diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/Makefile b/debugging/checkpointing/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b6fe979b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+MAKEFILE_PATH := $(subst Makefile,,$(abspath $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))))
+
+CXX=nvcc
+CXXFLAGS=-O0 -std=c++11 -g -I.  -L$(PROTOBUF_DIR)/lib64 -I$(PROTOBUF_DIR)/include -lprotobuf
+SHARED_CXXFLAGS=-shared -Xcompiler -fPIC
+PROTOBUF_DIR=${MAKEFILE_PATH}/protobuf-install
+
+all: kp_checkpoint.so reader
+
+NVCC_WRAPPER=nvcc_wrapper
+KOKKOS_DIR=$(HOME)/installs/kokkos/cuda
+KOKKOS_FLAGS=-I$(KOKKOS_DIR)/include -L$(KOKKOS_DIR)/lib64 -lkokkoscore -lkokkoscontainers
+
+protobuf-build:
+	mkdir ${MAKEFILE_PATH}/protobuf-build
+
+protobuf-build/Makefile: protobuf-build
+	cd protobuf-build && cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${MAKEFILE_PATH}/protobuf-install -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fPIC" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -Dprotobuf_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=g++ ${MAKEFILE_PATH}/protobuf/cmake/
+
+protobuf-install/lib64/libprotobuf.a: protobuf-build/Makefile
+	cd ${MAKEFILE_PATH}/protobuf-build && make -j8 install
+
+kp_checkpoint.so: ${MAKEFILE_PATH}kp_kernel_logger.cpp protobuf-install/lib64/libprotobuf.a
+	$(CXX) $(SHARED_CXXFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ ${MAKEFILE_PATH}kp_kernel_logger.cpp ${MAKEFILE_PATH}/protocols/checkpointing.pb.cc
+
+reader: ${MAKEFILE_PATH}reader.cpp protobuf-install/lib64/libprotobuf.a
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ ${MAKEFILE_PATH}reader.cpp ${MAKEFILE_PATH}/protocols/checkpointing.pb.cc
+
+example: ${MAKEFILE_PATH}example.cpp
+	$(NVCC_WRAPPER) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ ${MAKEFILE_PATH}example.cpp ${MAKEFILE_PATH}/protocols/checkpointing.pb.cc ${KOKKOS_FLAGS}
+
+clean:
+	rm *.so
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/checkpointing.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/checkpointing.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93a667ded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/checkpointing.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package kokkos_checkpointing;
+
+message View {
+ required string name = 1;
+ required int64  size = 2;
+ required bytes  data = 3;
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/example.cpp b/debugging/checkpointing/example.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0667b2d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/example.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+
+#include <Kokkos_Core.hpp>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <protocols/checkpointing.pb.h>
+struct ptr_info {
+  std::string who;
+  void* what;
+  size_t how_much;
+  bool where;
+  mutable void* canonical;
+};
+
+std::pair<void*,size_t> get_ptr_data(std::ifstream& input){
+    size_t message_size;
+    input >> message_size;
+
+    char* raw_input = new char[message_size];    
+    input.read(raw_input, message_size);
+    
+    ptr_info info;
+    kokkos_checkpointing::View v;
+    bool worked = v.ParseFromString(std::string(raw_input,message_size));
+    info.who = v.name();
+    info.how_much = v.size();
+    char* raw_data = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(info.how_much));
+    memcpy(raw_data, const_cast<char*>(v.data().c_str()), info.how_much);
+    return std::make_pair(raw_data, info.how_much);
+}
+  template<typename Hv, typename Dv>
+  void show(Hv h, Dv d){
+    std::cout << d.label() << "["<<h.extent(0) << "] (" << std::hex << h.data()<<") "<< std::dec << h[0]<<std::endl;
+    for(int x = 0 ; x < h.extent(0); ++x){
+      if(h(x)!=0){
+        std::cout << "Nonzero\n";
+      }
+    }
+  std::cout << h(h.extent(0)-2) << std::endl;
+  }
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
+  Kokkos::initialize(argc, argv);
+  {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+    std::string filename = "checkpoint.kokkos";
+    if (argc > 1) {
+      filename = argv[1];
+    }
+    std::ifstream input(filename);
+    size_t num_alloc;
+    input >> num_alloc;
+    using puppies_scalar_type= float;
+    using puppies_view_type= Kokkos::View<puppies_scalar_type*, Kokkos::CudaSpace>; /** you need to fill in the number of dimensions, sorry */
+    auto puppies_data = get_ptr_data(input);
+    puppies_view_type::HostMirror puppies_mirror( reinterpret_cast<puppies_scalar_type*>(puppies_data.first),puppies_data.second / sizeof(puppies_scalar_type)); /** you may need to adapt this for Views > 1D */
+    puppies_view_type puppies("puppies",puppies_data.second / sizeof(puppies_scalar_type));
+    Kokkos::deep_copy(puppies,puppies_mirror);
+    Kokkos::fence();
+    show(puppies_mirror,puppies);
+    auto puppies_1_data = get_ptr_data(input);
+    puppies_view_type::HostMirror puppies_1_mirror( reinterpret_cast<puppies_scalar_type*>(puppies_1_data.first),puppies_1_data.second / sizeof(puppies_scalar_type)); /** you may need to adapt this for Views > 1D */
+    puppies_view_type puppies_1("puppies_1",puppies_1_data.second / sizeof(puppies_scalar_type));
+    Kokkos::deep_copy(puppies_1,puppies_1_mirror);
+    Kokkos::fence();
+    show(puppies_1_mirror,puppies_1);
+
+  }
+  Kokkos::finalize();
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/kp_kernel_logger.cpp b/debugging/checkpointing/kp_kernel_logger.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee2bfb017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/kp_kernel_logger.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+//@HEADER
+// ************************************************************************
+//
+//                        Kokkos v. 3.0
+//       Copyright (2020) National Technology & Engineering
+//               Solutions of Sandia, LLC (NTESS).
+//
+// Under the terms of Contract DE-NA0003525 with NTESS,
+// the U.S. Government retains certain rights in this software.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+//
+// 3. Neither the name of the Corporation nor the names of the
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NTESS "AS IS" AND ANY
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NTESS OR THE
+// CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+// EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+// NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+// SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Questions? Contact David Poliakoff (dzpolia@sandia.gov)
+//
+// ************************************************************************
+//@HEADER
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <protocols/checkpointing.pb.h>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cuda_runtime.h>
+#include <set>
+#include <map>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <list>
+struct ptr_info {
+  std::string who;
+  void* what;
+  size_t how_much;
+  bool where;
+  void* canonical; // look, I'm in a hurry, I'm sorry
+};
+std::string rank_string = "0";
+struct variable_data {
+  std::vector<ptr_info> instances;
+  void insert(ptr_info in){
+    instances.push_back(in);
+  }
+  void remove(void* out){
+    auto er =
+    std::remove_if(instances.begin(), instances.end(), [=](const ptr_info& test){
+       bool rem= (test.what == out);
+       return rem;
+    });
+    if(er != instances.end()) { instances.erase(er); }
+  }
+  void remove(ptr_info& out){
+    auto er = std::remove_if(instances.begin(), instances.end(), [=](const ptr_info& test){
+       return test.what == out.what;
+    });
+    if(er != instances.end()) { instances.erase(er); }
+  }
+};
+
+std::string trigger;
+std::string output;
+bool debug;
+bool have_checkpointed;
+struct SpaceHandle {
+  char name[64];
+};
+std::map<std::string, variable_data> allocations;
+
+bool should_reraise(int signo){
+  return ((signo != 999) && (signo != SIGINT));
+}
+
+void dump_checkpoint(){
+  std::ofstream out(output);
+  int size_sum = 0;
+  for(auto& alloc : allocations){
+    size_sum += alloc.second.instances.size();
+  }
+  out << size_sum << " ";
+  std::cout << "Starting allocation dump\n";
+  if(!have_checkpointed){
+    std::cout << "WARNING: have not yet checkpointed memory, you're likely to see a checkpoint file with a lot of [corrupted] allocations. Check your setting of CHECKPOINT_ATTR to make sure it matches your kernel name\n";    std::cout << "WARNING: have not yet checkpointed memory, you're likely to see a checkpoint file with a lot of [corrupted] allocations. Check your setting of CHECKPOINT_ATTR to make sure it matches your kernel name\n";
+  }
+  for(auto& variable_handle: allocations){
+    auto& alloc_list = variable_handle.second; 
+    for(auto& alloc: alloc_list.instances){
+     kokkos_checkpointing::View v;
+      if(debug) {
+        std::cout << "Dumping an alloc with name: "<<alloc.who<<std::endl;
+      }
+
+      if(alloc.canonical){
+        v.set_size(alloc.how_much);
+        v.set_name(alloc.who);
+        v.set_data(alloc.canonical, alloc.how_much);
+      }
+      else{
+        v.set_size(0);
+        v.set_name(alloc.who + " [corrupted]");
+        v.set_data("");
+      }
+      size_t message_size  =v.ByteSizeLong();
+      out << message_size;
+      bool success = v.SerializeToOstream(&out);
+      if(!success){
+        std::cout << "Error serializing a View named "<<alloc.who<<std::endl;
+        exit(1);
+      }
+      //out << alloc.who << " "<< alloc.how_much; 
+      //out.write((char*)alloc.canonical,alloc.how_much);
+    }
+  }
+  out.close();
+}
+
+void checkpoint_handler(int signo){
+  static bool second;
+  if(second){
+    if(should_reraise(signo)){
+            sigignore(signo);
+            raise(signo);
+    }
+  }
+  // dump_checkpoint();
+  // std::cout <<"Finished writing on rank "<<rank_string<<", signal was "<<signo<<std::endl;
+  else{
+          second = true;
+  }
+    if(should_reraise(signo)){
+            sigignore(signo);
+            raise(signo);
+    }
+}
+
+void at_exit(){
+        checkpoint_handler(999);
+}
+
+extern "C" void kokkosp_init_library(const int loadSeq,
+	const uint64_t interfaceVer,
+	const uint32_t devInfoCount,
+	void* deviceInfo) {
+   std::cout << "KokkosP: Initialized checkpoint tool\n";
+   char* index = getenv("OMPI_COMM_WORLD_RANK");
+   trigger = getenv("CHECKPOINT_TRIGGER_ATTR");
+   output = getenv("CHECKPOINT_OUTPUT") ? getenv("CHECKPOINT_OUTPUT") : "checkpoint.kokkos";
+   debug = (getenv("CHECKPOINT_DEBUG") != nullptr);
+   if(index){
+     output+=".rank"+std::string(index);
+     rank_string = index;
+   }
+   signal(SIGSEGV, checkpoint_handler);
+   signal(SIGTERM, checkpoint_handler);
+   signal(SIGINT, checkpoint_handler);
+   signal(SIGABRT, checkpoint_handler);
+   atexit(at_exit);
+}
+
+bool operator<(const ptr_info& l, const ptr_info& r){
+  return l.what < r.what;
+}
+
+
+extern "C" void kokkosp_finalize_library() {
+}
+
+void checkpoint(){
+  cudaDeviceSynchronize();
+  have_checkpointed = true;
+  for(auto& variable_handle: allocations){
+    auto& alloc_list = variable_handle.second; 
+    for(auto& alloc: alloc_list.instances){
+      if(!alloc.canonical){
+        alloc.canonical = malloc(alloc.how_much);
+      }
+      if(alloc.where){
+      cudaMemcpy(alloc.canonical, alloc.what, alloc.how_much, cudaMemcpyDefault);
+      }          
+      else{
+        memcpy(alloc.canonical, alloc.what, alloc.how_much);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+extern "C" void kokkosp_begin_parallel_for(const char* name, const uint32_t devID, uint64_t* kID) {
+  if(name && (std::string(name) == trigger)){
+          checkpoint();
+          dump_checkpoint();
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+
+extern "C" void kokkosp_end_parallel_for(const uint64_t kID) {
+}
+
+extern "C" void kokkosp_begin_parallel_scan(const char* name, const uint32_t devID, uint64_t* kID) {
+  if(name && (std::string(name) == trigger)){
+          checkpoint();
+          dump_checkpoint();
+  }
+}
+
+extern "C" void kokkosp_end_parallel_scan(const uint64_t kID) {
+}
+
+extern "C" void kokkosp_begin_parallel_reduce(const char* name, const uint32_t devID, uint64_t* kID) {
+  if(name && (std::string(name) == trigger)){
+          checkpoint();
+          dump_checkpoint();
+  }
+}
+
+extern "C" void kokkosp_end_parallel_reduce(const uint64_t kID) {
+}
+
+extern "C" void kokkosp_push_profile_region(char* regionName) {
+}
+
+extern "C" void kokkosp_pop_profile_region() {
+}
+
+
+
+
+extern "C" void kokkosp_allocate_data(SpaceHandle handle, const char* name, void* ptr, uint64_t size) {
+  bool device = (handle.name[0] == 'C');
+  ptr_info info;
+  char* newname = new char[128];
+  if(name){
+    strncpy(newname,name, 127);
+  }
+  else {
+    strcpy(newname,"[default name]");
+  }
+  info.who = std::string(newname);
+  info.what = ptr + 128;
+  info.how_much = size; 
+  info.where = device;
+  info.canonical = nullptr;
+  allocations[name].insert(info);
+}
+
+extern "C" void kokkosp_deallocate_data(SpaceHandle handle, const char* name, void* ptr, uint64_t size) {
+  if(allocations.find(name)!=allocations.end()){
+  allocations[name].remove(ptr + 128);
+  }
+}
+
+extern "C" void kokkosp_begin_deep_copy(
+    SpaceHandle dst_handle, const char* dst_name, const void* dst_ptr,
+    SpaceHandle src_handle, const char* src_name, const void* src_ptr,
+    uint64_t size) {
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83860865a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+name: Bug report
+about: Create a report to help us improve
+title: ''
+labels: ''
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+<!--
+
+NOTE: this form is for bug reports only. For questions or troubleshooting, please see the protobuf mailing list: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/protobuf
+
+-->
+
+**What version of protobuf and what language are you using?**
+Version: master/v3.6.0/v3.5.0 etc.
+Language: C++/Java/Python/C#/Ruby/PHP/Objective-C/Javascript
+
+**What operating system (Linux, Windows, ...) and version?**
+
+**What runtime / compiler are you using (e.g., python version or gcc version)**
+
+**What did you do?**
+Steps to reproduce the behavior:
+1. Go to '...'
+2. Click on '....'
+3. Scroll down to '....'
+4. See error
+
+**What did you expect to see**
+
+**What did you see instead?**
+
+Make sure you include information that can help us debug (full error message, exception listing, stack trace, logs).
+
+**Anything else we should know about your project / environment**
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28b9bc97c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Suggest an idea for this project
+title: ''
+labels: ''
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+<!--
+
+NOTE: this form is for feature requests (including cleanup requests) only. For questions or troubleshooting, please see the protobuf mailing list: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/protobuf
+
+-->
+
+
+**What language does this apply to?**
+If it's a proto syntax change, is it for proto2 or proto3?
+If it's about generated code change, what programming language?
+
+**Describe the problem you are trying to solve.**
+
+**Describe the solution you'd like**
+
+**Describe alternatives you've considered**
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.github/mergeable.yml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.github/mergeable.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4170019c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.github/mergeable.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+mergeable:
+  pull_requests:
+    label:
+      and:
+        - must_exclude:
+            regex: '^disposition/DO NOT MERGE'
+            message: 'Pull request marked not mergeable'
+        - or:
+          - and:
+            - must_include:
+                regex: 'release notes: yes'
+                message: 'Please include release note: yes'
+            - must_include:
+                regex: '^(c#|c\+\+|cleanup|conformance tests|integration|java|javascript|go|objective-c|php|python|ruby)'
+                message: 'Please include at least a language label (e.g., c++, java, python). Or apply one of the following labels: cleanup, conformance tests, integration.'
+          - must_include:
+              regex: 'release notes: no'
+              message: 'Please include release note: no'
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.gitignore b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e38bbf7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+# autogen.sh-generated files
+Makefile.in
+src/Makefile.in
+config.guess
+config.h.in
+config.sub
+configure
+depcomp
+install-sh
+ltmain.sh
+missing
+
+aclocal.m4
+m4/libtool.m4
+m4/ltoptions.m4
+m4/ltsugar.m4
+m4/ltversion.m4
+m4/lt~obsolete.m4
+autom4te.cache
+
+# downloaded files
+/gmock
+
+# in-tree configure-generated files
+Makefile
+src/Makefile
+/config.h
+config.log
+config.status
+
+libtool
+protobuf-lite.pc
+protobuf.pc
+.deps
+stamp-h1
+
+# in-tree build products
+*.o
+*.lo
+*.la
+src/.libs
+*.so
+
+.dirstamp
+
+any_test.pb.*
+map*unittest.pb.*
+unittest*.pb.*
+cpp_test*.pb.*
+src/google/protobuf/util/**/*.pb.cc
+src/google/protobuf/util/**/*.pb.h
+
+*.pyc
+*.egg-info
+*_pb2.py
+python/**/*.egg
+python/.eggs/
+python/.tox
+python/build/
+
+src/js_embed
+src/protoc
+src/unittest_proto_middleman
+
+# vim generated
+*.swp
+
+# Generated test scaffolding
+src/no_warning_test.cc
+src/no-warning-test
+src/protobuf*-test
+src/test_plugin
+src/testzip.*
+src/zcg*zip
+ar-lib
+
+test-driver
+compile
+
+src/**/*.log
+src/**/*.trs
+
+# JavaBuild output.
+java/core/target
+java/util/target
+javanano/target
+java/.idea
+java/**/*.iml
+
+# Windows native output.
+cmake/build
+build_msvc
+
+# NuGet packages: we want the repository configuration, but not the
+# packages themselves.
+/csharp/src/packages/*/
+
+# OS X's Finder creates these for state about opened windows/etc.
+**/.DS_Store
+
+# Cocoapods artifacts
+# Podfile.lock and the workspace file are tracked, to ease deleting them. That's
+# needed to trigger "pod install" to rerun the preinstall commands.
+Pods/
+
+# Comformance test output
+conformance/.libs/
+conformance/com/
+conformance/conformance-cpp
+conformance/conformance-csharp
+conformance/conformance-java
+conformance/conformance-objc
+conformance/conformance-test-runner
+conformance/conformance.pb.cc
+conformance/conformance.pb.h
+conformance/Conformance.pbobjc.h
+conformance/Conformance.pbobjc.m
+conformance/conformance_pb.js
+conformance/conformance_pb.rb
+conformance/core
+conformance/failing_tests.txt
+conformance/google/
+conformance/google-protobuf/
+conformance/javac_middleman
+conformance/lite/
+conformance/nonexistent_tests.txt
+conformance/protoc_middleman
+conformance/succeeding_tests.txt
+conformance/Conformance/
+conformance/GPBMetadata/
+conformance/Google/
+conformance/Protobuf_test_messages/
+conformance/conformance-php
+conformance/conformance-php-c
+conformance/*.class
+
+# php test output
+composer.lock
+php/tests/generated/
+php/tests/old_protoc
+php/tests/protobuf/
+php/tests/core
+php/tests/vgcore*
+php/tests/multirequest.result
+php/tests/nohup.out
+php/ext/google/protobuf/.libs/
+php/ext/google/protobuf/Makefile.fragments
+php/ext/google/protobuf/Makefile.global
+php/ext/google/protobuf/Makefile.objects
+php/ext/google/protobuf/acinclude.m4
+php/ext/google/protobuf/build/
+php/ext/google/protobuf/config.h
+php/ext/google/protobuf/config.h.in~
+php/ext/google/protobuf/config.nice
+php/ext/google/protobuf/configure.ac
+php/ext/google/protobuf/configure.in
+php/ext/google/protobuf/mkinstalldirs
+php/ext/google/protobuf/run-tests.php
+vendor/
+
+# JavaScript artifacts
+js/commonjs_out/
+js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs_out*
+js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protoc
+js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/testproto_libs1.js
+js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/testproto_libs1_new.js
+js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/testproto_libs2.js
+js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/testproto_libs2_new.js
+js/deps.js
+js/google-protobuf.js
+js/google/
+js/node_modules/
+js/testproto_libs1.js
+js/testproto_libs2.js
+
+# Ignore the bazel symlinks
+/bazel-*
+
+# ruby test output
+ruby/lib/
+ruby/tests/basic_test_pb.rb
+ruby/tests/basic_test_proto2_pb.rb
+ruby/tests/generated_code_pb.rb
+ruby/tests/test_import_pb.rb
+ruby/tests/test_ruby_package_pb.rb
+ruby/tests/generated_code_proto2_pb.rb
+ruby/tests/test_import_proto2_pb.rb
+ruby/tests/test_ruby_package_proto2_pb.rb
+ruby/Gemfile.lock
+ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protoc
+ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/generated_code_pb.rb
+ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/test_import_pb.rb
+
+# IntelliJ CLion Config files and build output
+cmake/.idea
+cmake/cmake-build-debug/
+
+# Common build subdirectories.
+./.build/
+./_build/
+
+# Visual Studio 2017
+.vs
+
+# Visual Studio Code
+/.vscode/
+
+# IntelliJ
+.idea
+*.iml
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.gitmodules b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.gitmodules
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bcd125a49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/.gitmodules
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[submodule "third_party/benchmark"]
+	path = third_party/benchmark
+	url = https://github.com/google/benchmark.git
+[submodule "third_party/googletest"]
+	path = third_party/googletest
+	url = https://github.com/google/googletest.git
+	ignore = dirty
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/BUILD b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/BUILD
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79871d621
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/BUILD
@@ -0,0 +1,1262 @@
+# Bazel (https://bazel.build/) BUILD file for Protobuf.
+
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary", "cc_library", "cc_test", "objc_library", native_cc_proto_library = "cc_proto_library")
+load("@rules_java//java:defs.bzl", "java_library")
+load("@rules_proto//proto:defs.bzl", "proto_lang_toolchain", "proto_library")
+load("@rules_proto//proto/private:native.bzl", "native_proto_common")
+load("@rules_python//python:defs.bzl", "py_library")
+load(":cc_proto_blacklist_test.bzl", "cc_proto_blacklist_test")
+
+licenses(["notice"])
+
+exports_files(["LICENSE"])
+
+################################################################################
+# Java 9 configuration
+################################################################################
+
+config_setting(
+    name = "jdk9",
+    values = {
+        "java_toolchain": "@bazel_tools//tools/jdk:toolchain_jdk9",
+    },
+)
+
+################################################################################
+# ZLIB configuration
+################################################################################
+
+ZLIB_DEPS = ["@zlib//:zlib"]
+
+################################################################################
+# Protobuf Runtime Library
+################################################################################
+
+MSVC_COPTS = [
+    "/DHAVE_PTHREAD",
+    "/wd4018",  # -Wno-sign-compare
+    "/wd4065",  # switch statement contains 'default' but no 'case' labels
+    "/wd4146",  # unary minus operator applied to unsigned type, result still unsigned
+    "/wd4244",  # 'conversion' conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', possible loss of data
+    "/wd4251",  # 'identifier' : class 'type' needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class 'type2'
+    "/wd4267",  # 'var' : conversion from 'size_t' to 'type', possible loss of data
+    "/wd4305",  # 'identifier' : truncation from 'type1' to 'type2'
+    "/wd4307",  # 'operator' : integral constant overflow
+    "/wd4309",  # 'conversion' : truncation of constant value
+    "/wd4334",  # 'operator' : result of 32-bit shift implicitly converted to 64 bits (was 64-bit shift intended?)
+    "/wd4355",  # 'this' : used in base member initializer list
+    "/wd4506",  # no definition for inline function 'function'
+    "/wd4514",  # -Wno-unused-function
+    "/wd4800",  # 'type' : forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning)
+    "/wd4996",  # The compiler encountered a deprecated declaration.
+]
+
+COPTS = select({
+    ":msvc": MSVC_COPTS,
+    "//conditions:default": [
+        "-DHAVE_PTHREAD",
+        "-DHAVE_ZLIB",
+        "-Woverloaded-virtual",
+        "-Wno-sign-compare",
+        "-Wno-unused-function",
+        # Prevents ISO C++ const string assignment warnings for pyext sources.
+        "-Wno-write-strings",
+        "-Wno-deprecated-declarations",
+    ],
+})
+
+load(":compiler_config_setting.bzl", "create_compiler_config_setting")
+
+create_compiler_config_setting(
+    name = "msvc",
+    value = "msvc-cl",
+)
+
+config_setting(
+    name = "android",
+    values = {
+        "crosstool_top": "//external:android/crosstool",
+    },
+)
+
+config_setting(
+    name = "android-libcpp",
+    values = {
+        "crosstool_top": "@androidndk//:toolchain-libcpp",
+    },
+)
+
+config_setting(
+    name = "android-gnu-libstdcpp",
+    values = {
+        "crosstool_top": "@androidndk//:toolchain-gnu-libstdcpp",
+    },
+)
+
+# Android and MSVC builds do not need to link in a separate pthread library.
+LINK_OPTS = select({
+    ":android": [],
+    ":android-libcpp": [],
+    ":android-gnu-libstdcpp": [],
+    ":msvc": [
+        # Suppress linker warnings about files with no symbols defined.
+        "-ignore:4221",
+    ],
+    "//conditions:default": [
+        "-lpthread",
+        "-lm",
+    ],
+})
+
+load(
+    ":protobuf.bzl",
+    "cc_proto_library",
+    "internal_copied_filegroup",
+    "internal_gen_well_known_protos_java",
+    "internal_protobuf_py_tests",
+    "py_proto_library",
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "protobuf_lite",
+    srcs = [
+        # AUTOGEN(protobuf_lite_srcs)
+        "src/google/protobuf/any_lite.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/arena.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven_lite.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/io/io_win32.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/io/strtod.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/message_lite.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/parse_context.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/int128.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/structurally_valid.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc",
+    ],
+    hdrs = glob([
+        "src/google/protobuf/**/*.h",
+        "src/google/protobuf/**/*.inc",
+    ]),
+    copts = COPTS,
+    includes = ["src/"],
+    linkopts = LINK_OPTS,
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEPS = select({
+    ":msvc": [],
+    "//conditions:default": ZLIB_DEPS,
+})
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "protobuf",
+    srcs = [
+        # AUTOGEN(protobuf_srcs)
+        "src/google/protobuf/any.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/any.pb.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/api.pb.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/io/printer.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/map_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/message.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/service.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/type.pb.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/time_util.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.cc",
+    ],
+    hdrs = glob([
+        "src/**/*.h",
+        "src/**/*.inc",
+    ]),
+    copts = COPTS,
+    includes = ["src/"],
+    linkopts = LINK_OPTS,
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    deps = [":protobuf_lite"] + PROTOBUF_DEPS,
+)
+
+# This provides just the header files for use in projects that need to build
+# shared libraries for dynamic loading. This target is available until Bazel
+# adds native support for such use cases.
+# TODO(keveman): Remove this target once the support gets added to Bazel.
+cc_library(
+    name = "protobuf_headers",
+    hdrs = glob([
+        "src/**/*.h",
+        "src/**/*.inc",
+    ]),
+    includes = ["src/"],
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+# Map of all well known protos.
+# name => (include path, imports)
+WELL_KNOWN_PROTO_MAP = {
+    "any": ("src/google/protobuf/any.proto", []),
+    "api": (
+        "src/google/protobuf/api.proto",
+        [
+            "source_context",
+            "type",
+        ],
+    ),
+    "compiler_plugin": (
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto",
+        ["descriptor"],
+    ),
+    "descriptor": ("src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto", []),
+    "duration": ("src/google/protobuf/duration.proto", []),
+    "empty": ("src/google/protobuf/empty.proto", []),
+    "field_mask": ("src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto", []),
+    "source_context": ("src/google/protobuf/source_context.proto", []),
+    "struct": ("src/google/protobuf/struct.proto", []),
+    "timestamp": ("src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto", []),
+    "type": (
+        "src/google/protobuf/type.proto",
+        [
+            "any",
+            "source_context",
+        ],
+    ),
+    "wrappers": ("src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto", []),
+}
+
+WELL_KNOWN_PROTOS = [value[0] for value in WELL_KNOWN_PROTO_MAP.values()]
+
+filegroup(
+    name = "well_known_protos",
+    srcs = WELL_KNOWN_PROTOS,
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+cc_proto_library(
+    name = "cc_wkt_protos",
+    srcs = WELL_KNOWN_PROTOS,
+    include = "src",
+    default_runtime = ":protobuf",
+    internal_bootstrap_hack = 1,
+    protoc = ":protoc",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+################################################################################
+# Well Known Types Proto Library Rules
+#
+# These proto_library rules can be used with one of the language specific proto
+# library rules i.e. java_proto_library:
+#
+# java_proto_library(
+#   name = "any_java_proto",
+#   deps = ["@com_google_protobuf//:any_proto],
+# )
+################################################################################
+
+[proto_library(
+    name = proto[0] + "_proto",
+    srcs = [proto[1][0]],
+    strip_import_prefix = "src",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    deps = [dep + "_proto" for dep in proto[1][1]],
+) for proto in WELL_KNOWN_PROTO_MAP.items()]
+
+[native_cc_proto_library(
+    name = proto + "_cc_proto",
+    deps = [proto + "_proto"],
+    visibility = ["//visibility:private"],
+) for proto in WELL_KNOWN_PROTO_MAP.keys()]
+
+cc_proto_blacklist_test(
+    name = "cc_proto_blacklist_test",
+    deps = [proto + "_cc_proto" for proto in WELL_KNOWN_PROTO_MAP.keys()]
+)
+
+################################################################################
+# Protocol Buffers Compiler
+################################################################################
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "protoc_lib",
+    srcs = [
+        # AUTOGEN(protoc_lib_srcs)
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_padding_optimizer.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_reflection_class.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_lite.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension_lite.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/well_known_types_embed.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/php/php_generator.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/zip_writer.cc",
+    ],
+    copts = COPTS,
+    includes = ["src/"],
+    linkopts = LINK_OPTS,
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    deps = [":protobuf"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "protoc",
+    srcs = ["src/google/protobuf/compiler/main.cc"],
+    linkopts = LINK_OPTS,
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    deps = [":protoc_lib"],
+)
+
+################################################################################
+# Tests
+################################################################################
+
+RELATIVE_LITE_TEST_PROTOS = [
+    # AUTOGEN(lite_test_protos)
+    "google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_lite.proto",
+]
+
+LITE_TEST_PROTOS = ["src/" + s for s in RELATIVE_LITE_TEST_PROTOS]
+
+RELATIVE_TEST_PROTOS = [
+    # AUTOGEN(test_protos)
+    "google/protobuf/any_test.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_bad_identifiers.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_large_enum_value.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/map_proto2_unittest.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/map_unittest.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_arena.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_drop_unknown_fields.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_empty.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_custom_option.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_enum.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_import.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_no_field_presence.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum2.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena_lite.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_lite.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value_test.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/util/json_format.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.proto",
+    "google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.proto",
+]
+
+TEST_PROTOS = ["src/" + s for s in RELATIVE_TEST_PROTOS]
+
+cc_proto_library(
+    name = "cc_test_protos",
+    srcs = LITE_TEST_PROTOS + TEST_PROTOS,
+    include = "src",
+    default_runtime = ":protobuf",
+    protoc = ":protoc",
+    deps = [":cc_wkt_protos"],
+)
+
+COMMON_TEST_SRCS = [
+    # AUTOGEN(common_test_srcs)
+    "src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.cc",
+    "src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.inc",
+    "src/google/protobuf/test_util.cc",
+    "src/google/protobuf/test_util.inc",
+    "src/google/protobuf/testing/file.cc",
+    "src/google/protobuf/testing/googletest.cc",
+]
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "test_plugin",
+    srcs = [
+        # AUTOGEN(test_plugin_srcs)
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/test_plugin.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/testing/file.cc",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        ":protobuf",
+        ":protoc_lib",
+        "//external:gtest",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_test(
+    name = "win32_test",
+    srcs = ["src/google/protobuf/io/io_win32_unittest.cc"],
+    tags = [
+        "manual",
+        "windows",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        ":protobuf_lite",
+        "//external:gtest_main",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_test(
+    name = "protobuf_test",
+    srcs = COMMON_TEST_SRCS + [
+        # AUTOGEN(test_srcs)
+        "src/google/protobuf/any_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/arena_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/arenastring_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/annotation_test_util.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_move_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_plugin_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.inc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/metadata_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_bootstrap_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_plugin_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_plugin_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/descriptor_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/drop_unknown_fields_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/extension_set_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/io/io_win32_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/io/printer_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/map_field_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/map_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.inc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/no_field_presence_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/preserve_unknown_enum_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/proto3_arena_lite_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/proto3_arena_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/proto3_lite_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/proto3_lite_unittest.inc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_reflection_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/common_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/int128_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/status_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/structurally_valid_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/template_util_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/stubs/time_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/text_format_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/json_util_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/time_util_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util_test.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/well_known_types_unittest.cc",
+        "src/google/protobuf/wire_format_unittest.cc",
+    ] + select({
+        "//conditions:default": [
+            # AUTOGEN(non_msvc_test_srcs)
+            "src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc",
+        ],
+        ":msvc": [],
+    }),
+    copts = COPTS,
+    data = [
+        ":test_plugin",
+    ] + glob([
+        "src/google/protobuf/**/*",
+        # Files for csharp_bootstrap_unittest.cc.
+        "conformance/**/*",
+        "csharp/src/**/*",
+    ]),
+    includes = [
+        "src/",
+    ],
+    linkopts = LINK_OPTS,
+    deps = [
+        ":cc_test_protos",
+        ":protobuf",
+        ":protoc_lib",
+        "//external:gtest_main",
+    ] + PROTOBUF_DEPS,
+)
+
+################################################################################
+# Java support
+################################################################################
+internal_gen_well_known_protos_java(
+    srcs = WELL_KNOWN_PROTOS,
+)
+
+java_library(
+    name = "protobuf_java",
+    srcs = glob([
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/*.java",
+    ]) + [
+        ":gen_well_known_protos_java",
+    ],
+    javacopts = select({
+        "//:jdk9": ["--add-modules=jdk.unsupported"],
+        "//conditions:default": [
+            "-source 7",
+            "-target 7",
+        ],
+    }),
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+java_library(
+    name = "protobuf_javalite",
+    srcs = [
+        # Keep in sync with java/lite/pom.xml
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageLite.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractParser.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProtobufList.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AllocatedBuffer.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Android.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ArrayDecoders.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BinaryReader.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BinaryWriter.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BooleanArrayList.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BufferAllocator.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteBufferWriter.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteOutput.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteString.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStream.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamReader.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStream.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStreamWriter.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DoubleArrayList.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalApi.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionLite.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryFactory.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryLite.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchema.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchemaLite.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchemas.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldInfo.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldSet.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldType.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FloatArrayList.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageInfoFactory.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageLite.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/IntArrayList.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Internal.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/IterableByteBufferInputStream.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/JavaType.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyField.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldLite.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringArrayList.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringList.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ListFieldSchema.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LongArrayList.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ManifestSchemaFactory.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapEntryLite.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldLite.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchema.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchemaLite.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchemas.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageInfo.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageInfoFactory.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLite.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLiteOrBuilder.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLiteToString.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageSchema.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageSetSchema.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MutabilityOracle.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchema.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchemaLite.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchemas.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteString.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/OneofInfo.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Parser.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtoSyntax.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Protobuf.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufArrayList.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufLists.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtocolStringList.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RawMessageInfo.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Reader.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteString.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Schema.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SchemaFactory.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SchemaUtil.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SmallSortedMap.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/StructuralMessageInfo.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatEscaper.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UninitializedMessageException.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSchema.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetLite.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetLiteSchema.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnmodifiableLazyStringList.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeUtil.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Utf8.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormat.java",
+        "java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Writer.java",
+    ],
+    javacopts = select({
+        "//:jdk9": ["--add-modules=jdk.unsupported"],
+        "//conditions:default": [
+            "-source 7",
+            "-target 7",
+        ],
+    }),
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+java_library(
+    name = "protobuf_java_util",
+    srcs = glob([
+        "java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/*.java",
+    ]),
+    javacopts = [
+        "-source 7",
+        "-target 7",
+    ],
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    deps = [
+        "protobuf_java",
+        "//external:error_prone_annotations",
+        "//external:gson",
+        "//external:guava",
+    ],
+)
+
+################################################################################
+# Python support
+################################################################################
+
+py_library(
+    name = "python_srcs",
+    srcs = glob(
+        [
+            "python/google/**/*.py",
+        ],
+        exclude = [
+            "python/google/protobuf/**/__init__.py",
+            "python/google/protobuf/internal/*_test.py",
+            "python/google/protobuf/internal/test_util.py",
+        ],
+    ),
+    imports = ["python"],
+    srcs_version = "PY2AND3",
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "python/google/protobuf/internal/_api_implementation.so",
+    srcs = ["python/google/protobuf/internal/api_implementation.cc"],
+    copts = COPTS + [
+        "-DPYTHON_PROTO2_CPP_IMPL_V2",
+    ],
+    linkshared = 1,
+    linkstatic = 1,
+    deps = select({
+        "//conditions:default": [],
+        ":use_fast_cpp_protos": ["//external:python_headers"],
+    }),
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "python/google/protobuf/pyext/_message.so",
+    srcs = glob([
+        "python/google/protobuf/pyext/*.cc",
+        "python/google/protobuf/pyext/*.h",
+    ]),
+    copts = COPTS + [
+        "-DGOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_ONEOF=1",
+    ] + select({
+        "//conditions:default": [],
+        ":allow_oversize_protos": ["-DPROTOBUF_PYTHON_ALLOW_OVERSIZE_PROTOS=1"],
+    }),
+    includes = [
+        "python/",
+        "src/",
+    ],
+    linkshared = 1,
+    linkstatic = 1,
+    deps = [
+        ":protobuf",
+        ":proto_api",
+    ] + select({
+        "//conditions:default": [],
+        ":use_fast_cpp_protos": ["//external:python_headers"],
+    }),
+)
+
+config_setting(
+    name = "use_fast_cpp_protos",
+    values = {
+        "define": "use_fast_cpp_protos=true",
+    },
+)
+
+config_setting(
+    name = "allow_oversize_protos",
+    values = {
+        "define": "allow_oversize_protos=true",
+    },
+)
+
+# Copy the builtin proto files from src/google/protobuf to
+# python/google/protobuf. This way, the generated Python sources will be in the
+# same directory as the Python runtime sources. This is necessary for the
+# modules to be imported correctly since they are all part of the same Python
+# package.
+internal_copied_filegroup(
+    name = "protos_python",
+    srcs = WELL_KNOWN_PROTOS,
+    dest = "python",
+    strip_prefix = "src",
+)
+
+# TODO(dzc): Remove this once py_proto_library can have labels in srcs, in
+# which case we can simply add :protos_python in srcs.
+COPIED_WELL_KNOWN_PROTOS = ["python/" + s[4:] for s in WELL_KNOWN_PROTOS]
+
+py_proto_library(
+    name = "protobuf_python",
+    srcs = COPIED_WELL_KNOWN_PROTOS,
+    include = "python",
+    data = select({
+        "//conditions:default": [],
+        ":use_fast_cpp_protos": [
+            ":python/google/protobuf/internal/_api_implementation.so",
+            ":python/google/protobuf/pyext/_message.so",
+        ],
+    }),
+    default_runtime = "",
+    protoc = ":protoc",
+    py_extra_srcs = glob(["python/**/__init__.py"]),
+    py_libs = [
+        ":python_srcs",
+        "@six//:six",
+    ],
+    srcs_version = "PY2AND3",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+# Copy the test proto files from src/google/protobuf to
+# python/google/protobuf. This way, the generated Python sources will be in the
+# same directory as the Python runtime sources. This is necessary for the
+# modules to be imported correctly by the tests since they are all part of the
+# same Python package.
+internal_copied_filegroup(
+    name = "protos_python_test",
+    srcs = LITE_TEST_PROTOS + TEST_PROTOS,
+    dest = "python",
+    strip_prefix = "src",
+)
+
+# TODO(dzc): Remove this once py_proto_library can have labels in srcs, in
+# which case we can simply add :protos_python_test in srcs.
+COPIED_LITE_TEST_PROTOS = ["python/" + s for s in RELATIVE_LITE_TEST_PROTOS]
+
+COPIED_TEST_PROTOS = ["python/" + s for s in RELATIVE_TEST_PROTOS]
+
+py_proto_library(
+    name = "python_common_test_protos",
+    srcs = COPIED_LITE_TEST_PROTOS + COPIED_TEST_PROTOS,
+    include = "python",
+    default_runtime = "",
+    protoc = ":protoc",
+    srcs_version = "PY2AND3",
+    deps = [":protobuf_python"],
+)
+
+py_proto_library(
+    name = "python_specific_test_protos",
+    srcs = glob([
+        "python/google/protobuf/internal/*.proto",
+        "python/google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/*.proto",
+    ]),
+    include = "python",
+    default_runtime = ":protobuf_python",
+    protoc = ":protoc",
+    srcs_version = "PY2AND3",
+    deps = [":python_common_test_protos"],
+)
+
+py_library(
+    name = "python_tests",
+    srcs = glob(
+        [
+            "python/google/protobuf/internal/*_test.py",
+            "python/google/protobuf/internal/test_util.py",
+            "python/google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/__init__.py",
+        ],
+    ),
+    imports = ["python"],
+    srcs_version = "PY2AND3",
+    deps = [
+        ":protobuf_python",
+        ":python_common_test_protos",
+        ":python_specific_test_protos",
+    ],
+)
+
+internal_protobuf_py_tests(
+    name = "python_tests_batch",
+    data = glob([
+        "src/google/protobuf/**/*",
+    ]),
+    modules = [
+        "descriptor_database_test",
+        "descriptor_pool_test",
+        "descriptor_test",
+        "generator_test",
+        "json_format_test",
+        "message_factory_test",
+        "message_test",
+        "proto_builder_test",
+        "reflection_test",
+        "service_reflection_test",
+        "symbol_database_test",
+        "text_encoding_test",
+        "text_format_test",
+        "unknown_fields_test",
+        "wire_format_test",
+    ],
+    deps = [":python_tests"],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "proto_api",
+    hdrs = ["python/google/protobuf/proto_api.h"],
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    deps = [
+        "//external:python_headers",
+    ],
+)
+
+# Note: We use `native_proto_common` here because we depend on an implementation-detail of
+# `proto_lang_toolchain`, which may not be available on `proto_common`.
+reject_blacklisted_files = hasattr(native_proto_common, "proto_lang_toolchain_rejects_files_do_not_use_or_we_will_break_you_without_mercy")
+cc_toolchain_blacklisted_protos = [proto + "_proto" for proto in WELL_KNOWN_PROTO_MAP.keys()] if reject_blacklisted_files else [":well_known_protos"]
+proto_lang_toolchain(
+    name = "cc_toolchain",
+    blacklisted_protos = cc_toolchain_blacklisted_protos,
+    command_line = "--cpp_out=$(OUT)",
+    runtime = ":protobuf",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+proto_lang_toolchain(
+    name = "java_toolchain",
+    command_line = "--java_out=$(OUT)",
+    runtime = ":protobuf_java",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+proto_lang_toolchain(
+    name = "javalite_toolchain",
+    command_line = "--java_out=lite:$(OUT)",
+    runtime = ":protobuf_javalite",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+alias(
+    name = "objectivec",
+    actual = ":protobuf_objc",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+objc_library(
+    name = "protobuf_objc",
+    hdrs = [
+        "objectivec/GPBArray.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBBootstrap.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBCodedInputStream.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBCodedOutputStream.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBDescriptor.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBDictionary.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBExtensionInternals.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBExtensionRegistry.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBMessage.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBRootObject.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBRuntimeTypes.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBUnknownField.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBUnknownFieldSet.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBUtilities.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBWellKnownTypes.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBWireFormat.h",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.h",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Api.pbobjc.h",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.h",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.h",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.h",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.h",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.h",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.h",
+        # Package private headers, but exposed because the generated sources
+        # need to use them.
+        "objectivec/GPBArray_PackagePrivate.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBCodedInputStream_PackagePrivate.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBCodedOutputStream_PackagePrivate.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBDescriptor_PackagePrivate.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBDictionary_PackagePrivate.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBRootObject_PackagePrivate.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBUnknownFieldSet_PackagePrivate.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBUnknownField_PackagePrivate.h",
+        "objectivec/GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h",
+    ],
+    copts = [
+        "-Wno-vla",
+    ],
+    includes = [
+        "objectivec",
+    ],
+    non_arc_srcs = [
+        "objectivec/GPBArray.m",
+        "objectivec/GPBCodedInputStream.m",
+        "objectivec/GPBCodedOutputStream.m",
+        "objectivec/GPBDescriptor.m",
+        "objectivec/GPBDictionary.m",
+        "objectivec/GPBExtensionInternals.m",
+        "objectivec/GPBExtensionRegistry.m",
+        "objectivec/GPBMessage.m",
+        "objectivec/GPBRootObject.m",
+        "objectivec/GPBUnknownField.m",
+        "objectivec/GPBUnknownFieldSet.m",
+        "objectivec/GPBUtilities.m",
+        "objectivec/GPBWellKnownTypes.m",
+        "objectivec/GPBWireFormat.m",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.m",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Api.pbobjc.m",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.m",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.m",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.m",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.m",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.m",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.m",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.m",
+        "objectivec/google/protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.m",
+    ],
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+################################################################################
+# Test generated proto support
+################################################################################
+
+genrule(
+    name = "generated_protos",
+    srcs = ["src/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto"],
+    outs = ["unittest_gen.proto"],
+    cmd = "cat $(SRCS) | sed 's|google/|src/google/|' >  $(OUTS)",
+)
+
+proto_library(
+    name = "generated_protos_proto",
+    srcs = [
+        "src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto",
+        "unittest_gen.proto",
+    ],
+)
+
+py_proto_library(
+    name = "generated_protos_py",
+    srcs = [
+        "src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto",
+        "unittest_gen.proto",
+    ],
+    default_runtime = "",
+    protoc = ":protoc",
+)
+
+################################################################################
+# Conformance tests
+################################################################################
+
+proto_library(
+    name = "test_messages_proto2_proto",
+    srcs = ["src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto"],
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+proto_library(
+    name = "test_messages_proto3_proto",
+    srcs = ["src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.proto"],
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    deps = [
+        ":any_proto",
+        ":duration_proto",
+        ":field_mask_proto",
+        ":struct_proto",
+        ":timestamp_proto",
+        ":wrappers_proto",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_proto_library(
+    name = "test_messages_proto2_proto_cc",
+    srcs = ["src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto"],
+)
+
+cc_proto_library(
+    name = "test_messages_proto3_proto_cc",
+    srcs = ["src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.proto"],
+    deps = [
+        ":cc_wkt_protos",
+    ],
+)
+
+proto_library(
+    name = "conformance_proto",
+    srcs = ["conformance/conformance.proto"],
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+cc_proto_library(
+    name = "conformance_proto_cc",
+    srcs = ["conformance/conformance.proto"],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "jsoncpp",
+    srcs = ["conformance/third_party/jsoncpp/jsoncpp.cpp"],
+    hdrs = ["conformance/third_party/jsoncpp/json.h"],
+    includes = ["conformance"],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "conformance_test",
+    srcs = [
+        "conformance/conformance_test.cc",
+        "conformance/conformance_test_runner.cc",
+    ],
+    hdrs = [
+        "conformance/conformance_test.h",
+    ],
+    includes = [
+        "conformance",
+        "src",
+    ],
+    deps = [":conformance_proto_cc"],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "binary_json_conformance_suite",
+    srcs = ["conformance/binary_json_conformance_suite.cc"],
+    hdrs = ["conformance/binary_json_conformance_suite.h"],
+    deps = [
+        ":conformance_test",
+        ":jsoncpp",
+        ":test_messages_proto2_proto_cc",
+        ":test_messages_proto3_proto_cc",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "text_format_conformance_suite",
+    srcs = ["conformance/text_format_conformance_suite.cc"],
+    hdrs = ["conformance/text_format_conformance_suite.h"],
+    deps = [
+        ":conformance_test",
+        ":test_messages_proto2_proto_cc",
+        ":test_messages_proto3_proto_cc",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "conformance_test_runner",
+    srcs = ["conformance/conformance_test_main.cc"],
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    deps = [
+        ":binary_json_conformance_suite",
+        ":conformance_test",
+        ":text_format_conformance_suite",
+    ],
+)
+
+sh_test(
+    name = "build_files_updated_unittest",
+    srcs = [
+        "build_files_updated_unittest.sh",
+    ],
+    data = [
+        "BUILD",
+        "cmake/extract_includes.bat.in",
+        "cmake/libprotobuf.cmake",
+        "cmake/libprotobuf-lite.cmake",
+        "cmake/libprotoc.cmake",
+        "cmake/tests.cmake",
+        "src/Makefile.am",
+        "update_file_lists.sh",
+    ],
+)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/CHANGES.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/CHANGES.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67c5a3d6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/CHANGES.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2280 @@
+2020-02-14 version 3.11.4 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+  
+  C#
+  * Fix latest ArgumentException for C# extensions (#7188)
+  * Enforce recursion depth checking for unknown fields (#7210)
+  
+  Ruby
+  * Fix wrappers with a zero value (#7195)
+  * Fix JSON serialization of 0/empty-valued wrapper types (#7198)
+
+2020-01-31 version 3.11.3 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+
+  C++
+  * Add OUT and OPTIONAL to windows portability files (#7087)
+
+  PHP
+  * Refactored ulong to zend_ulong for php7.4 compatibility (#7147)
+  * Call register_class before getClass from desc to fix segfault (#7077)
+  
+
+2019-12-10 version 3.11.2 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+
+  PHP
+  * Make c extension portable for php 7.4 (#6968)
+  
+
+2019-12-02 version 3.11.1 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+
+  PHP
+  * Extern declare protobuf_globals (#6946)
+
+
+2019-11-19 version 3.11.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+
+  C++
+  * Make serialization method naming consistent
+  * Make proto runtime + generated code free of deprecation warnings
+  * Moved ShutdownProtobufLibrary() to message_lite.h.  For backward compatibility a declaration is still available in stubs/common.h, but users should prefer message_lite.h
+  * Removed non-namespace macro EXPECT_OK()
+  * Removed mathlimits.h from stubs in favor of using std::numeric_limits from C++11
+  * Fixed bug in parser when ending on a group tag
+  * Add a helper function to UnknownFieldSet to deal with the changing return value of message::unknown_fields()
+  * Fix incorrect use of string_view iterators
+  * Support direct pickling of nested messages
+  * Skip extension tag validation for MessageSet if unknown dependencies are allowed
+  * Updated deprecation macros to annotate deprecated code (#6612)
+  * Remove conversion warning in MapEntryFuncs::ByteSizeLong (#6766)
+  * Revert "Make shared libraries be able to link to MSVC static runtime libraries, so that VC runtime is not required." (#6914)
+
+  Java
+  * Remove the usage of MethodHandle, so that Android users prior to API version 26 can use protobuf-java
+  * Publish ProGuard config for javalite
+  * Fix for StrictMode disk read violation in ExtensionRegistryLite
+  * Include part of the ByteString's content in its toString().
+  * Include unknown fields when merging proto3 messages in Java lite builders
+
+  Python
+  * Add float_precision option in json format printer
+  * Optionally print bytes fields as messages in unknown fields, if possible
+  * FieldPath: fix testing IsSet on root path ''
+  * Experimental code gen (fast import protobuf module) which only work with cpp generated code linked in
+
+  JavaScript
+  * Remove guard for Symbol iterator for jspb.Map
+
+  PHP
+  * Avoid too much overhead in layout_init (#6716)
+  * Lazily Create Singular Wrapper Message (#6833)
+  * Implement lazy loading of php class for proto messages (#6911)
+
+  Ruby
+  * Ruby lazy wrappers optimization (#6797)
+
+  C#
+  * (RepeatedField): Capacity property to resize the internal array (#6530)
+  * Experimental proto2 support is now officially available (#4642, #5183, #5350, #5936)
+  * Getting started doc: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/docs/csharp/proto2.md
+  * Add length checks to ExtensionCollection (#6759)
+  * Optimize parsing of some primitive and wrapper types (#6843)
+  * Use 3 parameter Encoding.GetString for default string values (#6828)
+  * Change _Extensions property to normal body rather than expression (#6856)
+
+  Objective C
+  * Fixed unaligned reads for 32bit arm with newer Xcode versions (#6678)
+
+
+2019-09-03 version 3.10.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+
+  C++
+  * Switch the proto parser to the faster MOMI parser.
+  * Properly escape Struct keys in the proto3 JSON serializer.
+  * Fix crash on uninitialized map entries.
+  * Informed the compiler of has-bit invariant to produce better code
+  * Unused imports of files defining descriptor extensions will now be reported
+  * Add proto2::util::RemoveSubranges to remove multiple subranges in linear time.
+  * Added BaseTextGenerator::GetCurrentIndentationSize()
+  * Made implicit weak fields compatible with the Apple linker
+  * Support 32 bit values for ProtoStreamObjectWriter to Struct.
+  * Removed the internal-only header coded_stream_inl.h and the internal-only methods defined there.
+  * Enforced no SWIG wrapping of descriptor_database.h (other headers already had this restriction).
+  * Implementation of the equivalent of the MOMI parser for serialization. This removes one of the two serialization routines, by making the fast array serialization routine completely general. SerializeToCodedStream can now be implemented in terms of the much much faster array serialization. The array serialization regresses slightly, but when array serialization is not possible this wins big. 
+  * Do not convert unknown field name to snake case to accurately report error.
+  * Fix a UBSAN warnings. (#6333)
+  * Add podspec for C++ (#6404)
+  * protoc: fix source code info location for missing label (#6436)
+  * C++ Add move constructor for Reflection's SetString (#6477)
+
+  Java
+  * Call loadDescriptor outside of synchronized block to remove one possible source of deadlock.
+  * Have oneof enums implement a separate interface (other than EnumLite) for clarity.
+  * Opensource Android Memory Accessors
+  * Update TextFormat to make use of the new TypeRegistry.
+  * Support getFieldBuilder and getRepeatedFieldBuilder in ExtendableBuilder
+  * Update JsonFormat to make use of the new TypeRegistry.
+  * Add proguard config generator for GmmBenchmarkSuiteLite.
+  * Change ProtobufArrayList to use Object[] instead of ArrayList for 5-10% faster parsing
+  * Implement ProtobufArrayList.add(E) for 20% (5%-40%) faster overall protolite2 parsing
+  * Make a copy of JsonFormat.TypeRegistry at the protobuf top level package. This will eventually replace JsonFormat.TypeRegistry.
+  * Fix javadoc warnings in generated files (#6231)
+  * Java: Add Automatic-Module-Name entries to the Manifest (#6568)
+
+  Python
+  * Add descriptor methods in descriptor_pool are deprecated.
+  * Uses explicit imports to prevent multithread test failures in py3.
+  * Added __delitem__ for Python extension dict
+  * Update six version to 1.12.0 and fix legacy_create_init issue (#6391)
+
+  JavaScript
+  * Remove deprecated boolean option to getResultBase64String().
+  * Fix sint64 zig-zag encoding.
+  * Simplify hash64 string conversion to avoid DIGIT array. Should reduce overhead if these functions aren't used, and be more efficient by avoiding linear array searches.
+  * Change the parameter types of binaryReaderFn in ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo to (number, ?, ?).
+  * Create dates.ts and time_of_days.ts to mirror Java versions. This is a near-identical conversion of c.g.type.util.{Dates,TimeOfDays} respectively.
+  * Migrate moneys to TypeScript.
+  
+  PHP
+  * Fix incorrect leap day for Timestamp (#6696)
+  * Initialize well known type values (#6713)
+
+  Ruby
+  * Fix scope resolution for Google namespace (#5878)
+  * Support hashes for struct initializers (#5716)
+  * Optimized away the creation of empty string objects. (#6502)
+  * Roll forward Ruby upb changes now that protobuf Ruby build is fixed (#5866)
+  * Optimized layout_mark() for Ruby (#6521)
+  * Optimization for layout_init() (#6547)
+  * Fix for GC of Ruby map frames. (#6533)
+  * Fixed leap year handling by reworking upb_mktime() -> upb_timegm(). (#6695)
+  
+  Objective C
+  * Remove OSReadLittle* due to alignment requirements (#6678)
+  * Don't use unions and instead use memcpy for the type swaps. (#6672)
+
+  Other
+  * Override CocoaPods module to lowercase (#6464)
+
+
+2019-06-28 version 3.9.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+
+  C++
+  * Optimize and simplify implementation of RepeatedPtrFieldBase
+  * Don't create unnecessary unknown field sets.
+  * Remove branch from accessors to repeated field element array.
+  * Added delimited parse and serialize util.
+  * Reduce size by not emitting constants for fieldnumbers
+  * Fix a bug when comparing finite and infinite field values with explicit tolerances.
+  * TextFormat::Parser should use a custom Finder to look up extensions by number if one is provided.
+  * Add MessageLite::Utf8DebugString() to make MessageLite more compatible with Message.
+  * Fail fast for better performance in DescriptorPool::FindExtensionByNumber() if descriptor has no defined extensions.
+  * Adding the file name to help debug colliding extensions
+  * Added FieldDescriptor::PrintableNameForExtension() and DescriptorPool::FindExtensionByPrintableName().
+    The latter will replace Reflection::FindKnownExtensionByName().
+  * Replace NULL with nullptr
+  * Created a new Add method in repeated field that allows adding a range of elements all at once.
+  * Enabled enum name-to-value mapping functions for C++ lite
+  * Avoid dynamic initialization in descriptor.proto generated code
+  * Move stream functions to MessageLite from Message.
+  * Move all zero_copy_stream functionality to io_lite.
+  * Do not create array of matched fields for simple repeated fields
+  * Enabling silent mode by default to reduce make compilation noise. (#6237)
+
+  Java
+  * Expose TextFormat.Printer and make it configurable. Deprecate the static methods.
+  * Library for constructing google.protobuf.Struct and google.protobuf.Value
+  * Make OneofDescriptor extend GenericDescriptor.
+  * Expose streamingness of service methods from MethodDescriptor.
+  * Fix a bug where TextFormat fails to parse Any filed with > 1 embedded message sub-fields.
+  * Establish consistent JsonFormat behavior for nulls in oneofs, regardless of order.
+  * Update GSON version to 3.8.5. (#6268)
+  * Add `protobuf_java_lite` Bazel target. (#6177)
+
+  Python
+  * Change implementation of Name() for enums that allow aliases in proto2 in Python
+    to be in line with claims in C++ implementation (to return first value).
+  * Explicitly say what field cannot be set when the new value fails a type check.
+  * Duplicate register in descriptor pool will raise errors
+  * Add __slots__ to all well_known_types classes, custom attributes are not allowed anymore.
+  * text_format only present 8 valid digits for float fields by default
+
+  JavaScript
+  * Add Oneof enum to the list of goog.provide
+
+  PHP
+  * Make php message class final to avoid mocking. (#6277)
+  * Rename get/setXXXValue to get/setXXXWrapper. (#6295)
+
+  Ruby
+  * Remove to_hash methods. (#6166)
+
+
+2019-04-29 version 3.8.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+
+  C++
+  * Use std::atomic<int32> in case of myriad2 platform
+  * Always declare enums to be int-sized
+  * Added DebugString() and ShortDebugString() methods on MessageLite
+  * Specialized different parse loop control flows
+  * Make hasbits potentially in register. The or's start forming an obstacle because it's a read modify store on the same mem address on each iteration.
+  * Move to an internal MACRO for parser validity checks.
+  * Improve map parsing performance.
+  * Make MergePartialFromCodedStream non virtual. This allows direct calls, potential inlining and is also a code health improvement
+  * Add an overall limit to parse_context to prevent reading past it. This allows to remove a annoying level of indirection.
+  * Fix a mistake, we shouldn't verify map key/value strings for utf8 in opt mode for proto2.
+  * Further improvements to cut binary size.
+  * Prepare to make MergePartialFromCodedStream non-virtual.
+  * A report on some interesting behavior change in python (caused by b/27494216) made me realize there is a check that needs to be done in case the parse ended on a end group tag.
+  * Add a note of caution to the comments around skip in CodedOutputStream.
+  * Simplify end check.
+  * Add overload for ParseMessage for MessageLite/Message types. If the explicit type is not known inlining won't help de-virtualizing the virtual call.
+  * Reduce linker input. It turns out that ParseMessage is not inlined, producing  template instantiations that are used only once and save nothing but cost more.
+  * Improve the parser.
+  * [c++17] Changed proto2::RepeatedPtrField iterators to no longer derive from the deprecated std::iterator class.
+  * Change the default value of case_insensitive_enum_parsing to false for JsonStringToMessage.
+  * Add a warning if a field name doesn't match the style guide.
+  * Fix TextFormat not round-trip correctly when float value is max float.
+  * Added locationed info for some errors at compiler
+  * Python reserved keywords are now working with getattr()/setattr() for most descriptors.
+  * Added AllowUnknownField() in text_format
+  * Append '_' to C++ reserved keywords for message, enum, extension
+  * Fix MSVC warning C4244 in protobuf's parse_context.h.
+  * Updating Iterators to be compatible with C++17 in MSVC.
+  * Use capability annotation in mutex.h
+  * Fix "UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer: cfi-bad-type"
+  * CriticalSectionLock class as a lightweight replacement for std::mutex on Windows platforms.
+  * Removed vestigial wire_format_lite_inl.h
+
+  C#
+  * Added System.Memory dependency.
+
+  Java
+  * Make Java protoc code generator ignore optimize_for LITE_RUNTIME. Users should instead use the Java lite protoc plugin.
+  * Change Extension getMessageDefaultInstance() to return Message instead of MessageLite.
+  * Prevent malicious input streams from leaking buffers for ByteString or ByteBuffer parsing.
+  * Release new Javalite runtime.
+  * Show warning in case potential file name conflict.
+  * Allow Java reserved keywords to be used in extensions.
+  * Added setAllowUnknownFields() in text format
+  * Add memoization to ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry()
+  * Improve performance of CodedOutputStream.writeUInt32NoTag
+  * Add an optimized mismatch-finding algorithm to UnsafeUtil.
+  * When serializing uint32 varints, check that we have MAX_VARINT32_SIZE bytes left, not just MAX_VARINT_SIZE.
+  * Minor optimization to RopeByteString.PieceIterator
+
+  JavaScript
+  * Simplify generated toObject code when the default value is used.
+
+  Python
+  * Changes implementation of Name() for enums that allow aliases in proto2 in Python to be in line with claims in C++ implementation (to return first value).
+  * Added double_format option in text format printer.
+  * Added iter and __contains__ to extension dict
+  * Added allow_unknown_field option in python text format parser
+  * Fixed Timestamp.ToDatetime() loses precision issue
+  * Support unknown field in text format printer.
+  * Float field will be convert to inf if bigger than struct.unpack('f', b'\xff\xff\x7f\x7f')[0] which is about 3.4028234664e+38,
+  convert to -inf if smaller than -3.4028234664e+38
+  * Allowed casting str->bytes in Message.__setstate__
+
+  Ruby
+  * Helper methods to get enum name for Ruby.
+
+
+2019-01-24 version 3.7.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+
+  C++
+  * Introduced new MOMI (maybe-outside-memory-interval) parser.
+  * Add an option to json_util to parse enum as case-insensitive. In the future, enum parsing in json_util will become case-sensitive.
+  * Added conformance test for enum aliases
+  * Added support for --cpp_out=speed:...
+  * Added use of C++ override keyword where appropriate
+  * Many other cleanups and fixes.
+
+  Java
+  * Fix illegal reflective access warning in JDK 9+
+  * Add BOM
+
+  Python
+  * Added Python 3.7 compatibility.
+  * Modified ParseFromString to return bytes parsed .
+  * Introduce Proto C API.
+  * FindFileContainingSymbol in descriptor pool is now able to find field and enum values.
+  * reflection.MakeClass()  and  reflection.ParseMessage() are deprecated.
+  * Added DescriptorPool.FindMethodByName() method in pure python (c extension alreay has it)
+  * Flipped proto3 to preserve unknown fields by default.
+  * Added support for memoryview in python3 proto message parsing.
+  * Added MergeFrom for repeated scalar fields in c extension (pure python already has it)
+  * Surrogates are now rejected at setters in python3.
+  * Added public unknown field API.
+  * RecursionLimit is also set to max if allow_oversize_protos is enabled.
+  * Disallow duplicate scalars in proto3 text_format parse.
+  * Fix some segment faults for c extension map field.
+
+  PHP
+  * Most issues for json encoding/decoding in the c extension have been fixed. There are still some edge cases not fixed. For more details, check conformance/failure_list_php_c.txt.
+  * Supports php 7.3
+  * Added helper methods to convert between enum values and names.
+  * Allow setting/getting wrapper message fields using primitive values.
+  * Various bug fixes.
+
+  Ruby
+  * Ruby 2.6 support.
+  * Drops support for ruby < 2.3.
+  * Most issues for json encoding/decoding in the c extension have been fixed. There are still some edge cases not fixed. For more details, check conformance/failure_list_ruby.txt.
+  * Json parsing can specify an option to ignore unknown fields: msg.decode_json(data, {ignore_unknown_fields: true}).
+  * Added support for proto2 syntax (partially).
+  * Various bug fixes.
+
+  Csharp
+  * More support for FieldMask include merge, intersect and more.
+  * Increasing the default recursion limit to 100.
+  * Support loading FileDescriptors dynamically.
+  * Provide access to comments from descriptors.
+  * Added Any.Is method.
+  * Compatible with C# 6
+  * Added IComparable and comparison operators on Timestamp.
+
+  Objective C
+  * Add ability to introspect list of enum values (#4678)
+  * Copy the value when setting message/data fields (#5215)
+  * Support suppressing the objc package prefix checks on a list of files (#5309)
+  * More complete keyword and NSObject method (via categories) checks for field names, can result in more fields being rename, but avoids the collisions at runtime (#5289)
+  * Small fixes to TextFormat generation for extensions (#5362)
+  * Provide more details/context in deprecation messages (#5412)
+  * Array/Dictionary enumeration blocks NS_NOESCAPE annotation for Swift (#5421)
+  * Properly annotate extensions for ARC when their names imply behaviors (#5427)
+  * Enum alias name collision improvements (#5480)
+
+
+2018-07-27 version 3.6.1 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+
+  C++
+  * Introduced workaround for Windows issue with std::atomic and std::once_flag
+    initialization (#4777, #4773).
+
+  PHP
+  * Added compatibility with PHP 7.3 (#4898).
+
+  Ruby
+  * Fixed Ruby crash involving Any encoding (#4718).
+
+2018-06-01 version 3.6.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+
+  C++
+  * Starting from this release, we now require C++11. For those we cannot yet
+    upgrade to C++11, we will try to keep the 3.5.x branch updated with
+    critical bug fixes only. If you have any concerns about this, please
+    comment on issue #2780.
+  * Moved to C++11 types like std::atomic and std::unique_ptr and away from our
+    old custom-built equivalents.
+  * Added support for repeated message fields in lite protos using implicit
+    weak fields. This is an experimental feature that allows the linker to
+    strip out more unused messages than previously was possible.
+  * Fixed SourceCodeInfo for interpreted options and extension range options.
+  * Fixed always_print_enums_as_ints option for JSON serialization.
+  * Added support for ignoring unknown enum values when parsing JSON.
+  * Create std::string in Arena memory.
+  * Fixed ValidateDateTime to correctly check the day.
+  * Fixed bug in ZeroCopyStreamByteSink.
+  * Various other cleanups and fixes.
+
+  Java
+  * Dropped support for Java 6.
+  * Added a UTF-8 decoder that uses Unsafe to directly decode a byte buffer.
+  * Added deprecation annotations to generated code for deprecated oneof
+    fields.
+  * Fixed map field serialization in DynamicMessage.
+  * Cleanup and documentation for Java Lite runtime.
+  * Various other fixes and cleanups
+  * Fixed unboxed arraylists to handle an edge case
+  * Improved performance for copying between unboxed arraylists
+  * Fixed lite protobuf to avoid Java compiler warnings
+  * Improved test coverage for lite runtime
+  * Performance improvements for lite runtime
+
+  Python
+  * Fixed bytes/string map key incompatibility between C++ and pure-Python
+    implementations (issue #4029)
+  * Added __init__.py files to compiler and util subpackages
+  * Use /MT for all Windows versions
+  * Fixed an issue affecting the Python-C++ implementation when used with
+    Cython (issue #2896)
+  * Various text format fixes
+  * Various fixes to resolve behavior differences between the pure-Python and
+    Python-C++ implementations
+
+  PHP
+  * Added php_metadata_namespace to control the file path of generated metadata
+    file.
+  * Changed generated classes of nested message/enum. E.g., Foo.Bar, which
+    previously generates Foo_Bar, now generates Foo/Bar
+  * Added array constructor. When creating a message, users can pass a php
+    array whose content is field name to value pairs into constructor. The
+    created message will be initialized according to the array. Note that
+    message field should use a message value instead of a sub-array.
+  * Various bug fixes.
+
+  Objective-C
+  * We removed some helper class methods from GPBDictionary to shrink the size
+    of the library, the functionary is still there, but you may need to do some
+    specific +alloc / -init… methods instead.
+  * Minor improvements in the performance of object field getters/setters by
+    avoiding some memory management overhead.
+  * Fix a memory leak during the raising of some errors.
+  * Make header importing completely order independent.
+  * Small code improvements for things the undefined behaviors compiler option
+    was flagging.
+
+  Ruby
+  * Added ruby_package file option to control the module of generated class.
+  * Various bug fixes.
+
+  Javascript
+  * Allow setting string to int64 field.
+
+  Csharp
+  * Unknown fields are now parsed and then sent back on the wire. They can be
+    discarded at parse time via a CodedInputStream option.
+  * Movement towards working with .NET 3.5 and Unity
+  * Expression trees are no longer used
+  * AOT generics issues in Unity/il2cpp have a workaround (see this commit for
+    details)
+  * Floating point values are now compared bitwise (affects NaN value
+    comparisons)
+  * The default size limit when parsing is now 2GB rather than 64MB
+  * MessageParser now supports parsing from a slice of a byte array
+  * JSON list parsing now accepts null values where the underlying proto
+    representation does
+
+2017-12-20 version 3.5.1 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+  Planned Future Changes
+  * Make C++ implementation C++11 only: we plan to require C++11 to build
+    protobuf code starting from 3.6.0 release. Please join this github issue:
+    https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/2780 to provide your feedback.
+
+  protoc
+  * Fixed a bug introduced in 3.5.0 and protoc in Windows now accepts non-ascii
+    characters in paths again.
+
+  C++
+  * Removed several usages of C++11 features in the code base.
+  * Fixed some compiler warnings.
+
+  PHP
+  * Fixed memory leak in C-extension implementation.
+  * Added discardUnknokwnFields API.
+  * Removed duplicatd typedef in C-extension headers.
+  * Avoided calling private php methods (timelib_update_ts).
+  * Fixed Any.php to use fully-qualified name for DescriptorPool.
+
+  Ruby
+  * Added Google_Protobuf_discard_unknown for discarding unknown fields in
+    messages.
+
+  C#
+  * Unknown fields are now preserved by default.
+  * Floating point values are now bitwise compared, affecting message equality
+    check and Contains() API in map and repeated fields.
+
+
+2017-11-13 version 3.5.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+  Planned Future Changes
+  * Make C++ implementation C++11 only: we plan to require C++11 to build
+    protobuf code starting from 3.6.0 release. Please join this github issue:
+    https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/2780 to provide your feedback.
+
+  General
+  * Unknown fields are now preserved in proto3 for most of the language
+    implementations for proto3 by default. See the per-language section for
+    details.
+  * reserve keyword are now supported in enums
+
+  C++
+  * Proto3 messages are now preserving unknown fields by default. If you rely on
+    unknowns fields being dropped. Please use DiscardUnknownFields() explicitly.
+  * Deprecated the unsafe_arena_release_* and unsafe_arena_add_allocated_*
+    methods for string fields.
+  * Added move constructor and move assignment to RepeatedField,
+    RepeatedPtrField and google::protobuf::Any.
+  * Added perfect forwarding in Arena::CreateMessage
+  * In-progress experimental support for implicit weak fields with lite protos.
+    This feature allows the linker to strip out more unused messages and reduce
+    binary size.
+  * Various performance optimizations.
+
+  Java
+  * Proto3 messages are now preserving unknown fields by default. If you’d like
+    to drop unknown fields, please use the DiscardUnknownFieldsParser API. For
+    example:
+      Parser<Foo> parser = DiscardUnknownFieldsParser.wrap(Foo.parser());
+      Foo foo = parser.parseFrom(input);
+  * Added a new CodedInputStream decoder for Iterable<ByteBuffer> with direct
+    ByteBuffers.
+  * TextFormat now prints unknown length-delimited fields as messages if
+    possible.
+  * FieldMaskUtil.merge() no longer creates unnecessary empty messages when a
+    message field is unset in both source message and destination message.
+  * Various performance optimizations.
+
+  Python
+  * Proto3 messages are now preserving unknown fields by default. Use
+    message.DiscardUnknownFields() to drop unknown fields.
+  * Add FieldDescriptor.file in generated code.
+  * Add descriptor pool FindOneofByName in pure python.
+  * Change unknown enum values into unknown field set .
+  * Add more Python dict/list compatibility for Struct/ListValue.
+  * Add utf-8 support for text_format.Merge()/Parse().
+  * Support numeric unknown enum values for proto3 JSON format.
+  * Add warning for Unexpected end-group tag in cpp extension.
+
+  PHP
+  * Proto3 messages are now preserving unknown fields.
+  * Provide well known type messages in runtime.
+  * Add prefix ‘PB’ to generated class of reserved names.
+  * Fixed all conformance tests for encode/decode json in php runtime. C
+    extension needs more work.
+
+  Objective-C
+  * Fixed some issues around copying of messages with unknown fields and then
+    mutating the unknown fields in the copy.
+
+  C#
+  * Added unknown field support in JsonParser.
+  * Fixed oneof message field merge.
+  * Simplify parsing messages from array slices.
+
+  Ruby
+  * Unknown fields are now preserved by default.
+  * Fixed several bugs for segment fault.
+
+  Javascript
+  * Decoder can handle both paced and unpacked data no matter how the proto is
+    defined.
+  * Decoder now accept long varint for 32 bit integers.
+
+
+2017-08-14 version 3.4.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+  Planned Future Changes
+  * There are some changes that are not included in this release but are planned
+    for the near future
+      - Preserve unknown fields in proto3: We are going to bring unknown fields
+        back into proto3. In this release, some languages start to support
+        preserving unknown fields in proto3, controlled by flags/options. Some
+        languages also introduce explicit APIs to drop unknown fields for
+        migration. Please read the change log sections by languages for details.
+        For general timeline and plan:
+
+          https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KMRX-G91Aa-Y2FkEaHeeviLRRNblgIahbsk4wA14gRk/view
+
+        For issues and discussions:
+
+          https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/272
+
+      - Make C++ implementation C++11 only: we plan to require C++11 to build
+        protobuf code starting from 3.5.0 or 3.6.0 release, after unknown fields
+        semantic changes are finished. Please join this
+        github issue:
+
+          https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/2780
+
+        to provide your feedback.
+
+  General
+  * Extension ranges now accept options and are customizable.
+  * "reserve" keyword now supports “max� in field number ranges,
+    e.g.  reserve 1000 to max;
+
+  C++
+  * Proto3 messages are now able to preserve unknown fields. The default
+    behavior is still to drop unknowns, which will be flipped in a future
+    release. If you rely on unknowns fields being dropped. Please use
+    Message::DiscardUnknownFields() explicitly.
+  * Packable proto3 fields are now packed by default in serialization.
+  * Following C++11 features are introduced when C++11 is available:
+      - move-constructor and move-assignment are introduced to messages
+      - Repeated fields constructor now takes std::initializer_list
+      - rvalue setters are introduced for string fields
+  * Experimental Table-Driven parsing and serialization available to test. To
+    enable it, pass in table_driven_parsing table_driven_serialization protoc
+    generator flags for C++
+
+      $ protoc --cpp_out=table_driven_parsing,table_driven_serialization:./ \
+        test.proto
+
+  * lite generator parameter supported by the generator. Once set, all generated
+    files, use lite runtime regardless of the optimizer_for setting in the
+    .proto file.
+  * Various optimizations to make C++ code more performant on PowerPC platform
+  * Fixed maps data corruption when the maps are modified by both reflection API
+    and generated API.
+  * Deterministic serialization on maps reflection now uses stable sort.
+  * file() accessors are introduced to various *Descriptor classes to make
+    writing template function easier.
+  * ByteSize() and SpaceUsed() are deprecated.Use ByteSizeLong() and
+    SpaceUsedLong() instead
+  * Consistent hash function is used for maps in DEBUG and NDEBUG build.
+  * "using namespace std" is removed from stubs/common.h
+  * Various performance optimizations and bug fixes
+
+  Java
+  * Introduced new parser API DiscardUnknownFieldsParser in preparation of
+    proto3 unknown fields preservation change. Users who want to drop unknown
+    fields should migrate to use this new parser API. For example:
+
+      Parser<Foo> parser = DiscardUnknownFieldsParser.wrap(Foo.parser());
+      Foo foo = parser.parseFrom(input);
+
+  * Introduced new TextFormat API printUnicodeFieldValue() that prints field
+    value without escaping unicode characters.
+  * Added Durations.compare(Duration, Duration) and
+    Timestamps.compare(Timestamp, Timestamp).
+  * JsonFormat now accepts base64url encoded bytes fields.
+  * Optimized CodedInputStream to do less copies when parsing large bytes
+    fields.
+  * Optimized TextFormat to allocate less memory when printing.
+
+  Python
+  * SerializeToString API is changed to SerializeToString(self, **kwargs),
+    deterministic parameter is accepted for deterministic serialization.
+  * Added sort_keys parameter in json format to make the output deterministic.
+  * Added indent parameter in json format.
+  * Added extension support in json format.
+  * Added __repr__ support for repeated field in cpp implementation.
+  * Added file in FieldDescriptor.
+  * Added pretty-print filter to text format.
+  * Services and method descriptors are always printed even if generic_service
+    option is turned off.
+  * Note: AppEngine 2.5 is deprecated on June 2017 that AppEngine 2.5 will
+    never update protobuf runtime. Users who depend on AppEngine 2.5 should use
+    old protoc.
+
+  PHP
+  * Support PHP generic services. Specify file option php_generic_service=true
+    to enable generating service interface.
+  * Message, repeated and map fields setters take value instead of reference.
+  * Added map iterator in c extension.
+  * Support json  encode/decode.
+  * Added more type info in getter/setter phpdoc
+  * Fixed the problem that c extension and php implementation cannot be used
+    together.
+  * Added file option php_namespace to use custom php namespace instead of
+    package.
+  * Added fluent setter.
+  * Added descriptor API in runtime for custom encode/decode.
+  * Various bug fixes.
+
+  Objective-C
+  * Fix for GPBExtensionRegistry copying and add tests.
+  * Optimize GPBDictionary.m codegen to reduce size of overall library by 46K
+    per architecture.
+  * Fix some cases of reading of 64bit map values.
+  * Properly error on a tag with field number zero.
+  * Preserve unknown fields in proto3 syntax files.
+  * Document the exceptions on some of the writing apis.
+
+  C#
+  * Implemented IReadOnlyDictionary<K,V> in MapField<K,V>
+  * Added TryUnpack method for Any message in addition to Unpack.
+  * Converted C# projects to MSBuild (csproj) format.
+
+  Ruby
+  * Several bug fixes.
+
+  Javascript
+  * Added support of field option js_type. Now one can specify the JS type of a
+    64-bit integer field to be string in the generated code by adding option
+    [jstype = JS_STRING] on the field.
+
+2017-04-05 version 3.3.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
+  Planned Future Changes
+  * There are some changes that are not included in this release but are
+    planned for the near future:
+      - Preserve unknown fields in proto3: please read this doc:
+
+          https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KMRX-G91Aa-Y2FkEaHeeviLRRNblgIahbsk4wA14gRk/view
+
+        for the timeline and follow up this github issue:
+
+          https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/272
+
+        for discussion.
+      - Make C++ implementation C++11 only: we plan to require C++11 to build
+        protobuf code starting from 3.4.0 or 3.5.0 release. Please join this
+        github issue:
+
+          https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/2780
+
+        to provide your feedback.
+
+  C++
+  * Fixed map fields serialization of DynamicMessage to correctly serialize
+    both key and value regardless of their presence.
+  * Parser now rejects field number 0 correctly.
+  * New API Message::SpaceUsedLong() that’s equivalent to
+    Message::SpaceUsed() but returns the value in size_t.
+  * JSON support
+    - New flag always_print_enums_as_ints in JsonPrintOptions.
+    - New flag preserve_proto_field_names in JsonPrintOptions. It will instruct
+      the JSON printer to use the original field name declared in the .proto
+      file instead of converting them to lowerCamelCase when printing JSON.
+    - JsonPrintOptions.always_print_primtive_fields now works for oneof message
+      fields.
+    - Fixed a bug that doesn’t allow different fields to set the same json_name
+      value.
+    - Fixed a performance bug that causes excessive memory copy when printing
+      large messages.
+  * Various performance optimizations.
+
+  Java
+  * Map field setters eagerly validate inputs and throw NullPointerExceptions
+    as appropriate.
+  * Added ByteBuffer overloads to the generated parsing methods and the Parser
+    interface.
+  * proto3 enum's getNumber() method now throws on UNRECOGNIZED values.
+  * Output of JsonFormat is now locale independent.
+
+  Python
+  * Added FindServiceByName() in the pure-Python DescriptorPool. This works only
+    for descriptors added with DescriptorPool.Add(). Generated descriptor_pool
+    does not support this yet.
+  * Added a descriptor_pool parameter for parsing Any in text_format.Parse().
+  * descriptor_pool.FindFileContainingSymbol() now is able to find nested
+    extensions.
+  * Extending empty [] to repeated field now sets parent message presence.
+
+  PHP
+  * Added file option php_class_prefix. The prefix will be prepended to all
+    generated classes defined in the file.
+  * When encoding, negative int32 values are sign-extended to int64.
+  * Repeated/Map field setter accepts a regular PHP array. Type checking is
+    done on the array elements.
+  * encode/decode are renamed to serializeToString/mergeFromString.
+  * Added mergeFrom, clear method on Message.
+  * Fixed a bug that oneof accessor didn’t return the field name that is
+    actually set.
+  * C extension now works with php7.
+  * This is the first GA release of PHP. We guarantee that old generated code
+    can always work with new runtime and new generated code.
+
+  Objective-C
+  * Fixed help for GPBTimestamp for dates before the epoch that contain
+    fractional seconds.
+  * Added GPBMessageDropUnknownFieldsRecursively() to remove unknowns from a
+    message and any sub messages.
+  * Addressed a threading race in extension registration/lookup.
+  * Increased the max message parsing depth to 100 to match the other languages.
+  * Removed some use of dispatch_once in favor of atomic compare/set since it
+    needs to be heap based.
+  * Fixes for new Xcode 8.3 warnings.
+
+  C#
+  * Fixed MapField.Values.CopyTo, which would throw an exception unnecessarily
+    if provided exactly the right size of array to copy to.
+  * Fixed enum JSON formatting when multiple names mapped to the same numeric
+    value.
+  * Added JSON formatting option to format enums as integers.
+  * Modified RepeatedField<T> to implement IReadOnlyList<T>.
+  * Introduced the start of custom option handling; it's not as pleasant as it
+    might be, but the information is at least present. We expect to extend code
+    generation to improve this in the future.
+  * Introduced ByteString.FromStream and ByteString.FromStreamAsync to
+    efficiently create a ByteString from a stream.
+  * Added whole-message deprecation, which decorates the class with [Obsolete].
+
+  Ruby
+  * Fixed Message#to_h for messages with map fields.
+  * Fixed memcpy() in binary gems to work for old glibc, without breaking the
+    build for non-glibc libc’s like musl.
+
+  Javascript
+  * Added compatibility tests for version 3.0.0.
+  * Added conformance tests.
+  * Fixed serialization of extensions: we need to emit a value even if it is
+    falsy (like the number 0).
+  * Use closurebuilder.py in favor of calcdeps.py for compiling JavaScript.
+
+2017-01-23 version 3.2.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Ruby/Objective-C/C#/JavaScript/Lite)
+  General
+  * Added protoc version number to protoc plugin protocol. It can be used by
+    protoc plugin to detect which version of protoc is used with the plugin and
+    mitigate known problems in certain version of protoc.
+
+  C++
+  * The default parsing byte size limit has been raised from 64MB to 2GB.
+  * Added rvalue setters for non-arena string fields.
+  * Enabled debug logging for Android.
+  * Fixed a double-free problem when using Reflection::SetAllocatedMessage()
+    with extension fields.
+  * Fixed several deterministic serialization bugs:
+    * MessageLite::SerializeAsString() now respects the global deterministic
+      serialization flag.
+    * Extension fields are serialized deterministically as well.  Fixed protocol
+      compiler to correctly report importing-self as an error.
+  * Fixed FileDescriptor::DebugString() to print custom options correctly.
+  * Various performance/codesize optimizations and cleanups.
+
+  Java
+  * The default parsing byte size limit has been raised from 64MB to 2GB.
+  * Added recursion limit when parsing JSON.
+  * Fixed a bug that enumType.getDescriptor().getOptions() doesn't have custom
+    options.
+  * Fixed generated code to support field numbers up to 2^29-1.
+
+  Python
+  * You can now assign NumPy scalars/arrays (np.int32, np.int64) to protobuf
+    fields, and assigning other numeric types has been optimized for
+    performance.
+  * Pure-Python: message types are now garbage-collectable.
+  * Python/C++: a lot of internal cleanup/refactoring.
+
+  PHP (Alpha)
+  * For 64-bit integers type (int64/uint64/sfixed64/fixed64/sint64), use PHP
+    integer on 64-bit environment and PHP string on 32-bit environment.
+  * PHP generated code also conforms to PSR-4 now.
+  * Fixed ZTS build for c extension.
+  * Fixed c extension build on Mac.
+  * Fixed c extension build on 32-bit linux.
+  * Fixed the bug that message without namespace is not found in the descriptor
+    pool. (#2240)
+  * Fixed the bug that repeated field is not iterable in c extension.
+  * Message names Empty will be converted to GPBEmpty in generated code.
+  * Added phpdoc in generated files.
+  * The released API is almost stable. Unless there is large problem, we won't
+    change it. See
+    https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/php-generated
+    for more details.
+
+  Objective-C
+  * Added support for push/pop of the stream limit on CodedInputStream for
+    anyone doing manual parsing.
+
+  C#
+  * No changes.
+
+  Ruby
+  * Message objects now support #respond_to? for field getters/setters.
+  * You can now compare “message == non_message_object� and it will return false
+    instead of throwing an exception.
+  * JRuby: fixed #hashCode to properly reflect the values in the message.
+
+  Javascript
+  * Deserialization of repeated fields no longer has quadratic performance
+    behavior.
+  * UTF-8 encoding/decoding now properly supports high codepoints.
+  * Added convenience methods for some well-known types: Any, Struct, and
+    Timestamp. These make it easier to convert data between native JavaScript
+    types and the well-known protobuf types.
+
+2016-09-23 version 3.1.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Ruby/Objective-C/C#/JavaScript/Lite)
+  General
+  * Proto3 support in PHP (alpha).
+  * Various bug fixes.
+
+  C++
+  * Added MessageLite::ByteSizeLong() that’s equivalent to
+    MessageLite::ByteSize() but returns the value in size_t. Useful to check
+    whether a message is over the 2G size limit that protobuf can support.
+  * Moved default_instances to global variables. This allows default_instance
+    addresses to be known at compile time.
+  * Adding missing generic gcc 64-bit atomicops.
+  * Restore New*Callback into google::protobuf namespace since these are used
+    by the service stubs code
+  * JSON support.
+    * Fixed some conformance issues.
+  * Fixed a JSON serialization bug for bytes fields.
+
+  Java
+  * Fixed a bug in TextFormat that doesn’t accept empty repeated fields (i.e.,
+    “field: [ ]�).
+  * JSON support
+    * Fixed JsonFormat to do correct snake_case-to-camelCase conversion for
+      non-style-conforming field names.
+    * Fixed JsonFormat to parse empty Any message correctly.
+    * Added an option to JsonFormat.Parser to ignore unknown fields.
+  * Experimental API
+    * Added UnsafeByteOperations.unsafeWrap(byte[]) to wrap a byte array into
+      ByteString without copy.
+
+  Python
+  * JSON support
+    * Fixed some conformance issues.
+
+  PHP (Alpha)
+  * We have added the proto3 support for PHP via both a pure PHP package and a
+    native c extension. The pure PHP package is intended to provide usability
+    to wider range of PHP platforms, while the c extension is intended to
+    provide higher performance. Both implementations provide the same runtime
+    APIs and share the same generated code. Users don’t need to re-generate
+    code for the same proto definition when they want to switch the
+    implementation later. The pure PHP package is included in the php/src
+    directory, and the c extension is included in the php/ext directory.
+
+    Both implementations provide idiomatic PHP APIs:
+    * All messages and enums are defined as PHP classes.
+    * All message fields can only be accessed via getter/setter.
+    * Both repeated field elements and map elements are stored in containers
+      that act like a normal PHP array.
+
+    Unlike several existing third-party PHP implementations for protobuf, our
+    implementations are built on a "strongly-typed" philosophy: message fields
+    and array/map containers will throw exceptions eagerly when values of the
+    incorrect type (not including those that can be type converted, e.g.,
+    double <-> integer <-> numeric string) are inserted.
+
+    Currently, pure PHP runtime supports php5.5, 5.6 and 7 on linux. C
+    extension runtime supports php5.5 and 5.6 on linux.
+
+    See php/README.md for more details about installment. See
+    https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/phptutorial for more
+    details about APIs.
+
+  Objective-C
+  * Helpers are now provided for working the Any well known type (see
+    GPBWellKnownTypes.h for the api additions).
+  * Some improvements in startup code (especially when extensions aren’t used).
+
+  Javascript
+  * Fixed missing import of jspb.Map
+  * Fixed valueWriterFn variable name
+
+  Ruby
+  * Fixed hash computation for JRuby's RubyMessage
+  * Make sure map parsing frames are GC-rooted.
+  * Added API support for well-known types.
+
+  C#
+  * Removed check on dependency in the C# reflection API.
+
+2016-09-06 version 3.0.2 (C++/Java/Python/Ruby/Objective-C/C#/JavaScript/Lite)
+  General
+  * Various bug fixes.
+
+  Objective C
+  * Fix for oneofs in proto3 syntax files where fields were set to the zero
+    value.
+  * Fix for embedded null character in strings.
+  * CocoaDocs support
+
+  Ruby
+  * Fixed memory corruption bug in parsing that could occur under GC pressure.
+
+  Javascript
+  * jspb.Map is now properly exported to CommonJS modules.
+
+  C#
+  * Removed legacy_enum_values flag.
+
+
+2016-07-27 version 3.0.0 (C++/Java/Python/Ruby/Objective-C/C#/JavaScript/Lite)
+  General
+  * This log only contains changes since the beta-4 release. Summarized change
+    log since the last stable release (v2.6.1) can be found in the github
+    release page.
+
+  Compatibility Notice
+  * v3.0.0 is the first API stable release of the v3.x series. We do not expect
+    any future API breaking changes.
+  * For C++, Java Lite and Objective-C, source level compatibility is
+    guaranteed.  Upgrading from v3.0.0 to newer minor version releases will be
+    source compatible. For example, if your code compiles against protobuf
+    v3.0.0, it will continue to compile after you upgrade protobuf library to
+    v3.1.0.
+  * For other languages, both source level compatibility and binary level
+    compatibility are guaranteed. For example, if you have a Java binary built
+    against protobuf v3.0.0. After switching the protobuf runtime binary to
+    v3.1.0, your built binary should continue to work.
+  * Compatibility is only guaranteed for documented API and documented
+    behaviors. If you are using undocumented API (e.g., use anything in the C++
+    internal namespace), it can be broken by minor version releases in an
+    undetermined manner.
+
+  Ruby
+  * When you assign a string field `a.string_field = "X"`, we now call
+    #encode(UTF-8) on the string and freeze the copy. This saves you from
+    needing to ensure the string is already encoded as UTF-8. It also prevents
+    you from mutating the string after it has been assigned (this is how we
+    ensure it stays valid UTF-8).
+  * The generated file for `foo.proto` is now `foo_pb.rb` instead of just
+    `foo.rb`. This makes it easier to see which imports/requires are from
+    protobuf generated code, and also prevents conflicts with any `foo.rb` file
+    you might have written directly in Ruby. It is a backward-incompatible
+    change: you will need to update all of your `require` statements.
+  * For package names like `foo_bar`, we now translate this to the Ruby module
+    `FooBar`. This is more idiomatic Ruby than what we used to do (`Foo_bar`).
+
+  JavaScript
+  * Scalar fields like numbers and boolean now return defaults instead of
+    `undefined` or `null` when they are unset. You can test for presence
+    explicitly by calling `hasFoo()`, which we now generate for scalar fields.
+
+  Java Lite
+  * Java Lite is now implemented as a separate plugin, maintained in the
+    `javalite` branch. Both lite runtime and protoc artifacts will be available
+    in Maven.
+
+  C#
+  * Target platforms now .NET 4.5, selected portable subsets and .NET Core.
+  * legacy_enum_values option is no longer supported.
+
+2016-07-15 version 3.0.0-beta-4 (C++/Java/Python/Ruby/Objective-C/C#/JavaScript)
+  General
+  * Added a deterministic serialization API for C++. The deterministic
+    serialization guarantees that given a binary, equal messages will be
+    serialized to the same bytes. This allows applications like MapReduce to
+    group equal messages based on the serialized bytes. The deterministic
+    serialization is, however, NOT canonical across languages; it is also
+    unstable across different builds with schema changes due to unknown fields.
+    Users who need canonical serialization, e.g. persistent storage in a
+    canonical form, fingerprinting, etc, should define their own
+    canonicalization specification and implement the serializer using reflection
+    APIs rather than relying on this API.
+  * Added OneofOptions. You can now define custom options for oneof groups.
+      import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+      extend google.protobuf.OneofOptions {
+        optional int32 my_oneof_extension = 12345;
+      }
+      message Foo {
+        oneof oneof_group {
+          (my_oneof_extension) = 54321;
+          ...
+        }
+      }
+
+  C++ (beta)
+  * Introduced a deterministic serialization API in
+    CodedOutputStream::SetSerializationDeterministic(bool). See the notes about
+    deterministic serialization in the General section.
+  * Added google::protobuf::Map::swap() to swap two map fields.
+  * Fixed a memory leak when calling Reflection::ReleaseMessage() on a message
+    allocated on arena.
+  * Improved error reporting when parsing text format protos.
+  * JSON
+      - Added a new parser option to ignore unknown fields when parsing JSON.
+      - Added convenient methods for message to/from JSON conversion.
+  * Various performance optimizations.
+
+  Java (beta)
+  * File option "java_generate_equals_and_hash" is now deprecated. equals() and
+    hashCode() methods are generated by default.
+  * Added a new JSON printer option "omittingInsignificantWhitespace" to produce
+    a more compact JSON output. The printer will pretty-print by default.
+  * Updated Java runtime to be compatible with 2.5.0/2.6.1 generated protos.
+
+  Python (beta)
+  * Added support to pretty print Any messages in text format.
+  * Added a flag to ignore unknown fields when parsing JSON.
+  * Bugfix: "@type" field of a JSON Any message is now correctly put before
+    other fields.
+
+  Objective-C (beta)
+  * Updated the code to support compiling with more compiler warnings
+    enabled. (Issue 1616)
+  * Exposing more detailed errors for parsing failures. (PR 1623)
+  * Small (breaking) change to the naming of some methods on the support classes
+    for map<>. There were collisions with the system provided KVO support, so
+    the names were changed to avoid those issues.  (PR 1699)
+  * Fixed for proper Swift bridging of error handling during parsing. (PR 1712)
+  * Complete support for generating sources that will go into a Framework and
+    depend on generated sources from other Frameworks. (Issue 1457)
+
+  C# (beta)
+  * RepeatedField optimizations.
+  * Support for .NET Core.
+  * Minor bug fixes.
+  * Ability to format a single value in JsonFormatter (advanced usage only).
+  * Modifications to attributes applied to generated code.
+
+  Javascript (alpha)
+  * Maps now have a real map API instead of being treated as repeated fields.
+  * Well-known types are now provided in the google-protobuf package, and the
+    code generator knows to require() them from that package.
+  * Bugfix: non-canonical varints are correctly decoded.
+
+  Ruby (alpha)
+  * Accessors for oneof fields now return default values instead of nil.
+
+  Java Lite
+  * Java lite support is removed from protocol compiler. It will be supported
+    as a protocol compiler plugin in a separate code branch.
+
+2016-05-16 version 3.0.0-beta-3 (C++/Java/Python/Ruby/Nano/Objective-C/C#/JavaScript)
+  General
+  * Supported Proto3 lite-runtime in C++/Java for mobile platforms.
+  * Any type now supports APIs to specify prefixes other than
+    type.googleapis.com
+  * Removed javanano_use_deprecated_package option; Nano will always has its own
+    ".nano" package.
+
+  C++ (Beta)
+  * Improved hash maps.
+      - Improved hash maps comments. In particular, please note that equal hash
+        maps will not necessarily have the same iteration order and
+        serialization.
+      - Added a new hash maps implementation that will become the default in a
+        later release.
+  * Arenas
+      - Several inlined methods in Arena were moved to out-of-line to improve
+        build performance and code size.
+      - Added SpaceAllocatedAndUsed() to report both space used and allocated
+      - Added convenient class UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter
+  * Any
+      - Allow custom type URL prefixes in Any packing.
+      - TextFormat now expand the Any type rather than printing bytes.
+  * Performance optimizations and various bug fixes.
+
+  Java (Beta)
+  * Introduced an ExperimentalApi annotation. Annotated APIs are experimental
+    and are subject to change in a backward incompatible way in future releases.
+  * Introduced zero-copy serialization as an ExperimentalApi
+      - Introduction of the `ByteOutput` interface. This is similar to
+        `OutputStream` but provides semantics for lazy writing (i.e. no
+        immediate copy required) of fields that are considered to be immutable.
+      - `ByteString` now supports writing to a `ByteOutput`, which will directly
+        expose the internals of the `ByteString` (i.e. `byte[]` or `ByteBuffer`)
+        to the `ByteOutput` without copying.
+      - `CodedOutputStream` now supports writing to a `ByteOutput`. `ByteString`
+        instances that are too large to fit in the internal buffer will be
+        (lazily) written to the `ByteOutput` directly.
+      - This allows applications using large `ByteString` fields to avoid
+        duplication of these fields entirely. Such an application can supply a
+        `ByteOutput` that chains together the chunks received from
+        `CodedOutputStream` before forwarding them onto the IO system.
+  * Other related changes to `CodedOutputStream`
+      - Additional use of `sun.misc.Unsafe` where possible to perform fast
+        access to `byte[]` and `ByteBuffer` values and avoiding unnecessary
+        range checking.
+      - `ByteBuffer`-backed `CodedOutputStream` now writes directly to the
+        `ByteBuffer` rather than to an intermediate array.
+  * Improved lite-runtime.
+      - Lite protos now implement deep equals/hashCode/toString
+      - Significantly improved the performance of Builder#mergeFrom() and
+        Builder#mergeDelimitedFrom()
+  * Various bug fixes and small feature enhancement.
+      - Fixed stack overflow when in hashCode() for infinite recursive oneofs.
+      - Fixed the lazy field parsing in lite to merge rather than overwrite.
+      - TextFormat now supports reporting line/column numbers on errors.
+      - Updated to add appropriate @Override for better compiler errors.
+
+  Python (Beta)
+  * Added JSON format for Any, Struct, Value and ListValue
+  * [ ] is now accepted for both repeated scalar fields and repeated message
+    fields in text format parser.
+  * Numerical field name is now supported in text format.
+  * Added DiscardUnknownFields API for python protobuf message.
+
+  Objective-C (Beta)
+  * Proto comments now come over as HeaderDoc comments in the generated sources
+    so Xcode can pick them up and display them.
+  * The library headers have been updated to use HeaderDoc comments so Xcode can
+    pick them up and display them.
+  * The per message and per field overhead in both generated code and runtime
+    object sizes was reduced.
+  * Generated code now include deprecated annotations when the proto file
+    included them.
+
+  C# (Beta)
+  In general: some changes are breaking, which require regenerating messages.
+  Most user-written code will not be impacted *except* for the renaming of enum
+  values.
+
+  * Allow custom type URL prefixes in `Any` packing, and ignore them when
+    unpacking
+  * `protoc` is now in a separate NuGet package (Google.Protobuf.Tools)
+  * New option: `internal_access` to generate internal classes
+  * Enum values are now PascalCased, and if there's a prefix which matches the
+    name of the enum, that is removed (so an enum `COLOR` with a value
+    `COLOR_BLUE` would generate a value of just `Blue`). An option
+    (`legacy_enum_values`) is temporarily available to disable this, but the
+    option will be removed for GA.
+  * `json_name` option is now honored
+  * If group tags are encountered when parsing, they are validated more
+    thoroughly (although we don't support actual groups)
+  * NuGet dependencies are better specified
+  * Breaking: `Preconditions` is renamed to `ProtoPreconditions`
+  * Breaking: `GeneratedCodeInfo` is renamed to `GeneratedClrTypeInfo`
+  * `JsonFormatter` now allows writing to a `TextWriter`
+  * New interface, `ICustomDiagnosticMessage` to allow more compact
+    representations from `ToString`
+  * `CodedInputStream` and `CodedOutputStream` now implement `IDisposable`,
+    which simply disposes of the streams they were constructed with
+  * Map fields no longer support null values (in line with other languages)
+  * Improvements in JSON formatting and parsing
+
+  Javascript (Alpha)
+  * Better support for "bytes" fields: bytes fields can be read as either a
+    base64 string or UInt8Array (in environments where TypedArray is supported).
+  * New support for CommonJS imports.  This should make it easier to use the
+    JavaScript support in Node.js and tools like WebPack.  See js/README.md for
+    more information.
+  * Some significant internal refactoring to simplify and modularize the code.
+
+  Ruby (Alpha)
+  * JSON serialization now properly uses camelCased names, with a runtime option
+    that will preserve original names from .proto files instead.
+  * Well-known types are now included in the distribution.
+  * Release now includes binary gems for Windows, Mac, and Linux instead of just
+    source gems.
+  * Bugfix for serializing oneofs.
+
+  C++/Java Lite (Alpha)
+    A new "lite" generator parameter was introduced in the protoc for C++ and
+    Java for Proto3 syntax messages. Example usage:
+
+     ./protoc --cpp_out=lite:$OUTPUT_PATH foo.proto
+
+    The protoc will treat the current input and all the transitive dependencies
+    as LITE. The same generator parameter must be used to generate the
+    dependencies.
+
+    In Proto3 syntax files, "optimized_for=LITE_RUNTIME" is no longer supported.
+
+
+2015-12-30 version 3.0.0-beta-2 (C++/Java/Python/Ruby/Nano/Objective-C/C#/JavaScript)
+  General
+  * Introduced a new language implementation: JavaScript.
+  * Added a new field option "json_name". By default proto field names are
+    converted to "lowerCamelCase" in proto3 JSON format. This option can be
+    used to override this behavior and specify a different JSON name for the
+    field.
+  * Added conformance tests to ensure implementations are following proto3 JSON
+    specification.
+
+  C++ (Beta)
+  * Various bug fixes and improvements to the JSON support utility:
+      - Duplicate map keys in JSON are now rejected (i.e., translation will
+        fail).
+      - Fixed wire-format for google.protobuf.Value/ListValue.
+      - Fixed precision loss when converting google.protobuf.Timestamp.
+      - Fixed a bug when parsing invalid UTF-8 code points.
+      - Fixed a memory leak.
+      - Reduced call stack usage.
+
+  Java (Beta)
+  * Cleaned up some unused methods on CodedOutputStream.
+  * Presized lists for packed fields during parsing in the lite runtime to
+    reduce allocations and improve performance.
+  * Improved the performance of unknown fields in the lite runtime.
+  * Introduced UnsafeByteStrings to support zero-copy ByteString creation.
+  * Various bug fixes and improvements to the JSON support utility:
+      - Fixed a thread-safety bug.
+      - Added a new option “preservingProtoFieldNames� to JsonFormat.
+      - Added a new option “includingDefaultValueFields� to JsonFormat.
+      - Updated the JSON utility to comply with proto3 JSON specification.
+
+  Python (Beta)
+  * Added proto3 JSON format utility. It includes support for all field types
+    and a few well-known types except for Any and Struct.
+  * Added runtime support for Any, Timestamp, Duration and FieldMask.
+  * [ ] is now accepted for repeated scalar fields in text format parser.
+  * Map fields now have proper O(1) performance for lookup/insert/delete
+    when using the Python/C++ implementation. They were previously using O(n)
+    search-based algorithms because the C++ reflection interface didn't
+    support true map operations.
+
+  Objective-C (Beta)
+  * Various bug-fixes and code tweaks to pass more strict compiler warnings.
+  * Now has conformance test coverage and is passing all tests.
+
+  C# (Beta)
+  * Various bug-fixes.
+  * Code generation: Files generated in directories based on namespace.
+  * Code generation: Include comments from .proto files in XML doc
+    comments (naively)
+  * Code generation: Change organization/naming of "reflection class" (access
+    to file descriptor)
+  * Code generation and library: Add Parser property to MessageDescriptor,
+    and introduce a non-generic parser type.
+  * Library: Added TypeRegistry to support JSON parsing/formatting of Any.
+  * Library: Added Any.Pack/Unpack support.
+  * Library: Implemented JSON parsing.
+
+  Javascript (Alpha)
+  * Added proto3 support for JavaScript. The runtime is written in pure
+    JavaScript and works in browsers and in Node.js. To generate JavaScript
+    code for your proto, invoke protoc with "--js_out". See js/README.md
+    for more build instructions.
+
+2015-08-26 version 3.0.0-beta-1 (C++/Java/Python/Ruby/Nano/Objective-C/C#)
+  About Beta
+  * This is the first beta release of protobuf v3.0.0. Not all languages
+    have reached beta stage. Languages not marked as beta are still in
+    alpha (i.e., be prepared for API breaking changes).
+
+  General
+  * Proto3 JSON is supported in several languages (fully supported in C++
+    and Java, partially supported in Ruby/C#). The JSON spec is defined in
+    the proto3 language guide:
+
+      https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto3#json
+
+    We will publish a more detailed spec to define the exact behavior of
+    proto3-conformant JSON serializers and parsers. Until then, do not rely
+    on specific behaviors of the implementation if it’s not documented in
+    the above spec. More specifically, the behavior is not yet finalized for
+    the following:
+      - Parsing invalid JSON input (e.g., input with trailing commas).
+      - Non-camelCase names in JSON input.
+      - The same field appears multiple times in JSON input.
+      - JSON arrays contain “null� values.
+      - The message has unknown fields.
+
+  * Proto3 now enforces strict UTF-8 checking. Parsing will fail if a string
+    field contains non UTF-8 data.
+
+  C++ (Beta)
+  * Introduced new utility functions/classes in the google/protobuf/util
+    directory:
+      - MessageDifferencer: compare two proto messages and report their
+                            differences.
+      - JsonUtil: support converting protobuf binary format to/from JSON.
+      - TimeUtil: utility functions to work with well-known types Timestamp
+                  and Duration.
+      - FieldMaskUtil: utility functions to work with FieldMask.
+
+  * Performance optimization of arena construction and destruction.
+  * Bug fixes for arena and maps support.
+  * Changed to use cmake for Windows Visual Studio builds.
+  * Added Bazel support.
+
+  Java (Beta)
+  * Introduced a new util package that will be distributed as a separate
+    artifact in maven. It contains:
+      - JsonFormat: convert proto messages to/from JSON.
+      - TimeUtil: utility functions to work with Timestamp and Duration.
+      - FieldMaskUtil: utility functions to work with FieldMask.
+
+  * The static PARSER in each generated message is deprecated, and it will
+    be removed in a future release. A static parser() getter is generated
+    for each message type instead.
+  * Performance optimizations for String fields serialization.
+  * Performance optimizations for Lite runtime on Android:
+      - Reduced allocations
+      - Reduced method overhead after ProGuarding
+      - Reduced code size after ProGuarding
+
+  Python (Alpha)
+  * Removed legacy Python 2.5 support.
+  * Moved to a single Python 2.x/3.x-compatible codebase, instead of using 2to3.
+  * Fixed build/tests on Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.3, and 3.4.
+      - Pure-Python works on all four.
+      - Python/C++ implementation works on all but 3.4, due to changes in the
+        Python/C++ API in 3.4.
+  * Some preliminary work has been done to allow for multiple DescriptorPools
+    with Python/C++.
+
+  Ruby (Alpha)
+  * Many bugfixes:
+      - fixed parsing/serialization of bytes, sint, sfixed types
+      - other parser bugfixes
+      - fixed memory leak affecting Ruby 2.2
+
+  JavaNano (Alpha)
+  * JavaNano generated code now will be put in a nano package by default to
+    avoid conflicts with Java generated code.
+
+  Objective-C (Alpha)
+  * Added non-null markup to ObjC library. Requires SDK 8.4+ to build.
+  * Many bugfixes:
+      - Removed the class/enum filter.
+      - Renamed some internal types to avoid conflicts with the well-known types
+        protos.
+      - Added missing support for parsing repeated primitive fields in packed or
+        unpacked forms.
+      - Added *Count for repeated and map<> fields to avoid auto-create when
+        checking for them being set.
+
+  C# (Alpha)
+  * Namespace changed to Google.Protobuf (and NuGet package will be named
+    correspondingly).
+  * Target platforms now .NET 4.5 and selected portable subsets only.
+  * Removed lite runtime.
+  * Reimplementation to use mutable message types.
+  * Null references used to represent "no value" for message type fields.
+  * Proto3 semantics supported; proto2 files are prohibited for C# codegen.
+    Most proto3 features supported:
+      - JSON formatting (a.k.a. serialization to JSON), including well-known
+        types (except for Any).
+      - Wrapper types mapped to nullable value types (or string/ByteString
+        allowing nullability). JSON parsing is not supported yet.
+      - maps
+      - oneof
+      - enum unknown value preservation
+
+2015-05-25 version 3.0.0-alpha-3 (Objective-C/C#):
+  General
+  * Introduced two new language implementations (Objective-C, C#) to proto3.
+  * Explicit "optional" keyword are disallowed in proto3 syntax, as fields are
+    optional by default.
+  * Group fields are no longer supported in proto3 syntax.
+  * Changed repeated primitive fields to use packed serialization by default in
+    proto3 (implemented for C++, Java, Python in this release).  The user can
+    still disable packed serialization by setting packed to false for now.
+  * Added well-known type protos (any.proto, empty.proto, timestamp.proto,
+    duration.proto, etc.). Users can import and use these protos just like
+    regular proto files. Additional runtime support will be added for them in
+    future releases (in the form of utility helper functions, or having them
+    replaced by language specific types in generated code).
+  * Added a "reserved" keyword in both proto2 and proto3 syntax. User can use
+    this keyword to declare reserved field numbers and names to prevent them
+    from being reused by other fields in the same message.
+
+    To reserve field numbers, add a reserved declaration in your message:
+
+      message TestMessage {
+        reserved 2, 15, 9 to 11, 3;
+      }
+
+    This reserves field numbers 2, 3, 9, 10, 11 and 15. If a user uses any of
+    these as field numbers, the protocol buffer compiler will report an error.
+
+    Field names can also be reserved:
+
+      message TestMessage {
+        reserved "foo", "bar";
+      }
+
+  * Various bug fixes since 3.0.0-alpha-2
+
+  Objective-C
+    Objective-C includes a code generator and a native objective-c runtime
+    library.  By adding “--objc_out� to protoc, the code generator will generate
+    a header(*.pbobjc.h) and an implementation file(*.pbobjc.m) for each proto
+    file.
+
+    In this first release, the generated interface provides: enums, messages,
+    field support(single, repeated, map, oneof), proto2 and proto3 syntax
+    support, parsing and serialization. It’s  compatible with ARC and non-ARC
+    usage. Besides, user can also access it via the swift bridging header.
+
+    See objectivec/README.md for details.
+
+  C#
+    * C# protobufs are based on project
+      https://github.com/jskeet/protobuf-csharp-port. The original project was
+      frozen and all the new development will happen here.
+    * Codegen plugin for C# was completely rewritten to C++ and is now an
+      integral part of protoc.
+    * Some refactorings and cleanup has been applied to the C# runtime library.
+    * Only proto2 is supported in C# at the moment, proto3 support is in
+      progress and will likely bring significant breaking changes to the API.
+
+    See csharp/README.md for details.
+
+  C++
+    * Added runtime support for Any type. To use Any in your proto file, first
+      import the definition of Any:
+
+        // foo.proto
+        import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+        message Foo {
+          google.protobuf.Any any_field = 1;
+        }
+        message Bar {
+          int32 value = 1;
+        }
+
+      Then in C++ you can access the Any field using PackFrom()/UnpackTo()
+      methods:
+
+        Foo foo;
+        Bar bar = ...;
+        foo.mutable_any_field()->PackFrom(bar);
+        ...
+        if (foo.any_field().IsType<Bar>()) {
+          foo.any_field().UnpackTo(&bar);
+          ...
+        }
+    * In text format, entries of a map field will be sorted by key.
+
+  Java
+    * Continued optimizations on the lite runtime to improve performance for
+      Android.
+
+  Python
+    * Added map support.
+      - maps now have a dict-like interface (msg.map_field[key] = value)
+      - existing code that modifies maps via the repeated field interface
+        will need to be updated.
+
+  Ruby
+    * Improvements to RepeatedField's emulation of the Ruby Array API.
+    * Various speedups and internal cleanups.
+
+2015-02-26 version 3.0.0-alpha-2 (Python/Ruby/JavaNano):
+  General
+  * Introduced three new language implementations (Ruby, JavaNano, and
+    Python) to proto3.
+  * Various bug fixes since 3.0.0-alpha-1
+
+  Python:
+    Python has received several updates, most notably support for proto3
+    semantics in any .proto file that declares syntax="proto3".
+    Messages declared in proto3 files no longer represent field presence
+    for scalar fields (number, enums, booleans, or strings).  You can
+    no longer call HasField() for such fields, and they are serialized
+    based on whether they have a non-zero/empty/false value.
+
+    One other notable change is in the C++-accelerated implementation.
+    Descriptor objects (which describe the protobuf schema and allow
+    reflection over it) are no longer duplicated between the Python
+    and C++ layers.  The Python descriptors are now simple wrappers
+    around the C++ descriptors.  This change should significantly
+    reduce the memory usage of programs that use a lot of message
+    types.
+
+  Ruby:
+    We have added proto3 support for Ruby via a native C extension.
+
+    The Ruby extension itself is included in the ruby/ directory, and details on
+    building and installing the extension are in ruby/README.md. The extension
+    will also be published as a Ruby gem. Code generator support is included as
+    part of `protoc` with the `--ruby_out` flag.
+
+    The Ruby extension implements a user-friendly DSL to define message types
+    (also generated by the code generator from `.proto` files).  Once a message
+    type is defined, the user may create instances of the message that behave in
+    ways idiomatic to Ruby. For example:
+
+    - Message fields are present as ordinary Ruby properties (getter method
+      `foo` and setter method `foo=`).
+    - Repeated field elements are stored in a container that acts like a native
+      Ruby array, and map elements are stored in a container that acts like a
+      native Ruby hashmap.
+    - The usual well-known methods, such as `#to_s`, `#dup`, and the like, are
+      present.
+
+    Unlike several existing third-party Ruby extensions for protobuf, this
+    extension is built on a "strongly-typed" philosophy: message fields and
+    array/map containers will throw exceptions eagerly when values of the
+    incorrect type are inserted.
+
+    See ruby/README.md for details.
+
+  JavaNano:
+    JavaNano is a special code generator and runtime library designed especially
+    for resource-restricted systems, like Android. It is very resource-friendly
+    in both the amount of code and the runtime overhead. Here is an an overview
+    of JavaNano features compared with the official Java protobuf:
+
+    - No descriptors or message builders.
+    - All messages are mutable; fields are public Java fields.
+    - For optional fields only, encapsulation behind setter/getter/hazzer/
+      clearer functions is opt-in, which provide proper 'has' state support.
+    - For proto2, if not opted in, has state (field presence) is not available.
+      Serialization outputs all fields not equal to their defaults.
+      The behavior is consistent with proto3 semantics.
+    - Required fields (proto2 only) are always serialized.
+    - Enum constants are integers; protection against invalid values only
+      when parsing from the wire.
+    - Enum constants can be generated into container interfaces bearing
+      the enum's name (so the referencing code is in Java style).
+    - CodedInputByteBufferNano can only take byte[] (not InputStream).
+    - Similarly CodedOutputByteBufferNano can only write to byte[].
+    - Repeated fields are in arrays, not ArrayList or Vector. Null array
+      elements are allowed and silently ignored.
+    - Full support for serializing/deserializing repeated packed fields.
+    - Support  extensions (in proto2).
+    - Unset messages/groups are null, not an immutable empty default
+      instance.
+    - toByteArray(...) and mergeFrom(...) are now static functions of
+      MessageNano.
+    - The 'bytes' type translates to the Java type byte[].
+
+    See javanano/README.txt for details.
+
+2014-12-01 version 3.0.0-alpha-1 (C++/Java):
+
+  General
+  * Introduced Protocol Buffers language version 3 (aka proto3).
+
+    When protobuf was initially opensourced it implemented Protocol Buffers
+    language version 2 (aka proto2), which is why the version number
+    started from v2.0.0. From v3.0.0, a new language version (proto3) is
+    introduced while the old version (proto2) will continue to be supported.
+
+    The main intent of introducing proto3 is to clean up protobuf before
+    pushing the language as the foundation of Google's new API platform.
+    In proto3, the language is simplified, both for ease of use and  to
+    make it available in a wider range of programming languages. At the
+    same time a few features are added to better support common idioms
+    found in APIs.
+
+    The following are the main new features in language version 3:
+
+      1. Removal of field presence logic for primitive value fields, removal
+         of required fields, and removal of default values. This makes proto3
+         significantly easier to implement with open struct representations,
+         as in languages like Android Java, Objective C, or Go.
+      2. Removal of unknown fields.
+      3. Removal of extensions, which are instead replaced by a new standard
+         type called Any.
+      4. Fix semantics for unknown enum values.
+      5. Addition of maps.
+      6. Addition of a small set of standard types for representation of time,
+         dynamic data, etc.
+      7. A well-defined encoding in JSON as an alternative to binary proto
+         encoding.
+
+    This release (v3.0.0-alpha-1) includes partial proto3 support for C++ and
+    Java. Items 6 (well-known types) and 7 (JSON format) in the above feature
+    list are not implemented.
+
+    A new notion "syntax" is introduced to specify whether a .proto file
+    uses proto2 or proto3:
+
+      // foo.proto
+      syntax = "proto3";
+      message Bar {...}
+
+    If omitted, the protocol compiler will generate a warning and "proto2" will
+    be used as the default. This warning will be turned into an error in a
+    future release.
+
+    We recommend that new Protocol Buffers users use proto3. However, we do not
+    generally recommend that existing users migrate from proto2 from proto3 due
+    to API incompatibility, and we will continue to support proto2 for a long
+    time.
+
+  * Added support for map fields (implemented in C++/Java for both proto2 and
+    proto3).
+
+    Map fields can be declared using the following syntax:
+
+      message Foo {
+        map<string, string> values = 1;
+      }
+
+    Data of a map field will be stored in memory as an unordered map and it
+    can be accessed through generated accessors.
+
+  C++
+  * Added arena allocation support (for both proto2 and proto3).
+
+    Profiling shows memory allocation and deallocation constitutes a significant
+    fraction of CPU-time spent in protobuf code and arena allocation is a
+    technique introduced to reduce this cost. With arena allocation, new
+    objects will be allocated from a large piece of preallocated memory and
+    deallocation of these objects is almost free. Early adoption shows 20% to
+    50% improvement in some Google binaries.
+
+    To enable arena support, add the following option to your .proto file:
+
+      option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+    Protocol compiler will generate additional code to make the generated
+    message classes work with arenas. This does not change the existing API
+    of protobuf messages and does not affect wire format. Your existing code
+    should continue to work after adding this option. In the future we will
+    make this option enabled by default.
+
+    To actually take advantage of arena allocation, you need to use the arena
+    APIs when creating messages. A quick example of using the arena API:
+
+      {
+        google::protobuf::Arena arena;
+        // Allocate a protobuf message in the arena.
+        MyMessage* message = Arena::CreateMessage<MyMessage>(&arena);
+        // All submessages will be allocated in the same arena.
+        if (!message->ParseFromString(data)) {
+          // Deal with malformed input data.
+        }
+        // Must not delete the message here. It will be deleted automatically
+        // when the arena is destroyed.
+      }
+
+    Currently arena does not work with map fields. Enabling arena in a .proto
+    file containing map fields will result in compile errors in the generated
+    code. This will be addressed in a future release.
+
+2014-10-20 version 2.6.1:
+
+  C++
+  * Added atomicops support for Solaris.
+  * Released memory allocated by InitializeDefaultRepeatedFields() and
+    GetEmptyString(). Some memory sanitizers reported them as memory leaks.
+
+  Java
+  * Updated DynamicMessage.setField() to handle repeated enum values
+    correctly.
+  * Fixed a bug that caused NullPointerException to be thrown when
+    converting manually constructed FileDescriptorProto to
+    FileDescriptor.
+
+  Python
+  * Fixed WhichOneof() to work with de-serialized protobuf messages.
+  * Fixed a missing file problem of Python C++ implementation.
+
+2014-08-15 version 2.6.0:
+
+  General
+  * Added oneofs(unions) feature. Fields in the same oneof will share
+    memory and at most one field can be set at the same time. Use the
+    oneof keyword to define a oneof like:
+      message SampleMessage {
+        oneof test_oneof {
+          string name = 4;
+          YourMessage sub_message = 9;
+        }
+      }
+  * Files, services, enums, messages, methods and enum values can be marked
+    as deprecated now.
+  * Added Support for list values, including lists of messages, when
+    parsing text-formatted protos in C++ and Java.
+      For example:  foo: [1, 2, 3]
+
+  C++
+  * Enhanced customization on TestFormat printing.
+  * Added SwapFields() in reflection API to swap a subset of fields.
+    Added SetAllocatedMessage() in reflection API.
+  * Repeated primitive extensions are now packable. The
+    [packed=true] option only affects serializers. Therefore, it is
+    possible to switch a repeated extension field to packed format
+    without breaking backwards-compatibility.
+  * Various speed optimizations.
+
+  Java
+  * writeTo() method in ByteString can now write a substring to an
+    output stream. Added endWith() method for ByteString.
+  * ByteString and ByteBuffer are now supported in CodedInputStream
+    and CodedOutputStream.
+  * java_generate_equals_and_hash can now be used with the LITE_RUNTIME.
+
+  Python
+  * A new C++-backed extension module (aka "cpp api v2") that replaces the
+    old ("cpp api v1") one.  Much faster than the pure Python code.  This one
+    resolves many bugs and is recommended for general use over the
+    pure Python when possible.
+  * Descriptors now have enum_types_by_name and extension_types_by_name dict
+    attributes.
+  * Support for Python 3.
+
+2013-02-27 version 2.5.0:
+
+  General
+  * New notion "import public" that allows a proto file to forward the content
+    it imports to its importers. For example,
+      // foo.proto
+      import public "bar.proto";
+      import "baz.proto";
+
+      // qux.proto
+      import "foo.proto";
+      // Stuff defined in bar.proto may be used in this file, but stuff from
+      // baz.proto may NOT be used without importing it explicitly.
+    This is useful for moving proto files. To move a proto file, just leave
+    a single "import public" in the old proto file.
+  * New enum option "allow_alias" that specifies whether different symbols can
+    be assigned the same numeric value. Default value is "true". Setting it to
+    false causes the compiler to reject enum definitions where multiple symbols
+    have the same numeric value.
+    Note: We plan to flip the default value to "false" in a future release.
+    Projects using enum aliases should set the option to "true" in their .proto
+    files.
+
+  C++
+  * New generated method set_allocated_foo(Type* foo) for message and string
+    fields. This method allows you to set the field to a pre-allocated object
+    and the containing message takes the ownership of that object.
+  * Added SetAllocatedExtension() and ReleaseExtension() to extensions API.
+  * Custom options are now formatted correctly when descriptors are printed in
+    text format.
+  * Various speed optimizations.
+
+  Java
+  * Comments in proto files are now collected and put into generated code as
+    comments for corresponding classes and data members.
+  * Added Parser to parse directly into messages without a Builder. For
+    example,
+      Foo foo = Foo.PARSER.ParseFrom(input);
+    Using Parser is ~25% faster than using Builder to parse messages.
+  * Added getters/setters to access the underlying ByteString of a string field
+    directly.
+  * ByteString now supports more operations: substring(), prepend(), and
+    append(). The implementation of ByteString uses a binary tree structure
+    to support these operations efficiently.
+  * New method findInitializationErrors() that lists all missing required
+    fields.
+  * Various code size and speed optimizations.
+
+  Python
+  * Added support for dynamic message creation. DescriptorDatabase,
+    DescriptorPool, and MessageFactory work like their C++ counterparts to
+    simplify Descriptor construction from *DescriptorProtos, and MessageFactory
+    provides a message instance from a Descriptor.
+  * Added pickle support for protobuf messages.
+  * Unknown fields are now preserved after parsing.
+  * Fixed bug where custom options were not correctly populated. Custom
+    options can be accessed now.
+  * Added EnumTypeWrapper that provides better accessibility to enum types.
+  * Added ParseMessage(descriptor, bytes) to generate a new Message instance
+    from a descriptor and a byte string.
+
+2011-05-01 version 2.4.1:
+
+  C++
+  * Fixed the friendship problem for old compilers to make the library now gcc 3
+    compatible again.
+  * Fixed vcprojects/extract_includes.bat to extract compiler/plugin.h.
+
+  Java
+  * Removed usages of JDK 1.6 only features to make the library now JDK 1.5
+    compatible again.
+  * Fixed a bug about negative enum values.
+  * serialVersionUID is now defined in generated messages for java serializing.
+  * Fixed protoc to use java.lang.Object, which makes "Object" now a valid
+    message name again.
+
+  Python
+  * Experimental C++ implementation now requires C++ protobuf library installed.
+    See the README.txt in the python directory for details.
+
+2011-02-02 version 2.4.0:
+
+  General
+  * The RPC (cc|java|py)_generic_services default value is now false instead of
+    true.
+  * Custom options can have aggregate types. For example,
+      message MyOption {
+        optional string comment = 1;
+        optional string author = 2;
+      }
+      extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
+        optional MyOption myoption = 12345;
+      }
+    This option can now be set as follows:
+      message SomeType {
+        optional int32 field = 1 [(myoption) = { comment:'x' author:'y' }];
+      }
+
+  C++
+  * Various speed and code size optimizations.
+  * Added a release_foo() method on string and message fields.
+  * Fixed gzip_output_stream sub-stream handling.
+
+  Java
+  * Builders now maintain sub-builders for sub-messages. Use getFooBuilder() to
+    get the builder for the sub-message "foo". This allows you to repeatedly
+    modify deeply-nested sub-messages without rebuilding them.
+  * Builder.build() no longer invalidates the Builder for generated messages
+    (You may continue to modify it and then build another message).
+  * Code generator will generate efficient equals() and hashCode()
+    implementations if new option java_generate_equals_and_hash is enabled.
+    (Otherwise, reflection-based implementations are used.)
+  * Generated messages now implement Serializable.
+  * Fields with [deprecated=true] will be marked with @Deprecated in Java.
+  * Added lazy conversion of UTF-8 encoded strings to String objects to improve
+    performance.
+  * Various optimizations.
+  * Enum value can be accessed directly, instead of calling getNumber() on the
+    enum member.
+  * For each enum value, an integer constant is also generated with the suffix
+    _VALUE.
+
+  Python
+  * Added an experimental  C++ implementation for Python messages via a Python
+    extension. Implementation type is controlled by an environment variable
+    PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION (valid values: "cpp" and "python")
+    The default value is currently "python" but will be changed to "cpp" in
+    future release.
+  * Improved performance on message instantiation significantly.
+    Most of the work on message instantiation is done just once per message
+    class, instead of once per message instance.
+  * Improved performance on text message parsing.
+  * Allow add() to forward keyword arguments to the concrete class.
+      E.g. instead of
+        item = repeated_field.add()
+        item.foo = bar
+        item.baz = quux
+      You can do:
+        repeated_field.add(foo=bar, baz=quux)
+  * Added a sort() interface to the BaseContainer.
+  * Added an extend() method to repeated composite fields.
+  * Added UTF8 debug string support.
+
+2010-01-08 version 2.3.0:
+
+  General
+  * Parsers for repeated numeric fields now always accept both packed and
+    unpacked input.  The [packed=true] option only affects serializers.
+    Therefore, it is possible to switch a field to packed format without
+    breaking backwards-compatibility -- as long as all parties are using
+    protobuf 2.3.0 or above, at least.
+  * The generic RPC service code generated by the C++, Java, and Python
+    generators can be disabled via file options:
+      option cc_generic_services = false;
+      option java_generic_services = false;
+      option py_generic_services = false;
+    This allows plugins to generate alternative code, possibly specific to some
+    particular RPC implementation.
+
+  protoc
+  * Now supports a plugin system for code generators.  Plugins can generate
+    code for new languages or inject additional code into the output of other
+    code generators.  Plugins are just binaries which accept a protocol buffer
+    on stdin and write a protocol buffer to stdout, so they may be written in
+    any language.  See src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto.
+    **WARNING**:  Plugins are experimental.  The interface may change in a
+    future version.
+  * If the output location ends in .zip or .jar, protoc will write its output
+    to a zip/jar archive instead of a directory.  For example:
+      protoc --java_out=myproto_srcs.jar --python_out=myproto.zip myproto.proto
+    Currently the archive contents are not compressed, though this could change
+    in the future.
+  * inf, -inf, and nan can now be used as default values for float and double
+    fields.
+
+  C++
+  * Various speed and code size optimizations.
+  * DynamicMessageFactory is now fully thread-safe.
+  * Message::Utf8DebugString() method is like DebugString() but avoids escaping
+    UTF-8 bytes.
+  * Compiled-in message types can now contain dynamic extensions, through use
+    of CodedInputStream::SetExtensionRegistry().
+  * Now compiles shared libraries (DLLs) by default on Cygwin and MinGW, to
+    match other platforms.  Use --disable-shared to avoid this.
+
+  Java
+  * parseDelimitedFrom() and mergeDelimitedFrom() now detect EOF and return
+    false/null instead of throwing an exception.
+  * Fixed some initialization ordering bugs.
+  * Fixes for OpenJDK 7.
+
+  Python
+  * 10-25 times faster than 2.2.0, still pure-Python.
+  * Calling a mutating method on a sub-message always instantiates the message
+    in its parent even if the mutating method doesn't actually mutate anything
+    (e.g. parsing from an empty string).
+  * Expanded descriptors a bit.
+
+2009-08-11 version 2.2.0:
+
+  C++
+  * Lite mode:  The "optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME" option causes the compiler
+    to generate code which only depends libprotobuf-lite, which is much smaller
+    than libprotobuf but lacks descriptors, reflection, and some other features.
+  * Fixed bug where Message.Swap(Message) was only implemented for
+    optimize_for_speed.  Swap now properly implemented in both modes
+    (Issue 91).
+  * Added RemoveLast and SwapElements(index1, index2) to Reflection
+    interface for repeated elements.
+  * Added Swap(Message) to Reflection interface.
+  * Floating-point literals in generated code that are intended to be
+    single-precision now explicitly have 'f' suffix to avoid pedantic warnings
+    produced by some compilers.
+  * The [deprecated=true] option now causes the C++ code generator to generate
+    a GCC-style deprecation annotation (no-op on other compilers).
+  * google::protobuf::GetEnumDescriptor<SomeGeneratedEnumType>() returns the
+    EnumDescriptor for that type -- useful for templates which cannot call
+    SomeGeneratedEnumType_descriptor().
+  * Various optimizations and obscure bug fixes.
+
+  Java
+  * Lite mode:  The "optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME" option causes the compiler
+    to generate code which only depends libprotobuf-lite, which is much smaller
+    than libprotobuf but lacks descriptors, reflection, and some other features.
+  * Lots of style cleanups.
+
+  Python
+  * Fixed endianness bug with floats and doubles.
+  * Text format parsing support.
+  * Fix bug with parsing packed repeated fields in embedded messages.
+  * Ability to initialize fields by passing keyword args to constructor.
+  * Support iterators in extend and __setslice__ for containers.
+
+2009-05-13 version 2.1.0:
+
+  General
+  * Repeated fields of primitive types (types other that string, group, and
+    nested messages) may now use the option [packed = true] to get a more
+    efficient encoding.  In the new encoding, the entire list is written
+    as a single byte blob using the "length-delimited" wire type.  Within
+    this blob, the individual values are encoded the same way they would
+    be normally except without a tag before each value (thus, they are
+    tightly "packed").
+  * For each field, the generated code contains an integer constant assigned
+    to the field number.  For example, the .proto file:
+      message Foo { optional int bar_baz = 123; }
+    would generate the following constants, all with the integer value 123:
+      C++:     Foo::kBarBazFieldNumber
+      Java:    Foo.BAR_BAZ_FIELD_NUMBER
+      Python:  Foo.BAR_BAZ_FIELD_NUMBER
+    Constants are also generated for extensions, with the same naming scheme.
+    These constants may be used as switch cases.
+  * Updated bundled Google Test to version 1.3.0.  Google Test is now bundled
+    in its verbatim form as a nested autoconf package, so you can drop in any
+    other version of Google Test if needed.
+  * optimize_for = SPEED is now the default, by popular demand.  Use
+    optimize_for = CODE_SIZE if code size is more important in your app.
+  * It is now an error to define a default value for a repeated field.
+    Previously, this was silently ignored (it had no effect on the generated
+    code).
+  * Fields can now be marked deprecated like:
+      optional int32 foo = 1 [deprecated = true];
+    Currently this does not have any actual effect, but in the future the code
+    generators may generate deprecation annotations in each language.
+  * Cross-compiling should now be possible using the --with-protoc option to
+    configure.  See README.txt for more info.
+
+  protoc
+  * --error_format=msvs option causes errors to be printed in Visual Studio
+    format, which should allow them to be clicked on in the build log to go
+    directly to the error location.
+  * The type name resolver will no longer resolve type names to fields.  For
+    example, this now works:
+      message Foo {}
+      message Bar {
+        optional int32 Foo = 1;
+        optional Foo baz = 2;
+      }
+    Previously, the type of "baz" would resolve to "Bar.Foo", and you'd get
+    an error because Bar.Foo is a field, not a type.  Now the type of "baz"
+    resolves to the message type Foo.  This change is unlikely to make a
+    difference to anyone who follows the Protocol Buffers style guide.
+
+  C++
+  * Several optimizations, including but not limited to:
+    - Serialization, especially to flat arrays, is 10%-50% faster, possibly
+      more for small objects.
+    - Several descriptor operations which previously required locking no longer
+      do.
+    - Descriptors are now constructed lazily on first use, rather than at
+      process startup time.  This should save memory in programs which do not
+      use descriptors or reflection.
+    - UnknownFieldSet completely redesigned to be more efficient (especially in
+      terms of memory usage).
+    - Various optimizations to reduce code size (though the serialization speed
+      optimizations increased code size).
+  * Message interface has method ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream() which parses
+    a limited number of bytes from an input stream rather than parsing until
+    EOF.
+  * GzipInputStream and GzipOutputStream support reading/writing gzip- or
+    zlib-compressed streams if zlib is available.
+    (google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h)
+  * DescriptorPool::FindAllExtensions() and corresponding
+    DescriptorDatabase::FindAllExtensions() can be used to enumerate all
+    extensions of a given type.
+  * For each enum type Foo, protoc will generate functions:
+      const string& Foo_Name(Foo value);
+      bool Foo_Parse(const string& name, Foo* result);
+    The former returns the name of the enum constant corresponding to the given
+    value while the latter finds the value corresponding to a name.
+  * RepeatedField and RepeatedPtrField now have back-insertion iterators.
+  * String fields now have setters that take a char* and a size, in addition
+    to the existing ones that took char* or const string&.
+  * DescriptorPool::AllowUnknownDependencies() may be used to tell
+    DescriptorPool to create placeholder descriptors for unknown entities
+    referenced in a FileDescriptorProto.  This can allow you to parse a .proto
+    file without having access to other .proto files that it imports, for
+    example.
+  * Updated gtest to latest version.  The gtest package is now included as a
+    nested autoconf package, so it should be able to drop new versions into the
+    "gtest" subdirectory without modification.
+
+  Java
+  * Fixed bug where Message.mergeFrom(Message) failed to merge extensions.
+  * Message interface has new method toBuilder() which is equivalent to
+    newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(this).
+  * All enums now implement the ProtocolMessageEnum interface.
+  * Setting a field to null now throws NullPointerException.
+  * Fixed tendency for TextFormat's parsing to overflow the stack when
+    parsing large string values.  The underlying problem is with Java's
+    regex implementation (which unfortunately uses recursive backtracking
+    rather than building an NFA).  Worked around by making use of possessive
+    quantifiers.
+  * Generated service classes now also generate pure interfaces.  For a service
+    Foo, Foo.Interface is a pure interface containing all of the service's
+    defined methods.  Foo.newReflectiveService() can be called to wrap an
+    instance of this interface in a class that implements the generic
+    RpcService interface, which provides reflection support that is usually
+    needed by RPC server implementations.
+  * RPC interfaces now support blocking operation in addition to non-blocking.
+    The protocol compiler generates separate blocking and non-blocking stubs
+    which operate against separate blocking and non-blocking RPC interfaces.
+    RPC implementations will have to implement the new interfaces in order to
+    support blocking mode.
+  * New I/O methods parseDelimitedFrom(), mergeDelimitedFrom(), and
+    writeDelimitedTo() read and write "delimited" messages from/to a stream,
+    meaning that the message size precedes the data.  This way, you can write
+    multiple messages to a stream without having to worry about delimiting
+    them yourself.
+  * Throw a more descriptive exception when build() is double-called.
+  * Add a method to query whether CodedInputStream is at the end of the input
+    stream.
+  * Add a method to reset a CodedInputStream's size counter; useful when
+    reading many messages with the same stream.
+  * equals() and hashCode() now account for unknown fields.
+
+  Python
+  * Added slicing support for repeated scalar fields. Added slice retrieval and
+    removal of repeated composite fields.
+  * Updated RPC interfaces to allow for blocking operation.  A client may
+    now pass None for a callback when making an RPC, in which case the
+    call will block until the response is received, and the response
+    object will be returned directly to the caller.  This interface change
+    cannot be used in practice until RPC implementations are updated to
+    implement it.
+  * Changes to input_stream.py should make protobuf compatible with appengine.
+
+2008-11-25 version 2.0.3:
+
+  protoc
+  * Enum values may now have custom options, using syntax similar to field
+    options.
+  * Fixed bug where .proto files which use custom options but don't actually
+    define them (i.e. they import another .proto file defining the options)
+    had to explicitly import descriptor.proto.
+  * Adjacent string literals in .proto files will now be concatenated, like in
+    C.
+  * If an input file is a Windows absolute path (e.g. "C:\foo\bar.proto") and
+    the import path only contains "." (or contains "." but does not contain
+    the file), protoc incorrectly thought that the file was under ".", because
+    it thought that the path was relative (since it didn't start with a slash).
+    This has been fixed.
+
+  C++
+  * Generated message classes now have a Swap() method which efficiently swaps
+    the contents of two objects.
+  * All message classes now have a SpaceUsed() method which returns an estimate
+    of the number of bytes of allocated memory currently owned by the object.
+    This is particularly useful when you are reusing a single message object
+    to improve performance but want to make sure it doesn't bloat up too large.
+  * New method Message::SerializeAsString() returns a string containing the
+    serialized data.  May be more convenient than calling
+    SerializeToString(string*).
+  * In debug mode, log error messages when string-type fields are found to
+    contain bytes that are not valid UTF-8.
+  * Fixed bug where a message with multiple extension ranges couldn't parse
+    extensions.
+  * Fixed bug where MergeFrom(const Message&) didn't do anything if invoked on
+    a message that contained no fields (but possibly contained extensions).
+  * Fixed ShortDebugString() to not be O(n^2).  Durr.
+  * Fixed crash in TextFormat parsing if the first token in the input caused a
+    tokenization error.
+  * Fixed obscure bugs in zero_copy_stream_impl.cc.
+  * Added support for HP C++ on Tru64.
+  * Only build tests on "make check", not "make".
+  * Fixed alignment issue that caused crashes when using DynamicMessage on
+    64-bit Sparc machines.
+  * Simplify template usage to work with MSVC 2003.
+  * Work around GCC 4.3.x x86_64 compiler bug that caused crashes on startup.
+    (This affected Fedora 9 in particular.)
+  * Now works on "Solaris 10 using recent Sun Studio".
+
+  Java
+  * New overload of mergeFrom() which parses a slice of a byte array instead
+    of the whole thing.
+  * New method ByteString.asReadOnlyByteBuffer() does what it sounds like.
+  * Improved performance of isInitialized() when optimizing for code size.
+
+  Python
+  * Corrected ListFields() signature in Message base class to match what
+    subclasses actually implement.
+  * Some minor refactoring.
+  * Don't pass self as first argument to superclass constructor (no longer
+    allowed in Python 2.6).
+
+2008-09-29 version 2.0.2:
+
+  General
+  * License changed from Apache 2.0 to 3-Clause BSD.
+  * It is now possible to define custom "options", which are basically
+    annotations which may be placed on definitions in a .proto file.
+    For example, you might define a field option called "foo" like so:
+      import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto"
+      extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
+        optional string foo = 12345;
+      }
+    Then you annotate a field using the "foo" option:
+      message MyMessage {
+        optional int32 some_field = 1 [(foo) = "bar"]
+      }
+    The value of this option is then visible via the message's
+    Descriptor:
+      const FieldDescriptor* field =
+        MyMessage::descriptor()->FindFieldByName("some_field");
+      assert(field->options().GetExtension(foo) == "bar");
+    This feature has been implemented and tested in C++ and Java.
+    Other languages may or may not need to do extra work to support
+    custom options, depending on how they construct descriptors.
+
+  C++
+  * Fixed some GCC warnings that only occur when using -pedantic.
+  * Improved static initialization code, making ordering more
+    predictable among other things.
+  * TextFormat will no longer accept messages which contain multiple
+    instances of a singular field.  Previously, the latter instance
+    would overwrite the former.
+  * Now works on systems that don't have hash_map.
+
+  Java
+  * Print @Override annotation in generated code where appropriate.
+
+  Python
+  * Strings now use the "unicode" type rather than the "str" type.
+    String fields may still be assigned ASCII "str" values; they will
+    automatically be converted.
+  * Adding a property to an object representing a repeated field now
+    raises an exception.  For example:
+      # No longer works (and never should have).
+      message.some_repeated_field.foo = 1
+
+  Windows
+  * We now build static libraries rather than DLLs by default on MSVC.
+    See vsprojects/readme.txt for more information.
+
+2008-08-15 version 2.0.1:
+
+  protoc
+  * New flags --encode and --decode can be used to convert between protobuf text
+    format and binary format from the command-line.
+  * New flag --descriptor_set_out can be used to write FileDescriptorProtos for
+    all parsed files directly into a single output file.  This is particularly
+    useful if you wish to parse .proto files from programs written in languages
+    other than C++: just run protoc as a background process and have it output
+    a FileDescriptorList, then parse that natively.
+  * Improved error message when an enum value's name conflicts with another
+    symbol defined in the enum type's scope, e.g. if two enum types declared
+    in the same scope have values with the same name.  This is disallowed for
+    compatibility with C++, but this wasn't clear from the error.
+  * Fixed absolute output paths on Windows.
+  * Allow trailing slashes in --proto_path mappings.
+
+  C++
+  * Reflection objects are now per-class rather than per-instance.  To make this
+    possible, the Reflection interface had to be changed such that all methods
+    take the Message instance as a parameter.  This change improves performance
+    significantly in memory-bandwidth-limited use cases, since it makes the
+    message objects smaller.  Note that source-incompatible interface changes
+    like this will not be made again after the library leaves beta.
+  * Heuristically detect sub-messages when printing unknown fields.
+  * Fix static initialization ordering bug that caused crashes at startup when
+    compiling on Mac with static linking.
+  * Fixed TokenizerTest when compiling with -DNDEBUG on Linux.
+  * Fixed incorrect definition of kint32min.
+  * Fix bytes type setter to work with byte sequences with embedded NULLs.
+  * Other irrelevant tweaks.
+
+  Java
+  * Fixed UnknownFieldSet's parsing of varints larger than 32 bits.
+  * Fixed TextFormat's parsing of "inf" and "nan".
+  * Fixed TextFormat's parsing of comments.
+  * Added info to Java POM that will be required when we upload the
+    package to a Maven repo.
+
+  Python
+  * MergeFrom(message) and CopyFrom(message) are now implemented.
+  * SerializeToString() raises an exception if the message is missing required
+    fields.
+  * Code organization improvements.
+  * Fixed doc comments for RpcController and RpcChannel, which had somehow been
+    swapped.
+  * Fixed text_format_test on Windows where floating-point exponents sometimes
+    contain extra zeros.
+  * Fix Python service CallMethod() implementation.
+
+  Other
+  * Improved readmes.
+  * VIM syntax highlighting improvements.
+
+2008-07-07 version 2.0.0:
+
+  * First public release.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/CONTRIBUTING.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db1ff31ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# Contributing to Protocol Buffers
+
+We welcome your contributions to protocol buffers. This doc describes the
+process to contribute patches to protobuf and the general guidelines we
+expect contributors to follow.
+
+## Before You Start
+
+We accept patches in the form of github pull requests. If you are new to
+github, please read [How to create github pull requests](https://help.github.com/articles/about-pull-requests/)
+first.
+
+### Contributor License Agreements
+
+Contributions to this project must be accompanied by a Contributor License
+Agreement. You (or your employer) retain the copyright to your contribution,
+this simply gives us permission to use and redistribute your contributions
+as part of the project.
+
+* If you are an individual writing original source code and you're sure you
+  own the intellectual property, then you'll need to sign an [individual CLA](https://cla.developers.google.com/about/google-individual?csw=1).
+* If you work for a company that wants to allow you to contribute your work,
+  then you'll need to sign a [corporate CLA](https://cla.developers.google.com/about/google-corporate?csw=1).
+
+### Coding Style
+
+This project follows [Google’s Coding Style Guides](https://github.com/google/styleguide).
+Before sending out your pull request, please familiarize yourself with the
+corresponding style guides and make sure the proposed code change is style
+conforming.
+
+## Contributing Process
+
+Most pull requests should go to the master branch and the change will be
+included in the next major/minor version release (e.g., 3.6.0 release). If you
+need to include a bug fix in a patch release (e.g., 3.5.2), make sure it’s
+already merged to master, and then create a pull request cherry-picking the
+commits from master branch to the release branch (e.g., branch 3.5.x).
+
+For each pull request, a protobuf team member will be assigned to review the
+pull request. For minor cleanups, the pull request may be merged right away
+after an initial review. For larger changes, you will likely receive multiple
+rounds of comments and it may take some time to complete. We will try to keep
+our response time within 7-days but if you don’t get any response in a few
+days, feel free to comment on the threads to get our attention. We also expect
+you to respond to our comments within a reasonable amount of time. If we don’t
+hear from you for 2 weeks or longer, we may close the pull request. You can
+still send the pull request again once you have time to work on it.
+
+Once a pull request is merged, we will take care of the rest and get it into
+the final release.
+
+## Pull Request Guidelines
+
+* If you are a Googler, it is preferable to first create an internal CL and
+  have it reviewed and submitted. The code propagation process will deliver the
+  change to GitHub.
+* Create small PRs that are narrowly focused on addressing a single concern.
+  We often receive PRs that are trying to fix several things at a time, but if
+  only one fix is considered acceptable, nothing gets merged and both author's
+  & review's time is wasted. Create more PRs to address different concerns and
+  everyone will be happy.
+* For speculative changes, consider opening an issue and discussing it first.
+  If you are suggesting a behavioral or API change, make sure you get explicit
+  support from a protobuf team member before sending us the pull request.
+* Provide a good PR description as a record of what change is being made and
+  why it was made. Link to a GitHub issue if it exists.
+* Don't fix code style and formatting unless you are already changing that
+  line to address an issue. PRs with irrelevant changes won't be merged. If
+  you do want to fix formatting or style, do that in a separate PR.
+* Unless your PR is trivial, you should expect there will be reviewer comments
+  that you'll need to address before merging. We expect you to be reasonably
+  responsive to those comments, otherwise the PR will be closed after 2-3 weeks
+  of inactivity.
+* Maintain clean commit history and use meaningful commit messages. PRs with
+  messy commit history are difficult to review and won't be merged. Use rebase
+  -i upstream/master to curate your commit history and/or to bring in latest
+  changes from master (but avoid rebasing in the middle of a code review).
+* Keep your PR up to date with upstream/master (if there are merge conflicts,
+  we can't really merge your change).
+* All tests need to be passing before your change can be merged. We recommend
+  you run tests locally before creating your PR to catch breakages early on.
+  Ultimately, the green signal will be provided by our testing infrastructure.
+  The reviewer will help you if there are test failures that seem not related
+  to the change you are making.
+
+## Reviewer Guidelines
+
+* Make sure that all tests are passing before approval.
+* Apply the "release notes: yes" label if the pull request's description should
+  be included in the next release (e.g., any new feature / bug fix).
+  Apply the "release notes: no" label if the pull request's description should
+  not be included in the next release (e.g., refactoring changes that does not
+  change behavior, integration from Google internal, updating tests, etc.).
+* Apply the appropriate language label (e.g., C++, Java, Python, etc.) to the
+  pull request. This will make it easier to identify which languages the pull
+  request affects, allowing us to better identify appropriate reviewer, create
+  a better release note, and make it easier to identify issues in the future.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/CONTRIBUTORS.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/CONTRIBUTORS.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b8d97fc23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/CONTRIBUTORS.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+This file contains a list of people who have made large contributions
+to the public version of Protocol Buffers.
+
+Original Protocol Buffers design and implementation:
+  Sanjay Ghemawat <sanjay@google.com>
+  Jeff Dean <jeff@google.com>
+  Daniel Dulitz <daniel@google.com>
+  Craig Silverstein
+  Paul Haahr <haahr@google.com>
+  Corey Anderson <corin@google.com>
+  (and many others)
+
+Proto2 C++ and Java primary author:
+  Kenton Varda <kenton@google.com>
+
+Proto2 Python primary authors:
+  Will Robinson <robinson@google.com>
+  Petar Petrov <petar@google.com>
+
+Java Nano primary authors:
+  Brian Duff <bduff@google.com>
+  Tom Chao <chaot@google.com>
+  Max Cai <maxtroy@google.com>
+  Ulas Kirazci <ulas@google.com>
+
+Large code contributions:
+  Jason Hsueh <jasonh@google.com>
+  Joseph Schorr <jschorr@google.com>
+  Wenbo Zhu <wenboz@google.com>
+
+Large quantity of code reviews:
+  Scott Bruce <sbruce@google.com>
+  Frank Yellin
+  Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@google.com>
+  Jeffrey Yasskin <jyasskin@google.com>
+  Ambrose Feinstein <ambrose@google.com>
+
+Documentation:
+  Lisa Carey <lcarey@google.com>
+
+Maven packaging:
+  Gregory Kick <gak@google.com>
+
+Patch contributors:
+  Kevin Ko <kevin.s.ko@gmail.com>
+    * Small patch to handle trailing slashes in --proto_path flag.
+  Johan Euphrosine <proppy@aminche.com>
+    * Small patch to fix Python CallMethod().
+  Ulrich Kunitz <kune@deine-taler.de>
+    * Small optimizations to Python serialization.
+  Leandro Lucarella <llucax@gmail.com>
+    * VI syntax highlighting tweaks.
+    * Fix compiler to not make output executable.
+  Dilip Joseph <dilip.antony.joseph@gmail.com>
+    * Heuristic detection of sub-messages when printing unknown fields in
+      text format.
+  Brian Atkinson <nairb774@gmail.com>
+    * Added @Override annotation to generated Java code where appropriate.
+  Vincent Choinière <Choiniere.Vincent@hydro.qc.ca>
+    * Tru64 support.
+  Monty Taylor <monty.taylor@gmail.com>
+    * Solaris 10 + Sun Studio fixes.
+  Alek Storm <alek.storm@gmail.com>
+    * Slicing support for repeated scalar fields for the Python API.
+  Oleg Smolsky <oleg.smolsky@gmail.com>
+    * MS Visual Studio error format option.
+    * Detect unordered_map in stl_hash.m4.
+  Brian Olson <brianolson@google.com>
+    * gzip/zlib I/O support.
+  Michael Poole <mdpoole@troilus.org>
+    * Fixed warnings about generated constructors not explicitly initializing
+      all fields (only present with certain compiler settings).
+    * Added generation of field number constants.
+  Wink Saville <wink@google.com>
+    * Fixed initialization ordering problem in logging code.
+  Will Pierce <willp@nuclei.com>
+    * Small patch improving performance of in Python serialization.
+  Alexandre Vassalotti <alexandre@peadrop.com>
+    * Emacs mode for Protocol Buffers (editors/protobuf-mode.el).
+  Scott Stafford <scott.stafford@gmail.com>
+    * Added Swap(), SwapElements(), and RemoveLast() to Reflection interface.
+  Alexander Melnikov <alm@sibmail.ru>
+    * HPUX support.
+  Oliver Jowett <oliver.jowett@gmail.com>
+    * Detect whether zlib is new enough in configure script.
+    * Fixes for Solaris 10 32/64-bit confusion.
+  Evan Jones <evanj@mit.edu>
+    * Optimize Java serialization code when writing a small message to a stream.
+    * Optimize Java serialization of strings so that UTF-8 encoding happens only
+      once per string per serialization call.
+    * Clean up some Java warnings.
+    * Fix bug with permanent callbacks that delete themselves when run.
+  Michael Kucharski <m.kucharski@gmail.com>
+    * Added CodedInputStream.getTotalBytesRead().
+  Kacper Kowalik <xarthisius.kk@gmail.com>
+    * Fixed m4/acx_pthread.m4 problem for some Linux distributions.
+  William Orr <will@worrbase.com>
+    * Fixed detection of sched_yield on Solaris.
+    * Added atomicops for Solaris
+  Andrew Paprocki <andrew@ishiboo.com>
+    * Fixed minor IBM xlC compiler build issues
+    * Added atomicops for AIX (POWER)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/LICENSE b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19b305b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+distribution.
+    * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+Code generated by the Protocol Buffer compiler is owned by the owner
+of the input file used when generating it.  This code is not
+standalone and requires a support library to be linked with it.  This
+support library is itself covered by the above license.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/Makefile.am b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cca346e9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,1288 @@
+## Process this file with automake to produce Makefile.in
+
+ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS = -I m4
+
+AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = foreign
+
+# Build . before src so that our all-local and clean-local hooks kicks in at
+# the right time.
+SUBDIRS = . src
+
+# Always include third_party directories in distributions.
+DIST_SUBDIRS = src conformance benchmarks third_party/googletest
+
+# Build gmock before we build protobuf tests.  We don't add gmock to SUBDIRS
+# because then "make check" would also build and run all of gmock's own tests,
+# which takes a lot of time and is generally not useful to us.  Also, we don't
+# want "make install" to recurse into gmock since we don't want to overwrite
+# the installed version of gmock if there is one.
+check-local:
+	@echo "Making lib/libgmock.a lib/libgmock_main.a in gmock"
+	@cd third_party/googletest/googletest && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) lib/libgtest.la lib/libgtest_main.la
+	@cd third_party/googletest/googlemock && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) lib/libgmock.la lib/libgmock_main.la
+
+# We would like to clean gmock when "make clean" is invoked.  But we have to
+# be careful because clean-local is also invoked during "make distclean", but
+# "make distclean" already recurses into gmock because it's listed among the
+# DIST_SUBDIRS.  distclean will delete gmock/Makefile, so if we then try to
+# cd to the directory again and "make clean" it will fail.  So, check that the
+# Makefile exists before recursing.
+clean-local:
+	@if test -e third_party/googletest/Makefile; then \
+	  echo "Making clean in googletest"; \
+	  cd third_party/googletest && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) clean; \
+	fi; \
+	if test -e conformance/Makefile; then \
+	  echo "Making clean in conformance"; \
+	  cd conformance && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) clean; \
+	fi; \
+	if test -e benchmarks/Makefile; then \
+	  echo "Making clean in benchmarks"; \
+	  cd benchmarks && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) clean; \
+	fi; \
+	if test -e objectivec/DevTools; then \
+	  echo "Cleaning any ObjC pyc files"; \
+	  rm -f objectivec/DevTools/*.pyc; \
+	fi
+
+pkgconfigdir = $(libdir)/pkgconfig
+pkgconfig_DATA = protobuf.pc protobuf-lite.pc
+
+csharp_EXTRA_DIST=                                                           \
+  global.json                                                                \
+  csharp/.gitignore                                                          \
+  csharp/CHANGES.txt                                                         \
+  csharp/Google.Protobuf.Tools.targets                                       \
+  csharp/Google.Protobuf.Tools.nuspec                                        \
+  csharp/README.md                                                           \
+  csharp/build_packages.bat                                                  \
+  csharp/build_tools.sh                                                      \
+  csharp/buildall.bat                                                        \
+  csharp/buildall.sh                                                         \
+  csharp/generate_protos.sh                                                  \
+  csharp/install_dotnet_sdk.ps1                                              \
+  csharp/keys/Google.Protobuf.public.snk                                     \
+  csharp/keys/Google.Protobuf.snk                                            \
+  csharp/keys/README.md                                                      \
+  csharp/protos/README.md                                                    \
+  csharp/protos/map_unittest_proto3.proto                                    \
+  csharp/protos/old_extensions1.proto                                        \
+  csharp/protos/old_extensions2.proto                                        \
+  csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_a.proto                                   \
+  csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_b.proto                                   \
+  csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_c.proto                                   \
+  csharp/protos/unittest_custom_options_proto3.proto                         \
+  csharp/protos/unittest_import_public_proto3.proto                          \
+  csharp/protos/unittest_import_public.proto                                 \
+  csharp/protos/unittest_import_proto3.proto                                 \
+  csharp/protos/unittest_import.proto                                        \
+  csharp/protos/unittest_issues.proto                                        \
+  csharp/protos/unittest_proto3.proto                                        \
+  csharp/protos/unittest.proto                                               \
+  csharp/src/AddressBook/AddPerson.cs                                        \
+  csharp/src/AddressBook/Addressbook.cs                                      \
+  csharp/src/AddressBook/AddressBook.csproj                                  \
+  csharp/src/AddressBook/ListPeople.cs                                       \
+  csharp/src/AddressBook/Program.cs                                          \
+  csharp/src/AddressBook/SampleUsage.cs                                      \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/BenchmarkMessage1Proto3.cs           \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/Benchmarks.cs                        \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks.csproj    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/Program.cs                           \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/SerializationBenchmark.cs            \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/SerializationConfig.cs               \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/wrapper_benchmark_messages.proto     \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/WrapperBenchmark.cs                  \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/WrapperBenchmarkMessages.cs          \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance/Conformance.cs                      \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance/Google.Protobuf.Conformance.csproj  \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance/Program.cs                          \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.JsonDump/Google.Protobuf.JsonDump.csproj        \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.JsonDump/Program.cs                             \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/ByteStringTest.cs                          \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedInputStreamExtensions.cs              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedInputStreamTest.cs                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedOutputStreamTest.cs                   \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/MapFieldTest.cs                \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/ProtobufEqualityComparersTest.cs \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/RepeatedFieldTest.cs           \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/PropertyInfoExtensionsTest.cs \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/StreamExtensionsTest.cs      \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/TypeExtensionsTest.cs        \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/DeprecatedMemberTest.cs                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/EqualityTester.cs                          \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/ExtensionSetTest.cs                        \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/FieldCodecTest.cs                          \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/FieldMaskTreeTest.cs                       \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/GeneratedMessageTest.cs                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/GeneratedMessageTest.Proto2.cs             \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj                \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/IssuesTest.cs                              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonFormatterTest.cs                       \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonParserTest.cs                          \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonTokenizerTest.cs                       \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/CustomOptionsTest.cs            \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/DescriptorDeclarationTest.cs    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/DescriptorsTest.cs              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/FieldAccessTest.cs              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/TypeRegistryTest.cs             \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleEnum.cs                              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleMessages.cs                          \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleNaNs.cs                              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/TestCornerCases.cs                         \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos.csproj \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssue6936A.cs              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssue6936B.cs              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssue6936C.cs              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/ForeignMessagePartial.cs           \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/MapUnittestProto3.cs               \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/OldExtensions1.cs                  \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/OldExtensions2.cs                  \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/TestMessagesProto2.cs              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/TestMessagesProto3.cs              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestCustomOptionsProto3.cs     \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImportProto3.cs            \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImportPublicProto3.cs      \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImportPublic.cs            \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImport.cs                  \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssues.cs                  \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestProto3.cs                  \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestWellKnownTypes.cs          \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/Unittest.cs                        \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/AnyTest.cs                  \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/DurationTest.cs             \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/FieldMaskTest.cs            \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/TimestampTest.cs            \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/WrappersTest.cs             \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/UnknownFieldSetTest.cs                     \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/testprotos.pb                              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.sln                                             \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ByteArray.cs                                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ByteString.cs                                   \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedInputStream.cs                             \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedOutputStream.ComputeSize.cs                \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedOutputStream.cs                            \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/Lists.cs                            \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/MapField.cs                         \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/ProtobufEqualityComparers.cs        \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/ReadOnlyDictionary.cs               \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/RepeatedField.cs                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/MethodInfoExtensions.cs           \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/PropertyInfoExtensions.cs         \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/StreamExtensions.cs               \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/TypeExtensions.cs                 \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Extension.cs                                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ExtensionRegistry.cs                            \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ExtensionSet.cs                                 \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ExtensionValue.cs                               \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FieldCodec.cs                                   \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FieldMaskTree.cs                                \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FrameworkPortability.cs                         \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Google.Protobuf.csproj                          \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ICustomDiagnosticMessage.cs                     \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/IDeepCloneable.cs                               \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/IExtendableMessage.cs                           \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/IMessage.cs                                     \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/InvalidJsonException.cs                         \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.cs               \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonFormatter.cs                                \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonParser.cs                                   \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonToken.cs                                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonTokenizer.cs                                \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/LimitedInputStream.cs                           \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/MessageExtensions.cs                            \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/MessageParser.cs                                \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ObjectIntPair.cs                                \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ProtoPreconditions.cs                           \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs                      \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/CustomOptions.cs                     \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/Descriptor.cs                        \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorBase.cs                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorDeclaration.cs             \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorPool.cs                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorUtil.cs                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorValidationException.cs     \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/EnumDescriptor.cs                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/EnumValueDescriptor.cs               \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ExtensionAccessor.cs                 \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ExtensionCollection.cs               \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FieldAccessorBase.cs                 \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FieldDescriptor.cs                   \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FieldType.cs                         \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FileDescriptor.cs                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/GeneratedClrTypeInfo.cs              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/IDescriptor.cs                       \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/IFieldAccessor.cs                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/MapFieldAccessor.cs                  \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/MessageDescriptor.cs                 \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/MethodDescriptor.cs                  \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/OneofAccessor.cs                     \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/OneofDescriptor.cs                   \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/OriginalNameAttribute.cs             \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/PackageDescriptor.cs                 \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ReflectionUtil.cs                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/RepeatedFieldAccessor.cs             \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ServiceDescriptor.cs                 \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/SingleFieldAccessor.cs               \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/TypeRegistry.cs                      \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Any.cs                           \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/AnyPartial.cs                    \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Api.cs                           \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Duration.cs                      \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/DurationPartial.cs               \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Empty.cs                         \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/FieldMask.cs                     \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/FieldMaskPartial.cs              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/SourceContext.cs                 \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Struct.cs                        \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/TimeExtensions.cs                \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Timestamp.cs                     \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/TimestampPartial.cs              \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Type.cs                          \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/ValuePartial.cs                  \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Wrappers.cs                      \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/WrappersPartial.cs               \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WireFormat.cs                                   \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/UnknownField.cs                                 \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/UnknownFieldSet.cs
+
+java_EXTRA_DIST=                                                                   \
+  java/README.md                                                                   \
+  java/bom/pom.xml                                                                 \
+  java/core/generate-sources-build.xml                                             \
+  java/core/generate-test-sources-build.xml                                        \
+  java/core/pom.xml                                                                \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessage.java                 \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageLite.java             \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractParser.java                  \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProtobufList.java            \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AllocatedBuffer.java                 \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Android.java                         \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ArrayDecoders.java                   \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BinaryReader.java                    \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BinaryWriter.java                    \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BlockingRpcChannel.java              \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BlockingService.java                 \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BooleanArrayList.java                \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BufferAllocator.java                 \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteBufferWriter.java                \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteOutput.java                      \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteString.java                      \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStream.java                \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamReader.java          \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStream.java               \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStreamWriter.java         \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DescriptorMessageInfoFactory.java    \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Descriptors.java                     \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DiscardUnknownFieldsParser.java      \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DoubleArrayList.java                 \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DynamicMessage.java                  \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalApi.java                 \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Extension.java                       \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionLite.java                   \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistry.java               \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryFactory.java        \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryLite.java           \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchema.java                 \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchemaFull.java             \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchemaLite.java             \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchemas.java                \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldInfo.java                       \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldSet.java                        \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldType.java                       \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FloatArrayList.java                  \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessage.java                \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageInfoFactory.java     \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageLite.java            \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageV3.java              \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/IntArrayList.java                    \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Internal.java                        \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.java  \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/IterableByteBufferInputStream.java   \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/JavaType.java                        \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyField.java                       \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldLite.java                   \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringArrayList.java             \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringList.java                  \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ListFieldSchema.java                 \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LongArrayList.java                   \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ManifestSchemaFactory.java           \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapEntry.java                        \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapEntryLite.java                    \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapField.java                        \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldLite.java                    \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchema.java                  \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchemaFull.java              \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchemaLite.java              \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchemas.java                 \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Message.java                         \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageInfo.java                     \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageInfoFactory.java              \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLite.java                     \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLiteOrBuilder.java            \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLiteToString.java             \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageOrBuilder.java                \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageReflection.java               \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageSchema.java                   \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageSetSchema.java                \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MutabilityOracle.java                \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchema.java               \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchemaFull.java           \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchemaLite.java           \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchemas.java              \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteString.java                   \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/OneofInfo.java                       \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Parser.java                          \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection.java    \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtoSyntax.java                     \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Protobuf.java                        \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufArrayList.java               \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufLists.java                   \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtocolMessageEnum.java             \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtocolStringList.java              \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RawMessageInfo.java                  \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Reader.java                          \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilder.java            \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilderV3.java          \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteString.java                  \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcCallback.java                     \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcChannel.java                      \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcController.java                   \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcUtil.java                         \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Schema.java                          \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SchemaFactory.java                   \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SchemaUtil.java                      \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Service.java                         \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ServiceException.java                \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SingleFieldBuilder.java              \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SingleFieldBuilderV3.java            \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SmallSortedMap.java                  \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/StructuralMessageInfo.java           \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormat.java                      \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatEscaper.java               \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseInfoTree.java         \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseLocation.java         \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TypeRegistry.java                    \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UninitializedMessageException.java   \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSchema.java              \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSet.java                 \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetLite.java             \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetLiteSchema.java       \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetSchema.java           \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnmodifiableLazyStringList.java      \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeByteOperations.java            \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeUtil.java                      \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Utf8.java                            \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormat.java                      \
+  java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Writer.java                          \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageTest.java             \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto2LiteSchemaTest.java    \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto2SchemaTest.java        \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto3LiteSchemaTest.java    \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto3SchemaTest.java        \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractSchemaTest.java              \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AnyTest.java                         \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ArrayDecodersTest.java               \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BinaryProtocolTest.java              \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BooleanArrayListTest.java            \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BoundedByteStringTest.java           \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteBufferWriterTest.java            \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteStringTest.java                  \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CachedFieldSizeTest.java             \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CheckUtf8Test.java                   \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedAdapterTest.java                \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamTest.java            \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStreamTest.java           \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DecodeUtf8Test.java                  \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DeprecatedFieldTest.java             \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DescriptorsTest.java                 \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DiscardUnknownFieldsTest.java        \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DoubleArrayListTest.java             \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DynamicMessageTest.java              \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/EnumTest.java                        \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalMessageFactory.java      \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalSerializationUtil.java   \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalTestDataProvider.java    \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest.java    \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldPresenceTest.java               \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/FloatArrayListTest.java              \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ForceFieldBuildersPreRun.java        \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageTest.java            \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IntArrayListTest.java                \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IsValidUtf8Test.java                 \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IsValidUtf8TestUtil.java             \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldLiteTest.java               \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldTest.java                   \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyMessageLiteTest.java             \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringArrayListTest.java         \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringEndToEndTest.java          \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteEqualsAndHashTest.java           \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteralByteStringTest.java           \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LongArrayListTest.java               \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2LiteTest.java            \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2Test.java                \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapLiteTest.java                     \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapTest.java                         \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageTest.java                     \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NestedBuildersTest.java              \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteStringTest.java               \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/PackedFieldTest.java                 \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParseExceptionsTest.java             \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParserLiteTest.java                  \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParserTest.java                      \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2ExtensionLookupSchemaTest.java \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2LiteSchemaTest.java            \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageFactory.java            \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageInfoFactory.java        \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageLiteFactory.java        \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2SchemaTest.java                \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2UnknownEnumValueTest.java      \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3LiteSchemaTest.java            \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageFactory.java            \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageInfoFactory.java        \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageLiteFactory.java        \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageLiteInfoFactory.java    \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3SchemaTest.java                \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufArrayListTest.java           \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilderV3Test.java      \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteStringSubstringTest.java     \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteStringTest.java              \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ServiceTest.java                     \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/SingleFieldBuilderV3Test.java        \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/SmallSortedMapTest.java              \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestBadIdentifiers.java              \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestBadIdentifiersLite.java          \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestSchemas.java                     \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestSchemasLite.java                 \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestUtil.java                        \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestUtilLite.java                    \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseInfoTreeTest.java     \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseLocationTest.java     \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatTest.java                  \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TypeRegistryTest.java                \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownEnumValueTest.java            \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetTest.java             \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnmodifiableLazyStringListTest.java  \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Utf8Test.java                        \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Utf8Utils.java                       \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WellKnownTypesTest.java              \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormatLiteTest.java              \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormatTest.java                  \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WrappersLiteOfMethodTest.java        \
+  java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WrappersOfMethodTest.java            \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/any_test.proto                      \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/cached_field_size_test.proto        \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/deprecated_file.proto               \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/field_presence_test.proto           \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/lazy_fields_lite.proto              \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/lite_equals_and_hash.proto          \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_lite_test.proto      \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_test.proto           \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_initialization_order_test.proto \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_lite_test.proto                 \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_test.proto                      \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/message_lite_extension_util_test.proto\
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/multiple_files_test.proto           \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_builders_test.proto          \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension.proto              \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension_lite.proto         \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto          \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto     \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test.proto         \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test2.proto        \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test3.proto        \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/packed_field_test.proto             \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto2_message.proto                \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto2_message_lite.proto           \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto2_unknown_enum_values.proto    \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto3_message.proto                \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto3_message_lite.proto           \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto          \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_check_utf8.proto               \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_check_utf8_size.proto          \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_custom_options.proto           \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_extra_interfaces.proto         \
+  java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/wrappers_test.proto                 \
+  java/lite.md                                                                     \
+  java/lite/generate-sources-build.xml                                             \
+  java/lite/generate-test-sources-build.xml                                        \
+  java/lite/lite.awk                                                               \
+  java/lite/pom.xml                                                                \
+  java/lite/process-lite-sources-build.xml                                         \
+  java/lite/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteTest.java                        \
+  java/lite/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageLiteInfoFactory.java    \
+  java/pom.xml                                                                     \
+  java/util/pom.xml                                                                \
+  java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Durations.java                  \
+  java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskTree.java              \
+  java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskUtil.java              \
+  java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormat.java                 \
+  java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/TimeUtil.java                   \
+  java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Structs.java                    \
+  java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Timestamps.java                 \
+  java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Values.java                     \
+  java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskTreeTest.java          \
+  java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskUtilTest.java          \
+  java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormatTest.java             \
+  java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/StructsTest.java                 \
+  java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/TimeUtilTest.java               \
+  java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/ValuesTest.java                 \
+  java/util/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/util/json_test.proto
+
+objectivec_EXTRA_DIST=                                                       \
+  objectivec/DevTools/check_version_stamps.sh                                \
+  objectivec/DevTools/compile_testing_protos.sh                              \
+  objectivec/DevTools/full_mac_build.sh                                      \
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+  objectivec/google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.m                               \
+  objectivec/google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.h                                  \
+  objectivec/google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.m                                  \
+  objectivec/google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.h                              \
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+  objectivec/google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.h                                 \
+  objectivec/google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.m                                 \
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+  objectivec/google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.m                                   \
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+  objectivec/google/protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.m                               \
+  objectivec/GPBArray.h                                                      \
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+  objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers.m                                            \
+  objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h                             \
+  objectivec/GPBRootObject.h                                                 \
+  objectivec/GPBRootObject.m                                                 \
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+  objectivec/GPBUtilities.m                                                  \
+  objectivec/GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h                                   \
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+  objectivec/GPBWellKnownTypes.m                                             \
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+  objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/ProtocolBuffers.xcscheme \
+  objectivec/README.md                                                       \
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+  objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json \
+  objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard \
+  objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard \
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+  objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/main.m    \
+  objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/run_tests.sh                                    \
+  objectivec/Tests/golden_message                                            \
+  objectivec/Tests/golden_packed_fields_message                              \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBARCUnittestProtos.m                                    \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBArrayTests.m                                           \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCodedInputStreamTests.m                                \
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+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest02.m                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest03.m                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest04.m                                        \
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+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest06.m                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest07.m                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest08.m                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest09.m                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest10.m                                        \
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+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest20.m                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest21.m                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest22.m                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest23.m                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest24.m                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest25.m                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBConcurrencyTests.m                                     \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBDescriptorTests.m                                      \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+Bool.m                                 \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+Int32.m                                \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+Int64.m                                \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+String.m                               \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+UInt32.m                               \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+UInt64.m                               \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests.m                                      \
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+  objectivec/Tests/GPBExtensionRegistryTest.m                                \
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+  objectivec/Tests/GPBMessageTests+Serialization.m                           \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBMessageTests.m                                         \
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+  objectivec/Tests/GPBPerfTests.m                                            \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBSwiftTests.swift                                       \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBTestUtilities.h                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBTestUtilities.m                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBUnittestProtos.m                                       \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBUnittestProtos2.m                                      \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBUnknownFieldSetTest.m                                  \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBUtilitiesTests.m                                       \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBWellKnownTypesTest.m                                   \
+  objectivec/Tests/GPBWireFormatTests.m                                      \
+  objectivec/Tests/text_format_extensions_unittest_data.txt                   \
+  objectivec/Tests/text_format_map_unittest_data.txt                          \
+  objectivec/Tests/text_format_unittest_data.txt                              \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_cycle.proto                                       \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_deprecated.proto                                  \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_deprecated_file.proto                             \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_a.proto                           \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_b.proto                           \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_c.proto                           \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_d.proto                           \
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+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_g.proto                           \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc.proto                                        \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc_options.proto                                \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc_startup.proto                                \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_runtime_proto2.proto                              \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_runtime_proto3.proto                              \
+  objectivec/Tests/UnitTests-Bridging-Header.h                                \
+  objectivec/Tests/UnitTests-Info.plist                                       \
+  Protobuf.podspec
+
+php_EXTRA_DIST=                                                       \
+  composer.json                                                       \
+  php/README.md                                                       \
+  php/composer.json                                                   \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/array.c                                     \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/builtin_descriptors.inc                     \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/config.m4                                   \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/def.c                                       \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/encode_decode.c                             \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/map.c                                       \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/message.c                                   \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/package.xml                                 \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.c                                  \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.h                                  \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/storage.c                                   \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/type_check.c                                \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/upb.c                                       \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/upb.h                                       \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/utf8.c                                      \
+  php/ext/google/protobuf/utf8.h                                      \
+  php/generate_descriptor_protos.sh                                   \
+  php/phpunit.xml                                                     \
+  php/release.sh                                                      \
+  php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Any.php                         \
+  php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Api.php                         \
+  php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Duration.php                    \
+  php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/FieldMask.php                   \
+  php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/GPBEmpty.php                    \
+  php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Internal/Descriptor.php         \
+  php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/SourceContext.php               \
+  php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Struct.php                      \
+  php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Timestamp.php                   \
+  php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Type.php                        \
+  php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Wrappers.php                    \
+  php/src/Google/Protobuf/Any.php                                     \
+  php/src/Google/Protobuf/Api.php                                     \
+  php/src/Google/Protobuf/BoolValue.php                               \
+  php/src/Google/Protobuf/BytesValue.php                              \
+  php/src/Google/Protobuf/Descriptor.php                              \
+  php/src/Google/Protobuf/DescriptorPool.php                          \
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+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test.proto                             \
+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/proto3_test.proto                      \
+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/proto3_test.js                         \
+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/message_test.js                        \
+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/maps_test.js                           \
+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/debug_test.js                          \
+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/data.proto                             \
+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/commonjs/test7/test7.proto             \
+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/commonjs/test6/test6.proto             \
+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/writer_test.js                  \
+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/utils_test.js                   \
+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/reader_test.js                  \
+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/proto_test.js                   \
+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/decoder_test.js                 \
+  js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/arith_test.js                   \
+  js/data.proto                                                        \
+  js/debug.js                                                          \
+  js/debug_test.js                                                     \
+  js/gulpfile.js                                                       \
+  js/jasmine.json                                                      \
+  js/map.js                                                            \
+  js/maps_test.js                                                      \
+  js/message.js                                                        \
+  js/message_test.js                                                   \
+  js/node_loader.js                                                    \
+  js/package.json                                                      \
+  js/proto3_test.js                                                    \
+  js/proto3_test.proto                                                 \
+  js/test.proto                                                        \
+  js/test2.proto                                                       \
+  js/test3.proto                                                       \
+  js/test4.proto                                                       \
+  js/test5.proto                                                       \
+  js/test8.proto                                                       \
+  js/test9.proto                                                       \
+  js/test10.proto                                                      \
+  js/test11.proto                                                      \
+  js/test12.proto                                                      \
+  js/test13.proto                                                      \
+  js/test14.proto                                                      \
+  js/test15.proto                                                      \
+  js/test_bootstrap.js                                                 \
+  js/testbinary.proto                                                  \
+  js/testempty.proto
+
+all_EXTRA_DIST=$(csharp_EXTRA_DIST) $(java_EXTRA_DIST) $(objectivec_EXTRA_DIST) $(php_EXTRA_DIST) $(python_EXTRA_DIST) $(ruby_EXTRA_DIST) $(js_EXTRA_DIST)
+
+EXTRA_DIST = $(@DIST_LANG@_EXTRA_DIST)   \
+  autogen.sh                             \
+  generate_descriptor_proto.sh           \
+  README.md                              \
+  LICENSE                                \
+  CONTRIBUTORS.txt                       \
+  CHANGES.txt                            \
+  update_file_lists.sh                   \
+  BUILD                                  \
+  WORKSPACE                              \
+  cmake/CMakeLists.txt                   \
+  cmake/README.md                        \
+  cmake/conformance.cmake                   \
+  cmake/examples.cmake                   \
+  cmake/extract_includes.bat.in          \
+  cmake/install.cmake                    \
+  cmake/libprotobuf.cmake                \
+  cmake/libprotobuf-lite.cmake           \
+  cmake/libprotoc.cmake                  \
+  cmake/protobuf-config-version.cmake.in \
+  cmake/protobuf-config.cmake.in         \
+  cmake/protobuf-lite.pc.cmake           \
+  cmake/protobuf-module.cmake.in         \
+  cmake/protobuf-options.cmake           \
+  cmake/protobuf.pc.cmake                \
+  cmake/protoc.cmake                     \
+  cmake/tests.cmake                      \
+  cmake/version.rc.in                    \
+  compiler_config_setting.bzl            \
+  editors/README.txt                     \
+  editors/proto.vim                      \
+  editors/protobuf-mode.el               \
+  examples/AddPerson.java                \
+  examples/BUILD                         \
+  examples/CMakeLists.txt                \
+  examples/ListPeople.java               \
+  examples/Makefile                      \
+  examples/README.md                     \
+  examples/WORKSPACE                     \
+  examples/add_person.cc                 \
+  examples/add_person.dart               \
+  examples/add_person.go                 \
+  examples/add_person.py                 \
+  examples/add_person_test.go            \
+  examples/addressbook.proto             \
+  examples/list_people.cc                \
+  examples/list_people.dart              \
+  examples/list_people.go                \
+  examples/list_people.py                \
+  examples/list_people_test.go           \
+  examples/pubspec.yaml                  \
+  protobuf.bzl                           \
+  protobuf_deps.bzl                      \
+  python/release/wheel/build_wheel_manylinux.sh  \
+  python/release/wheel/Dockerfile                \
+  python/release/wheel/protobuf_optimized_pip.sh \
+  python/release/wheel/README.md         \
+  third_party/six.BUILD                  \
+  third_party/zlib.BUILD                 \
+  util/python/BUILD
+
+
+# Deletes all the files generated by autogen.sh.
+MAINTAINERCLEANFILES =   \
+  aclocal.m4             \
+  ar-lib                 \
+  config.guess           \
+  config.sub             \
+  configure              \
+  depcomp                \
+  install-sh             \
+  ltmain.sh              \
+  Makefile.in            \
+  missing                \
+  mkinstalldirs          \
+  config.h.in            \
+  stamp.h.in             \
+  m4/ltsugar.m4          \
+  m4/libtool.m4          \
+  m4/ltversion.m4        \
+  m4/lt~obsolete.m4      \
+  m4/ltoptions.m4
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/Protobuf-C++.podspec b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/Protobuf-C++.podspec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dcb9f4d70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/Protobuf-C++.podspec
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+Pod::Spec.new do |s|
+  s.name     = 'Protobuf-C++'
+  s.version  = '3.11.4'
+  s.summary  = 'Protocol Buffers v3 runtime library for C++.'
+  s.homepage = 'https://github.com/google/protobuf'
+  s.license  = '3-Clause BSD License'
+  s.authors  = { 'The Protocol Buffers contributors' => 'protobuf@googlegroups.com' }
+  s.cocoapods_version = '>= 1.0'
+
+  s.source = { :git => 'https://github.com/google/protobuf.git',
+               :tag => "v#{s.version}" }
+
+  s.source_files = 'src/google/protobuf/*.{h,cc,inc}',
+                   'src/google/protobuf/stubs/*.{h,cc}',
+                   'src/google/protobuf/io/*.{h,cc}',
+                   'src/google/protobuf/util/*.{h,cc}',
+                   'src/google/protobuf/util/internal/*.{h,cc}'
+
+  # Excluding all the tests in the directories above
+  s.exclude_files = 'src/google/**/*_test.{h,cc,inc}',
+                    'src/google/**/*_unittest.{h,cc}',
+                    'src/google/protobuf/test_util*.{h,cc}',
+                    'src/google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.{h,cc}',
+                    'src/google/protobuf/map_test_util*.{h,cc,inc}'
+
+  s.header_mappings_dir = 'src'
+
+  s.ios.deployment_target = '7.0'
+  s.osx.deployment_target = '10.9'
+  s.tvos.deployment_target = '9.0'
+  s.watchos.deployment_target = '2.0'
+
+  s.pod_target_xcconfig = {
+    # Do not let src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.h override system API
+    'USE_HEADERMAP' => 'NO',
+    'ALWAYS_SEARCH_USER_PATHS' => 'NO',
+
+    # Configure tool is not being used for Xcode. When building, assume pthread is supported.
+    'GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS' => '"$(inherited)" "HAVE_PTHREAD=1"',
+  }
+
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/Protobuf.podspec b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/Protobuf.podspec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b5436991e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/Protobuf.podspec
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# This file describes to Cocoapods how to integrate the Objective-C runtime into a dependent
+# project.
+# Despite this file being specific to Objective-C, it needs to be on the root of the repository.
+# Otherwise, Cocoapods gives trouble like not picking up the license file correctly, or not letting
+# dependent projects use the :git notation to refer to the library.
+Pod::Spec.new do |s|
+  s.name     = 'Protobuf'
+  s.version  = '3.11.4'
+  s.summary  = 'Protocol Buffers v.3 runtime library for Objective-C.'
+  s.homepage = 'https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf'
+  s.license  = '3-Clause BSD License'
+  s.authors  = { 'The Protocol Buffers contributors' => 'protobuf@googlegroups.com' }
+  s.cocoapods_version = '>= 1.0'
+
+  s.module_name = 'protobuf'
+  s.source = { :git => 'https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf.git',
+               :tag => "v#{s.version}" }
+
+  s.source_files = 'objectivec/*.{h,m}',
+                   'objectivec/google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.{h,m}',
+                   'objectivec/google/protobuf/Api.pbobjc.{h,m}',
+                   'objectivec/google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.{h,m}',
+                   'objectivec/google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.{h,m}',
+                   'objectivec/google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.{h,m}',
+                   'objectivec/google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.{h,m}',
+                   'objectivec/google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.{h,m}',
+                   'objectivec/google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.{h,m}',
+                   'objectivec/google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.{h,m}',
+                   'objectivec/google/protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.{h,m}'
+  # The following would cause duplicate symbol definitions. GPBProtocolBuffers is expected to be
+  # left out, as it's an umbrella implementation file.
+  s.exclude_files = 'objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers.m'
+
+  # Set a CPP symbol so the code knows to use framework imports.
+  s.user_target_xcconfig = { 'GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS' => '$(inherited) GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS=1' }
+  s.pod_target_xcconfig = { 'GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS' => '$(inherited) GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS=1' }
+
+  s.ios.deployment_target = '7.0'
+  s.osx.deployment_target = '10.9'
+  s.tvos.deployment_target = '9.0'
+  s.watchos.deployment_target = '2.0'
+  s.requires_arc = false
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e5ae61e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+===================================================
+
+Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+
+https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+
+Overview
+--------
+
+Protocol Buffers (a.k.a., protobuf) are Google's language-neutral,
+platform-neutral, extensible mechanism for serializing structured data. You
+can find [protobuf's documentation on the Google Developers site](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/).
+
+This README file contains protobuf installation instructions. To install
+protobuf, you need to install the protocol compiler (used to compile .proto
+files) and the protobuf runtime for your chosen programming language.
+
+Protocol Compiler Installation
+------------------------------
+
+The protocol compiler is written in C++. If you are using C++, please follow
+the [C++ Installation Instructions](src/README.md) to install protoc along
+with the C++ runtime.
+
+For non-C++ users, the simplest way to install the protocol compiler is to
+download a pre-built binary from our release page:
+
+  [https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases)
+
+In the downloads section of each release, you can find pre-built binaries in
+zip packages: protoc-$VERSION-$PLATFORM.zip. It contains the protoc binary
+as well as a set of standard .proto files distributed along with protobuf.
+
+If you are looking for an old version that is not available in the release
+page, check out the maven repo here:
+
+  [https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/google/protobuf/protoc/](https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/google/protobuf/protoc/)
+
+These pre-built binaries are only provided for released versions. If you want
+to use the github master version at HEAD, or you need to modify protobuf code,
+or you are using C++, it's recommended to build your own protoc binary from
+source.
+
+If you would like to build protoc binary from source, see the [C++ Installation
+Instructions](src/README.md).
+
+Protobuf Runtime Installation
+-----------------------------
+
+Protobuf supports several different programming languages. For each programming
+language, you can find instructions in the corresponding source directory about
+how to install protobuf runtime for that specific language:
+
+| Language                             | Source                                                      | Ubuntu | MacOS | Windows |
+|--------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|--------|-------|---------|
+| C++ (include C++ runtime and protoc) | [src](src)                                                  | [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-cpp_distcheck.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fcpp_distcheck%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-bazel.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fbazel%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-dist_install.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fdist_install%2Fcontinuous) | [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-cpp.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fcpp%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-cpp_distcheck.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fcpp_distcheck%2Fcontinuous) | [![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/73ctee6ua4w2ruin?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/protobuf/protobuf) |
+| Java                                 | [java](java)                                                | [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-java_compatibility.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fjava_compatibility%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-java_jdk7.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fjava_jdk7%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-java_oracle7.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fjava_oracle7%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-java_linkage_monitor.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fjava_linkage_monitor%2Fcontinuous) | | |
+| Python                               | [python](python)                                            | [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python27.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython27%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python33.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython33%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python34.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython34%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python35.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython35%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python36.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython36%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python37.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython37%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python_compatibility.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython_compatibility%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python27_cpp.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython27_cpp%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python33_cpp.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython33_cpp%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python34_cpp.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython34_cpp%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python35_cpp.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython35_cpp%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python36_cpp.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython36_cpp%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python37_cpp.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython37_cpp%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python-release.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython_release%2Fcontinuous) | [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-python.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fpython%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-python_cpp.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fpython_cpp%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-python-release.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fpython_release%2Fcontinuous) | [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/windows-python-release.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fwindows%2Fpython_release%2Fcontinuous) |
+| Objective-C                          | [objectivec](objectivec)                                    | | [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-objectivec_cocoapods_integration.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fobjectivec_cocoapods_integration%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-objectivec_ios_debug.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fobjectivec_ios_debug%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-objectivec_ios_release.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fobjectivec_ios_release%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-objectivec_osx.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fobjectivec_osx%2Fcontinuous) | |
+| C#                                   | [csharp](csharp)                                            | [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-csharp.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fcsharp%2Fcontinuous) | | [![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/73ctee6ua4w2ruin?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/protobuf/protobuf)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/windows-csharp-release.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fwindows%2Fcsharp_release%2Fcontinuous) |
+| JavaScript                           | [js](js)                                                    | [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-javascript.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fjavascript%2Fcontinuous) | [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-javascript.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fjavascript%2Fcontinuous) | |
+| Ruby                                 | [ruby](ruby)                                                | [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-ruby23.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fruby23%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-ruby24.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fruby24%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-ruby25.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fruby25%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-ruby26.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fruby26%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-ruby-release.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fruby_release%2Fcontinuous) | [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-ruby23.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fruby23%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-ruby24.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fruby24%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-ruby25.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fruby25%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-ruby26.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fruby26%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-ruby-release.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fruby_release%2Fcontinuous) | |
+| Go                                   | [golang/protobuf](https://github.com/golang/protobuf)       | | | |
+| PHP                                  | [php](php)                                                  | [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-php_all.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fphp_all%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-32-bit.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2F32-bit%2Fcontinuous) | [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-php5.6_mac.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fphp5.6_mac%2Fcontinuous)<br/>[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-php7.0_mac.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fphp7.0_mac%2Fcontinuous) | |
+| Dart                                 | [dart-lang/protobuf](https://github.com/dart-lang/protobuf) | [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/dart-lang/protobuf.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/dart-lang/protobuf) | | |
+
+Quick Start
+-----------
+
+The best way to learn how to use protobuf is to follow the tutorials in our
+developer guide:
+
+https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials
+
+If you want to learn from code examples, take a look at the examples in the
+[examples](examples) directory.
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+
+The complete documentation for Protocol Buffers is available via the
+web at:
+
+https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/WORKSPACE b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/WORKSPACE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39672c882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/WORKSPACE
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+workspace(name = "com_google_protobuf")
+
+local_repository(
+    name = "com_google_protobuf_examples",
+    path = "examples",
+)
+
+local_repository(
+    name = "submodule_gmock",
+    path = "third_party/googletest",
+)
+
+load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl", "http_archive")
+load("//:protobuf_deps.bzl", "protobuf_deps")
+
+# Load common dependencies.
+protobuf_deps()
+load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:jvm.bzl", "jvm_maven_import_external")
+
+bind(
+    name = "python_headers",
+    actual = "//util/python:python_headers",
+)
+
+bind(
+    name = "gtest",
+    actual = "@submodule_gmock//:gtest",
+)
+
+bind(
+    name = "gtest_main",
+    actual = "@submodule_gmock//:gtest_main",
+)
+
+jvm_maven_import_external(
+    name = "guava_maven",
+    artifact = "com.google.guava:guava:18.0",
+    artifact_sha256 = "d664fbfc03d2e5ce9cab2a44fb01f1d0bf9dfebeccc1a473b1f9ea31f79f6f99",
+    server_urls = [
+        "https://jcenter.bintray.com/",
+        "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2",
+    ],
+)
+
+bind(
+    name = "guava",
+    actual = "@guava_maven//jar",
+)
+
+jvm_maven_import_external(
+    name = "gson_maven",
+    artifact = "com.google.code.gson:gson:2.7",
+    artifact_sha256 = "2d43eb5ea9e133d2ee2405cc14f5ee08951b8361302fdd93494a3a997b508d32",
+    server_urls = [
+        "https://jcenter.bintray.com/",
+        "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2",
+    ],
+)
+
+bind(
+    name = "gson",
+    actual = "@gson_maven//jar",
+)
+
+jvm_maven_import_external(
+    name = "error_prone_annotations_maven",
+    artifact = "com.google.errorprone:error_prone_annotations:2.3.2",
+    artifact_sha256 = "357cd6cfb067c969226c442451502aee13800a24e950fdfde77bcdb4565a668d",
+    server_urls = [
+        "https://jcenter.bintray.com/",
+        "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2",
+    ],
+)
+
+bind(
+    name = "error_prone_annotations",
+    actual = "@error_prone_annotations_maven//jar",
+)
+
+# For `cc_proto_blacklist_test`.
+load("@bazel_skylib//:workspace.bzl", "bazel_skylib_workspace")
+
+bazel_skylib_workspace()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/appveyor.bat b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/appveyor.bat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a35ceb4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/appveyor.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+setlocal
+
+IF %platform%==MinGW GOTO build_mingw
+IF %language%==cpp GOTO build_cpp
+IF %language%==csharp GOTO build_csharp
+
+echo Unsupported language %language% and platform %platform%. Exiting.
+goto :error
+
+:build_mingw
+echo Building MinGW
+set PATH=C:\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.2.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev1\mingw64\bin;%PATH:C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin;=%
+mkdir build_mingw
+cd build_mingw
+cmake -G "%generator%" -Dprotobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=%BUILD_DLL% -Dprotobuf_UNICODE=%UNICODE% -Dprotobuf_BUILD_TESTS=0 ../cmake
+mingw32-make -j8 all || goto error
+rem cd %configuration%
+rem tests.exe || goto error
+goto :EOF
+
+:build_cpp
+echo Building C++
+mkdir build_msvc
+cd build_msvc
+cmake -G "%generator%" -Dprotobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=%BUILD_DLL% -Dprotobuf_UNICODE=%UNICODE% ../cmake
+msbuild protobuf.sln /p:Platform=%vcplatform% /logger:"C:\Program Files\AppVeyor\BuildAgent\Appveyor.MSBuildLogger.dll" || goto error
+cd %configuration%
+tests.exe || goto error
+goto :EOF
+
+:build_csharp
+echo Building C#
+cd csharp\src
+REM The platform environment variable is implicitly used by msbuild;
+REM we don't want it.
+set platform=
+dotnet restore
+dotnet build -c %configuration% || goto error
+
+echo Testing C#
+dotnet test -c %configuration% -f netcoreapp2.1 Google.Protobuf.Test\Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj || goto error
+dotnet test -c %configuration% -f net451 Google.Protobuf.Test\Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj || goto error
+
+goto :EOF
+
+:error
+echo Failed!
+EXIT /b %ERRORLEVEL%
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/appveyor.yml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/appveyor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91f737a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/appveyor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+configuration:
+  - Debug
+
+environment:
+  matrix:
+    # Only test few combinations: "Visual Studio 2015 (14) + Win64/MinGW + Debug + DLL". We can
+    # test more combinations but AppVeyor just takes too long to finish (each
+    # combination takes ~15mins).
+    - platform: MinGW
+      language: cpp
+      image: Visual Studio 2015
+
+    - platform: Win64
+      language: cpp
+      image: Visual Studio 2015
+      BUILD_DLL: ON
+      UNICODE: ON
+
+    - platform: Win64
+      language: cpp
+      image: Visual Studio 2017
+      BUILD_DLL: OFF
+      UNICODE: ON
+
+    - platform: Win64
+      language: csharp
+      image: Visual Studio 2017
+
+# Our build scripts run tests automatically; we don't want AppVeyor
+# to try to detect them itself.
+test: off
+
+install:
+  - git submodule update --init --recursive
+
+before_build:
+  - if %platform%==MinGW set generator=MinGW Makefiles
+  - if %platform%==Win32 set generator=Visual Studio 14
+  - if %platform%==Win64 set generator=Visual Studio 14 Win64
+  - if %platform%==Win32 set vcplatform=Win32
+  - if %platform%==Win64 set vcplatform=x64
+
+build_script:
+  - CALL appveyor.bat
+
+skip_commits:
+  message: /.*\[skip appveyor\].*/
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/autogen.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/autogen.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d00d21727
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/autogen.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Run this script to generate the configure script and other files that will
+# be included in the distribution.  These files are not checked in because they
+# are automatically generated.
+
+set -e
+
+if [ ! -z "$@" ]; then
+  for argument in "$@"; do
+    case $argument in
+	  # make curl silent
+      "-s")
+        curlopts="-s"
+        ;;
+    esac
+  done
+fi
+
+# Check that we're being run from the right directory.
+if test ! -f src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h; then
+  cat >&2 << __EOF__
+Could not find source code.  Make sure you are running this script from the
+root of the distribution tree.
+__EOF__
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+set -ex
+
+# The absence of a m4 directory in googletest causes autoreconf to fail when
+# building under the CentOS docker image. It's a warning in regular build on
+# Ubuntu/gLinux as well.
+mkdir -p third_party/googletest/m4
+
+# TODO(kenton):  Remove the ",no-obsolete" part and fix the resulting warnings.
+autoreconf -f -i -Wall,no-obsolete
+
+rm -rf autom4te.cache config.h.in~
+exit 0
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/Makefile.am b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b2204d08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,664 @@
+benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper =                               \
+	benchmarks.proto
+
+benchmarks_protoc_inputs =                                                 \
+	datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.proto
+
+benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2 =                                          \
+	datasets/google_message1/proto2/benchmark_message1_proto2.proto          \
+	datasets/google_message2/benchmark_message2.proto                        \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3.proto                        \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_1.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_2.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_3.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_4.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_5.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_6.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4.proto                        \
+	datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_1.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_2.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_3.proto
+
+make_tmp_dir:
+	mkdir -p 'tmp/java/src/main/java'
+	touch make_tmp_dir
+
+
+# We have to cd to $(srcdir) before executing protoc because $(protoc_inputs) is
+# relative to srcdir, which may not be the same as the current directory when
+# building out-of-tree.
+protoc_middleman: make_tmp_dir $(top_srcdir)/src/protoc$(EXEEXT) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs) $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper)
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$(top_srcdir)/src --cpp_out=$$oldpwd/cpp --java_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/java/src/main/java --python_out=$$oldpwd/tmp $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper) )
+	touch protoc_middleman
+
+protoc_middleman2:  make_tmp_dir $(top_srcdir)/src/protoc$(EXEEXT) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2) $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs)
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$(top_srcdir)/src --cpp_out=$$oldpwd/cpp --java_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/java/src/main/java --python_out=$$oldpwd/tmp $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2) )
+	touch protoc_middleman2
+
+all_data = $$(find $$(cd $(srcdir) && pwd) -type f -name "dataset.*.pb" -not -path "$$(cd $(srcdir) && pwd)/tmp/*")
+
+############# CPP RULES ##############
+
+benchmarks_protoc_outputs =                                                \
+	cpp/benchmarks.pb.cc                                                     \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.pb.cc
+
+benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header =                                         \
+	cpp/benchmarks.pb.h                                                      \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.pb.h
+
+benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header =                                  \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message1/proto2/benchmark_message1_proto2.pb.h       \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message2/benchmark_message2.pb.h                     \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3.pb.h                     \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_1.pb.h                   \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_2.pb.h                   \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_3.pb.h                   \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_4.pb.h                   \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_5.pb.h                   \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_6.pb.h                   \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.pb.h                   \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.pb.h                   \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4.pb.h                     \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_1.pb.h                   \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_2.pb.h                   \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_3.pb.h
+
+benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2 =                                         \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message1/proto2/benchmark_message1_proto2.pb.cc      \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message2/benchmark_message2.pb.cc                    \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3.pb.cc                    \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_1.pb.cc                  \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_2.pb.cc                  \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_3.pb.cc                  \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_4.pb.cc                  \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_5.pb.cc                  \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_6.pb.cc                  \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.pb.cc                  \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.pb.cc                  \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4.pb.cc                    \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_1.pb.cc                  \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_2.pb.cc                  \
+	cpp/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_3.pb.cc
+
+
+$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs): protoc_middleman
+$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header): protoc_middleman
+$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2): protoc_middleman2
+$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header): protoc_middleman2
+
+initialize_submodule:
+	oldpwd=`pwd`
+	cd $(top_srcdir) && git submodule update --init -r third_party/benchmark && \
+		cd third_party/benchmark && cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release && make
+	cd $$oldpwd
+	touch initialize_submodule
+
+$(top_srcdir)/third_party/benchmark/src/libbenchmark.a: initialize_submodule
+
+AM_CXXFLAGS = $(NO_OPT_CXXFLAGS) $(PROTOBUF_OPT_FLAG) -Wall -Wwrite-strings -Woverloaded-virtual -Wno-sign-compare
+
+bin_PROGRAMS = cpp-benchmark
+
+cpp_benchmark_LDADD = $(top_srcdir)/src/libprotobuf.la $(top_srcdir)/third_party/benchmark/src/libbenchmark.a
+cpp_benchmark_SOURCES = cpp/cpp_benchmark.cc
+cpp_benchmark_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/src -I$(srcdir)/cpp -I$(top_srcdir)/third_party/benchmark/include
+# Explicit deps because BUILT_SOURCES are only done before a "make all/check"
+# so a direct "make test_cpp" could fail if parallel enough.
+# See: https://www.gnu.org/software/automake/manual/html_node/Built-Sources-Example.html#Recording-Dependencies-manually
+cpp/cpp_benchmark-cpp_benchmark.$(OBJEXT): $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header) $(top_srcdir)/src/libprotobuf.la $(top_srcdir)/third_party/benchmark/src/libbenchmark.a
+cpp/benchmark-cpp_benchmark.$(OBJEXT): $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header) $(top_srcdir)/src/libprotobuf.la $(top_srcdir)/third_party/benchmark/src/libbenchmark.a
+nodist_cpp_benchmark_SOURCES =                                             \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs)                                             \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2)                                      \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header)                               \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header)
+
+cpp: protoc_middleman protoc_middleman2 cpp-benchmark initialize_submodule
+	./cpp-benchmark $(all_data)
+
+############ CPP RULES END ############
+
+############# JAVA RULES ##############
+
+java_benchmark_testing_files =                                      \
+	java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtoCaliperBenchmark.java
+
+javac_middleman: $(java_benchmark_testing_files) protoc_middleman protoc_middleman2
+	cp -r $(srcdir)/java tmp
+	mkdir -p tmp/java/lib
+	cp $(top_srcdir)/java/core/target/*.jar tmp/java/lib/protobuf-java.jar
+	cd tmp/java && mvn clean compile assembly:single -Dprotobuf.version=$(PACKAGE_VERSION) && cd ../..
+	@touch javac_middleman
+
+java-benchmark: javac_middleman
+	@echo "Writing shortcut script java-benchmark..."
+	@echo '#! /bin/bash' > java-benchmark
+	@echo 'all_data=""' >> java-benchmark
+	@echo 'conf=()' >> java-benchmark
+	@echo 'data_files=""' >> java-benchmark
+	@echo 'for arg in $$@; do if [[ $${arg:0:1} == "-" ]]; then conf+=($$arg); else data_files+="$$arg,"; fi; done' >> java-benchmark
+	@echo 'java -cp '\"tmp/java/target/*:$(top_srcdir)/java/core/target/*:$(top_srcdir)/java/util/target/*\"" \\" >>java-benchmark
+	@echo '   com.google.caliper.runner.CaliperMain com.google.protobuf.ProtoCaliperBenchmark -i runtime '"\\"  >> java-benchmark
+	@echo '   -b serializeToByteArray,serializeToMemoryStream,deserializeFromByteArray,deserializeFromMemoryStream '"\\" >> java-benchmark
+	@echo '   -DdataFile=$${data_files:0:-1} $${conf[*]}' >> java-benchmark
+	@chmod +x java-benchmark
+
+java: protoc_middleman protoc_middleman2 java-benchmark
+	./java-benchmark $(all_data)
+
+############# JAVA RULES END ##############
+
+
+############# PYTHON RULES ##############
+
+python_add_init: protoc_middleman protoc_middleman2
+	all_file=`find tmp -type f -regex '.*\.py'` &&                   \
+	for file in $${all_file[@]}; do                                  \
+		path="$${file%/*}";                                            \
+		while true; do                                                 \
+			touch "$$path/__init__.py" && chmod +x "$$path/__init__.py"; \
+			if [[ $$path != *"/"* ]]; then break; fi;                    \
+			path=$${path%/*};                                            \
+		done                                                           \
+	done
+
+python_cpp_pkg_flags = `pkg-config --cflags --libs python`
+
+lib_LTLIBRARIES = libbenchmark_messages.la
+libbenchmark_messages_la_SOURCES = python/python_benchmark_messages.cc
+libbenchmark_messages_la_LIBADD = $(top_srcdir)/src/.libs/libprotobuf.la
+libbenchmark_messages_la_LDFLAGS = -version-info 1:0:0 -export-dynamic
+libbenchmark_messages_la_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/src -I$(srcdir)/cpp $(python_cpp_pkg_flags)
+libbenchmark_messages_la-python_benchmark_messages.$(OBJEXT): $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2)
+nodist_libbenchmark_messages_la_SOURCES =                         \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs)                                    \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2)                             \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header)                      \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header)
+
+python-pure-python-benchmark: python_add_init
+	@echo "Writing shortcut script python-pure-python-benchmark..."
+	@echo '#! /bin/bash' > python-pure-python-benchmark
+	@echo export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(top_srcdir)/src/.libs >> python-pure-python-benchmark
+	@echo export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(top_srcdir)/src/.libs >> python-pure-python-benchmark
+	@echo export PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=\'python\' >> python-pure-python-benchmark
+	@echo cp $(srcdir)/python/py_benchmark.py tmp >> python-pure-python-benchmark
+	@echo python tmp/py_benchmark.py '$$@' >> python-pure-python-benchmark
+	@chmod +x python-pure-python-benchmark
+
+python-cpp-reflection-benchmark: python_add_init
+	@echo "Writing shortcut script python-cpp-reflection-benchmark..."
+	@echo '#! /bin/bash' > python-cpp-reflection-benchmark
+	@echo export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(top_srcdir)/src/.libs >> python-cpp-reflection-benchmark
+	@echo export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(top_srcdir)/src/.libs >> python-cpp-reflection-benchmark
+	@echo export PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=\'cpp\' >> python-cpp-reflection-benchmark
+	@echo cp $(srcdir)/python/py_benchmark.py tmp >> python-cpp-reflection-benchmark
+	@echo python tmp/py_benchmark.py '$$@' >> python-cpp-reflection-benchmark
+	@chmod +x python-cpp-reflection-benchmark
+
+python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark: python_add_init libbenchmark_messages.la
+	@echo "Writing shortcut script python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark..."
+	@echo '#! /bin/bash' > python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark
+	@echo export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(top_srcdir)/src/.libs >> python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark
+	@echo export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(top_srcdir)/src/.libs >> python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark
+	@echo export PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=\'cpp\' >> python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark
+	@echo cp $(srcdir)/python/py_benchmark.py tmp >> python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark
+	@echo python tmp/py_benchmark.py --cpp_generated '$$@' >> python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark
+	@chmod +x python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark
+
+python-pure-python: python-pure-python-benchmark
+	./python-pure-python-benchmark $(all_data)
+
+python-cpp-reflection: python-cpp-reflection-benchmark
+	./python-cpp-reflection-benchmark $(all_data)
+
+python-cpp-generated-code: python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark
+	./python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark $(all_data)
+
+############# PYTHON RULES END ##############
+
+############# GO RULES BEGIN ##############
+
+benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message1 =                                 \
+	datasets/google_message1/proto2/benchmark_message1_proto2.proto
+
+benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message2 =                                 \
+	datasets/google_message2/benchmark_message2.proto
+
+benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message3 =                                 \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3.proto                        \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_1.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_2.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_3.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_4.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_5.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_6.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.proto
+
+benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message4 =                                 \
+	datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4.proto                        \
+	datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_1.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_2.proto                      \
+	datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_3.proto
+
+go_protoc_middleman: make_tmp_dir $(top_srcdir)/src/protoc$(EXEEXT) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs) $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message1) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message2) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message3) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message4) $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs)
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$(top_srcdir)/src --go_out=$$oldpwd/tmp $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$(top_srcdir)/src --go_out=$$oldpwd/tmp $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$(top_srcdir)/src --go_out=$$oldpwd/tmp $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message1) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$(top_srcdir)/src --go_out=$$oldpwd/tmp $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message2) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$(top_srcdir)/src --go_out=$$oldpwd/tmp $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message3) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$(top_srcdir)/src --go_out=$$oldpwd/tmp $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message4) )
+	touch go_protoc_middleman
+
+go-benchmark: go_protoc_middleman
+	@echo "Writing shortcut script go-benchmark..."
+	@echo '#! /bin/bash' > go-benchmark
+	@echo 'cd $(srcdir)/go' >> go-benchmark
+	@echo 'all_data=""' >> go-benchmark
+	@echo 'conf=()' >> go-benchmark
+	@echo 'data_files=()' >> go-benchmark
+	@echo 'for arg in $$@; do if [[ $${arg:0:1} == "-" ]]; then conf+=($$arg); else data_files+=("$$arg"); fi; done' >> go-benchmark
+	@echo 'go test -bench=. $${conf[*]} -- $${data_files[*]}' >> go-benchmark
+	@echo 'cd ..' >> go-benchmark
+	@chmod +x go-benchmark
+
+go: go_protoc_middleman go-benchmark
+	./go-benchmark $(all_data)
+
+############# GO RULES END ##############
+
+############# GOGO RULES BEGIN ############
+
+cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header =                             \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/benchmarks.pb.h                                         \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.pb.h
+
+cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs =                                    \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/benchmarks.pb.cc                                        \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.pb.cc
+
+cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header =                      \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message1/proto2/benchmark_message1_proto2.pb.h \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message2/benchmark_message2.pb.h        \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3.pb.h        \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_1.pb.h      \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_2.pb.h      \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_3.pb.h      \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_4.pb.h      \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_5.pb.h      \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_6.pb.h      \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.pb.h      \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.pb.h      \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4.pb.h        \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_1.pb.h      \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_2.pb.h      \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_3.pb.h
+
+cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2 =                             \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message1/proto2/benchmark_message1_proto2.pb.cc \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message2/benchmark_message2.pb.cc       \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3.pb.cc       \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_1.pb.cc     \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_2.pb.cc     \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_3.pb.cc     \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_4.pb.cc     \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_5.pb.cc     \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_6.pb.cc     \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.pb.cc     \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.pb.cc     \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4.pb.cc       \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_1.pb.cc     \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_2.pb.cc     \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_3.pb.cc
+
+$(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs): cpp_no_group_protoc_middleman
+$(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header): cpp_no_group_protoc_middleman
+$(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2): cpp_no_group_protoc_middleman
+$(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header): cpp_no_group_protoc_middleman
+
+generate_cpp_no_group_benchmark_code:
+	cp $(srcdir)/cpp/cpp_benchmark.cc gogo/cpp_no_group/cpp_benchmark.cc
+	sed -i -e "s/\#include \"datasets/\#include \"gogo\/cpp_no_group\/datasets/g" gogo/cpp_no_group/cpp_benchmark.cc
+	sed -i -e "s/\#include \"benchmarks.pb.h/\#include \"gogo\/cpp_no_group\/benchmarks.pb.h/g" gogo/cpp_no_group/cpp_benchmark.cc
+	touch generate_cpp_no_group_benchmark_code
+
+bin_PROGRAMS += cpp-no-group-benchmark
+cpp_no_group_benchmark_LDADD = $(top_srcdir)/src/libprotobuf.la $(top_srcdir)/third_party/benchmark/src/libbenchmark.a
+cpp_no_group_benchmark_SOURCES = gogo/cpp_no_group/cpp_benchmark.cc
+cpp_no_group_benchmark_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/src -I$(srcdir)/gogo/cpp_no_group -I$(top_srcdir)/third_party/benchmark/include
+# Explicit deps because BUILT_SOURCES are only done before a "make all/check"
+# so a direct "make test_cpp" could fail if parallel enough.
+# See: https://www.gnu.org/software/automake/manual/html_node/Built-Sources-Example.html#Recording-Dependencies-manually
+gogo/cpp_no_group/cpp_no_group_benchmark-cpp_benchmark.$(OBJEXT): $(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs) $(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2) $(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header) \
+	$(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header) $(top_srcdir)/third_party/benchmark/src/libbenchmark.a generate_cpp_no_group_benchmark_code
+gogo/cpp_no_group/cpp_benchmark.cc: generate_cpp_no_group_benchmark_code
+nodist_cpp_no_group_benchmark_SOURCES =                                    \
+	$(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2)                         \
+	$(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs)                                \
+	$(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header)                         \
+	$(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header)
+
+cpp_no_group: cpp_no_group_protoc_middleman generate_gogo_data cpp-no-group-benchmark
+	./cpp-no-group-benchmark $(gogo_data)
+
+gogo_proto_middleman: protoc-gen-gogoproto
+	mkdir -p "tmp/gogo_proto"
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I$(srcdir) -I$(top_srcdir) --plugin=protoc-gen-gogoproto --gogoproto_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogo_proto $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2) )
+	touch gogo_proto_middleman
+
+gogo_data = $$(for data in $(all_data); do echo "tmp/gogo_data$${data\#$(srcdir)}"; done | xargs)
+
+generate_gogo_data: protoc_middleman protoc_middleman2 gogo-data-scrubber
+	mkdir -p `dirname $(gogo_data)`
+	./gogo-data-scrubber $(all_data) $(gogo_data)
+	touch generate_gogo_data
+
+make_tmp_dir_gogo:
+	mkdir -p tmp/go_no_group/benchmark_code
+	mkdir -p tmp/gogofast/benchmark_code
+	mkdir -p tmp/gogofaster/benchmark_code
+	mkdir -p tmp/gogoslick/benchmark_code
+	touch make_tmp_dir_gogo
+
+go_no_group_protoc_middleman: make_tmp_dir_gogo $(top_srcdir)/src/protoc$(EXEEXT) gogo_proto_middleman $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs)
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --go_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/go_no_group $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --go_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/go_no_group $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --go_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/go_no_group $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message1) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --go_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/go_no_group $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message2) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --go_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/go_no_group $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message3) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --go_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/go_no_group $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message4) )
+	touch go_no_group_protoc_middleman
+
+cpp_no_group_protoc_middleman: make_tmp_dir_gogo $(top_srcdir)/src/protoc$(EXEEXT) gogo_proto_middleman $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs)
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --cpp_out=$$oldpwd/gogo/cpp_no_group $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --cpp_out=$$oldpwd/gogo/cpp_no_group $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --cpp_out=$$oldpwd/gogo/cpp_no_group $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message1) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --cpp_out=$$oldpwd/gogo/cpp_no_group $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message2) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --cpp_out=$$oldpwd/gogo/cpp_no_group $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message3) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --cpp_out=$$oldpwd/gogo/cpp_no_group $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message4) )
+	touch cpp_no_group_protoc_middleman
+
+gogofast_protoc_middleman: make_tmp_dir_gogo $(top_srcdir)/src/protoc$(EXEEXT) gogo_proto_middleman $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs)
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogofast_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogofast $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogofast_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogofast $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogofast_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogofast $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message1) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogofast_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogofast $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message2) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogofast_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogofast $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message3) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogofast_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogofast $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message4) )
+	touch gogofast_protoc_middleman
+
+gogofaster_protoc_middleman: make_tmp_dir_gogo $(top_srcdir)/src/protoc$(EXEEXT) gogo_proto_middleman $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs)
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogofaster_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogofaster $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogofaster_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogofaster $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogofaster_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogofaster $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message1) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogofaster_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogofaster $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message2) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogofaster_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogofaster $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message3) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogofaster_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogofaster $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message4) )
+	touch gogofaster_protoc_middleman
+
+gogoslick_protoc_middleman: make_tmp_dir_gogo $(top_srcdir)/src/protoc$(EXEEXT) gogo_proto_middleman $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs)
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogoslick_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogoslick $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogoslick_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogoslick $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogoslick_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogoslick $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message1) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogoslick_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogoslick $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message2) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogoslick_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogoslick $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message3) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir)/tmp/gogo_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$$oldpwd/$(top_srcdir)/src --gogoslick_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/gogoslick $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2_message4) )
+	touch gogoslick_protoc_middleman
+
+generate-gogo-benchmark-code:
+	@echo '#! /bin/bash' > generate-gogo-benchmark-code
+	@echo 'cp $(srcdir)/go/go_benchmark_test.go tmp/$$1/benchmark_code/$$1_benchmark1_test.go' >> generate-gogo-benchmark-code
+	@echo 'sed -i -e "s/\.\.\/tmp/../g" tmp/$$1/benchmark_code/$$1_benchmark1_test.go' >> generate-gogo-benchmark-code
+	@echo 'sed -i -e "s/b\.Run(\"\(.*\)\"/b.Run(\"\1\_$$1\"/g" tmp/$$1/benchmark_code/$$1_benchmark1_test.go' >> generate-gogo-benchmark-code
+	@echo 'if [[ $$2 == 1 ]]; then sed -i -e "s/github\.com\/golang/github.com\/gogo/g" tmp/$$1/benchmark_code/$$1_benchmark1_test.go; fi ' >> generate-gogo-benchmark-code
+	@chmod +x generate-gogo-benchmark-code
+
+generate_all_gogo_benchmark_code: generate-gogo-benchmark-code make_tmp_dir_gogo
+	./generate-gogo-benchmark-code go_no_group 0
+	./generate-gogo-benchmark-code gogofast 1
+	./generate-gogo-benchmark-code gogofaster 1
+	./generate-gogo-benchmark-code gogoslick 1
+
+gogo-benchmark:
+	@echo "Writing shortcut script gogo-benchmark..."
+	@echo '#! /bin/bash' > gogo-benchmark
+	@echo 'cd tmp/$$1/benchmark_code' >> gogo-benchmark
+	@echo 'shift' >> gogo-benchmark
+	@echo 'all_data=""' >> gogo-benchmark
+	@echo 'for data_file in $$@; do all_data="$$all_data ../../../$$data_file"; done' >> gogo-benchmark
+	@echo 'go test -bench=. -- $$all_data' >> gogo-benchmark
+	@echo 'cd ../..' >> gogo-benchmark
+	@chmod +x gogo-benchmark
+
+go_no_group: go_no_group_protoc_middleman generate_gogo_data generate_all_gogo_benchmark_code gogo-benchmark
+	./gogo-benchmark go_no_group $(gogo_data)
+
+gogofast: gogofast_protoc_middleman generate_gogo_data gogo-benchmark generate_all_gogo_benchmark_code
+	./gogo-benchmark gogofast $(gogo_data)
+
+gogofaster: gogofaster_protoc_middleman  generate_gogo_data gogo-benchmark generate_all_gogo_benchmark_code
+	./gogo-benchmark gogofaster $(gogo_data)
+
+gogoslick: gogoslick_protoc_middleman  generate_gogo_data gogo-benchmark generate_all_gogo_benchmark_code
+	./gogo-benchmark gogoslick $(gogo_data)
+
+
+############# GOGO RULES END ############
+
+
+############ UTIL RULES BEGIN ############
+
+bin_PROGRAMS += protoc-gen-gogoproto gogo-data-scrubber protoc-gen-proto2_to_proto3 proto3-data-stripper
+
+protoc_gen_gogoproto_LDADD = $(top_srcdir)/src/libprotobuf.la $(top_srcdir)/src/libprotoc.la
+protoc_gen_gogoproto_SOURCES = util/protoc-gen-gogoproto.cc
+protoc_gen_gogoproto_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/src -I$(srcdir)/cpp -I$(srcdir)/util
+
+gogo_data_scrubber_LDADD = $(top_srcdir)/src/libprotobuf.la
+gogo_data_scrubber_SOURCES = util/gogo_data_scrubber.cc
+gogo_data_scrubber_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/src -I$(srcdir)/cpp -I$(srcdir)/util
+util/gogo_data_scrubber-gogo_data_scrubber.$(OBJEXT): $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header)
+nodist_gogo_data_scrubber_SOURCES =                                        \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs)                                             \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2)                                      \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header)                               \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header)
+
+protoc_gen_proto2_to_proto3_LDADD = $(top_srcdir)/src/libprotobuf.la $(top_srcdir)/src/libprotoc.la
+protoc_gen_proto2_to_proto3_SOURCES = util/protoc-gen-proto2_to_proto3.cc
+protoc_gen_proto2_to_proto3_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/src -I$(srcdir)/cpp -I$(srcdir)/util
+
+proto3_data_stripper_LDADD = $(top_srcdir)/src/libprotobuf.la
+proto3_data_stripper_SOURCES = util/proto3_data_stripper.cc
+proto3_data_stripper_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/src -I$(srcdir)/cpp -I$(srcdir)/util
+util/proto3_data_stripper-proto3_data_stripper.$(OBJEXT): $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header) $(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header)
+nodist_proto3_data_stripper_SOURCES =                                      \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs)                                             \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2)                                      \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header)                               \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header)
+
+
+############ UTIL RULES END ############
+
+############ PROTO3 PREPARATION BEGIN #############
+
+proto3_proto_middleman: protoc-gen-proto2_to_proto3
+	mkdir -p "tmp/proto3_proto"
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I$(srcdir) -I$(top_srcdir) --plugin=protoc-gen-proto2_to_proto3 --proto2_to_proto3_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/proto3_proto $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2) )
+	touch proto3_proto_middleman
+
+full_srcdir = $$(cd $(srcdir) && pwd)
+proto3_data = $$(for data in $(all_data); do echo $(full_srcdir)"/tmp/proto3_data$${data\#$(full_srcdir)}"; done | xargs)
+
+generate_proto3_data: protoc_middleman protoc_middleman2 proto3-data-stripper
+	mkdir -p `dirname $(proto3_data)`
+	./proto3-data-stripper $(all_data) $(proto3_data)
+	touch generate_proto3_data
+
+############ PROTO3 PREPARATION END #############
+
+############ PHP RULES BEGIN #################
+
+proto3_middleman_php: proto3_proto_middleman
+	mkdir -p "tmp/php"
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd tmp/proto3_proto && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I$(srcdir) -I$(top_srcdir) --php_out=$$oldpwd/tmp/php $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2) )
+	touch proto3_middleman_php
+
+php-benchmark: proto3_middleman_php generate_proto3_data
+	mkdir -p "tmp/php/Google/Protobuf/Benchmark" && cp php/PhpBenchmark.php "tmp/php/Google/Protobuf/Benchmark"
+	cp php/autoload.php "tmp/php"
+	@echo "Writing shortcut script php-benchmark..."
+	@echo '#! /bin/bash' > php-benchmark
+	@echo 'export PROTOBUF_PHP_SRCDIR="$$(cd $(top_srcdir) && pwd)/php/src"' >> php-benchmark
+	@echo 'cd tmp/php' >> php-benchmark
+	@echo 'export CURRENT_DIR=$$(pwd)' >> php-benchmark
+	@echo 'php -d auto_prepend_file="autoload.php" -d include_path="$$(pwd)" Google/Protobuf/Benchmark/PhpBenchmark.php $$@' >> php-benchmark
+	@echo 'cd ../..' >> php-benchmark
+	@chmod +x php-benchmark
+
+php: php-benchmark proto3_middleman_php
+	./php-benchmark --behavior_prefix="php" $(proto3_data)
+
+php_c_extension:
+	cd $(top_srcdir)/php/ext/google/protobuf && phpize && ./configure CFLAGS='-O3' && make -j8
+
+php-c-benchmark: proto3_middleman_php generate_proto3_data php_c_extension php_c_extension
+	mkdir -p "tmp/php/Google/Protobuf/Benchmark" && cp php/PhpBenchmark.php "tmp/php/Google/Protobuf/Benchmark"
+	cp php/autoload.php "tmp/php"
+	@echo "Writing shortcut script php-c-benchmark..."
+	@echo '#! /bin/bash' > php-c-benchmark
+	@echo 'export PROTOBUF_PHP_SRCDIR="$$(cd $(top_srcdir) && pwd)/php/src"' >> php-c-benchmark
+	@echo 'export PROTOBUF_PHP_EXTDIR="$$PROTOBUF_PHP_SRCDIR/../ext/google/protobuf/modules"' >> php-c-benchmark
+	@echo 'cd tmp/php' >> php-c-benchmark
+	@echo 'export CURRENT_DIR=$$(pwd)' >> php-c-benchmark
+	@echo 'php -d auto_prepend_file="autoload.php" -d include_path="$$(pwd)" -d extension="$$PROTOBUF_PHP_EXTDIR/protobuf.so" Google/Protobuf/Benchmark/PhpBenchmark.php $$@' >> php-c-benchmark
+	@echo 'cd ../..' >> php-c-benchmark
+	@chmod +x php-c-benchmark
+
+php_c: php-c-benchmark proto3_middleman_php
+	./php-c-benchmark --behavior_prefix="php_c" $(proto3_data)
+
+
+############ PHP RULES END #################
+
+############ protobuf.js RULE BEGIN #############
+
+pbjs_preparation:
+	mkdir -p tmp/protobuf.js
+	cd tmp/protobuf.js && git clone https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js.git && \
+			cd protobuf.js && npm install && npm run build
+	cd tmp/protobuf.js && npm install benchmark
+	cp protobuf.js/* tmp/protobuf.js
+	cp js/benchmark_suite.js tmp/protobuf.js
+	touch pbjs_preparation
+
+pbjs_middleman: pbjs_preparation
+	export OLDDIR=$$(pwd) && cd tmp/protobuf.js && node generate_pbjs_files.js --target static-module --include_path=$$OLDDIR -o generated_bundle_code.js $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2)
+	touch pbjs_middleman
+
+pbjs-benchmark: pbjs_middleman
+	@echo '#! /bin/bash' > pbjs-benchmark
+	@echo 'cd tmp/protobuf.js' >> pbjs-benchmark
+	@echo 'sed -i "s/protobufjs/.\/protobuf.js/g" generated_bundle_code.js' >> pbjs-benchmark
+	@echo 'env NODE_PATH=".:./node_modules:$$NODE_PATH" node protobufjs_benchmark.js $$@' >> pbjs-benchmark
+	@chmod +x pbjs-benchmark
+
+pbjs: pbjs-benchmark
+	./pbjs-benchmark $(all_data)
+
+############ protobuf.js RULE END #############
+
+############ JS RULE BEGIN #############
+
+js_preparation:
+	mkdir -p tmp/js
+	oldpwd=$$(pwd) && cd $(top_srcdir)/js && npm install && npm test
+	cd tmp/js && npm install benchmark
+	cp js/* tmp/js
+	touch js_preparation
+
+js_middleman: js_preparation
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$(top_srcdir)/src --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:$$oldpwd/tmp/js $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper) $(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2))
+	touch js_middleman
+
+js-benchmark: js_middleman
+	@echo '#! /bin/bash' > js-benchmark
+	@echo 'export TOP_JS_SRCDIR=$$(cd $(top_srcdir)/js && pwd)' >> js-benchmark
+	@echo 'cd tmp/js' >> js-benchmark
+	@echo 'env NODE_PATH="$$TOP_JS_SRCDIR:.:./node_modules:$$NODE_PATH" node --max-old-space-size=4096 js_benchmark.js $$@' >> js-benchmark
+	@chmod +x js-benchmark
+
+js: js-benchmark
+	./js-benchmark $(all_data)
+
+############ JS RULE END #############
+
+EXTRA_DIST =									\
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_benchmark_wrapper)				\
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_inputs)						\
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_inputs_proto2)					\
+	google_size.proto
+
+MAINTAINERCLEANFILES =                                                     \
+	Makefile.in
+
+CLEANFILES =                                                               \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs)                                             \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header)                                      \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2)                                      \
+	$(benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header)                               \
+	initialize_submodule                                                     \
+	make_tmp_dir                                                             \
+	protoc_middleman                                                         \
+	protoc_middleman2                                                        \
+	javac_middleman                                                          \
+	java-benchmark                                                           \
+	python_cpp_proto_library                                                 \
+	python-pure-python-benchmark                                             \
+	python-cpp-reflection-benchmark                                          \
+	python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark                                      \
+	go-benchmark                                                             \
+	go_protoc_middleman                                                      \
+	make_tmp_dir_gogo                                                        \
+	gogo_proto_middleman                                                     \
+	generate_gogo_data                                                       \
+	go_no_group_protoc_middleman                                             \
+	go_no_group                                                              \
+	go-no-group-benchmark                                                    \
+	$(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_header)                         \
+	$(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs)                                \
+	$(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2_header)                  \
+	$(cpp_no_group_benchmarks_protoc_outputs_proto2)                         \
+	generate_all_gogo_benchmark_code                                         \
+	generate-gogo-benchmark-code                                             \
+	cpp_no_group_protoc_middleman                                            \
+	generate_cpp_no_group_benchmark_code                                     \
+	generate_gogo_benchmark_code                                             \
+	gogofast_protoc_middleman                                                \
+	gogofast                                                                 \
+	gogofaster_protoc_middleman                                              \
+	gogofaster                                                               \
+	gogoslick_protoc_middleman                                               \
+	gogoslick                                                                \
+	gogo-benchmark                                                           \
+	gogo/cpp_no_group/cpp_benchmark.*                                        \
+	proto3_proto_middleman                                                   \
+	generate_proto3_data                                                     \
+	php-benchmark                                                            \
+	php-c-benchmark                                                          \
+	proto3_middleman_php                                                     \
+	pbjs_preparation                                                         \
+	pbjs_middleman                                                           \
+	pbjs-benchmark                                                           \
+	js_preparation                                                           \
+	js_middleman                                                             \
+	js-benchmark
+
+clean-local:
+	-rm -rf tmp/*
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9711fa167
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+
+# Protocol Buffers Benchmarks
+
+This directory contains benchmarking schemas and data sets that you
+can use to test a variety of performance scenarios against your
+protobuf language runtime. If you are looking for performance
+numbers of officially support languages, see [here](
+https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/docs/performance.md)
+
+## Prerequisite
+
+First, you need to follow the instruction in the root directory's README to
+build your language's protobuf, then:
+
+### CPP
+You need to install [cmake](https://cmake.org/) before building the benchmark.
+
+We are using [google/benchmark](https://github.com/google/benchmark) as the
+benchmark tool for testing cpp. This will be automaticly made during build the
+cpp benchmark.
+
+The cpp protobuf performance can be improved by linking with [tcmalloc library](
+https://gperftools.github.io/gperftools/tcmalloc.html). For using tcmalloc, you
+need to build [gpertools](https://github.com/gperftools/gperftools) to generate
+libtcmallc.so library.
+
+### Java
+We're using maven to build the java benchmarks, which is the same as to build
+the Java protobuf. There're no other tools need to install. We're using
+[google/caliper](https://github.com/google/caliper) as benchmark tool, which
+can be automaticly included by maven.
+
+### Python
+We're using python C++ API for testing the generated
+CPP proto version of python protobuf, which is also a prerequisite for Python
+protobuf cpp implementation. You need to install the correct version of Python
+C++ extension package before run generated CPP proto version of Python
+protobuf's benchmark. e.g. under Ubuntu, you need to
+
+```
+$ sudo apt-get install python-dev
+$ sudo apt-get install python3-dev
+```
+And you also need to make sure `pkg-config` is installed.
+
+### Go
+Go protobufs are maintained at [github.com/golang/protobuf](
+http://github.com/golang/protobuf). If not done already, you need to install the
+toolchain and the Go protoc-gen-go plugin for protoc.
+
+To install protoc-gen-go, run:
+
+```
+$ go get -u github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go
+$ export PATH=$PATH:$(go env GOPATH)/bin
+```
+
+The first command installs `protoc-gen-go` into the `bin` directory in your local `GOPATH`.
+The second command adds the `bin` directory to your `PATH` so that `protoc` can locate the plugin later.
+
+### PHP
+PHP benchmark's requirement is the same as PHP protobuf's requirements. The benchmark will automaticly
+include PHP protobuf's src and build the c extension if required.
+
+### Node.js
+Node.js benchmark need [node](https://nodejs.org/en/)(higher than V6) and [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/) package manager installed. This benchmark is using the [benchmark](https://www.npmjs.com/package/benchmark) framework to test, which needn't to manually install. And another prerequisite is [protobuf js](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/tree/master/js), which needn't to manually install either
+
+### C#
+The C# benchmark code is built as part of the main Google.Protobuf
+solution. It requires the .NET Core SDK, and depends on
+[BenchmarkDotNet](https://github.com/dotnet/BenchmarkDotNet), which
+will be downloaded automatically.
+
+### Big data
+
+There's some optional big testing data which is not included in the directory
+initially, you need to run the following command to download the testing data:
+
+```
+$ ./download_data.sh
+```
+
+After doing this the big data file will automatically generated in the
+benchmark directory.
+
+## Run instructions
+
+To run all the benchmark dataset:
+
+### Java:
+
+```
+$ make java
+```
+
+### CPP:
+
+```
+$ make cpp
+```
+
+For linking with tcmalloc:
+
+```
+$ env LD_PRELOAD={directory to libtcmalloc.so} make cpp
+```
+
+### Python:
+
+We have three versions of python protobuf implementation: pure python, cpp
+reflection and cpp generated code. To run these version benchmark, you need to:
+
+#### Pure Python:
+
+```
+$ make python-pure-python
+```
+
+#### CPP reflection:
+
+```
+$ make python-cpp-reflection
+```
+
+#### CPP generated code:
+
+```
+$ make python-cpp-generated-code
+```
+
+### Go
+```
+$ make go
+```
+
+
+### PHP
+We have two version of php protobuf implemention: pure php, php with c extension. To run these version benchmark, you need to:
+#### Pure PHP
+```
+$ make php
+```
+#### PHP with c extension
+```
+$ make php_c
+```
+
+### Node.js
+```
+$ make js
+```
+
+To run a specific dataset or run with specific options:
+
+### Java:
+
+```
+$ make java-benchmark
+$ ./java-benchmark $(specific generated dataset file name) [$(caliper options)]
+```
+
+### CPP:
+
+```
+$ make cpp-benchmark
+$ ./cpp-benchmark $(specific generated dataset file name) [$(benchmark options)]
+```
+
+### Python:
+
+For Python benchmark we have `--json` for outputing the json result
+
+#### Pure Python:
+
+```
+$ make python-pure-python-benchmark
+$ ./python-pure-python-benchmark [--json] $(specific generated dataset file name)
+```
+
+#### CPP reflection:
+
+```
+$ make python-cpp-reflection-benchmark
+$ ./python-cpp-reflection-benchmark [--json] $(specific generated dataset file name)
+```
+
+#### CPP generated code:
+
+```
+$ make python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark
+$ ./python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark [--json] $(specific generated dataset file name)
+```
+
+### Go:
+```
+$ make go-benchmark
+$ ./go-benchmark $(specific generated dataset file name) [go testing options]
+```
+
+### PHP
+#### Pure PHP
+```
+$ make php-benchmark
+$ ./php-benchmark $(specific generated dataset file name)
+```
+#### PHP with c extension
+```
+$ make php-c-benchmark
+$ ./php-c-benchmark $(specific generated dataset file name)
+```
+
+### Node.js
+```
+$ make js-benchmark
+$ ./js-benchmark $(specific generated dataset file name)
+```
+
+### C#
+From `csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks`, run:
+
+```
+$ dotnet run -c Release
+```
+
+We intend to add support for this within the makefile in due course.
+
+## Benchmark datasets
+
+Each data set is in the format of benchmarks.proto:
+
+1. name is the benchmark dataset's name.
+2. message_name is the benchmark's message type full name (including package and message name)
+3. payload is the list of raw data.
+
+The schema for the datasets is described in `benchmarks.proto`.
+
+Benchmark likely want to run several benchmarks against each data set (parse,
+serialize, possibly JSON, possibly using different APIs, etc).
+
+We would like to add more data sets.  In general we will favor data sets
+that make the overall suite diverse without being too large or having
+too many similar tests.  Ideally everyone can run through the entire
+suite without the test run getting too long.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/benchmarks.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/benchmarks.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51c0b5487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/benchmarks.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+package benchmarks;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+message BenchmarkDataset {
+  // Name of the benchmark dataset.  This should be unique across all datasets.
+  // Should only contain word characters: [a-zA-Z0-9_]
+  string name = 1;
+
+  // Fully-qualified name of the protobuf message for this dataset.
+  // It will be one of the messages defined benchmark_messages_proto2.proto
+  // or benchmark_messages_proto3.proto.
+  //
+  // Implementations that do not support reflection can implement this with
+  // an explicit "if/else" chain that lists every known message defined
+  // in those files.
+  string message_name = 2;
+
+  // The payload(s) for this dataset.  They should be parsed or serialized
+  // in sequence, in a loop, ie.
+  //
+  //  while (!benchmarkDone) {  // Benchmark runner decides when to exit.
+  //    for (i = 0; i < benchmark.payload.length; i++) {
+  //      parse(benchmark.payload[i])
+  //    }
+  //  }
+  //
+  // This is intended to let datasets include a variety of data to provide
+  // potentially more realistic results than just parsing the same message
+  // over and over.  A single message parsed repeatedly could yield unusually
+  // good branch prediction performance.
+  repeated bytes payload = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/cpp/cpp_benchmark.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/cpp/cpp_benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..036d234fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/cpp/cpp_benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "benchmarks.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message1/proto2/benchmark_message1_proto2.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message2/benchmark_message2.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4.pb.h"
+
+
+#define PREFIX "dataset."
+#define SUFFIX ".pb"
+
+using benchmarks::BenchmarkDataset;
+using google::protobuf::Arena;
+using google::protobuf::Descriptor;
+using google::protobuf::DescriptorPool;
+using google::protobuf::Message;
+using google::protobuf::MessageFactory;
+
+class Fixture : public benchmark::Fixture {
+ public:
+  Fixture(const BenchmarkDataset& dataset, const std::string& suffix) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < dataset.payload_size(); i++) {
+      payloads_.push_back(dataset.payload(i));
+    }
+
+    const Descriptor* d =
+        DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindMessageTypeByName(
+            dataset.message_name());
+
+    if (!d) {
+      std::cerr << "Couldn't find message named '" << dataset.message_name()
+                << "\n";
+    }
+
+    prototype_ = MessageFactory::generated_factory()->GetPrototype(d);
+    SetName((dataset.name() + suffix).c_str());
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::vector<std::string> payloads_;
+  const Message* prototype_;
+};
+
+class WrappingCounter {
+ public:
+  WrappingCounter(size_t limit) : value_(0), limit_(limit) {}
+
+  size_t Next() {
+    size_t ret = value_;
+    if (++value_ == limit_) {
+      value_ = 0;
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  size_t value_;
+  size_t limit_;
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class ParseNewFixture : public Fixture {
+ public:
+  ParseNewFixture(const BenchmarkDataset& dataset)
+      : Fixture(dataset, "_parse_new") {}
+
+  virtual void BenchmarkCase(benchmark::State& state) {
+    WrappingCounter i(payloads_.size());
+    size_t total = 0;
+
+    while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+      T m;
+      const std::string& payload = payloads_[i.Next()];
+      total += payload.size();
+      m.ParseFromString(payload);
+    }
+
+    state.SetBytesProcessed(total);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class ParseNewArenaFixture : public Fixture {
+ public:
+  ParseNewArenaFixture(const BenchmarkDataset& dataset)
+      : Fixture(dataset, "_parse_newarena") {}
+
+  virtual void BenchmarkCase(benchmark::State& state) {
+    WrappingCounter i(payloads_.size());
+    size_t total = 0;
+    Arena arena;
+
+    while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+      arena.Reset();
+      Message* m = Arena::CreateMessage<T>(&arena);
+      const std::string& payload = payloads_[i.Next()];
+      total += payload.size();
+      m->ParseFromString(payload);
+    }
+
+    state.SetBytesProcessed(total);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class ParseReuseFixture : public Fixture {
+ public:
+  ParseReuseFixture(const BenchmarkDataset& dataset)
+      : Fixture(dataset, "_parse_reuse") {}
+
+  virtual void BenchmarkCase(benchmark::State& state) {
+    T m;
+    WrappingCounter i(payloads_.size());
+    size_t total = 0;
+
+    while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+      const std::string& payload = payloads_[i.Next()];
+      total += payload.size();
+      m.ParseFromString(payload);
+    }
+
+    state.SetBytesProcessed(total);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class SerializeFixture : public Fixture {
+ public:
+  SerializeFixture(const BenchmarkDataset& dataset)
+      : Fixture(dataset, "_serialize") {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < payloads_.size(); i++) {
+      message_.push_back(new T);
+      message_.back()->ParseFromString(payloads_[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~SerializeFixture() {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < message_.size(); i++) {
+      delete message_[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  virtual void BenchmarkCase(benchmark::State& state) {
+    size_t total = 0;
+    std::string str;
+    WrappingCounter i(payloads_.size());
+
+    while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+      str.clear();
+      message_[i.Next()]->SerializeToString(&str);
+      total += str.size();
+    }
+
+    state.SetBytesProcessed(total);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<T*> message_;
+};
+
+std::string ReadFile(const std::string& name) {
+  std::ifstream file(name.c_str());
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file.is_open()) << "Couldn't find file '" << name <<
+                                  "', please make sure you are running "
+                                  "this command from the benchmarks/ "
+                                  "directory.\n";
+  return std::string((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(file)),
+                     std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void RegisterBenchmarksForType(const BenchmarkDataset& dataset) {
+  ::benchmark::internal::RegisterBenchmarkInternal(
+      new ParseNewFixture<T>(dataset));
+  ::benchmark::internal::RegisterBenchmarkInternal(
+      new ParseReuseFixture<T>(dataset));
+  ::benchmark::internal::RegisterBenchmarkInternal(
+      new ParseNewArenaFixture<T>(dataset));
+  ::benchmark::internal::RegisterBenchmarkInternal(
+      new SerializeFixture<T>(dataset));
+}
+
+void RegisterBenchmarks(const std::string& dataset_bytes) {
+  BenchmarkDataset dataset;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(dataset.ParseFromString(dataset_bytes));
+
+  if (dataset.message_name() == "benchmarks.proto3.GoogleMessage1") {
+    RegisterBenchmarksForType<benchmarks::proto3::GoogleMessage1>(dataset);
+  } else if (dataset.message_name() == "benchmarks.proto2.GoogleMessage1") {
+    RegisterBenchmarksForType<benchmarks::proto2::GoogleMessage1>(dataset);
+  } else if (dataset.message_name() == "benchmarks.proto2.GoogleMessage2") {
+    RegisterBenchmarksForType<benchmarks::proto2::GoogleMessage2>(dataset);
+  } else if (dataset.message_name() ==
+      "benchmarks.google_message3.GoogleMessage3") {
+    RegisterBenchmarksForType
+    <benchmarks::google_message3::GoogleMessage3>(dataset);
+  } else if (dataset.message_name() ==
+      "benchmarks.google_message4.GoogleMessage4") {
+    RegisterBenchmarksForType
+    <benchmarks::google_message4::GoogleMessage4>(dataset);
+  } else {
+    std::cerr << "Unknown message type: " << dataset.message_name();
+    exit(1);
+  }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  ::benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);
+  if (argc == 1) {
+    std::cerr << "Usage: ./cpp-benchmark <input data>" << std::endl;
+    std::cerr << "input data is in the format of \"benchmarks.proto\""
+        << std::endl;
+    return 1;
+  } else {
+    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+      RegisterBenchmarks(ReadFile(argv[i]));
+    }
+  }
+
+  ::benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks();
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message1/proto2/benchmark_message1_proto2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message1/proto2/benchmark_message1_proto2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21261905d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message1/proto2/benchmark_message1_proto2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Benchmark messages for proto2.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package benchmarks.proto2;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+// This is the default, but we specify it here explicitly.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+message GoogleMessage1 {
+  required string field1 = 1;
+  optional string field9 = 9;
+  optional string field18 = 18;
+  optional bool field80 = 80 [default = false];
+  optional bool field81 = 81 [default = true];
+  required int32 field2 = 2;
+  required int32 field3 = 3;
+  optional int32 field280 = 280;
+  optional int32 field6 = 6 [default = 0];
+  optional int64 field22 = 22;
+  optional string field4 = 4;
+  repeated fixed64 field5 = 5;
+  optional bool field59 = 59 [default = false];
+  optional string field7 = 7;
+  optional int32 field16 = 16;
+  optional int32 field130 = 130 [default = 0];
+  optional bool field12 = 12 [default = true];
+  optional bool field17 = 17 [default = true];
+  optional bool field13 = 13 [default = true];
+  optional bool field14 = 14 [default = true];
+  optional int32 field104 = 104 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field100 = 100 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field101 = 101 [default = 0];
+  optional string field102 = 102;
+  optional string field103 = 103;
+  optional int32 field29 = 29 [default = 0];
+  optional bool field30 = 30 [default = false];
+  optional int32 field60 = 60 [default = -1];
+  optional int32 field271 = 271 [default = -1];
+  optional int32 field272 = 272 [default = -1];
+  optional int32 field150 = 150;
+  optional int32 field23 = 23 [default = 0];
+  optional bool field24 = 24 [default = false];
+  optional int32 field25 = 25 [default = 0];
+  optional GoogleMessage1SubMessage field15 = 15;
+  optional bool field78 = 78;
+  optional int32 field67 = 67 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field68 = 68;
+  optional int32 field128 = 128 [default = 0];
+  optional string field129 = 129 [default = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"];
+  optional int32 field131 = 131 [default = 0];
+}
+
+message GoogleMessage1SubMessage {
+  optional int32 field1 = 1 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field2 = 2 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field3 = 3 [default = 0];
+  optional string field15 = 15;
+  optional bool field12 = 12 [default = true];
+  optional int64 field13 = 13;
+  optional int64 field14 = 14;
+  optional int32 field16 = 16;
+  optional int32 field19 = 19 [default = 2];
+  optional bool field20 = 20 [default = true];
+  optional bool field28 = 28 [default = true];
+  optional fixed64 field21 = 21;
+  optional int32 field22 = 22;
+  optional bool field23 = 23 [default = false];
+  optional bool field206 = 206 [default = false];
+  optional fixed32 field203 = 203;
+  optional int32 field204 = 204;
+  optional string field205 = 205;
+  optional uint64 field207 = 207;
+  optional uint64 field300 = 300;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message1/proto2/dataset.google_message1_proto2.pb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message1/proto2/dataset.google_message1_proto2.pb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f6fe7848c
Binary files /dev/null and b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message1/proto2/dataset.google_message1_proto2.pb differ
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..090b554be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Benchmark messages for proto3.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package benchmarks.proto3;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+// This is the default, but we specify it here explicitly.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+message GoogleMessage1 {
+  string field1 = 1;
+  string field9 = 9;
+  string field18 = 18;
+  bool field80 = 80;
+  bool field81 = 81;
+  int32 field2 = 2;
+  int32 field3 = 3;
+  int32 field280 = 280;
+  int32 field6 = 6;
+  int64 field22 = 22;
+  string field4 = 4;
+  repeated fixed64 field5 = 5;
+  bool field59 = 59;
+  string field7 = 7;
+  int32 field16 = 16;
+  int32 field130 = 130;
+  bool field12 = 12;
+  bool field17 = 17;
+  bool field13 = 13;
+  bool field14 = 14;
+  int32 field104 = 104;
+  int32 field100 = 100;
+  int32 field101 = 101;
+  string field102 = 102;
+  string field103 = 103;
+  int32 field29 = 29;
+  bool field30 = 30;
+  int32 field60 = 60;
+  int32 field271 = 271;
+  int32 field272 = 272;
+  int32 field150 = 150;
+  int32 field23 = 23;
+  bool field24 = 24;
+  int32 field25 = 25;
+  GoogleMessage1SubMessage field15 = 15;
+  bool field78 = 78;
+  int32 field67 = 67;
+  int32 field68 = 68;
+  int32 field128 = 128;
+  string field129 = 129;
+  int32 field131 = 131;
+}
+
+message GoogleMessage1SubMessage {
+  int32 field1 = 1;
+  int32 field2 = 2;
+  int32 field3 = 3;
+  string field15 = 15;
+  bool field12 = 12;
+  int64 field13 = 13;
+  int64 field14 = 14;
+  int32 field16 = 16;
+  int32 field19 = 19;
+  bool field20  = 20;
+  bool field28 = 28;
+  fixed64 field21 = 21;
+  int32 field22 = 22;
+  bool field23 = 23;
+  bool field206 = 206;
+  fixed32 field203 = 203;
+  int32 field204 = 204;
+  string field205 = 205;
+  uint64 field207 = 207;
+  uint64 field300 = 300;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message1/proto3/dataset.google_message1_proto3.pb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message1/proto3/dataset.google_message1_proto3.pb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4955bed31
Binary files /dev/null and b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message1/proto3/dataset.google_message1_proto3.pb differ
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message2/benchmark_message2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message2/benchmark_message2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..820630e44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message2/benchmark_message2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Benchmark messages for proto2.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package benchmarks.proto2;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+// This is the default, but we specify it here explicitly.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+message GoogleMessage2 {
+  optional string field1 = 1;
+  optional int64 field3 = 3;
+  optional int64 field4 = 4;
+  optional int64 field30 = 30;
+  optional bool field75 = 75 [default = false];
+  optional string field6 = 6;
+  optional bytes field2 = 2;
+  optional int32 field21 = 21 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field71 = 71;
+  optional float field25 = 25;
+  optional int32 field109 = 109 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field210 = 210 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field211 = 211 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field212 = 212 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field213 = 213 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field216 = 216 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field217 = 217 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field218 = 218 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field220 = 220 [default = 0];
+  optional int32 field221 = 221 [default = 0];
+  optional float field222 = 222 [default = 0.0];
+  optional int32 field63 = 63;
+
+  repeated group Group1 = 10 {
+    required float field11 = 11;
+    optional float field26 = 26;
+    optional string field12 = 12;
+    optional string field13 = 13;
+    repeated string field14 = 14;
+    required uint64 field15 = 15;
+    optional int32 field5 = 5;
+    optional string field27 = 27;
+    optional int32 field28 = 28;
+    optional string field29 = 29;
+    optional string field16 = 16;
+    repeated string field22 = 22;
+    repeated int32 field73 = 73;
+    optional int32 field20 = 20 [default = 0];
+    optional string field24 = 24;
+    optional GoogleMessage2GroupedMessage field31 = 31;
+  }
+  repeated string field128 = 128;
+  optional int64 field131 = 131;
+  repeated string field127 = 127;
+  optional int32 field129 = 129;
+  repeated int64 field130 = 130;
+  optional bool field205 = 205 [default = false];
+  optional bool field206 = 206 [default = false];
+}
+
+message GoogleMessage2GroupedMessage {
+  optional float field1 = 1;
+  optional float field2 = 2;
+  optional float field3 = 3 [default = 0.0];
+  optional bool field4 = 4;
+  optional bool field5 = 5;
+  optional bool field6 = 6 [default = true];
+  optional bool field7 = 7 [default = false];
+  optional float field8 = 8;
+  optional bool field9 = 9;
+  optional float field10 = 10;
+  optional int64 field11 = 11;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message2/dataset.google_message2.pb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message2/dataset.google_message2.pb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3fa0e49e5
Binary files /dev/null and b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message2/dataset.google_message2.pb differ
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6f0d14e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,534 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_1.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_2.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_3.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_4.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_5.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.proto";
+package benchmarks.google_message3;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+message GoogleMessage3 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message37487 field37519 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message36876 field37520 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13062 field37521 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message952 field37522 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37523 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37524 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37525 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37526 = 9;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37527 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37528 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37529 = 12;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37530 = 13;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37531 = 14;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37532 = 15;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37533 = 16;
+}
+
+message Message1327 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field1369 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message1328 field1370 = 3;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field1371 = 5;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field1372 = 6;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message1327 field1373 = 23104162;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message3672 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum3476 field3727 = 1;
+  optional int32 field3728 = 11;
+  optional int32 field3729 = 2;
+  repeated group Message3673 = 3 {
+    required .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum3476 field3738 = 4;
+    required int32 field3739 = 5;
+  }
+  repeated group Message3674 = 6 {
+    required .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum3476 field3740 = 7;
+    required int32 field3741 = 8;
+  }
+  optional bool field3732 = 9;
+  optional int32 field3733 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum3476 field3734 = 20;
+  optional int32 field3735 = 21;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field3736 = 50;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message3672 field3737 = 3144435;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message3804 {
+  required int64 field3818 = 1;
+  required bool field3819 = 2;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum3805 field3820 = 4;
+  optional int32 field3821 = 5;
+  optional bool field3822 = 6;
+  optional int64 field3823 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum3783 field3824 = 8;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message3804 field3825 = 59241828;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message6849 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6850 field6910 = 1;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6849 field6911 = 107558455;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message6866 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6863 field6973 = 1;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6866 field6974 = 22259060;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message6870 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6871 field6991 = 1;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6870 field6992 = 90034652;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message7651 {
+  optional string field7685 = 1;
+  optional int64 field7686 = 2;
+  optional int64 field7687 = 3;
+  optional int64 field7688 = 4;
+  optional int32 field7689 = 5;
+  optional int32 field7690 = 6;
+  optional int32 field7691 = 7;
+  optional int32 field7692 = 8;
+  optional int32 field7693 = 9;
+  optional int32 field7694 = 10;
+  optional int32 field7695 = 11;
+  optional int32 field7696 = 12;
+  optional int32 field7697 = 13;
+  optional int32 field7698 = 14;
+  optional int32 field7699 = 15;
+  optional int32 field7700 = 16;
+  optional int32 field7701 = 17;
+  optional int32 field7702 = 18;
+  optional bool field7703 = 19;
+  repeated int32 field7704 = 20;
+  repeated int32 field7705 = 21;
+  repeated string field7706 = 22;
+  repeated string field7707 = 23;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field7708 = 24;
+  optional int32 field7709 = 25;
+  optional int32 field7710 = 26;
+  optional int32 field7711 = 27;
+  optional int32 field7712 = 43;
+  optional int32 field7713 = 28;
+  optional int32 field7714 = 29;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7547 field7715 = 30;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7547 field7716 = 31;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field7717 = 32;
+  repeated string field7718 = 33;
+  repeated string field7719 = 34;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7648 field7720 = 35;
+  optional bool field7721 = 36;
+  optional bool field7722 = 37;
+  optional bool field7723 = 38;
+  optional bool field7724 = 39;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field7725 = 40;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field7726 = 41;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum7654 field7727 = 42;
+  optional string field7728 = 44;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field7729 = 45;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7651 field7730 = 55876009;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message7864 {
+  optional string field7866 = 1;
+  optional string field7867 = 2;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7865 field7868 = 5;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7865 field7869 = 6;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7865 field7870 = 7;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field7871 = 8;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7864 field7872 = 44542730;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message7929 {
+  optional int64 field7942 = 1;
+  optional int64 field7943 = 4;
+  optional int64 field7944 = 5;
+  optional int64 field7945 = 12;
+  optional int64 field7946 = 13;
+  optional int64 field7947 = 18;
+  optional int64 field7948 = 6;
+  optional int64 field7949 = 7;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7919 field7950 = 8;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field7951 = 20;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7920 field7952 = 14;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7921 field7953 = 15;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7928 field7954 = 17;
+  optional int64 field7955 = 19;
+  optional bool field7956 = 2;
+  optional int64 field7957 = 3;
+  optional int64 field7958 = 9;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field7959 = 10;
+  repeated bytes field7960 = 11;
+  optional int64 field7961 = 16;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7929 field7962 = 53392238;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message8508 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8511 field8517 = 8;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8512 field8518 = 9;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8513 field8519 = 11;
+  optional bool field8520 = 13;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8514 field8521 = 14;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8522 = 15;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8515 field8523 = 16;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8524 = 17;
+  optional int64 field8525 = 1;
+  optional float field8526 = 2;
+  optional int64 field8527 = 3;
+  optional int64 field8528 = 4;
+  optional int32 field8529 = 5;
+  optional bytes field8530 = 6;
+  repeated bytes field8531 = 7;
+  optional bool field8532 = 10;
+  optional bytes field8533 = 12;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8508 field8534 = 3811804;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message9122 {
+  optional float field9132 = 1;
+  optional float field9133 = 2;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message9122 field9134 = 120398939;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message10177 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10155 field10270 = 1;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10177 field10271 = 26801105;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message10278 {
+  repeated int32 field10286 = 1 [packed = true];
+  repeated int32 field10287 = 2 [packed = true];
+  optional int32 field10288 = 3;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10155 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10278 field10289 = 29374161;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message10323 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10320 field10360 = 1;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10155 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10323 field10361 = 27922524;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message10324 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10322 field10362 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10321 field10363 = 2;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10155 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10324 field10364 = 27832297;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message11990 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message11988 field12030 = 1;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message11990 field12031 = 21265426;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message12691 {
+  optional string field12713 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12714 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message12668 field12715 = 3;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message12691 field12716 = 28426536;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message12870 {
+  required int32 field12879 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12880 = 7;
+  required int32 field12881 = 2;
+  optional uint64 field12882 = 3;
+  optional string field12883 = 2001;
+  optional fixed64 field12884 = 4;
+  repeated fixed64 field12885 = 14;
+  optional int32 field12886 = 9;
+  optional int64 field12887 = 18;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message12870 field12888 = 8;
+  optional int32 field12889 = 5;
+  optional uint64 field12890 = 6;
+  optional int32 field12891 = 10;
+  optional int32 field12892 = 11;
+  optional double field12893 = 12;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message12825 field12894 = 13;
+  optional double field12895 = 15;
+  optional string field12896 = 16;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum12871 field12897 = 17;
+  optional int32 field12898 = 19;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message12870 field12899 = 5447656;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message13154 {
+  required float field13164 = 1;
+  required float field13165 = 2;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13145 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13154 field13166 = 47301086;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message16507 {
+  optional bool field16510 = 3;
+  optional bool field16511 = 4;
+  optional bool field16512 = 14;
+  repeated string field16513 = 5;
+  repeated string field16514 = 6;
+  optional string field16515 = 8;
+  repeated int32 field16516 = 9;
+  repeated int32 field16517 = 10;
+  optional int32 field16518 = 7;
+  optional string field16519 = 15;
+  repeated string field16520 = 11;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16521 = 27;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16522 = 22;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16523 = 28;
+  optional string field16524 = 18;
+  optional int32 field16525 = 19;
+  optional int32 field16526 = 20;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16527 = 23;
+  optional bool field16528 = 24;
+  repeated string field16529 = 25;
+  optional double field16530 = 26;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16478 field16531 = 30;
+  optional bool field16532 = 31;
+  optional string field16533 = 32;
+  optional bool field16534 = 33;
+  optional bool field16535 = 35;
+  optional bool field16536 = 36;
+  optional bool field16537 = 37;
+  optional bool field16538 = 38;
+  optional bool field16539 = 39;
+  optional bool field16540 = 40;
+  repeated string field16541 = 41;
+  extensions 21 to 21;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16507 field16542 = 5569941;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message16564 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16552 field16568 = 1;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16564 field16569 = 25830030;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message16661 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16660 field16671 = 1;
+  repeated uint64 field16672 = 2;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16661 field16673 = 31274398;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message16746 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16727 field16806 = 1;
+  optional bool field16807 = 2;
+  optional bool field16808 = 3;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16725 field16809 = 4;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16746 field16810 = 28406765;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message17786 {
+  repeated group Message17787 = 1 {
+    required int32 field18177 = 2;
+    required int32 field18178 = 3;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message17783 field18179 = 4;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18180 = 5;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18181 = 6;
+    repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18182 = 8;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18183 = 9;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message17726 field18184 = 10;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18185 = 11;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16945 field18186 = 102;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18187 = 12;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18188 = 13;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18189 = 7;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18190 = 100;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18191 = 101;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18192 = 14;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18193 = 19;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18194 = 22;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18195 = 24;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum16925 field18196 = 21;
+    optional bool field18197 = 18;
+    repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field18198 = 23;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18199 = 15;
+    optional string field18200 = 16;
+    optional string field18201 = 17;
+    optional bool field18202 = 99;
+  }
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message17782 field18175 = 20;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message17786 field18176 = 11823055;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message22857 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message22853 field22874 = 1;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10155 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message22857 field22875 = 67799715;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message24404 {
+  repeated group Message24405 = 1 {
+    required int32 field24686 = 2;
+    required int32 field24687 = 3;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24317 field24688 = 4;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24689 = 5;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24376 field24690 = 6;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24345 field24691 = 7;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24692 = 8;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24379 field24693 = 9;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24694 = 10;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24695 = 11;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24391 field24696 = 12;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24697 = 13;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24698 = 14;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24699 = 22;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24700 = 23;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24701 = 25;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum16925 field24702 = 18;
+    optional float field24703 = 20;
+    optional bool field24704 = 19;
+    repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum16891 field24705 = 24;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24706 = 15;
+    optional string field24707 = 16;
+    optional string field24708 = 17;
+    optional float field24709 = 21;
+    optional bool field24710 = 26;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field24711 = 27;
+    optional bool field24712 = 28;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field24713 = 29;
+    optional bool field24714 = 31;
+    optional bool field24715 = 99;
+    optional int64 field24716 = 32;
+  }
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24403 field24684 = 30;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24404 field24685 = 9129287;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message27300 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field27302 = 1;
+  optional string field27303 = 2;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message27300 field27304 = 24956467;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message27453 {
+  optional string field27459 = 15;
+  repeated string field27460 = 1;
+  repeated float field27461 = 6;
+  repeated int32 field27462 = 27;
+  repeated int32 field27463 = 28;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message27454 field27464 = 24;
+  repeated string field27465 = 2;
+  repeated float field27466 = 7;
+  repeated string field27467 = 22;
+  repeated string field27468 = 23;
+  optional string field27469 = 26;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message27357 field27470 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message27360 field27471 = 16;
+  optional string field27472 = 25;
+  optional string field27473 = 11;
+  optional bool field27474 = 13;
+  optional bool field27475 = 14;
+  optional bool field27476 = 17;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field27477 = 12;
+  optional bool field27478 = 34268945;
+  optional bool field27479 = 20;
+  optional string field27480 = 21;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field27481 = 10;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message27453 field27482 = 8086204;
+  }
+}
+
+extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16945 {
+  optional string field17026 = 472;
+  repeated string field17027 = 818;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17031 = 215;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17032 = 292;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17038 = 234;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17039 = 235;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17042 = 246;
+  optional string field17043 = 224;
+  optional string field17044 = 225;
+  repeated string field17048 = 63;
+  repeated string field17049 = 64;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17052 = 233;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17053 = 66;
+  repeated string field17056 = 275;
+  optional string field17057 = 226;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17060 = 27;
+  repeated string field17073 = 75;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17076 = 77;
+  repeated string field17078 = 296;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17082 = 160;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17091 = 585;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17098 = 987;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17101 = 157;
+  repeated string field17102 = 158;
+  repeated string field17107 = 166;
+  repeated string field17133 = 567;
+  repeated string field17134 = 572;
+  repeated string field17160 = 49;
+  repeated string field17168 = 32;
+  repeated string field17170 = 34;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17172 = 509;
+  repeated string field17174 = 39;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17175 = 40;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17178 = 511;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17185 = 50;
+  repeated int32 field17207 = 1081;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17238 = 184;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17289 = 177;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17290 = 178;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17296 = 474;
+  repeated string field17298 = 44;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17301 = 47;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17412 = 21;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17438 = 132;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17458 = 512;
+  repeated string field17460 = 560;
+  repeated string field17466 = 552;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17617 = 1080;
+  repeated int32 field17618 = 1084;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_1.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_1.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3219553cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_1.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,1280 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_2.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_3.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_5.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.proto";
+package benchmarks.google_message3;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+message Message34390 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message34387 field34452 = 1;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message34390 field34453 = 92144610;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message34624 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message34621 field34683 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message34621 field34684 = 2;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message34624 field34685 = 18178548;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message34791 {
+  optional fixed64 field34793 = 1;
+  repeated group Message34792 = 2 {
+    required string field34808 = 3;
+    optional string field34809 = 4;
+  }
+  optional int32 field34795 = 5;
+  optional int32 field34796 = 6;
+  optional int32 field34797 = 7;
+  optional int32 field34798 = 8;
+  optional int32 field34799 = 9;
+  optional int32 field34800 = 10;
+  optional bool field34801 = 11;
+  optional float field34802 = 12;
+  optional int32 field34803 = 13;
+  optional string field34804 = 14;
+  optional int64 field34805 = 15;
+  repeated fixed64 field34806 = 17 [packed = true];
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message34791 field34807 = 6330340;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message35483 {
+  optional int32 field35499 = 1;
+  optional string field35500 = 2;
+  optional string field35501 = 3;
+  optional string field35502 = 4;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message35476 field35503 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field35504 = 6;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message35483 field35505 = 7913554;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message35807 {
+  optional int32 field35810 = 1;
+  optional int32 field35811 = 2;
+  optional int32 field35812 = 3;
+  optional int32 field35813 = 4;
+  optional int32 field35814 = 5;
+  optional int32 field35815 = 6;
+  optional int32 field35816 = 7;
+  optional int32 field35817 = 8;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message35807 field35818 = 3803299;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message37487 {
+  optional bytes field37501 = 2;
+  optional bool field37502 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message13062 {
+  optional int64 field13075 = 1;
+  optional string field13076 = 2;
+  optional int32 field13077 = 3;
+  optional string field13078 = 4;
+  optional int32 field13079 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message952 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message949 field963 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message36876 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message2356 field36980 = 1;
+  repeated group Message36877 = 111 {
+    required string field37044 = 112;
+    optional int32 field37045 = 113;
+    optional bytes field37046 = 114;
+    optional int32 field37047 = 115;
+    optional int32 field37048 = 157;
+  }
+  repeated group Message36878 = 168 {
+  }
+  repeated group Message36879 = 55 {
+    required string field37050 = 56;
+    optional int32 field37051 = 69;
+  }
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field36984 = 78;
+  optional group Message36880 = 137 {
+  }
+  optional uint64 field36986 = 59;
+  optional bytes field36987 = 121;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field36988 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7029 field36989 = 118;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message35573 field36990 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field36991 = 21;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field36992 = 22;
+  optional float field36993 = 13;
+  optional int32 field36994 = 20;
+  optional bool field36995 = 51;
+  optional bool field36996 = 57;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field36997 = 100;
+  optional int32 field36998 = 47;
+  optional int32 field36999 = 48;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37000 = 68;
+  repeated group Message36881 = 23 {
+  }
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message4144 field37002 = 125;
+  repeated group Message36882 = 35 {
+  }
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37004 = 49;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message18921 field37005 = 52;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message36858 field37006 = 46;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message18831 field37007 = 54;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37008 = 58;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message18283 field37009 = 10;
+  optional string field37010 = 44;
+  optional string field37011 = 103;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field37012 = 43;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field37013 = 143;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37014 = 53;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message36869 field37015 = 15;
+  optional group Message36883 = 3 {
+  }
+  repeated group Message36884 = 16 {
+  }
+  repeated group Message36885 = 27 {
+  }
+  optional group Message36886 = 32 {
+  }
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field37020 = 71;
+  repeated int32 field37021 = 70;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37022 = 66;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13090 field37023 = 67;
+  optional group Message36887 = 62 {
+  }
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10155 field37025 = 50;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message11874 field37026 = 151;
+  optional string field37027 = 12;
+  optional int64 field37028 = 72;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37029 = 73;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message35546 field37030 = 108;
+  optional group Message36888 = 74 {
+    optional uint64 field37089 = 75;
+    optional bool field37090 = 76;
+    optional uint64 field37091 = 165;
+    optional double field37092 = 166;
+    optional uint64 field37093 = 109;
+    optional bytes field37094 = 122;
+  }
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message19255 field37032 = 104;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message33968 field37033 = 105;
+  optional bool field37034 = 106;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37035 = 107;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6644 field37036 = 110;
+  optional bytes field37037 = 133;
+  optional group Message36889 = 116 {
+    optional int64 field37095 = 117;
+    optional string field37096 = 145;
+    optional int32 field37097 = 123;
+    optional bool field37098 = 163;
+    optional int32 field37099 = 164;
+    optional int32 field37100 = 149;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37101 = 129;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13174 field37102 = 124;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13169 field37103 = 128;
+    optional uint64 field37104 = 132;
+    repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum36890 field37105 = 131;
+    optional bool field37106 = 134;
+    optional bool field37107 = 140;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37108 = 135;
+    optional float field37109 = 136;
+    optional float field37110 = 156;
+    optional bool field37111 = 142;
+    optional int64 field37112 = 167;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37113 = 146;
+    optional bool field37114 = 148;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37115 = 154;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field37116 = 158;
+    repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field37117 = 159;
+    optional int32 field37118 = 160;
+    repeated string field37119 = 161;
+  }
+  repeated group Message36910 = 119 {
+  }
+  optional group Message36911 = 126 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37121 = 127;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message35538 field37122 = 130;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message35540 field37123 = 144;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message35542 field37124 = 150;
+  }
+  optional group Message36912 = 152 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message3901 field37125 = 153;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message3901 field37126 = 162;
+  }
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field37042 = 155;
+}
+
+message Message1328 {
+}
+
+message Message6850 {
+}
+
+message Message6863 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum6858 field6931 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum6858 field6932 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field6933 = 36;
+  optional bool field6934 = 27;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6773 field6935 = 26;
+  optional int32 field6936 = 30;
+  optional int32 field6937 = 37;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum6815 field6938 = 31;
+  optional string field6939 = 3;
+  optional int32 field6940 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum6822 field6941 = 15;
+  optional bool field6942 = 10;
+  optional bool field6943 = 17;
+  optional float field6944 = 18;
+  optional float field6945 = 19;
+  optional int32 field6946 = 5;
+  optional int32 field6947 = 6;
+  optional bool field6948 = 7;
+  optional int32 field6949 = 12;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6950 = 8;
+  optional uint64 field6951 = 9;
+  optional string field6952 = 11;
+  optional bytes field6953 = 13;
+  optional int32 field6954 = 14;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6955 = 16;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6956 = 22;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message3886 field6957 = 38;
+  optional string field6958 = 20;
+  optional uint32 field6959 = 21;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6743 field6960 = 23;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6961 = 29;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6962 = 33;
+  optional bool field6963 = 34;
+}
+
+message Message6871 {
+}
+
+message Message7547 {
+  required bytes field7549 = 1;
+  required int32 field7550 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message7648 {
+  optional string field7669 = 1;
+  optional int32 field7670 = 2;
+  optional int32 field7671 = 3;
+  optional int32 field7672 = 4;
+  optional int32 field7673 = 5;
+  optional int32 field7674 = 6;
+  optional float field7675 = 7;
+  optional bool field7676 = 8;
+  optional bool field7677 = 9;
+  optional bool field7678 = 10;
+  optional bool field7679 = 11;
+  optional bool field7680 = 12;
+}
+
+message Message7865 {
+}
+
+message Message7928 {
+  optional string field7940 = 1;
+  optional int64 field7941 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message7919 {
+  optional fixed64 field7931 = 1;
+  optional int64 field7932 = 2;
+  optional bytes field7933 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message7920 {
+  optional int64 field7934 = 1;
+  optional int64 field7935 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message7921 {
+  optional int32 field7936 = 1;
+  optional int64 field7937 = 2;
+  optional float field7938 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field7939 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message8511 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8224 field8539 = 1;
+  optional string field8540 = 2;
+  optional bool field8541 = 3;
+  optional int64 field8542 = 4;
+  optional string field8543 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message8512 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8301 field8544 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8302 field8545 = 2;
+  optional string field8546 = 3;
+  optional bool field8547 = 4;
+  optional int64 field8548 = 5;
+  optional string field8549 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message8513 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8392 field8550 = 1;
+  optional string field8551 = 2;
+  optional bool field8552 = 3;
+  optional string field8553 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message8514 {
+  optional string field8554 = 1;
+  optional int64 field8555 = 2;
+  optional bool field8556 = 3;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8130 field8557 = 4;
+  optional string field8558 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message8515 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8479 field8559 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8478 field8560 = 2;
+  optional string field8561 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message10320 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum10335 field10347 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10319 field10348 = 2;
+  optional int32 field10349 = 3;
+  optional int32 field10350 = 4;
+  optional int32 field10351 = 5;
+  optional int32 field10352 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum10337 field10353 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message10321 {
+  optional int32 field10354 = 1;
+  optional int32 field10355 = 2;
+  optional uint64 field10356 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message10322 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message4016 field10357 = 1;
+  optional bool field10358 = 2;
+  optional bool field10359 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message11988 {
+  optional string field12021 = 1;
+  optional string field12022 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field12023 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10155 field12024 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message12668 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message12669 field12677 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12678 = 2;
+  optional int32 field12679 = 3;
+  optional int32 field12680 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message12825 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message12818 field12862 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12863 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message12819 field12864 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message12820 field12865 = 4;
+  optional int32 field12866 = 5;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message12821 field12867 = 6;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field12868 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message16478 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16479 field16481 = 1;
+  optional bool field16482 = 3;
+  optional int32 field16483 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message16552 {
+  optional fixed64 field16565 = 1;
+  optional int32 field16566 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum16553 field16567 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message16660 {
+  optional string field16668 = 1;
+  optional string field16669 = 2;
+  optional int32 field16670 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message16727 {
+  required .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum16728 field16782 = 1;
+  required string field16783 = 2;
+  optional string field16784 = 3;
+  optional int32 field16785 = 23;
+  required string field16786 = 4;
+  optional string field16787 = 5;
+  optional string field16788 = 6;
+  required .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum16732 field16789 = 7;
+  optional string field16790 = 8;
+  optional string field16791 = 9;
+  optional string field16792 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum16738 field16793 = 11;
+  optional int32 field16794 = 12;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16722 field16795 = 13;
+  optional bool field16796 = 19;
+  optional bool field16797 = 24;
+  optional string field16798 = 14;
+  optional int64 field16799 = 15;
+  optional bool field16800 = 16;
+  optional string field16801 = 17;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum16698 field16802 = 18;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16724 field16803 = 20;
+  optional bool field16804 = 22;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16805 = 25;
+  extensions 1000 to 536870911;
+}
+
+message Message16725 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum16728 field16774 = 1;
+  repeated string field16775 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message17726 {
+  optional string field17801 = 1;
+  repeated string field17802 = 2;
+  optional string field17803 = 3;
+  repeated string field17804 = 4;
+  optional string field17805 = 5;
+  repeated string field17806 = 6;
+  optional string field17807 = 7;
+  optional string field17808 = 8;
+  repeated string field17809 = 15;
+  repeated string field17810 = 16;
+  repeated string field17811 = 17;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field17812 = 18;
+  optional string field17813 = 9;
+  optional string field17814 = 10;
+  optional string field17815 = 11;
+  optional string field17816 = 12;
+  optional string field17817 = 13;
+  optional string field17818 = 14;
+  optional string field17819 = 19;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message17728 field17820 = 20;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message17728 field17821 = 21;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field17822 = 30;
+}
+
+message Message17782 {
+  optional string field18153 = 1;
+  optional string field18154 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message17783 {
+  optional string field18155 = 1;
+  optional string field18156 = 2;
+  optional string field18157 = 3;
+  repeated group Message17784 = 4 {
+    optional string field18162 = 5;
+    optional string field18163 = 6;
+    optional string field18164 = 7;
+    repeated string field18165 = 8;
+    optional string field18166 = 17;
+    optional string field18167 = 18;
+  }
+  repeated group Message17785 = 9 {
+    optional string field18168 = 10;
+    optional string field18169 = 11;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message17783 field18170 = 12;
+    optional string field18171 = 13;
+    optional string field18172 = 14;
+    repeated string field18173 = 15;
+  }
+  repeated string field18160 = 16;
+}
+
+message Message16945 {
+  optional string field16946 = 1;
+  optional string field16947 = 2;
+  optional string field16948 = 3;
+  optional string field16949 = 4;
+  optional string field16950 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16951 = 872;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field16952 = 16;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16953 = 54;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field16954 = 55;
+  repeated string field16955 = 58;
+  repeated string field16956 = 59;
+  repeated string field16957 = 62;
+  repeated string field16958 = 37;
+  repeated string field16959 = 18;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16960 = 38;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field16961 = 67;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field16962 = 130;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16963 = 136;
+  repeated string field16964 = 138;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16965 = 156;
+  repeated string field16966 = 139;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16967 = 126;
+  repeated string field16968 = 152;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field16969 = 183;
+  repeated string field16970 = 168;
+  repeated string field16971 = 212;
+  repeated string field16972 = 213;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16973 = 189;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16974 = 190;
+  repeated string field16975 = 191;
+  repeated string field16976 = 192;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field16977 = 193;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16978 = 194;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16979 = 195;
+  repeated int32 field16980 = 196;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16981 = 95;
+  repeated string field16982 = 96;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16983 = 97;
+  repeated string field16984 = 1086;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16985 = 98;
+  repeated string field16986 = 99;
+  repeated string field16987 = 100;
+  repeated string field16988 = 48;
+  optional string field16989 = 22;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16990 = 51;
+  repeated string field16991 = 81;
+  repeated string field16992 = 85;
+  repeated string field16993 = 169;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16994 = 260;
+  optional int32 field16995 = 198;
+  optional int32 field16996 = 204;
+  optional string field16997 = 1087;
+  repeated string field16998 = 197;
+  repeated string field16999 = 206;
+  optional string field17000 = 211;
+  repeated string field17001 = 205;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field17002 = 68;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field17003 = 69;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field17004 = 70;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field17005 = 71;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field17006 = 72;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field17007 = 19;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field17008 = 24;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field17009 = 23;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17010 = 131;
+  repeated string field17011 = 133;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field17012 = 142;
+  repeated string field17013 = 143;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field17014 = 153;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17015 = 170;
+  repeated string field17016 = 171;
+  repeated string field17017 = 172;
+  repeated string field17018 = 173;
+  repeated string field17019 = 174;
+  repeated string field17020 = 175;
+  repeated string field17021 = 186;
+  repeated string field17022 = 101;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field17023 = 102;
+  repeated string field17024 = 274;
+  extensions 17 to 17;
+  extensions 21 to 21;
+  extensions 25 to 25;
+  extensions 27 to 27;
+  extensions 29 to 29;
+  extensions 30 to 30;
+  extensions 31 to 31;
+  extensions 32 to 32;
+  extensions 33 to 33;
+  extensions 34 to 34;
+  extensions 35 to 35;
+  extensions 36 to 36;
+  extensions 39 to 39;
+  extensions 40 to 40;
+  extensions 41 to 41;
+  extensions 42 to 42;
+  extensions 43 to 43;
+  extensions 44 to 44;
+  extensions 45 to 45;
+  extensions 46 to 46;
+  extensions 47 to 47;
+  extensions 49 to 49;
+  extensions 50 to 50;
+  extensions 52 to 52;
+  extensions 53 to 53;
+  extensions 56 to 56;
+  extensions 57 to 57;
+  extensions 60 to 60;
+  extensions 61 to 61;
+  extensions 63 to 63;
+  extensions 64 to 64;
+  extensions 65 to 65;
+  extensions 66 to 66;
+  extensions 73 to 73;
+  extensions 74 to 74;
+  extensions 75 to 75;
+  extensions 76 to 76;
+  extensions 77 to 77;
+  extensions 78 to 78;
+  extensions 79 to 79;
+  extensions 80 to 80;
+  extensions 82 to 82;
+  extensions 83 to 83;
+  extensions 84 to 84;
+  extensions 86 to 86;
+  extensions 87 to 87;
+  extensions 88 to 88;
+  extensions 89 to 89;
+  extensions 90 to 90;
+  extensions 91 to 91;
+  extensions 92 to 92;
+  extensions 93 to 93;
+  extensions 94 to 94;
+  extensions 103 to 103;
+  extensions 104 to 104;
+  extensions 105 to 105;
+  extensions 106 to 106;
+  extensions 107 to 107;
+  extensions 108 to 108;
+  extensions 109 to 109;
+  extensions 110 to 110;
+  extensions 111 to 111;
+  extensions 112 to 112;
+  extensions 113 to 113;
+  extensions 114 to 114;
+  extensions 115 to 115;
+  extensions 116 to 116;
+  extensions 117 to 117;
+  extensions 118 to 118;
+  extensions 119 to 119;
+  extensions 120 to 120;
+  extensions 121 to 121;
+  extensions 122 to 122;
+  extensions 123 to 123;
+  extensions 124 to 124;
+  extensions 125 to 125;
+  extensions 127 to 127;
+  extensions 128 to 128;
+  extensions 129 to 129;
+  extensions 132 to 132;
+  extensions 134 to 134;
+  extensions 135 to 135;
+  extensions 137 to 137;
+  extensions 140 to 140;
+  extensions 141 to 141;
+  extensions 144 to 144;
+  extensions 145 to 145;
+  extensions 146 to 146;
+  extensions 147 to 147;
+  extensions 148 to 148;
+  extensions 149 to 149;
+  extensions 150 to 150;
+  extensions 151 to 151;
+  extensions 154 to 154;
+  extensions 155 to 155;
+  extensions 157 to 157;
+  extensions 158 to 158;
+  extensions 159 to 159;
+  extensions 160 to 160;
+  extensions 161 to 161;
+  extensions 162 to 162;
+  extensions 163 to 163;
+  extensions 164 to 164;
+  extensions 165 to 165;
+  extensions 166 to 166;
+  extensions 167 to 167;
+  extensions 176 to 176;
+  extensions 177 to 177;
+  extensions 178 to 178;
+  extensions 179 to 179;
+  extensions 180 to 180;
+  extensions 181 to 181;
+  extensions 182 to 182;
+  extensions 184 to 184;
+  extensions 185 to 185;
+  extensions 187 to 187;
+  extensions 188 to 188;
+  extensions 199 to 199;
+  extensions 200 to 200;
+  extensions 201 to 201;
+  extensions 202 to 202;
+  extensions 203 to 203;
+  extensions 207 to 207;
+  extensions 208 to 208;
+  extensions 209 to 209;
+  extensions 210 to 210;
+  extensions 214 to 214;
+  extensions 215 to 215;
+  extensions 216 to 216;
+  extensions 217 to 217;
+  extensions 218 to 218;
+  extensions 219 to 219;
+  extensions 220 to 220;
+  extensions 221 to 221;
+  extensions 222 to 222;
+  extensions 223 to 223;
+  extensions 224 to 224;
+  extensions 225 to 225;
+  extensions 226 to 226;
+  extensions 227 to 227;
+  extensions 228 to 228;
+  extensions 229 to 229;
+  extensions 230 to 230;
+  extensions 231 to 231;
+  extensions 232 to 232;
+  extensions 233 to 233;
+  extensions 234 to 234;
+  extensions 235 to 235;
+  extensions 236 to 236;
+  extensions 237 to 237;
+  extensions 238 to 238;
+  extensions 239 to 239;
+  extensions 240 to 240;
+  extensions 241 to 241;
+  extensions 242 to 242;
+  extensions 243 to 243;
+  extensions 244 to 244;
+  extensions 245 to 245;
+  extensions 246 to 246;
+  extensions 247 to 247;
+  extensions 248 to 248;
+  extensions 249 to 249;
+  extensions 250 to 250;
+  extensions 251 to 251;
+  extensions 252 to 252;
+  extensions 253 to 253;
+  extensions 254 to 254;
+  extensions 255 to 255;
+  extensions 256 to 256;
+  extensions 257 to 257;
+  extensions 258 to 258;
+  extensions 259 to 259;
+  extensions 261 to 261;
+  extensions 262 to 262;
+  extensions 263 to 263;
+  extensions 264 to 264;
+  extensions 265 to 265;
+  extensions 266 to 266;
+  extensions 267 to 267;
+  extensions 268 to 268;
+  extensions 269 to 269;
+  extensions 270 to 270;
+  extensions 271 to 271;
+  extensions 272 to 272;
+  extensions 273 to 273;
+  extensions 275 to 275;
+  extensions 276 to 276;
+  extensions 277 to 277;
+  extensions 278 to 278;
+  extensions 279 to 279;
+  extensions 280 to 280;
+  extensions 281 to 281;
+  extensions 282 to 282;
+  extensions 283 to 283;
+  extensions 284 to 284;
+  extensions 285 to 285;
+  extensions 286 to 286;
+  extensions 290 to 290;
+  extensions 291 to 291;
+  extensions 292 to 292;
+  extensions 293 to 293;
+  extensions 294 to 294;
+  extensions 295 to 295;
+  extensions 296 to 296;
+  extensions 297 to 297;
+  extensions 298 to 298;
+  extensions 299 to 299;
+  extensions 300 to 300;
+  extensions 301 to 301;
+  extensions 302 to 302;
+  extensions 303 to 303;
+  extensions 304 to 304;
+  extensions 305 to 305;
+  extensions 306 to 306;
+  extensions 307 to 307;
+  extensions 308 to 308;
+  extensions 309 to 309;
+  extensions 310 to 310;
+  extensions 311 to 311;
+  extensions 312 to 312;
+  extensions 313 to 313;
+  extensions 314 to 314;
+  extensions 315 to 315;
+  extensions 316 to 316;
+  extensions 317 to 317;
+  extensions 318 to 318;
+  extensions 319 to 319;
+  extensions 320 to 320;
+  extensions 321 to 321;
+  extensions 322 to 322;
+  extensions 323 to 323;
+  extensions 324 to 324;
+  extensions 325 to 325;
+  extensions 326 to 326;
+  extensions 327 to 327;
+  extensions 328 to 328;
+  extensions 329 to 329;
+  extensions 330 to 330;
+  extensions 331 to 331;
+  extensions 332 to 332;
+  extensions 333 to 333;
+  extensions 334 to 334;
+  extensions 335 to 335;
+  extensions 336 to 336;
+  extensions 337 to 337;
+  extensions 338 to 338;
+  extensions 339 to 339;
+  extensions 340 to 340;
+  extensions 341 to 341;
+  extensions 342 to 342;
+  extensions 343 to 343;
+  extensions 344 to 344;
+  extensions 345 to 345;
+  extensions 346 to 346;
+  extensions 347 to 347;
+  extensions 348 to 348;
+  extensions 349 to 349;
+  extensions 350 to 350;
+  extensions 351 to 351;
+  extensions 352 to 352;
+  extensions 353 to 353;
+  extensions 354 to 354;
+  extensions 355 to 355;
+  extensions 356 to 356;
+  extensions 357 to 357;
+  extensions 358 to 358;
+  extensions 359 to 359;
+  extensions 360 to 360;
+  extensions 361 to 361;
+  extensions 362 to 362;
+  extensions 363 to 363;
+  extensions 364 to 364;
+  extensions 365 to 365;
+  extensions 366 to 366;
+  extensions 367 to 367;
+  extensions 368 to 368;
+  extensions 369 to 369;
+  extensions 370 to 370;
+  extensions 371 to 371;
+  extensions 372 to 372;
+  extensions 373 to 373;
+  extensions 374 to 374;
+  extensions 375 to 375;
+  extensions 376 to 376;
+  extensions 377 to 377;
+  extensions 378 to 378;
+  extensions 379 to 379;
+  extensions 380 to 380;
+  extensions 381 to 381;
+  extensions 382 to 382;
+  extensions 383 to 383;
+  extensions 384 to 384;
+  extensions 385 to 385;
+  extensions 386 to 386;
+  extensions 387 to 387;
+  extensions 388 to 388;
+  extensions 389 to 389;
+  extensions 390 to 390;
+  extensions 391 to 391;
+  extensions 392 to 392;
+  extensions 393 to 393;
+  extensions 394 to 394;
+  extensions 395 to 395;
+  extensions 396 to 396;
+  extensions 397 to 397;
+  extensions 398 to 398;
+  extensions 399 to 399;
+  extensions 400 to 400;
+  extensions 401 to 401;
+  extensions 402 to 402;
+  extensions 403 to 403;
+  extensions 404 to 404;
+  extensions 405 to 405;
+  extensions 406 to 406;
+  extensions 407 to 407;
+  extensions 408 to 408;
+  extensions 409 to 409;
+  extensions 410 to 410;
+  extensions 411 to 411;
+  extensions 412 to 412;
+  extensions 413 to 413;
+  extensions 414 to 414;
+  extensions 415 to 415;
+  extensions 416 to 416;
+  extensions 417 to 417;
+  extensions 418 to 418;
+  extensions 419 to 419;
+  extensions 420 to 420;
+  extensions 421 to 421;
+  extensions 422 to 422;
+  extensions 423 to 423;
+  extensions 424 to 424;
+  extensions 425 to 425;
+  extensions 426 to 426;
+  extensions 427 to 427;
+  extensions 428 to 428;
+  extensions 429 to 429;
+  extensions 430 to 430;
+  extensions 431 to 431;
+  extensions 432 to 432;
+  extensions 433 to 433;
+  extensions 434 to 434;
+  extensions 435 to 435;
+  extensions 436 to 436;
+  extensions 437 to 437;
+  extensions 438 to 438;
+  extensions 439 to 439;
+  extensions 440 to 440;
+  extensions 441 to 441;
+  extensions 442 to 442;
+  extensions 443 to 443;
+  extensions 444 to 444;
+  extensions 445 to 445;
+  extensions 446 to 446;
+  extensions 447 to 447;
+  extensions 448 to 448;
+  extensions 449 to 449;
+  extensions 450 to 450;
+  extensions 451 to 451;
+  extensions 452 to 452;
+  extensions 453 to 453;
+  extensions 454 to 454;
+  extensions 455 to 455;
+  extensions 456 to 456;
+  extensions 457 to 457;
+  extensions 458 to 458;
+  extensions 459 to 459;
+  extensions 460 to 460;
+  extensions 461 to 461;
+  extensions 462 to 462;
+  extensions 463 to 463;
+  extensions 464 to 464;
+  extensions 465 to 465;
+  extensions 466 to 466;
+  extensions 467 to 467;
+  extensions 468 to 468;
+  extensions 469 to 469;
+  extensions 470 to 470;
+  extensions 471 to 471;
+  extensions 472 to 472;
+  extensions 473 to 473;
+  extensions 474 to 474;
+  extensions 509 to 509;
+  extensions 511 to 511;
+  extensions 512 to 512;
+  extensions 513 to 513;
+  extensions 514 to 514;
+  extensions 515 to 515;
+  extensions 516 to 516;
+  extensions 517 to 517;
+  extensions 518 to 518;
+  extensions 519 to 519;
+  extensions 520 to 520;
+  extensions 521 to 521;
+  extensions 522 to 522;
+  extensions 523 to 523;
+  extensions 524 to 524;
+  extensions 525 to 525;
+  extensions 526 to 526;
+  extensions 527 to 527;
+  extensions 528 to 528;
+  extensions 529 to 529;
+  extensions 530 to 530;
+  extensions 531 to 531;
+  extensions 532 to 532;
+  extensions 533 to 533;
+  extensions 534 to 534;
+  extensions 535 to 535;
+  extensions 536 to 536;
+  extensions 537 to 537;
+  extensions 538 to 538;
+  extensions 539 to 539;
+  extensions 540 to 540;
+  extensions 541 to 541;
+  extensions 542 to 542;
+  extensions 543 to 543;
+  extensions 544 to 544;
+  extensions 545 to 545;
+  extensions 546 to 546;
+  extensions 547 to 547;
+  extensions 548 to 548;
+  extensions 549 to 549;
+  extensions 550 to 550;
+  extensions 551 to 551;
+  extensions 552 to 552;
+  extensions 553 to 553;
+  extensions 554 to 554;
+  extensions 555 to 555;
+  extensions 556 to 556;
+  extensions 557 to 557;
+  extensions 558 to 558;
+  extensions 559 to 559;
+  extensions 560 to 560;
+  extensions 561 to 561;
+  extensions 562 to 562;
+  extensions 563 to 563;
+  extensions 564 to 564;
+  extensions 565 to 565;
+  extensions 566 to 566;
+  extensions 567 to 567;
+  extensions 568 to 568;
+  extensions 569 to 569;
+  extensions 570 to 570;
+  extensions 571 to 571;
+  extensions 572 to 572;
+  extensions 573 to 573;
+  extensions 574 to 574;
+  extensions 575 to 575;
+  extensions 576 to 576;
+  extensions 577 to 577;
+  extensions 578 to 578;
+  extensions 579 to 579;
+  extensions 580 to 580;
+  extensions 581 to 581;
+  extensions 582 to 582;
+  extensions 583 to 583;
+  extensions 584 to 584;
+  extensions 585 to 585;
+  extensions 586 to 586;
+  extensions 587 to 587;
+  extensions 588 to 588;
+  extensions 589 to 589;
+  extensions 590 to 590;
+  extensions 604 to 604;
+  extensions 605 to 605;
+  extensions 606 to 606;
+  extensions 607 to 607;
+  extensions 608 to 608;
+  extensions 609 to 609;
+  extensions 610 to 610;
+  extensions 611 to 611;
+  extensions 612 to 612;
+  extensions 613 to 613;
+  extensions 614 to 614;
+  extensions 615 to 615;
+  extensions 616 to 616;
+  extensions 617 to 617;
+  extensions 618 to 618;
+  extensions 619 to 619;
+  extensions 620 to 620;
+  extensions 621 to 621;
+  extensions 622 to 622;
+  extensions 623 to 623;
+  extensions 624 to 624;
+  extensions 625 to 625;
+  extensions 626 to 626;
+  extensions 627 to 627;
+  extensions 628 to 628;
+  extensions 629 to 629;
+  extensions 813 to 813;
+  extensions 814 to 814;
+  extensions 815 to 815;
+  extensions 816 to 816;
+  extensions 817 to 817;
+  extensions 818 to 818;
+  extensions 819 to 819;
+  extensions 820 to 820;
+  extensions 821 to 821;
+  extensions 822 to 822;
+  extensions 823 to 823;
+  extensions 824 to 824;
+  extensions 827 to 827;
+  extensions 828 to 828;
+  extensions 829 to 829;
+  extensions 830 to 830;
+  extensions 831 to 831;
+  extensions 832 to 832;
+  extensions 833 to 833;
+  extensions 834 to 834;
+  extensions 835 to 835;
+  extensions 836 to 836;
+  extensions 837 to 837;
+  extensions 838 to 838;
+  extensions 839 to 839;
+  extensions 840 to 840;
+  extensions 841 to 841;
+  extensions 842 to 842;
+  extensions 843 to 843;
+  extensions 844 to 844;
+  extensions 845 to 845;
+  extensions 846 to 846;
+  extensions 847 to 847;
+  extensions 848 to 848;
+  extensions 849 to 849;
+  extensions 850 to 850;
+  extensions 851 to 851;
+  extensions 852 to 852;
+  extensions 853 to 853;
+  extensions 854 to 854;
+  extensions 855 to 855;
+  extensions 856 to 856;
+  extensions 857 to 857;
+  extensions 858 to 858;
+  extensions 859 to 859;
+  extensions 860 to 860;
+  extensions 861 to 861;
+  extensions 862 to 862;
+  extensions 863 to 863;
+  extensions 864 to 864;
+  extensions 865 to 865;
+  extensions 866 to 866;
+  extensions 867 to 867;
+  extensions 868 to 868;
+  extensions 869 to 869;
+  extensions 870 to 870;
+  extensions 871 to 871;
+  extensions 880 to 880;
+  extensions 881 to 881;
+  extensions 882 to 882;
+  extensions 883 to 883;
+  extensions 884 to 884;
+  extensions 885 to 885;
+  extensions 886 to 886;
+  extensions 887 to 887;
+  extensions 888 to 888;
+  extensions 890 to 890;
+  extensions 891 to 891;
+  extensions 892 to 892;
+  extensions 912 to 912;
+  extensions 914 to 914;
+  extensions 915 to 915;
+  extensions 916 to 916;
+  extensions 917 to 917;
+  extensions 918 to 918;
+  extensions 919 to 919;
+  extensions 920 to 920;
+  extensions 921 to 921;
+  extensions 922 to 922;
+  extensions 923 to 923;
+  extensions 924 to 924;
+  extensions 925 to 925;
+  extensions 926 to 926;
+  extensions 927 to 927;
+  extensions 928 to 928;
+  extensions 929 to 929;
+  extensions 930 to 930;
+  extensions 931 to 931;
+  extensions 932 to 932;
+  extensions 933 to 933;
+  extensions 934 to 934;
+  extensions 935 to 935;
+  extensions 936 to 936;
+  extensions 937 to 937;
+  extensions 938 to 938;
+  extensions 939 to 939;
+  extensions 940 to 940;
+  extensions 941 to 941;
+  extensions 942 to 942;
+  extensions 943 to 943;
+  extensions 944 to 944;
+  extensions 945 to 945;
+  extensions 946 to 946;
+  extensions 947 to 947;
+  extensions 949 to 949;
+  extensions 950 to 950;
+  extensions 951 to 951;
+  extensions 952 to 952;
+  extensions 954 to 954;
+  extensions 955 to 955;
+  extensions 956 to 956;
+  extensions 957 to 957;
+  extensions 958 to 958;
+  extensions 959 to 959;
+  extensions 960 to 960;
+  extensions 961 to 961;
+  extensions 962 to 962;
+  extensions 963 to 963;
+  extensions 964 to 964;
+  extensions 965 to 965;
+  extensions 966 to 966;
+  extensions 967 to 967;
+  extensions 968 to 968;
+  extensions 969 to 969;
+  extensions 970 to 970;
+  extensions 971 to 971;
+  extensions 972 to 972;
+  extensions 973 to 973;
+  extensions 974 to 974;
+  extensions 975 to 975;
+  extensions 976 to 976;
+  extensions 977 to 977;
+  extensions 978 to 978;
+  extensions 979 to 979;
+  extensions 980 to 980;
+  extensions 981 to 981;
+  extensions 982 to 982;
+  extensions 983 to 983;
+  extensions 984 to 984;
+  extensions 985 to 985;
+  extensions 987 to 987;
+  extensions 988 to 988;
+  extensions 1000 to 1000;
+  extensions 1001 to 1001;
+  extensions 1002 to 1002;
+  extensions 1003 to 1003;
+  extensions 1004 to 1004;
+  extensions 1005 to 1005;
+  extensions 1006 to 1006;
+  extensions 1007 to 1007;
+  extensions 1008 to 1008;
+  extensions 1009 to 1009;
+  extensions 1010 to 1010;
+  extensions 1011 to 1011;
+  extensions 1012 to 1012;
+  extensions 1013 to 1013;
+  extensions 1014 to 1014;
+  extensions 1015 to 1015;
+  extensions 1016 to 1016;
+  extensions 1017 to 1017;
+  extensions 1018 to 1018;
+  extensions 1019 to 1019;
+  extensions 1020 to 1020;
+  extensions 1021 to 1021;
+  extensions 1022 to 1022;
+  extensions 1023 to 1023;
+  extensions 1024 to 1024;
+  extensions 1025 to 1025;
+  extensions 1026 to 1026;
+  extensions 1027 to 1027;
+  extensions 1028 to 1028;
+  extensions 1029 to 1029;
+  extensions 1030 to 1030;
+  extensions 1031 to 1031;
+  extensions 1032 to 1032;
+  extensions 1033 to 1033;
+  extensions 1034 to 1034;
+  extensions 1035 to 1035;
+  extensions 1036 to 1036;
+  extensions 1037 to 1037;
+  extensions 1038 to 1038;
+  extensions 1039 to 1039;
+  extensions 1040 to 1040;
+  extensions 1041 to 1041;
+  extensions 1042 to 1042;
+  extensions 1043 to 1043;
+  extensions 1044 to 1044;
+  extensions 1045 to 1045;
+  extensions 1046 to 1046;
+  extensions 1047 to 1047;
+  extensions 1048 to 1048;
+  extensions 1049 to 1049;
+  extensions 1050 to 1050;
+  extensions 1051 to 1051;
+  extensions 1052 to 1052;
+  extensions 1053 to 1053;
+  extensions 1054 to 1054;
+  extensions 1055 to 1055;
+  extensions 1056 to 1056;
+  extensions 1057 to 1057;
+  extensions 1058 to 1058;
+  extensions 1079 to 1079;
+  extensions 1080 to 1080;
+  extensions 1081 to 1081;
+  extensions 1082 to 1082;
+  extensions 1083 to 1083;
+  extensions 1084 to 1084;
+  extensions 1085 to 1085;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16945 field17025 = 22068132;
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ab993ba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_3.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_4.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_5.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.proto";
+package benchmarks.google_message3;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+message Message22853 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum22854 field22869 = 1;
+  repeated uint32 field22870 = 2 [packed = true];
+  repeated float field22871 = 3 [packed = true];
+  repeated float field22872 = 5 [packed = true];
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field22873 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message24345 {
+  optional string field24533 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field24534 = 22;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24346 field24535 = 2;
+  optional string field24536 = 3;
+  optional string field24537 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field24538 = 23;
+  optional string field24539 = 5;
+  required string field24540 = 6;
+  optional string field24541 = 7;
+  optional string field24542 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24316 field24543 = 9;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24376 field24544 = 10;
+  optional string field24545 = 11;
+  optional string field24546 = 19;
+  optional string field24547 = 20;
+  optional string field24548 = 21;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24549 = 12;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24550 = 13;
+  repeated string field24551 = 14;
+  optional string field24552 = 15;
+  optional int32 field24553 = 18;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24379 field24554 = 16;
+  optional string field24555 = 17;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24356 field24556 = 24;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24366 field24557 = 25;
+}
+
+message Message24403 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24401 field24681 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24402 field24682 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message24391 {
+  optional string field24631 = 1;
+  optional string field24632 = 2;
+  repeated string field24633 = 3;
+  optional string field24634 = 4;
+  repeated string field24635 = 5;
+  repeated string field24636 = 16;
+  optional string field24637 = 17;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24638 = 25;
+  optional string field24639 = 7;
+  optional string field24640 = 18;
+  optional string field24641 = 19;
+  optional string field24642 = 20;
+  optional int32 field24643 = 24;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24379 field24644 = 8;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24645 = 9;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24646 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24647 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24648 = 12;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24649 = 13;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24650 = 14;
+  optional string field24651 = 21;
+  optional int32 field24652 = 22;
+  optional int32 field24653 = 23;
+  repeated string field24654 = 15;
+  repeated string field24655 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message27454 {
+}
+
+message Message27357 {
+  optional string field27410 = 1;
+  optional float field27411 = 2;
+  optional string field27412 = 3;
+  optional bool field27413 = 4;
+  optional bool field27414 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message27360 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message27358 field27426 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum27361 field27427 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message27358 field27428 = 3;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field27429 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message34387 {
+  optional string field34446 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message34381 field34447 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field34448 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum34388 field34449 = 4;
+  optional int64 field34450 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message34621 {
+  optional double field34651 = 1;
+  optional double field34652 = 2;
+  optional double field34653 = 3;
+  optional double field34654 = 4;
+  optional double field34655 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field34656 = 13;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message34619 field34657 = 14;
+  optional string field34658 = 5;
+  optional string field34659 = 9;
+  optional double field34660 = 12;
+  optional bytes field34661 = 19;
+  optional string field34662 = 15;
+  optional string field34663 = 16;
+  optional string field34664 = 17;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field34665 = 18;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message34621 field34666 = 20;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field34667 = 100;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field34668 = 101;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message34621 field34669 = 17562023;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message35476 {
+  optional string field35484 = 1;
+  optional string field35485 = 2;
+  optional string field35486 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum35477 field35487 = 4;
+  optional float field35488 = 5;
+  optional float field35489 = 6;
+  optional float field35490 = 7;
+  optional float field35491 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field35492 = 9;
+  optional int32 field35493 = 10;
+  optional int32 field35494 = 11;
+  optional int32 field35495 = 12;
+  optional string field35496 = 13;
+  optional string field35497 = 14;
+}
+
+message Message949 {
+  optional string field955 = 1;
+  optional int64 field956 = 2;
+  optional int64 field957 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message730 field958 = 4;
+  repeated string field959 = 5;
+  optional string field960 = 6;
+  optional bool field961 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message36869 {
+  optional int32 field36970 = 1;
+  optional int32 field36971 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message33968 {
+  repeated group Message33969 = 1 {
+  }
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message33958 field33989 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field33990 = 106;
+  optional bool field33991 = 108;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field33992 = 107;
+}
+
+message Message6644 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6701 = 8;
+  optional string field6702 = 1;
+  optional double field6703 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6704 = 9;
+  optional bytes field6705 = 3;
+  optional bytes field6706 = 19;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6637 field6707 = 4;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6126 field6708 = 18;
+  optional bool field6709 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6643 field6710 = 10;
+  optional string field6711 = 12;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6712 = 14;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6713 = 15;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6714 = 16;
+  optional int32 field6715 = 17;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6716 = 20;
+}
+
+message Message18831 {
+  repeated group Message18832 = 1 {
+    optional int32 field18836 = 2;
+    optional string field18837 = 5;
+    optional float field18838 = 3;
+    optional float field18839 = 9;
+    optional int32 field18840 = 11;
+    repeated uint64 field18841 = 4;
+    repeated group Message18833 = 6 {
+      required uint64 field18843 = 7;
+      optional string field18844 = 8;
+      optional float field18845 = 10;
+      optional int32 field18846 = 12;
+      optional bool field18847 = 13;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+message Message13090 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13083 field13141 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13088 field13142 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message11874 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10391 field11888 = 3;
+  optional string field11889 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message11873 field11890 = 6;
+  optional bool field11891 = 7;
+  extensions 1 to 1;
+  extensions 2 to 2;
+  extensions 5 to 5;
+}
+
+message Message4144 {
+  repeated group Message4145 = 1 {
+    required .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum4146 field4165 = 2;
+    required int32 field4166 = 3;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum4160 field4167 = 9;
+    optional bytes field4168 = 4;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum4152 field4169 = 5;
+    optional string field4170 = 6;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message35573 {
+  optional fixed64 field35695 = 16;
+  optional string field35696 = 1000;
+  optional string field35697 = 1004;
+  optional int32 field35698 = 1003;
+  repeated group Message35574 = 1012 {
+  }
+  optional int64 field35700 = 1011;
+  optional int64 field35701 = 1005;
+  optional int64 field35702 = 1006;
+  optional int64 field35703 = 1007;
+  optional int64 field35704 = 1008;
+  repeated group Message35575 = 1 {
+    optional int64 field35709 = 2;
+    optional string field35710 = 3;
+    optional string field35711 = 19;
+    optional int32 field35712 = 20;
+    optional int32 field35713 = 21;
+    optional int32 field35714 = 22;
+    optional bool field35715 = 23;
+    optional int32 field35716 = 47;
+    optional int32 field35717 = 48;
+    optional bool field35718 = 24;
+    optional fixed64 field35719 = 25;
+    optional bytes field35720 = 52;
+    optional int32 field35721 = 18;
+    optional fixed32 field35722 = 43;
+    optional bool field35723 = 26;
+    optional int32 field35724 = 27;
+    optional int32 field35725 = 17;
+    optional bool field35726 = 45;
+    repeated int32 field35727 = 33;
+    repeated int32 field35728 = 58;
+    optional float field35729 = 34;
+    optional float field35730 = 1009;
+    optional int32 field35731 = 28;
+    repeated fixed64 field35732 = 1001;
+    repeated fixed64 field35733 = 1002;
+    optional int32 field35734 = 44;
+    optional int32 field35735 = 50;
+    optional int32 field35736 = 36;
+    optional int32 field35737 = 40;
+    optional bool field35738 = 1016;
+    optional bool field35739 = 1010;
+    optional int32 field35740 = 37;
+    optional int32 field35741 = 38;
+    optional string field35742 = 46;
+    optional uint32 field35743 = 60;
+    repeated bytes field35744 = 56;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field35745 = 57;
+    required group Message35576 = 4 {
+      optional fixed64 field35747 = 5;
+      optional int32 field35748 = 6;
+      optional int32 field35749 = 49;
+      optional int32 field35750 = 7;
+      optional uint32 field35751 = 59;
+      optional int32 field35752 = 14;
+      optional int32 field35753 = 15;
+      optional int32 field35754 = 35;
+      optional bytes field35755 = 53;
+      optional int32 field35756 = 8;
+      optional string field35757 = 9;
+      optional fixed64 field35758 = 10;
+      optional int32 field35759 = 11;
+      optional int32 field35760 = 12;
+      optional int32 field35761 = 41;
+      optional int32 field35762 = 30;
+      optional int32 field35763 = 31;
+      optional int32 field35764 = 13;
+      optional bytes field35765 = 39;
+      optional string field35766 = 29;
+      optional int32 field35767 = 42;
+      repeated int32 field35768 = 32;
+      repeated int32 field35769 = 51;
+      optional int64 field35770 = 54;
+      optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field35771 = 55;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+message Message36858 {
+  repeated int32 field36956 = 1;
+  repeated string field36957 = 2;
+  repeated string field36958 = 12;
+  optional int32 field36959 = 3;
+  optional int32 field36960 = 4;
+  optional int32 field36961 = 14;
+  optional string field36962 = 11;
+  optional bool field36963 = 5;
+  optional bool field36964 = 13;
+  optional int64 field36965 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message35506 field36966 = 7;
+  repeated group Message36859 = 8 {
+    required .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum36860 field36968 = 9;
+    optional float field36969 = 10;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message13174 {
+  required int32 field13237 = 6;
+  optional int32 field13238 = 3;
+  required int32 field13239 = 4;
+  optional int32 field13240 = 8;
+  optional double field13241 = 5;
+  optional double field13242 = 7;
+  optional int32 field13243 = 17;
+  optional int32 field13244 = 19;
+  optional double field13245 = 20;
+  optional int32 field13246 = 9;
+  optional double field13247 = 10;
+  optional int32 field13248 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13151 field13249 = 21;
+  optional int32 field13250 = 1;
+  optional double field13251 = 2;
+  optional double field13252 = 15;
+  optional double field13253 = 16;
+  optional double field13254 = 12;
+  optional double field13255 = 13;
+  optional double field13256 = 14;
+  optional int32 field13257 = 18;
+}
+
+message Message18283 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18478 = 1;
+  optional int32 field18479 = 4;
+  optional int32 field18480 = 106;
+  optional int32 field18481 = 107;
+  optional int32 field18482 = 108;
+  optional int32 field18483 = 109;
+  optional int32 field18484 = 105;
+  optional int32 field18485 = 113;
+  optional int32 field18486 = 114;
+  optional int32 field18487 = 124;
+  optional int32 field18488 = 125;
+  optional int32 field18489 = 128;
+  optional int32 field18490 = 135;
+  optional bool field18491 = 166;
+  optional bool field18492 = 136;
+  optional int32 field18493 = 140;
+  optional int32 field18494 = 171;
+  optional int32 field18495 = 148;
+  optional int32 field18496 = 145;
+  optional float field18497 = 117;
+  optional int32 field18498 = 146;
+  optional string field18499 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18500 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18501 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18502 = 9;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message18253 field18503 = 155;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18504 = 184;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18505 = 163;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18506 = 16;
+  repeated int32 field18507 = 20;
+  repeated int32 field18508 = 7;
+  repeated string field18509 = 194;
+  optional bytes field18510 = 30;
+  optional int32 field18511 = 31;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18512 = 178;
+  optional string field18513 = 8;
+  optional float field18514 = 2;
+  optional float field18515 = 100;
+  optional float field18516 = 101;
+  optional float field18517 = 102;
+  optional int32 field18518 = 103;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18519 = 104;
+  optional int32 field18520 = 110;
+  optional int32 field18521 = 112;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18522 = 111;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18523 = 115;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18524 = 119;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18525 = 127;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18526 = 185;
+  optional int32 field18527 = 120;
+  optional int32 field18528 = 132;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18529 = 126;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18530 = 129;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18531 = 131;
+  optional fixed64 field18532 = 150;
+  optional int32 field18533 = 133;
+  optional int32 field18534 = 134;
+  optional int32 field18535 = 139;
+  optional fixed64 field18536 = 137;
+  optional fixed64 field18537 = 138;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18538 = 141;
+  optional int32 field18539 = 142;
+  optional int32 field18540 = 181;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16816 field18541 = 143;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16685 field18542 = 154;
+  optional int32 field18543 = 144;
+  optional int64 field18544 = 147;
+  optional int64 field18545 = 149;
+  optional int32 field18546 = 151;
+  optional int32 field18547 = 152;
+  optional int32 field18548 = 153;
+  optional float field18549 = 161;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field18550 = 123;
+  repeated int64 field18551 = 156;
+  optional int32 field18552 = 157;
+  repeated fixed64 field18553 = 188;
+  optional int32 field18554 = 158;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18555 = 159;
+  optional bool field18556 = 160;
+  optional uint64 field18557 = 162;
+  optional int32 field18558 = 164;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18559 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18560 = 167;
+  optional int32 field18561 = 168;
+  repeated fixed64 field18562 = 169;
+  repeated string field18563 = 170;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18564 = 172;
+  optional int64 field18565 = 173;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18566 = 174;
+  optional int64 field18567 = 175;
+  optional uint32 field18568 = 189;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18569 = 176;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18570 = 177;
+  optional uint32 field18571 = 179;
+  optional uint32 field18572 = 180;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18573 = 182;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18574 = 183;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18575 = 121;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18576 = 186;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18577 = 187;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18578 = 190;
+  optional int32 field18579 = 191;
+  optional float field18580 = 192;
+  optional bool field18581 = 193;
+  extensions 116 to 116;
+  extensions 118 to 118;
+  extensions 130 to 130;
+  extensions 165 to 165;
+}
+
+message Message13169 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13168 field13223 = 1;
+  required .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13167 field13224 = 2;
+  optional string field13225 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message19255 {
+  optional string field19257 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message35542 {
+  optional bool field35543 = 1;
+  optional bool field35544 = 2;
+  optional bool field35545 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message3901 {
+  optional int32 field3990 = 1;
+  optional int32 field3991 = 2;
+  optional int32 field3992 = 3;
+  optional int32 field3993 = 4;
+  optional int32 field3994 = 7;
+  optional int32 field3995 = 8;
+  optional int32 field3996 = 9;
+  optional int32 field3997 = 10;
+  optional int32 field3998 = 11;
+  optional int32 field3999 = 12;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field4000 = 6;
+  optional int32 field4001 = 5;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e71d26613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_4.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_5.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.proto";
+package benchmarks.google_message3;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+message Message35546 {
+  optional int64 field35556 = 1;
+  optional int32 field35557 = 2;
+  optional bool field35558 = 3;
+  optional int64 field35559 = 13;
+  optional group Message35547 = 4 {
+    required int32 field35569 = 5;
+    required int32 field35570 = 6;
+  }
+  optional group Message35548 = 10 {
+    required int64 field35571 = 11;
+    required int64 field35572 = 12;
+  }
+  optional bool field35562 = 14;
+  optional bool field35563 = 15;
+  optional int32 field35564 = 16;
+  optional bool field35565 = 17;
+  optional bool field35566 = 18;
+  optional string field35567 = 100;
+}
+
+message Message2356 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message1374 field2368 = 121;
+  optional uint64 field2369 = 1;
+  optional int32 field2370 = 2;
+  optional int32 field2371 = 17;
+  required string field2372 = 3;
+  optional int32 field2373 = 7;
+  optional bytes field2374 = 8;
+  optional string field2375 = 4;
+  optional string field2376 = 101;
+  optional int32 field2377 = 102;
+  optional int32 field2378 = 103;
+  optional int32 field2379 = 104;
+  optional int32 field2380 = 113;
+  optional int32 field2381 = 114;
+  optional int32 field2382 = 115;
+  optional int32 field2383 = 117;
+  optional int32 field2384 = 118;
+  optional int32 field2385 = 119;
+  optional int32 field2386 = 105;
+  optional bytes field2387 = 5;
+  optional group Message2357 = 6 {
+    optional int64 field2399 = 9;
+    optional int32 field2400 = 10;
+    optional int32 field2401 = 11;
+    optional int32 field2402 = 12;
+    optional int32 field2403 = 13;
+    optional int32 field2404 = 116;
+    optional int32 field2405 = 106;
+    required bytes field2406 = 14;
+    optional int32 field2407 = 45;
+    optional int32 field2408 = 112;
+    optional bool field2409 = 122;
+    optional bytes field2410 = 124;
+  }
+  optional string field2389 = 120;
+  optional group Message2358 = 107 {
+  }
+  repeated group Message2359 = 40 {
+    optional string field2413 = 41;
+    optional string field2414 = 42;
+    optional string field2415 = 43;
+    optional string field2416 = 44;
+    optional int32 field2417 = 46;
+    optional string field2418 = 47;
+    optional float field2419 = 110;
+    optional float field2420 = 111;
+  }
+  optional int32 field2392 = 50;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field2393 = 60;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field2394 = 70;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field2395 = 80;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field2396 = 90;
+  optional string field2397 = 100;
+  optional string field2398 = 123;
+}
+
+message Message7029 {
+  required int32 field7183 = 1;
+  optional int32 field7184 = 2;
+  optional int32 field7185 = 3;
+  optional int32 field7186 = 4;
+  optional int32 field7187 = 5;
+  optional int32 field7188 = 6;
+  optional int32 field7189 = 17;
+  optional int32 field7190 = 18;
+  optional int32 field7191 = 49;
+  optional int32 field7192 = 28;
+  optional int32 field7193 = 33;
+  optional int32 field7194 = 25;
+  optional int32 field7195 = 26;
+  optional int32 field7196 = 40;
+  optional int32 field7197 = 41;
+  optional int32 field7198 = 42;
+  optional int32 field7199 = 43;
+  optional int32 field7200 = 19;
+  optional int32 field7201 = 7;
+  optional int32 field7202 = 8;
+  optional int32 field7203 = 9;
+  optional int32 field7204 = 10;
+  optional int32 field7205 = 11;
+  optional int32 field7206 = 12;
+  repeated group Message7030 = 13 {
+    optional string field7226 = 14;
+    optional string field7227 = 15;
+    optional int64 field7228 = 16;
+  }
+  repeated group Message7031 = 21 {
+    optional string field7229 = 22;
+    optional int32 field7230 = 23;
+    optional int32 field7231 = 24;
+    optional int32 field7232 = 30;
+    optional int32 field7233 = 31;
+    optional int32 field7234 = 35;
+  }
+  optional int32 field7209 = 20;
+  optional float field7210 = 27;
+  optional int32 field7211 = 29;
+  optional int32 field7212 = 32;
+  optional string field7213 = 48;
+  optional bool field7214 = 34;
+  optional int32 field7215 = 36;
+  optional float field7216 = 37;
+  optional bool field7217 = 38;
+  optional bool field7218 = 39;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field7219 = 44;
+  optional int32 field7220 = 45;
+  optional int32 field7221 = 46;
+  optional int32 field7222 = 47;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field7223 = 50;
+  optional int32 field7224 = 51;
+}
+
+message Message35538 {
+  required int64 field35539 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message18921 {
+  optional string field18946 = 1;
+  optional fixed64 field18947 = 2;
+  optional int32 field18948 = 3;
+  optional double field18949 = 4;
+  optional bool field18950 = 17;
+  optional bool field18951 = 23;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18952 = 24;
+  repeated group Message18922 = 5 {
+    optional uint64 field18959 = 6;
+    optional string field18960 = 13;
+    optional bool field18961 = 21;
+    optional bool field18962 = 33;
+    optional int32 field18963 = 7;
+    optional int32 field18964 = 8;
+    optional string field18965 = 9;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message18856 field18966 = 10;
+    optional uint64 field18967 = 34;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18968 = 11;
+    optional uint64 field18969 = 35;
+    optional float field18970 = 12;
+    repeated string field18971 = 14;
+    optional bool field18972 = 15;
+    optional bool field18973 = 16;
+    optional float field18974 = 22;
+    optional int32 field18975 = 18;
+    optional int32 field18976 = 19;
+    optional int32 field18977 = 20;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18978 = 25;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field18979 = 26;
+    repeated string field18980 = 27;
+    optional float field18981 = 28;
+  }
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18954 = 29;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message18943 field18955 = 30;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message18944 field18956 = 31;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field18957 = 32;
+}
+
+message Message35540 {
+  optional bool field35541 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message3886 {
+  repeated group Message3887 = 1 {
+    required string field3932 = 2;
+    optional string field3933 = 9;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message3850 field3934 = 3;
+    optional bytes field3935 = 8;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message6743 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6721 field6759 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6723 field6760 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6723 field6761 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6725 field6762 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6726 field6763 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6733 field6764 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6734 field6765 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6742 field6766 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message6773 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum6769 field6794 = 1;
+  optional int32 field6795 = 9;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field6796 = 10;
+  optional int32 field6797 = 11;
+  optional int32 field6798 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum6774 field6799 = 3;
+  optional double field6800 = 5;
+  optional double field6801 = 7;
+  optional double field6802 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum6782 field6803 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message8224 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8255 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8184 field8256 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8257 = 3;
+  optional string field8258 = 4;
+  optional string field8259 = 5;
+  optional bool field8260 = 6;
+  optional int64 field8261 = 7;
+  optional string field8262 = 8;
+  optional int64 field8263 = 9;
+  optional double field8264 = 10;
+  optional int64 field8265 = 11;
+  repeated string field8266 = 12;
+  optional int64 field8267 = 13;
+  optional int32 field8268 = 14;
+  optional int32 field8269 = 15;
+  optional int64 field8270 = 16;
+  optional double field8271 = 17;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8272 = 18;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8273 = 19;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8274 = 20;
+  optional bool field8275 = 21;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8276 = 22;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8277 = 23;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8278 = 24;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8279 = 25;
+  optional bool field8280 = 26;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8281 = 27;
+}
+
+message Message8392 {
+  optional string field8395 = 1;
+  optional string field8396 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8397 = 3;
+  optional string field8398 = 4;
+  optional string field8399 = 5;
+  optional string field8400 = 6;
+  optional string field8401 = 7;
+  optional string field8402 = 8;
+  optional string field8403 = 9;
+}
+
+message Message8130 {
+  optional string field8156 = 1;
+  optional string field8157 = 2;
+  optional string field8158 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8159 = 6;
+  repeated string field8160 = 7;
+  optional int64 field8161 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8162 = 9;
+  optional string field8163 = 10;
+  optional string field8164 = 11;
+  optional string field8165 = 12;
+  optional string field8166 = 13;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8167 = 14;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8168 = 15;
+  optional string field8169 = 16;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field8170 = 17;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field8171 = 18;
+  optional bool field8172 = 19;
+  optional bool field8173 = 20;
+  optional double field8174 = 21;
+  optional int32 field8175 = 22;
+  optional int32 field8176 = 23;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8177 = 24;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8178 = 25;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8179 = 26;
+}
+
+message Message8478 {
+  optional string field8489 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8490 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8476 field8491 = 2;
+  optional int64 field8492 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8476 field8493 = 4;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8477 field8494 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8454 field8495 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8496 = 8;
+}
+
+message Message8479 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8475 field8497 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8498 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8476 field8499 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8476 field8500 = 4;
+  optional string field8501 = 6;
+  optional string field8502 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8503 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8455 field8504 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8505 = 9;
+}
+
+message Message10319 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum10325 field10340 = 1;
+  optional int32 field10341 = 4;
+  optional int32 field10342 = 5;
+  optional bytes field10343 = 3;
+  optional string field10344 = 2;
+  optional string field10345 = 6;
+  optional string field10346 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message4016 {
+  required int32 field4017 = 1;
+  required int32 field4018 = 2;
+  required int32 field4019 = 3;
+  required int32 field4020 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message12669 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message12559 field12681 = 1;
+  optional float field12682 = 2;
+  optional bool field12683 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum12670 field12684 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message12819 {
+  optional double field12834 = 1;
+  optional double field12835 = 2;
+  optional double field12836 = 3;
+  optional double field12837 = 4;
+  optional double field12838 = 5;
+  optional double field12839 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message12820 {
+  optional int32 field12840 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12841 = 2;
+  optional int32 field12842 = 3;
+  optional int32 field12843 = 8;
+  optional int32 field12844 = 4;
+  optional int32 field12845 = 5;
+  optional int32 field12846 = 6;
+  optional int32 field12847 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message12821 {
+  optional int32 field12848 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12849 = 2;
+  optional int32 field12850 = 3;
+  optional int32 field12851 = 4;
+  optional int32 field12852 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message12818 {
+  optional uint64 field12829 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12830 = 2;
+  optional int32 field12831 = 3;
+  optional int32 field12832 = 5;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message12817 field12833 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message16479 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16480 field16484 = 1;
+  optional int32 field16485 = 5;
+  optional float field16486 = 2;
+  optional uint32 field16487 = 4;
+  optional bool field16488 = 3;
+  optional uint32 field16489 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message16722 {
+  optional string field16752 = 1;
+  optional string field16753 = 2;
+  optional string field16754 = 3;
+  optional int32 field16755 = 5;
+  optional string field16756 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message16724 {
+  optional int64 field16761 = 1;
+  optional float field16762 = 2;
+  optional int64 field16763 = 3;
+  optional int64 field16764 = 4;
+  optional bool field16765 = 5;
+  repeated string field16766 = 6;
+  repeated string field16767 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field16768 = 8;
+  optional bool field16769 = 9;
+  optional uint32 field16770 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum16728 field16771 = 11;
+  repeated int32 field16772 = 12;
+  optional bool field16773 = 13;
+}
+
+message Message17728 {
+}
+
+message Message24356 {
+  optional string field24559 = 1;
+  optional string field24560 = 2;
+  optional int32 field24561 = 14;
+  optional string field24562 = 3;
+  optional string field24563 = 4;
+  optional string field24564 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field24565 = 13;
+  optional string field24566 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum24361 field24567 = 12;
+  optional string field24568 = 7;
+  optional string field24569 = 8;
+  optional string field24570 = 9;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24571 = 10;
+  repeated string field24572 = 11;
+  repeated string field24573 = 15;
+}
+
+message Message24376 {
+  optional string field24589 = 1;
+  optional string field24590 = 2;
+  optional string field24591 = 3;
+  required .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24377 field24592 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24317 field24593 = 5;
+  optional string field24594 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24378 field24595 = 7;
+  repeated string field24596 = 8;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24597 = 14;
+  repeated string field24598 = 9;
+  repeated string field24599 = 10;
+  repeated string field24600 = 11;
+  optional string field24601 = 12;
+  repeated string field24602 = 13;
+}
+
+message Message24366 {
+  optional string field24574 = 1;
+  optional string field24575 = 2;
+  optional string field24576 = 3;
+  optional int32 field24577 = 10;
+  optional string field24578 = 13;
+  optional string field24579 = 4;
+  optional string field24580 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field24581 = 9;
+  optional string field24582 = 14;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field24583 = 15;
+  optional string field24584 = 6;
+  optional string field24585 = 12;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24586 = 7;
+  repeated string field24587 = 8;
+  repeated string field24588 = 11;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_4.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_4.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..597cec6d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_4.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_5.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_6.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.proto";
+package benchmarks.google_message3;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+message Message24346 {
+}
+
+message Message24401 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24400 field24679 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message24402 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24400 field24680 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message24379 {
+  optional string field24603 = 1;
+  optional string field24604 = 2;
+  optional string field24605 = 3;
+  required .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24380 field24606 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24607 = 5;
+  optional string field24608 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24381 field24609 = 7;
+  repeated string field24610 = 8;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24611 = 17;
+  repeated string field24612 = 9;
+  repeated string field24613 = 10;
+  repeated string field24614 = 11;
+  optional string field24615 = 14;
+  optional string field24616 = 12;
+  optional string field24617 = 16;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24618 = 13;
+  repeated string field24619 = 15;
+  repeated string field24620 = 18;
+}
+
+message Message27358 {
+  optional int32 field27415 = 1;
+  optional int32 field27416 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message34381 {
+  optional string field34398 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field34399 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field34400 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field34401 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field34402 = 5;
+  optional bool field34403 = 6;
+  optional bool field34404 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field34405 = 8;
+  optional bool field34406 = 9;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field34407 = 10;
+}
+
+message Message34619 {
+  optional double field34641 = 1;
+  optional double field34642 = 2;
+  optional double field34643 = 3;
+  optional double field34644 = 4;
+  optional double field34645 = 11;
+  optional double field34646 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field34647 = 100;
+}
+
+message Message730 {
+  optional string field897 = 19;
+  repeated string field898 = 27;
+  repeated string field899 = 28;
+  repeated string field900 = 21;
+  optional string field901 = 30;
+  repeated uint32 field902 = 20;
+  repeated uint32 field903 = 32;
+  repeated string field904 = 16;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message697 field905 = 6;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message704 field906 = 7;
+  repeated string field907 = 18;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message703 field908 = 8;
+  repeated string field909 = 9;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message716 field910 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message718 field911 = 11;
+  optional bool field912 = 14;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message715 field913 = 4;
+  repeated string field914 = 17;
+  repeated string field915 = 23;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message719 field916 = 24;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message728 field917 = 26;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message702 field918 = 35;
+  optional string field919 = 36;
+  repeated string field920 = 37;
+  optional int64 field921 = 38;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field922 = 39;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field923 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field924 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field925 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field926 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field927 = 13;
+  repeated string field928 = 22;
+  optional bytes field929 = 31;
+  extensions 25 to 25;
+  extensions 29 to 29;
+  extensions 34 to 34;
+  extensions 15 to 15;
+}
+
+message Message33958 {
+  optional string field33977 = 1;
+  optional string field33978 = 9;
+  repeated group Message33959 = 2 {
+    required string field33982 = 3;
+    optional string field33983 = 4;
+    optional string field33984 = 5;
+    optional fixed64 field33985 = 8;
+    optional bool field33986 = 10;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 field33987 = 6;
+  }
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum33960 field33980 = 7;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message0 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message33958 field33981 = 10747482;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message6637 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6670 = 2;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6671 = 1;
+  optional int32 field6672 = 3;
+  repeated string field6673 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6674 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message6643 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6683 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6684 = 4;
+  optional double field6685 = 5;
+  optional double field6686 = 6;
+  optional int32 field6687 = 1;
+  optional int32 field6688 = 2;
+  optional double field6689 = 9;
+  optional bytes field6690 = 10;
+  optional int32 field6691 = 11;
+  optional bool field6692 = 12;
+  optional bool field6693 = 13;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6578 field6694 = 15;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field6695 = 16;
+  optional int64 field6696 = 17;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6697 = 22;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6698 = 19;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6699 = 20;
+  optional int32 field6700 = 21;
+}
+
+message Message6126 {
+  required string field6152 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6153 = 9;
+  optional int32 field6154 = 14;
+  optional bytes field6155 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6024 field6156 = 12;
+  optional int32 field6157 = 4;
+  optional string field6158 = 5;
+  optional int32 field6159 = 6;
+  repeated int32 field6160 = 2;
+  repeated int32 field6161 = 3;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6052 field6162 = 7;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6163 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum6065 field6164 = 15;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6165 = 8;
+  optional bool field6166 = 13;
+  optional bool field6167 = 16;
+  optional bool field6168 = 18;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6054 field6169 = 17;
+  optional int32 field6170 = 19;
+}
+
+message Message13083 {
+  optional float field13096 = 1;
+  repeated group Message13084 = 2 {
+    required float field13107 = 3;
+    required int32 field13108 = 4;
+    optional float field13109 = 5;
+    repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum13092 field13110 = 6;
+  }
+  optional float field13098 = 44;
+  optional float field13099 = 45;
+  optional uint64 field13100 = 46;
+  optional float field13101 = 47;
+  optional group Message13085 = 16 {
+  }
+  repeated group Message13086 = 23 {
+  }
+  repeated group Message13087 = 29 {
+  }
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field13105 = 43;
+}
+
+message Message13088 {
+  repeated group Message13089 = 1 {
+    required string field13139 = 2;
+    optional float field13140 = 3;
+  }
+  optional int64 field13136 = 4;
+  optional bool field13137 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message10391 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum10392 field10411 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field10412 = 2;
+  optional int64 field10413 = 3;
+  optional string field10414 = 4;
+  optional string field10415 = 5;
+  optional bytes field10416 = 6;
+  optional bool field10417 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field10418 = 9;
+  optional bool field10419 = 10;
+}
+
+message Message11873 {
+  optional string field11876 = 1;
+  optional string field11877 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10573 field11878 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10582 field11879 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10824 field11880 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10773 field11881 = 12;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message11866 field11882 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10818 field11883 = 13;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field11884 = 16;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10155 field11885 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10469 field11886 = 14;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field11887 = 15;
+  extensions 9 to 9;
+  extensions 10 to 10;
+}
+
+message Message35506 {
+  optional int32 field35524 = 1;
+  optional string field35525 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum35507 field35526 = 3;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field35527 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message13151 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13145 field13158 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message18253 {
+  repeated group Message18254 = 1 {
+    required fixed64 field18362 = 2;
+    required double field18363 = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message16685 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message16686 field16694 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message16816 {
+  optional float field16826 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum16819 field16827 = 2;
+  optional float field16828 = 3;
+  repeated group Message16817 = 4 {
+  }
+  optional bool field16830 = 7;
+  optional bool field16831 = 8;
+  repeated group Message16818 = 12 {
+  }
+  optional string field16833 = 10;
+  optional bool field16834 = 13;
+  optional bool field16835 = 14;
+}
+
+message Message13168 {
+  required int32 field13212 = 1;
+  optional fixed64 field13213 = 7;
+  optional bool field13214 = 8;
+  optional fixed64 field13215 = 10;
+  optional bool field13216 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message12796 field13217 = 9;
+  required double field13218 = 2;
+  required bool field13219 = 3;
+  optional int32 field13220 = 4;
+  required bool field13221 = 5;
+  optional int32 field13222 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message13167 {
+  required int32 field13199 = 1;
+  optional int32 field13200 = 2;
+  optional int32 field13201 = 3;
+  optional bool field13202 = 8;
+  optional fixed64 field13203 = 12;
+  optional bool field13204 = 13;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message12796 field13205 = 11;
+  optional fixed64 field13206 = 9;
+  optional bool field13207 = 10;
+  repeated int32 field13208 = 4;
+  optional int32 field13209 = 5;
+  optional int32 field13210 = 6;
+  optional int32 field13211 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message1374 {
+  required string field1375 = 1;
+  optional string field1376 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message18943 {
+}
+
+message Message18944 {
+}
+
+message Message18856 {
+  optional string field18857 = 1;
+  optional string field18858 = 2;
+  optional bool field18859 = 31;
+  optional string field18860 = 26;
+  optional string field18861 = 3;
+  optional string field18862 = 4;
+  optional string field18863 = 5;
+  optional string field18864 = 17;
+  optional string field18865 = 6;
+  optional string field18866 = 7;
+  optional string field18867 = 8;
+  optional string field18868 = 9;
+  optional string field18869 = 10;
+  optional string field18870 = 11;
+  optional string field18871 = 21;
+  optional string field18872 = 18;
+  optional string field18873 = 19;
+  optional string field18874 = 20;
+  optional string field18875 = 22;
+  optional string field18876 = 23;
+  optional string field18877 = 24;
+  optional string field18878 = 25;
+  optional string field18879 = 12;
+  optional string field18880 = 13;
+  optional string field18881 = 29;
+  optional string field18882 = 30;
+  optional string field18883 = 15;
+  optional string field18884 = 16;
+  repeated string field18885 = 14;
+  optional string field18886 = 27;
+  optional string field18887 = 28;
+}
+
+message Message3850 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum3851 field3924 = 2;
+  optional bool field3925 = 12;
+  optional int32 field3926 = 4;
+  optional bool field3927 = 10;
+  optional bool field3928 = 13;
+  optional bool field3929 = 14;
+}
+
+message Message6721 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6722 field6744 = 1;
+  optional bool field6745 = 2;
+  optional bool field6746 = 3;
+  optional bool field6747 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message6742 {
+  optional bool field6758 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message6726 {
+  optional int64 field6752 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6727 field6753 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message6733 {
+  optional int64 field6754 = 1;
+  optional int64 field6755 = 2;
+  optional bool field6756 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message6723 {
+  optional int64 field6748 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6724 field6749 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message6725 {
+  optional int32 field6750 = 1;
+  optional int32 field6751 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message6734 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message6735 field6757 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message8184 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8228 = 1;
+  optional bool field8229 = 2;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8183 field8230 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message8477 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8486 = 1;
+  optional int64 field8487 = 2;
+  optional string field8488 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message8454 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8449 field8465 = 1;
+  optional int64 field8466 = 3;
+  optional int32 field8467 = 4;
+  optional bool field8468 = 5;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8301 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8454 field8469 = 66;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message8476 {
+  optional string field8483 = 1;
+  optional string field8484 = 2;
+  optional string field8485 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message8455 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8449 field8470 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8456 field8471 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8457 field8472 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8473 = 6;
+  extend .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8302 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8455 field8474 = 66;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message8475 {
+  optional string field8481 = 1;
+  optional int64 field8482 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message12559 {
+}
+
+message Message12817 {
+  optional int32 field12826 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12827 = 2;
+  optional int32 field12828 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message16480 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13358 field16490 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum16042 field16491 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13912 field16492 = 3;
+  optional string field16493 = 4;
+  optional string field16494 = 5;
+  optional string field16495 = 6;
+  optional string field16496 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message13358 field16497 = 8;
+  optional fixed32 field16498 = 9;
+}
+
+message Message24317 {
+  optional string field24446 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24312 field24447 = 2;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24315 field24448 = 3;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24313 field24449 = 4;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message24316 field24450 = 5;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24451 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field24452 = 7;
+  repeated string field24453 = 8;
+  repeated string field24454 = 9;
+  repeated string field24455 = 10;
+  repeated string field24456 = 28;
+  optional string field24457 = 11;
+  optional string field24458 = 12;
+  optional string field24459 = 13;
+  optional string field24460 = 14;
+  repeated string field24461 = 15;
+  optional string field24462 = 16;
+  repeated string field24463 = 17;
+  repeated string field24464 = 18;
+  repeated string field24465 = 19;
+  repeated string field24466 = 20;
+  repeated string field24467 = 21;
+  repeated string field24468 = 22;
+  repeated string field24469 = 23;
+  repeated string field24470 = 24;
+  optional string field24471 = 25;
+  optional string field24472 = 26;
+  repeated string field24473 = 27;
+  optional bool field24474 = 40;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_5.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_5.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc6cbc1c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_5.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_6.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.proto";
+package benchmarks.google_message3;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+message Message24377 {
+}
+
+message Message24378 {
+}
+
+message Message24400 {
+  optional int32 field24674 = 1;
+  optional int32 field24675 = 2;
+  optional int32 field24676 = 3;
+  optional int32 field24677 = 4;
+  optional int32 field24678 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message24380 {
+}
+
+message Message24381 {
+}
+
+message Message719 {
+  repeated string field881 = 1;
+  repeated string field882 = 2;
+  repeated string field883 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum720 field884 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message728 {
+  required string field887 = 1;
+  repeated string field888 = 2;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message703 field889 = 3;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message715 field890 = 4;
+  repeated string field891 = 5;
+  repeated string field892 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message718 field893 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message716 field894 = 8;
+  repeated string field895 = 9;
+  extensions 10 to 10;
+  extensions 11 to 11;
+  extensions 12 to 12;
+}
+
+message Message704 {
+  optional string field800 = 1;
+  optional string field801 = 7;
+  optional string field802 = 2;
+  optional string field803 = 3;
+  optional string field804 = 4;
+  optional string field805 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field806 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message697 {
+  optional string field743 = 7;
+  repeated string field744 = 1;
+  repeated string field745 = 2;
+  repeated string field746 = 33;
+  repeated string field747 = 29;
+  repeated string field748 = 30;
+  repeated string field749 = 31;
+  repeated string field750 = 32;
+  repeated string field751 = 13;
+  repeated string field752 = 6;
+  repeated string field753 = 3;
+  repeated string field754 = 14;
+  repeated string field755 = 15;
+  repeated string field756 = 16;
+  repeated string field757 = 4;
+  repeated string field758 = 34;
+  repeated string field759 = 35;
+  repeated string field760 = 5;
+  repeated string field761 = 17;
+  repeated string field762 = 18;
+  repeated string field763 = 19;
+  optional bool field764 = 36;
+  repeated string field765 = 8;
+  repeated string field766 = 9;
+  optional string field767 = 27;
+  optional bool field768 = 25;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message700 field769 = 10;
+  optional bool field770 = 11;
+  optional bool field771 = 24;
+  repeated string field772 = 12;
+  repeated string field773 = 20;
+  repeated string field774 = 21;
+  repeated string field775 = 22;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message699 field776 = 23;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message698 field777 = 37;
+  optional int64 field778 = 38;
+  extensions 28 to 28;
+  extensions 26 to 26;
+}
+
+message Message0 {
+  option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  extensions 4 to 2147483646;
+}
+
+message Message6578 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum6579 field6632 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum6588 field6633 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message6024 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum6025 field6048 = 1;
+  optional string field6049 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field6050 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message6052 {
+  required string field6084 = 1;
+  required bytes field6085 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message6054 {
+  required string field6089 = 1;
+  optional string field6090 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message10573 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10576 field10580 = 1;
+  optional string field10581 = 2;
+  extensions 10000 to 536870911;
+}
+
+message Message10824 {
+  required string field10825 = 1;
+  optional int32 field10826 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message10582 {
+  required bool field10583 = 1;
+  required double field10584 = 2;
+  optional bool field10585 = 3;
+  optional double field10586 = 4;
+  optional double field10587 = 5;
+  optional bool field10588 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message10155 {
+  required int32 field10195 = 1;
+  required int32 field10196 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum10157 field10197 = 59;
+  optional int32 field10198 = 18;
+  optional int32 field10199 = 19;
+  optional int32 field10200 = 21;
+  repeated group Message10156 = 50 {
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum8862 field10266 = 51;
+    optional int32 field10267 = 52;
+    optional int32 field10268 = 53;
+    optional int32 field10269 = 54;
+  }
+  optional int32 field10202 = 3;
+  optional int32 field10203 = 4;
+  optional int32 field10204 = 5;
+  optional bool field10205 = 84;
+  optional bool field10206 = 33;
+  optional int32 field10207 = 75;
+  optional float field10208 = 26;
+  optional int32 field10209 = 27;
+  optional int32 field10210 = 49;
+  optional int32 field10211 = 10;
+  optional float field10212 = 78;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message9151 field10213 = 91;
+  optional int32 field10214 = 11;
+  optional int32 field10215 = 12;
+  optional float field10216 = 41;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10154 field10217 = 61;
+  optional int32 field10218 = 23;
+  optional bytes field10219 = 24;
+  optional int32 field10220 = 65;
+  repeated bytes field10221 = 66;
+  optional int32 field10222 = 70;
+  optional bytes field10223 = 71;
+  repeated fixed64 field10224 = 73;
+  optional float field10225 = 29;
+  optional int32 field10226 = 30;
+  optional float field10227 = 31;
+  optional int32 field10228 = 32;
+  optional float field10229 = 34;
+  optional int32 field10230 = 35;
+  optional string field10231 = 22;
+  optional fixed64 field10232 = 13;
+  optional fixed64 field10233 = 20;
+  optional bool field10234 = 79;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum10167 field10235 = 80 [packed = true];
+  optional int32 field10236 = 14;
+  optional int32 field10237 = 15;
+  optional int32 field10238 = 28;
+  repeated string field10239 = 16;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message9182 field10240 = 17;
+  optional int32 field10241 = 63;
+  optional float field10242 = 64;
+  optional float field10243 = 37;
+  repeated float field10244 = 43;
+  optional int32 field10245 = 44;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message9242 field10246 = 45;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field10247 = 46;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field10248 = 62;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8944 field10249 = 48;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field10250 = 87;
+  optional int32 field10251 = 58;
+  optional int32 field10252 = 92;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message9123 field10253 = 93;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message9160 field10254 = 60;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8890 field10255 = 67;
+  optional string field10256 = 69;
+  optional int64 field10257 = 74;
+  optional float field10258 = 82;
+  optional float field10259 = 85;
+  optional float field10260 = 86;
+  optional int64 field10261 = 83;
+  optional string field10262 = 77;
+  optional bool field10263 = 88;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message9628 field10264 = 94;
+  extensions 57 to 57;
+  extensions 1000 to 536870911;
+}
+
+message Message11866 {
+  required .benchmarks.google_message3.Message11014 field11868 = 1;
+  optional bool field11869 = 2;
+  optional double field11870 = 3;
+  optional double field11871 = 4;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field11872 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message10469 {
+  optional string field10473 = 1;
+  optional float field10474 = 2;
+  optional int32 field10475 = 3;
+  optional int32 field10476 = 4;
+  optional int32 field10477 = 5;
+  optional bool field10478 = 6;
+  optional bool field10479 = 7;
+  optional int32 field10480 = 8;
+  optional float field10481 = 9;
+}
+
+message Message10818 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10800 field10819 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10801 field10820 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message10773 {
+  optional bool field10774 = 9;
+  optional bool field10775 = 1;
+  optional bool field10776 = 23;
+  optional bool field10777 = 2;
+  optional bool field10778 = 3;
+  optional int32 field10779 = 4;
+  optional int32 field10780 = 5;
+  optional int32 field10781 = 6;
+  optional int32 field10782 = 7;
+  optional int32 field10783 = 8;
+  optional int32 field10784 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10749 field10785 = 11;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field10786 = 12;
+  optional bool field10787 = 13;
+  optional bool field10788 = 15;
+  optional bool field10789 = 16;
+  optional int32 field10790 = 17;
+  optional int32 field10791 = 18;
+  optional bool field10792 = 19;
+  optional bool field10793 = 20;
+  optional bool field10794 = 21;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field10795 = 14;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field10796 = 22;
+}
+
+message Message13145 {
+  required .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum13146 field13155 = 1;
+  optional float field13156 = 2;
+  optional float field13157 = 3;
+  extensions 1000 to 536870911;
+}
+
+message Message16686 {
+}
+
+message Message12796 {
+  repeated fixed64 field12800 = 1;
+  optional uint64 field12801 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message6722 {
+}
+
+message Message6727 {
+}
+
+message Message6724 {
+}
+
+message Message6735 {
+}
+
+message Message8183 {
+  optional string field8226 = 1;
+  optional string field8227 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message8301 {
+  optional string field8328 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8329 = 2;
+  optional string field8330 = 3;
+  optional string field8331 = 4;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8290 field8332 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8333 = 6;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8298 field8334 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8300 field8335 = 8;
+  optional int64 field8336 = 9;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8337 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7965 field8338 = 11;
+  extensions 64 to 536870911;
+}
+
+message Message8456 {
+}
+
+message Message8302 {
+  optional string field8339 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8340 = 2;
+  optional string field8341 = 3;
+  optional string field8342 = 4;
+  optional string field8343 = 5;
+  optional string field8344 = 6;
+  optional string field8345 = 7;
+  optional int64 field8346 = 8;
+  optional int64 field8347 = 9;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8290 field8348 = 10;
+  optional string field8349 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8350 = 12;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8291 field8351 = 13;
+  optional int64 field8352 = 14;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8296 field8353 = 15;
+  optional string field8354 = 16;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8355 = 17;
+  repeated int32 field8356 = 18;
+  repeated int32 field8357 = 19;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field8358 = 20;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7965 field8359 = 21;
+  extensions 64 to 536870911;
+}
+
+message Message8457 {
+}
+
+message Message8449 {
+  optional string field8458 = 1;
+  optional bool field8459 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum8450 field8460 = 3;
+  repeated string field8461 = 4;
+  optional string field8462 = 5;
+  optional string field8463 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8464 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message13358 {
+  required fixed64 field13359 = 1;
+  required fixed64 field13360 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field13361 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message13912 {
+  required fixed32 field13913 = 1;
+  required fixed32 field13914 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field13915 = 500;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field13916 = 15;
+}
+
+message Message24316 {
+  repeated string field24443 = 1;
+  repeated string field24444 = 2;
+  repeated string field24445 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message24312 {
+  optional string field24421 = 1;
+  optional string field24422 = 2;
+  repeated string field24423 = 3;
+  repeated string field24424 = 4;
+  repeated string field24425 = 5;
+  repeated string field24426 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message24313 {
+  optional string field24427 = 1;
+  optional string field24428 = 2;
+  repeated string field24429 = 3;
+  optional string field24430 = 4;
+  optional string field24431 = 5;
+  optional string field24432 = 6;
+  optional string field24433 = 7;
+  repeated string field24434 = 8;
+  optional string field24435 = 9;
+  repeated string field24436 = 10;
+}
+
+message Message24315 {
+  required string field24440 = 1;
+  repeated string field24441 = 2;
+  repeated string field24442 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message716 {
+  required string field872 = 1;
+  required int32 field873 = 2;
+  optional bool field874 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message717 field875 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message718 {
+  repeated string field878 = 1;
+  repeated string field879 = 2;
+  optional string field880 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message703 {
+  required string field795 = 1;
+  repeated string field796 = 2;
+  repeated string field797 = 3;
+  optional string field798 = 4;
+  repeated string field799 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message715 {
+  required string field859 = 1;
+  optional string field860 = 7;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message707 field861 = 2;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message708 field862 = 3;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message711 field863 = 4;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message712 field864 = 5;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message713 field865 = 6;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message714 field866 = 8;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message710 field867 = 9;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message709 field868 = 10;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message705 field869 = 11;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message702 field870 = 12;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message706 field871 = 13;
+}
+
+message Message700 {
+  repeated string field789 = 1;
+  repeated string field790 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message699 {
+  required string field787 = 1;
+  repeated string field788 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message698 {
+  optional string field779 = 1;
+  optional string field780 = 2;
+  optional string field781 = 3;
+  optional string field782 = 4;
+  optional uint64 field783 = 5;
+  optional uint32 field784 = 6;
+  optional int64 field785 = 7;
+  repeated string field786 = 8;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_6.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_6.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98e1529e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_6.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.proto";
+package benchmarks.google_message3;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+message Message10576 {
+}
+
+message Message10154 {
+  optional bytes field10192 = 1;
+  optional int32 field10193 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message8944 {
+  optional string field9045 = 2;
+  optional string field9046 = 3;
+  optional string field9047 = 23;
+  optional string field9048 = 52;
+  optional int32 field9049 = 53;
+  optional int32 field9050 = 54;
+  optional float field9051 = 55;
+  optional float field9052 = 56;
+  optional string field9053 = 57;
+  optional int64 field9054 = 1;
+  optional bool field9055 = 4;
+  optional int32 field9056 = 5;
+  optional int32 field9057 = 6;
+  optional int32 field9058 = 7;
+  optional float field9059 = 8;
+  optional float field9060 = 11;
+  optional float field9061 = 9;
+  optional float field9062 = 10;
+  optional float field9063 = 13;
+  optional bool field9064 = 14;
+  optional float field9065 = 70;
+  optional int32 field9066 = 71;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum8945 field9067 = 15;
+  optional int32 field9068 = 16;
+  optional int32 field9069 = 17;
+  optional float field9070 = 18;
+  optional float field9071 = 19;
+  optional int32 field9072 = 28;
+  optional int32 field9073 = 29;
+  optional float field9074 = 60;
+  optional float field9075 = 61;
+  optional int32 field9076 = 72;
+  optional int32 field9077 = 73;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum8951 field9078 = 62;
+  optional string field9079 = 20;
+  optional string field9080 = 21;
+  optional string field9081 = 22;
+  optional double field9082 = 31;
+  optional double field9083 = 32;
+  optional double field9084 = 33;
+  optional double field9085 = 36;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field9086 = 37;
+  optional double field9087 = 38;
+  optional double field9088 = 39;
+  optional double field9089 = 63;
+  optional double field9090 = 64;
+  optional double field9091 = 65;
+  optional double field9092 = 34;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field9093 = 35;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field9094 = 66;
+  optional string field9095 = 40;
+  optional string field9096 = 41;
+  optional string field9097 = 42;
+  optional string field9098 = 43;
+  optional string field9099 = 44;
+  optional string field9100 = 45;
+  optional string field9101 = 46;
+  optional string field9102 = 47;
+  optional string field9103 = 48;
+  optional string field9104 = 49;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8939 field9105 = 100;
+  optional int64 field9106 = 101;
+}
+
+message Message9182 {
+  optional string field9205 = 1;
+  optional string field9206 = 2;
+  optional float field9207 = 16;
+  optional int32 field9208 = 17;
+  optional int32 field9209 = 27;
+  optional int32 field9210 = 7;
+  optional int32 field9211 = 8;
+  optional float field9212 = 26;
+  optional float field9213 = 22;
+  optional bool field9214 = 28;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field9215 = 21;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field9216 = 25;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message9181 field9217 = 29;
+  optional bool field9218 = 18;
+  optional bool field9219 = 19;
+  optional bool field9220 = 20;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message9164 field9221 = 30;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message9165 field9222 = 31;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message9166 field9223 = 32;
+  optional float field9224 = 33;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message9151 field9225 = 34;
+  optional float field9226 = 35;
+  optional float field9227 = 36;
+  optional float field9228 = 37;
+  optional float field9229 = 38;
+  optional float field9230 = 39;
+  extensions 3 to 6;
+  extensions 9 to 15;
+  extensions 23 to 23;
+  extensions 24 to 24;
+  extensions 1000 to 536870911;
+}
+
+message Message9160 {
+  optional int32 field9161 = 1;
+  optional bytes field9162 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message9242 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum9243 field9327 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message8890 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8888 field8916 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message9123 {
+  optional float field9135 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message9628 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message9627 field9673 = 1;
+  optional string field9674 = 2;
+  repeated int32 field9675 = 3;
+  optional int32 field9676 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message11014 {
+  optional int32 field11780 = 40;
+  optional string field11781 = 46;
+  optional bool field11782 = 47;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum11107 field11783 = 1;
+  optional int32 field11784 = 2;
+  optional double field11785 = 4;
+  optional int32 field11786 = 5;
+  optional int32 field11787 = 6;
+  optional double field11788 = 7;
+  optional double field11789 = 8;
+  optional int64 field11790 = 9;
+  optional bool field11791 = 10;
+  optional int64 field11792 = 28;
+  optional bool field11793 = 37;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum11541 field11794 = 44;
+  optional double field11795 = 49;
+  optional double field11796 = 51;
+  optional int64 field11797 = 54;
+  optional int64 field11798 = 55;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field11799 = 57;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum11468 field11800 = 58;
+  optional int32 field11801 = 59;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field11802 = 60;
+  optional int32 field11803 = 61;
+  optional int32 field11804 = 62;
+  optional int32 field11805 = 69;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field11806 = 68;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message11018 field11807 = 71;
+  optional bool field11808 = 50;
+  optional bool field11809 = 56;
+  optional bool field11810 = 66;
+  optional bool field11811 = 63;
+  optional bool field11812 = 64;
+  optional bool field11813 = 65;
+  optional bool field11814 = 67;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum11107 field11815 = 15;
+  optional int64 field11816 = 16;
+  optional double field11817 = 17;
+  optional int64 field11818 = 18;
+  optional int32 field11819 = 19;
+  optional int64 field11820 = 20;
+  optional int32 field11821 = 42;
+  optional int64 field11822 = 52;
+  optional int64 field11823 = 53;
+  optional int64 field11824 = 41;
+  optional double field11825 = 48;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message11020 field11826 = 70;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field11827 = 72;
+  optional double field11828 = 25;
+  optional string field11829 = 26;
+  optional int64 field11830 = 27;
+  optional int64 field11831 = 32;
+  optional uint64 field11832 = 33;
+  optional bool field11833 = 29;
+  optional bool field11834 = 34;
+  optional string field11835 = 30;
+  optional int32 field11836 = 3;
+  optional int32 field11837 = 31;
+  optional int32 field11838 = 73;
+  optional int32 field11839 = 35;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum11022 field11840 = 36;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message11013 field11841 = 38;
+  optional double field11842 = 39;
+  optional int32 field11843 = 45;
+  optional bool field11844 = 74;
+}
+
+message Message10801 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10800 field10812 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10802 field10813 = 2;
+  optional int32 field10814 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message10749 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message10748 field10754 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message8298 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8321 = 1;
+  optional int64 field8322 = 2;
+  optional string field8323 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message8300 {
+  optional string field8326 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8327 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message8291 {
+  optional string field8306 = 1;
+  optional int32 field8307 = 2;
+  optional string field8308 = 3;
+  optional string field8309 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum8292 field8310 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message8296 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8311 = 1;
+  optional string field8312 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message7966 field8313 = 3;
+  optional int32 field8314 = 4;
+  optional int32 field8315 = 5;
+  optional string field8316 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message7965 {
+  optional int32 field7967 = 1;
+  optional int32 field7968 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message8290 {
+  optional string field8304 = 1;
+  optional string field8305 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message717 {
+  repeated string field876 = 1;
+  optional double field877 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message713 {
+  required .benchmarks.google_message3.Message708 field852 = 1;
+  repeated string field853 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message705 {
+  required string field807 = 1;
+  optional string field808 = 2;
+  optional string field809 = 3;
+  optional bool field810 = 4;
+  optional string field811 = 5;
+  optional string field812 = 6;
+  repeated string field813 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message709 {
+  repeated string field829 = 1;
+  repeated string field830 = 2;
+  repeated string field831 = 3;
+  repeated string field832 = 4;
+  repeated string field833 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message702 {
+  optional string field793 = 1;
+  optional string field794 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message714 {
+  optional string field854 = 1;
+  optional string field855 = 2;
+  optional string field856 = 3;
+  optional string field857 = 4;
+  optional uint32 field858 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message710 {
+  repeated string field834 = 1;
+  optional string field835 = 2;
+  optional string field836 = 3;
+  repeated string field837 = 4;
+  repeated string field838 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message706 {
+  repeated string field814 = 1;
+  optional string field815 = 2;
+  repeated string field816 = 3;
+  repeated string field817 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message707 {
+  required string field818 = 1;
+  required string field819 = 2;
+  required string field820 = 3;
+  optional bool field821 = 4;
+  repeated string field822 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message711 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field839 = 1;
+  repeated string field840 = 4;
+  repeated string field841 = 2;
+  repeated string field842 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message712 {
+  repeated string field843 = 1;
+  required string field844 = 2;
+  optional string field845 = 3;
+  repeated string field846 = 4;
+  repeated string field847 = 5;
+  optional string field848 = 6;
+  repeated string field849 = 7;
+  optional string field850 = 8;
+  optional string field851 = 9;
+}
+
+message Message8939 {
+  optional string field9010 = 1;
+  optional string field9011 = 2;
+  optional string field9012 = 3;
+  repeated string field9013 = 4;
+  optional string field9014 = 5;
+  repeated group Message8940 = 11 {
+  }
+  optional int64 field9016 = 21;
+  optional int64 field9017 = 22;
+  optional int64 field9018 = 23;
+  optional group Message8941 = 31 {
+    optional string field9033 = 32;
+    optional string field9034 = 33;
+    optional string field9035 = 34;
+    optional string field9036 = 35;
+    optional string field9037 = 36;
+    optional string field9038 = 37;
+  }
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message8942 field9020 = 38;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field9021 = 39;
+  repeated string field9022 = 41;
+  optional string field9023 = 42;
+  optional string field9024 = 43;
+  optional string field9025 = 44;
+  optional string field9026 = 45;
+  optional string field9027 = 46;
+  optional string field9028 = 47;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field9029 = 48;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEnum field9030 = 49;
+  optional group Message8943 = 51 {
+    optional string field9039 = 1;
+    optional string field9040 = 2;
+    optional string field9041 = 3;
+    optional string field9042 = 4;
+    optional string field9043 = 5;
+    optional string field9044 = 6;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message9181 {
+  optional string field9204 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message9164 {
+  optional int32 field9168 = 1;
+  optional int32 field9169 = 2;
+  optional int32 field9170 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message9165 {
+  optional float field9171 = 1;
+  optional float field9172 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message9166 {
+  optional float field9173 = 1;
+  optional int32 field9174 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message9151 {
+  optional double field9152 = 1;
+  optional double field9153 = 2;
+  optional float field9154 = 3;
+  optional float field9155 = 4;
+  optional float field9156 = 5;
+  optional float field9157 = 6;
+  optional float field9158 = 7;
+  optional float field9159 = 8;
+}
+
+message Message8888 {
+  optional int32 field8908 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Enum8900 field8909 = 4;
+  repeated int32 field8910 = 2 [packed = true];
+  optional bytes field8911 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message9627 {
+  required int32 field9668 = 1;
+  required int32 field9669 = 2;
+  required int32 field9670 = 3;
+  required int32 field9671 = 4;
+  optional float field9672 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message11020 {
+}
+
+message Message11013 {
+  optional bytes field11757 = 19;
+  optional bytes field11758 = 1;
+  optional bytes field11759 = 2;
+  optional bytes field11760 = 3;
+  optional bytes field11761 = 4;
+  optional bytes field11762 = 5;
+  optional bytes field11763 = 6;
+  optional bytes field11764 = 7;
+  optional bytes field11765 = 8;
+  optional bytes field11766 = 9;
+  optional bytes field11767 = 10;
+  optional bytes field11768 = 11;
+  optional bytes field11769 = 12;
+  optional bytes field11770 = 13;
+  optional bytes field11771 = 14;
+  optional bytes field11772 = 15;
+  optional bytes field11773 = 16;
+  optional bytes field11774 = 17;
+  optional bytes field11775 = 18;
+  optional bytes field11776 = 20;
+  optional bytes field11777 = 21;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.UnusedEmptyMessage field11778 = 23;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message3.Message11011 field11779 = 22;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2497db5e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_7.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package benchmarks.google_message3;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+message Message11018 {
+}
+
+message Message10800 {
+  optional string field10808 = 1;
+  optional int64 field10809 = 2;
+  optional bool field10810 = 3;
+  optional float field10811 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message10802 {
+}
+
+message Message10748 {
+  optional string field10750 = 1;
+  optional int32 field10751 = 2;
+  optional int32 field10752 = 3;
+  optional int32 field10753 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message7966 {
+  optional string field7969 = 1;
+  optional bool field7970 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message708 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message3.Message741 field823 = 1;
+  repeated string field824 = 6;
+  optional string field825 = 2;
+  optional string field826 = 3;
+  repeated string field827 = 4;
+  repeated string field828 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message8942 {
+}
+
+message Message11011 {
+  required bytes field11752 = 1;
+  required bytes field11753 = 2;
+}
+
+message UnusedEmptyMessage {
+}
+
+message Message741 {
+  repeated string field936 = 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d2b14723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_8.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,1900 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package benchmarks.google_message3;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+enum Enum720 {
+  ENUM_VALUE721 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE722 = 2;
+}
+
+enum Enum3476 {
+  ENUM_VALUE3477 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE3478 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE3479 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE3480 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE3481 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE3482 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE3483 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE3484 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE3485 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE3486 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE3487 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE3488 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE3489 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE3490 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE3491 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE3492 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE3493 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE3494 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE3495 = 18;
+  ENUM_VALUE3496 = 19;
+  ENUM_VALUE3497 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE3498 = 21;
+  ENUM_VALUE3499 = 22;
+  ENUM_VALUE3500 = 23;
+  ENUM_VALUE3501 = 24;
+  ENUM_VALUE3502 = 25;
+  ENUM_VALUE3503 = 26;
+  ENUM_VALUE3504 = 27;
+  ENUM_VALUE3505 = 28;
+  ENUM_VALUE3506 = 29;
+  ENUM_VALUE3507 = 30;
+  ENUM_VALUE3508 = 31;
+  ENUM_VALUE3509 = 32;
+  ENUM_VALUE3510 = 33;
+  ENUM_VALUE3511 = 34;
+  ENUM_VALUE3512 = 35;
+  ENUM_VALUE3513 = 36;
+  ENUM_VALUE3514 = 37;
+  ENUM_VALUE3515 = 38;
+  ENUM_VALUE3516 = 39;
+  ENUM_VALUE3517 = 40;
+  ENUM_VALUE3518 = 41;
+  ENUM_VALUE3519 = 42;
+  ENUM_VALUE3520 = 43;
+  ENUM_VALUE3521 = 44;
+  ENUM_VALUE3522 = 45;
+  ENUM_VALUE3523 = 46;
+  ENUM_VALUE3524 = 47;
+  ENUM_VALUE3525 = 48;
+  ENUM_VALUE3526 = 49;
+  ENUM_VALUE3527 = 50;
+  ENUM_VALUE3528 = 51;
+  ENUM_VALUE3529 = 52;
+  ENUM_VALUE3530 = 53;
+  ENUM_VALUE3531 = 54;
+  ENUM_VALUE3532 = 55;
+  ENUM_VALUE3533 = 56;
+  ENUM_VALUE3534 = 57;
+  ENUM_VALUE3535 = 58;
+  ENUM_VALUE3536 = 59;
+  ENUM_VALUE3537 = 60;
+  ENUM_VALUE3538 = 61;
+  ENUM_VALUE3539 = 62;
+  ENUM_VALUE3540 = 63;
+  ENUM_VALUE3541 = 64;
+  ENUM_VALUE3542 = 65;
+  ENUM_VALUE3543 = 66;
+  ENUM_VALUE3544 = 67;
+  ENUM_VALUE3545 = 68;
+  ENUM_VALUE3546 = 69;
+  ENUM_VALUE3547 = 70;
+  ENUM_VALUE3548 = 71;
+  ENUM_VALUE3549 = 72;
+  ENUM_VALUE3550 = 73;
+  ENUM_VALUE3551 = 74;
+  ENUM_VALUE3552 = 75;
+  ENUM_VALUE3553 = 76;
+  ENUM_VALUE3554 = 77;
+  ENUM_VALUE3555 = 78;
+  ENUM_VALUE3556 = 79;
+  ENUM_VALUE3557 = 80;
+  ENUM_VALUE3558 = 81;
+  ENUM_VALUE3559 = 82;
+  ENUM_VALUE3560 = 83;
+  ENUM_VALUE3561 = 84;
+  ENUM_VALUE3562 = 85;
+  ENUM_VALUE3563 = 86;
+  ENUM_VALUE3564 = 87;
+  ENUM_VALUE3565 = 88;
+  ENUM_VALUE3566 = 89;
+  ENUM_VALUE3567 = 90;
+  ENUM_VALUE3568 = 91;
+  ENUM_VALUE3569 = 92;
+  ENUM_VALUE3570 = 93;
+  ENUM_VALUE3571 = 94;
+  ENUM_VALUE3572 = 95;
+  ENUM_VALUE3573 = 96;
+  ENUM_VALUE3574 = 97;
+  ENUM_VALUE3575 = 98;
+  ENUM_VALUE3576 = 99;
+  ENUM_VALUE3577 = 100;
+  ENUM_VALUE3578 = 101;
+  ENUM_VALUE3579 = 102;
+  ENUM_VALUE3580 = 103;
+  ENUM_VALUE3581 = 104;
+  ENUM_VALUE3582 = 105;
+  ENUM_VALUE3583 = 106;
+  ENUM_VALUE3584 = 107;
+  ENUM_VALUE3585 = 108;
+  ENUM_VALUE3586 = 109;
+  ENUM_VALUE3587 = 110;
+  ENUM_VALUE3588 = 111;
+  ENUM_VALUE3589 = 112;
+  ENUM_VALUE3590 = 113;
+  ENUM_VALUE3591 = 114;
+  ENUM_VALUE3592 = 115;
+  ENUM_VALUE3593 = 116;
+  ENUM_VALUE3594 = 117;
+  ENUM_VALUE3595 = 118;
+  ENUM_VALUE3596 = 119;
+  ENUM_VALUE3597 = 120;
+  ENUM_VALUE3598 = 121;
+  ENUM_VALUE3599 = 122;
+  ENUM_VALUE3600 = 123;
+  ENUM_VALUE3601 = 124;
+  ENUM_VALUE3602 = 125;
+  ENUM_VALUE3603 = 126;
+  ENUM_VALUE3604 = 127;
+  ENUM_VALUE3605 = 128;
+  ENUM_VALUE3606 = 129;
+  ENUM_VALUE3607 = 130;
+  ENUM_VALUE3608 = 131;
+  ENUM_VALUE3609 = 132;
+  ENUM_VALUE3610 = 133;
+  ENUM_VALUE3611 = 134;
+  ENUM_VALUE3612 = 135;
+  ENUM_VALUE3613 = 136;
+  ENUM_VALUE3614 = 137;
+  ENUM_VALUE3615 = 138;
+  ENUM_VALUE3616 = 139;
+  ENUM_VALUE3617 = 140;
+  ENUM_VALUE3618 = 141;
+  ENUM_VALUE3619 = 142;
+  ENUM_VALUE3620 = 143;
+  ENUM_VALUE3621 = 144;
+  ENUM_VALUE3622 = 145;
+  ENUM_VALUE3623 = 146;
+  ENUM_VALUE3624 = 147;
+  ENUM_VALUE3625 = 148;
+  ENUM_VALUE3626 = 149;
+  ENUM_VALUE3627 = 150;
+  ENUM_VALUE3628 = 151;
+  ENUM_VALUE3629 = 152;
+  ENUM_VALUE3630 = 153;
+  ENUM_VALUE3631 = 154;
+  ENUM_VALUE3632 = 155;
+  ENUM_VALUE3633 = 156;
+  ENUM_VALUE3634 = 157;
+  ENUM_VALUE3635 = 158;
+  ENUM_VALUE3636 = 159;
+  ENUM_VALUE3637 = 160;
+  ENUM_VALUE3638 = 161;
+  ENUM_VALUE3639 = 162;
+  ENUM_VALUE3640 = 163;
+  ENUM_VALUE3641 = 164;
+  ENUM_VALUE3642 = 165;
+  ENUM_VALUE3643 = 166;
+  ENUM_VALUE3644 = 167;
+  ENUM_VALUE3645 = 168;
+  ENUM_VALUE3646 = 169;
+  ENUM_VALUE3647 = 170;
+  ENUM_VALUE3648 = 171;
+  ENUM_VALUE3649 = 172;
+  ENUM_VALUE3650 = 173;
+  ENUM_VALUE3651 = 174;
+  ENUM_VALUE3652 = 175;
+  ENUM_VALUE3653 = 176;
+  ENUM_VALUE3654 = 177;
+  ENUM_VALUE3655 = 178;
+  ENUM_VALUE3656 = 179;
+  ENUM_VALUE3657 = 180;
+  ENUM_VALUE3658 = 181;
+  ENUM_VALUE3659 = 182;
+  ENUM_VALUE3660 = 183;
+}
+
+enum Enum3805 {
+  ENUM_VALUE3806 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE3807 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE3808 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE3809 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE3810 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE3811 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE3812 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE3813 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE3814 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE3815 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE3816 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE3817 = 10;
+}
+
+enum Enum3783 {
+  ENUM_VALUE3784 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE3785 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE3786 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE3787 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE3788 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE3789 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE3790 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE3791 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE3792 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE3793 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE3794 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE3795 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE3796 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE3797 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE3798 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE3799 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE3800 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE3801 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE3802 = 21;
+  ENUM_VALUE3803 = 50;
+}
+
+enum Enum3851 {
+  ENUM_VALUE3852 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE3853 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE3854 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE3855 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE3856 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE3857 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE3858 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE3859 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE3860 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE3861 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE3862 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE3863 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE3864 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE3865 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE3866 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE3867 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE3868 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE3869 = 17;
+}
+
+enum UnusedEnum {
+  UNUSED_ENUM_VALUE1 = 0;
+  UNUSED_ENUM_VALUE2 = 1;
+}
+
+enum Enum4146 {
+  ENUM_VALUE4147 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE4148 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE4149 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE4150 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE4151 = 4;
+}
+
+enum Enum4160 {
+  ENUM_VALUE4161 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE4162 = 1;
+}
+
+enum Enum4152 {
+  ENUM_VALUE4153 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE4154 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE4155 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE4156 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE4157 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE4158 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE4159 = 6;
+}
+
+enum Enum6025 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6026 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE6027 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE6028 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE6029 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE6030 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE6031 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE6032 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE6033 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE6034 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE6035 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE6036 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE6037 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE6038 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE6039 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE6040 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE6041 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE6042 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE6043 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE6044 = 18;
+  ENUM_VALUE6045 = 19;
+  ENUM_VALUE6046 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE6047 = 21;
+}
+
+enum Enum6065 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6066 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE6067 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE6068 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE6069 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE6070 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE6071 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE6072 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE6073 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE6074 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE6075 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE6076 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE6077 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE6078 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE6079 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE6080 = 14;
+}
+
+enum Enum6579 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6580 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE6581 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE6582 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE6583 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE6584 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE6585 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE6586 = 25;
+  ENUM_VALUE6587 = 30;
+}
+
+enum Enum6588 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6589 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE6590 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE6591 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE6592 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE6593 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE6594 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE6595 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE6596 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE6597 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE6598 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE6599 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE6600 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE6601 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE6602 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE6603 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE6604 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE6605 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE6606 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE6607 = 19;
+  ENUM_VALUE6608 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE6609 = 21;
+  ENUM_VALUE6610 = 22;
+  ENUM_VALUE6611 = 23;
+  ENUM_VALUE6612 = 24;
+  ENUM_VALUE6613 = 25;
+  ENUM_VALUE6614 = 26;
+  ENUM_VALUE6615 = 27;
+  ENUM_VALUE6616 = 28;
+  ENUM_VALUE6617 = 29;
+  ENUM_VALUE6618 = 30;
+  ENUM_VALUE6619 = 31;
+  ENUM_VALUE6620 = 32;
+  ENUM_VALUE6621 = 33;
+  ENUM_VALUE6622 = 34;
+}
+
+enum Enum6769 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6770 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE6771 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE6772 = 2;
+}
+
+enum Enum6774 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6775 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE6776 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE6777 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE6778 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE6779 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE6780 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE6781 = 6;
+}
+
+enum Enum6782 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6783 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE6784 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE6785 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE6786 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE6787 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE6788 = 5;
+}
+
+enum Enum6858 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6859 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE6860 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE6861 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE6862 = 4;
+}
+
+enum Enum6815 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6816 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE6817 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE6818 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE6819 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE6820 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE6821 = 5;
+}
+
+enum Enum6822 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6823 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE6824 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE6825 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE6826 = 3;
+}
+
+enum Enum7654 {
+  ENUM_VALUE7655 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE7656 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE7657 = 3;
+}
+
+enum Enum8292 {
+  ENUM_VALUE8293 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE8294 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE8295 = 2;
+}
+
+enum Enum8450 {
+  ENUM_VALUE8451 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE8452 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE8453 = 2;
+}
+
+enum Enum8900 {
+  ENUM_VALUE8901 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE8902 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE8903 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE8904 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE8905 = 4;
+}
+
+enum Enum8945 {
+  ENUM_VALUE8946 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE8947 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE8948 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE8949 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE8950 = 4;
+}
+
+enum Enum8951 {
+  ENUM_VALUE8952 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE8953 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE8954 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE8955 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE8956 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE8957 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE8958 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE8959 = 8;
+}
+
+enum Enum9243 {
+  ENUM_VALUE9244 = -1;
+  ENUM_VALUE9245 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE9246 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE9247 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE9248 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE9249 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE9250 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE9251 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE9252 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE9253 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE9254 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE9255 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE9256 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE9257 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE9258 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE9259 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE9260 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE9261 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE9262 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE9263 = 71;
+  ENUM_VALUE9264 = 72;
+  ENUM_VALUE9265 = 73;
+  ENUM_VALUE9266 = 74;
+  ENUM_VALUE9267 = 18;
+  ENUM_VALUE9268 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE9269 = 21;
+  ENUM_VALUE9270 = 22;
+  ENUM_VALUE9271 = 23;
+  ENUM_VALUE9272 = 61;
+  ENUM_VALUE9273 = 62;
+  ENUM_VALUE9274 = 63;
+  ENUM_VALUE9275 = 64;
+  ENUM_VALUE9276 = 66;
+  ENUM_VALUE9277 = 67;
+  ENUM_VALUE9278 = 24;
+  ENUM_VALUE9279 = 25;
+  ENUM_VALUE9280 = 26;
+  ENUM_VALUE9281 = 27;
+  ENUM_VALUE9282 = 28;
+  ENUM_VALUE9283 = 29;
+  ENUM_VALUE9284 = 30;
+  ENUM_VALUE9285 = 31;
+  ENUM_VALUE9286 = 32;
+  ENUM_VALUE9287 = 33;
+  ENUM_VALUE9288 = 34;
+  ENUM_VALUE9289 = 35;
+  ENUM_VALUE9290 = 36;
+  ENUM_VALUE9291 = 37;
+  ENUM_VALUE9292 = 38;
+  ENUM_VALUE9293 = 39;
+  ENUM_VALUE9294 = 40;
+  ENUM_VALUE9295 = 41;
+  ENUM_VALUE9296 = 42;
+  ENUM_VALUE9297 = 43;
+  ENUM_VALUE9298 = 44;
+  ENUM_VALUE9299 = 45;
+  ENUM_VALUE9300 = 46;
+  ENUM_VALUE9301 = 47;
+  ENUM_VALUE9302 = 48;
+  ENUM_VALUE9303 = 49;
+  ENUM_VALUE9304 = 50;
+  ENUM_VALUE9305 = 51;
+  ENUM_VALUE9306 = 52;
+  ENUM_VALUE9307 = 53;
+  ENUM_VALUE9308 = 54;
+  ENUM_VALUE9309 = 55;
+  ENUM_VALUE9310 = 56;
+  ENUM_VALUE9311 = 57;
+  ENUM_VALUE9312 = 58;
+  ENUM_VALUE9313 = 59;
+  ENUM_VALUE9314 = 60;
+  ENUM_VALUE9315 = 68;
+  ENUM_VALUE9316 = 69;
+  ENUM_VALUE9317 = 70;
+  ENUM_VALUE9318 = 1000;
+  ENUM_VALUE9319 = 1001;
+  ENUM_VALUE9320 = 1002;
+  ENUM_VALUE9321 = 1003;
+  ENUM_VALUE9322 = 1004;
+  ENUM_VALUE9323 = 1005;
+  ENUM_VALUE9324 = 1006;
+  ENUM_VALUE9325 = 1007;
+  ENUM_VALUE9326 = 65;
+}
+
+enum Enum10157 {
+  ENUM_VALUE10158 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE10159 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE10160 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE10161 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE10162 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE10163 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE10164 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE10165 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE10166 = 8;
+}
+
+enum Enum10167 {
+  ENUM_VALUE10168 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE10169 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE10170 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE10171 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE10172 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE10173 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE10174 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE10175 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE10176 = 8;
+}
+
+enum Enum8862 {
+  ENUM_VALUE8863 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE8864 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE8865 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE8866 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE8867 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE8868 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE8869 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE8870 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE8871 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE8872 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE8873 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE8874 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE8875 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE8876 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE8877 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE8878 = 15;
+}
+
+enum Enum10325 {
+  ENUM_VALUE10326 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE10327 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE10328 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE10329 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE10330 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE10331 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE10332 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE10333 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE10334 = 8;
+}
+
+enum Enum10335 {
+  ENUM_VALUE10336 = 0;
+}
+
+enum Enum10337 {
+  ENUM_VALUE10338 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE10339 = 1;
+}
+
+enum Enum10392 {
+  ENUM_VALUE10393 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE10394 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE10395 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE10396 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE10397 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE10398 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE10399 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE10400 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE10401 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE10402 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE10403 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE10404 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE10405 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE10406 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE10407 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE10408 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE10409 = 101;
+  ENUM_VALUE10410 = 102;
+}
+
+enum Enum11107 {
+  ENUM_VALUE11108 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE11109 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE11110 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE11111 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE11112 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE11113 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE11114 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE11115 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE11116 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE11117 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE11118 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE11119 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE11120 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE11121 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE11122 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE11123 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE11124 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE11125 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE11126 = 18;
+  ENUM_VALUE11127 = 19;
+  ENUM_VALUE11128 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE11129 = 21;
+  ENUM_VALUE11130 = 22;
+  ENUM_VALUE11131 = 23;
+  ENUM_VALUE11132 = 24;
+  ENUM_VALUE11133 = 25;
+  ENUM_VALUE11134 = 26;
+  ENUM_VALUE11135 = 27;
+  ENUM_VALUE11136 = 28;
+  ENUM_VALUE11137 = 29;
+  ENUM_VALUE11138 = 30;
+  ENUM_VALUE11139 = 31;
+  ENUM_VALUE11140 = 32;
+  ENUM_VALUE11141 = 33;
+  ENUM_VALUE11142 = 34;
+  ENUM_VALUE11143 = 35;
+  ENUM_VALUE11144 = 36;
+  ENUM_VALUE11145 = 37;
+  ENUM_VALUE11146 = 38;
+  ENUM_VALUE11147 = 39;
+  ENUM_VALUE11148 = 40;
+  ENUM_VALUE11149 = 41;
+  ENUM_VALUE11150 = 42;
+  ENUM_VALUE11151 = 43;
+  ENUM_VALUE11152 = 44;
+  ENUM_VALUE11153 = 45;
+  ENUM_VALUE11154 = 46;
+  ENUM_VALUE11155 = 47;
+  ENUM_VALUE11156 = 48;
+  ENUM_VALUE11157 = 49;
+  ENUM_VALUE11158 = 50;
+  ENUM_VALUE11159 = 51;
+  ENUM_VALUE11160 = 52;
+  ENUM_VALUE11161 = 53;
+  ENUM_VALUE11162 = 54;
+  ENUM_VALUE11163 = 55;
+  ENUM_VALUE11164 = 56;
+  ENUM_VALUE11165 = 57;
+  ENUM_VALUE11166 = 58;
+  ENUM_VALUE11167 = 59;
+  ENUM_VALUE11168 = 60;
+  ENUM_VALUE11169 = 61;
+  ENUM_VALUE11170 = 62;
+  ENUM_VALUE11171 = 63;
+  ENUM_VALUE11172 = 64;
+  ENUM_VALUE11173 = 65;
+  ENUM_VALUE11174 = 66;
+  ENUM_VALUE11175 = 67;
+  ENUM_VALUE11176 = 68;
+  ENUM_VALUE11177 = 69;
+  ENUM_VALUE11178 = 70;
+  ENUM_VALUE11179 = 71;
+  ENUM_VALUE11180 = 72;
+  ENUM_VALUE11181 = 73;
+  ENUM_VALUE11182 = 74;
+  ENUM_VALUE11183 = 75;
+  ENUM_VALUE11184 = 76;
+  ENUM_VALUE11185 = 77;
+  ENUM_VALUE11186 = 78;
+  ENUM_VALUE11187 = 79;
+  ENUM_VALUE11188 = 80;
+  ENUM_VALUE11189 = 81;
+  ENUM_VALUE11190 = 82;
+  ENUM_VALUE11191 = 83;
+  ENUM_VALUE11192 = 84;
+  ENUM_VALUE11193 = 85;
+  ENUM_VALUE11194 = 86;
+  ENUM_VALUE11195 = 87;
+  ENUM_VALUE11196 = 88;
+  ENUM_VALUE11197 = 89;
+  ENUM_VALUE11198 = 90;
+  ENUM_VALUE11199 = 91;
+  ENUM_VALUE11200 = 92;
+  ENUM_VALUE11201 = 93;
+  ENUM_VALUE11202 = 94;
+  ENUM_VALUE11203 = 95;
+  ENUM_VALUE11204 = 96;
+  ENUM_VALUE11205 = 97;
+  ENUM_VALUE11206 = 98;
+  ENUM_VALUE11207 = 99;
+  ENUM_VALUE11208 = 100;
+  ENUM_VALUE11209 = 101;
+  ENUM_VALUE11210 = 102;
+  ENUM_VALUE11211 = 103;
+  ENUM_VALUE11212 = 104;
+  ENUM_VALUE11213 = 105;
+  ENUM_VALUE11214 = 106;
+  ENUM_VALUE11215 = 107;
+  ENUM_VALUE11216 = 108;
+  ENUM_VALUE11217 = 109;
+  ENUM_VALUE11218 = 110;
+  ENUM_VALUE11219 = 111;
+  ENUM_VALUE11220 = 112;
+  ENUM_VALUE11221 = 113;
+  ENUM_VALUE11222 = 114;
+  ENUM_VALUE11223 = 115;
+  ENUM_VALUE11224 = 116;
+  ENUM_VALUE11225 = 117;
+  ENUM_VALUE11226 = 118;
+  ENUM_VALUE11227 = 119;
+  ENUM_VALUE11228 = 120;
+  ENUM_VALUE11229 = 121;
+  ENUM_VALUE11230 = 122;
+  ENUM_VALUE11231 = 123;
+  ENUM_VALUE11232 = 124;
+  ENUM_VALUE11233 = 125;
+  ENUM_VALUE11234 = 126;
+  ENUM_VALUE11235 = 127;
+  ENUM_VALUE11236 = 128;
+  ENUM_VALUE11237 = 129;
+  ENUM_VALUE11238 = 130;
+  ENUM_VALUE11239 = 131;
+  ENUM_VALUE11240 = 132;
+  ENUM_VALUE11241 = 133;
+  ENUM_VALUE11242 = 134;
+  ENUM_VALUE11243 = 135;
+  ENUM_VALUE11244 = 136;
+  ENUM_VALUE11245 = 137;
+  ENUM_VALUE11246 = 138;
+  ENUM_VALUE11247 = 139;
+  ENUM_VALUE11248 = 140;
+  ENUM_VALUE11249 = 141;
+  ENUM_VALUE11250 = 142;
+  ENUM_VALUE11251 = 143;
+  ENUM_VALUE11252 = 144;
+  ENUM_VALUE11253 = 145;
+  ENUM_VALUE11254 = 146;
+  ENUM_VALUE11255 = 147;
+  ENUM_VALUE11256 = 148;
+  ENUM_VALUE11257 = 149;
+  ENUM_VALUE11258 = 150;
+  ENUM_VALUE11259 = 151;
+  ENUM_VALUE11260 = 152;
+  ENUM_VALUE11261 = 153;
+  ENUM_VALUE11262 = 154;
+  ENUM_VALUE11263 = 155;
+  ENUM_VALUE11264 = 156;
+  ENUM_VALUE11265 = 157;
+  ENUM_VALUE11266 = 158;
+  ENUM_VALUE11267 = 159;
+  ENUM_VALUE11268 = 160;
+  ENUM_VALUE11269 = 161;
+  ENUM_VALUE11270 = 163;
+  ENUM_VALUE11271 = 164;
+  ENUM_VALUE11272 = 165;
+  ENUM_VALUE11273 = 166;
+  ENUM_VALUE11274 = 167;
+  ENUM_VALUE11275 = 168;
+  ENUM_VALUE11276 = 169;
+  ENUM_VALUE11277 = 170;
+  ENUM_VALUE11278 = 171;
+  ENUM_VALUE11279 = 172;
+  ENUM_VALUE11280 = 173;
+  ENUM_VALUE11281 = 174;
+  ENUM_VALUE11282 = 175;
+  ENUM_VALUE11283 = 176;
+  ENUM_VALUE11284 = 177;
+  ENUM_VALUE11285 = 178;
+  ENUM_VALUE11286 = 179;
+  ENUM_VALUE11287 = 180;
+  ENUM_VALUE11288 = 181;
+  ENUM_VALUE11289 = 182;
+  ENUM_VALUE11290 = 183;
+  ENUM_VALUE11291 = 184;
+  ENUM_VALUE11292 = 185;
+  ENUM_VALUE11293 = 187;
+  ENUM_VALUE11294 = 188;
+  ENUM_VALUE11295 = 189;
+  ENUM_VALUE11296 = 190;
+  ENUM_VALUE11297 = 191;
+  ENUM_VALUE11298 = 192;
+  ENUM_VALUE11299 = 193;
+  ENUM_VALUE11300 = 194;
+  ENUM_VALUE11301 = 195;
+  ENUM_VALUE11302 = 196;
+  ENUM_VALUE11303 = 197;
+  ENUM_VALUE11304 = 198;
+  ENUM_VALUE11305 = 65535;
+  ENUM_VALUE11306 = 65536;
+  ENUM_VALUE11307 = 65537;
+  ENUM_VALUE11308 = 65538;
+  ENUM_VALUE11309 = 65539;
+  ENUM_VALUE11310 = 65540;
+  ENUM_VALUE11311 = 65541;
+  ENUM_VALUE11312 = 65542;
+  ENUM_VALUE11313 = 65543;
+  ENUM_VALUE11314 = 65544;
+  ENUM_VALUE11315 = 65545;
+  ENUM_VALUE11316 = 65546;
+  ENUM_VALUE11317 = 65547;
+  ENUM_VALUE11318 = 65548;
+  ENUM_VALUE11319 = 65549;
+  ENUM_VALUE11320 = 65550;
+  ENUM_VALUE11321 = 65551;
+  ENUM_VALUE11322 = 65552;
+  ENUM_VALUE11323 = 65553;
+  ENUM_VALUE11324 = 65554;
+  ENUM_VALUE11325 = 65555;
+  ENUM_VALUE11326 = 65556;
+  ENUM_VALUE11327 = 65557;
+  ENUM_VALUE11328 = 65558;
+  ENUM_VALUE11329 = 65559;
+  ENUM_VALUE11330 = 65560;
+  ENUM_VALUE11331 = 65561;
+  ENUM_VALUE11332 = 65562;
+  ENUM_VALUE11333 = 65563;
+  ENUM_VALUE11334 = 69632;
+  ENUM_VALUE11335 = 69633;
+  ENUM_VALUE11336 = 69634;
+  ENUM_VALUE11337 = 69635;
+  ENUM_VALUE11338 = 69636;
+  ENUM_VALUE11339 = 69637;
+  ENUM_VALUE11340 = 69638;
+  ENUM_VALUE11341 = 69639;
+  ENUM_VALUE11342 = 69640;
+  ENUM_VALUE11343 = 69641;
+  ENUM_VALUE11344 = 69642;
+  ENUM_VALUE11345 = 69643;
+  ENUM_VALUE11346 = 69644;
+  ENUM_VALUE11347 = 69645;
+  ENUM_VALUE11348 = 69646;
+  ENUM_VALUE11349 = 69647;
+  ENUM_VALUE11350 = 69648;
+  ENUM_VALUE11351 = 69649;
+  ENUM_VALUE11352 = 69650;
+  ENUM_VALUE11353 = 69651;
+  ENUM_VALUE11354 = 69652;
+  ENUM_VALUE11355 = 69653;
+  ENUM_VALUE11356 = 69654;
+  ENUM_VALUE11357 = 69655;
+  ENUM_VALUE11358 = 69656;
+  ENUM_VALUE11359 = 69657;
+  ENUM_VALUE11360 = 69658;
+  ENUM_VALUE11361 = 69659;
+  ENUM_VALUE11362 = 69660;
+  ENUM_VALUE11363 = 69661;
+  ENUM_VALUE11364 = 69662;
+  ENUM_VALUE11365 = 73728;
+  ENUM_VALUE11366 = 73729;
+  ENUM_VALUE11367 = 77824;
+  ENUM_VALUE11368 = 77825;
+  ENUM_VALUE11369 = 81920;
+  ENUM_VALUE11370 = 81921;
+  ENUM_VALUE11371 = 81922;
+  ENUM_VALUE11372 = 81923;
+  ENUM_VALUE11373 = 86016;
+  ENUM_VALUE11374 = 86017;
+  ENUM_VALUE11375 = 86018;
+  ENUM_VALUE11376 = 86019;
+  ENUM_VALUE11377 = 86020;
+  ENUM_VALUE11378 = 86021;
+  ENUM_VALUE11379 = 86022;
+  ENUM_VALUE11380 = 86023;
+  ENUM_VALUE11381 = 86024;
+  ENUM_VALUE11382 = 86025;
+  ENUM_VALUE11383 = 86026;
+  ENUM_VALUE11384 = 86027;
+  ENUM_VALUE11385 = 86028;
+  ENUM_VALUE11386 = 86029;
+  ENUM_VALUE11387 = 86030;
+  ENUM_VALUE11388 = 86031;
+  ENUM_VALUE11389 = 86032;
+  ENUM_VALUE11390 = 86033;
+  ENUM_VALUE11391 = 86034;
+  ENUM_VALUE11392 = 86035;
+  ENUM_VALUE11393 = 86036;
+  ENUM_VALUE11394 = 86037;
+  ENUM_VALUE11395 = 86038;
+  ENUM_VALUE11396 = 86039;
+  ENUM_VALUE11397 = 86040;
+  ENUM_VALUE11398 = 86041;
+  ENUM_VALUE11399 = 86042;
+  ENUM_VALUE11400 = 86043;
+  ENUM_VALUE11401 = 86044;
+  ENUM_VALUE11402 = 86045;
+  ENUM_VALUE11403 = 86046;
+  ENUM_VALUE11404 = 86047;
+  ENUM_VALUE11405 = 86048;
+  ENUM_VALUE11406 = 86049;
+  ENUM_VALUE11407 = 86050;
+  ENUM_VALUE11408 = 86051;
+  ENUM_VALUE11409 = 86052;
+  ENUM_VALUE11410 = 86053;
+  ENUM_VALUE11411 = 86054;
+  ENUM_VALUE11412 = 86055;
+  ENUM_VALUE11413 = 86056;
+  ENUM_VALUE11414 = 86057;
+  ENUM_VALUE11415 = 86058;
+  ENUM_VALUE11416 = 86059;
+  ENUM_VALUE11417 = 86060;
+  ENUM_VALUE11418 = 86061;
+  ENUM_VALUE11419 = 86062;
+  ENUM_VALUE11420 = 86063;
+  ENUM_VALUE11421 = 86064;
+  ENUM_VALUE11422 = 86065;
+  ENUM_VALUE11423 = 86066;
+  ENUM_VALUE11424 = 86067;
+  ENUM_VALUE11425 = 86068;
+  ENUM_VALUE11426 = 86069;
+  ENUM_VALUE11427 = 86070;
+  ENUM_VALUE11428 = 86071;
+  ENUM_VALUE11429 = 86072;
+  ENUM_VALUE11430 = 86073;
+  ENUM_VALUE11431 = 86074;
+  ENUM_VALUE11432 = 86077;
+  ENUM_VALUE11433 = 86078;
+  ENUM_VALUE11434 = 86079;
+  ENUM_VALUE11435 = 86080;
+  ENUM_VALUE11436 = 86081;
+  ENUM_VALUE11437 = 86082;
+  ENUM_VALUE11438 = 86083;
+  ENUM_VALUE11439 = 86084;
+  ENUM_VALUE11440 = 90112;
+  ENUM_VALUE11441 = 94208;
+  ENUM_VALUE11442 = 94209;
+  ENUM_VALUE11443 = 94210;
+  ENUM_VALUE11444 = 94211;
+  ENUM_VALUE11445 = 94212;
+  ENUM_VALUE11446 = 94213;
+  ENUM_VALUE11447 = 94214;
+  ENUM_VALUE11448 = 94215;
+  ENUM_VALUE11449 = 94216;
+  ENUM_VALUE11450 = 94217;
+  ENUM_VALUE11451 = 94218;
+  ENUM_VALUE11452 = 94219;
+  ENUM_VALUE11453 = 94220;
+  ENUM_VALUE11454 = 94221;
+  ENUM_VALUE11455 = 94222;
+  ENUM_VALUE11456 = 94223;
+  ENUM_VALUE11457 = 94224;
+  ENUM_VALUE11458 = 98304;
+  ENUM_VALUE11459 = 98305;
+  ENUM_VALUE11460 = 98306;
+  ENUM_VALUE11461 = 98307;
+  ENUM_VALUE11462 = 98308;
+  ENUM_VALUE11463 = 102400;
+  ENUM_VALUE11464 = 131072;
+  ENUM_VALUE11465 = 131073;
+  ENUM_VALUE11466 = 135168;
+  ENUM_VALUE11467 = 9439507;
+}
+
+enum Enum11541 {
+  ENUM_VALUE11542 = -1;
+  ENUM_VALUE11543 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE11544 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE11545 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE11546 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE11547 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE11548 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE11549 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE11550 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE11551 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE11552 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE11553 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE11554 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE11555 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE11556 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE11557 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE11558 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE11559 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE11560 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE11561 = 18;
+  ENUM_VALUE11562 = 19;
+  ENUM_VALUE11563 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE11564 = 21;
+  ENUM_VALUE11565 = 22;
+  ENUM_VALUE11566 = 23;
+  ENUM_VALUE11567 = 24;
+  ENUM_VALUE11568 = 25;
+  ENUM_VALUE11569 = 26;
+  ENUM_VALUE11570 = 27;
+  ENUM_VALUE11571 = 28;
+  ENUM_VALUE11572 = 29;
+  ENUM_VALUE11573 = 30;
+  ENUM_VALUE11574 = 31;
+  ENUM_VALUE11575 = 32;
+  ENUM_VALUE11576 = 33;
+  ENUM_VALUE11577 = 34;
+  ENUM_VALUE11578 = 35;
+  ENUM_VALUE11579 = 36;
+  ENUM_VALUE11580 = 37;
+  ENUM_VALUE11581 = 38;
+  ENUM_VALUE11582 = 39;
+  ENUM_VALUE11583 = 40;
+  ENUM_VALUE11584 = 41;
+  ENUM_VALUE11585 = 42;
+  ENUM_VALUE11586 = 43;
+  ENUM_VALUE11587 = 44;
+  ENUM_VALUE11588 = 45;
+  ENUM_VALUE11589 = 46;
+  ENUM_VALUE11590 = 47;
+  ENUM_VALUE11591 = 48;
+  ENUM_VALUE11592 = 49;
+  ENUM_VALUE11593 = 50;
+  ENUM_VALUE11594 = 51;
+  ENUM_VALUE11595 = 52;
+  ENUM_VALUE11596 = 53;
+  ENUM_VALUE11597 = 54;
+  ENUM_VALUE11598 = 55;
+  ENUM_VALUE11599 = 56;
+  ENUM_VALUE11600 = 57;
+  ENUM_VALUE11601 = 58;
+  ENUM_VALUE11602 = 59;
+  ENUM_VALUE11603 = 60;
+  ENUM_VALUE11604 = 61;
+  ENUM_VALUE11605 = 62;
+  ENUM_VALUE11606 = 63;
+  ENUM_VALUE11607 = 64;
+  ENUM_VALUE11608 = 65;
+  ENUM_VALUE11609 = 66;
+  ENUM_VALUE11610 = 67;
+  ENUM_VALUE11611 = 68;
+  ENUM_VALUE11612 = 69;
+  ENUM_VALUE11613 = 70;
+  ENUM_VALUE11614 = 71;
+  ENUM_VALUE11615 = 72;
+  ENUM_VALUE11616 = 73;
+  ENUM_VALUE11617 = 74;
+  ENUM_VALUE11618 = 75;
+  ENUM_VALUE11619 = 76;
+  ENUM_VALUE11620 = 77;
+  ENUM_VALUE11621 = 78;
+  ENUM_VALUE11622 = 79;
+  ENUM_VALUE11623 = 80;
+  ENUM_VALUE11624 = 81;
+  ENUM_VALUE11625 = 82;
+  ENUM_VALUE11626 = 83;
+  ENUM_VALUE11627 = 84;
+  ENUM_VALUE11628 = 85;
+  ENUM_VALUE11629 = 86;
+  ENUM_VALUE11630 = 87;
+  ENUM_VALUE11631 = 88;
+  ENUM_VALUE11632 = 89;
+  ENUM_VALUE11633 = 90;
+  ENUM_VALUE11634 = 91;
+  ENUM_VALUE11635 = 92;
+  ENUM_VALUE11636 = 93;
+  ENUM_VALUE11637 = 94;
+  ENUM_VALUE11638 = 95;
+  ENUM_VALUE11639 = 96;
+  ENUM_VALUE11640 = 97;
+  ENUM_VALUE11641 = 98;
+  ENUM_VALUE11642 = 99;
+  ENUM_VALUE11643 = 100;
+  ENUM_VALUE11644 = 101;
+  ENUM_VALUE11645 = 102;
+  ENUM_VALUE11646 = 103;
+  ENUM_VALUE11647 = 104;
+  ENUM_VALUE11648 = 105;
+  ENUM_VALUE11649 = 106;
+  ENUM_VALUE11650 = 107;
+  ENUM_VALUE11651 = 108;
+  ENUM_VALUE11652 = 109;
+  ENUM_VALUE11653 = 110;
+  ENUM_VALUE11654 = 111;
+  ENUM_VALUE11655 = 112;
+  ENUM_VALUE11656 = 113;
+  ENUM_VALUE11657 = 114;
+  ENUM_VALUE11658 = 115;
+  ENUM_VALUE11659 = 116;
+  ENUM_VALUE11660 = 117;
+  ENUM_VALUE11661 = 118;
+  ENUM_VALUE11662 = 119;
+  ENUM_VALUE11663 = 120;
+  ENUM_VALUE11664 = 121;
+  ENUM_VALUE11665 = 122;
+  ENUM_VALUE11666 = 123;
+  ENUM_VALUE11667 = 124;
+  ENUM_VALUE11668 = 125;
+  ENUM_VALUE11669 = 126;
+  ENUM_VALUE11670 = 127;
+  ENUM_VALUE11671 = 128;
+  ENUM_VALUE11672 = 129;
+  ENUM_VALUE11673 = 130;
+  ENUM_VALUE11674 = 131;
+  ENUM_VALUE11675 = 132;
+  ENUM_VALUE11676 = 133;
+  ENUM_VALUE11677 = 134;
+  ENUM_VALUE11678 = 135;
+  ENUM_VALUE11679 = 136;
+  ENUM_VALUE11680 = 137;
+  ENUM_VALUE11681 = 138;
+  ENUM_VALUE11682 = 139;
+  ENUM_VALUE11683 = 140;
+  ENUM_VALUE11684 = 141;
+  ENUM_VALUE11685 = 142;
+  ENUM_VALUE11686 = 143;
+  ENUM_VALUE11687 = 144;
+  ENUM_VALUE11688 = 145;
+  ENUM_VALUE11689 = 146;
+  ENUM_VALUE11690 = 147;
+  ENUM_VALUE11691 = 148;
+  ENUM_VALUE11692 = 149;
+  ENUM_VALUE11693 = 150;
+  ENUM_VALUE11694 = 151;
+  ENUM_VALUE11695 = 152;
+  ENUM_VALUE11696 = 153;
+  ENUM_VALUE11697 = 154;
+  ENUM_VALUE11698 = 155;
+  ENUM_VALUE11699 = 156;
+  ENUM_VALUE11700 = 157;
+  ENUM_VALUE11701 = 158;
+  ENUM_VALUE11702 = 159;
+  ENUM_VALUE11703 = 160;
+  ENUM_VALUE11704 = 161;
+  ENUM_VALUE11705 = 162;
+  ENUM_VALUE11706 = 163;
+  ENUM_VALUE11707 = 164;
+  ENUM_VALUE11708 = 165;
+  ENUM_VALUE11709 = 166;
+  ENUM_VALUE11710 = 167;
+  ENUM_VALUE11711 = 168;
+  ENUM_VALUE11712 = 169;
+  ENUM_VALUE11713 = 170;
+  ENUM_VALUE11714 = 171;
+  ENUM_VALUE11715 = 172;
+  ENUM_VALUE11716 = 173;
+  ENUM_VALUE11717 = 174;
+  ENUM_VALUE11718 = 175;
+  ENUM_VALUE11719 = 176;
+  ENUM_VALUE11720 = 177;
+  ENUM_VALUE11721 = 178;
+  ENUM_VALUE11722 = 179;
+  ENUM_VALUE11723 = 180;
+  ENUM_VALUE11724 = 181;
+  ENUM_VALUE11725 = 182;
+  ENUM_VALUE11726 = 183;
+  ENUM_VALUE11727 = 184;
+  ENUM_VALUE11728 = 185;
+  ENUM_VALUE11729 = 186;
+  ENUM_VALUE11730 = 187;
+  ENUM_VALUE11731 = 188;
+  ENUM_VALUE11732 = 16777215;
+}
+
+enum Enum11468 {
+  ENUM_VALUE11469 = -99;
+  ENUM_VALUE11470 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE11471 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE11472 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE11473 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE11474 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE11475 = 28;
+  ENUM_VALUE11476 = 22;
+  ENUM_VALUE11477 = 38;
+  ENUM_VALUE11478 = 512;
+  ENUM_VALUE11479 = 2048;
+  ENUM_VALUE11480 = 66;
+  ENUM_VALUE11481 = 578;
+  ENUM_VALUE11482 = 77;
+  ENUM_VALUE11483 = 88;
+  ENUM_VALUE11484 = 100;
+  ENUM_VALUE11485 = 110;
+  ENUM_VALUE11486 = 2158;
+  ENUM_VALUE11487 = 122;
+  ENUM_VALUE11488 = 2170;
+  ENUM_VALUE11489 = 144;
+  ENUM_VALUE11490 = 244;
+  ENUM_VALUE11491 = 2292;
+  ENUM_VALUE11492 = 44;
+}
+
+enum Enum11022 {
+  ENUM_VALUE11023 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE11024 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE11025 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE11026 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE11027 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE11028 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE11029 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE11030 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE11031 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE11032 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE11033 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE11034 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE11035 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE11036 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE11037 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE11038 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE11039 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE11040 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE11041 = 18;
+  ENUM_VALUE11042 = 19;
+  ENUM_VALUE11043 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE11044 = 21;
+  ENUM_VALUE11045 = 22;
+  ENUM_VALUE11046 = 23;
+  ENUM_VALUE11047 = 24;
+  ENUM_VALUE11048 = 25;
+  ENUM_VALUE11049 = 26;
+  ENUM_VALUE11050 = 27;
+  ENUM_VALUE11051 = 28;
+  ENUM_VALUE11052 = 29;
+  ENUM_VALUE11053 = 30;
+  ENUM_VALUE11054 = 31;
+  ENUM_VALUE11055 = 32;
+  ENUM_VALUE11056 = 33;
+  ENUM_VALUE11057 = 34;
+  ENUM_VALUE11058 = 35;
+  ENUM_VALUE11059 = 36;
+  ENUM_VALUE11060 = 37;
+  ENUM_VALUE11061 = 38;
+  ENUM_VALUE11062 = 39;
+  ENUM_VALUE11063 = 40;
+  ENUM_VALUE11064 = 41;
+  ENUM_VALUE11065 = 42;
+  ENUM_VALUE11066 = 43;
+  ENUM_VALUE11067 = 44;
+  ENUM_VALUE11068 = 45;
+  ENUM_VALUE11069 = 46;
+  ENUM_VALUE11070 = 47;
+  ENUM_VALUE11071 = 48;
+  ENUM_VALUE11072 = 49;
+  ENUM_VALUE11073 = 50;
+  ENUM_VALUE11074 = 51;
+  ENUM_VALUE11075 = 52;
+  ENUM_VALUE11076 = 53;
+  ENUM_VALUE11077 = 54;
+  ENUM_VALUE11078 = 55;
+  ENUM_VALUE11079 = 56;
+  ENUM_VALUE11080 = 57;
+  ENUM_VALUE11081 = 58;
+  ENUM_VALUE11082 = 59;
+  ENUM_VALUE11083 = 60;
+  ENUM_VALUE11084 = 61;
+  ENUM_VALUE11085 = 62;
+  ENUM_VALUE11086 = 63;
+  ENUM_VALUE11087 = 64;
+  ENUM_VALUE11088 = 65;
+  ENUM_VALUE11089 = 66;
+  ENUM_VALUE11090 = 67;
+  ENUM_VALUE11091 = 68;
+  ENUM_VALUE11092 = 69;
+  ENUM_VALUE11093 = 70;
+  ENUM_VALUE11094 = 71;
+  ENUM_VALUE11095 = 72;
+  ENUM_VALUE11096 = 73;
+  ENUM_VALUE11097 = 74;
+  ENUM_VALUE11098 = 75;
+  ENUM_VALUE11099 = 76;
+  ENUM_VALUE11100 = 77;
+  ENUM_VALUE11101 = 78;
+  ENUM_VALUE11102 = 79;
+  ENUM_VALUE11103 = 80;
+  ENUM_VALUE11104 = 81;
+  ENUM_VALUE11105 = 82;
+  ENUM_VALUE11106 = 83;
+}
+
+enum Enum12670 {
+  ENUM_VALUE12671 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE12672 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE12673 = 2;
+}
+
+enum Enum12871 {
+  ENUM_VALUE12872 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE12873 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE12874 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE12875 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE12876 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE12877 = 6;
+}
+
+enum Enum13092 {
+  ENUM_VALUE13093 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE13094 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE13095 = 3;
+}
+
+enum Enum13146 {
+  ENUM_VALUE13147 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE13148 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE13149 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE13150 = 3;
+}
+
+enum Enum16042 {
+  ENUM_VALUE16043 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE16044 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE16045 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE16046 = 273;
+  ENUM_VALUE16047 = 274;
+  ENUM_VALUE16048 = 4385;
+  ENUM_VALUE16049 = 4386;
+  ENUM_VALUE16050 = 4387;
+  ENUM_VALUE16051 = 4388;
+  ENUM_VALUE16052 = 4389;
+  ENUM_VALUE16053 = 4390;
+  ENUM_VALUE16054 = 4391;
+  ENUM_VALUE16055 = 4392;
+  ENUM_VALUE16056 = 4393;
+  ENUM_VALUE16057 = 276;
+  ENUM_VALUE16058 = 277;
+  ENUM_VALUE16059 = 18;
+  ENUM_VALUE16060 = 289;
+  ENUM_VALUE16061 = 291;
+  ENUM_VALUE16062 = 4657;
+  ENUM_VALUE16063 = 74513;
+  ENUM_VALUE16064 = 4658;
+  ENUM_VALUE16065 = 4659;
+  ENUM_VALUE16066 = 4660;
+  ENUM_VALUE16067 = 4661;
+  ENUM_VALUE16068 = 4662;
+  ENUM_VALUE16069 = 4663;
+  ENUM_VALUE16070 = 4664;
+  ENUM_VALUE16071 = 292;
+  ENUM_VALUE16072 = 4673;
+  ENUM_VALUE16073 = 4674;
+  ENUM_VALUE16074 = 293;
+  ENUM_VALUE16075 = 19;
+  ENUM_VALUE16076 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE16077 = 321;
+  ENUM_VALUE16078 = 5137;
+  ENUM_VALUE16079 = 5138;
+  ENUM_VALUE16080 = 5139;
+  ENUM_VALUE16081 = 5140;
+  ENUM_VALUE16082 = 5141;
+  ENUM_VALUE16083 = 5142;
+  ENUM_VALUE16084 = 82273;
+  ENUM_VALUE16085 = 82274;
+  ENUM_VALUE16086 = 82275;
+  ENUM_VALUE16087 = 82276;
+  ENUM_VALUE16088 = 82277;
+  ENUM_VALUE16089 = 82278;
+  ENUM_VALUE16090 = 5143;
+  ENUM_VALUE16091 = 5144;
+  ENUM_VALUE16092 = 5145;
+  ENUM_VALUE16093 = 5146;
+  ENUM_VALUE16094 = 82337;
+  ENUM_VALUE16095 = 5147;
+  ENUM_VALUE16096 = 5148;
+  ENUM_VALUE16097 = 322;
+  ENUM_VALUE16098 = 323;
+  ENUM_VALUE16099 = 324;
+  ENUM_VALUE16100 = 325;
+  ENUM_VALUE16101 = 326;
+  ENUM_VALUE16102 = 327;
+  ENUM_VALUE16103 = 328;
+  ENUM_VALUE16104 = 21;
+  ENUM_VALUE16105 = 337;
+  ENUM_VALUE16106 = 22;
+  ENUM_VALUE16107 = 23;
+  ENUM_VALUE16108 = 24;
+  ENUM_VALUE16109 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE16110 = 33;
+  ENUM_VALUE16111 = 34;
+  ENUM_VALUE16112 = 545;
+  ENUM_VALUE16113 = 8721;
+  ENUM_VALUE16114 = 8723;
+  ENUM_VALUE16115 = 8724;
+  ENUM_VALUE16116 = 546;
+  ENUM_VALUE16117 = 8739;
+  ENUM_VALUE16118 = 8740;
+  ENUM_VALUE16119 = 547;
+  ENUM_VALUE16120 = 548;
+  ENUM_VALUE16121 = 549;
+  ENUM_VALUE16122 = 550;
+  ENUM_VALUE16123 = 551;
+  ENUM_VALUE16124 = 552;
+  ENUM_VALUE16125 = 553;
+  ENUM_VALUE16126 = 35;
+  ENUM_VALUE16127 = 36;
+  ENUM_VALUE16128 = 37;
+  ENUM_VALUE16129 = 593;
+  ENUM_VALUE16130 = 594;
+  ENUM_VALUE16131 = 595;
+  ENUM_VALUE16132 = 596;
+  ENUM_VALUE16133 = 597;
+  ENUM_VALUE16134 = 38;
+  ENUM_VALUE16135 = 609;
+  ENUM_VALUE16136 = 610;
+  ENUM_VALUE16137 = 617;
+  ENUM_VALUE16138 = 614;
+  ENUM_VALUE16139 = 615;
+  ENUM_VALUE16140 = 616;
+  ENUM_VALUE16141 = 618;
+  ENUM_VALUE16142 = 620;
+  ENUM_VALUE16143 = 9937;
+  ENUM_VALUE16144 = 9938;
+  ENUM_VALUE16145 = 9939;
+  ENUM_VALUE16146 = 9940;
+  ENUM_VALUE16147 = 9941;
+  ENUM_VALUE16148 = 39;
+  ENUM_VALUE16149 = 40;
+  ENUM_VALUE16150 = 41;
+  ENUM_VALUE16151 = 42;
+  ENUM_VALUE16152 = 43;
+  ENUM_VALUE16153 = 44;
+  ENUM_VALUE16154 = 45;
+  ENUM_VALUE16155 = 11793;
+  ENUM_VALUE16156 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE16157 = 49;
+  ENUM_VALUE16158 = 50;
+  ENUM_VALUE16159 = 51;
+  ENUM_VALUE16160 = 817;
+  ENUM_VALUE16161 = 818;
+  ENUM_VALUE16162 = 819;
+  ENUM_VALUE16163 = 52;
+  ENUM_VALUE16164 = 833;
+  ENUM_VALUE16165 = 53;
+  ENUM_VALUE16166 = 54;
+  ENUM_VALUE16167 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE16168 = 1041;
+  ENUM_VALUE16169 = 16657;
+  ENUM_VALUE16170 = 16658;
+  ENUM_VALUE16171 = 16659;
+  ENUM_VALUE16172 = 16660;
+  ENUM_VALUE16173 = 16661;
+  ENUM_VALUE16174 = 1042;
+  ENUM_VALUE16175 = 16673;
+  ENUM_VALUE16176 = 1043;
+  ENUM_VALUE16177 = 16689;
+  ENUM_VALUE16178 = 16690;
+  ENUM_VALUE16179 = 16691;
+  ENUM_VALUE16180 = 16692;
+  ENUM_VALUE16181 = 16693;
+  ENUM_VALUE16182 = 16694;
+  ENUM_VALUE16183 = 16695;
+  ENUM_VALUE16184 = 1044;
+  ENUM_VALUE16185 = 16705;
+  ENUM_VALUE16186 = 16706;
+  ENUM_VALUE16187 = 16707;
+  ENUM_VALUE16188 = 16708;
+  ENUM_VALUE16189 = 16709;
+  ENUM_VALUE16190 = 16710;
+  ENUM_VALUE16191 = 16711;
+  ENUM_VALUE16192 = 16712;
+  ENUM_VALUE16193 = 16713;
+  ENUM_VALUE16194 = 1046;
+  ENUM_VALUE16195 = 16737;
+  ENUM_VALUE16196 = 1047;
+  ENUM_VALUE16197 = 16753;
+  ENUM_VALUE16198 = 268049;
+  ENUM_VALUE16199 = 268050;
+  ENUM_VALUE16200 = 268051;
+  ENUM_VALUE16201 = 268052;
+  ENUM_VALUE16202 = 1048;
+  ENUM_VALUE16203 = 16769;
+  ENUM_VALUE16204 = 16770;
+  ENUM_VALUE16205 = 16771;
+  ENUM_VALUE16206 = 16772;
+  ENUM_VALUE16207 = 16773;
+  ENUM_VALUE16208 = 1049;
+  ENUM_VALUE16209 = 1056;
+  ENUM_VALUE16210 = 1058;
+  ENUM_VALUE16211 = 1059;
+  ENUM_VALUE16212 = 1060;
+  ENUM_VALUE16213 = 1061;
+  ENUM_VALUE16214 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE16215 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE16216 = 97;
+  ENUM_VALUE16217 = 98;
+  ENUM_VALUE16218 = 99;
+  ENUM_VALUE16219 = 100;
+  ENUM_VALUE16220 = 101;
+  ENUM_VALUE16221 = 102;
+  ENUM_VALUE16222 = 103;
+  ENUM_VALUE16223 = 104;
+  ENUM_VALUE16224 = 105;
+  ENUM_VALUE16225 = 106;
+  ENUM_VALUE16226 = 108;
+  ENUM_VALUE16227 = 1729;
+  ENUM_VALUE16228 = 1730;
+  ENUM_VALUE16229 = 1731;
+  ENUM_VALUE16230 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE16231 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE16232 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE16233 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE16234 = 161;
+  ENUM_VALUE16235 = 2577;
+  ENUM_VALUE16236 = 41233;
+  ENUM_VALUE16237 = 41234;
+  ENUM_VALUE16238 = 2578;
+  ENUM_VALUE16239 = 2579;
+  ENUM_VALUE16240 = 41265;
+  ENUM_VALUE16241 = 2580;
+  ENUM_VALUE16242 = 2581;
+  ENUM_VALUE16243 = 41297;
+  ENUM_VALUE16244 = 41298;
+  ENUM_VALUE16245 = 41299;
+  ENUM_VALUE16246 = 41300;
+  ENUM_VALUE16247 = 2582;
+  ENUM_VALUE16248 = 2583;
+  ENUM_VALUE16249 = 2584;
+  ENUM_VALUE16250 = 162;
+  ENUM_VALUE16251 = 2593;
+  ENUM_VALUE16252 = 41489;
+  ENUM_VALUE16253 = 663825;
+  ENUM_VALUE16254 = 663826;
+  ENUM_VALUE16255 = 41490;
+  ENUM_VALUE16256 = 41491;
+  ENUM_VALUE16257 = 41492;
+  ENUM_VALUE16258 = 663873;
+  ENUM_VALUE16259 = 2594;
+  ENUM_VALUE16260 = 41505;
+  ENUM_VALUE16261 = 41506;
+  ENUM_VALUE16262 = 41507;
+  ENUM_VALUE16263 = 2595;
+  ENUM_VALUE16264 = 41521;
+  ENUM_VALUE16265 = 41522;
+  ENUM_VALUE16266 = 41523;
+  ENUM_VALUE16267 = 41524;
+  ENUM_VALUE16268 = 41525;
+  ENUM_VALUE16269 = 664401;
+  ENUM_VALUE16270 = 664402;
+  ENUM_VALUE16271 = 41526;
+  ENUM_VALUE16272 = 41527;
+  ENUM_VALUE16273 = 2596;
+  ENUM_VALUE16274 = 2597;
+  ENUM_VALUE16275 = 2598;
+  ENUM_VALUE16276 = 41569;
+  ENUM_VALUE16277 = 41570;
+  ENUM_VALUE16278 = 41571;
+  ENUM_VALUE16279 = 41572;
+  ENUM_VALUE16280 = 41573;
+  ENUM_VALUE16281 = 665169;
+  ENUM_VALUE16282 = 665170;
+  ENUM_VALUE16283 = 665171;
+  ENUM_VALUE16284 = 665172;
+  ENUM_VALUE16285 = 2599;
+  ENUM_VALUE16286 = 2600;
+  ENUM_VALUE16287 = 2601;
+  ENUM_VALUE16288 = 2603;
+  ENUM_VALUE16289 = 2604;
+  ENUM_VALUE16290 = 163;
+  ENUM_VALUE16291 = 2608;
+  ENUM_VALUE16292 = 2609;
+  ENUM_VALUE16293 = 2610;
+  ENUM_VALUE16294 = 2611;
+  ENUM_VALUE16295 = 2612;
+  ENUM_VALUE16296 = 164;
+  ENUM_VALUE16297 = 2625;
+  ENUM_VALUE16298 = 2626;
+  ENUM_VALUE16299 = 42017;
+  ENUM_VALUE16300 = 42018;
+  ENUM_VALUE16301 = 42019;
+  ENUM_VALUE16302 = 2627;
+  ENUM_VALUE16303 = 2628;
+  ENUM_VALUE16304 = 165;
+  ENUM_VALUE16305 = 2641;
+  ENUM_VALUE16306 = 42257;
+  ENUM_VALUE16307 = 42258;
+  ENUM_VALUE16308 = 2642;
+  ENUM_VALUE16309 = 2643;
+  ENUM_VALUE16310 = 2644;
+  ENUM_VALUE16311 = 2646;
+  ENUM_VALUE16312 = 2647;
+  ENUM_VALUE16313 = 42353;
+  ENUM_VALUE16314 = 2648;
+  ENUM_VALUE16315 = 2649;
+  ENUM_VALUE16316 = 2650;
+  ENUM_VALUE16317 = 2651;
+  ENUM_VALUE16318 = 2652;
+  ENUM_VALUE16319 = 2653;
+  ENUM_VALUE16320 = 2654;
+  ENUM_VALUE16321 = 42481;
+  ENUM_VALUE16322 = 42482;
+  ENUM_VALUE16323 = 42483;
+  ENUM_VALUE16324 = 166;
+  ENUM_VALUE16325 = 2657;
+  ENUM_VALUE16326 = 2658;
+  ENUM_VALUE16327 = 42529;
+  ENUM_VALUE16328 = 2659;
+  ENUM_VALUE16329 = 2660;
+  ENUM_VALUE16330 = 2661;
+  ENUM_VALUE16331 = 2662;
+  ENUM_VALUE16332 = 2663;
+  ENUM_VALUE16333 = 42609;
+  ENUM_VALUE16334 = 2664;
+  ENUM_VALUE16335 = 2665;
+  ENUM_VALUE16336 = 42753;
+  ENUM_VALUE16337 = 42754;
+  ENUM_VALUE16338 = 42755;
+  ENUM_VALUE16339 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE16340 = 177;
+  ENUM_VALUE16341 = 2833;
+  ENUM_VALUE16342 = 179;
+  ENUM_VALUE16343 = 180;
+  ENUM_VALUE16344 = 2881;
+  ENUM_VALUE16345 = 182;
+  ENUM_VALUE16346 = 183;
+  ENUM_VALUE16347 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE16348 = 3089;
+  ENUM_VALUE16349 = 194;
+  ENUM_VALUE16350 = 195;
+  ENUM_VALUE16351 = 196;
+  ENUM_VALUE16352 = 198;
+  ENUM_VALUE16353 = 3169;
+  ENUM_VALUE16354 = 199;
+  ENUM_VALUE16355 = 200;
+  ENUM_VALUE16356 = 208;
+  ENUM_VALUE16357 = 3329;
+  ENUM_VALUE16358 = 3330;
+  ENUM_VALUE16359 = 3331;
+  ENUM_VALUE16360 = 209;
+  ENUM_VALUE16361 = 210;
+  ENUM_VALUE16362 = 211;
+  ENUM_VALUE16363 = 3377;
+  ENUM_VALUE16364 = 3378;
+  ENUM_VALUE16365 = 3379;
+  ENUM_VALUE16366 = 3380;
+  ENUM_VALUE16367 = 3381;
+  ENUM_VALUE16368 = 865809;
+  ENUM_VALUE16369 = 865810;
+  ENUM_VALUE16370 = 865811;
+  ENUM_VALUE16371 = 865812;
+  ENUM_VALUE16372 = 865813;
+  ENUM_VALUE16373 = 865814;
+  ENUM_VALUE16374 = 865815;
+  ENUM_VALUE16375 = 865816;
+  ENUM_VALUE16376 = 865817;
+  ENUM_VALUE16377 = 865818;
+  ENUM_VALUE16378 = 865819;
+  ENUM_VALUE16379 = 865820;
+  ENUM_VALUE16380 = 865821;
+  ENUM_VALUE16381 = 865822;
+  ENUM_VALUE16382 = 865823;
+  ENUM_VALUE16383 = 865824;
+  ENUM_VALUE16384 = 865825;
+  ENUM_VALUE16385 = 865826;
+  ENUM_VALUE16386 = 865827;
+  ENUM_VALUE16387 = 865828;
+  ENUM_VALUE16388 = 865829;
+  ENUM_VALUE16389 = 212;
+  ENUM_VALUE16390 = 3393;
+  ENUM_VALUE16391 = 3394;
+  ENUM_VALUE16392 = 3395;
+  ENUM_VALUE16393 = 213;
+  ENUM_VALUE16394 = 214;
+  ENUM_VALUE16395 = 215;
+  ENUM_VALUE16396 = 3441;
+  ENUM_VALUE16397 = 3442;
+  ENUM_VALUE16398 = 216;
+  ENUM_VALUE16399 = 217;
+  ENUM_VALUE16400 = 3473;
+  ENUM_VALUE16401 = 3474;
+  ENUM_VALUE16402 = 3475;
+  ENUM_VALUE16403 = 254;
+  ENUM_VALUE16404 = 255;
+}
+
+enum Enum16553 {
+  ENUM_VALUE16554 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE16555 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE16556 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE16557 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE16558 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE16559 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE16560 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE16561 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE16562 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE16563 = 9;
+}
+
+enum Enum16728 {
+  ENUM_VALUE16729 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE16730 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE16731 = 3;
+}
+
+enum Enum16732 {
+  ENUM_VALUE16733 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE16734 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE16735 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE16736 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE16737 = 5;
+}
+
+enum Enum16738 {
+  ENUM_VALUE16739 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE16740 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE16741 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE16742 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE16743 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE16744 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE16745 = 7;
+}
+
+enum Enum16698 {
+  ENUM_VALUE16699 = -1;
+  ENUM_VALUE16700 = 100;
+  ENUM_VALUE16701 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE16702 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE16703 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE16704 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE16705 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE16706 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE16707 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE16708 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE16709 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE16710 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE16711 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE16712 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE16713 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE16714 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE16715 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE16716 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE16717 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE16718 = 18;
+  ENUM_VALUE16719 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE16720 = 19;
+  ENUM_VALUE16721 = 20;
+}
+
+enum Enum16819 {
+  ENUM_VALUE16820 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE16821 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE16822 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE16823 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE16824 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE16825 = 5;
+}
+
+enum Enum16925 {
+  ENUM_VALUE16926 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE16927 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE16928 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE16929 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE16930 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE16931 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE16932 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE16933 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE16934 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE16935 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE16936 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE16937 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE16938 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE16939 = 13;
+}
+
+enum Enum22854 {
+  ENUM_VALUE22855 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE22856 = 1;
+}
+
+enum Enum24361 {
+  ENUM_VALUE24362 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE24363 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE24364 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE24365 = 3;
+}
+
+enum Enum16891 {
+  ENUM_VALUE16892 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE16893 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE16894 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE16895 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE16896 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE16897 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE16898 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE16899 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE16900 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE16901 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE16902 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE16903 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE16904 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE16905 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE16906 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE16907 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE16908 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE16909 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE16910 = 18;
+  ENUM_VALUE16911 = 19;
+  ENUM_VALUE16912 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE16913 = 21;
+  ENUM_VALUE16914 = 22;
+  ENUM_VALUE16915 = 23;
+  ENUM_VALUE16916 = 24;
+  ENUM_VALUE16917 = 25;
+  ENUM_VALUE16918 = 26;
+  ENUM_VALUE16919 = 27;
+  ENUM_VALUE16920 = 28;
+  ENUM_VALUE16921 = 29;
+  ENUM_VALUE16922 = 30;
+  ENUM_VALUE16923 = 31;
+}
+
+enum Enum27361 {
+  ENUM_VALUE27362 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE27363 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE27364 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE27365 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE27366 = 4;
+}
+
+enum Enum33960 {
+  ENUM_VALUE33961 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE33962 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE33963 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE33964 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE33965 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE33966 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE33967 = 6;
+}
+
+enum Enum34388 {
+  ENUM_VALUE34389 = 1;
+}
+
+enum Enum35477 {
+  ENUM_VALUE35478 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE35479 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE35480 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE35481 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE35482 = 0;
+}
+
+enum Enum35507 {
+  ENUM_VALUE35508 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE35509 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE35510 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE35511 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE35512 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE35513 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE35514 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE35515 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE35516 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE35517 = 9;
+}
+
+enum Enum36860 {
+  ENUM_VALUE36861 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE36862 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE36863 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE36864 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE36865 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE36866 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE36867 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE36868 = 7;
+}
+
+enum Enum36890 {
+  ENUM_VALUE36891 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE36892 = 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..216139391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_1.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_2.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_3.proto";
+package benchmarks.google_message4;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+message GoogleMessage4 {
+  optional int32 field37503 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37504 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37505 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37506 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37507 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message37489 field37508 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37509 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37510 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37511 = 9;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37512 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37513 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37514 = 12;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37515 = 13;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37516 = 14;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37517 = 15;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37518 = 16;
+}
+
+message Message37489 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message2517 field37534 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7330 field37535 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message8815 field37536 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message8817 field37537 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message8835 field37538 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message8848 field37539 = 9;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message8856 field37540 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12717 field37541 = 15;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12748 field37542 = 20;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7319 field37543 = 22;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12908 field37544 = 24;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12910 field37545 = 25;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12960 field37546 = 30;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message176 field37547 = 33;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message13000 field37548 = 34;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message13035 field37549 = 35;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message37331 field37550 = 36;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message37329 field37551 = 37;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message37327 field37552 = 38;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message37333 field37553 = 39;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message37335 field37554 = 40;
+}
+
+message Message7319 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7321 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7322 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message12717 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field12719 = 1;
+  optional string field12720 = 2;
+  optional uint32 field12721 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message11976 field12722 = 4;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message11948 field12723 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message11947 field12724 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12687 field12725 = 7;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message11948 field12726 = 8;
+  optional int64 field12727 = 9;
+}
+
+message Message37331 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37367 = 4;
+  required .benchmarks.google_message4.Message37326 field37368 = 1;
+  required int64 field37369 = 2;
+  required bytes field37370 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message8815 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field8819 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message8768 field8820 = 2;
+  optional bool field8821 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message7330 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7332 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3069 field7333 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7320 field7334 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7335 = 4;
+  optional bool field7336 = 5;
+  optional int64 field7337 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message12960 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field12962 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12948 field12963 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message176 {
+  required string field408 = 1;
+  optional int32 field409 = 4;
+  optional string field410 = 50;
+  optional int32 field411 = 2;
+  optional uint64 field412 = 47;
+  optional string field413 = 56;
+  optional int32 field414 = 24;
+  optional string field415 = 21;
+  optional bytes field416 = 3;
+  optional string field417 = 57;
+  optional int32 field418 = 51;
+  optional float field419 = 7;
+  optional bool field420 = 5;
+  optional bool field421 = 28;
+  optional int32 field422 = 6;
+  repeated int32 field423 = 40;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field424 = 41;
+  optional bool field425 = 25;
+  optional uint64 field426 = 26;
+  optional int32 field427 = 38;
+  optional bytes field428 = 15;
+  optional bytes field429 = 55;
+  optional bytes field430 = 16;
+  optional bytes field431 = 23;
+  optional bool field432 = 33;
+  optional bytes field433 = 31;
+  optional bytes field434 = 32;
+  optional int32 field435 = 36;
+  optional uint64 field436 = 17;
+  optional int32 field437 = 45;
+  optional uint64 field438 = 18;
+  optional string field439 = 46;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field440 = 64;
+  optional int32 field441 = 39;
+  optional uint64 field442 = 48;
+  optional bytes field443 = 19;
+  optional bytes field444 = 42;
+  optional bytes field445 = 43;
+  optional string field446 = 44;
+  optional string field447 = 49;
+  optional int64 field448 = 20;
+  optional bool field449 = 53;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field450 = 54;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field451 = 22;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEnum field452 = 27;
+  optional int32 field453 = 29;
+  optional int32 field454 = 30;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEnum field455 = 37;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEnum field456 = 34;
+  optional int32 field457 = 35;
+  repeated group Message178 = 101 {
+  }
+  optional bool field459 = 52;
+  optional uint64 field460 = 58;
+  optional uint64 field461 = 59;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field462 = 60;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field463 = 61;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEnum field464 = 62;
+  repeated string field465 = 63;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field466 = 65;
+}
+
+message Message8817 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field8825 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message8768 field8826 = 2;
+  optional string field8827 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message8835 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field8837 = 1;
+  repeated string field8838 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEnum field8839 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message37333 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37372 = 3;
+  required .benchmarks.google_message4.Message37326 field37373 = 1;
+  optional uint64 field37374 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message13000 {
+  optional int64 field13015 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12979 field13016 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message37335 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37376 = 4;
+  required .benchmarks.google_message4.Message37326 field37377 = 1;
+  required .benchmarks.google_message4.Message37173 field37378 = 2;
+  optional uint64 field37379 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message8848 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field8850 = 1;
+  optional string field8851 = 2;
+  optional bytes field8852 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message13035 {
+  optional int64 field13058 = 1;
+  repeated int64 field13059 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message8856 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field8858 = 1;
+  optional string field8859 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message12908 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field12912 = 1;
+  optional string field12913 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12799 field12914 = 3;
+  optional int64 field12915 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3804 field12916 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12870 field12917 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message12910 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field12920 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12818 field12921 = 2;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12903 field12922 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message37327 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37347 = 11;
+  required .benchmarks.google_message4.Message37326 field37348 = 1;
+  optional bool field37349 = 2;
+  optional bool field37350 = 3;
+  optional bool field37351 = 4;
+  optional bool field37352 = 5;
+  optional bool field37353 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37354 = 7;
+  optional uint64 field37355 = 8;
+  optional bool field37356 = 9;
+  optional bool field37357 = 10;
+}
+
+message Message37329 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37359 = 6;
+  required .benchmarks.google_message4.Message37326 field37360 = 1;
+  required int64 field37361 = 2;
+  required int64 field37362 = 3;
+  optional bool field37363 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message2517 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field2519 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message2356 field2520 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message0 field2521 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message2463 field2522 = 4;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message971 field2523 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message12748 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field12754 = 1;
+  optional string field12755 = 2;
+  optional string field12756 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum12735 field12757 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message12687 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12686 field12701 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message11948 {
+  optional string field11954 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message11949 field11955 = 2;
+  optional bool field11956 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message11976 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message11975 field12002 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message7320 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7323 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7287 field7324 = 8;
+}
+
+message Message3069 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3061 field3374 = 1;
+  optional bytes field3375 = 2;
+  repeated group Message3070 = 3 {
+    required .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum3071 field3378 = 4;
+    required bytes field3379 = 5;
+  }
+  extensions 10000 to 536870911;
+}
+
+message Message12948 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12949 field12958 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message8768 {
+  optional string field8782 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message8572 field8783 = 2;
+  optional bool field8784 = 3;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message8774 field8785 = 4;
+  optional int64 field8786 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field8787 = 6;
+  optional string field8788 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message12979 {
+  required bytes field12981 = 1;
+  repeated string field12982 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field12983 = 3;
+  optional int64 field12984 = 4;
+  optional string field12985 = 5;
+  optional int32 field12986 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field12987 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message37173 {
+  optional string field37252 = 1;
+  optional int64 field37253 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEnum field37254 = 4;
+  optional bool field37255 = 5;
+  optional bool field37256 = 6;
+  optional bool field37257 = 7;
+  optional string field37258 = 8;
+  optional string field37259 = 9;
+  optional uint32 field37260 = 10;
+  optional fixed32 field37261 = 11;
+  optional string field37262 = 12;
+  optional string field37263 = 13;
+  optional string field37264 = 14;
+  optional int32 field37265 = 15;
+  optional int64 field37266 = 16;
+  optional int64 field37267 = 17;
+  optional int32 field37268 = 18;
+  optional int32 field37269 = 19;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37270 = 20;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37271 = 21;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37272 = 22;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37273 = 23;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field37274 = 24;
+  optional string field37275 = 25;
+  optional bool field37276 = 26;
+}
+
+message Message12799 {
+  required string field12809 = 1;
+  repeated fixed64 field12810 = 2;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12776 field12811 = 8;
+  repeated int32 field12812 = 4;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12798 field12813 = 5;
+  required int32 field12814 = 3;
+  optional int32 field12815 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12797 field12816 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message12870 {
+  required int32 field12879 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12880 = 7;
+  required int32 field12881 = 2;
+  optional uint64 field12882 = 3;
+  optional string field12883 = 2001;
+  optional fixed64 field12884 = 4;
+  repeated fixed64 field12885 = 14;
+  optional int32 field12886 = 9;
+  optional int64 field12887 = 18;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12870 field12888 = 8;
+  optional int32 field12889 = 5;
+  optional uint64 field12890 = 6;
+  optional int32 field12891 = 10;
+  optional int32 field12892 = 11;
+  optional double field12893 = 12;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12825 field12894 = 13;
+  optional double field12895 = 15;
+  optional string field12896 = 16;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum12871 field12897 = 17;
+  optional int32 field12898 = 19;
+}
+
+message Message3804 {
+  required int64 field3818 = 1;
+  required bool field3819 = 2;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum3805 field3820 = 4;
+  optional int32 field3821 = 5;
+  optional bool field3822 = 6;
+  optional int64 field3823 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum3783 field3824 = 8;
+}
+
+message Message12903 {
+  optional string field12905 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message8587 field12906 = 2;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message8590 field12907 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message37326 {
+  required string field37345 = 1;
+  optional string field37346 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message2356 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message1374 field2368 = 121;
+  optional uint64 field2369 = 1;
+  optional int32 field2370 = 2;
+  optional int32 field2371 = 17;
+  required string field2372 = 3;
+  optional int32 field2373 = 7;
+  optional bytes field2374 = 8;
+  optional string field2375 = 4;
+  optional string field2376 = 101;
+  optional int32 field2377 = 102;
+  optional int32 field2378 = 103;
+  optional int32 field2379 = 104;
+  optional int32 field2380 = 113;
+  optional int32 field2381 = 114;
+  optional int32 field2382 = 115;
+  optional int32 field2383 = 117;
+  optional int32 field2384 = 118;
+  optional int32 field2385 = 119;
+  optional int32 field2386 = 105;
+  optional bytes field2387 = 5;
+  optional group Message2357 = 6 {
+    optional int64 field2399 = 9;
+    optional int32 field2400 = 10;
+    optional int32 field2401 = 11;
+    optional int32 field2402 = 12;
+    optional int32 field2403 = 13;
+    optional int32 field2404 = 116;
+    optional int32 field2405 = 106;
+    required bytes field2406 = 14;
+    optional int32 field2407 = 45;
+    optional int32 field2408 = 112;
+    optional bool field2409 = 122;
+    optional bytes field2410 = 124;
+  }
+  optional string field2389 = 120;
+  optional group Message2358 = 107 {
+  }
+  repeated group Message2359 = 40 {
+  }
+  optional int32 field2392 = 50;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field2393 = 60;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field2394 = 70;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field2395 = 80;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field2396 = 90;
+  optional string field2397 = 100;
+  optional string field2398 = 123;
+}
+
+message Message0 {
+  option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  extensions 4 to 2147483646;
+}
+
+message Message971 {
+  optional string field972 = 1;
+  optional int32 field973 = 2;
+  optional bool field974 = 3;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_1.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_1.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e76974805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_1.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_2.proto";
+import "datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_3.proto";
+package benchmarks.google_message4;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+message Message2463 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message2462 field2498 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message12686 {
+  optional string field12699 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12685 field12700 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message11949 {
+}
+
+message Message11975 {
+  optional string field11992 = 1;
+  optional int32 field11993 = 2;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message10320 field11994 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message11947 field11995 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message11920 field11996 = 5;
+  optional bool field11997 = 6;
+  repeated string field11998 = 7;
+  optional float field11999 = 8;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEnum field12000 = 9;
+  optional int32 field12001 = 11;
+}
+
+message Message7287 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6133 field7311 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7312 = 8;
+  optional string field7313 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6643 field7314 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum7288 field7315 = 5;
+  optional bytes field7316 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7317 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7318 = 9;
+}
+
+message Message3061 {
+  optional string field3286 = 2;
+  optional int32 field3287 = 77;
+  optional string field3288 = 49;
+  required .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3046 field3289 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3046 field3290 = 58;
+  optional group Message3062 = 4 {
+    required int32 field3335 = 5;
+    optional int32 field3336 = 6;
+    optional int32 field3337 = 7;
+  }
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3060 field3292 = 104;
+  optional int64 field3293 = 32;
+  optional int32 field3294 = 41;
+  optional group Message3063 = 13 {
+    required int32 field3338 = 14;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum2851 field3339 = 18;
+    optional int64 field3340 = 15;
+    optional int64 field3341 = 23;
+  }
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum2834 field3296 = 94;
+  optional bool field3297 = 25;
+  optional bool field3298 = 50;
+  optional string field3299 = 89;
+  optional string field3300 = 91;
+  optional string field3301 = 105;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3050 field3302 = 53;
+  optional fixed64 field3303 = 51;
+  optional fixed64 field3304 = 106;
+  optional int32 field3305 = 60;
+  optional string field3306 = 44;
+  optional bytes field3307 = 81;
+  optional string field3308 = 70;
+  optional bytes field3309 = 45;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum2806 field3310 = 71;
+  optional int32 field3311 = 72;
+  optional bytes field3312 = 78;
+  optional int32 field3313 = 20;
+  repeated group Message3064 = 8 {
+    required .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum2602 field3342 = 9;
+    optional int32 field3343 = 92;
+    optional string field3344 = 10;
+    optional bytes field3345 = 11;
+    optional int32 field3346 = 12;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3060 field3347 = 98;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field3348 = 82;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3050 field3349 = 80;
+    optional fixed64 field3350 = 52;
+    optional int32 field3351 = 33;
+    optional string field3352 = 42;
+    optional string field3353 = 69;
+    optional bytes field3354 = 43;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum2806 field3355 = 73;
+    optional int32 field3356 = 74;
+    optional int32 field3357 = 90;
+    optional bytes field3358 = 79;
+    optional int32 field3359 = 19;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum2834 field3360 = 95;
+  }
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field3315 = 39;
+  optional int32 field3316 = 76;
+  optional group Message3065 = 63 {
+  }
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum2806 field3318 = 54;
+  optional int32 field3319 = 46;
+  repeated string field3320 = 24;
+  optional fixed32 field3321 = 38;
+  optional bytes field3322 = 99;
+  optional fixed64 field3323 = 1;
+  optional fixed64 field3324 = 97;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3040 field3325 = 16;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3041 field3326 = 61;
+  optional group Message3066 = 21 {
+    optional int32 field3366 = 22;
+    optional int32 field3367 = 55;
+    optional int32 field3368 = 88;
+    optional int32 field3369 = 56;
+    optional int32 field3370 = 75;
+    optional int32 field3371 = 57;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field3372 = 85;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field3373 = 96;
+  }
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field3328 = 47;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field3329 = 48;
+  optional fixed64 field3330 = 40;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field3331 = 86;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field3332 = 59;
+  optional int32 field3333 = 17;
+}
+
+message Message12949 {
+}
+
+message Message8572 {
+  optional bytes field8647 = 1;
+  optional bytes field8648 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3886 field8649 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3919 field8650 = 57;
+  optional bool field8651 = 5;
+  optional int32 field8652 = 6;
+  optional int32 field8653 = 49;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7905 field8654 = 7;
+  optional int32 field8655 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field8656 = 11;
+  optional bool field8657 = 35;
+  optional bytes field8658 = 12;
+  optional string field8659 = 14;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field8660 = 13;
+  optional bytes field8661 = 15;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field8662 = 17;
+  optional int32 field8663 = 18;
+  optional int32 field8664 = 19;
+  optional bool field8665 = 20;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum3476 field8666 = 31;
+  optional bool field8667 = 36;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field8668 = 39;
+  optional bytes field8669 = 22;
+  optional int32 field8670 = 24;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3052 field8671 = 25;
+  optional bytes field8672 = 26;
+  optional bytes field8673 = 28;
+  optional int32 field8674 = 29;
+  optional bytes field8675 = 30;
+  optional bytes field8676 = 32;
+  optional string field8677 = 33;
+  optional int32 field8678 = 34;
+  optional int32 field8679 = 37;
+  optional double field8680 = 38;
+  optional double field8681 = 42;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3922 field8682 = 40;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field8683 = 43;
+  optional int64 field8684 = 44;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7929 field8685 = 45;
+  optional uint64 field8686 = 46;
+  optional uint32 field8687 = 48;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7843 field8688 = 47;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7864 field8689 = 50;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field8690 = 52;
+  optional bool field8691 = 58;
+  optional bool field8692 = 54;
+  optional string field8693 = 55;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field8694 = 41;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field8695 = 53;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message8575 field8696 = 61;
+}
+
+message Message8774 {
+  optional string field8810 = 1;
+  optional string field8811 = 2;
+  optional string field8812 = 3;
+  optional string field8813 = 4;
+  optional string field8814 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message12776 {
+  optional string field12786 = 1;
+  optional fixed64 field12787 = 11;
+  optional int32 field12788 = 6;
+  optional int32 field12789 = 13;
+  optional int32 field12790 = 14;
+  optional int32 field12791 = 15;
+  optional int32 field12792 = 16;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field12793 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12774 field12794 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field12795 = 12;
+  extensions 2 to 2;
+  extensions 3 to 3;
+  extensions 4 to 4;
+  extensions 5 to 5;
+  extensions 7 to 7;
+  extensions 9 to 9;
+}
+
+message Message12798 {
+  optional int32 field12805 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12806 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12774 field12807 = 6;
+  optional bool field12808 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message12797 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12796 field12802 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12796 field12803 = 2;
+  optional string field12804 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message12825 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12818 field12862 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12863 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12819 field12864 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12820 field12865 = 4;
+  optional int32 field12866 = 5;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12821 field12867 = 6;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field12868 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message8590 {
+}
+
+message Message8587 {
+}
+
+message Message1374 {
+  required string field1375 = 1;
+  optional string field1376 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message2462 {
+  required bytes field2496 = 1;
+  required double field2497 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message12685 {
+  repeated string field12692 = 1;
+  repeated string field12693 = 2;
+  optional int64 field12694 = 3;
+  optional uint32 field12695 = 4;
+  repeated string field12696 = 5;
+  optional string field12697 = 6;
+  optional string field12698 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message10320 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum10335 field10347 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message10319 field10348 = 2;
+  optional int32 field10349 = 3;
+  optional int32 field10350 = 4;
+  optional int32 field10351 = 5;
+  optional int32 field10352 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum10337 field10353 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message11947 {
+  optional uint32 field11951 = 1;
+  optional bool field11952 = 2;
+  optional int32 field11953 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message11920 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum11901 field11945 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEnum field11946 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message6643 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field6683 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field6684 = 4;
+  optional double field6685 = 5;
+  optional double field6686 = 6;
+  optional int32 field6687 = 1;
+  optional int32 field6688 = 2;
+  optional double field6689 = 9;
+  optional bytes field6690 = 10;
+  optional int32 field6691 = 11;
+  optional bool field6692 = 12;
+  optional bool field6693 = 13;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6578 field6694 = 15;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEnum field6695 = 16;
+  optional int64 field6696 = 17;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field6697 = 22;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field6698 = 19;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field6699 = 20;
+  optional int32 field6700 = 21;
+}
+
+message Message6133 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message4016 field6173 = 12;
+  optional double field6174 = 16;
+  required string field6175 = 1;
+  required string field6176 = 2;
+  required string field6177 = 3;
+  optional string field6178 = 4;
+  optional string field6179 = 8;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6109 field6180 = 5;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5908 field6181 = 13;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6107 field6182 = 7;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6126 field6183 = 9;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6129 field6184 = 15;
+  optional int32 field6185 = 10;
+  optional int32 field6186 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message4016 field6187 = 17;
+  optional double field6188 = 14;
+  optional double field6189 = 18;
+  optional string field6190 = 19;
+  optional string field6191 = 20;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5881 field6192 = 21;
+}
+
+message Message6109 {
+  optional string field6140 = 1;
+  required .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum6111 field6141 = 2;
+  optional int32 field6142 = 9;
+  optional string field6143 = 3;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6110 field6144 = 4;
+  repeated int32 field6145 = 7;
+  repeated int32 field6146 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6133 field6147 = 10;
+  repeated int32 field6148 = 11;
+  optional string field6149 = 12;
+  optional string field6150 = 13;
+  optional bool field6151 = 14;
+  extensions 1000 to 536870911;
+}
+
+message Message3046 {
+  required .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum2593 field3222 = 1;
+  optional int32 field3223 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message3060 {
+  optional int64 field3283 = 1;
+  optional int64 field3284 = 2;
+  optional int64 field3285 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message3041 {
+  optional string field3214 = 1;
+  optional int32 field3215 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message3040 {
+  required fixed64 field3209 = 1;
+  repeated fixed64 field3210 = 4;
+  optional int32 field3211 = 5;
+  optional fixed64 field3212 = 2;
+  required string field3213 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message3050 {
+  optional bytes field3245 = 5;
+  optional int32 field3246 = 2;
+  optional bytes field3247 = 6;
+  optional int32 field3248 = 4;
+  optional fixed32 field3249 = 1;
+  optional fixed32 field3250 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message7905 {
+  optional int32 field7911 = 1;
+  optional bool field7912 = 2;
+  optional bytes field7913 = 3;
+  optional int32 field7914 = 4;
+  optional int32 field7915 = 5;
+  optional bytes field7916 = 6;
+  optional int32 field7917 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message3886 {
+  repeated group Message3887 = 1 {
+    required string field3932 = 2;
+    optional string field3933 = 9;
+    optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3850 field3934 = 3;
+    optional bytes field3935 = 8;
+  }
+}
+
+message Message7864 {
+  optional string field7866 = 1;
+  optional string field7867 = 2;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7865 field7868 = 5;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7865 field7869 = 6;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7865 field7870 = 7;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7871 = 8;
+}
+
+message Message3922 {
+  optional uint64 field4012 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message3052 {
+  repeated string field3254 = 1;
+  repeated string field3255 = 2;
+  repeated bytes field3256 = 3;
+  repeated string field3257 = 4;
+  optional bool field3258 = 5;
+  optional int32 field3259 = 6;
+  optional int32 field3260 = 7;
+  optional string field3261 = 8;
+  optional string field3262 = 9;
+}
+
+message Message8575 {
+}
+
+message Message7843 {
+  optional bool field7844 = 5;
+  optional int32 field7845 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7846 = 22;
+  repeated int32 field7847 = 3;
+  repeated string field7848 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEnum field7849 = 15;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7850 = 6;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7851 = 14;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7852 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7511 field7853 = 13;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7854 = 16;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7855 = 17;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7856 = 19;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7857 = 18;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEnum field7858 = 20;
+  optional int32 field7859 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message3919 {
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message3920 field4009 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message7929 {
+  optional int64 field7942 = 1;
+  optional int64 field7943 = 4;
+  optional int64 field7944 = 5;
+  optional int64 field7945 = 12;
+  optional int64 field7946 = 13;
+  optional int64 field7947 = 18;
+  optional int64 field7948 = 6;
+  optional int64 field7949 = 7;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7919 field7950 = 8;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7951 = 20;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7920 field7952 = 14;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7921 field7953 = 15;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message7928 field7954 = 17;
+  optional int64 field7955 = 19;
+  optional bool field7956 = 2;
+  optional int64 field7957 = 3;
+  optional int64 field7958 = 9;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field7959 = 10;
+  repeated bytes field7960 = 11;
+  optional int64 field7961 = 16;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5e9da5aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_3.proto";
+package benchmarks.google_message4;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+message Message12774 {
+  optional uint32 field12777 = 1;
+  optional uint32 field12778 = 2;
+  optional uint32 field12779 = 3;
+  optional uint32 field12780 = 4;
+  optional uint32 field12781 = 5;
+  optional bool field12782 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message12796 {
+  repeated fixed64 field12800 = 1;
+  optional uint64 field12801 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message12821 {
+  optional int32 field12848 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12849 = 2;
+  optional int32 field12850 = 3;
+  optional int32 field12851 = 4;
+  optional int32 field12852 = 5;
+}
+
+message Message12820 {
+  optional int32 field12840 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12841 = 2;
+  optional int32 field12842 = 3;
+  optional int32 field12843 = 8;
+  optional int32 field12844 = 4;
+  optional int32 field12845 = 5;
+  optional int32 field12846 = 6;
+  optional int32 field12847 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message12819 {
+  optional double field12834 = 1;
+  optional double field12835 = 2;
+  optional double field12836 = 3;
+  optional double field12837 = 4;
+  optional double field12838 = 5;
+  optional double field12839 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message12818 {
+  optional uint64 field12829 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12830 = 2;
+  optional int32 field12831 = 3;
+  optional int32 field12832 = 5;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message12817 field12833 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message10319 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum10325 field10340 = 1;
+  optional int32 field10341 = 4;
+  optional int32 field10342 = 5;
+  optional bytes field10343 = 3;
+  optional string field10344 = 2;
+  optional string field10345 = 6;
+  optional string field10346 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message6578 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum6579 field6632 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum6588 field6633 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message6126 {
+  required string field6152 = 1;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6127 field6153 = 9;
+  optional int32 field6154 = 14;
+  optional bytes field6155 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6024 field6156 = 12;
+  optional int32 field6157 = 4;
+  optional string field6158 = 5;
+  optional int32 field6159 = 6;
+  repeated int32 field6160 = 2;
+  repeated int32 field6161 = 3;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6052 field6162 = 7;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field6163 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum6065 field6164 = 15;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6127 field6165 = 8;
+  optional bool field6166 = 13;
+  optional bool field6167 = 16;
+  optional bool field6168 = 18;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6054 field6169 = 17;
+  optional int32 field6170 = 19;
+}
+
+message Message5881 {
+  required double field5897 = 1;
+  optional string field5898 = 5;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5861 field5899 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field5900 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5867 field5901 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5880 field5902 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message6110 {
+}
+
+message Message6107 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message4016 field6134 = 1;
+  optional int32 field6135 = 2;
+  optional string field6136 = 3;
+  repeated int32 field6137 = 4;
+  optional int32 field6138 = 5;
+  repeated .benchmarks.google_message4.Message6108 field6139 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message6129 {
+  required .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum6130 field6171 = 1;
+  required string field6172 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message5908 {
+  optional string field5971 = 1;
+  optional int32 field5972 = 2;
+  optional int32 field5973 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5909 field5974 = 45;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5912 field5975 = 4;
+  optional fixed32 field5976 = 50;
+  optional fixed32 field5977 = 5;
+  optional fixed32 field5978 = 6;
+  optional string field5979 = 7;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5915 field5980 = 8;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5981 = 9;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5982 = 10;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5920 field5983 = 11;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5923 field5984 = 40;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5985 = 41;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5986 = 42;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5928 field5987 = 47;
+  optional bool field5988 = 48;
+  repeated fixed32 field5989 = 49;
+  optional string field5990 = 12;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5991 = 13;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5992 = 14;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5993 = 15;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5994 = 16;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5995 = 32;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5996 = 33;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5997 = 34;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5998 = 35;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5931 field5999 = 17;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5935 field6000 = 18;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5939 field6001 = 36;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5939 field6002 = 37;
+  repeated int32 field6003 = 19;
+  optional uint32 field6004 = 20;
+  optional uint32 field6005 = 21;
+  optional uint32 field6006 = 22;
+  optional uint32 field6007 = 23;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5946 field6008 = 24;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5946 field6009 = 25;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5946 field6010 = 26;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5946 field6011 = 27;
+  optional fixed32 field6012 = 28;
+  optional fixed32 field6013 = 29;
+  optional fixed32 field6014 = 30;
+  optional fixed32 field6015 = 31;
+  optional int32 field6016 = 38;
+  optional float field6017 = 39;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5957 field6018 = 43;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5907 field6019 = 44;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5962 field6020 = 46;
+}
+
+message Message3850 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum3851 field3924 = 2;
+  optional bool field3925 = 12;
+  optional int32 field3926 = 4;
+  optional bool field3927 = 10;
+  optional bool field3928 = 13;
+  optional bool field3929 = 14;
+}
+
+message Message7865 {
+}
+
+message Message7511 {
+  optional bool field7523 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum7512 field7524 = 2;
+  optional int32 field7525 = 3;
+  optional int32 field7526 = 4;
+  optional bool field7527 = 5;
+  optional int32 field7528 = 6;
+  optional int32 field7529 = 7;
+}
+
+message Message3920 {
+}
+
+message Message7928 {
+  optional string field7940 = 1;
+  optional int64 field7941 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message7921 {
+  optional int32 field7936 = 1;
+  optional int64 field7937 = 2;
+  optional float field7938 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum7922 field7939 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message7920 {
+  optional int64 field7934 = 1;
+  optional int64 field7935 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message7919 {
+  optional fixed64 field7931 = 1;
+  optional int64 field7932 = 2;
+  optional bytes field7933 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message12817 {
+  optional int32 field12826 = 1;
+  optional int32 field12827 = 2;
+  optional int32 field12828 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message6054 {
+  required string field6089 = 1;
+  optional string field6090 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message6127 {
+}
+
+message Message6052 {
+  required string field6084 = 1;
+  required bytes field6085 = 2;
+}
+
+message Message6024 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum6025 field6048 = 1;
+  optional string field6049 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEmptyMessage field6050 = 3;
+}
+
+message Message5861 {
+  required .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5862 field5882 = 1;
+  required string field5883 = 2;
+  optional bool field5884 = 3;
+  optional string field5885 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message5880 {
+  optional string field5896 = 1;
+}
+
+message Message5867 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5868 field5890 = 1;
+  optional string field5891 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5873 field5892 = 3;
+  optional int32 field5893 = 4;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.UnusedEnum field5894 = 5;
+  optional bool field5895 = 6;
+}
+
+message Message4016 {
+  required int32 field4017 = 1;
+  required int32 field4018 = 2;
+  required int32 field4019 = 3;
+  required int32 field4020 = 4;
+}
+
+message Message6108 {
+}
+
+message Message5907 {
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5967 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5968 = 2;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5969 = 3;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Message5903 field5970 = 4;
+}
+
+message UnusedEmptyMessage {
+}
+
+message Message5903 {
+  required int32 field5965 = 1;
+  optional .benchmarks.google_message4.Enum5904 field5966 = 2;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..544fad202
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package benchmarks.google_message4;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.benchmarks";
+
+enum UnusedEnum {
+  UNUSED_ENUM_VALUE1 = 0;
+  UNUSED_ENUM_VALUE2 = 1;
+}
+
+enum Enum2593 {
+  ENUM_VALUE2594 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE2595 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE2596 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE2597 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE2598 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE2599 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE2600 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE2601 = 7;
+}
+
+enum Enum2834 {
+  ENUM_VALUE2835 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE2836 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE2837 = 2;
+}
+
+enum Enum2806 {
+  ENUM_VALUE2807 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE2808 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE2809 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE2810 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE2811 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE2812 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE2813 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE2814 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE2815 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE2816 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE2817 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE2818 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE2819 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE2820 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE2821 = 14;
+}
+
+enum Enum2851 {
+  option allow_alias = true;
+  ENUM_VALUE2852 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE2853 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE2854 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE2855 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE2856 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE2857 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE2858 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE2859 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE2860 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE2861 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE2862 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE2863 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE2864 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE2865 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE2866 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE2867 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE2868 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE2869 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE2870 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE2871 = 18;
+  ENUM_VALUE2872 = 19;
+  ENUM_VALUE2873 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE2874 = 21;
+  ENUM_VALUE2875 = 22;
+  ENUM_VALUE2876 = 23;
+  ENUM_VALUE2877 = 24;
+  ENUM_VALUE2878 = 25;
+  ENUM_VALUE2879 = 26;
+  ENUM_VALUE2880 = 27;
+  ENUM_VALUE2881 = 28;
+  ENUM_VALUE2882 = 29;
+  ENUM_VALUE2883 = 30;
+  ENUM_VALUE2884 = 31;
+  ENUM_VALUE2885 = 32;
+  ENUM_VALUE2886 = 33;
+  ENUM_VALUE2887 = 34;
+  ENUM_VALUE2888 = 35;
+  ENUM_VALUE2889 = 36;
+  ENUM_VALUE2890 = 37;
+  ENUM_VALUE2891 = 38;
+  ENUM_VALUE2892 = 39;
+  ENUM_VALUE2893 = 40;
+  ENUM_VALUE2894 = 41;
+  ENUM_VALUE2895 = 42;
+  ENUM_VALUE2896 = 43;
+  ENUM_VALUE2897 = 44;
+  ENUM_VALUE2898 = 45;
+  ENUM_VALUE2899 = 46;
+  ENUM_VALUE2900 = 47;
+  ENUM_VALUE2901 = 48;
+  ENUM_VALUE2902 = 49;
+  ENUM_VALUE2903 = 50;
+  ENUM_VALUE2904 = 51;
+  ENUM_VALUE2905 = 52;
+  ENUM_VALUE2906 = 53;
+  ENUM_VALUE2907 = 54;
+  ENUM_VALUE2908 = 55;
+  ENUM_VALUE2909 = 56;
+  ENUM_VALUE2910 = 57;
+  ENUM_VALUE2911 = 58;
+  ENUM_VALUE2912 = 59;
+  ENUM_VALUE2913 = 60;
+  ENUM_VALUE2914 = 61;
+  ENUM_VALUE2915 = 62;
+  ENUM_VALUE2916 = 63;
+  ENUM_VALUE2917 = 64;
+  ENUM_VALUE2918 = 65;
+  ENUM_VALUE2919 = 66;
+  ENUM_VALUE2920 = 67;
+  ENUM_VALUE2921 = 68;
+  ENUM_VALUE2922 = 69;
+  ENUM_VALUE2923 = 70;
+  ENUM_VALUE2924 = 71;
+  ENUM_VALUE2925 = 72;
+  ENUM_VALUE2926 = 73;
+  ENUM_VALUE2927 = 74;
+  ENUM_VALUE2928 = 75;
+  ENUM_VALUE2929 = 76;
+  ENUM_VALUE2930 = 77;
+  ENUM_VALUE2931 = 78;
+  ENUM_VALUE2932 = 79;
+  ENUM_VALUE2933 = 80;
+  ENUM_VALUE2934 = 81;
+  ENUM_VALUE2935 = 82;
+  ENUM_VALUE2936 = 83;
+  ENUM_VALUE2937 = 84;
+  ENUM_VALUE2938 = 85;
+  ENUM_VALUE2939 = 86;
+  ENUM_VALUE2940 = 87;
+  ENUM_VALUE2941 = 88;
+  ENUM_VALUE2942 = 89;
+  ENUM_VALUE2943 = 90;
+  ENUM_VALUE2944 = 91;
+  ENUM_VALUE2945 = 92;
+  ENUM_VALUE2946 = 93;
+  ENUM_VALUE2947 = 94;
+  ENUM_VALUE2948 = 95;
+  ENUM_VALUE2949 = 96;
+  ENUM_VALUE2950 = 97;
+  ENUM_VALUE2951 = 98;
+  ENUM_VALUE2952 = 99;
+  ENUM_VALUE2953 = 100;
+  ENUM_VALUE2954 = 101;
+  ENUM_VALUE2955 = 102;
+  ENUM_VALUE2956 = 103;
+  ENUM_VALUE2957 = 104;
+  ENUM_VALUE2958 = 105;
+  ENUM_VALUE2959 = 106;
+  ENUM_VALUE2960 = 107;
+  ENUM_VALUE2961 = 108;
+  ENUM_VALUE2962 = 109;
+  ENUM_VALUE2963 = 110;
+  ENUM_VALUE2964 = 111;
+  ENUM_VALUE2965 = 112;
+  ENUM_VALUE2966 = 113;
+  ENUM_VALUE2967 = 114;
+  ENUM_VALUE2968 = 115;
+  ENUM_VALUE2969 = 116;
+  ENUM_VALUE2970 = 117;
+  ENUM_VALUE2971 = 118;
+  ENUM_VALUE2972 = 119;
+}
+
+enum Enum2602 {
+  ENUM_VALUE2603 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE2604 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE2605 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE2606 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE2607 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE2608 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE2609 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE2610 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE2611 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE2612 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE2613 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE2614 = 11;
+}
+
+enum Enum3071 {
+  ENUM_VALUE3072 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE3073 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE3074 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE3075 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE3076 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE3077 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE3078 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE3079 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE3080 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE3081 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE3082 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE3083 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE3084 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE3085 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE3086 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE3087 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE3088 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE3089 = 18;
+  ENUM_VALUE3090 = 19;
+  ENUM_VALUE3091 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE3092 = 21;
+  ENUM_VALUE3093 = 22;
+  ENUM_VALUE3094 = 23;
+  ENUM_VALUE3095 = 24;
+  ENUM_VALUE3096 = 25;
+  ENUM_VALUE3097 = 26;
+  ENUM_VALUE3098 = 27;
+  ENUM_VALUE3099 = 28;
+}
+
+enum Enum3805 {
+  ENUM_VALUE3806 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE3807 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE3808 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE3809 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE3810 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE3811 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE3812 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE3813 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE3814 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE3815 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE3816 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE3817 = 10;
+}
+
+enum Enum3783 {
+  ENUM_VALUE3784 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE3785 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE3786 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE3787 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE3788 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE3789 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE3790 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE3791 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE3792 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE3793 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE3794 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE3795 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE3796 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE3797 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE3798 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE3799 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE3800 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE3801 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE3802 = 21;
+  ENUM_VALUE3803 = 50;
+}
+
+enum Enum3851 {
+  ENUM_VALUE3852 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE3853 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE3854 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE3855 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE3856 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE3857 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE3858 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE3859 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE3860 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE3861 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE3862 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE3863 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE3864 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE3865 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE3866 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE3867 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE3868 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE3869 = 17;
+}
+
+enum Enum5862 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5863 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE5864 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE5865 = 3;
+}
+
+enum Enum5868 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5869 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5870 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE5871 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE5872 = 3;
+}
+
+enum Enum5873 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5874 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5875 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE5876 = 2;
+}
+
+enum Enum5904 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5905 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5906 = 1;
+}
+
+enum Enum5909 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5910 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5911 = 1;
+}
+
+enum Enum5912 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5913 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5914 = 1;
+}
+
+enum Enum5915 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5916 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5917 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE5918 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE5919 = 3;
+}
+
+enum Enum5920 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5921 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5922 = 1;
+}
+
+enum Enum5923 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5924 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5925 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE5926 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE5927 = 3;
+}
+
+enum Enum5928 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5929 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5930 = 1;
+}
+
+enum Enum5931 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5932 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5933 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE5934 = 2;
+}
+
+enum Enum5935 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5936 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5937 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE5938 = 2;
+}
+
+enum Enum5939 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5940 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5941 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE5942 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE5943 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE5944 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE5945 = 5;
+}
+
+enum Enum5946 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5947 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5948 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE5949 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE5950 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE5951 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE5952 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE5953 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE5954 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE5955 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE5956 = 9;
+}
+
+enum Enum5957 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5958 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5959 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE5960 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE5961 = 3;
+}
+
+enum Enum5962 {
+  ENUM_VALUE5963 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE5964 = 1;
+}
+
+enum Enum6025 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6026 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE6027 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE6028 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE6029 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE6030 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE6031 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE6032 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE6033 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE6034 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE6035 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE6036 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE6037 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE6038 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE6039 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE6040 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE6041 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE6042 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE6043 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE6044 = 18;
+  ENUM_VALUE6045 = 19;
+  ENUM_VALUE6046 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE6047 = 21;
+}
+
+enum Enum6111 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6112 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE6113 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE6114 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE6115 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE6116 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE6117 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE6118 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE6119 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE6120 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE6121 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE6122 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE6123 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE6124 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE6125 = 14;
+}
+
+enum Enum6065 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6066 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE6067 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE6068 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE6069 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE6070 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE6071 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE6072 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE6073 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE6074 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE6075 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE6076 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE6077 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE6078 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE6079 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE6080 = 14;
+}
+
+enum Enum6130 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6131 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE6132 = 1;
+}
+
+enum Enum6579 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6580 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE6581 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE6582 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE6583 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE6584 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE6585 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE6586 = 25;
+  ENUM_VALUE6587 = 30;
+}
+
+enum Enum6588 {
+  ENUM_VALUE6589 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE6590 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE6591 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE6592 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE6593 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE6594 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE6595 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE6596 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE6597 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE6598 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE6599 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE6600 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE6601 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE6602 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE6603 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE6604 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE6605 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE6606 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE6607 = 19;
+  ENUM_VALUE6608 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE6609 = 21;
+  ENUM_VALUE6610 = 22;
+  ENUM_VALUE6611 = 23;
+  ENUM_VALUE6612 = 24;
+  ENUM_VALUE6613 = 25;
+  ENUM_VALUE6614 = 26;
+  ENUM_VALUE6615 = 27;
+  ENUM_VALUE6616 = 28;
+  ENUM_VALUE6617 = 29;
+  ENUM_VALUE6618 = 30;
+  ENUM_VALUE6619 = 31;
+  ENUM_VALUE6620 = 32;
+  ENUM_VALUE6621 = 33;
+  ENUM_VALUE6622 = 34;
+}
+
+enum Enum7288 {
+  ENUM_VALUE7289 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE7290 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE7291 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE7292 = 3;
+}
+
+enum Enum7512 {
+  ENUM_VALUE7513 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE7514 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE7515 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE7516 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE7517 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE7518 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE7519 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE7520 = 7;
+}
+
+enum Enum7922 {
+  ENUM_VALUE7923 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE7924 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE7925 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE7926 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE7927 = 5;
+}
+
+enum Enum3476 {
+  ENUM_VALUE3477 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE3478 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE3479 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE3480 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE3481 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE3482 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE3483 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE3484 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE3485 = 8;
+  ENUM_VALUE3486 = 9;
+  ENUM_VALUE3487 = 10;
+  ENUM_VALUE3488 = 11;
+  ENUM_VALUE3489 = 12;
+  ENUM_VALUE3490 = 13;
+  ENUM_VALUE3491 = 14;
+  ENUM_VALUE3492 = 15;
+  ENUM_VALUE3493 = 16;
+  ENUM_VALUE3494 = 17;
+  ENUM_VALUE3495 = 18;
+  ENUM_VALUE3496 = 19;
+  ENUM_VALUE3497 = 20;
+  ENUM_VALUE3498 = 21;
+  ENUM_VALUE3499 = 22;
+  ENUM_VALUE3500 = 23;
+  ENUM_VALUE3501 = 24;
+  ENUM_VALUE3502 = 25;
+  ENUM_VALUE3503 = 26;
+  ENUM_VALUE3504 = 27;
+  ENUM_VALUE3505 = 28;
+  ENUM_VALUE3506 = 29;
+  ENUM_VALUE3507 = 30;
+  ENUM_VALUE3508 = 31;
+  ENUM_VALUE3509 = 32;
+  ENUM_VALUE3510 = 33;
+  ENUM_VALUE3511 = 34;
+  ENUM_VALUE3512 = 35;
+  ENUM_VALUE3513 = 36;
+  ENUM_VALUE3514 = 37;
+  ENUM_VALUE3515 = 38;
+  ENUM_VALUE3516 = 39;
+  ENUM_VALUE3517 = 40;
+  ENUM_VALUE3518 = 41;
+  ENUM_VALUE3519 = 42;
+  ENUM_VALUE3520 = 43;
+  ENUM_VALUE3521 = 44;
+  ENUM_VALUE3522 = 45;
+  ENUM_VALUE3523 = 46;
+  ENUM_VALUE3524 = 47;
+  ENUM_VALUE3525 = 48;
+  ENUM_VALUE3526 = 49;
+  ENUM_VALUE3527 = 50;
+  ENUM_VALUE3528 = 51;
+  ENUM_VALUE3529 = 52;
+  ENUM_VALUE3530 = 53;
+  ENUM_VALUE3531 = 54;
+  ENUM_VALUE3532 = 55;
+  ENUM_VALUE3533 = 56;
+  ENUM_VALUE3534 = 57;
+  ENUM_VALUE3535 = 58;
+  ENUM_VALUE3536 = 59;
+  ENUM_VALUE3537 = 60;
+  ENUM_VALUE3538 = 61;
+  ENUM_VALUE3539 = 62;
+  ENUM_VALUE3540 = 63;
+  ENUM_VALUE3541 = 64;
+  ENUM_VALUE3542 = 65;
+  ENUM_VALUE3543 = 66;
+  ENUM_VALUE3544 = 67;
+  ENUM_VALUE3545 = 68;
+  ENUM_VALUE3546 = 69;
+  ENUM_VALUE3547 = 70;
+  ENUM_VALUE3548 = 71;
+  ENUM_VALUE3549 = 72;
+  ENUM_VALUE3550 = 73;
+  ENUM_VALUE3551 = 74;
+  ENUM_VALUE3552 = 75;
+  ENUM_VALUE3553 = 76;
+  ENUM_VALUE3554 = 77;
+  ENUM_VALUE3555 = 78;
+  ENUM_VALUE3556 = 79;
+  ENUM_VALUE3557 = 80;
+  ENUM_VALUE3558 = 81;
+  ENUM_VALUE3559 = 82;
+  ENUM_VALUE3560 = 83;
+  ENUM_VALUE3561 = 84;
+  ENUM_VALUE3562 = 85;
+  ENUM_VALUE3563 = 86;
+  ENUM_VALUE3564 = 87;
+  ENUM_VALUE3565 = 88;
+  ENUM_VALUE3566 = 89;
+  ENUM_VALUE3567 = 90;
+  ENUM_VALUE3568 = 91;
+  ENUM_VALUE3569 = 92;
+  ENUM_VALUE3570 = 93;
+  ENUM_VALUE3571 = 94;
+  ENUM_VALUE3572 = 95;
+  ENUM_VALUE3573 = 96;
+  ENUM_VALUE3574 = 97;
+  ENUM_VALUE3575 = 98;
+  ENUM_VALUE3576 = 99;
+  ENUM_VALUE3577 = 100;
+  ENUM_VALUE3578 = 101;
+  ENUM_VALUE3579 = 102;
+  ENUM_VALUE3580 = 103;
+  ENUM_VALUE3581 = 104;
+  ENUM_VALUE3582 = 105;
+  ENUM_VALUE3583 = 106;
+  ENUM_VALUE3584 = 107;
+  ENUM_VALUE3585 = 108;
+  ENUM_VALUE3586 = 109;
+  ENUM_VALUE3587 = 110;
+  ENUM_VALUE3588 = 111;
+  ENUM_VALUE3589 = 112;
+  ENUM_VALUE3590 = 113;
+  ENUM_VALUE3591 = 114;
+  ENUM_VALUE3592 = 115;
+  ENUM_VALUE3593 = 116;
+  ENUM_VALUE3594 = 117;
+  ENUM_VALUE3595 = 118;
+  ENUM_VALUE3596 = 119;
+  ENUM_VALUE3597 = 120;
+  ENUM_VALUE3598 = 121;
+  ENUM_VALUE3599 = 122;
+  ENUM_VALUE3600 = 123;
+  ENUM_VALUE3601 = 124;
+  ENUM_VALUE3602 = 125;
+  ENUM_VALUE3603 = 126;
+  ENUM_VALUE3604 = 127;
+  ENUM_VALUE3605 = 128;
+  ENUM_VALUE3606 = 129;
+  ENUM_VALUE3607 = 130;
+  ENUM_VALUE3608 = 131;
+  ENUM_VALUE3609 = 132;
+  ENUM_VALUE3610 = 133;
+  ENUM_VALUE3611 = 134;
+  ENUM_VALUE3612 = 135;
+  ENUM_VALUE3613 = 136;
+  ENUM_VALUE3614 = 137;
+  ENUM_VALUE3615 = 138;
+  ENUM_VALUE3616 = 139;
+  ENUM_VALUE3617 = 140;
+  ENUM_VALUE3618 = 141;
+  ENUM_VALUE3619 = 142;
+  ENUM_VALUE3620 = 143;
+  ENUM_VALUE3621 = 144;
+  ENUM_VALUE3622 = 145;
+  ENUM_VALUE3623 = 146;
+  ENUM_VALUE3624 = 147;
+  ENUM_VALUE3625 = 148;
+  ENUM_VALUE3626 = 149;
+  ENUM_VALUE3627 = 150;
+  ENUM_VALUE3628 = 151;
+  ENUM_VALUE3629 = 152;
+  ENUM_VALUE3630 = 153;
+  ENUM_VALUE3631 = 154;
+  ENUM_VALUE3632 = 155;
+  ENUM_VALUE3633 = 156;
+  ENUM_VALUE3634 = 157;
+  ENUM_VALUE3635 = 158;
+  ENUM_VALUE3636 = 159;
+  ENUM_VALUE3637 = 160;
+  ENUM_VALUE3638 = 161;
+  ENUM_VALUE3639 = 162;
+  ENUM_VALUE3640 = 163;
+  ENUM_VALUE3641 = 164;
+  ENUM_VALUE3642 = 165;
+  ENUM_VALUE3643 = 166;
+  ENUM_VALUE3644 = 167;
+  ENUM_VALUE3645 = 168;
+  ENUM_VALUE3646 = 169;
+  ENUM_VALUE3647 = 170;
+  ENUM_VALUE3648 = 171;
+  ENUM_VALUE3649 = 172;
+  ENUM_VALUE3650 = 173;
+  ENUM_VALUE3651 = 174;
+  ENUM_VALUE3652 = 175;
+  ENUM_VALUE3653 = 176;
+  ENUM_VALUE3654 = 177;
+  ENUM_VALUE3655 = 178;
+  ENUM_VALUE3656 = 179;
+  ENUM_VALUE3657 = 180;
+  ENUM_VALUE3658 = 181;
+  ENUM_VALUE3659 = 182;
+  ENUM_VALUE3660 = 183;
+}
+
+enum Enum10325 {
+  ENUM_VALUE10326 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE10327 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE10328 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE10329 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE10330 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE10331 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE10332 = 6;
+  ENUM_VALUE10333 = 7;
+  ENUM_VALUE10334 = 8;
+}
+
+enum Enum10335 {
+  ENUM_VALUE10336 = 0;
+}
+
+enum Enum10337 {
+  ENUM_VALUE10338 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE10339 = 1;
+}
+
+enum Enum11901 {
+  ENUM_VALUE11902 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE11903 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE11904 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE11905 = 3;
+}
+
+enum Enum12735 {
+  ENUM_VALUE12736 = 0;
+  ENUM_VALUE12737 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE12738 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE12739 = 3;
+}
+
+enum Enum12871 {
+  ENUM_VALUE12872 = 1;
+  ENUM_VALUE12873 = 2;
+  ENUM_VALUE12874 = 3;
+  ENUM_VALUE12875 = 4;
+  ENUM_VALUE12876 = 5;
+  ENUM_VALUE12877 = 6;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/download_data.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/download_data.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fa0729e9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/download_data.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+
+curl -O https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf_opensource_benchmark_data/datasets.tar.gz
+tar -zvxf datasets.tar.gz
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/go/go_benchmark_test.go b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/go/go_benchmark_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c741b710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/go/go_benchmark_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	benchmarkWrapper "../tmp"
+	googleMessage1Proto2 "../tmp/datasets/google_message1/proto2"
+	googleMessage1Proto3 "../tmp/datasets/google_message1/proto3"
+	googleMessage2 "../tmp/datasets/google_message2"
+	googleMessage3 "../tmp/datasets/google_message3"
+	googleMessage4 "../tmp/datasets/google_message4"
+	"flag"
+	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// Data is returned by the Load function.
+type Dataset struct {
+	name        string
+	newMessage  func() proto.Message
+	marshaled   [][]byte
+	unmarshaled []proto.Message
+}
+
+var datasets []Dataset
+
+// This is used to getDefaultInstance for a message type.
+func generateNewMessageFunction(dataset benchmarkWrapper.BenchmarkDataset) func() proto.Message {
+	switch dataset.MessageName {
+	case "benchmarks.proto3.GoogleMessage1":
+		return func() proto.Message { return new(googleMessage1Proto3.GoogleMessage1) }
+	case "benchmarks.proto2.GoogleMessage1":
+		return func() proto.Message { return new(googleMessage1Proto2.GoogleMessage1) }
+	case "benchmarks.proto2.GoogleMessage2":
+		return func() proto.Message { return new(googleMessage2.GoogleMessage2) }
+	case "benchmarks.google_message3.GoogleMessage3":
+		return func() proto.Message { return new(googleMessage3.GoogleMessage3) }
+	case "benchmarks.google_message4.GoogleMessage4":
+		return func() proto.Message { return new(googleMessage4.GoogleMessage4) }
+	default:
+		panic("Unknown message type: " + dataset.MessageName)
+	}
+}
+
+func init() {
+	flag.Parse()
+	for _, f := range flag.Args() {
+		// Load the benchmark.
+		b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(f)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		// Parse the benchmark.
+		var dm benchmarkWrapper.BenchmarkDataset
+		if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, &dm); err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		// Determine the concrete protobuf message type to use.
+		var ds Dataset
+		ds.newMessage = generateNewMessageFunction(dm)
+
+		// Unmarshal each test message.
+		for _, payload := range dm.Payload {
+			ds.marshaled = append(ds.marshaled, payload)
+			m := ds.newMessage()
+			if err := proto.Unmarshal(payload, m); err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+			ds.unmarshaled = append(ds.unmarshaled, m)
+		}
+		ds.name = f
+
+		datasets = append(datasets, ds)
+	}
+}
+
+func Benchmark(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, ds := range datasets {
+		b.Run(ds.name, func(b *testing.B) {
+			b.Run("Unmarshal", func(b *testing.B) {
+				for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+					for j, payload := range ds.marshaled {
+						out := ds.newMessage()
+						if err := proto.Unmarshal(payload, out); err != nil {
+							b.Fatalf("can't unmarshal message %d %v", j, err)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			})
+			b.Run("Marshal", func(b *testing.B) {
+				for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+					for j, m := range ds.unmarshaled {
+						if _, err := proto.Marshal(m); err != nil {
+							b.Fatalf("can't marshal message %d %+v: %v", j, m, err)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			})
+			b.Run("Size", func(b *testing.B) {
+				for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+					for _, m := range ds.unmarshaled {
+						proto.Size(m)
+					}
+				}
+			})
+			b.Run("Clone", func(b *testing.B) {
+				for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+					for _, m := range ds.unmarshaled {
+						proto.Clone(m)
+					}
+				}
+			})
+			b.Run("Merge", func(b *testing.B) {
+				for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+					for _, m := range ds.unmarshaled {
+						out := ds.newMessage()
+						proto.Merge(out, m)
+					}
+				}
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/google_size.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/google_size.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2d319f31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/google_size.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package benchmarks;
+
+option java_outer_classname = "GoogleSize";
+option optimize_for = CODE_SIZE;
+
+message SizeMessage1 {
+  required string field1 = 1;
+  optional string field9 = 9;
+  optional string field18 = 18;
+  optional bool field80 = 80 [default=false];
+  optional bool field81 = 81 [default=true];
+  required int32 field2 = 2;
+  required int32 field3 = 3;
+  optional int32 field280 = 280;
+  optional int32 field6 = 6 [default=0];
+  optional int64 field22 = 22;
+  optional string field4 = 4;
+  repeated fixed64 field5 = 5;
+  optional bool field59 = 59 [default=false];
+  optional string field7 = 7;
+  optional int32 field16 = 16;
+  optional int32 field130 = 130 [default=0];
+  optional bool field12 = 12 [default=true];
+  optional bool field17 = 17 [default=true];
+  optional bool field13 = 13 [default=true];
+  optional bool field14 = 14 [default=true];
+  optional int32 field104 = 104 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field100 = 100 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field101 = 101 [default=0];
+  optional string field102 = 102;
+  optional string field103 = 103;
+  optional int32 field29 = 29 [default=0];
+  optional bool field30 = 30 [default=false];
+  optional int32 field60 = 60 [default=-1];
+  optional int32 field271 = 271 [default=-1];
+  optional int32 field272 = 272 [default=-1];
+  optional int32 field150 = 150;
+  optional int32 field23 = 23 [default=0];
+  optional bool field24 = 24 [default=false];
+  optional int32 field25 = 25 [default=0];
+  optional SizeMessage1SubMessage field15 = 15;
+  optional bool field78 = 78;
+  optional int32 field67 = 67 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field68 = 68;
+  optional int32 field128 = 128 [default=0];
+  optional string field129 = 129 [default="xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"];
+  optional int32 field131 = 131 [default=0];
+}
+
+message SizeMessage1SubMessage {
+  optional int32 field1 = 1 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field2 = 2 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field3 = 3 [default=0];
+  optional string field15 = 15;
+  optional bool field12 = 12 [default=true];
+  optional int64 field13 = 13;
+  optional int64 field14 = 14;
+  optional int32 field16 = 16;
+  optional int32 field19 = 19 [default=2];
+  optional bool field20  = 20 [default=true];
+  optional bool field28 = 28 [default=true];
+  optional fixed64 field21 = 21;
+  optional int32 field22 = 22;
+  optional bool field23 = 23 [ default=false ];
+  optional bool field206 = 206 [default=false];
+  optional fixed32 field203 = 203;
+  optional int32 field204 = 204;
+  optional string field205 = 205;
+  optional uint64 field207 = 207;
+  optional uint64 field300 = 300;
+}
+
+message SizeMessage2 {
+  optional string field1 = 1;
+  optional int64 field3 = 3;
+  optional int64 field4 = 4;
+  optional int64 field30 = 30;
+  optional bool field75  = 75 [default=false];
+  optional string field6 = 6;
+  optional bytes field2 = 2;
+  optional int32 field21 = 21 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field71 = 71;
+  optional float field25 = 25;
+  optional int32 field109 = 109 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field210 = 210 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field211 = 211 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field212 = 212 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field213 = 213 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field216 = 216 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field217 = 217 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field218 = 218 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field220 = 220 [default=0];
+  optional int32 field221 = 221 [default=0];
+  optional float field222 = 222 [default=0.0];
+  optional int32 field63 = 63;
+
+  repeated group Group1 = 10 {
+    required float field11 = 11;
+    optional float field26 = 26;
+    optional string field12 = 12;
+    optional string field13 = 13;
+    repeated string field14 = 14;
+    required uint64 field15 = 15;
+    optional int32 field5 = 5;
+    optional string field27 = 27;
+    optional int32 field28 = 28;
+    optional string field29 = 29;
+    optional string field16 = 16;
+    repeated string field22 = 22;
+    repeated int32 field73 = 73;
+    optional int32 field20 = 20 [default=0];
+    optional string field24 = 24;
+    optional SizeMessage2GroupedMessage field31 = 31;
+  }
+  repeated string field128 = 128;
+  optional int64 field131 = 131;
+  repeated string field127 = 127;
+  optional int32 field129 = 129;
+  repeated int64 field130 = 130;
+  optional bool field205 = 205 [default=false];
+  optional bool field206 = 206 [default=false];
+}
+
+message SizeMessage2GroupedMessage {
+  optional float field1 = 1;
+  optional float field2 = 2;
+  optional float field3 = 3 [default=0.0];
+  optional bool field4 = 4;
+  optional bool field5 = 5;
+  optional bool field6 = 6 [default=true];
+  optional bool field7 = 7 [default=false];
+  optional float field8 = 8;
+  optional bool field9 = 9;
+  optional float field10 = 10;
+  optional int64 field11 = 11;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/java/pom.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/java/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..570bd6644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/java/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <artifactId>protobuf-java-benchmark</artifactId>
+  <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+  <version>1.0.0</version>
+  <name>Protocol Buffers [Benchmark]</name>
+  <description>The benchmark tools for Protobuf Java.</description>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+      <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
+      <version>${protobuf.version}</version>
+      <type>jar</type>
+      <scope>system</scope>
+      <systemPath>${project.basedir}/lib/protobuf-java.jar</systemPath>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.caliper</groupId>
+      <artifactId>caliper</artifactId>
+      <version>1.0-beta-2</version>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+
+  <build>
+    <pluginManagement>
+      <plugins>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>2.4.1</version>
+          <configuration>
+            <!-- get all project dependencies -->
+            <descriptorRefs>
+              <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
+            </descriptorRefs>
+            <!-- MainClass in mainfest make a executable jar -->
+            <archive>
+              <manifest>
+                <mainClass>com.mkyong.core.utils.App</mainClass>
+              </manifest>
+            </archive>
+          </configuration>
+          <executions>
+            <execution>
+              <id>make-assembly</id>
+              <!-- bind to the packaging phase -->
+              <phase>package</phase>
+              <goals>
+                <goal>single</goal>
+              </goals>
+            </execution>
+          </executions>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>3.5.1</version>
+          <configuration>
+            <source>1.8</source>
+            <target>1.8</target>
+          </configuration>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>2.5</version>
+          <configuration>
+            <archive>
+              <manifest>
+                <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
+                <mainClass>com.google.protocolbuffers.ProtoBench</mainClass>
+              </manifest>
+            </archive>
+          </configuration>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>2.4</version>
+          <executions>
+            <execution>
+              <id>attach-sources</id>
+              <goals>
+                <goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
+              </goals>
+            </execution>
+          </executions>
+        </plugin>
+      </plugins>
+    </pluginManagement>
+  </build>
+</project>
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtoCaliperBenchmark.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtoCaliperBenchmark.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4402481b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtoCaliperBenchmark.java
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.caliper.BeforeExperiment;
+import com.google.caliper.AfterExperiment;
+import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
+import com.google.caliper.Param;
+import com.google.caliper.api.VmOptions;
+import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
+import com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream;
+import com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.Benchmarks.BenchmarkDataset;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+// Caliper set CICompilerCount to 1 for making sure compilation doesn't run in parallel with itself,
+// This makes TieredCompilation not working. We just disable TieredCompilation by default. In master
+// branch this has been disabled by default in caliper:
+// https://github.com/google/caliper/blob/master/caliper-runner/src/main/java/com/google/caliper/runner/target/Jvm.java#L38:14
+// But this haven't been added into most recent release.
+@VmOptions("-XX:-TieredCompilation")
+public class ProtoCaliperBenchmark {
+  public enum BenchmarkMessageType {
+    GOOGLE_MESSAGE1_PROTO3 {
+      @Override ExtensionRegistry getExtensionRegistry() { return ExtensionRegistry.newInstance(); }
+      @Override
+      Message getDefaultInstance() {
+        return com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage1Proto3.GoogleMessage1
+            .getDefaultInstance();
+      }
+    },
+    GOOGLE_MESSAGE1_PROTO2 {
+      @Override ExtensionRegistry getExtensionRegistry() { return ExtensionRegistry.newInstance(); }
+      @Override
+      Message getDefaultInstance() {
+        return com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage1Proto2.GoogleMessage1
+            .getDefaultInstance();
+      }
+    },
+    GOOGLE_MESSAGE2 {
+      @Override ExtensionRegistry getExtensionRegistry() { return ExtensionRegistry.newInstance(); }
+      @Override
+      Message getDefaultInstance() {
+        return com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage2.GoogleMessage2.getDefaultInstance();
+      }
+    },
+    GOOGLE_MESSAGE3 {
+      @Override
+      ExtensionRegistry getExtensionRegistry() {
+        ExtensionRegistry extensions = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+        com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage38.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+        com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage37.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+        com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage36.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+        com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage35.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+        com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage34.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+        com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage33.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+        com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage32.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+        com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage31.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+        com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage3.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+        return extensions;
+      }
+      @Override
+      Message getDefaultInstance() {
+        return com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage3.GoogleMessage3.getDefaultInstance();
+      }
+    },
+    GOOGLE_MESSAGE4 {
+      @Override
+      ExtensionRegistry getExtensionRegistry() {
+        ExtensionRegistry extensions = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+        com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage43.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+        com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage42.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+        com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage41.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+        com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage4.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+        return extensions;
+      }
+      @Override
+      Message getDefaultInstance() {
+        return com.google.protobuf.benchmarks.BenchmarkMessage4.GoogleMessage4.getDefaultInstance();
+      }
+    };
+
+    abstract ExtensionRegistry getExtensionRegistry();
+    abstract Message getDefaultInstance();
+  }
+
+  private BenchmarkMessageType benchmarkMessageType;
+  @Param("")
+  private String dataFile;
+
+  private byte[] inputData;
+  private BenchmarkDataset benchmarkDataset;
+  private Message defaultMessage;
+  private ExtensionRegistry extensions;
+  private List<byte[]> inputDataList;
+  private List<ByteArrayInputStream> inputStreamList;
+  private List<ByteString> inputStringList;
+  private List<Message> sampleMessageList;
+
+  private BenchmarkMessageType getMessageType() throws IOException {
+    if (benchmarkDataset.getMessageName().equals("benchmarks.proto3.GoogleMessage1")) {
+      return BenchmarkMessageType.GOOGLE_MESSAGE1_PROTO3;
+    } else if (benchmarkDataset.getMessageName().equals("benchmarks.proto2.GoogleMessage1")) {
+      return BenchmarkMessageType.GOOGLE_MESSAGE1_PROTO2;
+    } else if (benchmarkDataset.getMessageName().equals("benchmarks.proto2.GoogleMessage2")) {
+      return BenchmarkMessageType.GOOGLE_MESSAGE2;
+    } else if (benchmarkDataset.getMessageName().
+        equals("benchmarks.google_message3.GoogleMessage3")) {
+      return BenchmarkMessageType.GOOGLE_MESSAGE3;
+    } else if (benchmarkDataset.getMessageName().
+        equals("benchmarks.google_message4.GoogleMessage4")) {
+      return BenchmarkMessageType.GOOGLE_MESSAGE4;
+    } else {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid DataFile! There's no testing message named "
+          + benchmarkDataset.getMessageName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @BeforeExperiment
+  void setUp() throws IOException {
+    if (!dataFile.equals("")) {
+      RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile(new File(dataFile), "r");
+      inputData = new byte[(int) file.length()];
+      file.readFully(inputData);
+      benchmarkDataset = BenchmarkDataset.parseFrom(inputData);
+      benchmarkMessageType = getMessageType();
+    } else {
+      inputData = new byte[0];
+      benchmarkDataset = BenchmarkDataset.parseFrom(inputData);
+      benchmarkMessageType = BenchmarkMessageType.GOOGLE_MESSAGE2;
+    }
+    defaultMessage = benchmarkMessageType.getDefaultInstance();
+    extensions = benchmarkMessageType.getExtensionRegistry();
+    inputDataList = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
+    inputStreamList = new ArrayList<ByteArrayInputStream>();
+    inputStringList = new ArrayList<ByteString>();
+    sampleMessageList = new ArrayList<Message>();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < benchmarkDataset.getPayloadCount(); i++) {
+      byte[] singleInputData = benchmarkDataset.getPayload(i).toByteArray();
+      inputDataList.add(benchmarkDataset.getPayload(i).toByteArray());
+      inputStreamList.add(new ByteArrayInputStream(
+          benchmarkDataset.getPayload(i).toByteArray()));
+      inputStringList.add(benchmarkDataset.getPayload(i));
+      sampleMessageList.add(
+          defaultMessage.newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(singleInputData, extensions).build());
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  @Benchmark
+  void serializeToByteArray(int reps) throws IOException {
+    if (sampleMessageList.size() == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < sampleMessageList.size(); j++) {
+        sampleMessageList.get(j).toByteArray();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Benchmark
+  void serializeToMemoryStream(int reps) throws IOException {
+    if (sampleMessageList.size() == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < sampleMessageList.size(); j++) {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        sampleMessageList.get(j).writeTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Benchmark
+  void deserializeFromByteArray(int reps) throws IOException {
+    if (inputDataList.size() == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < inputDataList.size(); j++) {
+        benchmarkMessageType.getDefaultInstance().getParserForType().parseFrom(
+          inputDataList.get(j), extensions);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Benchmark
+  void deserializeFromMemoryStream(int reps) throws IOException {
+    if (inputStreamList.size() == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < inputStreamList.size(); j++) {
+        benchmarkMessageType.getDefaultInstance().getParserForType().parseFrom(
+            inputStreamList.get(j), extensions);
+        inputStreamList.get(j).reset();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/js/benchmark_suite.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/js/benchmark_suite.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5c3e5105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/js/benchmark_suite.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+var benchmark = require("benchmark");
+
+function newBenchmark(messageName, filename, language) {
+  var benches = [];
+  return {
+    suite: new benchmark.Suite(messageName + filename + language )
+      .on("add", function(event) {
+          benches.push(event.target);
+      })
+      .on("start", function() {
+          process.stdout.write(
+            "benchmarking message " + messageName
+            + " of dataset file " + filename
+            + "'s performance ..." + "\n\n");
+      })
+      .on("cycle", function(event) {
+          process.stdout.write(String(event.target) + "\n");
+      })
+      .on("complete", function() {
+          var getHz = function(bench) {
+            return 1 / (bench.stats.mean + bench.stats.moe);
+          }
+          benches.forEach(function(val, index) {
+            benches[index] = getHz(val);
+          });
+      }),
+     benches: benches
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+        newBenchmark: newBenchmark
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/js/js_benchmark.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/js/js_benchmark.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c44fee01c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/js/js_benchmark.js
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+require('./datasets/google_message1/proto2/benchmark_message1_proto2_pb.js');
+require('./datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3_pb.js');
+require('./datasets/google_message2/benchmark_message2_pb.js');
+require('./datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3_pb.js');
+require('./datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4_pb.js');
+require('./benchmarks_pb.js');
+
+var fs = require('fs');
+var benchmarkSuite = require("./benchmark_suite.js");
+
+
+function getNewPrototype(name) {
+  var message = eval("proto." + name);
+  if (typeof(message) == "undefined") {
+    throw "type " + name + " is undefined";
+  }
+  return message;
+}
+
+var results = [];
+var json_file = "";
+
+console.log("#####################################################");
+console.log("Js Benchmark: ");
+process.argv.forEach(function(filename, index) {
+  if (index < 2) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (filename.indexOf("--json_output") != -1) {
+    json_file = filename.replace(/^--json_output=/, '');
+    return;
+  }
+
+  var benchmarkDataset =
+      proto.benchmarks.BenchmarkDataset.deserializeBinary(fs.readFileSync(filename));
+  var messageList = [];
+  var totalBytes = 0;
+  benchmarkDataset.getPayloadList().forEach(function(onePayload) {
+    var message = getNewPrototype(benchmarkDataset.getMessageName());
+    messageList.push(message.deserializeBinary(onePayload));
+    totalBytes += onePayload.length;
+  });
+
+  var senarios = benchmarkSuite.newBenchmark(
+      benchmarkDataset.getMessageName(), filename, "js");
+  senarios.suite
+  .add("js deserialize", function() {
+    benchmarkDataset.getPayloadList().forEach(function(onePayload) {
+      var protoType = getNewPrototype(benchmarkDataset.getMessageName());
+      protoType.deserializeBinary(onePayload);
+    });
+  })
+  .add("js serialize", function() {
+    var protoType = getNewPrototype(benchmarkDataset.getMessageName());
+    messageList.forEach(function(message) {
+      message.serializeBinary();
+    });
+  })
+  .run({"Async": false});
+
+  results.push({
+    filename: filename,
+    benchmarks: {
+      protobufjs_decoding: senarios.benches[0] * totalBytes / 1024 / 1024,
+      protobufjs_encoding: senarios.benches[1] * totalBytes / 1024 / 1024
+    }
+  })
+
+  console.log("Throughput for deserialize: "
+    + senarios.benches[0] * totalBytes / 1024 / 1024 + "MB/s" );
+  console.log("Throughput for serialize: "
+    + senarios.benches[1] * totalBytes / 1024 / 1024 + "MB/s" );
+  console.log("");
+});
+console.log("#####################################################");
+
+if (json_file != "") {
+  fs.writeFile(json_file, JSON.stringify(results), (err) => {
+    if (err) throw err;
+  });
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/php/PhpBenchmark.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/php/PhpBenchmark.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3db61d24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/php/PhpBenchmark.php
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Benchmark;
+ini_set('memory_limit', '4096M');
+
+const NAME = "PhpBenchmark.php";
+
+function _require_all($dir, &$prefix) {
+    // require all php files
+    foreach (glob("$dir/*") as $path) {
+        if (preg_match('/\.php$/', $path) &&
+            substr($path, -strlen(NAME)) != NAME) {
+                require_once(substr($path, strlen($prefix) + 1));
+            } elseif (is_dir($path)) {
+                _require_all($path, $prefix);
+            }
+    }
+}
+// include all file
+foreach (explode(PATH_SEPARATOR, get_include_path()) as $one_include_path) {
+    _require_all($one_include_path, $one_include_path);
+}
+
+use Benchmarks\BenchmarkDataset;
+
+class BenchmarkMethod
+{
+    // $args[0]: dataset
+    // $args[1]: message class
+    static function parse(&$args) {
+        $payloads = $args[0]->getPayload();
+        for ($i = $payloads->count() - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
+            (new $args[1]())->mergeFromString($payloads->offsetGet($i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // $args: array of message
+    static function serialize(&$args) {
+        foreach ($args as &$temp_message) {
+            $temp_message->serializeToString();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+class Benchmark
+{
+    private $benchmark_name;
+    private $args;
+    private $benchmark_time;
+    private $total_bytes;
+    private $coefficient;
+
+    public function __construct($benchmark_name, $args, $total_bytes,
+        $benchmark_time = 5.0) {
+            $this->args = $args;
+            $this->benchmark_name = $benchmark_name;
+            $this->benchmark_time = $benchmark_time;
+            $this->total_bytes = $total_bytes;
+            $this->coefficient = pow (10, 0) / pow(2, 20);
+    }
+
+    public function runBenchmark() {
+        $t = $this->runBenchmarkWithTimes(1);
+        $times = ceil($this->benchmark_time / $t);
+        return $this->total_bytes * $times /
+        ($times == 1 ? $t : $this->runBenchmarkWithTimes($times)) *
+        $this->coefficient;
+    }
+
+    private function runBenchmarkWithTimes($times) {
+        $st = microtime(true);
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $times; $i++) {
+            call_user_func_array($this->benchmark_name, array(&$this->args));
+        }
+        $en = microtime(true);
+        return $en - $st;
+    }
+}
+
+function getMessageName(&$dataset) {
+    switch ($dataset->getMessageName()) {
+        case "benchmarks.proto3.GoogleMessage1":
+            return "\Benchmarks\Proto3\GoogleMessage1";
+        case "benchmarks.proto2.GoogleMessage1":
+            return "\Benchmarks\Proto2\GoogleMessage1";
+        case "benchmarks.proto2.GoogleMessage2":
+            return "\Benchmarks\Proto2\GoogleMessage2";
+        case "benchmarks.google_message3.GoogleMessage3":
+            return "\Benchmarks\Google_message3\GoogleMessage3";
+        case "benchmarks.google_message4.GoogleMessage4":
+            return "\Benchmarks\Google_message4\GoogleMessage4";
+        default:
+            exit("Message " . $dataset->getMessageName() . " not found !");
+    }
+}
+
+function runBenchmark($file, $behavior_prefix) {
+    $datafile = fopen($file, "r") or die("Unable to open file " . $file);
+    $bytes = fread($datafile, filesize($file));
+    $dataset = new BenchmarkDataset(NULL);
+    $dataset->mergeFromString($bytes);
+    $message_name = getMessageName($dataset);
+    $message_list = array();
+    $total_bytes = 0;
+    $payloads = $dataset->getPayload();
+    for ($i = $payloads->count() - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
+        $new_message = new $message_name();
+        $new_message->mergeFromString($payloads->offsetGet($i));
+        array_push($message_list, $new_message);
+        $total_bytes += strlen($payloads->offsetGet($i));
+    }
+
+    $parse_benchmark = new Benchmark(
+        "\Google\Protobuf\Benchmark\BenchmarkMethod::parse",
+        array($dataset, $message_name), $total_bytes);
+    $serialize_benchmark = new Benchmark(
+        "\Google\Protobuf\Benchmark\BenchmarkMethod::serialize",
+        $message_list, $total_bytes);
+
+    return array(
+        "filename" => $file,
+        "benchmarks" => array(
+            $behavior_prefix . "_parse" => $parse_benchmark->runBenchmark(),
+            $behavior_prefix . "_serailize" => $serialize_benchmark->runBenchmark()
+        ),
+        "message_name" => $dataset->getMessageName()
+    );
+}
+
+// main
+$json_output = false;
+$results = array();
+$behavior_prefix = "";
+
+foreach ($argv as $index => $arg) {
+    if ($index == 0) {
+        continue;
+    }
+    if ($arg == "--json") {
+        $json_output = true;
+    } else if (strpos($arg, "--behavior_prefix") == 0) {
+        $behavior_prefix = str_replace("--behavior_prefix=", "", $arg);
+    }
+}
+
+foreach ($argv as $index => $arg) {
+    if ($index == 0) {
+        continue;
+    }
+    if (substr($arg, 0, 2) == "--") {
+        continue;
+    } else {
+        array_push($results, runBenchmark($arg, $behavior_prefix));
+    }
+}
+
+if ($json_output) {
+    print json_encode($results);
+} else {
+    print "PHP protobuf benchmark result:\n\n";
+    foreach ($results as $result) {
+        printf("result for test data file: %s\n", $result["filename"]);
+        foreach ($result["benchmarks"] as $benchmark => $throughput) {
+            printf("   Throughput for benchmark %s: %.2f MB/s\n",
+                $benchmark, $throughput);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+?>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/php/autoload.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/php/autoload.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52a8741f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/php/autoload.php
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+define("GOOGLE_INTERNAL_NAMESPACE", "Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\");
+define("GOOGLE_NAMESPACE", "Google\\Protobuf\\");
+define("GOOGLE_GPBMETADATA_NAMESPACE", "GPBMetadata\\Google\\Protobuf\\");
+define("BENCHMARK_NAMESPACE", "Benchmarks");
+define("BENCHMARK_GPBMETADATA_NAMESPACE", "GPBMetadata\\Benchmarks");
+
+function protobuf_autoloader_impl($class, $prefix, $include_path) {
+    $length = strlen($prefix);
+    if ((substr($class, 0, $length) === $prefix)) {
+        $path = $include_path . '/' . implode('/', array_map('ucwords', explode('\\', $class))) . '.php';
+        include_once $path;
+    }
+}
+
+function protobuf_autoloader($class) {
+    protobuf_autoloader_impl($class, GOOGLE_INTERNAL_NAMESPACE, getenv('PROTOBUF_PHP_SRCDIR'));
+    protobuf_autoloader_impl($class, GOOGLE_NAMESPACE, getenv('PROTOBUF_PHP_SRCDIR'));
+    protobuf_autoloader_impl($class, GOOGLE_GPBMETADATA_NAMESPACE, getenv('PROTOBUF_PHP_SRCDIR'));
+    protobuf_autoloader_impl($class, BENCHMARK_NAMESPACE, getenv('CURRENT_DIR'));
+    protobuf_autoloader_impl($class, BENCHMARK_GPBMETADATA_NAMESPACE, getenv('CURRENT_DIR'));
+}
+
+spl_autoload_register('protobuf_autoloader');
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/protobuf.js/generate_pbjs_files.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/protobuf.js/generate_pbjs_files.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11945bf9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/protobuf.js/generate_pbjs_files.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+var pbjs = require("./protobuf.js/cli").pbjs
+
+var argv = [];
+var protoFiles = [];
+var prefix = "";
+process.argv.forEach(function(val, index) {
+  var arg = val;
+  if (arg.length > 6 && arg.substring(arg.length - 6) == ".proto") {
+    protoFiles.push(arg);
+  } else if (arg.length > 15 && arg.substring(0, 15) ==  "--include_path=") {
+    prefix = arg.substring(15);
+  } else if (index >= 2) {
+    argv.push(arg);
+  }
+});
+protoFiles.forEach(function(val) {
+  argv.push(prefix + "/" + val);
+});
+
+pbjs.main(argv, function(err, output){
+  if (err) {
+    console.log(err);
+  }
+});
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/protobuf.js/protobufjs_benchmark.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/protobuf.js/protobufjs_benchmark.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19e54972b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/protobuf.js/protobufjs_benchmark.js
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+var root = require("./generated_bundle_code.js");
+var fs = require('fs');
+var benchmark = require("./node_modules/benchmark");
+var benchmarkSuite = require("./benchmark_suite.js");
+
+
+function getNewPrototype(name) {
+  var message = eval("root." + name);
+  if (typeof(message) == "undefined") {
+    throw "type " + name + " is undefined";
+  }
+  return message;
+}
+
+
+var results = [];
+
+console.log("#####################################################");
+console.log("ProtobufJs Benchmark: ");
+process.argv.forEach(function(filename, index) {
+  if (index < 2) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var benchmarkDataset =
+      root.benchmarks.BenchmarkDataset.decode(fs.readFileSync(filename));
+  var messageList = [];
+  var totalBytes = 0;
+  benchmarkDataset.payload.forEach(function(onePayload) {
+    var message = getNewPrototype(benchmarkDataset.messageName);
+    messageList.push(message.decode(onePayload));
+    totalBytes += onePayload.length;
+  });
+
+  var senarios = benchmarkSuite.newBenchmark(
+    benchmarkDataset.messageName, filename, "protobufjs");
+  senarios.suite
+  .add("protobuf.js static decoding", function() {
+    benchmarkDataset.payload.forEach(function(onePayload) {
+      var protoType = getNewPrototype(benchmarkDataset.messageName);
+      protoType.decode(onePayload);
+    });
+  })
+  .add("protobuf.js static encoding", function() {
+    var protoType = getNewPrototype(benchmarkDataset.messageName);
+    messageList.forEach(function(message) {
+      protoType.encode(message).finish();
+    });
+  })
+  .run({"Async": false});
+
+  results.push({
+    filename: filename,
+    benchmarks: {
+      protobufjs_decoding: senarios.benches[0] * totalBytes,
+      protobufjs_encoding: senarios.benches[1] * totalBytes
+    }
+  })
+
+  console.log("Throughput for decoding: "
+    + senarios.benches[0] * totalBytes / 1024 / 1024 + "MB/s" );
+  console.log("Throughput for encoding: "
+    + senarios.benches[1] * totalBytes / 1024 / 1024 + "MB/s" );
+  console.log("");
+});
+console.log("#####################################################");
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/python/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/python/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/python/py_benchmark.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/python/py_benchmark.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..60e377e4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/python/py_benchmark.py
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+from __future__ import print_function
+import sys
+import os
+import timeit
+import math
+import argparse
+import fnmatch
+import json
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Python protobuf benchmark")
+parser.add_argument("data_files", metavar="dataFile", nargs="+",
+                    help="testing data files.")
+parser.add_argument("--json", action="store_const", dest="json",
+                    const="yes", default="no",
+                    help="Whether to output json results")
+parser.add_argument("--behavior_prefix", dest="behavior_prefix",
+                    help="The output json format's behavior's name's prefix",
+                    default="")
+# BEGIN CPP GENERATED MESSAGE
+parser.add_argument("--cpp_generated", action="store_const",
+                    dest="cpp_generated", const="yes", default="no",
+                    help="Whether to link generated code library")
+# END CPP GENERATED MESSAGE
+args = parser.parse_args()
+# BEGIN CPP GENERATED MESSAGE
+# CPP generated code must be linked before importing the generated Python code
+# for the descriptor can be found in the pool
+if args.cpp_generated != "no":
+  sys.path.append( os.path.dirname( os.path.dirname( os.path.abspath(__file__) ) ) + "/.libs" )
+  import libbenchmark_messages
+  sys.path.append( os.path.dirname( os.path.dirname( os.path.abspath(__file__) ) ) + "/tmp" )
+# END CPP GENERATED MESSAGE
+
+
+import datasets.google_message1.proto2.benchmark_message1_proto2_pb2 as benchmark_message1_proto2_pb2
+import datasets.google_message1.proto3.benchmark_message1_proto3_pb2 as benchmark_message1_proto3_pb2
+import datasets.google_message2.benchmark_message2_pb2 as benchmark_message2_pb2
+import datasets.google_message3.benchmark_message3_pb2 as benchmark_message3_pb2
+import datasets.google_message4.benchmark_message4_pb2 as benchmark_message4_pb2
+import benchmarks_pb2 as benchmarks_pb2
+
+
+def run_one_test(filename):
+  data = open(filename, "rb").read()
+  benchmark_dataset = benchmarks_pb2.BenchmarkDataset()
+  benchmark_dataset.ParseFromString(data)
+  total_bytes = 0
+  for payload in benchmark_dataset.payload:
+    total_bytes += len(payload)
+  benchmark_util = Benchmark(full_iteration=len(benchmark_dataset.payload),
+                             module="py_benchmark",
+                             setup_method="init",
+                             total_bytes=total_bytes)
+  result={}
+  result["filename"] =  filename
+  result["message_name"] =  benchmark_dataset.message_name
+  result["benchmarks"] = {}
+  benchmark_util.set_test_method("parse_from_benchmark")
+  result["benchmarks"][args.behavior_prefix + "_parse_from_benchmark"] = \
+    benchmark_util.run_benchmark(setup_method_args='"%s"' % (filename))
+  benchmark_util.set_test_method("serialize_to_benchmark")
+  result["benchmarks"][args.behavior_prefix + "_serialize_to_benchmark"] = \
+    benchmark_util.run_benchmark(setup_method_args='"%s"' % (filename))
+  return result
+
+
+def init(filename):
+  global benchmark_dataset, message_class, message_list, counter, total_bytes
+  message_list=[]
+  counter = 0
+  total_bytes = 0
+  data = open(filename, "rb").read()
+  benchmark_dataset = benchmarks_pb2.BenchmarkDataset()
+  benchmark_dataset.ParseFromString(data)
+
+  if benchmark_dataset.message_name == "benchmarks.proto3.GoogleMessage1":
+    message_class = benchmark_message1_proto3_pb2.GoogleMessage1
+  elif benchmark_dataset.message_name == "benchmarks.proto2.GoogleMessage1":
+    message_class = benchmark_message1_proto2_pb2.GoogleMessage1
+  elif benchmark_dataset.message_name == "benchmarks.proto2.GoogleMessage2":
+    message_class = benchmark_message2_pb2.GoogleMessage2
+  elif benchmark_dataset.message_name == "benchmarks.google_message3.GoogleMessage3":
+    message_class = benchmark_message3_pb2.GoogleMessage3
+  elif benchmark_dataset.message_name == "benchmarks.google_message4.GoogleMessage4":
+    message_class = benchmark_message4_pb2.GoogleMessage4
+  else:
+    raise IOError("Message %s not found!" % (benchmark_dataset.message_name))
+
+  for one_payload in benchmark_dataset.payload:
+    temp = message_class()
+    temp.ParseFromString(one_payload)
+    message_list.append(temp)
+    total_bytes += len(one_payload)
+
+
+def parse_from_benchmark():
+  global counter, message_class, benchmark_dataset
+  m = message_class().ParseFromString(benchmark_dataset.payload[counter % len(benchmark_dataset.payload)])
+  counter = counter + 1
+
+
+def serialize_to_benchmark():
+  global counter, message_list, message_class
+  s = message_list[counter % len(benchmark_dataset.payload)].SerializeToString()
+  counter = counter + 1
+
+
+class Benchmark:
+  def __init__(self, module=None, test_method=None,
+               setup_method=None, total_bytes=None, full_iteration = 1):
+    self.full_iteration = full_iteration
+    self.module = module
+    self.test_method = test_method
+    self.setup_method = setup_method
+    self.total_bytes = total_bytes
+
+  def set_test_method(self, test_method):
+    self.test_method = test_method
+
+  def full_setup_code(self, setup_method_args=''):
+    setup_code = ""
+    setup_code += "from %s import %s\n" % (self.module, self.test_method)
+    setup_code += "from %s import %s\n" % (self.module, self.setup_method)
+    setup_code += "%s(%s)\n" % (self.setup_method, setup_method_args)
+    return setup_code
+
+  def dry_run(self, test_method_args='', setup_method_args=''):
+    return timeit.timeit(stmt="%s(%s)" % (self.test_method, test_method_args),
+                         setup=self.full_setup_code(setup_method_args),
+                         number=self.full_iteration);
+
+  def run_benchmark(self, test_method_args='', setup_method_args=''):
+    reps = self.full_iteration;
+    t = self.dry_run(test_method_args, setup_method_args);
+    if t < 3 :
+      reps = int(math.ceil(3 / t)) * self.full_iteration
+    if reps != self.full_iteration:
+        t = timeit.timeit(stmt="%s(%s)" % (self.test_method, test_method_args),
+                          setup=self.full_setup_code(setup_method_args),
+                          number=reps);
+    return self.total_bytes * 1.0 / 2 ** 20 / (1.0 * t / reps * self.full_iteration)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  results = []
+  for file in args.data_files:
+    results.append(run_one_test(file))
+
+  if args.json != "no":
+    print(json.dumps(results))
+  else:
+    for result in results:
+      print("Message %s of dataset file %s" % \
+          (result["message_name"], result["filename"]))
+      print("Average throughput for parse_from_benchmark: %.2f MB/s" % \
+          (result["benchmarks"][ \
+                      args.behavior_prefix + "_parse_from_benchmark"]))
+      print("Average throughput for serialize_to_benchmark: %.2f MB/s" % \
+          (result["benchmarks"][ \
+                      args.behavior_prefix + "_serialize_to_benchmark"]))
+      print("")
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/python/python_benchmark_messages.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/python/python_benchmark_messages.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ded16fe96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/python/python_benchmark_messages.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include "benchmarks.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message1/proto2/benchmark_message1_proto2.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message2/benchmark_message2.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4.pb.h"
+
+static PyMethodDef python_benchmark_methods[] = {
+    {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}        /* Sentinel */
+};
+
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC
+initlibbenchmark_messages() {
+  benchmarks::BenchmarkDataset().descriptor();
+  benchmarks::proto3::GoogleMessage1().descriptor();
+  benchmarks::proto2::GoogleMessage1().descriptor();
+  benchmarks::proto2::GoogleMessage2().descriptor();
+  benchmarks::google_message3::GoogleMessage3().descriptor();
+  benchmarks::google_message4::GoogleMessage4().descriptor();
+
+  PyObject *m;
+
+  m = Py_InitModule("libbenchmark_messages", python_benchmark_methods);
+  if (m == NULL)
+      return;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/big_query_utils.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/big_query_utils.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aea55bbd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/big_query_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+import argparse
+import json
+import uuid
+import httplib2
+
+from apiclient import discovery
+from apiclient.errors import HttpError
+from oauth2client.client import GoogleCredentials
+
+# 30 days in milliseconds
+_EXPIRATION_MS = 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+NUM_RETRIES = 3
+
+
+def create_big_query():
+    """Authenticates with cloud platform and gets a BiqQuery service object
+  """
+    creds = GoogleCredentials.get_application_default()
+    return discovery.build(
+        'bigquery', 'v2', credentials=creds, cache_discovery=False)
+
+
+def create_dataset(biq_query, project_id, dataset_id):
+    is_success = True
+    body = {
+        'datasetReference': {
+            'projectId': project_id,
+            'datasetId': dataset_id
+        }
+    }
+
+    try:
+        dataset_req = biq_query.datasets().insert(
+            projectId=project_id, body=body)
+        dataset_req.execute(num_retries=NUM_RETRIES)
+    except HttpError as http_error:
+        if http_error.resp.status == 409:
+            print('Warning: The dataset %s already exists' % dataset_id)
+        else:
+            # Note: For more debugging info, print "http_error.content"
+            print('Error in creating dataset: %s. Err: %s' % (dataset_id,
+                                                              http_error))
+            is_success = False
+    return is_success
+
+
+def create_table(big_query, project_id, dataset_id, table_id, table_schema,
+                 description):
+    fields = [{
+        'name': field_name,
+        'type': field_type,
+        'description': field_description
+    } for (field_name, field_type, field_description) in table_schema]
+    return create_table2(big_query, project_id, dataset_id, table_id, fields,
+                         description)
+
+
+def create_partitioned_table(big_query,
+                             project_id,
+                             dataset_id,
+                             table_id,
+                             table_schema,
+                             description,
+                             partition_type='DAY',
+                             expiration_ms=_EXPIRATION_MS):
+    """Creates a partitioned table. By default, a date-paritioned table is created with
+  each partition lasting 30 days after it was last modified.
+  """
+    fields = [{
+        'name': field_name,
+        'type': field_type,
+        'description': field_description
+    } for (field_name, field_type, field_description) in table_schema]
+    return create_table2(big_query, project_id, dataset_id, table_id, fields,
+                         description, partition_type, expiration_ms)
+
+
+def create_table2(big_query,
+                  project_id,
+                  dataset_id,
+                  table_id,
+                  fields_schema,
+                  description,
+                  partition_type=None,
+                  expiration_ms=None):
+    is_success = True
+
+    body = {
+        'description': description,
+        'schema': {
+            'fields': fields_schema
+        },
+        'tableReference': {
+            'datasetId': dataset_id,
+            'projectId': project_id,
+            'tableId': table_id
+        }
+    }
+
+    if partition_type and expiration_ms:
+        body["timePartitioning"] = {
+            "type": partition_type,
+            "expirationMs": expiration_ms
+        }
+
+    try:
+        table_req = big_query.tables().insert(
+            projectId=project_id, datasetId=dataset_id, body=body)
+        res = table_req.execute(num_retries=NUM_RETRIES)
+        print('Successfully created %s "%s"' % (res['kind'], res['id']))
+    except HttpError as http_error:
+        if http_error.resp.status == 409:
+            print('Warning: Table %s already exists' % table_id)
+        else:
+            print('Error in creating table: %s. Err: %s' % (table_id,
+                                                            http_error))
+            is_success = False
+    return is_success
+
+
+def patch_table(big_query, project_id, dataset_id, table_id, fields_schema):
+    is_success = True
+
+    body = {
+        'schema': {
+            'fields': fields_schema
+        },
+        'tableReference': {
+            'datasetId': dataset_id,
+            'projectId': project_id,
+            'tableId': table_id
+        }
+    }
+
+    try:
+        table_req = big_query.tables().patch(
+            projectId=project_id,
+            datasetId=dataset_id,
+            tableId=table_id,
+            body=body)
+        res = table_req.execute(num_retries=NUM_RETRIES)
+        print('Successfully patched %s "%s"' % (res['kind'], res['id']))
+    except HttpError as http_error:
+        print('Error in creating table: %s. Err: %s' % (table_id, http_error))
+        is_success = False
+    return is_success
+
+
+def insert_rows(big_query, project_id, dataset_id, table_id, rows_list):
+    is_success = True
+    body = {'rows': rows_list}
+    try:
+        insert_req = big_query.tabledata().insertAll(
+            projectId=project_id,
+            datasetId=dataset_id,
+            tableId=table_id,
+            body=body)
+        res = insert_req.execute(num_retries=NUM_RETRIES)
+        if res.get('insertErrors', None):
+            print('Error inserting rows! Response: %s' % res)
+            is_success = False
+    except HttpError as http_error:
+        print('Error inserting rows to the table %s' % table_id)
+        is_success = False
+
+    return is_success
+
+
+def sync_query_job(big_query, project_id, query, timeout=5000):
+    query_data = {'query': query, 'timeoutMs': timeout}
+    query_job = None
+    try:
+        query_job = big_query.jobs().query(
+            projectId=project_id,
+            body=query_data).execute(num_retries=NUM_RETRIES)
+    except HttpError as http_error:
+        print('Query execute job failed with error: %s' % http_error)
+        print(http_error.content)
+    return query_job
+
+
+    # List of (column name, column type, description) tuples
+def make_row(unique_row_id, row_values_dict):
+    """row_values_dict is a dictionary of column name and column value.
+  """
+    return {'insertId': unique_row_id, 'json': row_values_dict}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/data_proto2_to_proto3_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/data_proto2_to_proto3_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5eea85090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/data_proto2_to_proto3_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_BENCHMARKS_UTIL_DATA_PROTO2_TO_PROTO3_UTIL_H_
+#define PROTOBUF_BENCHMARKS_UTIL_DATA_PROTO2_TO_PROTO3_UTIL_H_
+
+#include "google/protobuf/message.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/descriptor.h"
+
+using google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor;
+using google::protobuf::Message;
+using google::protobuf::Reflection;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+class DataStripper {
+ public:
+  void StripMessage(Message *message) {
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> set_fields;
+    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+    reflection->ListFields(*message, &set_fields);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < set_fields.size(); i++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = set_fields[i];
+      if (ShouldBeClear(field)) {
+        reflection->ClearField(message, field);
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+        if (field->is_repeated()) {
+          for (int j = 0; j < reflection->FieldSize(*message, field); j++) {
+            StripMessage(reflection->MutableRepeatedMessage(message, field, j));
+          }
+        } else {
+          StripMessage(reflection->MutableMessage(message, field));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    reflection->MutableUnknownFields(message)->Clear();
+  }
+ private:
+  virtual bool ShouldBeClear(const FieldDescriptor *field) = 0;
+};
+
+class GogoDataStripper : public DataStripper {
+ private:
+  virtual bool ShouldBeClear(const FieldDescriptor *field) {
+    return field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP;
+  }
+};
+
+class Proto3DataStripper : public DataStripper {
+ private:
+  virtual bool ShouldBeClear(const FieldDescriptor *field) {
+    return field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP ||
+           field->is_extension();
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_BENCHMARKS_UTIL_DATA_PROTO2_TO_PROTO3_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/gogo_data_scrubber.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/gogo_data_scrubber.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ef57b0da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/gogo_data_scrubber.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#include "benchmarks.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message1/proto2/benchmark_message1_proto2.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message2/benchmark_message2.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4.pb.h"
+#include "data_proto2_to_proto3_util.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+using google::protobuf::util::GogoDataStripper;
+
+std::string ReadFile(const std::string& name) {
+  std::ifstream file(name.c_str());
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file.is_open()) << "Couldn't find file '"
+      << name
+      << "', please make sure you are running this command from the benchmarks"
+      << " directory.\n";
+  return std::string((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(file)),
+                     std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  if (argc % 2 == 0 || argc == 1) {
+    std::cerr << "Usage: [input_files] [output_file_names] where " <<
+        "input_files are one to one mapping to output_file_names." <<
+        std::endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  for (int i = argc / 2; i > 0; i--) {
+    const std::string &input_file = argv[i];
+    const std::string &output_file = argv[i + argc / 2];
+
+    std::cerr << "Generating " << input_file
+        << " to " << output_file << std::endl;
+    benchmarks::BenchmarkDataset dataset;
+    Message* message;
+    std::string dataset_payload = ReadFile(input_file);
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(dataset.ParseFromString(dataset_payload))
+      << "Can' t parse data file " << input_file;
+
+    if (dataset.message_name() == "benchmarks.proto3.GoogleMessage1") {
+      message = new benchmarks::proto3::GoogleMessage1;
+    } else if (dataset.message_name() == "benchmarks.proto2.GoogleMessage1") {
+      message = new benchmarks::proto2::GoogleMessage1;
+    } else if (dataset.message_name() == "benchmarks.proto2.GoogleMessage2") {
+      message = new benchmarks::proto2::GoogleMessage2;
+    } else if (dataset.message_name() ==
+        "benchmarks.google_message3.GoogleMessage3") {
+      message = new benchmarks::google_message3::GoogleMessage3;
+    } else if (dataset.message_name() ==
+        "benchmarks.google_message4.GoogleMessage4") {
+      message = new benchmarks::google_message4::GoogleMessage4;
+    } else {
+      std::cerr << "Unknown message type: " << dataset.message_name();
+      exit(1);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < dataset.payload_size(); i++) {
+      message->ParseFromString(dataset.payload(i));
+      GogoDataStripper stripper;
+      stripper.StripMessage(message);
+      dataset.set_payload(i, message->SerializeAsString());
+    }
+
+    std::ofstream ofs(output_file);
+    ofs << dataset.SerializeAsString();
+    ofs.close();
+  }
+
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/proto3_data_stripper.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/proto3_data_stripper.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3096c4c11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/proto3_data_stripper.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#include "benchmarks.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message1/proto2/benchmark_message1_proto2.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message2/benchmark_message2.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message3/benchmark_message3.pb.h"
+#include "datasets/google_message4/benchmark_message4.pb.h"
+#include "data_proto2_to_proto3_util.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+using google::protobuf::util::Proto3DataStripper;
+
+std::string ReadFile(const std::string& name) {
+  std::ifstream file(name.c_str());
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file.is_open()) << "Couldn't find file '"
+      << name
+      << "', please make sure you are running this command from the benchmarks"
+      << " directory.\n";
+  return std::string((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(file)),
+                     std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  if (argc % 2 == 0 || argc == 1) {
+    std::cerr << "Usage: [input_files] [output_file_names] where " <<
+        "input_files are one to one mapping to output_file_names." <<
+        std::endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  for (int i = argc / 2; i > 0; i--) {
+    const std::string &input_file = argv[i];
+    const std::string &output_file = argv[i + argc / 2];
+
+    std::cerr << "Generating " << input_file
+        << " to " << output_file << std::endl;
+    benchmarks::BenchmarkDataset dataset;
+    Message* message;
+    std::string dataset_payload = ReadFile(input_file);
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(dataset.ParseFromString(dataset_payload))
+      << "Can' t parse data file " << input_file;
+
+    if (dataset.message_name() == "benchmarks.proto3.GoogleMessage1") {
+      message = new benchmarks::proto3::GoogleMessage1;
+    } else if (dataset.message_name() == "benchmarks.proto2.GoogleMessage1") {
+      message = new benchmarks::proto2::GoogleMessage1;
+    } else if (dataset.message_name() == "benchmarks.proto2.GoogleMessage2") {
+      message = new benchmarks::proto2::GoogleMessage2;
+    } else if (dataset.message_name() ==
+        "benchmarks.google_message3.GoogleMessage3") {
+      message = new benchmarks::google_message3::GoogleMessage3;
+    } else if (dataset.message_name() ==
+        "benchmarks.google_message4.GoogleMessage4") {
+      message = new benchmarks::google_message4::GoogleMessage4;
+    } else {
+      std::cerr << "Unknown message type: " << dataset.message_name();
+      exit(1);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < dataset.payload_size(); i++) {
+      message->ParseFromString(dataset.payload(i));
+      Proto3DataStripper stripper;
+      stripper.StripMessage(message);
+      dataset.set_payload(i, message->SerializeAsString());
+    }
+
+    std::ofstream ofs(output_file);
+    ofs << dataset.SerializeAsString();
+    ofs.close();
+  }
+
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/protoc-gen-gogoproto.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/protoc-gen-gogoproto.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c1b3d04e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/protoc-gen-gogoproto.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#include "google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/io/printer.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/descriptor.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h"
+#include "schema_proto2_to_proto3_util.h"
+
+#include "google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h"
+
+using google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto;
+using google::protobuf::FileDescriptor;
+using google::protobuf::DescriptorPool;
+using google::protobuf::io::Printer;
+using google::protobuf::util::SchemaGroupStripper;
+using google::protobuf::util::EnumScrubber;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+namespace {
+
+string StripProto(string filename) {
+  if (filename.substr(filename.size() - 11) == ".protodevel") {
+    // .protodevel
+    return filename.substr(0, filename.size() - 11);
+  } else {
+    // .proto
+    return filename.substr(0, filename.size() - 6);
+  }
+}
+
+DescriptorPool new_pool_;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+class GoGoProtoGenerator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  virtual bool GenerateAll(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                           const string& parameter,
+                           GeneratorContext* context,
+                           string* error) const {
+    for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
+      for (auto file : files) {
+        bool can_generate =
+            (new_pool_.FindFileByName(file->name()) == nullptr);
+        for (int j = 0; j < file->dependency_count(); j++) {
+          can_generate &= (new_pool_.FindFileByName(
+              file->dependency(j)->name()) != nullptr);
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < file->public_dependency_count(); j++) {
+          can_generate &= (new_pool_.FindFileByName(
+              file->public_dependency(j)->name()) != nullptr);
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < file->weak_dependency_count(); j++) {
+          can_generate &= (new_pool_.FindFileByName(
+              file->weak_dependency(j)->name()) != nullptr);
+        }
+        if (can_generate) {
+          Generate(file, parameter, context, error);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  virtual bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                        const string& parameter,
+                        GeneratorContext* context,
+                        string* error) const {
+    FileDescriptorProto new_file;
+    file->CopyTo(&new_file);
+    SchemaGroupStripper::StripFile(file, &new_file);
+
+    EnumScrubber enum_scrubber;
+    enum_scrubber.ScrubFile(&new_file);
+
+    string filename = file->name();
+    string basename = StripProto(filename);
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<string,string>> option_pairs;
+    ParseGeneratorParameter(parameter, &option_pairs);
+
+    std::unique_ptr<google::protobuf::io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+        context->Open(basename + ".proto"));
+    string content = new_pool_.BuildFile(new_file)->DebugString();
+    Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+    printer.WriteRaw(content.c_str(), content.size());
+
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+  google::protobuf::compiler::GoGoProtoGenerator generator;
+  return google::protobuf::compiler::PluginMain(argc, argv, &generator);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/protoc-gen-proto2_to_proto3.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/protoc-gen-proto2_to_proto3.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0a890234
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/protoc-gen-proto2_to_proto3.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#include "google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/io/printer.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/descriptor.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h"
+#include "schema_proto2_to_proto3_util.h"
+
+#include "google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h"
+
+using google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto;
+using google::protobuf::FileDescriptor;
+using google::protobuf::DescriptorPool;
+using google::protobuf::io::Printer;
+using google::protobuf::util::SchemaGroupStripper;
+using google::protobuf::util::EnumScrubber;
+using google::protobuf::util::ExtensionStripper;
+using google::protobuf::util::FieldScrubber;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+namespace {
+
+string StripProto(string filename) {
+  return filename.substr(0, filename.rfind(".proto"));
+}
+
+DescriptorPool* GetPool() {
+  static DescriptorPool *pool = new DescriptorPool();
+  return pool;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+class Proto2ToProto3Generator final : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  bool GenerateAll(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                           const string& parameter,
+                           GeneratorContext* context,
+                           string* error) const {
+    for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
+      for (auto file : files) {
+        if (CanGenerate(file)) {
+          Generate(file, parameter, context, error);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                        const string& parameter,
+                        GeneratorContext* context,
+                        string* error) const {
+    FileDescriptorProto new_file;
+    file->CopyTo(&new_file);
+    SchemaGroupStripper::StripFile(file, &new_file);
+
+    EnumScrubber enum_scrubber;
+    enum_scrubber.ScrubFile(&new_file);
+    ExtensionStripper::StripFile(&new_file);
+    FieldScrubber::ScrubFile(&new_file);
+    new_file.set_syntax("proto3");
+
+    string filename = file->name();
+    string basename = StripProto(filename);
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<string,string>> option_pairs;
+    ParseGeneratorParameter(parameter, &option_pairs);
+
+    std::unique_ptr<google::protobuf::io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+        context->Open(basename + ".proto"));
+    string content = GetPool()->BuildFile(new_file)->DebugString();
+    Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+    printer.WriteRaw(content.c_str(), content.size());
+
+    return true;
+  }
+ private:
+  bool CanGenerate(const FileDescriptor* file) const {
+    if (GetPool()->FindFileByName(file->name()) != nullptr) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (int j = 0; j < file->dependency_count(); j++) {
+      if (GetPool()->FindFileByName(file->dependency(j)->name()) == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    for (int j = 0; j < file->public_dependency_count(); j++) {
+      if (GetPool()->FindFileByName(
+          file->public_dependency(j)->name()) == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    for (int j = 0; j < file->weak_dependency_count(); j++) {
+      if (GetPool()->FindFileByName(
+          file->weak_dependency(j)->name()) == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+  google::protobuf::compiler::Proto2ToProto3Generator generator;
+  return google::protobuf::compiler::PluginMain(argc, argv, &generator);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/result_parser.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/result_parser.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b09f387a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/result_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+# This import depends on the automake rule protoc_middleman, please make sure
+# protoc_middleman has been built before run this file.
+import json
+import re
+import os.path
+# BEGIN OPENSOURCE
+import sys
+sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), os.pardir))
+# END OPENSOURCE
+import tmp.benchmarks_pb2 as benchmarks_pb2
+
+__file_size_map = {}
+
+def __get_data_size(filename):
+  if filename[0] != '/':
+    filename = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + "/../" + filename
+  if filename in __file_size_map:
+    return __file_size_map[filename]
+  benchmark_dataset = benchmarks_pb2.BenchmarkDataset()
+  benchmark_dataset.ParseFromString(
+      open(filename, "rb").read())
+  size = 0
+  count = 0
+  for payload in benchmark_dataset.payload:
+    size += len(payload)
+    count += 1
+  __file_size_map[filename] = (size, 1.0 * size / count)
+  return size, 1.0 * size / count
+
+
+def __extract_file_name(file_name):
+  name_list = re.split(r"[/\.]", file_name)
+  short_file_name = ""
+  for name in name_list:
+    if name[:14] == "google_message":
+      short_file_name = name
+  return short_file_name
+
+
+__results = []
+
+
+# CPP results example:
+# [
+#   "benchmarks": [
+#     {
+#       "bytes_per_second": int,
+#       "cpu_time_ns": double,
+#       "iterations": int,
+#       "name: string,
+#       "real_time_ns: double,
+#       ...
+#     },
+#     ...
+#   ],
+#   ...
+# ]
+def __parse_cpp_result(filename):
+  if filename == "":
+    return
+  if filename[0] != '/':
+    filename = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + '/' + filename
+  with open(filename, "rb") as f:
+    results = json.loads(f.read())
+    for benchmark in results["benchmarks"]:
+      data_filename = "".join(
+          re.split("(_parse_|_serialize)", benchmark["name"])[0])
+      behavior = benchmark["name"][len(data_filename) + 1:]
+      if data_filename[:2] == "BM":
+        data_filename = data_filename[3:]
+      __results.append({
+        "language": "cpp",
+        "dataFilename": data_filename,
+        "behavior": behavior,
+        "throughput": benchmark["bytes_per_second"] / 2.0 ** 20
+      })
+
+
+# Synthetic benchmark results example:
+# [
+#   "benchmarks": [
+#     {
+#       "cpu_time_ns": double,
+#       "iterations": int,
+#       "name: string,
+#       "real_time_ns: double,
+#       ...
+#     },
+#     ...
+#   ],
+#   ...
+# ]
+def __parse_synthetic_result(filename):
+  if filename == "":
+    return
+  if filename[0] != "/":
+    filename = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + "/" + filename
+  with open(filename, "rb") as f:
+    results = json.loads(f.read())
+    for benchmark in results["benchmarks"]:
+      __results.append({
+          "language": "cpp",
+          "dataFilename": "",
+          "behavior": "synthetic",
+          "throughput": 10.0**9 / benchmark["cpu_time_ns"]
+      })
+
+
+# Python results example:
+# [
+#   [
+#     {
+#       "filename": string,
+#       "benchmarks": {
+#         behavior: results,
+#         ...
+#       },
+#     },
+#     ...
+#   ], #pure-python
+#   ...
+# ]
+def __parse_python_result(filename):
+  if filename == "":
+    return
+  if filename[0] != '/':
+    filename = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + '/' + filename
+  with open(filename, "rb") as f:
+    results_list = json.loads(f.read())
+    for results in results_list:
+      for result in results:
+        _, avg_size = __get_data_size(result["filename"])
+        for behavior in result["benchmarks"]:
+          __results.append({
+            "language": "python",
+            "dataFilename": __extract_file_name(result["filename"]),
+            "behavior": behavior,
+            "throughput": result["benchmarks"][behavior]
+          })
+
+
+# Java results example:
+# [
+#   {
+#     "id": string,
+#     "instrumentSpec": {...},
+#     "measurements": [
+#       {
+#         "weight": float,
+#         "value": {
+#           "magnitude": float,
+#           "unit": string
+#         },
+#         ...
+#       },
+#       ...
+#     ],
+#     "run": {...},
+#     "scenario": {
+#       "benchmarkSpec": {
+#         "methodName": string,
+#         "parameters": {
+#            defined parameters in the benchmark: parameters value
+#         },
+#         ...
+#       },
+#       ...
+#     }
+#
+#   },
+#   ...
+# ]
+def __parse_java_result(filename):
+  if filename == "":
+    return
+  if filename[0] != '/':
+    filename = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + '/' + filename
+  with open(filename, "rb") as f:
+    results = json.loads(f.read())
+    for result in results:
+      total_weight = 0
+      total_value = 0
+      for measurement in result["measurements"]:
+        total_weight += measurement["weight"]
+        total_value += measurement["value"]["magnitude"]
+      avg_time = total_value * 1.0 / total_weight
+      total_size, _ = __get_data_size(
+          result["scenario"]["benchmarkSpec"]["parameters"]["dataFile"])
+      __results.append({
+        "language": "java",
+        "throughput": total_size / avg_time * 1e9 / 2 ** 20,
+        "behavior": result["scenario"]["benchmarkSpec"]["methodName"],
+        "dataFilename": __extract_file_name(
+            result["scenario"]["benchmarkSpec"]["parameters"]["dataFile"])
+      })
+
+
+# Go benchmark results:
+#
+# goos: linux
+# goarch: amd64
+# Benchmark/.././datasets/google_message2/dataset.google_message2.pb/Unmarshal-12               3000      705784 ns/op
+# Benchmark/.././datasets/google_message2/dataset.google_message2.pb/Marshal-12                 2000      634648 ns/op
+# Benchmark/.././datasets/google_message2/dataset.google_message2.pb/Size-12                    5000      244174 ns/op
+# Benchmark/.././datasets/google_message2/dataset.google_message2.pb/Clone-12                    300     4120954 ns/op
+# Benchmark/.././datasets/google_message2/dataset.google_message2.pb/Merge-12                    300     4108632 ns/op
+# PASS
+# ok    _/usr/local/google/home/yilunchong/mygit/protobuf/benchmarks  124.173s
+def __parse_go_result(filename):
+  if filename == "":
+    return
+  if filename[0] != '/':
+    filename = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + '/' + filename
+  with open(filename, "rb") as f:
+    for line in f:
+      result_list = re.split(r"[\ \t]+", line)
+      if result_list[0][:9] != "Benchmark":
+        continue
+      first_slash_index = result_list[0].find('/')
+      last_slash_index = result_list[0].rfind('/')
+      full_filename = result_list[0][first_slash_index+1:last_slash_index]
+      total_bytes, _ = __get_data_size(full_filename)
+      behavior_with_suffix = result_list[0][last_slash_index+1:]
+      last_dash = behavior_with_suffix.rfind("-")
+      if last_dash == -1:
+        behavior = behavior_with_suffix
+      else:
+        behavior = behavior_with_suffix[:last_dash]
+      __results.append({
+        "dataFilename": __extract_file_name(full_filename),
+        "throughput": total_bytes / float(result_list[2]) * 1e9 / 2 ** 20,
+        "behavior": behavior,
+        "language": "go"
+      })
+
+
+# Self built json results example:
+#
+# [
+#   {
+#     "filename": string,
+#     "benchmarks": {
+#       behavior: results,
+#       ...
+#     },
+#   },
+#   ...
+# ]
+def __parse_custom_result(filename, language):
+  if filename == "":
+    return
+  if filename[0] != '/':
+    filename = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + '/' + filename
+  with open(filename, "rb") as f:
+    results = json.loads(f.read())
+    for result in results:
+      _, avg_size = __get_data_size(result["filename"])
+      for behavior in result["benchmarks"]:
+        __results.append({
+          "language": language,
+          "dataFilename": __extract_file_name(result["filename"]),
+          "behavior": behavior,
+          "throughput": result["benchmarks"][behavior]
+        })
+
+
+def __parse_js_result(filename, language):
+  return __parse_custom_result(filename, language)
+
+def __parse_php_result(filename, language):
+  return __parse_custom_result(filename, language)
+
+
+def get_result_from_file(cpp_file="",
+                         java_file="",
+                         python_file="",
+                         go_file="",
+                         synthetic_file="",
+                         node_file="",
+                         php_c_file="",
+                         php_file=""):
+  results = {}
+  if cpp_file != "":
+    __parse_cpp_result(cpp_file)
+  if java_file != "":
+    __parse_java_result(java_file)
+  if python_file != "":
+    __parse_python_result(python_file)
+  if go_file != "":
+    __parse_go_result(go_file)
+  if synthetic_file != "":
+    __parse_synthetic_result(synthetic_file)
+  if node_file != "":
+    __parse_js_result(node_file, "node")
+  if php_file != "":
+    __parse_php_result(php_file, "php")
+  if php_c_file != "":
+    __parse_php_result(php_c_file, "php")
+
+  return __results
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/result_uploader.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/result_uploader.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2a35d9694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/result_uploader.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import argparse
+import os
+import re
+import copy
+import uuid
+import calendar
+import time
+import datetime
+
+from util import big_query_utils
+from util import result_parser
+
+_PROJECT_ID = 'grpc-testing'
+_DATASET = 'protobuf_benchmark_result'
+_TABLE = 'opensource_result_v2'
+_NOW = "%d%02d%02d" % (datetime.datetime.now().year,
+                       datetime.datetime.now().month,
+                       datetime.datetime.now().day)
+
+_INITIAL_TIME = calendar.timegm(time.gmtime())
+
+def get_metadata():
+  build_number = os.getenv('BUILD_NUMBER')
+  build_url = os.getenv('BUILD_URL')
+  job_name = os.getenv('JOB_NAME')
+  git_commit = os.getenv('GIT_COMMIT')
+  # actual commit is the actual head of PR that is getting tested
+  git_actual_commit = os.getenv('ghprbActualCommit')
+
+  utc_timestamp = str(calendar.timegm(time.gmtime()))
+  metadata = {'created': utc_timestamp}
+
+  if build_number:
+    metadata['buildNumber'] = build_number
+  if build_url:
+    metadata['buildUrl'] = build_url
+  if job_name:
+    metadata['jobName'] = job_name
+  if git_commit:
+    metadata['gitCommit'] = git_commit
+  if git_actual_commit:
+    metadata['gitActualCommit'] = git_actual_commit
+
+  return metadata
+
+
+def upload_result(result_list, metadata):
+  for result in result_list:
+    new_result = {}
+    new_result["metric"] = "throughput"
+    new_result["value"] = result["throughput"]
+    new_result["unit"] = "MB/s"
+    new_result["test"] = "protobuf_benchmark"
+    new_result["product_name"] = "protobuf"
+    labels_string = ""
+    for key in result:
+      labels_string += ",|%s:%s|" % (key, result[key])
+    new_result["labels"] = labels_string[1:]
+    new_result["timestamp"] = _INITIAL_TIME
+    print(labels_string)
+
+    bq = big_query_utils.create_big_query()
+    row = big_query_utils.make_row(str(uuid.uuid4()), new_result)
+    if not big_query_utils.insert_rows(bq, _PROJECT_ID, _DATASET,
+                                        _TABLE + "$" + _NOW,
+                                        [row]):
+      print('Error when uploading result', new_result)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+  parser.add_argument("-cpp", "--cpp_input_file",
+                      help="The CPP benchmark result file's name",
+                      default="")
+  parser.add_argument("-java", "--java_input_file",
+                      help="The Java benchmark result file's name",
+                      default="")
+  parser.add_argument("-python", "--python_input_file",
+                      help="The Python benchmark result file's name",
+                      default="")
+  parser.add_argument("-go", "--go_input_file",
+                      help="The golang benchmark result file's name",
+                      default="")
+  parser.add_argument("-node", "--node_input_file",
+                      help="The node.js benchmark result file's name",
+                      default="")
+  parser.add_argument("-php", "--php_input_file",
+                      help="The pure php benchmark result file's name",
+                      default="")
+  parser.add_argument("-php_c", "--php_c_input_file",
+                      help="The php with c ext benchmark result file's name",
+                      default="")
+  args = parser.parse_args()
+
+  metadata = get_metadata()
+  print("uploading results...")
+  upload_result(result_parser.get_result_from_file(
+      cpp_file=args.cpp_input_file,
+      java_file=args.java_input_file,
+      python_file=args.python_input_file,
+      go_file=args.go_input_file,
+      node_file=args.node_input_file,
+      php_file=args.php_input_file,
+      php_c_file=args.php_c_input_file,
+  ), metadata)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/schema_proto2_to_proto3_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/schema_proto2_to_proto3_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0079f6f14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/benchmarks/util/schema_proto2_to_proto3_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_BENCHMARKS_UTIL_SCHEMA_PROTO2_TO_PROTO3_UTIL_H_
+#define PROTOBUF_BENCHMARKS_UTIL_SCHEMA_PROTO2_TO_PROTO3_UTIL_H_
+
+#include "google/protobuf/message.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/descriptor.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h"
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+using google::protobuf::Descriptor;
+using google::protobuf::DescriptorProto;
+using google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto;
+using google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto;
+using google::protobuf::Message;
+using google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+class SchemaGroupStripper {
+
+ public:
+  static void StripFile(const FileDescriptor* old_file,
+                        FileDescriptorProto *file) {
+    for (int i = file->mutable_message_type()->size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      if (IsMessageSet(old_file->message_type(i))) {
+        file->mutable_message_type()->DeleteSubrange(i, 1);
+        continue;
+      }
+      StripMessage(old_file->message_type(i), file->mutable_message_type(i));
+    }
+    for (int i = file->mutable_extension()->size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      auto field = old_file->extension(i);
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP ||
+          IsMessageSet(field->message_type()) ||
+          IsMessageSet(field->containing_type())) {
+        file->mutable_extension()->DeleteSubrange(i, 1);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static bool IsMessageSet(const Descriptor *descriptor) {
+    if (descriptor != nullptr
+        && descriptor->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  static void StripMessage(const Descriptor *old_message,
+                           DescriptorProto *new_message) {
+    for (int i = new_message->mutable_field()->size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      if (old_message->field(i)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP ||
+          IsMessageSet(old_message->field(i)->message_type())) {
+        new_message->mutable_field()->DeleteSubrange(i, 1);
+      }
+    }
+    for (int i = new_message->mutable_extension()->size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      auto field_type_name = new_message->mutable_extension(i)->type_name();
+      if (old_message->extension(i)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP ||
+          IsMessageSet(old_message->extension(i)->containing_type()) ||
+          IsMessageSet(old_message->extension(i)->message_type())) {
+        new_message->mutable_extension()->DeleteSubrange(i, 1);
+      }
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < new_message->mutable_nested_type()->size(); i++) {
+      StripMessage(old_message->nested_type(i),
+                   new_message->mutable_nested_type(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+};
+
+class EnumScrubber {
+
+ public:
+  EnumScrubber()
+      : total_added_(0) {
+  }
+
+  void ScrubFile(FileDescriptorProto *file) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < file->enum_type_size(); i++) {
+      ScrubEnum(file->mutable_enum_type(i));
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < file->mutable_message_type()->size(); i++) {
+      ScrubMessage(file->mutable_message_type(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void ScrubEnum(EnumDescriptorProto *enum_type) {
+    if (enum_type->value(0).number() != 0) {
+      bool has_zero = false;
+      for (int j = 0; j < enum_type->value().size(); j++) {
+        if (enum_type->value(j).number() == 0) {
+          EnumValueDescriptorProto temp_enum_value;
+          temp_enum_value.CopyFrom(enum_type->value(j));
+          enum_type->mutable_value(j)->CopyFrom(enum_type->value(0));
+          enum_type->mutable_value(0)->CopyFrom(temp_enum_value);
+          has_zero = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (!has_zero) {
+        enum_type->mutable_value()->Add();
+        for (int i = enum_type->mutable_value()->size() - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+          enum_type->mutable_value(i)->CopyFrom(
+              *enum_type->mutable_value(i - 1));
+        }
+        enum_type->mutable_value(0)->set_number(0);
+        enum_type->mutable_value(0)->set_name("ADDED_ZERO_VALUE_" +
+                                              std::to_string(total_added_++));
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  void ScrubMessage(DescriptorProto *message_type) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_type->mutable_enum_type()->size(); i++) {
+      ScrubEnum(message_type->mutable_enum_type(i));
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_type->mutable_nested_type()->size(); i++) {
+      ScrubMessage(message_type->mutable_nested_type(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  int total_added_;
+};
+
+class ExtensionStripper {
+ public:
+  static void StripFile(FileDescriptorProto *file) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < file->mutable_message_type()->size(); i++) {
+      StripMessage(file->mutable_message_type(i));
+    }
+    file->mutable_extension()->Clear();
+  }
+ private:
+  static void StripMessage(DescriptorProto *message_type) {
+    message_type->mutable_extension()->Clear();
+    message_type->clear_extension_range();
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_type->mutable_nested_type()->size(); i++) {
+      StripMessage(message_type->mutable_nested_type(i));
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+
+class FieldScrubber {
+ public:
+  static void ScrubFile(FileDescriptorProto *file) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < file->mutable_message_type()->size(); i++) {
+      ScrubMessage(file->mutable_message_type(i));
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < file->mutable_extension()->size(); i++) {
+      file->mutable_extension(i)->clear_default_value();
+      if (ShouldClearLabel(file->mutable_extension(i))) {
+        file->mutable_extension(i)->clear_label();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+ private:
+  static bool ShouldClearLabel(const FieldDescriptorProto *field) {
+    return field->label() == FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REQUIRED;
+  }
+
+  static void ScrubMessage(DescriptorProto *message_type) {
+    message_type->mutable_extension()->Clear();
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_type->mutable_extension()->size(); i++) {
+      message_type->mutable_extension(i)->clear_default_value();
+      if (ShouldClearLabel(message_type->mutable_extension(i))) {
+        message_type->mutable_extension(i)->clear_label();
+      }
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_type->mutable_field()->size(); i++) {
+      message_type->mutable_field(i)->clear_default_value();
+      if (ShouldClearLabel(message_type->mutable_field(i))) {
+        message_type->mutable_field(i)->clear_label();
+      }
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_type->mutable_nested_type()->size(); i++) {
+      ScrubMessage(message_type->mutable_nested_type(i));
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_BENCHMARKS_UTIL_SCHEMA_PROTO2_TO_PROTO3_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/build_files_updated_unittest.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/build_files_updated_unittest.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c86307193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/build_files_updated_unittest.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# This script verifies that BUILD files and cmake files are in sync with src/Makefile.am
+
+set -eo pipefail
+
+if [ "$(uname)" != "Linux" ]; then
+  echo "build_files_updated_unittest only supported on Linux. Skipping..."
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+# Keep in sync with files needed by update_file_lists.sh
+generated_files=(
+  "BUILD"
+  "cmake/extract_includes.bat.in"
+  "cmake/libprotobuf-lite.cmake"
+  "cmake/libprotobuf.cmake"
+  "cmake/libprotoc.cmake"
+  "cmake/tests.cmake"
+  "src/Makefile.am"
+)
+
+# If we're running in Bazel, use the Bazel-provided temp-dir.
+if [ -n "${TEST_TMPDIR}" ]; then
+  # Env-var TEST_TMPDIR is set, assume that this is Bazel.
+  # Bazel may have opinions whether we are allowed to delete TEST_TMPDIR.
+  test_root="${TEST_TMPDIR}/build_files_updated_unittest"
+  mkdir "${test_root}"
+else
+  # Seems like we're not executed by Bazel.
+  test_root=$(mktemp -d)
+fi
+
+# From now on, fail if there are any unbound variables.
+set -u
+
+# Remove artifacts after test is finished.
+function cleanup {
+  rm -rf "${test_root}"
+}
+trap cleanup EXIT
+
+# Create golden dir and add snapshot of current state.
+golden_dir="${test_root}/golden"
+mkdir -p "${golden_dir}/cmake" "${golden_dir}/src"
+for file in ${generated_files[@]}; do
+  cp "${file}" "${golden_dir}/${file}"
+done
+
+# Create test dir, copy current state into it, and execute update script.
+test_dir="${test_root}/test"
+cp -R "${golden_dir}" "${test_dir}"
+
+cp "update_file_lists.sh" "${test_dir}/update_file_lists.sh"
+chmod +x "${test_dir}/update_file_lists.sh"
+cd "${test_root}/test"
+bash "${test_dir}/update_file_lists.sh"
+
+# Test whether there are any differences
+for file in ${generated_files[@]}; do
+  diff "${golden_dir}/${file}" "${test_dir}/${file}"
+done
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cc_proto_blacklist_test.bzl b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cc_proto_blacklist_test.bzl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df54293cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cc_proto_blacklist_test.bzl
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"""Contains a unittest to verify that `cc_proto_library` does not generate code for blacklisted `.proto` sources (i.e. WKPs)."""
+
+load("@bazel_skylib//lib:unittest.bzl", "asserts", "unittest")
+
+def _cc_proto_blacklist_test_impl(ctx):
+    """Verifies that there are no C++ compile actions for Well-Known-Protos.
+
+    Args:
+      ctx: The rule context.
+
+    Returns: A (not further specified) sequence of providers.
+    """
+
+    env = unittest.begin(ctx)
+
+    for dep in ctx.attr.deps:
+        files = len(dep.files.to_list())
+        asserts.equals(
+            env,
+            0,
+            files,
+            "Expected that target '{}' does not provide files, got {}".format(
+                dep.label,
+                files,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    return unittest.end(env)
+
+cc_proto_blacklist_test = unittest.make(
+    impl = _cc_proto_blacklist_test_impl,
+    attrs = {
+        "deps": attr.label_list(
+            mandatory = True,
+            providers = [CcInfo],
+        ),
+    },
+)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/CMakeLists.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e5e68073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+# Minimum CMake required
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1.3)
+
+if(protobuf_VERBOSE)
+  message(STATUS "Protocol Buffers Configuring...")
+endif()
+
+# CMake policies
+cmake_policy(SET CMP0022 NEW)
+# On MacOS use @rpath/ for target's install name prefix path
+if (POLICY CMP0042)
+  cmake_policy(SET CMP0042 NEW)
+endif ()
+# Clear VERSION variables when no VERSION is given to project()
+if(POLICY CMP0048)
+  cmake_policy(SET CMP0048 NEW)
+endif()
+
+# Project
+project(protobuf C CXX)
+
+# Add c++11 flags
+if (CYGWIN)
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=gnu++11")
+else()
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
+endif()
+
+# Options
+option(protobuf_BUILD_TESTS "Build tests" ON)
+option(protobuf_BUILD_CONFORMANCE "Build conformance tests" OFF)
+option(protobuf_BUILD_EXAMPLES "Build examples" OFF)
+option(protobuf_BUILD_PROTOC_BINARIES "Build libprotoc and protoc compiler" ON)
+if (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+  set(protobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS_DEFAULT ON)
+else (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+  set(protobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS_DEFAULT OFF)
+endif (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+option(protobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build Shared Libraries" ${protobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS_DEFAULT})
+include(CMakeDependentOption)
+cmake_dependent_option(protobuf_MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME "Link static runtime libraries" ON
+  "NOT protobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS" OFF)
+set(protobuf_WITH_ZLIB_DEFAULT ON)
+option(protobuf_WITH_ZLIB "Build with zlib support" ${protobuf_WITH_ZLIB_DEFAULT})
+set(protobuf_DEBUG_POSTFIX "d"
+  CACHE STRING "Default debug postfix")
+mark_as_advanced(protobuf_DEBUG_POSTFIX)
+# User options
+include(protobuf-options.cmake)
+
+# Path to main configure script
+set(protobuf_CONFIGURE_SCRIPT "../configure.ac")
+
+# Parse configure script
+set(protobuf_AC_INIT_REGEX
+  "^AC_INIT\\(\\[([^]]+)\\],\\[([^]]+)\\],\\[([^]]+)\\],\\[([^]]+)\\]\\)$")
+file(STRINGS "${protobuf_CONFIGURE_SCRIPT}" protobuf_AC_INIT_LINE
+  LIMIT_COUNT 1 REGEX "^AC_INIT")
+# Description
+string(REGEX REPLACE        "${protobuf_AC_INIT_REGEX}" "\\1"
+    protobuf_DESCRIPTION    "${protobuf_AC_INIT_LINE}")
+# Version
+string(REGEX REPLACE        "${protobuf_AC_INIT_REGEX}" "\\2"
+    protobuf_VERSION_STRING "${protobuf_AC_INIT_LINE}")
+# Contact
+string(REGEX REPLACE        "${protobuf_AC_INIT_REGEX}" "\\3"
+    protobuf_CONTACT        "${protobuf_AC_INIT_LINE}")
+# Parse version tweaks
+set(protobuf_VERSION_REGEX "^([0-9]+)\\.([0-9]+)\\.([0-9]+)([-]rc[-]|\\.)?([0-9]*)$")
+string(REGEX REPLACE     "${protobuf_VERSION_REGEX}" "\\1"
+  protobuf_VERSION_MAJOR "${protobuf_VERSION_STRING}")
+string(REGEX REPLACE     "${protobuf_VERSION_REGEX}" "\\2"
+  protobuf_VERSION_MINOR "${protobuf_VERSION_STRING}")
+string(REGEX REPLACE     "${protobuf_VERSION_REGEX}" "\\3"
+  protobuf_VERSION_PATCH "${protobuf_VERSION_STRING}")
+string(REGEX REPLACE     "${protobuf_VERSION_REGEX}" "\\5"
+  protobuf_VERSION_PRERELEASE "${protobuf_VERSION_STRING}")
+
+message(STATUS "${protobuf_VERSION_PRERELEASE}")
+
+# Package version
+set(protobuf_VERSION
+  "${protobuf_VERSION_MAJOR}.${protobuf_VERSION_MINOR}.${protobuf_VERSION_PATCH}")
+
+if(protobuf_VERSION_PRERELEASE)
+  set(protobuf_VERSION "${protobuf_VERSION}.${protobuf_VERSION_PRERELEASE}")
+else()
+  set(protobuf_VERSION "${protobuf_VERSION}.0")
+endif()
+message(STATUS "${protobuf_VERSION}")
+
+if(protobuf_VERBOSE)
+  message(STATUS "Configuration script parsing status [")
+  message(STATUS "  Description : ${protobuf_DESCRIPTION}")
+  message(STATUS "  Version     : ${protobuf_VERSION} (${protobuf_VERSION_STRING})")
+  message(STATUS "  Contact     : ${protobuf_CONTACT}")
+  message(STATUS "]")
+endif()
+
+add_definitions(-DGOOGLE_PROTOBUF_CMAKE_BUILD)
+
+find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
+if (CMAKE_USE_PTHREADS_INIT)
+  add_definitions(-DHAVE_PTHREAD)
+endif (CMAKE_USE_PTHREADS_INIT)
+
+set(_protobuf_FIND_ZLIB)
+if (protobuf_WITH_ZLIB)
+  find_package(ZLIB)
+  if (ZLIB_FOUND)
+    set(HAVE_ZLIB 1)
+    # FindZLIB module define ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIRS variable
+    # Set ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES for compatible
+    set(ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES} ${ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    # Using imported target if exists
+    if (TARGET ZLIB::ZLIB)
+      set(ZLIB_LIBRARIES ZLIB::ZLIB)
+      set(_protobuf_FIND_ZLIB "if(NOT ZLIB_FOUND)\n  find_package(ZLIB)\nendif()")
+    endif (TARGET ZLIB::ZLIB)
+  else (ZLIB_FOUND)
+    set(HAVE_ZLIB 0)
+    # Explicitly set these to empty (override NOT_FOUND) so cmake doesn't
+    # complain when we use them later.
+    set(ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+    set(ZLIB_LIBRARIES)
+  endif (ZLIB_FOUND)
+endif (protobuf_WITH_ZLIB)
+
+if (HAVE_ZLIB)
+  add_definitions(-DHAVE_ZLIB)
+endif (HAVE_ZLIB)
+
+# We need to link with libatomic on systems that do not have builtin atomics, or
+# don't have builtin support for 8 byte atomics
+set(protobuf_LINK_LIBATOMIC false)
+if (NOT MSVC)
+  include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
+  set(OLD_CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS})
+  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS} -std=c++11)
+  check_cxx_source_compiles("
+    #include <atomic>
+    int main() {
+      return std::atomic<int64_t>{};
+    }
+  " protobuf_HAVE_BUILTIN_ATOMICS)
+  if (NOT protobuf_HAVE_BUILTIN_ATOMICS)
+    set(protobuf_LINK_LIBATOMIC true)
+  endif (NOT protobuf_HAVE_BUILTIN_ATOMICS)
+  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS ${OLD_CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS})
+endif (NOT MSVC)
+
+if (protobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+  set(protobuf_SHARED_OR_STATIC "SHARED")
+else (protobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+  set(protobuf_SHARED_OR_STATIC "STATIC")
+  # In case we are building static libraries, link also the runtime library statically
+  # so that MSVCR*.DLL is not required at runtime.
+  # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2kzt1wy3.aspx
+  # This is achieved by replacing msvc option /MD with /MT and /MDd with /MTd
+  # http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CMake_FAQ#How_can_I_build_my_MSVC_application_with_a_static_runtime.3F
+  if (MSVC AND protobuf_MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME)
+    foreach(flag_var
+        CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE
+        CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO)
+      if(${flag_var} MATCHES "/MD")
+        string(REGEX REPLACE "/MD" "/MT" ${flag_var} "${${flag_var}}")
+      endif(${flag_var} MATCHES "/MD")
+    endforeach(flag_var)
+  endif (MSVC AND protobuf_MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME)
+endif (protobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+
+if (MSVC)
+  # Build with multiple processes
+  add_definitions(/MP)
+  # MSVC warning suppressions
+  add_definitions(
+    /wd4018 # 'expression' : signed/unsigned mismatch
+    /wd4065 # switch statement contains 'default' but no 'case' labels
+    /wd4146 # unary minus operator applied to unsigned type, result still unsigned
+    /wd4244 # 'conversion' conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', possible loss of data
+    /wd4251 # 'identifier' : class 'type' needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class 'type2'
+    /wd4267 # 'var' : conversion from 'size_t' to 'type', possible loss of data
+    /wd4305 # 'identifier' : truncation from 'type1' to 'type2'
+    /wd4307 # 'operator' : integral constant overflow
+    /wd4309 # 'conversion' : truncation of constant value
+    /wd4334 # 'operator' : result of 32-bit shift implicitly converted to 64 bits (was 64-bit shift intended?)
+    /wd4355 # 'this' : used in base member initializer list
+    /wd4506 # no definition for inline function 'function'
+    /wd4800 # 'type' : forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning)
+    /wd4996 # The compiler encountered a deprecated declaration.
+  )
+  # Allow big object
+  add_definitions(/bigobj)
+  string(REPLACE "/" "\\" PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH ${protobuf_SOURCE_DIR})
+  string(REPLACE "/" "\\" PROTOBUF_BINARY_WIN32_PATH ${protobuf_BINARY_DIR})
+  string(REPLACE "." ","  protobuf_RC_FILEVERSION "${protobuf_VERSION}")
+  configure_file(extract_includes.bat.in extract_includes.bat)
+
+  # Suppress linker warnings about files with no symbols defined.
+  set(CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS} /ignore:4221")
+
+  # Configure Resource Compiler
+  enable_language(RC)
+  # use English language (0x409) in resource compiler
+  set(rc_flags "/l0x409")
+  # fix rc.exe invocations because of usage of add_definitions()
+  set(CMAKE_RC_COMPILE_OBJECT "<CMAKE_RC_COMPILER> ${rc_flags} <DEFINES> /fo<OBJECT> <SOURCE>")
+
+  configure_file(version.rc.in ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/version.rc @ONLY)
+endif (MSVC)
+
+
+get_filename_component(protobuf_source_dir ${protobuf_SOURCE_DIR} PATH)
+
+include_directories(
+  ${ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES}
+  ${protobuf_BINARY_DIR}
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src)
+
+if (MSVC)
+  # Add the "lib" prefix for generated .lib outputs.
+  set(LIB_PREFIX lib)
+else (MSVC)
+  # When building with "make", "lib" prefix will be added automatically by
+  # the build tool.
+  set(LIB_PREFIX)
+endif (MSVC)
+
+if (protobuf_UNICODE)
+  add_definitions(-DUNICODE -D_UNICODE)
+endif (protobuf_UNICODE)
+
+include(libprotobuf-lite.cmake)
+include(libprotobuf.cmake)
+if (protobuf_BUILD_PROTOC_BINARIES)
+  include(libprotoc.cmake)
+  include(protoc.cmake)
+endif (protobuf_BUILD_PROTOC_BINARIES)
+
+if (protobuf_BUILD_TESTS)
+  include(tests.cmake)
+endif (protobuf_BUILD_TESTS)
+
+if (protobuf_BUILD_CONFORMANCE)
+  include(conformance.cmake)
+endif (protobuf_BUILD_CONFORMANCE)
+
+include(install.cmake)
+
+if (protobuf_BUILD_EXAMPLES)
+  include(examples.cmake)
+endif (protobuf_BUILD_EXAMPLES)
+
+if(protobuf_VERBOSE)
+    message(STATUS "Protocol Buffers Configuring done")
+endif()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89d00c1b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+This directory contains *CMake* files that can be used to build protobuf
+with *MSVC* on *Windows*. You can build the project from *Command Prompt*
+and using an *Visual Studio* IDE.
+
+You need to have [CMake](http://www.cmake.org), [Visual Studio](https://www.visualstudio.com)
+and optionally [Git](http://git-scm.com) installed on your computer before proceeding.
+
+Most of the instructions will be given to the *Сommand Prompt*, but the same
+actions can be performed using appropriate GUI tools.
+
+Environment Setup
+=================
+
+Open the appropriate *Command Prompt* from the *Start* menu.
+
+For example *x86 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2019*:
+
+    C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Professional>
+
+Change to your working directory:
+
+    C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Professional>cd C:\Path\to
+    C:\Path\to>
+
+Where *C:\Path\to* is path to your real working directory.
+
+Create a folder where protobuf headers/libraries/binaries will be installed after built:
+
+    C:\Path\to>mkdir install
+
+If *cmake* command is not available from *Command Prompt*, add it to system *PATH* variable:
+
+    C:\Path\to>set PATH=%PATH%;C:\Program Files (x86)\CMake\bin
+
+If *git* command is not available from *Command Prompt*, add it to system *PATH* variable:
+
+    C:\Path\to>set PATH=%PATH%;C:\Program Files\Git\cmd
+
+Good. Now you are ready to continue.
+
+Getting Sources
+===============
+
+You can get the latest stable source packages from the release page:
+
+    https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/latest
+
+For example: if you only need C++, download `protobuf-cpp-[VERSION].tar.gz`; if
+you need C++ and Java, download `protobuf-java-[VERSION].tar.gz` (every package
+contains C++ source already); if you need C++ and multiple other languages,
+download `protobuf-all-[VERSION].tar.gz`.
+
+Or you can use git to clone from protobuf git repository.
+
+     C:\Path\to> git clone -b [release_tag] https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf.git
+
+Where *[release_tag]* is a git tag like *v3.0.0-beta-1* or a branch name like *master*
+if you want to get the latest code.
+
+Go to the project folder:
+
+     C:\Path\to>cd protobuf
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf>
+
+Remember to update any submodules if you are using git clone (you can skip this
+step if you are using a release .tar.gz or .zip package):
+
+```console
+C:\Path\to> git submodule update --init --recursive
+```
+
+Now go to *cmake* folder in protobuf sources:
+
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf>cd cmake
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake>
+
+Good. Now you are ready to *CMake* configuration.
+
+CMake Configuration
+===================
+
+*CMake* supports a lot of different
+[generators](http://www.cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake-generators.7.html)
+for various native build systems.
+We are only interested in
+[Makefile](http://www.cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake-generators.7.html#makefile-generators)
+and
+[Visual Studio](http://www.cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake-generators.7.html#visual-studio-generators)
+generators.
+
+We will use shadow building to separate the temporary files from the protobuf source code.
+
+Create a temporary *build* folder and change your working directory to it:
+
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake>mkdir build & cd build
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake\build>
+
+The *Makefile* generator can build the project in only one configuration, so you need to build
+a separate folder for each configuration.
+
+To start using a *Release* configuration:
+
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake\build>mkdir release & cd release
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake\build\release>cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" ^
+     -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ^
+     -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../../../../install ^
+     ../..
+
+It will generate *nmake* *Makefile* in current directory.
+
+To use *Debug* configuration:
+
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake\build>mkdir debug & cd debug
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake\build\debug>cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" ^
+     -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ^
+     -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../../../../install ^
+     ../..
+
+It will generate *nmake* *Makefile* in current directory.
+
+To create *Visual Studio* solution file:
+
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake\build>mkdir solution & cd solution
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake\build\solution>cmake -G "Visual Studio 16 2019" ^
+     -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../../../../install ^
+     ../..
+
+It will generate *Visual Studio* solution file *protobuf.sln* in current directory.
+
+If the *gmock* directory does not exist, and you do not want to build protobuf unit tests,
+you need to add *cmake* command argument `-Dprotobuf_BUILD_TESTS=OFF` to disable testing.
+
+To make a *Visual Studio* file for Visual Studio 16 2019, create the *Visual Studio*
+solution file above and edit the CMakeCache file.
+
+	C:Path\to\protobuf\cmake\build\solution\CMakeCache
+
+Then create the *Visual Studio* solution file again
+
+Compiling
+=========
+
+To compile protobuf:
+
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake\build\release>nmake
+
+or
+
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake\build\debug>nmake
+
+And wait for the compilation to finish.
+
+If you prefer to use the IDE:
+
+  * Open the generated protobuf.sln file in Microsoft Visual Studio.
+  * Choose "Debug" or "Release" configuration as desired.
+  * From the Build menu, choose "Build Solution".
+
+And wait for the compilation to finish.
+
+Testing
+=======
+
+To run unit-tests, first you must compile protobuf as described above.
+Then run:
+
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake\build\release>nmake check
+
+or
+
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake\build\debug>nmake check
+
+You can also build project *check* from Visual Studio solution.
+Yes, it may sound strange, but it works.
+
+You should see output similar to:
+
+     Running main() from gmock_main.cc
+     [==========] Running 1546 tests from 165 test cases.
+
+     ...
+
+     [==========] 1546 tests from 165 test cases ran. (2529 ms total)
+     [  PASSED  ] 1546 tests.
+
+To run specific tests:
+
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf>cmake\build\release\tests.exe --gtest_filter=AnyTest*
+     Running main() from gmock_main.cc
+     Note: Google Test filter = AnyTest*
+     [==========] Running 3 tests from 1 test case.
+     [----------] Global test environment set-up.
+     [----------] 3 tests from AnyTest
+     [ RUN      ] AnyTest.TestPackAndUnpack
+     [       OK ] AnyTest.TestPackAndUnpack (0 ms)
+     [ RUN      ] AnyTest.TestPackAndUnpackAny
+     [       OK ] AnyTest.TestPackAndUnpackAny (0 ms)
+     [ RUN      ] AnyTest.TestIs
+     [       OK ] AnyTest.TestIs (0 ms)
+     [----------] 3 tests from AnyTest (1 ms total)
+
+     [----------] Global test environment tear-down
+     [==========] 3 tests from 1 test case ran. (2 ms total)
+     [  PASSED  ] 3 tests.
+
+Note that the tests must be run from the source folder.
+
+If all tests are passed, safely continue.
+
+Installing
+==========
+
+To install protobuf to the specified *install* folder:
+
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake\build\release>nmake install
+
+or
+
+     C:\Path\to\protobuf\cmake\build\debug>nmake install
+
+You can also build project *INSTALL* from Visual Studio solution.
+It sounds not so strange and it works.
+
+This will create the following folders under the *install* location:
+  * bin - that contains protobuf *protoc.exe* compiler;
+  * include - that contains C++ headers and protobuf *.proto files;
+  * lib - that contains linking libraries and *CMake* configuration files for *protobuf* package.
+
+Now you can if needed:
+  * Copy the contents of the include directory to wherever you want to put headers.
+  * Copy protoc.exe wherever you put build tools (probably somewhere in your PATH).
+  * Copy linking libraries libprotobuf[d].lib, libprotobuf-lite[d].lib, and libprotoc[d].lib wherever you put libraries.
+
+To avoid conflicts between the MSVC debug and release runtime libraries, when
+compiling a debug build of your application, you may need to link against a
+debug build of libprotobufd.lib with "d" postfix.  Similarly, release builds should link against
+release libprotobuf.lib library.
+
+DLLs vs. static linking
+=======================
+
+Static linking is now the default for the Protocol Buffer libraries.  Due to
+issues with Win32's use of a separate heap for each DLL, as well as binary
+compatibility issues between different versions of MSVC's STL library, it is
+recommended that you use static linkage only.  However, it is possible to
+build libprotobuf and libprotoc as DLLs if you really want.  To do this,
+do the following:
+
+  * Add an additional flag `-Dprotobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON` when invoking cmake
+  * Follow the same steps as described in the above section.
+  * When compiling your project, make sure to `#define PROTOBUF_USE_DLLS`.
+
+When distributing your software to end users, we strongly recommend that you
+do NOT install libprotobuf.dll or libprotoc.dll to any shared location.
+Instead, keep these libraries next to your binaries, in your application's
+own install directory.  C++ makes it very difficult to maintain binary
+compatibility between releases, so it is likely that future versions of these
+libraries will *not* be usable as drop-in replacements.
+
+If your project is itself a DLL intended for use by third-party software, we
+recommend that you do NOT expose protocol buffer objects in your library's
+public interface, and that you statically link protocol buffers into your
+library.
+
+ZLib support
+============
+
+If you want to include GzipInputStream and GzipOutputStream
+(google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h) in libprotobuf, you will need to do a few
+additional steps.
+
+Obtain a copy of the zlib library.  The pre-compiled DLL at zlib.net works.
+You need prepare it:
+
+  * Make sure zlib's two headers are in your `C:\Path\to\install\include` path
+  * Make sure zlib's linking libraries (*.lib file) is in your
+    `C:\Path\to\install\lib` library path.
+
+You can also compile it from source by yourself.
+
+Getting sources:
+
+     C:\Path\to>git clone -b v1.2.8 https://github.com/madler/zlib.git
+     C:\Path\to>cd zlib
+
+Compiling and Installing:
+
+     C:\Path\to\zlib>mkdir build & cd build
+     C:\Path\to\zlib\build>mkdir release & cd release
+     C:\Path\to\zlib\build\release>cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ^
+     -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../../../install ../..
+     C:\Path\to\zlib\build\release>nmake & nmake install
+
+You can make *debug* version or use *Visual Studio* generator also as before for the
+protobuf project.
+
+Now add *bin* folder from *install* to system *PATH*:
+
+     C:\Path\to>set PATH=%PATH%;C:\Path\to\install\bin
+
+You need reconfigure protobuf with flag `-Dprotobuf_WITH_ZLIB=ON` when invoking cmake.
+
+Note that if you have compiled ZLIB yourself, as stated above,
+further disable the option `-Dprotobuf_MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME=OFF`.
+
+If it reports NOTFOUND for zlib_include or zlib_lib, you might haven't put
+the headers or the .lib file in the right directory.
+
+If you already have ZLIB library and headers at some other location on your system then alternatively you can define following configuration flags to locate them:
+
+	-DZLIB_INCLUDE_DIR=<path to dir containing zlib headers>
+	-DZLIB_LIB=<path to dir containing zlib>
+
+Build and testing protobuf as usual.
+
+Notes on Compiler Warnings
+==========================
+
+The following warnings have been disabled while building the protobuf libraries
+and compiler.  You may have to disable some of them in your own project as
+well, or live with them.
+
+* C4018 - 'expression' : signed/unsigned mismatch
+* C4146 - unary minus operator applied to unsigned type, result still unsigned
+* C4244 - Conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', possible loss of data.
+* C4251 - 'identifier' : class 'type' needs to have dll-interface to be used by
+  clients of class 'type2'
+* C4267 - Conversion from 'size_t' to 'type', possible loss of data.
+* C4305 - 'identifier' : truncation from 'type1' to 'type2'
+* C4355 - 'this' : used in base member initializer list
+* C4800 - 'type' : forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning)
+* C4996 - 'function': was declared deprecated
+
+C4251 is of particular note, if you are compiling the Protocol Buffer library
+as a DLL (see previous section).  The protocol buffer library uses templates in
+its public interfaces.  MSVC does not provide any reasonable way to export
+template classes from a DLL.  However, in practice, it appears that exporting
+templates is not necessary anyway.  Since the complete definition of any
+template is available in the header files, anyone importing the DLL will just
+end up compiling instances of the templates into their own binary.  The
+Protocol Buffer implementation does not rely on static template members being
+unique, so there should be no problem with this, but MSVC prints warning
+nevertheless.  So, we disable it.  Unfortunately, this warning will also be
+produced when compiling code which merely uses protocol buffers, meaning you
+may have to disable it in your code too.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/conformance.cmake b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/conformance.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82b4cf580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/conformance.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+
+add_custom_command(
+  OUTPUT ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance/conformance.pb.cc
+  DEPENDS protoc ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance/conformance.proto
+  COMMAND protoc ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance/conformance.proto
+      --proto_path=${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance
+      --cpp_out=${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance
+)
+
+add_custom_command(
+  OUTPUT ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.pb.cc
+         ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.pb.cc
+  DEPENDS protoc ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.proto
+          protoc ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto
+  COMMAND protoc ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.proto
+                 ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto
+      --proto_path=${protobuf_source_dir}/src
+      --cpp_out=${protobuf_source_dir}/src
+)
+
+add_executable(conformance_test_runner
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance/conformance.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance/conformance_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance/binary_json_conformance_main.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance/binary_json_conformance_suite.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance/binary_json_conformance_suite.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance/conformance_test_runner.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance/third_party/jsoncpp/json.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance/third_party/jsoncpp/jsoncpp.cpp
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.pb.cc
+)
+
+add_executable(conformance_cpp
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance/conformance.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance/conformance_cpp.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.pb.cc
+)
+
+target_include_directories(
+  conformance_test_runner
+  PUBLIC ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance)
+
+target_include_directories(
+  conformance_cpp
+  PUBLIC ${protobuf_source_dir}/conformance)
+
+target_link_libraries(conformance_test_runner libprotobuf)
+target_link_libraries(conformance_cpp libprotobuf)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/examples.cmake b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/examples.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5cad63f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/examples.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+if(protobuf_VERBOSE)
+  message(STATUS "Protocol Buffers Examples Configuring...")
+endif()
+
+get_filename_component(examples_dir "../examples" ABSOLUTE)
+
+if(protobuf_VERBOSE)
+  message(STATUS "Protocol Buffers Examples Configuring done")
+endif()
+include(ExternalProject)
+
+# Internal utility function: Create a custom target representing a build of examples with custom options.
+function(add_examples_build NAME)
+
+  ExternalProject_Add(${NAME}
+    PREFIX ${NAME}
+    SOURCE_DIR "${examples_dir}"
+    BINARY_DIR ${NAME}
+    STAMP_DIR ${NAME}/logs
+    INSTALL_COMMAND "" #Skip
+    LOG_CONFIGURE 1
+    CMAKE_CACHE_ARGS "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}"
+                     "-Dprotobuf_VERBOSE:BOOL=${protobuf_VERBOSE}"
+                     ${ARGN}
+  )
+  set_property(TARGET ${NAME} PROPERTY FOLDER "Examples")
+  set_property(TARGET ${NAME} PROPERTY EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL TRUE)
+endfunction()
+
+# Add examples as an external project.
+# sub_directory cannot be used because the find_package(protobuf) call would cause failures with redefined targets.
+add_examples_build(examples "-Dprotobuf_DIR:PATH=${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}")
+add_dependencies(examples libprotobuf protoc)
+
+option(protobuf_BUILD_EXAMPLES_MULTITEST "Build Examples in multiple configurations. Useful for testing." OFF)
+mark_as_advanced(protobuf_BUILD_EXAMPLES_MULTITEST)
+if(protobuf_BUILD_EXAMPLES_MULTITEST)
+  set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY USE_FOLDERS ON)
+
+  #Build using the legacy compatibility module.
+  add_examples_build(examples-legacy
+    "-Dprotobuf_DIR:PATH=${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}"
+    "-Dprotobuf_MODULE_COMPATIBLE:BOOL=TRUE"
+  )
+  add_dependencies(examples-legacy libprotobuf protoc)
+
+  #Build using the installed library.
+  add_examples_build(examples-installed
+    "-Dprotobuf_DIR:PATH=${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}"
+  )
+
+  #Build using the installed library in legacy compatibility mode.
+  add_examples_build(examples-installed-legacy
+    "-Dprotobuf_DIR:PATH=${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}"
+    "-Dprotobuf_MODULE_COMPATIBLE:BOOL=TRUE"
+  )
+endif()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/extract_includes.bat.in b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/extract_includes.bat.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..007cc8066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/extract_includes.bat.in
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+mkdir include
+mkdir include\google
+mkdir include\google\protobuf
+mkdir include\google\protobuf\compiler
+mkdir include\google\protobuf\compiler\cpp
+mkdir include\google\protobuf\compiler\csharp
+mkdir include\google\protobuf\compiler\java
+mkdir include\google\protobuf\compiler\js
+mkdir include\google\protobuf\compiler\objectivec
+mkdir include\google\protobuf\compiler\php
+mkdir include\google\protobuf\compiler\python
+mkdir include\google\protobuf\compiler\ruby
+mkdir include\google\protobuf\io
+mkdir include\google\protobuf\stubs
+mkdir include\google\protobuf\util
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\any.h" include\google\protobuf\any.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\any.pb.h" include\google\protobuf\any.pb.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\api.pb.h" include\google\protobuf\api.pb.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\arena.h" include\google\protobuf\arena.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\arena_impl.h" include\google\protobuf\arena_impl.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\arenastring.h" include\google\protobuf\arenastring.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\code_generator.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\code_generator.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\command_line_interface.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\command_line_interface.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\cpp\cpp_generator.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\cpp\cpp_generator.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\csharp\csharp_generator.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\csharp\csharp_generator.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\csharp\csharp_names.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\csharp\csharp_names.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\importer.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\importer.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\java\java_generator.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\java\java_generator.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\java\java_names.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\java\java_names.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\js\js_generator.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\js\js_generator.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\js\well_known_types_embed.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\js\well_known_types_embed.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\objectivec\objectivec_generator.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\objectivec\objectivec_generator.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\objectivec\objectivec_helpers.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\objectivec\objectivec_helpers.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\parser.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\parser.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\php\php_generator.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\php\php_generator.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\plugin.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\plugin.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\plugin.pb.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\plugin.pb.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\python\python_generator.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\python\python_generator.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\ruby\ruby_generator.h" include\google\protobuf\compiler\ruby\ruby_generator.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\descriptor.h" include\google\protobuf\descriptor.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\descriptor.pb.h" include\google\protobuf\descriptor.pb.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\descriptor_database.h" include\google\protobuf\descriptor_database.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\duration.pb.h" include\google\protobuf\duration.pb.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\dynamic_message.h" include\google\protobuf\dynamic_message.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\empty.pb.h" include\google\protobuf\empty.pb.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\extension_set.h" include\google\protobuf\extension_set.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\extension_set_inl.h" include\google\protobuf\extension_set_inl.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\field_mask.pb.h" include\google\protobuf\field_mask.pb.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\generated_enum_reflection.h" include\google\protobuf\generated_enum_reflection.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\generated_enum_util.h" include\google\protobuf\generated_enum_util.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\generated_message_reflection.h" include\google\protobuf\generated_message_reflection.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\generated_message_table_driven.h" include\google\protobuf\generated_message_table_driven.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\generated_message_util.h" include\google\protobuf\generated_message_util.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\has_bits.h" include\google\protobuf\has_bits.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\implicit_weak_message.h" include\google\protobuf\implicit_weak_message.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\inlined_string_field.h" include\google\protobuf\inlined_string_field.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\io\coded_stream.h" include\google\protobuf\io\coded_stream.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\io\gzip_stream.h" include\google\protobuf\io\gzip_stream.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\io\io_win32.h" include\google\protobuf\io\io_win32.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\io\printer.h" include\google\protobuf\io\printer.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\io\strtod.h" include\google\protobuf\io\strtod.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\io\tokenizer.h" include\google\protobuf\io\tokenizer.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\io\zero_copy_stream.h" include\google\protobuf\io\zero_copy_stream.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\io\zero_copy_stream_impl.h" include\google\protobuf\io\zero_copy_stream_impl.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\io\zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h" include\google\protobuf\io\zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\map.h" include\google\protobuf\map.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\map_entry.h" include\google\protobuf\map_entry.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\map_entry_lite.h" include\google\protobuf\map_entry_lite.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\map_field.h" include\google\protobuf\map_field.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\map_field_inl.h" include\google\protobuf\map_field_inl.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\map_field_lite.h" include\google\protobuf\map_field_lite.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\map_type_handler.h" include\google\protobuf\map_type_handler.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\message.h" include\google\protobuf\message.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\message_lite.h" include\google\protobuf\message_lite.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\metadata.h" include\google\protobuf\metadata.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\metadata_lite.h" include\google\protobuf\metadata_lite.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\parse_context.h" include\google\protobuf\parse_context.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\port.h" include\google\protobuf\port.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\port_def.inc" include\google\protobuf\port_def.inc
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\port_undef.inc" include\google\protobuf\port_undef.inc
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\reflection.h" include\google\protobuf\reflection.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\reflection_ops.h" include\google\protobuf\reflection_ops.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\repeated_field.h" include\google\protobuf\repeated_field.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\service.h" include\google\protobuf\service.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\source_context.pb.h" include\google\protobuf\source_context.pb.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\struct.pb.h" include\google\protobuf\struct.pb.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\bytestream.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\bytestream.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\callback.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\callback.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\casts.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\casts.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\common.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\common.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\fastmem.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\fastmem.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\hash.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\hash.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\logging.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\logging.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\macros.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\macros.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\map_util.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\map_util.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\mutex.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\mutex.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\once.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\once.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\platform_macros.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\platform_macros.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\port.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\port.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\status.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\status.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\stl_util.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\stl_util.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\stringpiece.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\stringpiece.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\strutil.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\strutil.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\stubs\template_util.h" include\google\protobuf\stubs\template_util.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\text_format.h" include\google\protobuf\text_format.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\timestamp.pb.h" include\google\protobuf\timestamp.pb.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\type.pb.h" include\google\protobuf\type.pb.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\unknown_field_set.h" include\google\protobuf\unknown_field_set.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\util\delimited_message_util.h" include\google\protobuf\util\delimited_message_util.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\util\field_comparator.h" include\google\protobuf\util\field_comparator.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\util\field_mask_util.h" include\google\protobuf\util\field_mask_util.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\util\json_util.h" include\google\protobuf\util\json_util.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\util\message_differencer.h" include\google\protobuf\util\message_differencer.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\util\time_util.h" include\google\protobuf\util\time_util.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\util\type_resolver.h" include\google\protobuf\util\type_resolver.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\util\type_resolver_util.h" include\google\protobuf\util\type_resolver_util.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\wire_format.h" include\google\protobuf\wire_format.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\wire_format_lite.h" include\google\protobuf\wire_format_lite.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\wrappers.pb.h" include\google\protobuf\wrappers.pb.h
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\any.proto" include\google\protobuf\any.proto
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\api.proto" include\google\protobuf\api.proto
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\compiler\plugin.proto" include\google\protobuf\compiler\plugin.proto
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\descriptor.proto" include\google\protobuf\descriptor.proto
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\duration.proto" include\google\protobuf\duration.proto
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\empty.proto" include\google\protobuf\empty.proto
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\field_mask.proto" include\google\protobuf\field_mask.proto
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\source_context.proto" include\google\protobuf\source_context.proto
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\struct.proto" include\google\protobuf\struct.proto
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\timestamp.proto" include\google\protobuf\timestamp.proto
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\type.proto" include\google\protobuf\type.proto
+copy "${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\..\src\google\protobuf\wrappers.proto" include\google\protobuf\wrappers.proto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/install.cmake b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/install.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be47c54a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/install.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+include(GNUInstallDirs)
+
+configure_file(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/protobuf.pc.cmake
+               ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/protobuf.pc @ONLY)
+configure_file(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/protobuf-lite.pc.cmake
+               ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/protobuf-lite.pc @ONLY)
+
+set(_protobuf_libraries libprotobuf-lite libprotobuf)
+if (protobuf_BUILD_PROTOC_BINARIES)
+    list(APPEND _protobuf_libraries libprotoc)
+endif (protobuf_BUILD_PROTOC_BINARIES)
+
+foreach(_library ${_protobuf_libraries})
+  set_property(TARGET ${_library}
+    PROPERTY INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
+    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${protobuf_source_dir}/src>
+    $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>)
+  if (UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
+    set_property(TARGET ${_library}
+      PROPERTY INSTALL_RPATH "$ORIGIN")
+  elseif (APPLE)
+    set_property(TARGET ${_library}
+      PROPERTY INSTALL_RPATH "@loader_path")
+  endif()
+  install(TARGETS ${_library} EXPORT protobuf-targets
+    RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} COMPONENT ${_library}
+    LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR} COMPONENT ${_library}
+    ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR} COMPONENT ${_library})
+endforeach()
+
+if (protobuf_BUILD_PROTOC_BINARIES)
+  install(TARGETS protoc EXPORT protobuf-targets
+    RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} COMPONENT protoc)
+  if (UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
+    set_property(TARGET protoc
+      PROPERTY INSTALL_RPATH "$ORIGIN/../${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}")
+  elseif (APPLE)
+    set_property(TARGET protoc
+      PROPERTY INSTALL_RPATH "@loader_path/../lib")
+  endif()
+endif (protobuf_BUILD_PROTOC_BINARIES)
+
+install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/protobuf.pc ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/protobuf-lite.pc DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig")
+
+file(STRINGS extract_includes.bat.in _extract_strings
+  REGEX "^copy")
+foreach(_extract_string ${_extract_strings})
+  string(REGEX REPLACE "^.* .+ include\\\\(.+)$" "\\1"
+    _header ${_extract_string})
+  string(REPLACE "\\" "/" _header ${_header})
+  get_filename_component(_extract_from "${protobuf_SOURCE_DIR}/../src/${_header}" ABSOLUTE)
+  get_filename_component(_extract_name ${_header} NAME)
+  get_filename_component(_extract_to "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/${_header}" PATH)
+  if(EXISTS "${_extract_from}")
+    install(FILES "${_extract_from}"
+      DESTINATION "${_extract_to}"
+      COMPONENT protobuf-headers
+      RENAME "${_extract_name}")
+  else()
+    message(AUTHOR_WARNING "The file \"${_extract_from}\" is listed in "
+      "\"${protobuf_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/extract_includes.bat.in\" "
+      "but there not exists. The file will not be installed.")
+  endif()
+endforeach()
+
+# Internal function for parsing auto tools scripts
+function(_protobuf_auto_list FILE_NAME VARIABLE)
+  file(STRINGS ${FILE_NAME} _strings)
+  set(_list)
+  foreach(_string ${_strings})
+    set(_found)
+    string(REGEX MATCH "^[ \t]*${VARIABLE}[ \t]*=[ \t]*" _found "${_string}")
+    if(_found)
+      string(LENGTH "${_found}" _length)
+      string(SUBSTRING "${_string}" ${_length} -1 _draft_list)
+      foreach(_item ${_draft_list})
+        string(STRIP "${_item}" _item)
+        list(APPEND _list "${_item}")
+      endforeach()
+    endif()
+  endforeach()
+  set(${VARIABLE} ${_list} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+# Install well-known type proto files
+_protobuf_auto_list("../src/Makefile.am" nobase_dist_proto_DATA)
+foreach(_file ${nobase_dist_proto_DATA})
+  get_filename_component(_file_from "../src/${_file}" ABSOLUTE)
+  get_filename_component(_file_name ${_file} NAME)
+  get_filename_component(_file_path ${_file} PATH)
+  if(EXISTS "${_file_from}")
+    install(FILES "${_file_from}"
+      DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/${_file_path}"
+      COMPONENT protobuf-protos
+      RENAME "${_file_name}")
+  else()
+    message(AUTHOR_WARNING "The file \"${_file_from}\" is listed in "
+      "\"${protobuf_SOURCE_DIR}/../src/Makefile.am\" as nobase_dist_proto_DATA "
+      "but there not exists. The file will not be installed.")
+  endif()
+endforeach()
+
+# Install configuration
+set(_cmakedir_desc "Directory relative to CMAKE_INSTALL to install the cmake configuration files")
+if(NOT MSVC)
+  set(CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/protobuf" CACHE STRING "${_cmakedir_desc}")
+else()
+  set(CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR "cmake" CACHE STRING "${_cmakedir_desc}")
+endif()
+mark_as_advanced(CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR)
+
+configure_file(protobuf-config.cmake.in
+  ${CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}/protobuf-config.cmake @ONLY)
+configure_file(protobuf-config-version.cmake.in
+  ${CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}/protobuf-config-version.cmake @ONLY)
+configure_file(protobuf-module.cmake.in
+  ${CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}/protobuf-module.cmake @ONLY)
+configure_file(protobuf-options.cmake
+  ${CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}/protobuf-options.cmake @ONLY)
+
+# Allows the build directory to be used as a find directory.
+
+if (protobuf_BUILD_PROTOC_BINARIES)
+  export(TARGETS libprotobuf-lite libprotobuf libprotoc protoc
+    NAMESPACE protobuf::
+    FILE ${CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}/protobuf-targets.cmake
+  )
+else (protobuf_BUILD_PROTOC_BINARIES)
+  export(TARGETS libprotobuf-lite libprotobuf
+    NAMESPACE protobuf::
+    FILE ${CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}/protobuf-targets.cmake
+  )
+endif (protobuf_BUILD_PROTOC_BINARIES)
+
+install(EXPORT protobuf-targets
+  DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}"
+  NAMESPACE protobuf::
+  COMPONENT protobuf-export)
+
+install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}/
+  DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}"
+  COMPONENT protobuf-export
+  PATTERN protobuf-targets.cmake EXCLUDE
+)
+
+option(protobuf_INSTALL_EXAMPLES "Install the examples folder" OFF)
+if(protobuf_INSTALL_EXAMPLES)
+  install(DIRECTORY ../examples/ DESTINATION examples
+    COMPONENT protobuf-examples)
+endif()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/libprotobuf-lite.cmake b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/libprotobuf-lite.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6bf86a277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/libprotobuf-lite.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+set(libprotobuf_lite_files
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/any_lite.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/arena.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven_lite.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/io_win32.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/strtod.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/parse_context.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/int128.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/structurally_valid.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc
+)
+
+set(libprotobuf_lite_includes
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/arena.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/arenastring.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/parse_context.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/strtod.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/int128.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/once.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h
+)
+
+if (MSVC)
+set(libprotobuf_lite_rc_files
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/version.rc
+)
+endif()
+
+add_library(libprotobuf-lite ${protobuf_SHARED_OR_STATIC}
+  ${libprotobuf_lite_files} ${libprotobuf_lite_includes} ${libprotobuf_lite_rc_files})
+target_link_libraries(libprotobuf-lite ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+if(protobuf_LINK_LIBATOMIC)
+  target_link_libraries(libprotobuf-lite atomic)
+endif()
+target_include_directories(libprotobuf-lite PUBLIC ${protobuf_source_dir}/src)
+if(MSVC AND protobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+  target_compile_definitions(libprotobuf-lite
+    PUBLIC  PROTOBUF_USE_DLLS
+    PRIVATE LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORTS)
+endif()
+set_target_properties(libprotobuf-lite PROPERTIES
+    VERSION ${protobuf_VERSION}
+    OUTPUT_NAME ${LIB_PREFIX}protobuf-lite
+    DEBUG_POSTFIX "${protobuf_DEBUG_POSTFIX}")
+add_library(protobuf::libprotobuf-lite ALIAS libprotobuf-lite)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/libprotobuf.cmake b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/libprotobuf.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c12596c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/libprotobuf.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+set(libprotobuf_files
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/any.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/map_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/message.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/service.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/time_util.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.cc
+)
+
+set(libprotobuf_includes
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/any.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/map_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/message.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/service.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/text_format.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/time_util.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h
+)
+
+if (MSVC)
+set(libprotobuf_rc_files
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/version.rc
+)
+endif()
+
+add_library(libprotobuf ${protobuf_SHARED_OR_STATIC}
+  ${libprotobuf_lite_files} ${libprotobuf_files} ${libprotobuf_includes} ${libprotobuf_rc_files})
+target_link_libraries(libprotobuf ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+if(protobuf_WITH_ZLIB)
+  target_link_libraries(libprotobuf ${ZLIB_LIBRARIES})
+endif()
+if(protobuf_LINK_LIBATOMIC)
+  target_link_libraries(libprotobuf atomic)
+endif()
+target_include_directories(libprotobuf PUBLIC ${protobuf_source_dir}/src)
+if(MSVC AND protobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+  target_compile_definitions(libprotobuf
+    PUBLIC  PROTOBUF_USE_DLLS
+    PRIVATE LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORTS)
+endif()
+set_target_properties(libprotobuf PROPERTIES
+    VERSION ${protobuf_VERSION}
+    OUTPUT_NAME ${LIB_PREFIX}protobuf
+    DEBUG_POSTFIX "${protobuf_DEBUG_POSTFIX}")
+add_library(protobuf::libprotobuf ALIAS libprotobuf)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/libprotoc.cmake b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/libprotoc.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b71f2f1ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/libprotoc.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+set(libprotoc_files
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_padding_optimizer.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_reflection_class.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_lite.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension_lite.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/well_known_types_embed.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/php/php_generator.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/zip_writer.cc
+)
+
+set(libprotoc_headers
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_layout_helper.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_padding_optimizer.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_reflection_class.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_lite.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension_lite.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_options.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_nsobject_methods.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/scc.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/zip_writer.h
+)
+
+if (MSVC)
+set(libprotoc_rc_files
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/version.rc
+)
+endif()
+
+add_library(libprotoc ${protobuf_SHARED_OR_STATIC}
+  ${libprotoc_files} ${libprotoc_headers} ${libprotoc_rc_files})
+target_link_libraries(libprotoc libprotobuf)
+if(MSVC AND protobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+  target_compile_definitions(libprotoc
+    PUBLIC  PROTOBUF_USE_DLLS
+    PRIVATE LIBPROTOC_EXPORTS)
+endif()
+set_target_properties(libprotoc PROPERTIES
+    COMPILE_DEFINITIONS LIBPROTOC_EXPORTS
+    VERSION ${protobuf_VERSION}
+    OUTPUT_NAME ${LIB_PREFIX}protoc
+    DEBUG_POSTFIX "${protobuf_DEBUG_POSTFIX}")
+add_library(protobuf::libprotoc ALIAS libprotoc)
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-config-version.cmake.in b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-config-version.cmake.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3fa01763e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-config-version.cmake.in
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+set(PACKAGE_VERSION "@protobuf_VERSION@")
+set(${PACKAGE_FIND_NAME}_VERSION_PRERELEASE "@protobuf_VERSION_PRERELEASE@" PARENT_SCOPE)
+
+# Prerelease versions cannot be passed in directly via the find_package command,
+# so we allow users to specify it in a variable
+if(NOT DEFINED "${PACKAGE_FIND_NAME}_FIND_VERSION_PRERELEASE")
+  set("${${PACKAGE_FIND_NAME}_FIND_VERSION_PRERELEASE}" "")
+else()
+  set(PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION ${PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION}-${${PACKAGE_FIND_NAME}_FIND_VERSION_PRERELEASE})
+endif()
+set(PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_PRERELEASE "${${PACKAGE_FIND_NAME}_FIND_VERSION_PRERELEASE}")
+
+# VERSION_EQUAL ignores the prerelease strings, so we use STREQUAL.
+if(PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION STREQUAL PACKAGE_VERSION)
+  set(PACKAGE_VERSION_EXACT TRUE)
+endif()
+
+set(PACKAGE_VERSION_COMPATIBLE TRUE) #Assume true until shown otherwise
+
+if(PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION) #Only perform version checks if one is given
+  if(NOT PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_MAJOR EQUAL "@protobuf_VERSION_MAJOR@")
+    set(PACKAGE_VERSION_COMPATIBLE FALSE)
+  elseif(PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION VERSION_GREATER PACKAGE_VERSION)
+    set(PACKAGE_VERSION_COMPATIBLE FALSE)
+  elseif(PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION VERSION_EQUAL PACKAGE_VERSION)
+    # Do not match prerelease versions to non-prerelease version requests.
+      if(NOT "@protobuf_VERSION_PRERELEASE@" STREQUAL "" AND PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_PRERELEASE STREQUAL "")
+      message(AUTHOR_WARNING "To use this prerelease version of ${PACKAGE_FIND_NAME}, set ${PACKAGE_FIND_NAME}_FIND_VERSION_PRERELEASE to '@protobuf_VERSION_PRERELEASE@' or greater.")
+      set(PACKAGE_VERSION_COMPATIBLE FALSE)
+    endif()
+
+    # Not robustly SemVer compliant, but protobuf never uses '.' separated prerelease identifiers.
+    if(PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_PRERELEASE STRGREATER "@protobuf_VERSION_PRERELEASE@")
+      set(PACKAGE_VERSION_COMPATIBLE FALSE)
+    endif()
+  endif()
+endif()
+
+# Check and save build options used to create this package
+macro(_check_and_save_build_option OPTION VALUE)
+  if(DEFINED ${PACKAGE_FIND_NAME}_${OPTION} AND
+    NOT ${PACKAGE_FIND_NAME}_${OPTION} STREQUAL ${VALUE})
+    set(PACKAGE_VERSION_UNSUITABLE TRUE)
+  endif()
+  set(${PACKAGE_FIND_NAME}_${OPTION} ${VALUE} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endmacro()
+_check_and_save_build_option(WITH_ZLIB @protobuf_WITH_ZLIB@)
+_check_and_save_build_option(MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME @protobuf_MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME@)
+_check_and_save_build_option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS @protobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS@)
+
+# if the installed or the using project don't have CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P set, ignore it:
+if(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P AND "@CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P@")
+  # check that the installed version has the same 32/64bit-ness as the one which is currently searching:
+  if(NOT CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL "@CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P@")
+    math(EXPR installedBits "@CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P@ * 8")
+    set(PACKAGE_VERSION "${PACKAGE_VERSION} (${installedBits}bit)")
+    set(PACKAGE_VERSION_UNSUITABLE TRUE)
+  endif()
+endif()
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-config.cmake.in b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-config.cmake.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..29e39d88a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-config.cmake.in
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+# User options
+include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/protobuf-options.cmake")
+
+# Depend packages
+@_protobuf_FIND_ZLIB@
+
+# Imported targets
+include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/protobuf-targets.cmake")
+
+function(protobuf_generate)
+  include(CMakeParseArguments)
+
+  set(_options APPEND_PATH)
+  set(_singleargs LANGUAGE OUT_VAR EXPORT_MACRO PROTOC_OUT_DIR)
+  if(COMMAND target_sources)
+    list(APPEND _singleargs TARGET)
+  endif()
+  set(_multiargs PROTOS IMPORT_DIRS GENERATE_EXTENSIONS)
+
+  cmake_parse_arguments(protobuf_generate "${_options}" "${_singleargs}" "${_multiargs}" "${ARGN}")
+
+  if(NOT protobuf_generate_PROTOS AND NOT protobuf_generate_TARGET)
+    message(SEND_ERROR "Error: protobuf_generate called without any targets or source files")
+    return()
+  endif()
+
+  if(NOT protobuf_generate_OUT_VAR AND NOT protobuf_generate_TARGET)
+    message(SEND_ERROR "Error: protobuf_generate called without a target or output variable")
+    return()
+  endif()
+
+  if(NOT protobuf_generate_LANGUAGE)
+    set(protobuf_generate_LANGUAGE cpp)
+  endif()
+  string(TOLOWER ${protobuf_generate_LANGUAGE} protobuf_generate_LANGUAGE)
+
+  if(NOT protobuf_generate_PROTOC_OUT_DIR)
+    set(protobuf_generate_PROTOC_OUT_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+  endif()
+
+  if(protobuf_generate_EXPORT_MACRO AND protobuf_generate_LANGUAGE STREQUAL cpp)
+    set(_dll_export_decl "dllexport_decl=${protobuf_generate_EXPORT_MACRO}:")
+  endif()
+
+  if(NOT protobuf_generate_GENERATE_EXTENSIONS)
+    if(protobuf_generate_LANGUAGE STREQUAL cpp)
+      set(protobuf_generate_GENERATE_EXTENSIONS .pb.h .pb.cc)
+    elseif(protobuf_generate_LANGUAGE STREQUAL python)
+      set(protobuf_generate_GENERATE_EXTENSIONS _pb2.py)
+    else()
+      message(SEND_ERROR "Error: protobuf_generate given unknown Language ${LANGUAGE}, please provide a value for GENERATE_EXTENSIONS")
+      return()
+    endif()
+  endif()
+
+  if(protobuf_generate_TARGET)
+    get_target_property(_source_list ${protobuf_generate_TARGET} SOURCES)
+    foreach(_file ${_source_list})
+      if(_file MATCHES "proto$")
+        list(APPEND protobuf_generate_PROTOS ${_file})
+      endif()
+    endforeach()
+  endif()
+
+  if(NOT protobuf_generate_PROTOS)
+    message(SEND_ERROR "Error: protobuf_generate could not find any .proto files")
+    return()
+  endif()
+
+  if(protobuf_generate_APPEND_PATH)
+    # Create an include path for each file specified
+    foreach(_file ${protobuf_generate_PROTOS})
+      get_filename_component(_abs_file ${_file} ABSOLUTE)
+      get_filename_component(_abs_path ${_abs_file} PATH)
+      list(FIND _protobuf_include_path ${_abs_path} _contains_already)
+      if(${_contains_already} EQUAL -1)
+          list(APPEND _protobuf_include_path -I ${_abs_path})
+      endif()
+    endforeach()
+  else()
+    set(_protobuf_include_path -I ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
+  endif()
+
+  foreach(DIR ${protobuf_generate_IMPORT_DIRS})
+    get_filename_component(ABS_PATH ${DIR} ABSOLUTE)
+    list(FIND _protobuf_include_path ${ABS_PATH} _contains_already)
+    if(${_contains_already} EQUAL -1)
+        list(APPEND _protobuf_include_path -I ${ABS_PATH})
+    endif()
+  endforeach()
+
+  set(_generated_srcs_all)
+  foreach(_proto ${protobuf_generate_PROTOS})
+    get_filename_component(_abs_file ${_proto} ABSOLUTE)
+    get_filename_component(_abs_dir ${_abs_file} DIRECTORY)
+    get_filename_component(_basename ${_proto} NAME_WE)
+    file(RELATIVE_PATH _rel_dir ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} ${_abs_dir})
+
+    set(_generated_srcs)
+    foreach(_ext ${protobuf_generate_GENERATE_EXTENSIONS})
+      list(APPEND _generated_srcs "${protobuf_generate_PROTOC_OUT_DIR}/${_rel_dir}/${_basename}${_ext}")
+    endforeach()
+    list(APPEND _generated_srcs_all ${_generated_srcs})
+
+    add_custom_command(
+      OUTPUT ${_generated_srcs}
+      COMMAND  protobuf::protoc
+      ARGS --${protobuf_generate_LANGUAGE}_out ${_dll_export_decl}${protobuf_generate_PROTOC_OUT_DIR} ${_protobuf_include_path} ${_abs_file}
+      DEPENDS ${_abs_file} protobuf::protoc
+      COMMENT "Running ${protobuf_generate_LANGUAGE} protocol buffer compiler on ${_proto}"
+      VERBATIM )
+  endforeach()
+
+  set_source_files_properties(${_generated_srcs_all} PROPERTIES GENERATED TRUE)
+  if(protobuf_generate_OUT_VAR)
+    set(${protobuf_generate_OUT_VAR} ${_generated_srcs_all} PARENT_SCOPE)
+  endif()
+  if(protobuf_generate_TARGET)
+    target_sources(${protobuf_generate_TARGET} PRIVATE ${_generated_srcs_all})
+  endif()
+
+endfunction()
+
+# CMake FindProtobuf module compatible file
+if(protobuf_MODULE_COMPATIBLE)
+  include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/protobuf-module.cmake")
+endif()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-lite.pc.cmake b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-lite.pc.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbe5426af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-lite.pc.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+prefix=@CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX@
+exec_prefix=@CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX@
+libdir=@CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_LIBDIR@
+includedir=@CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_INCLUDEDIR@
+
+Name: Protocol Buffers
+Description: Google's Data Interchange Format
+Version: @protobuf_VERSION@
+Libs: -L${libdir} -lprotobuf-lite @CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT@
+Cflags: -I${includedir} @CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT@
+Conflicts: protobuf
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-module.cmake.in b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-module.cmake.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74c548872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-module.cmake.in
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+# This file contains backwards compatibility patches for various legacy functions and variables
+# Functions
+
+function(PROTOBUF_GENERATE_CPP SRCS HDRS)
+  cmake_parse_arguments(protobuf_generate_cpp "" "EXPORT_MACRO" "" ${ARGN})
+
+  set(_proto_files "${protobuf_generate_cpp_UNPARSED_ARGUMENTS}")
+  if(NOT _proto_files)
+    message(SEND_ERROR "Error: PROTOBUF_GENERATE_CPP() called without any proto files")
+    return()
+  endif()
+
+  if(PROTOBUF_GENERATE_CPP_APPEND_PATH)
+    set(_append_arg APPEND_PATH)
+  endif()
+
+  if(DEFINED Protobuf_IMPORT_DIRS)
+    set(_import_arg IMPORT_DIRS ${Protobuf_IMPORT_DIRS})
+  endif()
+
+  set(_outvar)
+  protobuf_generate(${_append_arg} LANGUAGE cpp EXPORT_MACRO ${protobuf_generate_cpp_EXPORT_MACRO} OUT_VAR _outvar ${_import_arg} PROTOS ${_proto_files})
+
+  set(${SRCS})
+  set(${HDRS})
+  foreach(_file ${_outvar})
+    if(_file MATCHES "cc$")
+      list(APPEND ${SRCS} ${_file})
+    else()
+      list(APPEND ${HDRS} ${_file})
+    endif()
+  endforeach()
+  set(${SRCS} ${${SRCS}} PARENT_SCOPE)
+  set(${HDRS} ${${HDRS}} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(PROTOBUF_GENERATE_PYTHON SRCS)
+  if(NOT ARGN)
+    message(SEND_ERROR "Error: PROTOBUF_GENERATE_PYTHON() called without any proto files")
+    return()
+  endif()
+
+  if(PROTOBUF_GENERATE_CPP_APPEND_PATH)
+    set(_append_arg APPEND_PATH)
+  endif()
+
+  if(DEFINED Protobuf_IMPORT_DIRS)
+    set(_import_arg IMPORT_DIRS ${Protobuf_IMPORT_DIRS})
+  endif()
+
+  set(_outvar)
+  protobuf_generate(${_append_arg} LANGUAGE python OUT_VAR _outvar ${_import_arg} PROTOS ${ARGN})
+  set(${SRCS} ${_outvar} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+# Environment
+
+# Backwards compatibility
+# Define camel case versions of input variables
+foreach(UPPER
+    PROTOBUF_SRC_ROOT_FOLDER
+    PROTOBUF_IMPORT_DIRS
+    PROTOBUF_DEBUG
+    PROTOBUF_LIBRARY
+    PROTOBUF_PROTOC_LIBRARY
+    PROTOBUF_INCLUDE_DIR
+    PROTOBUF_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE
+    PROTOBUF_LIBRARY_DEBUG
+    PROTOBUF_PROTOC_LIBRARY_DEBUG
+    PROTOBUF_LITE_LIBRARY
+    PROTOBUF_LITE_LIBRARY_DEBUG
+    )
+    if (DEFINED ${UPPER})
+        string(REPLACE "PROTOBUF_" "Protobuf_" Camel ${UPPER})
+        if (NOT DEFINED ${Camel})
+            set(${Camel} ${${UPPER}})
+        endif()
+    endif()
+endforeach()
+
+if(DEFINED Protobuf_SRC_ROOT_FOLDER)
+  message(AUTHOR_WARNING "Variable Protobuf_SRC_ROOT_FOLDER defined, but not"
+    " used in CONFIG mode")
+endif()
+
+include(SelectLibraryConfigurations)
+
+# Internal function: search for normal library as well as a debug one
+#    if the debug one is specified also include debug/optimized keywords
+#    in *_LIBRARIES variable
+function(_protobuf_find_libraries name filename)
+  if(${name}_LIBRARIES)
+    # Use result recorded by a previous call.
+  elseif(${name}_LIBRARY)
+    # Honor cache entry used by CMake 3.5 and lower.
+    set(${name}_LIBRARIES "${${name}_LIBRARY}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+  else()
+    get_target_property(${name}_LIBRARY_RELEASE protobuf::lib${filename}
+      LOCATION_RELEASE)
+    get_target_property(${name}_LIBRARY_DEBUG protobuf::lib${filename}
+      LOCATION_DEBUG)
+
+    select_library_configurations(${name})
+    set(${name}_LIBRARY ${${name}_LIBRARY} PARENT_SCOPE)
+    set(${name}_LIBRARIES ${${name}_LIBRARIES} PARENT_SCOPE)
+  endif()
+endfunction()
+
+# Internal function: find threads library
+function(_protobuf_find_threads)
+    set(CMAKE_THREAD_PREFER_PTHREAD TRUE)
+    find_package(Threads)
+    if(Threads_FOUND)
+        list(APPEND PROTOBUF_LIBRARIES ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+        set(PROTOBUF_LIBRARIES "${PROTOBUF_LIBRARIES}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+    endif()
+endfunction()
+
+#
+# Main.
+#
+
+# By default have PROTOBUF_GENERATE_CPP macro pass -I to protoc
+# for each directory where a proto file is referenced.
+if(NOT DEFINED PROTOBUF_GENERATE_CPP_APPEND_PATH)
+  set(PROTOBUF_GENERATE_CPP_APPEND_PATH TRUE)
+endif()
+
+# The Protobuf library
+_protobuf_find_libraries(Protobuf protobuf)
+
+# The Protobuf Lite library
+_protobuf_find_libraries(Protobuf_LITE protobuf-lite)
+
+# The Protobuf Protoc Library
+_protobuf_find_libraries(Protobuf_PROTOC protoc)
+
+if(UNIX)
+  _protobuf_find_threads()
+endif()
+
+# Set the include directory
+get_target_property(Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIRS protobuf::libprotobuf
+  INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+
+# Set the protoc Executable
+get_target_property(Protobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE protobuf::protoc
+  IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE)
+if(NOT EXISTS "${Protobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE}")
+  get_target_property(Protobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE protobuf::protoc
+    IMPORTED_LOCATION_DEBUG)
+endif()
+if(NOT EXISTS "${Protobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE}")
+  get_target_property(Protobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE protobuf::protoc
+    IMPORTED_LOCATION_NOCONFIG)
+endif()
+
+# Version info variable
+set(Protobuf_VERSION "@protobuf_VERSION@")
+
+include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
+FIND_PACKAGE_HANDLE_STANDARD_ARGS(Protobuf
+    REQUIRED_VARS Protobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE Protobuf_LIBRARIES Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIRS
+    VERSION_VAR Protobuf_VERSION
+)
+
+# Backwards compatibility
+# Define upper case versions of output variables
+foreach(Camel
+    Protobuf_VERSION
+    Protobuf_SRC_ROOT_FOLDER
+    Protobuf_IMPORT_DIRS
+    Protobuf_DEBUG
+    Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIRS
+    Protobuf_LIBRARIES
+    Protobuf_PROTOC_LIBRARIES
+    Protobuf_LITE_LIBRARIES
+    Protobuf_LIBRARY
+    Protobuf_PROTOC_LIBRARY
+    Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIR
+    Protobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE
+    Protobuf_LIBRARY_DEBUG
+    Protobuf_PROTOC_LIBRARY_DEBUG
+    Protobuf_LITE_LIBRARY
+    Protobuf_LITE_LIBRARY_DEBUG
+    )
+    string(TOUPPER ${Camel} UPPER)
+    set(${UPPER} ${${Camel}})
+endforeach()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-options.cmake b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-options.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47fb15825
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf-options.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Verbose output
+option(protobuf_VERBOSE "Enable for verbose output" OFF)
+mark_as_advanced(protobuf_VERBOSE)
+
+# FindProtobuf module compatibel
+option(protobuf_MODULE_COMPATIBLE "CMake build-in FindProtobuf.cmake module compatible" OFF)
+mark_as_advanced(protobuf_MODULE_COMPATIBLE)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf.pc.cmake b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf.pc.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d33e98cca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protobuf.pc.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+prefix=@CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX@
+exec_prefix=@CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX@
+libdir=@CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_LIBDIR@
+includedir=@CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_INCLUDEDIR@
+
+Name: Protocol Buffers
+Description: Google's Data Interchange Format
+Version: @protobuf_VERSION@
+Libs: -L${libdir} -lprotobuf @CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT@
+Cflags: -I${includedir} @CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT@
+Conflicts: protobuf-lite
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protoc.cmake b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protoc.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f90e525e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/protoc.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+set(protoc_files
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/main.cc
+)
+
+if (MSVC)
+set(protoc_rc_files
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/version.rc
+)
+endif()
+
+add_executable(protoc ${protoc_files} ${protoc_rc_files})
+target_link_libraries(protoc libprotoc libprotobuf)
+add_executable(protobuf::protoc ALIAS protoc)
+
+set_target_properties(protoc PROPERTIES
+    VERSION ${protobuf_VERSION})
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/tests.cmake b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/tests.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d4b47c54e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/tests.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+if (NOT EXISTS "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../third_party/googletest/CMakeLists.txt")
+  message(FATAL_ERROR
+          "Cannot find third_party/googletest directory that's needed to "
+          "build tests. If you use git, make sure you have cloned submodules:\n"
+          "  git submodule update --init --recursive\n"
+          "If instead you want to skip tests, run cmake with:\n"
+          "  cmake -Dprotobuf_BUILD_TESTS=OFF\n")
+endif()
+
+option(protobuf_ABSOLUTE_TEST_PLUGIN_PATH
+  "Using absolute test_plugin path in tests" ON)
+mark_as_advanced(protobuf_ABSOLUTE_TEST_PLUGIN_PATH)
+
+set(googlemock_source_dir "${protobuf_source_dir}/third_party/googletest/googlemock")
+set(googletest_source_dir "${protobuf_source_dir}/third_party/googletest/googletest")
+include_directories(
+  ${googlemock_source_dir}
+  ${googletest_source_dir}
+  ${googletest_source_dir}/include
+  ${googlemock_source_dir}/include
+)
+
+add_library(gmock STATIC
+  "${googlemock_source_dir}/src/gmock-all.cc"
+  "${googletest_source_dir}/src/gtest-all.cc"
+)
+target_link_libraries(gmock ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+add_library(gmock_main STATIC "${googlemock_source_dir}/src/gmock_main.cc")
+target_link_libraries(gmock_main gmock)
+
+set(lite_test_protos
+  google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_lite.proto
+)
+
+set(tests_protos
+  google/protobuf/any_test.proto
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_bad_identifiers.proto
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_large_enum_value.proto
+  google/protobuf/map_proto2_unittest.proto
+  google/protobuf/map_unittest.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_arena.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_drop_unknown_fields.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_empty.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_custom_option.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_enum.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_import.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_field_presence.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum2.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena_lite.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_lite.proto
+  google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.proto
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.proto
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value.proto
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value_test.proto
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.proto
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.proto
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.proto
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.proto
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.proto
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.proto
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.proto
+  google/protobuf/util/json_format.proto
+  google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.proto
+  google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.proto
+)
+
+macro(compile_proto_file filename)
+  get_filename_component(dirname ${filename} PATH)
+  get_filename_component(basename ${filename} NAME_WE)
+  add_custom_command(
+    OUTPUT ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/${dirname}/${basename}.pb.cc
+    DEPENDS protoc ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/${dirname}/${basename}.proto
+    COMMAND protoc ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/${dirname}/${basename}.proto
+        --proto_path=${protobuf_source_dir}/src
+        --cpp_out=${protobuf_source_dir}/src
+  )
+endmacro(compile_proto_file)
+
+set(lite_test_proto_files)
+foreach(proto_file ${lite_test_protos})
+  compile_proto_file(${proto_file})
+  string(REPLACE .proto .pb.cc pb_file ${proto_file})
+  set(lite_test_proto_files ${lite_test_proto_files}
+      ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/${pb_file})
+endforeach(proto_file)
+
+set(tests_proto_files)
+foreach(proto_file ${tests_protos})
+  compile_proto_file(${proto_file})
+  string(REPLACE .proto .pb.cc pb_file ${proto_file})
+  set(tests_proto_files ${tests_proto_files}
+      ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/${pb_file})
+endforeach(proto_file)
+
+set(common_test_files
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.inc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/test_util.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/test_util.inc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/testing/googletest.cc
+)
+
+set(common_lite_test_files
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/test_util_lite.cc
+)
+
+set(tests_files
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/any_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/arena_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/arenastring_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/annotation_test_util.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_move_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_plugin_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.inc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/metadata_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_bootstrap_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_plugin_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_plugin_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/drop_unknown_fields_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/io_win32_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/printer_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/map_field_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/map_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.inc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/no_field_presence_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/preserve_unknown_enum_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/proto3_arena_lite_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/proto3_arena_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/proto3_lite_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/proto3_lite_unittest.inc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_reflection_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/int128_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/structurally_valid_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/template_util_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/text_format_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/time_util_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util_test.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/well_known_types_unittest.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_unittest.cc
+)
+
+set(non_msvc_tests_files
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc
+)
+
+set(all_tests_files
+  ${tests_files}
+  ${non_msvc_tests_files}
+)
+
+if(protobuf_ABSOLUTE_TEST_PLUGIN_PATH)
+  add_compile_options(-DGOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_PLUGIN_PATH="$<TARGET_FILE:test_plugin>")
+endif()
+
+if(MINGW)
+  set_source_files_properties(${all_tests_files} PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-Wno-narrowing")
+
+  # required for tests on MinGW Win64
+  if (CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 8)
+    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -Wl,--stack,16777216")
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wa,-mbig-obj")
+  endif()
+
+endif()
+
+add_executable(tests ${all_tests_files} ${common_test_files} ${tests_proto_files} ${lite_test_proto_files})
+target_link_libraries(tests libprotoc libprotobuf gmock_main)
+
+set(test_plugin_files
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.cc
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.h
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/test_plugin.cc
+)
+
+add_executable(test_plugin ${test_plugin_files})
+target_link_libraries(test_plugin libprotoc libprotobuf gmock)
+
+set(lite_test_files
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/lite_unittest.cc
+)
+add_executable(lite-test ${lite_test_files} ${common_lite_test_files} ${lite_test_proto_files})
+target_link_libraries(lite-test libprotobuf-lite gmock_main)
+
+set(lite_arena_test_files
+  ${protobuf_source_dir}/src/google/protobuf/lite_arena_unittest.cc
+)
+add_executable(lite-arena-test ${lite_arena_test_files} ${common_lite_test_files} ${lite_test_proto_files})
+target_link_libraries(lite-arena-test libprotobuf-lite gmock_main)
+
+add_custom_target(check
+  COMMAND tests
+  DEPENDS tests test_plugin
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY ${protobuf_source_dir})
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/version.rc.in b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/version.rc.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f6e7c4a3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/cmake/version.rc.in
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#define VS_FF_DEBUG 0x1L
+#define VS_VERSION_INFO 0x1L
+#define VS_FFI_FILEFLAGSMASK 0x17L
+#define VER_PRIVATEBUILD 0x0L
+#define VER_PRERELEASE 0x0L
+#define VOS__WINDOWS32 0x4L
+#define VFT_DLL 0x2L
+#define VFT2_UNKNOWN 0x0L
+
+#ifndef DEBUG
+#define VER_DEBUG 0
+#else
+#define VER_DEBUG VS_FF_DEBUG
+#endif
+
+
+VS_VERSION_INFO VERSIONINFO
+  FILEVERSION    @protobuf_RC_FILEVERSION@
+  PRODUCTVERSION @protobuf_RC_FILEVERSION@
+  FILEFLAGSMASK  VS_FFI_FILEFLAGSMASK
+  FILEFLAGS      VER_DEBUG
+  FILEOS         VOS__WINDOWS32
+  FILETYPE       VFT_DLL
+BEGIN
+    BLOCK "VarFileInfo"
+    BEGIN
+        // English language (0x409) and the Windows Unicode codepage (1200)
+        VALUE "Translation", 0x409, 1200
+    END
+    BLOCK "StringFileInfo"
+    BEGIN
+        BLOCK "040904b0"
+        BEGIN
+            VALUE "FileDescription", "Compiled with @CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID@ @CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION@\0"
+            VALUE "ProductVersion", "@protobuf_VERSION@\0"
+            VALUE "FileVersion", "@protobuf_VERSION@\0"
+            VALUE "InternalName", "protobuf\0"
+            VALUE "ProductName", "Protocol Buffers - Google's Data Interchange Format\0"
+            VALUE "CompanyName", "Google Inc.\0"
+            VALUE "LegalCopyright", "Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.\0"
+            VALUE "Licence", "BSD\0"
+            VALUE "Info", "https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/\0"
+        END
+    END
+END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/compiler_config_setting.bzl b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/compiler_config_setting.bzl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e52a6524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/compiler_config_setting.bzl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""Creates config_setting that allows selecting based on 'compiler' value."""
+
+def create_compiler_config_setting(name, value):
+    # The "do_not_use_tools_cpp_compiler_present" attribute exists to
+    # distinguish between older versions of Bazel that do not support
+    # "@bazel_tools//tools/cpp:compiler" flag_value, and newer ones that do.
+    # In the future, the only way to select on the compiler will be through
+    # flag_values{"@bazel_tools//tools/cpp:compiler"} and the else branch can
+    # be removed.
+    if hasattr(cc_common, "do_not_use_tools_cpp_compiler_present"):
+        native.config_setting(
+            name = name,
+            flag_values = {
+                "@bazel_tools//tools/cpp:compiler": value,
+            },
+        )
+    else:
+        native.config_setting(
+            name = name,
+            values = {"compiler": value},
+        )
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/composer.json b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c64ad220
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+  "name": "google/protobuf",
+  "type": "library",
+  "description": "proto library for PHP",
+  "keywords": ["proto"],
+  "homepage": "https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/",
+  "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+  "require": {
+    "php": ">=5.5.0"
+  },
+  "require-dev": {
+    "phpunit/phpunit": ">=4.8.0"
+  },
+  "suggest": {
+    "ext-bcmath": "Need to support JSON deserialization"
+  },
+  "autoload": {
+    "psr-4": {
+      "Google\\Protobuf\\": "php/src/Google/Protobuf",
+      "GPBMetadata\\Google\\Protobuf\\": "php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/configure.ac b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/configure.ac
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a86499a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/configure.ac
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+## Process this file with autoconf to produce configure.
+## In general, the safest way to proceed is to run ./autogen.sh
+
+AC_PREREQ(2.59)
+
+# Note:  If you change the version, you must also update it in:
+# * Protobuf.podspec
+# * csharp/Google.Protobuf.Tools.nuspec
+# * csharp/src/*/AssemblyInfo.cs
+# * csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Google.Protobuf.nuspec
+# * java/*/pom.xml
+# * python/google/protobuf/__init__.py
+# * protoc-artifacts/pom.xml
+# * src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h
+# * src/Makefile.am (Update -version-info for LDFLAGS if needed)
+#
+# In the SVN trunk, the version should always be the next anticipated release
+# version with the "-pre" suffix.  (We used to use "-SNAPSHOT" but this pushed
+# the size of one file name in the dist tarfile over the 99-char limit.)
+AC_INIT([Protocol Buffers],[3.11.4],[protobuf@googlegroups.com],[protobuf])
+
+AM_MAINTAINER_MODE([enable])
+
+AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR(src/google/protobuf/message.cc)
+# The config file is generated but not used by the source code, since we only
+# need very few of them, e.g. HAVE_PTHREAD and HAVE_ZLIB. Those macros are
+# passed down in CXXFLAGS manually in src/Makefile.am
+AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
+AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIR([m4])
+
+AC_ARG_VAR(DIST_LANG, [language to include in the distribution package (i.e., make dist)])
+case "$DIST_LANG" in
+  "") DIST_LANG=all ;;
+  all | cpp | csharp | java | python | javanano | objectivec | ruby | js | php) ;;
+  *) AC_MSG_FAILURE([unknown language: $DIST_LANG]) ;;
+esac
+AC_SUBST(DIST_LANG)
+
+# autoconf's default CXXFLAGS are usually "-g -O2".  These aren't necessarily
+# the best choice for libprotobuf.
+AS_IF([test "x${ac_cv_env_CFLAGS_set}" = "x"],
+      [CFLAGS=""])
+AS_IF([test "x${ac_cv_env_CXXFLAGS_set}" = "x"],
+      [CXXFLAGS=""])
+
+AC_CANONICAL_TARGET
+
+AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([1.9 tar-ustar subdir-objects])
+
+# Silent rules enabled: the output is minimal but informative.
+# In particular, the warnings from the compiler stick out very clearly.
+# To see all logs, use the --disable-silent-rules on configure or via make V=1
+AM_SILENT_RULES([yes])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH([zlib],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-zlib],
+    [include classes for streaming compressed data in and out @<:@default=check@:>@])],
+  [],[with_zlib=check])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH([zlib-include],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-zlib-include=PATH],
+    [zlib include directory])],
+  [CPPFLAGS="-I$withval $CPPFLAGS"])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH([zlib-lib],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-zlib-lib=PATH],
+    [zlib lib directory])],
+  [LDFLAGS="-L$withval $LDFLAGS"])
+
+AC_ARG_WITH([protoc],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-protoc=COMMAND],
+    [use the given protoc command instead of building a new one when building tests (useful for cross-compiling)])],
+  [],[with_protoc=no])
+
+# Checks for programs.
+AC_PROG_CC
+AC_PROG_CXX
+AC_PROG_CXX_FOR_BUILD
+AC_LANG([C++])
+ACX_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS
+m4_ifdef([AM_PROG_AR], [AM_PROG_AR])
+AM_CONDITIONAL(GCC, test "$GCC" = yes)   # let the Makefile know if we're gcc
+AC_PROG_OBJC
+
+# test_util.cc takes forever to compile with GCC and optimization turned on.
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([C++ compiler flags...])
+AS_IF([test "x${ac_cv_env_CXXFLAGS_set}" = "x"],[
+  AS_IF([test "$GCC" = "yes"],[
+    PROTOBUF_OPT_FLAG="-O2"
+    CXXFLAGS="${CXXFLAGS} -g"
+  ])
+
+  # Protocol Buffers contains several checks that are intended to be used only
+  # for debugging and which might hurt performance.  Most users are probably
+  # end users who don't want these checks, so add -DNDEBUG by default.
+  CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -std=c++11 -DNDEBUG"
+
+  AC_MSG_RESULT([use default: $PROTOBUF_OPT_FLAG $CXXFLAGS])
+],[
+  AC_MSG_RESULT([use user-supplied: $CXXFLAGS])
+])
+
+AC_SUBST(PROTOBUF_OPT_FLAG)
+
+ACX_CHECK_SUNCC
+
+# Have to do libtool after SUNCC, other wise it "helpfully" adds Crun Cstd
+# to the link
+AC_PROG_LIBTOOL
+
+# Check whether the linker supports version scripts
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether the linker supports version scripts])
+save_LDFLAGS=$LDFLAGS
+LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,--version-script=conftest.map"
+cat > conftest.map <<EOF
+{
+  global:
+    main;
+  local:
+    *;
+};
+EOF
+AC_LINK_IFELSE(
+  [AC_LANG_SOURCE([int main() { return 0; }])],
+  [have_ld_version_script=yes; AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)],
+  [have_ld_version_script=no; AC_MSG_RESULT(no)])
+LDFLAGS=$save_LDFLAGS
+AM_CONDITIONAL([HAVE_LD_VERSION_SCRIPT], [test "$have_ld_version_script" == "yes"])
+
+# Checks for header files.
+AC_HEADER_STDC
+AC_CHECK_HEADERS([fcntl.h inttypes.h limits.h stdlib.h unistd.h])
+
+# Checks for library functions.
+AC_FUNC_MEMCMP
+AC_FUNC_STRTOD
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS([ftruncate memset mkdir strchr strerror strtol])
+
+# Check for zlib.
+HAVE_ZLIB=0
+AS_IF([test "$with_zlib" != no], [
+  AC_MSG_CHECKING([zlib version])
+
+  # First check the zlib header version.
+  AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
+    [AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+        #include <zlib.h>
+        #if !defined(ZLIB_VERNUM) || (ZLIB_VERNUM < 0x1204)
+        # error zlib version too old
+        #endif
+        ]], [])], [
+    AC_MSG_RESULT([ok (1.2.0.4 or later)])
+
+    # Also need to add -lz to the linker flags and make sure this succeeds.
+    AC_SEARCH_LIBS([zlibVersion], [z], [
+      AC_DEFINE([HAVE_ZLIB], [1], [Enable classes using zlib compression.])
+      HAVE_ZLIB=1
+    ], [
+      AS_IF([test "$with_zlib" != check], [
+        AC_MSG_FAILURE([--with-zlib was given, but no working zlib library was found])
+      ])
+    ])
+  ], [
+    AS_IF([test "$with_zlib" = check], [
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([headers missing or too old (requires 1.2.0.4)])
+    ], [
+      AC_MSG_FAILURE([--with-zlib was given, but zlib headers were not present or were too old (requires 1.2.0.4)])
+    ])
+  ])
+])
+AM_CONDITIONAL([HAVE_ZLIB], [test $HAVE_ZLIB = 1])
+
+# Add -std=c++11 if necesssary. It is important for us to do this before the
+# libatomic check below, since that also depends on C++11.
+AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX([11], [noext], [mandatory])
+
+dnl On some platforms, std::atomic needs a helper library
+AC_MSG_CHECKING(whether -latomic is needed)
+AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[
+  #include <atomic>
+  #include <cstdint>
+  std::atomic<std::int64_t> v;
+  int main() {
+    return v;
+  }
+]])], STD_ATOMIC_NEED_LIBATOMIC=no, STD_ATOMIC_NEED_LIBATOMIC=yes)
+AC_MSG_RESULT($STD_ATOMIC_NEED_LIBATOMIC)
+if test "x$STD_ATOMIC_NEED_LIBATOMIC" = xyes; then
+  LIBATOMIC_LIBS="-latomic"
+fi
+AC_SUBST([LIBATOMIC_LIBS])
+
+AS_IF([test "$with_protoc" != "no"], [
+  PROTOC=$with_protoc
+  AS_IF([test "$with_protoc" = "yes"], [
+    # No argument given.  Use system protoc.
+    PROTOC=protoc
+  ])
+  AS_IF([echo "$PROTOC" | grep -q '^@<:@^/@:>@.*/'], [
+    # Does not start with a slash, but contains a slash.  So, it's a relative
+    # path (as opposed to an absolute path or an executable in $PATH).
+    # Since it will actually be executed from the src directory, prefix with
+    # the current directory.  We also insert $ac_top_build_prefix in case this
+    # is a nested package and --with-protoc was actually given on the outer
+    # package's configure script.
+    PROTOC=`pwd`/${ac_top_build_prefix}$PROTOC
+  ])
+  AC_SUBST([PROTOC])
+])
+AM_CONDITIONAL([USE_EXTERNAL_PROTOC], [test "$with_protoc" != "no"])
+
+AX_PTHREAD
+AM_CONDITIONAL([HAVE_PTHREAD], [test "x$ax_pthread_ok" = "xyes"])
+# We still keep this for improving pbconfig.h for unsupported platforms.
+AC_CXX_STL_HASH
+
+# Enable ObjC support for conformance directory on OS X.
+OBJC_CONFORMANCE_TEST=0
+case "$target_os" in
+  darwin*)
+    OBJC_CONFORMANCE_TEST=1
+    ;;
+esac
+AM_CONDITIONAL([OBJC_CONFORMANCE_TEST], [test $OBJC_CONFORMANCE_TEST = 1])
+
+# HACK:  Make gmock's configure script pick up our copy of CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS,
+#   since the flags added by ACX_CHECK_SUNCC must be used when compiling gmock
+#   too.
+export CFLAGS
+export CXXFLAGS
+AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS([third_party/googletest])
+
+AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile src/Makefile benchmarks/Makefile conformance/Makefile protobuf.pc protobuf-lite.pc])
+AC_OUTPUT
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/ConformanceJava.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/ConformanceJava.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa4dfb774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/ConformanceJava.java
@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessage;
+import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
+import com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream;
+import com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry;
+import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+import com.google.protobuf.Parser;
+import com.google.protobuf.TextFormat;
+import com.google.protobuf.conformance.Conformance;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.JsonFormat;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.JsonFormat.TypeRegistry;
+import com.google.protobuf_test_messages.proto2.TestMessagesProto2;
+import com.google.protobuf_test_messages.proto2.TestMessagesProto2.TestAllTypesProto2;
+import com.google.protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestMessagesProto3;
+import com.google.protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestMessagesProto3.TestAllTypesProto3;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+class ConformanceJava {
+  private int testCount = 0;
+  private TypeRegistry typeRegistry;
+
+  private boolean readFromStdin(byte[] buf, int len) throws Exception {
+    int ofs = 0;
+    while (len > 0) {
+      int read = System.in.read(buf, ofs, len);
+      if (read == -1) {
+        return false;  // EOF
+      }
+      ofs += read;
+      len -= read;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private void writeToStdout(byte[] buf) throws Exception {
+    System.out.write(buf);
+  }
+
+  // Returns -1 on EOF (the actual values will always be positive).
+  private int readLittleEndianIntFromStdin() throws Exception {
+    byte[] buf = new byte[4];
+    if (!readFromStdin(buf, 4)) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    return (buf[0] & 0xff)
+        | ((buf[1] & 0xff) << 8)
+        | ((buf[2] & 0xff) << 16)
+        | ((buf[3] & 0xff) << 24);
+  }
+
+  private void writeLittleEndianIntToStdout(int val) throws Exception {
+    byte[] buf = new byte[4];
+    buf[0] = (byte)val;
+    buf[1] = (byte)(val >> 8);
+    buf[2] = (byte)(val >> 16);
+    buf[3] = (byte)(val >> 24);
+    writeToStdout(buf);
+  }
+
+  private enum BinaryDecoderType {
+    BTYE_STRING_DECODER,
+    BYTE_ARRAY_DECODER,
+    ARRAY_BYTE_BUFFER_DECODER,
+    READONLY_ARRAY_BYTE_BUFFER_DECODER,
+    DIRECT_BYTE_BUFFER_DECODER,
+    READONLY_DIRECT_BYTE_BUFFER_DECODER,
+    INPUT_STREAM_DECODER;
+  }
+
+  private static class BinaryDecoder <MessageType extends AbstractMessage> {
+    public MessageType decode (ByteString bytes, BinaryDecoderType type,
+        Parser <MessageType> parser, ExtensionRegistry extensions)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      switch (type) {
+        case BTYE_STRING_DECODER:
+          return parser.parseFrom(bytes, extensions);
+        case BYTE_ARRAY_DECODER:
+          return parser.parseFrom(bytes.toByteArray(), extensions);
+        case ARRAY_BYTE_BUFFER_DECODER: {
+          ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.size());
+          bytes.copyTo(buffer);
+          buffer.flip();
+          try {
+            return parser.parseFrom(CodedInputStream.newInstance(buffer), extensions);
+          } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+            throw e;
+          }
+        }
+        case READONLY_ARRAY_BYTE_BUFFER_DECODER: {
+          try {
+            return parser.parseFrom(
+                CodedInputStream.newInstance(bytes.asReadOnlyByteBuffer()), extensions);
+          } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+            throw e;
+          }
+        }
+        case DIRECT_BYTE_BUFFER_DECODER: {
+          ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(bytes.size());
+          bytes.copyTo(buffer);
+          buffer.flip();
+          try {
+            return parser.parseFrom(CodedInputStream.newInstance(buffer), extensions);
+          } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+            throw e;
+          }
+        }
+        case READONLY_DIRECT_BYTE_BUFFER_DECODER: {
+          ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(bytes.size());
+          bytes.copyTo(buffer);
+          buffer.flip();
+          try {
+            return parser.parseFrom(
+                CodedInputStream.newInstance(buffer.asReadOnlyBuffer()), extensions);
+          } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+            throw e;
+          }
+        }
+        case INPUT_STREAM_DECODER: {
+          try {
+            return parser.parseFrom(bytes.newInput(), extensions);
+          } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+            throw e;
+          }
+        }
+        default :
+          return null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private <MessageType extends AbstractMessage> MessageType parseBinary(
+      ByteString bytes, Parser <MessageType> parser, ExtensionRegistry extensions)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    ArrayList <MessageType> messages = new ArrayList <MessageType> ();
+    ArrayList <InvalidProtocolBufferException> exceptions =
+        new ArrayList <InvalidProtocolBufferException>();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < BinaryDecoderType.values().length; i++) {
+      messages.add(null);
+      exceptions.add(null);
+    }
+    BinaryDecoder <MessageType> decoder = new BinaryDecoder <MessageType> ();
+
+    boolean hasMessage = false;
+    boolean hasException = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < BinaryDecoderType.values().length; ++i) {
+      try {
+        //= BinaryDecoderType.values()[i].parseProto3(bytes);
+        messages.set(i, decoder.decode(bytes, BinaryDecoderType.values()[i], parser, extensions));
+        hasMessage = true;
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        exceptions.set(i, e);
+        hasException = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (hasMessage && hasException) {
+      StringBuilder sb =
+          new StringBuilder("Binary decoders disagreed on whether the payload was valid.\n");
+      for (int i = 0; i < BinaryDecoderType.values().length; ++i) {
+        sb.append(BinaryDecoderType.values()[i].name());
+        if (messages.get(i) != null) {
+          sb.append(" accepted the payload.\n");
+        } else {
+          sb.append(" rejected the payload.\n");
+        }
+      }
+      throw new RuntimeException(sb.toString());
+    }
+
+    if (hasException) {
+      // We do not check if exceptions are equal. Different implementations may return different
+      // exception messages. Throw an arbitrary one out instead.
+      throw exceptions.get(0);
+    }
+
+    // Fast path comparing all the messages with the first message, assuming equality being
+    // symmetric and transitive.
+    boolean allEqual = true;
+    for (int i = 1; i < messages.size(); ++i) {
+      if (!messages.get(0).equals(messages.get(i))) {
+        allEqual = false;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Slow path: compare and find out all unequal pairs.
+    if (!allEqual) {
+      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+      for (int i = 0; i < messages.size() - 1; ++i) {
+        for (int j = i + 1; j < messages.size(); ++j) {
+          if (!messages.get(i).equals(messages.get(j))) {
+            sb.append(BinaryDecoderType.values()[i].name())
+                .append(" and ")
+                .append(BinaryDecoderType.values()[j].name())
+                .append(" parsed the payload differently.\n");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      throw new RuntimeException(sb.toString());
+    }
+
+    return messages.get(0);
+  }
+
+  private Conformance.ConformanceResponse doTest(Conformance.ConformanceRequest request) {
+    com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessage testMessage;
+    boolean isProto3 = request.getMessageType().equals("protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3");
+    boolean isProto2 = request.getMessageType().equals("protobuf_test_messages.proto2.TestAllTypesProto2");
+
+    switch (request.getPayloadCase()) {
+      case PROTOBUF_PAYLOAD: {
+        if (isProto3) {
+          try {
+            ExtensionRegistry extensions = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+            TestMessagesProto3.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+            testMessage = parseBinary(request.getProtobufPayload(), TestAllTypesProto3.parser(), extensions);
+          } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+            return Conformance.ConformanceResponse.newBuilder().setParseError(e.getMessage()).build();
+          }
+        } else if (isProto2) {
+          try {
+            ExtensionRegistry extensions = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+            TestMessagesProto2.registerAllExtensions(extensions);
+            testMessage = parseBinary(request.getProtobufPayload(), TestAllTypesProto2.parser(), extensions);
+          } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+            return Conformance.ConformanceResponse.newBuilder().setParseError(e.getMessage()).build();
+          }
+        } else {
+          throw new RuntimeException("Protobuf request doesn't have specific payload type.");
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case JSON_PAYLOAD: {
+        try {
+          TestMessagesProto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Builder builder =
+              TestMessagesProto3.TestAllTypesProto3.newBuilder();
+          JsonFormat.Parser parser = JsonFormat.parser().usingTypeRegistry(typeRegistry);
+          if (request.getTestCategory()
+              == Conformance.TestCategory.JSON_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_PARSING_TEST) {
+            parser = parser.ignoringUnknownFields();
+          }
+          parser.merge(request.getJsonPayload(), builder);
+          testMessage = builder.build();
+        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+          return Conformance.ConformanceResponse.newBuilder().setParseError(e.getMessage()).build();
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case TEXT_PAYLOAD: {
+        if (isProto3) {
+          try {
+            TestMessagesProto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Builder builder =
+                TestMessagesProto3.TestAllTypesProto3.newBuilder();
+            TextFormat.merge(request.getTextPayload(), builder);
+            testMessage = builder.build();
+          } catch (TextFormat.ParseException e) {
+              return Conformance.ConformanceResponse.newBuilder()
+                  .setParseError(e.getMessage())
+                  .build();
+          }
+        } else if (isProto2) {
+          try {
+            TestMessagesProto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Builder builder =
+                TestMessagesProto2.TestAllTypesProto2.newBuilder();
+            TextFormat.merge(request.getTextPayload(), builder);
+            testMessage = builder.build();
+          } catch (TextFormat.ParseException e) {
+              return Conformance.ConformanceResponse.newBuilder()
+                  .setParseError(e.getMessage())
+                  .build();
+          }
+        } else {
+          throw new RuntimeException("Protobuf request doesn't have specific payload type.");
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case PAYLOAD_NOT_SET: {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Request didn't have payload.");
+      }
+
+      default: {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected payload case.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    switch (request.getRequestedOutputFormat()) {
+      case UNSPECIFIED:
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unspecified output format.");
+
+      case PROTOBUF: {
+        ByteString MessageString = testMessage.toByteString();
+        return Conformance.ConformanceResponse.newBuilder().setProtobufPayload(MessageString).build();
+      }
+
+      case JSON:
+        try {
+          return Conformance.ConformanceResponse.newBuilder().setJsonPayload(
+              JsonFormat.printer().usingTypeRegistry(typeRegistry).print(testMessage)).build();
+        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
+          return Conformance.ConformanceResponse.newBuilder().setSerializeError(
+              e.getMessage()).build();
+        }
+
+      case TEXT_FORMAT:
+        return Conformance.ConformanceResponse.newBuilder().setTextPayload(
+            TextFormat.printToString(testMessage)).build();
+
+      default: {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected request output.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean doTestIo() throws Exception {
+    int bytes = readLittleEndianIntFromStdin();
+
+    if (bytes == -1) {
+      return false;  // EOF
+    }
+
+    byte[] serializedInput = new byte[bytes];
+
+    if (!readFromStdin(serializedInput, bytes)) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected EOF from test program.");
+    }
+
+    Conformance.ConformanceRequest request =
+        Conformance.ConformanceRequest.parseFrom(serializedInput);
+    Conformance.ConformanceResponse response = doTest(request);
+    byte[] serializedOutput = response.toByteArray();
+
+    writeLittleEndianIntToStdout(serializedOutput.length);
+    writeToStdout(serializedOutput);
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  public void run() throws Exception {
+    typeRegistry = TypeRegistry.newBuilder().add(
+        TestMessagesProto3.TestAllTypesProto3.getDescriptor()).build();
+    while (doTestIo()) {
+      this.testCount++;
+    }
+
+    System.err.println("ConformanceJava: received EOF from test runner after " +
+        this.testCount + " tests");
+  }
+
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+    new ConformanceJava().run();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/ConformanceJavaLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/ConformanceJavaLite.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..147738dcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/ConformanceJavaLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import com.google.protobuf.conformance.Conformance;
+import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+class ConformanceJavaLite {
+  private int testCount = 0;
+
+  private boolean readFromStdin(byte[] buf, int len) throws Exception {
+    int ofs = 0;
+    while (len > 0) {
+      int read = System.in.read(buf, ofs, len);
+      if (read == -1) {
+        return false;  // EOF
+      }
+      ofs += read;
+      len -= read;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private void writeToStdout(byte[] buf) throws Exception {
+    System.out.write(buf);
+  }
+
+  // Returns -1 on EOF (the actual values will always be positive).
+  private int readLittleEndianIntFromStdin() throws Exception {
+    byte[] buf = new byte[4];
+    if (!readFromStdin(buf, 4)) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    return (buf[0] & 0xff)
+        | ((buf[1] & 0xff) << 8)
+        | ((buf[2] & 0xff) << 16)
+        | ((buf[3] & 0xff) << 24);
+  }
+
+  private void writeLittleEndianIntToStdout(int val) throws Exception {
+    byte[] buf = new byte[4];
+    buf[0] = (byte)val;
+    buf[1] = (byte)(val >> 8);
+    buf[2] = (byte)(val >> 16);
+    buf[3] = (byte)(val >> 24);
+    writeToStdout(buf);
+  }
+
+  private Conformance.ConformanceResponse doTest(Conformance.ConformanceRequest request) {
+    Conformance.TestAllTypes testMessage;
+
+    switch (request.getPayloadCase()) {
+      case PROTOBUF_PAYLOAD: {
+        try {
+          testMessage = Conformance.TestAllTypes.parseFrom(request.getProtobufPayload());
+        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+          return Conformance.ConformanceResponse.newBuilder().setParseError(e.getMessage()).build();
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case JSON_PAYLOAD: {
+        return Conformance.ConformanceResponse.newBuilder().setSkipped(
+            "Lite runtime does not support JSON format.").build();
+      }
+      case PAYLOAD_NOT_SET: {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Request didn't have payload.");
+      }
+
+      default: {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected payload case.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    switch (request.getRequestedOutputFormat()) {
+      case UNSPECIFIED:
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unspecified output format.");
+
+      case PROTOBUF:
+        return Conformance.ConformanceResponse.newBuilder().setProtobufPayload(testMessage.toByteString()).build();
+
+      case JSON:
+        return Conformance.ConformanceResponse.newBuilder().setSkipped(
+            "Lite runtime does not support JSON format.").build();
+
+      default: {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected request output.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean doTestIo() throws Exception {
+    int bytes = readLittleEndianIntFromStdin();
+
+    if (bytes == -1) {
+      return false;  // EOF
+    }
+
+    byte[] serializedInput = new byte[bytes];
+
+    if (!readFromStdin(serializedInput, bytes)) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected EOF from test program.");
+    }
+
+    Conformance.ConformanceRequest request =
+        Conformance.ConformanceRequest.parseFrom(serializedInput);
+    Conformance.ConformanceResponse response = doTest(request);
+    byte[] serializedOutput = response.toByteArray();
+
+    writeLittleEndianIntToStdout(serializedOutput.length);
+    writeToStdout(serializedOutput);
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  public void run() throws Exception {
+    while (doTestIo()) {
+      this.testCount++;
+    }
+
+    System.err.println("ConformanceJavaLite: received EOF from test runner after " +
+        this.testCount + " tests");
+  }
+
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+    new ConformanceJavaLite().run();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/Makefile.am b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..698b110ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+## Process this file with automake to produce Makefile.in
+
+conformance_protoc_inputs =                                    \
+  conformance.proto                                            \
+  $(top_srcdir)/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.proto
+
+# proto2 input files, should be separated with proto3, as we
+# can't generate proto2 files for ruby, php and objc
+conformance_proto2_protoc_inputs =                             \
+  $(top_srcdir)/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto
+
+well_known_type_protoc_inputs =                                \
+  $(top_srcdir)/src/google/protobuf/any.proto                  \
+  $(top_srcdir)/src/google/protobuf/duration.proto             \
+  $(top_srcdir)/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto           \
+  $(top_srcdir)/src/google/protobuf/struct.proto               \
+  $(top_srcdir)/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto            \
+  $(top_srcdir)/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+
+protoc_outputs =                                               \
+  conformance.pb.cc                                            \
+  conformance.pb.h
+
+other_language_protoc_outputs =                                \
+  conformance_pb2.py                                           \
+  Conformance.pbobjc.h                                         \
+  Conformance.pbobjc.m                                         \
+  conformance_pb.js                                            \
+  conformance_pb.rb                                            \
+  com/google/protobuf/Any.java                                 \
+  com/google/protobuf/AnyOrBuilder.java                        \
+  com/google/protobuf/AnyProto.java                            \
+  com/google/protobuf/BoolValue.java                           \
+  com/google/protobuf/BoolValueOrBuilder.java                  \
+  com/google/protobuf/BytesValue.java                          \
+  com/google/protobuf/BytesValueOrBuilder.java                 \
+  com/google/protobuf/conformance/Conformance.java             \
+  com/google/protobuf/DoubleValue.java                         \
+  com/google/protobuf/DoubleValueOrBuilder.java                \
+  com/google/protobuf/Duration.java                            \
+  com/google/protobuf/DurationOrBuilder.java                   \
+  com/google/protobuf/DurationProto.java                       \
+  com/google/protobuf/FieldMask.java                           \
+  com/google/protobuf/FieldMaskOrBuilder.java                  \
+  com/google/protobuf/FieldMaskProto.java                      \
+  com/google/protobuf/FloatValue.java                          \
+  com/google/protobuf/FloatValueOrBuilder.java                 \
+  com/google/protobuf/Int32Value.java                          \
+  com/google/protobuf/Int32ValueOrBuilder.java                 \
+  com/google/protobuf/Int64Value.java                          \
+  com/google/protobuf/Int64ValueOrBuilder.java                 \
+  com/google/protobuf/ListValue.java                           \
+  com/google/protobuf/ListValueOrBuilder.java                  \
+  com/google/protobuf/NullValue.java                           \
+  com/google/protobuf/StringValue.java                         \
+  com/google/protobuf/StringValueOrBuilder.java                \
+  com/google/protobuf/Struct.java                              \
+  com/google/protobuf/StructOrBuilder.java                     \
+  com/google/protobuf/StructProto.java                         \
+  com/google/protobuf/Timestamp.java                           \
+  com/google/protobuf/TimestampOrBuilder.java                  \
+  com/google/protobuf/TimestampProto.java                      \
+  com/google/protobuf/UInt32Value.java                         \
+  com/google/protobuf/UInt32ValueOrBuilder.java                \
+  com/google/protobuf/UInt64Value.java                         \
+  com/google/protobuf/UInt64ValueOrBuilder.java                \
+  com/google/protobuf/Value.java                               \
+  com/google/protobuf/ValueOrBuilder.java                      \
+  com/google/protobuf/WrappersProto.java                       \
+  com/google/protobuf_test_messages/proto3/TestMessagesProto3.java \
+  com/google/protobuf_test_messages/proto2/TestMessagesProto2.java \
+  google/protobuf/any.pb.cc                                    \
+  google/protobuf/any.pb.h                                     \
+  google/protobuf/any.rb                                       \
+  google/protobuf/any_pb2.py                                   \
+  google/protobuf/duration.pb.cc                               \
+  google/protobuf/duration.pb.h                                \
+  google/protobuf/duration.rb                                  \
+  google/protobuf/duration_pb2.py                              \
+  google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.cc                             \
+  google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h                              \
+  google/protobuf/field_mask.rb                                \
+  google/protobuf/field_mask_pb2.py                            \
+  google/protobuf/struct.pb.cc                                 \
+  google/protobuf/struct.pb.h                                  \
+  google/protobuf/struct.rb                                    \
+  google/protobuf/struct_pb2.py                                \
+  google/protobuf/TestMessagesProto2.pbobjc.h                  \
+  google/protobuf/TestMessagesProto2.pbobjc.m                  \
+  google/protobuf/TestMessagesProto3.pbobjc.h                  \
+  google/protobuf/TestMessagesProto3.pbobjc.m                  \
+  google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.pb.cc                   \
+  google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.pb.h                    \
+  google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.pb.cc                   \
+  google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.pb.h                    \
+  google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3_pb.rb                   \
+  google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3_pb2.py                  \
+  google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2_pb2.py                  \
+  google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.cc                              \
+  google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/timestamp.rb                                 \
+  google/protobuf/timestamp_pb2.py                             \
+  google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.cc                               \
+  google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h                                \
+  google/protobuf/wrappers.rb                                  \
+  google/protobuf/wrappers_pb2.py                              \
+  Conformance/ConformanceRequest.php                           \
+  Conformance/ConformanceResponse.php                          \
+  Conformance/FailureSet.php                                   \
+  Conformance/WireFormat.php                                   \
+  GPBMetadata/Conformance.php                                  \
+  GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Any.php                          \
+  GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Duration.php                     \
+  GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/FieldMask.php                    \
+  GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Struct.php                       \
+  GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/TestMessagesProto3.php           \
+  GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Timestamp.php                    \
+  GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Wrappers.php                     \
+  Google/Protobuf/Any.php                                      \
+  Google/Protobuf/BoolValue.php                                \
+  Google/Protobuf/BytesValue.php                               \
+  Google/Protobuf/DoubleValue.php                              \
+  Google/Protobuf/Duration.php                                 \
+  Google/Protobuf/FieldMask.php                                \
+  Google/Protobuf/FloatValue.php                               \
+  Google/Protobuf/Int32Value.php                               \
+  Google/Protobuf/Int64Value.php                               \
+  Google/Protobuf/ListValue.php                                \
+  Google/Protobuf/NullValue.php                                \
+  Google/Protobuf/StringValue.php                              \
+  Google/Protobuf/Struct.php                                   \
+  Google/Protobuf/Timestamp.php                                \
+  Google/Protobuf/UInt32Value.php                              \
+  Google/Protobuf/UInt64Value.php                              \
+  Google/Protobuf/Value.php                                    \
+  Protobuf_test_messages/Proto3/ForeignEnum.php                \
+  Protobuf_test_messages/Proto3/ForeignMessage.php             \
+  Protobuf_test_messages/Proto3/TestAllTypes_NestedEnum.php    \
+  Protobuf_test_messages/Proto3/TestAllTypes_NestedMessage.php \
+  Protobuf_test_messages/Proto3/TestAllTypes.php
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/Any.java                            \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/AnyOrBuilder.java                   \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/AnyProto.java                       \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/BoolValue.java                      \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/BoolValueOrBuilder.java             \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/BytesValue.java                     \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/BytesValueOrBuilder.java            \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/conformance/Conformance.java        \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/DoubleValue.java                    \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/DoubleValueOrBuilder.java           \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/Duration.java                       \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/DurationOrBuilder.java              \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/DurationProto.java                  \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/FieldMask.java                      \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/FieldMaskOrBuilder.java             \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/FieldMaskProto.java                 \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/FloatValue.java                     \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/FloatValueOrBuilder.java            \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/Int32Value.java                     \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/Int32ValueOrBuilder.java            \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/Int64Value.java                     \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/Int64ValueOrBuilder.java            \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/ListValue.java                      \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/ListValueOrBuilder.java             \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/NullValue.java                      \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/StringValue.java                    \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/StringValueOrBuilder.java           \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/Struct.java                         \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/StructOrBuilder.java                \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/StructProto.java                    \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/Timestamp.java                      \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/TimestampOrBuilder.java             \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/TimestampProto.java                 \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/UInt32Value.java                    \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/UInt32ValueOrBuilder.java           \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/UInt64Value.java                    \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/UInt64ValueOrBuilder.java           \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/Value.java                          \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/ValueOrBuilder.java                 \
+  # lite/com/google/protobuf/WrappersProto.java
+
+bin_PROGRAMS = conformance-test-runner conformance-cpp
+
+# All source files excepet C++/Objective-C ones should be explicitly listed
+# here because the autoconf tools don't include files of other languages
+# automatically.
+EXTRA_DIST =                  \
+  ConformanceJava.java        \
+  ConformanceJavaLite.java    \
+  README.md                   \
+  conformance.proto           \
+  conformance_python.py       \
+  conformance_ruby.rb         \
+  conformance_php.php         \
+  failure_list_cpp.txt        \
+  failure_list_csharp.txt     \
+  failure_list_java.txt       \
+  failure_list_js.txt         \
+  failure_list_objc.txt       \
+  failure_list_python.txt     \
+  failure_list_python_cpp.txt \
+  failure_list_python-post26.txt \
+  failure_list_ruby.txt       \
+  failure_list_php.txt        \
+  failure_list_php_c.txt
+
+conformance_test_runner_LDADD = $(top_srcdir)/src/libprotobuf.la
+conformance_test_runner_SOURCES = conformance_test.h conformance_test.cc \
+                                  conformance_test_main.cc               \
+                                  binary_json_conformance_suite.h        \
+                                  binary_json_conformance_suite.cc       \
+                                  text_format_conformance_suite.h        \
+                                  text_format_conformance_suite.cc       \
+                                  conformance_test_runner.cc             \
+                                  third_party/jsoncpp/json.h             \
+                                  third_party/jsoncpp/jsoncpp.cpp
+nodist_conformance_test_runner_SOURCES = conformance.pb.cc google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.pb.cc google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.pb.cc
+conformance_test_runner_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/src -I$(srcdir)
+conformance_test_runner_CXXFLAGS = -std=c++11
+# Explicit deps beacuse BUILT_SOURCES are only done before a "make all/check"
+# so a direct "make test_cpp" could fail if parallel enough.
+conformance_test_runner-conformance_test.$(OBJEXT): conformance.pb.h
+conformance_test_runner-conformance_test_runner.$(OBJEXT): conformance.pb.h
+
+conformance_cpp_LDADD = $(top_srcdir)/src/libprotobuf.la
+conformance_cpp_SOURCES = conformance_cpp.cc
+nodist_conformance_cpp_SOURCES = conformance.pb.cc google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.pb.cc google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.pb.cc
+conformance_cpp_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/src
+# Explicit dep beacuse BUILT_SOURCES are only done before a "make all/check"
+# so a direct "make test_cpp" could fail if parallel enough.
+conformance_cpp-conformance_cpp.$(OBJEXT): conformance.pb.h
+
+if OBJC_CONFORMANCE_TEST
+
+bin_PROGRAMS += conformance-objc
+
+conformance_objc_SOURCES = conformance_objc.m ../objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers.m
+nodist_conformance_objc_SOURCES = Conformance.pbobjc.m google/protobuf/TestMessagesProto2.pbobjc.m google/protobuf/TestMessagesProto3.pbobjc.m
+# On travis, the build fails without the isysroot because whatever system
+# headers are being found don't include generics support for
+# NSArray/NSDictionary, the only guess is their image at one time had an odd
+# setup for Xcode and old frameworks are being found.
+conformance_objc_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/objectivec -isysroot `xcrun --sdk macosx --show-sdk-path`
+conformance_objc_LDFLAGS = -framework Foundation
+# Explicit dep beacuse BUILT_SOURCES are only done before a "make all/check"
+# so a direct "make test_objc" could fail if parallel enough.
+conformance_objc-conformance_objc.$(OBJEXT): Conformance.pbobjc.h google/protobuf/TestMessagesProto2.pbobjc.h google/protobuf/TestMessagesProto3.pbobjc.h
+
+endif
+
+# JavaScript well-known types are expected to be in a directory called
+# google-protobuf, because they are usually in the google-protobuf npm
+# package.  But we want to use the sources from our tree, so we recreate
+# that directory structure here.
+google-protobuf:
+	mkdir google-protobuf
+
+if USE_EXTERNAL_PROTOC
+
+# Some implementations include pre-generated versions of well-known types.
+protoc_middleman: $(conformance_protoc_inputs) $(conformance_proto2_protoc_inputs) $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs) google-protobuf
+	$(PROTOC) -I$(srcdir) -I$(top_srcdir) --cpp_out=. --java_out=. --ruby_out=. --objc_out=. --python_out=. --php_out=. --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:. $(conformance_protoc_inputs)
+	$(PROTOC) -I$(srcdir) -I$(top_srcdir) --cpp_out=. --java_out=. --objc_out=. --python_out=. --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:. $(conformance_proto2_protoc_inputs)
+	$(PROTOC) -I$(srcdir) -I$(top_srcdir) --cpp_out=. --java_out=. --ruby_out=. --python_out=. --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:google-protobuf $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs)
+	## $(PROTOC) -I$(srcdir) -I$(top_srcdir) --java_out=lite:lite $(conformance_protoc_inputs) $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs)
+	touch protoc_middleman
+
+else
+
+# We have to cd to $(srcdir) before executing protoc because $(protoc_inputs) is
+# relative to srcdir, which may not be the same as the current directory when
+# building out-of-tree.
+protoc_middleman: $(top_srcdir)/src/protoc$(EXEEXT) $(conformance_protoc_inputs) $(conformance_proto2_protoc_inputs) $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs) google-protobuf
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$(top_srcdir)/src --cpp_out=$$oldpwd --java_out=$$oldpwd --ruby_out=$$oldpwd --objc_out=$$oldpwd --python_out=$$oldpwd --php_out=$$oldpwd --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:$$oldpwd $(conformance_protoc_inputs) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$(top_srcdir)/src --cpp_out=$$oldpwd --java_out=$$oldpwd --objc_out=. --python_out=$$oldpwd --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:$$oldpwd $(conformance_proto2_protoc_inputs) )
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$(top_srcdir)/src --cpp_out=$$oldpwd --java_out=$$oldpwd --ruby_out=$$oldpwd --python_out=$$oldpwd --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:$$oldpwd/google-protobuf $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs) )
+	## @mkdir -p lite
+	## oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/../src/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. -I$(top_srcdir)/src --java_out=lite:$$oldpwd/lite $(conformance_protoc_inputs) $(well_known_type_protoc_inputs) )
+	touch protoc_middleman
+
+endif
+
+$(protoc_outputs): protoc_middleman
+
+$(other_language_protoc_outputs): protoc_middleman
+
+CLEANFILES = $(protoc_outputs) protoc_middleman javac_middleman conformance-java javac_middleman_lite conformance-java-lite conformance-csharp conformance-php conformance-php-c $(other_language_protoc_outputs)
+
+MAINTAINERCLEANFILES =   \
+  Makefile.in
+
+javac_middleman: ConformanceJava.java protoc_middleman $(other_language_protoc_outputs)
+	jar=`ls ../java/util/target/*jar-with-dependencies.jar` && javac -classpath ../java/target/classes:$$jar ConformanceJava.java com/google/protobuf/conformance/Conformance.java com/google/protobuf_test_messages/proto3/TestMessagesProto3.java com/google/protobuf_test_messages/proto2/TestMessagesProto2.java
+	@touch javac_middleman
+
+conformance-java: javac_middleman
+	@echo "Writing shortcut script conformance-java..."
+	@echo '#! /bin/sh' > conformance-java
+	@jar=`ls ../java/util/target/*jar-with-dependencies.jar` && echo java -classpath .:../java/target/classes:$$jar ConformanceJava '$$@' >> conformance-java
+	@chmod +x conformance-java
+
+javac_middleman_lite: ConformanceJavaLite.java protoc_middleman $(other_language_protoc_outputs)
+	javac -classpath ../java/lite/target/classes:lite ConformanceJavaLite.java lite/com/google/protobuf/conformance/Conformance.java
+	@touch javac_middleman_lite
+
+conformance-java-lite: javac_middleman_lite
+	@echo "Writing shortcut script conformance-java-lite..."
+	@echo '#! /bin/sh' > conformance-java-lite
+	@echo java -classpath .:../java/lite/target/classes:lite ConformanceJavaLite '$$@' >> conformance-java-lite
+	@chmod +x conformance-java-lite
+
+# Currently the conformance code is alongside the rest of the C#
+# source, as it's easier to maintain there. We assume we've already
+# built that, so we just need a script to run it.
+conformance-csharp: $(other_language_protoc_outputs)
+	@echo "Writing shortcut script conformance-csharp..."
+	@echo '#! /bin/sh' > conformance-csharp
+	@echo 'dotnet ../csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance/bin/Release/netcoreapp2.1/Google.Protobuf.Conformance.dll "$$@"' >> conformance-csharp
+	@chmod +x conformance-csharp
+
+conformance-php:
+	@echo "Writing shortcut script conformance-php..."
+	@echo '#! /bin/sh' > conformance-php
+	@echo 'php -d auto_prepend_file=autoload.php ./conformance_php.php' >> conformance-php
+	@chmod +x conformance-php
+
+conformance-php-c:
+	@echo "Writing shortcut script conformance-php-c..."
+	@echo '#! /bin/sh' > conformance-php-c
+	@echo 'php -dextension=../php/ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so ./conformance_php.php' >> conformance-php-c
+	@chmod +x conformance-php-c
+
+# Targets for actually running tests.
+test_cpp: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner conformance-cpp
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_cpp.txt ./conformance-cpp
+
+test_java: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner conformance-java
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_java.txt --text_format_failure_list text_format_failure_list_java.txt ./conformance-java
+
+test_java_lite: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner conformance-java-lite
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended ./conformance-java-lite
+
+test_csharp: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner conformance-csharp
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_csharp.txt --text_format_failure_list text_format_failure_list_csharp.txt ./conformance-csharp
+
+test_ruby: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner $(other_language_protoc_outputs)
+	RUBYLIB=../ruby/lib:. ./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_ruby.txt --text_format_failure_list text_format_failure_list_ruby.txt ./conformance_ruby.rb
+
+test_php: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner conformance-php $(other_language_protoc_outputs)
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_php.txt --text_format_failure_list text_format_failure_list_php.txt ./conformance-php
+
+test_php_c: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner conformance-php-c $(other_language_protoc_outputs)
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_php_c.txt --text_format_failure_list text_format_failure_list_php.txt ./conformance-php-c
+
+test_php_c_32: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner conformance-php-c $(other_language_protoc_outputs)
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_php_c_32.txt --text_format_failure_list text_format_failure_list_php.txt ./conformance-php-c
+
+# These depend on library paths being properly set up.  The easiest way to
+# run them is to just use "tox" from the python dir.
+test_python: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_python.txt --text_format_failure_list text_format_failure_list_python.txt ./conformance_python.py
+
+test_python_cpp: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_python_cpp.txt ./conformance_python.py
+
+test_nodejs: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner $(other_language_protoc_outputs)
+	NODE_PATH=../js:. ./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_js.txt ./conformance_nodejs.js
+
+if OBJC_CONFORMANCE_TEST
+
+test_objc: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner conformance-objc
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_objc.txt ./conformance-objc
+
+endif
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06925dbb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+===================================================
+
+Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+
+This directory contains conformance tests for testing completeness and
+correctness of Protocol Buffers implementations.  These tests are designed
+to be easy to run against any Protocol Buffers implementation.
+
+This directory contains the tester process `conformance-test`, which
+contains all of the tests themselves.  Then separate programs written
+in whatever language you want to test communicate with the tester
+program over a pipe.
+
+Before running any of these tests, make sure you run `make` in the base
+directory to build `protoc`, since all the tests depend on it.
+
+    $ make
+
+Running the tests for C++
+-------------------------
+
+To run the tests against the C++ implementation, run:
+
+    $ cd conformance && make test_cpp
+
+Running the tests for JavaScript (Node.js)
+------------------------------------------
+
+To run the JavaScript tests against Node.js, make sure you have "node"
+on your path and then run:
+
+    $ cd conformance && make test_nodejs
+
+Running the tests for Ruby (MRI)
+--------------------------------
+
+To run the Ruby tests against MRI, first build the C extension:
+
+    $ cd ruby && rake
+
+Then run the tests like so:
+
+    $ cd conformance && make test_ruby
+
+Running the tests for other languages
+-------------------------------------
+
+Most of the languages in the Protobuf source tree are set up to run
+conformance tests.  However some of them are more tricky to set up
+properly.  See `tests.sh` in the base of the repository to see how
+Travis runs the tests.
+
+Testing other Protocol Buffer implementations
+---------------------------------------------
+
+To run these tests against a new Protocol Buffers implementation, write a
+program in your language that uses the protobuf implementation you want
+to test.  This program should implement the testing protocol defined in
+[conformance.proto](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/conformance/conformance.proto).
+This is designed to be as easy as possible: the C++ version is only
+150 lines and is a good example for what this program should look like
+(see [conformance_cpp.cc](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/conformance/conformance_cpp.cc)).
+The program only needs to be able to read from stdin and write to stdout.
+
+Portability
+-----------
+
+Note that the test runner currently does not work on Windows.  Patches
+to fix this are welcome!  (But please get in touch first to settle on
+a general implementation strategy).
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/autoload.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/autoload.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f49aecb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/autoload.php
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?php
+
+define("GOOGLE_INTERNAL_NAMESPACE", "Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\");
+define("GOOGLE_NAMESPACE", "Google\\Protobuf\\");
+define("GOOGLE_GPBMETADATA_NAMESPACE", "GPBMetadata\\Google\\Protobuf\\");
+
+function protobuf_autoloader_impl($class, $prefix) {
+    $length = strlen($prefix);
+    if ((substr($class, 0, $length) === $prefix)) {
+        $path = '../php/src/' . implode('/', array_map('ucwords', explode('\\', $class))) . '.php';
+        include_once $path;
+    }
+}
+
+function protobuf_autoloader($class) {
+    protobuf_autoloader_impl($class, GOOGLE_INTERNAL_NAMESPACE);
+    protobuf_autoloader_impl($class, GOOGLE_NAMESPACE);
+    protobuf_autoloader_impl($class, GOOGLE_GPBMETADATA_NAMESPACE);
+}
+
+spl_autoload_register('protobuf_autoloader');
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/binary_json_conformance_suite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/binary_json_conformance_suite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d297ae362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/binary_json_conformance_suite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,3198 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "binary_json_conformance_suite.h"
+
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/json_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h>
+#include "third_party/jsoncpp/json.h"
+#include "conformance_test.h"
+#include <google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+namespace proto2_messages = protobuf_test_messages::proto2;
+
+using conformance::ConformanceRequest;
+using conformance::ConformanceResponse;
+using conformance::WireFormat;
+using google::protobuf::Descriptor;
+using google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor;
+using google::protobuf::Message;
+using google::protobuf::TextFormat;
+using google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite;
+using google::protobuf::util::NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool;
+using proto2_messages::TestAllTypesProto2;
+using protobuf_test_messages::proto3::TestAllTypesProto3;
+using std::string;
+
+namespace {
+
+static const char kTypeUrlPrefix[] = "type.googleapis.com";
+
+static string GetTypeUrl(const Descriptor* message) {
+  return string(kTypeUrlPrefix) + "/" + message->full_name();
+}
+
+/* Routines for building arbitrary protos *************************************/
+
+// We would use CodedOutputStream except that we want more freedom to build
+// arbitrary protos (even invalid ones).
+
+const string empty;
+
+string cat(const string& a, const string& b,
+           const string& c = empty,
+           const string& d = empty,
+           const string& e = empty,
+           const string& f = empty,
+           const string& g = empty,
+           const string& h = empty,
+           const string& i = empty,
+           const string& j = empty,
+           const string& k = empty,
+           const string& l = empty) {
+  string ret;
+  ret.reserve(a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size() + e.size() + f.size() +
+              g.size() + h.size() + i.size() + j.size() + k.size() + l.size());
+  ret.append(a);
+  ret.append(b);
+  ret.append(c);
+  ret.append(d);
+  ret.append(e);
+  ret.append(f);
+  ret.append(g);
+  ret.append(h);
+  ret.append(i);
+  ret.append(j);
+  ret.append(k);
+  ret.append(l);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// The maximum number of bytes that it takes to encode a 64-bit varint.
+#define VARINT_MAX_LEN 10
+
+size_t vencode64(uint64_t val, int over_encoded_bytes, char *buf) {
+  if (val == 0) { buf[0] = 0; return 1; }
+  size_t i = 0;
+  while (val) {
+    uint8_t byte = val & 0x7fU;
+    val >>= 7;
+    if (val || over_encoded_bytes) byte |= 0x80U;
+    buf[i++] = byte;
+  }
+  while (over_encoded_bytes--) {
+    assert(i < 10);
+    uint8_t byte = over_encoded_bytes ? 0x80 : 0;
+    buf[i++] = byte;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+string varint(uint64_t x) {
+  char buf[VARINT_MAX_LEN];
+  size_t len = vencode64(x, 0, buf);
+  return string(buf, len);
+}
+
+// Encodes a varint that is |extra| bytes longer than it needs to be, but still
+// valid.
+string longvarint(uint64_t x, int extra) {
+  char buf[VARINT_MAX_LEN];
+  size_t len = vencode64(x, extra, buf);
+  return string(buf, len);
+}
+
+// TODO: proper byte-swapping for big-endian machines.
+string fixed32(void *data) { return string(static_cast<char*>(data), 4); }
+string fixed64(void *data) { return string(static_cast<char*>(data), 8); }
+
+string delim(const string& buf) { return cat(varint(buf.size()), buf); }
+string u32(uint32_t u32) { return fixed32(&u32); }
+string u64(uint64_t u64) { return fixed64(&u64); }
+string flt(float f) { return fixed32(&f); }
+string dbl(double d) { return fixed64(&d); }
+string zz32(int32_t x) { return varint(WireFormatLite::ZigZagEncode32(x)); }
+string zz64(int64_t x) { return varint(WireFormatLite::ZigZagEncode64(x)); }
+
+string tag(uint32_t fieldnum, char wire_type) {
+  return varint((fieldnum << 3) | wire_type);
+}
+
+string GetDefaultValue(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return varint(0);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return zz32(0);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return zz64(0);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return u32(0);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return u64(0);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return flt(0);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return dbl(0);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return delim("");
+    default:
+      return "";
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+string GetNonDefaultValue(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return varint(1);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return zz32(1);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return zz64(1);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return u32(1);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return u64(1);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return flt(1);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return dbl(1);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return delim("a");
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return delim(cat(tag(1, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(1234)));
+    default:
+      return "";
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+#define UNKNOWN_FIELD 666
+
+enum class Packed {
+  UNSPECIFIED = 0,
+  TRUE = 1,
+  FALSE = 2,
+};
+
+const FieldDescriptor* GetFieldForType(FieldDescriptor::Type type,
+                                       bool repeated, bool is_proto3,
+                                       Packed packed = Packed::UNSPECIFIED) {
+  const Descriptor* d = is_proto3 ?
+      TestAllTypesProto3().GetDescriptor() : TestAllTypesProto2().GetDescriptor();
+  for (int i = 0; i < d->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* f = d->field(i);
+    if (f->type() == type && f->is_repeated() == repeated) {
+      if ((packed == Packed::TRUE && !f->is_packed()) ||
+          (packed == Packed::FALSE && f->is_packed())) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      return f;
+    }
+  }
+
+  string packed_string = "";
+  const string repeated_string = repeated ? "Repeated " : "Singular ";
+  const string proto_string = is_proto3 ? "Proto3" : "Proto2";
+  if (packed == Packed::TRUE) {
+    packed_string = "Packed ";
+  }
+  if (packed == Packed::FALSE) {
+    packed_string = "Unpacked ";
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Couldn't find field with type: " << repeated_string.c_str()
+             << packed_string.c_str() << FieldDescriptor::TypeName(type)
+             << " for " << proto_string.c_str();
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* GetFieldForMapType(FieldDescriptor::Type key_type,
+                                          FieldDescriptor::Type value_type,
+                                          bool is_proto3) {
+  const Descriptor* d = is_proto3 ? TestAllTypesProto3().GetDescriptor()
+                                  : TestAllTypesProto2().GetDescriptor();
+  for (int i = 0; i < d->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* f = d->field(i);
+    if (f->is_map()) {
+      const Descriptor* map_entry = f->message_type();
+      const FieldDescriptor* key = map_entry->field(0);
+      const FieldDescriptor* value = map_entry->field(1);
+      if (key->type() == key_type && value->type() == value_type) {
+        return f;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const string proto_string = is_proto3 ? "Proto3" : "Proto2";
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Couldn't find map field with type: "
+             << FieldDescriptor::TypeName(key_type) << " and "
+             << FieldDescriptor::TypeName(key_type) << " for "
+             << proto_string.c_str();
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* GetFieldForOneofType(FieldDescriptor::Type type,
+                                            bool is_proto3,
+                                            bool exclusive = false) {
+  const Descriptor* d = is_proto3 ? TestAllTypesProto3().GetDescriptor()
+                                  : TestAllTypesProto2().GetDescriptor();
+  for (int i = 0; i < d->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* f = d->field(i);
+    if (f->containing_oneof() && ((f->type() == type) ^ exclusive)) {
+      return f;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const string proto_string = is_proto3 ? "Proto3" : "Proto2";
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Couldn't find oneof field with type: "
+             << FieldDescriptor::TypeName(type) << " for "
+             << proto_string.c_str();
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+string UpperCase(string str) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++) {
+    str[i] = toupper(str[i]);
+  }
+  return str;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<Message> NewTestMessage(bool is_proto3) {
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> prototype;
+  if (is_proto3) {
+    prototype.reset(new TestAllTypesProto3());
+  } else {
+    prototype.reset(new TestAllTypesProto2());
+  }
+  return prototype;
+}
+
+bool IsProto3Default(FieldDescriptor::Type type, const string& binary_data) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return binary_data == dbl(0);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return binary_data == flt(0);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return binary_data == varint(0);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return binary_data == u64(0);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return binary_data == u32(0);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return binary_data == delim("");
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+bool BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::ParseJsonResponse(
+    const ConformanceResponse& response,
+    Message* test_message) {
+  string binary_protobuf;
+  util::Status status =
+      JsonToBinaryString(type_resolver_.get(), type_url_,
+                         response.json_payload(), &binary_protobuf);
+
+  if (!status.ok()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!test_message->ParseFromString(binary_protobuf)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "INTERNAL ERROR: internal JSON->protobuf transcode "
+               << "yielded unparseable proto.";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::ParseResponse(
+    const ConformanceResponse& response,
+    const ConformanceRequestSetting& setting,
+    Message* test_message) {
+  const ConformanceRequest& request = setting.GetRequest();
+  WireFormat requested_output = request.requested_output_format();
+  const string& test_name = setting.GetTestName();
+  ConformanceLevel level = setting.GetLevel();
+
+  switch (response.result_case()) {
+    case ConformanceResponse::kProtobufPayload: {
+      if (requested_output != conformance::PROTOBUF) {
+        ReportFailure(test_name, level, request, response,
+                      StrCat("Test was asked for ",
+                                   WireFormatToString(requested_output),
+                                   " output but provided PROTOBUF instead.")
+                          .c_str());
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (!test_message->ParseFromString(response.protobuf_payload())) {
+        ReportFailure(test_name, level, request, response,
+                   "Protobuf output we received from test was unparseable.");
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case ConformanceResponse::kJsonPayload: {
+      if (requested_output != conformance::JSON) {
+        ReportFailure(test_name, level, request, response,
+                      StrCat("Test was asked for ",
+                                   WireFormatToString(requested_output),
+                                   " output but provided JSON instead.")
+                          .c_str());
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (!ParseJsonResponse(response, test_message)) {
+        ReportFailure(test_name, level, request, response,
+                      "JSON output we received from test was unparseable.");
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << test_name
+                 << ": unknown payload type: " << response.result_case();
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::ExpectParseFailureForProtoWithProtoVersion (
+    const string& proto, const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level,
+    bool is_proto3) {
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> prototype = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+  // We don't expect output, but if the program erroneously accepts the protobuf
+  // we let it send its response as this.  We must not leave it unspecified.
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting(
+      level, conformance::PROTOBUF, conformance::PROTOBUF,
+      conformance::BINARY_TEST,
+      *prototype, test_name, proto);
+
+  const ConformanceRequest& request = setting.GetRequest();
+  ConformanceResponse response;
+  string effective_test_name = StrCat(
+      setting.ConformanceLevelToString(level),
+      (is_proto3 ? ".Proto3" : ".Proto2"), ".ProtobufInput.", test_name);
+
+  RunTest(effective_test_name, request, &response);
+  if (response.result_case() == ConformanceResponse::kParseError) {
+    ReportSuccess(effective_test_name);
+  } else if (response.result_case() == ConformanceResponse::kSkipped) {
+    ReportSkip(effective_test_name, request, response);
+  } else {
+    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, level, request, response,
+                  "Should have failed to parse, but didn't.");
+  }
+}
+
+// Expect that this precise protobuf will cause a parse error.
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::ExpectParseFailureForProto(
+    const string& proto, const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level) {
+  ExpectParseFailureForProtoWithProtoVersion(proto, test_name, level, true);
+  ExpectParseFailureForProtoWithProtoVersion(proto, test_name, level, false);
+}
+
+// Expect that this protobuf will cause a parse error, even if it is followed
+// by valid protobuf data.  We can try running this twice: once with this
+// data verbatim and once with this data followed by some valid data.
+//
+// TODO(haberman): implement the second of these.
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::ExpectHardParseFailureForProto(
+    const string& proto, const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level) {
+  return ExpectParseFailureForProto(proto, test_name, level);
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunValidJsonTest(
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const string& input_json,
+    const string& equivalent_text_format) {
+  TestAllTypesProto3 prototype;
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting1(
+      level, conformance::JSON, conformance::PROTOBUF,
+      conformance::JSON_TEST,
+      prototype, test_name, input_json);
+  RunValidInputTest(setting1, equivalent_text_format);
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting2(
+      level, conformance::JSON, conformance::JSON,
+      conformance::JSON_TEST,
+      prototype, test_name, input_json);
+  RunValidInputTest(setting2, equivalent_text_format);
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunValidJsonTestWithProtobufInput(
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const TestAllTypesProto3& input,
+    const string& equivalent_text_format) {
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting(
+      level, conformance::PROTOBUF, conformance::JSON,
+      conformance::JSON_TEST,
+      input, test_name, input.SerializeAsString());
+  RunValidInputTest(setting, equivalent_text_format);
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunValidJsonIgnoreUnknownTest(
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const string& input_json,
+    const string& equivalent_text_format) {
+  TestAllTypesProto3 prototype;
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting(
+      level, conformance::JSON, conformance::PROTOBUF,
+      conformance::JSON_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_PARSING_TEST,
+      prototype, test_name, input_json);
+  RunValidInputTest(setting, equivalent_text_format);
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunValidProtobufTest(
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level,
+    const string& input_protobuf, const string& equivalent_text_format,
+    bool is_proto3) {
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> prototype = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting1(
+      level, conformance::PROTOBUF, conformance::PROTOBUF,
+      conformance::BINARY_TEST,
+      *prototype, test_name, input_protobuf);
+  RunValidInputTest(setting1, equivalent_text_format);
+
+  if (is_proto3) {
+    ConformanceRequestSetting setting2(
+        level, conformance::PROTOBUF, conformance::JSON,
+        conformance::BINARY_TEST,
+        *prototype, test_name, input_protobuf);
+    RunValidInputTest(setting2, equivalent_text_format);
+  }
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level,
+    const string& input_protobuf, bool is_proto3) {
+  RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(test_name, level, input_protobuf, input_protobuf,
+                             is_proto3);
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level,
+    const string& input_protobuf, const string& expected_protobuf,
+    bool is_proto3) {
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> prototype = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting(
+      level, conformance::PROTOBUF, conformance::PROTOBUF,
+      conformance::BINARY_TEST,
+      *prototype, test_name, input_protobuf);
+  RunValidBinaryInputTest(setting, expected_protobuf, true);
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunValidProtobufTestWithMessage(
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const Message *input,
+    const string& equivalent_text_format, bool is_proto3) {
+  RunValidProtobufTest(test_name, level, input->SerializeAsString(),
+                       equivalent_text_format, is_proto3);
+}
+
+// According to proto3 JSON specification, JSON serializers follow more strict
+// rules than parsers (e.g., a serializer must serialize int32 values as JSON
+// numbers while the parser is allowed to accept them as JSON strings). This
+// method allows strict checking on a proto3 JSON serializer by inspecting
+// the JSON output directly.
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const string& input_json,
+    const Validator& validator) {
+  TestAllTypesProto3 prototype;
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting(
+      level, conformance::JSON, conformance::JSON,
+      conformance::JSON_TEST,
+      prototype, test_name, input_json);
+  const ConformanceRequest& request = setting.GetRequest();
+  ConformanceResponse response;
+  string effective_test_name =
+      StrCat(setting.ConformanceLevelToString(level),
+                   ".Proto3.JsonInput.", test_name, ".Validator");
+
+  RunTest(effective_test_name, request, &response);
+
+  if (response.result_case() == ConformanceResponse::kSkipped) {
+    ReportSkip(effective_test_name, request, response);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (response.result_case() != ConformanceResponse::kJsonPayload) {
+    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, level, request, response,
+                  "Expected JSON payload but got type %d.",
+                  response.result_case());
+    return;
+  }
+  Json::Reader reader;
+  Json::Value value;
+  if (!reader.parse(response.json_payload(), value)) {
+    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, level, request, response,
+                  "JSON payload cannot be parsed as valid JSON: %s",
+                  reader.getFormattedErrorMessages().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!validator(value)) {
+    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, level, request, response,
+                  "JSON payload validation failed.");
+    return;
+  }
+  ReportSuccess(effective_test_name);
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const string& input_json) {
+  TestAllTypesProto3 prototype;
+  // We don't expect output, but if the program erroneously accepts the protobuf
+  // we let it send its response as this.  We must not leave it unspecified.
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting(
+      level, conformance::JSON, conformance::JSON,
+      conformance::JSON_TEST,
+      prototype, test_name, input_json);
+  const ConformanceRequest& request = setting.GetRequest();
+  ConformanceResponse response;
+  string effective_test_name = StrCat(
+      setting.ConformanceLevelToString(level), ".Proto3.JsonInput.", test_name);
+
+  RunTest(effective_test_name, request, &response);
+  if (response.result_case() == ConformanceResponse::kParseError) {
+    ReportSuccess(effective_test_name);
+  } else if (response.result_case() == ConformanceResponse::kSkipped) {
+    ReportSkip(effective_test_name, request, response);
+  } else {
+    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, level, request, response,
+                  "Should have failed to parse, but didn't.");
+  }
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const string& text_format) {
+  TestAllTypesProto3 payload_message;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(TextFormat::ParseFromString(text_format, &payload_message))
+      << "Failed to parse: " << text_format;
+
+  TestAllTypesProto3 prototype;
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting(
+      level, conformance::PROTOBUF, conformance::JSON,
+      conformance::JSON_TEST,
+      prototype, test_name, payload_message.SerializeAsString());
+  const ConformanceRequest& request = setting.GetRequest();
+  ConformanceResponse response;
+  string effective_test_name = StrCat(
+      setting.ConformanceLevelToString(level), ".", test_name, ".JsonOutput");
+
+  RunTest(effective_test_name, request, &response);
+  if (response.result_case() == ConformanceResponse::kSerializeError) {
+    ReportSuccess(effective_test_name);
+  } else if (response.result_case() == ConformanceResponse::kSkipped) {
+    ReportSkip(effective_test_name, request, response);
+  } else {
+    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, level, request, response,
+                  "Should have failed to serialize, but didn't.");
+  }
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::TestPrematureEOFForType(
+    FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+  // Incomplete values for each wire type.
+  static const string incompletes[6] = {
+    string("\x80"),     // VARINT
+    string("abcdefg"),  // 64BIT
+    string("\x80"),     // DELIMITED (partial length)
+    string(),           // START_GROUP (no value required)
+    string(),           // END_GROUP (no value required)
+    string("abc")       // 32BIT
+  };
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = GetFieldForType(type, false, true);
+  const FieldDescriptor* rep_field = GetFieldForType(type, true, true);
+  WireFormatLite::WireType wire_type = WireFormatLite::WireTypeForFieldType(
+      static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(type));
+  const string& incomplete = incompletes[wire_type];
+  const string type_name =
+      UpperCase(string(".") + FieldDescriptor::TypeName(type));
+
+  ExpectParseFailureForProto(
+      tag(field->number(), wire_type),
+      "PrematureEofBeforeKnownNonRepeatedValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
+
+  ExpectParseFailureForProto(
+      tag(rep_field->number(), wire_type),
+      "PrematureEofBeforeKnownRepeatedValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
+
+  ExpectParseFailureForProto(
+      tag(UNKNOWN_FIELD, wire_type),
+      "PrematureEofBeforeUnknownValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
+
+  ExpectParseFailureForProto(
+      cat( tag(field->number(), wire_type), incomplete ),
+      "PrematureEofInsideKnownNonRepeatedValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
+
+  ExpectParseFailureForProto(
+      cat( tag(rep_field->number(), wire_type), incomplete ),
+      "PrematureEofInsideKnownRepeatedValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
+
+  ExpectParseFailureForProto(
+      cat( tag(UNKNOWN_FIELD, wire_type), incomplete ),
+      "PrematureEofInsideUnknownValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
+
+  if (wire_type == WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+    ExpectParseFailureForProto(
+        cat( tag(field->number(), wire_type), varint(1) ),
+        "PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownNonRepeatedValue" + type_name,
+        REQUIRED);
+
+    ExpectParseFailureForProto(
+        cat( tag(rep_field->number(), wire_type), varint(1) ),
+        "PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownRepeatedValue" + type_name,
+        REQUIRED);
+
+    // EOF in the middle of delimited data for unknown value.
+    ExpectParseFailureForProto(
+        cat( tag(UNKNOWN_FIELD, wire_type), varint(1) ),
+        "PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForUnknownValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
+
+    if (type == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      // Submessage ends in the middle of a value.
+      string incomplete_submsg =
+          cat( tag(WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+                incompletes[WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT] );
+      ExpectHardParseFailureForProto(
+          cat( tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+               varint(incomplete_submsg.size()),
+               incomplete_submsg ),
+          "PrematureEofInSubmessageValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
+    }
+  } else if (type != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    // Non-delimited, non-group: eligible for packing.
+
+    // Packed region ends in the middle of a value.
+    ExpectHardParseFailureForProto(
+        cat(tag(rep_field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+            varint(incomplete.size()), incomplete),
+        "PrematureEofInPackedFieldValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
+
+    // EOF in the middle of packed region.
+    ExpectParseFailureForProto(
+        cat(tag(rep_field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+            varint(1)),
+        "PrematureEofInPackedField" + type_name, REQUIRED);
+  }
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::TestValidDataForType(
+    FieldDescriptor::Type type,
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> values) {
+  for (int is_proto3 = 0; is_proto3 < 2; is_proto3++) {
+    const string type_name =
+        UpperCase(string(".") + FieldDescriptor::TypeName(type));
+    WireFormatLite::WireType wire_type = WireFormatLite::WireTypeForFieldType(
+        static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(type));
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = GetFieldForType(type, false, is_proto3);
+    const FieldDescriptor* rep_field = GetFieldForType(type, true, is_proto3);
+
+    // Test singular data for singular fields.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
+      string proto = cat(tag(field->number(), wire_type), values[i].first);
+      // In proto3, default primitive fields should not be encoded.
+      string expected_proto =
+          is_proto3 && IsProto3Default(field->type(), values[i].second)
+              ? ""
+              : cat(tag(field->number(), wire_type), values[i].second);
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(expected_proto);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+
+      RunValidProtobufTest(
+          StrCat("ValidDataScalar", type_name, "[", i, "]"), REQUIRED,
+          proto, text, is_proto3);
+      RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(
+          StrCat("ValidDataScalarBinary", type_name, "[", i, "]"),
+          RECOMMENDED, proto, expected_proto, is_proto3);
+    }
+
+    // Test repeated data for singular fields.
+    // For scalar message fields, repeated values are merged, which is tested
+    // separately.
+    if (type != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      string proto;
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
+        proto += cat(tag(field->number(), wire_type), values[i].first);
+      }
+      string expected_proto =
+          cat(tag(field->number(), wire_type), values.back().second);
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(expected_proto);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+
+      RunValidProtobufTest("RepeatedScalarSelectsLast" + type_name, REQUIRED,
+                           proto, text, is_proto3);
+    }
+
+    // Test repeated fields.
+    if (FieldDescriptor::IsTypePackable(type)) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* packed_field =
+          GetFieldForType(type, true, is_proto3, Packed::TRUE);
+      const FieldDescriptor* unpacked_field =
+          GetFieldForType(type, true, is_proto3, Packed::FALSE);
+
+      string default_proto_packed;
+      string default_proto_unpacked;
+      string default_proto_packed_expected;
+      string default_proto_unpacked_expected;
+      string packed_proto_packed;
+      string packed_proto_unpacked;
+      string packed_proto_expected;
+      string unpacked_proto_packed;
+      string unpacked_proto_unpacked;
+      string unpacked_proto_expected;
+
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
+        default_proto_unpacked +=
+            cat(tag(rep_field->number(), wire_type), values[i].first);
+        default_proto_unpacked_expected +=
+            cat(tag(rep_field->number(), wire_type), values[i].second);
+        default_proto_packed += values[i].first;
+        default_proto_packed_expected += values[i].second;
+        packed_proto_unpacked +=
+            cat(tag(packed_field->number(), wire_type), values[i].first);
+        packed_proto_packed += values[i].first;
+        packed_proto_expected += values[i].second;
+        unpacked_proto_unpacked +=
+            cat(tag(unpacked_field->number(), wire_type), values[i].first);
+        unpacked_proto_packed += values[i].first;
+        unpacked_proto_expected +=
+            cat(tag(unpacked_field->number(), wire_type), values[i].second);
+      }
+      default_proto_packed = cat(
+          tag(rep_field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+          delim(default_proto_packed));
+      default_proto_packed_expected = cat(
+          tag(rep_field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+          delim(default_proto_packed_expected));
+      packed_proto_packed = cat(tag(packed_field->number(),
+                                    WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+                                delim(packed_proto_packed));
+      packed_proto_expected =
+          cat(tag(packed_field->number(),
+                  WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+              delim(packed_proto_expected));
+      unpacked_proto_packed =
+          cat(tag(unpacked_field->number(),
+                  WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+              delim(unpacked_proto_packed));
+
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(default_proto_packed_expected);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+
+      // Ensures both packed and unpacked data can be parsed.
+      RunValidProtobufTest(
+          StrCat("ValidDataRepeated", type_name, ".UnpackedInput"),
+          REQUIRED, default_proto_unpacked, text, is_proto3);
+      RunValidProtobufTest(
+          StrCat("ValidDataRepeated", type_name, ".PackedInput"),
+          REQUIRED, default_proto_packed, text, is_proto3);
+
+      // proto2 should encode as unpacked by default and proto3 should encode as
+      // packed by default.
+      string expected_proto = rep_field->is_packed()
+                                  ? default_proto_packed_expected
+                                  : default_proto_unpacked_expected;
+      RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataRepeated", type_name,
+                                              ".UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput"),
+                                 RECOMMENDED, default_proto_unpacked,
+                                 expected_proto, is_proto3);
+      RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataRepeated", type_name,
+                                              ".PackedInput.DefaultOutput"),
+                                 RECOMMENDED, default_proto_packed,
+                                 expected_proto, is_proto3);
+      RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataRepeated", type_name,
+                                              ".UnpackedInput.PackedOutput"),
+                                 RECOMMENDED, packed_proto_unpacked,
+                                 packed_proto_expected, is_proto3);
+      RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataRepeated", type_name,
+                                              ".PackedInput.PackedOutput"),
+                                 RECOMMENDED, packed_proto_packed,
+                                 packed_proto_expected, is_proto3);
+      RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataRepeated", type_name,
+                                              ".UnpackedInput.UnpackedOutput"),
+                                 RECOMMENDED, unpacked_proto_unpacked,
+                                 unpacked_proto_expected, is_proto3);
+      RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataRepeated", type_name,
+                                              ".PackedInput.UnpackedOutput"),
+                                 RECOMMENDED, unpacked_proto_packed,
+                                 unpacked_proto_expected, is_proto3);
+    } else {
+      string proto;
+      string expected_proto;
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
+        proto += cat(tag(rep_field->number(), wire_type), values[i].first);
+        expected_proto +=
+            cat(tag(rep_field->number(), wire_type), values[i].second);
+      }
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(expected_proto);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+
+      RunValidProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataRepeated", type_name),
+                           REQUIRED, proto, text, is_proto3);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::TestValidDataForRepeatedScalarMessage() {
+  std::vector<std::string> values = {
+      delim(cat(
+          tag(2, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+          delim(cat(tag(1, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(1234),
+                    tag(2, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(1234),
+                    tag(31, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(1234))))),
+      delim(cat(
+          tag(2, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+          delim(cat(tag(1, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(4321),
+                    tag(3, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(4321),
+                    tag(31, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(4321))))),
+  };
+
+  const std::string expected =
+      R"({
+        corecursive: {
+          optional_int32: 4321,
+          optional_int64: 1234,
+          optional_uint32: 4321,
+          repeated_int32: [1234, 4321],
+        }
+      })";
+
+  for (int is_proto3 = 0; is_proto3 < 2; is_proto3++) {
+    string proto;
+    const FieldDescriptor* field =
+        GetFieldForType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, false, is_proto3);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
+      proto +=
+          cat(tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+              values[i]);
+    }
+
+    RunValidProtobufTest("RepeatedScalarMessageMerge", REQUIRED, proto,
+                         field->name() + ": " + expected, is_proto3);
+  }
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::TestValidDataForMapType(
+    FieldDescriptor::Type key_type, FieldDescriptor::Type value_type) {
+  const string key_type_name =
+      UpperCase(string(".") + FieldDescriptor::TypeName(key_type));
+  const string value_type_name =
+      UpperCase(string(".") + FieldDescriptor::TypeName(value_type));
+  WireFormatLite::WireType key_wire_type = WireFormatLite::WireTypeForFieldType(
+      static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(key_type));
+  WireFormatLite::WireType value_wire_type =
+      WireFormatLite::WireTypeForFieldType(
+          static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(value_type));
+
+  string key1_data = cat(tag(1, key_wire_type), GetDefaultValue(key_type));
+  string value1_data =
+      cat(tag(2, value_wire_type), GetDefaultValue(value_type));
+  string key2_data = cat(tag(1, key_wire_type), GetNonDefaultValue(key_type));
+  string value2_data =
+      cat(tag(2, value_wire_type), GetNonDefaultValue(value_type));
+
+  for (int is_proto3 = 0; is_proto3 < 2; is_proto3++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field =
+        GetFieldForMapType(key_type, value_type, is_proto3);
+
+    {
+      // Tests map with default key and value.
+      string proto =
+          cat(tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+              delim(cat(key1_data, value1_data)));
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(proto);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+      RunValidProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataMap", key_type_name,
+                                        value_type_name, ".Default"),
+                           REQUIRED, proto, text, is_proto3);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Tests map with missing default key and value.
+      string proto =
+          cat(tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+              delim(""));
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(proto);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+      RunValidProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataMap", key_type_name,
+                                        value_type_name, ".MissingDefault"),
+                           REQUIRED, proto, text, is_proto3);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Tests map with non-default key and value.
+      string proto =
+          cat(tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+              delim(cat(key2_data, value2_data)));
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(proto);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+      RunValidProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataMap", key_type_name,
+                                        value_type_name, ".NonDefault"),
+                           REQUIRED, proto, text, is_proto3);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Tests map with unordered key and value.
+      string proto =
+          cat(tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+              delim(cat(value2_data, key2_data)));
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(proto);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+      RunValidProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataMap", key_type_name,
+                                        value_type_name, ".Unordered"),
+                           REQUIRED, proto, text, is_proto3);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Tests map with duplicate key.
+      string proto1 =
+          cat(tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+              delim(cat(key2_data, value1_data)));
+      string proto2 =
+          cat(tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+              delim(cat(key2_data, value2_data)));
+      string proto = cat(proto1, proto2);
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(proto2);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+      RunValidProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataMap", key_type_name,
+                                        value_type_name, ".DuplicateKey"),
+                           REQUIRED, proto, text, is_proto3);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Tests map with duplicate key in map entry.
+      string proto =
+          cat(tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+              delim(cat(key1_data, key2_data, value2_data)));
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(proto);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+      RunValidProtobufTest(
+          StrCat("ValidDataMap", key_type_name, value_type_name,
+                       ".DuplicateKeyInMapEntry"),
+          REQUIRED, proto, text, is_proto3);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Tests map with duplicate value in map entry.
+      string proto =
+          cat(tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+              delim(cat(key2_data, value1_data, value2_data)));
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(proto);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+      RunValidProtobufTest(
+          StrCat("ValidDataMap", key_type_name, value_type_name,
+                       ".DuplicateValueInMapEntry"),
+          REQUIRED, proto, text, is_proto3);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::TestOverwriteMessageValueMap() {
+  string key_data =
+      cat(tag(1, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED), delim(""));
+  string field1_data = cat(tag(1, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(1));
+  string field2_data = cat(tag(2, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(1));
+  string field31_data =
+      cat(tag(31, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(1));
+  string submsg1_data = delim(cat(field1_data, field31_data));
+  string submsg2_data = delim(cat(field2_data, field31_data));
+  string value1_data =
+      cat(tag(2, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+          delim(cat(tag(2, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+                    submsg1_data)));
+  string value2_data =
+      cat(tag(2, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+          delim(cat(tag(2, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+                    submsg2_data)));
+
+  for (int is_proto3 = 0; is_proto3 < 2; is_proto3++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = GetFieldForMapType(
+        FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING, FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, is_proto3);
+
+    string proto1 =
+        cat(tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+            delim(cat(key_data, value1_data)));
+    string proto2 =
+        cat(tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+            delim(cat(key_data, value2_data)));
+    string proto = cat(proto1, proto2);
+    std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+    test_message->MergeFromString(proto2);
+    string text = test_message->DebugString();
+    RunValidProtobufTest("ValidDataMap.STRING.MESSAGE.MergeValue", REQUIRED,
+                         proto, text, is_proto3);
+  }
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::TestValidDataForOneofType(
+    FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+  const string type_name =
+      UpperCase(string(".") + FieldDescriptor::TypeName(type));
+  WireFormatLite::WireType wire_type = WireFormatLite::WireTypeForFieldType(
+      static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(type));
+
+  for (int is_proto3 = 0; is_proto3 < 2; is_proto3++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = GetFieldForOneofType(type, is_proto3);
+    const string default_value =
+        cat(tag(field->number(), wire_type), GetDefaultValue(type));
+    const string non_default_value =
+        cat(tag(field->number(), wire_type), GetNonDefaultValue(type));
+
+    {
+      // Tests oneof with default value.
+      const string proto = default_value;
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(proto);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+
+      RunValidProtobufTest(
+          StrCat("ValidDataOneof", type_name, ".DefaultValue"), REQUIRED,
+          proto, text, is_proto3);
+      RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(
+          StrCat("ValidDataOneofBinary", type_name, ".DefaultValue"),
+          RECOMMENDED, proto, proto, is_proto3);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Tests oneof with non-default value.
+      const string proto = non_default_value;
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(proto);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+
+      RunValidProtobufTest(
+          StrCat("ValidDataOneof", type_name, ".NonDefaultValue"),
+          REQUIRED, proto, text, is_proto3);
+      RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(
+          StrCat("ValidDataOneofBinary", type_name, ".NonDefaultValue"),
+          RECOMMENDED, proto, proto, is_proto3);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Tests oneof with multiple values of the same field.
+      const string proto = StrCat(default_value, non_default_value);
+      const string expected_proto = non_default_value;
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(expected_proto);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+
+      RunValidProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataOneof", type_name,
+                                        ".MultipleValuesForSameField"),
+                           REQUIRED, proto, text, is_proto3);
+      RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataOneofBinary", type_name,
+                                              ".MultipleValuesForSameField"),
+                                 RECOMMENDED, proto, expected_proto, is_proto3);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Tests oneof with multiple values of the different fields.
+      const FieldDescriptor* other_field =
+          GetFieldForOneofType(type, is_proto3, true);
+      FieldDescriptor::Type other_type = other_field->type();
+      WireFormatLite::WireType other_wire_type =
+          WireFormatLite::WireTypeForFieldType(
+              static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(other_type));
+      const string other_value =
+          cat(tag(other_field->number(), other_wire_type),
+              GetDefaultValue(other_type));
+
+      const string proto = StrCat(other_value, non_default_value);
+      const string expected_proto = non_default_value;
+      std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+      test_message->MergeFromString(expected_proto);
+      string text = test_message->DebugString();
+
+      RunValidProtobufTest(StrCat("ValidDataOneof", type_name,
+                                        ".MultipleValuesForDifferentField"),
+                           REQUIRED, proto, text, is_proto3);
+      RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(
+          StrCat("ValidDataOneofBinary", type_name,
+                       ".MultipleValuesForDifferentField"),
+          RECOMMENDED, proto, expected_proto, is_proto3);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::TestMergeOneofMessage() {
+  string field1_data = cat(tag(1, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(1));
+  string field2a_data = cat(tag(2, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(1));
+  string field2b_data = cat(tag(2, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(1));
+  string field89_data =
+      cat(tag(89, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(1));
+  string submsg1_data =
+      cat(tag(2, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+          delim(cat(field1_data, field2a_data, field89_data)));
+  string submsg2_data = cat(tag(2, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+                            delim(cat(field2b_data, field89_data)));
+  string merged_data =
+      cat(tag(2, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+          delim(cat(field1_data, field2b_data, field89_data, field89_data)));
+
+  for (int is_proto3 = 0; is_proto3 < 2; is_proto3++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field =
+        GetFieldForOneofType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, is_proto3);
+
+    string proto1 =
+        cat(tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+            delim(submsg1_data));
+    string proto2 =
+        cat(tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+            delim(submsg2_data));
+    string proto = cat(proto1, proto2);
+    string expected_proto =
+        cat(tag(field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+            delim(merged_data));
+
+    std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message = NewTestMessage(is_proto3);
+    test_message->MergeFromString(expected_proto);
+    string text = test_message->DebugString();
+    RunValidProtobufTest("ValidDataOneof.MESSAGE.Merge", REQUIRED, proto, text,
+                         is_proto3);
+    RunValidBinaryProtobufTest("ValidDataOneofBinary.MESSAGE.Merge",
+                               RECOMMENDED, proto, expected_proto, is_proto3);
+  }
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::TestIllegalTags() {
+  // field num 0 is illegal
+  string nullfield[] = {
+    "\1DEADBEEF",
+    "\2\1\1",
+    "\3\4",
+    "\5DEAD"
+  };
+  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    string name = "IllegalZeroFieldNum_Case_0";
+    name.back() += i;
+    ExpectParseFailureForProto(nullfield[i], name, REQUIRED);
+  }
+}
+template <class MessageType>
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::TestOneofMessage (
+    MessageType &message, bool is_proto3) {
+  message.set_oneof_uint32(0);
+  RunValidProtobufTestWithMessage(
+      "OneofZeroUint32", RECOMMENDED, &message, "oneof_uint32: 0", is_proto3);
+  message.mutable_oneof_nested_message()->set_a(0);
+  RunValidProtobufTestWithMessage(
+      "OneofZeroMessage", RECOMMENDED, &message,
+      is_proto3 ? "oneof_nested_message: {}" : "oneof_nested_message: {a: 0}",
+      is_proto3);
+  message.mutable_oneof_nested_message()->set_a(1);
+  RunValidProtobufTestWithMessage(
+      "OneofZeroMessageSetTwice", RECOMMENDED, &message,
+      "oneof_nested_message: {a: 1}",
+      is_proto3);
+  message.set_oneof_string("");
+  RunValidProtobufTestWithMessage(
+      "OneofZeroString", RECOMMENDED, &message, "oneof_string: \"\"", is_proto3);
+  message.set_oneof_bytes("");
+  RunValidProtobufTestWithMessage(
+      "OneofZeroBytes", RECOMMENDED, &message, "oneof_bytes: \"\"", is_proto3);
+  message.set_oneof_bool(false);
+  RunValidProtobufTestWithMessage(
+      "OneofZeroBool", RECOMMENDED, &message, "oneof_bool: false", is_proto3);
+  message.set_oneof_uint64(0);
+  RunValidProtobufTestWithMessage(
+      "OneofZeroUint64", RECOMMENDED, &message, "oneof_uint64: 0", is_proto3);
+  message.set_oneof_float(0.0f);
+  RunValidProtobufTestWithMessage(
+      "OneofZeroFloat", RECOMMENDED, &message, "oneof_float: 0", is_proto3);
+  message.set_oneof_double(0.0);
+  RunValidProtobufTestWithMessage(
+      "OneofZeroDouble", RECOMMENDED, &message, "oneof_double: 0", is_proto3);
+  message.set_oneof_enum(MessageType::FOO);
+  RunValidProtobufTestWithMessage(
+      "OneofZeroEnum", RECOMMENDED, &message, "oneof_enum: FOO", is_proto3);
+}
+
+template <class MessageType>
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::TestUnknownMessage(
+    MessageType& message, bool is_proto3) {
+  message.ParseFromString("\xA8\x1F\x01");
+  RunValidBinaryProtobufTest("UnknownVarint", REQUIRED,
+                             message.SerializeAsString(), is_proto3);
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunSuiteImpl() {
+  // Hack to get the list of test failures based on whether
+  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL_PARSER is enabled or not.
+  conformance::FailureSet failure_set;
+  ConformanceRequest req;
+  ConformanceResponse res;
+  req.set_message_type(failure_set.GetTypeName());
+  req.set_protobuf_payload("");
+  req.set_requested_output_format(conformance::WireFormat::PROTOBUF);
+  RunTest("FindFailures", req, &res);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(failure_set.MergeFromString(res.protobuf_payload()));
+  for (const string& failure : failure_set.failure()) {
+    AddExpectedFailedTest(failure);
+  }
+
+  type_resolver_.reset(NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(
+      kTypeUrlPrefix, DescriptorPool::generated_pool()));
+  type_url_ = GetTypeUrl(TestAllTypesProto3::descriptor());
+
+  for (int i = 1; i <= FieldDescriptor::MAX_TYPE; i++) {
+    if (i == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) continue;
+    TestPrematureEOFForType(static_cast<FieldDescriptor::Type>(i));
+  }
+
+  TestIllegalTags();
+
+  int64 kInt64Min = -9223372036854775808ULL;
+  int64 kInt64Max = 9223372036854775807ULL;
+  uint64 kUint64Max = 18446744073709551615ULL;
+  int32 kInt32Max = 2147483647;
+  int32 kInt32Min = -2147483648;
+  uint32 kUint32Max = 4294967295UL;
+
+  TestValidDataForType(
+      FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE,
+      {
+          {dbl(0), dbl(0)},
+          {dbl(0.1), dbl(0.1)},
+          {dbl(1.7976931348623157e+308), dbl(1.7976931348623157e+308)},
+          {dbl(2.22507385850720138309e-308), dbl(2.22507385850720138309e-308)},
+      });
+  TestValidDataForType(
+      FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT,
+      {
+          {flt(0), flt(0)},
+          {flt(0.1), flt(0.1)},
+          {flt(1.00000075e-36), flt(1.00000075e-36)},
+          {flt(3.402823e+38), flt(3.402823e+38)},  // 3.40282347e+38
+          {flt(1.17549435e-38f), flt(1.17549435e-38)},
+      });
+  TestValidDataForType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64,
+                       {
+                           {varint(0), varint(0)},
+                           {varint(12345), varint(12345)},
+                           {varint(kInt64Max), varint(kInt64Max)},
+                           {varint(kInt64Min), varint(kInt64Min)},
+                       });
+  TestValidDataForType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64,
+                       {
+                           {varint(0), varint(0)},
+                           {varint(12345), varint(12345)},
+                           {varint(kUint64Max), varint(kUint64Max)},
+                       });
+  TestValidDataForType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32,
+                       {
+                           {varint(0), varint(0)},
+                           {varint(12345), varint(12345)},
+                           {longvarint(12345, 2), varint(12345)},
+                           {longvarint(12345, 7), varint(12345)},
+                           {varint(kInt32Max), varint(kInt32Max)},
+                           {varint(kInt32Min), varint(kInt32Min)},
+                           {varint(1LL << 33), varint(0)},
+                           {varint((1LL << 33) - 1), varint(-1)},
+                           {varint(kInt64Max), varint(-1)},
+                           {varint(kInt64Min + 1), varint(1)},
+                       });
+  TestValidDataForType(
+      FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32,
+      {
+          {varint(0), varint(0)},
+          {varint(12345), varint(12345)},
+          {longvarint(12345, 2), varint(12345)},
+          {longvarint(12345, 7), varint(12345)},
+          {varint(kUint32Max), varint(kUint32Max)},  // UINT32_MAX
+          {varint(1LL << 33), varint(0)},
+          {varint((1LL << 33) + 1), varint(1)},
+          {varint((1LL << 33) - 1), varint((1LL << 32) - 1)},
+          {varint(kInt64Max), varint((1LL << 32) - 1)},
+          {varint(kInt64Min + 1), varint(1)},
+      });
+  TestValidDataForType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64,
+                       {
+                           {u64(0), u64(0)},
+                           {u64(12345), u64(12345)},
+                           {u64(kUint64Max), u64(kUint64Max)},
+                       });
+  TestValidDataForType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32,
+                       {
+                           {u32(0), u32(0)},
+                           {u32(12345), u32(12345)},
+                           {u32(kUint32Max), u32(kUint32Max)},  // UINT32_MAX
+                       });
+  TestValidDataForType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64,
+                       {
+                           {u64(0), u64(0)},
+                           {u64(12345), u64(12345)},
+                           {u64(kInt64Max), u64(kInt64Max)},
+                           {u64(kInt64Min), u64(kInt64Min)},
+                       });
+  TestValidDataForType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32,
+                       {
+                           {u32(0), u32(0)},
+                           {u32(12345), u32(12345)},
+                           {u32(kInt32Max), u32(kInt32Max)},
+                           {u32(kInt32Min), u32(kInt32Min)},
+                       });
+  // Bools should be serialized as 0 for false and 1 for true. Parsers should
+  // also interpret any nonzero value as true.
+  TestValidDataForType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL,
+                       {
+                           {varint(0), varint(0)},
+                           {varint(1), varint(1)},
+                           {varint(-1), varint(1)},
+                           {varint(12345678), varint(1)},
+                           {varint(1LL << 33), varint(1)},
+                           {varint(kInt64Max), varint(1)},
+                           {varint(kInt64Min), varint(1)},
+                       });
+  TestValidDataForType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32,
+                       {
+                           {zz32(0), zz32(0)},
+                           {zz32(12345), zz32(12345)},
+                           {zz32(kInt32Max), zz32(kInt32Max)},
+                           {zz32(kInt32Min), zz32(kInt32Min)},
+                           {zz64(kInt32Max + 2LL), zz32(1)},
+                       });
+  TestValidDataForType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64,
+                       {
+                           {zz64(0), zz64(0)},
+                           {zz64(12345), zz64(12345)},
+                           {zz64(kInt64Max), zz64(kInt64Max)},
+                           {zz64(kInt64Min), zz64(kInt64Min)},
+                       });
+  TestValidDataForType(
+      FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING,
+      {
+          {delim(""), delim("")},
+          {delim("Hello world!"), delim("Hello world!")},
+          {delim("\'\"\?\\\a\b\f\n\r\t\v"),
+           delim("\'\"\?\\\a\b\f\n\r\t\v")},       // escape
+          {delim("谷歌"), delim("谷歌")},          // Google in Chinese
+          {delim("\u8C37\u6B4C"), delim("谷歌")},  // unicode escape
+          {delim("\u8c37\u6b4c"), delim("谷歌")},  // lowercase unicode
+          {delim("\xF0\x9F\x98\x81"), delim("\xF0\x9F\x98\x81")},  // emoji: �
+      });
+  TestValidDataForType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES,
+                       {
+                           {delim(""), delim("")},
+                           {delim("Hello world!"), delim("Hello world!")},
+                           {delim("\x01\x02"), delim("\x01\x02")},
+                           {delim("\xfb"), delim("\xfb")},
+                       });
+  TestValidDataForType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM,
+                       {
+                           {varint(0), varint(0)},
+                           {varint(1), varint(1)},
+                           {varint(2), varint(2)},
+                           {varint(-1), varint(-1)},
+                           {varint(kInt64Max), varint(-1)},
+                           {varint(kInt64Min + 1), varint(1)},
+                       });
+  TestValidDataForRepeatedScalarMessage();
+  TestValidDataForType(
+      FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+      {
+          {delim(""), delim("")},
+          {delim(cat(tag(1, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(1234))),
+           delim(cat(tag(1, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT), varint(1234)))},
+      });
+
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM);
+  TestValidDataForMapType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING,
+                          FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE);
+  // Additional test to check overwriting message value map.
+  TestOverwriteMessageValueMap();
+
+  TestValidDataForOneofType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32);
+  TestValidDataForOneofType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL);
+  TestValidDataForOneofType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64);
+  TestValidDataForOneofType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT);
+  TestValidDataForOneofType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE);
+  TestValidDataForOneofType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING);
+  TestValidDataForOneofType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES);
+  TestValidDataForOneofType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM);
+  TestValidDataForOneofType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE);
+  // Additional test to check merging oneof message.
+  TestMergeOneofMessage();
+
+  // TODO(haberman):
+  // TestValidDataForType(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP
+
+  // Unknown fields.
+  {
+    TestAllTypesProto3 messageProto3;
+    TestAllTypesProto2 messageProto2;
+    // TODO(yilunchong): update this behavior when unknown field's behavior
+    // changed in open source. Also delete
+    // Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.UnknownVarint.ProtobufOutput
+    // from failure list of python_cpp python java
+    TestUnknownMessage(messageProto3, true);
+    TestUnknownMessage(messageProto2, false);
+  }
+
+  RunJsonTests();
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunJsonTests() {
+  RunValidJsonTest("HelloWorld", REQUIRED,
+                   "{\"optionalString\":\"Hello, World!\"}",
+                   "optional_string: 'Hello, World!'");
+
+  // NOTE: The spec for JSON support is still being sorted out, these may not
+  // all be correct.
+
+  RunJsonTestsForFieldNameConvention();
+  RunJsonTestsForNonRepeatedTypes();
+  RunJsonTestsForRepeatedTypes();
+  RunJsonTestsForNullTypes();
+  RunJsonTestsForWrapperTypes();
+  RunJsonTestsForFieldMask();
+  RunJsonTestsForStruct();
+  RunJsonTestsForValue();
+  RunJsonTestsForAny();
+
+  RunValidJsonIgnoreUnknownTest("IgnoreUnknownJsonNumber", REQUIRED,
+                                R"({
+        "unknown": 1
+      })",
+                                "");
+  RunValidJsonIgnoreUnknownTest("IgnoreUnknownJsonString", REQUIRED,
+                                R"({
+        "unknown": "a"
+      })",
+                                "");
+  RunValidJsonIgnoreUnknownTest("IgnoreUnknownJsonTrue", REQUIRED,
+                                R"({
+        "unknown": true
+      })",
+                                "");
+  RunValidJsonIgnoreUnknownTest("IgnoreUnknownJsonFalse", REQUIRED,
+                                R"({
+        "unknown": false
+      })",
+                                "");
+  RunValidJsonIgnoreUnknownTest("IgnoreUnknownJsonNull", REQUIRED,
+                                R"({
+        "unknown": null
+      })",
+                                "");
+  RunValidJsonIgnoreUnknownTest("IgnoreUnknownJsonObject", REQUIRED,
+                                R"({
+        "unknown": {"a": 1}
+      })",
+                                "");
+
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson("RejectTopLevelNull", REQUIRED, "null");
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunJsonTestsForFieldNameConvention() {
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "FieldNameInSnakeCase", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "fieldname1": 1,
+        "fieldName2": 2,
+        "FieldName3": 3,
+        "fieldName4": 4
+      })",
+      R"(
+        fieldname1: 1
+        field_name2: 2
+        _field_name3: 3
+        field__name4_: 4
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "FieldNameWithNumbers", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "field0name5": 5,
+        "field0Name6": 6
+      })",
+      R"(
+        field0name5: 5
+        field_0_name6: 6
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "FieldNameWithMixedCases", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "fieldName7": 7,
+        "FieldName8": 8,
+        "fieldName9": 9,
+        "FieldName10": 10,
+        "FIELDNAME11": 11,
+        "FIELDName12": 12
+      })",
+      R"(
+        fieldName7: 7
+        FieldName8: 8
+        field_Name9: 9
+        Field_Name10: 10
+        FIELD_NAME11: 11
+        FIELD_name12: 12
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "FieldNameWithDoubleUnderscores", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({
+        "FieldName13": 13,
+        "FieldName14": 14,
+        "fieldName15": 15,
+        "fieldName16": 16,
+        "fieldName17": 17,
+        "FieldName18": 18
+      })",
+      R"(
+        __field_name13: 13
+        __Field_name14: 14
+        field__name15: 15
+        field__Name16: 16
+        field_name17__: 17
+        Field_name18__: 18
+      )");
+  // Using the original proto field name in JSON is also allowed.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OriginalProtoFieldName", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "fieldname1": 1,
+        "field_name2": 2,
+        "_field_name3": 3,
+        "field__name4_": 4,
+        "field0name5": 5,
+        "field_0_name6": 6,
+        "fieldName7": 7,
+        "FieldName8": 8,
+        "field_Name9": 9,
+        "Field_Name10": 10,
+        "FIELD_NAME11": 11,
+        "FIELD_name12": 12,
+        "__field_name13": 13,
+        "__Field_name14": 14,
+        "field__name15": 15,
+        "field__Name16": 16,
+        "field_name17__": 17,
+        "Field_name18__": 18
+      })",
+      R"(
+        fieldname1: 1
+        field_name2: 2
+        _field_name3: 3
+        field__name4_: 4
+        field0name5: 5
+        field_0_name6: 6
+        fieldName7: 7
+        FieldName8: 8
+        field_Name9: 9
+        Field_Name10: 10
+        FIELD_NAME11: 11
+        FIELD_name12: 12
+        __field_name13: 13
+        __Field_name14: 14
+        field__name15: 15
+        field__Name16: 16
+        field_name17__: 17
+        Field_name18__: 18
+      )");
+  // Field names can be escaped.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "FieldNameEscaped", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"fieldn\u0061me1": 1})",
+      "fieldname1: 1");
+  // String ends with escape character.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "StringEndsWithEscapeChar", RECOMMENDED,
+      "{\"optionalString\": \"abc\\");
+  // Field names must be quoted (or it's not valid JSON).
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "FieldNameNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
+      "{fieldname1: 1}");
+  // Trailing comma is not allowed (not valid JSON).
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "TrailingCommaInAnObject", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"fieldname1":1,})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "TrailingCommaInAnObjectWithSpace", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"fieldname1":1 ,})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "TrailingCommaInAnObjectWithSpaceCommaSpace", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"fieldname1":1 , })");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "TrailingCommaInAnObjectWithNewlines", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({
+        "fieldname1":1,
+      })");
+  // JSON doesn't support comments.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "JsonWithComments", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({
+        // This is a comment.
+        "fieldname1": 1
+      })");
+  // JSON spec says whitespace doesn't matter, so try a few spacings to be sure.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OneLineNoSpaces", RECOMMENDED,
+      "{\"optionalInt32\":1,\"optionalInt64\":2}",
+      R"(
+        optional_int32: 1
+        optional_int64: 2
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OneLineWithSpaces", RECOMMENDED,
+      "{ \"optionalInt32\" : 1 , \"optionalInt64\" : 2 }",
+      R"(
+        optional_int32: 1
+        optional_int64: 2
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "MultilineNoSpaces", RECOMMENDED,
+      "{\n\"optionalInt32\"\n:\n1\n,\n\"optionalInt64\"\n:\n2\n}",
+      R"(
+        optional_int32: 1
+        optional_int64: 2
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "MultilineWithSpaces", RECOMMENDED,
+      "{\n  \"optionalInt32\"  :  1\n  ,\n  \"optionalInt64\"  :  2\n}\n",
+      R"(
+        optional_int32: 1
+        optional_int64: 2
+      )");
+  // Missing comma between key/value pairs.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "MissingCommaOneLine", RECOMMENDED,
+      "{ \"optionalInt32\": 1 \"optionalInt64\": 2 }");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "MissingCommaMultiline", RECOMMENDED,
+      "{\n  \"optionalInt32\": 1\n  \"optionalInt64\": 2\n}");
+  // Duplicated field names are not allowed.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "FieldNameDuplicate", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalNestedMessage": {a: 1},
+        "optionalNestedMessage": {}
+      })");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "FieldNameDuplicateDifferentCasing1", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({
+        "optional_nested_message": {a: 1},
+        "optionalNestedMessage": {}
+      })");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "FieldNameDuplicateDifferentCasing2", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalNestedMessage": {a: 1},
+        "optional_nested_message": {}
+      })");
+  // Serializers should use lowerCamelCase by default.
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "FieldNameInLowerCamelCase", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "fieldname1": 1,
+        "fieldName2": 2,
+        "FieldName3": 3,
+        "fieldName4": 4
+      })",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value.isMember("fieldname1") &&
+            value.isMember("fieldName2") &&
+            value.isMember("FieldName3") &&
+            value.isMember("fieldName4");
+      });
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "FieldNameWithNumbers", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "field0name5": 5,
+        "field0Name6": 6
+      })",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value.isMember("field0name5") &&
+            value.isMember("field0Name6");
+      });
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "FieldNameWithMixedCases", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "fieldName7": 7,
+        "FieldName8": 8,
+        "fieldName9": 9,
+        "FieldName10": 10,
+        "FIELDNAME11": 11,
+        "FIELDName12": 12
+      })",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value.isMember("fieldName7") &&
+            value.isMember("FieldName8") &&
+            value.isMember("fieldName9") &&
+            value.isMember("FieldName10") &&
+            value.isMember("FIELDNAME11") &&
+            value.isMember("FIELDName12");
+      });
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "FieldNameWithDoubleUnderscores", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({
+        "FieldName13": 13,
+        "FieldName14": 14,
+        "fieldName15": 15,
+        "fieldName16": 16,
+        "fieldName17": 17,
+        "FieldName18": 18
+      })",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value.isMember("FieldName13") &&
+            value.isMember("FieldName14") &&
+            value.isMember("fieldName15") &&
+            value.isMember("fieldName16") &&
+            value.isMember("fieldName17") &&
+            value.isMember("FieldName18");
+      });
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunJsonTestsForNonRepeatedTypes() {
+  // Integer fields.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int32FieldMaxValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": 2147483647})",
+      "optional_int32: 2147483647");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int32FieldMinValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": -2147483648})",
+      "optional_int32: -2147483648");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Uint32FieldMaxValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalUint32": 4294967295})",
+      "optional_uint32: 4294967295");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int64FieldMaxValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt64": "9223372036854775807"})",
+      "optional_int64: 9223372036854775807");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int64FieldMinValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt64": "-9223372036854775808"})",
+      "optional_int64: -9223372036854775808");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Uint64FieldMaxValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalUint64": "18446744073709551615"})",
+      "optional_uint64: 18446744073709551615");
+  // While not the largest Int64, this is the largest
+  // Int64 which can be exactly represented within an
+  // IEEE-754 64-bit float, which is the expected level
+  // of interoperability guarantee. Larger values may
+  // work in some implementations, but should not be
+  // relied upon.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int64FieldMaxValueNotQuoted", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt64": 9223372036854774784})",
+      "optional_int64: 9223372036854774784");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int64FieldMinValueNotQuoted", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt64": -9223372036854775808})",
+      "optional_int64: -9223372036854775808");
+  // Largest interoperable Uint64; see comment above
+  // for Int64FieldMaxValueNotQuoted.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Uint64FieldMaxValueNotQuoted", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalUint64": 18446744073709549568})",
+      "optional_uint64: 18446744073709549568");
+  // Values can be represented as JSON strings.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int32FieldStringValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": "2147483647"})",
+      "optional_int32: 2147483647");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int32FieldStringValueEscaped", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": "2\u003147483647"})",
+      "optional_int32: 2147483647");
+
+  // Parsers reject out-of-bound integer values.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int32FieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": 2147483648})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int32FieldTooSmall", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": -2147483649})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Uint32FieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalUint32": 4294967296})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int64FieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt64": "9223372036854775808"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int64FieldTooSmall", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt64": "-9223372036854775809"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Uint64FieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalUint64": "18446744073709551616"})");
+  // Parser reject non-integer numeric values as well.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int32FieldNotInteger", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": 0.5})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Uint32FieldNotInteger", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalUint32": 0.5})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int64FieldNotInteger", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt64": "0.5"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Uint64FieldNotInteger", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalUint64": "0.5"})");
+
+  // Integers but represented as float values are accepted.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int32FieldFloatTrailingZero", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": 100000.000})",
+      "optional_int32: 100000");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int32FieldExponentialFormat", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": 1e5})",
+      "optional_int32: 100000");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int32FieldMaxFloatValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": 2.147483647e9})",
+      "optional_int32: 2147483647");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int32FieldMinFloatValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": -2.147483648e9})",
+      "optional_int32: -2147483648");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Uint32FieldMaxFloatValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalUint32": 4.294967295e9})",
+      "optional_uint32: 4294967295");
+
+  // Parser reject non-numeric values.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int32FieldNotNumber", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": "3x3"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Uint32FieldNotNumber", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalUint32": "3x3"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int64FieldNotNumber", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt64": "3x3"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Uint64FieldNotNumber", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalUint64": "3x3"})");
+  // JSON does not allow "+" on numric values.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int32FieldPlusSign", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": +1})");
+  // JSON doesn't allow leading 0s.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int32FieldLeadingZero", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": 01})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int32FieldNegativeWithLeadingZero", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": -01})");
+  // String values must follow the same syntax rule. Specifically leading
+  // or trailing spaces are not allowed.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int32FieldLeadingSpace", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": " 1"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int32FieldTrailingSpace", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32": "1 "})");
+
+  // 64-bit values are serialized as strings.
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "Int64FieldBeString", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalInt64": 1})",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value["optionalInt64"].type() == Json::stringValue &&
+            value["optionalInt64"].asString() == "1";
+      });
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "Uint64FieldBeString", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalUint64": 1})",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value["optionalUint64"].type() == Json::stringValue &&
+            value["optionalUint64"].asString() == "1";
+      });
+
+  // Bool fields.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "BoolFieldTrue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalBool":true})",
+      "optional_bool: true");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "BoolFieldFalse", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalBool":false})",
+      "optional_bool: false");
+
+  // Other forms are not allowed.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "BoolFieldIntegerZero", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalBool":0})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "BoolFieldIntegerOne", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalBool":1})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "BoolFieldCamelCaseTrue", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalBool":True})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "BoolFieldCamelCaseFalse", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalBool":False})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "BoolFieldAllCapitalTrue", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalBool":TRUE})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "BoolFieldAllCapitalFalse", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalBool":FALSE})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "BoolFieldDoubleQuotedTrue", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalBool":"true"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "BoolFieldDoubleQuotedFalse", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalBool":"false"})");
+
+  // Float fields.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "FloatFieldMinPositiveValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalFloat": 1.175494e-38})",
+      "optional_float: 1.175494e-38");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "FloatFieldMaxNegativeValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalFloat": -1.175494e-38})",
+      "optional_float: -1.175494e-38");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "FloatFieldMaxPositiveValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalFloat": 3.402823e+38})",
+      "optional_float: 3.402823e+38");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "FloatFieldMinNegativeValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalFloat": 3.402823e+38})",
+      "optional_float: 3.402823e+38");
+  // Values can be quoted.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "FloatFieldQuotedValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalFloat": "1"})",
+      "optional_float: 1");
+  // Special values.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "FloatFieldNan", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalFloat": "NaN"})",
+      "optional_float: nan");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "FloatFieldInfinity", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalFloat": "Infinity"})",
+      "optional_float: inf");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "FloatFieldNegativeInfinity", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalFloat": "-Infinity"})",
+      "optional_float: -inf");
+  // Non-cannonical Nan will be correctly normalized.
+  {
+    TestAllTypesProto3 message;
+    // IEEE floating-point standard 32-bit quiet NaN:
+    //   0111 1111 1xxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx
+    message.set_optional_float(
+        WireFormatLite::DecodeFloat(0x7FA12345));
+    RunValidJsonTestWithProtobufInput(
+        "FloatFieldNormalizeQuietNan", REQUIRED, message,
+        "optional_float: nan");
+    // IEEE floating-point standard 64-bit signaling NaN:
+    //   1111 1111 1xxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx
+    message.set_optional_float(
+        WireFormatLite::DecodeFloat(0xFFB54321));
+    RunValidJsonTestWithProtobufInput(
+        "FloatFieldNormalizeSignalingNan", REQUIRED, message,
+        "optional_float: nan");
+  }
+
+  // Special values must be quoted.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "FloatFieldNanNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalFloat": NaN})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "FloatFieldInfinityNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalFloat": Infinity})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "FloatFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalFloat": -Infinity})");
+  // Parsers should reject out-of-bound values.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "FloatFieldTooSmall", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalFloat": -3.502823e+38})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "FloatFieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalFloat": 3.502823e+38})");
+
+  // Double fields.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "DoubleFieldMinPositiveValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDouble": 2.22507e-308})",
+      "optional_double: 2.22507e-308");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "DoubleFieldMaxNegativeValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDouble": -2.22507e-308})",
+      "optional_double: -2.22507e-308");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "DoubleFieldMaxPositiveValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDouble": 1.79769e+308})",
+      "optional_double: 1.79769e+308");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "DoubleFieldMinNegativeValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDouble": -1.79769e+308})",
+      "optional_double: -1.79769e+308");
+  // Values can be quoted.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "DoubleFieldQuotedValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDouble": "1"})",
+      "optional_double: 1");
+  // Speical values.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "DoubleFieldNan", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDouble": "NaN"})",
+      "optional_double: nan");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "DoubleFieldInfinity", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDouble": "Infinity"})",
+      "optional_double: inf");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "DoubleFieldNegativeInfinity", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDouble": "-Infinity"})",
+      "optional_double: -inf");
+  // Non-cannonical Nan will be correctly normalized.
+  {
+    TestAllTypesProto3 message;
+    message.set_optional_double(
+        WireFormatLite::DecodeDouble(0x7FFA123456789ABCLL));
+    RunValidJsonTestWithProtobufInput(
+        "DoubleFieldNormalizeQuietNan", REQUIRED, message,
+        "optional_double: nan");
+    message.set_optional_double(
+        WireFormatLite::DecodeDouble(0xFFFBCBA987654321LL));
+    RunValidJsonTestWithProtobufInput(
+        "DoubleFieldNormalizeSignalingNan", REQUIRED, message,
+        "optional_double: nan");
+  }
+
+  // Special values must be quoted.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "DoubleFieldNanNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalDouble": NaN})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "DoubleFieldInfinityNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalDouble": Infinity})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "DoubleFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalDouble": -Infinity})");
+
+  // Parsers should reject out-of-bound values.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "DoubleFieldTooSmall", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDouble": -1.89769e+308})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "DoubleFieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDouble": +1.89769e+308})");
+
+  // Enum fields.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "EnumField", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalNestedEnum": "FOO"})",
+      "optional_nested_enum: FOO");
+  // Enum fields with alias
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "EnumFieldWithAlias", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalAliasedEnum": "ALIAS_BAZ"})",
+      "optional_aliased_enum: ALIAS_BAZ");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "EnumFieldWithAliasUseAlias", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalAliasedEnum": "QUX"})",
+      "optional_aliased_enum: ALIAS_BAZ");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "EnumFieldWithAliasLowerCase", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalAliasedEnum": "qux"})",
+      "optional_aliased_enum: ALIAS_BAZ");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "EnumFieldWithAliasDifferentCase", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalAliasedEnum": "bAz"})",
+      "optional_aliased_enum: ALIAS_BAZ");
+  // Enum values must be represented as strings.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "EnumFieldNotQuoted", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalNestedEnum": FOO})");
+  // Numeric values are allowed.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "EnumFieldNumericValueZero", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalNestedEnum": 0})",
+      "optional_nested_enum: FOO");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "EnumFieldNumericValueNonZero", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalNestedEnum": 1})",
+      "optional_nested_enum: BAR");
+  // Unknown enum values are represented as numeric values.
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "EnumFieldUnknownValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalNestedEnum": 123})",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value["optionalNestedEnum"].type() == Json::intValue &&
+            value["optionalNestedEnum"].asInt() == 123;
+      });
+
+  // String fields.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "StringField", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalString": "Hello world!"})",
+      "optional_string: \"Hello world!\"");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "StringFieldUnicode", REQUIRED,
+      // Google in Chinese.
+      R"({"optionalString": "谷歌"})",
+      R"(optional_string: "谷歌")");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "StringFieldEscape", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalString": "\"\\\/\b\f\n\r\t"})",
+      R"(optional_string: "\"\\/\b\f\n\r\t")");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "StringFieldUnicodeEscape", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalString": "\u8C37\u6B4C"})",
+      R"(optional_string: "谷歌")");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "StringFieldUnicodeEscapeWithLowercaseHexLetters", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalString": "\u8c37\u6b4c"})",
+      R"(optional_string: "谷歌")");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "StringFieldSurrogatePair", REQUIRED,
+      // The character is an emoji: grinning face with smiling eyes. �
+      R"({"optionalString": "\uD83D\uDE01"})",
+      R"(optional_string: "\xF0\x9F\x98\x81")");
+
+  // Unicode escapes must start with "\u" (lowercase u).
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "StringFieldUppercaseEscapeLetter", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalString": "\U8C37\U6b4C"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "StringFieldInvalidEscape", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalString": "\uXXXX\u6B4C"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "StringFieldUnterminatedEscape", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalString": "\u8C3"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "StringFieldUnpairedHighSurrogate", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalString": "\uD800"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "StringFieldUnpairedLowSurrogate", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalString": "\uDC00"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "StringFieldSurrogateInWrongOrder", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalString": "\uDE01\uD83D"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "StringFieldNotAString", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalString": 12345})");
+
+  // Bytes fields.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "BytesField", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalBytes": "AQI="})",
+      R"(optional_bytes: "\x01\x02")");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "BytesFieldBase64Url", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalBytes": "-_"})",
+      R"(optional_bytes: "\xfb")");
+
+  // Message fields.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "MessageField", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalNestedMessage": {"a": 1234}})",
+      "optional_nested_message: {a: 1234}");
+
+  // Oneof fields.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "OneofFieldDuplicate", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"oneofUint32": 1, "oneofString": "test"})");
+  // Ensure zero values for oneof make it out/backs.
+  TestAllTypesProto3 messageProto3;
+  TestAllTypesProto2 messageProto2;
+  TestOneofMessage(messageProto3, true);
+  TestOneofMessage(messageProto2, false);
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OneofZeroUint32", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"oneofUint32": 0})", "oneof_uint32: 0");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OneofZeroMessage", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"oneofNestedMessage": {}})", "oneof_nested_message: {}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OneofZeroString", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"oneofString": ""})", "oneof_string: \"\"");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OneofZeroBytes", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"oneofBytes": ""})", "oneof_bytes: \"\"");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OneofZeroBool", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"oneofBool": false})", "oneof_bool: false");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OneofZeroUint64", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"oneofUint64": 0})", "oneof_uint64: 0");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OneofZeroFloat", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"oneofFloat": 0.0})", "oneof_float: 0");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OneofZeroDouble", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"oneofDouble": 0.0})", "oneof_double: 0");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OneofZeroEnum", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"oneofEnum":"FOO"})", "oneof_enum: FOO");
+
+  // Map fields.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int32MapField", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"mapInt32Int32": {"1": 2, "3": 4}})",
+      "map_int32_int32: {key: 1 value: 2}"
+      "map_int32_int32: {key: 3 value: 4}");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int32MapFieldKeyNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"mapInt32Int32": {1: 2, 3: 4}})");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Uint32MapField", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"mapUint32Uint32": {"1": 2, "3": 4}})",
+      "map_uint32_uint32: {key: 1 value: 2}"
+      "map_uint32_uint32: {key: 3 value: 4}");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Uint32MapFieldKeyNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"mapUint32Uint32": {1: 2, 3: 4}})");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int64MapField", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"mapInt64Int64": {"1": 2, "3": 4}})",
+      "map_int64_int64: {key: 1 value: 2}"
+      "map_int64_int64: {key: 3 value: 4}");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Int64MapFieldKeyNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"mapInt64Int64": {1: 2, 3: 4}})");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Uint64MapField", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"mapUint64Uint64": {"1": 2, "3": 4}})",
+      "map_uint64_uint64: {key: 1 value: 2}"
+      "map_uint64_uint64: {key: 3 value: 4}");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "Uint64MapFieldKeyNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"mapUint64Uint64": {1: 2, 3: 4}})");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "BoolMapField", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"mapBoolBool": {"true": true, "false": false}})",
+      "map_bool_bool: {key: true value: true}"
+      "map_bool_bool: {key: false value: false}");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "BoolMapFieldKeyNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"mapBoolBool": {true: true, false: false}})");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "MessageMapField", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "mapStringNestedMessage": {
+          "hello": {"a": 1234},
+          "world": {"a": 5678}
+        }
+      })",
+      R"(
+        map_string_nested_message: {
+          key: "hello"
+          value: {a: 1234}
+        }
+        map_string_nested_message: {
+          key: "world"
+          value: {a: 5678}
+        }
+      )");
+  // Since Map keys are represented as JSON strings, escaping should be allowed.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int32MapEscapedKey", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"mapInt32Int32": {"\u0031": 2}})",
+      "map_int32_int32: {key: 1 value: 2}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Int64MapEscapedKey", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"mapInt64Int64": {"\u0031": 2}})",
+      "map_int64_int64: {key: 1 value: 2}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "BoolMapEscapedKey", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"mapBoolBool": {"tr\u0075e": true}})",
+      "map_bool_bool: {key: true value: true}");
+
+  // http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7159.txt says strings have to use double
+  // quotes.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson("StringFieldSingleQuoteKey", RECOMMENDED,
+                            R"({'optionalString': "Hello world!"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson("StringFieldSingleQuoteValue", RECOMMENDED,
+                            R"({"optionalString": 'Hello world!'})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson("StringFieldSingleQuoteBoth", RECOMMENDED,
+                            R"({'optionalString': 'Hello world!'})");
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunJsonTestsForRepeatedTypes() {
+  // Repeated fields.
+  RunValidJsonTest("PrimitiveRepeatedField", REQUIRED,
+                   R"({"repeatedInt32": [1, 2, 3, 4]})",
+                   "repeated_int32: [1, 2, 3, 4]");
+  RunValidJsonTest("EnumRepeatedField", REQUIRED,
+                   R"({"repeatedNestedEnum": ["FOO", "BAR", "BAZ"]})",
+                   "repeated_nested_enum: [FOO, BAR, BAZ]");
+  RunValidJsonTest("StringRepeatedField", REQUIRED,
+                   R"({"repeatedString": ["Hello", "world"]})",
+                   R"(repeated_string: ["Hello", "world"])");
+  RunValidJsonTest("BytesRepeatedField", REQUIRED,
+                   R"({"repeatedBytes": ["AAEC", "AQI="]})",
+                   R"(repeated_bytes: ["\x00\x01\x02", "\x01\x02"])");
+  RunValidJsonTest("MessageRepeatedField", REQUIRED,
+                   R"({"repeatedNestedMessage": [{"a": 1234}, {"a": 5678}]})",
+                   "repeated_nested_message: {a: 1234}"
+                   "repeated_nested_message: {a: 5678}");
+
+  // Repeated field elements are of incorrect type.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotBool", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedInt32": [1, false, 3, 4]})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotString", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedInt32": [1, 2, "name", 4]})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotMessage", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedInt32": [1, 2, 3, {"a": 4}]})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotInt", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedString": ["1", 2, "3", "4"]})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotBool", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedString": ["1", "2", false, "4"]})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotMessage", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedString": ["1", 2, "3", {"a": 4}]})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingMessagesGotInt", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedNestedMessage": [{"a": 1}, 2]})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingMessagesGotBool", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedNestedMessage": [{"a": 1}, false]})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingMessagesGotString", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedNestedMessage": [{"a": 1}, "2"]})");
+  // Trailing comma in the repeated field is not allowed.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson("RepeatedFieldTrailingComma", RECOMMENDED,
+                            R"({"repeatedInt32": [1, 2, 3, 4,]})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson("RepeatedFieldTrailingCommaWithSpace", RECOMMENDED,
+                            "{\"repeatedInt32\": [1, 2, 3, 4 ,]}");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson("RepeatedFieldTrailingCommaWithSpaceCommaSpace",
+                            RECOMMENDED,
+                            "{\"repeatedInt32\": [1, 2, 3, 4 , ]}");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "RepeatedFieldTrailingCommaWithNewlines", RECOMMENDED,
+      "{\"repeatedInt32\": [\n  1,\n  2,\n  3,\n  4,\n]}");
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunJsonTestsForNullTypes() {
+  // "null" is accepted for all fields types.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "AllFieldAcceptNull", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalInt32": null,
+        "optionalInt64": null,
+        "optionalUint32": null,
+        "optionalUint64": null,
+        "optionalSint32": null,
+        "optionalSint64": null,
+        "optionalFixed32": null,
+        "optionalFixed64": null,
+        "optionalSfixed32": null,
+        "optionalSfixed64": null,
+        "optionalFloat": null,
+        "optionalDouble": null,
+        "optionalBool": null,
+        "optionalString": null,
+        "optionalBytes": null,
+        "optionalNestedEnum": null,
+        "optionalNestedMessage": null,
+        "repeatedInt32": null,
+        "repeatedInt64": null,
+        "repeatedUint32": null,
+        "repeatedUint64": null,
+        "repeatedSint32": null,
+        "repeatedSint64": null,
+        "repeatedFixed32": null,
+        "repeatedFixed64": null,
+        "repeatedSfixed32": null,
+        "repeatedSfixed64": null,
+        "repeatedFloat": null,
+        "repeatedDouble": null,
+        "repeatedBool": null,
+        "repeatedString": null,
+        "repeatedBytes": null,
+        "repeatedNestedEnum": null,
+        "repeatedNestedMessage": null,
+        "mapInt32Int32": null,
+        "mapBoolBool": null,
+        "mapStringNestedMessage": null
+      })",
+      "");
+
+  // Repeated field elements cannot be null.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "RepeatedFieldPrimitiveElementIsNull", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"repeatedInt32": [1, null, 2]})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "RepeatedFieldMessageElementIsNull", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"repeatedNestedMessage": [{"a":1}, null, {"a":2}]})");
+  // Map field keys cannot be null.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "MapFieldKeyIsNull", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"mapInt32Int32": {null: 1}})");
+  // Map field values cannot be null.
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "MapFieldValueIsNull", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"mapInt32Int32": {"0": null}})");
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunJsonTestsForWrapperTypes() {
+  RunValidJsonTest("OptionalBoolWrapper", REQUIRED,
+                   R"({"optionalBoolWrapper": false})",
+                   "optional_bool_wrapper: {value: false}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OptionalInt32Wrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt32Wrapper": 0})",
+      "optional_int32_wrapper: {value: 0}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OptionalUint32Wrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalUint32Wrapper": 0})",
+      "optional_uint32_wrapper: {value: 0}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OptionalInt64Wrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalInt64Wrapper": 0})",
+      "optional_int64_wrapper: {value: 0}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OptionalUint64Wrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalUint64Wrapper": 0})",
+      "optional_uint64_wrapper: {value: 0}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OptionalFloatWrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalFloatWrapper": 0})",
+      "optional_float_wrapper: {value: 0}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OptionalDoubleWrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDoubleWrapper": 0})",
+      "optional_double_wrapper: {value: 0}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OptionalStringWrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalStringWrapper": ""})",
+      R"(optional_string_wrapper: {value: ""})");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OptionalBytesWrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalBytesWrapper": ""})",
+      R"(optional_bytes_wrapper: {value: ""})");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "OptionalWrapperTypesWithNonDefaultValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalBoolWrapper": true,
+        "optionalInt32Wrapper": 1,
+        "optionalUint32Wrapper": 1,
+        "optionalInt64Wrapper": "1",
+        "optionalUint64Wrapper": "1",
+        "optionalFloatWrapper": 1,
+        "optionalDoubleWrapper": 1,
+        "optionalStringWrapper": "1",
+        "optionalBytesWrapper": "AQI="
+      })",
+      R"(
+        optional_bool_wrapper: {value: true}
+        optional_int32_wrapper: {value: 1}
+        optional_uint32_wrapper: {value: 1}
+        optional_int64_wrapper: {value: 1}
+        optional_uint64_wrapper: {value: 1}
+        optional_float_wrapper: {value: 1}
+        optional_double_wrapper: {value: 1}
+        optional_string_wrapper: {value: "1"}
+        optional_bytes_wrapper: {value: "\x01\x02"}
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "RepeatedBoolWrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedBoolWrapper": [true, false]})",
+      "repeated_bool_wrapper: {value: true}"
+      "repeated_bool_wrapper: {value: false}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "RepeatedInt32Wrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedInt32Wrapper": [0, 1]})",
+      "repeated_int32_wrapper: {value: 0}"
+      "repeated_int32_wrapper: {value: 1}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "RepeatedUint32Wrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedUint32Wrapper": [0, 1]})",
+      "repeated_uint32_wrapper: {value: 0}"
+      "repeated_uint32_wrapper: {value: 1}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "RepeatedInt64Wrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedInt64Wrapper": [0, 1]})",
+      "repeated_int64_wrapper: {value: 0}"
+      "repeated_int64_wrapper: {value: 1}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "RepeatedUint64Wrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedUint64Wrapper": [0, 1]})",
+      "repeated_uint64_wrapper: {value: 0}"
+      "repeated_uint64_wrapper: {value: 1}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "RepeatedFloatWrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedFloatWrapper": [0, 1]})",
+      "repeated_float_wrapper: {value: 0}"
+      "repeated_float_wrapper: {value: 1}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "RepeatedDoubleWrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedDoubleWrapper": [0, 1]})",
+      "repeated_double_wrapper: {value: 0}"
+      "repeated_double_wrapper: {value: 1}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "RepeatedStringWrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedStringWrapper": ["", "AQI="]})",
+      R"(
+        repeated_string_wrapper: {value: ""}
+        repeated_string_wrapper: {value: "AQI="}
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "RepeatedBytesWrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedBytesWrapper": ["", "AQI="]})",
+      R"(
+        repeated_bytes_wrapper: {value: ""}
+        repeated_bytes_wrapper: {value: "\x01\x02"}
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "WrapperTypesWithNullValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalBoolWrapper": null,
+        "optionalInt32Wrapper": null,
+        "optionalUint32Wrapper": null,
+        "optionalInt64Wrapper": null,
+        "optionalUint64Wrapper": null,
+        "optionalFloatWrapper": null,
+        "optionalDoubleWrapper": null,
+        "optionalStringWrapper": null,
+        "optionalBytesWrapper": null,
+        "repeatedBoolWrapper": null,
+        "repeatedInt32Wrapper": null,
+        "repeatedUint32Wrapper": null,
+        "repeatedInt64Wrapper": null,
+        "repeatedUint64Wrapper": null,
+        "repeatedFloatWrapper": null,
+        "repeatedDoubleWrapper": null,
+        "repeatedStringWrapper": null,
+        "repeatedBytesWrapper": null
+      })",
+      "");
+
+  // Duration
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "DurationMinValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDuration": "-315576000000.999999999s"})",
+      "optional_duration: {seconds: -315576000000 nanos: -999999999}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "DurationMaxValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDuration": "315576000000.999999999s"})",
+      "optional_duration: {seconds: 315576000000 nanos: 999999999}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "DurationRepeatedValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"repeatedDuration": ["1.5s", "-1.5s"]})",
+      "repeated_duration: {seconds: 1 nanos: 500000000}"
+      "repeated_duration: {seconds: -1 nanos: -500000000}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "DurationNull", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDuration": null})",
+      "");
+
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "DurationMissingS", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDuration": "1"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "DurationJsonInputTooSmall", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDuration": "-315576000001.000000000s"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "DurationJsonInputTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalDuration": "315576000001.000000000s"})");
+  ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
+      "DurationProtoInputTooSmall", REQUIRED,
+      "optional_duration: {seconds: -315576000001 nanos: 0}");
+  ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
+      "DurationProtoInputTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+      "optional_duration: {seconds: 315576000001 nanos: 0}");
+
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "DurationHasZeroFractionalDigit", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalDuration": "1.000000000s"})",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value["optionalDuration"].asString() == "1s";
+      });
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "DurationHas3FractionalDigits", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalDuration": "1.010000000s"})",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value["optionalDuration"].asString() == "1.010s";
+      });
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "DurationHas6FractionalDigits", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalDuration": "1.000010000s"})",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value["optionalDuration"].asString() == "1.000010s";
+      });
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "DurationHas9FractionalDigits", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalDuration": "1.000000010s"})",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value["optionalDuration"].asString() == "1.000000010s";
+      });
+
+  // Timestamp
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "TimestampMinValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalTimestamp": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"})",
+      "optional_timestamp: {seconds: -62135596800}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "TimestampMaxValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalTimestamp": "9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z"})",
+      "optional_timestamp: {seconds: 253402300799 nanos: 999999999}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "TimestampRepeatedValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "repeatedTimestamp": [
+          "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+          "9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z"
+        ]
+      })",
+      "repeated_timestamp: {seconds: -62135596800}"
+      "repeated_timestamp: {seconds: 253402300799 nanos: 999999999}");
+  RunValidJsonTest("TimestampLeap", REQUIRED,
+                   R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1993-02-10T00:00:00.000Z"})",
+                   "optional_timestamp: {seconds: 729302400}");
+  RunValidJsonTest("TimestampWithPositiveOffset", REQUIRED,
+                   R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1970-01-01T08:00:01+08:00"})",
+                   "optional_timestamp: {seconds: 1}");
+  RunValidJsonTest("TimestampWithNegativeOffset", REQUIRED,
+                   R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1969-12-31T16:00:01-08:00"})",
+                   "optional_timestamp: {seconds: 1}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "TimestampNull", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalTimestamp": null})",
+      "");
+
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "TimestampJsonInputTooSmall", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalTimestamp": "0000-01-01T00:00:00Z"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "TimestampJsonInputTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalTimestamp": "10000-01-01T00:00:00Z"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "TimestampJsonInputMissingZ", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalTimestamp": "0001-01-01T00:00:00"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "TimestampJsonInputMissingT", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalTimestamp": "0001-01-01 00:00:00Z"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "TimestampJsonInputLowercaseZ", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalTimestamp": "0001-01-01T00:00:00z"})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "TimestampJsonInputLowercaseT", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalTimestamp": "0001-01-01t00:00:00Z"})");
+  ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
+      "TimestampProtoInputTooSmall", REQUIRED,
+      "optional_timestamp: {seconds: -62135596801}");
+  ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
+      "TimestampProtoInputTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+      "optional_timestamp: {seconds: 253402300800}");
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "TimestampZeroNormalized", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1969-12-31T16:00:00-08:00"})",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value["optionalTimestamp"].asString() == "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z";
+      });
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "TimestampHasZeroFractionalDigit", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000000Z"})",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value["optionalTimestamp"].asString() == "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z";
+      });
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "TimestampHas3FractionalDigits", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.010000000Z"})",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value["optionalTimestamp"].asString() ==
+               "1970-01-01T00:00:00.010Z";
+      });
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "TimestampHas6FractionalDigits", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000010000Z"})",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value["optionalTimestamp"].asString() ==
+               "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000010Z";
+      });
+  RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
+      "TimestampHas9FractionalDigits", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000010Z"})",
+      [](const Json::Value& value) {
+        return value["optionalTimestamp"].asString() ==
+               "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000010Z";
+      });
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunJsonTestsForFieldMask() {
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "FieldMask", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalFieldMask": "foo,barBaz"})",
+      R"(optional_field_mask: {paths: "foo" paths: "bar_baz"})");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "EmptyFieldMask", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalFieldMask": ""})",
+      R"(optional_field_mask: {})");
+  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
+      "FieldMaskInvalidCharacter", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"({"optionalFieldMask": "foo,bar_bar"})");
+  ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
+      "FieldMaskPathsDontRoundTrip", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"(optional_field_mask: {paths: "fooBar"})");
+  ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
+      "FieldMaskNumbersDontRoundTrip", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"(optional_field_mask: {paths: "foo_3_bar"})");
+  ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
+      "FieldMaskTooManyUnderscore", RECOMMENDED,
+      R"(optional_field_mask: {paths: "foo__bar"})");
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunJsonTestsForStruct() {
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Struct", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalStruct": {
+          "nullValue": null,
+          "intValue": 1234,
+          "boolValue": true,
+          "doubleValue": 1234.5678,
+          "stringValue": "Hello world!",
+          "listValue": [1234, "5678"],
+          "objectValue": {
+            "value": 0
+          }
+        }
+      })",
+      R"(
+        optional_struct: {
+          fields: {
+            key: "nullValue"
+            value: {null_value: NULL_VALUE}
+          }
+          fields: {
+            key: "intValue"
+            value: {number_value: 1234}
+          }
+          fields: {
+            key: "boolValue"
+            value: {bool_value: true}
+          }
+          fields: {
+            key: "doubleValue"
+            value: {number_value: 1234.5678}
+          }
+          fields: {
+            key: "stringValue"
+            value: {string_value: "Hello world!"}
+          }
+          fields: {
+            key: "listValue"
+            value: {
+              list_value: {
+                values: {
+                  number_value: 1234
+                }
+                values: {
+                  string_value: "5678"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          fields: {
+            key: "objectValue"
+            value: {
+              struct_value: {
+                fields: {
+                  key: "value"
+                  value: {
+                    number_value: 0
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "StructWithEmptyListValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalStruct": {
+          "listValue": []
+        }
+      })",
+      R"(
+        optional_struct: {
+          fields: {
+            key: "listValue"
+            value: {
+              list_value: {
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      )");
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunJsonTestsForValue() {
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "ValueAcceptInteger", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalValue": 1})",
+      "optional_value: { number_value: 1}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "ValueAcceptFloat", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalValue": 1.5})",
+      "optional_value: { number_value: 1.5}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "ValueAcceptBool", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalValue": false})",
+      "optional_value: { bool_value: false}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "ValueAcceptNull", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalValue": null})",
+      "optional_value: { null_value: NULL_VALUE}");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "ValueAcceptString", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalValue": "hello"})",
+      R"(optional_value: { string_value: "hello"})");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "ValueAcceptList", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalValue": [0, "hello"]})",
+      R"(
+        optional_value: {
+          list_value: {
+            values: {
+              number_value: 0
+            }
+            values: {
+              string_value: "hello"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "ValueAcceptObject", REQUIRED,
+      R"({"optionalValue": {"value": 1}})",
+      R"(
+        optional_value: {
+          struct_value: {
+            fields: {
+              key: "value"
+              value: {
+                number_value: 1
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "RepeatedValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "repeatedValue": [["a"]]
+      })",
+      R"(
+        repeated_value: [
+          {
+            list_value: {
+              values: [
+                { string_value: "a"}
+              ]
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "RepeatedListValue", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "repeatedListValue": [["a"]]
+      })",
+      R"(
+        repeated_list_value: [
+          {
+            values: [
+              { string_value: "a"}
+            ]
+          }
+        ]
+      )");
+}
+
+void BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite::RunJsonTestsForAny() {
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "Any", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalAny": {
+          "@type": "type.googleapis.com/protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3",
+          "optionalInt32": 12345
+        }
+      })",
+      R"(
+        optional_any: {
+          [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3] {
+            optional_int32: 12345
+          }
+        }
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "AnyNested", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalAny": {
+          "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any",
+          "value": {
+            "@type": "type.googleapis.com/protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3",
+            "optionalInt32": 12345
+          }
+        }
+      })",
+      R"(
+        optional_any: {
+          [type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any] {
+            [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3] {
+              optional_int32: 12345
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      )");
+  // The special "@type" tag is not required to appear first.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "AnyUnorderedTypeTag", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalAny": {
+          "optionalInt32": 12345,
+          "@type": "type.googleapis.com/protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3"
+        }
+      })",
+      R"(
+        optional_any: {
+          [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3] {
+            optional_int32: 12345
+          }
+        }
+      )");
+  // Well-known types in Any.
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "AnyWithInt32ValueWrapper", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalAny": {
+          "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value",
+          "value": 12345
+        }
+      })",
+      R"(
+        optional_any: {
+          [type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value] {
+            value: 12345
+          }
+        }
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "AnyWithDuration", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalAny": {
+          "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration",
+          "value": "1.5s"
+        }
+      })",
+      R"(
+        optional_any: {
+          [type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration] {
+            seconds: 1
+            nanos: 500000000
+          }
+        }
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "AnyWithTimestamp", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalAny": {
+          "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp",
+          "value": "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+        }
+      })",
+      R"(
+        optional_any: {
+          [type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp] {
+            seconds: 0
+            nanos: 0
+          }
+        }
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "AnyWithFieldMask", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalAny": {
+          "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask",
+          "value": "foo,barBaz"
+        }
+      })",
+      R"(
+        optional_any: {
+          [type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask] {
+            paths: ["foo", "bar_baz"]
+          }
+        }
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "AnyWithStruct", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalAny": {
+          "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Struct",
+          "value": {
+            "foo": 1
+          }
+        }
+      })",
+      R"(
+        optional_any: {
+          [type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Struct] {
+            fields: {
+              key: "foo"
+              value: {
+                number_value: 1
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "AnyWithValueForJsonObject", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalAny": {
+          "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value",
+          "value": {
+            "foo": 1
+          }
+        }
+      })",
+      R"(
+        optional_any: {
+          [type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value] {
+            struct_value: {
+              fields: {
+                key: "foo"
+                value: {
+                  number_value: 1
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      )");
+  RunValidJsonTest(
+      "AnyWithValueForInteger", REQUIRED,
+      R"({
+        "optionalAny": {
+          "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value",
+          "value": 1
+        }
+      })",
+      R"(
+        optional_any: {
+          [type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value] {
+            number_value: 1
+          }
+        }
+      )");
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/binary_json_conformance_suite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/binary_json_conformance_suite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aaf8bb4d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/binary_json_conformance_suite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef CONFORMANCE_BINARY_JSON_CONFORMANCE_SUITE_H
+#define CONFORMANCE_BINARY_JSON_CONFORMANCE_SUITE_H
+
+#include "third_party/jsoncpp/json.h"
+#include "conformance_test.h"
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite : public ConformanceTestSuite {
+ public:
+  BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite() {}
+
+ private:
+  void RunSuiteImpl();
+  void RunJsonTests();
+  void RunJsonTestsForFieldNameConvention();
+  void RunJsonTestsForNonRepeatedTypes();
+  void RunJsonTestsForRepeatedTypes();
+  void RunJsonTestsForNullTypes();
+  void RunJsonTestsForWrapperTypes();
+  void RunJsonTestsForFieldMask();
+  void RunJsonTestsForStruct();
+  void RunJsonTestsForValue();
+  void RunJsonTestsForAny();
+  void RunValidJsonTest(const string& test_name,
+                        ConformanceLevel level,
+                        const string& input_json,
+                        const string& equivalent_text_format);
+  void RunValidJsonTestWithProtobufInput(
+      const string& test_name,
+      ConformanceLevel level,
+      const protobuf_test_messages::proto3::TestAllTypesProto3& input,
+      const string& equivalent_text_format);
+  void RunValidJsonIgnoreUnknownTest(
+      const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const string& input_json,
+      const string& equivalent_text_format);
+  void RunValidProtobufTest(const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level,
+                            const string& input_protobuf,
+                            const string& equivalent_text_format,
+                            bool is_proto3);
+  void RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(const string& test_name,
+                                  ConformanceLevel level,
+                                  const string& input_protobuf,
+                                  bool is_proto3);
+  void RunValidBinaryProtobufTest(const string& test_name,
+                                  ConformanceLevel level,
+                                  const string& input_protobuf,
+                                  const string& expected_protobuf,
+                                  bool is_proto3);
+  void RunValidProtobufTestWithMessage(
+      const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level,
+      const Message *input,
+      const string& equivalent_text_format,
+      bool is_proto3);
+
+  bool ParseJsonResponse(
+      const conformance::ConformanceResponse& response,
+      Message* test_message);
+  bool ParseResponse(
+      const conformance::ConformanceResponse& response,
+      const ConformanceRequestSetting& setting,
+      Message* test_message) override;
+
+  typedef std::function<bool(const Json::Value&)> Validator;
+  void RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(const string& test_name,
+                                     ConformanceLevel level,
+                                     const string& input_json,
+                                     const Validator& validator);
+  void ExpectParseFailureForJson(const string& test_name,
+                                 ConformanceLevel level,
+                                 const string& input_json);
+  void ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(const string& test_name,
+                                     ConformanceLevel level,
+                                     const string& text_format);
+  void ExpectParseFailureForProtoWithProtoVersion (const string& proto,
+                                                   const string& test_name,
+                                                   ConformanceLevel level,
+                                                   bool is_proto3);
+  void ExpectParseFailureForProto(const std::string& proto,
+                                  const std::string& test_name,
+                                  ConformanceLevel level);
+  void ExpectHardParseFailureForProto(const std::string& proto,
+                                      const std::string& test_name,
+                                      ConformanceLevel level);
+  void TestPrematureEOFForType(google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor::Type type);
+  void TestIllegalTags();
+  template <class MessageType>
+  void TestOneofMessage (MessageType &message,
+                         bool is_proto3);
+  template <class MessageType>
+  void TestUnknownMessage (MessageType &message,
+                           bool is_proto3);
+  void TestValidDataForType(
+      google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor::Type,
+      std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> values);
+  void TestValidDataForRepeatedScalarMessage();
+  void TestValidDataForMapType(google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor::Type,
+                               google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor::Type);
+  void TestValidDataForOneofType(google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor::Type);
+  void TestMergeOneofMessage();
+  void TestOverwriteMessageValueMap();
+
+  std::unique_ptr<google::protobuf::util::TypeResolver> type_resolver_;
+  std::string type_url_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // CONFORMANCE_BINARY_JSON_CONFORMANCE_SUITE_H
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54da406c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+package conformance;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.conformance";
+
+// This defines the conformance testing protocol.  This protocol exists between
+// the conformance test suite itself and the code being tested.  For each test,
+// the suite will send a ConformanceRequest message and expect a
+// ConformanceResponse message.
+//
+// You can either run the tests in two different ways:
+//
+//   1. in-process (using the interface in conformance_test.h).
+//
+//   2. as a sub-process communicating over a pipe.  Information about how to
+//      do this is in conformance_test_runner.cc.
+//
+// Pros/cons of the two approaches:
+//
+//   - running as a sub-process is much simpler for languages other than C/C++.
+//
+//   - running as a sub-process may be more tricky in unusual environments like
+//     iOS apps, where fork/stdin/stdout are not available.
+
+enum WireFormat {
+  UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  PROTOBUF = 1;
+  JSON = 2;
+  JSPB = 3;  // Google internal only. Opensource testees just skip it.
+  TEXT_FORMAT = 4;
+}
+
+enum TestCategory {
+  UNSPECIFIED_TEST = 0;
+  BINARY_TEST = 1;  // Test binary wire format.
+  JSON_TEST = 2;    // Test json wire format.
+  // Similar to JSON_TEST. However, during parsing json, testee should ignore
+  // unknown fields. This feature is optional. Each implementation can descide
+  // whether to support it.  See
+  // https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto3#json_options
+  // for more detail.
+  JSON_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_PARSING_TEST = 3;
+  // Test jspb wire format. Google internal only. Opensource testees just skip it.
+  JSPB_TEST = 4;
+  // Test text format. For cpp, java and python, testees can already deal with
+  // this type. Testees of other languages can simply skip it.
+  TEXT_FORMAT_TEST = 5;
+}
+
+// The conformance runner will request a list of failures as the first request.
+// This will be known by message_type == "conformance.FailureSet", a conformance
+// test should return a serialized FailureSet in protobuf_payload.
+message FailureSet {
+  repeated string failure = 1;
+}
+
+// Represents a single test case's input.  The testee should:
+//
+//   1. parse this proto (which should always succeed)
+//   2. parse the protobuf or JSON payload in "payload" (which may fail)
+//   3. if the parse succeeded, serialize the message in the requested format.
+message ConformanceRequest {
+  // The payload (whether protobuf of JSON) is always for a
+  // protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypes proto (as defined in
+  // src/google/protobuf/proto3_test_messages.proto).
+  //
+  // TODO(haberman): if/when we expand the conformance tests to support proto2,
+  // we will want to include a field that lets the payload/response be a
+  // protobuf_test_messages.proto2.TestAllTypes message instead.
+  oneof payload {
+    bytes protobuf_payload = 1;
+    string json_payload = 2;
+    // Google internal only.  Opensource testees just skip it.
+    string jspb_payload = 7;
+    string text_payload = 8;
+  }
+
+  // Which format should the testee serialize its message to?
+  WireFormat requested_output_format = 3;
+
+  // The full name for the test message to use; for the moment, either:
+  // protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3 or
+  // protobuf_test_messages.proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.
+  string message_type = 4;
+
+  // Each test is given a specific test category. Some category may need
+  // spedific support in testee programs. Refer to the defintion of TestCategory
+  // for more information.
+  TestCategory test_category = 5;
+
+  // Specify details for how to encode jspb.
+  JspbEncodingConfig jspb_encoding_options = 6;
+
+  // This can be used in json and text format. If true, testee should print
+  // unknown fields instead of ignore. This feature is optional.
+  bool print_unknown_fields = 9;
+}
+
+// Represents a single test case's output.
+message ConformanceResponse {
+  oneof result {
+    // This string should be set to indicate parsing failed.  The string can
+    // provide more information about the parse error if it is available.
+    //
+    // Setting this string does not necessarily mean the testee failed the
+    // test.  Some of the test cases are intentionally invalid input.
+    string parse_error = 1;
+
+    // If the input was successfully parsed but errors occurred when
+    // serializing it to the requested output format, set the error message in
+    // this field.
+    string serialize_error = 6;
+
+    // This should be set if some other error occurred.  This will always
+    // indicate that the test failed.  The string can provide more information
+    // about the failure.
+    string runtime_error = 2;
+
+    // If the input was successfully parsed and the requested output was
+    // protobuf, serialize it to protobuf and set it in this field.
+    bytes protobuf_payload = 3;
+
+    // If the input was successfully parsed and the requested output was JSON,
+    // serialize to JSON and set it in this field.
+    string json_payload = 4;
+
+    // For when the testee skipped the test, likely because a certain feature
+    // wasn't supported, like JSON input/output.
+    string skipped = 5;
+
+    // If the input was successfully parsed and the requested output was JSPB,
+    // serialize to JSPB and set it in this field. JSPB is google internal only
+    // format. Opensource testees can just skip it.
+    string jspb_payload = 7;
+
+    // If the input was successfully parsed and the requested output was
+    // TEXT_FORMAT, serialize to TEXT_FORMAT and set it in this field.
+    string text_payload = 8;
+  }
+}
+
+// Encoding options for jspb format.
+message JspbEncodingConfig {
+  // Encode the value field of Any as jspb array if ture, otherwise binary.
+  bool use_jspb_array_any_format = 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_cpp.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_cpp.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1cdfdae45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_cpp.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/json_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h>
+#include "conformance.pb.h"
+#include <google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+using conformance::ConformanceRequest;
+using conformance::ConformanceResponse;
+using google::protobuf::Descriptor;
+using google::protobuf::DescriptorPool;
+using google::protobuf::Message;
+using google::protobuf::MessageFactory;
+using google::protobuf::TextFormat;
+using google::protobuf::util::BinaryToJsonString;
+using google::protobuf::util::JsonParseOptions;
+using google::protobuf::util::JsonToBinaryString;
+using google::protobuf::util::NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool;
+using google::protobuf::util::TypeResolver;
+using protobuf_test_messages::proto3::TestAllTypesProto3;
+using std::string;
+
+static const char kTypeUrlPrefix[] = "type.googleapis.com";
+
+const char* kFailures[] = {
+};
+
+static string GetTypeUrl(const Descriptor* message) {
+  return string(kTypeUrlPrefix) + "/" + message->full_name();
+}
+
+int test_count = 0;
+bool verbose = false;
+TypeResolver* type_resolver;
+string* type_url;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+using util::Status;
+
+bool CheckedRead(int fd, void *buf, size_t len) {
+  size_t ofs = 0;
+  while (len > 0) {
+    ssize_t bytes_read = read(fd, (char*)buf + ofs, len);
+
+    if (bytes_read == 0) return false;
+
+    if (bytes_read < 0) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Error reading from test runner: " << strerror(errno);
+    }
+
+    len -= bytes_read;
+    ofs += bytes_read;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void CheckedWrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len) {
+  if (write(fd, buf, len) != len) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Error writing to test runner: " << strerror(errno);
+  }
+}
+
+void DoTest(const ConformanceRequest& request, ConformanceResponse* response) {
+  Message *test_message;
+  const Descriptor *descriptor = DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindMessageTypeByName(
+      request.message_type());
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "No such message type: " << request.message_type();
+  }
+  test_message = MessageFactory::generated_factory()->GetPrototype(descriptor)->New();
+
+  switch (request.payload_case()) {
+    case ConformanceRequest::kProtobufPayload: {
+      if (!test_message->ParseFromString(request.protobuf_payload())) {
+        // Getting parse details would involve something like:
+        //   http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22121922/how-can-i-get-more-details-about-errors-generated-during-protobuf-parsing-c
+        response->set_parse_error("Parse error (no more details available).");
+        return;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case ConformanceRequest::kJsonPayload: {
+      string proto_binary;
+      JsonParseOptions options;
+      options.ignore_unknown_fields =
+          (request.test_category() ==
+              conformance::JSON_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_PARSING_TEST);
+      Status status = JsonToBinaryString(type_resolver, *type_url,
+                                         request.json_payload(), &proto_binary,
+                                         options);
+      if (!status.ok()) {
+        response->set_parse_error(string("Parse error: ") +
+                                  std::string(status.error_message()));
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (!test_message->ParseFromString(proto_binary)) {
+        response->set_runtime_error(
+            "Parsing JSON generates invalid proto output.");
+        return;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case ConformanceRequest::kTextPayload: {
+      if (!TextFormat::ParseFromString(request.text_payload(), test_message)) {
+        response->set_parse_error("Parse error");
+        return;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case ConformanceRequest::PAYLOAD_NOT_SET:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Request didn't have payload.";
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "unknown payload type: " << request.payload_case();
+      break;
+  }
+
+  conformance::FailureSet failures;
+  if (descriptor == failures.GetDescriptor()) {
+    for (const char* s : kFailures) failures.add_failure(s);
+    test_message = &failures;
+  }
+
+  switch (request.requested_output_format()) {
+    case conformance::UNSPECIFIED:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unspecified output format";
+      break;
+
+    case conformance::PROTOBUF: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(test_message->SerializeToString(
+          response->mutable_protobuf_payload()));
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case conformance::JSON: {
+      string proto_binary;
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(test_message->SerializeToString(&proto_binary));
+      Status status = BinaryToJsonString(type_resolver, *type_url, proto_binary,
+                                         response->mutable_json_payload());
+      if (!status.ok()) {
+        response->set_serialize_error(
+            string("Failed to serialize JSON output: ") +
+            std::string(status.error_message()));
+        return;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case conformance::TEXT_FORMAT: {
+      TextFormat::Printer printer;
+      printer.SetHideUnknownFields(!request.print_unknown_fields());
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(printer.PrintToString(*test_message,
+                                  response->mutable_text_payload()));
+      break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown output format: "
+                 << request.requested_output_format();
+  }
+}
+
+bool DoTestIo() {
+  string serialized_input;
+  string serialized_output;
+  ConformanceRequest request;
+  ConformanceResponse response;
+  uint32_t bytes;
+
+  if (!CheckedRead(STDIN_FILENO, &bytes, sizeof(uint32_t))) {
+    // EOF.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  serialized_input.resize(bytes);
+
+  if (!CheckedRead(STDIN_FILENO, (char*)serialized_input.c_str(), bytes)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Unexpected EOF on stdin. " << strerror(errno);
+  }
+
+  if (!request.ParseFromString(serialized_input)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Parse of ConformanceRequest proto failed.";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  DoTest(request, &response);
+
+  response.SerializeToString(&serialized_output);
+
+  bytes = serialized_output.size();
+  CheckedWrite(STDOUT_FILENO, &bytes, sizeof(uint32_t));
+  CheckedWrite(STDOUT_FILENO, serialized_output.c_str(), bytes);
+
+  if (verbose) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "conformance-cpp: request=%s, response=%s\n",
+            request.ShortDebugString().c_str(),
+            response.ShortDebugString().c_str());
+  }
+
+  test_count++;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+int main() {
+  type_resolver = NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(
+      kTypeUrlPrefix, DescriptorPool::generated_pool());
+  type_url = new string(GetTypeUrl(TestAllTypesProto3::descriptor()));
+  while (1) {
+    if (!google::protobuf::DoTestIo()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "conformance-cpp: received EOF from test runner "
+                      "after %d tests, exiting\n", test_count);
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_nodejs.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_nodejs.js
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4d96a3851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_nodejs.js
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+var conformance = require('conformance_pb');
+var test_messages_proto3 = require('google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3_pb');
+var test_messages_proto2 = require('google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2_pb');
+var fs = require('fs');
+
+var testCount = 0;
+
+function doTest(request) {
+  var testMessage;
+  var response = new conformance.ConformanceResponse();
+
+  try {
+    if (request.getRequestedOutputFormat() === conformance.WireFormat.JSON) {
+      response.setSkipped("JSON not supported.");
+      return response;
+    }
+
+    switch (request.getPayloadCase()) {
+      case conformance.ConformanceRequest.PayloadCase.PROTOBUF_PAYLOAD: {
+        if (request.getMessageType() == "protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3") {
+          try {
+            testMessage = test_messages_proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.deserializeBinary(
+                request.getProtobufPayload());
+          } catch (err) {
+            response.setParseError(err.toString());
+            return response;
+          }
+        } else if (request.getMessageType() == "protobuf_test_messages.proto2.TestAllTypesProto2"){
+          try {
+            testMessage = test_messages_proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.deserializeBinary(
+                request.getProtobufPayload());
+          } catch (err) {
+            response.setParseError(err.toString());
+            return response;
+          }
+        } else {
+          throw "Protobuf request doesn\'t have specific payload type";
+        }
+      }
+
+      case conformance.ConformanceRequest.PayloadCase.JSON_PAYLOAD:
+        response.setSkipped("JSON not supported.");
+        return response;
+
+	  case conformance.ConformanceRequest.PayloadCase.TEXT_PAYLOAD:
+	    response.setSkipped("Text format not supported.");
+        return response;
+		
+      case conformance.ConformanceRequest.PayloadCase.PAYLOAD_NOT_SET:
+        response.setRuntimeError("Request didn't have payload");
+        return response;
+    }
+
+    switch (request.getRequestedOutputFormat()) {
+      case conformance.WireFormat.UNSPECIFIED:
+        response.setRuntimeError("Unspecified output format");
+        return response;
+
+      case conformance.WireFormat.PROTOBUF:
+        response.setProtobufPayload(testMessage.serializeBinary());
+
+      case conformance.WireFormat.JSON:
+        response.setSkipped("JSON not supported.");
+        return response;
+
+      default:
+        throw "Request didn't have requested output format";
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    response.setRuntimeError(err.toString());
+  }
+
+  return response;
+}
+
+function onEof(totalRead) {
+  if (totalRead == 0) {
+    return undefined;
+  } else {
+    throw "conformance_nodejs: premature EOF on stdin.";
+  }
+}
+
+// Utility function to read a buffer of N bytes.
+function readBuffer(bytes) {
+  var buf = new Buffer(bytes);
+  var totalRead = 0;
+  while (totalRead < bytes) {
+    var read = 0;
+    try {
+      read = fs.readSync(process.stdin.fd, buf, totalRead, bytes - totalRead);
+    } catch (e) {
+      if (e.code == 'EOF') {
+        return onEof(totalRead)
+      } else if (e.code == 'EAGAIN') {
+      } else {
+        throw "conformance_nodejs: Error reading from stdin." + e;
+      }
+    }
+
+    totalRead += read;
+  }
+
+  return buf;
+}
+
+function writeBuffer(buffer) {
+  var totalWritten = 0;
+  while (totalWritten < buffer.length) {
+    totalWritten += fs.writeSync(
+        process.stdout.fd, buffer, totalWritten, buffer.length - totalWritten);
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns true if the test ran successfully, false on legitimate EOF.
+// If EOF is encountered in an unexpected place, raises IOError.
+function doTestIo() {
+  var lengthBuf = readBuffer(4);
+  if (!lengthBuf) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  var length = lengthBuf.readInt32LE(0);
+  var serializedRequest = readBuffer(length);
+  if (!serializedRequest) {
+    throw "conformance_nodejs: Failed to read request.";
+  }
+
+  serializedRequest = new Uint8Array(serializedRequest);
+  var request =
+      conformance.ConformanceRequest.deserializeBinary(serializedRequest);
+  var response = doTest(request);
+
+  var serializedResponse = response.serializeBinary();
+
+  lengthBuf = new Buffer(4);
+  lengthBuf.writeInt32LE(serializedResponse.length, 0);
+  writeBuffer(lengthBuf);
+  writeBuffer(new Buffer(serializedResponse));
+
+  testCount += 1
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+while (true) {
+  if (!doTestIo()) {
+    console.error('conformance_nodejs: received EOF from test runner ' +
+                  "after " + testCount + " tests, exiting")
+    break;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_objc.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_objc.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab751c81d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_objc.m
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import "Conformance.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/TestMessagesProto2.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/TestMessagesProto3.pbobjc.h"
+
+static void Die(NSString *format, ...) __dead2;
+
+static BOOL verbose = NO;
+static int32_t testCount = 0;
+
+static void Die(NSString *format, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, format);
+  NSString *msg = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:format arguments:args];
+  NSLog(@"%@", msg);
+  va_end(args);
+  [msg release];
+  exit(66);
+}
+
+static NSData *CheckedReadDataOfLength(NSFileHandle *handle, NSUInteger numBytes) {
+  NSData *data = [handle readDataOfLength:numBytes];
+  NSUInteger dataLen = data.length;
+  if (dataLen == 0) {
+    return nil;  // EOF.
+  }
+  if (dataLen != numBytes) {
+    Die(@"Failed to read the request length (%d), only got: %@",
+        numBytes, data);
+  }
+  return data;
+}
+
+static ConformanceResponse *DoTest(ConformanceRequest *request) {
+  ConformanceResponse *response = [ConformanceResponse message];
+  GPBMessage *testMessage = nil;
+
+  switch (request.payloadOneOfCase) {
+    case ConformanceRequest_Payload_OneOfCase_GPBUnsetOneOfCase:
+      response.runtimeError =
+          [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Request didn't have a payload: %@", request];
+      break;
+
+    case ConformanceRequest_Payload_OneOfCase_ProtobufPayload: {
+      Class msgClass = nil;
+      if ([request.messageType isEqual:@"protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3"]) {
+        msgClass = [Proto3TestAllTypesProto3 class];
+      } else if ([request.messageType isEqual:@"protobuf_test_messages.proto2.TestAllTypesProto2"]) {
+        msgClass = [TestAllTypesProto2 class];
+      } else {
+        response.runtimeError =
+            [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Protobuf request had an unknown message_type: %@",
+                                       request.messageType];
+        break;
+      }
+      NSError *error = nil;
+      testMessage = [msgClass parseFromData:request.protobufPayload error:&error];
+      if (!testMessage) {
+        response.parseError =
+            [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Parse error: %@", error];
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case ConformanceRequest_Payload_OneOfCase_JsonPayload:
+      response.skipped = @"ObjC doesn't support parsing JSON";
+      break;
+
+    case ConformanceRequest_Payload_OneOfCase_JspbPayload:
+      response.skipped =
+          @"ConformanceRequest had a jspb_payload ConformanceRequest.payload;"
+          " those aren't supposed to happen with opensource.";
+      break;
+
+    case ConformanceRequest_Payload_OneOfCase_TextPayload:
+      response.skipped = @"ObjC doesn't support parsing TextFormat";
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (testMessage) {
+    switch (request.requestedOutputFormat) {
+      case WireFormat_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue:
+      case WireFormat_Unspecified:
+        response.runtimeError =
+            [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Unrecognized/unspecified output format: %@", request];
+        break;
+
+      case WireFormat_Protobuf:
+        response.protobufPayload = testMessage.data;
+        if (!response.protobufPayload) {
+          response.serializeError =
+            [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Failed to make data from: %@", testMessage];
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case WireFormat_Json:
+        response.skipped = @"ObjC doesn't support generating JSON";
+        break;
+
+      case WireFormat_Jspb:
+        response.skipped =
+            @"ConformanceRequest had a requested_output_format of JSPB WireFormat; that"
+            " isn't supposed to happen with opensource.";
+        break;
+
+      case WireFormat_TextFormat:
+        // ObjC only has partial objc generation, so don't attempt any tests that need
+        // support.
+        response.skipped = @"ObjC doesn't support generating TextFormat";
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return response;
+}
+
+static uint32_t UInt32FromLittleEndianData(NSData *data) {
+  if (data.length != sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+    Die(@"Data not the right size for uint32_t: %@", data);
+  }
+  uint32_t value;
+  memcpy(&value, data.bytes, sizeof(uint32_t));
+  return CFSwapInt32LittleToHost(value);
+}
+
+static NSData *UInt32ToLittleEndianData(uint32_t num) {
+  uint32_t value = CFSwapInt32HostToLittle(num);
+  return [NSData dataWithBytes:&value length:sizeof(uint32_t)];
+}
+
+static BOOL DoTestIo(NSFileHandle *input, NSFileHandle *output) {
+  // See conformance_test_runner.cc for the wire format.
+  NSData *data = CheckedReadDataOfLength(input, sizeof(uint32_t));
+  if (!data) {
+    // EOF.
+    return NO;
+  }
+  uint32_t numBytes = UInt32FromLittleEndianData(data);
+  data = CheckedReadDataOfLength(input, numBytes);
+  if (!data) {
+    Die(@"Failed to read request");
+  }
+
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  ConformanceRequest *request = [ConformanceRequest parseFromData:data
+                                                            error:&error];
+  if (!request) {
+    Die(@"Failed to parse the message data: %@", error);
+  }
+
+  ConformanceResponse *response = DoTest(request);
+  if (!response) {
+    Die(@"Failed to make a reply from %@", request);
+  }
+
+  data = response.data;
+  [output writeData:UInt32ToLittleEndianData((int32_t)data.length)];
+  [output writeData:data];
+
+  if (verbose) {
+    NSLog(@"Request: %@", request);
+    NSLog(@"Response: %@", response);
+  }
+
+  ++testCount;
+  return YES;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
+  @autoreleasepool {
+    NSFileHandle *input = [[NSFileHandle fileHandleWithStandardInput] retain];
+    NSFileHandle *output = [[NSFileHandle fileHandleWithStandardOutput] retain];
+
+    BOOL notDone = YES;
+    while (notDone) {
+      @autoreleasepool {
+        notDone = DoTestIo(input, output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    NSLog(@"Received EOF from test runner after %d tests, exiting.", testCount);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_php.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_php.php
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9eef0c5a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_php.php
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once("Conformance/WireFormat.php");
+require_once("Conformance/ConformanceResponse.php");
+require_once("Conformance/ConformanceRequest.php");
+require_once("Conformance/FailureSet.php");
+require_once("Conformance/JspbEncodingConfig.php");
+require_once("Conformance/TestCategory.php");
+require_once("Protobuf_test_messages/Proto3/ForeignMessage.php");
+require_once("Protobuf_test_messages/Proto3/ForeignEnum.php");
+require_once("Protobuf_test_messages/Proto3/TestAllTypesProto3.php");
+require_once("Protobuf_test_messages/Proto3/TestAllTypesProto3/AliasedEnum.php");
+require_once("Protobuf_test_messages/Proto3/TestAllTypesProto3/NestedMessage.php");
+require_once("Protobuf_test_messages/Proto3/TestAllTypesProto3/NestedEnum.php");
+
+require_once("GPBMetadata/Conformance.php");
+require_once("GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/TestMessagesProto3.php");
+
+use  \Conformance\TestCategory;
+use  \Conformance\WireFormat;
+
+if (!ini_get("date.timezone")) {
+  ini_set("date.timezone", "UTC");
+}
+
+$test_count = 0;
+
+function doTest($request)
+{
+    $test_message = new \Protobuf_test_messages\Proto3\TestAllTypesProto3();
+    $response = new \Conformance\ConformanceResponse();
+    if ($request->getPayload() == "protobuf_payload") {
+      if ($request->getMessageType() == "conformance.FailureSet") {
+        $response->setProtobufPayload("");
+        return $response;
+      } elseif ($request->getMessageType() == "protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3") {
+        try {
+          $test_message->mergeFromString($request->getProtobufPayload());
+        } catch (Exception $e) {
+          $response->setParseError($e->getMessage());
+          return $response;
+        }
+      } elseif ($request->getMessageType() == "protobuf_test_messages.proto2.TestAllTypesProto2") {
+        $response->setSkipped("PHP doesn't support proto2");
+        return $response;
+      } else {
+        trigger_error("Protobuf request doesn't have specific payload type", E_USER_ERROR);
+      }
+    } elseif ($request->getPayload() == "json_payload") {
+      $ignore_json_unknown =
+          ($request->getTestCategory() ==
+              TestCategory::JSON_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_PARSING_TEST);
+      try {
+          $test_message->mergeFromJsonString($request->getJsonPayload(),
+                                             $ignore_json_unknown);
+      } catch (Exception $e) {
+          $response->setParseError($e->getMessage());
+          return $response;
+      }
+	} elseif ($request->getPayload() == "text_payload") {
+		$response->setSkipped("PHP doesn't support text format yet");
+        return $response;
+	} else {
+      trigger_error("Request didn't have payload.", E_USER_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    if ($request->getRequestedOutputFormat() == WireFormat::UNSPECIFIED) {
+      trigger_error("Unspecified output format.", E_USER_ERROR);
+    } elseif ($request->getRequestedOutputFormat() == WireFormat::PROTOBUF) {
+      $response->setProtobufPayload($test_message->serializeToString());
+    } elseif ($request->getRequestedOutputFormat() == WireFormat::JSON) {
+      try {
+          $response->setJsonPayload($test_message->serializeToJsonString());
+      } catch (Exception $e) {
+          $response->setSerializeError($e->getMessage());
+          return $response;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return $response;
+}
+
+function doTestIO()
+{
+    $length_bytes = fread(STDIN, 4);
+    if (strlen($length_bytes) == 0) {
+      return false;   # EOF
+    } elseif (strlen($length_bytes) != 4) {
+      fwrite(STDERR, "I/O error\n");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    $length = unpack("V", $length_bytes)[1];
+    $serialized_request = fread(STDIN, $length);
+    if (strlen($serialized_request) != $length) {
+      trigger_error("I/O error", E_USER_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    $request = new \Conformance\ConformanceRequest();
+    $request->mergeFromString($serialized_request);
+
+    $response = doTest($request);
+
+    $serialized_response = $response->serializeToString();
+    fwrite(STDOUT, pack("V", strlen($serialized_response)));
+    fwrite(STDOUT, $serialized_response);
+
+    $GLOBALS['test_count'] += 1;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+while(true){
+  if (!doTestIO()) {
+      fprintf(STDERR,
+             "conformance_php: received EOF from test runner " +
+             "after %d tests, exiting\n", $test_count);
+      exit;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_python.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_python.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..37ee36e24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_python.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""A conformance test implementation for the Python protobuf library.
+
+See conformance.proto for more information.
+"""
+
+import struct
+import sys
+import os
+from google.protobuf import json_format
+from google.protobuf import message
+from google.protobuf import test_messages_proto3_pb2
+from google.protobuf import test_messages_proto2_pb2
+from google.protobuf import text_format
+import conformance_pb2
+
+sys.stdout = os.fdopen(sys.stdout.fileno(), 'wb', 0)
+sys.stdin = os.fdopen(sys.stdin.fileno(), 'rb', 0)
+
+test_count = 0
+verbose = False
+
+class ProtocolError(Exception):
+  pass
+
+def do_test(request):
+  response = conformance_pb2.ConformanceResponse()
+
+  if request.message_type == "conformance.FailureSet":
+    failure_set = conformance_pb2.FailureSet()
+    failures = []
+    # TODO(gerbens): Remove, this is a hack to detect if the old vs new
+    # parser is used by the cpp code. Relying on a bug in the old parser.
+    hack_proto = test_messages_proto2_pb2.TestAllTypesProto2()
+    old_parser = True
+    try:
+      hack_proto.ParseFromString(b"\322\002\001")
+    except message.DecodeError as e:
+      old_parser = False
+    if old_parser:
+      # the string above is one of the failing conformance test strings of the
+      # old parser. If we succeed the c++ implementation is using the old
+      # parser so we add the list of failing conformance tests.
+      failures = [
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownNonRepeatedValue.MESSAGE",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownRepeatedValue.MESSAGE",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.BOOL",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.DOUBLE",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.ENUM",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.FIXED32",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.FIXED64",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.FLOAT",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.INT32",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.INT64",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SFIXED32",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SFIXED64",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SINT32",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SINT64",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.UINT32",
+          "Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.UINT64",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownNonRepeatedValue.MESSAGE",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownRepeatedValue.MESSAGE",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.BOOL",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.DOUBLE",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.ENUM",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.FIXED32",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.FIXED64",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.FLOAT",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.INT32",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.INT64",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SFIXED32",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SFIXED64",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SINT32",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SINT64",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.UINT32",
+          "Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.UINT64",
+      ]
+    for x in failures:
+      failure_set.failure.append(x)
+    response.protobuf_payload = failure_set.SerializeToString()
+    return response
+
+  isProto3 = (request.message_type == "protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3")
+  isJson = (request.WhichOneof('payload') == 'json_payload')
+  isProto2 = (request.message_type == "protobuf_test_messages.proto2.TestAllTypesProto2")
+
+  if (not isProto3) and (not isJson) and (not isProto2):
+    raise ProtocolError("Protobuf request doesn't have specific payload type")
+
+  test_message = test_messages_proto2_pb2.TestAllTypesProto2() if isProto2 else \
+    test_messages_proto3_pb2.TestAllTypesProto3()
+
+  try:
+    if request.WhichOneof('payload') == 'protobuf_payload':
+      try:
+        test_message.ParseFromString(request.protobuf_payload)
+      except message.DecodeError as e:
+        response.parse_error = str(e)
+        return response
+
+    elif request.WhichOneof('payload') == 'json_payload':
+      try:
+        ignore_unknown_fields = \
+            request.test_category == \
+                conformance_pb2.JSON_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_PARSING_TEST
+        json_format.Parse(request.json_payload, test_message,
+                          ignore_unknown_fields)
+      except Exception as e:
+        response.parse_error = str(e)
+        return response
+
+    elif request.WhichOneof('payload') == 'text_payload':
+      try:
+        text_format.Parse(request.text_payload, test_message)
+      except Exception as e:
+        response.parse_error = str(e)
+        return response
+
+    else:
+      raise ProtocolError("Request didn't have payload.")
+
+    if request.requested_output_format == conformance_pb2.UNSPECIFIED:
+      raise ProtocolError("Unspecified output format")
+
+    elif request.requested_output_format == conformance_pb2.PROTOBUF:
+      response.protobuf_payload = test_message.SerializeToString()
+
+    elif request.requested_output_format == conformance_pb2.JSON:
+      try:
+        response.json_payload = json_format.MessageToJson(test_message)
+      except Exception as e:
+        response.serialize_error = str(e)
+        return response
+
+    elif request.requested_output_format == conformance_pb2.TEXT_FORMAT:
+      response.text_payload = text_format.MessageToString(
+          test_message, print_unknown_fields=request.print_unknown_fields)
+
+  except Exception as e:
+    response.runtime_error = str(e)
+
+  return response
+
+def do_test_io():
+  length_bytes = sys.stdin.read(4)
+  if len(length_bytes) == 0:
+    return False   # EOF
+  elif len(length_bytes) != 4:
+    raise IOError("I/O error")
+
+  # "I" is "unsigned int", so this depends on running on a platform with
+  # 32-bit "unsigned int" type.  The Python struct module unfortunately
+  # has no format specifier for uint32_t.
+  length = struct.unpack("<I", length_bytes)[0]
+  serialized_request = sys.stdin.read(length)
+  if len(serialized_request) != length:
+    raise IOError("I/O error")
+
+  request = conformance_pb2.ConformanceRequest()
+  request.ParseFromString(serialized_request)
+
+  response = do_test(request)
+
+  serialized_response = response.SerializeToString()
+  sys.stdout.write(struct.pack("<I", len(serialized_response)))
+  sys.stdout.write(serialized_response)
+  sys.stdout.flush()
+
+  if verbose:
+    sys.stderr.write("conformance_python: request=%s, response=%s\n" % (
+                       request.ShortDebugString().c_str(),
+                       response.ShortDebugString().c_str()))
+
+  global test_count
+  test_count += 1
+
+  return True
+
+while True:
+  if not do_test_io():
+    sys.stderr.write("conformance_python: received EOF from test runner " +
+                     "after %s tests, exiting\n" % (test_count))
+    sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_ruby.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_ruby.rb
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..79d8d3dd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_ruby.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+require 'conformance_pb'
+require 'google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3_pb'
+
+$test_count = 0
+$verbose = false
+
+def do_test(request)
+  test_message = ProtobufTestMessages::Proto3::TestAllTypesProto3.new
+  response = Conformance::ConformanceResponse.new
+
+  begin
+    case request.payload
+    when :protobuf_payload
+      if request.message_type.eql?('protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3')
+        begin
+          test_message = ProtobufTestMessages::Proto3::TestAllTypesProto3.decode(
+              request.protobuf_payload)
+        rescue Google::Protobuf::ParseError => err
+          response.parse_error = err.message.encode('utf-8')
+          return response
+        end
+      elsif request.message_type.eql?('protobuf_test_messages.proto2.TestAllTypesProto2')
+        response.skipped = "Ruby doesn't support proto2"
+        return response
+      else
+        fail "Protobuf request doesn't have specific payload type"
+      end
+
+    when :json_payload
+      begin
+        test_message = ProtobufTestMessages::Proto3::TestAllTypesProto3.decode_json(
+            request.json_payload)
+      rescue Google::Protobuf::ParseError => err
+        response.parse_error = err.message.encode('utf-8')
+        return response
+      end
+	
+	when :text_payload
+	  begin
+		response.skipped = "Ruby doesn't support proto2"
+        return response   
+	  end
+
+    when nil
+      fail "Request didn't have payload"
+    end
+
+    case request.requested_output_format
+    when :UNSPECIFIED
+      fail 'Unspecified output format'
+
+    when :PROTOBUF
+      response.protobuf_payload = test_message.to_proto
+
+    when :JSON
+      response.json_payload = test_message.to_json
+
+    when nil
+      fail "Request didn't have requested output format"
+    end
+  rescue StandardError => err
+    response.runtime_error = err.message.encode('utf-8')
+  end
+
+  response
+end
+
+# Returns true if the test ran successfully, false on legitimate EOF.
+# If EOF is encountered in an unexpected place, raises IOError.
+def do_test_io
+  length_bytes = STDIN.read(4)
+  return false if length_bytes.nil?
+
+  length = length_bytes.unpack('V').first
+  serialized_request = STDIN.read(length)
+  if serialized_request.nil? || serialized_request.length != length
+    fail IOError
+  end
+
+  request = Conformance::ConformanceRequest.decode(serialized_request)
+
+  response = do_test(request)
+
+  serialized_response = Conformance::ConformanceResponse.encode(response)
+  STDOUT.write([serialized_response.length].pack('V'))
+  STDOUT.write(serialized_response)
+  STDOUT.flush
+
+  if $verbose
+    STDERR.puts("conformance_ruby: request=#{request.to_json}, " \
+                                 "response=#{response.to_json}\n")
+  end
+
+  $test_count += 1
+
+  true
+end
+
+loop do
+  unless do_test_io
+    STDERR.puts('conformance_ruby: received EOF from test runner ' \
+                "after #{$test_count} tests, exiting")
+    break
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07b415067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "conformance_test.h"
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/json_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h>
+#include "conformance.pb.h"
+
+using conformance::ConformanceRequest;
+using conformance::ConformanceResponse;
+using conformance::WireFormat;
+using google::protobuf::TextFormat;
+using google::protobuf::util::DefaultFieldComparator;
+using google::protobuf::util::MessageDifferencer;
+using std::string;
+
+namespace {
+
+static string ToOctString(const string& binary_string) {
+  string oct_string;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < binary_string.size(); i++) {
+    uint8_t c = binary_string.at(i);
+    uint8_t high = c / 64;
+    uint8_t mid = (c % 64) / 8;
+    uint8_t low = c % 8;
+    oct_string.push_back('\\');
+    oct_string.push_back('0' + high);
+    oct_string.push_back('0' + mid);
+    oct_string.push_back('0' + low);
+  }
+  return oct_string;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+ConformanceTestSuite::ConformanceRequestSetting::ConformanceRequestSetting(
+    ConformanceLevel level,
+    conformance::WireFormat input_format,
+    conformance::WireFormat output_format,
+    conformance::TestCategory test_category,
+    const Message& prototype_message,
+    const string& test_name, const string& input)
+    : level_(level),
+      input_format_(input_format),
+      output_format_(output_format),
+      prototype_message_(prototype_message),
+      prototype_message_for_compare_(prototype_message.New()),
+      test_name_(test_name) {
+  switch (input_format) {
+    case conformance::PROTOBUF: {
+      request_.set_protobuf_payload(input);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case conformance::JSON: {
+      request_.set_json_payload(input);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case conformance::JSPB: {
+      request_.set_jspb_payload(input);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case conformance::TEXT_FORMAT: {
+      request_.set_text_payload(input);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unspecified input format";
+  }
+
+  request_.set_test_category(test_category);
+
+  request_.set_message_type(prototype_message.GetDescriptor()->full_name());
+  request_.set_requested_output_format(output_format);
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<Message>
+ConformanceTestSuite::ConformanceRequestSetting::NewTestMessage() const {
+  return std::unique_ptr<Message>(prototype_message_for_compare_->New());
+}
+
+string ConformanceTestSuite::ConformanceRequestSetting::
+    GetTestName() const {
+  string rname =
+      prototype_message_.GetDescriptor()->file()->syntax() ==
+        FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3 ? "Proto3" : "Proto2";
+
+  return StrCat(ConformanceLevelToString(level_), ".", rname, ".",
+                      InputFormatString(input_format_), ".", test_name_, ".",
+                      OutputFormatString(output_format_));
+}
+
+string ConformanceTestSuite::ConformanceRequestSetting::
+    ConformanceLevelToString(
+        ConformanceLevel level) const {
+  switch (level) {
+    case REQUIRED: return "Required";
+    case RECOMMENDED: return "Recommended";
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown value: " << level;
+  return "";
+}
+
+string ConformanceTestSuite::ConformanceRequestSetting::
+    InputFormatString(conformance::WireFormat format) const {
+  switch (format) {
+    case conformance::PROTOBUF:
+      return "ProtobufInput";
+    case conformance::JSON:
+      return "JsonInput";
+    case conformance::TEXT_FORMAT:
+      return "TextFormatInput";
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unspecified output format";
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+string ConformanceTestSuite::ConformanceRequestSetting::
+    OutputFormatString(conformance::WireFormat format) const {
+  switch (format) {
+    case conformance::PROTOBUF:
+      return "ProtobufOutput";
+    case conformance::JSON:
+      return "JsonOutput";
+    case conformance::TEXT_FORMAT:
+      return "TextFormatOutput";
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unspecified output format";
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+void ConformanceTestSuite::ReportSuccess(const string& test_name) {
+  if (expected_to_fail_.erase(test_name) != 0) {
+    StringAppendF(&output_,
+                  "ERROR: test %s is in the failure list, but test succeeded.  "
+                  "Remove it from the failure list.\n",
+                  test_name.c_str());
+    unexpected_succeeding_tests_.insert(test_name);
+  }
+  successes_++;
+}
+
+void ConformanceTestSuite::ReportFailure(const string& test_name,
+                                         ConformanceLevel level,
+                                         const ConformanceRequest& request,
+                                         const ConformanceResponse& response,
+                                         const char* fmt, ...) {
+  if (expected_to_fail_.erase(test_name) == 1) {
+    expected_failures_++;
+    if (!verbose_)
+      return;
+  } else if (level == RECOMMENDED && !enforce_recommended_) {
+    StringAppendF(&output_, "WARNING, test=%s: ", test_name.c_str());
+  } else {
+    StringAppendF(&output_, "ERROR, test=%s: ", test_name.c_str());
+    unexpected_failing_tests_.insert(test_name);
+  }
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+  StringAppendV(&output_, fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  StringAppendF(&output_, " request=%s, response=%s\n",
+                request.ShortDebugString().c_str(),
+                response.ShortDebugString().c_str());
+}
+
+void ConformanceTestSuite::ReportSkip(const string& test_name,
+                                      const ConformanceRequest& request,
+                                      const ConformanceResponse& response) {
+  if (verbose_) {
+    StringAppendF(&output_, "SKIPPED, test=%s request=%s, response=%s\n",
+                  test_name.c_str(), request.ShortDebugString().c_str(),
+                  response.ShortDebugString().c_str());
+  }
+  skipped_.insert(test_name);
+}
+
+void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidInputTest(
+    const ConformanceRequestSetting& setting,
+    const string& equivalent_text_format) {
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> reference_message(setting.NewTestMessage());
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(TextFormat::ParseFromString(equivalent_text_format,
+                                    reference_message.get()))
+      << "Failed to parse data for test case: " << setting.GetTestName()
+      << ", data: " << equivalent_text_format;
+  const string equivalent_wire_format = reference_message->SerializeAsString();
+  RunValidBinaryInputTest(setting, equivalent_wire_format);
+}
+
+void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidBinaryInputTest(
+    const ConformanceRequestSetting& setting,
+    const string& equivalent_wire_format, bool require_same_wire_format) {
+  const ConformanceRequest& request = setting.GetRequest();
+  ConformanceResponse response;
+  RunTest(setting.GetTestName(), request, &response);
+  VerifyResponse(setting, equivalent_wire_format, response, true,
+                 require_same_wire_format);
+}
+
+void ConformanceTestSuite::VerifyResponse(
+    const ConformanceRequestSetting& setting,
+    const string& equivalent_wire_format, const ConformanceResponse& response,
+    bool need_report_success, bool require_same_wire_format) {
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> test_message(setting.NewTestMessage());
+  const ConformanceRequest& request = setting.GetRequest();
+  const string& test_name = setting.GetTestName();
+  ConformanceLevel level = setting.GetLevel();
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> reference_message = setting.NewTestMessage();
+
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(reference_message->ParseFromString(equivalent_wire_format))
+      << "Failed to parse wire data for test case: " << test_name;
+
+  switch (response.result_case()) {
+    case ConformanceResponse::RESULT_NOT_SET:
+      ReportFailure(test_name, level, request, response,
+                    "Response didn't have any field in the Response.");
+      return;
+
+    case ConformanceResponse::kParseError:
+    case ConformanceResponse::kRuntimeError:
+    case ConformanceResponse::kSerializeError:
+      ReportFailure(test_name, level, request, response,
+                    "Failed to parse input or produce output.");
+      return;
+
+    case ConformanceResponse::kSkipped:
+      ReportSkip(test_name, request, response);
+      return;
+
+    default:
+      if (!ParseResponse(response, setting, test_message.get())) return;
+  }
+
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  DefaultFieldComparator field_comparator;
+  field_comparator.set_treat_nan_as_equal(true);
+  differencer.set_field_comparator(&field_comparator);
+  string differences;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&differences);
+
+  bool check = false;
+
+  if (require_same_wire_format) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(response.result_case(), ConformanceResponse::kProtobufPayload);
+    const string& protobuf_payload = response.protobuf_payload();
+    check = equivalent_wire_format == protobuf_payload;
+    differences = StrCat("Expect: ", ToOctString(equivalent_wire_format),
+                               ", but got: ", ToOctString(protobuf_payload));
+  } else {
+    check = differencer.Compare(*reference_message, *test_message);
+  }
+
+  if (check) {
+    if (need_report_success) {
+      ReportSuccess(test_name);
+    }
+  } else {
+    ReportFailure(test_name, level, request, response,
+                  "Output was not equivalent to reference message: %s.",
+                  differences.c_str());
+  }
+}
+
+void ConformanceTestSuite::RunTest(const string& test_name,
+                                   const ConformanceRequest& request,
+                                   ConformanceResponse* response) {
+  if (test_names_.insert(test_name).second == false) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Duplicated test name: " << test_name;
+  }
+
+  string serialized_request;
+  string serialized_response;
+  request.SerializeToString(&serialized_request);
+
+  runner_->RunTest(test_name, serialized_request, &serialized_response);
+
+  if (!response->ParseFromString(serialized_response)) {
+    response->Clear();
+    response->set_runtime_error("response proto could not be parsed.");
+  }
+
+  if (verbose_) {
+    StringAppendF(&output_,
+                  "conformance test: name=%s, request=%s, response=%s\n",
+                  test_name.c_str(),
+                  request.ShortDebugString().c_str(),
+                  response->ShortDebugString().c_str());
+  }
+}
+
+bool ConformanceTestSuite::CheckSetEmpty(
+    const std::set<string>& set_to_check,
+    const std::string& write_to_file,
+    const std::string& msg) {
+  if (set_to_check.empty()) {
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    StringAppendF(&output_, "\n");
+    StringAppendF(&output_, "%s\n\n", msg.c_str());
+    for (std::set<string>::const_iterator iter = set_to_check.begin();
+         iter != set_to_check.end(); ++iter) {
+      StringAppendF(&output_, "  %s\n", iter->c_str());
+    }
+    StringAppendF(&output_, "\n");
+
+    if (!write_to_file.empty()) {
+      std::ofstream os(write_to_file);
+      if (os) {
+        for (std::set<string>::const_iterator iter = set_to_check.begin();
+             iter != set_to_check.end(); ++iter) {
+          os << *iter << "\n";
+        }
+      } else {
+        StringAppendF(&output_, "Failed to open file: %s\n",
+                      write_to_file.c_str());
+      }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+string ConformanceTestSuite::WireFormatToString(
+    WireFormat wire_format) {
+  switch (wire_format) {
+    case conformance::PROTOBUF:
+      return "PROTOBUF";
+    case conformance::JSON:
+      return "JSON";
+    case conformance::JSPB:
+      return "JSPB";
+    case conformance::TEXT_FORMAT:
+      return "TEXT_FORMAT";
+    case conformance::UNSPECIFIED:
+      return "UNSPECIFIED";
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "unknown wire type: " << wire_format;
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+void ConformanceTestSuite::AddExpectedFailedTest(const std::string& test_name) {
+  expected_to_fail_.insert(test_name);
+}
+
+bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
+                                    std::string* output, const string& filename,
+                                    conformance::FailureSet* failure_list) {
+  runner_ = runner;
+  successes_ = 0;
+  expected_failures_ = 0;
+  skipped_.clear();
+  test_names_.clear();
+  unexpected_failing_tests_.clear();
+  unexpected_succeeding_tests_.clear();
+
+  output_ = "\nCONFORMANCE TEST BEGIN ====================================\n\n";
+
+  failure_list_filename_ = filename;
+  expected_to_fail_.clear();
+  for (const string& failure : failure_list->failure()) {
+    AddExpectedFailedTest(failure);
+  }
+  RunSuiteImpl();
+
+  bool ok = true;
+  if (!CheckSetEmpty(expected_to_fail_, "nonexistent_tests.txt",
+                     "These tests were listed in the failure list, but they "
+                     "don't exist.  Remove them from the failure list by "
+                     "running:\n"
+                     "  ./update_failure_list.py " + failure_list_filename_ +
+                     " --remove nonexistent_tests.txt")) {
+    ok = false;
+  }
+  if (!CheckSetEmpty(unexpected_failing_tests_, "failing_tests.txt",
+                     "These tests failed.  If they can't be fixed right now, "
+                     "you can add them to the failure list so the overall "
+                     "suite can succeed.  Add them to the failure list by "
+                     "running:\n"
+                     "  ./update_failure_list.py " + failure_list_filename_ +
+                     " --add failing_tests.txt")) {
+    ok = false;
+  }
+  if (!CheckSetEmpty(unexpected_succeeding_tests_, "succeeding_tests.txt",
+                     "These tests succeeded, even though they were listed in "
+                     "the failure list.  Remove them from the failure list "
+                     "by running:\n"
+                     "  ./update_failure_list.py " + failure_list_filename_ +
+                     " --remove succeeding_tests.txt")) {
+    ok = false;
+  }
+
+  if (verbose_) {
+    CheckSetEmpty(skipped_, "",
+                  "These tests were skipped (probably because support for some "
+                  "features is not implemented)");
+  }
+
+  StringAppendF(&output_,
+                "CONFORMANCE SUITE %s: %d successes, %zu skipped, "
+                "%d expected failures, %zu unexpected failures.\n",
+                ok ? "PASSED" : "FAILED", successes_, skipped_.size(),
+                expected_failures_, unexpected_failing_tests_.size());
+  StringAppendF(&output_, "\n");
+
+  output->assign(output_);
+
+  return ok;
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_test.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_test.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f4ce3789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_test.h
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This file defines a protocol for running the conformance test suite
+// in-process.  In other words, the suite itself will run in the same process as
+// the code under test.
+//
+// For pros and cons of this approach, please see conformance.proto.
+
+#ifndef CONFORMANCE_CONFORMANCE_TEST_H
+#define CONFORMANCE_CONFORMANCE_TEST_H
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include "conformance.pb.h"
+
+namespace conformance {
+class ConformanceRequest;
+class ConformanceResponse;
+}  // namespace conformance
+
+namespace protobuf_test_messages {
+namespace proto3 {
+class TestAllTypesProto3;
+}  // namespace proto3
+}  // namespace protobuf_test_messages
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class ConformanceTestSuite;
+
+class ConformanceTestRunner {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ConformanceTestRunner() {}
+
+  // Call to run a single conformance test.
+  //
+  // "input" is a serialized conformance.ConformanceRequest.
+  // "output" should be set to a serialized conformance.ConformanceResponse.
+  //
+  // If there is any error in running the test itself, set "runtime_error" in
+  // the response.
+  virtual void RunTest(const std::string& test_name,
+                       const std::string& input,
+                       std::string* output) = 0;
+};
+
+// Test runner that spawns the process being tested and communicates with it
+// over a pipe.
+class ForkPipeRunner : public ConformanceTestRunner {
+ public:
+  // Note: Run() doesn't take ownership of the pointers inside suites.
+  static int Run(int argc, char *argv[],
+                 const std::vector<ConformanceTestSuite*>& suites);
+
+  ForkPipeRunner(const std::string& executable,
+                 const std::vector<string>& executable_args)
+      : child_pid_(-1),
+        executable_(executable),
+        executable_args_(executable_args) {}
+
+  explicit ForkPipeRunner(const std::string& executable)
+      : child_pid_(-1), executable_(executable) {}
+
+  virtual ~ForkPipeRunner() {}
+
+  void RunTest(const std::string& test_name,
+               const std::string& request,
+               std::string* response);
+
+ private:
+  void SpawnTestProgram();
+
+  void CheckedWrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len);
+  bool TryRead(int fd, void *buf, size_t len);
+  void CheckedRead(int fd, void *buf, size_t len);
+
+  int write_fd_;
+  int read_fd_;
+  pid_t child_pid_;
+  std::string executable_;
+  const std::vector<string> executable_args_;
+  std::string current_test_name_;
+};
+
+// Class representing the test suite itself.  To run it, implement your own
+// class derived from ConformanceTestRunner, class derived from
+// ConformanceTestSuite and then write code like:
+//
+//    class MyConformanceTestSuite : public ConformanceTestSuite {
+//     public:
+//      void RunSuiteImpl() {
+//        // INSERT ACTURAL TESTS.
+//      }
+//    };
+//
+//    class MyConformanceTestRunner : public ConformanceTestRunner {
+//     public:
+//      static int Run(int argc, char *argv[],
+//                 ConformanceTestSuite* suite);
+//
+//     private:
+//      virtual void RunTest(...) {
+//        // INSERT YOUR FRAMEWORK-SPECIFIC CODE HERE.
+//      }
+//    };
+//
+//    int main() {
+//      MyConformanceTestSuite suite;
+//      MyConformanceTestRunner::Run(argc, argv, &suite);
+//    }
+//
+class ConformanceTestSuite {
+ public:
+  ConformanceTestSuite()
+      : verbose_(false),
+        enforce_recommended_(false),
+        failure_list_flag_name_("--failure_list") {}
+  virtual ~ConformanceTestSuite() {}
+
+  void SetVerbose(bool verbose) { verbose_ = verbose; }
+
+  // Whether to require the testee to pass RECOMMENDED tests. By default failing
+  // a RECOMMENDED test case will not fail the entire suite but will only
+  // generated a warning. If this flag is set to true, RECOMMENDED tests will
+  // be treated the same way as REQUIRED tests and failing a RECOMMENDED test
+  // case will cause the entire test suite to fail as well. An implementation
+  // can enable this if it wants to be strictly conforming to protobuf spec.
+  // See the comments about ConformanceLevel below to learn more about the
+  // difference between REQUIRED and RECOMMENDED test cases.
+  void SetEnforceRecommended(bool value) {
+    enforce_recommended_ = value;
+  }
+
+  // Gets the flag name to the failure list file.
+  // By default, this would return --failure_list
+  string GetFailureListFlagName() {
+    return failure_list_flag_name_;
+  }
+
+  void SetFailureListFlagName(const std::string& failure_list_flag_name) {
+    failure_list_flag_name_ = failure_list_flag_name;
+  }
+
+  // Run all the conformance tests against the given test runner.
+  // Test output will be stored in "output".
+  //
+  // Returns true if the set of failing tests was exactly the same as the
+  // failure list.
+  // The filename here is *only* used to create/format useful error messages for
+  // how to update the failure list.  We do NOT read this file at all.
+  bool RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner, std::string* output,
+                const std::string& filename,
+                conformance::FailureSet* failure_list);
+
+ protected:
+  // Test cases are classified into a few categories:
+  //   REQUIRED: the test case must be passed for an implementation to be
+  //             interoperable with other implementations. For example, a
+  //             parser implementaiton must accept both packed and unpacked
+  //             form of repeated primitive fields.
+  //   RECOMMENDED: the test case is not required for the implementation to
+  //                be interoperable with other implementations, but is
+  //                recommended for best performance and compatibility. For
+  //                example, a proto3 serializer should serialize repeated
+  //                primitive fields in packed form, but an implementation
+  //                failing to do so will still be able to communicate with
+  //                other implementations.
+  enum ConformanceLevel {
+    REQUIRED = 0,
+    RECOMMENDED = 1,
+  };
+
+  class ConformanceRequestSetting {
+   public:
+    ConformanceRequestSetting(
+        ConformanceLevel level,
+        conformance::WireFormat input_format,
+        conformance::WireFormat output_format,
+        conformance::TestCategory test_category,
+        const Message& prototype_message,
+        const string& test_name, const string& input);
+    virtual ~ConformanceRequestSetting() {}
+
+    std::unique_ptr<Message> NewTestMessage() const;
+
+    string GetTestName() const;
+
+    const conformance::ConformanceRequest& GetRequest() const {
+      return request_;
+    }
+
+    const ConformanceLevel GetLevel() const {
+      return level_;
+    }
+
+    string ConformanceLevelToString(ConformanceLevel level) const;
+
+    void SetPrintUnknownFields(bool print_unknown_fields) {
+      request_.set_print_unknown_fields(true);
+    }
+
+    void SetPrototypeMessageForCompare(const Message& message) {
+      prototype_message_for_compare_.reset(message.New());
+    }
+
+   protected:
+    virtual string InputFormatString(conformance::WireFormat format) const;
+    virtual string OutputFormatString(conformance::WireFormat format) const;
+    conformance::ConformanceRequest request_;
+
+   private:
+    ConformanceLevel level_;
+    ::conformance::WireFormat input_format_;
+    ::conformance::WireFormat output_format_;
+    const Message& prototype_message_;
+    std::unique_ptr<Message> prototype_message_for_compare_;
+    string test_name_;
+  };
+
+  bool CheckSetEmpty(const std::set<string>& set_to_check,
+                     const std::string& write_to_file, const std::string& msg);
+  string WireFormatToString(conformance::WireFormat wire_format);
+
+  // Parse payload in the response to the given message. Returns true on
+  // success.
+  virtual bool ParseResponse(
+      const conformance::ConformanceResponse& response,
+      const ConformanceRequestSetting& setting,
+      Message* test_message) = 0;
+
+  void VerifyResponse(const ConformanceRequestSetting& setting,
+                      const string& equivalent_wire_format,
+                      const conformance::ConformanceResponse& response,
+                      bool need_report_success, bool require_same_wire_format);
+
+  void ReportSuccess(const std::string& test_name);
+  void ReportFailure(const string& test_name,
+                     ConformanceLevel level,
+                     const conformance::ConformanceRequest& request,
+                     const conformance::ConformanceResponse& response,
+                     const char* fmt, ...);
+  void ReportSkip(const string& test_name,
+                  const conformance::ConformanceRequest& request,
+                  const conformance::ConformanceResponse& response);
+
+  void RunValidInputTest(const ConformanceRequestSetting& setting,
+                         const string& equivalent_text_format);
+  void RunValidBinaryInputTest(const ConformanceRequestSetting& setting,
+                               const string& equivalent_wire_format,
+                               bool require_same_wire_format = false);
+
+  void RunTest(const std::string& test_name,
+               const conformance::ConformanceRequest& request,
+               conformance::ConformanceResponse* response);
+
+  void AddExpectedFailedTest(const std::string& test_name);
+
+  virtual void RunSuiteImpl() = 0;
+
+  ConformanceTestRunner* runner_;
+  int successes_;
+  int expected_failures_;
+  bool verbose_;
+  bool enforce_recommended_;
+  std::string output_;
+  std::string failure_list_flag_name_;
+  std::string failure_list_filename_;
+
+  // The set of test names that are expected to fail in this run, but haven't
+  // failed yet.
+  std::set<std::string> expected_to_fail_;
+
+  // The set of test names that have been run.  Used to ensure that there are no
+  // duplicate names in the suite.
+  std::set<std::string> test_names_;
+
+  // The set of tests that failed, but weren't expected to.
+  std::set<std::string> unexpected_failing_tests_;
+
+  // The set of tests that succeeded, but weren't expected to.
+  std::set<std::string> unexpected_succeeding_tests_;
+
+  // The set of tests that the testee opted out of;
+  std::set<std::string> skipped_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // CONFORMANCE_CONFORMANCE_TEST_H
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_test_main.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_test_main.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7ac9fc55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_test_main.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "binary_json_conformance_suite.h"
+#include "conformance_test.h"
+#include "text_format_conformance_suite.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  google::protobuf::BinaryAndJsonConformanceSuite binary_and_json_suite;
+  google::protobuf::TextFormatConformanceTestSuite text_format_suite;
+  return google::protobuf::ForkPipeRunner::Run(
+      argc, argv, {&binary_and_json_suite, &text_format_suite});
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_test_runner.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_test_runner.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f893cb8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/conformance_test_runner.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file contains a program for running the test suite in a separate
+// process.  The other alternative is to run the suite in-process.  See
+// conformance.proto for pros/cons of these two options.
+//
+// This program will fork the process under test and communicate with it over
+// its stdin/stdout:
+//
+//     +--------+   pipe   +----------+
+//     | tester | <------> | testee   |
+//     |        |          |          |
+//     |  C++   |          | any lang |
+//     +--------+          +----------+
+//
+// The tester contains all of the test cases and their expected output.
+// The testee is a simple program written in the target language that reads
+// each test case and attempts to produce acceptable output for it.
+//
+// Every test consists of a ConformanceRequest/ConformanceResponse
+// request/reply pair.  The protocol on the pipe is simply:
+//
+//   1. tester sends 4-byte length N (little endian)
+//   2. tester sends N bytes representing a ConformanceRequest proto
+//   3. testee sends 4-byte length M (little endian)
+//   4. testee sends M bytes representing a ConformanceResponse proto
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include "conformance.pb.h"
+#include "conformance_test.h"
+
+using conformance::ConformanceResponse;
+using google::protobuf::ConformanceTestSuite;
+using std::string;
+using std::vector;
+
+#define STRINGIFY(x) #x
+#define TOSTRING(x) STRINGIFY(x)
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_SYSCALL(call) \
+  if (call < 0) { \
+    perror(#call " " __FILE__ ":" TOSTRING(__LINE__)); \
+    exit(1); \
+  }
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+void ParseFailureList(const char *filename,
+                      conformance::FailureSet *failure_list) {
+  std::ifstream infile(filename);
+
+  if (!infile.is_open()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open failure list file: %s\n", filename);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  for (string line; getline(infile, line);) {
+    // Remove whitespace.
+    line.erase(std::remove_if(line.begin(), line.end(), ::isspace),
+               line.end());
+
+    // Remove comments.
+    line = line.substr(0, line.find("#"));
+
+    if (!line.empty()) {
+      failure_list->add_failure(line);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void UsageError() {
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "Usage: conformance-test-runner [options] <test-program>\n");
+  fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+  fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "  --failure_list <filename>   Use to specify list of tests\n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              that are expected to fail.  File\n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              should contain one test name per\n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              line.  Use '#' for comments.\n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "  --text_format_failure_list <filename>   Use to specify list \n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              of tests that are expected to \n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              fail in the \n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              text_format_conformance_suite.  \n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              File should contain one test name \n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              per line.  Use '#' for comments.\n");
+
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "  --enforce_recommended       Enforce that recommended test\n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              cases are also passing. Specify\n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              this flag if you want to be\n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              strictly conforming to protobuf\n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              spec.\n");
+  exit(1);
+}
+
+void ForkPipeRunner::RunTest(
+    const std::string& test_name,
+    const std::string& request,
+    std::string* response) {
+  if (child_pid_ < 0) {
+    SpawnTestProgram();
+  }
+
+  current_test_name_ = test_name;
+
+  uint32_t len = request.size();
+  CheckedWrite(write_fd_, &len, sizeof(uint32_t));
+  CheckedWrite(write_fd_, request.c_str(), request.size());
+
+  if (!TryRead(read_fd_, &len, sizeof(uint32_t))) {
+    // We failed to read from the child, assume a crash and try to reap.
+    GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "Trying to reap child, pid=" << child_pid_;
+
+    int status;
+    waitpid(child_pid_, &status, WEXITED);
+
+    string error_msg;
+    if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+      StringAppendF(&error_msg,
+                    "child exited, status=%d", WEXITSTATUS(status));
+    } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
+      StringAppendF(&error_msg,
+                    "child killed by signal %d", WTERMSIG(status));
+    }
+    GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << error_msg;
+    child_pid_ = -1;
+
+    conformance::ConformanceResponse response_obj;
+    response_obj.set_runtime_error(error_msg);
+    response_obj.SerializeToString(response);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  response->resize(len);
+  CheckedRead(read_fd_, (void*)response->c_str(), len);
+}
+
+int ForkPipeRunner::Run(
+    int argc, char *argv[], const std::vector<ConformanceTestSuite*>& suites) {
+  if (suites.empty()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "No test suites found.\n");
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+  bool all_ok = true;
+  for (ConformanceTestSuite* suite : suites) {
+    string program;
+    std::vector<string> program_args;
+    string failure_list_filename;
+    conformance::FailureSet failure_list;
+
+    for (int arg = 1; arg < argc; ++arg) {
+      if (strcmp(argv[arg], suite->GetFailureListFlagName().c_str()) == 0) {
+        if (++arg == argc) UsageError();
+        failure_list_filename = argv[arg];
+        ParseFailureList(argv[arg], &failure_list);
+      } else if (strcmp(argv[arg], "--verbose") == 0) {
+        suite->SetVerbose(true);
+      } else if (strcmp(argv[arg], "--enforce_recommended") == 0) {
+        suite->SetEnforceRecommended(true);
+      } else if (argv[arg][0] == '-') {
+        bool recognized_flag = false;
+        for (ConformanceTestSuite* suite : suites) {
+          if (strcmp(argv[arg], suite->GetFailureListFlagName().c_str()) == 0) {
+            if (++arg == argc) UsageError();
+            recognized_flag = true;
+          }
+        }
+        if (!recognized_flag) {
+          fprintf(stderr, "Unknown option: %s\n", argv[arg]);
+          UsageError();
+        }
+      } else {
+        program += argv[arg];
+        while (arg < argc) {
+          program_args.push_back(argv[arg]);
+          arg++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    ForkPipeRunner runner(program, program_args);
+
+    std::string output;
+    all_ok = all_ok &&
+        suite->RunSuite(&runner, &output, failure_list_filename, &failure_list);
+
+    fwrite(output.c_str(), 1, output.size(), stderr);
+  }
+  return all_ok ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
+
+// TODO(haberman): make this work on Windows, instead of using these
+// UNIX-specific APIs.
+//
+// There is a platform-agnostic API in
+//    src/google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.h
+//
+// However that API only supports sending a single message to the subprocess.
+// We really want to be able to send messages and receive responses one at a
+// time:
+//
+// 1. Spawning a new process for each test would take way too long for thousands
+//    of tests and subprocesses like java that can take 100ms or more to start
+//    up.
+//
+// 2. Sending all the tests in one big message and receiving all results in one
+//    big message would take away our visibility about which test(s) caused a
+//    crash or other fatal error.  It would also give us only a single failure
+//    instead of all of them.
+void ForkPipeRunner::SpawnTestProgram() {
+  int toproc_pipe_fd[2];
+  int fromproc_pipe_fd[2];
+  if (pipe(toproc_pipe_fd) < 0 || pipe(fromproc_pipe_fd) < 0) {
+    perror("pipe");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  pid_t pid = fork();
+  if (pid < 0) {
+    perror("fork");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if (pid) {
+    // Parent.
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_SYSCALL(close(toproc_pipe_fd[0]));
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_SYSCALL(close(fromproc_pipe_fd[1]));
+    write_fd_ = toproc_pipe_fd[1];
+    read_fd_ = fromproc_pipe_fd[0];
+    child_pid_ = pid;
+  } else {
+    // Child.
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_SYSCALL(close(STDIN_FILENO));
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_SYSCALL(close(STDOUT_FILENO));
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_SYSCALL(dup2(toproc_pipe_fd[0], STDIN_FILENO));
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_SYSCALL(dup2(fromproc_pipe_fd[1], STDOUT_FILENO));
+
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_SYSCALL(close(toproc_pipe_fd[0]));
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_SYSCALL(close(fromproc_pipe_fd[1]));
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_SYSCALL(close(toproc_pipe_fd[1]));
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_SYSCALL(close(fromproc_pipe_fd[0]));
+
+    std::unique_ptr<char[]> executable(new char[executable_.size() + 1]);
+    memcpy(executable.get(), executable_.c_str(), executable_.size());
+    executable[executable_.size()] = '\0';
+
+    std::vector<const char *> argv;
+    argv.push_back(executable.get());
+    for (int i = 0; i < executable_args_.size(); ++i) {
+      argv.push_back(executable_args_[i].c_str());
+    }
+    argv.push_back(nullptr);
+    // Never returns.
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_SYSCALL(execv(executable.get(), const_cast<char **>(argv.data())));
+  }
+}
+
+void ForkPipeRunner::CheckedWrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len) {
+  if (write(fd, buf, len) != len) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << current_test_name_
+               << ": error writing to test program: " << strerror(errno);
+  }
+}
+
+bool ForkPipeRunner::TryRead(int fd, void *buf, size_t len) {
+  size_t ofs = 0;
+  while (len > 0) {
+    ssize_t bytes_read = read(fd, (char*)buf + ofs, len);
+
+    if (bytes_read == 0) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << current_test_name_ << ": unexpected EOF from test program";
+      return false;
+    } else if (bytes_read < 0) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << current_test_name_
+                 << ": error reading from test program: " << strerror(errno);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    len -= bytes_read;
+    ofs += bytes_read;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ForkPipeRunner::CheckedRead(int fd, void *buf, size_t len) {
+  if (!TryRead(fd, buf, len)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << current_test_name_
+               << ": error reading from test program: " << strerror(errno);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_cpp.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_cpp.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c01e1e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_cpp.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# This is the list of conformance tests that are known to fail for the C++
+# implementation right now.  These should be fixed.
+#
+# By listing them here we can keep tabs on which ones are failing and be sure
+# that we don't introduce regressions in other tests.
+#
+# TODO(haberman): insert links to corresponding bugs tracking the issue.
+# Should we use GitHub issues or the Google-internal bug tracker?
+
+Recommended.FieldMaskNumbersDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
+Recommended.FieldMaskPathsDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
+Recommended.FieldMaskTooManyUnderscore.JsonOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BoolFieldDoubleQuotedFalse
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BoolFieldDoubleQuotedTrue
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BytesFieldBase64Url.JsonOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BytesFieldBase64Url.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FieldMaskInvalidCharacter
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FieldNameDuplicate
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FieldNameDuplicateDifferentCasing1
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FieldNameDuplicateDifferentCasing2
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FieldNameNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.MapFieldValueIsNull
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldMessageElementIsNull
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldPrimitiveElementIsNull
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldTrailingComma
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldTrailingCommaWithNewlines
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldTrailingCommaWithSpace
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldTrailingCommaWithSpaceCommaSpace
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteBoth
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteKey
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteValue
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldUppercaseEscapeLetter
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.TrailingCommaInAnObject
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.TrailingCommaInAnObjectWithNewlines
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.TrailingCommaInAnObjectWithSpace
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.TrailingCommaInAnObjectWithSpaceCommaSpace
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_csharp.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_csharp.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2adb30f57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_csharp.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.BOOL[4].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.BOOL[6].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.BOOL[4].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.BOOL[6].ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.RepeatedScalarSelectsLast.BOOL.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalar.BOOL[4].ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalar.BOOL[6].ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.RepeatedScalarSelectsLast.BOOL.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.RepeatedScalarSelectsLast.BOOL.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalar.BOOL[4].JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalar.BOOL[4].ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalar.BOOL[6].JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalar.BOOL[6].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BytesFieldBase64Url.JsonOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BytesFieldBase64Url.ProtobufOutput
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_java.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_java.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc1f9ba5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_java.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# This is the list of conformance tests that are known to fail for the Java
+# implementation right now.  These should be fixed.
+#
+# By listing them here we can keep tabs on which ones are failing and be sure
+# that we don't introduce regressions in other tests.
+
+Recommended.FieldMaskNumbersDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
+Recommended.FieldMaskPathsDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
+Recommended.FieldMaskTooManyUnderscore.JsonOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BoolFieldAllCapitalFalse
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BoolFieldAllCapitalTrue
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BoolFieldCamelCaseFalse
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BoolFieldCamelCaseTrue
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BoolFieldDoubleQuotedFalse
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BoolFieldDoubleQuotedTrue
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BoolMapFieldKeyNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldNanNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FieldMaskInvalidCharacter
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FieldNameDuplicate
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FieldNameNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldNanNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.Int32MapFieldKeyNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.Int64MapFieldKeyNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.JsonWithComments
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteBoth
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteKey
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteValue
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldSurrogateInWrongOrder
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldUnpairedHighSurrogate
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldUnpairedLowSurrogate
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.Uint32MapFieldKeyNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.Uint64MapFieldKeyNotQuoted
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.EnumFieldNotQuoted
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.Int32FieldLeadingZero
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.Int32FieldNegativeWithLeadingZero
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.Int32FieldPlusSign
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotBool
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotInt
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldNotAString
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownNonRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownNonRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_js.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_js.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef9131a78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_js.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT64.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT64.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT32.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT64.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT64.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT64.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT64.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT32.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT32.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT64.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT64.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.RepeatedScalarMessageMerge.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataMap.STRING.MESSAGE.MergeValue.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT64.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT32.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto2.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT64.PackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT64.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT32.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT64.UnpackedInput.ProtobufOutput
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_objc.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_objc.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e34501ead
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_objc.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# JSON input or output tests are skipped (in conformance_objc.m) as mobile
+# platforms don't support JSON wire format to avoid code bloat.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_php.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_php.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ee5b9aae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_php.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+Recommended.FieldMaskNumbersDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
+Recommended.FieldMaskPathsDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
+Recommended.FieldMaskTooManyUnderscore.JsonOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BytesFieldBase64Url.JsonOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BytesFieldBase64Url.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FieldMaskInvalidCharacter
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataOneofBinary.MESSAGE.Merge.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT64.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
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diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_php_c.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_php_c.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a6949fe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_php_c.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
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+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldPrimitiveElementIsNull
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+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldUnpairedLowSurrogate
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+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.TimestampHas6FractionalDigits.Validator
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+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
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+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
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+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.ENUM[3].ProtobufOutput
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+Required.DurationProtoInputTooLarge.JsonOutput
+Required.DurationProtoInputTooSmall.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldMaxNegativeValue.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldMaxNegativeValue.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldMinPositiveValue.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldMinPositiveValue.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldNan.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DurationMinValue.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DurationRepeatedValue.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldInfinity.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldNan.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldNegativeInfinity.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.OneofFieldDuplicate
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.RejectTopLevelNull
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldSurrogatePair.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldSurrogatePair.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.DoubleFieldNormalizeQuietNan.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.DoubleFieldNormalizeSignalingNan.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.FloatFieldNormalizeQuietNan.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.FloatFieldNormalizeSignalingNan.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataOneof.BYTES.DefaultValue.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BYTES.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BYTES.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.PackedInput.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.UnpackedInput.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.STRING.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.STRING.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalar.FLOAT[2].JsonOutput
+Required.TimestampProtoInputTooLarge.JsonOutput
+Required.TimestampProtoInputTooSmall.JsonOutput
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_php_c_32.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_php_c_32.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f516f13ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_php_c_32.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
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+Recommended.FieldMaskTooManyUnderscore.JsonOutput
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+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BytesFieldBase64Url.ProtobufOutput
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+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.DurationHas9FractionalDigits.Validator
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.DurationHasZeroFractionalDigit.Validator
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FieldMaskInvalidCharacter
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.MapFieldValueIsNull
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.OneofZeroBytes.JsonOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldMessageElementIsNull
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldPrimitiveElementIsNull
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringEndsWithEscapeChar
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldSurrogateInWrongOrder
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldUnpairedHighSurrogate
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldUnpairedLowSurrogate
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.TimestampHas3FractionalDigits.Validator
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.TimestampHas6FractionalDigits.Validator
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.TimestampHas9FractionalDigits.Validator
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.TimestampHasZeroFractionalDigit.Validator
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.TimestampZeroNormalized.Validator
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+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.TimestampWithNegativeOffset.JsonOutput
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+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.Uint64FieldMaxValueNotQuoted.JsonOutput
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+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.DoubleFieldNormalizeQuietNan.JsonOutput
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+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.FloatFieldNormalizeQuietNan.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.FloatFieldNormalizeSignalingNan.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataOneof.BYTES.DefaultValue.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BYTES.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BYTES.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.PackedInput.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.UnpackedInput.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.STRING.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.STRING.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalar.FLOAT[2].JsonOutput
+Required.TimestampProtoInputTooLarge.JsonOutput
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diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_python-post26.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_python-post26.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19d99b044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_python-post26.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+JsonInput.StringFieldSurrogateInWrongOrder
+JsonInput.StringFieldUnpairedHighSurrogate
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_python.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_python.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f55122790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_python.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
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+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BytesFieldBase64Url.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldInfinityNotQuoted
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+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldNanNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.BOOL[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.BYTES[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.DOUBLE[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.ENUM[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.FIXED32[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.FIXED64[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.FLOAT[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.INT32[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.INT32[6].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.INT64[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.SFIXED32[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.SFIXED64[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.SINT32[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.SINT64[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.STRING[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.UINT32[0].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.UINT32[5].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.UINT64[0].ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldTooSmall
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldTooLarge
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldTooSmall
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotBool
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.TimestampJsonInputLowercaseT
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_python_cpp.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_python_cpp.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59a969d2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_python_cpp.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# This is the list of conformance tests that are known to fail for the
+# Python/C++ implementation right now.  These should be fixed.
+#
+# By listing them here we can keep tabs on which ones are failing and be sure
+# that we don't introduce regressions in other tests.
+#
+# TODO(haberman): insert links to corresponding bugs tracking the issue.
+# Should we use GitHub issues or the Google-internal bug tracker?
+
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BytesFieldBase64Url.JsonOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BytesFieldBase64Url.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldNanNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldNanNotQuoted
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldTooSmall
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldTooLarge
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldTooSmall
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotBool
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.TimestampJsonInputLowercaseT
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_ruby.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_ruby.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9533ae8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/failure_list_ruby.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+Recommended.FieldMaskNumbersDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
+Recommended.FieldMaskPathsDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
+Recommended.FieldMaskTooManyUnderscore.JsonOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BytesFieldBase64Url.JsonOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.BytesFieldBase64Url.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.DurationHas3FractionalDigits.Validator
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.DurationHas6FractionalDigits.Validator
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.FieldMaskInvalidCharacter
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.MapFieldValueIsNull
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldMessageElementIsNull
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldPrimitiveElementIsNull
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringEndsWithEscapeChar
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldSurrogateInWrongOrder
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldUnpairedHighSurrogate
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldUnpairedLowSurrogate
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.TimestampHas3FractionalDigits.Validator
+Recommended.Proto3.JsonInput.TimestampHas6FractionalDigits.Validator
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.BOOL.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.DOUBLE.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.PackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.ENUM.UnpackedInput.UnpackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FIXED64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.INT64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SFIXED64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT64.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT64.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT64.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.SINT64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT32.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT32.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT32.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT32.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT64.PackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT64.PackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT64.UnpackedInput.DefaultOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.UINT64.UnpackedInput.PackedOutput.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.ENUM[3].ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalarBinary.ENUM[4].ProtobufOutput
+Required.DurationProtoInputTooLarge.JsonOutput
+Required.DurationProtoInputTooSmall.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldMaxNegativeValue.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldMaxNegativeValue.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldMinPositiveValue.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldMinPositiveValue.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DoubleFieldNan.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DurationMinValue.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.DurationRepeatedValue.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldInfinity.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldNan.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.FloatFieldNegativeInfinity.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.IgnoreUnknownJsonFalse.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.IgnoreUnknownJsonNull.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.IgnoreUnknownJsonNumber.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.IgnoreUnknownJsonObject.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.IgnoreUnknownJsonString.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.IgnoreUnknownJsonTrue.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.OneofFieldDuplicate
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.RejectTopLevelNull
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldSurrogatePair.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.JsonInput.StringFieldSurrogatePair.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.DoubleFieldNormalizeQuietNan.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.DoubleFieldNormalizeSignalingNan.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.FloatFieldNormalizeQuietNan.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.FloatFieldNormalizeSignalingNan.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataMap.STRING.MESSAGE.MissingDefault.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.PackedInput.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataRepeated.FLOAT.UnpackedInput.JsonOutput
+Required.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ValidDataScalar.FLOAT[2].JsonOutput
+Required.TimestampProtoInputTooLarge.JsonOutput
+Required.TimestampProtoInputTooSmall.JsonOutput
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_conformance_suite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_conformance_suite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc7b25152
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_conformance_suite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "text_format_conformance_suite.h"
+
+#include <google/protobuf/any.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include "conformance_test.h"
+#include <google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.pb.h>
+
+namespace proto2_messages = protobuf_test_messages::proto2;
+
+using conformance::ConformanceRequest;
+using conformance::ConformanceResponse;
+using conformance::WireFormat;
+using google::protobuf::Message;
+using google::protobuf::TextFormat;
+using proto2_messages::TestAllTypesProto2;
+using proto2_messages::UnknownToTestAllTypes;
+using protobuf_test_messages::proto3::TestAllTypesProto3;
+using std::string;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+TextFormatConformanceTestSuite::TextFormatConformanceTestSuite() {
+  SetFailureListFlagName("--text_format_failure_list");
+}
+
+bool TextFormatConformanceTestSuite::ParseTextFormatResponse(
+    const ConformanceResponse& response,
+    const ConformanceRequestSetting& setting, Message* test_message) {
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  const ConformanceRequest& request = setting.GetRequest();
+  if (request.print_unknown_fields()) {
+    parser.AllowFieldNumber(true);
+  }
+  if (!parser.ParseFromString(response.text_payload(), test_message)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "INTERNAL ERROR: internal text->protobuf transcode "
+               << "yielded unparseable proto. Text payload: "
+               << response.text_payload();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool TextFormatConformanceTestSuite::ParseResponse(
+    const ConformanceResponse& response,
+    const ConformanceRequestSetting& setting, Message* test_message) {
+  const ConformanceRequest& request = setting.GetRequest();
+  WireFormat requested_output = request.requested_output_format();
+  const string& test_name = setting.GetTestName();
+  ConformanceLevel level = setting.GetLevel();
+
+  switch (response.result_case()) {
+    case ConformanceResponse::kProtobufPayload: {
+      if (requested_output != conformance::PROTOBUF) {
+        ReportFailure(test_name, level, request, response,
+                      StrCat("Test was asked for ",
+                                   WireFormatToString(requested_output),
+                                   " output but provided PROTOBUF instead.")
+                          .c_str());
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (!test_message->ParseFromString(response.protobuf_payload())) {
+        ReportFailure(test_name, level, request, response,
+                      "Protobuf output we received from test was unparseable.");
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case ConformanceResponse::kTextPayload: {
+      if (requested_output != conformance::TEXT_FORMAT) {
+        ReportFailure(test_name, level, request, response,
+                      StrCat("Test was asked for ",
+                                   WireFormatToString(requested_output),
+                                   " output but provided TEXT_FORMAT instead.")
+                          .c_str());
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (!ParseTextFormatResponse(response, setting, test_message)) {
+        ReportFailure(
+            test_name, level, request, response,
+            "TEXT_FORMAT output we received from test was unparseable.");
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << test_name
+                 << ": unknown payload type: " << response.result_case();
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void TextFormatConformanceTestSuite::ExpectParseFailure(const string& test_name,
+                                                        ConformanceLevel level,
+                                                        const string& input) {
+  TestAllTypesProto3 prototype;
+  // We don't expect output, but if the program erroneously accepts the protobuf
+  // we let it send its response as this.  We must not leave it unspecified.
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting(
+      level, conformance::TEXT_FORMAT, conformance::TEXT_FORMAT,
+      conformance::TEXT_FORMAT_TEST, prototype, test_name, input);
+  const ConformanceRequest& request = setting.GetRequest();
+  ConformanceResponse response;
+  string effective_test_name =
+      StrCat(setting.ConformanceLevelToString(level),
+                   ".Proto3.TextFormatInput.", test_name);
+
+  RunTest(effective_test_name, request, &response);
+  if (response.result_case() == ConformanceResponse::kParseError) {
+    ReportSuccess(effective_test_name);
+  } else if (response.result_case() == ConformanceResponse::kSkipped) {
+    ReportSkip(effective_test_name, request, response);
+  } else {
+    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, level, request, response,
+                  "Should have failed to parse, but didn't.");
+  }
+}
+
+void TextFormatConformanceTestSuite::RunValidTextFormatTest(
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const string& input_text) {
+  TestAllTypesProto3 prototype;
+  RunValidTextFormatTestWithMessage(test_name, level, input_text, prototype);
+}
+
+void TextFormatConformanceTestSuite::RunValidTextFormatTestProto2(
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const string& input_text) {
+  TestAllTypesProto2 prototype;
+  RunValidTextFormatTestWithMessage(test_name, level, input_text, prototype);
+}
+
+void TextFormatConformanceTestSuite::RunValidTextFormatTestWithMessage(
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const string& input_text,
+    const Message& prototype) {
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting1(
+      level, conformance::TEXT_FORMAT, conformance::PROTOBUF,
+      conformance::TEXT_FORMAT_TEST, prototype, test_name, input_text);
+  RunValidInputTest(setting1, input_text);
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting2(
+      level, conformance::TEXT_FORMAT, conformance::TEXT_FORMAT,
+      conformance::TEXT_FORMAT_TEST, prototype, test_name, input_text);
+  RunValidInputTest(setting2, input_text);
+}
+
+void TextFormatConformanceTestSuite::RunValidUnknownTextFormatTest(
+    const string& test_name, const Message& message) {
+  string serialized_input;
+  message.SerializeToString(&serialized_input);
+  TestAllTypesProto3 prototype;
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting1(
+      RECOMMENDED, conformance::PROTOBUF, conformance::TEXT_FORMAT,
+      conformance::TEXT_FORMAT_TEST, prototype, test_name + "_Drop",
+      serialized_input);
+  setting1.SetPrototypeMessageForCompare(message);
+  RunValidBinaryInputTest(setting1, "");
+
+  ConformanceRequestSetting setting2(
+      RECOMMENDED, conformance::PROTOBUF, conformance::TEXT_FORMAT,
+      conformance::TEXT_FORMAT_TEST, prototype, test_name + "_Print",
+      serialized_input);
+  setting2.SetPrototypeMessageForCompare(message);
+  setting2.SetPrintUnknownFields(true);
+  RunValidBinaryInputTest(setting2, serialized_input);
+}
+
+void TextFormatConformanceTestSuite::RunSuiteImpl() {
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("HelloWorld", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_string: 'Hello, World!'");
+  // Integer fields.
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("Int32FieldMaxValue", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_int32: 2147483647");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("Int32FieldMinValue", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_int32: -2147483648");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("Uint32FieldMaxValue", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_uint32: 4294967295");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("Int64FieldMaxValue", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_int64: 9223372036854775807");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("Int64FieldMinValue", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_int64: -9223372036854775808");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("Uint64FieldMaxValue", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_uint64: 18446744073709551615");
+
+  // Parsers reject out-of-bound integer values.
+  ExpectParseFailure("Int32FieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+                     "optional_int32: 2147483648");
+  ExpectParseFailure("Int32FieldTooSmall", REQUIRED,
+                     "optional_int32: -2147483649");
+  ExpectParseFailure("Uint32FieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+                     "optional_uint32: 4294967296");
+  ExpectParseFailure("Int64FieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+                     "optional_int64: 9223372036854775808");
+  ExpectParseFailure("Int64FieldTooSmall", REQUIRED,
+                     "optional_int64: -9223372036854775809");
+  ExpectParseFailure("Uint64FieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+                     "optional_uint64: 18446744073709551616");
+
+  // Floating point fields
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("FloatField", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_float: 3.192837");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("FloatFieldWithVeryPreciseNumber", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_float: 3.123456789123456789");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("FloatFieldMaxValue", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_float: 3.4028235e+38");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("FloatFieldMinValue", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_float: 1.17549e-38");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("FloatFieldNaNValue", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_float: NaN");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("FloatFieldPosInfValue", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_float: inf");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("FloatFieldNegInfValue", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_float: -inf");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("FloatFieldWithInt32Max", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_float: 4294967296");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("FloatFieldLargerThanInt64", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_float: 9223372036854775808");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("FloatFieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_float: 3.4028235e+39");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("FloatFieldTooSmall", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_float: 1.17549e-39");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("FloatFieldLargerThanUint64", REQUIRED,
+                         "optional_float: 18446744073709551616");
+
+  // Group fields
+  RunValidTextFormatTestProto2("GroupFieldNoColon", REQUIRED,
+                               "Data { group_int32: 1 }");
+  RunValidTextFormatTestProto2("GroupFieldWithColon", REQUIRED,
+                               "Data: { group_int32: 1 }");
+  RunValidTextFormatTestProto2("GroupFieldEmpty", REQUIRED,
+                               "Data {}");
+
+
+  // Unknown Fields
+  UnknownToTestAllTypes message;
+  // Unable to print unknown Fixed32/Fixed64 fields as if they are known.
+  // Fixed32/Fixed64 fields are not added in the tests.
+  message.set_optional_int32(123);
+  message.set_optional_string("hello");
+  message.set_optional_bool(true);
+  RunValidUnknownTextFormatTest("ScalarUnknownFields", message);
+
+  message.Clear();
+  message.mutable_nested_message()->set_c(111);
+  RunValidUnknownTextFormatTest("MessageUnknownFields", message);
+
+  message.Clear();
+  message.mutable_optionalgroup()->set_a(321);
+  RunValidUnknownTextFormatTest("GroupUnknownFields", message);
+
+  message.add_repeated_int32(1);
+  message.add_repeated_int32(2);
+  message.add_repeated_int32(3);
+  RunValidUnknownTextFormatTest("RepeatedUnknownFields", message);
+
+  // Any fields
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("AnyField", REQUIRED,
+                         R"(
+      optional_any: {
+        [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3] {
+          optional_int32: 12345
+        }
+      }
+      )");
+  RunValidTextFormatTest("AnyFieldWithRawBytes", REQUIRED,
+                         R"(
+      optional_any: {
+        type_url: "type.googleapis.com/protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3"
+        value: "\b\271`"
+      }
+      )");
+  ExpectParseFailure("AnyFieldWithInvalidType", REQUIRED,
+                     R"(
+      optional_any: {
+        [type.googleapis.com/unknown] {
+          optional_int32: 12345
+        }
+      }
+      )");
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_conformance_suite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_conformance_suite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd258f50b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_conformance_suite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef TEXT_FORMAT_CONFORMANCE_SUITE_H_
+#define TEXT_FORMAT_CONFORMANCE_SUITE_H_
+
+#include "conformance_test.h"
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class TextFormatConformanceTestSuite : public ConformanceTestSuite {
+ public:
+  TextFormatConformanceTestSuite();
+
+ private:
+  void RunSuiteImpl();
+  void RunValidTextFormatTest(const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level,
+                              const string& input);
+  void RunValidTextFormatTestProto2(const string& test_name,
+                                    ConformanceLevel level,
+                                    const string& input);
+  void RunValidTextFormatTestWithMessage(const string& test_name,
+                                         ConformanceLevel level,
+                                         const string& input_text,
+                                         const Message& prototype);
+  void RunValidUnknownTextFormatTest(const string& test_name,
+                                     const Message& message);
+  void ExpectParseFailure(const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level,
+                          const string& input);
+  bool ParseTextFormatResponse(const conformance::ConformanceResponse& response,
+                               const ConformanceRequestSetting& setting,
+                               Message* test_message);
+  bool ParseResponse(const conformance::ConformanceResponse& response,
+                     const ConformanceRequestSetting& setting,
+                     Message* test_message) override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // TEXT_FORMAT_CONFORMANCE_SUITE_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_csharp.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_csharp.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..404b64a58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_csharp.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.GroupUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.GroupUnknownFields_Print.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.MessageUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.MessageUnknownFields_Print.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.RepeatedUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.RepeatedUnknownFields_Print.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ScalarUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ScalarUnknownFields_Print.TextFormatOutput
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_java.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_java.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..81433b441
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_java.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.GroupUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.MessageUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.RepeatedUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ScalarUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Required.Proto3.TextFormatInput.AnyField.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.TextFormatInput.AnyField.TextFormatOutput
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_php.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_php.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..404b64a58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_php.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.GroupUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.GroupUnknownFields_Print.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.MessageUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.MessageUnknownFields_Print.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.RepeatedUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.RepeatedUnknownFields_Print.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ScalarUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ScalarUnknownFields_Print.TextFormatOutput
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_python.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_python.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2db95e7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_python.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# This is the list of text format conformance tests that are known to fail right
+# now.
+# TODO: These should be fixed.
+Required.Proto3.TextFormatInput.FloatFieldMaxValue.ProtobufOutput
+Required.Proto3.TextFormatInput.FloatFieldMaxValue.TextFormatOutput
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_ruby.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_ruby.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..404b64a58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/text_format_failure_list_ruby.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.GroupUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.GroupUnknownFields_Print.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.MessageUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.MessageUnknownFields_Print.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.RepeatedUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.RepeatedUnknownFields_Print.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ScalarUnknownFields_Drop.TextFormatOutput
+Recommended.Proto3.ProtobufInput.ScalarUnknownFields_Print.TextFormatOutput
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/third_party/jsoncpp/json.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/third_party/jsoncpp/json.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32fd0720d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/third_party/jsoncpp/json.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2075 @@
+/// Json-cpp amalgated header (http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/).
+/// It is intended to be used with #include "json/json.h"
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: LICENSE
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/*
+The JsonCpp library's source code, including accompanying documentation,
+tests and demonstration applications, are licensed under the following
+conditions...
+
+The author (Baptiste Lepilleur) explicitly disclaims copyright in all
+jurisdictions which recognize such a disclaimer. In such jurisdictions,
+this software is released into the Public Domain.
+
+In jurisdictions which do not recognize Public Domain property (e.g. Germany as of
+2010), this software is Copyright (c) 2007-2010 by Baptiste Lepilleur, and is
+released under the terms of the MIT License (see below).
+
+In jurisdictions which recognize Public Domain property, the user of this
+software may choose to accept it either as 1) Public Domain, 2) under the
+conditions of the MIT License (see below), or 3) under the terms of dual
+Public Domain/MIT License conditions described here, as they choose.
+
+The MIT License is about as close to Public Domain as a license can get, and is
+described in clear, concise terms at:
+
+   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License
+
+The full text of the MIT License follows:
+
+========================================================================
+Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+========================================================================
+(END LICENSE TEXT)
+
+The MIT license is compatible with both the GPL and commercial
+software, affording one all of the rights of Public Domain with the
+minor nuisance of being required to keep the above copyright notice
+and license text in the source code. Note also that by accepting the
+Public Domain "license" you can re-license your copy using whatever
+license you like.
+
+*/
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: LICENSE
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+#ifndef JSON_AMALGATED_H_INCLUDED
+# define JSON_AMALGATED_H_INCLUDED
+/// If defined, indicates that the source file is amalgated
+/// to prevent private header inclusion.
+#define JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/version.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// DO NOT EDIT. This file (and "version") is generated by CMake.
+// Run CMake configure step to update it.
+#ifndef JSON_VERSION_H_INCLUDED
+# define JSON_VERSION_H_INCLUDED
+
+# define JSONCPP_VERSION_STRING "1.6.5"
+# define JSONCPP_VERSION_MAJOR 1
+# define JSONCPP_VERSION_MINOR 6
+# define JSONCPP_VERSION_PATCH 5
+# define JSONCPP_VERSION_QUALIFIER
+# define JSONCPP_VERSION_HEXA ((JSONCPP_VERSION_MAJOR << 24) | (JSONCPP_VERSION_MINOR << 16) | (JSONCPP_VERSION_PATCH << 8))
+
+#endif // JSON_VERSION_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/version.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/config.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef JSON_CONFIG_H_INCLUDED
+#define JSON_CONFIG_H_INCLUDED
+
+/// If defined, indicates that json library is embedded in CppTL library.
+//# define JSON_IN_CPPTL 1
+
+/// If defined, indicates that json may leverage CppTL library
+//#  define JSON_USE_CPPTL 1
+/// If defined, indicates that cpptl vector based map should be used instead of
+/// std::map
+/// as Value container.
+//#  define JSON_USE_CPPTL_SMALLMAP 1
+
+// If non-zero, the library uses exceptions to report bad input instead of C
+// assertion macros. The default is to use exceptions.
+#ifndef JSON_USE_EXCEPTION
+#define JSON_USE_EXCEPTION 1
+#endif
+
+/// If defined, indicates that the source file is amalgated
+/// to prevent private header inclusion.
+/// Remarks: it is automatically defined in the generated amalgated header.
+// #define JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION
+
+#ifdef JSON_IN_CPPTL
+#include <cpptl/config.h>
+#ifndef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+#define JSON_USE_CPPTL 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef JSON_IN_CPPTL
+#define JSON_API CPPTL_API
+#elif defined(JSON_DLL_BUILD)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define JSON_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#define JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING
+#endif // if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#elif defined(JSON_DLL)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define JSON_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#define JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING
+#endif // if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#endif // ifdef JSON_IN_CPPTL
+#if !defined(JSON_API)
+#define JSON_API
+#endif
+
+// If JSON_NO_INT64 is defined, then Json only support C++ "int" type for
+// integer
+// Storages, and 64 bits integer support is disabled.
+// #define JSON_NO_INT64 1
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) // MSVC
+#  if _MSC_VER <= 1200 // MSVC 6
+    // Microsoft Visual Studio 6 only support conversion from __int64 to double
+    // (no conversion from unsigned __int64).
+#    define JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION 1
+    // Disable warning 4786 for VS6 caused by STL (identifier was truncated to '255'
+    // characters in the debug information)
+    // All projects I've ever seen with VS6 were using this globally (not bothering
+    // with pragma push/pop).
+#    pragma warning(disable : 4786)
+#  endif // MSVC 6
+
+#  if _MSC_VER >= 1500 // MSVC 2008
+    /// Indicates that the following function is deprecated.
+#    define JSONCPP_DEPRECATED(message) __declspec(deprecated(message))
+#  endif
+
+#endif // defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+
+#ifndef JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600 // MSVC >= 2010
+#define JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES 1
+#endif // MSVC >= 2010
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#if __has_feature(cxx_rvalue_references)
+#define JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES 1
+#endif  // has_feature
+
+#elif defined __GNUC__ // not clang (gcc comes later since clang emulates gcc)
+#if defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__) || (__cplusplus >= 201103L)
+#define JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES 1
+#endif  // GXX_EXPERIMENTAL
+
+#endif // __clang__ || __GNUC__
+
+#endif // not defined JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+
+#ifndef JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+#define JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#elif defined __GNUC__ // not clang (gcc comes later since clang emulates gcc)
+#  if (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 5))
+#    define JSONCPP_DEPRECATED(message)  __attribute__ ((deprecated(message)))
+#  elif (__GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))
+#    define JSONCPP_DEPRECATED(message)  __attribute__((__deprecated__))
+#  endif  // GNUC version
+#endif // __clang__ || __GNUC__
+
+#if !defined(JSONCPP_DEPRECATED)
+#define JSONCPP_DEPRECATED(message)
+#endif // if !defined(JSONCPP_DEPRECATED)
+
+namespace Json {
+typedef int Int;
+typedef unsigned int UInt;
+#if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
+typedef int LargestInt;
+typedef unsigned int LargestUInt;
+#undef JSON_HAS_INT64
+#else                 // if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
+// For Microsoft Visual use specific types as long long is not supported
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) // Microsoft Visual Studio
+typedef __int64 Int64;
+typedef unsigned __int64 UInt64;
+#else                 // if defined(_MSC_VER) // Other platforms, use long long
+typedef long long int Int64;
+typedef unsigned long long int UInt64;
+#endif // if defined(_MSC_VER)
+typedef Int64 LargestInt;
+typedef UInt64 LargestUInt;
+#define JSON_HAS_INT64
+#endif // if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
+} // end namespace Json
+
+#endif // JSON_CONFIG_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/config.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/forwards.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef JSON_FORWARDS_H_INCLUDED
+#define JSON_FORWARDS_H_INCLUDED
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include "config.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+
+namespace Json {
+
+// writer.h
+class FastWriter;
+class StyledWriter;
+
+// reader.h
+class Reader;
+
+// features.h
+class Features;
+
+// value.h
+typedef unsigned int ArrayIndex;
+class StaticString;
+class Path;
+class PathArgument;
+class Value;
+class ValueIteratorBase;
+class ValueIterator;
+class ValueConstIterator;
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+#endif // JSON_FORWARDS_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/forwards.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/features.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef CPPTL_JSON_FEATURES_H_INCLUDED
+#define CPPTL_JSON_FEATURES_H_INCLUDED
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include "forwards.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+
+namespace Json {
+
+/** \brief Configuration passed to reader and writer.
+ * This configuration object can be used to force the Reader or Writer
+ * to behave in a standard conforming way.
+ */
+class JSON_API Features {
+public:
+  /** \brief A configuration that allows all features and assumes all strings
+   * are UTF-8.
+   * - C & C++ comments are allowed
+   * - Root object can be any JSON value
+   * - Assumes Value strings are encoded in UTF-8
+   */
+  static Features all();
+
+  /** \brief A configuration that is strictly compatible with the JSON
+   * specification.
+   * - Comments are forbidden.
+   * - Root object must be either an array or an object value.
+   * - Assumes Value strings are encoded in UTF-8
+   */
+  static Features strictMode();
+
+  /** \brief Initialize the configuration like JsonConfig::allFeatures;
+   */
+  Features();
+
+  /// \c true if comments are allowed. Default: \c true.
+  bool allowComments_;
+
+  /// \c true if root must be either an array or an object value. Default: \c
+  /// false.
+  bool strictRoot_;
+
+  /// \c true if dropped null placeholders are allowed. Default: \c false.
+  bool allowDroppedNullPlaceholders_;
+
+  /// \c true if numeric object key are allowed. Default: \c false.
+  bool allowNumericKeys_;
+};
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+#endif // CPPTL_JSON_FEATURES_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/features.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/value.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef CPPTL_JSON_H_INCLUDED
+#define CPPTL_JSON_H_INCLUDED
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include "forwards.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <exception>
+
+#ifndef JSON_USE_CPPTL_SMALLMAP
+#include <map>
+#else
+#include <cpptl/smallmap.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+#include <cpptl/forwards.h>
+#endif
+
+// Disable warning C4251: <data member>: <type> needs to have dll-interface to
+// be used by...
+#if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4251)
+#endif // if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+
+/** \brief JSON (JavaScript Object Notation).
+ */
+namespace Json {
+
+/** Base class for all exceptions we throw.
+ *
+ * We use nothing but these internally. Of course, STL can throw others.
+ */
+class JSON_API Exception : public std::exception {
+public:
+  Exception(std::string const& msg);
+  ~Exception() throw() override;
+  char const* what() const throw() override;
+protected:
+  std::string msg_;
+};
+
+/** Exceptions which the user cannot easily avoid.
+ *
+ * E.g. out-of-memory (when we use malloc), stack-overflow, malicious input
+ *
+ * \remark derived from Json::Exception
+ */
+class JSON_API RuntimeError : public Exception {
+public:
+  RuntimeError(std::string const& msg);
+};
+
+/** Exceptions thrown by JSON_ASSERT/JSON_FAIL macros.
+ *
+ * These are precondition-violations (user bugs) and internal errors (our bugs).
+ *
+ * \remark derived from Json::Exception
+ */
+class JSON_API LogicError : public Exception {
+public:
+  LogicError(std::string const& msg);
+};
+
+/// used internally
+void throwRuntimeError(std::string const& msg);
+/// used internally
+void throwLogicError(std::string const& msg);
+
+/** \brief Type of the value held by a Value object.
+ */
+enum ValueType {
+  nullValue = 0, ///< 'null' value
+  intValue,      ///< signed integer value
+  uintValue,     ///< unsigned integer value
+  realValue,     ///< double value
+  stringValue,   ///< UTF-8 string value
+  booleanValue,  ///< bool value
+  arrayValue,    ///< array value (ordered list)
+  objectValue    ///< object value (collection of name/value pairs).
+};
+
+enum CommentPlacement {
+  commentBefore = 0,      ///< a comment placed on the line before a value
+  commentAfterOnSameLine, ///< a comment just after a value on the same line
+  commentAfter, ///< a comment on the line after a value (only make sense for
+  /// root value)
+  numberOfCommentPlacement
+};
+
+//# ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+//   typedef CppTL::AnyEnumerator<const char *> EnumMemberNames;
+//   typedef CppTL::AnyEnumerator<const Value &> EnumValues;
+//# endif
+
+/** \brief Lightweight wrapper to tag static string.
+ *
+ * Value constructor and objectValue member assignement takes advantage of the
+ * StaticString and avoid the cost of string duplication when storing the
+ * string or the member name.
+ *
+ * Example of usage:
+ * \code
+ * Json::Value aValue( StaticString("some text") );
+ * Json::Value object;
+ * static const StaticString code("code");
+ * object[code] = 1234;
+ * \endcode
+ */
+class JSON_API StaticString {
+public:
+  explicit StaticString(const char* czstring) : c_str_(czstring) {}
+
+  operator const char*() const { return c_str_; }
+
+  const char* c_str() const { return c_str_; }
+
+private:
+  const char* c_str_;
+};
+
+/** \brief Represents a <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> value.
+ *
+ * This class is a discriminated union wrapper that can represents a:
+ * - signed integer [range: Value::minInt - Value::maxInt]
+ * - unsigned integer (range: 0 - Value::maxUInt)
+ * - double
+ * - UTF-8 string
+ * - boolean
+ * - 'null'
+ * - an ordered list of Value
+ * - collection of name/value pairs (javascript object)
+ *
+ * The type of the held value is represented by a #ValueType and
+ * can be obtained using type().
+ *
+ * Values of an #objectValue or #arrayValue can be accessed using operator[]()
+ * methods.
+ * Non-const methods will automatically create the a #nullValue element
+ * if it does not exist.
+ * The sequence of an #arrayValue will be automatically resized and initialized
+ * with #nullValue. resize() can be used to enlarge or truncate an #arrayValue.
+ *
+ * The get() methods can be used to obtain default value in the case the
+ * required element does not exist.
+ *
+ * It is possible to iterate over the list of a #objectValue values using
+ * the getMemberNames() method.
+ *
+ * \note #Value string-length fit in size_t, but keys must be < 2^30.
+ * (The reason is an implementation detail.) A #CharReader will raise an
+ * exception if a bound is exceeded to avoid security holes in your app,
+ * but the Value API does *not* check bounds. That is the responsibility
+ * of the caller.
+ */
+class JSON_API Value {
+  friend class ValueIteratorBase;
+public:
+  typedef std::vector<std::string> Members;
+  typedef ValueIterator iterator;
+  typedef ValueConstIterator const_iterator;
+  typedef Json::UInt UInt;
+  typedef Json::Int Int;
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  typedef Json::UInt64 UInt64;
+  typedef Json::Int64 Int64;
+#endif // defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  typedef Json::LargestInt LargestInt;
+  typedef Json::LargestUInt LargestUInt;
+  typedef Json::ArrayIndex ArrayIndex;
+
+  static const Value& null;  ///< We regret this reference to a global instance; prefer the simpler Value().
+  static const Value& nullRef;  ///< just a kludge for binary-compatibility; same as null
+  /// Minimum signed integer value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const LargestInt minLargestInt;
+  /// Maximum signed integer value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const LargestInt maxLargestInt;
+  /// Maximum unsigned integer value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const LargestUInt maxLargestUInt;
+
+  /// Minimum signed int value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const Int minInt;
+  /// Maximum signed int value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const Int maxInt;
+  /// Maximum unsigned int value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const UInt maxUInt;
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  /// Minimum signed 64 bits int value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const Int64 minInt64;
+  /// Maximum signed 64 bits int value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const Int64 maxInt64;
+  /// Maximum unsigned 64 bits int value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const UInt64 maxUInt64;
+#endif // defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+
+private:
+#ifndef JSONCPP_DOC_EXCLUDE_IMPLEMENTATION
+  class CZString {
+  public:
+    enum DuplicationPolicy {
+      noDuplication = 0,
+      duplicate,
+      duplicateOnCopy
+    };
+    CZString(ArrayIndex index);
+    CZString(char const* str, unsigned length, DuplicationPolicy allocate);
+    CZString(CZString const& other);
+#if JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+    CZString(CZString&& other);
+#endif
+    ~CZString();
+    CZString& operator=(CZString other);
+    bool operator<(CZString const& other) const;
+    bool operator==(CZString const& other) const;
+    ArrayIndex index() const;
+    //const char* c_str() const; ///< \deprecated
+    char const* data() const;
+    unsigned length() const;
+    bool isStaticString() const;
+
+  private:
+    void swap(CZString& other);
+
+    struct StringStorage {
+      unsigned policy_: 2;
+      unsigned length_: 30; // 1GB max
+    };
+
+    char const* cstr_;  // actually, a prefixed string, unless policy is noDup
+    union {
+      ArrayIndex index_;
+      StringStorage storage_;
+    };
+  };
+
+public:
+#ifndef JSON_USE_CPPTL_SMALLMAP
+  typedef std::map<CZString, Value> ObjectValues;
+#else
+  typedef CppTL::SmallMap<CZString, Value> ObjectValues;
+#endif // ifndef JSON_USE_CPPTL_SMALLMAP
+#endif // ifndef JSONCPP_DOC_EXCLUDE_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+public:
+  /** \brief Create a default Value of the given type.
+
+    This is a very useful constructor.
+    To create an empty array, pass arrayValue.
+    To create an empty object, pass objectValue.
+    Another Value can then be set to this one by assignment.
+This is useful since clear() and resize() will not alter types.
+
+    Examples:
+\code
+Json::Value null_value; // null
+Json::Value arr_value(Json::arrayValue); // []
+Json::Value obj_value(Json::objectValue); // {}
+\endcode
+  */
+  Value(ValueType type = nullValue);
+  Value(Int value);
+  Value(UInt value);
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  Value(Int64 value);
+  Value(UInt64 value);
+#endif // if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  Value(double value);
+  Value(const char* value); ///< Copy til first 0. (NULL causes to seg-fault.)
+  Value(const char* begin, const char* end); ///< Copy all, incl zeroes.
+  /** \brief Constructs a value from a static string.
+
+   * Like other value string constructor but do not duplicate the string for
+   * internal storage. The given string must remain alive after the call to this
+   * constructor.
+   * \note This works only for null-terminated strings. (We cannot change the
+   *   size of this class, so we have nowhere to store the length,
+   *   which might be computed later for various operations.)
+   *
+   * Example of usage:
+   * \code
+   * static StaticString foo("some text");
+   * Json::Value aValue(foo);
+   * \endcode
+   */
+  Value(const StaticString& value);
+  Value(const std::string& value); ///< Copy data() til size(). Embedded zeroes too.
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+  Value(const CppTL::ConstString& value);
+#endif
+  Value(bool value);
+  /// Deep copy.
+  Value(const Value& other);
+#if JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+  /// Move constructor
+  Value(Value&& other);
+#endif
+  ~Value();
+
+  /// Deep copy, then swap(other).
+  /// \note Over-write existing comments. To preserve comments, use #swapPayload().
+  Value& operator=(Value other);
+  /// Swap everything.
+  void swap(Value& other);
+  /// Swap values but leave comments and source offsets in place.
+  void swapPayload(Value& other);
+
+  ValueType type() const;
+
+  /// Compare payload only, not comments etc.
+  bool operator<(const Value& other) const;
+  bool operator<=(const Value& other) const;
+  bool operator>=(const Value& other) const;
+  bool operator>(const Value& other) const;
+  bool operator==(const Value& other) const;
+  bool operator!=(const Value& other) const;
+  int compare(const Value& other) const;
+
+  const char* asCString() const; ///< Embedded zeroes could cause you trouble!
+  std::string asString() const; ///< Embedded zeroes are possible.
+  /** Get raw char* of string-value.
+   *  \return false if !string. (Seg-fault if str or end are NULL.)
+   */
+  bool getString(
+      char const** begin, char const** end) const;
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+  CppTL::ConstString asConstString() const;
+#endif
+  Int asInt() const;
+  UInt asUInt() const;
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  Int64 asInt64() const;
+  UInt64 asUInt64() const;
+#endif // if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  LargestInt asLargestInt() const;
+  LargestUInt asLargestUInt() const;
+  float asFloat() const;
+  double asDouble() const;
+  bool asBool() const;
+
+  bool isNull() const;
+  bool isBool() const;
+  bool isInt() const;
+  bool isInt64() const;
+  bool isUInt() const;
+  bool isUInt64() const;
+  bool isIntegral() const;
+  bool isDouble() const;
+  bool isNumeric() const;
+  bool isString() const;
+  bool isArray() const;
+  bool isObject() const;
+
+  bool isConvertibleTo(ValueType other) const;
+
+  /// Number of values in array or object
+  ArrayIndex size() const;
+
+  /// \brief Return true if empty array, empty object, or null;
+  /// otherwise, false.
+  bool empty() const;
+
+  /// Return isNull()
+  bool operator!() const;
+
+  /// Remove all object members and array elements.
+  /// \pre type() is arrayValue, objectValue, or nullValue
+  /// \post type() is unchanged
+  void clear();
+
+  /// Resize the array to size elements.
+  /// New elements are initialized to null.
+  /// May only be called on nullValue or arrayValue.
+  /// \pre type() is arrayValue or nullValue
+  /// \post type() is arrayValue
+  void resize(ArrayIndex size);
+
+  /// Access an array element (zero based index ).
+  /// If the array contains less than index element, then null value are
+  /// inserted
+  /// in the array so that its size is index+1.
+  /// (You may need to say 'value[0u]' to get your compiler to distinguish
+  ///  this from the operator[] which takes a string.)
+  Value& operator[](ArrayIndex index);
+
+  /// Access an array element (zero based index ).
+  /// If the array contains less than index element, then null value are
+  /// inserted
+  /// in the array so that its size is index+1.
+  /// (You may need to say 'value[0u]' to get your compiler to distinguish
+  ///  this from the operator[] which takes a string.)
+  Value& operator[](int index);
+
+  /// Access an array element (zero based index )
+  /// (You may need to say 'value[0u]' to get your compiler to distinguish
+  ///  this from the operator[] which takes a string.)
+  const Value& operator[](ArrayIndex index) const;
+
+  /// Access an array element (zero based index )
+  /// (You may need to say 'value[0u]' to get your compiler to distinguish
+  ///  this from the operator[] which takes a string.)
+  const Value& operator[](int index) const;
+
+  /// If the array contains at least index+1 elements, returns the element
+  /// value,
+  /// otherwise returns defaultValue.
+  Value get(ArrayIndex index, const Value& defaultValue) const;
+  /// Return true if index < size().
+  bool isValidIndex(ArrayIndex index) const;
+  /// \brief Append value to array at the end.
+  ///
+  /// Equivalent to jsonvalue[jsonvalue.size()] = value;
+  Value& append(const Value& value);
+
+  /// Access an object value by name, create a null member if it does not exist.
+  /// \note Because of our implementation, keys are limited to 2^30 -1 chars.
+  ///  Exceeding that will cause an exception.
+  Value& operator[](const char* key);
+  /// Access an object value by name, returns null if there is no member with
+  /// that name.
+  const Value& operator[](const char* key) const;
+  /// Access an object value by name, create a null member if it does not exist.
+  /// \param key may contain embedded nulls.
+  Value& operator[](const std::string& key);
+  /// Access an object value by name, returns null if there is no member with
+  /// that name.
+  /// \param key may contain embedded nulls.
+  const Value& operator[](const std::string& key) const;
+  /** \brief Access an object value by name, create a null member if it does not
+   exist.
+
+   * If the object has no entry for that name, then the member name used to store
+   * the new entry is not duplicated.
+   * Example of use:
+   * \code
+   * Json::Value object;
+   * static const StaticString code("code");
+   * object[code] = 1234;
+   * \endcode
+   */
+  Value& operator[](const StaticString& key);
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+  /// Access an object value by name, create a null member if it does not exist.
+  Value& operator[](const CppTL::ConstString& key);
+  /// Access an object value by name, returns null if there is no member with
+  /// that name.
+  const Value& operator[](const CppTL::ConstString& key) const;
+#endif
+  /// Return the member named key if it exist, defaultValue otherwise.
+  /// \note deep copy
+  Value get(const char* key, const Value& defaultValue) const;
+  /// Return the member named key if it exist, defaultValue otherwise.
+  /// \note deep copy
+  /// \note key may contain embedded nulls.
+  Value get(const char* begin, const char* end, const Value& defaultValue) const;
+  /// Return the member named key if it exist, defaultValue otherwise.
+  /// \note deep copy
+  /// \param key may contain embedded nulls.
+  Value get(const std::string& key, const Value& defaultValue) const;
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+  /// Return the member named key if it exist, defaultValue otherwise.
+  /// \note deep copy
+  Value get(const CppTL::ConstString& key, const Value& defaultValue) const;
+#endif
+  /// Most general and efficient version of isMember()const, get()const,
+  /// and operator[]const
+  /// \note As stated elsewhere, behavior is undefined if (end-begin) >= 2^30
+  Value const* find(char const* begin, char const* end) const;
+  /// Most general and efficient version of object-mutators.
+  /// \note As stated elsewhere, behavior is undefined if (end-begin) >= 2^30
+  /// \return non-zero, but JSON_ASSERT if this is neither object nor nullValue.
+  Value const* demand(char const* begin, char const* end);
+  /// \brief Remove and return the named member.
+  ///
+  /// Do nothing if it did not exist.
+  /// \return the removed Value, or null.
+  /// \pre type() is objectValue or nullValue
+  /// \post type() is unchanged
+  /// \deprecated
+  Value removeMember(const char* key);
+  /// Same as removeMember(const char*)
+  /// \param key may contain embedded nulls.
+  /// \deprecated
+  Value removeMember(const std::string& key);
+  /// Same as removeMember(const char* begin, const char* end, Value* removed),
+  /// but 'key' is null-terminated.
+  bool removeMember(const char* key, Value* removed);
+  /** \brief Remove the named map member.
+
+      Update 'removed' iff removed.
+      \param key may contain embedded nulls.
+      \return true iff removed (no exceptions)
+  */
+  bool removeMember(std::string const& key, Value* removed);
+  /// Same as removeMember(std::string const& key, Value* removed)
+  bool removeMember(const char* begin, const char* end, Value* removed);
+  /** \brief Remove the indexed array element.
+
+      O(n) expensive operations.
+      Update 'removed' iff removed.
+      \return true iff removed (no exceptions)
+  */
+  bool removeIndex(ArrayIndex i, Value* removed);
+
+  /// Return true if the object has a member named key.
+  /// \note 'key' must be null-terminated.
+  bool isMember(const char* key) const;
+  /// Return true if the object has a member named key.
+  /// \param key may contain embedded nulls.
+  bool isMember(const std::string& key) const;
+  /// Same as isMember(std::string const& key)const
+  bool isMember(const char* begin, const char* end) const;
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+  /// Return true if the object has a member named key.
+  bool isMember(const CppTL::ConstString& key) const;
+#endif
+
+  /// \brief Return a list of the member names.
+  ///
+  /// If null, return an empty list.
+  /// \pre type() is objectValue or nullValue
+  /// \post if type() was nullValue, it remains nullValue
+  Members getMemberNames() const;
+
+  //# ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+  //      EnumMemberNames enumMemberNames() const;
+  //      EnumValues enumValues() const;
+  //# endif
+
+  /// \deprecated Always pass len.
+  JSONCPP_DEPRECATED("Use setComment(std::string const&) instead.")
+  void setComment(const char* comment, CommentPlacement placement);
+  /// Comments must be //... or /* ... */
+  void setComment(const char* comment, size_t len, CommentPlacement placement);
+  /// Comments must be //... or /* ... */
+  void setComment(const std::string& comment, CommentPlacement placement);
+  bool hasComment(CommentPlacement placement) const;
+  /// Include delimiters and embedded newlines.
+  std::string getComment(CommentPlacement placement) const;
+
+  std::string toStyledString() const;
+
+  const_iterator begin() const;
+  const_iterator end() const;
+
+  iterator begin();
+  iterator end();
+
+  // Accessors for the [start, limit) range of bytes within the JSON text from
+  // which this value was parsed, if any.
+  void setOffsetStart(size_t start);
+  void setOffsetLimit(size_t limit);
+  size_t getOffsetStart() const;
+  size_t getOffsetLimit() const;
+
+private:
+  void initBasic(ValueType type, bool allocated = false);
+
+  Value& resolveReference(const char* key);
+  Value& resolveReference(const char* key, const char* end);
+
+  struct CommentInfo {
+    CommentInfo();
+    ~CommentInfo();
+
+    void setComment(const char* text, size_t len);
+
+    char* comment_;
+  };
+
+  // struct MemberNamesTransform
+  //{
+  //   typedef const char *result_type;
+  //   const char *operator()( const CZString &name ) const
+  //   {
+  //      return name.c_str();
+  //   }
+  //};
+
+  union ValueHolder {
+    LargestInt int_;
+    LargestUInt uint_;
+    double real_;
+    bool bool_;
+    char* string_;  // actually ptr to unsigned, followed by str, unless !allocated_
+    ObjectValues* map_;
+  } value_;
+  ValueType type_ : 8;
+  unsigned int allocated_ : 1; // Notes: if declared as bool, bitfield is useless.
+                               // If not allocated_, string_ must be null-terminated.
+  CommentInfo* comments_;
+
+  // [start, limit) byte offsets in the source JSON text from which this Value
+  // was extracted.
+  size_t start_;
+  size_t limit_;
+};
+
+/** \brief Experimental and untested: represents an element of the "path" to
+ * access a node.
+ */
+class JSON_API PathArgument {
+public:
+  friend class Path;
+
+  PathArgument();
+  PathArgument(ArrayIndex index);
+  PathArgument(const char* key);
+  PathArgument(const std::string& key);
+
+private:
+  enum Kind {
+    kindNone = 0,
+    kindIndex,
+    kindKey
+  };
+  std::string key_;
+  ArrayIndex index_;
+  Kind kind_;
+};
+
+/** \brief Experimental and untested: represents a "path" to access a node.
+ *
+ * Syntax:
+ * - "." => root node
+ * - ".[n]" => elements at index 'n' of root node (an array value)
+ * - ".name" => member named 'name' of root node (an object value)
+ * - ".name1.name2.name3"
+ * - ".[0][1][2].name1[3]"
+ * - ".%" => member name is provided as parameter
+ * - ".[%]" => index is provied as parameter
+ */
+class JSON_API Path {
+public:
+  Path(const std::string& path,
+       const PathArgument& a1 = PathArgument(),
+       const PathArgument& a2 = PathArgument(),
+       const PathArgument& a3 = PathArgument(),
+       const PathArgument& a4 = PathArgument(),
+       const PathArgument& a5 = PathArgument());
+
+  const Value& resolve(const Value& root) const;
+  Value resolve(const Value& root, const Value& defaultValue) const;
+  /// Creates the "path" to access the specified node and returns a reference on
+  /// the node.
+  Value& make(Value& root) const;
+
+private:
+  typedef std::vector<const PathArgument*> InArgs;
+  typedef std::vector<PathArgument> Args;
+
+  void makePath(const std::string& path, const InArgs& in);
+  void addPathInArg(const std::string& path,
+                    const InArgs& in,
+                    InArgs::const_iterator& itInArg,
+                    PathArgument::Kind kind);
+  void invalidPath(const std::string& path, int location);
+
+  Args args_;
+};
+
+/** \brief base class for Value iterators.
+ *
+ */
+class JSON_API ValueIteratorBase {
+public:
+  typedef std::bidirectional_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+  typedef unsigned int size_t;
+  typedef int difference_type;
+  typedef ValueIteratorBase SelfType;
+
+  bool operator==(const SelfType& other) const { return isEqual(other); }
+
+  bool operator!=(const SelfType& other) const { return !isEqual(other); }
+
+  difference_type operator-(const SelfType& other) const {
+    return other.computeDistance(*this);
+  }
+
+  /// Return either the index or the member name of the referenced value as a
+  /// Value.
+  Value key() const;
+
+  /// Return the index of the referenced Value, or -1 if it is not an arrayValue.
+  UInt index() const;
+
+  /// Return the member name of the referenced Value, or "" if it is not an
+  /// objectValue.
+  /// \note Avoid `c_str()` on result, as embedded zeroes are possible.
+  std::string name() const;
+
+  /// Return the member name of the referenced Value. "" if it is not an
+  /// objectValue.
+  /// \deprecated This cannot be used for UTF-8 strings, since there can be embedded nulls.
+  JSONCPP_DEPRECATED("Use `key = name();` instead.")
+  char const* memberName() const;
+  /// Return the member name of the referenced Value, or NULL if it is not an
+  /// objectValue.
+  /// \note Better version than memberName(). Allows embedded nulls.
+  char const* memberName(char const** end) const;
+
+protected:
+  Value& deref() const;
+
+  void increment();
+
+  void decrement();
+
+  difference_type computeDistance(const SelfType& other) const;
+
+  bool isEqual(const SelfType& other) const;
+
+  void copy(const SelfType& other);
+
+private:
+  Value::ObjectValues::iterator current_;
+  // Indicates that iterator is for a null value.
+  bool isNull_;
+
+public:
+  // For some reason, BORLAND needs these at the end, rather
+  // than earlier. No idea why.
+  ValueIteratorBase();
+  explicit ValueIteratorBase(const Value::ObjectValues::iterator& current);
+};
+
+/** \brief const iterator for object and array value.
+ *
+ */
+class JSON_API ValueConstIterator : public ValueIteratorBase {
+  friend class Value;
+
+public:
+  typedef const Value value_type;
+  //typedef unsigned int size_t;
+  //typedef int difference_type;
+  typedef const Value& reference;
+  typedef const Value* pointer;
+  typedef ValueConstIterator SelfType;
+
+  ValueConstIterator();
+  ValueConstIterator(ValueIterator const& other);
+
+private:
+/*! \internal Use by Value to create an iterator.
+ */
+  explicit ValueConstIterator(const Value::ObjectValues::iterator& current);
+public:
+  SelfType& operator=(const ValueIteratorBase& other);
+
+  SelfType operator++(int) {
+    SelfType temp(*this);
+    ++*this;
+    return temp;
+  }
+
+  SelfType operator--(int) {
+    SelfType temp(*this);
+    --*this;
+    return temp;
+  }
+
+  SelfType& operator--() {
+    decrement();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  SelfType& operator++() {
+    increment();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  reference operator*() const { return deref(); }
+
+  pointer operator->() const { return &deref(); }
+};
+
+/** \brief Iterator for object and array value.
+ */
+class JSON_API ValueIterator : public ValueIteratorBase {
+  friend class Value;
+
+public:
+  typedef Value value_type;
+  typedef unsigned int size_t;
+  typedef int difference_type;
+  typedef Value& reference;
+  typedef Value* pointer;
+  typedef ValueIterator SelfType;
+
+  ValueIterator();
+  explicit ValueIterator(const ValueConstIterator& other);
+  ValueIterator(const ValueIterator& other);
+
+private:
+/*! \internal Use by Value to create an iterator.
+ */
+  explicit ValueIterator(const Value::ObjectValues::iterator& current);
+public:
+  SelfType& operator=(const SelfType& other);
+
+  SelfType operator++(int) {
+    SelfType temp(*this);
+    ++*this;
+    return temp;
+  }
+
+  SelfType operator--(int) {
+    SelfType temp(*this);
+    --*this;
+    return temp;
+  }
+
+  SelfType& operator--() {
+    decrement();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  SelfType& operator++() {
+    increment();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  reference operator*() const { return deref(); }
+
+  pointer operator->() const { return &deref(); }
+};
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+
+namespace std {
+/// Specialize std::swap() for Json::Value.
+template<>
+inline void swap(Json::Value& a, Json::Value& b) { a.swap(b); }
+}
+
+
+#if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif // if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+
+#endif // CPPTL_JSON_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/value.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/reader.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef CPPTL_JSON_READER_H_INCLUDED
+#define CPPTL_JSON_READER_H_INCLUDED
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include "features.h"
+#include "value.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <deque>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <stack>
+#include <string>
+#include <istream>
+
+// Disable warning C4251: <data member>: <type> needs to have dll-interface to
+// be used by...
+#if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4251)
+#endif // if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+
+namespace Json {
+
+/** \brief Unserialize a <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> document into a
+ *Value.
+ *
+ * \deprecated Use CharReader and CharReaderBuilder.
+ */
+class JSON_API Reader {
+public:
+  typedef char Char;
+  typedef const Char* Location;
+
+  /** \brief An error tagged with where in the JSON text it was encountered.
+   *
+   * The offsets give the [start, limit) range of bytes within the text. Note
+   * that this is bytes, not codepoints.
+   *
+   */
+  struct StructuredError {
+    size_t offset_start;
+    size_t offset_limit;
+    std::string message;
+  };
+
+  /** \brief Constructs a Reader allowing all features
+   * for parsing.
+   */
+  Reader();
+
+  /** \brief Constructs a Reader allowing the specified feature set
+   * for parsing.
+   */
+  Reader(const Features& features);
+
+  /** \brief Read a Value from a <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a>
+   * document.
+   * \param document UTF-8 encoded string containing the document to read.
+   * \param root [out] Contains the root value of the document if it was
+   *             successfully parsed.
+   * \param collectComments \c true to collect comment and allow writing them
+   * back during
+   *                        serialization, \c false to discard comments.
+   *                        This parameter is ignored if
+   * Features::allowComments_
+   *                        is \c false.
+   * \return \c true if the document was successfully parsed, \c false if an
+   * error occurred.
+   */
+  bool
+  parse(const std::string& document, Value& root, bool collectComments = true);
+
+  /** \brief Read a Value from a <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a>
+   document.
+   * \param beginDoc Pointer on the beginning of the UTF-8 encoded string of the
+   document to read.
+   * \param endDoc Pointer on the end of the UTF-8 encoded string of the
+   document to read.
+   *               Must be >= beginDoc.
+   * \param root [out] Contains the root value of the document if it was
+   *             successfully parsed.
+   * \param collectComments \c true to collect comment and allow writing them
+   back during
+   *                        serialization, \c false to discard comments.
+   *                        This parameter is ignored if
+   Features::allowComments_
+   *                        is \c false.
+   * \return \c true if the document was successfully parsed, \c false if an
+   error occurred.
+   */
+  bool parse(const char* beginDoc,
+             const char* endDoc,
+             Value& root,
+             bool collectComments = true);
+
+  /// \brief Parse from input stream.
+  /// \see Json::operator>>(std::istream&, Json::Value&).
+  bool parse(std::istream& is, Value& root, bool collectComments = true);
+
+  /** \brief Returns a user friendly string that list errors in the parsed
+   * document.
+   * \return Formatted error message with the list of errors with their location
+   * in
+   *         the parsed document. An empty string is returned if no error
+   * occurred
+   *         during parsing.
+   * \deprecated Use getFormattedErrorMessages() instead (typo fix).
+   */
+  JSONCPP_DEPRECATED("Use getFormattedErrorMessages() instead.")
+  std::string getFormatedErrorMessages() const;
+
+  /** \brief Returns a user friendly string that list errors in the parsed
+   * document.
+   * \return Formatted error message with the list of errors with their location
+   * in
+   *         the parsed document. An empty string is returned if no error
+   * occurred
+   *         during parsing.
+   */
+  std::string getFormattedErrorMessages() const;
+
+  /** \brief Returns a vector of structured erros encounted while parsing.
+   * \return A (possibly empty) vector of StructuredError objects. Currently
+   *         only one error can be returned, but the caller should tolerate
+   * multiple
+   *         errors.  This can occur if the parser recovers from a non-fatal
+   *         parse error and then encounters additional errors.
+   */
+  std::vector<StructuredError> getStructuredErrors() const;
+
+  /** \brief Add a semantic error message.
+   * \param value JSON Value location associated with the error
+   * \param message The error message.
+   * \return \c true if the error was successfully added, \c false if the
+   * Value offset exceeds the document size.
+   */
+  bool pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message);
+
+  /** \brief Add a semantic error message with extra context.
+   * \param value JSON Value location associated with the error
+   * \param message The error message.
+   * \param extra Additional JSON Value location to contextualize the error
+   * \return \c true if the error was successfully added, \c false if either
+   * Value offset exceeds the document size.
+   */
+  bool pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message, const Value& extra);
+
+  /** \brief Return whether there are any errors.
+   * \return \c true if there are no errors to report \c false if
+   * errors have occurred.
+   */
+  bool good() const;
+
+private:
+  enum TokenType {
+    tokenEndOfStream = 0,
+    tokenObjectBegin,
+    tokenObjectEnd,
+    tokenArrayBegin,
+    tokenArrayEnd,
+    tokenString,
+    tokenNumber,
+    tokenTrue,
+    tokenFalse,
+    tokenNull,
+    tokenArraySeparator,
+    tokenMemberSeparator,
+    tokenComment,
+    tokenError
+  };
+
+  class Token {
+  public:
+    TokenType type_;
+    Location start_;
+    Location end_;
+  };
+
+  class ErrorInfo {
+  public:
+    Token token_;
+    std::string message_;
+    Location extra_;
+  };
+
+  typedef std::deque<ErrorInfo> Errors;
+
+  bool readToken(Token& token);
+  void skipSpaces();
+  bool match(Location pattern, int patternLength);
+  bool readComment();
+  bool readCStyleComment();
+  bool readCppStyleComment();
+  bool readString();
+  void readNumber();
+  bool readValue();
+  bool readObject(Token& token);
+  bool readArray(Token& token);
+  bool decodeNumber(Token& token);
+  bool decodeNumber(Token& token, Value& decoded);
+  bool decodeString(Token& token);
+  bool decodeString(Token& token, std::string& decoded);
+  bool decodeDouble(Token& token);
+  bool decodeDouble(Token& token, Value& decoded);
+  bool decodeUnicodeCodePoint(Token& token,
+                              Location& current,
+                              Location end,
+                              unsigned int& unicode);
+  bool decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(Token& token,
+                                   Location& current,
+                                   Location end,
+                                   unsigned int& unicode);
+  bool addError(const std::string& message, Token& token, Location extra = 0);
+  bool recoverFromError(TokenType skipUntilToken);
+  bool addErrorAndRecover(const std::string& message,
+                          Token& token,
+                          TokenType skipUntilToken);
+  void skipUntilSpace();
+  Value& currentValue();
+  Char getNextChar();
+  void
+  getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location, int& line, int& column) const;
+  std::string getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location) const;
+  void addComment(Location begin, Location end, CommentPlacement placement);
+  void skipCommentTokens(Token& token);
+
+  typedef std::stack<Value*> Nodes;
+  Nodes nodes_;
+  Errors errors_;
+  std::string document_;
+  Location begin_;
+  Location end_;
+  Location current_;
+  Location lastValueEnd_;
+  Value* lastValue_;
+  std::string commentsBefore_;
+  Features features_;
+  bool collectComments_;
+};  // Reader
+
+/** Interface for reading JSON from a char array.
+ */
+class JSON_API CharReader {
+public:
+  virtual ~CharReader() {}
+  /** \brief Read a Value from a <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a>
+   document.
+   * The document must be a UTF-8 encoded string containing the document to read.
+   *
+   * \param beginDoc Pointer on the beginning of the UTF-8 encoded string of the
+   document to read.
+   * \param endDoc Pointer on the end of the UTF-8 encoded string of the
+   document to read.
+   *        Must be >= beginDoc.
+   * \param root [out] Contains the root value of the document if it was
+   *             successfully parsed.
+   * \param errs [out] Formatted error messages (if not NULL)
+   *        a user friendly string that lists errors in the parsed
+   * document.
+   * \return \c true if the document was successfully parsed, \c false if an
+   error occurred.
+   */
+  virtual bool parse(
+      char const* beginDoc, char const* endDoc,
+      Value* root, std::string* errs) = 0;
+
+  class JSON_API Factory {
+  public:
+    virtual ~Factory() {}
+    /** \brief Allocate a CharReader via operator new().
+     * \throw std::exception if something goes wrong (e.g. invalid settings)
+     */
+    virtual CharReader* newCharReader() const = 0;
+  };  // Factory
+};  // CharReader
+
+/** \brief Build a CharReader implementation.
+
+Usage:
+\code
+  using namespace Json;
+  CharReaderBuilder builder;
+  builder["collectComments"] = false;
+  Value value;
+  std::string errs;
+  bool ok = parseFromStream(builder, std::cin, &value, &errs);
+\endcode
+*/
+class JSON_API CharReaderBuilder : public CharReader::Factory {
+public:
+  // Note: We use a Json::Value so that we can add data-members to this class
+  // without a major version bump.
+  /** Configuration of this builder.
+    These are case-sensitive.
+    Available settings (case-sensitive):
+    - `"collectComments": false or true`
+      - true to collect comment and allow writing them
+        back during serialization, false to discard comments.
+        This parameter is ignored if allowComments is false.
+    - `"allowComments": false or true`
+      - true if comments are allowed.
+    - `"strictRoot": false or true`
+      - true if root must be either an array or an object value
+    - `"allowDroppedNullPlaceholders": false or true`
+      - true if dropped null placeholders are allowed. (See StreamWriterBuilder.)
+    - `"allowNumericKeys": false or true`
+      - true if numeric object keys are allowed.
+    - `"allowSingleQuotes": false or true`
+      - true if '' are allowed for strings (both keys and values)
+    - `"stackLimit": integer`
+      - Exceeding stackLimit (recursive depth of `readValue()`) will
+        cause an exception.
+      - This is a security issue (seg-faults caused by deeply nested JSON),
+        so the default is low.
+    - `"failIfExtra": false or true`
+      - If true, `parse()` returns false when extra non-whitespace trails
+        the JSON value in the input string.
+    - `"rejectDupKeys": false or true`
+      - If true, `parse()` returns false when a key is duplicated within an object.
+    - `"allowSpecialFloats": false or true`
+      - If true, special float values (NaNs and infinities) are allowed
+        and their values are lossfree restorable.
+
+    You can examine 'settings_` yourself
+    to see the defaults. You can also write and read them just like any
+    JSON Value.
+    \sa setDefaults()
+    */
+  Json::Value settings_;
+
+  CharReaderBuilder();
+  ~CharReaderBuilder() override;
+
+  CharReader* newCharReader() const override;
+
+  /** \return true if 'settings' are legal and consistent;
+   *   otherwise, indicate bad settings via 'invalid'.
+   */
+  bool validate(Json::Value* invalid) const;
+
+  /** A simple way to update a specific setting.
+   */
+  Value& operator[](std::string key);
+
+  /** Called by ctor, but you can use this to reset settings_.
+   * \pre 'settings' != NULL (but Json::null is fine)
+   * \remark Defaults:
+   * \snippet src/lib_json/json_reader.cpp CharReaderBuilderDefaults
+   */
+  static void setDefaults(Json::Value* settings);
+  /** Same as old Features::strictMode().
+   * \pre 'settings' != NULL (but Json::null is fine)
+   * \remark Defaults:
+   * \snippet src/lib_json/json_reader.cpp CharReaderBuilderStrictMode
+   */
+  static void strictMode(Json::Value* settings);
+};
+
+/** Consume entire stream and use its begin/end.
+  * Someday we might have a real StreamReader, but for now this
+  * is convenient.
+  */
+bool JSON_API parseFromStream(
+    CharReader::Factory const&,
+    std::istream&,
+    Value* root, std::string* errs);
+
+/** \brief Read from 'sin' into 'root'.
+
+ Always keep comments from the input JSON.
+
+ This can be used to read a file into a particular sub-object.
+ For example:
+ \code
+ Json::Value root;
+ cin >> root["dir"]["file"];
+ cout << root;
+ \endcode
+ Result:
+ \verbatim
+ {
+ "dir": {
+     "file": {
+     // The input stream JSON would be nested here.
+     }
+ }
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+ \throw std::exception on parse error.
+ \see Json::operator<<()
+*/
+JSON_API std::istream& operator>>(std::istream&, Value&);
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+#if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif // if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+
+#endif // CPPTL_JSON_READER_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/reader.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/writer.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef JSON_WRITER_H_INCLUDED
+#define JSON_WRITER_H_INCLUDED
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include "value.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <ostream>
+
+// Disable warning C4251: <data member>: <type> needs to have dll-interface to
+// be used by...
+#if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4251)
+#endif // if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+
+namespace Json {
+
+class Value;
+
+/**
+
+Usage:
+\code
+  using namespace Json;
+  void writeToStdout(StreamWriter::Factory const& factory, Value const& value) {
+    std::unique_ptr<StreamWriter> const writer(
+      factory.newStreamWriter());
+    writer->write(value, &std::cout);
+    std::cout << std::endl;  // add lf and flush
+  }
+\endcode
+*/
+class JSON_API StreamWriter {
+protected:
+  std::ostream* sout_;  // not owned; will not delete
+public:
+  StreamWriter();
+  virtual ~StreamWriter();
+  /** Write Value into document as configured in sub-class.
+      Do not take ownership of sout, but maintain a reference during function.
+      \pre sout != NULL
+      \return zero on success (For now, we always return zero, so check the stream instead.)
+      \throw std::exception possibly, depending on configuration
+   */
+  virtual int write(Value const& root, std::ostream* sout) = 0;
+
+  /** \brief A simple abstract factory.
+   */
+  class JSON_API Factory {
+  public:
+    virtual ~Factory();
+    /** \brief Allocate a CharReader via operator new().
+     * \throw std::exception if something goes wrong (e.g. invalid settings)
+     */
+    virtual StreamWriter* newStreamWriter() const = 0;
+  };  // Factory
+};  // StreamWriter
+
+/** \brief Write into stringstream, then return string, for convenience.
+ * A StreamWriter will be created from the factory, used, and then deleted.
+ */
+std::string JSON_API writeString(StreamWriter::Factory const& factory, Value const& root);
+
+
+/** \brief Build a StreamWriter implementation.
+
+Usage:
+\code
+  using namespace Json;
+  Value value = ...;
+  StreamWriterBuilder builder;
+  builder["commentStyle"] = "None";
+  builder["indentation"] = "   ";  // or whatever you like
+  std::unique_ptr<Json::StreamWriter> writer(
+      builder.newStreamWriter());
+  writer->write(value, &std::cout);
+  std::cout << std::endl;  // add lf and flush
+\endcode
+*/
+class JSON_API StreamWriterBuilder : public StreamWriter::Factory {
+public:
+  // Note: We use a Json::Value so that we can add data-members to this class
+  // without a major version bump.
+  /** Configuration of this builder.
+    Available settings (case-sensitive):
+    - "commentStyle": "None" or "All"
+    - "indentation":  "<anything>"
+    - "enableYAMLCompatibility": false or true
+      - slightly change the whitespace around colons
+    - "dropNullPlaceholders": false or true
+      - Drop the "null" string from the writer's output for nullValues.
+        Strictly speaking, this is not valid JSON. But when the output is being
+        fed to a browser's Javascript, it makes for smaller output and the
+        browser can handle the output just fine.
+    - "useSpecialFloats": false or true
+      - If true, outputs non-finite floating point values in the following way:
+        NaN values as "NaN", positive infinity as "Infinity", and negative infinity
+        as "-Infinity".
+
+    You can examine 'settings_` yourself
+    to see the defaults. You can also write and read them just like any
+    JSON Value.
+    \sa setDefaults()
+    */
+  Json::Value settings_;
+
+  StreamWriterBuilder();
+  ~StreamWriterBuilder() override;
+
+  /**
+   * \throw std::exception if something goes wrong (e.g. invalid settings)
+   */
+  StreamWriter* newStreamWriter() const override;
+
+  /** \return true if 'settings' are legal and consistent;
+   *   otherwise, indicate bad settings via 'invalid'.
+   */
+  bool validate(Json::Value* invalid) const;
+  /** A simple way to update a specific setting.
+   */
+  Value& operator[](std::string key);
+
+  /** Called by ctor, but you can use this to reset settings_.
+   * \pre 'settings' != NULL (but Json::null is fine)
+   * \remark Defaults:
+   * \snippet src/lib_json/json_writer.cpp StreamWriterBuilderDefaults
+   */
+  static void setDefaults(Json::Value* settings);
+};
+
+/** \brief Abstract class for writers.
+ * \deprecated Use StreamWriter. (And really, this is an implementation detail.)
+ */
+class JSON_API Writer {
+public:
+  virtual ~Writer();
+
+  virtual std::string write(const Value& root) = 0;
+};
+
+/** \brief Outputs a Value in <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> format
+ *without formatting (not human friendly).
+ *
+ * The JSON document is written in a single line. It is not intended for 'human'
+ *consumption,
+ * but may be usefull to support feature such as RPC where bandwith is limited.
+ * \sa Reader, Value
+ * \deprecated Use StreamWriterBuilder.
+ */
+class JSON_API FastWriter : public Writer {
+
+public:
+  FastWriter();
+  ~FastWriter() override {}
+
+  void enableYAMLCompatibility();
+
+  /** \brief Drop the "null" string from the writer's output for nullValues.
+   * Strictly speaking, this is not valid JSON. But when the output is being
+   * fed to a browser's Javascript, it makes for smaller output and the
+   * browser can handle the output just fine.
+   */
+  void dropNullPlaceholders();
+
+  void omitEndingLineFeed();
+
+public: // overridden from Writer
+  std::string write(const Value& root) override;
+
+private:
+  void writeValue(const Value& value);
+
+  std::string document_;
+  bool yamlCompatiblityEnabled_;
+  bool dropNullPlaceholders_;
+  bool omitEndingLineFeed_;
+};
+
+/** \brief Writes a Value in <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> format in a
+ *human friendly way.
+ *
+ * The rules for line break and indent are as follow:
+ * - Object value:
+ *     - if empty then print {} without indent and line break
+ *     - if not empty the print '{', line break & indent, print one value per
+ *line
+ *       and then unindent and line break and print '}'.
+ * - Array value:
+ *     - if empty then print [] without indent and line break
+ *     - if the array contains no object value, empty array or some other value
+ *types,
+ *       and all the values fit on one lines, then print the array on a single
+ *line.
+ *     - otherwise, it the values do not fit on one line, or the array contains
+ *       object or non empty array, then print one value per line.
+ *
+ * If the Value have comments then they are outputed according to their
+ *#CommentPlacement.
+ *
+ * \sa Reader, Value, Value::setComment()
+ * \deprecated Use StreamWriterBuilder.
+ */
+class JSON_API StyledWriter : public Writer {
+public:
+  StyledWriter();
+  ~StyledWriter() override {}
+
+public: // overridden from Writer
+  /** \brief Serialize a Value in <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> format.
+   * \param root Value to serialize.
+   * \return String containing the JSON document that represents the root value.
+   */
+  std::string write(const Value& root) override;
+
+private:
+  void writeValue(const Value& value);
+  void writeArrayValue(const Value& value);
+  bool isMultineArray(const Value& value);
+  void pushValue(const std::string& value);
+  void writeIndent();
+  void writeWithIndent(const std::string& value);
+  void indent();
+  void unindent();
+  void writeCommentBeforeValue(const Value& root);
+  void writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(const Value& root);
+  bool hasCommentForValue(const Value& value);
+  static std::string normalizeEOL(const std::string& text);
+
+  typedef std::vector<std::string> ChildValues;
+
+  ChildValues childValues_;
+  std::string document_;
+  std::string indentString_;
+  int rightMargin_;
+  int indentSize_;
+  bool addChildValues_;
+};
+
+/** \brief Writes a Value in <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> format in a
+ human friendly way,
+     to a stream rather than to a string.
+ *
+ * The rules for line break and indent are as follow:
+ * - Object value:
+ *     - if empty then print {} without indent and line break
+ *     - if not empty the print '{', line break & indent, print one value per
+ line
+ *       and then unindent and line break and print '}'.
+ * - Array value:
+ *     - if empty then print [] without indent and line break
+ *     - if the array contains no object value, empty array or some other value
+ types,
+ *       and all the values fit on one lines, then print the array on a single
+ line.
+ *     - otherwise, it the values do not fit on one line, or the array contains
+ *       object or non empty array, then print one value per line.
+ *
+ * If the Value have comments then they are outputed according to their
+ #CommentPlacement.
+ *
+ * \param indentation Each level will be indented by this amount extra.
+ * \sa Reader, Value, Value::setComment()
+ * \deprecated Use StreamWriterBuilder.
+ */
+class JSON_API StyledStreamWriter {
+public:
+  StyledStreamWriter(std::string indentation = "\t");
+  ~StyledStreamWriter() {}
+
+public:
+  /** \brief Serialize a Value in <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> format.
+   * \param out Stream to write to. (Can be ostringstream, e.g.)
+   * \param root Value to serialize.
+   * \note There is no point in deriving from Writer, since write() should not
+   * return a value.
+   */
+  void write(std::ostream& out, const Value& root);
+
+private:
+  void writeValue(const Value& value);
+  void writeArrayValue(const Value& value);
+  bool isMultineArray(const Value& value);
+  void pushValue(const std::string& value);
+  void writeIndent();
+  void writeWithIndent(const std::string& value);
+  void indent();
+  void unindent();
+  void writeCommentBeforeValue(const Value& root);
+  void writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(const Value& root);
+  bool hasCommentForValue(const Value& value);
+  static std::string normalizeEOL(const std::string& text);
+
+  typedef std::vector<std::string> ChildValues;
+
+  ChildValues childValues_;
+  std::ostream* document_;
+  std::string indentString_;
+  int rightMargin_;
+  std::string indentation_;
+  bool addChildValues_ : 1;
+  bool indented_ : 1;
+};
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+std::string JSON_API valueToString(Int value);
+std::string JSON_API valueToString(UInt value);
+#endif // if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+std::string JSON_API valueToString(LargestInt value);
+std::string JSON_API valueToString(LargestUInt value);
+std::string JSON_API valueToString(double value);
+std::string JSON_API valueToString(bool value);
+std::string JSON_API valueToQuotedString(const char* value);
+
+/// \brief Output using the StyledStreamWriter.
+/// \see Json::operator>>()
+JSON_API std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Value& root);
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+#if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif // if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+
+#endif // JSON_WRITER_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/writer.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/assertions.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef CPPTL_JSON_ASSERTIONS_H_INCLUDED
+#define CPPTL_JSON_ASSERTIONS_H_INCLUDED
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include "config.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+
+/** It should not be possible for a maliciously designed file to
+ *  cause an abort() or seg-fault, so these macros are used only
+ *  for pre-condition violations and internal logic errors.
+ */
+#if JSON_USE_EXCEPTION
+
+// @todo <= add detail about condition in exception
+# define JSON_ASSERT(condition)                                                \
+  {if (!(condition)) {Json::throwLogicError( "assert json failed" );}}
+
+# define JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE(message)                                            \
+  {                                                                            \
+    std::ostringstream oss; oss << message;                                    \
+    Json::throwLogicError(oss.str());                                          \
+    abort();                                                                   \
+  }
+
+#else // JSON_USE_EXCEPTION
+
+# define JSON_ASSERT(condition) assert(condition)
+
+// The call to assert() will show the failure message in debug builds. In
+// release builds we abort, for a core-dump or debugger.
+# define JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE(message)                                            \
+  {                                                                            \
+    std::ostringstream oss; oss << message;                                    \
+    assert(false && oss.str().c_str());                                        \
+    abort();                                                                   \
+  }
+
+
+#endif
+
+#define JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(condition, message)                                \
+  if (!(condition)) {                                                          \
+    JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE(message);                                                \
+  }
+
+#endif // CPPTL_JSON_ASSERTIONS_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/assertions.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+#endif //ifndef JSON_AMALGATED_H_INCLUDED
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/third_party/jsoncpp/jsoncpp.cpp b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/third_party/jsoncpp/jsoncpp.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d3e0f2f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/third_party/jsoncpp/jsoncpp.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5192 @@
+/// Json-cpp amalgated source (http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/).
+/// It is intended to be used with #include "json/json.h"
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: LICENSE
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/*
+The JsonCpp library's source code, including accompanying documentation,
+tests and demonstration applications, are licensed under the following
+conditions...
+
+The author (Baptiste Lepilleur) explicitly disclaims copyright in all
+jurisdictions which recognize such a disclaimer. In such jurisdictions,
+this software is released into the Public Domain.
+
+In jurisdictions which do not recognize Public Domain property (e.g. Germany as of
+2010), this software is Copyright (c) 2007-2010 by Baptiste Lepilleur, and is
+released under the terms of the MIT License (see below).
+
+In jurisdictions which recognize Public Domain property, the user of this
+software may choose to accept it either as 1) Public Domain, 2) under the
+conditions of the MIT License (see below), or 3) under the terms of dual
+Public Domain/MIT License conditions described here, as they choose.
+
+The MIT License is about as close to Public Domain as a license can get, and is
+described in clear, concise terms at:
+
+   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License
+
+The full text of the MIT License follows:
+
+========================================================================
+Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+========================================================================
+(END LICENSE TEXT)
+
+The MIT license is compatible with both the GPL and commercial
+software, affording one all of the rights of Public Domain with the
+minor nuisance of being required to keep the above copyright notice
+and license text in the source code. Note also that by accepting the
+Public Domain "license" you can re-license your copy using whatever
+license you like.
+
+*/
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: LICENSE
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+#include "third_party/jsoncpp/json.h"
+
+#ifndef JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION
+#error "Compile with -I PATH_TO_JSON_DIRECTORY"
+#endif
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: src/lib_json/json_tool.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef LIB_JSONCPP_JSON_TOOL_H_INCLUDED
+#define LIB_JSONCPP_JSON_TOOL_H_INCLUDED
+
+/* This header provides common string manipulation support, such as UTF-8,
+ * portable conversion from/to string...
+ *
+ * It is an internal header that must not be exposed.
+ */
+
+namespace Json {
+
+/// Converts a unicode code-point to UTF-8.
+static inline std::string codePointToUTF8(unsigned int cp) {
+  std::string result;
+
+  // based on description from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
+
+  if (cp <= 0x7f) {
+    result.resize(1);
+    result[0] = static_cast<char>(cp);
+  } else if (cp <= 0x7FF) {
+    result.resize(2);
+    result[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (0x3f & cp));
+    result[0] = static_cast<char>(0xC0 | (0x1f & (cp >> 6)));
+  } else if (cp <= 0xFFFF) {
+    result.resize(3);
+    result[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (0x3f & cp));
+    result[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (0x3f & (cp >> 6)));
+    result[0] = static_cast<char>(0xE0 | (0xf & (cp >> 12)));
+  } else if (cp <= 0x10FFFF) {
+    result.resize(4);
+    result[3] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (0x3f & cp));
+    result[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (0x3f & (cp >> 6)));
+    result[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (0x3f & (cp >> 12)));
+    result[0] = static_cast<char>(0xF0 | (0x7 & (cp >> 18)));
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/// Returns true if ch is a control character (in range [1,31]).
+static inline bool isControlCharacter(char ch) { return ch > 0 && ch <= 0x1F; }
+
+enum {
+  /// Constant that specify the size of the buffer that must be passed to
+  /// uintToString.
+  uintToStringBufferSize = 3 * sizeof(LargestUInt) + 1
+};
+
+// Defines a char buffer for use with uintToString().
+typedef char UIntToStringBuffer[uintToStringBufferSize];
+
+/** Converts an unsigned integer to string.
+ * @param value Unsigned interger to convert to string
+ * @param current Input/Output string buffer.
+ *        Must have at least uintToStringBufferSize chars free.
+ */
+static inline void uintToString(LargestUInt value, char*& current) {
+  *--current = 0;
+  do {
+    *--current = static_cast<signed char>(value % 10U + static_cast<unsigned>('0'));
+    value /= 10;
+  } while (value != 0);
+}
+
+/** Change ',' to '.' everywhere in buffer.
+ *
+ * We had a sophisticated way, but it did not work in WinCE.
+ * @see https://github.com/open-source-parsers/jsoncpp/pull/9
+ */
+static inline void fixNumericLocale(char* begin, char* end) {
+  while (begin < end) {
+    if (*begin == ',') {
+      *begin = '.';
+    }
+    ++begin;
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace Json {
+
+#endif // LIB_JSONCPP_JSON_TOOL_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: src/lib_json/json_tool.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: src/lib_json/json_reader.cpp
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2011 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <json/assertions.h>
+#include <json/reader.h>
+#include <json/value.h>
+#include "json_tool.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <utility>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <istream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <limits>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#if !defined(WINCE) && defined(__STDC_SECURE_LIB__) && _MSC_VER >= 1500 // VC++ 9.0 and above
+#define snprintf sprintf_s
+#elif _MSC_VER >= 1900 // VC++ 14.0 and above
+#define snprintf std::snprintf
+#else
+#define snprintf _snprintf
+#endif
+#elif defined(__ANDROID__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
+#define snprintf snprintf
+#elif __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#define snprintf std::snprintf
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__QNXNTO__)
+#define sscanf std::sscanf
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400 // VC++ 8.0
+// Disable warning about strdup being deprecated.
+#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
+#endif
+
+static int const stackLimit_g = 1000;
+static int       stackDepth_g = 0;  // see readValue()
+
+namespace Json {
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L || (defined(_CPPLIB_VER) && _CPPLIB_VER >= 520)
+typedef std::unique_ptr<CharReader> CharReaderPtr;
+#else
+typedef std::auto_ptr<CharReader>   CharReaderPtr;
+#endif
+
+// Implementation of class Features
+// ////////////////////////////////
+
+Features::Features()
+    : allowComments_(true), strictRoot_(false),
+      allowDroppedNullPlaceholders_(false), allowNumericKeys_(false) {}
+
+Features Features::all() { return Features(); }
+
+Features Features::strictMode() {
+  Features features;
+  features.allowComments_ = false;
+  features.strictRoot_ = true;
+  features.allowDroppedNullPlaceholders_ = false;
+  features.allowNumericKeys_ = false;
+  return features;
+}
+
+// Implementation of class Reader
+// ////////////////////////////////
+
+static bool containsNewLine(Reader::Location begin, Reader::Location end) {
+  for (; begin < end; ++begin)
+    if (*begin == '\n' || *begin == '\r')
+      return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Class Reader
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+Reader::Reader()
+    : errors_(), document_(), begin_(), end_(), current_(), lastValueEnd_(),
+      lastValue_(), commentsBefore_(), features_(Features::all()),
+      collectComments_() {}
+
+Reader::Reader(const Features& features)
+    : errors_(), document_(), begin_(), end_(), current_(), lastValueEnd_(),
+      lastValue_(), commentsBefore_(), features_(features), collectComments_() {
+}
+
+bool
+Reader::parse(const std::string& document, Value& root, bool collectComments) {
+  document_ = document;
+  const char* begin = document_.c_str();
+  const char* end = begin + document_.length();
+  return parse(begin, end, root, collectComments);
+}
+
+bool Reader::parse(std::istream& sin, Value& root, bool collectComments) {
+  // std::istream_iterator<char> begin(sin);
+  // std::istream_iterator<char> end;
+  // Those would allow streamed input from a file, if parse() were a
+  // template function.
+
+  // Since std::string is reference-counted, this at least does not
+  // create an extra copy.
+  std::string doc;
+  std::getline(sin, doc, (char)EOF);
+  return parse(doc, root, collectComments);
+}
+
+bool Reader::parse(const char* beginDoc,
+                   const char* endDoc,
+                   Value& root,
+                   bool collectComments) {
+  if (!features_.allowComments_) {
+    collectComments = false;
+  }
+
+  begin_ = beginDoc;
+  end_ = endDoc;
+  collectComments_ = collectComments;
+  current_ = begin_;
+  lastValueEnd_ = 0;
+  lastValue_ = 0;
+  commentsBefore_ = "";
+  errors_.clear();
+  while (!nodes_.empty())
+    nodes_.pop();
+  nodes_.push(&root);
+
+  stackDepth_g = 0;  // Yes, this is bad coding, but options are limited.
+  bool successful = readValue();
+  Token token;
+  skipCommentTokens(token);
+  if (collectComments_ && !commentsBefore_.empty())
+    root.setComment(commentsBefore_, commentAfter);
+  if (features_.strictRoot_) {
+    if (!root.isArray() && !root.isObject()) {
+      // Set error location to start of doc, ideally should be first token found
+      // in doc
+      token.type_ = tokenError;
+      token.start_ = beginDoc;
+      token.end_ = endDoc;
+      addError(
+          "A valid JSON document must be either an array or an object value.",
+          token);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return successful;
+}
+
+bool Reader::readValue() {
+  // This is a non-reentrant way to support a stackLimit. Terrible!
+  // But this deprecated class has a security problem: Bad input can
+  // cause a seg-fault. This seems like a fair, binary-compatible way
+  // to prevent the problem.
+  if (stackDepth_g >= stackLimit_g) throwRuntimeError("Exceeded stackLimit in readValue().");
+  ++stackDepth_g;
+
+  Token token;
+  skipCommentTokens(token);
+  bool successful = true;
+
+  if (collectComments_ && !commentsBefore_.empty()) {
+    currentValue().setComment(commentsBefore_, commentBefore);
+    commentsBefore_ = "";
+  }
+
+  switch (token.type_) {
+  case tokenObjectBegin:
+    successful = readObject(token);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(current_ - begin_);
+    break;
+  case tokenArrayBegin:
+    successful = readArray(token);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(current_ - begin_);
+    break;
+  case tokenNumber:
+    successful = decodeNumber(token);
+    break;
+  case tokenString:
+    successful = decodeString(token);
+    break;
+  case tokenTrue:
+    {
+    Value v(true);
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenFalse:
+    {
+    Value v(false);
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenNull:
+    {
+    Value v;
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenArraySeparator:
+  case tokenObjectEnd:
+  case tokenArrayEnd:
+    if (features_.allowDroppedNullPlaceholders_) {
+      // "Un-read" the current token and mark the current value as a null
+      // token.
+      current_--;
+      Value v;
+      currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+      currentValue().setOffsetStart(current_ - begin_ - 1);
+      currentValue().setOffsetLimit(current_ - begin_);
+      break;
+    } // Else, fall through...
+  default:
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    return addError("Syntax error: value, object or array expected.", token);
+  }
+
+  if (collectComments_) {
+    lastValueEnd_ = current_;
+    lastValue_ = &currentValue();
+  }
+
+  --stackDepth_g;
+  return successful;
+}
+
+void Reader::skipCommentTokens(Token& token) {
+  if (features_.allowComments_) {
+    do {
+      readToken(token);
+    } while (token.type_ == tokenComment);
+  } else {
+    readToken(token);
+  }
+}
+
+bool Reader::readToken(Token& token) {
+  skipSpaces();
+  token.start_ = current_;
+  Char c = getNextChar();
+  bool ok = true;
+  switch (c) {
+  case '{':
+    token.type_ = tokenObjectBegin;
+    break;
+  case '}':
+    token.type_ = tokenObjectEnd;
+    break;
+  case '[':
+    token.type_ = tokenArrayBegin;
+    break;
+  case ']':
+    token.type_ = tokenArrayEnd;
+    break;
+  case '"':
+    token.type_ = tokenString;
+    ok = readString();
+    break;
+  case '/':
+    token.type_ = tokenComment;
+    ok = readComment();
+    break;
+  case '0':
+  case '1':
+  case '2':
+  case '3':
+  case '4':
+  case '5':
+  case '6':
+  case '7':
+  case '8':
+  case '9':
+  case '-':
+    token.type_ = tokenNumber;
+    readNumber();
+    break;
+  case 't':
+    token.type_ = tokenTrue;
+    ok = match("rue", 3);
+    break;
+  case 'f':
+    token.type_ = tokenFalse;
+    ok = match("alse", 4);
+    break;
+  case 'n':
+    token.type_ = tokenNull;
+    ok = match("ull", 3);
+    break;
+  case ',':
+    token.type_ = tokenArraySeparator;
+    break;
+  case ':':
+    token.type_ = tokenMemberSeparator;
+    break;
+  case 0:
+    token.type_ = tokenEndOfStream;
+    break;
+  default:
+    ok = false;
+    break;
+  }
+  if (!ok)
+    token.type_ = tokenError;
+  token.end_ = current_;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Reader::skipSpaces() {
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    Char c = *current_;
+    if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
+      ++current_;
+    else
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Reader::match(Location pattern, int patternLength) {
+  if (end_ - current_ < patternLength)
+    return false;
+  int index = patternLength;
+  while (index--)
+    if (current_[index] != pattern[index])
+      return false;
+  current_ += patternLength;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::readComment() {
+  Location commentBegin = current_ - 1;
+  Char c = getNextChar();
+  bool successful = false;
+  if (c == '*')
+    successful = readCStyleComment();
+  else if (c == '/')
+    successful = readCppStyleComment();
+  if (!successful)
+    return false;
+
+  if (collectComments_) {
+    CommentPlacement placement = commentBefore;
+    if (lastValueEnd_ && !containsNewLine(lastValueEnd_, commentBegin)) {
+      if (c != '*' || !containsNewLine(commentBegin, current_))
+        placement = commentAfterOnSameLine;
+    }
+
+    addComment(commentBegin, current_, placement);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static std::string normalizeEOL(Reader::Location begin, Reader::Location end) {
+  std::string normalized;
+  normalized.reserve(end - begin);
+  Reader::Location current = begin;
+  while (current != end) {
+    char c = *current++;
+    if (c == '\r') {
+      if (current != end && *current == '\n')
+         // convert dos EOL
+         ++current;
+      // convert Mac EOL
+      normalized += '\n';
+    } else {
+      normalized += c;
+    }
+  }
+  return normalized;
+}
+
+void
+Reader::addComment(Location begin, Location end, CommentPlacement placement) {
+  assert(collectComments_);
+  const std::string& normalized = normalizeEOL(begin, end);
+  if (placement == commentAfterOnSameLine) {
+    assert(lastValue_ != 0);
+    lastValue_->setComment(normalized, placement);
+  } else {
+    commentsBefore_ += normalized;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Reader::readCStyleComment() {
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    Char c = getNextChar();
+    if (c == '*' && *current_ == '/')
+      break;
+  }
+  return getNextChar() == '/';
+}
+
+bool Reader::readCppStyleComment() {
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    Char c = getNextChar();
+    if (c == '\n')
+      break;
+    if (c == '\r') {
+      // Consume DOS EOL. It will be normalized in addComment.
+      if (current_ != end_ && *current_ == '\n')
+        getNextChar();
+      // Break on Moc OS 9 EOL.
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Reader::readNumber() {
+  const char *p = current_;
+  char c = '0'; // stopgap for already consumed character
+  // integral part
+  while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+    c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+  // fractional part
+  if (c == '.') {
+    c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+    while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+      c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+  }
+  // exponential part
+  if (c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
+    c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+    if (c == '+' || c == '-')
+      c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+    while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+      c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Reader::readString() {
+  Char c = 0;
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    c = getNextChar();
+    if (c == '\\')
+      getNextChar();
+    else if (c == '"')
+      break;
+  }
+  return c == '"';
+}
+
+bool Reader::readObject(Token& tokenStart) {
+  Token tokenName;
+  std::string name;
+  Value init(objectValue);
+  currentValue().swapPayload(init);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(tokenStart.start_ - begin_);
+  while (readToken(tokenName)) {
+    bool initialTokenOk = true;
+    while (tokenName.type_ == tokenComment && initialTokenOk)
+      initialTokenOk = readToken(tokenName);
+    if (!initialTokenOk)
+      break;
+    if (tokenName.type_ == tokenObjectEnd && name.empty()) // empty object
+      return true;
+    name = "";
+    if (tokenName.type_ == tokenString) {
+      if (!decodeString(tokenName, name))
+        return recoverFromError(tokenObjectEnd);
+    } else if (tokenName.type_ == tokenNumber && features_.allowNumericKeys_) {
+      Value numberName;
+      if (!decodeNumber(tokenName, numberName))
+        return recoverFromError(tokenObjectEnd);
+      name = numberName.asString();
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    Token colon;
+    if (!readToken(colon) || colon.type_ != tokenMemberSeparator) {
+      return addErrorAndRecover(
+          "Missing ':' after object member name", colon, tokenObjectEnd);
+    }
+    Value& value = currentValue()[name];
+    nodes_.push(&value);
+    bool ok = readValue();
+    nodes_.pop();
+    if (!ok) // error already set
+      return recoverFromError(tokenObjectEnd);
+
+    Token comma;
+    if (!readToken(comma) ||
+        (comma.type_ != tokenObjectEnd && comma.type_ != tokenArraySeparator &&
+         comma.type_ != tokenComment)) {
+      return addErrorAndRecover(
+          "Missing ',' or '}' in object declaration", comma, tokenObjectEnd);
+    }
+    bool finalizeTokenOk = true;
+    while (comma.type_ == tokenComment && finalizeTokenOk)
+      finalizeTokenOk = readToken(comma);
+    if (comma.type_ == tokenObjectEnd)
+      return true;
+  }
+  return addErrorAndRecover(
+      "Missing '}' or object member name", tokenName, tokenObjectEnd);
+}
+
+bool Reader::readArray(Token& tokenStart) {
+  Value init(arrayValue);
+  currentValue().swapPayload(init);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(tokenStart.start_ - begin_);
+  skipSpaces();
+  if (*current_ == ']') // empty array
+  {
+    Token endArray;
+    readToken(endArray);
+    return true;
+  }
+  int index = 0;
+  for (;;) {
+    Value& value = currentValue()[index++];
+    nodes_.push(&value);
+    bool ok = readValue();
+    nodes_.pop();
+    if (!ok) // error already set
+      return recoverFromError(tokenArrayEnd);
+
+    Token token;
+    // Accept Comment after last item in the array.
+    ok = readToken(token);
+    while (token.type_ == tokenComment && ok) {
+      ok = readToken(token);
+    }
+    bool badTokenType =
+        (token.type_ != tokenArraySeparator && token.type_ != tokenArrayEnd);
+    if (!ok || badTokenType) {
+      return addErrorAndRecover(
+          "Missing ',' or ']' in array declaration", token, tokenArrayEnd);
+    }
+    if (token.type_ == tokenArrayEnd)
+      break;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeNumber(Token& token) {
+  Value decoded;
+  if (!decodeNumber(token, decoded))
+    return false;
+  currentValue().swapPayload(decoded);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+  currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeNumber(Token& token, Value& decoded) {
+  // Attempts to parse the number as an integer. If the number is
+  // larger than the maximum supported value of an integer then
+  // we decode the number as a double.
+  Location current = token.start_;
+  bool isNegative = *current == '-';
+  if (isNegative)
+    ++current;
+  // TODO: Help the compiler do the div and mod at compile time or get rid of them.
+  Value::LargestUInt maxIntegerValue =
+      isNegative ? Value::LargestUInt(Value::maxLargestInt) + 1
+                 : Value::maxLargestUInt;
+  Value::LargestUInt threshold = maxIntegerValue / 10;
+  Value::LargestUInt value = 0;
+  while (current < token.end_) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    if (c < '0' || c > '9')
+      return decodeDouble(token, decoded);
+    Value::UInt digit(c - '0');
+    if (value >= threshold) {
+      // We've hit or exceeded the max value divided by 10 (rounded down). If
+      // a) we've only just touched the limit, b) this is the last digit, and
+      // c) it's small enough to fit in that rounding delta, we're okay.
+      // Otherwise treat this number as a double to avoid overflow.
+      if (value > threshold || current != token.end_ ||
+          digit > maxIntegerValue % 10) {
+        return decodeDouble(token, decoded);
+      }
+    }
+    value = value * 10 + digit;
+  }
+  if (isNegative && value == maxIntegerValue)
+    decoded = Value::minLargestInt;
+  else if (isNegative)
+    decoded = -Value::LargestInt(value);
+  else if (value <= Value::LargestUInt(Value::maxInt))
+    decoded = Value::LargestInt(value);
+  else
+    decoded = value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeDouble(Token& token) {
+  Value decoded;
+  if (!decodeDouble(token, decoded))
+    return false;
+  currentValue().swapPayload(decoded);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+  currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeDouble(Token& token, Value& decoded) {
+  double value = 0;
+  std::string buffer(token.start_, token.end_);
+  std::istringstream is(buffer);
+  if (!(is >> value))
+    return addError("'" + std::string(token.start_, token.end_) +
+                        "' is not a number.",
+                    token);
+  decoded = value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeString(Token& token) {
+  std::string decoded_string;
+  if (!decodeString(token, decoded_string))
+    return false;
+  Value decoded(decoded_string);
+  currentValue().swapPayload(decoded);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+  currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeString(Token& token, std::string& decoded) {
+  decoded.reserve(token.end_ - token.start_ - 2);
+  Location current = token.start_ + 1; // skip '"'
+  Location end = token.end_ - 1;       // do not include '"'
+  while (current != end) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    if (c == '"')
+      break;
+    else if (c == '\\') {
+      if (current == end)
+        return addError("Empty escape sequence in string", token, current);
+      Char escape = *current++;
+      switch (escape) {
+      case '"':
+        decoded += '"';
+        break;
+      case '/':
+        decoded += '/';
+        break;
+      case '\\':
+        decoded += '\\';
+        break;
+      case 'b':
+        decoded += '\b';
+        break;
+      case 'f':
+        decoded += '\f';
+        break;
+      case 'n':
+        decoded += '\n';
+        break;
+      case 'r':
+        decoded += '\r';
+        break;
+      case 't':
+        decoded += '\t';
+        break;
+      case 'u': {
+        unsigned int unicode;
+        if (!decodeUnicodeCodePoint(token, current, end, unicode))
+          return false;
+        decoded += codePointToUTF8(unicode);
+      } break;
+      default:
+        return addError("Bad escape sequence in string", token, current);
+      }
+    } else {
+      decoded += c;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeUnicodeCodePoint(Token& token,
+                                    Location& current,
+                                    Location end,
+                                    unsigned int& unicode) {
+
+  if (!decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(token, current, end, unicode))
+    return false;
+  if (unicode >= 0xD800 && unicode <= 0xDBFF) {
+    // surrogate pairs
+    if (end - current < 6)
+      return addError(
+          "additional six characters expected to parse unicode surrogate pair.",
+          token,
+          current);
+    unsigned int surrogatePair;
+    if (*(current++) == '\\' && *(current++) == 'u') {
+      if (decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(token, current, end, surrogatePair)) {
+        unicode = 0x10000 + ((unicode & 0x3FF) << 10) + (surrogatePair & 0x3FF);
+      } else
+        return false;
+    } else
+      return addError("expecting another \\u token to begin the second half of "
+                      "a unicode surrogate pair",
+                      token,
+                      current);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(Token& token,
+                                         Location& current,
+                                         Location end,
+                                         unsigned int& unicode) {
+  if (end - current < 4)
+    return addError(
+        "Bad unicode escape sequence in string: four digits expected.",
+        token,
+        current);
+  unicode = 0;
+  for (int index = 0; index < 4; ++index) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    unicode *= 16;
+    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+      unicode += c - '0';
+    else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+      unicode += c - 'a' + 10;
+    else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
+      unicode += c - 'A' + 10;
+    else
+      return addError(
+          "Bad unicode escape sequence in string: hexadecimal digit expected.",
+          token,
+          current);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool
+Reader::addError(const std::string& message, Token& token, Location extra) {
+  ErrorInfo info;
+  info.token_ = token;
+  info.message_ = message;
+  info.extra_ = extra;
+  errors_.push_back(info);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Reader::recoverFromError(TokenType skipUntilToken) {
+  int errorCount = int(errors_.size());
+  Token skip;
+  for (;;) {
+    if (!readToken(skip))
+      errors_.resize(errorCount); // discard errors caused by recovery
+    if (skip.type_ == skipUntilToken || skip.type_ == tokenEndOfStream)
+      break;
+  }
+  errors_.resize(errorCount);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Reader::addErrorAndRecover(const std::string& message,
+                                Token& token,
+                                TokenType skipUntilToken) {
+  addError(message, token);
+  return recoverFromError(skipUntilToken);
+}
+
+Value& Reader::currentValue() { return *(nodes_.top()); }
+
+Reader::Char Reader::getNextChar() {
+  if (current_ == end_)
+    return 0;
+  return *current_++;
+}
+
+void Reader::getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location,
+                                      int& line,
+                                      int& column) const {
+  Location current = begin_;
+  Location lastLineStart = current;
+  line = 0;
+  while (current < location && current != end_) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    if (c == '\r') {
+      if (*current == '\n')
+        ++current;
+      lastLineStart = current;
+      ++line;
+    } else if (c == '\n') {
+      lastLineStart = current;
+      ++line;
+    }
+  }
+  // column & line start at 1
+  column = int(location - lastLineStart) + 1;
+  ++line;
+}
+
+std::string Reader::getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location) const {
+  int line, column;
+  getLocationLineAndColumn(location, line, column);
+  char buffer[18 + 16 + 16 + 1];
+  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "Line %d, Column %d", line, column);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+// Deprecated. Preserved for backward compatibility
+std::string Reader::getFormatedErrorMessages() const {
+  return getFormattedErrorMessages();
+}
+
+std::string Reader::getFormattedErrorMessages() const {
+  std::string formattedMessage;
+  for (Errors::const_iterator itError = errors_.begin();
+       itError != errors_.end();
+       ++itError) {
+    const ErrorInfo& error = *itError;
+    formattedMessage +=
+        "* " + getLocationLineAndColumn(error.token_.start_) + "\n";
+    formattedMessage += "  " + error.message_ + "\n";
+    if (error.extra_)
+      formattedMessage +=
+          "See " + getLocationLineAndColumn(error.extra_) + " for detail.\n";
+  }
+  return formattedMessage;
+}
+
+std::vector<Reader::StructuredError> Reader::getStructuredErrors() const {
+  std::vector<Reader::StructuredError> allErrors;
+  for (Errors::const_iterator itError = errors_.begin();
+       itError != errors_.end();
+       ++itError) {
+    const ErrorInfo& error = *itError;
+    Reader::StructuredError structured;
+    structured.offset_start = error.token_.start_ - begin_;
+    structured.offset_limit = error.token_.end_ - begin_;
+    structured.message = error.message_;
+    allErrors.push_back(structured);
+  }
+  return allErrors;
+}
+
+bool Reader::pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message) {
+  size_t length = end_ - begin_;
+  if(value.getOffsetStart() > length
+    || value.getOffsetLimit() > length)
+    return false;
+  Token token;
+  token.type_ = tokenError;
+  token.start_ = begin_ + value.getOffsetStart();
+  token.end_ = end_ + value.getOffsetLimit();
+  ErrorInfo info;
+  info.token_ = token;
+  info.message_ = message;
+  info.extra_ = 0;
+  errors_.push_back(info);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message, const Value& extra) {
+  size_t length = end_ - begin_;
+  if(value.getOffsetStart() > length
+    || value.getOffsetLimit() > length
+    || extra.getOffsetLimit() > length)
+    return false;
+  Token token;
+  token.type_ = tokenError;
+  token.start_ = begin_ + value.getOffsetStart();
+  token.end_ = begin_ + value.getOffsetLimit();
+  ErrorInfo info;
+  info.token_ = token;
+  info.message_ = message;
+  info.extra_ = begin_ + extra.getOffsetStart();
+  errors_.push_back(info);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::good() const {
+  return !errors_.size();
+}
+
+// exact copy of Features
+class OurFeatures {
+public:
+  static OurFeatures all();
+  bool allowComments_;
+  bool strictRoot_;
+  bool allowDroppedNullPlaceholders_;
+  bool allowNumericKeys_;
+  bool allowSingleQuotes_;
+  bool failIfExtra_;
+  bool rejectDupKeys_;
+  bool allowSpecialFloats_;
+  int stackLimit_;
+};  // OurFeatures
+
+// exact copy of Implementation of class Features
+// ////////////////////////////////
+
+OurFeatures OurFeatures::all() { return OurFeatures(); }
+
+// Implementation of class Reader
+// ////////////////////////////////
+
+// exact copy of Reader, renamed to OurReader
+class OurReader {
+public:
+  typedef char Char;
+  typedef const Char* Location;
+  struct StructuredError {
+    size_t offset_start;
+    size_t offset_limit;
+    std::string message;
+  };
+
+  OurReader(OurFeatures const& features);
+  bool parse(const char* beginDoc,
+             const char* endDoc,
+             Value& root,
+             bool collectComments = true);
+  std::string getFormattedErrorMessages() const;
+  std::vector<StructuredError> getStructuredErrors() const;
+  bool pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message);
+  bool pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message, const Value& extra);
+  bool good() const;
+
+private:
+  OurReader(OurReader const&);  // no impl
+  void operator=(OurReader const&);  // no impl
+
+  enum TokenType {
+    tokenEndOfStream = 0,
+    tokenObjectBegin,
+    tokenObjectEnd,
+    tokenArrayBegin,
+    tokenArrayEnd,
+    tokenString,
+    tokenNumber,
+    tokenTrue,
+    tokenFalse,
+    tokenNull,
+    tokenNaN,
+    tokenPosInf,
+    tokenNegInf,
+    tokenArraySeparator,
+    tokenMemberSeparator,
+    tokenComment,
+    tokenError
+  };
+
+  class Token {
+  public:
+    TokenType type_;
+    Location start_;
+    Location end_;
+  };
+
+  class ErrorInfo {
+  public:
+    Token token_;
+    std::string message_;
+    Location extra_;
+  };
+
+  typedef std::deque<ErrorInfo> Errors;
+
+  bool readToken(Token& token);
+  void skipSpaces();
+  bool match(Location pattern, int patternLength);
+  bool readComment();
+  bool readCStyleComment();
+  bool readCppStyleComment();
+  bool readString();
+  bool readStringSingleQuote();
+  bool readNumber(bool checkInf);
+  bool readValue();
+  bool readObject(Token& token);
+  bool readArray(Token& token);
+  bool decodeNumber(Token& token);
+  bool decodeNumber(Token& token, Value& decoded);
+  bool decodeString(Token& token);
+  bool decodeString(Token& token, std::string& decoded);
+  bool decodeDouble(Token& token);
+  bool decodeDouble(Token& token, Value& decoded);
+  bool decodeUnicodeCodePoint(Token& token,
+                              Location& current,
+                              Location end,
+                              unsigned int& unicode);
+  bool decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(Token& token,
+                                   Location& current,
+                                   Location end,
+                                   unsigned int& unicode);
+  bool addError(const std::string& message, Token& token, Location extra = 0);
+  bool recoverFromError(TokenType skipUntilToken);
+  bool addErrorAndRecover(const std::string& message,
+                          Token& token,
+                          TokenType skipUntilToken);
+  void skipUntilSpace();
+  Value& currentValue();
+  Char getNextChar();
+  void
+  getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location, int& line, int& column) const;
+  std::string getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location) const;
+  void addComment(Location begin, Location end, CommentPlacement placement);
+  void skipCommentTokens(Token& token);
+
+  typedef std::stack<Value*> Nodes;
+  Nodes nodes_;
+  Errors errors_;
+  std::string document_;
+  Location begin_;
+  Location end_;
+  Location current_;
+  Location lastValueEnd_;
+  Value* lastValue_;
+  std::string commentsBefore_;
+  int stackDepth_;
+
+  OurFeatures const features_;
+  bool collectComments_;
+};  // OurReader
+
+// complete copy of Read impl, for OurReader
+
+OurReader::OurReader(OurFeatures const& features)
+    : errors_(), document_(), begin_(), end_(), current_(), lastValueEnd_(),
+      lastValue_(), commentsBefore_(),
+      stackDepth_(0),
+      features_(features), collectComments_() {
+}
+
+bool OurReader::parse(const char* beginDoc,
+                   const char* endDoc,
+                   Value& root,
+                   bool collectComments) {
+  if (!features_.allowComments_) {
+    collectComments = false;
+  }
+
+  begin_ = beginDoc;
+  end_ = endDoc;
+  collectComments_ = collectComments;
+  current_ = begin_;
+  lastValueEnd_ = 0;
+  lastValue_ = 0;
+  commentsBefore_ = "";
+  errors_.clear();
+  while (!nodes_.empty())
+    nodes_.pop();
+  nodes_.push(&root);
+
+  stackDepth_ = 0;
+  bool successful = readValue();
+  Token token;
+  skipCommentTokens(token);
+  if (features_.failIfExtra_) {
+    if (token.type_ != tokenError && token.type_ != tokenEndOfStream) {
+      addError("Extra non-whitespace after JSON value.", token);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  if (collectComments_ && !commentsBefore_.empty())
+    root.setComment(commentsBefore_, commentAfter);
+  if (features_.strictRoot_) {
+    if (!root.isArray() && !root.isObject()) {
+      // Set error location to start of doc, ideally should be first token found
+      // in doc
+      token.type_ = tokenError;
+      token.start_ = beginDoc;
+      token.end_ = endDoc;
+      addError(
+          "A valid JSON document must be either an array or an object value.",
+          token);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return successful;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readValue() {
+  if (stackDepth_ >= features_.stackLimit_) throwRuntimeError("Exceeded stackLimit in readValue().");
+  ++stackDepth_;
+  Token token;
+  skipCommentTokens(token);
+  bool successful = true;
+
+  if (collectComments_ && !commentsBefore_.empty()) {
+    currentValue().setComment(commentsBefore_, commentBefore);
+    commentsBefore_ = "";
+  }
+
+  switch (token.type_) {
+  case tokenObjectBegin:
+    successful = readObject(token);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(current_ - begin_);
+    break;
+  case tokenArrayBegin:
+    successful = readArray(token);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(current_ - begin_);
+    break;
+  case tokenNumber:
+    successful = decodeNumber(token);
+    break;
+  case tokenString:
+    successful = decodeString(token);
+    break;
+  case tokenTrue:
+    {
+    Value v(true);
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenFalse:
+    {
+    Value v(false);
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenNull:
+    {
+    Value v;
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenNaN:
+    {
+    Value v(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenPosInf:
+    {
+    Value v(std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenNegInf:
+    {
+    Value v(-std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenArraySeparator:
+  case tokenObjectEnd:
+  case tokenArrayEnd:
+    if (features_.allowDroppedNullPlaceholders_) {
+      // "Un-read" the current token and mark the current value as a null
+      // token.
+      current_--;
+      Value v;
+      currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+      currentValue().setOffsetStart(current_ - begin_ - 1);
+      currentValue().setOffsetLimit(current_ - begin_);
+      break;
+    } // else, fall through ...
+  default:
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    return addError("Syntax error: value, object or array expected.", token);
+  }
+
+  if (collectComments_) {
+    lastValueEnd_ = current_;
+    lastValue_ = &currentValue();
+  }
+
+  --stackDepth_;
+  return successful;
+}
+
+void OurReader::skipCommentTokens(Token& token) {
+  if (features_.allowComments_) {
+    do {
+      readToken(token);
+    } while (token.type_ == tokenComment);
+  } else {
+    readToken(token);
+  }
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readToken(Token& token) {
+  skipSpaces();
+  token.start_ = current_;
+  Char c = getNextChar();
+  bool ok = true;
+  switch (c) {
+  case '{':
+    token.type_ = tokenObjectBegin;
+    break;
+  case '}':
+    token.type_ = tokenObjectEnd;
+    break;
+  case '[':
+    token.type_ = tokenArrayBegin;
+    break;
+  case ']':
+    token.type_ = tokenArrayEnd;
+    break;
+  case '"':
+    token.type_ = tokenString;
+    ok = readString();
+    break;
+  case '\'':
+    if (features_.allowSingleQuotes_) {
+    token.type_ = tokenString;
+    ok = readStringSingleQuote();
+    break;
+    } // else continue
+  case '/':
+    token.type_ = tokenComment;
+    ok = readComment();
+    break;
+  case '0':
+  case '1':
+  case '2':
+  case '3':
+  case '4':
+  case '5':
+  case '6':
+  case '7':
+  case '8':
+  case '9':
+    token.type_ = tokenNumber;
+    readNumber(false);
+    break;
+  case '-':
+    if (readNumber(true)) {
+      token.type_ = tokenNumber;
+    } else {
+      token.type_ = tokenNegInf;
+      ok = features_.allowSpecialFloats_ && match("nfinity", 7);
+    }
+    break;
+  case 't':
+    token.type_ = tokenTrue;
+    ok = match("rue", 3);
+    break;
+  case 'f':
+    token.type_ = tokenFalse;
+    ok = match("alse", 4);
+    break;
+  case 'n':
+    token.type_ = tokenNull;
+    ok = match("ull", 3);
+    break;
+  case 'N':
+    if (features_.allowSpecialFloats_) {
+      token.type_ = tokenNaN;
+      ok = match("aN", 2);
+    } else {
+      ok = false;
+    }
+    break;
+  case 'I':
+    if (features_.allowSpecialFloats_) {
+      token.type_ = tokenPosInf;
+      ok = match("nfinity", 7);
+    } else {
+      ok = false;
+    }
+    break;
+  case ',':
+    token.type_ = tokenArraySeparator;
+    break;
+  case ':':
+    token.type_ = tokenMemberSeparator;
+    break;
+  case 0:
+    token.type_ = tokenEndOfStream;
+    break;
+  default:
+    ok = false;
+    break;
+  }
+  if (!ok)
+    token.type_ = tokenError;
+  token.end_ = current_;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void OurReader::skipSpaces() {
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    Char c = *current_;
+    if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
+      ++current_;
+    else
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+bool OurReader::match(Location pattern, int patternLength) {
+  if (end_ - current_ < patternLength)
+    return false;
+  int index = patternLength;
+  while (index--)
+    if (current_[index] != pattern[index])
+      return false;
+  current_ += patternLength;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readComment() {
+  Location commentBegin = current_ - 1;
+  Char c = getNextChar();
+  bool successful = false;
+  if (c == '*')
+    successful = readCStyleComment();
+  else if (c == '/')
+    successful = readCppStyleComment();
+  if (!successful)
+    return false;
+
+  if (collectComments_) {
+    CommentPlacement placement = commentBefore;
+    if (lastValueEnd_ && !containsNewLine(lastValueEnd_, commentBegin)) {
+      if (c != '*' || !containsNewLine(commentBegin, current_))
+        placement = commentAfterOnSameLine;
+    }
+
+    addComment(commentBegin, current_, placement);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void
+OurReader::addComment(Location begin, Location end, CommentPlacement placement) {
+  assert(collectComments_);
+  const std::string& normalized = normalizeEOL(begin, end);
+  if (placement == commentAfterOnSameLine) {
+    assert(lastValue_ != 0);
+    lastValue_->setComment(normalized, placement);
+  } else {
+    commentsBefore_ += normalized;
+  }
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readCStyleComment() {
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    Char c = getNextChar();
+    if (c == '*' && *current_ == '/')
+      break;
+  }
+  return getNextChar() == '/';
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readCppStyleComment() {
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    Char c = getNextChar();
+    if (c == '\n')
+      break;
+    if (c == '\r') {
+      // Consume DOS EOL. It will be normalized in addComment.
+      if (current_ != end_ && *current_ == '\n')
+        getNextChar();
+      // Break on Moc OS 9 EOL.
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readNumber(bool checkInf) {
+  const char *p = current_;
+  if (checkInf && p != end_ && *p == 'I') {
+    current_ = ++p;
+    return false;
+  }
+  char c = '0'; // stopgap for already consumed character
+  // integral part
+  while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+    c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+  // fractional part
+  if (c == '.') {
+    c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+    while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+      c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+  }
+  // exponential part
+  if (c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
+    c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+    if (c == '+' || c == '-')
+      c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+    while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+      c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+bool OurReader::readString() {
+  Char c = 0;
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    c = getNextChar();
+    if (c == '\\')
+      getNextChar();
+    else if (c == '"')
+      break;
+  }
+  return c == '"';
+}
+
+
+bool OurReader::readStringSingleQuote() {
+  Char c = 0;
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    c = getNextChar();
+    if (c == '\\')
+      getNextChar();
+    else if (c == '\'')
+      break;
+  }
+  return c == '\'';
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readObject(Token& tokenStart) {
+  Token tokenName;
+  std::string name;
+  Value init(objectValue);
+  currentValue().swapPayload(init);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(tokenStart.start_ - begin_);
+  while (readToken(tokenName)) {
+    bool initialTokenOk = true;
+    while (tokenName.type_ == tokenComment && initialTokenOk)
+      initialTokenOk = readToken(tokenName);
+    if (!initialTokenOk)
+      break;
+    if (tokenName.type_ == tokenObjectEnd && name.empty()) // empty object
+      return true;
+    name = "";
+    if (tokenName.type_ == tokenString) {
+      if (!decodeString(tokenName, name))
+        return recoverFromError(tokenObjectEnd);
+    } else if (tokenName.type_ == tokenNumber && features_.allowNumericKeys_) {
+      Value numberName;
+      if (!decodeNumber(tokenName, numberName))
+        return recoverFromError(tokenObjectEnd);
+      name = numberName.asString();
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    Token colon;
+    if (!readToken(colon) || colon.type_ != tokenMemberSeparator) {
+      return addErrorAndRecover(
+          "Missing ':' after object member name", colon, tokenObjectEnd);
+    }
+    if (name.length() >= (1U<<30)) throwRuntimeError("keylength >= 2^30");
+    if (features_.rejectDupKeys_ && currentValue().isMember(name)) {
+      std::string msg = "Duplicate key: '" + name + "'";
+      return addErrorAndRecover(
+          msg, tokenName, tokenObjectEnd);
+    }
+    Value& value = currentValue()[name];
+    nodes_.push(&value);
+    bool ok = readValue();
+    nodes_.pop();
+    if (!ok) // error already set
+      return recoverFromError(tokenObjectEnd);
+
+    Token comma;
+    if (!readToken(comma) ||
+        (comma.type_ != tokenObjectEnd && comma.type_ != tokenArraySeparator &&
+         comma.type_ != tokenComment)) {
+      return addErrorAndRecover(
+          "Missing ',' or '}' in object declaration", comma, tokenObjectEnd);
+    }
+    bool finalizeTokenOk = true;
+    while (comma.type_ == tokenComment && finalizeTokenOk)
+      finalizeTokenOk = readToken(comma);
+    if (comma.type_ == tokenObjectEnd)
+      return true;
+  }
+  return addErrorAndRecover(
+      "Missing '}' or object member name", tokenName, tokenObjectEnd);
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readArray(Token& tokenStart) {
+  Value init(arrayValue);
+  currentValue().swapPayload(init);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(tokenStart.start_ - begin_);
+  skipSpaces();
+  if (*current_ == ']') // empty array
+  {
+    Token endArray;
+    readToken(endArray);
+    return true;
+  }
+  int index = 0;
+  for (;;) {
+    Value& value = currentValue()[index++];
+    nodes_.push(&value);
+    bool ok = readValue();
+    nodes_.pop();
+    if (!ok) // error already set
+      return recoverFromError(tokenArrayEnd);
+
+    Token token;
+    // Accept Comment after last item in the array.
+    ok = readToken(token);
+    while (token.type_ == tokenComment && ok) {
+      ok = readToken(token);
+    }
+    bool badTokenType =
+        (token.type_ != tokenArraySeparator && token.type_ != tokenArrayEnd);
+    if (!ok || badTokenType) {
+      return addErrorAndRecover(
+          "Missing ',' or ']' in array declaration", token, tokenArrayEnd);
+    }
+    if (token.type_ == tokenArrayEnd)
+      break;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeNumber(Token& token) {
+  Value decoded;
+  if (!decodeNumber(token, decoded))
+    return false;
+  currentValue().swapPayload(decoded);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+  currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeNumber(Token& token, Value& decoded) {
+  // Attempts to parse the number as an integer. If the number is
+  // larger than the maximum supported value of an integer then
+  // we decode the number as a double.
+  Location current = token.start_;
+  bool isNegative = *current == '-';
+  if (isNegative)
+    ++current;
+  // TODO: Help the compiler do the div and mod at compile time or get rid of them.
+  Value::LargestUInt maxIntegerValue =
+      isNegative ? Value::LargestUInt(-Value::minLargestInt)
+                 : Value::maxLargestUInt;
+  Value::LargestUInt threshold = maxIntegerValue / 10;
+  Value::LargestUInt value = 0;
+  while (current < token.end_) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    if (c < '0' || c > '9')
+      return decodeDouble(token, decoded);
+    Value::UInt digit(c - '0');
+    if (value >= threshold) {
+      // We've hit or exceeded the max value divided by 10 (rounded down). If
+      // a) we've only just touched the limit, b) this is the last digit, and
+      // c) it's small enough to fit in that rounding delta, we're okay.
+      // Otherwise treat this number as a double to avoid overflow.
+      if (value > threshold || current != token.end_ ||
+          digit > maxIntegerValue % 10) {
+        return decodeDouble(token, decoded);
+      }
+    }
+    value = value * 10 + digit;
+  }
+  if (isNegative)
+    decoded = -Value::LargestInt(value);
+  else if (value <= Value::LargestUInt(Value::maxInt))
+    decoded = Value::LargestInt(value);
+  else
+    decoded = value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeDouble(Token& token) {
+  Value decoded;
+  if (!decodeDouble(token, decoded))
+    return false;
+  currentValue().swapPayload(decoded);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+  currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeDouble(Token& token, Value& decoded) {
+  double value = 0;
+  const int bufferSize = 32;
+  int count;
+  int length = int(token.end_ - token.start_);
+
+  // Sanity check to avoid buffer overflow exploits.
+  if (length < 0) {
+    return addError("Unable to parse token length", token);
+  }
+
+  // Avoid using a string constant for the format control string given to
+  // sscanf, as this can cause hard to debug crashes on OS X. See here for more
+  // info:
+  //
+  //     http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#DOCUMENTATION/DeveloperTools/gcc-4.0.1/gcc/Incompatibilities.html
+  char format[] = "%lf";
+
+  if (length <= bufferSize) {
+    Char buffer[bufferSize + 1];
+    memcpy(buffer, token.start_, length);
+    buffer[length] = 0;
+    count = sscanf(buffer, format, &value);
+  } else {
+    std::string buffer(token.start_, token.end_);
+    count = sscanf(buffer.c_str(), format, &value);
+  }
+
+  if (count != 1)
+    return addError("'" + std::string(token.start_, token.end_) +
+                        "' is not a number.",
+                    token);
+  decoded = value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeString(Token& token) {
+  std::string decoded_string;
+  if (!decodeString(token, decoded_string))
+    return false;
+  Value decoded(decoded_string);
+  currentValue().swapPayload(decoded);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+  currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeString(Token& token, std::string& decoded) {
+  decoded.reserve(token.end_ - token.start_ - 2);
+  Location current = token.start_ + 1; // skip '"'
+  Location end = token.end_ - 1;       // do not include '"'
+  while (current != end) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    if (c == '"')
+      break;
+    else if (c == '\\') {
+      if (current == end)
+        return addError("Empty escape sequence in string", token, current);
+      Char escape = *current++;
+      switch (escape) {
+      case '"':
+        decoded += '"';
+        break;
+      case '/':
+        decoded += '/';
+        break;
+      case '\\':
+        decoded += '\\';
+        break;
+      case 'b':
+        decoded += '\b';
+        break;
+      case 'f':
+        decoded += '\f';
+        break;
+      case 'n':
+        decoded += '\n';
+        break;
+      case 'r':
+        decoded += '\r';
+        break;
+      case 't':
+        decoded += '\t';
+        break;
+      case 'u': {
+        unsigned int unicode;
+        if (!decodeUnicodeCodePoint(token, current, end, unicode))
+          return false;
+        decoded += codePointToUTF8(unicode);
+      } break;
+      default:
+        return addError("Bad escape sequence in string", token, current);
+      }
+    } else {
+      decoded += c;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeUnicodeCodePoint(Token& token,
+                                    Location& current,
+                                    Location end,
+                                    unsigned int& unicode) {
+
+  if (!decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(token, current, end, unicode))
+    return false;
+  if (unicode >= 0xD800 && unicode <= 0xDBFF) {
+    // surrogate pairs
+    if (end - current < 6)
+      return addError(
+          "additional six characters expected to parse unicode surrogate pair.",
+          token,
+          current);
+    unsigned int surrogatePair;
+    if (*(current++) == '\\' && *(current++) == 'u') {
+      if (decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(token, current, end, surrogatePair)) {
+        unicode = 0x10000 + ((unicode & 0x3FF) << 10) + (surrogatePair & 0x3FF);
+      } else
+        return false;
+    } else
+      return addError("expecting another \\u token to begin the second half of "
+                      "a unicode surrogate pair",
+                      token,
+                      current);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(Token& token,
+                                         Location& current,
+                                         Location end,
+                                         unsigned int& unicode) {
+  if (end - current < 4)
+    return addError(
+        "Bad unicode escape sequence in string: four digits expected.",
+        token,
+        current);
+  unicode = 0;
+  for (int index = 0; index < 4; ++index) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    unicode *= 16;
+    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+      unicode += c - '0';
+    else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+      unicode += c - 'a' + 10;
+    else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
+      unicode += c - 'A' + 10;
+    else
+      return addError(
+          "Bad unicode escape sequence in string: hexadecimal digit expected.",
+          token,
+          current);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool
+OurReader::addError(const std::string& message, Token& token, Location extra) {
+  ErrorInfo info;
+  info.token_ = token;
+  info.message_ = message;
+  info.extra_ = extra;
+  errors_.push_back(info);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::recoverFromError(TokenType skipUntilToken) {
+  int errorCount = int(errors_.size());
+  Token skip;
+  for (;;) {
+    if (!readToken(skip))
+      errors_.resize(errorCount); // discard errors caused by recovery
+    if (skip.type_ == skipUntilToken || skip.type_ == tokenEndOfStream)
+      break;
+  }
+  errors_.resize(errorCount);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::addErrorAndRecover(const std::string& message,
+                                Token& token,
+                                TokenType skipUntilToken) {
+  addError(message, token);
+  return recoverFromError(skipUntilToken);
+}
+
+Value& OurReader::currentValue() { return *(nodes_.top()); }
+
+OurReader::Char OurReader::getNextChar() {
+  if (current_ == end_)
+    return 0;
+  return *current_++;
+}
+
+void OurReader::getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location,
+                                      int& line,
+                                      int& column) const {
+  Location current = begin_;
+  Location lastLineStart = current;
+  line = 0;
+  while (current < location && current != end_) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    if (c == '\r') {
+      if (*current == '\n')
+        ++current;
+      lastLineStart = current;
+      ++line;
+    } else if (c == '\n') {
+      lastLineStart = current;
+      ++line;
+    }
+  }
+  // column & line start at 1
+  column = int(location - lastLineStart) + 1;
+  ++line;
+}
+
+std::string OurReader::getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location) const {
+  int line, column;
+  getLocationLineAndColumn(location, line, column);
+  char buffer[18 + 16 + 16 + 1];
+  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "Line %d, Column %d", line, column);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+std::string OurReader::getFormattedErrorMessages() const {
+  std::string formattedMessage;
+  for (Errors::const_iterator itError = errors_.begin();
+       itError != errors_.end();
+       ++itError) {
+    const ErrorInfo& error = *itError;
+    formattedMessage +=
+        "* " + getLocationLineAndColumn(error.token_.start_) + "\n";
+    formattedMessage += "  " + error.message_ + "\n";
+    if (error.extra_)
+      formattedMessage +=
+          "See " + getLocationLineAndColumn(error.extra_) + " for detail.\n";
+  }
+  return formattedMessage;
+}
+
+std::vector<OurReader::StructuredError> OurReader::getStructuredErrors() const {
+  std::vector<OurReader::StructuredError> allErrors;
+  for (Errors::const_iterator itError = errors_.begin();
+       itError != errors_.end();
+       ++itError) {
+    const ErrorInfo& error = *itError;
+    OurReader::StructuredError structured;
+    structured.offset_start = error.token_.start_ - begin_;
+    structured.offset_limit = error.token_.end_ - begin_;
+    structured.message = error.message_;
+    allErrors.push_back(structured);
+  }
+  return allErrors;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message) {
+  size_t length = end_ - begin_;
+  if(value.getOffsetStart() > length
+    || value.getOffsetLimit() > length)
+    return false;
+  Token token;
+  token.type_ = tokenError;
+  token.start_ = begin_ + value.getOffsetStart();
+  token.end_ = end_ + value.getOffsetLimit();
+  ErrorInfo info;
+  info.token_ = token;
+  info.message_ = message;
+  info.extra_ = 0;
+  errors_.push_back(info);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message, const Value& extra) {
+  size_t length = end_ - begin_;
+  if(value.getOffsetStart() > length
+    || value.getOffsetLimit() > length
+    || extra.getOffsetLimit() > length)
+    return false;
+  Token token;
+  token.type_ = tokenError;
+  token.start_ = begin_ + value.getOffsetStart();
+  token.end_ = begin_ + value.getOffsetLimit();
+  ErrorInfo info;
+  info.token_ = token;
+  info.message_ = message;
+  info.extra_ = begin_ + extra.getOffsetStart();
+  errors_.push_back(info);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::good() const {
+  return !errors_.size();
+}
+
+
+class OurCharReader : public CharReader {
+  bool const collectComments_;
+  OurReader reader_;
+public:
+  OurCharReader(
+    bool collectComments,
+    OurFeatures const& features)
+  : collectComments_(collectComments)
+  , reader_(features)
+  {}
+  bool parse(
+      char const* beginDoc, char const* endDoc,
+      Value* root, std::string* errs) override {
+    bool ok = reader_.parse(beginDoc, endDoc, *root, collectComments_);
+    if (errs) {
+      *errs = reader_.getFormattedErrorMessages();
+    }
+    return ok;
+  }
+};
+
+CharReaderBuilder::CharReaderBuilder()
+{
+  setDefaults(&settings_);
+}
+CharReaderBuilder::~CharReaderBuilder()
+{}
+CharReader* CharReaderBuilder::newCharReader() const
+{
+  bool collectComments = settings_["collectComments"].asBool();
+  OurFeatures features = OurFeatures::all();
+  features.allowComments_ = settings_["allowComments"].asBool();
+  features.strictRoot_ = settings_["strictRoot"].asBool();
+  features.allowDroppedNullPlaceholders_ = settings_["allowDroppedNullPlaceholders"].asBool();
+  features.allowNumericKeys_ = settings_["allowNumericKeys"].asBool();
+  features.allowSingleQuotes_ = settings_["allowSingleQuotes"].asBool();
+  features.stackLimit_ = settings_["stackLimit"].asInt();
+  features.failIfExtra_ = settings_["failIfExtra"].asBool();
+  features.rejectDupKeys_ = settings_["rejectDupKeys"].asBool();
+  features.allowSpecialFloats_ = settings_["allowSpecialFloats"].asBool();
+  return new OurCharReader(collectComments, features);
+}
+static void getValidReaderKeys(std::set<std::string>* valid_keys)
+{
+  valid_keys->clear();
+  valid_keys->insert("collectComments");
+  valid_keys->insert("allowComments");
+  valid_keys->insert("strictRoot");
+  valid_keys->insert("allowDroppedNullPlaceholders");
+  valid_keys->insert("allowNumericKeys");
+  valid_keys->insert("allowSingleQuotes");
+  valid_keys->insert("stackLimit");
+  valid_keys->insert("failIfExtra");
+  valid_keys->insert("rejectDupKeys");
+  valid_keys->insert("allowSpecialFloats");
+}
+bool CharReaderBuilder::validate(Json::Value* invalid) const
+{
+  Json::Value my_invalid;
+  if (!invalid) invalid = &my_invalid;  // so we do not need to test for NULL
+  Json::Value& inv = *invalid;
+  std::set<std::string> valid_keys;
+  getValidReaderKeys(&valid_keys);
+  Value::Members keys = settings_.getMemberNames();
+  size_t n = keys.size();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    std::string const& key = keys[i];
+    if (valid_keys.find(key) == valid_keys.end()) {
+      inv[key] = settings_[key];
+    }
+  }
+  return 0u == inv.size();
+}
+Value& CharReaderBuilder::operator[](std::string key)
+{
+  return settings_[key];
+}
+// static
+void CharReaderBuilder::strictMode(Json::Value* settings)
+{
+//! [CharReaderBuilderStrictMode]
+  (*settings)["allowComments"] = false;
+  (*settings)["strictRoot"] = true;
+  (*settings)["allowDroppedNullPlaceholders"] = false;
+  (*settings)["allowNumericKeys"] = false;
+  (*settings)["allowSingleQuotes"] = false;
+  (*settings)["stackLimit"] = 1000;
+  (*settings)["failIfExtra"] = true;
+  (*settings)["rejectDupKeys"] = true;
+  (*settings)["allowSpecialFloats"] = false;
+//! [CharReaderBuilderStrictMode]
+}
+// static
+void CharReaderBuilder::setDefaults(Json::Value* settings)
+{
+//! [CharReaderBuilderDefaults]
+  (*settings)["collectComments"] = true;
+  (*settings)["allowComments"] = true;
+  (*settings)["strictRoot"] = false;
+  (*settings)["allowDroppedNullPlaceholders"] = false;
+  (*settings)["allowNumericKeys"] = false;
+  (*settings)["allowSingleQuotes"] = false;
+  (*settings)["stackLimit"] = 1000;
+  (*settings)["failIfExtra"] = false;
+  (*settings)["rejectDupKeys"] = false;
+  (*settings)["allowSpecialFloats"] = false;
+//! [CharReaderBuilderDefaults]
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////
+// global functions
+
+bool parseFromStream(
+    CharReader::Factory const& fact, std::istream& sin,
+    Value* root, std::string* errs)
+{
+  std::ostringstream ssin;
+  ssin << sin.rdbuf();
+  std::string doc = ssin.str();
+  char const* begin = doc.data();
+  char const* end = begin + doc.size();
+  // Note that we do not actually need a null-terminator.
+  CharReaderPtr const reader(fact.newCharReader());
+  return reader->parse(begin, end, root, errs);
+}
+
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& sin, Value& root) {
+  CharReaderBuilder b;
+  std::string errs;
+  bool ok = parseFromStream(b, sin, &root, &errs);
+  if (!ok) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Error from reader: %s",
+            errs.c_str());
+
+    throwRuntimeError(errs);
+  }
+  return sin;
+}
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: src/lib_json/json_reader.cpp
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: src/lib_json/json_valueiterator.inl
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+// included by json_value.cpp
+
+namespace Json {
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// class ValueIteratorBase
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+ValueIteratorBase::ValueIteratorBase()
+    : current_(), isNull_(true) {
+}
+
+ValueIteratorBase::ValueIteratorBase(
+    const Value::ObjectValues::iterator& current)
+    : current_(current), isNull_(false) {}
+
+Value& ValueIteratorBase::deref() const {
+  return current_->second;
+}
+
+void ValueIteratorBase::increment() {
+  ++current_;
+}
+
+void ValueIteratorBase::decrement() {
+  --current_;
+}
+
+ValueIteratorBase::difference_type
+ValueIteratorBase::computeDistance(const SelfType& other) const {
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL_SMALLMAP
+  return other.current_ - current_;
+#else
+  // Iterator for null value are initialized using the default
+  // constructor, which initialize current_ to the default
+  // std::map::iterator. As begin() and end() are two instance
+  // of the default std::map::iterator, they can not be compared.
+  // To allow this, we handle this comparison specifically.
+  if (isNull_ && other.isNull_) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Usage of std::distance is not portable (does not compile with Sun Studio 12
+  // RogueWave STL,
+  // which is the one used by default).
+  // Using a portable hand-made version for non random iterator instead:
+  //   return difference_type( std::distance( current_, other.current_ ) );
+  difference_type myDistance = 0;
+  for (Value::ObjectValues::iterator it = current_; it != other.current_;
+       ++it) {
+    ++myDistance;
+  }
+  return myDistance;
+#endif
+}
+
+bool ValueIteratorBase::isEqual(const SelfType& other) const {
+  if (isNull_) {
+    return other.isNull_;
+  }
+  return current_ == other.current_;
+}
+
+void ValueIteratorBase::copy(const SelfType& other) {
+  current_ = other.current_;
+  isNull_ = other.isNull_;
+}
+
+Value ValueIteratorBase::key() const {
+  const Value::CZString czstring = (*current_).first;
+  if (czstring.data()) {
+    if (czstring.isStaticString())
+      return Value(StaticString(czstring.data()));
+    return Value(czstring.data(), czstring.data() + czstring.length());
+  }
+  return Value(czstring.index());
+}
+
+UInt ValueIteratorBase::index() const {
+  const Value::CZString czstring = (*current_).first;
+  if (!czstring.data())
+    return czstring.index();
+  return Value::UInt(-1);
+}
+
+std::string ValueIteratorBase::name() const {
+  char const* keey;
+  char const* end;
+  keey = memberName(&end);
+  if (!keey) return std::string();
+  return std::string(keey, end);
+}
+
+char const* ValueIteratorBase::memberName() const {
+  const char* cname = (*current_).first.data();
+  return cname ? cname : "";
+}
+
+char const* ValueIteratorBase::memberName(char const** end) const {
+  const char* cname = (*current_).first.data();
+  if (!cname) {
+    *end = NULL;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  *end = cname + (*current_).first.length();
+  return cname;
+}
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// class ValueConstIterator
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+ValueConstIterator::ValueConstIterator() {}
+
+ValueConstIterator::ValueConstIterator(
+    const Value::ObjectValues::iterator& current)
+    : ValueIteratorBase(current) {}
+
+ValueConstIterator::ValueConstIterator(ValueIterator const& other)
+    : ValueIteratorBase(other) {}
+
+ValueConstIterator& ValueConstIterator::
+operator=(const ValueIteratorBase& other) {
+  copy(other);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// class ValueIterator
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+ValueIterator::ValueIterator() {}
+
+ValueIterator::ValueIterator(const Value::ObjectValues::iterator& current)
+    : ValueIteratorBase(current) {}
+
+ValueIterator::ValueIterator(const ValueConstIterator& other)
+    : ValueIteratorBase(other) {
+  throwRuntimeError("ConstIterator to Iterator should never be allowed.");
+}
+
+ValueIterator::ValueIterator(const ValueIterator& other)
+    : ValueIteratorBase(other) {}
+
+ValueIterator& ValueIterator::operator=(const SelfType& other) {
+  copy(other);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: src/lib_json/json_valueiterator.inl
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: src/lib_json/json_value.cpp
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2011 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <json/assertions.h>
+#include <json/value.h>
+#include <json/writer.h>
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <math.h>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <utility>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cassert>
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+#include <cpptl/conststring.h>
+#endif
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <algorithm> // min()
+
+#define JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE assert(false)
+
+namespace Json {
+
+// This is a walkaround to avoid the static initialization of Value::null.
+// kNull must be word-aligned to avoid crashing on ARM.  We use an alignment of
+// 8 (instead of 4) as a bit of future-proofing.
+#if defined(__ARMEL__)
+#define ALIGNAS(byte_alignment) __attribute__((aligned(byte_alignment)))
+#else
+#define ALIGNAS(byte_alignment)
+#endif
+static const unsigned char ALIGNAS(8) kNull[sizeof(Value)] = { 0 };
+const unsigned char& kNullRef = kNull[0];
+const Value& Value::null = reinterpret_cast<const Value&>(kNullRef);
+const Value& Value::nullRef = null;
+
+const Int Value::minInt = Int(~(UInt(-1) / 2));
+const Int Value::maxInt = Int(UInt(-1) / 2);
+const UInt Value::maxUInt = UInt(-1);
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+const Int64 Value::minInt64 = Int64(~(UInt64(-1) / 2));
+const Int64 Value::maxInt64 = Int64(UInt64(-1) / 2);
+const UInt64 Value::maxUInt64 = UInt64(-1);
+// The constant is hard-coded because some compiler have trouble
+// converting Value::maxUInt64 to a double correctly (AIX/xlC).
+// Assumes that UInt64 is a 64 bits integer.
+static const double maxUInt64AsDouble = 18446744073709551615.0;
+#endif // defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+const LargestInt Value::minLargestInt = LargestInt(~(LargestUInt(-1) / 2));
+const LargestInt Value::maxLargestInt = LargestInt(LargestUInt(-1) / 2);
+const LargestUInt Value::maxLargestUInt = LargestUInt(-1);
+
+#if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+template <typename T, typename U>
+static inline bool InRange(double d, T min, U max) {
+  return d >= min && d <= max;
+}
+#else  // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+static inline double integerToDouble(Json::UInt64 value) {
+  return static_cast<double>(Int64(value / 2)) * 2.0 + Int64(value & 1);
+}
+
+template <typename T> static inline double integerToDouble(T value) {
+  return static_cast<double>(value);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+static inline bool InRange(double d, T min, U max) {
+  return d >= integerToDouble(min) && d <= integerToDouble(max);
+}
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+
+/** Duplicates the specified string value.
+ * @param value Pointer to the string to duplicate. Must be zero-terminated if
+ *              length is "unknown".
+ * @param length Length of the value. if equals to unknown, then it will be
+ *               computed using strlen(value).
+ * @return Pointer on the duplicate instance of string.
+ */
+static inline char* duplicateStringValue(const char* value,
+                                         size_t length) {
+  // Avoid an integer overflow in the call to malloc below by limiting length
+  // to a sane value.
+  if (length >= (size_t)Value::maxInt)
+    length = Value::maxInt - 1;
+
+  char* newString = static_cast<char*>(malloc(length + 1));
+  if (newString == NULL) {
+    throwRuntimeError(
+        "in Json::Value::duplicateStringValue(): "
+        "Failed to allocate string value buffer");
+  }
+  memcpy(newString, value, length);
+  newString[length] = 0;
+  return newString;
+}
+
+/* Record the length as a prefix.
+ */
+static inline char* duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(
+    const char* value,
+    unsigned int length)
+{
+  // Avoid an integer overflow in the call to malloc below by limiting length
+  // to a sane value.
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(length <= (unsigned)Value::maxInt - sizeof(unsigned) - 1U,
+                      "in Json::Value::duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(): "
+                      "length too big for prefixing");
+  unsigned actualLength = length + static_cast<unsigned>(sizeof(unsigned)) + 1U;
+  char* newString = static_cast<char*>(malloc(actualLength));
+  if (newString == 0) {
+    throwRuntimeError(
+        "in Json::Value::duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(): "
+        "Failed to allocate string value buffer");
+  }
+  *reinterpret_cast<unsigned*>(newString) = length;
+  memcpy(newString + sizeof(unsigned), value, length);
+  newString[actualLength - 1U] = 0; // to avoid buffer over-run accidents by users later
+  return newString;
+}
+inline static void decodePrefixedString(
+    bool isPrefixed, char const* prefixed,
+    unsigned* length, char const** value)
+{
+  if (!isPrefixed) {
+    *length = static_cast<unsigned>(strlen(prefixed));
+    *value = prefixed;
+  } else {
+    *length = *reinterpret_cast<unsigned const*>(prefixed);
+    *value = prefixed + sizeof(unsigned);
+  }
+}
+/** Free the string duplicated by duplicateStringValue()/duplicateAndPrefixStringValue().
+ */
+static inline void releaseStringValue(char* value) { free(value); }
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ValueInternals...
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+
+#include "json_valueiterator.inl"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+
+namespace Json {
+
+Exception::Exception(std::string const& msg)
+  : msg_(msg)
+{}
+Exception::~Exception() throw()
+{}
+char const* Exception::what() const throw()
+{
+  return msg_.c_str();
+}
+RuntimeError::RuntimeError(std::string const& msg)
+  : Exception(msg)
+{}
+LogicError::LogicError(std::string const& msg)
+  : Exception(msg)
+{}
+void throwRuntimeError(std::string const& msg)
+{
+  throw RuntimeError(msg);
+}
+void throwLogicError(std::string const& msg)
+{
+  throw LogicError(msg);
+}
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// class Value::CommentInfo
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+Value::CommentInfo::CommentInfo() : comment_(0) {}
+
+Value::CommentInfo::~CommentInfo() {
+  if (comment_)
+    releaseStringValue(comment_);
+}
+
+void Value::CommentInfo::setComment(const char* text, size_t len) {
+  if (comment_) {
+    releaseStringValue(comment_);
+    comment_ = 0;
+  }
+  JSON_ASSERT(text != 0);
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      text[0] == '\0' || text[0] == '/',
+      "in Json::Value::setComment(): Comments must start with /");
+  // It seems that /**/ style comments are acceptable as well.
+  comment_ = duplicateStringValue(text, len);
+}
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// class Value::CZString
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Notes: policy_ indicates if the string was allocated when
+// a string is stored.
+
+Value::CZString::CZString(ArrayIndex aindex) : cstr_(0), index_(aindex) {}
+
+Value::CZString::CZString(char const* str, unsigned ulength, DuplicationPolicy allocate)
+    : cstr_(str) {
+  // allocate != duplicate
+  storage_.policy_ = allocate & 0x3;
+  storage_.length_ = ulength & 0x3FFFFFFF;
+}
+
+Value::CZString::CZString(const CZString& other)
+    : cstr_(other.storage_.policy_ != noDuplication && other.cstr_ != 0
+                ? duplicateStringValue(other.cstr_, other.storage_.length_)
+                : other.cstr_) {
+  storage_.policy_ = (other.cstr_
+                 ? (static_cast<DuplicationPolicy>(other.storage_.policy_) == noDuplication
+                     ? noDuplication : duplicate)
+                 : static_cast<DuplicationPolicy>(other.storage_.policy_));
+  storage_.length_ = other.storage_.length_;
+}
+
+#if JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+Value::CZString::CZString(CZString&& other)
+  : cstr_(other.cstr_), index_(other.index_) {
+  other.cstr_ = nullptr;
+}
+#endif
+
+Value::CZString::~CZString() {
+  if (cstr_ && storage_.policy_ == duplicate)
+    releaseStringValue(const_cast<char*>(cstr_));
+}
+
+void Value::CZString::swap(CZString& other) {
+  std::swap(cstr_, other.cstr_);
+  std::swap(index_, other.index_);
+}
+
+Value::CZString& Value::CZString::operator=(CZString other) {
+  swap(other);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+bool Value::CZString::operator<(const CZString& other) const {
+  if (!cstr_) return index_ < other.index_;
+  //return strcmp(cstr_, other.cstr_) < 0;
+  // Assume both are strings.
+  unsigned this_len = this->storage_.length_;
+  unsigned other_len = other.storage_.length_;
+  unsigned min_len = std::min(this_len, other_len);
+  int comp = memcmp(this->cstr_, other.cstr_, min_len);
+  if (comp < 0) return true;
+  if (comp > 0) return false;
+  return (this_len < other_len);
+}
+
+bool Value::CZString::operator==(const CZString& other) const {
+  if (!cstr_) return index_ == other.index_;
+  //return strcmp(cstr_, other.cstr_) == 0;
+  // Assume both are strings.
+  unsigned this_len = this->storage_.length_;
+  unsigned other_len = other.storage_.length_;
+  if (this_len != other_len) return false;
+  int comp = memcmp(this->cstr_, other.cstr_, this_len);
+  return comp == 0;
+}
+
+ArrayIndex Value::CZString::index() const { return index_; }
+
+//const char* Value::CZString::c_str() const { return cstr_; }
+const char* Value::CZString::data() const { return cstr_; }
+unsigned Value::CZString::length() const { return storage_.length_; }
+bool Value::CZString::isStaticString() const { return storage_.policy_ == noDuplication; }
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// class Value::Value
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/*! \internal Default constructor initialization must be equivalent to:
+ * memset( this, 0, sizeof(Value) )
+ * This optimization is used in ValueInternalMap fast allocator.
+ */
+Value::Value(ValueType vtype) {
+  initBasic(vtype);
+  switch (vtype) {
+  case nullValue:
+    break;
+  case intValue:
+  case uintValue:
+    value_.int_ = 0;
+    break;
+  case realValue:
+    value_.real_ = 0.0;
+    break;
+  case stringValue:
+    value_.string_ = 0;
+    break;
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    value_.map_ = new ObjectValues();
+    break;
+  case booleanValue:
+    value_.bool_ = false;
+    break;
+  default:
+    JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
+  }
+}
+
+Value::Value(Int value) {
+  initBasic(intValue);
+  value_.int_ = value;
+}
+
+Value::Value(UInt value) {
+  initBasic(uintValue);
+  value_.uint_ = value;
+}
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+Value::Value(Int64 value) {
+  initBasic(intValue);
+  value_.int_ = value;
+}
+Value::Value(UInt64 value) {
+  initBasic(uintValue);
+  value_.uint_ = value;
+}
+#endif // defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+
+Value::Value(double value) {
+  initBasic(realValue);
+  value_.real_ = value;
+}
+
+Value::Value(const char* value) {
+  initBasic(stringValue, true);
+  value_.string_ = duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(value, static_cast<unsigned>(strlen(value)));
+}
+
+Value::Value(const char* beginValue, const char* endValue) {
+  initBasic(stringValue, true);
+  value_.string_ =
+      duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(beginValue, static_cast<unsigned>(endValue - beginValue));
+}
+
+Value::Value(const std::string& value) {
+  initBasic(stringValue, true);
+  value_.string_ =
+      duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(value.data(), static_cast<unsigned>(value.length()));
+}
+
+Value::Value(const StaticString& value) {
+  initBasic(stringValue);
+  value_.string_ = const_cast<char*>(value.c_str());
+}
+
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+Value::Value(const CppTL::ConstString& value) {
+  initBasic(stringValue, true);
+  value_.string_ = duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(value, static_cast<unsigned>(value.length()));
+}
+#endif
+
+Value::Value(bool value) {
+  initBasic(booleanValue);
+  value_.bool_ = value;
+}
+
+Value::Value(Value const& other)
+    : type_(other.type_), allocated_(false)
+      ,
+      comments_(0), start_(other.start_), limit_(other.limit_)
+{
+  switch (type_) {
+  case nullValue:
+  case intValue:
+  case uintValue:
+  case realValue:
+  case booleanValue:
+    value_ = other.value_;
+    break;
+  case stringValue:
+    if (other.value_.string_ && other.allocated_) {
+      unsigned len;
+      char const* str;
+      decodePrefixedString(other.allocated_, other.value_.string_,
+          &len, &str);
+      value_.string_ = duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(str, len);
+      allocated_ = true;
+    } else {
+      value_.string_ = other.value_.string_;
+      allocated_ = false;
+    }
+    break;
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    value_.map_ = new ObjectValues(*other.value_.map_);
+    break;
+  default:
+    JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
+  }
+  if (other.comments_) {
+    comments_ = new CommentInfo[numberOfCommentPlacement];
+    for (int comment = 0; comment < numberOfCommentPlacement; ++comment) {
+      const CommentInfo& otherComment = other.comments_[comment];
+      if (otherComment.comment_)
+        comments_[comment].setComment(
+            otherComment.comment_, strlen(otherComment.comment_));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#if JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+// Move constructor
+Value::Value(Value&& other) {
+  initBasic(nullValue);
+  swap(other);
+}
+#endif
+
+Value::~Value() {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case nullValue:
+  case intValue:
+  case uintValue:
+  case realValue:
+  case booleanValue:
+    break;
+  case stringValue:
+    if (allocated_)
+      releaseStringValue(value_.string_);
+    break;
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    delete value_.map_;
+    break;
+  default:
+    JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
+  }
+
+  if (comments_)
+    delete[] comments_;
+}
+
+Value& Value::operator=(Value other) {
+  swap(other);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+void Value::swapPayload(Value& other) {
+  ValueType temp = type_;
+  type_ = other.type_;
+  other.type_ = temp;
+  std::swap(value_, other.value_);
+  int temp2 = allocated_;
+  allocated_ = other.allocated_;
+  other.allocated_ = temp2 & 0x1;
+}
+
+void Value::swap(Value& other) {
+  swapPayload(other);
+  std::swap(comments_, other.comments_);
+  std::swap(start_, other.start_);
+  std::swap(limit_, other.limit_);
+}
+
+ValueType Value::type() const { return type_; }
+
+int Value::compare(const Value& other) const {
+  if (*this < other)
+    return -1;
+  if (*this > other)
+    return 1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+bool Value::operator<(const Value& other) const {
+  int typeDelta = type_ - other.type_;
+  if (typeDelta)
+    return typeDelta < 0 ? true : false;
+  switch (type_) {
+  case nullValue:
+    return false;
+  case intValue:
+    return value_.int_ < other.value_.int_;
+  case uintValue:
+    return value_.uint_ < other.value_.uint_;
+  case realValue:
+    return value_.real_ < other.value_.real_;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ < other.value_.bool_;
+  case stringValue:
+  {
+    if ((value_.string_ == 0) || (other.value_.string_ == 0)) {
+      if (other.value_.string_) return true;
+      else return false;
+    }
+    unsigned this_len;
+    unsigned other_len;
+    char const* this_str;
+    char const* other_str;
+    decodePrefixedString(this->allocated_, this->value_.string_, &this_len, &this_str);
+    decodePrefixedString(other.allocated_, other.value_.string_, &other_len, &other_str);
+    unsigned min_len = std::min(this_len, other_len);
+    int comp = memcmp(this_str, other_str, min_len);
+    if (comp < 0) return true;
+    if (comp > 0) return false;
+    return (this_len < other_len);
+  }
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue: {
+    int delta = int(value_.map_->size() - other.value_.map_->size());
+    if (delta)
+      return delta < 0;
+    return (*value_.map_) < (*other.value_.map_);
+  }
+  default:
+    JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
+  }
+  return false; // unreachable
+}
+
+bool Value::operator<=(const Value& other) const { return !(other < *this); }
+
+bool Value::operator>=(const Value& other) const { return !(*this < other); }
+
+bool Value::operator>(const Value& other) const { return other < *this; }
+
+bool Value::operator==(const Value& other) const {
+  // if ( type_ != other.type_ )
+  // GCC 2.95.3 says:
+  // attempt to take address of bit-field structure member `Json::Value::type_'
+  // Beats me, but a temp solves the problem.
+  int temp = other.type_;
+  if (type_ != temp)
+    return false;
+  switch (type_) {
+  case nullValue:
+    return true;
+  case intValue:
+    return value_.int_ == other.value_.int_;
+  case uintValue:
+    return value_.uint_ == other.value_.uint_;
+  case realValue:
+    return value_.real_ == other.value_.real_;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ == other.value_.bool_;
+  case stringValue:
+  {
+    if ((value_.string_ == 0) || (other.value_.string_ == 0)) {
+      return (value_.string_ == other.value_.string_);
+    }
+    unsigned this_len;
+    unsigned other_len;
+    char const* this_str;
+    char const* other_str;
+    decodePrefixedString(this->allocated_, this->value_.string_, &this_len, &this_str);
+    decodePrefixedString(other.allocated_, other.value_.string_, &other_len, &other_str);
+    if (this_len != other_len) return false;
+    int comp = memcmp(this_str, other_str, this_len);
+    return comp == 0;
+  }
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    return value_.map_->size() == other.value_.map_->size() &&
+           (*value_.map_) == (*other.value_.map_);
+  default:
+    JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
+  }
+  return false; // unreachable
+}
+
+bool Value::operator!=(const Value& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+
+const char* Value::asCString() const {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type_ == stringValue,
+                      "in Json::Value::asCString(): requires stringValue");
+  if (value_.string_ == 0) return 0;
+  unsigned this_len;
+  char const* this_str;
+  decodePrefixedString(this->allocated_, this->value_.string_, &this_len, &this_str);
+  return this_str;
+}
+
+bool Value::getString(char const** str, char const** cend) const {
+  if (type_ != stringValue) return false;
+  if (value_.string_ == 0) return false;
+  unsigned length;
+  decodePrefixedString(this->allocated_, this->value_.string_, &length, str);
+  *cend = *str + length;
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::string Value::asString() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case nullValue:
+    return "";
+  case stringValue:
+  {
+    if (value_.string_ == 0) return "";
+    unsigned this_len;
+    char const* this_str;
+    decodePrefixedString(this->allocated_, this->value_.string_, &this_len, &this_str);
+    return std::string(this_str, this_len);
+  }
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ ? "true" : "false";
+  case intValue:
+    return valueToString(value_.int_);
+  case uintValue:
+    return valueToString(value_.uint_);
+  case realValue:
+    return valueToString(value_.real_);
+  default:
+    JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Type is not convertible to string");
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+CppTL::ConstString Value::asConstString() const {
+  unsigned len;
+  char const* str;
+  decodePrefixedString(allocated_, value_.string_,
+      &len, &str);
+  return CppTL::ConstString(str, len);
+}
+#endif
+
+Value::Int Value::asInt() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isInt(), "LargestInt out of Int range");
+    return Int(value_.int_);
+  case uintValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isInt(), "LargestUInt out of Int range");
+    return Int(value_.uint_);
+  case realValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(InRange(value_.real_, minInt, maxInt),
+                        "double out of Int range");
+    return Int(value_.real_);
+  case nullValue:
+    return 0;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ ? 1 : 0;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Value is not convertible to Int.");
+}
+
+Value::UInt Value::asUInt() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isUInt(), "LargestInt out of UInt range");
+    return UInt(value_.int_);
+  case uintValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isUInt(), "LargestUInt out of UInt range");
+    return UInt(value_.uint_);
+  case realValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(InRange(value_.real_, 0, maxUInt),
+                        "double out of UInt range");
+    return UInt(value_.real_);
+  case nullValue:
+    return 0;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ ? 1 : 0;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Value is not convertible to UInt.");
+}
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+
+Value::Int64 Value::asInt64() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    return Int64(value_.int_);
+  case uintValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isInt64(), "LargestUInt out of Int64 range");
+    return Int64(value_.uint_);
+  case realValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(InRange(value_.real_, minInt64, maxInt64),
+                        "double out of Int64 range");
+    return Int64(value_.real_);
+  case nullValue:
+    return 0;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ ? 1 : 0;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Value is not convertible to Int64.");
+}
+
+Value::UInt64 Value::asUInt64() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isUInt64(), "LargestInt out of UInt64 range");
+    return UInt64(value_.int_);
+  case uintValue:
+    return UInt64(value_.uint_);
+  case realValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(InRange(value_.real_, 0, maxUInt64),
+                        "double out of UInt64 range");
+    return UInt64(value_.real_);
+  case nullValue:
+    return 0;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ ? 1 : 0;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Value is not convertible to UInt64.");
+}
+#endif // if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+
+LargestInt Value::asLargestInt() const {
+#if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
+  return asInt();
+#else
+  return asInt64();
+#endif
+}
+
+LargestUInt Value::asLargestUInt() const {
+#if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
+  return asUInt();
+#else
+  return asUInt64();
+#endif
+}
+
+double Value::asDouble() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    return static_cast<double>(value_.int_);
+  case uintValue:
+#if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+    return static_cast<double>(value_.uint_);
+#else  // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+    return integerToDouble(value_.uint_);
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+  case realValue:
+    return value_.real_;
+  case nullValue:
+    return 0.0;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ ? 1.0 : 0.0;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Value is not convertible to double.");
+}
+
+float Value::asFloat() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    return static_cast<float>(value_.int_);
+  case uintValue:
+#if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+    return static_cast<float>(value_.uint_);
+#else  // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+    return integerToDouble(value_.uint_);
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+  case realValue:
+    return static_cast<float>(value_.real_);
+  case nullValue:
+    return 0.0;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Value is not convertible to float.");
+}
+
+bool Value::asBool() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_;
+  case nullValue:
+    return false;
+  case intValue:
+    return value_.int_ ? true : false;
+  case uintValue:
+    return value_.uint_ ? true : false;
+  case realValue:
+    // This is kind of strange. Not recommended.
+    return (value_.real_ != 0.0) ? true : false;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE("Value is not convertible to bool.");
+}
+
+bool Value::isConvertibleTo(ValueType other) const {
+  switch (other) {
+  case nullValue:
+    return (isNumeric() && asDouble() == 0.0) ||
+           (type_ == booleanValue && value_.bool_ == false) ||
+           (type_ == stringValue && asString() == "") ||
+           (type_ == arrayValue && value_.map_->size() == 0) ||
+           (type_ == objectValue && value_.map_->size() == 0) ||
+           type_ == nullValue;
+  case intValue:
+    return isInt() ||
+           (type_ == realValue && InRange(value_.real_, minInt, maxInt)) ||
+           type_ == booleanValue || type_ == nullValue;
+  case uintValue:
+    return isUInt() ||
+           (type_ == realValue && InRange(value_.real_, 0, maxUInt)) ||
+           type_ == booleanValue || type_ == nullValue;
+  case realValue:
+    return isNumeric() || type_ == booleanValue || type_ == nullValue;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return isNumeric() || type_ == booleanValue || type_ == nullValue;
+  case stringValue:
+    return isNumeric() || type_ == booleanValue || type_ == stringValue ||
+           type_ == nullValue;
+  case arrayValue:
+    return type_ == arrayValue || type_ == nullValue;
+  case objectValue:
+    return type_ == objectValue || type_ == nullValue;
+  }
+  JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
+  return false;
+}
+
+/// Number of values in array or object
+ArrayIndex Value::size() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case nullValue:
+  case intValue:
+  case uintValue:
+  case realValue:
+  case booleanValue:
+  case stringValue:
+    return 0;
+  case arrayValue: // size of the array is highest index + 1
+    if (!value_.map_->empty()) {
+      ObjectValues::const_iterator itLast = value_.map_->end();
+      --itLast;
+      return (*itLast).first.index() + 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  case objectValue:
+    return ArrayIndex(value_.map_->size());
+  }
+  JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
+  return 0; // unreachable;
+}
+
+bool Value::empty() const {
+  if (isNull() || isArray() || isObject())
+    return size() == 0u;
+  else
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool Value::operator!() const { return isNull(); }
+
+void Value::clear() {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type_ == nullValue || type_ == arrayValue ||
+                          type_ == objectValue,
+                      "in Json::Value::clear(): requires complex value");
+  start_ = 0;
+  limit_ = 0;
+  switch (type_) {
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    value_.map_->clear();
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+void Value::resize(ArrayIndex newSize) {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type_ == nullValue || type_ == arrayValue,
+                      "in Json::Value::resize(): requires arrayValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue)
+    *this = Value(arrayValue);
+  ArrayIndex oldSize = size();
+  if (newSize == 0)
+    clear();
+  else if (newSize > oldSize)
+    (*this)[newSize - 1];
+  else {
+    for (ArrayIndex index = newSize; index < oldSize; ++index) {
+      value_.map_->erase(index);
+    }
+    assert(size() == newSize);
+  }
+}
+
+Value& Value::operator[](ArrayIndex index) {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      type_ == nullValue || type_ == arrayValue,
+      "in Json::Value::operator[](ArrayIndex): requires arrayValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue)
+    *this = Value(arrayValue);
+  CZString key(index);
+  ObjectValues::iterator it = value_.map_->lower_bound(key);
+  if (it != value_.map_->end() && (*it).first == key)
+    return (*it).second;
+
+  ObjectValues::value_type defaultValue(key, nullRef);
+  it = value_.map_->insert(it, defaultValue);
+  return (*it).second;
+}
+
+Value& Value::operator[](int index) {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      index >= 0,
+      "in Json::Value::operator[](int index): index cannot be negative");
+  return (*this)[ArrayIndex(index)];
+}
+
+const Value& Value::operator[](ArrayIndex index) const {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      type_ == nullValue || type_ == arrayValue,
+      "in Json::Value::operator[](ArrayIndex)const: requires arrayValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue)
+    return nullRef;
+  CZString key(index);
+  ObjectValues::const_iterator it = value_.map_->find(key);
+  if (it == value_.map_->end())
+    return nullRef;
+  return (*it).second;
+}
+
+const Value& Value::operator[](int index) const {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      index >= 0,
+      "in Json::Value::operator[](int index) const: index cannot be negative");
+  return (*this)[ArrayIndex(index)];
+}
+
+void Value::initBasic(ValueType vtype, bool allocated) {
+  type_ = vtype;
+  allocated_ = allocated;
+  comments_ = 0;
+  start_ = 0;
+  limit_ = 0;
+}
+
+// Access an object value by name, create a null member if it does not exist.
+// @pre Type of '*this' is object or null.
+// @param key is null-terminated.
+Value& Value::resolveReference(const char* key) {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      type_ == nullValue || type_ == objectValue,
+      "in Json::Value::resolveReference(): requires objectValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue)
+    *this = Value(objectValue);
+  CZString actualKey(
+      key, static_cast<unsigned>(strlen(key)), CZString::noDuplication); // NOTE!
+  ObjectValues::iterator it = value_.map_->lower_bound(actualKey);
+  if (it != value_.map_->end() && (*it).first == actualKey)
+    return (*it).second;
+
+  ObjectValues::value_type defaultValue(actualKey, nullRef);
+  it = value_.map_->insert(it, defaultValue);
+  Value& value = (*it).second;
+  return value;
+}
+
+// @param key is not null-terminated.
+Value& Value::resolveReference(char const* key, char const* cend)
+{
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      type_ == nullValue || type_ == objectValue,
+      "in Json::Value::resolveReference(key, end): requires objectValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue)
+    *this = Value(objectValue);
+  CZString actualKey(
+      key, static_cast<unsigned>(cend-key), CZString::duplicateOnCopy);
+  ObjectValues::iterator it = value_.map_->lower_bound(actualKey);
+  if (it != value_.map_->end() && (*it).first == actualKey)
+    return (*it).second;
+
+  ObjectValues::value_type defaultValue(actualKey, nullRef);
+  it = value_.map_->insert(it, defaultValue);
+  Value& value = (*it).second;
+  return value;
+}
+
+Value Value::get(ArrayIndex index, const Value& defaultValue) const {
+  const Value* value = &((*this)[index]);
+  return value == &nullRef ? defaultValue : *value;
+}
+
+bool Value::isValidIndex(ArrayIndex index) const { return index < size(); }
+
+Value const* Value::find(char const* key, char const* cend) const
+{
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      type_ == nullValue || type_ == objectValue,
+      "in Json::Value::find(key, end, found): requires objectValue or nullValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue) return NULL;
+  CZString actualKey(key, static_cast<unsigned>(cend-key), CZString::noDuplication);
+  ObjectValues::const_iterator it = value_.map_->find(actualKey);
+  if (it == value_.map_->end()) return NULL;
+  return &(*it).second;
+}
+const Value& Value::operator[](const char* key) const
+{
+  Value const* found = find(key, key + strlen(key));
+  if (!found) return nullRef;
+  return *found;
+}
+Value const& Value::operator[](std::string const& key) const
+{
+  Value const* found = find(key.data(), key.data() + key.length());
+  if (!found) return nullRef;
+  return *found;
+}
+
+Value& Value::operator[](const char* key) {
+  return resolveReference(key, key + strlen(key));
+}
+
+Value& Value::operator[](const std::string& key) {
+  return resolveReference(key.data(), key.data() + key.length());
+}
+
+Value& Value::operator[](const StaticString& key) {
+  return resolveReference(key.c_str());
+}
+
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+Value& Value::operator[](const CppTL::ConstString& key) {
+  return resolveReference(key.c_str(), key.end_c_str());
+}
+Value const& Value::operator[](CppTL::ConstString const& key) const
+{
+  Value const* found = find(key.c_str(), key.end_c_str());
+  if (!found) return nullRef;
+  return *found;
+}
+#endif
+
+Value& Value::append(const Value& value) { return (*this)[size()] = value; }
+
+Value Value::get(char const* key, char const* cend, Value const& defaultValue) const
+{
+  Value const* found = find(key, cend);
+  return !found ? defaultValue : *found;
+}
+Value Value::get(char const* key, Value const& defaultValue) const
+{
+  return get(key, key + strlen(key), defaultValue);
+}
+Value Value::get(std::string const& key, Value const& defaultValue) const
+{
+  return get(key.data(), key.data() + key.length(), defaultValue);
+}
+
+
+bool Value::removeMember(const char* key, const char* cend, Value* removed)
+{
+  if (type_ != objectValue) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  CZString actualKey(key, static_cast<unsigned>(cend-key), CZString::noDuplication);
+  ObjectValues::iterator it = value_.map_->find(actualKey);
+  if (it == value_.map_->end())
+    return false;
+  *removed = it->second;
+  value_.map_->erase(it);
+  return true;
+}
+bool Value::removeMember(const char* key, Value* removed)
+{
+  return removeMember(key, key + strlen(key), removed);
+}
+bool Value::removeMember(std::string const& key, Value* removed)
+{
+  return removeMember(key.data(), key.data() + key.length(), removed);
+}
+Value Value::removeMember(const char* key)
+{
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type_ == nullValue || type_ == objectValue,
+                      "in Json::Value::removeMember(): requires objectValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue)
+    return nullRef;
+
+  Value removed;  // null
+  removeMember(key, key + strlen(key), &removed);
+  return removed; // still null if removeMember() did nothing
+}
+Value Value::removeMember(const std::string& key)
+{
+  return removeMember(key.c_str());
+}
+
+bool Value::removeIndex(ArrayIndex index, Value* removed) {
+  if (type_ != arrayValue) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  CZString key(index);
+  ObjectValues::iterator it = value_.map_->find(key);
+  if (it == value_.map_->end()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *removed = it->second;
+  ArrayIndex oldSize = size();
+  // shift left all items left, into the place of the "removed"
+  for (ArrayIndex i = index; i < (oldSize - 1); ++i){
+    CZString keey(i);
+    (*value_.map_)[keey] = (*this)[i + 1];
+  }
+  // erase the last one ("leftover")
+  CZString keyLast(oldSize - 1);
+  ObjectValues::iterator itLast = value_.map_->find(keyLast);
+  value_.map_->erase(itLast);
+  return true;
+}
+
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+Value Value::get(const CppTL::ConstString& key,
+                 const Value& defaultValue) const {
+  return get(key.c_str(), key.end_c_str(), defaultValue);
+}
+#endif
+
+bool Value::isMember(char const* key, char const* cend) const
+{
+  Value const* value = find(key, cend);
+  return NULL != value;
+}
+bool Value::isMember(char const* key) const
+{
+  return isMember(key, key + strlen(key));
+}
+bool Value::isMember(std::string const& key) const
+{
+  return isMember(key.data(), key.data() + key.length());
+}
+
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+bool Value::isMember(const CppTL::ConstString& key) const {
+  return isMember(key.c_str(), key.end_c_str());
+}
+#endif
+
+Value::Members Value::getMemberNames() const {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      type_ == nullValue || type_ == objectValue,
+      "in Json::Value::getMemberNames(), value must be objectValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue)
+    return Value::Members();
+  Members members;
+  members.reserve(value_.map_->size());
+  ObjectValues::const_iterator it = value_.map_->begin();
+  ObjectValues::const_iterator itEnd = value_.map_->end();
+  for (; it != itEnd; ++it) {
+    members.push_back(std::string((*it).first.data(),
+                                  (*it).first.length()));
+  }
+  return members;
+}
+//
+//# ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+// EnumMemberNames
+// Value::enumMemberNames() const
+//{
+//   if ( type_ == objectValue )
+//   {
+//      return CppTL::Enum::any(  CppTL::Enum::transform(
+//         CppTL::Enum::keys( *(value_.map_), CppTL::Type<const CZString &>() ),
+//         MemberNamesTransform() ) );
+//   }
+//   return EnumMemberNames();
+//}
+//
+//
+// EnumValues
+// Value::enumValues() const
+//{
+//   if ( type_ == objectValue  ||  type_ == arrayValue )
+//      return CppTL::Enum::anyValues( *(value_.map_),
+//                                     CppTL::Type<const Value &>() );
+//   return EnumValues();
+//}
+//
+//# endif
+
+static bool IsIntegral(double d) {
+  double integral_part;
+  return modf(d, &integral_part) == 0.0;
+}
+
+bool Value::isNull() const { return type_ == nullValue; }
+
+bool Value::isBool() const { return type_ == booleanValue; }
+
+bool Value::isInt() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    return value_.int_ >= minInt && value_.int_ <= maxInt;
+  case uintValue:
+    return value_.uint_ <= UInt(maxInt);
+  case realValue:
+    return value_.real_ >= minInt && value_.real_ <= maxInt &&
+           IsIntegral(value_.real_);
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Value::isUInt() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    return value_.int_ >= 0 && LargestUInt(value_.int_) <= LargestUInt(maxUInt);
+  case uintValue:
+    return value_.uint_ <= maxUInt;
+  case realValue:
+    return value_.real_ >= 0 && value_.real_ <= maxUInt &&
+           IsIntegral(value_.real_);
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Value::isInt64() const {
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    return true;
+  case uintValue:
+    return value_.uint_ <= UInt64(maxInt64);
+  case realValue:
+    // Note that maxInt64 (= 2^63 - 1) is not exactly representable as a
+    // double, so double(maxInt64) will be rounded up to 2^63. Therefore we
+    // require the value to be strictly less than the limit.
+    return value_.real_ >= double(minInt64) &&
+           value_.real_ < double(maxInt64) && IsIntegral(value_.real_);
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+#endif // JSON_HAS_INT64
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Value::isUInt64() const {
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    return value_.int_ >= 0;
+  case uintValue:
+    return true;
+  case realValue:
+    // Note that maxUInt64 (= 2^64 - 1) is not exactly representable as a
+    // double, so double(maxUInt64) will be rounded up to 2^64. Therefore we
+    // require the value to be strictly less than the limit.
+    return value_.real_ >= 0 && value_.real_ < maxUInt64AsDouble &&
+           IsIntegral(value_.real_);
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+#endif // JSON_HAS_INT64
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Value::isIntegral() const {
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  return isInt64() || isUInt64();
+#else
+  return isInt() || isUInt();
+#endif
+}
+
+bool Value::isDouble() const { return type_ == realValue || isIntegral(); }
+
+bool Value::isNumeric() const { return isIntegral() || isDouble(); }
+
+bool Value::isString() const { return type_ == stringValue; }
+
+bool Value::isArray() const { return type_ == arrayValue; }
+
+bool Value::isObject() const { return type_ == objectValue; }
+
+void Value::setComment(const char* comment, size_t len, CommentPlacement placement) {
+  if (!comments_)
+    comments_ = new CommentInfo[numberOfCommentPlacement];
+  if ((len > 0) && (comment[len-1] == '\n')) {
+    // Always discard trailing newline, to aid indentation.
+    len -= 1;
+  }
+  comments_[placement].setComment(comment, len);
+}
+
+void Value::setComment(const char* comment, CommentPlacement placement) {
+  setComment(comment, strlen(comment), placement);
+}
+
+void Value::setComment(const std::string& comment, CommentPlacement placement) {
+  setComment(comment.c_str(), comment.length(), placement);
+}
+
+bool Value::hasComment(CommentPlacement placement) const {
+  return comments_ != 0 && comments_[placement].comment_ != 0;
+}
+
+std::string Value::getComment(CommentPlacement placement) const {
+  if (hasComment(placement))
+    return comments_[placement].comment_;
+  return "";
+}
+
+void Value::setOffsetStart(size_t start) { start_ = start; }
+
+void Value::setOffsetLimit(size_t limit) { limit_ = limit; }
+
+size_t Value::getOffsetStart() const { return start_; }
+
+size_t Value::getOffsetLimit() const { return limit_; }
+
+std::string Value::toStyledString() const {
+  StyledWriter writer;
+  return writer.write(*this);
+}
+
+Value::const_iterator Value::begin() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    if (value_.map_)
+      return const_iterator(value_.map_->begin());
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  return const_iterator();
+}
+
+Value::const_iterator Value::end() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    if (value_.map_)
+      return const_iterator(value_.map_->end());
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  return const_iterator();
+}
+
+Value::iterator Value::begin() {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    if (value_.map_)
+      return iterator(value_.map_->begin());
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  return iterator();
+}
+
+Value::iterator Value::end() {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    if (value_.map_)
+      return iterator(value_.map_->end());
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  return iterator();
+}
+
+// class PathArgument
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+PathArgument::PathArgument() : key_(), index_(), kind_(kindNone) {}
+
+PathArgument::PathArgument(ArrayIndex index)
+    : key_(), index_(index), kind_(kindIndex) {}
+
+PathArgument::PathArgument(const char* key)
+    : key_(key), index_(), kind_(kindKey) {}
+
+PathArgument::PathArgument(const std::string& key)
+    : key_(key.c_str()), index_(), kind_(kindKey) {}
+
+// class Path
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+Path::Path(const std::string& path,
+           const PathArgument& a1,
+           const PathArgument& a2,
+           const PathArgument& a3,
+           const PathArgument& a4,
+           const PathArgument& a5) {
+  InArgs in;
+  in.push_back(&a1);
+  in.push_back(&a2);
+  in.push_back(&a3);
+  in.push_back(&a4);
+  in.push_back(&a5);
+  makePath(path, in);
+}
+
+void Path::makePath(const std::string& path, const InArgs& in) {
+  const char* current = path.c_str();
+  const char* end = current + path.length();
+  InArgs::const_iterator itInArg = in.begin();
+  while (current != end) {
+    if (*current == '[') {
+      ++current;
+      if (*current == '%')
+        addPathInArg(path, in, itInArg, PathArgument::kindIndex);
+      else {
+        ArrayIndex index = 0;
+        for (; current != end && *current >= '0' && *current <= '9'; ++current)
+          index = index * 10 + ArrayIndex(*current - '0');
+        args_.push_back(index);
+      }
+      if (current == end || *current++ != ']')
+        invalidPath(path, int(current - path.c_str()));
+    } else if (*current == '%') {
+      addPathInArg(path, in, itInArg, PathArgument::kindKey);
+      ++current;
+    } else if (*current == '.') {
+      ++current;
+    } else {
+      const char* beginName = current;
+      while (current != end && !strchr("[.", *current))
+        ++current;
+      args_.push_back(std::string(beginName, current));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Path::addPathInArg(const std::string& /*path*/,
+                        const InArgs& in,
+                        InArgs::const_iterator& itInArg,
+                        PathArgument::Kind kind) {
+  if (itInArg == in.end()) {
+    // Error: missing argument %d
+  } else if ((*itInArg)->kind_ != kind) {
+    // Error: bad argument type
+  } else {
+    args_.push_back(**itInArg);
+  }
+}
+
+void Path::invalidPath(const std::string& /*path*/, int /*location*/) {
+  // Error: invalid path.
+}
+
+const Value& Path::resolve(const Value& root) const {
+  const Value* node = &root;
+  for (Args::const_iterator it = args_.begin(); it != args_.end(); ++it) {
+    const PathArgument& arg = *it;
+    if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindIndex) {
+      if (!node->isArray() || !node->isValidIndex(arg.index_)) {
+        // Error: unable to resolve path (array value expected at position...
+      }
+      node = &((*node)[arg.index_]);
+    } else if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindKey) {
+      if (!node->isObject()) {
+        // Error: unable to resolve path (object value expected at position...)
+      }
+      node = &((*node)[arg.key_]);
+      if (node == &Value::nullRef) {
+        // Error: unable to resolve path (object has no member named '' at
+        // position...)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return *node;
+}
+
+Value Path::resolve(const Value& root, const Value& defaultValue) const {
+  const Value* node = &root;
+  for (Args::const_iterator it = args_.begin(); it != args_.end(); ++it) {
+    const PathArgument& arg = *it;
+    if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindIndex) {
+      if (!node->isArray() || !node->isValidIndex(arg.index_))
+        return defaultValue;
+      node = &((*node)[arg.index_]);
+    } else if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindKey) {
+      if (!node->isObject())
+        return defaultValue;
+      node = &((*node)[arg.key_]);
+      if (node == &Value::nullRef)
+        return defaultValue;
+    }
+  }
+  return *node;
+}
+
+Value& Path::make(Value& root) const {
+  Value* node = &root;
+  for (Args::const_iterator it = args_.begin(); it != args_.end(); ++it) {
+    const PathArgument& arg = *it;
+    if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindIndex) {
+      if (!node->isArray()) {
+        // Error: node is not an array at position ...
+      }
+      node = &((*node)[arg.index_]);
+    } else if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindKey) {
+      if (!node->isObject()) {
+        // Error: node is not an object at position...
+      }
+      node = &((*node)[arg.key_]);
+    }
+  }
+  return *node;
+}
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: src/lib_json/json_value.cpp
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: src/lib_json/json_writer.cpp
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2011 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <json/writer.h>
+#include "json_tool.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <utility>
+#include <set>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1200 && _MSC_VER < 1800 // Between VC++ 6.0 and VC++ 11.0
+#include <float.h>
+#define isfinite _finite
+#elif defined(__sun) && defined(__SVR4) //Solaris
+#if !defined(isfinite)
+#include <ieeefp.h>
+#define isfinite finite
+#endif
+#elif defined(_AIX)
+#if !defined(isfinite)
+#include <math.h>
+#define isfinite finite
+#endif
+#elif defined(__hpux)
+#if !defined(isfinite)
+#if defined(__ia64) && !defined(finite)
+#define isfinite(x) ((sizeof(x) == sizeof(float) ? \
+                     _Isfinitef(x) : _IsFinite(x)))
+#else
+#include <math.h>
+#define isfinite finite
+#endif
+#endif
+#else
+#include <cmath>
+#if !(defined(__QNXNTO__)) // QNX already defines isfinite
+#define isfinite std::isfinite
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#if !defined(WINCE) && defined(__STDC_SECURE_LIB__) && _MSC_VER >= 1500 // VC++ 9.0 and above
+#define snprintf sprintf_s
+#elif _MSC_VER >= 1900 // VC++ 14.0 and above
+#define snprintf std::snprintf
+#else
+#define snprintf _snprintf
+#endif
+#elif defined(__ANDROID__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
+#define snprintf snprintf
+#elif __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#define snprintf std::snprintf
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#include <float.h>
+#define isfinite _finite
+#define snprintf _snprintf
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400 // VC++ 8.0
+// Disable warning about strdup being deprecated.
+#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
+#endif
+
+namespace Json {
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L || (defined(_CPPLIB_VER) && _CPPLIB_VER >= 520)
+typedef std::unique_ptr<StreamWriter> StreamWriterPtr;
+#else
+typedef std::auto_ptr<StreamWriter>   StreamWriterPtr;
+#endif
+
+static bool containsControlCharacter(const char* str) {
+  while (*str) {
+    if (isControlCharacter(*(str++)))
+      return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool containsControlCharacter0(const char* str, unsigned len) {
+  char const* end = str + len;
+  while (end != str) {
+    if (isControlCharacter(*str) || 0==*str)
+      return true;
+    ++str;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+std::string valueToString(LargestInt value) {
+  UIntToStringBuffer buffer;
+  char* current = buffer + sizeof(buffer);
+  if (value == Value::minLargestInt) {
+    uintToString(LargestUInt(Value::maxLargestInt) + 1, current);
+    *--current = '-';
+  } else if (value < 0) {
+    uintToString(LargestUInt(-value), current);
+    *--current = '-';
+  } else {
+    uintToString(LargestUInt(value), current);
+  }
+  assert(current >= buffer);
+  return current;
+}
+
+std::string valueToString(LargestUInt value) {
+  UIntToStringBuffer buffer;
+  char* current = buffer + sizeof(buffer);
+  uintToString(value, current);
+  assert(current >= buffer);
+  return current;
+}
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+
+std::string valueToString(Int value) {
+  return valueToString(LargestInt(value));
+}
+
+std::string valueToString(UInt value) {
+  return valueToString(LargestUInt(value));
+}
+
+#endif // # if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+
+std::string valueToString(double value, bool useSpecialFloats, unsigned int precision) {
+  // Allocate a buffer that is more than large enough to store the 16 digits of
+  // precision requested below.
+  char buffer[32];
+  int len = -1;
+
+  char formatString[6];
+  sprintf(formatString, "%%.%dg", precision);
+
+  // Print into the buffer. We need not request the alternative representation
+  // that always has a decimal point because JSON doesn't distingish the
+  // concepts of reals and integers.
+  if (isfinite(value)) {
+    len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), formatString, value);
+  } else {
+    // IEEE standard states that NaN values will not compare to themselves
+    if (value != value) {
+      len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), useSpecialFloats ? "NaN" : "null");
+    } else if (value < 0) {
+      len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), useSpecialFloats ? "-Infinity" : "-1e+9999");
+    } else {
+      len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), useSpecialFloats ? "Infinity" : "1e+9999");
+    }
+    // For those, we do not need to call fixNumLoc, but it is fast.
+  }
+  assert(len >= 0);
+  fixNumericLocale(buffer, buffer + len);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+std::string valueToString(double value) { return valueToString(value, false, 17); }
+
+std::string valueToString(bool value) { return value ? "true" : "false"; }
+
+std::string valueToQuotedString(const char* value) {
+  if (value == NULL)
+    return "";
+  // Not sure how to handle unicode...
+  if (strpbrk(value, "\"\\\b\f\n\r\t") == NULL &&
+      !containsControlCharacter(value))
+    return std::string("\"") + value + "\"";
+  // We have to walk value and escape any special characters.
+  // Appending to std::string is not efficient, but this should be rare.
+  // (Note: forward slashes are *not* rare, but I am not escaping them.)
+  std::string::size_type maxsize =
+      strlen(value) * 2 + 3; // allescaped+quotes+NULL
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(maxsize); // to avoid lots of mallocs
+  result += "\"";
+  for (const char* c = value; *c != 0; ++c) {
+    switch (*c) {
+    case '\"':
+      result += "\\\"";
+      break;
+    case '\\':
+      result += "\\\\";
+      break;
+    case '\b':
+      result += "\\b";
+      break;
+    case '\f':
+      result += "\\f";
+      break;
+    case '\n':
+      result += "\\n";
+      break;
+    case '\r':
+      result += "\\r";
+      break;
+    case '\t':
+      result += "\\t";
+      break;
+    // case '/':
+    // Even though \/ is considered a legal escape in JSON, a bare
+    // slash is also legal, so I see no reason to escape it.
+    // (I hope I am not misunderstanding something.
+    // blep notes: actually escaping \/ may be useful in javascript to avoid </
+    // sequence.
+    // Should add a flag to allow this compatibility mode and prevent this
+    // sequence from occurring.
+    default:
+      if (isControlCharacter(*c)) {
+        std::ostringstream oss;
+        oss << "\\u" << std::hex << std::uppercase << std::setfill('0')
+            << std::setw(4) << static_cast<int>(*c);
+        result += oss.str();
+      } else {
+        result += *c;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  result += "\"";
+  return result;
+}
+
+// https://github.com/upcaste/upcaste/blob/master/src/upcore/src/cstring/strnpbrk.cpp
+static char const* strnpbrk(char const* s, char const* accept, size_t n) {
+  assert((s || !n) && accept);
+
+  char const* const end = s + n;
+  for (char const* cur = s; cur < end; ++cur) {
+    int const c = *cur;
+    for (char const* a = accept; *a; ++a) {
+      if (*a == c) {
+        return cur;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+static std::string valueToQuotedStringN(const char* value, unsigned length) {
+  if (value == NULL)
+    return "";
+  // Not sure how to handle unicode...
+  if (strnpbrk(value, "\"\\\b\f\n\r\t", length) == NULL &&
+      !containsControlCharacter0(value, length))
+    return std::string("\"") + value + "\"";
+  // We have to walk value and escape any special characters.
+  // Appending to std::string is not efficient, but this should be rare.
+  // (Note: forward slashes are *not* rare, but I am not escaping them.)
+  std::string::size_type maxsize =
+      length * 2 + 3; // allescaped+quotes+NULL
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(maxsize); // to avoid lots of mallocs
+  result += "\"";
+  char const* end = value + length;
+  for (const char* c = value; c != end; ++c) {
+    switch (*c) {
+    case '\"':
+      result += "\\\"";
+      break;
+    case '\\':
+      result += "\\\\";
+      break;
+    case '\b':
+      result += "\\b";
+      break;
+    case '\f':
+      result += "\\f";
+      break;
+    case '\n':
+      result += "\\n";
+      break;
+    case '\r':
+      result += "\\r";
+      break;
+    case '\t':
+      result += "\\t";
+      break;
+    // case '/':
+    // Even though \/ is considered a legal escape in JSON, a bare
+    // slash is also legal, so I see no reason to escape it.
+    // (I hope I am not misunderstanding something.)
+    // blep notes: actually escaping \/ may be useful in javascript to avoid </
+    // sequence.
+    // Should add a flag to allow this compatibility mode and prevent this
+    // sequence from occurring.
+    default:
+      if ((isControlCharacter(*c)) || (*c == 0)) {
+        std::ostringstream oss;
+        oss << "\\u" << std::hex << std::uppercase << std::setfill('0')
+            << std::setw(4) << static_cast<int>(*c);
+        result += oss.str();
+      } else {
+        result += *c;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  result += "\"";
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Class Writer
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+Writer::~Writer() {}
+
+// Class FastWriter
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+FastWriter::FastWriter()
+    : yamlCompatiblityEnabled_(false), dropNullPlaceholders_(false),
+      omitEndingLineFeed_(false) {}
+
+void FastWriter::enableYAMLCompatibility() { yamlCompatiblityEnabled_ = true; }
+
+void FastWriter::dropNullPlaceholders() { dropNullPlaceholders_ = true; }
+
+void FastWriter::omitEndingLineFeed() { omitEndingLineFeed_ = true; }
+
+std::string FastWriter::write(const Value& root) {
+  document_ = "";
+  writeValue(root);
+  if (!omitEndingLineFeed_)
+    document_ += "\n";
+  return document_;
+}
+
+void FastWriter::writeValue(const Value& value) {
+  switch (value.type()) {
+  case nullValue:
+    if (!dropNullPlaceholders_)
+      document_ += "null";
+    break;
+  case intValue:
+    document_ += valueToString(value.asLargestInt());
+    break;
+  case uintValue:
+    document_ += valueToString(value.asLargestUInt());
+    break;
+  case realValue:
+    document_ += valueToString(value.asDouble());
+    break;
+  case stringValue:
+  {
+    // Is NULL possible for value.string_?
+    char const* str;
+    char const* end;
+    bool ok = value.getString(&str, &end);
+    if (ok) document_ += valueToQuotedStringN(str, static_cast<unsigned>(end-str));
+    break;
+  }
+  case booleanValue:
+    document_ += valueToString(value.asBool());
+    break;
+  case arrayValue: {
+    document_ += '[';
+    int size = value.size();
+    for (int index = 0; index < size; ++index) {
+      if (index > 0)
+        document_ += ',';
+      writeValue(value[index]);
+    }
+    document_ += ']';
+  } break;
+  case objectValue: {
+    Value::Members members(value.getMemberNames());
+    document_ += '{';
+    for (Value::Members::iterator it = members.begin(); it != members.end();
+         ++it) {
+      const std::string& name = *it;
+      if (it != members.begin())
+        document_ += ',';
+      document_ += valueToQuotedStringN(name.data(), static_cast<unsigned>(name.length()));
+      document_ += yamlCompatiblityEnabled_ ? ": " : ":";
+      writeValue(value[name]);
+    }
+    document_ += '}';
+  } break;
+  }
+}
+
+// Class StyledWriter
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+StyledWriter::StyledWriter()
+    : rightMargin_(74), indentSize_(3), addChildValues_() {}
+
+std::string StyledWriter::write(const Value& root) {
+  document_ = "";
+  addChildValues_ = false;
+  indentString_ = "";
+  writeCommentBeforeValue(root);
+  writeValue(root);
+  writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(root);
+  document_ += "\n";
+  return document_;
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::writeValue(const Value& value) {
+  switch (value.type()) {
+  case nullValue:
+    pushValue("null");
+    break;
+  case intValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asLargestInt()));
+    break;
+  case uintValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asLargestUInt()));
+    break;
+  case realValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asDouble()));
+    break;
+  case stringValue:
+  {
+    // Is NULL possible for value.string_?
+    char const* str;
+    char const* end;
+    bool ok = value.getString(&str, &end);
+    if (ok) pushValue(valueToQuotedStringN(str, static_cast<unsigned>(end-str)));
+    else pushValue("");
+    break;
+  }
+  case booleanValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asBool()));
+    break;
+  case arrayValue:
+    writeArrayValue(value);
+    break;
+  case objectValue: {
+    Value::Members members(value.getMemberNames());
+    if (members.empty())
+      pushValue("{}");
+    else {
+      writeWithIndent("{");
+      indent();
+      Value::Members::iterator it = members.begin();
+      for (;;) {
+        const std::string& name = *it;
+        const Value& childValue = value[name];
+        writeCommentBeforeValue(childValue);
+        writeWithIndent(valueToQuotedString(name.c_str()));
+        document_ += " : ";
+        writeValue(childValue);
+        if (++it == members.end()) {
+          writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+          break;
+        }
+        document_ += ',';
+        writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+      }
+      unindent();
+      writeWithIndent("}");
+    }
+  } break;
+  }
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::writeArrayValue(const Value& value) {
+  unsigned size = value.size();
+  if (size == 0)
+    pushValue("[]");
+  else {
+    bool isArrayMultiLine = isMultineArray(value);
+    if (isArrayMultiLine) {
+      writeWithIndent("[");
+      indent();
+      bool hasChildValue = !childValues_.empty();
+      unsigned index = 0;
+      for (;;) {
+        const Value& childValue = value[index];
+        writeCommentBeforeValue(childValue);
+        if (hasChildValue)
+          writeWithIndent(childValues_[index]);
+        else {
+          writeIndent();
+          writeValue(childValue);
+        }
+        if (++index == size) {
+          writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+          break;
+        }
+        document_ += ',';
+        writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+      }
+      unindent();
+      writeWithIndent("]");
+    } else // output on a single line
+    {
+      assert(childValues_.size() == size);
+      document_ += "[ ";
+      for (unsigned index = 0; index < size; ++index) {
+        if (index > 0)
+          document_ += ", ";
+        document_ += childValues_[index];
+      }
+      document_ += " ]";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool StyledWriter::isMultineArray(const Value& value) {
+  int size = value.size();
+  bool isMultiLine = size * 3 >= rightMargin_;
+  childValues_.clear();
+  for (int index = 0; index < size && !isMultiLine; ++index) {
+    const Value& childValue = value[index];
+    isMultiLine = ((childValue.isArray() || childValue.isObject()) &&
+                        childValue.size() > 0);
+  }
+  if (!isMultiLine) // check if line length > max line length
+  {
+    childValues_.reserve(size);
+    addChildValues_ = true;
+    int lineLength = 4 + (size - 1) * 2; // '[ ' + ', '*n + ' ]'
+    for (int index = 0; index < size; ++index) {
+      if (hasCommentForValue(value[index])) {
+        isMultiLine = true;
+      }
+      writeValue(value[index]);
+      lineLength += int(childValues_[index].length());
+    }
+    addChildValues_ = false;
+    isMultiLine = isMultiLine || lineLength >= rightMargin_;
+  }
+  return isMultiLine;
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::pushValue(const std::string& value) {
+  if (addChildValues_)
+    childValues_.push_back(value);
+  else
+    document_ += value;
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::writeIndent() {
+  if (!document_.empty()) {
+    char last = document_[document_.length() - 1];
+    if (last == ' ') // already indented
+      return;
+    if (last != '\n') // Comments may add new-line
+      document_ += '\n';
+  }
+  document_ += indentString_;
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::writeWithIndent(const std::string& value) {
+  writeIndent();
+  document_ += value;
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::indent() { indentString_ += std::string(indentSize_, ' '); }
+
+void StyledWriter::unindent() {
+  assert(int(indentString_.size()) >= indentSize_);
+  indentString_.resize(indentString_.size() - indentSize_);
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::writeCommentBeforeValue(const Value& root) {
+  if (!root.hasComment(commentBefore))
+    return;
+
+  document_ += "\n";
+  writeIndent();
+  const std::string& comment = root.getComment(commentBefore);
+  std::string::const_iterator iter = comment.begin();
+  while (iter != comment.end()) {
+    document_ += *iter;
+    if (*iter == '\n' &&
+       (iter != comment.end() && *(iter + 1) == '/'))
+      writeIndent();
+    ++iter;
+  }
+
+  // Comments are stripped of trailing newlines, so add one here
+  document_ += "\n";
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(const Value& root) {
+  if (root.hasComment(commentAfterOnSameLine))
+    document_ += " " + root.getComment(commentAfterOnSameLine);
+
+  if (root.hasComment(commentAfter)) {
+    document_ += "\n";
+    document_ += root.getComment(commentAfter);
+    document_ += "\n";
+  }
+}
+
+bool StyledWriter::hasCommentForValue(const Value& value) {
+  return value.hasComment(commentBefore) ||
+         value.hasComment(commentAfterOnSameLine) ||
+         value.hasComment(commentAfter);
+}
+
+// Class StyledStreamWriter
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+StyledStreamWriter::StyledStreamWriter(std::string indentation)
+    : document_(NULL), rightMargin_(74), indentation_(indentation),
+      addChildValues_() {}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::write(std::ostream& out, const Value& root) {
+  document_ = &out;
+  addChildValues_ = false;
+  indentString_ = "";
+  indented_ = true;
+  writeCommentBeforeValue(root);
+  if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+  indented_ = true;
+  writeValue(root);
+  writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(root);
+  *document_ << "\n";
+  document_ = NULL; // Forget the stream, for safety.
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::writeValue(const Value& value) {
+  switch (value.type()) {
+  case nullValue:
+    pushValue("null");
+    break;
+  case intValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asLargestInt()));
+    break;
+  case uintValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asLargestUInt()));
+    break;
+  case realValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asDouble()));
+    break;
+  case stringValue:
+  {
+    // Is NULL possible for value.string_?
+    char const* str;
+    char const* end;
+    bool ok = value.getString(&str, &end);
+    if (ok) pushValue(valueToQuotedStringN(str, static_cast<unsigned>(end-str)));
+    else pushValue("");
+    break;
+  }
+  case booleanValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asBool()));
+    break;
+  case arrayValue:
+    writeArrayValue(value);
+    break;
+  case objectValue: {
+    Value::Members members(value.getMemberNames());
+    if (members.empty())
+      pushValue("{}");
+    else {
+      writeWithIndent("{");
+      indent();
+      Value::Members::iterator it = members.begin();
+      for (;;) {
+        const std::string& name = *it;
+        const Value& childValue = value[name];
+        writeCommentBeforeValue(childValue);
+        writeWithIndent(valueToQuotedString(name.c_str()));
+        *document_ << " : ";
+        writeValue(childValue);
+        if (++it == members.end()) {
+          writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+          break;
+        }
+        *document_ << ",";
+        writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+      }
+      unindent();
+      writeWithIndent("}");
+    }
+  } break;
+  }
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::writeArrayValue(const Value& value) {
+  unsigned size = value.size();
+  if (size == 0)
+    pushValue("[]");
+  else {
+    bool isArrayMultiLine = isMultineArray(value);
+    if (isArrayMultiLine) {
+      writeWithIndent("[");
+      indent();
+      bool hasChildValue = !childValues_.empty();
+      unsigned index = 0;
+      for (;;) {
+        const Value& childValue = value[index];
+        writeCommentBeforeValue(childValue);
+        if (hasChildValue)
+          writeWithIndent(childValues_[index]);
+        else {
+          if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+          indented_ = true;
+          writeValue(childValue);
+          indented_ = false;
+        }
+        if (++index == size) {
+          writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+          break;
+        }
+        *document_ << ",";
+        writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+      }
+      unindent();
+      writeWithIndent("]");
+    } else // output on a single line
+    {
+      assert(childValues_.size() == size);
+      *document_ << "[ ";
+      for (unsigned index = 0; index < size; ++index) {
+        if (index > 0)
+          *document_ << ", ";
+        *document_ << childValues_[index];
+      }
+      *document_ << " ]";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool StyledStreamWriter::isMultineArray(const Value& value) {
+  int size = value.size();
+  bool isMultiLine = size * 3 >= rightMargin_;
+  childValues_.clear();
+  for (int index = 0; index < size && !isMultiLine; ++index) {
+    const Value& childValue = value[index];
+    isMultiLine = ((childValue.isArray() || childValue.isObject()) &&
+                        childValue.size() > 0);
+  }
+  if (!isMultiLine) // check if line length > max line length
+  {
+    childValues_.reserve(size);
+    addChildValues_ = true;
+    int lineLength = 4 + (size - 1) * 2; // '[ ' + ', '*n + ' ]'
+    for (int index = 0; index < size; ++index) {
+      if (hasCommentForValue(value[index])) {
+        isMultiLine = true;
+      }
+      writeValue(value[index]);
+      lineLength += int(childValues_[index].length());
+    }
+    addChildValues_ = false;
+    isMultiLine = isMultiLine || lineLength >= rightMargin_;
+  }
+  return isMultiLine;
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::pushValue(const std::string& value) {
+  if (addChildValues_)
+    childValues_.push_back(value);
+  else
+    *document_ << value;
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::writeIndent() {
+  // blep intended this to look at the so-far-written string
+  // to determine whether we are already indented, but
+  // with a stream we cannot do that. So we rely on some saved state.
+  // The caller checks indented_.
+  *document_ << '\n' << indentString_;
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::writeWithIndent(const std::string& value) {
+  if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+  *document_ << value;
+  indented_ = false;
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::indent() { indentString_ += indentation_; }
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::unindent() {
+  assert(indentString_.size() >= indentation_.size());
+  indentString_.resize(indentString_.size() - indentation_.size());
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::writeCommentBeforeValue(const Value& root) {
+  if (!root.hasComment(commentBefore))
+    return;
+
+  if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+  const std::string& comment = root.getComment(commentBefore);
+  std::string::const_iterator iter = comment.begin();
+  while (iter != comment.end()) {
+    *document_ << *iter;
+    if (*iter == '\n' &&
+       (iter != comment.end() && *(iter + 1) == '/'))
+      // writeIndent();  // would include newline
+      *document_ << indentString_;
+    ++iter;
+  }
+  indented_ = false;
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(const Value& root) {
+  if (root.hasComment(commentAfterOnSameLine))
+    *document_ << ' ' << root.getComment(commentAfterOnSameLine);
+
+  if (root.hasComment(commentAfter)) {
+    writeIndent();
+    *document_ << root.getComment(commentAfter);
+  }
+  indented_ = false;
+}
+
+bool StyledStreamWriter::hasCommentForValue(const Value& value) {
+  return value.hasComment(commentBefore) ||
+         value.hasComment(commentAfterOnSameLine) ||
+         value.hasComment(commentAfter);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////
+// BuiltStyledStreamWriter
+
+/// Scoped enums are not available until C++11.
+struct CommentStyle {
+  /// Decide whether to write comments.
+  enum Enum {
+    None,  ///< Drop all comments.
+    Most,  ///< Recover odd behavior of previous versions (not implemented yet).
+    All  ///< Keep all comments.
+  };
+};
+
+struct BuiltStyledStreamWriter : public StreamWriter
+{
+  BuiltStyledStreamWriter(
+      std::string const& indentation,
+      CommentStyle::Enum cs,
+      std::string const& colonSymbol,
+      std::string const& nullSymbol,
+      std::string const& endingLineFeedSymbol,
+      bool useSpecialFloats,
+      unsigned int precision);
+  int write(Value const& root, std::ostream* sout) override;
+private:
+  void writeValue(Value const& value);
+  void writeArrayValue(Value const& value);
+  bool isMultineArray(Value const& value);
+  void pushValue(std::string const& value);
+  void writeIndent();
+  void writeWithIndent(std::string const& value);
+  void indent();
+  void unindent();
+  void writeCommentBeforeValue(Value const& root);
+  void writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(Value const& root);
+  static bool hasCommentForValue(const Value& value);
+
+  typedef std::vector<std::string> ChildValues;
+
+  ChildValues childValues_;
+  std::string indentString_;
+  int rightMargin_;
+  std::string indentation_;
+  CommentStyle::Enum cs_;
+  std::string colonSymbol_;
+  std::string nullSymbol_;
+  std::string endingLineFeedSymbol_;
+  bool addChildValues_ : 1;
+  bool indented_ : 1;
+  bool useSpecialFloats_ : 1;
+  unsigned int precision_;
+};
+BuiltStyledStreamWriter::BuiltStyledStreamWriter(
+      std::string const& indentation,
+      CommentStyle::Enum cs,
+      std::string const& colonSymbol,
+      std::string const& nullSymbol,
+      std::string const& endingLineFeedSymbol,
+      bool useSpecialFloats,
+      unsigned int precision)
+  : rightMargin_(74)
+  , indentation_(indentation)
+  , cs_(cs)
+  , colonSymbol_(colonSymbol)
+  , nullSymbol_(nullSymbol)
+  , endingLineFeedSymbol_(endingLineFeedSymbol)
+  , addChildValues_(false)
+  , indented_(false)
+  , useSpecialFloats_(useSpecialFloats)
+  , precision_(precision)
+{
+}
+int BuiltStyledStreamWriter::write(Value const& root, std::ostream* sout)
+{
+  sout_ = sout;
+  addChildValues_ = false;
+  indented_ = true;
+  indentString_ = "";
+  writeCommentBeforeValue(root);
+  if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+  indented_ = true;
+  writeValue(root);
+  writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(root);
+  *sout_ << endingLineFeedSymbol_;
+  sout_ = NULL;
+  return 0;
+}
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::writeValue(Value const& value) {
+  switch (value.type()) {
+  case nullValue:
+    pushValue(nullSymbol_);
+    break;
+  case intValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asLargestInt()));
+    break;
+  case uintValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asLargestUInt()));
+    break;
+  case realValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asDouble(), useSpecialFloats_, precision_));
+    break;
+  case stringValue:
+  {
+    // Is NULL is possible for value.string_?
+    char const* str;
+    char const* end;
+    bool ok = value.getString(&str, &end);
+    if (ok) pushValue(valueToQuotedStringN(str, static_cast<unsigned>(end-str)));
+    else pushValue("");
+    break;
+  }
+  case booleanValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asBool()));
+    break;
+  case arrayValue:
+    writeArrayValue(value);
+    break;
+  case objectValue: {
+    Value::Members members(value.getMemberNames());
+    if (members.empty())
+      pushValue("{}");
+    else {
+      writeWithIndent("{");
+      indent();
+      Value::Members::iterator it = members.begin();
+      for (;;) {
+        std::string const& name = *it;
+        Value const& childValue = value[name];
+        writeCommentBeforeValue(childValue);
+        writeWithIndent(valueToQuotedStringN(name.data(), static_cast<unsigned>(name.length())));
+        *sout_ << colonSymbol_;
+        writeValue(childValue);
+        if (++it == members.end()) {
+          writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+          break;
+        }
+        *sout_ << ",";
+        writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+      }
+      unindent();
+      writeWithIndent("}");
+    }
+  } break;
+  }
+}
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::writeArrayValue(Value const& value) {
+  unsigned size = value.size();
+  if (size == 0)
+    pushValue("[]");
+  else {
+    bool isMultiLine = (cs_ == CommentStyle::All) || isMultineArray(value);
+    if (isMultiLine) {
+      writeWithIndent("[");
+      indent();
+      bool hasChildValue = !childValues_.empty();
+      unsigned index = 0;
+      for (;;) {
+        Value const& childValue = value[index];
+        writeCommentBeforeValue(childValue);
+        if (hasChildValue)
+          writeWithIndent(childValues_[index]);
+        else {
+          if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+          indented_ = true;
+          writeValue(childValue);
+          indented_ = false;
+        }
+        if (++index == size) {
+          writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+          break;
+        }
+        *sout_ << ",";
+        writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+      }
+      unindent();
+      writeWithIndent("]");
+    } else // output on a single line
+    {
+      assert(childValues_.size() == size);
+      *sout_ << "[";
+      if (!indentation_.empty()) *sout_ << " ";
+      for (unsigned index = 0; index < size; ++index) {
+        if (index > 0)
+          *sout_ << ", ";
+        *sout_ << childValues_[index];
+      }
+      if (!indentation_.empty()) *sout_ << " ";
+      *sout_ << "]";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool BuiltStyledStreamWriter::isMultineArray(Value const& value) {
+  int size = value.size();
+  bool isMultiLine = size * 3 >= rightMargin_;
+  childValues_.clear();
+  for (int index = 0; index < size && !isMultiLine; ++index) {
+    Value const& childValue = value[index];
+    isMultiLine = ((childValue.isArray() || childValue.isObject()) &&
+                        childValue.size() > 0);
+  }
+  if (!isMultiLine) // check if line length > max line length
+  {
+    childValues_.reserve(size);
+    addChildValues_ = true;
+    int lineLength = 4 + (size - 1) * 2; // '[ ' + ', '*n + ' ]'
+    for (int index = 0; index < size; ++index) {
+      if (hasCommentForValue(value[index])) {
+        isMultiLine = true;
+      }
+      writeValue(value[index]);
+      lineLength += int(childValues_[index].length());
+    }
+    addChildValues_ = false;
+    isMultiLine = isMultiLine || lineLength >= rightMargin_;
+  }
+  return isMultiLine;
+}
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::pushValue(std::string const& value) {
+  if (addChildValues_)
+    childValues_.push_back(value);
+  else
+    *sout_ << value;
+}
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::writeIndent() {
+  // blep intended this to look at the so-far-written string
+  // to determine whether we are already indented, but
+  // with a stream we cannot do that. So we rely on some saved state.
+  // The caller checks indented_.
+
+  if (!indentation_.empty()) {
+    // In this case, drop newlines too.
+    *sout_ << '\n' << indentString_;
+  }
+}
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::writeWithIndent(std::string const& value) {
+  if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+  *sout_ << value;
+  indented_ = false;
+}
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::indent() { indentString_ += indentation_; }
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::unindent() {
+  assert(indentString_.size() >= indentation_.size());
+  indentString_.resize(indentString_.size() - indentation_.size());
+}
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::writeCommentBeforeValue(Value const& root) {
+  if (cs_ == CommentStyle::None) return;
+  if (!root.hasComment(commentBefore))
+    return;
+
+  if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+  const std::string& comment = root.getComment(commentBefore);
+  std::string::const_iterator iter = comment.begin();
+  while (iter != comment.end()) {
+    *sout_ << *iter;
+    if (*iter == '\n' &&
+       (iter != comment.end() && *(iter + 1) == '/'))
+      // writeIndent();  // would write extra newline
+      *sout_ << indentString_;
+    ++iter;
+  }
+  indented_ = false;
+}
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(Value const& root) {
+  if (cs_ == CommentStyle::None) return;
+  if (root.hasComment(commentAfterOnSameLine))
+    *sout_ << " " + root.getComment(commentAfterOnSameLine);
+
+  if (root.hasComment(commentAfter)) {
+    writeIndent();
+    *sout_ << root.getComment(commentAfter);
+  }
+}
+
+// static
+bool BuiltStyledStreamWriter::hasCommentForValue(const Value& value) {
+  return value.hasComment(commentBefore) ||
+         value.hasComment(commentAfterOnSameLine) ||
+         value.hasComment(commentAfter);
+}
+
+///////////////
+// StreamWriter
+
+StreamWriter::StreamWriter()
+    : sout_(NULL)
+{
+}
+StreamWriter::~StreamWriter()
+{
+}
+StreamWriter::Factory::~Factory()
+{}
+StreamWriterBuilder::StreamWriterBuilder()
+{
+  setDefaults(&settings_);
+}
+StreamWriterBuilder::~StreamWriterBuilder()
+{}
+StreamWriter* StreamWriterBuilder::newStreamWriter() const
+{
+  std::string indentation = settings_["indentation"].asString();
+  std::string cs_str = settings_["commentStyle"].asString();
+  bool eyc = settings_["enableYAMLCompatibility"].asBool();
+  bool dnp = settings_["dropNullPlaceholders"].asBool();
+  bool usf = settings_["useSpecialFloats"].asBool();
+  unsigned int pre = settings_["precision"].asUInt();
+  CommentStyle::Enum cs = CommentStyle::All;
+  if (cs_str == "All") {
+    cs = CommentStyle::All;
+  } else if (cs_str == "None") {
+    cs = CommentStyle::None;
+  } else {
+    throwRuntimeError("commentStyle must be 'All' or 'None'");
+  }
+  std::string colonSymbol = " : ";
+  if (eyc) {
+    colonSymbol = ": ";
+  } else if (indentation.empty()) {
+    colonSymbol = ":";
+  }
+  std::string nullSymbol = "null";
+  if (dnp) {
+    nullSymbol = "";
+  }
+  if (pre > 17) pre = 17;
+  std::string endingLineFeedSymbol = "";
+  return new BuiltStyledStreamWriter(
+      indentation, cs,
+      colonSymbol, nullSymbol, endingLineFeedSymbol, usf, pre);
+}
+static void getValidWriterKeys(std::set<std::string>* valid_keys)
+{
+  valid_keys->clear();
+  valid_keys->insert("indentation");
+  valid_keys->insert("commentStyle");
+  valid_keys->insert("enableYAMLCompatibility");
+  valid_keys->insert("dropNullPlaceholders");
+  valid_keys->insert("useSpecialFloats");
+  valid_keys->insert("precision");
+}
+bool StreamWriterBuilder::validate(Json::Value* invalid) const
+{
+  Json::Value my_invalid;
+  if (!invalid) invalid = &my_invalid;  // so we do not need to test for NULL
+  Json::Value& inv = *invalid;
+  std::set<std::string> valid_keys;
+  getValidWriterKeys(&valid_keys);
+  Value::Members keys = settings_.getMemberNames();
+  size_t n = keys.size();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    std::string const& key = keys[i];
+    if (valid_keys.find(key) == valid_keys.end()) {
+      inv[key] = settings_[key];
+    }
+  }
+  return 0u == inv.size();
+}
+Value& StreamWriterBuilder::operator[](std::string key)
+{
+  return settings_[key];
+}
+// static
+void StreamWriterBuilder::setDefaults(Json::Value* settings)
+{
+  //! [StreamWriterBuilderDefaults]
+  (*settings)["commentStyle"] = "All";
+  (*settings)["indentation"] = "\t";
+  (*settings)["enableYAMLCompatibility"] = false;
+  (*settings)["dropNullPlaceholders"] = false;
+  (*settings)["useSpecialFloats"] = false;
+  (*settings)["precision"] = 17;
+  //! [StreamWriterBuilderDefaults]
+}
+
+std::string writeString(StreamWriter::Factory const& builder, Value const& root) {
+  std::ostringstream sout;
+  StreamWriterPtr const writer(builder.newStreamWriter());
+  writer->write(root, &sout);
+  return sout.str();
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& sout, Value const& root) {
+  StreamWriterBuilder builder;
+  StreamWriterPtr const writer(builder.newStreamWriter());
+  writer->write(root, &sout);
+  return sout;
+}
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: src/lib_json/json_writer.cpp
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/update_failure_list.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/update_failure_list.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ad42ed3c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/conformance/update_failure_list.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Script to update a failure list file to add/remove failures.
+
+This is sort of like comm(1), except it recognizes comments and ignores them.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+    description='Adds/removes failures from the failure list.')
+parser.add_argument('filename', type=str, help='failure list file to update')
+parser.add_argument('--add', dest='add_list', action='append')
+parser.add_argument('--remove', dest='remove_list', action='append')
+
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+add_set = set()
+remove_set = set()
+
+for add_file in (args.add_list or []):
+  with open(add_file) as f:
+    for line in f:
+      add_set.add(line)
+
+for remove_file in (args.remove_list or []):
+  with open(remove_file) as f:
+    for line in f:
+      if line in add_set:
+        raise Exception("Asked to both add and remove test: " + line)
+      remove_set.add(line.strip())
+
+add_list = sorted(add_set, reverse=True)
+
+with open(args.filename) as in_file:
+    existing_list = in_file.read()
+
+with open(args.filename, "w") as f:
+  for line in existing_list.splitlines(True):
+    test = line.split("#")[0].strip()
+    while len(add_list) > 0 and test > add_list[-1]:
+      f.write(add_list.pop())
+    if test not in remove_set:
+      f.write(line)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/.gitignore b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0d7ae04f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Output
+bin
+obj
+project.lock.json
+TestResult.xml
+
+# Possibly legacy now?
+mono/bin
+mono/tmp
+mono/protoc
+build_output
+build_temp
+build/msbuild*.log
+lib/Microsoft.Silverlight.Testing
+lib/NUnit
+
+#
+# 	Untracked files
+#
+.vs
+*.user
+*.suo
+*.nupkg
+_ReSharper.*
+*.sln.cache
+mono/TestResult.xml
+mono/.libs
+mono/*.exe
+mono/*.dll
+lib/protoc.exe
+*.ncrunch*
+
+# Benchmark output
+BenchmarkDotNet.Artifacts/
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/CHANGES.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/CHANGES.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8574b7c4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/CHANGES.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+===============================================================================
+Welcome to the C# port of Google Protocol Buffers, written by Jon Skeet
+(skeet@pobox.com) based on the work of many talented people.
+
+===============================================================================
+RELEASE NOTES - Code imported into Google's main protobuf repository
+===============================================================================
+
+Everything below note this represents history of protobuf-csharp-port project
+before the code was merged into csharp/ subtree of GitHub google/protobuf
+repository.
+Frozen legacy version of the original project is available in
+https://github.com/jskeet/protobuf-csharp-port.
+
+===============================================================================
+RELEASE NOTES - Version 2.4.1.555
+===============================================================================
+
+Changes:
+- Upgrade solution format to Visual Studio 2012.
+- Add the ability to print a builder (not just a message)
+- TextGenerator introduces a new overload of PrintTo
+- Munge protoc's error format into a VS-C#-compatible output format.
+- Work to make ProtoGen clone that acts as a protoc.exe plugin.
+- Added the AllowPartiallyTrustedCallers attribute
+- Optimized enum parsing.
+
+Fixes:
+- Fix for bug in limited input stream's Position, Introduced Position on
+  output stream
+- Fix for writing a character to a JSON output overflows allocated buffer
+- Optimize FromBase64String to return Empty when presented with empty string.
+- Use string.Concat instead of operator to avoid potential import problems
+- Issue 81: quoting for NUnit parameters.
+- Issue 56: NuGet package is noisy
+- Issue 70: Portable library project has some invalid Nunit-based code.
+- Issue 71: CodedInputStream.ReadBytes go to slow path unnecessarily
+- Issue 84: warning CS0219: The variable `size' is assigned but never used
+
+===============================================================================
+RELEASE NOTES - Version 2.4.1.521
+===============================================================================
+
+Changes:
+- Add generated_code_attributes option, defaulted to false
+- Added support for Portable library
+- Added 'Unsafe' static type in ByteString to allow direct buffer access
+
+Fixes:
+- Issue 50: The XML serializer will fail to deserialize a message with empty
+  child message
+- Issue 45: Use of 'item' as a field name causes AmbiguousMatchException
+- Issue 49: Generated nested static Types class should be partial
+- Issue 38: Disable CLSCompliant warnings (3021)
+- Issue 40: proto_path does not work for command-line file names
+- Issue 54: should retire all bytes in buffer (bufferSize)
+- Issue 43: Fix to correct identical 'umbrella_classname' options from trying
+  to write to the same filename.
+
+===============================================================================
+RELEASE NOTES - Version 2.4.1.473
+===============================================================================
+
+Features:
+- Added option service_generator_type to control service generation with
+  NONE, GENERIC, INTERFACE, or IRPCDISPATCH
+- Added interfaces IRpcDispatch and IRpcServerStub to provide for blocking
+  services and implementations.
+- Added ProtoGen.exe command-line argument "--protoc_dir=" to specify the
+  location of protoc.exe.
+- Extracted interfaces for ICodedInputStream and ICodedOutputStream to allow
+  custom implementation of writers with both speed and size optimizations.
+- Addition of the "Google.ProtoBuffers.Serialization" assembly to support
+  reading and writing messages to/from XML, JSON, IDictionary<,> and others.
+- Several performance related fixes and tweeks
+- Issue 3:	Add option to mark generated code with attribute
+- Issue 20:	Support for decorating classes [Serializable]
+- Issue 21:	Decorate fields with [deprecated=true] as [System.Obsolete]
+- Issue 22:	Reusable Builder classes
+- Issue 24:	Support for using Json/Xml formats with ICodedInputStream
+- Issue 25: Added support for NuGet packages
+- Issue 31: Upgraded protoc.exe and descriptor to 2.4.1
+
+Fixes:
+- Issue 13:	Message with Field same name as message causes uncompilable .cs
+- Issue 16:	Does not integrate well with other tooling
+- Issue 19:	Support for negative enum values
+- Issue 26:	AddRange in GeneratedBuilder iterates twice.
+- Issue 27:	Remove XML documentation output from test projects to clear
+  warnings/errors.
+- Issue 28: Circular message dependencies result in null default values for
+  Message fields.
+- Issue 29: Message classes generated have a public default constructor.  You
+  can disable private ctor generation with the option generate_private_ctor.
+- Issue 35: Fixed a bug in ProtoGen handling of arguments with trailing \
+- Big-endian support for float, and double on Silverlight
+- Packed and Unpacked parsing allow for all repeated, as per version 2.3
+- Fix for leaving Builder a public ctor on internal classes for use with
+  generic "where T: new()" constraints.
+
+Other:
+- Changed the code signing key to a privately held key
+- Reformatted all code and line-endings to C# defaults
+- Reworking of performance benchmarks to produce reliable results, option /v2
+- Issue 34: Silverlight assemblies are now unit tested
+
+===============================================================================
+RELEASE NOTES - Version 2.3.0.277
+===============================================================================
+
+Features:
+- Added cls_compliance option to generate attributes indicating
+  non-CLS-compliance.
+- Added file_extension option to control the generated output file's extension.
+- Added umbrella_namespace option to place the umbrella class into a nested
+  namespace to address issues with proto files having the same name as a
+  message it contains.
+- Added output_directory option to set the output path for the source file(s).
+- Added ignore_google_protobuf option to avoid generating code for includes
+  from the google.protobuf package.
+- Added the LITE framework (Google.ProtoBuffersLite.dll) and the ability to
+  generate code with "option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;".
+- Added ability to invoke protoc.exe from within ProtoGen.exe.
+- Upgraded to protoc.exe (2.3) compiler.
+
+Fixes:
+- Issue 9:	Class cannot be static and sealed error
+- Issue 12:	default value for enumerate fields must be filled out
+
+Other:
+- Rewrite of build using MSbuild instead of NAnt
+- Moved to NUnit Version 2.2.8.0
+- Changed to using secure .snk for releases
+
+===============================================================================
+RELEASE NOTES - Version 0.9.1
+===============================================================================
+
+Fixes:
+- issue 10:	Incorrect encoding of packed fields when serialized
+
+===============================================================================
+RELEASE NOTES - Version 0.9.0
+===============================================================================
+
+- Initial release
+
+===============================================================================
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/Google.Protobuf.Tools.nuspec b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/Google.Protobuf.Tools.nuspec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91d28ed14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/Google.Protobuf.Tools.nuspec
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<package>
+  <metadata>
+    <id>Google.Protobuf.Tools</id>
+    <title>Google Protocol Buffers tools</title>
+    <summary>Tools for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format.</summary>
+    <description>See project site for more info.</description>
+    <version>3.11.4</version>
+    <authors>Google Inc.</authors>
+    <owners>protobuf-packages</owners>
+    <licenseUrl>https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/LICENSE</licenseUrl>
+    <projectUrl>https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf</projectUrl>
+    <requireLicenseAcceptance>false</requireLicenseAcceptance>
+    <releaseNotes>Tools for Protocol Buffers</releaseNotes>
+    <copyright>Copyright 2015, Google Inc.</copyright>
+    <tags>Protocol Buffers Binary Serialization Format Google proto proto3</tags>
+  </metadata>
+  <files>
+    <file src="protoc\windows_x86\protoc.exe" target="tools\windows_x86\protoc.exe"/>
+    <file src="protoc\windows_x64\protoc.exe" target="tools\windows_x64\protoc.exe"/>
+    <file src="protoc\linux_x86\protoc" target="tools\linux_x86\protoc"/>
+    <file src="protoc\linux_x64\protoc" target="tools\linux_x64\protoc"/>
+    <file src="protoc\macosx_x64\protoc" target="tools\macosx_x64\protoc"/>
+    <file src="..\src\google\protobuf\any.proto" target="tools\google\protobuf"/>
+    <file src="..\src\google\protobuf\api.proto" target="tools\google\protobuf"/>
+    <file src="..\src\google\protobuf\descriptor.proto" target="tools\google\protobuf"/>
+    <file src="..\src\google\protobuf\duration.proto" target="tools\google\protobuf"/>
+    <file src="..\src\google\protobuf\empty.proto" target="tools\google\protobuf"/>
+    <file src="..\src\google\protobuf\field_mask.proto" target="tools\google\protobuf"/>
+    <file src="..\src\google\protobuf\source_context.proto" target="tools\google\protobuf"/>
+    <file src="..\src\google\protobuf\struct.proto" target="tools\google\protobuf"/>
+    <file src="..\src\google\protobuf\timestamp.proto" target="tools\google\protobuf"/>
+    <file src="..\src\google\protobuf\type.proto" target="tools\google\protobuf"/>
+    <file src="..\src\google\protobuf\wrappers.proto" target="tools\google\protobuf"/>
+    <file src="Google.Protobuf.Tools.targets" target="buildCrossTargeting"/>
+    <file src="Google.Protobuf.Tools.targets" target="build"/>
+  </files>
+</package>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/Google.Protobuf.Tools.targets b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/Google.Protobuf.Tools.targets
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..682e11b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/Google.Protobuf.Tools.targets
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+        <protoc_tools>$([System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath('$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)/../tools/'))</protoc_tools>
+        <protoc_linux64>$([System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath('$(protoc_tools)/linux_x64/protoc'))</protoc_linux64>
+        <protoc_linux86>$([System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath('$(protoc_tools)/linux_x86/protoc'))</protoc_linux86>
+        <protoc_macosx64>$([System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath('$(protoc_tools)/macosx_x64/protoc'))</protoc_macosx64>
+        <protoc_macosx86>$([System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath('$(protoc_tools)/macosx_x86/protoc'))</protoc_macosx86>
+        <protoc_windows64>$([System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath('$(protoc_tools)/windows_x64/protoc.exe'))</protoc_windows64>
+        <protoc_windows86>$([System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath('$(protoc_tools)/windows_x86/protoc.exe'))</protoc_windows86>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9aab782da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+This directory contains the C# Protocol Buffers runtime library.
+
+Usage
+=====
+
+The easiest way how to use C# protobufs is via the `Google.Protobuf`
+NuGet package. Just add the NuGet package to your VS project.
+
+You will also want to install the `Google.Protobuf.Tools` NuGet package, which
+contains precompiled version of `protoc.exe` and a copy of well known `.proto`
+files under the package's `tools` directory.
+
+To generate C# files from your `.proto` files, invoke `protoc` with the
+`--csharp_out` option.
+
+Supported platforms
+===================
+
+The runtime library is built as a portable class library, supporting:
+
+- .NET 4.5
+- Windows 8
+- Windows Phone Silverlight 8
+- Windows Phone 8.1
+- .NET Core
+
+You should be able to use Protocol Buffers in Visual Studio 2012 and
+all later versions. This includes all code generated by `protoc`,
+which only uses features from C# 3 and earlier.
+
+Building
+========
+
+Open the `src/Google.Protobuf.sln` solution in Visual Studio 2017 or
+later.
+
+Although *users* of this project are only expected to have Visual
+Studio 2012 or later, *developers* of the library are required to
+have Visual Studio 2017 or later, as the library uses C# 6 features
+in its implementation, as well as the new Visual Studio 2017 csproj
+format. These features have no impact when using the compiled code -
+they're only relevant when building the `Google.Protobuf` assembly.
+
+In order to run and debug the AddressBook example in the IDE, you must
+install the optional component, ".Net Core 1.0 - 1.1 development tools
+for Web" (as it's labelled in current versions of the VS2017
+installer), above and beyond the main .NET Core cross-platform
+development feature.
+
+Testing
+=======
+
+The unit tests use [NUnit 3](https://github.com/nunit/nunit). Tests can be
+run using the Visual Studio Test Explorer or `dotnet test`.
+
+.NET 3.5
+========
+
+We don't officially support .NET 3.5. However, there has been some effort
+to make enabling .NET 3.5 support relatively painless in case you require it.
+There's no guarantee that this will continue in the future, so rely on .NET
+3.5 support at your peril.
+
+To enable .NET 3.5 support, you must edit the `TargetFrameworks` elements of
+[src/Google.Protobuf/Google.Protobuf.csproj](src/Google.Protobuf/Google.Protobuf.csproj)
+(and [src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj](src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj)
+if you want to run the unit tests):
+
+Open the .csproj file in a text editor and simply add `net35` to the list of
+target frameworks, noting that the `TargetFrameworks` element appears twice in
+the file (once in the first `PropertyGroup` element, and again in the second
+`PropertyGroup` element, i.e., the one with the conditional).
+
+History of C# protobufs
+=======================
+
+This subtree was originally imported from https://github.com/jskeet/protobuf-csharp-port
+and represents the latest development version of C# protobufs, that will now be developed
+and maintained by Google. All the development will be done in open, under this repository
+(https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf).
+
+The previous project differs from this project in a number of ways:
+
+- The old code only supported proto2; the new code only supports
+proto3 (so no unknown fields, no required/optional distinction, no
+extensions)
+- The old code was based on immutable message types and builders for
+them
+- The old code did not support maps or `oneof`
+- The old code had its own JSON representation, whereas the new code
+uses the standard protobuf JSON representation
+- The old code had no notion of the "well-known types" which have
+special support in the new code
+- The old project supported some older platforms (such as older
+versions of Silverlight) which are not currently supported in the
+new project
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/build_packages.bat b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/build_packages.bat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7205659f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/build_packages.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+@rem Builds Google.Protobuf NuGet packages
+
+dotnet restore src/Google.Protobuf.sln
+dotnet pack -c Release src/Google.Protobuf.sln || goto :error
+
+goto :EOF
+
+:error
+echo Failed!
+exit /b %errorlevel%
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/build_tools.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/build_tools.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..771affdc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/build_tools.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
+  cat <<EOF
+Usage: $0 <VERSION_NUMBER>
+
+Example:
+  $ $0 3.0.0
+
+This script will download pre-built protoc binaries from maven repository and
+create the Google.Protobuf.Tools package. Well-known type .proto files will also
+be included.
+EOF
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+VERSION_NUMBER=$1
+# <directory name> <binary file name> pairs.
+declare -a FILE_NAMES=(          \
+  windows_x86 windows-x86_32.exe \
+  windows_x64 windows-x86_64.exe \
+  macosx_x64  osx-x86_64.exe     \
+  linux_x86   linux-x86_32.exe   \
+  linux_x64   linux-x86_64.exe   \
+)
+
+set -e
+
+mkdir -p protoc
+# Create a zip file for each binary.
+for((i=0;i<${#FILE_NAMES[@]};i+=2));do
+  DIR_NAME=${FILE_NAMES[$i]}
+  mkdir -p protoc/$DIR_NAME
+
+  if [ ${DIR_NAME:0:3} = "win" ]; then
+    TARGET_BINARY="protoc.exe"
+  else
+    TARGET_BINARY="protoc"
+  fi
+
+  BINARY_NAME=${FILE_NAMES[$(($i+1))]}
+  BINARY_URL=http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/google/protobuf/protoc/${VERSION_NUMBER}/protoc-${VERSION_NUMBER}-${BINARY_NAME}
+
+  if ! wget ${BINARY_URL} -O protoc/$DIR_NAME/$TARGET_BINARY &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "[ERROR] Failed to download ${BINARY_URL}" >&2
+    echo "[ERROR] Skipped $protoc-${VERSION_NAME}-${DIR_NAME}" >&2
+    continue
+  fi
+done
+
+nuget pack Google.Protobuf.Tools.nuspec
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/buildall.bat b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/buildall.bat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..821ffb310
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/buildall.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+@rem Builds Google.Protobuf and runs the tests
+
+dotnet build src/Google.Protobuf.sln || goto :error
+
+echo Running tests.
+
+dotnet test src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj || goto :error
+
+goto :EOF
+
+:error
+echo Failed!
+exit /b %errorlevel%
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/buildall.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/buildall.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..43b5ac3ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/buildall.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+CONFIG=Release
+SRC=$(dirname $0)/src
+
+set -ex
+
+echo Building relevant projects.
+dotnet restore $SRC/Google.Protobuf.sln
+dotnet build -c $CONFIG $SRC/Google.Protobuf.sln
+
+echo Running tests.
+# Only test netcoreapp2.1, which uses the .NET Core runtime.
+# If we want to test the .NET 4.5 version separately, we could
+# run Mono explicitly. However, we don't have any differences between
+# the .NET 4.5 and netstandard2.1 assemblies.
+dotnet test -c $CONFIG -f netcoreapp2.1 $SRC/Google.Protobuf.Test/Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/csharp/protos/unittest_issues.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/csharp/protos/unittest_issues.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6178bf1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/csharp/protos/unittest_issues.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+// These proto descriptors have at one time been reported as an issue or defect.
+// They are kept here to replicate the issue, and continue to verify the fix.
+
+// Issue: Non-"Google.Protobuffers" namespace will ensure that protobuffer library types are qualified
+option csharp_namespace = "UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos";
+
+package unittest_issues;
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+// Issue 307: when generating doubly-nested types, any references
+// should be of the form A.Types.B.Types.C.
+message Issue307 {
+  message NestedOnce {
+    message NestedTwice {
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Old issue 13: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-csharp-port/issues/detail?id=13
+// New issue 309: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/309
+
+// message A {
+//    optional int32 _A = 1;
+// }
+
+// message B {
+//    optional int32 B_ = 1;
+// }
+
+//message AB {
+//    optional int32 a_b = 1;
+//}
+
+// Similar issue with numeric names
+// Java code failed too, so probably best for this to be a restriction.
+// See https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/308
+// message NumberField {
+//    optional int32 _01 = 1;
+// }
+
+// issue 19 - negative enum values
+
+enum NegativeEnum {
+    NEGATIVE_ENUM_ZERO = 0;
+    FiveBelow = -5;
+    MinusOne = -1;
+}
+
+message NegativeEnumMessage {
+    NegativeEnum value = 1;
+    repeated NegativeEnum values = 2 [packed = false];
+    repeated NegativeEnum packed_values = 3 [packed=true];
+}
+
+// Issue 21: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-csharp-port/issues/detail?id=21
+// Decorate fields with [deprecated=true] as [System.Obsolete]
+
+message DeprecatedChild {
+}
+
+enum DeprecatedEnum {
+    DEPRECATED_ZERO = 0;
+    one = 1;
+}
+
+message DeprecatedFieldsMessage {
+    int32 PrimitiveValue = 1 [deprecated = true];
+    repeated int32 PrimitiveArray = 2 [deprecated = true];
+
+    DeprecatedChild MessageValue = 3 [deprecated = true];
+    repeated DeprecatedChild MessageArray = 4 [deprecated = true];
+
+    DeprecatedEnum EnumValue = 5 [deprecated = true];
+    repeated DeprecatedEnum EnumArray = 6 [deprecated = true];
+}
+
+// Issue 45: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-csharp-port/issues/detail?id=45
+message ItemField {
+  int32 item = 1;
+}
+
+message ReservedNames {
+  // Force a nested type called Types
+  message SomeNestedType {
+  }
+
+  int32 types = 1;
+  int32 descriptor = 2;
+}
+
+message TestJsonFieldOrdering {
+  // These fields are deliberately not declared in numeric
+  // order, and the oneof fields aren't contiguous either.
+  // This allows for reasonably robust tests of JSON output
+  // ordering.
+  // TestFieldOrderings in unittest_proto3.proto is similar,
+  // but doesn't include oneofs.
+  // TODO: Consider adding oneofs to TestFieldOrderings, although
+  // that will require fixing other tests in multiple platforms.
+  // Alternatively, consider just adding this to
+  // unittest_proto3.proto if multiple platforms want it.
+
+  int32 plain_int32 = 4;
+
+  oneof o1 {
+    string o1_string = 2;
+    int32 o1_int32 = 5;
+  }
+
+  string plain_string = 1;
+
+  oneof o2 {
+    int32 o2_int32 = 6;
+    string o2_string = 3;
+  }
+
+}
+
+message TestJsonName {
+  // Message for testing the effects for of the json_name option
+  string name = 1;
+  string description = 2 [json_name = "desc"];
+  string guid = 3 [json_name = "exid"];
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/map_unittest_proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/map_unittest_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16be27730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/map_unittest_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file is mostly equivalent to map_unittest.proto, but imports
+// unittest_proto3.proto instead of unittest.proto, so that it only
+// uses proto3 messages. This makes it suitable for testing
+// implementations which only support proto3.
+// The TestRequiredMessageMap message has been removed as there are no
+// required fields in proto3.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In map_test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// Tests maps.
+message TestMap {
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 1;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 2;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 3;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 4;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 5;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 6;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 7;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 10;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 11;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 12;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 13;
+  map<string  , string  > map_string_string     = 14;
+  map<int32   , bytes   > map_int32_bytes       = 15;
+  map<int32   , MapEnum > map_int32_enum        = 16;
+  map<int32   , ForeignMessage> map_int32_foreign_message = 17;
+}
+
+message TestMapSubmessage {
+  TestMap test_map = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMessageMap {
+  map<int32, TestAllTypes> map_int32_message = 1;
+}
+
+// Two map fields share the same entry default instance.
+message TestSameTypeMap {
+  map<int32, int32> map1 = 1;
+  map<int32, int32> map2 = 2;
+}
+
+enum MapEnum {
+  MAP_ENUM_FOO = 0;
+  MAP_ENUM_BAR = 1;
+  MAP_ENUM_BAZ = 2;
+}
+
+message TestArenaMap {
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 1;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 2;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 3;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 4;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 5;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 6;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 7;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 10;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 11;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 12;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 13;
+  map<int32   , MapEnum > map_int32_enum        = 14;
+  map<int32   , ForeignMessage> map_int32_foreign_message = 15;
+}
+
+// Previously, message containing enum called Type cannot be used as value of
+// map field.
+message MessageContainingEnumCalledType {
+  enum Type {
+    TYPE_FOO = 0;
+  }
+  map<int32, MessageContainingEnumCalledType> type = 1;
+}
+
+// Previously, message cannot contain map field called "entry".
+message MessageContainingMapCalledEntry {
+  map<int32, int32> entry = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59673eaf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file which is imported by unittest_proto3.proto to test importing.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do
+// "using namespace unittest_import = protobuf_unittest_import".
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+// Exercise the java_package option.
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+
+// Do not set a java_outer_classname here to verify that Proto2 works without
+// one.
+
+// Test public import
+import public "google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_proto3.proto";
+
+message ImportMessage {
+  int32 d = 1;
+}
+
+enum ImportEnum {
+  IMPORT_ENUM_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  IMPORT_FOO = 7;
+  IMPORT_BAR = 8;
+  IMPORT_BAZ = 9;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6f11e28b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+
+message PublicImportMessage {
+ int32 e = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f59d21786
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file we will use for unit testing.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import_proto3.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// Protos optimized for SPEED use a strict superset of the generated code
+// of equivalent ones optimized for CODE_SIZE, so we should optimize all our
+// tests for speed unless explicitly testing code size optimization.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option java_outer_classname = "UnittestProto";
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    NESTED_ENUM_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+    NEG = -1;  // Intentionally negative.
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  int32 single_int32 = 1;
+  int64 single_int64 = 2;
+  uint32 single_uint32 = 3;
+  uint64 single_uint64 = 4;
+  sint32 single_sint32 = 5;
+  sint64 single_sint64 = 6;
+  fixed32 single_fixed32 = 7;
+  fixed64 single_fixed64 = 8;
+  sfixed32 single_sfixed32 = 9;
+  sfixed64 single_sfixed64 = 10;
+  float single_float = 11;
+  double single_double = 12;
+  bool single_bool = 13;
+  string single_string = 14;
+  bytes single_bytes = 15;
+
+  NestedMessage single_nested_message = 18;
+  ForeignMessage single_foreign_message = 19;
+  protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage single_import_message = 20;
+
+  NestedEnum single_nested_enum = 21;
+  ForeignEnum single_foreign_enum = 22;
+  protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum single_import_enum = 23;
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+      single_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated NestedMessage                        repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage repeated_import_message  = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum                           repeated_nested_enum     = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    repeated_import_enum     = 53;
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+      repeated_public_import_message = 54;
+
+  // For oneof test
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+}
+
+// This proto includes a recusively nested message.
+message NestedTestAllTypes {
+  NestedTestAllTypes child = 1;
+  TestAllTypes payload = 2;
+  repeated NestedTestAllTypes repeated_child = 3;
+}
+
+message TestDeprecatedFields {
+  int32 deprecated_int32 = 1 [deprecated=true];
+}
+
+// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+// that.
+message ForeignMessage {
+  int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+message TestReservedFields {
+  reserved 2, 15, 9 to 11;
+  reserved "bar", "baz";
+}
+
+
+// Test that we can use NestedMessage from outside TestAllTypes.
+message TestForeignNested {
+  TestAllTypes.NestedMessage foreign_nested = 1;
+}
+
+// Test that really large tag numbers don't break anything.
+message TestReallyLargeTagNumber {
+  // The largest possible tag number is 2^28 - 1, since the wire format uses
+  // three bits to communicate wire type.
+  int32 a = 1;
+  int32 bb = 268435455;
+}
+
+message TestRecursiveMessage {
+  TestRecursiveMessage a = 1;
+  int32 i = 2;
+}
+
+// Test that mutual recursion works.
+message TestMutualRecursionA {
+  TestMutualRecursionB bb = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMutualRecursionB {
+  TestMutualRecursionA a = 1;
+  int32 optional_int32 = 2;
+}
+
+
+// Test an enum that has multiple values with the same number.
+enum TestEnumWithDupValue {
+  TEST_ENUM_WITH_DUP_VALUE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  option allow_alias = true;
+
+  FOO1 = 1;
+  BAR1 = 2;
+  BAZ = 3;
+  FOO2 = 1;
+  BAR2 = 2;
+}
+
+// Test an enum with large, unordered values.
+enum TestSparseEnum {
+  TEST_SPARSE_ENUM_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  SPARSE_A = 123;
+  SPARSE_B = 62374;
+  SPARSE_C = 12589234;
+  SPARSE_D = -15;
+  SPARSE_E = -53452;
+  // In proto3, value 0 must be the first one specified
+  // SPARSE_F = 0;
+  SPARSE_G = 2;
+}
+
+// Test message with CamelCase field names.  This violates Protocol Buffer
+// standard style.
+message TestCamelCaseFieldNames {
+  int32 PrimitiveField = 1;
+  string StringField = 2;
+  ForeignEnum EnumField = 3;
+  ForeignMessage MessageField = 4;
+
+  repeated int32 RepeatedPrimitiveField = 7;
+  repeated string RepeatedStringField = 8;
+  repeated ForeignEnum RepeatedEnumField = 9;
+  repeated ForeignMessage RepeatedMessageField = 10;
+}
+
+
+// We list fields out of order, to ensure that we're using field number and not
+// field index to determine serialization order.
+message TestFieldOrderings {
+  string my_string = 11;
+  int64 my_int = 1;
+  float my_float = 101;
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int64 oo = 2;
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  NestedMessage single_nested_message  = 200;
+}
+
+message SparseEnumMessage {
+  TestSparseEnum sparse_enum = 1;
+}
+
+// Test String and Bytes: string is for valid UTF-8 strings
+message OneString {
+  string data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreString {
+  repeated string data = 1;
+}
+
+message OneBytes {
+  bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreBytes {
+  bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+// Test int32, uint32, int64, uint64, and bool are all compatible
+message Int32Message {
+  int32 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Uint32Message {
+  uint32 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Int64Message {
+  int64 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Uint64Message {
+  uint64 data = 1;
+}
+
+message BoolMessage {
+  bool data = 1;
+}
+
+// Test oneofs.
+message TestOneof {
+  oneof foo {
+    int32 foo_int = 1;
+    string foo_string = 2;
+    TestAllTypes foo_message = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+// Test messages for packed fields
+
+message TestPackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// A message with the same fields as TestPackedTypes, but without packing. Used
+// to test packed <-> unpacked wire compatibility.
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 unpacked_int32    =  90 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 unpacked_int64    =  91 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 unpacked_uint32   =  92 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 unpacked_uint64   =  93 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 unpacked_sint32   =  94 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 unpacked_sint64   =  95 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 unpacked_fixed32  =  96 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 unpacked_fixed64  =  97 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 unpacked_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 unpacked_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float unpacked_float    = 100 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double unpacked_double   = 101 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool unpacked_bool     = 102 [packed = false];
+  repeated ForeignEnum unpacked_enum  = 103 [packed = false];
+}
+
+message TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes {
+  // Parsing repeated fixed size values used to fail. This message needs to be
+  // used in order to get a tag of the right size; all of the repeated fields
+  // in TestAllTypes didn't trigger the check.
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 12;
+  // Check for a varint type, just for good measure.
+  repeated int32   repeated_int32   = 13;
+
+  // These have two-byte tags.
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 2046;
+  repeated int64   repeated_int64   = 2047;
+
+  // Three byte tags.
+  repeated float   repeated_float   = 262142;
+  repeated uint64  repeated_uint64  = 262143;
+}
+
+message TestCommentInjectionMessage {
+  // */ <- This should not close the generated doc comment
+  string a = 1;
+}
+
+
+// Test that RPC services work.
+message FooRequest  {}
+message FooResponse {}
+
+message FooClientMessage {}
+message FooServerMessage{}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Foo(FooRequest) returns (FooResponse);
+  rpc Bar(BarRequest) returns (BarResponse);
+}
+
+
+message BarRequest  {}
+message BarResponse {}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c90752440
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/api.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/source_context.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/type.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+// Test that we can include all well-known types.
+// Each wrapper type is included separately, as languages
+// map handle different wrappers in different ways.
+message TestWellKnownTypes {
+  google.protobuf.Any any_field = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Api api_field = 2;
+  google.protobuf.Duration duration_field = 3;
+  google.protobuf.Empty empty_field = 4;
+  google.protobuf.FieldMask field_mask_field = 5;
+  google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context_field = 6;
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct_field = 7;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp_field = 8;
+  google.protobuf.Type type_field = 9;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field = 10;
+  google.protobuf.FloatValue float_field = 11;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field = 12;
+  google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64_field = 13;
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value int32_field = 14;
+  google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32_field = 15;
+  google.protobuf.BoolValue bool_field = 16;
+  google.protobuf.StringValue string_field = 17;
+  google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes_field = 18;
+  // Part of struct, but useful to be able to test separately
+  google.protobuf.Value value_field = 19;
+}
+
+// A repeated field for each well-known type.
+message RepeatedWellKnownTypes {
+  repeated google.protobuf.Any any_field = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Api api_field = 2;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Duration duration_field = 3;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Empty empty_field = 4;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FieldMask field_mask_field = 5;
+  repeated google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context_field = 6;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Struct struct_field = 7;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp_field = 8;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Type type_field = 9;
+  // These don't actually make a lot of sense, but they're not prohibited...
+  repeated google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field = 10;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FloatValue float_field = 11;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field = 12;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64_field = 13;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int32Value int32_field = 14;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32_field = 15;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BoolValue bool_field = 16;
+  repeated google.protobuf.StringValue string_field = 17;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes_field = 18;
+}
+
+message OneofWellKnownTypes {
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    google.protobuf.Any any_field = 1;
+    google.protobuf.Api api_field = 2;
+    google.protobuf.Duration duration_field = 3;
+    google.protobuf.Empty empty_field = 4;
+    google.protobuf.FieldMask field_mask_field = 5;
+    google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context_field = 6;
+    google.protobuf.Struct struct_field = 7;
+    google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp_field = 8;
+    google.protobuf.Type type_field = 9;
+    google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field = 10;
+    google.protobuf.FloatValue float_field = 11;
+    google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field = 12;
+    google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64_field = 13;
+    google.protobuf.Int32Value int32_field = 14;
+    google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32_field = 15;
+    google.protobuf.BoolValue bool_field = 16;
+    google.protobuf.StringValue string_field = 17;
+    google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes_field = 18;
+  }
+}
+
+// A map field for each well-known type. We only
+// need to worry about the value part of the map being the
+// well-known types, as messages can't be map keys.
+message MapWellKnownTypes {
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Any> any_field = 1;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Api> api_field = 2;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Duration> duration_field = 3;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Empty> empty_field = 4;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.FieldMask> field_mask_field = 5;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.SourceContext> source_context_field = 6;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Struct> struct_field = 7;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Timestamp> timestamp_field = 8;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Type> type_field = 9;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.DoubleValue> double_field = 10;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.FloatValue> float_field = 11;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Int64Value> int64_field = 12;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.UInt64Value> uint64_field = 13;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Int32Value> int32_field = 14;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.UInt32Value> uint32_field = 15;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.BoolValue> bool_field = 16;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.StringValue> string_field = 17;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.BytesValue> bytes_field = 18;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/ByteStringTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/ByteStringTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..685e130a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/ByteStringTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Text;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class ByteStringTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Equality()
+        {
+            ByteString b1 = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3);
+            ByteString b2 = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3);
+            ByteString b3 = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 4);
+            ByteString b4 = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4);
+            EqualityTester.AssertEquality(b1, b1);
+            EqualityTester.AssertEquality(b1, b2);
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(b1, b3);
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(b1, b4);
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(b1, null);
+#pragma warning disable 1718 // Deliberately calling ==(b1, b1) and !=(b1, b1)
+            Assert.IsTrue(b1 == b1);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b1 == b2);
+            Assert.IsFalse(b1 == b3);
+            Assert.IsFalse(b1 == b4);
+            Assert.IsFalse(b1 == null);
+            Assert.IsTrue((ByteString) null == null);
+            Assert.IsFalse(b1 != b1);
+            Assert.IsFalse(b1 != b2);
+#pragma warning disable 1718
+            Assert.IsTrue(b1 != b3);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b1 != b4);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b1 != null);
+            Assert.IsFalse((ByteString) null != null);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EmptyByteStringHasZeroSize()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, ByteString.Empty.Length);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CopyFromStringWithExplicitEncoding()
+        {
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.CopyFrom("AB", Encoding.Unicode);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, bs.Length);
+            Assert.AreEqual(65, bs[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, bs[1]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(66, bs[2]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, bs[3]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IsEmptyWhenEmpty()
+        {
+            Assert.IsTrue(ByteString.CopyFromUtf8("").IsEmpty);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IsEmptyWhenNotEmpty()
+        {
+            Assert.IsFalse(ByteString.CopyFromUtf8("X").IsEmpty);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CopyFromByteArrayCopiesContents()
+        {
+            byte[] data = new byte[1];
+            data[0] = 10;
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.CopyFrom(data);
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, bs[0]);
+            data[0] = 5;
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, bs[0]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToByteArrayCopiesContents()
+        {
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.CopyFromUtf8("Hello");
+            byte[] data = bs.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual((byte)'H', data[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual((byte)'H', bs[0]);
+            data[0] = 0;
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, data[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual((byte)'H', bs[0]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CopyFromUtf8UsesUtf8()
+        {
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.CopyFromUtf8("\u20ac");
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, bs.Length);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0xe2, bs[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x82, bs[1]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0xac, bs[2]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CopyFromPortion()
+        {
+            byte[] data = new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.CopyFrom(data, 2, 3);
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, bs.Length);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, bs[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, bs[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToStringUtf8()
+        {
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.CopyFromUtf8("\u20ac");
+            Assert.AreEqual("\u20ac", bs.ToStringUtf8());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToStringWithExplicitEncoding()
+        {
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.CopyFrom("\u20ac", Encoding.Unicode);
+            Assert.AreEqual("\u20ac", bs.ToString(Encoding.Unicode));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FromBase64_WithText()
+        {
+            byte[] data = new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+            string base64 = Convert.ToBase64String(data);
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.FromBase64(base64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(data, bs.ToByteArray());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FromBase64_Empty()
+        {
+            // Optimization which also fixes issue 61.
+            Assert.AreSame(ByteString.Empty, ByteString.FromBase64(""));
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedInputStreamExtensions.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedInputStreamExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23af28870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedInputStreamExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    internal static class CodedInputStreamExtensions
+    {
+        public static void AssertNextTag(this CodedInputStream input, uint expectedTag)
+        {
+            uint tag = input.ReadTag();
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedTag, tag);
+        }
+
+        public static T ReadMessage<T>(this CodedInputStream stream, MessageParser<T> parser)
+            where T : IMessage<T>
+        {
+            var message = parser.CreateTemplate();
+            stream.ReadMessage(message);
+            return message;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedInputStreamTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedInputStreamTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73a578d2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedInputStreamTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class CodedInputStreamTest
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Helper to construct a byte array from a bunch of bytes.  The inputs are
+        /// actually ints so that I can use hex notation and not get stupid errors
+        /// about precision.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static byte[] Bytes(params int[] bytesAsInts)
+        {
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesAsInts.Length];
+            for (int i = 0; i < bytesAsInts.Length; i++)
+            {
+                bytes[i] = (byte) bytesAsInts[i];
+            }
+            return bytes;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the given bytes using ReadRawVarint32() and ReadRawVarint64()
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertReadVarint(byte[] data, ulong value)
+        {
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(data);
+            Assert.AreEqual((uint) value, input.ReadRawVarint32());
+
+            input = new CodedInputStream(data);
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, input.ReadRawVarint64());
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+
+            // Try different block sizes.
+            for (int bufferSize = 1; bufferSize <= 16; bufferSize *= 2)
+            {
+                input = new CodedInputStream(new SmallBlockInputStream(data, bufferSize));
+                Assert.AreEqual((uint) value, input.ReadRawVarint32());
+
+                input = new CodedInputStream(new SmallBlockInputStream(data, bufferSize));
+                Assert.AreEqual(value, input.ReadRawVarint64());
+                Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+            }
+
+            // Try reading directly from a MemoryStream. We want to verify that it
+            // doesn't read past the end of the input, so write an extra byte - this
+            // lets us test the position at the end.
+            MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            memoryStream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
+            memoryStream.WriteByte(0);
+            memoryStream.Position = 0;
+            Assert.AreEqual((uint) value, CodedInputStream.ReadRawVarint32(memoryStream));
+            Assert.AreEqual(data.Length, memoryStream.Position);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the given bytes using ReadRawVarint32() and ReadRawVarint64() and
+        /// expects them to fail with an InvalidProtocolBufferException whose
+        /// description matches the given one.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertReadVarintFailure(InvalidProtocolBufferException expected, byte[] data)
+        {
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(data);
+            var exception = Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => input.ReadRawVarint32());
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Message, exception.Message);
+
+            input = new CodedInputStream(data);
+            exception = Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => input.ReadRawVarint64());
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Message, exception.Message);
+
+            // Make sure we get the same error when reading directly from a Stream.
+            exception = Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => CodedInputStream.ReadRawVarint32(new MemoryStream(data)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Message, exception.Message);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadVarint()
+        {
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0x00), 0);
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0x01), 1);
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0x7f), 127);
+            // 14882
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0xa2, 0x74), (0x22 << 0) | (0x74 << 7));
+            // 2961488830
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b),
+                             (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
+                             (0x0bL << 28));
+
+            // 64-bit
+            // 7256456126
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b),
+                             (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
+                             (0x1bL << 28));
+            // 41256202580718336
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49),
+                             (0x00 << 0) | (0x66 << 7) | (0x6b << 14) | (0x1c << 21) |
+                             (0x43L << 28) | (0x49L << 35) | (0x24L << 42) | (0x49L << 49));
+            // 11964378330978735131
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85, 0xa6, 0x01),
+                             (0x1b << 0) | (0x28 << 7) | (0x79 << 14) | (0x42 << 21) |
+                             (0x3bUL << 28) | (0x56UL << 35) | (0x00UL << 42) |
+                             (0x05UL << 49) | (0x26UL << 56) | (0x01UL << 63));
+
+            // Failures
+            AssertReadVarintFailure(
+                InvalidProtocolBufferException.MalformedVarint(),
+                Bytes(0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80,
+                      0x00));
+            AssertReadVarintFailure(
+                InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage(),
+                Bytes(0x80));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the given bytes using ReadRawLittleEndian32() and checks
+        /// that the result matches the given value.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertReadLittleEndian32(byte[] data, uint value)
+        {
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(data);
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, input.ReadRawLittleEndian32());
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+
+            // Try different block sizes.
+            for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2)
+            {
+                input = new CodedInputStream(
+                    new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
+                Assert.AreEqual(value, input.ReadRawLittleEndian32());
+                Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the given bytes using ReadRawLittleEndian64() and checks
+        /// that the result matches the given value.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertReadLittleEndian64(byte[] data, ulong value)
+        {
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(data);
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, input.ReadRawLittleEndian64());
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+
+            // Try different block sizes.
+            for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2)
+            {
+                input = new CodedInputStream(
+                    new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
+                Assert.AreEqual(value, input.ReadRawLittleEndian64());
+                Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadLittleEndian()
+        {
+            AssertReadLittleEndian32(Bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12), 0x12345678);
+            AssertReadLittleEndian32(Bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a), 0x9abcdef0);
+
+            AssertReadLittleEndian64(Bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12),
+                                     0x123456789abcdef0L);
+            AssertReadLittleEndian64(
+                Bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a), 0x9abcdef012345678UL);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DecodeZigZag32()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(0));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(1));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(2));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-2, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(3));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x3FFFFFFF, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFE));
+            Assert.AreEqual(unchecked((int) 0xC0000000), CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFF));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x7FFFFFFF, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(0xFFFFFFFE));
+            Assert.AreEqual(unchecked((int) 0x80000000), CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(0xFFFFFFFF));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DecodeZigZag64()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(0));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(1));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(2));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-2, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(3));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x000000003FFFFFFFL, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFEL));
+            Assert.AreEqual(unchecked((long) 0xFFFFFFFFC0000000L), CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFFL));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x000000007FFFFFFFL, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(0x00000000FFFFFFFEL));
+            Assert.AreEqual(unchecked((long) 0xFFFFFFFF80000000L), CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(0x00000000FFFFFFFFL));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEL));
+            Assert.AreEqual(unchecked((long) 0x8000000000000000L), CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL));
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadWholeMessage_VaryingBlockSizes()
+        {
+            TestAllTypes message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+
+            byte[] rawBytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(rawBytes.Length, message.CalculateSize());
+            TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(rawBytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, message2);
+
+            // Try different block sizes.
+            for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize < 256; blockSize *= 2)
+            {
+                message2 = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(new SmallBlockInputStream(rawBytes, blockSize));
+                Assert.AreEqual(message, message2);
+            }
+        }
+                
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadHugeBlob()
+        {
+            // Allocate and initialize a 1MB blob.
+            byte[] blob = new byte[1 << 20];
+            for (int i = 0; i < blob.Length; i++)
+            {
+                blob[i] = (byte) i;
+            }
+
+            // Make a message containing it.
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleBytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(blob) };
+
+            // Serialize and parse it.  Make sure to parse from an InputStream, not
+            // directly from a ByteString, so that CodedInputStream uses buffered
+            // reading.
+            TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(message.ToByteString());
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, message2);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadMaliciouslyLargeBlob()
+        {
+            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(ms);
+
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.WriteRawVarint32(0x7FFFFFFF);
+            output.WriteRawBytes(new byte[32]); // Pad with a few random bytes.
+            output.Flush();
+            ms.Position = 0;
+
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(ms);
+            Assert.AreEqual(tag, input.ReadTag());
+
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => input.ReadBytes());
+        }
+
+        internal static TestRecursiveMessage MakeRecursiveMessage(int depth)
+        {
+            if (depth == 0)
+            {
+                return new TestRecursiveMessage { I = 5 };
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return new TestRecursiveMessage { A = MakeRecursiveMessage(depth - 1) };
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static void AssertMessageDepth(TestRecursiveMessage message, int depth)
+        {
+            if (depth == 0)
+            {
+                Assert.IsNull(message.A);
+                Assert.AreEqual(5, message.I);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Assert.IsNotNull(message.A);
+                AssertMessageDepth(message.A, depth - 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MaliciousRecursion()
+        {
+            ByteString atRecursiveLimit = MakeRecursiveMessage(CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit).ToByteString();
+            ByteString beyondRecursiveLimit = MakeRecursiveMessage(CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit + 1).ToByteString();
+
+            AssertMessageDepth(TestRecursiveMessage.Parser.ParseFrom(atRecursiveLimit), CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit);
+
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestRecursiveMessage.Parser.ParseFrom(beyondRecursiveLimit));
+
+            CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.CreateWithLimits(new MemoryStream(atRecursiveLimit.ToByteArray()), 1000000, CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit - 1);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestRecursiveMessage.Parser.ParseFrom(input));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SizeLimit()
+        {
+            // Have to use a Stream rather than ByteString.CreateCodedInput as SizeLimit doesn't
+            // apply to the latter case.
+            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes().ToByteArray());
+            CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.CreateWithLimits(ms, 16, 100);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(input));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tests that if we read an string that contains invalid UTF-8, no exception
+        /// is thrown.  Instead, the invalid bytes are replaced with the Unicode
+        /// "replacement character" U+FFFD.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadInvalidUtf8()
+        {
+            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(ms);
+
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.WriteRawVarint32(1);
+            output.WriteRawBytes(new byte[] {0x80});
+            output.Flush();
+            ms.Position = 0;
+
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(ms);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(tag, input.ReadTag());
+            string text = input.ReadString();
+            Assert.AreEqual('\ufffd', text[0]);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A stream which limits the number of bytes it reads at a time.
+        /// We use this to make sure that CodedInputStream doesn't screw up when
+        /// reading in small blocks.
+        /// </summary>
+        private sealed class SmallBlockInputStream : MemoryStream
+        {
+            private readonly int blockSize;
+
+            public SmallBlockInputStream(byte[] data, int blockSize)
+                : base(data)
+            {
+                this.blockSize = blockSize;
+            }
+
+            public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
+            {
+                return base.Read(buffer, offset, Math.Min(count, blockSize));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNegativeEnum()
+        {
+            byte[] bytes = { 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01 };
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual((int)SampleEnum.NegativeValue, input.ReadEnum());
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        //Issue 71:	CodedInputStream.ReadBytes go to slow path unnecessarily
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSlowPathAvoidance()
+        {
+            using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(ms);
+                output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+                output.WriteBytes(ByteString.CopyFrom(new byte[100]));
+                output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+                output.WriteBytes(ByteString.CopyFrom(new byte[100]));
+                output.Flush();
+
+                ms.Position = 0;
+                CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(ms, new byte[ms.Length / 2], 0, 0, false);
+
+                uint tag = input.ReadTag();
+                Assert.AreEqual(1, WireFormat.GetTagFieldNumber(tag));
+                Assert.AreEqual(100, input.ReadBytes().Length);
+
+                tag = input.ReadTag();
+                Assert.AreEqual(2, WireFormat.GetTagFieldNumber(tag));
+                Assert.AreEqual(100, input.ReadBytes().Length);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Tag0Throws()
+        {
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(new byte[] { 0 });
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => input.ReadTag());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SkipGroup()
+        {
+            // Create an output stream with a group in:
+            // Field 1: string "field 1"
+            // Field 2: group containing:
+            //   Field 1: fixed int32 value 100
+            //   Field 2: string "ignore me"
+            //   Field 3: nested group containing
+            //      Field 1: fixed int64 value 1000
+            // Field 3: string "field 3"
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteString("field 1");
+            
+            // The outer group...
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32);
+            output.WriteFixed32(100);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteString("ignore me");
+            // The nested group...
+            output.WriteTag(3, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed64);
+            output.WriteFixed64(1000);
+            // Note: Not sure the field number is relevant for end group...
+            output.WriteTag(3, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+
+            // End the outer group
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+
+            output.WriteTag(3, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteString("field 3");
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            // Now act like a generated client
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            Assert.AreEqual(WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited), input.ReadTag());
+            Assert.AreEqual("field 1", input.ReadString());
+            Assert.AreEqual(WireFormat.MakeTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup), input.ReadTag());
+            input.SkipLastField(); // Should consume the whole group, including the nested one.
+            Assert.AreEqual(WireFormat.MakeTag(3, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited), input.ReadTag());
+            Assert.AreEqual("field 3", input.ReadString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SkipGroup_WrongEndGroupTag()
+        {
+            // Create an output stream with:
+            // Field 1: string "field 1"
+            // Start group 2
+            //   Field 3: fixed int32
+            // End group 4 (should give an error)
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteString("field 1");
+
+            // The outer group...
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup);
+            output.WriteTag(3, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32);
+            output.WriteFixed32(100);
+            output.WriteTag(4, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            // Now act like a generated client
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            Assert.AreEqual(WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited), input.ReadTag());
+            Assert.AreEqual("field 1", input.ReadString());
+            Assert.AreEqual(WireFormat.MakeTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup), input.ReadTag());
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(input.SkipLastField);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RogueEndGroupTag()
+        {
+            // If we have an end-group tag without a leading start-group tag, generated
+            // code will just call SkipLastField... so that should fail.
+
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            Assert.AreEqual(WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup), input.ReadTag());
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(input.SkipLastField);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EndOfStreamReachedWhileSkippingGroup()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            // Now act like a generated client
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.ReadTag();
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(input.SkipLastField);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RecursionLimitAppliedWhileSkippingGroup()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            for (int i = 0; i < CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit + 1; i++)
+            {
+                output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup);
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit + 1; i++)
+            {
+                output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+            }
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            // Now act like a generated client
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            Assert.AreEqual(WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup), input.ReadTag());
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(input.SkipLastField);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Construction_Invalid()
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => new CodedInputStream((byte[]) null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => new CodedInputStream(null, 0, 0));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => new CodedInputStream((Stream) null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new CodedInputStream(new byte[10], 100, 0));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new CodedInputStream(new byte[10], 5, 10));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CreateWithLimits_InvalidLimits()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => CodedInputStream.CreateWithLimits(stream, 0, 1));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => CodedInputStream.CreateWithLimits(stream, 1, 0));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Dispose_DisposesUnderlyingStream()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            Assert.IsTrue(memoryStream.CanRead);
+            using (var cis = new CodedInputStream(memoryStream))
+            {
+            }
+            Assert.IsFalse(memoryStream.CanRead); // Disposed
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Dispose_WithLeaveOpen()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            Assert.IsTrue(memoryStream.CanRead);
+            using (var cis = new CodedInputStream(memoryStream, true))
+            {
+            }
+            Assert.IsTrue(memoryStream.CanRead); // We left the stream open
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedOutputStreamTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedOutputStreamTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01bd3218f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedOutputStreamTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class CodedOutputStreamTest
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the given value using WriteRawVarint32() and WriteRawVarint64() and
+        /// checks that the result matches the given bytes
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertWriteVarint(byte[] data, ulong value)
+        {
+            // Only do 32-bit write if the value fits in 32 bits.
+            if ((value >> 32) == 0)
+            {
+                MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+                CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput);
+                output.WriteRawVarint32((uint) value);
+                output.Flush();
+                Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+                // Also try computing size.
+                Assert.AreEqual(data.Length, CodedOutputStream.ComputeRawVarint32Size((uint) value));
+            }
+
+            {
+                MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+                CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput);
+                output.WriteRawVarint64(value);
+                output.Flush();
+                Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+
+                // Also try computing size.
+                Assert.AreEqual(data.Length, CodedOutputStream.ComputeRawVarint64Size(value));
+            }
+
+            // Try different buffer sizes.
+            for (int bufferSize = 1; bufferSize <= 16; bufferSize *= 2)
+            {
+                // Only do 32-bit write if the value fits in 32 bits.
+                if ((value >> 32) == 0)
+                {
+                    MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+                    CodedOutputStream output =
+                        new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput, bufferSize);
+                    output.WriteRawVarint32((uint) value);
+                    output.Flush();
+                    Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+                }
+
+                {
+                    MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+                    CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput, bufferSize);
+                    output.WriteRawVarint64(value);
+                    output.Flush();
+                    Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tests WriteRawVarint32() and WriteRawVarint64()
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteVarint()
+        {
+            AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0x00}, 0);
+            AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0x01}, 1);
+            AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0x7f}, 127);
+            // 14882
+            AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0xa2, 0x74}, (0x22 << 0) | (0x74 << 7));
+            // 2961488830
+            AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b},
+                              (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
+                              (0x0bL << 28));
+
+            // 64-bit
+            // 7256456126
+            AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b},
+                              (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
+                              (0x1bL << 28));
+            // 41256202580718336
+            AssertWriteVarint(
+                new byte[] {0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49},
+                (0x00 << 0) | (0x66 << 7) | (0x6b << 14) | (0x1c << 21) |
+                (0x43UL << 28) | (0x49L << 35) | (0x24UL << 42) | (0x49UL << 49));
+            // 11964378330978735131
+            AssertWriteVarint(
+                new byte[] {0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85, 0xa6, 0x01},
+                unchecked((ulong)
+                          ((0x1b << 0) | (0x28 << 7) | (0x79 << 14) | (0x42 << 21) |
+                           (0x3bL << 28) | (0x56L << 35) | (0x00L << 42) |
+                           (0x05L << 49) | (0x26L << 56) | (0x01L << 63))));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the given bytes using WriteRawLittleEndian32() and checks
+        /// that the result matches the given value.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertWriteLittleEndian32(byte[] data, uint value)
+        {
+            MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput);
+            output.WriteRawLittleEndian32(value);
+            output.Flush();
+            Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+
+            // Try different buffer sizes.
+            for (int bufferSize = 1; bufferSize <= 16; bufferSize *= 2)
+            {
+                rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+                output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput, bufferSize);
+                output.WriteRawLittleEndian32(value);
+                output.Flush();
+                Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the given bytes using WriteRawLittleEndian64() and checks
+        /// that the result matches the given value.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertWriteLittleEndian64(byte[] data, ulong value)
+        {
+            MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput);
+            output.WriteRawLittleEndian64(value);
+            output.Flush();
+            Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+
+            // Try different block sizes.
+            for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2)
+            {
+                rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+                output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput, blockSize);
+                output.WriteRawLittleEndian64(value);
+                output.Flush();
+                Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tests writeRawLittleEndian32() and writeRawLittleEndian64().
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteLittleEndian()
+        {
+            AssertWriteLittleEndian32(new byte[] {0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12}, 0x12345678);
+            AssertWriteLittleEndian32(new byte[] {0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a}, 0x9abcdef0);
+
+            AssertWriteLittleEndian64(
+                new byte[] {0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12},
+                0x123456789abcdef0L);
+            AssertWriteLittleEndian64(
+                new byte[] {0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a},
+                0x9abcdef012345678UL);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteWholeMessage_VaryingBlockSizes()
+        {
+            TestAllTypes message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+
+            byte[] rawBytes = message.ToByteArray();
+
+            // Try different block sizes.
+            for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize < 256; blockSize *= 2)
+            {
+                MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+                CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput, blockSize);
+                message.WriteTo(output);
+                output.Flush();
+                Assert.AreEqual(rawBytes, rawOutput.ToArray());
+            }
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void EncodeZigZag32()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(0u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-1));
+            Assert.AreEqual(2u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(1));
+            Assert.AreEqual(3u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-2));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x7FFFFFFEu, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0x3FFFFFFF));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x7FFFFFFFu, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(unchecked((int) 0xC0000000)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFEu, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFF));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFFu, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(unchecked((int) 0x80000000)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EncodeZigZag64()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(0u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(0));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-1));
+            Assert.AreEqual(2u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(1));
+            Assert.AreEqual(3u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-2));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x000000007FFFFFFEuL,
+                            CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x000000003FFFFFFFUL)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x000000007FFFFFFFuL,
+                            CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0xFFFFFFFFC0000000UL)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000FFFFFFFEuL,
+                            CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x000000007FFFFFFFUL)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000FFFFFFFFuL,
+                            CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0xFFFFFFFF80000000UL)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEL,
+                            CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFUL)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL,
+                            CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x8000000000000000UL)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTripZigZag32()
+        {
+            // Some easier-to-verify round-trip tests.  The inputs (other than 0, 1, -1)
+            // were chosen semi-randomly via keyboard bashing.
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(1)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-1)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(14927, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(14927)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-3612, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-3612)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTripZigZag64()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(0)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(1)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-1)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(14927, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(14927)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-3612, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-3612)));
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(856912304801416L,
+                            CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(856912304801416L)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-75123905439571256L,
+                            CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-75123905439571256L)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNegativeEnumNoTag()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(-2));
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) SampleEnum.NegativeValue));
+
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[10];
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(bytes);
+            output.WriteEnum((int) SampleEnum.NegativeValue);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);
+            Assert.AreEqual("FE-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-01", BitConverter.ToString(bytes));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestCodedInputOutputPosition()
+        {
+            byte[] content = new byte[110];
+            for (int i = 0; i < content.Length; i++)
+                content[i] = (byte)i;
+
+            byte[] child = new byte[120];
+            {
+                MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(child);
+                CodedOutputStream cout = new CodedOutputStream(ms, 20);
+                // Field 11: numeric value: 500
+                cout.WriteTag(11, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+                Assert.AreEqual(1, cout.Position);
+                cout.WriteInt32(500);
+                Assert.AreEqual(3, cout.Position);
+                //Field 12: length delimited 120 bytes
+                cout.WriteTag(12, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+                Assert.AreEqual(4, cout.Position);
+                cout.WriteBytes(ByteString.CopyFrom(content));
+                Assert.AreEqual(115, cout.Position);
+                // Field 13: fixed numeric value: 501
+                cout.WriteTag(13, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32);
+                Assert.AreEqual(116, cout.Position);
+                cout.WriteSFixed32(501);
+                Assert.AreEqual(120, cout.Position);
+                cout.Flush();
+            }
+
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[130];
+            {
+                CodedOutputStream cout = new CodedOutputStream(bytes);
+                // Field 1: numeric value: 500
+                cout.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+                Assert.AreEqual(1, cout.Position);
+                cout.WriteInt32(500);
+                Assert.AreEqual(3, cout.Position);
+                //Field 2: length delimited 120 bytes
+                cout.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+                Assert.AreEqual(4, cout.Position);
+                cout.WriteBytes(ByteString.CopyFrom(child));
+                Assert.AreEqual(125, cout.Position);
+                // Field 3: fixed numeric value: 500
+                cout.WriteTag(3, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32);
+                Assert.AreEqual(126, cout.Position);
+                cout.WriteSFixed32(501);
+                Assert.AreEqual(130, cout.Position);
+                cout.Flush();
+            }
+            // Now test Input stream:
+            {
+                CodedInputStream cin = new CodedInputStream(new MemoryStream(bytes), new byte[50], 0, 0, false);
+                Assert.AreEqual(0, cin.Position);
+                // Field 1:
+                uint tag = cin.ReadTag();
+                Assert.AreEqual(1, tag >> 3);
+                Assert.AreEqual(1, cin.Position);
+                Assert.AreEqual(500, cin.ReadInt32());
+                Assert.AreEqual(3, cin.Position);
+                //Field 2:
+                tag = cin.ReadTag();
+                Assert.AreEqual(2, tag >> 3);
+                Assert.AreEqual(4, cin.Position);
+                int childlen = cin.ReadLength();
+                Assert.AreEqual(120, childlen);
+                Assert.AreEqual(5, cin.Position);
+                int oldlimit = cin.PushLimit((int)childlen);
+                Assert.AreEqual(5, cin.Position);
+                // Now we are reading child message
+                {
+                    // Field 11: numeric value: 500
+                    tag = cin.ReadTag();
+                    Assert.AreEqual(11, tag >> 3);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(6, cin.Position);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(500, cin.ReadInt32());
+                    Assert.AreEqual(8, cin.Position);
+                    //Field 12: length delimited 120 bytes
+                    tag = cin.ReadTag();
+                    Assert.AreEqual(12, tag >> 3);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(9, cin.Position);
+                    ByteString bstr = cin.ReadBytes();
+                    Assert.AreEqual(110, bstr.Length);
+                    Assert.AreEqual((byte) 109, bstr[109]);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(120, cin.Position);
+                    // Field 13: fixed numeric value: 501
+                    tag = cin.ReadTag();
+                    Assert.AreEqual(13, tag >> 3);
+                    // ROK - Previously broken here, this returned 126 failing to account for bufferSizeAfterLimit
+                    Assert.AreEqual(121, cin.Position);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(501, cin.ReadSFixed32());
+                    Assert.AreEqual(125, cin.Position);
+                    Assert.IsTrue(cin.IsAtEnd);
+                }
+                cin.PopLimit(oldlimit);
+                Assert.AreEqual(125, cin.Position);
+                // Field 3: fixed numeric value: 501
+                tag = cin.ReadTag();
+                Assert.AreEqual(3, tag >> 3);
+                Assert.AreEqual(126, cin.Position);
+                Assert.AreEqual(501, cin.ReadSFixed32());
+                Assert.AreEqual(130, cin.Position);
+                Assert.IsTrue(cin.IsAtEnd);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Dispose_DisposesUnderlyingStream()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            Assert.IsTrue(memoryStream.CanWrite);
+            using (var cos = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream))
+            {
+                cos.WriteRawByte(0);
+                Assert.AreEqual(0, memoryStream.Position); // Not flushed yet
+            }
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, memoryStream.ToArray().Length); // Flushed data from CodedOutputStream to MemoryStream
+            Assert.IsFalse(memoryStream.CanWrite); // Disposed
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Dispose_WithLeaveOpen()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            Assert.IsTrue(memoryStream.CanWrite);
+            using (var cos = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream, true))
+            {
+                cos.WriteRawByte(0);
+                Assert.AreEqual(0, memoryStream.Position); // Not flushed yet
+            }
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, memoryStream.Position); // Flushed data from CodedOutputStream to MemoryStream
+            Assert.IsTrue(memoryStream.CanWrite); // We left the stream open
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/MapFieldTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/MapFieldTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b4e1d33b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/MapFieldTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Collections
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tests for MapField which aren't reliant on the encoded format -
+    /// tests for serialization/deserialization are part of GeneratedMessageTest.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class MapFieldTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Clone_ClonesMessages()
+        {
+            var message = new ForeignMessage { C = 20 };
+            var map = new MapField<string, ForeignMessage> { { "x", message } };
+            var clone = map.Clone();
+            map["x"].C = 30;
+            Assert.AreEqual(20, clone["x"].C);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NullValuesProhibited()
+        {
+            TestNullValues<int?>(0);
+            TestNullValues("");
+            TestNullValues(new TestAllTypes());
+        }
+
+        private void TestNullValues<T>(T nonNullValue)
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<int, T>();
+            var nullValue = (T) (object) null;
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => map.Add(0, nullValue));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => map[0] = nullValue);
+            map.Add(1, nonNullValue);
+            map[1] = nonNullValue;
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Add_ForbidsNullKeys()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, ForeignMessage>();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => map.Add(null, new ForeignMessage()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Indexer_ForbidsNullKeys()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, ForeignMessage>();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => map[null] = new ForeignMessage());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddPreservesInsertionOrder()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map.Add("a", "v1");
+            map.Add("b", "v2");
+            map.Add("c", "v3");
+            map.Remove("b");
+            map.Add("d", "v4");
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "a", "c", "d" }, map.Keys);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "v1", "v3", "v4" }, map.Values);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EqualityIsOrderInsensitive()
+        {
+            var map1 = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map1.Add("a", "v1");
+            map1.Add("b", "v2");
+
+            var map2 = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map2.Add("b", "v2");
+            map2.Add("a", "v1");
+
+            EqualityTester.AssertEquality(map1, map2);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EqualityIsKeySensitive()
+        {
+            var map1 = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map1.Add("first key", "v1");
+            map1.Add("second key", "v2");
+
+            var map2 = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map2.Add("third key", "v1");
+            map2.Add("fourth key", "v2");
+
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(map1, map2);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Equality_Simple()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            EqualityTester.AssertEquality(map, map);
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(map, null);
+            Assert.IsFalse(map.Equals(new object()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EqualityIsValueSensitive()
+        {
+            // Note: Without some care, it's a little easier than one might
+            // hope to see hash collisions, but only in some environments...
+            var map1 = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map1.Add("a", "first value");
+            map1.Add("b", "second value");
+
+            var map2 = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map2.Add("a", "third value");
+            map2.Add("b", "fourth value");
+
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(map1, map2);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Add_Dictionary()
+        {
+            var map1 = new MapField<string, string>
+            {
+                { "x", "y" },
+                { "a", "b" }
+            };
+            var map2 = new MapField<string, string>
+            {
+                { "before", "" },
+                map1,
+                { "after", "" }
+            };
+            var expected = new MapField<string, string>
+            {
+                { "before", "" },
+                { "x", "y" },
+                { "a", "b" },
+                { "after", "" }
+            };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, map2);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "before", "x", "a", "after" }, map2.Keys);
+        }
+
+        // General IDictionary<TKey, TValue> behavior tests
+        [Test]
+        public void Add_KeyAlreadyExists()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map.Add("foo", "bar");
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => map.Add("foo", "baz"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Add_Pair()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, string>> collection = map;
+            collection.Add(NewKeyValuePair("x", "y"));
+            Assert.AreEqual("y", map["x"]);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => collection.Add(NewKeyValuePair("x", "z")));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Contains_Pair()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, string>> collection = map;
+            Assert.IsTrue(collection.Contains(NewKeyValuePair("x", "y")));
+            Assert.IsFalse(collection.Contains(NewKeyValuePair("x", "z")));
+            Assert.IsFalse(collection.Contains(NewKeyValuePair("z", "y")));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Remove_Key()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map.Add("foo", "bar");
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, map.Count);
+            Assert.IsFalse(map.Remove("missing"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, map.Count);
+            Assert.IsTrue(map.Remove("foo"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, map.Count);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => map.Remove(null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Remove_Pair()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map.Add("foo", "bar");
+            ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, string>> collection = map;
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, map.Count);
+            Assert.IsFalse(collection.Remove(NewKeyValuePair("wrong key", "bar")));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, map.Count);
+            Assert.IsFalse(collection.Remove(NewKeyValuePair("foo", "wrong value")));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, map.Count);
+            Assert.IsTrue(collection.Remove(NewKeyValuePair("foo", "bar")));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, map.Count);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => collection.Remove(new KeyValuePair<string, string>(null, "")));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CopyTo_Pair()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map.Add("foo", "bar");
+            ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, string>> collection = map;
+            KeyValuePair<string, string>[] array = new KeyValuePair<string, string>[3];
+            collection.CopyTo(array, 1);
+            Assert.AreEqual(NewKeyValuePair("foo", "bar"), array[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, map.Count);
+            map.Clear();
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, map.Count);
+            map.Add("x", "y");
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, map.Count);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Indexer_Get()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            Assert.AreEqual("y", map["x"]);
+            Assert.Throws<KeyNotFoundException>(() => { var ignored = map["z"]; });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Indexer_Set()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map["x"] = "y";
+            Assert.AreEqual("y", map["x"]);
+            map["x"] = "z"; // This won't throw, unlike Add.
+            Assert.AreEqual("z", map["x"]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetEnumerator_NonGeneric()
+        {
+            IEnumerable map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { new KeyValuePair<string, string>("x", "y") },
+                map.Cast<object>().ToList());
+        }
+
+        // Test for the explicitly-implemented non-generic IDictionary interface
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            IDictionary map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            var enumerator = map.GetEnumerator();
+
+            // Commented assertions show an ideal situation - it looks like
+            // the LinkedList enumerator doesn't throw when you ask for the current entry
+            // at an inappropriate time; fixing this would be more work than it's worth.
+            // Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => enumerator.Current.GetHashCode());
+            Assert.IsTrue(enumerator.MoveNext());
+            Assert.AreEqual("x", enumerator.Key);
+            Assert.AreEqual("y", enumerator.Value);
+            Assert.AreEqual(new DictionaryEntry("x", "y"), enumerator.Current);
+            Assert.AreEqual(new DictionaryEntry("x", "y"), enumerator.Entry);
+            Assert.IsFalse(enumerator.MoveNext());
+            // Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => enumerator.Current.GetHashCode());
+            enumerator.Reset();
+            // Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => enumerator.Current.GetHashCode());
+            Assert.IsTrue(enumerator.MoveNext());
+            Assert.AreEqual("x", enumerator.Key); // Assume the rest are okay
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_Add()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            IDictionary dictionary = map;
+            dictionary.Add("a", "b");
+            Assert.AreEqual("b", map["a"]);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => dictionary.Add("a", "duplicate"));
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidCastException>(() => dictionary.Add(new object(), "key is bad"));
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidCastException>(() => dictionary.Add("value is bad", new object()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_Contains()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            IDictionary dictionary = map;
+
+            Assert.IsFalse(dictionary.Contains("a"));
+            Assert.IsFalse(dictionary.Contains(5));
+            // Surprising, but IDictionary.Contains is only about keys.
+            Assert.IsFalse(dictionary.Contains(new DictionaryEntry("x", "y")));
+            Assert.IsTrue(dictionary.Contains("x"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_Remove()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            IDictionary dictionary = map;
+            dictionary.Remove("a");
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, dictionary.Count);
+            dictionary.Remove(5);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, dictionary.Count);
+            dictionary.Remove(new DictionaryEntry("x", "y"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, dictionary.Count);
+            dictionary.Remove("x");
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, dictionary.Count);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => dictionary.Remove(null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_CopyTo()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            IDictionary dictionary = map;
+            var array = new DictionaryEntry[3];
+            dictionary.CopyTo(array, 1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { default(DictionaryEntry), new DictionaryEntry("x", "y"), default(DictionaryEntry) },
+                array);
+            var objectArray = new object[3];
+            dictionary.CopyTo(objectArray, 1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new object[] { null, new DictionaryEntry("x", "y"), null },
+                objectArray);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_IsFixedSize()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            IDictionary dictionary = map;
+            Assert.IsFalse(dictionary.IsFixedSize);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_Keys()
+        {
+            IDictionary dictionary = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "x" }, dictionary.Keys);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_Values()
+        {
+            IDictionary dictionary = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "y" }, dictionary.Values);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_IsSynchronized()
+        {
+            IDictionary dictionary = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            Assert.IsFalse(dictionary.IsSynchronized);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_SyncRoot()
+        {
+            IDictionary dictionary = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            Assert.AreSame(dictionary, dictionary.SyncRoot);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_Indexer_Get()
+        {
+            IDictionary dictionary = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            Assert.AreEqual("y", dictionary["x"]);
+            Assert.IsNull(dictionary["a"]);
+            Assert.IsNull(dictionary[5]);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => dictionary[null].GetHashCode());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_Indexer_Set()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            IDictionary dictionary = map;
+            map["a"] = "b";
+            Assert.AreEqual("b", map["a"]);
+            map["a"] = "c";
+            Assert.AreEqual("c", map["a"]);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidCastException>(() => dictionary[5] = "x");
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidCastException>(() => dictionary["x"] = 5);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => dictionary[null] = "z");
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => dictionary["x"] = null);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void KeysReturnsLiveView()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            var keys = map.Keys;
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new string[0], keys);
+            map["foo"] = "bar";
+            map["x"] = "y";
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "foo", "x" }, keys);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ValuesReturnsLiveView()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            var values = map.Values;
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new string[0], values);
+            map["foo"] = "bar";
+            map["x"] = "y";
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "bar", "y" }, values);
+        }
+
+        // Just test keys - we know the implementation is the same for values
+        [Test]
+        public void ViewsAreReadOnly()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            var keys = map.Keys;
+            Assert.IsTrue(keys.IsReadOnly);
+            Assert.Throws<NotSupportedException>(() => keys.Clear());
+            Assert.Throws<NotSupportedException>(() => keys.Remove("a"));
+            Assert.Throws<NotSupportedException>(() => keys.Add("a"));
+        }
+
+        // Just test keys - we know the implementation is the same for values
+        [Test]
+        public void ViewCopyTo()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "foo", "bar" }, { "x", "y" } };
+            var keys = map.Keys;
+            var array = new string[4];
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => keys.CopyTo(array, 3));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => keys.CopyTo(array, -1));
+            keys.CopyTo(array, 1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { null, "foo", "x", null }, array);
+        }
+
+        // Just test keys - we know the implementation is the same for values
+        [Test]
+        public void NonGenericViewCopyTo()
+        {
+            IDictionary map = new MapField<string, string> { { "foo", "bar" }, { "x", "y" } };
+            ICollection keys = map.Keys;
+            // Note the use of the Array type here rather than string[]
+            Array array = new string[4];
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => keys.CopyTo(array, 3));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => keys.CopyTo(array, -1));
+            keys.CopyTo(array, 1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { null, "foo", "x", null }, array);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void KeysContains()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "foo", "bar" }, { "x", "y" } };
+            var keys = map.Keys;
+            Assert.IsTrue(keys.Contains("foo"));
+            Assert.IsFalse(keys.Contains("bar")); // It's a value!
+            Assert.IsFalse(keys.Contains("1"));
+            // Keys can't be null, so we should prevent contains check
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => keys.Contains(null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ValuesContains()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "foo", "bar" }, { "x", "y" } };
+            var values = map.Values;
+            Assert.IsTrue(values.Contains("bar"));
+            Assert.IsFalse(values.Contains("foo")); // It's a key!
+            Assert.IsFalse(values.Contains("1"));
+            // Values can be null, so this makes sense
+            Assert.IsFalse(values.Contains(null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_StringToString()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "foo", "bar" }, { "x", "y" } };
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"foo\": \"bar\", \"x\": \"y\" }", map.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_UnsupportedKeyType()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<byte, string> { { 10, "foo" } };
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => map.ToString());
+        }
+
+        private static KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> NewKeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(TKey key, TValue value)
+        {
+            return new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(key, value);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/RepeatedFieldTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/RepeatedFieldTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6852f75f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/RepeatedFieldTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,746 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Collections
+{
+    public class RepeatedFieldTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void NullValuesRejected()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => list.Add((string)null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => list.Add((IEnumerable<string>)null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => list.Add((RepeatedField<string>)null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => list.Contains(null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => list.IndexOf(null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Add_SingleItem()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            list.Add("foo");
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("foo", list[0]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Add_Sequence()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            list.Add(new[] { "foo", "bar" });
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("foo", list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("bar", list[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_SlowPath()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            list.AddRange(new[] { "foo", "bar" }.Select(x => x));
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("foo", list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("bar", list[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_SlowPath_NullsProhibited_ReferenceType()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            // It's okay for this to throw ArgumentNullException if necessary.
+            // It's not ideal, but not awful.
+            Assert.Catch<ArgumentException>(() => list.AddRange(new[] { "foo", null }.Select(x => x)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_SlowPath_NullsProhibited_NullableValueType()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int?>();
+            // It's okay for this to throw ArgumentNullException if necessary.
+            // It's not ideal, but not awful.
+            Assert.Catch<ArgumentException>(() => list.AddRange(new[] { 20, (int?)null }.Select(x => x)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_Optimized_NonNullableValueType()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int>();
+            list.AddRange(new List<int> { 20, 30 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(20, list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(30, list[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_Optimized_ReferenceType()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            list.AddRange(new List<string> { "foo", "bar" });
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("foo", list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("bar", list[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_Optimized_NullableValueType()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int?>();
+            list.AddRange(new List<int?> { 20, 30 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual((int?) 20, list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual((int?) 30, list[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_Optimized_NullsProhibited_ReferenceType()
+        {
+            // We don't just trust that a collection with a nullable element type doesn't contain nulls
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            // It's okay for this to throw ArgumentNullException if necessary.
+            // It's not ideal, but not awful.
+            Assert.Catch<ArgumentException>(() => list.AddRange(new List<string> { "foo", null }));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_Optimized_NullsProhibited_NullableValueType()
+        {
+            // We don't just trust that a collection with a nullable element type doesn't contain nulls
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int?>();
+            // It's okay for this to throw ArgumentNullException if necessary.
+            // It's not ideal, but not awful.
+            Assert.Catch<ArgumentException>(() => list.AddRange(new List<int?> { 20, null }));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_AlreadyNotEmpty()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int> { 1, 2, 3 };
+            list.AddRange(new List<int> { 4, 5, 6 });
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, list);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_RepeatedField()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "original" };
+            list.AddRange(new RepeatedField<string> { "foo", "bar" });
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("original", list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("foo", list[1]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("bar", list[2]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RemoveAt_Valid()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second", "third" };
+            list.RemoveAt(1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "first", "third" }, list);
+            // Just check that these don't throw...
+            list.RemoveAt(list.Count - 1); // Now the count will be 1...
+            list.RemoveAt(0);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, list.Count);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RemoveAt_Invalid()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second", "third" };
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list.RemoveAt(-1));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list.RemoveAt(3));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Insert_Valid()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            list.Insert(1, "middle");
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "first", "middle", "second" }, list);
+            list.Insert(3, "end");
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "first", "middle", "second", "end" }, list);
+            list.Insert(0, "start");
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "start", "first", "middle", "second", "end" }, list);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Insert_Invalid()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list.Insert(-1, "foo"));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list.Insert(3, "foo"));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => list.Insert(0, null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Equals_RepeatedField()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Equals((RepeatedField<string>) null));
+            Assert.IsTrue(list.Equals(list));
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Equals(new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "third" }));
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Equals(new RepeatedField<string> { "first" }));
+            Assert.IsTrue(list.Equals(new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" }));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Equals_Object()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Equals((object) null));
+            Assert.IsTrue(list.Equals((object) list));
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Equals((object) new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "third" }));
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Equals((object) new RepeatedField<string> { "first" }));
+            Assert.IsTrue(list.Equals((object) new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" }));
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Equals(new object()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetEnumerator_GenericInterface()
+        {
+            IEnumerable<string> list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            // Select gets rid of the optimizations in ToList...
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "first", "second" }, list.Select(x => x).ToList());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetEnumerator_NonGenericInterface()
+        {
+            IEnumerable list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "first", "second" }, list.Cast<object>().ToList());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CopyTo()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            string[] stringArray = new string[4];
+            list.CopyTo(stringArray, 1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { null, "first", "second", null }, stringArray);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Indexer_Get()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.AreEqual("first", list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("second", list[1]);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list[-1].GetHashCode());
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list[2].GetHashCode());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Indexer_Set()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            list[0] = "changed";
+            Assert.AreEqual("changed", list[0]);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => list[0] = null);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list[-1] = "bad");
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list[2] = "bad");
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Clone_ReturnsMutable()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int> { 0 };
+            var clone = list.Clone();
+            clone[0] = 1;
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Enumerator()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            using (var enumerator = list.GetEnumerator())
+            {
+                Assert.IsTrue(enumerator.MoveNext());
+                Assert.AreEqual("first", enumerator.Current);
+                Assert.IsTrue(enumerator.MoveNext());
+                Assert.AreEqual("second", enumerator.Current);
+                Assert.IsFalse(enumerator.MoveNext());
+                Assert.IsFalse(enumerator.MoveNext());
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddEntriesFrom_PackedInt32()
+        {
+            uint packedTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            var length = CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(10)
+                + CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(999)
+                + CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(-1000);
+            output.WriteTag(packedTag);
+            output.WriteRawVarint32((uint) length);
+            output.WriteInt32(10);
+            output.WriteInt32(999);
+            output.WriteInt32(-1000);
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            // Deliberately "expecting" a non-packed tag, but we detect that the data is
+            // actually packed.
+            uint nonPackedTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var field = new RepeatedField<int>();
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(packedTag);
+            field.AddEntriesFrom(input, FieldCodec.ForInt32(nonPackedTag));
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { 10, 999, -1000 }, field);
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddEntriesFrom_NonPackedInt32()
+        {
+            uint nonPackedTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            output.WriteTag(nonPackedTag);
+            output.WriteInt32(10);
+            output.WriteTag(nonPackedTag);
+            output.WriteInt32(999);
+            output.WriteTag(nonPackedTag);
+            output.WriteInt32(-1000); // Just for variety...
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            // Deliberately "expecting" a packed tag, but we detect that the data is
+            // actually not packed.
+            uint packedTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var field = new RepeatedField<int>();
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(nonPackedTag);
+            field.AddEntriesFrom(input, FieldCodec.ForInt32(packedTag));
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { 10, 999, -1000 }, field);
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddEntriesFrom_String()
+        {
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            output.WriteTag(tag);
+            output.WriteString("Foo");
+            output.WriteTag(tag);
+            output.WriteString("");
+            output.WriteTag(tag);
+            output.WriteString("Bar");
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var field = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            field.AddEntriesFrom(input, FieldCodec.ForString(tag));
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "Foo", "", "Bar" }, field);
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddEntriesFrom_Message()
+        {
+            var message1 = new ForeignMessage { C = 2000 };
+            var message2 = new ForeignMessage { C = -250 };
+
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            output.WriteTag(tag);
+            output.WriteMessage(message1);
+            output.WriteTag(tag);
+            output.WriteMessage(message2);
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var field = new RepeatedField<ForeignMessage>();
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            field.AddEntriesFrom(input, FieldCodec.ForMessage(tag, ForeignMessage.Parser));
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { message1, message2}, field);
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteTo_PackedInt32()
+        {
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var field = new RepeatedField<int> { 10, 1000, 1000000 };
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            field.WriteTo(output, FieldCodec.ForInt32(tag));
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            var length = input.ReadLength();
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, input.ReadInt32());
+            Assert.AreEqual(1000, input.ReadInt32());
+            Assert.AreEqual(1000000, input.ReadInt32());
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1 + CodedOutputStream.ComputeLengthSize(length) + length, stream.Length);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteTo_NonPackedInt32()
+        {
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            var field = new RepeatedField<int> { 10, 1000, 1000000};
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            field.WriteTo(output, FieldCodec.ForInt32(tag));
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, input.ReadInt32());
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1000, input.ReadInt32());
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1000000, input.ReadInt32());
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteTo_String()
+        {
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var field = new RepeatedField<string> { "Foo", "", "Bar" };
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            field.WriteTo(output, FieldCodec.ForString(tag));
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Foo", input.ReadString());
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual("", input.ReadString());
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Bar", input.ReadString());
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteTo_Message()
+        {
+            var message1 = new ForeignMessage { C = 20 };
+            var message2 = new ForeignMessage { C = 25 };
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var field = new RepeatedField<ForeignMessage> { message1, message2 };
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            field.WriteTo(output, FieldCodec.ForMessage(tag, ForeignMessage.Parser));
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message1, input.ReadMessage(ForeignMessage.Parser));
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message2, input.ReadMessage(ForeignMessage.Parser));
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CalculateSize_VariableSizeNonPacked()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int> { 1, 500, 1 };
+            var tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            // 2 bytes for the first entry, 3 bytes for the second, 2 bytes for the third
+            Assert.AreEqual(7, list.CalculateSize(FieldCodec.ForInt32(tag)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CalculateSize_FixedSizeNonPacked()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int> { 1, 500, 1 };
+            var tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32);
+            // 5 bytes for the each entry
+            Assert.AreEqual(15, list.CalculateSize(FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(tag)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CalculateSize_VariableSizePacked()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int> { 1, 500, 1};
+            var tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            // 1 byte for the tag, 1 byte for the length,
+            // 1 byte for the first entry, 2 bytes for the second, 1 byte for the third
+            Assert.AreEqual(6, list.CalculateSize(FieldCodec.ForInt32(tag)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CalculateSize_FixedSizePacked()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int> { 1, 500, 1 };
+            var tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            // 1 byte for the tag, 1 byte for the length, 4 bytes per entry
+            Assert.AreEqual(14, list.CalculateSize(FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(tag)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNegativeEnumArray()
+        {
+            int arraySize = 1 + 1 + (11 * 5);
+            int msgSize = arraySize;
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[msgSize];
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(bytes);
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(8, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            for (int i = 0; i >= -5; i--)
+            {
+                output.WriteTag(tag);
+                output.WriteEnum(i);
+            }
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);
+
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(bytes);
+            tag = input.ReadTag();
+
+            RepeatedField<SampleEnum> values = new RepeatedField<SampleEnum>();
+            values.AddEntriesFrom(input, FieldCodec.ForEnum(tag, x => (int)x, x => (SampleEnum)x));
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(6, values.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(SampleEnum.None, values[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-1)), values[1]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(SampleEnum.NegativeValue, values[2]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-3)), values[3]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-4)), values[4]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-5)), values[5]);
+        }
+
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNegativeEnumPackedArray()
+        {
+            int arraySize = 1 + (10 * 5);
+            int msgSize = 1 + 1 + arraySize;
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[msgSize];
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(bytes);
+            // Length-delimited to show we want the packed representation
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(8, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteTag(tag);
+            int size = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i >= -5; i--)
+            {
+                size += CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize(i);
+            }
+            output.WriteRawVarint32((uint)size);
+            for (int i = 0; i >= -5; i--)
+            {
+                output.WriteEnum(i);
+            }
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);
+
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(bytes);
+            tag = input.ReadTag();
+
+            RepeatedField<SampleEnum> values = new RepeatedField<SampleEnum>();
+            values.AddEntriesFrom(input, FieldCodec.ForEnum(tag, x => (int)x, x => (SampleEnum)x));
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(6, values.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(SampleEnum.None, values[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-1)), values[1]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(SampleEnum.NegativeValue, values[2]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-3)), values[3]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-4)), values[4]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-5)), values[5]);
+        }
+
+        // Fairly perfunctory tests for the non-generic IList implementation
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_Indexer()
+        {
+            var field = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            IList list = field;
+            Assert.AreEqual("first", list[0]);
+            list[1] = "changed";
+            Assert.AreEqual("changed", field[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_Contains()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.IsTrue(list.Contains("second"));
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Contains("third"));
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Contains(new object()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_Add()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            list.Add("third");
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "first", "second", "third" }, list);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_Remove()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            list.Remove("third"); // No-op, no exception
+            list.Remove(new object()); // No-op, no exception
+            list.Remove("first");
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "second" }, list);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_IsFixedSize()
+        {
+            var field = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            IList list = field;
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.IsFixedSize);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_IndexOf()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, list.IndexOf("second"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-1, list.IndexOf("third"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-1, list.IndexOf(new object()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_SyncRoot()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.AreSame(list, list.SyncRoot);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_CopyTo()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            string[] stringArray = new string[4];
+            list.CopyTo(stringArray, 1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { null, "first",  "second", null }, stringArray);
+
+            object[] objectArray = new object[4];
+            list.CopyTo(objectArray, 1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { null, "first", "second", null }, objectArray);
+
+            Assert.Throws<ArrayTypeMismatchException>(() => list.CopyTo(new StringBuilder[4], 1));
+            Assert.Throws<ArrayTypeMismatchException>(() => list.CopyTo(new int[4], 1));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_IsSynchronized()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.IsSynchronized);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_Insert()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            list.Insert(1, "middle");
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "first", "middle", "second" }, list);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Integers()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int> { 5, 10, 20 };
+            var text = list.ToString();
+            Assert.AreEqual("[ 5, 10, 20 ]", text);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Strings()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "x", "y", "z" };
+            var text = list.ToString();
+            Assert.AreEqual("[ \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" ]", text);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Messages()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<TestAllTypes> { new TestAllTypes { SingleDouble = 1.5 }, new TestAllTypes { SingleInt32 = 10 } };
+            var text = list.ToString();
+            Assert.AreEqual("[ { \"singleDouble\": 1.5 }, { \"singleInt32\": 10 } ]", text);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Empty()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<TestAllTypes> { };
+            var text = list.ToString();
+            Assert.AreEqual("[ ]", text);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_InvalidElementType()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<decimal> { 15m };
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => list.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Timestamp()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<Timestamp> { Timestamp.FromDateTime(new DateTime(2015, 10, 1, 12, 34, 56, DateTimeKind.Utc)) };
+            var text = list.ToString();
+            Assert.AreEqual("[ \"2015-10-01T12:34:56Z\" ]", text);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Struct()
+        {
+            var message = new Struct { Fields = { { "foo", new Value { NumberValue = 20 } } } };
+            var list = new RepeatedField<Struct> { message };
+            var text = list.ToString();
+            Assert.AreEqual(text, "[ { \"foo\": 20 } ]", message.ToString());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/PropertyInfoExtensionsTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/PropertyInfoExtensionsTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df23a09cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/PropertyInfoExtensionsTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Compatibility
+{
+    public class PropertyInfoExtensionsTest
+    {
+        public string PublicReadWrite { get; set; }
+        private string PrivateReadWrite { get; set; }
+        public string PublicReadPrivateWrite { get; private set; }
+        public string PrivateReadPublicWrite { private get; set; }
+        public string PublicReadOnly { get { return null; } }
+        private string PrivateReadOnly { get { return null; } }
+        public string PublicWriteOnly { set { } }
+        private string PrivateWriteOnly { set {  } }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("PublicReadWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PublicReadPrivateWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PublicReadOnly")]
+        public void GetGetMethod_Success(string name)
+        {
+            var propertyInfo = typeof(PropertyInfoExtensionsTest)
+                .GetProperty(name, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(PropertyInfoExtensions.GetGetMethod(propertyInfo));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("PrivateReadWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PrivateReadPublicWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PrivateReadOnly")]
+        [TestCase("PublicWriteOnly")]
+        [TestCase("PrivateWriteOnly")]
+        public void GetGetMethod_NoAccessibleGetter(string name)
+        {
+            var propertyInfo = typeof(PropertyInfoExtensionsTest)
+                .GetProperty(name, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
+            Assert.IsNull(PropertyInfoExtensions.GetGetMethod(propertyInfo));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("PublicReadWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PrivateReadPublicWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PublicWriteOnly")]
+        public void GetSetMethod_Success(string name)
+        {
+            var propertyInfo = typeof(PropertyInfoExtensionsTest)
+                .GetProperty(name, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(PropertyInfoExtensions.GetSetMethod(propertyInfo));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("PublicReadPrivateWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PrivateReadWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PrivateReadOnly")]
+        [TestCase("PublicReadOnly")]
+        [TestCase("PrivateWriteOnly")]
+        public void GetSetMethod_NoAccessibleGetter(string name)
+        {
+            var propertyInfo = typeof(PropertyInfoExtensionsTest)
+                .GetProperty(name, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
+            Assert.IsNull(PropertyInfoExtensions.GetSetMethod(propertyInfo));
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/TypeExtensionsTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/TypeExtensionsTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8a3d360c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/TypeExtensionsTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+#if !DOTNET35
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Compatibility
+{
+    public class TypeExtensionsTest
+    {
+        public class DerivedList : List<string> { }
+        public string PublicProperty { get; set; }
+        private string PrivateProperty { get; set; }
+
+        public void PublicMethod()
+        {
+        }
+
+        private void PrivateMethod()
+        {
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(object), typeof(string), true)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(object), typeof(int), true)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(string), typeof(string), true)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(string), typeof(object), false)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(string), typeof(int), false)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(int), typeof(int), true)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(ValueType), typeof(int), true)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(long), typeof(int), false)] //
+        public void IsAssignableFrom(Type target, Type argument, bool expected)
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, TypeExtensions.IsAssignableFrom(target, argument));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(DerivedList), "Count")] // Go up the type hierarchy
+        [TestCase(typeof(List<string>), "Count")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(List<>), "Count")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(TypeExtensionsTest), "PublicProperty")]
+        public void GetProperty_Success(Type type, string name)
+        {
+            var property = TypeExtensions.GetProperty(type, name);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(property);
+            Assert.AreEqual(name, property.Name);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(TypeExtensionsTest), "PrivateProperty")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(TypeExtensionsTest), "Garbage")]
+        public void GetProperty_NoSuchProperty(Type type, string name)
+        {
+            var property = TypeExtensions.GetProperty(type, name);
+            Assert.IsNull(property);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(DerivedList), "RemoveAt")] // Go up the type hierarchy
+        [TestCase(typeof(List<>), "RemoveAt")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(TypeExtensionsTest), "PublicMethod")]
+        public void GetMethod_Success(Type type, string name)
+        {
+            var method = TypeExtensions.GetMethod(type, name);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(method);
+            Assert.AreEqual(name, method.Name);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(TypeExtensionsTest), "PrivateMethod")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(TypeExtensionsTest), "GarbageMethod")]
+        public void GetMethod_NoSuchMethod(Type type, string name)
+        {
+            var method = TypeExtensions.GetMethod(type, name);
+            Assert.IsNull(method);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(List<string>), "IndexOf")]
+        public void GetMethod_Ambiguous(Type type, string name)
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<AmbiguousMatchException>(() => TypeExtensions.GetMethod(type, name));
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/DeprecatedMemberTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/DeprecatedMemberTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34d5b9f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/DeprecatedMemberTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+    
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class DeprecatedMemberTest
+    {
+        private static void AssertIsDeprecated(MemberInfo member)
+        {
+            Assert.NotNull(member);
+            Assert.IsTrue(member.IsDefined(typeof(ObsoleteAttribute), false), "Member not obsolete: " + member);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDepreatedPrimitiveValue()
+        {
+            AssertIsDeprecated(typeof(TestDeprecatedFields).GetProperty("DeprecatedInt32"));
+        }
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/EqualityTester.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/EqualityTester.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a669baba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/EqualityTester.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Helper methods when testing equality. NUnit's Assert.AreEqual and
+    /// Assert.AreNotEqual methods try to be clever with collections, which can
+    /// be annoying...
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static class EqualityTester
+    {
+        public static void AssertEquality<T>(T first, T second) where T : IEquatable<T>
+        {
+            Assert.IsTrue(first.Equals(second));
+            Assert.IsTrue(first.Equals((object) second));
+            Assert.AreEqual(first.GetHashCode(), second.GetHashCode());
+        }
+
+        public static void AssertInequality<T>(T first, T second) where T : IEquatable<T>
+        {
+            Assert.IsFalse(first.Equals(second));
+            Assert.IsFalse(first.Equals((object) second));
+            // While this isn't a requirement, the chances of this test failing due to
+            // coincidence rather than a bug are very small.
+            if (first != null && second != null)
+            {
+                Assert.AreNotEqual(first.GetHashCode(), second.GetHashCode());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/FieldCodecTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/FieldCodecTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..390766682
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/FieldCodecTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class FieldCodecTest
+    {
+#pragma warning disable 0414 // Used by tests via reflection - do not remove!
+        private static readonly List<ICodecTestData> Codecs = new List<ICodecTestData>
+        {
+            new FieldCodecTestData<bool>(FieldCodec.ForBool(100), true, "FixedBool"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<string>(FieldCodec.ForString(100), "sample", "String"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<ByteString>(FieldCodec.ForBytes(100), ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3), "Bytes"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<int>(FieldCodec.ForInt32(100), -1000, "Int32"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<int>(FieldCodec.ForSInt32(100), -1000, "SInt32"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<int>(FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(100), -1000, "SFixed32"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<uint>(FieldCodec.ForUInt32(100), 1234, "UInt32"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<uint>(FieldCodec.ForFixed32(100), 1234, "Fixed32"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<long>(FieldCodec.ForInt64(100), -1000, "Int64"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<long>(FieldCodec.ForSInt64(100), -1000, "SInt64"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<long>(FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(100), -1000, "SFixed64"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<ulong>(FieldCodec.ForUInt64(100), 1234, "UInt64"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<ulong>(FieldCodec.ForFixed64(100), 1234, "Fixed64"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<float>(FieldCodec.ForFloat(100), 1234.5f, "FixedFloat"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<double>(FieldCodec.ForDouble(100), 1234567890.5d, "FixedDouble"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<ForeignEnum>(
+                FieldCodec.ForEnum(100, t => (int) t, t => (ForeignEnum) t), ForeignEnum.ForeignBaz, "Enum"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<ForeignMessage>(
+                FieldCodec.ForMessage(100, ForeignMessage.Parser), new ForeignMessage { C = 10 }, "Message"),
+        };
+#pragma warning restore 0414
+
+        [Test, TestCaseSource("Codecs")]
+        public void RoundTripWithTag(ICodecTestData codec)
+        {
+            codec.TestRoundTripWithTag();
+        }
+
+        [Test, TestCaseSource("Codecs")]
+        public void RoundTripRaw(ICodecTestData codec)
+        {
+            codec.TestRoundTripRaw();
+        }
+
+        [Test, TestCaseSource("Codecs")]
+        public void CalculateSize(ICodecTestData codec)
+        {
+            codec.TestCalculateSizeWithTag();
+        }
+
+        [Test, TestCaseSource("Codecs")]
+        public void DefaultValue(ICodecTestData codec)
+        {
+            codec.TestDefaultValue();
+        }
+
+        [Test, TestCaseSource("Codecs")]
+        public void FixedSize(ICodecTestData codec)
+        {
+            codec.TestFixedSize();
+        }
+
+        // This is ugly, but it means we can have a non-generic interface.
+        // It feels like NUnit should support this better, but I don't know
+        // of any better ways right now.
+        public interface ICodecTestData
+        {
+            void TestRoundTripRaw();
+            void TestRoundTripWithTag();
+            void TestCalculateSizeWithTag();
+            void TestDefaultValue();
+            void TestFixedSize();
+        }
+
+        public class FieldCodecTestData<T> : ICodecTestData
+        {
+            private readonly FieldCodec<T> codec;
+            private readonly T sampleValue;
+            private readonly string name;
+
+            public FieldCodecTestData(FieldCodec<T> codec, T sampleValue, string name)
+            {
+                this.codec = codec;
+                this.sampleValue = sampleValue;
+                this.name = name;
+            }
+
+            public void TestRoundTripRaw()
+            {
+                var stream = new MemoryStream();
+                var codedOutput = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+                codec.ValueWriter(codedOutput, sampleValue);
+                codedOutput.Flush();
+                stream.Position = 0;
+                var codedInput = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+                Assert.AreEqual(sampleValue, codec.ValueReader(codedInput));
+                Assert.IsTrue(codedInput.IsAtEnd);
+            }
+
+            public void TestRoundTripWithTag()
+            {
+                var stream = new MemoryStream();
+                var codedOutput = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+                codec.WriteTagAndValue(codedOutput, sampleValue);
+                codedOutput.Flush();
+                stream.Position = 0;
+                var codedInput = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+                codedInput.AssertNextTag(codec.Tag);
+                Assert.AreEqual(sampleValue, codec.Read(codedInput));
+                Assert.IsTrue(codedInput.IsAtEnd);
+            }
+
+            public void TestCalculateSizeWithTag()
+            {
+                var stream = new MemoryStream();
+                var codedOutput = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+                codec.WriteTagAndValue(codedOutput, sampleValue);
+                codedOutput.Flush();
+                Assert.AreEqual(stream.Position, codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(sampleValue));
+            }
+
+            public void TestDefaultValue()
+            {
+                // WriteTagAndValue ignores default values
+                var stream = new MemoryStream();
+                var codedOutput = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+                codec.WriteTagAndValue(codedOutput, codec.DefaultValue);
+                codedOutput.Flush();
+                Assert.AreEqual(0, stream.Position);
+                Assert.AreEqual(0, codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(codec.DefaultValue));
+                if (typeof(T).GetTypeInfo().IsValueType)
+                {
+                    Assert.AreEqual(default(T), codec.DefaultValue);
+                }
+
+                // The plain ValueWriter/ValueReader delegates don't.
+                if (codec.DefaultValue != null) // This part isn't appropriate for message types.
+                {
+                    codedOutput = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+                    codec.ValueWriter(codedOutput, codec.DefaultValue);
+                    codedOutput.Flush();
+                    Assert.AreNotEqual(0, stream.Position);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(stream.Position, codec.ValueSizeCalculator(codec.DefaultValue));
+                    stream.Position = 0;
+                    var codedInput = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(codec.DefaultValue, codec.ValueReader(codedInput));
+                }
+            }
+
+            public void TestFixedSize()
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(name.Contains("Fixed"), codec.FixedSize != 0);
+            }
+
+            public override string ToString()
+            {
+                return name;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/GeneratedMessageTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/GeneratedMessageTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..429c51ff9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/GeneratedMessageTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,725 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tests around the generated TestAllTypes message.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class GeneratedMessageTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void EmptyMessageFieldDistinctFromMissingMessageField()
+        {
+            // This demonstrates what we're really interested in...
+            var message1 = new TestAllTypes { SingleForeignMessage = new ForeignMessage() };
+            var message2 = new TestAllTypes(); // SingleForeignMessage is null
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(message1, message2);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DefaultValues()
+        {
+            // Single fields
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, message.SingleBool);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.SingleBytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0.0, message.SingleDouble);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.SingleFixed32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.SingleFixed64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0.0f, message.SingleFloat);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ForeignEnum.ForeignUnspecified, message.SingleForeignEnum);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.SingleForeignMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ImportEnum.Unspecified, message.SingleImportEnum);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.SingleImportMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.SingleInt32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.SingleInt64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Unspecified, message.SingleNestedEnum);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.SingleNestedMessage);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.SinglePublicImportMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.SingleSfixed32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.SingleSfixed64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.SingleSint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.SingleSint64);
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.SingleString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0U, message.SingleUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0UL, message.SingleUint64);
+
+            // Repeated fields
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedBool.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedBytes.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedDouble.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedFixed32.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedFixed64.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedFloat.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedForeignEnum.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedForeignMessage.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedImportEnum.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedImportMessage.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedNestedEnum.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedNestedMessage.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedPublicImportMessage.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedSfixed32.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedSfixed64.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedSint32.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedSint64.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedString.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedUint32.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedUint64.Count);
+
+            // Oneof fields
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.None, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OneofNestedMessage);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NullStringAndBytesRejected()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.SingleString = null);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.OneofString = null);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.SingleBytes = null);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.OneofBytes = null);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTrip_Empty()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            // Without setting any values, there's nothing to write.
+            byte[] bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, bytes.Length);
+            TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTrip_SingleValues()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                SingleBool = true,
+                SingleBytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4),
+                SingleDouble = 23.5,
+                SingleFixed32 = 23,
+                SingleFixed64 = 1234567890123,
+                SingleFloat = 12.25f,
+                SingleForeignEnum = ForeignEnum.ForeignBar,
+                SingleForeignMessage = new ForeignMessage { C = 10 },
+                SingleImportEnum = ImportEnum.ImportBaz,
+                SingleImportMessage = new ImportMessage { D = 20 },
+                SingleInt32 = 100,
+                SingleInt64 = 3210987654321,
+                SingleNestedEnum = TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo,
+                SingleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 35 },
+                SinglePublicImportMessage = new PublicImportMessage { E = 54 },
+                SingleSfixed32 = -123,
+                SingleSfixed64 = -12345678901234,
+                SingleSint32 = -456,
+                SingleSint64 = -12345678901235,
+                SingleString = "test",
+                SingleUint32 = uint.MaxValue,
+                SingleUint64 = ulong.MaxValue
+            };
+
+            byte[] bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTrip_RepeatedValues()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                RepeatedBool = { true, false },
+                RepeatedBytes = { ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4), ByteString.CopyFrom(5, 6) },
+                RepeatedDouble = { -12.25, 23.5 },
+                RepeatedFixed32 = { uint.MaxValue, 23 },
+                RepeatedFixed64 = { ulong.MaxValue, 1234567890123 },
+                RepeatedFloat = { 100f, 12.25f },
+                RepeatedForeignEnum = { ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo, ForeignEnum.ForeignBar },
+                RepeatedForeignMessage = { new ForeignMessage(), new ForeignMessage { C = 10 } },
+                RepeatedImportEnum = { ImportEnum.ImportBaz, ImportEnum.Unspecified },
+                RepeatedImportMessage = { new ImportMessage { D = 20 }, new ImportMessage { D = 25 } },
+                RepeatedInt32 = { 100, 200 },
+                RepeatedInt64 = { 3210987654321, long.MaxValue },
+                RepeatedNestedEnum = { TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo, TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Neg },
+                RepeatedNestedMessage = { new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 35 }, new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 10 } },
+                RepeatedPublicImportMessage = { new PublicImportMessage { E = 54 }, new PublicImportMessage { E = -1 } },
+                RepeatedSfixed32 = { -123, 123 },
+                RepeatedSfixed64 = { -12345678901234, 12345678901234 },
+                RepeatedSint32 = { -456, 100 },
+                RepeatedSint64 = { -12345678901235, 123 },
+                RepeatedString = { "foo", "bar" },
+                RepeatedUint32 = { uint.MaxValue, uint.MinValue },
+                RepeatedUint64 = { ulong.MaxValue, uint.MinValue }
+            };
+
+            byte[] bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+        }
+
+        // Note that not every map within map_unittest_proto3 is used. They all go through very
+        // similar code paths. The fact that all maps are present is validation that we have codecs
+        // for every type.
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTrip_Maps()
+        {
+            var message = new TestMap
+            {
+                MapBoolBool = {
+                    { false, true },
+                    { true, false }
+                },
+                MapInt32Bytes = {
+                    { 5, ByteString.CopyFrom(6, 7, 8) },
+                    { 25, ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) },
+                    { 10, ByteString.Empty }
+                },
+                MapInt32ForeignMessage = {
+                    { 0, new ForeignMessage { C = 10 } },
+                    { 5, new ForeignMessage() },
+                },
+                MapInt32Enum = {
+                    { 1, MapEnum.Bar },
+                    { 2000, MapEnum.Foo }
+                }
+            };
+
+            byte[] bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            TestMap parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapWithEmptyEntry()
+        {
+            var message = new TestMap
+            {
+                MapInt32Bytes = { { 0, ByteString.Empty } }
+            };
+
+            byte[] bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, bytes.Length); // Tag for field entry (1 byte), length of entry (0; 1 byte)
+
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, parsed.MapInt32Bytes.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, parsed.MapInt32Bytes[0]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapWithOnlyValue()
+        {
+            // Hand-craft the stream to contain a single entry with just a value.
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream);
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32ForeignMessageFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var nestedMessage = new ForeignMessage { C = 20 };
+            // Size of the entry (tag, size written by WriteMessage, data written by WriteMessage)
+            output.WriteLength(2 + nestedMessage.CalculateSize());
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteMessage(nestedMessage);
+            output.Flush();
+
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(memoryStream.ToArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(nestedMessage, parsed.MapInt32ForeignMessage[0]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapWithOnlyKey_PrimitiveValue()
+        {
+            // Hand-craft the stream to contain a single entry with just a key.
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream);
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32DoubleFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            int key = 10;
+            output.WriteLength(1 + CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(key));
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key);
+            output.Flush();
+
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(memoryStream.ToArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(0.0, parsed.MapInt32Double[key]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapWithOnlyKey_MessageValue()
+        {
+            // Hand-craft the stream to contain a single entry with just a key.
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream);
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32ForeignMessageFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            int key = 10;
+            output.WriteLength(1 + CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(key));
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key);
+            output.Flush();
+
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(memoryStream.ToArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(new ForeignMessage(), parsed.MapInt32ForeignMessage[key]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapIgnoresExtraFieldsWithinEntryMessages()
+        {
+            // Hand-craft the stream to contain a single entry with three fields
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream);
+
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32Int32FieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+
+            var key = 10; // Field 1 
+            var value = 20; // Field 2
+            var extra = 30; // Field 3
+
+            // Each field can be represented in a single byte, with a single byte tag.
+            // Total message size: 6 bytes.
+            output.WriteLength(6);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(value);
+            output.WriteTag(3, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(extra);
+            output.Flush();
+
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(memoryStream.ToArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, parsed.MapInt32Int32[key]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapFieldOrderIsIrrelevant()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream);
+
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32Int32FieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+
+            var key = 10;
+            var value = 20;
+
+            // Each field can be represented in a single byte, with a single byte tag.
+            // Total message size: 4 bytes.
+            output.WriteLength(4);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(value);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key);
+            output.Flush();
+
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(memoryStream.ToArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, parsed.MapInt32Int32[key]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapNonContiguousEntries()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream);
+
+            // Message structure:
+            // Entry for MapInt32Int32
+            // Entry for MapStringString
+            // Entry for MapInt32Int32
+
+            // First entry
+            var key1 = 10;
+            var value1 = 20;
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32Int32FieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteLength(4);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key1);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(value1);
+
+            // Second entry
+            var key2 = "a";
+            var value2 = "b";
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapStringStringFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteLength(6); // 3 bytes per entry: tag, size, character
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteString(key2);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteString(value2);
+
+            // Third entry
+            var key3 = 15;
+            var value3 = 25;
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32Int32FieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteLength(4);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key3);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(value3);
+
+            output.Flush();
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(memoryStream.ToArray());
+            var expected = new TestMap
+            {
+                MapInt32Int32 = { { key1, value1 }, { key3, value3 } },
+                MapStringString = { { key2, value2 } }
+            };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DuplicateKeys_LastEntryWins()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream);
+
+            var key = 10;
+            var value1 = 20;
+            var value2 = 30;
+
+            // First entry
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32Int32FieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteLength(4);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(value1);
+
+            // Second entry - same key, different value
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32Int32FieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteLength(4);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(value2);
+            output.Flush();
+
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(memoryStream.ToArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(value2, parsed.MapInt32Int32[key]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CloneSingleNonMessageValues()
+        {
+            var original = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                SingleBool = true,
+                SingleBytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4),
+                SingleDouble = 23.5,
+                SingleFixed32 = 23,
+                SingleFixed64 = 1234567890123,
+                SingleFloat = 12.25f,
+                SingleInt32 = 100,
+                SingleInt64 = 3210987654321,
+                SingleNestedEnum = TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo,
+                SingleSfixed32 = -123,
+                SingleSfixed64 = -12345678901234,
+                SingleSint32 = -456,
+                SingleSint64 = -12345678901235,
+                SingleString = "test",
+                SingleUint32 = uint.MaxValue,
+                SingleUint64 = ulong.MaxValue
+            };
+            var clone = original.Clone();
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original, clone);
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, clone);
+            // Just as a single example
+            clone.SingleInt32 = 150;
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(original, clone);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CloneRepeatedNonMessageValues()
+        {
+            var original = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                RepeatedBool = { true, false },
+                RepeatedBytes = { ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4), ByteString.CopyFrom(5, 6) },
+                RepeatedDouble = { -12.25, 23.5 },
+                RepeatedFixed32 = { uint.MaxValue, 23 },
+                RepeatedFixed64 = { ulong.MaxValue, 1234567890123 },
+                RepeatedFloat = { 100f, 12.25f },
+                RepeatedInt32 = { 100, 200 },
+                RepeatedInt64 = { 3210987654321, long.MaxValue },
+                RepeatedNestedEnum = { TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo, TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Neg },
+                RepeatedSfixed32 = { -123, 123 },
+                RepeatedSfixed64 = { -12345678901234, 12345678901234 },
+                RepeatedSint32 = { -456, 100 },
+                RepeatedSint64 = { -12345678901235, 123 },
+                RepeatedString = { "foo", "bar" },
+                RepeatedUint32 = { uint.MaxValue, uint.MinValue },
+                RepeatedUint64 = { ulong.MaxValue, uint.MinValue }
+            };
+
+            var clone = original.Clone();
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original, clone);
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, clone);
+            // Just as a single example
+            clone.RepeatedDouble.Add(25.5);
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(original, clone);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CloneSingleMessageField()
+        {
+            var original = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                SingleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 20 }
+            };
+
+            var clone = original.Clone();
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original, clone);
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original.SingleNestedMessage, clone.SingleNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, clone);
+
+            clone.SingleNestedMessage.Bb = 30;
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(original, clone);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CloneRepeatedMessageField()
+        {
+            var original = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                RepeatedNestedMessage = { new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 20 } }
+            };
+
+            var clone = original.Clone();
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original, clone);
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original.RepeatedNestedMessage, clone.RepeatedNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original.RepeatedNestedMessage[0], clone.RepeatedNestedMessage[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, clone);
+
+            clone.RepeatedNestedMessage[0].Bb = 30;
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(original, clone);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CloneOneofField()
+        {
+            var original = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                OneofNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 20 }
+            };
+
+            var clone = original.Clone();
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original, clone);
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, clone);
+
+            // We should have cloned the message
+            original.OneofNestedMessage.Bb = 30;
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(original, clone);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OneofProperties()
+        {
+            // Switch the oneof case between each of the different options, and check everything behaves
+            // as expected in each case.
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OneofNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.None, message.OneofFieldCase);
+
+            message.OneofString = "sample";
+            Assert.AreEqual("sample", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OneofNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString, message.OneofFieldCase);
+
+            var bytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3);
+            message.OneofBytes = bytes;
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(bytes, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OneofNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes, message.OneofFieldCase);
+
+            message.OneofUint32 = 20;
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(20, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OneofNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32, message.OneofFieldCase);
+
+            var nestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 25 };
+            message.OneofNestedMessage = nestedMessage;
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(nestedMessage, message.OneofNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage, message.OneofFieldCase);
+
+            message.ClearOneofField();
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OneofNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.None, message.OneofFieldCase);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Oneof_DefaultValuesNotEqual()
+        {
+            var message1 = new TestAllTypes { OneofString = "" };
+            var message2 = new TestAllTypes { OneofUint32 = 0 };
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString, message1.OneofFieldCase);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32, message2.OneofFieldCase);
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(message1, message2);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OneofSerialization_NonDefaultValue()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            message.OneofString = "this would take a bit of space";
+            message.OneofUint32 = 10;
+            var bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, bytes.Length); // 2 bytes for the tag + 1 for the value - no string!
+
+            var message2 = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, message2);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32, message2.OneofFieldCase);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OneofSerialization_DefaultValue()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            message.OneofString = "this would take a bit of space";
+            message.OneofUint32 = 0; // This is the default value for UInt32; normally wouldn't be serialized
+            var bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, bytes.Length); // 2 bytes for the tag + 1 for the value - it's still serialized
+
+            var message2 = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, message2);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32, message2.OneofFieldCase);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DiscardUnknownFields_RealDataStillRead()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            var unusedFieldNumber = 23456;
+            Assert.IsFalse(TestAllTypes.Descriptor.Fields.InDeclarationOrder().Select(x => x.FieldNumber).Contains(unusedFieldNumber));
+            output.WriteTag(unusedFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteString("ignore me");
+            message.WriteTo(output);
+            output.Flush();
+
+            stream.Position = 0;
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(stream);
+	    // TODO(jieluo): Add test back after DiscardUnknownFields is supported
+            // Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DiscardUnknownFields_AllTypes()
+        {
+            // Simple way of ensuring we can skip all kinds of fields.
+            var data = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes().ToByteArray();
+            var empty = Empty.Parser.ParseFrom(data);
+	    // TODO(jieluo): Add test back after DiscardUnknownField is supported.
+            // Assert.AreEqual(new Empty(), empty);
+        }
+
+        // This was originally seen as a conformance test failure.
+        [Test]
+        public void TruncatedMessageFieldThrows()
+        {
+            // 130, 3 is the message tag
+            // 1 is the data length - but there's no data.
+            var data = new byte[] { 130, 3, 1 };
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(data));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Demonstrates current behaviour with an extraneous end group tag - see issue 688
+        /// for details; we may want to change this.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void ExtraEndGroupThrows()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+
+            output.WriteTag(TestAllTypes.SingleFixed32FieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32);
+            output.WriteFixed32(123);
+            output.WriteTag(100, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+
+            output.Flush();
+
+            stream.Position = 0;
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(stream));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CustomDiagnosticMessage_DirectToStringCall()
+        {
+            var message = new ForeignMessage { C = 31 };
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"c\": 31, \"@cInHex\": \"1f\" }", message.ToString());
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"c\": 31 }", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CustomDiagnosticMessage_Nested()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleForeignMessage = new ForeignMessage { C = 16 } };
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"singleForeignMessage\": { \"c\": 16, \"@cInHex\": \"10\" } }", message.ToString());
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"singleForeignMessage\": { \"c\": 16 } }", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CustomDiagnosticMessage_DirectToTextWriterCall()
+        {
+            var message = new ForeignMessage { C = 31 };
+            var writer = new StringWriter();
+            JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message, writer);
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"c\": 31 }", writer.ToString());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9b1e86eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFrameworks>net451;netcoreapp2.1</TargetFrameworks>
+    <AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>../../keys/Google.Protobuf.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
+    <SignAssembly>true</SignAssembly>
+    <PublicSign Condition=" '$(OS)' != 'Windows_NT' ">true</PublicSign>
+    <IsPackable>False</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Google.Protobuf\Google.Protobuf.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.6.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnitLite" Version="3.6.1" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <!-- Needed for the net45 build to work on Unix. See https://github.com/dotnet/designs/pull/33 -->
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NETFramework.ReferenceAssemblies" Version="1.0.0-preview.2" PrivateAssets="All" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/IssuesTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/IssuesTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a38d6b08b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/IssuesTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tests for issues which aren't easily compartmentalized into other unit tests.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class IssuesTest
+    {
+        // Issue 45
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldCalledItem()
+        {
+            ItemField message = new ItemField { Item = 3 };
+            FieldDescriptor field = ItemField.Descriptor.FindFieldByName("item");
+            Assert.NotNull(field);
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, (int)field.Accessor.GetValue(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReservedNames()
+        {
+            var message = new ReservedNames { Types_ = 10, Descriptor_ = 20 };
+            // Underscores aren't reflected in the JSON.
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"types\": 10, \"descriptor\": 20 }", message.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void JsonNameParseTest()
+        {
+            var settings = new JsonParser.Settings(10, TypeRegistry.FromFiles(UnittestIssuesReflection.Descriptor));
+            var parser = new JsonParser(settings);
+
+            // It is safe to use either original field name or explicitly specified json_name
+            Assert.AreEqual(new TestJsonName { Name = "test", Description = "test2", Guid = "test3" },
+                parser.Parse<TestJsonName>("{ \"name\": \"test\", \"desc\": \"test2\", \"guid\": \"test3\" }"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void JsonNameFormatTest()
+        {
+            var message = new TestJsonName { Name = "test", Description = "test2", Guid = "test3" };
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"name\": \"test\", \"desc\": \"test2\", \"exid\": \"test3\" }",
+                JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonParserTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonParserTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f595455aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonParserTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,939 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Unit tests for JSON parsing.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class JsonParserTest
+    {
+        // Sanity smoke test
+        [Test]
+        public void AllTypesRoundtrip()
+        {
+            AssertRoundtrip(SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Maps()
+        {
+            AssertRoundtrip(new TestMap { MapStringString = { { "with spaces", "bar" }, { "a", "b" } } });
+            AssertRoundtrip(new TestMap { MapInt32Int32 = { { 0, 1 }, { 2, 3 } } });
+            AssertRoundtrip(new TestMap { MapBoolBool = { { false, true }, { true, false } } });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(" 1 ")]
+        [TestCase("+1")]
+        [TestCase("1,000")]
+        [TestCase("1.5")]
+        public void IntegerMapKeysAreStrict(string keyText)
+        {
+            // Test that integer parsing is strict. We assume that if this is correct for int32,
+            // it's correct for other numeric key types.
+            var json = "{ \"mapInt32Int32\": { \"" + keyText + "\" : \"1\" } }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => JsonParser.Default.Parse<TestMap>(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OriginalFieldNameAccepted()
+        {
+            var json = "{ \"single_int32\": 10 }";
+            var expected = new TestAllTypes { SingleInt32 = 10 };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SourceContextRoundtrip()
+        {
+            AssertRoundtrip(new SourceContext { FileName = "foo.proto" });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SingularWrappers_DefaultNonNullValues()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                StringField = "",
+                BytesField = ByteString.Empty,
+                BoolField = false,
+                FloatField = 0f,
+                DoubleField = 0d,
+                Int32Field = 0,
+                Int64Field = 0,
+                Uint32Field = 0,
+                Uint64Field = 0
+            };
+            AssertRoundtrip(message);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SingularWrappers_NonDefaultValues()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                StringField = "x",
+                BytesField = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3),
+                BoolField = true,
+                FloatField = 12.5f,
+                DoubleField = 12.25d,
+                Int32Field = 1,
+                Int64Field = 2,
+                Uint32Field = 3,
+                Uint64Field = 4
+            };
+            AssertRoundtrip(message);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SingularWrappers_ExplicitNulls()
+        {
+            // When we parse the "valueField": null part, we remember it... basically, it's one case
+            // where explicit default values don't fully roundtrip.
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { ValueField = Value.ForNull() };
+            var json = new JsonFormatter(new JsonFormatter.Settings(true)).Format(message);
+            var parsed = JsonParser.Default.Parse<TestWellKnownTypes>(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(BoolValue), "true", true)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(Int32Value), "32", 32)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(Int64Value), "32", 32L)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(Int64Value), "\"32\"", 32L)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(UInt32Value), "32", 32U)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(UInt64Value), "\"32\"", 32UL)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(UInt64Value), "32", 32UL)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(StringValue), "\"foo\"", "foo")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(FloatValue), "1.5", 1.5f)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(DoubleValue), "1.5", 1.5d)]
+        public void Wrappers_Standalone(System.Type wrapperType, string json, object expectedValue)
+        {
+            IMessage parsed = (IMessage)Activator.CreateInstance(wrapperType);
+            IMessage expected = (IMessage)Activator.CreateInstance(wrapperType);
+            JsonParser.Default.Merge(parsed, "null");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, parsed);
+
+            JsonParser.Default.Merge(parsed, json);
+            expected.Descriptor.Fields[WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(expected, expectedValue);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ExplicitNullValue()
+        {
+            string json = "{\"valueField\": null}";
+            var message = JsonParser.Default.Parse<TestWellKnownTypes>(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(new TestWellKnownTypes { ValueField = Value.ForNull() }, message);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void BytesWrapper_Standalone()
+        {
+            ByteString data = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3);
+            // Can't do this with attributes...
+            var parsed = JsonParser.Default.Parse<BytesValue>(WrapInQuotes(data.ToBase64()));
+            var expected = new BytesValue { Value = data };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RepeatedWrappers()
+        {
+            var message = new RepeatedWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                BoolField = { true, false },
+                BytesField = { ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3), ByteString.CopyFrom(4, 5, 6), ByteString.Empty },
+                DoubleField = { 12.5, -1.5, 0d },
+                FloatField = { 123.25f, -20f, 0f },
+                Int32Field = { int.MaxValue, int.MinValue, 0 },
+                Int64Field = { long.MaxValue, long.MinValue, 0L },
+                StringField = { "First", "Second", "" },
+                Uint32Field = { uint.MaxValue, uint.MinValue, 0U },
+                Uint64Field = { ulong.MaxValue, ulong.MinValue, 0UL },
+            };
+            AssertRoundtrip(message);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RepeatedField_NullElementProhibited()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"repeated_foreign_message\": [null] }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RepeatedField_NullOverallValueAllowed()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"repeated_foreign_message\": null }";
+            Assert.AreEqual(new TestAllTypes(), TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("{ \"mapInt32Int32\": { \"10\": null }")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"mapStringString\": { \"abc\": null }")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"mapInt32ForeignMessage\": { \"10\": null }")]
+        public void MapField_NullValueProhibited(string json)
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestMap.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapField_NullOverallValueAllowed()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"mapInt32Int32\": null }";
+            Assert.AreEqual(new TestMap(), TestMap.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IndividualWrapperTypes()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new StringValue { Value = "foo" }, StringValue.Parser.ParseJson("\"foo\""));
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Int32Value { Value = 1 }, Int32Value.Parser.ParseJson("1"));
+            // Can parse strings directly too
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Int32Value { Value = 1 }, Int32Value.Parser.ParseJson("\"1\""));
+        }
+
+        private static void AssertRoundtrip<T>(T message) where T : IMessage<T>, new()
+        {
+            var clone = message.Clone();
+            var json = JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message);
+            var parsed = JsonParser.Default.Parse<T>(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(clone, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0)]
+        [TestCase("-0", 0)] // Not entirely clear whether we intend to allow this...
+        [TestCase("1", 1)]
+        [TestCase("-1", -1)]
+        [TestCase("2147483647", 2147483647)]
+        [TestCase("-2147483648", -2147483648)]
+        public void StringToInt32_Valid(string jsonValue, int expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt32\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleInt32);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("+0")]
+        [TestCase(" 1")]
+        [TestCase("1 ")]
+        [TestCase("00")]
+        [TestCase("-00")]
+        [TestCase("--1")]
+        [TestCase("+1")]
+        [TestCase("1.5")]
+        [TestCase("1e10")]
+        [TestCase("2147483648")]
+        [TestCase("-2147483649")]
+        public void StringToInt32_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt32\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0U)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1U)]
+        [TestCase("4294967295", 4294967295U)]
+        public void StringToUInt32_Valid(string jsonValue, uint expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint32\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleUint32);
+        }
+
+        // Assume that anything non-bounds-related is covered in the Int32 case
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("-1")]
+        [TestCase("4294967296")]
+        public void StringToUInt32_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint32\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0L)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1L)]
+        [TestCase("-1", -1L)]
+        [TestCase("9223372036854775807", 9223372036854775807)]
+        [TestCase("-9223372036854775808", -9223372036854775808)]
+        public void StringToInt64_Valid(string jsonValue, long expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt64\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleInt64);
+        }
+
+        // Assume that anything non-bounds-related is covered in the Int32 case
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("-9223372036854775809")]
+        [TestCase("9223372036854775808")]
+        public void StringToInt64_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt64\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0UL)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1UL)]
+        [TestCase("18446744073709551615", 18446744073709551615)]
+        public void StringToUInt64_Valid(string jsonValue, ulong expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint64\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleUint64);
+        }
+
+        // Assume that anything non-bounds-related is covered in the Int32 case
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("-1")]
+        [TestCase("18446744073709551616")]
+        public void StringToUInt64_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint64\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0d)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1d)]
+        [TestCase("1.000000", 1d)]
+        [TestCase("1.0000000000000000000000001", 1d)] // We don't notice that we haven't preserved the exact value
+        [TestCase("-1", -1d)]
+        [TestCase("1e1", 10d)]
+        [TestCase("1e01", 10d)] // Leading decimals are allowed in exponents
+        [TestCase("1E1", 10d)] // Either case is fine
+        [TestCase("-1e1", -10d)]
+        [TestCase("1.5e1", 15d)]
+        [TestCase("-1.5e1", -15d)]
+        [TestCase("15e-1", 1.5d)]
+        [TestCase("-15e-1", -1.5d)]
+        [TestCase("1.79769e308", 1.79769e308)]
+        [TestCase("-1.79769e308", -1.79769e308)]
+        [TestCase("Infinity", double.PositiveInfinity)]
+        [TestCase("-Infinity", double.NegativeInfinity)]
+        [TestCase("NaN", double.NaN)]
+        public void StringToDouble_Valid(string jsonValue, double expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleDouble\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleDouble);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("1.7977e308")]
+        [TestCase("-1.7977e308")]
+        [TestCase("1e309")]
+        [TestCase("1,0")]
+        [TestCase("1.0.0")]
+        [TestCase("+1")]
+        [TestCase("00")]
+        [TestCase("01")]
+        [TestCase("-00")]
+        [TestCase("-01")]
+        [TestCase("--1")]
+        [TestCase(" Infinity")]
+        [TestCase(" -Infinity")]
+        [TestCase("NaN ")]
+        [TestCase("Infinity ")]
+        [TestCase("-Infinity ")]
+        [TestCase(" NaN")]
+        [TestCase("INFINITY")]
+        [TestCase("nan")]
+        [TestCase("\u00BD")] // 1/2 as a single Unicode character. Just sanity checking...
+        public void StringToDouble_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleDouble\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0f)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1f)]
+        [TestCase("1.000000", 1f)]
+        [TestCase("-1", -1f)]
+        [TestCase("3.402823e38", 3.402823e38f)]
+        [TestCase("-3.402823e38", -3.402823e38f)]
+        [TestCase("1.5e1", 15f)]
+        [TestCase("15e-1", 1.5f)]
+        public void StringToFloat_Valid(string jsonValue, float expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleFloat\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleFloat);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("3.402824e38")]
+        [TestCase("-3.402824e38")]
+        [TestCase("1,0")]
+        [TestCase("1.0.0")]
+        [TestCase("+1")]
+        [TestCase("00")]
+        [TestCase("--1")]
+        public void StringToFloat_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleFloat\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0)]
+        [TestCase("-0", 0)] // Not entirely clear whether we intend to allow this...
+        [TestCase("1", 1)]
+        [TestCase("-1", -1)]
+        [TestCase("2147483647", 2147483647)]
+        [TestCase("-2147483648", -2147483648)]
+        [TestCase("1e1", 10)]
+        [TestCase("-1e1", -10)]
+        [TestCase("10.00", 10)]
+        [TestCase("-10.00", -10)]
+        public void NumberToInt32_Valid(string jsonValue, int expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt32\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleInt32);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("+0", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("00", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("-00", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("--1", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("+1", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("1.5", typeof(InvalidProtocolBufferException))]
+        // Value is out of range
+        [TestCase("1e10", typeof(InvalidProtocolBufferException))]
+        [TestCase("2147483648", typeof(InvalidProtocolBufferException))]
+        [TestCase("-2147483649", typeof(InvalidProtocolBufferException))]
+        public void NumberToInt32_Invalid(string jsonValue, System.Type expectedExceptionType)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt32\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            Assert.Throws(expectedExceptionType, () => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0U)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1U)]
+        [TestCase("4294967295", 4294967295U)]
+        public void NumberToUInt32_Valid(string jsonValue, uint expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint32\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleUint32);
+        }
+
+        // Assume that anything non-bounds-related is covered in the Int32 case
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("-1")]
+        [TestCase("4294967296")]
+        public void NumberToUInt32_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint32\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0L)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1L)]
+        [TestCase("-1", -1L)]
+        // long.MaxValue isn't actually representable as a double. This string value is the highest
+        // representable value which isn't greater than long.MaxValue.
+        [TestCase("9223372036854774784", 9223372036854774784)]
+        [TestCase("-9223372036854775808", -9223372036854775808)]
+        public void NumberToInt64_Valid(string jsonValue, long expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt64\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleInt64);
+        }
+
+        // Assume that anything non-bounds-related is covered in the Int32 case
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("9223372036854775808")]
+        // Theoretical bound would be -9223372036854775809, but when that is parsed to a double
+        // we end up with the exact value of long.MinValue due to lack of precision. The value here
+        // is the "next double down".
+        [TestCase("-9223372036854780000")]
+        public void NumberToInt64_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt64\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0UL)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1UL)]
+        // ulong.MaxValue isn't representable as a double. This value is the largest double within
+        // the range of ulong.
+        [TestCase("18446744073709549568", 18446744073709549568UL)]
+        public void NumberToUInt64_Valid(string jsonValue, ulong expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint64\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleUint64);
+        }
+
+        // Assume that anything non-bounds-related is covered in the Int32 case
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("-1")]
+        [TestCase("18446744073709551616")]
+        public void NumberToUInt64_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint64\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0d)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1d)]
+        [TestCase("1.000000", 1d)]
+        [TestCase("1.0000000000000000000000001", 1d)] // We don't notice that we haven't preserved the exact value
+        [TestCase("-1", -1d)]
+        [TestCase("1e1", 10d)]
+        [TestCase("1e01", 10d)] // Leading decimals are allowed in exponents
+        [TestCase("1E1", 10d)] // Either case is fine
+        [TestCase("-1e1", -10d)]
+        [TestCase("1.5e1", 15d)]
+        [TestCase("-1.5e1", -15d)]
+        [TestCase("15e-1", 1.5d)]
+        [TestCase("-15e-1", -1.5d)]
+        [TestCase("1.79769e308", 1.79769e308)]
+        [TestCase("-1.79769e308", -1.79769e308)]
+        public void NumberToDouble_Valid(string jsonValue, double expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleDouble\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleDouble);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("1.7977e308")]
+        [TestCase("-1.7977e308")]
+        [TestCase("1e309")]
+        [TestCase("1,0")]
+        [TestCase("1.0.0")]
+        [TestCase("+1")]
+        [TestCase("00")]
+        [TestCase("--1")]
+        [TestCase("\u00BD")] // 1/2 as a single Unicode character. Just sanity checking...
+        public void NumberToDouble_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleDouble\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidJsonException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0f)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1f)]
+        [TestCase("1.000000", 1f)]
+        [TestCase("-1", -1f)]
+        [TestCase("3.402823e38", 3.402823e38f)]
+        [TestCase("-3.402823e38", -3.402823e38f)]
+        [TestCase("1.5e1", 15f)]
+        [TestCase("15e-1", 1.5f)]
+        public void NumberToFloat_Valid(string jsonValue, float expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleFloat\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleFloat);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("3.402824e38", typeof(InvalidProtocolBufferException))]
+        [TestCase("-3.402824e38", typeof(InvalidProtocolBufferException))]
+        [TestCase("1,0", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("1.0.0", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("+1", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("00", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("--1", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        public void NumberToFloat_Invalid(string jsonValue, System.Type expectedExceptionType)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleFloat\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            Assert.Throws(expectedExceptionType, () => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        // The simplest way of testing that the value has parsed correctly is to reformat it,
+        // as we trust the formatting. In many cases that will give the same result as the input,
+        // so in those cases we accept an expectedFormatted value of null. Sometimes the results
+        // will be different though, due to a different number of digits being provided.
+        [Test]
+        // Z offset
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z", null)]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456Z", null)]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123Z", null)]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23Z", null)]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456000Z", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.1234560Z", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123000000Z", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.1230Z", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.00Z", "2015-10-09T14:46:23Z")]
+
+        // +00:00 offset
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456000+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.1234560+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123000000+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.1230+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.00+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23Z")]
+
+        // Other offsets (assume by now that the subsecond handling is okay)
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T15:46:23.123456789+01:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T13:46:23.123456789-01:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T15:16:23.123456789+00:30", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:16:23.123456789-00:30", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T16:31:23.123456789+01:45", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T13:01:23.123456789-01:45", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-10T08:46:23.123456789+18:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-08T20:46:23.123456789-18:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+
+        // Leap years and min/max
+        [TestCase("2016-02-29T14:46:23.123456789Z", null)]
+        [TestCase("2000-02-29T14:46:23.123456789Z", null)]
+        [TestCase("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", null)]
+        [TestCase("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", null)]
+        public void Timestamp_Valid(string jsonValue, string expectedFormatted)
+        {
+            expectedFormatted = expectedFormatted ?? jsonValue;
+            string json = WrapInQuotes(jsonValue);
+            var parsed = Timestamp.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(WrapInQuotes(expectedFormatted), parsed.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09 14:46:23.123456789Z", Description = "No T between date and time")]
+        [TestCase("2015/10/09T14:46:23.123456789Z", Description = "Wrong date separators")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14.46.23.123456789Z", Description = "Wrong time separators")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23,123456789Z", Description = "Wrong fractional second separators (valid ISO-8601 though)")]
+        [TestCase(" 2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z", Description = "Whitespace at start")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z ", Description = "Whitespace at end")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.1234567890", Description = "Too many digits")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789", Description = "No offset")]
+        [TestCase("2015-13-09T14:46:23.123456789Z", Description = "Invalid month")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-32T14:46:23.123456789Z", Description = "Invalid day")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T24:00:00.000000000Z", Description = "Invalid hour (valid ISO-8601 though)")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:60:23.123456789Z", Description = "Invalid minutes")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:60.123456789Z", Description = "Invalid seconds")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789+18:01", Description = "Offset too large (positive)")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789-18:01", Description = "Offset too large (negative)")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789-00:00", Description = "Local offset (-00:00) makes no sense here")]
+        [TestCase("0001-01-01T00:00:00+00:01", Description = "Value before earliest when offset applied")]
+        [TestCase("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999-00:01", Description = "Value after latest when offset applied")]
+        [TestCase("2100-02-29T14:46:23.123456789Z", Description = "Feb 29th on a non-leap-year")]
+        public void Timestamp_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = WrapInQuotes(jsonValue);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => Timestamp.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void StructValue_Null()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Value { NullValue = 0 }, Value.Parser.ParseJson("null"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void StructValue_String()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Value { StringValue = "hi" }, Value.Parser.ParseJson("\"hi\""));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void StructValue_Bool()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Value { BoolValue = true }, Value.Parser.ParseJson("true"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Value { BoolValue = false }, Value.Parser.ParseJson("false"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void StructValue_List()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(Value.ForList(Value.ForNumber(1), Value.ForString("x")), Value.Parser.ParseJson("[1, \"x\"]"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ParseListValue()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new ListValue { Values = { Value.ForNumber(1), Value.ForString("x") } }, ListValue.Parser.ParseJson("[1, \"x\"]"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void StructValue_Struct()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(
+                Value.ForStruct(new Struct { Fields = { { "x", Value.ForNumber(1) }, { "y", Value.ForString("z") } } }),
+                Value.Parser.ParseJson("{ \"x\": 1, \"y\": \"z\" }"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ParseStruct()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Struct { Fields = { { "x", Value.ForNumber(1) }, { "y", Value.ForString("z") } } },
+                Struct.Parser.ParseJson("{ \"x\": 1, \"y\": \"z\" }"));
+        }
+
+        // TODO for duration parsing: upper and lower bounds.
+        // +/- 315576000000 seconds
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("1.123456789s", null)]
+        [TestCase("1.123456s", null)]
+        [TestCase("1.123s", null)]
+        [TestCase("1.12300s", "1.123s")]
+        [TestCase("1.12345s", "1.123450s")]
+        [TestCase("1s", null)]
+        [TestCase("-1.123456789s", null)]
+        [TestCase("-1.123456s", null)]
+        [TestCase("-1.123s", null)]
+        [TestCase("-1s", null)]
+        [TestCase("0.123s", null)]
+        [TestCase("-0.123s", null)]
+        [TestCase("123456.123s", null)]
+        [TestCase("-123456.123s", null)]
+        // Upper and lower bounds
+        [TestCase("315576000000s", null)]
+        [TestCase("-315576000000s", null)]
+        public void Duration_Valid(string jsonValue, string expectedFormatted)
+        {
+            expectedFormatted = expectedFormatted ?? jsonValue;
+            string json = WrapInQuotes(jsonValue);
+            var parsed = Duration.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(WrapInQuotes(expectedFormatted), parsed.ToString());
+        }
+
+        // The simplest way of testing that the value has parsed correctly is to reformat it,
+        // as we trust the formatting. In many cases that will give the same result as the input,
+        // so in those cases we accept an expectedFormatted value of null. Sometimes the results
+        // will be different though, due to a different number of digits being provided.
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("1.1234567890s", Description = "Too many digits")]
+        [TestCase("1.123456789", Description = "No suffix")]
+        [TestCase("1.123456789ss", Description = "Too much suffix")]
+        [TestCase("1.123456789S", Description = "Upper case suffix")]
+        [TestCase("+1.123456789s", Description = "Leading +")]
+        [TestCase(".123456789s", Description = "No integer before the fraction")]
+        [TestCase("1,123456789s", Description = "Comma as decimal separator")]
+        [TestCase("1x1.123456789s", Description = "Non-digit in integer part")]
+        [TestCase("1.1x3456789s", Description = "Non-digit in fractional part")]
+        [TestCase(" 1.123456789s", Description = "Whitespace before fraction")]
+        [TestCase("1.123456789s ", Description = "Whitespace after value")]
+        [TestCase("01.123456789s", Description = "Leading zero (positive)")]
+        [TestCase("-01.123456789s", Description = "Leading zero (negative)")]
+        [TestCase("--0.123456789s", Description = "Double minus sign")]
+        // Violate upper/lower bounds in various ways
+        [TestCase("315576000001s", Description = "Integer part too large")]
+        [TestCase("3155760000000s", Description = "Integer part too long (positive)")]
+        [TestCase("-3155760000000s", Description = "Integer part too long (negative)")]
+        public void Duration_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = WrapInQuotes(jsonValue);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => Duration.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        // Not as many tests for field masks as I'd like; more to be added when we have more
+        // detailed specifications.
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("")]
+        [TestCase("foo", "foo")]
+        [TestCase("foo,bar", "foo", "bar")]
+        [TestCase("foo.bar", "foo.bar")]
+        [TestCase("fooBar", "foo_bar")]
+        [TestCase("fooBar.bazQux", "foo_bar.baz_qux")]
+        public void FieldMask_Valid(string jsonValue, params string[] expectedPaths)
+        {
+            string json = WrapInQuotes(jsonValue);
+            var parsed = FieldMask.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expectedPaths, parsed.Paths);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("foo_bar")]
+        public void FieldMask_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = WrapInQuotes(jsonValue);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => FieldMask.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Any_RegularMessage()
+        {
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestAllTypes.Descriptor);
+            var formatter = new JsonFormatter(new JsonFormatter.Settings(false, TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestAllTypes.Descriptor)));
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleInt32 = 10, SingleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 20 } };
+            var original = Any.Pack(message);
+            var json = formatter.Format(original); // This is tested in JsonFormatterTest
+            var parser = new JsonParser(new JsonParser.Settings(10, registry));
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, parser.Parse<Any>(json));
+            string valueFirstJson = "{ \"singleInt32\": 10, \"singleNestedMessage\": { \"bb\": 20 }, \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes\" }";
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, parser.Parse<Any>(valueFirstJson));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Any_CustomPrefix()
+        {
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestAllTypes.Descriptor);
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleInt32 = 10 };
+            var original = Any.Pack(message, "custom.prefix/middle-part");
+            var parser = new JsonParser(new JsonParser.Settings(10, registry));
+            string json = "{ \"@type\": \"custom.prefix/middle-part/protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes\", \"singleInt32\": 10 }";
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, parser.Parse<Any>(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Any_UnknownType()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/bogus\" }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => Any.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Any_NoTypeUrl()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"foo\": \"bar\" }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => Any.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Any_WellKnownType()
+        {
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromMessages(Timestamp.Descriptor);
+            var formatter = new JsonFormatter(new JsonFormatter.Settings(false, registry));
+            var timestamp = new DateTime(1673, 6, 19, 12, 34, 56, DateTimeKind.Utc).ToTimestamp();
+            var original = Any.Pack(timestamp);
+            var json = formatter.Format(original); // This is tested in JsonFormatterTest
+            var parser = new JsonParser(new JsonParser.Settings(10, registry));
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, parser.Parse<Any>(json));
+            string valueFirstJson = "{ \"value\": \"1673-06-19T12:34:56Z\", \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp\" }";
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, parser.Parse<Any>(valueFirstJson));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Any_Nested()
+        {
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestWellKnownTypes.Descriptor, TestAllTypes.Descriptor);
+            var formatter = new JsonFormatter(new JsonFormatter.Settings(false, registry));
+            var parser = new JsonParser(new JsonParser.Settings(10, registry));
+            var doubleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes { SingleInt32 = 20 };
+            var nestedMessage = Any.Pack(doubleNestedMessage);
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { AnyField = Any.Pack(nestedMessage) };
+            var json = formatter.Format(message);
+            // Use the descriptor-based parser just for a change.
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parser.Parse(json, TestWellKnownTypes.Descriptor));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DataAfterObject()
+        {
+            string json = "{} 10";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidJsonException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// JSON equivalent to <see cref="CodedInputStreamTest.MaliciousRecursion"/>
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void MaliciousRecursion()
+        {
+            string data64 = CodedInputStreamTest.MakeRecursiveMessage(64).ToString();
+            string data65 = CodedInputStreamTest.MakeRecursiveMessage(65).ToString();
+
+            var parser64 = new JsonParser(new JsonParser.Settings(64));
+            CodedInputStreamTest.AssertMessageDepth(parser64.Parse<TestRecursiveMessage>(data64), 64);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => parser64.Parse<TestRecursiveMessage>(data65));
+
+            var parser63 = new JsonParser(new JsonParser.Settings(63));
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => parser63.Parse<TestRecursiveMessage>(data64));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("AQI")]
+        [TestCase("_-==")]
+        public void Bytes_InvalidBase64(string badBase64)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleBytes\": \"" + badBase64 + "\" }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("\"FOREIGN_BAR\"", ForeignEnum.ForeignBar)]
+        [TestCase("5", ForeignEnum.ForeignBar)]
+        [TestCase("100", (ForeignEnum)100)]
+        public void EnumValid(string value, ForeignEnum expectedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleForeignEnum\": " + value + " }";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(new TestAllTypes { SingleForeignEnum = expectedValue }, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("\"NOT_A_VALID_VALUE\"")]
+        [TestCase("5.5")]
+        public void Enum_Invalid(string value)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleForeignEnum\": " + value + " }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OneofDuplicate_Invalid()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"oneofString\": \"x\", \"oneofUint32\": 10 }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Various tests use strings which have quotes round them for parsing or as the result
+        /// of formatting, but without those quotes being specified in the tests (for the sake of readability).
+        /// This method simply returns the input, wrapped in double quotes.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string WrapInQuotes(string text)
+        {
+            return '"' + text + '"';
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonTokenizerTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonTokenizerTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e690c182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonTokenizerTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class JsonTokenizerTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void EmptyObjectValue()
+        {
+            AssertTokens("{}", JsonToken.StartObject, JsonToken.EndObject);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EmptyArrayValue()
+        {
+            AssertTokens("[]", JsonToken.StartArray, JsonToken.EndArray);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("foo", "foo")]
+        [TestCase("tab\\t", "tab\t")]
+        [TestCase("line\\nfeed", "line\nfeed")]
+        [TestCase("carriage\\rreturn", "carriage\rreturn")]
+        [TestCase("back\\bspace", "back\bspace")]
+        [TestCase("form\\ffeed", "form\ffeed")]
+        [TestCase("escaped\\/slash", "escaped/slash")]
+        [TestCase("escaped\\\\backslash", "escaped\\backslash")]
+        [TestCase("escaped\\\"quote", "escaped\"quote")]
+        [TestCase("foo {}[] bar", "foo {}[] bar")]
+        [TestCase("foo\\u09aFbar", "foo\u09afbar")] // Digits, upper hex, lower hex
+        [TestCase("ab\ud800\udc00cd", "ab\ud800\udc00cd")]
+        [TestCase("ab\\ud800\\udc00cd", "ab\ud800\udc00cd")]
+        public void StringValue(string json, string expectedValue)
+        {
+            AssertTokensNoReplacement("\"" + json + "\"", JsonToken.Value(expectedValue));
+        }
+
+        // Valid surrogate pairs, with mixed escaping. These test cases can't be expressed
+        // using TestCase as they have no valid UTF-8 representation.
+        // It's unclear exactly how we should handle a mixture of escaped or not: that can't
+        // come from UTF-8 text, but could come from a .NET string. For the moment,
+        // treat it as valid in the obvious way.
+        [Test]
+        public void MixedSurrogatePairs()
+        {
+            string expected = "\ud800\udc00";
+            AssertTokens("'\\ud800\udc00'", JsonToken.Value(expected));
+            AssertTokens("'\ud800\\udc00'", JsonToken.Value(expected));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ObjectDepth()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"foo\": { \"x\": 1, \"y\": [ 0 ] } }";
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(new StringReader(json));
+            // If we had more tests like this, I'd introduce a helper method... but for one test, it's not worth it.
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.StartObject, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.Name("foo"), tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.StartObject, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.Name("x"), tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.Value(1), tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.Name("y"), tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.StartArray, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, tokenizer.ObjectDepth); // Depth hasn't changed in array
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.Value(0), tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.EndArray, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.EndObject, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.EndObject, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.EndDocument, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ObjectDepth_WithPushBack()
+        {
+            string json = "{}";
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(new StringReader(json));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            var token = tokenizer.Next();
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            // When we push back a "start object", we should effectively be back to the previous depth.
+            tokenizer.PushBack(token);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            // Read the same token again, and get back to depth 1
+            token = tokenizer.Next();
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+
+            // Now the same in reverse, with EndObject
+            token = tokenizer.Next();
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            tokenizer.PushBack(token);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            tokenizer.Next();
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("embedded tab\t")]
+        [TestCase("embedded CR\r")]
+        [TestCase("embedded LF\n")]
+        [TestCase("embedded bell\u0007")]
+        [TestCase("bad escape\\a")]
+        [TestCase("incomplete escape\\")]
+        [TestCase("incomplete Unicode escape\\u000")]
+        [TestCase("invalid Unicode escape\\u000H")]
+        // Surrogate pair handling, both in raw .NET strings and escaped. We only need
+        // to detect this in strings, as non-ASCII characters anywhere other than in strings
+        // will already lead to parsing errors.
+        [TestCase("\\ud800")]
+        [TestCase("\\udc00")]
+        [TestCase("\\ud800x")]
+        [TestCase("\\udc00x")]
+        [TestCase("\\udc00\\ud800y")]
+        public void InvalidStringValue(string json)
+        {
+            AssertThrowsAfter("\"" + json + "\"");
+        }
+
+        // Tests for invalid strings that can't be expressed in attributes,
+        // as the constants can't be expressed as UTF-8 strings.
+        [Test]
+        public void InvalidSurrogatePairs()
+        {
+            AssertThrowsAfter("\"\ud800x\"");
+            AssertThrowsAfter("\"\udc00y\"");
+            AssertThrowsAfter("\"\udc00\ud800y\"");
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0)]
+        [TestCase("-0", 0)] // We don't distinguish between positive and negative 0
+        [TestCase("1", 1)]
+        [TestCase("-1", -1)]
+        // From here on, assume leading sign is okay...
+        [TestCase("1.125", 1.125)]
+        [TestCase("1.0", 1)]
+        [TestCase("1e5", 100000)]
+        [TestCase("1e000000", 1)] // Weird, but not prohibited by the spec
+        [TestCase("1E5", 100000)]
+        [TestCase("1e+5", 100000)]
+        [TestCase("1E-5", 0.00001)]
+        [TestCase("123E-2", 1.23)]
+        [TestCase("123.45E3", 123450)]
+        [TestCase("   1   ", 1)]
+        public void NumberValue(string json, double expectedValue)
+        {
+            AssertTokens(json, JsonToken.Value(expectedValue));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("00")]
+        [TestCase(".5")]
+        [TestCase("1.")]
+        [TestCase("1e")]
+        [TestCase("1e-")]
+        [TestCase("--")]
+        [TestCase("--1")]
+        [TestCase("-1.7977e308")]
+        [TestCase("1.7977e308")]
+        public void InvalidNumberValue(string json)
+        {
+            AssertThrowsAfter(json);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("nul")]
+        [TestCase("nothing")]
+        [TestCase("truth")]
+        [TestCase("fALSEhood")]
+        public void InvalidLiterals(string json)
+        {
+            AssertThrowsAfter(json);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NullValue()
+        {
+            AssertTokens("null", JsonToken.Null);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TrueValue()
+        {
+            AssertTokens("true", JsonToken.True);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FalseValue()
+        {
+            AssertTokens("false", JsonToken.False);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SimpleObject()
+        {
+            AssertTokens("{'x': 'y'}",
+                JsonToken.StartObject, JsonToken.Name("x"), JsonToken.Value("y"), JsonToken.EndObject);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("[10, 20", 3)]
+        [TestCase("[10,", 2)]
+        [TestCase("[10:20]", 2)]
+        [TestCase("[", 1)]
+        [TestCase("[,", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{,", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{[", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{{", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{0", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{null", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{false", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{true", 1)]
+        [TestCase("}", 0)]
+        [TestCase("]", 0)]
+        [TestCase(",", 0)]
+        [TestCase("'foo' 'bar'", 1)]
+        [TestCase(":", 0)]
+        [TestCase("'foo", 0)] // Incomplete string
+        [TestCase("{ 'foo' }", 2)]
+        [TestCase("{ x:1", 1)] // Property names must be quoted
+        [TestCase("{]", 1)]
+        [TestCase("[}", 1)]
+        [TestCase("[1,", 2)]
+        [TestCase("{'x':0]", 3)]
+        [TestCase("{ 'foo': }", 2)]
+        [TestCase("{ 'foo':'bar', }", 3)]
+        public void InvalidStructure(string json, int expectedValidTokens)
+        {
+            // Note: we don't test that the earlier tokens are exactly as expected,
+            // partly because that's hard to parameterize.
+            var reader = new StringReader(json.Replace('\'', '"'));
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(reader);
+            for (int i = 0; i < expectedValidTokens; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.IsNotNull(tokenizer.Next());
+            }
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidJsonException>(() => tokenizer.Next());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ArrayMixedType()
+        {
+            AssertTokens("[1, 'foo', null, false, true, [2], {'x':'y' }]",
+                JsonToken.StartArray,
+                JsonToken.Value(1),
+                JsonToken.Value("foo"),
+                JsonToken.Null,
+                JsonToken.False,
+                JsonToken.True,
+                JsonToken.StartArray,
+                JsonToken.Value(2),
+                JsonToken.EndArray,
+                JsonToken.StartObject,
+                JsonToken.Name("x"),
+                JsonToken.Value("y"),
+                JsonToken.EndObject,
+                JsonToken.EndArray);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ObjectMixedType()
+        {
+            AssertTokens(@"{'a': 1, 'b': 'bar', 'c': null, 'd': false, 'e': true,
+                           'f': [2], 'g': {'x':'y' }}",
+                JsonToken.StartObject,
+                JsonToken.Name("a"),
+                JsonToken.Value(1),
+                JsonToken.Name("b"),
+                JsonToken.Value("bar"),
+                JsonToken.Name("c"),
+                JsonToken.Null,
+                JsonToken.Name("d"),
+                JsonToken.False,
+                JsonToken.Name("e"),
+                JsonToken.True,
+                JsonToken.Name("f"),
+                JsonToken.StartArray,
+                JsonToken.Value(2),
+                JsonToken.EndArray,
+                JsonToken.Name("g"),
+                JsonToken.StartObject,
+                JsonToken.Name("x"),
+                JsonToken.Value("y"),
+                JsonToken.EndObject,
+                JsonToken.EndObject);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NextAfterEndDocumentThrows()
+        {
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(new StringReader("null"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.Null, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.EndDocument, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => tokenizer.Next());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CanPushBackEndDocument()
+        {
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(new StringReader("null"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.Null, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.EndDocument, tokenizer.Next());
+            tokenizer.PushBack(JsonToken.EndDocument);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.EndDocument, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => tokenizer.Next());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Asserts that the specified JSON is tokenized into the given sequence of tokens.
+        /// All apostrophes are first converted to double quotes, allowing any tests
+        /// that don't need to check actual apostrophe handling to use apostrophes in the JSON, avoiding
+        /// messy string literal escaping. The "end document" token is not specified in the list of
+        /// expected tokens, but is implicit.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertTokens(string json, params JsonToken[] expectedTokens)
+        {
+            AssertTokensNoReplacement(json.Replace('\'', '"'), expectedTokens);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Asserts that the specified JSON is tokenized into the given sequence of tokens.
+        /// Unlike <see cref="AssertTokens(string, JsonToken[])"/>, this does not perform any character
+        /// replacement on the specified JSON, and should be used when the text contains apostrophes which
+        /// are expected to be used *as* apostrophes. The "end document" token is not specified in the list of
+        /// expected tokens, but is implicit.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertTokensNoReplacement(string json, params JsonToken[] expectedTokens)
+        {
+            var reader = new StringReader(json);
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(reader);
+            for (int i = 0; i < expectedTokens.Length; i++)
+            {
+                var actualToken = tokenizer.Next();
+                if (actualToken == JsonToken.EndDocument)
+                {
+                    Assert.Fail("Expected {0} but reached end of token stream", expectedTokens[i]);
+                }
+                Assert.AreEqual(expectedTokens[i], actualToken);
+            }
+            var finalToken = tokenizer.Next();
+            if (finalToken != JsonToken.EndDocument)
+            {
+                Assert.Fail("Expected token stream to be exhausted; received {0}", finalToken);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void AssertThrowsAfter(string json, params JsonToken[] expectedTokens)
+        {
+            var reader = new StringReader(json);
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(reader);
+            for (int i = 0; i < expectedTokens.Length; i++)
+            {
+                var actualToken = tokenizer.Next();
+                if (actualToken == JsonToken.EndDocument)
+                {
+                    Assert.Fail("Expected {0} but reached end of document", expectedTokens[i]);
+                }
+                Assert.AreEqual(expectedTokens[i], actualToken);
+            }
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidJsonException>(() => tokenizer.Next());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Program.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Program.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9078e59b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+using NUnitLite;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+// Note: this file wasn't in the actual 3.0, but is required due to build
+// system changes
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Test
+{
+    class Program
+    {
+        public static int Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            return new AutoRun(typeof(Program).GetTypeInfo().Assembly).Execute(args);
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/DescriptorsTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/DescriptorsTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0520ada30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/DescriptorsTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System.Linq;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tests for descriptors. (Not in its own namespace or broken up into individual classes as the
+    /// size doesn't warrant it. On the other hand, this makes me feel a bit dirty...)
+    /// </summary>
+    public class DescriptorsTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void FileDescriptor()
+        {
+            FileDescriptor file = UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto", file.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest", file.Package);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("UnittestProto", file.Proto.Options.JavaOuterClassname);
+            Assert.AreEqual("google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto", file.Proto.Name);
+
+            // unittest.proto doesn't have any public imports, but unittest_import.proto does.
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, file.PublicDependencies.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, UnittestImportProto3Reflection.Descriptor.PublicDependencies.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(UnittestImportPublicProto3Reflection.Descriptor, UnittestImportProto3Reflection.Descriptor.PublicDependencies[0]);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, file.Dependencies.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(UnittestImportProto3Reflection.Descriptor, file.Dependencies[0]);
+
+            MessageDescriptor messageType = TestAllTypes.Descriptor;
+            Assert.AreSame(typeof(TestAllTypes), messageType.ClrType);
+            Assert.AreSame(TestAllTypes.Parser, messageType.Parser);
+            Assert.AreEqual(messageType, file.MessageTypes[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(messageType, file.FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("TestAllTypes"));
+            Assert.Null(file.FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("NoSuchType"));
+            Assert.Null(file.FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes"));
+            for (int i = 0; i < file.MessageTypes.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(i, file.MessageTypes[i].Index);
+            }
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(file.EnumTypes[0], file.FindTypeByName<EnumDescriptor>("ForeignEnum"));
+            Assert.Null(file.FindTypeByName<EnumDescriptor>("NoSuchType"));
+            Assert.Null(file.FindTypeByName<EnumDescriptor>("protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, UnittestImportProto3Reflection.Descriptor.EnumTypes.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("ImportEnum", UnittestImportProto3Reflection.Descriptor.EnumTypes[0].Name);
+            for (int i = 0; i < file.EnumTypes.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(i, file.EnumTypes[i].Index);
+            }
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, file.SerializedData[0]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MessageDescriptor()
+        {
+            MessageDescriptor messageType = TestAllTypes.Descriptor;
+            MessageDescriptor nestedType = TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage.Descriptor;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("TestAllTypes", messageType.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes", messageType.FullName);
+            Assert.AreEqual(UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor, messageType.File);
+            Assert.IsNull(messageType.ContainingType);
+            Assert.IsNull(messageType.Proto.Options);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("TestAllTypes", messageType.Name);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("NestedMessage", nestedType.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage", nestedType.FullName);
+            Assert.AreEqual(UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor, nestedType.File);
+            Assert.AreEqual(messageType, nestedType.ContainingType);
+
+            FieldDescriptor field = messageType.Fields.InDeclarationOrder()[0];
+            Assert.AreEqual("single_int32", field.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(field, messageType.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("single_int32"));
+            Assert.Null(messageType.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("no_such_field"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(field, messageType.FindFieldByNumber(1));
+            Assert.Null(messageType.FindFieldByNumber(571283));
+            var fieldsInDeclarationOrder = messageType.Fields.InDeclarationOrder();
+            for (int i = 0; i < fieldsInDeclarationOrder.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(i, fieldsInDeclarationOrder[i].Index);
+            }
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(nestedType, messageType.NestedTypes[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(nestedType, messageType.FindDescriptor<MessageDescriptor>("NestedMessage"));
+            Assert.Null(messageType.FindDescriptor<MessageDescriptor>("NoSuchType"));
+            for (int i = 0; i < messageType.NestedTypes.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(i, messageType.NestedTypes[i].Index);
+            }
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(messageType.EnumTypes[0], messageType.FindDescriptor<EnumDescriptor>("NestedEnum"));
+            Assert.Null(messageType.FindDescriptor<EnumDescriptor>("NoSuchType"));
+            for (int i = 0; i < messageType.EnumTypes.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(i, messageType.EnumTypes[i].Index);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldDescriptor()
+        {
+            MessageDescriptor messageType = TestAllTypes.Descriptor;
+            FieldDescriptor primitiveField = messageType.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("single_int32");
+            FieldDescriptor enumField = messageType.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("single_nested_enum");
+            FieldDescriptor messageField = messageType.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("single_foreign_message");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("single_int32", primitiveField.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.single_int32",
+                            primitiveField.FullName);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, primitiveField.FieldNumber);
+            Assert.AreEqual(messageType, primitiveField.ContainingType);
+            Assert.AreEqual(UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor, primitiveField.File);
+            Assert.AreEqual(FieldType.Int32, primitiveField.FieldType);
+            Assert.IsNull(primitiveField.Proto.Options);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("single_nested_enum", enumField.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(FieldType.Enum, enumField.FieldType);
+            // Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.DescriptorProtoFile, enumField.EnumType);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("single_foreign_message", messageField.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(FieldType.Message, messageField.FieldType);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ForeignMessage.Descriptor, messageField.MessageType);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldDescriptorLabel()
+        {
+            FieldDescriptor singleField =
+                TestAllTypes.Descriptor.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("single_int32");
+            FieldDescriptor repeatedField =
+                TestAllTypes.Descriptor.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("repeated_int32");
+
+            Assert.IsFalse(singleField.IsRepeated);
+            Assert.IsTrue(repeatedField.IsRepeated);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EnumDescriptor()
+        {
+            // Note: this test is a bit different to the Java version because there's no static way of getting to the descriptor
+            EnumDescriptor enumType = UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.FindTypeByName<EnumDescriptor>("ForeignEnum");
+            EnumDescriptor nestedType = TestAllTypes.Descriptor.FindDescriptor<EnumDescriptor>("NestedEnum");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("ForeignEnum", enumType.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum", enumType.FullName);
+            Assert.AreEqual(UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor, enumType.File);
+            Assert.Null(enumType.ContainingType);
+            Assert.Null(enumType.Proto.Options);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("NestedEnum", nestedType.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum",
+                            nestedType.FullName);
+            Assert.AreEqual(UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor, nestedType.File);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.Descriptor, nestedType.ContainingType);
+
+            EnumValueDescriptor value = enumType.FindValueByName("FOREIGN_FOO");
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, enumType.Values[1]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("FOREIGN_FOO", value.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, value.Number);
+            Assert.AreEqual((int) ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo, value.Number);
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, enumType.FindValueByNumber(4));
+            Assert.Null(enumType.FindValueByName("NO_SUCH_VALUE"));
+            for (int i = 0; i < enumType.Values.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(i, enumType.Values[i].Index);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OneofDescriptor()
+        {
+            OneofDescriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.Descriptor.FindDescriptor<OneofDescriptor>("oneof_field");
+            Assert.AreEqual("oneof_field", descriptor.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.oneof_field", descriptor.FullName);
+
+            var expectedFields = new[] {
+                TestAllTypes.OneofBytesFieldNumber,
+                TestAllTypes.OneofNestedMessageFieldNumber,
+                TestAllTypes.OneofStringFieldNumber,
+                TestAllTypes.OneofUint32FieldNumber }
+                .Select(fieldNumber => TestAllTypes.Descriptor.FindFieldByNumber(fieldNumber))
+                .ToList();
+            foreach (var field in expectedFields)
+            {
+                Assert.AreSame(descriptor, field.ContainingOneof);
+            }
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(expectedFields, descriptor.Fields);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapEntryMessageDescriptor()
+        {
+            var descriptor = MapWellKnownTypes.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0];
+            Assert.IsNull(descriptor.Parser);
+            Assert.IsNull(descriptor.ClrType);
+            Assert.IsNull(descriptor.Fields[1].Accessor);
+        }
+
+        // From TestFieldOrdering:
+        // string my_string = 11;
+        // int64 my_int = 1;
+        // float my_float = 101;
+        // NestedMessage single_nested_message = 200;
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldListOrderings()
+        {
+            var fields = TestFieldOrderings.Descriptor.Fields;
+            Assert.AreEqual(new[] { 11, 1, 101, 200 }, fields.InDeclarationOrder().Select(x => x.FieldNumber));
+            Assert.AreEqual(new[] { 1, 11, 101, 200 }, fields.InFieldNumberOrder().Select(x => x.FieldNumber));
+        }
+
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DescriptorProtoFileDescriptor()
+        {
+            var descriptor = Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileDescriptor.DescriptorProtoFileDescriptor;
+            Assert.AreEqual("google/protobuf/descriptor.proto", descriptor.Name);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/FieldAccessTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/FieldAccessTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46cb1afcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/FieldAccessTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    public class FieldAccessTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void GetValue()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var fields = TestAllTypes.Descriptor.Fields;
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleBool, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleBoolFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleBytes, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleBytesFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleDouble, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleDoubleFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleFixed32, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleFixed32FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleFixed64, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleFixed64FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleFloat, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleFloatFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleForeignEnum, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleForeignEnumFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleForeignMessage, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleForeignMessageFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleImportEnum, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleImportEnumFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleImportMessage, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleImportMessageFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleInt32, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleInt32FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleInt64, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleInt64FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleNestedEnum, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleNestedEnumFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleNestedMessage, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleNestedMessageFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SinglePublicImportMessage, fields[TestAllTypes.SinglePublicImportMessageFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleSint32, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleSint32FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleSint64, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleSint64FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleString, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleStringFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleSfixed32, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleSfixed32FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleSfixed64, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleSfixed64FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleUint32, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleUint32FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleUint64, fields[TestAllTypes.SingleUint64FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.OneofBytes, fields[TestAllTypes.OneofBytesFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.OneofString, fields[TestAllTypes.OneofStringFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.OneofNestedMessage, fields[TestAllTypes.OneofNestedMessageFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.OneofUint32, fields[TestAllTypes.OneofUint32FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+
+            // Just one example for repeated fields - they're all just returning the list
+            var list = (IList) fields[TestAllTypes.RepeatedInt32FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.RepeatedInt32, list);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.RepeatedInt32[0], list[0]); // Just in case there was any doubt...
+
+            // Just a single map field, for the same reason
+            var mapMessage = new TestMap { MapStringString = { { "key1", "value1" }, { "key2", "value2" } } };
+            fields = TestMap.Descriptor.Fields;
+            var dictionary = (IDictionary) fields[TestMap.MapStringStringFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(mapMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(mapMessage.MapStringString, dictionary);
+            Assert.AreEqual("value1", dictionary["key1"]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var fields = TestAllTypes.Descriptor.Fields;
+            fields[TestAllTypes.SingleBoolFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+            fields[TestAllTypes.SingleInt32FieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+            fields[TestAllTypes.SingleStringFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+            fields[TestAllTypes.SingleBytesFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+            fields[TestAllTypes.SingleForeignEnumFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+            fields[TestAllTypes.SingleForeignMessageFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+            fields[TestAllTypes.RepeatedDoubleFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+
+            var expected = new TestAllTypes(SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes())
+            {
+                SingleBool = false,
+                SingleInt32 = 0,
+                SingleString = "",
+                SingleBytes = ByteString.Empty,
+                SingleForeignEnum = 0,
+                SingleForeignMessage = null,
+            };
+            expected.RepeatedDouble.Clear();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, message);
+
+            // Separately, maps.
+            var mapMessage = new TestMap { MapStringString = { { "key1", "value1" }, { "key2", "value2" } } };
+            fields = TestMap.Descriptor.Fields;
+            fields[TestMap.MapStringStringFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(mapMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, mapMessage.MapStringString.Count);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SetValue_SingleFields()
+        {
+            // Just a sample (primitives, messages, enums, strings, byte strings)
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var fields = TestAllTypes.Descriptor.Fields;
+            fields[TestAllTypes.SingleBoolFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, false);
+            fields[TestAllTypes.SingleInt32FieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, 500);
+            fields[TestAllTypes.SingleStringFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, "It's a string");
+            fields[TestAllTypes.SingleBytesFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, ByteString.CopyFrom(99, 98, 97));
+            fields[TestAllTypes.SingleForeignEnumFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo);
+            fields[TestAllTypes.SingleForeignMessageFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, new ForeignMessage { C = 12345 });
+            fields[TestAllTypes.SingleDoubleFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, 20150701.5);
+
+            var expected = new TestAllTypes(SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes())
+            {
+                SingleBool = false,
+                SingleInt32 = 500,
+                SingleString = "It's a string",
+                SingleBytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(99, 98, 97),
+                SingleForeignEnum = ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo,
+                SingleForeignMessage = new ForeignMessage { C = 12345 },
+                SingleDouble = 20150701.5
+            };
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, message);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SetValue_SingleFields_WrongType()
+        {
+            IMessage message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var fields = message.Descriptor.Fields;
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidCastException>(() => fields[TestAllTypes.SingleBoolFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, "This isn't a bool"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SetValue_MapFields()
+        {
+            IMessage message = new TestMap();
+            var fields = message.Descriptor.Fields;
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => fields[TestMap.MapStringStringFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, new Dictionary<string, string>()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SetValue_RepeatedFields()
+        {
+            IMessage message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var fields = message.Descriptor.Fields;
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => fields[TestAllTypes.RepeatedDoubleFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, new double[10]));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetValue_IncorrectType()
+        {
+            IMessage message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var fields = message.Descriptor.Fields;
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidCastException>(() => fields[TestAllTypes.SingleBoolFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(new TestMap()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Oneof()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            var descriptor = TestAllTypes.Descriptor;
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, descriptor.Oneofs.Count);
+            var oneof = descriptor.Oneofs[0];
+            Assert.AreEqual("oneof_field", oneof.Name);
+            Assert.IsNull(oneof.Accessor.GetCaseFieldDescriptor(message));
+
+            message.OneofString = "foo";
+            Assert.AreSame(descriptor.Fields[TestAllTypes.OneofStringFieldNumber], oneof.Accessor.GetCaseFieldDescriptor(message));
+
+            message.OneofUint32 = 10;
+            Assert.AreSame(descriptor.Fields[TestAllTypes.OneofUint32FieldNumber], oneof.Accessor.GetCaseFieldDescriptor(message));
+
+            oneof.Accessor.Clear(message);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.None, message.OneofFieldCase);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldDescriptor_ByName()
+        {
+            var descriptor = TestAllTypes.Descriptor;
+            Assert.AreSame(
+                descriptor.Fields[TestAllTypes.SingleBoolFieldNumber],
+                descriptor.Fields["single_bool"]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldDescriptor_NotFound()
+        {
+            var descriptor = TestAllTypes.Descriptor;
+            Assert.Throws<KeyNotFoundException>(() => descriptor.Fields[999999].ToString());
+            Assert.Throws<KeyNotFoundException>(() => descriptor.Fields["not found"].ToString());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/TypeRegistryTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/TypeRegistryTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5be7ca236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/TypeRegistryTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    public class TypeRegistryTest
+    {
+        // Most of our tests use messages. Simple test that we really can use files...
+        [Test]
+        public void CreateWithFileDescriptor()
+        {
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromFiles(DurationReflection.Descriptor, StructReflection.Descriptor);
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, Duration.Descriptor);
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, ListValue.Descriptor);
+            AssertDescriptorAbsent(registry, Timestamp.Descriptor);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TypesFromSameFile()
+        {
+            // Just for kicks, let's start with a nested type
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage.Descriptor);
+            // Top-level...
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, TestFieldOrderings.Descriptor);
+            // ... and nested (not the same as the original NestedMessage!)
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, TestFieldOrderings.Types.NestedMessage.Descriptor);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DependenciesAreIncluded()
+        {
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestAllTypes.Descriptor);
+            // Direct dependencies
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, ImportMessage.Descriptor);
+            // Public dependencies
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, PublicImportMessage.Descriptor);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DuplicateFiles()
+        {
+            // Duplicates via dependencies and simply via repetition
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromFiles(
+                UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor, UnittestImportProto3Reflection.Descriptor,
+                TimestampReflection.Descriptor, TimestampReflection.Descriptor);
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, TestAllTypes.Descriptor);
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, ImportMessage.Descriptor);
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, Timestamp.Descriptor);
+        }
+
+        private static void AssertDescriptorPresent(TypeRegistry registry, MessageDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            Assert.AreSame(descriptor, registry.Find(descriptor.FullName));
+        }
+
+        private static void AssertDescriptorAbsent(TypeRegistry registry, MessageDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            Assert.IsNull(registry.Find(descriptor.FullName));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleEnum.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleEnum.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44f232a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleEnum.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    // Just a sample enum with positive and negative values to be used in tests.
+    internal enum SampleEnum
+    {
+        NegativeValue = -2,
+        None = 0,
+        PositiveValue = 3
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleMessages.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleMessages.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffa4e2a7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleMessages.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Helper methods to create sample instances of types generated from unit test messages.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class SampleMessages
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new sample TestAllTypes message with all fields populated.
+        /// The "oneof" field is populated with the string property (OneofString).
+        /// </summary>
+        public static TestAllTypes CreateFullTestAllTypes()
+        {
+            return new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                SingleBool = true,
+                SingleBytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4),
+                SingleDouble = 23.5,
+                SingleFixed32 = 23,
+                SingleFixed64 = 1234567890123,
+                SingleFloat = 12.25f,
+                SingleForeignEnum = ForeignEnum.ForeignBar,
+                SingleForeignMessage = new ForeignMessage { C = 10 },
+                SingleImportEnum = ImportEnum.ImportBaz,
+                SingleImportMessage = new ImportMessage { D = 20 },
+                SingleInt32 = 100,
+                SingleInt64 = 3210987654321,
+                SingleNestedEnum = TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo,
+                SingleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 35 },
+                SinglePublicImportMessage = new PublicImportMessage { E = 54 },
+                SingleSfixed32 = -123,
+                SingleSfixed64 = -12345678901234,
+                SingleSint32 = -456,
+                SingleSint64 = -12345678901235,
+                SingleString = "test",
+                SingleUint32 = UInt32.MaxValue,
+                SingleUint64 = UInt64.MaxValue,
+                RepeatedBool = { true, false },
+                RepeatedBytes = { ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4), ByteString.CopyFrom(5, 6), ByteString.CopyFrom(new byte[1000]) },
+                RepeatedDouble = { -12.25, 23.5 },
+                RepeatedFixed32 = { UInt32.MaxValue, 23 },
+                RepeatedFixed64 = { UInt64.MaxValue, 1234567890123 },
+                RepeatedFloat = { 100f, 12.25f },
+                RepeatedForeignEnum = { ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo, ForeignEnum.ForeignBar },
+                RepeatedForeignMessage = { new ForeignMessage(), new ForeignMessage { C = 10 } },
+                RepeatedImportEnum = { ImportEnum.ImportBaz, ImportEnum.Unspecified },
+                RepeatedImportMessage = { new ImportMessage { D = 20 }, new ImportMessage { D = 25 } },
+                RepeatedInt32 = { 100, 200 },
+                RepeatedInt64 = { 3210987654321, Int64.MaxValue },
+                RepeatedNestedEnum = { TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo, TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Neg },
+                RepeatedNestedMessage = { new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 35 }, new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 10 } },
+                RepeatedPublicImportMessage = { new PublicImportMessage { E = 54 }, new PublicImportMessage { E = -1 } },
+                RepeatedSfixed32 = { -123, 123 },
+                RepeatedSfixed64 = { -12345678901234, 12345678901234 },
+                RepeatedSint32 = { -456, 100 },
+                RepeatedSint64 = { -12345678901235, 123 },
+                RepeatedString = { "foo", "bar" },
+                RepeatedUint32 = { UInt32.MaxValue, UInt32.MinValue },
+                RepeatedUint64 = { UInt64.MaxValue, UInt32.MinValue },
+                OneofString = "Oneof string"
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/TestCornerCases.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/TestCornerCases.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..248f5fa91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/TestCornerCases.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+    
+using UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class TestCornerCases
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void TestRoundTripNegativeEnums()
+        {
+            NegativeEnumMessage msg = new NegativeEnumMessage
+            {
+                Value = NegativeEnum.MinusOne,
+                Values = { NegativeEnum.Zero, NegativeEnum.MinusOne, NegativeEnum.FiveBelow },
+                PackedValues = { NegativeEnum.Zero, NegativeEnum.MinusOne, NegativeEnum.FiveBelow }
+            };
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(58, msg.CalculateSize());
+
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[58];
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(bytes);
+
+            msg.WriteTo(output);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);
+
+            NegativeEnumMessage copy = NegativeEnumMessage.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(msg, copy);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/TestProtos/ForeignMessagePartial.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/TestProtos/ForeignMessagePartial.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5663a6990
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/TestProtos/ForeignMessagePartial.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.TestProtos
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A message with custom diagnostics (to test that they work).
+    /// </summary>
+    public partial class ForeignMessage : ICustomDiagnosticMessage
+    {
+        public string ToDiagnosticString()
+        {
+            return $"{{ \"c\": {C}, \"@cInHex\": \"{C:x}\" }}";
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/AnyTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/AnyTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4aecc998d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/AnyTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    public class AnyTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Pack()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message);
+            Assert.AreEqual("type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes", any.TypeUrl);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.CalculateSize(), any.Value.Length);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Pack_WithCustomPrefix()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message, "foo.bar/baz");
+            Assert.AreEqual("foo.bar/baz/protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes", any.TypeUrl);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.CalculateSize(), any.Value.Length);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Pack_WithCustomPrefixTrailingSlash()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message, "foo.bar/baz/");
+            Assert.AreEqual("foo.bar/baz/protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes", any.TypeUrl);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.CalculateSize(), any.Value.Length);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Unpack_WrongType()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => any.Unpack<TestOneof>());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Unpack_Success()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message);
+            var unpacked = any.Unpack<TestAllTypes>();
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, unpacked);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Unpack_CustomPrefix_Success()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message, "foo.bar/baz");
+            var unpacked = any.Unpack<TestAllTypes>();
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, unpacked);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_WithValues()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message);
+            var text = any.ToString();
+            Assert.That(text, Does.Contain("\"@value\": \"" + message.ToByteString().ToBase64() + "\""));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Empty()
+        {
+            var any = new Any();
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"@type\": \"\", \"@value\": \"\" }", any.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_MessageContainingAny()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { AnyField = new Any() };
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"anyField\": { \"@type\": \"\", \"@value\": \"\" } }", message.ToString());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/DurationTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/DurationTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..141faf80e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/DurationTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    public class DurationTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void ToTimeSpan()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1), new Duration { Seconds = 1 }.ToTimeSpan());
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(-1), new Duration { Seconds = -1 }.ToTimeSpan());
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1), new Duration { Nanos = 1000000 }.ToTimeSpan());
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(-1), new Duration { Nanos = -1000000 }.ToTimeSpan());
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromTicks(1), new Duration { Nanos = 100 }.ToTimeSpan());
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromTicks(-1), new Duration { Nanos = -100 }.ToTimeSpan());
+
+            // Rounding is towards 0
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromTicks(2), new Duration { Nanos = 250 }.ToTimeSpan());
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromTicks(-2), new Duration { Nanos = -250 }.ToTimeSpan());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Addition()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = 2, Nanos = 100000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 600000000 } + new Duration { Nanos = 500000000 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = -2, Nanos = -100000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = -1, Nanos = -600000000 } + new Duration { Nanos = -500000000 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 100000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 600000000 } + new Duration { Nanos = -500000000 });
+
+            // Non-normalized durations, or non-normalized intermediate results
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = 1 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = -500000000 } + new Duration { Nanos = 500000000 });
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Nanos = -900000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = -1, Nanos = -100000000 } + new Duration { Nanos = 200000000 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Nanos = 900000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 100000000 } + new Duration { Nanos = -200000000 });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Subtraction()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 100000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 600000000 } - new Duration { Nanos = 500000000 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = -1, Nanos = -100000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = -1, Nanos = -600000000 } - new Duration { Nanos = -500000000 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = 2, Nanos = 100000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 600000000 } - new Duration { Nanos = -500000000 });
+
+            // Non-normalized durations
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration(),
+                new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = -500000000 } - new Duration { Nanos = 500000000 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = 1 },
+                new Duration { Nanos = 2000000000 } - new Duration { Nanos = 1000000000 });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FromTimeSpan()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = 1 }, Duration.FromTimeSpan(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Nanos = Duration.NanosecondsPerTick }, Duration.FromTimeSpan(TimeSpan.FromTicks(1)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(0, Duration.MaxNanoseconds + 1)]
+        [TestCase(0, Duration.MinNanoseconds - 1)]
+        [TestCase(Duration.MinSeconds - 1, 0)]
+        [TestCase(Duration.MaxSeconds + 1, 0)]
+        [TestCase(1, -1)]
+        [TestCase(-1, 1)]
+        public void ToTimeSpan_Invalid(long seconds, int nanoseconds)
+        {
+            var duration = new Duration { Seconds = seconds, Nanos = nanoseconds };
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => duration.ToTimeSpan());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(0, Duration.MaxNanoseconds)]
+        [TestCase(0, Duration.MinNanoseconds)]
+        [TestCase(Duration.MinSeconds, Duration.MinNanoseconds)]
+        [TestCase(Duration.MaxSeconds, Duration.MaxNanoseconds)]
+        public void ToTimeSpan_Valid(long seconds, int nanoseconds)
+        {
+            // Only testing that these values don't throw, unlike their similar tests in ToTimeSpan_Invalid
+            var duration = new Duration { Seconds = seconds, Nanos = nanoseconds };
+            duration.ToTimeSpan();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_NonNormalized()
+        {
+            // Just a single example should be sufficient...
+            var duration = new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = -1 };
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"@warning\": \"Invalid Duration\", \"seconds\": \"1\", \"nanos\": -1 }", duration.ToString());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/FieldMaskTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/FieldMaskTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d9908b4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/FieldMaskTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    public class FieldMaskTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("foo__bar")]
+        [TestCase("foo_3_ar")]
+        [TestCase("fooBar")]
+        public void ToString_Invalid(string input)
+        {
+            var mask = new FieldMask { Paths = { input } };
+            var text = mask.ToString();
+            // More specific test below
+            Assert.That(text, Does.Contain("@warning"));
+            Assert.That(text, Does.Contain(input));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Invalid_Precise()
+        {
+            var mask = new FieldMask { Paths = { "x", "foo__bar", @"x\y" } };
+            Assert.AreEqual(
+                "{ \"@warning\": \"Invalid FieldMask\", \"paths\": [ \"x\", \"foo__bar\", \"x\\\\y\" ] }",
+                mask.ToString());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/TimestampTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/TimestampTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..548c585a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/TimestampTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    public class TimestampTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void FromAndToDateTime()
+        {
+            DateTime utcMin = DateTime.SpecifyKind(DateTime.MinValue, DateTimeKind.Utc);
+            DateTime utcMax = DateTime.SpecifyKind(DateTime.MaxValue, DateTimeKind.Utc);
+            AssertRoundtrip(new Timestamp { Seconds = -62135596800 }, utcMin);
+            AssertRoundtrip(new Timestamp { Seconds = 253402300799, Nanos = 999999900 }, utcMax);
+            AssertRoundtrip(new Timestamp(), new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc));
+            AssertRoundtrip(new Timestamp { Nanos = 1000000}, new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, DateTimeKind.Utc));
+            AssertRoundtrip(new Timestamp { Seconds = -1, Nanos = 999000000 }, new DateTime(1969, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999, DateTimeKind.Utc));
+            AssertRoundtrip(new Timestamp { Seconds = 3600 }, new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc));
+            AssertRoundtrip(new Timestamp { Seconds = -3600 }, new DateTime(1969, 12, 31, 23, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToDateTimeTruncation()
+        {
+            var t1 = new Timestamp { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 1000000 + Duration.NanosecondsPerTick - 1 };
+            Assert.AreEqual(new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, DateTimeKind.Utc).AddMilliseconds(1), t1.ToDateTime());
+
+            var t2 = new Timestamp { Seconds = -1, Nanos = 1000000 + Duration.NanosecondsPerTick - 1 };
+            Assert.AreEqual(new DateTime(1969, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59).AddMilliseconds(1), t2.ToDateTime());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(Timestamp.UnixSecondsAtBclMinValue - 1, Timestamp.MaxNanos)]
+        [TestCase(Timestamp.UnixSecondsAtBclMaxValue + 1, 0)]
+        [TestCase(0, -1)]
+        [TestCase(0, Timestamp.MaxNanos + 1)]
+        public void ToDateTime_OutOfRange(long seconds, int nanoseconds)
+        {
+            var value = new Timestamp { Seconds = seconds, Nanos = nanoseconds };
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => value.ToDateTime());
+        }
+
+        // 1ns larger or smaller than the above values
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(Timestamp.UnixSecondsAtBclMinValue, 0)]
+        [TestCase(Timestamp.UnixSecondsAtBclMaxValue, Timestamp.MaxNanos)]
+        [TestCase(0, 0)]
+        [TestCase(0, Timestamp.MaxNanos)]
+        public void ToDateTime_ValidBoundaries(long seconds, int nanoseconds)
+        {
+            var value = new Timestamp { Seconds = seconds, Nanos = nanoseconds };
+            value.ToDateTime();
+        }
+
+        private static void AssertRoundtrip(Timestamp timestamp, DateTime dateTime)
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(timestamp, Timestamp.FromDateTime(dateTime));
+            Assert.AreEqual(dateTime, timestamp.ToDateTime());
+            Assert.AreEqual(DateTimeKind.Utc, timestamp.ToDateTime().Kind);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Arithmetic()
+        {
+            Timestamp t1 = new Timestamp { Seconds = 10000, Nanos = 5000 };
+            Timestamp t2 = new Timestamp { Seconds = 8000, Nanos = 10000 };
+            Duration difference = new Duration { Seconds = 1999, Nanos = Duration.NanosecondsPerSecond - 5000 };
+            Assert.AreEqual(difference, t1 - t2);
+            Assert.AreEqual(-difference, t2 - t1);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(t1, t2 + difference);
+            Assert.AreEqual(t2, t1 - difference);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_NonNormalized()
+        {
+            // Just a single example should be sufficient...
+            var duration = new Timestamp { Seconds = 1, Nanos = -1 };
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"@warning\": \"Invalid Timestamp\", \"seconds\": \"1\", \"nanos\": -1 }", duration.ToString());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/WrappersTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/WrappersTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0df4ac4c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/WrappersTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    public class WrappersTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void NullIsDefault()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes();
+            Assert.IsNull(message.StringField);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.BytesField);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.BoolField);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.FloatField);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.DoubleField);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.Int32Field);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.Int64Field);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.Uint32Field);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.Uint64Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NonDefaultSingleValues()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                StringField = "x",
+                BytesField = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3),
+                BoolField = true,
+                FloatField = 12.5f,
+                DoubleField = 12.25d,
+                Int32Field = 1,
+                Int64Field = 2,
+                Uint32Field = 3,
+                Uint64Field = 4
+            };
+
+            var bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            var parsed = TestWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("x", parsed.StringField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3), parsed.BytesField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed.BoolField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(12.5f, parsed.FloatField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(12.25d, parsed.DoubleField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, parsed.Int32Field);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2L, parsed.Int64Field);
+            Assert.AreEqual(3U, parsed.Uint32Field);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4UL, parsed.Uint64Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NonNullDefaultIsPreservedThroughSerialization()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                StringField = "",
+                BytesField = ByteString.Empty,
+                BoolField = false,
+                FloatField = 0f,
+                DoubleField = 0d,
+                Int32Field = 0,
+                Int64Field = 0,
+                Uint32Field = 0,
+                Uint64Field = 0
+            };
+
+            var bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            var parsed = TestWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("", parsed.StringField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, parsed.BytesField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed.BoolField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0f, parsed.FloatField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0d, parsed.DoubleField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, parsed.Int32Field);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, parsed.Int64Field);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0U, parsed.Uint32Field);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0UL, parsed.Uint64Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RepeatedWrappersProhibitNullItems()
+        {
+            var message = new RepeatedWellKnownTypes();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.BoolField.Add((bool?) null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.Int32Field.Add((int?) null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.StringField.Add((string) null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.BytesField.Add((ByteString) null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RepeatedWrappersSerializeDeserialize()
+        {
+            var message = new RepeatedWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                BoolField = { true, false },
+                BytesField = { ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3), ByteString.CopyFrom(4, 5, 6), ByteString.Empty },
+                DoubleField = { 12.5, -1.5, 0d },
+                FloatField = { 123.25f, -20f, 0f },
+                Int32Field = { int.MaxValue, int.MinValue, 0 },
+                Int64Field = { long.MaxValue, long.MinValue, 0L },
+                StringField = { "First", "Second", "" },
+                Uint32Field = { uint.MaxValue, uint.MinValue, 0U },
+                Uint64Field = { ulong.MaxValue, ulong.MinValue, 0UL },
+            };
+            var bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            var parsed = RepeatedWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+            // Just to test a single value for sanity...
+            Assert.AreEqual("Second", message.StringField[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RepeatedWrappersBinaryFormat()
+        {
+            // At one point we accidentally used a packed format for repeated wrappers, which is wrong (and weird).
+            // This test is just to prove that we use the right format.
+
+            var rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput);
+            // Write a value of 5
+            output.WriteTag(RepeatedWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteLength(2);
+            output.WriteTag(WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(5);
+            // Write a value of 0 (empty message)
+            output.WriteTag(RepeatedWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteLength(0);
+            output.Flush();
+            var expectedBytes = rawOutput.ToArray();
+
+            var message = new RepeatedWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = { 5, 0 } };
+            var actualBytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedBytes, actualBytes);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapWrappersSerializeDeserialize()
+        {
+            // Note: no null values here, as they are prohibited in map fields
+            // (despite being representable).
+            var message = new MapWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                BoolField = { { 10, false }, { 20, true } },
+                BytesField = {
+                    { -1, ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3) },
+                    { 10, ByteString.CopyFrom(4, 5, 6) },
+                    { 1000, ByteString.Empty },
+                },
+                DoubleField = { { 1, 12.5 }, { 10, -1.5 }, { 20, 0d } },
+                FloatField = { { 2, 123.25f }, { 3, -20f }, { 4, 0f } },
+                Int32Field = { { 5, int.MaxValue }, { 6, int.MinValue }, { 7, 0 } },
+                Int64Field = { { 8, long.MaxValue }, { 9, long.MinValue }, { 10, 0L } },
+                StringField = { { 11, "First" }, { 12, "Second" }, { 13, "" } },
+                Uint32Field = { { 15, uint.MaxValue }, { 16, uint.MinValue }, { 17, 0U } },
+                Uint64Field = { { 18, ulong.MaxValue }, { 19, ulong.MinValue }, { 20, 0UL } },
+            };
+
+            var bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            var parsed = MapWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+            // Just to test a single value for sanity...
+            Assert.AreEqual("Second", message.StringField[12]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Reflection_SingleValues()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                StringField = "x",
+                BytesField = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3),
+                BoolField = true,
+                FloatField = 12.5f,
+                DoubleField = 12.25d,
+                Int32Field = 1,
+                Int64Field = 2,
+                Uint32Field = 3,
+                Uint64Field = 4
+            };
+            var fields = TestWellKnownTypes.Descriptor.Fields;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("x", fields[TestWellKnownTypes.StringFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3), fields[TestWellKnownTypes.BytesFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, fields[TestWellKnownTypes.BoolFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(12.5f, fields[TestWellKnownTypes.FloatFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(12.25d, fields[TestWellKnownTypes.DoubleFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, fields[TestWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(2L, fields[TestWellKnownTypes.Int64FieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(3U, fields[TestWellKnownTypes.Uint32FieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(4UL, fields[TestWellKnownTypes.Uint64FieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+
+            // And a couple of null fields...
+            message.StringField = null;
+            message.FloatField = null;
+            Assert.IsNull(fields[TestWellKnownTypes.StringFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.IsNull(fields[TestWellKnownTypes.FloatFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Reflection_RepeatedFields()
+        {
+            // Just a single example... note that we can't have a null value here
+            var message = new RepeatedWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = { 1, 2 } };
+            var fields = RepeatedWellKnownTypes.Descriptor.Fields;
+            var list = (IList) fields[RepeatedWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { 1, 2 }, list);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Reflection_MapFields()
+        {
+            // Just a single example... note that we can't have a null value here despite the value type being int?
+            var message = new MapWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = { { 1, 2 } } };
+            var fields = MapWellKnownTypes.Descriptor.Fields;
+            var dictionary = (IDictionary) fields[MapWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, dictionary[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Oneof()
+        {
+            var message = new OneofWellKnownTypes { EmptyField = new Empty() };
+            // Start off with a non-wrapper
+            Assert.AreEqual(OneofWellKnownTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.EmptyField, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            AssertOneofRoundTrip(message);
+
+            message.StringField = "foo";
+            Assert.AreEqual(OneofWellKnownTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.StringField, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            AssertOneofRoundTrip(message);
+
+            message.StringField = "foo";
+            Assert.AreEqual(OneofWellKnownTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.StringField, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            AssertOneofRoundTrip(message);
+
+            message.DoubleField = 0.0f;
+            Assert.AreEqual(OneofWellKnownTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.DoubleField, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            AssertOneofRoundTrip(message);
+
+            message.DoubleField = 1.0f;
+            Assert.AreEqual(OneofWellKnownTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.DoubleField, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            AssertOneofRoundTrip(message);
+
+            message.ClearOneofField();
+            Assert.AreEqual(OneofWellKnownTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.None, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            AssertOneofRoundTrip(message);
+        }
+
+        private void AssertOneofRoundTrip(OneofWellKnownTypes message)
+        {
+            // Normal roundtrip, but explicitly checking the case...
+            var bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            var parsed = OneofWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.OneofFieldCase, parsed.OneofFieldCase);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("x", "y", "y")]
+        [TestCase("x", "", "x")]
+        [TestCase("x", null, "x")]
+        [TestCase("", "y", "y")]
+        [TestCase("", "", "")]
+        [TestCase("", null, "")]
+        [TestCase(null, "y", "y")]
+        [TestCase(null, "", "")]
+        [TestCase(null, null, null)]
+        public void Merging(string original, string merged, string expected)
+        {
+            var originalMessage = new TestWellKnownTypes { StringField = original };
+            var mergingMessage = new TestWellKnownTypes { StringField = merged };
+            originalMessage.MergeFrom(mergingMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, originalMessage.StringField);
+
+            // Try it using MergeFrom(CodedInputStream) too...
+            originalMessage = new TestWellKnownTypes { StringField = original };
+            originalMessage.MergeFrom(mergingMessage.ToByteArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, originalMessage.StringField);
+        }
+
+        // Merging is odd with wrapper types, due to the way that default values aren't emitted in
+        // the binary stream. In fact we cheat a little bit - a message with an explicitly present default
+        // value will have that default value ignored. See issue 615. Fixing this would require significant upheaval to
+        // the FieldCodec side of things.
+        [Test]
+        public void MergingStreamExplicitValue()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = 5 };
+
+            // Create a byte array which has the data of an Int32Value explicitly containing a value of 0.
+            // This wouldn't normally happen.
+            byte[] bytes;
+            var wrapperTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(TestWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var valueTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(Int32Value.ValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                var coded = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+                coded.WriteTag(wrapperTag);
+                coded.WriteLength(2); // valueTag + a value 0, each one byte
+                coded.WriteTag(valueTag);
+                coded.WriteInt32(0);
+                coded.Flush();
+                bytes = stream.ToArray();
+            }
+
+            message.MergeFrom(bytes);
+            // A normal implementation would have 0 now, as the explicit default would have been overwritten the 5.
+            // With the FieldCodec for Nullable<int>, we can't tell the difference between an implicit 0 and an explicit 0.
+            Assert.AreEqual(5, message.Int32Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MergingStreamNoValue()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = 5 };
+
+            // Create a byte array which an Int32 field, but with no value.
+            var bytes = new TestWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = 0 }.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, bytes.Length); // The tag for Int32Field is a single byte, then a byte indicating a 0-length message.
+            message.MergeFrom(bytes);
+
+            // The "implicit" 0 did *not* overwrite the value.
+            // (This is the correct behaviour.)
+            Assert.AreEqual(5, message.Int32Field);
+        }
+
+        // All permutations of origin/merging value being null, zero (default) or non-default.
+        // As this is the in-memory version, we don't need to worry about the difference between implicit and explicit 0.
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(null, null, null)]
+        [TestCase(null, 0, 0)]
+        [TestCase(null, 5, 5)]
+        [TestCase(0, null, 0)]
+        [TestCase(0, 0, 0)]
+        [TestCase(0, 5, 5)]
+        [TestCase(5, null, 5)]
+        [TestCase(5, 0, 5)]
+        [TestCase(5, 10, 10)]
+        public void MergingMessageWithZero(int? originValue, int? mergingValue, int? expectedResult)
+        {
+            // This differs from the MergingStreamCornerCase because when we merge message *objects*,
+            // we ignore default values from the "source".
+            var message1 = new TestWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = originValue };
+            var message2 = new TestWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = mergingValue };
+            message1.MergeFrom(message2);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedResult, message1.Int32Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void UnknownFieldInWrapper()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            var wrapperTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(TestWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var unknownTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(15, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            var valueTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(Int32Value.ValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+
+            output.WriteTag(wrapperTag);
+            output.WriteLength(4); // unknownTag + value 5 + valueType + value 6, each 1 byte
+            output.WriteTag(unknownTag);
+            output.WriteInt32((int) valueTag); // Sneakily "pretend" it's a tag when it's really a value
+            output.WriteTag(valueTag);
+            output.WriteInt32(6);
+
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var message = TestWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(stream);
+            Assert.AreEqual(6, message.Int32Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ClearWithReflection()
+        {
+            // String and Bytes are the tricky ones here, as the CLR type of the property
+            // is the same between the wrapper and non-wrapper types.
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { StringField = "foo" };
+            TestWellKnownTypes.Descriptor.Fields[TestWellKnownTypes.StringFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.StringField);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cab215a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+function run_test() {
+  # Generate test proto files.
+  $1 -Iprotos/src -I../../../src/ --csharp_out=src/Google.Protobuf.Test \
+    --csharp_opt=base_namespace=Google.Protobuf \
+    protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_proto3.proto \
+    protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_proto3.proto \
+    protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto
+
+  $1 -Iprotos/csharp --csharp_out=src/Google.Protobuf.Test \
+    --csharp_opt=base_namespace=UnitTest.Issues \
+    protos/csharp/protos/unittest_issues.proto
+
+  $2 -Iprotos/src --csharp_out=src/Google.Protobuf.Test \
+    --csharp_opt=base_namespace=Google.Protobuf \
+    protos/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto \
+    protos/src/google/protobuf/map_unittest_proto3.proto
+
+  # Build and test.
+  dotnet restore src/Google.Protobuf/Google.Protobuf.csproj
+  dotnet restore src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj
+  dotnet build -c Release src/Google.Protobuf/Google.Protobuf.csproj
+  dotnet build -c Release src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj
+  dotnet run -c Release -f netcoreapp2.1 -p src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj
+}
+
+set -ex
+
+# Change to the script's directory.
+cd $(dirname $0)
+
+# Version of the tests (i.e., the version of protobuf from where we extracted
+# these tests).
+TEST_VERSION=3.0.0
+
+# The old version of protobuf that we are testing compatibility against. This
+# is usually the same as TEST_VERSION (i.e., we use the tests extracted from
+# that version to test compatibility of the newest runtime against it), but it
+# is also possible to use this same test set to test the compatibiilty of the
+# latest version against other versions.
+OLD_VERSION=$1
+OLD_VERSION_PROTOC=https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/google/protobuf/protoc/$OLD_VERSION/protoc-$OLD_VERSION-linux-x86_64.exe
+
+echo "Running compatibility tests with $OLD_VERSION"
+
+# Check protoc
+[ -f ../../../src/protoc ] || {
+  echo "[ERROR]: Please build protoc first."
+  exit 1
+}
+
+# Download old version protoc compiler (for linux).
+wget $OLD_VERSION_PROTOC -O old_protoc
+chmod +x old_protoc
+
+# Test source compatibility. In these tests we recompile everything against
+# the new runtime (including old version generated code).
+# Copy the new runtime and keys.
+cp ../../src/Google.Protobuf src/Google.Protobuf -r
+cp ../../keys . -r
+
+# Test A.1:
+#   proto set 1: use old version
+#   proto set 2 which may import protos in set 1: use old version
+run_test "./old_protoc" "./old_protoc"
+
+# Test A.2:
+#   proto set 1: use new version
+#   proto set 2 which may import protos in set 1: use old version
+run_test "../../../src/protoc" "./old_protoc"
+
+# Test A.3:
+#   proto set 1: use old version
+#   proto set 2 which may import protos in set 1: use new version
+run_test "./old_protoc" "../../../src/protoc"
+
+rm old_protoc
+rm keys -r
+rm src/Google.Protobuf -r
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/generate_protos.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/generate_protos.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e6687c308
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/generate_protos.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Generates C# source files from .proto files.
+# You first need to make sure protoc has been built (see instructions on
+# building protoc in root of this repository)
+
+set -e
+
+# cd to repository root
+pushd $(dirname $0)/..
+
+# Protocol buffer compiler to use. If the PROTOC variable is set,
+# use that. Otherwise, probe for expected locations under both
+# Windows and Unix.
+if [ -z "$PROTOC" ]; then
+  # TODO(jonskeet): Use an array and a for loop instead?
+  if [ -x cmake/build/Debug/protoc.exe ]; then
+    PROTOC=cmake/build/Debug/protoc.exe
+  elif [ -x cmake/build/Release/protoc.exe ]; then
+    PROTOC=cmake/build/Release/protoc.exe
+  elif [ -x src/protoc ]; then
+    PROTOC=src/protoc
+  else
+    echo "Unable to find protocol buffer compiler."
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+# descriptor.proto and well-known types
+$PROTOC -Isrc --csharp_out=csharp/src/Google.Protobuf \
+    --csharp_opt=base_namespace=Google.Protobuf \
+    src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto \
+    src/google/protobuf/any.proto \
+    src/google/protobuf/api.proto \
+    src/google/protobuf/duration.proto \
+    src/google/protobuf/empty.proto \
+    src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto \
+    src/google/protobuf/source_context.proto \
+    src/google/protobuf/struct.proto \
+    src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto \
+    src/google/protobuf/type.proto \
+    src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+# Test protos
+# Note that this deliberately does *not* include old_extensions1.proto
+# and old_extensions2.proto, which are generated with an older version
+# of protoc.
+$PROTOC -Isrc -Icsharp/protos \
+    --csharp_out=csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos \
+    --descriptor_set_out=csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/testprotos.pb \
+    --include_source_info \
+    --include_imports \
+    csharp/protos/map_unittest_proto3.proto \
+    csharp/protos/unittest_issues.proto \
+    csharp/protos/unittest_custom_options_proto3.proto \
+    csharp/protos/unittest_proto3.proto \
+    csharp/protos/unittest_import_proto3.proto \
+    csharp/protos/unittest_import_public_proto3.proto \
+    csharp/protos/unittest.proto \
+    csharp/protos/unittest_import.proto \
+    csharp/protos/unittest_import_public.proto \
+    csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_a.proto \
+    csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_b.proto \
+    csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_c.proto \
+    src/google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto \
+    src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.proto \
+    src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto
+
+# AddressBook sample protos
+$PROTOC -Iexamples -Isrc --csharp_out=csharp/src/AddressBook \
+    examples/addressbook.proto
+
+$PROTOC -Iconformance -Isrc --csharp_out=csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance \
+    conformance/conformance.proto
+
+# Benchmark protos
+$PROTOC -Ibenchmarks \
+  benchmarks/datasets/google_message1/proto3/*.proto \
+  benchmarks/benchmarks.proto \
+  --csharp_out=csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks
+
+# C# only benchmark protos
+$PROTOC -Isrc -Icsharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks \
+  csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/*.proto \
+  --csharp_out=csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/install_dotnet_sdk.ps1 b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/install_dotnet_sdk.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4132ab31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/install_dotnet_sdk.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env powershell
+# Install dotnet SDK based on the SDK version from global.json
+
+Set-StrictMode -Version 2
+$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
+
+# avoid "Unknown error on a send" in Invoke-WebRequest
+[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
+
+$InstallScriptUrl = 'https://dot.net/v1/dotnet-install.ps1'
+$InstallScriptPath = Join-Path  "$env:TEMP" 'dotnet-install.ps1'
+$GlobalJsonPath = Join-Path $PSScriptRoot '..' | Join-Path -ChildPath 'global.json'
+
+# Resolve SDK version from global.json file
+$GlobalJson = Get-Content -Raw $GlobalJsonPath | ConvertFrom-Json
+$SDKVersion = $GlobalJson.sdk.version
+
+# Download install script
+Write-Host "Downloading install script: $InstallScriptUrl => $InstallScriptPath"
+Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $InstallScriptUrl -OutFile $InstallScriptPath
+&$InstallScriptPath -Version $SDKVersion
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/keys/Google.Protobuf.public.snk b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/keys/Google.Protobuf.public.snk
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59cd36985
Binary files /dev/null and b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/keys/Google.Protobuf.public.snk differ
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/keys/Google.Protobuf.snk b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/keys/Google.Protobuf.snk
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7515443ca
Binary files /dev/null and b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/keys/Google.Protobuf.snk differ
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/keys/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/keys/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ede673573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/keys/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Contents
+--------
+
+- Google.Protobuf.public.snk:
+  Public key to verify strong name of Google.Protobuf assemblies.
+- Google.Protobuf.snk:
+  Signing key to provide strong name of Google.Protobuf assemblies.
+  As per [Microsoft guidance](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/wd40t7ad(v=vs.110).aspx)
+  signing key should be checked into the repository.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bdd66fcf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+This directory contains unit test protos adapted from those in
+src/google/protobuf, and C#-specific test protos for regression
+tests against bugs found in the C# codegen or library.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/map_unittest_proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/map_unittest_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e43e858bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/map_unittest_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file is mostly equivalent to map_unittest.proto, but imports
+// unittest_proto3.proto instead of unittest.proto, so that it only
+// uses proto3 messages. This makes it suitable for testing
+// implementations which only support proto3.
+// The TestRequiredMessageMap message has been removed as there are no
+// required fields in proto3.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+
+import "unittest_proto3.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest3;
+
+// Tests maps.
+message TestMap {
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 1;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 2;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 3;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 4;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 5;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 6;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 7;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 10;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 11;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 12;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 13;
+  map<string  , string  > map_string_string     = 14;
+  map<int32   , bytes   > map_int32_bytes       = 15;
+  map<int32   , MapEnum > map_int32_enum        = 16;
+  map<int32   , ForeignMessage> map_int32_foreign_message = 17;
+}
+
+message TestMapSubmessage {
+  TestMap test_map = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMessageMap {
+  map<int32, TestAllTypes> map_int32_message = 1;
+}
+
+// Two map fields share the same entry default instance.
+message TestSameTypeMap {
+  map<int32, int32> map1 = 1;
+  map<int32, int32> map2 = 2;
+}
+
+enum MapEnum {
+  MAP_ENUM_FOO = 0;
+  MAP_ENUM_BAR = 1;
+  MAP_ENUM_BAZ = 2;
+}
+
+message TestArenaMap {
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 1;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 2;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 3;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 4;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 5;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 6;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 7;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 10;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 11;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 12;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 13;
+  map<int32   , MapEnum > map_int32_enum        = 14;
+  map<int32   , ForeignMessage> map_int32_foreign_message = 15;
+}
+
+// Previously, message containing enum called Type cannot be used as value of
+// map field.
+message MessageContainingEnumCalledType {
+  enum Type {
+    TYPE_FOO = 0;
+  }
+  map<int32, MessageContainingEnumCalledType> type = 1;
+}
+
+// Previously, message cannot contain map field called "entry".
+message MessageContainingMapCalledEntry {
+  map<int32, int32> entry = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/old_extensions1.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/old_extensions1.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58f6eb580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/old_extensions1.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file we will use for unit testing.
+//
+// LINT: ALLOW_GROUPS, LEGACY_NAMES
+
+// This file is part of the unit test for issue #6822. It is
+// generated with protoc from version 3.10.1.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+// Import the proto file containing the extension. We don't use it,
+// but the import is what caused the issue.
+import "old_extensions2.proto";
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.OldGenerator";
+
+// We don't use this message other than to get its descriptor.
+message TestMessage {
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/old_extensions2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/old_extensions2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78f732a8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/old_extensions2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file we will use for unit testing.
+//
+// LINT: ALLOW_GROUPS, LEGACY_NAMES
+
+// This file is part of the unit test for issue #6822. It is
+// generated with protoc from version 3.10.1.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.OldGenerator";
+
+extend google.protobuf.MethodOptions {
+  string method_ext = 1234567;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f47c7bf00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,1113 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file we will use for unit testing.
+//
+// LINT: ALLOW_GROUPS, LEGACY_NAMES
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+import "unittest_import.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest_proto2;
+
+// Protos optimized for SPEED use a strict superset of the generated code
+// of equivalent ones optimized for CODE_SIZE, so we should optimize all our
+// tests for speed unless explicitly testing code size optimization.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2";
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    optional int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+    NEG = -1;  // Intentionally negative.
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage                        optional_nested_message  = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import_proto2.ImportMessage optional_import_message  = 20;
+
+  optional NestedEnum                           optional_nested_enum     = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import_proto2.ImportEnum    optional_import_enum     = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import_proto2.PublicImportMessage
+      optional_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  optional NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated NestedMessage                        repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import_proto2.ImportMessage repeated_import_message  = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum                           repeated_nested_enum     = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import_proto2.ImportEnum    repeated_import_enum     = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32 = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64 = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional NestedEnum  default_nested_enum  = 81 [default = BAR        ];
+  optional ForeignEnum default_foreign_enum = 82 [default = FOREIGN_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import_proto2.ImportEnum
+      default_import_enum = 83 [default = IMPORT_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord = 85 [ctype=CORD,default="123"];
+
+  // For oneof test
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+}
+
+// This proto includes a recusively nested message.
+message NestedTestAllTypes {
+  optional NestedTestAllTypes child = 1;
+  optional TestAllTypes payload = 2;
+  repeated NestedTestAllTypes repeated_child = 3;
+}
+
+message TestDeprecatedFields {
+  optional int32 deprecated_int32 = 1 [deprecated=true];
+  oneof oneof_fields {
+    int32 deprecated_int32_in_oneof = 2 [deprecated=true];
+  }
+}
+
+message TestDeprecatedMessage {
+  option deprecated = true;
+}
+
+// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+// that.
+message ForeignMessage {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+  optional int32 d = 2;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+message TestReservedFields {
+  reserved 2, 15, 9 to 11;
+  reserved "bar", "baz";
+}
+
+message TestAllExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensions {
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32_extension    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64_extension    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32_extension   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64_extension   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32_extension   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64_extension   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32_extension  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64_extension  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32_extension =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64_extension = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float_extension    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double_extension   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool_extension     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string_extension   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes_extension    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup_extension = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage optional_nested_message_extension = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessage optional_foreign_message_extension = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import_proto2.ImportMessage
+    optional_import_message_extension = 20;
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedEnum optional_nested_enum_extension = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnum optional_foreign_enum_extension = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import_proto2.ImportEnum
+    optional_import_enum_extension = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece_extension = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord_extension = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import_proto2.PublicImportMessage
+    optional_public_import_message_extension = 26;
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage
+    optional_lazy_message_extension = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32_extension    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64_extension    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32_extension   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64_extension   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32_extension   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64_extension   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32_extension  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64_extension  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32_extension = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64_extension = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float_extension    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double_extension   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool_extension     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string_extension   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes_extension    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup_extension = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedMessage repeated_nested_message_extension = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage repeated_foreign_message_extension = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import_proto2.ImportMessage
+    repeated_import_message_extension = 50;
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum_extension = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum repeated_foreign_enum_extension = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import_proto2.ImportEnum
+    repeated_import_enum_extension = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece_extension = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord_extension = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedMessage
+    repeated_lazy_message_extension = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32_extension    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64_extension    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32_extension   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64_extension   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32_extension   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64_extension   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32_extension  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64_extension  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32_extension = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64_extension = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float_extension    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double_extension   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool_extension     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string_extension   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes_extension    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedEnum
+    default_nested_enum_extension = 81 [default = BAR];
+  optional ForeignEnum
+    default_foreign_enum_extension = 82 [default = FOREIGN_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import_proto2.ImportEnum
+    default_import_enum_extension = 83 [default = IMPORT_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece_extension = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,
+                                                       default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord_extension = 85 [ctype=CORD, default="123"];
+
+  // For oneof test
+  optional uint32 oneof_uint32_extension = 111;
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage oneof_nested_message_extension = 112;
+  optional string oneof_string_extension = 113;
+  optional bytes oneof_bytes_extension = 114;
+}
+
+message TestGroup {
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+  optional ForeignEnum optional_foreign_enum = 22;
+}
+
+message TestGroupExtension {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message TestNestedExtension {
+  extend TestAllExtensions {
+    // Check for bug where string extensions declared in tested scope did not
+    // compile.
+    optional string test = 1002 [default="test"];
+    // Used to test if generated extension name is correct when there are
+    // underscores.
+    optional string nested_string_extension = 1003;
+  }
+
+  extend TestGroupExtension {
+    optional group OptionalGroup_extension = 16 {
+      optional int32 a = 17;
+    }
+    optional ForeignEnum optional_foreign_enum_extension = 22;
+  }
+}
+
+// We have separate messages for testing required fields because it's
+// annoying to have to fill in required fields in TestProto in order to
+// do anything with it.  Note that we don't need to test every type of
+// required filed because the code output is basically identical to
+// optional fields for all types.
+message TestRequired {
+  required int32 a = 1;
+  optional int32 dummy2 = 2;
+  required int32 b = 3;
+
+  extend TestAllExtensions {
+    optional TestRequired single = 1000;
+    repeated TestRequired multi  = 1001;
+  }
+
+  // Pad the field count to 32 so that we can test that IsInitialized()
+  // properly checks multiple elements of has_bits_.
+  optional int32 dummy4  =  4;
+  optional int32 dummy5  =  5;
+  optional int32 dummy6  =  6;
+  optional int32 dummy7  =  7;
+  optional int32 dummy8  =  8;
+  optional int32 dummy9  =  9;
+  optional int32 dummy10 = 10;
+  optional int32 dummy11 = 11;
+  optional int32 dummy12 = 12;
+  optional int32 dummy13 = 13;
+  optional int32 dummy14 = 14;
+  optional int32 dummy15 = 15;
+  optional int32 dummy16 = 16;
+  optional int32 dummy17 = 17;
+  optional int32 dummy18 = 18;
+  optional int32 dummy19 = 19;
+  optional int32 dummy20 = 20;
+  optional int32 dummy21 = 21;
+  optional int32 dummy22 = 22;
+  optional int32 dummy23 = 23;
+  optional int32 dummy24 = 24;
+  optional int32 dummy25 = 25;
+  optional int32 dummy26 = 26;
+  optional int32 dummy27 = 27;
+  optional int32 dummy28 = 28;
+  optional int32 dummy29 = 29;
+  optional int32 dummy30 = 30;
+  optional int32 dummy31 = 31;
+  optional int32 dummy32 = 32;
+
+  required int32 c = 33;
+}
+
+message TestRequiredForeign {
+  optional TestRequired optional_message = 1;
+  repeated TestRequired repeated_message = 2;
+  optional int32 dummy = 3;
+}
+
+message TestRequiredMessage {
+  optional TestRequired optional_message = 1;
+  repeated TestRequired repeated_message = 2;
+  required TestRequired required_message = 3;
+}
+
+// Test that we can use NestedMessage from outside TestAllTypes.
+message TestForeignNested {
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage foreign_nested = 1;
+}
+
+// TestEmptyMessage is used to test unknown field support.
+message TestEmptyMessage {
+}
+
+// Like above, but declare all field numbers as potential extensions.  No
+// actual extensions should ever be defined for this type.
+message TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message TestMultipleExtensionRanges {
+  extensions 42;
+  extensions 4143 to 4243;
+  extensions 65536 to max;
+}
+
+// Test that really large tag numbers don't break anything.
+message TestReallyLargeTagNumber {
+  // The largest possible tag number is 2^28 - 1, since the wire format uses
+  // three bits to communicate wire type.
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional int32 bb = 268435455;
+}
+
+message TestRecursiveMessage {
+  optional TestRecursiveMessage a = 1;
+  optional int32 i = 2;
+}
+
+// Test that mutual recursion works.
+message TestMutualRecursionA {
+  message SubMessage {
+    optional TestMutualRecursionB b = 1;
+  }
+  optional TestMutualRecursionB bb = 1;
+  optional group SubGroup = 2 {
+    optional SubMessage sub_message = 3;  // Needed because of bug in javatest
+    optional TestAllTypes not_in_this_scc = 4;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestMutualRecursionB {
+  optional TestMutualRecursionA a = 1;
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 2;
+}
+
+message TestIsInitialized {
+  message SubMessage {
+    optional group SubGroup = 1 {
+      required int32 i = 2;
+    }
+  }
+  optional SubMessage sub_message = 1;
+}
+
+// Test that groups have disjoint field numbers from their siblings and
+// parents.  This is NOT possible in proto1; only google.protobuf.  When attempting
+// to compile with proto1, this will emit an error; so we only include it
+// in protobuf_unittest_proto.
+message TestDupFieldNumber {                        // NO_PROTO1
+  optional int32 a = 1;                             // NO_PROTO1
+  optional group Foo = 2 { optional int32 a = 1; }  // NO_PROTO1
+  optional group Bar = 3 { optional int32 a = 1; }  // NO_PROTO1
+}                                                   // NO_PROTO1
+
+// Additional messages for testing lazy fields.
+message TestEagerMessage {
+  optional TestAllTypes sub_message = 1 [lazy=false];
+}
+message TestLazyMessage {
+  optional TestAllTypes sub_message = 1 [lazy=true];
+}
+
+// Needed for a Python test.
+message TestNestedMessageHasBits {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    repeated int32 nestedmessage_repeated_int32 = 1;
+    repeated ForeignMessage nestedmessage_repeated_foreignmessage = 2;
+  }
+  optional NestedMessage optional_nested_message = 1;
+}
+
+
+// Test an enum that has multiple values with the same number.
+enum TestEnumWithDupValue {
+  option allow_alias = true;
+
+  FOO1 = 1;
+  BAR1 = 2;
+  BAZ = 3;
+  FOO2 = 1;
+  BAR2 = 2;
+}
+
+// Test an enum with large, unordered values.
+enum TestSparseEnum {
+  SPARSE_A = 123;
+  SPARSE_B = 62374;
+  SPARSE_C = 12589234;
+  SPARSE_D = -15;
+  SPARSE_E = -53452;
+  SPARSE_F = 0;
+  SPARSE_G = 2;
+}
+
+// Test message with CamelCase field names.  This violates Protocol Buffer
+// standard style.
+message TestCamelCaseFieldNames {
+  optional int32 PrimitiveField = 1;
+  optional string StringField = 2;
+  optional ForeignEnum EnumField = 3;
+  optional ForeignMessage MessageField = 4;
+  optional string StringPieceField = 5 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string CordField = 6 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated int32 RepeatedPrimitiveField = 7;
+  repeated string RepeatedStringField = 8;
+  repeated ForeignEnum RepeatedEnumField = 9;
+  repeated ForeignMessage RepeatedMessageField = 10;
+  repeated string RepeatedStringPieceField = 11 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string RepeatedCordField = 12 [ctype=CORD];
+}
+
+
+// We list fields out of order, to ensure that we're using field number and not
+// field index to determine serialization order.
+message TestFieldOrderings {
+  optional string my_string = 11;
+  extensions 2 to 10;
+  optional int64 my_int = 1;
+  extensions 12 to 100;
+  optional float my_float = 101;
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int64 oo = 2;
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    optional int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage optional_nested_message  = 200;
+}
+
+extend TestFieldOrderings {
+  optional string my_extension_string = 50;
+  optional int32 my_extension_int = 5;
+}
+
+message TestExtensionOrderings1 {
+  extend TestFieldOrderings {
+    optional TestExtensionOrderings1 test_ext_orderings1 = 13;
+  }
+  optional string my_string = 1;
+}
+
+message TestExtensionOrderings2 {
+  extend TestFieldOrderings {
+    optional TestExtensionOrderings2 test_ext_orderings2 = 12;
+  }
+  message TestExtensionOrderings3 {
+    extend TestFieldOrderings {
+      optional TestExtensionOrderings3 test_ext_orderings3 = 14;
+    }
+    optional string my_string = 1;
+  }
+  optional string my_string = 1;
+}
+
+message TestExtremeDefaultValues {
+  optional bytes escaped_bytes = 1 [default = "\0\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'\"\xfe"];
+  optional uint32 large_uint32 = 2 [default = 0xFFFFFFFF];
+  optional uint64 large_uint64 = 3 [default = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF];
+  optional  int32 small_int32  = 4 [default = -0x7FFFFFFF];
+  optional  int64 small_int64  = 5 [default = -0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF];
+  optional  int32 really_small_int32 = 21 [default = -0x80000000];
+  optional  int64 really_small_int64 = 22 [default = -0x8000000000000000];
+
+  // The default value here is UTF-8 for "\u1234".  (We could also just type
+  // the UTF-8 text directly into this text file rather than escape it, but
+  // lots of people use editors that would be confused by this.)
+  optional string utf8_string = 6 [default = "\341\210\264"];
+
+  // Tests for single-precision floating-point values.
+  optional float zero_float = 7 [default = 0];
+  optional float one_float = 8 [default = 1];
+  optional float small_float = 9 [default = 1.5];
+  optional float negative_one_float = 10 [default = -1];
+  optional float negative_float = 11 [default = -1.5];
+  // Using exponents
+  optional float large_float = 12 [default = 2E8];
+  optional float small_negative_float = 13 [default = -8e-28];
+
+  // Text for nonfinite floating-point values.
+  optional double inf_double = 14 [default = inf];
+  optional double neg_inf_double = 15 [default = -inf];
+  optional double nan_double = 16 [default = nan];
+  optional float inf_float = 17 [default = inf];
+  optional float neg_inf_float = 18 [default = -inf];
+  optional float nan_float = 19 [default = nan];
+
+  // Tests for C++ trigraphs.
+  // Trigraphs should be escaped in C++ generated files, but they should not be
+  // escaped for other languages.
+  // Note that in .proto file, "\?" is a valid way to escape ? in string
+  // literals.
+  optional string cpp_trigraph = 20 [default = "? \? ?? \?? \??? ??/ ?\?-"];
+
+  // String defaults containing the character '\000'
+  optional string string_with_zero       = 23 [default = "hel\000lo"];
+  optional  bytes bytes_with_zero        = 24 [default = "wor\000ld"];
+  optional string string_piece_with_zero = 25 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,
+                                               default="ab\000c"];
+  optional string cord_with_zero         = 26 [ctype=CORD,
+                                               default="12\0003"];
+  optional string replacement_string     = 27 [default="${unknown}"];
+}
+
+message SparseEnumMessage {
+  optional TestSparseEnum sparse_enum = 1;
+}
+
+// Test String and Bytes: string is for valid UTF-8 strings
+message OneString {
+  optional string data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreString {
+  repeated string data = 1;
+}
+
+message OneBytes {
+  optional bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreBytes {
+  repeated bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+// Test int32, uint32, int64, uint64, and bool are all compatible
+message Int32Message {
+  optional int32 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Uint32Message {
+  optional uint32 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Int64Message {
+  optional int64 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Uint64Message {
+  optional uint64 data = 1;
+}
+
+message BoolMessage {
+  optional bool data = 1;
+}
+
+// Test oneofs.
+message TestOneof {
+  oneof foo {
+    int32 foo_int = 1;
+    string foo_string = 2;
+    TestAllTypes foo_message = 3;
+    group FooGroup = 4 {
+      optional int32 a = 5;
+      optional string b = 6;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+message TestOneofBackwardsCompatible {
+  optional int32 foo_int = 1;
+  optional string foo_string = 2;
+  optional TestAllTypes foo_message = 3;
+  optional group FooGroup = 4 {
+    optional int32 a = 5;
+    optional string b = 6;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestOneof2 {
+  oneof foo {
+    int32 foo_int = 1;
+    string foo_string = 2;
+    string foo_cord = 3 [ctype=CORD];
+    string foo_string_piece = 4 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+    bytes foo_bytes = 5;
+    NestedEnum foo_enum = 6;
+    NestedMessage foo_message = 7;
+    group FooGroup = 8 {
+      optional int32 a = 9;
+      optional string b = 10;
+    }
+    NestedMessage foo_lazy_message = 11 [lazy=true];
+  }
+
+  oneof bar {
+    int32 bar_int = 12 [default = 5];
+    string bar_string = 13 [default = "STRING"];
+    string bar_cord = 14 [ctype=CORD, default = "CORD"];
+    string bar_string_piece = 15 [ctype=STRING_PIECE, default = "SPIECE"];
+    bytes bar_bytes = 16 [default = "BYTES"];
+    NestedEnum bar_enum = 17 [default = BAR];
+  }
+
+  optional int32 baz_int = 18;
+  optional string baz_string = 19 [default = "BAZ"];
+
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int64 qux_int = 1;
+    repeated int32 corge_int = 2;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestRequiredOneof {
+  oneof foo {
+    int32 foo_int = 1;
+    string foo_string = 2;
+    NestedMessage foo_message = 3;
+  }
+  message NestedMessage {
+    required double required_double = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestRequiredMap {
+  map<int32, NestedMessage> foo = 1;
+  message NestedMessage {
+    required int32 required_int32 = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+// Test messages for packed fields
+
+message TestPackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// A message with the same fields as TestPackedTypes, but without packing. Used
+// to test packed <-> unpacked wire compatibility.
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 unpacked_int32    =  90 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 unpacked_int64    =  91 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 unpacked_uint32   =  92 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 unpacked_uint64   =  93 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 unpacked_sint32   =  94 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 unpacked_sint64   =  95 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 unpacked_fixed32  =  96 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 unpacked_fixed64  =  97 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 unpacked_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 unpacked_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float unpacked_float    = 100 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double unpacked_double   = 101 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool unpacked_bool     = 102 [packed = false];
+  repeated ForeignEnum unpacked_enum  = 103 [packed = false];
+}
+
+message TestPackedExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestPackedExtensions {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32_extension    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64_extension    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32_extension   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64_extension   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32_extension   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64_extension   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32_extension  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64_extension  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32_extension =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64_extension =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float_extension    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double_extension   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool_extension     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum_extension  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestUnpackedExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestUnpackedExtensions {
+  repeated    int32 unpacked_int32_extension    =  90 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 unpacked_int64_extension    =  91 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 unpacked_uint32_extension   =  92 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 unpacked_uint64_extension   =  93 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 unpacked_sint32_extension   =  94 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 unpacked_sint64_extension   =  95 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 unpacked_fixed32_extension  =  96 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 unpacked_fixed64_extension  =  97 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 unpacked_sfixed32_extension =  98 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 unpacked_sfixed64_extension =  99 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float unpacked_float_extension    = 100 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double unpacked_double_extension   = 101 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool unpacked_bool_extension     = 102 [packed = false];
+  repeated ForeignEnum unpacked_enum_extension  = 103 [packed = false];
+}
+
+// Used by ExtensionSetTest/DynamicExtensions.  The test actually builds
+// a set of extensions to TestAllExtensions dynamically, based on the fields
+// of this message type.
+message TestDynamicExtensions {
+  enum DynamicEnumType {
+    DYNAMIC_FOO = 2200;
+    DYNAMIC_BAR = 2201;
+    DYNAMIC_BAZ = 2202;
+  }
+  message DynamicMessageType {
+    optional int32 dynamic_field = 2100;
+  }
+
+  optional fixed32 scalar_extension = 2000;
+  optional ForeignEnum enum_extension = 2001;
+  optional DynamicEnumType dynamic_enum_extension = 2002;
+
+  optional ForeignMessage message_extension = 2003;
+  optional DynamicMessageType dynamic_message_extension = 2004;
+
+  repeated string repeated_extension = 2005;
+  repeated sint32 packed_extension = 2006 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes {
+  // Parsing repeated fixed size values used to fail. This message needs to be
+  // used in order to get a tag of the right size; all of the repeated fields
+  // in TestAllTypes didn't trigger the check.
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 12;
+  // Check for a varint type, just for good measure.
+  repeated int32   repeated_int32   = 13;
+
+  // These have two-byte tags.
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 2046;
+  repeated int64   repeated_int64   = 2047;
+
+  // Three byte tags.
+  repeated float   repeated_float   = 262142;
+  repeated uint64  repeated_uint64  = 262143;
+}
+
+// Test that if an optional or required message/group field appears multiple
+// times in the input, they need to be merged.
+message TestParsingMerge {
+  // RepeatedFieldsGenerator defines matching field types as TestParsingMerge,
+  // except that all fields are repeated. In the tests, we will serialize the
+  // RepeatedFieldsGenerator to bytes, and parse the bytes to TestParsingMerge.
+  // Repeated fields in RepeatedFieldsGenerator are expected to be merged into
+  // the corresponding required/optional fields in TestParsingMerge.
+  message RepeatedFieldsGenerator {
+    repeated TestAllTypes field1 = 1;
+    repeated TestAllTypes field2 = 2;
+    repeated TestAllTypes field3 = 3;
+    repeated group Group1 = 10 {
+      optional TestAllTypes field1 = 11;
+    }
+    repeated group Group2 = 20 {
+      optional TestAllTypes field1 = 21;
+    }
+    repeated TestAllTypes ext1 = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypes ext2 = 1001;
+  }
+  required TestAllTypes required_all_types = 1;
+  optional TestAllTypes optional_all_types = 2;
+  repeated TestAllTypes repeated_all_types = 3;
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 10 {
+    optional TestAllTypes optional_group_all_types = 11;
+  }
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 20 {
+    optional TestAllTypes repeated_group_all_types = 21;
+  }
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+  extend TestParsingMerge {
+    optional TestAllTypes optional_ext = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypes repeated_ext = 1001;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestCommentInjectionMessage {
+  // */ <- This should not close the generated doc comment
+  optional string a = 1 [default="*/ <- Neither should this."];
+}
+
+
+// Test that RPC services work.
+message FooRequest  {}
+message FooResponse {}
+
+message FooClientMessage {}
+message FooServerMessage{}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Foo(FooRequest) returns (FooResponse);
+  rpc Bar(BarRequest) returns (BarResponse);
+}
+
+
+message BarRequest  {}
+message BarResponse {}
+
+message TestJsonName {
+  optional int32 field_name1 = 1;
+  optional int32 fieldName2 = 2;
+  optional int32 FieldName3 = 3;
+  optional int32 _field_name4 = 4;
+  optional int32 FIELD_NAME5 = 5;
+  optional int32 field_name6 = 6 [json_name = "@type"];
+}
+
+message TestHugeFieldNumbers {
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 536870000;
+  optional int32 fixed_32 = 536870001;
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 536870002 [packed = false];
+  repeated int32 packed_int32 = 536870003 [packed = true];
+
+  optional ForeignEnum optional_enum = 536870004;
+  optional string optional_string = 536870005;
+  optional bytes optional_bytes = 536870006;
+  optional ForeignMessage optional_message = 536870007;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 536870008 {
+    optional int32 group_a = 536870009;
+  }
+
+  map<string, string> string_string_map = 536870010;
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 536870011;
+    TestAllTypes oneof_test_all_types = 536870012;
+    string oneof_string = 536870013;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 536870014;
+  }
+
+  extensions  536860000 to 536869999;
+}
+
+extend TestHugeFieldNumbers {
+  optional TestAllTypes test_all_types = 536860000;
+}
+
+message TestExtensionInsideTable {
+  optional int32 field1 = 1;
+  optional int32 field2 = 2;
+  optional int32 field3 = 3;
+  optional int32 field4 = 4;
+  extensions 5 to 5;
+  optional int32 field6 = 6;
+  optional int32 field7 = 7;
+  optional int32 field8 = 8;
+  optional int32 field9 = 9;
+  optional int32 field10 = 10;
+}
+
+extend TestExtensionInsideTable {
+  optional int32 test_extension_inside_table_extension = 5;
+}
+
+enum VeryLargeEnum {
+  ENUM_LABEL_DEFAULT = 0;
+  ENUM_LABEL_1 = 1;
+  ENUM_LABEL_2 = 2;
+  ENUM_LABEL_3 = 3;
+  ENUM_LABEL_4 = 4;
+  ENUM_LABEL_5 = 5;
+  ENUM_LABEL_6 = 6;
+  ENUM_LABEL_7 = 7;
+  ENUM_LABEL_8 = 8;
+  ENUM_LABEL_9 = 9;
+  ENUM_LABEL_10 = 10;
+  ENUM_LABEL_11 = 11;
+  ENUM_LABEL_12 = 12;
+  ENUM_LABEL_13 = 13;
+  ENUM_LABEL_14 = 14;
+  ENUM_LABEL_15 = 15;
+  ENUM_LABEL_16 = 16;
+  ENUM_LABEL_17 = 17;
+  ENUM_LABEL_18 = 18;
+  ENUM_LABEL_19 = 19;
+  ENUM_LABEL_20 = 20;
+  ENUM_LABEL_21 = 21;
+  ENUM_LABEL_22 = 22;
+  ENUM_LABEL_23 = 23;
+  ENUM_LABEL_24 = 24;
+  ENUM_LABEL_25 = 25;
+  ENUM_LABEL_26 = 26;
+  ENUM_LABEL_27 = 27;
+  ENUM_LABEL_28 = 28;
+  ENUM_LABEL_29 = 29;
+  ENUM_LABEL_30 = 30;
+  ENUM_LABEL_31 = 31;
+  ENUM_LABEL_32 = 32;
+  ENUM_LABEL_33 = 33;
+  ENUM_LABEL_34 = 34;
+  ENUM_LABEL_35 = 35;
+  ENUM_LABEL_36 = 36;
+  ENUM_LABEL_37 = 37;
+  ENUM_LABEL_38 = 38;
+  ENUM_LABEL_39 = 39;
+  ENUM_LABEL_40 = 40;
+  ENUM_LABEL_41 = 41;
+  ENUM_LABEL_42 = 42;
+  ENUM_LABEL_43 = 43;
+  ENUM_LABEL_44 = 44;
+  ENUM_LABEL_45 = 45;
+  ENUM_LABEL_46 = 46;
+  ENUM_LABEL_47 = 47;
+  ENUM_LABEL_48 = 48;
+  ENUM_LABEL_49 = 49;
+  ENUM_LABEL_50 = 50;
+  ENUM_LABEL_51 = 51;
+  ENUM_LABEL_52 = 52;
+  ENUM_LABEL_53 = 53;
+  ENUM_LABEL_54 = 54;
+  ENUM_LABEL_55 = 55;
+  ENUM_LABEL_56 = 56;
+  ENUM_LABEL_57 = 57;
+  ENUM_LABEL_58 = 58;
+  ENUM_LABEL_59 = 59;
+  ENUM_LABEL_60 = 60;
+  ENUM_LABEL_61 = 61;
+  ENUM_LABEL_62 = 62;
+  ENUM_LABEL_63 = 63;
+  ENUM_LABEL_64 = 64;
+  ENUM_LABEL_65 = 65;
+  ENUM_LABEL_66 = 66;
+  ENUM_LABEL_67 = 67;
+  ENUM_LABEL_68 = 68;
+  ENUM_LABEL_69 = 69;
+  ENUM_LABEL_70 = 70;
+  ENUM_LABEL_71 = 71;
+  ENUM_LABEL_72 = 72;
+  ENUM_LABEL_73 = 73;
+  ENUM_LABEL_74 = 74;
+  ENUM_LABEL_75 = 75;
+  ENUM_LABEL_76 = 76;
+  ENUM_LABEL_77 = 77;
+  ENUM_LABEL_78 = 78;
+  ENUM_LABEL_79 = 79;
+  ENUM_LABEL_80 = 80;
+  ENUM_LABEL_81 = 81;
+  ENUM_LABEL_82 = 82;
+  ENUM_LABEL_83 = 83;
+  ENUM_LABEL_84 = 84;
+  ENUM_LABEL_85 = 85;
+  ENUM_LABEL_86 = 86;
+  ENUM_LABEL_87 = 87;
+  ENUM_LABEL_88 = 88;
+  ENUM_LABEL_89 = 89;
+  ENUM_LABEL_90 = 90;
+  ENUM_LABEL_91 = 91;
+  ENUM_LABEL_92 = 92;
+  ENUM_LABEL_93 = 93;
+  ENUM_LABEL_94 = 94;
+  ENUM_LABEL_95 = 95;
+  ENUM_LABEL_96 = 96;
+  ENUM_LABEL_97 = 97;
+  ENUM_LABEL_98 = 98;
+  ENUM_LABEL_99 = 99;
+  ENUM_LABEL_100 = 100;
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_custom_options_proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_custom_options_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87bd0f7a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_custom_options_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: benjy@google.com (Benjy Weinberger)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file used to test the "custom options" feature of google.protobuf.
+
+// This file is based on unittest_custom_options.proto in
+// src/google/protobuf, but is modified for proto3. It could
+// potentially be moved into src/google/protobuf, but currently C#
+// is the only language that really needs it, as we don't support
+// proto2 syntax. It's cut down significantly as proto3 only supports
+// extensions for options.
+
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+// A custom file option (defined below).
+option (file_opt1) = 9876543210;
+
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+package protobuf_unittest;
+option csharp_namespace = "UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos";
+
+// Some simple test custom options of various types.
+
+extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+  uint64 file_opt1 = 7736974;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  int32 message_opt1 = 7739036;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
+  fixed64 field_opt1 = 7740936;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.OneofOptions {
+  int32 oneof_opt1 = 7740111;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.EnumOptions {
+  sfixed32 enum_opt1 = 7753576;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions {
+  int32 enum_value_opt1 = 1560678;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.ServiceOptions {
+  sint64 service_opt1 = 7887650;
+}
+
+enum MethodOpt1 {
+  METHODOPT1_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  METHODOPT1_VAL1 = 1;
+  METHODOPT1_VAL2 = 2;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MethodOptions {
+  MethodOpt1 method_opt1 = 7890860;
+}
+
+// A test message with custom options at all possible locations (and also some
+// regular options, to make sure they interact nicely).
+message TestMessageWithCustomOptions {
+  option message_set_wire_format = false;
+
+  option (message_opt1) = -56;
+
+  string field1 = 1 [ctype=CORD,
+                              (field_opt1)=8765432109];
+
+  oneof AnOneof {
+    option (oneof_opt1) = -99;
+    int32 oneof_field = 2;
+  }
+
+  enum AnEnum {
+    option (enum_opt1) = -789;
+    ANENUM_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+    ANENUM_VAL1 = 1;
+    ANENUM_VAL2 = 2 [(enum_value_opt1) = 123];
+  }
+}
+
+
+// A test RPC service with custom options at all possible locations (and also
+// some regular options, to make sure they interact nicely).
+message CustomOptionFooRequest {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooResponse {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooClientMessage {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooServerMessage {
+}
+
+service TestServiceWithCustomOptions {
+  option (service_opt1) = -9876543210;
+
+  rpc Foo(CustomOptionFooRequest) returns (CustomOptionFooResponse) {
+    option (method_opt1) = METHODOPT1_VAL2;
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+// Options of every possible field type, so we can test them all exhaustively.
+
+message DummyMessageContainingEnum {
+  enum TestEnumType {
+    TEST_OPTION_ENUM_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+    TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE1 = 22;
+    TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE2 = -23;
+  }
+}
+
+message DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType {
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+          bool     bool_opt = 7706090;
+         int32    int32_opt = 7705709;
+         int64    int64_opt = 7705542;
+        uint32   uint32_opt = 7704880;
+        uint64   uint64_opt = 7702367;
+        sint32   sint32_opt = 7701568;
+        sint64   sint64_opt = 7700863;
+       fixed32  fixed32_opt = 7700307;
+       fixed64  fixed64_opt = 7700194;
+      sfixed32 sfixed32_opt = 7698645;
+      sfixed64 sfixed64_opt = 7685475;
+         float    float_opt = 7675390;
+        double   double_opt = 7673293;
+        string   string_opt = 7673285;
+         bytes    bytes_opt = 7673238;
+  DummyMessageContainingEnum.TestEnumType enum_opt = 7673233;
+  DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType message_type_opt = 7665967;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionMinIntegerValues {
+  option     (bool_opt) = false;
+  option    (int32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option    (int64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+  option   (uint32_opt) = 0;
+  option   (uint64_opt) = 0;
+  option   (sint32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option   (sint64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+  option  (fixed32_opt) = 0;
+  option  (fixed64_opt) = 0;
+  option (sfixed32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option (sfixed64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues {
+  option     (bool_opt) = true;
+  option    (int32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option    (int64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (uint32_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (uint64_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (sint32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option   (sint64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option  (fixed32_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  option  (fixed64_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option (sfixed32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option (sfixed64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionOtherValues {
+  option  (int32_opt) = -100;  // To test sign-extension.
+  option  (float_opt) = 12.3456789;
+  option (double_opt) = 1.234567890123456789;
+  option (string_opt) = "Hello, \"World\"";
+  option  (bytes_opt) = "Hello\0World";
+  option   (enum_opt) = TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE2;
+}
+
+message SettingRealsFromPositiveInts {
+  option  (float_opt) = 12;
+  option (double_opt) = 154;
+}
+
+message SettingRealsFromNegativeInts {
+  option  (float_opt) = -12;
+  option  (double_opt) = -154;
+}
+
+// Options of complex message types, themselves combined and extended in
+// various ways.
+
+message ComplexOptionType1 {
+  int32 foo = 1;
+  int32 foo2 = 2;
+  int32 foo3 = 3;
+  repeated int32 foo4 = 4;
+}
+
+message ComplexOptionType2 {
+  ComplexOptionType1 bar = 1;
+  int32 baz = 2;
+
+  message ComplexOptionType4 {
+    int32 waldo = 1;
+
+    extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+      ComplexOptionType4 complex_opt4 = 7633546;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ComplexOptionType4 fred = 3;
+  repeated ComplexOptionType4 barney = 4;
+}
+
+message ComplexOptionType3 {
+  int32 qux = 1;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  protobuf_unittest.ComplexOptionType1 complex_opt1 = 7646756;
+  ComplexOptionType2 complex_opt2 = 7636949;
+  ComplexOptionType3 complex_opt3 = 7636463;
+}
+
+// Note that we try various different ways of naming the same extension.
+message VariousComplexOptions {
+  option (.protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).foo = 42;
+  option (protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).foo4 = 99;
+  option (protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).foo4 = 88;
+  option (complex_opt2).baz = 987;
+  option (complex_opt2).bar.foo = 743;
+  option (ComplexOptionType2.ComplexOptionType4.complex_opt4).waldo = 1971;
+  option (complex_opt2).fred.waldo = 321;
+  option (complex_opt2).barney = { waldo: 101 };
+  option (complex_opt2).barney = { waldo: 212 };
+  option (protobuf_unittest.complex_opt3).qux = 9;
+}
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------
+// Definitions for testing aggregate option parsing.
+// See descriptor_unittest.cc.
+
+// A helper type used to test aggregate option parsing
+message Aggregate {
+  int32 i = 1;
+  string s = 2;
+
+  // A nested object
+  Aggregate sub = 3;
+}
+
+// Allow Aggregate to be used as an option at all possible locations
+// in the .proto grammer.
+extend google.protobuf.FileOptions      { Aggregate fileopt    = 15478479; }
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions   { Aggregate msgopt     = 15480088; }
+extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions     { Aggregate fieldopt   = 15481374; }
+extend google.protobuf.EnumOptions      { Aggregate enumopt    = 15483218; }
+extend google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions { Aggregate enumvalopt = 15486921; }
+extend google.protobuf.ServiceOptions   { Aggregate serviceopt = 15497145; }
+extend google.protobuf.MethodOptions    { Aggregate methodopt  = 15512713; }
+
+// Try using AggregateOption at different points in the proto grammar
+option (fileopt) = {
+  s: 'FileAnnotation'
+  // Also test the handling of comments
+  /* of both types */ i: 100
+
+  sub { s: 'NestedFileAnnotation' }
+};
+
+message AggregateMessage {
+  option (msgopt) = { i:101 s:'MessageAnnotation' };
+  int32 fieldname = 1 [(fieldopt) = { s:'FieldAnnotation' }];
+}
+
+service AggregateService {
+  option (serviceopt) = { s:'ServiceAnnotation' };
+  rpc Method (AggregateMessage) returns (AggregateMessage) {
+    option (methodopt) = { s:'MethodAnnotation' };
+  }
+}
+
+enum AggregateEnum {
+  option (enumopt) = { s:'EnumAnnotation' };
+  UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  VALUE = 1 [(enumvalopt) = { s:'EnumValueAnnotation' }];
+}
+
+// Test custom options for nested type.
+message NestedOptionType {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    option (message_opt1) = 1001;
+    int32 nested_field = 1 [(field_opt1) = 1002];
+  }
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+    option (enum_opt1) = 1003;
+    NESTED_ENUM_VALUE = 1 [(enum_value_opt1) = 1004];
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_import.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_import.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a0198c34f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_import.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file which is imported by unittest.proto to test importing.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do
+// "using namespace unittest_import = protobuf_unittest_import".
+package protobuf_unittest_import_proto2;
+
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2";
+
+// Test public import
+import public "unittest_import_public.proto";
+
+message ImportMessage {
+  optional int32 d = 1;
+}
+
+enum ImportEnum {
+  IMPORT_FOO = 7;
+  IMPORT_BAR = 8;
+  IMPORT_BAZ = 9;
+}
+
+
+// To use an enum in a map, it must has the first value as 0.
+enum ImportEnumForMap {
+  UNKNOWN = 0;
+  FOO = 1;
+  BAR = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_import_proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_import_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e6668228
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_import_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file which is imported by unittest_proto3.proto to test importing.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+
+// Test public import
+import public "unittest_import_public_proto3.proto";
+
+message ImportMessage {
+  int32 d = 1;
+}
+
+enum ImportEnum {
+  IMPORT_ENUM_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  IMPORT_FOO = 7;
+  IMPORT_BAR = 8;
+  IMPORT_BAZ = 9;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_import_public.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_import_public.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ae34efec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_import_public.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest_import_proto2;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2";
+
+message PublicImportMessage {
+  optional int32 e = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_import_public_proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_import_public_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88c20799a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_import_public_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+
+message PublicImportMessage {
+ int32 e = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_a.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_a.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..097d083a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_a.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package unittest_issues;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos";
+
+// This file is used as part of a unit test for issue 6936
+// We don't need to use it, we just have to import it in both 
+// "extensions_issue6936_b.proto" and "extensions_issue6936_c.proto"
+
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+    string opt = 50000;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_b.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_b.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f71683ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_b.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+import "unittest_issue6936_a.proto";
+
+package unittest_issues;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos";
+
+// This file is used as part of a unit test for issue 6936
+// We don't need to use it, we just have to import it in "unittest_issue6936_c.proto"
+
+message Foo {
+    option (opt) = "foo";
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_c.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_c.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40004ecaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_issue6936_c.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+import "unittest_issue6936_a.proto";
+import "unittest_issue6936_b.proto";
+
+package unittest_issues;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos";
+
+// This file is used as part of a unit test for issue 6936
+// We don't need to use it, we just have to load it at runtime
+
+message Bar {
+    option (opt) = "bar";
+    Foo foo = 1;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_issues.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_issues.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4a88d864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_issues.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+// These proto descriptors have at one time been reported as an issue or defect.
+// They are kept here to replicate the issue, and continue to verify the fix.
+
+// Issue: Non-"Google.Protobuffers" namespace will ensure that protobuffer library types are qualified
+option csharp_namespace = "UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos";
+
+package unittest_issues;
+
+// Issue 307: when generating doubly-nested types, any references
+// should be of the form A.Types.B.Types.C.
+message Issue307 {
+  message NestedOnce {
+    message NestedTwice {
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Old issue 13: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-csharp-port/issues/detail?id=13
+// New issue 309: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/309
+
+// message A {
+//    optional int32 _A = 1;
+// }
+
+// message B {
+//    optional int32 B_ = 1;
+// }
+
+//message AB {
+//    optional int32 a_b = 1;
+//}
+
+// Similar issue with numeric names
+// Java code failed too, so probably best for this to be a restriction.
+// See https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/308
+// message NumberField {
+//    optional int32 _01 = 1;
+// }
+
+// issue 19 - negative enum values
+
+enum NegativeEnum {
+    NEGATIVE_ENUM_ZERO = 0;
+    FiveBelow = -5;
+    MinusOne = -1;
+}
+
+message NegativeEnumMessage {
+    NegativeEnum value = 1;
+    repeated NegativeEnum values = 2 [packed = false];
+    repeated NegativeEnum packed_values = 3 [packed=true];
+}
+
+// Issue 21: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-csharp-port/issues/detail?id=21
+// Decorate fields with [deprecated=true] as [System.Obsolete]
+
+message DeprecatedChild {
+}
+
+enum DeprecatedEnum {
+    DEPRECATED_ZERO = 0;
+    one = 1;
+}
+
+message DeprecatedFieldsMessage {
+    int32 PrimitiveValue = 1 [deprecated = true];
+    repeated int32 PrimitiveArray = 2 [deprecated = true];
+
+    DeprecatedChild MessageValue = 3 [deprecated = true];
+    repeated DeprecatedChild MessageArray = 4 [deprecated = true];
+
+    DeprecatedEnum EnumValue = 5 [deprecated = true];
+    repeated DeprecatedEnum EnumArray = 6 [deprecated = true];
+}
+
+// Issue 45: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-csharp-port/issues/detail?id=45
+message ItemField {
+  int32 item = 1;
+}
+
+message ReservedNames {
+  // Force a nested type called Types
+  message SomeNestedType {
+  }
+
+  int32 types = 1;
+  int32 descriptor = 2;
+}
+
+message TestJsonFieldOrdering {
+  // These fields are deliberately not declared in numeric
+  // order, and the oneof fields aren't contiguous either.
+  // This allows for reasonably robust tests of JSON output
+  // ordering.
+  // TestFieldOrderings in unittest_proto3.proto is similar,
+  // but doesn't include oneofs.
+  // TODO: Consider adding oneofs to TestFieldOrderings, although
+  // that will require fixing other tests in multiple platforms.
+  // Alternatively, consider just adding this to
+  // unittest_proto3.proto if multiple platforms want it.
+
+  int32 plain_int32 = 4;
+
+  oneof o1 {
+    string o1_string = 2;
+    int32 o1_int32 = 5;
+  }
+
+  string plain_string = 1;
+
+  oneof o2 {
+    int32 o2_int32 = 6;
+    string o2_string = 3;
+  }
+
+}
+
+message TestJsonName {
+  // Message for testing the effects for of the json_name option
+  string name = 1;
+  string description = 2 [json_name = "desc"];
+  string guid = 3 [json_name = "exid"];
+}
+
+// Issue 3200: When merging two messages which use the same
+// oneof case, which is itself a message type, the submessages should
+// be merged.
+message OneofMerging {
+  message Nested {
+    int32 x = 1;
+    int32 y = 2;
+  }
+
+  oneof value {
+    string text = 1;
+    Nested nested = 2;
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..884beae4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/protos/unittest_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file we will use for unit testing.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+
+// Only present so we can test that we can read it (as an example
+// of a non-C# option)
+option java_outer_classname = "UnittestProto";
+
+import "unittest_import_proto3.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest3;
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    NESTED_ENUM_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+    NEG = -1;  // Intentionally negative.
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  int32 single_int32 = 1;
+  int64 single_int64 = 2;
+  uint32 single_uint32 = 3;
+  uint64 single_uint64 = 4;
+  sint32 single_sint32 = 5;
+  sint64 single_sint64 = 6;
+  fixed32 single_fixed32 = 7;
+  fixed64 single_fixed64 = 8;
+  sfixed32 single_sfixed32 = 9;
+  sfixed64 single_sfixed64 = 10;
+  float single_float = 11;
+  double single_double = 12;
+  bool single_bool = 13;
+  string single_string = 14;
+  bytes single_bytes = 15;
+
+  NestedMessage single_nested_message = 18;
+  ForeignMessage single_foreign_message = 19;
+  protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage single_import_message = 20;
+
+  NestedEnum single_nested_enum = 21;
+  ForeignEnum single_foreign_enum = 22;
+  protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum single_import_enum = 23;
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+      single_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated NestedMessage                        repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage repeated_import_message  = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum                           repeated_nested_enum     = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    repeated_import_enum     = 53;
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+      repeated_public_import_message = 54;
+
+  // For oneof test
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+}
+
+// This proto includes a recusively nested message.
+message NestedTestAllTypes {
+  NestedTestAllTypes child = 1;
+  TestAllTypes payload = 2;
+  repeated NestedTestAllTypes repeated_child = 3;
+}
+
+message TestDeprecatedFields {
+  int32 deprecated_int32 = 1 [deprecated=true];
+}
+
+// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+// that.
+message ForeignMessage {
+  int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+message TestReservedFields {
+  reserved 2, 15, 9 to 11;
+  reserved "bar", "baz";
+}
+
+
+// Test that we can use NestedMessage from outside TestAllTypes.
+message TestForeignNested {
+  TestAllTypes.NestedMessage foreign_nested = 1;
+}
+
+// Test that really large tag numbers don't break anything.
+message TestReallyLargeTagNumber {
+  // The largest possible tag number is 2^28 - 1, since the wire format uses
+  // three bits to communicate wire type.
+  int32 a = 1;
+  int32 bb = 268435455;
+}
+
+message TestRecursiveMessage {
+  TestRecursiveMessage a = 1;
+  int32 i = 2;
+}
+
+// Test that mutual recursion works.
+message TestMutualRecursionA {
+  TestMutualRecursionB bb = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMutualRecursionB {
+  TestMutualRecursionA a = 1;
+  int32 optional_int32 = 2;
+}
+
+message TestEnumAllowAlias {
+  TestEnumWithDupValue value = 1;
+}
+
+// Test an enum that has multiple values with the same number.
+enum TestEnumWithDupValue {
+  TEST_ENUM_WITH_DUP_VALUE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  option allow_alias = true;
+
+  FOO1 = 1;
+  BAR1 = 2;
+  BAZ = 3;
+  FOO2 = 1;
+  BAR2 = 2;
+}
+
+// Test an enum with large, unordered values.
+enum TestSparseEnum {
+  TEST_SPARSE_ENUM_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  SPARSE_A = 123;
+  SPARSE_B = 62374;
+  SPARSE_C = 12589234;
+  SPARSE_D = -15;
+  SPARSE_E = -53452;
+  // In proto3, value 0 must be the first one specified
+  // SPARSE_F = 0;
+  SPARSE_G = 2;
+}
+
+// Test message with CamelCase field names.  This violates Protocol Buffer
+// standard style.
+message TestCamelCaseFieldNames {
+  int32 PrimitiveField = 1;
+  string StringField = 2;
+  ForeignEnum EnumField = 3;
+  ForeignMessage MessageField = 4;
+
+  repeated int32 RepeatedPrimitiveField = 7;
+  repeated string RepeatedStringField = 8;
+  repeated ForeignEnum RepeatedEnumField = 9;
+  repeated ForeignMessage RepeatedMessageField = 10;
+}
+
+
+// We list fields out of order, to ensure that we're using field number and not
+// field index to determine serialization order.
+message TestFieldOrderings {
+  string my_string = 11;
+  int64 my_int = 1;
+  float my_float = 101;
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int64 oo = 2;
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  NestedMessage single_nested_message  = 200;
+}
+
+message SparseEnumMessage {
+  TestSparseEnum sparse_enum = 1;
+}
+
+// Test String and Bytes: string is for valid UTF-8 strings
+message OneString {
+  string data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreString {
+  repeated string data = 1;
+}
+
+message OneBytes {
+  bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreBytes {
+  bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+// Test int32, uint32, int64, uint64, and bool are all compatible
+message Int32Message {
+  int32 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Uint32Message {
+  uint32 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Int64Message {
+  int64 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Uint64Message {
+  uint64 data = 1;
+}
+
+message BoolMessage {
+  bool data = 1;
+}
+
+// Test oneofs.
+message TestOneof {
+  oneof foo {
+    int32 foo_int = 1;
+    string foo_string = 2;
+    TestAllTypes foo_message = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+// Test messages for packed fields
+
+message TestPackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// A message with the same fields as TestPackedTypes, but without packing. Used
+// to test packed <-> unpacked wire compatibility.
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 unpacked_int32    =  90 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 unpacked_int64    =  91 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 unpacked_uint32   =  92 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 unpacked_uint64   =  93 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 unpacked_sint32   =  94 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 unpacked_sint64   =  95 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 unpacked_fixed32  =  96 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 unpacked_fixed64  =  97 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 unpacked_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 unpacked_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float unpacked_float    = 100 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double unpacked_double   = 101 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool unpacked_bool     = 102 [packed = false];
+  repeated ForeignEnum unpacked_enum  = 103 [packed = false];
+}
+
+message TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes {
+  // Parsing repeated fixed size values used to fail. This message needs to be
+  // used in order to get a tag of the right size; all of the repeated fields
+  // in TestAllTypes didn't trigger the check.
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 12;
+  // Check for a varint type, just for good measure.
+  repeated int32   repeated_int32   = 13;
+
+  // These have two-byte tags.
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 2046;
+  repeated int64   repeated_int64   = 2047;
+
+  // Three byte tags.
+  repeated float   repeated_float   = 262142;
+  repeated uint64  repeated_uint64  = 262143;
+}
+
+message TestCommentInjectionMessage {
+  // */ <- This should not close the generated doc comment
+  string a = 1;
+}
+
+
+// Test that RPC services work.
+message FooRequest  {}
+message FooResponse {}
+
+message FooClientMessage {}
+message FooServerMessage{}
+
+// This is a test service
+service TestService {
+  // This is a test method
+  rpc Foo(FooRequest) returns (FooResponse);
+  rpc Bar(BarRequest) returns (BarResponse);
+}
+
+
+message BarRequest  {}
+message BarResponse {}
+
+message TestEmptyMessage {}
+
+// This is leading detached comment 1
+
+// This is leading detached comment 2
+
+// This is a leading comment
+message CommentMessage {
+  // Leading nested message comment
+  message NestedCommentMessage {
+    // Leading nested message field comment
+    string nested_text = 1;
+  }
+
+  // Leading nested enum comment
+  enum NestedCommentEnum {
+    // Zero value comment
+    ZERO_VALUE = 0;
+  }
+
+  // Leading field comment
+  string text = 1; // Trailing field comment
+}
+
+// Leading enum comment
+enum CommentEnum {
+  // Zero value comment
+  ZERO_VALUE = 0;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/AddPerson.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/AddPerson.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62d1788d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/AddPerson.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook
+{
+    internal class AddPerson
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds a person based on user input
+        /// </summary>
+        private static Person PromptForAddress(TextReader input, TextWriter output)
+        {
+            Person person = new Person();
+
+            output.Write("Enter person ID: ");
+            person.Id = int.Parse(input.ReadLine());
+
+            output.Write("Enter name: ");
+            person.Name = input.ReadLine();
+
+            output.Write("Enter email address (blank for none): ");
+            string email = input.ReadLine();
+            if (email.Length > 0)
+            {
+                person.Email = email;
+            }
+
+            while (true)
+            {
+                output.Write("Enter a phone number (or leave blank to finish): ");
+                string number = input.ReadLine();
+                if (number.Length == 0)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                Person.Types.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = new Person.Types.PhoneNumber { Number = number };
+
+                output.Write("Is this a mobile, home, or work phone? ");
+                String type = input.ReadLine();
+                switch (type)
+                {
+                    case "mobile":
+                        phoneNumber.Type = Person.Types.PhoneType.Mobile;
+                        break;
+                    case "home":
+                        phoneNumber.Type = Person.Types.PhoneType.Home;
+                        break;
+                    case "work":
+                        phoneNumber.Type = Person.Types.PhoneType.Work;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        output.Write("Unknown phone type. Using default.");
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                person.Phones.Add(phoneNumber);
+            }
+            return person;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Entry point - loads an existing addressbook or creates a new one,
+        /// then writes it back to the file.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            if (args.Length != 1)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine("Usage:  AddPerson ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE");
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            AddressBook addressBook;
+
+            if (File.Exists(args[0]))
+            {
+                using (Stream file = File.OpenRead(args[0]))
+                {
+                    addressBook = AddressBook.Parser.ParseFrom(file);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("{0}: File not found. Creating a new file.", args[0]);
+                addressBook = new AddressBook();
+            }
+
+            // Add an address.
+            addressBook.People.Add(PromptForAddress(Console.In, Console.Out));
+
+            // Write the new address book back to disk.
+            using (Stream output = File.OpenWrite(args[0]))
+            {
+                addressBook.WriteTo(output);
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/AddressBook.csproj b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/AddressBook.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3268c0ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/AddressBook.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.1</TargetFramework>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <StartupObject>Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Program</StartupObject>
+    <IsPackable>False</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Google.Protobuf\Google.Protobuf.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/Addressbook.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/Addressbook.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbd977269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/Addressbook.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: addressbook.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from addressbook.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class AddressbookReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for addressbook.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static AddressbookReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "ChFhZGRyZXNzYm9vay5wcm90bxIIdHV0b3JpYWwaH2dvb2dsZS9wcm90b2J1",
+            "Zi90aW1lc3RhbXAucHJvdG8ihwIKBlBlcnNvbhIMCgRuYW1lGAEgASgJEgoK",
+            "AmlkGAIgASgFEg0KBWVtYWlsGAMgASgJEiwKBnBob25lcxgEIAMoCzIcLnR1",
+            "dG9yaWFsLlBlcnNvbi5QaG9uZU51bWJlchIwCgxsYXN0X3VwZGF0ZWQYBSAB",
+            "KAsyGi5nb29nbGUucHJvdG9idWYuVGltZXN0YW1wGkcKC1Bob25lTnVtYmVy",
+            "Eg4KBm51bWJlchgBIAEoCRIoCgR0eXBlGAIgASgOMhoudHV0b3JpYWwuUGVy",
+            "c29uLlBob25lVHlwZSIrCglQaG9uZVR5cGUSCgoGTU9CSUxFEAASCAoESE9N",
+            "RRABEggKBFdPUksQAiIvCgtBZGRyZXNzQm9vaxIgCgZwZW9wbGUYASADKAsy",
+            "EC50dXRvcmlhbC5QZXJzb25CUAoUY29tLmV4YW1wbGUudHV0b3JpYWxCEUFk",
+            "ZHJlc3NCb29rUHJvdG9zqgIkR29vZ2xlLlByb3RvYnVmLkV4YW1wbGVzLkFk",
+            "ZHJlc3NCb29rYgZwcm90bzM="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.TimestampReflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person), global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Id", "Email", "Phones", "LastUpdated" }, null, new[]{ typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneType) }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneNumber), global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneNumber.Parser, new[]{ "Number", "Type" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.AddressBook), global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.AddressBook.Parser, new[]{ "People" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// [START messages]
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Person : pb::IMessage<Person> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Person> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Person>(() => new Person());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Person> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.AddressbookReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Person() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Person(Person other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      id_ = other.id_;
+      email_ = other.email_;
+      phones_ = other.phones_.Clone();
+      lastUpdated_ = other.lastUpdated_ != null ? other.lastUpdated_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Person Clone() {
+      return new Person(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string name_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "id" field.</summary>
+    public const int IdFieldNumber = 2;
+    private int id_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Unique ID number for this person.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Id {
+      get { return id_; }
+      set {
+        id_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "email" field.</summary>
+    public const int EmailFieldNumber = 3;
+    private string email_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Email {
+      get { return email_; }
+      set {
+        email_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "phones" field.</summary>
+    public const int PhonesFieldNumber = 4;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneNumber> _repeated_phones_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(34, global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneNumber.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneNumber> phones_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneNumber>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneNumber> Phones {
+      get { return phones_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "last_updated" field.</summary>
+    public const int LastUpdatedFieldNumber = 5;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp lastUpdated_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp LastUpdated {
+      get { return lastUpdated_; }
+      set {
+        lastUpdated_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Person);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Person other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if (Id != other.Id) return false;
+      if (Email != other.Email) return false;
+      if(!phones_.Equals(other.phones_)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(LastUpdated, other.LastUpdated)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      if (Id != 0) hash ^= Id.GetHashCode();
+      if (Email.Length != 0) hash ^= Email.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= phones_.GetHashCode();
+      if (lastUpdated_ != null) hash ^= LastUpdated.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      if (Id != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(Id);
+      }
+      if (Email.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteString(Email);
+      }
+      phones_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_phones_codec);
+      if (lastUpdated_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(42);
+        output.WriteMessage(LastUpdated);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      if (Id != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Id);
+      }
+      if (Email.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Email);
+      }
+      size += phones_.CalculateSize(_repeated_phones_codec);
+      if (lastUpdated_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(LastUpdated);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Person other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Name.Length != 0) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      if (other.Id != 0) {
+        Id = other.Id;
+      }
+      if (other.Email.Length != 0) {
+        Email = other.Email;
+      }
+      phones_.Add(other.phones_);
+      if (other.lastUpdated_ != null) {
+        if (lastUpdated_ == null) {
+          LastUpdated = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp();
+        }
+        LastUpdated.MergeFrom(other.LastUpdated);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Id = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            Email = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            phones_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_phones_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            if (lastUpdated_ == null) {
+              LastUpdated = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(LastUpdated);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the Person message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public enum PhoneType {
+        [pbr::OriginalName("MOBILE")] Mobile = 0,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("HOME")] Home = 1,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("WORK")] Work = 2,
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class PhoneNumber : pb::IMessage<PhoneNumber> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<PhoneNumber> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<PhoneNumber>(() => new PhoneNumber());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<PhoneNumber> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public PhoneNumber() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public PhoneNumber(PhoneNumber other) : this() {
+          number_ = other.number_;
+          type_ = other.type_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public PhoneNumber Clone() {
+          return new PhoneNumber(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "number" field.</summary>
+        public const int NumberFieldNumber = 1;
+        private string number_ = "";
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public string Number {
+          get { return number_; }
+          set {
+            number_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+          }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "type" field.</summary>
+        public const int TypeFieldNumber = 2;
+        private global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneType type_ = global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneType.Mobile;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneType Type {
+          get { return type_; }
+          set {
+            type_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as PhoneNumber);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(PhoneNumber other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (Number != other.Number) return false;
+          if (Type != other.Type) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (Number.Length != 0) hash ^= Number.GetHashCode();
+          if (Type != global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneType.Mobile) hash ^= Type.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (Number.Length != 0) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(10);
+            output.WriteString(Number);
+          }
+          if (Type != global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneType.Mobile) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(16);
+            output.WriteEnum((int) Type);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (Number.Length != 0) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Number);
+          }
+          if (Type != global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneType.Mobile) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) Type);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(PhoneNumber other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.Number.Length != 0) {
+            Number = other.Number;
+          }
+          if (other.Type != global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneType.Mobile) {
+            Type = other.Type;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 10: {
+                Number = input.ReadString();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 16: {
+                Type = (global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Types.PhoneType) input.ReadEnum();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Our address book file is just one of these.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class AddressBook : pb::IMessage<AddressBook> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<AddressBook> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<AddressBook>(() => new AddressBook());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<AddressBook> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.AddressbookReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public AddressBook() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public AddressBook(AddressBook other) : this() {
+      people_ = other.people_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public AddressBook Clone() {
+      return new AddressBook(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "people" field.</summary>
+    public const int PeopleFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person> _repeated_people_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(10, global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person> people_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook.Person> People {
+      get { return people_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as AddressBook);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(AddressBook other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!people_.Equals(other.people_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= people_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      people_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_people_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += people_.CalculateSize(_repeated_people_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(AddressBook other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      people_.Add(other.people_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            people_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_people_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/ListPeople.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/ListPeople.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3758c1bce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/ListPeople.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook
+{
+    internal class ListPeople
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Iterates though all people in the AddressBook and prints info about them.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void Print(AddressBook addressBook)
+        {
+            foreach (Person person in addressBook.People)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("Person ID: {0}", person.Id);
+                Console.WriteLine("  Name: {0}", person.Name);
+                if (person.Email != "")
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine("  E-mail address: {0}", person.Email);
+                }
+
+                foreach (Person.Types.PhoneNumber phoneNumber in person.Phones)
+                {
+                    switch (phoneNumber.Type)
+                    {
+                        case Person.Types.PhoneType.Mobile:
+                            Console.Write("  Mobile phone #: ");
+                            break;
+                        case Person.Types.PhoneType.Home:
+                            Console.Write("  Home phone #: ");
+                            break;
+                        case Person.Types.PhoneType.Work:
+                            Console.Write("  Work phone #: ");
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    Console.WriteLine(phoneNumber.Number);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Entry point - loads the addressbook and then displays it.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            if (args.Length != 1)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine("Usage:  ListPeople ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE");
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            if (!File.Exists(args[0]))
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("{0} doesn't exist. Add a person to create the file first.", args[0]);
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            // Read the existing address book.
+            using (Stream stream = File.OpenRead(args[0]))
+            {
+                AddressBook addressBook = AddressBook.Parser.ParseFrom(stream);
+                Print(addressBook);
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/Program.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/Program.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff7b9c085
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Entry point. Repeatedly prompts user for an action to take, delegating actual behaviour
+    /// to individual actions. Each action has its own Main method, so that it can be used as an
+    /// invidual complete program.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class Program
+    {
+        private static int Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            if (args.Length > 1)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine("Usage: AddressBook [file]");
+                Console.Error.WriteLine("If the filename isn't specified, \"addressbook.data\" is used instead.");
+                return 1;
+            }
+            string addressBookFile = args.Length > 0 ? args[0] : "addressbook.data";
+
+            bool stopping = false;
+            while (!stopping)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("Options:");
+                Console.WriteLine("  L: List contents");
+                Console.WriteLine("  A: Add new person");
+                Console.WriteLine("  Q: Quit");
+                Console.Write("Action? ");
+                Console.Out.Flush();
+                char choice = Console.ReadKey().KeyChar;
+                Console.WriteLine();
+                try
+                {
+                    switch (choice)
+                    {
+                        case 'A':
+                        case 'a':
+                            AddPerson.Main(new string[] {addressBookFile});
+                            break;
+                        case 'L':
+                        case 'l':
+                            ListPeople.Main(new string[] {addressBookFile});
+                            break;
+                        case 'Q':
+                        case 'q':
+                            stopping = true;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            Console.WriteLine("Unknown option: {0}", choice);
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (Exception e)
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine("Exception executing action: {0}", e);
+                }
+                Console.WriteLine();
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/SampleUsage.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/SampleUsage.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..941d865aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/AddressBook/SampleUsage.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+    
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook
+{
+    internal class SampleUsage
+    {
+        private static void Main()
+        {
+            byte[] bytes;
+            // Create a new person
+            Person person = new Person
+            {
+                Id = 1,
+                Name = "Foo",
+                Email = "foo@bar",
+                Phones = { new Person.Types.PhoneNumber { Number = "555-1212" } }
+            };
+            using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                // Save the person to a stream
+                person.WriteTo(stream);
+                bytes = stream.ToArray();
+            }
+            Person copy = Person.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+
+            AddressBook book = new AddressBook
+            {
+                People = { copy }
+            };
+            bytes = book.ToByteArray();
+            // And read the address book back again
+            AddressBook restored = AddressBook.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            // The message performs a deep-comparison on equality:
+            if (restored.People.Count != 1 || !person.Equals(restored.People[0]))
+            {
+                throw new Exception("There is a bad person in here!");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/BenchmarkMessage1Proto3.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/BenchmarkMessage1Proto3.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e8c330a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/BenchmarkMessage1Proto3.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,1980 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Benchmarks.Proto3 {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class BenchmarkMessage1Proto3Reflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for datasets/google_message1/proto3/benchmark_message1_proto3.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static BenchmarkMessage1Proto3Reflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Cj9kYXRhc2V0cy9nb29nbGVfbWVzc2FnZTEvcHJvdG8zL2JlbmNobWFya19t",
+            "ZXNzYWdlMV9wcm90bzMucHJvdG8SEWJlbmNobWFya3MucHJvdG8zIoMGCg5H",
+            "b29nbGVNZXNzYWdlMRIOCgZmaWVsZDEYASABKAkSDgoGZmllbGQ5GAkgASgJ",
+            "Eg8KB2ZpZWxkMTgYEiABKAkSDwoHZmllbGQ4MBhQIAEoCBIPCgdmaWVsZDgx",
+            "GFEgASgIEg4KBmZpZWxkMhgCIAEoBRIOCgZmaWVsZDMYAyABKAUSEQoIZmll",
+            "bGQyODAYmAIgASgFEg4KBmZpZWxkNhgGIAEoBRIPCgdmaWVsZDIyGBYgASgD",
+            "Eg4KBmZpZWxkNBgEIAEoCRIOCgZmaWVsZDUYBSADKAYSDwoHZmllbGQ1ORg7",
+            "IAEoCBIOCgZmaWVsZDcYByABKAkSDwoHZmllbGQxNhgQIAEoBRIRCghmaWVs",
+            "ZDEzMBiCASABKAUSDwoHZmllbGQxMhgMIAEoCBIPCgdmaWVsZDE3GBEgASgI",
+            "Eg8KB2ZpZWxkMTMYDSABKAgSDwoHZmllbGQxNBgOIAEoCBIQCghmaWVsZDEw",
+            "NBhoIAEoBRIQCghmaWVsZDEwMBhkIAEoBRIQCghmaWVsZDEwMRhlIAEoBRIQ",
+            "CghmaWVsZDEwMhhmIAEoCRIQCghmaWVsZDEwMxhnIAEoCRIPCgdmaWVsZDI5",
+            "GB0gASgFEg8KB2ZpZWxkMzAYHiABKAgSDwoHZmllbGQ2MBg8IAEoBRIRCghm",
+            "aWVsZDI3MRiPAiABKAUSEQoIZmllbGQyNzIYkAIgASgFEhEKCGZpZWxkMTUw",
+            "GJYBIAEoBRIPCgdmaWVsZDIzGBcgASgFEg8KB2ZpZWxkMjQYGCABKAgSDwoH",
+            "ZmllbGQyNRgZIAEoBRI8CgdmaWVsZDE1GA8gASgLMisuYmVuY2htYXJrcy5w",
+            "cm90bzMuR29vZ2xlTWVzc2FnZTFTdWJNZXNzYWdlEg8KB2ZpZWxkNzgYTiAB",
+            "KAgSDwoHZmllbGQ2NxhDIAEoBRIPCgdmaWVsZDY4GEQgASgFEhEKCGZpZWxk",
+            "MTI4GIABIAEoBRIRCghmaWVsZDEyORiBASABKAkSEQoIZmllbGQxMzEYgwEg",
+            "ASgFIvcCChhHb29nbGVNZXNzYWdlMVN1Yk1lc3NhZ2USDgoGZmllbGQxGAEg",
+            "ASgFEg4KBmZpZWxkMhgCIAEoBRIOCgZmaWVsZDMYAyABKAUSDwoHZmllbGQx",
+            "NRgPIAEoCRIPCgdmaWVsZDEyGAwgASgIEg8KB2ZpZWxkMTMYDSABKAMSDwoH",
+            "ZmllbGQxNBgOIAEoAxIPCgdmaWVsZDE2GBAgASgFEg8KB2ZpZWxkMTkYEyAB",
+            "KAUSDwoHZmllbGQyMBgUIAEoCBIPCgdmaWVsZDI4GBwgASgIEg8KB2ZpZWxk",
+            "MjEYFSABKAYSDwoHZmllbGQyMhgWIAEoBRIPCgdmaWVsZDIzGBcgASgIEhEK",
+            "CGZpZWxkMjA2GM4BIAEoCBIRCghmaWVsZDIwMxjLASABKAcSEQoIZmllbGQy",
+            "MDQYzAEgASgFEhEKCGZpZWxkMjA1GM0BIAEoCRIRCghmaWVsZDIwNxjPASAB",
+            "KAQSEQoIZmllbGQzMDAYrAIgASgEQiUKHmNvbS5nb29nbGUucHJvdG9idWYu",
+            "YmVuY2htYXJrc0gB+AEBYgZwcm90bzM="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Benchmarks.Proto3.GoogleMessage1), global::Benchmarks.Proto3.GoogleMessage1.Parser, new[]{ "Field1", "Field9", "Field18", "Field80", "Field81", "Field2", "Field3", "Field280", "Field6", "Field22", "Field4", "Field5", "Field59", "Field7", "Field16", "Field130", "Field12", "Field17", "Field13", "Field14", "Field104", "Field100", "Field101", "Field102", "Field103", "Field29", "Field30", "Field60", "Field271", "Field272", "Field150", "Field23", "Field24", "Field25", "Field15", "Field78", "Field67", "Field68", "Field128", "Field129", "Field131" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Benchmarks.Proto3.GoogleMessage1SubMessage), global::Benchmarks.Proto3.GoogleMessage1SubMessage.Parser, new[]{ "Field1", "Field2", "Field3", "Field15", "Field12", "Field13", "Field14", "Field16", "Field19", "Field20", "Field28", "Field21", "Field22", "Field23", "Field206", "Field203", "Field204", "Field205", "Field207", "Field300" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  public sealed partial class GoogleMessage1 : pb::IMessage<GoogleMessage1> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<GoogleMessage1> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<GoogleMessage1>(() => new GoogleMessage1());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<GoogleMessage1> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Benchmarks.Proto3.BenchmarkMessage1Proto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public GoogleMessage1() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public GoogleMessage1(GoogleMessage1 other) : this() {
+      field1_ = other.field1_;
+      field9_ = other.field9_;
+      field18_ = other.field18_;
+      field80_ = other.field80_;
+      field81_ = other.field81_;
+      field2_ = other.field2_;
+      field3_ = other.field3_;
+      field280_ = other.field280_;
+      field6_ = other.field6_;
+      field22_ = other.field22_;
+      field4_ = other.field4_;
+      field5_ = other.field5_.Clone();
+      field59_ = other.field59_;
+      field7_ = other.field7_;
+      field16_ = other.field16_;
+      field130_ = other.field130_;
+      field12_ = other.field12_;
+      field17_ = other.field17_;
+      field13_ = other.field13_;
+      field14_ = other.field14_;
+      field104_ = other.field104_;
+      field100_ = other.field100_;
+      field101_ = other.field101_;
+      field102_ = other.field102_;
+      field103_ = other.field103_;
+      field29_ = other.field29_;
+      field30_ = other.field30_;
+      field60_ = other.field60_;
+      field271_ = other.field271_;
+      field272_ = other.field272_;
+      field150_ = other.field150_;
+      field23_ = other.field23_;
+      field24_ = other.field24_;
+      field25_ = other.field25_;
+      field15_ = other.field15_ != null ? other.field15_.Clone() : null;
+      field78_ = other.field78_;
+      field67_ = other.field67_;
+      field68_ = other.field68_;
+      field128_ = other.field128_;
+      field129_ = other.field129_;
+      field131_ = other.field131_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public GoogleMessage1 Clone() {
+      return new GoogleMessage1(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field1" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field1FieldNumber = 1;
+    private string field1_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Field1 {
+      get { return field1_; }
+      set {
+        field1_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field9" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field9FieldNumber = 9;
+    private string field9_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Field9 {
+      get { return field9_; }
+      set {
+        field9_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field18" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field18FieldNumber = 18;
+    private string field18_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Field18 {
+      get { return field18_; }
+      set {
+        field18_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field80" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field80FieldNumber = 80;
+    private bool field80_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field80 {
+      get { return field80_; }
+      set {
+        field80_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field81" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field81FieldNumber = 81;
+    private bool field81_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field81 {
+      get { return field81_; }
+      set {
+        field81_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field2" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field2FieldNumber = 2;
+    private int field2_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field2 {
+      get { return field2_; }
+      set {
+        field2_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field3" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field3FieldNumber = 3;
+    private int field3_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field3 {
+      get { return field3_; }
+      set {
+        field3_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field280" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field280FieldNumber = 280;
+    private int field280_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field280 {
+      get { return field280_; }
+      set {
+        field280_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field6" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field6FieldNumber = 6;
+    private int field6_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field6 {
+      get { return field6_; }
+      set {
+        field6_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field22" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field22FieldNumber = 22;
+    private long field22_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Field22 {
+      get { return field22_; }
+      set {
+        field22_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field4" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field4FieldNumber = 4;
+    private string field4_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Field4 {
+      get { return field4_; }
+      set {
+        field4_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field5" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field5FieldNumber = 5;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_field5_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(42);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> field5_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> Field5 {
+      get { return field5_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field59" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field59FieldNumber = 59;
+    private bool field59_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field59 {
+      get { return field59_; }
+      set {
+        field59_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field7" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field7FieldNumber = 7;
+    private string field7_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Field7 {
+      get { return field7_; }
+      set {
+        field7_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field16" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field16FieldNumber = 16;
+    private int field16_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field16 {
+      get { return field16_; }
+      set {
+        field16_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field130" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field130FieldNumber = 130;
+    private int field130_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field130 {
+      get { return field130_; }
+      set {
+        field130_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field12" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field12FieldNumber = 12;
+    private bool field12_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field12 {
+      get { return field12_; }
+      set {
+        field12_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field17" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field17FieldNumber = 17;
+    private bool field17_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field17 {
+      get { return field17_; }
+      set {
+        field17_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field13" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field13FieldNumber = 13;
+    private bool field13_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field13 {
+      get { return field13_; }
+      set {
+        field13_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field14" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field14FieldNumber = 14;
+    private bool field14_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field14 {
+      get { return field14_; }
+      set {
+        field14_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field104" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field104FieldNumber = 104;
+    private int field104_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field104 {
+      get { return field104_; }
+      set {
+        field104_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field100" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field100FieldNumber = 100;
+    private int field100_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field100 {
+      get { return field100_; }
+      set {
+        field100_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field101" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field101FieldNumber = 101;
+    private int field101_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field101 {
+      get { return field101_; }
+      set {
+        field101_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field102" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field102FieldNumber = 102;
+    private string field102_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Field102 {
+      get { return field102_; }
+      set {
+        field102_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field103" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field103FieldNumber = 103;
+    private string field103_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Field103 {
+      get { return field103_; }
+      set {
+        field103_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field29" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field29FieldNumber = 29;
+    private int field29_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field29 {
+      get { return field29_; }
+      set {
+        field29_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field30" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field30FieldNumber = 30;
+    private bool field30_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field30 {
+      get { return field30_; }
+      set {
+        field30_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field60" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field60FieldNumber = 60;
+    private int field60_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field60 {
+      get { return field60_; }
+      set {
+        field60_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field271" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field271FieldNumber = 271;
+    private int field271_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field271 {
+      get { return field271_; }
+      set {
+        field271_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field272" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field272FieldNumber = 272;
+    private int field272_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field272 {
+      get { return field272_; }
+      set {
+        field272_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field150" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field150FieldNumber = 150;
+    private int field150_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field150 {
+      get { return field150_; }
+      set {
+        field150_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field23" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field23FieldNumber = 23;
+    private int field23_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field23 {
+      get { return field23_; }
+      set {
+        field23_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field24" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field24FieldNumber = 24;
+    private bool field24_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field24 {
+      get { return field24_; }
+      set {
+        field24_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field25" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field25FieldNumber = 25;
+    private int field25_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field25 {
+      get { return field25_; }
+      set {
+        field25_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field15" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field15FieldNumber = 15;
+    private global::Benchmarks.Proto3.GoogleMessage1SubMessage field15_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Benchmarks.Proto3.GoogleMessage1SubMessage Field15 {
+      get { return field15_; }
+      set {
+        field15_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field78" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field78FieldNumber = 78;
+    private bool field78_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field78 {
+      get { return field78_; }
+      set {
+        field78_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field67" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field67FieldNumber = 67;
+    private int field67_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field67 {
+      get { return field67_; }
+      set {
+        field67_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field68" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field68FieldNumber = 68;
+    private int field68_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field68 {
+      get { return field68_; }
+      set {
+        field68_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field128" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field128FieldNumber = 128;
+    private int field128_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field128 {
+      get { return field128_; }
+      set {
+        field128_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field129" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field129FieldNumber = 129;
+    private string field129_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Field129 {
+      get { return field129_; }
+      set {
+        field129_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field131" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field131FieldNumber = 131;
+    private int field131_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field131 {
+      get { return field131_; }
+      set {
+        field131_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as GoogleMessage1);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(GoogleMessage1 other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Field1 != other.Field1) return false;
+      if (Field9 != other.Field9) return false;
+      if (Field18 != other.Field18) return false;
+      if (Field80 != other.Field80) return false;
+      if (Field81 != other.Field81) return false;
+      if (Field2 != other.Field2) return false;
+      if (Field3 != other.Field3) return false;
+      if (Field280 != other.Field280) return false;
+      if (Field6 != other.Field6) return false;
+      if (Field22 != other.Field22) return false;
+      if (Field4 != other.Field4) return false;
+      if(!field5_.Equals(other.field5_)) return false;
+      if (Field59 != other.Field59) return false;
+      if (Field7 != other.Field7) return false;
+      if (Field16 != other.Field16) return false;
+      if (Field130 != other.Field130) return false;
+      if (Field12 != other.Field12) return false;
+      if (Field17 != other.Field17) return false;
+      if (Field13 != other.Field13) return false;
+      if (Field14 != other.Field14) return false;
+      if (Field104 != other.Field104) return false;
+      if (Field100 != other.Field100) return false;
+      if (Field101 != other.Field101) return false;
+      if (Field102 != other.Field102) return false;
+      if (Field103 != other.Field103) return false;
+      if (Field29 != other.Field29) return false;
+      if (Field30 != other.Field30) return false;
+      if (Field60 != other.Field60) return false;
+      if (Field271 != other.Field271) return false;
+      if (Field272 != other.Field272) return false;
+      if (Field150 != other.Field150) return false;
+      if (Field23 != other.Field23) return false;
+      if (Field24 != other.Field24) return false;
+      if (Field25 != other.Field25) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Field15, other.Field15)) return false;
+      if (Field78 != other.Field78) return false;
+      if (Field67 != other.Field67) return false;
+      if (Field68 != other.Field68) return false;
+      if (Field128 != other.Field128) return false;
+      if (Field129 != other.Field129) return false;
+      if (Field131 != other.Field131) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Field1.Length != 0) hash ^= Field1.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field9.Length != 0) hash ^= Field9.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field18.Length != 0) hash ^= Field18.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field80 != false) hash ^= Field80.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field81 != false) hash ^= Field81.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field2 != 0) hash ^= Field2.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field3 != 0) hash ^= Field3.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field280 != 0) hash ^= Field280.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field6 != 0) hash ^= Field6.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field22 != 0L) hash ^= Field22.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field4.Length != 0) hash ^= Field4.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= field5_.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field59 != false) hash ^= Field59.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field7.Length != 0) hash ^= Field7.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field16 != 0) hash ^= Field16.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field130 != 0) hash ^= Field130.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field12 != false) hash ^= Field12.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field17 != false) hash ^= Field17.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field13 != false) hash ^= Field13.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field14 != false) hash ^= Field14.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field104 != 0) hash ^= Field104.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field100 != 0) hash ^= Field100.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field101 != 0) hash ^= Field101.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field102.Length != 0) hash ^= Field102.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field103.Length != 0) hash ^= Field103.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field29 != 0) hash ^= Field29.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field30 != false) hash ^= Field30.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field60 != 0) hash ^= Field60.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field271 != 0) hash ^= Field271.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field272 != 0) hash ^= Field272.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field150 != 0) hash ^= Field150.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field23 != 0) hash ^= Field23.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field24 != false) hash ^= Field24.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field25 != 0) hash ^= Field25.GetHashCode();
+      if (field15_ != null) hash ^= Field15.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field78 != false) hash ^= Field78.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field67 != 0) hash ^= Field67.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field68 != 0) hash ^= Field68.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field128 != 0) hash ^= Field128.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field129.Length != 0) hash ^= Field129.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field131 != 0) hash ^= Field131.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Field1.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Field1);
+      }
+      if (Field2 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field2);
+      }
+      if (Field3 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field3);
+      }
+      if (Field4.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(34);
+        output.WriteString(Field4);
+      }
+      field5_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_field5_codec);
+      if (Field6 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(48);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field6);
+      }
+      if (Field7.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(58);
+        output.WriteString(Field7);
+      }
+      if (Field9.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(74);
+        output.WriteString(Field9);
+      }
+      if (Field12 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(96);
+        output.WriteBool(Field12);
+      }
+      if (Field13 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(104);
+        output.WriteBool(Field13);
+      }
+      if (Field14 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(112);
+        output.WriteBool(Field14);
+      }
+      if (field15_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(122);
+        output.WriteMessage(Field15);
+      }
+      if (Field16 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field16);
+      }
+      if (Field17 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 1);
+        output.WriteBool(Field17);
+      }
+      if (Field18.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(146, 1);
+        output.WriteString(Field18);
+      }
+      if (Field22 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(176, 1);
+        output.WriteInt64(Field22);
+      }
+      if (Field23 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(184, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field23);
+      }
+      if (Field24 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(192, 1);
+        output.WriteBool(Field24);
+      }
+      if (Field25 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(200, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field25);
+      }
+      if (Field29 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(232, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field29);
+      }
+      if (Field30 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(240, 1);
+        output.WriteBool(Field30);
+      }
+      if (Field59 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(216, 3);
+        output.WriteBool(Field59);
+      }
+      if (Field60 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(224, 3);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field60);
+      }
+      if (Field67 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(152, 4);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field67);
+      }
+      if (Field68 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(160, 4);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field68);
+      }
+      if (Field78 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(240, 4);
+        output.WriteBool(Field78);
+      }
+      if (Field80 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 5);
+        output.WriteBool(Field80);
+      }
+      if (Field81 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 5);
+        output.WriteBool(Field81);
+      }
+      if (Field100 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(160, 6);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field100);
+      }
+      if (Field101 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(168, 6);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field101);
+      }
+      if (Field102.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(178, 6);
+        output.WriteString(Field102);
+      }
+      if (Field103.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(186, 6);
+        output.WriteString(Field103);
+      }
+      if (Field104 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(192, 6);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field104);
+      }
+      if (Field128 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 8);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field128);
+      }
+      if (Field129.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(138, 8);
+        output.WriteString(Field129);
+      }
+      if (Field130 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(144, 8);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field130);
+      }
+      if (Field131 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(152, 8);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field131);
+      }
+      if (Field150 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(176, 9);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field150);
+      }
+      if (Field271 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 16);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field271);
+      }
+      if (Field272 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 17);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field272);
+      }
+      if (Field280 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(192, 17);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field280);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Field1.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Field1);
+      }
+      if (Field9.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Field9);
+      }
+      if (Field18.Length != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Field18);
+      }
+      if (Field80 != false) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field81 != false) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field2 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field2);
+      }
+      if (Field3 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field3);
+      }
+      if (Field280 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field280);
+      }
+      if (Field6 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field6);
+      }
+      if (Field22 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Field22);
+      }
+      if (Field4.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Field4);
+      }
+      size += field5_.CalculateSize(_repeated_field5_codec);
+      if (Field59 != false) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field7.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Field7);
+      }
+      if (Field16 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field16);
+      }
+      if (Field130 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field130);
+      }
+      if (Field12 != false) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field17 != false) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field13 != false) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field14 != false) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field104 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field104);
+      }
+      if (Field100 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field100);
+      }
+      if (Field101 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field101);
+      }
+      if (Field102.Length != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Field102);
+      }
+      if (Field103.Length != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Field103);
+      }
+      if (Field29 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field29);
+      }
+      if (Field30 != false) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field60 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field60);
+      }
+      if (Field271 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field271);
+      }
+      if (Field272 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field272);
+      }
+      if (Field150 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field150);
+      }
+      if (Field23 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field23);
+      }
+      if (Field24 != false) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field25 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field25);
+      }
+      if (field15_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Field15);
+      }
+      if (Field78 != false) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field67 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field67);
+      }
+      if (Field68 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field68);
+      }
+      if (Field128 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field128);
+      }
+      if (Field129.Length != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Field129);
+      }
+      if (Field131 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field131);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(GoogleMessage1 other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Field1.Length != 0) {
+        Field1 = other.Field1;
+      }
+      if (other.Field9.Length != 0) {
+        Field9 = other.Field9;
+      }
+      if (other.Field18.Length != 0) {
+        Field18 = other.Field18;
+      }
+      if (other.Field80 != false) {
+        Field80 = other.Field80;
+      }
+      if (other.Field81 != false) {
+        Field81 = other.Field81;
+      }
+      if (other.Field2 != 0) {
+        Field2 = other.Field2;
+      }
+      if (other.Field3 != 0) {
+        Field3 = other.Field3;
+      }
+      if (other.Field280 != 0) {
+        Field280 = other.Field280;
+      }
+      if (other.Field6 != 0) {
+        Field6 = other.Field6;
+      }
+      if (other.Field22 != 0L) {
+        Field22 = other.Field22;
+      }
+      if (other.Field4.Length != 0) {
+        Field4 = other.Field4;
+      }
+      field5_.Add(other.field5_);
+      if (other.Field59 != false) {
+        Field59 = other.Field59;
+      }
+      if (other.Field7.Length != 0) {
+        Field7 = other.Field7;
+      }
+      if (other.Field16 != 0) {
+        Field16 = other.Field16;
+      }
+      if (other.Field130 != 0) {
+        Field130 = other.Field130;
+      }
+      if (other.Field12 != false) {
+        Field12 = other.Field12;
+      }
+      if (other.Field17 != false) {
+        Field17 = other.Field17;
+      }
+      if (other.Field13 != false) {
+        Field13 = other.Field13;
+      }
+      if (other.Field14 != false) {
+        Field14 = other.Field14;
+      }
+      if (other.Field104 != 0) {
+        Field104 = other.Field104;
+      }
+      if (other.Field100 != 0) {
+        Field100 = other.Field100;
+      }
+      if (other.Field101 != 0) {
+        Field101 = other.Field101;
+      }
+      if (other.Field102.Length != 0) {
+        Field102 = other.Field102;
+      }
+      if (other.Field103.Length != 0) {
+        Field103 = other.Field103;
+      }
+      if (other.Field29 != 0) {
+        Field29 = other.Field29;
+      }
+      if (other.Field30 != false) {
+        Field30 = other.Field30;
+      }
+      if (other.Field60 != 0) {
+        Field60 = other.Field60;
+      }
+      if (other.Field271 != 0) {
+        Field271 = other.Field271;
+      }
+      if (other.Field272 != 0) {
+        Field272 = other.Field272;
+      }
+      if (other.Field150 != 0) {
+        Field150 = other.Field150;
+      }
+      if (other.Field23 != 0) {
+        Field23 = other.Field23;
+      }
+      if (other.Field24 != false) {
+        Field24 = other.Field24;
+      }
+      if (other.Field25 != 0) {
+        Field25 = other.Field25;
+      }
+      if (other.field15_ != null) {
+        if (field15_ == null) {
+          Field15 = new global::Benchmarks.Proto3.GoogleMessage1SubMessage();
+        }
+        Field15.MergeFrom(other.Field15);
+      }
+      if (other.Field78 != false) {
+        Field78 = other.Field78;
+      }
+      if (other.Field67 != 0) {
+        Field67 = other.Field67;
+      }
+      if (other.Field68 != 0) {
+        Field68 = other.Field68;
+      }
+      if (other.Field128 != 0) {
+        Field128 = other.Field128;
+      }
+      if (other.Field129.Length != 0) {
+        Field129 = other.Field129;
+      }
+      if (other.Field131 != 0) {
+        Field131 = other.Field131;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Field1 = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Field2 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            Field3 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            Field4 = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42:
+          case 41: {
+            field5_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_field5_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 48: {
+            Field6 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            Field7 = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 74: {
+            Field9 = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 96: {
+            Field12 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 104: {
+            Field13 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 112: {
+            Field14 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 122: {
+            if (field15_ == null) {
+              Field15 = new global::Benchmarks.Proto3.GoogleMessage1SubMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Field15);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 128: {
+            Field16 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 136: {
+            Field17 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 146: {
+            Field18 = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 176: {
+            Field22 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 184: {
+            Field23 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 192: {
+            Field24 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 200: {
+            Field25 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 232: {
+            Field29 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 240: {
+            Field30 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 472: {
+            Field59 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 480: {
+            Field60 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 536: {
+            Field67 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 544: {
+            Field68 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 624: {
+            Field78 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 640: {
+            Field80 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 648: {
+            Field81 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 800: {
+            Field100 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 808: {
+            Field101 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 818: {
+            Field102 = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 826: {
+            Field103 = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 832: {
+            Field104 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1024: {
+            Field128 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1034: {
+            Field129 = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1040: {
+            Field130 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1048: {
+            Field131 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1200: {
+            Field150 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2168: {
+            Field271 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2176: {
+            Field272 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2240: {
+            Field280 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class GoogleMessage1SubMessage : pb::IMessage<GoogleMessage1SubMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<GoogleMessage1SubMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<GoogleMessage1SubMessage>(() => new GoogleMessage1SubMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<GoogleMessage1SubMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Benchmarks.Proto3.BenchmarkMessage1Proto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public GoogleMessage1SubMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public GoogleMessage1SubMessage(GoogleMessage1SubMessage other) : this() {
+      field1_ = other.field1_;
+      field2_ = other.field2_;
+      field3_ = other.field3_;
+      field15_ = other.field15_;
+      field12_ = other.field12_;
+      field13_ = other.field13_;
+      field14_ = other.field14_;
+      field16_ = other.field16_;
+      field19_ = other.field19_;
+      field20_ = other.field20_;
+      field28_ = other.field28_;
+      field21_ = other.field21_;
+      field22_ = other.field22_;
+      field23_ = other.field23_;
+      field206_ = other.field206_;
+      field203_ = other.field203_;
+      field204_ = other.field204_;
+      field205_ = other.field205_;
+      field207_ = other.field207_;
+      field300_ = other.field300_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public GoogleMessage1SubMessage Clone() {
+      return new GoogleMessage1SubMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field1" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field1FieldNumber = 1;
+    private int field1_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field1 {
+      get { return field1_; }
+      set {
+        field1_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field2" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field2FieldNumber = 2;
+    private int field2_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field2 {
+      get { return field2_; }
+      set {
+        field2_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field3" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field3FieldNumber = 3;
+    private int field3_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field3 {
+      get { return field3_; }
+      set {
+        field3_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field15" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field15FieldNumber = 15;
+    private string field15_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Field15 {
+      get { return field15_; }
+      set {
+        field15_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field12" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field12FieldNumber = 12;
+    private bool field12_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field12 {
+      get { return field12_; }
+      set {
+        field12_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field13" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field13FieldNumber = 13;
+    private long field13_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Field13 {
+      get { return field13_; }
+      set {
+        field13_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field14" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field14FieldNumber = 14;
+    private long field14_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Field14 {
+      get { return field14_; }
+      set {
+        field14_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field16" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field16FieldNumber = 16;
+    private int field16_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field16 {
+      get { return field16_; }
+      set {
+        field16_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field19" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field19FieldNumber = 19;
+    private int field19_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field19 {
+      get { return field19_; }
+      set {
+        field19_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field20" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field20FieldNumber = 20;
+    private bool field20_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field20 {
+      get { return field20_; }
+      set {
+        field20_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field28" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field28FieldNumber = 28;
+    private bool field28_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field28 {
+      get { return field28_; }
+      set {
+        field28_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field21" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field21FieldNumber = 21;
+    private ulong field21_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong Field21 {
+      get { return field21_; }
+      set {
+        field21_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field22" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field22FieldNumber = 22;
+    private int field22_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field22 {
+      get { return field22_; }
+      set {
+        field22_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field23" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field23FieldNumber = 23;
+    private bool field23_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field23 {
+      get { return field23_; }
+      set {
+        field23_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field206" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field206FieldNumber = 206;
+    private bool field206_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Field206 {
+      get { return field206_; }
+      set {
+        field206_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field203" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field203FieldNumber = 203;
+    private uint field203_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint Field203 {
+      get { return field203_; }
+      set {
+        field203_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field204" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field204FieldNumber = 204;
+    private int field204_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field204 {
+      get { return field204_; }
+      set {
+        field204_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field205" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field205FieldNumber = 205;
+    private string field205_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Field205 {
+      get { return field205_; }
+      set {
+        field205_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field207" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field207FieldNumber = 207;
+    private ulong field207_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong Field207 {
+      get { return field207_; }
+      set {
+        field207_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field300" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field300FieldNumber = 300;
+    private ulong field300_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong Field300 {
+      get { return field300_; }
+      set {
+        field300_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as GoogleMessage1SubMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(GoogleMessage1SubMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Field1 != other.Field1) return false;
+      if (Field2 != other.Field2) return false;
+      if (Field3 != other.Field3) return false;
+      if (Field15 != other.Field15) return false;
+      if (Field12 != other.Field12) return false;
+      if (Field13 != other.Field13) return false;
+      if (Field14 != other.Field14) return false;
+      if (Field16 != other.Field16) return false;
+      if (Field19 != other.Field19) return false;
+      if (Field20 != other.Field20) return false;
+      if (Field28 != other.Field28) return false;
+      if (Field21 != other.Field21) return false;
+      if (Field22 != other.Field22) return false;
+      if (Field23 != other.Field23) return false;
+      if (Field206 != other.Field206) return false;
+      if (Field203 != other.Field203) return false;
+      if (Field204 != other.Field204) return false;
+      if (Field205 != other.Field205) return false;
+      if (Field207 != other.Field207) return false;
+      if (Field300 != other.Field300) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Field1 != 0) hash ^= Field1.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field2 != 0) hash ^= Field2.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field3 != 0) hash ^= Field3.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field15.Length != 0) hash ^= Field15.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field12 != false) hash ^= Field12.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field13 != 0L) hash ^= Field13.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field14 != 0L) hash ^= Field14.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field16 != 0) hash ^= Field16.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field19 != 0) hash ^= Field19.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field20 != false) hash ^= Field20.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field28 != false) hash ^= Field28.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field21 != 0UL) hash ^= Field21.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field22 != 0) hash ^= Field22.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field23 != false) hash ^= Field23.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field206 != false) hash ^= Field206.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field203 != 0) hash ^= Field203.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field204 != 0) hash ^= Field204.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field205.Length != 0) hash ^= Field205.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field207 != 0UL) hash ^= Field207.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field300 != 0UL) hash ^= Field300.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Field1 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field1);
+      }
+      if (Field2 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field2);
+      }
+      if (Field3 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field3);
+      }
+      if (Field12 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(96);
+        output.WriteBool(Field12);
+      }
+      if (Field13 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(104);
+        output.WriteInt64(Field13);
+      }
+      if (Field14 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(112);
+        output.WriteInt64(Field14);
+      }
+      if (Field15.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(122);
+        output.WriteString(Field15);
+      }
+      if (Field16 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field16);
+      }
+      if (Field19 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(152, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field19);
+      }
+      if (Field20 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(160, 1);
+        output.WriteBool(Field20);
+      }
+      if (Field21 != 0UL) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(169, 1);
+        output.WriteFixed64(Field21);
+      }
+      if (Field22 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(176, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field22);
+      }
+      if (Field23 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(184, 1);
+        output.WriteBool(Field23);
+      }
+      if (Field28 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(224, 1);
+        output.WriteBool(Field28);
+      }
+      if (Field203 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(221, 12);
+        output.WriteFixed32(Field203);
+      }
+      if (Field204 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(224, 12);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field204);
+      }
+      if (Field205.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(234, 12);
+        output.WriteString(Field205);
+      }
+      if (Field206 != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(240, 12);
+        output.WriteBool(Field206);
+      }
+      if (Field207 != 0UL) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 12);
+        output.WriteUInt64(Field207);
+      }
+      if (Field300 != 0UL) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(224, 18);
+        output.WriteUInt64(Field300);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Field1 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field1);
+      }
+      if (Field2 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field2);
+      }
+      if (Field3 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field3);
+      }
+      if (Field15.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Field15);
+      }
+      if (Field12 != false) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field13 != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Field13);
+      }
+      if (Field14 != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Field14);
+      }
+      if (Field16 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field16);
+      }
+      if (Field19 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field19);
+      }
+      if (Field20 != false) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field28 != false) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field21 != 0UL) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Field22 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field22);
+      }
+      if (Field23 != false) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field206 != false) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (Field203 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + 4;
+      }
+      if (Field204 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field204);
+      }
+      if (Field205.Length != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Field205);
+      }
+      if (Field207 != 0UL) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(Field207);
+      }
+      if (Field300 != 0UL) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(Field300);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(GoogleMessage1SubMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Field1 != 0) {
+        Field1 = other.Field1;
+      }
+      if (other.Field2 != 0) {
+        Field2 = other.Field2;
+      }
+      if (other.Field3 != 0) {
+        Field3 = other.Field3;
+      }
+      if (other.Field15.Length != 0) {
+        Field15 = other.Field15;
+      }
+      if (other.Field12 != false) {
+        Field12 = other.Field12;
+      }
+      if (other.Field13 != 0L) {
+        Field13 = other.Field13;
+      }
+      if (other.Field14 != 0L) {
+        Field14 = other.Field14;
+      }
+      if (other.Field16 != 0) {
+        Field16 = other.Field16;
+      }
+      if (other.Field19 != 0) {
+        Field19 = other.Field19;
+      }
+      if (other.Field20 != false) {
+        Field20 = other.Field20;
+      }
+      if (other.Field28 != false) {
+        Field28 = other.Field28;
+      }
+      if (other.Field21 != 0UL) {
+        Field21 = other.Field21;
+      }
+      if (other.Field22 != 0) {
+        Field22 = other.Field22;
+      }
+      if (other.Field23 != false) {
+        Field23 = other.Field23;
+      }
+      if (other.Field206 != false) {
+        Field206 = other.Field206;
+      }
+      if (other.Field203 != 0) {
+        Field203 = other.Field203;
+      }
+      if (other.Field204 != 0) {
+        Field204 = other.Field204;
+      }
+      if (other.Field205.Length != 0) {
+        Field205 = other.Field205;
+      }
+      if (other.Field207 != 0UL) {
+        Field207 = other.Field207;
+      }
+      if (other.Field300 != 0UL) {
+        Field300 = other.Field300;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Field1 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Field2 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            Field3 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 96: {
+            Field12 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 104: {
+            Field13 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 112: {
+            Field14 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 122: {
+            Field15 = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 128: {
+            Field16 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 152: {
+            Field19 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 160: {
+            Field20 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 169: {
+            Field21 = input.ReadFixed64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 176: {
+            Field22 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 184: {
+            Field23 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 224: {
+            Field28 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1629: {
+            Field203 = input.ReadFixed32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1632: {
+            Field204 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1642: {
+            Field205 = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1648: {
+            Field206 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1656: {
+            Field207 = input.ReadUInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2400: {
+            Field300 = input.ReadUInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/Benchmarks.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/Benchmarks.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01dfcd72d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/Benchmarks.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: benchmarks.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Benchmarks {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from benchmarks.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class BenchmarksReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for benchmarks.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static BenchmarksReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "ChBiZW5jaG1hcmtzLnByb3RvEgpiZW5jaG1hcmtzIkcKEEJlbmNobWFya0Rh",
+            "dGFzZXQSDAoEbmFtZRgBIAEoCRIUCgxtZXNzYWdlX25hbWUYAiABKAkSDwoH",
+            "cGF5bG9hZBgDIAMoDEIgCh5jb20uZ29vZ2xlLnByb3RvYnVmLmJlbmNobWFy",
+            "a3NiBnByb3RvMw=="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Benchmarks.BenchmarkDataset), global::Benchmarks.BenchmarkDataset.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "MessageName", "Payload" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  public sealed partial class BenchmarkDataset : pb::IMessage<BenchmarkDataset> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<BenchmarkDataset> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<BenchmarkDataset>(() => new BenchmarkDataset());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<BenchmarkDataset> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Benchmarks.BenchmarksReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BenchmarkDataset() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BenchmarkDataset(BenchmarkDataset other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      messageName_ = other.messageName_;
+      payload_ = other.payload_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BenchmarkDataset Clone() {
+      return new BenchmarkDataset(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string name_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Name of the benchmark dataset.  This should be unique across all datasets.
+    /// Should only contain word characters: [a-zA-Z0-9_]
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "message_name" field.</summary>
+    public const int MessageNameFieldNumber = 2;
+    private string messageName_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Fully-qualified name of the protobuf message for this dataset.
+    /// It will be one of the messages defined benchmark_messages_proto2.proto
+    /// or benchmark_messages_proto3.proto.
+    ///
+    /// Implementations that do not support reflection can implement this with
+    /// an explicit "if/else" chain that lists every known message defined
+    /// in those files.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string MessageName {
+      get { return messageName_; }
+      set {
+        messageName_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "payload" field.</summary>
+    public const int PayloadFieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<pb::ByteString> _repeated_payload_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBytes(26);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> payload_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The payload(s) for this dataset.  They should be parsed or serialized
+    /// in sequence, in a loop, ie.
+    ///
+    ///  while (!benchmarkDone) {  // Benchmark runner decides when to exit.
+    ///    for (i = 0; i &lt; benchmark.payload.length; i++) {
+    ///      parse(benchmark.payload[i])
+    ///    }
+    ///  }
+    ///
+    /// This is intended to let datasets include a variety of data to provide
+    /// potentially more realistic results than just parsing the same message
+    /// over and over.  A single message parsed repeatedly could yield unusually
+    /// good branch prediction performance.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> Payload {
+      get { return payload_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as BenchmarkDataset);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(BenchmarkDataset other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if (MessageName != other.MessageName) return false;
+      if(!payload_.Equals(other.payload_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      if (MessageName.Length != 0) hash ^= MessageName.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= payload_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      if (MessageName.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(MessageName);
+      }
+      payload_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_payload_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      if (MessageName.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(MessageName);
+      }
+      size += payload_.CalculateSize(_repeated_payload_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(BenchmarkDataset other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Name.Length != 0) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      if (other.MessageName.Length != 0) {
+        MessageName = other.MessageName;
+      }
+      payload_.Add(other.payload_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            MessageName = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            payload_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_payload_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks.csproj b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ecc064ea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.1</TargetFramework>
+    <IsPackable>False</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.11.4" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Google.Protobuf\Google.Protobuf.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="..\..\..\benchmarks\datasets\google_message1\proto3\dataset.google_message1_proto3.pb" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/Program.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/Program.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f77a2613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2019 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks
+{
+    class Program
+    {
+        // typical usage: dotnet run -c Release -f netcoreapp2.1
+        // (this can profile both .net core and .net framework; for some reason
+        // if you start from "-f net461", it goes horribly wrong)
+        public static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            BenchmarkSwitcher.FromAssembly(typeof(Program).Assembly).Run(args);
+        }
+    }
+
+    
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/SerializationBenchmark.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/SerializationBenchmark.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8c2ec11d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/SerializationBenchmark.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2019 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Benchmark for serializing (to a MemoryStream) and deserializing (from a ByteString).
+    /// Over time we may wish to test the various different approaches to serialization and deserialization separately.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemoryDiagnoser]
+    public class SerializationBenchmark
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// All the configurations to be tested. Add more datasets to the array as they're available.
+        /// (When C# supports proto2, this will increase significantly.)
+        /// </summary>
+        public static SerializationConfig[] Configurations => new[]
+        {
+            new SerializationConfig("dataset.google_message1_proto3.pb")
+        };
+
+        [ParamsSource(nameof(Configurations))]
+        public SerializationConfig Configuration { get; set; }
+
+        private MessageParser parser;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Each data set can contain multiple messages in a single file.
+        /// Each "write" operation should write each message in turn, and each "parse"
+        /// operation should parse each message in turn.
+        /// </summary>
+        private List<SubTest> subTests;
+
+        [GlobalSetup]
+        public void GlobalSetup()
+        {
+            parser = Configuration.Parser;
+            subTests = Configuration.Payloads.Select(p => new SubTest(p, parser.ParseFrom(p))).ToList();
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void WriteToStream() => subTests.ForEach(item => item.WriteToStream());
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void ToByteArray() => subTests.ForEach(item => item.ToByteArray());
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void ParseFromByteString() => subTests.ForEach(item => item.ParseFromByteString(parser));
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void ParseFromStream() => subTests.ForEach(item => item.ParseFromStream(parser));
+
+        private class SubTest
+        {
+            private readonly Stream destinationStream;
+            private readonly Stream sourceStream;
+            private readonly ByteString data;
+            private readonly IMessage message;
+
+            public SubTest(ByteString data, IMessage message)
+            {
+                destinationStream = new MemoryStream(data.Length);
+                sourceStream = new MemoryStream(data.ToByteArray());
+                this.data = data;
+                this.message = message;
+            }
+
+            public void Reset() => destinationStream.Position = 0;
+
+            public void WriteToStream()
+            {
+                destinationStream.Position = 0;
+                message.WriteTo(destinationStream);
+            }
+
+            public void ToByteArray() => message.ToByteArray();
+
+            public void ParseFromByteString(MessageParser parser) => parser.ParseFrom(data);
+
+            public void ParseFromStream(MessageParser parser)
+            {
+                sourceStream.Position = 0;
+                parser.ParseFrom(sourceStream);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/SerializationConfig.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/SerializationConfig.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..679f16cb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/SerializationConfig.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2019 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Benchmarks;
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The configuration for a single serialization test, loaded from a dataset.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class SerializationConfig
+    {
+        private static readonly Dictionary<string, MessageParser> parsersByMessageName = 
+            typeof(SerializationBenchmark).Assembly.GetTypes()
+                .Where(t => typeof(IMessage).IsAssignableFrom(t))
+                .ToDictionary(
+                    t => ((MessageDescriptor) t.GetProperty("Descriptor", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public).GetValue(null)).FullName,
+                    t => ((MessageParser) t.GetProperty("Parser", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public).GetValue(null)));
+
+        public MessageParser Parser { get; }
+        public IEnumerable<ByteString> Payloads { get; }
+        public string Name { get; }
+
+        public SerializationConfig(string resource)
+        {
+            var data = LoadData(resource);
+            var dataset = BenchmarkDataset.Parser.ParseFrom(data);
+
+            if (!parsersByMessageName.TryGetValue(dataset.MessageName, out var parser))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException($"No parser for message {dataset.MessageName} in this assembly");
+            }
+            Parser = parser;
+            Payloads = dataset.Payload;
+            Name = dataset.Name;
+        }
+
+        private static byte[] LoadData(string resource)
+        {
+            using (var stream = typeof(SerializationBenchmark).Assembly.GetManifestResourceStream($"Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks.{resource}"))
+            {
+                if (stream == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException($"Unable to load embedded resource {resource}");
+                }
+                var copy = new MemoryStream();
+                stream.CopyTo(copy);
+                return copy.ToArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString() => Name;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/WrapperBenchmark.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/WrapperBenchmark.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae17c1819
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/WrapperBenchmark.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2019 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Benchmark that tests serialization/deserialization of wrapper fields.
+    /// </summary>
+    [MemoryDiagnoser]
+    public class WrapperBenchmark
+    {
+        byte[] manyWrapperFieldsData;
+        byte[] manyPrimitiveFieldsData;
+
+        [GlobalSetup]
+        public void GlobalSetup()
+        {
+            manyWrapperFieldsData = CreateManyWrapperFieldsMessage().ToByteArray();
+            manyPrimitiveFieldsData = CreateManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage().ToByteArray();
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public ManyWrapperFieldsMessage ParseWrapperFields()
+        {
+            return ManyWrapperFieldsMessage.Parser.ParseFrom(manyWrapperFieldsData);
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage ParsePrimitiveFields()
+        {
+            return ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage.Parser.ParseFrom(manyPrimitiveFieldsData);
+        }
+
+        private static ManyWrapperFieldsMessage CreateManyWrapperFieldsMessage()
+        {
+            // Example data match data of an internal benchmarks
+            return new ManyWrapperFieldsMessage()
+            {
+                Int64Field19 = 123,
+                Int64Field37 = 1000032,
+                Int64Field26 = 3453524500,
+                DoubleField79 = 1.2,
+                DoubleField25 = 234,
+                DoubleField9 = 123.3,
+                DoubleField28 = 23,
+                DoubleField7 = 234,
+                DoubleField50 = 2.45
+            };
+        }
+
+        private static ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage CreateManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage()
+        {
+            // Example data match data of an internal benchmarks
+            return new ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage()
+            {
+                Int64Field19 = 123,
+                Int64Field37 = 1000032,
+                Int64Field26 = 3453524500,
+                DoubleField79 = 1.2,
+                DoubleField25 = 234,
+                DoubleField9 = 123.3,
+                DoubleField28 = 23,
+                DoubleField7 = 234,
+                DoubleField50 = 2.45
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/WrapperBenchmarkMessages.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/WrapperBenchmarkMessages.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0cc86e2ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/WrapperBenchmarkMessages.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,7294 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: wrapper_benchmark_messages.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from wrapper_benchmark_messages.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class WrapperBenchmarkMessagesReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for wrapper_benchmark_messages.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static WrapperBenchmarkMessagesReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
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+            "aWVsZF84ORhZIAEoARIXCg9kb3VibGVfZmllbGRfNDgYMCABKAESFwoPZG91",
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+            "Cg9kb3VibGVfZmllbGRfOTAYWiABKAESFwoPZG91YmxlX2ZpZWxkXzUxGDMg",
+            "ASgBEhcKD2RvdWJsZV9maWVsZF85MRhbIAEoARIXCg9kb3VibGVfZmllbGRf",
+            "OTIYXCABKAESFwoPaW50NjRfZmllbGRfMTA3GGsgASgDEhcKD2RvdWJsZV9m",
+            "aWVsZF85MxhdIAEoARIYChBkb3VibGVfZmllbGRfMTA4GGwgASgBEhcKD2Rv",
+            "dWJsZV9maWVsZF81Mhg0IAEoARIXCg9kb3VibGVfZmllbGRfNTMYNSABKAES",
+            "FwoPZG91YmxlX2ZpZWxkXzk0GF4gASgBEhcKD2RvdWJsZV9maWVsZF81NBg2",
+            "IAEoARIXCg9kb3VibGVfZmllbGRfNTUYNyABKAESFwoPZG91YmxlX2ZpZWxk",
+            "XzU2GDggASgBEhcKD2RvdWJsZV9maWVsZF81Nxg5IAEoARIXCg9kb3VibGVf",
+            "ZmllbGRfNTgYOiABKAESFgoOaW50NjRfZmllbGRfNTkYOyABKAMSFgoOaW50",
+            "NjRfZmllbGRfNjAYPCABKANiBnByb3RvMw=="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.WrappersReflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks.ManyWrapperFieldsMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks.ManyWrapperFieldsMessage.Parser, new[]{ "DoubleField95", "DoubleField1", "DoubleField79", "Int64Field2", "DoubleField96", "Int64Field3", "Int64Field4", "DoubleField97", "DoubleField65", "DoubleField66", "DoubleField7", "DoubleField62", "DoubleField118", "DoubleField119", "DoubleField67", "DoubleField120", "DoubleField121", "DoubleField122", "DoubleField123", "DoubleField124", "DoubleField8", "DoubleField9", "DoubleField98", "DoubleField10", "DoubleField11", "DoubleField99", "DoubleField84", "DoubleField14", "DoubleField77", "DoubleField15", "Int64Field19", "Int64Field115", "DoubleField116", "Int64Field117", "DoubleField20", "DoubleField21", "StringField73", "StringField74", "DoubleField22", "DoubleField69", "DoubleField70", "DoubleField71", "DoubleField72", "DoubleField25", "Int64Field26", "DoubleField68", "DoubleField28", "DoubleField106", "DoubleField29", "DoubleField30", "DoubleField101", "DoubleField102", "DoubleField103", "DoubleField104", "DoubleField105", "DoubleField31", "Int64Field32", "DoubleField75", "DoubleField129", "EnumField80", "EnumField81", "Int64Field82", "EnumField83", "Int64Field85", "Int64Field86", "Int64Field87", "Int64Field125", "Int64Field37", "DoubleField38", "Interactions", "RepeatedIntField100", "DoubleField40", "Int64Field41", "Int64Field126", "Int64Field127", "DoubleField128", "DoubleField109", "Int64Field110", "DoubleField111", "Int64Field112", "DoubleField113", "Int64Field114", "DoubleField42", "Int64Field43", "Int64Field44", "DoubleField45", "DoubleField46", "DoubleField78", "DoubleField88", "DoubleField47", "DoubleField89", "DoubleField48", "DoubleField49", "DoubleField50", "DoubleField90", "DoubleField51", "DoubleField91", "DoubleField92", "Int64Field107", "DoubleField93", "DoubleField108", "DoubleField52", "DoubleField53", "DoubleField94", "DoubleField54", "DoubleField55", "DoubleField56", "DoubleField57", "DoubleField58", "Int64Field59", "Int64Field60" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks.ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks.ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage.Parser, new[]{ "DoubleField95", "DoubleField1", "DoubleField79", "Int64Field2", "DoubleField96", "Int64Field3", "Int64Field4", "DoubleField97", "DoubleField65", "DoubleField66", "DoubleField7", "DoubleField62", "DoubleField118", "DoubleField119", "DoubleField67", "DoubleField120", "DoubleField121", "DoubleField122", "DoubleField123", "DoubleField124", "DoubleField8", "DoubleField9", "DoubleField98", "DoubleField10", "DoubleField11", "DoubleField99", "DoubleField84", "DoubleField14", "DoubleField77", "DoubleField15", "Int64Field19", "Int64Field115", "DoubleField116", "Int64Field117", "DoubleField20", "DoubleField21", "StringField73", "StringField74", "DoubleField22", "DoubleField69", "DoubleField70", "DoubleField71", "DoubleField72", "DoubleField25", "Int64Field26", "DoubleField68", "DoubleField28", "DoubleField106", "DoubleField29", "DoubleField30", "DoubleField101", "DoubleField102", "DoubleField103", "DoubleField104", "DoubleField105", "DoubleField31", "Int64Field32", "DoubleField75", "DoubleField129", "EnumField80", "EnumField81", "Int64Field82", "EnumField83", "Int64Field85", "Int64Field86", "Int64Field87", "Int64Field125", "Int64Field37", "DoubleField38", "Interactions", "RepeatedIntField100", "DoubleField40", "Int64Field41", "Int64Field126", "Int64Field127", "DoubleField128", "DoubleField109", "Int64Field110", "DoubleField111", "Int64Field112", "DoubleField113", "Int64Field114", "DoubleField42", "Int64Field43", "Int64Field44", "DoubleField45", "DoubleField46", "DoubleField78", "DoubleField88", "DoubleField47", "DoubleField89", "DoubleField48", "DoubleField49", "DoubleField50", "DoubleField90", "DoubleField51", "DoubleField91", "DoubleField92", "Int64Field107", "DoubleField93", "DoubleField108", "DoubleField52", "DoubleField53", "DoubleField94", "DoubleField54", "DoubleField55", "DoubleField56", "DoubleField57", "DoubleField58", "Int64Field59", "Int64Field60" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// a message that has a large number of wrapper fields
+  /// obfuscated version of an internal message
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class ManyWrapperFieldsMessage : pb::IMessage<ManyWrapperFieldsMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ManyWrapperFieldsMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ManyWrapperFieldsMessage>(() => new ManyWrapperFieldsMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ManyWrapperFieldsMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks.WrapperBenchmarkMessagesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ManyWrapperFieldsMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ManyWrapperFieldsMessage(ManyWrapperFieldsMessage other) : this() {
+      DoubleField95 = other.DoubleField95;
+      DoubleField1 = other.DoubleField1;
+      DoubleField79 = other.DoubleField79;
+      Int64Field2 = other.Int64Field2;
+      DoubleField96 = other.DoubleField96;
+      Int64Field3 = other.Int64Field3;
+      Int64Field4 = other.Int64Field4;
+      DoubleField97 = other.DoubleField97;
+      DoubleField65 = other.DoubleField65;
+      DoubleField66 = other.DoubleField66;
+      DoubleField7 = other.DoubleField7;
+      DoubleField62 = other.DoubleField62;
+      DoubleField118 = other.DoubleField118;
+      DoubleField119 = other.DoubleField119;
+      DoubleField67 = other.DoubleField67;
+      DoubleField120 = other.DoubleField120;
+      DoubleField121 = other.DoubleField121;
+      DoubleField122 = other.DoubleField122;
+      DoubleField123 = other.DoubleField123;
+      DoubleField124 = other.DoubleField124;
+      DoubleField8 = other.DoubleField8;
+      DoubleField9 = other.DoubleField9;
+      DoubleField98 = other.DoubleField98;
+      DoubleField10 = other.DoubleField10;
+      DoubleField11 = other.DoubleField11;
+      DoubleField99 = other.DoubleField99;
+      DoubleField84 = other.DoubleField84;
+      DoubleField14 = other.DoubleField14;
+      DoubleField77 = other.DoubleField77;
+      DoubleField15 = other.DoubleField15;
+      Int64Field19 = other.Int64Field19;
+      Int64Field115 = other.Int64Field115;
+      DoubleField116 = other.DoubleField116;
+      Int64Field117 = other.Int64Field117;
+      DoubleField20 = other.DoubleField20;
+      DoubleField21 = other.DoubleField21;
+      StringField73 = other.StringField73;
+      StringField74 = other.StringField74;
+      DoubleField22 = other.DoubleField22;
+      DoubleField69 = other.DoubleField69;
+      DoubleField70 = other.DoubleField70;
+      DoubleField71 = other.DoubleField71;
+      DoubleField72 = other.DoubleField72;
+      DoubleField25 = other.DoubleField25;
+      Int64Field26 = other.Int64Field26;
+      DoubleField68 = other.DoubleField68;
+      DoubleField28 = other.DoubleField28;
+      DoubleField106 = other.DoubleField106;
+      DoubleField29 = other.DoubleField29;
+      DoubleField30 = other.DoubleField30;
+      DoubleField101 = other.DoubleField101;
+      DoubleField102 = other.DoubleField102;
+      DoubleField103 = other.DoubleField103;
+      DoubleField104 = other.DoubleField104;
+      DoubleField105 = other.DoubleField105;
+      DoubleField31 = other.DoubleField31;
+      Int64Field32 = other.Int64Field32;
+      DoubleField75 = other.DoubleField75;
+      DoubleField129 = other.DoubleField129;
+      enumField80_ = other.enumField80_;
+      enumField81_ = other.enumField81_;
+      Int64Field82 = other.Int64Field82;
+      enumField83_ = other.enumField83_;
+      Int64Field85 = other.Int64Field85;
+      Int64Field86 = other.Int64Field86;
+      Int64Field87 = other.Int64Field87;
+      Int64Field125 = other.Int64Field125;
+      Int64Field37 = other.Int64Field37;
+      DoubleField38 = other.DoubleField38;
+      Interactions = other.Interactions;
+      repeatedIntField100_ = other.repeatedIntField100_.Clone();
+      DoubleField40 = other.DoubleField40;
+      Int64Field41 = other.Int64Field41;
+      Int64Field126 = other.Int64Field126;
+      Int64Field127 = other.Int64Field127;
+      DoubleField128 = other.DoubleField128;
+      DoubleField109 = other.DoubleField109;
+      Int64Field110 = other.Int64Field110;
+      DoubleField111 = other.DoubleField111;
+      Int64Field112 = other.Int64Field112;
+      DoubleField113 = other.DoubleField113;
+      Int64Field114 = other.Int64Field114;
+      DoubleField42 = other.DoubleField42;
+      Int64Field43 = other.Int64Field43;
+      Int64Field44 = other.Int64Field44;
+      DoubleField45 = other.DoubleField45;
+      DoubleField46 = other.DoubleField46;
+      DoubleField78 = other.DoubleField78;
+      DoubleField88 = other.DoubleField88;
+      DoubleField47 = other.DoubleField47;
+      DoubleField89 = other.DoubleField89;
+      DoubleField48 = other.DoubleField48;
+      DoubleField49 = other.DoubleField49;
+      DoubleField50 = other.DoubleField50;
+      DoubleField90 = other.DoubleField90;
+      DoubleField51 = other.DoubleField51;
+      DoubleField91 = other.DoubleField91;
+      DoubleField92 = other.DoubleField92;
+      Int64Field107 = other.Int64Field107;
+      DoubleField93 = other.DoubleField93;
+      DoubleField108 = other.DoubleField108;
+      DoubleField52 = other.DoubleField52;
+      DoubleField53 = other.DoubleField53;
+      DoubleField94 = other.DoubleField94;
+      DoubleField54 = other.DoubleField54;
+      DoubleField55 = other.DoubleField55;
+      DoubleField56 = other.DoubleField56;
+      DoubleField57 = other.DoubleField57;
+      DoubleField58 = other.DoubleField58;
+      Int64Field59 = other.Int64Field59;
+      Int64Field60 = other.Int64Field60;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ManyWrapperFieldsMessage Clone() {
+      return new ManyWrapperFieldsMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_95" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField95FieldNumber = 95;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField95_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(762);
+    private double? doubleField95_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField95 {
+      get { return doubleField95_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField95_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_1" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField1FieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField1_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(10);
+    private double? doubleField1_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField1 {
+      get { return doubleField1_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField1_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_79" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField79FieldNumber = 79;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField79_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(634);
+    private double? doubleField79_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField79 {
+      get { return doubleField79_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField79_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_2" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field2FieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field2_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(18);
+    private long? int64Field2_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field2 {
+      get { return int64Field2_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field2_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_96" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField96FieldNumber = 96;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField96_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(770);
+    private double? doubleField96_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField96 {
+      get { return doubleField96_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField96_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_3" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field3FieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field3_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(26);
+    private long? int64Field3_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field3 {
+      get { return int64Field3_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field3_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_4" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field4FieldNumber = 4;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field4_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(34);
+    private long? int64Field4_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field4 {
+      get { return int64Field4_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field4_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_97" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField97FieldNumber = 97;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField97_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(778);
+    private double? doubleField97_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField97 {
+      get { return doubleField97_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField97_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_65" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField65FieldNumber = 65;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField65_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(522);
+    private double? doubleField65_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField65 {
+      get { return doubleField65_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField65_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_66" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField66FieldNumber = 66;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField66_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(530);
+    private double? doubleField66_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField66 {
+      get { return doubleField66_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField66_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_7" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField7FieldNumber = 7;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField7_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(58);
+    private double? doubleField7_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField7 {
+      get { return doubleField7_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField7_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_62" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField62FieldNumber = 62;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField62_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(498);
+    private double? doubleField62_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField62 {
+      get { return doubleField62_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField62_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_118" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField118FieldNumber = 118;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField118_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(946);
+    private double? doubleField118_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField118 {
+      get { return doubleField118_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField118_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_119" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField119FieldNumber = 119;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField119_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(954);
+    private double? doubleField119_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField119 {
+      get { return doubleField119_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField119_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_67" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField67FieldNumber = 67;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField67_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(538);
+    private double? doubleField67_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField67 {
+      get { return doubleField67_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField67_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_120" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField120FieldNumber = 120;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField120_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(962);
+    private double? doubleField120_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField120 {
+      get { return doubleField120_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField120_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_121" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField121FieldNumber = 121;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField121_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(970);
+    private double? doubleField121_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField121 {
+      get { return doubleField121_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField121_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_122" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField122FieldNumber = 122;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField122_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(978);
+    private double? doubleField122_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField122 {
+      get { return doubleField122_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField122_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_123" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField123FieldNumber = 123;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField123_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(986);
+    private double? doubleField123_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField123 {
+      get { return doubleField123_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField123_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_124" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField124FieldNumber = 124;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField124_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(994);
+    private double? doubleField124_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField124 {
+      get { return doubleField124_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField124_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_8" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField8FieldNumber = 8;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField8_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(66);
+    private double? doubleField8_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField8 {
+      get { return doubleField8_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField8_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_9" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField9FieldNumber = 9;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField9_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(74);
+    private double? doubleField9_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField9 {
+      get { return doubleField9_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField9_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_98" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField98FieldNumber = 98;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField98_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(786);
+    private double? doubleField98_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField98 {
+      get { return doubleField98_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField98_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_10" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField10FieldNumber = 10;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField10_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(82);
+    private double? doubleField10_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField10 {
+      get { return doubleField10_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField10_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_11" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField11FieldNumber = 11;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField11_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(90);
+    private double? doubleField11_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField11 {
+      get { return doubleField11_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField11_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_99" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField99FieldNumber = 99;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField99_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(794);
+    private double? doubleField99_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField99 {
+      get { return doubleField99_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField99_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_84" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField84FieldNumber = 84;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField84_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(674);
+    private double? doubleField84_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField84 {
+      get { return doubleField84_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField84_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_14" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField14FieldNumber = 14;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField14_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(114);
+    private double? doubleField14_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField14 {
+      get { return doubleField14_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField14_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_77" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField77FieldNumber = 77;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField77_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(618);
+    private double? doubleField77_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField77 {
+      get { return doubleField77_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField77_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_15" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField15FieldNumber = 15;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField15_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(122);
+    private double? doubleField15_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField15 {
+      get { return doubleField15_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField15_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_19" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field19FieldNumber = 19;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field19_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(154);
+    private long? int64Field19_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field19 {
+      get { return int64Field19_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field19_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_115" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field115FieldNumber = 115;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field115_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(922);
+    private long? int64Field115_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field115 {
+      get { return int64Field115_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field115_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_116" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField116FieldNumber = 116;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField116_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(930);
+    private double? doubleField116_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField116 {
+      get { return doubleField116_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField116_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_117" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field117FieldNumber = 117;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field117_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(938);
+    private long? int64Field117_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field117 {
+      get { return int64Field117_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field117_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_20" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField20FieldNumber = 20;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField20_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(162);
+    private double? doubleField20_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField20 {
+      get { return doubleField20_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField20_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_21" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField21FieldNumber = 21;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField21_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(170);
+    private double? doubleField21_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField21 {
+      get { return doubleField21_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField21_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "string_field_73" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringField73FieldNumber = 73;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _single_stringField73_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<string>(586);
+    private string stringField73_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string StringField73 {
+      get { return stringField73_; }
+      set {
+        stringField73_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "string_field_74" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringField74FieldNumber = 74;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _single_stringField74_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<string>(594);
+    private string stringField74_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string StringField74 {
+      get { return stringField74_; }
+      set {
+        stringField74_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_22" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField22FieldNumber = 22;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField22_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(178);
+    private double? doubleField22_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField22 {
+      get { return doubleField22_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField22_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_69" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField69FieldNumber = 69;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField69_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(554);
+    private double? doubleField69_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField69 {
+      get { return doubleField69_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField69_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_70" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField70FieldNumber = 70;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField70_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(562);
+    private double? doubleField70_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField70 {
+      get { return doubleField70_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField70_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_71" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField71FieldNumber = 71;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField71_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(570);
+    private double? doubleField71_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField71 {
+      get { return doubleField71_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField71_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_72" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField72FieldNumber = 72;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField72_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(578);
+    private double? doubleField72_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField72 {
+      get { return doubleField72_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField72_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_25" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField25FieldNumber = 25;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField25_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(202);
+    private double? doubleField25_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField25 {
+      get { return doubleField25_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField25_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_26" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field26FieldNumber = 26;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field26_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(210);
+    private long? int64Field26_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field26 {
+      get { return int64Field26_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field26_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_68" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField68FieldNumber = 68;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField68_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(546);
+    private double? doubleField68_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField68 {
+      get { return doubleField68_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField68_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_28" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField28FieldNumber = 28;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField28_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(226);
+    private double? doubleField28_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField28 {
+      get { return doubleField28_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField28_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_106" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField106FieldNumber = 106;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField106_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(850);
+    private double? doubleField106_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField106 {
+      get { return doubleField106_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField106_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_29" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField29FieldNumber = 29;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField29_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(234);
+    private double? doubleField29_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField29 {
+      get { return doubleField29_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField29_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_30" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField30FieldNumber = 30;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField30_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(242);
+    private double? doubleField30_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField30 {
+      get { return doubleField30_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField30_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_101" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField101FieldNumber = 101;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField101_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(810);
+    private double? doubleField101_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField101 {
+      get { return doubleField101_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField101_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_102" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField102FieldNumber = 102;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField102_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(818);
+    private double? doubleField102_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField102 {
+      get { return doubleField102_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField102_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_103" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField103FieldNumber = 103;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField103_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(826);
+    private double? doubleField103_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField103 {
+      get { return doubleField103_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField103_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_104" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField104FieldNumber = 104;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField104_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(834);
+    private double? doubleField104_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField104 {
+      get { return doubleField104_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField104_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_105" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField105FieldNumber = 105;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField105_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(842);
+    private double? doubleField105_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField105 {
+      get { return doubleField105_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField105_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_31" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField31FieldNumber = 31;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField31_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(250);
+    private double? doubleField31_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField31 {
+      get { return doubleField31_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField31_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_32" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field32FieldNumber = 32;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field32_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(258);
+    private long? int64Field32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field32 {
+      get { return int64Field32_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_75" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField75FieldNumber = 75;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField75_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(602);
+    private double? doubleField75_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField75 {
+      get { return doubleField75_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField75_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_129" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField129FieldNumber = 129;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField129_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(1034);
+    private double? doubleField129_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField129 {
+      get { return doubleField129_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField129_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "enum_field_80" field.</summary>
+    public const int EnumField80FieldNumber = 80;
+    private int enumField80_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int EnumField80 {
+      get { return enumField80_; }
+      set {
+        enumField80_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "enum_field_81" field.</summary>
+    public const int EnumField81FieldNumber = 81;
+    private int enumField81_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int EnumField81 {
+      get { return enumField81_; }
+      set {
+        enumField81_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_82" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field82FieldNumber = 82;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field82_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(658);
+    private long? int64Field82_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field82 {
+      get { return int64Field82_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field82_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "enum_field_83" field.</summary>
+    public const int EnumField83FieldNumber = 83;
+    private int enumField83_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int EnumField83 {
+      get { return enumField83_; }
+      set {
+        enumField83_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_85" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field85FieldNumber = 85;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field85_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(682);
+    private long? int64Field85_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field85 {
+      get { return int64Field85_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field85_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_86" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field86FieldNumber = 86;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field86_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(690);
+    private long? int64Field86_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field86 {
+      get { return int64Field86_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field86_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_87" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field87FieldNumber = 87;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field87_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(698);
+    private long? int64Field87_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field87 {
+      get { return int64Field87_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field87_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_125" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field125FieldNumber = 125;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field125_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(1002);
+    private long? int64Field125_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field125 {
+      get { return int64Field125_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field125_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_37" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field37FieldNumber = 37;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field37_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(298);
+    private long? int64Field37_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field37 {
+      get { return int64Field37_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field37_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_38" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField38FieldNumber = 38;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField38_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(306);
+    private double? doubleField38_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField38 {
+      get { return doubleField38_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField38_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "interactions" field.</summary>
+    public const int InteractionsFieldNumber = 39;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_interactions_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(314);
+    private long? interactions_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Interactions {
+      get { return interactions_; }
+      set {
+        interactions_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int_field_100" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedIntField100FieldNumber = 100;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedIntField100_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(802);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedIntField100_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedIntField100 {
+      get { return repeatedIntField100_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_40" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField40FieldNumber = 40;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField40_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(322);
+    private double? doubleField40_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField40 {
+      get { return doubleField40_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField40_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_41" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field41FieldNumber = 41;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field41_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(330);
+    private long? int64Field41_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field41 {
+      get { return int64Field41_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field41_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_126" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field126FieldNumber = 126;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field126_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(1010);
+    private long? int64Field126_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field126 {
+      get { return int64Field126_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field126_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_127" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field127FieldNumber = 127;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field127_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(1018);
+    private long? int64Field127_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field127 {
+      get { return int64Field127_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field127_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_128" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField128FieldNumber = 128;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField128_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(1026);
+    private double? doubleField128_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField128 {
+      get { return doubleField128_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField128_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_109" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField109FieldNumber = 109;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField109_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(874);
+    private double? doubleField109_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField109 {
+      get { return doubleField109_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField109_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_110" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field110FieldNumber = 110;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field110_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(882);
+    private long? int64Field110_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field110 {
+      get { return int64Field110_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field110_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_111" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField111FieldNumber = 111;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField111_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(890);
+    private double? doubleField111_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField111 {
+      get { return doubleField111_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField111_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_112" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field112FieldNumber = 112;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field112_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(898);
+    private long? int64Field112_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field112 {
+      get { return int64Field112_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field112_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_113" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField113FieldNumber = 113;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField113_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(906);
+    private double? doubleField113_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField113 {
+      get { return doubleField113_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField113_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_114" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field114FieldNumber = 114;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field114_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(914);
+    private long? int64Field114_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field114 {
+      get { return int64Field114_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field114_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_42" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField42FieldNumber = 42;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField42_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(338);
+    private double? doubleField42_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField42 {
+      get { return doubleField42_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField42_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_43" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field43FieldNumber = 43;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field43_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(346);
+    private long? int64Field43_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field43 {
+      get { return int64Field43_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field43_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_44" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field44FieldNumber = 44;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field44_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(354);
+    private long? int64Field44_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field44 {
+      get { return int64Field44_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field44_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_45" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField45FieldNumber = 45;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField45_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(362);
+    private double? doubleField45_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField45 {
+      get { return doubleField45_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField45_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_46" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField46FieldNumber = 46;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField46_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(370);
+    private double? doubleField46_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField46 {
+      get { return doubleField46_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField46_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_78" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField78FieldNumber = 78;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField78_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(626);
+    private double? doubleField78_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField78 {
+      get { return doubleField78_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField78_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_88" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField88FieldNumber = 88;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField88_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(706);
+    private double? doubleField88_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField88 {
+      get { return doubleField88_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField88_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_47" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField47FieldNumber = 47;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField47_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(378);
+    private double? doubleField47_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField47 {
+      get { return doubleField47_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField47_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_89" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField89FieldNumber = 89;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField89_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(714);
+    private double? doubleField89_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField89 {
+      get { return doubleField89_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField89_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_48" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField48FieldNumber = 48;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField48_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(386);
+    private double? doubleField48_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField48 {
+      get { return doubleField48_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField48_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_49" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField49FieldNumber = 49;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField49_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(394);
+    private double? doubleField49_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField49 {
+      get { return doubleField49_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField49_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_50" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField50FieldNumber = 50;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField50_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(402);
+    private double? doubleField50_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField50 {
+      get { return doubleField50_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField50_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_90" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField90FieldNumber = 90;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField90_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(722);
+    private double? doubleField90_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField90 {
+      get { return doubleField90_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField90_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_51" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField51FieldNumber = 51;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField51_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(410);
+    private double? doubleField51_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField51 {
+      get { return doubleField51_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField51_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_91" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField91FieldNumber = 91;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField91_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(730);
+    private double? doubleField91_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField91 {
+      get { return doubleField91_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField91_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_92" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField92FieldNumber = 92;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField92_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(738);
+    private double? doubleField92_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField92 {
+      get { return doubleField92_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField92_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_107" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field107FieldNumber = 107;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field107_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(858);
+    private long? int64Field107_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field107 {
+      get { return int64Field107_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field107_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_93" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField93FieldNumber = 93;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField93_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(746);
+    private double? doubleField93_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField93 {
+      get { return doubleField93_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField93_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_108" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField108FieldNumber = 108;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField108_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(866);
+    private double? doubleField108_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField108 {
+      get { return doubleField108_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField108_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_52" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField52FieldNumber = 52;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField52_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(418);
+    private double? doubleField52_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField52 {
+      get { return doubleField52_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField52_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_53" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField53FieldNumber = 53;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField53_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(426);
+    private double? doubleField53_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField53 {
+      get { return doubleField53_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField53_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_94" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField94FieldNumber = 94;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField94_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(754);
+    private double? doubleField94_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField94 {
+      get { return doubleField94_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField94_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_54" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField54FieldNumber = 54;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField54_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(434);
+    private double? doubleField54_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField54 {
+      get { return doubleField54_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField54_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_55" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField55FieldNumber = 55;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField55_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(442);
+    private double? doubleField55_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField55 {
+      get { return doubleField55_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField55_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_56" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField56FieldNumber = 56;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField56_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(450);
+    private double? doubleField56_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField56 {
+      get { return doubleField56_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField56_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_57" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField57FieldNumber = 57;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField57_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(458);
+    private double? doubleField57_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField57 {
+      get { return doubleField57_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField57_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_58" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField58FieldNumber = 58;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField58_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(466);
+    private double? doubleField58_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField58 {
+      get { return doubleField58_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField58_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_59" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field59FieldNumber = 59;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field59_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(474);
+    private long? int64Field59_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field59 {
+      get { return int64Field59_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field59_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_60" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field60FieldNumber = 60;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field60_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(482);
+    private long? int64Field60_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field60 {
+      get { return int64Field60_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field60_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ManyWrapperFieldsMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ManyWrapperFieldsMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField95, other.DoubleField95)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField1, other.DoubleField1)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField79, other.DoubleField79)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field2 != other.Int64Field2) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField96, other.DoubleField96)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field3 != other.Int64Field3) return false;
+      if (Int64Field4 != other.Int64Field4) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField97, other.DoubleField97)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField65, other.DoubleField65)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField66, other.DoubleField66)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField7, other.DoubleField7)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField62, other.DoubleField62)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField118, other.DoubleField118)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField119, other.DoubleField119)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField67, other.DoubleField67)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField120, other.DoubleField120)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField121, other.DoubleField121)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField122, other.DoubleField122)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField123, other.DoubleField123)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField124, other.DoubleField124)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField8, other.DoubleField8)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField9, other.DoubleField9)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField98, other.DoubleField98)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField10, other.DoubleField10)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField11, other.DoubleField11)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField99, other.DoubleField99)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField84, other.DoubleField84)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField14, other.DoubleField14)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField77, other.DoubleField77)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField15, other.DoubleField15)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field19 != other.Int64Field19) return false;
+      if (Int64Field115 != other.Int64Field115) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField116, other.DoubleField116)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field117 != other.Int64Field117) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField20, other.DoubleField20)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField21, other.DoubleField21)) return false;
+      if (StringField73 != other.StringField73) return false;
+      if (StringField74 != other.StringField74) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField22, other.DoubleField22)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField69, other.DoubleField69)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField70, other.DoubleField70)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField71, other.DoubleField71)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField72, other.DoubleField72)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField25, other.DoubleField25)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field26 != other.Int64Field26) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField68, other.DoubleField68)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField28, other.DoubleField28)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField106, other.DoubleField106)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField29, other.DoubleField29)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField30, other.DoubleField30)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField101, other.DoubleField101)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField102, other.DoubleField102)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField103, other.DoubleField103)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField104, other.DoubleField104)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField105, other.DoubleField105)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField31, other.DoubleField31)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field32 != other.Int64Field32) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField75, other.DoubleField75)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField129, other.DoubleField129)) return false;
+      if (EnumField80 != other.EnumField80) return false;
+      if (EnumField81 != other.EnumField81) return false;
+      if (Int64Field82 != other.Int64Field82) return false;
+      if (EnumField83 != other.EnumField83) return false;
+      if (Int64Field85 != other.Int64Field85) return false;
+      if (Int64Field86 != other.Int64Field86) return false;
+      if (Int64Field87 != other.Int64Field87) return false;
+      if (Int64Field125 != other.Int64Field125) return false;
+      if (Int64Field37 != other.Int64Field37) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField38, other.DoubleField38)) return false;
+      if (Interactions != other.Interactions) return false;
+      if(!repeatedIntField100_.Equals(other.repeatedIntField100_)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField40, other.DoubleField40)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field41 != other.Int64Field41) return false;
+      if (Int64Field126 != other.Int64Field126) return false;
+      if (Int64Field127 != other.Int64Field127) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField128, other.DoubleField128)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField109, other.DoubleField109)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field110 != other.Int64Field110) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField111, other.DoubleField111)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field112 != other.Int64Field112) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField113, other.DoubleField113)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field114 != other.Int64Field114) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField42, other.DoubleField42)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field43 != other.Int64Field43) return false;
+      if (Int64Field44 != other.Int64Field44) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField45, other.DoubleField45)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField46, other.DoubleField46)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField78, other.DoubleField78)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField88, other.DoubleField88)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField47, other.DoubleField47)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField89, other.DoubleField89)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField48, other.DoubleField48)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField49, other.DoubleField49)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField50, other.DoubleField50)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField90, other.DoubleField90)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField51, other.DoubleField51)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField91, other.DoubleField91)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField92, other.DoubleField92)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field107 != other.Int64Field107) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField93, other.DoubleField93)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField108, other.DoubleField108)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField52, other.DoubleField52)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField53, other.DoubleField53)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField94, other.DoubleField94)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField54, other.DoubleField54)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField55, other.DoubleField55)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField56, other.DoubleField56)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField57, other.DoubleField57)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField58, other.DoubleField58)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field59 != other.Int64Field59) return false;
+      if (Int64Field60 != other.Int64Field60) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (doubleField95_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField95);
+      if (doubleField1_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField1);
+      if (doubleField79_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField79);
+      if (int64Field2_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field2.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField96_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField96);
+      if (int64Field3_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field3.GetHashCode();
+      if (int64Field4_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field4.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField97_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField97);
+      if (doubleField65_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField65);
+      if (doubleField66_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField66);
+      if (doubleField7_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField7);
+      if (doubleField62_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField62);
+      if (doubleField118_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField118);
+      if (doubleField119_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField119);
+      if (doubleField67_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField67);
+      if (doubleField120_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField120);
+      if (doubleField121_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField121);
+      if (doubleField122_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField122);
+      if (doubleField123_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField123);
+      if (doubleField124_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField124);
+      if (doubleField8_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField8);
+      if (doubleField9_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField9);
+      if (doubleField98_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField98);
+      if (doubleField10_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField10);
+      if (doubleField11_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField11);
+      if (doubleField99_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField99);
+      if (doubleField84_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField84);
+      if (doubleField14_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField14);
+      if (doubleField77_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField77);
+      if (doubleField15_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField15);
+      if (int64Field19_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field19.GetHashCode();
+      if (int64Field115_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field115.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField116_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField116);
+      if (int64Field117_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field117.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField20_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField20);
+      if (doubleField21_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField21);
+      if (stringField73_ != null) hash ^= StringField73.GetHashCode();
+      if (stringField74_ != null) hash ^= StringField74.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField22_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField22);
+      if (doubleField69_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField69);
+      if (doubleField70_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField70);
+      if (doubleField71_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField71);
+      if (doubleField72_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField72);
+      if (doubleField25_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField25);
+      if (int64Field26_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field26.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField68_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField68);
+      if (doubleField28_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField28);
+      if (doubleField106_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField106);
+      if (doubleField29_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField29);
+      if (doubleField30_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField30);
+      if (doubleField101_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField101);
+      if (doubleField102_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField102);
+      if (doubleField103_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField103);
+      if (doubleField104_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField104);
+      if (doubleField105_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField105);
+      if (doubleField31_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField31);
+      if (int64Field32_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field32.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField75_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField75);
+      if (doubleField129_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField129);
+      if (EnumField80 != 0) hash ^= EnumField80.GetHashCode();
+      if (EnumField81 != 0) hash ^= EnumField81.GetHashCode();
+      if (int64Field82_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field82.GetHashCode();
+      if (EnumField83 != 0) hash ^= EnumField83.GetHashCode();
+      if (int64Field85_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field85.GetHashCode();
+      if (int64Field86_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field86.GetHashCode();
+      if (int64Field87_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field87.GetHashCode();
+      if (int64Field125_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field125.GetHashCode();
+      if (int64Field37_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field37.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField38_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField38);
+      if (interactions_ != null) hash ^= Interactions.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedIntField100_.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField40_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField40);
+      if (int64Field41_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field41.GetHashCode();
+      if (int64Field126_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field126.GetHashCode();
+      if (int64Field127_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field127.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField128_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField128);
+      if (doubleField109_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField109);
+      if (int64Field110_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field110.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField111_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField111);
+      if (int64Field112_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field112.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField113_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField113);
+      if (int64Field114_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field114.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField42_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField42);
+      if (int64Field43_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field43.GetHashCode();
+      if (int64Field44_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field44.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField45_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField45);
+      if (doubleField46_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField46);
+      if (doubleField78_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField78);
+      if (doubleField88_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField88);
+      if (doubleField47_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField47);
+      if (doubleField89_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField89);
+      if (doubleField48_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField48);
+      if (doubleField49_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField49);
+      if (doubleField50_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField50);
+      if (doubleField90_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField90);
+      if (doubleField51_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField51);
+      if (doubleField91_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField91);
+      if (doubleField92_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField92);
+      if (int64Field107_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field107.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField93_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField93);
+      if (doubleField108_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField108);
+      if (doubleField52_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField52);
+      if (doubleField53_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField53);
+      if (doubleField94_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField94);
+      if (doubleField54_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField54);
+      if (doubleField55_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField55);
+      if (doubleField56_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField56);
+      if (doubleField57_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField57);
+      if (doubleField58_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField58);
+      if (int64Field59_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field59.GetHashCode();
+      if (int64Field60_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field60.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (doubleField1_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField1_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField1);
+      }
+      if (int64Field2_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field2_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field2);
+      }
+      if (int64Field3_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field3_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field3);
+      }
+      if (int64Field4_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field4_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field4);
+      }
+      if (doubleField7_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField7_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField7);
+      }
+      if (doubleField8_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField8_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField8);
+      }
+      if (doubleField9_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField9_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField9);
+      }
+      if (doubleField10_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField10_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField10);
+      }
+      if (doubleField11_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField11_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField11);
+      }
+      if (doubleField14_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField14_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField14);
+      }
+      if (doubleField15_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField15_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField15);
+      }
+      if (int64Field19_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field19_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field19);
+      }
+      if (doubleField20_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField20_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField20);
+      }
+      if (doubleField21_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField21_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField21);
+      }
+      if (doubleField22_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField22_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField22);
+      }
+      if (doubleField25_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField25_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField25);
+      }
+      if (int64Field26_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field26_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field26);
+      }
+      if (doubleField28_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField28_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField28);
+      }
+      if (doubleField29_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField29_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField29);
+      }
+      if (doubleField30_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField30_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField30);
+      }
+      if (doubleField31_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField31_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField31);
+      }
+      if (int64Field32_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field32_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field32);
+      }
+      if (int64Field37_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field37_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field37);
+      }
+      if (doubleField38_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField38_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField38);
+      }
+      if (interactions_ != null) {
+        _single_interactions_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Interactions);
+      }
+      if (doubleField40_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField40_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField40);
+      }
+      if (int64Field41_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field41_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field41);
+      }
+      if (doubleField42_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField42_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField42);
+      }
+      if (int64Field43_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field43_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field43);
+      }
+      if (int64Field44_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field44_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field44);
+      }
+      if (doubleField45_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField45_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField45);
+      }
+      if (doubleField46_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField46_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField46);
+      }
+      if (doubleField47_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField47_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField47);
+      }
+      if (doubleField48_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField48_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField48);
+      }
+      if (doubleField49_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField49_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField49);
+      }
+      if (doubleField50_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField50_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField50);
+      }
+      if (doubleField51_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField51_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField51);
+      }
+      if (doubleField52_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField52_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField52);
+      }
+      if (doubleField53_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField53_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField53);
+      }
+      if (doubleField54_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField54_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField54);
+      }
+      if (doubleField55_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField55_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField55);
+      }
+      if (doubleField56_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField56_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField56);
+      }
+      if (doubleField57_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField57_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField57);
+      }
+      if (doubleField58_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField58_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField58);
+      }
+      if (int64Field59_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field59_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field59);
+      }
+      if (int64Field60_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field60_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field60);
+      }
+      if (doubleField62_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField62_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField62);
+      }
+      if (doubleField65_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField65_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField65);
+      }
+      if (doubleField66_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField66_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField66);
+      }
+      if (doubleField67_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField67_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField67);
+      }
+      if (doubleField68_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField68_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField68);
+      }
+      if (doubleField69_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField69_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField69);
+      }
+      if (doubleField70_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField70_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField70);
+      }
+      if (doubleField71_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField71_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField71);
+      }
+      if (doubleField72_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField72_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField72);
+      }
+      if (stringField73_ != null) {
+        _single_stringField73_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, StringField73);
+      }
+      if (stringField74_ != null) {
+        _single_stringField74_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, StringField74);
+      }
+      if (doubleField75_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField75_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField75);
+      }
+      if (doubleField77_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField77_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField77);
+      }
+      if (doubleField78_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField78_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField78);
+      }
+      if (doubleField79_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField79_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField79);
+      }
+      if (EnumField80 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 5);
+        output.WriteInt32(EnumField80);
+      }
+      if (EnumField81 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 5);
+        output.WriteInt32(EnumField81);
+      }
+      if (int64Field82_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field82_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field82);
+      }
+      if (EnumField83 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(152, 5);
+        output.WriteInt32(EnumField83);
+      }
+      if (doubleField84_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField84_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField84);
+      }
+      if (int64Field85_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field85_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field85);
+      }
+      if (int64Field86_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field86_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field86);
+      }
+      if (int64Field87_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field87_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field87);
+      }
+      if (doubleField88_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField88_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField88);
+      }
+      if (doubleField89_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField89_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField89);
+      }
+      if (doubleField90_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField90_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField90);
+      }
+      if (doubleField91_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField91_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField91);
+      }
+      if (doubleField92_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField92_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField92);
+      }
+      if (doubleField93_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField93_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField93);
+      }
+      if (doubleField94_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField94_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField94);
+      }
+      if (doubleField95_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField95_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField95);
+      }
+      if (doubleField96_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField96_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField96);
+      }
+      if (doubleField97_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField97_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField97);
+      }
+      if (doubleField98_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField98_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField98);
+      }
+      if (doubleField99_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField99_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField99);
+      }
+      repeatedIntField100_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedIntField100_codec);
+      if (doubleField101_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField101_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField101);
+      }
+      if (doubleField102_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField102_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField102);
+      }
+      if (doubleField103_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField103_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField103);
+      }
+      if (doubleField104_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField104_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField104);
+      }
+      if (doubleField105_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField105_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField105);
+      }
+      if (doubleField106_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField106_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField106);
+      }
+      if (int64Field107_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field107_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field107);
+      }
+      if (doubleField108_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField108_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField108);
+      }
+      if (doubleField109_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField109_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField109);
+      }
+      if (int64Field110_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field110_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field110);
+      }
+      if (doubleField111_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField111_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField111);
+      }
+      if (int64Field112_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field112_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field112);
+      }
+      if (doubleField113_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField113_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField113);
+      }
+      if (int64Field114_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field114_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field114);
+      }
+      if (int64Field115_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field115_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field115);
+      }
+      if (doubleField116_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField116_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField116);
+      }
+      if (int64Field117_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field117_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field117);
+      }
+      if (doubleField118_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField118_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField118);
+      }
+      if (doubleField119_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField119_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField119);
+      }
+      if (doubleField120_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField120_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField120);
+      }
+      if (doubleField121_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField121_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField121);
+      }
+      if (doubleField122_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField122_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField122);
+      }
+      if (doubleField123_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField123_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField123);
+      }
+      if (doubleField124_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField124_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField124);
+      }
+      if (int64Field125_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field125_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field125);
+      }
+      if (int64Field126_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field126_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field126);
+      }
+      if (int64Field127_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field127_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field127);
+      }
+      if (doubleField128_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField128_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField128);
+      }
+      if (doubleField129_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField129_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField129);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (doubleField95_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField95_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField95);
+      }
+      if (doubleField1_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField1_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField1);
+      }
+      if (doubleField79_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField79_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField79);
+      }
+      if (int64Field2_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field2_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field2);
+      }
+      if (doubleField96_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField96_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField96);
+      }
+      if (int64Field3_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field3_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field3);
+      }
+      if (int64Field4_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field4_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field4);
+      }
+      if (doubleField97_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField97_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField97);
+      }
+      if (doubleField65_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField65_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField65);
+      }
+      if (doubleField66_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField66_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField66);
+      }
+      if (doubleField7_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField7_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField7);
+      }
+      if (doubleField62_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField62_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField62);
+      }
+      if (doubleField118_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField118_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField118);
+      }
+      if (doubleField119_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField119_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField119);
+      }
+      if (doubleField67_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField67_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField67);
+      }
+      if (doubleField120_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField120_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField120);
+      }
+      if (doubleField121_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField121_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField121);
+      }
+      if (doubleField122_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField122_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField122);
+      }
+      if (doubleField123_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField123_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField123);
+      }
+      if (doubleField124_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField124_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField124);
+      }
+      if (doubleField8_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField8_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField8);
+      }
+      if (doubleField9_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField9_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField9);
+      }
+      if (doubleField98_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField98_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField98);
+      }
+      if (doubleField10_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField10_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField10);
+      }
+      if (doubleField11_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField11_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField11);
+      }
+      if (doubleField99_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField99_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField99);
+      }
+      if (doubleField84_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField84_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField84);
+      }
+      if (doubleField14_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField14_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField14);
+      }
+      if (doubleField77_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField77_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField77);
+      }
+      if (doubleField15_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField15_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField15);
+      }
+      if (int64Field19_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field19_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field19);
+      }
+      if (int64Field115_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field115_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field115);
+      }
+      if (doubleField116_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField116_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField116);
+      }
+      if (int64Field117_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field117_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field117);
+      }
+      if (doubleField20_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField20_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField20);
+      }
+      if (doubleField21_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField21_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField21);
+      }
+      if (stringField73_ != null) {
+        size += _single_stringField73_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(StringField73);
+      }
+      if (stringField74_ != null) {
+        size += _single_stringField74_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(StringField74);
+      }
+      if (doubleField22_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField22_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField22);
+      }
+      if (doubleField69_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField69_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField69);
+      }
+      if (doubleField70_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField70_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField70);
+      }
+      if (doubleField71_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField71_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField71);
+      }
+      if (doubleField72_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField72_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField72);
+      }
+      if (doubleField25_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField25_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField25);
+      }
+      if (int64Field26_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field26_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field26);
+      }
+      if (doubleField68_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField68_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField68);
+      }
+      if (doubleField28_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField28_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField28);
+      }
+      if (doubleField106_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField106_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField106);
+      }
+      if (doubleField29_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField29_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField29);
+      }
+      if (doubleField30_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField30_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField30);
+      }
+      if (doubleField101_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField101_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField101);
+      }
+      if (doubleField102_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField102_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField102);
+      }
+      if (doubleField103_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField103_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField103);
+      }
+      if (doubleField104_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField104_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField104);
+      }
+      if (doubleField105_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField105_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField105);
+      }
+      if (doubleField31_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField31_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField31);
+      }
+      if (int64Field32_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field32_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field32);
+      }
+      if (doubleField75_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField75_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField75);
+      }
+      if (doubleField129_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField129_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField129);
+      }
+      if (EnumField80 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(EnumField80);
+      }
+      if (EnumField81 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(EnumField81);
+      }
+      if (int64Field82_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field82_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field82);
+      }
+      if (EnumField83 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(EnumField83);
+      }
+      if (int64Field85_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field85_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field85);
+      }
+      if (int64Field86_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field86_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field86);
+      }
+      if (int64Field87_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field87_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field87);
+      }
+      if (int64Field125_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field125_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field125);
+      }
+      if (int64Field37_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field37_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field37);
+      }
+      if (doubleField38_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField38_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField38);
+      }
+      if (interactions_ != null) {
+        size += _single_interactions_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Interactions);
+      }
+      size += repeatedIntField100_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedIntField100_codec);
+      if (doubleField40_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField40_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField40);
+      }
+      if (int64Field41_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field41_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field41);
+      }
+      if (int64Field126_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field126_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field126);
+      }
+      if (int64Field127_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field127_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field127);
+      }
+      if (doubleField128_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField128_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField128);
+      }
+      if (doubleField109_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField109_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField109);
+      }
+      if (int64Field110_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field110_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field110);
+      }
+      if (doubleField111_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField111_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField111);
+      }
+      if (int64Field112_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field112_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field112);
+      }
+      if (doubleField113_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField113_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField113);
+      }
+      if (int64Field114_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field114_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field114);
+      }
+      if (doubleField42_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField42_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField42);
+      }
+      if (int64Field43_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field43_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field43);
+      }
+      if (int64Field44_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field44_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field44);
+      }
+      if (doubleField45_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField45_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField45);
+      }
+      if (doubleField46_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField46_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField46);
+      }
+      if (doubleField78_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField78_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField78);
+      }
+      if (doubleField88_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField88_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField88);
+      }
+      if (doubleField47_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField47_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField47);
+      }
+      if (doubleField89_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField89_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField89);
+      }
+      if (doubleField48_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField48_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField48);
+      }
+      if (doubleField49_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField49_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField49);
+      }
+      if (doubleField50_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField50_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField50);
+      }
+      if (doubleField90_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField90_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField90);
+      }
+      if (doubleField51_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField51_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField51);
+      }
+      if (doubleField91_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField91_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField91);
+      }
+      if (doubleField92_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField92_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField92);
+      }
+      if (int64Field107_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field107_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field107);
+      }
+      if (doubleField93_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField93_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField93);
+      }
+      if (doubleField108_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField108_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField108);
+      }
+      if (doubleField52_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField52_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField52);
+      }
+      if (doubleField53_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField53_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField53);
+      }
+      if (doubleField94_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField94_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField94);
+      }
+      if (doubleField54_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField54_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField54);
+      }
+      if (doubleField55_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField55_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField55);
+      }
+      if (doubleField56_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField56_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField56);
+      }
+      if (doubleField57_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField57_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField57);
+      }
+      if (doubleField58_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField58_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField58);
+      }
+      if (int64Field59_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field59_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field59);
+      }
+      if (int64Field60_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field60_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field60);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ManyWrapperFieldsMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField95_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField95_ == null || other.DoubleField95 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField95 = other.DoubleField95;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField1_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField1_ == null || other.DoubleField1 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField1 = other.DoubleField1;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField79_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField79_ == null || other.DoubleField79 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField79 = other.DoubleField79;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field2_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field2_ == null || other.Int64Field2 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field2 = other.Int64Field2;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField96_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField96_ == null || other.DoubleField96 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField96 = other.DoubleField96;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field3_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field3_ == null || other.Int64Field3 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field3 = other.Int64Field3;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field4_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field4_ == null || other.Int64Field4 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field4 = other.Int64Field4;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField97_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField97_ == null || other.DoubleField97 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField97 = other.DoubleField97;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField65_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField65_ == null || other.DoubleField65 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField65 = other.DoubleField65;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField66_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField66_ == null || other.DoubleField66 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField66 = other.DoubleField66;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField7_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField7_ == null || other.DoubleField7 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField7 = other.DoubleField7;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField62_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField62_ == null || other.DoubleField62 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField62 = other.DoubleField62;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField118_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField118_ == null || other.DoubleField118 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField118 = other.DoubleField118;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField119_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField119_ == null || other.DoubleField119 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField119 = other.DoubleField119;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField67_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField67_ == null || other.DoubleField67 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField67 = other.DoubleField67;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField120_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField120_ == null || other.DoubleField120 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField120 = other.DoubleField120;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField121_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField121_ == null || other.DoubleField121 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField121 = other.DoubleField121;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField122_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField122_ == null || other.DoubleField122 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField122 = other.DoubleField122;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField123_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField123_ == null || other.DoubleField123 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField123 = other.DoubleField123;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField124_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField124_ == null || other.DoubleField124 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField124 = other.DoubleField124;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField8_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField8_ == null || other.DoubleField8 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField8 = other.DoubleField8;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField9_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField9_ == null || other.DoubleField9 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField9 = other.DoubleField9;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField98_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField98_ == null || other.DoubleField98 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField98 = other.DoubleField98;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField10_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField10_ == null || other.DoubleField10 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField10 = other.DoubleField10;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField11_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField11_ == null || other.DoubleField11 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField11 = other.DoubleField11;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField99_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField99_ == null || other.DoubleField99 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField99 = other.DoubleField99;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField84_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField84_ == null || other.DoubleField84 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField84 = other.DoubleField84;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField14_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField14_ == null || other.DoubleField14 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField14 = other.DoubleField14;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField77_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField77_ == null || other.DoubleField77 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField77 = other.DoubleField77;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField15_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField15_ == null || other.DoubleField15 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField15 = other.DoubleField15;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field19_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field19_ == null || other.Int64Field19 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field19 = other.Int64Field19;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field115_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field115_ == null || other.Int64Field115 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field115 = other.Int64Field115;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField116_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField116_ == null || other.DoubleField116 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField116 = other.DoubleField116;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field117_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field117_ == null || other.Int64Field117 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field117 = other.Int64Field117;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField20_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField20_ == null || other.DoubleField20 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField20 = other.DoubleField20;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField21_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField21_ == null || other.DoubleField21 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField21 = other.DoubleField21;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.stringField73_ != null) {
+        if (stringField73_ == null || other.StringField73 != "") {
+          StringField73 = other.StringField73;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.stringField74_ != null) {
+        if (stringField74_ == null || other.StringField74 != "") {
+          StringField74 = other.StringField74;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField22_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField22_ == null || other.DoubleField22 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField22 = other.DoubleField22;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField69_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField69_ == null || other.DoubleField69 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField69 = other.DoubleField69;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField70_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField70_ == null || other.DoubleField70 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField70 = other.DoubleField70;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField71_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField71_ == null || other.DoubleField71 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField71 = other.DoubleField71;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField72_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField72_ == null || other.DoubleField72 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField72 = other.DoubleField72;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField25_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField25_ == null || other.DoubleField25 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField25 = other.DoubleField25;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field26_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field26_ == null || other.Int64Field26 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field26 = other.Int64Field26;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField68_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField68_ == null || other.DoubleField68 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField68 = other.DoubleField68;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField28_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField28_ == null || other.DoubleField28 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField28 = other.DoubleField28;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField106_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField106_ == null || other.DoubleField106 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField106 = other.DoubleField106;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField29_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField29_ == null || other.DoubleField29 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField29 = other.DoubleField29;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField30_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField30_ == null || other.DoubleField30 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField30 = other.DoubleField30;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField101_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField101_ == null || other.DoubleField101 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField101 = other.DoubleField101;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField102_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField102_ == null || other.DoubleField102 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField102 = other.DoubleField102;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField103_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField103_ == null || other.DoubleField103 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField103 = other.DoubleField103;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField104_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField104_ == null || other.DoubleField104 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField104 = other.DoubleField104;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField105_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField105_ == null || other.DoubleField105 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField105 = other.DoubleField105;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField31_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField31_ == null || other.DoubleField31 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField31 = other.DoubleField31;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field32_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field32_ == null || other.Int64Field32 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field32 = other.Int64Field32;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField75_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField75_ == null || other.DoubleField75 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField75 = other.DoubleField75;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField129_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField129_ == null || other.DoubleField129 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField129 = other.DoubleField129;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.EnumField80 != 0) {
+        EnumField80 = other.EnumField80;
+      }
+      if (other.EnumField81 != 0) {
+        EnumField81 = other.EnumField81;
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field82_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field82_ == null || other.Int64Field82 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field82 = other.Int64Field82;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.EnumField83 != 0) {
+        EnumField83 = other.EnumField83;
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field85_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field85_ == null || other.Int64Field85 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field85 = other.Int64Field85;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field86_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field86_ == null || other.Int64Field86 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field86 = other.Int64Field86;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field87_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field87_ == null || other.Int64Field87 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field87 = other.Int64Field87;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field125_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field125_ == null || other.Int64Field125 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field125 = other.Int64Field125;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field37_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field37_ == null || other.Int64Field37 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field37 = other.Int64Field37;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField38_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField38_ == null || other.DoubleField38 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField38 = other.DoubleField38;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.interactions_ != null) {
+        if (interactions_ == null || other.Interactions != 0L) {
+          Interactions = other.Interactions;
+        }
+      }
+      repeatedIntField100_.Add(other.repeatedIntField100_);
+      if (other.doubleField40_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField40_ == null || other.DoubleField40 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField40 = other.DoubleField40;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field41_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field41_ == null || other.Int64Field41 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field41 = other.Int64Field41;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field126_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field126_ == null || other.Int64Field126 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field126 = other.Int64Field126;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field127_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field127_ == null || other.Int64Field127 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field127 = other.Int64Field127;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField128_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField128_ == null || other.DoubleField128 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField128 = other.DoubleField128;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField109_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField109_ == null || other.DoubleField109 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField109 = other.DoubleField109;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field110_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field110_ == null || other.Int64Field110 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field110 = other.Int64Field110;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField111_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField111_ == null || other.DoubleField111 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField111 = other.DoubleField111;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field112_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field112_ == null || other.Int64Field112 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field112 = other.Int64Field112;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField113_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField113_ == null || other.DoubleField113 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField113 = other.DoubleField113;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field114_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field114_ == null || other.Int64Field114 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field114 = other.Int64Field114;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField42_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField42_ == null || other.DoubleField42 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField42 = other.DoubleField42;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field43_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field43_ == null || other.Int64Field43 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field43 = other.Int64Field43;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field44_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field44_ == null || other.Int64Field44 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field44 = other.Int64Field44;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField45_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField45_ == null || other.DoubleField45 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField45 = other.DoubleField45;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField46_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField46_ == null || other.DoubleField46 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField46 = other.DoubleField46;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField78_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField78_ == null || other.DoubleField78 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField78 = other.DoubleField78;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField88_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField88_ == null || other.DoubleField88 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField88 = other.DoubleField88;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField47_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField47_ == null || other.DoubleField47 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField47 = other.DoubleField47;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField89_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField89_ == null || other.DoubleField89 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField89 = other.DoubleField89;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField48_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField48_ == null || other.DoubleField48 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField48 = other.DoubleField48;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField49_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField49_ == null || other.DoubleField49 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField49 = other.DoubleField49;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField50_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField50_ == null || other.DoubleField50 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField50 = other.DoubleField50;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField90_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField90_ == null || other.DoubleField90 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField90 = other.DoubleField90;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField51_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField51_ == null || other.DoubleField51 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField51 = other.DoubleField51;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField91_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField91_ == null || other.DoubleField91 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField91 = other.DoubleField91;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField92_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField92_ == null || other.DoubleField92 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField92 = other.DoubleField92;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field107_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field107_ == null || other.Int64Field107 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field107 = other.Int64Field107;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField93_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField93_ == null || other.DoubleField93 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField93 = other.DoubleField93;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField108_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField108_ == null || other.DoubleField108 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField108 = other.DoubleField108;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField52_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField52_ == null || other.DoubleField52 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField52 = other.DoubleField52;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField53_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField53_ == null || other.DoubleField53 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField53 = other.DoubleField53;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField94_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField94_ == null || other.DoubleField94 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField94 = other.DoubleField94;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField54_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField54_ == null || other.DoubleField54 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField54 = other.DoubleField54;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField55_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField55_ == null || other.DoubleField55 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField55 = other.DoubleField55;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField56_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField56_ == null || other.DoubleField56 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField56 = other.DoubleField56;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField57_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField57_ == null || other.DoubleField57 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField57 = other.DoubleField57;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField58_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField58_ == null || other.DoubleField58 != 0D) {
+          DoubleField58 = other.DoubleField58;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field59_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field59_ == null || other.Int64Field59 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field59 = other.Int64Field59;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field60_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field60_ == null || other.Int64Field60 != 0L) {
+          Int64Field60 = other.Int64Field60;
+        }
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField1_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField1_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField1 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field2_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field2_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field2 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field3_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field3_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field3 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field4_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field4_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field4 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField7_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField7_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField7 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField8_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField8_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField8 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 74: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField9_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField9_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField9 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 82: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField10_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField10_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField10 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 90: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField11_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField11_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField11 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 114: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField14_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField14_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField14 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 122: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField15_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField15_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField15 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 154: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field19_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field19_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field19 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 162: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField20_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField20_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField20 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 170: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField21_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField21_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField21 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 178: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField22_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField22_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField22 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 202: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField25_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField25_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField25 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 210: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field26_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field26_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field26 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 226: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField28_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField28_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField28 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 234: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField29_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField29_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField29 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 242: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField30_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField30_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField30 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 250: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField31_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField31_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField31 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 258: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field32_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field32_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field32 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 298: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field37_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field37_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field37 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 306: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField38_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField38_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField38 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 314: {
+            long? value = _single_interactions_codec.Read(input);
+            if (interactions_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Interactions = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 322: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField40_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField40_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField40 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 330: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field41_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field41_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field41 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 338: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField42_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField42_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField42 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 346: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field43_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field43_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field43 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 354: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field44_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field44_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field44 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 362: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField45_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField45_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField45 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 370: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField46_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField46_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField46 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 378: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField47_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField47_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField47 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 386: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField48_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField48_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField48 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 394: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField49_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField49_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField49 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 402: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField50_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField50_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField50 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 410: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField51_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField51_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField51 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 418: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField52_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField52_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField52 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 426: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField53_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField53_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField53 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 434: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField54_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField54_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField54 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 442: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField55_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField55_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField55 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 450: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField56_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField56_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField56 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 458: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField57_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField57_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField57 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 466: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField58_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField58_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField58 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 474: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field59_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field59_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field59 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 482: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field60_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field60_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field60 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 498: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField62_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField62_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField62 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 522: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField65_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField65_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField65 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 530: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField66_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField66_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField66 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 538: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField67_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField67_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField67 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 546: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField68_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField68_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField68 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 554: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField69_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField69_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField69 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 562: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField70_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField70_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField70 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 570: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField71_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField71_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField71 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 578: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField72_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField72_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField72 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 586: {
+            string value = _single_stringField73_codec.Read(input);
+            if (stringField73_ == null || value != "") {
+              StringField73 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 594: {
+            string value = _single_stringField74_codec.Read(input);
+            if (stringField74_ == null || value != "") {
+              StringField74 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 602: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField75_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField75_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField75 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 618: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField77_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField77_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField77 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 626: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField78_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField78_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField78 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 634: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField79_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField79_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField79 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 640: {
+            EnumField80 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 648: {
+            EnumField81 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 658: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field82_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field82_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field82 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 664: {
+            EnumField83 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 674: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField84_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField84_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField84 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 682: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field85_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field85_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field85 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 690: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field86_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field86_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field86 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 698: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field87_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field87_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field87 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 706: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField88_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField88_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField88 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 714: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField89_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField89_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField89 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 722: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField90_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField90_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField90 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 730: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField91_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField91_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField91 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 738: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField92_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField92_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField92 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 746: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField93_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField93_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField93 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 754: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField94_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField94_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField94 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 762: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField95_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField95_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField95 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 770: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField96_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField96_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField96 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 778: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField97_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField97_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField97 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 786: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField98_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField98_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField98 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 794: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField99_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField99_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField99 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 802:
+          case 800: {
+            repeatedIntField100_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedIntField100_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 810: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField101_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField101_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField101 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 818: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField102_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField102_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField102 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 826: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField103_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField103_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField103 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 834: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField104_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField104_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField104 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 842: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField105_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField105_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField105 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 850: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField106_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField106_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField106 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 858: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field107_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field107_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field107 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 866: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField108_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField108_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField108 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 874: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField109_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField109_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField109 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 882: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field110_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field110_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field110 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 890: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField111_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField111_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField111 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 898: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field112_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field112_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field112 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 906: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField113_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField113_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField113 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 914: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field114_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field114_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field114 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 922: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field115_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field115_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field115 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 930: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField116_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField116_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField116 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 938: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field117_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field117_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field117 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 946: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField118_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField118_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField118 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 954: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField119_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField119_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField119 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 962: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField120_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField120_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField120 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 970: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField121_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField121_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField121 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 978: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField122_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField122_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField122 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 986: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField123_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField123_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField123 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 994: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField124_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField124_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField124 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1002: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field125_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field125_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field125 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1010: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field126_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field126_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field126 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1018: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field127_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field127_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field127 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1026: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField128_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField128_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField128 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1034: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField129_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField129_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField129 = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// same as ManyWrapperFieldsMessages, but with primitive fields
+  /// for comparison.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage : pb::IMessage<ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage>(() => new ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks.WrapperBenchmarkMessagesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage(ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage other) : this() {
+      doubleField95_ = other.doubleField95_;
+      doubleField1_ = other.doubleField1_;
+      doubleField79_ = other.doubleField79_;
+      int64Field2_ = other.int64Field2_;
+      doubleField96_ = other.doubleField96_;
+      int64Field3_ = other.int64Field3_;
+      int64Field4_ = other.int64Field4_;
+      doubleField97_ = other.doubleField97_;
+      doubleField65_ = other.doubleField65_;
+      doubleField66_ = other.doubleField66_;
+      doubleField7_ = other.doubleField7_;
+      doubleField62_ = other.doubleField62_;
+      doubleField118_ = other.doubleField118_;
+      doubleField119_ = other.doubleField119_;
+      doubleField67_ = other.doubleField67_;
+      doubleField120_ = other.doubleField120_;
+      doubleField121_ = other.doubleField121_;
+      doubleField122_ = other.doubleField122_;
+      doubleField123_ = other.doubleField123_;
+      doubleField124_ = other.doubleField124_;
+      doubleField8_ = other.doubleField8_;
+      doubleField9_ = other.doubleField9_;
+      doubleField98_ = other.doubleField98_;
+      doubleField10_ = other.doubleField10_;
+      doubleField11_ = other.doubleField11_;
+      doubleField99_ = other.doubleField99_;
+      doubleField84_ = other.doubleField84_;
+      doubleField14_ = other.doubleField14_;
+      doubleField77_ = other.doubleField77_;
+      doubleField15_ = other.doubleField15_;
+      int64Field19_ = other.int64Field19_;
+      int64Field115_ = other.int64Field115_;
+      doubleField116_ = other.doubleField116_;
+      int64Field117_ = other.int64Field117_;
+      doubleField20_ = other.doubleField20_;
+      doubleField21_ = other.doubleField21_;
+      stringField73_ = other.stringField73_;
+      stringField74_ = other.stringField74_;
+      doubleField22_ = other.doubleField22_;
+      doubleField69_ = other.doubleField69_;
+      doubleField70_ = other.doubleField70_;
+      doubleField71_ = other.doubleField71_;
+      doubleField72_ = other.doubleField72_;
+      doubleField25_ = other.doubleField25_;
+      int64Field26_ = other.int64Field26_;
+      doubleField68_ = other.doubleField68_;
+      doubleField28_ = other.doubleField28_;
+      doubleField106_ = other.doubleField106_;
+      doubleField29_ = other.doubleField29_;
+      doubleField30_ = other.doubleField30_;
+      doubleField101_ = other.doubleField101_;
+      doubleField102_ = other.doubleField102_;
+      doubleField103_ = other.doubleField103_;
+      doubleField104_ = other.doubleField104_;
+      doubleField105_ = other.doubleField105_;
+      doubleField31_ = other.doubleField31_;
+      int64Field32_ = other.int64Field32_;
+      doubleField75_ = other.doubleField75_;
+      doubleField129_ = other.doubleField129_;
+      enumField80_ = other.enumField80_;
+      enumField81_ = other.enumField81_;
+      int64Field82_ = other.int64Field82_;
+      enumField83_ = other.enumField83_;
+      int64Field85_ = other.int64Field85_;
+      int64Field86_ = other.int64Field86_;
+      int64Field87_ = other.int64Field87_;
+      int64Field125_ = other.int64Field125_;
+      int64Field37_ = other.int64Field37_;
+      doubleField38_ = other.doubleField38_;
+      interactions_ = other.interactions_;
+      repeatedIntField100_ = other.repeatedIntField100_.Clone();
+      doubleField40_ = other.doubleField40_;
+      int64Field41_ = other.int64Field41_;
+      int64Field126_ = other.int64Field126_;
+      int64Field127_ = other.int64Field127_;
+      doubleField128_ = other.doubleField128_;
+      doubleField109_ = other.doubleField109_;
+      int64Field110_ = other.int64Field110_;
+      doubleField111_ = other.doubleField111_;
+      int64Field112_ = other.int64Field112_;
+      doubleField113_ = other.doubleField113_;
+      int64Field114_ = other.int64Field114_;
+      doubleField42_ = other.doubleField42_;
+      int64Field43_ = other.int64Field43_;
+      int64Field44_ = other.int64Field44_;
+      doubleField45_ = other.doubleField45_;
+      doubleField46_ = other.doubleField46_;
+      doubleField78_ = other.doubleField78_;
+      doubleField88_ = other.doubleField88_;
+      doubleField47_ = other.doubleField47_;
+      doubleField89_ = other.doubleField89_;
+      doubleField48_ = other.doubleField48_;
+      doubleField49_ = other.doubleField49_;
+      doubleField50_ = other.doubleField50_;
+      doubleField90_ = other.doubleField90_;
+      doubleField51_ = other.doubleField51_;
+      doubleField91_ = other.doubleField91_;
+      doubleField92_ = other.doubleField92_;
+      int64Field107_ = other.int64Field107_;
+      doubleField93_ = other.doubleField93_;
+      doubleField108_ = other.doubleField108_;
+      doubleField52_ = other.doubleField52_;
+      doubleField53_ = other.doubleField53_;
+      doubleField94_ = other.doubleField94_;
+      doubleField54_ = other.doubleField54_;
+      doubleField55_ = other.doubleField55_;
+      doubleField56_ = other.doubleField56_;
+      doubleField57_ = other.doubleField57_;
+      doubleField58_ = other.doubleField58_;
+      int64Field59_ = other.int64Field59_;
+      int64Field60_ = other.int64Field60_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage Clone() {
+      return new ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_95" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField95FieldNumber = 95;
+    private double doubleField95_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField95 {
+      get { return doubleField95_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField95_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_1" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField1FieldNumber = 1;
+    private double doubleField1_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField1 {
+      get { return doubleField1_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField1_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_79" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField79FieldNumber = 79;
+    private double doubleField79_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField79 {
+      get { return doubleField79_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField79_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_2" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field2FieldNumber = 2;
+    private long int64Field2_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field2 {
+      get { return int64Field2_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field2_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_96" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField96FieldNumber = 96;
+    private double doubleField96_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField96 {
+      get { return doubleField96_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField96_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_3" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field3FieldNumber = 3;
+    private long int64Field3_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field3 {
+      get { return int64Field3_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field3_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_4" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field4FieldNumber = 4;
+    private long int64Field4_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field4 {
+      get { return int64Field4_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field4_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_97" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField97FieldNumber = 97;
+    private double doubleField97_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField97 {
+      get { return doubleField97_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField97_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_65" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField65FieldNumber = 65;
+    private double doubleField65_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField65 {
+      get { return doubleField65_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField65_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_66" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField66FieldNumber = 66;
+    private double doubleField66_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField66 {
+      get { return doubleField66_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField66_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_7" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField7FieldNumber = 7;
+    private double doubleField7_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField7 {
+      get { return doubleField7_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField7_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_62" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField62FieldNumber = 62;
+    private double doubleField62_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField62 {
+      get { return doubleField62_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField62_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_118" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField118FieldNumber = 118;
+    private double doubleField118_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField118 {
+      get { return doubleField118_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField118_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_119" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField119FieldNumber = 119;
+    private double doubleField119_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField119 {
+      get { return doubleField119_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField119_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_67" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField67FieldNumber = 67;
+    private double doubleField67_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField67 {
+      get { return doubleField67_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField67_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_120" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField120FieldNumber = 120;
+    private double doubleField120_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField120 {
+      get { return doubleField120_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField120_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_121" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField121FieldNumber = 121;
+    private double doubleField121_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField121 {
+      get { return doubleField121_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField121_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_122" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField122FieldNumber = 122;
+    private double doubleField122_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField122 {
+      get { return doubleField122_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField122_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_123" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField123FieldNumber = 123;
+    private double doubleField123_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField123 {
+      get { return doubleField123_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField123_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_124" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField124FieldNumber = 124;
+    private double doubleField124_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField124 {
+      get { return doubleField124_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField124_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_8" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField8FieldNumber = 8;
+    private double doubleField8_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField8 {
+      get { return doubleField8_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField8_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_9" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField9FieldNumber = 9;
+    private double doubleField9_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField9 {
+      get { return doubleField9_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField9_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_98" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField98FieldNumber = 98;
+    private double doubleField98_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField98 {
+      get { return doubleField98_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField98_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_10" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField10FieldNumber = 10;
+    private double doubleField10_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField10 {
+      get { return doubleField10_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField10_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_11" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField11FieldNumber = 11;
+    private double doubleField11_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField11 {
+      get { return doubleField11_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField11_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_99" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField99FieldNumber = 99;
+    private double doubleField99_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField99 {
+      get { return doubleField99_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField99_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_84" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField84FieldNumber = 84;
+    private double doubleField84_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField84 {
+      get { return doubleField84_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField84_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_14" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField14FieldNumber = 14;
+    private double doubleField14_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField14 {
+      get { return doubleField14_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField14_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_77" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField77FieldNumber = 77;
+    private double doubleField77_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField77 {
+      get { return doubleField77_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField77_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_15" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField15FieldNumber = 15;
+    private double doubleField15_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField15 {
+      get { return doubleField15_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField15_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_19" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field19FieldNumber = 19;
+    private long int64Field19_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field19 {
+      get { return int64Field19_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field19_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_115" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field115FieldNumber = 115;
+    private long int64Field115_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field115 {
+      get { return int64Field115_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field115_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_116" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField116FieldNumber = 116;
+    private double doubleField116_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField116 {
+      get { return doubleField116_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField116_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_117" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field117FieldNumber = 117;
+    private long int64Field117_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field117 {
+      get { return int64Field117_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field117_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_20" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField20FieldNumber = 20;
+    private double doubleField20_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField20 {
+      get { return doubleField20_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField20_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_21" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField21FieldNumber = 21;
+    private double doubleField21_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField21 {
+      get { return doubleField21_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField21_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "string_field_73" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringField73FieldNumber = 73;
+    private string stringField73_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string StringField73 {
+      get { return stringField73_; }
+      set {
+        stringField73_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "string_field_74" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringField74FieldNumber = 74;
+    private string stringField74_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string StringField74 {
+      get { return stringField74_; }
+      set {
+        stringField74_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_22" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField22FieldNumber = 22;
+    private double doubleField22_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField22 {
+      get { return doubleField22_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField22_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_69" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField69FieldNumber = 69;
+    private double doubleField69_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField69 {
+      get { return doubleField69_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField69_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_70" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField70FieldNumber = 70;
+    private double doubleField70_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField70 {
+      get { return doubleField70_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField70_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_71" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField71FieldNumber = 71;
+    private double doubleField71_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField71 {
+      get { return doubleField71_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField71_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_72" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField72FieldNumber = 72;
+    private double doubleField72_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField72 {
+      get { return doubleField72_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField72_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_25" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField25FieldNumber = 25;
+    private double doubleField25_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField25 {
+      get { return doubleField25_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField25_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_26" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field26FieldNumber = 26;
+    private long int64Field26_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field26 {
+      get { return int64Field26_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field26_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_68" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField68FieldNumber = 68;
+    private double doubleField68_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField68 {
+      get { return doubleField68_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField68_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_28" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField28FieldNumber = 28;
+    private double doubleField28_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField28 {
+      get { return doubleField28_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField28_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_106" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField106FieldNumber = 106;
+    private double doubleField106_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField106 {
+      get { return doubleField106_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField106_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_29" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField29FieldNumber = 29;
+    private double doubleField29_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField29 {
+      get { return doubleField29_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField29_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_30" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField30FieldNumber = 30;
+    private double doubleField30_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField30 {
+      get { return doubleField30_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField30_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_101" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField101FieldNumber = 101;
+    private double doubleField101_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField101 {
+      get { return doubleField101_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField101_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_102" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField102FieldNumber = 102;
+    private double doubleField102_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField102 {
+      get { return doubleField102_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField102_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_103" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField103FieldNumber = 103;
+    private double doubleField103_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField103 {
+      get { return doubleField103_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField103_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_104" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField104FieldNumber = 104;
+    private double doubleField104_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField104 {
+      get { return doubleField104_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField104_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_105" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField105FieldNumber = 105;
+    private double doubleField105_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField105 {
+      get { return doubleField105_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField105_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_31" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField31FieldNumber = 31;
+    private double doubleField31_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField31 {
+      get { return doubleField31_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField31_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_32" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field32FieldNumber = 32;
+    private long int64Field32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field32 {
+      get { return int64Field32_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_75" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField75FieldNumber = 75;
+    private double doubleField75_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField75 {
+      get { return doubleField75_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField75_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_129" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField129FieldNumber = 129;
+    private double doubleField129_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField129 {
+      get { return doubleField129_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField129_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "enum_field_80" field.</summary>
+    public const int EnumField80FieldNumber = 80;
+    private int enumField80_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int EnumField80 {
+      get { return enumField80_; }
+      set {
+        enumField80_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "enum_field_81" field.</summary>
+    public const int EnumField81FieldNumber = 81;
+    private int enumField81_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int EnumField81 {
+      get { return enumField81_; }
+      set {
+        enumField81_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_82" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field82FieldNumber = 82;
+    private long int64Field82_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field82 {
+      get { return int64Field82_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field82_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "enum_field_83" field.</summary>
+    public const int EnumField83FieldNumber = 83;
+    private int enumField83_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int EnumField83 {
+      get { return enumField83_; }
+      set {
+        enumField83_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_85" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field85FieldNumber = 85;
+    private long int64Field85_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field85 {
+      get { return int64Field85_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field85_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_86" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field86FieldNumber = 86;
+    private long int64Field86_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field86 {
+      get { return int64Field86_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field86_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_87" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field87FieldNumber = 87;
+    private long int64Field87_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field87 {
+      get { return int64Field87_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field87_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_125" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field125FieldNumber = 125;
+    private long int64Field125_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field125 {
+      get { return int64Field125_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field125_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_37" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field37FieldNumber = 37;
+    private long int64Field37_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field37 {
+      get { return int64Field37_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field37_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_38" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField38FieldNumber = 38;
+    private double doubleField38_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField38 {
+      get { return doubleField38_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField38_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "interactions" field.</summary>
+    public const int InteractionsFieldNumber = 39;
+    private long interactions_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Interactions {
+      get { return interactions_; }
+      set {
+        interactions_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int_field_100" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedIntField100FieldNumber = 100;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedIntField100_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(802);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedIntField100_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedIntField100 {
+      get { return repeatedIntField100_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_40" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField40FieldNumber = 40;
+    private double doubleField40_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField40 {
+      get { return doubleField40_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField40_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_41" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field41FieldNumber = 41;
+    private long int64Field41_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field41 {
+      get { return int64Field41_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field41_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_126" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field126FieldNumber = 126;
+    private long int64Field126_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field126 {
+      get { return int64Field126_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field126_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_127" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field127FieldNumber = 127;
+    private long int64Field127_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field127 {
+      get { return int64Field127_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field127_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_128" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField128FieldNumber = 128;
+    private double doubleField128_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField128 {
+      get { return doubleField128_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField128_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_109" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField109FieldNumber = 109;
+    private double doubleField109_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField109 {
+      get { return doubleField109_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField109_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_110" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field110FieldNumber = 110;
+    private long int64Field110_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field110 {
+      get { return int64Field110_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field110_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_111" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField111FieldNumber = 111;
+    private double doubleField111_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField111 {
+      get { return doubleField111_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField111_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_112" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field112FieldNumber = 112;
+    private long int64Field112_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field112 {
+      get { return int64Field112_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field112_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_113" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField113FieldNumber = 113;
+    private double doubleField113_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField113 {
+      get { return doubleField113_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField113_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_114" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field114FieldNumber = 114;
+    private long int64Field114_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field114 {
+      get { return int64Field114_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field114_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_42" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField42FieldNumber = 42;
+    private double doubleField42_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField42 {
+      get { return doubleField42_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField42_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_43" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field43FieldNumber = 43;
+    private long int64Field43_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field43 {
+      get { return int64Field43_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field43_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_44" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field44FieldNumber = 44;
+    private long int64Field44_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field44 {
+      get { return int64Field44_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field44_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_45" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField45FieldNumber = 45;
+    private double doubleField45_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField45 {
+      get { return doubleField45_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField45_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_46" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField46FieldNumber = 46;
+    private double doubleField46_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField46 {
+      get { return doubleField46_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField46_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_78" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField78FieldNumber = 78;
+    private double doubleField78_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField78 {
+      get { return doubleField78_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField78_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_88" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField88FieldNumber = 88;
+    private double doubleField88_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField88 {
+      get { return doubleField88_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField88_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_47" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField47FieldNumber = 47;
+    private double doubleField47_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField47 {
+      get { return doubleField47_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField47_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_89" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField89FieldNumber = 89;
+    private double doubleField89_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField89 {
+      get { return doubleField89_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField89_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_48" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField48FieldNumber = 48;
+    private double doubleField48_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField48 {
+      get { return doubleField48_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField48_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_49" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField49FieldNumber = 49;
+    private double doubleField49_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField49 {
+      get { return doubleField49_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField49_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_50" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField50FieldNumber = 50;
+    private double doubleField50_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField50 {
+      get { return doubleField50_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField50_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_90" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField90FieldNumber = 90;
+    private double doubleField90_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField90 {
+      get { return doubleField90_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField90_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_51" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField51FieldNumber = 51;
+    private double doubleField51_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField51 {
+      get { return doubleField51_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField51_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_91" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField91FieldNumber = 91;
+    private double doubleField91_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField91 {
+      get { return doubleField91_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField91_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_92" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField92FieldNumber = 92;
+    private double doubleField92_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField92 {
+      get { return doubleField92_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField92_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_107" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field107FieldNumber = 107;
+    private long int64Field107_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field107 {
+      get { return int64Field107_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field107_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_93" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField93FieldNumber = 93;
+    private double doubleField93_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField93 {
+      get { return doubleField93_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField93_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_108" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField108FieldNumber = 108;
+    private double doubleField108_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField108 {
+      get { return doubleField108_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField108_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_52" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField52FieldNumber = 52;
+    private double doubleField52_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField52 {
+      get { return doubleField52_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField52_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_53" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField53FieldNumber = 53;
+    private double doubleField53_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField53 {
+      get { return doubleField53_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField53_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_94" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField94FieldNumber = 94;
+    private double doubleField94_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField94 {
+      get { return doubleField94_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField94_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_54" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField54FieldNumber = 54;
+    private double doubleField54_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField54 {
+      get { return doubleField54_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField54_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_55" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField55FieldNumber = 55;
+    private double doubleField55_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField55 {
+      get { return doubleField55_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField55_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_56" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField56FieldNumber = 56;
+    private double doubleField56_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField56 {
+      get { return doubleField56_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField56_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_57" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField57FieldNumber = 57;
+    private double doubleField57_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField57 {
+      get { return doubleField57_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField57_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field_58" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleField58FieldNumber = 58;
+    private double doubleField58_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleField58 {
+      get { return doubleField58_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField58_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_59" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field59FieldNumber = 59;
+    private long int64Field59_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field59 {
+      get { return int64Field59_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field59_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field_60" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64Field60FieldNumber = 60;
+    private long int64Field60_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Int64Field60 {
+      get { return int64Field60_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field60_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField95, other.DoubleField95)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField1, other.DoubleField1)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField79, other.DoubleField79)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field2 != other.Int64Field2) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField96, other.DoubleField96)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field3 != other.Int64Field3) return false;
+      if (Int64Field4 != other.Int64Field4) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField97, other.DoubleField97)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField65, other.DoubleField65)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField66, other.DoubleField66)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField7, other.DoubleField7)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField62, other.DoubleField62)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField118, other.DoubleField118)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField119, other.DoubleField119)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField67, other.DoubleField67)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField120, other.DoubleField120)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField121, other.DoubleField121)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField122, other.DoubleField122)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField123, other.DoubleField123)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField124, other.DoubleField124)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField8, other.DoubleField8)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField9, other.DoubleField9)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField98, other.DoubleField98)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField10, other.DoubleField10)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField11, other.DoubleField11)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField99, other.DoubleField99)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField84, other.DoubleField84)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField14, other.DoubleField14)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField77, other.DoubleField77)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField15, other.DoubleField15)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field19 != other.Int64Field19) return false;
+      if (Int64Field115 != other.Int64Field115) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField116, other.DoubleField116)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field117 != other.Int64Field117) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField20, other.DoubleField20)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField21, other.DoubleField21)) return false;
+      if (StringField73 != other.StringField73) return false;
+      if (StringField74 != other.StringField74) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField22, other.DoubleField22)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField69, other.DoubleField69)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField70, other.DoubleField70)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField71, other.DoubleField71)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField72, other.DoubleField72)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField25, other.DoubleField25)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field26 != other.Int64Field26) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField68, other.DoubleField68)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField28, other.DoubleField28)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField106, other.DoubleField106)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField29, other.DoubleField29)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField30, other.DoubleField30)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField101, other.DoubleField101)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField102, other.DoubleField102)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField103, other.DoubleField103)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField104, other.DoubleField104)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField105, other.DoubleField105)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField31, other.DoubleField31)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field32 != other.Int64Field32) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField75, other.DoubleField75)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField129, other.DoubleField129)) return false;
+      if (EnumField80 != other.EnumField80) return false;
+      if (EnumField81 != other.EnumField81) return false;
+      if (Int64Field82 != other.Int64Field82) return false;
+      if (EnumField83 != other.EnumField83) return false;
+      if (Int64Field85 != other.Int64Field85) return false;
+      if (Int64Field86 != other.Int64Field86) return false;
+      if (Int64Field87 != other.Int64Field87) return false;
+      if (Int64Field125 != other.Int64Field125) return false;
+      if (Int64Field37 != other.Int64Field37) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField38, other.DoubleField38)) return false;
+      if (Interactions != other.Interactions) return false;
+      if(!repeatedIntField100_.Equals(other.repeatedIntField100_)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField40, other.DoubleField40)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field41 != other.Int64Field41) return false;
+      if (Int64Field126 != other.Int64Field126) return false;
+      if (Int64Field127 != other.Int64Field127) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField128, other.DoubleField128)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField109, other.DoubleField109)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field110 != other.Int64Field110) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField111, other.DoubleField111)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field112 != other.Int64Field112) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField113, other.DoubleField113)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field114 != other.Int64Field114) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField42, other.DoubleField42)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field43 != other.Int64Field43) return false;
+      if (Int64Field44 != other.Int64Field44) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField45, other.DoubleField45)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField46, other.DoubleField46)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField78, other.DoubleField78)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField88, other.DoubleField88)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField47, other.DoubleField47)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField89, other.DoubleField89)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField48, other.DoubleField48)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField49, other.DoubleField49)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField50, other.DoubleField50)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField90, other.DoubleField90)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField51, other.DoubleField51)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField91, other.DoubleField91)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField92, other.DoubleField92)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field107 != other.Int64Field107) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField93, other.DoubleField93)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField108, other.DoubleField108)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField52, other.DoubleField52)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField53, other.DoubleField53)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField94, other.DoubleField94)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField54, other.DoubleField54)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField55, other.DoubleField55)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField56, other.DoubleField56)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField57, other.DoubleField57)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField58, other.DoubleField58)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field59 != other.Int64Field59) return false;
+      if (Int64Field60 != other.Int64Field60) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (DoubleField95 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField95);
+      if (DoubleField1 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField1);
+      if (DoubleField79 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField79);
+      if (Int64Field2 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field2.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField96 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField96);
+      if (Int64Field3 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field3.GetHashCode();
+      if (Int64Field4 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field4.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField97 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField97);
+      if (DoubleField65 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField65);
+      if (DoubleField66 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField66);
+      if (DoubleField7 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField7);
+      if (DoubleField62 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField62);
+      if (DoubleField118 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField118);
+      if (DoubleField119 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField119);
+      if (DoubleField67 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField67);
+      if (DoubleField120 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField120);
+      if (DoubleField121 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField121);
+      if (DoubleField122 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField122);
+      if (DoubleField123 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField123);
+      if (DoubleField124 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField124);
+      if (DoubleField8 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField8);
+      if (DoubleField9 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField9);
+      if (DoubleField98 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField98);
+      if (DoubleField10 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField10);
+      if (DoubleField11 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField11);
+      if (DoubleField99 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField99);
+      if (DoubleField84 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField84);
+      if (DoubleField14 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField14);
+      if (DoubleField77 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField77);
+      if (DoubleField15 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField15);
+      if (Int64Field19 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field19.GetHashCode();
+      if (Int64Field115 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field115.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField116 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField116);
+      if (Int64Field117 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field117.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField20 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField20);
+      if (DoubleField21 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField21);
+      if (StringField73.Length != 0) hash ^= StringField73.GetHashCode();
+      if (StringField74.Length != 0) hash ^= StringField74.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField22 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField22);
+      if (DoubleField69 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField69);
+      if (DoubleField70 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField70);
+      if (DoubleField71 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField71);
+      if (DoubleField72 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField72);
+      if (DoubleField25 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField25);
+      if (Int64Field26 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field26.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField68 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField68);
+      if (DoubleField28 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField28);
+      if (DoubleField106 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField106);
+      if (DoubleField29 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField29);
+      if (DoubleField30 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField30);
+      if (DoubleField101 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField101);
+      if (DoubleField102 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField102);
+      if (DoubleField103 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField103);
+      if (DoubleField104 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField104);
+      if (DoubleField105 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField105);
+      if (DoubleField31 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField31);
+      if (Int64Field32 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field32.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField75 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField75);
+      if (DoubleField129 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField129);
+      if (EnumField80 != 0) hash ^= EnumField80.GetHashCode();
+      if (EnumField81 != 0) hash ^= EnumField81.GetHashCode();
+      if (Int64Field82 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field82.GetHashCode();
+      if (EnumField83 != 0) hash ^= EnumField83.GetHashCode();
+      if (Int64Field85 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field85.GetHashCode();
+      if (Int64Field86 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field86.GetHashCode();
+      if (Int64Field87 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field87.GetHashCode();
+      if (Int64Field125 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field125.GetHashCode();
+      if (Int64Field37 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field37.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField38 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField38);
+      if (Interactions != 0L) hash ^= Interactions.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedIntField100_.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField40 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField40);
+      if (Int64Field41 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field41.GetHashCode();
+      if (Int64Field126 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field126.GetHashCode();
+      if (Int64Field127 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field127.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField128 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField128);
+      if (DoubleField109 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField109);
+      if (Int64Field110 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field110.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField111 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField111);
+      if (Int64Field112 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field112.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField113 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField113);
+      if (Int64Field114 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field114.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField42 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField42);
+      if (Int64Field43 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field43.GetHashCode();
+      if (Int64Field44 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field44.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField45 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField45);
+      if (DoubleField46 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField46);
+      if (DoubleField78 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField78);
+      if (DoubleField88 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField88);
+      if (DoubleField47 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField47);
+      if (DoubleField89 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField89);
+      if (DoubleField48 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField48);
+      if (DoubleField49 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField49);
+      if (DoubleField50 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField50);
+      if (DoubleField90 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField90);
+      if (DoubleField51 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField51);
+      if (DoubleField91 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField91);
+      if (DoubleField92 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField92);
+      if (Int64Field107 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field107.GetHashCode();
+      if (DoubleField93 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField93);
+      if (DoubleField108 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField108);
+      if (DoubleField52 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField52);
+      if (DoubleField53 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField53);
+      if (DoubleField94 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField94);
+      if (DoubleField54 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField54);
+      if (DoubleField55 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField55);
+      if (DoubleField56 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField56);
+      if (DoubleField57 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField57);
+      if (DoubleField58 != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField58);
+      if (Int64Field59 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field59.GetHashCode();
+      if (Int64Field60 != 0L) hash ^= Int64Field60.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (DoubleField1 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(9);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField1);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field2 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field2);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field3 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field3);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field4 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(32);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field4);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField7 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(57);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField7);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField8 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(65);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField8);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField9 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(73);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField9);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField10 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(81);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField10);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField11 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(89);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField11);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField14 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(113);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField14);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField15 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(121);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField15);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field19 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(152, 1);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field19);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField20 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(161, 1);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField20);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField21 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(169, 1);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField21);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField22 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(177, 1);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField22);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField25 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(201, 1);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField25);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field26 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(208, 1);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field26);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField28 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(225, 1);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField28);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField29 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(233, 1);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField29);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField30 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(241, 1);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField30);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField31 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(249, 1);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField31);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field32 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 2);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field32);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field37 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(168, 2);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field37);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField38 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(177, 2);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField38);
+      }
+      if (Interactions != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(184, 2);
+        output.WriteInt64(Interactions);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField40 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(193, 2);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField40);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field41 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(200, 2);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field41);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField42 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(209, 2);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField42);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field43 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(216, 2);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field43);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field44 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(224, 2);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field44);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField45 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(233, 2);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField45);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField46 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(241, 2);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField46);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField47 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(249, 2);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField47);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField48 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(129, 3);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField48);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField49 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(137, 3);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField49);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField50 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(145, 3);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField50);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField51 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(153, 3);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField51);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField52 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(161, 3);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField52);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField53 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(169, 3);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField53);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField54 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(177, 3);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField54);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField55 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(185, 3);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField55);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField56 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(193, 3);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField56);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField57 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(201, 3);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField57);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField58 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(209, 3);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField58);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field59 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(216, 3);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field59);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field60 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(224, 3);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field60);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField62 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(241, 3);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField62);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField65 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(137, 4);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField65);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField66 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(145, 4);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField66);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField67 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(153, 4);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField67);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField68 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(161, 4);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField68);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField69 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(169, 4);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField69);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField70 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(177, 4);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField70);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField71 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(185, 4);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField71);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField72 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(193, 4);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField72);
+      }
+      if (StringField73.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(202, 4);
+        output.WriteString(StringField73);
+      }
+      if (StringField74.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(210, 4);
+        output.WriteString(StringField74);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField75 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(217, 4);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField75);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField77 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(233, 4);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField77);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField78 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(241, 4);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField78);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField79 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(249, 4);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField79);
+      }
+      if (EnumField80 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 5);
+        output.WriteInt32(EnumField80);
+      }
+      if (EnumField81 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 5);
+        output.WriteInt32(EnumField81);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field82 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(144, 5);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field82);
+      }
+      if (EnumField83 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(152, 5);
+        output.WriteInt32(EnumField83);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField84 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(161, 5);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField84);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field85 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(168, 5);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field85);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field86 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(176, 5);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field86);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field87 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(184, 5);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field87);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField88 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(193, 5);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField88);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField89 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(201, 5);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField89);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField90 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(209, 5);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField90);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField91 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(217, 5);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField91);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField92 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(225, 5);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField92);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField93 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(233, 5);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField93);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField94 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(241, 5);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField94);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField95 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(249, 5);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField95);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField96 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(129, 6);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField96);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField97 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(137, 6);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField97);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField98 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(145, 6);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField98);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField99 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(153, 6);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField99);
+      }
+      repeatedIntField100_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedIntField100_codec);
+      if (DoubleField101 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(169, 6);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField101);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField102 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(177, 6);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField102);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField103 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(185, 6);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField103);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField104 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(193, 6);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField104);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField105 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(201, 6);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField105);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField106 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(209, 6);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField106);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field107 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(216, 6);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field107);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField108 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(225, 6);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField108);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField109 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(233, 6);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField109);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field110 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(240, 6);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field110);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField111 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(249, 6);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField111);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field112 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 7);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field112);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField113 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(137, 7);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField113);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field114 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(144, 7);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field114);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field115 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(152, 7);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field115);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField116 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(161, 7);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField116);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field117 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(168, 7);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field117);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField118 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(177, 7);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField118);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField119 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(185, 7);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField119);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField120 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(193, 7);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField120);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField121 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(201, 7);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField121);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField122 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(209, 7);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField122);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField123 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(217, 7);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField123);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField124 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(225, 7);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField124);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field125 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(232, 7);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field125);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field126 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(240, 7);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field126);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field127 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 7);
+        output.WriteInt64(Int64Field127);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField128 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(129, 8);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField128);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField129 != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(137, 8);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleField129);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (DoubleField95 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField1 != 0D) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField79 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Int64Field2 != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field2);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField96 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Int64Field3 != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field3);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field4 != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field4);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField97 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField65 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField66 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField7 != 0D) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField62 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField118 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField119 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField67 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField120 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField121 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField122 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField123 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField124 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField8 != 0D) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField9 != 0D) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField98 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField10 != 0D) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField11 != 0D) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField99 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField84 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField14 != 0D) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField77 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField15 != 0D) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Int64Field19 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field19);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field115 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field115);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField116 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Int64Field117 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field117);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField20 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField21 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (StringField73.Length != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(StringField73);
+      }
+      if (StringField74.Length != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(StringField74);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField22 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField69 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField70 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField71 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField72 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField25 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Int64Field26 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field26);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField68 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField28 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField106 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField29 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField30 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField101 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField102 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField103 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField104 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField105 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField31 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Int64Field32 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field32);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField75 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField129 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (EnumField80 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(EnumField80);
+      }
+      if (EnumField81 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(EnumField81);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field82 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field82);
+      }
+      if (EnumField83 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(EnumField83);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field85 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field85);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field86 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field86);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field87 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field87);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field125 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field125);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field37 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field37);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField38 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Interactions != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Interactions);
+      }
+      size += repeatedIntField100_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedIntField100_codec);
+      if (DoubleField40 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Int64Field41 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field41);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field126 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field126);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field127 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field127);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField128 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField109 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Int64Field110 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field110);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField111 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Int64Field112 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field112);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField113 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Int64Field114 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field114);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField42 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Int64Field43 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field43);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field44 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field44);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField45 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField46 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField78 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField88 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField47 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField89 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField48 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField49 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField50 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField90 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField51 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField91 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField92 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Int64Field107 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field107);
+      }
+      if (DoubleField93 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField108 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField52 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField53 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField94 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField54 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField55 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField56 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField57 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (DoubleField58 != 0D) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (Int64Field59 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field59);
+      }
+      if (Int64Field60 != 0L) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Int64Field60);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField95 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField95 = other.DoubleField95;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField1 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField1 = other.DoubleField1;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField79 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField79 = other.DoubleField79;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field2 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field2 = other.Int64Field2;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField96 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField96 = other.DoubleField96;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field3 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field3 = other.Int64Field3;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field4 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field4 = other.Int64Field4;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField97 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField97 = other.DoubleField97;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField65 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField65 = other.DoubleField65;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField66 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField66 = other.DoubleField66;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField7 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField7 = other.DoubleField7;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField62 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField62 = other.DoubleField62;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField118 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField118 = other.DoubleField118;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField119 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField119 = other.DoubleField119;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField67 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField67 = other.DoubleField67;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField120 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField120 = other.DoubleField120;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField121 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField121 = other.DoubleField121;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField122 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField122 = other.DoubleField122;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField123 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField123 = other.DoubleField123;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField124 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField124 = other.DoubleField124;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField8 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField8 = other.DoubleField8;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField9 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField9 = other.DoubleField9;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField98 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField98 = other.DoubleField98;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField10 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField10 = other.DoubleField10;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField11 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField11 = other.DoubleField11;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField99 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField99 = other.DoubleField99;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField84 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField84 = other.DoubleField84;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField14 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField14 = other.DoubleField14;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField77 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField77 = other.DoubleField77;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField15 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField15 = other.DoubleField15;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field19 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field19 = other.Int64Field19;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field115 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field115 = other.Int64Field115;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField116 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField116 = other.DoubleField116;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field117 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field117 = other.Int64Field117;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField20 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField20 = other.DoubleField20;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField21 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField21 = other.DoubleField21;
+      }
+      if (other.StringField73.Length != 0) {
+        StringField73 = other.StringField73;
+      }
+      if (other.StringField74.Length != 0) {
+        StringField74 = other.StringField74;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField22 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField22 = other.DoubleField22;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField69 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField69 = other.DoubleField69;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField70 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField70 = other.DoubleField70;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField71 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField71 = other.DoubleField71;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField72 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField72 = other.DoubleField72;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField25 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField25 = other.DoubleField25;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field26 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field26 = other.Int64Field26;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField68 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField68 = other.DoubleField68;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField28 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField28 = other.DoubleField28;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField106 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField106 = other.DoubleField106;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField29 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField29 = other.DoubleField29;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField30 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField30 = other.DoubleField30;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField101 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField101 = other.DoubleField101;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField102 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField102 = other.DoubleField102;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField103 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField103 = other.DoubleField103;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField104 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField104 = other.DoubleField104;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField105 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField105 = other.DoubleField105;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField31 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField31 = other.DoubleField31;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field32 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field32 = other.Int64Field32;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField75 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField75 = other.DoubleField75;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField129 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField129 = other.DoubleField129;
+      }
+      if (other.EnumField80 != 0) {
+        EnumField80 = other.EnumField80;
+      }
+      if (other.EnumField81 != 0) {
+        EnumField81 = other.EnumField81;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field82 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field82 = other.Int64Field82;
+      }
+      if (other.EnumField83 != 0) {
+        EnumField83 = other.EnumField83;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field85 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field85 = other.Int64Field85;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field86 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field86 = other.Int64Field86;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field87 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field87 = other.Int64Field87;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field125 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field125 = other.Int64Field125;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field37 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field37 = other.Int64Field37;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField38 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField38 = other.DoubleField38;
+      }
+      if (other.Interactions != 0L) {
+        Interactions = other.Interactions;
+      }
+      repeatedIntField100_.Add(other.repeatedIntField100_);
+      if (other.DoubleField40 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField40 = other.DoubleField40;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field41 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field41 = other.Int64Field41;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field126 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field126 = other.Int64Field126;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field127 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field127 = other.Int64Field127;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField128 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField128 = other.DoubleField128;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField109 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField109 = other.DoubleField109;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field110 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field110 = other.Int64Field110;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField111 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField111 = other.DoubleField111;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field112 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field112 = other.Int64Field112;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField113 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField113 = other.DoubleField113;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field114 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field114 = other.Int64Field114;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField42 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField42 = other.DoubleField42;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field43 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field43 = other.Int64Field43;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field44 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field44 = other.Int64Field44;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField45 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField45 = other.DoubleField45;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField46 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField46 = other.DoubleField46;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField78 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField78 = other.DoubleField78;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField88 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField88 = other.DoubleField88;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField47 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField47 = other.DoubleField47;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField89 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField89 = other.DoubleField89;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField48 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField48 = other.DoubleField48;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField49 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField49 = other.DoubleField49;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField50 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField50 = other.DoubleField50;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField90 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField90 = other.DoubleField90;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField51 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField51 = other.DoubleField51;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField91 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField91 = other.DoubleField91;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField92 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField92 = other.DoubleField92;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field107 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field107 = other.Int64Field107;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField93 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField93 = other.DoubleField93;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField108 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField108 = other.DoubleField108;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField52 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField52 = other.DoubleField52;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField53 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField53 = other.DoubleField53;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField94 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField94 = other.DoubleField94;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField54 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField54 = other.DoubleField54;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField55 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField55 = other.DoubleField55;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField56 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField56 = other.DoubleField56;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField57 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField57 = other.DoubleField57;
+      }
+      if (other.DoubleField58 != 0D) {
+        DoubleField58 = other.DoubleField58;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field59 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field59 = other.Int64Field59;
+      }
+      if (other.Int64Field60 != 0L) {
+        Int64Field60 = other.Int64Field60;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 9: {
+            DoubleField1 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Int64Field2 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            Int64Field3 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+            Int64Field4 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 57: {
+            DoubleField7 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 65: {
+            DoubleField8 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 73: {
+            DoubleField9 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 81: {
+            DoubleField10 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 89: {
+            DoubleField11 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 113: {
+            DoubleField14 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 121: {
+            DoubleField15 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 152: {
+            Int64Field19 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 161: {
+            DoubleField20 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 169: {
+            DoubleField21 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 177: {
+            DoubleField22 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 201: {
+            DoubleField25 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 208: {
+            Int64Field26 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 225: {
+            DoubleField28 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 233: {
+            DoubleField29 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 241: {
+            DoubleField30 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 249: {
+            DoubleField31 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 256: {
+            Int64Field32 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 296: {
+            Int64Field37 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 305: {
+            DoubleField38 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 312: {
+            Interactions = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 321: {
+            DoubleField40 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 328: {
+            Int64Field41 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 337: {
+            DoubleField42 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 344: {
+            Int64Field43 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 352: {
+            Int64Field44 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 361: {
+            DoubleField45 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 369: {
+            DoubleField46 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 377: {
+            DoubleField47 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 385: {
+            DoubleField48 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 393: {
+            DoubleField49 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 401: {
+            DoubleField50 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 409: {
+            DoubleField51 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 417: {
+            DoubleField52 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 425: {
+            DoubleField53 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 433: {
+            DoubleField54 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 441: {
+            DoubleField55 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 449: {
+            DoubleField56 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 457: {
+            DoubleField57 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 465: {
+            DoubleField58 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 472: {
+            Int64Field59 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 480: {
+            Int64Field60 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 497: {
+            DoubleField62 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 521: {
+            DoubleField65 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 529: {
+            DoubleField66 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 537: {
+            DoubleField67 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 545: {
+            DoubleField68 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 553: {
+            DoubleField69 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 561: {
+            DoubleField70 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 569: {
+            DoubleField71 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 577: {
+            DoubleField72 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 586: {
+            StringField73 = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 594: {
+            StringField74 = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 601: {
+            DoubleField75 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 617: {
+            DoubleField77 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 625: {
+            DoubleField78 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 633: {
+            DoubleField79 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 640: {
+            EnumField80 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 648: {
+            EnumField81 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 656: {
+            Int64Field82 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 664: {
+            EnumField83 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 673: {
+            DoubleField84 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 680: {
+            Int64Field85 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 688: {
+            Int64Field86 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 696: {
+            Int64Field87 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 705: {
+            DoubleField88 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 713: {
+            DoubleField89 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 721: {
+            DoubleField90 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 729: {
+            DoubleField91 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 737: {
+            DoubleField92 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 745: {
+            DoubleField93 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 753: {
+            DoubleField94 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 761: {
+            DoubleField95 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 769: {
+            DoubleField96 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 777: {
+            DoubleField97 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 785: {
+            DoubleField98 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 793: {
+            DoubleField99 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 802:
+          case 800: {
+            repeatedIntField100_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedIntField100_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 809: {
+            DoubleField101 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 817: {
+            DoubleField102 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 825: {
+            DoubleField103 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 833: {
+            DoubleField104 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 841: {
+            DoubleField105 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 849: {
+            DoubleField106 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 856: {
+            Int64Field107 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 865: {
+            DoubleField108 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 873: {
+            DoubleField109 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 880: {
+            Int64Field110 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 889: {
+            DoubleField111 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 896: {
+            Int64Field112 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 905: {
+            DoubleField113 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 912: {
+            Int64Field114 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 920: {
+            Int64Field115 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 929: {
+            DoubleField116 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 936: {
+            Int64Field117 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 945: {
+            DoubleField118 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 953: {
+            DoubleField119 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 961: {
+            DoubleField120 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 969: {
+            DoubleField121 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 977: {
+            DoubleField122 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 985: {
+            DoubleField123 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 993: {
+            DoubleField124 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1000: {
+            Int64Field125 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1008: {
+            Int64Field126 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1016: {
+            Int64Field127 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1025: {
+            DoubleField128 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1033: {
+            DoubleField129 = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/wrapper_benchmark_messages.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/wrapper_benchmark_messages.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6802c252b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks/wrapper_benchmark_messages.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf.benchmarks;
+
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+// a message that has a large number of wrapper fields
+// obfuscated version of an internal message
+message ManyWrapperFieldsMessage {
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_95 = 95;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_1 = 1;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_79 = 79;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_2 = 2;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_96 = 96;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_3 = 3;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_4 = 4;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_97 = 97;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_65 = 65;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_66 = 66;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_7 = 7;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_62 = 62;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_118 = 118;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_119 = 119;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_67 = 67;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_120 = 120;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_121 = 121;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_122 = 122;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_123 = 123;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_124 = 124;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_8 = 8;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_9 = 9;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_98 = 98;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_10 = 10;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_11 = 11;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_99 = 99;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_84 = 84;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_14 = 14;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_77 = 77;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_15 = 15;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_19 = 19;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_115 = 115;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_116 = 116;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_117 = 117;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_20 = 20;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_21 = 21;
+  google.protobuf.StringValue string_field_73 = 73;
+  google.protobuf.StringValue string_field_74 = 74;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_22 = 22;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_69 = 69;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_70 = 70;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_71 = 71;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_72 = 72;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_25 = 25;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_26 = 26;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_68 = 68;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_28 = 28;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_106 = 106;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_29 = 29;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_30 = 30;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_101 = 101;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_102 = 102;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_103 = 103;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_104 = 104;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_105 = 105;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_31 = 31;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_32 = 32;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_75 = 75;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_129 = 129;
+  int32 enum_field_80 = 80;
+  int32 enum_field_81 = 81;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_82 = 82;
+  int32 enum_field_83 = 83;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_85 = 85;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_86 = 86;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_87 = 87;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_125 = 125;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_37 = 37;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_38 = 38;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value interactions = 39;
+  repeated int32 repeated_int_field_100 = 100;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_40 = 40;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_41 = 41;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_126 = 126;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_127 = 127;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_128 = 128;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_109 = 109;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_110 = 110;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_111 = 111;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_112 = 112;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_113 = 113;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_114 = 114;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_42 = 42;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_43 = 43;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_44 = 44;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_45 = 45;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_46 = 46;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_78 = 78;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_88 = 88;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_47 = 47;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_89 = 89;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_48 = 48;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_49 = 49;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_50 = 50;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_90 = 90;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_51 = 51;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_91 = 91;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_92 = 92;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_107 = 107;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_93 = 93;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_108 = 108;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_52 = 52;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_53 = 53;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_94 = 94;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_54 = 54;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_55 = 55;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_56 = 56;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_57 = 57;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field_58 = 58;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_59 = 59;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field_60 = 60;
+}
+
+// same as ManyWrapperFieldsMessages, but with primitive fields
+// for comparison.
+message ManyPrimitiveFieldsMessage {
+  double double_field_95 = 95;
+  double double_field_1 = 1;
+  double double_field_79 = 79;
+  int64 int64_field_2 = 2;
+  double double_field_96 = 96;
+  int64 int64_field_3 = 3;
+  int64 int64_field_4 = 4;
+  double double_field_97 = 97;
+  double double_field_65 = 65;
+  double double_field_66 = 66;
+  double double_field_7 = 7;
+  double double_field_62 = 62;
+  double double_field_118 = 118;
+  double double_field_119 = 119;
+  double double_field_67 = 67;
+  double double_field_120 = 120;
+  double double_field_121 = 121;
+  double double_field_122 = 122;
+  double double_field_123 = 123;
+  double double_field_124 = 124;
+  double double_field_8 = 8;
+  double double_field_9 = 9;
+  double double_field_98 = 98;
+  double double_field_10 = 10;
+  double double_field_11 = 11;
+  double double_field_99 = 99;
+  double double_field_84 = 84;
+  double double_field_14 = 14;
+  double double_field_77 = 77;
+  double double_field_15 = 15;
+  int64 int64_field_19 = 19;
+  int64 int64_field_115 = 115;
+  double double_field_116 = 116;
+  int64 int64_field_117 = 117;
+  double double_field_20 = 20;
+  double double_field_21 = 21;
+  string string_field_73 = 73;
+  string string_field_74 = 74;
+  double double_field_22 = 22;
+  double double_field_69 = 69;
+  double double_field_70 = 70;
+  double double_field_71 = 71;
+  double double_field_72 = 72;
+  double double_field_25 = 25;
+  int64 int64_field_26 = 26;
+  double double_field_68 = 68;
+  double double_field_28 = 28;
+  double double_field_106 = 106;
+  double double_field_29 = 29;
+  double double_field_30 = 30;
+  double double_field_101 = 101;
+  double double_field_102 = 102;
+  double double_field_103 = 103;
+  double double_field_104 = 104;
+  double double_field_105 = 105;
+  double double_field_31 = 31;
+  int64 int64_field_32 = 32;
+  double double_field_75 = 75;
+  double double_field_129 = 129;
+  int32 enum_field_80 = 80;
+  int32 enum_field_81 = 81;
+  int64 int64_field_82 = 82;
+  int32 enum_field_83 = 83;
+  int64 int64_field_85 = 85;
+  int64 int64_field_86 = 86;
+  int64 int64_field_87 = 87;
+  int64 int64_field_125 = 125;
+  int64 int64_field_37 = 37;
+  double double_field_38 = 38;
+  int64 interactions = 39;
+  repeated int32 repeated_int_field_100 = 100;
+  double double_field_40 = 40;
+  int64 int64_field_41 = 41;
+  int64 int64_field_126 = 126;
+  int64 int64_field_127 = 127;
+  double double_field_128 = 128;
+  double double_field_109 = 109;
+  int64 int64_field_110 = 110;
+  double double_field_111 = 111;
+  int64 int64_field_112 = 112;
+  double double_field_113 = 113;
+  int64 int64_field_114 = 114;
+  double double_field_42 = 42;
+  int64 int64_field_43 = 43;
+  int64 int64_field_44 = 44;
+  double double_field_45 = 45;
+  double double_field_46 = 46;
+  double double_field_78 = 78;
+  double double_field_88 = 88;
+  double double_field_47 = 47;
+  double double_field_89 = 89;
+  double double_field_48 = 48;
+  double double_field_49 = 49;
+  double double_field_50 = 50;
+  double double_field_90 = 90;
+  double double_field_51 = 51;
+  double double_field_91 = 91;
+  double double_field_92 = 92;
+  int64 int64_field_107 = 107;
+  double double_field_93 = 93;
+  double double_field_108 = 108;
+  double double_field_52 = 52;
+  double double_field_53 = 53;
+  double double_field_94 = 94;
+  double double_field_54 = 54;
+  double double_field_55 = 55;
+  double double_field_56 = 56;
+  double double_field_57 = 57;
+  double double_field_58 = 58;
+  int64 int64_field_59 = 59;
+  int64 int64_field_60 = 60;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance/Conformance.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance/Conformance.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65ba9b126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance/Conformance.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,1211 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: conformance.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Conformance {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from conformance.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class ConformanceReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for conformance.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static ConformanceReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "ChFjb25mb3JtYW5jZS5wcm90bxILY29uZm9ybWFuY2UiHQoKRmFpbHVyZVNl",
+            "dBIPCgdmYWlsdXJlGAEgAygJIuMCChJDb25mb3JtYW5jZVJlcXVlc3QSGgoQ",
+            "cHJvdG9idWZfcGF5bG9hZBgBIAEoDEgAEhYKDGpzb25fcGF5bG9hZBgCIAEo",
+            "CUgAEhYKDGpzcGJfcGF5bG9hZBgHIAEoCUgAEhYKDHRleHRfcGF5bG9hZBgI",
+            "IAEoCUgAEjgKF3JlcXVlc3RlZF9vdXRwdXRfZm9ybWF0GAMgASgOMhcuY29u",
+            "Zm9ybWFuY2UuV2lyZUZvcm1hdBIUCgxtZXNzYWdlX3R5cGUYBCABKAkSMAoN",
+            "dGVzdF9jYXRlZ29yeRgFIAEoDjIZLmNvbmZvcm1hbmNlLlRlc3RDYXRlZ29y",
+            "eRI+ChVqc3BiX2VuY29kaW5nX29wdGlvbnMYBiABKAsyHy5jb25mb3JtYW5j",
+            "ZS5Kc3BiRW5jb2RpbmdDb25maWcSHAoUcHJpbnRfdW5rbm93bl9maWVsZHMY",
+            "CSABKAhCCQoHcGF5bG9hZCLhAQoTQ29uZm9ybWFuY2VSZXNwb25zZRIVCgtw",
+            "YXJzZV9lcnJvchgBIAEoCUgAEhkKD3NlcmlhbGl6ZV9lcnJvchgGIAEoCUgA",
+            "EhcKDXJ1bnRpbWVfZXJyb3IYAiABKAlIABIaChBwcm90b2J1Zl9wYXlsb2Fk",
+            "GAMgASgMSAASFgoManNvbl9wYXlsb2FkGAQgASgJSAASEQoHc2tpcHBlZBgF",
+            "IAEoCUgAEhYKDGpzcGJfcGF5bG9hZBgHIAEoCUgAEhYKDHRleHRfcGF5bG9h",
+            "ZBgIIAEoCUgAQggKBnJlc3VsdCI3ChJKc3BiRW5jb2RpbmdDb25maWcSIQoZ",
+            "dXNlX2pzcGJfYXJyYXlfYW55X2Zvcm1hdBgBIAEoCCpQCgpXaXJlRm9ybWF0",
+            "Eg8KC1VOU1BFQ0lGSUVEEAASDAoIUFJPVE9CVUYQARIICgRKU09OEAISCAoE",
+            "SlNQQhADEg8KC1RFWFRfRk9STUFUEAQqjwEKDFRlc3RDYXRlZ29yeRIUChBV",
+            "TlNQRUNJRklFRF9URVNUEAASDwoLQklOQVJZX1RFU1QQARINCglKU09OX1RF",
+            "U1QQAhIkCiBKU09OX0lHTk9SRV9VTktOT1dOX1BBUlNJTkdfVEVTVBADEg0K",
+            "CUpTUEJfVEVTVBAEEhQKEFRFWFRfRk9STUFUX1RFU1QQBUIhCh9jb20uZ29v",
+            "Z2xlLnByb3RvYnVmLmNvbmZvcm1hbmNlYgZwcm90bzM="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(new[] {typeof(global::Conformance.WireFormat), typeof(global::Conformance.TestCategory), }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Conformance.FailureSet), global::Conformance.FailureSet.Parser, new[]{ "Failure" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Conformance.ConformanceRequest), global::Conformance.ConformanceRequest.Parser, new[]{ "ProtobufPayload", "JsonPayload", "JspbPayload", "TextPayload", "RequestedOutputFormat", "MessageType", "TestCategory", "JspbEncodingOptions", "PrintUnknownFields" }, new[]{ "Payload" }, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Conformance.ConformanceResponse), global::Conformance.ConformanceResponse.Parser, new[]{ "ParseError", "SerializeError", "RuntimeError", "ProtobufPayload", "JsonPayload", "Skipped", "JspbPayload", "TextPayload" }, new[]{ "Result" }, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Conformance.JspbEncodingConfig), global::Conformance.JspbEncodingConfig.Parser, new[]{ "UseJspbArrayAnyFormat" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Enums
+  public enum WireFormat {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("UNSPECIFIED")] Unspecified = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("PROTOBUF")] Protobuf = 1,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("JSON")] Json = 2,
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Google internal only. Opensource testees just skip it.
+    /// </summary>
+    [pbr::OriginalName("JSPB")] Jspb = 3,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("TEXT_FORMAT")] TextFormat = 4,
+  }
+
+  public enum TestCategory {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("UNSPECIFIED_TEST")] UnspecifiedTest = 0,
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Test binary wire format.
+    /// </summary>
+    [pbr::OriginalName("BINARY_TEST")] BinaryTest = 1,
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Test json wire format.
+    /// </summary>
+    [pbr::OriginalName("JSON_TEST")] JsonTest = 2,
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Similar to JSON_TEST. However, during parsing json, testee should ignore
+    /// unknown fields. This feature is optional. Each implementation can descide
+    /// whether to support it.  See
+    /// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto3#json_options
+    /// for more detail.
+    /// </summary>
+    [pbr::OriginalName("JSON_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_PARSING_TEST")] JsonIgnoreUnknownParsingTest = 3,
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Test jspb wire format. Google internal only. Opensource testees just skip it.
+    /// </summary>
+    [pbr::OriginalName("JSPB_TEST")] JspbTest = 4,
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Test text format. For cpp, java and python, testees can already deal with
+    /// this type. Testees of other languages can simply skip it.
+    /// </summary>
+    [pbr::OriginalName("TEXT_FORMAT_TEST")] TextFormatTest = 5,
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// The conformance runner will request a list of failures as the first request.
+  /// This will be known by message_type == "conformance.FailureSet", a conformance
+  /// test should return a serialized FailureSet in protobuf_payload.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class FailureSet : pb::IMessage<FailureSet> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FailureSet> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FailureSet>(() => new FailureSet());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FailureSet> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Conformance.ConformanceReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FailureSet() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FailureSet(FailureSet other) : this() {
+      failure_ = other.failure_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FailureSet Clone() {
+      return new FailureSet(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "failure" field.</summary>
+    public const int FailureFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_failure_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> failure_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> Failure {
+      get { return failure_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FailureSet);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FailureSet other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!failure_.Equals(other.failure_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= failure_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      failure_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_failure_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += failure_.CalculateSize(_repeated_failure_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FailureSet other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      failure_.Add(other.failure_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            failure_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_failure_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Represents a single test case's input.  The testee should:
+  ///
+  ///   1. parse this proto (which should always succeed)
+  ///   2. parse the protobuf or JSON payload in "payload" (which may fail)
+  ///   3. if the parse succeeded, serialize the message in the requested format.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class ConformanceRequest : pb::IMessage<ConformanceRequest> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ConformanceRequest> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ConformanceRequest>(() => new ConformanceRequest());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ConformanceRequest> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Conformance.ConformanceReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ConformanceRequest() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ConformanceRequest(ConformanceRequest other) : this() {
+      requestedOutputFormat_ = other.requestedOutputFormat_;
+      messageType_ = other.messageType_;
+      testCategory_ = other.testCategory_;
+      jspbEncodingOptions_ = other.jspbEncodingOptions_ != null ? other.jspbEncodingOptions_.Clone() : null;
+      printUnknownFields_ = other.printUnknownFields_;
+      switch (other.PayloadCase) {
+        case PayloadOneofCase.ProtobufPayload:
+          ProtobufPayload = other.ProtobufPayload;
+          break;
+        case PayloadOneofCase.JsonPayload:
+          JsonPayload = other.JsonPayload;
+          break;
+        case PayloadOneofCase.JspbPayload:
+          JspbPayload = other.JspbPayload;
+          break;
+        case PayloadOneofCase.TextPayload:
+          TextPayload = other.TextPayload;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ConformanceRequest Clone() {
+      return new ConformanceRequest(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "protobuf_payload" field.</summary>
+    public const int ProtobufPayloadFieldNumber = 1;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString ProtobufPayload {
+      get { return payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.ProtobufPayload ? (pb::ByteString) payload_ : pb::ByteString.Empty; }
+      set {
+        payload_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        payloadCase_ = PayloadOneofCase.ProtobufPayload;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "json_payload" field.</summary>
+    public const int JsonPayloadFieldNumber = 2;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string JsonPayload {
+      get { return payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.JsonPayload ? (string) payload_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        payload_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        payloadCase_ = PayloadOneofCase.JsonPayload;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "jspb_payload" field.</summary>
+    public const int JspbPayloadFieldNumber = 7;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Google internal only.  Opensource testees just skip it.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string JspbPayload {
+      get { return payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.JspbPayload ? (string) payload_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        payload_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        payloadCase_ = PayloadOneofCase.JspbPayload;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "text_payload" field.</summary>
+    public const int TextPayloadFieldNumber = 8;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string TextPayload {
+      get { return payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.TextPayload ? (string) payload_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        payload_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        payloadCase_ = PayloadOneofCase.TextPayload;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "requested_output_format" field.</summary>
+    public const int RequestedOutputFormatFieldNumber = 3;
+    private global::Conformance.WireFormat requestedOutputFormat_ = global::Conformance.WireFormat.Unspecified;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Which format should the testee serialize its message to?
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Conformance.WireFormat RequestedOutputFormat {
+      get { return requestedOutputFormat_; }
+      set {
+        requestedOutputFormat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "message_type" field.</summary>
+    public const int MessageTypeFieldNumber = 4;
+    private string messageType_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The full name for the test message to use; for the moment, either:
+    /// protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3 or
+    /// protobuf_test_messages.proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string MessageType {
+      get { return messageType_; }
+      set {
+        messageType_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "test_category" field.</summary>
+    public const int TestCategoryFieldNumber = 5;
+    private global::Conformance.TestCategory testCategory_ = global::Conformance.TestCategory.UnspecifiedTest;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Each test is given a specific test category. Some category may need
+    /// spedific support in testee programs. Refer to the defintion of TestCategory
+    /// for more information.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Conformance.TestCategory TestCategory {
+      get { return testCategory_; }
+      set {
+        testCategory_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "jspb_encoding_options" field.</summary>
+    public const int JspbEncodingOptionsFieldNumber = 6;
+    private global::Conformance.JspbEncodingConfig jspbEncodingOptions_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Specify details for how to encode jspb.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Conformance.JspbEncodingConfig JspbEncodingOptions {
+      get { return jspbEncodingOptions_; }
+      set {
+        jspbEncodingOptions_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "print_unknown_fields" field.</summary>
+    public const int PrintUnknownFieldsFieldNumber = 9;
+    private bool printUnknownFields_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// This can be used in json and text format. If true, testee should print
+    /// unknown fields instead of ignore. This feature is optional.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool PrintUnknownFields {
+      get { return printUnknownFields_; }
+      set {
+        printUnknownFields_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object payload_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "payload" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum PayloadOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      ProtobufPayload = 1,
+      JsonPayload = 2,
+      JspbPayload = 7,
+      TextPayload = 8,
+    }
+    private PayloadOneofCase payloadCase_ = PayloadOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public PayloadOneofCase PayloadCase {
+      get { return payloadCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearPayload() {
+      payloadCase_ = PayloadOneofCase.None;
+      payload_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ConformanceRequest);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ConformanceRequest other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (ProtobufPayload != other.ProtobufPayload) return false;
+      if (JsonPayload != other.JsonPayload) return false;
+      if (JspbPayload != other.JspbPayload) return false;
+      if (TextPayload != other.TextPayload) return false;
+      if (RequestedOutputFormat != other.RequestedOutputFormat) return false;
+      if (MessageType != other.MessageType) return false;
+      if (TestCategory != other.TestCategory) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(JspbEncodingOptions, other.JspbEncodingOptions)) return false;
+      if (PrintUnknownFields != other.PrintUnknownFields) return false;
+      if (PayloadCase != other.PayloadCase) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.ProtobufPayload) hash ^= ProtobufPayload.GetHashCode();
+      if (payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.JsonPayload) hash ^= JsonPayload.GetHashCode();
+      if (payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.JspbPayload) hash ^= JspbPayload.GetHashCode();
+      if (payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.TextPayload) hash ^= TextPayload.GetHashCode();
+      if (RequestedOutputFormat != global::Conformance.WireFormat.Unspecified) hash ^= RequestedOutputFormat.GetHashCode();
+      if (MessageType.Length != 0) hash ^= MessageType.GetHashCode();
+      if (TestCategory != global::Conformance.TestCategory.UnspecifiedTest) hash ^= TestCategory.GetHashCode();
+      if (jspbEncodingOptions_ != null) hash ^= JspbEncodingOptions.GetHashCode();
+      if (PrintUnknownFields != false) hash ^= PrintUnknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) payloadCase_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.ProtobufPayload) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteBytes(ProtobufPayload);
+      }
+      if (payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.JsonPayload) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(JsonPayload);
+      }
+      if (RequestedOutputFormat != global::Conformance.WireFormat.Unspecified) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) RequestedOutputFormat);
+      }
+      if (MessageType.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(34);
+        output.WriteString(MessageType);
+      }
+      if (TestCategory != global::Conformance.TestCategory.UnspecifiedTest) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) TestCategory);
+      }
+      if (jspbEncodingOptions_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(50);
+        output.WriteMessage(JspbEncodingOptions);
+      }
+      if (payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.JspbPayload) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(58);
+        output.WriteString(JspbPayload);
+      }
+      if (payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.TextPayload) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(66);
+        output.WriteString(TextPayload);
+      }
+      if (PrintUnknownFields != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(72);
+        output.WriteBool(PrintUnknownFields);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.ProtobufPayload) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(ProtobufPayload);
+      }
+      if (payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.JsonPayload) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(JsonPayload);
+      }
+      if (payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.JspbPayload) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(JspbPayload);
+      }
+      if (payloadCase_ == PayloadOneofCase.TextPayload) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(TextPayload);
+      }
+      if (RequestedOutputFormat != global::Conformance.WireFormat.Unspecified) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) RequestedOutputFormat);
+      }
+      if (MessageType.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(MessageType);
+      }
+      if (TestCategory != global::Conformance.TestCategory.UnspecifiedTest) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) TestCategory);
+      }
+      if (jspbEncodingOptions_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(JspbEncodingOptions);
+      }
+      if (PrintUnknownFields != false) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ConformanceRequest other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.RequestedOutputFormat != global::Conformance.WireFormat.Unspecified) {
+        RequestedOutputFormat = other.RequestedOutputFormat;
+      }
+      if (other.MessageType.Length != 0) {
+        MessageType = other.MessageType;
+      }
+      if (other.TestCategory != global::Conformance.TestCategory.UnspecifiedTest) {
+        TestCategory = other.TestCategory;
+      }
+      if (other.jspbEncodingOptions_ != null) {
+        if (jspbEncodingOptions_ == null) {
+          JspbEncodingOptions = new global::Conformance.JspbEncodingConfig();
+        }
+        JspbEncodingOptions.MergeFrom(other.JspbEncodingOptions);
+      }
+      if (other.PrintUnknownFields != false) {
+        PrintUnknownFields = other.PrintUnknownFields;
+      }
+      switch (other.PayloadCase) {
+        case PayloadOneofCase.ProtobufPayload:
+          ProtobufPayload = other.ProtobufPayload;
+          break;
+        case PayloadOneofCase.JsonPayload:
+          JsonPayload = other.JsonPayload;
+          break;
+        case PayloadOneofCase.JspbPayload:
+          JspbPayload = other.JspbPayload;
+          break;
+        case PayloadOneofCase.TextPayload:
+          TextPayload = other.TextPayload;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            ProtobufPayload = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            JsonPayload = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            RequestedOutputFormat = (global::Conformance.WireFormat) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            MessageType = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            TestCategory = (global::Conformance.TestCategory) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            if (jspbEncodingOptions_ == null) {
+              JspbEncodingOptions = new global::Conformance.JspbEncodingConfig();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(JspbEncodingOptions);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            JspbPayload = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            TextPayload = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 72: {
+            PrintUnknownFields = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Represents a single test case's output.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class ConformanceResponse : pb::IMessage<ConformanceResponse> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ConformanceResponse> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ConformanceResponse>(() => new ConformanceResponse());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ConformanceResponse> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Conformance.ConformanceReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[2]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ConformanceResponse() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ConformanceResponse(ConformanceResponse other) : this() {
+      switch (other.ResultCase) {
+        case ResultOneofCase.ParseError:
+          ParseError = other.ParseError;
+          break;
+        case ResultOneofCase.SerializeError:
+          SerializeError = other.SerializeError;
+          break;
+        case ResultOneofCase.RuntimeError:
+          RuntimeError = other.RuntimeError;
+          break;
+        case ResultOneofCase.ProtobufPayload:
+          ProtobufPayload = other.ProtobufPayload;
+          break;
+        case ResultOneofCase.JsonPayload:
+          JsonPayload = other.JsonPayload;
+          break;
+        case ResultOneofCase.Skipped:
+          Skipped = other.Skipped;
+          break;
+        case ResultOneofCase.JspbPayload:
+          JspbPayload = other.JspbPayload;
+          break;
+        case ResultOneofCase.TextPayload:
+          TextPayload = other.TextPayload;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ConformanceResponse Clone() {
+      return new ConformanceResponse(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "parse_error" field.</summary>
+    public const int ParseErrorFieldNumber = 1;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// This string should be set to indicate parsing failed.  The string can
+    /// provide more information about the parse error if it is available.
+    ///
+    /// Setting this string does not necessarily mean the testee failed the
+    /// test.  Some of the test cases are intentionally invalid input.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string ParseError {
+      get { return resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.ParseError ? (string) result_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        result_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        resultCase_ = ResultOneofCase.ParseError;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "serialize_error" field.</summary>
+    public const int SerializeErrorFieldNumber = 6;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// If the input was successfully parsed but errors occurred when
+    /// serializing it to the requested output format, set the error message in
+    /// this field.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string SerializeError {
+      get { return resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.SerializeError ? (string) result_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        result_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        resultCase_ = ResultOneofCase.SerializeError;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "runtime_error" field.</summary>
+    public const int RuntimeErrorFieldNumber = 2;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// This should be set if some other error occurred.  This will always
+    /// indicate that the test failed.  The string can provide more information
+    /// about the failure.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string RuntimeError {
+      get { return resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.RuntimeError ? (string) result_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        result_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        resultCase_ = ResultOneofCase.RuntimeError;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "protobuf_payload" field.</summary>
+    public const int ProtobufPayloadFieldNumber = 3;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// If the input was successfully parsed and the requested output was
+    /// protobuf, serialize it to protobuf and set it in this field.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString ProtobufPayload {
+      get { return resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.ProtobufPayload ? (pb::ByteString) result_ : pb::ByteString.Empty; }
+      set {
+        result_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        resultCase_ = ResultOneofCase.ProtobufPayload;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "json_payload" field.</summary>
+    public const int JsonPayloadFieldNumber = 4;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// If the input was successfully parsed and the requested output was JSON,
+    /// serialize to JSON and set it in this field.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string JsonPayload {
+      get { return resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.JsonPayload ? (string) result_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        result_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        resultCase_ = ResultOneofCase.JsonPayload;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "skipped" field.</summary>
+    public const int SkippedFieldNumber = 5;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// For when the testee skipped the test, likely because a certain feature
+    /// wasn't supported, like JSON input/output.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Skipped {
+      get { return resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.Skipped ? (string) result_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        result_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        resultCase_ = ResultOneofCase.Skipped;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "jspb_payload" field.</summary>
+    public const int JspbPayloadFieldNumber = 7;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// If the input was successfully parsed and the requested output was JSPB,
+    /// serialize to JSPB and set it in this field. JSPB is google internal only
+    /// format. Opensource testees can just skip it.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string JspbPayload {
+      get { return resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.JspbPayload ? (string) result_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        result_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        resultCase_ = ResultOneofCase.JspbPayload;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "text_payload" field.</summary>
+    public const int TextPayloadFieldNumber = 8;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// If the input was successfully parsed and the requested output was
+    /// TEXT_FORMAT, serialize to TEXT_FORMAT and set it in this field.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string TextPayload {
+      get { return resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.TextPayload ? (string) result_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        result_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        resultCase_ = ResultOneofCase.TextPayload;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object result_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "result" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum ResultOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      ParseError = 1,
+      SerializeError = 6,
+      RuntimeError = 2,
+      ProtobufPayload = 3,
+      JsonPayload = 4,
+      Skipped = 5,
+      JspbPayload = 7,
+      TextPayload = 8,
+    }
+    private ResultOneofCase resultCase_ = ResultOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ResultOneofCase ResultCase {
+      get { return resultCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearResult() {
+      resultCase_ = ResultOneofCase.None;
+      result_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ConformanceResponse);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ConformanceResponse other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (ParseError != other.ParseError) return false;
+      if (SerializeError != other.SerializeError) return false;
+      if (RuntimeError != other.RuntimeError) return false;
+      if (ProtobufPayload != other.ProtobufPayload) return false;
+      if (JsonPayload != other.JsonPayload) return false;
+      if (Skipped != other.Skipped) return false;
+      if (JspbPayload != other.JspbPayload) return false;
+      if (TextPayload != other.TextPayload) return false;
+      if (ResultCase != other.ResultCase) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.ParseError) hash ^= ParseError.GetHashCode();
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.SerializeError) hash ^= SerializeError.GetHashCode();
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.RuntimeError) hash ^= RuntimeError.GetHashCode();
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.ProtobufPayload) hash ^= ProtobufPayload.GetHashCode();
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.JsonPayload) hash ^= JsonPayload.GetHashCode();
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.Skipped) hash ^= Skipped.GetHashCode();
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.JspbPayload) hash ^= JspbPayload.GetHashCode();
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.TextPayload) hash ^= TextPayload.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) resultCase_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.ParseError) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(ParseError);
+      }
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.RuntimeError) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(RuntimeError);
+      }
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.ProtobufPayload) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteBytes(ProtobufPayload);
+      }
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.JsonPayload) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(34);
+        output.WriteString(JsonPayload);
+      }
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.Skipped) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(42);
+        output.WriteString(Skipped);
+      }
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.SerializeError) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(50);
+        output.WriteString(SerializeError);
+      }
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.JspbPayload) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(58);
+        output.WriteString(JspbPayload);
+      }
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.TextPayload) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(66);
+        output.WriteString(TextPayload);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.ParseError) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(ParseError);
+      }
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.SerializeError) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(SerializeError);
+      }
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.RuntimeError) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(RuntimeError);
+      }
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.ProtobufPayload) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(ProtobufPayload);
+      }
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.JsonPayload) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(JsonPayload);
+      }
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.Skipped) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Skipped);
+      }
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.JspbPayload) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(JspbPayload);
+      }
+      if (resultCase_ == ResultOneofCase.TextPayload) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(TextPayload);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ConformanceResponse other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      switch (other.ResultCase) {
+        case ResultOneofCase.ParseError:
+          ParseError = other.ParseError;
+          break;
+        case ResultOneofCase.SerializeError:
+          SerializeError = other.SerializeError;
+          break;
+        case ResultOneofCase.RuntimeError:
+          RuntimeError = other.RuntimeError;
+          break;
+        case ResultOneofCase.ProtobufPayload:
+          ProtobufPayload = other.ProtobufPayload;
+          break;
+        case ResultOneofCase.JsonPayload:
+          JsonPayload = other.JsonPayload;
+          break;
+        case ResultOneofCase.Skipped:
+          Skipped = other.Skipped;
+          break;
+        case ResultOneofCase.JspbPayload:
+          JspbPayload = other.JspbPayload;
+          break;
+        case ResultOneofCase.TextPayload:
+          TextPayload = other.TextPayload;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            ParseError = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            RuntimeError = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            ProtobufPayload = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            JsonPayload = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            Skipped = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            SerializeError = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            JspbPayload = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            TextPayload = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Encoding options for jspb format.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class JspbEncodingConfig : pb::IMessage<JspbEncodingConfig> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<JspbEncodingConfig> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<JspbEncodingConfig>(() => new JspbEncodingConfig());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<JspbEncodingConfig> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Conformance.ConformanceReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[3]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public JspbEncodingConfig() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public JspbEncodingConfig(JspbEncodingConfig other) : this() {
+      useJspbArrayAnyFormat_ = other.useJspbArrayAnyFormat_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public JspbEncodingConfig Clone() {
+      return new JspbEncodingConfig(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "use_jspb_array_any_format" field.</summary>
+    public const int UseJspbArrayAnyFormatFieldNumber = 1;
+    private bool useJspbArrayAnyFormat_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Encode the value field of Any as jspb array if ture, otherwise binary.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool UseJspbArrayAnyFormat {
+      get { return useJspbArrayAnyFormat_; }
+      set {
+        useJspbArrayAnyFormat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as JspbEncodingConfig);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(JspbEncodingConfig other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (UseJspbArrayAnyFormat != other.UseJspbArrayAnyFormat) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (UseJspbArrayAnyFormat != false) hash ^= UseJspbArrayAnyFormat.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (UseJspbArrayAnyFormat != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteBool(UseJspbArrayAnyFormat);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (UseJspbArrayAnyFormat != false) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(JspbEncodingConfig other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.UseJspbArrayAnyFormat != false) {
+        UseJspbArrayAnyFormat = other.UseJspbArrayAnyFormat;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            UseJspbArrayAnyFormat = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance/Google.Protobuf.Conformance.csproj b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance/Google.Protobuf.Conformance.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec8fb9138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance/Google.Protobuf.Conformance.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.1</TargetFramework>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <IsPackable>False</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Google.Protobuf\Google.Protobuf.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Google.Protobuf.Test\Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance/Program.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance/Program.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..728a3b968
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Conformance;
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Conformance
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Conformance tests. The test runner will provide JSON or proto data on stdin,
+    /// and this program will produce its output on stdout.
+    /// </summary>
+    class Program
+    {
+        private static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            // This way we get the binary streams instead of readers/writers.
+            var input = new BinaryReader(Console.OpenStandardInput());
+            var output = new BinaryWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput());
+            var typeRegistry = TypeRegistry.FromMessages(
+                ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Descriptor,
+                ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Descriptor);
+
+            int count = 0;
+            while (RunTest(input, output, typeRegistry))
+            {
+                count++;
+            }
+            Console.Error.WriteLine("Received EOF after {0} tests", count);
+        }
+
+        private static bool RunTest(BinaryReader input, BinaryWriter output, TypeRegistry typeRegistry)
+        {
+            int? size = ReadInt32(input);
+            if (size == null)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            byte[] inputData = input.ReadBytes(size.Value);
+            if (inputData.Length != size.Value)
+            {
+                throw new EndOfStreamException("Read " + inputData.Length + " bytes of data when expecting " + size);
+            }
+            ConformanceRequest request = ConformanceRequest.Parser.ParseFrom(inputData);
+            ConformanceResponse response = PerformRequest(request, typeRegistry);
+            byte[] outputData = response.ToByteArray();
+            output.Write(outputData.Length);
+            output.Write(outputData);
+            // Ready for another test...
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static ConformanceResponse PerformRequest(ConformanceRequest request, TypeRegistry typeRegistry)
+        {
+            IMessage message;
+            try
+            {
+                switch (request.PayloadCase)
+                {
+                    case ConformanceRequest.PayloadOneofCase.JsonPayload:
+                        if (request.TestCategory == global::Conformance.TestCategory.JsonIgnoreUnknownParsingTest) {
+                            return new ConformanceResponse { Skipped = "CSharp doesn't support skipping unknown fields in json parsing." };
+                        }
+                        var parser = new JsonParser(new JsonParser.Settings(20, typeRegistry));
+                        message = parser.Parse<ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3>(request.JsonPayload);
+                        break;
+                    case ConformanceRequest.PayloadOneofCase.ProtobufPayload:
+                    {
+                        if (request.MessageType.Equals("protobuf_test_messages.proto3.TestAllTypesProto3"))
+                        {
+                            message = ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Parser.ParseFrom(request.ProtobufPayload);
+                        }
+                        else if (request.MessageType.Equals("protobuf_test_messages.proto2.TestAllTypesProto2"))
+                        {
+                            ExtensionRegistry registry = new ExtensionRegistry()
+                            {
+                                ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestMessagesProto2Extensions.ExtensionInt32,
+                                ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrectExtension1.Extensions.MessageSetExtension,
+                                ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrectExtension2.Extensions.MessageSetExtension
+                            };
+                            message = ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Parser.WithExtensionRegistry(registry).ParseFrom(request.ProtobufPayload);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            throw new Exception(" Protobuf request doesn't have specific payload type");
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+					case ConformanceRequest.PayloadOneofCase.TextPayload:
+					{
+						return new ConformanceResponse { Skipped = "CSharp doesn't support text format" };
+					}
+                    default:
+                        throw new Exception("Unsupported request payload: " + request.PayloadCase);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e)
+            {
+                return new ConformanceResponse { ParseError = e.Message };
+            }
+            catch (InvalidJsonException e)
+            {
+                return new ConformanceResponse { ParseError = e.Message };
+            }
+            try
+            {
+                switch (request.RequestedOutputFormat)
+                {
+                    case global::Conformance.WireFormat.Json:
+                        var formatter = new JsonFormatter(new JsonFormatter.Settings(false, typeRegistry));
+                        return new ConformanceResponse { JsonPayload = formatter.Format(message) };
+                    case global::Conformance.WireFormat.Protobuf:
+                        return new ConformanceResponse { ProtobufPayload = message.ToByteString() };
+                    default:
+                        throw new Exception("Unsupported request output format: " + request.PayloadCase);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (InvalidOperationException e)
+            {
+                return new ConformanceResponse { SerializeError = e.Message };
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static int? ReadInt32(BinaryReader input)
+        {
+            byte[] bytes = input.ReadBytes(4);
+            if (bytes.Length == 0)
+            {
+                // Cleanly reached the end of the stream
+                return null;
+            }
+            if (bytes.Length != 4)
+            {
+                throw new EndOfStreamException("Read " + bytes.Length + " bytes of size when expecting 4");
+            }
+            return bytes[0] | (bytes[1] << 8) | (bytes[2] << 16) | (bytes[3] << 24);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.JsonDump/Google.Protobuf.JsonDump.csproj b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.JsonDump/Google.Protobuf.JsonDump.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fee35be99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.JsonDump/Google.Protobuf.JsonDump.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.1</TargetFramework>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <IsPackable>False</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Google.Protobuf\Google.Protobuf.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.JsonDump/Program.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.JsonDump/Program.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..296b2f3f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.JsonDump/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.ProtoDump
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Small utility to load a binary message and dump it in JSON format.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class Program
+    {
+        private static int Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            if (args.Length != 2)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine("Usage: Google.Protobuf.JsonDump <descriptor type name> <input data>");
+                Console.Error.WriteLine("The descriptor type name is the fully-qualified message name,");
+                Console.Error.WriteLine("including assembly e.g. ProjectNamespace.Message,Company.Project");
+                return 1;
+            }
+            Type type = Type.GetType(args[0]);
+            if (type == null)
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine("Unable to load type {0}.", args[0]);
+                return 1;
+            }
+            if (!typeof(IMessage).GetTypeInfo().IsAssignableFrom(type))
+            {
+                Console.Error.WriteLine("Type {0} doesn't implement IMessage.", args[0]);
+                return 1;
+            }
+            IMessage message = (IMessage) Activator.CreateInstance(type);
+            using (var input = File.OpenRead(args[1]))
+            {
+                message.MergeFrom(input);
+            }
+            Console.WriteLine(message);
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/ForeignMessagePartial.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/ForeignMessagePartial.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..909bcea96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/ForeignMessagePartial.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.TestProtos
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A message with custom diagnostics (to test that they work).
+    /// </summary>
+    public partial class ForeignMessage : ICustomDiagnosticMessage
+    {
+        public string ToDiagnosticString()
+        {
+            return string.Format("{{ \"c\": {0}, \"@cInHex\": \"{0:x}\" }}", C);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos.csproj b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b705804a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <!--
+    This TestProtos project is kept separate from the original test project for many reasons.
+    It allows us to make sure code can compile on a separate compiler version, different frameworks,
+    and without the internal visibility from the test project (all of which have caused issues in the past).
+  -->
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFrameworks>net45;netstandard1.0;netstandard2.0</TargetFrameworks>
+    <LangVersion>3.0</LangVersion>
+    <AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>../../keys/Google.Protobuf.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
+    <SignAssembly>true</SignAssembly>
+    <PublicSign Condition=" '$(OS)' != 'Windows_NT' ">true</PublicSign>
+    <IsPackable>False</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <!-- Needed for the net45 build to work on Unix. See https://github.com/dotnet/designs/pull/33 -->
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NETFramework.ReferenceAssemblies" Version="1.0.0-preview.2" PrivateAssets="All" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Google.Protobuf\Google.Protobuf.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/MapUnittestProto3.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/MapUnittestProto3.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..197b197d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/MapUnittestProto3.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,1685 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: map_unittest_proto3.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.TestProtos {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from map_unittest_proto3.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class MapUnittestProto3Reflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for map_unittest_proto3.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static MapUnittestProto3Reflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "ChltYXBfdW5pdHRlc3RfcHJvdG8zLnByb3RvEhJwcm90b2J1Zl91bml0dGVz",
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+            "dHJ5EksKEW1hcF91aW50MzJfdWludDMyGAMgAygLMjAucHJvdG9idWZfdW5p",
+            "dHRlc3QzLlRlc3RNYXAuTWFwVWludDMyVWludDMyRW50cnkSSwoRbWFwX3Vp",
+            "bnQ2NF91aW50NjQYBCADKAsyMC5wcm90b2J1Zl91bml0dGVzdDMuVGVzdE1h",
+            "cC5NYXBVaW50NjRVaW50NjRFbnRyeRJLChFtYXBfc2ludDMyX3NpbnQzMhgF",
+            "IAMoCzIwLnByb3RvYnVmX3VuaXR0ZXN0My5UZXN0TWFwLk1hcFNpbnQzMlNp",
+            "bnQzMkVudHJ5EksKEW1hcF9zaW50NjRfc2ludDY0GAYgAygLMjAucHJvdG9i",
+            "dWZfdW5pdHRlc3QzLlRlc3RNYXAuTWFwU2ludDY0U2ludDY0RW50cnkSTwoT",
+            "bWFwX2ZpeGVkMzJfZml4ZWQzMhgHIAMoCzIyLnByb3RvYnVmX3VuaXR0ZXN0",
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+            "eGVkMzJTZml4ZWQzMkVudHJ5ElMKFW1hcF9zZml4ZWQ2NF9zZml4ZWQ2NBgK",
+            "IAMoCzI0LnByb3RvYnVmX3VuaXR0ZXN0My5UZXN0TWFwLk1hcFNmaXhlZDY0",
+            "U2ZpeGVkNjRFbnRyeRJHCg9tYXBfaW50MzJfZmxvYXQYCyADKAsyLi5wcm90",
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+            "WhACQh2qAhpHb29nbGUuUHJvdG9idWYuVGVzdFByb3Rvc2IGcHJvdG8z"));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(new[] {typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum), }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMap), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMap.Parser, new[]{ "MapInt32Int32", "MapInt64Int64", "MapUint32Uint32", "MapUint64Uint64", "MapSint32Sint32", "MapSint64Sint64", "MapFixed32Fixed32", "MapFixed64Fixed64", "MapSfixed32Sfixed32", "MapSfixed64Sfixed64", "MapInt32Float", "MapInt32Double", "MapBoolBool", "MapStringString", "MapInt32Bytes", "MapInt32Enum", "MapInt32ForeignMessage" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, }),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMapSubmessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMapSubmessage.Parser, new[]{ "TestMap" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMessageMap), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMessageMap.Parser, new[]{ "MapInt32Message" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { null, }),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestSameTypeMap), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestSameTypeMap.Parser, new[]{ "Map1", "Map2" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { null, null, }),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestArenaMap), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestArenaMap.Parser, new[]{ "MapInt32Int32", "MapInt64Int64", "MapUint32Uint32", "MapUint64Uint64", "MapSint32Sint32", "MapSint64Sint64", "MapFixed32Fixed32", "MapFixed64Fixed64", "MapSfixed32Sfixed32", "MapSfixed64Sfixed64", "MapInt32Float", "MapInt32Double", "MapBoolBool", "MapInt32Enum", "MapInt32ForeignMessage" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, }),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MessageContainingEnumCalledType), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MessageContainingEnumCalledType.Parser, new[]{ "Type" }, null, new[]{ typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MessageContainingEnumCalledType.Types.Type) }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { null, }),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MessageContainingMapCalledEntry), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MessageContainingMapCalledEntry.Parser, new[]{ "Entry" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { null, })
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Enums
+  public enum MapEnum {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("MAP_ENUM_FOO")] Foo = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("MAP_ENUM_BAR")] Bar = 1,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("MAP_ENUM_BAZ")] Baz = 2,
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Tests maps.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestMap : pb::IMessage<TestMap> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestMap> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestMap>(() => new TestMap());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestMap> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapUnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMap() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMap(TestMap other) : this() {
+      mapInt32Int32_ = other.mapInt32Int32_.Clone();
+      mapInt64Int64_ = other.mapInt64Int64_.Clone();
+      mapUint32Uint32_ = other.mapUint32Uint32_.Clone();
+      mapUint64Uint64_ = other.mapUint64Uint64_.Clone();
+      mapSint32Sint32_ = other.mapSint32Sint32_.Clone();
+      mapSint64Sint64_ = other.mapSint64Sint64_.Clone();
+      mapFixed32Fixed32_ = other.mapFixed32Fixed32_.Clone();
+      mapFixed64Fixed64_ = other.mapFixed64Fixed64_.Clone();
+      mapSfixed32Sfixed32_ = other.mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.Clone();
+      mapSfixed64Sfixed64_ = other.mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.Clone();
+      mapInt32Float_ = other.mapInt32Float_.Clone();
+      mapInt32Double_ = other.mapInt32Double_.Clone();
+      mapBoolBool_ = other.mapBoolBool_.Clone();
+      mapStringString_ = other.mapStringString_.Clone();
+      mapInt32Bytes_ = other.mapInt32Bytes_.Clone();
+      mapInt32Enum_ = other.mapInt32Enum_.Clone();
+      mapInt32ForeignMessage_ = other.mapInt32ForeignMessage_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMap Clone() {
+      return new TestMap(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32Int32FieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_mapInt32Int32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(16, 0), 10);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> mapInt32Int32_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> MapInt32Int32 {
+      get { return mapInt32Int32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int64_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt64Int64FieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec _map_mapInt64Int64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(8, 0L), pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(16, 0L), 18);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<long, long> mapInt64Int64_ = new pbc::MapField<long, long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<long, long> MapInt64Int64 {
+      get { return mapInt64Int64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_uint32_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapUint32Uint32FieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec _map_mapUint32Uint32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(16, 0), 26);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint> mapUint32Uint32_ = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<uint, uint> MapUint32Uint32 {
+      get { return mapUint32Uint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_uint64_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapUint64Uint64FieldNumber = 4;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec _map_mapUint64Uint64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(8, 0UL), pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(16, 0UL), 34);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> mapUint64Uint64_ = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> MapUint64Uint64 {
+      get { return mapUint64Uint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sint32_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSint32Sint32FieldNumber = 5;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_mapSint32Sint32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(16, 0), 42);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> mapSint32Sint32_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> MapSint32Sint32 {
+      get { return mapSint32Sint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sint64_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSint64Sint64FieldNumber = 6;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec _map_mapSint64Sint64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(8, 0L), pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(16, 0L), 50);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<long, long> mapSint64Sint64_ = new pbc::MapField<long, long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<long, long> MapSint64Sint64 {
+      get { return mapSint64Sint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_fixed32_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapFixed32Fixed32FieldNumber = 7;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec _map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(13, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(21, 0), 58);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint> mapFixed32Fixed32_ = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<uint, uint> MapFixed32Fixed32 {
+      get { return mapFixed32Fixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_fixed64_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapFixed64Fixed64FieldNumber = 8;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec _map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(9, 0UL), pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(17, 0UL), 66);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> mapFixed64Fixed64_ = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> MapFixed64Fixed64 {
+      get { return mapFixed64Fixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sfixed32_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSfixed32Sfixed32FieldNumber = 9;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(13, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(21, 0), 74);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> mapSfixed32Sfixed32_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> MapSfixed32Sfixed32 {
+      get { return mapSfixed32Sfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sfixed64_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSfixed64Sfixed64FieldNumber = 10;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec _map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(9, 0L), pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(17, 0L), 82);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<long, long> mapSfixed64Sfixed64_ = new pbc::MapField<long, long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<long, long> MapSfixed64Sfixed64 {
+      get { return mapSfixed64Sfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32FloatFieldNumber = 11;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, float>.Codec _map_mapInt32Float_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, float>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(21, 0F), 90);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, float> mapInt32Float_ = new pbc::MapField<int, float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, float> MapInt32Float {
+      get { return mapInt32Float_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32DoubleFieldNumber = 12;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, double>.Codec _map_mapInt32Double_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, double>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(17, 0D), 98);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, double> mapInt32Double_ = new pbc::MapField<int, double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, double> MapInt32Double {
+      get { return mapInt32Double_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_bool_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapBoolBoolFieldNumber = 13;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<bool, bool>.Codec _map_mapBoolBool_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<bool, bool>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(8, false), pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(16, false), 106);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<bool, bool> mapBoolBool_ = new pbc::MapField<bool, bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<bool, bool> MapBoolBool {
+      get { return mapBoolBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_string_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapStringStringFieldNumber = 14;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, string>.Codec _map_mapStringString_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, string>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForString(18, ""), 114);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, string> mapStringString_ = new pbc::MapField<string, string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, string> MapStringString {
+      get { return mapStringString_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32BytesFieldNumber = 15;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, pb::ByteString>.Codec _map_mapInt32Bytes_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, pb::ByteString>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForBytes(18, pb::ByteString.Empty), 122);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, pb::ByteString> mapInt32Bytes_ = new pbc::MapField<int, pb::ByteString>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, pb::ByteString> MapInt32Bytes {
+      get { return mapInt32Bytes_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32EnumFieldNumber = 16;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum>.Codec _map_mapInt32Enum_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(16, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum) x, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum.Foo), 130);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum> mapInt32Enum_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum> MapInt32Enum {
+      get { return mapInt32Enum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_foreign_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32ForeignMessageFieldNumber = 17;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage>.Codec _map_mapInt32ForeignMessage_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage.Parser), 138);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage> mapInt32ForeignMessage_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage> MapInt32ForeignMessage {
+      get { return mapInt32ForeignMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestMap);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestMap other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!MapInt32Int32.Equals(other.MapInt32Int32)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt64Int64.Equals(other.MapInt64Int64)) return false;
+      if (!MapUint32Uint32.Equals(other.MapUint32Uint32)) return false;
+      if (!MapUint64Uint64.Equals(other.MapUint64Uint64)) return false;
+      if (!MapSint32Sint32.Equals(other.MapSint32Sint32)) return false;
+      if (!MapSint64Sint64.Equals(other.MapSint64Sint64)) return false;
+      if (!MapFixed32Fixed32.Equals(other.MapFixed32Fixed32)) return false;
+      if (!MapFixed64Fixed64.Equals(other.MapFixed64Fixed64)) return false;
+      if (!MapSfixed32Sfixed32.Equals(other.MapSfixed32Sfixed32)) return false;
+      if (!MapSfixed64Sfixed64.Equals(other.MapSfixed64Sfixed64)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32Float.Equals(other.MapInt32Float)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32Double.Equals(other.MapInt32Double)) return false;
+      if (!MapBoolBool.Equals(other.MapBoolBool)) return false;
+      if (!MapStringString.Equals(other.MapStringString)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32Bytes.Equals(other.MapInt32Bytes)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32Enum.Equals(other.MapInt32Enum)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32ForeignMessage.Equals(other.MapInt32ForeignMessage)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= MapInt32Int32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt64Int64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapUint32Uint32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapUint64Uint64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSint32Sint32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSint64Sint64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapFixed32Fixed32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapFixed64Fixed64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSfixed32Sfixed32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSfixed64Sfixed64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32Float.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32Double.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapBoolBool.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapStringString.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32Bytes.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32Enum.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32ForeignMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      mapInt32Int32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Int32_codec);
+      mapInt64Int64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt64Int64_codec);
+      mapUint32Uint32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapUint32Uint32_codec);
+      mapUint64Uint64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapUint64Uint64_codec);
+      mapSint32Sint32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSint32Sint32_codec);
+      mapSint64Sint64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSint64Sint64_codec);
+      mapFixed32Fixed32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec);
+      mapFixed64Fixed64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec);
+      mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec);
+      mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec);
+      mapInt32Float_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Float_codec);
+      mapInt32Double_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Double_codec);
+      mapBoolBool_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapBoolBool_codec);
+      mapStringString_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapStringString_codec);
+      mapInt32Bytes_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Bytes_codec);
+      mapInt32Enum_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Enum_codec);
+      mapInt32ForeignMessage_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32ForeignMessage_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += mapInt32Int32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Int32_codec);
+      size += mapInt64Int64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt64Int64_codec);
+      size += mapUint32Uint32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapUint32Uint32_codec);
+      size += mapUint64Uint64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapUint64Uint64_codec);
+      size += mapSint32Sint32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSint32Sint32_codec);
+      size += mapSint64Sint64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSint64Sint64_codec);
+      size += mapFixed32Fixed32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec);
+      size += mapFixed64Fixed64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec);
+      size += mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec);
+      size += mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec);
+      size += mapInt32Float_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Float_codec);
+      size += mapInt32Double_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Double_codec);
+      size += mapBoolBool_.CalculateSize(_map_mapBoolBool_codec);
+      size += mapStringString_.CalculateSize(_map_mapStringString_codec);
+      size += mapInt32Bytes_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Bytes_codec);
+      size += mapInt32Enum_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Enum_codec);
+      size += mapInt32ForeignMessage_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32ForeignMessage_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestMap other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      mapInt32Int32_.Add(other.mapInt32Int32_);
+      mapInt64Int64_.Add(other.mapInt64Int64_);
+      mapUint32Uint32_.Add(other.mapUint32Uint32_);
+      mapUint64Uint64_.Add(other.mapUint64Uint64_);
+      mapSint32Sint32_.Add(other.mapSint32Sint32_);
+      mapSint64Sint64_.Add(other.mapSint64Sint64_);
+      mapFixed32Fixed32_.Add(other.mapFixed32Fixed32_);
+      mapFixed64Fixed64_.Add(other.mapFixed64Fixed64_);
+      mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.Add(other.mapSfixed32Sfixed32_);
+      mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.Add(other.mapSfixed64Sfixed64_);
+      mapInt32Float_.Add(other.mapInt32Float_);
+      mapInt32Double_.Add(other.mapInt32Double_);
+      mapBoolBool_.Add(other.mapBoolBool_);
+      mapStringString_.Add(other.mapStringString_);
+      mapInt32Bytes_.Add(other.mapInt32Bytes_);
+      mapInt32Enum_.Add(other.mapInt32Enum_);
+      mapInt32ForeignMessage_.Add(other.mapInt32ForeignMessage_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            mapInt32Int32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Int32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            mapInt64Int64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt64Int64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            mapUint32Uint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapUint32Uint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            mapUint64Uint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapUint64Uint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            mapSint32Sint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSint32Sint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            mapSint64Sint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSint64Sint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            mapFixed32Fixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            mapFixed64Fixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 74: {
+            mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 82: {
+            mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 90: {
+            mapInt32Float_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Float_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 98: {
+            mapInt32Double_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Double_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 106: {
+            mapBoolBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapBoolBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 114: {
+            mapStringString_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapStringString_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 122: {
+            mapInt32Bytes_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Bytes_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 130: {
+            mapInt32Enum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Enum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 138: {
+            mapInt32ForeignMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32ForeignMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestMapSubmessage : pb::IMessage<TestMapSubmessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestMapSubmessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestMapSubmessage>(() => new TestMapSubmessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestMapSubmessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapUnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMapSubmessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMapSubmessage(TestMapSubmessage other) : this() {
+      testMap_ = other.testMap_ != null ? other.testMap_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMapSubmessage Clone() {
+      return new TestMapSubmessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "test_map" field.</summary>
+    public const int TestMapFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMap testMap_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMap TestMap {
+      get { return testMap_; }
+      set {
+        testMap_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestMapSubmessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestMapSubmessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(TestMap, other.TestMap)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (testMap_ != null) hash ^= TestMap.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (testMap_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(TestMap);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (testMap_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(TestMap);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestMapSubmessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.testMap_ != null) {
+        if (testMap_ == null) {
+          TestMap = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMap();
+        }
+        TestMap.MergeFrom(other.TestMap);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (testMap_ == null) {
+              TestMap = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMap();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(TestMap);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestMessageMap : pb::IMessage<TestMessageMap> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestMessageMap> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestMessageMap>(() => new TestMessageMap());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestMessageMap> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapUnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[2]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMessageMap() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMessageMap(TestMessageMap other) : this() {
+      mapInt32Message_ = other.mapInt32Message_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMessageMap Clone() {
+      return new TestMessageMap(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32MessageFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes>.Codec _map_mapInt32Message_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Parser), 10);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes> mapInt32Message_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes> MapInt32Message {
+      get { return mapInt32Message_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestMessageMap);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestMessageMap other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!MapInt32Message.Equals(other.MapInt32Message)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= MapInt32Message.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      mapInt32Message_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Message_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += mapInt32Message_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Message_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestMessageMap other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      mapInt32Message_.Add(other.mapInt32Message_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            mapInt32Message_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Message_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Two map fields share the same entry default instance.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestSameTypeMap : pb::IMessage<TestSameTypeMap> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestSameTypeMap> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestSameTypeMap>(() => new TestSameTypeMap());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestSameTypeMap> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapUnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[3]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestSameTypeMap() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestSameTypeMap(TestSameTypeMap other) : this() {
+      map1_ = other.map1_.Clone();
+      map2_ = other.map2_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestSameTypeMap Clone() {
+      return new TestSameTypeMap(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map1" field.</summary>
+    public const int Map1FieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_map1_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(16, 0), 10);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> map1_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> Map1 {
+      get { return map1_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map2" field.</summary>
+    public const int Map2FieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_map2_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(16, 0), 18);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> map2_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> Map2 {
+      get { return map2_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestSameTypeMap);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestSameTypeMap other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!Map1.Equals(other.Map1)) return false;
+      if (!Map2.Equals(other.Map2)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= Map1.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= Map2.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      map1_.WriteTo(output, _map_map1_codec);
+      map2_.WriteTo(output, _map_map2_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += map1_.CalculateSize(_map_map1_codec);
+      size += map2_.CalculateSize(_map_map2_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestSameTypeMap other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      map1_.Add(other.map1_);
+      map2_.Add(other.map2_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            map1_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_map1_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            map2_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_map2_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestArenaMap : pb::IMessage<TestArenaMap> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestArenaMap> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestArenaMap>(() => new TestArenaMap());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestArenaMap> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapUnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[4]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestArenaMap() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestArenaMap(TestArenaMap other) : this() {
+      mapInt32Int32_ = other.mapInt32Int32_.Clone();
+      mapInt64Int64_ = other.mapInt64Int64_.Clone();
+      mapUint32Uint32_ = other.mapUint32Uint32_.Clone();
+      mapUint64Uint64_ = other.mapUint64Uint64_.Clone();
+      mapSint32Sint32_ = other.mapSint32Sint32_.Clone();
+      mapSint64Sint64_ = other.mapSint64Sint64_.Clone();
+      mapFixed32Fixed32_ = other.mapFixed32Fixed32_.Clone();
+      mapFixed64Fixed64_ = other.mapFixed64Fixed64_.Clone();
+      mapSfixed32Sfixed32_ = other.mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.Clone();
+      mapSfixed64Sfixed64_ = other.mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.Clone();
+      mapInt32Float_ = other.mapInt32Float_.Clone();
+      mapInt32Double_ = other.mapInt32Double_.Clone();
+      mapBoolBool_ = other.mapBoolBool_.Clone();
+      mapInt32Enum_ = other.mapInt32Enum_.Clone();
+      mapInt32ForeignMessage_ = other.mapInt32ForeignMessage_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestArenaMap Clone() {
+      return new TestArenaMap(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32Int32FieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_mapInt32Int32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(16, 0), 10);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> mapInt32Int32_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> MapInt32Int32 {
+      get { return mapInt32Int32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int64_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt64Int64FieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec _map_mapInt64Int64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(8, 0L), pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(16, 0L), 18);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<long, long> mapInt64Int64_ = new pbc::MapField<long, long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<long, long> MapInt64Int64 {
+      get { return mapInt64Int64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_uint32_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapUint32Uint32FieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec _map_mapUint32Uint32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(16, 0), 26);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint> mapUint32Uint32_ = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<uint, uint> MapUint32Uint32 {
+      get { return mapUint32Uint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_uint64_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapUint64Uint64FieldNumber = 4;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec _map_mapUint64Uint64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(8, 0UL), pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(16, 0UL), 34);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> mapUint64Uint64_ = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> MapUint64Uint64 {
+      get { return mapUint64Uint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sint32_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSint32Sint32FieldNumber = 5;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_mapSint32Sint32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(16, 0), 42);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> mapSint32Sint32_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> MapSint32Sint32 {
+      get { return mapSint32Sint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sint64_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSint64Sint64FieldNumber = 6;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec _map_mapSint64Sint64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(8, 0L), pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(16, 0L), 50);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<long, long> mapSint64Sint64_ = new pbc::MapField<long, long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<long, long> MapSint64Sint64 {
+      get { return mapSint64Sint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_fixed32_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapFixed32Fixed32FieldNumber = 7;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec _map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(13, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(21, 0), 58);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint> mapFixed32Fixed32_ = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<uint, uint> MapFixed32Fixed32 {
+      get { return mapFixed32Fixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_fixed64_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapFixed64Fixed64FieldNumber = 8;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec _map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(9, 0UL), pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(17, 0UL), 66);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> mapFixed64Fixed64_ = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> MapFixed64Fixed64 {
+      get { return mapFixed64Fixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sfixed32_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSfixed32Sfixed32FieldNumber = 9;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(13, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(21, 0), 74);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> mapSfixed32Sfixed32_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> MapSfixed32Sfixed32 {
+      get { return mapSfixed32Sfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sfixed64_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSfixed64Sfixed64FieldNumber = 10;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec _map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(9, 0L), pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(17, 0L), 82);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<long, long> mapSfixed64Sfixed64_ = new pbc::MapField<long, long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<long, long> MapSfixed64Sfixed64 {
+      get { return mapSfixed64Sfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32FloatFieldNumber = 11;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, float>.Codec _map_mapInt32Float_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, float>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(21, 0F), 90);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, float> mapInt32Float_ = new pbc::MapField<int, float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, float> MapInt32Float {
+      get { return mapInt32Float_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32DoubleFieldNumber = 12;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, double>.Codec _map_mapInt32Double_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, double>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(17, 0D), 98);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, double> mapInt32Double_ = new pbc::MapField<int, double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, double> MapInt32Double {
+      get { return mapInt32Double_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_bool_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapBoolBoolFieldNumber = 13;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<bool, bool>.Codec _map_mapBoolBool_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<bool, bool>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(8, false), pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(16, false), 106);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<bool, bool> mapBoolBool_ = new pbc::MapField<bool, bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<bool, bool> MapBoolBool {
+      get { return mapBoolBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32EnumFieldNumber = 14;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum>.Codec _map_mapInt32Enum_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(16, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum) x, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum.Foo), 114);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum> mapInt32Enum_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapEnum> MapInt32Enum {
+      get { return mapInt32Enum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_foreign_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32ForeignMessageFieldNumber = 15;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage>.Codec _map_mapInt32ForeignMessage_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage.Parser), 122);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage> mapInt32ForeignMessage_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage> MapInt32ForeignMessage {
+      get { return mapInt32ForeignMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestArenaMap);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestArenaMap other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!MapInt32Int32.Equals(other.MapInt32Int32)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt64Int64.Equals(other.MapInt64Int64)) return false;
+      if (!MapUint32Uint32.Equals(other.MapUint32Uint32)) return false;
+      if (!MapUint64Uint64.Equals(other.MapUint64Uint64)) return false;
+      if (!MapSint32Sint32.Equals(other.MapSint32Sint32)) return false;
+      if (!MapSint64Sint64.Equals(other.MapSint64Sint64)) return false;
+      if (!MapFixed32Fixed32.Equals(other.MapFixed32Fixed32)) return false;
+      if (!MapFixed64Fixed64.Equals(other.MapFixed64Fixed64)) return false;
+      if (!MapSfixed32Sfixed32.Equals(other.MapSfixed32Sfixed32)) return false;
+      if (!MapSfixed64Sfixed64.Equals(other.MapSfixed64Sfixed64)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32Float.Equals(other.MapInt32Float)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32Double.Equals(other.MapInt32Double)) return false;
+      if (!MapBoolBool.Equals(other.MapBoolBool)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32Enum.Equals(other.MapInt32Enum)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32ForeignMessage.Equals(other.MapInt32ForeignMessage)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= MapInt32Int32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt64Int64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapUint32Uint32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapUint64Uint64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSint32Sint32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSint64Sint64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapFixed32Fixed32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapFixed64Fixed64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSfixed32Sfixed32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSfixed64Sfixed64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32Float.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32Double.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapBoolBool.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32Enum.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32ForeignMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      mapInt32Int32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Int32_codec);
+      mapInt64Int64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt64Int64_codec);
+      mapUint32Uint32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapUint32Uint32_codec);
+      mapUint64Uint64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapUint64Uint64_codec);
+      mapSint32Sint32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSint32Sint32_codec);
+      mapSint64Sint64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSint64Sint64_codec);
+      mapFixed32Fixed32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec);
+      mapFixed64Fixed64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec);
+      mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec);
+      mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec);
+      mapInt32Float_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Float_codec);
+      mapInt32Double_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Double_codec);
+      mapBoolBool_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapBoolBool_codec);
+      mapInt32Enum_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Enum_codec);
+      mapInt32ForeignMessage_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32ForeignMessage_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += mapInt32Int32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Int32_codec);
+      size += mapInt64Int64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt64Int64_codec);
+      size += mapUint32Uint32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapUint32Uint32_codec);
+      size += mapUint64Uint64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapUint64Uint64_codec);
+      size += mapSint32Sint32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSint32Sint32_codec);
+      size += mapSint64Sint64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSint64Sint64_codec);
+      size += mapFixed32Fixed32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec);
+      size += mapFixed64Fixed64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec);
+      size += mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec);
+      size += mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec);
+      size += mapInt32Float_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Float_codec);
+      size += mapInt32Double_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Double_codec);
+      size += mapBoolBool_.CalculateSize(_map_mapBoolBool_codec);
+      size += mapInt32Enum_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Enum_codec);
+      size += mapInt32ForeignMessage_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32ForeignMessage_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestArenaMap other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      mapInt32Int32_.Add(other.mapInt32Int32_);
+      mapInt64Int64_.Add(other.mapInt64Int64_);
+      mapUint32Uint32_.Add(other.mapUint32Uint32_);
+      mapUint64Uint64_.Add(other.mapUint64Uint64_);
+      mapSint32Sint32_.Add(other.mapSint32Sint32_);
+      mapSint64Sint64_.Add(other.mapSint64Sint64_);
+      mapFixed32Fixed32_.Add(other.mapFixed32Fixed32_);
+      mapFixed64Fixed64_.Add(other.mapFixed64Fixed64_);
+      mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.Add(other.mapSfixed32Sfixed32_);
+      mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.Add(other.mapSfixed64Sfixed64_);
+      mapInt32Float_.Add(other.mapInt32Float_);
+      mapInt32Double_.Add(other.mapInt32Double_);
+      mapBoolBool_.Add(other.mapBoolBool_);
+      mapInt32Enum_.Add(other.mapInt32Enum_);
+      mapInt32ForeignMessage_.Add(other.mapInt32ForeignMessage_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            mapInt32Int32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Int32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            mapInt64Int64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt64Int64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            mapUint32Uint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapUint32Uint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            mapUint64Uint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapUint64Uint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            mapSint32Sint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSint32Sint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            mapSint64Sint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSint64Sint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            mapFixed32Fixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            mapFixed64Fixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 74: {
+            mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 82: {
+            mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 90: {
+            mapInt32Float_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Float_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 98: {
+            mapInt32Double_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Double_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 106: {
+            mapBoolBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapBoolBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 114: {
+            mapInt32Enum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Enum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 122: {
+            mapInt32ForeignMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32ForeignMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Previously, message containing enum called Type cannot be used as value of
+  /// map field.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class MessageContainingEnumCalledType : pb::IMessage<MessageContainingEnumCalledType> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<MessageContainingEnumCalledType> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<MessageContainingEnumCalledType>(() => new MessageContainingEnumCalledType());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<MessageContainingEnumCalledType> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapUnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[5]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MessageContainingEnumCalledType() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MessageContainingEnumCalledType(MessageContainingEnumCalledType other) : this() {
+      type_ = other.type_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MessageContainingEnumCalledType Clone() {
+      return new MessageContainingEnumCalledType(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "type" field.</summary>
+    public const int TypeFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MessageContainingEnumCalledType>.Codec _map_type_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MessageContainingEnumCalledType>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MessageContainingEnumCalledType.Parser), 10);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MessageContainingEnumCalledType> type_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MessageContainingEnumCalledType>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MessageContainingEnumCalledType> Type {
+      get { return type_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as MessageContainingEnumCalledType);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(MessageContainingEnumCalledType other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!Type.Equals(other.Type)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= Type.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      type_.WriteTo(output, _map_type_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += type_.CalculateSize(_map_type_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(MessageContainingEnumCalledType other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      type_.Add(other.type_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            type_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_type_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the MessageContainingEnumCalledType message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public enum Type {
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_FOO")] Foo = 0,
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Previously, message cannot contain map field called "entry".
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class MessageContainingMapCalledEntry : pb::IMessage<MessageContainingMapCalledEntry> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<MessageContainingMapCalledEntry> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<MessageContainingMapCalledEntry>(() => new MessageContainingMapCalledEntry());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<MessageContainingMapCalledEntry> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapUnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[6]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MessageContainingMapCalledEntry() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MessageContainingMapCalledEntry(MessageContainingMapCalledEntry other) : this() {
+      entry_ = other.entry_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MessageContainingMapCalledEntry Clone() {
+      return new MessageContainingMapCalledEntry(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "entry" field.</summary>
+    public const int EntryFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_entry_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(16, 0), 10);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> entry_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> Entry {
+      get { return entry_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as MessageContainingMapCalledEntry);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(MessageContainingMapCalledEntry other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!Entry.Equals(other.Entry)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= Entry.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      entry_.WriteTo(output, _map_entry_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += entry_.CalculateSize(_map_entry_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(MessageContainingMapCalledEntry other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      entry_.Add(other.entry_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            entry_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_entry_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/OldExtensions1.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/OldExtensions1.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3824f4c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/OldExtensions1.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: old_extensions1.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.OldGenerator {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from old_extensions1.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class OldExtensions1Reflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for old_extensions1.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static OldExtensions1Reflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "ChVvbGRfZXh0ZW5zaW9uczEucHJvdG8aFW9sZF9leHRlbnNpb25zMi5wcm90",
+            "byINCgtUZXN0TWVzc2FnZUIqqgInR29vZ2xlLlByb3RvYnVmLlRlc3RQcm90",
+            "b3MuT2xkR2VuZXJhdG9yYgZwcm90bzM="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.OldGenerator.OldExtensions2Reflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.OldGenerator.TestMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.OldGenerator.TestMessage.Parser, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// We don't use this message other than to get its descriptor.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestMessage : pb::IMessage<TestMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestMessage>(() => new TestMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.OldGenerator.OldExtensions1Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMessage(TestMessage other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMessage Clone() {
+      return new TestMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/OldExtensions2.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/OldExtensions2.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..265dd3ba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/OldExtensions2.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: old_extensions2.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.OldGenerator {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from old_extensions2.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class OldExtensions2Reflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for old_extensions2.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static OldExtensions2Reflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "ChVvbGRfZXh0ZW5zaW9uczIucHJvdG8aIGdvb2dsZS9wcm90b2J1Zi9kZXNj",
+            "cmlwdG9yLnByb3RvOjQKCm1ldGhvZF9leHQSHi5nb29nbGUucHJvdG9idWYu",
+            "TWV0aG9kT3B0aW9ucxiHrUsgASgJQiqqAidHb29nbGUuUHJvdG9idWYuVGVz",
+            "dFByb3Rvcy5PbGRHZW5lcmF0b3JiBnByb3RvMw=="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { pbr::FileDescriptor.DescriptorProtoFileDescriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/TestMessagesProto2.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/TestMessagesProto2.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..350fb7cde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/TestMessagesProto2.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,5403 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2 {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class TestMessagesProto2Reflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static TestMessagesProto2Reflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Cipnb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvdGVzdF9tZXNzYWdlc19wcm90bzIucHJvdG8S",
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+            "bzIuTWVzc2FnZVNldENvcnJlY3RFeHRlbnNpb24xGt8BChtNZXNzYWdlU2V0",
+            "Q29ycmVjdEV4dGVuc2lvbjISCQoBaRgJIAEoBTK0AQoVbWVzc2FnZV9zZXRf",
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+            "dEFsbFR5cGVzUHJvdG8yLk1lc3NhZ2VTZXRDb3JyZWN0GJCz/AEgASgLMk0u",
+            "cHJvdG9idWZfdGVzdF9tZXNzYWdlcy5wcm90bzIuVGVzdEFsbFR5cGVzUHJv",
+            "dG8yLk1lc3NhZ2VTZXRDb3JyZWN0RXh0ZW5zaW9uMiI5CgpOZXN0ZWRFbnVt",
+            "EgcKA0ZPTxAAEgcKA0JBUhABEgcKA0JBWhACEhAKA05FRxD///////////8B",
+            "KgUIeBDJAUINCgtvbmVvZl9maWVsZEoGCOgHEJBOIiEKFEZvcmVpZ25NZXNz",
+            "YWdlUHJvdG8yEgkKAWMYASABKAUiwQIKFVVua25vd25Ub1Rlc3RBbGxUeXBl",
+            "cxIXCg5vcHRpb25hbF9pbnQzMhjpByABKAUSGAoPb3B0aW9uYWxfc3RyaW5n",
+            "GOoHIAEoCRJMCg5uZXN0ZWRfbWVzc2FnZRjrByABKAsyMy5wcm90b2J1Zl90",
+            "ZXN0X21lc3NhZ2VzLnByb3RvMi5Gb3JlaWduTWVzc2FnZVByb3RvMhJaCg1v",
+            "cHRpb25hbGdyb3VwGOwHIAEoCjJCLnByb3RvYnVmX3Rlc3RfbWVzc2FnZXMu",
+            "cHJvdG8yLlVua25vd25Ub1Rlc3RBbGxUeXBlcy5PcHRpb25hbEdyb3VwEhYK",
+            "DW9wdGlvbmFsX2Jvb2wY7gcgASgIEhcKDnJlcGVhdGVkX2ludDMyGPMHIAMo",
+            "BRoaCg1PcHRpb25hbEdyb3VwEgkKAWEYASABKAUqRgoRRm9yZWlnbkVudW1Q",
+            "cm90bzISDwoLRk9SRUlHTl9GT08QABIPCgtGT1JFSUdOX0JBUhABEg8KC0ZP",
+            "UkVJR05fQkFaEAI6SgoPZXh0ZW5zaW9uX2ludDMyEjEucHJvdG9idWZfdGVz",
+            "dF9tZXNzYWdlcy5wcm90bzIuVGVzdEFsbFR5cGVzUHJvdG8yGHggASgFQi8K",
+            "KGNvbS5nb29nbGUucHJvdG9idWZfdGVzdF9tZXNzYWdlcy5wcm90bzJIAfgB",
+            "AQ=="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(new[] {typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2), }, new pb::Extension[] { TestMessagesProto2Extensions.ExtensionInt32 }, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2), global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Parser, new[]{ "OptionalInt32", "OptionalInt64", "OptionalUint32", "OptionalUint64", "OptionalSint32", "OptionalSint64", "OptionalFixed32", "OptionalFixed64", "OptionalSfixed32", "OptionalSfixed64", "OptionalFloat", "OptionalDouble", "OptionalBool", "OptionalString", "OptionalBytes", "OptionalNestedMessage", "OptionalForeignMessage", "OptionalNestedEnum", "OptionalForeignEnum", "OptionalStringPiece", "OptionalCord", "RecursiveMessage", "RepeatedInt32", "RepeatedInt64", "RepeatedUint32", "RepeatedUint64", "RepeatedSint32", "RepeatedSint64", "RepeatedFixed32", "RepeatedFixed64", "RepeatedSfixed32", "RepeatedSfixed64", "RepeatedFloat", "RepeatedDouble", "RepeatedBool", "RepeatedString", "RepeatedBytes", "RepeatedNestedMessage", "RepeatedForeignMessage", "RepeatedNestedEnum", "RepeatedForeignEnum", "RepeatedStringPiece", "RepeatedCord", "PackedInt32", "PackedInt64", "PackedUint32", "PackedUint64", "PackedSint32", "PackedSint64", "PackedFixed32", "PackedFixed64", "PackedSfixed32", "PackedSfixed64", "PackedFloat", "PackedDouble", "PackedBool", "PackedNestedEnum", "UnpackedInt32", "UnpackedInt64", "UnpackedUint32", "UnpackedUint64", "UnpackedSint32", "UnpackedSint64", "UnpackedFixed32", "UnpackedFixed64", "UnpackedSfixed32", "UnpackedSfixed64", "UnpackedFloat", "UnpackedDouble", "UnpackedBool", "UnpackedNestedEnum", "MapInt32Int32", "MapInt64Int64", "MapUint32Uint32", "MapUint64Uint64", "MapSint32Sint32", "MapSint64Sint64", "MapFixed32Fixed32", "MapFixed64Fixed64", "MapSfixed32Sfixed32", "MapSfixed64Sfixed64", "MapInt32Float", "MapInt32Double", "MapBoolBool", "MapStringString", "MapStringBytes", "MapStringNestedMessage", "MapStringForeignMessage", "MapStringNestedEnum", "MapStringForeignEnum", "OneofUint32", "OneofNestedMessage", "OneofString", "OneofBytes", "OneofBool", "OneofUint64", "OneofFloat", "OneofDouble", "OneofEnum", "Data", "Fieldname1", "FieldName2", "FieldName3", "FieldName4", "Field0Name5", "Field0Name6", "FieldName7", "FieldName8", "FieldName9", "FieldName10", "FIELDNAME11", "FIELDName12", "FieldName13", "FieldName14", "FieldName15", "FieldName16", "FieldName17", "FieldName18" }, new[]{ "OneofField" }, new[]{ typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum) }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage), global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage.Parser, new[]{ "A", "Corecursive" }, null, null, null, null),
+            null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.Data), global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.Data.Parser, new[]{ "GroupInt32", "GroupUint32" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrect), global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrect.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrectExtension1), global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrectExtension1.Parser, new[]{ "Str" }, null, null, new pb::Extension[] { global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrectExtension1.Extensions.MessageSetExtension }, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrectExtension2), global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrectExtension2.Parser, new[]{ "I" }, null, null, new pb::Extension[] { global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrectExtension2.Extensions.MessageSetExtension }, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2), global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2.Parser, new[]{ "C" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.UnknownToTestAllTypes), global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.UnknownToTestAllTypes.Parser, new[]{ "OptionalInt32", "OptionalString", "NestedMessage", "OptionalGroup", "OptionalBool", "RepeatedInt32" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.UnknownToTestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup), global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.UnknownToTestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup.Parser, new[]{ "A" }, null, null, null, null)})
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  /// <summary>Holder for extension identifiers generated from the top level of google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class TestMessagesProto2Extensions {
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2, int> ExtensionInt32 =
+      new pb::Extension<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2, int>(120, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(960, 0));
+  }
+
+  #region Enums
+  public enum ForeignEnumProto2 {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOREIGN_FOO")] ForeignFoo = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOREIGN_BAR")] ForeignBar = 1,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOREIGN_BAZ")] ForeignBaz = 2,
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+  /// forms.
+  ///
+  /// Also, crucially, all messages and enums in this file are eventually
+  /// submessages of this message.  So for example, a fuzz test of TestAllTypes
+  /// could trigger bugs that occur in any message type in this file.  We verify
+  /// this stays true in a unit test.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestAllTypesProto2 : pb::IExtendableMessage<TestAllTypesProto2> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestAllTypesProto2> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestAllTypesProto2>(() => new TestAllTypesProto2());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestAllTypesProto2> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestAllTypesProto2> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    private int _hasBits1;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestAllTypesProto2> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestMessagesProto2Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllTypesProto2() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllTypesProto2(TestAllTypesProto2 other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      _hasBits1 = other._hasBits1;
+      optionalInt32_ = other.optionalInt32_;
+      optionalInt64_ = other.optionalInt64_;
+      optionalUint32_ = other.optionalUint32_;
+      optionalUint64_ = other.optionalUint64_;
+      optionalSint32_ = other.optionalSint32_;
+      optionalSint64_ = other.optionalSint64_;
+      optionalFixed32_ = other.optionalFixed32_;
+      optionalFixed64_ = other.optionalFixed64_;
+      optionalSfixed32_ = other.optionalSfixed32_;
+      optionalSfixed64_ = other.optionalSfixed64_;
+      optionalFloat_ = other.optionalFloat_;
+      optionalDouble_ = other.optionalDouble_;
+      optionalBool_ = other.optionalBool_;
+      optionalString_ = other.optionalString_;
+      optionalBytes_ = other.optionalBytes_;
+      optionalNestedMessage_ = other.HasOptionalNestedMessage ? other.optionalNestedMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalForeignMessage_ = other.HasOptionalForeignMessage ? other.optionalForeignMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalNestedEnum_ = other.optionalNestedEnum_;
+      optionalForeignEnum_ = other.optionalForeignEnum_;
+      optionalStringPiece_ = other.optionalStringPiece_;
+      optionalCord_ = other.optionalCord_;
+      recursiveMessage_ = other.HasRecursiveMessage ? other.recursiveMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      repeatedInt32_ = other.repeatedInt32_.Clone();
+      repeatedInt64_ = other.repeatedInt64_.Clone();
+      repeatedUint32_ = other.repeatedUint32_.Clone();
+      repeatedUint64_ = other.repeatedUint64_.Clone();
+      repeatedSint32_ = other.repeatedSint32_.Clone();
+      repeatedSint64_ = other.repeatedSint64_.Clone();
+      repeatedFixed32_ = other.repeatedFixed32_.Clone();
+      repeatedFixed64_ = other.repeatedFixed64_.Clone();
+      repeatedSfixed32_ = other.repeatedSfixed32_.Clone();
+      repeatedSfixed64_ = other.repeatedSfixed64_.Clone();
+      repeatedFloat_ = other.repeatedFloat_.Clone();
+      repeatedDouble_ = other.repeatedDouble_.Clone();
+      repeatedBool_ = other.repeatedBool_.Clone();
+      repeatedString_ = other.repeatedString_.Clone();
+      repeatedBytes_ = other.repeatedBytes_.Clone();
+      repeatedNestedMessage_ = other.repeatedNestedMessage_.Clone();
+      repeatedForeignMessage_ = other.repeatedForeignMessage_.Clone();
+      repeatedNestedEnum_ = other.repeatedNestedEnum_.Clone();
+      repeatedForeignEnum_ = other.repeatedForeignEnum_.Clone();
+      repeatedStringPiece_ = other.repeatedStringPiece_.Clone();
+      repeatedCord_ = other.repeatedCord_.Clone();
+      packedInt32_ = other.packedInt32_.Clone();
+      packedInt64_ = other.packedInt64_.Clone();
+      packedUint32_ = other.packedUint32_.Clone();
+      packedUint64_ = other.packedUint64_.Clone();
+      packedSint32_ = other.packedSint32_.Clone();
+      packedSint64_ = other.packedSint64_.Clone();
+      packedFixed32_ = other.packedFixed32_.Clone();
+      packedFixed64_ = other.packedFixed64_.Clone();
+      packedSfixed32_ = other.packedSfixed32_.Clone();
+      packedSfixed64_ = other.packedSfixed64_.Clone();
+      packedFloat_ = other.packedFloat_.Clone();
+      packedDouble_ = other.packedDouble_.Clone();
+      packedBool_ = other.packedBool_.Clone();
+      packedNestedEnum_ = other.packedNestedEnum_.Clone();
+      unpackedInt32_ = other.unpackedInt32_.Clone();
+      unpackedInt64_ = other.unpackedInt64_.Clone();
+      unpackedUint32_ = other.unpackedUint32_.Clone();
+      unpackedUint64_ = other.unpackedUint64_.Clone();
+      unpackedSint32_ = other.unpackedSint32_.Clone();
+      unpackedSint64_ = other.unpackedSint64_.Clone();
+      unpackedFixed32_ = other.unpackedFixed32_.Clone();
+      unpackedFixed64_ = other.unpackedFixed64_.Clone();
+      unpackedSfixed32_ = other.unpackedSfixed32_.Clone();
+      unpackedSfixed64_ = other.unpackedSfixed64_.Clone();
+      unpackedFloat_ = other.unpackedFloat_.Clone();
+      unpackedDouble_ = other.unpackedDouble_.Clone();
+      unpackedBool_ = other.unpackedBool_.Clone();
+      unpackedNestedEnum_ = other.unpackedNestedEnum_.Clone();
+      mapInt32Int32_ = other.mapInt32Int32_.Clone();
+      mapInt64Int64_ = other.mapInt64Int64_.Clone();
+      mapUint32Uint32_ = other.mapUint32Uint32_.Clone();
+      mapUint64Uint64_ = other.mapUint64Uint64_.Clone();
+      mapSint32Sint32_ = other.mapSint32Sint32_.Clone();
+      mapSint64Sint64_ = other.mapSint64Sint64_.Clone();
+      mapFixed32Fixed32_ = other.mapFixed32Fixed32_.Clone();
+      mapFixed64Fixed64_ = other.mapFixed64Fixed64_.Clone();
+      mapSfixed32Sfixed32_ = other.mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.Clone();
+      mapSfixed64Sfixed64_ = other.mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.Clone();
+      mapInt32Float_ = other.mapInt32Float_.Clone();
+      mapInt32Double_ = other.mapInt32Double_.Clone();
+      mapBoolBool_ = other.mapBoolBool_.Clone();
+      mapStringString_ = other.mapStringString_.Clone();
+      mapStringBytes_ = other.mapStringBytes_.Clone();
+      mapStringNestedMessage_ = other.mapStringNestedMessage_.Clone();
+      mapStringForeignMessage_ = other.mapStringForeignMessage_.Clone();
+      mapStringNestedEnum_ = other.mapStringNestedEnum_.Clone();
+      mapStringForeignEnum_ = other.mapStringForeignEnum_.Clone();
+      data_ = other.HasData ? other.data_.Clone() : null;
+      fieldname1_ = other.fieldname1_;
+      fieldName2_ = other.fieldName2_;
+      FieldName3_ = other.FieldName3_;
+      fieldName4_ = other.fieldName4_;
+      field0Name5_ = other.field0Name5_;
+      field0Name6_ = other.field0Name6_;
+      fieldName7_ = other.fieldName7_;
+      fieldName8_ = other.fieldName8_;
+      fieldName9_ = other.fieldName9_;
+      fieldName10_ = other.fieldName10_;
+      fIELDNAME11_ = other.fIELDNAME11_;
+      fIELDName12_ = other.fIELDName12_;
+      FieldName13_ = other.FieldName13_;
+      FieldName14_ = other.FieldName14_;
+      fieldName15_ = other.fieldName15_;
+      fieldName16_ = other.fieldName16_;
+      fieldName17_ = other.fieldName17_;
+      fieldName18_ = other.fieldName18_;
+      switch (other.OneofFieldCase) {
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32:
+          OneofUint32 = other.OneofUint32;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage:
+          OneofNestedMessage = other.OneofNestedMessage.Clone();
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString:
+          OneofString = other.OneofString;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes:
+          OneofBytes = other.OneofBytes;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBool:
+          OneofBool = other.OneofBool;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint64:
+          OneofUint64 = other.OneofUint64;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofFloat:
+          OneofFloat = other.OneofFloat;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofDouble:
+          OneofDouble = other.OneofDouble;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofEnum:
+          OneofEnum = other.OneofEnum;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllTypesProto2 Clone() {
+      return new TestAllTypesProto2(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalInt32FieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int OptionalInt32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int optionalInt32_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Singular
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OptionalInt32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return optionalInt32_; } else { return OptionalInt32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        optionalInt32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_int32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalInt32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_int32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalInt32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalInt64FieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static long OptionalInt64DefaultValue = 0L;
+
+    private long optionalInt64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long OptionalInt64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return optionalInt64_; } else { return OptionalInt64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        optionalInt64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_int64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalInt64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_int64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalInt64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalUint32FieldNumber = 3;
+    private readonly static uint OptionalUint32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private uint optionalUint32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint OptionalUint32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4) != 0) { return optionalUint32_; } else { return OptionalUint32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4;
+        optionalUint32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_uint32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalUint32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_uint32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalUint32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalUint64FieldNumber = 4;
+    private readonly static ulong OptionalUint64DefaultValue = 0UL;
+
+    private ulong optionalUint64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong OptionalUint64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8) != 0) { return optionalUint64_; } else { return OptionalUint64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8;
+        optionalUint64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_uint64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalUint64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_uint64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalUint64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalSint32FieldNumber = 5;
+    private readonly static int OptionalSint32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int optionalSint32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OptionalSint32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16) != 0) { return optionalSint32_; } else { return OptionalSint32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16;
+        optionalSint32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_sint32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalSint32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_sint32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalSint32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalSint64FieldNumber = 6;
+    private readonly static long OptionalSint64DefaultValue = 0L;
+
+    private long optionalSint64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long OptionalSint64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 32) != 0) { return optionalSint64_; } else { return OptionalSint64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 32;
+        optionalSint64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_sint64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalSint64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 32) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_sint64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalSint64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~32;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalFixed32FieldNumber = 7;
+    private readonly static uint OptionalFixed32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private uint optionalFixed32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint OptionalFixed32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 64) != 0) { return optionalFixed32_; } else { return OptionalFixed32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 64;
+        optionalFixed32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_fixed32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalFixed32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 64) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_fixed32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalFixed32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~64;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalFixed64FieldNumber = 8;
+    private readonly static ulong OptionalFixed64DefaultValue = 0UL;
+
+    private ulong optionalFixed64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong OptionalFixed64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 128) != 0) { return optionalFixed64_; } else { return OptionalFixed64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 128;
+        optionalFixed64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_fixed64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalFixed64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 128) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_fixed64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalFixed64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~128;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalSfixed32FieldNumber = 9;
+    private readonly static int OptionalSfixed32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int optionalSfixed32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OptionalSfixed32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 256) != 0) { return optionalSfixed32_; } else { return OptionalSfixed32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 256;
+        optionalSfixed32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_sfixed32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalSfixed32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 256) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_sfixed32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalSfixed32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~256;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalSfixed64FieldNumber = 10;
+    private readonly static long OptionalSfixed64DefaultValue = 0L;
+
+    private long optionalSfixed64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long OptionalSfixed64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 512) != 0) { return optionalSfixed64_; } else { return OptionalSfixed64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 512;
+        optionalSfixed64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_sfixed64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalSfixed64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 512) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_sfixed64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalSfixed64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~512;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalFloatFieldNumber = 11;
+    private readonly static float OptionalFloatDefaultValue = 0F;
+
+    private float optionalFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float OptionalFloat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1024) != 0) { return optionalFloat_; } else { return OptionalFloatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1024;
+        optionalFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalFloat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1024) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_float" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalFloat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1024;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalDoubleFieldNumber = 12;
+    private readonly static double OptionalDoubleDefaultValue = 0D;
+
+    private double optionalDouble_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double OptionalDouble {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2048) != 0) { return optionalDouble_; } else { return OptionalDoubleDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2048;
+        optionalDouble_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_double" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalDouble {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2048) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_double" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalDouble() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2048;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalBoolFieldNumber = 13;
+    private readonly static bool OptionalBoolDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool optionalBool_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool OptionalBool {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4096) != 0) { return optionalBool_; } else { return OptionalBoolDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4096;
+        optionalBool_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_bool" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalBool {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4096) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_bool" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalBool() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4096;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalStringFieldNumber = 14;
+    private readonly static string OptionalStringDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string optionalString_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OptionalString {
+      get { return optionalString_ ?? OptionalStringDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        optionalString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalString {
+      get { return optionalString_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_string" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalString() {
+      optionalString_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalBytesFieldNumber = 15;
+    private readonly static pb::ByteString OptionalBytesDefaultValue = pb::ByteString.Empty;
+
+    private pb::ByteString optionalBytes_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString OptionalBytes {
+      get { return optionalBytes_ ?? OptionalBytesDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        optionalBytes_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_bytes" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalBytes {
+      get { return optionalBytes_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_bytes" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalBytes() {
+      optionalBytes_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalNestedMessageFieldNumber = 18;
+    private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage optionalNestedMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage OptionalNestedMessage {
+      get { return optionalNestedMessage_; }
+      set {
+        optionalNestedMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optional_nested_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalNestedMessage {
+      get { return optionalNestedMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optional_nested_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalNestedMessage() {
+      optionalNestedMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_foreign_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalForeignMessageFieldNumber = 19;
+    private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2 optionalForeignMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2 OptionalForeignMessage {
+      get { return optionalForeignMessage_; }
+      set {
+        optionalForeignMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optional_foreign_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalForeignMessage {
+      get { return optionalForeignMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optional_foreign_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalForeignMessage() {
+      optionalForeignMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalNestedEnumFieldNumber = 21;
+    private readonly static global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum OptionalNestedEnumDefaultValue = global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum.Foo;
+
+    private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum optionalNestedEnum_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum OptionalNestedEnum {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8192) != 0) { return optionalNestedEnum_; } else { return OptionalNestedEnumDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8192;
+        optionalNestedEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_nested_enum" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalNestedEnum {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8192) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_nested_enum" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalNestedEnum() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8192;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_foreign_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalForeignEnumFieldNumber = 22;
+    private readonly static global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2 OptionalForeignEnumDefaultValue = global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2.ForeignFoo;
+
+    private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2 optionalForeignEnum_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2 OptionalForeignEnum {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16384) != 0) { return optionalForeignEnum_; } else { return OptionalForeignEnumDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16384;
+        optionalForeignEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_foreign_enum" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalForeignEnum {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16384) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_foreign_enum" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalForeignEnum() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16384;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_string_piece" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalStringPieceFieldNumber = 24;
+    private readonly static string OptionalStringPieceDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string optionalStringPiece_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OptionalStringPiece {
+      get { return optionalStringPiece_ ?? OptionalStringPieceDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        optionalStringPiece_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_string_piece" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalStringPiece {
+      get { return optionalStringPiece_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_string_piece" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalStringPiece() {
+      optionalStringPiece_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_cord" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalCordFieldNumber = 25;
+    private readonly static string OptionalCordDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string optionalCord_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OptionalCord {
+      get { return optionalCord_ ?? OptionalCordDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        optionalCord_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_cord" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalCord {
+      get { return optionalCord_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_cord" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalCord() {
+      optionalCord_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "recursive_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RecursiveMessageFieldNumber = 27;
+    private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2 recursiveMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2 RecursiveMessage {
+      get { return recursiveMessage_; }
+      set {
+        recursiveMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the recursive_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasRecursiveMessage {
+      get { return recursiveMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the recursive_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearRecursiveMessage() {
+      recursiveMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt32FieldNumber = 31;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(248);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Repeated
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedInt32 {
+      get { return repeatedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt64FieldNumber = 32;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(256);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> repeatedInt64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> RepeatedInt64 {
+      get { return repeatedInt64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedUint32FieldNumber = 33;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_repeatedUint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(264);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> repeatedUint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> RepeatedUint32 {
+      get { return repeatedUint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedUint64FieldNumber = 34;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(272);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> repeatedUint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> RepeatedUint64 {
+      get { return repeatedUint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSint32FieldNumber = 35;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedSint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(280);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedSint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedSint32 {
+      get { return repeatedSint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSint64FieldNumber = 36;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_repeatedSint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(288);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> repeatedSint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> RepeatedSint64 {
+      get { return repeatedSint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFixed32FieldNumber = 37;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(301);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> repeatedFixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> RepeatedFixed32 {
+      get { return repeatedFixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFixed64FieldNumber = 38;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(305);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> repeatedFixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> RepeatedFixed64 {
+      get { return repeatedFixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSfixed32FieldNumber = 39;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(317);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedSfixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedSfixed32 {
+      get { return repeatedSfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSfixed64FieldNumber = 40;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(321);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> repeatedSfixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> RepeatedSfixed64 {
+      get { return repeatedSfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFloatFieldNumber = 41;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float> _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(333);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float> repeatedFloat_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float> RepeatedFloat {
+      get { return repeatedFloat_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedDoubleFieldNumber = 42;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double> _repeated_repeatedDouble_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(337);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<double> repeatedDouble_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<double> RepeatedDouble {
+      get { return repeatedDouble_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedBoolFieldNumber = 43;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool> _repeated_repeatedBool_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(344);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<bool> repeatedBool_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<bool> RepeatedBool {
+      get { return repeatedBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedStringFieldNumber = 44;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedString_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(354);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedString_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedString {
+      get { return repeatedString_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedBytesFieldNumber = 45;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<pb::ByteString> _repeated_repeatedBytes_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBytes(362);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> repeatedBytes_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> RepeatedBytes {
+      get { return repeatedBytes_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedNestedMessageFieldNumber = 48;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage> _repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(386, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage> repeatedNestedMessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage> RepeatedNestedMessage {
+      get { return repeatedNestedMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_foreign_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedForeignMessageFieldNumber = 49;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2> _repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(394, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2> repeatedForeignMessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2> RepeatedForeignMessage {
+      get { return repeatedForeignMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedNestedEnumFieldNumber = 51;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum> _repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(408, x => (int) x, x => (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum> repeatedNestedEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum> RepeatedNestedEnum {
+      get { return repeatedNestedEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_foreign_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedForeignEnumFieldNumber = 52;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2> _repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(416, x => (int) x, x => (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2> repeatedForeignEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2> RepeatedForeignEnum {
+      get { return repeatedForeignEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_string_piece" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedStringPieceFieldNumber = 54;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedStringPiece_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(434);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedStringPiece_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedStringPiece {
+      get { return repeatedStringPiece_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_cord" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedCordFieldNumber = 55;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedCord_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(442);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedCord_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedCord {
+      get { return repeatedCord_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedInt32FieldNumber = 75;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_packedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(602);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> packedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Packed
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PackedInt32 {
+      get { return packedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedInt64FieldNumber = 76;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_packedInt64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(610);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> packedInt64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> PackedInt64 {
+      get { return packedInt64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedUint32FieldNumber = 77;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_packedUint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(618);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> packedUint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> PackedUint32 {
+      get { return packedUint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedUint64FieldNumber = 78;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_packedUint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(626);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> packedUint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> PackedUint64 {
+      get { return packedUint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSint32FieldNumber = 79;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_packedSint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(634);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> packedSint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PackedSint32 {
+      get { return packedSint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSint64FieldNumber = 80;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_packedSint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(642);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> packedSint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> PackedSint64 {
+      get { return packedSint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedFixed32FieldNumber = 81;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_packedFixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(650);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> packedFixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> PackedFixed32 {
+      get { return packedFixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedFixed64FieldNumber = 82;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_packedFixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(658);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> packedFixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> PackedFixed64 {
+      get { return packedFixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSfixed32FieldNumber = 83;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_packedSfixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(666);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> packedSfixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PackedSfixed32 {
+      get { return packedSfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSfixed64FieldNumber = 84;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_packedSfixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(674);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> packedSfixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> PackedSfixed64 {
+      get { return packedSfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedFloatFieldNumber = 85;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float> _repeated_packedFloat_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(682);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float> packedFloat_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float> PackedFloat {
+      get { return packedFloat_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedDoubleFieldNumber = 86;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double> _repeated_packedDouble_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(690);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<double> packedDouble_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<double> PackedDouble {
+      get { return packedDouble_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedBoolFieldNumber = 87;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool> _repeated_packedBool_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(698);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<bool> packedBool_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<bool> PackedBool {
+      get { return packedBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedNestedEnumFieldNumber = 88;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum> _repeated_packedNestedEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(706, x => (int) x, x => (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum> packedNestedEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum> PackedNestedEnum {
+      get { return packedNestedEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedInt32FieldNumber = 89;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_unpackedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(712);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> unpackedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Unpacked
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> UnpackedInt32 {
+      get { return unpackedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedInt64FieldNumber = 90;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_unpackedInt64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(720);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> unpackedInt64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> UnpackedInt64 {
+      get { return unpackedInt64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedUint32FieldNumber = 91;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_unpackedUint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(728);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> unpackedUint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> UnpackedUint32 {
+      get { return unpackedUint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedUint64FieldNumber = 92;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_unpackedUint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(736);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> unpackedUint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> UnpackedUint64 {
+      get { return unpackedUint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSint32FieldNumber = 93;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_unpackedSint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(744);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> unpackedSint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> UnpackedSint32 {
+      get { return unpackedSint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSint64FieldNumber = 94;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_unpackedSint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(752);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> unpackedSint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> UnpackedSint64 {
+      get { return unpackedSint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedFixed32FieldNumber = 95;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(765);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> unpackedFixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> UnpackedFixed32 {
+      get { return unpackedFixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedFixed64FieldNumber = 96;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(769);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> unpackedFixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> UnpackedFixed64 {
+      get { return unpackedFixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSfixed32FieldNumber = 97;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(781);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> unpackedSfixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> UnpackedSfixed32 {
+      get { return unpackedSfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSfixed64FieldNumber = 98;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(785);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> unpackedSfixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> UnpackedSfixed64 {
+      get { return unpackedSfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedFloatFieldNumber = 99;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float> _repeated_unpackedFloat_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(797);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float> unpackedFloat_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float> UnpackedFloat {
+      get { return unpackedFloat_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedDoubleFieldNumber = 100;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double> _repeated_unpackedDouble_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(801);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<double> unpackedDouble_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<double> UnpackedDouble {
+      get { return unpackedDouble_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedBoolFieldNumber = 101;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool> _repeated_unpackedBool_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(808);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<bool> unpackedBool_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<bool> UnpackedBool {
+      get { return unpackedBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedNestedEnumFieldNumber = 102;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum> _repeated_unpackedNestedEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(816, x => (int) x, x => (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum> unpackedNestedEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum> UnpackedNestedEnum {
+      get { return unpackedNestedEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32Int32FieldNumber = 56;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_mapInt32Int32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(16, 0), 450);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> mapInt32Int32_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Map
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> MapInt32Int32 {
+      get { return mapInt32Int32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int64_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt64Int64FieldNumber = 57;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec _map_mapInt64Int64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(8, 0L), pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(16, 0L), 458);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<long, long> mapInt64Int64_ = new pbc::MapField<long, long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<long, long> MapInt64Int64 {
+      get { return mapInt64Int64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_uint32_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapUint32Uint32FieldNumber = 58;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec _map_mapUint32Uint32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(16, 0), 466);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint> mapUint32Uint32_ = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<uint, uint> MapUint32Uint32 {
+      get { return mapUint32Uint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_uint64_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapUint64Uint64FieldNumber = 59;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec _map_mapUint64Uint64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(8, 0UL), pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(16, 0UL), 474);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> mapUint64Uint64_ = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> MapUint64Uint64 {
+      get { return mapUint64Uint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sint32_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSint32Sint32FieldNumber = 60;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_mapSint32Sint32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(16, 0), 482);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> mapSint32Sint32_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> MapSint32Sint32 {
+      get { return mapSint32Sint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sint64_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSint64Sint64FieldNumber = 61;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec _map_mapSint64Sint64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(8, 0L), pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(16, 0L), 490);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<long, long> mapSint64Sint64_ = new pbc::MapField<long, long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<long, long> MapSint64Sint64 {
+      get { return mapSint64Sint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_fixed32_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapFixed32Fixed32FieldNumber = 62;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec _map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(13, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(21, 0), 498);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint> mapFixed32Fixed32_ = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<uint, uint> MapFixed32Fixed32 {
+      get { return mapFixed32Fixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_fixed64_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapFixed64Fixed64FieldNumber = 63;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec _map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(9, 0UL), pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(17, 0UL), 506);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> mapFixed64Fixed64_ = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> MapFixed64Fixed64 {
+      get { return mapFixed64Fixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sfixed32_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSfixed32Sfixed32FieldNumber = 64;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(13, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(21, 0), 514);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> mapSfixed32Sfixed32_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> MapSfixed32Sfixed32 {
+      get { return mapSfixed32Sfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sfixed64_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSfixed64Sfixed64FieldNumber = 65;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec _map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(9, 0L), pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(17, 0L), 522);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<long, long> mapSfixed64Sfixed64_ = new pbc::MapField<long, long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<long, long> MapSfixed64Sfixed64 {
+      get { return mapSfixed64Sfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32FloatFieldNumber = 66;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, float>.Codec _map_mapInt32Float_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, float>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(21, 0F), 530);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, float> mapInt32Float_ = new pbc::MapField<int, float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, float> MapInt32Float {
+      get { return mapInt32Float_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32DoubleFieldNumber = 67;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, double>.Codec _map_mapInt32Double_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, double>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(17, 0D), 538);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, double> mapInt32Double_ = new pbc::MapField<int, double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, double> MapInt32Double {
+      get { return mapInt32Double_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_bool_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapBoolBoolFieldNumber = 68;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<bool, bool>.Codec _map_mapBoolBool_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<bool, bool>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(8, false), pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(16, false), 546);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<bool, bool> mapBoolBool_ = new pbc::MapField<bool, bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<bool, bool> MapBoolBool {
+      get { return mapBoolBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_string_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapStringStringFieldNumber = 69;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, string>.Codec _map_mapStringString_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, string>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForString(18, ""), 554);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, string> mapStringString_ = new pbc::MapField<string, string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, string> MapStringString {
+      get { return mapStringString_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_string_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapStringBytesFieldNumber = 70;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, pb::ByteString>.Codec _map_mapStringBytes_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, pb::ByteString>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForBytes(18, pb::ByteString.Empty), 562);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, pb::ByteString> mapStringBytes_ = new pbc::MapField<string, pb::ByteString>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, pb::ByteString> MapStringBytes {
+      get { return mapStringBytes_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_string_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapStringNestedMessageFieldNumber = 71;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage>.Codec _map_mapStringNestedMessage_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage.Parser), 570);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage> mapStringNestedMessage_ = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage> MapStringNestedMessage {
+      get { return mapStringNestedMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_string_foreign_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapStringForeignMessageFieldNumber = 72;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2>.Codec _map_mapStringForeignMessage_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2.Parser), 578);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2> mapStringForeignMessage_ = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2> MapStringForeignMessage {
+      get { return mapStringForeignMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_string_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapStringNestedEnumFieldNumber = 73;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum>.Codec _map_mapStringNestedEnum_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(16, x => (int) x, x => (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum) x, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum.Foo), 586);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum> mapStringNestedEnum_ = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum> MapStringNestedEnum {
+      get { return mapStringNestedEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_string_foreign_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapStringForeignEnumFieldNumber = 74;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2>.Codec _map_mapStringForeignEnum_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(16, x => (int) x, x => (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2) x, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2.ForeignFoo), 594);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2> mapStringForeignEnum_ = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2> MapStringForeignEnum {
+      get { return mapStringForeignEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofUint32FieldNumber = 111;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint OneofUint32 {
+      get { return HasOneofUint32 ? (uint) oneofField_ : 0; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_uint32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofUint32 {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_uint32" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofUint32() {
+      if (HasOneofUint32) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofNestedMessageFieldNumber = 112;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage OneofNestedMessage {
+      get { return HasOneofNestedMessage ? (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage) oneofField_ : null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_nested_message" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofNestedMessage {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_nested_message" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofNestedMessage() {
+      if (HasOneofNestedMessage) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofStringFieldNumber = 113;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OneofString {
+      get { return HasOneofString ? (string) oneofField_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofString {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_string" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofString() {
+      if (HasOneofString) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofBytesFieldNumber = 114;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString OneofBytes {
+      get { return HasOneofBytes ? (pb::ByteString) oneofField_ : pb::ByteString.Empty; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_bytes" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofBytes {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_bytes" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofBytes() {
+      if (HasOneofBytes) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofBoolFieldNumber = 115;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool OneofBool {
+      get { return HasOneofBool ? (bool) oneofField_ : false; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBool;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_bool" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofBool {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBool; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_bool" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofBool() {
+      if (HasOneofBool) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofUint64FieldNumber = 116;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong OneofUint64 {
+      get { return HasOneofUint64 ? (ulong) oneofField_ : 0UL; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint64;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_uint64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofUint64 {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint64; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_uint64" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofUint64() {
+      if (HasOneofUint64) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofFloatFieldNumber = 117;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float OneofFloat {
+      get { return HasOneofFloat ? (float) oneofField_ : 0F; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofFloat;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofFloat {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofFloat; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_float" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofFloat() {
+      if (HasOneofFloat) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofDoubleFieldNumber = 118;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double OneofDouble {
+      get { return HasOneofDouble ? (double) oneofField_ : 0D; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofDouble;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_double" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofDouble {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofDouble; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_double" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofDouble() {
+      if (HasOneofDouble) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofEnumFieldNumber = 119;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum OneofEnum {
+      get { return HasOneofEnum ? (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum) oneofField_ : global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum.Foo; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofEnum;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_enum" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofEnum {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofEnum; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_enum" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofEnum() {
+      if (HasOneofEnum) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 201;
+    private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.Data data_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.Data Data {
+      get { return data_; }
+      set {
+        data_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the data field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasData {
+      get { return data_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the data field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearData() {
+      data_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "fieldname1" field.</summary>
+    public const int Fieldname1FieldNumber = 401;
+    private readonly static int Fieldname1DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldname1_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Test field-name-to-JSON-name convention.
+    /// (protobuf says names can be any valid C/C++ identifier.)
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Fieldname1 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2097152) != 0) { return fieldname1_; } else { return Fieldname1DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2097152;
+        fieldname1_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "fieldname1" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldname1 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2097152) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "fieldname1" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldname1() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2097152;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field_name2" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName2FieldNumber = 402;
+    private readonly static int FieldName2DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldName2_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName2 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4194304) != 0) { return fieldName2_; } else { return FieldName2DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4194304;
+        fieldName2_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field_name2" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName2 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4194304) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field_name2" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName2() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4194304;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "_field_name3" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName3FieldNumber = 403;
+    private readonly static int FieldName3DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int FieldName3_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName3 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8388608) != 0) { return FieldName3_; } else { return FieldName3DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8388608;
+        FieldName3_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "_field_name3" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName3 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8388608) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "_field_name3" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName3() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8388608;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field__name4_" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName4FieldNumber = 404;
+    private readonly static int FieldName4DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldName4_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName4 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16777216) != 0) { return fieldName4_; } else { return FieldName4DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16777216;
+        fieldName4_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field__name4_" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName4 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16777216) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field__name4_" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName4() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16777216;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field0name5" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field0Name5FieldNumber = 405;
+    private readonly static int Field0Name5DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int field0Name5_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field0Name5 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 33554432) != 0) { return field0Name5_; } else { return Field0Name5DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 33554432;
+        field0Name5_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field0name5" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasField0Name5 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 33554432) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field0name5" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearField0Name5() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~33554432;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field_0_name6" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field0Name6FieldNumber = 406;
+    private readonly static int Field0Name6DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int field0Name6_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field0Name6 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 67108864) != 0) { return field0Name6_; } else { return Field0Name6DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 67108864;
+        field0Name6_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field_0_name6" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasField0Name6 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 67108864) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field_0_name6" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearField0Name6() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~67108864;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "fieldName7" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName7FieldNumber = 407;
+    private readonly static int FieldName7DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldName7_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName7 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 134217728) != 0) { return fieldName7_; } else { return FieldName7DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 134217728;
+        fieldName7_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "fieldName7" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName7 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 134217728) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "fieldName7" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName7() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~134217728;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "FieldName8" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName8FieldNumber = 408;
+    private readonly static int FieldName8DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldName8_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName8 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 268435456) != 0) { return fieldName8_; } else { return FieldName8DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 268435456;
+        fieldName8_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "FieldName8" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName8 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 268435456) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "FieldName8" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName8() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~268435456;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field_Name9" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName9FieldNumber = 409;
+    private readonly static int FieldName9DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldName9_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName9 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 536870912) != 0) { return fieldName9_; } else { return FieldName9DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 536870912;
+        fieldName9_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field_Name9" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName9 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 536870912) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field_Name9" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName9() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~536870912;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "Field_Name10" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName10FieldNumber = 410;
+    private readonly static int FieldName10DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldName10_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName10 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1073741824) != 0) { return fieldName10_; } else { return FieldName10DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1073741824;
+        fieldName10_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "Field_Name10" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName10 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1073741824) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "Field_Name10" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName10() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1073741824;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "FIELD_NAME11" field.</summary>
+    public const int FIELDNAME11FieldNumber = 411;
+    private readonly static int FIELDNAME11DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fIELDNAME11_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FIELDNAME11 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & -2147483648) != 0) { return fIELDNAME11_; } else { return FIELDNAME11DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= -2147483648;
+        fIELDNAME11_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "FIELD_NAME11" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFIELDNAME11 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & -2147483648) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "FIELD_NAME11" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFIELDNAME11() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~-2147483648;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "FIELD_name12" field.</summary>
+    public const int FIELDName12FieldNumber = 412;
+    private readonly static int FIELDName12DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fIELDName12_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FIELDName12 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits1 & 1) != 0) { return fIELDName12_; } else { return FIELDName12DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits1 |= 1;
+        fIELDName12_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "FIELD_name12" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFIELDName12 {
+      get { return (_hasBits1 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "FIELD_name12" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFIELDName12() {
+      _hasBits1 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "__field_name13" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName13FieldNumber = 413;
+    private readonly static int FieldName13DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int FieldName13_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName13 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits1 & 2) != 0) { return FieldName13_; } else { return FieldName13DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits1 |= 2;
+        FieldName13_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "__field_name13" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName13 {
+      get { return (_hasBits1 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "__field_name13" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName13() {
+      _hasBits1 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "__Field_name14" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName14FieldNumber = 414;
+    private readonly static int FieldName14DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int FieldName14_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName14 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits1 & 4) != 0) { return FieldName14_; } else { return FieldName14DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits1 |= 4;
+        FieldName14_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "__Field_name14" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName14 {
+      get { return (_hasBits1 & 4) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "__Field_name14" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName14() {
+      _hasBits1 &= ~4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field__name15" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName15FieldNumber = 415;
+    private readonly static int FieldName15DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldName15_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName15 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits1 & 8) != 0) { return fieldName15_; } else { return FieldName15DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits1 |= 8;
+        fieldName15_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field__name15" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName15 {
+      get { return (_hasBits1 & 8) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field__name15" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName15() {
+      _hasBits1 &= ~8;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field__Name16" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName16FieldNumber = 416;
+    private readonly static int FieldName16DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldName16_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName16 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits1 & 16) != 0) { return fieldName16_; } else { return FieldName16DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits1 |= 16;
+        fieldName16_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field__Name16" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName16 {
+      get { return (_hasBits1 & 16) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field__Name16" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName16() {
+      _hasBits1 &= ~16;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field_name17__" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName17FieldNumber = 417;
+    private readonly static int FieldName17DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldName17_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName17 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits1 & 32) != 0) { return fieldName17_; } else { return FieldName17DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits1 |= 32;
+        fieldName17_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field_name17__" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName17 {
+      get { return (_hasBits1 & 32) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field_name17__" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName17() {
+      _hasBits1 &= ~32;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "Field_name18__" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName18FieldNumber = 418;
+    private readonly static int FieldName18DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldName18_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName18 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits1 & 64) != 0) { return fieldName18_; } else { return FieldName18DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits1 |= 64;
+        fieldName18_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "Field_name18__" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName18 {
+      get { return (_hasBits1 & 64) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "Field_name18__" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName18() {
+      _hasBits1 &= ~64;
+    }
+
+    private object oneofField_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "oneof_field" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum OneofFieldOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      OneofUint32 = 111,
+      OneofNestedMessage = 112,
+      OneofString = 113,
+      OneofBytes = 114,
+      OneofBool = 115,
+      OneofUint64 = 116,
+      OneofFloat = 117,
+      OneofDouble = 118,
+      OneofEnum = 119,
+    }
+    private OneofFieldOneofCase oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofFieldOneofCase OneofFieldCase {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofField() {
+      oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.None;
+      oneofField_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestAllTypesProto2);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestAllTypesProto2 other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (OptionalInt32 != other.OptionalInt32) return false;
+      if (OptionalInt64 != other.OptionalInt64) return false;
+      if (OptionalUint32 != other.OptionalUint32) return false;
+      if (OptionalUint64 != other.OptionalUint64) return false;
+      if (OptionalSint32 != other.OptionalSint32) return false;
+      if (OptionalSint64 != other.OptionalSint64) return false;
+      if (OptionalFixed32 != other.OptionalFixed32) return false;
+      if (OptionalFixed64 != other.OptionalFixed64) return false;
+      if (OptionalSfixed32 != other.OptionalSfixed32) return false;
+      if (OptionalSfixed64 != other.OptionalSfixed64) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(OptionalFloat, other.OptionalFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(OptionalDouble, other.OptionalDouble)) return false;
+      if (OptionalBool != other.OptionalBool) return false;
+      if (OptionalString != other.OptionalString) return false;
+      if (OptionalBytes != other.OptionalBytes) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalNestedMessage, other.OptionalNestedMessage)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalForeignMessage, other.OptionalForeignMessage)) return false;
+      if (OptionalNestedEnum != other.OptionalNestedEnum) return false;
+      if (OptionalForeignEnum != other.OptionalForeignEnum) return false;
+      if (OptionalStringPiece != other.OptionalStringPiece) return false;
+      if (OptionalCord != other.OptionalCord) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(RecursiveMessage, other.RecursiveMessage)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt32_.Equals(other.repeatedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt64_.Equals(other.repeatedInt64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedUint32_.Equals(other.repeatedUint32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedUint64_.Equals(other.repeatedUint64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSint32_.Equals(other.repeatedSint32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSint64_.Equals(other.repeatedSint64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFixed32_.Equals(other.repeatedFixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFixed64_.Equals(other.repeatedFixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSfixed32_.Equals(other.repeatedSfixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSfixed64_.Equals(other.repeatedSfixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFloat_.Equals(other.repeatedFloat_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedDouble_.Equals(other.repeatedDouble_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedBool_.Equals(other.repeatedBool_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedString_.Equals(other.repeatedString_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedBytes_.Equals(other.repeatedBytes_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedNestedMessage_.Equals(other.repeatedNestedMessage_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedForeignMessage_.Equals(other.repeatedForeignMessage_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedNestedEnum_.Equals(other.repeatedNestedEnum_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedForeignEnum_.Equals(other.repeatedForeignEnum_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedStringPiece_.Equals(other.repeatedStringPiece_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedCord_.Equals(other.repeatedCord_)) return false;
+      if(!packedInt32_.Equals(other.packedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedInt64_.Equals(other.packedInt64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedUint32_.Equals(other.packedUint32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedUint64_.Equals(other.packedUint64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSint32_.Equals(other.packedSint32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSint64_.Equals(other.packedSint64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedFixed32_.Equals(other.packedFixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedFixed64_.Equals(other.packedFixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSfixed32_.Equals(other.packedSfixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSfixed64_.Equals(other.packedSfixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedFloat_.Equals(other.packedFloat_)) return false;
+      if(!packedDouble_.Equals(other.packedDouble_)) return false;
+      if(!packedBool_.Equals(other.packedBool_)) return false;
+      if(!packedNestedEnum_.Equals(other.packedNestedEnum_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedInt32_.Equals(other.unpackedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedInt64_.Equals(other.unpackedInt64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedUint32_.Equals(other.unpackedUint32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedUint64_.Equals(other.unpackedUint64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSint32_.Equals(other.unpackedSint32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSint64_.Equals(other.unpackedSint64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedFixed32_.Equals(other.unpackedFixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedFixed64_.Equals(other.unpackedFixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSfixed32_.Equals(other.unpackedSfixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSfixed64_.Equals(other.unpackedSfixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedFloat_.Equals(other.unpackedFloat_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedDouble_.Equals(other.unpackedDouble_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedBool_.Equals(other.unpackedBool_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedNestedEnum_.Equals(other.unpackedNestedEnum_)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32Int32.Equals(other.MapInt32Int32)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt64Int64.Equals(other.MapInt64Int64)) return false;
+      if (!MapUint32Uint32.Equals(other.MapUint32Uint32)) return false;
+      if (!MapUint64Uint64.Equals(other.MapUint64Uint64)) return false;
+      if (!MapSint32Sint32.Equals(other.MapSint32Sint32)) return false;
+      if (!MapSint64Sint64.Equals(other.MapSint64Sint64)) return false;
+      if (!MapFixed32Fixed32.Equals(other.MapFixed32Fixed32)) return false;
+      if (!MapFixed64Fixed64.Equals(other.MapFixed64Fixed64)) return false;
+      if (!MapSfixed32Sfixed32.Equals(other.MapSfixed32Sfixed32)) return false;
+      if (!MapSfixed64Sfixed64.Equals(other.MapSfixed64Sfixed64)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32Float.Equals(other.MapInt32Float)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32Double.Equals(other.MapInt32Double)) return false;
+      if (!MapBoolBool.Equals(other.MapBoolBool)) return false;
+      if (!MapStringString.Equals(other.MapStringString)) return false;
+      if (!MapStringBytes.Equals(other.MapStringBytes)) return false;
+      if (!MapStringNestedMessage.Equals(other.MapStringNestedMessage)) return false;
+      if (!MapStringForeignMessage.Equals(other.MapStringForeignMessage)) return false;
+      if (!MapStringNestedEnum.Equals(other.MapStringNestedEnum)) return false;
+      if (!MapStringForeignEnum.Equals(other.MapStringForeignEnum)) return false;
+      if (OneofUint32 != other.OneofUint32) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OneofNestedMessage, other.OneofNestedMessage)) return false;
+      if (OneofString != other.OneofString) return false;
+      if (OneofBytes != other.OneofBytes) return false;
+      if (OneofBool != other.OneofBool) return false;
+      if (OneofUint64 != other.OneofUint64) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(OneofFloat, other.OneofFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(OneofDouble, other.OneofDouble)) return false;
+      if (OneofEnum != other.OneofEnum) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Data, other.Data)) return false;
+      if (Fieldname1 != other.Fieldname1) return false;
+      if (FieldName2 != other.FieldName2) return false;
+      if (FieldName3 != other.FieldName3) return false;
+      if (FieldName4 != other.FieldName4) return false;
+      if (Field0Name5 != other.Field0Name5) return false;
+      if (Field0Name6 != other.Field0Name6) return false;
+      if (FieldName7 != other.FieldName7) return false;
+      if (FieldName8 != other.FieldName8) return false;
+      if (FieldName9 != other.FieldName9) return false;
+      if (FieldName10 != other.FieldName10) return false;
+      if (FIELDNAME11 != other.FIELDNAME11) return false;
+      if (FIELDName12 != other.FIELDName12) return false;
+      if (FieldName13 != other.FieldName13) return false;
+      if (FieldName14 != other.FieldName14) return false;
+      if (FieldName15 != other.FieldName15) return false;
+      if (FieldName16 != other.FieldName16) return false;
+      if (FieldName17 != other.FieldName17) return false;
+      if (FieldName18 != other.FieldName18) return false;
+      if (OneofFieldCase != other.OneofFieldCase) return false;
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) hash ^= OptionalInt32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalInt64) hash ^= OptionalInt64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalUint32) hash ^= OptionalUint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalUint64) hash ^= OptionalUint64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalSint32) hash ^= OptionalSint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalSint64) hash ^= OptionalSint64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalFixed32) hash ^= OptionalFixed32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalFixed64) hash ^= OptionalFixed64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalSfixed32) hash ^= OptionalSfixed32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalSfixed64) hash ^= OptionalSfixed64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(OptionalFloat);
+      if (HasOptionalDouble) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(OptionalDouble);
+      if (HasOptionalBool) hash ^= OptionalBool.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalString) hash ^= OptionalString.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalBytes) hash ^= OptionalBytes.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalNestedMessage) hash ^= OptionalNestedMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalForeignMessage) hash ^= OptionalForeignMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalNestedEnum) hash ^= OptionalNestedEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalForeignEnum) hash ^= OptionalForeignEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalStringPiece) hash ^= OptionalStringPiece.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalCord) hash ^= OptionalCord.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasRecursiveMessage) hash ^= RecursiveMessage.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedUint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedUint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSfixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSfixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFloat_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedDouble_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedBool_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedString_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedBytes_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedNestedMessage_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedForeignMessage_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedNestedEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedForeignEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedStringPiece_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedCord_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedInt64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedUint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedUint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedFixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedFixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSfixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSfixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedFloat_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedDouble_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedBool_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedNestedEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedInt64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedUint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedUint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedFixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedFixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSfixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSfixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedFloat_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedDouble_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedBool_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedNestedEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32Int32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt64Int64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapUint32Uint32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapUint64Uint64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSint32Sint32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSint64Sint64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapFixed32Fixed32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapFixed64Fixed64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSfixed32Sfixed32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSfixed64Sfixed64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32Float.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32Double.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapBoolBool.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapStringString.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapStringBytes.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapStringNestedMessage.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapStringForeignMessage.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapStringNestedEnum.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapStringForeignEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofUint32) hash ^= OneofUint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofNestedMessage) hash ^= OneofNestedMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofString) hash ^= OneofString.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofBytes) hash ^= OneofBytes.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofBool) hash ^= OneofBool.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofUint64) hash ^= OneofUint64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(OneofFloat);
+      if (HasOneofDouble) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(OneofDouble);
+      if (HasOneofEnum) hash ^= OneofEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasData) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldname1) hash ^= Fieldname1.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName2) hash ^= FieldName2.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName3) hash ^= FieldName3.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName4) hash ^= FieldName4.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasField0Name5) hash ^= Field0Name5.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasField0Name6) hash ^= Field0Name6.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName7) hash ^= FieldName7.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName8) hash ^= FieldName8.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName9) hash ^= FieldName9.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName10) hash ^= FieldName10.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFIELDNAME11) hash ^= FIELDNAME11.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFIELDName12) hash ^= FIELDName12.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName13) hash ^= FieldName13.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName14) hash ^= FieldName14.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName15) hash ^= FieldName15.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName16) hash ^= FieldName16.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName17) hash ^= FieldName17.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName18) hash ^= FieldName18.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) oneofFieldCase_;
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(OptionalInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalInt64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt64(OptionalInt64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalUint32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteUInt32(OptionalUint32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalUint64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(32);
+        output.WriteUInt64(OptionalUint64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSint32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteSInt32(OptionalSint32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSint64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(48);
+        output.WriteSInt64(OptionalSint64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalFixed32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(61);
+        output.WriteFixed32(OptionalFixed32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalFixed64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(65);
+        output.WriteFixed64(OptionalFixed64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSfixed32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(77);
+        output.WriteSFixed32(OptionalSfixed32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSfixed64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(81);
+        output.WriteSFixed64(OptionalSfixed64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(93);
+        output.WriteFloat(OptionalFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalDouble) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(97);
+        output.WriteDouble(OptionalDouble);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalBool) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(104);
+        output.WriteBool(OptionalBool);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(114);
+        output.WriteString(OptionalString);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalBytes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(122);
+        output.WriteBytes(OptionalBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(146, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalForeignMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(154, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalForeignMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalNestedEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(168, 1);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) OptionalNestedEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalForeignEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(176, 1);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) OptionalForeignEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalStringPiece) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(194, 1);
+        output.WriteString(OptionalStringPiece);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalCord) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(202, 1);
+        output.WriteString(OptionalCord);
+      }
+      if (HasRecursiveMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(218, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(RecursiveMessage);
+      }
+      repeatedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      repeatedInt64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+      repeatedUint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedUint32_codec);
+      repeatedUint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+      repeatedSint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSint32_codec);
+      repeatedSint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSint64_codec);
+      repeatedFixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+      repeatedFixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+      repeatedSfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec);
+      repeatedSfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec);
+      repeatedFloat_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+      repeatedDouble_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedDouble_codec);
+      repeatedBool_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedBool_codec);
+      repeatedString_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedString_codec);
+      repeatedBytes_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedBytes_codec);
+      repeatedNestedMessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec);
+      repeatedForeignMessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec);
+      repeatedNestedEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec);
+      repeatedForeignEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec);
+      repeatedStringPiece_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedStringPiece_codec);
+      repeatedCord_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedCord_codec);
+      mapInt32Int32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Int32_codec);
+      mapInt64Int64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt64Int64_codec);
+      mapUint32Uint32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapUint32Uint32_codec);
+      mapUint64Uint64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapUint64Uint64_codec);
+      mapSint32Sint32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSint32Sint32_codec);
+      mapSint64Sint64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSint64Sint64_codec);
+      mapFixed32Fixed32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec);
+      mapFixed64Fixed64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec);
+      mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec);
+      mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec);
+      mapInt32Float_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Float_codec);
+      mapInt32Double_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Double_codec);
+      mapBoolBool_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapBoolBool_codec);
+      mapStringString_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapStringString_codec);
+      mapStringBytes_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapStringBytes_codec);
+      mapStringNestedMessage_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapStringNestedMessage_codec);
+      mapStringForeignMessage_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapStringForeignMessage_codec);
+      mapStringNestedEnum_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapStringNestedEnum_codec);
+      mapStringForeignEnum_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapStringForeignEnum_codec);
+      packedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+      packedInt64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedInt64_codec);
+      packedUint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedUint32_codec);
+      packedUint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedUint64_codec);
+      packedSint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSint32_codec);
+      packedSint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSint64_codec);
+      packedFixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedFixed32_codec);
+      packedFixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedFixed64_codec);
+      packedSfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSfixed32_codec);
+      packedSfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSfixed64_codec);
+      packedFloat_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedFloat_codec);
+      packedDouble_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedDouble_codec);
+      packedBool_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedBool_codec);
+      packedNestedEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedNestedEnum_codec);
+      unpackedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedInt32_codec);
+      unpackedInt64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedInt64_codec);
+      unpackedUint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedUint32_codec);
+      unpackedUint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedUint64_codec);
+      unpackedSint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSint32_codec);
+      unpackedSint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSint64_codec);
+      unpackedFixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec);
+      unpackedFixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec);
+      unpackedSfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec);
+      unpackedSfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec);
+      unpackedFloat_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedFloat_codec);
+      unpackedDouble_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedDouble_codec);
+      unpackedBool_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedBool_codec);
+      unpackedNestedEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedNestedEnum_codec);
+      if (HasOneofUint32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 6);
+        output.WriteUInt32(OneofUint32);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofNestedMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(130, 7);
+        output.WriteMessage(OneofNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(138, 7);
+        output.WriteString(OneofString);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofBytes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(146, 7);
+        output.WriteBytes(OneofBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofBool) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(152, 7);
+        output.WriteBool(OneofBool);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofUint64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(160, 7);
+        output.WriteUInt64(OneofUint64);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(173, 7);
+        output.WriteFloat(OneofFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofDouble) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(177, 7);
+        output.WriteDouble(OneofDouble);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(184, 7);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) OneofEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasData) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(203, 12);
+        output.WriteGroup(Data);
+        output.WriteRawTag(204, 12);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldname1) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(Fieldname1);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName2) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(144, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName2);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName3) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(152, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName3);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName4) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(160, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName4);
+      }
+      if (HasField0Name5) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(168, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field0Name5);
+      }
+      if (HasField0Name6) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(176, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field0Name6);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName7) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(184, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName7);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName8) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(192, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName8);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName9) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(200, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName9);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName10) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(208, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName10);
+      }
+      if (HasFIELDNAME11) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(216, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FIELDNAME11);
+      }
+      if (HasFIELDName12) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(224, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FIELDName12);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName13) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(232, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName13);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName14) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(240, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName14);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName15) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName15);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName16) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 26);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName16);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName17) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 26);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName17);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName18) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(144, 26);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName18);
+      }
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(OptionalInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalInt64) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(OptionalInt64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalUint32) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(OptionalUint32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalUint64) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(OptionalUint64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSint32) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeSInt32Size(OptionalSint32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSint64) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeSInt64Size(OptionalSint64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalFixed32) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalFixed64) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSfixed32) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSfixed64) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalFloat) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalDouble) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalBool) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalString) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OptionalString);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalBytes) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(OptionalBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalForeignMessage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalForeignMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalNestedEnum) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) OptionalNestedEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalForeignEnum) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) OptionalForeignEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalStringPiece) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OptionalStringPiece);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalCord) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OptionalCord);
+      }
+      if (HasRecursiveMessage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(RecursiveMessage);
+      }
+      size += repeatedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      size += repeatedInt64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+      size += repeatedUint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedUint32_codec);
+      size += repeatedUint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+      size += repeatedSint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSint32_codec);
+      size += repeatedSint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSint64_codec);
+      size += repeatedFixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+      size += repeatedFixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+      size += repeatedSfixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec);
+      size += repeatedSfixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec);
+      size += repeatedFloat_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+      size += repeatedDouble_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedDouble_codec);
+      size += repeatedBool_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedBool_codec);
+      size += repeatedString_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedString_codec);
+      size += repeatedBytes_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedBytes_codec);
+      size += repeatedNestedMessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec);
+      size += repeatedForeignMessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec);
+      size += repeatedNestedEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec);
+      size += repeatedForeignEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec);
+      size += repeatedStringPiece_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedStringPiece_codec);
+      size += repeatedCord_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedCord_codec);
+      size += packedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+      size += packedInt64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedInt64_codec);
+      size += packedUint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedUint32_codec);
+      size += packedUint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedUint64_codec);
+      size += packedSint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSint32_codec);
+      size += packedSint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSint64_codec);
+      size += packedFixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedFixed32_codec);
+      size += packedFixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedFixed64_codec);
+      size += packedSfixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSfixed32_codec);
+      size += packedSfixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSfixed64_codec);
+      size += packedFloat_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedFloat_codec);
+      size += packedDouble_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedDouble_codec);
+      size += packedBool_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedBool_codec);
+      size += packedNestedEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedNestedEnum_codec);
+      size += unpackedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedInt32_codec);
+      size += unpackedInt64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedInt64_codec);
+      size += unpackedUint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedUint32_codec);
+      size += unpackedUint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedUint64_codec);
+      size += unpackedSint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSint32_codec);
+      size += unpackedSint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSint64_codec);
+      size += unpackedFixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec);
+      size += unpackedFixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec);
+      size += unpackedSfixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec);
+      size += unpackedSfixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec);
+      size += unpackedFloat_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedFloat_codec);
+      size += unpackedDouble_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedDouble_codec);
+      size += unpackedBool_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedBool_codec);
+      size += unpackedNestedEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedNestedEnum_codec);
+      size += mapInt32Int32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Int32_codec);
+      size += mapInt64Int64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt64Int64_codec);
+      size += mapUint32Uint32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapUint32Uint32_codec);
+      size += mapUint64Uint64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapUint64Uint64_codec);
+      size += mapSint32Sint32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSint32Sint32_codec);
+      size += mapSint64Sint64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSint64Sint64_codec);
+      size += mapFixed32Fixed32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec);
+      size += mapFixed64Fixed64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec);
+      size += mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec);
+      size += mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec);
+      size += mapInt32Float_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Float_codec);
+      size += mapInt32Double_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Double_codec);
+      size += mapBoolBool_.CalculateSize(_map_mapBoolBool_codec);
+      size += mapStringString_.CalculateSize(_map_mapStringString_codec);
+      size += mapStringBytes_.CalculateSize(_map_mapStringBytes_codec);
+      size += mapStringNestedMessage_.CalculateSize(_map_mapStringNestedMessage_codec);
+      size += mapStringForeignMessage_.CalculateSize(_map_mapStringForeignMessage_codec);
+      size += mapStringNestedEnum_.CalculateSize(_map_mapStringNestedEnum_codec);
+      size += mapStringForeignEnum_.CalculateSize(_map_mapStringForeignEnum_codec);
+      if (HasOneofUint32) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(OneofUint32);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofNestedMessage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OneofNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofString) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OneofString);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofBytes) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(OneofBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofBool) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasOneofUint64) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(OneofUint64);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofFloat) {
+        size += 2 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasOneofDouble) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (HasOneofEnum) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) OneofEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasData) {
+        size += 4 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize(Data);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldname1) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Fieldname1);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName2) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName2);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName3) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName3);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName4) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName4);
+      }
+      if (HasField0Name5) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field0Name5);
+      }
+      if (HasField0Name6) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field0Name6);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName7) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName7);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName8) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName8);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName9) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName9);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName10) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName10);
+      }
+      if (HasFIELDNAME11) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FIELDNAME11);
+      }
+      if (HasFIELDName12) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FIELDName12);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName13) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName13);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName14) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName14);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName15) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName15);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName16) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName16);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName17) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName17);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName18) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName18);
+      }
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestAllTypesProto2 other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalInt32) {
+        OptionalInt32 = other.OptionalInt32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalInt64) {
+        OptionalInt64 = other.OptionalInt64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalUint32) {
+        OptionalUint32 = other.OptionalUint32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalUint64) {
+        OptionalUint64 = other.OptionalUint64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalSint32) {
+        OptionalSint32 = other.OptionalSint32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalSint64) {
+        OptionalSint64 = other.OptionalSint64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalFixed32) {
+        OptionalFixed32 = other.OptionalFixed32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalFixed64) {
+        OptionalFixed64 = other.OptionalFixed64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalSfixed32) {
+        OptionalSfixed32 = other.OptionalSfixed32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalSfixed64) {
+        OptionalSfixed64 = other.OptionalSfixed64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalFloat) {
+        OptionalFloat = other.OptionalFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalDouble) {
+        OptionalDouble = other.OptionalDouble;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalBool) {
+        OptionalBool = other.OptionalBool;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalString) {
+        OptionalString = other.OptionalString;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalBytes) {
+        OptionalBytes = other.OptionalBytes;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+        if (!HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+          OptionalNestedMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage();
+        }
+        OptionalNestedMessage.MergeFrom(other.OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalForeignMessage) {
+        if (!HasOptionalForeignMessage) {
+          OptionalForeignMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2();
+        }
+        OptionalForeignMessage.MergeFrom(other.OptionalForeignMessage);
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalNestedEnum) {
+        OptionalNestedEnum = other.OptionalNestedEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalForeignEnum) {
+        OptionalForeignEnum = other.OptionalForeignEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalStringPiece) {
+        OptionalStringPiece = other.OptionalStringPiece;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalCord) {
+        OptionalCord = other.OptionalCord;
+      }
+      if (other.HasRecursiveMessage) {
+        if (!HasRecursiveMessage) {
+          RecursiveMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2();
+        }
+        RecursiveMessage.MergeFrom(other.RecursiveMessage);
+      }
+      repeatedInt32_.Add(other.repeatedInt32_);
+      repeatedInt64_.Add(other.repeatedInt64_);
+      repeatedUint32_.Add(other.repeatedUint32_);
+      repeatedUint64_.Add(other.repeatedUint64_);
+      repeatedSint32_.Add(other.repeatedSint32_);
+      repeatedSint64_.Add(other.repeatedSint64_);
+      repeatedFixed32_.Add(other.repeatedFixed32_);
+      repeatedFixed64_.Add(other.repeatedFixed64_);
+      repeatedSfixed32_.Add(other.repeatedSfixed32_);
+      repeatedSfixed64_.Add(other.repeatedSfixed64_);
+      repeatedFloat_.Add(other.repeatedFloat_);
+      repeatedDouble_.Add(other.repeatedDouble_);
+      repeatedBool_.Add(other.repeatedBool_);
+      repeatedString_.Add(other.repeatedString_);
+      repeatedBytes_.Add(other.repeatedBytes_);
+      repeatedNestedMessage_.Add(other.repeatedNestedMessage_);
+      repeatedForeignMessage_.Add(other.repeatedForeignMessage_);
+      repeatedNestedEnum_.Add(other.repeatedNestedEnum_);
+      repeatedForeignEnum_.Add(other.repeatedForeignEnum_);
+      repeatedStringPiece_.Add(other.repeatedStringPiece_);
+      repeatedCord_.Add(other.repeatedCord_);
+      packedInt32_.Add(other.packedInt32_);
+      packedInt64_.Add(other.packedInt64_);
+      packedUint32_.Add(other.packedUint32_);
+      packedUint64_.Add(other.packedUint64_);
+      packedSint32_.Add(other.packedSint32_);
+      packedSint64_.Add(other.packedSint64_);
+      packedFixed32_.Add(other.packedFixed32_);
+      packedFixed64_.Add(other.packedFixed64_);
+      packedSfixed32_.Add(other.packedSfixed32_);
+      packedSfixed64_.Add(other.packedSfixed64_);
+      packedFloat_.Add(other.packedFloat_);
+      packedDouble_.Add(other.packedDouble_);
+      packedBool_.Add(other.packedBool_);
+      packedNestedEnum_.Add(other.packedNestedEnum_);
+      unpackedInt32_.Add(other.unpackedInt32_);
+      unpackedInt64_.Add(other.unpackedInt64_);
+      unpackedUint32_.Add(other.unpackedUint32_);
+      unpackedUint64_.Add(other.unpackedUint64_);
+      unpackedSint32_.Add(other.unpackedSint32_);
+      unpackedSint64_.Add(other.unpackedSint64_);
+      unpackedFixed32_.Add(other.unpackedFixed32_);
+      unpackedFixed64_.Add(other.unpackedFixed64_);
+      unpackedSfixed32_.Add(other.unpackedSfixed32_);
+      unpackedSfixed64_.Add(other.unpackedSfixed64_);
+      unpackedFloat_.Add(other.unpackedFloat_);
+      unpackedDouble_.Add(other.unpackedDouble_);
+      unpackedBool_.Add(other.unpackedBool_);
+      unpackedNestedEnum_.Add(other.unpackedNestedEnum_);
+      mapInt32Int32_.Add(other.mapInt32Int32_);
+      mapInt64Int64_.Add(other.mapInt64Int64_);
+      mapUint32Uint32_.Add(other.mapUint32Uint32_);
+      mapUint64Uint64_.Add(other.mapUint64Uint64_);
+      mapSint32Sint32_.Add(other.mapSint32Sint32_);
+      mapSint64Sint64_.Add(other.mapSint64Sint64_);
+      mapFixed32Fixed32_.Add(other.mapFixed32Fixed32_);
+      mapFixed64Fixed64_.Add(other.mapFixed64Fixed64_);
+      mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.Add(other.mapSfixed32Sfixed32_);
+      mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.Add(other.mapSfixed64Sfixed64_);
+      mapInt32Float_.Add(other.mapInt32Float_);
+      mapInt32Double_.Add(other.mapInt32Double_);
+      mapBoolBool_.Add(other.mapBoolBool_);
+      mapStringString_.Add(other.mapStringString_);
+      mapStringBytes_.Add(other.mapStringBytes_);
+      mapStringNestedMessage_.Add(other.mapStringNestedMessage_);
+      mapStringForeignMessage_.Add(other.mapStringForeignMessage_);
+      mapStringNestedEnum_.Add(other.mapStringNestedEnum_);
+      mapStringForeignEnum_.Add(other.mapStringForeignEnum_);
+      if (other.HasData) {
+        if (!HasData) {
+          Data = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.Data();
+        }
+        Data.MergeFrom(other.Data);
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldname1) {
+        Fieldname1 = other.Fieldname1;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName2) {
+        FieldName2 = other.FieldName2;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName3) {
+        FieldName3 = other.FieldName3;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName4) {
+        FieldName4 = other.FieldName4;
+      }
+      if (other.HasField0Name5) {
+        Field0Name5 = other.Field0Name5;
+      }
+      if (other.HasField0Name6) {
+        Field0Name6 = other.Field0Name6;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName7) {
+        FieldName7 = other.FieldName7;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName8) {
+        FieldName8 = other.FieldName8;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName9) {
+        FieldName9 = other.FieldName9;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName10) {
+        FieldName10 = other.FieldName10;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFIELDNAME11) {
+        FIELDNAME11 = other.FIELDNAME11;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFIELDName12) {
+        FIELDName12 = other.FIELDName12;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName13) {
+        FieldName13 = other.FieldName13;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName14) {
+        FieldName14 = other.FieldName14;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName15) {
+        FieldName15 = other.FieldName15;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName16) {
+        FieldName16 = other.FieldName16;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName17) {
+        FieldName17 = other.FieldName17;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName18) {
+        FieldName18 = other.FieldName18;
+      }
+      switch (other.OneofFieldCase) {
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32:
+          OneofUint32 = other.OneofUint32;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage:
+          if (OneofNestedMessage == null) {
+            OneofNestedMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage();
+          }
+          OneofNestedMessage.MergeFrom(other.OneofNestedMessage);
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString:
+          OneofString = other.OneofString;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes:
+          OneofBytes = other.OneofBytes;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBool:
+          OneofBool = other.OneofBool;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint64:
+          OneofUint64 = other.OneofUint64;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofFloat:
+          OneofFloat = other.OneofFloat;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofDouble:
+          OneofDouble = other.OneofDouble;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofEnum:
+          OneofEnum = other.OneofEnum;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            OptionalInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            OptionalInt64 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            OptionalUint32 = input.ReadUInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+            OptionalUint64 = input.ReadUInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            OptionalSint32 = input.ReadSInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 48: {
+            OptionalSint64 = input.ReadSInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 61: {
+            OptionalFixed32 = input.ReadFixed32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 65: {
+            OptionalFixed64 = input.ReadFixed64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 77: {
+            OptionalSfixed32 = input.ReadSFixed32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 81: {
+            OptionalSfixed64 = input.ReadSFixed64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 93: {
+            OptionalFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 97: {
+            OptionalDouble = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 104: {
+            OptionalBool = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 114: {
+            OptionalString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 122: {
+            OptionalBytes = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 146: {
+            if (!HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+              OptionalNestedMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalNestedMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 154: {
+            if (!HasOptionalForeignMessage) {
+              OptionalForeignMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalForeignMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 168: {
+            OptionalNestedEnum = (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 176: {
+            OptionalForeignEnum = (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignEnumProto2) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 194: {
+            OptionalStringPiece = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 202: {
+            OptionalCord = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 218: {
+            if (!HasRecursiveMessage) {
+              RecursiveMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(RecursiveMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 250:
+          case 248: {
+            repeatedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 258:
+          case 256: {
+            repeatedInt64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 266:
+          case 264: {
+            repeatedUint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedUint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 274:
+          case 272: {
+            repeatedUint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 282:
+          case 280: {
+            repeatedSint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 290:
+          case 288: {
+            repeatedSint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 298:
+          case 301: {
+            repeatedFixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 306:
+          case 305: {
+            repeatedFixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 314:
+          case 317: {
+            repeatedSfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 322:
+          case 321: {
+            repeatedSfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 330:
+          case 333: {
+            repeatedFloat_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 338:
+          case 337: {
+            repeatedDouble_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedDouble_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 346:
+          case 344: {
+            repeatedBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 354: {
+            repeatedString_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedString_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 362: {
+            repeatedBytes_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedBytes_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 386: {
+            repeatedNestedMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 394: {
+            repeatedForeignMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 410:
+          case 408: {
+            repeatedNestedEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 418:
+          case 416: {
+            repeatedForeignEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 434: {
+            repeatedStringPiece_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedStringPiece_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 442: {
+            repeatedCord_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedCord_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 450: {
+            mapInt32Int32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Int32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 458: {
+            mapInt64Int64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt64Int64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 466: {
+            mapUint32Uint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapUint32Uint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 474: {
+            mapUint64Uint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapUint64Uint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 482: {
+            mapSint32Sint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSint32Sint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 490: {
+            mapSint64Sint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSint64Sint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 498: {
+            mapFixed32Fixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 506: {
+            mapFixed64Fixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 514: {
+            mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 522: {
+            mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 530: {
+            mapInt32Float_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Float_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 538: {
+            mapInt32Double_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Double_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 546: {
+            mapBoolBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapBoolBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 554: {
+            mapStringString_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapStringString_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 562: {
+            mapStringBytes_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapStringBytes_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 570: {
+            mapStringNestedMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapStringNestedMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 578: {
+            mapStringForeignMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapStringForeignMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 586: {
+            mapStringNestedEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapStringNestedEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 594: {
+            mapStringForeignEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapStringForeignEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 602:
+          case 600: {
+            packedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 610:
+          case 608: {
+            packedInt64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedInt64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 618:
+          case 616: {
+            packedUint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedUint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 626:
+          case 624: {
+            packedUint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedUint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 634:
+          case 632: {
+            packedSint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 642:
+          case 640: {
+            packedSint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 650:
+          case 653: {
+            packedFixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedFixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 658:
+          case 657: {
+            packedFixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedFixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 666:
+          case 669: {
+            packedSfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 674:
+          case 673: {
+            packedSfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 682:
+          case 685: {
+            packedFloat_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedFloat_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 690:
+          case 689: {
+            packedDouble_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedDouble_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 698:
+          case 696: {
+            packedBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 706:
+          case 704: {
+            packedNestedEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedNestedEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 714:
+          case 712: {
+            unpackedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 722:
+          case 720: {
+            unpackedInt64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedInt64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 730:
+          case 728: {
+            unpackedUint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedUint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 738:
+          case 736: {
+            unpackedUint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedUint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 746:
+          case 744: {
+            unpackedSint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 754:
+          case 752: {
+            unpackedSint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 762:
+          case 765: {
+            unpackedFixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 770:
+          case 769: {
+            unpackedFixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 778:
+          case 781: {
+            unpackedSfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 786:
+          case 785: {
+            unpackedSfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 794:
+          case 797: {
+            unpackedFloat_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedFloat_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 802:
+          case 801: {
+            unpackedDouble_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedDouble_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 810:
+          case 808: {
+            unpackedBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 818:
+          case 816: {
+            unpackedNestedEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedNestedEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 888: {
+            OneofUint32 = input.ReadUInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 898: {
+            global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage subBuilder = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.NestedMessage();
+            if (HasOneofNestedMessage) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(OneofNestedMessage);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            OneofNestedMessage = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 906: {
+            OneofString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 914: {
+            OneofBytes = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 920: {
+            OneofBool = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 928: {
+            OneofUint64 = input.ReadUInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 941: {
+            OneofFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 945: {
+            OneofDouble = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 952: {
+            oneofField_ = input.ReadEnum();
+            oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofEnum;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1611: {
+            if (!HasData) {
+              Data = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.Data();
+            }
+            input.ReadGroup(Data);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3208: {
+            Fieldname1 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3216: {
+            FieldName2 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3224: {
+            FieldName3 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3232: {
+            FieldName4 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3240: {
+            Field0Name5 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3248: {
+            Field0Name6 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3256: {
+            FieldName7 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3264: {
+            FieldName8 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3272: {
+            FieldName9 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3280: {
+            FieldName10 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3288: {
+            FIELDNAME11 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3296: {
+            FIELDName12 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3304: {
+            FieldName13 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3312: {
+            FieldName14 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3320: {
+            FieldName15 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3328: {
+            FieldName16 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3336: {
+            FieldName17 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3344: {
+            FieldName18 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestAllTypesProto2, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestAllTypesProto2, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestAllTypesProto2, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestAllTypesProto2, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestAllTypesProto2, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestAllTypesProto2, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestAllTypesProto2, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestAllTypesProto2 message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public enum NestedEnum {
+        [pbr::OriginalName("FOO")] Foo = 0,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("BAR")] Bar = 1,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("BAZ")] Baz = 2,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Intentionally negative.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("NEG")] Neg = -1,
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class NestedMessage : pb::IMessage<NestedMessage> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage>(() => new NestedMessage());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage(NestedMessage other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          a_ = other.a_;
+          corecursive_ = other.HasCorecursive ? other.corecursive_.Clone() : null;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage Clone() {
+          return new NestedMessage(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+        public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+        private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int a_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int A {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            a_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasA {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearA() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "corecursive" field.</summary>
+        public const int CorecursiveFieldNumber = 2;
+        private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2 corecursive_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2 Corecursive {
+          get { return corecursive_; }
+          set {
+            corecursive_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the corecursive field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasCorecursive {
+          get { return corecursive_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the corecursive field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearCorecursive() {
+          corecursive_ = null;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as NestedMessage);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (A != other.A) return false;
+          if (!object.Equals(Corecursive, other.Corecursive)) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasCorecursive) hash ^= Corecursive.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasA) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(A);
+          }
+          if (HasCorecursive) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(18);
+            output.WriteMessage(Corecursive);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasA) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+          }
+          if (HasCorecursive) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Corecursive);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasA) {
+            A = other.A;
+          }
+          if (other.HasCorecursive) {
+            if (!HasCorecursive) {
+              Corecursive = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2();
+            }
+            Corecursive.MergeFrom(other.Corecursive);
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                A = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 18: {
+                if (!HasCorecursive) {
+                  Corecursive = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2();
+                }
+                input.ReadMessage(Corecursive);
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      /// <summary>
+      /// groups
+      /// </summary>
+      public sealed partial class Data : pb::IMessage<Data> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Data> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Data>(() => new Data());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<Data> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Descriptor.NestedTypes[20]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Data() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Data(Data other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          groupInt32_ = other.groupInt32_;
+          groupUint32_ = other.groupUint32_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Data Clone() {
+          return new Data(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "group_int32" field.</summary>
+        public const int GroupInt32FieldNumber = 202;
+        private readonly static int GroupInt32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int groupInt32_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int GroupInt32 {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return groupInt32_; } else { return GroupInt32DefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            groupInt32_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "group_int32" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasGroupInt32 {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "group_int32" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearGroupInt32() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "group_uint32" field.</summary>
+        public const int GroupUint32FieldNumber = 203;
+        private readonly static uint GroupUint32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private uint groupUint32_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public uint GroupUint32 {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return groupUint32_; } else { return GroupUint32DefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 2;
+            groupUint32_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "group_uint32" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasGroupUint32 {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "group_uint32" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearGroupUint32() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as Data);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(Data other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (GroupInt32 != other.GroupInt32) return false;
+          if (GroupUint32 != other.GroupUint32) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasGroupInt32) hash ^= GroupInt32.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasGroupUint32) hash ^= GroupUint32.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasGroupInt32) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(208, 12);
+            output.WriteInt32(GroupInt32);
+          }
+          if (HasGroupUint32) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(216, 12);
+            output.WriteUInt32(GroupUint32);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasGroupInt32) {
+            size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(GroupInt32);
+          }
+          if (HasGroupUint32) {
+            size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(GroupUint32);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(Data other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasGroupInt32) {
+            GroupInt32 = other.GroupInt32;
+          }
+          if (other.HasGroupUint32) {
+            GroupUint32 = other.GroupUint32;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 1612:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 1616: {
+                GroupInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 1624: {
+                GroupUint32 = input.ReadUInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      /// <summary>
+      /// message_set test case.
+      /// </summary>
+      public sealed partial class MessageSetCorrect : pb::IExtendableMessage<MessageSetCorrect> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<MessageSetCorrect> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<MessageSetCorrect>(() => new MessageSetCorrect());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private pb::ExtensionSet<MessageSetCorrect> _extensions;
+        private pb::ExtensionSet<MessageSetCorrect> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<MessageSetCorrect> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Descriptor.NestedTypes[21]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public MessageSetCorrect() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public MessageSetCorrect(MessageSetCorrect other) : this() {
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+          _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public MessageSetCorrect Clone() {
+          return new MessageSetCorrect(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as MessageSetCorrect);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(MessageSetCorrect other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (_extensions != null) {
+            hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (_extensions != null) {
+            _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (_extensions != null) {
+            size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(MessageSetCorrect other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+                  _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<MessageSetCorrect, TValue> extension) {
+          return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+        }
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<MessageSetCorrect, TValue> extension) {
+          return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+        }
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<MessageSetCorrect, TValue> extension) {
+          return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+        }
+        public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<MessageSetCorrect, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+          pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+        }
+        public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<MessageSetCorrect, TValue> extension) {
+          return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+        }
+        public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<MessageSetCorrect, TValue> extension) {
+          pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+        }
+        public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<MessageSetCorrect, TValue> extension) {
+          pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class MessageSetCorrectExtension1 : pb::IMessage<MessageSetCorrectExtension1> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<MessageSetCorrectExtension1> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<MessageSetCorrectExtension1>(() => new MessageSetCorrectExtension1());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<MessageSetCorrectExtension1> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Descriptor.NestedTypes[22]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public MessageSetCorrectExtension1() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public MessageSetCorrectExtension1(MessageSetCorrectExtension1 other) : this() {
+          str_ = other.str_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public MessageSetCorrectExtension1 Clone() {
+          return new MessageSetCorrectExtension1(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "str" field.</summary>
+        public const int StrFieldNumber = 25;
+        private readonly static string StrDefaultValue = "";
+
+        private string str_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public string Str {
+          get { return str_ ?? StrDefaultValue; }
+          set {
+            str_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "str" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasStr {
+          get { return str_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "str" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearStr() {
+          str_ = null;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as MessageSetCorrectExtension1);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(MessageSetCorrectExtension1 other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (Str != other.Str) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasStr) hash ^= Str.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasStr) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(202, 1);
+            output.WriteString(Str);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasStr) {
+            size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Str);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(MessageSetCorrectExtension1 other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasStr) {
+            Str = other.Str;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 202: {
+                Str = input.ReadString();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        #region Extensions
+        /// <summary>Container for extensions for other messages declared in the MessageSetCorrectExtension1 message type.</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static partial class Extensions {
+          public static readonly pb::Extension<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrect, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrectExtension1> MessageSetExtension =
+            new pb::Extension<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrect, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrectExtension1>(1547769, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(12382154, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrectExtension1.Parser));
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class MessageSetCorrectExtension2 : pb::IMessage<MessageSetCorrectExtension2> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<MessageSetCorrectExtension2> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<MessageSetCorrectExtension2>(() => new MessageSetCorrectExtension2());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<MessageSetCorrectExtension2> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Descriptor.NestedTypes[23]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public MessageSetCorrectExtension2() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public MessageSetCorrectExtension2(MessageSetCorrectExtension2 other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          i_ = other.i_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public MessageSetCorrectExtension2 Clone() {
+          return new MessageSetCorrectExtension2(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "i" field.</summary>
+        public const int IFieldNumber = 9;
+        private readonly static int IDefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int i_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int I {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return i_; } else { return IDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            i_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "i" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasI {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "i" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearI() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as MessageSetCorrectExtension2);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(MessageSetCorrectExtension2 other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (I != other.I) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasI) hash ^= I.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasI) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(72);
+            output.WriteInt32(I);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasI) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(I);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(MessageSetCorrectExtension2 other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasI) {
+            I = other.I;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 72: {
+                I = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        #region Extensions
+        /// <summary>Container for extensions for other messages declared in the MessageSetCorrectExtension2 message type.</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static partial class Extensions {
+          public static readonly pb::Extension<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrect, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrectExtension2> MessageSetExtension =
+            new pb::Extension<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrect, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrectExtension2>(4135312, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(33082498, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestAllTypesProto2.Types.MessageSetCorrectExtension2.Parser));
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class ForeignMessageProto2 : pb::IMessage<ForeignMessageProto2> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ForeignMessageProto2> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ForeignMessageProto2>(() => new ForeignMessageProto2());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ForeignMessageProto2> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestMessagesProto2Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ForeignMessageProto2() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ForeignMessageProto2(ForeignMessageProto2 other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      c_ = other.c_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ForeignMessageProto2 Clone() {
+      return new ForeignMessageProto2(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "c" field.</summary>
+    public const int CFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int CDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int c_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int C {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return c_; } else { return CDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        c_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "c" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasC {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "c" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearC() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ForeignMessageProto2);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ForeignMessageProto2 other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (C != other.C) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasC) hash ^= C.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasC) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(C);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasC) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(C);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ForeignMessageProto2 other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasC) {
+        C = other.C;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            C = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class UnknownToTestAllTypes : pb::IMessage<UnknownToTestAllTypes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<UnknownToTestAllTypes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<UnknownToTestAllTypes>(() => new UnknownToTestAllTypes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<UnknownToTestAllTypes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.TestMessagesProto2Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[2]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public UnknownToTestAllTypes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public UnknownToTestAllTypes(UnknownToTestAllTypes other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      optionalInt32_ = other.optionalInt32_;
+      optionalString_ = other.optionalString_;
+      nestedMessage_ = other.HasNestedMessage ? other.nestedMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalGroup_ = other.HasOptionalGroup ? other.optionalGroup_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalBool_ = other.optionalBool_;
+      repeatedInt32_ = other.repeatedInt32_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public UnknownToTestAllTypes Clone() {
+      return new UnknownToTestAllTypes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalInt32FieldNumber = 1001;
+    private readonly static int OptionalInt32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int optionalInt32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OptionalInt32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return optionalInt32_; } else { return OptionalInt32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        optionalInt32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_int32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalInt32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_int32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalInt32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalStringFieldNumber = 1002;
+    private readonly static string OptionalStringDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string optionalString_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OptionalString {
+      get { return optionalString_ ?? OptionalStringDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        optionalString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalString {
+      get { return optionalString_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_string" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalString() {
+      optionalString_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int NestedMessageFieldNumber = 1003;
+    private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2 nestedMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2 NestedMessage {
+      get { return nestedMessage_; }
+      set {
+        nestedMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the nested_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasNestedMessage {
+      get { return nestedMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the nested_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearNestedMessage() {
+      nestedMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optionalgroup" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalGroupFieldNumber = 1004;
+    private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.UnknownToTestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup optionalGroup_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.UnknownToTestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup OptionalGroup {
+      get { return optionalGroup_; }
+      set {
+        optionalGroup_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optionalgroup field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalGroup {
+      get { return optionalGroup_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optionalgroup field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalGroup() {
+      optionalGroup_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalBoolFieldNumber = 1006;
+    private readonly static bool OptionalBoolDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool optionalBool_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool OptionalBool {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return optionalBool_; } else { return OptionalBoolDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        optionalBool_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_bool" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalBool {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_bool" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalBool() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt32FieldNumber = 1011;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8088);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedInt32 {
+      get { return repeatedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as UnknownToTestAllTypes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(UnknownToTestAllTypes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (OptionalInt32 != other.OptionalInt32) return false;
+      if (OptionalString != other.OptionalString) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(NestedMessage, other.NestedMessage)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalGroup, other.OptionalGroup)) return false;
+      if (OptionalBool != other.OptionalBool) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt32_.Equals(other.repeatedInt32_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) hash ^= OptionalInt32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalString) hash ^= OptionalString.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasNestedMessage) hash ^= NestedMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) hash ^= OptionalGroup.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalBool) hash ^= OptionalBool.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(200, 62);
+        output.WriteInt32(OptionalInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(210, 62);
+        output.WriteString(OptionalString);
+      }
+      if (HasNestedMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(218, 62);
+        output.WriteMessage(NestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(227, 62);
+        output.WriteGroup(OptionalGroup);
+        output.WriteRawTag(228, 62);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalBool) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(240, 62);
+        output.WriteBool(OptionalBool);
+      }
+      repeatedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(OptionalInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalString) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OptionalString);
+      }
+      if (HasNestedMessage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(NestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) {
+        size += 4 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize(OptionalGroup);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalBool) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      size += repeatedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(UnknownToTestAllTypes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalInt32) {
+        OptionalInt32 = other.OptionalInt32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalString) {
+        OptionalString = other.OptionalString;
+      }
+      if (other.HasNestedMessage) {
+        if (!HasNestedMessage) {
+          NestedMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2();
+        }
+        NestedMessage.MergeFrom(other.NestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalGroup) {
+        if (!HasOptionalGroup) {
+          OptionalGroup = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.UnknownToTestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup();
+        }
+        OptionalGroup.MergeFrom(other.OptionalGroup);
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalBool) {
+        OptionalBool = other.OptionalBool;
+      }
+      repeatedInt32_.Add(other.repeatedInt32_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8008: {
+            OptionalInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 8018: {
+            OptionalString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 8026: {
+            if (!HasNestedMessage) {
+              NestedMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.ForeignMessageProto2();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(NestedMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 8035: {
+            if (!HasOptionalGroup) {
+              OptionalGroup = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.UnknownToTestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup();
+            }
+            input.ReadGroup(OptionalGroup);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 8048: {
+            OptionalBool = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 8090:
+          case 8088: {
+            repeatedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the UnknownToTestAllTypes message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class OptionalGroup : pb::IMessage<OptionalGroup> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup>(() => new OptionalGroup());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto2.UnknownToTestAllTypes.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup(OptionalGroup other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          a_ = other.a_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup Clone() {
+          return new OptionalGroup(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+        public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+        private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int a_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int A {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            a_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasA {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearA() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as OptionalGroup);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(OptionalGroup other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (A != other.A) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasA) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(A);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasA) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(OptionalGroup other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasA) {
+            A = other.A;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 8036:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                A = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/TestMessagesProto3.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/TestMessagesProto3.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..064d0c0ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/TestMessagesProto3.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,4419 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3 {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class TestMessagesProto3Reflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static TestMessagesProto3Reflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Cipnb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvdGVzdF9tZXNzYWdlc19wcm90bzMucHJvdG8S",
+            "HXByb3RvYnVmX3Rlc3RfbWVzc2FnZXMucHJvdG8zGhlnb29nbGUvcHJvdG9i",
+            "dWYvYW55LnByb3RvGh5nb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvZHVyYXRpb24ucHJvdG8a",
+            "IGdvb2dsZS9wcm90b2J1Zi9maWVsZF9tYXNrLnByb3RvGhxnb29nbGUvcHJv",
+            "dG9idWYvc3RydWN0LnByb3RvGh9nb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvdGltZXN0YW1w",
+            "LnByb3RvGh5nb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvd3JhcHBlcnMucHJvdG8iv0QKElRl",
+            "c3RBbGxUeXBlc1Byb3RvMxIWCg5vcHRpb25hbF9pbnQzMhgBIAEoBRIWCg5v",
+            "cHRpb25hbF9pbnQ2NBgCIAEoAxIXCg9vcHRpb25hbF91aW50MzIYAyABKA0S",
+            "FwoPb3B0aW9uYWxfdWludDY0GAQgASgEEhcKD29wdGlvbmFsX3NpbnQzMhgF",
+            "IAEoERIXCg9vcHRpb25hbF9zaW50NjQYBiABKBISGAoQb3B0aW9uYWxfZml4",
+            "ZWQzMhgHIAEoBxIYChBvcHRpb25hbF9maXhlZDY0GAggASgGEhkKEW9wdGlv",
+            "bmFsX3NmaXhlZDMyGAkgASgPEhkKEW9wdGlvbmFsX3NmaXhlZDY0GAogASgQ",
+            "EhYKDm9wdGlvbmFsX2Zsb2F0GAsgASgCEhcKD29wdGlvbmFsX2RvdWJsZRgM",
+            "IAEoARIVCg1vcHRpb25hbF9ib29sGA0gASgIEhcKD29wdGlvbmFsX3N0cmlu",
+            "ZxgOIAEoCRIWCg5vcHRpb25hbF9ieXRlcxgPIAEoDBJgChdvcHRpb25hbF9u",
+            "ZXN0ZWRfbWVzc2FnZRgSIAEoCzI/LnByb3RvYnVmX3Rlc3RfbWVzc2FnZXMu",
+            "cHJvdG8zLlRlc3RBbGxUeXBlc1Byb3RvMy5OZXN0ZWRNZXNzYWdlEk8KGG9w",
+            "dGlvbmFsX2ZvcmVpZ25fbWVzc2FnZRgTIAEoCzItLnByb3RvYnVmX3Rlc3Rf",
+            "bWVzc2FnZXMucHJvdG8zLkZvcmVpZ25NZXNzYWdlEloKFG9wdGlvbmFsX25l",
+            "c3RlZF9lbnVtGBUgASgOMjwucHJvdG9idWZfdGVzdF9tZXNzYWdlcy5wcm90",
+            "bzMuVGVzdEFsbFR5cGVzUHJvdG8zLk5lc3RlZEVudW0SSQoVb3B0aW9uYWxf",
+            "Zm9yZWlnbl9lbnVtGBYgASgOMioucHJvdG9idWZfdGVzdF9tZXNzYWdlcy5w",
+            "cm90bzMuRm9yZWlnbkVudW0SXAoVb3B0aW9uYWxfYWxpYXNlZF9lbnVtGBcg",
+            "ASgOMj0ucHJvdG9idWZfdGVzdF9tZXNzYWdlcy5wcm90bzMuVGVzdEFsbFR5",
+            "cGVzUHJvdG8zLkFsaWFzZWRFbnVtEiEKFW9wdGlvbmFsX3N0cmluZ19waWVj",
+            "ZRgYIAEoCUICCAISGQoNb3B0aW9uYWxfY29yZBgZIAEoCUICCAESTAoRcmVj",
+            "dXJzaXZlX21lc3NhZ2UYGyABKAsyMS5wcm90b2J1Zl90ZXN0X21lc3NhZ2Vz",
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+            "bnRyeRILCgNrZXkYASABKAkSPAoFdmFsdWUYAiABKAsyLS5wcm90b2J1Zl90",
+            "ZXN0X21lc3NhZ2VzLnByb3RvMy5Gb3JlaWduTWVzc2FnZToCOAEaeAoYTWFw",
+            "U3RyaW5nTmVzdGVkRW51bUVudHJ5EgsKA2tleRgBIAEoCRJLCgV2YWx1ZRgC",
+            "IAEoDjI8LnByb3RvYnVmX3Rlc3RfbWVzc2FnZXMucHJvdG8zLlRlc3RBbGxU",
+            "eXBlc1Byb3RvMy5OZXN0ZWRFbnVtOgI4ARpnChlNYXBTdHJpbmdGb3JlaWdu",
+            "RW51bUVudHJ5EgsKA2tleRgBIAEoCRI5CgV2YWx1ZRgCIAEoDjIqLnByb3Rv",
+            "YnVmX3Rlc3RfbWVzc2FnZXMucHJvdG8zLkZvcmVpZ25FbnVtOgI4ASI5CgpO",
+            "ZXN0ZWRFbnVtEgcKA0ZPTxAAEgcKA0JBUhABEgcKA0JBWhACEhAKA05FRxD/",
+            "//////////8BIlkKC0FsaWFzZWRFbnVtEg0KCUFMSUFTX0ZPTxAAEg0KCUFM",
+            "SUFTX0JBUhABEg0KCUFMSUFTX0JBWhACEgcKA1FVWBACEgcKA3F1eBACEgcK",
+            "A2JBehACGgIQAUINCgtvbmVvZl9maWVsZEoGCPUDEP8DIhsKDkZvcmVpZ25N",
+            "ZXNzYWdlEgkKAWMYASABKAUqQAoLRm9yZWlnbkVudW0SDwoLRk9SRUlHTl9G",
+            "T08QABIPCgtGT1JFSUdOX0JBUhABEg8KC0ZPUkVJR05fQkFaEAJCOAooY29t",
+            "Lmdvb2dsZS5wcm90b2J1Zl90ZXN0X21lc3NhZ2VzLnByb3RvM0gB+AEBogIG",
+            "UHJvdG8zYgZwcm90bzM="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.AnyReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.DurationReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMaskReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.StructReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.TimestampReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.WrappersReflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(new[] {typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum), }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3), global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Parser, new[]{ "OptionalInt32", "OptionalInt64", "OptionalUint32", "OptionalUint64", "OptionalSint32", "OptionalSint64", "OptionalFixed32", "OptionalFixed64", "OptionalSfixed32", "OptionalSfixed64", "OptionalFloat", "OptionalDouble", "OptionalBool", "OptionalString", "OptionalBytes", "OptionalNestedMessage", "OptionalForeignMessage", "OptionalNestedEnum", "OptionalForeignEnum", "OptionalAliasedEnum", "OptionalStringPiece", "OptionalCord", "RecursiveMessage", "RepeatedInt32", "RepeatedInt64", "RepeatedUint32", "RepeatedUint64", "RepeatedSint32", "RepeatedSint64", "RepeatedFixed32", "RepeatedFixed64", "RepeatedSfixed32", "RepeatedSfixed64", "RepeatedFloat", "RepeatedDouble", "RepeatedBool", "RepeatedString", "RepeatedBytes", "RepeatedNestedMessage", "RepeatedForeignMessage", "RepeatedNestedEnum", "RepeatedForeignEnum", "RepeatedStringPiece", "RepeatedCord", "PackedInt32", "PackedInt64", "PackedUint32", "PackedUint64", "PackedSint32", "PackedSint64", "PackedFixed32", "PackedFixed64", "PackedSfixed32", "PackedSfixed64", "PackedFloat", "PackedDouble", "PackedBool", "PackedNestedEnum", "UnpackedInt32", "UnpackedInt64", "UnpackedUint32", "UnpackedUint64", "UnpackedSint32", "UnpackedSint64", "UnpackedFixed32", "UnpackedFixed64", "UnpackedSfixed32", "UnpackedSfixed64", "UnpackedFloat", "UnpackedDouble", "UnpackedBool", "UnpackedNestedEnum", "MapInt32Int32", "MapInt64Int64", "MapUint32Uint32", "MapUint64Uint64", "MapSint32Sint32", "MapSint64Sint64", "MapFixed32Fixed32", "MapFixed64Fixed64", "MapSfixed32Sfixed32", "MapSfixed64Sfixed64", "MapInt32Float", "MapInt32Double", "MapBoolBool", "MapStringString", "MapStringBytes", "MapStringNestedMessage", "MapStringForeignMessage", "MapStringNestedEnum", "MapStringForeignEnum", "OneofUint32", "OneofNestedMessage", "OneofString", "OneofBytes", "OneofBool", "OneofUint64", "OneofFloat", "OneofDouble", "OneofEnum", "OptionalBoolWrapper", "OptionalInt32Wrapper", "OptionalInt64Wrapper", "OptionalUint32Wrapper", "OptionalUint64Wrapper", "OptionalFloatWrapper", "OptionalDoubleWrapper", "OptionalStringWrapper", "OptionalBytesWrapper", "RepeatedBoolWrapper", "RepeatedInt32Wrapper", "RepeatedInt64Wrapper", "RepeatedUint32Wrapper", "RepeatedUint64Wrapper", "RepeatedFloatWrapper", "RepeatedDoubleWrapper", "RepeatedStringWrapper", "RepeatedBytesWrapper", "OptionalDuration", "OptionalTimestamp", "OptionalFieldMask", "OptionalStruct", "OptionalAny", "OptionalValue", "RepeatedDuration", "RepeatedTimestamp", "RepeatedFieldmask", "RepeatedStruct", "RepeatedAny", "RepeatedValue", "RepeatedListValue", "Fieldname1", "FieldName2", "FieldName3", "FieldName4", "Field0Name5", "Field0Name6", "FieldName7", "FieldName8", "FieldName9", "FieldName10", "FIELDNAME11", "FIELDName12", "FieldName13", "FieldName14", "FieldName15", "FieldName16", "FieldName17", "FieldName18" }, new[]{ "OneofField" }, new[]{ typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum), typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.AliasedEnum) }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage), global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage.Parser, new[]{ "A", "Corecursive" }, null, null, null, null),
+            null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, }),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage), global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage.Parser, new[]{ "C" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Enums
+  public enum ForeignEnum {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOREIGN_FOO")] ForeignFoo = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOREIGN_BAR")] ForeignBar = 1,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOREIGN_BAZ")] ForeignBaz = 2,
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+  /// forms.
+  ///
+  /// Also, crucially, all messages and enums in this file are eventually
+  /// submessages of this message.  So for example, a fuzz test of TestAllTypes
+  /// could trigger bugs that occur in any message type in this file.  We verify
+  /// this stays true in a unit test.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestAllTypesProto3 : pb::IMessage<TestAllTypesProto3> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestAllTypesProto3> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestAllTypesProto3>(() => new TestAllTypesProto3());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestAllTypesProto3> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestMessagesProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllTypesProto3() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllTypesProto3(TestAllTypesProto3 other) : this() {
+      optionalInt32_ = other.optionalInt32_;
+      optionalInt64_ = other.optionalInt64_;
+      optionalUint32_ = other.optionalUint32_;
+      optionalUint64_ = other.optionalUint64_;
+      optionalSint32_ = other.optionalSint32_;
+      optionalSint64_ = other.optionalSint64_;
+      optionalFixed32_ = other.optionalFixed32_;
+      optionalFixed64_ = other.optionalFixed64_;
+      optionalSfixed32_ = other.optionalSfixed32_;
+      optionalSfixed64_ = other.optionalSfixed64_;
+      optionalFloat_ = other.optionalFloat_;
+      optionalDouble_ = other.optionalDouble_;
+      optionalBool_ = other.optionalBool_;
+      optionalString_ = other.optionalString_;
+      optionalBytes_ = other.optionalBytes_;
+      optionalNestedMessage_ = other.optionalNestedMessage_ != null ? other.optionalNestedMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalForeignMessage_ = other.optionalForeignMessage_ != null ? other.optionalForeignMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalNestedEnum_ = other.optionalNestedEnum_;
+      optionalForeignEnum_ = other.optionalForeignEnum_;
+      optionalAliasedEnum_ = other.optionalAliasedEnum_;
+      optionalStringPiece_ = other.optionalStringPiece_;
+      optionalCord_ = other.optionalCord_;
+      recursiveMessage_ = other.recursiveMessage_ != null ? other.recursiveMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      repeatedInt32_ = other.repeatedInt32_.Clone();
+      repeatedInt64_ = other.repeatedInt64_.Clone();
+      repeatedUint32_ = other.repeatedUint32_.Clone();
+      repeatedUint64_ = other.repeatedUint64_.Clone();
+      repeatedSint32_ = other.repeatedSint32_.Clone();
+      repeatedSint64_ = other.repeatedSint64_.Clone();
+      repeatedFixed32_ = other.repeatedFixed32_.Clone();
+      repeatedFixed64_ = other.repeatedFixed64_.Clone();
+      repeatedSfixed32_ = other.repeatedSfixed32_.Clone();
+      repeatedSfixed64_ = other.repeatedSfixed64_.Clone();
+      repeatedFloat_ = other.repeatedFloat_.Clone();
+      repeatedDouble_ = other.repeatedDouble_.Clone();
+      repeatedBool_ = other.repeatedBool_.Clone();
+      repeatedString_ = other.repeatedString_.Clone();
+      repeatedBytes_ = other.repeatedBytes_.Clone();
+      repeatedNestedMessage_ = other.repeatedNestedMessage_.Clone();
+      repeatedForeignMessage_ = other.repeatedForeignMessage_.Clone();
+      repeatedNestedEnum_ = other.repeatedNestedEnum_.Clone();
+      repeatedForeignEnum_ = other.repeatedForeignEnum_.Clone();
+      repeatedStringPiece_ = other.repeatedStringPiece_.Clone();
+      repeatedCord_ = other.repeatedCord_.Clone();
+      packedInt32_ = other.packedInt32_.Clone();
+      packedInt64_ = other.packedInt64_.Clone();
+      packedUint32_ = other.packedUint32_.Clone();
+      packedUint64_ = other.packedUint64_.Clone();
+      packedSint32_ = other.packedSint32_.Clone();
+      packedSint64_ = other.packedSint64_.Clone();
+      packedFixed32_ = other.packedFixed32_.Clone();
+      packedFixed64_ = other.packedFixed64_.Clone();
+      packedSfixed32_ = other.packedSfixed32_.Clone();
+      packedSfixed64_ = other.packedSfixed64_.Clone();
+      packedFloat_ = other.packedFloat_.Clone();
+      packedDouble_ = other.packedDouble_.Clone();
+      packedBool_ = other.packedBool_.Clone();
+      packedNestedEnum_ = other.packedNestedEnum_.Clone();
+      unpackedInt32_ = other.unpackedInt32_.Clone();
+      unpackedInt64_ = other.unpackedInt64_.Clone();
+      unpackedUint32_ = other.unpackedUint32_.Clone();
+      unpackedUint64_ = other.unpackedUint64_.Clone();
+      unpackedSint32_ = other.unpackedSint32_.Clone();
+      unpackedSint64_ = other.unpackedSint64_.Clone();
+      unpackedFixed32_ = other.unpackedFixed32_.Clone();
+      unpackedFixed64_ = other.unpackedFixed64_.Clone();
+      unpackedSfixed32_ = other.unpackedSfixed32_.Clone();
+      unpackedSfixed64_ = other.unpackedSfixed64_.Clone();
+      unpackedFloat_ = other.unpackedFloat_.Clone();
+      unpackedDouble_ = other.unpackedDouble_.Clone();
+      unpackedBool_ = other.unpackedBool_.Clone();
+      unpackedNestedEnum_ = other.unpackedNestedEnum_.Clone();
+      mapInt32Int32_ = other.mapInt32Int32_.Clone();
+      mapInt64Int64_ = other.mapInt64Int64_.Clone();
+      mapUint32Uint32_ = other.mapUint32Uint32_.Clone();
+      mapUint64Uint64_ = other.mapUint64Uint64_.Clone();
+      mapSint32Sint32_ = other.mapSint32Sint32_.Clone();
+      mapSint64Sint64_ = other.mapSint64Sint64_.Clone();
+      mapFixed32Fixed32_ = other.mapFixed32Fixed32_.Clone();
+      mapFixed64Fixed64_ = other.mapFixed64Fixed64_.Clone();
+      mapSfixed32Sfixed32_ = other.mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.Clone();
+      mapSfixed64Sfixed64_ = other.mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.Clone();
+      mapInt32Float_ = other.mapInt32Float_.Clone();
+      mapInt32Double_ = other.mapInt32Double_.Clone();
+      mapBoolBool_ = other.mapBoolBool_.Clone();
+      mapStringString_ = other.mapStringString_.Clone();
+      mapStringBytes_ = other.mapStringBytes_.Clone();
+      mapStringNestedMessage_ = other.mapStringNestedMessage_.Clone();
+      mapStringForeignMessage_ = other.mapStringForeignMessage_.Clone();
+      mapStringNestedEnum_ = other.mapStringNestedEnum_.Clone();
+      mapStringForeignEnum_ = other.mapStringForeignEnum_.Clone();
+      OptionalBoolWrapper = other.OptionalBoolWrapper;
+      OptionalInt32Wrapper = other.OptionalInt32Wrapper;
+      OptionalInt64Wrapper = other.OptionalInt64Wrapper;
+      OptionalUint32Wrapper = other.OptionalUint32Wrapper;
+      OptionalUint64Wrapper = other.OptionalUint64Wrapper;
+      OptionalFloatWrapper = other.OptionalFloatWrapper;
+      OptionalDoubleWrapper = other.OptionalDoubleWrapper;
+      OptionalStringWrapper = other.OptionalStringWrapper;
+      OptionalBytesWrapper = other.OptionalBytesWrapper;
+      repeatedBoolWrapper_ = other.repeatedBoolWrapper_.Clone();
+      repeatedInt32Wrapper_ = other.repeatedInt32Wrapper_.Clone();
+      repeatedInt64Wrapper_ = other.repeatedInt64Wrapper_.Clone();
+      repeatedUint32Wrapper_ = other.repeatedUint32Wrapper_.Clone();
+      repeatedUint64Wrapper_ = other.repeatedUint64Wrapper_.Clone();
+      repeatedFloatWrapper_ = other.repeatedFloatWrapper_.Clone();
+      repeatedDoubleWrapper_ = other.repeatedDoubleWrapper_.Clone();
+      repeatedStringWrapper_ = other.repeatedStringWrapper_.Clone();
+      repeatedBytesWrapper_ = other.repeatedBytesWrapper_.Clone();
+      optionalDuration_ = other.optionalDuration_ != null ? other.optionalDuration_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalTimestamp_ = other.optionalTimestamp_ != null ? other.optionalTimestamp_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalFieldMask_ = other.optionalFieldMask_ != null ? other.optionalFieldMask_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalStruct_ = other.optionalStruct_ != null ? other.optionalStruct_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalAny_ = other.optionalAny_ != null ? other.optionalAny_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalValue_ = other.optionalValue_ != null ? other.optionalValue_.Clone() : null;
+      repeatedDuration_ = other.repeatedDuration_.Clone();
+      repeatedTimestamp_ = other.repeatedTimestamp_.Clone();
+      repeatedFieldmask_ = other.repeatedFieldmask_.Clone();
+      repeatedStruct_ = other.repeatedStruct_.Clone();
+      repeatedAny_ = other.repeatedAny_.Clone();
+      repeatedValue_ = other.repeatedValue_.Clone();
+      repeatedListValue_ = other.repeatedListValue_.Clone();
+      fieldname1_ = other.fieldname1_;
+      fieldName2_ = other.fieldName2_;
+      FieldName3_ = other.FieldName3_;
+      fieldName4_ = other.fieldName4_;
+      field0Name5_ = other.field0Name5_;
+      field0Name6_ = other.field0Name6_;
+      fieldName7_ = other.fieldName7_;
+      fieldName8_ = other.fieldName8_;
+      fieldName9_ = other.fieldName9_;
+      fieldName10_ = other.fieldName10_;
+      fIELDNAME11_ = other.fIELDNAME11_;
+      fIELDName12_ = other.fIELDName12_;
+      FieldName13_ = other.FieldName13_;
+      FieldName14_ = other.FieldName14_;
+      fieldName15_ = other.fieldName15_;
+      fieldName16_ = other.fieldName16_;
+      fieldName17_ = other.fieldName17_;
+      fieldName18_ = other.fieldName18_;
+      switch (other.OneofFieldCase) {
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32:
+          OneofUint32 = other.OneofUint32;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage:
+          OneofNestedMessage = other.OneofNestedMessage.Clone();
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString:
+          OneofString = other.OneofString;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes:
+          OneofBytes = other.OneofBytes;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBool:
+          OneofBool = other.OneofBool;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint64:
+          OneofUint64 = other.OneofUint64;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofFloat:
+          OneofFloat = other.OneofFloat;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofDouble:
+          OneofDouble = other.OneofDouble;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofEnum:
+          OneofEnum = other.OneofEnum;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllTypesProto3 Clone() {
+      return new TestAllTypesProto3(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalInt32FieldNumber = 1;
+    private int optionalInt32_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Singular
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OptionalInt32 {
+      get { return optionalInt32_; }
+      set {
+        optionalInt32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalInt64FieldNumber = 2;
+    private long optionalInt64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long OptionalInt64 {
+      get { return optionalInt64_; }
+      set {
+        optionalInt64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalUint32FieldNumber = 3;
+    private uint optionalUint32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint OptionalUint32 {
+      get { return optionalUint32_; }
+      set {
+        optionalUint32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalUint64FieldNumber = 4;
+    private ulong optionalUint64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong OptionalUint64 {
+      get { return optionalUint64_; }
+      set {
+        optionalUint64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalSint32FieldNumber = 5;
+    private int optionalSint32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OptionalSint32 {
+      get { return optionalSint32_; }
+      set {
+        optionalSint32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalSint64FieldNumber = 6;
+    private long optionalSint64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long OptionalSint64 {
+      get { return optionalSint64_; }
+      set {
+        optionalSint64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalFixed32FieldNumber = 7;
+    private uint optionalFixed32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint OptionalFixed32 {
+      get { return optionalFixed32_; }
+      set {
+        optionalFixed32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalFixed64FieldNumber = 8;
+    private ulong optionalFixed64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong OptionalFixed64 {
+      get { return optionalFixed64_; }
+      set {
+        optionalFixed64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalSfixed32FieldNumber = 9;
+    private int optionalSfixed32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OptionalSfixed32 {
+      get { return optionalSfixed32_; }
+      set {
+        optionalSfixed32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalSfixed64FieldNumber = 10;
+    private long optionalSfixed64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long OptionalSfixed64 {
+      get { return optionalSfixed64_; }
+      set {
+        optionalSfixed64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalFloatFieldNumber = 11;
+    private float optionalFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float OptionalFloat {
+      get { return optionalFloat_; }
+      set {
+        optionalFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalDoubleFieldNumber = 12;
+    private double optionalDouble_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double OptionalDouble {
+      get { return optionalDouble_; }
+      set {
+        optionalDouble_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalBoolFieldNumber = 13;
+    private bool optionalBool_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool OptionalBool {
+      get { return optionalBool_; }
+      set {
+        optionalBool_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalStringFieldNumber = 14;
+    private string optionalString_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OptionalString {
+      get { return optionalString_; }
+      set {
+        optionalString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalBytesFieldNumber = 15;
+    private pb::ByteString optionalBytes_ = pb::ByteString.Empty;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString OptionalBytes {
+      get { return optionalBytes_; }
+      set {
+        optionalBytes_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalNestedMessageFieldNumber = 18;
+    private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage optionalNestedMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage OptionalNestedMessage {
+      get { return optionalNestedMessage_; }
+      set {
+        optionalNestedMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_foreign_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalForeignMessageFieldNumber = 19;
+    private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage optionalForeignMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage OptionalForeignMessage {
+      get { return optionalForeignMessage_; }
+      set {
+        optionalForeignMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalNestedEnumFieldNumber = 21;
+    private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum optionalNestedEnum_ = global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum.Foo;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum OptionalNestedEnum {
+      get { return optionalNestedEnum_; }
+      set {
+        optionalNestedEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_foreign_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalForeignEnumFieldNumber = 22;
+    private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum optionalForeignEnum_ = global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum OptionalForeignEnum {
+      get { return optionalForeignEnum_; }
+      set {
+        optionalForeignEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_aliased_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalAliasedEnumFieldNumber = 23;
+    private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.AliasedEnum optionalAliasedEnum_ = global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.AliasedEnum.AliasFoo;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.AliasedEnum OptionalAliasedEnum {
+      get { return optionalAliasedEnum_; }
+      set {
+        optionalAliasedEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_string_piece" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalStringPieceFieldNumber = 24;
+    private string optionalStringPiece_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OptionalStringPiece {
+      get { return optionalStringPiece_; }
+      set {
+        optionalStringPiece_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_cord" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalCordFieldNumber = 25;
+    private string optionalCord_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OptionalCord {
+      get { return optionalCord_; }
+      set {
+        optionalCord_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "recursive_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RecursiveMessageFieldNumber = 27;
+    private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3 recursiveMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3 RecursiveMessage {
+      get { return recursiveMessage_; }
+      set {
+        recursiveMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt32FieldNumber = 31;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(250);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Repeated
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedInt32 {
+      get { return repeatedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt64FieldNumber = 32;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(258);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> repeatedInt64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> RepeatedInt64 {
+      get { return repeatedInt64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedUint32FieldNumber = 33;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_repeatedUint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(266);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> repeatedUint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> RepeatedUint32 {
+      get { return repeatedUint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedUint64FieldNumber = 34;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(274);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> repeatedUint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> RepeatedUint64 {
+      get { return repeatedUint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSint32FieldNumber = 35;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedSint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(282);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedSint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedSint32 {
+      get { return repeatedSint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSint64FieldNumber = 36;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_repeatedSint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(290);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> repeatedSint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> RepeatedSint64 {
+      get { return repeatedSint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFixed32FieldNumber = 37;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(298);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> repeatedFixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> RepeatedFixed32 {
+      get { return repeatedFixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFixed64FieldNumber = 38;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(306);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> repeatedFixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> RepeatedFixed64 {
+      get { return repeatedFixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSfixed32FieldNumber = 39;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(314);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedSfixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedSfixed32 {
+      get { return repeatedSfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSfixed64FieldNumber = 40;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(322);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> repeatedSfixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> RepeatedSfixed64 {
+      get { return repeatedSfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFloatFieldNumber = 41;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float> _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(330);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float> repeatedFloat_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float> RepeatedFloat {
+      get { return repeatedFloat_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedDoubleFieldNumber = 42;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double> _repeated_repeatedDouble_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(338);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<double> repeatedDouble_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<double> RepeatedDouble {
+      get { return repeatedDouble_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedBoolFieldNumber = 43;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool> _repeated_repeatedBool_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(346);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<bool> repeatedBool_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<bool> RepeatedBool {
+      get { return repeatedBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedStringFieldNumber = 44;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedString_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(354);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedString_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedString {
+      get { return repeatedString_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedBytesFieldNumber = 45;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<pb::ByteString> _repeated_repeatedBytes_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBytes(362);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> repeatedBytes_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> RepeatedBytes {
+      get { return repeatedBytes_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedNestedMessageFieldNumber = 48;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage> _repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(386, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage> repeatedNestedMessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage> RepeatedNestedMessage {
+      get { return repeatedNestedMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_foreign_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedForeignMessageFieldNumber = 49;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage> _repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(394, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage> repeatedForeignMessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage> RepeatedForeignMessage {
+      get { return repeatedForeignMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedNestedEnumFieldNumber = 51;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum> _repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(410, x => (int) x, x => (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum> repeatedNestedEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum> RepeatedNestedEnum {
+      get { return repeatedNestedEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_foreign_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedForeignEnumFieldNumber = 52;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum> _repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(418, x => (int) x, x => (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum> repeatedForeignEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum> RepeatedForeignEnum {
+      get { return repeatedForeignEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_string_piece" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedStringPieceFieldNumber = 54;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedStringPiece_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(434);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedStringPiece_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedStringPiece {
+      get { return repeatedStringPiece_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_cord" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedCordFieldNumber = 55;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedCord_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(442);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedCord_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedCord {
+      get { return repeatedCord_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedInt32FieldNumber = 75;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_packedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(602);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> packedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Packed
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PackedInt32 {
+      get { return packedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedInt64FieldNumber = 76;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_packedInt64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(610);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> packedInt64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> PackedInt64 {
+      get { return packedInt64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedUint32FieldNumber = 77;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_packedUint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(618);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> packedUint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> PackedUint32 {
+      get { return packedUint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedUint64FieldNumber = 78;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_packedUint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(626);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> packedUint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> PackedUint64 {
+      get { return packedUint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSint32FieldNumber = 79;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_packedSint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(634);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> packedSint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PackedSint32 {
+      get { return packedSint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSint64FieldNumber = 80;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_packedSint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(642);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> packedSint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> PackedSint64 {
+      get { return packedSint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedFixed32FieldNumber = 81;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_packedFixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(650);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> packedFixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> PackedFixed32 {
+      get { return packedFixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedFixed64FieldNumber = 82;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_packedFixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(658);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> packedFixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> PackedFixed64 {
+      get { return packedFixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSfixed32FieldNumber = 83;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_packedSfixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(666);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> packedSfixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PackedSfixed32 {
+      get { return packedSfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSfixed64FieldNumber = 84;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_packedSfixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(674);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> packedSfixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> PackedSfixed64 {
+      get { return packedSfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedFloatFieldNumber = 85;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float> _repeated_packedFloat_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(682);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float> packedFloat_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float> PackedFloat {
+      get { return packedFloat_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedDoubleFieldNumber = 86;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double> _repeated_packedDouble_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(690);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<double> packedDouble_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<double> PackedDouble {
+      get { return packedDouble_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedBoolFieldNumber = 87;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool> _repeated_packedBool_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(698);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<bool> packedBool_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<bool> PackedBool {
+      get { return packedBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedNestedEnumFieldNumber = 88;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum> _repeated_packedNestedEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(706, x => (int) x, x => (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum> packedNestedEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum> PackedNestedEnum {
+      get { return packedNestedEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedInt32FieldNumber = 89;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_unpackedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(712);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> unpackedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Unpacked
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> UnpackedInt32 {
+      get { return unpackedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedInt64FieldNumber = 90;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_unpackedInt64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(720);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> unpackedInt64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> UnpackedInt64 {
+      get { return unpackedInt64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedUint32FieldNumber = 91;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_unpackedUint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(728);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> unpackedUint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> UnpackedUint32 {
+      get { return unpackedUint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedUint64FieldNumber = 92;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_unpackedUint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(736);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> unpackedUint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> UnpackedUint64 {
+      get { return unpackedUint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSint32FieldNumber = 93;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_unpackedSint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(744);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> unpackedSint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> UnpackedSint32 {
+      get { return unpackedSint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSint64FieldNumber = 94;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_unpackedSint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(752);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> unpackedSint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> UnpackedSint64 {
+      get { return unpackedSint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedFixed32FieldNumber = 95;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(765);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> unpackedFixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> UnpackedFixed32 {
+      get { return unpackedFixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedFixed64FieldNumber = 96;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(769);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> unpackedFixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> UnpackedFixed64 {
+      get { return unpackedFixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSfixed32FieldNumber = 97;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(781);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> unpackedSfixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> UnpackedSfixed32 {
+      get { return unpackedSfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSfixed64FieldNumber = 98;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(785);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> unpackedSfixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> UnpackedSfixed64 {
+      get { return unpackedSfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedFloatFieldNumber = 99;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float> _repeated_unpackedFloat_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(797);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float> unpackedFloat_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float> UnpackedFloat {
+      get { return unpackedFloat_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedDoubleFieldNumber = 100;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double> _repeated_unpackedDouble_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(801);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<double> unpackedDouble_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<double> UnpackedDouble {
+      get { return unpackedDouble_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedBoolFieldNumber = 101;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool> _repeated_unpackedBool_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(808);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<bool> unpackedBool_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<bool> UnpackedBool {
+      get { return unpackedBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedNestedEnumFieldNumber = 102;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum> _repeated_unpackedNestedEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(816, x => (int) x, x => (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum> unpackedNestedEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum> UnpackedNestedEnum {
+      get { return unpackedNestedEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32Int32FieldNumber = 56;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_mapInt32Int32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(16, 0), 450);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> mapInt32Int32_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Map
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> MapInt32Int32 {
+      get { return mapInt32Int32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int64_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt64Int64FieldNumber = 57;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec _map_mapInt64Int64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(8, 0L), pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(16, 0L), 458);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<long, long> mapInt64Int64_ = new pbc::MapField<long, long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<long, long> MapInt64Int64 {
+      get { return mapInt64Int64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_uint32_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapUint32Uint32FieldNumber = 58;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec _map_mapUint32Uint32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(16, 0), 466);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint> mapUint32Uint32_ = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<uint, uint> MapUint32Uint32 {
+      get { return mapUint32Uint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_uint64_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapUint64Uint64FieldNumber = 59;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec _map_mapUint64Uint64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(8, 0UL), pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(16, 0UL), 474);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> mapUint64Uint64_ = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> MapUint64Uint64 {
+      get { return mapUint64Uint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sint32_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSint32Sint32FieldNumber = 60;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_mapSint32Sint32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(16, 0), 482);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> mapSint32Sint32_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> MapSint32Sint32 {
+      get { return mapSint32Sint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sint64_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSint64Sint64FieldNumber = 61;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec _map_mapSint64Sint64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(8, 0L), pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(16, 0L), 490);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<long, long> mapSint64Sint64_ = new pbc::MapField<long, long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<long, long> MapSint64Sint64 {
+      get { return mapSint64Sint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_fixed32_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapFixed32Fixed32FieldNumber = 62;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec _map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(13, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(21, 0), 498);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<uint, uint> mapFixed32Fixed32_ = new pbc::MapField<uint, uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<uint, uint> MapFixed32Fixed32 {
+      get { return mapFixed32Fixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_fixed64_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapFixed64Fixed64FieldNumber = 63;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec _map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(9, 0UL), pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(17, 0UL), 506);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> mapFixed64Fixed64_ = new pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<ulong, ulong> MapFixed64Fixed64 {
+      get { return mapFixed64Fixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sfixed32_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSfixed32Sfixed32FieldNumber = 64;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec _map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(13, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(21, 0), 514);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int> mapSfixed32Sfixed32_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int> MapSfixed32Sfixed32 {
+      get { return mapSfixed32Sfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_sfixed64_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapSfixed64Sfixed64FieldNumber = 65;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec _map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<long, long>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(9, 0L), pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(17, 0L), 522);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<long, long> mapSfixed64Sfixed64_ = new pbc::MapField<long, long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<long, long> MapSfixed64Sfixed64 {
+      get { return mapSfixed64Sfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32FloatFieldNumber = 66;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, float>.Codec _map_mapInt32Float_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, float>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(21, 0F), 530);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, float> mapInt32Float_ = new pbc::MapField<int, float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, float> MapInt32Float {
+      get { return mapInt32Float_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_int32_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapInt32DoubleFieldNumber = 67;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, double>.Codec _map_mapInt32Double_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, double>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(17, 0D), 538);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, double> mapInt32Double_ = new pbc::MapField<int, double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, double> MapInt32Double {
+      get { return mapInt32Double_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_bool_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapBoolBoolFieldNumber = 68;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<bool, bool>.Codec _map_mapBoolBool_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<bool, bool>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(8, false), pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(16, false), 546);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<bool, bool> mapBoolBool_ = new pbc::MapField<bool, bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<bool, bool> MapBoolBool {
+      get { return mapBoolBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_string_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapStringStringFieldNumber = 69;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, string>.Codec _map_mapStringString_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, string>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForString(18, ""), 554);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, string> mapStringString_ = new pbc::MapField<string, string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, string> MapStringString {
+      get { return mapStringString_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_string_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapStringBytesFieldNumber = 70;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, pb::ByteString>.Codec _map_mapStringBytes_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, pb::ByteString>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForBytes(18, pb::ByteString.Empty), 562);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, pb::ByteString> mapStringBytes_ = new pbc::MapField<string, pb::ByteString>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, pb::ByteString> MapStringBytes {
+      get { return mapStringBytes_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_string_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapStringNestedMessageFieldNumber = 71;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage>.Codec _map_mapStringNestedMessage_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage.Parser), 570);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage> mapStringNestedMessage_ = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage> MapStringNestedMessage {
+      get { return mapStringNestedMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_string_foreign_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapStringForeignMessageFieldNumber = 72;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage>.Codec _map_mapStringForeignMessage_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage.Parser), 578);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage> mapStringForeignMessage_ = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage> MapStringForeignMessage {
+      get { return mapStringForeignMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_string_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapStringNestedEnumFieldNumber = 73;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum>.Codec _map_mapStringNestedEnum_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(16, x => (int) x, x => (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum) x, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum.Foo), 586);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum> mapStringNestedEnum_ = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum> MapStringNestedEnum {
+      get { return mapStringNestedEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_string_foreign_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapStringForeignEnumFieldNumber = 74;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum>.Codec _map_mapStringForeignEnum_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(16, x => (int) x, x => (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum) x, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo), 594);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum> mapStringForeignEnum_ = new pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum> MapStringForeignEnum {
+      get { return mapStringForeignEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofUint32FieldNumber = 111;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint OneofUint32 {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32 ? (uint) oneofField_ : 0; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofNestedMessageFieldNumber = 112;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage OneofNestedMessage {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage ? (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage) oneofField_ : null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofStringFieldNumber = 113;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OneofString {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString ? (string) oneofField_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofBytesFieldNumber = 114;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString OneofBytes {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes ? (pb::ByteString) oneofField_ : pb::ByteString.Empty; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofBoolFieldNumber = 115;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool OneofBool {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBool ? (bool) oneofField_ : false; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBool;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofUint64FieldNumber = 116;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong OneofUint64 {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint64 ? (ulong) oneofField_ : 0UL; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint64;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofFloatFieldNumber = 117;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float OneofFloat {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofFloat ? (float) oneofField_ : 0F; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofFloat;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofDoubleFieldNumber = 118;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double OneofDouble {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofDouble ? (double) oneofField_ : 0D; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofDouble;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofEnumFieldNumber = 119;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum OneofEnum {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofEnum ? (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum) oneofField_ : global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum.Foo; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofEnum;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_bool_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalBoolWrapperFieldNumber = 201;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool?> _single_optionalBoolWrapper_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<bool>(1610);
+    private bool? optionalBoolWrapper_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Well-known types
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool? OptionalBoolWrapper {
+      get { return optionalBoolWrapper_; }
+      set {
+        optionalBoolWrapper_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_int32_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalInt32WrapperFieldNumber = 202;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int?> _single_optionalInt32Wrapper_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<int>(1618);
+    private int? optionalInt32Wrapper_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int? OptionalInt32Wrapper {
+      get { return optionalInt32Wrapper_; }
+      set {
+        optionalInt32Wrapper_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_int64_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalInt64WrapperFieldNumber = 203;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_optionalInt64Wrapper_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(1626);
+    private long? optionalInt64Wrapper_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? OptionalInt64Wrapper {
+      get { return optionalInt64Wrapper_; }
+      set {
+        optionalInt64Wrapper_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_uint32_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalUint32WrapperFieldNumber = 204;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint?> _single_optionalUint32Wrapper_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<uint>(1634);
+    private uint? optionalUint32Wrapper_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint? OptionalUint32Wrapper {
+      get { return optionalUint32Wrapper_; }
+      set {
+        optionalUint32Wrapper_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_uint64_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalUint64WrapperFieldNumber = 205;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong?> _single_optionalUint64Wrapper_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<ulong>(1642);
+    private ulong? optionalUint64Wrapper_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong? OptionalUint64Wrapper {
+      get { return optionalUint64Wrapper_; }
+      set {
+        optionalUint64Wrapper_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_float_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalFloatWrapperFieldNumber = 206;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float?> _single_optionalFloatWrapper_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<float>(1650);
+    private float? optionalFloatWrapper_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float? OptionalFloatWrapper {
+      get { return optionalFloatWrapper_; }
+      set {
+        optionalFloatWrapper_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_double_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalDoubleWrapperFieldNumber = 207;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_optionalDoubleWrapper_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(1658);
+    private double? optionalDoubleWrapper_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? OptionalDoubleWrapper {
+      get { return optionalDoubleWrapper_; }
+      set {
+        optionalDoubleWrapper_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_string_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalStringWrapperFieldNumber = 208;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _single_optionalStringWrapper_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<string>(1666);
+    private string optionalStringWrapper_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OptionalStringWrapper {
+      get { return optionalStringWrapper_; }
+      set {
+        optionalStringWrapper_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_bytes_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalBytesWrapperFieldNumber = 209;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<pb::ByteString> _single_optionalBytesWrapper_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<pb::ByteString>(1674);
+    private pb::ByteString optionalBytesWrapper_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString OptionalBytesWrapper {
+      get { return optionalBytesWrapper_; }
+      set {
+        optionalBytesWrapper_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_bool_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedBoolWrapperFieldNumber = 211;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool?> _repeated_repeatedBoolWrapper_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<bool>(1690);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<bool?> repeatedBoolWrapper_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<bool?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<bool?> RepeatedBoolWrapper {
+      get { return repeatedBoolWrapper_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int32_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt32WrapperFieldNumber = 212;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int?> _repeated_repeatedInt32Wrapper_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<int>(1698);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int?> repeatedInt32Wrapper_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int?> RepeatedInt32Wrapper {
+      get { return repeatedInt32Wrapper_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int64_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt64WrapperFieldNumber = 213;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _repeated_repeatedInt64Wrapper_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(1706);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long?> repeatedInt64Wrapper_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long?> RepeatedInt64Wrapper {
+      get { return repeatedInt64Wrapper_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_uint32_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedUint32WrapperFieldNumber = 214;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint?> _repeated_repeatedUint32Wrapper_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<uint>(1714);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint?> repeatedUint32Wrapper_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint?> RepeatedUint32Wrapper {
+      get { return repeatedUint32Wrapper_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_uint64_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedUint64WrapperFieldNumber = 215;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong?> _repeated_repeatedUint64Wrapper_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<ulong>(1722);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong?> repeatedUint64Wrapper_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong?> RepeatedUint64Wrapper {
+      get { return repeatedUint64Wrapper_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_float_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFloatWrapperFieldNumber = 216;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float?> _repeated_repeatedFloatWrapper_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<float>(1730);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float?> repeatedFloatWrapper_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float?> RepeatedFloatWrapper {
+      get { return repeatedFloatWrapper_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_double_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedDoubleWrapperFieldNumber = 217;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _repeated_repeatedDoubleWrapper_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(1738);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<double?> repeatedDoubleWrapper_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<double?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<double?> RepeatedDoubleWrapper {
+      get { return repeatedDoubleWrapper_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_string_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedStringWrapperFieldNumber = 218;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedStringWrapper_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<string>(1746);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedStringWrapper_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedStringWrapper {
+      get { return repeatedStringWrapper_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_bytes_wrapper" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedBytesWrapperFieldNumber = 219;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<pb::ByteString> _repeated_repeatedBytesWrapper_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<pb::ByteString>(1754);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> repeatedBytesWrapper_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> RepeatedBytesWrapper {
+      get { return repeatedBytesWrapper_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_duration" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalDurationFieldNumber = 301;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration optionalDuration_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration OptionalDuration {
+      get { return optionalDuration_; }
+      set {
+        optionalDuration_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_timestamp" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalTimestampFieldNumber = 302;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp optionalTimestamp_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp OptionalTimestamp {
+      get { return optionalTimestamp_; }
+      set {
+        optionalTimestamp_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_field_mask" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalFieldMaskFieldNumber = 303;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask optionalFieldMask_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask OptionalFieldMask {
+      get { return optionalFieldMask_; }
+      set {
+        optionalFieldMask_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_struct" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalStructFieldNumber = 304;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct optionalStruct_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct OptionalStruct {
+      get { return optionalStruct_; }
+      set {
+        optionalStruct_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_any" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalAnyFieldNumber = 305;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any optionalAny_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any OptionalAny {
+      get { return optionalAny_; }
+      set {
+        optionalAny_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalValueFieldNumber = 306;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value optionalValue_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value OptionalValue {
+      get { return optionalValue_; }
+      set {
+        optionalValue_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_duration" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedDurationFieldNumber = 311;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration> _repeated_repeatedDuration_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(2490, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration> repeatedDuration_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration> RepeatedDuration {
+      get { return repeatedDuration_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_timestamp" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedTimestampFieldNumber = 312;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp> _repeated_repeatedTimestamp_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(2498, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp> repeatedTimestamp_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp> RepeatedTimestamp {
+      get { return repeatedTimestamp_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_fieldmask" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFieldmaskFieldNumber = 313;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask> _repeated_repeatedFieldmask_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(2506, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask> repeatedFieldmask_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask> RepeatedFieldmask {
+      get { return repeatedFieldmask_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_struct" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedStructFieldNumber = 324;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct> _repeated_repeatedStruct_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(2594, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct> repeatedStruct_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct> RepeatedStruct {
+      get { return repeatedStruct_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_any" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedAnyFieldNumber = 315;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any> _repeated_repeatedAny_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(2522, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any> repeatedAny_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any> RepeatedAny {
+      get { return repeatedAny_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedValueFieldNumber = 316;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value> _repeated_repeatedValue_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(2530, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value> repeatedValue_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value> RepeatedValue {
+      get { return repeatedValue_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_list_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedListValueFieldNumber = 317;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ListValue> _repeated_repeatedListValue_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(2538, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ListValue.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ListValue> repeatedListValue_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ListValue>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ListValue> RepeatedListValue {
+      get { return repeatedListValue_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "fieldname1" field.</summary>
+    public const int Fieldname1FieldNumber = 401;
+    private int fieldname1_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Test field-name-to-JSON-name convention.
+    /// (protobuf says names can be any valid C/C++ identifier.)
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Fieldname1 {
+      get { return fieldname1_; }
+      set {
+        fieldname1_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field_name2" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName2FieldNumber = 402;
+    private int fieldName2_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName2 {
+      get { return fieldName2_; }
+      set {
+        fieldName2_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "_field_name3" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName3FieldNumber = 403;
+    private int FieldName3_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName3 {
+      get { return FieldName3_; }
+      set {
+        FieldName3_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field__name4_" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName4FieldNumber = 404;
+    private int fieldName4_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName4 {
+      get { return fieldName4_; }
+      set {
+        fieldName4_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field0name5" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field0Name5FieldNumber = 405;
+    private int field0Name5_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field0Name5 {
+      get { return field0Name5_; }
+      set {
+        field0Name5_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field_0_name6" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field0Name6FieldNumber = 406;
+    private int field0Name6_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field0Name6 {
+      get { return field0Name6_; }
+      set {
+        field0Name6_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "fieldName7" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName7FieldNumber = 407;
+    private int fieldName7_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName7 {
+      get { return fieldName7_; }
+      set {
+        fieldName7_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "FieldName8" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName8FieldNumber = 408;
+    private int fieldName8_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName8 {
+      get { return fieldName8_; }
+      set {
+        fieldName8_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field_Name9" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName9FieldNumber = 409;
+    private int fieldName9_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName9 {
+      get { return fieldName9_; }
+      set {
+        fieldName9_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "Field_Name10" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName10FieldNumber = 410;
+    private int fieldName10_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName10 {
+      get { return fieldName10_; }
+      set {
+        fieldName10_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "FIELD_NAME11" field.</summary>
+    public const int FIELDNAME11FieldNumber = 411;
+    private int fIELDNAME11_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FIELDNAME11 {
+      get { return fIELDNAME11_; }
+      set {
+        fIELDNAME11_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "FIELD_name12" field.</summary>
+    public const int FIELDName12FieldNumber = 412;
+    private int fIELDName12_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FIELDName12 {
+      get { return fIELDName12_; }
+      set {
+        fIELDName12_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "__field_name13" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName13FieldNumber = 413;
+    private int FieldName13_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName13 {
+      get { return FieldName13_; }
+      set {
+        FieldName13_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "__Field_name14" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName14FieldNumber = 414;
+    private int FieldName14_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName14 {
+      get { return FieldName14_; }
+      set {
+        FieldName14_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field__name15" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName15FieldNumber = 415;
+    private int fieldName15_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName15 {
+      get { return fieldName15_; }
+      set {
+        fieldName15_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field__Name16" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName16FieldNumber = 416;
+    private int fieldName16_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName16 {
+      get { return fieldName16_; }
+      set {
+        fieldName16_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field_name17__" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName17FieldNumber = 417;
+    private int fieldName17_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName17 {
+      get { return fieldName17_; }
+      set {
+        fieldName17_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "Field_name18__" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName18FieldNumber = 418;
+    private int fieldName18_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName18 {
+      get { return fieldName18_; }
+      set {
+        fieldName18_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object oneofField_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "oneof_field" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum OneofFieldOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      OneofUint32 = 111,
+      OneofNestedMessage = 112,
+      OneofString = 113,
+      OneofBytes = 114,
+      OneofBool = 115,
+      OneofUint64 = 116,
+      OneofFloat = 117,
+      OneofDouble = 118,
+      OneofEnum = 119,
+    }
+    private OneofFieldOneofCase oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofFieldOneofCase OneofFieldCase {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofField() {
+      oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.None;
+      oneofField_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestAllTypesProto3);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestAllTypesProto3 other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (OptionalInt32 != other.OptionalInt32) return false;
+      if (OptionalInt64 != other.OptionalInt64) return false;
+      if (OptionalUint32 != other.OptionalUint32) return false;
+      if (OptionalUint64 != other.OptionalUint64) return false;
+      if (OptionalSint32 != other.OptionalSint32) return false;
+      if (OptionalSint64 != other.OptionalSint64) return false;
+      if (OptionalFixed32 != other.OptionalFixed32) return false;
+      if (OptionalFixed64 != other.OptionalFixed64) return false;
+      if (OptionalSfixed32 != other.OptionalSfixed32) return false;
+      if (OptionalSfixed64 != other.OptionalSfixed64) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(OptionalFloat, other.OptionalFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(OptionalDouble, other.OptionalDouble)) return false;
+      if (OptionalBool != other.OptionalBool) return false;
+      if (OptionalString != other.OptionalString) return false;
+      if (OptionalBytes != other.OptionalBytes) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalNestedMessage, other.OptionalNestedMessage)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalForeignMessage, other.OptionalForeignMessage)) return false;
+      if (OptionalNestedEnum != other.OptionalNestedEnum) return false;
+      if (OptionalForeignEnum != other.OptionalForeignEnum) return false;
+      if (OptionalAliasedEnum != other.OptionalAliasedEnum) return false;
+      if (OptionalStringPiece != other.OptionalStringPiece) return false;
+      if (OptionalCord != other.OptionalCord) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(RecursiveMessage, other.RecursiveMessage)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt32_.Equals(other.repeatedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt64_.Equals(other.repeatedInt64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedUint32_.Equals(other.repeatedUint32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedUint64_.Equals(other.repeatedUint64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSint32_.Equals(other.repeatedSint32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSint64_.Equals(other.repeatedSint64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFixed32_.Equals(other.repeatedFixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFixed64_.Equals(other.repeatedFixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSfixed32_.Equals(other.repeatedSfixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSfixed64_.Equals(other.repeatedSfixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFloat_.Equals(other.repeatedFloat_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedDouble_.Equals(other.repeatedDouble_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedBool_.Equals(other.repeatedBool_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedString_.Equals(other.repeatedString_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedBytes_.Equals(other.repeatedBytes_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedNestedMessage_.Equals(other.repeatedNestedMessage_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedForeignMessage_.Equals(other.repeatedForeignMessage_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedNestedEnum_.Equals(other.repeatedNestedEnum_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedForeignEnum_.Equals(other.repeatedForeignEnum_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedStringPiece_.Equals(other.repeatedStringPiece_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedCord_.Equals(other.repeatedCord_)) return false;
+      if(!packedInt32_.Equals(other.packedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedInt64_.Equals(other.packedInt64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedUint32_.Equals(other.packedUint32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedUint64_.Equals(other.packedUint64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSint32_.Equals(other.packedSint32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSint64_.Equals(other.packedSint64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedFixed32_.Equals(other.packedFixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedFixed64_.Equals(other.packedFixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSfixed32_.Equals(other.packedSfixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSfixed64_.Equals(other.packedSfixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedFloat_.Equals(other.packedFloat_)) return false;
+      if(!packedDouble_.Equals(other.packedDouble_)) return false;
+      if(!packedBool_.Equals(other.packedBool_)) return false;
+      if(!packedNestedEnum_.Equals(other.packedNestedEnum_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedInt32_.Equals(other.unpackedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedInt64_.Equals(other.unpackedInt64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedUint32_.Equals(other.unpackedUint32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedUint64_.Equals(other.unpackedUint64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSint32_.Equals(other.unpackedSint32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSint64_.Equals(other.unpackedSint64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedFixed32_.Equals(other.unpackedFixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedFixed64_.Equals(other.unpackedFixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSfixed32_.Equals(other.unpackedSfixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSfixed64_.Equals(other.unpackedSfixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedFloat_.Equals(other.unpackedFloat_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedDouble_.Equals(other.unpackedDouble_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedBool_.Equals(other.unpackedBool_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedNestedEnum_.Equals(other.unpackedNestedEnum_)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32Int32.Equals(other.MapInt32Int32)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt64Int64.Equals(other.MapInt64Int64)) return false;
+      if (!MapUint32Uint32.Equals(other.MapUint32Uint32)) return false;
+      if (!MapUint64Uint64.Equals(other.MapUint64Uint64)) return false;
+      if (!MapSint32Sint32.Equals(other.MapSint32Sint32)) return false;
+      if (!MapSint64Sint64.Equals(other.MapSint64Sint64)) return false;
+      if (!MapFixed32Fixed32.Equals(other.MapFixed32Fixed32)) return false;
+      if (!MapFixed64Fixed64.Equals(other.MapFixed64Fixed64)) return false;
+      if (!MapSfixed32Sfixed32.Equals(other.MapSfixed32Sfixed32)) return false;
+      if (!MapSfixed64Sfixed64.Equals(other.MapSfixed64Sfixed64)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32Float.Equals(other.MapInt32Float)) return false;
+      if (!MapInt32Double.Equals(other.MapInt32Double)) return false;
+      if (!MapBoolBool.Equals(other.MapBoolBool)) return false;
+      if (!MapStringString.Equals(other.MapStringString)) return false;
+      if (!MapStringBytes.Equals(other.MapStringBytes)) return false;
+      if (!MapStringNestedMessage.Equals(other.MapStringNestedMessage)) return false;
+      if (!MapStringForeignMessage.Equals(other.MapStringForeignMessage)) return false;
+      if (!MapStringNestedEnum.Equals(other.MapStringNestedEnum)) return false;
+      if (!MapStringForeignEnum.Equals(other.MapStringForeignEnum)) return false;
+      if (OneofUint32 != other.OneofUint32) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OneofNestedMessage, other.OneofNestedMessage)) return false;
+      if (OneofString != other.OneofString) return false;
+      if (OneofBytes != other.OneofBytes) return false;
+      if (OneofBool != other.OneofBool) return false;
+      if (OneofUint64 != other.OneofUint64) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(OneofFloat, other.OneofFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(OneofDouble, other.OneofDouble)) return false;
+      if (OneofEnum != other.OneofEnum) return false;
+      if (OptionalBoolWrapper != other.OptionalBoolWrapper) return false;
+      if (OptionalInt32Wrapper != other.OptionalInt32Wrapper) return false;
+      if (OptionalInt64Wrapper != other.OptionalInt64Wrapper) return false;
+      if (OptionalUint32Wrapper != other.OptionalUint32Wrapper) return false;
+      if (OptionalUint64Wrapper != other.OptionalUint64Wrapper) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(OptionalFloatWrapper, other.OptionalFloatWrapper)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(OptionalDoubleWrapper, other.OptionalDoubleWrapper)) return false;
+      if (OptionalStringWrapper != other.OptionalStringWrapper) return false;
+      if (OptionalBytesWrapper != other.OptionalBytesWrapper) return false;
+      if(!repeatedBoolWrapper_.Equals(other.repeatedBoolWrapper_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt32Wrapper_.Equals(other.repeatedInt32Wrapper_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt64Wrapper_.Equals(other.repeatedInt64Wrapper_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedUint32Wrapper_.Equals(other.repeatedUint32Wrapper_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedUint64Wrapper_.Equals(other.repeatedUint64Wrapper_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFloatWrapper_.Equals(other.repeatedFloatWrapper_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedDoubleWrapper_.Equals(other.repeatedDoubleWrapper_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedStringWrapper_.Equals(other.repeatedStringWrapper_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedBytesWrapper_.Equals(other.repeatedBytesWrapper_)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalDuration, other.OptionalDuration)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalTimestamp, other.OptionalTimestamp)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalFieldMask, other.OptionalFieldMask)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalStruct, other.OptionalStruct)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalAny, other.OptionalAny)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalValue, other.OptionalValue)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedDuration_.Equals(other.repeatedDuration_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedTimestamp_.Equals(other.repeatedTimestamp_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFieldmask_.Equals(other.repeatedFieldmask_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedStruct_.Equals(other.repeatedStruct_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedAny_.Equals(other.repeatedAny_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedValue_.Equals(other.repeatedValue_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedListValue_.Equals(other.repeatedListValue_)) return false;
+      if (Fieldname1 != other.Fieldname1) return false;
+      if (FieldName2 != other.FieldName2) return false;
+      if (FieldName3 != other.FieldName3) return false;
+      if (FieldName4 != other.FieldName4) return false;
+      if (Field0Name5 != other.Field0Name5) return false;
+      if (Field0Name6 != other.Field0Name6) return false;
+      if (FieldName7 != other.FieldName7) return false;
+      if (FieldName8 != other.FieldName8) return false;
+      if (FieldName9 != other.FieldName9) return false;
+      if (FieldName10 != other.FieldName10) return false;
+      if (FIELDNAME11 != other.FIELDNAME11) return false;
+      if (FIELDName12 != other.FIELDName12) return false;
+      if (FieldName13 != other.FieldName13) return false;
+      if (FieldName14 != other.FieldName14) return false;
+      if (FieldName15 != other.FieldName15) return false;
+      if (FieldName16 != other.FieldName16) return false;
+      if (FieldName17 != other.FieldName17) return false;
+      if (FieldName18 != other.FieldName18) return false;
+      if (OneofFieldCase != other.OneofFieldCase) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (OptionalInt32 != 0) hash ^= OptionalInt32.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalInt64 != 0L) hash ^= OptionalInt64.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalUint32 != 0) hash ^= OptionalUint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalUint64 != 0UL) hash ^= OptionalUint64.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalSint32 != 0) hash ^= OptionalSint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalSint64 != 0L) hash ^= OptionalSint64.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalFixed32 != 0) hash ^= OptionalFixed32.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalFixed64 != 0UL) hash ^= OptionalFixed64.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalSfixed32 != 0) hash ^= OptionalSfixed32.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalSfixed64 != 0L) hash ^= OptionalSfixed64.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalFloat != 0F) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(OptionalFloat);
+      if (OptionalDouble != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(OptionalDouble);
+      if (OptionalBool != false) hash ^= OptionalBool.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalString.Length != 0) hash ^= OptionalString.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalBytes.Length != 0) hash ^= OptionalBytes.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalNestedMessage_ != null) hash ^= OptionalNestedMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalForeignMessage_ != null) hash ^= OptionalForeignMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalNestedEnum != global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum.Foo) hash ^= OptionalNestedEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalForeignEnum != global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo) hash ^= OptionalForeignEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalAliasedEnum != global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.AliasedEnum.AliasFoo) hash ^= OptionalAliasedEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalStringPiece.Length != 0) hash ^= OptionalStringPiece.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalCord.Length != 0) hash ^= OptionalCord.GetHashCode();
+      if (recursiveMessage_ != null) hash ^= RecursiveMessage.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedUint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedUint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSfixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSfixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFloat_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedDouble_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedBool_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedString_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedBytes_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedNestedMessage_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedForeignMessage_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedNestedEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedForeignEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedStringPiece_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedCord_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedInt64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedUint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedUint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedFixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedFixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSfixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSfixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedFloat_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedDouble_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedBool_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedNestedEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedInt64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedUint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedUint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedFixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedFixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSfixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSfixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedFloat_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedDouble_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedBool_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedNestedEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32Int32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt64Int64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapUint32Uint32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapUint64Uint64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSint32Sint32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSint64Sint64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapFixed32Fixed32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapFixed64Fixed64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSfixed32Sfixed32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapSfixed64Sfixed64.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32Float.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapInt32Double.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapBoolBool.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapStringString.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapStringBytes.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapStringNestedMessage.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapStringForeignMessage.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapStringNestedEnum.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= MapStringForeignEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32) hash ^= OneofUint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage) hash ^= OneofNestedMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString) hash ^= OneofString.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes) hash ^= OneofBytes.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBool) hash ^= OneofBool.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint64) hash ^= OneofUint64.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(OneofFloat);
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofDouble) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(OneofDouble);
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofEnum) hash ^= OneofEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalBoolWrapper_ != null) hash ^= OptionalBoolWrapper.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalInt32Wrapper_ != null) hash ^= OptionalInt32Wrapper.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalInt64Wrapper_ != null) hash ^= OptionalInt64Wrapper.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalUint32Wrapper_ != null) hash ^= OptionalUint32Wrapper.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalUint64Wrapper_ != null) hash ^= OptionalUint64Wrapper.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalFloatWrapper_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(OptionalFloatWrapper);
+      if (optionalDoubleWrapper_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(OptionalDoubleWrapper);
+      if (optionalStringWrapper_ != null) hash ^= OptionalStringWrapper.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalBytesWrapper_ != null) hash ^= OptionalBytesWrapper.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedBoolWrapper_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt32Wrapper_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt64Wrapper_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedUint32Wrapper_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedUint64Wrapper_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFloatWrapper_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedDoubleWrapper_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedStringWrapper_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedBytesWrapper_.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalDuration_ != null) hash ^= OptionalDuration.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalTimestamp_ != null) hash ^= OptionalTimestamp.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalFieldMask_ != null) hash ^= OptionalFieldMask.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalStruct_ != null) hash ^= OptionalStruct.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalAny_ != null) hash ^= OptionalAny.GetHashCode();
+      if (optionalValue_ != null) hash ^= OptionalValue.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedDuration_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedTimestamp_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFieldmask_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedStruct_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedAny_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedValue_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedListValue_.GetHashCode();
+      if (Fieldname1 != 0) hash ^= Fieldname1.GetHashCode();
+      if (FieldName2 != 0) hash ^= FieldName2.GetHashCode();
+      if (FieldName3 != 0) hash ^= FieldName3.GetHashCode();
+      if (FieldName4 != 0) hash ^= FieldName4.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field0Name5 != 0) hash ^= Field0Name5.GetHashCode();
+      if (Field0Name6 != 0) hash ^= Field0Name6.GetHashCode();
+      if (FieldName7 != 0) hash ^= FieldName7.GetHashCode();
+      if (FieldName8 != 0) hash ^= FieldName8.GetHashCode();
+      if (FieldName9 != 0) hash ^= FieldName9.GetHashCode();
+      if (FieldName10 != 0) hash ^= FieldName10.GetHashCode();
+      if (FIELDNAME11 != 0) hash ^= FIELDNAME11.GetHashCode();
+      if (FIELDName12 != 0) hash ^= FIELDName12.GetHashCode();
+      if (FieldName13 != 0) hash ^= FieldName13.GetHashCode();
+      if (FieldName14 != 0) hash ^= FieldName14.GetHashCode();
+      if (FieldName15 != 0) hash ^= FieldName15.GetHashCode();
+      if (FieldName16 != 0) hash ^= FieldName16.GetHashCode();
+      if (FieldName17 != 0) hash ^= FieldName17.GetHashCode();
+      if (FieldName18 != 0) hash ^= FieldName18.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) oneofFieldCase_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (OptionalInt32 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(OptionalInt32);
+      }
+      if (OptionalInt64 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt64(OptionalInt64);
+      }
+      if (OptionalUint32 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteUInt32(OptionalUint32);
+      }
+      if (OptionalUint64 != 0UL) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(32);
+        output.WriteUInt64(OptionalUint64);
+      }
+      if (OptionalSint32 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteSInt32(OptionalSint32);
+      }
+      if (OptionalSint64 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(48);
+        output.WriteSInt64(OptionalSint64);
+      }
+      if (OptionalFixed32 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(61);
+        output.WriteFixed32(OptionalFixed32);
+      }
+      if (OptionalFixed64 != 0UL) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(65);
+        output.WriteFixed64(OptionalFixed64);
+      }
+      if (OptionalSfixed32 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(77);
+        output.WriteSFixed32(OptionalSfixed32);
+      }
+      if (OptionalSfixed64 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(81);
+        output.WriteSFixed64(OptionalSfixed64);
+      }
+      if (OptionalFloat != 0F) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(93);
+        output.WriteFloat(OptionalFloat);
+      }
+      if (OptionalDouble != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(97);
+        output.WriteDouble(OptionalDouble);
+      }
+      if (OptionalBool != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(104);
+        output.WriteBool(OptionalBool);
+      }
+      if (OptionalString.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(114);
+        output.WriteString(OptionalString);
+      }
+      if (OptionalBytes.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(122);
+        output.WriteBytes(OptionalBytes);
+      }
+      if (optionalNestedMessage_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(146, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (optionalForeignMessage_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(154, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalForeignMessage);
+      }
+      if (OptionalNestedEnum != global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum.Foo) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(168, 1);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) OptionalNestedEnum);
+      }
+      if (OptionalForeignEnum != global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(176, 1);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) OptionalForeignEnum);
+      }
+      if (OptionalAliasedEnum != global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.AliasedEnum.AliasFoo) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(184, 1);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) OptionalAliasedEnum);
+      }
+      if (OptionalStringPiece.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(194, 1);
+        output.WriteString(OptionalStringPiece);
+      }
+      if (OptionalCord.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(202, 1);
+        output.WriteString(OptionalCord);
+      }
+      if (recursiveMessage_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(218, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(RecursiveMessage);
+      }
+      repeatedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      repeatedInt64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+      repeatedUint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedUint32_codec);
+      repeatedUint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+      repeatedSint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSint32_codec);
+      repeatedSint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSint64_codec);
+      repeatedFixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+      repeatedFixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+      repeatedSfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec);
+      repeatedSfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec);
+      repeatedFloat_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+      repeatedDouble_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedDouble_codec);
+      repeatedBool_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedBool_codec);
+      repeatedString_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedString_codec);
+      repeatedBytes_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedBytes_codec);
+      repeatedNestedMessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec);
+      repeatedForeignMessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec);
+      repeatedNestedEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec);
+      repeatedForeignEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec);
+      repeatedStringPiece_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedStringPiece_codec);
+      repeatedCord_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedCord_codec);
+      mapInt32Int32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Int32_codec);
+      mapInt64Int64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt64Int64_codec);
+      mapUint32Uint32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapUint32Uint32_codec);
+      mapUint64Uint64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapUint64Uint64_codec);
+      mapSint32Sint32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSint32Sint32_codec);
+      mapSint64Sint64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSint64Sint64_codec);
+      mapFixed32Fixed32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec);
+      mapFixed64Fixed64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec);
+      mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec);
+      mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec);
+      mapInt32Float_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Float_codec);
+      mapInt32Double_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapInt32Double_codec);
+      mapBoolBool_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapBoolBool_codec);
+      mapStringString_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapStringString_codec);
+      mapStringBytes_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapStringBytes_codec);
+      mapStringNestedMessage_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapStringNestedMessage_codec);
+      mapStringForeignMessage_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapStringForeignMessage_codec);
+      mapStringNestedEnum_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapStringNestedEnum_codec);
+      mapStringForeignEnum_.WriteTo(output, _map_mapStringForeignEnum_codec);
+      packedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+      packedInt64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedInt64_codec);
+      packedUint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedUint32_codec);
+      packedUint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedUint64_codec);
+      packedSint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSint32_codec);
+      packedSint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSint64_codec);
+      packedFixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedFixed32_codec);
+      packedFixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedFixed64_codec);
+      packedSfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSfixed32_codec);
+      packedSfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSfixed64_codec);
+      packedFloat_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedFloat_codec);
+      packedDouble_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedDouble_codec);
+      packedBool_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedBool_codec);
+      packedNestedEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedNestedEnum_codec);
+      unpackedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedInt32_codec);
+      unpackedInt64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedInt64_codec);
+      unpackedUint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedUint32_codec);
+      unpackedUint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedUint64_codec);
+      unpackedSint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSint32_codec);
+      unpackedSint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSint64_codec);
+      unpackedFixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec);
+      unpackedFixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec);
+      unpackedSfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec);
+      unpackedSfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec);
+      unpackedFloat_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedFloat_codec);
+      unpackedDouble_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedDouble_codec);
+      unpackedBool_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedBool_codec);
+      unpackedNestedEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedNestedEnum_codec);
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 6);
+        output.WriteUInt32(OneofUint32);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(130, 7);
+        output.WriteMessage(OneofNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(138, 7);
+        output.WriteString(OneofString);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(146, 7);
+        output.WriteBytes(OneofBytes);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBool) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(152, 7);
+        output.WriteBool(OneofBool);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(160, 7);
+        output.WriteUInt64(OneofUint64);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(173, 7);
+        output.WriteFloat(OneofFloat);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofDouble) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(177, 7);
+        output.WriteDouble(OneofDouble);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(184, 7);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) OneofEnum);
+      }
+      if (optionalBoolWrapper_ != null) {
+        _single_optionalBoolWrapper_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, OptionalBoolWrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalInt32Wrapper_ != null) {
+        _single_optionalInt32Wrapper_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, OptionalInt32Wrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalInt64Wrapper_ != null) {
+        _single_optionalInt64Wrapper_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, OptionalInt64Wrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalUint32Wrapper_ != null) {
+        _single_optionalUint32Wrapper_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, OptionalUint32Wrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalUint64Wrapper_ != null) {
+        _single_optionalUint64Wrapper_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, OptionalUint64Wrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalFloatWrapper_ != null) {
+        _single_optionalFloatWrapper_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, OptionalFloatWrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalDoubleWrapper_ != null) {
+        _single_optionalDoubleWrapper_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, OptionalDoubleWrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalStringWrapper_ != null) {
+        _single_optionalStringWrapper_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, OptionalStringWrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalBytesWrapper_ != null) {
+        _single_optionalBytesWrapper_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, OptionalBytesWrapper);
+      }
+      repeatedBoolWrapper_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedBoolWrapper_codec);
+      repeatedInt32Wrapper_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt32Wrapper_codec);
+      repeatedInt64Wrapper_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt64Wrapper_codec);
+      repeatedUint32Wrapper_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedUint32Wrapper_codec);
+      repeatedUint64Wrapper_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedUint64Wrapper_codec);
+      repeatedFloatWrapper_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFloatWrapper_codec);
+      repeatedDoubleWrapper_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedDoubleWrapper_codec);
+      repeatedStringWrapper_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedStringWrapper_codec);
+      repeatedBytesWrapper_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedBytesWrapper_codec);
+      if (optionalDuration_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(234, 18);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalDuration);
+      }
+      if (optionalTimestamp_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(242, 18);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalTimestamp);
+      }
+      if (optionalFieldMask_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(250, 18);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalFieldMask);
+      }
+      if (optionalStruct_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(130, 19);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalStruct);
+      }
+      if (optionalAny_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(138, 19);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalAny);
+      }
+      if (optionalValue_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(146, 19);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalValue);
+      }
+      repeatedDuration_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedDuration_codec);
+      repeatedTimestamp_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedTimestamp_codec);
+      repeatedFieldmask_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFieldmask_codec);
+      repeatedAny_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedAny_codec);
+      repeatedValue_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedValue_codec);
+      repeatedListValue_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedListValue_codec);
+      repeatedStruct_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedStruct_codec);
+      if (Fieldname1 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(Fieldname1);
+      }
+      if (FieldName2 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(144, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName2);
+      }
+      if (FieldName3 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(152, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName3);
+      }
+      if (FieldName4 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(160, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName4);
+      }
+      if (Field0Name5 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(168, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field0Name5);
+      }
+      if (Field0Name6 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(176, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field0Name6);
+      }
+      if (FieldName7 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(184, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName7);
+      }
+      if (FieldName8 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(192, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName8);
+      }
+      if (FieldName9 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(200, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName9);
+      }
+      if (FieldName10 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(208, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName10);
+      }
+      if (FIELDNAME11 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(216, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FIELDNAME11);
+      }
+      if (FIELDName12 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(224, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FIELDName12);
+      }
+      if (FieldName13 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(232, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName13);
+      }
+      if (FieldName14 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(240, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName14);
+      }
+      if (FieldName15 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 25);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName15);
+      }
+      if (FieldName16 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 26);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName16);
+      }
+      if (FieldName17 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 26);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName17);
+      }
+      if (FieldName18 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(144, 26);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName18);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (OptionalInt32 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(OptionalInt32);
+      }
+      if (OptionalInt64 != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(OptionalInt64);
+      }
+      if (OptionalUint32 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(OptionalUint32);
+      }
+      if (OptionalUint64 != 0UL) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(OptionalUint64);
+      }
+      if (OptionalSint32 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeSInt32Size(OptionalSint32);
+      }
+      if (OptionalSint64 != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeSInt64Size(OptionalSint64);
+      }
+      if (OptionalFixed32 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (OptionalFixed64 != 0UL) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (OptionalSfixed32 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (OptionalSfixed64 != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (OptionalFloat != 0F) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (OptionalDouble != 0D) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (OptionalBool != false) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (OptionalString.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OptionalString);
+      }
+      if (OptionalBytes.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(OptionalBytes);
+      }
+      if (optionalNestedMessage_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (optionalForeignMessage_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalForeignMessage);
+      }
+      if (OptionalNestedEnum != global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum.Foo) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) OptionalNestedEnum);
+      }
+      if (OptionalForeignEnum != global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) OptionalForeignEnum);
+      }
+      if (OptionalAliasedEnum != global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.AliasedEnum.AliasFoo) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) OptionalAliasedEnum);
+      }
+      if (OptionalStringPiece.Length != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OptionalStringPiece);
+      }
+      if (OptionalCord.Length != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OptionalCord);
+      }
+      if (recursiveMessage_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(RecursiveMessage);
+      }
+      size += repeatedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      size += repeatedInt64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+      size += repeatedUint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedUint32_codec);
+      size += repeatedUint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+      size += repeatedSint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSint32_codec);
+      size += repeatedSint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSint64_codec);
+      size += repeatedFixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+      size += repeatedFixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+      size += repeatedSfixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec);
+      size += repeatedSfixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec);
+      size += repeatedFloat_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+      size += repeatedDouble_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedDouble_codec);
+      size += repeatedBool_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedBool_codec);
+      size += repeatedString_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedString_codec);
+      size += repeatedBytes_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedBytes_codec);
+      size += repeatedNestedMessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec);
+      size += repeatedForeignMessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec);
+      size += repeatedNestedEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec);
+      size += repeatedForeignEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec);
+      size += repeatedStringPiece_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedStringPiece_codec);
+      size += repeatedCord_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedCord_codec);
+      size += packedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+      size += packedInt64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedInt64_codec);
+      size += packedUint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedUint32_codec);
+      size += packedUint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedUint64_codec);
+      size += packedSint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSint32_codec);
+      size += packedSint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSint64_codec);
+      size += packedFixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedFixed32_codec);
+      size += packedFixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedFixed64_codec);
+      size += packedSfixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSfixed32_codec);
+      size += packedSfixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSfixed64_codec);
+      size += packedFloat_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedFloat_codec);
+      size += packedDouble_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedDouble_codec);
+      size += packedBool_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedBool_codec);
+      size += packedNestedEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedNestedEnum_codec);
+      size += unpackedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedInt32_codec);
+      size += unpackedInt64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedInt64_codec);
+      size += unpackedUint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedUint32_codec);
+      size += unpackedUint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedUint64_codec);
+      size += unpackedSint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSint32_codec);
+      size += unpackedSint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSint64_codec);
+      size += unpackedFixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec);
+      size += unpackedFixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec);
+      size += unpackedSfixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec);
+      size += unpackedSfixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec);
+      size += unpackedFloat_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedFloat_codec);
+      size += unpackedDouble_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedDouble_codec);
+      size += unpackedBool_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedBool_codec);
+      size += unpackedNestedEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedNestedEnum_codec);
+      size += mapInt32Int32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Int32_codec);
+      size += mapInt64Int64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt64Int64_codec);
+      size += mapUint32Uint32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapUint32Uint32_codec);
+      size += mapUint64Uint64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapUint64Uint64_codec);
+      size += mapSint32Sint32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSint32Sint32_codec);
+      size += mapSint64Sint64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSint64Sint64_codec);
+      size += mapFixed32Fixed32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec);
+      size += mapFixed64Fixed64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec);
+      size += mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec);
+      size += mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.CalculateSize(_map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec);
+      size += mapInt32Float_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Float_codec);
+      size += mapInt32Double_.CalculateSize(_map_mapInt32Double_codec);
+      size += mapBoolBool_.CalculateSize(_map_mapBoolBool_codec);
+      size += mapStringString_.CalculateSize(_map_mapStringString_codec);
+      size += mapStringBytes_.CalculateSize(_map_mapStringBytes_codec);
+      size += mapStringNestedMessage_.CalculateSize(_map_mapStringNestedMessage_codec);
+      size += mapStringForeignMessage_.CalculateSize(_map_mapStringForeignMessage_codec);
+      size += mapStringNestedEnum_.CalculateSize(_map_mapStringNestedEnum_codec);
+      size += mapStringForeignEnum_.CalculateSize(_map_mapStringForeignEnum_codec);
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(OneofUint32);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OneofNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OneofString);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(OneofBytes);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBool) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint64) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(OneofUint64);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofFloat) {
+        size += 2 + 4;
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofDouble) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofEnum) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) OneofEnum);
+      }
+      if (optionalBoolWrapper_ != null) {
+        size += _single_optionalBoolWrapper_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(OptionalBoolWrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalInt32Wrapper_ != null) {
+        size += _single_optionalInt32Wrapper_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(OptionalInt32Wrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalInt64Wrapper_ != null) {
+        size += _single_optionalInt64Wrapper_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(OptionalInt64Wrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalUint32Wrapper_ != null) {
+        size += _single_optionalUint32Wrapper_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(OptionalUint32Wrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalUint64Wrapper_ != null) {
+        size += _single_optionalUint64Wrapper_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(OptionalUint64Wrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalFloatWrapper_ != null) {
+        size += _single_optionalFloatWrapper_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(OptionalFloatWrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalDoubleWrapper_ != null) {
+        size += _single_optionalDoubleWrapper_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(OptionalDoubleWrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalStringWrapper_ != null) {
+        size += _single_optionalStringWrapper_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(OptionalStringWrapper);
+      }
+      if (optionalBytesWrapper_ != null) {
+        size += _single_optionalBytesWrapper_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(OptionalBytesWrapper);
+      }
+      size += repeatedBoolWrapper_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedBoolWrapper_codec);
+      size += repeatedInt32Wrapper_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt32Wrapper_codec);
+      size += repeatedInt64Wrapper_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt64Wrapper_codec);
+      size += repeatedUint32Wrapper_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedUint32Wrapper_codec);
+      size += repeatedUint64Wrapper_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedUint64Wrapper_codec);
+      size += repeatedFloatWrapper_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFloatWrapper_codec);
+      size += repeatedDoubleWrapper_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedDoubleWrapper_codec);
+      size += repeatedStringWrapper_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedStringWrapper_codec);
+      size += repeatedBytesWrapper_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedBytesWrapper_codec);
+      if (optionalDuration_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalDuration);
+      }
+      if (optionalTimestamp_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalTimestamp);
+      }
+      if (optionalFieldMask_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalFieldMask);
+      }
+      if (optionalStruct_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalStruct);
+      }
+      if (optionalAny_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalAny);
+      }
+      if (optionalValue_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalValue);
+      }
+      size += repeatedDuration_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedDuration_codec);
+      size += repeatedTimestamp_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedTimestamp_codec);
+      size += repeatedFieldmask_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFieldmask_codec);
+      size += repeatedStruct_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedStruct_codec);
+      size += repeatedAny_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedAny_codec);
+      size += repeatedValue_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedValue_codec);
+      size += repeatedListValue_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedListValue_codec);
+      if (Fieldname1 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Fieldname1);
+      }
+      if (FieldName2 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName2);
+      }
+      if (FieldName3 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName3);
+      }
+      if (FieldName4 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName4);
+      }
+      if (Field0Name5 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field0Name5);
+      }
+      if (Field0Name6 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field0Name6);
+      }
+      if (FieldName7 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName7);
+      }
+      if (FieldName8 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName8);
+      }
+      if (FieldName9 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName9);
+      }
+      if (FieldName10 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName10);
+      }
+      if (FIELDNAME11 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FIELDNAME11);
+      }
+      if (FIELDName12 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FIELDName12);
+      }
+      if (FieldName13 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName13);
+      }
+      if (FieldName14 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName14);
+      }
+      if (FieldName15 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName15);
+      }
+      if (FieldName16 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName16);
+      }
+      if (FieldName17 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName17);
+      }
+      if (FieldName18 != 0) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName18);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestAllTypesProto3 other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalInt32 != 0) {
+        OptionalInt32 = other.OptionalInt32;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalInt64 != 0L) {
+        OptionalInt64 = other.OptionalInt64;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalUint32 != 0) {
+        OptionalUint32 = other.OptionalUint32;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalUint64 != 0UL) {
+        OptionalUint64 = other.OptionalUint64;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalSint32 != 0) {
+        OptionalSint32 = other.OptionalSint32;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalSint64 != 0L) {
+        OptionalSint64 = other.OptionalSint64;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalFixed32 != 0) {
+        OptionalFixed32 = other.OptionalFixed32;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalFixed64 != 0UL) {
+        OptionalFixed64 = other.OptionalFixed64;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalSfixed32 != 0) {
+        OptionalSfixed32 = other.OptionalSfixed32;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalSfixed64 != 0L) {
+        OptionalSfixed64 = other.OptionalSfixed64;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalFloat != 0F) {
+        OptionalFloat = other.OptionalFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalDouble != 0D) {
+        OptionalDouble = other.OptionalDouble;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalBool != false) {
+        OptionalBool = other.OptionalBool;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalString.Length != 0) {
+        OptionalString = other.OptionalString;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalBytes.Length != 0) {
+        OptionalBytes = other.OptionalBytes;
+      }
+      if (other.optionalNestedMessage_ != null) {
+        if (optionalNestedMessage_ == null) {
+          OptionalNestedMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage();
+        }
+        OptionalNestedMessage.MergeFrom(other.OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (other.optionalForeignMessage_ != null) {
+        if (optionalForeignMessage_ == null) {
+          OptionalForeignMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage();
+        }
+        OptionalForeignMessage.MergeFrom(other.OptionalForeignMessage);
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalNestedEnum != global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum.Foo) {
+        OptionalNestedEnum = other.OptionalNestedEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalForeignEnum != global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo) {
+        OptionalForeignEnum = other.OptionalForeignEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalAliasedEnum != global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.AliasedEnum.AliasFoo) {
+        OptionalAliasedEnum = other.OptionalAliasedEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalStringPiece.Length != 0) {
+        OptionalStringPiece = other.OptionalStringPiece;
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalCord.Length != 0) {
+        OptionalCord = other.OptionalCord;
+      }
+      if (other.recursiveMessage_ != null) {
+        if (recursiveMessage_ == null) {
+          RecursiveMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3();
+        }
+        RecursiveMessage.MergeFrom(other.RecursiveMessage);
+      }
+      repeatedInt32_.Add(other.repeatedInt32_);
+      repeatedInt64_.Add(other.repeatedInt64_);
+      repeatedUint32_.Add(other.repeatedUint32_);
+      repeatedUint64_.Add(other.repeatedUint64_);
+      repeatedSint32_.Add(other.repeatedSint32_);
+      repeatedSint64_.Add(other.repeatedSint64_);
+      repeatedFixed32_.Add(other.repeatedFixed32_);
+      repeatedFixed64_.Add(other.repeatedFixed64_);
+      repeatedSfixed32_.Add(other.repeatedSfixed32_);
+      repeatedSfixed64_.Add(other.repeatedSfixed64_);
+      repeatedFloat_.Add(other.repeatedFloat_);
+      repeatedDouble_.Add(other.repeatedDouble_);
+      repeatedBool_.Add(other.repeatedBool_);
+      repeatedString_.Add(other.repeatedString_);
+      repeatedBytes_.Add(other.repeatedBytes_);
+      repeatedNestedMessage_.Add(other.repeatedNestedMessage_);
+      repeatedForeignMessage_.Add(other.repeatedForeignMessage_);
+      repeatedNestedEnum_.Add(other.repeatedNestedEnum_);
+      repeatedForeignEnum_.Add(other.repeatedForeignEnum_);
+      repeatedStringPiece_.Add(other.repeatedStringPiece_);
+      repeatedCord_.Add(other.repeatedCord_);
+      packedInt32_.Add(other.packedInt32_);
+      packedInt64_.Add(other.packedInt64_);
+      packedUint32_.Add(other.packedUint32_);
+      packedUint64_.Add(other.packedUint64_);
+      packedSint32_.Add(other.packedSint32_);
+      packedSint64_.Add(other.packedSint64_);
+      packedFixed32_.Add(other.packedFixed32_);
+      packedFixed64_.Add(other.packedFixed64_);
+      packedSfixed32_.Add(other.packedSfixed32_);
+      packedSfixed64_.Add(other.packedSfixed64_);
+      packedFloat_.Add(other.packedFloat_);
+      packedDouble_.Add(other.packedDouble_);
+      packedBool_.Add(other.packedBool_);
+      packedNestedEnum_.Add(other.packedNestedEnum_);
+      unpackedInt32_.Add(other.unpackedInt32_);
+      unpackedInt64_.Add(other.unpackedInt64_);
+      unpackedUint32_.Add(other.unpackedUint32_);
+      unpackedUint64_.Add(other.unpackedUint64_);
+      unpackedSint32_.Add(other.unpackedSint32_);
+      unpackedSint64_.Add(other.unpackedSint64_);
+      unpackedFixed32_.Add(other.unpackedFixed32_);
+      unpackedFixed64_.Add(other.unpackedFixed64_);
+      unpackedSfixed32_.Add(other.unpackedSfixed32_);
+      unpackedSfixed64_.Add(other.unpackedSfixed64_);
+      unpackedFloat_.Add(other.unpackedFloat_);
+      unpackedDouble_.Add(other.unpackedDouble_);
+      unpackedBool_.Add(other.unpackedBool_);
+      unpackedNestedEnum_.Add(other.unpackedNestedEnum_);
+      mapInt32Int32_.Add(other.mapInt32Int32_);
+      mapInt64Int64_.Add(other.mapInt64Int64_);
+      mapUint32Uint32_.Add(other.mapUint32Uint32_);
+      mapUint64Uint64_.Add(other.mapUint64Uint64_);
+      mapSint32Sint32_.Add(other.mapSint32Sint32_);
+      mapSint64Sint64_.Add(other.mapSint64Sint64_);
+      mapFixed32Fixed32_.Add(other.mapFixed32Fixed32_);
+      mapFixed64Fixed64_.Add(other.mapFixed64Fixed64_);
+      mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.Add(other.mapSfixed32Sfixed32_);
+      mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.Add(other.mapSfixed64Sfixed64_);
+      mapInt32Float_.Add(other.mapInt32Float_);
+      mapInt32Double_.Add(other.mapInt32Double_);
+      mapBoolBool_.Add(other.mapBoolBool_);
+      mapStringString_.Add(other.mapStringString_);
+      mapStringBytes_.Add(other.mapStringBytes_);
+      mapStringNestedMessage_.Add(other.mapStringNestedMessage_);
+      mapStringForeignMessage_.Add(other.mapStringForeignMessage_);
+      mapStringNestedEnum_.Add(other.mapStringNestedEnum_);
+      mapStringForeignEnum_.Add(other.mapStringForeignEnum_);
+      if (other.optionalBoolWrapper_ != null) {
+        if (optionalBoolWrapper_ == null || other.OptionalBoolWrapper != false) {
+          OptionalBoolWrapper = other.OptionalBoolWrapper;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.optionalInt32Wrapper_ != null) {
+        if (optionalInt32Wrapper_ == null || other.OptionalInt32Wrapper != 0) {
+          OptionalInt32Wrapper = other.OptionalInt32Wrapper;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.optionalInt64Wrapper_ != null) {
+        if (optionalInt64Wrapper_ == null || other.OptionalInt64Wrapper != 0L) {
+          OptionalInt64Wrapper = other.OptionalInt64Wrapper;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.optionalUint32Wrapper_ != null) {
+        if (optionalUint32Wrapper_ == null || other.OptionalUint32Wrapper != 0) {
+          OptionalUint32Wrapper = other.OptionalUint32Wrapper;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.optionalUint64Wrapper_ != null) {
+        if (optionalUint64Wrapper_ == null || other.OptionalUint64Wrapper != 0UL) {
+          OptionalUint64Wrapper = other.OptionalUint64Wrapper;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.optionalFloatWrapper_ != null) {
+        if (optionalFloatWrapper_ == null || other.OptionalFloatWrapper != 0F) {
+          OptionalFloatWrapper = other.OptionalFloatWrapper;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.optionalDoubleWrapper_ != null) {
+        if (optionalDoubleWrapper_ == null || other.OptionalDoubleWrapper != 0D) {
+          OptionalDoubleWrapper = other.OptionalDoubleWrapper;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.optionalStringWrapper_ != null) {
+        if (optionalStringWrapper_ == null || other.OptionalStringWrapper != "") {
+          OptionalStringWrapper = other.OptionalStringWrapper;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.optionalBytesWrapper_ != null) {
+        if (optionalBytesWrapper_ == null || other.OptionalBytesWrapper != pb::ByteString.Empty) {
+          OptionalBytesWrapper = other.OptionalBytesWrapper;
+        }
+      }
+      repeatedBoolWrapper_.Add(other.repeatedBoolWrapper_);
+      repeatedInt32Wrapper_.Add(other.repeatedInt32Wrapper_);
+      repeatedInt64Wrapper_.Add(other.repeatedInt64Wrapper_);
+      repeatedUint32Wrapper_.Add(other.repeatedUint32Wrapper_);
+      repeatedUint64Wrapper_.Add(other.repeatedUint64Wrapper_);
+      repeatedFloatWrapper_.Add(other.repeatedFloatWrapper_);
+      repeatedDoubleWrapper_.Add(other.repeatedDoubleWrapper_);
+      repeatedStringWrapper_.Add(other.repeatedStringWrapper_);
+      repeatedBytesWrapper_.Add(other.repeatedBytesWrapper_);
+      if (other.optionalDuration_ != null) {
+        if (optionalDuration_ == null) {
+          OptionalDuration = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration();
+        }
+        OptionalDuration.MergeFrom(other.OptionalDuration);
+      }
+      if (other.optionalTimestamp_ != null) {
+        if (optionalTimestamp_ == null) {
+          OptionalTimestamp = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp();
+        }
+        OptionalTimestamp.MergeFrom(other.OptionalTimestamp);
+      }
+      if (other.optionalFieldMask_ != null) {
+        if (optionalFieldMask_ == null) {
+          OptionalFieldMask = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask();
+        }
+        OptionalFieldMask.MergeFrom(other.OptionalFieldMask);
+      }
+      if (other.optionalStruct_ != null) {
+        if (optionalStruct_ == null) {
+          OptionalStruct = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct();
+        }
+        OptionalStruct.MergeFrom(other.OptionalStruct);
+      }
+      if (other.optionalAny_ != null) {
+        if (optionalAny_ == null) {
+          OptionalAny = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any();
+        }
+        OptionalAny.MergeFrom(other.OptionalAny);
+      }
+      if (other.optionalValue_ != null) {
+        if (optionalValue_ == null) {
+          OptionalValue = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value();
+        }
+        OptionalValue.MergeFrom(other.OptionalValue);
+      }
+      repeatedDuration_.Add(other.repeatedDuration_);
+      repeatedTimestamp_.Add(other.repeatedTimestamp_);
+      repeatedFieldmask_.Add(other.repeatedFieldmask_);
+      repeatedStruct_.Add(other.repeatedStruct_);
+      repeatedAny_.Add(other.repeatedAny_);
+      repeatedValue_.Add(other.repeatedValue_);
+      repeatedListValue_.Add(other.repeatedListValue_);
+      if (other.Fieldname1 != 0) {
+        Fieldname1 = other.Fieldname1;
+      }
+      if (other.FieldName2 != 0) {
+        FieldName2 = other.FieldName2;
+      }
+      if (other.FieldName3 != 0) {
+        FieldName3 = other.FieldName3;
+      }
+      if (other.FieldName4 != 0) {
+        FieldName4 = other.FieldName4;
+      }
+      if (other.Field0Name5 != 0) {
+        Field0Name5 = other.Field0Name5;
+      }
+      if (other.Field0Name6 != 0) {
+        Field0Name6 = other.Field0Name6;
+      }
+      if (other.FieldName7 != 0) {
+        FieldName7 = other.FieldName7;
+      }
+      if (other.FieldName8 != 0) {
+        FieldName8 = other.FieldName8;
+      }
+      if (other.FieldName9 != 0) {
+        FieldName9 = other.FieldName9;
+      }
+      if (other.FieldName10 != 0) {
+        FieldName10 = other.FieldName10;
+      }
+      if (other.FIELDNAME11 != 0) {
+        FIELDNAME11 = other.FIELDNAME11;
+      }
+      if (other.FIELDName12 != 0) {
+        FIELDName12 = other.FIELDName12;
+      }
+      if (other.FieldName13 != 0) {
+        FieldName13 = other.FieldName13;
+      }
+      if (other.FieldName14 != 0) {
+        FieldName14 = other.FieldName14;
+      }
+      if (other.FieldName15 != 0) {
+        FieldName15 = other.FieldName15;
+      }
+      if (other.FieldName16 != 0) {
+        FieldName16 = other.FieldName16;
+      }
+      if (other.FieldName17 != 0) {
+        FieldName17 = other.FieldName17;
+      }
+      if (other.FieldName18 != 0) {
+        FieldName18 = other.FieldName18;
+      }
+      switch (other.OneofFieldCase) {
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32:
+          OneofUint32 = other.OneofUint32;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage:
+          if (OneofNestedMessage == null) {
+            OneofNestedMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage();
+          }
+          OneofNestedMessage.MergeFrom(other.OneofNestedMessage);
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString:
+          OneofString = other.OneofString;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes:
+          OneofBytes = other.OneofBytes;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBool:
+          OneofBool = other.OneofBool;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint64:
+          OneofUint64 = other.OneofUint64;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofFloat:
+          OneofFloat = other.OneofFloat;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofDouble:
+          OneofDouble = other.OneofDouble;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofEnum:
+          OneofEnum = other.OneofEnum;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            OptionalInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            OptionalInt64 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            OptionalUint32 = input.ReadUInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+            OptionalUint64 = input.ReadUInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            OptionalSint32 = input.ReadSInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 48: {
+            OptionalSint64 = input.ReadSInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 61: {
+            OptionalFixed32 = input.ReadFixed32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 65: {
+            OptionalFixed64 = input.ReadFixed64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 77: {
+            OptionalSfixed32 = input.ReadSFixed32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 81: {
+            OptionalSfixed64 = input.ReadSFixed64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 93: {
+            OptionalFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 97: {
+            OptionalDouble = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 104: {
+            OptionalBool = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 114: {
+            OptionalString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 122: {
+            OptionalBytes = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 146: {
+            if (optionalNestedMessage_ == null) {
+              OptionalNestedMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalNestedMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 154: {
+            if (optionalForeignMessage_ == null) {
+              OptionalForeignMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalForeignMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 168: {
+            OptionalNestedEnum = (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 176: {
+            OptionalForeignEnum = (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.ForeignEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 184: {
+            OptionalAliasedEnum = (global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.AliasedEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 194: {
+            OptionalStringPiece = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 202: {
+            OptionalCord = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 218: {
+            if (recursiveMessage_ == null) {
+              RecursiveMessage = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(RecursiveMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 250:
+          case 248: {
+            repeatedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 258:
+          case 256: {
+            repeatedInt64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 266:
+          case 264: {
+            repeatedUint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedUint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 274:
+          case 272: {
+            repeatedUint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 282:
+          case 280: {
+            repeatedSint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 290:
+          case 288: {
+            repeatedSint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 298:
+          case 301: {
+            repeatedFixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 306:
+          case 305: {
+            repeatedFixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 314:
+          case 317: {
+            repeatedSfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 322:
+          case 321: {
+            repeatedSfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 330:
+          case 333: {
+            repeatedFloat_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 338:
+          case 337: {
+            repeatedDouble_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedDouble_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 346:
+          case 344: {
+            repeatedBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 354: {
+            repeatedString_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedString_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 362: {
+            repeatedBytes_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedBytes_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 386: {
+            repeatedNestedMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 394: {
+            repeatedForeignMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 410:
+          case 408: {
+            repeatedNestedEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 418:
+          case 416: {
+            repeatedForeignEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 434: {
+            repeatedStringPiece_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedStringPiece_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 442: {
+            repeatedCord_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedCord_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 450: {
+            mapInt32Int32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Int32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 458: {
+            mapInt64Int64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt64Int64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 466: {
+            mapUint32Uint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapUint32Uint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 474: {
+            mapUint64Uint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapUint64Uint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 482: {
+            mapSint32Sint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSint32Sint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 490: {
+            mapSint64Sint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSint64Sint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 498: {
+            mapFixed32Fixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapFixed32Fixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 506: {
+            mapFixed64Fixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapFixed64Fixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 514: {
+            mapSfixed32Sfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSfixed32Sfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 522: {
+            mapSfixed64Sfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapSfixed64Sfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 530: {
+            mapInt32Float_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Float_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 538: {
+            mapInt32Double_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapInt32Double_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 546: {
+            mapBoolBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapBoolBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 554: {
+            mapStringString_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapStringString_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 562: {
+            mapStringBytes_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapStringBytes_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 570: {
+            mapStringNestedMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapStringNestedMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 578: {
+            mapStringForeignMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapStringForeignMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 586: {
+            mapStringNestedEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapStringNestedEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 594: {
+            mapStringForeignEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_mapStringForeignEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 602:
+          case 600: {
+            packedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 610:
+          case 608: {
+            packedInt64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedInt64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 618:
+          case 616: {
+            packedUint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedUint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 626:
+          case 624: {
+            packedUint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedUint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 634:
+          case 632: {
+            packedSint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 642:
+          case 640: {
+            packedSint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 650:
+          case 653: {
+            packedFixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedFixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 658:
+          case 657: {
+            packedFixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedFixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 666:
+          case 669: {
+            packedSfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 674:
+          case 673: {
+            packedSfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 682:
+          case 685: {
+            packedFloat_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedFloat_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 690:
+          case 689: {
+            packedDouble_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedDouble_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 698:
+          case 696: {
+            packedBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 706:
+          case 704: {
+            packedNestedEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedNestedEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 714:
+          case 712: {
+            unpackedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 722:
+          case 720: {
+            unpackedInt64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedInt64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 730:
+          case 728: {
+            unpackedUint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedUint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 738:
+          case 736: {
+            unpackedUint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedUint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 746:
+          case 744: {
+            unpackedSint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 754:
+          case 752: {
+            unpackedSint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 762:
+          case 765: {
+            unpackedFixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 770:
+          case 769: {
+            unpackedFixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 778:
+          case 781: {
+            unpackedSfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 786:
+          case 785: {
+            unpackedSfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 794:
+          case 797: {
+            unpackedFloat_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedFloat_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 802:
+          case 801: {
+            unpackedDouble_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedDouble_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 810:
+          case 808: {
+            unpackedBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 818:
+          case 816: {
+            unpackedNestedEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedNestedEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 888: {
+            OneofUint32 = input.ReadUInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 898: {
+            global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage subBuilder = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Types.NestedMessage();
+            if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(OneofNestedMessage);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            OneofNestedMessage = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 906: {
+            OneofString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 914: {
+            OneofBytes = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 920: {
+            OneofBool = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 928: {
+            OneofUint64 = input.ReadUInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 941: {
+            OneofFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 945: {
+            OneofDouble = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 952: {
+            oneofField_ = input.ReadEnum();
+            oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofEnum;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1610: {
+            bool? value = _single_optionalBoolWrapper_codec.Read(input);
+            if (optionalBoolWrapper_ == null || value != false) {
+              OptionalBoolWrapper = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1618: {
+            int? value = _single_optionalInt32Wrapper_codec.Read(input);
+            if (optionalInt32Wrapper_ == null || value != 0) {
+              OptionalInt32Wrapper = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1626: {
+            long? value = _single_optionalInt64Wrapper_codec.Read(input);
+            if (optionalInt64Wrapper_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              OptionalInt64Wrapper = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1634: {
+            uint? value = _single_optionalUint32Wrapper_codec.Read(input);
+            if (optionalUint32Wrapper_ == null || value != 0) {
+              OptionalUint32Wrapper = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1642: {
+            ulong? value = _single_optionalUint64Wrapper_codec.Read(input);
+            if (optionalUint64Wrapper_ == null || value != 0UL) {
+              OptionalUint64Wrapper = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1650: {
+            float? value = _single_optionalFloatWrapper_codec.Read(input);
+            if (optionalFloatWrapper_ == null || value != 0F) {
+              OptionalFloatWrapper = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1658: {
+            double? value = _single_optionalDoubleWrapper_codec.Read(input);
+            if (optionalDoubleWrapper_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              OptionalDoubleWrapper = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1666: {
+            string value = _single_optionalStringWrapper_codec.Read(input);
+            if (optionalStringWrapper_ == null || value != "") {
+              OptionalStringWrapper = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1674: {
+            pb::ByteString value = _single_optionalBytesWrapper_codec.Read(input);
+            if (optionalBytesWrapper_ == null || value != pb::ByteString.Empty) {
+              OptionalBytesWrapper = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1690: {
+            repeatedBoolWrapper_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedBoolWrapper_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1698: {
+            repeatedInt32Wrapper_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt32Wrapper_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1706: {
+            repeatedInt64Wrapper_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt64Wrapper_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1714: {
+            repeatedUint32Wrapper_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedUint32Wrapper_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1722: {
+            repeatedUint64Wrapper_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedUint64Wrapper_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1730: {
+            repeatedFloatWrapper_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFloatWrapper_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1738: {
+            repeatedDoubleWrapper_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedDoubleWrapper_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1746: {
+            repeatedStringWrapper_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedStringWrapper_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1754: {
+            repeatedBytesWrapper_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedBytesWrapper_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2410: {
+            if (optionalDuration_ == null) {
+              OptionalDuration = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalDuration);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2418: {
+            if (optionalTimestamp_ == null) {
+              OptionalTimestamp = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalTimestamp);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2426: {
+            if (optionalFieldMask_ == null) {
+              OptionalFieldMask = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalFieldMask);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2434: {
+            if (optionalStruct_ == null) {
+              OptionalStruct = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalStruct);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2442: {
+            if (optionalAny_ == null) {
+              OptionalAny = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalAny);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2450: {
+            if (optionalValue_ == null) {
+              OptionalValue = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalValue);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2490: {
+            repeatedDuration_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedDuration_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2498: {
+            repeatedTimestamp_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedTimestamp_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2506: {
+            repeatedFieldmask_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFieldmask_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2522: {
+            repeatedAny_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedAny_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2530: {
+            repeatedValue_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedValue_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2538: {
+            repeatedListValue_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedListValue_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2594: {
+            repeatedStruct_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedStruct_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3208: {
+            Fieldname1 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3216: {
+            FieldName2 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3224: {
+            FieldName3 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3232: {
+            FieldName4 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3240: {
+            Field0Name5 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3248: {
+            Field0Name6 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3256: {
+            FieldName7 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3264: {
+            FieldName8 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3272: {
+            FieldName9 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3280: {
+            FieldName10 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3288: {
+            FIELDNAME11 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3296: {
+            FIELDName12 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3304: {
+            FieldName13 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3312: {
+            FieldName14 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3320: {
+            FieldName15 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3328: {
+            FieldName16 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3336: {
+            FieldName17 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 3344: {
+            FieldName18 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestAllTypesProto3 message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public enum NestedEnum {
+        [pbr::OriginalName("FOO")] Foo = 0,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("BAR")] Bar = 1,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("BAZ")] Baz = 2,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Intentionally negative.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("NEG")] Neg = -1,
+      }
+
+      public enum AliasedEnum {
+        [pbr::OriginalName("ALIAS_FOO")] AliasFoo = 0,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("ALIAS_BAR")] AliasBar = 1,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("ALIAS_BAZ")] AliasBaz = 2,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("QUX", PreferredAlias = false)] Qux = 2,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("qux", PreferredAlias = false)] Qux_ = 2,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("bAz", PreferredAlias = false)] BAz = 2,
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class NestedMessage : pb::IMessage<NestedMessage> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage>(() => new NestedMessage());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage(NestedMessage other) : this() {
+          a_ = other.a_;
+          corecursive_ = other.corecursive_ != null ? other.corecursive_.Clone() : null;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage Clone() {
+          return new NestedMessage(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+        public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+        private int a_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int A {
+          get { return a_; }
+          set {
+            a_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "corecursive" field.</summary>
+        public const int CorecursiveFieldNumber = 2;
+        private global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3 corecursive_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3 Corecursive {
+          get { return corecursive_; }
+          set {
+            corecursive_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as NestedMessage);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (A != other.A) return false;
+          if (!object.Equals(Corecursive, other.Corecursive)) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (A != 0) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+          if (corecursive_ != null) hash ^= Corecursive.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (A != 0) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(A);
+          }
+          if (corecursive_ != null) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(18);
+            output.WriteMessage(Corecursive);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (A != 0) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+          }
+          if (corecursive_ != null) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Corecursive);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.A != 0) {
+            A = other.A;
+          }
+          if (other.corecursive_ != null) {
+            if (corecursive_ == null) {
+              Corecursive = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3();
+            }
+            Corecursive.MergeFrom(other.Corecursive);
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                A = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 18: {
+                if (corecursive_ == null) {
+                  Corecursive = new global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestAllTypesProto3();
+                }
+                input.ReadMessage(Corecursive);
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class ForeignMessage : pb::IMessage<ForeignMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ForeignMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ForeignMessage>(() => new ForeignMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ForeignMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::ProtobufTestMessages.Proto3.TestMessagesProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ForeignMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ForeignMessage(ForeignMessage other) : this() {
+      c_ = other.c_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ForeignMessage Clone() {
+      return new ForeignMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "c" field.</summary>
+    public const int CFieldNumber = 1;
+    private int c_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int C {
+      get { return c_; }
+      set {
+        c_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ForeignMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ForeignMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (C != other.C) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (C != 0) hash ^= C.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (C != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(C);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (C != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(C);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ForeignMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.C != 0) {
+        C = other.C;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            C = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/Unittest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/Unittest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e55df12f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/Unittest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,23941 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: unittest.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2 {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from unittest.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for unittest.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static UnittestReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Cg51bml0dGVzdC5wcm90bxIYcHJvdG9idWZfdW5pdHRlc3RfcHJvdG8yGhV1",
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+            "dG8yLlRlc3RFeHRlbnNpb25JbnNpZGVUYWJsZRgFIAEoBUIySAGAAQGIAQGQ",
+            "AQH4AQGqAiFHb29nbGUuUHJvdG9idWYuVGVzdFByb3Rvcy5Qcm90bzI="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestImportReflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(new[] {typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum), typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestEnumWithDupValue), typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestSparseEnum), typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.VeryLargeEnum), }, new pb::Extension[] { UnittestExtensions.OptionalInt32Extension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalInt64Extension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalUint32Extension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalUint64Extension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalSint32Extension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalSint64Extension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalFixed32Extension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalFixed64Extension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalSfixed32Extension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalSfixed64Extension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalFloatExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalDoubleExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalBoolExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalStringExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalBytesExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalGroupExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalNestedMessageExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalForeignMessageExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalImportMessageExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalNestedEnumExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalForeignEnumExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalImportEnumExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalStringPieceExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalCordExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalPublicImportMessageExtension, UnittestExtensions.OptionalLazyMessageExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedInt32Extension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedInt64Extension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedUint32Extension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedUint64Extension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedSint32Extension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedSint64Extension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedFixed32Extension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedFixed64Extension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedSfixed32Extension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedSfixed64Extension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedFloatExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedDoubleExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedBoolExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedStringExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedBytesExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedGroupExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedNestedMessageExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedForeignMessageExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedImportMessageExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedNestedEnumExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedForeignEnumExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedImportEnumExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedStringPieceExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedCordExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedLazyMessageExtension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultInt32Extension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultInt64Extension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultUint32Extension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultUint64Extension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultSint32Extension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultSint64Extension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultFixed32Extension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultFixed64Extension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultSfixed32Extension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultSfixed64Extension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultFloatExtension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultDoubleExtension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultBoolExtension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultStringExtension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultBytesExtension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultNestedEnumExtension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultForeignEnumExtension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultImportEnumExtension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultStringPieceExtension, UnittestExtensions.DefaultCordExtension, UnittestExtensions.OneofUint32Extension, UnittestExtensions.OneofNestedMessageExtension, UnittestExtensions.OneofStringExtension, UnittestExtensions.OneofBytesExtension, UnittestExtensions.MyExtensionString, UnittestExtensions.MyExtensionInt, UnittestExtensions.PackedInt32Extension, UnittestExtensions.PackedInt64Extension, UnittestExtensions.PackedUint32Extension, UnittestExtensions.PackedUint64Extension, UnittestExtensions.PackedSint32Extension, UnittestExtensions.PackedSint64Extension, UnittestExtensions.PackedFixed32Extension, UnittestExtensions.PackedFixed64Extension, UnittestExtensions.PackedSfixed32Extension, UnittestExtensions.PackedSfixed64Extension, UnittestExtensions.PackedFloatExtension, UnittestExtensions.PackedDoubleExtension, UnittestExtensions.PackedBoolExtension, UnittestExtensions.PackedEnumExtension, UnittestExtensions.UnpackedInt32Extension, UnittestExtensions.UnpackedInt64Extension, UnittestExtensions.UnpackedUint32Extension, UnittestExtensions.UnpackedUint64Extension, UnittestExtensions.UnpackedSint32Extension, UnittestExtensions.UnpackedSint64Extension, UnittestExtensions.UnpackedFixed32Extension, UnittestExtensions.UnpackedFixed64Extension, UnittestExtensions.UnpackedSfixed32Extension, UnittestExtensions.UnpackedSfixed64Extension, UnittestExtensions.UnpackedFloatExtension, UnittestExtensions.UnpackedDoubleExtension, UnittestExtensions.UnpackedBoolExtension, UnittestExtensions.UnpackedEnumExtension, UnittestExtensions.TestAllTypes, UnittestExtensions.TestExtensionInsideTableExtension }, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Parser, new[]{ "OptionalInt32", "OptionalInt64", "OptionalUint32", "OptionalUint64", "OptionalSint32", "OptionalSint64", "OptionalFixed32", "OptionalFixed64", "OptionalSfixed32", "OptionalSfixed64", "OptionalFloat", "OptionalDouble", "OptionalBool", "OptionalString", "OptionalBytes", "OptionalGroup", "OptionalNestedMessage", "OptionalForeignMessage", "OptionalImportMessage", "OptionalNestedEnum", "OptionalForeignEnum", "OptionalImportEnum", "OptionalStringPiece", "OptionalCord", "OptionalPublicImportMessage", "OptionalLazyMessage", "RepeatedInt32", "RepeatedInt64", "RepeatedUint32", "RepeatedUint64", "RepeatedSint32", "RepeatedSint64", "RepeatedFixed32", "RepeatedFixed64", "RepeatedSfixed32", "RepeatedSfixed64", "RepeatedFloat", "RepeatedDouble", "RepeatedBool", "RepeatedString", "RepeatedBytes", "RepeatedGroup", "RepeatedNestedMessage", "RepeatedForeignMessage", "RepeatedImportMessage", "RepeatedNestedEnum", "RepeatedForeignEnum", "RepeatedImportEnum", "RepeatedStringPiece", "RepeatedCord", "RepeatedLazyMessage", "DefaultInt32", "DefaultInt64", "DefaultUint32", "DefaultUint64", "DefaultSint32", "DefaultSint64", "DefaultFixed32", "DefaultFixed64", "DefaultSfixed32", "DefaultSfixed64", "DefaultFloat", "DefaultDouble", "DefaultBool", "DefaultString", "DefaultBytes", "DefaultNestedEnum", "DefaultForeignEnum", "DefaultImportEnum", "DefaultStringPiece", "DefaultCord", "OneofUint32", "OneofNestedMessage", "OneofString", "OneofBytes" }, new[]{ "OneofField" }, new[]{ typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum) }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage.Parser, new[]{ "Bb" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup.Parser, new[]{ "A" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.RepeatedGroup), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.RepeatedGroup.Parser, new[]{ "A" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.NestedTestAllTypes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.NestedTestAllTypes.Parser, new[]{ "Child", "Payload", "RepeatedChild" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDeprecatedFields), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDeprecatedFields.Parser, new[]{ "DeprecatedInt32", "DeprecatedInt32InOneof" }, new[]{ "OneofFields" }, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDeprecatedMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDeprecatedMessage.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage.Parser, new[]{ "C", "D" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestReservedFields), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestReservedFields.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.OptionalGroup_extension), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.OptionalGroup_extension.Parser, new[]{ "A" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.RepeatedGroup_extension), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.RepeatedGroup_extension.Parser, new[]{ "A" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroup), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroup.Parser, new[]{ "OptionalGroup", "OptionalForeignEnum" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroup.Types.OptionalGroup), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroup.Types.OptionalGroup.Parser, new[]{ "A" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroupExtension), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroupExtension.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedExtension), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedExtension.Parser, null, null, null, new pb::Extension[] { global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedExtension.Extensions.Test, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedExtension.Extensions.NestedStringExtension, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedExtension.Extensions.OptionalGroupExtension, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedExtension.Extensions.OptionalForeignEnumExtension }, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedExtension.Types.OptionalGroup_extension), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedExtension.Types.OptionalGroup_extension.Parser, new[]{ "A" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired.Parser, new[]{ "A", "Dummy2", "B", "Dummy4", "Dummy5", "Dummy6", "Dummy7", "Dummy8", "Dummy9", "Dummy10", "Dummy11", "Dummy12", "Dummy13", "Dummy14", "Dummy15", "Dummy16", "Dummy17", "Dummy18", "Dummy19", "Dummy20", "Dummy21", "Dummy22", "Dummy23", "Dummy24", "Dummy25", "Dummy26", "Dummy27", "Dummy28", "Dummy29", "Dummy30", "Dummy31", "Dummy32", "C" }, null, null, new pb::Extension[] { global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired.Extensions.Single, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired.Extensions.Multi }, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredForeign), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredForeign.Parser, new[]{ "OptionalMessage", "RepeatedMessage", "Dummy" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredMessage.Parser, new[]{ "OptionalMessage", "RepeatedMessage", "RequiredMessage" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestForeignNested), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestForeignNested.Parser, new[]{ "ForeignNested" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestEmptyMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestEmptyMessage.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMultipleExtensionRanges), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMultipleExtensionRanges.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestReallyLargeTagNumber), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestReallyLargeTagNumber.Parser, new[]{ "A", "Bb" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRecursiveMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRecursiveMessage.Parser, new[]{ "A", "I" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Parser, new[]{ "Bb", "SubGroup" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Types.SubMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Types.SubMessage.Parser, new[]{ "B" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Types.SubGroup), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Types.SubGroup.Parser, new[]{ "SubMessage", "NotInThisScc" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionB), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionB.Parser, new[]{ "A", "OptionalInt32" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Parser, new[]{ "SubMessage" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Types.SubMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Types.SubMessage.Parser, new[]{ "SubGroup" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Types.SubMessage.Types.SubGroup), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Types.SubMessage.Types.SubGroup.Parser, new[]{ "I" }, null, null, null, null)})}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Parser, new[]{ "A", "Foo", "Bar" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Types.Foo), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Types.Foo.Parser, new[]{ "A" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Types.Bar), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Types.Bar.Parser, new[]{ "A" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestEagerMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestEagerMessage.Parser, new[]{ "SubMessage" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestLazyMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestLazyMessage.Parser, new[]{ "SubMessage" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedMessageHasBits), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedMessageHasBits.Parser, new[]{ "OptionalNestedMessage" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedMessageHasBits.Types.NestedMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedMessageHasBits.Types.NestedMessage.Parser, new[]{ "NestedmessageRepeatedInt32", "NestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestCamelCaseFieldNames), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestCamelCaseFieldNames.Parser, new[]{ "PrimitiveField", "StringField", "EnumField", "MessageField", "StringPieceField", "CordField", "RepeatedPrimitiveField", "RepeatedStringField", "RepeatedEnumField", "RepeatedMessageField", "RepeatedStringPieceField", "RepeatedCordField" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings.Parser, new[]{ "MyString", "MyInt", "MyFloat", "OptionalNestedMessage" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings.Types.NestedMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings.Types.NestedMessage.Parser, new[]{ "Oo", "Bb" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings1), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings1.Parser, new[]{ "MyString" }, null, null, new pb::Extension[] { global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings1.Extensions.TestExtOrderings1 }, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings2), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings2.Parser, new[]{ "MyString" }, null, null, new pb::Extension[] { global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings2.Extensions.TestExtOrderings2 }, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings2.Types.TestExtensionOrderings3), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings2.Types.TestExtensionOrderings3.Parser, new[]{ "MyString" }, null, null, new pb::Extension[] { global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings2.Types.TestExtensionOrderings3.Extensions.TestExtOrderings3 }, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtremeDefaultValues), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtremeDefaultValues.Parser, new[]{ "EscapedBytes", "LargeUint32", "LargeUint64", "SmallInt32", "SmallInt64", "ReallySmallInt32", "ReallySmallInt64", "Utf8String", "ZeroFloat", "OneFloat", "SmallFloat", "NegativeOneFloat", "NegativeFloat", "LargeFloat", "SmallNegativeFloat", "InfDouble", "NegInfDouble", "NanDouble", "InfFloat", "NegInfFloat", "NanFloat", "CppTrigraph", "StringWithZero", "BytesWithZero", "StringPieceWithZero", "CordWithZero", "ReplacementString" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.SparseEnumMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.SparseEnumMessage.Parser, new[]{ "SparseEnum" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.OneString), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.OneString.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.MoreString), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.MoreString.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.OneBytes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.OneBytes.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.MoreBytes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.MoreBytes.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.Int32Message), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.Int32Message.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.Uint32Message), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.Uint32Message.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.Int64Message), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.Int64Message.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.Uint64Message), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.Uint64Message.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.BoolMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.BoolMessage.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof.Parser, new[]{ "FooInt", "FooString", "FooMessage", "FooGroup" }, new[]{ "Foo" }, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof.Types.FooGroup), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof.Types.FooGroup.Parser, new[]{ "A", "B" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneofBackwardsCompatible), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneofBackwardsCompatible.Parser, new[]{ "FooInt", "FooString", "FooMessage", "FooGroup" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneofBackwardsCompatible.Types.FooGroup), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneofBackwardsCompatible.Types.FooGroup.Parser, new[]{ "A", "B" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Parser, new[]{ "FooInt", "FooString", "FooCord", "FooStringPiece", "FooBytes", "FooEnum", "FooMessage", "FooGroup", "FooLazyMessage", "BarInt", "BarString", "BarCord", "BarStringPiece", "BarBytes", "BarEnum", "BazInt", "BazString" }, new[]{ "Foo", "Bar" }, new[]{ typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedEnum) }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.FooGroup), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.FooGroup.Parser, new[]{ "A", "B" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedMessage.Parser, new[]{ "QuxInt", "CorgeInt" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredOneof), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredOneof.Parser, new[]{ "FooInt", "FooString", "FooMessage" }, new[]{ "Foo" }, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredOneof.Types.NestedMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredOneof.Types.NestedMessage.Parser, new[]{ "RequiredDouble" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredMap), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredMap.Parser, new[]{ "Foo" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredMap.Types.NestedMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredMap.Types.NestedMessage.Parser, new[]{ "RequiredInt32" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedTypes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedTypes.Parser, new[]{ "PackedInt32", "PackedInt64", "PackedUint32", "PackedUint64", "PackedSint32", "PackedSint64", "PackedFixed32", "PackedFixed64", "PackedSfixed32", "PackedSfixed64", "PackedFloat", "PackedDouble", "PackedBool", "PackedEnum" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedTypes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedTypes.Parser, new[]{ "UnpackedInt32", "UnpackedInt64", "UnpackedUint32", "UnpackedUint64", "UnpackedSint32", "UnpackedSint64", "UnpackedFixed32", "UnpackedFixed64", "UnpackedSfixed32", "UnpackedSfixed64", "UnpackedFloat", "UnpackedDouble", "UnpackedBool", "UnpackedEnum" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions.Parser, new[]{ "ScalarExtension", "EnumExtension", "DynamicEnumExtension", "MessageExtension", "DynamicMessageExtension", "RepeatedExtension", "PackedExtension" }, null, new[]{ typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions.Types.DynamicEnumType) }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions.Types.DynamicMessageType), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions.Types.DynamicMessageType.Parser, new[]{ "DynamicField" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes.Parser, new[]{ "RepeatedFixed32", "RepeatedInt32", "RepeatedFixed64", "RepeatedInt64", "RepeatedFloat", "RepeatedUint64" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Parser, new[]{ "RequiredAllTypes", "OptionalAllTypes", "RepeatedAllTypes", "OptionalGroup", "RepeatedGroup" }, null, null, new pb::Extension[] { global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Extensions.OptionalExt, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Extensions.RepeatedExt }, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Parser, new[]{ "Field1", "Field2", "Field3", "Group1", "Group2", "Ext1", "Ext2" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Types.Group1), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Types.Group1.Parser, new[]{ "Field1" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Types.Group2), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Types.Group2.Parser, new[]{ "Field1" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.OptionalGroup), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.OptionalGroup.Parser, new[]{ "OptionalGroupAllTypes" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedGroup), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedGroup.Parser, new[]{ "RepeatedGroupAllTypes" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestCommentInjectionMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestCommentInjectionMessage.Parser, new[]{ "A" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.FooRequest), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.FooRequest.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.FooResponse), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.FooResponse.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.FooClientMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.FooClientMessage.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.FooServerMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.FooServerMessage.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.BarRequest), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.BarRequest.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.BarResponse), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.BarResponse.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestJsonName), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestJsonName.Parser, new[]{ "FieldName1", "FieldName2", "FieldName3", "FieldName4", "FIELDNAME5", "FieldName6" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestHugeFieldNumbers), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestHugeFieldNumbers.Parser, new[]{ "OptionalInt32", "Fixed32", "RepeatedInt32", "PackedInt32", "OptionalEnum", "OptionalString", "OptionalBytes", "OptionalMessage", "OptionalGroup", "StringStringMap", "OneofUint32", "OneofTestAllTypes", "OneofString", "OneofBytes" }, new[]{ "OneofField" }, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestHugeFieldNumbers.Types.OptionalGroup), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestHugeFieldNumbers.Types.OptionalGroup.Parser, new[]{ "GroupA" }, null, null, null, null),
+            null, }),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionInsideTable), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionInsideTable.Parser, new[]{ "Field1", "Field2", "Field3", "Field4", "Field6", "Field7", "Field8", "Field9", "Field10" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  /// <summary>Holder for extension identifiers generated from the top level of unittest.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestExtensions {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Singular
+    /// </summary>
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int> OptionalInt32Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int>(1, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long> OptionalInt64Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long>(2, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(16, 0L));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, uint> OptionalUint32Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, uint>(3, pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(24, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, ulong> OptionalUint64Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, ulong>(4, pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(32, 0UL));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int> OptionalSint32Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int>(5, pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(40, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long> OptionalSint64Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long>(6, pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(48, 0L));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, uint> OptionalFixed32Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, uint>(7, pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(61, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, ulong> OptionalFixed64Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, ulong>(8, pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(65, 0UL));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int> OptionalSfixed32Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int>(9, pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(77, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long> OptionalSfixed64Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long>(10, pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(81, 0L));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, float> OptionalFloatExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, float>(11, pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(93, 0F));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, double> OptionalDoubleExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, double>(12, pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(97, 0D));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, bool> OptionalBoolExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, bool>(13, pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(104, false));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string> OptionalStringExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string>(14, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(114, ""));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, pb::ByteString> OptionalBytesExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, pb::ByteString>(15, pb::FieldCodec.ForBytes(122, pb::ByteString.Empty));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.OptionalGroup_extension> OptionalGroupExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.OptionalGroup_extension>(16, pb::FieldCodec.ForGroup(131, 132, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.OptionalGroup_extension.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage> OptionalNestedMessageExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage>(18, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(146, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage> OptionalForeignMessageExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage>(19, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(154, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage> OptionalImportMessageExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage>(20, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(162, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum> OptionalNestedEnumExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum>(21, pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(168, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum) x, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> OptionalForeignEnumExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum>(22, pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(176, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) x, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum> OptionalImportEnumExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum>(23, pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(184, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum) x, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum.ImportFoo));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string> OptionalStringPieceExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string>(24, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(194, ""));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string> OptionalCordExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string>(25, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(202, ""));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.PublicImportMessage> OptionalPublicImportMessageExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.PublicImportMessage>(26, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(210, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.PublicImportMessage.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage> OptionalLazyMessageExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage>(27, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(218, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage.Parser));
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Repeated
+    /// </summary>
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int> RepeatedInt32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int>(31, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(248));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long> RepeatedInt64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long>(32, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(256));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, uint> RepeatedUint32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, uint>(33, pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(264));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, ulong> RepeatedUint64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, ulong>(34, pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(272));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int> RepeatedSint32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int>(35, pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(280));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long> RepeatedSint64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long>(36, pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(288));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, uint> RepeatedFixed32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, uint>(37, pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(301));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, ulong> RepeatedFixed64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, ulong>(38, pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(305));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int> RepeatedSfixed32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int>(39, pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(317));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long> RepeatedSfixed64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long>(40, pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(321));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, float> RepeatedFloatExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, float>(41, pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(333));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, double> RepeatedDoubleExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, double>(42, pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(337));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, bool> RepeatedBoolExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, bool>(43, pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(344));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string> RepeatedStringExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string>(44, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(354));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, pb::ByteString> RepeatedBytesExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, pb::ByteString>(45, pb::FieldCodec.ForBytes(362));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.RepeatedGroup_extension> RepeatedGroupExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.RepeatedGroup_extension>(46, pb::FieldCodec.ForGroup(371, 372, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.RepeatedGroup_extension.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage> RepeatedNestedMessageExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage>(48, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(386, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage> RepeatedForeignMessageExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage>(49, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(394, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage> RepeatedImportMessageExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage>(50, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(402, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum> RepeatedNestedEnumExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum>(51, pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(408, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum) x));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> RepeatedForeignEnumExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum>(52, pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(416, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) x));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum> RepeatedImportEnumExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum>(53, pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(424, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum) x));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string> RepeatedStringPieceExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string>(54, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(434));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string> RepeatedCordExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string>(55, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(442));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage> RepeatedLazyMessageExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage>(57, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(458, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage.Parser));
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Singular with defaults
+    /// </summary>
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int> DefaultInt32Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int>(61, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(488, 41));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long> DefaultInt64Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long>(62, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(496, 42L));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, uint> DefaultUint32Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, uint>(63, pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(504, 43));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, ulong> DefaultUint64Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, ulong>(64, pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(512, 44UL));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int> DefaultSint32Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int>(65, pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(520, -45));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long> DefaultSint64Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long>(66, pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(528, 46L));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, uint> DefaultFixed32Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, uint>(67, pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(541, 47));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, ulong> DefaultFixed64Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, ulong>(68, pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(545, 48UL));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int> DefaultSfixed32Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, int>(69, pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(557, 49));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long> DefaultSfixed64Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, long>(70, pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(561, -50L));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, float> DefaultFloatExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, float>(71, pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(573, 51.5F));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, double> DefaultDoubleExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, double>(72, pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(577, 52000D));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, bool> DefaultBoolExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, bool>(73, pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(584, true));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string> DefaultStringExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string>(74, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(594, global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("aGVsbG8="), 0, 5)));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, pb::ByteString> DefaultBytesExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, pb::ByteString>(75, pb::FieldCodec.ForBytes(602, pb::ByteString.FromBase64("d29ybGQ=")));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum> DefaultNestedEnumExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum>(81, pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(648, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum) x, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Bar));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> DefaultForeignEnumExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum>(82, pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(656, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) x, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignBar));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum> DefaultImportEnumExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum>(83, pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(664, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum) x, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum.ImportBar));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string> DefaultStringPieceExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string>(84, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(674, global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("YWJj"), 0, 3)));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string> DefaultCordExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string>(85, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(682, global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("MTIz"), 0, 3)));
+    /// <summary>
+    /// For oneof test
+    /// </summary>
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, uint> OneofUint32Extension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, uint>(111, pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(888, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage> OneofNestedMessageExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage>(112, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(898, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string> OneofStringExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string>(113, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(906, ""));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, pb::ByteString> OneofBytesExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, pb::ByteString>(114, pb::FieldCodec.ForBytes(914, pb::ByteString.Empty));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings, string> MyExtensionString =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings, string>(50, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(402, ""));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings, int> MyExtensionInt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings, int>(5, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(40, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, int> PackedInt32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, int>(90, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(722));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, long> PackedInt64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, long>(91, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(730));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, uint> PackedUint32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, uint>(92, pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(738));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, ulong> PackedUint64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, ulong>(93, pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(746));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, int> PackedSint32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, int>(94, pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(754));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, long> PackedSint64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, long>(95, pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(762));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, uint> PackedFixed32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, uint>(96, pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(770));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, ulong> PackedFixed64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, ulong>(97, pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(778));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, int> PackedSfixed32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, int>(98, pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(786));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, long> PackedSfixed64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, long>(99, pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(794));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, float> PackedFloatExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, float>(100, pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(802));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, double> PackedDoubleExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, double>(101, pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(810));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, bool> PackedBoolExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, bool>(102, pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(818));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> PackedEnumExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestPackedExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum>(103, pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(826, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) x));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, int> UnpackedInt32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, int>(90, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(720));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, long> UnpackedInt64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, long>(91, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(728));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, uint> UnpackedUint32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, uint>(92, pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(736));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, ulong> UnpackedUint64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, ulong>(93, pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(744));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, int> UnpackedSint32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, int>(94, pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(752));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, long> UnpackedSint64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, long>(95, pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(760));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, uint> UnpackedFixed32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, uint>(96, pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(773));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, ulong> UnpackedFixed64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, ulong>(97, pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(777));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, int> UnpackedSfixed32Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, int>(98, pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(789));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, long> UnpackedSfixed64Extension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, long>(99, pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(793));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, float> UnpackedFloatExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, float>(100, pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(805));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, double> UnpackedDoubleExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, double>(101, pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(809));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, bool> UnpackedBoolExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, bool>(102, pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(816));
+    public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> UnpackedEnumExtension =
+      new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestUnpackedExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum>(103, pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(824, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) x));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestHugeFieldNumbers, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> TestAllTypes =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestHugeFieldNumbers, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes>(536860000, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(4294880002, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionInsideTable, int> TestExtensionInsideTableExtension =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionInsideTable, int>(5, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(40, 0));
+  }
+
+  #region Enums
+  public enum ForeignEnum {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOREIGN_FOO")] ForeignFoo = 4,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOREIGN_BAR")] ForeignBar = 5,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOREIGN_BAZ")] ForeignBaz = 6,
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test an enum that has multiple values with the same number.
+  /// </summary>
+  public enum TestEnumWithDupValue {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOO1")] Foo1 = 1,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("BAR1")] Bar1 = 2,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("BAZ")] Baz = 3,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOO2", PreferredAlias = false)] Foo2 = 1,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("BAR2", PreferredAlias = false)] Bar2 = 2,
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test an enum with large, unordered values.
+  /// </summary>
+  public enum TestSparseEnum {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SPARSE_A")] SparseA = 123,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SPARSE_B")] SparseB = 62374,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SPARSE_C")] SparseC = 12589234,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SPARSE_D")] SparseD = -15,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SPARSE_E")] SparseE = -53452,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SPARSE_F")] SparseF = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SPARSE_G")] SparseG = 2,
+  }
+
+  public enum VeryLargeEnum {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_DEFAULT")] EnumLabelDefault = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_1")] EnumLabel1 = 1,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_2")] EnumLabel2 = 2,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_3")] EnumLabel3 = 3,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_4")] EnumLabel4 = 4,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_5")] EnumLabel5 = 5,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_6")] EnumLabel6 = 6,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_7")] EnumLabel7 = 7,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_8")] EnumLabel8 = 8,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_9")] EnumLabel9 = 9,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_10")] EnumLabel10 = 10,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_11")] EnumLabel11 = 11,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_12")] EnumLabel12 = 12,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_13")] EnumLabel13 = 13,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_14")] EnumLabel14 = 14,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_15")] EnumLabel15 = 15,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_16")] EnumLabel16 = 16,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_17")] EnumLabel17 = 17,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_18")] EnumLabel18 = 18,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_19")] EnumLabel19 = 19,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_20")] EnumLabel20 = 20,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_21")] EnumLabel21 = 21,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_22")] EnumLabel22 = 22,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_23")] EnumLabel23 = 23,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_24")] EnumLabel24 = 24,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_25")] EnumLabel25 = 25,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_26")] EnumLabel26 = 26,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_27")] EnumLabel27 = 27,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_28")] EnumLabel28 = 28,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_29")] EnumLabel29 = 29,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_30")] EnumLabel30 = 30,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_31")] EnumLabel31 = 31,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_32")] EnumLabel32 = 32,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_33")] EnumLabel33 = 33,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_34")] EnumLabel34 = 34,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_35")] EnumLabel35 = 35,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_36")] EnumLabel36 = 36,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_37")] EnumLabel37 = 37,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_38")] EnumLabel38 = 38,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_39")] EnumLabel39 = 39,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_40")] EnumLabel40 = 40,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_41")] EnumLabel41 = 41,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_42")] EnumLabel42 = 42,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_43")] EnumLabel43 = 43,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_44")] EnumLabel44 = 44,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_45")] EnumLabel45 = 45,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_46")] EnumLabel46 = 46,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_47")] EnumLabel47 = 47,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_48")] EnumLabel48 = 48,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_49")] EnumLabel49 = 49,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_50")] EnumLabel50 = 50,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_51")] EnumLabel51 = 51,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_52")] EnumLabel52 = 52,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_53")] EnumLabel53 = 53,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_54")] EnumLabel54 = 54,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_55")] EnumLabel55 = 55,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_56")] EnumLabel56 = 56,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_57")] EnumLabel57 = 57,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_58")] EnumLabel58 = 58,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_59")] EnumLabel59 = 59,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_60")] EnumLabel60 = 60,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_61")] EnumLabel61 = 61,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_62")] EnumLabel62 = 62,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_63")] EnumLabel63 = 63,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_64")] EnumLabel64 = 64,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_65")] EnumLabel65 = 65,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_66")] EnumLabel66 = 66,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_67")] EnumLabel67 = 67,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_68")] EnumLabel68 = 68,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_69")] EnumLabel69 = 69,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_70")] EnumLabel70 = 70,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_71")] EnumLabel71 = 71,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_72")] EnumLabel72 = 72,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_73")] EnumLabel73 = 73,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_74")] EnumLabel74 = 74,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_75")] EnumLabel75 = 75,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_76")] EnumLabel76 = 76,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_77")] EnumLabel77 = 77,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_78")] EnumLabel78 = 78,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_79")] EnumLabel79 = 79,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_80")] EnumLabel80 = 80,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_81")] EnumLabel81 = 81,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_82")] EnumLabel82 = 82,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_83")] EnumLabel83 = 83,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_84")] EnumLabel84 = 84,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_85")] EnumLabel85 = 85,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_86")] EnumLabel86 = 86,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_87")] EnumLabel87 = 87,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_88")] EnumLabel88 = 88,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_89")] EnumLabel89 = 89,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_90")] EnumLabel90 = 90,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_91")] EnumLabel91 = 91,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_92")] EnumLabel92 = 92,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_93")] EnumLabel93 = 93,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_94")] EnumLabel94 = 94,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_95")] EnumLabel95 = 95,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_96")] EnumLabel96 = 96,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_97")] EnumLabel97 = 97,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_98")] EnumLabel98 = 98,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_99")] EnumLabel99 = 99,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ENUM_LABEL_100")] EnumLabel100 = 100,
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+  /// forms.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestAllTypes : pb::IMessage<TestAllTypes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestAllTypes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestAllTypes>(() => new TestAllTypes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    private int _hasBits1;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestAllTypes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllTypes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllTypes(TestAllTypes other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      _hasBits1 = other._hasBits1;
+      optionalInt32_ = other.optionalInt32_;
+      optionalInt64_ = other.optionalInt64_;
+      optionalUint32_ = other.optionalUint32_;
+      optionalUint64_ = other.optionalUint64_;
+      optionalSint32_ = other.optionalSint32_;
+      optionalSint64_ = other.optionalSint64_;
+      optionalFixed32_ = other.optionalFixed32_;
+      optionalFixed64_ = other.optionalFixed64_;
+      optionalSfixed32_ = other.optionalSfixed32_;
+      optionalSfixed64_ = other.optionalSfixed64_;
+      optionalFloat_ = other.optionalFloat_;
+      optionalDouble_ = other.optionalDouble_;
+      optionalBool_ = other.optionalBool_;
+      optionalString_ = other.optionalString_;
+      optionalBytes_ = other.optionalBytes_;
+      optionalGroup_ = other.HasOptionalGroup ? other.optionalGroup_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalNestedMessage_ = other.HasOptionalNestedMessage ? other.optionalNestedMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalForeignMessage_ = other.HasOptionalForeignMessage ? other.optionalForeignMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalImportMessage_ = other.HasOptionalImportMessage ? other.optionalImportMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalNestedEnum_ = other.optionalNestedEnum_;
+      optionalForeignEnum_ = other.optionalForeignEnum_;
+      optionalImportEnum_ = other.optionalImportEnum_;
+      optionalStringPiece_ = other.optionalStringPiece_;
+      optionalCord_ = other.optionalCord_;
+      optionalPublicImportMessage_ = other.HasOptionalPublicImportMessage ? other.optionalPublicImportMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalLazyMessage_ = other.HasOptionalLazyMessage ? other.optionalLazyMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      repeatedInt32_ = other.repeatedInt32_.Clone();
+      repeatedInt64_ = other.repeatedInt64_.Clone();
+      repeatedUint32_ = other.repeatedUint32_.Clone();
+      repeatedUint64_ = other.repeatedUint64_.Clone();
+      repeatedSint32_ = other.repeatedSint32_.Clone();
+      repeatedSint64_ = other.repeatedSint64_.Clone();
+      repeatedFixed32_ = other.repeatedFixed32_.Clone();
+      repeatedFixed64_ = other.repeatedFixed64_.Clone();
+      repeatedSfixed32_ = other.repeatedSfixed32_.Clone();
+      repeatedSfixed64_ = other.repeatedSfixed64_.Clone();
+      repeatedFloat_ = other.repeatedFloat_.Clone();
+      repeatedDouble_ = other.repeatedDouble_.Clone();
+      repeatedBool_ = other.repeatedBool_.Clone();
+      repeatedString_ = other.repeatedString_.Clone();
+      repeatedBytes_ = other.repeatedBytes_.Clone();
+      repeatedGroup_ = other.repeatedGroup_.Clone();
+      repeatedNestedMessage_ = other.repeatedNestedMessage_.Clone();
+      repeatedForeignMessage_ = other.repeatedForeignMessage_.Clone();
+      repeatedImportMessage_ = other.repeatedImportMessage_.Clone();
+      repeatedNestedEnum_ = other.repeatedNestedEnum_.Clone();
+      repeatedForeignEnum_ = other.repeatedForeignEnum_.Clone();
+      repeatedImportEnum_ = other.repeatedImportEnum_.Clone();
+      repeatedStringPiece_ = other.repeatedStringPiece_.Clone();
+      repeatedCord_ = other.repeatedCord_.Clone();
+      repeatedLazyMessage_ = other.repeatedLazyMessage_.Clone();
+      defaultInt32_ = other.defaultInt32_;
+      defaultInt64_ = other.defaultInt64_;
+      defaultUint32_ = other.defaultUint32_;
+      defaultUint64_ = other.defaultUint64_;
+      defaultSint32_ = other.defaultSint32_;
+      defaultSint64_ = other.defaultSint64_;
+      defaultFixed32_ = other.defaultFixed32_;
+      defaultFixed64_ = other.defaultFixed64_;
+      defaultSfixed32_ = other.defaultSfixed32_;
+      defaultSfixed64_ = other.defaultSfixed64_;
+      defaultFloat_ = other.defaultFloat_;
+      defaultDouble_ = other.defaultDouble_;
+      defaultBool_ = other.defaultBool_;
+      defaultString_ = other.defaultString_;
+      defaultBytes_ = other.defaultBytes_;
+      defaultNestedEnum_ = other.defaultNestedEnum_;
+      defaultForeignEnum_ = other.defaultForeignEnum_;
+      defaultImportEnum_ = other.defaultImportEnum_;
+      defaultStringPiece_ = other.defaultStringPiece_;
+      defaultCord_ = other.defaultCord_;
+      switch (other.OneofFieldCase) {
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32:
+          OneofUint32 = other.OneofUint32;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage:
+          OneofNestedMessage = other.OneofNestedMessage.Clone();
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString:
+          OneofString = other.OneofString;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes:
+          OneofBytes = other.OneofBytes;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllTypes Clone() {
+      return new TestAllTypes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalInt32FieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int OptionalInt32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int optionalInt32_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Singular
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OptionalInt32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return optionalInt32_; } else { return OptionalInt32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        optionalInt32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_int32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalInt32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_int32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalInt32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalInt64FieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static long OptionalInt64DefaultValue = 0L;
+
+    private long optionalInt64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long OptionalInt64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return optionalInt64_; } else { return OptionalInt64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        optionalInt64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_int64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalInt64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_int64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalInt64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalUint32FieldNumber = 3;
+    private readonly static uint OptionalUint32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private uint optionalUint32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint OptionalUint32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4) != 0) { return optionalUint32_; } else { return OptionalUint32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4;
+        optionalUint32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_uint32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalUint32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_uint32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalUint32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalUint64FieldNumber = 4;
+    private readonly static ulong OptionalUint64DefaultValue = 0UL;
+
+    private ulong optionalUint64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong OptionalUint64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8) != 0) { return optionalUint64_; } else { return OptionalUint64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8;
+        optionalUint64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_uint64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalUint64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_uint64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalUint64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalSint32FieldNumber = 5;
+    private readonly static int OptionalSint32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int optionalSint32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OptionalSint32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16) != 0) { return optionalSint32_; } else { return OptionalSint32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16;
+        optionalSint32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_sint32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalSint32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_sint32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalSint32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalSint64FieldNumber = 6;
+    private readonly static long OptionalSint64DefaultValue = 0L;
+
+    private long optionalSint64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long OptionalSint64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 32) != 0) { return optionalSint64_; } else { return OptionalSint64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 32;
+        optionalSint64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_sint64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalSint64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 32) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_sint64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalSint64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~32;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalFixed32FieldNumber = 7;
+    private readonly static uint OptionalFixed32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private uint optionalFixed32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint OptionalFixed32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 64) != 0) { return optionalFixed32_; } else { return OptionalFixed32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 64;
+        optionalFixed32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_fixed32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalFixed32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 64) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_fixed32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalFixed32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~64;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalFixed64FieldNumber = 8;
+    private readonly static ulong OptionalFixed64DefaultValue = 0UL;
+
+    private ulong optionalFixed64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong OptionalFixed64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 128) != 0) { return optionalFixed64_; } else { return OptionalFixed64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 128;
+        optionalFixed64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_fixed64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalFixed64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 128) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_fixed64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalFixed64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~128;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalSfixed32FieldNumber = 9;
+    private readonly static int OptionalSfixed32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int optionalSfixed32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OptionalSfixed32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 256) != 0) { return optionalSfixed32_; } else { return OptionalSfixed32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 256;
+        optionalSfixed32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_sfixed32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalSfixed32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 256) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_sfixed32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalSfixed32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~256;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalSfixed64FieldNumber = 10;
+    private readonly static long OptionalSfixed64DefaultValue = 0L;
+
+    private long optionalSfixed64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long OptionalSfixed64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 512) != 0) { return optionalSfixed64_; } else { return OptionalSfixed64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 512;
+        optionalSfixed64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_sfixed64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalSfixed64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 512) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_sfixed64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalSfixed64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~512;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalFloatFieldNumber = 11;
+    private readonly static float OptionalFloatDefaultValue = 0F;
+
+    private float optionalFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float OptionalFloat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1024) != 0) { return optionalFloat_; } else { return OptionalFloatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1024;
+        optionalFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalFloat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1024) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_float" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalFloat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1024;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalDoubleFieldNumber = 12;
+    private readonly static double OptionalDoubleDefaultValue = 0D;
+
+    private double optionalDouble_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double OptionalDouble {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2048) != 0) { return optionalDouble_; } else { return OptionalDoubleDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2048;
+        optionalDouble_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_double" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalDouble {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2048) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_double" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalDouble() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2048;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalBoolFieldNumber = 13;
+    private readonly static bool OptionalBoolDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool optionalBool_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool OptionalBool {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4096) != 0) { return optionalBool_; } else { return OptionalBoolDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4096;
+        optionalBool_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_bool" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalBool {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4096) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_bool" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalBool() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4096;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalStringFieldNumber = 14;
+    private readonly static string OptionalStringDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string optionalString_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OptionalString {
+      get { return optionalString_ ?? OptionalStringDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        optionalString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalString {
+      get { return optionalString_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_string" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalString() {
+      optionalString_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalBytesFieldNumber = 15;
+    private readonly static pb::ByteString OptionalBytesDefaultValue = pb::ByteString.Empty;
+
+    private pb::ByteString optionalBytes_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString OptionalBytes {
+      get { return optionalBytes_ ?? OptionalBytesDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        optionalBytes_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_bytes" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalBytes {
+      get { return optionalBytes_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_bytes" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalBytes() {
+      optionalBytes_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optionalgroup" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalGroupFieldNumber = 16;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup optionalGroup_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup OptionalGroup {
+      get { return optionalGroup_; }
+      set {
+        optionalGroup_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optionalgroup field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalGroup {
+      get { return optionalGroup_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optionalgroup field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalGroup() {
+      optionalGroup_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalNestedMessageFieldNumber = 18;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage optionalNestedMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage OptionalNestedMessage {
+      get { return optionalNestedMessage_; }
+      set {
+        optionalNestedMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optional_nested_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalNestedMessage {
+      get { return optionalNestedMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optional_nested_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalNestedMessage() {
+      optionalNestedMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_foreign_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalForeignMessageFieldNumber = 19;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage optionalForeignMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage OptionalForeignMessage {
+      get { return optionalForeignMessage_; }
+      set {
+        optionalForeignMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optional_foreign_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalForeignMessage {
+      get { return optionalForeignMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optional_foreign_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalForeignMessage() {
+      optionalForeignMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_import_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalImportMessageFieldNumber = 20;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage optionalImportMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage OptionalImportMessage {
+      get { return optionalImportMessage_; }
+      set {
+        optionalImportMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optional_import_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalImportMessage {
+      get { return optionalImportMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optional_import_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalImportMessage() {
+      optionalImportMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalNestedEnumFieldNumber = 21;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum OptionalNestedEnumDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum optionalNestedEnum_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum OptionalNestedEnum {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8192) != 0) { return optionalNestedEnum_; } else { return OptionalNestedEnumDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8192;
+        optionalNestedEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_nested_enum" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalNestedEnum {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8192) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_nested_enum" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalNestedEnum() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8192;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_foreign_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalForeignEnumFieldNumber = 22;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum OptionalForeignEnumDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum optionalForeignEnum_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum OptionalForeignEnum {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16384) != 0) { return optionalForeignEnum_; } else { return OptionalForeignEnumDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16384;
+        optionalForeignEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_foreign_enum" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalForeignEnum {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16384) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_foreign_enum" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalForeignEnum() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16384;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_import_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalImportEnumFieldNumber = 23;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum OptionalImportEnumDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum.ImportFoo;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum optionalImportEnum_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum OptionalImportEnum {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 32768) != 0) { return optionalImportEnum_; } else { return OptionalImportEnumDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 32768;
+        optionalImportEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_import_enum" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalImportEnum {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 32768) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_import_enum" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalImportEnum() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~32768;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_string_piece" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalStringPieceFieldNumber = 24;
+    private readonly static string OptionalStringPieceDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string optionalStringPiece_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OptionalStringPiece {
+      get { return optionalStringPiece_ ?? OptionalStringPieceDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        optionalStringPiece_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_string_piece" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalStringPiece {
+      get { return optionalStringPiece_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_string_piece" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalStringPiece() {
+      optionalStringPiece_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_cord" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalCordFieldNumber = 25;
+    private readonly static string OptionalCordDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string optionalCord_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OptionalCord {
+      get { return optionalCord_ ?? OptionalCordDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        optionalCord_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_cord" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalCord {
+      get { return optionalCord_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_cord" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalCord() {
+      optionalCord_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_public_import_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalPublicImportMessageFieldNumber = 26;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.PublicImportMessage optionalPublicImportMessage_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.PublicImportMessage OptionalPublicImportMessage {
+      get { return optionalPublicImportMessage_; }
+      set {
+        optionalPublicImportMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optional_public_import_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalPublicImportMessage {
+      get { return optionalPublicImportMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optional_public_import_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalPublicImportMessage() {
+      optionalPublicImportMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_lazy_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalLazyMessageFieldNumber = 27;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage optionalLazyMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage OptionalLazyMessage {
+      get { return optionalLazyMessage_; }
+      set {
+        optionalLazyMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optional_lazy_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalLazyMessage {
+      get { return optionalLazyMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optional_lazy_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalLazyMessage() {
+      optionalLazyMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt32FieldNumber = 31;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(248);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Repeated
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedInt32 {
+      get { return repeatedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt64FieldNumber = 32;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(256);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> repeatedInt64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> RepeatedInt64 {
+      get { return repeatedInt64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedUint32FieldNumber = 33;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_repeatedUint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(264);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> repeatedUint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> RepeatedUint32 {
+      get { return repeatedUint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedUint64FieldNumber = 34;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(272);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> repeatedUint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> RepeatedUint64 {
+      get { return repeatedUint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSint32FieldNumber = 35;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedSint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(280);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedSint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedSint32 {
+      get { return repeatedSint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSint64FieldNumber = 36;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_repeatedSint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(288);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> repeatedSint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> RepeatedSint64 {
+      get { return repeatedSint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFixed32FieldNumber = 37;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(301);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> repeatedFixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> RepeatedFixed32 {
+      get { return repeatedFixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFixed64FieldNumber = 38;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(305);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> repeatedFixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> RepeatedFixed64 {
+      get { return repeatedFixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSfixed32FieldNumber = 39;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(317);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedSfixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedSfixed32 {
+      get { return repeatedSfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSfixed64FieldNumber = 40;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(321);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> repeatedSfixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> RepeatedSfixed64 {
+      get { return repeatedSfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFloatFieldNumber = 41;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float> _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(333);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float> repeatedFloat_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float> RepeatedFloat {
+      get { return repeatedFloat_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedDoubleFieldNumber = 42;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double> _repeated_repeatedDouble_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(337);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<double> repeatedDouble_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<double> RepeatedDouble {
+      get { return repeatedDouble_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedBoolFieldNumber = 43;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool> _repeated_repeatedBool_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(344);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<bool> repeatedBool_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<bool> RepeatedBool {
+      get { return repeatedBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedStringFieldNumber = 44;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedString_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(354);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedString_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedString {
+      get { return repeatedString_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedBytesFieldNumber = 45;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<pb::ByteString> _repeated_repeatedBytes_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBytes(362);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> repeatedBytes_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> RepeatedBytes {
+      get { return repeatedBytes_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeatedgroup" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedGroupFieldNumber = 46;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.RepeatedGroup> _repeated_repeatedGroup_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForGroup(371, 372, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.RepeatedGroup.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.RepeatedGroup> repeatedGroup_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.RepeatedGroup>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.RepeatedGroup> RepeatedGroup {
+      get { return repeatedGroup_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedNestedMessageFieldNumber = 48;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage> _repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(386, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage> repeatedNestedMessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage> RepeatedNestedMessage {
+      get { return repeatedNestedMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_foreign_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedForeignMessageFieldNumber = 49;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage> _repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(394, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage> repeatedForeignMessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage> RepeatedForeignMessage {
+      get { return repeatedForeignMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_import_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedImportMessageFieldNumber = 50;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage> _repeated_repeatedImportMessage_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(402, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage> repeatedImportMessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage> RepeatedImportMessage {
+      get { return repeatedImportMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedNestedEnumFieldNumber = 51;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum> _repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(408, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum> repeatedNestedEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum> RepeatedNestedEnum {
+      get { return repeatedNestedEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_foreign_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedForeignEnumFieldNumber = 52;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> _repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(416, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> repeatedForeignEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> RepeatedForeignEnum {
+      get { return repeatedForeignEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_import_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedImportEnumFieldNumber = 53;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum> _repeated_repeatedImportEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(424, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum> repeatedImportEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum> RepeatedImportEnum {
+      get { return repeatedImportEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_string_piece" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedStringPieceFieldNumber = 54;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedStringPiece_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(434);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedStringPiece_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedStringPiece {
+      get { return repeatedStringPiece_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_cord" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedCordFieldNumber = 55;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedCord_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(442);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedCord_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedCord {
+      get { return repeatedCord_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_lazy_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedLazyMessageFieldNumber = 57;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage> _repeated_repeatedLazyMessage_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(458, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage> repeatedLazyMessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage> RepeatedLazyMessage {
+      get { return repeatedLazyMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultInt32FieldNumber = 61;
+    private readonly static int DefaultInt32DefaultValue = 41;
+
+    private int defaultInt32_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Singular with defaults
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int DefaultInt32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 65536) != 0) { return defaultInt32_; } else { return DefaultInt32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 65536;
+        defaultInt32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_int32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultInt32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 65536) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_int32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultInt32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~65536;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultInt64FieldNumber = 62;
+    private readonly static long DefaultInt64DefaultValue = 42L;
+
+    private long defaultInt64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long DefaultInt64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 131072) != 0) { return defaultInt64_; } else { return DefaultInt64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 131072;
+        defaultInt64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_int64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultInt64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 131072) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_int64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultInt64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~131072;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultUint32FieldNumber = 63;
+    private readonly static uint DefaultUint32DefaultValue = 43;
+
+    private uint defaultUint32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint DefaultUint32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 262144) != 0) { return defaultUint32_; } else { return DefaultUint32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 262144;
+        defaultUint32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_uint32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultUint32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 262144) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_uint32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultUint32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~262144;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultUint64FieldNumber = 64;
+    private readonly static ulong DefaultUint64DefaultValue = 44UL;
+
+    private ulong defaultUint64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong DefaultUint64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 524288) != 0) { return defaultUint64_; } else { return DefaultUint64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 524288;
+        defaultUint64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_uint64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultUint64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 524288) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_uint64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultUint64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~524288;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultSint32FieldNumber = 65;
+    private readonly static int DefaultSint32DefaultValue = -45;
+
+    private int defaultSint32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int DefaultSint32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1048576) != 0) { return defaultSint32_; } else { return DefaultSint32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1048576;
+        defaultSint32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_sint32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultSint32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1048576) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_sint32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultSint32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1048576;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultSint64FieldNumber = 66;
+    private readonly static long DefaultSint64DefaultValue = 46L;
+
+    private long defaultSint64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long DefaultSint64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2097152) != 0) { return defaultSint64_; } else { return DefaultSint64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2097152;
+        defaultSint64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_sint64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultSint64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2097152) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_sint64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultSint64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2097152;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultFixed32FieldNumber = 67;
+    private readonly static uint DefaultFixed32DefaultValue = 47;
+
+    private uint defaultFixed32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint DefaultFixed32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4194304) != 0) { return defaultFixed32_; } else { return DefaultFixed32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4194304;
+        defaultFixed32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_fixed32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultFixed32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4194304) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_fixed32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultFixed32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4194304;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultFixed64FieldNumber = 68;
+    private readonly static ulong DefaultFixed64DefaultValue = 48UL;
+
+    private ulong defaultFixed64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong DefaultFixed64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8388608) != 0) { return defaultFixed64_; } else { return DefaultFixed64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8388608;
+        defaultFixed64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_fixed64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultFixed64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8388608) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_fixed64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultFixed64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8388608;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultSfixed32FieldNumber = 69;
+    private readonly static int DefaultSfixed32DefaultValue = 49;
+
+    private int defaultSfixed32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int DefaultSfixed32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16777216) != 0) { return defaultSfixed32_; } else { return DefaultSfixed32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16777216;
+        defaultSfixed32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_sfixed32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultSfixed32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16777216) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_sfixed32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultSfixed32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16777216;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultSfixed64FieldNumber = 70;
+    private readonly static long DefaultSfixed64DefaultValue = -50L;
+
+    private long defaultSfixed64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long DefaultSfixed64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 33554432) != 0) { return defaultSfixed64_; } else { return DefaultSfixed64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 33554432;
+        defaultSfixed64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_sfixed64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultSfixed64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 33554432) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_sfixed64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultSfixed64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~33554432;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultFloatFieldNumber = 71;
+    private readonly static float DefaultFloatDefaultValue = 51.5F;
+
+    private float defaultFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float DefaultFloat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 67108864) != 0) { return defaultFloat_; } else { return DefaultFloatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 67108864;
+        defaultFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultFloat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 67108864) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_float" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultFloat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~67108864;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultDoubleFieldNumber = 72;
+    private readonly static double DefaultDoubleDefaultValue = 52000D;
+
+    private double defaultDouble_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DefaultDouble {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 134217728) != 0) { return defaultDouble_; } else { return DefaultDoubleDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 134217728;
+        defaultDouble_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_double" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultDouble {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 134217728) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_double" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultDouble() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~134217728;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultBoolFieldNumber = 73;
+    private readonly static bool DefaultBoolDefaultValue = true;
+
+    private bool defaultBool_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool DefaultBool {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 268435456) != 0) { return defaultBool_; } else { return DefaultBoolDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 268435456;
+        defaultBool_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_bool" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultBool {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 268435456) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_bool" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultBool() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~268435456;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultStringFieldNumber = 74;
+    private readonly static string DefaultStringDefaultValue = global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("aGVsbG8="), 0, 5);
+
+    private string defaultString_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string DefaultString {
+      get { return defaultString_ ?? DefaultStringDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        defaultString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultString {
+      get { return defaultString_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_string" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultString() {
+      defaultString_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultBytesFieldNumber = 75;
+    private readonly static pb::ByteString DefaultBytesDefaultValue = pb::ByteString.FromBase64("d29ybGQ=");
+
+    private pb::ByteString defaultBytes_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString DefaultBytes {
+      get { return defaultBytes_ ?? DefaultBytesDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        defaultBytes_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_bytes" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultBytes {
+      get { return defaultBytes_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_bytes" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultBytes() {
+      defaultBytes_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultNestedEnumFieldNumber = 81;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum DefaultNestedEnumDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Bar;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum defaultNestedEnum_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum DefaultNestedEnum {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 536870912) != 0) { return defaultNestedEnum_; } else { return DefaultNestedEnumDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 536870912;
+        defaultNestedEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_nested_enum" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultNestedEnum {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 536870912) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_nested_enum" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultNestedEnum() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~536870912;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_foreign_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultForeignEnumFieldNumber = 82;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum DefaultForeignEnumDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignBar;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum defaultForeignEnum_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum DefaultForeignEnum {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1073741824) != 0) { return defaultForeignEnum_; } else { return DefaultForeignEnumDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1073741824;
+        defaultForeignEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_foreign_enum" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultForeignEnum {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1073741824) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_foreign_enum" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultForeignEnum() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1073741824;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_import_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultImportEnumFieldNumber = 83;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum DefaultImportEnumDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum.ImportBar;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum defaultImportEnum_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum DefaultImportEnum {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & -2147483648) != 0) { return defaultImportEnum_; } else { return DefaultImportEnumDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= -2147483648;
+        defaultImportEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_import_enum" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultImportEnum {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & -2147483648) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_import_enum" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultImportEnum() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~-2147483648;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_string_piece" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultStringPieceFieldNumber = 84;
+    private readonly static string DefaultStringPieceDefaultValue = global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("YWJj"), 0, 3);
+
+    private string defaultStringPiece_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string DefaultStringPiece {
+      get { return defaultStringPiece_ ?? DefaultStringPieceDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        defaultStringPiece_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_string_piece" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultStringPiece {
+      get { return defaultStringPiece_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_string_piece" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultStringPiece() {
+      defaultStringPiece_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_cord" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultCordFieldNumber = 85;
+    private readonly static string DefaultCordDefaultValue = global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("MTIz"), 0, 3);
+
+    private string defaultCord_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string DefaultCord {
+      get { return defaultCord_ ?? DefaultCordDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        defaultCord_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_cord" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultCord {
+      get { return defaultCord_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_cord" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultCord() {
+      defaultCord_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofUint32FieldNumber = 111;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint OneofUint32 {
+      get { return HasOneofUint32 ? (uint) oneofField_ : 0; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_uint32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofUint32 {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_uint32" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofUint32() {
+      if (HasOneofUint32) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofNestedMessageFieldNumber = 112;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage OneofNestedMessage {
+      get { return HasOneofNestedMessage ? (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage) oneofField_ : null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_nested_message" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofNestedMessage {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_nested_message" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofNestedMessage() {
+      if (HasOneofNestedMessage) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofStringFieldNumber = 113;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OneofString {
+      get { return HasOneofString ? (string) oneofField_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofString {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_string" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofString() {
+      if (HasOneofString) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofBytesFieldNumber = 114;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString OneofBytes {
+      get { return HasOneofBytes ? (pb::ByteString) oneofField_ : pb::ByteString.Empty; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_bytes" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofBytes {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_bytes" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofBytes() {
+      if (HasOneofBytes) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object oneofField_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "oneof_field" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum OneofFieldOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      OneofUint32 = 111,
+      OneofNestedMessage = 112,
+      OneofString = 113,
+      OneofBytes = 114,
+    }
+    private OneofFieldOneofCase oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofFieldOneofCase OneofFieldCase {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofField() {
+      oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.None;
+      oneofField_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestAllTypes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestAllTypes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (OptionalInt32 != other.OptionalInt32) return false;
+      if (OptionalInt64 != other.OptionalInt64) return false;
+      if (OptionalUint32 != other.OptionalUint32) return false;
+      if (OptionalUint64 != other.OptionalUint64) return false;
+      if (OptionalSint32 != other.OptionalSint32) return false;
+      if (OptionalSint64 != other.OptionalSint64) return false;
+      if (OptionalFixed32 != other.OptionalFixed32) return false;
+      if (OptionalFixed64 != other.OptionalFixed64) return false;
+      if (OptionalSfixed32 != other.OptionalSfixed32) return false;
+      if (OptionalSfixed64 != other.OptionalSfixed64) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(OptionalFloat, other.OptionalFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(OptionalDouble, other.OptionalDouble)) return false;
+      if (OptionalBool != other.OptionalBool) return false;
+      if (OptionalString != other.OptionalString) return false;
+      if (OptionalBytes != other.OptionalBytes) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalGroup, other.OptionalGroup)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalNestedMessage, other.OptionalNestedMessage)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalForeignMessage, other.OptionalForeignMessage)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalImportMessage, other.OptionalImportMessage)) return false;
+      if (OptionalNestedEnum != other.OptionalNestedEnum) return false;
+      if (OptionalForeignEnum != other.OptionalForeignEnum) return false;
+      if (OptionalImportEnum != other.OptionalImportEnum) return false;
+      if (OptionalStringPiece != other.OptionalStringPiece) return false;
+      if (OptionalCord != other.OptionalCord) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalPublicImportMessage, other.OptionalPublicImportMessage)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalLazyMessage, other.OptionalLazyMessage)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt32_.Equals(other.repeatedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt64_.Equals(other.repeatedInt64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedUint32_.Equals(other.repeatedUint32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedUint64_.Equals(other.repeatedUint64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSint32_.Equals(other.repeatedSint32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSint64_.Equals(other.repeatedSint64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFixed32_.Equals(other.repeatedFixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFixed64_.Equals(other.repeatedFixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSfixed32_.Equals(other.repeatedSfixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSfixed64_.Equals(other.repeatedSfixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFloat_.Equals(other.repeatedFloat_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedDouble_.Equals(other.repeatedDouble_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedBool_.Equals(other.repeatedBool_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedString_.Equals(other.repeatedString_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedBytes_.Equals(other.repeatedBytes_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedGroup_.Equals(other.repeatedGroup_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedNestedMessage_.Equals(other.repeatedNestedMessage_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedForeignMessage_.Equals(other.repeatedForeignMessage_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedImportMessage_.Equals(other.repeatedImportMessage_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedNestedEnum_.Equals(other.repeatedNestedEnum_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedForeignEnum_.Equals(other.repeatedForeignEnum_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedImportEnum_.Equals(other.repeatedImportEnum_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedStringPiece_.Equals(other.repeatedStringPiece_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedCord_.Equals(other.repeatedCord_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedLazyMessage_.Equals(other.repeatedLazyMessage_)) return false;
+      if (DefaultInt32 != other.DefaultInt32) return false;
+      if (DefaultInt64 != other.DefaultInt64) return false;
+      if (DefaultUint32 != other.DefaultUint32) return false;
+      if (DefaultUint64 != other.DefaultUint64) return false;
+      if (DefaultSint32 != other.DefaultSint32) return false;
+      if (DefaultSint64 != other.DefaultSint64) return false;
+      if (DefaultFixed32 != other.DefaultFixed32) return false;
+      if (DefaultFixed64 != other.DefaultFixed64) return false;
+      if (DefaultSfixed32 != other.DefaultSfixed32) return false;
+      if (DefaultSfixed64 != other.DefaultSfixed64) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(DefaultFloat, other.DefaultFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DefaultDouble, other.DefaultDouble)) return false;
+      if (DefaultBool != other.DefaultBool) return false;
+      if (DefaultString != other.DefaultString) return false;
+      if (DefaultBytes != other.DefaultBytes) return false;
+      if (DefaultNestedEnum != other.DefaultNestedEnum) return false;
+      if (DefaultForeignEnum != other.DefaultForeignEnum) return false;
+      if (DefaultImportEnum != other.DefaultImportEnum) return false;
+      if (DefaultStringPiece != other.DefaultStringPiece) return false;
+      if (DefaultCord != other.DefaultCord) return false;
+      if (OneofUint32 != other.OneofUint32) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OneofNestedMessage, other.OneofNestedMessage)) return false;
+      if (OneofString != other.OneofString) return false;
+      if (OneofBytes != other.OneofBytes) return false;
+      if (OneofFieldCase != other.OneofFieldCase) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) hash ^= OptionalInt32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalInt64) hash ^= OptionalInt64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalUint32) hash ^= OptionalUint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalUint64) hash ^= OptionalUint64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalSint32) hash ^= OptionalSint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalSint64) hash ^= OptionalSint64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalFixed32) hash ^= OptionalFixed32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalFixed64) hash ^= OptionalFixed64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalSfixed32) hash ^= OptionalSfixed32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalSfixed64) hash ^= OptionalSfixed64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(OptionalFloat);
+      if (HasOptionalDouble) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(OptionalDouble);
+      if (HasOptionalBool) hash ^= OptionalBool.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalString) hash ^= OptionalString.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalBytes) hash ^= OptionalBytes.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) hash ^= OptionalGroup.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalNestedMessage) hash ^= OptionalNestedMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalForeignMessage) hash ^= OptionalForeignMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalImportMessage) hash ^= OptionalImportMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalNestedEnum) hash ^= OptionalNestedEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalForeignEnum) hash ^= OptionalForeignEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalImportEnum) hash ^= OptionalImportEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalStringPiece) hash ^= OptionalStringPiece.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalCord) hash ^= OptionalCord.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalPublicImportMessage) hash ^= OptionalPublicImportMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalLazyMessage) hash ^= OptionalLazyMessage.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedUint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedUint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSfixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSfixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFloat_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedDouble_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedBool_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedString_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedBytes_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedGroup_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedNestedMessage_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedForeignMessage_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedImportMessage_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedNestedEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedForeignEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedImportEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedStringPiece_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedCord_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedLazyMessage_.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultInt32) hash ^= DefaultInt32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultInt64) hash ^= DefaultInt64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultUint32) hash ^= DefaultUint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultUint64) hash ^= DefaultUint64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultSint32) hash ^= DefaultSint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultSint64) hash ^= DefaultSint64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultFixed32) hash ^= DefaultFixed32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultFixed64) hash ^= DefaultFixed64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultSfixed32) hash ^= DefaultSfixed32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultSfixed64) hash ^= DefaultSfixed64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DefaultFloat);
+      if (HasDefaultDouble) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DefaultDouble);
+      if (HasDefaultBool) hash ^= DefaultBool.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultString) hash ^= DefaultString.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultBytes) hash ^= DefaultBytes.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultNestedEnum) hash ^= DefaultNestedEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultForeignEnum) hash ^= DefaultForeignEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultImportEnum) hash ^= DefaultImportEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultStringPiece) hash ^= DefaultStringPiece.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultCord) hash ^= DefaultCord.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofUint32) hash ^= OneofUint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofNestedMessage) hash ^= OneofNestedMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofString) hash ^= OneofString.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofBytes) hash ^= OneofBytes.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) oneofFieldCase_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(OptionalInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalInt64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt64(OptionalInt64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalUint32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteUInt32(OptionalUint32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalUint64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(32);
+        output.WriteUInt64(OptionalUint64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSint32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteSInt32(OptionalSint32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSint64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(48);
+        output.WriteSInt64(OptionalSint64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalFixed32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(61);
+        output.WriteFixed32(OptionalFixed32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalFixed64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(65);
+        output.WriteFixed64(OptionalFixed64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSfixed32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(77);
+        output.WriteSFixed32(OptionalSfixed32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSfixed64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(81);
+        output.WriteSFixed64(OptionalSfixed64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(93);
+        output.WriteFloat(OptionalFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalDouble) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(97);
+        output.WriteDouble(OptionalDouble);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalBool) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(104);
+        output.WriteBool(OptionalBool);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(114);
+        output.WriteString(OptionalString);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalBytes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(122);
+        output.WriteBytes(OptionalBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(131, 1);
+        output.WriteGroup(OptionalGroup);
+        output.WriteRawTag(132, 1);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(146, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalForeignMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(154, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalForeignMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalImportMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(162, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalImportMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalNestedEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(168, 1);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) OptionalNestedEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalForeignEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(176, 1);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) OptionalForeignEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalImportEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(184, 1);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) OptionalImportEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalStringPiece) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(194, 1);
+        output.WriteString(OptionalStringPiece);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalCord) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(202, 1);
+        output.WriteString(OptionalCord);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalPublicImportMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(210, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalPublicImportMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalLazyMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(218, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalLazyMessage);
+      }
+      repeatedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      repeatedInt64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+      repeatedUint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedUint32_codec);
+      repeatedUint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+      repeatedSint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSint32_codec);
+      repeatedSint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSint64_codec);
+      repeatedFixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+      repeatedFixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+      repeatedSfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec);
+      repeatedSfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec);
+      repeatedFloat_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+      repeatedDouble_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedDouble_codec);
+      repeatedBool_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedBool_codec);
+      repeatedString_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedString_codec);
+      repeatedBytes_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedBytes_codec);
+      repeatedGroup_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedGroup_codec);
+      repeatedNestedMessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec);
+      repeatedForeignMessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec);
+      repeatedImportMessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedImportMessage_codec);
+      repeatedNestedEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec);
+      repeatedForeignEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec);
+      repeatedImportEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedImportEnum_codec);
+      repeatedStringPiece_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedStringPiece_codec);
+      repeatedCord_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedCord_codec);
+      repeatedLazyMessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedLazyMessage_codec);
+      if (HasDefaultInt32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(232, 3);
+        output.WriteInt32(DefaultInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultInt64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(240, 3);
+        output.WriteInt64(DefaultInt64);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultUint32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 3);
+        output.WriteUInt32(DefaultUint32);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultUint64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 4);
+        output.WriteUInt64(DefaultUint64);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultSint32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 4);
+        output.WriteSInt32(DefaultSint32);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultSint64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(144, 4);
+        output.WriteSInt64(DefaultSint64);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultFixed32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(157, 4);
+        output.WriteFixed32(DefaultFixed32);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultFixed64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(161, 4);
+        output.WriteFixed64(DefaultFixed64);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultSfixed32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(173, 4);
+        output.WriteSFixed32(DefaultSfixed32);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultSfixed64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(177, 4);
+        output.WriteSFixed64(DefaultSfixed64);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(189, 4);
+        output.WriteFloat(DefaultFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultDouble) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(193, 4);
+        output.WriteDouble(DefaultDouble);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultBool) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(200, 4);
+        output.WriteBool(DefaultBool);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(210, 4);
+        output.WriteString(DefaultString);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultBytes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(218, 4);
+        output.WriteBytes(DefaultBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultNestedEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 5);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) DefaultNestedEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultForeignEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(144, 5);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) DefaultForeignEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultImportEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(152, 5);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) DefaultImportEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultStringPiece) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(162, 5);
+        output.WriteString(DefaultStringPiece);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultCord) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(170, 5);
+        output.WriteString(DefaultCord);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofUint32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 6);
+        output.WriteUInt32(OneofUint32);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofNestedMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(130, 7);
+        output.WriteMessage(OneofNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(138, 7);
+        output.WriteString(OneofString);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofBytes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(146, 7);
+        output.WriteBytes(OneofBytes);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(OptionalInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalInt64) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(OptionalInt64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalUint32) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(OptionalUint32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalUint64) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(OptionalUint64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSint32) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeSInt32Size(OptionalSint32);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSint64) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeSInt64Size(OptionalSint64);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalFixed32) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalFixed64) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSfixed32) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalSfixed64) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalFloat) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalDouble) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalBool) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalString) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OptionalString);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalBytes) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(OptionalBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) {
+        size += 4 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize(OptionalGroup);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalForeignMessage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalForeignMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalImportMessage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalImportMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalNestedEnum) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) OptionalNestedEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalForeignEnum) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) OptionalForeignEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalImportEnum) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) OptionalImportEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalStringPiece) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OptionalStringPiece);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalCord) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OptionalCord);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalPublicImportMessage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalPublicImportMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalLazyMessage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalLazyMessage);
+      }
+      size += repeatedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      size += repeatedInt64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+      size += repeatedUint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedUint32_codec);
+      size += repeatedUint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+      size += repeatedSint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSint32_codec);
+      size += repeatedSint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSint64_codec);
+      size += repeatedFixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+      size += repeatedFixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+      size += repeatedSfixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec);
+      size += repeatedSfixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec);
+      size += repeatedFloat_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+      size += repeatedDouble_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedDouble_codec);
+      size += repeatedBool_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedBool_codec);
+      size += repeatedString_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedString_codec);
+      size += repeatedBytes_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedBytes_codec);
+      size += repeatedGroup_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedGroup_codec);
+      size += repeatedNestedMessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec);
+      size += repeatedForeignMessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec);
+      size += repeatedImportMessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedImportMessage_codec);
+      size += repeatedNestedEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec);
+      size += repeatedForeignEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec);
+      size += repeatedImportEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedImportEnum_codec);
+      size += repeatedStringPiece_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedStringPiece_codec);
+      size += repeatedCord_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedCord_codec);
+      size += repeatedLazyMessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedLazyMessage_codec);
+      if (HasDefaultInt32) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(DefaultInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultInt64) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(DefaultInt64);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultUint32) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(DefaultUint32);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultUint64) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(DefaultUint64);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultSint32) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeSInt32Size(DefaultSint32);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultSint64) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeSInt64Size(DefaultSint64);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultFixed32) {
+        size += 2 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultFixed64) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultSfixed32) {
+        size += 2 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultSfixed64) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultFloat) {
+        size += 2 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultDouble) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultBool) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultString) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(DefaultString);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultBytes) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(DefaultBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultNestedEnum) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) DefaultNestedEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultForeignEnum) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) DefaultForeignEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultImportEnum) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) DefaultImportEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultStringPiece) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(DefaultStringPiece);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultCord) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(DefaultCord);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofUint32) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(OneofUint32);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofNestedMessage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OneofNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofString) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OneofString);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofBytes) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(OneofBytes);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestAllTypes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalInt32) {
+        OptionalInt32 = other.OptionalInt32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalInt64) {
+        OptionalInt64 = other.OptionalInt64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalUint32) {
+        OptionalUint32 = other.OptionalUint32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalUint64) {
+        OptionalUint64 = other.OptionalUint64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalSint32) {
+        OptionalSint32 = other.OptionalSint32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalSint64) {
+        OptionalSint64 = other.OptionalSint64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalFixed32) {
+        OptionalFixed32 = other.OptionalFixed32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalFixed64) {
+        OptionalFixed64 = other.OptionalFixed64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalSfixed32) {
+        OptionalSfixed32 = other.OptionalSfixed32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalSfixed64) {
+        OptionalSfixed64 = other.OptionalSfixed64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalFloat) {
+        OptionalFloat = other.OptionalFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalDouble) {
+        OptionalDouble = other.OptionalDouble;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalBool) {
+        OptionalBool = other.OptionalBool;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalString) {
+        OptionalString = other.OptionalString;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalBytes) {
+        OptionalBytes = other.OptionalBytes;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalGroup) {
+        if (!HasOptionalGroup) {
+          OptionalGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup();
+        }
+        OptionalGroup.MergeFrom(other.OptionalGroup);
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+        if (!HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+          OptionalNestedMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage();
+        }
+        OptionalNestedMessage.MergeFrom(other.OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalForeignMessage) {
+        if (!HasOptionalForeignMessage) {
+          OptionalForeignMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage();
+        }
+        OptionalForeignMessage.MergeFrom(other.OptionalForeignMessage);
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalImportMessage) {
+        if (!HasOptionalImportMessage) {
+          OptionalImportMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage();
+        }
+        OptionalImportMessage.MergeFrom(other.OptionalImportMessage);
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalNestedEnum) {
+        OptionalNestedEnum = other.OptionalNestedEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalForeignEnum) {
+        OptionalForeignEnum = other.OptionalForeignEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalImportEnum) {
+        OptionalImportEnum = other.OptionalImportEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalStringPiece) {
+        OptionalStringPiece = other.OptionalStringPiece;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalCord) {
+        OptionalCord = other.OptionalCord;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalPublicImportMessage) {
+        if (!HasOptionalPublicImportMessage) {
+          OptionalPublicImportMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.PublicImportMessage();
+        }
+        OptionalPublicImportMessage.MergeFrom(other.OptionalPublicImportMessage);
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalLazyMessage) {
+        if (!HasOptionalLazyMessage) {
+          OptionalLazyMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage();
+        }
+        OptionalLazyMessage.MergeFrom(other.OptionalLazyMessage);
+      }
+      repeatedInt32_.Add(other.repeatedInt32_);
+      repeatedInt64_.Add(other.repeatedInt64_);
+      repeatedUint32_.Add(other.repeatedUint32_);
+      repeatedUint64_.Add(other.repeatedUint64_);
+      repeatedSint32_.Add(other.repeatedSint32_);
+      repeatedSint64_.Add(other.repeatedSint64_);
+      repeatedFixed32_.Add(other.repeatedFixed32_);
+      repeatedFixed64_.Add(other.repeatedFixed64_);
+      repeatedSfixed32_.Add(other.repeatedSfixed32_);
+      repeatedSfixed64_.Add(other.repeatedSfixed64_);
+      repeatedFloat_.Add(other.repeatedFloat_);
+      repeatedDouble_.Add(other.repeatedDouble_);
+      repeatedBool_.Add(other.repeatedBool_);
+      repeatedString_.Add(other.repeatedString_);
+      repeatedBytes_.Add(other.repeatedBytes_);
+      repeatedGroup_.Add(other.repeatedGroup_);
+      repeatedNestedMessage_.Add(other.repeatedNestedMessage_);
+      repeatedForeignMessage_.Add(other.repeatedForeignMessage_);
+      repeatedImportMessage_.Add(other.repeatedImportMessage_);
+      repeatedNestedEnum_.Add(other.repeatedNestedEnum_);
+      repeatedForeignEnum_.Add(other.repeatedForeignEnum_);
+      repeatedImportEnum_.Add(other.repeatedImportEnum_);
+      repeatedStringPiece_.Add(other.repeatedStringPiece_);
+      repeatedCord_.Add(other.repeatedCord_);
+      repeatedLazyMessage_.Add(other.repeatedLazyMessage_);
+      if (other.HasDefaultInt32) {
+        DefaultInt32 = other.DefaultInt32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultInt64) {
+        DefaultInt64 = other.DefaultInt64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultUint32) {
+        DefaultUint32 = other.DefaultUint32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultUint64) {
+        DefaultUint64 = other.DefaultUint64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultSint32) {
+        DefaultSint32 = other.DefaultSint32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultSint64) {
+        DefaultSint64 = other.DefaultSint64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultFixed32) {
+        DefaultFixed32 = other.DefaultFixed32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultFixed64) {
+        DefaultFixed64 = other.DefaultFixed64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultSfixed32) {
+        DefaultSfixed32 = other.DefaultSfixed32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultSfixed64) {
+        DefaultSfixed64 = other.DefaultSfixed64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultFloat) {
+        DefaultFloat = other.DefaultFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultDouble) {
+        DefaultDouble = other.DefaultDouble;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultBool) {
+        DefaultBool = other.DefaultBool;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultString) {
+        DefaultString = other.DefaultString;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultBytes) {
+        DefaultBytes = other.DefaultBytes;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultNestedEnum) {
+        DefaultNestedEnum = other.DefaultNestedEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultForeignEnum) {
+        DefaultForeignEnum = other.DefaultForeignEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultImportEnum) {
+        DefaultImportEnum = other.DefaultImportEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultStringPiece) {
+        DefaultStringPiece = other.DefaultStringPiece;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultCord) {
+        DefaultCord = other.DefaultCord;
+      }
+      switch (other.OneofFieldCase) {
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32:
+          OneofUint32 = other.OneofUint32;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage:
+          if (OneofNestedMessage == null) {
+            OneofNestedMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage();
+          }
+          OneofNestedMessage.MergeFrom(other.OneofNestedMessage);
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString:
+          OneofString = other.OneofString;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes:
+          OneofBytes = other.OneofBytes;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            OptionalInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            OptionalInt64 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            OptionalUint32 = input.ReadUInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+            OptionalUint64 = input.ReadUInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            OptionalSint32 = input.ReadSInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 48: {
+            OptionalSint64 = input.ReadSInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 61: {
+            OptionalFixed32 = input.ReadFixed32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 65: {
+            OptionalFixed64 = input.ReadFixed64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 77: {
+            OptionalSfixed32 = input.ReadSFixed32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 81: {
+            OptionalSfixed64 = input.ReadSFixed64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 93: {
+            OptionalFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 97: {
+            OptionalDouble = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 104: {
+            OptionalBool = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 114: {
+            OptionalString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 122: {
+            OptionalBytes = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 131: {
+            if (!HasOptionalGroup) {
+              OptionalGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup();
+            }
+            input.ReadGroup(OptionalGroup);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 146: {
+            if (!HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+              OptionalNestedMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalNestedMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 154: {
+            if (!HasOptionalForeignMessage) {
+              OptionalForeignMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalForeignMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 162: {
+            if (!HasOptionalImportMessage) {
+              OptionalImportMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalImportMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 168: {
+            OptionalNestedEnum = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 176: {
+            OptionalForeignEnum = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 184: {
+            OptionalImportEnum = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 194: {
+            OptionalStringPiece = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 202: {
+            OptionalCord = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 210: {
+            if (!HasOptionalPublicImportMessage) {
+              OptionalPublicImportMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.PublicImportMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalPublicImportMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 218: {
+            if (!HasOptionalLazyMessage) {
+              OptionalLazyMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalLazyMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 250:
+          case 248: {
+            repeatedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 258:
+          case 256: {
+            repeatedInt64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 266:
+          case 264: {
+            repeatedUint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedUint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 274:
+          case 272: {
+            repeatedUint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 282:
+          case 280: {
+            repeatedSint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 290:
+          case 288: {
+            repeatedSint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 298:
+          case 301: {
+            repeatedFixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 306:
+          case 305: {
+            repeatedFixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 314:
+          case 317: {
+            repeatedSfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 322:
+          case 321: {
+            repeatedSfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 330:
+          case 333: {
+            repeatedFloat_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 338:
+          case 337: {
+            repeatedDouble_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedDouble_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 346:
+          case 344: {
+            repeatedBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 354: {
+            repeatedString_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedString_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 362: {
+            repeatedBytes_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedBytes_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 371: {
+            repeatedGroup_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedGroup_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 386: {
+            repeatedNestedMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 394: {
+            repeatedForeignMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 402: {
+            repeatedImportMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedImportMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 410:
+          case 408: {
+            repeatedNestedEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 418:
+          case 416: {
+            repeatedForeignEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 426:
+          case 424: {
+            repeatedImportEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedImportEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 434: {
+            repeatedStringPiece_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedStringPiece_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 442: {
+            repeatedCord_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedCord_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 458: {
+            repeatedLazyMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedLazyMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 488: {
+            DefaultInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 496: {
+            DefaultInt64 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 504: {
+            DefaultUint32 = input.ReadUInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 512: {
+            DefaultUint64 = input.ReadUInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 520: {
+            DefaultSint32 = input.ReadSInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 528: {
+            DefaultSint64 = input.ReadSInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 541: {
+            DefaultFixed32 = input.ReadFixed32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 545: {
+            DefaultFixed64 = input.ReadFixed64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 557: {
+            DefaultSfixed32 = input.ReadSFixed32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 561: {
+            DefaultSfixed64 = input.ReadSFixed64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 573: {
+            DefaultFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 577: {
+            DefaultDouble = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 584: {
+            DefaultBool = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 594: {
+            DefaultString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 602: {
+            DefaultBytes = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 648: {
+            DefaultNestedEnum = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 656: {
+            DefaultForeignEnum = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 664: {
+            DefaultImportEnum = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 674: {
+            DefaultStringPiece = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 682: {
+            DefaultCord = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 888: {
+            OneofUint32 = input.ReadUInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 898: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage();
+            if (HasOneofNestedMessage) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(OneofNestedMessage);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            OneofNestedMessage = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 906: {
+            OneofString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 914: {
+            OneofBytes = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestAllTypes message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public enum NestedEnum {
+        [pbr::OriginalName("FOO")] Foo = 1,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("BAR")] Bar = 2,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("BAZ")] Baz = 3,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Intentionally negative.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("NEG")] Neg = -1,
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class NestedMessage : pb::IMessage<NestedMessage> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage>(() => new NestedMessage());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage(NestedMessage other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          bb_ = other.bb_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage Clone() {
+          return new NestedMessage(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "bb" field.</summary>
+        public const int BbFieldNumber = 1;
+        private readonly static int BbDefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int bb_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+        /// a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+        /// This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int Bb {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return bb_; } else { return BbDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            bb_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "bb" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasBb {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "bb" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearBb() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as NestedMessage);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (Bb != other.Bb) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasBb) hash ^= Bb.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasBb) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(Bb);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasBb) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Bb);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasBb) {
+            Bb = other.Bb;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                Bb = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class OptionalGroup : pb::IMessage<OptionalGroup> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup>(() => new OptionalGroup());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Descriptor.NestedTypes[1]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup(OptionalGroup other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          a_ = other.a_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup Clone() {
+          return new OptionalGroup(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+        public const int AFieldNumber = 17;
+        private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int a_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int A {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            a_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasA {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearA() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as OptionalGroup);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(OptionalGroup other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (A != other.A) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasA) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(136, 1);
+            output.WriteInt32(A);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasA) {
+            size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(OptionalGroup other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasA) {
+            A = other.A;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 132:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 136: {
+                A = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class RepeatedGroup : pb::IMessage<RepeatedGroup> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<RepeatedGroup> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<RepeatedGroup>(() => new RepeatedGroup());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<RepeatedGroup> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Descriptor.NestedTypes[2]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public RepeatedGroup() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public RepeatedGroup(RepeatedGroup other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          a_ = other.a_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public RepeatedGroup Clone() {
+          return new RepeatedGroup(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+        public const int AFieldNumber = 47;
+        private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int a_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int A {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            a_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasA {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearA() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as RepeatedGroup);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(RepeatedGroup other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (A != other.A) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasA) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(248, 2);
+            output.WriteInt32(A);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasA) {
+            size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(RepeatedGroup other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasA) {
+            A = other.A;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 372:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 376: {
+                A = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// This proto includes a recusively nested message.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class NestedTestAllTypes : pb::IMessage<NestedTestAllTypes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedTestAllTypes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedTestAllTypes>(() => new NestedTestAllTypes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<NestedTestAllTypes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public NestedTestAllTypes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public NestedTestAllTypes(NestedTestAllTypes other) : this() {
+      child_ = other.HasChild ? other.child_.Clone() : null;
+      payload_ = other.HasPayload ? other.payload_.Clone() : null;
+      repeatedChild_ = other.repeatedChild_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public NestedTestAllTypes Clone() {
+      return new NestedTestAllTypes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "child" field.</summary>
+    public const int ChildFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.NestedTestAllTypes child_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.NestedTestAllTypes Child {
+      get { return child_; }
+      set {
+        child_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the child field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasChild {
+      get { return child_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the child field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearChild() {
+      child_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "payload" field.</summary>
+    public const int PayloadFieldNumber = 2;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes payload_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes Payload {
+      get { return payload_; }
+      set {
+        payload_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the payload field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasPayload {
+      get { return payload_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the payload field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearPayload() {
+      payload_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_child" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedChildFieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.NestedTestAllTypes> _repeated_repeatedChild_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(26, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.NestedTestAllTypes.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.NestedTestAllTypes> repeatedChild_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.NestedTestAllTypes>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.NestedTestAllTypes> RepeatedChild {
+      get { return repeatedChild_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as NestedTestAllTypes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(NestedTestAllTypes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(Child, other.Child)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Payload, other.Payload)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedChild_.Equals(other.repeatedChild_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasChild) hash ^= Child.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasPayload) hash ^= Payload.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedChild_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasChild) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(Child);
+      }
+      if (HasPayload) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteMessage(Payload);
+      }
+      repeatedChild_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedChild_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasChild) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Child);
+      }
+      if (HasPayload) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Payload);
+      }
+      size += repeatedChild_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedChild_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(NestedTestAllTypes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasChild) {
+        if (!HasChild) {
+          Child = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.NestedTestAllTypes();
+        }
+        Child.MergeFrom(other.Child);
+      }
+      if (other.HasPayload) {
+        if (!HasPayload) {
+          Payload = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+        }
+        Payload.MergeFrom(other.Payload);
+      }
+      repeatedChild_.Add(other.repeatedChild_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (!HasChild) {
+              Child = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.NestedTestAllTypes();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Child);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            if (!HasPayload) {
+              Payload = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Payload);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            repeatedChild_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedChild_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestDeprecatedFields : pb::IMessage<TestDeprecatedFields> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestDeprecatedFields> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestDeprecatedFields>(() => new TestDeprecatedFields());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestDeprecatedFields> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[2]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDeprecatedFields() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDeprecatedFields(TestDeprecatedFields other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      deprecatedInt32_ = other.deprecatedInt32_;
+      switch (other.OneofFieldsCase) {
+        case OneofFieldsOneofCase.DeprecatedInt32InOneof:
+          DeprecatedInt32InOneof = other.DeprecatedInt32InOneof;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDeprecatedFields Clone() {
+      return new TestDeprecatedFields(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "deprecated_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int DeprecatedInt32FieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int DeprecatedInt32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int deprecatedInt32_;
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int DeprecatedInt32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return deprecatedInt32_; } else { return DeprecatedInt32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        deprecatedInt32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "deprecated_int32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDeprecatedInt32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "deprecated_int32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDeprecatedInt32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "deprecated_int32_in_oneof" field.</summary>
+    public const int DeprecatedInt32InOneofFieldNumber = 2;
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int DeprecatedInt32InOneof {
+      get { return HasDeprecatedInt32InOneof ? (int) oneofFields_ : 0; }
+      set {
+        oneofFields_ = value;
+        oneofFieldsCase_ = OneofFieldsOneofCase.DeprecatedInt32InOneof;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "deprecated_int32_in_oneof" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDeprecatedInt32InOneof {
+      get { return oneofFieldsCase_ == OneofFieldsOneofCase.DeprecatedInt32InOneof; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "deprecated_int32_in_oneof" </summary>
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDeprecatedInt32InOneof() {
+      if (HasDeprecatedInt32InOneof) {
+        ClearOneofFields();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object oneofFields_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "oneof_fields" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum OneofFieldsOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      DeprecatedInt32InOneof = 2,
+    }
+    private OneofFieldsOneofCase oneofFieldsCase_ = OneofFieldsOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofFieldsOneofCase OneofFieldsCase {
+      get { return oneofFieldsCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofFields() {
+      oneofFieldsCase_ = OneofFieldsOneofCase.None;
+      oneofFields_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestDeprecatedFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestDeprecatedFields other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (DeprecatedInt32 != other.DeprecatedInt32) return false;
+      if (DeprecatedInt32InOneof != other.DeprecatedInt32InOneof) return false;
+      if (OneofFieldsCase != other.OneofFieldsCase) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasDeprecatedInt32) hash ^= DeprecatedInt32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDeprecatedInt32InOneof) hash ^= DeprecatedInt32InOneof.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) oneofFieldsCase_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasDeprecatedInt32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(DeprecatedInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasDeprecatedInt32InOneof) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(DeprecatedInt32InOneof);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasDeprecatedInt32) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(DeprecatedInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasDeprecatedInt32InOneof) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(DeprecatedInt32InOneof);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestDeprecatedFields other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDeprecatedInt32) {
+        DeprecatedInt32 = other.DeprecatedInt32;
+      }
+      switch (other.OneofFieldsCase) {
+        case OneofFieldsOneofCase.DeprecatedInt32InOneof:
+          DeprecatedInt32InOneof = other.DeprecatedInt32InOneof;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            DeprecatedInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            DeprecatedInt32InOneof = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+  public sealed partial class TestDeprecatedMessage : pb::IMessage<TestDeprecatedMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestDeprecatedMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestDeprecatedMessage>(() => new TestDeprecatedMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestDeprecatedMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[3]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDeprecatedMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDeprecatedMessage(TestDeprecatedMessage other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDeprecatedMessage Clone() {
+      return new TestDeprecatedMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestDeprecatedMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestDeprecatedMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestDeprecatedMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+  /// that.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class ForeignMessage : pb::IMessage<ForeignMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ForeignMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ForeignMessage>(() => new ForeignMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ForeignMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[4]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ForeignMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ForeignMessage(ForeignMessage other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      c_ = other.c_;
+      d_ = other.d_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ForeignMessage Clone() {
+      return new ForeignMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "c" field.</summary>
+    public const int CFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int CDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int c_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int C {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return c_; } else { return CDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        c_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "c" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasC {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "c" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearC() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "d" field.</summary>
+    public const int DFieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static int DDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int d_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int D {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return d_; } else { return DDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        d_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "d" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasD {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "d" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearD() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ForeignMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ForeignMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (C != other.C) return false;
+      if (D != other.D) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasC) hash ^= C.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasD) hash ^= D.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasC) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(C);
+      }
+      if (HasD) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(D);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasC) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(C);
+      }
+      if (HasD) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(D);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ForeignMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasC) {
+        C = other.C;
+      }
+      if (other.HasD) {
+        D = other.D;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            C = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            D = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestReservedFields : pb::IMessage<TestReservedFields> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestReservedFields> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestReservedFields>(() => new TestReservedFields());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestReservedFields> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[5]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestReservedFields() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestReservedFields(TestReservedFields other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestReservedFields Clone() {
+      return new TestReservedFields(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestReservedFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestReservedFields other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestReservedFields other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestAllExtensions : pb::IExtendableMessage<TestAllExtensions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestAllExtensions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestAllExtensions>(() => new TestAllExtensions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestAllExtensions> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestAllExtensions> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestAllExtensions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[6]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllExtensions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllExtensions(TestAllExtensions other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllExtensions Clone() {
+      return new TestAllExtensions(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestAllExtensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestAllExtensions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestAllExtensions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestAllExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestAllExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestAllExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestAllExtensions, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestAllExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestAllExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestAllExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class OptionalGroup_extension : pb::IMessage<OptionalGroup_extension> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup_extension> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup_extension>(() => new OptionalGroup_extension());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup_extension> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[7]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OptionalGroup_extension() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OptionalGroup_extension(OptionalGroup_extension other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      a_ = other.a_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OptionalGroup_extension Clone() {
+      return new OptionalGroup_extension(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+    public const int AFieldNumber = 17;
+    private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int a_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int A {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        a_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasA {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearA() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as OptionalGroup_extension);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(OptionalGroup_extension other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (A != other.A) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasA) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(A);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasA) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(OptionalGroup_extension other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasA) {
+        A = other.A;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          case 132:
+            return;
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 136: {
+            A = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class RepeatedGroup_extension : pb::IMessage<RepeatedGroup_extension> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<RepeatedGroup_extension> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<RepeatedGroup_extension>(() => new RepeatedGroup_extension());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<RepeatedGroup_extension> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[8]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public RepeatedGroup_extension() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public RepeatedGroup_extension(RepeatedGroup_extension other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      a_ = other.a_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public RepeatedGroup_extension Clone() {
+      return new RepeatedGroup_extension(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+    public const int AFieldNumber = 47;
+    private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int a_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int A {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        a_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasA {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearA() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as RepeatedGroup_extension);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(RepeatedGroup_extension other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (A != other.A) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasA) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 2);
+        output.WriteInt32(A);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasA) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(RepeatedGroup_extension other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasA) {
+        A = other.A;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          case 372:
+            return;
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 376: {
+            A = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestGroup : pb::IMessage<TestGroup> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestGroup> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestGroup>(() => new TestGroup());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestGroup> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[9]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestGroup() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestGroup(TestGroup other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      optionalGroup_ = other.HasOptionalGroup ? other.optionalGroup_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalForeignEnum_ = other.optionalForeignEnum_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestGroup Clone() {
+      return new TestGroup(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optionalgroup" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalGroupFieldNumber = 16;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroup.Types.OptionalGroup optionalGroup_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroup.Types.OptionalGroup OptionalGroup {
+      get { return optionalGroup_; }
+      set {
+        optionalGroup_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optionalgroup field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalGroup {
+      get { return optionalGroup_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optionalgroup field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalGroup() {
+      optionalGroup_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_foreign_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalForeignEnumFieldNumber = 22;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum OptionalForeignEnumDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum optionalForeignEnum_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum OptionalForeignEnum {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return optionalForeignEnum_; } else { return OptionalForeignEnumDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        optionalForeignEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_foreign_enum" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalForeignEnum {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_foreign_enum" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalForeignEnum() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestGroup);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestGroup other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalGroup, other.OptionalGroup)) return false;
+      if (OptionalForeignEnum != other.OptionalForeignEnum) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) hash ^= OptionalGroup.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalForeignEnum) hash ^= OptionalForeignEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(131, 1);
+        output.WriteGroup(OptionalGroup);
+        output.WriteRawTag(132, 1);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalForeignEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(176, 1);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) OptionalForeignEnum);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) {
+        size += 4 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize(OptionalGroup);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalForeignEnum) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) OptionalForeignEnum);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestGroup other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalGroup) {
+        if (!HasOptionalGroup) {
+          OptionalGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroup.Types.OptionalGroup();
+        }
+        OptionalGroup.MergeFrom(other.OptionalGroup);
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalForeignEnum) {
+        OptionalForeignEnum = other.OptionalForeignEnum;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 131: {
+            if (!HasOptionalGroup) {
+              OptionalGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroup.Types.OptionalGroup();
+            }
+            input.ReadGroup(OptionalGroup);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 176: {
+            OptionalForeignEnum = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestGroup message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class OptionalGroup : pb::IMessage<OptionalGroup> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup>(() => new OptionalGroup());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroup.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup(OptionalGroup other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          a_ = other.a_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup Clone() {
+          return new OptionalGroup(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+        public const int AFieldNumber = 17;
+        private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int a_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int A {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            a_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasA {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearA() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as OptionalGroup);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(OptionalGroup other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (A != other.A) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasA) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(136, 1);
+            output.WriteInt32(A);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasA) {
+            size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(OptionalGroup other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasA) {
+            A = other.A;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 132:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 136: {
+                A = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestGroupExtension : pb::IExtendableMessage<TestGroupExtension> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestGroupExtension> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestGroupExtension>(() => new TestGroupExtension());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestGroupExtension> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestGroupExtension> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestGroupExtension> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[10]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestGroupExtension() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestGroupExtension(TestGroupExtension other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestGroupExtension Clone() {
+      return new TestGroupExtension(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestGroupExtension);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestGroupExtension other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestGroupExtension other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestGroupExtension, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestGroupExtension, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestGroupExtension, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestGroupExtension, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestGroupExtension, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestGroupExtension, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestGroupExtension, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestNestedExtension : pb::IMessage<TestNestedExtension> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestNestedExtension> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestNestedExtension>(() => new TestNestedExtension());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestNestedExtension> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[11]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestNestedExtension() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestNestedExtension(TestNestedExtension other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestNestedExtension Clone() {
+      return new TestNestedExtension(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestNestedExtension);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestNestedExtension other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestNestedExtension other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestNestedExtension message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class OptionalGroup_extension : pb::IMessage<OptionalGroup_extension> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup_extension> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup_extension>(() => new OptionalGroup_extension());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup_extension> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedExtension.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup_extension() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup_extension(OptionalGroup_extension other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          a_ = other.a_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup_extension Clone() {
+          return new OptionalGroup_extension(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+        public const int AFieldNumber = 17;
+        private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int a_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int A {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            a_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasA {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearA() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as OptionalGroup_extension);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(OptionalGroup_extension other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (A != other.A) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasA) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(136, 1);
+            output.WriteInt32(A);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasA) {
+            size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(OptionalGroup_extension other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasA) {
+            A = other.A;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 132:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 136: {
+                A = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+    #region Extensions
+    /// <summary>Container for extensions for other messages declared in the TestNestedExtension message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Extensions {
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Check for bug where string extensions declared in tested scope did not
+      /// compile.
+      /// </summary>
+      public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string> Test =
+        new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string>(1002, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(8018, global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("dGVzdA=="), 0, 4)));
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Used to test if generated extension name is correct when there are
+      /// underscores.
+      /// </summary>
+      public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string> NestedStringExtension =
+        new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, string>(1003, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(8026, ""));
+      public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroupExtension, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedExtension.Types.OptionalGroup_extension> OptionalGroupExtension =
+        new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroupExtension, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedExtension.Types.OptionalGroup_extension>(16, pb::FieldCodec.ForGroup(131, 132, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedExtension.Types.OptionalGroup_extension.Parser));
+      public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroupExtension, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> OptionalForeignEnumExtension =
+        new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestGroupExtension, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum>(22, pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(176, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) x, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// We have separate messages for testing required fields because it's
+  /// annoying to have to fill in required fields in TestProto in order to
+  /// do anything with it.  Note that we don't need to test every type of
+  /// required filed because the code output is basically identical to
+  /// optional fields for all types.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestRequired : pb::IMessage<TestRequired> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestRequired> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestRequired>(() => new TestRequired());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    private int _hasBits1;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestRequired> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[12]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequired() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequired(TestRequired other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      _hasBits1 = other._hasBits1;
+      a_ = other.a_;
+      dummy2_ = other.dummy2_;
+      b_ = other.b_;
+      dummy4_ = other.dummy4_;
+      dummy5_ = other.dummy5_;
+      dummy6_ = other.dummy6_;
+      dummy7_ = other.dummy7_;
+      dummy8_ = other.dummy8_;
+      dummy9_ = other.dummy9_;
+      dummy10_ = other.dummy10_;
+      dummy11_ = other.dummy11_;
+      dummy12_ = other.dummy12_;
+      dummy13_ = other.dummy13_;
+      dummy14_ = other.dummy14_;
+      dummy15_ = other.dummy15_;
+      dummy16_ = other.dummy16_;
+      dummy17_ = other.dummy17_;
+      dummy18_ = other.dummy18_;
+      dummy19_ = other.dummy19_;
+      dummy20_ = other.dummy20_;
+      dummy21_ = other.dummy21_;
+      dummy22_ = other.dummy22_;
+      dummy23_ = other.dummy23_;
+      dummy24_ = other.dummy24_;
+      dummy25_ = other.dummy25_;
+      dummy26_ = other.dummy26_;
+      dummy27_ = other.dummy27_;
+      dummy28_ = other.dummy28_;
+      dummy29_ = other.dummy29_;
+      dummy30_ = other.dummy30_;
+      dummy31_ = other.dummy31_;
+      dummy32_ = other.dummy32_;
+      c_ = other.c_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequired Clone() {
+      return new TestRequired(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+    public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int a_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int A {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        a_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasA {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearA() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy2" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy2FieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static int Dummy2DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy2_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy2 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return dummy2_; } else { return Dummy2DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        dummy2_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy2" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy2 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy2" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy2() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "b" field.</summary>
+    public const int BFieldNumber = 3;
+    private readonly static int BDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int b_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int B {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4) != 0) { return b_; } else { return BDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4;
+        b_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "b" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasB {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "b" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearB() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy4" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy4FieldNumber = 4;
+    private readonly static int Dummy4DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy4_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Pad the field count to 32 so that we can test that IsInitialized()
+    /// properly checks multiple elements of has_bits_.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy4 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8) != 0) { return dummy4_; } else { return Dummy4DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8;
+        dummy4_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy4" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy4 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy4" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy4() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy5" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy5FieldNumber = 5;
+    private readonly static int Dummy5DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy5_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy5 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16) != 0) { return dummy5_; } else { return Dummy5DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16;
+        dummy5_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy5" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy5 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy5" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy5() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy6" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy6FieldNumber = 6;
+    private readonly static int Dummy6DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy6_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy6 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 32) != 0) { return dummy6_; } else { return Dummy6DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 32;
+        dummy6_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy6" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy6 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 32) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy6" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy6() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~32;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy7" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy7FieldNumber = 7;
+    private readonly static int Dummy7DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy7_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy7 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 64) != 0) { return dummy7_; } else { return Dummy7DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 64;
+        dummy7_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy7" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy7 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 64) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy7" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy7() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~64;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy8" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy8FieldNumber = 8;
+    private readonly static int Dummy8DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy8_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy8 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 128) != 0) { return dummy8_; } else { return Dummy8DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 128;
+        dummy8_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy8" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy8 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 128) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy8" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy8() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~128;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy9" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy9FieldNumber = 9;
+    private readonly static int Dummy9DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy9_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy9 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 256) != 0) { return dummy9_; } else { return Dummy9DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 256;
+        dummy9_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy9" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy9 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 256) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy9" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy9() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~256;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy10" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy10FieldNumber = 10;
+    private readonly static int Dummy10DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy10_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy10 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 512) != 0) { return dummy10_; } else { return Dummy10DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 512;
+        dummy10_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy10" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy10 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 512) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy10" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy10() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~512;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy11" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy11FieldNumber = 11;
+    private readonly static int Dummy11DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy11_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy11 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1024) != 0) { return dummy11_; } else { return Dummy11DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1024;
+        dummy11_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy11" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy11 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1024) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy11" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy11() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1024;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy12" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy12FieldNumber = 12;
+    private readonly static int Dummy12DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy12_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy12 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2048) != 0) { return dummy12_; } else { return Dummy12DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2048;
+        dummy12_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy12" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy12 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2048) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy12" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy12() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2048;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy13" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy13FieldNumber = 13;
+    private readonly static int Dummy13DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy13_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy13 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4096) != 0) { return dummy13_; } else { return Dummy13DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4096;
+        dummy13_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy13" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy13 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4096) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy13" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy13() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4096;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy14" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy14FieldNumber = 14;
+    private readonly static int Dummy14DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy14_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy14 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8192) != 0) { return dummy14_; } else { return Dummy14DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8192;
+        dummy14_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy14" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy14 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8192) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy14" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy14() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8192;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy15" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy15FieldNumber = 15;
+    private readonly static int Dummy15DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy15_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy15 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16384) != 0) { return dummy15_; } else { return Dummy15DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16384;
+        dummy15_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy15" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy15 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16384) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy15" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy15() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16384;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy16" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy16FieldNumber = 16;
+    private readonly static int Dummy16DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy16_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy16 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 32768) != 0) { return dummy16_; } else { return Dummy16DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 32768;
+        dummy16_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy16" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy16 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 32768) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy16" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy16() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~32768;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy17" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy17FieldNumber = 17;
+    private readonly static int Dummy17DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy17_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy17 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 65536) != 0) { return dummy17_; } else { return Dummy17DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 65536;
+        dummy17_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy17" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy17 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 65536) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy17" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy17() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~65536;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy18" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy18FieldNumber = 18;
+    private readonly static int Dummy18DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy18_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy18 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 131072) != 0) { return dummy18_; } else { return Dummy18DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 131072;
+        dummy18_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy18" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy18 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 131072) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy18" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy18() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~131072;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy19" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy19FieldNumber = 19;
+    private readonly static int Dummy19DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy19_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy19 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 262144) != 0) { return dummy19_; } else { return Dummy19DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 262144;
+        dummy19_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy19" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy19 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 262144) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy19" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy19() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~262144;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy20" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy20FieldNumber = 20;
+    private readonly static int Dummy20DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy20_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy20 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 524288) != 0) { return dummy20_; } else { return Dummy20DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 524288;
+        dummy20_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy20" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy20 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 524288) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy20" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy20() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~524288;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy21" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy21FieldNumber = 21;
+    private readonly static int Dummy21DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy21_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy21 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1048576) != 0) { return dummy21_; } else { return Dummy21DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1048576;
+        dummy21_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy21" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy21 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1048576) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy21" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy21() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1048576;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy22" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy22FieldNumber = 22;
+    private readonly static int Dummy22DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy22_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy22 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2097152) != 0) { return dummy22_; } else { return Dummy22DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2097152;
+        dummy22_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy22" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy22 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2097152) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy22" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy22() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2097152;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy23" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy23FieldNumber = 23;
+    private readonly static int Dummy23DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy23_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy23 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4194304) != 0) { return dummy23_; } else { return Dummy23DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4194304;
+        dummy23_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy23" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy23 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4194304) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy23" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy23() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4194304;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy24" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy24FieldNumber = 24;
+    private readonly static int Dummy24DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy24_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy24 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8388608) != 0) { return dummy24_; } else { return Dummy24DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8388608;
+        dummy24_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy24" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy24 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8388608) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy24" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy24() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8388608;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy25" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy25FieldNumber = 25;
+    private readonly static int Dummy25DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy25_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy25 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16777216) != 0) { return dummy25_; } else { return Dummy25DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16777216;
+        dummy25_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy25" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy25 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16777216) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy25" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy25() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16777216;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy26" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy26FieldNumber = 26;
+    private readonly static int Dummy26DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy26_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy26 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 33554432) != 0) { return dummy26_; } else { return Dummy26DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 33554432;
+        dummy26_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy26" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy26 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 33554432) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy26" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy26() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~33554432;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy27" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy27FieldNumber = 27;
+    private readonly static int Dummy27DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy27_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy27 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 67108864) != 0) { return dummy27_; } else { return Dummy27DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 67108864;
+        dummy27_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy27" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy27 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 67108864) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy27" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy27() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~67108864;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy28" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy28FieldNumber = 28;
+    private readonly static int Dummy28DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy28_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy28 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 134217728) != 0) { return dummy28_; } else { return Dummy28DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 134217728;
+        dummy28_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy28" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy28 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 134217728) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy28" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy28() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~134217728;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy29" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy29FieldNumber = 29;
+    private readonly static int Dummy29DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy29_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy29 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 268435456) != 0) { return dummy29_; } else { return Dummy29DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 268435456;
+        dummy29_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy29" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy29 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 268435456) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy29" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy29() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~268435456;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy30" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy30FieldNumber = 30;
+    private readonly static int Dummy30DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy30_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy30 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 536870912) != 0) { return dummy30_; } else { return Dummy30DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 536870912;
+        dummy30_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy30" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy30 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 536870912) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy30" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy30() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~536870912;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy31" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy31FieldNumber = 31;
+    private readonly static int Dummy31DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy31_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy31 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1073741824) != 0) { return dummy31_; } else { return Dummy31DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1073741824;
+        dummy31_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy31" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy31 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1073741824) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy31" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy31() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1073741824;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy32" field.</summary>
+    public const int Dummy32FieldNumber = 32;
+    private readonly static int Dummy32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & -2147483648) != 0) { return dummy32_; } else { return Dummy32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= -2147483648;
+        dummy32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & -2147483648) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~-2147483648;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "c" field.</summary>
+    public const int CFieldNumber = 33;
+    private readonly static int CDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int c_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int C {
+      get { if ((_hasBits1 & 1) != 0) { return c_; } else { return CDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits1 |= 1;
+        c_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "c" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasC {
+      get { return (_hasBits1 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "c" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearC() {
+      _hasBits1 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestRequired);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestRequired other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (A != other.A) return false;
+      if (Dummy2 != other.Dummy2) return false;
+      if (B != other.B) return false;
+      if (Dummy4 != other.Dummy4) return false;
+      if (Dummy5 != other.Dummy5) return false;
+      if (Dummy6 != other.Dummy6) return false;
+      if (Dummy7 != other.Dummy7) return false;
+      if (Dummy8 != other.Dummy8) return false;
+      if (Dummy9 != other.Dummy9) return false;
+      if (Dummy10 != other.Dummy10) return false;
+      if (Dummy11 != other.Dummy11) return false;
+      if (Dummy12 != other.Dummy12) return false;
+      if (Dummy13 != other.Dummy13) return false;
+      if (Dummy14 != other.Dummy14) return false;
+      if (Dummy15 != other.Dummy15) return false;
+      if (Dummy16 != other.Dummy16) return false;
+      if (Dummy17 != other.Dummy17) return false;
+      if (Dummy18 != other.Dummy18) return false;
+      if (Dummy19 != other.Dummy19) return false;
+      if (Dummy20 != other.Dummy20) return false;
+      if (Dummy21 != other.Dummy21) return false;
+      if (Dummy22 != other.Dummy22) return false;
+      if (Dummy23 != other.Dummy23) return false;
+      if (Dummy24 != other.Dummy24) return false;
+      if (Dummy25 != other.Dummy25) return false;
+      if (Dummy26 != other.Dummy26) return false;
+      if (Dummy27 != other.Dummy27) return false;
+      if (Dummy28 != other.Dummy28) return false;
+      if (Dummy29 != other.Dummy29) return false;
+      if (Dummy30 != other.Dummy30) return false;
+      if (Dummy31 != other.Dummy31) return false;
+      if (Dummy32 != other.Dummy32) return false;
+      if (C != other.C) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy2) hash ^= Dummy2.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasB) hash ^= B.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy4) hash ^= Dummy4.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy5) hash ^= Dummy5.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy6) hash ^= Dummy6.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy7) hash ^= Dummy7.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy8) hash ^= Dummy8.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy9) hash ^= Dummy9.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy10) hash ^= Dummy10.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy11) hash ^= Dummy11.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy12) hash ^= Dummy12.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy13) hash ^= Dummy13.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy14) hash ^= Dummy14.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy15) hash ^= Dummy15.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy16) hash ^= Dummy16.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy17) hash ^= Dummy17.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy18) hash ^= Dummy18.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy19) hash ^= Dummy19.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy20) hash ^= Dummy20.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy21) hash ^= Dummy21.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy22) hash ^= Dummy22.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy23) hash ^= Dummy23.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy24) hash ^= Dummy24.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy25) hash ^= Dummy25.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy26) hash ^= Dummy26.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy27) hash ^= Dummy27.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy28) hash ^= Dummy28.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy29) hash ^= Dummy29.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy30) hash ^= Dummy30.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy31) hash ^= Dummy31.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy32) hash ^= Dummy32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasC) hash ^= C.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasA) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(A);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy2) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy2);
+      }
+      if (HasB) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteInt32(B);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy4) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(32);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy4);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy5) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy5);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy6) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(48);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy6);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy7) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(56);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy7);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy8) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(64);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy8);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy9) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(72);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy9);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy10) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(80);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy10);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy11) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(88);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy11);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy12) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(96);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy12);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy13) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(104);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy13);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy14) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(112);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy14);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy15) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(120);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy15);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy16) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy16);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy17) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy17);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy18) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(144, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy18);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy19) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(152, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy19);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy20) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(160, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy20);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy21) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(168, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy21);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy22) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(176, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy22);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy23) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(184, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy23);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy24) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(192, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy24);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy25) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(200, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy25);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy26) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(208, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy26);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy27) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(216, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy27);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy28) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(224, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy28);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy29) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(232, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy29);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy30) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(240, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy30);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy31) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy31);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 2);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy32);
+      }
+      if (HasC) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 2);
+        output.WriteInt32(C);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasA) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy2) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy2);
+      }
+      if (HasB) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(B);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy4) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy4);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy5) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy5);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy6) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy6);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy7) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy7);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy8) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy8);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy9) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy9);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy10) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy10);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy11) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy11);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy12) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy12);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy13) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy13);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy14) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy14);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy15) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy15);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy16) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy16);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy17) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy17);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy18) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy18);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy19) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy19);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy20) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy20);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy21) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy21);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy22) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy22);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy23) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy23);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy24) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy24);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy25) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy25);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy26) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy26);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy27) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy27);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy28) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy28);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy29) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy29);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy30) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy30);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy31) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy31);
+      }
+      if (HasDummy32) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy32);
+      }
+      if (HasC) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(C);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestRequired other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasA) {
+        A = other.A;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy2) {
+        Dummy2 = other.Dummy2;
+      }
+      if (other.HasB) {
+        B = other.B;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy4) {
+        Dummy4 = other.Dummy4;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy5) {
+        Dummy5 = other.Dummy5;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy6) {
+        Dummy6 = other.Dummy6;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy7) {
+        Dummy7 = other.Dummy7;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy8) {
+        Dummy8 = other.Dummy8;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy9) {
+        Dummy9 = other.Dummy9;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy10) {
+        Dummy10 = other.Dummy10;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy11) {
+        Dummy11 = other.Dummy11;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy12) {
+        Dummy12 = other.Dummy12;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy13) {
+        Dummy13 = other.Dummy13;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy14) {
+        Dummy14 = other.Dummy14;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy15) {
+        Dummy15 = other.Dummy15;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy16) {
+        Dummy16 = other.Dummy16;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy17) {
+        Dummy17 = other.Dummy17;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy18) {
+        Dummy18 = other.Dummy18;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy19) {
+        Dummy19 = other.Dummy19;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy20) {
+        Dummy20 = other.Dummy20;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy21) {
+        Dummy21 = other.Dummy21;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy22) {
+        Dummy22 = other.Dummy22;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy23) {
+        Dummy23 = other.Dummy23;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy24) {
+        Dummy24 = other.Dummy24;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy25) {
+        Dummy25 = other.Dummy25;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy26) {
+        Dummy26 = other.Dummy26;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy27) {
+        Dummy27 = other.Dummy27;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy28) {
+        Dummy28 = other.Dummy28;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy29) {
+        Dummy29 = other.Dummy29;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy30) {
+        Dummy30 = other.Dummy30;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy31) {
+        Dummy31 = other.Dummy31;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDummy32) {
+        Dummy32 = other.Dummy32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasC) {
+        C = other.C;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            A = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Dummy2 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            B = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+            Dummy4 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            Dummy5 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 48: {
+            Dummy6 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 56: {
+            Dummy7 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 64: {
+            Dummy8 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 72: {
+            Dummy9 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 80: {
+            Dummy10 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 88: {
+            Dummy11 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 96: {
+            Dummy12 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 104: {
+            Dummy13 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 112: {
+            Dummy14 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 120: {
+            Dummy15 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 128: {
+            Dummy16 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 136: {
+            Dummy17 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 144: {
+            Dummy18 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 152: {
+            Dummy19 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 160: {
+            Dummy20 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 168: {
+            Dummy21 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 176: {
+            Dummy22 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 184: {
+            Dummy23 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 192: {
+            Dummy24 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 200: {
+            Dummy25 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 208: {
+            Dummy26 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 216: {
+            Dummy27 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 224: {
+            Dummy28 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 232: {
+            Dummy29 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 240: {
+            Dummy30 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 248: {
+            Dummy31 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 256: {
+            Dummy32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 264: {
+            C = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Extensions
+    /// <summary>Container for extensions for other messages declared in the TestRequired message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Extensions {
+      public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired> Single =
+        new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired>(1000, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(8002, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired.Parser));
+      public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired> Multi =
+        new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllExtensions, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired>(1001, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(8010, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired.Parser));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestRequiredForeign : pb::IMessage<TestRequiredForeign> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestRequiredForeign> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestRequiredForeign>(() => new TestRequiredForeign());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestRequiredForeign> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[13]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequiredForeign() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequiredForeign(TestRequiredForeign other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      optionalMessage_ = other.HasOptionalMessage ? other.optionalMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      repeatedMessage_ = other.repeatedMessage_.Clone();
+      dummy_ = other.dummy_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequiredForeign Clone() {
+      return new TestRequiredForeign(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalMessageFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired optionalMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired OptionalMessage {
+      get { return optionalMessage_; }
+      set {
+        optionalMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optional_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalMessage {
+      get { return optionalMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optional_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalMessage() {
+      optionalMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedMessageFieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired> _repeated_repeatedMessage_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired> repeatedMessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired> RepeatedMessage {
+      get { return repeatedMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dummy" field.</summary>
+    public const int DummyFieldNumber = 3;
+    private readonly static int DummyDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int dummy_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Dummy {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return dummy_; } else { return DummyDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        dummy_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dummy" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDummy {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dummy" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDummy() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestRequiredForeign);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestRequiredForeign other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalMessage, other.OptionalMessage)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedMessage_.Equals(other.repeatedMessage_)) return false;
+      if (Dummy != other.Dummy) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasOptionalMessage) hash ^= OptionalMessage.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedMessage_.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDummy) hash ^= Dummy.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasOptionalMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalMessage);
+      }
+      repeatedMessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedMessage_codec);
+      if (HasDummy) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteInt32(Dummy);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasOptionalMessage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalMessage);
+      }
+      size += repeatedMessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedMessage_codec);
+      if (HasDummy) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Dummy);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestRequiredForeign other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalMessage) {
+        if (!HasOptionalMessage) {
+          OptionalMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired();
+        }
+        OptionalMessage.MergeFrom(other.OptionalMessage);
+      }
+      repeatedMessage_.Add(other.repeatedMessage_);
+      if (other.HasDummy) {
+        Dummy = other.Dummy;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (!HasOptionalMessage) {
+              OptionalMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            repeatedMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            Dummy = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestRequiredMessage : pb::IMessage<TestRequiredMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestRequiredMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestRequiredMessage>(() => new TestRequiredMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestRequiredMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[14]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequiredMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequiredMessage(TestRequiredMessage other) : this() {
+      optionalMessage_ = other.HasOptionalMessage ? other.optionalMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      repeatedMessage_ = other.repeatedMessage_.Clone();
+      requiredMessage_ = other.HasRequiredMessage ? other.requiredMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequiredMessage Clone() {
+      return new TestRequiredMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalMessageFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired optionalMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired OptionalMessage {
+      get { return optionalMessage_; }
+      set {
+        optionalMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optional_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalMessage {
+      get { return optionalMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optional_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalMessage() {
+      optionalMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedMessageFieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired> _repeated_repeatedMessage_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired> repeatedMessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired> RepeatedMessage {
+      get { return repeatedMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "required_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RequiredMessageFieldNumber = 3;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired requiredMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired RequiredMessage {
+      get { return requiredMessage_; }
+      set {
+        requiredMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the required_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasRequiredMessage {
+      get { return requiredMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the required_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearRequiredMessage() {
+      requiredMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestRequiredMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestRequiredMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalMessage, other.OptionalMessage)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedMessage_.Equals(other.repeatedMessage_)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(RequiredMessage, other.RequiredMessage)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasOptionalMessage) hash ^= OptionalMessage.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedMessage_.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasRequiredMessage) hash ^= RequiredMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasOptionalMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalMessage);
+      }
+      repeatedMessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedMessage_codec);
+      if (HasRequiredMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteMessage(RequiredMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasOptionalMessage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalMessage);
+      }
+      size += repeatedMessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedMessage_codec);
+      if (HasRequiredMessage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(RequiredMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestRequiredMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalMessage) {
+        if (!HasOptionalMessage) {
+          OptionalMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired();
+        }
+        OptionalMessage.MergeFrom(other.OptionalMessage);
+      }
+      repeatedMessage_.Add(other.repeatedMessage_);
+      if (other.HasRequiredMessage) {
+        if (!HasRequiredMessage) {
+          RequiredMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired();
+        }
+        RequiredMessage.MergeFrom(other.RequiredMessage);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (!HasOptionalMessage) {
+              OptionalMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            repeatedMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            if (!HasRequiredMessage) {
+              RequiredMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequired();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(RequiredMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test that we can use NestedMessage from outside TestAllTypes.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestForeignNested : pb::IMessage<TestForeignNested> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestForeignNested> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestForeignNested>(() => new TestForeignNested());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestForeignNested> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[15]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestForeignNested() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestForeignNested(TestForeignNested other) : this() {
+      foreignNested_ = other.HasForeignNested ? other.foreignNested_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestForeignNested Clone() {
+      return new TestForeignNested(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foreign_nested" field.</summary>
+    public const int ForeignNestedFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage foreignNested_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage ForeignNested {
+      get { return foreignNested_; }
+      set {
+        foreignNested_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the foreign_nested field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasForeignNested {
+      get { return foreignNested_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the foreign_nested field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearForeignNested() {
+      foreignNested_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestForeignNested);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestForeignNested other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(ForeignNested, other.ForeignNested)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasForeignNested) hash ^= ForeignNested.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasForeignNested) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(ForeignNested);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasForeignNested) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(ForeignNested);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestForeignNested other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasForeignNested) {
+        if (!HasForeignNested) {
+          ForeignNested = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage();
+        }
+        ForeignNested.MergeFrom(other.ForeignNested);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (!HasForeignNested) {
+              ForeignNested = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(ForeignNested);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// TestEmptyMessage is used to test unknown field support.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestEmptyMessage : pb::IMessage<TestEmptyMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestEmptyMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestEmptyMessage>(() => new TestEmptyMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestEmptyMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[16]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEmptyMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEmptyMessage(TestEmptyMessage other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEmptyMessage Clone() {
+      return new TestEmptyMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestEmptyMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestEmptyMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestEmptyMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Like above, but declare all field numbers as potential extensions.  No
+  /// actual extensions should ever be defined for this type.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions : pb::IExtendableMessage<TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions>(() => new TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[17]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions(TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions Clone() {
+      return new TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestMultipleExtensionRanges : pb::IExtendableMessage<TestMultipleExtensionRanges> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestMultipleExtensionRanges> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestMultipleExtensionRanges>(() => new TestMultipleExtensionRanges());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestMultipleExtensionRanges> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestMultipleExtensionRanges> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestMultipleExtensionRanges> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[18]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMultipleExtensionRanges() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMultipleExtensionRanges(TestMultipleExtensionRanges other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMultipleExtensionRanges Clone() {
+      return new TestMultipleExtensionRanges(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestMultipleExtensionRanges);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestMultipleExtensionRanges other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestMultipleExtensionRanges other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestMultipleExtensionRanges, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestMultipleExtensionRanges, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestMultipleExtensionRanges, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestMultipleExtensionRanges, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestMultipleExtensionRanges, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestMultipleExtensionRanges, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestMultipleExtensionRanges, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test that really large tag numbers don't break anything.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestReallyLargeTagNumber : pb::IMessage<TestReallyLargeTagNumber> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestReallyLargeTagNumber> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestReallyLargeTagNumber>(() => new TestReallyLargeTagNumber());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestReallyLargeTagNumber> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[19]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestReallyLargeTagNumber() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestReallyLargeTagNumber(TestReallyLargeTagNumber other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      a_ = other.a_;
+      bb_ = other.bb_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestReallyLargeTagNumber Clone() {
+      return new TestReallyLargeTagNumber(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+    public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int a_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The largest possible tag number is 2^28 - 1, since the wire format uses
+    /// three bits to communicate wire type.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int A {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        a_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasA {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearA() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bb" field.</summary>
+    public const int BbFieldNumber = 268435455;
+    private readonly static int BbDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int bb_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Bb {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return bb_; } else { return BbDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        bb_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "bb" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasBb {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "bb" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearBb() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestReallyLargeTagNumber);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestReallyLargeTagNumber other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (A != other.A) return false;
+      if (Bb != other.Bb) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasBb) hash ^= Bb.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasA) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(A);
+      }
+      if (HasBb) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 255, 255, 255, 7);
+        output.WriteInt32(Bb);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasA) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+      }
+      if (HasBb) {
+        size += 5 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Bb);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestReallyLargeTagNumber other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasA) {
+        A = other.A;
+      }
+      if (other.HasBb) {
+        Bb = other.Bb;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            A = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2147483640: {
+            Bb = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestRecursiveMessage : pb::IMessage<TestRecursiveMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestRecursiveMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestRecursiveMessage>(() => new TestRecursiveMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestRecursiveMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[20]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRecursiveMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRecursiveMessage(TestRecursiveMessage other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      a_ = other.HasA ? other.a_.Clone() : null;
+      i_ = other.i_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRecursiveMessage Clone() {
+      return new TestRecursiveMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+    public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRecursiveMessage a_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRecursiveMessage A {
+      get { return a_; }
+      set {
+        a_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the a field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasA {
+      get { return a_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the a field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearA() {
+      a_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "i" field.</summary>
+    public const int IFieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static int IDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int i_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int I {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return i_; } else { return IDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        i_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "i" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasI {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "i" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearI() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestRecursiveMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestRecursiveMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(A, other.A)) return false;
+      if (I != other.I) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasI) hash ^= I.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasA) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(A);
+      }
+      if (HasI) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(I);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasA) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(A);
+      }
+      if (HasI) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(I);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestRecursiveMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasA) {
+        if (!HasA) {
+          A = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRecursiveMessage();
+        }
+        A.MergeFrom(other.A);
+      }
+      if (other.HasI) {
+        I = other.I;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (!HasA) {
+              A = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRecursiveMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(A);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            I = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test that mutual recursion works.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestMutualRecursionA : pb::IMessage<TestMutualRecursionA> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestMutualRecursionA> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestMutualRecursionA>(() => new TestMutualRecursionA());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestMutualRecursionA> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[21]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMutualRecursionA() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMutualRecursionA(TestMutualRecursionA other) : this() {
+      bb_ = other.HasBb ? other.bb_.Clone() : null;
+      subGroup_ = other.HasSubGroup ? other.subGroup_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMutualRecursionA Clone() {
+      return new TestMutualRecursionA(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bb" field.</summary>
+    public const int BbFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionB bb_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionB Bb {
+      get { return bb_; }
+      set {
+        bb_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the bb field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasBb {
+      get { return bb_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the bb field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearBb() {
+      bb_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "subgroup" field.</summary>
+    public const int SubGroupFieldNumber = 2;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Types.SubGroup subGroup_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Types.SubGroup SubGroup {
+      get { return subGroup_; }
+      set {
+        subGroup_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the subgroup field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasSubGroup {
+      get { return subGroup_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the subgroup field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearSubGroup() {
+      subGroup_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestMutualRecursionA);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestMutualRecursionA other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(Bb, other.Bb)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(SubGroup, other.SubGroup)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasBb) hash ^= Bb.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasSubGroup) hash ^= SubGroup.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasBb) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(Bb);
+      }
+      if (HasSubGroup) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(19);
+        output.WriteGroup(SubGroup);
+        output.WriteRawTag(20);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasBb) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Bb);
+      }
+      if (HasSubGroup) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize(SubGroup);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestMutualRecursionA other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasBb) {
+        if (!HasBb) {
+          Bb = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionB();
+        }
+        Bb.MergeFrom(other.Bb);
+      }
+      if (other.HasSubGroup) {
+        if (!HasSubGroup) {
+          SubGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Types.SubGroup();
+        }
+        SubGroup.MergeFrom(other.SubGroup);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (!HasBb) {
+              Bb = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionB();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Bb);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 19: {
+            if (!HasSubGroup) {
+              SubGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Types.SubGroup();
+            }
+            input.ReadGroup(SubGroup);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestMutualRecursionA message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class SubMessage : pb::IMessage<SubMessage> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<SubMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<SubMessage>(() => new SubMessage());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<SubMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public SubMessage() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public SubMessage(SubMessage other) : this() {
+          b_ = other.HasB ? other.b_.Clone() : null;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public SubMessage Clone() {
+          return new SubMessage(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "b" field.</summary>
+        public const int BFieldNumber = 1;
+        private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionB b_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionB B {
+          get { return b_; }
+          set {
+            b_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the b field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasB {
+          get { return b_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the b field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearB() {
+          b_ = null;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as SubMessage);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(SubMessage other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (!object.Equals(B, other.B)) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasB) hash ^= B.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasB) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(10);
+            output.WriteMessage(B);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasB) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(B);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(SubMessage other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasB) {
+            if (!HasB) {
+              B = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionB();
+            }
+            B.MergeFrom(other.B);
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 10: {
+                if (!HasB) {
+                  B = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionB();
+                }
+                input.ReadMessage(B);
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class SubGroup : pb::IMessage<SubGroup> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<SubGroup> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<SubGroup>(() => new SubGroup());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<SubGroup> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Descriptor.NestedTypes[1]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public SubGroup() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public SubGroup(SubGroup other) : this() {
+          subMessage_ = other.HasSubMessage ? other.subMessage_.Clone() : null;
+          notInThisScc_ = other.HasNotInThisScc ? other.notInThisScc_.Clone() : null;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public SubGroup Clone() {
+          return new SubGroup(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "sub_message" field.</summary>
+        public const int SubMessageFieldNumber = 3;
+        private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Types.SubMessage subMessage_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Needed because of bug in javatest
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Types.SubMessage SubMessage {
+          get { return subMessage_; }
+          set {
+            subMessage_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the sub_message field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasSubMessage {
+          get { return subMessage_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the sub_message field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearSubMessage() {
+          subMessage_ = null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "not_in_this_scc" field.</summary>
+        public const int NotInThisSccFieldNumber = 4;
+        private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes notInThisScc_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes NotInThisScc {
+          get { return notInThisScc_; }
+          set {
+            notInThisScc_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the not_in_this_scc field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasNotInThisScc {
+          get { return notInThisScc_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the not_in_this_scc field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearNotInThisScc() {
+          notInThisScc_ = null;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as SubGroup);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(SubGroup other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (!object.Equals(SubMessage, other.SubMessage)) return false;
+          if (!object.Equals(NotInThisScc, other.NotInThisScc)) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasSubMessage) hash ^= SubMessage.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasNotInThisScc) hash ^= NotInThisScc.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasSubMessage) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(26);
+            output.WriteMessage(SubMessage);
+          }
+          if (HasNotInThisScc) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(34);
+            output.WriteMessage(NotInThisScc);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasSubMessage) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SubMessage);
+          }
+          if (HasNotInThisScc) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(NotInThisScc);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(SubGroup other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasSubMessage) {
+            if (!HasSubMessage) {
+              SubMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Types.SubMessage();
+            }
+            SubMessage.MergeFrom(other.SubMessage);
+          }
+          if (other.HasNotInThisScc) {
+            if (!HasNotInThisScc) {
+              NotInThisScc = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+            }
+            NotInThisScc.MergeFrom(other.NotInThisScc);
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 20:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 26: {
+                if (!HasSubMessage) {
+                  SubMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA.Types.SubMessage();
+                }
+                input.ReadMessage(SubMessage);
+                break;
+              }
+              case 34: {
+                if (!HasNotInThisScc) {
+                  NotInThisScc = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+                }
+                input.ReadMessage(NotInThisScc);
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestMutualRecursionB : pb::IMessage<TestMutualRecursionB> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestMutualRecursionB> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestMutualRecursionB>(() => new TestMutualRecursionB());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestMutualRecursionB> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[22]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMutualRecursionB() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMutualRecursionB(TestMutualRecursionB other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      a_ = other.HasA ? other.a_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalInt32_ = other.optionalInt32_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMutualRecursionB Clone() {
+      return new TestMutualRecursionB(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+    public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA a_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA A {
+      get { return a_; }
+      set {
+        a_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the a field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasA {
+      get { return a_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the a field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearA() {
+      a_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalInt32FieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static int OptionalInt32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int optionalInt32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OptionalInt32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return optionalInt32_; } else { return OptionalInt32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        optionalInt32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_int32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalInt32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_int32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalInt32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestMutualRecursionB);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestMutualRecursionB other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(A, other.A)) return false;
+      if (OptionalInt32 != other.OptionalInt32) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) hash ^= OptionalInt32.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasA) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(A);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(OptionalInt32);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasA) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(A);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(OptionalInt32);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestMutualRecursionB other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasA) {
+        if (!HasA) {
+          A = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA();
+        }
+        A.MergeFrom(other.A);
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalInt32) {
+        OptionalInt32 = other.OptionalInt32;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (!HasA) {
+              A = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestMutualRecursionA();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(A);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            OptionalInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestIsInitialized : pb::IMessage<TestIsInitialized> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestIsInitialized> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestIsInitialized>(() => new TestIsInitialized());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestIsInitialized> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[23]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestIsInitialized() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestIsInitialized(TestIsInitialized other) : this() {
+      subMessage_ = other.HasSubMessage ? other.subMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestIsInitialized Clone() {
+      return new TestIsInitialized(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "sub_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int SubMessageFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Types.SubMessage subMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Types.SubMessage SubMessage {
+      get { return subMessage_; }
+      set {
+        subMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the sub_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasSubMessage {
+      get { return subMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the sub_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearSubMessage() {
+      subMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestIsInitialized);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestIsInitialized other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(SubMessage, other.SubMessage)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasSubMessage) hash ^= SubMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasSubMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(SubMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasSubMessage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SubMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestIsInitialized other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasSubMessage) {
+        if (!HasSubMessage) {
+          SubMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Types.SubMessage();
+        }
+        SubMessage.MergeFrom(other.SubMessage);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (!HasSubMessage) {
+              SubMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Types.SubMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(SubMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestIsInitialized message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class SubMessage : pb::IMessage<SubMessage> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<SubMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<SubMessage>(() => new SubMessage());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<SubMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public SubMessage() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public SubMessage(SubMessage other) : this() {
+          subGroup_ = other.HasSubGroup ? other.subGroup_.Clone() : null;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public SubMessage Clone() {
+          return new SubMessage(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "subgroup" field.</summary>
+        public const int SubGroupFieldNumber = 1;
+        private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Types.SubMessage.Types.SubGroup subGroup_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Types.SubMessage.Types.SubGroup SubGroup {
+          get { return subGroup_; }
+          set {
+            subGroup_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the subgroup field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasSubGroup {
+          get { return subGroup_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the subgroup field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearSubGroup() {
+          subGroup_ = null;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as SubMessage);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(SubMessage other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (!object.Equals(SubGroup, other.SubGroup)) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasSubGroup) hash ^= SubGroup.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasSubGroup) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(11);
+            output.WriteGroup(SubGroup);
+            output.WriteRawTag(12);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasSubGroup) {
+            size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize(SubGroup);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(SubMessage other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasSubGroup) {
+            if (!HasSubGroup) {
+              SubGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Types.SubMessage.Types.SubGroup();
+            }
+            SubGroup.MergeFrom(other.SubGroup);
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 11: {
+                if (!HasSubGroup) {
+                  SubGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Types.SubMessage.Types.SubGroup();
+                }
+                input.ReadGroup(SubGroup);
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        #region Nested types
+        /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the SubMessage message type.</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static partial class Types {
+          public sealed partial class SubGroup : pb::IMessage<SubGroup> {
+            private static readonly pb::MessageParser<SubGroup> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<SubGroup>(() => new SubGroup());
+            private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+            private int _hasBits0;
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public static pb::MessageParser<SubGroup> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+              get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestIsInitialized.Types.SubMessage.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+              get { return Descriptor; }
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public SubGroup() {
+              OnConstruction();
+            }
+
+            partial void OnConstruction();
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public SubGroup(SubGroup other) : this() {
+              _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+              i_ = other.i_;
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public SubGroup Clone() {
+              return new SubGroup(this);
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>Field number for the "i" field.</summary>
+            public const int IFieldNumber = 2;
+            private readonly static int IDefaultValue = 0;
+
+            private int i_;
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public int I {
+              get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return i_; } else { return IDefaultValue; } }
+              set {
+                _hasBits0 |= 1;
+                i_ = value;
+              }
+            }
+            /// <summary>Gets whether the "i" field is set</summary>
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public bool HasI {
+              get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+            }
+            /// <summary>Clears the value of the "i" field</summary>
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void ClearI() {
+              _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public override bool Equals(object other) {
+              return Equals(other as SubGroup);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public bool Equals(SubGroup other) {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+                return false;
+              }
+              if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+                return true;
+              }
+              if (I != other.I) return false;
+              return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public override int GetHashCode() {
+              int hash = 1;
+              if (HasI) hash ^= I.GetHashCode();
+              if (_unknownFields != null) {
+                hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+              }
+              return hash;
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public override string ToString() {
+              return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+              if (HasI) {
+                output.WriteRawTag(16);
+                output.WriteInt32(I);
+              }
+              if (_unknownFields != null) {
+                _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+              }
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public int CalculateSize() {
+              int size = 0;
+              if (HasI) {
+                size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(I);
+              }
+              if (_unknownFields != null) {
+                size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+              }
+              return size;
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void MergeFrom(SubGroup other) {
+              if (other == null) {
+                return;
+              }
+              if (other.HasI) {
+                I = other.I;
+              }
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+              uint tag;
+              while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+                switch(tag) {
+                  case 12:
+                    return;
+                  default:
+                    _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                    break;
+                  case 16: {
+                    I = input.ReadInt32();
+                    break;
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+
+          }
+
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test that groups have disjoint field numbers from their siblings and
+  /// parents.  This is NOT possible in proto1; only google.protobuf.  When attempting
+  /// to compile with proto1, this will emit an error; so we only include it
+  /// in protobuf_unittest_proto.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestDupFieldNumber : pb::IMessage<TestDupFieldNumber> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestDupFieldNumber> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestDupFieldNumber>(() => new TestDupFieldNumber());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestDupFieldNumber> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[24]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDupFieldNumber() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDupFieldNumber(TestDupFieldNumber other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      a_ = other.a_;
+      foo_ = other.HasFoo ? other.foo_.Clone() : null;
+      bar_ = other.HasBar ? other.bar_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDupFieldNumber Clone() {
+      return new TestDupFieldNumber(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+    public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int a_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// NO_PROTO1
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int A {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        a_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasA {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearA() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooFieldNumber = 2;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Types.Foo foo_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Types.Foo Foo {
+      get { return foo_; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the foo field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFoo {
+      get { return foo_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the foo field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFoo() {
+      foo_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bar" field.</summary>
+    public const int BarFieldNumber = 3;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Types.Bar bar_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Types.Bar Bar {
+      get { return bar_; }
+      set {
+        bar_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the bar field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasBar {
+      get { return bar_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the bar field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearBar() {
+      bar_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestDupFieldNumber);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestDupFieldNumber other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (A != other.A) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Foo, other.Foo)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Bar, other.Bar)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFoo) hash ^= Foo.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasBar) hash ^= Bar.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasA) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(A);
+      }
+      if (HasFoo) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(19);
+        output.WriteGroup(Foo);
+        output.WriteRawTag(20);
+      }
+      if (HasBar) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(27);
+        output.WriteGroup(Bar);
+        output.WriteRawTag(28);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasA) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+      }
+      if (HasFoo) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize(Foo);
+      }
+      if (HasBar) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize(Bar);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestDupFieldNumber other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasA) {
+        A = other.A;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFoo) {
+        if (!HasFoo) {
+          Foo = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Types.Foo();
+        }
+        Foo.MergeFrom(other.Foo);
+      }
+      if (other.HasBar) {
+        if (!HasBar) {
+          Bar = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Types.Bar();
+        }
+        Bar.MergeFrom(other.Bar);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            A = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 19: {
+            if (!HasFoo) {
+              Foo = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Types.Foo();
+            }
+            input.ReadGroup(Foo);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 27: {
+            if (!HasBar) {
+              Bar = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Types.Bar();
+            }
+            input.ReadGroup(Bar);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestDupFieldNumber message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class Foo : pb::IMessage<Foo> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Foo> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Foo>(() => new Foo());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<Foo> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Foo() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Foo(Foo other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          a_ = other.a_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Foo Clone() {
+          return new Foo(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+        public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+        private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int a_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int A {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            a_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasA {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearA() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as Foo);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(Foo other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (A != other.A) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasA) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(A);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasA) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(Foo other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasA) {
+            A = other.A;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 20:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                A = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class Bar : pb::IMessage<Bar> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Bar> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Bar>(() => new Bar());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<Bar> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDupFieldNumber.Descriptor.NestedTypes[1]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Bar() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Bar(Bar other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          a_ = other.a_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Bar Clone() {
+          return new Bar(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+        public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+        private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int a_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int A {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            a_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasA {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearA() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as Bar);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(Bar other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (A != other.A) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasA) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(A);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasA) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(Bar other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasA) {
+            A = other.A;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 28:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                A = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Additional messages for testing lazy fields.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestEagerMessage : pb::IMessage<TestEagerMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestEagerMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestEagerMessage>(() => new TestEagerMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestEagerMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[25]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEagerMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEagerMessage(TestEagerMessage other) : this() {
+      subMessage_ = other.HasSubMessage ? other.subMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEagerMessage Clone() {
+      return new TestEagerMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "sub_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int SubMessageFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes subMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes SubMessage {
+      get { return subMessage_; }
+      set {
+        subMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the sub_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasSubMessage {
+      get { return subMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the sub_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearSubMessage() {
+      subMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestEagerMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestEagerMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(SubMessage, other.SubMessage)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasSubMessage) hash ^= SubMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasSubMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(SubMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasSubMessage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SubMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestEagerMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasSubMessage) {
+        if (!HasSubMessage) {
+          SubMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+        }
+        SubMessage.MergeFrom(other.SubMessage);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (!HasSubMessage) {
+              SubMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(SubMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestLazyMessage : pb::IMessage<TestLazyMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestLazyMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestLazyMessage>(() => new TestLazyMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestLazyMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[26]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestLazyMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestLazyMessage(TestLazyMessage other) : this() {
+      subMessage_ = other.HasSubMessage ? other.subMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestLazyMessage Clone() {
+      return new TestLazyMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "sub_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int SubMessageFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes subMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes SubMessage {
+      get { return subMessage_; }
+      set {
+        subMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the sub_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasSubMessage {
+      get { return subMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the sub_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearSubMessage() {
+      subMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestLazyMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestLazyMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(SubMessage, other.SubMessage)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasSubMessage) hash ^= SubMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasSubMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(SubMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasSubMessage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SubMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestLazyMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasSubMessage) {
+        if (!HasSubMessage) {
+          SubMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+        }
+        SubMessage.MergeFrom(other.SubMessage);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (!HasSubMessage) {
+              SubMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(SubMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Needed for a Python test.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestNestedMessageHasBits : pb::IMessage<TestNestedMessageHasBits> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestNestedMessageHasBits> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestNestedMessageHasBits>(() => new TestNestedMessageHasBits());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestNestedMessageHasBits> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[27]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestNestedMessageHasBits() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestNestedMessageHasBits(TestNestedMessageHasBits other) : this() {
+      optionalNestedMessage_ = other.HasOptionalNestedMessage ? other.optionalNestedMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestNestedMessageHasBits Clone() {
+      return new TestNestedMessageHasBits(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalNestedMessageFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedMessageHasBits.Types.NestedMessage optionalNestedMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedMessageHasBits.Types.NestedMessage OptionalNestedMessage {
+      get { return optionalNestedMessage_; }
+      set {
+        optionalNestedMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optional_nested_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalNestedMessage {
+      get { return optionalNestedMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optional_nested_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalNestedMessage() {
+      optionalNestedMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestNestedMessageHasBits);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestNestedMessageHasBits other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalNestedMessage, other.OptionalNestedMessage)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasOptionalNestedMessage) hash ^= OptionalNestedMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestNestedMessageHasBits other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+        if (!HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+          OptionalNestedMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedMessageHasBits.Types.NestedMessage();
+        }
+        OptionalNestedMessage.MergeFrom(other.OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (!HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+              OptionalNestedMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedMessageHasBits.Types.NestedMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalNestedMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestNestedMessageHasBits message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class NestedMessage : pb::IMessage<NestedMessage> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage>(() => new NestedMessage());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestNestedMessageHasBits.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage(NestedMessage other) : this() {
+          nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_ = other.nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_.Clone();
+          nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_ = other.nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_.Clone();
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage Clone() {
+          return new NestedMessage(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "nestedmessage_repeated_int32" field.</summary>
+        public const int NestedmessageRepeatedInt32FieldNumber = 1;
+        private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_codec
+            = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8);
+        private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<int> NestedmessageRepeatedInt32 {
+          get { return nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "nestedmessage_repeated_foreignmessage" field.</summary>
+        public const int NestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessageFieldNumber = 2;
+        private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage> _repeated_nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_codec
+            = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage.Parser);
+        private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage> nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage>();
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage> NestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage {
+          get { return nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as NestedMessage);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if(!nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_.Equals(other.nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_)) return false;
+          if(!nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_.Equals(other.nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_)) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          hash ^= nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+          hash ^= nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_codec);
+          nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_codec);
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          size += nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_codec);
+          size += nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_codec);
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_.Add(other.nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_);
+          nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_.Add(other.nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_);
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 10:
+              case 8: {
+                nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_nestedmessageRepeatedInt32_codec);
+                break;
+              }
+              case 18: {
+                nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_nestedmessageRepeatedForeignmessage_codec);
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test message with CamelCase field names.  This violates Protocol Buffer
+  /// standard style.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestCamelCaseFieldNames : pb::IMessage<TestCamelCaseFieldNames> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestCamelCaseFieldNames> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestCamelCaseFieldNames>(() => new TestCamelCaseFieldNames());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestCamelCaseFieldNames> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[28]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestCamelCaseFieldNames() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestCamelCaseFieldNames(TestCamelCaseFieldNames other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      primitiveField_ = other.primitiveField_;
+      stringField_ = other.stringField_;
+      enumField_ = other.enumField_;
+      messageField_ = other.HasMessageField ? other.messageField_.Clone() : null;
+      stringPieceField_ = other.stringPieceField_;
+      cordField_ = other.cordField_;
+      repeatedPrimitiveField_ = other.repeatedPrimitiveField_.Clone();
+      repeatedStringField_ = other.repeatedStringField_.Clone();
+      repeatedEnumField_ = other.repeatedEnumField_.Clone();
+      repeatedMessageField_ = other.repeatedMessageField_.Clone();
+      repeatedStringPieceField_ = other.repeatedStringPieceField_.Clone();
+      repeatedCordField_ = other.repeatedCordField_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestCamelCaseFieldNames Clone() {
+      return new TestCamelCaseFieldNames(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "PrimitiveField" field.</summary>
+    public const int PrimitiveFieldFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int PrimitiveFieldDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int primitiveField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int PrimitiveField {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return primitiveField_; } else { return PrimitiveFieldDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        primitiveField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "PrimitiveField" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasPrimitiveField {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "PrimitiveField" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearPrimitiveField() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "StringField" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringFieldFieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static string StringFieldDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string stringField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string StringField {
+      get { return stringField_ ?? StringFieldDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        stringField_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "StringField" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasStringField {
+      get { return stringField_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "StringField" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearStringField() {
+      stringField_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "EnumField" field.</summary>
+    public const int EnumFieldFieldNumber = 3;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum EnumFieldDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum enumField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum EnumField {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return enumField_; } else { return EnumFieldDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        enumField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "EnumField" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasEnumField {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "EnumField" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearEnumField() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "MessageField" field.</summary>
+    public const int MessageFieldFieldNumber = 4;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage messageField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage MessageField {
+      get { return messageField_; }
+      set {
+        messageField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the MessageField field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasMessageField {
+      get { return messageField_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the MessageField field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearMessageField() {
+      messageField_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "StringPieceField" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringPieceFieldFieldNumber = 5;
+    private readonly static string StringPieceFieldDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string stringPieceField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string StringPieceField {
+      get { return stringPieceField_ ?? StringPieceFieldDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        stringPieceField_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "StringPieceField" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasStringPieceField {
+      get { return stringPieceField_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "StringPieceField" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearStringPieceField() {
+      stringPieceField_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "CordField" field.</summary>
+    public const int CordFieldFieldNumber = 6;
+    private readonly static string CordFieldDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string cordField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string CordField {
+      get { return cordField_ ?? CordFieldDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        cordField_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "CordField" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasCordField {
+      get { return cordField_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "CordField" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearCordField() {
+      cordField_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "RepeatedPrimitiveField" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedPrimitiveFieldFieldNumber = 7;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedPrimitiveField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(56);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedPrimitiveField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedPrimitiveField {
+      get { return repeatedPrimitiveField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "RepeatedStringField" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedStringFieldFieldNumber = 8;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedStringField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(66);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedStringField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedStringField {
+      get { return repeatedStringField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "RepeatedEnumField" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedEnumFieldFieldNumber = 9;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> _repeated_repeatedEnumField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(72, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> repeatedEnumField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> RepeatedEnumField {
+      get { return repeatedEnumField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "RepeatedMessageField" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedMessageFieldFieldNumber = 10;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage> _repeated_repeatedMessageField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(82, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage> repeatedMessageField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage> RepeatedMessageField {
+      get { return repeatedMessageField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "RepeatedStringPieceField" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedStringPieceFieldFieldNumber = 11;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedStringPieceField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(90);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedStringPieceField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedStringPieceField {
+      get { return repeatedStringPieceField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "RepeatedCordField" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedCordFieldFieldNumber = 12;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedCordField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(98);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedCordField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedCordField {
+      get { return repeatedCordField_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestCamelCaseFieldNames);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestCamelCaseFieldNames other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (PrimitiveField != other.PrimitiveField) return false;
+      if (StringField != other.StringField) return false;
+      if (EnumField != other.EnumField) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(MessageField, other.MessageField)) return false;
+      if (StringPieceField != other.StringPieceField) return false;
+      if (CordField != other.CordField) return false;
+      if(!repeatedPrimitiveField_.Equals(other.repeatedPrimitiveField_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedStringField_.Equals(other.repeatedStringField_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedEnumField_.Equals(other.repeatedEnumField_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedMessageField_.Equals(other.repeatedMessageField_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedStringPieceField_.Equals(other.repeatedStringPieceField_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedCordField_.Equals(other.repeatedCordField_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasPrimitiveField) hash ^= PrimitiveField.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasStringField) hash ^= StringField.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasEnumField) hash ^= EnumField.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasMessageField) hash ^= MessageField.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasStringPieceField) hash ^= StringPieceField.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasCordField) hash ^= CordField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedPrimitiveField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedStringField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedEnumField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedMessageField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedStringPieceField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedCordField_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasPrimitiveField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(PrimitiveField);
+      }
+      if (HasStringField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(StringField);
+      }
+      if (HasEnumField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) EnumField);
+      }
+      if (HasMessageField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(34);
+        output.WriteMessage(MessageField);
+      }
+      if (HasStringPieceField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(42);
+        output.WriteString(StringPieceField);
+      }
+      if (HasCordField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(50);
+        output.WriteString(CordField);
+      }
+      repeatedPrimitiveField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedPrimitiveField_codec);
+      repeatedStringField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedStringField_codec);
+      repeatedEnumField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedEnumField_codec);
+      repeatedMessageField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedMessageField_codec);
+      repeatedStringPieceField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedStringPieceField_codec);
+      repeatedCordField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedCordField_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasPrimitiveField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(PrimitiveField);
+      }
+      if (HasStringField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(StringField);
+      }
+      if (HasEnumField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) EnumField);
+      }
+      if (HasMessageField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(MessageField);
+      }
+      if (HasStringPieceField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(StringPieceField);
+      }
+      if (HasCordField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(CordField);
+      }
+      size += repeatedPrimitiveField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedPrimitiveField_codec);
+      size += repeatedStringField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedStringField_codec);
+      size += repeatedEnumField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedEnumField_codec);
+      size += repeatedMessageField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedMessageField_codec);
+      size += repeatedStringPieceField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedStringPieceField_codec);
+      size += repeatedCordField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedCordField_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestCamelCaseFieldNames other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasPrimitiveField) {
+        PrimitiveField = other.PrimitiveField;
+      }
+      if (other.HasStringField) {
+        StringField = other.StringField;
+      }
+      if (other.HasEnumField) {
+        EnumField = other.EnumField;
+      }
+      if (other.HasMessageField) {
+        if (!HasMessageField) {
+          MessageField = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage();
+        }
+        MessageField.MergeFrom(other.MessageField);
+      }
+      if (other.HasStringPieceField) {
+        StringPieceField = other.StringPieceField;
+      }
+      if (other.HasCordField) {
+        CordField = other.CordField;
+      }
+      repeatedPrimitiveField_.Add(other.repeatedPrimitiveField_);
+      repeatedStringField_.Add(other.repeatedStringField_);
+      repeatedEnumField_.Add(other.repeatedEnumField_);
+      repeatedMessageField_.Add(other.repeatedMessageField_);
+      repeatedStringPieceField_.Add(other.repeatedStringPieceField_);
+      repeatedCordField_.Add(other.repeatedCordField_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            PrimitiveField = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            StringField = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            EnumField = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            if (!HasMessageField) {
+              MessageField = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(MessageField);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            StringPieceField = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            CordField = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58:
+          case 56: {
+            repeatedPrimitiveField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedPrimitiveField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            repeatedStringField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedStringField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 74:
+          case 72: {
+            repeatedEnumField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedEnumField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 82: {
+            repeatedMessageField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedMessageField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 90: {
+            repeatedStringPieceField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedStringPieceField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 98: {
+            repeatedCordField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedCordField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// We list fields out of order, to ensure that we're using field number and not
+  /// field index to determine serialization order.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestFieldOrderings : pb::IExtendableMessage<TestFieldOrderings> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestFieldOrderings> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestFieldOrderings>(() => new TestFieldOrderings());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestFieldOrderings> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestFieldOrderings> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestFieldOrderings> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[29]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestFieldOrderings() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestFieldOrderings(TestFieldOrderings other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      myString_ = other.myString_;
+      myInt_ = other.myInt_;
+      myFloat_ = other.myFloat_;
+      optionalNestedMessage_ = other.HasOptionalNestedMessage ? other.optionalNestedMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestFieldOrderings Clone() {
+      return new TestFieldOrderings(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "my_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int MyStringFieldNumber = 11;
+    private readonly static string MyStringDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string myString_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string MyString {
+      get { return myString_ ?? MyStringDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        myString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "my_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasMyString {
+      get { return myString_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "my_string" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearMyString() {
+      myString_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "my_int" field.</summary>
+    public const int MyIntFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static long MyIntDefaultValue = 0L;
+
+    private long myInt_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long MyInt {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return myInt_; } else { return MyIntDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        myInt_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "my_int" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasMyInt {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "my_int" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearMyInt() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "my_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int MyFloatFieldNumber = 101;
+    private readonly static float MyFloatDefaultValue = 0F;
+
+    private float myFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float MyFloat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return myFloat_; } else { return MyFloatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        myFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "my_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasMyFloat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "my_float" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearMyFloat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalNestedMessageFieldNumber = 200;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings.Types.NestedMessage optionalNestedMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings.Types.NestedMessage OptionalNestedMessage {
+      get { return optionalNestedMessage_; }
+      set {
+        optionalNestedMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optional_nested_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalNestedMessage {
+      get { return optionalNestedMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optional_nested_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalNestedMessage() {
+      optionalNestedMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestFieldOrderings);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestFieldOrderings other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (MyString != other.MyString) return false;
+      if (MyInt != other.MyInt) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(MyFloat, other.MyFloat)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalNestedMessage, other.OptionalNestedMessage)) return false;
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasMyString) hash ^= MyString.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasMyInt) hash ^= MyInt.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasMyFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(MyFloat);
+      if (HasOptionalNestedMessage) hash ^= OptionalNestedMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasMyInt) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt64(MyInt);
+      }
+      if (HasMyString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(90);
+        output.WriteString(MyString);
+      }
+      if (HasMyFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(173, 6);
+        output.WriteFloat(MyFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(194, 12);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasMyString) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(MyString);
+      }
+      if (HasMyInt) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(MyInt);
+      }
+      if (HasMyFloat) {
+        size += 2 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestFieldOrderings other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasMyString) {
+        MyString = other.MyString;
+      }
+      if (other.HasMyInt) {
+        MyInt = other.MyInt;
+      }
+      if (other.HasMyFloat) {
+        MyFloat = other.MyFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+        if (!HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+          OptionalNestedMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings.Types.NestedMessage();
+        }
+        OptionalNestedMessage.MergeFrom(other.OptionalNestedMessage);
+      }
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            MyInt = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 90: {
+            MyString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 813: {
+            MyFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1602: {
+            if (!HasOptionalNestedMessage) {
+              OptionalNestedMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings.Types.NestedMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalNestedMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestFieldOrderings, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestFieldOrderings, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestFieldOrderings, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestFieldOrderings, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestFieldOrderings, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestFieldOrderings, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestFieldOrderings, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestFieldOrderings message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class NestedMessage : pb::IMessage<NestedMessage> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage>(() => new NestedMessage());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage(NestedMessage other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          oo_ = other.oo_;
+          bb_ = other.bb_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage Clone() {
+          return new NestedMessage(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "oo" field.</summary>
+        public const int OoFieldNumber = 2;
+        private readonly static long OoDefaultValue = 0L;
+
+        private long oo_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public long Oo {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return oo_; } else { return OoDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 2;
+            oo_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "oo" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasOo {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "oo" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearOo() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "bb" field.</summary>
+        public const int BbFieldNumber = 1;
+        private readonly static int BbDefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int bb_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+        /// a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+        /// This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int Bb {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return bb_; } else { return BbDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            bb_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "bb" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasBb {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "bb" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearBb() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as NestedMessage);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (Oo != other.Oo) return false;
+          if (Bb != other.Bb) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasOo) hash ^= Oo.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasBb) hash ^= Bb.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasBb) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(Bb);
+          }
+          if (HasOo) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(16);
+            output.WriteInt64(Oo);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasOo) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Oo);
+          }
+          if (HasBb) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Bb);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasOo) {
+            Oo = other.Oo;
+          }
+          if (other.HasBb) {
+            Bb = other.Bb;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                Bb = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 16: {
+                Oo = input.ReadInt64();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestExtensionOrderings1 : pb::IMessage<TestExtensionOrderings1> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestExtensionOrderings1> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestExtensionOrderings1>(() => new TestExtensionOrderings1());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestExtensionOrderings1> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[30]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestExtensionOrderings1() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestExtensionOrderings1(TestExtensionOrderings1 other) : this() {
+      myString_ = other.myString_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestExtensionOrderings1 Clone() {
+      return new TestExtensionOrderings1(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "my_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int MyStringFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static string MyStringDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string myString_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string MyString {
+      get { return myString_ ?? MyStringDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        myString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "my_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasMyString {
+      get { return myString_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "my_string" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearMyString() {
+      myString_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestExtensionOrderings1);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestExtensionOrderings1 other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (MyString != other.MyString) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasMyString) hash ^= MyString.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasMyString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(MyString);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasMyString) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(MyString);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestExtensionOrderings1 other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasMyString) {
+        MyString = other.MyString;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            MyString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Extensions
+    /// <summary>Container for extensions for other messages declared in the TestExtensionOrderings1 message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Extensions {
+      public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings1> TestExtOrderings1 =
+        new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings1>(13, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(106, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings1.Parser));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestExtensionOrderings2 : pb::IMessage<TestExtensionOrderings2> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestExtensionOrderings2> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestExtensionOrderings2>(() => new TestExtensionOrderings2());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestExtensionOrderings2> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[31]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestExtensionOrderings2() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestExtensionOrderings2(TestExtensionOrderings2 other) : this() {
+      myString_ = other.myString_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestExtensionOrderings2 Clone() {
+      return new TestExtensionOrderings2(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "my_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int MyStringFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static string MyStringDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string myString_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string MyString {
+      get { return myString_ ?? MyStringDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        myString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "my_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasMyString {
+      get { return myString_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "my_string" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearMyString() {
+      myString_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestExtensionOrderings2);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestExtensionOrderings2 other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (MyString != other.MyString) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasMyString) hash ^= MyString.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasMyString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(MyString);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasMyString) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(MyString);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestExtensionOrderings2 other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasMyString) {
+        MyString = other.MyString;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            MyString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestExtensionOrderings2 message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class TestExtensionOrderings3 : pb::IMessage<TestExtensionOrderings3> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestExtensionOrderings3> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestExtensionOrderings3>(() => new TestExtensionOrderings3());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<TestExtensionOrderings3> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings2.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public TestExtensionOrderings3() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public TestExtensionOrderings3(TestExtensionOrderings3 other) : this() {
+          myString_ = other.myString_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public TestExtensionOrderings3 Clone() {
+          return new TestExtensionOrderings3(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "my_string" field.</summary>
+        public const int MyStringFieldNumber = 1;
+        private readonly static string MyStringDefaultValue = "";
+
+        private string myString_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public string MyString {
+          get { return myString_ ?? MyStringDefaultValue; }
+          set {
+            myString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "my_string" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasMyString {
+          get { return myString_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "my_string" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearMyString() {
+          myString_ = null;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as TestExtensionOrderings3);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(TestExtensionOrderings3 other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (MyString != other.MyString) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasMyString) hash ^= MyString.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasMyString) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(10);
+            output.WriteString(MyString);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasMyString) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(MyString);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(TestExtensionOrderings3 other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasMyString) {
+            MyString = other.MyString;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 10: {
+                MyString = input.ReadString();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        #region Extensions
+        /// <summary>Container for extensions for other messages declared in the TestExtensionOrderings3 message type.</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static partial class Extensions {
+          public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings2.Types.TestExtensionOrderings3> TestExtOrderings3 =
+            new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings2.Types.TestExtensionOrderings3>(14, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(114, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings2.Types.TestExtensionOrderings3.Parser));
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+    #region Extensions
+    /// <summary>Container for extensions for other messages declared in the TestExtensionOrderings2 message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Extensions {
+      public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings2> TestExtOrderings2 =
+        new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestFieldOrderings, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings2>(12, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(98, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestExtensionOrderings2.Parser));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestExtremeDefaultValues : pb::IMessage<TestExtremeDefaultValues> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestExtremeDefaultValues> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestExtremeDefaultValues>(() => new TestExtremeDefaultValues());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestExtremeDefaultValues> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[32]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestExtremeDefaultValues() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestExtremeDefaultValues(TestExtremeDefaultValues other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      escapedBytes_ = other.escapedBytes_;
+      largeUint32_ = other.largeUint32_;
+      largeUint64_ = other.largeUint64_;
+      smallInt32_ = other.smallInt32_;
+      smallInt64_ = other.smallInt64_;
+      reallySmallInt32_ = other.reallySmallInt32_;
+      reallySmallInt64_ = other.reallySmallInt64_;
+      utf8String_ = other.utf8String_;
+      zeroFloat_ = other.zeroFloat_;
+      oneFloat_ = other.oneFloat_;
+      smallFloat_ = other.smallFloat_;
+      negativeOneFloat_ = other.negativeOneFloat_;
+      negativeFloat_ = other.negativeFloat_;
+      largeFloat_ = other.largeFloat_;
+      smallNegativeFloat_ = other.smallNegativeFloat_;
+      infDouble_ = other.infDouble_;
+      negInfDouble_ = other.negInfDouble_;
+      nanDouble_ = other.nanDouble_;
+      infFloat_ = other.infFloat_;
+      negInfFloat_ = other.negInfFloat_;
+      nanFloat_ = other.nanFloat_;
+      cppTrigraph_ = other.cppTrigraph_;
+      stringWithZero_ = other.stringWithZero_;
+      bytesWithZero_ = other.bytesWithZero_;
+      stringPieceWithZero_ = other.stringPieceWithZero_;
+      cordWithZero_ = other.cordWithZero_;
+      replacementString_ = other.replacementString_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestExtremeDefaultValues Clone() {
+      return new TestExtremeDefaultValues(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "escaped_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int EscapedBytesFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static pb::ByteString EscapedBytesDefaultValue = pb::ByteString.FromBase64("AAEHCAwKDQkLXCci/g==");
+
+    private pb::ByteString escapedBytes_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString EscapedBytes {
+      get { return escapedBytes_ ?? EscapedBytesDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        escapedBytes_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "escaped_bytes" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasEscapedBytes {
+      get { return escapedBytes_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "escaped_bytes" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearEscapedBytes() {
+      escapedBytes_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "large_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int LargeUint32FieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static uint LargeUint32DefaultValue = 4294967295;
+
+    private uint largeUint32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint LargeUint32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return largeUint32_; } else { return LargeUint32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        largeUint32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "large_uint32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasLargeUint32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "large_uint32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearLargeUint32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "large_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int LargeUint64FieldNumber = 3;
+    private readonly static ulong LargeUint64DefaultValue = 18446744073709551615UL;
+
+    private ulong largeUint64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong LargeUint64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return largeUint64_; } else { return LargeUint64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        largeUint64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "large_uint64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasLargeUint64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "large_uint64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearLargeUint64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "small_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int SmallInt32FieldNumber = 4;
+    private readonly static int SmallInt32DefaultValue = -2147483647;
+
+    private int smallInt32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int SmallInt32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4) != 0) { return smallInt32_; } else { return SmallInt32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4;
+        smallInt32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "small_int32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasSmallInt32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "small_int32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearSmallInt32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "small_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int SmallInt64FieldNumber = 5;
+    private readonly static long SmallInt64DefaultValue = -9223372036854775807L;
+
+    private long smallInt64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long SmallInt64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8) != 0) { return smallInt64_; } else { return SmallInt64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8;
+        smallInt64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "small_int64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasSmallInt64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "small_int64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearSmallInt64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "really_small_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int ReallySmallInt32FieldNumber = 21;
+    private readonly static int ReallySmallInt32DefaultValue = -2147483648;
+
+    private int reallySmallInt32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int ReallySmallInt32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 131072) != 0) { return reallySmallInt32_; } else { return ReallySmallInt32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 131072;
+        reallySmallInt32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "really_small_int32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasReallySmallInt32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 131072) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "really_small_int32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearReallySmallInt32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~131072;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "really_small_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int ReallySmallInt64FieldNumber = 22;
+    private readonly static long ReallySmallInt64DefaultValue = -9223372036854775808L;
+
+    private long reallySmallInt64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long ReallySmallInt64 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 262144) != 0) { return reallySmallInt64_; } else { return ReallySmallInt64DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 262144;
+        reallySmallInt64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "really_small_int64" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasReallySmallInt64 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 262144) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "really_small_int64" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearReallySmallInt64() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~262144;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "utf8_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int Utf8StringFieldNumber = 6;
+    private readonly static string Utf8StringDefaultValue = global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("4Yi0"), 0, 3);
+
+    private string utf8String_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The default value here is UTF-8 for "\u1234".  (We could also just type
+    /// the UTF-8 text directly into this text file rather than escape it, but
+    /// lots of people use editors that would be confused by this.)
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Utf8String {
+      get { return utf8String_ ?? Utf8StringDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        utf8String_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "utf8_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasUtf8String {
+      get { return utf8String_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "utf8_string" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearUtf8String() {
+      utf8String_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "zero_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int ZeroFloatFieldNumber = 7;
+    private readonly static float ZeroFloatDefaultValue = 0F;
+
+    private float zeroFloat_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tests for single-precision floating-point values.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float ZeroFloat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16) != 0) { return zeroFloat_; } else { return ZeroFloatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16;
+        zeroFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "zero_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasZeroFloat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "zero_float" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearZeroFloat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "one_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneFloatFieldNumber = 8;
+    private readonly static float OneFloatDefaultValue = 1F;
+
+    private float oneFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float OneFloat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 32) != 0) { return oneFloat_; } else { return OneFloatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 32;
+        oneFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "one_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneFloat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 32) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "one_float" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneFloat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~32;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "small_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int SmallFloatFieldNumber = 9;
+    private readonly static float SmallFloatDefaultValue = 1.5F;
+
+    private float smallFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float SmallFloat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 64) != 0) { return smallFloat_; } else { return SmallFloatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 64;
+        smallFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "small_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasSmallFloat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 64) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "small_float" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearSmallFloat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~64;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "negative_one_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int NegativeOneFloatFieldNumber = 10;
+    private readonly static float NegativeOneFloatDefaultValue = -1F;
+
+    private float negativeOneFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float NegativeOneFloat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 128) != 0) { return negativeOneFloat_; } else { return NegativeOneFloatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 128;
+        negativeOneFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "negative_one_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasNegativeOneFloat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 128) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "negative_one_float" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearNegativeOneFloat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~128;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "negative_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int NegativeFloatFieldNumber = 11;
+    private readonly static float NegativeFloatDefaultValue = -1.5F;
+
+    private float negativeFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float NegativeFloat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 256) != 0) { return negativeFloat_; } else { return NegativeFloatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 256;
+        negativeFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "negative_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasNegativeFloat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 256) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "negative_float" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearNegativeFloat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~256;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "large_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int LargeFloatFieldNumber = 12;
+    private readonly static float LargeFloatDefaultValue = 2e+08F;
+
+    private float largeFloat_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Using exponents
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float LargeFloat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 512) != 0) { return largeFloat_; } else { return LargeFloatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 512;
+        largeFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "large_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasLargeFloat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 512) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "large_float" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearLargeFloat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~512;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "small_negative_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int SmallNegativeFloatFieldNumber = 13;
+    private readonly static float SmallNegativeFloatDefaultValue = -8e-28F;
+
+    private float smallNegativeFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float SmallNegativeFloat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1024) != 0) { return smallNegativeFloat_; } else { return SmallNegativeFloatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1024;
+        smallNegativeFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "small_negative_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasSmallNegativeFloat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1024) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "small_negative_float" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearSmallNegativeFloat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1024;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "inf_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int InfDoubleFieldNumber = 14;
+    private readonly static double InfDoubleDefaultValue = double.PositiveInfinity;
+
+    private double infDouble_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Text for nonfinite floating-point values.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double InfDouble {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2048) != 0) { return infDouble_; } else { return InfDoubleDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2048;
+        infDouble_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "inf_double" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasInfDouble {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2048) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "inf_double" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearInfDouble() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2048;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "neg_inf_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int NegInfDoubleFieldNumber = 15;
+    private readonly static double NegInfDoubleDefaultValue = double.NegativeInfinity;
+
+    private double negInfDouble_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double NegInfDouble {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4096) != 0) { return negInfDouble_; } else { return NegInfDoubleDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4096;
+        negInfDouble_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "neg_inf_double" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasNegInfDouble {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4096) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "neg_inf_double" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearNegInfDouble() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4096;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "nan_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int NanDoubleFieldNumber = 16;
+    private readonly static double NanDoubleDefaultValue = double.NaN;
+
+    private double nanDouble_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double NanDouble {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8192) != 0) { return nanDouble_; } else { return NanDoubleDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8192;
+        nanDouble_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "nan_double" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasNanDouble {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8192) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "nan_double" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearNanDouble() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8192;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "inf_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int InfFloatFieldNumber = 17;
+    private readonly static float InfFloatDefaultValue = float.PositiveInfinity;
+
+    private float infFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float InfFloat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16384) != 0) { return infFloat_; } else { return InfFloatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16384;
+        infFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "inf_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasInfFloat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16384) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "inf_float" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearInfFloat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16384;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "neg_inf_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int NegInfFloatFieldNumber = 18;
+    private readonly static float NegInfFloatDefaultValue = float.NegativeInfinity;
+
+    private float negInfFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float NegInfFloat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 32768) != 0) { return negInfFloat_; } else { return NegInfFloatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 32768;
+        negInfFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "neg_inf_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasNegInfFloat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 32768) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "neg_inf_float" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearNegInfFloat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~32768;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "nan_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int NanFloatFieldNumber = 19;
+    private readonly static float NanFloatDefaultValue = float.NaN;
+
+    private float nanFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float NanFloat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 65536) != 0) { return nanFloat_; } else { return NanFloatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 65536;
+        nanFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "nan_float" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasNanFloat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 65536) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "nan_float" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearNanFloat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~65536;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "cpp_trigraph" field.</summary>
+    public const int CppTrigraphFieldNumber = 20;
+    private readonly static string CppTrigraphDefaultValue = global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("PyA/ID8/ID8/ID8/PyA/Py8gPz8t"), 0, 21);
+
+    private string cppTrigraph_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tests for C++ trigraphs.
+    /// Trigraphs should be escaped in C++ generated files, but they should not be
+    /// escaped for other languages.
+    /// Note that in .proto file, "\?" is a valid way to escape ? in string
+    /// literals.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string CppTrigraph {
+      get { return cppTrigraph_ ?? CppTrigraphDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        cppTrigraph_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "cpp_trigraph" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasCppTrigraph {
+      get { return cppTrigraph_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "cpp_trigraph" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearCppTrigraph() {
+      cppTrigraph_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "string_with_zero" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringWithZeroFieldNumber = 23;
+    private readonly static string StringWithZeroDefaultValue = global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("aGVsAGxv"), 0, 6);
+
+    private string stringWithZero_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// String defaults containing the character '\000'
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string StringWithZero {
+      get { return stringWithZero_ ?? StringWithZeroDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        stringWithZero_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "string_with_zero" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasStringWithZero {
+      get { return stringWithZero_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "string_with_zero" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearStringWithZero() {
+      stringWithZero_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bytes_with_zero" field.</summary>
+    public const int BytesWithZeroFieldNumber = 24;
+    private readonly static pb::ByteString BytesWithZeroDefaultValue = pb::ByteString.FromBase64("d29yAGxk");
+
+    private pb::ByteString bytesWithZero_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString BytesWithZero {
+      get { return bytesWithZero_ ?? BytesWithZeroDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        bytesWithZero_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "bytes_with_zero" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasBytesWithZero {
+      get { return bytesWithZero_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "bytes_with_zero" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearBytesWithZero() {
+      bytesWithZero_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "string_piece_with_zero" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringPieceWithZeroFieldNumber = 25;
+    private readonly static string StringPieceWithZeroDefaultValue = global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("YWIAYw=="), 0, 4);
+
+    private string stringPieceWithZero_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string StringPieceWithZero {
+      get { return stringPieceWithZero_ ?? StringPieceWithZeroDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        stringPieceWithZero_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "string_piece_with_zero" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasStringPieceWithZero {
+      get { return stringPieceWithZero_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "string_piece_with_zero" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearStringPieceWithZero() {
+      stringPieceWithZero_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "cord_with_zero" field.</summary>
+    public const int CordWithZeroFieldNumber = 26;
+    private readonly static string CordWithZeroDefaultValue = global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("MTIAMw=="), 0, 4);
+
+    private string cordWithZero_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string CordWithZero {
+      get { return cordWithZero_ ?? CordWithZeroDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        cordWithZero_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "cord_with_zero" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasCordWithZero {
+      get { return cordWithZero_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "cord_with_zero" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearCordWithZero() {
+      cordWithZero_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "replacement_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int ReplacementStringFieldNumber = 27;
+    private readonly static string ReplacementStringDefaultValue = global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("JHt1bmtub3dufQ=="), 0, 10);
+
+    private string replacementString_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string ReplacementString {
+      get { return replacementString_ ?? ReplacementStringDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        replacementString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "replacement_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasReplacementString {
+      get { return replacementString_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "replacement_string" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearReplacementString() {
+      replacementString_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestExtremeDefaultValues);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestExtremeDefaultValues other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (EscapedBytes != other.EscapedBytes) return false;
+      if (LargeUint32 != other.LargeUint32) return false;
+      if (LargeUint64 != other.LargeUint64) return false;
+      if (SmallInt32 != other.SmallInt32) return false;
+      if (SmallInt64 != other.SmallInt64) return false;
+      if (ReallySmallInt32 != other.ReallySmallInt32) return false;
+      if (ReallySmallInt64 != other.ReallySmallInt64) return false;
+      if (Utf8String != other.Utf8String) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(ZeroFloat, other.ZeroFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(OneFloat, other.OneFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(SmallFloat, other.SmallFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(NegativeOneFloat, other.NegativeOneFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(NegativeFloat, other.NegativeFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(LargeFloat, other.LargeFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(SmallNegativeFloat, other.SmallNegativeFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(InfDouble, other.InfDouble)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(NegInfDouble, other.NegInfDouble)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(NanDouble, other.NanDouble)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(InfFloat, other.InfFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(NegInfFloat, other.NegInfFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(NanFloat, other.NanFloat)) return false;
+      if (CppTrigraph != other.CppTrigraph) return false;
+      if (StringWithZero != other.StringWithZero) return false;
+      if (BytesWithZero != other.BytesWithZero) return false;
+      if (StringPieceWithZero != other.StringPieceWithZero) return false;
+      if (CordWithZero != other.CordWithZero) return false;
+      if (ReplacementString != other.ReplacementString) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasEscapedBytes) hash ^= EscapedBytes.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasLargeUint32) hash ^= LargeUint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasLargeUint64) hash ^= LargeUint64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasSmallInt32) hash ^= SmallInt32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasSmallInt64) hash ^= SmallInt64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasReallySmallInt32) hash ^= ReallySmallInt32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasReallySmallInt64) hash ^= ReallySmallInt64.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasUtf8String) hash ^= Utf8String.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasZeroFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(ZeroFloat);
+      if (HasOneFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(OneFloat);
+      if (HasSmallFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(SmallFloat);
+      if (HasNegativeOneFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(NegativeOneFloat);
+      if (HasNegativeFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(NegativeFloat);
+      if (HasLargeFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(LargeFloat);
+      if (HasSmallNegativeFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(SmallNegativeFloat);
+      if (HasInfDouble) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(InfDouble);
+      if (HasNegInfDouble) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(NegInfDouble);
+      if (HasNanDouble) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(NanDouble);
+      if (HasInfFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(InfFloat);
+      if (HasNegInfFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(NegInfFloat);
+      if (HasNanFloat) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(NanFloat);
+      if (HasCppTrigraph) hash ^= CppTrigraph.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasStringWithZero) hash ^= StringWithZero.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasBytesWithZero) hash ^= BytesWithZero.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasStringPieceWithZero) hash ^= StringPieceWithZero.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasCordWithZero) hash ^= CordWithZero.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasReplacementString) hash ^= ReplacementString.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasEscapedBytes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteBytes(EscapedBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasLargeUint32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteUInt32(LargeUint32);
+      }
+      if (HasLargeUint64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteUInt64(LargeUint64);
+      }
+      if (HasSmallInt32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(32);
+        output.WriteInt32(SmallInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasSmallInt64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteInt64(SmallInt64);
+      }
+      if (HasUtf8String) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(50);
+        output.WriteString(Utf8String);
+      }
+      if (HasZeroFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(61);
+        output.WriteFloat(ZeroFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasOneFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(69);
+        output.WriteFloat(OneFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasSmallFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(77);
+        output.WriteFloat(SmallFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasNegativeOneFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(85);
+        output.WriteFloat(NegativeOneFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasNegativeFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(93);
+        output.WriteFloat(NegativeFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasLargeFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(101);
+        output.WriteFloat(LargeFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasSmallNegativeFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(109);
+        output.WriteFloat(SmallNegativeFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasInfDouble) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(113);
+        output.WriteDouble(InfDouble);
+      }
+      if (HasNegInfDouble) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(121);
+        output.WriteDouble(NegInfDouble);
+      }
+      if (HasNanDouble) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(129, 1);
+        output.WriteDouble(NanDouble);
+      }
+      if (HasInfFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(141, 1);
+        output.WriteFloat(InfFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasNegInfFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(149, 1);
+        output.WriteFloat(NegInfFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasNanFloat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(157, 1);
+        output.WriteFloat(NanFloat);
+      }
+      if (HasCppTrigraph) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(162, 1);
+        output.WriteString(CppTrigraph);
+      }
+      if (HasReallySmallInt32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(168, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(ReallySmallInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasReallySmallInt64) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(176, 1);
+        output.WriteInt64(ReallySmallInt64);
+      }
+      if (HasStringWithZero) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(186, 1);
+        output.WriteString(StringWithZero);
+      }
+      if (HasBytesWithZero) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(194, 1);
+        output.WriteBytes(BytesWithZero);
+      }
+      if (HasStringPieceWithZero) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(202, 1);
+        output.WriteString(StringPieceWithZero);
+      }
+      if (HasCordWithZero) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(210, 1);
+        output.WriteString(CordWithZero);
+      }
+      if (HasReplacementString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(218, 1);
+        output.WriteString(ReplacementString);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasEscapedBytes) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(EscapedBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasLargeUint32) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(LargeUint32);
+      }
+      if (HasLargeUint64) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(LargeUint64);
+      }
+      if (HasSmallInt32) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(SmallInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasSmallInt64) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(SmallInt64);
+      }
+      if (HasReallySmallInt32) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(ReallySmallInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasReallySmallInt64) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(ReallySmallInt64);
+      }
+      if (HasUtf8String) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Utf8String);
+      }
+      if (HasZeroFloat) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasOneFloat) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasSmallFloat) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasNegativeOneFloat) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasNegativeFloat) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasLargeFloat) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasSmallNegativeFloat) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasInfDouble) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (HasNegInfDouble) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (HasNanDouble) {
+        size += 2 + 8;
+      }
+      if (HasInfFloat) {
+        size += 2 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasNegInfFloat) {
+        size += 2 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasNanFloat) {
+        size += 2 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasCppTrigraph) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(CppTrigraph);
+      }
+      if (HasStringWithZero) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(StringWithZero);
+      }
+      if (HasBytesWithZero) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(BytesWithZero);
+      }
+      if (HasStringPieceWithZero) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(StringPieceWithZero);
+      }
+      if (HasCordWithZero) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(CordWithZero);
+      }
+      if (HasReplacementString) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(ReplacementString);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestExtremeDefaultValues other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasEscapedBytes) {
+        EscapedBytes = other.EscapedBytes;
+      }
+      if (other.HasLargeUint32) {
+        LargeUint32 = other.LargeUint32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasLargeUint64) {
+        LargeUint64 = other.LargeUint64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasSmallInt32) {
+        SmallInt32 = other.SmallInt32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasSmallInt64) {
+        SmallInt64 = other.SmallInt64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasReallySmallInt32) {
+        ReallySmallInt32 = other.ReallySmallInt32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasReallySmallInt64) {
+        ReallySmallInt64 = other.ReallySmallInt64;
+      }
+      if (other.HasUtf8String) {
+        Utf8String = other.Utf8String;
+      }
+      if (other.HasZeroFloat) {
+        ZeroFloat = other.ZeroFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOneFloat) {
+        OneFloat = other.OneFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasSmallFloat) {
+        SmallFloat = other.SmallFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasNegativeOneFloat) {
+        NegativeOneFloat = other.NegativeOneFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasNegativeFloat) {
+        NegativeFloat = other.NegativeFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasLargeFloat) {
+        LargeFloat = other.LargeFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasSmallNegativeFloat) {
+        SmallNegativeFloat = other.SmallNegativeFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasInfDouble) {
+        InfDouble = other.InfDouble;
+      }
+      if (other.HasNegInfDouble) {
+        NegInfDouble = other.NegInfDouble;
+      }
+      if (other.HasNanDouble) {
+        NanDouble = other.NanDouble;
+      }
+      if (other.HasInfFloat) {
+        InfFloat = other.InfFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasNegInfFloat) {
+        NegInfFloat = other.NegInfFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasNanFloat) {
+        NanFloat = other.NanFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasCppTrigraph) {
+        CppTrigraph = other.CppTrigraph;
+      }
+      if (other.HasStringWithZero) {
+        StringWithZero = other.StringWithZero;
+      }
+      if (other.HasBytesWithZero) {
+        BytesWithZero = other.BytesWithZero;
+      }
+      if (other.HasStringPieceWithZero) {
+        StringPieceWithZero = other.StringPieceWithZero;
+      }
+      if (other.HasCordWithZero) {
+        CordWithZero = other.CordWithZero;
+      }
+      if (other.HasReplacementString) {
+        ReplacementString = other.ReplacementString;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            EscapedBytes = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            LargeUint32 = input.ReadUInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            LargeUint64 = input.ReadUInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+            SmallInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            SmallInt64 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            Utf8String = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 61: {
+            ZeroFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 69: {
+            OneFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 77: {
+            SmallFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 85: {
+            NegativeOneFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 93: {
+            NegativeFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 101: {
+            LargeFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 109: {
+            SmallNegativeFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 113: {
+            InfDouble = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 121: {
+            NegInfDouble = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 129: {
+            NanDouble = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 141: {
+            InfFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 149: {
+            NegInfFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 157: {
+            NanFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 162: {
+            CppTrigraph = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 168: {
+            ReallySmallInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 176: {
+            ReallySmallInt64 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 186: {
+            StringWithZero = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 194: {
+            BytesWithZero = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 202: {
+            StringPieceWithZero = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 210: {
+            CordWithZero = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 218: {
+            ReplacementString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class SparseEnumMessage : pb::IMessage<SparseEnumMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<SparseEnumMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<SparseEnumMessage>(() => new SparseEnumMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<SparseEnumMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[33]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SparseEnumMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SparseEnumMessage(SparseEnumMessage other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      sparseEnum_ = other.sparseEnum_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SparseEnumMessage Clone() {
+      return new SparseEnumMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "sparse_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int SparseEnumFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestSparseEnum SparseEnumDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestSparseEnum.SparseA;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestSparseEnum sparseEnum_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestSparseEnum SparseEnum {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return sparseEnum_; } else { return SparseEnumDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        sparseEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "sparse_enum" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasSparseEnum {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "sparse_enum" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearSparseEnum() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as SparseEnumMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(SparseEnumMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (SparseEnum != other.SparseEnum) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasSparseEnum) hash ^= SparseEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasSparseEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) SparseEnum);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasSparseEnum) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) SparseEnum);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(SparseEnumMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasSparseEnum) {
+        SparseEnum = other.SparseEnum;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            SparseEnum = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestSparseEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test String and Bytes: string is for valid UTF-8 strings
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class OneString : pb::IMessage<OneString> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OneString> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OneString>(() => new OneString());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<OneString> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[34]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneString() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneString(OneString other) : this() {
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneString Clone() {
+      return new OneString(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static string DataDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string data_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Data {
+      get { return data_ ?? DataDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        data_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "data" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasData {
+      get { return data_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "data" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearData() {
+      data_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as OneString);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(OneString other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasData) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasData) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasData) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(OneString other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasData) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Data = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class MoreString : pb::IMessage<MoreString> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<MoreString> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<MoreString>(() => new MoreString());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<MoreString> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[35]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MoreString() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MoreString(MoreString other) : this() {
+      data_ = other.data_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MoreString Clone() {
+      return new MoreString(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_data_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> data_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> Data {
+      get { return data_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as MoreString);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(MoreString other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!data_.Equals(other.data_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= data_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      data_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_data_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += data_.CalculateSize(_repeated_data_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(MoreString other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      data_.Add(other.data_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            data_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_data_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class OneBytes : pb::IMessage<OneBytes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OneBytes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OneBytes>(() => new OneBytes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<OneBytes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[36]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneBytes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneBytes(OneBytes other) : this() {
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneBytes Clone() {
+      return new OneBytes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static pb::ByteString DataDefaultValue = pb::ByteString.Empty;
+
+    private pb::ByteString data_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString Data {
+      get { return data_ ?? DataDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        data_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "data" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasData {
+      get { return data_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "data" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearData() {
+      data_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as OneBytes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(OneBytes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasData) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasData) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteBytes(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasData) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(OneBytes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasData) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Data = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class MoreBytes : pb::IMessage<MoreBytes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<MoreBytes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<MoreBytes>(() => new MoreBytes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<MoreBytes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[37]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MoreBytes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MoreBytes(MoreBytes other) : this() {
+      data_ = other.data_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MoreBytes Clone() {
+      return new MoreBytes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<pb::ByteString> _repeated_data_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBytes(10);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> data_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> Data {
+      get { return data_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as MoreBytes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(MoreBytes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!data_.Equals(other.data_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= data_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      data_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_data_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += data_.CalculateSize(_repeated_data_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(MoreBytes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      data_.Add(other.data_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            data_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_data_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test int32, uint32, int64, uint64, and bool are all compatible
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Int32Message : pb::IMessage<Int32Message> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Int32Message> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Int32Message>(() => new Int32Message());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Int32Message> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[38]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int32Message() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int32Message(Int32Message other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int32Message Clone() {
+      return new Int32Message(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int DataDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int data_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Data {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return data_; } else { return DataDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        data_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "data" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasData {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "data" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearData() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Int32Message);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Int32Message other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasData) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasData) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasData) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Int32Message other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasData) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Data = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class Uint32Message : pb::IMessage<Uint32Message> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Uint32Message> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Uint32Message>(() => new Uint32Message());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Uint32Message> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[39]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Uint32Message() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Uint32Message(Uint32Message other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Uint32Message Clone() {
+      return new Uint32Message(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static uint DataDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private uint data_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint Data {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return data_; } else { return DataDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        data_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "data" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasData {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "data" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearData() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Uint32Message);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Uint32Message other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasData) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasData) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteUInt32(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasData) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Uint32Message other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasData) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Data = input.ReadUInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class Int64Message : pb::IMessage<Int64Message> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Int64Message> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Int64Message>(() => new Int64Message());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Int64Message> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[40]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int64Message() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int64Message(Int64Message other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int64Message Clone() {
+      return new Int64Message(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static long DataDefaultValue = 0L;
+
+    private long data_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Data {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return data_; } else { return DataDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        data_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "data" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasData {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "data" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearData() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Int64Message);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Int64Message other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasData) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasData) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt64(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasData) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Int64Message other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasData) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Data = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class Uint64Message : pb::IMessage<Uint64Message> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Uint64Message> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Uint64Message>(() => new Uint64Message());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Uint64Message> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[41]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Uint64Message() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Uint64Message(Uint64Message other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Uint64Message Clone() {
+      return new Uint64Message(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static ulong DataDefaultValue = 0UL;
+
+    private ulong data_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong Data {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return data_; } else { return DataDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        data_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "data" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasData {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "data" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearData() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Uint64Message);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Uint64Message other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasData) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasData) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteUInt64(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasData) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Uint64Message other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasData) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Data = input.ReadUInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class BoolMessage : pb::IMessage<BoolMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<BoolMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<BoolMessage>(() => new BoolMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<BoolMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[42]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BoolMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BoolMessage(BoolMessage other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BoolMessage Clone() {
+      return new BoolMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static bool DataDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool data_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Data {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return data_; } else { return DataDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        data_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "data" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasData {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "data" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearData() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as BoolMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(BoolMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasData) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasData) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteBool(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasData) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(BoolMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasData) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Data = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test oneofs.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestOneof : pb::IMessage<TestOneof> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestOneof> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestOneof>(() => new TestOneof());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestOneof> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[43]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestOneof() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestOneof(TestOneof other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      switch (other.FooCase) {
+        case FooOneofCase.FooInt:
+          FooInt = other.FooInt;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooString:
+          FooString = other.FooString;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooMessage:
+          FooMessage = other.FooMessage.Clone();
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooGroup:
+          FooGroup = other.FooGroup.Clone();
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestOneof Clone() {
+      return new TestOneof(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_int" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooIntFieldNumber = 1;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FooInt {
+      get { return HasFooInt ? (int) foo_ : 0; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+        fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.FooInt;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_int" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooInt {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooInt; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foo_int" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooInt() {
+      if (HasFooInt) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooStringFieldNumber = 2;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string FooString {
+      get { return HasFooString ? (string) foo_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.FooString;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooString {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooString; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foo_string" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooString() {
+      if (HasFooString) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooMessageFieldNumber = 3;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes FooMessage {
+      get { return HasFooMessage ? (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes) foo_ : null; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+        fooCase_ = value == null ? FooOneofCase.None : FooOneofCase.FooMessage;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_message" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooMessage {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooMessage; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foo_message" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooMessage() {
+      if (HasFooMessage) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foogroup" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooGroupFieldNumber = 4;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof.Types.FooGroup FooGroup {
+      get { return HasFooGroup ? (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof.Types.FooGroup) foo_ : null; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+        fooCase_ = value == null ? FooOneofCase.None : FooOneofCase.FooGroup;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foogroup" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooGroup {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooGroup; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foogroup" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooGroup() {
+      if (HasFooGroup) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object foo_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "foo" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum FooOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      FooInt = 1,
+      FooString = 2,
+      FooMessage = 3,
+      FooGroup = 4,
+    }
+    private FooOneofCase fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooOneofCase FooCase {
+      get { return fooCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFoo() {
+      fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.None;
+      foo_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestOneof);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestOneof other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (FooInt != other.FooInt) return false;
+      if (FooString != other.FooString) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(FooMessage, other.FooMessage)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(FooGroup, other.FooGroup)) return false;
+      if (FooCase != other.FooCase) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasFooInt) hash ^= FooInt.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooString) hash ^= FooString.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooMessage) hash ^= FooMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooGroup) hash ^= FooGroup.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) fooCase_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasFooInt) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(FooInt);
+      }
+      if (HasFooString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(FooString);
+      }
+      if (HasFooMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteMessage(FooMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasFooGroup) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(35);
+        output.WriteGroup(FooGroup);
+        output.WriteRawTag(36);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasFooInt) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FooInt);
+      }
+      if (HasFooString) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(FooString);
+      }
+      if (HasFooMessage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(FooMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasFooGroup) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize(FooGroup);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestOneof other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      switch (other.FooCase) {
+        case FooOneofCase.FooInt:
+          FooInt = other.FooInt;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooString:
+          FooString = other.FooString;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooMessage:
+          if (FooMessage == null) {
+            FooMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+          }
+          FooMessage.MergeFrom(other.FooMessage);
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooGroup:
+          if (FooGroup == null) {
+            FooGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof.Types.FooGroup();
+          }
+          FooGroup.MergeFrom(other.FooGroup);
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            FooInt = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            FooString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+            if (HasFooMessage) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(FooMessage);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            FooMessage = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 35: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof.Types.FooGroup subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof.Types.FooGroup();
+            if (HasFooGroup) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(FooGroup);
+            }
+            input.ReadGroup(subBuilder);
+            FooGroup = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestOneof message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class FooGroup : pb::IMessage<FooGroup> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FooGroup> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FooGroup>(() => new FooGroup());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<FooGroup> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public FooGroup() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public FooGroup(FooGroup other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          a_ = other.a_;
+          b_ = other.b_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public FooGroup Clone() {
+          return new FooGroup(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+        public const int AFieldNumber = 5;
+        private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int a_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int A {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            a_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasA {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearA() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "b" field.</summary>
+        public const int BFieldNumber = 6;
+        private readonly static string BDefaultValue = "";
+
+        private string b_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public string B {
+          get { return b_ ?? BDefaultValue; }
+          set {
+            b_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "b" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasB {
+          get { return b_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "b" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearB() {
+          b_ = null;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as FooGroup);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(FooGroup other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (A != other.A) return false;
+          if (B != other.B) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasB) hash ^= B.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasA) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(40);
+            output.WriteInt32(A);
+          }
+          if (HasB) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(50);
+            output.WriteString(B);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasA) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+          }
+          if (HasB) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(B);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(FooGroup other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasA) {
+            A = other.A;
+          }
+          if (other.HasB) {
+            B = other.B;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 36:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 40: {
+                A = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 50: {
+                B = input.ReadString();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestOneofBackwardsCompatible : pb::IMessage<TestOneofBackwardsCompatible> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestOneofBackwardsCompatible> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestOneofBackwardsCompatible>(() => new TestOneofBackwardsCompatible());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestOneofBackwardsCompatible> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[44]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestOneofBackwardsCompatible() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestOneofBackwardsCompatible(TestOneofBackwardsCompatible other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      fooInt_ = other.fooInt_;
+      fooString_ = other.fooString_;
+      fooMessage_ = other.HasFooMessage ? other.fooMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      fooGroup_ = other.HasFooGroup ? other.fooGroup_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestOneofBackwardsCompatible Clone() {
+      return new TestOneofBackwardsCompatible(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_int" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooIntFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int FooIntDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fooInt_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FooInt {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return fooInt_; } else { return FooIntDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        fooInt_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_int" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooInt {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "foo_int" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooInt() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooStringFieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static string FooStringDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string fooString_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string FooString {
+      get { return fooString_ ?? FooStringDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        fooString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooString {
+      get { return fooString_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "foo_string" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooString() {
+      fooString_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooMessageFieldNumber = 3;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes fooMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes FooMessage {
+      get { return fooMessage_; }
+      set {
+        fooMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the foo_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooMessage {
+      get { return fooMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the foo_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooMessage() {
+      fooMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foogroup" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooGroupFieldNumber = 4;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneofBackwardsCompatible.Types.FooGroup fooGroup_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneofBackwardsCompatible.Types.FooGroup FooGroup {
+      get { return fooGroup_; }
+      set {
+        fooGroup_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the foogroup field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooGroup {
+      get { return fooGroup_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the foogroup field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooGroup() {
+      fooGroup_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestOneofBackwardsCompatible);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestOneofBackwardsCompatible other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (FooInt != other.FooInt) return false;
+      if (FooString != other.FooString) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(FooMessage, other.FooMessage)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(FooGroup, other.FooGroup)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasFooInt) hash ^= FooInt.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooString) hash ^= FooString.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooMessage) hash ^= FooMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooGroup) hash ^= FooGroup.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasFooInt) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(FooInt);
+      }
+      if (HasFooString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(FooString);
+      }
+      if (HasFooMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteMessage(FooMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasFooGroup) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(35);
+        output.WriteGroup(FooGroup);
+        output.WriteRawTag(36);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasFooInt) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FooInt);
+      }
+      if (HasFooString) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(FooString);
+      }
+      if (HasFooMessage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(FooMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasFooGroup) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize(FooGroup);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestOneofBackwardsCompatible other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFooInt) {
+        FooInt = other.FooInt;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFooString) {
+        FooString = other.FooString;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFooMessage) {
+        if (!HasFooMessage) {
+          FooMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+        }
+        FooMessage.MergeFrom(other.FooMessage);
+      }
+      if (other.HasFooGroup) {
+        if (!HasFooGroup) {
+          FooGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneofBackwardsCompatible.Types.FooGroup();
+        }
+        FooGroup.MergeFrom(other.FooGroup);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            FooInt = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            FooString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            if (!HasFooMessage) {
+              FooMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(FooMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 35: {
+            if (!HasFooGroup) {
+              FooGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneofBackwardsCompatible.Types.FooGroup();
+            }
+            input.ReadGroup(FooGroup);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestOneofBackwardsCompatible message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class FooGroup : pb::IMessage<FooGroup> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FooGroup> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FooGroup>(() => new FooGroup());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<FooGroup> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneofBackwardsCompatible.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public FooGroup() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public FooGroup(FooGroup other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          a_ = other.a_;
+          b_ = other.b_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public FooGroup Clone() {
+          return new FooGroup(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+        public const int AFieldNumber = 5;
+        private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int a_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int A {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            a_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasA {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearA() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "b" field.</summary>
+        public const int BFieldNumber = 6;
+        private readonly static string BDefaultValue = "";
+
+        private string b_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public string B {
+          get { return b_ ?? BDefaultValue; }
+          set {
+            b_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "b" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasB {
+          get { return b_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "b" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearB() {
+          b_ = null;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as FooGroup);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(FooGroup other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (A != other.A) return false;
+          if (B != other.B) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasB) hash ^= B.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasA) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(40);
+            output.WriteInt32(A);
+          }
+          if (HasB) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(50);
+            output.WriteString(B);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasA) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+          }
+          if (HasB) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(B);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(FooGroup other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasA) {
+            A = other.A;
+          }
+          if (other.HasB) {
+            B = other.B;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 36:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 40: {
+                A = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 50: {
+                B = input.ReadString();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestOneof2 : pb::IMessage<TestOneof2> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestOneof2> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestOneof2>(() => new TestOneof2());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestOneof2> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[45]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestOneof2() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestOneof2(TestOneof2 other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      bazInt_ = other.bazInt_;
+      bazString_ = other.bazString_;
+      switch (other.FooCase) {
+        case FooOneofCase.FooInt:
+          FooInt = other.FooInt;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooString:
+          FooString = other.FooString;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooCord:
+          FooCord = other.FooCord;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooStringPiece:
+          FooStringPiece = other.FooStringPiece;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooBytes:
+          FooBytes = other.FooBytes;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooEnum:
+          FooEnum = other.FooEnum;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooMessage:
+          FooMessage = other.FooMessage.Clone();
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooGroup:
+          FooGroup = other.FooGroup.Clone();
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooLazyMessage:
+          FooLazyMessage = other.FooLazyMessage.Clone();
+          break;
+      }
+
+      switch (other.BarCase) {
+        case BarOneofCase.BarInt:
+          BarInt = other.BarInt;
+          break;
+        case BarOneofCase.BarString:
+          BarString = other.BarString;
+          break;
+        case BarOneofCase.BarCord:
+          BarCord = other.BarCord;
+          break;
+        case BarOneofCase.BarStringPiece:
+          BarStringPiece = other.BarStringPiece;
+          break;
+        case BarOneofCase.BarBytes:
+          BarBytes = other.BarBytes;
+          break;
+        case BarOneofCase.BarEnum:
+          BarEnum = other.BarEnum;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestOneof2 Clone() {
+      return new TestOneof2(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_int" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooIntFieldNumber = 1;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FooInt {
+      get { return HasFooInt ? (int) foo_ : 0; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+        fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.FooInt;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_int" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooInt {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooInt; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foo_int" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooInt() {
+      if (HasFooInt) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooStringFieldNumber = 2;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string FooString {
+      get { return HasFooString ? (string) foo_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.FooString;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooString {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooString; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foo_string" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooString() {
+      if (HasFooString) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_cord" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooCordFieldNumber = 3;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string FooCord {
+      get { return HasFooCord ? (string) foo_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.FooCord;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_cord" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooCord {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooCord; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foo_cord" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooCord() {
+      if (HasFooCord) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_string_piece" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooStringPieceFieldNumber = 4;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string FooStringPiece {
+      get { return HasFooStringPiece ? (string) foo_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.FooStringPiece;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_string_piece" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooStringPiece {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooStringPiece; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foo_string_piece" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooStringPiece() {
+      if (HasFooStringPiece) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooBytesFieldNumber = 5;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString FooBytes {
+      get { return HasFooBytes ? (pb::ByteString) foo_ : pb::ByteString.Empty; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.FooBytes;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_bytes" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooBytes {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooBytes; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foo_bytes" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooBytes() {
+      if (HasFooBytes) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooEnumFieldNumber = 6;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedEnum FooEnum {
+      get { return HasFooEnum ? (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedEnum) foo_ : global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedEnum.Foo; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+        fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.FooEnum;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_enum" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooEnum {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooEnum; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foo_enum" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooEnum() {
+      if (HasFooEnum) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooMessageFieldNumber = 7;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedMessage FooMessage {
+      get { return HasFooMessage ? (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedMessage) foo_ : null; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+        fooCase_ = value == null ? FooOneofCase.None : FooOneofCase.FooMessage;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_message" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooMessage {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooMessage; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foo_message" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooMessage() {
+      if (HasFooMessage) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foogroup" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooGroupFieldNumber = 8;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.FooGroup FooGroup {
+      get { return HasFooGroup ? (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.FooGroup) foo_ : null; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+        fooCase_ = value == null ? FooOneofCase.None : FooOneofCase.FooGroup;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foogroup" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooGroup {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooGroup; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foogroup" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooGroup() {
+      if (HasFooGroup) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_lazy_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooLazyMessageFieldNumber = 11;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedMessage FooLazyMessage {
+      get { return HasFooLazyMessage ? (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedMessage) foo_ : null; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+        fooCase_ = value == null ? FooOneofCase.None : FooOneofCase.FooLazyMessage;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_lazy_message" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooLazyMessage {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooLazyMessage; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foo_lazy_message" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooLazyMessage() {
+      if (HasFooLazyMessage) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bar_int" field.</summary>
+    public const int BarIntFieldNumber = 12;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int BarInt {
+      get { return HasBarInt ? (int) bar_ : 5; }
+      set {
+        bar_ = value;
+        barCase_ = BarOneofCase.BarInt;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "bar_int" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasBarInt {
+      get { return barCase_ == BarOneofCase.BarInt; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "bar_int" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearBarInt() {
+      if (HasBarInt) {
+        ClearBar();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bar_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int BarStringFieldNumber = 13;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string BarString {
+      get { return HasBarString ? (string) bar_ : global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("U1RSSU5H"), 0, 6); }
+      set {
+        bar_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        barCase_ = BarOneofCase.BarString;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "bar_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasBarString {
+      get { return barCase_ == BarOneofCase.BarString; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "bar_string" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearBarString() {
+      if (HasBarString) {
+        ClearBar();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bar_cord" field.</summary>
+    public const int BarCordFieldNumber = 14;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string BarCord {
+      get { return HasBarCord ? (string) bar_ : global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("Q09SRA=="), 0, 4); }
+      set {
+        bar_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        barCase_ = BarOneofCase.BarCord;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "bar_cord" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasBarCord {
+      get { return barCase_ == BarOneofCase.BarCord; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "bar_cord" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearBarCord() {
+      if (HasBarCord) {
+        ClearBar();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bar_string_piece" field.</summary>
+    public const int BarStringPieceFieldNumber = 15;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string BarStringPiece {
+      get { return HasBarStringPiece ? (string) bar_ : global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("U1BJRUNF"), 0, 6); }
+      set {
+        bar_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        barCase_ = BarOneofCase.BarStringPiece;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "bar_string_piece" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasBarStringPiece {
+      get { return barCase_ == BarOneofCase.BarStringPiece; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "bar_string_piece" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearBarStringPiece() {
+      if (HasBarStringPiece) {
+        ClearBar();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bar_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int BarBytesFieldNumber = 16;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString BarBytes {
+      get { return HasBarBytes ? (pb::ByteString) bar_ : pb::ByteString.FromBase64("QllURVM="); }
+      set {
+        bar_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        barCase_ = BarOneofCase.BarBytes;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "bar_bytes" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasBarBytes {
+      get { return barCase_ == BarOneofCase.BarBytes; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "bar_bytes" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearBarBytes() {
+      if (HasBarBytes) {
+        ClearBar();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bar_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int BarEnumFieldNumber = 17;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedEnum BarEnum {
+      get { return HasBarEnum ? (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedEnum) bar_ : global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedEnum.Bar; }
+      set {
+        bar_ = value;
+        barCase_ = BarOneofCase.BarEnum;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "bar_enum" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasBarEnum {
+      get { return barCase_ == BarOneofCase.BarEnum; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "bar_enum" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearBarEnum() {
+      if (HasBarEnum) {
+        ClearBar();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "baz_int" field.</summary>
+    public const int BazIntFieldNumber = 18;
+    private readonly static int BazIntDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int bazInt_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int BazInt {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16) != 0) { return bazInt_; } else { return BazIntDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16;
+        bazInt_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "baz_int" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasBazInt {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "baz_int" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearBazInt() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "baz_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int BazStringFieldNumber = 19;
+    private readonly static string BazStringDefaultValue = global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("QkFa"), 0, 3);
+
+    private string bazString_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string BazString {
+      get { return bazString_ ?? BazStringDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        bazString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "baz_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasBazString {
+      get { return bazString_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "baz_string" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearBazString() {
+      bazString_ = null;
+    }
+
+    private object foo_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "foo" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum FooOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      FooInt = 1,
+      FooString = 2,
+      FooCord = 3,
+      FooStringPiece = 4,
+      FooBytes = 5,
+      FooEnum = 6,
+      FooMessage = 7,
+      FooGroup = 8,
+      FooLazyMessage = 11,
+    }
+    private FooOneofCase fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooOneofCase FooCase {
+      get { return fooCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFoo() {
+      fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.None;
+      foo_ = null;
+    }
+
+    private object bar_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "bar" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum BarOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      BarInt = 12,
+      BarString = 13,
+      BarCord = 14,
+      BarStringPiece = 15,
+      BarBytes = 16,
+      BarEnum = 17,
+    }
+    private BarOneofCase barCase_ = BarOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BarOneofCase BarCase {
+      get { return barCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearBar() {
+      barCase_ = BarOneofCase.None;
+      bar_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestOneof2);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestOneof2 other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (FooInt != other.FooInt) return false;
+      if (FooString != other.FooString) return false;
+      if (FooCord != other.FooCord) return false;
+      if (FooStringPiece != other.FooStringPiece) return false;
+      if (FooBytes != other.FooBytes) return false;
+      if (FooEnum != other.FooEnum) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(FooMessage, other.FooMessage)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(FooGroup, other.FooGroup)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(FooLazyMessage, other.FooLazyMessage)) return false;
+      if (BarInt != other.BarInt) return false;
+      if (BarString != other.BarString) return false;
+      if (BarCord != other.BarCord) return false;
+      if (BarStringPiece != other.BarStringPiece) return false;
+      if (BarBytes != other.BarBytes) return false;
+      if (BarEnum != other.BarEnum) return false;
+      if (BazInt != other.BazInt) return false;
+      if (BazString != other.BazString) return false;
+      if (FooCase != other.FooCase) return false;
+      if (BarCase != other.BarCase) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasFooInt) hash ^= FooInt.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooString) hash ^= FooString.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooCord) hash ^= FooCord.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooStringPiece) hash ^= FooStringPiece.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooBytes) hash ^= FooBytes.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooEnum) hash ^= FooEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooMessage) hash ^= FooMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooGroup) hash ^= FooGroup.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooLazyMessage) hash ^= FooLazyMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasBarInt) hash ^= BarInt.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasBarString) hash ^= BarString.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasBarCord) hash ^= BarCord.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasBarStringPiece) hash ^= BarStringPiece.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasBarBytes) hash ^= BarBytes.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasBarEnum) hash ^= BarEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasBazInt) hash ^= BazInt.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasBazString) hash ^= BazString.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) fooCase_;
+      hash ^= (int) barCase_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasFooInt) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(FooInt);
+      }
+      if (HasFooString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(FooString);
+      }
+      if (HasFooCord) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteString(FooCord);
+      }
+      if (HasFooStringPiece) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(34);
+        output.WriteString(FooStringPiece);
+      }
+      if (HasFooBytes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(42);
+        output.WriteBytes(FooBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasFooEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(48);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) FooEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasFooMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(58);
+        output.WriteMessage(FooMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasFooGroup) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(67);
+        output.WriteGroup(FooGroup);
+        output.WriteRawTag(68);
+      }
+      if (HasFooLazyMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(90);
+        output.WriteMessage(FooLazyMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasBarInt) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(96);
+        output.WriteInt32(BarInt);
+      }
+      if (HasBarString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(106);
+        output.WriteString(BarString);
+      }
+      if (HasBarCord) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(114);
+        output.WriteString(BarCord);
+      }
+      if (HasBarStringPiece) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(122);
+        output.WriteString(BarStringPiece);
+      }
+      if (HasBarBytes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(130, 1);
+        output.WriteBytes(BarBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasBarEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 1);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) BarEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasBazInt) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(144, 1);
+        output.WriteInt32(BazInt);
+      }
+      if (HasBazString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(154, 1);
+        output.WriteString(BazString);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasFooInt) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FooInt);
+      }
+      if (HasFooString) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(FooString);
+      }
+      if (HasFooCord) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(FooCord);
+      }
+      if (HasFooStringPiece) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(FooStringPiece);
+      }
+      if (HasFooBytes) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(FooBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasFooEnum) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) FooEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasFooMessage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(FooMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasFooGroup) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize(FooGroup);
+      }
+      if (HasFooLazyMessage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(FooLazyMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasBarInt) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(BarInt);
+      }
+      if (HasBarString) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(BarString);
+      }
+      if (HasBarCord) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(BarCord);
+      }
+      if (HasBarStringPiece) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(BarStringPiece);
+      }
+      if (HasBarBytes) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(BarBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasBarEnum) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) BarEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasBazInt) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(BazInt);
+      }
+      if (HasBazString) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(BazString);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestOneof2 other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasBazInt) {
+        BazInt = other.BazInt;
+      }
+      if (other.HasBazString) {
+        BazString = other.BazString;
+      }
+      switch (other.FooCase) {
+        case FooOneofCase.FooInt:
+          FooInt = other.FooInt;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooString:
+          FooString = other.FooString;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooCord:
+          FooCord = other.FooCord;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooStringPiece:
+          FooStringPiece = other.FooStringPiece;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooBytes:
+          FooBytes = other.FooBytes;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooEnum:
+          FooEnum = other.FooEnum;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooMessage:
+          if (FooMessage == null) {
+            FooMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedMessage();
+          }
+          FooMessage.MergeFrom(other.FooMessage);
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooGroup:
+          if (FooGroup == null) {
+            FooGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.FooGroup();
+          }
+          FooGroup.MergeFrom(other.FooGroup);
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooLazyMessage:
+          if (FooLazyMessage == null) {
+            FooLazyMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedMessage();
+          }
+          FooLazyMessage.MergeFrom(other.FooLazyMessage);
+          break;
+      }
+
+      switch (other.BarCase) {
+        case BarOneofCase.BarInt:
+          BarInt = other.BarInt;
+          break;
+        case BarOneofCase.BarString:
+          BarString = other.BarString;
+          break;
+        case BarOneofCase.BarCord:
+          BarCord = other.BarCord;
+          break;
+        case BarOneofCase.BarStringPiece:
+          BarStringPiece = other.BarStringPiece;
+          break;
+        case BarOneofCase.BarBytes:
+          BarBytes = other.BarBytes;
+          break;
+        case BarOneofCase.BarEnum:
+          BarEnum = other.BarEnum;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            FooInt = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            FooString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            FooCord = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            FooStringPiece = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            FooBytes = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 48: {
+            foo_ = input.ReadEnum();
+            fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.FooEnum;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedMessage subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedMessage();
+            if (HasFooMessage) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(FooMessage);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            FooMessage = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 67: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.FooGroup subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.FooGroup();
+            if (HasFooGroup) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(FooGroup);
+            }
+            input.ReadGroup(subBuilder);
+            FooGroup = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 90: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedMessage subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Types.NestedMessage();
+            if (HasFooLazyMessage) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(FooLazyMessage);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            FooLazyMessage = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 96: {
+            BarInt = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 106: {
+            BarString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 114: {
+            BarCord = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 122: {
+            BarStringPiece = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 130: {
+            BarBytes = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 136: {
+            bar_ = input.ReadEnum();
+            barCase_ = BarOneofCase.BarEnum;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 144: {
+            BazInt = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 154: {
+            BazString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestOneof2 message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public enum NestedEnum {
+        [pbr::OriginalName("FOO")] Foo = 1,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("BAR")] Bar = 2,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("BAZ")] Baz = 3,
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class FooGroup : pb::IMessage<FooGroup> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FooGroup> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FooGroup>(() => new FooGroup());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<FooGroup> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public FooGroup() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public FooGroup(FooGroup other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          a_ = other.a_;
+          b_ = other.b_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public FooGroup Clone() {
+          return new FooGroup(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+        public const int AFieldNumber = 9;
+        private readonly static int ADefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int a_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int A {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return a_; } else { return ADefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            a_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasA {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearA() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "b" field.</summary>
+        public const int BFieldNumber = 10;
+        private readonly static string BDefaultValue = "";
+
+        private string b_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public string B {
+          get { return b_ ?? BDefaultValue; }
+          set {
+            b_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "b" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasB {
+          get { return b_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "b" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearB() {
+          b_ = null;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as FooGroup);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(FooGroup other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (A != other.A) return false;
+          if (B != other.B) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasB) hash ^= B.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasA) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(72);
+            output.WriteInt32(A);
+          }
+          if (HasB) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(82);
+            output.WriteString(B);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasA) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+          }
+          if (HasB) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(B);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(FooGroup other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasA) {
+            A = other.A;
+          }
+          if (other.HasB) {
+            B = other.B;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 68:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 72: {
+                A = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 82: {
+                B = input.ReadString();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class NestedMessage : pb::IMessage<NestedMessage> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage>(() => new NestedMessage());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestOneof2.Descriptor.NestedTypes[1]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage(NestedMessage other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          quxInt_ = other.quxInt_;
+          corgeInt_ = other.corgeInt_.Clone();
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage Clone() {
+          return new NestedMessage(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "qux_int" field.</summary>
+        public const int QuxIntFieldNumber = 1;
+        private readonly static long QuxIntDefaultValue = 0L;
+
+        private long quxInt_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public long QuxInt {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return quxInt_; } else { return QuxIntDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            quxInt_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "qux_int" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasQuxInt {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "qux_int" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearQuxInt() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "corge_int" field.</summary>
+        public const int CorgeIntFieldNumber = 2;
+        private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_corgeInt_codec
+            = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(16);
+        private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> corgeInt_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<int> CorgeInt {
+          get { return corgeInt_; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as NestedMessage);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (QuxInt != other.QuxInt) return false;
+          if(!corgeInt_.Equals(other.corgeInt_)) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasQuxInt) hash ^= QuxInt.GetHashCode();
+          hash ^= corgeInt_.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasQuxInt) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt64(QuxInt);
+          }
+          corgeInt_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_corgeInt_codec);
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasQuxInt) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(QuxInt);
+          }
+          size += corgeInt_.CalculateSize(_repeated_corgeInt_codec);
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasQuxInt) {
+            QuxInt = other.QuxInt;
+          }
+          corgeInt_.Add(other.corgeInt_);
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                QuxInt = input.ReadInt64();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 18:
+              case 16: {
+                corgeInt_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_corgeInt_codec);
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestRequiredOneof : pb::IMessage<TestRequiredOneof> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestRequiredOneof> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestRequiredOneof>(() => new TestRequiredOneof());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestRequiredOneof> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[46]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequiredOneof() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequiredOneof(TestRequiredOneof other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      switch (other.FooCase) {
+        case FooOneofCase.FooInt:
+          FooInt = other.FooInt;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooString:
+          FooString = other.FooString;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooMessage:
+          FooMessage = other.FooMessage.Clone();
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequiredOneof Clone() {
+      return new TestRequiredOneof(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_int" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooIntFieldNumber = 1;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FooInt {
+      get { return HasFooInt ? (int) foo_ : 0; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+        fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.FooInt;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_int" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooInt {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooInt; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foo_int" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooInt() {
+      if (HasFooInt) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooStringFieldNumber = 2;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string FooString {
+      get { return HasFooString ? (string) foo_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.FooString;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooString {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooString; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foo_string" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooString() {
+      if (HasFooString) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooMessageFieldNumber = 3;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredOneof.Types.NestedMessage FooMessage {
+      get { return HasFooMessage ? (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredOneof.Types.NestedMessage) foo_ : null; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+        fooCase_ = value == null ? FooOneofCase.None : FooOneofCase.FooMessage;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "foo_message" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFooMessage {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooMessage; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "foo_message" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFooMessage() {
+      if (HasFooMessage) {
+        ClearFoo();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object foo_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "foo" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum FooOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      FooInt = 1,
+      FooString = 2,
+      FooMessage = 3,
+    }
+    private FooOneofCase fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooOneofCase FooCase {
+      get { return fooCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFoo() {
+      fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.None;
+      foo_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestRequiredOneof);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestRequiredOneof other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (FooInt != other.FooInt) return false;
+      if (FooString != other.FooString) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(FooMessage, other.FooMessage)) return false;
+      if (FooCase != other.FooCase) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasFooInt) hash ^= FooInt.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooString) hash ^= FooString.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFooMessage) hash ^= FooMessage.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) fooCase_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasFooInt) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(FooInt);
+      }
+      if (HasFooString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(FooString);
+      }
+      if (HasFooMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteMessage(FooMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasFooInt) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FooInt);
+      }
+      if (HasFooString) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(FooString);
+      }
+      if (HasFooMessage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(FooMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestRequiredOneof other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      switch (other.FooCase) {
+        case FooOneofCase.FooInt:
+          FooInt = other.FooInt;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooString:
+          FooString = other.FooString;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooMessage:
+          if (FooMessage == null) {
+            FooMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredOneof.Types.NestedMessage();
+          }
+          FooMessage.MergeFrom(other.FooMessage);
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            FooInt = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            FooString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredOneof.Types.NestedMessage subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredOneof.Types.NestedMessage();
+            if (HasFooMessage) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(FooMessage);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            FooMessage = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestRequiredOneof message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class NestedMessage : pb::IMessage<NestedMessage> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage>(() => new NestedMessage());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredOneof.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage(NestedMessage other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          requiredDouble_ = other.requiredDouble_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage Clone() {
+          return new NestedMessage(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "required_double" field.</summary>
+        public const int RequiredDoubleFieldNumber = 1;
+        private readonly static double RequiredDoubleDefaultValue = 0D;
+
+        private double requiredDouble_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public double RequiredDouble {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return requiredDouble_; } else { return RequiredDoubleDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            requiredDouble_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "required_double" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasRequiredDouble {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "required_double" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearRequiredDouble() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as NestedMessage);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(RequiredDouble, other.RequiredDouble)) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasRequiredDouble) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(RequiredDouble);
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasRequiredDouble) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(9);
+            output.WriteDouble(RequiredDouble);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasRequiredDouble) {
+            size += 1 + 8;
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasRequiredDouble) {
+            RequiredDouble = other.RequiredDouble;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 9: {
+                RequiredDouble = input.ReadDouble();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestRequiredMap : pb::IMessage<TestRequiredMap> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestRequiredMap> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestRequiredMap>(() => new TestRequiredMap());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestRequiredMap> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[47]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequiredMap() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequiredMap(TestRequiredMap other) : this() {
+      foo_ = other.foo_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRequiredMap Clone() {
+      return new TestRequiredMap(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredMap.Types.NestedMessage>.Codec _map_foo_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredMap.Types.NestedMessage>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredMap.Types.NestedMessage.Parser), 10);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredMap.Types.NestedMessage> foo_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredMap.Types.NestedMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredMap.Types.NestedMessage> Foo {
+      get { return foo_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestRequiredMap);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestRequiredMap other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!Foo.Equals(other.Foo)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= Foo.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      foo_.WriteTo(output, _map_foo_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += foo_.CalculateSize(_map_foo_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestRequiredMap other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      foo_.Add(other.foo_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            foo_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_foo_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestRequiredMap message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class NestedMessage : pb::IMessage<NestedMessage> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage>(() => new NestedMessage());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestRequiredMap.Descriptor.NestedTypes[1]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage(NestedMessage other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          requiredInt32_ = other.requiredInt32_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage Clone() {
+          return new NestedMessage(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "required_int32" field.</summary>
+        public const int RequiredInt32FieldNumber = 1;
+        private readonly static int RequiredInt32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int requiredInt32_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int RequiredInt32 {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return requiredInt32_; } else { return RequiredInt32DefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            requiredInt32_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "required_int32" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasRequiredInt32 {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "required_int32" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearRequiredInt32() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as NestedMessage);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (RequiredInt32 != other.RequiredInt32) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasRequiredInt32) hash ^= RequiredInt32.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasRequiredInt32) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(RequiredInt32);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasRequiredInt32) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(RequiredInt32);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasRequiredInt32) {
+            RequiredInt32 = other.RequiredInt32;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                RequiredInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestPackedTypes : pb::IMessage<TestPackedTypes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestPackedTypes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestPackedTypes>(() => new TestPackedTypes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestPackedTypes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[48]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestPackedTypes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestPackedTypes(TestPackedTypes other) : this() {
+      packedInt32_ = other.packedInt32_.Clone();
+      packedInt64_ = other.packedInt64_.Clone();
+      packedUint32_ = other.packedUint32_.Clone();
+      packedUint64_ = other.packedUint64_.Clone();
+      packedSint32_ = other.packedSint32_.Clone();
+      packedSint64_ = other.packedSint64_.Clone();
+      packedFixed32_ = other.packedFixed32_.Clone();
+      packedFixed64_ = other.packedFixed64_.Clone();
+      packedSfixed32_ = other.packedSfixed32_.Clone();
+      packedSfixed64_ = other.packedSfixed64_.Clone();
+      packedFloat_ = other.packedFloat_.Clone();
+      packedDouble_ = other.packedDouble_.Clone();
+      packedBool_ = other.packedBool_.Clone();
+      packedEnum_ = other.packedEnum_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestPackedTypes Clone() {
+      return new TestPackedTypes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedInt32FieldNumber = 90;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_packedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(722);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> packedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PackedInt32 {
+      get { return packedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedInt64FieldNumber = 91;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_packedInt64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(730);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> packedInt64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> PackedInt64 {
+      get { return packedInt64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedUint32FieldNumber = 92;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_packedUint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(738);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> packedUint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> PackedUint32 {
+      get { return packedUint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedUint64FieldNumber = 93;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_packedUint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(746);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> packedUint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> PackedUint64 {
+      get { return packedUint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSint32FieldNumber = 94;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_packedSint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(754);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> packedSint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PackedSint32 {
+      get { return packedSint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSint64FieldNumber = 95;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_packedSint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(762);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> packedSint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> PackedSint64 {
+      get { return packedSint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedFixed32FieldNumber = 96;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_packedFixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(770);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> packedFixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> PackedFixed32 {
+      get { return packedFixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedFixed64FieldNumber = 97;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_packedFixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(778);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> packedFixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> PackedFixed64 {
+      get { return packedFixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSfixed32FieldNumber = 98;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_packedSfixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(786);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> packedSfixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PackedSfixed32 {
+      get { return packedSfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSfixed64FieldNumber = 99;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_packedSfixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(794);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> packedSfixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> PackedSfixed64 {
+      get { return packedSfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedFloatFieldNumber = 100;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float> _repeated_packedFloat_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(802);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float> packedFloat_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float> PackedFloat {
+      get { return packedFloat_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedDoubleFieldNumber = 101;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double> _repeated_packedDouble_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(810);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<double> packedDouble_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<double> PackedDouble {
+      get { return packedDouble_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedBoolFieldNumber = 102;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool> _repeated_packedBool_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(818);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<bool> packedBool_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<bool> PackedBool {
+      get { return packedBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedEnumFieldNumber = 103;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> _repeated_packedEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(826, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> packedEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> PackedEnum {
+      get { return packedEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestPackedTypes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestPackedTypes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!packedInt32_.Equals(other.packedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedInt64_.Equals(other.packedInt64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedUint32_.Equals(other.packedUint32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedUint64_.Equals(other.packedUint64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSint32_.Equals(other.packedSint32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSint64_.Equals(other.packedSint64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedFixed32_.Equals(other.packedFixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedFixed64_.Equals(other.packedFixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSfixed32_.Equals(other.packedSfixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSfixed64_.Equals(other.packedSfixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedFloat_.Equals(other.packedFloat_)) return false;
+      if(!packedDouble_.Equals(other.packedDouble_)) return false;
+      if(!packedBool_.Equals(other.packedBool_)) return false;
+      if(!packedEnum_.Equals(other.packedEnum_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= packedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedInt64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedUint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedUint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedFixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedFixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSfixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSfixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedFloat_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedDouble_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedBool_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      packedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+      packedInt64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedInt64_codec);
+      packedUint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedUint32_codec);
+      packedUint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedUint64_codec);
+      packedSint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSint32_codec);
+      packedSint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSint64_codec);
+      packedFixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedFixed32_codec);
+      packedFixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedFixed64_codec);
+      packedSfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSfixed32_codec);
+      packedSfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSfixed64_codec);
+      packedFloat_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedFloat_codec);
+      packedDouble_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedDouble_codec);
+      packedBool_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedBool_codec);
+      packedEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedEnum_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += packedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+      size += packedInt64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedInt64_codec);
+      size += packedUint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedUint32_codec);
+      size += packedUint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedUint64_codec);
+      size += packedSint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSint32_codec);
+      size += packedSint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSint64_codec);
+      size += packedFixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedFixed32_codec);
+      size += packedFixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedFixed64_codec);
+      size += packedSfixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSfixed32_codec);
+      size += packedSfixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSfixed64_codec);
+      size += packedFloat_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedFloat_codec);
+      size += packedDouble_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedDouble_codec);
+      size += packedBool_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedBool_codec);
+      size += packedEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedEnum_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestPackedTypes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      packedInt32_.Add(other.packedInt32_);
+      packedInt64_.Add(other.packedInt64_);
+      packedUint32_.Add(other.packedUint32_);
+      packedUint64_.Add(other.packedUint64_);
+      packedSint32_.Add(other.packedSint32_);
+      packedSint64_.Add(other.packedSint64_);
+      packedFixed32_.Add(other.packedFixed32_);
+      packedFixed64_.Add(other.packedFixed64_);
+      packedSfixed32_.Add(other.packedSfixed32_);
+      packedSfixed64_.Add(other.packedSfixed64_);
+      packedFloat_.Add(other.packedFloat_);
+      packedDouble_.Add(other.packedDouble_);
+      packedBool_.Add(other.packedBool_);
+      packedEnum_.Add(other.packedEnum_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 722:
+          case 720: {
+            packedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 730:
+          case 728: {
+            packedInt64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedInt64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 738:
+          case 736: {
+            packedUint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedUint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 746:
+          case 744: {
+            packedUint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedUint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 754:
+          case 752: {
+            packedSint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 762:
+          case 760: {
+            packedSint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 770:
+          case 773: {
+            packedFixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedFixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 778:
+          case 777: {
+            packedFixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedFixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 786:
+          case 789: {
+            packedSfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 794:
+          case 793: {
+            packedSfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 802:
+          case 805: {
+            packedFloat_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedFloat_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 810:
+          case 809: {
+            packedDouble_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedDouble_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 818:
+          case 816: {
+            packedBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 826:
+          case 824: {
+            packedEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// A message with the same fields as TestPackedTypes, but without packing. Used
+  /// to test packed &lt;-> unpacked wire compatibility.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestUnpackedTypes : pb::IMessage<TestUnpackedTypes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestUnpackedTypes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestUnpackedTypes>(() => new TestUnpackedTypes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestUnpackedTypes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[49]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestUnpackedTypes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestUnpackedTypes(TestUnpackedTypes other) : this() {
+      unpackedInt32_ = other.unpackedInt32_.Clone();
+      unpackedInt64_ = other.unpackedInt64_.Clone();
+      unpackedUint32_ = other.unpackedUint32_.Clone();
+      unpackedUint64_ = other.unpackedUint64_.Clone();
+      unpackedSint32_ = other.unpackedSint32_.Clone();
+      unpackedSint64_ = other.unpackedSint64_.Clone();
+      unpackedFixed32_ = other.unpackedFixed32_.Clone();
+      unpackedFixed64_ = other.unpackedFixed64_.Clone();
+      unpackedSfixed32_ = other.unpackedSfixed32_.Clone();
+      unpackedSfixed64_ = other.unpackedSfixed64_.Clone();
+      unpackedFloat_ = other.unpackedFloat_.Clone();
+      unpackedDouble_ = other.unpackedDouble_.Clone();
+      unpackedBool_ = other.unpackedBool_.Clone();
+      unpackedEnum_ = other.unpackedEnum_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestUnpackedTypes Clone() {
+      return new TestUnpackedTypes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedInt32FieldNumber = 90;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_unpackedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(720);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> unpackedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> UnpackedInt32 {
+      get { return unpackedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedInt64FieldNumber = 91;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_unpackedInt64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(728);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> unpackedInt64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> UnpackedInt64 {
+      get { return unpackedInt64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedUint32FieldNumber = 92;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_unpackedUint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(736);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> unpackedUint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> UnpackedUint32 {
+      get { return unpackedUint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedUint64FieldNumber = 93;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_unpackedUint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(744);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> unpackedUint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> UnpackedUint64 {
+      get { return unpackedUint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSint32FieldNumber = 94;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_unpackedSint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(752);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> unpackedSint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> UnpackedSint32 {
+      get { return unpackedSint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSint64FieldNumber = 95;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_unpackedSint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(760);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> unpackedSint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> UnpackedSint64 {
+      get { return unpackedSint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedFixed32FieldNumber = 96;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(773);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> unpackedFixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> UnpackedFixed32 {
+      get { return unpackedFixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedFixed64FieldNumber = 97;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(777);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> unpackedFixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> UnpackedFixed64 {
+      get { return unpackedFixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSfixed32FieldNumber = 98;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(789);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> unpackedSfixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> UnpackedSfixed32 {
+      get { return unpackedSfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSfixed64FieldNumber = 99;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(793);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> unpackedSfixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> UnpackedSfixed64 {
+      get { return unpackedSfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedFloatFieldNumber = 100;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float> _repeated_unpackedFloat_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(805);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float> unpackedFloat_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float> UnpackedFloat {
+      get { return unpackedFloat_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedDoubleFieldNumber = 101;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double> _repeated_unpackedDouble_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(809);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<double> unpackedDouble_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<double> UnpackedDouble {
+      get { return unpackedDouble_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedBoolFieldNumber = 102;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool> _repeated_unpackedBool_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(816);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<bool> unpackedBool_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<bool> UnpackedBool {
+      get { return unpackedBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedEnumFieldNumber = 103;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> _repeated_unpackedEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(824, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> unpackedEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum> UnpackedEnum {
+      get { return unpackedEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestUnpackedTypes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestUnpackedTypes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!unpackedInt32_.Equals(other.unpackedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedInt64_.Equals(other.unpackedInt64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedUint32_.Equals(other.unpackedUint32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedUint64_.Equals(other.unpackedUint64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSint32_.Equals(other.unpackedSint32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSint64_.Equals(other.unpackedSint64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedFixed32_.Equals(other.unpackedFixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedFixed64_.Equals(other.unpackedFixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSfixed32_.Equals(other.unpackedSfixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSfixed64_.Equals(other.unpackedSfixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedFloat_.Equals(other.unpackedFloat_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedDouble_.Equals(other.unpackedDouble_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedBool_.Equals(other.unpackedBool_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedEnum_.Equals(other.unpackedEnum_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= unpackedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedInt64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedUint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedUint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedFixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedFixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSfixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSfixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedFloat_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedDouble_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedBool_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      unpackedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedInt32_codec);
+      unpackedInt64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedInt64_codec);
+      unpackedUint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedUint32_codec);
+      unpackedUint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedUint64_codec);
+      unpackedSint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSint32_codec);
+      unpackedSint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSint64_codec);
+      unpackedFixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec);
+      unpackedFixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec);
+      unpackedSfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec);
+      unpackedSfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec);
+      unpackedFloat_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedFloat_codec);
+      unpackedDouble_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedDouble_codec);
+      unpackedBool_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedBool_codec);
+      unpackedEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedEnum_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += unpackedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedInt32_codec);
+      size += unpackedInt64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedInt64_codec);
+      size += unpackedUint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedUint32_codec);
+      size += unpackedUint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedUint64_codec);
+      size += unpackedSint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSint32_codec);
+      size += unpackedSint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSint64_codec);
+      size += unpackedFixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec);
+      size += unpackedFixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec);
+      size += unpackedSfixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec);
+      size += unpackedSfixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec);
+      size += unpackedFloat_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedFloat_codec);
+      size += unpackedDouble_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedDouble_codec);
+      size += unpackedBool_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedBool_codec);
+      size += unpackedEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedEnum_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestUnpackedTypes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      unpackedInt32_.Add(other.unpackedInt32_);
+      unpackedInt64_.Add(other.unpackedInt64_);
+      unpackedUint32_.Add(other.unpackedUint32_);
+      unpackedUint64_.Add(other.unpackedUint64_);
+      unpackedSint32_.Add(other.unpackedSint32_);
+      unpackedSint64_.Add(other.unpackedSint64_);
+      unpackedFixed32_.Add(other.unpackedFixed32_);
+      unpackedFixed64_.Add(other.unpackedFixed64_);
+      unpackedSfixed32_.Add(other.unpackedSfixed32_);
+      unpackedSfixed64_.Add(other.unpackedSfixed64_);
+      unpackedFloat_.Add(other.unpackedFloat_);
+      unpackedDouble_.Add(other.unpackedDouble_);
+      unpackedBool_.Add(other.unpackedBool_);
+      unpackedEnum_.Add(other.unpackedEnum_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 722:
+          case 720: {
+            unpackedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 730:
+          case 728: {
+            unpackedInt64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedInt64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 738:
+          case 736: {
+            unpackedUint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedUint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 746:
+          case 744: {
+            unpackedUint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedUint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 754:
+          case 752: {
+            unpackedSint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 762:
+          case 760: {
+            unpackedSint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 770:
+          case 773: {
+            unpackedFixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 778:
+          case 777: {
+            unpackedFixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 786:
+          case 789: {
+            unpackedSfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 794:
+          case 793: {
+            unpackedSfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 802:
+          case 805: {
+            unpackedFloat_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedFloat_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 810:
+          case 809: {
+            unpackedDouble_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedDouble_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 818:
+          case 816: {
+            unpackedBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 826:
+          case 824: {
+            unpackedEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestPackedExtensions : pb::IExtendableMessage<TestPackedExtensions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestPackedExtensions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestPackedExtensions>(() => new TestPackedExtensions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestPackedExtensions> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestPackedExtensions> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestPackedExtensions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[50]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestPackedExtensions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestPackedExtensions(TestPackedExtensions other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestPackedExtensions Clone() {
+      return new TestPackedExtensions(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestPackedExtensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestPackedExtensions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestPackedExtensions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestPackedExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestPackedExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestPackedExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestPackedExtensions, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestPackedExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestPackedExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestPackedExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestUnpackedExtensions : pb::IExtendableMessage<TestUnpackedExtensions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestUnpackedExtensions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestUnpackedExtensions>(() => new TestUnpackedExtensions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestUnpackedExtensions> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestUnpackedExtensions> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestUnpackedExtensions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[51]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestUnpackedExtensions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestUnpackedExtensions(TestUnpackedExtensions other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestUnpackedExtensions Clone() {
+      return new TestUnpackedExtensions(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestUnpackedExtensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestUnpackedExtensions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestUnpackedExtensions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestUnpackedExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestUnpackedExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestUnpackedExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestUnpackedExtensions, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestUnpackedExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestUnpackedExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestUnpackedExtensions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Used by ExtensionSetTest/DynamicExtensions.  The test actually builds
+  /// a set of extensions to TestAllExtensions dynamically, based on the fields
+  /// of this message type.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestDynamicExtensions : pb::IMessage<TestDynamicExtensions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestDynamicExtensions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestDynamicExtensions>(() => new TestDynamicExtensions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestDynamicExtensions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[52]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDynamicExtensions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDynamicExtensions(TestDynamicExtensions other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      scalarExtension_ = other.scalarExtension_;
+      enumExtension_ = other.enumExtension_;
+      dynamicEnumExtension_ = other.dynamicEnumExtension_;
+      messageExtension_ = other.HasMessageExtension ? other.messageExtension_.Clone() : null;
+      dynamicMessageExtension_ = other.HasDynamicMessageExtension ? other.dynamicMessageExtension_.Clone() : null;
+      repeatedExtension_ = other.repeatedExtension_.Clone();
+      packedExtension_ = other.packedExtension_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDynamicExtensions Clone() {
+      return new TestDynamicExtensions(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "scalar_extension" field.</summary>
+    public const int ScalarExtensionFieldNumber = 2000;
+    private readonly static uint ScalarExtensionDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private uint scalarExtension_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint ScalarExtension {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return scalarExtension_; } else { return ScalarExtensionDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        scalarExtension_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "scalar_extension" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasScalarExtension {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "scalar_extension" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearScalarExtension() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "enum_extension" field.</summary>
+    public const int EnumExtensionFieldNumber = 2001;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum EnumExtensionDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum enumExtension_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum EnumExtension {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return enumExtension_; } else { return EnumExtensionDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        enumExtension_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "enum_extension" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasEnumExtension {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "enum_extension" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearEnumExtension() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dynamic_enum_extension" field.</summary>
+    public const int DynamicEnumExtensionFieldNumber = 2002;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions.Types.DynamicEnumType DynamicEnumExtensionDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions.Types.DynamicEnumType.DynamicFoo;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions.Types.DynamicEnumType dynamicEnumExtension_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions.Types.DynamicEnumType DynamicEnumExtension {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4) != 0) { return dynamicEnumExtension_; } else { return DynamicEnumExtensionDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4;
+        dynamicEnumExtension_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "dynamic_enum_extension" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDynamicEnumExtension {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dynamic_enum_extension" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDynamicEnumExtension() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "message_extension" field.</summary>
+    public const int MessageExtensionFieldNumber = 2003;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage messageExtension_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage MessageExtension {
+      get { return messageExtension_; }
+      set {
+        messageExtension_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the message_extension field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasMessageExtension {
+      get { return messageExtension_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the message_extension field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearMessageExtension() {
+      messageExtension_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dynamic_message_extension" field.</summary>
+    public const int DynamicMessageExtensionFieldNumber = 2004;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions.Types.DynamicMessageType dynamicMessageExtension_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions.Types.DynamicMessageType DynamicMessageExtension {
+      get { return dynamicMessageExtension_; }
+      set {
+        dynamicMessageExtension_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the dynamic_message_extension field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDynamicMessageExtension {
+      get { return dynamicMessageExtension_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the dynamic_message_extension field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDynamicMessageExtension() {
+      dynamicMessageExtension_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_extension" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedExtensionFieldNumber = 2005;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedExtension_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(16042);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedExtension_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedExtension {
+      get { return repeatedExtension_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_extension" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedExtensionFieldNumber = 2006;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_packedExtension_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(16050);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> packedExtension_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PackedExtension {
+      get { return packedExtension_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestDynamicExtensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestDynamicExtensions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (ScalarExtension != other.ScalarExtension) return false;
+      if (EnumExtension != other.EnumExtension) return false;
+      if (DynamicEnumExtension != other.DynamicEnumExtension) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(MessageExtension, other.MessageExtension)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(DynamicMessageExtension, other.DynamicMessageExtension)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedExtension_.Equals(other.repeatedExtension_)) return false;
+      if(!packedExtension_.Equals(other.packedExtension_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasScalarExtension) hash ^= ScalarExtension.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasEnumExtension) hash ^= EnumExtension.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDynamicEnumExtension) hash ^= DynamicEnumExtension.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasMessageExtension) hash ^= MessageExtension.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDynamicMessageExtension) hash ^= DynamicMessageExtension.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedExtension_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedExtension_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasScalarExtension) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(133, 125);
+        output.WriteFixed32(ScalarExtension);
+      }
+      if (HasEnumExtension) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 125);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) EnumExtension);
+      }
+      if (HasDynamicEnumExtension) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(144, 125);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) DynamicEnumExtension);
+      }
+      if (HasMessageExtension) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(154, 125);
+        output.WriteMessage(MessageExtension);
+      }
+      if (HasDynamicMessageExtension) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(162, 125);
+        output.WriteMessage(DynamicMessageExtension);
+      }
+      repeatedExtension_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedExtension_codec);
+      packedExtension_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedExtension_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasScalarExtension) {
+        size += 2 + 4;
+      }
+      if (HasEnumExtension) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) EnumExtension);
+      }
+      if (HasDynamicEnumExtension) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) DynamicEnumExtension);
+      }
+      if (HasMessageExtension) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(MessageExtension);
+      }
+      if (HasDynamicMessageExtension) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(DynamicMessageExtension);
+      }
+      size += repeatedExtension_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedExtension_codec);
+      size += packedExtension_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedExtension_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestDynamicExtensions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasScalarExtension) {
+        ScalarExtension = other.ScalarExtension;
+      }
+      if (other.HasEnumExtension) {
+        EnumExtension = other.EnumExtension;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDynamicEnumExtension) {
+        DynamicEnumExtension = other.DynamicEnumExtension;
+      }
+      if (other.HasMessageExtension) {
+        if (!HasMessageExtension) {
+          MessageExtension = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage();
+        }
+        MessageExtension.MergeFrom(other.MessageExtension);
+      }
+      if (other.HasDynamicMessageExtension) {
+        if (!HasDynamicMessageExtension) {
+          DynamicMessageExtension = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions.Types.DynamicMessageType();
+        }
+        DynamicMessageExtension.MergeFrom(other.DynamicMessageExtension);
+      }
+      repeatedExtension_.Add(other.repeatedExtension_);
+      packedExtension_.Add(other.packedExtension_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 16005: {
+            ScalarExtension = input.ReadFixed32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16008: {
+            EnumExtension = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16016: {
+            DynamicEnumExtension = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions.Types.DynamicEnumType) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16026: {
+            if (!HasMessageExtension) {
+              MessageExtension = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(MessageExtension);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16034: {
+            if (!HasDynamicMessageExtension) {
+              DynamicMessageExtension = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions.Types.DynamicMessageType();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(DynamicMessageExtension);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16042: {
+            repeatedExtension_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedExtension_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16050:
+          case 16048: {
+            packedExtension_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedExtension_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestDynamicExtensions message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public enum DynamicEnumType {
+        [pbr::OriginalName("DYNAMIC_FOO")] DynamicFoo = 2200,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("DYNAMIC_BAR")] DynamicBar = 2201,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("DYNAMIC_BAZ")] DynamicBaz = 2202,
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class DynamicMessageType : pb::IMessage<DynamicMessageType> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<DynamicMessageType> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<DynamicMessageType>(() => new DynamicMessageType());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<DynamicMessageType> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestDynamicExtensions.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public DynamicMessageType() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public DynamicMessageType(DynamicMessageType other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          dynamicField_ = other.dynamicField_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public DynamicMessageType Clone() {
+          return new DynamicMessageType(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "dynamic_field" field.</summary>
+        public const int DynamicFieldFieldNumber = 2100;
+        private readonly static int DynamicFieldDefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int dynamicField_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int DynamicField {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return dynamicField_; } else { return DynamicFieldDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            dynamicField_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "dynamic_field" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasDynamicField {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "dynamic_field" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearDynamicField() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as DynamicMessageType);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(DynamicMessageType other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (DynamicField != other.DynamicField) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasDynamicField) hash ^= DynamicField.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasDynamicField) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(160, 131, 1);
+            output.WriteInt32(DynamicField);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasDynamicField) {
+            size += 3 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(DynamicField);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(DynamicMessageType other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasDynamicField) {
+            DynamicField = other.DynamicField;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 16800: {
+                DynamicField = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes : pb::IMessage<TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes>(() => new TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[53]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes(TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes other) : this() {
+      repeatedFixed32_ = other.repeatedFixed32_.Clone();
+      repeatedInt32_ = other.repeatedInt32_.Clone();
+      repeatedFixed64_ = other.repeatedFixed64_.Clone();
+      repeatedInt64_ = other.repeatedInt64_.Clone();
+      repeatedFloat_ = other.repeatedFloat_.Clone();
+      repeatedUint64_ = other.repeatedUint64_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes Clone() {
+      return new TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFixed32FieldNumber = 12;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(101);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> repeatedFixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Parsing repeated fixed size values used to fail. This message needs to be
+    /// used in order to get a tag of the right size; all of the repeated fields
+    /// in TestAllTypes didn't trigger the check.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> RepeatedFixed32 {
+      get { return repeatedFixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt32FieldNumber = 13;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(104);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Check for a varint type, just for good measure.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedInt32 {
+      get { return repeatedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFixed64FieldNumber = 2046;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(16369);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> repeatedFixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// These have two-byte tags.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> RepeatedFixed64 {
+      get { return repeatedFixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt64FieldNumber = 2047;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(16376);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> repeatedInt64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> RepeatedInt64 {
+      get { return repeatedInt64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFloatFieldNumber = 262142;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float> _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(2097141);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float> repeatedFloat_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Three byte tags.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float> RepeatedFloat {
+      get { return repeatedFloat_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedUint64FieldNumber = 262143;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(2097144);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> repeatedUint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> RepeatedUint64 {
+      get { return repeatedUint64_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!repeatedFixed32_.Equals(other.repeatedFixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt32_.Equals(other.repeatedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFixed64_.Equals(other.repeatedFixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt64_.Equals(other.repeatedInt64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFloat_.Equals(other.repeatedFloat_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedUint64_.Equals(other.repeatedUint64_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= repeatedFixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFloat_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedUint64_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      repeatedFixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+      repeatedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      repeatedFixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+      repeatedInt64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+      repeatedFloat_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+      repeatedUint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += repeatedFixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+      size += repeatedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      size += repeatedFixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+      size += repeatedInt64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+      size += repeatedFloat_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+      size += repeatedUint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      repeatedFixed32_.Add(other.repeatedFixed32_);
+      repeatedInt32_.Add(other.repeatedInt32_);
+      repeatedFixed64_.Add(other.repeatedFixed64_);
+      repeatedInt64_.Add(other.repeatedInt64_);
+      repeatedFloat_.Add(other.repeatedFloat_);
+      repeatedUint64_.Add(other.repeatedUint64_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 98:
+          case 101: {
+            repeatedFixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 106:
+          case 104: {
+            repeatedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16370:
+          case 16369: {
+            repeatedFixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16378:
+          case 16376: {
+            repeatedInt64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2097138:
+          case 2097141: {
+            repeatedFloat_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2097146:
+          case 2097144: {
+            repeatedUint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test that if an optional or required message/group field appears multiple
+  /// times in the input, they need to be merged.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestParsingMerge : pb::IExtendableMessage<TestParsingMerge> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestParsingMerge> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestParsingMerge>(() => new TestParsingMerge());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestParsingMerge> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestParsingMerge> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestParsingMerge> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[54]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestParsingMerge() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestParsingMerge(TestParsingMerge other) : this() {
+      requiredAllTypes_ = other.HasRequiredAllTypes ? other.requiredAllTypes_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalAllTypes_ = other.HasOptionalAllTypes ? other.optionalAllTypes_.Clone() : null;
+      repeatedAllTypes_ = other.repeatedAllTypes_.Clone();
+      optionalGroup_ = other.HasOptionalGroup ? other.optionalGroup_.Clone() : null;
+      repeatedGroup_ = other.repeatedGroup_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestParsingMerge Clone() {
+      return new TestParsingMerge(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "required_all_types" field.</summary>
+    public const int RequiredAllTypesFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes requiredAllTypes_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes RequiredAllTypes {
+      get { return requiredAllTypes_; }
+      set {
+        requiredAllTypes_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the required_all_types field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasRequiredAllTypes {
+      get { return requiredAllTypes_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the required_all_types field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearRequiredAllTypes() {
+      requiredAllTypes_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_all_types" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalAllTypesFieldNumber = 2;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes optionalAllTypes_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes OptionalAllTypes {
+      get { return optionalAllTypes_; }
+      set {
+        optionalAllTypes_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optional_all_types field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalAllTypes {
+      get { return optionalAllTypes_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optional_all_types field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalAllTypes() {
+      optionalAllTypes_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_all_types" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedAllTypesFieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> _repeated_repeatedAllTypes_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(26, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> repeatedAllTypes_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> RepeatedAllTypes {
+      get { return repeatedAllTypes_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optionalgroup" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalGroupFieldNumber = 10;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.OptionalGroup optionalGroup_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.OptionalGroup OptionalGroup {
+      get { return optionalGroup_; }
+      set {
+        optionalGroup_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optionalgroup field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalGroup {
+      get { return optionalGroup_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optionalgroup field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalGroup() {
+      optionalGroup_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeatedgroup" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedGroupFieldNumber = 20;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedGroup> _repeated_repeatedGroup_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForGroup(163, 164, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedGroup.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedGroup> repeatedGroup_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedGroup>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedGroup> RepeatedGroup {
+      get { return repeatedGroup_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestParsingMerge);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestParsingMerge other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(RequiredAllTypes, other.RequiredAllTypes)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalAllTypes, other.OptionalAllTypes)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedAllTypes_.Equals(other.repeatedAllTypes_)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalGroup, other.OptionalGroup)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedGroup_.Equals(other.repeatedGroup_)) return false;
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasRequiredAllTypes) hash ^= RequiredAllTypes.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalAllTypes) hash ^= OptionalAllTypes.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedAllTypes_.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) hash ^= OptionalGroup.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedGroup_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasRequiredAllTypes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(RequiredAllTypes);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalAllTypes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalAllTypes);
+      }
+      repeatedAllTypes_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedAllTypes_codec);
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(83);
+        output.WriteGroup(OptionalGroup);
+        output.WriteRawTag(84);
+      }
+      repeatedGroup_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedGroup_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasRequiredAllTypes) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(RequiredAllTypes);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalAllTypes) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalAllTypes);
+      }
+      size += repeatedAllTypes_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedAllTypes_codec);
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize(OptionalGroup);
+      }
+      size += repeatedGroup_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedGroup_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestParsingMerge other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasRequiredAllTypes) {
+        if (!HasRequiredAllTypes) {
+          RequiredAllTypes = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+        }
+        RequiredAllTypes.MergeFrom(other.RequiredAllTypes);
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalAllTypes) {
+        if (!HasOptionalAllTypes) {
+          OptionalAllTypes = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+        }
+        OptionalAllTypes.MergeFrom(other.OptionalAllTypes);
+      }
+      repeatedAllTypes_.Add(other.repeatedAllTypes_);
+      if (other.HasOptionalGroup) {
+        if (!HasOptionalGroup) {
+          OptionalGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.OptionalGroup();
+        }
+        OptionalGroup.MergeFrom(other.OptionalGroup);
+      }
+      repeatedGroup_.Add(other.repeatedGroup_);
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (!HasRequiredAllTypes) {
+              RequiredAllTypes = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(RequiredAllTypes);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            if (!HasOptionalAllTypes) {
+              OptionalAllTypes = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalAllTypes);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            repeatedAllTypes_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedAllTypes_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 83: {
+            if (!HasOptionalGroup) {
+              OptionalGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.OptionalGroup();
+            }
+            input.ReadGroup(OptionalGroup);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 163: {
+            repeatedGroup_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedGroup_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestParsingMerge, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestParsingMerge, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestParsingMerge, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestParsingMerge, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestParsingMerge, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestParsingMerge, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestParsingMerge, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestParsingMerge message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      /// <summary>
+      /// RepeatedFieldsGenerator defines matching field types as TestParsingMerge,
+      /// except that all fields are repeated. In the tests, we will serialize the
+      /// RepeatedFieldsGenerator to bytes, and parse the bytes to TestParsingMerge.
+      /// Repeated fields in RepeatedFieldsGenerator are expected to be merged into
+      /// the corresponding required/optional fields in TestParsingMerge.
+      /// </summary>
+      public sealed partial class RepeatedFieldsGenerator : pb::IMessage<RepeatedFieldsGenerator> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<RepeatedFieldsGenerator> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<RepeatedFieldsGenerator>(() => new RepeatedFieldsGenerator());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<RepeatedFieldsGenerator> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public RepeatedFieldsGenerator() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public RepeatedFieldsGenerator(RepeatedFieldsGenerator other) : this() {
+          field1_ = other.field1_.Clone();
+          field2_ = other.field2_.Clone();
+          field3_ = other.field3_.Clone();
+          group1_ = other.group1_.Clone();
+          group2_ = other.group2_.Clone();
+          ext1_ = other.ext1_.Clone();
+          ext2_ = other.ext2_.Clone();
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public RepeatedFieldsGenerator Clone() {
+          return new RepeatedFieldsGenerator(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "field1" field.</summary>
+        public const int Field1FieldNumber = 1;
+        private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> _repeated_field1_codec
+            = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(10, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Parser);
+        private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> field1_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes>();
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> Field1 {
+          get { return field1_; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "field2" field.</summary>
+        public const int Field2FieldNumber = 2;
+        private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> _repeated_field2_codec
+            = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Parser);
+        private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> field2_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes>();
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> Field2 {
+          get { return field2_; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "field3" field.</summary>
+        public const int Field3FieldNumber = 3;
+        private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> _repeated_field3_codec
+            = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(26, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Parser);
+        private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> field3_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes>();
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> Field3 {
+          get { return field3_; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "group1" field.</summary>
+        public const int Group1FieldNumber = 10;
+        private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Types.Group1> _repeated_group1_codec
+            = pb::FieldCodec.ForGroup(83, 84, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Types.Group1.Parser);
+        private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Types.Group1> group1_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Types.Group1>();
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Types.Group1> Group1 {
+          get { return group1_; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "group2" field.</summary>
+        public const int Group2FieldNumber = 20;
+        private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Types.Group2> _repeated_group2_codec
+            = pb::FieldCodec.ForGroup(163, 164, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Types.Group2.Parser);
+        private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Types.Group2> group2_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Types.Group2>();
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Types.Group2> Group2 {
+          get { return group2_; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "ext1" field.</summary>
+        public const int Ext1FieldNumber = 1000;
+        private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> _repeated_ext1_codec
+            = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(8002, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Parser);
+        private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> ext1_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes>();
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> Ext1 {
+          get { return ext1_; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "ext2" field.</summary>
+        public const int Ext2FieldNumber = 1001;
+        private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> _repeated_ext2_codec
+            = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(8010, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Parser);
+        private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> ext2_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes>();
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> Ext2 {
+          get { return ext2_; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as RepeatedFieldsGenerator);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(RepeatedFieldsGenerator other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if(!field1_.Equals(other.field1_)) return false;
+          if(!field2_.Equals(other.field2_)) return false;
+          if(!field3_.Equals(other.field3_)) return false;
+          if(!group1_.Equals(other.group1_)) return false;
+          if(!group2_.Equals(other.group2_)) return false;
+          if(!ext1_.Equals(other.ext1_)) return false;
+          if(!ext2_.Equals(other.ext2_)) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          hash ^= field1_.GetHashCode();
+          hash ^= field2_.GetHashCode();
+          hash ^= field3_.GetHashCode();
+          hash ^= group1_.GetHashCode();
+          hash ^= group2_.GetHashCode();
+          hash ^= ext1_.GetHashCode();
+          hash ^= ext2_.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          field1_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_field1_codec);
+          field2_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_field2_codec);
+          field3_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_field3_codec);
+          group1_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_group1_codec);
+          group2_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_group2_codec);
+          ext1_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_ext1_codec);
+          ext2_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_ext2_codec);
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          size += field1_.CalculateSize(_repeated_field1_codec);
+          size += field2_.CalculateSize(_repeated_field2_codec);
+          size += field3_.CalculateSize(_repeated_field3_codec);
+          size += group1_.CalculateSize(_repeated_group1_codec);
+          size += group2_.CalculateSize(_repeated_group2_codec);
+          size += ext1_.CalculateSize(_repeated_ext1_codec);
+          size += ext2_.CalculateSize(_repeated_ext2_codec);
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(RepeatedFieldsGenerator other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          field1_.Add(other.field1_);
+          field2_.Add(other.field2_);
+          field3_.Add(other.field3_);
+          group1_.Add(other.group1_);
+          group2_.Add(other.group2_);
+          ext1_.Add(other.ext1_);
+          ext2_.Add(other.ext2_);
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 10: {
+                field1_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_field1_codec);
+                break;
+              }
+              case 18: {
+                field2_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_field2_codec);
+                break;
+              }
+              case 26: {
+                field3_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_field3_codec);
+                break;
+              }
+              case 83: {
+                group1_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_group1_codec);
+                break;
+              }
+              case 163: {
+                group2_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_group2_codec);
+                break;
+              }
+              case 8002: {
+                ext1_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_ext1_codec);
+                break;
+              }
+              case 8010: {
+                ext2_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_ext2_codec);
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        #region Nested types
+        /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the RepeatedFieldsGenerator message type.</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static partial class Types {
+          public sealed partial class Group1 : pb::IMessage<Group1> {
+            private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Group1> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Group1>(() => new Group1());
+            private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public static pb::MessageParser<Group1> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+              get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+              get { return Descriptor; }
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public Group1() {
+              OnConstruction();
+            }
+
+            partial void OnConstruction();
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public Group1(Group1 other) : this() {
+              field1_ = other.HasField1 ? other.field1_.Clone() : null;
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public Group1 Clone() {
+              return new Group1(this);
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>Field number for the "field1" field.</summary>
+            public const int Field1FieldNumber = 11;
+            private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes field1_;
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes Field1 {
+              get { return field1_; }
+              set {
+                field1_ = value;
+              }
+            }
+            /// <summary>Gets whether the field1 field is set</summary>
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public bool HasField1 {
+              get { return field1_ != null; }
+            }
+            /// <summary>Clears the value of the field1 field</summary>
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void ClearField1() {
+              field1_ = null;
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public override bool Equals(object other) {
+              return Equals(other as Group1);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public bool Equals(Group1 other) {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+                return false;
+              }
+              if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+                return true;
+              }
+              if (!object.Equals(Field1, other.Field1)) return false;
+              return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public override int GetHashCode() {
+              int hash = 1;
+              if (HasField1) hash ^= Field1.GetHashCode();
+              if (_unknownFields != null) {
+                hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+              }
+              return hash;
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public override string ToString() {
+              return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+              if (HasField1) {
+                output.WriteRawTag(90);
+                output.WriteMessage(Field1);
+              }
+              if (_unknownFields != null) {
+                _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+              }
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public int CalculateSize() {
+              int size = 0;
+              if (HasField1) {
+                size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Field1);
+              }
+              if (_unknownFields != null) {
+                size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+              }
+              return size;
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void MergeFrom(Group1 other) {
+              if (other == null) {
+                return;
+              }
+              if (other.HasField1) {
+                if (!HasField1) {
+                  Field1 = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+                }
+                Field1.MergeFrom(other.Field1);
+              }
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+              uint tag;
+              while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+                switch(tag) {
+                  case 84:
+                    return;
+                  default:
+                    _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                    break;
+                  case 90: {
+                    if (!HasField1) {
+                      Field1 = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+                    }
+                    input.ReadMessage(Field1);
+                    break;
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+
+          }
+
+          public sealed partial class Group2 : pb::IMessage<Group2> {
+            private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Group2> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Group2>(() => new Group2());
+            private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public static pb::MessageParser<Group2> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+              get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Types.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Descriptor.NestedTypes[1]; }
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+              get { return Descriptor; }
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public Group2() {
+              OnConstruction();
+            }
+
+            partial void OnConstruction();
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public Group2(Group2 other) : this() {
+              field1_ = other.HasField1 ? other.field1_.Clone() : null;
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public Group2 Clone() {
+              return new Group2(this);
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>Field number for the "field1" field.</summary>
+            public const int Field1FieldNumber = 21;
+            private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes field1_;
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes Field1 {
+              get { return field1_; }
+              set {
+                field1_ = value;
+              }
+            }
+            /// <summary>Gets whether the field1 field is set</summary>
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public bool HasField1 {
+              get { return field1_ != null; }
+            }
+            /// <summary>Clears the value of the field1 field</summary>
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void ClearField1() {
+              field1_ = null;
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public override bool Equals(object other) {
+              return Equals(other as Group2);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public bool Equals(Group2 other) {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+                return false;
+              }
+              if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+                return true;
+              }
+              if (!object.Equals(Field1, other.Field1)) return false;
+              return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public override int GetHashCode() {
+              int hash = 1;
+              if (HasField1) hash ^= Field1.GetHashCode();
+              if (_unknownFields != null) {
+                hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+              }
+              return hash;
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public override string ToString() {
+              return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+              if (HasField1) {
+                output.WriteRawTag(170, 1);
+                output.WriteMessage(Field1);
+              }
+              if (_unknownFields != null) {
+                _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+              }
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public int CalculateSize() {
+              int size = 0;
+              if (HasField1) {
+                size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Field1);
+              }
+              if (_unknownFields != null) {
+                size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+              }
+              return size;
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void MergeFrom(Group2 other) {
+              if (other == null) {
+                return;
+              }
+              if (other.HasField1) {
+                if (!HasField1) {
+                  Field1 = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+                }
+                Field1.MergeFrom(other.Field1);
+              }
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+              uint tag;
+              while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+                switch(tag) {
+                  case 164:
+                    return;
+                  default:
+                    _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                    break;
+                  case 170: {
+                    if (!HasField1) {
+                      Field1 = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+                    }
+                    input.ReadMessage(Field1);
+                    break;
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+
+          }
+
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class OptionalGroup : pb::IMessage<OptionalGroup> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup>(() => new OptionalGroup());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Descriptor.NestedTypes[1]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup(OptionalGroup other) : this() {
+          optionalGroupAllTypes_ = other.HasOptionalGroupAllTypes ? other.optionalGroupAllTypes_.Clone() : null;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup Clone() {
+          return new OptionalGroup(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_group_all_types" field.</summary>
+        public const int OptionalGroupAllTypesFieldNumber = 11;
+        private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes optionalGroupAllTypes_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes OptionalGroupAllTypes {
+          get { return optionalGroupAllTypes_; }
+          set {
+            optionalGroupAllTypes_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the optional_group_all_types field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasOptionalGroupAllTypes {
+          get { return optionalGroupAllTypes_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the optional_group_all_types field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearOptionalGroupAllTypes() {
+          optionalGroupAllTypes_ = null;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as OptionalGroup);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(OptionalGroup other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (!object.Equals(OptionalGroupAllTypes, other.OptionalGroupAllTypes)) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasOptionalGroupAllTypes) hash ^= OptionalGroupAllTypes.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasOptionalGroupAllTypes) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(90);
+            output.WriteMessage(OptionalGroupAllTypes);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasOptionalGroupAllTypes) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalGroupAllTypes);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(OptionalGroup other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasOptionalGroupAllTypes) {
+            if (!HasOptionalGroupAllTypes) {
+              OptionalGroupAllTypes = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+            }
+            OptionalGroupAllTypes.MergeFrom(other.OptionalGroupAllTypes);
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 84:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 90: {
+                if (!HasOptionalGroupAllTypes) {
+                  OptionalGroupAllTypes = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+                }
+                input.ReadMessage(OptionalGroupAllTypes);
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class RepeatedGroup : pb::IMessage<RepeatedGroup> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<RepeatedGroup> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<RepeatedGroup>(() => new RepeatedGroup());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<RepeatedGroup> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge.Descriptor.NestedTypes[2]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public RepeatedGroup() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public RepeatedGroup(RepeatedGroup other) : this() {
+          repeatedGroupAllTypes_ = other.HasRepeatedGroupAllTypes ? other.repeatedGroupAllTypes_.Clone() : null;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public RepeatedGroup Clone() {
+          return new RepeatedGroup(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_group_all_types" field.</summary>
+        public const int RepeatedGroupAllTypesFieldNumber = 21;
+        private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes repeatedGroupAllTypes_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes RepeatedGroupAllTypes {
+          get { return repeatedGroupAllTypes_; }
+          set {
+            repeatedGroupAllTypes_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the repeated_group_all_types field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasRepeatedGroupAllTypes {
+          get { return repeatedGroupAllTypes_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the repeated_group_all_types field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearRepeatedGroupAllTypes() {
+          repeatedGroupAllTypes_ = null;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as RepeatedGroup);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(RepeatedGroup other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (!object.Equals(RepeatedGroupAllTypes, other.RepeatedGroupAllTypes)) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasRepeatedGroupAllTypes) hash ^= RepeatedGroupAllTypes.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasRepeatedGroupAllTypes) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(170, 1);
+            output.WriteMessage(RepeatedGroupAllTypes);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasRepeatedGroupAllTypes) {
+            size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(RepeatedGroupAllTypes);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(RepeatedGroup other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasRepeatedGroupAllTypes) {
+            if (!HasRepeatedGroupAllTypes) {
+              RepeatedGroupAllTypes = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+            }
+            RepeatedGroupAllTypes.MergeFrom(other.RepeatedGroupAllTypes);
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 164:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 170: {
+                if (!HasRepeatedGroupAllTypes) {
+                  RepeatedGroupAllTypes = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+                }
+                input.ReadMessage(RepeatedGroupAllTypes);
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+    #region Extensions
+    /// <summary>Container for extensions for other messages declared in the TestParsingMerge message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Extensions {
+      public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> OptionalExt =
+        new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes>(1000, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(8002, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Parser));
+      public static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes> RepeatedExt =
+        new pb::RepeatedExtension<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestParsingMerge, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes>(1001, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(8010, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes.Parser));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestCommentInjectionMessage : pb::IMessage<TestCommentInjectionMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestCommentInjectionMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestCommentInjectionMessage>(() => new TestCommentInjectionMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestCommentInjectionMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[55]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestCommentInjectionMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestCommentInjectionMessage(TestCommentInjectionMessage other) : this() {
+      a_ = other.a_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestCommentInjectionMessage Clone() {
+      return new TestCommentInjectionMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+    public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static string ADefaultValue = global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System.Convert.FromBase64String("Ki8gPC0gTmVpdGhlciBzaG91bGQgdGhpcy4="), 0, 26);
+
+    private string a_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// */ &lt;- This should not close the generated doc comment
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string A {
+      get { return a_ ?? ADefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        a_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "a" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasA {
+      get { return a_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "a" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearA() {
+      a_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestCommentInjectionMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestCommentInjectionMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (A != other.A) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasA) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasA) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(A);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasA) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(A);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestCommentInjectionMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasA) {
+        A = other.A;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            A = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test that RPC services work.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class FooRequest : pb::IMessage<FooRequest> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FooRequest> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FooRequest>(() => new FooRequest());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FooRequest> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[56]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooRequest() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooRequest(FooRequest other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooRequest Clone() {
+      return new FooRequest(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FooRequest);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FooRequest other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FooRequest other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class FooResponse : pb::IMessage<FooResponse> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FooResponse> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FooResponse>(() => new FooResponse());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FooResponse> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[57]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooResponse() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooResponse(FooResponse other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooResponse Clone() {
+      return new FooResponse(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FooResponse);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FooResponse other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FooResponse other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class FooClientMessage : pb::IMessage<FooClientMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FooClientMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FooClientMessage>(() => new FooClientMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FooClientMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[58]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooClientMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooClientMessage(FooClientMessage other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooClientMessage Clone() {
+      return new FooClientMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FooClientMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FooClientMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FooClientMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class FooServerMessage : pb::IMessage<FooServerMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FooServerMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FooServerMessage>(() => new FooServerMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FooServerMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[59]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooServerMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooServerMessage(FooServerMessage other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooServerMessage Clone() {
+      return new FooServerMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FooServerMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FooServerMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FooServerMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class BarRequest : pb::IMessage<BarRequest> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<BarRequest> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<BarRequest>(() => new BarRequest());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<BarRequest> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[60]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BarRequest() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BarRequest(BarRequest other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BarRequest Clone() {
+      return new BarRequest(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as BarRequest);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(BarRequest other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(BarRequest other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class BarResponse : pb::IMessage<BarResponse> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<BarResponse> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<BarResponse>(() => new BarResponse());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<BarResponse> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[61]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BarResponse() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BarResponse(BarResponse other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BarResponse Clone() {
+      return new BarResponse(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as BarResponse);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(BarResponse other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(BarResponse other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestJsonName : pb::IMessage<TestJsonName> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestJsonName> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestJsonName>(() => new TestJsonName());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestJsonName> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[62]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestJsonName() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestJsonName(TestJsonName other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      fieldName1_ = other.fieldName1_;
+      fieldName2_ = other.fieldName2_;
+      fieldName3_ = other.fieldName3_;
+      FieldName4_ = other.FieldName4_;
+      fIELDNAME5_ = other.fIELDNAME5_;
+      fieldName6_ = other.fieldName6_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestJsonName Clone() {
+      return new TestJsonName(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field_name1" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName1FieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int FieldName1DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldName1_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName1 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return fieldName1_; } else { return FieldName1DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        fieldName1_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field_name1" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName1 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field_name1" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName1() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "fieldName2" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName2FieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static int FieldName2DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldName2_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName2 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return fieldName2_; } else { return FieldName2DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        fieldName2_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "fieldName2" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName2 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "fieldName2" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName2() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "FieldName3" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName3FieldNumber = 3;
+    private readonly static int FieldName3DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldName3_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName3 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4) != 0) { return fieldName3_; } else { return FieldName3DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4;
+        fieldName3_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "FieldName3" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName3 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "FieldName3" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName3() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "_field_name4" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName4FieldNumber = 4;
+    private readonly static int FieldName4DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int FieldName4_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName4 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8) != 0) { return FieldName4_; } else { return FieldName4DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8;
+        FieldName4_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "_field_name4" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName4 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "_field_name4" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName4() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "FIELD_NAME5" field.</summary>
+    public const int FIELDNAME5FieldNumber = 5;
+    private readonly static int FIELDNAME5DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fIELDNAME5_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FIELDNAME5 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16) != 0) { return fIELDNAME5_; } else { return FIELDNAME5DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16;
+        fIELDNAME5_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "FIELD_NAME5" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFIELDNAME5 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "FIELD_NAME5" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFIELDNAME5() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field_name6" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldName6FieldNumber = 6;
+    private readonly static int FieldName6DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fieldName6_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FieldName6 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 32) != 0) { return fieldName6_; } else { return FieldName6DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 32;
+        fieldName6_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field_name6" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFieldName6 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 32) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field_name6" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFieldName6() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~32;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestJsonName);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestJsonName other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (FieldName1 != other.FieldName1) return false;
+      if (FieldName2 != other.FieldName2) return false;
+      if (FieldName3 != other.FieldName3) return false;
+      if (FieldName4 != other.FieldName4) return false;
+      if (FIELDNAME5 != other.FIELDNAME5) return false;
+      if (FieldName6 != other.FieldName6) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasFieldName1) hash ^= FieldName1.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName2) hash ^= FieldName2.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName3) hash ^= FieldName3.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName4) hash ^= FieldName4.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFIELDNAME5) hash ^= FIELDNAME5.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFieldName6) hash ^= FieldName6.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasFieldName1) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName1);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName2) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName2);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName3) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName3);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName4) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(32);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName4);
+      }
+      if (HasFIELDNAME5) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteInt32(FIELDNAME5);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName6) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(48);
+        output.WriteInt32(FieldName6);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasFieldName1) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName1);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName2) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName2);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName3) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName3);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName4) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName4);
+      }
+      if (HasFIELDNAME5) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FIELDNAME5);
+      }
+      if (HasFieldName6) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FieldName6);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestJsonName other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName1) {
+        FieldName1 = other.FieldName1;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName2) {
+        FieldName2 = other.FieldName2;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName3) {
+        FieldName3 = other.FieldName3;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName4) {
+        FieldName4 = other.FieldName4;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFIELDNAME5) {
+        FIELDNAME5 = other.FIELDNAME5;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFieldName6) {
+        FieldName6 = other.FieldName6;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            FieldName1 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            FieldName2 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            FieldName3 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+            FieldName4 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            FIELDNAME5 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 48: {
+            FieldName6 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestHugeFieldNumbers : pb::IExtendableMessage<TestHugeFieldNumbers> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestHugeFieldNumbers> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestHugeFieldNumbers>(() => new TestHugeFieldNumbers());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestHugeFieldNumbers> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestHugeFieldNumbers> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestHugeFieldNumbers> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[63]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestHugeFieldNumbers() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestHugeFieldNumbers(TestHugeFieldNumbers other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      optionalInt32_ = other.optionalInt32_;
+      fixed32_ = other.fixed32_;
+      repeatedInt32_ = other.repeatedInt32_.Clone();
+      packedInt32_ = other.packedInt32_.Clone();
+      optionalEnum_ = other.optionalEnum_;
+      optionalString_ = other.optionalString_;
+      optionalBytes_ = other.optionalBytes_;
+      optionalMessage_ = other.HasOptionalMessage ? other.optionalMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalGroup_ = other.HasOptionalGroup ? other.optionalGroup_.Clone() : null;
+      stringStringMap_ = other.stringStringMap_.Clone();
+      switch (other.OneofFieldCase) {
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32:
+          OneofUint32 = other.OneofUint32;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofTestAllTypes:
+          OneofTestAllTypes = other.OneofTestAllTypes.Clone();
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString:
+          OneofString = other.OneofString;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes:
+          OneofBytes = other.OneofBytes;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestHugeFieldNumbers Clone() {
+      return new TestHugeFieldNumbers(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalInt32FieldNumber = 536870000;
+    private readonly static int OptionalInt32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int optionalInt32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OptionalInt32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return optionalInt32_; } else { return OptionalInt32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        optionalInt32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_int32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalInt32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_int32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalInt32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "fixed_32" field.</summary>
+    public const int Fixed32FieldNumber = 536870001;
+    private readonly static int Fixed32DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int fixed32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Fixed32 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return fixed32_; } else { return Fixed32DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        fixed32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "fixed_32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasFixed32 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "fixed_32" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFixed32() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt32FieldNumber = 536870002;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(4294960016);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedInt32 {
+      get { return repeatedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedInt32FieldNumber = 536870003;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_packedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(4294960026);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> packedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PackedInt32 {
+      get { return packedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalEnumFieldNumber = 536870004;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum OptionalEnumDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum optionalEnum_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum OptionalEnum {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4) != 0) { return optionalEnum_; } else { return OptionalEnumDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4;
+        optionalEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_enum" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalEnum {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_enum" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalEnum() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalStringFieldNumber = 536870005;
+    private readonly static string OptionalStringDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string optionalString_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OptionalString {
+      get { return optionalString_ ?? OptionalStringDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        optionalString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalString {
+      get { return optionalString_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_string" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalString() {
+      optionalString_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalBytesFieldNumber = 536870006;
+    private readonly static pb::ByteString OptionalBytesDefaultValue = pb::ByteString.Empty;
+
+    private pb::ByteString optionalBytes_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString OptionalBytes {
+      get { return optionalBytes_ ?? OptionalBytesDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        optionalBytes_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optional_bytes" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalBytes {
+      get { return optionalBytes_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optional_bytes" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalBytes() {
+      optionalBytes_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalMessageFieldNumber = 536870007;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage optionalMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage OptionalMessage {
+      get { return optionalMessage_; }
+      set {
+        optionalMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optional_message field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalMessage {
+      get { return optionalMessage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optional_message field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalMessage() {
+      optionalMessage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optionalgroup" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalGroupFieldNumber = 536870008;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestHugeFieldNumbers.Types.OptionalGroup optionalGroup_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestHugeFieldNumbers.Types.OptionalGroup OptionalGroup {
+      get { return optionalGroup_; }
+      set {
+        optionalGroup_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the optionalgroup field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptionalGroup {
+      get { return optionalGroup_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the optionalgroup field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptionalGroup() {
+      optionalGroup_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "string_string_map" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringStringMapFieldNumber = 536870010;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, string>.Codec _map_stringStringMap_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, string>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForString(18, ""), 4294960082);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, string> stringStringMap_ = new pbc::MapField<string, string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, string> StringStringMap {
+      get { return stringStringMap_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofUint32FieldNumber = 536870011;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint OneofUint32 {
+      get { return HasOneofUint32 ? (uint) oneofField_ : 0; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_uint32" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofUint32 {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_uint32" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofUint32() {
+      if (HasOneofUint32) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_test_all_types" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofTestAllTypesFieldNumber = 536870012;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes OneofTestAllTypes {
+      get { return HasOneofTestAllTypes ? (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes) oneofField_ : null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofTestAllTypes;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_test_all_types" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofTestAllTypes {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofTestAllTypes; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_test_all_types" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofTestAllTypes() {
+      if (HasOneofTestAllTypes) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofStringFieldNumber = 536870013;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OneofString {
+      get { return HasOneofString ? (string) oneofField_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_string" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofString {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_string" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofString() {
+      if (HasOneofString) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofBytesFieldNumber = 536870014;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString OneofBytes {
+      get { return HasOneofBytes ? (pb::ByteString) oneofField_ : pb::ByteString.Empty; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_bytes" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofBytes {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes; }
+    }
+    /// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to "oneof_bytes" </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofBytes() {
+      if (HasOneofBytes) {
+        ClearOneofField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object oneofField_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "oneof_field" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum OneofFieldOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      OneofUint32 = 536870011,
+      OneofTestAllTypes = 536870012,
+      OneofString = 536870013,
+      OneofBytes = 536870014,
+    }
+    private OneofFieldOneofCase oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofFieldOneofCase OneofFieldCase {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofField() {
+      oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.None;
+      oneofField_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestHugeFieldNumbers);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestHugeFieldNumbers other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (OptionalInt32 != other.OptionalInt32) return false;
+      if (Fixed32 != other.Fixed32) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt32_.Equals(other.repeatedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedInt32_.Equals(other.packedInt32_)) return false;
+      if (OptionalEnum != other.OptionalEnum) return false;
+      if (OptionalString != other.OptionalString) return false;
+      if (OptionalBytes != other.OptionalBytes) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalMessage, other.OptionalMessage)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OptionalGroup, other.OptionalGroup)) return false;
+      if (!StringStringMap.Equals(other.StringStringMap)) return false;
+      if (OneofUint32 != other.OneofUint32) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OneofTestAllTypes, other.OneofTestAllTypes)) return false;
+      if (OneofString != other.OneofString) return false;
+      if (OneofBytes != other.OneofBytes) return false;
+      if (OneofFieldCase != other.OneofFieldCase) return false;
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) hash ^= OptionalInt32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasFixed32) hash ^= Fixed32.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalEnum) hash ^= OptionalEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalString) hash ^= OptionalString.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalBytes) hash ^= OptionalBytes.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalMessage) hash ^= OptionalMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) hash ^= OptionalGroup.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= StringStringMap.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofUint32) hash ^= OneofUint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofTestAllTypes) hash ^= OneofTestAllTypes.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofString) hash ^= OneofString.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofBytes) hash ^= OneofBytes.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) oneofFieldCase_;
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 199, 255, 255, 15);
+        output.WriteInt32(OptionalInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasFixed32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 199, 255, 255, 15);
+        output.WriteInt32(Fixed32);
+      }
+      repeatedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      packedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+      if (HasOptionalEnum) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(160, 199, 255, 255, 15);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) OptionalEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(170, 199, 255, 255, 15);
+        output.WriteString(OptionalString);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalBytes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(178, 199, 255, 255, 15);
+        output.WriteBytes(OptionalBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(186, 199, 255, 255, 15);
+        output.WriteMessage(OptionalMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(195, 199, 255, 255, 15);
+        output.WriteGroup(OptionalGroup);
+        output.WriteRawTag(196, 199, 255, 255, 15);
+      }
+      stringStringMap_.WriteTo(output, _map_stringStringMap_codec);
+      if (HasOneofUint32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(216, 199, 255, 255, 15);
+        output.WriteUInt32(OneofUint32);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofTestAllTypes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(226, 199, 255, 255, 15);
+        output.WriteMessage(OneofTestAllTypes);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(234, 199, 255, 255, 15);
+        output.WriteString(OneofString);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofBytes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(242, 199, 255, 255, 15);
+        output.WriteBytes(OneofBytes);
+      }
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasOptionalInt32) {
+        size += 5 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(OptionalInt32);
+      }
+      if (HasFixed32) {
+        size += 5 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Fixed32);
+      }
+      size += repeatedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      size += packedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+      if (HasOptionalEnum) {
+        size += 5 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) OptionalEnum);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalString) {
+        size += 5 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OptionalString);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalBytes) {
+        size += 5 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(OptionalBytes);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalMessage) {
+        size += 5 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OptionalMessage);
+      }
+      if (HasOptionalGroup) {
+        size += 10 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize(OptionalGroup);
+      }
+      size += stringStringMap_.CalculateSize(_map_stringStringMap_codec);
+      if (HasOneofUint32) {
+        size += 5 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(OneofUint32);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofTestAllTypes) {
+        size += 5 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OneofTestAllTypes);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofString) {
+        size += 5 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OneofString);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofBytes) {
+        size += 5 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(OneofBytes);
+      }
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestHugeFieldNumbers other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalInt32) {
+        OptionalInt32 = other.OptionalInt32;
+      }
+      if (other.HasFixed32) {
+        Fixed32 = other.Fixed32;
+      }
+      repeatedInt32_.Add(other.repeatedInt32_);
+      packedInt32_.Add(other.packedInt32_);
+      if (other.HasOptionalEnum) {
+        OptionalEnum = other.OptionalEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalString) {
+        OptionalString = other.OptionalString;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalBytes) {
+        OptionalBytes = other.OptionalBytes;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalMessage) {
+        if (!HasOptionalMessage) {
+          OptionalMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage();
+        }
+        OptionalMessage.MergeFrom(other.OptionalMessage);
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptionalGroup) {
+        if (!HasOptionalGroup) {
+          OptionalGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestHugeFieldNumbers.Types.OptionalGroup();
+        }
+        OptionalGroup.MergeFrom(other.OptionalGroup);
+      }
+      stringStringMap_.Add(other.stringStringMap_);
+      switch (other.OneofFieldCase) {
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32:
+          OneofUint32 = other.OneofUint32;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofTestAllTypes:
+          if (OneofTestAllTypes == null) {
+            OneofTestAllTypes = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+          }
+          OneofTestAllTypes.MergeFrom(other.OneofTestAllTypes);
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString:
+          OneofString = other.OneofString;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes:
+          OneofBytes = other.OneofBytes;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 4294960000: {
+            OptionalInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 4294960008: {
+            Fixed32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 4294960018:
+          case 4294960016: {
+            repeatedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 4294960026:
+          case 4294960024: {
+            packedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 4294960032: {
+            OptionalEnum = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 4294960042: {
+            OptionalString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 4294960050: {
+            OptionalBytes = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 4294960058: {
+            if (!HasOptionalMessage) {
+              OptionalMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ForeignMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(OptionalMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 4294960067: {
+            if (!HasOptionalGroup) {
+              OptionalGroup = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestHugeFieldNumbers.Types.OptionalGroup();
+            }
+            input.ReadGroup(OptionalGroup);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 4294960082: {
+            stringStringMap_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_stringStringMap_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 4294960088: {
+            OneofUint32 = input.ReadUInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 4294960098: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+            if (HasOneofTestAllTypes) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(OneofTestAllTypes);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            OneofTestAllTypes = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 4294960106: {
+            OneofString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 4294960114: {
+            OneofBytes = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestHugeFieldNumbers, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestHugeFieldNumbers, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestHugeFieldNumbers, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestHugeFieldNumbers, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestHugeFieldNumbers, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestHugeFieldNumbers, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestHugeFieldNumbers, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestHugeFieldNumbers message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class OptionalGroup : pb::IMessage<OptionalGroup> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup>(() => new OptionalGroup());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<OptionalGroup> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.TestHugeFieldNumbers.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup(OptionalGroup other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          groupA_ = other.groupA_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public OptionalGroup Clone() {
+          return new OptionalGroup(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "group_a" field.</summary>
+        public const int GroupAFieldNumber = 536870009;
+        private readonly static int GroupADefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int groupA_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int GroupA {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return groupA_; } else { return GroupADefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            groupA_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "group_a" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasGroupA {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "group_a" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearGroupA() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as OptionalGroup);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(OptionalGroup other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (GroupA != other.GroupA) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasGroupA) hash ^= GroupA.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasGroupA) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(200, 199, 255, 255, 15);
+            output.WriteInt32(GroupA);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasGroupA) {
+            size += 5 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(GroupA);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(OptionalGroup other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasGroupA) {
+            GroupA = other.GroupA;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              case 4294960068:
+                return;
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 4294960072: {
+                GroupA = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestExtensionInsideTable : pb::IExtendableMessage<TestExtensionInsideTable> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestExtensionInsideTable> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestExtensionInsideTable>(() => new TestExtensionInsideTable());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestExtensionInsideTable> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<TestExtensionInsideTable> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestExtensionInsideTable> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[64]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestExtensionInsideTable() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestExtensionInsideTable(TestExtensionInsideTable other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      field1_ = other.field1_;
+      field2_ = other.field2_;
+      field3_ = other.field3_;
+      field4_ = other.field4_;
+      field6_ = other.field6_;
+      field7_ = other.field7_;
+      field8_ = other.field8_;
+      field9_ = other.field9_;
+      field10_ = other.field10_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestExtensionInsideTable Clone() {
+      return new TestExtensionInsideTable(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field1" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field1FieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int Field1DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int field1_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field1 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return field1_; } else { return Field1DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        field1_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field1" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasField1 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field1" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearField1() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field2" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field2FieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static int Field2DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int field2_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field2 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return field2_; } else { return Field2DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        field2_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field2" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasField2 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field2" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearField2() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field3" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field3FieldNumber = 3;
+    private readonly static int Field3DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int field3_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field3 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4) != 0) { return field3_; } else { return Field3DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4;
+        field3_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field3" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasField3 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field3" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearField3() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field4" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field4FieldNumber = 4;
+    private readonly static int Field4DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int field4_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field4 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8) != 0) { return field4_; } else { return Field4DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8;
+        field4_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field4" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasField4 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field4" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearField4() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field6" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field6FieldNumber = 6;
+    private readonly static int Field6DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int field6_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field6 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16) != 0) { return field6_; } else { return Field6DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16;
+        field6_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field6" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasField6 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field6" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearField6() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field7" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field7FieldNumber = 7;
+    private readonly static int Field7DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int field7_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field7 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 32) != 0) { return field7_; } else { return Field7DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 32;
+        field7_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field7" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasField7 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 32) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field7" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearField7() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~32;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field8" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field8FieldNumber = 8;
+    private readonly static int Field8DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int field8_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field8 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 64) != 0) { return field8_; } else { return Field8DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 64;
+        field8_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field8" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasField8 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 64) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field8" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearField8() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~64;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field9" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field9FieldNumber = 9;
+    private readonly static int Field9DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int field9_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field9 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 128) != 0) { return field9_; } else { return Field9DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 128;
+        field9_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field9" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasField9 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 128) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field9" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearField9() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~128;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field10" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field10FieldNumber = 10;
+    private readonly static int Field10DefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int field10_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Field10 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 256) != 0) { return field10_; } else { return Field10DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 256;
+        field10_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "field10" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasField10 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 256) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "field10" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearField10() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~256;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestExtensionInsideTable);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestExtensionInsideTable other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Field1 != other.Field1) return false;
+      if (Field2 != other.Field2) return false;
+      if (Field3 != other.Field3) return false;
+      if (Field4 != other.Field4) return false;
+      if (Field6 != other.Field6) return false;
+      if (Field7 != other.Field7) return false;
+      if (Field8 != other.Field8) return false;
+      if (Field9 != other.Field9) return false;
+      if (Field10 != other.Field10) return false;
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasField1) hash ^= Field1.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasField2) hash ^= Field2.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasField3) hash ^= Field3.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasField4) hash ^= Field4.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasField6) hash ^= Field6.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasField7) hash ^= Field7.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasField8) hash ^= Field8.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasField9) hash ^= Field9.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasField10) hash ^= Field10.GetHashCode();
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasField1) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field1);
+      }
+      if (HasField2) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field2);
+      }
+      if (HasField3) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field3);
+      }
+      if (HasField4) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(32);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field4);
+      }
+      if (HasField6) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(48);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field6);
+      }
+      if (HasField7) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(56);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field7);
+      }
+      if (HasField8) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(64);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field8);
+      }
+      if (HasField9) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(72);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field9);
+      }
+      if (HasField10) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(80);
+        output.WriteInt32(Field10);
+      }
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasField1) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field1);
+      }
+      if (HasField2) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field2);
+      }
+      if (HasField3) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field3);
+      }
+      if (HasField4) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field4);
+      }
+      if (HasField6) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field6);
+      }
+      if (HasField7) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field7);
+      }
+      if (HasField8) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field8);
+      }
+      if (HasField9) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field9);
+      }
+      if (HasField10) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Field10);
+      }
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestExtensionInsideTable other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasField1) {
+        Field1 = other.Field1;
+      }
+      if (other.HasField2) {
+        Field2 = other.Field2;
+      }
+      if (other.HasField3) {
+        Field3 = other.Field3;
+      }
+      if (other.HasField4) {
+        Field4 = other.Field4;
+      }
+      if (other.HasField6) {
+        Field6 = other.Field6;
+      }
+      if (other.HasField7) {
+        Field7 = other.Field7;
+      }
+      if (other.HasField8) {
+        Field8 = other.Field8;
+      }
+      if (other.HasField9) {
+        Field9 = other.Field9;
+      }
+      if (other.HasField10) {
+        Field10 = other.Field10;
+      }
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Field1 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Field2 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            Field3 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+            Field4 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 48: {
+            Field6 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 56: {
+            Field7 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 64: {
+            Field8 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 72: {
+            Field9 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 80: {
+            Field10 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestExtensionInsideTable, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestExtensionInsideTable, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestExtensionInsideTable, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestExtensionInsideTable, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestExtensionInsideTable, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<TestExtensionInsideTable, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<TestExtensionInsideTable, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestCustomOptionsProto3.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestCustomOptionsProto3.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb5edf754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestCustomOptionsProto3.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,2962 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: unittest_custom_options_proto3.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from unittest_custom_options_proto3.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for unittest_custom_options_proto3.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "CiR1bml0dGVzdF9jdXN0b21fb3B0aW9uc19wcm90bzMucHJvdG8SEXByb3Rv",
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+            "gJOyHQD49bAdAIDEsB3/////D/iXsB3///////////8BnfWvHQAAAACR7q8d",
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+            "gJOyHf////8P+PWwHf///////////wGAxLAd/v///w/4l7Ad/v//////////",
+            "AZ31rx3/////ke6vHf//////////rY2vHf///3+Z1qgd/////////38ibgoX",
+            "Q3VzdG9tT3B0aW9uT3RoZXJWYWx1ZXM6U+jGsh2c//////////8B9d+jHeeH",
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+            "VmFyaW91c0NvbXBsZXhPcHRpb25zOlOi4pUdAggqouKVHQIgY6LilR0CIFiq",
+            "/ZAdAxDbB6r9kB0FCgMI5wXSqI8dAwizD6r9kB0FGgMIwQKq/ZAdBCICCGWq",
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+            "Z2dyZWdhdGU6VAoKc2VydmljZW9wdBIfLmdvb2dsZS5wcm90b2J1Zi5TZXJ2",
+            "aWNlT3B0aW9ucxi577EHIAEoCzIcLnByb3RvYnVmX3VuaXR0ZXN0LkFnZ3Jl",
+            "Z2F0ZTpSCgltZXRob2RvcHQSHi5nb29nbGUucHJvdG9idWYuTWV0aG9kT3B0",
+            "aW9ucxiJ6bIHIAEoCzIcLnByb3RvYnVmX3VuaXR0ZXN0LkFnZ3JlZ2F0ZUJV",
+            "qgIaVW5pdFRlc3QuSXNzdWVzLlRlc3RQcm90b3Pw6MEd6q3A5ST67IU7Kghk",
+            "Eg5GaWxlQW5ub3RhdGlvbhoWEhROZXN0ZWRGaWxlQW5ub3RhdGlvbmIGcHJv",
+            "dG8z"));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(new[] {typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.MethodOpt1), typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.AggregateEnum), }, new pb::Extension[] { UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.FileOpt1, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.MessageOpt1, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.FieldOpt1, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.OneofOpt1, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.EnumOpt1, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.EnumValueOpt1, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.ServiceOpt1, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.MethodOpt1, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.BoolOpt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Int32Opt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Int64Opt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Uint32Opt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Uint64Opt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Sint32Opt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Sint64Opt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Fixed32Opt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Fixed64Opt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Sfixed32Opt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Sfixed64Opt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.FloatOpt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.DoubleOpt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.StringOpt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.BytesOpt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.EnumOpt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.MessageTypeOpt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.ComplexOpt1, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.ComplexOpt2, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.ComplexOpt3, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Fileopt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Msgopt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Fieldopt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Enumopt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Enumvalopt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Serviceopt, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.Methodopt }, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.TestMessageWithCustomOptions), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.TestMessageWithCustomOptions.Parser, new[]{ "Field1", "OneofField" }, new[]{ "AnOneof" }, new[]{ typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.TestMessageWithCustomOptions.Types.AnEnum) }, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.CustomOptionFooRequest), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.CustomOptionFooRequest.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.CustomOptionFooResponse), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.CustomOptionFooResponse.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.CustomOptionFooClientMessage), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.CustomOptionFooClientMessage.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.CustomOptionFooServerMessage), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.CustomOptionFooServerMessage.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DummyMessageContainingEnum), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DummyMessageContainingEnum.Parser, null, null, new[]{ typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DummyMessageContainingEnum.Types.TestEnumType) }, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.CustomOptionMinIntegerValues), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.CustomOptionMinIntegerValues.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.CustomOptionOtherValues), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.CustomOptionOtherValues.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.SettingRealsFromPositiveInts), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.SettingRealsFromPositiveInts.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.SettingRealsFromNegativeInts), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.SettingRealsFromNegativeInts.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType1), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType1.Parser, new[]{ "Foo", "Foo2", "Foo3", "Foo4" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Parser, new[]{ "Bar", "Baz", "Fred", "Barney" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4.Parser, new[]{ "Waldo" }, null, null, new pb::Extension[] { global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4.Extensions.ComplexOpt4 }, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType3), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType3.Parser, new[]{ "Qux" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.VariousComplexOptions), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.VariousComplexOptions.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate.Parser, new[]{ "I", "S", "Sub" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.AggregateMessage), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.AggregateMessage.Parser, new[]{ "Fieldname" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NestedOptionType), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NestedOptionType.Parser, null, null, new[]{ typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NestedOptionType.Types.NestedEnum) }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NestedOptionType.Types.NestedMessage), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NestedOptionType.Types.NestedMessage.Parser, new[]{ "NestedField" }, null, null, null, null)})
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  /// <summary>Holder for extension identifiers generated from the top level of unittest_custom_options_proto3.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions {
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions, ulong> FileOpt1 =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions, ulong>(7736974, pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(61895792, 0UL));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, int> MessageOpt1 =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, int>(7739036, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(61912288, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions, ulong> FieldOpt1 =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions, ulong>(7740936, pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(61927489, 0UL));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofOptions, int> OneofOpt1 =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofOptions, int>(7740111, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(61920888, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumOptions, int> EnumOpt1 =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumOptions, int>(7753576, pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(62028613, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueOptions, int> EnumValueOpt1 =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueOptions, int>(1560678, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(12485424, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceOptions, long> ServiceOpt1 =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceOptions, long>(7887650, pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(63101200, 0L));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.MethodOpt1> MethodOpt1 =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.MethodOpt1>(7890860, pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(63126880, x => (int) x, x => (global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.MethodOpt1) x, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.MethodOpt1.Unspecified));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, bool> BoolOpt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, bool>(7706090, pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(61648720, false));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, int> Int32Opt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, int>(7705709, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(61645672, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, long> Int64Opt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, long>(7705542, pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(61644336, 0L));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, uint> Uint32Opt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, uint>(7704880, pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(61639040, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, ulong> Uint64Opt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, ulong>(7702367, pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(61618936, 0UL));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, int> Sint32Opt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, int>(7701568, pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(61612544, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, long> Sint64Opt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, long>(7700863, pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(61606904, 0L));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, uint> Fixed32Opt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, uint>(7700307, pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(61602461, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, ulong> Fixed64Opt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, ulong>(7700194, pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(61601553, 0UL));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, int> Sfixed32Opt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, int>(7698645, pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(61589165, 0));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, long> Sfixed64Opt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, long>(7685475, pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(61483801, 0L));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, float> FloatOpt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, float>(7675390, pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(61403125, 0F));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, double> DoubleOpt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, double>(7673293, pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(61386345, 0D));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, string> StringOpt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, string>(7673285, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(61386282, ""));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, pb::ByteString> BytesOpt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, pb::ByteString>(7673238, pb::FieldCodec.ForBytes(61385906, pb::ByteString.Empty));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DummyMessageContainingEnum.Types.TestEnumType> EnumOpt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DummyMessageContainingEnum.Types.TestEnumType>(7673233, pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(61385864, x => (int) x, x => (global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DummyMessageContainingEnum.Types.TestEnumType) x, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DummyMessageContainingEnum.Types.TestEnumType.TestOptionEnumUnspecified));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType> MessageTypeOpt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType>(7665967, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(61327738, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType1> ComplexOpt1 =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType1>(7646756, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(61174050, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType1.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2> ComplexOpt2 =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2>(7636949, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(61095594, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType3> ComplexOpt3 =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType3>(7636463, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(61091706, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType3.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate> Fileopt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate>(15478479, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(123827834, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate> Msgopt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate>(15480088, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(123840706, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate> Fieldopt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate>(15481374, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(123850994, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate> Enumopt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate>(15483218, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(123865746, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate> Enumvalopt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate>(15486921, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(123895370, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate> Serviceopt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate>(15497145, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(123977162, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate.Parser));
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate> Methodopt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate>(15512713, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(124101706, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate.Parser));
+  }
+
+  #region Enums
+  public enum MethodOpt1 {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("METHODOPT1_UNSPECIFIED")] Unspecified = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("METHODOPT1_VAL1")] Val1 = 1,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("METHODOPT1_VAL2")] Val2 = 2,
+  }
+
+  public enum AggregateEnum {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("UNSPECIFIED")] Unspecified = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("VALUE")] Value = 1,
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// A test message with custom options at all possible locations (and also some
+  /// regular options, to make sure they interact nicely).
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestMessageWithCustomOptions : pb::IMessage<TestMessageWithCustomOptions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestMessageWithCustomOptions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestMessageWithCustomOptions>(() => new TestMessageWithCustomOptions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestMessageWithCustomOptions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMessageWithCustomOptions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMessageWithCustomOptions(TestMessageWithCustomOptions other) : this() {
+      field1_ = other.field1_;
+      switch (other.AnOneofCase) {
+        case AnOneofOneofCase.OneofField:
+          OneofField = other.OneofField;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMessageWithCustomOptions Clone() {
+      return new TestMessageWithCustomOptions(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field1" field.</summary>
+    public const int Field1FieldNumber = 1;
+    private string field1_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Field1 {
+      get { return field1_; }
+      set {
+        field1_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofFieldFieldNumber = 2;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OneofField {
+      get { return anOneofCase_ == AnOneofOneofCase.OneofField ? (int) anOneof_ : 0; }
+      set {
+        anOneof_ = value;
+        anOneofCase_ = AnOneofOneofCase.OneofField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object anOneof_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "AnOneof" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum AnOneofOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      OneofField = 2,
+    }
+    private AnOneofOneofCase anOneofCase_ = AnOneofOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public AnOneofOneofCase AnOneofCase {
+      get { return anOneofCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearAnOneof() {
+      anOneofCase_ = AnOneofOneofCase.None;
+      anOneof_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestMessageWithCustomOptions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestMessageWithCustomOptions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Field1 != other.Field1) return false;
+      if (OneofField != other.OneofField) return false;
+      if (AnOneofCase != other.AnOneofCase) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Field1.Length != 0) hash ^= Field1.GetHashCode();
+      if (anOneofCase_ == AnOneofOneofCase.OneofField) hash ^= OneofField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) anOneofCase_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Field1.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Field1);
+      }
+      if (anOneofCase_ == AnOneofOneofCase.OneofField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(OneofField);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Field1.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Field1);
+      }
+      if (anOneofCase_ == AnOneofOneofCase.OneofField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(OneofField);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestMessageWithCustomOptions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Field1.Length != 0) {
+        Field1 = other.Field1;
+      }
+      switch (other.AnOneofCase) {
+        case AnOneofOneofCase.OneofField:
+          OneofField = other.OneofField;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Field1 = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            OneofField = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestMessageWithCustomOptions message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public enum AnEnum {
+        [pbr::OriginalName("ANENUM_UNSPECIFIED")] Unspecified = 0,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("ANENUM_VAL1")] Val1 = 1,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("ANENUM_VAL2")] Val2 = 2,
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// A test RPC service with custom options at all possible locations (and also
+  /// some regular options, to make sure they interact nicely).
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class CustomOptionFooRequest : pb::IMessage<CustomOptionFooRequest> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionFooRequest> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionFooRequest>(() => new CustomOptionFooRequest());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionFooRequest> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionFooRequest() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionFooRequest(CustomOptionFooRequest other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionFooRequest Clone() {
+      return new CustomOptionFooRequest(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as CustomOptionFooRequest);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(CustomOptionFooRequest other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(CustomOptionFooRequest other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class CustomOptionFooResponse : pb::IMessage<CustomOptionFooResponse> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionFooResponse> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionFooResponse>(() => new CustomOptionFooResponse());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionFooResponse> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[2]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionFooResponse() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionFooResponse(CustomOptionFooResponse other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionFooResponse Clone() {
+      return new CustomOptionFooResponse(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as CustomOptionFooResponse);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(CustomOptionFooResponse other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(CustomOptionFooResponse other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class CustomOptionFooClientMessage : pb::IMessage<CustomOptionFooClientMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionFooClientMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionFooClientMessage>(() => new CustomOptionFooClientMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionFooClientMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[3]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionFooClientMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionFooClientMessage(CustomOptionFooClientMessage other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionFooClientMessage Clone() {
+      return new CustomOptionFooClientMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as CustomOptionFooClientMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(CustomOptionFooClientMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(CustomOptionFooClientMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class CustomOptionFooServerMessage : pb::IMessage<CustomOptionFooServerMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionFooServerMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionFooServerMessage>(() => new CustomOptionFooServerMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionFooServerMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[4]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionFooServerMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionFooServerMessage(CustomOptionFooServerMessage other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionFooServerMessage Clone() {
+      return new CustomOptionFooServerMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as CustomOptionFooServerMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(CustomOptionFooServerMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(CustomOptionFooServerMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class DummyMessageContainingEnum : pb::IMessage<DummyMessageContainingEnum> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<DummyMessageContainingEnum> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<DummyMessageContainingEnum>(() => new DummyMessageContainingEnum());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<DummyMessageContainingEnum> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[5]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DummyMessageContainingEnum() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DummyMessageContainingEnum(DummyMessageContainingEnum other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DummyMessageContainingEnum Clone() {
+      return new DummyMessageContainingEnum(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as DummyMessageContainingEnum);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(DummyMessageContainingEnum other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(DummyMessageContainingEnum other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the DummyMessageContainingEnum message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public enum TestEnumType {
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TEST_OPTION_ENUM_UNSPECIFIED")] TestOptionEnumUnspecified = 0,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE1")] TestOptionEnumType1 = 22,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE2")] TestOptionEnumType2 = -23,
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType : pb::IMessage<DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType>(() => new DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[6]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType(DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType Clone() {
+      return new DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class CustomOptionMinIntegerValues : pb::IMessage<CustomOptionMinIntegerValues> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionMinIntegerValues> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionMinIntegerValues>(() => new CustomOptionMinIntegerValues());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionMinIntegerValues> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[7]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionMinIntegerValues() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionMinIntegerValues(CustomOptionMinIntegerValues other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionMinIntegerValues Clone() {
+      return new CustomOptionMinIntegerValues(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as CustomOptionMinIntegerValues);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(CustomOptionMinIntegerValues other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(CustomOptionMinIntegerValues other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues : pb::IMessage<CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues>(() => new CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[8]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues(CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues Clone() {
+      return new CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class CustomOptionOtherValues : pb::IMessage<CustomOptionOtherValues> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionOtherValues> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionOtherValues>(() => new CustomOptionOtherValues());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<CustomOptionOtherValues> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[9]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionOtherValues() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionOtherValues(CustomOptionOtherValues other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CustomOptionOtherValues Clone() {
+      return new CustomOptionOtherValues(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as CustomOptionOtherValues);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(CustomOptionOtherValues other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(CustomOptionOtherValues other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class SettingRealsFromPositiveInts : pb::IMessage<SettingRealsFromPositiveInts> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<SettingRealsFromPositiveInts> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<SettingRealsFromPositiveInts>(() => new SettingRealsFromPositiveInts());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<SettingRealsFromPositiveInts> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[10]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SettingRealsFromPositiveInts() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SettingRealsFromPositiveInts(SettingRealsFromPositiveInts other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SettingRealsFromPositiveInts Clone() {
+      return new SettingRealsFromPositiveInts(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as SettingRealsFromPositiveInts);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(SettingRealsFromPositiveInts other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(SettingRealsFromPositiveInts other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class SettingRealsFromNegativeInts : pb::IMessage<SettingRealsFromNegativeInts> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<SettingRealsFromNegativeInts> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<SettingRealsFromNegativeInts>(() => new SettingRealsFromNegativeInts());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<SettingRealsFromNegativeInts> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[11]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SettingRealsFromNegativeInts() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SettingRealsFromNegativeInts(SettingRealsFromNegativeInts other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SettingRealsFromNegativeInts Clone() {
+      return new SettingRealsFromNegativeInts(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as SettingRealsFromNegativeInts);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(SettingRealsFromNegativeInts other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(SettingRealsFromNegativeInts other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class ComplexOptionType1 : pb::IMessage<ComplexOptionType1> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ComplexOptionType1> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ComplexOptionType1>(() => new ComplexOptionType1());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ComplexOptionType1> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[12]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ComplexOptionType1() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ComplexOptionType1(ComplexOptionType1 other) : this() {
+      foo_ = other.foo_;
+      foo2_ = other.foo2_;
+      foo3_ = other.foo3_;
+      foo4_ = other.foo4_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ComplexOptionType1 Clone() {
+      return new ComplexOptionType1(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooFieldNumber = 1;
+    private int foo_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Foo {
+      get { return foo_; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo2" field.</summary>
+    public const int Foo2FieldNumber = 2;
+    private int foo2_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Foo2 {
+      get { return foo2_; }
+      set {
+        foo2_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo3" field.</summary>
+    public const int Foo3FieldNumber = 3;
+    private int foo3_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Foo3 {
+      get { return foo3_; }
+      set {
+        foo3_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo4" field.</summary>
+    public const int Foo4FieldNumber = 4;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_foo4_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(34);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> foo4_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> Foo4 {
+      get { return foo4_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ComplexOptionType1);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ComplexOptionType1 other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Foo != other.Foo) return false;
+      if (Foo2 != other.Foo2) return false;
+      if (Foo3 != other.Foo3) return false;
+      if(!foo4_.Equals(other.foo4_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Foo != 0) hash ^= Foo.GetHashCode();
+      if (Foo2 != 0) hash ^= Foo2.GetHashCode();
+      if (Foo3 != 0) hash ^= Foo3.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= foo4_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Foo != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(Foo);
+      }
+      if (Foo2 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(Foo2);
+      }
+      if (Foo3 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteInt32(Foo3);
+      }
+      foo4_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_foo4_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Foo != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Foo);
+      }
+      if (Foo2 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Foo2);
+      }
+      if (Foo3 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Foo3);
+      }
+      size += foo4_.CalculateSize(_repeated_foo4_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ComplexOptionType1 other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Foo != 0) {
+        Foo = other.Foo;
+      }
+      if (other.Foo2 != 0) {
+        Foo2 = other.Foo2;
+      }
+      if (other.Foo3 != 0) {
+        Foo3 = other.Foo3;
+      }
+      foo4_.Add(other.foo4_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Foo = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Foo2 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            Foo3 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34:
+          case 32: {
+            foo4_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_foo4_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class ComplexOptionType2 : pb::IMessage<ComplexOptionType2> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ComplexOptionType2> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ComplexOptionType2>(() => new ComplexOptionType2());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ComplexOptionType2> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[13]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ComplexOptionType2() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ComplexOptionType2(ComplexOptionType2 other) : this() {
+      bar_ = other.bar_ != null ? other.bar_.Clone() : null;
+      baz_ = other.baz_;
+      fred_ = other.fred_ != null ? other.fred_.Clone() : null;
+      barney_ = other.barney_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ComplexOptionType2 Clone() {
+      return new ComplexOptionType2(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bar" field.</summary>
+    public const int BarFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType1 bar_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType1 Bar {
+      get { return bar_; }
+      set {
+        bar_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "baz" field.</summary>
+    public const int BazFieldNumber = 2;
+    private int baz_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Baz {
+      get { return baz_; }
+      set {
+        baz_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "fred" field.</summary>
+    public const int FredFieldNumber = 3;
+    private global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4 fred_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4 Fred {
+      get { return fred_; }
+      set {
+        fred_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "barney" field.</summary>
+    public const int BarneyFieldNumber = 4;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4> _repeated_barney_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(34, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4> barney_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4> Barney {
+      get { return barney_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ComplexOptionType2);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ComplexOptionType2 other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(Bar, other.Bar)) return false;
+      if (Baz != other.Baz) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Fred, other.Fred)) return false;
+      if(!barney_.Equals(other.barney_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (bar_ != null) hash ^= Bar.GetHashCode();
+      if (Baz != 0) hash ^= Baz.GetHashCode();
+      if (fred_ != null) hash ^= Fred.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= barney_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (bar_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(Bar);
+      }
+      if (Baz != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(Baz);
+      }
+      if (fred_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteMessage(Fred);
+      }
+      barney_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_barney_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (bar_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Bar);
+      }
+      if (Baz != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Baz);
+      }
+      if (fred_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Fred);
+      }
+      size += barney_.CalculateSize(_repeated_barney_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ComplexOptionType2 other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.bar_ != null) {
+        if (bar_ == null) {
+          Bar = new global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType1();
+        }
+        Bar.MergeFrom(other.Bar);
+      }
+      if (other.Baz != 0) {
+        Baz = other.Baz;
+      }
+      if (other.fred_ != null) {
+        if (fred_ == null) {
+          Fred = new global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4();
+        }
+        Fred.MergeFrom(other.Fred);
+      }
+      barney_.Add(other.barney_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (bar_ == null) {
+              Bar = new global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType1();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Bar);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Baz = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            if (fred_ == null) {
+              Fred = new global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Fred);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            barney_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_barney_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the ComplexOptionType2 message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class ComplexOptionType4 : pb::IMessage<ComplexOptionType4> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ComplexOptionType4> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ComplexOptionType4>(() => new ComplexOptionType4());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<ComplexOptionType4> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public ComplexOptionType4() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public ComplexOptionType4(ComplexOptionType4 other) : this() {
+          waldo_ = other.waldo_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public ComplexOptionType4 Clone() {
+          return new ComplexOptionType4(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "waldo" field.</summary>
+        public const int WaldoFieldNumber = 1;
+        private int waldo_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int Waldo {
+          get { return waldo_; }
+          set {
+            waldo_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as ComplexOptionType4);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(ComplexOptionType4 other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (Waldo != other.Waldo) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (Waldo != 0) hash ^= Waldo.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (Waldo != 0) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(Waldo);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (Waldo != 0) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Waldo);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(ComplexOptionType4 other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.Waldo != 0) {
+            Waldo = other.Waldo;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                Waldo = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        #region Extensions
+        /// <summary>Container for extensions for other messages declared in the ComplexOptionType4 message type.</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static partial class Extensions {
+          public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4> ComplexOpt4 =
+            new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4>(7633546, pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(61068370, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types.ComplexOptionType4.Parser));
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class ComplexOptionType3 : pb::IMessage<ComplexOptionType3> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ComplexOptionType3> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ComplexOptionType3>(() => new ComplexOptionType3());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ComplexOptionType3> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[14]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ComplexOptionType3() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ComplexOptionType3(ComplexOptionType3 other) : this() {
+      qux_ = other.qux_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ComplexOptionType3 Clone() {
+      return new ComplexOptionType3(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "qux" field.</summary>
+    public const int QuxFieldNumber = 1;
+    private int qux_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Qux {
+      get { return qux_; }
+      set {
+        qux_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ComplexOptionType3);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ComplexOptionType3 other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Qux != other.Qux) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Qux != 0) hash ^= Qux.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Qux != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(Qux);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Qux != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Qux);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ComplexOptionType3 other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Qux != 0) {
+        Qux = other.Qux;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Qux = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Note that we try various different ways of naming the same extension.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class VariousComplexOptions : pb::IMessage<VariousComplexOptions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<VariousComplexOptions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<VariousComplexOptions>(() => new VariousComplexOptions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<VariousComplexOptions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[15]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public VariousComplexOptions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public VariousComplexOptions(VariousComplexOptions other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public VariousComplexOptions Clone() {
+      return new VariousComplexOptions(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as VariousComplexOptions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(VariousComplexOptions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(VariousComplexOptions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// A helper type used to test aggregate option parsing
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Aggregate : pb::IMessage<Aggregate> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Aggregate> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Aggregate>(() => new Aggregate());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Aggregate> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[16]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Aggregate() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Aggregate(Aggregate other) : this() {
+      i_ = other.i_;
+      s_ = other.s_;
+      sub_ = other.sub_ != null ? other.sub_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Aggregate Clone() {
+      return new Aggregate(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "i" field.</summary>
+    public const int IFieldNumber = 1;
+    private int i_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int I {
+      get { return i_; }
+      set {
+        i_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "s" field.</summary>
+    public const int SFieldNumber = 2;
+    private string s_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string S {
+      get { return s_; }
+      set {
+        s_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "sub" field.</summary>
+    public const int SubFieldNumber = 3;
+    private global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate sub_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A nested object
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate Sub {
+      get { return sub_; }
+      set {
+        sub_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Aggregate);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Aggregate other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (I != other.I) return false;
+      if (S != other.S) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Sub, other.Sub)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (I != 0) hash ^= I.GetHashCode();
+      if (S.Length != 0) hash ^= S.GetHashCode();
+      if (sub_ != null) hash ^= Sub.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (I != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(I);
+      }
+      if (S.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(S);
+      }
+      if (sub_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteMessage(Sub);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (I != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(I);
+      }
+      if (S.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(S);
+      }
+      if (sub_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Sub);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Aggregate other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.I != 0) {
+        I = other.I;
+      }
+      if (other.S.Length != 0) {
+        S = other.S;
+      }
+      if (other.sub_ != null) {
+        if (sub_ == null) {
+          Sub = new global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate();
+        }
+        Sub.MergeFrom(other.Sub);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            I = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            S = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            if (sub_ == null) {
+              Sub = new global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Aggregate();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Sub);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class AggregateMessage : pb::IMessage<AggregateMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<AggregateMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<AggregateMessage>(() => new AggregateMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<AggregateMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[17]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public AggregateMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public AggregateMessage(AggregateMessage other) : this() {
+      fieldname_ = other.fieldname_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public AggregateMessage Clone() {
+      return new AggregateMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "fieldname" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldnameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private int fieldname_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Fieldname {
+      get { return fieldname_; }
+      set {
+        fieldname_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as AggregateMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(AggregateMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Fieldname != other.Fieldname) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Fieldname != 0) hash ^= Fieldname.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Fieldname != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(Fieldname);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Fieldname != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Fieldname);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(AggregateMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Fieldname != 0) {
+        Fieldname = other.Fieldname;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Fieldname = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test custom options for nested type.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class NestedOptionType : pb::IMessage<NestedOptionType> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedOptionType> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedOptionType>(() => new NestedOptionType());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<NestedOptionType> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[18]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public NestedOptionType() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public NestedOptionType(NestedOptionType other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public NestedOptionType Clone() {
+      return new NestedOptionType(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as NestedOptionType);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(NestedOptionType other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(NestedOptionType other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the NestedOptionType message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public enum NestedEnum {
+        [pbr::OriginalName("UNSPECIFIED")] Unspecified = 0,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("NESTED_ENUM_VALUE")] Value = 1,
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class NestedMessage : pb::IMessage<NestedMessage> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage>(() => new NestedMessage());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NestedOptionType.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage(NestedMessage other) : this() {
+          nestedField_ = other.nestedField_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage Clone() {
+          return new NestedMessage(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "nested_field" field.</summary>
+        public const int NestedFieldFieldNumber = 1;
+        private int nestedField_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int NestedField {
+          get { return nestedField_; }
+          set {
+            nestedField_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as NestedMessage);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (NestedField != other.NestedField) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (NestedField != 0) hash ^= NestedField.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (NestedField != 0) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(NestedField);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (NestedField != 0) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(NestedField);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.NestedField != 0) {
+            NestedField = other.NestedField;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                NestedField = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImport.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImport.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5f858931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImport.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: unittest_import.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2 {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from unittest_import.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestImportReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for unittest_import.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static UnittestImportReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "ChV1bml0dGVzdF9pbXBvcnQucHJvdG8SH3Byb3RvYnVmX3VuaXR0ZXN0X2lt",
+            "cG9ydF9wcm90bzIaHHVuaXR0ZXN0X2ltcG9ydF9wdWJsaWMucHJvdG8iGgoN",
+            "SW1wb3J0TWVzc2FnZRIJCgFkGAEgASgFKjwKCkltcG9ydEVudW0SDgoKSU1Q",
+            "T1JUX0ZPTxAHEg4KCklNUE9SVF9CQVIQCBIOCgpJTVBPUlRfQkFaEAkqMQoQ",
+            "SW1wb3J0RW51bUZvck1hcBILCgdVTktOT1dOEAASBwoDRk9PEAESBwoDQkFS",
+            "EAJCKUgB+AEBqgIhR29vZ2xlLlByb3RvYnVmLlRlc3RQcm90b3MuUHJvdG8y",
+            "UAA="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestImportPublicReflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(new[] {typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnum), typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportEnumForMap), }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.ImportMessage.Parser, new[]{ "D" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Enums
+  public enum ImportEnum {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("IMPORT_FOO")] ImportFoo = 7,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("IMPORT_BAR")] ImportBar = 8,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("IMPORT_BAZ")] ImportBaz = 9,
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// To use an enum in a map, it must has the first value as 0.
+  /// </summary>
+  public enum ImportEnumForMap {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("UNKNOWN")] Unknown = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOO")] Foo = 1,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("BAR")] Bar = 2,
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+  #region Messages
+  public sealed partial class ImportMessage : pb::IMessage<ImportMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ImportMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ImportMessage>(() => new ImportMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ImportMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestImportReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ImportMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ImportMessage(ImportMessage other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      d_ = other.d_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ImportMessage Clone() {
+      return new ImportMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "d" field.</summary>
+    public const int DFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int DDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int d_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int D {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return d_; } else { return DDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        d_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "d" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasD {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "d" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearD() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ImportMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ImportMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (D != other.D) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasD) hash ^= D.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasD) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(D);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasD) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(D);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ImportMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasD) {
+        D = other.D;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            D = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImportProto3.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImportProto3.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19a1a3463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImportProto3.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: unittest_import_proto3.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.TestProtos {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from unittest_import_proto3.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestImportProto3Reflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for unittest_import_proto3.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static UnittestImportProto3Reflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Chx1bml0dGVzdF9pbXBvcnRfcHJvdG8zLnByb3RvEhhwcm90b2J1Zl91bml0",
+            "dGVzdF9pbXBvcnQaI3VuaXR0ZXN0X2ltcG9ydF9wdWJsaWNfcHJvdG8zLnBy",
+            "b3RvIhoKDUltcG9ydE1lc3NhZ2USCQoBZBgBIAEoBSpZCgpJbXBvcnRFbnVt",
+            "EhsKF0lNUE9SVF9FTlVNX1VOU1BFQ0lGSUVEEAASDgoKSU1QT1JUX0ZPTxAH",
+            "Eg4KCklNUE9SVF9CQVIQCBIOCgpJTVBPUlRfQkFaEAlCHaoCGkdvb2dsZS5Q",
+            "cm90b2J1Zi5UZXN0UHJvdG9zUABiBnByb3RvMw=="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestImportPublicProto3Reflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(new[] {typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportEnum), }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportMessage.Parser, new[]{ "D" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Enums
+  public enum ImportEnum {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("IMPORT_ENUM_UNSPECIFIED")] Unspecified = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("IMPORT_FOO")] ImportFoo = 7,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("IMPORT_BAR")] ImportBar = 8,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("IMPORT_BAZ")] ImportBaz = 9,
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+  #region Messages
+  public sealed partial class ImportMessage : pb::IMessage<ImportMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ImportMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ImportMessage>(() => new ImportMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ImportMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestImportProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ImportMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ImportMessage(ImportMessage other) : this() {
+      d_ = other.d_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ImportMessage Clone() {
+      return new ImportMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "d" field.</summary>
+    public const int DFieldNumber = 1;
+    private int d_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int D {
+      get { return d_; }
+      set {
+        d_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ImportMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ImportMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (D != other.D) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (D != 0) hash ^= D.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (D != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(D);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (D != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(D);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ImportMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.D != 0) {
+        D = other.D;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            D = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImportPublic.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImportPublic.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77f212176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImportPublic.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: unittest_import_public.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2 {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from unittest_import_public.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestImportPublicReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for unittest_import_public.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static UnittestImportPublicReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Chx1bml0dGVzdF9pbXBvcnRfcHVibGljLnByb3RvEh9wcm90b2J1Zl91bml0",
+            "dGVzdF9pbXBvcnRfcHJvdG8yIiAKE1B1YmxpY0ltcG9ydE1lc3NhZ2USCQoB",
+            "ZRgBIAEoBUIkqgIhR29vZ2xlLlByb3RvYnVmLlRlc3RQcm90b3MuUHJvdG8y"));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.PublicImportMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.PublicImportMessage.Parser, new[]{ "E" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  public sealed partial class PublicImportMessage : pb::IMessage<PublicImportMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<PublicImportMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<PublicImportMessage>(() => new PublicImportMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<PublicImportMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestImportPublicReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public PublicImportMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public PublicImportMessage(PublicImportMessage other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      e_ = other.e_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public PublicImportMessage Clone() {
+      return new PublicImportMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "e" field.</summary>
+    public const int EFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static int EDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int e_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int E {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return e_; } else { return EDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        e_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "e" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasE {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "e" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearE() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as PublicImportMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(PublicImportMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (E != other.E) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasE) hash ^= E.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasE) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(E);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasE) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(E);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(PublicImportMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasE) {
+        E = other.E;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            E = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImportPublicProto3.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImportPublicProto3.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a45565546
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestImportPublicProto3.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: unittest_import_public_proto3.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.TestProtos {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from unittest_import_public_proto3.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestImportPublicProto3Reflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for unittest_import_public_proto3.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static UnittestImportPublicProto3Reflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "CiN1bml0dGVzdF9pbXBvcnRfcHVibGljX3Byb3RvMy5wcm90bxIYcHJvdG9i",
+            "dWZfdW5pdHRlc3RfaW1wb3J0IiAKE1B1YmxpY0ltcG9ydE1lc3NhZ2USCQoB",
+            "ZRgBIAEoBUIdqgIaR29vZ2xlLlByb3RvYnVmLlRlc3RQcm90b3NiBnByb3Rv",
+            "Mw=="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.PublicImportMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.PublicImportMessage.Parser, new[]{ "E" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  public sealed partial class PublicImportMessage : pb::IMessage<PublicImportMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<PublicImportMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<PublicImportMessage>(() => new PublicImportMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<PublicImportMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestImportPublicProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public PublicImportMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public PublicImportMessage(PublicImportMessage other) : this() {
+      e_ = other.e_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public PublicImportMessage Clone() {
+      return new PublicImportMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "e" field.</summary>
+    public const int EFieldNumber = 1;
+    private int e_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int E {
+      get { return e_; }
+      set {
+        e_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as PublicImportMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(PublicImportMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (E != other.E) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (E != 0) hash ^= E.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (E != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(E);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (E != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(E);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(PublicImportMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.E != 0) {
+        E = other.E;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            E = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssue6936A.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssue6936A.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56fde4f00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssue6936A.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: unittest_issue6936_a.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from unittest_issue6936_a.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestIssue6936AReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for unittest_issue6936_a.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static UnittestIssue6936AReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Chp1bml0dGVzdF9pc3N1ZTY5MzZfYS5wcm90bxIPdW5pdHRlc3RfaXNzdWVz",
+            "GiBnb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvZGVzY3JpcHRvci5wcm90bzouCgNvcHQSHy5n",
+            "b29nbGUucHJvdG9idWYuTWVzc2FnZU9wdGlvbnMY0IYDIAEoCUIdqgIaVW5p",
+            "dFRlc3QuSXNzdWVzLlRlc3RQcm90b3NiBnByb3RvMw=="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, new pb::Extension[] { UnittestIssue6936AExtensions.Opt }, null));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  /// <summary>Holder for extension identifiers generated from the top level of unittest_issue6936_a.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestIssue6936AExtensions {
+    public static readonly pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, string> Opt =
+      new pb::Extension<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions, string>(50000, pb::FieldCodec.ForString(400002, ""));
+  }
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssue6936B.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssue6936B.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b816f739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssue6936B.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: unittest_issue6936_b.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from unittest_issue6936_b.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestIssue6936BReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for unittest_issue6936_b.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static UnittestIssue6936BReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Chp1bml0dGVzdF9pc3N1ZTY5MzZfYi5wcm90bxIPdW5pdHRlc3RfaXNzdWVz",
+            "Ghp1bml0dGVzdF9pc3N1ZTY5MzZfYS5wcm90byIOCgNGb286B4K1GANmb29C",
+            "HaoCGlVuaXRUZXN0Lklzc3Vlcy5UZXN0UHJvdG9zYgZwcm90bzM="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestIssue6936AReflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Foo), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Foo.Parser, null, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  public sealed partial class Foo : pb::IMessage<Foo> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Foo> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Foo>(() => new Foo());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Foo> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestIssue6936BReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Foo() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Foo(Foo other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Foo Clone() {
+      return new Foo(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Foo);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Foo other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Foo other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssue6936C.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssue6936C.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8a73f6cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssue6936C.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: unittest_issue6936_c.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from unittest_issue6936_c.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestIssue6936CReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for unittest_issue6936_c.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static UnittestIssue6936CReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Chp1bml0dGVzdF9pc3N1ZTY5MzZfYy5wcm90bxIPdW5pdHRlc3RfaXNzdWVz",
+            "Ghp1bml0dGVzdF9pc3N1ZTY5MzZfYS5wcm90bxoadW5pdHRlc3RfaXNzdWU2",
+            "OTM2X2IucHJvdG8iMQoDQmFyEiEKA2ZvbxgBIAEoCzIULnVuaXR0ZXN0X2lz",
+            "c3Vlcy5Gb286B4K1GANiYXJCHaoCGlVuaXRUZXN0Lklzc3Vlcy5UZXN0UHJv",
+            "dG9zYgZwcm90bzM="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestIssue6936AReflection.Descriptor, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestIssue6936BReflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Bar), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Bar.Parser, new[]{ "Foo" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  public sealed partial class Bar : pb::IMessage<Bar> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Bar> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Bar>(() => new Bar());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Bar> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestIssue6936CReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Bar() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Bar(Bar other) : this() {
+      foo_ = other.foo_ != null ? other.foo_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Bar Clone() {
+      return new Bar(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Foo foo_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Foo Foo {
+      get { return foo_; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Bar);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Bar other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(Foo, other.Foo)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (foo_ != null) hash ^= Foo.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (foo_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(Foo);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (foo_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Foo);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Bar other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.foo_ != null) {
+        if (foo_ == null) {
+          Foo = new global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Foo();
+        }
+        Foo.MergeFrom(other.Foo);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (foo_ == null) {
+              Foo = new global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Foo();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Foo);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssues.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssues.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3f40c6a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestIssues.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,2239 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: unittest_issues.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from unittest_issues.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestIssuesReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for unittest_issues.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static UnittestIssuesReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "ChV1bml0dGVzdF9pc3N1ZXMucHJvdG8SD3VuaXR0ZXN0X2lzc3VlcyInCghJ",
+            "c3N1ZTMwNxobCgpOZXN0ZWRPbmNlGg0KC05lc3RlZFR3aWNlIrABChNOZWdh",
+            "dGl2ZUVudW1NZXNzYWdlEiwKBXZhbHVlGAEgASgOMh0udW5pdHRlc3RfaXNz",
+            "dWVzLk5lZ2F0aXZlRW51bRIxCgZ2YWx1ZXMYAiADKA4yHS51bml0dGVzdF9p",
+            "c3N1ZXMuTmVnYXRpdmVFbnVtQgIQABI4Cg1wYWNrZWRfdmFsdWVzGAMgAygO",
+            "Mh0udW5pdHRlc3RfaXNzdWVzLk5lZ2F0aXZlRW51bUICEAEiEQoPRGVwcmVj",
+            "YXRlZENoaWxkIrkCChdEZXByZWNhdGVkRmllbGRzTWVzc2FnZRIaCg5Qcmlt",
+            "aXRpdmVWYWx1ZRgBIAEoBUICGAESGgoOUHJpbWl0aXZlQXJyYXkYAiADKAVC",
+            "AhgBEjoKDE1lc3NhZ2VWYWx1ZRgDIAEoCzIgLnVuaXR0ZXN0X2lzc3Vlcy5E",
+            "ZXByZWNhdGVkQ2hpbGRCAhgBEjoKDE1lc3NhZ2VBcnJheRgEIAMoCzIgLnVu",
+            "aXR0ZXN0X2lzc3Vlcy5EZXByZWNhdGVkQ2hpbGRCAhgBEjYKCUVudW1WYWx1",
+            "ZRgFIAEoDjIfLnVuaXR0ZXN0X2lzc3Vlcy5EZXByZWNhdGVkRW51bUICGAES",
+            "NgoJRW51bUFycmF5GAYgAygOMh8udW5pdHRlc3RfaXNzdWVzLkRlcHJlY2F0",
+            "ZWRFbnVtQgIYASIZCglJdGVtRmllbGQSDAoEaXRlbRgBIAEoBSJECg1SZXNl",
+            "cnZlZE5hbWVzEg0KBXR5cGVzGAEgASgFEhIKCmRlc2NyaXB0b3IYAiABKAUa",
+            "EAoOU29tZU5lc3RlZFR5cGUioAEKFVRlc3RKc29uRmllbGRPcmRlcmluZxIT",
+            "CgtwbGFpbl9pbnQzMhgEIAEoBRITCglvMV9zdHJpbmcYAiABKAlIABISCghv",
+            "MV9pbnQzMhgFIAEoBUgAEhQKDHBsYWluX3N0cmluZxgBIAEoCRISCghvMl9p",
+            "bnQzMhgGIAEoBUgBEhMKCW8yX3N0cmluZxgDIAEoCUgBQgQKAm8xQgQKAm8y",
+            "IksKDFRlc3RKc29uTmFtZRIMCgRuYW1lGAEgASgJEhkKC2Rlc2NyaXB0aW9u",
+            "GAIgASgJUgRkZXNjEhIKBGd1aWQYAyABKAlSBGV4aWQifwoMT25lb2ZNZXJn",
+            "aW5nEg4KBHRleHQYASABKAlIABI2CgZuZXN0ZWQYAiABKAsyJC51bml0dGVz",
+            "dF9pc3N1ZXMuT25lb2ZNZXJnaW5nLk5lc3RlZEgAGh4KBk5lc3RlZBIJCgF4",
+            "GAEgASgFEgkKAXkYAiABKAVCBwoFdmFsdWUqVQoMTmVnYXRpdmVFbnVtEhYK",
+            "Ek5FR0FUSVZFX0VOVU1fWkVSTxAAEhYKCUZpdmVCZWxvdxD7//////////8B",
+            "EhUKCE1pbnVzT25lEP///////////wEqLgoORGVwcmVjYXRlZEVudW0SEwoP",
+            "REVQUkVDQVRFRF9aRVJPEAASBwoDb25lEAFCHaoCGlVuaXRUZXN0Lklzc3Vl",
+            "cy5UZXN0UHJvdG9zYgZwcm90bzM="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(new[] {typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum), typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedEnum), }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Issue307), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Issue307.Parser, null, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Issue307.Types.NestedOnce), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Issue307.Types.NestedOnce.Parser, null, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Issue307.Types.NestedOnce.Types.NestedTwice), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Issue307.Types.NestedOnce.Types.NestedTwice.Parser, null, null, null, null, null)})}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnumMessage), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnumMessage.Parser, new[]{ "Value", "Values", "PackedValues" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedChild), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedChild.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedFieldsMessage), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedFieldsMessage.Parser, new[]{ "PrimitiveValue", "PrimitiveArray", "MessageValue", "MessageArray", "EnumValue", "EnumArray" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ItemField), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ItemField.Parser, new[]{ "Item" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ReservedNames), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ReservedNames.Parser, new[]{ "Types_", "Descriptor_" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ReservedNames.Types.SomeNestedType), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ReservedNames.Types.SomeNestedType.Parser, null, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.TestJsonFieldOrdering), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.TestJsonFieldOrdering.Parser, new[]{ "PlainInt32", "O1String", "O1Int32", "PlainString", "O2Int32", "O2String" }, new[]{ "O1", "O2" }, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.TestJsonName), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.TestJsonName.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Description", "Guid" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.OneofMerging), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.OneofMerging.Parser, new[]{ "Text", "Nested" }, new[]{ "Value" }, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.OneofMerging.Types.Nested), global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.OneofMerging.Types.Nested.Parser, new[]{ "X", "Y" }, null, null, null, null)})
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Enums
+  public enum NegativeEnum {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("NEGATIVE_ENUM_ZERO")] Zero = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FiveBelow")] FiveBelow = -5,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("MinusOne")] MinusOne = -1,
+  }
+
+  public enum DeprecatedEnum {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("DEPRECATED_ZERO")] DeprecatedZero = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("one")] One = 1,
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Issue 307: when generating doubly-nested types, any references
+  /// should be of the form A.Types.B.Types.C.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Issue307 : pb::IMessage<Issue307> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Issue307> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Issue307>(() => new Issue307());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Issue307> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestIssuesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Issue307() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Issue307(Issue307 other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Issue307 Clone() {
+      return new Issue307(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Issue307);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Issue307 other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Issue307 other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the Issue307 message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class NestedOnce : pb::IMessage<NestedOnce> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedOnce> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedOnce>(() => new NestedOnce());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<NestedOnce> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Issue307.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedOnce() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedOnce(NestedOnce other) : this() {
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedOnce Clone() {
+          return new NestedOnce(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as NestedOnce);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(NestedOnce other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(NestedOnce other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        #region Nested types
+        /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the NestedOnce message type.</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static partial class Types {
+          public sealed partial class NestedTwice : pb::IMessage<NestedTwice> {
+            private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedTwice> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedTwice>(() => new NestedTwice());
+            private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public static pb::MessageParser<NestedTwice> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+              get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.Issue307.Types.NestedOnce.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+              get { return Descriptor; }
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public NestedTwice() {
+              OnConstruction();
+            }
+
+            partial void OnConstruction();
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public NestedTwice(NestedTwice other) : this() {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public NestedTwice Clone() {
+              return new NestedTwice(this);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public override bool Equals(object other) {
+              return Equals(other as NestedTwice);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public bool Equals(NestedTwice other) {
+              if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+                return false;
+              }
+              if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+                return true;
+              }
+              return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public override int GetHashCode() {
+              int hash = 1;
+              if (_unknownFields != null) {
+                hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+              }
+              return hash;
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public override string ToString() {
+              return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+              if (_unknownFields != null) {
+                _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+              }
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public int CalculateSize() {
+              int size = 0;
+              if (_unknownFields != null) {
+                size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+              }
+              return size;
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void MergeFrom(NestedTwice other) {
+              if (other == null) {
+                return;
+              }
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+            }
+
+            [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+            public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+              uint tag;
+              while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+                switch(tag) {
+                  default:
+                    _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                    break;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+
+          }
+
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class NegativeEnumMessage : pb::IMessage<NegativeEnumMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NegativeEnumMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NegativeEnumMessage>(() => new NegativeEnumMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<NegativeEnumMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestIssuesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public NegativeEnumMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public NegativeEnumMessage(NegativeEnumMessage other) : this() {
+      value_ = other.value_;
+      values_ = other.values_.Clone();
+      packedValues_ = other.packedValues_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public NegativeEnumMessage Clone() {
+      return new NegativeEnumMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum value_ = global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum.Zero;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum Value {
+      get { return value_; }
+      set {
+        value_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "values" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValuesFieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum> _repeated_values_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(16, x => (int) x, x => (global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum> values_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum> Values {
+      get { return values_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_values" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedValuesFieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum> _repeated_packedValues_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(26, x => (int) x, x => (global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum> packedValues_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum> PackedValues {
+      get { return packedValues_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as NegativeEnumMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(NegativeEnumMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Value != other.Value) return false;
+      if(!values_.Equals(other.values_)) return false;
+      if(!packedValues_.Equals(other.packedValues_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Value != global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum.Zero) hash ^= Value.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= values_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedValues_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Value != global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum.Zero) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) Value);
+      }
+      values_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_values_codec);
+      packedValues_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedValues_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Value != global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum.Zero) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) Value);
+      }
+      size += values_.CalculateSize(_repeated_values_codec);
+      size += packedValues_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedValues_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(NegativeEnumMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Value != global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum.Zero) {
+        Value = other.Value;
+      }
+      values_.Add(other.values_);
+      packedValues_.Add(other.packedValues_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Value = (global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.NegativeEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18:
+          case 16: {
+            values_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_values_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26:
+          case 24: {
+            packedValues_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedValues_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class DeprecatedChild : pb::IMessage<DeprecatedChild> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<DeprecatedChild> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<DeprecatedChild>(() => new DeprecatedChild());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<DeprecatedChild> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestIssuesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[2]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DeprecatedChild() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DeprecatedChild(DeprecatedChild other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DeprecatedChild Clone() {
+      return new DeprecatedChild(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as DeprecatedChild);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(DeprecatedChild other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(DeprecatedChild other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class DeprecatedFieldsMessage : pb::IMessage<DeprecatedFieldsMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<DeprecatedFieldsMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<DeprecatedFieldsMessage>(() => new DeprecatedFieldsMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<DeprecatedFieldsMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestIssuesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[3]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DeprecatedFieldsMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DeprecatedFieldsMessage(DeprecatedFieldsMessage other) : this() {
+      primitiveValue_ = other.primitiveValue_;
+      primitiveArray_ = other.primitiveArray_.Clone();
+      messageValue_ = other.messageValue_ != null ? other.messageValue_.Clone() : null;
+      messageArray_ = other.messageArray_.Clone();
+      enumValue_ = other.enumValue_;
+      enumArray_ = other.enumArray_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DeprecatedFieldsMessage Clone() {
+      return new DeprecatedFieldsMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "PrimitiveValue" field.</summary>
+    public const int PrimitiveValueFieldNumber = 1;
+    private int primitiveValue_;
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int PrimitiveValue {
+      get { return primitiveValue_; }
+      set {
+        primitiveValue_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "PrimitiveArray" field.</summary>
+    public const int PrimitiveArrayFieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_primitiveArray_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(18);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> primitiveArray_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PrimitiveArray {
+      get { return primitiveArray_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "MessageValue" field.</summary>
+    public const int MessageValueFieldNumber = 3;
+    private global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedChild messageValue_;
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedChild MessageValue {
+      get { return messageValue_; }
+      set {
+        messageValue_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "MessageArray" field.</summary>
+    public const int MessageArrayFieldNumber = 4;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedChild> _repeated_messageArray_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(34, global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedChild.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedChild> messageArray_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedChild>();
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedChild> MessageArray {
+      get { return messageArray_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "EnumValue" field.</summary>
+    public const int EnumValueFieldNumber = 5;
+    private global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedEnum enumValue_ = global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedEnum.DeprecatedZero;
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedEnum EnumValue {
+      get { return enumValue_; }
+      set {
+        enumValue_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "EnumArray" field.</summary>
+    public const int EnumArrayFieldNumber = 6;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedEnum> _repeated_enumArray_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(50, x => (int) x, x => (global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedEnum> enumArray_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedEnum>();
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedEnum> EnumArray {
+      get { return enumArray_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as DeprecatedFieldsMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(DeprecatedFieldsMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (PrimitiveValue != other.PrimitiveValue) return false;
+      if(!primitiveArray_.Equals(other.primitiveArray_)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(MessageValue, other.MessageValue)) return false;
+      if(!messageArray_.Equals(other.messageArray_)) return false;
+      if (EnumValue != other.EnumValue) return false;
+      if(!enumArray_.Equals(other.enumArray_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (PrimitiveValue != 0) hash ^= PrimitiveValue.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= primitiveArray_.GetHashCode();
+      if (messageValue_ != null) hash ^= MessageValue.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= messageArray_.GetHashCode();
+      if (EnumValue != global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedEnum.DeprecatedZero) hash ^= EnumValue.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= enumArray_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (PrimitiveValue != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(PrimitiveValue);
+      }
+      primitiveArray_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_primitiveArray_codec);
+      if (messageValue_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteMessage(MessageValue);
+      }
+      messageArray_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_messageArray_codec);
+      if (EnumValue != global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedEnum.DeprecatedZero) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) EnumValue);
+      }
+      enumArray_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_enumArray_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (PrimitiveValue != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(PrimitiveValue);
+      }
+      size += primitiveArray_.CalculateSize(_repeated_primitiveArray_codec);
+      if (messageValue_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(MessageValue);
+      }
+      size += messageArray_.CalculateSize(_repeated_messageArray_codec);
+      if (EnumValue != global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedEnum.DeprecatedZero) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) EnumValue);
+      }
+      size += enumArray_.CalculateSize(_repeated_enumArray_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(DeprecatedFieldsMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.PrimitiveValue != 0) {
+        PrimitiveValue = other.PrimitiveValue;
+      }
+      primitiveArray_.Add(other.primitiveArray_);
+      if (other.messageValue_ != null) {
+        if (messageValue_ == null) {
+          MessageValue = new global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedChild();
+        }
+        MessageValue.MergeFrom(other.MessageValue);
+      }
+      messageArray_.Add(other.messageArray_);
+      if (other.EnumValue != global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedEnum.DeprecatedZero) {
+        EnumValue = other.EnumValue;
+      }
+      enumArray_.Add(other.enumArray_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            PrimitiveValue = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18:
+          case 16: {
+            primitiveArray_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_primitiveArray_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            if (messageValue_ == null) {
+              MessageValue = new global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedChild();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(MessageValue);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            messageArray_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_messageArray_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            EnumValue = (global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DeprecatedEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50:
+          case 48: {
+            enumArray_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_enumArray_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Issue 45: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-csharp-port/issues/detail?id=45
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class ItemField : pb::IMessage<ItemField> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ItemField> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ItemField>(() => new ItemField());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ItemField> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestIssuesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[4]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ItemField() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ItemField(ItemField other) : this() {
+      item_ = other.item_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ItemField Clone() {
+      return new ItemField(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "item" field.</summary>
+    public const int ItemFieldNumber = 1;
+    private int item_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Item {
+      get { return item_; }
+      set {
+        item_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ItemField);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ItemField other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Item != other.Item) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Item != 0) hash ^= Item.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Item != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(Item);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Item != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Item);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ItemField other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Item != 0) {
+        Item = other.Item;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Item = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class ReservedNames : pb::IMessage<ReservedNames> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ReservedNames> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ReservedNames>(() => new ReservedNames());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ReservedNames> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestIssuesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[5]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ReservedNames() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ReservedNames(ReservedNames other) : this() {
+      types_ = other.types_;
+      descriptor_ = other.descriptor_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ReservedNames Clone() {
+      return new ReservedNames(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "types" field.</summary>
+    public const int Types_FieldNumber = 1;
+    private int types_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Types_ {
+      get { return types_; }
+      set {
+        types_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "descriptor" field.</summary>
+    public const int Descriptor_FieldNumber = 2;
+    private int descriptor_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Descriptor_ {
+      get { return descriptor_; }
+      set {
+        descriptor_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ReservedNames);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ReservedNames other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Types_ != other.Types_) return false;
+      if (Descriptor_ != other.Descriptor_) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Types_ != 0) hash ^= Types_.GetHashCode();
+      if (Descriptor_ != 0) hash ^= Descriptor_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Types_ != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(Types_);
+      }
+      if (Descriptor_ != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(Descriptor_);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Types_ != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Types_);
+      }
+      if (Descriptor_ != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Descriptor_);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ReservedNames other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Types_ != 0) {
+        Types_ = other.Types_;
+      }
+      if (other.Descriptor_ != 0) {
+        Descriptor_ = other.Descriptor_;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Types_ = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Descriptor_ = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the ReservedNames message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Force a nested type called Types
+      /// </summary>
+      public sealed partial class SomeNestedType : pb::IMessage<SomeNestedType> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<SomeNestedType> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<SomeNestedType>(() => new SomeNestedType());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<SomeNestedType> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ReservedNames.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public SomeNestedType() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public SomeNestedType(SomeNestedType other) : this() {
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public SomeNestedType Clone() {
+          return new SomeNestedType(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as SomeNestedType);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(SomeNestedType other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(SomeNestedType other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// These fields are deliberately not declared in numeric
+  /// order, and the oneof fields aren't contiguous either.
+  /// This allows for reasonably robust tests of JSON output
+  /// ordering.
+  /// TestFieldOrderings in unittest_proto3.proto is similar,
+  /// but doesn't include oneofs.
+  /// TODO: Consider adding oneofs to TestFieldOrderings, although
+  /// that will require fixing other tests in multiple platforms.
+  /// Alternatively, consider just adding this to
+  /// unittest_proto3.proto if multiple platforms want it.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestJsonFieldOrdering : pb::IMessage<TestJsonFieldOrdering> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestJsonFieldOrdering> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestJsonFieldOrdering>(() => new TestJsonFieldOrdering());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestJsonFieldOrdering> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestIssuesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[6]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestJsonFieldOrdering() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestJsonFieldOrdering(TestJsonFieldOrdering other) : this() {
+      plainInt32_ = other.plainInt32_;
+      plainString_ = other.plainString_;
+      switch (other.O1Case) {
+        case O1OneofCase.O1String:
+          O1String = other.O1String;
+          break;
+        case O1OneofCase.O1Int32:
+          O1Int32 = other.O1Int32;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      switch (other.O2Case) {
+        case O2OneofCase.O2Int32:
+          O2Int32 = other.O2Int32;
+          break;
+        case O2OneofCase.O2String:
+          O2String = other.O2String;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestJsonFieldOrdering Clone() {
+      return new TestJsonFieldOrdering(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "plain_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PlainInt32FieldNumber = 4;
+    private int plainInt32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int PlainInt32 {
+      get { return plainInt32_; }
+      set {
+        plainInt32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "o1_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int O1StringFieldNumber = 2;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string O1String {
+      get { return o1Case_ == O1OneofCase.O1String ? (string) o1_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        o1_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        o1Case_ = O1OneofCase.O1String;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "o1_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int O1Int32FieldNumber = 5;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int O1Int32 {
+      get { return o1Case_ == O1OneofCase.O1Int32 ? (int) o1_ : 0; }
+      set {
+        o1_ = value;
+        o1Case_ = O1OneofCase.O1Int32;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "plain_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int PlainStringFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string plainString_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string PlainString {
+      get { return plainString_; }
+      set {
+        plainString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "o2_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int O2Int32FieldNumber = 6;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int O2Int32 {
+      get { return o2Case_ == O2OneofCase.O2Int32 ? (int) o2_ : 0; }
+      set {
+        o2_ = value;
+        o2Case_ = O2OneofCase.O2Int32;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "o2_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int O2StringFieldNumber = 3;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string O2String {
+      get { return o2Case_ == O2OneofCase.O2String ? (string) o2_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        o2_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        o2Case_ = O2OneofCase.O2String;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object o1_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "o1" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum O1OneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      O1String = 2,
+      O1Int32 = 5,
+    }
+    private O1OneofCase o1Case_ = O1OneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public O1OneofCase O1Case {
+      get { return o1Case_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearO1() {
+      o1Case_ = O1OneofCase.None;
+      o1_ = null;
+    }
+
+    private object o2_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "o2" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum O2OneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      O2Int32 = 6,
+      O2String = 3,
+    }
+    private O2OneofCase o2Case_ = O2OneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public O2OneofCase O2Case {
+      get { return o2Case_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearO2() {
+      o2Case_ = O2OneofCase.None;
+      o2_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestJsonFieldOrdering);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestJsonFieldOrdering other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (PlainInt32 != other.PlainInt32) return false;
+      if (O1String != other.O1String) return false;
+      if (O1Int32 != other.O1Int32) return false;
+      if (PlainString != other.PlainString) return false;
+      if (O2Int32 != other.O2Int32) return false;
+      if (O2String != other.O2String) return false;
+      if (O1Case != other.O1Case) return false;
+      if (O2Case != other.O2Case) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (PlainInt32 != 0) hash ^= PlainInt32.GetHashCode();
+      if (o1Case_ == O1OneofCase.O1String) hash ^= O1String.GetHashCode();
+      if (o1Case_ == O1OneofCase.O1Int32) hash ^= O1Int32.GetHashCode();
+      if (PlainString.Length != 0) hash ^= PlainString.GetHashCode();
+      if (o2Case_ == O2OneofCase.O2Int32) hash ^= O2Int32.GetHashCode();
+      if (o2Case_ == O2OneofCase.O2String) hash ^= O2String.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) o1Case_;
+      hash ^= (int) o2Case_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (PlainString.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(PlainString);
+      }
+      if (o1Case_ == O1OneofCase.O1String) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(O1String);
+      }
+      if (o2Case_ == O2OneofCase.O2String) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteString(O2String);
+      }
+      if (PlainInt32 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(32);
+        output.WriteInt32(PlainInt32);
+      }
+      if (o1Case_ == O1OneofCase.O1Int32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteInt32(O1Int32);
+      }
+      if (o2Case_ == O2OneofCase.O2Int32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(48);
+        output.WriteInt32(O2Int32);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (PlainInt32 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(PlainInt32);
+      }
+      if (o1Case_ == O1OneofCase.O1String) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(O1String);
+      }
+      if (o1Case_ == O1OneofCase.O1Int32) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(O1Int32);
+      }
+      if (PlainString.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(PlainString);
+      }
+      if (o2Case_ == O2OneofCase.O2Int32) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(O2Int32);
+      }
+      if (o2Case_ == O2OneofCase.O2String) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(O2String);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestJsonFieldOrdering other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.PlainInt32 != 0) {
+        PlainInt32 = other.PlainInt32;
+      }
+      if (other.PlainString.Length != 0) {
+        PlainString = other.PlainString;
+      }
+      switch (other.O1Case) {
+        case O1OneofCase.O1String:
+          O1String = other.O1String;
+          break;
+        case O1OneofCase.O1Int32:
+          O1Int32 = other.O1Int32;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      switch (other.O2Case) {
+        case O2OneofCase.O2Int32:
+          O2Int32 = other.O2Int32;
+          break;
+        case O2OneofCase.O2String:
+          O2String = other.O2String;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            PlainString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            O1String = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            O2String = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+            PlainInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            O1Int32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 48: {
+            O2Int32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestJsonName : pb::IMessage<TestJsonName> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestJsonName> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestJsonName>(() => new TestJsonName());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestJsonName> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestIssuesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[7]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestJsonName() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestJsonName(TestJsonName other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      description_ = other.description_;
+      guid_ = other.guid_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestJsonName Clone() {
+      return new TestJsonName(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string name_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Message for testing the effects for of the json_name option
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "description" field.</summary>
+    public const int DescriptionFieldNumber = 2;
+    private string description_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Description {
+      get { return description_; }
+      set {
+        description_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "guid" field.</summary>
+    public const int GuidFieldNumber = 3;
+    private string guid_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Guid {
+      get { return guid_; }
+      set {
+        guid_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestJsonName);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestJsonName other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if (Description != other.Description) return false;
+      if (Guid != other.Guid) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      if (Description.Length != 0) hash ^= Description.GetHashCode();
+      if (Guid.Length != 0) hash ^= Guid.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      if (Description.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(Description);
+      }
+      if (Guid.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteString(Guid);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      if (Description.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Description);
+      }
+      if (Guid.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Guid);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestJsonName other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Name.Length != 0) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      if (other.Description.Length != 0) {
+        Description = other.Description;
+      }
+      if (other.Guid.Length != 0) {
+        Guid = other.Guid;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            Description = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            Guid = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Issue 3200: When merging two messages which use the same
+  /// oneof case, which is itself a message type, the submessages should
+  /// be merged.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class OneofMerging : pb::IMessage<OneofMerging> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OneofMerging> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OneofMerging>(() => new OneofMerging());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<OneofMerging> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestIssuesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[8]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofMerging() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofMerging(OneofMerging other) : this() {
+      switch (other.ValueCase) {
+        case ValueOneofCase.Text:
+          Text = other.Text;
+          break;
+        case ValueOneofCase.Nested:
+          Nested = other.Nested.Clone();
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofMerging Clone() {
+      return new OneofMerging(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "text" field.</summary>
+    public const int TextFieldNumber = 1;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Text {
+      get { return valueCase_ == ValueOneofCase.Text ? (string) value_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        value_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        valueCase_ = ValueOneofCase.Text;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "nested" field.</summary>
+    public const int NestedFieldNumber = 2;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.OneofMerging.Types.Nested Nested {
+      get { return valueCase_ == ValueOneofCase.Nested ? (global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.OneofMerging.Types.Nested) value_ : null; }
+      set {
+        value_ = value;
+        valueCase_ = value == null ? ValueOneofCase.None : ValueOneofCase.Nested;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object value_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "value" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum ValueOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      Text = 1,
+      Nested = 2,
+    }
+    private ValueOneofCase valueCase_ = ValueOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ValueOneofCase ValueCase {
+      get { return valueCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearValue() {
+      valueCase_ = ValueOneofCase.None;
+      value_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as OneofMerging);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(OneofMerging other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Text != other.Text) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Nested, other.Nested)) return false;
+      if (ValueCase != other.ValueCase) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (valueCase_ == ValueOneofCase.Text) hash ^= Text.GetHashCode();
+      if (valueCase_ == ValueOneofCase.Nested) hash ^= Nested.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) valueCase_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (valueCase_ == ValueOneofCase.Text) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Text);
+      }
+      if (valueCase_ == ValueOneofCase.Nested) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteMessage(Nested);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (valueCase_ == ValueOneofCase.Text) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Text);
+      }
+      if (valueCase_ == ValueOneofCase.Nested) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Nested);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(OneofMerging other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      switch (other.ValueCase) {
+        case ValueOneofCase.Text:
+          Text = other.Text;
+          break;
+        case ValueOneofCase.Nested:
+          if (Nested == null) {
+            Nested = new global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.OneofMerging.Types.Nested();
+          }
+          Nested.MergeFrom(other.Nested);
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Text = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.OneofMerging.Types.Nested subBuilder = new global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.OneofMerging.Types.Nested();
+            if (valueCase_ == ValueOneofCase.Nested) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(Nested);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            Nested = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the OneofMerging message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class Nested : pb::IMessage<Nested> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Nested> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Nested>(() => new Nested());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<Nested> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.OneofMerging.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Nested() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Nested(Nested other) : this() {
+          x_ = other.x_;
+          y_ = other.y_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Nested Clone() {
+          return new Nested(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "x" field.</summary>
+        public const int XFieldNumber = 1;
+        private int x_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int X {
+          get { return x_; }
+          set {
+            x_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "y" field.</summary>
+        public const int YFieldNumber = 2;
+        private int y_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int Y {
+          get { return y_; }
+          set {
+            y_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as Nested);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(Nested other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (X != other.X) return false;
+          if (Y != other.Y) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (X != 0) hash ^= X.GetHashCode();
+          if (Y != 0) hash ^= Y.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (X != 0) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(X);
+          }
+          if (Y != 0) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(16);
+            output.WriteInt32(Y);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (X != 0) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(X);
+          }
+          if (Y != 0) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Y);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(Nested other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.X != 0) {
+            X = other.X;
+          }
+          if (other.Y != 0) {
+            Y = other.Y;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                X = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 16: {
+                Y = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestProto3.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestProto3.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f489ad74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestProto3.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,7609 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: unittest_proto3.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.TestProtos {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from unittest_proto3.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestProto3Reflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for unittest_proto3.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static UnittestProto3Reflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "ChV1bml0dGVzdF9wcm90bzMucHJvdG8SEnByb3RvYnVmX3VuaXR0ZXN0Mxoc",
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+            "ZWRfbWVzc2FnZRgSIAEoCzIuLnByb3RvYnVmX3VuaXR0ZXN0My5UZXN0QWxs",
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+            "GBMgASgLMiIucHJvdG9idWZfdW5pdHRlc3QzLkZvcmVpZ25NZXNzYWdlEkYK",
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+            "bml0dGVzdF9pbXBvcnQuUHVibGljSW1wb3J0TWVzc2FnZRIWCgxvbmVvZl91",
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+            "RV9DELKxgAYSFQoIU1BBUlNFX0QQ8f//////////ARIVCghTUEFSU0VfRRC0",
+            "3vz///////8BEgwKCFNQQVJTRV9HEAIqHQoLQ29tbWVudEVudW0SDgoKWkVS",
+            "T19WQUxVRRAAMp0BCgtUZXN0U2VydmljZRJGCgNGb28SHi5wcm90b2J1Zl91",
+            "bml0dGVzdDMuRm9vUmVxdWVzdBofLnByb3RvYnVmX3VuaXR0ZXN0My5Gb29S",
+            "ZXNwb25zZRJGCgNCYXISHi5wcm90b2J1Zl91bml0dGVzdDMuQmFyUmVxdWVz",
+            "dBofLnByb3RvYnVmX3VuaXR0ZXN0My5CYXJSZXNwb25zZUIsQg1Vbml0dGVz",
+            "dFByb3RvqgIaR29vZ2xlLlByb3RvYnVmLlRlc3RQcm90b3NiBnByb3RvMw=="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestImportProto3Reflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(new[] {typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum), typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestEnumWithDupValue), typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestSparseEnum), typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.CommentEnum), }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Parser, new[]{ "SingleInt32", "SingleInt64", "SingleUint32", "SingleUint64", "SingleSint32", "SingleSint64", "SingleFixed32", "SingleFixed64", "SingleSfixed32", "SingleSfixed64", "SingleFloat", "SingleDouble", "SingleBool", "SingleString", "SingleBytes", "SingleNestedMessage", "SingleForeignMessage", "SingleImportMessage", "SingleNestedEnum", "SingleForeignEnum", "SingleImportEnum", "SinglePublicImportMessage", "RepeatedInt32", "RepeatedInt64", "RepeatedUint32", "RepeatedUint64", "RepeatedSint32", "RepeatedSint64", "RepeatedFixed32", "RepeatedFixed64", "RepeatedSfixed32", "RepeatedSfixed64", "RepeatedFloat", "RepeatedDouble", "RepeatedBool", "RepeatedString", "RepeatedBytes", "RepeatedNestedMessage", "RepeatedForeignMessage", "RepeatedImportMessage", "RepeatedNestedEnum", "RepeatedForeignEnum", "RepeatedImportEnum", "RepeatedPublicImportMessage", "OneofUint32", "OneofNestedMessage", "OneofString", "OneofBytes" }, new[]{ "OneofField" }, new[]{ typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum) }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage.Parser, new[]{ "Bb" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.NestedTestAllTypes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.NestedTestAllTypes.Parser, new[]{ "Child", "Payload", "RepeatedChild" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestDeprecatedFields), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestDeprecatedFields.Parser, new[]{ "DeprecatedInt32" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage.Parser, new[]{ "C" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestReservedFields), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestReservedFields.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestForeignNested), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestForeignNested.Parser, new[]{ "ForeignNested" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestReallyLargeTagNumber), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestReallyLargeTagNumber.Parser, new[]{ "A", "Bb" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestRecursiveMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestRecursiveMessage.Parser, new[]{ "A", "I" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMutualRecursionA), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMutualRecursionA.Parser, new[]{ "Bb" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMutualRecursionB), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMutualRecursionB.Parser, new[]{ "A", "OptionalInt32" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestEnumAllowAlias), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestEnumAllowAlias.Parser, new[]{ "Value" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestCamelCaseFieldNames), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestCamelCaseFieldNames.Parser, new[]{ "PrimitiveField", "StringField", "EnumField", "MessageField", "RepeatedPrimitiveField", "RepeatedStringField", "RepeatedEnumField", "RepeatedMessageField" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestFieldOrderings), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestFieldOrderings.Parser, new[]{ "MyString", "MyInt", "MyFloat", "SingleNestedMessage" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestFieldOrderings.Types.NestedMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestFieldOrderings.Types.NestedMessage.Parser, new[]{ "Oo", "Bb" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.SparseEnumMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.SparseEnumMessage.Parser, new[]{ "SparseEnum" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.OneString), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.OneString.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MoreString), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MoreString.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.OneBytes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.OneBytes.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MoreBytes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MoreBytes.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Int32Message), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Int32Message.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Uint32Message), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Uint32Message.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Int64Message), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Int64Message.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Uint64Message), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Uint64Message.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.BoolMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.BoolMessage.Parser, new[]{ "Data" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestOneof), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestOneof.Parser, new[]{ "FooInt", "FooString", "FooMessage" }, new[]{ "Foo" }, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestPackedTypes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestPackedTypes.Parser, new[]{ "PackedInt32", "PackedInt64", "PackedUint32", "PackedUint64", "PackedSint32", "PackedSint64", "PackedFixed32", "PackedFixed64", "PackedSfixed32", "PackedSfixed64", "PackedFloat", "PackedDouble", "PackedBool", "PackedEnum" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestUnpackedTypes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestUnpackedTypes.Parser, new[]{ "UnpackedInt32", "UnpackedInt64", "UnpackedUint32", "UnpackedUint64", "UnpackedSint32", "UnpackedSint64", "UnpackedFixed32", "UnpackedFixed64", "UnpackedSfixed32", "UnpackedSfixed64", "UnpackedFloat", "UnpackedDouble", "UnpackedBool", "UnpackedEnum" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes.Parser, new[]{ "RepeatedFixed32", "RepeatedInt32", "RepeatedFixed64", "RepeatedInt64", "RepeatedFloat", "RepeatedUint64" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestCommentInjectionMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestCommentInjectionMessage.Parser, new[]{ "A" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.FooRequest), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.FooRequest.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.FooResponse), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.FooResponse.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.FooClientMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.FooClientMessage.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.FooServerMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.FooServerMessage.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.BarRequest), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.BarRequest.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.BarResponse), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.BarResponse.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestEmptyMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestEmptyMessage.Parser, null, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.CommentMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.CommentMessage.Parser, new[]{ "Text" }, null, new[]{ typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.CommentMessage.Types.NestedCommentEnum) }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.CommentMessage.Types.NestedCommentMessage), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.CommentMessage.Types.NestedCommentMessage.Parser, new[]{ "NestedText" }, null, null, null, null)})
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Enums
+  public enum ForeignEnum {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOREIGN_UNSPECIFIED")] ForeignUnspecified = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOREIGN_FOO")] ForeignFoo = 4,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOREIGN_BAR")] ForeignBar = 5,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOREIGN_BAZ")] ForeignBaz = 6,
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test an enum that has multiple values with the same number.
+  /// </summary>
+  public enum TestEnumWithDupValue {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("TEST_ENUM_WITH_DUP_VALUE_UNSPECIFIED")] Unspecified = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOO1")] Foo1 = 1,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("BAR1")] Bar1 = 2,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("BAZ")] Baz = 3,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("FOO2", PreferredAlias = false)] Foo2 = 1,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("BAR2", PreferredAlias = false)] Bar2 = 2,
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test an enum with large, unordered values.
+  /// </summary>
+  public enum TestSparseEnum {
+    [pbr::OriginalName("TEST_SPARSE_ENUM_UNSPECIFIED")] Unspecified = 0,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SPARSE_A")] SparseA = 123,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SPARSE_B")] SparseB = 62374,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SPARSE_C")] SparseC = 12589234,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SPARSE_D")] SparseD = -15,
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SPARSE_E")] SparseE = -53452,
+    /// <summary>
+    /// In proto3, value 0 must be the first one specified
+    /// SPARSE_F = 0;
+    /// </summary>
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SPARSE_G")] SparseG = 2,
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Leading enum comment
+  /// </summary>
+  public enum CommentEnum {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Zero value comment
+    /// </summary>
+    [pbr::OriginalName("ZERO_VALUE")] ZeroValue = 0,
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+  /// forms.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestAllTypes : pb::IMessage<TestAllTypes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestAllTypes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestAllTypes>(() => new TestAllTypes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestAllTypes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllTypes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllTypes(TestAllTypes other) : this() {
+      singleInt32_ = other.singleInt32_;
+      singleInt64_ = other.singleInt64_;
+      singleUint32_ = other.singleUint32_;
+      singleUint64_ = other.singleUint64_;
+      singleSint32_ = other.singleSint32_;
+      singleSint64_ = other.singleSint64_;
+      singleFixed32_ = other.singleFixed32_;
+      singleFixed64_ = other.singleFixed64_;
+      singleSfixed32_ = other.singleSfixed32_;
+      singleSfixed64_ = other.singleSfixed64_;
+      singleFloat_ = other.singleFloat_;
+      singleDouble_ = other.singleDouble_;
+      singleBool_ = other.singleBool_;
+      singleString_ = other.singleString_;
+      singleBytes_ = other.singleBytes_;
+      singleNestedMessage_ = other.singleNestedMessage_ != null ? other.singleNestedMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      singleForeignMessage_ = other.singleForeignMessage_ != null ? other.singleForeignMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      singleImportMessage_ = other.singleImportMessage_ != null ? other.singleImportMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      singleNestedEnum_ = other.singleNestedEnum_;
+      singleForeignEnum_ = other.singleForeignEnum_;
+      singleImportEnum_ = other.singleImportEnum_;
+      singlePublicImportMessage_ = other.singlePublicImportMessage_ != null ? other.singlePublicImportMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      repeatedInt32_ = other.repeatedInt32_.Clone();
+      repeatedInt64_ = other.repeatedInt64_.Clone();
+      repeatedUint32_ = other.repeatedUint32_.Clone();
+      repeatedUint64_ = other.repeatedUint64_.Clone();
+      repeatedSint32_ = other.repeatedSint32_.Clone();
+      repeatedSint64_ = other.repeatedSint64_.Clone();
+      repeatedFixed32_ = other.repeatedFixed32_.Clone();
+      repeatedFixed64_ = other.repeatedFixed64_.Clone();
+      repeatedSfixed32_ = other.repeatedSfixed32_.Clone();
+      repeatedSfixed64_ = other.repeatedSfixed64_.Clone();
+      repeatedFloat_ = other.repeatedFloat_.Clone();
+      repeatedDouble_ = other.repeatedDouble_.Clone();
+      repeatedBool_ = other.repeatedBool_.Clone();
+      repeatedString_ = other.repeatedString_.Clone();
+      repeatedBytes_ = other.repeatedBytes_.Clone();
+      repeatedNestedMessage_ = other.repeatedNestedMessage_.Clone();
+      repeatedForeignMessage_ = other.repeatedForeignMessage_.Clone();
+      repeatedImportMessage_ = other.repeatedImportMessage_.Clone();
+      repeatedNestedEnum_ = other.repeatedNestedEnum_.Clone();
+      repeatedForeignEnum_ = other.repeatedForeignEnum_.Clone();
+      repeatedImportEnum_ = other.repeatedImportEnum_.Clone();
+      repeatedPublicImportMessage_ = other.repeatedPublicImportMessage_.Clone();
+      switch (other.OneofFieldCase) {
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32:
+          OneofUint32 = other.OneofUint32;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage:
+          OneofNestedMessage = other.OneofNestedMessage.Clone();
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString:
+          OneofString = other.OneofString;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes:
+          OneofBytes = other.OneofBytes;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestAllTypes Clone() {
+      return new TestAllTypes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleInt32FieldNumber = 1;
+    private int singleInt32_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Singular
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int SingleInt32 {
+      get { return singleInt32_; }
+      set {
+        singleInt32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleInt64FieldNumber = 2;
+    private long singleInt64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long SingleInt64 {
+      get { return singleInt64_; }
+      set {
+        singleInt64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleUint32FieldNumber = 3;
+    private uint singleUint32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint SingleUint32 {
+      get { return singleUint32_; }
+      set {
+        singleUint32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleUint64FieldNumber = 4;
+    private ulong singleUint64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong SingleUint64 {
+      get { return singleUint64_; }
+      set {
+        singleUint64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleSint32FieldNumber = 5;
+    private int singleSint32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int SingleSint32 {
+      get { return singleSint32_; }
+      set {
+        singleSint32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleSint64FieldNumber = 6;
+    private long singleSint64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long SingleSint64 {
+      get { return singleSint64_; }
+      set {
+        singleSint64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleFixed32FieldNumber = 7;
+    private uint singleFixed32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint SingleFixed32 {
+      get { return singleFixed32_; }
+      set {
+        singleFixed32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleFixed64FieldNumber = 8;
+    private ulong singleFixed64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong SingleFixed64 {
+      get { return singleFixed64_; }
+      set {
+        singleFixed64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleSfixed32FieldNumber = 9;
+    private int singleSfixed32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int SingleSfixed32 {
+      get { return singleSfixed32_; }
+      set {
+        singleSfixed32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleSfixed64FieldNumber = 10;
+    private long singleSfixed64_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long SingleSfixed64 {
+      get { return singleSfixed64_; }
+      set {
+        singleSfixed64_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleFloatFieldNumber = 11;
+    private float singleFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float SingleFloat {
+      get { return singleFloat_; }
+      set {
+        singleFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleDoubleFieldNumber = 12;
+    private double singleDouble_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double SingleDouble {
+      get { return singleDouble_; }
+      set {
+        singleDouble_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleBoolFieldNumber = 13;
+    private bool singleBool_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool SingleBool {
+      get { return singleBool_; }
+      set {
+        singleBool_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleStringFieldNumber = 14;
+    private string singleString_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string SingleString {
+      get { return singleString_; }
+      set {
+        singleString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleBytesFieldNumber = 15;
+    private pb::ByteString singleBytes_ = pb::ByteString.Empty;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString SingleBytes {
+      get { return singleBytes_; }
+      set {
+        singleBytes_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleNestedMessageFieldNumber = 18;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage singleNestedMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage SingleNestedMessage {
+      get { return singleNestedMessage_; }
+      set {
+        singleNestedMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_foreign_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleForeignMessageFieldNumber = 19;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage singleForeignMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage SingleForeignMessage {
+      get { return singleForeignMessage_; }
+      set {
+        singleForeignMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_import_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleImportMessageFieldNumber = 20;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportMessage singleImportMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportMessage SingleImportMessage {
+      get { return singleImportMessage_; }
+      set {
+        singleImportMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleNestedEnumFieldNumber = 21;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum singleNestedEnum_ = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Unspecified;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum SingleNestedEnum {
+      get { return singleNestedEnum_; }
+      set {
+        singleNestedEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_foreign_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleForeignEnumFieldNumber = 22;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum singleForeignEnum_ = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum.ForeignUnspecified;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum SingleForeignEnum {
+      get { return singleForeignEnum_; }
+      set {
+        singleForeignEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_import_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleImportEnumFieldNumber = 23;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportEnum singleImportEnum_ = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportEnum.Unspecified;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportEnum SingleImportEnum {
+      get { return singleImportEnum_; }
+      set {
+        singleImportEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_public_import_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int SinglePublicImportMessageFieldNumber = 26;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.PublicImportMessage singlePublicImportMessage_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.PublicImportMessage SinglePublicImportMessage {
+      get { return singlePublicImportMessage_; }
+      set {
+        singlePublicImportMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt32FieldNumber = 31;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(250);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Repeated
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedInt32 {
+      get { return repeatedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt64FieldNumber = 32;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(258);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> repeatedInt64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> RepeatedInt64 {
+      get { return repeatedInt64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedUint32FieldNumber = 33;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_repeatedUint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(266);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> repeatedUint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> RepeatedUint32 {
+      get { return repeatedUint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedUint64FieldNumber = 34;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(274);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> repeatedUint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> RepeatedUint64 {
+      get { return repeatedUint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSint32FieldNumber = 35;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedSint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(282);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedSint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedSint32 {
+      get { return repeatedSint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSint64FieldNumber = 36;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_repeatedSint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(290);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> repeatedSint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> RepeatedSint64 {
+      get { return repeatedSint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFixed32FieldNumber = 37;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(298);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> repeatedFixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> RepeatedFixed32 {
+      get { return repeatedFixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFixed64FieldNumber = 38;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(306);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> repeatedFixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> RepeatedFixed64 {
+      get { return repeatedFixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSfixed32FieldNumber = 39;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(314);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedSfixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedSfixed32 {
+      get { return repeatedSfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedSfixed64FieldNumber = 40;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(322);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> repeatedSfixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> RepeatedSfixed64 {
+      get { return repeatedSfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFloatFieldNumber = 41;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float> _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(330);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float> repeatedFloat_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float> RepeatedFloat {
+      get { return repeatedFloat_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedDoubleFieldNumber = 42;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double> _repeated_repeatedDouble_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(338);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<double> repeatedDouble_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<double> RepeatedDouble {
+      get { return repeatedDouble_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedBoolFieldNumber = 43;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool> _repeated_repeatedBool_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(346);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<bool> repeatedBool_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<bool> RepeatedBool {
+      get { return repeatedBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedStringFieldNumber = 44;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedString_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(354);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedString_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedString {
+      get { return repeatedString_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedBytesFieldNumber = 45;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<pb::ByteString> _repeated_repeatedBytes_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBytes(362);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> repeatedBytes_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> RepeatedBytes {
+      get { return repeatedBytes_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedNestedMessageFieldNumber = 48;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage> _repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(386, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage> repeatedNestedMessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage> RepeatedNestedMessage {
+      get { return repeatedNestedMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_foreign_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedForeignMessageFieldNumber = 49;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage> _repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(394, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage> repeatedForeignMessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage> RepeatedForeignMessage {
+      get { return repeatedForeignMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_import_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedImportMessageFieldNumber = 50;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportMessage> _repeated_repeatedImportMessage_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(402, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportMessage.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportMessage> repeatedImportMessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportMessage> RepeatedImportMessage {
+      get { return repeatedImportMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_nested_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedNestedEnumFieldNumber = 51;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum> _repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(410, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum> repeatedNestedEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum> RepeatedNestedEnum {
+      get { return repeatedNestedEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_foreign_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedForeignEnumFieldNumber = 52;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum> _repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(418, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum> repeatedForeignEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum> RepeatedForeignEnum {
+      get { return repeatedForeignEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_import_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedImportEnumFieldNumber = 53;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportEnum> _repeated_repeatedImportEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(426, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportEnum> repeatedImportEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportEnum> RepeatedImportEnum {
+      get { return repeatedImportEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_public_import_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedPublicImportMessageFieldNumber = 54;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.PublicImportMessage> _repeated_repeatedPublicImportMessage_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(434, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.PublicImportMessage.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.PublicImportMessage> repeatedPublicImportMessage_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.PublicImportMessage>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.PublicImportMessage> RepeatedPublicImportMessage {
+      get { return repeatedPublicImportMessage_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofUint32FieldNumber = 111;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint OneofUint32 {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32 ? (uint) oneofField_ : 0; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofNestedMessageFieldNumber = 112;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage OneofNestedMessage {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage ? (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage) oneofField_ : null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofStringFieldNumber = 113;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OneofString {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString ? (string) oneofField_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_bytes" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofBytesFieldNumber = 114;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString OneofBytes {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes ? (pb::ByteString) oneofField_ : pb::ByteString.Empty; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object oneofField_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "oneof_field" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum OneofFieldOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      OneofUint32 = 111,
+      OneofNestedMessage = 112,
+      OneofString = 113,
+      OneofBytes = 114,
+    }
+    private OneofFieldOneofCase oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofFieldOneofCase OneofFieldCase {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofField() {
+      oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.None;
+      oneofField_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestAllTypes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestAllTypes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (SingleInt32 != other.SingleInt32) return false;
+      if (SingleInt64 != other.SingleInt64) return false;
+      if (SingleUint32 != other.SingleUint32) return false;
+      if (SingleUint64 != other.SingleUint64) return false;
+      if (SingleSint32 != other.SingleSint32) return false;
+      if (SingleSint64 != other.SingleSint64) return false;
+      if (SingleFixed32 != other.SingleFixed32) return false;
+      if (SingleFixed64 != other.SingleFixed64) return false;
+      if (SingleSfixed32 != other.SingleSfixed32) return false;
+      if (SingleSfixed64 != other.SingleSfixed64) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(SingleFloat, other.SingleFloat)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(SingleDouble, other.SingleDouble)) return false;
+      if (SingleBool != other.SingleBool) return false;
+      if (SingleString != other.SingleString) return false;
+      if (SingleBytes != other.SingleBytes) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(SingleNestedMessage, other.SingleNestedMessage)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(SingleForeignMessage, other.SingleForeignMessage)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(SingleImportMessage, other.SingleImportMessage)) return false;
+      if (SingleNestedEnum != other.SingleNestedEnum) return false;
+      if (SingleForeignEnum != other.SingleForeignEnum) return false;
+      if (SingleImportEnum != other.SingleImportEnum) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(SinglePublicImportMessage, other.SinglePublicImportMessage)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt32_.Equals(other.repeatedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt64_.Equals(other.repeatedInt64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedUint32_.Equals(other.repeatedUint32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedUint64_.Equals(other.repeatedUint64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSint32_.Equals(other.repeatedSint32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSint64_.Equals(other.repeatedSint64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFixed32_.Equals(other.repeatedFixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFixed64_.Equals(other.repeatedFixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSfixed32_.Equals(other.repeatedSfixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedSfixed64_.Equals(other.repeatedSfixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFloat_.Equals(other.repeatedFloat_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedDouble_.Equals(other.repeatedDouble_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedBool_.Equals(other.repeatedBool_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedString_.Equals(other.repeatedString_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedBytes_.Equals(other.repeatedBytes_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedNestedMessage_.Equals(other.repeatedNestedMessage_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedForeignMessage_.Equals(other.repeatedForeignMessage_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedImportMessage_.Equals(other.repeatedImportMessage_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedNestedEnum_.Equals(other.repeatedNestedEnum_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedForeignEnum_.Equals(other.repeatedForeignEnum_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedImportEnum_.Equals(other.repeatedImportEnum_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedPublicImportMessage_.Equals(other.repeatedPublicImportMessage_)) return false;
+      if (OneofUint32 != other.OneofUint32) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(OneofNestedMessage, other.OneofNestedMessage)) return false;
+      if (OneofString != other.OneofString) return false;
+      if (OneofBytes != other.OneofBytes) return false;
+      if (OneofFieldCase != other.OneofFieldCase) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (SingleInt32 != 0) hash ^= SingleInt32.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleInt64 != 0L) hash ^= SingleInt64.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleUint32 != 0) hash ^= SingleUint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleUint64 != 0UL) hash ^= SingleUint64.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleSint32 != 0) hash ^= SingleSint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleSint64 != 0L) hash ^= SingleSint64.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleFixed32 != 0) hash ^= SingleFixed32.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleFixed64 != 0UL) hash ^= SingleFixed64.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleSfixed32 != 0) hash ^= SingleSfixed32.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleSfixed64 != 0L) hash ^= SingleSfixed64.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleFloat != 0F) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(SingleFloat);
+      if (SingleDouble != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(SingleDouble);
+      if (SingleBool != false) hash ^= SingleBool.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleString.Length != 0) hash ^= SingleString.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleBytes.Length != 0) hash ^= SingleBytes.GetHashCode();
+      if (singleNestedMessage_ != null) hash ^= SingleNestedMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (singleForeignMessage_ != null) hash ^= SingleForeignMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (singleImportMessage_ != null) hash ^= SingleImportMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleNestedEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Unspecified) hash ^= SingleNestedEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleForeignEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum.ForeignUnspecified) hash ^= SingleForeignEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (SingleImportEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportEnum.Unspecified) hash ^= SingleImportEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (singlePublicImportMessage_ != null) hash ^= SinglePublicImportMessage.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedUint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedUint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSfixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedSfixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFloat_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedDouble_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedBool_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedString_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedBytes_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedNestedMessage_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedForeignMessage_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedImportMessage_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedNestedEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedForeignEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedImportEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedPublicImportMessage_.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32) hash ^= OneofUint32.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage) hash ^= OneofNestedMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString) hash ^= OneofString.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes) hash ^= OneofBytes.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) oneofFieldCase_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (SingleInt32 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(SingleInt32);
+      }
+      if (SingleInt64 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt64(SingleInt64);
+      }
+      if (SingleUint32 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteUInt32(SingleUint32);
+      }
+      if (SingleUint64 != 0UL) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(32);
+        output.WriteUInt64(SingleUint64);
+      }
+      if (SingleSint32 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteSInt32(SingleSint32);
+      }
+      if (SingleSint64 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(48);
+        output.WriteSInt64(SingleSint64);
+      }
+      if (SingleFixed32 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(61);
+        output.WriteFixed32(SingleFixed32);
+      }
+      if (SingleFixed64 != 0UL) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(65);
+        output.WriteFixed64(SingleFixed64);
+      }
+      if (SingleSfixed32 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(77);
+        output.WriteSFixed32(SingleSfixed32);
+      }
+      if (SingleSfixed64 != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(81);
+        output.WriteSFixed64(SingleSfixed64);
+      }
+      if (SingleFloat != 0F) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(93);
+        output.WriteFloat(SingleFloat);
+      }
+      if (SingleDouble != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(97);
+        output.WriteDouble(SingleDouble);
+      }
+      if (SingleBool != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(104);
+        output.WriteBool(SingleBool);
+      }
+      if (SingleString.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(114);
+        output.WriteString(SingleString);
+      }
+      if (SingleBytes.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(122);
+        output.WriteBytes(SingleBytes);
+      }
+      if (singleNestedMessage_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(146, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(SingleNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (singleForeignMessage_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(154, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(SingleForeignMessage);
+      }
+      if (singleImportMessage_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(162, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(SingleImportMessage);
+      }
+      if (SingleNestedEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Unspecified) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(168, 1);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) SingleNestedEnum);
+      }
+      if (SingleForeignEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum.ForeignUnspecified) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(176, 1);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) SingleForeignEnum);
+      }
+      if (SingleImportEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportEnum.Unspecified) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(184, 1);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) SingleImportEnum);
+      }
+      if (singlePublicImportMessage_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(210, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(SinglePublicImportMessage);
+      }
+      repeatedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      repeatedInt64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+      repeatedUint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedUint32_codec);
+      repeatedUint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+      repeatedSint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSint32_codec);
+      repeatedSint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSint64_codec);
+      repeatedFixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+      repeatedFixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+      repeatedSfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec);
+      repeatedSfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec);
+      repeatedFloat_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+      repeatedDouble_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedDouble_codec);
+      repeatedBool_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedBool_codec);
+      repeatedString_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedString_codec);
+      repeatedBytes_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedBytes_codec);
+      repeatedNestedMessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec);
+      repeatedForeignMessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec);
+      repeatedImportMessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedImportMessage_codec);
+      repeatedNestedEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec);
+      repeatedForeignEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec);
+      repeatedImportEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedImportEnum_codec);
+      repeatedPublicImportMessage_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedPublicImportMessage_codec);
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 6);
+        output.WriteUInt32(OneofUint32);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(130, 7);
+        output.WriteMessage(OneofNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(138, 7);
+        output.WriteString(OneofString);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(146, 7);
+        output.WriteBytes(OneofBytes);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (SingleInt32 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(SingleInt32);
+      }
+      if (SingleInt64 != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(SingleInt64);
+      }
+      if (SingleUint32 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(SingleUint32);
+      }
+      if (SingleUint64 != 0UL) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(SingleUint64);
+      }
+      if (SingleSint32 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeSInt32Size(SingleSint32);
+      }
+      if (SingleSint64 != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeSInt64Size(SingleSint64);
+      }
+      if (SingleFixed32 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (SingleFixed64 != 0UL) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (SingleSfixed32 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (SingleSfixed64 != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (SingleFloat != 0F) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (SingleDouble != 0D) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (SingleBool != false) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (SingleString.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(SingleString);
+      }
+      if (SingleBytes.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(SingleBytes);
+      }
+      if (singleNestedMessage_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SingleNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (singleForeignMessage_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SingleForeignMessage);
+      }
+      if (singleImportMessage_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SingleImportMessage);
+      }
+      if (SingleNestedEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Unspecified) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) SingleNestedEnum);
+      }
+      if (SingleForeignEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum.ForeignUnspecified) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) SingleForeignEnum);
+      }
+      if (SingleImportEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportEnum.Unspecified) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) SingleImportEnum);
+      }
+      if (singlePublicImportMessage_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SinglePublicImportMessage);
+      }
+      size += repeatedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      size += repeatedInt64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+      size += repeatedUint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedUint32_codec);
+      size += repeatedUint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+      size += repeatedSint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSint32_codec);
+      size += repeatedSint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSint64_codec);
+      size += repeatedFixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+      size += repeatedFixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+      size += repeatedSfixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec);
+      size += repeatedSfixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec);
+      size += repeatedFloat_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+      size += repeatedDouble_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedDouble_codec);
+      size += repeatedBool_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedBool_codec);
+      size += repeatedString_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedString_codec);
+      size += repeatedBytes_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedBytes_codec);
+      size += repeatedNestedMessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec);
+      size += repeatedForeignMessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec);
+      size += repeatedImportMessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedImportMessage_codec);
+      size += repeatedNestedEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec);
+      size += repeatedForeignEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec);
+      size += repeatedImportEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedImportEnum_codec);
+      size += repeatedPublicImportMessage_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedPublicImportMessage_codec);
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(OneofUint32);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(OneofNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OneofString);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(OneofBytes);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestAllTypes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleInt32 != 0) {
+        SingleInt32 = other.SingleInt32;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleInt64 != 0L) {
+        SingleInt64 = other.SingleInt64;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleUint32 != 0) {
+        SingleUint32 = other.SingleUint32;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleUint64 != 0UL) {
+        SingleUint64 = other.SingleUint64;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleSint32 != 0) {
+        SingleSint32 = other.SingleSint32;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleSint64 != 0L) {
+        SingleSint64 = other.SingleSint64;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleFixed32 != 0) {
+        SingleFixed32 = other.SingleFixed32;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleFixed64 != 0UL) {
+        SingleFixed64 = other.SingleFixed64;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleSfixed32 != 0) {
+        SingleSfixed32 = other.SingleSfixed32;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleSfixed64 != 0L) {
+        SingleSfixed64 = other.SingleSfixed64;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleFloat != 0F) {
+        SingleFloat = other.SingleFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleDouble != 0D) {
+        SingleDouble = other.SingleDouble;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleBool != false) {
+        SingleBool = other.SingleBool;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleString.Length != 0) {
+        SingleString = other.SingleString;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleBytes.Length != 0) {
+        SingleBytes = other.SingleBytes;
+      }
+      if (other.singleNestedMessage_ != null) {
+        if (singleNestedMessage_ == null) {
+          SingleNestedMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage();
+        }
+        SingleNestedMessage.MergeFrom(other.SingleNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (other.singleForeignMessage_ != null) {
+        if (singleForeignMessage_ == null) {
+          SingleForeignMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage();
+        }
+        SingleForeignMessage.MergeFrom(other.SingleForeignMessage);
+      }
+      if (other.singleImportMessage_ != null) {
+        if (singleImportMessage_ == null) {
+          SingleImportMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportMessage();
+        }
+        SingleImportMessage.MergeFrom(other.SingleImportMessage);
+      }
+      if (other.SingleNestedEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Unspecified) {
+        SingleNestedEnum = other.SingleNestedEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleForeignEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum.ForeignUnspecified) {
+        SingleForeignEnum = other.SingleForeignEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.SingleImportEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportEnum.Unspecified) {
+        SingleImportEnum = other.SingleImportEnum;
+      }
+      if (other.singlePublicImportMessage_ != null) {
+        if (singlePublicImportMessage_ == null) {
+          SinglePublicImportMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.PublicImportMessage();
+        }
+        SinglePublicImportMessage.MergeFrom(other.SinglePublicImportMessage);
+      }
+      repeatedInt32_.Add(other.repeatedInt32_);
+      repeatedInt64_.Add(other.repeatedInt64_);
+      repeatedUint32_.Add(other.repeatedUint32_);
+      repeatedUint64_.Add(other.repeatedUint64_);
+      repeatedSint32_.Add(other.repeatedSint32_);
+      repeatedSint64_.Add(other.repeatedSint64_);
+      repeatedFixed32_.Add(other.repeatedFixed32_);
+      repeatedFixed64_.Add(other.repeatedFixed64_);
+      repeatedSfixed32_.Add(other.repeatedSfixed32_);
+      repeatedSfixed64_.Add(other.repeatedSfixed64_);
+      repeatedFloat_.Add(other.repeatedFloat_);
+      repeatedDouble_.Add(other.repeatedDouble_);
+      repeatedBool_.Add(other.repeatedBool_);
+      repeatedString_.Add(other.repeatedString_);
+      repeatedBytes_.Add(other.repeatedBytes_);
+      repeatedNestedMessage_.Add(other.repeatedNestedMessage_);
+      repeatedForeignMessage_.Add(other.repeatedForeignMessage_);
+      repeatedImportMessage_.Add(other.repeatedImportMessage_);
+      repeatedNestedEnum_.Add(other.repeatedNestedEnum_);
+      repeatedForeignEnum_.Add(other.repeatedForeignEnum_);
+      repeatedImportEnum_.Add(other.repeatedImportEnum_);
+      repeatedPublicImportMessage_.Add(other.repeatedPublicImportMessage_);
+      switch (other.OneofFieldCase) {
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32:
+          OneofUint32 = other.OneofUint32;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage:
+          if (OneofNestedMessage == null) {
+            OneofNestedMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage();
+          }
+          OneofNestedMessage.MergeFrom(other.OneofNestedMessage);
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString:
+          OneofString = other.OneofString;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes:
+          OneofBytes = other.OneofBytes;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            SingleInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            SingleInt64 = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            SingleUint32 = input.ReadUInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+            SingleUint64 = input.ReadUInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            SingleSint32 = input.ReadSInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 48: {
+            SingleSint64 = input.ReadSInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 61: {
+            SingleFixed32 = input.ReadFixed32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 65: {
+            SingleFixed64 = input.ReadFixed64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 77: {
+            SingleSfixed32 = input.ReadSFixed32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 81: {
+            SingleSfixed64 = input.ReadSFixed64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 93: {
+            SingleFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 97: {
+            SingleDouble = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 104: {
+            SingleBool = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 114: {
+            SingleString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 122: {
+            SingleBytes = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 146: {
+            if (singleNestedMessage_ == null) {
+              SingleNestedMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(SingleNestedMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 154: {
+            if (singleForeignMessage_ == null) {
+              SingleForeignMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(SingleForeignMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 162: {
+            if (singleImportMessage_ == null) {
+              SingleImportMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(SingleImportMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 168: {
+            SingleNestedEnum = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 176: {
+            SingleForeignEnum = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 184: {
+            SingleImportEnum = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ImportEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 210: {
+            if (singlePublicImportMessage_ == null) {
+              SinglePublicImportMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.PublicImportMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(SinglePublicImportMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 250:
+          case 248: {
+            repeatedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 258:
+          case 256: {
+            repeatedInt64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 266:
+          case 264: {
+            repeatedUint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedUint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 274:
+          case 272: {
+            repeatedUint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 282:
+          case 280: {
+            repeatedSint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 290:
+          case 288: {
+            repeatedSint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 298:
+          case 301: {
+            repeatedFixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 306:
+          case 305: {
+            repeatedFixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 314:
+          case 317: {
+            repeatedSfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 322:
+          case 321: {
+            repeatedSfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedSfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 330:
+          case 333: {
+            repeatedFloat_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 338:
+          case 337: {
+            repeatedDouble_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedDouble_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 346:
+          case 344: {
+            repeatedBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 354: {
+            repeatedString_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedString_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 362: {
+            repeatedBytes_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedBytes_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 386: {
+            repeatedNestedMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedNestedMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 394: {
+            repeatedForeignMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedForeignMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 402: {
+            repeatedImportMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedImportMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 410:
+          case 408: {
+            repeatedNestedEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedNestedEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 418:
+          case 416: {
+            repeatedForeignEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedForeignEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 426:
+          case 424: {
+            repeatedImportEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedImportEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 434: {
+            repeatedPublicImportMessage_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedPublicImportMessage_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 888: {
+            OneofUint32 = input.ReadUInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 898: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage();
+            if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(OneofNestedMessage);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            OneofNestedMessage = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 906: {
+            OneofString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 914: {
+            OneofBytes = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestAllTypes message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public enum NestedEnum {
+        [pbr::OriginalName("NESTED_ENUM_UNSPECIFIED")] Unspecified = 0,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("FOO")] Foo = 1,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("BAR")] Bar = 2,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("BAZ")] Baz = 3,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Intentionally negative.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("NEG")] Neg = -1,
+      }
+
+      public sealed partial class NestedMessage : pb::IMessage<NestedMessage> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage>(() => new NestedMessage());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage(NestedMessage other) : this() {
+          bb_ = other.bb_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage Clone() {
+          return new NestedMessage(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "bb" field.</summary>
+        public const int BbFieldNumber = 1;
+        private int bb_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+        /// a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+        /// This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int Bb {
+          get { return bb_; }
+          set {
+            bb_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as NestedMessage);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (Bb != other.Bb) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (Bb != 0) hash ^= Bb.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (Bb != 0) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(Bb);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (Bb != 0) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Bb);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.Bb != 0) {
+            Bb = other.Bb;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                Bb = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// This proto includes a recusively nested message.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class NestedTestAllTypes : pb::IMessage<NestedTestAllTypes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedTestAllTypes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedTestAllTypes>(() => new NestedTestAllTypes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<NestedTestAllTypes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public NestedTestAllTypes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public NestedTestAllTypes(NestedTestAllTypes other) : this() {
+      child_ = other.child_ != null ? other.child_.Clone() : null;
+      payload_ = other.payload_ != null ? other.payload_.Clone() : null;
+      repeatedChild_ = other.repeatedChild_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public NestedTestAllTypes Clone() {
+      return new NestedTestAllTypes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "child" field.</summary>
+    public const int ChildFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.NestedTestAllTypes child_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.NestedTestAllTypes Child {
+      get { return child_; }
+      set {
+        child_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "payload" field.</summary>
+    public const int PayloadFieldNumber = 2;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes payload_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes Payload {
+      get { return payload_; }
+      set {
+        payload_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_child" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedChildFieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.NestedTestAllTypes> _repeated_repeatedChild_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(26, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.NestedTestAllTypes.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.NestedTestAllTypes> repeatedChild_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.NestedTestAllTypes>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.NestedTestAllTypes> RepeatedChild {
+      get { return repeatedChild_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as NestedTestAllTypes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(NestedTestAllTypes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(Child, other.Child)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Payload, other.Payload)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedChild_.Equals(other.repeatedChild_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (child_ != null) hash ^= Child.GetHashCode();
+      if (payload_ != null) hash ^= Payload.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedChild_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (child_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(Child);
+      }
+      if (payload_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteMessage(Payload);
+      }
+      repeatedChild_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedChild_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (child_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Child);
+      }
+      if (payload_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Payload);
+      }
+      size += repeatedChild_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedChild_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(NestedTestAllTypes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.child_ != null) {
+        if (child_ == null) {
+          Child = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.NestedTestAllTypes();
+        }
+        Child.MergeFrom(other.Child);
+      }
+      if (other.payload_ != null) {
+        if (payload_ == null) {
+          Payload = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes();
+        }
+        Payload.MergeFrom(other.Payload);
+      }
+      repeatedChild_.Add(other.repeatedChild_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (child_ == null) {
+              Child = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.NestedTestAllTypes();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Child);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            if (payload_ == null) {
+              Payload = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Payload);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            repeatedChild_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedChild_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestDeprecatedFields : pb::IMessage<TestDeprecatedFields> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestDeprecatedFields> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestDeprecatedFields>(() => new TestDeprecatedFields());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestDeprecatedFields> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[2]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDeprecatedFields() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDeprecatedFields(TestDeprecatedFields other) : this() {
+      deprecatedInt32_ = other.deprecatedInt32_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestDeprecatedFields Clone() {
+      return new TestDeprecatedFields(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "deprecated_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int DeprecatedInt32FieldNumber = 1;
+    private int deprecatedInt32_;
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int DeprecatedInt32 {
+      get { return deprecatedInt32_; }
+      set {
+        deprecatedInt32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestDeprecatedFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestDeprecatedFields other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (DeprecatedInt32 != other.DeprecatedInt32) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (DeprecatedInt32 != 0) hash ^= DeprecatedInt32.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (DeprecatedInt32 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(DeprecatedInt32);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (DeprecatedInt32 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(DeprecatedInt32);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestDeprecatedFields other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.DeprecatedInt32 != 0) {
+        DeprecatedInt32 = other.DeprecatedInt32;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            DeprecatedInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+  /// that.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class ForeignMessage : pb::IMessage<ForeignMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ForeignMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ForeignMessage>(() => new ForeignMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ForeignMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[3]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ForeignMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ForeignMessage(ForeignMessage other) : this() {
+      c_ = other.c_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ForeignMessage Clone() {
+      return new ForeignMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "c" field.</summary>
+    public const int CFieldNumber = 1;
+    private int c_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int C {
+      get { return c_; }
+      set {
+        c_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ForeignMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ForeignMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (C != other.C) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (C != 0) hash ^= C.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (C != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(C);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (C != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(C);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ForeignMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.C != 0) {
+        C = other.C;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            C = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestReservedFields : pb::IMessage<TestReservedFields> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestReservedFields> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestReservedFields>(() => new TestReservedFields());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestReservedFields> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[4]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestReservedFields() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestReservedFields(TestReservedFields other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestReservedFields Clone() {
+      return new TestReservedFields(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestReservedFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestReservedFields other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestReservedFields other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test that we can use NestedMessage from outside TestAllTypes.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestForeignNested : pb::IMessage<TestForeignNested> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestForeignNested> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestForeignNested>(() => new TestForeignNested());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestForeignNested> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[5]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestForeignNested() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestForeignNested(TestForeignNested other) : this() {
+      foreignNested_ = other.foreignNested_ != null ? other.foreignNested_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestForeignNested Clone() {
+      return new TestForeignNested(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foreign_nested" field.</summary>
+    public const int ForeignNestedFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage foreignNested_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage ForeignNested {
+      get { return foreignNested_; }
+      set {
+        foreignNested_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestForeignNested);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestForeignNested other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(ForeignNested, other.ForeignNested)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (foreignNested_ != null) hash ^= ForeignNested.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (foreignNested_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(ForeignNested);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (foreignNested_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(ForeignNested);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestForeignNested other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.foreignNested_ != null) {
+        if (foreignNested_ == null) {
+          ForeignNested = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage();
+        }
+        ForeignNested.MergeFrom(other.ForeignNested);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (foreignNested_ == null) {
+              ForeignNested = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(ForeignNested);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test that really large tag numbers don't break anything.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestReallyLargeTagNumber : pb::IMessage<TestReallyLargeTagNumber> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestReallyLargeTagNumber> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestReallyLargeTagNumber>(() => new TestReallyLargeTagNumber());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestReallyLargeTagNumber> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[6]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestReallyLargeTagNumber() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestReallyLargeTagNumber(TestReallyLargeTagNumber other) : this() {
+      a_ = other.a_;
+      bb_ = other.bb_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestReallyLargeTagNumber Clone() {
+      return new TestReallyLargeTagNumber(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+    public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+    private int a_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The largest possible tag number is 2^28 - 1, since the wire format uses
+    /// three bits to communicate wire type.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int A {
+      get { return a_; }
+      set {
+        a_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bb" field.</summary>
+    public const int BbFieldNumber = 268435455;
+    private int bb_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Bb {
+      get { return bb_; }
+      set {
+        bb_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestReallyLargeTagNumber);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestReallyLargeTagNumber other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (A != other.A) return false;
+      if (Bb != other.Bb) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (A != 0) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+      if (Bb != 0) hash ^= Bb.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (A != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(A);
+      }
+      if (Bb != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 255, 255, 255, 7);
+        output.WriteInt32(Bb);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (A != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(A);
+      }
+      if (Bb != 0) {
+        size += 5 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Bb);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestReallyLargeTagNumber other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.A != 0) {
+        A = other.A;
+      }
+      if (other.Bb != 0) {
+        Bb = other.Bb;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            A = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2147483640: {
+            Bb = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestRecursiveMessage : pb::IMessage<TestRecursiveMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestRecursiveMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestRecursiveMessage>(() => new TestRecursiveMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestRecursiveMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[7]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRecursiveMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRecursiveMessage(TestRecursiveMessage other) : this() {
+      a_ = other.a_ != null ? other.a_.Clone() : null;
+      i_ = other.i_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRecursiveMessage Clone() {
+      return new TestRecursiveMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+    public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestRecursiveMessage a_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestRecursiveMessage A {
+      get { return a_; }
+      set {
+        a_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "i" field.</summary>
+    public const int IFieldNumber = 2;
+    private int i_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int I {
+      get { return i_; }
+      set {
+        i_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestRecursiveMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestRecursiveMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(A, other.A)) return false;
+      if (I != other.I) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (a_ != null) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+      if (I != 0) hash ^= I.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (a_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(A);
+      }
+      if (I != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(I);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (a_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(A);
+      }
+      if (I != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(I);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestRecursiveMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.a_ != null) {
+        if (a_ == null) {
+          A = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestRecursiveMessage();
+        }
+        A.MergeFrom(other.A);
+      }
+      if (other.I != 0) {
+        I = other.I;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (a_ == null) {
+              A = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestRecursiveMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(A);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            I = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test that mutual recursion works.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestMutualRecursionA : pb::IMessage<TestMutualRecursionA> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestMutualRecursionA> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestMutualRecursionA>(() => new TestMutualRecursionA());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestMutualRecursionA> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[8]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMutualRecursionA() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMutualRecursionA(TestMutualRecursionA other) : this() {
+      bb_ = other.bb_ != null ? other.bb_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMutualRecursionA Clone() {
+      return new TestMutualRecursionA(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bb" field.</summary>
+    public const int BbFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMutualRecursionB bb_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMutualRecursionB Bb {
+      get { return bb_; }
+      set {
+        bb_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestMutualRecursionA);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestMutualRecursionA other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(Bb, other.Bb)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (bb_ != null) hash ^= Bb.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (bb_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(Bb);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (bb_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Bb);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestMutualRecursionA other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.bb_ != null) {
+        if (bb_ == null) {
+          Bb = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMutualRecursionB();
+        }
+        Bb.MergeFrom(other.Bb);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (bb_ == null) {
+              Bb = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMutualRecursionB();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Bb);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestMutualRecursionB : pb::IMessage<TestMutualRecursionB> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestMutualRecursionB> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestMutualRecursionB>(() => new TestMutualRecursionB());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestMutualRecursionB> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[9]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMutualRecursionB() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMutualRecursionB(TestMutualRecursionB other) : this() {
+      a_ = other.a_ != null ? other.a_.Clone() : null;
+      optionalInt32_ = other.optionalInt32_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestMutualRecursionB Clone() {
+      return new TestMutualRecursionB(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+    public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMutualRecursionA a_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMutualRecursionA A {
+      get { return a_; }
+      set {
+        a_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optional_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionalInt32FieldNumber = 2;
+    private int optionalInt32_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OptionalInt32 {
+      get { return optionalInt32_; }
+      set {
+        optionalInt32_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestMutualRecursionB);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestMutualRecursionB other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(A, other.A)) return false;
+      if (OptionalInt32 != other.OptionalInt32) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (a_ != null) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+      if (OptionalInt32 != 0) hash ^= OptionalInt32.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (a_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(A);
+      }
+      if (OptionalInt32 != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(OptionalInt32);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (a_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(A);
+      }
+      if (OptionalInt32 != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(OptionalInt32);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestMutualRecursionB other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.a_ != null) {
+        if (a_ == null) {
+          A = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMutualRecursionA();
+        }
+        A.MergeFrom(other.A);
+      }
+      if (other.OptionalInt32 != 0) {
+        OptionalInt32 = other.OptionalInt32;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (a_ == null) {
+              A = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestMutualRecursionA();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(A);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            OptionalInt32 = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestEnumAllowAlias : pb::IMessage<TestEnumAllowAlias> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestEnumAllowAlias> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestEnumAllowAlias>(() => new TestEnumAllowAlias());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestEnumAllowAlias> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[10]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEnumAllowAlias() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEnumAllowAlias(TestEnumAllowAlias other) : this() {
+      value_ = other.value_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEnumAllowAlias Clone() {
+      return new TestEnumAllowAlias(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestEnumWithDupValue value_ = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestEnumWithDupValue.Unspecified;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestEnumWithDupValue Value {
+      get { return value_; }
+      set {
+        value_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestEnumAllowAlias);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestEnumAllowAlias other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Value != other.Value) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Value != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestEnumWithDupValue.Unspecified) hash ^= Value.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Value != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestEnumWithDupValue.Unspecified) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Value != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestEnumWithDupValue.Unspecified) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestEnumAllowAlias other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Value != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestEnumWithDupValue.Unspecified) {
+        Value = other.Value;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Value = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestEnumWithDupValue) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test message with CamelCase field names.  This violates Protocol Buffer
+  /// standard style.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestCamelCaseFieldNames : pb::IMessage<TestCamelCaseFieldNames> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestCamelCaseFieldNames> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestCamelCaseFieldNames>(() => new TestCamelCaseFieldNames());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestCamelCaseFieldNames> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[11]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestCamelCaseFieldNames() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestCamelCaseFieldNames(TestCamelCaseFieldNames other) : this() {
+      primitiveField_ = other.primitiveField_;
+      stringField_ = other.stringField_;
+      enumField_ = other.enumField_;
+      messageField_ = other.messageField_ != null ? other.messageField_.Clone() : null;
+      repeatedPrimitiveField_ = other.repeatedPrimitiveField_.Clone();
+      repeatedStringField_ = other.repeatedStringField_.Clone();
+      repeatedEnumField_ = other.repeatedEnumField_.Clone();
+      repeatedMessageField_ = other.repeatedMessageField_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestCamelCaseFieldNames Clone() {
+      return new TestCamelCaseFieldNames(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "PrimitiveField" field.</summary>
+    public const int PrimitiveFieldFieldNumber = 1;
+    private int primitiveField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int PrimitiveField {
+      get { return primitiveField_; }
+      set {
+        primitiveField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "StringField" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringFieldFieldNumber = 2;
+    private string stringField_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string StringField {
+      get { return stringField_; }
+      set {
+        stringField_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "EnumField" field.</summary>
+    public const int EnumFieldFieldNumber = 3;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum enumField_ = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum.ForeignUnspecified;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum EnumField {
+      get { return enumField_; }
+      set {
+        enumField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "MessageField" field.</summary>
+    public const int MessageFieldFieldNumber = 4;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage messageField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage MessageField {
+      get { return messageField_; }
+      set {
+        messageField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "RepeatedPrimitiveField" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedPrimitiveFieldFieldNumber = 7;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedPrimitiveField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(58);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedPrimitiveField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedPrimitiveField {
+      get { return repeatedPrimitiveField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "RepeatedStringField" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedStringFieldFieldNumber = 8;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_repeatedStringField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(66);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> repeatedStringField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> RepeatedStringField {
+      get { return repeatedStringField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "RepeatedEnumField" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedEnumFieldFieldNumber = 9;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum> _repeated_repeatedEnumField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(74, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum> repeatedEnumField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum> RepeatedEnumField {
+      get { return repeatedEnumField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "RepeatedMessageField" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedMessageFieldFieldNumber = 10;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage> _repeated_repeatedMessageField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(82, global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage> repeatedMessageField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage> RepeatedMessageField {
+      get { return repeatedMessageField_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestCamelCaseFieldNames);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestCamelCaseFieldNames other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (PrimitiveField != other.PrimitiveField) return false;
+      if (StringField != other.StringField) return false;
+      if (EnumField != other.EnumField) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(MessageField, other.MessageField)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedPrimitiveField_.Equals(other.repeatedPrimitiveField_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedStringField_.Equals(other.repeatedStringField_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedEnumField_.Equals(other.repeatedEnumField_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedMessageField_.Equals(other.repeatedMessageField_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (PrimitiveField != 0) hash ^= PrimitiveField.GetHashCode();
+      if (StringField.Length != 0) hash ^= StringField.GetHashCode();
+      if (EnumField != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum.ForeignUnspecified) hash ^= EnumField.GetHashCode();
+      if (messageField_ != null) hash ^= MessageField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedPrimitiveField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedStringField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedEnumField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedMessageField_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (PrimitiveField != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(PrimitiveField);
+      }
+      if (StringField.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(StringField);
+      }
+      if (EnumField != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum.ForeignUnspecified) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) EnumField);
+      }
+      if (messageField_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(34);
+        output.WriteMessage(MessageField);
+      }
+      repeatedPrimitiveField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedPrimitiveField_codec);
+      repeatedStringField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedStringField_codec);
+      repeatedEnumField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedEnumField_codec);
+      repeatedMessageField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedMessageField_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (PrimitiveField != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(PrimitiveField);
+      }
+      if (StringField.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(StringField);
+      }
+      if (EnumField != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum.ForeignUnspecified) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) EnumField);
+      }
+      if (messageField_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(MessageField);
+      }
+      size += repeatedPrimitiveField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedPrimitiveField_codec);
+      size += repeatedStringField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedStringField_codec);
+      size += repeatedEnumField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedEnumField_codec);
+      size += repeatedMessageField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedMessageField_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestCamelCaseFieldNames other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.PrimitiveField != 0) {
+        PrimitiveField = other.PrimitiveField;
+      }
+      if (other.StringField.Length != 0) {
+        StringField = other.StringField;
+      }
+      if (other.EnumField != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum.ForeignUnspecified) {
+        EnumField = other.EnumField;
+      }
+      if (other.messageField_ != null) {
+        if (messageField_ == null) {
+          MessageField = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage();
+        }
+        MessageField.MergeFrom(other.MessageField);
+      }
+      repeatedPrimitiveField_.Add(other.repeatedPrimitiveField_);
+      repeatedStringField_.Add(other.repeatedStringField_);
+      repeatedEnumField_.Add(other.repeatedEnumField_);
+      repeatedMessageField_.Add(other.repeatedMessageField_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            PrimitiveField = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            StringField = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            EnumField = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            if (messageField_ == null) {
+              MessageField = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(MessageField);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58:
+          case 56: {
+            repeatedPrimitiveField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedPrimitiveField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            repeatedStringField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedStringField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 74:
+          case 72: {
+            repeatedEnumField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedEnumField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 82: {
+            repeatedMessageField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedMessageField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// We list fields out of order, to ensure that we're using field number and not
+  /// field index to determine serialization order.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestFieldOrderings : pb::IMessage<TestFieldOrderings> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestFieldOrderings> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestFieldOrderings>(() => new TestFieldOrderings());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestFieldOrderings> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[12]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestFieldOrderings() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestFieldOrderings(TestFieldOrderings other) : this() {
+      myString_ = other.myString_;
+      myInt_ = other.myInt_;
+      myFloat_ = other.myFloat_;
+      singleNestedMessage_ = other.singleNestedMessage_ != null ? other.singleNestedMessage_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestFieldOrderings Clone() {
+      return new TestFieldOrderings(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "my_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int MyStringFieldNumber = 11;
+    private string myString_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string MyString {
+      get { return myString_; }
+      set {
+        myString_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "my_int" field.</summary>
+    public const int MyIntFieldNumber = 1;
+    private long myInt_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long MyInt {
+      get { return myInt_; }
+      set {
+        myInt_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "my_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int MyFloatFieldNumber = 101;
+    private float myFloat_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float MyFloat {
+      get { return myFloat_; }
+      set {
+        myFloat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "single_nested_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int SingleNestedMessageFieldNumber = 200;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestFieldOrderings.Types.NestedMessage singleNestedMessage_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestFieldOrderings.Types.NestedMessage SingleNestedMessage {
+      get { return singleNestedMessage_; }
+      set {
+        singleNestedMessage_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestFieldOrderings);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestFieldOrderings other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (MyString != other.MyString) return false;
+      if (MyInt != other.MyInt) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(MyFloat, other.MyFloat)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(SingleNestedMessage, other.SingleNestedMessage)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (MyString.Length != 0) hash ^= MyString.GetHashCode();
+      if (MyInt != 0L) hash ^= MyInt.GetHashCode();
+      if (MyFloat != 0F) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(MyFloat);
+      if (singleNestedMessage_ != null) hash ^= SingleNestedMessage.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (MyInt != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt64(MyInt);
+      }
+      if (MyString.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(90);
+        output.WriteString(MyString);
+      }
+      if (MyFloat != 0F) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(173, 6);
+        output.WriteFloat(MyFloat);
+      }
+      if (singleNestedMessage_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(194, 12);
+        output.WriteMessage(SingleNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (MyString.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(MyString);
+      }
+      if (MyInt != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(MyInt);
+      }
+      if (MyFloat != 0F) {
+        size += 2 + 4;
+      }
+      if (singleNestedMessage_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SingleNestedMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestFieldOrderings other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.MyString.Length != 0) {
+        MyString = other.MyString;
+      }
+      if (other.MyInt != 0L) {
+        MyInt = other.MyInt;
+      }
+      if (other.MyFloat != 0F) {
+        MyFloat = other.MyFloat;
+      }
+      if (other.singleNestedMessage_ != null) {
+        if (singleNestedMessage_ == null) {
+          SingleNestedMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestFieldOrderings.Types.NestedMessage();
+        }
+        SingleNestedMessage.MergeFrom(other.SingleNestedMessage);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            MyInt = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 90: {
+            MyString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 813: {
+            MyFloat = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 1602: {
+            if (singleNestedMessage_ == null) {
+              SingleNestedMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestFieldOrderings.Types.NestedMessage();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(SingleNestedMessage);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the TestFieldOrderings message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class NestedMessage : pb::IMessage<NestedMessage> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage>(() => new NestedMessage());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<NestedMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestFieldOrderings.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage(NestedMessage other) : this() {
+          oo_ = other.oo_;
+          bb_ = other.bb_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedMessage Clone() {
+          return new NestedMessage(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "oo" field.</summary>
+        public const int OoFieldNumber = 2;
+        private long oo_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public long Oo {
+          get { return oo_; }
+          set {
+            oo_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "bb" field.</summary>
+        public const int BbFieldNumber = 1;
+        private int bb_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+        /// a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+        /// This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int Bb {
+          get { return bb_; }
+          set {
+            bb_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as NestedMessage);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (Oo != other.Oo) return false;
+          if (Bb != other.Bb) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (Oo != 0L) hash ^= Oo.GetHashCode();
+          if (Bb != 0) hash ^= Bb.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (Bb != 0) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(Bb);
+          }
+          if (Oo != 0L) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(16);
+            output.WriteInt64(Oo);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (Oo != 0L) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Oo);
+          }
+          if (Bb != 0) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Bb);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(NestedMessage other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.Oo != 0L) {
+            Oo = other.Oo;
+          }
+          if (other.Bb != 0) {
+            Bb = other.Bb;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                Bb = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 16: {
+                Oo = input.ReadInt64();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class SparseEnumMessage : pb::IMessage<SparseEnumMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<SparseEnumMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<SparseEnumMessage>(() => new SparseEnumMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<SparseEnumMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[13]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SparseEnumMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SparseEnumMessage(SparseEnumMessage other) : this() {
+      sparseEnum_ = other.sparseEnum_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SparseEnumMessage Clone() {
+      return new SparseEnumMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "sparse_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int SparseEnumFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestSparseEnum sparseEnum_ = global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestSparseEnum.Unspecified;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestSparseEnum SparseEnum {
+      get { return sparseEnum_; }
+      set {
+        sparseEnum_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as SparseEnumMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(SparseEnumMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (SparseEnum != other.SparseEnum) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (SparseEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestSparseEnum.Unspecified) hash ^= SparseEnum.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (SparseEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestSparseEnum.Unspecified) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) SparseEnum);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (SparseEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestSparseEnum.Unspecified) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) SparseEnum);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(SparseEnumMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.SparseEnum != global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestSparseEnum.Unspecified) {
+        SparseEnum = other.SparseEnum;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            SparseEnum = (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestSparseEnum) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test String and Bytes: string is for valid UTF-8 strings
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class OneString : pb::IMessage<OneString> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OneString> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OneString>(() => new OneString());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<OneString> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[14]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneString() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneString(OneString other) : this() {
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneString Clone() {
+      return new OneString(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string data_ = "";
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Data {
+      get { return data_; }
+      set {
+        data_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as OneString);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(OneString other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Data.Length != 0) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Data.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Data.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(OneString other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Data.Length != 0) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Data = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class MoreString : pb::IMessage<MoreString> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<MoreString> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<MoreString>(() => new MoreString());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<MoreString> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[15]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MoreString() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MoreString(MoreString other) : this() {
+      data_ = other.data_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MoreString Clone() {
+      return new MoreString(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_data_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> data_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> Data {
+      get { return data_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as MoreString);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(MoreString other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!data_.Equals(other.data_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= data_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      data_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_data_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += data_.CalculateSize(_repeated_data_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(MoreString other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      data_.Add(other.data_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            data_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_data_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class OneBytes : pb::IMessage<OneBytes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OneBytes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OneBytes>(() => new OneBytes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<OneBytes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[16]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneBytes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneBytes(OneBytes other) : this() {
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneBytes Clone() {
+      return new OneBytes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private pb::ByteString data_ = pb::ByteString.Empty;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString Data {
+      get { return data_; }
+      set {
+        data_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as OneBytes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(OneBytes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Data.Length != 0) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Data.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteBytes(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Data.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(OneBytes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Data.Length != 0) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Data = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class MoreBytes : pb::IMessage<MoreBytes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<MoreBytes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<MoreBytes>(() => new MoreBytes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<MoreBytes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[17]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MoreBytes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MoreBytes(MoreBytes other) : this() {
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MoreBytes Clone() {
+      return new MoreBytes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private pb::ByteString data_ = pb::ByteString.Empty;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString Data {
+      get { return data_; }
+      set {
+        data_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as MoreBytes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(MoreBytes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Data.Length != 0) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Data.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteBytes(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Data.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(MoreBytes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Data.Length != 0) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Data = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test int32, uint32, int64, uint64, and bool are all compatible
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Int32Message : pb::IMessage<Int32Message> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Int32Message> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Int32Message>(() => new Int32Message());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Int32Message> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[18]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int32Message() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int32Message(Int32Message other) : this() {
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int32Message Clone() {
+      return new Int32Message(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private int data_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Data {
+      get { return data_; }
+      set {
+        data_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Int32Message);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Int32Message other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Data != 0) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Data != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Data != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Int32Message other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Data != 0) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Data = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class Uint32Message : pb::IMessage<Uint32Message> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Uint32Message> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Uint32Message>(() => new Uint32Message());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Uint32Message> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[19]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Uint32Message() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Uint32Message(Uint32Message other) : this() {
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Uint32Message Clone() {
+      return new Uint32Message(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private uint data_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint Data {
+      get { return data_; }
+      set {
+        data_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Uint32Message);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Uint32Message other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Data != 0) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Data != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteUInt32(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Data != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Uint32Message other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Data != 0) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Data = input.ReadUInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class Int64Message : pb::IMessage<Int64Message> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Int64Message> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Int64Message>(() => new Int64Message());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Int64Message> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[20]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int64Message() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int64Message(Int64Message other) : this() {
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int64Message Clone() {
+      return new Int64Message(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private long data_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Data {
+      get { return data_; }
+      set {
+        data_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Int64Message);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Int64Message other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Data != 0L) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Data != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt64(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Data != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Int64Message other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Data != 0L) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Data = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class Uint64Message : pb::IMessage<Uint64Message> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Uint64Message> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Uint64Message>(() => new Uint64Message());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Uint64Message> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[21]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Uint64Message() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Uint64Message(Uint64Message other) : this() {
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Uint64Message Clone() {
+      return new Uint64Message(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private ulong data_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong Data {
+      get { return data_; }
+      set {
+        data_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Uint64Message);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Uint64Message other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Data != 0UL) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Data != 0UL) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteUInt64(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Data != 0UL) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Uint64Message other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Data != 0UL) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Data = input.ReadUInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class BoolMessage : pb::IMessage<BoolMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<BoolMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<BoolMessage>(() => new BoolMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<BoolMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[22]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BoolMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BoolMessage(BoolMessage other) : this() {
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BoolMessage Clone() {
+      return new BoolMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "data" field.</summary>
+    public const int DataFieldNumber = 1;
+    private bool data_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Data {
+      get { return data_; }
+      set {
+        data_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as BoolMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(BoolMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Data != other.Data) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Data != false) hash ^= Data.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Data != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteBool(Data);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Data != false) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(BoolMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Data != false) {
+        Data = other.Data;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Data = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test oneofs.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestOneof : pb::IMessage<TestOneof> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestOneof> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestOneof>(() => new TestOneof());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestOneof> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[23]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestOneof() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestOneof(TestOneof other) : this() {
+      switch (other.FooCase) {
+        case FooOneofCase.FooInt:
+          FooInt = other.FooInt;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooString:
+          FooString = other.FooString;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooMessage:
+          FooMessage = other.FooMessage.Clone();
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestOneof Clone() {
+      return new TestOneof(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_int" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooIntFieldNumber = 1;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int FooInt {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooInt ? (int) foo_ : 0; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+        fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.FooInt;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_string" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooStringFieldNumber = 2;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string FooString {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooString ? (string) foo_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.FooString;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "foo_message" field.</summary>
+    public const int FooMessageFieldNumber = 3;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes FooMessage {
+      get { return fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooMessage ? (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes) foo_ : null; }
+      set {
+        foo_ = value;
+        fooCase_ = value == null ? FooOneofCase.None : FooOneofCase.FooMessage;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object foo_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "foo" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum FooOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      FooInt = 1,
+      FooString = 2,
+      FooMessage = 3,
+    }
+    private FooOneofCase fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooOneofCase FooCase {
+      get { return fooCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearFoo() {
+      fooCase_ = FooOneofCase.None;
+      foo_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestOneof);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestOneof other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (FooInt != other.FooInt) return false;
+      if (FooString != other.FooString) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(FooMessage, other.FooMessage)) return false;
+      if (FooCase != other.FooCase) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooInt) hash ^= FooInt.GetHashCode();
+      if (fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooString) hash ^= FooString.GetHashCode();
+      if (fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooMessage) hash ^= FooMessage.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) fooCase_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooInt) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(FooInt);
+      }
+      if (fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooString) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(FooString);
+      }
+      if (fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooMessage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteMessage(FooMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooInt) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(FooInt);
+      }
+      if (fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooString) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(FooString);
+      }
+      if (fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooMessage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(FooMessage);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestOneof other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      switch (other.FooCase) {
+        case FooOneofCase.FooInt:
+          FooInt = other.FooInt;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooString:
+          FooString = other.FooString;
+          break;
+        case FooOneofCase.FooMessage:
+          if (FooMessage == null) {
+            FooMessage = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes();
+          }
+          FooMessage.MergeFrom(other.FooMessage);
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            FooInt = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            FooString = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestAllTypes();
+            if (fooCase_ == FooOneofCase.FooMessage) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(FooMessage);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            FooMessage = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestPackedTypes : pb::IMessage<TestPackedTypes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestPackedTypes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestPackedTypes>(() => new TestPackedTypes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestPackedTypes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[24]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestPackedTypes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestPackedTypes(TestPackedTypes other) : this() {
+      packedInt32_ = other.packedInt32_.Clone();
+      packedInt64_ = other.packedInt64_.Clone();
+      packedUint32_ = other.packedUint32_.Clone();
+      packedUint64_ = other.packedUint64_.Clone();
+      packedSint32_ = other.packedSint32_.Clone();
+      packedSint64_ = other.packedSint64_.Clone();
+      packedFixed32_ = other.packedFixed32_.Clone();
+      packedFixed64_ = other.packedFixed64_.Clone();
+      packedSfixed32_ = other.packedSfixed32_.Clone();
+      packedSfixed64_ = other.packedSfixed64_.Clone();
+      packedFloat_ = other.packedFloat_.Clone();
+      packedDouble_ = other.packedDouble_.Clone();
+      packedBool_ = other.packedBool_.Clone();
+      packedEnum_ = other.packedEnum_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestPackedTypes Clone() {
+      return new TestPackedTypes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedInt32FieldNumber = 90;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_packedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(722);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> packedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PackedInt32 {
+      get { return packedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedInt64FieldNumber = 91;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_packedInt64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(730);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> packedInt64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> PackedInt64 {
+      get { return packedInt64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedUint32FieldNumber = 92;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_packedUint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(738);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> packedUint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> PackedUint32 {
+      get { return packedUint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedUint64FieldNumber = 93;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_packedUint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(746);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> packedUint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> PackedUint64 {
+      get { return packedUint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSint32FieldNumber = 94;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_packedSint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(754);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> packedSint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PackedSint32 {
+      get { return packedSint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSint64FieldNumber = 95;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_packedSint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(762);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> packedSint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> PackedSint64 {
+      get { return packedSint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedFixed32FieldNumber = 96;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_packedFixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(770);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> packedFixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> PackedFixed32 {
+      get { return packedFixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedFixed64FieldNumber = 97;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_packedFixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(778);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> packedFixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> PackedFixed64 {
+      get { return packedFixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSfixed32FieldNumber = 98;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_packedSfixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(786);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> packedSfixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PackedSfixed32 {
+      get { return packedSfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedSfixed64FieldNumber = 99;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_packedSfixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(794);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> packedSfixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> PackedSfixed64 {
+      get { return packedSfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedFloatFieldNumber = 100;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float> _repeated_packedFloat_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(802);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float> packedFloat_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float> PackedFloat {
+      get { return packedFloat_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedDoubleFieldNumber = 101;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double> _repeated_packedDouble_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(810);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<double> packedDouble_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<double> PackedDouble {
+      get { return packedDouble_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedBoolFieldNumber = 102;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool> _repeated_packedBool_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(818);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<bool> packedBool_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<bool> PackedBool {
+      get { return packedBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedEnumFieldNumber = 103;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum> _repeated_packedEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(826, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum> packedEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum> PackedEnum {
+      get { return packedEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestPackedTypes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestPackedTypes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!packedInt32_.Equals(other.packedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedInt64_.Equals(other.packedInt64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedUint32_.Equals(other.packedUint32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedUint64_.Equals(other.packedUint64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSint32_.Equals(other.packedSint32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSint64_.Equals(other.packedSint64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedFixed32_.Equals(other.packedFixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedFixed64_.Equals(other.packedFixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSfixed32_.Equals(other.packedSfixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!packedSfixed64_.Equals(other.packedSfixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!packedFloat_.Equals(other.packedFloat_)) return false;
+      if(!packedDouble_.Equals(other.packedDouble_)) return false;
+      if(!packedBool_.Equals(other.packedBool_)) return false;
+      if(!packedEnum_.Equals(other.packedEnum_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= packedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedInt64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedUint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedUint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedFixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedFixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSfixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedSfixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedFloat_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedDouble_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedBool_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= packedEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      packedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+      packedInt64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedInt64_codec);
+      packedUint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedUint32_codec);
+      packedUint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedUint64_codec);
+      packedSint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSint32_codec);
+      packedSint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSint64_codec);
+      packedFixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedFixed32_codec);
+      packedFixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedFixed64_codec);
+      packedSfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSfixed32_codec);
+      packedSfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedSfixed64_codec);
+      packedFloat_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedFloat_codec);
+      packedDouble_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedDouble_codec);
+      packedBool_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedBool_codec);
+      packedEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_packedEnum_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += packedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+      size += packedInt64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedInt64_codec);
+      size += packedUint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedUint32_codec);
+      size += packedUint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedUint64_codec);
+      size += packedSint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSint32_codec);
+      size += packedSint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSint64_codec);
+      size += packedFixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedFixed32_codec);
+      size += packedFixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedFixed64_codec);
+      size += packedSfixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSfixed32_codec);
+      size += packedSfixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedSfixed64_codec);
+      size += packedFloat_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedFloat_codec);
+      size += packedDouble_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedDouble_codec);
+      size += packedBool_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedBool_codec);
+      size += packedEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_packedEnum_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestPackedTypes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      packedInt32_.Add(other.packedInt32_);
+      packedInt64_.Add(other.packedInt64_);
+      packedUint32_.Add(other.packedUint32_);
+      packedUint64_.Add(other.packedUint64_);
+      packedSint32_.Add(other.packedSint32_);
+      packedSint64_.Add(other.packedSint64_);
+      packedFixed32_.Add(other.packedFixed32_);
+      packedFixed64_.Add(other.packedFixed64_);
+      packedSfixed32_.Add(other.packedSfixed32_);
+      packedSfixed64_.Add(other.packedSfixed64_);
+      packedFloat_.Add(other.packedFloat_);
+      packedDouble_.Add(other.packedDouble_);
+      packedBool_.Add(other.packedBool_);
+      packedEnum_.Add(other.packedEnum_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 722:
+          case 720: {
+            packedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 730:
+          case 728: {
+            packedInt64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedInt64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 738:
+          case 736: {
+            packedUint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedUint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 746:
+          case 744: {
+            packedUint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedUint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 754:
+          case 752: {
+            packedSint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 762:
+          case 760: {
+            packedSint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 770:
+          case 773: {
+            packedFixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedFixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 778:
+          case 777: {
+            packedFixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedFixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 786:
+          case 789: {
+            packedSfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 794:
+          case 793: {
+            packedSfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedSfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 802:
+          case 805: {
+            packedFloat_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedFloat_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 810:
+          case 809: {
+            packedDouble_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedDouble_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 818:
+          case 816: {
+            packedBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 826:
+          case 824: {
+            packedEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_packedEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// A message with the same fields as TestPackedTypes, but without packing. Used
+  /// to test packed &lt;-> unpacked wire compatibility.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestUnpackedTypes : pb::IMessage<TestUnpackedTypes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestUnpackedTypes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestUnpackedTypes>(() => new TestUnpackedTypes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestUnpackedTypes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[25]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestUnpackedTypes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestUnpackedTypes(TestUnpackedTypes other) : this() {
+      unpackedInt32_ = other.unpackedInt32_.Clone();
+      unpackedInt64_ = other.unpackedInt64_.Clone();
+      unpackedUint32_ = other.unpackedUint32_.Clone();
+      unpackedUint64_ = other.unpackedUint64_.Clone();
+      unpackedSint32_ = other.unpackedSint32_.Clone();
+      unpackedSint64_ = other.unpackedSint64_.Clone();
+      unpackedFixed32_ = other.unpackedFixed32_.Clone();
+      unpackedFixed64_ = other.unpackedFixed64_.Clone();
+      unpackedSfixed32_ = other.unpackedSfixed32_.Clone();
+      unpackedSfixed64_ = other.unpackedSfixed64_.Clone();
+      unpackedFloat_ = other.unpackedFloat_.Clone();
+      unpackedDouble_ = other.unpackedDouble_.Clone();
+      unpackedBool_ = other.unpackedBool_.Clone();
+      unpackedEnum_ = other.unpackedEnum_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestUnpackedTypes Clone() {
+      return new TestUnpackedTypes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedInt32FieldNumber = 90;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_unpackedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(720);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> unpackedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> UnpackedInt32 {
+      get { return unpackedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedInt64FieldNumber = 91;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_unpackedInt64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(728);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> unpackedInt64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> UnpackedInt64 {
+      get { return unpackedInt64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_uint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedUint32FieldNumber = 92;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_unpackedUint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt32(736);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> unpackedUint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> UnpackedUint32 {
+      get { return unpackedUint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedUint64FieldNumber = 93;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_unpackedUint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(744);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> unpackedUint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> UnpackedUint64 {
+      get { return unpackedUint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sint32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSint32FieldNumber = 94;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_unpackedSint32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt32(752);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> unpackedSint32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> UnpackedSint32 {
+      get { return unpackedSint32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSint64FieldNumber = 95;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_unpackedSint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSInt64(760);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> unpackedSint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> UnpackedSint64 {
+      get { return unpackedSint64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedFixed32FieldNumber = 96;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(773);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> unpackedFixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> UnpackedFixed32 {
+      get { return unpackedFixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedFixed64FieldNumber = 97;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(777);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> unpackedFixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> UnpackedFixed64 {
+      get { return unpackedFixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sfixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSfixed32FieldNumber = 98;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(789);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> unpackedSfixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> UnpackedSfixed32 {
+      get { return unpackedSfixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_sfixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedSfixed64FieldNumber = 99;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(793);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> unpackedSfixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> UnpackedSfixed64 {
+      get { return unpackedSfixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedFloatFieldNumber = 100;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float> _repeated_unpackedFloat_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(805);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float> unpackedFloat_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float> UnpackedFloat {
+      get { return unpackedFloat_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_double" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedDoubleFieldNumber = 101;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double> _repeated_unpackedDouble_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForDouble(809);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<double> unpackedDouble_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<double>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<double> UnpackedDouble {
+      get { return unpackedDouble_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_bool" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedBoolFieldNumber = 102;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool> _repeated_unpackedBool_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForBool(816);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<bool> unpackedBool_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<bool>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<bool> UnpackedBool {
+      get { return unpackedBool_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "unpacked_enum" field.</summary>
+    public const int UnpackedEnumFieldNumber = 103;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum> _repeated_unpackedEnum_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum(824, x => (int) x, x => (global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum) x);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum> unpackedEnum_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.ForeignEnum> UnpackedEnum {
+      get { return unpackedEnum_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestUnpackedTypes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestUnpackedTypes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!unpackedInt32_.Equals(other.unpackedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedInt64_.Equals(other.unpackedInt64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedUint32_.Equals(other.unpackedUint32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedUint64_.Equals(other.unpackedUint64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSint32_.Equals(other.unpackedSint32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSint64_.Equals(other.unpackedSint64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedFixed32_.Equals(other.unpackedFixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedFixed64_.Equals(other.unpackedFixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSfixed32_.Equals(other.unpackedSfixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedSfixed64_.Equals(other.unpackedSfixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedFloat_.Equals(other.unpackedFloat_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedDouble_.Equals(other.unpackedDouble_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedBool_.Equals(other.unpackedBool_)) return false;
+      if(!unpackedEnum_.Equals(other.unpackedEnum_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= unpackedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedInt64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedUint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedUint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSint32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSint64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedFixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedFixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSfixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedSfixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedFloat_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedDouble_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedBool_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= unpackedEnum_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      unpackedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedInt32_codec);
+      unpackedInt64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedInt64_codec);
+      unpackedUint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedUint32_codec);
+      unpackedUint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedUint64_codec);
+      unpackedSint32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSint32_codec);
+      unpackedSint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSint64_codec);
+      unpackedFixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec);
+      unpackedFixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec);
+      unpackedSfixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec);
+      unpackedSfixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec);
+      unpackedFloat_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedFloat_codec);
+      unpackedDouble_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedDouble_codec);
+      unpackedBool_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedBool_codec);
+      unpackedEnum_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_unpackedEnum_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += unpackedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedInt32_codec);
+      size += unpackedInt64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedInt64_codec);
+      size += unpackedUint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedUint32_codec);
+      size += unpackedUint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedUint64_codec);
+      size += unpackedSint32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSint32_codec);
+      size += unpackedSint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSint64_codec);
+      size += unpackedFixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec);
+      size += unpackedFixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec);
+      size += unpackedSfixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec);
+      size += unpackedSfixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec);
+      size += unpackedFloat_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedFloat_codec);
+      size += unpackedDouble_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedDouble_codec);
+      size += unpackedBool_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedBool_codec);
+      size += unpackedEnum_.CalculateSize(_repeated_unpackedEnum_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestUnpackedTypes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      unpackedInt32_.Add(other.unpackedInt32_);
+      unpackedInt64_.Add(other.unpackedInt64_);
+      unpackedUint32_.Add(other.unpackedUint32_);
+      unpackedUint64_.Add(other.unpackedUint64_);
+      unpackedSint32_.Add(other.unpackedSint32_);
+      unpackedSint64_.Add(other.unpackedSint64_);
+      unpackedFixed32_.Add(other.unpackedFixed32_);
+      unpackedFixed64_.Add(other.unpackedFixed64_);
+      unpackedSfixed32_.Add(other.unpackedSfixed32_);
+      unpackedSfixed64_.Add(other.unpackedSfixed64_);
+      unpackedFloat_.Add(other.unpackedFloat_);
+      unpackedDouble_.Add(other.unpackedDouble_);
+      unpackedBool_.Add(other.unpackedBool_);
+      unpackedEnum_.Add(other.unpackedEnum_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 722:
+          case 720: {
+            unpackedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 730:
+          case 728: {
+            unpackedInt64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedInt64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 738:
+          case 736: {
+            unpackedUint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedUint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 746:
+          case 744: {
+            unpackedUint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedUint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 754:
+          case 752: {
+            unpackedSint32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSint32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 762:
+          case 760: {
+            unpackedSint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 770:
+          case 773: {
+            unpackedFixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedFixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 778:
+          case 777: {
+            unpackedFixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedFixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 786:
+          case 789: {
+            unpackedSfixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSfixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 794:
+          case 793: {
+            unpackedSfixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedSfixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 802:
+          case 805: {
+            unpackedFloat_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedFloat_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 810:
+          case 809: {
+            unpackedDouble_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedDouble_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 818:
+          case 816: {
+            unpackedBool_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedBool_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 826:
+          case 824: {
+            unpackedEnum_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_unpackedEnum_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes : pb::IMessage<TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes>(() => new TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[26]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes(TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes other) : this() {
+      repeatedFixed32_ = other.repeatedFixed32_.Clone();
+      repeatedInt32_ = other.repeatedInt32_.Clone();
+      repeatedFixed64_ = other.repeatedFixed64_.Clone();
+      repeatedInt64_ = other.repeatedInt64_.Clone();
+      repeatedFloat_ = other.repeatedFloat_.Clone();
+      repeatedUint64_ = other.repeatedUint64_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes Clone() {
+      return new TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_fixed32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFixed32FieldNumber = 12;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint> _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed32(98);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint> repeatedFixed32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Parsing repeated fixed size values used to fail. This message needs to be
+    /// used in order to get a tag of the right size; all of the repeated fields
+    /// in TestAllTypes didn't trigger the check.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint> RepeatedFixed32 {
+      get { return repeatedFixed32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int32" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt32FieldNumber = 13;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(106);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> repeatedInt32_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Check for a varint type, just for good measure.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> RepeatedInt32 {
+      get { return repeatedInt32_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_fixed64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFixed64FieldNumber = 2046;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFixed64(16370);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> repeatedFixed64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// These have two-byte tags.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> RepeatedFixed64 {
+      get { return repeatedFixed64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_int64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedInt64FieldNumber = 2047;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long> _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt64(16378);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long> repeatedInt64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long> RepeatedInt64 {
+      get { return repeatedInt64_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_float" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedFloatFieldNumber = 262142;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float> _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForFloat(2097138);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float> repeatedFloat_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Three byte tags.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float> RepeatedFloat {
+      get { return repeatedFloat_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "repeated_uint64" field.</summary>
+    public const int RepeatedUint64FieldNumber = 262143;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong> _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForUInt64(2097146);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> repeatedUint64_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong> RepeatedUint64 {
+      get { return repeatedUint64_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!repeatedFixed32_.Equals(other.repeatedFixed32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt32_.Equals(other.repeatedInt32_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFixed64_.Equals(other.repeatedFixed64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedInt64_.Equals(other.repeatedInt64_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedFloat_.Equals(other.repeatedFloat_)) return false;
+      if(!repeatedUint64_.Equals(other.repeatedUint64_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= repeatedFixed32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt32_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFixed64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedInt64_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedFloat_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= repeatedUint64_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      repeatedFixed32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+      repeatedInt32_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      repeatedFixed64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+      repeatedInt64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+      repeatedFloat_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+      repeatedUint64_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += repeatedFixed32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+      size += repeatedInt32_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+      size += repeatedFixed64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+      size += repeatedInt64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+      size += repeatedFloat_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+      size += repeatedUint64_.CalculateSize(_repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      repeatedFixed32_.Add(other.repeatedFixed32_);
+      repeatedInt32_.Add(other.repeatedInt32_);
+      repeatedFixed64_.Add(other.repeatedFixed64_);
+      repeatedInt64_.Add(other.repeatedInt64_);
+      repeatedFloat_.Add(other.repeatedFloat_);
+      repeatedUint64_.Add(other.repeatedUint64_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 98:
+          case 101: {
+            repeatedFixed32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFixed32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 106:
+          case 104: {
+            repeatedInt32_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt32_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16370:
+          case 16369: {
+            repeatedFixed64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFixed64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16378:
+          case 16376: {
+            repeatedInt64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedInt64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2097138:
+          case 2097141: {
+            repeatedFloat_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedFloat_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 2097146:
+          case 2097144: {
+            repeatedUint64_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_repeatedUint64_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestCommentInjectionMessage : pb::IMessage<TestCommentInjectionMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestCommentInjectionMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestCommentInjectionMessage>(() => new TestCommentInjectionMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestCommentInjectionMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[27]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestCommentInjectionMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestCommentInjectionMessage(TestCommentInjectionMessage other) : this() {
+      a_ = other.a_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestCommentInjectionMessage Clone() {
+      return new TestCommentInjectionMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "a" field.</summary>
+    public const int AFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string a_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// */ &lt;- This should not close the generated doc comment
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string A {
+      get { return a_; }
+      set {
+        a_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestCommentInjectionMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestCommentInjectionMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (A != other.A) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (A.Length != 0) hash ^= A.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (A.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(A);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (A.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(A);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestCommentInjectionMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.A.Length != 0) {
+        A = other.A;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            A = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test that RPC services work.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class FooRequest : pb::IMessage<FooRequest> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FooRequest> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FooRequest>(() => new FooRequest());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FooRequest> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[28]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooRequest() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooRequest(FooRequest other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooRequest Clone() {
+      return new FooRequest(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FooRequest);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FooRequest other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FooRequest other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class FooResponse : pb::IMessage<FooResponse> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FooResponse> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FooResponse>(() => new FooResponse());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FooResponse> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[29]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooResponse() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooResponse(FooResponse other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooResponse Clone() {
+      return new FooResponse(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FooResponse);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FooResponse other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FooResponse other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class FooClientMessage : pb::IMessage<FooClientMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FooClientMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FooClientMessage>(() => new FooClientMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FooClientMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[30]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooClientMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooClientMessage(FooClientMessage other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooClientMessage Clone() {
+      return new FooClientMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FooClientMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FooClientMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FooClientMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class FooServerMessage : pb::IMessage<FooServerMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FooServerMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FooServerMessage>(() => new FooServerMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FooServerMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[31]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooServerMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooServerMessage(FooServerMessage other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FooServerMessage Clone() {
+      return new FooServerMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FooServerMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FooServerMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FooServerMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class BarRequest : pb::IMessage<BarRequest> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<BarRequest> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<BarRequest>(() => new BarRequest());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<BarRequest> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[32]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BarRequest() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BarRequest(BarRequest other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BarRequest Clone() {
+      return new BarRequest(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as BarRequest);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(BarRequest other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(BarRequest other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class BarResponse : pb::IMessage<BarResponse> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<BarResponse> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<BarResponse>(() => new BarResponse());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<BarResponse> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[33]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BarResponse() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BarResponse(BarResponse other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BarResponse Clone() {
+      return new BarResponse(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as BarResponse);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(BarResponse other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(BarResponse other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class TestEmptyMessage : pb::IMessage<TestEmptyMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestEmptyMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestEmptyMessage>(() => new TestEmptyMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestEmptyMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[34]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEmptyMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEmptyMessage(TestEmptyMessage other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestEmptyMessage Clone() {
+      return new TestEmptyMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestEmptyMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestEmptyMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestEmptyMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// This is a leading comment
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class CommentMessage : pb::IMessage<CommentMessage> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<CommentMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<CommentMessage>(() => new CommentMessage());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<CommentMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[35]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CommentMessage() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CommentMessage(CommentMessage other) : this() {
+      text_ = other.text_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public CommentMessage Clone() {
+      return new CommentMessage(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "text" field.</summary>
+    public const int TextFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string text_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Leading field comment
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Text {
+      get { return text_; }
+      set {
+        text_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as CommentMessage);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(CommentMessage other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Text != other.Text) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Text.Length != 0) hash ^= Text.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Text.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Text);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Text.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Text);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(CommentMessage other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Text.Length != 0) {
+        Text = other.Text;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Text = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the CommentMessage message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Leading nested enum comment
+      /// </summary>
+      public enum NestedCommentEnum {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Zero value comment
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("ZERO_VALUE")] ZeroValue = 0,
+      }
+
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Leading nested message comment
+      /// </summary>
+      public sealed partial class NestedCommentMessage : pb::IMessage<NestedCommentMessage> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NestedCommentMessage> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NestedCommentMessage>(() => new NestedCommentMessage());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<NestedCommentMessage> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.CommentMessage.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedCommentMessage() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedCommentMessage(NestedCommentMessage other) : this() {
+          nestedText_ = other.nestedText_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NestedCommentMessage Clone() {
+          return new NestedCommentMessage(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "nested_text" field.</summary>
+        public const int NestedTextFieldNumber = 1;
+        private string nestedText_ = "";
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Leading nested message field comment
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public string NestedText {
+          get { return nestedText_; }
+          set {
+            nestedText_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as NestedCommentMessage);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(NestedCommentMessage other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (NestedText != other.NestedText) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (NestedText.Length != 0) hash ^= NestedText.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (NestedText.Length != 0) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(10);
+            output.WriteString(NestedText);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (NestedText.Length != 0) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(NestedText);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(NestedCommentMessage other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.NestedText.Length != 0) {
+            NestedText = other.NestedText;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 10: {
+                NestedText = input.ReadString();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestWellKnownTypes.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestWellKnownTypes.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90b338436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos/UnittestWellKnownTypes.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,2625 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.TestProtos {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class UnittestWellKnownTypesReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static UnittestWellKnownTypesReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Ci9nb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvdW5pdHRlc3Rfd2VsbF9rbm93bl90eXBlcy5w",
+            "cm90bxIRcHJvdG9idWZfdW5pdHRlc3QaGWdvb2dsZS9wcm90b2J1Zi9hbnku",
+            "cHJvdG8aGWdvb2dsZS9wcm90b2J1Zi9hcGkucHJvdG8aHmdvb2dsZS9wcm90",
+            "b2J1Zi9kdXJhdGlvbi5wcm90bxobZ29vZ2xlL3Byb3RvYnVmL2VtcHR5LnBy",
+            "b3RvGiBnb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvZmllbGRfbWFzay5wcm90bxokZ29vZ2xl",
+            "L3Byb3RvYnVmL3NvdXJjZV9jb250ZXh0LnByb3RvGhxnb29nbGUvcHJvdG9i",
+            "dWYvc3RydWN0LnByb3RvGh9nb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvdGltZXN0YW1wLnBy",
+            "b3RvGhpnb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvdHlwZS5wcm90bxoeZ29vZ2xlL3Byb3Rv",
+            "YnVmL3dyYXBwZXJzLnByb3RvIr4HChJUZXN0V2VsbEtub3duVHlwZXMSJwoJ",
+            "YW55X2ZpZWxkGAEgASgLMhQuZ29vZ2xlLnByb3RvYnVmLkFueRInCglhcGlf",
+            "ZmllbGQYAiABKAsyFC5nb29nbGUucHJvdG9idWYuQXBpEjEKDmR1cmF0aW9u",
+            "X2ZpZWxkGAMgASgLMhkuZ29vZ2xlLnByb3RvYnVmLkR1cmF0aW9uEisKC2Vt",
+            "cHR5X2ZpZWxkGAQgASgLMhYuZ29vZ2xlLnByb3RvYnVmLkVtcHR5EjQKEGZp",
+            "ZWxkX21hc2tfZmllbGQYBSABKAsyGi5nb29nbGUucHJvdG9idWYuRmllbGRN",
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+            "dFByb3Rvc2IGcHJvdG8z"));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.AnyReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ApiReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.DurationReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.EmptyReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMaskReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContextReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.StructReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.TimestampReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.TypeReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.WrappersReflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestWellKnownTypes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.TestWellKnownTypes.Parser, new[]{ "AnyField", "ApiField", "DurationField", "EmptyField", "FieldMaskField", "SourceContextField", "StructField", "TimestampField", "TypeField", "DoubleField", "FloatField", "Int64Field", "Uint64Field", "Int32Field", "Uint32Field", "BoolField", "StringField", "BytesField", "ValueField" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.RepeatedWellKnownTypes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.RepeatedWellKnownTypes.Parser, new[]{ "AnyField", "ApiField", "DurationField", "EmptyField", "FieldMaskField", "SourceContextField", "StructField", "TimestampField", "TypeField", "DoubleField", "FloatField", "Int64Field", "Uint64Field", "Int32Field", "Uint32Field", "BoolField", "StringField", "BytesField" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.OneofWellKnownTypes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.OneofWellKnownTypes.Parser, new[]{ "AnyField", "ApiField", "DurationField", "EmptyField", "FieldMaskField", "SourceContextField", "StructField", "TimestampField", "TypeField", "DoubleField", "FloatField", "Int64Field", "Uint64Field", "Int32Field", "Uint32Field", "BoolField", "StringField", "BytesField" }, new[]{ "OneofField" }, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapWellKnownTypes), global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.MapWellKnownTypes.Parser, new[]{ "AnyField", "ApiField", "DurationField", "EmptyField", "FieldMaskField", "SourceContextField", "StructField", "TimestampField", "TypeField", "DoubleField", "FloatField", "Int64Field", "Uint64Field", "Int32Field", "Uint32Field", "BoolField", "StringField", "BytesField" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, })
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Test that we can include all well-known types.
+  /// Each wrapper type is included separately, as languages
+  /// map handle different wrappers in different ways.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class TestWellKnownTypes : pb::IMessage<TestWellKnownTypes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<TestWellKnownTypes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<TestWellKnownTypes>(() => new TestWellKnownTypes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<TestWellKnownTypes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestWellKnownTypesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestWellKnownTypes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestWellKnownTypes(TestWellKnownTypes other) : this() {
+      anyField_ = other.anyField_ != null ? other.anyField_.Clone() : null;
+      apiField_ = other.apiField_ != null ? other.apiField_.Clone() : null;
+      durationField_ = other.durationField_ != null ? other.durationField_.Clone() : null;
+      emptyField_ = other.emptyField_ != null ? other.emptyField_.Clone() : null;
+      fieldMaskField_ = other.fieldMaskField_ != null ? other.fieldMaskField_.Clone() : null;
+      sourceContextField_ = other.sourceContextField_ != null ? other.sourceContextField_.Clone() : null;
+      structField_ = other.structField_ != null ? other.structField_.Clone() : null;
+      timestampField_ = other.timestampField_ != null ? other.timestampField_.Clone() : null;
+      typeField_ = other.typeField_ != null ? other.typeField_.Clone() : null;
+      DoubleField = other.DoubleField;
+      FloatField = other.FloatField;
+      Int64Field = other.Int64Field;
+      Uint64Field = other.Uint64Field;
+      Int32Field = other.Int32Field;
+      Uint32Field = other.Uint32Field;
+      BoolField = other.BoolField;
+      StringField = other.StringField;
+      BytesField = other.BytesField;
+      valueField_ = other.valueField_ != null ? other.valueField_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public TestWellKnownTypes Clone() {
+      return new TestWellKnownTypes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "any_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int AnyFieldFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any anyField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any AnyField {
+      get { return anyField_; }
+      set {
+        anyField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "api_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int ApiFieldFieldNumber = 2;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api apiField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api ApiField {
+      get { return apiField_; }
+      set {
+        apiField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "duration_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int DurationFieldFieldNumber = 3;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration durationField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration DurationField {
+      get { return durationField_; }
+      set {
+        durationField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "empty_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int EmptyFieldFieldNumber = 4;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty emptyField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty EmptyField {
+      get { return emptyField_; }
+      set {
+        emptyField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field_mask_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldMaskFieldFieldNumber = 5;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask fieldMaskField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask FieldMaskField {
+      get { return fieldMaskField_; }
+      set {
+        fieldMaskField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "source_context_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int SourceContextFieldFieldNumber = 6;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext sourceContextField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext SourceContextField {
+      get { return sourceContextField_; }
+      set {
+        sourceContextField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "struct_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int StructFieldFieldNumber = 7;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct structField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct StructField {
+      get { return structField_; }
+      set {
+        structField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "timestamp_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int TimestampFieldFieldNumber = 8;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp timestampField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp TimestampField {
+      get { return timestampField_; }
+      set {
+        timestampField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "type_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int TypeFieldFieldNumber = 9;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type typeField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type TypeField {
+      get { return typeField_; }
+      set {
+        typeField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleFieldFieldNumber = 10;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _single_doubleField_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(82);
+    private double? doubleField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField {
+      get { return doubleField_; }
+      set {
+        doubleField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "float_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int FloatFieldFieldNumber = 11;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float?> _single_floatField_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<float>(90);
+    private float? floatField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float? FloatField {
+      get { return floatField_; }
+      set {
+        floatField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64FieldFieldNumber = 12;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _single_int64Field_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(98);
+    private long? int64Field_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field {
+      get { return int64Field_; }
+      set {
+        int64Field_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uint64_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Uint64FieldFieldNumber = 13;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong?> _single_uint64Field_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<ulong>(106);
+    private ulong? uint64Field_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong? Uint64Field {
+      get { return uint64Field_; }
+      set {
+        uint64Field_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int32_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int32FieldFieldNumber = 14;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int?> _single_int32Field_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<int>(114);
+    private int? int32Field_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int? Int32Field {
+      get { return int32Field_; }
+      set {
+        int32Field_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uint32_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Uint32FieldFieldNumber = 15;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint?> _single_uint32Field_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<uint>(122);
+    private uint? uint32Field_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint? Uint32Field {
+      get { return uint32Field_; }
+      set {
+        uint32Field_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bool_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int BoolFieldFieldNumber = 16;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool?> _single_boolField_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<bool>(130);
+    private bool? boolField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool? BoolField {
+      get { return boolField_; }
+      set {
+        boolField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "string_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringFieldFieldNumber = 17;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _single_stringField_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<string>(138);
+    private string stringField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string StringField {
+      get { return stringField_; }
+      set {
+        stringField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bytes_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int BytesFieldFieldNumber = 18;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<pb::ByteString> _single_bytesField_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<pb::ByteString>(146);
+    private pb::ByteString bytesField_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString BytesField {
+      get { return bytesField_; }
+      set {
+        bytesField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldFieldNumber = 19;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value valueField_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Part of struct, but useful to be able to test separately
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value ValueField {
+      get { return valueField_; }
+      set {
+        valueField_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as TestWellKnownTypes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(TestWellKnownTypes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(AnyField, other.AnyField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(ApiField, other.ApiField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(DurationField, other.DurationField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(EmptyField, other.EmptyField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(FieldMaskField, other.FieldMaskField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(SourceContextField, other.SourceContextField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(StructField, other.StructField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(TimestampField, other.TimestampField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(TypeField, other.TypeField)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField, other.DoubleField)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(FloatField, other.FloatField)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field != other.Int64Field) return false;
+      if (Uint64Field != other.Uint64Field) return false;
+      if (Int32Field != other.Int32Field) return false;
+      if (Uint32Field != other.Uint32Field) return false;
+      if (BoolField != other.BoolField) return false;
+      if (StringField != other.StringField) return false;
+      if (BytesField != other.BytesField) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(ValueField, other.ValueField)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (anyField_ != null) hash ^= AnyField.GetHashCode();
+      if (apiField_ != null) hash ^= ApiField.GetHashCode();
+      if (durationField_ != null) hash ^= DurationField.GetHashCode();
+      if (emptyField_ != null) hash ^= EmptyField.GetHashCode();
+      if (fieldMaskField_ != null) hash ^= FieldMaskField.GetHashCode();
+      if (sourceContextField_ != null) hash ^= SourceContextField.GetHashCode();
+      if (structField_ != null) hash ^= StructField.GetHashCode();
+      if (timestampField_ != null) hash ^= TimestampField.GetHashCode();
+      if (typeField_ != null) hash ^= TypeField.GetHashCode();
+      if (doubleField_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField);
+      if (floatField_ != null) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(FloatField);
+      if (int64Field_ != null) hash ^= Int64Field.GetHashCode();
+      if (uint64Field_ != null) hash ^= Uint64Field.GetHashCode();
+      if (int32Field_ != null) hash ^= Int32Field.GetHashCode();
+      if (uint32Field_ != null) hash ^= Uint32Field.GetHashCode();
+      if (boolField_ != null) hash ^= BoolField.GetHashCode();
+      if (stringField_ != null) hash ^= StringField.GetHashCode();
+      if (bytesField_ != null) hash ^= BytesField.GetHashCode();
+      if (valueField_ != null) hash ^= ValueField.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (anyField_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(AnyField);
+      }
+      if (apiField_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteMessage(ApiField);
+      }
+      if (durationField_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteMessage(DurationField);
+      }
+      if (emptyField_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(34);
+        output.WriteMessage(EmptyField);
+      }
+      if (fieldMaskField_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(42);
+        output.WriteMessage(FieldMaskField);
+      }
+      if (sourceContextField_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(50);
+        output.WriteMessage(SourceContextField);
+      }
+      if (structField_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(58);
+        output.WriteMessage(StructField);
+      }
+      if (timestampField_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(66);
+        output.WriteMessage(TimestampField);
+      }
+      if (typeField_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(74);
+        output.WriteMessage(TypeField);
+      }
+      if (doubleField_ != null) {
+        _single_doubleField_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, DoubleField);
+      }
+      if (floatField_ != null) {
+        _single_floatField_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, FloatField);
+      }
+      if (int64Field_ != null) {
+        _single_int64Field_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int64Field);
+      }
+      if (uint64Field_ != null) {
+        _single_uint64Field_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Uint64Field);
+      }
+      if (int32Field_ != null) {
+        _single_int32Field_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Int32Field);
+      }
+      if (uint32Field_ != null) {
+        _single_uint32Field_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Uint32Field);
+      }
+      if (boolField_ != null) {
+        _single_boolField_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, BoolField);
+      }
+      if (stringField_ != null) {
+        _single_stringField_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, StringField);
+      }
+      if (bytesField_ != null) {
+        _single_bytesField_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, BytesField);
+      }
+      if (valueField_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(154, 1);
+        output.WriteMessage(ValueField);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (anyField_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(AnyField);
+      }
+      if (apiField_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(ApiField);
+      }
+      if (durationField_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(DurationField);
+      }
+      if (emptyField_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(EmptyField);
+      }
+      if (fieldMaskField_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(FieldMaskField);
+      }
+      if (sourceContextField_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SourceContextField);
+      }
+      if (structField_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(StructField);
+      }
+      if (timestampField_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(TimestampField);
+      }
+      if (typeField_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(TypeField);
+      }
+      if (doubleField_ != null) {
+        size += _single_doubleField_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField);
+      }
+      if (floatField_ != null) {
+        size += _single_floatField_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(FloatField);
+      }
+      if (int64Field_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int64Field_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field);
+      }
+      if (uint64Field_ != null) {
+        size += _single_uint64Field_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Uint64Field);
+      }
+      if (int32Field_ != null) {
+        size += _single_int32Field_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int32Field);
+      }
+      if (uint32Field_ != null) {
+        size += _single_uint32Field_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Uint32Field);
+      }
+      if (boolField_ != null) {
+        size += _single_boolField_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(BoolField);
+      }
+      if (stringField_ != null) {
+        size += _single_stringField_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(StringField);
+      }
+      if (bytesField_ != null) {
+        size += _single_bytesField_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(BytesField);
+      }
+      if (valueField_ != null) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(ValueField);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(TestWellKnownTypes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.anyField_ != null) {
+        if (anyField_ == null) {
+          AnyField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any();
+        }
+        AnyField.MergeFrom(other.AnyField);
+      }
+      if (other.apiField_ != null) {
+        if (apiField_ == null) {
+          ApiField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api();
+        }
+        ApiField.MergeFrom(other.ApiField);
+      }
+      if (other.durationField_ != null) {
+        if (durationField_ == null) {
+          DurationField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration();
+        }
+        DurationField.MergeFrom(other.DurationField);
+      }
+      if (other.emptyField_ != null) {
+        if (emptyField_ == null) {
+          EmptyField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty();
+        }
+        EmptyField.MergeFrom(other.EmptyField);
+      }
+      if (other.fieldMaskField_ != null) {
+        if (fieldMaskField_ == null) {
+          FieldMaskField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask();
+        }
+        FieldMaskField.MergeFrom(other.FieldMaskField);
+      }
+      if (other.sourceContextField_ != null) {
+        if (sourceContextField_ == null) {
+          SourceContextField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext();
+        }
+        SourceContextField.MergeFrom(other.SourceContextField);
+      }
+      if (other.structField_ != null) {
+        if (structField_ == null) {
+          StructField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct();
+        }
+        StructField.MergeFrom(other.StructField);
+      }
+      if (other.timestampField_ != null) {
+        if (timestampField_ == null) {
+          TimestampField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp();
+        }
+        TimestampField.MergeFrom(other.TimestampField);
+      }
+      if (other.typeField_ != null) {
+        if (typeField_ == null) {
+          TypeField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type();
+        }
+        TypeField.MergeFrom(other.TypeField);
+      }
+      if (other.doubleField_ != null) {
+        if (doubleField_ == null || other.DoubleField != 0D) {
+          DoubleField = other.DoubleField;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.floatField_ != null) {
+        if (floatField_ == null || other.FloatField != 0F) {
+          FloatField = other.FloatField;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int64Field_ != null) {
+        if (int64Field_ == null || other.Int64Field != 0L) {
+          Int64Field = other.Int64Field;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.uint64Field_ != null) {
+        if (uint64Field_ == null || other.Uint64Field != 0UL) {
+          Uint64Field = other.Uint64Field;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.int32Field_ != null) {
+        if (int32Field_ == null || other.Int32Field != 0) {
+          Int32Field = other.Int32Field;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.uint32Field_ != null) {
+        if (uint32Field_ == null || other.Uint32Field != 0) {
+          Uint32Field = other.Uint32Field;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.boolField_ != null) {
+        if (boolField_ == null || other.BoolField != false) {
+          BoolField = other.BoolField;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.stringField_ != null) {
+        if (stringField_ == null || other.StringField != "") {
+          StringField = other.StringField;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.bytesField_ != null) {
+        if (bytesField_ == null || other.BytesField != pb::ByteString.Empty) {
+          BytesField = other.BytesField;
+        }
+      }
+      if (other.valueField_ != null) {
+        if (valueField_ == null) {
+          ValueField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value();
+        }
+        ValueField.MergeFrom(other.ValueField);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            if (anyField_ == null) {
+              AnyField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(AnyField);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            if (apiField_ == null) {
+              ApiField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(ApiField);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            if (durationField_ == null) {
+              DurationField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(DurationField);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            if (emptyField_ == null) {
+              EmptyField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(EmptyField);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            if (fieldMaskField_ == null) {
+              FieldMaskField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(FieldMaskField);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            if (sourceContextField_ == null) {
+              SourceContextField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(SourceContextField);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            if (structField_ == null) {
+              StructField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(StructField);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            if (timestampField_ == null) {
+              TimestampField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(TimestampField);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 74: {
+            if (typeField_ == null) {
+              TypeField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(TypeField);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 82: {
+            double? value = _single_doubleField_codec.Read(input);
+            if (doubleField_ == null || value != 0D) {
+              DoubleField = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 90: {
+            float? value = _single_floatField_codec.Read(input);
+            if (floatField_ == null || value != 0F) {
+              FloatField = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 98: {
+            long? value = _single_int64Field_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int64Field_ == null || value != 0L) {
+              Int64Field = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 106: {
+            ulong? value = _single_uint64Field_codec.Read(input);
+            if (uint64Field_ == null || value != 0UL) {
+              Uint64Field = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 114: {
+            int? value = _single_int32Field_codec.Read(input);
+            if (int32Field_ == null || value != 0) {
+              Int32Field = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 122: {
+            uint? value = _single_uint32Field_codec.Read(input);
+            if (uint32Field_ == null || value != 0) {
+              Uint32Field = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 130: {
+            bool? value = _single_boolField_codec.Read(input);
+            if (boolField_ == null || value != false) {
+              BoolField = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 138: {
+            string value = _single_stringField_codec.Read(input);
+            if (stringField_ == null || value != "") {
+              StringField = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 146: {
+            pb::ByteString value = _single_bytesField_codec.Read(input);
+            if (bytesField_ == null || value != pb::ByteString.Empty) {
+              BytesField = value;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          case 154: {
+            if (valueField_ == null) {
+              ValueField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(ValueField);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// A repeated field for each well-known type.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class RepeatedWellKnownTypes : pb::IMessage<RepeatedWellKnownTypes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<RepeatedWellKnownTypes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<RepeatedWellKnownTypes>(() => new RepeatedWellKnownTypes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<RepeatedWellKnownTypes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestWellKnownTypesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public RepeatedWellKnownTypes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public RepeatedWellKnownTypes(RepeatedWellKnownTypes other) : this() {
+      anyField_ = other.anyField_.Clone();
+      apiField_ = other.apiField_.Clone();
+      durationField_ = other.durationField_.Clone();
+      emptyField_ = other.emptyField_.Clone();
+      fieldMaskField_ = other.fieldMaskField_.Clone();
+      sourceContextField_ = other.sourceContextField_.Clone();
+      structField_ = other.structField_.Clone();
+      timestampField_ = other.timestampField_.Clone();
+      typeField_ = other.typeField_.Clone();
+      doubleField_ = other.doubleField_.Clone();
+      floatField_ = other.floatField_.Clone();
+      int64Field_ = other.int64Field_.Clone();
+      uint64Field_ = other.uint64Field_.Clone();
+      int32Field_ = other.int32Field_.Clone();
+      uint32Field_ = other.uint32Field_.Clone();
+      boolField_ = other.boolField_.Clone();
+      stringField_ = other.stringField_.Clone();
+      bytesField_ = other.bytesField_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public RepeatedWellKnownTypes Clone() {
+      return new RepeatedWellKnownTypes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "any_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int AnyFieldFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any> _repeated_anyField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(10, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any> anyField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any> AnyField {
+      get { return anyField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "api_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int ApiFieldFieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api> _repeated_apiField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api> apiField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api> ApiField {
+      get { return apiField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "duration_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int DurationFieldFieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration> _repeated_durationField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(26, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration> durationField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration> DurationField {
+      get { return durationField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "empty_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int EmptyFieldFieldNumber = 4;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty> _repeated_emptyField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(34, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty> emptyField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty> EmptyField {
+      get { return emptyField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field_mask_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldMaskFieldFieldNumber = 5;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask> _repeated_fieldMaskField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(42, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask> fieldMaskField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask> FieldMaskField {
+      get { return fieldMaskField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "source_context_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int SourceContextFieldFieldNumber = 6;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext> _repeated_sourceContextField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(50, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext> sourceContextField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext> SourceContextField {
+      get { return sourceContextField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "struct_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int StructFieldFieldNumber = 7;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct> _repeated_structField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(58, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct> structField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct> StructField {
+      get { return structField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "timestamp_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int TimestampFieldFieldNumber = 8;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp> _repeated_timestampField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(66, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp> timestampField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp> TimestampField {
+      get { return timestampField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "type_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int TypeFieldFieldNumber = 9;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type> _repeated_typeField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(74, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type> typeField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type> TypeField {
+      get { return typeField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleFieldFieldNumber = 10;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _repeated_doubleField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(82);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<double?> doubleField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<double?>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// These don't actually make a lot of sense, but they're not prohibited...
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<double?> DoubleField {
+      get { return doubleField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "float_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int FloatFieldFieldNumber = 11;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float?> _repeated_floatField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<float>(90);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<float?> floatField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<float?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<float?> FloatField {
+      get { return floatField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64FieldFieldNumber = 12;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _repeated_int64Field_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(98);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<long?> int64Field_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<long?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<long?> Int64Field {
+      get { return int64Field_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uint64_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Uint64FieldFieldNumber = 13;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong?> _repeated_uint64Field_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<ulong>(106);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<ulong?> uint64Field_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<ulong?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<ulong?> Uint64Field {
+      get { return uint64Field_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int32_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int32FieldFieldNumber = 14;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int?> _repeated_int32Field_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<int>(114);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int?> int32Field_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int?> Int32Field {
+      get { return int32Field_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uint32_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Uint32FieldFieldNumber = 15;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint?> _repeated_uint32Field_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<uint>(122);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<uint?> uint32Field_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<uint?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<uint?> Uint32Field {
+      get { return uint32Field_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bool_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int BoolFieldFieldNumber = 16;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool?> _repeated_boolField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<bool>(130);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<bool?> boolField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<bool?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<bool?> BoolField {
+      get { return boolField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "string_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringFieldFieldNumber = 17;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_stringField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<string>(138);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> stringField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> StringField {
+      get { return stringField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bytes_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int BytesFieldFieldNumber = 18;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<pb::ByteString> _repeated_bytesField_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<pb::ByteString>(146);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> bytesField_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<pb::ByteString> BytesField {
+      get { return bytesField_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as RepeatedWellKnownTypes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(RepeatedWellKnownTypes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!anyField_.Equals(other.anyField_)) return false;
+      if(!apiField_.Equals(other.apiField_)) return false;
+      if(!durationField_.Equals(other.durationField_)) return false;
+      if(!emptyField_.Equals(other.emptyField_)) return false;
+      if(!fieldMaskField_.Equals(other.fieldMaskField_)) return false;
+      if(!sourceContextField_.Equals(other.sourceContextField_)) return false;
+      if(!structField_.Equals(other.structField_)) return false;
+      if(!timestampField_.Equals(other.timestampField_)) return false;
+      if(!typeField_.Equals(other.typeField_)) return false;
+      if(!doubleField_.Equals(other.doubleField_)) return false;
+      if(!floatField_.Equals(other.floatField_)) return false;
+      if(!int64Field_.Equals(other.int64Field_)) return false;
+      if(!uint64Field_.Equals(other.uint64Field_)) return false;
+      if(!int32Field_.Equals(other.int32Field_)) return false;
+      if(!uint32Field_.Equals(other.uint32Field_)) return false;
+      if(!boolField_.Equals(other.boolField_)) return false;
+      if(!stringField_.Equals(other.stringField_)) return false;
+      if(!bytesField_.Equals(other.bytesField_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= anyField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= apiField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= durationField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= emptyField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= fieldMaskField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= sourceContextField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= structField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= timestampField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= typeField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= doubleField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= floatField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= int64Field_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= uint64Field_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= int32Field_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= uint32Field_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= boolField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= stringField_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= bytesField_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      anyField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_anyField_codec);
+      apiField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_apiField_codec);
+      durationField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_durationField_codec);
+      emptyField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_emptyField_codec);
+      fieldMaskField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_fieldMaskField_codec);
+      sourceContextField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_sourceContextField_codec);
+      structField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_structField_codec);
+      timestampField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_timestampField_codec);
+      typeField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_typeField_codec);
+      doubleField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_doubleField_codec);
+      floatField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_floatField_codec);
+      int64Field_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_int64Field_codec);
+      uint64Field_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_uint64Field_codec);
+      int32Field_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_int32Field_codec);
+      uint32Field_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_uint32Field_codec);
+      boolField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_boolField_codec);
+      stringField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_stringField_codec);
+      bytesField_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_bytesField_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += anyField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_anyField_codec);
+      size += apiField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_apiField_codec);
+      size += durationField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_durationField_codec);
+      size += emptyField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_emptyField_codec);
+      size += fieldMaskField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_fieldMaskField_codec);
+      size += sourceContextField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_sourceContextField_codec);
+      size += structField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_structField_codec);
+      size += timestampField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_timestampField_codec);
+      size += typeField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_typeField_codec);
+      size += doubleField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_doubleField_codec);
+      size += floatField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_floatField_codec);
+      size += int64Field_.CalculateSize(_repeated_int64Field_codec);
+      size += uint64Field_.CalculateSize(_repeated_uint64Field_codec);
+      size += int32Field_.CalculateSize(_repeated_int32Field_codec);
+      size += uint32Field_.CalculateSize(_repeated_uint32Field_codec);
+      size += boolField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_boolField_codec);
+      size += stringField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_stringField_codec);
+      size += bytesField_.CalculateSize(_repeated_bytesField_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(RepeatedWellKnownTypes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      anyField_.Add(other.anyField_);
+      apiField_.Add(other.apiField_);
+      durationField_.Add(other.durationField_);
+      emptyField_.Add(other.emptyField_);
+      fieldMaskField_.Add(other.fieldMaskField_);
+      sourceContextField_.Add(other.sourceContextField_);
+      structField_.Add(other.structField_);
+      timestampField_.Add(other.timestampField_);
+      typeField_.Add(other.typeField_);
+      doubleField_.Add(other.doubleField_);
+      floatField_.Add(other.floatField_);
+      int64Field_.Add(other.int64Field_);
+      uint64Field_.Add(other.uint64Field_);
+      int32Field_.Add(other.int32Field_);
+      uint32Field_.Add(other.uint32Field_);
+      boolField_.Add(other.boolField_);
+      stringField_.Add(other.stringField_);
+      bytesField_.Add(other.bytesField_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            anyField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_anyField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            apiField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_apiField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            durationField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_durationField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            emptyField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_emptyField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            fieldMaskField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_fieldMaskField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            sourceContextField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_sourceContextField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            structField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_structField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            timestampField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_timestampField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 74: {
+            typeField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_typeField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 82: {
+            doubleField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_doubleField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 90: {
+            floatField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_floatField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 98: {
+            int64Field_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_int64Field_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 106: {
+            uint64Field_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_uint64Field_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 114: {
+            int32Field_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_int32Field_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 122: {
+            uint32Field_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_uint32Field_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 130: {
+            boolField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_boolField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 138: {
+            stringField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_stringField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 146: {
+            bytesField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_bytesField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class OneofWellKnownTypes : pb::IMessage<OneofWellKnownTypes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OneofWellKnownTypes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OneofWellKnownTypes>(() => new OneofWellKnownTypes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<OneofWellKnownTypes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestWellKnownTypesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[2]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofWellKnownTypes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofWellKnownTypes(OneofWellKnownTypes other) : this() {
+      switch (other.OneofFieldCase) {
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.AnyField:
+          AnyField = other.AnyField.Clone();
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.ApiField:
+          ApiField = other.ApiField.Clone();
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.DurationField:
+          DurationField = other.DurationField.Clone();
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.EmptyField:
+          EmptyField = other.EmptyField.Clone();
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.FieldMaskField:
+          FieldMaskField = other.FieldMaskField.Clone();
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.SourceContextField:
+          SourceContextField = other.SourceContextField.Clone();
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.StructField:
+          StructField = other.StructField.Clone();
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.TimestampField:
+          TimestampField = other.TimestampField.Clone();
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.TypeField:
+          TypeField = other.TypeField.Clone();
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.DoubleField:
+          DoubleField = other.DoubleField;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.FloatField:
+          FloatField = other.FloatField;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.Int64Field:
+          Int64Field = other.Int64Field;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.Uint64Field:
+          Uint64Field = other.Uint64Field;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.Int32Field:
+          Int32Field = other.Int32Field;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.Uint32Field:
+          Uint32Field = other.Uint32Field;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.BoolField:
+          BoolField = other.BoolField;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.StringField:
+          StringField = other.StringField;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.BytesField:
+          BytesField = other.BytesField;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofWellKnownTypes Clone() {
+      return new OneofWellKnownTypes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "any_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int AnyFieldFieldNumber = 1;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any AnyField {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.AnyField ? (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any) oneofField_ : null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.AnyField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "api_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int ApiFieldFieldNumber = 2;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api ApiField {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.ApiField ? (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api) oneofField_ : null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.ApiField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "duration_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int DurationFieldFieldNumber = 3;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration DurationField {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.DurationField ? (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration) oneofField_ : null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.DurationField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "empty_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int EmptyFieldFieldNumber = 4;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty EmptyField {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.EmptyField ? (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty) oneofField_ : null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.EmptyField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field_mask_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldMaskFieldFieldNumber = 5;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask FieldMaskField {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.FieldMaskField ? (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask) oneofField_ : null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.FieldMaskField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "source_context_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int SourceContextFieldFieldNumber = 6;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext SourceContextField {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.SourceContextField ? (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext) oneofField_ : null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.SourceContextField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "struct_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int StructFieldFieldNumber = 7;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct StructField {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.StructField ? (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct) oneofField_ : null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.StructField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "timestamp_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int TimestampFieldFieldNumber = 8;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp TimestampField {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.TimestampField ? (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp) oneofField_ : null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.TimestampField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "type_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int TypeFieldFieldNumber = 9;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type TypeField {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.TypeField ? (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type) oneofField_ : null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.TypeField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleFieldFieldNumber = 10;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<double?> _oneof_doubleField_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(82);
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double? DoubleField {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.DoubleField ? (double?) oneofField_ : (double?) null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.DoubleField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "float_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int FloatFieldFieldNumber = 11;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<float?> _oneof_floatField_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<float>(90);
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float? FloatField {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.FloatField ? (float?) oneofField_ : (float?) null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.FloatField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64FieldFieldNumber = 12;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<long?> _oneof_int64Field_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(98);
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long? Int64Field {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Int64Field ? (long?) oneofField_ : (long?) null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.Int64Field;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uint64_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Uint64FieldFieldNumber = 13;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<ulong?> _oneof_uint64Field_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<ulong>(106);
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong? Uint64Field {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Uint64Field ? (ulong?) oneofField_ : (ulong?) null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.Uint64Field;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int32_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int32FieldFieldNumber = 14;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int?> _oneof_int32Field_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<int>(114);
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int? Int32Field {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Int32Field ? (int?) oneofField_ : (int?) null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.Int32Field;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uint32_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Uint32FieldFieldNumber = 15;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<uint?> _oneof_uint32Field_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<uint>(122);
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint? Uint32Field {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Uint32Field ? (uint?) oneofField_ : (uint?) null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.Uint32Field;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bool_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int BoolFieldFieldNumber = 16;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<bool?> _oneof_boolField_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<bool>(130);
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool? BoolField {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.BoolField ? (bool?) oneofField_ : (bool?) null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.BoolField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "string_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringFieldFieldNumber = 17;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _oneof_stringField_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<string>(138);
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string StringField {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.StringField ? (string) oneofField_ : (string) null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.StringField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bytes_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int BytesFieldFieldNumber = 18;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<pb::ByteString> _oneof_bytesField_codec = pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<pb::ByteString>(146);
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString BytesField {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.BytesField ? (pb::ByteString) oneofField_ : (pb::ByteString) null; }
+      set {
+        oneofField_ = value;
+        oneofFieldCase_ = value == null ? OneofFieldOneofCase.None : OneofFieldOneofCase.BytesField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object oneofField_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "oneof_field" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum OneofFieldOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      AnyField = 1,
+      ApiField = 2,
+      DurationField = 3,
+      EmptyField = 4,
+      FieldMaskField = 5,
+      SourceContextField = 6,
+      StructField = 7,
+      TimestampField = 8,
+      TypeField = 9,
+      DoubleField = 10,
+      FloatField = 11,
+      Int64Field = 12,
+      Uint64Field = 13,
+      Int32Field = 14,
+      Uint32Field = 15,
+      BoolField = 16,
+      StringField = 17,
+      BytesField = 18,
+    }
+    private OneofFieldOneofCase oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofFieldOneofCase OneofFieldCase {
+      get { return oneofFieldCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofField() {
+      oneofFieldCase_ = OneofFieldOneofCase.None;
+      oneofField_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as OneofWellKnownTypes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(OneofWellKnownTypes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!object.Equals(AnyField, other.AnyField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(ApiField, other.ApiField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(DurationField, other.DurationField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(EmptyField, other.EmptyField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(FieldMaskField, other.FieldMaskField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(SourceContextField, other.SourceContextField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(StructField, other.StructField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(TimestampField, other.TimestampField)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(TypeField, other.TypeField)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleField, other.DoubleField)) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(FloatField, other.FloatField)) return false;
+      if (Int64Field != other.Int64Field) return false;
+      if (Uint64Field != other.Uint64Field) return false;
+      if (Int32Field != other.Int32Field) return false;
+      if (Uint32Field != other.Uint32Field) return false;
+      if (BoolField != other.BoolField) return false;
+      if (StringField != other.StringField) return false;
+      if (BytesField != other.BytesField) return false;
+      if (OneofFieldCase != other.OneofFieldCase) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.AnyField) hash ^= AnyField.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.ApiField) hash ^= ApiField.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.DurationField) hash ^= DurationField.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.EmptyField) hash ^= EmptyField.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.FieldMaskField) hash ^= FieldMaskField.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.SourceContextField) hash ^= SourceContextField.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.StructField) hash ^= StructField.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.TimestampField) hash ^= TimestampField.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.TypeField) hash ^= TypeField.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.DoubleField) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleField);
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.FloatField) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(FloatField);
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Int64Field) hash ^= Int64Field.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Uint64Field) hash ^= Uint64Field.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Int32Field) hash ^= Int32Field.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Uint32Field) hash ^= Uint32Field.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.BoolField) hash ^= BoolField.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.StringField) hash ^= StringField.GetHashCode();
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.BytesField) hash ^= BytesField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) oneofFieldCase_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.AnyField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteMessage(AnyField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.ApiField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteMessage(ApiField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.DurationField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteMessage(DurationField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.EmptyField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(34);
+        output.WriteMessage(EmptyField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.FieldMaskField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(42);
+        output.WriteMessage(FieldMaskField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.SourceContextField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(50);
+        output.WriteMessage(SourceContextField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.StructField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(58);
+        output.WriteMessage(StructField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.TimestampField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(66);
+        output.WriteMessage(TimestampField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.TypeField) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(74);
+        output.WriteMessage(TypeField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.DoubleField) {
+        _oneof_doubleField_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, (double?) oneofField_);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.FloatField) {
+        _oneof_floatField_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, (float?) oneofField_);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Int64Field) {
+        _oneof_int64Field_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, (long?) oneofField_);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Uint64Field) {
+        _oneof_uint64Field_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, (ulong?) oneofField_);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Int32Field) {
+        _oneof_int32Field_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, (int?) oneofField_);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Uint32Field) {
+        _oneof_uint32Field_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, (uint?) oneofField_);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.BoolField) {
+        _oneof_boolField_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, (bool?) oneofField_);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.StringField) {
+        _oneof_stringField_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, (string) oneofField_);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.BytesField) {
+        _oneof_bytesField_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, (pb::ByteString) oneofField_);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.AnyField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(AnyField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.ApiField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(ApiField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.DurationField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(DurationField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.EmptyField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(EmptyField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.FieldMaskField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(FieldMaskField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.SourceContextField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SourceContextField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.StructField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(StructField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.TimestampField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(TimestampField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.TypeField) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(TypeField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.DoubleField) {
+        size += _oneof_doubleField_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(DoubleField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.FloatField) {
+        size += _oneof_floatField_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(FloatField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Int64Field) {
+        size += _oneof_int64Field_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int64Field);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Uint64Field) {
+        size += _oneof_uint64Field_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Uint64Field);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Int32Field) {
+        size += _oneof_int32Field_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Int32Field);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.Uint32Field) {
+        size += _oneof_uint32Field_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Uint32Field);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.BoolField) {
+        size += _oneof_boolField_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(BoolField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.StringField) {
+        size += _oneof_stringField_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(StringField);
+      }
+      if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.BytesField) {
+        size += _oneof_bytesField_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(BytesField);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(OneofWellKnownTypes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      switch (other.OneofFieldCase) {
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.AnyField:
+          if (AnyField == null) {
+            AnyField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any();
+          }
+          AnyField.MergeFrom(other.AnyField);
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.ApiField:
+          if (ApiField == null) {
+            ApiField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api();
+          }
+          ApiField.MergeFrom(other.ApiField);
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.DurationField:
+          if (DurationField == null) {
+            DurationField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration();
+          }
+          DurationField.MergeFrom(other.DurationField);
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.EmptyField:
+          if (EmptyField == null) {
+            EmptyField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty();
+          }
+          EmptyField.MergeFrom(other.EmptyField);
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.FieldMaskField:
+          if (FieldMaskField == null) {
+            FieldMaskField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask();
+          }
+          FieldMaskField.MergeFrom(other.FieldMaskField);
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.SourceContextField:
+          if (SourceContextField == null) {
+            SourceContextField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext();
+          }
+          SourceContextField.MergeFrom(other.SourceContextField);
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.StructField:
+          if (StructField == null) {
+            StructField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct();
+          }
+          StructField.MergeFrom(other.StructField);
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.TimestampField:
+          if (TimestampField == null) {
+            TimestampField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp();
+          }
+          TimestampField.MergeFrom(other.TimestampField);
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.TypeField:
+          if (TypeField == null) {
+            TypeField = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type();
+          }
+          TypeField.MergeFrom(other.TypeField);
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.DoubleField:
+          DoubleField = other.DoubleField;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.FloatField:
+          FloatField = other.FloatField;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.Int64Field:
+          Int64Field = other.Int64Field;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.Uint64Field:
+          Uint64Field = other.Uint64Field;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.Int32Field:
+          Int32Field = other.Int32Field;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.Uint32Field:
+          Uint32Field = other.Uint32Field;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.BoolField:
+          BoolField = other.BoolField;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.StringField:
+          StringField = other.StringField;
+          break;
+        case OneofFieldOneofCase.BytesField:
+          BytesField = other.BytesField;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any();
+            if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.AnyField) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(AnyField);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            AnyField = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api();
+            if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.ApiField) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(ApiField);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            ApiField = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration();
+            if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.DurationField) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(DurationField);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            DurationField = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty();
+            if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.EmptyField) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(EmptyField);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            EmptyField = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask();
+            if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.FieldMaskField) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(FieldMaskField);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            FieldMaskField = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext();
+            if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.SourceContextField) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(SourceContextField);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            SourceContextField = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct();
+            if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.StructField) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(StructField);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            StructField = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp();
+            if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.TimestampField) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(TimestampField);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            TimestampField = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 74: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type();
+            if (oneofFieldCase_ == OneofFieldOneofCase.TypeField) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(TypeField);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            TypeField = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 82: {
+            DoubleField = _oneof_doubleField_codec.Read(input);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 90: {
+            FloatField = _oneof_floatField_codec.Read(input);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 98: {
+            Int64Field = _oneof_int64Field_codec.Read(input);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 106: {
+            Uint64Field = _oneof_uint64Field_codec.Read(input);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 114: {
+            Int32Field = _oneof_int32Field_codec.Read(input);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 122: {
+            Uint32Field = _oneof_uint32Field_codec.Read(input);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 130: {
+            BoolField = _oneof_boolField_codec.Read(input);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 138: {
+            StringField = _oneof_stringField_codec.Read(input);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 146: {
+            BytesField = _oneof_bytesField_codec.Read(input);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// A map field for each well-known type. We only
+  /// need to worry about the value part of the map being the
+  /// well-known types, as messages can't be map keys.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class MapWellKnownTypes : pb::IMessage<MapWellKnownTypes> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<MapWellKnownTypes> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<MapWellKnownTypes>(() => new MapWellKnownTypes());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<MapWellKnownTypes> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.UnittestWellKnownTypesReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[3]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MapWellKnownTypes() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MapWellKnownTypes(MapWellKnownTypes other) : this() {
+      anyField_ = other.anyField_.Clone();
+      apiField_ = other.apiField_.Clone();
+      durationField_ = other.durationField_.Clone();
+      emptyField_ = other.emptyField_.Clone();
+      fieldMaskField_ = other.fieldMaskField_.Clone();
+      sourceContextField_ = other.sourceContextField_.Clone();
+      structField_ = other.structField_.Clone();
+      timestampField_ = other.timestampField_.Clone();
+      typeField_ = other.typeField_.Clone();
+      doubleField_ = other.doubleField_.Clone();
+      floatField_ = other.floatField_.Clone();
+      int64Field_ = other.int64Field_.Clone();
+      uint64Field_ = other.uint64Field_.Clone();
+      int32Field_ = other.int32Field_.Clone();
+      uint32Field_ = other.uint32Field_.Clone();
+      boolField_ = other.boolField_.Clone();
+      stringField_ = other.stringField_.Clone();
+      bytesField_ = other.bytesField_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MapWellKnownTypes Clone() {
+      return new MapWellKnownTypes(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "any_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int AnyFieldFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any>.Codec _map_anyField_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any.Parser), 10);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any> anyField_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any> AnyField {
+      get { return anyField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "api_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int ApiFieldFieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api>.Codec _map_apiField_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api.Parser), 18);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api> apiField_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api> ApiField {
+      get { return apiField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "duration_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int DurationFieldFieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration>.Codec _map_durationField_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration.Parser), 26);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration> durationField_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration> DurationField {
+      get { return durationField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "empty_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int EmptyFieldFieldNumber = 4;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty>.Codec _map_emptyField_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty.Parser), 34);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty> emptyField_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty> EmptyField {
+      get { return emptyField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field_mask_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldMaskFieldFieldNumber = 5;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask>.Codec _map_fieldMaskField_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask.Parser), 42);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask> fieldMaskField_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask> FieldMaskField {
+      get { return fieldMaskField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "source_context_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int SourceContextFieldFieldNumber = 6;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext>.Codec _map_sourceContextField_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext.Parser), 50);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext> sourceContextField_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext> SourceContextField {
+      get { return sourceContextField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "struct_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int StructFieldFieldNumber = 7;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct>.Codec _map_structField_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct.Parser), 58);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct> structField_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct> StructField {
+      get { return structField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "timestamp_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int TimestampFieldFieldNumber = 8;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp>.Codec _map_timestampField_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp.Parser), 66);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp> timestampField_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp> TimestampField {
+      get { return timestampField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "type_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int TypeFieldFieldNumber = 9;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type>.Codec _map_typeField_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type.Parser), 74);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type> typeField_ = new pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type> TypeField {
+      get { return typeField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleFieldFieldNumber = 10;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, double?>.Codec _map_doubleField_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, double?>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<double>(18), 82);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, double?> doubleField_ = new pbc::MapField<int, double?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, double?> DoubleField {
+      get { return doubleField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "float_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int FloatFieldFieldNumber = 11;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, float?>.Codec _map_floatField_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, float?>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<float>(18), 90);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, float?> floatField_ = new pbc::MapField<int, float?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, float?> FloatField {
+      get { return floatField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int64_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int64FieldFieldNumber = 12;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, long?>.Codec _map_int64Field_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, long?>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<long>(18), 98);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, long?> int64Field_ = new pbc::MapField<int, long?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, long?> Int64Field {
+      get { return int64Field_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uint64_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Uint64FieldFieldNumber = 13;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, ulong?>.Codec _map_uint64Field_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, ulong?>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<ulong>(18), 106);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, ulong?> uint64Field_ = new pbc::MapField<int, ulong?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, ulong?> Uint64Field {
+      get { return uint64Field_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "int32_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Int32FieldFieldNumber = 14;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, int?>.Codec _map_int32Field_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, int?>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<int>(18), 114);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, int?> int32Field_ = new pbc::MapField<int, int?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, int?> Int32Field {
+      get { return int32Field_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uint32_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int Uint32FieldFieldNumber = 15;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, uint?>.Codec _map_uint32Field_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, uint?>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<uint>(18), 122);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, uint?> uint32Field_ = new pbc::MapField<int, uint?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, uint?> Uint32Field {
+      get { return uint32Field_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bool_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int BoolFieldFieldNumber = 16;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, bool?>.Codec _map_boolField_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, bool?>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<bool>(18), 130);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, bool?> boolField_ = new pbc::MapField<int, bool?>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, bool?> BoolField {
+      get { return boolField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "string_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringFieldFieldNumber = 17;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, string>.Codec _map_stringField_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, string>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<string>(18), 138);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, string> stringField_ = new pbc::MapField<int, string>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, string> StringField {
+      get { return stringField_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bytes_field" field.</summary>
+    public const int BytesFieldFieldNumber = 18;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<int, pb::ByteString>.Codec _map_bytesField_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<int, pb::ByteString>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(8, 0), pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<pb::ByteString>(18), 146);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<int, pb::ByteString> bytesField_ = new pbc::MapField<int, pb::ByteString>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<int, pb::ByteString> BytesField {
+      get { return bytesField_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as MapWellKnownTypes);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(MapWellKnownTypes other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!AnyField.Equals(other.AnyField)) return false;
+      if (!ApiField.Equals(other.ApiField)) return false;
+      if (!DurationField.Equals(other.DurationField)) return false;
+      if (!EmptyField.Equals(other.EmptyField)) return false;
+      if (!FieldMaskField.Equals(other.FieldMaskField)) return false;
+      if (!SourceContextField.Equals(other.SourceContextField)) return false;
+      if (!StructField.Equals(other.StructField)) return false;
+      if (!TimestampField.Equals(other.TimestampField)) return false;
+      if (!TypeField.Equals(other.TypeField)) return false;
+      if (!DoubleField.Equals(other.DoubleField)) return false;
+      if (!FloatField.Equals(other.FloatField)) return false;
+      if (!Int64Field.Equals(other.Int64Field)) return false;
+      if (!Uint64Field.Equals(other.Uint64Field)) return false;
+      if (!Int32Field.Equals(other.Int32Field)) return false;
+      if (!Uint32Field.Equals(other.Uint32Field)) return false;
+      if (!BoolField.Equals(other.BoolField)) return false;
+      if (!StringField.Equals(other.StringField)) return false;
+      if (!BytesField.Equals(other.BytesField)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= AnyField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= ApiField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= DurationField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= EmptyField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= FieldMaskField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= SourceContextField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= StructField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= TimestampField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= TypeField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= DoubleField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= FloatField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= Int64Field.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= Uint64Field.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= Int32Field.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= Uint32Field.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= BoolField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= StringField.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= BytesField.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      anyField_.WriteTo(output, _map_anyField_codec);
+      apiField_.WriteTo(output, _map_apiField_codec);
+      durationField_.WriteTo(output, _map_durationField_codec);
+      emptyField_.WriteTo(output, _map_emptyField_codec);
+      fieldMaskField_.WriteTo(output, _map_fieldMaskField_codec);
+      sourceContextField_.WriteTo(output, _map_sourceContextField_codec);
+      structField_.WriteTo(output, _map_structField_codec);
+      timestampField_.WriteTo(output, _map_timestampField_codec);
+      typeField_.WriteTo(output, _map_typeField_codec);
+      doubleField_.WriteTo(output, _map_doubleField_codec);
+      floatField_.WriteTo(output, _map_floatField_codec);
+      int64Field_.WriteTo(output, _map_int64Field_codec);
+      uint64Field_.WriteTo(output, _map_uint64Field_codec);
+      int32Field_.WriteTo(output, _map_int32Field_codec);
+      uint32Field_.WriteTo(output, _map_uint32Field_codec);
+      boolField_.WriteTo(output, _map_boolField_codec);
+      stringField_.WriteTo(output, _map_stringField_codec);
+      bytesField_.WriteTo(output, _map_bytesField_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += anyField_.CalculateSize(_map_anyField_codec);
+      size += apiField_.CalculateSize(_map_apiField_codec);
+      size += durationField_.CalculateSize(_map_durationField_codec);
+      size += emptyField_.CalculateSize(_map_emptyField_codec);
+      size += fieldMaskField_.CalculateSize(_map_fieldMaskField_codec);
+      size += sourceContextField_.CalculateSize(_map_sourceContextField_codec);
+      size += structField_.CalculateSize(_map_structField_codec);
+      size += timestampField_.CalculateSize(_map_timestampField_codec);
+      size += typeField_.CalculateSize(_map_typeField_codec);
+      size += doubleField_.CalculateSize(_map_doubleField_codec);
+      size += floatField_.CalculateSize(_map_floatField_codec);
+      size += int64Field_.CalculateSize(_map_int64Field_codec);
+      size += uint64Field_.CalculateSize(_map_uint64Field_codec);
+      size += int32Field_.CalculateSize(_map_int32Field_codec);
+      size += uint32Field_.CalculateSize(_map_uint32Field_codec);
+      size += boolField_.CalculateSize(_map_boolField_codec);
+      size += stringField_.CalculateSize(_map_stringField_codec);
+      size += bytesField_.CalculateSize(_map_bytesField_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(MapWellKnownTypes other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      anyField_.Add(other.anyField_);
+      apiField_.Add(other.apiField_);
+      durationField_.Add(other.durationField_);
+      emptyField_.Add(other.emptyField_);
+      fieldMaskField_.Add(other.fieldMaskField_);
+      sourceContextField_.Add(other.sourceContextField_);
+      structField_.Add(other.structField_);
+      timestampField_.Add(other.timestampField_);
+      typeField_.Add(other.typeField_);
+      doubleField_.Add(other.doubleField_);
+      floatField_.Add(other.floatField_);
+      int64Field_.Add(other.int64Field_);
+      uint64Field_.Add(other.uint64Field_);
+      int32Field_.Add(other.int32Field_);
+      uint32Field_.Add(other.uint32Field_);
+      boolField_.Add(other.boolField_);
+      stringField_.Add(other.stringField_);
+      bytesField_.Add(other.bytesField_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            anyField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_anyField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            apiField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_apiField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            durationField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_durationField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            emptyField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_emptyField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            fieldMaskField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_fieldMaskField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            sourceContextField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_sourceContextField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            structField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_structField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            timestampField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_timestampField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 74: {
+            typeField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_typeField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 82: {
+            doubleField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_doubleField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 90: {
+            floatField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_floatField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 98: {
+            int64Field_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_int64Field_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 106: {
+            uint64Field_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_uint64Field_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 114: {
+            int32Field_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_int32Field_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 122: {
+            uint32Field_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_uint32Field_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 130: {
+            boolField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_boolField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 138: {
+            stringField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_stringField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 146: {
+            bytesField_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_bytesField_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/ByteStringTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/ByteStringTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84e6341e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/ByteStringTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Text;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System.IO;
+#if !NET35
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+#endif
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class ByteStringTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Equality()
+        {
+            ByteString b1 = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3);
+            ByteString b2 = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3);
+            ByteString b3 = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 4);
+            ByteString b4 = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4);
+            EqualityTester.AssertEquality(b1, b1);
+            EqualityTester.AssertEquality(b1, b2);
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(b1, b3);
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(b1, b4);
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(b1, null);
+#pragma warning disable 1718 // Deliberately calling ==(b1, b1) and !=(b1, b1)
+            Assert.IsTrue(b1 == b1);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b1 == b2);
+            Assert.IsFalse(b1 == b3);
+            Assert.IsFalse(b1 == b4);
+            Assert.IsFalse(b1 == null);
+            Assert.IsTrue((ByteString) null == null);
+            Assert.IsFalse(b1 != b1);
+            Assert.IsFalse(b1 != b2);
+#pragma warning disable 1718
+            Assert.IsTrue(b1 != b3);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b1 != b4);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b1 != null);
+            Assert.IsFalse((ByteString) null != null);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EmptyByteStringHasZeroSize()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, ByteString.Empty.Length);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CopyFromStringWithExplicitEncoding()
+        {
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.CopyFrom("AB", Encoding.Unicode);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, bs.Length);
+            Assert.AreEqual(65, bs[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, bs[1]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(66, bs[2]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, bs[3]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IsEmptyWhenEmpty()
+        {
+            Assert.IsTrue(ByteString.CopyFromUtf8("").IsEmpty);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IsEmptyWhenNotEmpty()
+        {
+            Assert.IsFalse(ByteString.CopyFromUtf8("X").IsEmpty);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CopyFromByteArrayCopiesContents()
+        {
+            byte[] data = new byte[1];
+            data[0] = 10;
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.CopyFrom(data);
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, bs[0]);
+            data[0] = 5;
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, bs[0]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToByteArrayCopiesContents()
+        {
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.CopyFromUtf8("Hello");
+            byte[] data = bs.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual((byte)'H', data[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual((byte)'H', bs[0]);
+            data[0] = 0;
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, data[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual((byte)'H', bs[0]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CopyFromUtf8UsesUtf8()
+        {
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.CopyFromUtf8("\u20ac");
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, bs.Length);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0xe2, bs[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x82, bs[1]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0xac, bs[2]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CopyFromPortion()
+        {
+            byte[] data = new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.CopyFrom(data, 2, 3);
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, bs.Length);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, bs[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, bs[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToStringUtf8()
+        {
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.CopyFromUtf8("\u20ac");
+            Assert.AreEqual("\u20ac", bs.ToStringUtf8());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToStringWithExplicitEncoding()
+        {
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.CopyFrom("\u20ac", Encoding.Unicode);
+            Assert.AreEqual("\u20ac", bs.ToString(Encoding.Unicode));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FromBase64_WithText()
+        {
+            byte[] data = new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+            string base64 = Convert.ToBase64String(data);
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.FromBase64(base64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(data, bs.ToByteArray());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FromBase64_Empty()
+        {
+            // Optimization which also fixes issue 61.
+            Assert.AreSame(ByteString.Empty, ByteString.FromBase64(""));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FromStream_Seekable()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 });
+            // Consume the first byte, just to test that it's "from current position"
+            stream.ReadByte();
+            var actual = ByteString.FromStream(stream);
+            ByteString expected = ByteString.CopyFrom(2, 3, 4, 5);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, $"{expected.ToBase64()} != {actual.ToBase64()}");
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FromStream_NotSeekable()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 });
+            // Consume the first byte, just to test that it's "from current position"
+            stream.ReadByte();
+            // Wrap the original stream in LimitedInputStream, which has CanSeek=false
+            var limitedStream = new LimitedInputStream(stream, 3);
+            var actual = ByteString.FromStream(limitedStream);
+            ByteString expected = ByteString.CopyFrom(2, 3, 4);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, $"{expected.ToBase64()} != {actual.ToBase64()}");
+        }
+
+#if !NET35
+        [Test]
+        public async Task FromStreamAsync_Seekable()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 });
+            // Consume the first byte, just to test that it's "from current position"
+            stream.ReadByte();
+            var actual = await ByteString.FromStreamAsync(stream);
+            ByteString expected = ByteString.CopyFrom(2, 3, 4, 5);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, $"{expected.ToBase64()} != {actual.ToBase64()}");
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public async Task FromStreamAsync_NotSeekable()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 });
+            // Consume the first byte, just to test that it's "from current position"
+            stream.ReadByte();
+            // Wrap the original stream in LimitedInputStream, which has CanSeek=false
+            var limitedStream = new LimitedInputStream(stream, 3);
+            var actual = await ByteString.FromStreamAsync(limitedStream);
+            ByteString expected = ByteString.CopyFrom(2, 3, 4);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, $"{expected.ToBase64()} != {actual.ToBase64()}");
+        }
+#endif
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetHashCode_Regression()
+        {
+            // We used to have an awful hash algorithm where only the last four
+            // bytes were relevant. This is a regression test for
+            // https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/2511
+
+            ByteString b1 = ByteString.CopyFrom(100, 1, 2, 3, 4);
+            ByteString b2 = ByteString.CopyFrom(200, 1, 2, 3, 4);
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(b1.GetHashCode(), b2.GetHashCode());
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedInputStreamExtensions.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedInputStreamExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23af28870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedInputStreamExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    internal static class CodedInputStreamExtensions
+    {
+        public static void AssertNextTag(this CodedInputStream input, uint expectedTag)
+        {
+            uint tag = input.ReadTag();
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedTag, tag);
+        }
+
+        public static T ReadMessage<T>(this CodedInputStream stream, MessageParser<T> parser)
+            where T : IMessage<T>
+        {
+            var message = parser.CreateTemplate();
+            stream.ReadMessage(message);
+            return message;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedInputStreamTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedInputStreamTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f360ff46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedInputStreamTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,799 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using Proto2 = Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class CodedInputStreamTest
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Helper to construct a byte array from a bunch of bytes.  The inputs are
+        /// actually ints so that I can use hex notation and not get stupid errors
+        /// about precision.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static byte[] Bytes(params int[] bytesAsInts)
+        {
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesAsInts.Length];
+            for (int i = 0; i < bytesAsInts.Length; i++)
+            {
+                bytes[i] = (byte) bytesAsInts[i];
+            }
+            return bytes;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the given bytes using ReadRawVarint32() and ReadRawVarint64()
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertReadVarint(byte[] data, ulong value)
+        {
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(data);
+            Assert.AreEqual((uint) value, input.ReadRawVarint32());
+
+            input = new CodedInputStream(data);
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, input.ReadRawVarint64());
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+
+            // Try different block sizes.
+            for (int bufferSize = 1; bufferSize <= 16; bufferSize *= 2)
+            {
+                input = new CodedInputStream(new SmallBlockInputStream(data, bufferSize));
+                Assert.AreEqual((uint) value, input.ReadRawVarint32());
+
+                input = new CodedInputStream(new SmallBlockInputStream(data, bufferSize));
+                Assert.AreEqual(value, input.ReadRawVarint64());
+                Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+            }
+
+            // Try reading directly from a MemoryStream. We want to verify that it
+            // doesn't read past the end of the input, so write an extra byte - this
+            // lets us test the position at the end.
+            MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            memoryStream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
+            memoryStream.WriteByte(0);
+            memoryStream.Position = 0;
+            Assert.AreEqual((uint) value, CodedInputStream.ReadRawVarint32(memoryStream));
+            Assert.AreEqual(data.Length, memoryStream.Position);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the given bytes using ReadRawVarint32() and ReadRawVarint64() and
+        /// expects them to fail with an InvalidProtocolBufferException whose
+        /// description matches the given one.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertReadVarintFailure(InvalidProtocolBufferException expected, byte[] data)
+        {
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(data);
+            var exception = Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => input.ReadRawVarint32());
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Message, exception.Message);
+
+            input = new CodedInputStream(data);
+            exception = Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => input.ReadRawVarint64());
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Message, exception.Message);
+
+            // Make sure we get the same error when reading directly from a Stream.
+            exception = Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => CodedInputStream.ReadRawVarint32(new MemoryStream(data)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Message, exception.Message);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadVarint()
+        {
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0x00), 0);
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0x01), 1);
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0x7f), 127);
+            // 14882
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0xa2, 0x74), (0x22 << 0) | (0x74 << 7));
+            // 2961488830
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b),
+                             (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
+                             (0x0bL << 28));
+
+            // 64-bit
+            // 7256456126
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b),
+                             (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
+                             (0x1bL << 28));
+            // 41256202580718336
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49),
+                             (0x00 << 0) | (0x66 << 7) | (0x6b << 14) | (0x1c << 21) |
+                             (0x43L << 28) | (0x49L << 35) | (0x24L << 42) | (0x49L << 49));
+            // 11964378330978735131
+            AssertReadVarint(Bytes(0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85, 0xa6, 0x01),
+                             (0x1b << 0) | (0x28 << 7) | (0x79 << 14) | (0x42 << 21) |
+                             (0x3bUL << 28) | (0x56UL << 35) | (0x00UL << 42) |
+                             (0x05UL << 49) | (0x26UL << 56) | (0x01UL << 63));
+
+            // Failures
+            AssertReadVarintFailure(
+                InvalidProtocolBufferException.MalformedVarint(),
+                Bytes(0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80,
+                      0x00));
+            AssertReadVarintFailure(
+                InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage(),
+                Bytes(0x80));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the given bytes using ReadRawLittleEndian32() and checks
+        /// that the result matches the given value.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertReadLittleEndian32(byte[] data, uint value)
+        {
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(data);
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, input.ReadRawLittleEndian32());
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+
+            // Try different block sizes.
+            for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2)
+            {
+                input = new CodedInputStream(
+                    new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
+                Assert.AreEqual(value, input.ReadRawLittleEndian32());
+                Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the given bytes using ReadRawLittleEndian64() and checks
+        /// that the result matches the given value.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertReadLittleEndian64(byte[] data, ulong value)
+        {
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(data);
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, input.ReadRawLittleEndian64());
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+
+            // Try different block sizes.
+            for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2)
+            {
+                input = new CodedInputStream(
+                    new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
+                Assert.AreEqual(value, input.ReadRawLittleEndian64());
+                Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadLittleEndian()
+        {
+            AssertReadLittleEndian32(Bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12), 0x12345678);
+            AssertReadLittleEndian32(Bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a), 0x9abcdef0);
+
+            AssertReadLittleEndian64(Bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12),
+                                     0x123456789abcdef0L);
+            AssertReadLittleEndian64(
+                Bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a), 0x9abcdef012345678UL);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DecodeZigZag32()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(0));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(1));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(2));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-2, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(3));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x3FFFFFFF, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFE));
+            Assert.AreEqual(unchecked((int) 0xC0000000), CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFF));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x7FFFFFFF, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(0xFFFFFFFE));
+            Assert.AreEqual(unchecked((int) 0x80000000), CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(0xFFFFFFFF));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DecodeZigZag64()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(0));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(1));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(2));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-2, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(3));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x000000003FFFFFFFL, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFEL));
+            Assert.AreEqual(unchecked((long) 0xFFFFFFFFC0000000L), CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFFL));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x000000007FFFFFFFL, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(0x00000000FFFFFFFEL));
+            Assert.AreEqual(unchecked((long) 0xFFFFFFFF80000000L), CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(0x00000000FFFFFFFFL));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEL));
+            Assert.AreEqual(unchecked((long) 0x8000000000000000L), CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL));
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadWholeMessage_VaryingBlockSizes()
+        {
+            TestAllTypes message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+
+            byte[] rawBytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(rawBytes.Length, message.CalculateSize());
+            TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(rawBytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, message2);
+
+            // Try different block sizes.
+            for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize < 256; blockSize *= 2)
+            {
+                message2 = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(new SmallBlockInputStream(rawBytes, blockSize));
+                Assert.AreEqual(message, message2);
+            }
+        }
+                
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadHugeBlob()
+        {
+            // Allocate and initialize a 1MB blob.
+            byte[] blob = new byte[1 << 20];
+            for (int i = 0; i < blob.Length; i++)
+            {
+                blob[i] = (byte) i;
+            }
+
+            // Make a message containing it.
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleBytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(blob) };
+
+            // Serialize and parse it.  Make sure to parse from an InputStream, not
+            // directly from a ByteString, so that CodedInputStream uses buffered
+            // reading.
+            TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(message.ToByteString());
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, message2);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadMaliciouslyLargeBlob()
+        {
+            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(ms);
+
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.WriteRawVarint32(0x7FFFFFFF);
+            output.WriteRawBytes(new byte[32]); // Pad with a few random bytes.
+            output.Flush();
+            ms.Position = 0;
+
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(ms);
+            Assert.AreEqual(tag, input.ReadTag());
+
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => input.ReadBytes());
+        }
+
+        // Representations of a tag for field 0 with various wire types
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(0)]
+        [TestCase(1)]
+        [TestCase(2)]
+        [TestCase(3)]
+        [TestCase(4)]
+        [TestCase(5)]
+        public void ReadTag_ZeroFieldRejected(byte tag)
+        {
+            CodedInputStream cis = new CodedInputStream(new byte[] { tag });
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => cis.ReadTag());
+        }
+
+        internal static TestRecursiveMessage MakeRecursiveMessage(int depth)
+        {
+            if (depth == 0)
+            {
+                return new TestRecursiveMessage { I = 5 };
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return new TestRecursiveMessage { A = MakeRecursiveMessage(depth - 1) };
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static void AssertMessageDepth(TestRecursiveMessage message, int depth)
+        {
+            if (depth == 0)
+            {
+                Assert.IsNull(message.A);
+                Assert.AreEqual(5, message.I);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Assert.IsNotNull(message.A);
+                AssertMessageDepth(message.A, depth - 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MaliciousRecursion()
+        {
+            ByteString atRecursiveLimit = MakeRecursiveMessage(CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit).ToByteString();
+            ByteString beyondRecursiveLimit = MakeRecursiveMessage(CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit + 1).ToByteString();
+
+            AssertMessageDepth(TestRecursiveMessage.Parser.ParseFrom(atRecursiveLimit), CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit);
+
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestRecursiveMessage.Parser.ParseFrom(beyondRecursiveLimit));
+
+            CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.CreateWithLimits(new MemoryStream(atRecursiveLimit.ToByteArray()), 1000000, CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit - 1);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestRecursiveMessage.Parser.ParseFrom(input));
+        }
+        
+        private static byte[] MakeMaliciousRecursionUnknownFieldsPayload(int recursionDepth)
+        {
+            // generate recursively nested groups that will be parsed as unknown fields
+            int unknownFieldNumber = 14;  // an unused field number
+            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(ms);
+            for (int i = 0; i < recursionDepth; i++)
+            {
+                output.WriteTag(WireFormat.MakeTag(unknownFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup));
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < recursionDepth; i++)
+            {
+                output.WriteTag(WireFormat.MakeTag(unknownFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup));
+            }
+            output.Flush();
+            return ms.ToArray();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MaliciousRecursion_UnknownFields()
+        {
+            byte[] payloadAtRecursiveLimit = MakeMaliciousRecursionUnknownFieldsPayload(CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit);
+            byte[] payloadBeyondRecursiveLimit = MakeMaliciousRecursionUnknownFieldsPayload(CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit + 1);
+            
+            Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => TestRecursiveMessage.Parser.ParseFrom(payloadAtRecursiveLimit));
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestRecursiveMessage.Parser.ParseFrom(payloadBeyondRecursiveLimit));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadGroup_WrongEndGroupTag()
+        {
+            int groupFieldNumber = Proto2.TestAllTypes.OptionalGroupFieldNumber;
+
+            // write Proto2.TestAllTypes with "optional_group" set, but use wrong EndGroup closing tag
+            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(ms);
+            output.WriteTag(WireFormat.MakeTag(groupFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup));
+            output.WriteGroup(new Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup { A = 12345 });
+            // end group with different field number
+            output.WriteTag(WireFormat.MakeTag(groupFieldNumber + 1, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup));
+            output.Flush();
+            var payload = ms.ToArray();
+
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => Proto2.TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(payload));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadGroup_UnknownFields_WrongEndGroupTag()
+        {
+            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(ms);
+            output.WriteTag(WireFormat.MakeTag(14, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup));
+            // end group with different field number
+            output.WriteTag(WireFormat.MakeTag(15, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup));
+            output.Flush();
+            var payload = ms.ToArray();
+
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestRecursiveMessage.Parser.ParseFrom(payload));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SizeLimit()
+        {
+            // Have to use a Stream rather than ByteString.CreateCodedInput as SizeLimit doesn't
+            // apply to the latter case.
+            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes().ToByteArray());
+            CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.CreateWithLimits(ms, 16, 100);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(input));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tests that if we read an string that contains invalid UTF-8, no exception
+        /// is thrown.  Instead, the invalid bytes are replaced with the Unicode
+        /// "replacement character" U+FFFD.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadInvalidUtf8()
+        {
+            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(ms);
+
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.WriteRawVarint32(1);
+            output.WriteRawBytes(new byte[] {0x80});
+            output.Flush();
+            ms.Position = 0;
+
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(ms);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(tag, input.ReadTag());
+            string text = input.ReadString();
+            Assert.AreEqual('\ufffd', text[0]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadNegativeSizedStringThrowsInvalidProtocolBufferException()
+        {
+            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(ms);
+
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.WriteLength(-1);
+            output.Flush();
+            ms.Position = 0;
+
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(ms);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(tag, input.ReadTag());
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => input.ReadString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadNegativeSizedBytesThrowsInvalidProtocolBufferException()
+        {
+            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(ms);
+
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.WriteLength(-1);
+            output.Flush();
+            ms.Position = 0;
+
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(ms);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(tag, input.ReadTag());
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => input.ReadBytes());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A stream which limits the number of bytes it reads at a time.
+        /// We use this to make sure that CodedInputStream doesn't screw up when
+        /// reading in small blocks.
+        /// </summary>
+        private sealed class SmallBlockInputStream : MemoryStream
+        {
+            private readonly int blockSize;
+
+            public SmallBlockInputStream(byte[] data, int blockSize)
+                : base(data)
+            {
+                this.blockSize = blockSize;
+            }
+
+            public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
+            {
+                return base.Read(buffer, offset, Math.Min(count, blockSize));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNegativeEnum()
+        {
+            byte[] bytes = { 0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01 };
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual((int)SampleEnum.NegativeValue, input.ReadEnum());
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        //Issue 71:	CodedInputStream.ReadBytes go to slow path unnecessarily
+        [Test]
+        public void TestSlowPathAvoidance()
+        {
+            using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(ms);
+                output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+                output.WriteBytes(ByteString.CopyFrom(new byte[100]));
+                output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+                output.WriteBytes(ByteString.CopyFrom(new byte[100]));
+                output.Flush();
+
+                ms.Position = 0;
+                CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(ms, new byte[ms.Length / 2], 0, 0, false);
+
+                uint tag = input.ReadTag();
+                Assert.AreEqual(1, WireFormat.GetTagFieldNumber(tag));
+                Assert.AreEqual(100, input.ReadBytes().Length);
+
+                tag = input.ReadTag();
+                Assert.AreEqual(2, WireFormat.GetTagFieldNumber(tag));
+                Assert.AreEqual(100, input.ReadBytes().Length);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Tag0Throws()
+        {
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(new byte[] { 0 });
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => input.ReadTag());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SkipGroup()
+        {
+            // Create an output stream with a group in:
+            // Field 1: string "field 1"
+            // Field 2: group containing:
+            //   Field 1: fixed int32 value 100
+            //   Field 2: string "ignore me"
+            //   Field 3: nested group containing
+            //      Field 1: fixed int64 value 1000
+            // Field 3: string "field 3"
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteString("field 1");
+            
+            // The outer group...
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32);
+            output.WriteFixed32(100);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteString("ignore me");
+            // The nested group...
+            output.WriteTag(3, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed64);
+            output.WriteFixed64(1000);
+            // Note: Not sure the field number is relevant for end group...
+            output.WriteTag(3, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+
+            // End the outer group
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+
+            output.WriteTag(3, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteString("field 3");
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            // Now act like a generated client
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            Assert.AreEqual(WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited), input.ReadTag());
+            Assert.AreEqual("field 1", input.ReadString());
+            Assert.AreEqual(WireFormat.MakeTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup), input.ReadTag());
+            input.SkipLastField(); // Should consume the whole group, including the nested one.
+            Assert.AreEqual(WireFormat.MakeTag(3, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited), input.ReadTag());
+            Assert.AreEqual("field 3", input.ReadString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SkipGroup_WrongEndGroupTag()
+        {
+            // Create an output stream with:
+            // Field 1: string "field 1"
+            // Start group 2
+            //   Field 3: fixed int32
+            // End group 4 (should give an error)
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteString("field 1");
+
+            // The outer group...
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup);
+            output.WriteTag(3, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32);
+            output.WriteFixed32(100);
+            output.WriteTag(4, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            // Now act like a generated client
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            Assert.AreEqual(WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited), input.ReadTag());
+            Assert.AreEqual("field 1", input.ReadString());
+            Assert.AreEqual(WireFormat.MakeTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup), input.ReadTag());
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(input.SkipLastField);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RogueEndGroupTag()
+        {
+            // If we have an end-group tag without a leading start-group tag, generated
+            // code will just call SkipLastField... so that should fail.
+
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            Assert.AreEqual(WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup), input.ReadTag());
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(input.SkipLastField);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EndOfStreamReachedWhileSkippingGroup()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            // Now act like a generated client
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.ReadTag();
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(input.SkipLastField);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RecursionLimitAppliedWhileSkippingGroup()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            for (int i = 0; i < CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit + 1; i++)
+            {
+                output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup);
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit + 1; i++)
+            {
+                output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+            }
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            // Now act like a generated client
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            Assert.AreEqual(WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup), input.ReadTag());
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(input.SkipLastField);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Construction_Invalid()
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => new CodedInputStream((byte[]) null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => new CodedInputStream(null, 0, 0));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => new CodedInputStream((Stream) null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new CodedInputStream(new byte[10], 100, 0));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new CodedInputStream(new byte[10], 5, 10));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CreateWithLimits_InvalidLimits()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => CodedInputStream.CreateWithLimits(stream, 0, 1));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => CodedInputStream.CreateWithLimits(stream, 1, 0));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Dispose_DisposesUnderlyingStream()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            Assert.IsTrue(memoryStream.CanRead);
+            using (var cis = new CodedInputStream(memoryStream))
+            {
+            }
+            Assert.IsFalse(memoryStream.CanRead); // Disposed
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Dispose_WithLeaveOpen()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            Assert.IsTrue(memoryStream.CanRead);
+            using (var cis = new CodedInputStream(memoryStream, true))
+            {
+            }
+            Assert.IsTrue(memoryStream.CanRead); // We left the stream open
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Dispose_FromByteArray()
+        {
+            var stream = new CodedInputStream(new byte[10]);
+            stream.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestParseMessagesCloseTo2G()
+        {
+            byte[] serializedMessage = GenerateBigSerializedMessage();
+            // How many of these big messages do we need to take us near our 2GB limit?
+            int count = Int32.MaxValue / serializedMessage.Length;
+            // Now make a MemoryStream that will fake a near-2GB stream of messages by returning
+            // our big serialized message 'count' times.
+            using (RepeatingMemoryStream stream = new RepeatingMemoryStream(serializedMessage, count))
+            {
+                Assert.DoesNotThrow(()=>TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(stream));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestParseMessagesOver2G()
+        {
+            byte[] serializedMessage = GenerateBigSerializedMessage();
+            // How many of these big messages do we need to take us near our 2GB limit?
+            int count = Int32.MaxValue / serializedMessage.Length;
+            // Now add one to take us over the 2GB limit
+            count++;
+            // Now make a MemoryStream that will fake a near-2GB stream of messages by returning
+            // our big serialized message 'count' times.
+            using (RepeatingMemoryStream stream = new RepeatingMemoryStream(serializedMessage, count))
+            {
+                Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(stream),
+                    "Protocol message was too large.  May be malicious.  " +
+                    "Use CodedInputStream.SetSizeLimit() to increase the size limit.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <returns>A serialized big message</returns>
+        private static byte[] GenerateBigSerializedMessage()
+        {
+            byte[] value = new byte[16 * 1024 * 1024];
+            TestAllTypes message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            message.SingleBytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(value);
+            return message.ToByteArray();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A MemoryStream that repeats a byte arrays' content a number of times.
+        /// Simulates really large input without consuming loads of memory. Used above
+        /// to test the parsing behavior when the input size exceeds 2GB or close to it.
+        /// </summary>
+        private class RepeatingMemoryStream: MemoryStream
+        {
+            private readonly byte[] bytes;
+            private readonly int maxIterations;
+            private int index = 0;
+
+            public RepeatingMemoryStream(byte[] bytes, int maxIterations)
+            {
+                this.bytes = bytes;
+                this.maxIterations = maxIterations;
+            }
+
+            public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
+            {
+                if (bytes.Length == 0)
+                {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                int numBytesCopiedTotal = 0;
+                while (numBytesCopiedTotal < count && index < maxIterations)
+                {
+                    int numBytesToCopy = Math.Min(bytes.Length - (int)Position, count);
+                    Array.Copy(bytes, (int)Position, buffer, offset, numBytesToCopy);
+                    numBytesCopiedTotal += numBytesToCopy;
+                    offset += numBytesToCopy;
+                    count -= numBytesCopiedTotal;
+                    Position += numBytesToCopy;
+                    if (Position >= bytes.Length)
+                    {
+                        Position = 0;
+                        index++;
+                    }
+                }
+                return numBytesCopiedTotal;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedOutputStreamTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedOutputStreamTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98cabd55a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/CodedOutputStreamTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class CodedOutputStreamTest
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the given value using WriteRawVarint32() and WriteRawVarint64() and
+        /// checks that the result matches the given bytes
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertWriteVarint(byte[] data, ulong value)
+        {
+            // Only do 32-bit write if the value fits in 32 bits.
+            if ((value >> 32) == 0)
+            {
+                MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+                CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput);
+                output.WriteRawVarint32((uint) value);
+                output.Flush();
+                Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+                // Also try computing size.
+                Assert.AreEqual(data.Length, CodedOutputStream.ComputeRawVarint32Size((uint) value));
+            }
+
+            {
+                MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+                CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput);
+                output.WriteRawVarint64(value);
+                output.Flush();
+                Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+
+                // Also try computing size.
+                Assert.AreEqual(data.Length, CodedOutputStream.ComputeRawVarint64Size(value));
+            }
+
+            // Try different buffer sizes.
+            for (int bufferSize = 1; bufferSize <= 16; bufferSize *= 2)
+            {
+                // Only do 32-bit write if the value fits in 32 bits.
+                if ((value >> 32) == 0)
+                {
+                    MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+                    CodedOutputStream output =
+                        new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput, bufferSize);
+                    output.WriteRawVarint32((uint) value);
+                    output.Flush();
+                    Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+                }
+
+                {
+                    MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+                    CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput, bufferSize);
+                    output.WriteRawVarint64(value);
+                    output.Flush();
+                    Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tests WriteRawVarint32() and WriteRawVarint64()
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteVarint()
+        {
+            AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0x00}, 0);
+            AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0x01}, 1);
+            AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0x7f}, 127);
+            // 14882
+            AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0xa2, 0x74}, (0x22 << 0) | (0x74 << 7));
+            // 2961488830
+            AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b},
+                              (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
+                              (0x0bL << 28));
+
+            // 64-bit
+            // 7256456126
+            AssertWriteVarint(new byte[] {0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b},
+                              (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
+                              (0x1bL << 28));
+            // 41256202580718336
+            AssertWriteVarint(
+                new byte[] {0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49},
+                (0x00 << 0) | (0x66 << 7) | (0x6b << 14) | (0x1c << 21) |
+                (0x43UL << 28) | (0x49L << 35) | (0x24UL << 42) | (0x49UL << 49));
+            // 11964378330978735131
+            AssertWriteVarint(
+                new byte[] {0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85, 0xa6, 0x01},
+                unchecked((ulong)
+                          ((0x1b << 0) | (0x28 << 7) | (0x79 << 14) | (0x42 << 21) |
+                           (0x3bL << 28) | (0x56L << 35) | (0x00L << 42) |
+                           (0x05L << 49) | (0x26L << 56) | (0x01L << 63))));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the given bytes using WriteRawLittleEndian32() and checks
+        /// that the result matches the given value.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertWriteLittleEndian32(byte[] data, uint value)
+        {
+            MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput);
+            output.WriteRawLittleEndian32(value);
+            output.Flush();
+            Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+
+            // Try different buffer sizes.
+            for (int bufferSize = 1; bufferSize <= 16; bufferSize *= 2)
+            {
+                rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+                output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput, bufferSize);
+                output.WriteRawLittleEndian32(value);
+                output.Flush();
+                Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the given bytes using WriteRawLittleEndian64() and checks
+        /// that the result matches the given value.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertWriteLittleEndian64(byte[] data, ulong value)
+        {
+            MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput);
+            output.WriteRawLittleEndian64(value);
+            output.Flush();
+            Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+
+            // Try different block sizes.
+            for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2)
+            {
+                rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+                output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput, blockSize);
+                output.WriteRawLittleEndian64(value);
+                output.Flush();
+                Assert.AreEqual(data, rawOutput.ToArray());
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tests writeRawLittleEndian32() and writeRawLittleEndian64().
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteLittleEndian()
+        {
+            AssertWriteLittleEndian32(new byte[] {0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12}, 0x12345678);
+            AssertWriteLittleEndian32(new byte[] {0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a}, 0x9abcdef0);
+
+            AssertWriteLittleEndian64(
+                new byte[] {0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12},
+                0x123456789abcdef0L);
+            AssertWriteLittleEndian64(
+                new byte[] {0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a},
+                0x9abcdef012345678UL);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteWholeMessage_VaryingBlockSizes()
+        {
+            TestAllTypes message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+
+            byte[] rawBytes = message.ToByteArray();
+
+            // Try different block sizes.
+            for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize < 256; blockSize *= 2)
+            {
+                MemoryStream rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+                CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput, blockSize);
+                message.WriteTo(output);
+                output.Flush();
+                Assert.AreEqual(rawBytes, rawOutput.ToArray());
+            }
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void EncodeZigZag32()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(0u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-1));
+            Assert.AreEqual(2u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(1));
+            Assert.AreEqual(3u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-2));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x7FFFFFFEu, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0x3FFFFFFF));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x7FFFFFFFu, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(unchecked((int) 0xC0000000)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFEu, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFF));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFFu, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(unchecked((int) 0x80000000)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EncodeZigZag64()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(0u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(0));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-1));
+            Assert.AreEqual(2u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(1));
+            Assert.AreEqual(3u, CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-2));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x000000007FFFFFFEuL,
+                            CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x000000003FFFFFFFUL)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x000000007FFFFFFFuL,
+                            CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0xFFFFFFFFC0000000UL)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000FFFFFFFEuL,
+                            CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x000000007FFFFFFFUL)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x00000000FFFFFFFFuL,
+                            CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0xFFFFFFFF80000000UL)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEL,
+                            CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFUL)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL,
+                            CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(unchecked((long) 0x8000000000000000UL)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTripZigZag32()
+        {
+            // Some easier-to-verify round-trip tests.  The inputs (other than 0, 1, -1)
+            // were chosen semi-randomly via keyboard bashing.
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(0)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(1)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-1)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(14927, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(14927)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-3612, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag32(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag32(-3612)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTripZigZag64()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(0)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(1)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-1, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-1)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(14927, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(14927)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-3612, CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-3612)));
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(856912304801416L,
+                            CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(856912304801416L)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-75123905439571256L,
+                            CodedInputStream.DecodeZigZag64(CodedOutputStream.EncodeZigZag64(-75123905439571256L)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNegativeEnumNoTag()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(-2));
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) SampleEnum.NegativeValue));
+
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[10];
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(bytes);
+            output.WriteEnum((int) SampleEnum.NegativeValue);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);
+            Assert.AreEqual("FE-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-01", BitConverter.ToString(bytes));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestCodedInputOutputPosition()
+        {
+            byte[] content = new byte[110];
+            for (int i = 0; i < content.Length; i++)
+                content[i] = (byte)i;
+
+            byte[] child = new byte[120];
+            {
+                MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(child);
+                CodedOutputStream cout = new CodedOutputStream(ms, 20);
+                // Field 11: numeric value: 500
+                cout.WriteTag(11, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+                Assert.AreEqual(1, cout.Position);
+                cout.WriteInt32(500);
+                Assert.AreEqual(3, cout.Position);
+                //Field 12: length delimited 120 bytes
+                cout.WriteTag(12, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+                Assert.AreEqual(4, cout.Position);
+                cout.WriteBytes(ByteString.CopyFrom(content));
+                Assert.AreEqual(115, cout.Position);
+                // Field 13: fixed numeric value: 501
+                cout.WriteTag(13, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32);
+                Assert.AreEqual(116, cout.Position);
+                cout.WriteSFixed32(501);
+                Assert.AreEqual(120, cout.Position);
+                cout.Flush();
+            }
+
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[130];
+            {
+                CodedOutputStream cout = new CodedOutputStream(bytes);
+                // Field 1: numeric value: 500
+                cout.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+                Assert.AreEqual(1, cout.Position);
+                cout.WriteInt32(500);
+                Assert.AreEqual(3, cout.Position);
+                //Field 2: length delimited 120 bytes
+                cout.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+                Assert.AreEqual(4, cout.Position);
+                cout.WriteBytes(ByteString.CopyFrom(child));
+                Assert.AreEqual(125, cout.Position);
+                // Field 3: fixed numeric value: 500
+                cout.WriteTag(3, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32);
+                Assert.AreEqual(126, cout.Position);
+                cout.WriteSFixed32(501);
+                Assert.AreEqual(130, cout.Position);
+                cout.Flush();
+            }
+            // Now test Input stream:
+            {
+                CodedInputStream cin = new CodedInputStream(new MemoryStream(bytes), new byte[50], 0, 0, false);
+                Assert.AreEqual(0, cin.Position);
+                // Field 1:
+                uint tag = cin.ReadTag();
+                Assert.AreEqual(1, tag >> 3);
+                Assert.AreEqual(1, cin.Position);
+                Assert.AreEqual(500, cin.ReadInt32());
+                Assert.AreEqual(3, cin.Position);
+                //Field 2:
+                tag = cin.ReadTag();
+                Assert.AreEqual(2, tag >> 3);
+                Assert.AreEqual(4, cin.Position);
+                int childlen = cin.ReadLength();
+                Assert.AreEqual(120, childlen);
+                Assert.AreEqual(5, cin.Position);
+                int oldlimit = cin.PushLimit((int)childlen);
+                Assert.AreEqual(5, cin.Position);
+                // Now we are reading child message
+                {
+                    // Field 11: numeric value: 500
+                    tag = cin.ReadTag();
+                    Assert.AreEqual(11, tag >> 3);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(6, cin.Position);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(500, cin.ReadInt32());
+                    Assert.AreEqual(8, cin.Position);
+                    //Field 12: length delimited 120 bytes
+                    tag = cin.ReadTag();
+                    Assert.AreEqual(12, tag >> 3);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(9, cin.Position);
+                    ByteString bstr = cin.ReadBytes();
+                    Assert.AreEqual(110, bstr.Length);
+                    Assert.AreEqual((byte) 109, bstr[109]);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(120, cin.Position);
+                    // Field 13: fixed numeric value: 501
+                    tag = cin.ReadTag();
+                    Assert.AreEqual(13, tag >> 3);
+                    // ROK - Previously broken here, this returned 126 failing to account for bufferSizeAfterLimit
+                    Assert.AreEqual(121, cin.Position);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(501, cin.ReadSFixed32());
+                    Assert.AreEqual(125, cin.Position);
+                    Assert.IsTrue(cin.IsAtEnd);
+                }
+                cin.PopLimit(oldlimit);
+                Assert.AreEqual(125, cin.Position);
+                // Field 3: fixed numeric value: 501
+                tag = cin.ReadTag();
+                Assert.AreEqual(3, tag >> 3);
+                Assert.AreEqual(126, cin.Position);
+                Assert.AreEqual(501, cin.ReadSFixed32());
+                Assert.AreEqual(130, cin.Position);
+                Assert.IsTrue(cin.IsAtEnd);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Dispose_DisposesUnderlyingStream()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            Assert.IsTrue(memoryStream.CanWrite);
+            using (var cos = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream))
+            {
+                cos.WriteRawByte(0);
+                Assert.AreEqual(0, memoryStream.Position); // Not flushed yet
+            }
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, memoryStream.ToArray().Length); // Flushed data from CodedOutputStream to MemoryStream
+            Assert.IsFalse(memoryStream.CanWrite); // Disposed
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Dispose_WithLeaveOpen()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            Assert.IsTrue(memoryStream.CanWrite);
+            using (var cos = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream, true))
+            {
+                cos.WriteRawByte(0);
+                Assert.AreEqual(0, memoryStream.Position); // Not flushed yet
+            }
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, memoryStream.Position); // Flushed data from CodedOutputStream to MemoryStream
+            Assert.IsTrue(memoryStream.CanWrite); // We left the stream open
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Dispose_FromByteArray()
+        {
+            var stream = new CodedOutputStream(new byte[10]);
+            stream.Dispose();
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/MapFieldTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/MapFieldTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f64ebac4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/MapFieldTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Collections
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tests for MapField which aren't reliant on the encoded format -
+    /// tests for serialization/deserialization are part of GeneratedMessageTest.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class MapFieldTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Clone_ClonesMessages()
+        {
+            var message = new ForeignMessage { C = 20 };
+            var map = new MapField<string, ForeignMessage> { { "x", message } };
+            var clone = map.Clone();
+            map["x"].C = 30;
+            Assert.AreEqual(20, clone["x"].C);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NullValuesProhibited()
+        {
+            TestNullValues<int?>(0);
+            TestNullValues("");
+            TestNullValues(new TestAllTypes());
+        }
+
+        private void TestNullValues<T>(T nonNullValue)
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<int, T>();
+            var nullValue = (T) (object) null;
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => map.Add(0, nullValue));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => map[0] = nullValue);
+            map.Add(1, nonNullValue);
+            map[1] = nonNullValue;
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Add_ForbidsNullKeys()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, ForeignMessage>();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => map.Add(null, new ForeignMessage()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Indexer_ForbidsNullKeys()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, ForeignMessage>();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => map[null] = new ForeignMessage());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddPreservesInsertionOrder()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map.Add("a", "v1");
+            map.Add("b", "v2");
+            map.Add("c", "v3");
+            map.Remove("b");
+            map.Add("d", "v4");
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "a", "c", "d" }, map.Keys);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "v1", "v3", "v4" }, map.Values);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EqualityIsOrderInsensitive()
+        {
+            var map1 = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map1.Add("a", "v1");
+            map1.Add("b", "v2");
+
+            var map2 = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map2.Add("b", "v2");
+            map2.Add("a", "v1");
+
+            EqualityTester.AssertEquality(map1, map2);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EqualityIsKeySensitive()
+        {
+            var map1 = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map1.Add("first key", "v1");
+            map1.Add("second key", "v2");
+
+            var map2 = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map2.Add("third key", "v1");
+            map2.Add("fourth key", "v2");
+
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(map1, map2);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Equality_Simple()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            EqualityTester.AssertEquality(map, map);
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(map, null);
+            Assert.IsFalse(map.Equals(new object()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EqualityIsValueSensitive()
+        {
+            // Note: Without some care, it's a little easier than one might
+            // hope to see hash collisions, but only in some environments...
+            var map1 = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map1.Add("a", "first value");
+            map1.Add("b", "second value");
+
+            var map2 = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map2.Add("a", "third value");
+            map2.Add("b", "fourth value");
+
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(map1, map2);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Add_Dictionary()
+        {
+            var map1 = new MapField<string, string>
+            {
+                { "x", "y" },
+                { "a", "b" }
+            };
+            var map2 = new MapField<string, string>
+            {
+                { "before", "" },
+                map1,
+                { "after", "" }
+            };
+            var expected = new MapField<string, string>
+            {
+                { "before", "" },
+                { "x", "y" },
+                { "a", "b" },
+                { "after", "" }
+            };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, map2);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "before", "x", "a", "after" }, map2.Keys);
+        }
+
+        // General IDictionary<TKey, TValue> behavior tests
+        [Test]
+        public void Add_KeyAlreadyExists()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map.Add("foo", "bar");
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => map.Add("foo", "baz"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Add_Pair()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, string>> collection = map;
+            collection.Add(NewKeyValuePair("x", "y"));
+            Assert.AreEqual("y", map["x"]);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => collection.Add(NewKeyValuePair("x", "z")));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Contains_Pair()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, string>> collection = map;
+            Assert.IsTrue(collection.Contains(NewKeyValuePair("x", "y")));
+            Assert.IsFalse(collection.Contains(NewKeyValuePair("x", "z")));
+            Assert.IsFalse(collection.Contains(NewKeyValuePair("z", "y")));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Remove_Key()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map.Add("foo", "bar");
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, map.Count);
+            Assert.IsFalse(map.Remove("missing"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, map.Count);
+            Assert.IsTrue(map.Remove("foo"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, map.Count);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => map.Remove(null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Remove_Pair()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map.Add("foo", "bar");
+            ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, string>> collection = map;
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, map.Count);
+            Assert.IsFalse(collection.Remove(NewKeyValuePair("wrong key", "bar")));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, map.Count);
+            Assert.IsFalse(collection.Remove(NewKeyValuePair("foo", "wrong value")));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, map.Count);
+            Assert.IsTrue(collection.Remove(NewKeyValuePair("foo", "bar")));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, map.Count);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => collection.Remove(new KeyValuePair<string, string>(null, "")));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CopyTo_Pair()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map.Add("foo", "bar");
+            ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, string>> collection = map;
+            KeyValuePair<string, string>[] array = new KeyValuePair<string, string>[3];
+            collection.CopyTo(array, 1);
+            Assert.AreEqual(NewKeyValuePair("foo", "bar"), array[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, map.Count);
+            map.Clear();
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, map.Count);
+            map.Add("x", "y");
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, map.Count);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Indexer_Get()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            Assert.AreEqual("y", map["x"]);
+            Assert.Throws<KeyNotFoundException>(() => { var ignored = map["z"]; });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Indexer_Set()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            map["x"] = "y";
+            Assert.AreEqual("y", map["x"]);
+            map["x"] = "z"; // This won't throw, unlike Add.
+            Assert.AreEqual("z", map["x"]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetEnumerator_NonGeneric()
+        {
+            IEnumerable map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { new KeyValuePair<string, string>("x", "y") },
+                map.Cast<object>().ToList());
+        }
+
+        // Test for the explicitly-implemented non-generic IDictionary interface
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            IDictionary map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            var enumerator = map.GetEnumerator();
+
+            // Commented assertions show an ideal situation - it looks like
+            // the LinkedList enumerator doesn't throw when you ask for the current entry
+            // at an inappropriate time; fixing this would be more work than it's worth.
+            // Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => enumerator.Current.GetHashCode());
+            Assert.IsTrue(enumerator.MoveNext());
+            Assert.AreEqual("x", enumerator.Key);
+            Assert.AreEqual("y", enumerator.Value);
+            Assert.AreEqual(new DictionaryEntry("x", "y"), enumerator.Current);
+            Assert.AreEqual(new DictionaryEntry("x", "y"), enumerator.Entry);
+            Assert.IsFalse(enumerator.MoveNext());
+            // Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => enumerator.Current.GetHashCode());
+            enumerator.Reset();
+            // Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => enumerator.Current.GetHashCode());
+            Assert.IsTrue(enumerator.MoveNext());
+            Assert.AreEqual("x", enumerator.Key); // Assume the rest are okay
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_Add()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            IDictionary dictionary = map;
+            dictionary.Add("a", "b");
+            Assert.AreEqual("b", map["a"]);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => dictionary.Add("a", "duplicate"));
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidCastException>(() => dictionary.Add(new object(), "key is bad"));
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidCastException>(() => dictionary.Add("value is bad", new object()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_Contains()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            IDictionary dictionary = map;
+
+            Assert.IsFalse(dictionary.Contains("a"));
+            Assert.IsFalse(dictionary.Contains(5));
+            // Surprising, but IDictionary.Contains is only about keys.
+            Assert.IsFalse(dictionary.Contains(new DictionaryEntry("x", "y")));
+            Assert.IsTrue(dictionary.Contains("x"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_Remove()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            IDictionary dictionary = map;
+            dictionary.Remove("a");
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, dictionary.Count);
+            dictionary.Remove(5);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, dictionary.Count);
+            dictionary.Remove(new DictionaryEntry("x", "y"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, dictionary.Count);
+            dictionary.Remove("x");
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, dictionary.Count);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => dictionary.Remove(null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_CopyTo()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            IDictionary dictionary = map;
+            var array = new DictionaryEntry[3];
+            dictionary.CopyTo(array, 1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { default(DictionaryEntry), new DictionaryEntry("x", "y"), default(DictionaryEntry) },
+                array);
+            var objectArray = new object[3];
+            dictionary.CopyTo(objectArray, 1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new object[] { null, new DictionaryEntry("x", "y"), null },
+                objectArray);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_IsFixedSize()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            IDictionary dictionary = map;
+            Assert.IsFalse(dictionary.IsFixedSize);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_Keys()
+        {
+            IDictionary dictionary = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "x" }, dictionary.Keys);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_Values()
+        {
+            IDictionary dictionary = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "y" }, dictionary.Values);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_IsSynchronized()
+        {
+            IDictionary dictionary = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            Assert.IsFalse(dictionary.IsSynchronized);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_SyncRoot()
+        {
+            IDictionary dictionary = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            Assert.AreSame(dictionary, dictionary.SyncRoot);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_Indexer_Get()
+        {
+            IDictionary dictionary = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            Assert.AreEqual("y", dictionary["x"]);
+            Assert.IsNull(dictionary["a"]);
+            Assert.IsNull(dictionary[5]);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => dictionary[null].GetHashCode());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionary_Indexer_Set()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "x", "y" } };
+            IDictionary dictionary = map;
+            map["a"] = "b";
+            Assert.AreEqual("b", map["a"]);
+            map["a"] = "c";
+            Assert.AreEqual("c", map["a"]);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidCastException>(() => dictionary[5] = "x");
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidCastException>(() => dictionary["x"] = 5);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => dictionary[null] = "z");
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => dictionary["x"] = null);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void KeysReturnsLiveView()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            var keys = map.Keys;
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new string[0], keys);
+            map["foo"] = "bar";
+            map["x"] = "y";
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "foo", "x" }, keys);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ValuesReturnsLiveView()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            var values = map.Values;
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new string[0], values);
+            map["foo"] = "bar";
+            map["x"] = "y";
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "bar", "y" }, values);
+        }
+
+        // Just test keys - we know the implementation is the same for values
+        [Test]
+        public void ViewsAreReadOnly()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string>();
+            var keys = map.Keys;
+            Assert.IsTrue(keys.IsReadOnly);
+            Assert.Throws<NotSupportedException>(() => keys.Clear());
+            Assert.Throws<NotSupportedException>(() => keys.Remove("a"));
+            Assert.Throws<NotSupportedException>(() => keys.Add("a"));
+        }
+
+        // Just test keys - we know the implementation is the same for values
+        [Test]
+        public void ViewCopyTo()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "foo", "bar" }, { "x", "y" } };
+            var keys = map.Keys;
+            var array = new string[4];
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => keys.CopyTo(array, 3));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => keys.CopyTo(array, -1));
+            keys.CopyTo(array, 1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { null, "foo", "x", null }, array);
+        }
+
+        // Just test keys - we know the implementation is the same for values
+        [Test]
+        public void NonGenericViewCopyTo()
+        {
+            IDictionary map = new MapField<string, string> { { "foo", "bar" }, { "x", "y" } };
+            ICollection keys = map.Keys;
+            // Note the use of the Array type here rather than string[]
+            Array array = new string[4];
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => keys.CopyTo(array, 3));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => keys.CopyTo(array, -1));
+            keys.CopyTo(array, 1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { null, "foo", "x", null }, array);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void KeysContains()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "foo", "bar" }, { "x", "y" } };
+            var keys = map.Keys;
+            Assert.IsTrue(keys.Contains("foo"));
+            Assert.IsFalse(keys.Contains("bar")); // It's a value!
+            Assert.IsFalse(keys.Contains("1"));
+            // Keys can't be null, so we should prevent contains check
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => keys.Contains(null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void KeysCopyTo()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "foo", "bar" }, { "x", "y" } };
+            var keys = map.Keys.ToArray(); // Uses CopyTo internally
+            CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(new[] { "foo", "x" }, keys);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ValuesContains()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "foo", "bar" }, { "x", "y" } };
+            var values = map.Values;
+            Assert.IsTrue(values.Contains("bar"));
+            Assert.IsFalse(values.Contains("foo")); // It's a key!
+            Assert.IsFalse(values.Contains("1"));
+            // Values can be null, so this makes sense
+            Assert.IsFalse(values.Contains(null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ValuesCopyTo()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "foo", "bar" }, { "x", "y" } };
+            var values = map.Values.ToArray(); // Uses CopyTo internally
+            CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(new[] { "bar", "y" }, values);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_StringToString()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "foo", "bar" }, { "x", "y" } };
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"foo\": \"bar\", \"x\": \"y\" }", map.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_UnsupportedKeyType()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<byte, string> { { 10, "foo" } };
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => map.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NaNValuesComparedBitwise()
+        {
+            var map1 = new MapField<string, double>
+            {
+                { "x", SampleNaNs.Regular },
+                { "y", SampleNaNs.SignallingFlipped }
+            };
+
+            var map2 = new MapField<string, double>
+            {
+                { "x", SampleNaNs.Regular },
+                { "y", SampleNaNs.PayloadFlipped }
+            };
+
+            var map3 = new MapField<string, double>
+            {
+                { "x", SampleNaNs.Regular },
+                { "y", SampleNaNs.SignallingFlipped }
+            };
+
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(map1, map2);
+            EqualityTester.AssertEquality(map1, map3);
+            Assert.True(map1.Values.Contains(SampleNaNs.SignallingFlipped));
+            Assert.False(map2.Values.Contains(SampleNaNs.SignallingFlipped));
+        }
+
+        // This wouldn't usually happen, as protos can't use doubles as map keys,
+        // but let's be consistent.
+        [Test]
+        public void NaNKeysComparedBitwise()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<double, string>
+            {
+                { SampleNaNs.Regular, "x" },
+                { SampleNaNs.SignallingFlipped, "y" }
+            };
+            Assert.AreEqual("x", map[SampleNaNs.Regular]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("y", map[SampleNaNs.SignallingFlipped]);
+            string ignored;
+            Assert.False(map.TryGetValue(SampleNaNs.PayloadFlipped, out ignored));
+        }
+
+#if !NET35
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionaryKeys_Equals_IReadOnlyDictionaryKeys()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "foo", "bar" }, { "x", "y" } };
+            CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(((IDictionary<string, string>)map).Keys, ((IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string>)map).Keys);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IDictionaryValues_Equals_IReadOnlyDictionaryValues()
+        {
+            var map = new MapField<string, string> { { "foo", "bar" }, { "x", "y" } };
+            CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(((IDictionary<string, string>)map).Values, ((IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string>)map).Values);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        private static KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> NewKeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(TKey key, TValue value)
+        {
+            return new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(key, value);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/ProtobufEqualityComparersTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/ProtobufEqualityComparersTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..594a87986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/ProtobufEqualityComparersTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using static Google.Protobuf.Collections.ProtobufEqualityComparers;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Collections
+{
+    public class ProtobufEqualityComparersTest
+    {
+        private static readonly double[] doubles =
+        {
+            0,
+            1,
+            1.5,
+            -1.5,
+            double.PositiveInfinity,
+            double.NegativeInfinity,
+            // Three different types of NaN...
+            SampleNaNs.Regular,
+            SampleNaNs.SignallingFlipped,
+            SampleNaNs.PayloadFlipped
+        };
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetEqualityComparer_Default()
+        {
+            // It's more pain than it's worth to try to parameterize these tests.
+            Assert.AreSame(EqualityComparer<object>.Default, GetEqualityComparer<object>());
+            Assert.AreSame(EqualityComparer<string>.Default, GetEqualityComparer<string>());
+            Assert.AreSame(EqualityComparer<int>.Default, GetEqualityComparer<int>());
+            Assert.AreSame(EqualityComparer<int?>.Default, GetEqualityComparer<int?>());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetEqualityComparer_NotDefault()
+        {
+            // It's more pain than it's worth to try to parameterize these tests.
+            Assert.AreSame(BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer, GetEqualityComparer<double>());
+            Assert.AreSame(BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer, GetEqualityComparer<float>());
+            Assert.AreSame(BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer, GetEqualityComparer<double?>());
+            Assert.AreSame(BitwiseNullableSingleEqualityComparer, GetEqualityComparer<float?>());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DoubleComparisons()
+        {
+            ValidateEqualityComparer(BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer, doubles);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NullableDoubleComparisons()
+        {
+            ValidateEqualityComparer(BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer, doubles.Select(d => (double?) d).Concat(new double?[] { null }));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SingleComparisons()
+        {
+            ValidateEqualityComparer(BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer, doubles.Select(d => (float) d));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NullableSingleComparisons()
+        {
+            ValidateEqualityComparer(BitwiseNullableSingleEqualityComparer, doubles.Select(d => (float?) d).Concat(new float?[] { null }));
+        }
+
+        private static void ValidateEqualityComparer<T>(EqualityComparer<T> comparer, IEnumerable<T> values)
+        {
+            var array = values.ToArray();
+            // Each value should be equal to itself, but not to any other value.
+            for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
+            {
+                for (int j = 0; j < array.Length; j++)
+                {
+                    if (i == j)
+                    {
+                        Assert.IsTrue(comparer.Equals(array[i], array[j]),
+                            "{0} should be equal to itself", array[i], array[j]);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Assert.IsFalse(comparer.Equals(array[i], array[j]),
+                            "{0} and {1} should not be equal", array[i], array[j]);
+                        Assert.AreNotEqual(comparer.GetHashCode(array[i]), comparer.GetHashCode(array[j]),
+                            "Hash codes for {0} and {1} should not be equal", array[i], array[j]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/RepeatedFieldTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/RepeatedFieldTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..527c7d404
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Collections/RepeatedFieldTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,808 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Collections
+{
+    public class RepeatedFieldTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void NullValuesRejected()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => list.Add((string)null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => list.Add((IEnumerable<string>)null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => list.Add((RepeatedField<string>)null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => list.Contains(null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => list.IndexOf(null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Add_SingleItem()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            list.Add("foo");
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("foo", list[0]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Add_Sequence()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            list.Add(new[] { "foo", "bar" });
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("foo", list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("bar", list[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_SlowPath()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            list.AddRange(new[] { "foo", "bar" }.Select(x => x));
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("foo", list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("bar", list[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_SlowPath_NullsProhibited_ReferenceType()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            // It's okay for this to throw ArgumentNullException if necessary.
+            // It's not ideal, but not awful.
+            Assert.Catch<ArgumentException>(() => list.AddRange(new[] { "foo", null }.Select(x => x)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_SlowPath_NullsProhibited_NullableValueType()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int?>();
+            // It's okay for this to throw ArgumentNullException if necessary.
+            // It's not ideal, but not awful.
+            Assert.Catch<ArgumentException>(() => list.AddRange(new[] { 20, (int?)null }.Select(x => x)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_Optimized_NonNullableValueType()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int>();
+            list.AddRange(new List<int> { 20, 30 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(20, list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(30, list[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_Optimized_ReferenceType()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            list.AddRange(new List<string> { "foo", "bar" });
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("foo", list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("bar", list[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_Optimized_NullableValueType()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int?>();
+            list.AddRange(new List<int?> { 20, 30 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual((int?) 20, list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual((int?) 30, list[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_Optimized_NullsProhibited_ReferenceType()
+        {
+            // We don't just trust that a collection with a nullable element type doesn't contain nulls
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            // It's okay for this to throw ArgumentNullException if necessary.
+            // It's not ideal, but not awful.
+            Assert.Catch<ArgumentException>(() => list.AddRange(new List<string> { "foo", null }));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_Optimized_NullsProhibited_NullableValueType()
+        {
+            // We don't just trust that a collection with a nullable element type doesn't contain nulls
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int?>();
+            // It's okay for this to throw ArgumentNullException if necessary.
+            // It's not ideal, but not awful.
+            Assert.Catch<ArgumentException>(() => list.AddRange(new List<int?> { 20, null }));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_AlreadyNotEmpty()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int> { 1, 2, 3 };
+            list.AddRange(new List<int> { 4, 5, 6 });
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, list);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddRange_RepeatedField()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "original" };
+            list.AddRange(new RepeatedField<string> { "foo", "bar" });
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("original", list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("foo", list[1]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("bar", list[2]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RemoveAt_Valid()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second", "third" };
+            list.RemoveAt(1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "first", "third" }, list);
+            // Just check that these don't throw...
+            list.RemoveAt(list.Count - 1); // Now the count will be 1...
+            list.RemoveAt(0);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, list.Count);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RemoveAt_Invalid()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second", "third" };
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list.RemoveAt(-1));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list.RemoveAt(3));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Insert_Valid()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            list.Insert(1, "middle");
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "first", "middle", "second" }, list);
+            list.Insert(3, "end");
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "first", "middle", "second", "end" }, list);
+            list.Insert(0, "start");
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "start", "first", "middle", "second", "end" }, list);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Insert_Invalid()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list.Insert(-1, "foo"));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list.Insert(3, "foo"));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => list.Insert(0, null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Equals_RepeatedField()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Equals((RepeatedField<string>) null));
+            Assert.IsTrue(list.Equals(list));
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Equals(new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "third" }));
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Equals(new RepeatedField<string> { "first" }));
+            Assert.IsTrue(list.Equals(new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" }));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Equals_Object()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Equals((object) null));
+            Assert.IsTrue(list.Equals((object) list));
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Equals((object) new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "third" }));
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Equals((object) new RepeatedField<string> { "first" }));
+            Assert.IsTrue(list.Equals((object) new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" }));
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Equals(new object()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetEnumerator_GenericInterface()
+        {
+            IEnumerable<string> list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            // Select gets rid of the optimizations in ToList...
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "first", "second" }, list.Select(x => x).ToList());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetEnumerator_NonGenericInterface()
+        {
+            IEnumerable list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "first", "second" }, list.Cast<object>().ToList());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CopyTo()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            string[] stringArray = new string[4];
+            list.CopyTo(stringArray, 1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { null, "first", "second", null }, stringArray);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Indexer_Get()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.AreEqual("first", list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("second", list[1]);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list[-1].GetHashCode());
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list[2].GetHashCode());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Indexer_Set()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            list[0] = "changed";
+            Assert.AreEqual("changed", list[0]);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => list[0] = null);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list[-1] = "bad");
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list[2] = "bad");
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Clone_ReturnsMutable()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int> { 0 };
+            var clone = list.Clone();
+            clone[0] = 1;
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Enumerator()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            using (var enumerator = list.GetEnumerator())
+            {
+                Assert.IsTrue(enumerator.MoveNext());
+                Assert.AreEqual("first", enumerator.Current);
+                Assert.IsTrue(enumerator.MoveNext());
+                Assert.AreEqual("second", enumerator.Current);
+                Assert.IsFalse(enumerator.MoveNext());
+                Assert.IsFalse(enumerator.MoveNext());
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddEntriesFrom_PackedInt32()
+        {
+            uint packedTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            var length = CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(10)
+                + CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(999)
+                + CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(-1000);
+            output.WriteTag(packedTag);
+            output.WriteRawVarint32((uint) length);
+            output.WriteInt32(10);
+            output.WriteInt32(999);
+            output.WriteInt32(-1000);
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            // Deliberately "expecting" a non-packed tag, but we detect that the data is
+            // actually packed.
+            uint nonPackedTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var field = new RepeatedField<int>();
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(packedTag);
+            field.AddEntriesFrom(input, FieldCodec.ForInt32(nonPackedTag));
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { 10, 999, -1000 }, field);
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddEntriesFrom_NonPackedInt32()
+        {
+            uint nonPackedTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            output.WriteTag(nonPackedTag);
+            output.WriteInt32(10);
+            output.WriteTag(nonPackedTag);
+            output.WriteInt32(999);
+            output.WriteTag(nonPackedTag);
+            output.WriteInt32(-1000); // Just for variety...
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            // Deliberately "expecting" a packed tag, but we detect that the data is
+            // actually not packed.
+            uint packedTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var field = new RepeatedField<int>();
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(nonPackedTag);
+            field.AddEntriesFrom(input, FieldCodec.ForInt32(packedTag));
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { 10, 999, -1000 }, field);
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddEntriesFrom_String()
+        {
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            output.WriteTag(tag);
+            output.WriteString("Foo");
+            output.WriteTag(tag);
+            output.WriteString("");
+            output.WriteTag(tag);
+            output.WriteString("Bar");
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var field = new RepeatedField<string>();
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            field.AddEntriesFrom(input, FieldCodec.ForString(tag));
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "Foo", "", "Bar" }, field);
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AddEntriesFrom_Message()
+        {
+            var message1 = new ForeignMessage { C = 2000 };
+            var message2 = new ForeignMessage { C = -250 };
+
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            output.WriteTag(tag);
+            output.WriteMessage(message1);
+            output.WriteTag(tag);
+            output.WriteMessage(message2);
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var field = new RepeatedField<ForeignMessage>();
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            field.AddEntriesFrom(input, FieldCodec.ForMessage(tag, ForeignMessage.Parser));
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { message1, message2}, field);
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteTo_PackedInt32()
+        {
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var field = new RepeatedField<int> { 10, 1000, 1000000 };
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            field.WriteTo(output, FieldCodec.ForInt32(tag));
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            var length = input.ReadLength();
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, input.ReadInt32());
+            Assert.AreEqual(1000, input.ReadInt32());
+            Assert.AreEqual(1000000, input.ReadInt32());
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1 + CodedOutputStream.ComputeLengthSize(length) + length, stream.Length);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteTo_NonPackedInt32()
+        {
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            var field = new RepeatedField<int> { 10, 1000, 1000000};
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            field.WriteTo(output, FieldCodec.ForInt32(tag));
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, input.ReadInt32());
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1000, input.ReadInt32());
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1000000, input.ReadInt32());
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteTo_String()
+        {
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var field = new RepeatedField<string> { "Foo", "", "Bar" };
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            field.WriteTo(output, FieldCodec.ForString(tag));
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Foo", input.ReadString());
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual("", input.ReadString());
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Bar", input.ReadString());
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteTo_Message()
+        {
+            var message1 = new ForeignMessage { C = 20 };
+            var message2 = new ForeignMessage { C = 25 };
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(10, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var field = new RepeatedField<ForeignMessage> { message1, message2 };
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            field.WriteTo(output, FieldCodec.ForMessage(tag, ForeignMessage.Parser));
+            output.Flush();
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var input = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message1, input.ReadMessage(ForeignMessage.Parser));
+            input.AssertNextTag(tag);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message2, input.ReadMessage(ForeignMessage.Parser));
+            Assert.IsTrue(input.IsAtEnd);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CalculateSize_VariableSizeNonPacked()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int> { 1, 500, 1 };
+            var tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            // 2 bytes for the first entry, 3 bytes for the second, 2 bytes for the third
+            Assert.AreEqual(7, list.CalculateSize(FieldCodec.ForInt32(tag)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CalculateSize_FixedSizeNonPacked()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int> { 1, 500, 1 };
+            var tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32);
+            // 5 bytes for the each entry
+            Assert.AreEqual(15, list.CalculateSize(FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(tag)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CalculateSize_VariableSizePacked()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int> { 1, 500, 1};
+            var tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            // 1 byte for the tag, 1 byte for the length,
+            // 1 byte for the first entry, 2 bytes for the second, 1 byte for the third
+            Assert.AreEqual(6, list.CalculateSize(FieldCodec.ForInt32(tag)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CalculateSize_FixedSizePacked()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int> { 1, 500, 1 };
+            var tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            // 1 byte for the tag, 1 byte for the length, 4 bytes per entry
+            Assert.AreEqual(14, list.CalculateSize(FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(tag)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNegativeEnumArray()
+        {
+            int arraySize = 1 + 1 + (11 * 5);
+            int msgSize = arraySize;
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[msgSize];
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(bytes);
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(8, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            for (int i = 0; i >= -5; i--)
+            {
+                output.WriteTag(tag);
+                output.WriteEnum(i);
+            }
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);
+
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(bytes);
+            tag = input.ReadTag();
+
+            RepeatedField<SampleEnum> values = new RepeatedField<SampleEnum>();
+            values.AddEntriesFrom(input, FieldCodec.ForEnum(tag, x => (int)x, x => (SampleEnum)x));
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(6, values.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(SampleEnum.None, values[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-1)), values[1]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(SampleEnum.NegativeValue, values[2]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-3)), values[3]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-4)), values[4]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-5)), values[5]);
+        }
+
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestNegativeEnumPackedArray()
+        {
+            int arraySize = 1 + (10 * 5);
+            int msgSize = 1 + 1 + arraySize;
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[msgSize];
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(bytes);
+            // Length-delimited to show we want the packed representation
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(8, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteTag(tag);
+            int size = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i >= -5; i--)
+            {
+                size += CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize(i);
+            }
+            output.WriteRawVarint32((uint)size);
+            for (int i = 0; i >= -5; i--)
+            {
+                output.WriteEnum(i);
+            }
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);
+
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(bytes);
+            tag = input.ReadTag();
+
+            RepeatedField<SampleEnum> values = new RepeatedField<SampleEnum>();
+            values.AddEntriesFrom(input, FieldCodec.ForEnum(tag, x => (int)x, x => (SampleEnum)x));
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(6, values.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(SampleEnum.None, values[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-1)), values[1]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(SampleEnum.NegativeValue, values[2]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-3)), values[3]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-4)), values[4]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(((SampleEnum)(-5)), values[5]);
+        }
+
+        // Fairly perfunctory tests for the non-generic IList implementation
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_Indexer()
+        {
+            var field = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            IList list = field;
+            Assert.AreEqual("first", list[0]);
+            list[1] = "changed";
+            Assert.AreEqual("changed", field[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_Contains()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.IsTrue(list.Contains("second"));
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Contains("third"));
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.Contains(new object()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_Add()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            list.Add("third");
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "first", "second", "third" }, list);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_Remove()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            list.Remove("third"); // No-op, no exception
+            list.Remove(new object()); // No-op, no exception
+            list.Remove("first");
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "second" }, list);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_IsFixedSize()
+        {
+            var field = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            IList list = field;
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.IsFixedSize);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_IndexOf()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, list.IndexOf("second"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-1, list.IndexOf("third"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-1, list.IndexOf(new object()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_SyncRoot()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.AreSame(list, list.SyncRoot);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_CopyTo()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            string[] stringArray = new string[4];
+            list.CopyTo(stringArray, 1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { null, "first",  "second", null }, stringArray);
+
+            object[] objectArray = new object[4];
+            list.CopyTo(objectArray, 1);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { null, "first", "second", null }, objectArray);
+
+            Assert.Throws<ArrayTypeMismatchException>(() => list.CopyTo(new StringBuilder[4], 1));
+            Assert.Throws<ArrayTypeMismatchException>(() => list.CopyTo(new int[4], 1));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_IsSynchronized()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            Assert.IsFalse(list.IsSynchronized);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IList_Insert()
+        {
+            IList list = new RepeatedField<string> { "first", "second" };
+            list.Insert(1, "middle");
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { "first", "middle", "second" }, list);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Integers()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int> { 5, 10, 20 };
+            var text = list.ToString();
+            Assert.AreEqual("[ 5, 10, 20 ]", text);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Strings()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<string> { "x", "y", "z" };
+            var text = list.ToString();
+            Assert.AreEqual("[ \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" ]", text);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Messages()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<TestAllTypes> { new TestAllTypes { SingleDouble = 1.5 }, new TestAllTypes { SingleInt32 = 10 } };
+            var text = list.ToString();
+            Assert.AreEqual("[ { \"singleDouble\": 1.5 }, { \"singleInt32\": 10 } ]", text);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Empty()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<TestAllTypes> { };
+            var text = list.ToString();
+            Assert.AreEqual("[ ]", text);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_InvalidElementType()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<decimal> { 15m };
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => list.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Timestamp()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<Timestamp> { Timestamp.FromDateTime(new DateTime(2015, 10, 1, 12, 34, 56, DateTimeKind.Utc)) };
+            var text = list.ToString();
+            Assert.AreEqual("[ \"2015-10-01T12:34:56Z\" ]", text);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Struct()
+        {
+            var message = new Struct { Fields = { { "foo", new Value { NumberValue = 20 } } } };
+            var list = new RepeatedField<Struct> { message };
+            var text = list.ToString();
+            Assert.AreEqual(text, "[ { \"foo\": 20 } ]", message.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NaNValuesComparedBitwise()
+        {
+            var list1 = new RepeatedField<double> { SampleNaNs.Regular, SampleNaNs.SignallingFlipped };
+            var list2 = new RepeatedField<double> { SampleNaNs.Regular, SampleNaNs.PayloadFlipped };
+            var list3 = new RepeatedField<double> { SampleNaNs.Regular, SampleNaNs.SignallingFlipped };
+
+            // All SampleNaNs have the same hashcode under certain targets (e.g. netcoreapp2.1)
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(list1, list2, checkHashcode: false);
+            EqualityTester.AssertEquality(list1, list3);
+            Assert.True(list1.Contains(SampleNaNs.SignallingFlipped));
+            Assert.False(list2.Contains(SampleNaNs.SignallingFlipped));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Capacity_Increase()
+        {
+            // Unfortunately this case tests implementation details of RepeatedField.  This is necessary
+
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int>() { 1, 2, 3 };
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(8, list.Capacity);
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, list.Count);
+
+            list.Capacity = 10; // Set capacity to a larger value to trigger growth
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, list.Capacity, "Capacity increased");
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, list.Count);
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new int[] {1, 2, 3}, list.ToArray(), "We didn't lose our data in the resize");
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Capacity_Decrease()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int>() { 1, 2, 3 };
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(8, list.Capacity);
+            Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => list.Capacity = 5, "Can decrease capacity if new capacity is greater than list.Count");
+            Assert.AreEqual(5, list.Capacity);
+
+            Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => list.Capacity = 3, "Can set capacity exactly to list.Count" );
+
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list.Capacity = 2, "Can't set the capacity smaller than list.Count" );
+
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list.Capacity = 0, "Can't set the capacity to zero" );
+
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => list.Capacity = -1, "Can't set the capacity to negative" );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Capacity_Zero()
+        {
+            var list = new RepeatedField<int>() { 1 };
+            list.RemoveAt(0);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(8, list.Capacity);
+
+            Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => list.Capacity = 0, "Can set Capacity to 0");
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, list.Capacity);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/PropertyInfoExtensionsTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/PropertyInfoExtensionsTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df23a09cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/PropertyInfoExtensionsTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Compatibility
+{
+    public class PropertyInfoExtensionsTest
+    {
+        public string PublicReadWrite { get; set; }
+        private string PrivateReadWrite { get; set; }
+        public string PublicReadPrivateWrite { get; private set; }
+        public string PrivateReadPublicWrite { private get; set; }
+        public string PublicReadOnly { get { return null; } }
+        private string PrivateReadOnly { get { return null; } }
+        public string PublicWriteOnly { set { } }
+        private string PrivateWriteOnly { set {  } }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("PublicReadWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PublicReadPrivateWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PublicReadOnly")]
+        public void GetGetMethod_Success(string name)
+        {
+            var propertyInfo = typeof(PropertyInfoExtensionsTest)
+                .GetProperty(name, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(PropertyInfoExtensions.GetGetMethod(propertyInfo));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("PrivateReadWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PrivateReadPublicWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PrivateReadOnly")]
+        [TestCase("PublicWriteOnly")]
+        [TestCase("PrivateWriteOnly")]
+        public void GetGetMethod_NoAccessibleGetter(string name)
+        {
+            var propertyInfo = typeof(PropertyInfoExtensionsTest)
+                .GetProperty(name, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
+            Assert.IsNull(PropertyInfoExtensions.GetGetMethod(propertyInfo));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("PublicReadWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PrivateReadPublicWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PublicWriteOnly")]
+        public void GetSetMethod_Success(string name)
+        {
+            var propertyInfo = typeof(PropertyInfoExtensionsTest)
+                .GetProperty(name, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(PropertyInfoExtensions.GetSetMethod(propertyInfo));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("PublicReadPrivateWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PrivateReadWrite")]
+        [TestCase("PrivateReadOnly")]
+        [TestCase("PublicReadOnly")]
+        [TestCase("PrivateWriteOnly")]
+        public void GetSetMethod_NoAccessibleGetter(string name)
+        {
+            var propertyInfo = typeof(PropertyInfoExtensionsTest)
+                .GetProperty(name, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
+            Assert.IsNull(PropertyInfoExtensions.GetSetMethod(propertyInfo));
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/StreamExtensionsTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/StreamExtensionsTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48c0725fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/StreamExtensionsTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+#if NET35
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Google.Protobuf.Compatibility;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Test.Compatibility
+{
+    public class StreamExtensionsTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void CopyToNullArgument()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => memoryStream.CopyTo(null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CopyToTest()
+        {
+            byte[] bytesToStream = new byte[] { 0x31, 0x08, 0xFF, 0x00 };
+            Stream source = new MemoryStream(bytesToStream);
+            Stream destination = new MemoryStream((int)source.Length);
+            source.CopyTo(destination);
+            destination.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x31, destination.ReadByte());
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x08, destination.ReadByte());
+            Assert.AreEqual(0xFF, destination.ReadByte());
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x00, destination.ReadByte());
+            Assert.AreEqual(-1, destination.ReadByte());
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/TypeExtensionsTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/TypeExtensionsTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d86c2089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Compatibility/TypeExtensionsTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+#if !NET35
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Compatibility
+{
+    public class TypeExtensionsTest
+    {
+        public class DerivedList : List<string> { }
+        public string PublicProperty { get; set; }
+        private string PrivateProperty { get; set; }
+
+        public void PublicMethod()
+        {
+        }
+
+        private void PrivateMethod()
+        {
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(object), typeof(string), true)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(object), typeof(int), true)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(string), typeof(string), true)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(string), typeof(object), false)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(string), typeof(int), false)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(int), typeof(int), true)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(ValueType), typeof(int), true)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(long), typeof(int), false)] //
+        public void IsAssignableFrom(Type target, Type argument, bool expected)
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, TypeExtensions.IsAssignableFrom(target, argument));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(DerivedList), "Count")] // Go up the type hierarchy
+        [TestCase(typeof(List<string>), "Count")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(List<>), "Count")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(TypeExtensionsTest), "PublicProperty")]
+        public void GetProperty_Success(Type type, string name)
+        {
+            var property = TypeExtensions.GetProperty(type, name);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(property);
+            Assert.AreEqual(name, property.Name);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(TypeExtensionsTest), "PrivateProperty")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(TypeExtensionsTest), "Garbage")]
+        public void GetProperty_NoSuchProperty(Type type, string name)
+        {
+            var property = TypeExtensions.GetProperty(type, name);
+            Assert.IsNull(property);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(DerivedList), "RemoveAt")] // Go up the type hierarchy
+        [TestCase(typeof(List<>), "RemoveAt")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(TypeExtensionsTest), "PublicMethod")]
+        public void GetMethod_Success(Type type, string name)
+        {
+            var method = TypeExtensions.GetMethod(type, name);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(method);
+            Assert.AreEqual(name, method.Name);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(TypeExtensionsTest), "PrivateMethod")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(TypeExtensionsTest), "GarbageMethod")]
+        public void GetMethod_NoSuchMethod(Type type, string name)
+        {
+            var method = TypeExtensions.GetMethod(type, name);
+            Assert.IsNull(method);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(List<string>), "IndexOf")]
+        public void GetMethod_Ambiguous(Type type, string name)
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<AmbiguousMatchException>(() => TypeExtensions.GetMethod(type, name));
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/DeprecatedMemberTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/DeprecatedMemberTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34d5b9f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/DeprecatedMemberTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+    
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class DeprecatedMemberTest
+    {
+        private static void AssertIsDeprecated(MemberInfo member)
+        {
+            Assert.NotNull(member);
+            Assert.IsTrue(member.IsDefined(typeof(ObsoleteAttribute), false), "Member not obsolete: " + member);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDepreatedPrimitiveValue()
+        {
+            AssertIsDeprecated(typeof(TestDeprecatedFields).GetProperty("DeprecatedInt32"));
+        }
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/EqualityTester.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/EqualityTester.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d4b3c1341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/EqualityTester.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Helper methods when testing equality. NUnit's Assert.AreEqual and
+    /// Assert.AreNotEqual methods try to be clever with collections, which can
+    /// be annoying...
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static class EqualityTester
+    {
+        public static void AssertEquality<T>(T first, T second) where T : IEquatable<T>
+        {
+            Assert.IsTrue(first.Equals(second));
+            Assert.IsTrue(first.Equals((object) second));
+            Assert.AreEqual(first.GetHashCode(), second.GetHashCode());
+        }
+
+        public static void AssertInequality<T>(T first, T second, bool checkHashcode = true) where T : IEquatable<T>
+        {
+            Assert.IsFalse(first.Equals(second));
+            Assert.IsFalse(first.Equals((object) second));
+            // While this isn't a requirement, the chances of this test failing due to
+            // coincidence rather than a bug are very small.
+            // For such rare cases, an argument can be used to disable the check.
+            if (checkHashcode && first != null && second != null)
+            {
+                Assert.AreNotEqual(first.GetHashCode(), second.GetHashCode());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/ExtensionSetTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/ExtensionSetTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33dc50430
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/ExtensionSetTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+using static Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestExtensions;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class ExtensionSetTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void EmptyExtensionSet()
+        {
+            ExtensionSet<TestAllExtensions> extensions = new ExtensionSet<TestAllExtensions>();
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, extensions.CalculateSize());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MergeExtensionSet()
+        {
+            ExtensionSet<TestAllExtensions> extensions = null;
+            ExtensionSet.Set(ref extensions, OptionalBoolExtension, true);
+
+            ExtensionSet<TestAllExtensions> other = null;
+
+            Assert.IsFalse(ExtensionSet.Has(ref other, OptionalBoolExtension));
+            ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref other, extensions);
+            Assert.IsTrue(ExtensionSet.Has(ref other, OptionalBoolExtension));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMergeCodedInput()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllExtensions();
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalBoolExtension, true);
+            var serialized = message.ToByteArray();
+
+            var other = TestAllExtensions.Parser
+                .WithExtensionRegistry(new ExtensionRegistry() { OptionalBoolExtension })
+                .ParseFrom(serialized);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, other);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.CalculateSize(), other.CalculateSize());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestMergeMessage()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllExtensions();
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalBoolExtension, true);
+
+            var other = new TestAllExtensions();
+
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(message, other);
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(message.CalculateSize(), other.CalculateSize());
+
+            other.MergeFrom(message);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, other);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.CalculateSize(), other.CalculateSize());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestEquals()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllExtensions();
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalBoolExtension, true);
+
+            var other = new TestAllExtensions();
+
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(message, other);
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(message.CalculateSize(), other.CalculateSize());
+
+            other.SetExtension(OptionalBoolExtension, true);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, other);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.CalculateSize(), other.CalculateSize());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestHashCode()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllExtensions();
+            var hashCode = message.GetHashCode();
+
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalBoolExtension, true);
+
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(hashCode, message.GetHashCode());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestClone()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllExtensions();
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalBoolExtension, true);
+
+            var other = message.Clone();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, other);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.CalculateSize(), message.CalculateSize());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/FieldCodecTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/FieldCodecTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b20ecccde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/FieldCodecTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class FieldCodecTest
+    {
+#pragma warning disable 0414 // Used by tests via reflection - do not remove!
+        private static readonly List<ICodecTestData> Codecs = new List<ICodecTestData>
+        {
+            new FieldCodecTestData<bool>(FieldCodec.ForBool(100), true, "FixedBool"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<string>(FieldCodec.ForString(100), "sample", "String"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<ByteString>(FieldCodec.ForBytes(100), ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3), "Bytes"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<int>(FieldCodec.ForInt32(100), -1000, "Int32"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<int>(FieldCodec.ForSInt32(100), -1000, "SInt32"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<int>(FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(100), -1000, "SFixed32"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<uint>(FieldCodec.ForUInt32(100), 1234, "UInt32"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<uint>(FieldCodec.ForFixed32(100), 1234, "Fixed32"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<long>(FieldCodec.ForInt64(100), -1000, "Int64"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<long>(FieldCodec.ForSInt64(100), -1000, "SInt64"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<long>(FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(100), -1000, "SFixed64"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<ulong>(FieldCodec.ForUInt64(100), 1234, "UInt64"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<ulong>(FieldCodec.ForFixed64(100), 1234, "Fixed64"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<float>(FieldCodec.ForFloat(100), 1234.5f, "FixedFloat"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<double>(FieldCodec.ForDouble(100), 1234567890.5d, "FixedDouble"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<ForeignEnum>(
+                FieldCodec.ForEnum(100, t => (int) t, t => (ForeignEnum) t), ForeignEnum.ForeignBaz, "Enum"),
+            new FieldCodecTestData<ForeignMessage>(
+                FieldCodec.ForMessage(100, ForeignMessage.Parser), new ForeignMessage { C = 10 }, "Message"),
+        };
+#pragma warning restore 0414
+
+        [Test, TestCaseSource("Codecs")]
+        public void RoundTripWithTag(ICodecTestData codec)
+        {
+            codec.TestRoundTripWithTag();
+        }
+
+        [Test, TestCaseSource("Codecs")]
+        public void RoundTripRaw(ICodecTestData codec)
+        {
+            codec.TestRoundTripRaw();
+        }
+
+        [Test, TestCaseSource("Codecs")]
+        public void CalculateSize(ICodecTestData codec)
+        {
+            codec.TestCalculateSizeWithTag();
+        }
+
+        [Test, TestCaseSource("Codecs")]
+        public void DefaultValue(ICodecTestData codec)
+        {
+            codec.TestDefaultValue();
+        }
+
+        [Test, TestCaseSource("Codecs")]
+        public void FixedSize(ICodecTestData codec)
+        {
+            codec.TestFixedSize();
+        }
+
+        // This is ugly, but it means we can have a non-generic interface.
+        // It feels like NUnit should support this better, but I don't know
+        // of any better ways right now.
+        public interface ICodecTestData
+        {
+            void TestRoundTripRaw();
+            void TestRoundTripWithTag();
+            void TestCalculateSizeWithTag();
+            void TestDefaultValue();
+            void TestFixedSize();
+        }
+
+        public class FieldCodecTestData<T> : ICodecTestData
+        {
+            private readonly FieldCodec<T> codec;
+            private readonly T sampleValue;
+            private readonly string name;
+
+            public FieldCodecTestData(FieldCodec<T> codec, T sampleValue, string name)
+            {
+                this.codec = codec;
+                this.sampleValue = sampleValue;
+                this.name = name;
+            }
+
+            public void TestRoundTripRaw()
+            {
+                var stream = new MemoryStream();
+                var codedOutput = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+                codec.ValueWriter(codedOutput, sampleValue);
+                codedOutput.Flush();
+                stream.Position = 0;
+                var codedInput = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+                Assert.AreEqual(sampleValue, codec.ValueReader(codedInput));
+                Assert.IsTrue(codedInput.IsAtEnd);
+            }
+
+            public void TestRoundTripWithTag()
+            {
+                var stream = new MemoryStream();
+                var codedOutput = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+                codec.WriteTagAndValue(codedOutput, sampleValue);
+                codedOutput.Flush();
+                stream.Position = 0;
+                var codedInput = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+                codedInput.AssertNextTag(codec.Tag);
+                Assert.AreEqual(sampleValue, codec.Read(codedInput));
+                Assert.IsTrue(codedInput.IsAtEnd);
+            }
+
+            public void TestCalculateSizeWithTag()
+            {
+                var stream = new MemoryStream();
+                var codedOutput = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+                codec.WriteTagAndValue(codedOutput, sampleValue);
+                codedOutput.Flush();
+                Assert.AreEqual(stream.Position, codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(sampleValue));
+            }
+
+            public void TestDefaultValue()
+            {
+                // WriteTagAndValue ignores default values
+                var stream = new MemoryStream();
+                CodedOutputStream codedOutput;
+#if !NET35
+                codedOutput = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+                codec.WriteTagAndValue(codedOutput, codec.DefaultValue);
+                codedOutput.Flush();
+                Assert.AreEqual(0, stream.Position);
+                Assert.AreEqual(0, codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(codec.DefaultValue));
+                if (typeof(T).GetTypeInfo().IsValueType)
+                {
+                    Assert.AreEqual(default(T), codec.DefaultValue);
+                }
+#endif
+
+                // The plain ValueWriter/ValueReader delegates don't.
+                if (codec.DefaultValue != null) // This part isn't appropriate for message types.
+                {
+                    codedOutput = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+                    codec.ValueWriter(codedOutput, codec.DefaultValue);
+                    codedOutput.Flush();
+                    Assert.AreNotEqual(0, stream.Position);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(stream.Position, codec.ValueSizeCalculator(codec.DefaultValue));
+                    stream.Position = 0;
+                    var codedInput = new CodedInputStream(stream);
+                    Assert.AreEqual(codec.DefaultValue, codec.ValueReader(codedInput));
+                }
+            }
+
+            public void TestFixedSize()
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(name.Contains("Fixed"), codec.FixedSize != 0);
+            }
+
+            public override string ToString()
+            {
+                return name;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/FieldMaskTreeTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/FieldMaskTreeTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f71744a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/FieldMaskTreeTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class FieldMaskTreeTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void AddFieldPath()
+        {
+            FieldMaskTree tree = new FieldMaskTree();
+            RepeatedField<string> paths = tree.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, paths.Count);
+
+            tree.AddFieldPath("");
+            paths = tree.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains("", paths);
+
+            // New branch.
+            tree.AddFieldPath("foo");
+            paths = tree.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains("foo", paths);
+
+            // Redundant path.
+            tree.AddFieldPath("foo");
+            paths = tree.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, paths.Count);
+
+            // New branch.
+            tree.AddFieldPath("bar.baz");
+            paths = tree.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains("bar.baz", paths);
+
+            // Redundant sub-path.
+            tree.AddFieldPath("foo.bar");
+            paths = tree.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, paths.Count);
+
+            // New branch from a non-root node.
+            tree.AddFieldPath("bar.quz");
+            paths = tree.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains("bar.quz", paths);
+
+            // A path that matches several existing sub-paths.
+            tree.AddFieldPath("bar");
+            paths = tree.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains("foo", paths);
+            Assert.Contains("bar", paths);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MergeFromFieldMask()
+        {
+            FieldMaskTree tree = new FieldMaskTree();
+            tree.MergeFromFieldMask(new FieldMask
+            {
+                Paths = {"foo", "bar.baz", "bar.quz"}
+            });
+            RepeatedField<string> paths = tree.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains("foo", paths);
+            Assert.Contains("bar.baz", paths);
+            Assert.Contains("bar.quz", paths);
+
+            tree.MergeFromFieldMask(new FieldMask
+            {
+                Paths = {"foo.bar", "bar"}
+            });
+            paths = tree.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains("foo", paths);
+            Assert.Contains("bar", paths);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IntersectFieldPath()
+        {
+            FieldMaskTree tree = new FieldMaskTree();
+            FieldMaskTree result = new FieldMaskTree();
+            tree.MergeFromFieldMask(new FieldMask
+            {
+                Paths = {"foo", "bar.baz", "bar.quz"}
+            });
+
+            // Empty path.
+            tree.IntersectFieldPath("", result);
+            RepeatedField<string> paths = result.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, paths.Count);
+
+            // Non-exist path.
+            tree.IntersectFieldPath("quz", result);
+            paths = result.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, paths.Count);
+
+            // Sub-path of an existing leaf.
+            tree.IntersectFieldPath("foo.bar", result);
+            paths = result.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains("foo.bar", paths);
+
+            // Match an existing leaf node.
+            tree.IntersectFieldPath("foo", result);
+            paths = result.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains("foo", paths);
+
+            // Non-exist path.
+            tree.IntersectFieldPath("bar.foo", result);
+            paths = result.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains("foo", paths);
+
+            // Match a non-leaf node.
+            tree.IntersectFieldPath("bar", result);
+            paths = result.ToFieldMask().Paths;
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains("foo", paths);
+            Assert.Contains("bar.baz", paths);
+            Assert.Contains("bar.quz", paths);
+        }
+
+        private void Merge(FieldMaskTree tree, IMessage source, IMessage destination, FieldMask.MergeOptions options, bool useDynamicMessage)
+        {
+            if (useDynamicMessage)
+            {
+                var newSource = source.Descriptor.Parser.CreateTemplate();
+                newSource.MergeFrom(source.ToByteString());
+
+                var newDestination = source.Descriptor.Parser.CreateTemplate();
+                newDestination.MergeFrom(destination.ToByteString());
+
+                tree.Merge(newSource, newDestination, options);
+
+                // Clear before merging:
+                foreach (var fieldDescriptor in destination.Descriptor.Fields.InFieldNumberOrder())
+                {
+                    fieldDescriptor.Accessor.Clear(destination);
+                }
+                destination.MergeFrom(newDestination.ToByteString());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                tree.Merge(source, destination, options);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(true)]
+        [TestCase(false)]
+        public void Merge(bool useDynamicMessage)
+        {
+            TestAllTypes value = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                SingleInt32 = 1234,
+                SingleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage {Bb = 5678},
+                RepeatedInt32 = {4321},
+                RepeatedNestedMessage = {new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage {Bb = 8765}}
+            };
+
+            NestedTestAllTypes source = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Payload = value,
+                Child = new NestedTestAllTypes {Payload = value}
+            };
+            // Now we have a message source with the following structure:
+            //   [root] -+- payload -+- single_int32
+            //           |           +- single_nested_message
+            //           |           +- repeated_int32
+            //           |           +- repeated_nested_message
+            //           |
+            //           +- child --- payload -+- single_int32
+            //                                 +- single_nested_message
+            //                                 +- repeated_int32
+            //                                 +- repeated_nested_message
+
+            FieldMask.MergeOptions options = new FieldMask.MergeOptions();
+
+            // Test merging each individual field.
+            NestedTestAllTypes destination = new NestedTestAllTypes();
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("payload.single_int32"),
+                source, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            NestedTestAllTypes expected = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Payload = new TestAllTypes
+                {
+                    SingleInt32 = 1234
+                }
+            };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, destination);
+
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes();
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("payload.single_nested_message"),
+                source, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            expected = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Payload = new TestAllTypes
+                {
+                    SingleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage {Bb = 5678}
+                }
+            };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, destination);
+
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes();
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("payload.repeated_int32"),
+                source, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            expected = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Payload = new TestAllTypes
+                {
+                    RepeatedInt32 = {4321}
+                }
+            };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, destination);
+
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes();
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("payload.repeated_nested_message"),
+                source, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            expected = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Payload = new TestAllTypes
+                {
+                    RepeatedNestedMessage = {new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage {Bb = 8765}}
+                }
+            };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, destination);
+
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes();
+            Merge(
+                new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("child.payload.single_int32"),
+                source,
+                destination,
+                options,
+                useDynamicMessage);
+            expected = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Child = new NestedTestAllTypes
+                {
+                    Payload = new TestAllTypes
+                    {
+                        SingleInt32 = 1234
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, destination);
+
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes();
+            Merge(
+                new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("child.payload.single_nested_message"),
+                source,
+                destination,
+                options,
+                useDynamicMessage);
+            expected = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Child = new NestedTestAllTypes
+                {
+                    Payload = new TestAllTypes
+                    {
+                        SingleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage {Bb = 5678}
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, destination);
+
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes();
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("child.payload.repeated_int32"),
+                source, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            expected = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Child = new NestedTestAllTypes
+                {
+                    Payload = new TestAllTypes
+                    {
+                        RepeatedInt32 = {4321}
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, destination);
+
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes();
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("child.payload.repeated_nested_message"),
+                source, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            expected = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Child = new NestedTestAllTypes
+                {
+                    Payload = new TestAllTypes
+                    {
+                        RepeatedNestedMessage = {new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage {Bb = 8765}}
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, destination);
+
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes();
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("child").AddFieldPath("payload"),
+                source, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(source, destination);
+
+            // Test repeated options.
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Payload = new TestAllTypes
+                {
+                    RepeatedInt32 = { 1000 }
+                }
+            };
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("payload.repeated_int32"),
+                    source, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            // Default behavior is to append repeated fields.
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, destination.Payload.RepeatedInt32.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1000, destination.Payload.RepeatedInt32[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4321, destination.Payload.RepeatedInt32[1]);
+            // Change to replace repeated fields.
+            options.ReplaceRepeatedFields = true;
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("payload.repeated_int32"),
+                source, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, destination.Payload.RepeatedInt32.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4321, destination.Payload.RepeatedInt32[0]);
+
+            // Test message options.
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Payload = new TestAllTypes
+                {
+                    SingleInt32 = 1000,
+                    SingleUint32 = 2000
+                }
+            };
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("payload"),
+                    source, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            // Default behavior is to merge message fields.
+            Assert.AreEqual(1234, destination.Payload.SingleInt32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2000, destination.Payload.SingleUint32);
+
+            // Test merging unset message fields.
+            NestedTestAllTypes clearedSource = source.Clone();
+            clearedSource.Payload = null;
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes();
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("payload"),
+                clearedSource, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            Assert.IsNull(destination.Payload);
+
+            // Skip a message field if they are unset in both source and target.
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes();
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("payload.single_int32"),
+                clearedSource, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            Assert.IsNull(destination.Payload);
+
+            // Change to replace message fields.
+            options.ReplaceMessageFields = true;
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Payload = new TestAllTypes
+                {
+                    SingleInt32 = 1000,
+                    SingleUint32 = 2000
+                }
+            };
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("payload"),
+                    source, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1234, destination.Payload.SingleInt32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, destination.Payload.SingleUint32);
+
+            // Test merging unset message fields.
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Payload = new TestAllTypes
+                {
+                    SingleInt32 = 1000,
+                    SingleUint32 = 2000
+                }
+            };
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("payload"),
+                    clearedSource, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            Assert.IsNull(destination.Payload);
+
+            // Test merging unset primitive fields.
+            destination = source.Clone();
+            destination.Payload.SingleInt32 = 0;
+            NestedTestAllTypes sourceWithPayloadInt32Unset = destination;
+            destination = source.Clone();
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("payload.single_int32"),
+                sourceWithPayloadInt32Unset, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, destination.Payload.SingleInt32);
+
+            // Change to clear unset primitive fields.
+            options.ReplacePrimitiveFields = true;
+            destination = source.Clone();
+            Merge(new FieldMaskTree().AddFieldPath("payload.single_int32"),
+                sourceWithPayloadInt32Unset, destination, options, useDynamicMessage);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(destination.Payload);
+        }
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/GeneratedMessageTest.Proto2.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/GeneratedMessageTest.Proto2.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1d4d7809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/GeneratedMessageTest.Proto2.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2;
+using Proto2 = Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+using static Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestExtensions;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tests around the generated TestAllTypes message in unittest.proto
+    /// </summary>
+    public partial class GeneratedMessageTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void DefaultProto2Values()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, message.OptionalBool);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.OptionalBytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0.0, message.OptionalDouble);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OptionalFixed32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.OptionalFixed64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0.0f, message.OptionalFloat);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo, message.OptionalForeignEnum);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OptionalForeignMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ImportEnum.ImportFoo, message.OptionalImportEnum);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OptionalImportMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OptionalInt32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.OptionalInt64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo, message.OptionalNestedEnum);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OptionalNestedMessage);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OptionalPublicImportMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OptionalSfixed32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.OptionalSfixed64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OptionalSint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.OptionalSint64);
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.OptionalString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0U, message.OptionalUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0UL, message.OptionalUint64);
+
+            // Repeated fields
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedBool.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedBytes.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedDouble.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedFixed32.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedFixed64.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedFloat.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedForeignEnum.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedForeignMessage.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedImportEnum.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedImportMessage.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedNestedEnum.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedNestedMessage.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedSfixed32.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedSfixed64.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedSint32.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedSint64.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedString.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedUint32.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedUint64.Count);
+
+            // Oneof fields
+            Assert.AreEqual(Proto2.TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.None, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OneofNestedMessage);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, message.DefaultBool);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.CopyFromUtf8("world"), message.DefaultBytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual("123", message.DefaultCord);
+            Assert.AreEqual(52e3, message.DefaultDouble);
+            Assert.AreEqual(47, message.DefaultFixed32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(48, message.DefaultFixed64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(51.5, message.DefaultFloat);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ForeignEnum.ForeignBar, message.DefaultForeignEnum);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ImportEnum.ImportBar, message.DefaultImportEnum);
+            Assert.AreEqual(41, message.DefaultInt32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(42, message.DefaultInt64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Bar, message.DefaultNestedEnum);
+            Assert.AreEqual(49, message.DefaultSfixed32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(-50, message.DefaultSfixed64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(-45, message.DefaultSint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(46, message.DefaultSint64);
+            Assert.AreEqual("hello", message.DefaultString);
+            Assert.AreEqual("abc", message.DefaultStringPiece);
+            Assert.AreEqual(43, message.DefaultUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(44, message.DefaultUint64);
+
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultBool);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultBytes);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultCord);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultDouble);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultFixed32);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultFixed64);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultFloat);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultForeignEnum);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultImportEnum);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultInt32);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultInt64);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultNestedEnum);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultSfixed32);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultSfixed64);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultSint32);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultSint64);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultString);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultStringPiece);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultUint32);
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultUint64);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DefaultExtensionValues()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllExtensions();
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, message.GetExtension(OptionalBoolExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.GetExtension(OptionalBytesExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0.0, message.GetExtension(OptionalDoubleExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.GetExtension(OptionalFixed32Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.GetExtension(OptionalFixed64Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0.0f, message.GetExtension(OptionalFloatExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo, message.GetExtension(OptionalForeignEnumExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(OptionalForeignMessageExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(ImportEnum.ImportFoo, message.GetExtension(OptionalImportEnumExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(OptionalImportMessageExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.GetExtension(OptionalInt32Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.GetExtension(OptionalInt64Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo, message.GetExtension(OptionalNestedEnumExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(OptionalNestedMessageExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(OptionalPublicImportMessageExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.GetExtension(OptionalSfixed32Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.GetExtension(OptionalSfixed64Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.GetExtension(OptionalSint32Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.GetExtension(OptionalSint64Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.GetExtension(OptionalStringExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0U, message.GetExtension(OptionalUint32Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0UL, message.GetExtension(OptionalUint64Extension));
+
+            // Repeated fields
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedBoolExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedBytesExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedDoubleExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedFixed32Extension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedFixed64Extension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedFloatExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedForeignEnumExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedForeignMessageExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedImportEnumExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedImportMessageExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedNestedEnumExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedNestedMessageExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedSfixed32Extension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedSfixed64Extension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedSint32Extension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedSint64Extension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedStringExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedUint32Extension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedUint64Extension));
+
+            // Oneof fields
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.GetExtension(OneofUint32Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.GetExtension(OneofStringExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.GetExtension(OneofBytesExtension));
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(OneofNestedMessageExtension));
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, message.GetExtension(DefaultBoolExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.CopyFromUtf8("world"), message.GetExtension(DefaultBytesExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual("123", message.GetExtension(DefaultCordExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(52e3, message.GetExtension(DefaultDoubleExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(47, message.GetExtension(DefaultFixed32Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(48, message.GetExtension(DefaultFixed64Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(51.5, message.GetExtension(DefaultFloatExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(ForeignEnum.ForeignBar, message.GetExtension(DefaultForeignEnumExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(ImportEnum.ImportBar, message.GetExtension(DefaultImportEnumExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(41, message.GetExtension(DefaultInt32Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(42, message.GetExtension(DefaultInt64Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Bar, message.GetExtension(DefaultNestedEnumExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(49, message.GetExtension(DefaultSfixed32Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-50, message.GetExtension(DefaultSfixed64Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(-45, message.GetExtension(DefaultSint32Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(46, message.GetExtension(DefaultSint64Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual("hello", message.GetExtension(DefaultStringExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual("abc", message.GetExtension(DefaultStringPieceExtension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(43, message.GetExtension(DefaultUint32Extension));
+            Assert.AreEqual(44, message.GetExtension(DefaultUint64Extension));
+
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultBoolExtension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultBytesExtension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultCordExtension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultDoubleExtension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultFixed32Extension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultFixed64Extension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultFloatExtension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultForeignEnumExtension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultImportEnumExtension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultInt32Extension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultInt64Extension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultNestedEnumExtension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultSfixed32Extension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultSfixed64Extension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultSint32Extension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultSint64Extension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultStringExtension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultStringPieceExtension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultUint32Extension));
+            Assert.False(message.HasExtension(DefaultUint64Extension));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldPresence()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+
+            Assert.False(message.HasOptionalBool);
+            Assert.False(message.OptionalBool);
+
+            message.OptionalBool = true;
+
+            Assert.True(message.HasOptionalBool);
+            Assert.True(message.OptionalBool);
+
+            message.OptionalBool = false;
+
+            Assert.True(message.HasOptionalBool);
+            Assert.False(message.OptionalBool);
+
+            message.ClearOptionalBool();
+
+            Assert.False(message.HasOptionalBool);
+            Assert.False(message.OptionalBool);
+
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultBool);
+            Assert.True(message.DefaultBool);
+
+            message.DefaultBool = false;
+
+            Assert.True(message.HasDefaultBool);
+            Assert.False(message.DefaultBool);
+
+            message.DefaultBool = true;
+
+            Assert.True(message.HasDefaultBool);
+            Assert.True(message.DefaultBool);
+
+            message.ClearDefaultBool();
+
+            Assert.False(message.HasDefaultBool);
+            Assert.True(message.DefaultBool);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RequiredFields()
+        {
+            var message = new TestRequired();
+            Assert.False(message.IsInitialized());
+
+            message.A = 1;
+            message.B = 2;
+            message.C = 3;
+
+            Assert.True(message.IsInitialized());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RequiredFieldsInExtensions()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllExtensions();
+            Assert.True(message.IsInitialized());
+
+            message.SetExtension(TestRequired.Extensions.Single, new TestRequired());
+
+            Assert.False(message.IsInitialized());
+
+            var extensionMessage = message.GetExtension(TestRequired.Extensions.Single);
+            extensionMessage.A = 1;
+            extensionMessage.B = 2;
+            extensionMessage.C = 3;
+
+            Assert.True(message.IsInitialized());
+
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(TestRequired.Extensions.Multi);
+
+            Assert.True(message.IsInitialized());
+
+            message.GetExtension(TestRequired.Extensions.Multi).Add(new TestRequired());
+
+            Assert.False(message.IsInitialized());
+
+            extensionMessage = message.GetExtension(TestRequired.Extensions.Multi)[0];
+            extensionMessage.A = 1;
+            extensionMessage.B = 2;
+            extensionMessage.C = 3;
+
+            Assert.True(message.IsInitialized());
+
+            message.SetExtension(UnittestExtensions.OptionalBoolExtension, true);
+
+            Assert.True(message.IsInitialized());
+
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(UnittestExtensions.RepeatedBoolExtension).Add(true);
+
+            Assert.True(message.IsInitialized());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RequiredFieldInNestedMessageMapValue()
+        {
+            var message = new TestRequiredMap();
+            message.Foo.Add(0, new TestRequiredMap.Types.NestedMessage());
+
+            Assert.False(message.IsInitialized());
+
+            message.Foo[0].RequiredInt32 = 12;
+
+            Assert.True(message.IsInitialized());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTrip_Groups()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                OptionalGroup = new TestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup
+                {
+                    A = 10
+                },
+                RepeatedGroup =
+                {
+                    new TestAllTypes.Types.RepeatedGroup { A = 10 },
+                    new TestAllTypes.Types.RepeatedGroup { A = 20 },
+                    new TestAllTypes.Types.RepeatedGroup { A = 30 }
+                }
+            };
+
+            byte[] bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            TestAllTypes parsed = Proto2.TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTrip_ExtensionGroups()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllExtensions();
+            message.SetExtension(UnittestExtensions.OptionalGroupExtension, new OptionalGroup_extension { A = 10 });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(UnittestExtensions.RepeatedGroupExtension).AddRange(new[]
+            {
+                new RepeatedGroup_extension { A = 10 },
+                new RepeatedGroup_extension { A = 20 },
+                new RepeatedGroup_extension { A = 30 }
+            });
+
+            byte[] bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            TestAllExtensions extendable_parsed = TestAllExtensions.Parser.WithExtensionRegistry(new ExtensionRegistry() { UnittestExtensions.OptionalGroupExtension, UnittestExtensions.RepeatedGroupExtension }).ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, extendable_parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTrip_NestedExtensionGroup()
+        {
+            var message = new TestGroupExtension();
+            message.SetExtension(TestNestedExtension.Extensions.OptionalGroupExtension, new TestNestedExtension.Types.OptionalGroup_extension { A = 10 });
+
+            byte[] bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            TestGroupExtension extendable_parsed = TestGroupExtension.Parser.WithExtensionRegistry(new ExtensionRegistry() { TestNestedExtension.Extensions.OptionalGroupExtension }).ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, extendable_parsed);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/GeneratedMessageTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/GeneratedMessageTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..103df7dd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/GeneratedMessageTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,737 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using Proto2 = Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tests around the generated TestAllTypes message.
+    /// </summary>
+    public partial class GeneratedMessageTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void EmptyMessageFieldDistinctFromMissingMessageField()
+        {
+            // This demonstrates what we're really interested in...
+            var message1 = new TestAllTypes { SingleForeignMessage = new ForeignMessage() };
+            var message2 = new TestAllTypes(); // SingleForeignMessage is null
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(message1, message2);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DefaultValues()
+        {
+            // Single fields
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, message.SingleBool);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.SingleBytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0.0, message.SingleDouble);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.SingleFixed32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.SingleFixed64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0.0f, message.SingleFloat);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ForeignEnum.ForeignUnspecified, message.SingleForeignEnum);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.SingleForeignMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ImportEnum.Unspecified, message.SingleImportEnum);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.SingleImportMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.SingleInt32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.SingleInt64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Unspecified, message.SingleNestedEnum);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.SingleNestedMessage);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.SinglePublicImportMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.SingleSfixed32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.SingleSfixed64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.SingleSint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, message.SingleSint64);
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.SingleString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0U, message.SingleUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0UL, message.SingleUint64);
+
+            // Repeated fields
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedBool.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedBytes.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedDouble.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedFixed32.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedFixed64.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedFloat.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedForeignEnum.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedForeignMessage.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedImportEnum.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedImportMessage.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedNestedEnum.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedNestedMessage.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedPublicImportMessage.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedSfixed32.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedSfixed64.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedSint32.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedSint64.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedString.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedUint32.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.RepeatedUint64.Count);
+
+            // Oneof fields
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.None, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OneofNestedMessage);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NullStringAndBytesRejected()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.SingleString = null);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.OneofString = null);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.SingleBytes = null);
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.OneofBytes = null);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTrip_Empty()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            // Without setting any values, there's nothing to write.
+            byte[] bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, bytes.Length);
+            TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTrip_SingleValues()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                SingleBool = true,
+                SingleBytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4),
+                SingleDouble = 23.5,
+                SingleFixed32 = 23,
+                SingleFixed64 = 1234567890123,
+                SingleFloat = 12.25f,
+                SingleForeignEnum = ForeignEnum.ForeignBar,
+                SingleForeignMessage = new ForeignMessage { C = 10 },
+                SingleImportEnum = ImportEnum.ImportBaz,
+                SingleImportMessage = new ImportMessage { D = 20 },
+                SingleInt32 = 100,
+                SingleInt64 = 3210987654321,
+                SingleNestedEnum = TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo,
+                SingleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 35 },
+                SinglePublicImportMessage = new PublicImportMessage { E = 54 },
+                SingleSfixed32 = -123,
+                SingleSfixed64 = -12345678901234,
+                SingleSint32 = -456,
+                SingleSint64 = -12345678901235,
+                SingleString = "test",
+                SingleUint32 = uint.MaxValue,
+                SingleUint64 = ulong.MaxValue
+            };
+
+            byte[] bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTrip_RepeatedValues()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                RepeatedBool = { true, false },
+                RepeatedBytes = { ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4), ByteString.CopyFrom(5, 6) },
+                RepeatedDouble = { -12.25, 23.5 },
+                RepeatedFixed32 = { uint.MaxValue, 23 },
+                RepeatedFixed64 = { ulong.MaxValue, 1234567890123 },
+                RepeatedFloat = { 100f, 12.25f },
+                RepeatedForeignEnum = { ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo, ForeignEnum.ForeignBar },
+                RepeatedForeignMessage = { new ForeignMessage(), new ForeignMessage { C = 10 } },
+                RepeatedImportEnum = { ImportEnum.ImportBaz, ImportEnum.Unspecified },
+                RepeatedImportMessage = { new ImportMessage { D = 20 }, new ImportMessage { D = 25 } },
+                RepeatedInt32 = { 100, 200 },
+                RepeatedInt64 = { 3210987654321, long.MaxValue },
+                RepeatedNestedEnum = { TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo, TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Neg },
+                RepeatedNestedMessage = { new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 35 }, new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 10 } },
+                RepeatedPublicImportMessage = { new PublicImportMessage { E = 54 }, new PublicImportMessage { E = -1 } },
+                RepeatedSfixed32 = { -123, 123 },
+                RepeatedSfixed64 = { -12345678901234, 12345678901234 },
+                RepeatedSint32 = { -456, 100 },
+                RepeatedSint64 = { -12345678901235, 123 },
+                RepeatedString = { "foo", "bar" },
+                RepeatedUint32 = { uint.MaxValue, uint.MinValue },
+                RepeatedUint64 = { ulong.MaxValue, uint.MinValue }
+            };
+
+            byte[] bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+        }
+
+        // Note that not every map within map_unittest_proto3 is used. They all go through very
+        // similar code paths. The fact that all maps are present is validation that we have codecs
+        // for every type.
+        [Test]
+        public void RoundTrip_Maps()
+        {
+            var message = new TestMap
+            {
+                MapBoolBool = {
+                    { false, true },
+                    { true, false }
+                },
+                MapInt32Bytes = {
+                    { 5, ByteString.CopyFrom(6, 7, 8) },
+                    { 25, ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) },
+                    { 10, ByteString.Empty }
+                },
+                MapInt32ForeignMessage = {
+                    { 0, new ForeignMessage { C = 10 } },
+                    { 5, new ForeignMessage() },
+                },
+                MapInt32Enum = {
+                    { 1, MapEnum.Bar },
+                    { 2000, MapEnum.Foo }
+                }
+            };
+
+            byte[] bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            TestMap parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapWithEmptyEntry()
+        {
+            var message = new TestMap
+            {
+                MapInt32Bytes = { { 0, ByteString.Empty } }
+            };
+
+            byte[] bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, bytes.Length); // Tag for field entry (1 byte), length of entry (0; 1 byte)
+
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, parsed.MapInt32Bytes.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, parsed.MapInt32Bytes[0]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapWithOnlyValue()
+        {
+            // Hand-craft the stream to contain a single entry with just a value.
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream);
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32ForeignMessageFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var nestedMessage = new ForeignMessage { C = 20 };
+            // Size of the entry (tag, size written by WriteMessage, data written by WriteMessage)
+            output.WriteLength(2 + nestedMessage.CalculateSize());
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteMessage(nestedMessage);
+            output.Flush();
+
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(memoryStream.ToArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(nestedMessage, parsed.MapInt32ForeignMessage[0]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapWithOnlyKey_PrimitiveValue()
+        {
+            // Hand-craft the stream to contain a single entry with just a key.
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream);
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32DoubleFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            int key = 10;
+            output.WriteLength(1 + CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(key));
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key);
+            output.Flush();
+
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(memoryStream.ToArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(0.0, parsed.MapInt32Double[key]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapWithOnlyKey_MessageValue()
+        {
+            // Hand-craft the stream to contain a single entry with just a key.
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream);
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32ForeignMessageFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            int key = 10;
+            output.WriteLength(1 + CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(key));
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key);
+            output.Flush();
+
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(memoryStream.ToArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(new ForeignMessage(), parsed.MapInt32ForeignMessage[key]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapIgnoresExtraFieldsWithinEntryMessages()
+        {
+            // Hand-craft the stream to contain a single entry with three fields
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream);
+
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32Int32FieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+
+            var key = 10; // Field 1 
+            var value = 20; // Field 2
+            var extra = 30; // Field 3
+
+            // Each field can be represented in a single byte, with a single byte tag.
+            // Total message size: 6 bytes.
+            output.WriteLength(6);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(value);
+            output.WriteTag(3, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(extra);
+            output.Flush();
+
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(memoryStream.ToArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, parsed.MapInt32Int32[key]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapFieldOrderIsIrrelevant()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream);
+
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32Int32FieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+
+            var key = 10;
+            var value = 20;
+
+            // Each field can be represented in a single byte, with a single byte tag.
+            // Total message size: 4 bytes.
+            output.WriteLength(4);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(value);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key);
+            output.Flush();
+
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(memoryStream.ToArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, parsed.MapInt32Int32[key]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapNonContiguousEntries()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream);
+
+            // Message structure:
+            // Entry for MapInt32Int32
+            // Entry for MapStringString
+            // Entry for MapInt32Int32
+
+            // First entry
+            var key1 = 10;
+            var value1 = 20;
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32Int32FieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteLength(4);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key1);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(value1);
+
+            // Second entry
+            var key2 = "a";
+            var value2 = "b";
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapStringStringFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteLength(6); // 3 bytes per entry: tag, size, character
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteString(key2);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteString(value2);
+
+            // Third entry
+            var key3 = 15;
+            var value3 = 25;
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32Int32FieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteLength(4);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key3);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(value3);
+
+            output.Flush();
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(memoryStream.ToArray());
+            var expected = new TestMap
+            {
+                MapInt32Int32 = { { key1, value1 }, { key3, value3 } },
+                MapStringString = { { key2, value2 } }
+            };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DuplicateKeys_LastEntryWins()
+        {
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(memoryStream);
+
+            var key = 10;
+            var value1 = 20;
+            var value2 = 30;
+
+            // First entry
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32Int32FieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteLength(4);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(value1);
+
+            // Second entry - same key, different value
+            output.WriteTag(TestMap.MapInt32Int32FieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteLength(4);
+            output.WriteTag(1, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(key);
+            output.WriteTag(2, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(value2);
+            output.Flush();
+
+            var parsed = TestMap.Parser.ParseFrom(memoryStream.ToArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(value2, parsed.MapInt32Int32[key]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CloneSingleNonMessageValues()
+        {
+            var original = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                SingleBool = true,
+                SingleBytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4),
+                SingleDouble = 23.5,
+                SingleFixed32 = 23,
+                SingleFixed64 = 1234567890123,
+                SingleFloat = 12.25f,
+                SingleInt32 = 100,
+                SingleInt64 = 3210987654321,
+                SingleNestedEnum = TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo,
+                SingleSfixed32 = -123,
+                SingleSfixed64 = -12345678901234,
+                SingleSint32 = -456,
+                SingleSint64 = -12345678901235,
+                SingleString = "test",
+                SingleUint32 = uint.MaxValue,
+                SingleUint64 = ulong.MaxValue
+            };
+            var clone = original.Clone();
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original, clone);
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, clone);
+            // Just as a single example
+            clone.SingleInt32 = 150;
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(original, clone);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CloneRepeatedNonMessageValues()
+        {
+            var original = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                RepeatedBool = { true, false },
+                RepeatedBytes = { ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4), ByteString.CopyFrom(5, 6) },
+                RepeatedDouble = { -12.25, 23.5 },
+                RepeatedFixed32 = { uint.MaxValue, 23 },
+                RepeatedFixed64 = { ulong.MaxValue, 1234567890123 },
+                RepeatedFloat = { 100f, 12.25f },
+                RepeatedInt32 = { 100, 200 },
+                RepeatedInt64 = { 3210987654321, long.MaxValue },
+                RepeatedNestedEnum = { TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo, TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Neg },
+                RepeatedSfixed32 = { -123, 123 },
+                RepeatedSfixed64 = { -12345678901234, 12345678901234 },
+                RepeatedSint32 = { -456, 100 },
+                RepeatedSint64 = { -12345678901235, 123 },
+                RepeatedString = { "foo", "bar" },
+                RepeatedUint32 = { uint.MaxValue, uint.MinValue },
+                RepeatedUint64 = { ulong.MaxValue, uint.MinValue }
+            };
+
+            var clone = original.Clone();
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original, clone);
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, clone);
+            // Just as a single example
+            clone.RepeatedDouble.Add(25.5);
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(original, clone);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CloneSingleMessageField()
+        {
+            var original = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                SingleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 20 }
+            };
+
+            var clone = original.Clone();
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original, clone);
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original.SingleNestedMessage, clone.SingleNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, clone);
+
+            clone.SingleNestedMessage.Bb = 30;
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(original, clone);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CloneRepeatedMessageField()
+        {
+            var original = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                RepeatedNestedMessage = { new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 20 } }
+            };
+
+            var clone = original.Clone();
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original, clone);
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original.RepeatedNestedMessage, clone.RepeatedNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original.RepeatedNestedMessage[0], clone.RepeatedNestedMessage[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, clone);
+
+            clone.RepeatedNestedMessage[0].Bb = 30;
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(original, clone);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CloneOneofField()
+        {
+            var original = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                OneofNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 20 }
+            };
+
+            var clone = original.Clone();
+            Assert.AreNotSame(original, clone);
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, clone);
+
+            // We should have cloned the message
+            original.OneofNestedMessage.Bb = 30;
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(original, clone);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OneofProperties()
+        {
+            // Switch the oneof case between each of the different options, and check everything behaves
+            // as expected in each case.
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OneofNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.None, message.OneofFieldCase);
+
+            message.OneofString = "sample";
+            Assert.AreEqual("sample", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OneofNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString, message.OneofFieldCase);
+
+            var bytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3);
+            message.OneofBytes = bytes;
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(bytes, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OneofNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofBytes, message.OneofFieldCase);
+
+            message.OneofUint32 = 20;
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(20, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OneofNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32, message.OneofFieldCase);
+
+            var nestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 25 };
+            message.OneofNestedMessage = nestedMessage;
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(nestedMessage, message.OneofNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofNestedMessage, message.OneofFieldCase);
+
+            message.ClearOneofField();
+            Assert.AreEqual("", message.OneofString);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, message.OneofUint32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, message.OneofBytes);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.OneofNestedMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.None, message.OneofFieldCase);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Oneof_DefaultValuesNotEqual()
+        {
+            var message1 = new TestAllTypes { OneofString = "" };
+            var message2 = new TestAllTypes { OneofUint32 = 0 };
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofString, message1.OneofFieldCase);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32, message2.OneofFieldCase);
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(message1, message2);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OneofSerialization_NonDefaultValue()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            message.OneofString = "this would take a bit of space";
+            message.OneofUint32 = 10;
+            var bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, bytes.Length); // 2 bytes for the tag + 1 for the value - no string!
+
+            var message2 = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, message2);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32, message2.OneofFieldCase);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OneofSerialization_DefaultValue()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            message.OneofString = "this would take a bit of space";
+            message.OneofUint32 = 0; // This is the default value for UInt32; normally wouldn't be serialized
+            var bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, bytes.Length); // 2 bytes for the tag + 1 for the value - it's still serialized
+
+            var message2 = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, message2);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.OneofUint32, message2.OneofFieldCase);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DiscardUnknownFields_RealDataStillRead()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            var unusedFieldNumber = 23456;
+            Assert.IsFalse(TestAllTypes.Descriptor.Fields.InDeclarationOrder().Select(x => x.FieldNumber).Contains(unusedFieldNumber));
+            output.WriteTag(unusedFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteString("ignore me");
+            message.WriteTo(output);
+            output.Flush();
+
+            stream.Position = 0;
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(stream);
+            // TODO(jieluo): Add test back when DiscardUnknownFields API is supported.
+            // Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DiscardUnknownFields_AllTypes()
+        {
+            // Simple way of ensuring we can skip all kinds of fields.
+            var data = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes().ToByteArray();
+            var empty = Empty.Parser.ParseFrom(data);
+            // TODO(jieluo): Add test back when DiscardUnknownFields API is supported.
+            // Assert.AreNotEqual(new Empty(), empty);
+        }
+
+        // This was originally seen as a conformance test failure.
+        [Test]
+        public void TruncatedMessageFieldThrows()
+        {
+            // 130, 3 is the message tag
+            // 1 is the data length - but there's no data.
+            var data = new byte[] { 130, 3, 1 };
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(data));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Demonstrates current behaviour with an extraneous end group tag - see issue 688
+        /// for details; we may want to change this.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void ExtraEndGroupThrows()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+
+            output.WriteTag(TestAllTypes.SingleFixed32FieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32);
+            output.WriteFixed32(123);
+            output.WriteTag(100, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+
+            output.Flush();
+
+            stream.Position = 0;
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(stream));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CustomDiagnosticMessage_DirectToStringCall()
+        {
+            var message = new ForeignMessage { C = 31 };
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"c\": 31, \"@cInHex\": \"1f\" }", message.ToString());
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"c\": 31 }", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CustomDiagnosticMessage_Nested()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleForeignMessage = new ForeignMessage { C = 16 } };
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"singleForeignMessage\": { \"c\": 16, \"@cInHex\": \"10\" } }", message.ToString());
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"singleForeignMessage\": { \"c\": 16 } }", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CustomDiagnosticMessage_DirectToTextWriterCall()
+        {
+            var message = new ForeignMessage { C = 31 };
+            var writer = new StringWriter();
+            JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message, writer);
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"c\": 31 }", writer.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NaNComparisons()
+        {
+            var message1 = new TestAllTypes { SingleDouble = SampleNaNs.Regular };
+            var message2 = new TestAllTypes { SingleDouble = SampleNaNs.PayloadFlipped };
+            var message3 = new TestAllTypes { SingleDouble = SampleNaNs.Regular };
+
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(message1, message2);
+            EqualityTester.AssertEquality(message1, message3);
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a7953d6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFrameworks>net451;netcoreapp2.1</TargetFrameworks>
+    <AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>../../keys/Google.Protobuf.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
+    <SignAssembly>true</SignAssembly>
+    <PublicSign Condition=" '$(OS)' != 'Windows_NT' ">true</PublicSign>
+    <IsPackable>False</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Google.Protobuf\Google.Protobuf.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos\Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos.csproj"/>
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="15.5.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.9.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="3.9.0" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <!-- Needed for the net45 build to work on Unix. See https://github.com/dotnet/designs/pull/33 -->
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NETFramework.ReferenceAssemblies" Version="1.0.0-preview.2" PrivateAssets="All" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="testprotos.pb" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/IssuesTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/IssuesTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2caf80a93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/IssuesTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using static UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.OneofMerging.Types;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tests for issues which aren't easily compartmentalized into other unit tests.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class IssuesTest
+    {
+        // Issue 45
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldCalledItem()
+        {
+            ItemField message = new ItemField { Item = 3 };
+            FieldDescriptor field = ItemField.Descriptor.FindFieldByName("item");
+            Assert.NotNull(field);
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, (int)field.Accessor.GetValue(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReservedNames()
+        {
+            var message = new ReservedNames { Types_ = 10, Descriptor_ = 20 };
+            // Underscores aren't reflected in the JSON.
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"types\": 10, \"descriptor\": 20 }", message.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void JsonNameParseTest()
+        {
+            var settings = new JsonParser.Settings(10, TypeRegistry.FromFiles(UnittestIssuesReflection.Descriptor));
+            var parser = new JsonParser(settings);
+
+            // It is safe to use either original field name or explicitly specified json_name
+            Assert.AreEqual(new TestJsonName { Name = "test", Description = "test2", Guid = "test3" },
+                parser.Parse<TestJsonName>("{ \"name\": \"test\", \"desc\": \"test2\", \"guid\": \"test3\" }"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void JsonNameFormatTest()
+        {
+            var message = new TestJsonName { Name = "test", Description = "test2", Guid = "test3" };
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"name\": \"test\", \"desc\": \"test2\", \"exid\": \"test3\" }",
+                JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OneofMerging()
+        {
+            var message1 = new OneofMerging { Nested = new Nested { X = 10 } };
+            var message2 = new OneofMerging { Nested = new Nested { Y = 20 } };
+            var expected = new OneofMerging { Nested = new Nested { X = 10, Y = 20 } };
+
+            var merged = message1.Clone();
+            merged.MergeFrom(message2);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, merged);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonFormatterTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonFormatterTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b07a84161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonFormatterTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,624 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+
+using static Google.Protobuf.JsonParserTest; // For WrapInQuotes
+using System.IO;
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tests for the JSON formatter. Note that in these tests, double quotes are replaced with apostrophes
+    /// for the sake of readability (embedding \" everywhere is painful). See the AssertJson method for details.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class JsonFormatterTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void DefaultValues_WhenOmitted()
+        {
+            var formatter = JsonFormatter.Default;
+
+            AssertJson("{ }", formatter.Format(new ForeignMessage()));
+            AssertJson("{ }", formatter.Format(new TestAllTypes()));
+            AssertJson("{ }", formatter.Format(new TestMap()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DefaultValues_WhenIncluded()
+        {
+            var formatter = new JsonFormatter(JsonFormatter.Settings.Default.WithFormatDefaultValues(true));
+            AssertJson("{ 'c': 0 }", formatter.Format(new ForeignMessage()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EnumAllowAlias()
+        {
+            var message = new TestEnumAllowAlias
+            {
+                Value = TestEnumWithDupValue.Foo2,
+            };
+            var actualText = JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message);
+            var expectedText = "{ 'value': 'FOO1' }";
+            AssertJson(expectedText, actualText);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EnumAsInt()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                SingleForeignEnum = ForeignEnum.ForeignBar,
+                RepeatedForeignEnum = { ForeignEnum.ForeignBaz, (ForeignEnum) 100, ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo }
+            };
+            var formatter = new JsonFormatter(JsonFormatter.Settings.Default.WithFormatEnumsAsIntegers(true));
+            var actualText = formatter.Format(message);
+            var expectedText = "{ " +
+                               "'singleForeignEnum': 5, " +
+                               "'repeatedForeignEnum': [ 6, 100, 4 ]" +
+                               " }";
+            AssertJson(expectedText, actualText);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AllSingleFields()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                SingleBool = true,
+                SingleBytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4),
+                SingleDouble = 23.5,
+                SingleFixed32 = 23,
+                SingleFixed64 = 1234567890123,
+                SingleFloat = 12.25f,
+                SingleForeignEnum = ForeignEnum.ForeignBar,
+                SingleForeignMessage = new ForeignMessage { C = 10 },
+                SingleImportEnum = ImportEnum.ImportBaz,
+                SingleImportMessage = new ImportMessage { D = 20 },
+                SingleInt32 = 100,
+                SingleInt64 = 3210987654321,
+                SingleNestedEnum = TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo,
+                SingleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 35 },
+                SinglePublicImportMessage = new PublicImportMessage { E = 54 },
+                SingleSfixed32 = -123,
+                SingleSfixed64 = -12345678901234,
+                SingleSint32 = -456,
+                SingleSint64 = -12345678901235,
+                SingleString = "test\twith\ttabs",
+                SingleUint32 = uint.MaxValue,
+                SingleUint64 = ulong.MaxValue,
+            };
+            var actualText = JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message);
+
+            // Fields in numeric order
+            var expectedText = "{ " +
+                "'singleInt32': 100, " +
+                "'singleInt64': '3210987654321', " +
+                "'singleUint32': 4294967295, " +
+                "'singleUint64': '18446744073709551615', " +
+                "'singleSint32': -456, " +
+                "'singleSint64': '-12345678901235', " +
+                "'singleFixed32': 23, " +
+                "'singleFixed64': '1234567890123', " +
+                "'singleSfixed32': -123, " +
+                "'singleSfixed64': '-12345678901234', " +
+                "'singleFloat': 12.25, " +
+                "'singleDouble': 23.5, " +
+                "'singleBool': true, " +
+                "'singleString': 'test\\twith\\ttabs', " +
+                "'singleBytes': 'AQIDBA==', " +
+                "'singleNestedMessage': { 'bb': 35 }, " +
+                "'singleForeignMessage': { 'c': 10 }, " +
+                "'singleImportMessage': { 'd': 20 }, " +
+                "'singleNestedEnum': 'FOO', " +
+                "'singleForeignEnum': 'FOREIGN_BAR', " +
+                "'singleImportEnum': 'IMPORT_BAZ', " +
+                "'singlePublicImportMessage': { 'e': 54 }" +
+                " }";
+            AssertJson(expectedText, actualText);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RepeatedField()
+        {
+            AssertJson("{ 'repeatedInt32': [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ] }",
+                JsonFormatter.Default.Format(new TestAllTypes { RepeatedInt32 = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } }));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapField_StringString()
+        {
+            AssertJson("{ 'mapStringString': { 'with spaces': 'bar', 'a': 'b' } }",
+                JsonFormatter.Default.Format(new TestMap { MapStringString = { { "with spaces", "bar" }, { "a", "b" } } }));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapField_Int32Int32()
+        {
+            // The keys are quoted, but the values aren't.
+            AssertJson("{ 'mapInt32Int32': { '0': 1, '2': 3 } }",
+                JsonFormatter.Default.Format(new TestMap { MapInt32Int32 = { { 0, 1 }, { 2, 3 } } }));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapField_BoolBool()
+        {
+            // The keys are quoted, but the values aren't.
+            AssertJson("{ 'mapBoolBool': { 'false': true, 'true': false } }",
+                JsonFormatter.Default.Format(new TestMap { MapBoolBool = { { false, true }, { true, false } } }));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase(1.0, "1")]
+        [TestCase(double.NaN, "'NaN'")]
+        [TestCase(double.PositiveInfinity, "'Infinity'")]
+        [TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, "'-Infinity'")]
+        public void DoubleRepresentations(double value, string expectedValueText)
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleDouble = value };
+            string actualText = JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message);
+            string expectedText = "{ 'singleDouble': " + expectedValueText + " }";
+            AssertJson(expectedText, actualText);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void UnknownEnumValueNumeric_SingleField()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleForeignEnum = (ForeignEnum) 100 };
+            AssertJson("{ 'singleForeignEnum': 100 }", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void UnknownEnumValueNumeric_RepeatedField()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { RepeatedForeignEnum = { ForeignEnum.ForeignBaz, (ForeignEnum) 100, ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo } };
+            AssertJson("{ 'repeatedForeignEnum': [ 'FOREIGN_BAZ', 100, 'FOREIGN_FOO' ] }", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void UnknownEnumValueNumeric_MapField()
+        {
+            var message = new TestMap { MapInt32Enum = { { 1, MapEnum.Foo }, { 2, (MapEnum) 100 }, { 3, MapEnum.Bar } } };
+            AssertJson("{ 'mapInt32Enum': { '1': 'MAP_ENUM_FOO', '2': 100, '3': 'MAP_ENUM_BAR' } }", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void UnknownEnumValue_RepeatedField_AllEntriesUnknown()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { RepeatedForeignEnum = { (ForeignEnum) 200, (ForeignEnum) 100 } };
+            AssertJson("{ 'repeatedForeignEnum': [ 200, 100 ] }", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("a\u17b4b", "a\\u17b4b")] // Explicit
+        [TestCase("a\u0601b", "a\\u0601b")] // Ranged
+        [TestCase("a\u0605b", "a\u0605b")] // Passthrough (note lack of double backslash...)
+        public void SimpleNonAscii(string text, string encoded)
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleString = text };
+            AssertJson("{ 'singleString': '" + encoded + "' }", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SurrogatePairEscaping()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleString = "a\uD801\uDC01b" };
+            AssertJson("{ 'singleString': 'a\\ud801\\udc01b' }", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void InvalidSurrogatePairsFail()
+        {
+            // Note: don't use TestCase for these, as the strings can't be reliably represented
+            // See http://codeblog.jonskeet.uk/2014/11/07/when-is-a-string-not-a-string/
+
+            // Lone low surrogate
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleString = "a\uDC01b" };
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+
+            // Lone high surrogate
+            message = new TestAllTypes { SingleString = "a\uD801b" };
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("foo_bar", "fooBar")]
+        [TestCase("bananaBanana", "bananaBanana")]
+        [TestCase("BANANABanana", "BANANABanana")]
+        [TestCase("simple", "simple")]
+        [TestCase("ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE", "ACTIONANDADVENTURE")]
+        [TestCase("action_and_adventure", "actionAndAdventure")]
+        [TestCase("kFoo", "kFoo")]
+        [TestCase("HTTPServer", "HTTPServer")]
+        [TestCase("CLIENT", "CLIENT")]
+        public void ToJsonName(string original, string expected)
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, JsonFormatter.ToJsonName(original));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(null, "{ }")]
+        [TestCase("x", "{ 'fooString': 'x' }")]
+        [TestCase("", "{ 'fooString': '' }")]
+        public void Oneof(string fooStringValue, string expectedJson)
+        {
+            var message = new TestOneof();
+            if (fooStringValue != null)
+            {
+                message.FooString = fooStringValue;
+            }
+
+            // We should get the same result both with and without "format default values".
+            var formatter = JsonFormatter.Default;
+            AssertJson(expectedJson, formatter.Format(message));
+            formatter = new JsonFormatter(JsonFormatter.Settings.Default.WithFormatDefaultValues(true));
+            AssertJson(expectedJson, formatter.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WrapperFormatting_Single()
+        {
+            // Just a few examples, handling both classes and value types, and
+            // default vs non-default values
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                Int64Field = 10,
+                Int32Field = 0,
+                BytesField = ByteString.FromBase64("ABCD"),
+                StringField = ""
+            };
+            var expectedJson = "{ 'int64Field': '10', 'int32Field': 0, 'stringField': '', 'bytesField': 'ABCD' }";
+            AssertJson(expectedJson, JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WrapperFormatting_Message()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual("\"\"", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(new StringValue()));
+            Assert.AreEqual("0", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(new Int32Value()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WrapperFormatting_IncludeNull()
+        {
+            // The actual JSON here is very large because there are lots of fields. Just test a couple of them.
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = 10 };
+            var formatter = new JsonFormatter(JsonFormatter.Settings.Default.WithFormatDefaultValues(true));
+            var actualJson = formatter.Format(message);
+            Assert.IsTrue(actualJson.Contains("\"int64Field\": null"));
+            Assert.IsFalse(actualJson.Contains("\"int32Field\": null"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OutputIsInNumericFieldOrder_NoDefaults()
+        {
+            var formatter = JsonFormatter.Default;
+            var message = new TestJsonFieldOrdering { PlainString = "p1", PlainInt32 = 2 };
+            AssertJson("{ 'plainString': 'p1', 'plainInt32': 2 }", formatter.Format(message));
+            message = new TestJsonFieldOrdering { O1Int32 = 5, O2String = "o2", PlainInt32 = 10, PlainString = "plain" };
+            AssertJson("{ 'plainString': 'plain', 'o2String': 'o2', 'plainInt32': 10, 'o1Int32': 5 }", formatter.Format(message));
+            message = new TestJsonFieldOrdering { O1String = "", O2Int32 = 0, PlainInt32 = 10, PlainString = "plain" };
+            AssertJson("{ 'plainString': 'plain', 'o1String': '', 'plainInt32': 10, 'o2Int32': 0 }", formatter.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OutputIsInNumericFieldOrder_WithDefaults()
+        {
+            var formatter = new JsonFormatter(JsonFormatter.Settings.Default.WithFormatDefaultValues(true));
+            var message = new TestJsonFieldOrdering();
+            AssertJson("{ 'plainString': '', 'plainInt32': 0 }", formatter.Format(message));
+            message = new TestJsonFieldOrdering { O1Int32 = 5, O2String = "o2", PlainInt32 = 10, PlainString = "plain" };
+            AssertJson("{ 'plainString': 'plain', 'o2String': 'o2', 'plainInt32': 10, 'o1Int32': 5 }", formatter.Format(message));
+            message = new TestJsonFieldOrdering { O1String = "", O2Int32 = 0, PlainInt32 = 10, PlainString = "plain" };
+            AssertJson("{ 'plainString': 'plain', 'o1String': '', 'plainInt32': 10, 'o2Int32': 0 }", formatter.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z", 0)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000001Z", 1)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000010Z", 10)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000100Z", 100)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000001Z", 1000)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000010Z", 10000)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000100Z", 100000)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.001Z", 1000000)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.010Z", 10000000)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.100Z", 100000000)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.120Z", 120000000)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.123Z", 123000000)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.123400Z", 123400000)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.123450Z", 123450000)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.123456Z", 123456000)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.123456700Z", 123456700)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.123456780Z", 123456780)]
+        [TestCase("1970-01-01T00:00:00.123456789Z", 123456789)]
+        public void TimestampStandalone(string expected, int nanos)
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(WrapInQuotes(expected), new Timestamp { Nanos = nanos }.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TimestampStandalone_FromDateTime()
+        {
+            // One before and one after the Unix epoch, more easily represented via DateTime.
+            Assert.AreEqual("\"1673-06-19T12:34:56Z\"",
+                new DateTime(1673, 6, 19, 12, 34, 56, DateTimeKind.Utc).ToTimestamp().ToString());
+            Assert.AreEqual("\"2015-07-31T10:29:34Z\"",
+                new DateTime(2015, 7, 31, 10, 29, 34, DateTimeKind.Utc).ToTimestamp().ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(-1, -1)] // Would be valid as duration
+        [TestCase(1, Timestamp.MaxNanos + 1)]
+        [TestCase(Timestamp.UnixSecondsAtBclMaxValue + 1, 0)]
+        [TestCase(Timestamp.UnixSecondsAtBclMinValue - 1, 0)]
+        public void TimestampStandalone_NonNormalized(long seconds, int nanoseconds)
+        {
+            var timestamp = new Timestamp { Seconds = seconds, Nanos = nanoseconds };
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => JsonFormatter.Default.Format(timestamp));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TimestampField()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { TimestampField = new Timestamp() };
+            AssertJson("{ 'timestampField': '1970-01-01T00:00:00Z' }", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(0, 0, "0s")]
+        [TestCase(1, 0, "1s")]
+        [TestCase(-1, 0, "-1s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 1, "0.000000001s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 10, "0.000000010s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 100, "0.000000100s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 1000, "0.000001s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 10000, "0.000010s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 100000, "0.000100s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 1000000, "0.001s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 10000000, "0.010s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 100000000, "0.100s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 120000000, "0.120s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 123000000, "0.123s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 123400000, "0.123400s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 123450000, "0.123450s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 123456000, "0.123456s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 123456700, "0.123456700s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 123456780, "0.123456780s")]
+        [TestCase(0, 123456789, "0.123456789s")]
+        [TestCase(0, -100000000, "-0.100s")]
+        [TestCase(1, 100000000, "1.100s")]
+        [TestCase(-1, -100000000, "-1.100s")]
+        public void DurationStandalone(long seconds, int nanoseconds, string expected)
+        {
+            var json = JsonFormatter.Default.Format(new Duration { Seconds = seconds, Nanos = nanoseconds });
+            Assert.AreEqual(WrapInQuotes(expected), json);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(1, 2123456789)]
+        [TestCase(1, -100000000)]
+        public void DurationStandalone_NonNormalized(long seconds, int nanoseconds)
+        {
+            var duration = new Duration { Seconds = seconds, Nanos = nanoseconds };
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => JsonFormatter.Default.Format(duration));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DurationField()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { DurationField = new Duration() };
+            AssertJson("{ 'durationField': '0s' }", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void StructSample()
+        {
+            var message = new Struct
+            {
+                Fields =
+                {
+                    { "a", Value.ForNull() },
+                    { "b", Value.ForBool(false) },
+                    { "c", Value.ForNumber(10.5) },
+                    { "d", Value.ForString("text") },
+                    { "e", Value.ForList(Value.ForString("t1"), Value.ForNumber(5)) },
+                    { "f", Value.ForStruct(new Struct { Fields = { { "nested", Value.ForString("value") } } }) }
+                }
+            };
+            AssertJson("{ 'a': null, 'b': false, 'c': 10.5, 'd': 'text', 'e': [ 't1', 5 ], 'f': { 'nested': 'value' } }", message.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("foo__bar")]
+        [TestCase("foo_3_ar")]
+        [TestCase("fooBar")]
+        public void FieldMaskInvalid(string input)
+        {
+            var mask = new FieldMask { Paths = { input } };
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => JsonFormatter.Default.Format(mask));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldMaskStandalone()
+        {
+            var fieldMask = new FieldMask { Paths = { "", "single", "with_underscore", "nested.field.name", "nested..double_dot" } };
+            Assert.AreEqual("\",single,withUnderscore,nested.field.name,nested..doubleDot\"", fieldMask.ToString());
+
+            // Invalid, but we shouldn't create broken JSON...
+            fieldMask = new FieldMask { Paths = { "x\\y" } };
+            Assert.AreEqual(@"""x\\y""", fieldMask.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldMaskField()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { FieldMaskField = new FieldMask { Paths = { "user.display_name", "photo" } } };
+            AssertJson("{ 'fieldMaskField': 'user.displayName,photo' }", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        // SourceContext is an example of a well-known type with no special JSON handling
+        [Test]
+        public void SourceContextStandalone()
+        {
+            var message = new SourceContext { FileName = "foo.proto" };
+            AssertJson("{ 'fileName': 'foo.proto' }", JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AnyWellKnownType()
+        {
+            var formatter = new JsonFormatter(JsonFormatter.Settings.Default.WithTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry.FromMessages(Timestamp.Descriptor)));
+            var timestamp = new DateTime(1673, 6, 19, 12, 34, 56, DateTimeKind.Utc).ToTimestamp();
+            var any = Any.Pack(timestamp);
+            AssertJson("{ '@type': 'type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp', 'value': '1673-06-19T12:34:56Z' }", formatter.Format(any));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AnyMessageType()
+        {
+            var formatter = new JsonFormatter(JsonFormatter.Settings.Default.WithTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestAllTypes.Descriptor)));
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleInt32 = 10, SingleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 20 } };
+            var any = Any.Pack(message);
+            AssertJson("{ '@type': 'type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest3.TestAllTypes', 'singleInt32': 10, 'singleNestedMessage': { 'bb': 20 } }", formatter.Format(any));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AnyMessageType_CustomPrefix()
+        {
+            var formatter = new JsonFormatter(JsonFormatter.Settings.Default.WithTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestAllTypes.Descriptor)));
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleInt32 = 10 };
+            var any = Any.Pack(message, "foo.bar/baz");
+            AssertJson("{ '@type': 'foo.bar/baz/protobuf_unittest3.TestAllTypes', 'singleInt32': 10 }", formatter.Format(any));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AnyNested()
+        {
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestWellKnownTypes.Descriptor, TestAllTypes.Descriptor);
+            var formatter = new JsonFormatter(JsonFormatter.Settings.Default.WithTypeRegistry(registry));
+
+            // Nest an Any as the value of an Any.
+            var doubleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes { SingleInt32 = 20 };
+            var nestedMessage = Any.Pack(doubleNestedMessage);
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { AnyField = Any.Pack(nestedMessage) };
+            AssertJson("{ 'anyField': { '@type': 'type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any', 'value': { '@type': 'type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest3.TestAllTypes', 'singleInt32': 20 } } }",
+                formatter.Format(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AnyUnknownType()
+        {
+            // The default type registry doesn't have any types in it.
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => JsonFormatter.Default.Format(any));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(BoolValue), true, "true")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(Int32Value), 32, "32")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(Int64Value), 32L, "\"32\"")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(UInt32Value), 32U, "32")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(UInt64Value), 32UL, "\"32\"")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(StringValue), "foo", "\"foo\"")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(FloatValue), 1.5f, "1.5")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(DoubleValue), 1.5d, "1.5")]
+        public void Wrappers_Standalone(System.Type wrapperType, object value, string expectedJson)
+        {
+            IMessage populated = (IMessage)Activator.CreateInstance(wrapperType);
+            populated.Descriptor.Fields[WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(populated, value);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedJson, JsonFormatter.Default.Format(populated));
+        }
+
+        // Sanity tests for WriteValue. Not particularly comprehensive, as it's all covered above already,
+        // as FormatMessage uses WriteValue.
+
+        [TestCase(null, "null")]
+        [TestCase(1, "1")]
+        [TestCase(1L, "'1'")]
+        [TestCase(0.5f, "0.5")]
+        [TestCase(0.5d, "0.5")]
+        [TestCase("text", "'text'")]
+        [TestCase("x\ny", @"'x\ny'")]
+        [TestCase(ForeignEnum.ForeignBar, "'FOREIGN_BAR'")]
+        public void WriteValue_Constant(object value, string expectedJson)
+        {
+            AssertWriteValue(value, expectedJson);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteValue_Timestamp()
+        {
+            var value = new DateTime(1673, 6, 19, 12, 34, 56, DateTimeKind.Utc).ToTimestamp();
+            AssertWriteValue(value, "'1673-06-19T12:34:56Z'");
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteValue_Message()
+        {
+            var value = new TestAllTypes { SingleInt32 = 100, SingleInt64 = 3210987654321L };
+            AssertWriteValue(value, "{ 'singleInt32': 100, 'singleInt64': '3210987654321' }");
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void WriteValue_List()
+        {
+            var value = new RepeatedField<int> { 1, 2, 3 };
+            AssertWriteValue(value, "[ 1, 2, 3 ]");
+        }
+
+        private static void AssertWriteValue(object value, string expectedJson)
+        {
+            var writer = new StringWriter();
+            JsonFormatter.Default.WriteValue(writer, value);
+            string actual = writer.ToString();
+            AssertJson(expectedJson, actual);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks that the actual JSON is the same as the expected JSON - but after replacing
+        /// all apostrophes in the expected JSON with double quotes. This basically makes the tests easier
+        /// to read.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertJson(string expectedJsonWithApostrophes, string actualJson)
+        {
+            var expectedJson = expectedJsonWithApostrophes.Replace("'", "\"");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedJson, actualJson);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonParserTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonParserTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6cf04ab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonParserTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,976 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Unit tests for JSON parsing.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class JsonParserTest
+    {
+        // Sanity smoke test
+        [Test]
+        public void AllTypesRoundtrip()
+        {
+            AssertRoundtrip(SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Maps()
+        {
+            AssertRoundtrip(new TestMap { MapStringString = { { "with spaces", "bar" }, { "a", "b" } } });
+            AssertRoundtrip(new TestMap { MapInt32Int32 = { { 0, 1 }, { 2, 3 } } });
+            AssertRoundtrip(new TestMap { MapBoolBool = { { false, true }, { true, false } } });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(" 1 ")]
+        [TestCase("+1")]
+        [TestCase("1,000")]
+        [TestCase("1.5")]
+        public void IntegerMapKeysAreStrict(string keyText)
+        {
+            // Test that integer parsing is strict. We assume that if this is correct for int32,
+            // it's correct for other numeric key types.
+            var json = "{ \"mapInt32Int32\": { \"" + keyText + "\" : \"1\" } }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => JsonParser.Default.Parse<TestMap>(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OriginalFieldNameAccepted()
+        {
+            var json = "{ \"single_int32\": 10 }";
+            var expected = new TestAllTypes { SingleInt32 = 10 };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SourceContextRoundtrip()
+        {
+            AssertRoundtrip(new SourceContext { FileName = "foo.proto" });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SingularWrappers_DefaultNonNullValues()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                StringField = "",
+                BytesField = ByteString.Empty,
+                BoolField = false,
+                FloatField = 0f,
+                DoubleField = 0d,
+                Int32Field = 0,
+                Int64Field = 0,
+                Uint32Field = 0,
+                Uint64Field = 0
+            };
+            AssertRoundtrip(message);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SingularWrappers_NonDefaultValues()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                StringField = "x",
+                BytesField = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3),
+                BoolField = true,
+                FloatField = 12.5f,
+                DoubleField = 12.25d,
+                Int32Field = 1,
+                Int64Field = 2,
+                Uint32Field = 3,
+                Uint64Field = 4
+            };
+            AssertRoundtrip(message);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SingularWrappers_ExplicitNulls()
+        {
+            // When we parse the "valueField": null part, we remember it... basically, it's one case
+            // where explicit default values don't fully roundtrip.
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { ValueField = Value.ForNull() };
+            var json = new JsonFormatter(new JsonFormatter.Settings(true)).Format(message);
+            var parsed = JsonParser.Default.Parse<TestWellKnownTypes>(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(typeof(BoolValue), "true", true)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(Int32Value), "32", 32)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(Int64Value), "32", 32L)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(Int64Value), "\"32\"", 32L)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(UInt32Value), "32", 32U)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(UInt64Value), "\"32\"", 32UL)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(UInt64Value), "32", 32UL)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(StringValue), "\"foo\"", "foo")]
+        [TestCase(typeof(FloatValue), "1.5", 1.5f)]
+        [TestCase(typeof(DoubleValue), "1.5", 1.5d)]
+        public void Wrappers_Standalone(System.Type wrapperType, string json, object expectedValue)
+        {
+            IMessage parsed = (IMessage)Activator.CreateInstance(wrapperType);
+            IMessage expected = (IMessage)Activator.CreateInstance(wrapperType);
+            JsonParser.Default.Merge(parsed, "null");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, parsed);
+
+            JsonParser.Default.Merge(parsed, json);
+            expected.Descriptor.Fields[WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(expected, expectedValue);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ExplicitNullValue()
+        {
+            string json = "{\"valueField\": null}";
+            var message = JsonParser.Default.Parse<TestWellKnownTypes>(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(new TestWellKnownTypes { ValueField = Value.ForNull() }, message);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void BytesWrapper_Standalone()
+        {
+            ByteString data = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3);
+            // Can't do this with attributes...
+            var parsed = JsonParser.Default.Parse<BytesValue>(WrapInQuotes(data.ToBase64()));
+            var expected = new BytesValue { Value = data };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RepeatedWrappers()
+        {
+            var message = new RepeatedWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                BoolField = { true, false },
+                BytesField = { ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3), ByteString.CopyFrom(4, 5, 6), ByteString.Empty },
+                DoubleField = { 12.5, -1.5, 0d },
+                FloatField = { 123.25f, -20f, 0f },
+                Int32Field = { int.MaxValue, int.MinValue, 0 },
+                Int64Field = { long.MaxValue, long.MinValue, 0L },
+                StringField = { "First", "Second", "" },
+                Uint32Field = { uint.MaxValue, uint.MinValue, 0U },
+                Uint64Field = { ulong.MaxValue, ulong.MinValue, 0UL },
+            };
+            AssertRoundtrip(message);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RepeatedField_NullElementProhibited()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"repeated_foreign_message\": [null] }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RepeatedField_NullOverallValueAllowed()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"repeated_foreign_message\": null }";
+            Assert.AreEqual(new TestAllTypes(), TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("{ \"mapInt32Int32\": { \"10\": null }")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"mapStringString\": { \"abc\": null }")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"mapInt32ForeignMessage\": { \"10\": null }")]
+        public void MapField_NullValueProhibited(string json)
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestMap.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapField_NullOverallValueAllowed()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"mapInt32Int32\": null }";
+            Assert.AreEqual(new TestMap(), TestMap.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IndividualWrapperTypes()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new StringValue { Value = "foo" }, StringValue.Parser.ParseJson("\"foo\""));
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Int32Value { Value = 1 }, Int32Value.Parser.ParseJson("1"));
+            // Can parse strings directly too
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Int32Value { Value = 1 }, Int32Value.Parser.ParseJson("\"1\""));
+        }
+
+        private static void AssertRoundtrip<T>(T message) where T : IMessage<T>, new()
+        {
+            var clone = message.Clone();
+            var json = JsonFormatter.Default.Format(message);
+            var parsed = JsonParser.Default.Parse<T>(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(clone, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0)]
+        [TestCase("-0", 0)] // Not entirely clear whether we intend to allow this...
+        [TestCase("1", 1)]
+        [TestCase("-1", -1)]
+        [TestCase("2147483647", 2147483647)]
+        [TestCase("-2147483648", -2147483648)]
+        public void StringToInt32_Valid(string jsonValue, int expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt32\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleInt32);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("+0")]
+        [TestCase(" 1")]
+        [TestCase("1 ")]
+        [TestCase("00")]
+        [TestCase("-00")]
+        [TestCase("--1")]
+        [TestCase("+1")]
+        [TestCase("1.5")]
+        [TestCase("1e10")]
+        [TestCase("2147483648")]
+        [TestCase("-2147483649")]
+        public void StringToInt32_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt32\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0U)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1U)]
+        [TestCase("4294967295", 4294967295U)]
+        public void StringToUInt32_Valid(string jsonValue, uint expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint32\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleUint32);
+        }
+
+        // Assume that anything non-bounds-related is covered in the Int32 case
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("-1")]
+        [TestCase("4294967296")]
+        public void StringToUInt32_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint32\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0L)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1L)]
+        [TestCase("-1", -1L)]
+        [TestCase("9223372036854775807", 9223372036854775807)]
+        [TestCase("-9223372036854775808", -9223372036854775808)]
+        public void StringToInt64_Valid(string jsonValue, long expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt64\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleInt64);
+        }
+
+        // Assume that anything non-bounds-related is covered in the Int32 case
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("-9223372036854775809")]
+        [TestCase("9223372036854775808")]
+        public void StringToInt64_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt64\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0UL)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1UL)]
+        [TestCase("18446744073709551615", 18446744073709551615)]
+        public void StringToUInt64_Valid(string jsonValue, ulong expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint64\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleUint64);
+        }
+
+        // Assume that anything non-bounds-related is covered in the Int32 case
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("-1")]
+        [TestCase("18446744073709551616")]
+        public void StringToUInt64_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint64\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0d)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1d)]
+        [TestCase("1.000000", 1d)]
+        [TestCase("1.0000000000000000000000001", 1d)] // We don't notice that we haven't preserved the exact value
+        [TestCase("-1", -1d)]
+        [TestCase("1e1", 10d)]
+        [TestCase("1e01", 10d)] // Leading decimals are allowed in exponents
+        [TestCase("1E1", 10d)] // Either case is fine
+        [TestCase("-1e1", -10d)]
+        [TestCase("1.5e1", 15d)]
+        [TestCase("-1.5e1", -15d)]
+        [TestCase("15e-1", 1.5d)]
+        [TestCase("-15e-1", -1.5d)]
+        [TestCase("1.79769e308", 1.79769e308)]
+        [TestCase("-1.79769e308", -1.79769e308)]
+        [TestCase("Infinity", double.PositiveInfinity)]
+        [TestCase("-Infinity", double.NegativeInfinity)]
+        [TestCase("NaN", double.NaN)]
+        public void StringToDouble_Valid(string jsonValue, double expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleDouble\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleDouble);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("1.7977e308")]
+        [TestCase("-1.7977e308")]
+        [TestCase("1e309")]
+        [TestCase("1,0")]
+        [TestCase("1.0.0")]
+        [TestCase("+1")]
+        [TestCase("00")]
+        [TestCase("01")]
+        [TestCase("-00")]
+        [TestCase("-01")]
+        [TestCase("--1")]
+        [TestCase(" Infinity")]
+        [TestCase(" -Infinity")]
+        [TestCase("NaN ")]
+        [TestCase("Infinity ")]
+        [TestCase("-Infinity ")]
+        [TestCase(" NaN")]
+        [TestCase("INFINITY")]
+        [TestCase("nan")]
+        [TestCase("\u00BD")] // 1/2 as a single Unicode character. Just sanity checking...
+        public void StringToDouble_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleDouble\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0f)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1f)]
+        [TestCase("1.000000", 1f)]
+        [TestCase("-1", -1f)]
+        [TestCase("3.402823e38", 3.402823e38f)]
+        [TestCase("-3.402823e38", -3.402823e38f)]
+        [TestCase("1.5e1", 15f)]
+        [TestCase("15e-1", 1.5f)]
+        public void StringToFloat_Valid(string jsonValue, float expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleFloat\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleFloat);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("3.402824e38")]
+        [TestCase("-3.402824e38")]
+        [TestCase("1,0")]
+        [TestCase("1.0.0")]
+        [TestCase("+1")]
+        [TestCase("00")]
+        [TestCase("--1")]
+        public void StringToFloat_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleFloat\": \"" + jsonValue + "\"}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0)]
+        [TestCase("-0", 0)] // Not entirely clear whether we intend to allow this...
+        [TestCase("1", 1)]
+        [TestCase("-1", -1)]
+        [TestCase("2147483647", 2147483647)]
+        [TestCase("-2147483648", -2147483648)]
+        [TestCase("1e1", 10)]
+        [TestCase("-1e1", -10)]
+        [TestCase("10.00", 10)]
+        [TestCase("-10.00", -10)]
+        public void NumberToInt32_Valid(string jsonValue, int expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt32\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleInt32);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("+0", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("00", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("-00", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("--1", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("+1", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("1.5", typeof(InvalidProtocolBufferException))]
+        // Value is out of range
+        [TestCase("1e10", typeof(InvalidProtocolBufferException))]
+        [TestCase("2147483648", typeof(InvalidProtocolBufferException))]
+        [TestCase("-2147483649", typeof(InvalidProtocolBufferException))]
+        public void NumberToInt32_Invalid(string jsonValue, System.Type expectedExceptionType)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt32\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            Assert.Throws(expectedExceptionType, () => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0U)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1U)]
+        [TestCase("4294967295", 4294967295U)]
+        public void NumberToUInt32_Valid(string jsonValue, uint expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint32\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleUint32);
+        }
+
+        // Assume that anything non-bounds-related is covered in the Int32 case
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("-1")]
+        [TestCase("4294967296")]
+        public void NumberToUInt32_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint32\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0L)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1L)]
+        [TestCase("-1", -1L)]
+        // long.MaxValue isn't actually representable as a double. This string value is the highest
+        // representable value which isn't greater than long.MaxValue.
+        [TestCase("9223372036854774784", 9223372036854774784)]
+        [TestCase("-9223372036854775808", -9223372036854775808)]
+        public void NumberToInt64_Valid(string jsonValue, long expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt64\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleInt64);
+        }
+
+        // Assume that anything non-bounds-related is covered in the Int32 case
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("9223372036854775808")]
+        // Theoretical bound would be -9223372036854775809, but when that is parsed to a double
+        // we end up with the exact value of long.MinValue due to lack of precision. The value here
+        // is the "next double down".
+        [TestCase("-9223372036854780000")]
+        public void NumberToInt64_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleInt64\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0UL)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1UL)]
+        // ulong.MaxValue isn't representable as a double. This value is the largest double within
+        // the range of ulong.
+        [TestCase("18446744073709549568", 18446744073709549568UL)]
+        public void NumberToUInt64_Valid(string jsonValue, ulong expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint64\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleUint64);
+        }
+
+        // Assume that anything non-bounds-related is covered in the Int32 case
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("-1")]
+        [TestCase("18446744073709551616")]
+        public void NumberToUInt64_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleUint64\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0d)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1d)]
+        [TestCase("1.000000", 1d)]
+        [TestCase("1.0000000000000000000000001", 1d)] // We don't notice that we haven't preserved the exact value
+        [TestCase("-1", -1d)]
+        [TestCase("1e1", 10d)]
+        [TestCase("1e01", 10d)] // Leading decimals are allowed in exponents
+        [TestCase("1E1", 10d)] // Either case is fine
+        [TestCase("-1e1", -10d)]
+        [TestCase("1.5e1", 15d)]
+        [TestCase("-1.5e1", -15d)]
+        [TestCase("15e-1", 1.5d)]
+        [TestCase("-15e-1", -1.5d)]
+        [TestCase("1.79769e308", 1.79769e308)]
+        [TestCase("-1.79769e308", -1.79769e308)]
+        public void NumberToDouble_Valid(string jsonValue, double expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleDouble\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleDouble);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("1.7977e308")]
+        [TestCase("-1.7977e308")]
+        [TestCase("1e309")]
+        [TestCase("1,0")]
+        [TestCase("1.0.0")]
+        [TestCase("+1")]
+        [TestCase("00")]
+        [TestCase("--1")]
+        [TestCase("\u00BD")] // 1/2 as a single Unicode character. Just sanity checking...
+        public void NumberToDouble_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleDouble\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidJsonException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0f)]
+        [TestCase("1", 1f)]
+        [TestCase("1.000000", 1f)]
+        [TestCase("-1", -1f)]
+        [TestCase("3.402823e38", 3.402823e38f)]
+        [TestCase("-3.402823e38", -3.402823e38f)]
+        [TestCase("1.5e1", 15f)]
+        [TestCase("15e-1", 1.5f)]
+        public void NumberToFloat_Valid(string jsonValue, float expectedParsedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleFloat\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedParsedValue, parsed.SingleFloat);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("3.402824e38", typeof(InvalidProtocolBufferException))]
+        [TestCase("-3.402824e38", typeof(InvalidProtocolBufferException))]
+        [TestCase("1,0", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("1.0.0", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("+1", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("00", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        [TestCase("--1", typeof(InvalidJsonException))]
+        public void NumberToFloat_Invalid(string jsonValue, System.Type expectedExceptionType)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleFloat\": " + jsonValue + "}";
+            Assert.Throws(expectedExceptionType, () => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        // The simplest way of testing that the value has parsed correctly is to reformat it,
+        // as we trust the formatting. In many cases that will give the same result as the input,
+        // so in those cases we accept an expectedFormatted value of null. Sometimes the results
+        // will be different though, due to a different number of digits being provided.
+        [Test]
+        // Z offset
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z", null)]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456Z", null)]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123Z", null)]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23Z", null)]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456000Z", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.1234560Z", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123000000Z", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.1230Z", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.00Z", "2015-10-09T14:46:23Z")]
+
+        // +00:00 offset
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456000+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.1234560+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123000000+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.1230+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.00+00:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23Z")]
+
+        // Other offsets (assume by now that the subsecond handling is okay)
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T15:46:23.123456789+01:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T13:46:23.123456789-01:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T15:16:23.123456789+00:30", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:16:23.123456789-00:30", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T16:31:23.123456789+01:45", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T13:01:23.123456789-01:45", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-10T08:46:23.123456789+18:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-08T20:46:23.123456789-18:00", "2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z")]
+
+        // Leap years and min/max
+        [TestCase("2016-02-29T14:46:23.123456789Z", null)]
+        [TestCase("2000-02-29T14:46:23.123456789Z", null)]
+        [TestCase("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", null)]
+        [TestCase("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", null)]
+        public void Timestamp_Valid(string jsonValue, string expectedFormatted)
+        {
+            expectedFormatted = expectedFormatted ?? jsonValue;
+            string json = WrapInQuotes(jsonValue);
+            var parsed = Timestamp.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(WrapInQuotes(expectedFormatted), parsed.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09 14:46:23.123456789Z", Description = "No T between date and time")]
+        [TestCase("2015/10/09T14:46:23.123456789Z", Description = "Wrong date separators")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14.46.23.123456789Z", Description = "Wrong time separators")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23,123456789Z", Description = "Wrong fractional second separators (valid ISO-8601 though)")]
+        [TestCase(" 2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z", Description = "Whitespace at start")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789Z ", Description = "Whitespace at end")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.1234567890", Description = "Too many digits")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789", Description = "No offset")]
+        [TestCase("2015-13-09T14:46:23.123456789Z", Description = "Invalid month")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-32T14:46:23.123456789Z", Description = "Invalid day")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T24:00:00.000000000Z", Description = "Invalid hour (valid ISO-8601 though)")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:60:23.123456789Z", Description = "Invalid minutes")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:60.123456789Z", Description = "Invalid seconds")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789+18:01", Description = "Offset too large (positive)")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789-18:01", Description = "Offset too large (negative)")]
+        [TestCase("2015-10-09T14:46:23.123456789-00:00", Description = "Local offset (-00:00) makes no sense here")]
+        [TestCase("0001-01-01T00:00:00+00:01", Description = "Value before earliest when offset applied")]
+        [TestCase("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999-00:01", Description = "Value after latest when offset applied")]
+        [TestCase("2100-02-29T14:46:23.123456789Z", Description = "Feb 29th on a non-leap-year")]
+        public void Timestamp_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = WrapInQuotes(jsonValue);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => Timestamp.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void StructValue_Null()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Value { NullValue = 0 }, Value.Parser.ParseJson("null"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void StructValue_String()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Value { StringValue = "hi" }, Value.Parser.ParseJson("\"hi\""));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void StructValue_Bool()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Value { BoolValue = true }, Value.Parser.ParseJson("true"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Value { BoolValue = false }, Value.Parser.ParseJson("false"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void StructValue_List()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(Value.ForList(Value.ForNumber(1), Value.ForString("x")), Value.Parser.ParseJson("[1, \"x\"]"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Value_List_WithNullElement()
+        {
+            var expected = Value.ForList(Value.ForString("x"), Value.ForNull(), Value.ForString("y"));
+            var actual = Value.Parser.ParseJson("[\"x\", null, \"y\"]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void StructValue_NullElement()
+        {
+            var expected = Value.ForStruct(new Struct { Fields = { { "x", Value.ForNull() } } });
+            var actual = Value.Parser.ParseJson("{ \"x\": null }");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ParseListValue()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new ListValue { Values = { Value.ForNumber(1), Value.ForString("x") } }, ListValue.Parser.ParseJson("[1, \"x\"]"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void StructValue_Struct()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(
+                Value.ForStruct(new Struct { Fields = { { "x", Value.ForNumber(1) }, { "y", Value.ForString("z") } } }),
+                Value.Parser.ParseJson("{ \"x\": 1, \"y\": \"z\" }"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ParseStruct()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Struct { Fields = { { "x", Value.ForNumber(1) }, { "y", Value.ForString("z") } } },
+                Struct.Parser.ParseJson("{ \"x\": 1, \"y\": \"z\" }"));
+        }
+
+        // TODO for duration parsing: upper and lower bounds.
+        // +/- 315576000000 seconds
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("1.123456789s", null)]
+        [TestCase("1.123456s", null)]
+        [TestCase("1.123s", null)]
+        [TestCase("1.12300s", "1.123s")]
+        [TestCase("1.12345s", "1.123450s")]
+        [TestCase("1s", null)]
+        [TestCase("-1.123456789s", null)]
+        [TestCase("-1.123456s", null)]
+        [TestCase("-1.123s", null)]
+        [TestCase("-1s", null)]
+        [TestCase("0.123s", null)]
+        [TestCase("-0.123s", null)]
+        [TestCase("123456.123s", null)]
+        [TestCase("-123456.123s", null)]
+        // Upper and lower bounds
+        [TestCase("315576000000s", null)]
+        [TestCase("-315576000000s", null)]
+        public void Duration_Valid(string jsonValue, string expectedFormatted)
+        {
+            expectedFormatted = expectedFormatted ?? jsonValue;
+            string json = WrapInQuotes(jsonValue);
+            var parsed = Duration.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(WrapInQuotes(expectedFormatted), parsed.ToString());
+        }
+
+        // The simplest way of testing that the value has parsed correctly is to reformat it,
+        // as we trust the formatting. In many cases that will give the same result as the input,
+        // so in those cases we accept an expectedFormatted value of null. Sometimes the results
+        // will be different though, due to a different number of digits being provided.
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("1.1234567890s", Description = "Too many digits")]
+        [TestCase("1.123456789", Description = "No suffix")]
+        [TestCase("1.123456789ss", Description = "Too much suffix")]
+        [TestCase("1.123456789S", Description = "Upper case suffix")]
+        [TestCase("+1.123456789s", Description = "Leading +")]
+        [TestCase(".123456789s", Description = "No integer before the fraction")]
+        [TestCase("1,123456789s", Description = "Comma as decimal separator")]
+        [TestCase("1x1.123456789s", Description = "Non-digit in integer part")]
+        [TestCase("1.1x3456789s", Description = "Non-digit in fractional part")]
+        [TestCase(" 1.123456789s", Description = "Whitespace before fraction")]
+        [TestCase("1.123456789s ", Description = "Whitespace after value")]
+        [TestCase("01.123456789s", Description = "Leading zero (positive)")]
+        [TestCase("-01.123456789s", Description = "Leading zero (negative)")]
+        [TestCase("--0.123456789s", Description = "Double minus sign")]
+        // Violate upper/lower bounds in various ways
+        [TestCase("315576000001s", Description = "Integer part too large")]
+        [TestCase("3155760000000s", Description = "Integer part too long (positive)")]
+        [TestCase("-3155760000000s", Description = "Integer part too long (negative)")]
+        public void Duration_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = WrapInQuotes(jsonValue);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => Duration.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        // Not as many tests for field masks as I'd like; more to be added when we have more
+        // detailed specifications.
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("")]
+        [TestCase("foo", "foo")]
+        [TestCase("foo,bar", "foo", "bar")]
+        [TestCase("foo.bar", "foo.bar")]
+        [TestCase("fooBar", "foo_bar")]
+        [TestCase("fooBar.bazQux", "foo_bar.baz_qux")]
+        public void FieldMask_Valid(string jsonValue, params string[] expectedPaths)
+        {
+            string json = WrapInQuotes(jsonValue);
+            var parsed = FieldMask.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expectedPaths, parsed.Paths);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("foo_bar")]
+        public void FieldMask_Invalid(string jsonValue)
+        {
+            string json = WrapInQuotes(jsonValue);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => FieldMask.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Any_RegularMessage()
+        {
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestAllTypes.Descriptor);
+            var formatter = new JsonFormatter(new JsonFormatter.Settings(false, TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestAllTypes.Descriptor)));
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleInt32 = 10, SingleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 20 } };
+            var original = Any.Pack(message);
+            var json = formatter.Format(original); // This is tested in JsonFormatterTest
+            var parser = new JsonParser(new JsonParser.Settings(10, registry));
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, parser.Parse<Any>(json));
+            string valueFirstJson = "{ \"singleInt32\": 10, \"singleNestedMessage\": { \"bb\": 20 }, \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest3.TestAllTypes\" }";
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, parser.Parse<Any>(valueFirstJson));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Any_CustomPrefix()
+        {
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestAllTypes.Descriptor);
+            var message = new TestAllTypes { SingleInt32 = 10 };
+            var original = Any.Pack(message, "custom.prefix/middle-part");
+            var parser = new JsonParser(new JsonParser.Settings(10, registry));
+            string json = "{ \"@type\": \"custom.prefix/middle-part/protobuf_unittest3.TestAllTypes\", \"singleInt32\": 10 }";
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, parser.Parse<Any>(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Any_UnknownType()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/bogus\" }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => Any.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Any_NoTypeUrl()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"foo\": \"bar\" }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => Any.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Any_WellKnownType()
+        {
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromMessages(Timestamp.Descriptor);
+            var formatter = new JsonFormatter(new JsonFormatter.Settings(false, registry));
+            var timestamp = new DateTime(1673, 6, 19, 12, 34, 56, DateTimeKind.Utc).ToTimestamp();
+            var original = Any.Pack(timestamp);
+            var json = formatter.Format(original); // This is tested in JsonFormatterTest
+            var parser = new JsonParser(new JsonParser.Settings(10, registry));
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, parser.Parse<Any>(json));
+            string valueFirstJson = "{ \"value\": \"1673-06-19T12:34:56Z\", \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp\" }";
+            Assert.AreEqual(original, parser.Parse<Any>(valueFirstJson));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Any_Nested()
+        {
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestWellKnownTypes.Descriptor, TestAllTypes.Descriptor);
+            var formatter = new JsonFormatter(new JsonFormatter.Settings(false, registry));
+            var parser = new JsonParser(new JsonParser.Settings(10, registry));
+            var doubleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes { SingleInt32 = 20 };
+            var nestedMessage = Any.Pack(doubleNestedMessage);
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { AnyField = Any.Pack(nestedMessage) };
+            var json = formatter.Format(message);
+            // Use the descriptor-based parser just for a change.
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parser.Parse(json, TestWellKnownTypes.Descriptor));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DataAfterObject()
+        {
+            string json = "{} 10";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidJsonException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// JSON equivalent to <see cref="CodedInputStreamTest.MaliciousRecursion"/>
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void MaliciousRecursion()
+        {
+            string data64 = CodedInputStreamTest.MakeRecursiveMessage(64).ToString();
+            string data65 = CodedInputStreamTest.MakeRecursiveMessage(65).ToString();
+
+            var parser64 = new JsonParser(new JsonParser.Settings(64));
+            CodedInputStreamTest.AssertMessageDepth(parser64.Parse<TestRecursiveMessage>(data64), 64);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => parser64.Parse<TestRecursiveMessage>(data65));
+
+            var parser63 = new JsonParser(new JsonParser.Settings(63));
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => parser63.Parse<TestRecursiveMessage>(data64));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("AQI")]
+        [TestCase("_-==")]
+        public void Bytes_InvalidBase64(string badBase64)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleBytes\": \"" + badBase64 + "\" }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("\"FOREIGN_BAR\"", ForeignEnum.ForeignBar)]
+        [TestCase("5", ForeignEnum.ForeignBar)]
+        [TestCase("100", (ForeignEnum)100)]
+        public void EnumValid(string value, ForeignEnum expectedValue)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleForeignEnum\": " + value + " }";
+            var parsed = TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json);
+            Assert.AreEqual(new TestAllTypes { SingleForeignEnum = expectedValue }, parsed);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("\"NOT_A_VALID_VALUE\"")]
+        [TestCase("5.5")]
+        public void Enum_Invalid(string value)
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"singleForeignEnum\": " + value + " }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OneofDuplicate_Invalid()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"oneofString\": \"x\", \"oneofUint32\": 10 }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void UnknownField_NotIgnored()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"unknownField\": 10, \"singleString\": \"x\" }";
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => TestAllTypes.Parser.ParseJson(json));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("5")]
+        [TestCase("\"text\"")]
+        [TestCase("[0, 1, 2]")]
+        [TestCase("{ \"a\": { \"b\": 10 } }")]
+        public void UnknownField_Ignored(string value)
+        {
+            var parser = new JsonParser(JsonParser.Settings.Default.WithIgnoreUnknownFields(true));
+            string json = "{ \"unknownField\": " + value + ", \"singleString\": \"x\" }";
+            var actual = parser.Parse<TestAllTypes>(json);
+            var expected = new TestAllTypes { SingleString = "x" };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Various tests use strings which have quotes round them for parsing or as the result
+        /// of formatting, but without those quotes being specified in the tests (for the sake of readability).
+        /// This method simply returns the input, wrapped in double quotes.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string WrapInQuotes(string text)
+        {
+            return '"' + text + '"';
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonTokenizerTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonTokenizerTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df43effd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/JsonTokenizerTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class JsonTokenizerTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void EmptyObjectValue()
+        {
+            AssertTokens("{}", JsonToken.StartObject, JsonToken.EndObject);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EmptyArrayValue()
+        {
+            AssertTokens("[]", JsonToken.StartArray, JsonToken.EndArray);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("foo", "foo")]
+        [TestCase("tab\\t", "tab\t")]
+        [TestCase("line\\nfeed", "line\nfeed")]
+        [TestCase("carriage\\rreturn", "carriage\rreturn")]
+        [TestCase("back\\bspace", "back\bspace")]
+        [TestCase("form\\ffeed", "form\ffeed")]
+        [TestCase("escaped\\/slash", "escaped/slash")]
+        [TestCase("escaped\\\\backslash", "escaped\\backslash")]
+        [TestCase("escaped\\\"quote", "escaped\"quote")]
+        [TestCase("foo {}[] bar", "foo {}[] bar")]
+        [TestCase("foo\\u09aFbar", "foo\u09afbar")] // Digits, upper hex, lower hex
+        [TestCase("ab\ud800\udc00cd", "ab\ud800\udc00cd")]
+        [TestCase("ab\\ud800\\udc00cd", "ab\ud800\udc00cd")]
+        public void StringValue(string json, string expectedValue)
+        {
+            AssertTokensNoReplacement("\"" + json + "\"", JsonToken.Value(expectedValue));
+        }
+
+        // Valid surrogate pairs, with mixed escaping. These test cases can't be expressed
+        // using TestCase as they have no valid UTF-8 representation.
+        // It's unclear exactly how we should handle a mixture of escaped or not: that can't
+        // come from UTF-8 text, but could come from a .NET string. For the moment,
+        // treat it as valid in the obvious way.
+        [Test]
+        public void MixedSurrogatePairs()
+        {
+            string expected = "\ud800\udc00";
+            AssertTokens("'\\ud800\udc00'", JsonToken.Value(expected));
+            AssertTokens("'\ud800\\udc00'", JsonToken.Value(expected));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ObjectDepth()
+        {
+            string json = "{ \"foo\": { \"x\": 1, \"y\": [ 0 ] } }";
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(new StringReader(json));
+            // If we had more tests like this, I'd introduce a helper method... but for one test, it's not worth it.
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.StartObject, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.Name("foo"), tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.StartObject, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.Name("x"), tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.Value(1), tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.Name("y"), tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.StartArray, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, tokenizer.ObjectDepth); // Depth hasn't changed in array
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.Value(0), tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.EndArray, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.EndObject, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.EndObject, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.EndDocument, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ObjectDepth_WithPushBack()
+        {
+            string json = "{}";
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(new StringReader(json));
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            var token = tokenizer.Next();
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            // When we push back a "start object", we should effectively be back to the previous depth.
+            tokenizer.PushBack(token);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            // Read the same token again, and get back to depth 1
+            token = tokenizer.Next();
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+
+            // Now the same in reverse, with EndObject
+            token = tokenizer.Next();
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            tokenizer.PushBack(token);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+            tokenizer.Next();
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, tokenizer.ObjectDepth);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("embedded tab\t")]
+        [TestCase("embedded CR\r")]
+        [TestCase("embedded LF\n")]
+        [TestCase("embedded bell\u0007")]
+        [TestCase("bad escape\\a")]
+        [TestCase("incomplete escape\\")]
+        [TestCase("incomplete Unicode escape\\u000")]
+        [TestCase("invalid Unicode escape\\u000H")]
+        // Surrogate pair handling, both in raw .NET strings and escaped. We only need
+        // to detect this in strings, as non-ASCII characters anywhere other than in strings
+        // will already lead to parsing errors.
+        [TestCase("\\ud800")]
+        [TestCase("\\udc00")]
+        [TestCase("\\ud800x")]
+        [TestCase("\\udc00x")]
+        [TestCase("\\udc00\\ud800y")]
+        public void InvalidStringValue(string json)
+        {
+            AssertThrowsAfter("\"" + json + "\"");
+        }
+
+        // Tests for invalid strings that can't be expressed in attributes,
+        // as the constants can't be expressed as UTF-8 strings.
+        [Test]
+        public void InvalidSurrogatePairs()
+        {
+            AssertThrowsAfter("\"\ud800x\"");
+            AssertThrowsAfter("\"\udc00y\"");
+            AssertThrowsAfter("\"\udc00\ud800y\"");
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("0", 0)]
+        [TestCase("-0", 0)] // We don't distinguish between positive and negative 0
+        [TestCase("1", 1)]
+        [TestCase("-1", -1)]
+        // From here on, assume leading sign is okay...
+        [TestCase("1.125", 1.125)]
+        [TestCase("1.0", 1)]
+        [TestCase("1e5", 100000)]
+        [TestCase("1e000000", 1)] // Weird, but not prohibited by the spec
+        [TestCase("1E5", 100000)]
+        [TestCase("1e+5", 100000)]
+        [TestCase("1E-5", 0.00001)]
+        [TestCase("123E-2", 1.23)]
+        [TestCase("123.45E3", 123450)]
+        [TestCase("   1   ", 1)]
+        public void NumberValue(string json, double expectedValue)
+        {
+            AssertTokens(json, JsonToken.Value(expectedValue));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("00")]
+        [TestCase(".5")]
+        [TestCase("1.")]
+        [TestCase("1e")]
+        [TestCase("1e-")]
+        [TestCase("--")]
+        [TestCase("--1")]
+        [TestCase("-1.7977e308")]
+        [TestCase("1.7977e308")]
+        public void InvalidNumberValue(string json)
+        {
+            AssertThrowsAfter(json);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("nul")]
+        [TestCase("nothing")]
+        [TestCase("truth")]
+        [TestCase("fALSEhood")]
+        public void InvalidLiterals(string json)
+        {
+            AssertThrowsAfter(json);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NullValue()
+        {
+            AssertTokens("null", JsonToken.Null);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TrueValue()
+        {
+            AssertTokens("true", JsonToken.True);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FalseValue()
+        {
+            AssertTokens("false", JsonToken.False);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SimpleObject()
+        {
+            AssertTokens("{'x': 'y'}",
+                JsonToken.StartObject, JsonToken.Name("x"), JsonToken.Value("y"), JsonToken.EndObject);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("[10, 20", 3)]
+        [TestCase("[10,", 2)]
+        [TestCase("[10:20]", 2)]
+        [TestCase("[", 1)]
+        [TestCase("[,", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{,", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{[", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{{", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{0", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{null", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{false", 1)]
+        [TestCase("{true", 1)]
+        [TestCase("}", 0)]
+        [TestCase("]", 0)]
+        [TestCase(",", 0)]
+        [TestCase("'foo' 'bar'", 1)]
+        [TestCase(":", 0)]
+        [TestCase("'foo", 0)] // Incomplete string
+        [TestCase("{ 'foo' }", 2)]
+        [TestCase("{ x:1", 1)] // Property names must be quoted
+        [TestCase("{]", 1)]
+        [TestCase("[}", 1)]
+        [TestCase("[1,", 2)]
+        [TestCase("{'x':0]", 3)]
+        [TestCase("{ 'foo': }", 2)]
+        [TestCase("{ 'foo':'bar', }", 3)]
+        public void InvalidStructure(string json, int expectedValidTokens)
+        {
+            // Note: we don't test that the earlier tokens are exactly as expected,
+            // partly because that's hard to parameterize.
+            var reader = new StringReader(json.Replace('\'', '"'));
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(reader);
+            for (int i = 0; i < expectedValidTokens; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.IsNotNull(tokenizer.Next());
+            }
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidJsonException>(() => tokenizer.Next());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ArrayMixedType()
+        {
+            AssertTokens("[1, 'foo', null, false, true, [2], {'x':'y' }]",
+                JsonToken.StartArray,
+                JsonToken.Value(1),
+                JsonToken.Value("foo"),
+                JsonToken.Null,
+                JsonToken.False,
+                JsonToken.True,
+                JsonToken.StartArray,
+                JsonToken.Value(2),
+                JsonToken.EndArray,
+                JsonToken.StartObject,
+                JsonToken.Name("x"),
+                JsonToken.Value("y"),
+                JsonToken.EndObject,
+                JsonToken.EndArray);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ObjectMixedType()
+        {
+            AssertTokens(@"{'a': 1, 'b': 'bar', 'c': null, 'd': false, 'e': true,
+                           'f': [2], 'g': {'x':'y' }}",
+                JsonToken.StartObject,
+                JsonToken.Name("a"),
+                JsonToken.Value(1),
+                JsonToken.Name("b"),
+                JsonToken.Value("bar"),
+                JsonToken.Name("c"),
+                JsonToken.Null,
+                JsonToken.Name("d"),
+                JsonToken.False,
+                JsonToken.Name("e"),
+                JsonToken.True,
+                JsonToken.Name("f"),
+                JsonToken.StartArray,
+                JsonToken.Value(2),
+                JsonToken.EndArray,
+                JsonToken.Name("g"),
+                JsonToken.StartObject,
+                JsonToken.Name("x"),
+                JsonToken.Value("y"),
+                JsonToken.EndObject,
+                JsonToken.EndObject);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NextAfterEndDocumentThrows()
+        {
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(new StringReader("null"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.Null, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.EndDocument, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => tokenizer.Next());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CanPushBackEndDocument()
+        {
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(new StringReader("null"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.Null, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.EndDocument, tokenizer.Next());
+            tokenizer.PushBack(JsonToken.EndDocument);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.EndDocument, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => tokenizer.Next());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("{ 'skip': 0, 'next': 1")]
+        [TestCase("{ 'skip': [0, 1, 2], 'next': 1")]
+        [TestCase("{ 'skip': 'x', 'next': 1")]
+        [TestCase("{ 'skip': ['x', 'y'], 'next': 1")]
+        [TestCase("{ 'skip': {'a': 0}, 'next': 1")]
+        [TestCase("{ 'skip': {'a': [0, {'b':[]}]}, 'next': 1")]
+        public void SkipValue(string json)
+        {
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(new StringReader(json.Replace('\'', '"')));
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonToken.StartObject, tokenizer.Next());
+            Assert.AreEqual("skip", tokenizer.Next().StringValue);
+            tokenizer.SkipValue();
+            Assert.AreEqual("next", tokenizer.Next().StringValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Asserts that the specified JSON is tokenized into the given sequence of tokens.
+        /// All apostrophes are first converted to double quotes, allowing any tests
+        /// that don't need to check actual apostrophe handling to use apostrophes in the JSON, avoiding
+        /// messy string literal escaping. The "end document" token is not specified in the list of
+        /// expected tokens, but is implicit.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertTokens(string json, params JsonToken[] expectedTokens)
+        {
+            AssertTokensNoReplacement(json.Replace('\'', '"'), expectedTokens);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Asserts that the specified JSON is tokenized into the given sequence of tokens.
+        /// Unlike <see cref="AssertTokens(string, JsonToken[])"/>, this does not perform any character
+        /// replacement on the specified JSON, and should be used when the text contains apostrophes which
+        /// are expected to be used *as* apostrophes. The "end document" token is not specified in the list of
+        /// expected tokens, but is implicit.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void AssertTokensNoReplacement(string json, params JsonToken[] expectedTokens)
+        {
+            var reader = new StringReader(json);
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(reader);
+            for (int i = 0; i < expectedTokens.Length; i++)
+            {
+                var actualToken = tokenizer.Next();
+                if (actualToken == JsonToken.EndDocument)
+                {
+                    Assert.Fail("Expected {0} but reached end of token stream", expectedTokens[i]);
+                }
+                Assert.AreEqual(expectedTokens[i], actualToken);
+            }
+            var finalToken = tokenizer.Next();
+            if (finalToken != JsonToken.EndDocument)
+            {
+                Assert.Fail("Expected token stream to be exhausted; received {0}", finalToken);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void AssertThrowsAfter(string json, params JsonToken[] expectedTokens)
+        {
+            var reader = new StringReader(json);
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(reader);
+            for (int i = 0; i < expectedTokens.Length; i++)
+            {
+                var actualToken = tokenizer.Next();
+                if (actualToken == JsonToken.EndDocument)
+                {
+                    Assert.Fail("Expected {0} but reached end of document", expectedTokens[i]);
+                }
+                Assert.AreEqual(expectedTokens[i], actualToken);
+            }
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidJsonException>(() => tokenizer.Next());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/CustomOptionsTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/CustomOptionsTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfee5f5d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/CustomOptionsTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos;
+using static Google.Protobuf.WireFormat;
+using static UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.ComplexOptionType2.Types;
+using static UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions;
+using static UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.DummyMessageContainingEnum.Types;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+
+#pragma warning disable CS0618
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Test.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The majority of the testing here is done via parsed descriptors. That's simpler to
+    /// achieve (and more important) than constructing a CodedInputStream manually.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class CustomOptionsTest
+    {
+        delegate bool OptionFetcher<T>(int field, out T value);
+
+        OptionFetcher<E> EnumFetcher<E>(CustomOptions options)
+        {
+            return (int i, out E v) => {
+                if (options.TryGetInt32(i, out int value))
+                {
+                    v = (E)(object)value;
+                    return true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    v = default(E);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ScalarOptions()
+        {
+            var d = CustomOptionOtherValues.Descriptor;
+            var options = d.CustomOptions;
+            AssertOption(-100, options.TryGetInt32, Int32Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(12.3456789f, options.TryGetFloat, FloatOpt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(1.234567890123456789d, options.TryGetDouble, DoubleOpt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption("Hello, \"World\"", options.TryGetString, StringOpt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(ByteString.CopyFromUtf8("Hello\0World"), options.TryGetBytes, BytesOpt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(TestEnumType.TestOptionEnumType2, EnumFetcher<TestEnumType>(options), EnumOpt, d.GetOption);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MessageOptions()
+        {
+            var d = VariousComplexOptions.Descriptor;
+            var options = d.CustomOptions;
+            AssertOption(new ComplexOptionType1 { Foo = 42, Foo4 = { 99, 88 } }, options.TryGetMessage, ComplexOpt1, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(new ComplexOptionType2
+            {
+                Baz = 987,
+                Bar = new ComplexOptionType1 { Foo = 743 },
+                Fred = new ComplexOptionType4 { Waldo = 321 },
+                Barney = { new ComplexOptionType4 { Waldo = 101 }, new ComplexOptionType4 { Waldo = 212 } }
+            },
+                options.TryGetMessage, ComplexOpt2, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(new ComplexOptionType3 { Qux = 9 }, options.TryGetMessage, ComplexOpt3, d.GetOption);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OptionLocations()
+        {
+            var fileOptions = UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.CustomOptions;
+            AssertOption(9876543210UL, fileOptions.TryGetUInt64, FileOpt1, UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.GetOption);
+
+            var messageOptions = TestMessageWithCustomOptions.Descriptor.CustomOptions;
+            AssertOption(-56, messageOptions.TryGetInt32, MessageOpt1, TestMessageWithCustomOptions.Descriptor.GetOption);
+
+            var fieldOptions = TestMessageWithCustomOptions.Descriptor.Fields["field1"].CustomOptions;
+            AssertOption(8765432109UL, fieldOptions.TryGetFixed64, FieldOpt1, TestMessageWithCustomOptions.Descriptor.Fields["field1"].GetOption);
+
+            var oneofOptions = TestMessageWithCustomOptions.Descriptor.Oneofs[0].CustomOptions;
+            AssertOption(-99, oneofOptions.TryGetInt32, OneofOpt1, TestMessageWithCustomOptions.Descriptor.Oneofs[0].GetOption);
+
+            var enumOptions = TestMessageWithCustomOptions.Descriptor.EnumTypes[0].CustomOptions;
+            AssertOption(-789, enumOptions.TryGetSFixed32, EnumOpt1, TestMessageWithCustomOptions.Descriptor.EnumTypes[0].GetOption);
+
+            var enumValueOptions = TestMessageWithCustomOptions.Descriptor.EnumTypes[0].FindValueByNumber(2).CustomOptions;
+            AssertOption(123, enumValueOptions.TryGetInt32, EnumValueOpt1, TestMessageWithCustomOptions.Descriptor.EnumTypes[0].FindValueByNumber(2).GetOption);
+
+            var service = UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Reflection.Descriptor.Services
+                .Single(s => s.Name == "TestServiceWithCustomOptions");
+            var serviceOptions = service.CustomOptions;
+            AssertOption(-9876543210, serviceOptions.TryGetSInt64, ServiceOpt1, service.GetOption);
+
+            var methodOptions = service.Methods[0].CustomOptions;
+            AssertOption(UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.MethodOpt1.Val2, EnumFetcher<UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos.MethodOpt1>(methodOptions), UnittestCustomOptionsProto3Extensions.MethodOpt1, service.Methods[0].GetOption);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MinValues()
+        {
+            var d = CustomOptionMinIntegerValues.Descriptor;
+            var options = d.CustomOptions;
+            AssertOption(false, options.TryGetBool, BoolOpt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(int.MinValue, options.TryGetInt32, Int32Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(long.MinValue, options.TryGetInt64, Int64Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(uint.MinValue, options.TryGetUInt32, Uint32Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(ulong.MinValue, options.TryGetUInt64, Uint64Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(int.MinValue, options.TryGetSInt32, Sint32Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(long.MinValue, options.TryGetSInt64, Sint64Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(uint.MinValue, options.TryGetUInt32, Fixed32Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(ulong.MinValue, options.TryGetUInt64, Fixed64Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(int.MinValue, options.TryGetInt32, Sfixed32Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(long.MinValue, options.TryGetInt64, Sfixed64Opt, d.GetOption);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MaxValues()
+        {
+            var d = CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues.Descriptor;
+            var options = d.CustomOptions;
+            AssertOption(true, options.TryGetBool, BoolOpt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(int.MaxValue, options.TryGetInt32, Int32Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(long.MaxValue, options.TryGetInt64, Int64Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(uint.MaxValue, options.TryGetUInt32, Uint32Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(ulong.MaxValue, options.TryGetUInt64, Uint64Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(int.MaxValue, options.TryGetSInt32, Sint32Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(long.MaxValue, options.TryGetSInt64, Sint64Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(uint.MaxValue, options.TryGetFixed32, Fixed32Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(ulong.MaxValue, options.TryGetFixed64, Fixed64Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(int.MaxValue, options.TryGetSFixed32, Sfixed32Opt, d.GetOption);
+            AssertOption(long.MaxValue, options.TryGetSFixed64, Sfixed64Opt, d.GetOption);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void AggregateOptions()
+        {
+            // Just two examples
+            var messageOptions = AggregateMessage.Descriptor.CustomOptions;
+            AssertOption(new Aggregate { I = 101, S = "MessageAnnotation" }, messageOptions.TryGetMessage, Msgopt, AggregateMessage.Descriptor.GetOption);
+
+            var fieldOptions = AggregateMessage.Descriptor.Fields["fieldname"].CustomOptions;
+            AssertOption(new Aggregate { S = "FieldAnnotation" }, fieldOptions.TryGetMessage, Fieldopt, AggregateMessage.Descriptor.Fields["fieldname"].GetOption);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NoOptions()
+        {
+            var fileDescriptor = UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor;
+            var messageDescriptor = TestAllTypes.Descriptor;
+            Assert.NotNull(fileDescriptor.CustomOptions);
+            Assert.NotNull(messageDescriptor.CustomOptions);
+            Assert.NotNull(messageDescriptor.Fields[1].CustomOptions);
+            Assert.NotNull(fileDescriptor.Services[0].CustomOptions);
+            Assert.NotNull(fileDescriptor.Services[0].Methods[0].CustomOptions);
+            Assert.NotNull(fileDescriptor.EnumTypes[0].CustomOptions);
+            Assert.NotNull(fileDescriptor.EnumTypes[0].Values[0].CustomOptions);
+            Assert.NotNull(TestAllTypes.Descriptor.Oneofs[0].CustomOptions);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MultipleImportOfSameFileWithExtension()
+        {
+            var descriptor = UnittestIssue6936CReflection.Descriptor;
+            var foo = Foo.Descriptor;
+            var bar = Bar.Descriptor;
+            AssertOption("foo", foo.CustomOptions.TryGetString, UnittestIssue6936AExtensions.Opt, foo.GetOption);
+            AssertOption("bar", bar.CustomOptions.TryGetString, UnittestIssue6936AExtensions.Opt, bar.GetOption);
+        }
+
+        private void AssertOption<T, D>(T expected, OptionFetcher<T> fetcher, Extension<D, T> extension, Func<Extension<D, T>, T> descriptorOptionFetcher) where D : IExtendableMessage<D>
+        {
+            T customOptionsValue;
+            T extensionValue = descriptorOptionFetcher(extension);
+            Assert.IsTrue(fetcher(extension.FieldNumber, out customOptionsValue));
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, customOptionsValue);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, extensionValue);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/DescriptorDeclarationTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/DescriptorDeclarationTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9d566724
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/DescriptorDeclarationTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2018 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Test.Reflection
+{
+    // In reality this isn't a test for DescriptorDeclaration so much as the way they're loaded.
+    public class DescriptorDeclarationTest
+    {
+        static readonly FileDescriptor unitTestProto3Descriptor = LoadProtos();
+
+        // Note: we don't expose a declaration for FileDescriptor as it doesn't have comments
+        // at the moment and the locations aren't terribly useful.
+
+        // The tests for most elements are quite basic: we don't test every aspect of every element.
+        // The code within the library falls into two categories:
+        // - Exposing the properties for *any* declaration
+        // - Finding the right declaration for an element from the descriptor data
+        // We have a per-element check to make sure we *are* finding the right declaration, and we
+        // check every property of declarations in at least one test, but we don't have a cross-product.
+        // That would effectively be testing protoc, which seems redundant here.
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ServiceComments()
+        {
+            var service = unitTestProto3Descriptor.FindTypeByName<ServiceDescriptor>("TestService");
+            Assert.NotNull(service.Declaration);
+            Assert.AreEqual(" This is a test service\n", service.Declaration.LeadingComments);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MethodComments()
+        {
+            var service = unitTestProto3Descriptor.FindTypeByName<ServiceDescriptor>("TestService");
+            var method = service.FindMethodByName("Foo");
+            Assert.NotNull(method.Declaration);
+            Assert.AreEqual(" This is a test method\n", method.Declaration.LeadingComments);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MessageComments()
+        {
+            var message = unitTestProto3Descriptor.FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("CommentMessage");
+            Assert.NotNull(message.Declaration);
+            Assert.AreEqual(" This is a leading comment\n", message.Declaration.LeadingComments);
+            Assert.AreEqual(new[] { " This is leading detached comment 1\n", " This is leading detached comment 2\n" },
+                message.Declaration.LeadingDetachedComments);
+        }
+
+        // Note: this test is somewhat brittle; a change earlier in the proto will break it.
+        [Test]
+        public void MessageLocations()
+        {
+            var message = unitTestProto3Descriptor.FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("CommentMessage");
+            Assert.NotNull(message.Declaration);
+            Assert.AreEqual(389, message.Declaration.StartLine);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, message.Declaration.StartColumn);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(404, message.Declaration.EndLine);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, message.Declaration.EndColumn);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EnumComments()
+        {
+            var descriptor = unitTestProto3Descriptor.FindTypeByName<EnumDescriptor>("CommentEnum");
+            Assert.NotNull(descriptor.Declaration);
+            Assert.AreEqual(" Leading enum comment\n", descriptor.Declaration.LeadingComments);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NestedMessageComments()
+        {
+            var outer = unitTestProto3Descriptor.FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("CommentMessage");
+            var nested = outer.FindDescriptor<MessageDescriptor>("NestedCommentMessage");
+            Assert.NotNull(nested.Declaration);
+            Assert.AreEqual(" Leading nested message comment\n", nested.Declaration.LeadingComments);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NestedEnumComments()
+        {
+            var outer = unitTestProto3Descriptor.FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("CommentMessage");
+            var nested = outer.FindDescriptor<EnumDescriptor>("NestedCommentEnum");
+            Assert.NotNull(nested.Declaration);
+            Assert.AreEqual(" Leading nested enum comment\n", nested.Declaration.LeadingComments);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldComments()
+        {
+            var message = unitTestProto3Descriptor.FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("CommentMessage");
+            var field = message.FindFieldByName("text");
+            Assert.NotNull(field.Declaration);
+            Assert.AreEqual(" Leading field comment\n", field.Declaration.LeadingComments);
+            Assert.AreEqual(" Trailing field comment\n", field.Declaration.TrailingComments);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NestedMessageFieldComments()
+        {
+            var outer = unitTestProto3Descriptor.FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("CommentMessage");
+            var nested = outer.FindDescriptor<MessageDescriptor>("NestedCommentMessage");
+            var field = nested.FindFieldByName("nested_text");
+            Assert.NotNull(field.Declaration);
+            Assert.AreEqual(" Leading nested message field comment\n", field.Declaration.LeadingComments);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EnumValueComments()
+        {
+            var enumDescriptor = unitTestProto3Descriptor.FindTypeByName<EnumDescriptor>("CommentEnum");
+            var value = enumDescriptor.FindValueByName("ZERO_VALUE");
+            Assert.NotNull(value.Declaration);
+            Assert.AreEqual(" Zero value comment\n", value.Declaration.LeadingComments);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NestedEnumValueComments()
+        {
+            var outer = unitTestProto3Descriptor.FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("CommentMessage");
+            var nested = outer.FindDescriptor<EnumDescriptor>("NestedCommentEnum");
+            var value = nested.FindValueByName("ZERO_VALUE");
+            Assert.NotNull(value.Declaration);
+            Assert.AreEqual(" Zero value comment\n", value.Declaration.LeadingComments);
+        }
+
+        private static FileDescriptor LoadProtos()
+        {
+            var type = typeof(DescriptorDeclarationTest);
+            // TODO: Make this simpler :)
+            FileDescriptorSet descriptorSet;
+            using (var stream = type.GetTypeInfo().Assembly.GetManifestResourceStream($"Google.Protobuf.Test.testprotos.pb"))
+            {
+                descriptorSet = FileDescriptorSet.Parser.ParseFrom(stream);
+            }
+            var byteStrings = descriptorSet.File.Select(f => f.ToByteString()).ToList();
+            var descriptors = FileDescriptor.BuildFromByteStrings(byteStrings);
+            return descriptors.Single(d => d.Name == "unittest_proto3.proto");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/DescriptorsTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/DescriptorsTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..482db535e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/DescriptorsTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tests for descriptors. (Not in its own namespace or broken up into individual classes as the
+    /// size doesn't warrant it. On the other hand, this makes me feel a bit dirty...)
+    /// </summary>
+    public class DescriptorsTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void FileDescriptor_GeneratedCode()
+        {
+            TestFileDescriptor(
+                UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor,
+                UnittestImportProto3Reflection.Descriptor,
+                UnittestImportPublicProto3Reflection.Descriptor);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FileDescriptor_BuildFromByteStrings()
+        {
+            // The descriptors have to be supplied in an order such that all the
+            // dependencies come before the descriptors depending on them.
+            var descriptorData = new List<ByteString>
+            {
+                UnittestImportPublicProto3Reflection.Descriptor.SerializedData,
+                UnittestImportProto3Reflection.Descriptor.SerializedData,
+                UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.SerializedData
+            };
+            var converted = FileDescriptor.BuildFromByteStrings(descriptorData);
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, converted.Count);
+            TestFileDescriptor(converted[2], converted[1], converted[0]);
+        }
+
+        private void TestFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor file, FileDescriptor importedFile, FileDescriptor importedPublicFile)
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual("unittest_proto3.proto", file.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest3", file.Package);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("UnittestProto", file.Proto.Options.JavaOuterClassname);
+            Assert.AreEqual("unittest_proto3.proto", file.Proto.Name);
+
+            // unittest_proto3.proto doesn't have any public imports, but unittest_import_proto3.proto does.
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, file.PublicDependencies.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, importedFile.PublicDependencies.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(importedPublicFile, importedFile.PublicDependencies[0]);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, file.Dependencies.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(importedFile, file.Dependencies[0]);
+
+            Assert.Null(file.FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("NoSuchType"));
+            Assert.Null(file.FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("protobuf_unittest3.TestAllTypes"));
+            for (int i = 0; i < file.MessageTypes.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(i, file.MessageTypes[i].Index);
+            }
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(file.EnumTypes[0], file.FindTypeByName<EnumDescriptor>("ForeignEnum"));
+            Assert.Null(file.FindTypeByName<EnumDescriptor>("NoSuchType"));
+            Assert.Null(file.FindTypeByName<EnumDescriptor>("protobuf_unittest3.ForeignEnum"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, importedFile.EnumTypes.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("ImportEnum", importedFile.EnumTypes[0].Name);
+            for (int i = 0; i < file.EnumTypes.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(i, file.EnumTypes[i].Index);
+            }
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, file.SerializedData[0]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FileDescriptor_NonRootPath()
+        {
+            // unittest_proto3.proto used to be in google/protobuf. Now it's in the C#-specific location,
+            // let's test something that's still in a directory.
+            FileDescriptor file = UnittestWellKnownTypesReflection.Descriptor;
+            Assert.AreEqual("google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto", file.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest", file.Package);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FileDescriptor_BuildFromByteStrings_MissingDependency()
+        {
+            var descriptorData = new List<ByteString>
+            {
+                UnittestImportProto3Reflection.Descriptor.SerializedData,
+                UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.SerializedData,
+            };
+            // This will fail, because we're missing UnittestImportPublicProto3Reflection
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => FileDescriptor.BuildFromByteStrings(descriptorData));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FileDescriptor_BuildFromByteStrings_DuplicateNames()
+        {
+            var descriptorData = new List<ByteString>
+            {
+                UnittestImportPublicProto3Reflection.Descriptor.SerializedData,
+                UnittestImportPublicProto3Reflection.Descriptor.SerializedData,
+            };
+            // This will fail due to the same name being used twice
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => FileDescriptor.BuildFromByteStrings(descriptorData));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FileDescriptor_BuildFromByteStrings_IncorrectOrder()
+        {
+            var descriptorData = new List<ByteString>
+            {
+                UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.SerializedData,
+                UnittestImportPublicProto3Reflection.Descriptor.SerializedData,
+                UnittestImportProto3Reflection.Descriptor.SerializedData
+            };
+            // This will fail, because the dependencies should come first
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => FileDescriptor.BuildFromByteStrings(descriptorData));
+
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MessageDescriptorFromGeneratedCodeFileDescriptor()
+        {
+            var file = UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor;
+
+            MessageDescriptor messageType = TestAllTypes.Descriptor;
+            Assert.AreSame(typeof(TestAllTypes), messageType.ClrType);
+            Assert.AreSame(TestAllTypes.Parser, messageType.Parser);
+            Assert.AreEqual(messageType, file.MessageTypes[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(messageType, file.FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("TestAllTypes"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MessageDescriptor()
+        {
+            MessageDescriptor messageType = TestAllTypes.Descriptor;
+            MessageDescriptor nestedType = TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage.Descriptor;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("TestAllTypes", messageType.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest3.TestAllTypes", messageType.FullName);
+            Assert.AreEqual(UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor, messageType.File);
+            Assert.IsNull(messageType.ContainingType);
+            Assert.IsNull(messageType.Proto.Options);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("TestAllTypes", messageType.Name);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("NestedMessage", nestedType.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest3.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage", nestedType.FullName);
+            Assert.AreEqual(UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor, nestedType.File);
+            Assert.AreEqual(messageType, nestedType.ContainingType);
+
+            FieldDescriptor field = messageType.Fields.InDeclarationOrder()[0];
+            Assert.AreEqual("single_int32", field.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(field, messageType.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("single_int32"));
+            Assert.Null(messageType.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("no_such_field"));
+            Assert.AreEqual(field, messageType.FindFieldByNumber(1));
+            Assert.Null(messageType.FindFieldByNumber(571283));
+            var fieldsInDeclarationOrder = messageType.Fields.InDeclarationOrder();
+            for (int i = 0; i < fieldsInDeclarationOrder.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(i, fieldsInDeclarationOrder[i].Index);
+            }
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(nestedType, messageType.NestedTypes[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(nestedType, messageType.FindDescriptor<MessageDescriptor>("NestedMessage"));
+            Assert.Null(messageType.FindDescriptor<MessageDescriptor>("NoSuchType"));
+            for (int i = 0; i < messageType.NestedTypes.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(i, messageType.NestedTypes[i].Index);
+            }
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(messageType.EnumTypes[0], messageType.FindDescriptor<EnumDescriptor>("NestedEnum"));
+            Assert.Null(messageType.FindDescriptor<EnumDescriptor>("NoSuchType"));
+            for (int i = 0; i < messageType.EnumTypes.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(i, messageType.EnumTypes[i].Index);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldDescriptor_GeneratedCode()
+        {
+            TestFieldDescriptor(UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor, TestAllTypes.Descriptor, ForeignMessage.Descriptor, ImportMessage.Descriptor);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldDescriptor_BuildFromByteStrings()
+        {
+            // The descriptors have to be supplied in an order such that all the
+            // dependencies come before the descriptors depending on them.
+            var descriptorData = new List<ByteString>
+            {
+                UnittestImportPublicProto3Reflection.Descriptor.SerializedData,
+                UnittestImportProto3Reflection.Descriptor.SerializedData,
+                UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.SerializedData
+            };
+            var converted = FileDescriptor.BuildFromByteStrings(descriptorData);
+            TestFieldDescriptor(
+                converted[2],
+                converted[2].FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("TestAllTypes"),
+                converted[2].FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("ForeignMessage"),
+                converted[1].FindTypeByName<MessageDescriptor>("ImportMessage"));
+        }
+
+        public void TestFieldDescriptor(
+            FileDescriptor unitTestProto3Descriptor,
+            MessageDescriptor testAllTypesDescriptor,
+            MessageDescriptor foreignMessageDescriptor,
+            MessageDescriptor importMessageDescriptor)
+        {
+            FieldDescriptor primitiveField = testAllTypesDescriptor.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("single_int32");
+            FieldDescriptor enumField = testAllTypesDescriptor.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("single_nested_enum");
+            FieldDescriptor foreignMessageField = testAllTypesDescriptor.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("single_foreign_message");
+            FieldDescriptor importMessageField = testAllTypesDescriptor.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("single_import_message");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("single_int32", primitiveField.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest3.TestAllTypes.single_int32",
+                            primitiveField.FullName);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, primitiveField.FieldNumber);
+            Assert.AreEqual(testAllTypesDescriptor, primitiveField.ContainingType);
+            Assert.AreEqual(unitTestProto3Descriptor, primitiveField.File);
+            Assert.AreEqual(FieldType.Int32, primitiveField.FieldType);
+            Assert.IsNull(primitiveField.Proto.Options);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("single_nested_enum", enumField.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(FieldType.Enum, enumField.FieldType);
+            Assert.AreEqual(testAllTypesDescriptor.EnumTypes[0], enumField.EnumType);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("single_foreign_message", foreignMessageField.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(FieldType.Message, foreignMessageField.FieldType);
+            Assert.AreEqual(foreignMessageDescriptor, foreignMessageField.MessageType);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("single_import_message", importMessageField.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(FieldType.Message, importMessageField.FieldType);
+            Assert.AreEqual(importMessageDescriptor, importMessageField.MessageType);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldDescriptorLabel()
+        {
+            FieldDescriptor singleField =
+                TestAllTypes.Descriptor.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("single_int32");
+            FieldDescriptor repeatedField =
+                TestAllTypes.Descriptor.FindDescriptor<FieldDescriptor>("repeated_int32");
+
+            Assert.IsFalse(singleField.IsRepeated);
+            Assert.IsTrue(repeatedField.IsRepeated);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EnumDescriptor()
+        {
+            // Note: this test is a bit different to the Java version because there's no static way of getting to the descriptor
+            EnumDescriptor enumType = UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor.FindTypeByName<EnumDescriptor>("ForeignEnum");
+            EnumDescriptor nestedType = TestAllTypes.Descriptor.FindDescriptor<EnumDescriptor>("NestedEnum");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("ForeignEnum", enumType.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest3.ForeignEnum", enumType.FullName);
+            Assert.AreEqual(UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor, enumType.File);
+            Assert.Null(enumType.ContainingType);
+            Assert.Null(enumType.Proto.Options);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("NestedEnum", nestedType.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest3.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum",
+                            nestedType.FullName);
+            Assert.AreEqual(UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor, nestedType.File);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestAllTypes.Descriptor, nestedType.ContainingType);
+
+            EnumValueDescriptor value = enumType.FindValueByName("FOREIGN_FOO");
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, enumType.Values[1]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("FOREIGN_FOO", value.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, value.Number);
+            Assert.AreEqual((int) ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo, value.Number);
+            Assert.AreEqual(value, enumType.FindValueByNumber(4));
+            Assert.Null(enumType.FindValueByName("NO_SUCH_VALUE"));
+            for (int i = 0; i < enumType.Values.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(i, enumType.Values[i].Index);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void OneofDescriptor()
+        {
+            OneofDescriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.Descriptor.FindDescriptor<OneofDescriptor>("oneof_field");
+            Assert.AreEqual("oneof_field", descriptor.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual("protobuf_unittest3.TestAllTypes.oneof_field", descriptor.FullName);
+
+            var expectedFields = new[] {
+                TestAllTypes.OneofBytesFieldNumber,
+                TestAllTypes.OneofNestedMessageFieldNumber,
+                TestAllTypes.OneofStringFieldNumber,
+                TestAllTypes.OneofUint32FieldNumber }
+                .Select(fieldNumber => TestAllTypes.Descriptor.FindFieldByNumber(fieldNumber))
+                .ToList();
+            foreach (var field in expectedFields)
+            {
+                Assert.AreSame(descriptor, field.ContainingOneof);
+            }
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(expectedFields, descriptor.Fields);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapEntryMessageDescriptor()
+        {
+            var descriptor = MapWellKnownTypes.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0];
+            Assert.IsNull(descriptor.Parser);
+            Assert.IsNull(descriptor.ClrType);
+            Assert.IsNull(descriptor.Fields[1].Accessor);
+        }
+
+        // From TestFieldOrdering:
+        // string my_string = 11;
+        // int64 my_int = 1;
+        // float my_float = 101;
+        // NestedMessage single_nested_message = 200;
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldListOrderings()
+        {
+            var fields = TestFieldOrderings.Descriptor.Fields;
+            Assert.AreEqual(new[] { 11, 1, 101, 200 }, fields.InDeclarationOrder().Select(x => x.FieldNumber));
+            Assert.AreEqual(new[] { 1, 11, 101, 200 }, fields.InFieldNumberOrder().Select(x => x.FieldNumber));
+        }
+
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DescriptorProtoFileDescriptor()
+        {
+            var descriptor = Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileDescriptor.DescriptorProtoFileDescriptor;
+            Assert.AreEqual("google/protobuf/descriptor.proto", descriptor.Name);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DescriptorImportingExtensionsFromOldCodeGen()
+        {
+            // The extension collection includes a null extension. There's not a lot we can do about that
+            // in itself, as the old generator didn't provide us the extension information.
+            var extensions = TestProtos.OldGenerator.OldExtensions2Reflection.Descriptor.Extensions;
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, extensions.UnorderedExtensions.Count);
+            // Note: this assertion is present so that it will fail if OldExtensions2 is regenerated
+            // with a new generator.
+            Assert.Null(extensions.UnorderedExtensions[0].Extension);
+
+            // ... but we can make sure we at least don't cause a failure when retrieving descriptors.
+            // In particular, old_extensions1.proto imports old_extensions2.proto, and this used to cause
+            // an execution-time failure.
+            var importingDescriptor = TestProtos.OldGenerator.OldExtensions1Reflection.Descriptor;
+            Assert.NotNull(importingDescriptor);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/FieldAccessTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/FieldAccessTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9651ec30d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/FieldAccessTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using Proto2 = Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+using static Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestExtensions;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    public class FieldAccessTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void GetValue()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var fields = TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Descriptor.Fields;
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleBool, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleBoolFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleBytes, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleBytesFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleDouble, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleDoubleFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleFixed32, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleFixed32FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleFixed64, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleFixed64FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleFloat, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleFloatFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleForeignEnum, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleForeignEnumFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleForeignMessage, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleForeignMessageFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleImportEnum, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleImportEnumFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleImportMessage, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleImportMessageFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleInt32, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleInt32FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleInt64, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleInt64FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleNestedEnum, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleNestedEnumFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleNestedMessage, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleNestedMessageFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SinglePublicImportMessage, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SinglePublicImportMessageFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleSint32, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleSint32FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleSint64, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleSint64FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleString, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleStringFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleSfixed32, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleSfixed32FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleSfixed64, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleSfixed64FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleUint32, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleUint32FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.SingleUint64, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleUint64FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.OneofBytes, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.OneofBytesFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.OneofString, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.OneofStringFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.OneofNestedMessage, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.OneofNestedMessageFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.OneofUint32, fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.OneofUint32FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+
+            // Just one example for repeated fields - they're all just returning the list
+            var list = (IList) fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.RepeatedInt32FieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.RepeatedInt32, list);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.RepeatedInt32[0], list[0]); // Just in case there was any doubt...
+
+            // Just a single map field, for the same reason
+            var mapMessage = new TestMap { MapStringString = { { "key1", "value1" }, { "key2", "value2" } } };
+            fields = TestMap.Descriptor.Fields;
+            var dictionary = (IDictionary) fields[TestMap.MapStringStringFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(mapMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(mapMessage.MapStringString, dictionary);
+            Assert.AreEqual("value1", dictionary["key1"]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetValue_IncorrectType()
+        {
+            IMessage message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var fields = message.Descriptor.Fields;
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidCastException>(() => fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleBoolFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(new TestMap()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void HasValue_Proto3()
+        {
+            IMessage message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var fields = message.Descriptor.Fields;
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleBoolFieldNumber].Accessor.HasValue(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void HasValue()
+        {
+            IMessage message = new Proto2.TestAllTypes();
+            var fields = message.Descriptor.Fields;
+            var accessor = fields[Proto2.TestAllTypes.OptionalBoolFieldNumber].Accessor;
+
+            Assert.False(accessor.HasValue(message));
+
+            accessor.SetValue(message, true);
+            Assert.True(accessor.HasValue(message));
+
+            accessor.Clear(message);
+            Assert.False(accessor.HasValue(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SetValue_SingleFields()
+        {
+            // Just a sample (primitives, messages, enums, strings, byte strings)
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var fields = TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Descriptor.Fields;
+            fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleBoolFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, false);
+            fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleInt32FieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, 500);
+            fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleStringFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, "It's a string");
+            fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleBytesFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, ByteString.CopyFrom(99, 98, 97));
+            fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleForeignEnumFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo);
+            fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleForeignMessageFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, new ForeignMessage { C = 12345 });
+            fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleDoubleFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, 20150701.5);
+
+            var expected = new TestAllTypes(SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes())
+            {
+                SingleBool = false,
+                SingleInt32 = 500,
+                SingleString = "It's a string",
+                SingleBytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(99, 98, 97),
+                SingleForeignEnum = ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo,
+                SingleForeignMessage = new ForeignMessage { C = 12345 },
+                SingleDouble = 20150701.5
+            };
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, message);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SetValue_SingleFields_WrongType()
+        {
+            IMessage message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var fields = message.Descriptor.Fields;
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidCastException>(() => fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleBoolFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, "This isn't a bool"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SetValue_MapFields()
+        {
+            IMessage message = new TestMap();
+            var fields = message.Descriptor.Fields;
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => fields[TestMap.MapStringStringFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, new Dictionary<string, string>()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SetValue_RepeatedFields()
+        {
+            IMessage message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var fields = message.Descriptor.Fields;
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.RepeatedDoubleFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, new double[10]));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Oneof()
+        {
+            var message = new TestAllTypes();
+            var descriptor = TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Descriptor;
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, descriptor.Oneofs.Count);
+            var oneof = descriptor.Oneofs[0];
+            Assert.AreEqual("oneof_field", oneof.Name);
+            Assert.IsNull(oneof.Accessor.GetCaseFieldDescriptor(message));
+
+            message.OneofString = "foo";
+            Assert.AreSame(descriptor.Fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.OneofStringFieldNumber], oneof.Accessor.GetCaseFieldDescriptor(message));
+
+            message.OneofUint32 = 10;
+            Assert.AreSame(descriptor.Fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.OneofUint32FieldNumber], oneof.Accessor.GetCaseFieldDescriptor(message));
+
+            oneof.Accessor.Clear(message);
+            Assert.AreEqual(TestProtos.TestAllTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.None, message.OneofFieldCase);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var fields = TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Descriptor.Fields;
+            fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleBoolFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+            fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleInt32FieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+            fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleStringFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+            fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleBytesFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+            fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleForeignEnumFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+            fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleForeignMessageFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+            fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.RepeatedDoubleFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+
+            var expected = new TestAllTypes(SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes())
+            {
+                SingleBool = false,
+                SingleInt32 = 0,
+                SingleString = "",
+                SingleBytes = ByteString.Empty,
+                SingleForeignEnum = 0,
+                SingleForeignMessage = null,
+            };
+            expected.RepeatedDouble.Clear();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, message);
+
+            // Separately, maps.
+            var mapMessage = new TestMap { MapStringString = { { "key1", "value1" }, { "key2", "value2" } } };
+            fields = TestMap.Descriptor.Fields;
+            fields[TestMap.MapStringStringFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(mapMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, mapMessage.MapStringString.Count);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldDescriptor_ByName()
+        {
+            var descriptor = TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Descriptor;
+            Assert.AreSame(
+                descriptor.Fields[TestProtos.TestAllTypes.SingleBoolFieldNumber],
+                descriptor.Fields["single_bool"]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FieldDescriptor_NotFound()
+        {
+            var descriptor = TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Descriptor;
+            Assert.Throws<KeyNotFoundException>(() => descriptor.Fields[999999].ToString());
+            Assert.Throws<KeyNotFoundException>(() => descriptor.Fields["not found"].ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetExtensionValue()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllExtensions();
+
+            // test that the reflector works, since the reflector just runs through IExtendableMessage
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.GetExtension(OptionalBoolExtension), Proto2.TestAllExtensions.Descriptor.FindFieldByNumber(OptionalBoolExtension.FieldNumber).Accessor.GetValue(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetRepeatedExtensionValue()
+        {
+            // check to make sure repeated accessor uses GetOrRegister
+            var message = new Proto2.TestAllExtensions();
+
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedBoolExtension));
+            Assert.IsNotNull(Proto2.TestAllExtensions.Descriptor.FindFieldByNumber(RepeatedBoolExtension.FieldNumber).Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.IsNotNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedBoolExtension));
+
+            message.ClearExtension(RepeatedBoolExtension);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.GetExtension(RepeatedBoolExtension));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/TypeRegistryTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/TypeRegistryTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5be7ca236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/Reflection/TypeRegistryTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    public class TypeRegistryTest
+    {
+        // Most of our tests use messages. Simple test that we really can use files...
+        [Test]
+        public void CreateWithFileDescriptor()
+        {
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromFiles(DurationReflection.Descriptor, StructReflection.Descriptor);
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, Duration.Descriptor);
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, ListValue.Descriptor);
+            AssertDescriptorAbsent(registry, Timestamp.Descriptor);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TypesFromSameFile()
+        {
+            // Just for kicks, let's start with a nested type
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage.Descriptor);
+            // Top-level...
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, TestFieldOrderings.Descriptor);
+            // ... and nested (not the same as the original NestedMessage!)
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, TestFieldOrderings.Types.NestedMessage.Descriptor);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DependenciesAreIncluded()
+        {
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromMessages(TestAllTypes.Descriptor);
+            // Direct dependencies
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, ImportMessage.Descriptor);
+            // Public dependencies
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, PublicImportMessage.Descriptor);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DuplicateFiles()
+        {
+            // Duplicates via dependencies and simply via repetition
+            var registry = TypeRegistry.FromFiles(
+                UnittestProto3Reflection.Descriptor, UnittestImportProto3Reflection.Descriptor,
+                TimestampReflection.Descriptor, TimestampReflection.Descriptor);
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, TestAllTypes.Descriptor);
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, ImportMessage.Descriptor);
+            AssertDescriptorPresent(registry, Timestamp.Descriptor);
+        }
+
+        private static void AssertDescriptorPresent(TypeRegistry registry, MessageDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            Assert.AreSame(descriptor, registry.Find(descriptor.FullName));
+        }
+
+        private static void AssertDescriptorAbsent(TypeRegistry registry, MessageDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            Assert.IsNull(registry.Find(descriptor.FullName));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleEnum.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleEnum.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44f232a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleEnum.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    // Just a sample enum with positive and negative values to be used in tests.
+    internal enum SampleEnum
+    {
+        NegativeValue = -2,
+        None = 0,
+        PositiveValue = 3
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleMessages.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleMessages.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03a20d668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleMessages.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using Proto2 = Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2;
+
+using static Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2.UnittestExtensions;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Helper methods to create sample instances of types generated from unit test messages.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class SampleMessages
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new sample TestAllTypes message with all fields populated.
+        /// The "oneof" field is populated with the string property (OneofString).
+        /// </summary>
+        public static TestAllTypes CreateFullTestAllTypes()
+        {
+            return new TestAllTypes
+            {
+                SingleBool = true,
+                SingleBytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4),
+                SingleDouble = 23.5,
+                SingleFixed32 = 23,
+                SingleFixed64 = 1234567890123,
+                SingleFloat = 12.25f,
+                SingleForeignEnum = ForeignEnum.ForeignBar,
+                SingleForeignMessage = new ForeignMessage { C = 10 },
+                SingleImportEnum = ImportEnum.ImportBaz,
+                SingleImportMessage = new ImportMessage { D = 20 },
+                SingleInt32 = 100,
+                SingleInt64 = 3210987654321,
+                SingleNestedEnum = TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo,
+                SingleNestedMessage = new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 35 },
+                SinglePublicImportMessage = new PublicImportMessage { E = 54 },
+                SingleSfixed32 = -123,
+                SingleSfixed64 = -12345678901234,
+                SingleSint32 = -456,
+                SingleSint64 = -12345678901235,
+                SingleString = "test",
+                SingleUint32 = UInt32.MaxValue,
+                SingleUint64 = UInt64.MaxValue,
+                RepeatedBool = { true, false },
+                RepeatedBytes = { ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4), ByteString.CopyFrom(5, 6), ByteString.CopyFrom(new byte[1000]) },
+                RepeatedDouble = { -12.25, 23.5 },
+                RepeatedFixed32 = { UInt32.MaxValue, 23 },
+                RepeatedFixed64 = { UInt64.MaxValue, 1234567890123 },
+                RepeatedFloat = { 100f, 12.25f },
+                RepeatedForeignEnum = { ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo, ForeignEnum.ForeignBar },
+                RepeatedForeignMessage = { new ForeignMessage(), new ForeignMessage { C = 10 } },
+                RepeatedImportEnum = { ImportEnum.ImportBaz, ImportEnum.Unspecified },
+                RepeatedImportMessage = { new ImportMessage { D = 20 }, new ImportMessage { D = 25 } },
+                RepeatedInt32 = { 100, 200 },
+                RepeatedInt64 = { 3210987654321, Int64.MaxValue },
+                RepeatedNestedEnum = { TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo, TestProtos.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Neg },
+                RepeatedNestedMessage = { new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 35 }, new TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 10 } },
+                RepeatedPublicImportMessage = { new PublicImportMessage { E = 54 }, new PublicImportMessage { E = -1 } },
+                RepeatedSfixed32 = { -123, 123 },
+                RepeatedSfixed64 = { -12345678901234, 12345678901234 },
+                RepeatedSint32 = { -456, 100 },
+                RepeatedSint64 = { -12345678901235, 123 },
+                RepeatedString = { "foo", "bar" },
+                RepeatedUint32 = { UInt32.MaxValue, UInt32.MinValue },
+                RepeatedUint64 = { UInt64.MaxValue, UInt32.MinValue },
+                OneofString = "Oneof string"
+            };
+        }
+
+        public static Proto2.TestAllTypes CreateFullTestAllTypesProto2()
+        {
+            return new Proto2.TestAllTypes
+            {
+                OptionalBool = true,
+                OptionalBytes = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4),
+                OptionalDouble = 23.5,
+                OptionalFixed32 = 23,
+                OptionalFixed64 = 1234567890123,
+                OptionalFloat = 12.25f,
+                OptionalForeignEnum = Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignBar,
+                OptionalForeignMessage = new Proto2.ForeignMessage { C = 10 },
+                OptionalImportEnum = Proto2.ImportEnum.ImportBaz,
+                OptionalImportMessage = new Proto2.ImportMessage { D = 20 },
+                OptionalInt32 = 100,
+                OptionalInt64 = 3210987654321,
+                OptionalNestedEnum = Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo,
+                OptionalNestedMessage = new Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 35 },
+                OptionalPublicImportMessage = new Proto2.PublicImportMessage { E = 54 },
+                OptionalSfixed32 = -123,
+                OptionalSfixed64 = -12345678901234,
+                OptionalSint32 = -456,
+                OptionalSint64 = -12345678901235,
+                OptionalString = "test",
+                OptionalUint32 = UInt32.MaxValue,
+                OptionalUint64 = UInt64.MaxValue,
+                OptionalGroup = new Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.OptionalGroup { A = 10 },
+                RepeatedBool = { true, false },
+                RepeatedBytes = { ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4), ByteString.CopyFrom(5, 6), ByteString.CopyFrom(new byte[1000]) },
+                RepeatedDouble = { -12.25, 23.5 },
+                RepeatedFixed32 = { UInt32.MaxValue, 23 },
+                RepeatedFixed64 = { UInt64.MaxValue, 1234567890123 },
+                RepeatedFloat = { 100f, 12.25f },
+                RepeatedForeignEnum = { Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo, Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignBar },
+                RepeatedForeignMessage = { new Proto2.ForeignMessage(), new Proto2.ForeignMessage { C = 10 } },
+                RepeatedImportEnum = { Proto2.ImportEnum.ImportBaz, Proto2.ImportEnum.ImportFoo },
+                RepeatedImportMessage = { new Proto2.ImportMessage { D = 20 }, new Proto2.ImportMessage { D = 25 } },
+                RepeatedInt32 = { 100, 200 },
+                RepeatedInt64 = { 3210987654321, Int64.MaxValue },
+                RepeatedNestedEnum = { Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo, Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Neg },
+                RepeatedNestedMessage = { new Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 35 }, new Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 10 } },
+                RepeatedSfixed32 = { -123, 123 },
+                RepeatedSfixed64 = { -12345678901234, 12345678901234 },
+                RepeatedSint32 = { -456, 100 },
+                RepeatedSint64 = { -12345678901235, 123 },
+                RepeatedString = { "foo", "bar" },
+                RepeatedUint32 = { UInt32.MaxValue, UInt32.MinValue },
+                RepeatedUint64 = { UInt64.MaxValue, UInt32.MinValue },
+                RepeatedGroup = { new Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.RepeatedGroup { A = 10 }, new Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.RepeatedGroup { A = 20 } },
+                OneofString = "Oneof string"
+            };
+        }
+
+        public static Proto2.TestAllExtensions CreateFullTestAllExtensions()
+        {
+            var message = new Proto2.TestAllExtensions();
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalBoolExtension, true);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalBytesExtension, ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4));
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalDoubleExtension, 23.5);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalFixed32Extension, 23u);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalFixed64Extension, 1234567890123u);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalFloatExtension, 12.25f);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalForeignEnumExtension, Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignBar);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalForeignMessageExtension, new Proto2.ForeignMessage { C = 10 });
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalImportEnumExtension, Proto2.ImportEnum.ImportBaz);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalImportMessageExtension, new Proto2.ImportMessage { D = 20 });
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalInt32Extension, 100);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalInt64Extension, 3210987654321);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalNestedEnumExtension, Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalNestedMessageExtension, new Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 35 });
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalPublicImportMessageExtension, new Proto2.PublicImportMessage { E = 54 });
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalSfixed32Extension, -123);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalSfixed64Extension, -12345678901234);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalSint32Extension, -456);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalSint64Extension, -12345678901235);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalStringExtension, "test");
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalUint32Extension, UInt32.MaxValue);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalUint64Extension, UInt64.MaxValue);
+            message.SetExtension(OptionalGroupExtension, new Proto2.OptionalGroup_extension { A = 10 });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedBoolExtension).AddRange(new[] { true, false });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedBytesExtension).AddRange(new[] { ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3, 4), ByteString.CopyFrom(5, 6), ByteString.CopyFrom(new byte[1000]) });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedDoubleExtension).AddRange(new[] { -12.25, 23.5 });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedFixed32Extension).AddRange(new[] { UInt32.MaxValue, 23u });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedFixed64Extension).AddRange(new[] { UInt64.MaxValue, 1234567890123ul });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedFloatExtension).AddRange(new[] { 100f, 12.25f });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedForeignEnumExtension).AddRange(new[] { Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignFoo, Proto2.ForeignEnum.ForeignBar });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedForeignMessageExtension).AddRange(new[] { new Proto2.ForeignMessage(), new Proto2.ForeignMessage { C = 10 } });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedImportEnumExtension).AddRange(new[] { Proto2.ImportEnum.ImportBaz, Proto2.ImportEnum.ImportFoo });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedImportMessageExtension).AddRange(new[] { new Proto2.ImportMessage { D = 20 }, new Proto2.ImportMessage { D = 25 } });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedInt32Extension).AddRange(new[] { 100, 200 });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedInt64Extension).AddRange(new[] { 3210987654321, Int64.MaxValue });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedNestedEnumExtension).AddRange(new[] { Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Foo, Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedEnum.Neg });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedNestedMessageExtension).AddRange(new[] { new Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 35 }, new Proto2.TestAllTypes.Types.NestedMessage { Bb = 10 } });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedSfixed32Extension).AddRange(new[] { -123, 123 });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedSfixed64Extension).AddRange(new[] { -12345678901234, 12345678901234 });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedSint32Extension).AddRange(new[] { -456, 100 });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedSint64Extension).AddRange(new[] { -12345678901235, 123 });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedStringExtension).AddRange(new[] { "foo", "bar" });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedUint32Extension).AddRange(new[] { UInt32.MaxValue, UInt32.MinValue });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedUint64Extension).AddRange(new[] { UInt64.MaxValue, UInt32.MinValue });
+            message.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedGroupExtension).AddRange(new[] { new Proto2.RepeatedGroup_extension { A = 10 }, new Proto2.RepeatedGroup_extension { A = 20 } });
+            message.SetExtension(OneofStringExtension, "Oneof string");
+            return message;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleNaNs.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleNaNs.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34019ac1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/SampleNaNs.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Samples of different not-a-number values, for testing equality comparisons.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class SampleNaNs
+    {
+        public static double Regular { get; } = double.NaN;
+
+        // Signalling bit is inverted compared with double.NaN. Doesn't really matter
+        // whether that makes it quiet or signalling - it's different.
+        public static double SignallingFlipped { get; } =
+            BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble(BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(double.NaN) ^ -0x8000_0000_0000_0000L);
+
+        // A bit in the middle of the mantissa is flipped; this difference is preserved when casting to float.
+        public static double PayloadFlipped { get; } =
+            BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble(BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(double.NaN) ^ 0x1_0000_0000L);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/TestCornerCases.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/TestCornerCases.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..248f5fa91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/TestCornerCases.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+    
+using UnitTest.Issues.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class TestCornerCases
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void TestRoundTripNegativeEnums()
+        {
+            NegativeEnumMessage msg = new NegativeEnumMessage
+            {
+                Value = NegativeEnum.MinusOne,
+                Values = { NegativeEnum.Zero, NegativeEnum.MinusOne, NegativeEnum.FiveBelow },
+                PackedValues = { NegativeEnum.Zero, NegativeEnum.MinusOne, NegativeEnum.FiveBelow }
+            };
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(58, msg.CalculateSize());
+
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[58];
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(bytes);
+
+            msg.WriteTo(output);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, output.SpaceLeft);
+
+            NegativeEnumMessage copy = NegativeEnumMessage.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(msg, copy);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/UnknownFieldSetTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/UnknownFieldSetTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..886937d70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/UnknownFieldSetTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using Proto2 = Google.Protobuf.TestProtos.Proto2;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    public class UnknownFieldSetTest
+    {
+        public class Data
+        {
+            public static System.Collections.IEnumerable Messages
+            {
+                get
+                {
+                    yield return SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypesProto2();
+                    yield return SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void EmptyUnknownFieldSet()
+        {
+            UnknownFieldSet unknownFields = new UnknownFieldSet();
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, unknownFields.CalculateSize());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MergeUnknownFieldSet()
+        {
+            UnknownFieldSet unknownFields = new UnknownFieldSet();
+            UnknownField field = new UnknownField();
+            field.AddFixed32(123);
+            unknownFields.AddOrReplaceField(1, field);
+            UnknownFieldSet otherUnknownFields = new UnknownFieldSet();
+            Assert.IsFalse(otherUnknownFields.HasField(1));
+            UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(otherUnknownFields, unknownFields);
+            Assert.IsTrue(otherUnknownFields.HasField(1));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCaseSource(typeof(Data), "Messages")]
+        public void TestMergeCodedInput(IMessage message)
+        {
+            var emptyMessage = new TestEmptyMessage();
+            emptyMessage.MergeFrom(message.ToByteArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.CalculateSize(), emptyMessage.CalculateSize());
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.ToByteArray(), emptyMessage.ToByteArray());
+
+            var newMessage = message.Descriptor.Parser.ParseFrom(emptyMessage.ToByteArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, newMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.CalculateSize(), newMessage.CalculateSize());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCaseSource(typeof(Data), "Messages")]
+        public void TestMergeMessage(IMessage message)
+        {
+            var emptyMessage = new TestEmptyMessage();
+            var otherEmptyMessage = new TestEmptyMessage();
+            emptyMessage.MergeFrom(message.ToByteArray());
+            otherEmptyMessage.MergeFrom(emptyMessage);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.CalculateSize(), otherEmptyMessage.CalculateSize());
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.ToByteArray(), otherEmptyMessage.ToByteArray());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCaseSource(typeof(Data), "Messages")]
+        public void TestEquals(IMessage message)
+        {
+            var emptyMessage = new TestEmptyMessage();
+            var otherEmptyMessage = new TestEmptyMessage();
+            Assert.AreEqual(emptyMessage, otherEmptyMessage);
+            emptyMessage.MergeFrom(message.ToByteArray());
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(emptyMessage.CalculateSize(),
+                               otherEmptyMessage.CalculateSize());
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(emptyMessage, otherEmptyMessage);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCaseSource(typeof(Data), "Messages")]
+        public void TestHashCode(IMessage message)
+        {
+            var emptyMessage = new TestEmptyMessage();
+            int hashCode = emptyMessage.GetHashCode();
+            emptyMessage.MergeFrom(message.ToByteArray());
+            Assert.AreNotEqual(hashCode, emptyMessage.GetHashCode());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCaseSource(typeof(Data), "Messages")]
+        public void TestClone(IMessage message)
+        {
+            var emptyMessage = new TestEmptyMessage();
+            var otherEmptyMessage = new TestEmptyMessage();
+            otherEmptyMessage = emptyMessage.Clone();
+            Assert.AreEqual(emptyMessage.CalculateSize(), otherEmptyMessage.CalculateSize());
+            Assert.AreEqual(emptyMessage.ToByteArray(), otherEmptyMessage.ToByteArray());
+
+            emptyMessage.MergeFrom(message.ToByteArray());
+            otherEmptyMessage = emptyMessage.Clone();
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.CalculateSize(), otherEmptyMessage.CalculateSize());
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.ToByteArray(), otherEmptyMessage.ToByteArray());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCaseSource(typeof(Data), "Messages")]
+        public void TestDiscardUnknownFields(IMessage message)
+        {
+            var goldenEmptyMessage = new TestEmptyMessage();
+            byte[] data = message.ToByteArray();
+            int fullSize = message.CalculateSize();
+
+            Action<IMessage> assertEmpty = msg =>
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(0, msg.CalculateSize());
+                Assert.AreEqual(goldenEmptyMessage, msg);
+            };
+
+            Action<IMessage> assertFull = msg => Assert.AreEqual(fullSize, msg.CalculateSize());
+
+            // Test the behavior of the parsers with and without discarding, both generic and non-generic.
+            MessageParser<TestEmptyMessage> retainingParser1 = TestEmptyMessage.Parser;
+            MessageParser retainingParser2 = retainingParser1;
+            MessageParser<TestEmptyMessage> discardingParser1 = retainingParser1.WithDiscardUnknownFields(true);
+            MessageParser discardingParser2 = retainingParser2.WithDiscardUnknownFields(true);
+
+            // Test parse from byte[]
+            assertFull(retainingParser1.ParseFrom(data));
+            assertFull(retainingParser2.ParseFrom(data));
+            assertEmpty(discardingParser1.ParseFrom(data));
+            assertEmpty(discardingParser2.ParseFrom(data));
+
+            // Test parse from byte[] with offset
+            assertFull(retainingParser1.ParseFrom(data, 0, data.Length));
+            assertFull(retainingParser2.ParseFrom(data, 0, data.Length));
+            assertEmpty(discardingParser1.ParseFrom(data, 0, data.Length));
+            assertEmpty(discardingParser2.ParseFrom(data, 0, data.Length));
+
+            // Test parse from CodedInputStream
+            assertFull(retainingParser1.ParseFrom(new CodedInputStream(data)));
+            assertFull(retainingParser2.ParseFrom(new CodedInputStream(data)));
+            assertEmpty(discardingParser1.ParseFrom(new CodedInputStream(data)));
+            assertEmpty(discardingParser2.ParseFrom(new CodedInputStream(data)));
+
+            // Test parse from Stream
+            assertFull(retainingParser1.ParseFrom(new MemoryStream(data)));
+            assertFull(retainingParser2.ParseFrom(new MemoryStream(data)));
+            assertEmpty(discardingParser1.ParseFrom(new MemoryStream(data)));
+            assertEmpty(discardingParser2.ParseFrom(new MemoryStream(data)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestReadInvalidWireTypeThrowsInvalidProtocolBufferException()
+        {
+            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(ms);
+
+            uint tag = WireFormat.MakeTag(1, (WireFormat.WireType)6);
+            output.WriteRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.WriteLength(-1);
+            output.Flush();
+            ms.Position = 0;
+
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(ms);
+            Assert.AreEqual(tag, input.ReadTag());
+
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(null, input));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/AnyTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/AnyTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b9a56939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/AnyTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    public class AnyTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Pack()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message);
+            Assert.AreEqual("type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest3.TestAllTypes", any.TypeUrl);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.CalculateSize(), any.Value.Length);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Pack_WithCustomPrefix()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message, "foo.bar/baz");
+            Assert.AreEqual("foo.bar/baz/protobuf_unittest3.TestAllTypes", any.TypeUrl);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.CalculateSize(), any.Value.Length);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Pack_WithCustomPrefixTrailingSlash()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message, "foo.bar/baz/");
+            Assert.AreEqual("foo.bar/baz/protobuf_unittest3.TestAllTypes", any.TypeUrl);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.CalculateSize(), any.Value.Length);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Unpack_WrongType()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message);
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => any.Unpack<TestOneof>());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Unpack_Success()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message);
+            var unpacked = any.Unpack<TestAllTypes>();
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, unpacked);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Unpack_CustomPrefix_Success()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message, "foo.bar/baz");
+            var unpacked = any.Unpack<TestAllTypes>();
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, unpacked);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TryUnpack_WrongType()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message);
+            Assert.False(any.TryUnpack(out TestOneof unpacked));
+            Assert.Null(unpacked);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TryUnpack_RightType()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message);
+            Assert.IsTrue(any.TryUnpack(out TestAllTypes unpacked));
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, unpacked);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_WithValues()
+        {
+            var message = SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes();
+            var any = Any.Pack(message);
+            var text = any.ToString();
+            Assert.That(text, Does.Contain("\"@value\": \"" + message.ToByteString().ToBase64() + "\""));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("proto://foo.bar", "foo.bar")]
+        [TestCase("/foo/bar/baz", "baz")]
+        [TestCase("foobar", "")]
+        public void GetTypeName(string typeUrl, string expectedTypeName)
+        {
+            var any = new Any { TypeUrl = typeUrl };
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedTypeName, Any.GetTypeName(typeUrl));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Empty()
+        {
+            var any = new Any();
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"@type\": \"\", \"@value\": \"\" }", any.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_MessageContainingAny()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { AnyField = new Any() };
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"anyField\": { \"@type\": \"\", \"@value\": \"\" } }", message.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IsWrongType()
+        {
+            var any = Any.Pack(SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes());
+            Assert.False(any.Is(TestOneof.Descriptor));
+        }
+
+        public void IsRightType()
+        {
+            var any = Any.Pack(SampleMessages.CreateFullTestAllTypes());
+            Assert.True(any.Is(TestAllTypes.Descriptor));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/DurationTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/DurationTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..141faf80e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/DurationTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    public class DurationTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void ToTimeSpan()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1), new Duration { Seconds = 1 }.ToTimeSpan());
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(-1), new Duration { Seconds = -1 }.ToTimeSpan());
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1), new Duration { Nanos = 1000000 }.ToTimeSpan());
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(-1), new Duration { Nanos = -1000000 }.ToTimeSpan());
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromTicks(1), new Duration { Nanos = 100 }.ToTimeSpan());
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromTicks(-1), new Duration { Nanos = -100 }.ToTimeSpan());
+
+            // Rounding is towards 0
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromTicks(2), new Duration { Nanos = 250 }.ToTimeSpan());
+            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromTicks(-2), new Duration { Nanos = -250 }.ToTimeSpan());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Addition()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = 2, Nanos = 100000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 600000000 } + new Duration { Nanos = 500000000 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = -2, Nanos = -100000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = -1, Nanos = -600000000 } + new Duration { Nanos = -500000000 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 100000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 600000000 } + new Duration { Nanos = -500000000 });
+
+            // Non-normalized durations, or non-normalized intermediate results
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = 1 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = -500000000 } + new Duration { Nanos = 500000000 });
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Nanos = -900000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = -1, Nanos = -100000000 } + new Duration { Nanos = 200000000 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Nanos = 900000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 100000000 } + new Duration { Nanos = -200000000 });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Subtraction()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 100000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 600000000 } - new Duration { Nanos = 500000000 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = -1, Nanos = -100000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = -1, Nanos = -600000000 } - new Duration { Nanos = -500000000 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = 2, Nanos = 100000000 },
+                new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 600000000 } - new Duration { Nanos = -500000000 });
+
+            // Non-normalized durations
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration(),
+                new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = -500000000 } - new Duration { Nanos = 500000000 });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = 1 },
+                new Duration { Nanos = 2000000000 } - new Duration { Nanos = 1000000000 });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FromTimeSpan()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Seconds = 1 }, Duration.FromTimeSpan(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)));
+            Assert.AreEqual(new Duration { Nanos = Duration.NanosecondsPerTick }, Duration.FromTimeSpan(TimeSpan.FromTicks(1)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(0, Duration.MaxNanoseconds + 1)]
+        [TestCase(0, Duration.MinNanoseconds - 1)]
+        [TestCase(Duration.MinSeconds - 1, 0)]
+        [TestCase(Duration.MaxSeconds + 1, 0)]
+        [TestCase(1, -1)]
+        [TestCase(-1, 1)]
+        public void ToTimeSpan_Invalid(long seconds, int nanoseconds)
+        {
+            var duration = new Duration { Seconds = seconds, Nanos = nanoseconds };
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => duration.ToTimeSpan());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(0, Duration.MaxNanoseconds)]
+        [TestCase(0, Duration.MinNanoseconds)]
+        [TestCase(Duration.MinSeconds, Duration.MinNanoseconds)]
+        [TestCase(Duration.MaxSeconds, Duration.MaxNanoseconds)]
+        public void ToTimeSpan_Valid(long seconds, int nanoseconds)
+        {
+            // Only testing that these values don't throw, unlike their similar tests in ToTimeSpan_Invalid
+            var duration = new Duration { Seconds = seconds, Nanos = nanoseconds };
+            duration.ToTimeSpan();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_NonNormalized()
+        {
+            // Just a single example should be sufficient...
+            var duration = new Duration { Seconds = 1, Nanos = -1 };
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"@warning\": \"Invalid Duration\", \"seconds\": \"1\", \"nanos\": -1 }", duration.ToString());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/FieldMaskTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/FieldMaskTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5dc503570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/FieldMaskTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    public class FieldMaskTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("foo__bar")]
+        [TestCase("foo_3_ar")]
+        [TestCase("fooBar")]
+        public void ToString_Invalid(string input)
+        {
+            var mask = new FieldMask { Paths = { input } };
+            var text = mask.ToString();
+            // More specific test below
+            Assert.That(text, Does.Contain("@warning"));
+            Assert.That(text, Does.Contain(input));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_Invalid_Precise()
+        {
+            var mask = new FieldMask { Paths = { "x", "foo__bar", @"x\y" } };
+            Assert.AreEqual(
+                "{ \"@warning\": \"Invalid FieldMask\", \"paths\": [ \"x\", \"foo__bar\", \"x\\\\y\" ] }",
+                mask.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IsValid()
+        {
+            Assert.IsTrue(FieldMask.IsValid<NestedTestAllTypes>("payload"));
+            Assert.IsFalse(FieldMask.IsValid<NestedTestAllTypes>("nonexist"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(FieldMask.IsValid<NestedTestAllTypes>("payload.single_int32"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(FieldMask.IsValid<NestedTestAllTypes>("payload.repeated_int32"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(FieldMask.IsValid<NestedTestAllTypes>("payload.single_nested_message"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(FieldMask.IsValid<NestedTestAllTypes>("payload.repeated_nested_message"));
+            Assert.IsFalse(FieldMask.IsValid<NestedTestAllTypes>("payload.nonexist"));
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(FieldMask.IsValid<NestedTestAllTypes>(FieldMask.FromString("payload")));
+            Assert.IsFalse(FieldMask.IsValid<NestedTestAllTypes>(FieldMask.FromString("nonexist")));
+            Assert.IsFalse(FieldMask.IsValid<NestedTestAllTypes>(FieldMask.FromString("payload,nonexist")));
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(FieldMask.IsValid(NestedTestAllTypes.Descriptor, "payload"));
+            Assert.IsFalse(FieldMask.IsValid(NestedTestAllTypes.Descriptor, "nonexist"));
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(FieldMask.IsValid(NestedTestAllTypes.Descriptor, FieldMask.FromString("payload")));
+            Assert.IsFalse(FieldMask.IsValid(NestedTestAllTypes.Descriptor, FieldMask.FromString("nonexist")));
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(FieldMask.IsValid<NestedTestAllTypes>("payload.single_nested_message.bb"));
+
+            // Repeated fields cannot have sub-paths.
+            Assert.IsFalse(FieldMask.IsValid<NestedTestAllTypes>("payload.repeated_nested_message.bb"));
+
+            // Non-message fields cannot have sub-paths.
+            Assert.IsFalse(FieldMask.IsValid<NestedTestAllTypes>("payload.single_int32.bb"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(new string[] { }, "\"\"")]
+        [TestCase(new string[] { "foo" }, "\"foo\"")]
+        [TestCase(new string[] { "foo", "bar" }, "\"foo,bar\"")]
+        [TestCase(new string[] { "", "foo", "", "bar", "" }, "\",foo,,bar,\"")]
+        public void ToString(string[] input, string expectedOutput)
+        {
+            FieldMask mask = new FieldMask();
+            mask.Paths.AddRange(input);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedOutput, mask.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("", new string[] { })]
+        [TestCase("foo", new string[] { "foo" })]
+        [TestCase("foo,bar.baz", new string[] { "foo", "bar.baz" })]
+        [TestCase(",foo,,bar,", new string[] { "foo", "bar" })]
+        public void FromString(string input, string[] expectedOutput)
+        {
+            FieldMask mask = FieldMask.FromString(input);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedOutput.Length, mask.Paths.Count);
+            for (int i = 0; i < expectedOutput.Length; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(expectedOutput[i], mask.Paths[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FromString_Validated()
+        {
+            // Check whether the field paths are valid if a class parameter is provided.
+            Assert.DoesNotThrow(() => FieldMask.FromString<NestedTestAllTypes>(",payload"));
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidProtocolBufferException>(() => FieldMask.FromString<NestedTestAllTypes>("payload,nonexist"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(new int[] { }, new string[] { })]
+        [TestCase(new int[] { TestAllTypes.SingleInt32FieldNumber }, new string[] { "single_int32" })]
+        [TestCase(new int[] { TestAllTypes.SingleInt32FieldNumber, TestAllTypes.SingleInt64FieldNumber }, new string[] { "single_int32", "single_int64" })]
+        public void FromFieldNumbers(int[] input, string[] expectedOutput)
+        {
+            FieldMask mask = FieldMask.FromFieldNumbers<TestAllTypes>(input);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedOutput.Length, mask.Paths.Count);
+            for (int i = 0; i < expectedOutput.Length; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.AreEqual(expectedOutput[i], mask.Paths[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FromFieldNumbers_Invalid()
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() =>
+            {
+                int invalidFieldNumber = 1000;
+                FieldMask.FromFieldNumbers<TestAllTypes>(invalidFieldNumber);
+            });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(new string[] { }, "\"\"")]
+        [TestCase(new string[] { "foo" }, "\"foo\"")]
+        [TestCase(new string[] { "foo", "bar" }, "\"foo,bar\"")]
+        [TestCase(new string[] { "", "foo", "", "bar", "" }, "\",foo,bar\"")]
+        public void Normalize(string[] input, string expectedOutput)
+        {
+            FieldMask mask = new FieldMask();
+            mask.Paths.AddRange(input);
+            FieldMask result = mask.Normalize();
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedOutput, result.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Union()
+        {
+            // Only test a simple case here and expect
+            // {@link FieldMaskTreeTest#AddFieldPath} to cover all scenarios.
+            FieldMask mask1 = FieldMask.FromString("foo,bar.baz,bar.quz");
+            FieldMask mask2 = FieldMask.FromString("foo.bar,bar");
+            FieldMask result = mask1.Union(mask2);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, result.Paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains("bar", result.Paths);
+            Assert.Contains("foo", result.Paths);
+            Assert.That(result.Paths, Has.No.Member("bar.baz"));
+            Assert.That(result.Paths, Has.No.Member("bar.quz"));
+            Assert.That(result.Paths, Has.No.Member("foo.bar"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Union_UsingVarArgs()
+        {
+            FieldMask mask1 = FieldMask.FromString("foo");
+            FieldMask mask2 = FieldMask.FromString("foo.bar,bar.quz");
+            FieldMask mask3 = FieldMask.FromString("bar.quz");
+            FieldMask mask4 = FieldMask.FromString("bar");
+            FieldMask result = mask1.Union(mask2, mask3, mask4);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, result.Paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains("bar", result.Paths);
+            Assert.Contains("foo", result.Paths);
+            Assert.That(result.Paths, Has.No.Member("foo.bar"));
+            Assert.That(result.Paths, Has.No.Member("bar.quz"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Intersection()
+        {
+            // Only test a simple case here and expect
+            // {@link FieldMaskTreeTest#IntersectFieldPath} to cover all scenarios.
+            FieldMask mask1 = FieldMask.FromString("foo,bar.baz,bar.quz");
+            FieldMask mask2 = FieldMask.FromString("foo.bar,bar");
+            FieldMask result = mask1.Intersection(mask2);
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, result.Paths.Count);
+            Assert.Contains("foo.bar", result.Paths);
+            Assert.Contains("bar.baz", result.Paths);
+            Assert.Contains("bar.quz", result.Paths);
+            Assert.That(result.Paths, Has.No.Member("foo"));
+            Assert.That(result.Paths, Has.No.Member("bar"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Merge()
+        {
+            // Only test a simple case here and expect
+            // {@link FieldMaskTreeTest#Merge} to cover all scenarios.
+            FieldMask fieldMask = FieldMask.FromString("payload");
+            NestedTestAllTypes source = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Payload = new TestAllTypes
+                {
+                    SingleInt32 = 1234,
+                    SingleFixed64 = 4321
+                }
+            };
+            NestedTestAllTypes destination = new NestedTestAllTypes();
+            fieldMask.Merge(source, destination);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1234, destination.Payload.SingleInt32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4321, destination.Payload.SingleFixed64);
+
+            destination = new NestedTestAllTypes
+            {
+                Payload = new TestAllTypes
+                {
+                    SingleInt32 = 4321,
+                    SingleInt64 = 5678
+                }
+            };
+            fieldMask.Merge(source, destination);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1234, destination.Payload.SingleInt32);
+            Assert.AreEqual(5678, destination.Payload.SingleInt64);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4321, destination.Payload.SingleFixed64);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/TimestampTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/TimestampTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffc604192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/TimestampTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    public class TimestampTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void FromAndToDateTime()
+        {
+            DateTime utcMin = DateTime.SpecifyKind(DateTime.MinValue, DateTimeKind.Utc);
+            DateTime utcMax = DateTime.SpecifyKind(DateTime.MaxValue, DateTimeKind.Utc);
+            AssertRoundtrip(new Timestamp { Seconds = -62135596800 }, utcMin);
+            AssertRoundtrip(new Timestamp { Seconds = 253402300799, Nanos = 999999900 }, utcMax);
+            AssertRoundtrip(new Timestamp(), new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc));
+            AssertRoundtrip(new Timestamp { Nanos = 1000000}, new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, DateTimeKind.Utc));
+            AssertRoundtrip(new Timestamp { Seconds = -1, Nanos = 999000000 }, new DateTime(1969, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999, DateTimeKind.Utc));
+            AssertRoundtrip(new Timestamp { Seconds = 3600 }, new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc));
+            AssertRoundtrip(new Timestamp { Seconds = -3600 }, new DateTime(1969, 12, 31, 23, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToDateTimeTruncation()
+        {
+            var t1 = new Timestamp { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 1000000 + Duration.NanosecondsPerTick - 1 };
+            Assert.AreEqual(new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, DateTimeKind.Utc).AddMilliseconds(1), t1.ToDateTime());
+
+            var t2 = new Timestamp { Seconds = -1, Nanos = 1000000 + Duration.NanosecondsPerTick - 1 };
+            Assert.AreEqual(new DateTime(1969, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59).AddMilliseconds(1), t2.ToDateTime());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(Timestamp.UnixSecondsAtBclMinValue - 1, Timestamp.MaxNanos)]
+        [TestCase(Timestamp.UnixSecondsAtBclMaxValue + 1, 0)]
+        [TestCase(0, -1)]
+        [TestCase(0, Timestamp.MaxNanos + 1)]
+        public void ToDateTime_OutOfRange(long seconds, int nanoseconds)
+        {
+            var value = new Timestamp { Seconds = seconds, Nanos = nanoseconds };
+            Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => value.ToDateTime());
+        }
+
+        // 1ns larger or smaller than the above values
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(Timestamp.UnixSecondsAtBclMinValue, 0)]
+        [TestCase(Timestamp.UnixSecondsAtBclMaxValue, Timestamp.MaxNanos)]
+        [TestCase(0, 0)]
+        [TestCase(0, Timestamp.MaxNanos)]
+        public void ToDateTime_ValidBoundaries(long seconds, int nanoseconds)
+        {
+            var value = new Timestamp { Seconds = seconds, Nanos = nanoseconds };
+            value.ToDateTime();
+        }
+
+        private static void AssertRoundtrip(Timestamp timestamp, DateTime dateTime)
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(timestamp, Timestamp.FromDateTime(dateTime));
+            Assert.AreEqual(dateTime, timestamp.ToDateTime());
+            Assert.AreEqual(DateTimeKind.Utc, timestamp.ToDateTime().Kind);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Arithmetic()
+        {
+            Timestamp t1 = new Timestamp { Seconds = 10000, Nanos = 5000 };
+            Timestamp t2 = new Timestamp { Seconds = 8000, Nanos = 10000 };
+            Duration difference = new Duration { Seconds = 1999, Nanos = Duration.NanosecondsPerSecond - 5000 };
+            Assert.AreEqual(difference, t1 - t2);
+            Assert.AreEqual(-difference, t2 - t1);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(t1, t2 + difference);
+            Assert.AreEqual(t2, t1 - difference);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ToString_NonNormalized()
+        {
+            // Just a single example should be sufficient...
+            var duration = new Timestamp { Seconds = 1, Nanos = -1 };
+            Assert.AreEqual("{ \"@warning\": \"Invalid Timestamp\", \"seconds\": \"1\", \"nanos\": -1 }", duration.ToString());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Comparability()
+        {
+            Timestamp
+                a = null,
+                b = new Timestamp { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 1 },
+                c = new Timestamp { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 10 },
+                d = new Timestamp { Seconds = 10, Nanos = 1 },
+                e = new Timestamp { Seconds = 10, Nanos = 10 };
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(b.CompareTo(a) > 0); // null is always first (according to default behavior of Array.Sort)
+            Assert.IsTrue(b.CompareTo(b) == 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b.CompareTo(b.Clone()) == 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b.CompareTo(c) < 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b.CompareTo(d) < 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b.CompareTo(e) < 0);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(c.CompareTo(a) > 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(c.CompareTo(b) > 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(c.CompareTo(c) == 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(c.CompareTo(c.Clone()) == 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(c.CompareTo(d) < 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(c.CompareTo(e) < 0);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(d.CompareTo(a) > 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(d.CompareTo(b) > 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(d.CompareTo(c) > 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(d.CompareTo(d) == 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(d.CompareTo(d.Clone()) == 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(d.CompareTo(e) < 0);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(e.CompareTo(a) > 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(e.CompareTo(b) > 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(e.CompareTo(c) > 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(e.CompareTo(d) > 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(e.CompareTo(e) == 0);
+            Assert.IsTrue(e.CompareTo(e.Clone()) == 0);
+        }
+
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ComparabilityOperators()
+        {
+            Timestamp
+                a = null,
+                b = new Timestamp { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 1 },
+                c = new Timestamp { Seconds = 1, Nanos = 10 },
+                d = new Timestamp { Seconds = 10, Nanos = 1 },
+                e = new Timestamp { Seconds = 10, Nanos = 10 };
+
+#pragma warning disable CS1718 // Comparison made to same variable
+            Assert.IsTrue(b > a);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b == b);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b == b.Clone());
+            Assert.IsTrue(b < c);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b < d);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b < e);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(c > a);
+            Assert.IsTrue(c > b);
+            Assert.IsTrue(c == c);
+            Assert.IsTrue(c == c.Clone());
+            Assert.IsTrue(c < d);
+            Assert.IsTrue(c < e);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(d > a);
+            Assert.IsTrue(d > b);
+            Assert.IsTrue(d > c);
+            Assert.IsTrue(d == d);
+            Assert.IsTrue(d == d.Clone());
+            Assert.IsTrue(d < e);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(e > a);
+            Assert.IsTrue(e > b);
+            Assert.IsTrue(e > c);
+            Assert.IsTrue(e > d);
+            Assert.IsTrue(e == e);
+            Assert.IsTrue(e == e.Clone());
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(b >= a);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b <= c);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b <= d);
+            Assert.IsTrue(b <= e);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(c >= a);
+            Assert.IsTrue(c >= b);
+            Assert.IsTrue(c <= d);
+            Assert.IsTrue(c <= e);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(d >= a);
+            Assert.IsTrue(d >= b);
+            Assert.IsTrue(d >= c);
+            Assert.IsTrue(d <= e);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(e >= a);
+            Assert.IsTrue(e >= b);
+            Assert.IsTrue(e >= c);
+            Assert.IsTrue(e >= d);
+#pragma warning restore CS1718 // Comparison made to same variable
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/WrappersTest.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/WrappersTest.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a425f79a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/WellKnownTypes/WrappersTest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using Google.Protobuf.TestProtos;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    public class WrappersTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void NullIsDefault()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes();
+            Assert.IsNull(message.StringField);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.BytesField);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.BoolField);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.FloatField);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.DoubleField);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.Int32Field);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.Int64Field);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.Uint32Field);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.Uint64Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NonDefaultSingleValues()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                StringField = "x",
+                BytesField = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3),
+                BoolField = true,
+                FloatField = 12.5f,
+                DoubleField = 12.25d,
+                Int32Field = 1,
+                Int64Field = 2,
+                Uint32Field = 3,
+                Uint64Field = 4
+            };
+
+            var bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            var parsed = TestWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("x", parsed.StringField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3), parsed.BytesField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed.BoolField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(12.5f, parsed.FloatField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(12.25d, parsed.DoubleField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, parsed.Int32Field);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2L, parsed.Int64Field);
+            Assert.AreEqual(3U, parsed.Uint32Field);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4UL, parsed.Uint64Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NonNullDefaultIsPreservedThroughSerialization()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                StringField = "",
+                BytesField = ByteString.Empty,
+                BoolField = false,
+                FloatField = 0f,
+                DoubleField = 0d,
+                Int32Field = 0,
+                Int64Field = 0,
+                Uint32Field = 0,
+                Uint64Field = 0
+            };
+
+            var bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            var parsed = TestWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("", parsed.StringField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.Empty, parsed.BytesField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed.BoolField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0f, parsed.FloatField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0d, parsed.DoubleField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, parsed.Int32Field);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0L, parsed.Int64Field);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0U, parsed.Uint32Field);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0UL, parsed.Uint64Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RepeatedWrappersProhibitNullItems()
+        {
+            var message = new RepeatedWellKnownTypes();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.BoolField.Add((bool?) null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.Int32Field.Add((int?) null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.StringField.Add((string) null));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => message.BytesField.Add((ByteString) null));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RepeatedWrappersSerializeDeserialize()
+        {
+            var message = new RepeatedWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                BoolField = { true, false },
+                BytesField = { ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3), ByteString.CopyFrom(4, 5, 6), ByteString.Empty },
+                DoubleField = { 12.5, -1.5, 0d },
+                FloatField = { 123.25f, -20f, 0f },
+                Int32Field = { int.MaxValue, int.MinValue, 0 },
+                Int64Field = { long.MaxValue, long.MinValue, 0L },
+                StringField = { "First", "Second", "" },
+                Uint32Field = { uint.MaxValue, uint.MinValue, 0U },
+                Uint64Field = { ulong.MaxValue, ulong.MinValue, 0UL },
+            };
+            var bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            var parsed = RepeatedWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+            // Just to test a single value for sanity...
+            Assert.AreEqual("Second", message.StringField[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RepeatedWrappersBinaryFormat()
+        {
+            // At one point we accidentally used a packed format for repeated wrappers, which is wrong (and weird).
+            // This test is just to prove that we use the right format.
+
+            var rawOutput = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(rawOutput);
+            // Write a value of 5
+            output.WriteTag(RepeatedWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteLength(2);
+            output.WriteTag(WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            output.WriteInt32(5);
+            // Write a value of 0 (empty message)
+            output.WriteTag(RepeatedWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            output.WriteLength(0);
+            output.Flush();
+            var expectedBytes = rawOutput.ToArray();
+
+            var message = new RepeatedWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = { 5, 0 } };
+            var actualBytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedBytes, actualBytes);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MapWrappersSerializeDeserialize()
+        {
+            // Note: no null values here, as they are prohibited in map fields
+            // (despite being representable).
+            var message = new MapWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                BoolField = { { 10, false }, { 20, true } },
+                BytesField = {
+                    { -1, ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3) },
+                    { 10, ByteString.CopyFrom(4, 5, 6) },
+                    { 1000, ByteString.Empty },
+                },
+                DoubleField = { { 1, 12.5 }, { 10, -1.5 }, { 20, 0d } },
+                FloatField = { { 2, 123.25f }, { 3, -20f }, { 4, 0f } },
+                Int32Field = { { 5, int.MaxValue }, { 6, int.MinValue }, { 7, 0 } },
+                Int64Field = { { 8, long.MaxValue }, { 9, long.MinValue }, { 10, 0L } },
+                StringField = { { 11, "First" }, { 12, "Second" }, { 13, "" } },
+                Uint32Field = { { 15, uint.MaxValue }, { 16, uint.MinValue }, { 17, 0U } },
+                Uint64Field = { { 18, ulong.MaxValue }, { 19, ulong.MinValue }, { 20, 0UL } },
+            };
+
+            var bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            var parsed = MapWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+            // Just to test a single value for sanity...
+            Assert.AreEqual("Second", message.StringField[12]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Reflection_SingleValues()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes
+            {
+                StringField = "x",
+                BytesField = ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3),
+                BoolField = true,
+                FloatField = 12.5f,
+                DoubleField = 12.25d,
+                Int32Field = 1,
+                Int64Field = 2,
+                Uint32Field = 3,
+                Uint64Field = 4
+            };
+            var fields = TestWellKnownTypes.Descriptor.Fields;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("x", fields[TestWellKnownTypes.StringFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(ByteString.CopyFrom(1, 2, 3), fields[TestWellKnownTypes.BytesFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, fields[TestWellKnownTypes.BoolFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(12.5f, fields[TestWellKnownTypes.FloatFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(12.25d, fields[TestWellKnownTypes.DoubleFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, fields[TestWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(2L, fields[TestWellKnownTypes.Int64FieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(3U, fields[TestWellKnownTypes.Uint32FieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.AreEqual(4UL, fields[TestWellKnownTypes.Uint64FieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+
+            // And a couple of null fields...
+            message.StringField = null;
+            message.FloatField = null;
+            Assert.IsNull(fields[TestWellKnownTypes.StringFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+            Assert.IsNull(fields[TestWellKnownTypes.FloatFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Reflection_RepeatedFields()
+        {
+            // Just a single example... note that we can't have a null value here
+            var message = new RepeatedWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = { 1, 2 } };
+            var fields = RepeatedWellKnownTypes.Descriptor.Fields;
+            var list = (IList) fields[RepeatedWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message);
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new[] { 1, 2 }, list);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Reflection_MapFields()
+        {
+            // Just a single example... note that we can't have a null value here despite the value type being int?
+            var message = new MapWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = { { 1, 2 } } };
+            var fields = MapWellKnownTypes.Descriptor.Fields;
+            var dictionary = (IDictionary) fields[MapWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, dictionary[1]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Oneof()
+        {
+            var message = new OneofWellKnownTypes { EmptyField = new Empty() };
+            // Start off with a non-wrapper
+            Assert.AreEqual(OneofWellKnownTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.EmptyField, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            AssertOneofRoundTrip(message);
+
+            message.StringField = "foo";
+            Assert.AreEqual(OneofWellKnownTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.StringField, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            AssertOneofRoundTrip(message);
+
+            message.StringField = "foo";
+            Assert.AreEqual(OneofWellKnownTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.StringField, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            AssertOneofRoundTrip(message);
+
+            message.DoubleField = 0.0f;
+            Assert.AreEqual(OneofWellKnownTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.DoubleField, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            AssertOneofRoundTrip(message);
+
+            message.DoubleField = 1.0f;
+            Assert.AreEqual(OneofWellKnownTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.DoubleField, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            AssertOneofRoundTrip(message);
+
+            message.ClearOneofField();
+            Assert.AreEqual(OneofWellKnownTypes.OneofFieldOneofCase.None, message.OneofFieldCase);
+            AssertOneofRoundTrip(message);
+        }
+
+        private void AssertOneofRoundTrip(OneofWellKnownTypes message)
+        {
+            // Normal roundtrip, but explicitly checking the case...
+            var bytes = message.ToByteArray();
+            var parsed = OneofWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, parsed);
+            Assert.AreEqual(message.OneofFieldCase, parsed.OneofFieldCase);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase("x", "y", "y")]
+        [TestCase("x", "", "x")]
+        [TestCase("x", null, "x")]
+        [TestCase("", "y", "y")]
+        [TestCase("", "", "")]
+        [TestCase("", null, "")]
+        [TestCase(null, "y", "y")]
+        [TestCase(null, "", "")]
+        [TestCase(null, null, null)]
+        public void Merging(string original, string merged, string expected)
+        {
+            var originalMessage = new TestWellKnownTypes { StringField = original };
+            var mergingMessage = new TestWellKnownTypes { StringField = merged };
+            originalMessage.MergeFrom(mergingMessage);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, originalMessage.StringField);
+
+            // Try it using MergeFrom(CodedInputStream) too...
+            originalMessage = new TestWellKnownTypes { StringField = original };
+            originalMessage.MergeFrom(mergingMessage.ToByteArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, originalMessage.StringField);
+        }
+
+        // Merging is odd with wrapper types, due to the way that default values aren't emitted in
+        // the binary stream. In fact we cheat a little bit - a message with an explicitly present default
+        // value will have that default value ignored. See issue 615. Fixing this would require significant upheaval to
+        // the FieldCodec side of things.
+        [Test]
+        public void MergingStreamExplicitValue()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = 5 };
+
+            // Create a byte array which has the data of an Int32Value explicitly containing a value of 0.
+            // This wouldn't normally happen.
+            byte[] bytes;
+            var wrapperTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(TestWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var valueTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(Int32Value.ValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                var coded = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+                coded.WriteTag(wrapperTag);
+                coded.WriteLength(2); // valueTag + a value 0, each one byte
+                coded.WriteTag(valueTag);
+                coded.WriteInt32(0);
+                coded.Flush();
+                bytes = stream.ToArray();
+            }
+
+            message.MergeFrom(bytes);
+            // A normal implementation would have 0 now, as the explicit default would have been overwritten the 5.
+            // With the FieldCodec for Nullable<int>, we can't tell the difference between an implicit 0 and an explicit 0.
+            Assert.AreEqual(5, message.Int32Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MergingStreamNoValue()
+        {
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = 5 };
+
+            // Create a byte array which an Int32 field, but with no value.
+            var bytes = new TestWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = 0 }.ToByteArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, bytes.Length); // The tag for Int32Field is a single byte, then a byte indicating a 0-length message.
+            message.MergeFrom(bytes);
+
+            // The "implicit" 0 did *not* overwrite the value.
+            // (This is the correct behaviour.)
+            Assert.AreEqual(5, message.Int32Field);
+        }
+
+        // All permutations of origin/merging value being null, zero (default) or non-default.
+        // As this is the in-memory version, we don't need to worry about the difference between implicit and explicit 0.
+        [Test]
+        [TestCase(null, null, null)]
+        [TestCase(null, 0, 0)]
+        [TestCase(null, 5, 5)]
+        [TestCase(0, null, 0)]
+        [TestCase(0, 0, 0)]
+        [TestCase(0, 5, 5)]
+        [TestCase(5, null, 5)]
+        [TestCase(5, 0, 5)]
+        [TestCase(5, 10, 10)]
+        public void MergingMessageWithZero(int? originValue, int? mergingValue, int? expectedResult)
+        {
+            // This differs from the MergingStreamCornerCase because when we merge message *objects*,
+            // we ignore default values from the "source".
+            var message1 = new TestWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = originValue };
+            var message2 = new TestWellKnownTypes { Int32Field = mergingValue };
+            message1.MergeFrom(message2);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedResult, message1.Int32Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void UnknownFieldInWrapperInt32FastPath()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            var wrapperTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(TestWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var unknownTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(15, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            var valueTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(Int32Value.ValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+
+            output.WriteTag(wrapperTag);
+            // Wrapper message is just long enough - 6 bytes - to use the wrapper fast-path.
+            output.WriteLength(6); // unknownTag + value 5 + valueType, each 1 byte, + value 65536, 3 bytes
+            output.WriteTag(unknownTag);
+            output.WriteInt32((int) valueTag); // Sneakily "pretend" it's a tag when it's really a value
+            output.WriteTag(valueTag);
+            output.WriteInt32(65536);
+            
+            output.Flush();
+            Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Length); // tag (1 byte) + length (1 byte) + message (6 bytes)
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var message = TestWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(stream);
+            Assert.AreEqual(65536, message.Int32Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void UnknownFieldInWrapperInt32SlowPath()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            var wrapperTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(TestWellKnownTypes.Int32FieldFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var unknownTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(15, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            var valueTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(Int32Value.ValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+
+            output.WriteTag(wrapperTag);
+            // Wrapper message is too short to be used on the wrapper fast-path.
+            output.WriteLength(4); // unknownTag + value 5 + valueType + value 6, each 1 byte
+            output.WriteTag(unknownTag);
+            output.WriteInt32((int)valueTag); // Sneakily "pretend" it's a tag when it's really a value
+            output.WriteTag(valueTag);
+            output.WriteInt32(6);
+
+            output.Flush();
+            Assert.Less(stream.Length, 8); // tag (1 byte) + length (1 byte) + message
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var message = TestWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(stream);
+            Assert.AreEqual(6, message.Int32Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void UnknownFieldInWrapperInt64FastPath()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            var wrapperTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(TestWellKnownTypes.Int64FieldFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var unknownTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(15, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            var valueTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(Int64Value.ValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+
+            output.WriteTag(wrapperTag);
+            // Wrapper message is just long enough - 10 bytes - to use the wrapper fast-path.
+            output.WriteLength(11); // unknownTag + value 5 + valueType, each 1 byte, + value 0xfffffffffffff, 8 bytes
+            output.WriteTag(unknownTag);
+            output.WriteInt64((int)valueTag); // Sneakily "pretend" it's a tag when it's really a value
+            output.WriteTag(valueTag);
+            output.WriteInt64(0xfffffffffffffL);
+
+            output.Flush();
+            Assert.AreEqual(13, stream.Length); // tag (1 byte) + length (1 byte) + message (11 bytes)
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var message = TestWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(stream);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0xfffffffffffffL, message.Int64Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void UnknownFieldInWrapperInt64SlowPath()
+        {
+            var stream = new MemoryStream();
+            var output = new CodedOutputStream(stream);
+            var wrapperTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(TestWellKnownTypes.Int64FieldFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+            var unknownTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(15, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+            var valueTag = WireFormat.MakeTag(Int64Value.ValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+
+            output.WriteTag(wrapperTag);
+            // Wrapper message is too short to be used on the wrapper fast-path.
+            output.WriteLength(4); // unknownTag + value 5 + valueType + value 6, each 1 byte
+            output.WriteTag(unknownTag);
+            output.WriteInt64((int)valueTag); // Sneakily "pretend" it's a tag when it's really a value
+            output.WriteTag(valueTag);
+            output.WriteInt64(6);
+
+            output.Flush();
+            Assert.Less(stream.Length, 12); // tag (1 byte) + length (1 byte) + message
+            stream.Position = 0;
+
+            var message = TestWellKnownTypes.Parser.ParseFrom(stream);
+            Assert.AreEqual(6L, message.Int64Field);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ClearWithReflection()
+        {
+            // String and Bytes are the tricky ones here, as the CLR type of the property
+            // is the same between the wrapper and non-wrapper types.
+            var message = new TestWellKnownTypes { StringField = "foo" };
+            TestWellKnownTypes.Descriptor.Fields[TestWellKnownTypes.StringFieldFieldNumber].Accessor.Clear(message);
+            Assert.IsNull(message.StringField);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NaNComparisons()
+        {
+            var message1 = new TestWellKnownTypes { DoubleField = SampleNaNs.Regular };
+            var message2 = new TestWellKnownTypes { DoubleField = SampleNaNs.PayloadFlipped };
+            var message3 = new TestWellKnownTypes { DoubleField = SampleNaNs.Regular };
+
+            EqualityTester.AssertInequality(message1, message2);
+            EqualityTester.AssertEquality(message1, message3);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/testprotos.pb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/testprotos.pb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d00db7fde
Binary files /dev/null and b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Test/testprotos.pb differ
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.sln b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.sln
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b571e53c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.sln
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio 15
+VisualStudioVersion = 15.0.26114.2
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "AddressBook", "AddressBook\AddressBook.csproj", "{AFB63919-1E05-43B4-802A-8FB8C9B2F463}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Google.Protobuf", "Google.Protobuf\Google.Protobuf.csproj", "{9B576380-726D-4142-8238-60A43AB0E35A}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Google.Protobuf.Test", "Google.Protobuf.Test\Google.Protobuf.Test.csproj", "{580EB013-D3C7-4578-B845-015F4A3B0591}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Google.Protobuf.Conformance", "Google.Protobuf.Conformance\Google.Protobuf.Conformance.csproj", "{DDDC055B-E185-4181-BAB0-072F0F984569}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Google.Protobuf.JsonDump", "Google.Protobuf.JsonDump\Google.Protobuf.JsonDump.csproj", "{9695E08F-9829-497D-B95C-B38F28D48690}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks", "Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks\Google.Protobuf.Benchmarks.csproj", "{D25E4804-4DEA-45AB-9F8C-BA4DBD8E5A07}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos", "Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos\Google.Protobuf.Test.TestProtos.csproj", "{ADF24BEB-A318-4530-8448-356B72B820EA}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
+		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{AFB63919-1E05-43B4-802A-8FB8C9B2F463}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
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+		{9B576380-726D-4142-8238-60A43AB0E35A}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{9B576380-726D-4142-8238-60A43AB0E35A}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{9B576380-726D-4142-8238-60A43AB0E35A}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{9B576380-726D-4142-8238-60A43AB0E35A}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{580EB013-D3C7-4578-B845-015F4A3B0591}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{580EB013-D3C7-4578-B845-015F4A3B0591}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{580EB013-D3C7-4578-B845-015F4A3B0591}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{580EB013-D3C7-4578-B845-015F4A3B0591}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{DDDC055B-E185-4181-BAB0-072F0F984569}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{DDDC055B-E185-4181-BAB0-072F0F984569}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{DDDC055B-E185-4181-BAB0-072F0F984569}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{DDDC055B-E185-4181-BAB0-072F0F984569}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{9695E08F-9829-497D-B95C-B38F28D48690}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{9695E08F-9829-497D-B95C-B38F28D48690}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{9695E08F-9829-497D-B95C-B38F28D48690}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{9695E08F-9829-497D-B95C-B38F28D48690}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{D25E4804-4DEA-45AB-9F8C-BA4DBD8E5A07}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{D25E4804-4DEA-45AB-9F8C-BA4DBD8E5A07}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{D25E4804-4DEA-45AB-9F8C-BA4DBD8E5A07}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{D25E4804-4DEA-45AB-9F8C-BA4DBD8E5A07}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{ADF24BEB-A318-4530-8448-356B72B820EA}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{ADF24BEB-A318-4530-8448-356B72B820EA}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{ADF24BEB-A318-4530-8448-356B72B820EA}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{ADF24BEB-A318-4530-8448-356B72B820EA}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
+		SolutionGuid = {7B06C87B-83E1-4F5F-A0DD-6E9AFAC03DAC}
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ByteArray.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ByteArray.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69b6ef8d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ByteArray.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Provides a utility routine to copy small arrays much more quickly than Buffer.BlockCopy
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static class ByteArray
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The threshold above which you should use Buffer.BlockCopy rather than ByteArray.Copy
+        /// </summary>
+        private const int CopyThreshold = 12;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determines which copy routine to use based on the number of bytes to be copied.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static void Copy(byte[] src, int srcOffset, byte[] dst, int dstOffset, int count)
+        {
+            if (count > CopyThreshold)
+            {
+                Buffer.BlockCopy(src, srcOffset, dst, dstOffset, count);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                int stop = srcOffset + count;
+                for (int i = srcOffset; i < stop; i++)
+                {
+                    dst[dstOffset++] = src[i];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reverses the order of bytes in the array
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static void Reverse(byte[] bytes)
+        {
+            for (int first = 0, last = bytes.Length - 1; first < last; first++, last--)
+            {
+                byte temp = bytes[first];
+                bytes[first] = bytes[last];
+                bytes[last] = temp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ByteString.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ByteString.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3eb00e5bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ByteString.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+#if !NET35
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+#endif
+#if NET35
+using Google.Protobuf.Compatibility;
+#endif
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Immutable array of bytes.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class ByteString : IEnumerable<byte>, IEquatable<ByteString>
+    {
+        private static readonly ByteString empty = new ByteString(new byte[0]);
+
+        private readonly byte[] bytes;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unsafe operations that can cause IO Failure and/or other catastrophic side-effects.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static class Unsafe
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Constructs a new ByteString from the given byte array. The array is
+            /// *not* copied, and must not be modified after this constructor is called.
+            /// </summary>
+            internal static ByteString FromBytes(byte[] bytes)
+            {
+                return new ByteString(bytes);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Internal use only.  Ensure that the provided array is not mutated and belongs to this instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static ByteString AttachBytes(byte[] bytes)
+        {
+            return new ByteString(bytes);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a new ByteString from the given byte array. The array is
+        /// *not* copied, and must not be modified after this constructor is called.
+        /// </summary>
+        private ByteString(byte[] bytes)
+        {
+            this.bytes = bytes;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns an empty ByteString.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static ByteString Empty
+        {
+            get { return empty; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the length of this ByteString in bytes.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Length
+        {
+            get { return bytes.Length; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns <c>true</c> if this byte string is empty, <c>false</c> otherwise.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsEmpty
+        {
+            get { return Length == 0; }
+        }
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SUPPORT_SYSTEM_MEMORY
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Provides read-only access to the data of this <see cref="ByteString"/>.
+        /// No data is copied so this is the most efficient way of accessing.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ReadOnlySpan<byte> Span => new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(bytes);
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts this <see cref="ByteString"/> into a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>The data is copied - changes to the returned array will not be reflected in this <c>ByteString</c>.</remarks>
+        /// <returns>A byte array with the same data as this <c>ByteString</c>.</returns>
+        public byte[] ToByteArray()
+        {
+            return (byte[]) bytes.Clone();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts this <see cref="ByteString"/> into a standard base64 representation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A base64 representation of this <c>ByteString</c>.</returns>
+        public string ToBase64()
+        {
+            return Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a <see cref="ByteString" /> from the Base64 Encoded String.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static ByteString FromBase64(string bytes)
+        {
+            // By handling the empty string explicitly, we not only optimize but we fix a
+            // problem on CF 2.0. See issue 61 for details.
+            return bytes == "" ? Empty : new ByteString(Convert.FromBase64String(bytes));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a <see cref="ByteString"/> from data in the given stream, synchronously.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>If successful, <paramref name="stream"/> will be read completely, from the position
+        /// at the start of the call.</remarks>
+        /// <param name="stream">The stream to copy into a ByteString.</param>
+        /// <returns>A ByteString with content read from the given stream.</returns>
+        public static ByteString FromStream(Stream stream)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(stream, nameof(stream));
+            int capacity = stream.CanSeek ? checked((int) (stream.Length - stream.Position)) : 0;
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream(capacity);
+            stream.CopyTo(memoryStream);
+#if NETSTANDARD1_0 || NETSTANDARD2_0
+            byte[] bytes = memoryStream.ToArray();
+#else
+            // Avoid an extra copy if we can.
+            byte[] bytes = memoryStream.Length == memoryStream.Capacity ? memoryStream.GetBuffer() : memoryStream.ToArray();
+#endif
+            return AttachBytes(bytes);
+        }
+
+#if !NET35
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a <see cref="ByteString"/> from data in the given stream, asynchronously.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>If successful, <paramref name="stream"/> will be read completely, from the position
+        /// at the start of the call.</remarks>
+        /// <param name="stream">The stream to copy into a ByteString.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token to use when reading from the stream, if any.</param>
+        /// <returns>A ByteString with content read from the given stream.</returns>
+        public async static Task<ByteString> FromStreamAsync(Stream stream, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken))
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(stream, nameof(stream));
+            int capacity = stream.CanSeek ? checked((int) (stream.Length - stream.Position)) : 0;
+            var memoryStream = new MemoryStream(capacity);
+            // We have to specify the buffer size here, as there's no overload accepting the cancellation token
+            // alone. But it's documented to use 81920 by default if not specified.
+            await stream.CopyToAsync(memoryStream, 81920, cancellationToken);
+#if NETSTANDARD1_0 || NETSTANDARD2_0
+            byte[] bytes = memoryStream.ToArray();
+#else
+            // Avoid an extra copy if we can.
+            byte[] bytes = memoryStream.Length == memoryStream.Capacity ? memoryStream.GetBuffer() : memoryStream.ToArray();
+#endif
+            return AttachBytes(bytes);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a <see cref="ByteString" /> from the given array. The contents
+        /// are copied, so further modifications to the array will not
+        /// be reflected in the returned ByteString.
+        /// This method can also be invoked in <c>ByteString.CopyFrom(0xaa, 0xbb, ...)</c> form
+        /// which is primarily useful for testing.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static ByteString CopyFrom(params byte[] bytes)
+        {
+            return new ByteString((byte[]) bytes.Clone());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a <see cref="ByteString" /> from a portion of a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static ByteString CopyFrom(byte[] bytes, int offset, int count)
+        {
+            byte[] portion = new byte[count];
+            ByteArray.Copy(bytes, offset, portion, 0, count);
+            return new ByteString(portion);
+        }
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SUPPORT_SYSTEM_MEMORY
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a <see cref="ByteString" /> from a read only span. The contents
+        /// are copied, so further modifications to the span will not
+        /// be reflected in the returned <see cref="ByteString" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static ByteString CopyFrom(ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes)
+        {
+            return new ByteString(bytes.ToArray());
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new <see cref="ByteString" /> by encoding the specified text with
+        /// the given encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static ByteString CopyFrom(string text, Encoding encoding)
+        {
+            return new ByteString(encoding.GetBytes(text));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new <see cref="ByteString" /> by encoding the specified text in UTF-8.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static ByteString CopyFromUtf8(string text)
+        {
+            return CopyFrom(text, Encoding.UTF8);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retuns the byte at the given index.
+        /// </summary>
+        public byte this[int index]
+        {
+            get { return bytes[index]; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts this <see cref="ByteString"/> into a string by applying the given encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method should only be used to convert binary data which was the result of encoding
+        /// text with the given encoding.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="encoding">The encoding to use to decode the binary data into text.</param>
+        /// <returns>The result of decoding the binary data with the given decoding.</returns>
+        public string ToString(Encoding encoding)
+        {
+            return encoding.GetString(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts this <see cref="ByteString"/> into a string by applying the UTF-8 encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method should only be used to convert binary data which was the result of encoding
+        /// text with UTF-8.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <returns>The result of decoding the binary data with the given decoding.</returns>
+        public string ToStringUtf8()
+        {
+            return ToString(Encoding.UTF8);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns an iterator over the bytes in this <see cref="ByteString"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>An iterator over the bytes in this object.</returns>
+        public IEnumerator<byte> GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            return ((IEnumerable<byte>) bytes).GetEnumerator();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns an iterator over the bytes in this <see cref="ByteString"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>An iterator over the bytes in this object.</returns>
+        IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            return GetEnumerator();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a CodedInputStream from this ByteString's data.
+        /// </summary>
+        public CodedInputStream CreateCodedInput()
+        {
+            // We trust CodedInputStream not to reveal the provided byte array or modify it
+            return new CodedInputStream(bytes);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Compares two byte strings for equality.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="lhs">The first byte string to compare.</param>
+        /// <param name="rhs">The second byte string to compare.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the byte strings are equal; false otherwise.</returns>
+        public static bool operator ==(ByteString lhs, ByteString rhs)
+        {
+            if (ReferenceEquals(lhs, rhs))
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (ReferenceEquals(lhs, null) || ReferenceEquals(rhs, null))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (lhs.bytes.Length != rhs.bytes.Length)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < lhs.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (rhs.bytes[i] != lhs.bytes[i])
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Compares two byte strings for inequality.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="lhs">The first byte string to compare.</param>
+        /// <param name="rhs">The second byte string to compare.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>false</c> if the byte strings are equal; true otherwise.</returns>
+        public static bool operator !=(ByteString lhs, ByteString rhs)
+        {
+            return !(lhs == rhs);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Compares this byte string with another object.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="obj">The object to compare this with.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if <paramref name="obj"/> refers to an equal <see cref="ByteString"/>; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public override bool Equals(object obj)
+        {
+            return this == (obj as ByteString);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a hash code for this object. Two equal byte strings
+        /// will return the same hash code.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A hash code for this object.</returns>
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            int ret = 23;
+            foreach (byte b in bytes)
+            {
+                ret = (ret * 31) + b;
+            }
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Compares this byte string with another.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="other">The <see cref="ByteString"/> to compare this with.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if <paramref name="other"/> refers to an equal byte string; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool Equals(ByteString other)
+        {
+            return this == other;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Used internally by CodedOutputStream to avoid creating a copy for the write
+        /// </summary>
+        internal void WriteRawBytesTo(CodedOutputStream outputStream)
+        {
+            outputStream.WriteRawBytes(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Copies the entire byte array to the destination array provided at the offset specified.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void CopyTo(byte[] array, int position)
+        {
+            ByteArray.Copy(bytes, 0, array, position, bytes.Length);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the entire byte array to the provided stream
+        /// </summary>
+        public void WriteTo(Stream outputStream)
+        {
+            outputStream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedInputStream.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedInputStream.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3ca3edef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedInputStream.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,1684 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Reads and decodes protocol message fields.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// <para>
+    /// This class is generally used by generated code to read appropriate
+    /// primitives from the stream. It effectively encapsulates the lowest
+    /// levels of protocol buffer format.
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>
+    /// Repeated fields and map fields are not handled by this class; use <see cref="RepeatedField{T}"/>
+    /// and <see cref="MapField{TKey, TValue}"/> to serialize such fields.
+    /// </para>
+    /// </remarks>
+    public sealed class CodedInputStream : IDisposable
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether to leave the underlying stream open when disposing of this stream.
+        /// This is always true when there's no stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly bool leaveOpen;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Buffer of data read from the stream or provided at construction time.
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly byte[] buffer;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The index of the buffer at which we need to refill from the stream (if there is one).
+        /// </summary>
+        private int bufferSize;
+
+        private int bufferSizeAfterLimit = 0;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The position within the current buffer (i.e. the next byte to read)
+        /// </summary>
+        private int bufferPos = 0;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The stream to read further input from, or null if the byte array buffer was provided
+        /// directly on construction, with no further data available.
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly Stream input;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The last tag we read. 0 indicates we've read to the end of the stream
+        /// (or haven't read anything yet).
+        /// </summary>
+        private uint lastTag = 0;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The next tag, used to store the value read by PeekTag.
+        /// </summary>
+        private uint nextTag = 0;
+        private bool hasNextTag = false;
+
+        internal const int DefaultRecursionLimit = 100;
+        internal const int DefaultSizeLimit = Int32.MaxValue;
+        internal const int BufferSize = 4096;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The total number of bytes read before the current buffer. The
+        /// total bytes read up to the current position can be computed as
+        /// totalBytesRetired + bufferPos.
+        /// </summary>
+        private int totalBytesRetired = 0;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The absolute position of the end of the current message.
+        /// </summary> 
+        private int currentLimit = int.MaxValue;
+
+        private int recursionDepth = 0;
+
+        private readonly int recursionLimit;
+        private readonly int sizeLimit;
+
+        #region Construction
+        // Note that the checks are performed such that we don't end up checking obviously-valid things
+        // like non-null references for arrays we've just created.
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new CodedInputStream reading data from the given byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        public CodedInputStream(byte[] buffer) : this(null, ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(buffer, "buffer"), 0, buffer.Length, true)
+        {            
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new <see cref="CodedInputStream"/> that reads from the given byte array slice.
+        /// </summary>
+        public CodedInputStream(byte[] buffer, int offset, int length)
+            : this(null, ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(buffer, "buffer"), offset, offset + length, true)
+        {            
+            if (offset < 0 || offset > buffer.Length)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset", "Offset must be within the buffer");
+            }
+            if (length < 0 || offset + length > buffer.Length)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("length", "Length must be non-negative and within the buffer");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new <see cref="CodedInputStream"/> reading data from the given stream, which will be disposed
+        /// when the returned object is disposed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="input">The stream to read from.</param>
+        public CodedInputStream(Stream input) : this(input, false)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new <see cref="CodedInputStream"/> reading data from the given stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="input">The stream to read from.</param>
+        /// <param name="leaveOpen"><c>true</c> to leave <paramref name="input"/> open when the returned
+        /// <c cref="CodedInputStream"/> is disposed; <c>false</c> to dispose of the given stream when the
+        /// returned object is disposed.</param>
+        public CodedInputStream(Stream input, bool leaveOpen)
+            : this(ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(input, "input"), new byte[BufferSize], 0, 0, leaveOpen)
+        {
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new CodedInputStream reading data from the given
+        /// stream and buffer, using the default limits.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal CodedInputStream(Stream input, byte[] buffer, int bufferPos, int bufferSize, bool leaveOpen)
+        {
+            this.input = input;
+            this.buffer = buffer;
+            this.bufferPos = bufferPos;
+            this.bufferSize = bufferSize;
+            this.sizeLimit = DefaultSizeLimit;
+            this.recursionLimit = DefaultRecursionLimit;
+            this.leaveOpen = leaveOpen;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new CodedInputStream reading data from the given
+        /// stream and buffer, using the specified limits.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This chains to the version with the default limits instead of vice versa to avoid
+        /// having to check that the default values are valid every time.
+        /// </remarks>
+        internal CodedInputStream(Stream input, byte[] buffer, int bufferPos, int bufferSize, int sizeLimit, int recursionLimit, bool leaveOpen)
+            : this(input, buffer, bufferPos, bufferSize, leaveOpen)
+        {
+            if (sizeLimit <= 0)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("sizeLimit", "Size limit must be positive");
+            }
+            if (recursionLimit <= 0)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("recursionLimit!", "Recursion limit must be positive");
+            }
+            this.sizeLimit = sizeLimit;
+            this.recursionLimit = recursionLimit;
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a <see cref="CodedInputStream"/> with the specified size and recursion limits, reading
+        /// from an input stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method exists separately from the constructor to reduce the number of constructor overloads.
+        /// It is likely to be used considerably less frequently than the constructors, as the default limits
+        /// are suitable for most use cases.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="input">The input stream to read from</param>
+        /// <param name="sizeLimit">The total limit of data to read from the stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="recursionLimit">The maximum recursion depth to allow while reading.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <c>CodedInputStream</c> reading from <paramref name="input"/> with the specified size
+        /// and recursion limits.</returns>
+        public static CodedInputStream CreateWithLimits(Stream input, int sizeLimit, int recursionLimit)
+        {
+            // Note: we may want an overload accepting leaveOpen
+            return new CodedInputStream(input, new byte[BufferSize], 0, 0, sizeLimit, recursionLimit, false);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the current position in the input stream, or the position in the input buffer
+        /// </summary>
+        public long Position 
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (input != null)
+                {
+                    return input.Position - ((bufferSize + bufferSizeAfterLimit) - bufferPos);
+                }
+                return bufferPos;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the last tag read, or 0 if no tags have been read or we've read beyond
+        /// the end of the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal uint LastTag { get { return lastTag; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the size limit for this stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This limit is applied when reading from the underlying stream, as a sanity check. It is
+        /// not applied when reading from a byte array data source without an underlying stream.
+        /// The default value is Int32.MaxValue.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The size limit.
+        /// </value>
+        public int SizeLimit { get { return sizeLimit; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the recursion limit for this stream. This limit is applied whilst reading messages,
+        /// to avoid maliciously-recursive data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The default limit is 100.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The recursion limit for this stream.
+        /// </value>
+        public int RecursionLimit { get { return recursionLimit; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Internal-only property; when set to true, unknown fields will be discarded while parsing.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal bool DiscardUnknownFields { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Internal-only property; provides extension identifiers to compatible messages while parsing.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal ExtensionRegistry ExtensionRegistry { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Disposes of this instance, potentially closing any underlying stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// As there is no flushing to perform here, disposing of a <see cref="CodedInputStream"/> which
+        /// was constructed with the <c>leaveOpen</c> option parameter set to <c>true</c> (or one which
+        /// was constructed to read from a byte array) has no effect.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            if (!leaveOpen)
+            {
+                input.Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        #region Validation
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Verifies that the last call to ReadTag() returned tag 0 - in other words,
+        /// we've reached the end of the stream when we expected to.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidProtocolBufferException">The 
+        /// tag read was not the one specified</exception>
+        internal void CheckReadEndOfStreamTag()
+        {
+            if (lastTag != 0)
+            {
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.MoreDataAvailable();
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal void CheckLastTagWas(uint expectedTag)
+        {
+           if (lastTag != expectedTag) {
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidEndTag();
+           }
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Reading of tags etc
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Peeks at the next field tag. This is like calling <see cref="ReadTag"/>, but the
+        /// tag is not consumed. (So a subsequent call to <see cref="ReadTag"/> will return the
+        /// same value.)
+        /// </summary>
+        public uint PeekTag()
+        {
+            if (hasNextTag)
+            {
+                return nextTag;
+            }
+
+            uint savedLast = lastTag;
+            nextTag = ReadTag();
+            hasNextTag = true;
+            lastTag = savedLast; // Undo the side effect of ReadTag
+            return nextTag;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a field tag, returning the tag of 0 for "end of stream".
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// If this method returns 0, it doesn't necessarily mean the end of all
+        /// the data in this CodedInputStream; it may be the end of the logical stream
+        /// for an embedded message, for example.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <returns>The next field tag, or 0 for end of stream. (0 is never a valid tag.)</returns>
+        public uint ReadTag()
+        {
+            if (hasNextTag)
+            {
+                lastTag = nextTag;
+                hasNextTag = false;
+                return lastTag;
+            }
+
+            // Optimize for the incredibly common case of having at least two bytes left in the buffer,
+            // and those two bytes being enough to get the tag. This will be true for fields up to 4095.
+            if (bufferPos + 2 <= bufferSize)
+            {
+                int tmp = buffer[bufferPos++];
+                if (tmp < 128)
+                {
+                    lastTag = (uint)tmp;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    int result = tmp & 0x7f;
+                    if ((tmp = buffer[bufferPos++]) < 128)
+                    {
+                        result |= tmp << 7;
+                        lastTag = (uint) result;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // Nope, rewind and go the potentially slow route.
+                        bufferPos -= 2;
+                        lastTag = ReadRawVarint32();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (IsAtEnd)
+                {
+                    lastTag = 0;
+                    return 0;
+                }
+
+                lastTag = ReadRawVarint32();
+            }
+            if (WireFormat.GetTagFieldNumber(lastTag) == 0)
+            {
+                // If we actually read a tag with a field of 0, that's not a valid tag.
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidTag();
+            }
+            if (ReachedLimit)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            return lastTag;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Skips the data for the field with the tag we've just read.
+        /// This should be called directly after <see cref="ReadTag"/>, when
+        /// the caller wishes to skip an unknown field.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method throws <see cref="InvalidProtocolBufferException"/> if the last-read tag was an end-group tag.
+        /// If a caller wishes to skip a group, they should skip the whole group, by calling this method after reading the
+        /// start-group tag. This behavior allows callers to call this method on any field they don't understand, correctly
+        /// resulting in an error if an end-group tag has not been paired with an earlier start-group tag.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidProtocolBufferException">The last tag was an end-group tag</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The last read operation read to the end of the logical stream</exception>
+        public void SkipLastField()
+        {
+            if (lastTag == 0)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("SkipLastField cannot be called at the end of a stream");
+            }
+            switch (WireFormat.GetTagWireType(lastTag))
+            {
+                case WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup:
+                    SkipGroup(lastTag);
+                    break;
+                case WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup:
+                    throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                        "SkipLastField called on an end-group tag, indicating that the corresponding start-group was missing");
+                case WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32:
+                    ReadFixed32();
+                    break;
+                case WireFormat.WireType.Fixed64:
+                    ReadFixed64();
+                    break;
+                case WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited:
+                    var length = ReadLength();
+                    SkipRawBytes(length);
+                    break;
+                case WireFormat.WireType.Varint:
+                    ReadRawVarint32();
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Skip a group.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal void SkipGroup(uint startGroupTag)
+        {
+            // Note: Currently we expect this to be the way that groups are read. We could put the recursion
+            // depth changes into the ReadTag method instead, potentially...
+            recursionDepth++;
+            if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit)
+            {
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.RecursionLimitExceeded();
+            }
+            uint tag;
+            while (true)
+            {
+                tag = ReadTag();
+                if (tag == 0)
+                {
+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage();
+                }
+                // Can't call SkipLastField for this case- that would throw.
+                if (WireFormat.GetTagWireType(tag) == WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+                // This recursion will allow us to handle nested groups.
+                SkipLastField();
+            }
+            int startField = WireFormat.GetTagFieldNumber(startGroupTag);
+            int endField = WireFormat.GetTagFieldNumber(tag);
+            if (startField != endField)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                    $"Mismatched end-group tag. Started with field {startField}; ended with field {endField}");
+            }
+            recursionDepth--;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a double field from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public double ReadDouble()
+        {
+            if (bufferPos + 8 <= bufferSize)
+            {
+                if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
+                {
+                    var result = BitConverter.ToDouble(buffer, bufferPos);
+                    bufferPos += 8;
+                    return result;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var bytes = new byte[8];
+                    bytes[0] = buffer[bufferPos + 7];
+                    bytes[1] = buffer[bufferPos + 6];
+                    bytes[2] = buffer[bufferPos + 5];
+                    bytes[3] = buffer[bufferPos + 4];
+                    bytes[4] = buffer[bufferPos + 3];
+                    bytes[5] = buffer[bufferPos + 2];
+                    bytes[6] = buffer[bufferPos + 1];
+                    bytes[7] = buffer[bufferPos];
+                    bufferPos += 8;
+                    return BitConverter.ToDouble(bytes, 0);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble((long)ReadRawLittleEndian64());
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a float field from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public float ReadFloat()
+        {
+            if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian && 4 <= bufferSize - bufferPos)
+            {
+                float ret = BitConverter.ToSingle(buffer, bufferPos);
+                bufferPos += 4;
+                return ret;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                byte[] rawBytes = ReadRawBytes(4);
+                if (!BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
+                {
+                    ByteArray.Reverse(rawBytes);
+                }
+                return BitConverter.ToSingle(rawBytes, 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a uint64 field from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ulong ReadUInt64()
+        {
+            return ReadRawVarint64();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads an int64 field from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public long ReadInt64()
+        {
+            return (long) ReadRawVarint64();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads an int32 field from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int ReadInt32()
+        {
+            return (int) ReadRawVarint32();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a fixed64 field from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ulong ReadFixed64()
+        {
+            return ReadRawLittleEndian64();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a fixed32 field from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public uint ReadFixed32()
+        {
+            return ReadRawLittleEndian32();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a bool field from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool ReadBool()
+        {
+            return ReadRawVarint32() != 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a string field from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string ReadString()
+        {
+            int length = ReadLength();
+            // No need to read any data for an empty string.
+            if (length == 0)
+            {
+                return "";
+            }
+            if (length <= bufferSize - bufferPos && length > 0)
+            {
+                // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
+                //   just copy directly from it.
+                String result = CodedOutputStream.Utf8Encoding.GetString(buffer, bufferPos, length);
+                bufferPos += length;
+                return result;
+            }
+            // Slow path: Build a byte array first then copy it.
+            return CodedOutputStream.Utf8Encoding.GetString(ReadRawBytes(length), 0, length);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads an embedded message field value from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void ReadMessage(IMessage builder)
+        {
+            int length = ReadLength();
+            if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit)
+            {
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.RecursionLimitExceeded();
+            }
+            int oldLimit = PushLimit(length);
+            ++recursionDepth;
+            builder.MergeFrom(this);
+            CheckReadEndOfStreamTag();
+            // Check that we've read exactly as much data as expected.
+            if (!ReachedLimit)
+            {
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage();
+            }
+            --recursionDepth;
+            PopLimit(oldLimit);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads an embedded group field from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void ReadGroup(IMessage builder)
+        {
+            if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit)
+            {
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.RecursionLimitExceeded();
+            }
+            ++recursionDepth;
+
+            uint tag = lastTag;
+            int fieldNumber = WireFormat.GetTagFieldNumber(tag);
+
+            builder.MergeFrom(this);
+            CheckLastTagWas(WireFormat.MakeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup));
+            --recursionDepth;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads an embedded group unknown field from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal void ReadGroup(int fieldNumber, UnknownFieldSet set)
+        {
+            if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit)
+            {
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.RecursionLimitExceeded();
+            }
+            ++recursionDepth;
+            set.MergeGroupFrom(this);
+            CheckLastTagWas(WireFormat.MakeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup));
+            --recursionDepth;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a bytes field value from the stream.
+        /// </summary>   
+        public ByteString ReadBytes()
+        {
+            int length = ReadLength();
+            if (length <= bufferSize - bufferPos && length > 0)
+            {
+                // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
+                //   just copy directly from it.
+                ByteString result = ByteString.CopyFrom(buffer, bufferPos, length);
+                bufferPos += length;
+                return result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Slow path:  Build a byte array and attach it to a new ByteString.
+                return ByteString.AttachBytes(ReadRawBytes(length));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a uint32 field value from the stream.
+        /// </summary>   
+        public uint ReadUInt32()
+        {
+            return ReadRawVarint32();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads an enum field value from the stream.
+        /// </summary>   
+        public int ReadEnum()
+        {
+            // Currently just a pass-through, but it's nice to separate it logically from WriteInt32.
+            return (int) ReadRawVarint32();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads an sfixed32 field value from the stream.
+        /// </summary>   
+        public int ReadSFixed32()
+        {
+            return (int) ReadRawLittleEndian32();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads an sfixed64 field value from the stream.
+        /// </summary>   
+        public long ReadSFixed64()
+        {
+            return (long) ReadRawLittleEndian64();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads an sint32 field value from the stream.
+        /// </summary>   
+        public int ReadSInt32()
+        {
+            return DecodeZigZag32(ReadRawVarint32());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads an sint64 field value from the stream.
+        /// </summary>   
+        public long ReadSInt64()
+        {
+            return DecodeZigZag64(ReadRawVarint64());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a length for length-delimited data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This is internally just reading a varint, but this method exists
+        /// to make the calling code clearer.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public int ReadLength()
+        {
+            return (int) ReadRawVarint32();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Peeks at the next tag in the stream. If it matches <paramref name="tag"/>,
+        /// the tag is consumed and the method returns <c>true</c>; otherwise, the
+        /// stream is left in the original position and the method returns <c>false</c>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool MaybeConsumeTag(uint tag)
+        {
+            if (PeekTag() == tag)
+            {
+                hasNextTag = false;
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        internal static float? ReadFloatWrapperLittleEndian(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            // length:1 + tag:1 + value:4 = 6 bytes
+            if (input.bufferPos + 6 <= input.bufferSize)
+            {
+                // The entire wrapper message is already contained in `buffer`.
+                int length = input.buffer[input.bufferPos];
+                if (length == 0)
+                {
+                    input.bufferPos++;
+                    return 0F;
+                }
+                // tag:1 + value:4 = length of 5 bytes
+                // field=1, type=32-bit = tag of 13
+                if (length != 5 || input.buffer[input.bufferPos + 1] != 13)
+                {
+                    return ReadFloatWrapperSlow(input);
+                }
+                var result = BitConverter.ToSingle(input.buffer, input.bufferPos + 2);
+                input.bufferPos += 6;
+                return result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return ReadFloatWrapperSlow(input);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static float? ReadFloatWrapperSlow(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            int length = input.ReadLength();
+            if (length == 0)
+            {
+                return 0F;
+            }
+            int finalBufferPos = input.totalBytesRetired + input.bufferPos + length;
+            float result = 0F;
+            do
+            {
+                // field=1, type=32-bit = tag of 13
+                if (input.ReadTag() == 13)
+                {
+                    result = input.ReadFloat();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    input.SkipLastField();
+                }
+            }
+            while (input.totalBytesRetired + input.bufferPos < finalBufferPos);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        internal static double? ReadDoubleWrapperLittleEndian(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            // length:1 + tag:1 + value:8 = 10 bytes
+            if (input.bufferPos + 10 <= input.bufferSize)
+            {
+                // The entire wrapper message is already contained in `buffer`.
+                int length = input.buffer[input.bufferPos];
+                if (length == 0)
+                {
+                    input.bufferPos++;
+                    return 0D;
+                }
+                // tag:1 + value:8 = length of 9 bytes
+                // field=1, type=64-bit = tag of 9
+                if (length != 9 || input.buffer[input.bufferPos + 1] != 9)
+                {
+                    return ReadDoubleWrapperSlow(input);
+                }
+                var result = BitConverter.ToDouble(input.buffer, input.bufferPos + 2);
+                input.bufferPos += 10;
+                return result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return ReadDoubleWrapperSlow(input);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static double? ReadDoubleWrapperSlow(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            int length = input.ReadLength();
+            if (length == 0)
+            {
+                return 0D;
+            }
+            int finalBufferPos = input.totalBytesRetired + input.bufferPos + length;
+            double result = 0D;
+            do
+            {
+                // field=1, type=64-bit = tag of 9
+                if (input.ReadTag() == 9)
+                {
+                    result = input.ReadDouble();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    input.SkipLastField();
+                }
+            }
+            while (input.totalBytesRetired + input.bufferPos < finalBufferPos);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        internal static bool? ReadBoolWrapper(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            return ReadUInt32Wrapper(input) != 0;
+        }
+
+        internal static uint? ReadUInt32Wrapper(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            // length:1 + tag:1 + value:5(varint32-max) = 7 bytes
+            if (input.bufferPos + 7 <= input.bufferSize)
+            {
+                // The entire wrapper message is already contained in `buffer`.
+                int pos0 = input.bufferPos;
+                int length = input.buffer[input.bufferPos++];
+                if (length == 0)
+                {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                // Length will always fit in a single byte.
+                if (length >= 128)
+                {
+                    input.bufferPos = pos0;
+                    return ReadUInt32WrapperSlow(input);
+                }
+                int finalBufferPos = input.bufferPos + length;
+                // field=1, type=varint = tag of 8
+                if (input.buffer[input.bufferPos++] != 8)
+                {
+                    input.bufferPos = pos0;
+                    return ReadUInt32WrapperSlow(input);
+                }
+                var result = input.ReadUInt32();
+                // Verify this message only contained a single field.
+                if (input.bufferPos != finalBufferPos)
+                {
+                    input.bufferPos = pos0;
+                    return ReadUInt32WrapperSlow(input);
+                }
+                return result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return ReadUInt32WrapperSlow(input);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static uint? ReadUInt32WrapperSlow(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            int length = input.ReadLength();
+            if (length == 0)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            int finalBufferPos = input.totalBytesRetired + input.bufferPos + length;
+            uint result = 0;
+            do
+            {
+                // field=1, type=varint = tag of 8
+                if (input.ReadTag() == 8)
+                {
+                    result = input.ReadUInt32();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    input.SkipLastField();
+                }
+            }
+            while (input.totalBytesRetired + input.bufferPos < finalBufferPos);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        internal static int? ReadInt32Wrapper(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            return (int?)ReadUInt32Wrapper(input);
+        }
+
+        internal static ulong? ReadUInt64Wrapper(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            // field=1, type=varint = tag of 8
+            const int expectedTag = 8;
+            // length:1 + tag:1 + value:10(varint64-max) = 12 bytes
+            if (input.bufferPos + 12 <= input.bufferSize)
+            {
+                // The entire wrapper message is already contained in `buffer`.
+                int pos0 = input.bufferPos;
+                int length = input.buffer[input.bufferPos++];
+                if (length == 0)
+                {
+                    return 0L;
+                }
+                // Length will always fit in a single byte.
+                if (length >= 128)
+                {
+                    input.bufferPos = pos0;
+                    return ReadUInt64WrapperSlow(input);
+                }
+                int finalBufferPos = input.bufferPos + length;
+                if (input.buffer[input.bufferPos++] != expectedTag)
+                {
+                    input.bufferPos = pos0;
+                    return ReadUInt64WrapperSlow(input);
+                }
+                var result = input.ReadUInt64();
+                // Verify this message only contained a single field.
+                if (input.bufferPos != finalBufferPos)
+                {
+                    input.bufferPos = pos0;
+                    return ReadUInt64WrapperSlow(input);
+                }
+                return result;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return ReadUInt64WrapperSlow(input);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static ulong? ReadUInt64WrapperSlow(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            // field=1, type=varint = tag of 8
+            const int expectedTag = 8;
+            int length = input.ReadLength();
+            if (length == 0)
+            {
+                return 0L;
+            }
+            int finalBufferPos = input.totalBytesRetired + input.bufferPos + length;
+            ulong result = 0L;
+            do
+            {
+                if (input.ReadTag() == expectedTag)
+                {
+                    result = input.ReadUInt64();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    input.SkipLastField();
+                }
+            }
+            while (input.totalBytesRetired + input.bufferPos < finalBufferPos);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        internal static long? ReadInt64Wrapper(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            return (long?)ReadUInt64Wrapper(input);
+        }
+
+#endregion
+
+        #region Underlying reading primitives
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Same code as ReadRawVarint32, but read each byte individually, checking for
+        /// buffer overflow.
+        /// </summary>
+        private uint SlowReadRawVarint32()
+        {
+            int tmp = ReadRawByte();
+            if (tmp < 128)
+            {
+                return (uint) tmp;
+            }
+            int result = tmp & 0x7f;
+            if ((tmp = ReadRawByte()) < 128)
+            {
+                result |= tmp << 7;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 7;
+                if ((tmp = ReadRawByte()) < 128)
+                {
+                    result |= tmp << 14;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 14;
+                    if ((tmp = ReadRawByte()) < 128)
+                    {
+                        result |= tmp << 21;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 21;
+                        result |= (tmp = ReadRawByte()) << 28;
+                        if (tmp >= 128)
+                        {
+                            // Discard upper 32 bits.
+                            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+                            {
+                                if (ReadRawByte() < 128)
+                                {
+                                    return (uint) result;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.MalformedVarint();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return (uint) result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a raw Varint from the stream.  If larger than 32 bits, discard the upper bits.
+        /// This method is optimised for the case where we've got lots of data in the buffer.
+        /// That means we can check the size just once, then just read directly from the buffer
+        /// without constant rechecking of the buffer length.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal uint ReadRawVarint32()
+        {
+            if (bufferPos + 5 > bufferSize)
+            {
+                return SlowReadRawVarint32();
+            }
+
+            int tmp = buffer[bufferPos++];
+            if (tmp < 128)
+            {
+                return (uint) tmp;
+            }
+            int result = tmp & 0x7f;
+            if ((tmp = buffer[bufferPos++]) < 128)
+            {
+                result |= tmp << 7;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 7;
+                if ((tmp = buffer[bufferPos++]) < 128)
+                {
+                    result |= tmp << 14;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 14;
+                    if ((tmp = buffer[bufferPos++]) < 128)
+                    {
+                        result |= tmp << 21;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 21;
+                        result |= (tmp = buffer[bufferPos++]) << 28;
+                        if (tmp >= 128)
+                        {
+                            // Discard upper 32 bits.
+                            // Note that this has to use ReadRawByte() as we only ensure we've
+                            // got at least 5 bytes at the start of the method. This lets us
+                            // use the fast path in more cases, and we rarely hit this section of code.
+                            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+                            {
+                                if (ReadRawByte() < 128)
+                                {
+                                    return (uint) result;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.MalformedVarint();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return (uint) result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a varint from the input one byte at a time, so that it does not
+        /// read any bytes after the end of the varint. If you simply wrapped the
+        /// stream in a CodedInputStream and used ReadRawVarint32(Stream)
+        /// then you would probably end up reading past the end of the varint since
+        /// CodedInputStream buffers its input.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="input"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        internal static uint ReadRawVarint32(Stream input)
+        {
+            int result = 0;
+            int offset = 0;
+            for (; offset < 32; offset += 7)
+            {
+                int b = input.ReadByte();
+                if (b == -1)
+                {
+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage();
+                }
+                result |= (b & 0x7f) << offset;
+                if ((b & 0x80) == 0)
+                {
+                    return (uint) result;
+                }
+            }
+            // Keep reading up to 64 bits.
+            for (; offset < 64; offset += 7)
+            {
+                int b = input.ReadByte();
+                if (b == -1)
+                {
+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage();
+                }
+                if ((b & 0x80) == 0)
+                {
+                    return (uint) result;
+                }
+            }
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.MalformedVarint();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a raw varint from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal ulong ReadRawVarint64()
+        {
+            if (bufferPos + 10 <= bufferSize)
+            {
+                ulong result = buffer[bufferPos++];
+                if (result < 128)
+                {
+                    return result;
+                }
+                result &= 0x7f;
+                int shift = 7;
+                do
+                {
+                    byte b = buffer[bufferPos++];
+                    result |= (ulong)(b & 0x7F) << shift;
+                    if (b < 0x80)
+                    {
+                        return result;
+                    }
+                    shift += 7;
+                }
+                while (shift < 64);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                int shift = 0;
+                ulong result = 0;
+                do
+                {
+                    byte b = ReadRawByte();
+                    result |= (ulong)(b & 0x7F) << shift;
+                    if (b < 0x80)
+                    {
+                        return result;
+                    }
+                    shift += 7;
+                }
+                while (shift < 64);
+            }
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.MalformedVarint();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a 32-bit little-endian integer from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal uint ReadRawLittleEndian32()
+        {
+            if (bufferPos + 4 <= bufferSize)
+            {
+                if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
+                {
+                    var result = BitConverter.ToUInt32(buffer, bufferPos);
+                    bufferPos += 4;
+                    return result;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    uint b1 = buffer[bufferPos];
+                    uint b2 = buffer[bufferPos + 1];
+                    uint b3 = buffer[bufferPos + 2];
+                    uint b4 = buffer[bufferPos + 3];
+                    bufferPos += 4;
+                    return b1 | (b2 << 8) | (b3 << 16) | (b4 << 24);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                uint b1 = ReadRawByte();
+                uint b2 = ReadRawByte();
+                uint b3 = ReadRawByte();
+                uint b4 = ReadRawByte();
+                return b1 | (b2 << 8) | (b3 << 16) | (b4 << 24);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a 64-bit little-endian integer from the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal ulong ReadRawLittleEndian64()
+        {
+            if (bufferPos + 8 <= bufferSize)
+            {
+                if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
+                {
+                    var result = BitConverter.ToUInt64(buffer, bufferPos);
+                    bufferPos += 8;
+                    return result;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ulong b1 = buffer[bufferPos];
+                    ulong b2 = buffer[bufferPos + 1];
+                    ulong b3 = buffer[bufferPos + 2];
+                    ulong b4 = buffer[bufferPos + 3];
+                    ulong b5 = buffer[bufferPos + 4];
+                    ulong b6 = buffer[bufferPos + 5];
+                    ulong b7 = buffer[bufferPos + 6];
+                    ulong b8 = buffer[bufferPos + 7];
+                    bufferPos += 8;
+                    return b1 | (b2 << 8) | (b3 << 16) | (b4 << 24)
+                           | (b5 << 32) | (b6 << 40) | (b7 << 48) | (b8 << 56);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ulong b1 = ReadRawByte();
+                ulong b2 = ReadRawByte();
+                ulong b3 = ReadRawByte();
+                ulong b4 = ReadRawByte();
+                ulong b5 = ReadRawByte();
+                ulong b6 = ReadRawByte();
+                ulong b7 = ReadRawByte();
+                ulong b8 = ReadRawByte();
+                return b1 | (b2 << 8) | (b3 << 16) | (b4 << 24)
+                       | (b5 << 32) | (b6 << 40) | (b7 << 48) | (b8 << 56);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Decode a 32-bit value with ZigZag encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// ZigZag encodes signed integers into values that can be efficiently
+        /// encoded with varint.  (Otherwise, negative values must be 
+        /// sign-extended to 64 bits to be varint encoded, thus always taking
+        /// 10 bytes on the wire.)
+        /// </remarks>
+        internal static int DecodeZigZag32(uint n)
+        {
+            return (int)(n >> 1) ^ -(int)(n & 1);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Decode a 32-bit value with ZigZag encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// ZigZag encodes signed integers into values that can be efficiently
+        /// encoded with varint.  (Otherwise, negative values must be 
+        /// sign-extended to 64 bits to be varint encoded, thus always taking
+        /// 10 bytes on the wire.)
+        /// </remarks>
+        internal static long DecodeZigZag64(ulong n)
+        {
+            return (long)(n >> 1) ^ -(long)(n & 1);
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Internal reading and buffer management
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets currentLimit to (current position) + byteLimit. This is called
+        /// when descending into a length-delimited embedded message. The previous
+        /// limit is returned.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The old limit.</returns>
+        internal int PushLimit(int byteLimit)
+        {
+            if (byteLimit < 0)
+            {
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.NegativeSize();
+            }
+            byteLimit += totalBytesRetired + bufferPos;
+            int oldLimit = currentLimit;
+            if (byteLimit > oldLimit)
+            {
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage();
+            }
+            currentLimit = byteLimit;
+
+            RecomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+
+            return oldLimit;
+        }
+
+        private void RecomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit()
+        {
+            bufferSize += bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+            int bufferEnd = totalBytesRetired + bufferSize;
+            if (bufferEnd > currentLimit)
+            {
+                // Limit is in current buffer.
+                bufferSizeAfterLimit = bufferEnd - currentLimit;
+                bufferSize -= bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                bufferSizeAfterLimit = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Discards the current limit, returning the previous limit.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal void PopLimit(int oldLimit)
+        {
+            currentLimit = oldLimit;
+            RecomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns whether or not all the data before the limit has been read.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        internal bool ReachedLimit
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (currentLimit == int.MaxValue)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                int currentAbsolutePosition = totalBytesRetired + bufferPos;
+                return currentAbsolutePosition >= currentLimit;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns true if the stream has reached the end of the input. This is the
+        /// case if either the end of the underlying input source has been reached or
+        /// the stream has reached a limit created using PushLimit.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsAtEnd
+        {
+            get { return bufferPos == bufferSize && !RefillBuffer(false); }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Called when buffer is empty to read more bytes from the
+        /// input.  If <paramref name="mustSucceed"/> is true, RefillBuffer() gurantees that
+        /// either there will be at least one byte in the buffer when it returns
+        /// or it will throw an exception.  If <paramref name="mustSucceed"/> is false,
+        /// RefillBuffer() returns false if no more bytes were available.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="mustSucceed"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private bool RefillBuffer(bool mustSucceed)
+        {
+            if (bufferPos < bufferSize)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("RefillBuffer() called when buffer wasn't empty.");
+            }
+
+            if (totalBytesRetired + bufferSize == currentLimit)
+            {
+                // Oops, we hit a limit.
+                if (mustSucceed)
+                {
+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            totalBytesRetired += bufferSize;
+
+            bufferPos = 0;
+            bufferSize = (input == null) ? 0 : input.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
+            if (bufferSize < 0)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Stream.Read returned a negative count");
+            }
+            if (bufferSize == 0)
+            {
+                if (mustSucceed)
+                {
+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                RecomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+                int totalBytesRead =
+                    totalBytesRetired + bufferSize + bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+                if (totalBytesRead < 0 || totalBytesRead > sizeLimit)
+                {
+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.SizeLimitExceeded();
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Read one byte from the input.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidProtocolBufferException">
+        /// the end of the stream or the current limit was reached
+        /// </exception>
+        internal byte ReadRawByte()
+        {
+            if (bufferPos == bufferSize)
+            {
+                RefillBuffer(true);
+            }
+            return buffer[bufferPos++];
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a fixed size of bytes from the input.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidProtocolBufferException">
+        /// the end of the stream or the current limit was reached
+        /// </exception>
+        internal byte[] ReadRawBytes(int size)
+        {
+            if (size < 0)
+            {
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.NegativeSize();
+            }
+
+            if (totalBytesRetired + bufferPos + size > currentLimit)
+            {
+                // Read to the end of the stream (up to the current limit) anyway.
+                SkipRawBytes(currentLimit - totalBytesRetired - bufferPos);
+                // Then fail.
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage();
+            }
+
+            if (size <= bufferSize - bufferPos)
+            {
+                // We have all the bytes we need already.
+                byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+                ByteArray.Copy(buffer, bufferPos, bytes, 0, size);
+                bufferPos += size;
+                return bytes;
+            }
+            else if (size < buffer.Length)
+            {
+                // Reading more bytes than are in the buffer, but not an excessive number
+                // of bytes.  We can safely allocate the resulting array ahead of time.
+
+                // First copy what we have.
+                byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+                int pos = bufferSize - bufferPos;
+                ByteArray.Copy(buffer, bufferPos, bytes, 0, pos);
+                bufferPos = bufferSize;
+
+                // We want to use RefillBuffer() and then copy from the buffer into our
+                // byte array rather than reading directly into our byte array because
+                // the input may be unbuffered.
+                RefillBuffer(true);
+
+                while (size - pos > bufferSize)
+                {
+                    Buffer.BlockCopy(buffer, 0, bytes, pos, bufferSize);
+                    pos += bufferSize;
+                    bufferPos = bufferSize;
+                    RefillBuffer(true);
+                }
+
+                ByteArray.Copy(buffer, 0, bytes, pos, size - pos);
+                bufferPos = size - pos;
+
+                return bytes;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // The size is very large.  For security reasons, we can't allocate the
+                // entire byte array yet.  The size comes directly from the input, so a
+                // maliciously-crafted message could provide a bogus very large size in
+                // order to trick the app into allocating a lot of memory.  We avoid this
+                // by allocating and reading only a small chunk at a time, so that the
+                // malicious message must actually *be* extremely large to cause
+                // problems.  Meanwhile, we limit the allowed size of a message elsewhere.
+
+                // Remember the buffer markers since we'll have to copy the bytes out of
+                // it later.
+                int originalBufferPos = bufferPos;
+                int originalBufferSize = bufferSize;
+
+                // Mark the current buffer consumed.
+                totalBytesRetired += bufferSize;
+                bufferPos = 0;
+                bufferSize = 0;
+
+                // Read all the rest of the bytes we need.
+                int sizeLeft = size - (originalBufferSize - originalBufferPos);
+                List<byte[]> chunks = new List<byte[]>();
+
+                while (sizeLeft > 0)
+                {
+                    byte[] chunk = new byte[Math.Min(sizeLeft, buffer.Length)];
+                    int pos = 0;
+                    while (pos < chunk.Length)
+                    {
+                        int n = (input == null) ? -1 : input.Read(chunk, pos, chunk.Length - pos);
+                        if (n <= 0)
+                        {
+                            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage();
+                        }
+                        totalBytesRetired += n;
+                        pos += n;
+                    }
+                    sizeLeft -= chunk.Length;
+                    chunks.Add(chunk);
+                }
+
+                // OK, got everything.  Now concatenate it all into one buffer.
+                byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+
+                // Start by copying the leftover bytes from this.buffer.
+                int newPos = originalBufferSize - originalBufferPos;
+                ByteArray.Copy(buffer, originalBufferPos, bytes, 0, newPos);
+
+                // And now all the chunks.
+                foreach (byte[] chunk in chunks)
+                {
+                    Buffer.BlockCopy(chunk, 0, bytes, newPos, chunk.Length);
+                    newPos += chunk.Length;
+                }
+
+                // Done.
+                return bytes;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads and discards <paramref name="size"/> bytes.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidProtocolBufferException">the end of the stream
+        /// or the current limit was reached</exception>
+        private void SkipRawBytes(int size)
+        {
+            if (size < 0)
+            {
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.NegativeSize();
+            }
+
+            if (totalBytesRetired + bufferPos + size > currentLimit)
+            {
+                // Read to the end of the stream anyway.
+                SkipRawBytes(currentLimit - totalBytesRetired - bufferPos);
+                // Then fail.
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage();
+            }
+
+            if (size <= bufferSize - bufferPos)
+            {
+                // We have all the bytes we need already.
+                bufferPos += size;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Skipping more bytes than are in the buffer.  First skip what we have.
+                int pos = bufferSize - bufferPos;
+
+                // ROK 5/7/2013 Issue #54: should retire all bytes in buffer (bufferSize)
+                // totalBytesRetired += pos;
+                totalBytesRetired += bufferSize;
+                
+                bufferPos = 0;
+                bufferSize = 0;
+
+                // Then skip directly from the InputStream for the rest.
+                if (pos < size)
+                {
+                    if (input == null)
+                    {
+                        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage();
+                    }
+                    SkipImpl(size - pos);
+                    totalBytesRetired += size - pos;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Abstraction of skipping to cope with streams which can't really skip.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void SkipImpl(int amountToSkip)
+        {
+            if (input.CanSeek)
+            {
+                long previousPosition = input.Position;
+                input.Position += amountToSkip;
+                if (input.Position != previousPosition + amountToSkip)
+                {
+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage();
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                byte[] skipBuffer = new byte[Math.Min(1024, amountToSkip)];
+                while (amountToSkip > 0)
+                {
+                    int bytesRead = input.Read(skipBuffer, 0, Math.Min(skipBuffer.Length, amountToSkip));
+                    if (bytesRead <= 0)
+                    {
+                        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.TruncatedMessage();
+                    }
+                    amountToSkip -= bytesRead;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#endregion
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedOutputStream.ComputeSize.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedOutputStream.ComputeSize.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa7932470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedOutputStream.ComputeSize.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    // This part of CodedOutputStream provides all the static entry points that are used
+    // by generated code and internally to compute the size of messages prior to being
+    // written to an instance of CodedOutputStream.
+    public sealed partial class CodedOutputStream
+    {
+        private const int LittleEndian64Size = 8;
+        private const int LittleEndian32Size = 4;        
+
+        internal const int DoubleSize = LittleEndian64Size;
+        internal const int FloatSize = LittleEndian32Size;
+        internal const int BoolSize = 1;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a
+        /// double field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeDoubleSize(double value)
+        {
+            return DoubleSize;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a
+        /// float field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeFloatSize(float value)
+        {
+            return FloatSize;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a
+        /// uint64 field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeUInt64Size(ulong value)
+        {
+            return ComputeRawVarint64Size(value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an
+        /// int64 field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeInt64Size(long value)
+        {
+            return ComputeRawVarint64Size((ulong) value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an
+        /// int32 field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeInt32Size(int value)
+        {
+            if (value >= 0)
+            {
+                return ComputeRawVarint32Size((uint) value);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Must sign-extend.
+                return 10;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a
+        /// fixed64 field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeFixed64Size(ulong value)
+        {
+            return LittleEndian64Size;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a
+        /// fixed32 field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeFixed32Size(uint value)
+        {
+            return LittleEndian32Size;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a
+        /// bool field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeBoolSize(bool value)
+        {
+            return BoolSize;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a
+        /// string field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeStringSize(String value)
+        {
+            int byteArraySize = Utf8Encoding.GetByteCount(value);
+            return ComputeLengthSize(byteArraySize) + byteArraySize;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a
+        /// group field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeGroupSize(IMessage value)
+        {
+            return value.CalculateSize();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an
+        /// embedded message field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeMessageSize(IMessage value)
+        {
+            int size = value.CalculateSize();
+            return ComputeLengthSize(size) + size;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a
+        /// bytes field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeBytesSize(ByteString value)
+        {
+            return ComputeLengthSize(value.Length) + value.Length;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a
+        /// uint32 field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeUInt32Size(uint value)
+        {
+            return ComputeRawVarint32Size(value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a
+        /// enum field, including the tag. The caller is responsible for
+        /// converting the enum value to its numeric value.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeEnumSize(int value)
+        {
+            // Currently just a pass-through, but it's nice to separate it logically.
+            return ComputeInt32Size(value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an
+        /// sfixed32 field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeSFixed32Size(int value)
+        {
+            return LittleEndian32Size;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an
+        /// sfixed64 field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeSFixed64Size(long value)
+        {
+            return LittleEndian64Size;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an
+        /// sint32 field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeSInt32Size(int value)
+        {
+            return ComputeRawVarint32Size(EncodeZigZag32(value));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an
+        /// sint64 field, including the tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeSInt64Size(long value)
+        {
+            return ComputeRawVarint64Size(EncodeZigZag64(value));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a length,
+        /// as written by <see cref="WriteLength"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeLengthSize(int length)
+        {
+            return ComputeRawVarint32Size((uint) length);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a varint.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeRawVarint32Size(uint value)
+        {
+            if ((value & (0xffffffff << 7)) == 0)
+            {
+                return 1;
+            }
+            if ((value & (0xffffffff << 14)) == 0)
+            {
+                return 2;
+            }
+            if ((value & (0xffffffff << 21)) == 0)
+            {
+                return 3;
+            }
+            if ((value & (0xffffffff << 28)) == 0)
+            {
+                return 4;
+            }
+            return 5;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a varint.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeRawVarint64Size(ulong value)
+        {
+            if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 7)) == 0)
+            {
+                return 1;
+            }
+            if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 14)) == 0)
+            {
+                return 2;
+            }
+            if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 21)) == 0)
+            {
+                return 3;
+            }
+            if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 28)) == 0)
+            {
+                return 4;
+            }
+            if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 35)) == 0)
+            {
+                return 5;
+            }
+            if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 42)) == 0)
+            {
+                return 6;
+            }
+            if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 49)) == 0)
+            {
+                return 7;
+            }
+            if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 56)) == 0)
+            {
+                return 8;
+            }
+            if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 63)) == 0)
+            {
+                return 9;
+            }
+            return 10;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int ComputeTagSize(int fieldNumber)
+        {
+            return ComputeRawVarint32Size(WireFormat.MakeTag(fieldNumber, 0));
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedOutputStream.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedOutputStream.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9ad29086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/CodedOutputStream.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,770 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Encodes and writes protocol message fields.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// <para>
+    /// This class is generally used by generated code to write appropriate
+    /// primitives to the stream. It effectively encapsulates the lowest
+    /// levels of protocol buffer format. Unlike some other implementations,
+    /// this does not include combined "write tag and value" methods. Generated
+    /// code knows the exact byte representations of the tags they're going to write,
+    /// so there's no need to re-encode them each time. Manually-written code calling
+    /// this class should just call one of the <c>WriteTag</c> overloads before each value.
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>
+    /// Repeated fields and map fields are not handled by this class; use <c>RepeatedField&lt;T&gt;</c>
+    /// and <c>MapField&lt;TKey, TValue&gt;</c> to serialize such fields.
+    /// </para>
+    /// </remarks>
+    public sealed partial class CodedOutputStream : IDisposable
+    {
+        // "Local" copy of Encoding.UTF8, for efficiency. (Yes, it makes a difference.)
+        internal static readonly Encoding Utf8Encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The buffer size used by CreateInstance(Stream).
+        /// </summary>
+        public static readonly int DefaultBufferSize = 4096;
+
+        private readonly bool leaveOpen;
+        private readonly byte[] buffer;
+        private readonly int limit;
+        private int position;
+        private readonly Stream output;
+
+        #region Construction
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new CodedOutputStream that writes directly to the given
+        /// byte array. If more bytes are written than fit in the array,
+        /// OutOfSpaceException will be thrown.
+        /// </summary>
+        public CodedOutputStream(byte[] flatArray) : this(flatArray, 0, flatArray.Length)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new CodedOutputStream that writes directly to the given
+        /// byte array slice. If more bytes are written than fit in the array,
+        /// OutOfSpaceException will be thrown.
+        /// </summary>
+        private CodedOutputStream(byte[] buffer, int offset, int length)
+        {
+            this.output = null;
+            this.buffer = buffer;
+            this.position = offset;
+            this.limit = offset + length;
+            leaveOpen = true; // Simple way of avoiding trying to dispose of a null reference
+        }
+
+        private CodedOutputStream(Stream output, byte[] buffer, bool leaveOpen)
+        {
+            this.output = ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(output, nameof(output));
+            this.buffer = buffer;
+            this.position = 0;
+            this.limit = buffer.Length;
+            this.leaveOpen = leaveOpen;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new <see cref="CodedOutputStream" /> which write to the given stream, and disposes of that
+        /// stream when the returned <c>CodedOutputStream</c> is disposed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="output">The stream to write to. It will be disposed when the returned <c>CodedOutputStream is disposed.</c></param>
+        public CodedOutputStream(Stream output) : this(output, DefaultBufferSize, false)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new CodedOutputStream which write to the given stream and uses
+        /// the specified buffer size.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="output">The stream to write to. It will be disposed when the returned <c>CodedOutputStream is disposed.</c></param>
+        /// <param name="bufferSize">The size of buffer to use internally.</param>
+        public CodedOutputStream(Stream output, int bufferSize) : this(output, new byte[bufferSize], false)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new CodedOutputStream which write to the given stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="output">The stream to write to.</param>
+        /// <param name="leaveOpen">If <c>true</c>, <paramref name="output"/> is left open when the returned <c>CodedOutputStream</c> is disposed;
+        /// if <c>false</c>, the provided stream is disposed as well.</param>
+        public CodedOutputStream(Stream output, bool leaveOpen) : this(output, DefaultBufferSize, leaveOpen)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new CodedOutputStream which write to the given stream and uses
+        /// the specified buffer size.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="output">The stream to write to.</param>
+        /// <param name="bufferSize">The size of buffer to use internally.</param>
+        /// <param name="leaveOpen">If <c>true</c>, <paramref name="output"/> is left open when the returned <c>CodedOutputStream</c> is disposed;
+        /// if <c>false</c>, the provided stream is disposed as well.</param>
+        public CodedOutputStream(Stream output, int bufferSize, bool leaveOpen) : this(output, new byte[bufferSize], leaveOpen)
+        {
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the current position in the stream, or the position in the output buffer
+        /// </summary>
+        public long Position
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (output != null)
+                {
+                    return output.Position + position;
+                }
+                return position;
+            }
+        }
+
+        #region Writing of values (not including tags)
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes a double field value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteDouble(double value)
+        {
+            WriteRawLittleEndian64((ulong)BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(value));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes a float field value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteFloat(float value)
+        {
+            byte[] rawBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(value);
+            if (!BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
+            {
+                ByteArray.Reverse(rawBytes);
+            }
+
+            if (limit - position >= 4)
+            {
+                buffer[position++] = rawBytes[0];
+                buffer[position++] = rawBytes[1];
+                buffer[position++] = rawBytes[2];
+                buffer[position++] = rawBytes[3];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                WriteRawBytes(rawBytes, 0, 4);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes a uint64 field value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteUInt64(ulong value)
+        {
+            WriteRawVarint64(value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes an int64 field value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteInt64(long value)
+        {
+            WriteRawVarint64((ulong) value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes an int32 field value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteInt32(int value)
+        {
+            if (value >= 0)
+            {
+                WriteRawVarint32((uint) value);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Must sign-extend.
+                WriteRawVarint64((ulong) value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes a fixed64 field value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteFixed64(ulong value)
+        {
+            WriteRawLittleEndian64(value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes a fixed32 field value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteFixed32(uint value)
+        {
+            WriteRawLittleEndian32(value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes a bool field value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteBool(bool value)
+        {
+            WriteRawByte(value ? (byte) 1 : (byte) 0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes a string field value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// The data is length-prefixed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteString(string value)
+        {
+            // Optimise the case where we have enough space to write
+            // the string directly to the buffer, which should be common.
+            int length = Utf8Encoding.GetByteCount(value);
+            WriteLength(length);
+            if (limit - position >= length)
+            {
+                if (length == value.Length) // Must be all ASCII...
+                {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
+                    {
+                        buffer[position + i] = (byte)value[i];
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Utf8Encoding.GetBytes(value, 0, value.Length, buffer, position);
+                }
+                position += length;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                byte[] bytes = Utf8Encoding.GetBytes(value);
+                WriteRawBytes(bytes);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes a message, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// The data is length-prefixed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteMessage(IMessage value)
+        {
+            WriteLength(value.CalculateSize());
+            value.WriteTo(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes a group, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteGroup(IMessage value)
+        {
+            value.WriteTo(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Write a byte string, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// The data is length-prefixed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteBytes(ByteString value)
+        {
+            WriteLength(value.Length);
+            value.WriteRawBytesTo(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes a uint32 value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteUInt32(uint value)
+        {
+            WriteRawVarint32(value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes an enum value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteEnum(int value)
+        {
+            WriteInt32(value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes an sfixed32 value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write.</param>
+        public void WriteSFixed32(int value)
+        {
+            WriteRawLittleEndian32((uint) value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes an sfixed64 value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteSFixed64(long value)
+        {
+            WriteRawLittleEndian64((ulong) value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes an sint32 value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteSInt32(int value)
+        {
+            WriteRawVarint32(EncodeZigZag32(value));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes an sint64 value, without a tag, to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write</param>
+        public void WriteSInt64(long value)
+        {
+            WriteRawVarint64(EncodeZigZag64(value));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes a length (in bytes) for length-delimited data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method simply writes a rawint, but exists for clarity in calling code.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="length">Length value, in bytes.</param>
+        public void WriteLength(int length)
+        {
+            WriteRawVarint32((uint) length);
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Raw tag writing
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Encodes and writes a tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="fieldNumber">The number of the field to write the tag for</param>
+        /// <param name="type">The wire format type of the tag to write</param>
+        public void WriteTag(int fieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType type)
+        {
+            WriteRawVarint32(WireFormat.MakeTag(fieldNumber, type));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes an already-encoded tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The encoded tag</param>
+        public void WriteTag(uint tag)
+        {
+            WriteRawVarint32(tag);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the given single-byte tag directly to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="b1">The encoded tag</param>
+        public void WriteRawTag(byte b1)
+        {
+            WriteRawByte(b1);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the given two-byte tag directly to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="b1">The first byte of the encoded tag</param>
+        /// <param name="b2">The second byte of the encoded tag</param>
+        public void WriteRawTag(byte b1, byte b2)
+        {
+            WriteRawByte(b1);
+            WriteRawByte(b2);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the given three-byte tag directly to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="b1">The first byte of the encoded tag</param>
+        /// <param name="b2">The second byte of the encoded tag</param>
+        /// <param name="b3">The third byte of the encoded tag</param>
+        public void WriteRawTag(byte b1, byte b2, byte b3)
+        {
+            WriteRawByte(b1);
+            WriteRawByte(b2);
+            WriteRawByte(b3);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the given four-byte tag directly to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="b1">The first byte of the encoded tag</param>
+        /// <param name="b2">The second byte of the encoded tag</param>
+        /// <param name="b3">The third byte of the encoded tag</param>
+        /// <param name="b4">The fourth byte of the encoded tag</param>
+        public void WriteRawTag(byte b1, byte b2, byte b3, byte b4)
+        {
+            WriteRawByte(b1);
+            WriteRawByte(b2);
+            WriteRawByte(b3);
+            WriteRawByte(b4);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the given five-byte tag directly to the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="b1">The first byte of the encoded tag</param>
+        /// <param name="b2">The second byte of the encoded tag</param>
+        /// <param name="b3">The third byte of the encoded tag</param>
+        /// <param name="b4">The fourth byte of the encoded tag</param>
+        /// <param name="b5">The fifth byte of the encoded tag</param>
+        public void WriteRawTag(byte b1, byte b2, byte b3, byte b4, byte b5)
+        {
+            WriteRawByte(b1);
+            WriteRawByte(b2);
+            WriteRawByte(b3);
+            WriteRawByte(b4);
+            WriteRawByte(b5);
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Underlying writing primitives
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes a 32 bit value as a varint. The fast route is taken when
+        /// there's enough buffer space left to whizz through without checking
+        /// for each byte; otherwise, we resort to calling WriteRawByte each time.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal void WriteRawVarint32(uint value)
+        {
+            // Optimize for the common case of a single byte value
+            if (value < 128 && position < limit)
+            {
+                buffer[position++] = (byte)value;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            while (value > 127 && position < limit)
+            {
+                buffer[position++] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+                value >>= 7;
+            }
+            while (value > 127)
+            {
+                WriteRawByte((byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+                value >>= 7;
+            }
+            if (position < limit)
+            {
+                buffer[position++] = (byte) value;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                WriteRawByte((byte) value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal void WriteRawVarint64(ulong value)
+        {
+            while (value > 127 && position < limit)
+            {
+                buffer[position++] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+                value >>= 7;
+            }
+            while (value > 127)
+            {
+                WriteRawByte((byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+                value >>= 7;
+            }
+            if (position < limit)
+            {
+                buffer[position++] = (byte) value;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                WriteRawByte((byte) value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal void WriteRawLittleEndian32(uint value)
+        {
+            if (position + 4 > limit)
+            {
+                WriteRawByte((byte) value);
+                WriteRawByte((byte) (value >> 8));
+                WriteRawByte((byte) (value >> 16));
+                WriteRawByte((byte) (value >> 24));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                buffer[position++] = ((byte) value);
+                buffer[position++] = ((byte) (value >> 8));
+                buffer[position++] = ((byte) (value >> 16));
+                buffer[position++] = ((byte) (value >> 24));
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal void WriteRawLittleEndian64(ulong value)
+        {
+            if (position + 8 > limit)
+            {
+                WriteRawByte((byte) value);
+                WriteRawByte((byte) (value >> 8));
+                WriteRawByte((byte) (value >> 16));
+                WriteRawByte((byte) (value >> 24));
+                WriteRawByte((byte) (value >> 32));
+                WriteRawByte((byte) (value >> 40));
+                WriteRawByte((byte) (value >> 48));
+                WriteRawByte((byte) (value >> 56));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                buffer[position++] = ((byte) value);
+                buffer[position++] = ((byte) (value >> 8));
+                buffer[position++] = ((byte) (value >> 16));
+                buffer[position++] = ((byte) (value >> 24));
+                buffer[position++] = ((byte) (value >> 32));
+                buffer[position++] = ((byte) (value >> 40));
+                buffer[position++] = ((byte) (value >> 48));
+                buffer[position++] = ((byte) (value >> 56));
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal void WriteRawByte(byte value)
+        {
+            if (position == limit)
+            {
+                RefreshBuffer();
+            }
+
+            buffer[position++] = value;
+        }
+
+        internal void WriteRawByte(uint value)
+        {
+            WriteRawByte((byte) value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes out an array of bytes.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal void WriteRawBytes(byte[] value)
+        {
+            WriteRawBytes(value, 0, value.Length);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes out part of an array of bytes.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal void WriteRawBytes(byte[] value, int offset, int length)
+        {
+            if (limit - position >= length)
+            {
+                ByteArray.Copy(value, offset, buffer, position, length);
+                // We have room in the current buffer.
+                position += length;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Write extends past current buffer.  Fill the rest of this buffer and
+                // flush.
+                int bytesWritten = limit - position;
+                ByteArray.Copy(value, offset, buffer, position, bytesWritten);
+                offset += bytesWritten;
+                length -= bytesWritten;
+                position = limit;
+                RefreshBuffer();
+
+                // Now deal with the rest.
+                // Since we have an output stream, this is our buffer
+                // and buffer offset == 0
+                if (length <= limit)
+                {
+                    // Fits in new buffer.
+                    ByteArray.Copy(value, offset, buffer, 0, length);
+                    position = length;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Write is very big.  Let's do it all at once.
+                    output.Write(value, offset, length);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Encode a 32-bit value with ZigZag encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// ZigZag encodes signed integers into values that can be efficiently
+        /// encoded with varint.  (Otherwise, negative values must be 
+        /// sign-extended to 64 bits to be varint encoded, thus always taking
+        /// 10 bytes on the wire.)
+        /// </remarks>
+        internal static uint EncodeZigZag32(int n)
+        {
+            // Note:  the right-shift must be arithmetic
+            return (uint) ((n << 1) ^ (n >> 31));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Encode a 64-bit value with ZigZag encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// ZigZag encodes signed integers into values that can be efficiently
+        /// encoded with varint.  (Otherwise, negative values must be 
+        /// sign-extended to 64 bits to be varint encoded, thus always taking
+        /// 10 bytes on the wire.)
+        /// </remarks>
+        internal static ulong EncodeZigZag64(long n)
+        {
+            return (ulong) ((n << 1) ^ (n >> 63));
+        }
+
+        private void RefreshBuffer()
+        {
+            if (output == null)
+            {
+                // We're writing to a single buffer.
+                throw new OutOfSpaceException();
+            }
+
+            // Since we have an output stream, this is our buffer
+            // and buffer offset == 0
+            output.Write(buffer, 0, position);
+            position = 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates that a CodedOutputStream wrapping a flat byte array
+        /// ran out of space.
+        /// </summary>
+        public sealed class OutOfSpaceException : IOException
+        {
+            internal OutOfSpaceException()
+                : base("CodedOutputStream was writing to a flat byte array and ran out of space.")
+            {
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Flushes any buffered data and optionally closes the underlying stream, if any.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>
+        /// By default, any underlying stream is closed by this method. To configure this behaviour,
+        /// use a constructor overload with a <c>leaveOpen</c> parameter. If this instance does not
+        /// have an underlying stream, this method does nothing.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        /// For the sake of efficiency, calling this method does not prevent future write calls - but
+        /// if a later write ends up writing to a stream which has been disposed, that is likely to
+        /// fail. It is recommend that you not call any other methods after this.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            Flush();
+            if (!leaveOpen)
+            {
+                output.Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Flushes any buffered data to the underlying stream (if there is one).
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Flush()
+        {
+            if (output != null)
+            {
+                RefreshBuffer();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Verifies that SpaceLeft returns zero. It's common to create a byte array
+        /// that is exactly big enough to hold a message, then write to it with
+        /// a CodedOutputStream. Calling CheckNoSpaceLeft after writing verifies that
+        /// the message was actually as big as expected, which can help bugs.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void CheckNoSpaceLeft()
+        {
+            if (SpaceLeft != 0)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Did not write as much data as expected.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// If writing to a flat array, returns the space left in the array. Otherwise,
+        /// throws an InvalidOperationException.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int SpaceLeft
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (output == null)
+                {
+                    return limit - position;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                        "SpaceLeft can only be called on CodedOutputStreams that are " +
+                        "writing to a flat array.");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/Lists.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/Lists.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..860795cee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/Lists.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Collections
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Utility to compare if two Lists are the same, and the hash code
+    /// of a List.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class Lists
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if two lists are equal.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool Equals<T>(List<T> left, List<T> right)
+        {
+            if (left == right)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (left == null || right == null)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (left.Count != right.Count)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            IEqualityComparer<T> comparer = EqualityComparer<T>.Default;
+            for (int i = 0; i < left.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (!comparer.Equals(left[i], right[i]))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the list's hash code.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int GetHashCode<T>(List<T> list)
+        {
+            if (list == null)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            int hash = 31;
+            foreach (T element in list)
+            {
+                hash = hash * 29 + element.GetHashCode();
+            }
+            return hash;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/MapField.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/MapField.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1924439e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/MapField.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,771 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Compatibility;
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Collections
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Representation of a map field in a Protocol Buffer message.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="TKey">Key type in the map. Must be a type supported by Protocol Buffer map keys.</typeparam>
+    /// <typeparam name="TValue">Value type in the map. Must be a type supported by Protocol Buffers.</typeparam>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// <para>
+    /// For string keys, the equality comparison is provided by <see cref="StringComparer.Ordinal" />.
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>
+    /// Null values are not permitted in the map, either for wrapper types or regular messages.
+    /// If a map is deserialized from a data stream and the value is missing from an entry, a default value
+    /// is created instead. For primitive types, that is the regular default value (0, the empty string and so
+    /// on); for message types, an empty instance of the message is created, as if the map entry contained a 0-length
+    /// encoded value for the field.
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>
+    /// This implementation does not generally prohibit the use of key/value types which are not
+    /// supported by Protocol Buffers (e.g. using a key type of <code>byte</code>) but nor does it guarantee
+    /// that all operations will work in such cases.
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>
+    /// The order in which entries are returned when iterating over this object is undefined, and may change
+    /// in future versions.
+    /// </para>
+    /// </remarks>
+    public sealed class MapField<TKey, TValue> : IDeepCloneable<MapField<TKey, TValue>>, IDictionary<TKey, TValue>, IEquatable<MapField<TKey, TValue>>, IDictionary
+#if !NET35
+        , IReadOnlyDictionary<TKey, TValue>
+#endif
+    {
+        private static readonly EqualityComparer<TValue> ValueEqualityComparer = ProtobufEqualityComparers.GetEqualityComparer<TValue>();
+        private static readonly EqualityComparer<TKey> KeyEqualityComparer = ProtobufEqualityComparers.GetEqualityComparer<TKey>();
+
+        // TODO: Don't create the map/list until we have an entry. (Assume many maps will be empty.)
+        private readonly Dictionary<TKey, LinkedListNode<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>> map =
+            new Dictionary<TKey, LinkedListNode<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>>(KeyEqualityComparer);
+        private readonly LinkedList<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> list = new LinkedList<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a deep clone of this object.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A deep clone of this object.
+        /// </returns>
+        public MapField<TKey, TValue> Clone()
+        {
+            var clone = new MapField<TKey, TValue>();
+            // Keys are never cloneable. Values might be.
+            if (typeof(IDeepCloneable<TValue>).IsAssignableFrom(typeof(TValue)))
+            {
+                foreach (var pair in list)
+                {
+                    clone.Add(pair.Key, ((IDeepCloneable<TValue>)pair.Value).Clone());
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Nothing is cloneable, so we don't need to worry.
+                clone.Add(this);
+            }
+            return clone;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the specified key/value pair to the map.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This operation fails if the key already exists in the map. To replace an existing entry, use the indexer.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="key">The key to add</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to add.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">The given key already exists in map.</exception>
+        public void Add(TKey key, TValue value)
+        {
+            // Validation of arguments happens in ContainsKey and the indexer
+            if (ContainsKey(key))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Key already exists in map", nameof(key));
+            }
+            this[key] = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determines whether the specified key is present in the map.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="key">The key to check.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the map contains the given key; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool ContainsKey(TKey key)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNullUnconstrained(key, nameof(key));
+            return map.ContainsKey(key);
+        }
+
+        private bool ContainsValue(TValue value) =>
+            list.Any(pair => ValueEqualityComparer.Equals(pair.Value, value));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the entry identified by the given key from the map.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="key">The key indicating the entry to remove from the map.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the map contained the given key before the entry was removed; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool Remove(TKey key)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNullUnconstrained(key, nameof(key));
+            LinkedListNode<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> node;
+            if (map.TryGetValue(key, out node))
+            {
+                map.Remove(key);
+                node.List.Remove(node);
+                return true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value associated with the specified key.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="key">The key whose value to get.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">When this method returns, the value associated with the specified key, if the key is found;
+        /// otherwise, the default value for the type of the <paramref name="value"/> parameter.
+        /// This parameter is passed uninitialized.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the map contains an element with the specified key; otherwise, <c>false</c>.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetValue(TKey key, out TValue value)
+        {
+            LinkedListNode<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> node;
+            if (map.TryGetValue(key, out node))
+            {
+                value = node.Value.Value;
+                return true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                value = default(TValue);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the value associated with the specified key.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="key">The key of the value to get or set.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="KeyNotFoundException">The property is retrieved and key does not exist in the collection.</exception>
+        /// <returns>The value associated with the specified key. If the specified key is not found,
+        /// a get operation throws a <see cref="KeyNotFoundException"/>, and a set operation creates a new element with the specified key.</returns>
+        public TValue this[TKey key]
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNullUnconstrained(key, nameof(key));
+                TValue value;
+                if (TryGetValue(key, out value))
+                {
+                    return value;
+                }
+                throw new KeyNotFoundException();
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNullUnconstrained(key, nameof(key));
+                // value == null check here is redundant, but avoids boxing.
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNullUnconstrained(value, nameof(value));
+                }
+                LinkedListNode<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> node;
+                var pair = new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(key, value);
+                if (map.TryGetValue(key, out node))
+                {
+                    node.Value = pair;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    node = list.AddLast(pair);
+                    map[key] = node;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a collection containing the keys in the map.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ICollection<TKey> Keys { get { return new MapView<TKey>(this, pair => pair.Key, ContainsKey); } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a collection containing the values in the map.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ICollection<TValue> Values { get { return new MapView<TValue>(this, pair => pair.Value, ContainsValue); } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the specified entries to the map. The keys and values are not automatically cloned.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="entries">The entries to add to the map.</param>
+        public void Add(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> entries)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(entries, nameof(entries));
+            foreach (var pair in entries)
+            {
+                Add(pair.Key, pair.Value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns an enumerator that iterates through the collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An enumerator that can be used to iterate through the collection.
+        /// </returns>
+        public IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            return list.GetEnumerator();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns an enumerator that iterates through a collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="T:System.Collections.IEnumerator" /> object that can be used to iterate through the collection.
+        /// </returns>
+        IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            return GetEnumerator();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the specified item to the map.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="item">The item to add to the map.</param>
+        void ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>.Add(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item)
+        {
+            Add(item.Key, item.Value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes all items from the map.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            list.Clear();
+            map.Clear();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determines whether map contains an entry equivalent to the given key/value pair.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="item">The key/value pair to find.</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        bool ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>.Contains(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item)
+        {
+            TValue value;
+            return TryGetValue(item.Key, out value) && ValueEqualityComparer.Equals(item.Value, value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Copies the key/value pairs in this map to an array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="array">The array to copy the entries into.</param>
+        /// <param name="arrayIndex">The index of the array at which to start copying values.</param>
+        void ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>.CopyTo(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>[] array, int arrayIndex)
+        {
+            list.CopyTo(array, arrayIndex);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the specified key/value pair from the map.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>Both the key and the value must be found for the entry to be removed.</remarks>
+        /// <param name="item">The key/value pair to remove.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the key/value pair was found and removed; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        bool ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>.Remove(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item)
+        {
+            if (item.Key == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Key is null", nameof(item));
+            }
+            LinkedListNode<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> node;
+            if (map.TryGetValue(item.Key, out node) &&
+                EqualityComparer<TValue>.Default.Equals(item.Value, node.Value.Value))
+            {
+                map.Remove(item.Key);
+                node.List.Remove(node);
+                return true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the number of elements contained in the map.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Count { get { return list.Count; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating whether the map is read-only.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsReadOnly { get { return false; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determines whether the specified <see cref="System.Object" />, is equal to this instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="other">The <see cref="System.Object" /> to compare with this instance.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        ///   <c>true</c> if the specified <see cref="System.Object" /> is equal to this instance; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+        /// </returns>
+        public override bool Equals(object other)
+        {
+            return Equals(other as MapField<TKey, TValue>);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a hash code for this instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A hash code for this instance, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table. 
+        /// </returns>
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            var keyComparer = KeyEqualityComparer;
+            var valueComparer = ValueEqualityComparer;
+            int hash = 0;
+            foreach (var pair in list)
+            {
+                hash ^= keyComparer.GetHashCode(pair.Key) * 31 + valueComparer.GetHashCode(pair.Value);
+            }
+            return hash;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Compares this map with another for equality.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The order of the key/value pairs in the maps is not deemed significant in this comparison.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="other">The map to compare this with.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if <paramref name="other"/> refers to an equal map; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool Equals(MapField<TKey, TValue> other)
+        {
+            if (other == null)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (other == this)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (other.Count != this.Count)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            var valueComparer = ValueEqualityComparer;
+            foreach (var pair in this)
+            {
+                TValue value;
+                if (!other.TryGetValue(pair.Key, out value))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (!valueComparer.Equals(value, pair.Value))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds entries to the map from the given stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// It is assumed that the stream is initially positioned after the tag specified by the codec.
+        /// This method will continue reading entries from the stream until the end is reached, or
+        /// a different tag is encountered.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="input">Stream to read from</param>
+        /// <param name="codec">Codec describing how the key/value pairs are encoded</param>
+        public void AddEntriesFrom(CodedInputStream input, Codec codec)
+        {
+            var adapter = new Codec.MessageAdapter(codec);
+            do
+            {
+                adapter.Reset();
+                input.ReadMessage(adapter);
+                this[adapter.Key] = adapter.Value;
+            } while (input.MaybeConsumeTag(codec.MapTag));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the contents of this map to the given coded output stream, using the specified codec
+        /// to encode each entry.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="output">The output stream to write to.</param>
+        /// <param name="codec">The codec to use for each entry.</param>
+        public void WriteTo(CodedOutputStream output, Codec codec)
+        {
+            var message = new Codec.MessageAdapter(codec);
+            foreach (var entry in list)
+            {
+                message.Key = entry.Key;
+                message.Value = entry.Value;
+                output.WriteTag(codec.MapTag);
+                output.WriteMessage(message);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Calculates the size of this map based on the given entry codec.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="codec">The codec to use to encode each entry.</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int CalculateSize(Codec codec)
+        {
+            if (Count == 0)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            var message = new Codec.MessageAdapter(codec);
+            int size = 0;
+            foreach (var entry in list)
+            {
+                message.Key = entry.Key;
+                message.Value = entry.Value;
+                size += CodedOutputStream.ComputeRawVarint32Size(codec.MapTag);
+                size += CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(message);
+            }
+            return size;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a string representation of this repeated field, in the same
+        /// way as it would be represented by the default JSON formatter.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            var writer = new StringWriter();
+            JsonFormatter.Default.WriteDictionary(writer, this);
+            return writer.ToString();
+        }
+
+        #region IDictionary explicit interface implementation
+        void IDictionary.Add(object key, object value)
+        {
+            Add((TKey)key, (TValue)value);
+        }
+
+        bool IDictionary.Contains(object key)
+        {
+            if (!(key is TKey))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return ContainsKey((TKey)key);
+        }
+
+        IDictionaryEnumerator IDictionary.GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            return new DictionaryEnumerator(GetEnumerator());
+        }
+
+        void IDictionary.Remove(object key)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(key, nameof(key));
+            if (!(key is TKey))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            Remove((TKey)key);
+        }
+
+        void ICollection.CopyTo(Array array, int index)
+        {
+            // This is ugly and slow as heck, but with any luck it will never be used anyway.
+            ICollection temp = this.Select(pair => new DictionaryEntry(pair.Key, pair.Value)).ToList();
+            temp.CopyTo(array, index);
+        }
+
+        bool IDictionary.IsFixedSize { get { return false; } }
+
+        ICollection IDictionary.Keys { get { return (ICollection)Keys; } }
+
+        ICollection IDictionary.Values { get { return (ICollection)Values; } }
+
+        bool ICollection.IsSynchronized { get { return false; } }
+
+        object ICollection.SyncRoot { get { return this; } }
+
+        object IDictionary.this[object key]
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(key, nameof(key));
+                if (!(key is TKey))
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                TValue value;
+                TryGetValue((TKey)key, out value);
+                return value;
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                this[(TKey)key] = (TValue)value;
+            }
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region IReadOnlyDictionary explicit interface implementation
+#if !NET35
+        IEnumerable<TKey> IReadOnlyDictionary<TKey, TValue>.Keys => Keys;
+
+        IEnumerable<TValue> IReadOnlyDictionary<TKey, TValue>.Values => Values;
+#endif
+        #endregion
+
+        private class DictionaryEnumerator : IDictionaryEnumerator
+        {
+            private readonly IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> enumerator;
+
+            internal DictionaryEnumerator(IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> enumerator)
+            {
+                this.enumerator = enumerator;
+            }
+
+            public bool MoveNext()
+            {
+                return enumerator.MoveNext();
+            }
+
+            public void Reset()
+            {
+                enumerator.Reset();
+            }
+
+            public object Current { get { return Entry; } }
+            public DictionaryEntry Entry { get { return new DictionaryEntry(Key, Value); } }
+            public object Key { get { return enumerator.Current.Key; } }
+            public object Value { get { return enumerator.Current.Value; } }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A codec for a specific map field. This contains all the information required to encode and
+        /// decode the nested messages.
+        /// </summary>
+        public sealed class Codec
+        {
+            private readonly FieldCodec<TKey> keyCodec;
+            private readonly FieldCodec<TValue> valueCodec;
+            private readonly uint mapTag;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a new entry codec based on a separate key codec and value codec,
+            /// and the tag to use for each map entry.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="keyCodec">The key codec.</param>
+            /// <param name="valueCodec">The value codec.</param>
+            /// <param name="mapTag">The map tag to use to introduce each map entry.</param>
+            public Codec(FieldCodec<TKey> keyCodec, FieldCodec<TValue> valueCodec, uint mapTag)
+            {
+                this.keyCodec = keyCodec;
+                this.valueCodec = valueCodec;
+                this.mapTag = mapTag;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The tag used in the enclosing message to indicate map entries.
+            /// </summary>
+            internal uint MapTag { get { return mapTag; } }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// A mutable message class, used for parsing and serializing. This
+            /// delegates the work to a codec, but implements the <see cref="IMessage"/> interface
+            /// for interop with <see cref="CodedInputStream"/> and <see cref="CodedOutputStream"/>.
+            /// This is nested inside Codec as it's tightly coupled to the associated codec,
+            /// and it's simpler if it has direct access to all its fields.
+            /// </summary>
+            internal class MessageAdapter : IMessage
+            {
+                private static readonly byte[] ZeroLengthMessageStreamData = new byte[] { 0 };
+
+                private readonly Codec codec;
+                internal TKey Key { get; set; }
+                internal TValue Value { get; set; }
+
+                internal MessageAdapter(Codec codec)
+                {
+                    this.codec = codec;
+                }
+
+                internal void Reset()
+                {
+                    Key = codec.keyCodec.DefaultValue;
+                    Value = codec.valueCodec.DefaultValue;
+                }
+
+                public void MergeFrom(CodedInputStream input)
+                {
+                    uint tag;
+                    while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0)
+                    {
+                        if (tag == codec.keyCodec.Tag)
+                        {
+                            Key = codec.keyCodec.Read(input);
+                        }
+                        else if (tag == codec.valueCodec.Tag)
+                        {
+                            Value = codec.valueCodec.Read(input);
+                        }
+                        else 
+                        {
+                            input.SkipLastField();
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Corner case: a map entry with a key but no value, where the value type is a message.
+                    // Read it as if we'd seen an input stream with no data (i.e. create a "default" message).
+                    if (Value == null)
+                    {
+                        Value = codec.valueCodec.Read(new CodedInputStream(ZeroLengthMessageStreamData));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                public void WriteTo(CodedOutputStream output)
+                {
+                    codec.keyCodec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Key);
+                    codec.valueCodec.WriteTagAndValue(output, Value);
+                }
+
+                public int CalculateSize()
+                {
+                    return codec.keyCodec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Key) + codec.valueCodec.CalculateSizeWithTag(Value);
+                }
+
+                MessageDescriptor IMessage.Descriptor { get { return null; } }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class MapView<T> : ICollection<T>, ICollection
+        {
+            private readonly MapField<TKey, TValue> parent;
+            private readonly Func<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>, T> projection;
+            private readonly Func<T, bool> containsCheck;
+
+            internal MapView(
+                MapField<TKey, TValue> parent,
+                Func<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>, T> projection,
+                Func<T, bool> containsCheck)
+            {
+                this.parent = parent;
+                this.projection = projection;
+                this.containsCheck = containsCheck;
+            }
+
+            public int Count { get { return parent.Count; } }
+
+            public bool IsReadOnly { get { return true; } }
+
+            public bool IsSynchronized { get { return false; } }
+
+            public object SyncRoot { get { return parent; } }
+
+            public void Add(T item)
+            {
+                throw new NotSupportedException();
+            }
+
+            public void Clear()
+            {
+                throw new NotSupportedException();
+            }
+
+            public bool Contains(T item)
+            {
+                return containsCheck(item);
+            }
+
+            public void CopyTo(T[] array, int arrayIndex)
+            {
+                if (arrayIndex < 0)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(arrayIndex));
+                }
+                if (arrayIndex + Count > array.Length)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Not enough space in the array", nameof(array));
+                }
+                foreach (var item in this)
+                {
+                    array[arrayIndex++] = item;
+                }
+            }
+
+            public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
+            {
+                return parent.list.Select(projection).GetEnumerator();
+            }
+
+            public bool Remove(T item)
+            {
+                throw new NotSupportedException();
+            }
+
+            IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
+            {
+                return GetEnumerator();
+            }
+
+            public void CopyTo(Array array, int index)
+            {
+                if (index < 0)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index));
+                }
+                if (index + Count > array.Length)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Not enough space in the array", nameof(array));
+                }
+                foreach (var item in this)
+                {
+                    array.SetValue(item, index++);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/ProtobufEqualityComparers.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/ProtobufEqualityComparers.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13ef60fca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/ProtobufEqualityComparers.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Collections
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Provides a central place to implement equality comparisons, primarily for bitwise float/double equality.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class ProtobufEqualityComparers
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns an equality comparer for <typeparamref name="T"/> suitable for Protobuf equality comparisons.
+        /// This is usually just the default equality comparer for the type, but floating point numbers are compared
+        /// bitwise.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of equality comparer to return.</typeparam>
+        /// <returns>The equality comparer.</returns>
+        public static EqualityComparer<T> GetEqualityComparer<T>()
+        {
+            return typeof(T) == typeof(double) ? (EqualityComparer<T>) (object) BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer
+                : typeof(T) == typeof(float) ? (EqualityComparer<T>) (object) BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer
+                : typeof(T) == typeof(double?) ? (EqualityComparer<T>) (object) BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer
+                : typeof(T) == typeof(float?) ? (EqualityComparer<T>) (object) BitwiseNullableSingleEqualityComparer
+                : EqualityComparer<T>.Default;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns an equality comparer suitable for comparing 64-bit floating point values, by bitwise comparison.
+        /// (NaN values are considered equal, but only when they have the same representation.)
+        /// </summary>
+        public static EqualityComparer<double> BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer { get; } = new BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparerImpl();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns an equality comparer suitable for comparing 32-bit floating point values, by bitwise comparison.
+        /// (NaN values are considered equal, but only when they have the same representation.)
+        /// </summary>
+        public static EqualityComparer<float> BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer { get; } = new BitwiseSingleEqualityComparerImpl();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns an equality comparer suitable for comparing nullable 64-bit floating point values, by bitwise comparison.
+        /// (NaN values are considered equal, but only when they have the same representation.)
+        /// </summary>
+        public static EqualityComparer<double?> BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer { get; } = new BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparerImpl();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns an equality comparer suitable for comparing nullable 32-bit floating point values, by bitwise comparison.
+        /// (NaN values are considered equal, but only when they have the same representation.)
+        /// </summary>
+        public static EqualityComparer<float?> BitwiseNullableSingleEqualityComparer { get; } = new BitwiseNullableSingleEqualityComparerImpl();
+
+        private class BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparerImpl : EqualityComparer<double>
+        {
+            public override bool Equals(double x, double y) =>
+                BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(x) == BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(y);
+
+            public override int GetHashCode(double obj) =>
+                BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(obj).GetHashCode();
+        }
+
+        private class BitwiseSingleEqualityComparerImpl : EqualityComparer<float>
+        {
+            // Just promote values to double and use BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits,
+            // as there's no BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits, unfortunately.
+
+            public override bool Equals(float x, float y) =>
+                BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(x) == BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(y);
+
+            public override int GetHashCode(float obj) =>
+                BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(obj).GetHashCode();
+        }
+
+        private class BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparerImpl : EqualityComparer<double?>
+        {
+            public override bool Equals(double? x, double? y) =>
+                x == null && y == null ? true
+                : x == null || y == null ? false
+                : BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(x.Value, y.Value);
+
+            // The hash code for null is just a constant which is at least *unlikely* to be used
+            // elsewhere. (Compared with 0, say.)
+            public override int GetHashCode(double? obj) =>
+                obj == null ? 293864 : BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(obj.Value);
+        }
+
+        private class BitwiseNullableSingleEqualityComparerImpl : EqualityComparer<float?>
+        {
+            public override bool Equals(float? x, float? y) =>
+                x == null && y == null ? true
+                : x == null || y == null ? false
+                : BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(x.Value, y.Value);
+
+            // The hash code for null is just a constant which is at least *unlikely* to be used
+            // elsewhere. (Compared with 0, say.)
+            public override int GetHashCode(float? obj) =>
+                obj == null ? 293864 : BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(obj.Value);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/ReadOnlyDictionary.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/ReadOnlyDictionary.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84360667d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/ReadOnlyDictionary.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Collections
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Read-only wrapper around another dictionary.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal sealed class ReadOnlyDictionary<TKey, TValue> : IDictionary<TKey, TValue>
+    {
+        private readonly IDictionary<TKey, TValue> wrapped;
+
+        public ReadOnlyDictionary(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> wrapped)
+        {
+            this.wrapped = wrapped;
+        }
+
+        public void Add(TKey key, TValue value)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException();
+        }
+
+        public bool ContainsKey(TKey key)
+        {
+            return wrapped.ContainsKey(key);
+        }
+
+        public ICollection<TKey> Keys
+        {
+            get { return wrapped.Keys; }
+        }
+
+        public bool Remove(TKey key)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException();
+        }
+
+        public bool TryGetValue(TKey key, out TValue value)
+        {
+            return wrapped.TryGetValue(key, out value);
+        }
+
+        public ICollection<TValue> Values
+        {
+            get { return wrapped.Values; }
+        }
+
+        public TValue this[TKey key]
+        {
+            get { return wrapped[key]; }
+            set { throw new InvalidOperationException(); }
+        }
+
+        public void Add(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException();
+        }
+
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException();
+        }
+
+        public bool Contains(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item)
+        {
+            return wrapped.Contains(item);
+        }
+
+        public void CopyTo(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>[] array, int arrayIndex)
+        {
+            wrapped.CopyTo(array, arrayIndex);
+        }
+
+        public int Count
+        {
+            get { return wrapped.Count; }
+        }
+
+        public bool IsReadOnly
+        {
+            get { return true; }
+        }
+
+        public bool Remove(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException();
+        }
+
+        public IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            return wrapped.GetEnumerator();
+        }
+
+        IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            return ((IEnumerable) wrapped).GetEnumerator();
+        }
+
+        public override bool Equals(object obj)
+        {
+            return wrapped.Equals(obj);
+        }
+
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            return wrapped.GetHashCode();
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return wrapped.ToString();
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/RepeatedField.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/RepeatedField.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e8bb6176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Collections/RepeatedField.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,635 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Collections
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The contents of a repeated field: essentially, a collection with some extra
+    /// restrictions (no null values) and capabilities (deep cloning).
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// This implementation does not generally prohibit the use of types which are not
+    /// supported by Protocol Buffers but nor does it guarantee that all operations will work in such cases.
+    /// </remarks>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">The element type of the repeated field.</typeparam>
+    public sealed class RepeatedField<T> : IList<T>, IList, IDeepCloneable<RepeatedField<T>>, IEquatable<RepeatedField<T>>
+#if !NET35
+        , IReadOnlyList<T>
+#endif
+    {
+        private static readonly EqualityComparer<T> EqualityComparer = ProtobufEqualityComparers.GetEqualityComparer<T>();
+        private static readonly T[] EmptyArray = new T[0];
+        private const int MinArraySize = 8;
+
+        private T[] array = EmptyArray;
+        private int count = 0;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a deep clone of this repeated field.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// If the field type is
+        /// a message type, each element is also cloned; otherwise, it is
+        /// assumed that the field type is primitive (including string and
+        /// bytes, both of which are immutable) and so a simple copy is
+        /// equivalent to a deep clone.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <returns>A deep clone of this repeated field.</returns>
+        public RepeatedField<T> Clone()
+        {
+            RepeatedField<T> clone = new RepeatedField<T>();
+            if (array != EmptyArray)
+            {
+                clone.array = (T[])array.Clone();
+                IDeepCloneable<T>[] cloneableArray = clone.array as IDeepCloneable<T>[];
+                if (cloneableArray != null)
+                {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                    {
+                        clone.array[i] = cloneableArray[i].Clone();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            clone.count = count;
+            return clone;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the entries from the given input stream, decoding them with the specified codec.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="input">The input stream to read from.</param>
+        /// <param name="codec">The codec to use in order to read each entry.</param>
+        public void AddEntriesFrom(CodedInputStream input, FieldCodec<T> codec)
+        {
+            // TODO: Inline some of the Add code, so we can avoid checking the size on every
+            // iteration.
+            uint tag = input.LastTag;
+            var reader = codec.ValueReader;
+            // Non-nullable value types can be packed or not.
+            if (FieldCodec<T>.IsPackedRepeatedField(tag))
+            {
+                int length = input.ReadLength();
+                if (length > 0)
+                {
+                    int oldLimit = input.PushLimit(length);
+                    while (!input.ReachedLimit)
+                    {
+                        Add(reader(input));
+                    }
+                    input.PopLimit(oldLimit);
+                }
+                // Empty packed field. Odd, but valid - just ignore.
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Not packed... (possibly not packable)
+                do
+                {
+                    Add(reader(input));
+                } while (input.MaybeConsumeTag(tag));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Calculates the size of this collection based on the given codec.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="codec">The codec to use when encoding each field.</param>
+        /// <returns>The number of bytes that would be written to a <see cref="CodedOutputStream"/> by <see cref="WriteTo"/>,
+        /// using the same codec.</returns>
+        public int CalculateSize(FieldCodec<T> codec)
+        {
+            if (count == 0)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            uint tag = codec.Tag;
+            if (codec.PackedRepeatedField)
+            {
+                int dataSize = CalculatePackedDataSize(codec);
+                return CodedOutputStream.ComputeRawVarint32Size(tag) +
+                    CodedOutputStream.ComputeLengthSize(dataSize) +
+                    dataSize;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var sizeCalculator = codec.ValueSizeCalculator;
+                int size = count * CodedOutputStream.ComputeRawVarint32Size(tag);
+                if (codec.EndTag != 0)
+                {
+                    size += count * CodedOutputStream.ComputeRawVarint32Size(codec.EndTag);
+                }
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                {
+                    size += sizeCalculator(array[i]);
+                }
+                return size;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int CalculatePackedDataSize(FieldCodec<T> codec)
+        {
+            int fixedSize = codec.FixedSize;
+            if (fixedSize == 0)
+            {
+                var calculator = codec.ValueSizeCalculator;
+                int tmp = 0;
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                {
+                    tmp += calculator(array[i]);
+                }
+                return tmp;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return fixedSize * Count;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the contents of this collection to the given <see cref="CodedOutputStream"/>,
+        /// encoding each value using the specified codec.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="output">The output stream to write to.</param>
+        /// <param name="codec">The codec to use when encoding each value.</param>
+        public void WriteTo(CodedOutputStream output, FieldCodec<T> codec)
+        {
+            if (count == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            var writer = codec.ValueWriter;
+            var tag = codec.Tag;
+            if (codec.PackedRepeatedField)
+            {
+                // Packed primitive type
+                uint size = (uint)CalculatePackedDataSize(codec);
+                output.WriteTag(tag);
+                output.WriteRawVarint32(size);
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                {
+                    writer(output, array[i]);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Not packed: a simple tag/value pair for each value.
+                // Can't use codec.WriteTagAndValue, as that omits default values.
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                {
+                    output.WriteTag(tag);
+                    writer(output, array[i]);
+                    if (codec.EndTag != 0)
+                    {
+                        output.WriteTag(codec.EndTag);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets and sets the capacity of the RepeatedField's internal array.  WHen set, the internal array is reallocated to the given capacity.
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException">The new value is less than Count -or- when Count is less than 0.</exception>
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Capacity
+        {
+            get { return array.Length; }
+            set
+            {
+                if (value < count)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Capacity", value,
+                        $"Cannot set Capacity to a value smaller than the current item count, {count}");
+                }
+
+                if (value >= 0 && value != array.Length)
+                {
+                    SetSize(value);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // May increase the size of the internal array, but will never shrink it.
+        private void EnsureSize(int size)
+        {
+            if (array.Length < size)
+            {
+                size = Math.Max(size, MinArraySize);
+                int newSize = Math.Max(array.Length * 2, size);
+                SetSize(newSize);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Sets the internal array to an exact size.
+        private void SetSize(int size)
+        {
+            if (size != array.Length)
+            {
+                var tmp = new T[size];
+                Array.Copy(array, 0, tmp, 0, count);
+                array = tmp;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the specified item to the collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="item">The item to add.</param>
+        public void Add(T item)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNullUnconstrained(item, nameof(item));
+            EnsureSize(count + 1);
+            array[count++] = item;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes all items from the collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            array = EmptyArray;
+            count = 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determines whether this collection contains the given item.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="item">The item to find.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if this collection contains the given item; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool Contains(T item)
+        {
+            return IndexOf(item) != -1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Copies this collection to the given array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="array">The array to copy to.</param>
+        /// <param name="arrayIndex">The first index of the array to copy to.</param>
+        public void CopyTo(T[] array, int arrayIndex)
+        {
+            Array.Copy(this.array, 0, array, arrayIndex, count);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the specified item from the collection
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="item">The item to remove.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the item was found and removed; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool Remove(T item)
+        {
+            int index = IndexOf(item);
+            if (index == -1)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }            
+            Array.Copy(array, index + 1, array, index, count - index - 1);
+            count--;
+            array[count] = default(T);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the number of elements contained in the collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Count => count;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating whether the collection is read-only.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsReadOnly => false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds all of the specified values into this collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="values">The values to add to this collection.</param>
+        public void AddRange(IEnumerable<T> values)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(values, nameof(values));
+
+            // Optimization 1: If the collection we're adding is already a RepeatedField<T>,
+            // we know the values are valid.
+            var otherRepeatedField = values as RepeatedField<T>;
+            if (otherRepeatedField != null)
+            {
+                EnsureSize(count + otherRepeatedField.count);
+                Array.Copy(otherRepeatedField.array, 0, array, count, otherRepeatedField.count);
+                count += otherRepeatedField.count;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Optimization 2: The collection is an ICollection, so we can expand
+            // just once and ask the collection to copy itself into the array.
+            var collection = values as ICollection;
+            if (collection != null)
+            {
+                var extraCount = collection.Count;
+                // For reference types and nullable value types, we need to check that there are no nulls
+                // present. (This isn't a thread-safe approach, but we don't advertise this is thread-safe.)
+                // We expect the JITter to optimize this test to true/false, so it's effectively conditional
+                // specialization.
+                if (default(T) == null)
+                {
+                    // TODO: Measure whether iterating once to check and then letting the collection copy
+                    // itself is faster or slower than iterating and adding as we go. For large
+                    // collections this will not be great in terms of cache usage... but the optimized
+                    // copy may be significantly faster than doing it one at a time.
+                    foreach (var item in collection)
+                    {
+                        if (item == null)
+                        {
+                            throw new ArgumentException("Sequence contained null element", nameof(values));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                EnsureSize(count + extraCount);
+                collection.CopyTo(array, count);
+                count += extraCount;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // We *could* check for ICollection<T> as well, but very very few collections implement
+            // ICollection<T> but not ICollection. (HashSet<T> does, for one...)
+
+            // Fall back to a slower path of adding items one at a time.
+            foreach (T item in values)
+            {
+                Add(item);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds all of the specified values into this collection. This method is present to
+        /// allow repeated fields to be constructed from queries within collection initializers.
+        /// Within non-collection-initializer code, consider using the equivalent <see cref="AddRange"/>
+        /// method instead for clarity.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="values">The values to add to this collection.</param>
+        public void Add(IEnumerable<T> values)
+        {
+            AddRange(values);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns an enumerator that iterates through the collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An enumerator that can be used to iterate through the collection.
+        /// </returns>
+        public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+            {
+                yield return array[i];
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determines whether the specified <see cref="System.Object" />, is equal to this instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="obj">The <see cref="System.Object" /> to compare with this instance.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        ///   <c>true</c> if the specified <see cref="System.Object" /> is equal to this instance; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+        /// </returns>
+        public override bool Equals(object obj)
+        {
+            return Equals(obj as RepeatedField<T>);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns an enumerator that iterates through a collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// An <see cref="T:System.Collections.IEnumerator" /> object that can be used to iterate through the collection.
+        /// </returns>
+        IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            return GetEnumerator();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a hash code for this instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A hash code for this instance, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table. 
+        /// </returns>
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            int hash = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+            {
+                hash = hash * 31 + array[i].GetHashCode();
+            }
+            return hash;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Compares this repeated field with another for equality.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="other">The repeated field to compare this with.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if <paramref name="other"/> refers to an equal repeated field; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool Equals(RepeatedField<T> other)
+        {
+            if (ReferenceEquals(other, null))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (ReferenceEquals(other, this))
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (other.Count != this.Count)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            EqualityComparer<T> comparer = EqualityComparer;
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+            {
+                if (!comparer.Equals(array[i], other.array[i]))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the index of the given item within the collection, or -1 if the item is not
+        /// present.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="item">The item to find in the collection.</param>
+        /// <returns>The zero-based index of the item, or -1 if it is not found.</returns>
+        public int IndexOf(T item)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNullUnconstrained(item, nameof(item));
+            EqualityComparer<T> comparer = EqualityComparer;
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+            {
+                if (comparer.Equals(array[i], item))
+                {
+                    return i;
+                }
+            }
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Inserts the given item at the specified index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">The index at which to insert the item.</param>
+        /// <param name="item">The item to insert.</param>
+        public void Insert(int index, T item)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNullUnconstrained(item, nameof(item));
+            if (index < 0 || index > count)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index));
+            }
+            EnsureSize(count + 1);
+            Array.Copy(array, index, array, index + 1, count - index);
+            array[index] = item;
+            count++;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the item at the given index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">The zero-based index of the item to remove.</param>
+        public void RemoveAt(int index)
+        {
+            if (index < 0 || index >= count)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index));
+            }
+            Array.Copy(array, index + 1, array, index, count - index - 1);
+            count--;
+            array[count] = default(T);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a string representation of this repeated field, in the same
+        /// way as it would be represented by the default JSON formatter.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            var writer = new StringWriter();
+            JsonFormatter.Default.WriteList(writer, this);
+            return writer.ToString();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the item at the specified index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The element at the specified index.
+        /// </value>
+        /// <param name="index">The zero-based index of the element to get or set.</param>
+        /// <returns>The item at the specified index.</returns>
+        public T this[int index]
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (index < 0 || index >= count)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index));
+                }
+                return array[index];
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                if (index < 0 || index >= count)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index));
+                }
+                ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNullUnconstrained(value, nameof(value));
+                array[index] = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        #region Explicit interface implementation for IList and ICollection.
+        bool IList.IsFixedSize => false;
+
+        void ICollection.CopyTo(Array array, int index)
+        {
+            Array.Copy(this.array, 0, array, index, count);
+        }
+
+        bool ICollection.IsSynchronized => false;
+
+        object ICollection.SyncRoot => this;
+
+        object IList.this[int index]
+        {
+            get { return this[index]; }
+            set { this[index] = (T)value; }
+        }
+
+        int IList.Add(object value)
+        {
+            Add((T) value);
+            return count - 1;
+        }
+
+        bool IList.Contains(object value)
+        {
+            return (value is T && Contains((T)value));
+        }
+
+        int IList.IndexOf(object value)
+        {
+            if (!(value is T))
+            {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            return IndexOf((T)value);
+        }
+
+        void IList.Insert(int index, object value)
+        {
+            Insert(index, (T) value);
+        }
+
+        void IList.Remove(object value)
+        {
+            if (!(value is T))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            Remove((T)value);
+        }
+        #endregion        
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/MethodInfoExtensions.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/MethodInfoExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b946cb63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/MethodInfoExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+#if NET35
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Compatibility
+{
+    // .NET Core (at least netstandard1.0) doesn't have Delegate.CreateDelegate, and .NET 3.5 doesn't have
+    // MethodInfo.CreateDelegate. Proxy from one to the other on .NET 3.5...
+    internal static class MethodInfoExtensions
+    {
+        internal static Delegate CreateDelegate(this MethodInfo method, Type type) =>
+            Delegate.CreateDelegate(type, method);
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/PropertyInfoExtensions.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/PropertyInfoExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95a02c727
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/PropertyInfoExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Compatibility
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Extension methods for <see cref="PropertyInfo"/>, effectively providing
+    /// the familiar members from previous desktop framework versions while
+    /// targeting the newer releases, .NET Core etc.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static class PropertyInfoExtensions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the public getter of a property, or null if there is no such getter
+        /// (either because it's read-only, or the getter isn't public).
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static MethodInfo GetGetMethod(this PropertyInfo target)
+        {
+#if NET35
+            var method = target.GetGetMethod();
+#else
+            var method = target.GetMethod;
+#endif
+            return method != null && method.IsPublic ? method : null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the public setter of a property, or null if there is no such setter
+        /// (either because it's write-only, or the setter isn't public).
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static MethodInfo GetSetMethod(this PropertyInfo target)
+        {
+#if NET35
+            var method = target.GetSetMethod();
+#else
+            var method = target.SetMethod;
+#endif
+            return method != null && method.IsPublic ? method : null;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/StreamExtensions.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/StreamExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf4bf2201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/StreamExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+#if NET35
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Compatibility
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Extension methods for <see cref="Stream"/> in order to provide
+    /// backwards compatibility with .NET 3.5
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class StreamExtensions
+    {
+        // 81920 seems to be the default buffer size used in .NET 4.5.1
+        private const int BUFFER_SIZE = 81920;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Write the contents of the current stream to the destination stream
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void CopyTo(this Stream source, Stream destination)
+        {
+            if (destination == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(destination));
+            }
+
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
+            int numBytesRead;
+            while ((numBytesRead = source.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0) {
+                destination.Write(buffer, 0, numBytesRead);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/TypeExtensions.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/TypeExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f2371381
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Compatibility/TypeExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+#if !NET35
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Compatibility
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Provides extension methods on Type that just proxy to TypeInfo.
+    /// These are used to support the new type system from .NET 4.5, without
+    /// having calls to GetTypeInfo all over the place. While the methods here are meant to be
+    /// broadly compatible with the desktop framework, there are some subtle differences in behaviour - but
+    /// they're not expected to affect our use cases. While the class is internal, that should be fine: we can
+    /// evaluate each new use appropriately.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static class TypeExtensions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.type.isassignablefrom
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static bool IsAssignableFrom(this Type target, Type c)
+        {
+            return target.GetTypeInfo().IsAssignableFrom(c.GetTypeInfo());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a representation of the public property associated with the given name in the given type,
+        /// including inherited properties or null if there is no such public property.
+        /// Here, "public property" means a property where either the getter, or the setter, or both, is public.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static PropertyInfo GetProperty(this Type target, string name)
+        {
+            // GetDeclaredProperty only returns properties declared in the given type, so we need to recurse.
+            while (target != null)
+            {
+                var typeInfo = target.GetTypeInfo();
+                var ret = typeInfo.GetDeclaredProperty(name);
+                if (ret != null && ((ret.CanRead && ret.GetMethod.IsPublic) || (ret.CanWrite && ret.SetMethod.IsPublic)))
+                {
+                    return ret;
+                }
+                target = typeInfo.BaseType;
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a representation of the public method associated with the given name in the given type,
+        /// including inherited methods.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This has a few differences compared with Type.GetMethod in the desktop framework. It will throw
+        /// if there is an ambiguous match even between a private method and a public one, but it *won't* throw
+        /// if there are two overloads at different levels in the type hierarchy (e.g. class Base declares public void Foo(int) and
+        /// class Child : Base declares public void Foo(long)).
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <exception cref="AmbiguousMatchException">One type in the hierarchy declared more than one method with the same name</exception>
+        internal static MethodInfo GetMethod(this Type target, string name)
+        {
+            // GetDeclaredMethod only returns methods declared in the given type, so we need to recurse.
+            while (target != null)
+            {
+                var typeInfo = target.GetTypeInfo();
+                var ret = typeInfo.GetDeclaredMethod(name);
+                if (ret != null && ret.IsPublic)
+                {
+                    return ret;
+                }
+                target = typeInfo.BaseType;
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Extension.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Extension.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a96f8d29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Extension.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a non-generic extension definition. This API is experimental and subject to change.
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class Extension
+    {
+        internal abstract Type TargetType { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Internal use. Creates a new extension with the specified field number.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected Extension(int fieldNumber)
+        {
+            FieldNumber = fieldNumber;
+        }
+
+        internal abstract IExtensionValue CreateValue();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the field number of this extension
+        /// </summary>
+        public int FieldNumber { get; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a type-safe extension identifier used for getting and setting single extension values in <see cref="IExtendableMessage{T}"/> instances. 
+    /// This API is experimental and subject to change.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="TTarget">The message type this field applies to</typeparam>
+    /// <typeparam name="TValue">The field value type of this extension</typeparam>
+    public sealed class Extension<TTarget, TValue> : Extension where TTarget : IExtendableMessage<TTarget>
+    {
+        private readonly FieldCodec<TValue> codec;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new extension identifier with the specified field number and codec
+        /// </summary>
+        public Extension(int fieldNumber, FieldCodec<TValue> codec) : base(fieldNumber)
+        {
+            this.codec = codec;
+        }
+
+        internal TValue DefaultValue => codec.DefaultValue;
+
+        internal override Type TargetType => typeof(TTarget);
+
+        internal override IExtensionValue CreateValue()
+        {
+            return new ExtensionValue<TValue>(codec);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a type-safe extension identifier used for getting repeated extension values in <see cref="IExtendableMessage{T}"/> instances.
+    /// This API is experimental and subject to change.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="TTarget">The message type this field applies to</typeparam>
+    /// <typeparam name="TValue">The repeated field value type of this extension</typeparam>
+    public sealed class RepeatedExtension<TTarget, TValue> : Extension where TTarget : IExtendableMessage<TTarget>
+    {
+        private readonly FieldCodec<TValue> codec;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new repeated extension identifier with the specified field number and codec
+        /// </summary>
+        public RepeatedExtension(int fieldNumber, FieldCodec<TValue> codec) : base(fieldNumber)
+        {
+            this.codec = codec;
+        }
+
+        internal override Type TargetType => typeof(TTarget);
+
+        internal override IExtensionValue CreateValue()
+        {
+            return new RepeatedExtensionValue<TValue>(codec);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ExtensionRegistry.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ExtensionRegistry.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e631ba353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ExtensionRegistry.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Provides extensions to messages while parsing. This API is experimental and subject to change.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class ExtensionRegistry : ICollection<Extension>, IDeepCloneable<ExtensionRegistry>
+    {
+        internal sealed class ExtensionComparer : IEqualityComparer<Extension>
+        {
+            public bool Equals(Extension a, Extension b)
+            {
+                return new ObjectIntPair<Type>(a.TargetType, a.FieldNumber).Equals(new ObjectIntPair<Type>(b.TargetType, b.FieldNumber));
+            }
+            public int GetHashCode(Extension a)
+            {
+                return new ObjectIntPair<Type>(a.TargetType, a.FieldNumber).GetHashCode();
+            }
+
+            internal static ExtensionComparer Instance = new ExtensionComparer();
+        }
+        private IDictionary<ObjectIntPair<Type>, Extension> extensions;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new empty extension registry
+        /// </summary>
+        public ExtensionRegistry()
+        {
+            extensions = new Dictionary<ObjectIntPair<Type>, Extension>();
+        }
+
+        private ExtensionRegistry(IDictionary<ObjectIntPair<Type>, Extension> collection)
+        {
+            extensions = collection.ToDictionary(k => k.Key, v => v.Value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the total number of extensions in this extension registry
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Count => extensions.Count;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns whether the registry is readonly
+        /// </summary>
+        bool ICollection<Extension>.IsReadOnly => false;
+
+        internal bool ContainsInputField(CodedInputStream stream, Type target, out Extension extension)
+        {
+            return extensions.TryGetValue(new ObjectIntPair<Type>(target, WireFormat.GetTagFieldNumber(stream.LastTag)), out extension);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the specified extension to the registry
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Add(Extension extension)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(extension, nameof(extension));
+
+            extensions.Add(new ObjectIntPair<Type>(extension.TargetType, extension.FieldNumber), extension);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the specified extensions to the reigstry
+        /// </summary>
+        public void AddRange(IEnumerable<Extension> extensions)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(extensions, nameof(extensions));
+
+            foreach (var extension in extensions)
+            {
+                Add(extension);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clears the registry of all values
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            extensions.Clear();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets whether the extension registry contains the specified extension
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool Contains(Extension item)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(item, nameof(item));
+
+            return extensions.ContainsKey(new ObjectIntPair<Type>(item.TargetType, item.FieldNumber));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Copies the arrays in the registry set to the specified array at the specified index
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="array">The array to copy to</param>
+        /// <param name="arrayIndex">The array index to start at</param>
+        void ICollection<Extension>.CopyTo(Extension[] array, int arrayIndex)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(array, nameof(array));
+            if (arrayIndex < 0 || arrayIndex >= array.Length)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(arrayIndex));
+            }
+            if (array.Length - arrayIndex < Count)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("The provided array is shorter than the number of elements in the registry");
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
+            {
+                Extension extension = array[i];
+                extensions.Add(new ObjectIntPair<Type>(extension.TargetType, extension.FieldNumber), extension);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns an enumerator to enumerate through the items in the registry
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Returns an enumerator for the extensions in this registry</returns>
+        public IEnumerator<Extension> GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            return extensions.Values.GetEnumerator();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the specified extension from the set
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="item">The extension</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the extension was removed, otherwise <c>false</c></returns>
+        public bool Remove(Extension item)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(item, nameof(item));
+
+            return extensions.Remove(new ObjectIntPair<Type>(item.TargetType, item.FieldNumber));
+        }
+
+        IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() => GetEnumerator();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clones the registry into a new registry
+        /// </summary>
+        public ExtensionRegistry Clone()
+        {
+            return new ExtensionRegistry(extensions);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ExtensionSet.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ExtensionSet.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1bbf6910
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ExtensionSet.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Methods for managing <see cref="ExtensionSet{TTarget}"/>s with null checking.
+    /// 
+    /// Most users will not use this class directly and its API is experimental and subject to change.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class ExtensionSet
+    {
+        private static bool TryGetValue<TTarget>(ref ExtensionSet<TTarget> set, Extension extension, out IExtensionValue value) where TTarget : IExtendableMessage<TTarget>
+        {
+            if (set == null)
+            {
+                value = null;
+                return false;
+            }
+            return set.ValuesByNumber.TryGetValue(extension.FieldNumber, out value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of the specified extension
+        /// </summary>
+        public static TValue Get<TTarget, TValue>(ref ExtensionSet<TTarget> set, Extension<TTarget, TValue> extension) where TTarget : IExtendableMessage<TTarget>
+        {
+            IExtensionValue value;
+            if (TryGetValue(ref set, extension, out value))
+            {
+                return ((ExtensionValue<TValue>)value).GetValue();
+            }
+            else 
+            {
+                return extension.DefaultValue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of the specified repeated extension or null if it doesn't exist in this set
+        /// </summary>
+        public static RepeatedField<TValue> Get<TTarget, TValue>(ref ExtensionSet<TTarget> set, RepeatedExtension<TTarget, TValue> extension) where TTarget : IExtendableMessage<TTarget>
+        {
+            IExtensionValue value;
+            if (TryGetValue(ref set, extension, out value))
+            {
+                return ((RepeatedExtensionValue<TValue>)value).GetValue();
+            }
+            else 
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of the specified repeated extension, registering it if it doesn't exist
+        /// </summary>
+        public static RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitialize<TTarget, TValue>(ref ExtensionSet<TTarget> set, RepeatedExtension<TTarget, TValue> extension) where TTarget : IExtendableMessage<TTarget>
+        {
+            IExtensionValue value;
+            if (set == null)
+            {
+                value = extension.CreateValue();
+                set = new ExtensionSet<TTarget>();
+                set.ValuesByNumber.Add(extension.FieldNumber, value);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (!set.ValuesByNumber.TryGetValue(extension.FieldNumber, out value))
+                {
+                    value = extension.CreateValue();
+                    set.ValuesByNumber.Add(extension.FieldNumber, value);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return ((RepeatedExtensionValue<TValue>)value).GetValue();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the value of the specified extension. This will make a new instance of ExtensionSet if the set is null.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void Set<TTarget, TValue>(ref ExtensionSet<TTarget> set, Extension<TTarget, TValue> extension, TValue value) where TTarget : IExtendableMessage<TTarget>
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNullUnconstrained(value, nameof(value));
+
+            IExtensionValue extensionValue;
+            if (set == null)
+            {
+                extensionValue = extension.CreateValue();
+                set = new ExtensionSet<TTarget>();
+                set.ValuesByNumber.Add(extension.FieldNumber, extensionValue);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (!set.ValuesByNumber.TryGetValue(extension.FieldNumber, out extensionValue))
+                {
+                    extensionValue = extension.CreateValue();
+                    set.ValuesByNumber.Add(extension.FieldNumber, extensionValue);
+                }
+            }
+            
+            ((ExtensionValue<TValue>)extensionValue).SetValue(value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets whether the value of the specified extension is set
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool Has<TTarget, TValue>(ref ExtensionSet<TTarget> set, Extension<TTarget, TValue> extension) where TTarget : IExtendableMessage<TTarget>
+        {
+            IExtensionValue value;
+            return TryGetValue(ref set, extension, out value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clears the value of the specified extension
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void Clear<TTarget, TValue>(ref ExtensionSet<TTarget> set, Extension<TTarget, TValue> extension) where TTarget : IExtendableMessage<TTarget>
+        {
+            if (set == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            set.ValuesByNumber.Remove(extension.FieldNumber);
+            if (set.ValuesByNumber.Count == 0)
+            {
+                set = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clears the value of the specified extension
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void Clear<TTarget, TValue>(ref ExtensionSet<TTarget> set, RepeatedExtension<TTarget, TValue> extension) where TTarget : IExtendableMessage<TTarget>
+        {
+            if (set == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            set.ValuesByNumber.Remove(extension.FieldNumber);
+            if (set.ValuesByNumber.Count == 0)
+            {
+                set = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tries to merge a field from the coded input, returning true if the field was merged.
+        /// If the set is null or the field was not otherwise merged, this returns false.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool TryMergeFieldFrom<TTarget>(ref ExtensionSet<TTarget> set, CodedInputStream stream) where TTarget : IExtendableMessage<TTarget>
+        {
+            Extension extension;
+            int lastFieldNumber = WireFormat.GetTagFieldNumber(stream.LastTag);
+            
+            IExtensionValue extensionValue;
+            if (set != null && set.ValuesByNumber.TryGetValue(lastFieldNumber, out extensionValue))
+            {
+                extensionValue.MergeFrom(stream);
+                return true;
+            }
+            else if (stream.ExtensionRegistry != null && stream.ExtensionRegistry.ContainsInputField(stream, typeof(TTarget), out extension))
+            {
+                IExtensionValue value = extension.CreateValue();
+                value.MergeFrom(stream);
+                set = (set ?? new ExtensionSet<TTarget>());
+                set.ValuesByNumber.Add(extension.FieldNumber, value);
+                return true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges the second set into the first set, creating a new instance if first is null
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void MergeFrom<TTarget>(ref ExtensionSet<TTarget> first, ExtensionSet<TTarget> second) where TTarget : IExtendableMessage<TTarget>
+        {
+            if (second == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (first == null)
+            {
+                first = new ExtensionSet<TTarget>();
+            }
+            foreach (var pair in second.ValuesByNumber)
+            {
+                IExtensionValue value;
+                if (first.ValuesByNumber.TryGetValue(pair.Key, out value))
+                {
+                    value.MergeFrom(pair.Value);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var cloned = pair.Value.Clone();
+                    first.ValuesByNumber[pair.Key] = cloned;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clones the set into a new set. If the set is null, this returns null
+        /// </summary>
+        public static ExtensionSet<TTarget> Clone<TTarget>(ExtensionSet<TTarget> set) where TTarget : IExtendableMessage<TTarget>
+        {
+            if (set == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var newSet = new ExtensionSet<TTarget>();
+            foreach (var pair in set.ValuesByNumber)
+            {
+                var cloned = pair.Value.Clone();
+                newSet.ValuesByNumber[pair.Key] = cloned;
+            }
+            return newSet;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Used for keeping track of extensions in messages. 
+    /// <see cref="IExtendableMessage{T}"/> methods route to this set.
+    /// 
+    /// Most users will not need to use this class directly
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="TTarget">The message type that extensions in this set target</typeparam>
+    public sealed class ExtensionSet<TTarget> where TTarget : IExtendableMessage<TTarget>
+    {
+        internal Dictionary<int, IExtensionValue> ValuesByNumber { get; } = new Dictionary<int, IExtensionValue>();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a hash code of the set
+        /// </summary>
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            int ret = typeof(TTarget).GetHashCode();
+            foreach (KeyValuePair<int, IExtensionValue> field in ValuesByNumber)
+            {
+                // Use ^ here to make the field order irrelevant.
+                int hash = field.Key.GetHashCode() ^ field.Value.GetHashCode();
+                ret ^= hash;
+            }
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns whether this set is equal to the other object
+        /// </summary>
+        public override bool Equals(object other)
+        {
+            if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            ExtensionSet<TTarget> otherSet = other as ExtensionSet<TTarget>;
+            if (ValuesByNumber.Count != otherSet.ValuesByNumber.Count)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            foreach (var pair in ValuesByNumber)
+            {
+                IExtensionValue secondValue;
+                if (!otherSet.ValuesByNumber.TryGetValue(pair.Key, out secondValue))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (!pair.Value.Equals(secondValue))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Calculates the size of this extension set
+        /// </summary>
+        public int CalculateSize()
+        {
+            int size = 0;
+            foreach (var value in ValuesByNumber.Values)
+            {
+                size += value.CalculateSize();
+            }
+            return size;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the extension values in this set to the output stream
+        /// </summary>
+        public void WriteTo(CodedOutputStream stream)
+        {
+            foreach (var value in ValuesByNumber.Values)
+            {
+                value.WriteTo(stream);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal bool IsInitialized()
+        {
+            return ValuesByNumber.Values.All(v => v.IsInitialized());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ExtensionValue.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ExtensionValue.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ee737a7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ExtensionValue.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    internal interface IExtensionValue : IEquatable<IExtensionValue>, IDeepCloneable<IExtensionValue>
+    {
+        void MergeFrom(CodedInputStream input);
+        void MergeFrom(IExtensionValue value);
+        void WriteTo(CodedOutputStream output);
+        int CalculateSize();
+        bool IsInitialized();
+    }
+
+    internal sealed class ExtensionValue<T> : IExtensionValue
+    {
+        private T field;
+        private FieldCodec<T> codec;
+
+        internal ExtensionValue(FieldCodec<T> codec)
+        {
+            this.codec = codec;
+            field = codec.DefaultValue;
+        }
+
+        public int CalculateSize()
+        {
+            return codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(field);
+        }
+
+        public IExtensionValue Clone()
+        {
+            return new ExtensionValue<T>(codec)
+            {
+                field = field is IDeepCloneable<T> ? (field as IDeepCloneable<T>).Clone() : field
+            };
+        }
+
+        public bool Equals(IExtensionValue other)
+        {
+            if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+                return true;
+
+            return other is ExtensionValue<T>
+                && codec.Equals((other as ExtensionValue<T>).codec)
+                && Equals(field, (other as ExtensionValue<T>).field);
+            // we check for equality in the codec since we could have equal field values however the values could be written in different ways
+        }
+
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            unchecked
+            {
+                int hash = 17;
+                hash = hash * 31 + field.GetHashCode();
+                hash = hash * 31 + codec.GetHashCode();
+                return hash;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void MergeFrom(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            codec.ValueMerger(input, ref field);
+        }
+
+        public void MergeFrom(IExtensionValue value)
+        {
+            if (value is ExtensionValue<T>)
+            {
+                var extensionValue = value as ExtensionValue<T>;
+                codec.FieldMerger(ref field, extensionValue.field);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void WriteTo(CodedOutputStream output)
+        {
+            output.WriteTag(codec.Tag);
+            codec.ValueWriter(output, field);
+            if (codec.EndTag != 0)
+            {
+                output.WriteTag(codec.EndTag);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public T GetValue() => field;
+
+        public void SetValue(T value)
+        {
+            field = value;
+        }
+
+        public bool IsInitialized()
+        {
+            if (field is IMessage)
+            {
+                return (field as IMessage).IsInitialized();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal sealed class RepeatedExtensionValue<T> : IExtensionValue
+    {
+        private RepeatedField<T> field;
+        private readonly FieldCodec<T> codec;
+
+        internal RepeatedExtensionValue(FieldCodec<T> codec)
+        {
+            this.codec = codec;
+            field = new RepeatedField<T>();
+        }
+
+        public int CalculateSize()
+        {
+            return field.CalculateSize(codec);
+        }
+
+        public IExtensionValue Clone()
+        {
+            return new RepeatedExtensionValue<T>(codec)
+            {
+                field = field.Clone()
+            };
+        }
+
+        public bool Equals(IExtensionValue other)
+        {
+            if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+                return true;
+
+            return other is RepeatedExtensionValue<T> 
+                && field.Equals((other as RepeatedExtensionValue<T>).field) 
+                && codec.Equals((other as RepeatedExtensionValue<T>).codec);
+        }
+
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            unchecked
+            {
+                int hash = 17;
+                hash = hash * 31 + field.GetHashCode();
+                hash = hash * 31 + codec.GetHashCode();
+                return hash;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void MergeFrom(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            field.AddEntriesFrom(input, codec);
+        }
+
+        public void MergeFrom(IExtensionValue value)
+        {
+            if (value is RepeatedExtensionValue<T>)
+            {
+                field.Add((value as RepeatedExtensionValue<T>).field);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void WriteTo(CodedOutputStream output)
+        {
+            field.WriteTo(output, codec);
+        }
+
+        public RepeatedField<T> GetValue() => field;
+
+        public bool IsInitialized()
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < field.Count; i++)
+            {
+                var element = field[i];
+                if (element is IMessage)
+                {
+                    if (!(element as IMessage).IsInitialized())
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FieldCodec.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FieldCodec.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..197126164
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FieldCodec.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,828 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using Google.Protobuf.Compatibility;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Factory methods for <see cref="FieldCodec{T}"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class FieldCodec
+    {
+        // TODO: Avoid the "dual hit" of lambda expressions: create open delegates instead. (At least test...)
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a string field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<string> ForString(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForString(tag, "");
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a bytes field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<ByteString> ForBytes(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForBytes(tag, ByteString.Empty);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a bool field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<bool> ForBool(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForBool(tag, false);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for an int32 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<int> ForInt32(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForInt32(tag, 0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for an sint32 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<int> ForSInt32(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForSInt32(tag, 0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a fixed32 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<uint> ForFixed32(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForFixed32(tag, 0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for an sfixed32 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<int> ForSFixed32(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForSFixed32(tag, 0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a uint32 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<uint> ForUInt32(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForUInt32(tag, 0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for an int64 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<long> ForInt64(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForInt64(tag, 0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for an sint64 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<long> ForSInt64(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForSInt64(tag, 0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a fixed64 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<ulong> ForFixed64(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForFixed64(tag, 0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for an sfixed64 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<long> ForSFixed64(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForSFixed64(tag, 0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a uint64 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<ulong> ForUInt64(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForUInt64(tag, 0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a float field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<float> ForFloat(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForFloat(tag, 0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a double field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<double> ForDouble(uint tag)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForDouble(tag, 0);
+        }
+
+        // Enums are tricky. We can probably use expression trees to build these delegates automatically,
+        // but it's easy to generate the code for it.
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for an enum field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="toInt32">A conversion function from <see cref="Int32"/> to the enum type.</param>
+        /// <param name="fromInt32">A conversion function from the enum type to <see cref="Int32"/>.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<T> ForEnum<T>(uint tag, Func<T, int> toInt32, Func<int, T> fromInt32)
+        {
+            return FieldCodec.ForEnum(tag, toInt32, fromInt32, default(T));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a string field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<string> ForString(uint tag, string defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<string>(input => input.ReadString(), (output, value) => output.WriteString(value), CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a bytes field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<ByteString> ForBytes(uint tag, ByteString defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<ByteString>(input => input.ReadBytes(), (output, value) => output.WriteBytes(value), CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a bool field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<bool> ForBool(uint tag, bool defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<bool>(input => input.ReadBool(), (output, value) => output.WriteBool(value), CodedOutputStream.BoolSize, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for an int32 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<int> ForInt32(uint tag, int defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<int>(input => input.ReadInt32(), (output, value) => output.WriteInt32(value), CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for an sint32 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<int> ForSInt32(uint tag, int defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<int>(input => input.ReadSInt32(), (output, value) => output.WriteSInt32(value), CodedOutputStream.ComputeSInt32Size, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a fixed32 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<uint> ForFixed32(uint tag, uint defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<uint>(input => input.ReadFixed32(), (output, value) => output.WriteFixed32(value), 4, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for an sfixed32 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<int> ForSFixed32(uint tag, int defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<int>(input => input.ReadSFixed32(), (output, value) => output.WriteSFixed32(value), 4, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a uint32 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<uint> ForUInt32(uint tag, uint defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<uint>(input => input.ReadUInt32(), (output, value) => output.WriteUInt32(value), CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for an int64 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<long> ForInt64(uint tag, long defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<long>(input => input.ReadInt64(), (output, value) => output.WriteInt64(value), CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for an sint64 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<long> ForSInt64(uint tag, long defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<long>(input => input.ReadSInt64(), (output, value) => output.WriteSInt64(value), CodedOutputStream.ComputeSInt64Size, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a fixed64 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<ulong> ForFixed64(uint tag, ulong defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<ulong>(input => input.ReadFixed64(), (output, value) => output.WriteFixed64(value), 8, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for an sfixed64 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<long> ForSFixed64(uint tag, long defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<long>(input => input.ReadSFixed64(), (output, value) => output.WriteSFixed64(value), 8, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a uint64 field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<ulong> ForUInt64(uint tag, ulong defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<ulong>(input => input.ReadUInt64(), (output, value) => output.WriteUInt64(value), CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a float field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<float> ForFloat(uint tag, float defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<float>(input => input.ReadFloat(), (output, value) => output.WriteFloat(value), CodedOutputStream.FloatSize, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a double field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<double> ForDouble(uint tag, double defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<double>(input => input.ReadDouble(), (output, value) => output.WriteDouble(value), CodedOutputStream.DoubleSize, tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        // Enums are tricky. We can probably use expression trees to build these delegates automatically,
+        // but it's easy to generate the code for it.
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for an enum field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="toInt32">A conversion function from <see cref="Int32"/> to the enum type.</param>
+        /// <param name="fromInt32">A conversion function from the enum type to <see cref="Int32"/>.</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">The default value.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<T> ForEnum<T>(uint tag, Func<T, int> toInt32, Func<int, T> fromInt32, T defaultValue)
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<T>(input => fromInt32(
+                input.ReadEnum()),
+                (output, value) => output.WriteEnum(toInt32(value)),
+                value => CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize(toInt32(value)), tag, defaultValue);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a message field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="parser">A parser to use for the message type.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for the given tag.</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<T> ForMessage<T>(uint tag, MessageParser<T> parser) where T : class, IMessage<T>
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<T>(
+                input => 
+                { 
+                    T message = parser.CreateTemplate(); 
+                    input.ReadMessage(message); 
+                    return message; 
+                },
+                (output, value) => output.WriteMessage(value),
+                (CodedInputStream i, ref T v) => 
+                {
+                    if (v == null)
+                    {
+                        v = parser.CreateTemplate();
+                    }
+
+                    i.ReadMessage(v);
+                },
+                (ref T v, T v2) =>
+                {
+                    if (v2 == null)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    else if (v == null)
+                    {
+                        v = v2.Clone();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        v.MergeFrom(v2);
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                }, 
+                message => CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(message), tag);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a codec suitable for a group field with the given tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="startTag">The start group tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="endTag">The end group tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="parser">A parser to use for the group message type.</param>
+        /// <returns>A codec for given tag</returns>
+        public static FieldCodec<T> ForGroup<T>(uint startTag, uint endTag, MessageParser<T> parser) where T : class, IMessage<T>
+        {
+            return new FieldCodec<T>(
+                input => 
+                { 
+                    T message = parser.CreateTemplate();
+                    input.ReadGroup(message);
+                    return message;
+                },
+                (output, value) => output.WriteGroup(value), 
+                (CodedInputStream i, ref T v) => 
+                {
+                    if (v == null)
+                    {
+                        v = parser.CreateTemplate();
+                    }
+
+                    i.ReadGroup(v);
+                },
+                (ref T v, T v2) =>
+                {
+                    if (v2 == null)
+                    {
+                        return v == null;
+                    }
+                    else if (v == null)
+                    {
+                        v = v2.Clone();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        v.MergeFrom(v2);
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                }, 
+                message => CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize(message), startTag, endTag);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a codec for a wrapper type of a class - which must be string or ByteString.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static FieldCodec<T> ForClassWrapper<T>(uint tag) where T : class
+        {
+            var nestedCodec = WrapperCodecs.GetCodec<T>();
+            return new FieldCodec<T>(
+                input => WrapperCodecs.Read<T>(input, nestedCodec),
+                (output, value) => WrapperCodecs.Write<T>(output, value, nestedCodec),
+                (CodedInputStream i, ref T v) => v = WrapperCodecs.Read<T>(i, nestedCodec),
+                (ref T v, T v2) => { v = v2; return v == null; },
+                value => WrapperCodecs.CalculateSize<T>(value, nestedCodec),
+                tag, 0,
+                null); // Default value for the wrapper
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a codec for a wrapper type of a struct - which must be Int32, Int64, UInt32, UInt64,
+        /// Bool, Single or Double.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static FieldCodec<T?> ForStructWrapper<T>(uint tag) where T : struct
+        {
+            var nestedCodec = WrapperCodecs.GetCodec<T>();
+            return new FieldCodec<T?>(
+                WrapperCodecs.GetReader<T>(),
+                (output, value) => WrapperCodecs.Write<T>(output, value.Value, nestedCodec),
+                (CodedInputStream i, ref T? v) => v = WrapperCodecs.Read<T>(i, nestedCodec),
+                (ref T? v, T? v2) => { if (v2.HasValue) { v = v2; } return v.HasValue; },
+                value => value == null ? 0 : WrapperCodecs.CalculateSize<T>(value.Value, nestedCodec),
+                tag, 0,
+                null); // Default value for the wrapper
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Helper code to create codecs for wrapper types.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Somewhat ugly with all the static methods, but the conversions involved to/from nullable types make it
+        /// slightly tricky to improve. So long as we keep the public API (ForClassWrapper, ForStructWrapper) in place,
+        /// we can refactor later if we come up with something cleaner.
+        /// </remarks>
+        private static class WrapperCodecs
+        {
+            private static readonly Dictionary<System.Type, object> Codecs = new Dictionary<System.Type, object>
+            {
+                { typeof(bool), ForBool(WireFormat.MakeTag(WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint)) },
+                { typeof(int), ForInt32(WireFormat.MakeTag(WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint)) },
+                { typeof(long), ForInt64(WireFormat.MakeTag(WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint)) },
+                { typeof(uint), ForUInt32(WireFormat.MakeTag(WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint)) },
+                { typeof(ulong), ForUInt64(WireFormat.MakeTag(WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint)) },
+                { typeof(float), ForFloat(WireFormat.MakeTag(WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32)) },
+                { typeof(double), ForDouble(WireFormat.MakeTag(WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed64)) },
+                { typeof(string), ForString(WireFormat.MakeTag(WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited)) },
+                { typeof(ByteString), ForBytes(WireFormat.MakeTag(WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited)) }
+            };
+
+            private static readonly Dictionary<System.Type, object> Readers = new Dictionary<System.Type, object>
+            {
+                // TODO: Provide more optimized readers.
+                { typeof(bool), (Func<CodedInputStream, bool?>)CodedInputStream.ReadBoolWrapper },
+                { typeof(int), (Func<CodedInputStream, int?>)CodedInputStream.ReadInt32Wrapper },
+                { typeof(long), (Func<CodedInputStream, long?>)CodedInputStream.ReadInt64Wrapper },
+                { typeof(uint), (Func<CodedInputStream, uint?>)CodedInputStream.ReadUInt32Wrapper },
+                { typeof(ulong), (Func<CodedInputStream, ulong?>)CodedInputStream.ReadUInt64Wrapper },
+                { typeof(float), BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ?
+                    (Func<CodedInputStream, float?>)CodedInputStream.ReadFloatWrapperLittleEndian :
+                    (Func<CodedInputStream, float?>)CodedInputStream.ReadFloatWrapperSlow },
+                { typeof(double), BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ?
+                    (Func<CodedInputStream, double?>)CodedInputStream.ReadDoubleWrapperLittleEndian :
+                    (Func<CodedInputStream, double?>)CodedInputStream.ReadDoubleWrapperSlow },
+                // `string` and `ByteString` less performance-sensitive. Do not implement for now.
+                { typeof(string), null },
+                { typeof(ByteString), null },
+            };
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Returns a field codec which effectively wraps a value of type T in a message.
+            ///
+            /// </summary>
+            internal static FieldCodec<T> GetCodec<T>()
+            {
+                object value;
+                if (!Codecs.TryGetValue(typeof(T), out value))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid type argument requested for wrapper codec: " + typeof(T));
+                }
+                return (FieldCodec<T>) value;
+            }
+
+            internal static Func<CodedInputStream, T?> GetReader<T>() where T : struct
+            {
+                object value;
+                if (!Readers.TryGetValue(typeof(T), out value))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid type argument requested for wrapper reader: " + typeof(T));
+                }
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    // Return default unoptimized reader for the wrapper type.
+                    var nestedCoded = GetCodec<T>();
+                    return input => Read<T>(input, nestedCoded);
+                }
+                // Return optimized read for the wrapper type.
+                return (Func<CodedInputStream, T?>)value;
+            }
+
+            internal static T Read<T>(CodedInputStream input, FieldCodec<T> codec)
+            {
+                int length = input.ReadLength();
+                int oldLimit = input.PushLimit(length);
+
+                uint tag;
+                T value = codec.DefaultValue;
+                while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0)
+                {
+                    if (tag == codec.Tag)
+                    {
+                        value = codec.Read(input);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        input.SkipLastField();
+                    }
+
+                }
+                input.CheckReadEndOfStreamTag();
+                input.PopLimit(oldLimit);
+
+                return value;
+            }
+
+            internal static void Write<T>(CodedOutputStream output, T value, FieldCodec<T> codec)
+            {
+                output.WriteLength(codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(value));
+                codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, value);
+            }
+
+            internal  static int CalculateSize<T>(T value, FieldCodec<T> codec)
+            {
+                int fieldLength = codec.CalculateSizeWithTag(value);
+                return CodedOutputStream.ComputeLengthSize(fieldLength) + fieldLength;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// <para>
+    /// An encode/decode pair for a single field. This effectively encapsulates
+    /// all the information needed to read or write the field value from/to a coded
+    /// stream.
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>
+    /// This class is public and has to be as it is used by generated code, but its public
+    /// API is very limited - just what the generated code needs to call directly.
+    /// </para>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// This never writes default values to the stream, and does not address "packedness"
+    /// in repeated fields itself, other than to know whether or not the field *should* be packed.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public sealed class FieldCodec<T>
+    {
+        private static readonly EqualityComparer<T> EqualityComparer = ProtobufEqualityComparers.GetEqualityComparer<T>();
+        private static readonly T DefaultDefault;
+        // Only non-nullable value types support packing. This is the simplest way of detecting that.
+        private static readonly bool TypeSupportsPacking = default(T) != null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges an input stream into a value
+        /// </summary>
+        internal delegate void InputMerger(CodedInputStream input, ref T value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges a value into a reference to another value, returning a boolean if the value was set
+        /// </summary>
+        internal delegate bool ValuesMerger(ref T value, T other);
+
+        static FieldCodec()
+        {
+            if (typeof(T) == typeof(string))
+            {
+                DefaultDefault = (T)(object)"";
+            }
+            else if (typeof(T) == typeof(ByteString))
+            {
+                DefaultDefault = (T)(object)ByteString.Empty;
+            }
+            // Otherwise it's the default value of the CLR type
+        }
+
+        internal static bool IsPackedRepeatedField(uint tag) =>
+            TypeSupportsPacking && WireFormat.GetTagWireType(tag) == WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited;
+
+        internal bool PackedRepeatedField { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a delegate to write a value (unconditionally) to a coded output stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal Action<CodedOutputStream, T> ValueWriter { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the size calculator for just a value.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal Func<T, int> ValueSizeCalculator { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a delegate to read a value from a coded input stream. It is assumed that
+        /// the stream is already positioned on the appropriate tag.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal Func<CodedInputStream, T> ValueReader { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a delegate to merge a value from a coded input stream.
+        /// It is assumed that the stream is already positioned on the appropriate tag
+        /// </summary>
+        internal InputMerger ValueMerger { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a delegate to merge two values together.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal ValuesMerger FieldMerger { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the fixed size for an entry, or 0 if sizes vary.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal int FixedSize { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the tag of the codec.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The tag of the codec.
+        /// </value>
+        internal uint Tag { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the end tag of the codec or 0 if there is no end tag
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The end tag of the codec.
+        /// </value>
+        internal uint EndTag { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Default value for this codec. Usually the same for every instance of the same type, but
+        /// for string/ByteString wrapper fields the codec's default value is null, whereas for
+        /// other string/ByteString fields it's "" or ByteString.Empty.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The default value of the codec's type.
+        /// </value>
+        internal T DefaultValue { get; }
+
+        private readonly int tagSize;
+
+        internal FieldCodec(
+                Func<CodedInputStream, T> reader,
+                Action<CodedOutputStream, T> writer,
+                int fixedSize,
+                uint tag,
+                T defaultValue) : this(reader, writer, _ => fixedSize, tag, defaultValue)
+        {
+            FixedSize = fixedSize;
+        }
+
+        internal FieldCodec(
+            Func<CodedInputStream, T> reader,
+            Action<CodedOutputStream, T> writer,
+            Func<T, int> sizeCalculator,
+            uint tag,
+            T defaultValue) : this(reader, writer, (CodedInputStream i, ref T v) => v = reader(i), (ref T v, T v2) => { v = v2; return true; }, sizeCalculator, tag, 0, defaultValue)
+        {
+        }
+
+        internal FieldCodec(
+            Func<CodedInputStream, T> reader,
+            Action<CodedOutputStream, T> writer,
+            InputMerger inputMerger,
+            ValuesMerger valuesMerger,
+            Func<T, int> sizeCalculator,
+            uint tag,
+            uint endTag = 0) : this(reader, writer, inputMerger, valuesMerger, sizeCalculator, tag, endTag, DefaultDefault)
+        {
+        }
+
+        internal FieldCodec(
+            Func<CodedInputStream, T> reader,
+            Action<CodedOutputStream, T> writer,
+            InputMerger inputMerger,
+            ValuesMerger valuesMerger,
+            Func<T, int> sizeCalculator,
+            uint tag,
+            uint endTag,
+            T defaultValue)
+        {
+            ValueReader = reader;
+            ValueWriter = writer;
+            ValueMerger = inputMerger;
+            FieldMerger = valuesMerger;
+            ValueSizeCalculator = sizeCalculator;
+            FixedSize = 0;
+            Tag = tag;
+            EndTag = endTag;
+            DefaultValue = defaultValue;
+            tagSize = CodedOutputStream.ComputeRawVarint32Size(tag);
+            if (endTag != 0)
+                tagSize += CodedOutputStream.ComputeRawVarint32Size(endTag);
+            // Detect packed-ness once, so we can check for it within RepeatedField<T>.
+            PackedRepeatedField = IsPackedRepeatedField(tag);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Write a tag and the given value, *if* the value is not the default.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void WriteTagAndValue(CodedOutputStream output, T value)
+        {
+            if (!IsDefault(value))
+            {
+                output.WriteTag(Tag);
+                ValueWriter(output, value);
+                if (EndTag != 0)
+                {
+                    output.WriteTag(EndTag);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a value of the codec type from the given <see cref="CodedInputStream"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="input">The input stream to read from.</param>
+        /// <returns>The value read from the stream.</returns>
+        public T Read(CodedInputStream input) => ValueReader(input);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Calculates the size required to write the given value, with a tag,
+        /// if the value is not the default.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int CalculateSizeWithTag(T value) => IsDefault(value) ? 0 : ValueSizeCalculator(value) + tagSize;
+
+        private bool IsDefault(T value) => EqualityComparer.Equals(value, DefaultValue);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FieldMaskTree.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FieldMaskTree.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2297e7a11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FieldMaskTree.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// <para>A tree representation of a FieldMask. Each leaf node in this tree represent
+    /// a field path in the FieldMask.</para>
+    ///
+    /// <para>For example, FieldMask "foo.bar,foo.baz,bar.baz" as a tree will be:</para>
+    /// <code>
+    ///   [root] -+- foo -+- bar
+    ///           |       |
+    ///           |       +- baz
+    ///           |
+    ///           +- bar --- baz
+    /// </code>
+    ///
+    /// <para>By representing FieldMasks with this tree structure we can easily convert
+    /// a FieldMask to a canonical form, merge two FieldMasks, calculate the
+    /// intersection to two FieldMasks and traverse all fields specified by the
+    /// FieldMask in a message tree.</para>
+    /// </summary>
+    internal sealed class FieldMaskTree
+    {
+        private const char FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR = '.';
+
+        internal sealed class Node
+        {
+            public Dictionary<string, Node> Children { get; } = new Dictionary<string, Node>();
+        }
+
+        private readonly Node root = new Node();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates an empty FieldMaskTree.
+        /// </summary>
+        public FieldMaskTree()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a FieldMaskTree for a given FieldMask.
+        /// </summary>
+        public FieldMaskTree(FieldMask mask)
+        {
+            MergeFromFieldMask(mask);
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return ToFieldMask().ToString();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a field path to the tree. In a FieldMask, every field path matches the
+        /// specified field as well as all its sub-fields. For example, a field path
+        /// "foo.bar" matches field "foo.bar" and also "foo.bar.baz", etc. When adding
+        /// a field path to the tree, redundant sub-paths will be removed. That is,
+        /// after adding "foo.bar" to the tree, "foo.bar.baz" will be removed if it
+        /// exists, which will turn the tree node for "foo.bar" to a leaf node.
+        /// Likewise, if the field path to add is a sub-path of an existing leaf node,
+        /// nothing will be changed in the tree.
+        /// </summary>
+        public FieldMaskTree AddFieldPath(string path)
+        {
+            var parts = path.Split(FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR);
+            if (parts.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            var node = root;
+            var createNewBranch = false;
+
+            // Find the matching node in the tree.
+            foreach (var part in parts)
+            {
+                // Check whether the path matches an existing leaf node.
+                if (!createNewBranch
+                    && node != root
+                    && node.Children.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    // The path to add is a sub-path of an existing leaf node.
+                    return this;
+                }
+
+                Node childNode;
+                if (!node.Children.TryGetValue(part, out childNode))
+                {
+                    createNewBranch = true;
+                    childNode = new Node();
+                    node.Children.Add(part, childNode);
+                }
+                node = childNode;
+            }
+
+            // Turn the matching node into a leaf node (i.e., remove sub-paths).
+            node.Children.Clear();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges all field paths in a FieldMask into this tree.
+        /// </summary>
+        public FieldMaskTree MergeFromFieldMask(FieldMask mask)
+        {
+            foreach (var path in mask.Paths)
+            {
+                AddFieldPath(path);
+            }
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts this tree to a FieldMask.
+        /// </summary>
+        public FieldMask ToFieldMask()
+        {
+            var mask = new FieldMask();
+            if (root.Children.Count != 0)
+            {
+                var paths = new List<string>();
+                GetFieldPaths(root, "", paths);
+                mask.Paths.AddRange(paths);
+            }
+
+            return mask;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gathers all field paths in a sub-tree.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void GetFieldPaths(Node node, string path, List<string> paths)
+        {
+            if (node.Children.Count == 0)
+            {
+                paths.Add(path);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            foreach (var entry in node.Children)
+            {
+                var childPath = path.Length == 0 ? entry.Key : path + "." + entry.Key;
+                GetFieldPaths(entry.Value, childPath, paths);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the intersection of this tree with the given <paramref name="path"/> to <paramref name="output"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void IntersectFieldPath(string path, FieldMaskTree output)
+        {
+            if (root.Children.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var parts = path.Split(FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR);
+            if (parts.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var node = root;
+            foreach (var part in parts)
+            {
+                if (node != root
+                    && node.Children.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    // The given path is a sub-path of an existing leaf node in the tree.
+                    output.AddFieldPath(path);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (!node.Children.TryGetValue(part, out node))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // We found a matching node for the path. All leaf children of this matching
+            // node is in the intersection.
+            var paths = new List<string>();
+            GetFieldPaths(node, path, paths);
+            foreach (var value in paths)
+            {
+                output.AddFieldPath(value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges all fields specified by this FieldMaskTree from <paramref name="source"/> to <paramref name="destination"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Merge(IMessage source, IMessage destination, FieldMask.MergeOptions options)
+        {
+            if (source.Descriptor != destination.Descriptor)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Cannot merge messages of different types.");
+            }
+
+            if (root.Children.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Merge(root, "", source, destination, options);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges all fields specified by a sub-tree from <paramref name="source"/> to <paramref name="destination"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void Merge(
+            Node node,
+            string path,
+            IMessage source,
+            IMessage destination,
+            FieldMask.MergeOptions options)
+        {
+            if (source.Descriptor != destination.Descriptor)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"source ({source.Descriptor}) and destination ({destination.Descriptor}) descriptor must be equal");
+            }
+
+            var descriptor = source.Descriptor;
+            foreach (var entry in node.Children)
+            {
+                var field = descriptor.FindFieldByName(entry.Key);
+                if (field == null)
+                {
+                    Debug.WriteLine($"Cannot find field \"{entry.Key}\" in message type \"{descriptor.FullName}\"");
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (entry.Value.Children.Count != 0)
+                {
+                    if (field.IsRepeated
+                        || field.FieldType != FieldType.Message)
+                    {
+                        Debug.WriteLine($"Field \"{field.FullName}\" is not a singular message field and cannot have sub-fields.");
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    var sourceField = field.Accessor.GetValue(source);
+                    var destinationField = field.Accessor.GetValue(destination);
+                    if (sourceField == null
+                        && destinationField == null)
+                    {
+                        // If the message field is not present in both source and destination, skip recursing
+                        // so we don't create unnecessary empty messages.
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (destinationField == null)
+                    {
+                        // If we have to merge but the destination does not contain the field, create it.
+                        destinationField = field.MessageType.Parser.CreateTemplate();
+                        field.Accessor.SetValue(destination, destinationField);
+                    }
+
+                    var childPath = path.Length == 0 ? entry.Key : path + "." + entry.Key;
+                    Merge(entry.Value, childPath, (IMessage)sourceField, (IMessage)destinationField, options);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (field.IsRepeated)
+                {
+                    if (options.ReplaceRepeatedFields)
+                    {
+                        field.Accessor.Clear(destination);
+                    }
+
+                    var sourceField = (IList)field.Accessor.GetValue(source);
+                    var destinationField = (IList)field.Accessor.GetValue(destination);
+                    foreach (var element in sourceField)
+                    {
+                        destinationField.Add(element);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var sourceField = field.Accessor.GetValue(source);
+                    if (field.FieldType == FieldType.Message)
+                    {
+                        if (options.ReplaceMessageFields)
+                        {
+                            if (sourceField == null)
+                            {
+                                field.Accessor.Clear(destination);
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                field.Accessor.SetValue(destination, sourceField);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (sourceField != null)
+                            {
+                                var sourceByteString = ((IMessage)sourceField).ToByteString();
+                                var destinationValue = (IMessage)field.Accessor.GetValue(destination);
+                                if (destinationValue != null)
+                                {
+                                    destinationValue.MergeFrom(sourceByteString);
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    field.Accessor.SetValue(destination, field.MessageType.Parser.ParseFrom(sourceByteString));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (sourceField != null
+                            || !options.ReplacePrimitiveFields)
+                        {
+                            field.Accessor.SetValue(destination, sourceField);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            field.Accessor.Clear(destination);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FrameworkPortability.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FrameworkPortability.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9498dbe4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/FrameworkPortability.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Class containing helpful workarounds for various platform compatibility
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static class FrameworkPortability
+    {
+        // The value of RegexOptions.Compiled is 8. We can test for the presence at
+        // execution time using Enum.IsDefined, so a single build will do the right thing
+        // on each platform. (RegexOptions.Compiled isn't supported by PCLs.)
+        internal static readonly RegexOptions CompiledRegexWhereAvailable =
+            Enum.IsDefined(typeof(RegexOptions), 8) ? (RegexOptions)8 : RegexOptions.None;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Google.Protobuf.csproj b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Google.Protobuf.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53f45febc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Google.Protobuf.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <Description>C# runtime library for Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format.</Description>
+    <Copyright>Copyright 2015, Google Inc.</Copyright>
+    <AssemblyTitle>Google Protocol Buffers</AssemblyTitle>
+    <VersionPrefix>3.11.4</VersionPrefix>
+    <LangVersion>6</LangVersion>
+    <Authors>Google Inc.</Authors>
+    <TargetFrameworks>netstandard1.0;netstandard2.0;net45</TargetFrameworks>
+    <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
+    <AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>../../keys/Google.Protobuf.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
+    <SignAssembly>true</SignAssembly>
+    <PublicSign Condition=" '$(OS)' != 'Windows_NT' ">true</PublicSign>
+    <PackageTags>Protocol;Buffers;Binary;Serialization;Format;Google;proto;proto3</PackageTags>
+    <PackageReleaseNotes>C# proto3 support</PackageReleaseNotes>
+    <PackageProjectUrl>https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf</PackageProjectUrl>
+    <PackageLicenseUrl>https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/LICENSE</PackageLicenseUrl>
+    <RepositoryType>git</RepositoryType>
+    <RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf.git</RepositoryUrl>
+    <!-- Include PDB in the built .nupkg -->
+    <AllowedOutputExtensionsInPackageBuildOutputFolder>$(AllowedOutputExtensionsInPackageBuildOutputFolder);.pdb</AllowedOutputExtensionsInPackageBuildOutputFolder>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'net45' or '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netstandard2.0' ">
+    <DefineConstants>$(DefineConstants);GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SUPPORT_SYSTEM_MEMORY</DefineConstants>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <!-- Needed for the net45 build to work on Unix. See https://github.com/dotnet/designs/pull/33 -->
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NETFramework.ReferenceAssemblies" PrivateAssets="All" Version="1.0.0-preview.2"/>
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'net45' or '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netstandard2.0' ">
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Memory" Version="4.5.2"/>
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.SourceLink.GitHub" PrivateAssets="All" Version="1.0.0-beta2-18618-05"/>
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ICustomDiagnosticMessage.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ICustomDiagnosticMessage.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a0090569f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ICustomDiagnosticMessage.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A message type that has a custom string format for diagnostic purposes.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// <para>
+    /// Calling <see cref="object.ToString"/> on a generated message type normally
+    /// returns the JSON representation. If a message type implements this interface,
+    /// then the <see cref="ToDiagnosticString"/> method will be called instead of the regular
+    /// JSON formatting code, but only when <c>ToString()</c> is called either on the message itself
+    /// or on another message which contains it. This does not affect the normal JSON formatting of
+    /// the message.
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>
+    /// For example, if you create a proto message representing a GUID, the internal
+    /// representation may be a <c>bytes</c> field or four <c>fixed32</c> fields. However, when debugging
+    /// it may be more convenient to see a result in the same format as <see cref="System.Guid"/> provides.
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>This interface extends <see cref="IMessage"/> to avoid it accidentally being implemented
+    /// on types other than messages, where it would not be used by anything in the framework.</para>
+    /// </remarks>
+    public interface ICustomDiagnosticMessage : IMessage
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a string representation of this object, for diagnostic purposes.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method is called when a message is formatted as part of a <see cref="object.ToString"/>
+        /// call. It does not affect the JSON representation used by <see cref="JsonFormatter"/> other than
+        /// in calls to <see cref="JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(IMessage)"/>. While it is recommended
+        /// that the result is valid JSON, this is never assumed by the Protobuf library.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <returns>A string representation of this object, for diagnostic purposes.</returns>
+        string ToDiagnosticString();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/IDeepCloneable.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/IDeepCloneable.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9c71bbe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/IDeepCloneable.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generic interface for a deeply cloneable type.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// <para>
+    /// All generated messages implement this interface, but so do some non-message types.
+    /// Additionally, due to the type constraint on <c>T</c> in <see cref="IMessage{T}"/>,
+    /// it is simpler to keep this as a separate interface.
+    /// </para>
+    /// </remarks>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">The type itself, returned by the <see cref="Clone"/> method.</typeparam>
+    public interface IDeepCloneable<T>
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a deep clone of this object.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A deep clone of this object.</returns>
+        T Clone();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/IExtendableMessage.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/IExtendableMessage.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fca2b427
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/IExtendableMessage.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generic interface for a Protocol Buffers message containing one or more extensions, where the type parameter is expected to be the same type as the implementation class.
+    /// This interface is experiemental and is subject to change.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface IExtendableMessage<T> : IMessage<T> where T : IExtendableMessage<T>
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of the specified extension
+        /// </summary>
+        TValue GetExtension<TValue>(Extension<T, TValue> extension);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of the specified repeated extension or null if the extension isn't registered in this set.
+        /// For a version of this method that never returns null, use <see cref="IExtendableMessage{T}.GetOrInitializeExtension{TValue}(RepeatedExtension{T, TValue})"/>
+        /// </summary>
+        RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(RepeatedExtension<T, TValue> extension);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of the specified repeated extension, registering it if it hasn't already been registered.
+        /// </summary>
+        RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(RepeatedExtension<T, TValue> extension);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the value of the specified extension
+        /// </summary>
+        void SetExtension<TValue>(Extension<T, TValue> extension, TValue value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets whether the value of the specified extension is set
+        /// </summary>
+        bool HasExtension<TValue>(Extension<T, TValue> extension);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clears the value of the specified extension
+        /// </summary>
+        void ClearExtension<TValue>(Extension<T, TValue> extension);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clears the value of the specified repeated extension
+        /// </summary>
+        void ClearExtension<TValue>(RepeatedExtension<T, TValue> extension);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/IMessage.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/IMessage.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d089f9463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/IMessage.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Interface for a Protocol Buffers message, supporting
+    /// basic operations required for serialization.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface IMessage
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges the data from the specified coded input stream with the current message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>See the user guide for precise merge semantics.</remarks>
+        /// <param name="input"></param>
+        void MergeFrom(CodedInputStream input);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the data to the given coded output stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="output">Coded output stream to write the data to. Must not be null.</param>
+        void WriteTo(CodedOutputStream output);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Calculates the size of this message in Protocol Buffer wire format, in bytes.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The number of bytes required to write this message
+        /// to a coded output stream.</returns>
+        int CalculateSize();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Descriptor for this message. All instances are expected to return the same descriptor,
+        /// and for generated types this will be an explicitly-implemented member, returning the
+        /// same value as the static property declared on the type.
+        /// </summary>
+        MessageDescriptor Descriptor { get; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generic interface for a Protocol Buffers message,
+    /// where the type parameter is expected to be the same type as
+    /// the implementation class.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">The message type.</typeparam>
+    public interface IMessage<T> : IMessage, IEquatable<T>, IDeepCloneable<T> where T : IMessage<T>
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges the given message into this one.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>See the user guide for precise merge semantics.</remarks>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to merge with this one. Must not be null.</param>
+        void MergeFrom(T message);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/InvalidJsonException.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/InvalidJsonException.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b54342014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/InvalidJsonException.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Thrown when an attempt is made to parse invalid JSON, e.g. using
+    /// a non-string property key, or including a redundant comma. Parsing a protocol buffer
+    /// message represented in JSON using <see cref="JsonParser"/> can throw both this
+    /// exception and <see cref="InvalidProtocolBufferException"/> depending on the situation. This
+    /// exception is only thrown for "pure JSON" errors, whereas <c>InvalidProtocolBufferException</c>
+    /// is thrown when the JSON may be valid in and of itself, but cannot be parsed as a protocol buffer
+    /// message.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class InvalidJsonException : IOException
+    {
+        internal InvalidJsonException(string message)
+            : base(message)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5ffe9bbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Thrown when a protocol message being parsed is invalid in some way,
+    /// e.g. it contains a malformed varint or a negative byte length.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class InvalidProtocolBufferException : IOException
+    {
+        internal InvalidProtocolBufferException(string message)
+            : base(message)
+        {
+        }
+
+        internal InvalidProtocolBufferException(string message, Exception innerException)
+            : base(message, innerException)
+        {
+        }
+
+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException MoreDataAvailable()
+        {
+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                "Completed reading a message while more data was available in the stream.");
+        }
+
+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException TruncatedMessage()
+        {
+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                "While parsing a protocol message, the input ended unexpectedly " +
+                "in the middle of a field.  This could mean either that the " +
+                "input has been truncated or that an embedded message " +
+                "misreported its own length.");
+        }
+
+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException NegativeSize()
+        {
+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                "CodedInputStream encountered an embedded string or message " +
+                "which claimed to have negative size.");
+        }
+
+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException MalformedVarint()
+        {
+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                "CodedInputStream encountered a malformed varint.");
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates an exception for an error condition of an invalid tag being encountered.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException InvalidTag()
+        {
+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                "Protocol message contained an invalid tag (zero).");
+        }
+
+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException InvalidWireType()
+        {
+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                "Protocol message contained a tag with an invalid wire type.");
+        }
+
+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException InvalidBase64(Exception innerException)
+        {
+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid base64 data", innerException);
+        }
+
+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException InvalidEndTag()
+        {
+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                "Protocol message end-group tag did not match expected tag.");
+        }
+
+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException RecursionLimitExceeded()
+        {
+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                "Protocol message had too many levels of nesting.  May be malicious.  " +
+                "Use CodedInputStream.SetRecursionLimit() to increase the depth limit.");
+        }
+
+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException JsonRecursionLimitExceeded()
+        {
+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                "Protocol message had too many levels of nesting.  May be malicious.  " +
+                "Use JsonParser.Settings to increase the depth limit.");
+        }
+
+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException SizeLimitExceeded()
+        {
+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                "Protocol message was too large.  May be malicious.  " +
+                "Use CodedInputStream.SetSizeLimit() to increase the size limit.");
+        }
+
+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException InvalidMessageStreamTag()
+        {
+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                "Stream of protocol messages had invalid tag. Expected tag is length-delimited field 1.");
+        }
+
+        internal static InvalidProtocolBufferException MissingFields()
+        {
+            return new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Message was missing required fields");
+        }
+}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonFormatter.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonFormatter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b4c5f0a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonFormatter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,920 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Text;
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Reflection-based converter from messages to JSON.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// <para>
+    /// Instances of this class are thread-safe, with no mutable state.
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>
+    /// This is a simple start to get JSON formatting working. As it's reflection-based,
+    /// it's not as quick as baking calls into generated messages - but is a simpler implementation.
+    /// (This code is generally not heavily optimized.)
+    /// </para>
+    /// </remarks>
+    public sealed class JsonFormatter
+    {
+        internal const string AnyTypeUrlField = "@type";
+        internal const string AnyDiagnosticValueField = "@value";
+        internal const string AnyWellKnownTypeValueField = "value";
+        private const string TypeUrlPrefix = "type.googleapis.com";
+        private const string NameValueSeparator = ": ";
+        private const string PropertySeparator = ", ";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a formatter using the default settings.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static JsonFormatter Default { get; } = new JsonFormatter(Settings.Default);
+
+        // A JSON formatter which *only* exists
+        private static readonly JsonFormatter diagnosticFormatter = new JsonFormatter(Settings.Default);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The JSON representation of the first 160 characters of Unicode.
+        /// Empty strings are replaced by the static constructor.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static readonly string[] CommonRepresentations = {
+            // C0 (ASCII and derivatives) control characters
+            "\\u0000", "\\u0001", "\\u0002", "\\u0003",  // 0x00
+          "\\u0004", "\\u0005", "\\u0006", "\\u0007",
+          "\\b",     "\\t",     "\\n",     "\\u000b",
+          "\\f",     "\\r",     "\\u000e", "\\u000f",
+          "\\u0010", "\\u0011", "\\u0012", "\\u0013",  // 0x10
+          "\\u0014", "\\u0015", "\\u0016", "\\u0017",
+          "\\u0018", "\\u0019", "\\u001a", "\\u001b",
+          "\\u001c", "\\u001d", "\\u001e", "\\u001f",
+            // Escaping of " and \ are required by www.json.org string definition.
+            // Escaping of < and > are required for HTML security.
+            "", "", "\\\"", "", "",        "", "",        "",  // 0x20
+          "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",
+          "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",  // 0x30
+          "", "", "",     "", "\\u003c", "", "\\u003e", "",
+          "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",  // 0x40
+          "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",
+          "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",  // 0x50
+          "", "", "",     "", "\\\\",    "", "",        "",
+          "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",  // 0x60
+          "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",
+          "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",  // 0x70
+          "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "\\u007f",
+            // C1 (ISO 8859 and Unicode) extended control characters
+            "\\u0080", "\\u0081", "\\u0082", "\\u0083",  // 0x80
+          "\\u0084", "\\u0085", "\\u0086", "\\u0087",
+          "\\u0088", "\\u0089", "\\u008a", "\\u008b",
+          "\\u008c", "\\u008d", "\\u008e", "\\u008f",
+          "\\u0090", "\\u0091", "\\u0092", "\\u0093",  // 0x90
+          "\\u0094", "\\u0095", "\\u0096", "\\u0097",
+          "\\u0098", "\\u0099", "\\u009a", "\\u009b",
+          "\\u009c", "\\u009d", "\\u009e", "\\u009f"
+        };
+
+        static JsonFormatter()
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < CommonRepresentations.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (CommonRepresentations[i] == "")
+                {
+                    CommonRepresentations[i] = ((char) i).ToString();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private readonly Settings settings;
+
+        private bool DiagnosticOnly => ReferenceEquals(this, diagnosticFormatter);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new formatted with the given settings.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="settings">The settings.</param>
+        public JsonFormatter(Settings settings)
+        {
+            this.settings = settings;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Formats the specified message as JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to format.</param>
+        /// <returns>The formatted message.</returns>
+        public string Format(IMessage message)
+        {
+            var writer = new StringWriter();
+            Format(message, writer);
+            return writer.ToString();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Formats the specified message as JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to format.</param>
+        /// <param name="writer">The TextWriter to write the formatted message to.</param>
+        /// <returns>The formatted message.</returns>
+        public void Format(IMessage message, TextWriter writer)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(message, nameof(message));
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(writer, nameof(writer));
+
+            if (message.Descriptor.IsWellKnownType)
+            {
+                WriteWellKnownTypeValue(writer, message.Descriptor, message);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                WriteMessage(writer, message);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a message to JSON for diagnostic purposes with no extra context.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>
+        /// This differs from calling <see cref="Format(IMessage)"/> on the default JSON
+        /// formatter in its handling of <see cref="Any"/>. As no type registry is available
+        /// in <see cref="object.ToString"/> calls, the normal way of resolving the type of
+        /// an <c>Any</c> message cannot be applied. Instead, a JSON property named <c>@value</c>
+        /// is included with the base64 data from the <see cref="Any.Value"/> property of the message.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>The value returned by this method is only designed to be used for diagnostic
+        /// purposes. It may not be parsable by <see cref="JsonParser"/>, and may not be parsable
+        /// by other Protocol Buffer implementations.</para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to format for diagnostic purposes.</param>
+        /// <returns>The diagnostic-only JSON representation of the message</returns>
+        public static string ToDiagnosticString(IMessage message)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(message, nameof(message));
+            return diagnosticFormatter.Format(message);
+        }
+
+        private void WriteMessage(TextWriter writer, IMessage message)
+        {
+            if (message == null)
+            {
+                WriteNull(writer);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (DiagnosticOnly)
+            {
+                ICustomDiagnosticMessage customDiagnosticMessage = message as ICustomDiagnosticMessage;
+                if (customDiagnosticMessage != null)
+                {
+                    writer.Write(customDiagnosticMessage.ToDiagnosticString());
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            writer.Write("{ ");
+            bool writtenFields = WriteMessageFields(writer, message, false);
+            writer.Write(writtenFields ? " }" : "}");
+        }
+
+        private bool WriteMessageFields(TextWriter writer, IMessage message, bool assumeFirstFieldWritten)
+        {
+            var fields = message.Descriptor.Fields;
+            bool first = !assumeFirstFieldWritten;
+            // First non-oneof fields
+            foreach (var field in fields.InFieldNumberOrder())
+            {
+                var accessor = field.Accessor;
+                if (field.ContainingOneof != null && field.ContainingOneof.Accessor.GetCaseFieldDescriptor(message) != field)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // Omit default values unless we're asked to format them, or they're oneofs (where the default
+                // value is still formatted regardless, because that's how we preserve the oneof case).
+                object value = accessor.GetValue(message);
+                if (field.ContainingOneof == null && !settings.FormatDefaultValues && IsDefaultValue(accessor, value))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Okay, all tests complete: let's write the field value...
+                if (!first)
+                {
+                    writer.Write(PropertySeparator);
+                }
+
+                WriteString(writer, accessor.Descriptor.JsonName);
+                writer.Write(NameValueSeparator);
+                WriteValue(writer, value);
+
+                first = false;
+            }
+            return !first;
+        }
+
+        // Converted from java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Descriptors.java
+        internal static string ToJsonName(string name)
+        {
+            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(name.Length);
+            bool isNextUpperCase = false;
+            foreach (char ch in name)
+            {
+                if (ch == '_')
+                {
+                    isNextUpperCase = true;
+                }
+                else if (isNextUpperCase)
+                {
+                    result.Append(char.ToUpperInvariant(ch));
+                    isNextUpperCase = false;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    result.Append(ch);
+                }
+            }
+            return result.ToString();
+        }
+
+        internal static string FromJsonName(string name)
+        {
+            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(name.Length);
+            foreach (char ch in name)
+            {
+                if (char.IsUpper(ch))
+                {
+                    result.Append('_');
+                    result.Append(char.ToLowerInvariant(ch));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    result.Append(ch);
+                }
+            }
+            return result.ToString();
+        }
+
+        private static void WriteNull(TextWriter writer)
+        {
+            writer.Write("null");
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsDefaultValue(IFieldAccessor accessor, object value)
+        {
+            if (accessor.Descriptor.IsMap)
+            {
+                IDictionary dictionary = (IDictionary) value;
+                return dictionary.Count == 0;
+            }
+            if (accessor.Descriptor.IsRepeated)
+            {
+                IList list = (IList) value;
+                return list.Count == 0;
+            }
+            switch (accessor.Descriptor.FieldType)
+            {
+                case FieldType.Bool:
+                    return (bool) value == false;
+                case FieldType.Bytes:
+                    return (ByteString) value == ByteString.Empty;
+                case FieldType.String:
+                    return (string) value == "";
+                case FieldType.Double:
+                    return (double) value == 0.0;
+                case FieldType.SInt32:
+                case FieldType.Int32:
+                case FieldType.SFixed32:
+                case FieldType.Enum:
+                    return (int) value == 0;
+                case FieldType.Fixed32:
+                case FieldType.UInt32:
+                    return (uint) value == 0;
+                case FieldType.Fixed64:
+                case FieldType.UInt64:
+                    return (ulong) value == 0;
+                case FieldType.SFixed64:
+                case FieldType.Int64:
+                case FieldType.SInt64:
+                    return (long) value == 0;
+                case FieldType.Float:
+                    return (float) value == 0f;
+                case FieldType.Message:
+                case FieldType.Group: // Never expect to get this, but...
+                    return value == null;
+                default:
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Invalid field type");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes a single value to the given writer as JSON. Only types understood by
+        /// Protocol Buffers can be written in this way. This method is only exposed for
+        /// advanced use cases; most users should be using <see cref="Format(IMessage)"/>
+        /// or <see cref="Format(IMessage, TextWriter)"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="writer">The writer to write the value to. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to write. May be null.</param>
+        public void WriteValue(TextWriter writer, object value)
+        {
+            if (value == null)
+            {
+                WriteNull(writer);
+            }
+            else if (value is bool)
+            {
+                writer.Write((bool)value ? "true" : "false");
+            }
+            else if (value is ByteString)
+            {
+                // Nothing in Base64 needs escaping
+                writer.Write('"');
+                writer.Write(((ByteString)value).ToBase64());
+                writer.Write('"');
+            }
+            else if (value is string)
+            {
+                WriteString(writer, (string)value);
+            }
+            else if (value is IDictionary)
+            {
+                WriteDictionary(writer, (IDictionary)value);
+            }
+            else if (value is IList)
+            {
+                WriteList(writer, (IList)value);
+            }
+            else if (value is int || value is uint)
+            {
+                IFormattable formattable = (IFormattable) value;
+                writer.Write(formattable.ToString("d", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+            else if (value is long || value is ulong)
+            {
+                writer.Write('"');
+                IFormattable formattable = (IFormattable) value;
+                writer.Write(formattable.ToString("d", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+                writer.Write('"');
+            }
+            else if (value is System.Enum)
+            {
+                if (settings.FormatEnumsAsIntegers)
+                {
+                    WriteValue(writer, (int)value);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    string name = OriginalEnumValueHelper.GetOriginalName(value);
+                    if (name != null)
+                    {
+                        WriteString(writer, name);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        WriteValue(writer, (int)value);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else if (value is float || value is double)
+            {
+                string text = ((IFormattable) value).ToString("r", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                if (text == "NaN" || text == "Infinity" || text == "-Infinity")
+                {
+                    writer.Write('"');
+                    writer.Write(text);
+                    writer.Write('"');
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    writer.Write(text);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (value is IMessage)
+            {
+                Format((IMessage)value, writer);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Unable to format value of type " + value.GetType());
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Central interception point for well-known type formatting. Any well-known types which
+        /// don't need special handling can fall back to WriteMessage. We avoid assuming that the
+        /// values are using the embedded well-known types, in order to allow for dynamic messages
+        /// in the future.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void WriteWellKnownTypeValue(TextWriter writer, MessageDescriptor descriptor, object value)
+        {
+            // Currently, we can never actually get here, because null values are always handled by the caller. But if we *could*,
+            // this would do the right thing.
+            if (value == null)
+            {
+                WriteNull(writer);
+                return;
+            }
+            // For wrapper types, the value will either be the (possibly boxed) "native" value,
+            // or the message itself if we're formatting it at the top level (e.g. just calling ToString on the object itself).
+            // If it's the message form, we can extract the value first, which *will* be the (possibly boxed) native value,
+            // and then proceed, writing it as if we were definitely in a field. (We never need to wrap it in an extra string...
+            // WriteValue will do the right thing.)
+            if (descriptor.IsWrapperType)
+            {
+                if (value is IMessage)
+                {
+                    var message = (IMessage) value;
+                    value = message.Descriptor.Fields[WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message);
+                }
+                WriteValue(writer, value);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (descriptor.FullName == Timestamp.Descriptor.FullName)
+            {
+                WriteTimestamp(writer, (IMessage)value);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (descriptor.FullName == Duration.Descriptor.FullName)
+            {
+                WriteDuration(writer, (IMessage)value);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (descriptor.FullName == FieldMask.Descriptor.FullName)
+            {
+                WriteFieldMask(writer, (IMessage)value);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (descriptor.FullName == Struct.Descriptor.FullName)
+            {
+                WriteStruct(writer, (IMessage)value);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (descriptor.FullName == ListValue.Descriptor.FullName)
+            {
+                var fieldAccessor = descriptor.Fields[ListValue.ValuesFieldNumber].Accessor;
+                WriteList(writer, (IList)fieldAccessor.GetValue((IMessage)value));
+                return;
+            }
+            if (descriptor.FullName == Value.Descriptor.FullName)
+            {
+                WriteStructFieldValue(writer, (IMessage)value);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (descriptor.FullName == Any.Descriptor.FullName)
+            {
+                WriteAny(writer, (IMessage)value);
+                return;
+            }
+            WriteMessage(writer, (IMessage)value);
+        }
+
+        private void WriteTimestamp(TextWriter writer, IMessage value)
+        {
+            // TODO: In the common case where this *is* using the built-in Timestamp type, we could
+            // avoid all the reflection at this point, by casting to Timestamp. In the interests of
+            // avoiding subtle bugs, don't do that until we've implemented DynamicMessage so that we can prove
+            // it still works in that case.
+            int nanos = (int) value.Descriptor.Fields[Timestamp.NanosFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(value);
+            long seconds = (long) value.Descriptor.Fields[Timestamp.SecondsFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(value);
+            writer.Write(Timestamp.ToJson(seconds, nanos, DiagnosticOnly));
+        }
+
+        private void WriteDuration(TextWriter writer, IMessage value)
+        {
+            // TODO: Same as for WriteTimestamp
+            int nanos = (int) value.Descriptor.Fields[Duration.NanosFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(value);
+            long seconds = (long) value.Descriptor.Fields[Duration.SecondsFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(value);
+            writer.Write(Duration.ToJson(seconds, nanos, DiagnosticOnly));
+        }
+
+        private void WriteFieldMask(TextWriter writer, IMessage value)
+        {
+            var paths = (IList<string>) value.Descriptor.Fields[FieldMask.PathsFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(value);
+            writer.Write(FieldMask.ToJson(paths, DiagnosticOnly));
+        }
+
+        private void WriteAny(TextWriter writer, IMessage value)
+        {
+            if (DiagnosticOnly)
+            {
+                WriteDiagnosticOnlyAny(writer, value);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            string typeUrl = (string) value.Descriptor.Fields[Any.TypeUrlFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(value);
+            ByteString data = (ByteString) value.Descriptor.Fields[Any.ValueFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(value);
+            string typeName = Any.GetTypeName(typeUrl);
+            MessageDescriptor descriptor = settings.TypeRegistry.Find(typeName);
+            if (descriptor == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Type registry has no descriptor for type name '{typeName}'");
+            }
+            IMessage message = descriptor.Parser.ParseFrom(data);
+            writer.Write("{ ");
+            WriteString(writer, AnyTypeUrlField);
+            writer.Write(NameValueSeparator);
+            WriteString(writer, typeUrl);
+
+            if (descriptor.IsWellKnownType)
+            {
+                writer.Write(PropertySeparator);
+                WriteString(writer, AnyWellKnownTypeValueField);
+                writer.Write(NameValueSeparator);
+                WriteWellKnownTypeValue(writer, descriptor, message);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                WriteMessageFields(writer, message, true);
+            }
+            writer.Write(" }");
+        }
+
+        private void WriteDiagnosticOnlyAny(TextWriter writer, IMessage value)
+        {
+            string typeUrl = (string) value.Descriptor.Fields[Any.TypeUrlFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(value);
+            ByteString data = (ByteString) value.Descriptor.Fields[Any.ValueFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(value);
+            writer.Write("{ ");
+            WriteString(writer, AnyTypeUrlField);
+            writer.Write(NameValueSeparator);
+            WriteString(writer, typeUrl);
+            writer.Write(PropertySeparator);
+            WriteString(writer, AnyDiagnosticValueField);
+            writer.Write(NameValueSeparator);
+            writer.Write('"');
+            writer.Write(data.ToBase64());
+            writer.Write('"');
+            writer.Write(" }");
+        }
+
+        private void WriteStruct(TextWriter writer, IMessage message)
+        {
+            writer.Write("{ ");
+            IDictionary fields = (IDictionary) message.Descriptor.Fields[Struct.FieldsFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message);
+            bool first = true;
+            foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in fields)
+            {
+                string key = (string) entry.Key;
+                IMessage value = (IMessage) entry.Value;
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key) || value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Struct fields cannot have an empty key or a null value.");
+                }
+
+                if (!first)
+                {
+                    writer.Write(PropertySeparator);
+                }
+                WriteString(writer, key);
+                writer.Write(NameValueSeparator);
+                WriteStructFieldValue(writer, value);
+                first = false;
+            }
+            writer.Write(first ? "}" : " }");
+        }
+
+        private void WriteStructFieldValue(TextWriter writer, IMessage message)
+        {
+            var specifiedField = message.Descriptor.Oneofs[0].Accessor.GetCaseFieldDescriptor(message);
+            if (specifiedField == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Value message must contain a value for the oneof.");
+            }
+
+            object value = specifiedField.Accessor.GetValue(message);
+
+            switch (specifiedField.FieldNumber)
+            {
+                case Value.BoolValueFieldNumber:
+                case Value.StringValueFieldNumber:
+                case Value.NumberValueFieldNumber:
+                    WriteValue(writer, value);
+                    return;
+                case Value.StructValueFieldNumber:
+                case Value.ListValueFieldNumber:
+                    // Structs and ListValues are nested messages, and already well-known types.
+                    var nestedMessage = (IMessage) specifiedField.Accessor.GetValue(message);
+                    WriteWellKnownTypeValue(writer, nestedMessage.Descriptor, nestedMessage);
+                    return;
+                case Value.NullValueFieldNumber:
+                    WriteNull(writer);
+                    return;
+                default:
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Unexpected case in struct field: " + specifiedField.FieldNumber);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal void WriteList(TextWriter writer, IList list)
+        {
+            writer.Write("[ ");
+            bool first = true;
+            foreach (var value in list)
+            {
+                if (!first)
+                {
+                    writer.Write(PropertySeparator);
+                }
+                WriteValue(writer, value);
+                first = false;
+            }
+            writer.Write(first ? "]" : " ]");
+        }
+
+        internal void WriteDictionary(TextWriter writer, IDictionary dictionary)
+        {
+            writer.Write("{ ");
+            bool first = true;
+            // This will box each pair. Could use IDictionaryEnumerator, but that's ugly in terms of disposal.
+            foreach (DictionaryEntry pair in dictionary)
+            {
+                if (!first)
+                {
+                    writer.Write(PropertySeparator);
+                }
+                string keyText;
+                if (pair.Key is string)
+                {
+                    keyText = (string) pair.Key;
+                }
+                else if (pair.Key is bool)
+                {
+                    keyText = (bool) pair.Key ? "true" : "false";
+                }
+                else if (pair.Key is int || pair.Key is uint | pair.Key is long || pair.Key is ulong)
+                {
+                    keyText = ((IFormattable) pair.Key).ToString("d", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (pair.Key == null)
+                    {
+                        throw new ArgumentException("Dictionary has entry with null key");
+                    }
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Unhandled dictionary key type: " + pair.Key.GetType());
+                }
+                WriteString(writer, keyText);
+                writer.Write(NameValueSeparator);
+                WriteValue(writer, pair.Value);
+                first = false;
+            }
+            writer.Write(first ? "}" : " }");
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes a string (including leading and trailing double quotes) to a builder, escaping as required.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Other than surrogate pair handling, this code is mostly taken from src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.cc.
+        /// </remarks>
+        internal static void WriteString(TextWriter writer, string text)
+        {
+            writer.Write('"');
+            for (int i = 0; i < text.Length; i++)
+            {
+                char c = text[i];
+                if (c < 0xa0)
+                {
+                    writer.Write(CommonRepresentations[c]);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (char.IsHighSurrogate(c))
+                {
+                    // Encountered first part of a surrogate pair.
+                    // Check that we have the whole pair, and encode both parts as hex.
+                    i++;
+                    if (i == text.Length || !char.IsLowSurrogate(text[i]))
+                    {
+                        throw new ArgumentException("String contains low surrogate not followed by high surrogate");
+                    }
+                    HexEncodeUtf16CodeUnit(writer, c);
+                    HexEncodeUtf16CodeUnit(writer, text[i]);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else if (char.IsLowSurrogate(c))
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("String contains high surrogate not preceded by low surrogate");
+                }
+                switch ((uint) c)
+                {
+                    // These are not required by json spec
+                    // but used to prevent security bugs in javascript.
+                    case 0xfeff:  // Zero width no-break space
+                    case 0xfff9:  // Interlinear annotation anchor
+                    case 0xfffa:  // Interlinear annotation separator
+                    case 0xfffb:  // Interlinear annotation terminator
+
+                    case 0x00ad:  // Soft-hyphen
+                    case 0x06dd:  // Arabic end of ayah
+                    case 0x070f:  // Syriac abbreviation mark
+                    case 0x17b4:  // Khmer vowel inherent Aq
+                    case 0x17b5:  // Khmer vowel inherent Aa
+                        HexEncodeUtf16CodeUnit(writer, c);
+                        break;
+
+                    default:
+                        if ((c >= 0x0600 && c <= 0x0603) ||  // Arabic signs
+                            (c >= 0x200b && c <= 0x200f) ||  // Zero width etc.
+                            (c >= 0x2028 && c <= 0x202e) ||  // Separators etc.
+                            (c >= 0x2060 && c <= 0x2064) ||  // Invisible etc.
+                            (c >= 0x206a && c <= 0x206f))
+                        {
+                            HexEncodeUtf16CodeUnit(writer, c);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            // No handling of surrogates here - that's done earlier
+                            writer.Write(c);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+            writer.Write('"');
+        }
+
+        private const string Hex = "0123456789abcdef";
+        private static void HexEncodeUtf16CodeUnit(TextWriter writer, char c)
+        {
+            writer.Write("\\u");
+            writer.Write(Hex[(c >> 12) & 0xf]);
+            writer.Write(Hex[(c >> 8) & 0xf]);
+            writer.Write(Hex[(c >> 4) & 0xf]);
+            writer.Write(Hex[(c >> 0) & 0xf]);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Settings controlling JSON formatting.
+        /// </summary>
+        public sealed class Settings
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Default settings, as used by <see cref="JsonFormatter.Default"/>
+            /// </summary>
+            public static Settings Default { get; }
+
+            // Workaround for the Mono compiler complaining about XML comments not being on
+            // valid language elements.
+            static Settings()
+            {
+                Default = new Settings(false);
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Whether fields whose values are the default for the field type (e.g. 0 for integers)
+            /// should be formatted (true) or omitted (false).
+            /// </summary>
+            public bool FormatDefaultValues { get; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The type registry used to format <see cref="Any"/> messages.
+            /// </summary>
+            public TypeRegistry TypeRegistry { get; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Whether to format enums as ints. Defaults to false.
+            /// </summary>
+            public bool FormatEnumsAsIntegers { get; }
+
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a new <see cref="Settings"/> object with the specified formatting of default values
+            /// and an empty type registry.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="formatDefaultValues"><c>true</c> if default values (0, empty strings etc) should be formatted; <c>false</c> otherwise.</param>
+            public Settings(bool formatDefaultValues) : this(formatDefaultValues, TypeRegistry.Empty)
+            {
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a new <see cref="Settings"/> object with the specified formatting of default values
+            /// and type registry.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="formatDefaultValues"><c>true</c> if default values (0, empty strings etc) should be formatted; <c>false</c> otherwise.</param>
+            /// <param name="typeRegistry">The <see cref="TypeRegistry"/> to use when formatting <see cref="Any"/> messages.</param>
+            public Settings(bool formatDefaultValues, TypeRegistry typeRegistry) : this(formatDefaultValues, typeRegistry, false)
+            {
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a new <see cref="Settings"/> object with the specified parameters.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="formatDefaultValues"><c>true</c> if default values (0, empty strings etc) should be formatted; <c>false</c> otherwise.</param>
+            /// <param name="typeRegistry">The <see cref="TypeRegistry"/> to use when formatting <see cref="Any"/> messages. TypeRegistry.Empty will be used if it is null.</param>
+            /// <param name="formatEnumsAsIntegers"><c>true</c> to format the enums as integers; <c>false</c> to format enums as enum names.</param>
+            private Settings(bool formatDefaultValues,
+                            TypeRegistry typeRegistry,
+                            bool formatEnumsAsIntegers)
+            {
+                FormatDefaultValues = formatDefaultValues;
+                TypeRegistry = typeRegistry ?? TypeRegistry.Empty;
+                FormatEnumsAsIntegers = formatEnumsAsIntegers;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a new <see cref="Settings"/> object with the specified formatting of default values and the current settings.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="formatDefaultValues"><c>true</c> if default values (0, empty strings etc) should be formatted; <c>false</c> otherwise.</param>
+            public Settings WithFormatDefaultValues(bool formatDefaultValues) => new Settings(formatDefaultValues, TypeRegistry, FormatEnumsAsIntegers);
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a new <see cref="Settings"/> object with the specified type registry and the current settings.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="typeRegistry">The <see cref="TypeRegistry"/> to use when formatting <see cref="Any"/> messages.</param>
+            public Settings WithTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry typeRegistry) => new Settings(FormatDefaultValues, typeRegistry, FormatEnumsAsIntegers);
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a new <see cref="Settings"/> object with the specified enums formatting option and the current settings.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="formatEnumsAsIntegers"><c>true</c> to format the enums as integers; <c>false</c> to format enums as enum names.</param>
+            public Settings WithFormatEnumsAsIntegers(bool formatEnumsAsIntegers) => new Settings(FormatDefaultValues, TypeRegistry, formatEnumsAsIntegers);
+        }
+
+        // Effectively a cache of mapping from enum values to the original name as specified in the proto file,
+        // fetched by reflection.
+        // The need for this is unfortunate, as is its unbounded size, but realistically it shouldn't cause issues.
+        private static class OriginalEnumValueHelper
+        {
+            // TODO: In the future we might want to use ConcurrentDictionary, at the point where all
+            // the platforms we target have it.
+            private static readonly Dictionary<System.Type, Dictionary<object, string>> dictionaries
+                = new Dictionary<System.Type, Dictionary<object, string>>();
+
+            internal static string GetOriginalName(object value)
+            {
+                var enumType = value.GetType();
+                Dictionary<object, string> nameMapping;
+                lock (dictionaries)
+                {
+                    if (!dictionaries.TryGetValue(enumType, out nameMapping))
+                    {
+                        nameMapping = GetNameMapping(enumType);
+                        dictionaries[enumType] = nameMapping;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                string originalName;
+                // If this returns false, originalName will be null, which is what we want.
+                nameMapping.TryGetValue(value, out originalName);
+                return originalName;
+            }
+
+#if NET35
+            // TODO: Consider adding functionality to TypeExtensions to avoid this difference.
+            private static Dictionary<object, string> GetNameMapping(System.Type enumType) =>
+                enumType.GetFields(BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static)
+                    .Where(f => (f.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(OriginalNameAttribute), false)
+                                 .FirstOrDefault() as OriginalNameAttribute)
+                                 ?.PreferredAlias ?? true)
+                    .ToDictionary(f => f.GetValue(null),
+                                  f => (f.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(OriginalNameAttribute), false)
+                                        .FirstOrDefault() as OriginalNameAttribute)
+                                        // If the attribute hasn't been applied, fall back to the name of the field.
+                                        ?.Name ?? f.Name);
+#else
+            private static Dictionary<object, string> GetNameMapping(System.Type enumType) =>
+                enumType.GetTypeInfo().DeclaredFields
+                    .Where(f => f.IsStatic)
+                    .Where(f => f.GetCustomAttributes<OriginalNameAttribute>()
+                                 .FirstOrDefault()?.PreferredAlias ?? true)
+                    .ToDictionary(f => f.GetValue(null),
+                                  f => f.GetCustomAttributes<OriginalNameAttribute>()
+                                        .FirstOrDefault()
+                                        // If the attribute hasn't been applied, fall back to the name of the field.
+                                        ?.Name ?? f.Name);
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonParser.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonParser.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb594f2a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonParser.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,1060 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Reflection-based converter from JSON to messages.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// <para>
+    /// Instances of this class are thread-safe, with no mutable state.
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>
+    /// This is a simple start to get JSON parsing working. As it's reflection-based,
+    /// it's not as quick as baking calls into generated messages - but is a simpler implementation.
+    /// (This code is generally not heavily optimized.)
+    /// </para>
+    /// </remarks>
+    public sealed class JsonParser
+    {
+        // Note: using 0-9 instead of \d to ensure no non-ASCII digits.
+        // This regex isn't a complete validator, but will remove *most* invalid input. We rely on parsing to do the rest.
+        private static readonly Regex TimestampRegex = new Regex(@"^(?<datetime>[0-9]{4}-[01][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]T[012][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9])(?<subseconds>\.[0-9]{1,9})?(?<offset>(Z|[+-][0-1][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]))$", FrameworkPortability.CompiledRegexWhereAvailable);
+        private static readonly Regex DurationRegex = new Regex(@"^(?<sign>-)?(?<int>[0-9]{1,12})(?<subseconds>\.[0-9]{1,9})?s$", FrameworkPortability.CompiledRegexWhereAvailable);
+        private static readonly int[] SubsecondScalingFactors = { 0, 100000000, 100000000, 10000000, 1000000, 100000, 10000, 1000, 100, 10, 1 };
+        private static readonly char[] FieldMaskPathSeparators = new[] { ',' };
+
+        private static readonly JsonParser defaultInstance = new JsonParser(Settings.Default);
+
+        // TODO: Consider introducing a class containing parse state of the parser, tokenizer and depth. That would simplify these handlers
+        // and the signatures of various methods.
+        private static readonly Dictionary<string, Action<JsonParser, IMessage, JsonTokenizer>>
+            WellKnownTypeHandlers = new Dictionary<string, Action<JsonParser, IMessage, JsonTokenizer>>
+        {
+            { Timestamp.Descriptor.FullName, (parser, message, tokenizer) => MergeTimestamp(message, tokenizer.Next()) },
+            { Duration.Descriptor.FullName, (parser, message, tokenizer) => MergeDuration(message, tokenizer.Next()) },
+            { Value.Descriptor.FullName, (parser, message, tokenizer) => parser.MergeStructValue(message, tokenizer) },
+            { ListValue.Descriptor.FullName, (parser, message, tokenizer) =>
+                parser.MergeRepeatedField(message, message.Descriptor.Fields[ListValue.ValuesFieldNumber], tokenizer) },
+            { Struct.Descriptor.FullName, (parser, message, tokenizer) => parser.MergeStruct(message, tokenizer) },
+            { Any.Descriptor.FullName, (parser, message, tokenizer) => parser.MergeAny(message, tokenizer) },
+            { FieldMask.Descriptor.FullName, (parser, message, tokenizer) => MergeFieldMask(message, tokenizer.Next()) },
+            { Int32Value.Descriptor.FullName, MergeWrapperField },
+            { Int64Value.Descriptor.FullName, MergeWrapperField },
+            { UInt32Value.Descriptor.FullName, MergeWrapperField },
+            { UInt64Value.Descriptor.FullName, MergeWrapperField },
+            { FloatValue.Descriptor.FullName, MergeWrapperField },
+            { DoubleValue.Descriptor.FullName, MergeWrapperField },
+            { BytesValue.Descriptor.FullName, MergeWrapperField },
+            { StringValue.Descriptor.FullName, MergeWrapperField },
+            { BoolValue.Descriptor.FullName, MergeWrapperField }
+        };
+
+        // Convenience method to avoid having to repeat the same code multiple times in the above
+        // dictionary initialization.
+        private static void MergeWrapperField(JsonParser parser, IMessage message, JsonTokenizer tokenizer)
+        {
+            parser.MergeField(message, message.Descriptor.Fields[WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber], tokenizer);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a formatter using the default settings.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static JsonParser Default { get { return defaultInstance; } }
+
+        private readonly Settings settings;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new formatted with the given settings.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="settings">The settings.</param>
+        public JsonParser(Settings settings)
+        {
+            this.settings = settings;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses <paramref name="json"/> and merges the information into the given message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to merge the JSON information into.</param>
+        /// <param name="json">The JSON to parse.</param>
+        internal void Merge(IMessage message, string json)
+        {
+            Merge(message, new StringReader(json));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses JSON read from <paramref name="jsonReader"/> and merges the information into the given message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to merge the JSON information into.</param>
+        /// <param name="jsonReader">Reader providing the JSON to parse.</param>
+        internal void Merge(IMessage message, TextReader jsonReader)
+        {
+            var tokenizer = JsonTokenizer.FromTextReader(jsonReader);
+            Merge(message, tokenizer);
+            var lastToken = tokenizer.Next();
+            if (lastToken != JsonToken.EndDocument)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Expected end of JSON after object");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges the given message using data from the given tokenizer. In most cases, the next
+        /// token should be a "start object" token, but wrapper types and nullity can invalidate
+        /// that assumption. This is implemented as an LL(1) recursive descent parser over the stream
+        /// of tokens provided by the tokenizer. This token stream is assumed to be valid JSON, with the
+        /// tokenizer performing that validation - but not every token stream is valid "protobuf JSON".
+        /// </summary>
+        private void Merge(IMessage message, JsonTokenizer tokenizer)
+        {
+            if (tokenizer.ObjectDepth > settings.RecursionLimit)
+            {
+                throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.JsonRecursionLimitExceeded();
+            }
+            if (message.Descriptor.IsWellKnownType)
+            {
+                Action<JsonParser, IMessage, JsonTokenizer> handler;
+                if (WellKnownTypeHandlers.TryGetValue(message.Descriptor.FullName, out handler))
+                {
+                    handler(this, message, tokenizer);
+                    return;
+                }
+                // Well-known types with no special handling continue in the normal way.
+            }
+            var token = tokenizer.Next();
+            if (token.Type != JsonToken.TokenType.StartObject)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Expected an object");
+            }
+            var descriptor = message.Descriptor;
+            var jsonFieldMap = descriptor.Fields.ByJsonName();
+            // All the oneof fields we've already accounted for - we can only see each of them once.
+            // The set is created lazily to avoid the overhead of creating a set for every message
+            // we parsed, when oneofs are relatively rare.
+            HashSet<OneofDescriptor> seenOneofs = null;
+            while (true)
+            {
+                token = tokenizer.Next();
+                if (token.Type == JsonToken.TokenType.EndObject)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (token.Type != JsonToken.TokenType.Name)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Unexpected token type " + token.Type);
+                }
+                string name = token.StringValue;
+                FieldDescriptor field;
+                if (jsonFieldMap.TryGetValue(name, out field))
+                {
+                    if (field.ContainingOneof != null)
+                    {
+                        if (seenOneofs == null)
+                        {
+                            seenOneofs = new HashSet<OneofDescriptor>();
+                        }
+                        if (!seenOneofs.Add(field.ContainingOneof))
+                        {
+                            throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Multiple values specified for oneof {field.ContainingOneof.Name}");
+                        }
+                    }
+                    MergeField(message, field, tokenizer);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (settings.IgnoreUnknownFields)
+                    {
+                        tokenizer.SkipValue();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Unknown field: " + name);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void MergeField(IMessage message, FieldDescriptor field, JsonTokenizer tokenizer)
+        {
+            var token = tokenizer.Next();
+            if (token.Type == JsonToken.TokenType.Null)
+            {
+                // Clear the field if we see a null token, unless it's for a singular field of type
+                // google.protobuf.Value.
+                // Note: different from Java API, which just ignores it.
+                // TODO: Bring it more in line? Discuss...
+                if (field.IsMap || field.IsRepeated || !IsGoogleProtobufValueField(field))
+                {
+                    field.Accessor.Clear(message);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            tokenizer.PushBack(token);
+
+            if (field.IsMap)
+            {
+                MergeMapField(message, field, tokenizer);
+            }
+            else if (field.IsRepeated)
+            {
+                MergeRepeatedField(message, field, tokenizer);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var value = ParseSingleValue(field, tokenizer);
+                field.Accessor.SetValue(message, value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void MergeRepeatedField(IMessage message, FieldDescriptor field, JsonTokenizer tokenizer)
+        {
+            var token = tokenizer.Next();
+            if (token.Type != JsonToken.TokenType.StartArray)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Repeated field value was not an array. Token type: " + token.Type);
+            }
+
+            IList list = (IList) field.Accessor.GetValue(message);
+            while (true)
+            {
+                token = tokenizer.Next();
+                if (token.Type == JsonToken.TokenType.EndArray)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+                tokenizer.PushBack(token);
+                object value = ParseSingleValue(field, tokenizer);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Repeated field elements cannot be null");
+                }
+                list.Add(value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void MergeMapField(IMessage message, FieldDescriptor field, JsonTokenizer tokenizer)
+        {
+            // Map fields are always objects, even if the values are well-known types: ParseSingleValue handles those.
+            var token = tokenizer.Next();
+            if (token.Type != JsonToken.TokenType.StartObject)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Expected an object to populate a map");
+            }
+
+            var type = field.MessageType;
+            var keyField = type.FindFieldByNumber(1);
+            var valueField = type.FindFieldByNumber(2);
+            if (keyField == null || valueField == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid map field: " + field.FullName);
+            }
+            IDictionary dictionary = (IDictionary) field.Accessor.GetValue(message);
+
+            while (true)
+            {
+                token = tokenizer.Next();
+                if (token.Type == JsonToken.TokenType.EndObject)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+                object key = ParseMapKey(keyField, token.StringValue);
+                object value = ParseSingleValue(valueField, tokenizer);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Map values must not be null");
+                }
+                dictionary[key] = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsGoogleProtobufValueField(FieldDescriptor field)
+        {
+            return field.FieldType == FieldType.Message &&
+                field.MessageType.FullName == Value.Descriptor.FullName;
+        }
+
+        private object ParseSingleValue(FieldDescriptor field, JsonTokenizer tokenizer)
+        {
+            var token = tokenizer.Next();
+            if (token.Type == JsonToken.TokenType.Null)
+            {
+                // TODO: In order to support dynamic messages, we should really build this up
+                // dynamically.
+                if (IsGoogleProtobufValueField(field))
+                {
+                    return Value.ForNull();
+                }
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var fieldType = field.FieldType;
+            if (fieldType == FieldType.Message)
+            {
+                // Parse wrapper types as their constituent types.
+                // TODO: What does this mean for null?
+                if (field.MessageType.IsWrapperType)
+                {
+                    field = field.MessageType.Fields[WrappersReflection.WrapperValueFieldNumber];
+                    fieldType = field.FieldType;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // TODO: Merge the current value in message? (Public API currently doesn't make this relevant as we don't expose merging.)
+                    tokenizer.PushBack(token);
+                    IMessage subMessage = NewMessageForField(field);
+                    Merge(subMessage, tokenizer);
+                    return subMessage;
+                }
+            }
+
+            switch (token.Type)
+            {
+                case JsonToken.TokenType.True:
+                case JsonToken.TokenType.False:
+                    if (fieldType == FieldType.Bool)
+                    {
+                        return token.Type == JsonToken.TokenType.True;
+                    }
+                    // Fall through to "we don't support this type for this case"; could duplicate the behaviour of the default
+                    // case instead, but this way we'd only need to change one place.
+                    goto default;
+                case JsonToken.TokenType.StringValue:
+                    return ParseSingleStringValue(field, token.StringValue);
+                // Note: not passing the number value itself here, as we may end up storing the string value in the token too.
+                case JsonToken.TokenType.Number:
+                    return ParseSingleNumberValue(field, token);
+                case JsonToken.TokenType.Null:
+                    throw new NotImplementedException("Haven't worked out what to do for null yet");
+                default:
+                    throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Unsupported JSON token type " + token.Type + " for field type " + fieldType);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses <paramref name="json"/> into a new message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of message to create.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="json">The JSON to parse.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidJsonException">The JSON does not comply with RFC 7159</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidProtocolBufferException">The JSON does not represent a Protocol Buffers message correctly</exception>
+        public T Parse<T>(string json) where T : IMessage, new()
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(json, nameof(json));
+            return Parse<T>(new StringReader(json));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses JSON read from <paramref name="jsonReader"/> into a new message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of message to create.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="jsonReader">Reader providing the JSON to parse.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidJsonException">The JSON does not comply with RFC 7159</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidProtocolBufferException">The JSON does not represent a Protocol Buffers message correctly</exception>
+        public T Parse<T>(TextReader jsonReader) where T : IMessage, new()
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(jsonReader, nameof(jsonReader));
+            T message = new T();
+            Merge(message, jsonReader);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses <paramref name="json"/> into a new message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="json">The JSON to parse.</param>
+        /// <param name="descriptor">Descriptor of message type to parse.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidJsonException">The JSON does not comply with RFC 7159</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidProtocolBufferException">The JSON does not represent a Protocol Buffers message correctly</exception>
+        public IMessage Parse(string json, MessageDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(json, nameof(json));
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(descriptor, nameof(descriptor));
+            return Parse(new StringReader(json), descriptor);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses JSON read from <paramref name="jsonReader"/> into a new message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="jsonReader">Reader providing the JSON to parse.</param>
+        /// <param name="descriptor">Descriptor of message type to parse.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidJsonException">The JSON does not comply with RFC 7159</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidProtocolBufferException">The JSON does not represent a Protocol Buffers message correctly</exception>
+        public IMessage Parse(TextReader jsonReader, MessageDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(jsonReader, nameof(jsonReader));
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(descriptor, nameof(descriptor));
+            IMessage message = descriptor.Parser.CreateTemplate();
+            Merge(message, jsonReader);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        private void MergeStructValue(IMessage message, JsonTokenizer tokenizer)
+        {
+            var firstToken = tokenizer.Next();
+            var fields = message.Descriptor.Fields;
+            switch (firstToken.Type)
+            {
+                case JsonToken.TokenType.Null:
+                    fields[Value.NullValueFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, 0);
+                    return;
+                case JsonToken.TokenType.StringValue:
+                    fields[Value.StringValueFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, firstToken.StringValue);
+                    return;
+                case JsonToken.TokenType.Number:
+                    fields[Value.NumberValueFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, firstToken.NumberValue);
+                    return;
+                case JsonToken.TokenType.False:
+                case JsonToken.TokenType.True:
+                    fields[Value.BoolValueFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, firstToken.Type == JsonToken.TokenType.True);
+                    return;
+                case JsonToken.TokenType.StartObject:
+                    {
+                        var field = fields[Value.StructValueFieldNumber];
+                        var structMessage = NewMessageForField(field);
+                        tokenizer.PushBack(firstToken);
+                        Merge(structMessage, tokenizer);
+                        field.Accessor.SetValue(message, structMessage);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                case JsonToken.TokenType.StartArray:
+                    {
+                        var field = fields[Value.ListValueFieldNumber];
+                        var list = NewMessageForField(field);
+                        tokenizer.PushBack(firstToken);
+                        Merge(list, tokenizer);
+                        field.Accessor.SetValue(message, list);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                default:
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Unexpected token type: " + firstToken.Type);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void MergeStruct(IMessage message, JsonTokenizer tokenizer)
+        {
+            var token = tokenizer.Next();
+            if (token.Type != JsonToken.TokenType.StartObject)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Expected object value for Struct");
+            }
+            tokenizer.PushBack(token);
+
+            var field = message.Descriptor.Fields[Struct.FieldsFieldNumber];
+            MergeMapField(message, field, tokenizer);
+        }
+
+        private void MergeAny(IMessage message, JsonTokenizer tokenizer)
+        {
+            // Record the token stream until we see the @type property. At that point, we can take the value, consult
+            // the type registry for the relevant message, and replay the stream, omitting the @type property.
+            var tokens = new List<JsonToken>();
+
+            var token = tokenizer.Next();
+            if (token.Type != JsonToken.TokenType.StartObject)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Expected object value for Any");
+            }
+            int typeUrlObjectDepth = tokenizer.ObjectDepth;
+
+            // The check for the property depth protects us from nested Any values which occur before the type URL
+            // for *this* Any.
+            while (token.Type != JsonToken.TokenType.Name ||
+                token.StringValue != JsonFormatter.AnyTypeUrlField ||
+                tokenizer.ObjectDepth != typeUrlObjectDepth)
+            {
+                tokens.Add(token);
+                token = tokenizer.Next();
+
+                if (tokenizer.ObjectDepth < typeUrlObjectDepth)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Any message with no @type");
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Don't add the @type property or its value to the recorded token list
+            token = tokenizer.Next();
+            if (token.Type != JsonToken.TokenType.StringValue)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Expected string value for Any.@type");
+            }
+            string typeUrl = token.StringValue;
+            string typeName = Any.GetTypeName(typeUrl);
+
+            MessageDescriptor descriptor = settings.TypeRegistry.Find(typeName);
+            if (descriptor == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Type registry has no descriptor for type name '{typeName}'");
+            }
+
+            // Now replay the token stream we've already read and anything that remains of the object, just parsing it
+            // as normal. Our original tokenizer should end up at the end of the object.
+            var replay = JsonTokenizer.FromReplayedTokens(tokens, tokenizer);
+            var body = descriptor.Parser.CreateTemplate();
+            if (descriptor.IsWellKnownType)
+            {
+                MergeWellKnownTypeAnyBody(body, replay);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Merge(body, replay);
+            }
+            var data = body.ToByteString();
+
+            // Now that we have the message data, we can pack it into an Any (the message received as a parameter).
+            message.Descriptor.Fields[Any.TypeUrlFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, typeUrl);
+            message.Descriptor.Fields[Any.ValueFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, data);
+        }
+
+        // Well-known types end up in a property called "value" in the JSON. As there's no longer a @type property
+        // in the given JSON token stream, we should *only* have tokens of start-object, name("value"), the value
+        // itself, and then end-object.
+        private void MergeWellKnownTypeAnyBody(IMessage body, JsonTokenizer tokenizer)
+        {
+            var token = tokenizer.Next(); // Definitely start-object; checked in previous method
+            token = tokenizer.Next();
+            // TODO: What about an absent Int32Value, for example?
+            if (token.Type != JsonToken.TokenType.Name || token.StringValue != JsonFormatter.AnyWellKnownTypeValueField)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Expected '{JsonFormatter.AnyWellKnownTypeValueField}' property for well-known type Any body");
+            }
+            Merge(body, tokenizer);
+            token = tokenizer.Next();
+            if (token.Type != JsonToken.TokenType.EndObject)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Expected end-object token after @type/value for well-known type");
+            }
+        }
+
+        #region Utility methods which don't depend on the state (or settings) of the parser.
+        private static object ParseMapKey(FieldDescriptor field, string keyText)
+        {
+            switch (field.FieldType)
+            {
+                case FieldType.Bool:
+                    if (keyText == "true")
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    if (keyText == "false")
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid string for bool map key: " + keyText);
+                case FieldType.String:
+                    return keyText;
+                case FieldType.Int32:
+                case FieldType.SInt32:
+                case FieldType.SFixed32:
+                    return ParseNumericString(keyText, int.Parse);
+                case FieldType.UInt32:
+                case FieldType.Fixed32:
+                    return ParseNumericString(keyText, uint.Parse);
+                case FieldType.Int64:
+                case FieldType.SInt64:
+                case FieldType.SFixed64:
+                    return ParseNumericString(keyText, long.Parse);
+                case FieldType.UInt64:
+                case FieldType.Fixed64:
+                    return ParseNumericString(keyText, ulong.Parse);
+                default:
+                    throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid field type for map: " + field.FieldType);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static object ParseSingleNumberValue(FieldDescriptor field, JsonToken token)
+        {
+            double value = token.NumberValue;
+            checked
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    switch (field.FieldType)
+                    {
+                        case FieldType.Int32:
+                        case FieldType.SInt32:
+                        case FieldType.SFixed32:
+                            CheckInteger(value);
+                            return (int) value;
+                        case FieldType.UInt32:
+                        case FieldType.Fixed32:
+                            CheckInteger(value);
+                            return (uint) value;
+                        case FieldType.Int64:
+                        case FieldType.SInt64:
+                        case FieldType.SFixed64:
+                            CheckInteger(value);
+                            return (long) value;
+                        case FieldType.UInt64:
+                        case FieldType.Fixed64:
+                            CheckInteger(value);
+                            return (ulong) value;
+                        case FieldType.Double:
+                            return value;
+                        case FieldType.Float:
+                            if (double.IsNaN(value))
+                            {
+                                return float.NaN;
+                            }
+                            if (value > float.MaxValue || value < float.MinValue)
+                            {
+                                if (double.IsPositiveInfinity(value))
+                                {
+                                    return float.PositiveInfinity;
+                                }
+                                if (double.IsNegativeInfinity(value))
+                                {
+                                    return float.NegativeInfinity;
+                                }
+                                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Value out of range: {value}");
+                            }
+                            return (float) value;
+                        case FieldType.Enum:
+                            CheckInteger(value);
+                            // Just return it as an int, and let the CLR convert it.
+                            // Note that we deliberately don't check that it's a known value.
+                            return (int) value;
+                        default:
+                            throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Unsupported conversion from JSON number for field type {field.FieldType}");
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (OverflowException)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Value out of range: {value}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void CheckInteger(double value)
+        {
+            if (double.IsInfinity(value) || double.IsNaN(value))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Value not an integer: {value}");
+            }
+            if (value != Math.Floor(value))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Value not an integer: {value}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static object ParseSingleStringValue(FieldDescriptor field, string text)
+        {
+            switch (field.FieldType)
+            {
+                case FieldType.String:
+                    return text;
+                case FieldType.Bytes:
+                    try
+                    {
+                        return ByteString.FromBase64(text);
+                    }
+                    catch (FormatException e)
+                    {
+                        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidBase64(e);
+                    }
+                case FieldType.Int32:
+                case FieldType.SInt32:
+                case FieldType.SFixed32:
+                    return ParseNumericString(text, int.Parse);
+                case FieldType.UInt32:
+                case FieldType.Fixed32:
+                    return ParseNumericString(text, uint.Parse);
+                case FieldType.Int64:
+                case FieldType.SInt64:
+                case FieldType.SFixed64:
+                    return ParseNumericString(text, long.Parse);
+                case FieldType.UInt64:
+                case FieldType.Fixed64:
+                    return ParseNumericString(text, ulong.Parse);
+                case FieldType.Double:
+                    double d = ParseNumericString(text, double.Parse);
+                    ValidateInfinityAndNan(text, double.IsPositiveInfinity(d), double.IsNegativeInfinity(d), double.IsNaN(d));
+                    return d;
+                case FieldType.Float:
+                    float f = ParseNumericString(text, float.Parse);
+                    ValidateInfinityAndNan(text, float.IsPositiveInfinity(f), float.IsNegativeInfinity(f), float.IsNaN(f));
+                    return f;
+                case FieldType.Enum:
+                    var enumValue = field.EnumType.FindValueByName(text);
+                    if (enumValue == null)
+                    {
+                        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Invalid enum value: {text} for enum type: {field.EnumType.FullName}");
+                    }
+                    // Just return it as an int, and let the CLR convert it.
+                    return enumValue.Number;
+                default:
+                    throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Unsupported conversion from JSON string for field type {field.FieldType}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new instance of the message type for the given field.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static IMessage NewMessageForField(FieldDescriptor field)
+        {
+            return field.MessageType.Parser.CreateTemplate();
+        }
+
+        private static T ParseNumericString<T>(string text, Func<string, NumberStyles, IFormatProvider, T> parser)
+        {
+            // Can't prohibit this with NumberStyles.
+            if (text.StartsWith("+"))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Invalid numeric value: {text}");
+            }
+            if (text.StartsWith("0") && text.Length > 1)
+            {
+                if (text[1] >= '0' && text[1] <= '9')
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Invalid numeric value: {text}");
+                }
+            }
+            else if (text.StartsWith("-0") && text.Length > 2)
+            {
+                if (text[2] >= '0' && text[2] <= '9')
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Invalid numeric value: {text}");
+                }
+            }
+            try
+            {
+                return parser(text, NumberStyles.AllowLeadingSign | NumberStyles.AllowDecimalPoint | NumberStyles.AllowExponent, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+            }
+            catch (FormatException)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Invalid numeric value for type: {text}");
+            }
+            catch (OverflowException)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Value out of range: {text}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks that any infinite/NaN values originated from the correct text.
+        /// This corrects the lenient whitespace handling of double.Parse/float.Parse, as well as the
+        /// way that Mono parses out-of-range values as infinity.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void ValidateInfinityAndNan(string text, bool isPositiveInfinity, bool isNegativeInfinity, bool isNaN)
+        {
+            if ((isPositiveInfinity && text != "Infinity") ||
+                (isNegativeInfinity && text != "-Infinity") ||
+                (isNaN && text != "NaN"))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Invalid numeric value: {text}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void MergeTimestamp(IMessage message, JsonToken token)
+        {
+            if (token.Type != JsonToken.TokenType.StringValue)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Expected string value for Timestamp");
+            }
+            var match = TimestampRegex.Match(token.StringValue);
+            if (!match.Success)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Invalid Timestamp value: {token.StringValue}");
+            }
+            var dateTime = match.Groups["datetime"].Value;
+            var subseconds = match.Groups["subseconds"].Value;
+            var offset = match.Groups["offset"].Value;
+
+            try
+            {
+                DateTime parsed = DateTime.ParseExact(
+                    dateTime,
+                    "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss",
+                    CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
+                    DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal | DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal);
+                // TODO: It would be nice not to have to create all these objects... easy to optimize later though.
+                Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.FromDateTime(parsed);
+                int nanosToAdd = 0;
+                if (subseconds != "")
+                {
+                    // This should always work, as we've got 1-9 digits.
+                    int parsedFraction = int.Parse(subseconds.Substring(1), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                    nanosToAdd = parsedFraction * SubsecondScalingFactors[subseconds.Length];
+                }
+                int secondsToAdd = 0;
+                if (offset != "Z")
+                {
+                    // This is the amount we need to *subtract* from the local time to get to UTC - hence - => +1 and vice versa.
+                    int sign = offset[0] == '-' ? 1 : -1;
+                    int hours = int.Parse(offset.Substring(1, 2), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                    int minutes = int.Parse(offset.Substring(4, 2));
+                    int totalMinutes = hours * 60 + minutes;
+                    if (totalMinutes > 18 * 60)
+                    {
+                        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid Timestamp value: " + token.StringValue);
+                    }
+                    if (totalMinutes == 0 && sign == 1)
+                    {
+                        // This is an offset of -00:00, which means "unknown local offset". It makes no sense for a timestamp.
+                        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid Timestamp value: " + token.StringValue);
+                    }
+                    // We need to *subtract* the offset from local time to get UTC.
+                    secondsToAdd = sign * totalMinutes * 60;
+                }
+                // Ensure we've got the right signs. Currently unnecessary, but easy to do.
+                if (secondsToAdd < 0 && nanosToAdd > 0)
+                {
+                    secondsToAdd++;
+                    nanosToAdd = nanosToAdd - Duration.NanosecondsPerSecond;
+                }
+                if (secondsToAdd != 0 || nanosToAdd != 0)
+                {
+                    timestamp += new Duration { Nanos = nanosToAdd, Seconds = secondsToAdd };
+                    // The resulting timestamp after offset change would be out of our expected range. Currently the Timestamp message doesn't validate this
+                    // anywhere, but we shouldn't parse it.
+                    if (timestamp.Seconds < Timestamp.UnixSecondsAtBclMinValue || timestamp.Seconds > Timestamp.UnixSecondsAtBclMaxValue)
+                    {
+                        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid Timestamp value: " + token.StringValue);
+                    }
+                }
+                message.Descriptor.Fields[Timestamp.SecondsFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, timestamp.Seconds);
+                message.Descriptor.Fields[Timestamp.NanosFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, timestamp.Nanos);
+            }
+            catch (FormatException)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid Timestamp value: " + token.StringValue);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void MergeDuration(IMessage message, JsonToken token)
+        {
+            if (token.Type != JsonToken.TokenType.StringValue)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Expected string value for Duration");
+            }
+            var match = DurationRegex.Match(token.StringValue);
+            if (!match.Success)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid Duration value: " + token.StringValue);
+            }
+            var sign = match.Groups["sign"].Value;
+            var secondsText = match.Groups["int"].Value;
+            // Prohibit leading insignficant zeroes
+            if (secondsText[0] == '0' && secondsText.Length > 1)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid Duration value: " + token.StringValue);
+            }
+            var subseconds = match.Groups["subseconds"].Value;
+            var multiplier = sign == "-" ? -1 : 1;
+
+            try
+            {
+                long seconds = long.Parse(secondsText, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) * multiplier;
+                int nanos = 0;
+                if (subseconds != "")
+                {
+                    // This should always work, as we've got 1-9 digits.
+                    int parsedFraction = int.Parse(subseconds.Substring(1));
+                    nanos = parsedFraction * SubsecondScalingFactors[subseconds.Length] * multiplier;
+                }
+                if (!Duration.IsNormalized(seconds, nanos))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Invalid Duration value: {token.StringValue}");
+                }
+                message.Descriptor.Fields[Duration.SecondsFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, seconds);
+                message.Descriptor.Fields[Duration.NanosFieldNumber].Accessor.SetValue(message, nanos);
+            }
+            catch (FormatException)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Invalid Duration value: {token.StringValue}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void MergeFieldMask(IMessage message, JsonToken token)
+        {
+            if (token.Type != JsonToken.TokenType.StringValue)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Expected string value for FieldMask");
+            }
+            // TODO: Do we *want* to remove empty entries? Probably okay to treat "" as "no paths", but "foo,,bar"?
+            string[] jsonPaths = token.StringValue.Split(FieldMaskPathSeparators, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
+            IList messagePaths = (IList) message.Descriptor.Fields[FieldMask.PathsFieldNumber].Accessor.GetValue(message);
+            foreach (var path in jsonPaths)
+            {
+                messagePaths.Add(ToSnakeCase(path));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Ported from src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.cc
+        private static string ToSnakeCase(string text)
+        {
+            var builder = new StringBuilder(text.Length * 2);
+            // Note: this is probably unnecessary now, but currently retained to be as close as possible to the
+            // C++, whilst still throwing an exception on underscores.
+            bool wasNotUnderscore = false;  // Initialize to false for case 1 (below)
+            bool wasNotCap = false;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < text.Length; i++)
+            {
+                char c = text[i];
+                if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') // ascii_isupper
+                {
+                    // Consider when the current character B is capitalized:
+                    // 1) At beginning of input:   "B..." => "b..."
+                    //    (e.g. "Biscuit" => "biscuit")
+                    // 2) Following a lowercase:   "...aB..." => "...a_b..."
+                    //    (e.g. "gBike" => "g_bike")
+                    // 3) At the end of input:     "...AB" => "...ab"
+                    //    (e.g. "GoogleLAB" => "google_lab")
+                    // 4) Followed by a lowercase: "...ABc..." => "...a_bc..."
+                    //    (e.g. "GBike" => "g_bike")
+                    if (wasNotUnderscore &&               //            case 1 out
+                        (wasNotCap ||                     // case 2 in, case 3 out
+                         (i + 1 < text.Length &&         //            case 3 out
+                          (text[i + 1] >= 'a' && text[i + 1] <= 'z')))) // ascii_islower(text[i + 1])
+                    {  // case 4 in
+                       // We add an underscore for case 2 and case 4.
+                        builder.Append('_');
+                    }
+                    // ascii_tolower, but we already know that c *is* an upper case ASCII character...
+                    builder.Append((char) (c + 'a' - 'A'));
+                    wasNotUnderscore = true;
+                    wasNotCap = false;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    builder.Append(c);
+                    if (c == '_')
+                    {
+                        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Invalid field mask: {text}");
+                    }
+                    wasNotUnderscore = true;
+                    wasNotCap = true;
+                }
+            }
+            return builder.ToString();
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Settings controlling JSON parsing.
+        /// </summary>
+        public sealed class Settings
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Default settings, as used by <see cref="JsonParser.Default"/>. This has the same default
+            /// recursion limit as <see cref="CodedInputStream"/>, and an empty type registry.
+            /// </summary>
+            public static Settings Default { get; }
+
+            // Workaround for the Mono compiler complaining about XML comments not being on
+            // valid language elements.
+            static Settings()
+            {
+                Default = new Settings(CodedInputStream.DefaultRecursionLimit);
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The maximum depth of messages to parse. Note that this limit only applies to parsing
+            /// messages, not collections - so a message within a collection within a message only counts as
+            /// depth 2, not 3.
+            /// </summary>
+            public int RecursionLimit { get; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The type registry used to parse <see cref="Any"/> messages.
+            /// </summary>
+            public TypeRegistry TypeRegistry { get; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Whether the parser should ignore unknown fields (<c>true</c>) or throw an exception when
+            /// they are encountered (<c>false</c>).
+            /// </summary>
+            public bool IgnoreUnknownFields { get; }
+
+            private Settings(int recursionLimit, TypeRegistry typeRegistry, bool ignoreUnknownFields)
+            {
+                RecursionLimit = recursionLimit;
+                TypeRegistry = ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(typeRegistry, nameof(typeRegistry));
+                IgnoreUnknownFields = ignoreUnknownFields;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a new <see cref="Settings"/> object with the specified recursion limit.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="recursionLimit">The maximum depth of messages to parse</param>
+            public Settings(int recursionLimit) : this(recursionLimit, TypeRegistry.Empty)
+            {
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a new <see cref="Settings"/> object with the specified recursion limit and type registry.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="recursionLimit">The maximum depth of messages to parse</param>
+            /// <param name="typeRegistry">The type registry used to parse <see cref="Any"/> messages</param>
+            public Settings(int recursionLimit, TypeRegistry typeRegistry) : this(recursionLimit, typeRegistry, false)
+            {
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a new <see cref="Settings"/> object set to either ignore unknown fields, or throw an exception
+            /// when unknown fields are encountered.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="ignoreUnknownFields"><c>true</c> if unknown fields should be ignored when parsing; <c>false</c> to throw an exception.</param>
+            public Settings WithIgnoreUnknownFields(bool ignoreUnknownFields) =>
+                new Settings(RecursionLimit, TypeRegistry, ignoreUnknownFields);
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a new <see cref="Settings"/> object based on this one, but with the specified recursion limit.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="recursionLimit">The new recursion limit.</param>
+            public Settings WithRecursionLimit(int recursionLimit) =>
+                new Settings(recursionLimit, TypeRegistry, IgnoreUnknownFields);
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a new <see cref="Settings"/> object based on this one, but with the specified type registry.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="typeRegistry">The new type registry. Must not be null.</param>
+            public Settings WithTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry typeRegistry) =>
+                new Settings(
+                    RecursionLimit,
+                    ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(typeRegistry, nameof(typeRegistry)),
+                    IgnoreUnknownFields);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonToken.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonToken.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c0138ccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonToken.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    internal sealed class JsonToken : IEquatable<JsonToken>
+    {
+        // Tokens with no value can be reused.
+        private static readonly JsonToken _true = new JsonToken(TokenType.True);
+        private static readonly JsonToken _false = new JsonToken(TokenType.False);
+        private static readonly JsonToken _null = new JsonToken(TokenType.Null);
+        private static readonly JsonToken startObject = new JsonToken(TokenType.StartObject);
+        private static readonly JsonToken endObject = new JsonToken(TokenType.EndObject);
+        private static readonly JsonToken startArray = new JsonToken(TokenType.StartArray);
+        private static readonly JsonToken endArray = new JsonToken(TokenType.EndArray);
+        private static readonly JsonToken endDocument = new JsonToken(TokenType.EndDocument);
+
+        internal static JsonToken Null { get { return _null; } }
+        internal static JsonToken False { get { return _false; } }
+        internal static JsonToken True { get { return _true; } }
+        internal static JsonToken StartObject{ get { return startObject; } }
+        internal static JsonToken EndObject { get { return endObject; } }
+        internal static JsonToken StartArray { get { return startArray; } }
+        internal static JsonToken EndArray { get { return endArray; } }
+        internal static JsonToken EndDocument { get { return endDocument; } }
+
+        internal static JsonToken Name(string name)
+        {
+            return new JsonToken(TokenType.Name, stringValue: name);
+        }
+
+        internal static JsonToken Value(string value)
+        {
+            return new JsonToken(TokenType.StringValue, stringValue: value);
+        }
+
+        internal static JsonToken Value(double value)
+        {
+            return new JsonToken(TokenType.Number, numberValue: value);
+        }
+
+        internal enum TokenType
+        {
+            Null,
+            False,
+            True,
+            StringValue,
+            Number,
+            Name,
+            StartObject,
+            EndObject,
+            StartArray,
+            EndArray,
+            EndDocument
+        }
+
+        // A value is a string, number, array, object, null, true or false
+        // Arrays and objects have start/end
+        // A document consists of a value
+        // Objects are name/value sequences.
+
+        private readonly TokenType type;
+        private readonly string stringValue;
+        private readonly double numberValue;
+
+        internal TokenType Type { get { return type; } }
+        internal string StringValue { get { return stringValue; } }
+        internal double NumberValue { get { return numberValue; } }
+
+        private JsonToken(TokenType type, string stringValue = null, double numberValue = 0)
+        {
+            this.type = type;
+            this.stringValue = stringValue;
+            this.numberValue = numberValue;
+        }
+
+        public override bool Equals(object obj)
+        {
+            return Equals(obj as JsonToken);
+        }
+
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            unchecked
+            {
+                int hash = 17;
+                hash = hash * 31 + (int) type;
+                hash = hash * 31 + stringValue == null ? 0 : stringValue.GetHashCode();
+                hash = hash * 31 + numberValue.GetHashCode();
+                return hash;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            switch (type)
+            {
+                case TokenType.Null:
+                    return "null";
+                case TokenType.True:
+                    return "true";
+                case TokenType.False:
+                    return "false";
+                case TokenType.Name:
+                    return "name (" + stringValue + ")";
+                case TokenType.StringValue:
+                    return "value (" + stringValue + ")";
+                case TokenType.Number:
+                    return "number (" + numberValue + ")";
+                case TokenType.StartObject:
+                    return "start-object";
+                case TokenType.EndObject:
+                    return "end-object";
+                case TokenType.StartArray:
+                    return "start-array";
+                case TokenType.EndArray:
+                    return "end-array";
+                case TokenType.EndDocument:
+                    return "end-document";
+                default:
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Token is of unknown type " + type);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool Equals(JsonToken other)
+        {
+            if (ReferenceEquals(other, null))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            // Note use of other.numberValue.Equals rather than ==, so that NaN compares appropriately.
+            return other.type == type && other.stringValue == stringValue && other.numberValue.Equals(numberValue);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonTokenizer.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonTokenizer.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4725e7cc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/JsonTokenizer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,766 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Simple but strict JSON tokenizer, rigidly following RFC 7159.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// <para>
+    /// This tokenizer is stateful, and only returns "useful" tokens - names, values etc.
+    /// It does not create tokens for the separator between names and values, or for the comma
+    /// between values. It validates the token stream as it goes - so callers can assume that the
+    /// tokens it produces are appropriate. For example, it would never produce "start object, end array."
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>Implementation details: the base class handles single token push-back and </para>
+    /// <para>Not thread-safe.</para>
+    /// </remarks>
+    internal abstract class JsonTokenizer
+    {
+        private JsonToken bufferedToken;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///  Creates a tokenizer that reads from the given text reader.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static JsonTokenizer FromTextReader(TextReader reader)
+        {
+            return new JsonTextTokenizer(reader);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a tokenizer that first replays the given list of tokens, then continues reading
+        /// from another tokenizer. Note that if the returned tokenizer is "pushed back", that does not push back
+        /// on the continuation tokenizer, or vice versa. Care should be taken when using this method - it was
+        /// created for the sake of Any parsing.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static JsonTokenizer FromReplayedTokens(IList<JsonToken> tokens, JsonTokenizer continuation)
+        {
+            return new JsonReplayTokenizer(tokens, continuation);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the depth of the stack, purely in objects (not collections).
+        /// Informally, this is the number of remaining unclosed '{' characters we have.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal int ObjectDepth { get; private set; }
+
+        // TODO: Why do we allow a different token to be pushed back? It might be better to always remember the previous
+        // token returned, and allow a parameterless Rewind() method (which could only be called once, just like the current PushBack).
+        internal void PushBack(JsonToken token)
+        {
+            if (bufferedToken != null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Can't push back twice");
+            }
+            bufferedToken = token;
+            if (token.Type == JsonToken.TokenType.StartObject)
+            {
+                ObjectDepth--;
+            }
+            else if (token.Type == JsonToken.TokenType.EndObject)
+            {
+                ObjectDepth++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the next JSON token in the stream. An EndDocument token is returned to indicate the end of the stream,
+        /// after which point <c>Next()</c> should not be called again.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>This implementation provides single-token buffering, and calls <see cref="NextImpl"/> if there is no buffered token.</remarks>
+        /// <returns>The next token in the stream. This is never null.</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">This method is called after an EndDocument token has been returned</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidJsonException">The input text does not comply with RFC 7159</exception>
+        internal JsonToken Next()
+        {
+            JsonToken tokenToReturn;
+            if (bufferedToken != null)
+            {
+                tokenToReturn = bufferedToken;
+                bufferedToken = null;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                tokenToReturn = NextImpl();
+            }
+            if (tokenToReturn.Type == JsonToken.TokenType.StartObject)
+            {
+                ObjectDepth++;
+            }
+            else if (tokenToReturn.Type == JsonToken.TokenType.EndObject)
+            {
+                ObjectDepth--;
+            }
+            return tokenToReturn;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the next JSON token in the stream, when requested by the base class. (The <see cref="Next"/> method delegates
+        /// to this if it doesn't have a buffered token.)
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">This method is called after an EndDocument token has been returned</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidJsonException">The input text does not comply with RFC 7159</exception>
+        protected abstract JsonToken NextImpl();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Skips the value we're about to read. This must only be called immediately after reading a property name.
+        /// If the value is an object or an array, the complete object/array is skipped.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal void SkipValue()
+        {
+            // We'll assume that Next() makes sure that the end objects and end arrays are all valid.
+            // All we care about is the total nesting depth we need to close.
+            int depth = 0;
+
+            // do/while rather than while loop so that we read at least one token.
+            do
+            {
+                var token = Next();
+                switch (token.Type)
+                {
+                    case JsonToken.TokenType.EndArray:
+                    case JsonToken.TokenType.EndObject:
+                        depth--;
+                        break;
+                    case JsonToken.TokenType.StartArray:
+                    case JsonToken.TokenType.StartObject:
+                        depth++;
+                        break;
+                }
+            } while (depth != 0);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tokenizer which first exhausts a list of tokens, then consults another tokenizer.
+        /// </summary>
+        private class JsonReplayTokenizer : JsonTokenizer
+        {
+            private readonly IList<JsonToken> tokens;
+            private readonly JsonTokenizer nextTokenizer;
+            private int nextTokenIndex;
+
+            internal JsonReplayTokenizer(IList<JsonToken> tokens, JsonTokenizer nextTokenizer)
+            {
+                this.tokens = tokens;
+                this.nextTokenizer = nextTokenizer;
+            }
+
+            // FIXME: Object depth not maintained...
+            protected override JsonToken NextImpl()
+            {
+                if (nextTokenIndex >= tokens.Count)
+                {
+                    return nextTokenizer.Next();
+                }
+                return tokens[nextTokenIndex++];
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tokenizer which does all the *real* work of parsing JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        private sealed class JsonTextTokenizer : JsonTokenizer
+        {
+            // The set of states in which a value is valid next token.
+            private static readonly State ValueStates = State.ArrayStart | State.ArrayAfterComma | State.ObjectAfterColon | State.StartOfDocument;
+
+            private readonly Stack<ContainerType> containerStack = new Stack<ContainerType>();
+            private readonly PushBackReader reader;
+            private State state;
+
+            internal JsonTextTokenizer(TextReader reader)
+            {
+                this.reader = new PushBackReader(reader);
+                state = State.StartOfDocument;
+                containerStack.Push(ContainerType.Document);
+            }
+
+            /// <remarks>
+            /// This method essentially just loops through characters skipping whitespace, validating and
+            /// changing state (e.g. from ObjectBeforeColon to ObjectAfterColon)
+            /// until it reaches something which will be a genuine token (e.g. a start object, or a value) at which point
+            /// it returns the token. Although the method is large, it would be relatively hard to break down further... most
+            /// of it is the large switch statement, which sometimes returns and sometimes doesn't.
+            /// </remarks>
+            protected override JsonToken NextImpl()
+            {
+                if (state == State.ReaderExhausted)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Next() called after end of document");
+                }
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    var next = reader.Read();
+                    if (next == null)
+                    {
+                        ValidateState(State.ExpectedEndOfDocument, "Unexpected end of document in state: ");
+                        state = State.ReaderExhausted;
+                        return JsonToken.EndDocument;
+                    }
+                    switch (next.Value)
+                    {
+                        // Skip whitespace between tokens
+                        case ' ':
+                        case '\t':
+                        case '\r':
+                        case '\n':
+                            break;
+                        case ':':
+                            ValidateState(State.ObjectBeforeColon, "Invalid state to read a colon: ");
+                            state = State.ObjectAfterColon;
+                            break;
+                        case ',':
+                            ValidateState(State.ObjectAfterProperty | State.ArrayAfterValue, "Invalid state to read a comma: ");
+                            state = state == State.ObjectAfterProperty ? State.ObjectAfterComma : State.ArrayAfterComma;
+                            break;
+                        case '"':
+                            string stringValue = ReadString();
+                            if ((state & (State.ObjectStart | State.ObjectAfterComma)) != 0)
+                            {
+                                state = State.ObjectBeforeColon;
+                                return JsonToken.Name(stringValue);
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                ValidateAndModifyStateForValue("Invalid state to read a double quote: ");
+                                return JsonToken.Value(stringValue);
+                            }
+                        case '{':
+                            ValidateState(ValueStates, "Invalid state to read an open brace: ");
+                            state = State.ObjectStart;
+                            containerStack.Push(ContainerType.Object);
+                            return JsonToken.StartObject;
+                        case '}':
+                            ValidateState(State.ObjectAfterProperty | State.ObjectStart, "Invalid state to read a close brace: ");
+                            PopContainer();
+                            return JsonToken.EndObject;
+                        case '[':
+                            ValidateState(ValueStates, "Invalid state to read an open square bracket: ");
+                            state = State.ArrayStart;
+                            containerStack.Push(ContainerType.Array);
+                            return JsonToken.StartArray;
+                        case ']':
+                            ValidateState(State.ArrayAfterValue | State.ArrayStart, "Invalid state to read a close square bracket: ");
+                            PopContainer();
+                            return JsonToken.EndArray;
+                        case 'n': // Start of null
+                            ConsumeLiteral("null");
+                            ValidateAndModifyStateForValue("Invalid state to read a null literal: ");
+                            return JsonToken.Null;
+                        case 't': // Start of true
+                            ConsumeLiteral("true");
+                            ValidateAndModifyStateForValue("Invalid state to read a true literal: ");
+                            return JsonToken.True;
+                        case 'f': // Start of false
+                            ConsumeLiteral("false");
+                            ValidateAndModifyStateForValue("Invalid state to read a false literal: ");
+                            return JsonToken.False;
+                        case '-': // Start of a number
+                        case '0':
+                        case '1':
+                        case '2':
+                        case '3':
+                        case '4':
+                        case '5':
+                        case '6':
+                        case '7':
+                        case '8':
+                        case '9':
+                            double number = ReadNumber(next.Value);
+                            ValidateAndModifyStateForValue("Invalid state to read a number token: ");
+                            return JsonToken.Value(number);
+                        default:
+                            throw new InvalidJsonException("Invalid first character of token: " + next.Value);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            private void ValidateState(State validStates, string errorPrefix)
+            {
+                if ((validStates & state) == 0)
+                {
+                    throw reader.CreateException(errorPrefix + state);
+                }
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Reads a string token. It is assumed that the opening " has already been read.
+            /// </summary>
+            private string ReadString()
+            {
+                var value = new StringBuilder();
+                bool haveHighSurrogate = false;
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    char c = reader.ReadOrFail("Unexpected end of text while reading string");
+                    if (c < ' ')
+                    {
+                        throw reader.CreateException(string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "Invalid character in string literal: U+{0:x4}", (int) c));
+                    }
+                    if (c == '"')
+                    {
+                        if (haveHighSurrogate)
+                        {
+                            throw reader.CreateException("Invalid use of surrogate pair code units");
+                        }
+                        return value.ToString();
+                    }
+                    if (c == '\\')
+                    {
+                        c = ReadEscapedCharacter();
+                    }
+                    // TODO: Consider only allowing surrogate pairs that are either both escaped,
+                    // or both not escaped. It would be a very odd text stream that contained a "lone" high surrogate
+                    // followed by an escaped low surrogate or vice versa... and that couldn't even be represented in UTF-8.
+                    if (haveHighSurrogate != char.IsLowSurrogate(c))
+                    {
+                        throw reader.CreateException("Invalid use of surrogate pair code units");
+                    }
+                    haveHighSurrogate = char.IsHighSurrogate(c);
+                    value.Append(c);
+                }
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Reads an escaped character. It is assumed that the leading backslash has already been read.
+            /// </summary>
+            private char ReadEscapedCharacter()
+            {
+                char c = reader.ReadOrFail("Unexpected end of text while reading character escape sequence");
+                switch (c)
+                {
+                    case 'n':
+                        return '\n';
+                    case '\\':
+                        return '\\';
+                    case 'b':
+                        return '\b';
+                    case 'f':
+                        return '\f';
+                    case 'r':
+                        return '\r';
+                    case 't':
+                        return '\t';
+                    case '"':
+                        return '"';
+                    case '/':
+                        return '/';
+                    case 'u':
+                        return ReadUnicodeEscape();
+                    default:
+                        throw reader.CreateException(string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "Invalid character in character escape sequence: U+{0:x4}", (int) c));
+                }
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Reads an escaped Unicode 4-nybble hex sequence. It is assumed that the leading \u has already been read.
+            /// </summary>
+            private char ReadUnicodeEscape()
+            {
+                int result = 0;
+                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+                {
+                    char c = reader.ReadOrFail("Unexpected end of text while reading Unicode escape sequence");
+                    int nybble;
+                    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+                    {
+                        nybble = c - '0';
+                    }
+                    else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+                    {
+                        nybble = c - 'a' + 10;
+                    }
+                    else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
+                    {
+                        nybble = c - 'A' + 10;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        throw reader.CreateException(string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "Invalid character in character escape sequence: U+{0:x4}", (int) c));
+                    }
+                    result = (result << 4) + nybble;
+                }
+                return (char) result;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Consumes a text-only literal, throwing an exception if the read text doesn't match it.
+            /// It is assumed that the first letter of the literal has already been read.
+            /// </summary>
+            private void ConsumeLiteral(string text)
+            {
+                for (int i = 1; i < text.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    char? next = reader.Read();
+                    if (next == null)
+                    {
+                        throw reader.CreateException("Unexpected end of text while reading literal token " + text);
+                    }
+                    if (next.Value != text[i])
+                    {
+                        throw reader.CreateException("Unexpected character while reading literal token " + text);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            private double ReadNumber(char initialCharacter)
+            {
+                StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+                if (initialCharacter == '-')
+                {
+                    builder.Append("-");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    reader.PushBack(initialCharacter);
+                }
+                // Each method returns the character it read that doesn't belong in that part,
+                // so we know what to do next, including pushing the character back at the end.
+                // null is returned for "end of text".
+                char? next = ReadInt(builder);
+                if (next == '.')
+                {
+                    next = ReadFrac(builder);
+                }
+                if (next == 'e' || next == 'E')
+                {
+                    next = ReadExp(builder);
+                }
+                // If we read a character which wasn't part of the number, push it back so we can read it again
+                // to parse the next token.
+                if (next != null)
+                {
+                    reader.PushBack(next.Value);
+                }
+
+                // TODO: What exception should we throw if the value can't be represented as a double?
+                try
+                {
+                    return double.Parse(builder.ToString(),
+                        NumberStyles.AllowLeadingSign | NumberStyles.AllowDecimalPoint | NumberStyles.AllowExponent,
+                        CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                }
+                catch (OverflowException)
+                {
+                    throw reader.CreateException("Numeric value out of range: " + builder);
+                }
+            }
+
+            private char? ReadInt(StringBuilder builder)
+            {
+                char first = reader.ReadOrFail("Invalid numeric literal");
+                if (first < '0' || first > '9')
+                {
+                    throw reader.CreateException("Invalid numeric literal");
+                }
+                builder.Append(first);
+                int digitCount;
+                char? next = ConsumeDigits(builder, out digitCount);
+                if (first == '0' && digitCount != 0)
+                {
+                    throw reader.CreateException("Invalid numeric literal: leading 0 for non-zero value.");
+                }
+                return next;
+            }
+
+            private char? ReadFrac(StringBuilder builder)
+            {
+                builder.Append('.'); // Already consumed this
+                int digitCount;
+                char? next = ConsumeDigits(builder, out digitCount);
+                if (digitCount == 0)
+                {
+                    throw reader.CreateException("Invalid numeric literal: fraction with no trailing digits");
+                }
+                return next;
+            }
+
+            private char? ReadExp(StringBuilder builder)
+            {
+                builder.Append('E'); // Already consumed this (or 'e')
+                char? next = reader.Read();
+                if (next == null)
+                {
+                    throw reader.CreateException("Invalid numeric literal: exponent with no trailing digits");
+                }
+                if (next == '-' || next == '+')
+                {
+                    builder.Append(next.Value);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    reader.PushBack(next.Value);
+                }
+                int digitCount;
+                next = ConsumeDigits(builder, out digitCount);
+                if (digitCount == 0)
+                {
+                    throw reader.CreateException("Invalid numeric literal: exponent without value");
+                }
+                return next;
+            }
+
+            private char? ConsumeDigits(StringBuilder builder, out int count)
+            {
+                count = 0;
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    char? next = reader.Read();
+                    if (next == null || next.Value < '0' || next.Value > '9')
+                    {
+                        return next;
+                    }
+                    count++;
+                    builder.Append(next.Value);
+                }
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Validates that we're in a valid state to read a value (using the given error prefix if necessary)
+            /// and changes the state to the appropriate one, e.g. ObjectAfterColon to ObjectAfterProperty.
+            /// </summary>
+            private void ValidateAndModifyStateForValue(string errorPrefix)
+            {
+                ValidateState(ValueStates, errorPrefix);
+                switch (state)
+                {
+                    case State.StartOfDocument:
+                        state = State.ExpectedEndOfDocument;
+                        return;
+                    case State.ObjectAfterColon:
+                        state = State.ObjectAfterProperty;
+                        return;
+                    case State.ArrayStart:
+                    case State.ArrayAfterComma:
+                        state = State.ArrayAfterValue;
+                        return;
+                    default:
+                        throw new InvalidOperationException("ValidateAndModifyStateForValue does not handle all value states (and should)");
+                }
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Pops the top-most container, and sets the state to the appropriate one for the end of a value
+            /// in the parent container.
+            /// </summary>
+            private void PopContainer()
+            {
+                containerStack.Pop();
+                var parent = containerStack.Peek();
+                switch (parent)
+                {
+                    case ContainerType.Object:
+                        state = State.ObjectAfterProperty;
+                        break;
+                    case ContainerType.Array:
+                        state = State.ArrayAfterValue;
+                        break;
+                    case ContainerType.Document:
+                        state = State.ExpectedEndOfDocument;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        throw new InvalidOperationException("Unexpected container type: " + parent);
+                }
+            }
+
+            private enum ContainerType
+            {
+                Document, Object, Array
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Possible states of the tokenizer.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <remarks>
+            /// <para>This is a flags enum purely so we can simply and efficiently represent a set of valid states
+            /// for checking.</para>
+            /// <para>
+            /// Each is documented with an example,
+            /// where ^ represents the current position within the text stream. The examples all use string values,
+            /// but could be any value, including nested objects/arrays.
+            /// The complete state of the tokenizer also includes a stack to indicate the contexts (arrays/objects).
+            /// Any additional notional state of "AfterValue" indicates that a value has been completed, at which
+            /// point there's an immediate transition to ExpectedEndOfDocument,  ObjectAfterProperty or ArrayAfterValue.
+            /// </para>
+            /// <para>
+            /// These states were derived manually by reading RFC 7159 carefully.
+            /// </para>
+            /// </remarks>
+            [Flags]
+            private enum State
+            {
+                /// <summary>
+                /// ^ { "foo": "bar" }
+                /// Before the value in a document. Next states: ObjectStart, ArrayStart, "AfterValue"
+                /// </summary>
+                StartOfDocument = 1 << 0,
+                /// <summary>
+                /// { "foo": "bar" } ^
+                /// After the value in a document. Next states: ReaderExhausted
+                /// </summary>
+                ExpectedEndOfDocument = 1 << 1,
+                /// <summary>
+                /// { "foo": "bar" } ^ (and already read to the end of the reader)
+                /// Terminal state.
+                /// </summary>
+                ReaderExhausted = 1 << 2,
+                /// <summary>
+                /// { ^ "foo": "bar" }
+                /// Before the *first* property in an object.
+                /// Next states:
+                /// "AfterValue" (empty object)
+                /// ObjectBeforeColon (read a name)
+                /// </summary>
+                ObjectStart = 1 << 3,
+                /// <summary>
+                /// { "foo" ^ : "bar", "x": "y" }
+                /// Next state: ObjectAfterColon
+                /// </summary>
+                ObjectBeforeColon = 1 << 4,
+                /// <summary>
+                /// { "foo" : ^ "bar", "x": "y" }
+                /// Before any property other than the first in an object.
+                /// (Equivalently: after any property in an object)
+                /// Next states:
+                /// "AfterValue" (value is simple)
+                /// ObjectStart (value is object)
+                /// ArrayStart (value is array)
+                /// </summary>
+                ObjectAfterColon = 1 << 5,
+                /// <summary>
+                /// { "foo" : "bar" ^ , "x" : "y" }
+                /// At the end of a property, so expecting either a comma or end-of-object
+                /// Next states: ObjectAfterComma or "AfterValue"
+                /// </summary>
+                ObjectAfterProperty = 1 << 6,
+                /// <summary>
+                /// { "foo":"bar", ^ "x":"y" }
+                /// Read the comma after the previous property, so expecting another property.
+                /// This is like ObjectStart, but closing brace isn't valid here
+                /// Next state: ObjectBeforeColon.
+                /// </summary>
+                ObjectAfterComma = 1 << 7,
+                /// <summary>
+                /// [ ^ "foo", "bar" ]
+                /// Before the *first* value in an array.
+                /// Next states:
+                /// "AfterValue" (read a value)
+                /// "AfterValue" (end of array; will pop stack)
+                /// </summary>
+                ArrayStart = 1 << 8,
+                /// <summary>
+                /// [ "foo" ^ , "bar" ]
+                /// After any value in an array, so expecting either a comma or end-of-array
+                /// Next states: ArrayAfterComma or "AfterValue"
+                /// </summary>
+                ArrayAfterValue = 1 << 9,
+                /// <summary>
+                /// [ "foo", ^ "bar" ]
+                /// After a comma in an array, so there *must* be another value (simple or complex).
+                /// Next states: "AfterValue" (simple value), StartObject, StartArray
+                /// </summary>
+                ArrayAfterComma = 1 << 10
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Wrapper around a text reader allowing small amounts of buffering and location handling.
+            /// </summary>
+            private class PushBackReader
+            {
+                // TODO: Add locations for errors etc.
+
+                private readonly TextReader reader;
+
+                internal PushBackReader(TextReader reader)
+                {
+                    // TODO: Wrap the reader in a BufferedReader?
+                    this.reader = reader;
+                }
+
+                /// <summary>
+                /// The buffered next character, if we have one.
+                /// </summary>
+                private char? nextChar;
+
+                /// <summary>
+                /// Returns the next character in the stream, or null if we have reached the end.
+                /// </summary>
+                /// <returns></returns>
+                internal char? Read()
+                {
+                    if (nextChar != null)
+                    {
+                        char? tmp = nextChar;
+                        nextChar = null;
+                        return tmp;
+                    }
+                    int next = reader.Read();
+                    return next == -1 ? null : (char?) next;
+                }
+
+                internal char ReadOrFail(string messageOnFailure)
+                {
+                    char? next = Read();
+                    if (next == null)
+                    {
+                        throw CreateException(messageOnFailure);
+                    }
+                    return next.Value;
+                }
+
+                internal void PushBack(char c)
+                {
+                    if (nextChar != null)
+                    {
+                        throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot push back when already buffering a character");
+                    }
+                    nextChar = c;
+                }
+
+                /// <summary>
+                /// Creates a new exception appropriate for the current state of the reader.
+                /// </summary>
+                internal InvalidJsonException CreateException(string message)
+                {
+                    // TODO: Keep track of and use the location.
+                    return new InvalidJsonException(message);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/LimitedInputStream.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/LimitedInputStream.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50ead9c99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/LimitedInputStream.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Stream implementation which proxies another stream, only allowing a certain amount
+    /// of data to be read. Note that this is only used to read delimited streams, so it
+    /// doesn't attempt to implement everything.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal sealed class LimitedInputStream : Stream
+    {
+        private readonly Stream proxied;
+        private int bytesLeft;
+
+        internal LimitedInputStream(Stream proxied, int size)
+        {
+            this.proxied = proxied;
+            bytesLeft = size;
+        }
+
+        public override bool CanRead
+        {
+            get { return true; }
+        }
+
+        public override bool CanSeek
+        {
+            get { return false; }
+        }
+
+        public override bool CanWrite
+        {
+            get { return false; }
+        }
+
+        public override void Flush()
+        {
+        }
+
+        public override long Length
+        {
+            get { throw new NotSupportedException(); }
+        }
+
+        public override long Position
+        {
+            get { throw new NotSupportedException(); }
+            set { throw new NotSupportedException(); }
+        }
+
+        public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
+        {
+            if (bytesLeft > 0)
+            {
+                int bytesRead = proxied.Read(buffer, offset, Math.Min(bytesLeft, count));
+                bytesLeft -= bytesRead;
+                return bytesRead;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin origin)
+        {
+            throw new NotSupportedException();
+        }
+
+        public override void SetLength(long value)
+        {
+            throw new NotSupportedException();
+        }
+
+        public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
+        {
+            throw new NotSupportedException();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/MessageExtensions.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/MessageExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06e0980ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/MessageExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Extension methods on <see cref="IMessage"/> and <see cref="IMessage{T}"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class MessageExtensions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges data from the given byte array into an existing message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to merge the data into.</param>
+        /// <param name="data">The data to merge, which must be protobuf-encoded binary data.</param>
+        public static void MergeFrom(this IMessage message, byte[] data) =>
+            MergeFrom(message, data, false, null);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges data from the given byte array slice into an existing message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to merge the data into.</param>
+        /// <param name="data">The data containing the slice to merge, which must be protobuf-encoded binary data.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset of the slice to merge.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the slice to merge.</param>
+        public static void MergeFrom(this IMessage message, byte[] data, int offset, int length) =>
+            MergeFrom(message, data, offset, length, false, null);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges data from the given byte string into an existing message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to merge the data into.</param>
+        /// <param name="data">The data to merge, which must be protobuf-encoded binary data.</param>
+        public static void MergeFrom(this IMessage message, ByteString data) =>
+            MergeFrom(message, data, false, null);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges data from the given stream into an existing message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to merge the data into.</param>
+        /// <param name="input">Stream containing the data to merge, which must be protobuf-encoded binary data.</param>
+        public static void MergeFrom(this IMessage message, Stream input) =>
+            MergeFrom(message, input, false, null);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges length-delimited data from the given stream into an existing message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The stream is expected to contain a length and then the data. Only the amount of data
+        /// specified by the length will be consumed.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to merge the data into.</param>
+        /// <param name="input">Stream containing the data to merge, which must be protobuf-encoded binary data.</param>
+        public static void MergeDelimitedFrom(this IMessage message, Stream input) =>
+            MergeDelimitedFrom(message, input, false, null);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the given message into a byte array in protobuf encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to convert.</param>
+        /// <returns>The message data as a byte array.</returns>
+        public static byte[] ToByteArray(this IMessage message)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(message, "message");
+            byte[] result = new byte[message.CalculateSize()];
+            CodedOutputStream output = new CodedOutputStream(result);
+            message.WriteTo(output);
+            output.CheckNoSpaceLeft();
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the given message data to the given stream in protobuf encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to write to the stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="output">The stream to write to.</param>
+        public static void WriteTo(this IMessage message, Stream output)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(message, "message");
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(output, "output");
+            CodedOutputStream codedOutput = new CodedOutputStream(output);
+            message.WriteTo(codedOutput);
+            codedOutput.Flush();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the length and then data of the given message to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to write.</param>
+        /// <param name="output">The output stream to write to.</param>
+        public static void WriteDelimitedTo(this IMessage message, Stream output)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(message, "message");
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(output, "output");
+            CodedOutputStream codedOutput = new CodedOutputStream(output);
+            codedOutput.WriteRawVarint32((uint)message.CalculateSize());
+            message.WriteTo(codedOutput);
+            codedOutput.Flush();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the given message into a byte string in protobuf encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to convert.</param>
+        /// <returns>The message data as a byte string.</returns>
+        public static ByteString ToByteString(this IMessage message)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(message, "message");
+            return ByteString.AttachBytes(message.ToByteArray());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if all required fields in a message have values set. For proto3 messages, this returns true
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool IsInitialized(this IMessage message)
+        {
+            if (message.Descriptor.File.Syntax == Syntax.Proto3)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (!message.Descriptor.IsExtensionsInitialized(message))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return message.Descriptor
+                .Fields
+                .InDeclarationOrder()
+                .All(f =>
+                {
+                    if (f.IsMap)
+                    {
+                        var valueField = f.MessageType.Fields[2];
+                        if (valueField.FieldType == FieldType.Message)
+                        {
+                            var map = (IDictionary)f.Accessor.GetValue(message);
+                            return map.Values.Cast<IMessage>().All(IsInitialized);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (f.IsRepeated && f.FieldType == FieldType.Message || f.FieldType == FieldType.Group)
+                    {
+                        var enumerable = (IEnumerable)f.Accessor.GetValue(message);
+                        return enumerable.Cast<IMessage>().All(IsInitialized);
+                    }
+                    else if (f.FieldType == FieldType.Message || f.FieldType == FieldType.Group)
+                    {
+                        if (f.Accessor.HasValue(message))
+                        {
+                            return ((IMessage)f.Accessor.GetValue(message)).IsInitialized();
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            return !f.IsRequired;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (f.IsRequired)
+                    {
+                        return f.Accessor.HasValue(message);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                });
+        }
+
+        // Implementations allowing unknown fields to be discarded.
+        internal static void MergeFrom(this IMessage message, byte[] data, bool discardUnknownFields, ExtensionRegistry registry)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(message, "message");
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(data, "data");
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(data);
+            input.DiscardUnknownFields = discardUnknownFields;
+            input.ExtensionRegistry = registry;
+            message.MergeFrom(input);
+            input.CheckReadEndOfStreamTag();
+        }
+
+        internal static void MergeFrom(this IMessage message, byte[] data, int offset, int length, bool discardUnknownFields, ExtensionRegistry registry)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(message, "message");
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(data, "data");
+            CodedInputStream input = new CodedInputStream(data, offset, length);
+            input.DiscardUnknownFields = discardUnknownFields;
+            input.ExtensionRegistry = registry;
+            message.MergeFrom(input);
+            input.CheckReadEndOfStreamTag();
+        }
+
+        internal static void MergeFrom(this IMessage message, ByteString data, bool discardUnknownFields, ExtensionRegistry registry)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(message, "message");
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(data, "data");
+            CodedInputStream input = data.CreateCodedInput();
+            input.DiscardUnknownFields = discardUnknownFields;
+            input.ExtensionRegistry = registry;
+            message.MergeFrom(input);
+            input.CheckReadEndOfStreamTag();
+        }
+
+        internal static void MergeFrom(this IMessage message, Stream input, bool discardUnknownFields, ExtensionRegistry registry)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(message, "message");
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(input, "input");
+            CodedInputStream codedInput = new CodedInputStream(input);
+            codedInput.DiscardUnknownFields = discardUnknownFields;
+            codedInput.ExtensionRegistry = registry;
+            message.MergeFrom(codedInput);
+            codedInput.CheckReadEndOfStreamTag();
+        }
+
+        internal static void MergeDelimitedFrom(this IMessage message, Stream input, bool discardUnknownFields, ExtensionRegistry registry)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(message, "message");
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(input, "input");
+            int size = (int) CodedInputStream.ReadRawVarint32(input);
+            Stream limitedStream = new LimitedInputStream(input, size);
+            MergeFrom(message, limitedStream, discardUnknownFields, registry);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/MessageParser.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/MessageParser.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76a350ce4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/MessageParser.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A general message parser, typically used by reflection-based code as all the methods
+    /// return simple <see cref="IMessage"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class MessageParser
+    {
+        private Func<IMessage> factory;
+        // TODO: When we use a C# 7.1 compiler, make this private protected.
+        internal bool DiscardUnknownFields { get; }
+
+        internal ExtensionRegistry Extensions { get; }
+
+        internal MessageParser(Func<IMessage> factory, bool discardUnknownFields, ExtensionRegistry extensions)
+        {
+            this.factory = factory;
+            DiscardUnknownFields = discardUnknownFields;
+            Extensions = extensions;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a template instance ready for population.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>An empty message.</returns>
+        internal IMessage CreateTemplate()
+        {
+            return factory();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses a message from a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="data">The byte array containing the message. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <returns>The newly parsed message.</returns>
+        public IMessage ParseFrom(byte[] data)
+        {
+            IMessage message = factory();
+            message.MergeFrom(data, DiscardUnknownFields, Extensions);
+            CheckMergedRequiredFields(message);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses a message from a byte array slice.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="data">The byte array containing the message. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset of the slice to parse.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the slice to parse.</param>
+        /// <returns>The newly parsed message.</returns>
+        public IMessage ParseFrom(byte[] data, int offset, int length)
+        {
+            IMessage message = factory();
+            message.MergeFrom(data, offset, length, DiscardUnknownFields, Extensions);
+            CheckMergedRequiredFields(message);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses a message from the given byte string.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="data">The data to parse.</param>
+        /// <returns>The parsed message.</returns>
+        public IMessage ParseFrom(ByteString data)
+        {
+            IMessage message = factory();
+            message.MergeFrom(data, DiscardUnknownFields, Extensions);
+            CheckMergedRequiredFields(message);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses a message from the given stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="input">The stream to parse.</param>
+        /// <returns>The parsed message.</returns>
+        public IMessage ParseFrom(Stream input)
+        {
+            IMessage message = factory();
+            message.MergeFrom(input, DiscardUnknownFields, Extensions);
+            CheckMergedRequiredFields(message);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses a length-delimited message from the given stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The stream is expected to contain a length and then the data. Only the amount of data
+        /// specified by the length will be consumed.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="input">The stream to parse.</param>
+        /// <returns>The parsed message.</returns>
+        public IMessage ParseDelimitedFrom(Stream input)
+        {
+            IMessage message = factory();
+            message.MergeDelimitedFrom(input, DiscardUnknownFields, Extensions);
+            CheckMergedRequiredFields(message);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses a message from the given coded input stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="input">The stream to parse.</param>
+        /// <returns>The parsed message.</returns>
+        public IMessage ParseFrom(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            IMessage message = factory();
+            MergeFrom(message, input);
+            CheckMergedRequiredFields(message);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses a message from the given JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="json">The JSON to parse.</param>
+        /// <returns>The parsed message.</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidJsonException">The JSON does not comply with RFC 7159</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidProtocolBufferException">The JSON does not represent a Protocol Buffers message correctly</exception>
+        public IMessage ParseJson(string json)
+        {
+            IMessage message = factory();
+            JsonParser.Default.Merge(message, json);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        // TODO: When we're using a C# 7.1 compiler, make this private protected.
+        internal void MergeFrom(IMessage message, CodedInputStream codedInput)
+        {
+            bool originalDiscard = codedInput.DiscardUnknownFields;
+            try
+            {
+                codedInput.DiscardUnknownFields = DiscardUnknownFields;
+                message.MergeFrom(codedInput);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                codedInput.DiscardUnknownFields = originalDiscard;
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static void CheckMergedRequiredFields(IMessage message)
+        {
+            if (!message.IsInitialized())
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Parsed message does not contain all required fields");
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new message parser which optionally discards unknown fields when parsing.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="discardUnknownFields">Whether or not to discard unknown fields when parsing.</param>
+        /// <returns>A newly configured message parser.</returns>
+        public MessageParser WithDiscardUnknownFields(bool discardUnknownFields) =>
+            new MessageParser(factory, discardUnknownFields, Extensions);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new message parser which registers extensions from the specified registry upon creating the message instance
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="registry">The extensions to register</param>
+        /// <returns>A newly configured message parser.</returns>
+        public MessageParser WithExtensionRegistry(ExtensionRegistry registry) =>
+            new MessageParser(factory, DiscardUnknownFields, registry);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A parser for a specific message type.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// <p>
+    /// This delegates most behavior to the
+    /// <see cref="IMessage.MergeFrom"/> implementation within the original type, but
+    /// provides convenient overloads to parse from a variety of sources.
+    /// </p>
+    /// <p>
+    /// Most applications will never need to create their own instances of this type;
+    /// instead, use the static <c>Parser</c> property of a generated message type to obtain a
+    /// parser for that type.
+    /// </p>
+    /// </remarks>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">The type of message to be parsed.</typeparam>
+    public sealed class MessageParser<T> : MessageParser where T : IMessage<T>
+    {
+        // Implementation note: all the methods here *could* just delegate up to the base class and cast the result.
+        // The current implementation avoids a virtual method call and a cast, which *may* be significant in some cases.
+        // Benchmarking work is required to measure the significance - but it's only a few lines of code in any case.
+        // The API wouldn't change anyway - just the implementation - so this work can be deferred.
+        private readonly Func<T> factory;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new parser.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The factory method is effectively an optimization over using a generic constraint
+        /// to require a parameterless constructor: delegates are significantly faster to execute.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="factory">Function to invoke when a new, empty message is required.</param>
+        public MessageParser(Func<T> factory) : this(factory, false, null)
+        {
+        }
+
+        internal MessageParser(Func<T> factory, bool discardUnknownFields, ExtensionRegistry extensions) : base(() => factory(), discardUnknownFields, extensions)
+        {
+            this.factory = factory;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a template instance ready for population.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>An empty message.</returns>
+        internal new T CreateTemplate()
+        {
+            return factory();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses a message from a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="data">The byte array containing the message. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <returns>The newly parsed message.</returns>
+        public new T ParseFrom(byte[] data)
+        {
+            T message = factory();
+            message.MergeFrom(data, DiscardUnknownFields, Extensions);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses a message from a byte array slice.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="data">The byte array containing the message. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset of the slice to parse.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the slice to parse.</param>
+        /// <returns>The newly parsed message.</returns>
+        public new T ParseFrom(byte[] data, int offset, int length)
+        {
+            T message = factory();
+            message.MergeFrom(data, offset, length, DiscardUnknownFields, Extensions);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses a message from the given byte string.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="data">The data to parse.</param>
+        /// <returns>The parsed message.</returns>
+        public new T ParseFrom(ByteString data)
+        {
+            T message = factory();
+            message.MergeFrom(data, DiscardUnknownFields, Extensions);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses a message from the given stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="input">The stream to parse.</param>
+        /// <returns>The parsed message.</returns>
+        public new T ParseFrom(Stream input)
+        {
+            T message = factory();
+            message.MergeFrom(input, DiscardUnknownFields, Extensions);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses a length-delimited message from the given stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The stream is expected to contain a length and then the data. Only the amount of data
+        /// specified by the length will be consumed.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="input">The stream to parse.</param>
+        /// <returns>The parsed message.</returns>
+        public new T ParseDelimitedFrom(Stream input)
+        {
+            T message = factory();
+            message.MergeDelimitedFrom(input, DiscardUnknownFields, Extensions);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses a message from the given coded input stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="input">The stream to parse.</param>
+        /// <returns>The parsed message.</returns>
+        public new T ParseFrom(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            T message = factory();
+            MergeFrom(message, input);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses a message from the given JSON.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="json">The JSON to parse.</param>
+        /// <returns>The parsed message.</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidJsonException">The JSON does not comply with RFC 7159</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidProtocolBufferException">The JSON does not represent a Protocol Buffers message correctly</exception>
+        public new T ParseJson(string json)
+        {
+            T message = factory();
+            JsonParser.Default.Merge(message, json);
+            return message;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new message parser which optionally discards unknown fields when parsing.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="discardUnknownFields">Whether or not to discard unknown fields when parsing.</param>
+        /// <returns>A newly configured message parser.</returns>
+        public new MessageParser<T> WithDiscardUnknownFields(bool discardUnknownFields) =>
+            new MessageParser<T>(factory, discardUnknownFields, Extensions);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new message parser which registers extensions from the specified registry upon creating the message instance
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="registry">The extensions to register</param>
+        /// <returns>A newly configured message parser.</returns>
+        public new MessageParser<T> WithExtensionRegistry(ExtensionRegistry registry) =>
+            new MessageParser<T>(factory, DiscardUnknownFields, registry);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ObjectIntPair.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ObjectIntPair.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b98d93a51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ObjectIntPair.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Struct used to hold the keys for the fieldByNumber table in DescriptorPool and the keys for the 
+    /// extensionByNumber table in ExtensionRegistry.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal struct ObjectIntPair<T> : IEquatable<ObjectIntPair<T>> where T : class
+    {
+        private readonly int number;
+        private readonly T obj;
+
+        internal ObjectIntPair(T obj, int number)
+        {
+            this.number = number;
+            this.obj = obj;
+        }
+
+        public bool Equals(ObjectIntPair<T> other)
+        {
+            return obj == other.obj
+                   && number == other.number;
+        }
+
+        public override bool Equals(object obj)
+        {
+            if (obj is ObjectIntPair<T>)
+            {
+                return Equals((ObjectIntPair<T>)obj);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            return obj.GetHashCode() * ((1 << 16) - 1) + number;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b179bd7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Security;
+
+// General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following 
+// set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information
+// associated with an assembly.
+
+#if !NCRUNCH
+[assembly: AllowPartiallyTrustedCallers]
+#endif
+
+[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("Google.Protobuf.Test, PublicKey=" +
+    "002400000480000094000000060200000024000052534131000400000100010025800fbcfc63a1" +
+    "7c66b303aae80b03a6beaa176bb6bef883be436f2a1579edd80ce23edf151a1f4ced97af83abcd" +
+    "981207041fd5b2da3b498346fcfcd94910d52f25537c4a43ce3fbe17dc7d43e6cbdb4d8f1242dc" +
+    "b6bd9b5906be74da8daa7d7280f97130f318a16c07baf118839b156299a48522f9fae2371c9665" +
+    "c5ae9cb6")]
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ProtoPreconditions.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ProtoPreconditions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..590a3bb20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/ProtoPreconditions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Helper methods for throwing exceptions when preconditions are not met.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// This class is used internally and by generated code; it is not particularly
+    /// expected to be used from application code, although nothing prevents it
+    /// from being used that way.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public static class ProtoPreconditions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Throws an ArgumentNullException if the given value is null, otherwise
+        /// return the value to the caller.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static T CheckNotNull<T>(T value, string name) where T : class
+        {
+            if (value == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(name);
+            }
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Throws an ArgumentNullException if the given value is null, otherwise
+        /// return the value to the caller.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This is equivalent to <see cref="CheckNotNull{T}(T, string)"/> but without the type parameter
+        /// constraint. In most cases, the constraint is useful to prevent you from calling CheckNotNull
+        /// with a value type - but it gets in the way if either you want to use it with a nullable
+        /// value type, or you want to use it with an unconstrained type parameter.
+        /// </remarks>
+        internal static T CheckNotNullUnconstrained<T>(T value, string name)
+        {
+            if (value == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(name);
+            }
+            return value;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/CustomOptions.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/CustomOptions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9fc376688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/CustomOptions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Container for a set of custom options specified within a message, field etc.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// <para>
+    /// This type is publicly immutable, but internally mutable. It is only populated
+    /// by the descriptor parsing code - by the time any user code is able to see an instance,
+    /// it will be fully initialized.
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>
+    /// If an option is requested using the incorrect method, an answer may still be returned: all
+    /// of the numeric types are represented internally using 64-bit integers, for example. It is up to
+    /// the caller to ensure that they make the appropriate method call for the option they're interested in.
+    /// Note that enum options are simply stored as integers, so the value should be fetched using
+    /// <see cref="TryGetInt32(int, out int)"/> and then cast appropriately.
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>
+    /// Repeated options are currently not supported. Asking for a single value of an option
+    /// which was actually repeated will return the last value, except for message types where
+    /// all the set values are merged together.
+    /// </para>
+    /// </remarks>
+    public sealed class CustomOptions
+    {
+        private static readonly object[] EmptyParameters = new object[0];
+        private readonly IDictionary<int, IExtensionValue> values;
+
+        internal CustomOptions(IDictionary<int, IExtensionValue> values)
+        {
+            this.values = values;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a Boolean value for the specified option field.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetBool(int field, out bool value) => TryGetPrimitiveValue(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a signed 32-bit integer value for the specified option field.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetInt32(int field, out int value) => TryGetPrimitiveValue(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a signed 64-bit integer value for the specified option field.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetInt64(int field, out long value) => TryGetPrimitiveValue(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves an unsigned 32-bit integer value for the specified option field,
+        /// assuming a fixed-length representation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetFixed32(int field, out uint value) => TryGetUInt32(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves an unsigned 64-bit integer value for the specified option field,
+        /// assuming a fixed-length representation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetFixed64(int field, out ulong value) => TryGetUInt64(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a signed 32-bit integer value for the specified option field,
+        /// assuming a fixed-length representation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetSFixed32(int field, out int value) => TryGetInt32(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a signed 64-bit integer value for the specified option field,
+        /// assuming a fixed-length representation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetSFixed64(int field, out long value) => TryGetInt64(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a signed 32-bit integer value for the specified option field,
+        /// assuming a zigzag encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetSInt32(int field, out int value) => TryGetPrimitiveValue(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a signed 64-bit integer value for the specified option field,
+        /// assuming a zigzag encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetSInt64(int field, out long value) => TryGetPrimitiveValue(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves an unsigned 32-bit integer value for the specified option field.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetUInt32(int field, out uint value) => TryGetPrimitiveValue(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves an unsigned 64-bit integer value for the specified option field.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetUInt64(int field, out ulong value) => TryGetPrimitiveValue(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a 32-bit floating point value for the specified option field.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetFloat(int field, out float value) => TryGetPrimitiveValue(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a 64-bit floating point value for the specified option field.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetDouble(int field, out double value) => TryGetPrimitiveValue(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a string value for the specified option field.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetString(int field, out string value) => TryGetPrimitiveValue(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a bytes value for the specified option field.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetBytes(int field, out ByteString value) => TryGetPrimitiveValue(field, out value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves a message value for the specified option field.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="field">The field to fetch the value for.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The output variable to populate.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if a suitable value for the field was found; <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetMessage<T>(int field, out T value) where T : class, IMessage, new()
+        {
+            if (values == null)
+            {
+                value = default(T);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            IExtensionValue extensionValue;
+            if (values.TryGetValue(field, out extensionValue))
+            {
+                if (extensionValue is ExtensionValue<T>)
+                {
+                    ExtensionValue<T> single = extensionValue as ExtensionValue<T>;
+                    ByteString bytes = single.GetValue().ToByteString();
+                    value = new T();
+                    value.MergeFrom(bytes);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                else if (extensionValue is RepeatedExtensionValue<T>)
+                {
+                    RepeatedExtensionValue<T> repeated = extensionValue as RepeatedExtensionValue<T>;
+                    value = repeated.GetValue()
+                        .Select(v => v.ToByteString())
+                        .Aggregate(new T(), (t, b) =>
+                        {
+                            t.MergeFrom(b);
+                            return t;
+                        });
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            value = null;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private bool TryGetPrimitiveValue<T>(int field, out T value)
+        {
+            if (values == null)
+            {
+                value = default(T);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            IExtensionValue extensionValue;
+            if (values.TryGetValue(field, out extensionValue))
+            {
+                if (extensionValue is ExtensionValue<T>)
+                {
+                    ExtensionValue<T> single = extensionValue as ExtensionValue<T>;
+                    value = single.GetValue();
+                    return true;
+                }
+                else if (extensionValue is RepeatedExtensionValue<T>)
+                {
+                    RepeatedExtensionValue<T> repeated = extensionValue as RepeatedExtensionValue<T>;
+                    if (repeated.GetValue().Count != 0)
+                    {
+                        RepeatedField<T> repeatedField = repeated.GetValue();
+                        value = repeatedField[repeatedField.Count - 1];
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                else // and here we find explicit enum handling since T : Enum ! x is ExtensionValue<Enum>
+                {
+                    var type = extensionValue.GetType();
+                    if (type.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(ExtensionValue<>))
+                    {
+                        var typeInfo = type.GetTypeInfo();
+                        var typeArgs = typeInfo.GenericTypeArguments;
+                        if (typeArgs.Length == 1 && typeArgs[0].GetTypeInfo().IsEnum)
+                        {
+                            value = (T)typeInfo.GetDeclaredMethod(nameof(ExtensionValue<T>.GetValue)).Invoke(extensionValue, EmptyParameters);
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (type.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(RepeatedExtensionValue<>))
+                    {
+                        var typeInfo = type.GetTypeInfo();
+                        var typeArgs = typeInfo.GenericTypeArguments;
+                        if (typeArgs.Length == 1 && typeArgs[0].GetTypeInfo().IsEnum)
+                        {
+                            var values = (IList)typeInfo.GetDeclaredMethod(nameof(RepeatedExtensionValue<T>.GetValue)).Invoke(extensionValue, EmptyParameters);
+                            if (values.Count != 0)
+                            {
+                                value = (T)values[values.Count - 1];
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            value = default(T);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/Descriptor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/Descriptor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59c260018
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/Descriptor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,8414 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from google/protobuf/descriptor.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class DescriptorReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for google/protobuf/descriptor.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static DescriptorReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
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+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileDescriptorSet), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileDescriptorSet.Parser, new[]{ "File" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileDescriptorProto), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileDescriptorProto.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Package", "Dependency", "PublicDependency", "WeakDependency", "MessageType", "EnumType", "Service", "Extension", "Options", "SourceCodeInfo", "Syntax" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Field", "Extension", "NestedType", "EnumType", "ExtensionRange", "OneofDecl", "Options", "ReservedRange", "ReservedName" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Types.ExtensionRange), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Types.ExtensionRange.Parser, new[]{ "Start", "End", "Options" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Types.ReservedRange), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Types.ReservedRange.Parser, new[]{ "Start", "End" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ExtensionRangeOptions), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ExtensionRangeOptions.Parser, new[]{ "UninterpretedOption" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Number", "Label", "Type", "TypeName", "Extendee", "DefaultValue", "OneofIndex", "JsonName", "Options" }, null, new[]{ typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type), typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Label) }, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofDescriptorProto), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofDescriptorProto.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Options" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Value", "Options", "ReservedRange", "ReservedName" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto.Types.EnumReservedRange), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto.Types.EnumReservedRange.Parser, new[]{ "Start", "End" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueDescriptorProto), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueDescriptorProto.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Number", "Options" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceDescriptorProto), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceDescriptorProto.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Method", "Options" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodDescriptorProto), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodDescriptorProto.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "InputType", "OutputType", "Options", "ClientStreaming", "ServerStreaming" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions.Parser, new[]{ "JavaPackage", "JavaOuterClassname", "JavaMultipleFiles", "JavaGenerateEqualsAndHash", "JavaStringCheckUtf8", "OptimizeFor", "GoPackage", "CcGenericServices", "JavaGenericServices", "PyGenericServices", "PhpGenericServices", "Deprecated", "CcEnableArenas", "ObjcClassPrefix", "CsharpNamespace", "SwiftPrefix", "PhpClassPrefix", "PhpNamespace", "PhpMetadataNamespace", "RubyPackage", "UninterpretedOption" }, null, new[]{ typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions.Types.OptimizeMode) }, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions.Parser, new[]{ "MessageSetWireFormat", "NoStandardDescriptorAccessor", "Deprecated", "MapEntry", "UninterpretedOption" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions.Parser, new[]{ "Ctype", "Packed", "Jstype", "Lazy", "Deprecated", "Weak", "UninterpretedOption" }, null, new[]{ typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions.Types.CType), typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions.Types.JSType) }, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofOptions), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofOptions.Parser, new[]{ "UninterpretedOption" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumOptions), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumOptions.Parser, new[]{ "AllowAlias", "Deprecated", "UninterpretedOption" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueOptions), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueOptions.Parser, new[]{ "Deprecated", "UninterpretedOption" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceOptions), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceOptions.Parser, new[]{ "Deprecated", "UninterpretedOption" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions.Parser, new[]{ "Deprecated", "IdempotencyLevel", "UninterpretedOption" }, null, new[]{ typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions.Types.IdempotencyLevel) }, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "IdentifierValue", "PositiveIntValue", "NegativeIntValue", "DoubleValue", "StringValue", "AggregateValue" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Types.NamePart), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Types.NamePart.Parser, new[]{ "NamePart_", "IsExtension" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo.Parser, new[]{ "Location" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo.Types.Location), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo.Types.Location.Parser, new[]{ "Path", "Span", "LeadingComments", "TrailingComments", "LeadingDetachedComments" }, null, null, null, null)}),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.GeneratedCodeInfo), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.GeneratedCodeInfo.Parser, new[]{ "Annotation" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.GeneratedCodeInfo.Types.Annotation), global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.GeneratedCodeInfo.Types.Annotation.Parser, new[]{ "Path", "SourceFile", "Begin", "End" }, null, null, null, null)})
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// The protocol compiler can output a FileDescriptorSet containing the .proto
+  /// files it parses.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class FileDescriptorSet : pb::IMessage<FileDescriptorSet> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FileDescriptorSet> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FileDescriptorSet>(() => new FileDescriptorSet());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FileDescriptorSet> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FileDescriptorSet() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FileDescriptorSet(FileDescriptorSet other) : this() {
+      file_ = other.file_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FileDescriptorSet Clone() {
+      return new FileDescriptorSet(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "file" field.</summary>
+    public const int FileFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileDescriptorProto> _repeated_file_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(10, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileDescriptorProto.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileDescriptorProto> file_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileDescriptorProto>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileDescriptorProto> File {
+      get { return file_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FileDescriptorSet);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FileDescriptorSet other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!file_.Equals(other.file_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= file_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      file_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_file_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += file_.CalculateSize(_repeated_file_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FileDescriptorSet other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      file_.Add(other.file_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            file_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_file_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Describes a complete .proto file.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class FileDescriptorProto : pb::IMessage<FileDescriptorProto> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FileDescriptorProto> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FileDescriptorProto>(() => new FileDescriptorProto());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FileDescriptorProto> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FileDescriptorProto() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FileDescriptorProto(FileDescriptorProto other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      package_ = other.package_;
+      dependency_ = other.dependency_.Clone();
+      publicDependency_ = other.publicDependency_.Clone();
+      weakDependency_ = other.weakDependency_.Clone();
+      messageType_ = other.messageType_.Clone();
+      enumType_ = other.enumType_.Clone();
+      service_ = other.service_.Clone();
+      extension_ = other.extension_.Clone();
+      options_ = other.HasOptions ? other.options_.Clone() : null;
+      sourceCodeInfo_ = other.HasSourceCodeInfo ? other.sourceCodeInfo_.Clone() : null;
+      syntax_ = other.syntax_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FileDescriptorProto Clone() {
+      return new FileDescriptorProto(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static string NameDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string name_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// file name, relative to root of source tree
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_ ?? NameDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "name" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasName {
+      get { return name_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "name" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearName() {
+      name_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "package" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackageFieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static string PackageDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string package_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// e.g. "foo", "foo.bar", etc.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Package {
+      get { return package_ ?? PackageDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        package_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "package" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasPackage {
+      get { return package_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "package" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearPackage() {
+      package_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "dependency" field.</summary>
+    public const int DependencyFieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_dependency_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(26);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> dependency_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Names of files imported by this file.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> Dependency {
+      get { return dependency_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "public_dependency" field.</summary>
+    public const int PublicDependencyFieldNumber = 10;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_publicDependency_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(80);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> publicDependency_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Indexes of the public imported files in the dependency list above.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> PublicDependency {
+      get { return publicDependency_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "weak_dependency" field.</summary>
+    public const int WeakDependencyFieldNumber = 11;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_weakDependency_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(88);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> weakDependency_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Indexes of the weak imported files in the dependency list.
+    /// For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<int> WeakDependency {
+      get { return weakDependency_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "message_type" field.</summary>
+    public const int MessageTypeFieldNumber = 4;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto> _repeated_messageType_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(34, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto> messageType_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// All top-level definitions in this file.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto> MessageType {
+      get { return messageType_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "enum_type" field.</summary>
+    public const int EnumTypeFieldNumber = 5;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto> _repeated_enumType_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(42, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto> enumType_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto> EnumType {
+      get { return enumType_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "service" field.</summary>
+    public const int ServiceFieldNumber = 6;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceDescriptorProto> _repeated_service_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(50, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceDescriptorProto.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceDescriptorProto> service_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceDescriptorProto>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceDescriptorProto> Service {
+      get { return service_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "extension" field.</summary>
+    public const int ExtensionFieldNumber = 7;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto> _repeated_extension_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(58, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto> extension_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto> Extension {
+      get { return extension_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 8;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions options_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions Options {
+      get { return options_; }
+      set {
+        options_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the options field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptions {
+      get { return options_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the options field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptions() {
+      options_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "source_code_info" field.</summary>
+    public const int SourceCodeInfoFieldNumber = 9;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo sourceCodeInfo_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// This field contains optional information about the original source code.
+    /// You may safely remove this entire field without harming runtime
+    /// functionality of the descriptors -- the information is needed only by
+    /// development tools.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo SourceCodeInfo {
+      get { return sourceCodeInfo_; }
+      set {
+        sourceCodeInfo_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the source_code_info field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasSourceCodeInfo {
+      get { return sourceCodeInfo_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the source_code_info field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearSourceCodeInfo() {
+      sourceCodeInfo_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "syntax" field.</summary>
+    public const int SyntaxFieldNumber = 12;
+    private readonly static string SyntaxDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string syntax_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The syntax of the proto file.
+    /// The supported values are "proto2" and "proto3".
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Syntax {
+      get { return syntax_ ?? SyntaxDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        syntax_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "syntax" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasSyntax {
+      get { return syntax_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "syntax" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearSyntax() {
+      syntax_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FileDescriptorProto);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FileDescriptorProto other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if (Package != other.Package) return false;
+      if(!dependency_.Equals(other.dependency_)) return false;
+      if(!publicDependency_.Equals(other.publicDependency_)) return false;
+      if(!weakDependency_.Equals(other.weakDependency_)) return false;
+      if(!messageType_.Equals(other.messageType_)) return false;
+      if(!enumType_.Equals(other.enumType_)) return false;
+      if(!service_.Equals(other.service_)) return false;
+      if(!extension_.Equals(other.extension_)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Options, other.Options)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(SourceCodeInfo, other.SourceCodeInfo)) return false;
+      if (Syntax != other.Syntax) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasName) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasPackage) hash ^= Package.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= dependency_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= publicDependency_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= weakDependency_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= messageType_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= enumType_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= service_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= extension_.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptions) hash ^= Options.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasSourceCodeInfo) hash ^= SourceCodeInfo.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasSyntax) hash ^= Syntax.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasName) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      if (HasPackage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(Package);
+      }
+      dependency_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_dependency_codec);
+      messageType_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_messageType_codec);
+      enumType_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_enumType_codec);
+      service_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_service_codec);
+      extension_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_extension_codec);
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(66);
+        output.WriteMessage(Options);
+      }
+      if (HasSourceCodeInfo) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(74);
+        output.WriteMessage(SourceCodeInfo);
+      }
+      publicDependency_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_publicDependency_codec);
+      weakDependency_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_weakDependency_codec);
+      if (HasSyntax) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(98);
+        output.WriteString(Syntax);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasName) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      if (HasPackage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Package);
+      }
+      size += dependency_.CalculateSize(_repeated_dependency_codec);
+      size += publicDependency_.CalculateSize(_repeated_publicDependency_codec);
+      size += weakDependency_.CalculateSize(_repeated_weakDependency_codec);
+      size += messageType_.CalculateSize(_repeated_messageType_codec);
+      size += enumType_.CalculateSize(_repeated_enumType_codec);
+      size += service_.CalculateSize(_repeated_service_codec);
+      size += extension_.CalculateSize(_repeated_extension_codec);
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Options);
+      }
+      if (HasSourceCodeInfo) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SourceCodeInfo);
+      }
+      if (HasSyntax) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Syntax);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FileDescriptorProto other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasName) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      if (other.HasPackage) {
+        Package = other.Package;
+      }
+      dependency_.Add(other.dependency_);
+      publicDependency_.Add(other.publicDependency_);
+      weakDependency_.Add(other.weakDependency_);
+      messageType_.Add(other.messageType_);
+      enumType_.Add(other.enumType_);
+      service_.Add(other.service_);
+      extension_.Add(other.extension_);
+      if (other.HasOptions) {
+        if (!HasOptions) {
+          Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions();
+        }
+        Options.MergeFrom(other.Options);
+      }
+      if (other.HasSourceCodeInfo) {
+        if (!HasSourceCodeInfo) {
+          SourceCodeInfo = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo();
+        }
+        SourceCodeInfo.MergeFrom(other.SourceCodeInfo);
+      }
+      if (other.HasSyntax) {
+        Syntax = other.Syntax;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            Package = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            dependency_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_dependency_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            messageType_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_messageType_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            enumType_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_enumType_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            service_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_service_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            extension_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_extension_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            if (!HasOptions) {
+              Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Options);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 74: {
+            if (!HasSourceCodeInfo) {
+              SourceCodeInfo = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(SourceCodeInfo);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 82:
+          case 80: {
+            publicDependency_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_publicDependency_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 90:
+          case 88: {
+            weakDependency_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_weakDependency_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 98: {
+            Syntax = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Describes a message type.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class DescriptorProto : pb::IMessage<DescriptorProto> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<DescriptorProto> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<DescriptorProto>(() => new DescriptorProto());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<DescriptorProto> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[2]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DescriptorProto() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DescriptorProto(DescriptorProto other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      field_ = other.field_.Clone();
+      extension_ = other.extension_.Clone();
+      nestedType_ = other.nestedType_.Clone();
+      enumType_ = other.enumType_.Clone();
+      extensionRange_ = other.extensionRange_.Clone();
+      oneofDecl_ = other.oneofDecl_.Clone();
+      options_ = other.HasOptions ? other.options_.Clone() : null;
+      reservedRange_ = other.reservedRange_.Clone();
+      reservedName_ = other.reservedName_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DescriptorProto Clone() {
+      return new DescriptorProto(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static string NameDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string name_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_ ?? NameDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "name" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasName {
+      get { return name_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "name" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearName() {
+      name_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "field" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldFieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto> _repeated_field_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto> field_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto> Field {
+      get { return field_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "extension" field.</summary>
+    public const int ExtensionFieldNumber = 6;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto> _repeated_extension_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(50, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto> extension_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto> Extension {
+      get { return extension_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "nested_type" field.</summary>
+    public const int NestedTypeFieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto> _repeated_nestedType_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(26, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto> nestedType_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto> NestedType {
+      get { return nestedType_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "enum_type" field.</summary>
+    public const int EnumTypeFieldNumber = 4;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto> _repeated_enumType_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(34, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto> enumType_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto> EnumType {
+      get { return enumType_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "extension_range" field.</summary>
+    public const int ExtensionRangeFieldNumber = 5;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Types.ExtensionRange> _repeated_extensionRange_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(42, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Types.ExtensionRange.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Types.ExtensionRange> extensionRange_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Types.ExtensionRange>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Types.ExtensionRange> ExtensionRange {
+      get { return extensionRange_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_decl" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofDeclFieldNumber = 8;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofDescriptorProto> _repeated_oneofDecl_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(66, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofDescriptorProto.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofDescriptorProto> oneofDecl_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofDescriptorProto>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofDescriptorProto> OneofDecl {
+      get { return oneofDecl_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 7;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions options_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions Options {
+      get { return options_; }
+      set {
+        options_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the options field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptions {
+      get { return options_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the options field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptions() {
+      options_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "reserved_range" field.</summary>
+    public const int ReservedRangeFieldNumber = 9;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Types.ReservedRange> _repeated_reservedRange_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(74, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Types.ReservedRange.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Types.ReservedRange> reservedRange_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Types.ReservedRange>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Types.ReservedRange> ReservedRange {
+      get { return reservedRange_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "reserved_name" field.</summary>
+    public const int ReservedNameFieldNumber = 10;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_reservedName_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(82);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> reservedName_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Reserved field names, which may not be used by fields in the same message.
+    /// A given name may only be reserved once.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> ReservedName {
+      get { return reservedName_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as DescriptorProto);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(DescriptorProto other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if(!field_.Equals(other.field_)) return false;
+      if(!extension_.Equals(other.extension_)) return false;
+      if(!nestedType_.Equals(other.nestedType_)) return false;
+      if(!enumType_.Equals(other.enumType_)) return false;
+      if(!extensionRange_.Equals(other.extensionRange_)) return false;
+      if(!oneofDecl_.Equals(other.oneofDecl_)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Options, other.Options)) return false;
+      if(!reservedRange_.Equals(other.reservedRange_)) return false;
+      if(!reservedName_.Equals(other.reservedName_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasName) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= field_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= extension_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= nestedType_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= enumType_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= extensionRange_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= oneofDecl_.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptions) hash ^= Options.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= reservedRange_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= reservedName_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasName) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      field_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_field_codec);
+      nestedType_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_nestedType_codec);
+      enumType_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_enumType_codec);
+      extensionRange_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_extensionRange_codec);
+      extension_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_extension_codec);
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(58);
+        output.WriteMessage(Options);
+      }
+      oneofDecl_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_oneofDecl_codec);
+      reservedRange_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_reservedRange_codec);
+      reservedName_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_reservedName_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasName) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      size += field_.CalculateSize(_repeated_field_codec);
+      size += extension_.CalculateSize(_repeated_extension_codec);
+      size += nestedType_.CalculateSize(_repeated_nestedType_codec);
+      size += enumType_.CalculateSize(_repeated_enumType_codec);
+      size += extensionRange_.CalculateSize(_repeated_extensionRange_codec);
+      size += oneofDecl_.CalculateSize(_repeated_oneofDecl_codec);
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Options);
+      }
+      size += reservedRange_.CalculateSize(_repeated_reservedRange_codec);
+      size += reservedName_.CalculateSize(_repeated_reservedName_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(DescriptorProto other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasName) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      field_.Add(other.field_);
+      extension_.Add(other.extension_);
+      nestedType_.Add(other.nestedType_);
+      enumType_.Add(other.enumType_);
+      extensionRange_.Add(other.extensionRange_);
+      oneofDecl_.Add(other.oneofDecl_);
+      if (other.HasOptions) {
+        if (!HasOptions) {
+          Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions();
+        }
+        Options.MergeFrom(other.Options);
+      }
+      reservedRange_.Add(other.reservedRange_);
+      reservedName_.Add(other.reservedName_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            field_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_field_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            nestedType_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_nestedType_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            enumType_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_enumType_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            extensionRange_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_extensionRange_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            extension_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_extension_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            if (!HasOptions) {
+              Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MessageOptions();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Options);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            oneofDecl_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_oneofDecl_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 74: {
+            reservedRange_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_reservedRange_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 82: {
+            reservedName_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_reservedName_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the DescriptorProto message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class ExtensionRange : pb::IMessage<ExtensionRange> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ExtensionRange> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ExtensionRange>(() => new ExtensionRange());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<ExtensionRange> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public ExtensionRange() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public ExtensionRange(ExtensionRange other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          start_ = other.start_;
+          end_ = other.end_;
+          options_ = other.HasOptions ? other.options_.Clone() : null;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public ExtensionRange Clone() {
+          return new ExtensionRange(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "start" field.</summary>
+        public const int StartFieldNumber = 1;
+        private readonly static int StartDefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int start_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Inclusive.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int Start {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return start_; } else { return StartDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            start_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "start" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasStart {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "start" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearStart() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "end" field.</summary>
+        public const int EndFieldNumber = 2;
+        private readonly static int EndDefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int end_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Exclusive.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int End {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return end_; } else { return EndDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 2;
+            end_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "end" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasEnd {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "end" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearEnd() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+        public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 3;
+        private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ExtensionRangeOptions options_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ExtensionRangeOptions Options {
+          get { return options_; }
+          set {
+            options_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the options field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasOptions {
+          get { return options_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the options field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearOptions() {
+          options_ = null;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as ExtensionRange);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(ExtensionRange other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (Start != other.Start) return false;
+          if (End != other.End) return false;
+          if (!object.Equals(Options, other.Options)) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasStart) hash ^= Start.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasEnd) hash ^= End.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasOptions) hash ^= Options.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasStart) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(Start);
+          }
+          if (HasEnd) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(16);
+            output.WriteInt32(End);
+          }
+          if (HasOptions) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(26);
+            output.WriteMessage(Options);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasStart) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Start);
+          }
+          if (HasEnd) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(End);
+          }
+          if (HasOptions) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Options);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(ExtensionRange other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasStart) {
+            Start = other.Start;
+          }
+          if (other.HasEnd) {
+            End = other.End;
+          }
+          if (other.HasOptions) {
+            if (!HasOptions) {
+              Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ExtensionRangeOptions();
+            }
+            Options.MergeFrom(other.Options);
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                Start = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 16: {
+                End = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 26: {
+                if (!HasOptions) {
+                  Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ExtensionRangeOptions();
+                }
+                input.ReadMessage(Options);
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Range of reserved tag numbers. Reserved tag numbers may not be used by
+      /// fields or extension ranges in the same message. Reserved ranges may
+      /// not overlap.
+      /// </summary>
+      public sealed partial class ReservedRange : pb::IMessage<ReservedRange> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ReservedRange> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ReservedRange>(() => new ReservedRange());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<ReservedRange> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorProto.Descriptor.NestedTypes[1]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public ReservedRange() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public ReservedRange(ReservedRange other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          start_ = other.start_;
+          end_ = other.end_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public ReservedRange Clone() {
+          return new ReservedRange(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "start" field.</summary>
+        public const int StartFieldNumber = 1;
+        private readonly static int StartDefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int start_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Inclusive.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int Start {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return start_; } else { return StartDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            start_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "start" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasStart {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "start" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearStart() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "end" field.</summary>
+        public const int EndFieldNumber = 2;
+        private readonly static int EndDefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int end_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Exclusive.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int End {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return end_; } else { return EndDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 2;
+            end_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "end" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasEnd {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "end" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearEnd() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as ReservedRange);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(ReservedRange other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (Start != other.Start) return false;
+          if (End != other.End) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasStart) hash ^= Start.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasEnd) hash ^= End.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasStart) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(Start);
+          }
+          if (HasEnd) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(16);
+            output.WriteInt32(End);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasStart) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Start);
+          }
+          if (HasEnd) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(End);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(ReservedRange other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasStart) {
+            Start = other.Start;
+          }
+          if (other.HasEnd) {
+            End = other.End;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                Start = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 16: {
+                End = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class ExtensionRangeOptions : pb::IExtendableMessage<ExtensionRangeOptions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ExtensionRangeOptions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ExtensionRangeOptions>(() => new ExtensionRangeOptions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    internal pb::ExtensionSet<ExtensionRangeOptions> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<ExtensionRangeOptions> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ExtensionRangeOptions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[3]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ExtensionRangeOptions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ExtensionRangeOptions(ExtensionRangeOptions other) : this() {
+      uninterpretedOption_ = other.uninterpretedOption_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ExtensionRangeOptions Clone() {
+      return new ExtensionRangeOptions(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uninterpreted_option" field.</summary>
+    public const int UninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(7994, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> uninterpretedOption_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> UninterpretedOption {
+      get { return uninterpretedOption_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ExtensionRangeOptions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ExtensionRangeOptions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!uninterpretedOption_.Equals(other.uninterpretedOption_)) return false;
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= uninterpretedOption_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      uninterpretedOption_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += uninterpretedOption_.CalculateSize(_repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ExtensionRangeOptions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.Add(other.uninterpretedOption_);
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 7994: {
+            uninterpretedOption_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<ExtensionRangeOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<ExtensionRangeOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<ExtensionRangeOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<ExtensionRangeOptions, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<ExtensionRangeOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<ExtensionRangeOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<ExtensionRangeOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Describes a field within a message.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class FieldDescriptorProto : pb::IMessage<FieldDescriptorProto> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FieldDescriptorProto> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FieldDescriptorProto>(() => new FieldDescriptorProto());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FieldDescriptorProto> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[4]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FieldDescriptorProto() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FieldDescriptorProto(FieldDescriptorProto other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      number_ = other.number_;
+      label_ = other.label_;
+      type_ = other.type_;
+      typeName_ = other.typeName_;
+      extendee_ = other.extendee_;
+      defaultValue_ = other.defaultValue_;
+      oneofIndex_ = other.oneofIndex_;
+      jsonName_ = other.jsonName_;
+      options_ = other.HasOptions ? other.options_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FieldDescriptorProto Clone() {
+      return new FieldDescriptorProto(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static string NameDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string name_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_ ?? NameDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "name" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasName {
+      get { return name_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "name" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearName() {
+      name_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "number" field.</summary>
+    public const int NumberFieldNumber = 3;
+    private readonly static int NumberDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int number_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Number {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return number_; } else { return NumberDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        number_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "number" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasNumber {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "number" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearNumber() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "label" field.</summary>
+    public const int LabelFieldNumber = 4;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Label LabelDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Label.Optional;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Label label_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Label Label {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return label_; } else { return LabelDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        label_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "label" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasLabel {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "label" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearLabel() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "type" field.</summary>
+    public const int TypeFieldNumber = 5;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type TypeDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Double;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type type_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// If type_name is set, this need not be set.  If both this and type_name
+    /// are set, this must be one of TYPE_ENUM, TYPE_MESSAGE or TYPE_GROUP.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type Type {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4) != 0) { return type_; } else { return TypeDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4;
+        type_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "type" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasType {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "type" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearType() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "type_name" field.</summary>
+    public const int TypeNameFieldNumber = 6;
+    private readonly static string TypeNameDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string typeName_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// For message and enum types, this is the name of the type.  If the name
+    /// starts with a '.', it is fully-qualified.  Otherwise, C++-like scoping
+    /// rules are used to find the type (i.e. first the nested types within this
+    /// message are searched, then within the parent, on up to the root
+    /// namespace).
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string TypeName {
+      get { return typeName_ ?? TypeNameDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        typeName_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "type_name" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasTypeName {
+      get { return typeName_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "type_name" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearTypeName() {
+      typeName_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "extendee" field.</summary>
+    public const int ExtendeeFieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static string ExtendeeDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string extendee_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// For extensions, this is the name of the type being extended.  It is
+    /// resolved in the same manner as type_name.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Extendee {
+      get { return extendee_ ?? ExtendeeDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        extendee_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "extendee" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasExtendee {
+      get { return extendee_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "extendee" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearExtendee() {
+      extendee_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultValueFieldNumber = 7;
+    private readonly static string DefaultValueDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string defaultValue_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// For numeric types, contains the original text representation of the value.
+    /// For booleans, "true" or "false".
+    /// For strings, contains the default text contents (not escaped in any way).
+    /// For bytes, contains the C escaped value.  All bytes >= 128 are escaped.
+    /// TODO(kenton):  Base-64 encode?
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string DefaultValue {
+      get { return defaultValue_ ?? DefaultValueDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        defaultValue_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "default_value" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDefaultValue {
+      get { return defaultValue_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "default_value" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDefaultValue() {
+      defaultValue_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_index" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofIndexFieldNumber = 9;
+    private readonly static int OneofIndexDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int oneofIndex_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// If set, gives the index of a oneof in the containing type's oneof_decl
+    /// list.  This field is a member of that oneof.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OneofIndex {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8) != 0) { return oneofIndex_; } else { return OneofIndexDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8;
+        oneofIndex_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "oneof_index" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOneofIndex {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "oneof_index" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOneofIndex() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "json_name" field.</summary>
+    public const int JsonNameFieldNumber = 10;
+    private readonly static string JsonNameDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string jsonName_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// JSON name of this field. The value is set by protocol compiler. If the
+    /// user has set a "json_name" option on this field, that option's value
+    /// will be used. Otherwise, it's deduced from the field's name by converting
+    /// it to camelCase.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string JsonName {
+      get { return jsonName_ ?? JsonNameDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        jsonName_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "json_name" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasJsonName {
+      get { return jsonName_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "json_name" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearJsonName() {
+      jsonName_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 8;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions options_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions Options {
+      get { return options_; }
+      set {
+        options_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the options field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptions {
+      get { return options_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the options field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptions() {
+      options_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FieldDescriptorProto);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FieldDescriptorProto other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if (Number != other.Number) return false;
+      if (Label != other.Label) return false;
+      if (Type != other.Type) return false;
+      if (TypeName != other.TypeName) return false;
+      if (Extendee != other.Extendee) return false;
+      if (DefaultValue != other.DefaultValue) return false;
+      if (OneofIndex != other.OneofIndex) return false;
+      if (JsonName != other.JsonName) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Options, other.Options)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasName) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasNumber) hash ^= Number.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasLabel) hash ^= Label.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasType) hash ^= Type.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasTypeName) hash ^= TypeName.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasExtendee) hash ^= Extendee.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDefaultValue) hash ^= DefaultValue.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOneofIndex) hash ^= OneofIndex.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasJsonName) hash ^= JsonName.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptions) hash ^= Options.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasName) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      if (HasExtendee) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(Extendee);
+      }
+      if (HasNumber) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteInt32(Number);
+      }
+      if (HasLabel) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(32);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) Label);
+      }
+      if (HasType) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) Type);
+      }
+      if (HasTypeName) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(50);
+        output.WriteString(TypeName);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultValue) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(58);
+        output.WriteString(DefaultValue);
+      }
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(66);
+        output.WriteMessage(Options);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofIndex) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(72);
+        output.WriteInt32(OneofIndex);
+      }
+      if (HasJsonName) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(82);
+        output.WriteString(JsonName);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasName) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      if (HasNumber) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Number);
+      }
+      if (HasLabel) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) Label);
+      }
+      if (HasType) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) Type);
+      }
+      if (HasTypeName) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(TypeName);
+      }
+      if (HasExtendee) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Extendee);
+      }
+      if (HasDefaultValue) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(DefaultValue);
+      }
+      if (HasOneofIndex) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(OneofIndex);
+      }
+      if (HasJsonName) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(JsonName);
+      }
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Options);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FieldDescriptorProto other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasName) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      if (other.HasNumber) {
+        Number = other.Number;
+      }
+      if (other.HasLabel) {
+        Label = other.Label;
+      }
+      if (other.HasType) {
+        Type = other.Type;
+      }
+      if (other.HasTypeName) {
+        TypeName = other.TypeName;
+      }
+      if (other.HasExtendee) {
+        Extendee = other.Extendee;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDefaultValue) {
+        DefaultValue = other.DefaultValue;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOneofIndex) {
+        OneofIndex = other.OneofIndex;
+      }
+      if (other.HasJsonName) {
+        JsonName = other.JsonName;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptions) {
+        if (!HasOptions) {
+          Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions();
+        }
+        Options.MergeFrom(other.Options);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            Extendee = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            Number = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+            Label = (global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Label) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            Type = (global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            TypeName = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            DefaultValue = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            if (!HasOptions) {
+              Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Options);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 72: {
+            OneofIndex = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 82: {
+            JsonName = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the FieldDescriptorProto message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public enum Type {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 0 is reserved for errors.
+        /// Order is weird for historical reasons.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_DOUBLE")] Double = 1,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_FLOAT")] Float = 2,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Not ZigZag encoded.  Negative numbers take 10 bytes.  Use TYPE_SINT64 if
+        /// negative values are likely.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_INT64")] Int64 = 3,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_UINT64")] Uint64 = 4,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Not ZigZag encoded.  Negative numbers take 10 bytes.  Use TYPE_SINT32 if
+        /// negative values are likely.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_INT32")] Int32 = 5,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_FIXED64")] Fixed64 = 6,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_FIXED32")] Fixed32 = 7,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_BOOL")] Bool = 8,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_STRING")] String = 9,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tag-delimited aggregate.
+        /// Group type is deprecated and not supported in proto3. However, Proto3
+        /// implementations should still be able to parse the group wire format and
+        /// treat group fields as unknown fields.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_GROUP")] Group = 10,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Length-delimited aggregate.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_MESSAGE")] Message = 11,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// New in version 2.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_BYTES")] Bytes = 12,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_UINT32")] Uint32 = 13,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_ENUM")] Enum = 14,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_SFIXED32")] Sfixed32 = 15,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_SFIXED64")] Sfixed64 = 16,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Uses ZigZag encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_SINT32")] Sint32 = 17,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Uses ZigZag encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_SINT64")] Sint64 = 18,
+      }
+
+      public enum Label {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 0 is reserved for errors
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("LABEL_OPTIONAL")] Optional = 1,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("LABEL_REQUIRED")] Required = 2,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("LABEL_REPEATED")] Repeated = 3,
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Describes a oneof.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class OneofDescriptorProto : pb::IMessage<OneofDescriptorProto> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OneofDescriptorProto> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OneofDescriptorProto>(() => new OneofDescriptorProto());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<OneofDescriptorProto> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[5]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofDescriptorProto() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofDescriptorProto(OneofDescriptorProto other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      options_ = other.HasOptions ? other.options_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofDescriptorProto Clone() {
+      return new OneofDescriptorProto(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static string NameDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string name_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_ ?? NameDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "name" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasName {
+      get { return name_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "name" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearName() {
+      name_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 2;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofOptions options_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofOptions Options {
+      get { return options_; }
+      set {
+        options_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the options field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptions {
+      get { return options_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the options field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptions() {
+      options_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as OneofDescriptorProto);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(OneofDescriptorProto other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Options, other.Options)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasName) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptions) hash ^= Options.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasName) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteMessage(Options);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasName) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Options);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(OneofDescriptorProto other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasName) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptions) {
+        if (!HasOptions) {
+          Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofOptions();
+        }
+        Options.MergeFrom(other.Options);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            if (!HasOptions) {
+              Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.OneofOptions();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Options);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Describes an enum type.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class EnumDescriptorProto : pb::IMessage<EnumDescriptorProto> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<EnumDescriptorProto> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<EnumDescriptorProto>(() => new EnumDescriptorProto());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<EnumDescriptorProto> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[6]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumDescriptorProto() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumDescriptorProto(EnumDescriptorProto other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      value_ = other.value_.Clone();
+      options_ = other.HasOptions ? other.options_.Clone() : null;
+      reservedRange_ = other.reservedRange_.Clone();
+      reservedName_ = other.reservedName_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumDescriptorProto Clone() {
+      return new EnumDescriptorProto(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static string NameDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string name_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_ ?? NameDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "name" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasName {
+      get { return name_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "name" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearName() {
+      name_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueDescriptorProto> _repeated_value_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueDescriptorProto.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueDescriptorProto> value_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueDescriptorProto>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueDescriptorProto> Value {
+      get { return value_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 3;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumOptions options_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumOptions Options {
+      get { return options_; }
+      set {
+        options_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the options field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptions {
+      get { return options_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the options field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptions() {
+      options_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "reserved_range" field.</summary>
+    public const int ReservedRangeFieldNumber = 4;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto.Types.EnumReservedRange> _repeated_reservedRange_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(34, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto.Types.EnumReservedRange.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto.Types.EnumReservedRange> reservedRange_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto.Types.EnumReservedRange>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Range of reserved numeric values. Reserved numeric values may not be used
+    /// by enum values in the same enum declaration. Reserved ranges may not
+    /// overlap.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto.Types.EnumReservedRange> ReservedRange {
+      get { return reservedRange_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "reserved_name" field.</summary>
+    public const int ReservedNameFieldNumber = 5;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_reservedName_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(42);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> reservedName_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Reserved enum value names, which may not be reused. A given name may only
+    /// be reserved once.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> ReservedName {
+      get { return reservedName_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as EnumDescriptorProto);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(EnumDescriptorProto other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if(!value_.Equals(other.value_)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Options, other.Options)) return false;
+      if(!reservedRange_.Equals(other.reservedRange_)) return false;
+      if(!reservedName_.Equals(other.reservedName_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasName) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= value_.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptions) hash ^= Options.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= reservedRange_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= reservedName_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasName) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      value_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_value_codec);
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteMessage(Options);
+      }
+      reservedRange_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_reservedRange_codec);
+      reservedName_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_reservedName_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasName) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      size += value_.CalculateSize(_repeated_value_codec);
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Options);
+      }
+      size += reservedRange_.CalculateSize(_repeated_reservedRange_codec);
+      size += reservedName_.CalculateSize(_repeated_reservedName_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(EnumDescriptorProto other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasName) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      value_.Add(other.value_);
+      if (other.HasOptions) {
+        if (!HasOptions) {
+          Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumOptions();
+        }
+        Options.MergeFrom(other.Options);
+      }
+      reservedRange_.Add(other.reservedRange_);
+      reservedName_.Add(other.reservedName_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            value_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_value_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            if (!HasOptions) {
+              Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumOptions();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Options);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            reservedRange_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_reservedRange_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            reservedName_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_reservedName_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the EnumDescriptorProto message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Range of reserved numeric values. Reserved values may not be used by
+      /// entries in the same enum. Reserved ranges may not overlap.
+      ///
+      /// Note that this is distinct from DescriptorProto.ReservedRange in that it
+      /// is inclusive such that it can appropriately represent the entire int32
+      /// domain.
+      /// </summary>
+      public sealed partial class EnumReservedRange : pb::IMessage<EnumReservedRange> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<EnumReservedRange> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<EnumReservedRange>(() => new EnumReservedRange());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<EnumReservedRange> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumDescriptorProto.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public EnumReservedRange() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public EnumReservedRange(EnumReservedRange other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          start_ = other.start_;
+          end_ = other.end_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public EnumReservedRange Clone() {
+          return new EnumReservedRange(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "start" field.</summary>
+        public const int StartFieldNumber = 1;
+        private readonly static int StartDefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int start_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Inclusive.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int Start {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return start_; } else { return StartDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            start_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "start" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasStart {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "start" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearStart() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "end" field.</summary>
+        public const int EndFieldNumber = 2;
+        private readonly static int EndDefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int end_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Inclusive.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int End {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return end_; } else { return EndDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 2;
+            end_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "end" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasEnd {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "end" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearEnd() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as EnumReservedRange);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(EnumReservedRange other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (Start != other.Start) return false;
+          if (End != other.End) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasStart) hash ^= Start.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasEnd) hash ^= End.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasStart) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(8);
+            output.WriteInt32(Start);
+          }
+          if (HasEnd) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(16);
+            output.WriteInt32(End);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasStart) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Start);
+          }
+          if (HasEnd) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(End);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(EnumReservedRange other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasStart) {
+            Start = other.Start;
+          }
+          if (other.HasEnd) {
+            End = other.End;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 8: {
+                Start = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 16: {
+                End = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Describes a value within an enum.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class EnumValueDescriptorProto : pb::IMessage<EnumValueDescriptorProto> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<EnumValueDescriptorProto> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<EnumValueDescriptorProto>(() => new EnumValueDescriptorProto());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<EnumValueDescriptorProto> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[7]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumValueDescriptorProto() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumValueDescriptorProto(EnumValueDescriptorProto other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      number_ = other.number_;
+      options_ = other.HasOptions ? other.options_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumValueDescriptorProto Clone() {
+      return new EnumValueDescriptorProto(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static string NameDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string name_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_ ?? NameDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "name" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasName {
+      get { return name_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "name" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearName() {
+      name_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "number" field.</summary>
+    public const int NumberFieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static int NumberDefaultValue = 0;
+
+    private int number_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Number {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return number_; } else { return NumberDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        number_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "number" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasNumber {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "number" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearNumber() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 3;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueOptions options_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueOptions Options {
+      get { return options_; }
+      set {
+        options_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the options field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptions {
+      get { return options_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the options field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptions() {
+      options_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as EnumValueDescriptorProto);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(EnumValueDescriptorProto other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if (Number != other.Number) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Options, other.Options)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasName) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasNumber) hash ^= Number.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptions) hash ^= Options.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasName) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      if (HasNumber) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(Number);
+      }
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteMessage(Options);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasName) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      if (HasNumber) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Number);
+      }
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Options);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(EnumValueDescriptorProto other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasName) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      if (other.HasNumber) {
+        Number = other.Number;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptions) {
+        if (!HasOptions) {
+          Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueOptions();
+        }
+        Options.MergeFrom(other.Options);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Number = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            if (!HasOptions) {
+              Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.EnumValueOptions();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Options);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Describes a service.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class ServiceDescriptorProto : pb::IMessage<ServiceDescriptorProto> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ServiceDescriptorProto> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ServiceDescriptorProto>(() => new ServiceDescriptorProto());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ServiceDescriptorProto> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[8]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ServiceDescriptorProto() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ServiceDescriptorProto(ServiceDescriptorProto other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      method_ = other.method_.Clone();
+      options_ = other.HasOptions ? other.options_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ServiceDescriptorProto Clone() {
+      return new ServiceDescriptorProto(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static string NameDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string name_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_ ?? NameDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "name" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasName {
+      get { return name_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "name" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearName() {
+      name_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "method" field.</summary>
+    public const int MethodFieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodDescriptorProto> _repeated_method_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodDescriptorProto.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodDescriptorProto> method_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodDescriptorProto>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodDescriptorProto> Method {
+      get { return method_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 3;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceOptions options_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceOptions Options {
+      get { return options_; }
+      set {
+        options_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the options field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptions {
+      get { return options_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the options field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptions() {
+      options_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ServiceDescriptorProto);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ServiceDescriptorProto other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if(!method_.Equals(other.method_)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Options, other.Options)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasName) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= method_.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptions) hash ^= Options.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasName) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      method_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_method_codec);
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteMessage(Options);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasName) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      size += method_.CalculateSize(_repeated_method_codec);
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Options);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ServiceDescriptorProto other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasName) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      method_.Add(other.method_);
+      if (other.HasOptions) {
+        if (!HasOptions) {
+          Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceOptions();
+        }
+        Options.MergeFrom(other.Options);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            method_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_method_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            if (!HasOptions) {
+              Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.ServiceOptions();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Options);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Describes a method of a service.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class MethodDescriptorProto : pb::IMessage<MethodDescriptorProto> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<MethodDescriptorProto> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<MethodDescriptorProto>(() => new MethodDescriptorProto());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<MethodDescriptorProto> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[9]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MethodDescriptorProto() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MethodDescriptorProto(MethodDescriptorProto other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      inputType_ = other.inputType_;
+      outputType_ = other.outputType_;
+      options_ = other.HasOptions ? other.options_.Clone() : null;
+      clientStreaming_ = other.clientStreaming_;
+      serverStreaming_ = other.serverStreaming_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MethodDescriptorProto Clone() {
+      return new MethodDescriptorProto(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static string NameDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string name_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_ ?? NameDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "name" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasName {
+      get { return name_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "name" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearName() {
+      name_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "input_type" field.</summary>
+    public const int InputTypeFieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static string InputTypeDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string inputType_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Input and output type names.  These are resolved in the same way as
+    /// FieldDescriptorProto.type_name, but must refer to a message type.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string InputType {
+      get { return inputType_ ?? InputTypeDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        inputType_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "input_type" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasInputType {
+      get { return inputType_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "input_type" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearInputType() {
+      inputType_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "output_type" field.</summary>
+    public const int OutputTypeFieldNumber = 3;
+    private readonly static string OutputTypeDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string outputType_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string OutputType {
+      get { return outputType_ ?? OutputTypeDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        outputType_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "output_type" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOutputType {
+      get { return outputType_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "output_type" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOutputType() {
+      outputType_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 4;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions options_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions Options {
+      get { return options_; }
+      set {
+        options_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the options field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptions {
+      get { return options_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the options field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptions() {
+      options_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "client_streaming" field.</summary>
+    public const int ClientStreamingFieldNumber = 5;
+    private readonly static bool ClientStreamingDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool clientStreaming_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Identifies if client streams multiple client messages
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool ClientStreaming {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return clientStreaming_; } else { return ClientStreamingDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        clientStreaming_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "client_streaming" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasClientStreaming {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "client_streaming" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearClientStreaming() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "server_streaming" field.</summary>
+    public const int ServerStreamingFieldNumber = 6;
+    private readonly static bool ServerStreamingDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool serverStreaming_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Identifies if server streams multiple server messages
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool ServerStreaming {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return serverStreaming_; } else { return ServerStreamingDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        serverStreaming_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "server_streaming" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasServerStreaming {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "server_streaming" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearServerStreaming() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as MethodDescriptorProto);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(MethodDescriptorProto other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if (InputType != other.InputType) return false;
+      if (OutputType != other.OutputType) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Options, other.Options)) return false;
+      if (ClientStreaming != other.ClientStreaming) return false;
+      if (ServerStreaming != other.ServerStreaming) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasName) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasInputType) hash ^= InputType.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOutputType) hash ^= OutputType.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptions) hash ^= Options.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasClientStreaming) hash ^= ClientStreaming.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasServerStreaming) hash ^= ServerStreaming.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasName) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      if (HasInputType) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(InputType);
+      }
+      if (HasOutputType) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteString(OutputType);
+      }
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(34);
+        output.WriteMessage(Options);
+      }
+      if (HasClientStreaming) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteBool(ClientStreaming);
+      }
+      if (HasServerStreaming) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(48);
+        output.WriteBool(ServerStreaming);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasName) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      if (HasInputType) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(InputType);
+      }
+      if (HasOutputType) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(OutputType);
+      }
+      if (HasOptions) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Options);
+      }
+      if (HasClientStreaming) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasServerStreaming) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(MethodDescriptorProto other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasName) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      if (other.HasInputType) {
+        InputType = other.InputType;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOutputType) {
+        OutputType = other.OutputType;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptions) {
+        if (!HasOptions) {
+          Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions();
+        }
+        Options.MergeFrom(other.Options);
+      }
+      if (other.HasClientStreaming) {
+        ClientStreaming = other.ClientStreaming;
+      }
+      if (other.HasServerStreaming) {
+        ServerStreaming = other.ServerStreaming;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            InputType = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            OutputType = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            if (!HasOptions) {
+              Options = new global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Options);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            ClientStreaming = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 48: {
+            ServerStreaming = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class FileOptions : pb::IExtendableMessage<FileOptions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FileOptions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FileOptions>(() => new FileOptions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    internal pb::ExtensionSet<FileOptions> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<FileOptions> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FileOptions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[10]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FileOptions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FileOptions(FileOptions other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      javaPackage_ = other.javaPackage_;
+      javaOuterClassname_ = other.javaOuterClassname_;
+      javaMultipleFiles_ = other.javaMultipleFiles_;
+      javaGenerateEqualsAndHash_ = other.javaGenerateEqualsAndHash_;
+      javaStringCheckUtf8_ = other.javaStringCheckUtf8_;
+      optimizeFor_ = other.optimizeFor_;
+      goPackage_ = other.goPackage_;
+      ccGenericServices_ = other.ccGenericServices_;
+      javaGenericServices_ = other.javaGenericServices_;
+      pyGenericServices_ = other.pyGenericServices_;
+      phpGenericServices_ = other.phpGenericServices_;
+      deprecated_ = other.deprecated_;
+      ccEnableArenas_ = other.ccEnableArenas_;
+      objcClassPrefix_ = other.objcClassPrefix_;
+      csharpNamespace_ = other.csharpNamespace_;
+      swiftPrefix_ = other.swiftPrefix_;
+      phpClassPrefix_ = other.phpClassPrefix_;
+      phpNamespace_ = other.phpNamespace_;
+      phpMetadataNamespace_ = other.phpMetadataNamespace_;
+      rubyPackage_ = other.rubyPackage_;
+      uninterpretedOption_ = other.uninterpretedOption_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FileOptions Clone() {
+      return new FileOptions(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "java_package" field.</summary>
+    public const int JavaPackageFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static string JavaPackageDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string javaPackage_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sets the Java package where classes generated from this .proto will be
+    /// placed.  By default, the proto package is used, but this is often
+    /// inappropriate because proto packages do not normally start with backwards
+    /// domain names.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string JavaPackage {
+      get { return javaPackage_ ?? JavaPackageDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        javaPackage_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "java_package" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasJavaPackage {
+      get { return javaPackage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "java_package" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearJavaPackage() {
+      javaPackage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "java_outer_classname" field.</summary>
+    public const int JavaOuterClassnameFieldNumber = 8;
+    private readonly static string JavaOuterClassnameDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string javaOuterClassname_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// If set, all the classes from the .proto file are wrapped in a single
+    /// outer class with the given name.  This applies to both Proto1
+    /// (equivalent to the old "--one_java_file" option) and Proto2 (where
+    /// a .proto always translates to a single class, but you may want to
+    /// explicitly choose the class name).
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string JavaOuterClassname {
+      get { return javaOuterClassname_ ?? JavaOuterClassnameDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        javaOuterClassname_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "java_outer_classname" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasJavaOuterClassname {
+      get { return javaOuterClassname_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "java_outer_classname" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearJavaOuterClassname() {
+      javaOuterClassname_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "java_multiple_files" field.</summary>
+    public const int JavaMultipleFilesFieldNumber = 10;
+    private readonly static bool JavaMultipleFilesDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool javaMultipleFiles_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// If set true, then the Java code generator will generate a separate .java
+    /// file for each top-level message, enum, and service defined in the .proto
+    /// file.  Thus, these types will *not* be nested inside the outer class
+    /// named by java_outer_classname.  However, the outer class will still be
+    /// generated to contain the file's getDescriptor() method as well as any
+    /// top-level extensions defined in the file.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool JavaMultipleFiles {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return javaMultipleFiles_; } else { return JavaMultipleFilesDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        javaMultipleFiles_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "java_multiple_files" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasJavaMultipleFiles {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "java_multiple_files" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearJavaMultipleFiles() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "java_generate_equals_and_hash" field.</summary>
+    public const int JavaGenerateEqualsAndHashFieldNumber = 20;
+    private readonly static bool JavaGenerateEqualsAndHashDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool javaGenerateEqualsAndHash_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// This option does nothing.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool JavaGenerateEqualsAndHash {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 32) != 0) { return javaGenerateEqualsAndHash_; } else { return JavaGenerateEqualsAndHashDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 32;
+        javaGenerateEqualsAndHash_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "java_generate_equals_and_hash" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasJavaGenerateEqualsAndHash {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 32) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "java_generate_equals_and_hash" field</summary>
+    [global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearJavaGenerateEqualsAndHash() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~32;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "java_string_check_utf8" field.</summary>
+    public const int JavaStringCheckUtf8FieldNumber = 27;
+    private readonly static bool JavaStringCheckUtf8DefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool javaStringCheckUtf8_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// If set true, then the Java2 code generator will generate code that
+    /// throws an exception whenever an attempt is made to assign a non-UTF-8
+    /// byte sequence to a string field.
+    /// Message reflection will do the same.
+    /// However, an extension field still accepts non-UTF-8 byte sequences.
+    /// This option has no effect on when used with the lite runtime.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool JavaStringCheckUtf8 {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 128) != 0) { return javaStringCheckUtf8_; } else { return JavaStringCheckUtf8DefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 128;
+        javaStringCheckUtf8_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "java_string_check_utf8" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasJavaStringCheckUtf8 {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 128) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "java_string_check_utf8" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearJavaStringCheckUtf8() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~128;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "optimize_for" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptimizeForFieldNumber = 9;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions.Types.OptimizeMode OptimizeForDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions.Types.OptimizeMode.Speed;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions.Types.OptimizeMode optimizeFor_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions.Types.OptimizeMode OptimizeFor {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return optimizeFor_; } else { return OptimizeForDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        optimizeFor_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "optimize_for" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasOptimizeFor {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "optimize_for" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearOptimizeFor() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "go_package" field.</summary>
+    public const int GoPackageFieldNumber = 11;
+    private readonly static string GoPackageDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string goPackage_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sets the Go package where structs generated from this .proto will be
+    /// placed. If omitted, the Go package will be derived from the following:
+    ///   - The basename of the package import path, if provided.
+    ///   - Otherwise, the package statement in the .proto file, if present.
+    ///   - Otherwise, the basename of the .proto file, without extension.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string GoPackage {
+      get { return goPackage_ ?? GoPackageDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        goPackage_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "go_package" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasGoPackage {
+      get { return goPackage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "go_package" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearGoPackage() {
+      goPackage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "cc_generic_services" field.</summary>
+    public const int CcGenericServicesFieldNumber = 16;
+    private readonly static bool CcGenericServicesDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool ccGenericServices_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Should generic services be generated in each language?  "Generic" services
+    /// are not specific to any particular RPC system.  They are generated by the
+    /// main code generators in each language (without additional plugins).
+    /// Generic services were the only kind of service generation supported by
+    /// early versions of google.protobuf.
+    ///
+    /// Generic services are now considered deprecated in favor of using plugins
+    /// that generate code specific to your particular RPC system.  Therefore,
+    /// these default to false.  Old code which depends on generic services should
+    /// explicitly set them to true.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool CcGenericServices {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4) != 0) { return ccGenericServices_; } else { return CcGenericServicesDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4;
+        ccGenericServices_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "cc_generic_services" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasCcGenericServices {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "cc_generic_services" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearCcGenericServices() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "java_generic_services" field.</summary>
+    public const int JavaGenericServicesFieldNumber = 17;
+    private readonly static bool JavaGenericServicesDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool javaGenericServices_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool JavaGenericServices {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8) != 0) { return javaGenericServices_; } else { return JavaGenericServicesDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8;
+        javaGenericServices_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "java_generic_services" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasJavaGenericServices {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "java_generic_services" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearJavaGenericServices() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "py_generic_services" field.</summary>
+    public const int PyGenericServicesFieldNumber = 18;
+    private readonly static bool PyGenericServicesDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool pyGenericServices_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool PyGenericServices {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16) != 0) { return pyGenericServices_; } else { return PyGenericServicesDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16;
+        pyGenericServices_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "py_generic_services" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasPyGenericServices {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "py_generic_services" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearPyGenericServices() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "php_generic_services" field.</summary>
+    public const int PhpGenericServicesFieldNumber = 42;
+    private readonly static bool PhpGenericServicesDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool phpGenericServices_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool PhpGenericServices {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 512) != 0) { return phpGenericServices_; } else { return PhpGenericServicesDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 512;
+        phpGenericServices_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "php_generic_services" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasPhpGenericServices {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 512) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "php_generic_services" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearPhpGenericServices() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~512;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "deprecated" field.</summary>
+    public const int DeprecatedFieldNumber = 23;
+    private readonly static bool DeprecatedDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool deprecated_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Is this file deprecated?
+    /// Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+    /// for everything in the file, or it will be completely ignored; in the very
+    /// least, this is a formalization for deprecating files.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Deprecated {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 64) != 0) { return deprecated_; } else { return DeprecatedDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 64;
+        deprecated_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "deprecated" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDeprecated {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 64) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "deprecated" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDeprecated() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~64;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "cc_enable_arenas" field.</summary>
+    public const int CcEnableArenasFieldNumber = 31;
+    private readonly static bool CcEnableArenasDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool ccEnableArenas_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Enables the use of arenas for the proto messages in this file. This applies
+    /// only to generated classes for C++.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool CcEnableArenas {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 256) != 0) { return ccEnableArenas_; } else { return CcEnableArenasDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 256;
+        ccEnableArenas_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "cc_enable_arenas" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasCcEnableArenas {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 256) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "cc_enable_arenas" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearCcEnableArenas() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~256;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "objc_class_prefix" field.</summary>
+    public const int ObjcClassPrefixFieldNumber = 36;
+    private readonly static string ObjcClassPrefixDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string objcClassPrefix_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sets the objective c class prefix which is prepended to all objective c
+    /// generated classes from this .proto. There is no default.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string ObjcClassPrefix {
+      get { return objcClassPrefix_ ?? ObjcClassPrefixDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        objcClassPrefix_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "objc_class_prefix" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasObjcClassPrefix {
+      get { return objcClassPrefix_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "objc_class_prefix" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearObjcClassPrefix() {
+      objcClassPrefix_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "csharp_namespace" field.</summary>
+    public const int CsharpNamespaceFieldNumber = 37;
+    private readonly static string CsharpNamespaceDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string csharpNamespace_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Namespace for generated classes; defaults to the package.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string CsharpNamespace {
+      get { return csharpNamespace_ ?? CsharpNamespaceDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        csharpNamespace_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "csharp_namespace" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasCsharpNamespace {
+      get { return csharpNamespace_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "csharp_namespace" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearCsharpNamespace() {
+      csharpNamespace_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "swift_prefix" field.</summary>
+    public const int SwiftPrefixFieldNumber = 39;
+    private readonly static string SwiftPrefixDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string swiftPrefix_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// By default Swift generators will take the proto package and CamelCase it
+    /// replacing '.' with underscore and use that to prefix the types/symbols
+    /// defined. When this options is provided, they will use this value instead
+    /// to prefix the types/symbols defined.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string SwiftPrefix {
+      get { return swiftPrefix_ ?? SwiftPrefixDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        swiftPrefix_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "swift_prefix" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasSwiftPrefix {
+      get { return swiftPrefix_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "swift_prefix" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearSwiftPrefix() {
+      swiftPrefix_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "php_class_prefix" field.</summary>
+    public const int PhpClassPrefixFieldNumber = 40;
+    private readonly static string PhpClassPrefixDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string phpClassPrefix_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sets the php class prefix which is prepended to all php generated classes
+    /// from this .proto. Default is empty.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string PhpClassPrefix {
+      get { return phpClassPrefix_ ?? PhpClassPrefixDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        phpClassPrefix_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "php_class_prefix" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasPhpClassPrefix {
+      get { return phpClassPrefix_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "php_class_prefix" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearPhpClassPrefix() {
+      phpClassPrefix_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "php_namespace" field.</summary>
+    public const int PhpNamespaceFieldNumber = 41;
+    private readonly static string PhpNamespaceDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string phpNamespace_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Use this option to change the namespace of php generated classes. Default
+    /// is empty. When this option is empty, the package name will be used for
+    /// determining the namespace.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string PhpNamespace {
+      get { return phpNamespace_ ?? PhpNamespaceDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        phpNamespace_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "php_namespace" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasPhpNamespace {
+      get { return phpNamespace_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "php_namespace" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearPhpNamespace() {
+      phpNamespace_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "php_metadata_namespace" field.</summary>
+    public const int PhpMetadataNamespaceFieldNumber = 44;
+    private readonly static string PhpMetadataNamespaceDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string phpMetadataNamespace_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Use this option to change the namespace of php generated metadata classes.
+    /// Default is empty. When this option is empty, the proto file name will be
+    /// used for determining the namespace.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string PhpMetadataNamespace {
+      get { return phpMetadataNamespace_ ?? PhpMetadataNamespaceDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        phpMetadataNamespace_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "php_metadata_namespace" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasPhpMetadataNamespace {
+      get { return phpMetadataNamespace_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "php_metadata_namespace" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearPhpMetadataNamespace() {
+      phpMetadataNamespace_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "ruby_package" field.</summary>
+    public const int RubyPackageFieldNumber = 45;
+    private readonly static string RubyPackageDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string rubyPackage_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Use this option to change the package of ruby generated classes. Default
+    /// is empty. When this option is not set, the package name will be used for
+    /// determining the ruby package.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string RubyPackage {
+      get { return rubyPackage_ ?? RubyPackageDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        rubyPackage_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "ruby_package" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasRubyPackage {
+      get { return rubyPackage_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "ruby_package" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearRubyPackage() {
+      rubyPackage_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uninterpreted_option" field.</summary>
+    public const int UninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(7994, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> uninterpretedOption_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here.
+    /// See the documentation for the "Options" section above.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> UninterpretedOption {
+      get { return uninterpretedOption_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FileOptions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FileOptions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (JavaPackage != other.JavaPackage) return false;
+      if (JavaOuterClassname != other.JavaOuterClassname) return false;
+      if (JavaMultipleFiles != other.JavaMultipleFiles) return false;
+      if (JavaGenerateEqualsAndHash != other.JavaGenerateEqualsAndHash) return false;
+      if (JavaStringCheckUtf8 != other.JavaStringCheckUtf8) return false;
+      if (OptimizeFor != other.OptimizeFor) return false;
+      if (GoPackage != other.GoPackage) return false;
+      if (CcGenericServices != other.CcGenericServices) return false;
+      if (JavaGenericServices != other.JavaGenericServices) return false;
+      if (PyGenericServices != other.PyGenericServices) return false;
+      if (PhpGenericServices != other.PhpGenericServices) return false;
+      if (Deprecated != other.Deprecated) return false;
+      if (CcEnableArenas != other.CcEnableArenas) return false;
+      if (ObjcClassPrefix != other.ObjcClassPrefix) return false;
+      if (CsharpNamespace != other.CsharpNamespace) return false;
+      if (SwiftPrefix != other.SwiftPrefix) return false;
+      if (PhpClassPrefix != other.PhpClassPrefix) return false;
+      if (PhpNamespace != other.PhpNamespace) return false;
+      if (PhpMetadataNamespace != other.PhpMetadataNamespace) return false;
+      if (RubyPackage != other.RubyPackage) return false;
+      if(!uninterpretedOption_.Equals(other.uninterpretedOption_)) return false;
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasJavaPackage) hash ^= JavaPackage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasJavaOuterClassname) hash ^= JavaOuterClassname.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasJavaMultipleFiles) hash ^= JavaMultipleFiles.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasJavaGenerateEqualsAndHash) hash ^= JavaGenerateEqualsAndHash.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasJavaStringCheckUtf8) hash ^= JavaStringCheckUtf8.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasOptimizeFor) hash ^= OptimizeFor.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasGoPackage) hash ^= GoPackage.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasCcGenericServices) hash ^= CcGenericServices.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasJavaGenericServices) hash ^= JavaGenericServices.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasPyGenericServices) hash ^= PyGenericServices.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasPhpGenericServices) hash ^= PhpGenericServices.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDeprecated) hash ^= Deprecated.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasCcEnableArenas) hash ^= CcEnableArenas.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasObjcClassPrefix) hash ^= ObjcClassPrefix.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasCsharpNamespace) hash ^= CsharpNamespace.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasSwiftPrefix) hash ^= SwiftPrefix.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasPhpClassPrefix) hash ^= PhpClassPrefix.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasPhpNamespace) hash ^= PhpNamespace.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasPhpMetadataNamespace) hash ^= PhpMetadataNamespace.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasRubyPackage) hash ^= RubyPackage.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= uninterpretedOption_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasJavaPackage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(JavaPackage);
+      }
+      if (HasJavaOuterClassname) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(66);
+        output.WriteString(JavaOuterClassname);
+      }
+      if (HasOptimizeFor) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(72);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) OptimizeFor);
+      }
+      if (HasJavaMultipleFiles) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(80);
+        output.WriteBool(JavaMultipleFiles);
+      }
+      if (HasGoPackage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(90);
+        output.WriteString(GoPackage);
+      }
+      if (HasCcGenericServices) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(128, 1);
+        output.WriteBool(CcGenericServices);
+      }
+      if (HasJavaGenericServices) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 1);
+        output.WriteBool(JavaGenericServices);
+      }
+      if (HasPyGenericServices) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(144, 1);
+        output.WriteBool(PyGenericServices);
+      }
+      if (HasJavaGenerateEqualsAndHash) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(160, 1);
+        output.WriteBool(JavaGenerateEqualsAndHash);
+      }
+      if (HasDeprecated) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(184, 1);
+        output.WriteBool(Deprecated);
+      }
+      if (HasJavaStringCheckUtf8) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(216, 1);
+        output.WriteBool(JavaStringCheckUtf8);
+      }
+      if (HasCcEnableArenas) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(248, 1);
+        output.WriteBool(CcEnableArenas);
+      }
+      if (HasObjcClassPrefix) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(162, 2);
+        output.WriteString(ObjcClassPrefix);
+      }
+      if (HasCsharpNamespace) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(170, 2);
+        output.WriteString(CsharpNamespace);
+      }
+      if (HasSwiftPrefix) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(186, 2);
+        output.WriteString(SwiftPrefix);
+      }
+      if (HasPhpClassPrefix) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(194, 2);
+        output.WriteString(PhpClassPrefix);
+      }
+      if (HasPhpNamespace) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(202, 2);
+        output.WriteString(PhpNamespace);
+      }
+      if (HasPhpGenericServices) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(208, 2);
+        output.WriteBool(PhpGenericServices);
+      }
+      if (HasPhpMetadataNamespace) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(226, 2);
+        output.WriteString(PhpMetadataNamespace);
+      }
+      if (HasRubyPackage) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(234, 2);
+        output.WriteString(RubyPackage);
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasJavaPackage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(JavaPackage);
+      }
+      if (HasJavaOuterClassname) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(JavaOuterClassname);
+      }
+      if (HasJavaMultipleFiles) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasJavaGenerateEqualsAndHash) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasJavaStringCheckUtf8) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasOptimizeFor) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) OptimizeFor);
+      }
+      if (HasGoPackage) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(GoPackage);
+      }
+      if (HasCcGenericServices) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasJavaGenericServices) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasPyGenericServices) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasPhpGenericServices) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasDeprecated) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasCcEnableArenas) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasObjcClassPrefix) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(ObjcClassPrefix);
+      }
+      if (HasCsharpNamespace) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(CsharpNamespace);
+      }
+      if (HasSwiftPrefix) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(SwiftPrefix);
+      }
+      if (HasPhpClassPrefix) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(PhpClassPrefix);
+      }
+      if (HasPhpNamespace) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(PhpNamespace);
+      }
+      if (HasPhpMetadataNamespace) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(PhpMetadataNamespace);
+      }
+      if (HasRubyPackage) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(RubyPackage);
+      }
+      size += uninterpretedOption_.CalculateSize(_repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FileOptions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasJavaPackage) {
+        JavaPackage = other.JavaPackage;
+      }
+      if (other.HasJavaOuterClassname) {
+        JavaOuterClassname = other.JavaOuterClassname;
+      }
+      if (other.HasJavaMultipleFiles) {
+        JavaMultipleFiles = other.JavaMultipleFiles;
+      }
+      if (other.HasJavaGenerateEqualsAndHash) {
+        JavaGenerateEqualsAndHash = other.JavaGenerateEqualsAndHash;
+      }
+      if (other.HasJavaStringCheckUtf8) {
+        JavaStringCheckUtf8 = other.JavaStringCheckUtf8;
+      }
+      if (other.HasOptimizeFor) {
+        OptimizeFor = other.OptimizeFor;
+      }
+      if (other.HasGoPackage) {
+        GoPackage = other.GoPackage;
+      }
+      if (other.HasCcGenericServices) {
+        CcGenericServices = other.CcGenericServices;
+      }
+      if (other.HasJavaGenericServices) {
+        JavaGenericServices = other.JavaGenericServices;
+      }
+      if (other.HasPyGenericServices) {
+        PyGenericServices = other.PyGenericServices;
+      }
+      if (other.HasPhpGenericServices) {
+        PhpGenericServices = other.PhpGenericServices;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDeprecated) {
+        Deprecated = other.Deprecated;
+      }
+      if (other.HasCcEnableArenas) {
+        CcEnableArenas = other.CcEnableArenas;
+      }
+      if (other.HasObjcClassPrefix) {
+        ObjcClassPrefix = other.ObjcClassPrefix;
+      }
+      if (other.HasCsharpNamespace) {
+        CsharpNamespace = other.CsharpNamespace;
+      }
+      if (other.HasSwiftPrefix) {
+        SwiftPrefix = other.SwiftPrefix;
+      }
+      if (other.HasPhpClassPrefix) {
+        PhpClassPrefix = other.PhpClassPrefix;
+      }
+      if (other.HasPhpNamespace) {
+        PhpNamespace = other.PhpNamespace;
+      }
+      if (other.HasPhpMetadataNamespace) {
+        PhpMetadataNamespace = other.PhpMetadataNamespace;
+      }
+      if (other.HasRubyPackage) {
+        RubyPackage = other.RubyPackage;
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.Add(other.uninterpretedOption_);
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            JavaPackage = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            JavaOuterClassname = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 72: {
+            OptimizeFor = (global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FileOptions.Types.OptimizeMode) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 80: {
+            JavaMultipleFiles = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 90: {
+            GoPackage = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 128: {
+            CcGenericServices = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 136: {
+            JavaGenericServices = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 144: {
+            PyGenericServices = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 160: {
+            JavaGenerateEqualsAndHash = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 184: {
+            Deprecated = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 216: {
+            JavaStringCheckUtf8 = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 248: {
+            CcEnableArenas = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 290: {
+            ObjcClassPrefix = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 298: {
+            CsharpNamespace = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 314: {
+            SwiftPrefix = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 322: {
+            PhpClassPrefix = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 330: {
+            PhpNamespace = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 336: {
+            PhpGenericServices = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 354: {
+            PhpMetadataNamespace = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 362: {
+            RubyPackage = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 7994: {
+            uninterpretedOption_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<FileOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<FileOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<FileOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<FileOptions, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<FileOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<FileOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<FileOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the FileOptions message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Generated classes can be optimized for speed or code size.
+      /// </summary>
+      public enum OptimizeMode {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generate complete code for parsing, serialization,
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("SPEED")] Speed = 1,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// etc.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("CODE_SIZE")] CodeSize = 2,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generate code using MessageLite and the lite runtime.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("LITE_RUNTIME")] LiteRuntime = 3,
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class MessageOptions : pb::IExtendableMessage<MessageOptions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<MessageOptions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<MessageOptions>(() => new MessageOptions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    internal pb::ExtensionSet<MessageOptions> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<MessageOptions> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<MessageOptions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[11]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MessageOptions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MessageOptions(MessageOptions other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      messageSetWireFormat_ = other.messageSetWireFormat_;
+      noStandardDescriptorAccessor_ = other.noStandardDescriptorAccessor_;
+      deprecated_ = other.deprecated_;
+      mapEntry_ = other.mapEntry_;
+      uninterpretedOption_ = other.uninterpretedOption_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MessageOptions Clone() {
+      return new MessageOptions(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "message_set_wire_format" field.</summary>
+    public const int MessageSetWireFormatFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static bool MessageSetWireFormatDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool messageSetWireFormat_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Set true to use the old proto1 MessageSet wire format for extensions.
+    /// This is provided for backwards-compatibility with the MessageSet wire
+    /// format.  You should not use this for any other reason:  It's less
+    /// efficient, has fewer features, and is more complicated.
+    ///
+    /// The message must be defined exactly as follows:
+    ///   message Foo {
+    ///     option message_set_wire_format = true;
+    ///     extensions 4 to max;
+    ///   }
+    /// Note that the message cannot have any defined fields; MessageSets only
+    /// have extensions.
+    ///
+    /// All extensions of your type must be singular messages; e.g. they cannot
+    /// be int32s, enums, or repeated messages.
+    ///
+    /// Because this is an option, the above two restrictions are not enforced by
+    /// the protocol compiler.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool MessageSetWireFormat {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return messageSetWireFormat_; } else { return MessageSetWireFormatDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        messageSetWireFormat_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "message_set_wire_format" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasMessageSetWireFormat {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "message_set_wire_format" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearMessageSetWireFormat() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "no_standard_descriptor_accessor" field.</summary>
+    public const int NoStandardDescriptorAccessorFieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static bool NoStandardDescriptorAccessorDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool noStandardDescriptorAccessor_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Disables the generation of the standard "descriptor()" accessor, which can
+    /// conflict with a field of the same name.  This is meant to make migration
+    /// from proto1 easier; new code should avoid fields named "descriptor".
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool NoStandardDescriptorAccessor {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return noStandardDescriptorAccessor_; } else { return NoStandardDescriptorAccessorDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        noStandardDescriptorAccessor_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "no_standard_descriptor_accessor" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasNoStandardDescriptorAccessor {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "no_standard_descriptor_accessor" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearNoStandardDescriptorAccessor() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "deprecated" field.</summary>
+    public const int DeprecatedFieldNumber = 3;
+    private readonly static bool DeprecatedDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool deprecated_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Is this message deprecated?
+    /// Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+    /// for the message, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+    /// this is a formalization for deprecating messages.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Deprecated {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4) != 0) { return deprecated_; } else { return DeprecatedDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4;
+        deprecated_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "deprecated" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDeprecated {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "deprecated" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDeprecated() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "map_entry" field.</summary>
+    public const int MapEntryFieldNumber = 7;
+    private readonly static bool MapEntryDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool mapEntry_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether the message is an automatically generated map entry type for the
+    /// maps field.
+    ///
+    /// For maps fields:
+    ///     map&lt;KeyType, ValueType> map_field = 1;
+    /// The parsed descriptor looks like:
+    ///     message MapFieldEntry {
+    ///         option map_entry = true;
+    ///         optional KeyType key = 1;
+    ///         optional ValueType value = 2;
+    ///     }
+    ///     repeated MapFieldEntry map_field = 1;
+    ///
+    /// Implementations may choose not to generate the map_entry=true message, but
+    /// use a native map in the target language to hold the keys and values.
+    /// The reflection APIs in such implementations still need to work as
+    /// if the field is a repeated message field.
+    ///
+    /// NOTE: Do not set the option in .proto files. Always use the maps syntax
+    /// instead. The option should only be implicitly set by the proto compiler
+    /// parser.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool MapEntry {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8) != 0) { return mapEntry_; } else { return MapEntryDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8;
+        mapEntry_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "map_entry" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasMapEntry {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "map_entry" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearMapEntry() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uninterpreted_option" field.</summary>
+    public const int UninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(7994, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> uninterpretedOption_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> UninterpretedOption {
+      get { return uninterpretedOption_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as MessageOptions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(MessageOptions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (MessageSetWireFormat != other.MessageSetWireFormat) return false;
+      if (NoStandardDescriptorAccessor != other.NoStandardDescriptorAccessor) return false;
+      if (Deprecated != other.Deprecated) return false;
+      if (MapEntry != other.MapEntry) return false;
+      if(!uninterpretedOption_.Equals(other.uninterpretedOption_)) return false;
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasMessageSetWireFormat) hash ^= MessageSetWireFormat.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasNoStandardDescriptorAccessor) hash ^= NoStandardDescriptorAccessor.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDeprecated) hash ^= Deprecated.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasMapEntry) hash ^= MapEntry.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= uninterpretedOption_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasMessageSetWireFormat) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteBool(MessageSetWireFormat);
+      }
+      if (HasNoStandardDescriptorAccessor) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteBool(NoStandardDescriptorAccessor);
+      }
+      if (HasDeprecated) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteBool(Deprecated);
+      }
+      if (HasMapEntry) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(56);
+        output.WriteBool(MapEntry);
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasMessageSetWireFormat) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasNoStandardDescriptorAccessor) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasDeprecated) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasMapEntry) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      size += uninterpretedOption_.CalculateSize(_repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(MessageOptions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasMessageSetWireFormat) {
+        MessageSetWireFormat = other.MessageSetWireFormat;
+      }
+      if (other.HasNoStandardDescriptorAccessor) {
+        NoStandardDescriptorAccessor = other.NoStandardDescriptorAccessor;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDeprecated) {
+        Deprecated = other.Deprecated;
+      }
+      if (other.HasMapEntry) {
+        MapEntry = other.MapEntry;
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.Add(other.uninterpretedOption_);
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            MessageSetWireFormat = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            NoStandardDescriptorAccessor = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            Deprecated = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 56: {
+            MapEntry = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 7994: {
+            uninterpretedOption_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<MessageOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<MessageOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<MessageOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<MessageOptions, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<MessageOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<MessageOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<MessageOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class FieldOptions : pb::IExtendableMessage<FieldOptions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FieldOptions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FieldOptions>(() => new FieldOptions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    internal pb::ExtensionSet<FieldOptions> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<FieldOptions> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FieldOptions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[12]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FieldOptions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FieldOptions(FieldOptions other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      ctype_ = other.ctype_;
+      packed_ = other.packed_;
+      jstype_ = other.jstype_;
+      lazy_ = other.lazy_;
+      deprecated_ = other.deprecated_;
+      weak_ = other.weak_;
+      uninterpretedOption_ = other.uninterpretedOption_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FieldOptions Clone() {
+      return new FieldOptions(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "ctype" field.</summary>
+    public const int CtypeFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions.Types.CType CtypeDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions.Types.CType.String;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions.Types.CType ctype_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The ctype option instructs the C++ code generator to use a different
+    /// representation of the field than it normally would.  See the specific
+    /// options below.  This option is not yet implemented in the open source
+    /// release -- sorry, we'll try to include it in a future version!
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions.Types.CType Ctype {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return ctype_; } else { return CtypeDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        ctype_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "ctype" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasCtype {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "ctype" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearCtype() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedFieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static bool PackedDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool packed_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The packed option can be enabled for repeated primitive fields to enable
+    /// a more efficient representation on the wire. Rather than repeatedly
+    /// writing the tag and type for each element, the entire array is encoded as
+    /// a single length-delimited blob. In proto3, only explicit setting it to
+    /// false will avoid using packed encoding.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Packed {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return packed_; } else { return PackedDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        packed_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "packed" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasPacked {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "packed" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearPacked() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "jstype" field.</summary>
+    public const int JstypeFieldNumber = 6;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions.Types.JSType JstypeDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions.Types.JSType.JsNormal;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions.Types.JSType jstype_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The jstype option determines the JavaScript type used for values of the
+    /// field.  The option is permitted only for 64 bit integral and fixed types
+    /// (int64, uint64, sint64, fixed64, sfixed64).  A field with jstype JS_STRING
+    /// is represented as JavaScript string, which avoids loss of precision that
+    /// can happen when a large value is converted to a floating point JavaScript.
+    /// Specifying JS_NUMBER for the jstype causes the generated JavaScript code to
+    /// use the JavaScript "number" type.  The behavior of the default option
+    /// JS_NORMAL is implementation dependent.
+    ///
+    /// This option is an enum to permit additional types to be added, e.g.
+    /// goog.math.Integer.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions.Types.JSType Jstype {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 16) != 0) { return jstype_; } else { return JstypeDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 16;
+        jstype_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "jstype" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasJstype {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 16) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "jstype" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearJstype() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~16;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "lazy" field.</summary>
+    public const int LazyFieldNumber = 5;
+    private readonly static bool LazyDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool lazy_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Should this field be parsed lazily?  Lazy applies only to message-type
+    /// fields.  It means that when the outer message is initially parsed, the
+    /// inner message's contents will not be parsed but instead stored in encoded
+    /// form.  The inner message will actually be parsed when it is first accessed.
+    ///
+    /// This is only a hint.  Implementations are free to choose whether to use
+    /// eager or lazy parsing regardless of the value of this option.  However,
+    /// setting this option true suggests that the protocol author believes that
+    /// using lazy parsing on this field is worth the additional bookkeeping
+    /// overhead typically needed to implement it.
+    ///
+    /// This option does not affect the public interface of any generated code;
+    /// all method signatures remain the same.  Furthermore, thread-safety of the
+    /// interface is not affected by this option; const methods remain safe to
+    /// call from multiple threads concurrently, while non-const methods continue
+    /// to require exclusive access.
+    ///
+    /// Note that implementations may choose not to check required fields within
+    /// a lazy sub-message.  That is, calling IsInitialized() on the outer message
+    /// may return true even if the inner message has missing required fields.
+    /// This is necessary because otherwise the inner message would have to be
+    /// parsed in order to perform the check, defeating the purpose of lazy
+    /// parsing.  An implementation which chooses not to check required fields
+    /// must be consistent about it.  That is, for any particular sub-message, the
+    /// implementation must either *always* check its required fields, or *never*
+    /// check its required fields, regardless of whether or not the message has
+    /// been parsed.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Lazy {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 8) != 0) { return lazy_; } else { return LazyDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 8;
+        lazy_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "lazy" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasLazy {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 8) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "lazy" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearLazy() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~8;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "deprecated" field.</summary>
+    public const int DeprecatedFieldNumber = 3;
+    private readonly static bool DeprecatedDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool deprecated_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Is this field deprecated?
+    /// Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+    /// for accessors, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+    /// is a formalization for deprecating fields.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Deprecated {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4) != 0) { return deprecated_; } else { return DeprecatedDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4;
+        deprecated_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "deprecated" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDeprecated {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "deprecated" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDeprecated() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "weak" field.</summary>
+    public const int WeakFieldNumber = 10;
+    private readonly static bool WeakDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool weak_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Weak {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 32) != 0) { return weak_; } else { return WeakDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 32;
+        weak_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "weak" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasWeak {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 32) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "weak" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearWeak() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~32;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uninterpreted_option" field.</summary>
+    public const int UninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(7994, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> uninterpretedOption_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> UninterpretedOption {
+      get { return uninterpretedOption_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FieldOptions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FieldOptions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Ctype != other.Ctype) return false;
+      if (Packed != other.Packed) return false;
+      if (Jstype != other.Jstype) return false;
+      if (Lazy != other.Lazy) return false;
+      if (Deprecated != other.Deprecated) return false;
+      if (Weak != other.Weak) return false;
+      if(!uninterpretedOption_.Equals(other.uninterpretedOption_)) return false;
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasCtype) hash ^= Ctype.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasPacked) hash ^= Packed.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasJstype) hash ^= Jstype.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasLazy) hash ^= Lazy.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDeprecated) hash ^= Deprecated.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasWeak) hash ^= Weak.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= uninterpretedOption_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasCtype) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) Ctype);
+      }
+      if (HasPacked) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteBool(Packed);
+      }
+      if (HasDeprecated) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteBool(Deprecated);
+      }
+      if (HasLazy) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteBool(Lazy);
+      }
+      if (HasJstype) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(48);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) Jstype);
+      }
+      if (HasWeak) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(80);
+        output.WriteBool(Weak);
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasCtype) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) Ctype);
+      }
+      if (HasPacked) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasJstype) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) Jstype);
+      }
+      if (HasLazy) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasDeprecated) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasWeak) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      size += uninterpretedOption_.CalculateSize(_repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FieldOptions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasCtype) {
+        Ctype = other.Ctype;
+      }
+      if (other.HasPacked) {
+        Packed = other.Packed;
+      }
+      if (other.HasJstype) {
+        Jstype = other.Jstype;
+      }
+      if (other.HasLazy) {
+        Lazy = other.Lazy;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDeprecated) {
+        Deprecated = other.Deprecated;
+      }
+      if (other.HasWeak) {
+        Weak = other.Weak;
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.Add(other.uninterpretedOption_);
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Ctype = (global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions.Types.CType) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Packed = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            Deprecated = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            Lazy = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 48: {
+            Jstype = (global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.FieldOptions.Types.JSType) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 80: {
+            Weak = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 7994: {
+            uninterpretedOption_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<FieldOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<FieldOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<FieldOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<FieldOptions, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<FieldOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<FieldOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<FieldOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the FieldOptions message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public enum CType {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Default mode.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("STRING")] String = 0,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("CORD")] Cord = 1,
+        [pbr::OriginalName("STRING_PIECE")] StringPiece = 2,
+      }
+
+      public enum JSType {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Use the default type.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("JS_NORMAL")] JsNormal = 0,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Use JavaScript strings.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("JS_STRING")] JsString = 1,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Use JavaScript numbers.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("JS_NUMBER")] JsNumber = 2,
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class OneofOptions : pb::IExtendableMessage<OneofOptions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<OneofOptions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<OneofOptions>(() => new OneofOptions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    internal pb::ExtensionSet<OneofOptions> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<OneofOptions> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<OneofOptions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[13]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofOptions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofOptions(OneofOptions other) : this() {
+      uninterpretedOption_ = other.uninterpretedOption_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public OneofOptions Clone() {
+      return new OneofOptions(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uninterpreted_option" field.</summary>
+    public const int UninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(7994, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> uninterpretedOption_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> UninterpretedOption {
+      get { return uninterpretedOption_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as OneofOptions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(OneofOptions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!uninterpretedOption_.Equals(other.uninterpretedOption_)) return false;
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= uninterpretedOption_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      uninterpretedOption_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += uninterpretedOption_.CalculateSize(_repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(OneofOptions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.Add(other.uninterpretedOption_);
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 7994: {
+            uninterpretedOption_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<OneofOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<OneofOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<OneofOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<OneofOptions, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<OneofOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<OneofOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<OneofOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class EnumOptions : pb::IExtendableMessage<EnumOptions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<EnumOptions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<EnumOptions>(() => new EnumOptions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    internal pb::ExtensionSet<EnumOptions> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<EnumOptions> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<EnumOptions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[14]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumOptions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumOptions(EnumOptions other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      allowAlias_ = other.allowAlias_;
+      deprecated_ = other.deprecated_;
+      uninterpretedOption_ = other.uninterpretedOption_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumOptions Clone() {
+      return new EnumOptions(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "allow_alias" field.</summary>
+    public const int AllowAliasFieldNumber = 2;
+    private readonly static bool AllowAliasDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool allowAlias_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Set this option to true to allow mapping different tag names to the same
+    /// value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool AllowAlias {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return allowAlias_; } else { return AllowAliasDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        allowAlias_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "allow_alias" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasAllowAlias {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "allow_alias" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearAllowAlias() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "deprecated" field.</summary>
+    public const int DeprecatedFieldNumber = 3;
+    private readonly static bool DeprecatedDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool deprecated_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Is this enum deprecated?
+    /// Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+    /// for the enum, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+    /// is a formalization for deprecating enums.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Deprecated {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return deprecated_; } else { return DeprecatedDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        deprecated_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "deprecated" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDeprecated {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "deprecated" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDeprecated() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uninterpreted_option" field.</summary>
+    public const int UninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(7994, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> uninterpretedOption_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> UninterpretedOption {
+      get { return uninterpretedOption_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as EnumOptions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(EnumOptions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (AllowAlias != other.AllowAlias) return false;
+      if (Deprecated != other.Deprecated) return false;
+      if(!uninterpretedOption_.Equals(other.uninterpretedOption_)) return false;
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasAllowAlias) hash ^= AllowAlias.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDeprecated) hash ^= Deprecated.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= uninterpretedOption_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasAllowAlias) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteBool(AllowAlias);
+      }
+      if (HasDeprecated) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteBool(Deprecated);
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasAllowAlias) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasDeprecated) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      size += uninterpretedOption_.CalculateSize(_repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(EnumOptions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasAllowAlias) {
+        AllowAlias = other.AllowAlias;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDeprecated) {
+        Deprecated = other.Deprecated;
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.Add(other.uninterpretedOption_);
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 16: {
+            AllowAlias = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            Deprecated = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 7994: {
+            uninterpretedOption_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<EnumOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<EnumOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<EnumOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<EnumOptions, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<EnumOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<EnumOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<EnumOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class EnumValueOptions : pb::IExtendableMessage<EnumValueOptions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<EnumValueOptions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<EnumValueOptions>(() => new EnumValueOptions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    internal pb::ExtensionSet<EnumValueOptions> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<EnumValueOptions> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<EnumValueOptions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[15]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumValueOptions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumValueOptions(EnumValueOptions other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      deprecated_ = other.deprecated_;
+      uninterpretedOption_ = other.uninterpretedOption_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumValueOptions Clone() {
+      return new EnumValueOptions(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "deprecated" field.</summary>
+    public const int DeprecatedFieldNumber = 1;
+    private readonly static bool DeprecatedDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool deprecated_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Is this enum value deprecated?
+    /// Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+    /// for the enum value, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+    /// this is a formalization for deprecating enum values.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Deprecated {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return deprecated_; } else { return DeprecatedDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        deprecated_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "deprecated" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDeprecated {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "deprecated" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDeprecated() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uninterpreted_option" field.</summary>
+    public const int UninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(7994, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> uninterpretedOption_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> UninterpretedOption {
+      get { return uninterpretedOption_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as EnumValueOptions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(EnumValueOptions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Deprecated != other.Deprecated) return false;
+      if(!uninterpretedOption_.Equals(other.uninterpretedOption_)) return false;
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasDeprecated) hash ^= Deprecated.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= uninterpretedOption_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasDeprecated) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteBool(Deprecated);
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasDeprecated) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      size += uninterpretedOption_.CalculateSize(_repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(EnumValueOptions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDeprecated) {
+        Deprecated = other.Deprecated;
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.Add(other.uninterpretedOption_);
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Deprecated = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 7994: {
+            uninterpretedOption_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<EnumValueOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<EnumValueOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<EnumValueOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<EnumValueOptions, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<EnumValueOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<EnumValueOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<EnumValueOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class ServiceOptions : pb::IExtendableMessage<ServiceOptions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ServiceOptions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ServiceOptions>(() => new ServiceOptions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    internal pb::ExtensionSet<ServiceOptions> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<ServiceOptions> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ServiceOptions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[16]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ServiceOptions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ServiceOptions(ServiceOptions other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      deprecated_ = other.deprecated_;
+      uninterpretedOption_ = other.uninterpretedOption_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ServiceOptions Clone() {
+      return new ServiceOptions(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "deprecated" field.</summary>
+    public const int DeprecatedFieldNumber = 33;
+    private readonly static bool DeprecatedDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool deprecated_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Is this service deprecated?
+    /// Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+    /// for the service, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+    /// this is a formalization for deprecating services.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Deprecated {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return deprecated_; } else { return DeprecatedDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        deprecated_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "deprecated" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDeprecated {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "deprecated" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDeprecated() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uninterpreted_option" field.</summary>
+    public const int UninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(7994, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> uninterpretedOption_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> UninterpretedOption {
+      get { return uninterpretedOption_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ServiceOptions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ServiceOptions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Deprecated != other.Deprecated) return false;
+      if(!uninterpretedOption_.Equals(other.uninterpretedOption_)) return false;
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasDeprecated) hash ^= Deprecated.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= uninterpretedOption_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasDeprecated) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 2);
+        output.WriteBool(Deprecated);
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasDeprecated) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      size += uninterpretedOption_.CalculateSize(_repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ServiceOptions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDeprecated) {
+        Deprecated = other.Deprecated;
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.Add(other.uninterpretedOption_);
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 264: {
+            Deprecated = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 7994: {
+            uninterpretedOption_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<ServiceOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<ServiceOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<ServiceOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<ServiceOptions, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<ServiceOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<ServiceOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<ServiceOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public sealed partial class MethodOptions : pb::IExtendableMessage<MethodOptions> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<MethodOptions> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<MethodOptions>(() => new MethodOptions());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    internal pb::ExtensionSet<MethodOptions> _extensions;
+    private pb::ExtensionSet<MethodOptions> _Extensions { get { return _extensions; } }
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<MethodOptions> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[17]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MethodOptions() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MethodOptions(MethodOptions other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      deprecated_ = other.deprecated_;
+      idempotencyLevel_ = other.idempotencyLevel_;
+      uninterpretedOption_ = other.uninterpretedOption_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+      _extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public MethodOptions Clone() {
+      return new MethodOptions(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "deprecated" field.</summary>
+    public const int DeprecatedFieldNumber = 33;
+    private readonly static bool DeprecatedDefaultValue = false;
+
+    private bool deprecated_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Is this method deprecated?
+    /// Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+    /// for the method, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+    /// this is a formalization for deprecating methods.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Deprecated {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return deprecated_; } else { return DeprecatedDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        deprecated_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "deprecated" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDeprecated {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "deprecated" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDeprecated() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "idempotency_level" field.</summary>
+    public const int IdempotencyLevelFieldNumber = 34;
+    private readonly static global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions.Types.IdempotencyLevel IdempotencyLevelDefaultValue = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions.Types.IdempotencyLevel.IdempotencyUnknown;
+
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions.Types.IdempotencyLevel idempotencyLevel_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions.Types.IdempotencyLevel IdempotencyLevel {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return idempotencyLevel_; } else { return IdempotencyLevelDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        idempotencyLevel_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "idempotency_level" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasIdempotencyLevel {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "idempotency_level" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearIdempotencyLevel() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "uninterpreted_option" field.</summary>
+    public const int UninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(7994, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> uninterpretedOption_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption> UninterpretedOption {
+      get { return uninterpretedOption_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as MethodOptions);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(MethodOptions other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Deprecated != other.Deprecated) return false;
+      if (IdempotencyLevel != other.IdempotencyLevel) return false;
+      if(!uninterpretedOption_.Equals(other.uninterpretedOption_)) return false;
+      if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (HasDeprecated) hash ^= Deprecated.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasIdempotencyLevel) hash ^= IdempotencyLevel.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= uninterpretedOption_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (HasDeprecated) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(136, 2);
+        output.WriteBool(Deprecated);
+      }
+      if (HasIdempotencyLevel) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(144, 2);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) IdempotencyLevel);
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        _extensions.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (HasDeprecated) {
+        size += 2 + 1;
+      }
+      if (HasIdempotencyLevel) {
+        size += 2 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) IdempotencyLevel);
+      }
+      size += uninterpretedOption_.CalculateSize(_repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+      if (_extensions != null) {
+        size += _extensions.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(MethodOptions other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDeprecated) {
+        Deprecated = other.Deprecated;
+      }
+      if (other.HasIdempotencyLevel) {
+        IdempotencyLevel = other.IdempotencyLevel;
+      }
+      uninterpretedOption_.Add(other.uninterpretedOption_);
+      pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {
+              _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 264: {
+            Deprecated = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 272: {
+            IdempotencyLevel = (global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.MethodOptions.Types.IdempotencyLevel) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 7994: {
+            uninterpretedOption_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_uninterpretedOption_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<MethodOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<MethodOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<MethodOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<MethodOptions, TValue> extension, TValue value) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);
+    }
+    public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<MethodOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<MethodOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+    public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<MethodOptions, TValue> extension) {
+      pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the MethodOptions message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Is this method side-effect-free (or safe in HTTP parlance), or idempotent,
+      /// or neither? HTTP based RPC implementation may choose GET verb for safe
+      /// methods, and PUT verb for idempotent methods instead of the default POST.
+      /// </summary>
+      public enum IdempotencyLevel {
+        [pbr::OriginalName("IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN")] IdempotencyUnknown = 0,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// implies idempotent
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("NO_SIDE_EFFECTS")] NoSideEffects = 1,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// idempotent, but may have side effects
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("IDEMPOTENT")] Idempotent = 2,
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// A message representing a option the parser does not recognize. This only
+  /// appears in options protos created by the compiler::Parser class.
+  /// DescriptorPool resolves these when building Descriptor objects. Therefore,
+  /// options protos in descriptor objects (e.g. returned by Descriptor::options(),
+  /// or produced by Descriptor::CopyTo()) will never have UninterpretedOptions
+  /// in them.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class UninterpretedOption : pb::IMessage<UninterpretedOption> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<UninterpretedOption> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<UninterpretedOption>(() => new UninterpretedOption());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    private int _hasBits0;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<UninterpretedOption> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[18]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public UninterpretedOption() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public UninterpretedOption(UninterpretedOption other) : this() {
+      _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+      name_ = other.name_.Clone();
+      identifierValue_ = other.identifierValue_;
+      positiveIntValue_ = other.positiveIntValue_;
+      negativeIntValue_ = other.negativeIntValue_;
+      doubleValue_ = other.doubleValue_;
+      stringValue_ = other.stringValue_;
+      aggregateValue_ = other.aggregateValue_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public UninterpretedOption Clone() {
+      return new UninterpretedOption(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Types.NamePart> _repeated_name_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Types.NamePart.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Types.NamePart> name_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Types.NamePart>();
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Types.NamePart> Name {
+      get { return name_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "identifier_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int IdentifierValueFieldNumber = 3;
+    private readonly static string IdentifierValueDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string identifierValue_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The value of the uninterpreted option, in whatever type the tokenizer
+    /// identified it as during parsing. Exactly one of these should be set.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string IdentifierValue {
+      get { return identifierValue_ ?? IdentifierValueDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        identifierValue_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "identifier_value" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasIdentifierValue {
+      get { return identifierValue_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "identifier_value" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearIdentifierValue() {
+      identifierValue_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "positive_int_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int PositiveIntValueFieldNumber = 4;
+    private readonly static ulong PositiveIntValueDefaultValue = 0UL;
+
+    private ulong positiveIntValue_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong PositiveIntValue {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return positiveIntValue_; } else { return PositiveIntValueDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 1;
+        positiveIntValue_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "positive_int_value" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasPositiveIntValue {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "positive_int_value" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearPositiveIntValue() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "negative_int_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int NegativeIntValueFieldNumber = 5;
+    private readonly static long NegativeIntValueDefaultValue = 0L;
+
+    private long negativeIntValue_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long NegativeIntValue {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return negativeIntValue_; } else { return NegativeIntValueDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 2;
+        negativeIntValue_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "negative_int_value" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasNegativeIntValue {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "negative_int_value" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearNegativeIntValue() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "double_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int DoubleValueFieldNumber = 6;
+    private readonly static double DoubleValueDefaultValue = 0D;
+
+    private double doubleValue_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double DoubleValue {
+      get { if ((_hasBits0 & 4) != 0) { return doubleValue_; } else { return DoubleValueDefaultValue; } }
+      set {
+        _hasBits0 |= 4;
+        doubleValue_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "double_value" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasDoubleValue {
+      get { return (_hasBits0 & 4) != 0; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "double_value" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearDoubleValue() {
+      _hasBits0 &= ~4;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "string_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringValueFieldNumber = 7;
+    private readonly static pb::ByteString StringValueDefaultValue = pb::ByteString.Empty;
+
+    private pb::ByteString stringValue_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString StringValue {
+      get { return stringValue_ ?? StringValueDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        stringValue_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "string_value" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasStringValue {
+      get { return stringValue_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "string_value" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearStringValue() {
+      stringValue_ = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "aggregate_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int AggregateValueFieldNumber = 8;
+    private readonly static string AggregateValueDefaultValue = "";
+
+    private string aggregateValue_;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string AggregateValue {
+      get { return aggregateValue_ ?? AggregateValueDefaultValue; }
+      set {
+        aggregateValue_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Gets whether the "aggregate_value" field is set</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool HasAggregateValue {
+      get { return aggregateValue_ != null; }
+    }
+    /// <summary>Clears the value of the "aggregate_value" field</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearAggregateValue() {
+      aggregateValue_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as UninterpretedOption);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(UninterpretedOption other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!name_.Equals(other.name_)) return false;
+      if (IdentifierValue != other.IdentifierValue) return false;
+      if (PositiveIntValue != other.PositiveIntValue) return false;
+      if (NegativeIntValue != other.NegativeIntValue) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(DoubleValue, other.DoubleValue)) return false;
+      if (StringValue != other.StringValue) return false;
+      if (AggregateValue != other.AggregateValue) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= name_.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasIdentifierValue) hash ^= IdentifierValue.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasPositiveIntValue) hash ^= PositiveIntValue.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasNegativeIntValue) hash ^= NegativeIntValue.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasDoubleValue) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(DoubleValue);
+      if (HasStringValue) hash ^= StringValue.GetHashCode();
+      if (HasAggregateValue) hash ^= AggregateValue.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      name_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_name_codec);
+      if (HasIdentifierValue) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteString(IdentifierValue);
+      }
+      if (HasPositiveIntValue) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(32);
+        output.WriteUInt64(PositiveIntValue);
+      }
+      if (HasNegativeIntValue) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteInt64(NegativeIntValue);
+      }
+      if (HasDoubleValue) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(49);
+        output.WriteDouble(DoubleValue);
+      }
+      if (HasStringValue) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(58);
+        output.WriteBytes(StringValue);
+      }
+      if (HasAggregateValue) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(66);
+        output.WriteString(AggregateValue);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += name_.CalculateSize(_repeated_name_codec);
+      if (HasIdentifierValue) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(IdentifierValue);
+      }
+      if (HasPositiveIntValue) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(PositiveIntValue);
+      }
+      if (HasNegativeIntValue) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(NegativeIntValue);
+      }
+      if (HasDoubleValue) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (HasStringValue) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(StringValue);
+      }
+      if (HasAggregateValue) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(AggregateValue);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(UninterpretedOption other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      name_.Add(other.name_);
+      if (other.HasIdentifierValue) {
+        IdentifierValue = other.IdentifierValue;
+      }
+      if (other.HasPositiveIntValue) {
+        PositiveIntValue = other.PositiveIntValue;
+      }
+      if (other.HasNegativeIntValue) {
+        NegativeIntValue = other.NegativeIntValue;
+      }
+      if (other.HasDoubleValue) {
+        DoubleValue = other.DoubleValue;
+      }
+      if (other.HasStringValue) {
+        StringValue = other.StringValue;
+      }
+      if (other.HasAggregateValue) {
+        AggregateValue = other.AggregateValue;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 18: {
+            name_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_name_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            IdentifierValue = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+            PositiveIntValue = input.ReadUInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            NegativeIntValue = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 49: {
+            DoubleValue = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 58: {
+            StringValue = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 66: {
+            AggregateValue = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the UninterpretedOption message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      /// <summary>
+      /// The name of the uninterpreted option.  Each string represents a segment in
+      /// a dot-separated name.  is_extension is true iff a segment represents an
+      /// extension (denoted with parentheses in options specs in .proto files).
+      /// E.g.,{ ["foo", false], ["bar.baz", true], ["qux", false] } represents
+      /// "foo.(bar.baz).qux".
+      /// </summary>
+      public sealed partial class NamePart : pb::IMessage<NamePart> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<NamePart> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<NamePart>(() => new NamePart());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<NamePart> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.UninterpretedOption.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NamePart() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NamePart(NamePart other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          namePart_ = other.namePart_;
+          isExtension_ = other.isExtension_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public NamePart Clone() {
+          return new NamePart(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "name_part" field.</summary>
+        public const int NamePart_FieldNumber = 1;
+        private readonly static string NamePart_DefaultValue = "";
+
+        private string namePart_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public string NamePart_ {
+          get { return namePart_ ?? NamePart_DefaultValue; }
+          set {
+            namePart_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "name_part" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasNamePart_ {
+          get { return namePart_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "name_part" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearNamePart_() {
+          namePart_ = null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "is_extension" field.</summary>
+        public const int IsExtensionFieldNumber = 2;
+        private readonly static bool IsExtensionDefaultValue = false;
+
+        private bool isExtension_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool IsExtension {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return isExtension_; } else { return IsExtensionDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            isExtension_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "is_extension" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasIsExtension {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "is_extension" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearIsExtension() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as NamePart);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(NamePart other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (NamePart_ != other.NamePart_) return false;
+          if (IsExtension != other.IsExtension) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          if (HasNamePart_) hash ^= NamePart_.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasIsExtension) hash ^= IsExtension.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          if (HasNamePart_) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(10);
+            output.WriteString(NamePart_);
+          }
+          if (HasIsExtension) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(16);
+            output.WriteBool(IsExtension);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          if (HasNamePart_) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(NamePart_);
+          }
+          if (HasIsExtension) {
+            size += 1 + 1;
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(NamePart other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (other.HasNamePart_) {
+            NamePart_ = other.NamePart_;
+          }
+          if (other.HasIsExtension) {
+            IsExtension = other.IsExtension;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 10: {
+                NamePart_ = input.ReadString();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 16: {
+                IsExtension = input.ReadBool();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Encapsulates information about the original source file from which a
+  /// FileDescriptorProto was generated.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class SourceCodeInfo : pb::IMessage<SourceCodeInfo> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<SourceCodeInfo> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<SourceCodeInfo>(() => new SourceCodeInfo());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<SourceCodeInfo> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[19]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SourceCodeInfo() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SourceCodeInfo(SourceCodeInfo other) : this() {
+      location_ = other.location_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SourceCodeInfo Clone() {
+      return new SourceCodeInfo(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "location" field.</summary>
+    public const int LocationFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo.Types.Location> _repeated_location_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(10, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo.Types.Location.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo.Types.Location> location_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo.Types.Location>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A Location identifies a piece of source code in a .proto file which
+    /// corresponds to a particular definition.  This information is intended
+    /// to be useful to IDEs, code indexers, documentation generators, and similar
+    /// tools.
+    ///
+    /// For example, say we have a file like:
+    ///   message Foo {
+    ///     optional string foo = 1;
+    ///   }
+    /// Let's look at just the field definition:
+    ///   optional string foo = 1;
+    ///   ^       ^^     ^^  ^  ^^^
+    ///   a       bc     de  f  ghi
+    /// We have the following locations:
+    ///   span   path               represents
+    ///   [a,i)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0 ]     The whole field definition.
+    ///   [a,b)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 4 ]  The label (optional).
+    ///   [c,d)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 5 ]  The type (string).
+    ///   [e,f)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 1 ]  The name (foo).
+    ///   [g,h)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 3 ]  The number (1).
+    ///
+    /// Notes:
+    /// - A location may refer to a repeated field itself (i.e. not to any
+    ///   particular index within it).  This is used whenever a set of elements are
+    ///   logically enclosed in a single code segment.  For example, an entire
+    ///   extend block (possibly containing multiple extension definitions) will
+    ///   have an outer location whose path refers to the "extensions" repeated
+    ///   field without an index.
+    /// - Multiple locations may have the same path.  This happens when a single
+    ///   logical declaration is spread out across multiple places.  The most
+    ///   obvious example is the "extend" block again -- there may be multiple
+    ///   extend blocks in the same scope, each of which will have the same path.
+    /// - A location's span is not always a subset of its parent's span.  For
+    ///   example, the "extendee" of an extension declaration appears at the
+    ///   beginning of the "extend" block and is shared by all extensions within
+    ///   the block.
+    /// - Just because a location's span is a subset of some other location's span
+    ///   does not mean that it is a descendant.  For example, a "group" defines
+    ///   both a type and a field in a single declaration.  Thus, the locations
+    ///   corresponding to the type and field and their components will overlap.
+    /// - Code which tries to interpret locations should probably be designed to
+    ///   ignore those that it doesn't understand, as more types of locations could
+    ///   be recorded in the future.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo.Types.Location> Location {
+      get { return location_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as SourceCodeInfo);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(SourceCodeInfo other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!location_.Equals(other.location_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= location_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      location_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_location_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += location_.CalculateSize(_repeated_location_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(SourceCodeInfo other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      location_.Add(other.location_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            location_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_location_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the SourceCodeInfo message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class Location : pb::IMessage<Location> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Location> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Location>(() => new Location());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<Location> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Location() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Location(Location other) : this() {
+          path_ = other.path_.Clone();
+          span_ = other.span_.Clone();
+          leadingComments_ = other.leadingComments_;
+          trailingComments_ = other.trailingComments_;
+          leadingDetachedComments_ = other.leadingDetachedComments_.Clone();
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Location Clone() {
+          return new Location(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "path" field.</summary>
+        public const int PathFieldNumber = 1;
+        private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_path_codec
+            = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(10);
+        private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> path_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Identifies which part of the FileDescriptorProto was defined at this
+        /// location.
+        ///
+        /// Each element is a field number or an index.  They form a path from
+        /// the root FileDescriptorProto to the place where the definition.  For
+        /// example, this path:
+        ///   [ 4, 3, 2, 7, 1 ]
+        /// refers to:
+        ///   file.message_type(3)  // 4, 3
+        ///       .field(7)         // 2, 7
+        ///       .name()           // 1
+        /// This is because FileDescriptorProto.message_type has field number 4:
+        ///   repeated DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+        /// and DescriptorProto.field has field number 2:
+        ///   repeated FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+        /// and FieldDescriptorProto.name has field number 1:
+        ///   optional string name = 1;
+        ///
+        /// Thus, the above path gives the location of a field name.  If we removed
+        /// the last element:
+        ///   [ 4, 3, 2, 7 ]
+        /// this path refers to the whole field declaration (from the beginning
+        /// of the label to the terminating semicolon).
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<int> Path {
+          get { return path_; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "span" field.</summary>
+        public const int SpanFieldNumber = 2;
+        private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_span_codec
+            = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(18);
+        private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> span_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Always has exactly three or four elements: start line, start column,
+        /// end line (optional, otherwise assumed same as start line), end column.
+        /// These are packed into a single field for efficiency.  Note that line
+        /// and column numbers are zero-based -- typically you will want to add
+        /// 1 to each before displaying to a user.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<int> Span {
+          get { return span_; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "leading_comments" field.</summary>
+        public const int LeadingCommentsFieldNumber = 3;
+        private readonly static string LeadingCommentsDefaultValue = "";
+
+        private string leadingComments_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// If this SourceCodeInfo represents a complete declaration, these are any
+        /// comments appearing before and after the declaration which appear to be
+        /// attached to the declaration.
+        ///
+        /// A series of line comments appearing on consecutive lines, with no other
+        /// tokens appearing on those lines, will be treated as a single comment.
+        ///
+        /// leading_detached_comments will keep paragraphs of comments that appear
+        /// before (but not connected to) the current element. Each paragraph,
+        /// separated by empty lines, will be one comment element in the repeated
+        /// field.
+        ///
+        /// Only the comment content is provided; comment markers (e.g. //) are
+        /// stripped out.  For block comments, leading whitespace and an asterisk
+        /// will be stripped from the beginning of each line other than the first.
+        /// Newlines are included in the output.
+        ///
+        /// Examples:
+        ///
+        ///   optional int32 foo = 1;  // Comment attached to foo.
+        ///   // Comment attached to bar.
+        ///   optional int32 bar = 2;
+        ///
+        ///   optional string baz = 3;
+        ///   // Comment attached to baz.
+        ///   // Another line attached to baz.
+        ///
+        ///   // Comment attached to qux.
+        ///   //
+        ///   // Another line attached to qux.
+        ///   optional double qux = 4;
+        ///
+        ///   // Detached comment for corge. This is not leading or trailing comments
+        ///   // to qux or corge because there are blank lines separating it from
+        ///   // both.
+        ///
+        ///   // Detached comment for corge paragraph 2.
+        ///
+        ///   optional string corge = 5;
+        ///   /* Block comment attached
+        ///    * to corge.  Leading asterisks
+        ///    * will be removed. */
+        ///   /* Block comment attached to
+        ///    * grault. */
+        ///   optional int32 grault = 6;
+        ///
+        ///   // ignored detached comments.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public string LeadingComments {
+          get { return leadingComments_ ?? LeadingCommentsDefaultValue; }
+          set {
+            leadingComments_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "leading_comments" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasLeadingComments {
+          get { return leadingComments_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "leading_comments" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearLeadingComments() {
+          leadingComments_ = null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "trailing_comments" field.</summary>
+        public const int TrailingCommentsFieldNumber = 4;
+        private readonly static string TrailingCommentsDefaultValue = "";
+
+        private string trailingComments_;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public string TrailingComments {
+          get { return trailingComments_ ?? TrailingCommentsDefaultValue; }
+          set {
+            trailingComments_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "trailing_comments" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasTrailingComments {
+          get { return trailingComments_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "trailing_comments" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearTrailingComments() {
+          trailingComments_ = null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "leading_detached_comments" field.</summary>
+        public const int LeadingDetachedCommentsFieldNumber = 6;
+        private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_leadingDetachedComments_codec
+            = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(50);
+        private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> leadingDetachedComments_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<string> LeadingDetachedComments {
+          get { return leadingDetachedComments_; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as Location);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(Location other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if(!path_.Equals(other.path_)) return false;
+          if(!span_.Equals(other.span_)) return false;
+          if (LeadingComments != other.LeadingComments) return false;
+          if (TrailingComments != other.TrailingComments) return false;
+          if(!leadingDetachedComments_.Equals(other.leadingDetachedComments_)) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          hash ^= path_.GetHashCode();
+          hash ^= span_.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasLeadingComments) hash ^= LeadingComments.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasTrailingComments) hash ^= TrailingComments.GetHashCode();
+          hash ^= leadingDetachedComments_.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          path_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_path_codec);
+          span_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_span_codec);
+          if (HasLeadingComments) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(26);
+            output.WriteString(LeadingComments);
+          }
+          if (HasTrailingComments) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(34);
+            output.WriteString(TrailingComments);
+          }
+          leadingDetachedComments_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_leadingDetachedComments_codec);
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          size += path_.CalculateSize(_repeated_path_codec);
+          size += span_.CalculateSize(_repeated_span_codec);
+          if (HasLeadingComments) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(LeadingComments);
+          }
+          if (HasTrailingComments) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(TrailingComments);
+          }
+          size += leadingDetachedComments_.CalculateSize(_repeated_leadingDetachedComments_codec);
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(Location other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          path_.Add(other.path_);
+          span_.Add(other.span_);
+          if (other.HasLeadingComments) {
+            LeadingComments = other.LeadingComments;
+          }
+          if (other.HasTrailingComments) {
+            TrailingComments = other.TrailingComments;
+          }
+          leadingDetachedComments_.Add(other.leadingDetachedComments_);
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 10:
+              case 8: {
+                path_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_path_codec);
+                break;
+              }
+              case 18:
+              case 16: {
+                span_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_span_codec);
+                break;
+              }
+              case 26: {
+                LeadingComments = input.ReadString();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 34: {
+                TrailingComments = input.ReadString();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 50: {
+                leadingDetachedComments_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_leadingDetachedComments_codec);
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Describes the relationship between generated code and its original source
+  /// file. A GeneratedCodeInfo message is associated with only one generated
+  /// source file, but may contain references to different source .proto files.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class GeneratedCodeInfo : pb::IMessage<GeneratedCodeInfo> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<GeneratedCodeInfo> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<GeneratedCodeInfo>(() => new GeneratedCodeInfo());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<GeneratedCodeInfo> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.DescriptorReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[20]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public GeneratedCodeInfo() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public GeneratedCodeInfo(GeneratedCodeInfo other) : this() {
+      annotation_ = other.annotation_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public GeneratedCodeInfo Clone() {
+      return new GeneratedCodeInfo(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "annotation" field.</summary>
+    public const int AnnotationFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.GeneratedCodeInfo.Types.Annotation> _repeated_annotation_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(10, global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.GeneratedCodeInfo.Types.Annotation.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.GeneratedCodeInfo.Types.Annotation> annotation_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.GeneratedCodeInfo.Types.Annotation>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An Annotation connects some span of text in generated code to an element
+    /// of its generating .proto file.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.GeneratedCodeInfo.Types.Annotation> Annotation {
+      get { return annotation_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as GeneratedCodeInfo);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(GeneratedCodeInfo other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!annotation_.Equals(other.annotation_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= annotation_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      annotation_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_annotation_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += annotation_.CalculateSize(_repeated_annotation_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(GeneratedCodeInfo other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      annotation_.Add(other.annotation_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            annotation_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_annotation_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the GeneratedCodeInfo message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      public sealed partial class Annotation : pb::IMessage<Annotation> {
+        private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Annotation> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Annotation>(() => new Annotation());
+        private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+        private int _hasBits0;
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pb::MessageParser<Annotation> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+          get { return global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection.GeneratedCodeInfo.Descriptor.NestedTypes[0]; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+          get { return Descriptor; }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Annotation() {
+          OnConstruction();
+        }
+
+        partial void OnConstruction();
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Annotation(Annotation other) : this() {
+          _hasBits0 = other._hasBits0;
+          path_ = other.path_.Clone();
+          sourceFile_ = other.sourceFile_;
+          begin_ = other.begin_;
+          end_ = other.end_;
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public Annotation Clone() {
+          return new Annotation(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "path" field.</summary>
+        public const int PathFieldNumber = 1;
+        private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<int> _repeated_path_codec
+            = pb::FieldCodec.ForInt32(10);
+        private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<int> path_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<int>();
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Identifies the element in the original source .proto file. This field
+        /// is formatted the same as SourceCodeInfo.Location.path.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public pbc::RepeatedField<int> Path {
+          get { return path_; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "source_file" field.</summary>
+        public const int SourceFileFieldNumber = 2;
+        private readonly static string SourceFileDefaultValue = "";
+
+        private string sourceFile_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Identifies the filesystem path to the original source .proto.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public string SourceFile {
+          get { return sourceFile_ ?? SourceFileDefaultValue; }
+          set {
+            sourceFile_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "source_file" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasSourceFile {
+          get { return sourceFile_ != null; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "source_file" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearSourceFile() {
+          sourceFile_ = null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "begin" field.</summary>
+        public const int BeginFieldNumber = 3;
+        private readonly static int BeginDefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int begin_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Identifies the starting offset in bytes in the generated code
+        /// that relates to the identified object.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int Begin {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 1) != 0) { return begin_; } else { return BeginDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 1;
+            begin_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "begin" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasBegin {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 1) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "begin" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearBegin() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Field number for the "end" field.</summary>
+        public const int EndFieldNumber = 4;
+        private readonly static int EndDefaultValue = 0;
+
+        private int end_;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Identifies the ending offset in bytes in the generated code that
+        /// relates to the identified offset. The end offset should be one past
+        /// the last relevant byte (so the length of the text = end - begin).
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int End {
+          get { if ((_hasBits0 & 2) != 0) { return end_; } else { return EndDefaultValue; } }
+          set {
+            _hasBits0 |= 2;
+            end_ = value;
+          }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Gets whether the "end" field is set</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool HasEnd {
+          get { return (_hasBits0 & 2) != 0; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>Clears the value of the "end" field</summary>
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void ClearEnd() {
+          _hasBits0 &= ~2;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override bool Equals(object other) {
+          return Equals(other as Annotation);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public bool Equals(Annotation other) {
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if(!path_.Equals(other.path_)) return false;
+          if (SourceFile != other.SourceFile) return false;
+          if (Begin != other.Begin) return false;
+          if (End != other.End) return false;
+          return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+          int hash = 1;
+          hash ^= path_.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasSourceFile) hash ^= SourceFile.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasBegin) hash ^= Begin.GetHashCode();
+          if (HasEnd) hash ^= End.GetHashCode();
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+          }
+          return hash;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public override string ToString() {
+          return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+          path_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_path_codec);
+          if (HasSourceFile) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(18);
+            output.WriteString(SourceFile);
+          }
+          if (HasBegin) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(24);
+            output.WriteInt32(Begin);
+          }
+          if (HasEnd) {
+            output.WriteRawTag(32);
+            output.WriteInt32(End);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+          }
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public int CalculateSize() {
+          int size = 0;
+          size += path_.CalculateSize(_repeated_path_codec);
+          if (HasSourceFile) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(SourceFile);
+          }
+          if (HasBegin) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Begin);
+          }
+          if (HasEnd) {
+            size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(End);
+          }
+          if (_unknownFields != null) {
+            size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+          }
+          return size;
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(Annotation other) {
+          if (other == null) {
+            return;
+          }
+          path_.Add(other.path_);
+          if (other.HasSourceFile) {
+            SourceFile = other.SourceFile;
+          }
+          if (other.HasBegin) {
+            Begin = other.Begin;
+          }
+          if (other.HasEnd) {
+            End = other.End;
+          }
+          _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+        }
+
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+        public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+          uint tag;
+          while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+            switch(tag) {
+              default:
+                _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+                break;
+              case 10:
+              case 8: {
+                path_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_path_codec);
+                break;
+              }
+              case 18: {
+                SourceFile = input.ReadString();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 24: {
+                Begin = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+              case 32: {
+                End = input.ReadInt32();
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorBase.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorBase.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6befbf1c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorBase.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Base class for nearly all descriptors, providing common functionality.
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class DescriptorBase : IDescriptor
+    {
+        internal DescriptorBase(FileDescriptor file, string fullName, int index)
+        {
+            File = file;
+            FullName = fullName;
+            Index = index;
+        }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// The index of this descriptor within its parent descriptor.
+        /// </value>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This returns the index of this descriptor within its parent, for
+        /// this descriptor's type. (There can be duplicate values for different
+        /// types, e.g. one enum type with index 0 and one message type with index 0.)
+        /// </remarks>
+        public int Index { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the name of the entity (field, message etc) being described.
+        /// </summary>
+        public abstract string Name { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The fully qualified name of the descriptor's target.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string FullName { get; }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// The file this descriptor was declared in.
+        /// </value>
+        public FileDescriptor File { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The declaration information about the descriptor, or null if no declaration information
+        /// is available for this descriptor.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This information is typically only available for dynamically loaded descriptors,
+        /// for example within a protoc plugin where the full descriptors, including source info,
+        /// are passed to the code by protoc.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public DescriptorDeclaration Declaration => File.GetDeclaration(this);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves the list of nested descriptors corresponding to the given field number, if any.
+        /// If the field is unknown or not a nested descriptor list, return null to terminate the search.
+        /// The default implementation returns null.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal virtual IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase> GetNestedDescriptorListForField(int fieldNumber) => null;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorDeclaration.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorDeclaration.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b22048f0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorDeclaration.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2018 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using static Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo.Types;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Provides additional information about the declaration of a descriptor,
+    /// such as source location and comments.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class DescriptorDeclaration
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The descriptor this declaration relates to.
+        /// </summary>
+        public IDescriptor Descriptor { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The start line of the declaration within the source file. This value is 1-based.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int StartLine { get; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The start column of the declaration within the source file. This value is 1-based.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int StartColumn { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// // The end line of the declaration within the source file. This value is 1-based.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int EndLine { get; }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The end column of the declaration within the source file. This value is 1-based, and
+        /// exclusive. (The final character of the declaration is on the column before this value.)
+        /// </summary>
+        public int EndColumn { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Comments appearing before the declaration. Never null, but may be empty. Multi-line comments
+        /// are represented as a newline-separated string. Leading whitespace and the comment marker ("//")
+        /// are removed from each line.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string LeadingComments { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Comments appearing after the declaration. Never null, but may be empty. Multi-line comments
+        /// are represented as a newline-separated string. Leading whitespace and the comment marker ("//")
+        /// are removed from each line.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string TrailingComments { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Comments appearing before the declaration, but separated from it by blank
+        /// lines. Each string represents a newline-separated paragraph of comments.
+        /// Leading whitespace and the comment marker ("//") are removed from each line.
+        /// The list is never null, but may be empty. Likewise each element is never null, but may be empty.
+        /// </summary>
+        public IReadOnlyList<string> LeadingDetachedComments { get; }
+
+        private DescriptorDeclaration(IDescriptor descriptor, Location location)
+        {
+            // TODO: Validation
+            Descriptor = descriptor;
+            bool hasEndLine = location.Span.Count == 4;
+            // Lines and columns are 0-based in the proto.
+            StartLine = location.Span[0] + 1;
+            StartColumn = location.Span[1] + 1;
+            EndLine = hasEndLine ? location.Span[2] + 1 : StartLine;
+            EndColumn = location.Span[hasEndLine ? 3 : 2] + 1;
+            LeadingComments = location.LeadingComments;
+            TrailingComments = location.TrailingComments;
+            LeadingDetachedComments = new ReadOnlyCollection<string>(location.LeadingDetachedComments.ToList());
+        }
+
+        internal static DescriptorDeclaration FromProto(IDescriptor descriptor, Location location) =>
+            new DescriptorDeclaration(descriptor, location);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorPool.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorPool.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93f2fa9a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorPool.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Contains lookup tables containing all the descriptors defined in a particular file.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal sealed class DescriptorPool
+    {
+        private readonly IDictionary<string, IDescriptor> descriptorsByName =
+            new Dictionary<string, IDescriptor>();
+
+        private readonly IDictionary<ObjectIntPair<IDescriptor>, FieldDescriptor> fieldsByNumber =
+            new Dictionary<ObjectIntPair<IDescriptor>, FieldDescriptor>();
+
+        private readonly IDictionary<ObjectIntPair<IDescriptor>, EnumValueDescriptor> enumValuesByNumber =
+            new Dictionary<ObjectIntPair<IDescriptor>, EnumValueDescriptor>();
+
+        private readonly HashSet<FileDescriptor> dependencies;
+
+        internal DescriptorPool(IEnumerable<FileDescriptor> dependencyFiles)
+        {
+            dependencies = new HashSet<FileDescriptor>();
+            foreach (var dependencyFile in dependencyFiles)
+            {
+                dependencies.Add(dependencyFile);
+                ImportPublicDependencies(dependencyFile);
+            }
+
+            foreach (FileDescriptor dependency in dependencyFiles)
+            {
+                AddPackage(dependency.Package, dependency);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ImportPublicDependencies(FileDescriptor file)
+        {
+            foreach (FileDescriptor dependency in file.PublicDependencies)
+            {
+                if (dependencies.Add(dependency))
+                {
+                    ImportPublicDependencies(dependency);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Finds a symbol of the given name within the pool.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of symbol to look for</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="fullName">Fully-qualified name to look up</param>
+        /// <returns>The symbol with the given name and type,
+        /// or null if the symbol doesn't exist or has the wrong type</returns>
+        internal T FindSymbol<T>(string fullName) where T : class
+        {
+            IDescriptor result;
+            descriptorsByName.TryGetValue(fullName, out result);
+            T descriptor = result as T;
+            if (descriptor != null)
+            {
+                return descriptor;
+            }
+
+            // dependencies contains direct dependencies and any *public* dependencies
+            // of those dependencies (transitively)... so we don't need to recurse here.
+            foreach (FileDescriptor dependency in dependencies)
+            {
+                dependency.DescriptorPool.descriptorsByName.TryGetValue(fullName, out result);
+                descriptor = result as T;
+                if (descriptor != null)
+                {
+                    return descriptor;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a package to the symbol tables. If a package by the same name
+        /// already exists, that is fine, but if some other kind of symbol
+        /// exists under the same name, an exception is thrown. If the package
+        /// has multiple components, this also adds the parent package(s).
+        /// </summary>
+        internal void AddPackage(string fullName, FileDescriptor file)
+        {
+            int dotpos = fullName.LastIndexOf('.');
+            String name;
+            if (dotpos != -1)
+            {
+                AddPackage(fullName.Substring(0, dotpos), file);
+                name = fullName.Substring(dotpos + 1);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                name = fullName;
+            }
+
+            IDescriptor old;
+            if (descriptorsByName.TryGetValue(fullName, out old))
+            {
+                if (!(old is PackageDescriptor))
+                {
+                    throw new DescriptorValidationException(file,
+                                                            "\"" + name +
+                                                            "\" is already defined (as something other than a " +
+                                                            "package) in file \"" + old.File.Name + "\".");
+                }
+            }
+            descriptorsByName[fullName] = new PackageDescriptor(name, fullName, file);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a symbol to the symbol table.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <exception cref="DescriptorValidationException">The symbol already existed
+        /// in the symbol table.</exception>
+        internal void AddSymbol(IDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            ValidateSymbolName(descriptor);
+            String fullName = descriptor.FullName;
+
+            IDescriptor old;
+            if (descriptorsByName.TryGetValue(fullName, out old))
+            {
+                int dotPos = fullName.LastIndexOf('.');
+                string message;
+                if (descriptor.File == old.File)
+                {
+                    if (dotPos == -1)
+                    {
+                        message = "\"" + fullName + "\" is already defined.";
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        message = "\"" + fullName.Substring(dotPos + 1) + "\" is already defined in \"" +
+                                  fullName.Substring(0, dotPos) + "\".";
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    message = "\"" + fullName + "\" is already defined in file \"" + old.File.Name + "\".";
+                }
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(descriptor, message);
+            }
+            descriptorsByName[fullName] = descriptor;
+        }
+
+        private static readonly Regex ValidationRegex = new Regex("^[_A-Za-z][_A-Za-z0-9]*$",
+                                                                  FrameworkPortability.CompiledRegexWhereAvailable);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Verifies that the descriptor's name is valid (i.e. it contains
+        /// only letters, digits and underscores, and does not start with a digit).
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="descriptor"></param>
+        private static void ValidateSymbolName(IDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            if (descriptor.Name == "")
+            {
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(descriptor, "Missing name.");
+            }
+            if (!ValidationRegex.IsMatch(descriptor.Name))
+            {
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(descriptor,
+                                                        "\"" + descriptor.Name + "\" is not a valid identifier.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the field with the given number in the given descriptor,
+        /// or null if it can't be found.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal FieldDescriptor FindFieldByNumber(MessageDescriptor messageDescriptor, int number)
+        {
+            FieldDescriptor ret;
+            fieldsByNumber.TryGetValue(new ObjectIntPair<IDescriptor>(messageDescriptor, number), out ret);
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        internal EnumValueDescriptor FindEnumValueByNumber(EnumDescriptor enumDescriptor, int number)
+        {
+            EnumValueDescriptor ret;
+            enumValuesByNumber.TryGetValue(new ObjectIntPair<IDescriptor>(enumDescriptor, number), out ret);
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a field to the fieldsByNumber table.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <exception cref="DescriptorValidationException">A field with the same
+        /// containing type and number already exists.</exception>
+        internal void AddFieldByNumber(FieldDescriptor field)
+        {
+            // for extensions, we use the extended type, otherwise we use the containing type
+            ObjectIntPair<IDescriptor> key = new ObjectIntPair<IDescriptor>(field.Proto.HasExtendee ? field.ExtendeeType : field.ContainingType, field.FieldNumber);
+            FieldDescriptor old;
+            if (fieldsByNumber.TryGetValue(key, out old))
+            {
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(field, "Field number " + field.FieldNumber +
+                                                               "has already been used in \"" +
+                                                               field.ContainingType.FullName +
+                                                               "\" by field \"" + old.Name + "\".");
+            }
+            fieldsByNumber[key] = field;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds an enum value to the enumValuesByNumber table. If an enum value
+        /// with the same type and number already exists, this method does nothing.
+        /// (This is allowed; the first value defined with the number takes precedence.)
+        /// </summary>
+        internal void AddEnumValueByNumber(EnumValueDescriptor enumValue)
+        {
+            ObjectIntPair<IDescriptor> key = new ObjectIntPair<IDescriptor>(enumValue.EnumDescriptor, enumValue.Number);
+            if (!enumValuesByNumber.ContainsKey(key))
+            {
+                enumValuesByNumber[key] = enumValue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Looks up a descriptor by name, relative to some other descriptor.
+        /// The name may be fully-qualified (with a leading '.'), partially-qualified,
+        /// or unqualified. C++-like name lookup semantics are used to search for the
+        /// matching descriptor.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This isn't heavily optimized, but it's only used during cross linking anyway.
+        /// If it starts being used more widely, we should look at performance more carefully.
+        /// </remarks>
+        internal IDescriptor LookupSymbol(string name, IDescriptor relativeTo)
+        {
+            IDescriptor result;
+            if (name.StartsWith("."))
+            {
+                // Fully-qualified name.
+                result = FindSymbol<IDescriptor>(name.Substring(1));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // If "name" is a compound identifier, we want to search for the
+                // first component of it, then search within it for the rest.
+                int firstPartLength = name.IndexOf('.');
+                string firstPart = firstPartLength == -1 ? name : name.Substring(0, firstPartLength);
+
+                // We will search each parent scope of "relativeTo" looking for the
+                // symbol.
+                StringBuilder scopeToTry = new StringBuilder(relativeTo.FullName);
+
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    // Chop off the last component of the scope.
+
+                    int dotpos = scopeToTry.ToString().LastIndexOf(".");
+                    if (dotpos == -1)
+                    {
+                        result = FindSymbol<IDescriptor>(name);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        scopeToTry.Length = dotpos + 1;
+
+                        // Append firstPart and try to find.
+                        scopeToTry.Append(firstPart);
+                        result = FindSymbol<IDescriptor>(scopeToTry.ToString());
+
+                        if (result != null)
+                        {
+                            if (firstPartLength != -1)
+                            {
+                                // We only found the first part of the symbol.  Now look for
+                                // the whole thing.  If this fails, we *don't* want to keep
+                                // searching parent scopes.
+                                scopeToTry.Length = dotpos + 1;
+                                scopeToTry.Append(name);
+                                result = FindSymbol<IDescriptor>(scopeToTry.ToString());
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        // Not found.  Remove the name so we can try again.
+                        scopeToTry.Length = dotpos;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (result == null)
+            {
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(relativeTo, "\"" + name + "\" is not defined.");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorUtil.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorUtil.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5570fc40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorUtil.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Internal class containing utility methods when working with descriptors.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static class DescriptorUtil
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Equivalent to Func[TInput, int, TOutput] but usable in .NET 2.0. Only used to convert
+        /// arrays.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal delegate TOutput IndexedConverter<TInput, TOutput>(TInput element, int index);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the given array into a read-only list, applying the specified conversion to
+        /// each input element.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static IList<TOutput> ConvertAndMakeReadOnly<TInput, TOutput>
+            (IList<TInput> input, IndexedConverter<TInput, TOutput> converter)
+        {
+            TOutput[] array = new TOutput[input.Count];
+            for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
+            {
+                array[i] = converter(input[i], i);
+            }
+            return new ReadOnlyCollection<TOutput>(array);
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorValidationException.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorValidationException.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..143671dbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/DescriptorValidationException.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Thrown when building descriptors fails because the source DescriptorProtos
+    /// are not valid.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class DescriptorValidationException : Exception
+    {
+        private readonly String name;
+        private readonly string description;
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// The full name of the descriptor where the error occurred.
+        /// </value>
+        public String ProblemSymbolName
+        {
+            get { return name; }
+        }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// A human-readable description of the error. (The Message property
+        /// is made up of the descriptor's name and this description.)
+        /// </value>
+        public string Description
+        {
+            get { return description; }
+        }
+
+        internal DescriptorValidationException(IDescriptor problemDescriptor, string description) :
+            base(problemDescriptor.FullName + ": " + description)
+        {
+            // Note that problemDescriptor may be partially uninitialized, so we
+            // don't want to expose it directly to the user.  So, we only provide
+            // the name and the original proto.
+            name = problemDescriptor.FullName;
+            this.description = description;
+        }
+
+        internal DescriptorValidationException(IDescriptor problemDescriptor, string description, Exception cause) :
+            base(problemDescriptor.FullName + ": " + description, cause)
+        {
+            name = problemDescriptor.FullName;
+            this.description = description;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/EnumDescriptor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/EnumDescriptor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..264a88a06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/EnumDescriptor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Descriptor for an enum type in a .proto file.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class EnumDescriptor : DescriptorBase
+    {
+        private readonly EnumDescriptorProto proto;
+        private readonly MessageDescriptor containingType;
+        private readonly IList<EnumValueDescriptor> values;
+        private readonly Type clrType;
+
+        internal EnumDescriptor(EnumDescriptorProto proto, FileDescriptor file, MessageDescriptor parent, int index, Type clrType)
+            : base(file, file.ComputeFullName(parent, proto.Name), index)
+        {
+            this.proto = proto;
+            this.clrType = clrType;
+            containingType = parent;
+
+            if (proto.Value.Count == 0)
+            {
+                // We cannot allow enums with no values because this would mean there
+                // would be no valid default value for fields of this type.
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "Enums must contain at least one value.");
+            }
+
+            values = DescriptorUtil.ConvertAndMakeReadOnly(proto.Value,
+                                                           (value, i) => new EnumValueDescriptor(value, file, this, i));
+
+            File.DescriptorPool.AddSymbol(this);
+        }
+
+        internal EnumDescriptorProto Proto { get { return proto; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The brief name of the descriptor's target.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override string Name { get { return proto.Name; } }
+
+        internal override IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase> GetNestedDescriptorListForField(int fieldNumber)
+        {
+            switch (fieldNumber)
+            {
+                case EnumDescriptorProto.ValueFieldNumber:
+                    return (IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase>) Values;
+                default:
+                    return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The CLR type for this enum. For generated code, this will be a CLR enum type.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Type ClrType { get { return clrType; } }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// If this is a nested type, get the outer descriptor, otherwise null.
+        /// </value>
+        public MessageDescriptor ContainingType
+        {
+            get { return containingType; }
+        }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// An unmodifiable list of defined value descriptors for this enum.
+        /// </value>
+        public IList<EnumValueDescriptor> Values
+        {
+            get { return values; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Finds an enum value by number. If multiple enum values have the
+        /// same number, this returns the first defined value with that number.
+        /// If there is no value for the given number, this returns <c>null</c>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public EnumValueDescriptor FindValueByNumber(int number)
+        {
+            return File.DescriptorPool.FindEnumValueByNumber(this, number);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Finds an enum value by name.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">The unqualified name of the value (e.g. "FOO").</param>
+        /// <returns>The value's descriptor, or null if not found.</returns>
+        public EnumValueDescriptor FindValueByName(string name)
+        {
+            return File.DescriptorPool.FindSymbol<EnumValueDescriptor>(FullName + "." + name);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The (possibly empty) set of custom options for this enum.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Obsolete("CustomOptions are obsolete. Use GetOption")]
+        public CustomOptions CustomOptions => new CustomOptions(Proto.Options?._extensions?.ValuesByNumber);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a single value enum option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public T GetOption<T>(Extension<EnumOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            var value = Proto.Options.GetExtension(extension);
+            return value is IDeepCloneable<T> ? (value as IDeepCloneable<T>).Clone() : value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a repeated value enum option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public RepeatedField<T> GetOption<T>(RepeatedExtension<EnumOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            return Proto.Options.GetExtension(extension).Clone();
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/EnumValueDescriptor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/EnumValueDescriptor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..393382010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/EnumValueDescriptor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Descriptor for a single enum value within an enum in a .proto file.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class EnumValueDescriptor : DescriptorBase
+    {
+        private readonly EnumDescriptor enumDescriptor;
+        private readonly EnumValueDescriptorProto proto;
+
+        internal EnumValueDescriptor(EnumValueDescriptorProto proto, FileDescriptor file,
+                                     EnumDescriptor parent, int index)
+            : base(file, parent.FullName + "." + proto.Name, index)
+        {
+            this.proto = proto;
+            enumDescriptor = parent;
+            file.DescriptorPool.AddSymbol(this);
+            file.DescriptorPool.AddEnumValueByNumber(this);
+        }
+
+        internal EnumValueDescriptorProto Proto { get { return proto; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the name of the enum value described by this object.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override string Name { get { return proto.Name; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the number associated with this enum value.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Number { get { return Proto.Number; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the enum descriptor that this value is part of.
+        /// </summary>
+        public EnumDescriptor EnumDescriptor { get { return enumDescriptor; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The (possibly empty) set of custom options for this enum value.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Obsolete("CustomOptions are obsolete. Use GetOption")]
+        public CustomOptions CustomOptions => new CustomOptions(Proto.Options?._extensions?.ValuesByNumber);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a single value enum value option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public T GetOption<T>(Extension<EnumValueOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            var value = Proto.Options.GetExtension(extension);
+            return value is IDeepCloneable<T> ? (value as IDeepCloneable<T>).Clone() : value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a repeated value enum value option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public RepeatedField<T> GetOption<T>(RepeatedExtension<EnumValueOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            return Proto.Options.GetExtension(extension).Clone();
+        }
+    }
+}
+ 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ExtensionAccessor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ExtensionAccessor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81d6e35f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ExtensionAccessor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    internal sealed class ExtensionAccessor : IFieldAccessor
+    {
+        private readonly Extension extension;
+        private readonly ReflectionUtil.IExtensionReflectionHelper helper;
+
+        internal ExtensionAccessor(FieldDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            Descriptor = descriptor;
+            extension = descriptor.Extension;
+            helper = ReflectionUtil.CreateExtensionHelper(extension);
+        }
+
+        public FieldDescriptor Descriptor { get; }
+
+        public void Clear(IMessage message)
+        {
+            helper.ClearExtension(message);
+        }
+
+        public bool HasValue(IMessage message)
+        {
+            return helper.HasExtension(message);
+        }
+
+        public object GetValue(IMessage message)
+        {
+            return helper.GetExtension(message);
+        }
+
+        public void SetValue(IMessage message, object value)
+        {
+            helper.SetExtension(message, value);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ExtensionCollection.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ExtensionCollection.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38e33d7ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ExtensionCollection.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A collection to simplify retrieving the descriptors of extensions in a descriptor for a message
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class ExtensionCollection
+    {
+        private IDictionary<MessageDescriptor, IList<FieldDescriptor>> extensionsByTypeInDeclarationOrder;
+        private IDictionary<MessageDescriptor, IList<FieldDescriptor>> extensionsByTypeInNumberOrder;
+
+        internal ExtensionCollection(FileDescriptor file, Extension[] extensions)
+        {
+            UnorderedExtensions = DescriptorUtil.ConvertAndMakeReadOnly(
+                file.Proto.Extension,
+                (extension, i) => {
+                    if (extensions?.Length != 0)
+                    {
+                        return new FieldDescriptor(extension, file, null, i, null, extensions?[i]);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        return new FieldDescriptor(extension, file, null, i, null, null); // return null if there's no extensions in this array for old code-gen
+                    }
+                });
+        }
+
+        internal ExtensionCollection(MessageDescriptor message, Extension[] extensions)
+        {
+            UnorderedExtensions = DescriptorUtil.ConvertAndMakeReadOnly(
+                message.Proto.Extension,
+                (extension, i) => {
+                    if (extensions?.Length != 0)
+                    {
+                        return new FieldDescriptor(extension, message.File, message, i, null, extensions?[i]);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        return new FieldDescriptor(extension, message.File, message, i, null, null);
+                    }
+                });
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a readonly list of all the extensions defined in this type in 
+        /// the order they were defined in the source .proto file
+        /// </summary>
+        public IList<FieldDescriptor> UnorderedExtensions { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a readonly list of all the extensions define in this type that extend 
+        /// the provided descriptor type in the order they were defined in the source .proto file
+        /// </summary>
+        public IList<FieldDescriptor> GetExtensionsInDeclarationOrder(MessageDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            return extensionsByTypeInDeclarationOrder[descriptor];
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a readonly list of all the extensions define in this type that extend 
+        /// the provided descriptor type in accending field order
+        /// </summary>
+        public IList<FieldDescriptor> GetExtensionsInNumberOrder(MessageDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            return extensionsByTypeInNumberOrder[descriptor];
+        }
+
+        internal void CrossLink()
+        {
+            Dictionary<MessageDescriptor, IList<FieldDescriptor>> declarationOrder = new Dictionary<MessageDescriptor, IList<FieldDescriptor>>();
+            foreach (FieldDescriptor descriptor in UnorderedExtensions)
+            {
+                descriptor.CrossLink();
+
+                IList<FieldDescriptor> _;
+                if (!declarationOrder.TryGetValue(descriptor.ExtendeeType, out _))
+                {
+                    declarationOrder.Add(descriptor.ExtendeeType, new List<FieldDescriptor>());
+                }
+
+                declarationOrder[descriptor.ExtendeeType].Add(descriptor);
+            }
+
+            extensionsByTypeInDeclarationOrder = declarationOrder
+                .ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => (IList<FieldDescriptor>)new ReadOnlyCollection<FieldDescriptor>(kvp.Value));
+            extensionsByTypeInNumberOrder = declarationOrder
+                .ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => (IList<FieldDescriptor>)new ReadOnlyCollection<FieldDescriptor>(kvp.Value.OrderBy(field => field.FieldNumber).ToArray()));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FieldAccessorBase.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FieldAccessorBase.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85b7d39a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FieldAccessorBase.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Google.Protobuf.Compatibility;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Base class for field accessors.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal abstract class FieldAccessorBase : IFieldAccessor
+    {
+        private readonly Func<IMessage, object> getValueDelegate;
+        private readonly FieldDescriptor descriptor;
+
+        internal FieldAccessorBase(PropertyInfo property, FieldDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            this.descriptor = descriptor;
+            getValueDelegate = ReflectionUtil.CreateFuncIMessageObject(property.GetGetMethod());
+        }
+
+        public FieldDescriptor Descriptor { get { return descriptor; } }
+
+        public object GetValue(IMessage message)
+        {
+            return getValueDelegate(message);
+        }
+
+        public abstract bool HasValue(IMessage message);
+        public abstract void Clear(IMessage message);
+        public abstract void SetValue(IMessage message, object value);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FieldDescriptor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FieldDescriptor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ddd671aad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FieldDescriptor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using Google.Protobuf.Compatibility;
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Descriptor for a field or extension within a message in a .proto file.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class FieldDescriptor : DescriptorBase, IComparable<FieldDescriptor>
+    {
+        private EnumDescriptor enumType;
+        private MessageDescriptor extendeeType;
+        private MessageDescriptor messageType;
+        private FieldType fieldType;
+        private readonly string propertyName; // Annoyingly, needed in Crosslink.
+        private IFieldAccessor accessor;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the field's containing message type, or <c>null</c> if it is a field defined at the top level of a file as an extension.
+        /// </summary>
+        public MessageDescriptor ContainingType { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the oneof containing this field, or <c>null</c> if it is not part of a oneof.
+        /// </summary>
+        public OneofDescriptor ContainingOneof { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The effective JSON name for this field. This is usually the lower-camel-cased form of the field name,
+        /// but can be overridden using the <c>json_name</c> option in the .proto file.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string JsonName { get; }
+
+        internal FieldDescriptorProto Proto { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// An extension identifier for this field, or <c>null</c> if this field isn't an extension.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Extension Extension { get; }
+
+        internal FieldDescriptor(FieldDescriptorProto proto, FileDescriptor file,
+                                 MessageDescriptor parent, int index, string propertyName, Extension extension)
+            : base(file, file.ComputeFullName(parent, proto.Name), index)
+        {
+            Proto = proto;
+            if (proto.Type != 0)
+            {
+                fieldType = GetFieldTypeFromProtoType(proto.Type);
+            }
+
+            if (FieldNumber <= 0)
+            {
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "Field numbers must be positive integers.");
+            }
+            ContainingType = parent;
+            if (proto.HasOneofIndex)
+            {
+                if (proto.OneofIndex < 0 || proto.OneofIndex >= parent.Proto.OneofDecl.Count)
+                {
+                    throw new DescriptorValidationException(this,
+                        $"FieldDescriptorProto.oneof_index is out of range for type {parent.Name}");
+                }
+                ContainingOneof = parent.Oneofs[proto.OneofIndex];
+            }
+
+            file.DescriptorPool.AddSymbol(this);
+            // We can't create the accessor until we've cross-linked, unfortunately, as we
+            // may not know whether the type of the field is a map or not. Remember the property name
+            // for later.
+            // We could trust the generated code and check whether the type of the property is
+            // a MapField, but that feels a tad nasty.
+            this.propertyName = propertyName;
+            Extension = extension;
+            JsonName =  Proto.JsonName == "" ? JsonFormatter.ToJsonName(Proto.Name) : Proto.JsonName;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The brief name of the descriptor's target.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override string Name => Proto.Name;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the accessor for this field.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>
+        /// While a <see cref="FieldDescriptor"/> describes the field, it does not provide
+        /// any way of obtaining or changing the value of the field within a specific message;
+        /// that is the responsibility of the accessor.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        /// In descriptors for generated code, the value returned by this property will be non-null for all
+        /// regular fields. However, if a message containing a map field is introspected, the list of nested messages will include
+        /// an auto-generated nested key/value pair message for the field. This is not represented in any
+        /// generated type, and the value of the map field itself is represented by a dictionary in the
+        /// reflection API. There are never instances of those "hidden" messages, so no accessor is provided
+        /// and this property will return null.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        /// In dynamically loaded descriptors, the value returned by this property will current be null;
+        /// if and when dynamic messages are supported, it will return a suitable accessor to work with
+        /// them.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        public IFieldAccessor Accessor => accessor;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Maps a field type as included in the .proto file to a FieldType.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static FieldType GetFieldTypeFromProtoType(FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type type)
+        {
+            switch (type)
+            {
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Double:
+                    return FieldType.Double;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Float:
+                    return FieldType.Float;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Int64:
+                    return FieldType.Int64;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Uint64:
+                    return FieldType.UInt64;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Int32:
+                    return FieldType.Int32;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Fixed64:
+                    return FieldType.Fixed64;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Fixed32:
+                    return FieldType.Fixed32;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Bool:
+                    return FieldType.Bool;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.String:
+                    return FieldType.String;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Group:
+                    return FieldType.Group;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Message:
+                    return FieldType.Message;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Bytes:
+                    return FieldType.Bytes;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Uint32:
+                    return FieldType.UInt32;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Enum:
+                    return FieldType.Enum;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Sfixed32:
+                    return FieldType.SFixed32;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Sfixed64:
+                    return FieldType.SFixed64;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Sint32:
+                    return FieldType.SInt32;
+                case FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Type.Sint64:
+                    return FieldType.SInt64;
+                default:
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Invalid type specified");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns <c>true</c> if this field is a repeated field; <c>false</c> otherwise.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsRepeated => Proto.Label == FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Label.Repeated;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns <c>true</c> if this field is a required field; <c>false</c> otherwise.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsRequired => Proto.Label == FieldDescriptorProto.Types.Label.Required;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns <c>true</c> if this field is a map field; <c>false</c> otherwise.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsMap => fieldType == FieldType.Message && messageType.Proto.Options != null && messageType.Proto.Options.MapEntry;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns <c>true</c> if this field is a packed, repeated field; <c>false</c> otherwise.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsPacked
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (File.Syntax != Syntax.Proto3)
+                {
+                    return Proto.Options?.Packed ?? false;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return !Proto.Options.HasPacked || Proto.Options.Packed;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns <c>true</c> if this field extends another message type; <c>false</c> otherwise.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsExtension => Proto.HasExtendee;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the type of the field.
+        /// </summary>
+        public FieldType FieldType => fieldType;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the field number declared in the proto file.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int FieldNumber => Proto.Number;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Compares this descriptor with another one, ordering in "canonical" order
+        /// which simply means ascending order by field number. <paramref name="other"/>
+        /// must be a field of the same type, i.e. the <see cref="ContainingType"/> of
+        /// both fields must be the same.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int CompareTo(FieldDescriptor other)
+        {
+            if (other.ContainingType != ContainingType)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("FieldDescriptors can only be compared to other FieldDescriptors " +
+                                            "for fields of the same message type.");
+            }
+            return FieldNumber - other.FieldNumber;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// For enum fields, returns the field's type.
+        /// </summary>
+        public EnumDescriptor EnumType
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (fieldType != FieldType.Enum)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("EnumType is only valid for enum fields.");
+                }
+                return enumType;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// For embedded message and group fields, returns the field's type.
+        /// </summary>
+        public MessageDescriptor MessageType
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (fieldType != FieldType.Message && fieldType != FieldType.Group)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("MessageType is only valid for message or group fields.");
+                }
+                return messageType;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// For extension fields, returns the extended type
+        /// </summary>
+        public MessageDescriptor ExtendeeType
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (!Proto.HasExtendee)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("ExtendeeType is only valid for extension fields.");
+                }
+                return extendeeType;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The (possibly empty) set of custom options for this field.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Obsolete("CustomOptions are obsolete. Use GetOption")]
+        public CustomOptions CustomOptions => new CustomOptions(Proto.Options?._extensions?.ValuesByNumber);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a single value field option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public T GetOption<T>(Extension<FieldOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            var value = Proto.Options.GetExtension(extension);
+            return value is IDeepCloneable<T> ? (value as IDeepCloneable<T>).Clone() : value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a repeated value field option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public RepeatedField<T> GetOption<T>(RepeatedExtension<FieldOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            return Proto.Options.GetExtension(extension).Clone();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Look up and cross-link all field types etc.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal void CrossLink()
+        {
+            if (Proto.HasTypeName)
+            {
+                IDescriptor typeDescriptor =
+                    File.DescriptorPool.LookupSymbol(Proto.TypeName, this);
+
+                if (Proto.HasType)
+                {
+                    // Choose field type based on symbol.
+                    if (typeDescriptor is MessageDescriptor)
+                    {
+                        fieldType = FieldType.Message;
+                    }
+                    else if (typeDescriptor is EnumDescriptor)
+                    {
+                        fieldType = FieldType.Enum;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, $"\"{Proto.TypeName}\" is not a type.");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (fieldType == FieldType.Message || fieldType == FieldType.Group)
+                {
+                    if (!(typeDescriptor is MessageDescriptor))
+                    {
+                        throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, $"\"{Proto.TypeName}\" is not a message type.");
+                    }
+                    messageType = (MessageDescriptor) typeDescriptor;
+
+                    if (Proto.HasDefaultValue)
+                    {
+                        throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "Messages can't have default values.");
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (fieldType == FieldType.Enum)
+                {
+                    if (!(typeDescriptor is EnumDescriptor))
+                    {
+                        throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, $"\"{Proto.TypeName}\" is not an enum type.");
+                    }
+                    enumType = (EnumDescriptor) typeDescriptor;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "Field with primitive type has type_name.");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (fieldType == FieldType.Message || fieldType == FieldType.Enum)
+                {
+                    throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "Field with message or enum type missing type_name.");
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (Proto.HasExtendee)
+            {
+                extendeeType = File.DescriptorPool.LookupSymbol(Proto.Extendee, this) as MessageDescriptor;
+            }
+
+            // Note: no attempt to perform any default value parsing
+
+            File.DescriptorPool.AddFieldByNumber(this);
+
+            if (ContainingType != null && ContainingType.Proto.HasOptions && ContainingType.Proto.Options.MessageSetWireFormat)
+            {
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "MessageSet format is not supported.");
+            }
+            accessor = CreateAccessor();
+        }
+
+        private IFieldAccessor CreateAccessor()
+        {
+            if (Extension != null)
+            {
+                return new ExtensionAccessor(this);
+            }
+
+            // If we're given no property name, that's because we really don't want an accessor.
+            // This could be because it's a map message, or it could be that we're loading a FileDescriptor dynamically.
+            // TODO: Support dynamic messages.
+            if (propertyName == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var property = ContainingType.ClrType.GetProperty(propertyName);
+            if (property == null)
+            {
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, $"Property {propertyName} not found in {ContainingType.ClrType}");
+            }
+            return IsMap ? new MapFieldAccessor(property, this)
+                : IsRepeated ? new RepeatedFieldAccessor(property, this)
+                : (IFieldAccessor) new SingleFieldAccessor(property, this);
+        }
+    }
+}
+ 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FieldType.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FieldType.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37af17915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FieldType.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Enumeration of all the possible field types.
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum FieldType
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>double</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        Double,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>float</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        Float,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>int64</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        Int64,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>uint64</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        UInt64,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>int32</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        Int32,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>fixed64</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        Fixed64,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>fixed32</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        Fixed32,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>bool</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        Bool,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>string</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        String,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The field type used for groups.
+        /// </summary>
+        Group,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The field type used for message fields.
+        /// </summary>
+        Message,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>bytes</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        Bytes,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>uint32</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        UInt32,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>sfixed32</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        SFixed32,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>sfixed64</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        SFixed64,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>sint32</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        SInt32,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The <c>sint64</c> field type.
+        /// </summary>
+        SInt64,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The field type used for enum fields.
+        /// </summary>
+        Enum
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FileDescriptor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FileDescriptor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56c0caacf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/FileDescriptor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,583 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using static Google.Protobuf.Reflection.SourceCodeInfo.Types;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The syntax of a .proto file
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum Syntax
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Proto2 syntax
+        /// </summary>
+        Proto2,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Proto3 syntax
+        /// </summary>
+        Proto3,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// An unknown declared syntax
+        /// </summary>
+        Unknown
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Describes a .proto file, including everything defined within.
+    /// IDescriptor is implemented such that the File property returns this descriptor,
+    /// and the FullName is the same as the Name.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class FileDescriptor : IDescriptor
+    {
+        // Prevent linker failures when using IL2CPP with the well-known types.
+        static FileDescriptor()
+        {
+            ForceReflectionInitialization<Syntax>();
+            ForceReflectionInitialization<NullValue>();
+            ForceReflectionInitialization<Field.Types.Cardinality>();
+            ForceReflectionInitialization<Field.Types.Kind>();
+            ForceReflectionInitialization<Value.KindOneofCase>();
+        }
+
+        private readonly Lazy<Dictionary<IDescriptor, DescriptorDeclaration>> declarations;
+
+        private FileDescriptor(ByteString descriptorData, FileDescriptorProto proto, IEnumerable<FileDescriptor> dependencies, DescriptorPool pool, bool allowUnknownDependencies, GeneratedClrTypeInfo generatedCodeInfo)
+        {
+            SerializedData = descriptorData;
+            DescriptorPool = pool;
+            Proto = proto;
+            Dependencies = new ReadOnlyCollection<FileDescriptor>(dependencies.ToList());
+
+            PublicDependencies = DeterminePublicDependencies(this, proto, dependencies, allowUnknownDependencies);
+
+            pool.AddPackage(Package, this);
+
+            MessageTypes = DescriptorUtil.ConvertAndMakeReadOnly(proto.MessageType,
+                                                                 (message, index) =>
+                                                                 new MessageDescriptor(message, this, null, index, generatedCodeInfo?.NestedTypes[index]));
+
+            EnumTypes = DescriptorUtil.ConvertAndMakeReadOnly(proto.EnumType,
+                                                              (enumType, index) =>
+                                                              new EnumDescriptor(enumType, this, null, index, generatedCodeInfo?.NestedEnums[index]));
+
+            Services = DescriptorUtil.ConvertAndMakeReadOnly(proto.Service,
+                                                             (service, index) =>
+                                                             new ServiceDescriptor(service, this, index));
+
+            Extensions = new ExtensionCollection(this, generatedCodeInfo?.Extensions);
+
+            declarations = new Lazy<Dictionary<IDescriptor, DescriptorDeclaration>>(CreateDeclarationMap, LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication);
+
+            if (!proto.HasSyntax || proto.Syntax == "proto2")
+            {
+                Syntax = Syntax.Proto2;
+            }
+            else if (proto.Syntax == "proto3")
+            {
+                Syntax = Syntax.Proto3;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Syntax = Syntax.Unknown;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Dictionary<IDescriptor, DescriptorDeclaration> CreateDeclarationMap()
+        {
+            var dictionary = new Dictionary<IDescriptor, DescriptorDeclaration>();
+            foreach (var location in Proto.SourceCodeInfo?.Location ?? Enumerable.Empty<Location>())
+            {
+                var descriptor = FindDescriptorForPath(location.Path);
+                if (descriptor != null)
+                {
+                    dictionary[descriptor] = DescriptorDeclaration.FromProto(descriptor, location);
+                }
+            }
+            return dictionary;
+        }
+
+        private IDescriptor FindDescriptorForPath(IList<int> path)
+        {
+            // All complete declarations have an even, non-empty path length
+            // (There can be an empty path for a descriptor declaration, but that can't have any comments,
+            // so we currently ignore it.)
+            if (path.Count == 0 || (path.Count & 1) != 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase> topLevelList = GetNestedDescriptorListForField(path[0]);
+            DescriptorBase current = GetDescriptorFromList(topLevelList, path[1]);
+
+            for (int i = 2; current != null && i < path.Count; i += 2)
+            {
+                var list = current.GetNestedDescriptorListForField(path[i]);
+                current = GetDescriptorFromList(list, path[i + 1]);
+            }
+            return current;
+        }
+
+        private DescriptorBase GetDescriptorFromList(IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase> list, int index)
+        {
+            // This is fine: it may be a newer version of protobuf than we understand, with a new descriptor
+            // field.
+            if (list == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            // We *could* return null to silently continue, but this is basically data corruption.
+            if (index < 0 || index >= list.Count)
+            {
+                // We don't have much extra information to give at this point unfortunately. If this becomes a problem,
+                // we can pass in the complete path and report that and the file name.
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException($"Invalid descriptor location path: index out of range");
+            }
+            return list[index];
+        }
+
+        private IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase> GetNestedDescriptorListForField(int fieldNumber)
+        {
+            switch (fieldNumber)
+            {
+                case FileDescriptorProto.ServiceFieldNumber:
+                    return (IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase>) Services;
+                case FileDescriptorProto.MessageTypeFieldNumber:
+                    return (IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase>) MessageTypes;
+                case FileDescriptorProto.EnumTypeFieldNumber:
+                    return (IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase>) EnumTypes;
+                default:
+                    return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal DescriptorDeclaration GetDeclaration(IDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            DescriptorDeclaration declaration;
+            declarations.Value.TryGetValue(descriptor, out declaration);
+            return declaration;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the full name of a descriptor within this file, with an optional parent message.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal string ComputeFullName(MessageDescriptor parent, string name)
+        {
+            if (parent != null)
+            {
+                return parent.FullName + "." + name;
+            }
+            if (Package.Length > 0)
+            {
+                return Package + "." + name;
+            }
+            return name;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Extracts public dependencies from direct dependencies. This is a static method despite its
+        /// first parameter, as the value we're in the middle of constructing is only used for exceptions.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static IList<FileDescriptor> DeterminePublicDependencies(FileDescriptor @this, FileDescriptorProto proto, IEnumerable<FileDescriptor> dependencies, bool allowUnknownDependencies)
+        {
+            var nameToFileMap = dependencies.ToDictionary(file => file.Name);
+            var publicDependencies = new List<FileDescriptor>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < proto.PublicDependency.Count; i++)
+            {
+                int index = proto.PublicDependency[i];
+                if (index < 0 || index >= proto.Dependency.Count)
+                {
+                    throw new DescriptorValidationException(@this, "Invalid public dependency index.");
+                }
+                string name = proto.Dependency[index];
+                FileDescriptor file;
+                if (!nameToFileMap.TryGetValue(name, out file))
+                {
+                    if (!allowUnknownDependencies)
+                    {
+                        throw new DescriptorValidationException(@this, "Invalid public dependency: " + name);
+                    }
+                    // Ignore unknown dependencies.
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    publicDependencies.Add(file);
+                }
+            }
+            return new ReadOnlyCollection<FileDescriptor>(publicDependencies);
+        }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// The descriptor in its protocol message representation.
+        /// </value>
+        internal FileDescriptorProto Proto { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The syntax of the file
+        /// </summary>
+        public Syntax Syntax { get; }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// The file name.
+        /// </value>
+        public string Name => Proto.Name;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The package as declared in the .proto file. This may or may not
+        /// be equivalent to the .NET namespace of the generated classes.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string Package => Proto.Package;
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// Unmodifiable list of top-level message types declared in this file.
+        /// </value>
+        public IList<MessageDescriptor> MessageTypes { get; }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// Unmodifiable list of top-level enum types declared in this file.
+        /// </value>
+        public IList<EnumDescriptor> EnumTypes { get; }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// Unmodifiable list of top-level services declared in this file.
+        /// </value>
+        public IList<ServiceDescriptor> Services { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unmodifiable list of top-level extensions declared in this file.
+        /// Note that some extensions may be incomplete (FieldDescriptor.Extension may be null)
+        /// if this descriptor was generated using a version of protoc that did not fully
+        /// support extensions in C#.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ExtensionCollection Extensions { get; }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// Unmodifiable list of this file's dependencies (imports).
+        /// </value>
+        public IList<FileDescriptor> Dependencies { get; }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// Unmodifiable list of this file's public dependencies (public imports).
+        /// </value>
+        public IList<FileDescriptor> PublicDependencies { get; }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// The original serialized binary form of this descriptor.
+        /// </value>
+        public ByteString SerializedData { get; }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// Implementation of IDescriptor.FullName - just returns the same as Name.
+        /// </value>
+        string IDescriptor.FullName => Name;
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// Implementation of IDescriptor.File - just returns this descriptor.
+        /// </value>
+        FileDescriptor IDescriptor.File => this;
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// Pool containing symbol descriptors.
+        /// </value>
+        internal DescriptorPool DescriptorPool { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Finds a type (message, enum, service or extension) in the file by name. Does not find nested types.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">The unqualified type name to look for.</param>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of descriptor to look for</typeparam>
+        /// <returns>The type's descriptor, or null if not found.</returns>
+        public T FindTypeByName<T>(String name)
+            where T : class, IDescriptor
+        {
+            // Don't allow looking up nested types.  This will make optimization
+            // easier later.
+            if (name.IndexOf('.') != -1)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            if (Package.Length > 0)
+            {
+                name = Package + "." + name;
+            }
+            T result = DescriptorPool.FindSymbol<T>(name);
+            if (result != null && result.File == this)
+            {
+                return result;
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builds a FileDescriptor from its protocol buffer representation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="descriptorData">The original serialized descriptor data.
+        /// We have only limited proto2 support, so serializing FileDescriptorProto
+        /// would not necessarily give us this.</param>
+        /// <param name="proto">The protocol message form of the FileDescriptor.</param>
+        /// <param name="dependencies">FileDescriptors corresponding to all of the
+        /// file's dependencies, in the exact order listed in the .proto file. May be null,
+        /// in which case it is treated as an empty array.</param>
+        /// <param name="allowUnknownDependencies">Whether unknown dependencies are ignored (true) or cause an exception to be thrown (false).</param>
+        /// <param name="generatedCodeInfo">Details about generated code, for the purposes of reflection.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="DescriptorValidationException">If <paramref name="proto"/> is not
+        /// a valid descriptor. This can occur for a number of reasons, such as a field
+        /// having an undefined type or because two messages were defined with the same name.</exception>
+        private static FileDescriptor BuildFrom(ByteString descriptorData, FileDescriptorProto proto, FileDescriptor[] dependencies, bool allowUnknownDependencies, GeneratedClrTypeInfo generatedCodeInfo)
+        {
+            // Building descriptors involves two steps: translating and linking.
+            // In the translation step (implemented by FileDescriptor's
+            // constructor), we build an object tree mirroring the
+            // FileDescriptorProto's tree and put all of the descriptors into the
+            // DescriptorPool's lookup tables.  In the linking step, we look up all
+            // type references in the DescriptorPool, so that, for example, a
+            // FieldDescriptor for an embedded message contains a pointer directly
+            // to the Descriptor for that message's type.  We also detect undefined
+            // types in the linking step.
+            if (dependencies == null)
+            {
+                dependencies = new FileDescriptor[0];
+            }
+
+            DescriptorPool pool = new DescriptorPool(dependencies);
+            FileDescriptor result = new FileDescriptor(descriptorData, proto, dependencies, pool, allowUnknownDependencies, generatedCodeInfo);
+
+            // Validate that the dependencies we've been passed (as FileDescriptors) are actually the ones we
+            // need.
+            if (dependencies.Length != proto.Dependency.Count)
+            {
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+                    result,
+                    "Dependencies passed to FileDescriptor.BuildFrom() don't match " +
+                    "those listed in the FileDescriptorProto.");
+            }
+
+            result.CrossLink();
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        private void CrossLink()
+        {
+            foreach (MessageDescriptor message in MessageTypes)
+            {
+                message.CrossLink();
+            }
+
+            foreach (ServiceDescriptor service in Services)
+            {
+                service.CrossLink();
+            }
+
+            Extensions.CrossLink();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a descriptor for generated code.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method is only designed to be used by the results of generating code with protoc,
+        /// which creates the appropriate dependencies etc. It has to be public because the generated
+        /// code is "external", but should not be called directly by end users.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public static FileDescriptor FromGeneratedCode(
+            byte[] descriptorData,
+            FileDescriptor[] dependencies,
+            GeneratedClrTypeInfo generatedCodeInfo)
+        {
+            ExtensionRegistry registry = new ExtensionRegistry();
+            registry.AddRange(GetAllExtensions(dependencies, generatedCodeInfo));
+    
+            FileDescriptorProto proto;
+            try
+            {
+                proto = FileDescriptorProto.Parser.WithExtensionRegistry(registry).ParseFrom(descriptorData);
+            }
+            catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Failed to parse protocol buffer descriptor for generated code.", e);
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                // When building descriptors for generated code, we allow unknown
+                // dependencies by default.
+                return BuildFrom(ByteString.CopyFrom(descriptorData), proto, dependencies, true, generatedCodeInfo);
+            }
+            catch (DescriptorValidationException e)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid embedded descriptor for \"{proto.Name}\".", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static IEnumerable<Extension> GetAllExtensions(FileDescriptor[] dependencies, GeneratedClrTypeInfo generatedInfo)
+        {
+            return dependencies.SelectMany(GetAllDependedExtensions).Distinct(ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionComparer.Instance).Concat(GetAllGeneratedExtensions(generatedInfo));
+        }
+
+        private static IEnumerable<Extension> GetAllGeneratedExtensions(GeneratedClrTypeInfo generated)
+        {
+            return generated.Extensions.Concat(generated.NestedTypes.Where(t => t != null).SelectMany(GetAllGeneratedExtensions));
+        }
+
+        private static IEnumerable<Extension> GetAllDependedExtensions(FileDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            return descriptor.Extensions.UnorderedExtensions
+                .Select(s => s.Extension)
+                .Where(e => e != null)
+                .Concat(descriptor.Dependencies.Concat(descriptor.PublicDependencies).SelectMany(GetAllDependedExtensions))
+                .Concat(descriptor.MessageTypes.SelectMany(GetAllDependedExtensionsFromMessage));
+        }
+
+        private static IEnumerable<Extension> GetAllDependedExtensionsFromMessage(MessageDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            return descriptor.Extensions.UnorderedExtensions
+                .Select(s => s.Extension)
+                .Where(e => e != null)
+                .Concat(descriptor.NestedTypes.SelectMany(GetAllDependedExtensionsFromMessage));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the given descriptor binary data into FileDescriptor objects.
+        /// Note: reflection using the returned FileDescriptors is not currently supported.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="descriptorData">The binary file descriptor proto data. Must not be null, and any
+        /// dependencies must come before the descriptor which depends on them. (If A depends on B, and B
+        /// depends on C, then the descriptors must be presented in the order C, B, A.) This is compatible
+        /// with the order in which protoc provides descriptors to plugins.</param>
+        /// <returns>The file descriptors corresponding to <paramref name="descriptorData"/>.</returns>
+        public static IReadOnlyList<FileDescriptor> BuildFromByteStrings(IEnumerable<ByteString> descriptorData)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(descriptorData, nameof(descriptorData));
+
+            // TODO: See if we can build a single DescriptorPool instead of building lots of them.
+            // This will all behave correctly, but it's less efficient than we'd like.
+            var descriptors = new List<FileDescriptor>();
+            var descriptorsByName = new Dictionary<string, FileDescriptor>();
+            foreach (var data in descriptorData)
+            {
+                var proto = FileDescriptorProto.Parser.ParseFrom(data);
+                var dependencies = new List<FileDescriptor>();
+                foreach (var dependencyName in proto.Dependency)
+                {
+                    FileDescriptor dependency;
+                    if (!descriptorsByName.TryGetValue(dependencyName, out dependency))
+                    {
+                        throw new ArgumentException($"Dependency missing: {dependencyName}");
+                    }
+                    dependencies.Add(dependency);
+                }
+                var pool = new DescriptorPool(dependencies);
+                FileDescriptor descriptor = new FileDescriptor(
+                    data, proto, dependencies, pool,
+                    allowUnknownDependencies: false, generatedCodeInfo: null);
+                descriptor.CrossLink();
+                descriptors.Add(descriptor);
+                if (descriptorsByName.ContainsKey(descriptor.Name))
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException($"Duplicate descriptor name: {descriptor.Name}");
+                }
+                descriptorsByName.Add(descriptor.Name, descriptor);
+            }
+            return new ReadOnlyCollection<FileDescriptor>(descriptors);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a <see cref="System.String" /> that represents this instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="System.String" /> that represents this instance.
+        /// </returns>
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return $"FileDescriptor for {Name}";
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the file descriptor for descriptor.proto.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This is used for protos which take a direct dependency on <c>descriptor.proto</c>, typically for
+        /// annotations. While <c>descriptor.proto</c> is a proto2 file, it is built into the Google.Protobuf
+        /// runtime for reflection purposes. The messages are internal to the runtime as they would require
+        /// proto2 semantics for full support, but the file descriptor is available via this property. The
+        /// C# codegen in protoc automatically uses this property when it detects a dependency on <c>descriptor.proto</c>.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The file descriptor for <c>descriptor.proto</c>.
+        /// </value>
+        public static FileDescriptor DescriptorProtoFileDescriptor { get { return DescriptorReflection.Descriptor; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The (possibly empty) set of custom options for this file.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Obsolete("CustomOptions are obsolete. Use GetOption")]
+        public CustomOptions CustomOptions => new CustomOptions(Proto.Options?._extensions?.ValuesByNumber);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a single value file option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public T GetOption<T>(Extension<FileOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            var value = Proto.Options.GetExtension(extension);
+            return value is IDeepCloneable<T> ? (value as IDeepCloneable<T>).Clone() : value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a repeated value file option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public RepeatedField<T> GetOption<T>(RepeatedExtension<FileOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            return Proto.Options.GetExtension(extension).Clone();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs initialization for the given generic type argument.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method is present for the sake of AOT compilers. It allows code (whether handwritten or generated)
+        /// to make calls into the reflection machinery of this library to express an intention to use that type
+        /// reflectively (e.g. for JSON parsing and formatting). The call itself does almost nothing, but AOT compilers
+        /// attempting to determine which generic type arguments need to be handled will spot the code path and act
+        /// accordingly.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to force initialization for.</typeparam>
+        public static void ForceReflectionInitialization<T>() => ReflectionUtil.ForceInitialize<T>();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/GeneratedClrTypeInfo.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/GeneratedClrTypeInfo.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..479e17713
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/GeneratedClrTypeInfo.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Extra information provided by generated code when initializing a message or file descriptor.
+    /// These are constructed as required, and are not long-lived. Hand-written code should
+    /// never need to use this type.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class GeneratedClrTypeInfo
+    {
+        private static readonly string[] EmptyNames = new string[0];
+        private static readonly GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] EmptyCodeInfo = new GeneratedClrTypeInfo[0];
+        private static readonly Extension[] EmptyExtensions = new Extension[0];
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Irrelevant for file descriptors; the CLR type for the message for message descriptors.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Type ClrType { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Irrelevant for file descriptors; the parser for message descriptors.
+        /// </summary>
+        public MessageParser Parser { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Irrelevant for file descriptors; the CLR property names (in message descriptor field order)
+        /// for fields in the message for message descriptors.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string[] PropertyNames { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The extensions defined within this file/message descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public Extension[] Extensions { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Irrelevant for file descriptors; the CLR property "base" names (in message descriptor oneof order)
+        /// for oneofs in the message for message descriptors. It is expected that for a oneof name of "Foo",
+        /// there will be a "FooCase" property and a "ClearFoo" method.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string[] OneofNames { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The reflection information for types within this file/message descriptor. Elements may be null
+        /// if there is no corresponding generated type, e.g. for map entry types.
+        /// </summary>
+        public GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] NestedTypes { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The CLR types for enums within this file/message descriptor.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Type[] NestedEnums { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a GeneratedClrTypeInfo for a message descriptor, with nested types, nested enums, the CLR type, property names and oneof names.
+        /// Each array parameter may be null, to indicate a lack of values.
+        /// The parameter order is designed to make it feasible to format the generated code readably.
+        /// </summary>
+        public GeneratedClrTypeInfo(Type clrType, MessageParser parser, string[] propertyNames, string[] oneofNames, Type[] nestedEnums, Extension[] extensions, GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] nestedTypes)
+        {
+            NestedTypes = nestedTypes ?? EmptyCodeInfo;
+            NestedEnums = nestedEnums ?? ReflectionUtil.EmptyTypes;
+            ClrType = clrType;
+            Extensions = extensions ?? EmptyExtensions;
+            Parser = parser;
+            PropertyNames = propertyNames ?? EmptyNames;
+            OneofNames = oneofNames ?? EmptyNames;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a GeneratedClrTypeInfo for a message descriptor, with nested types, nested enums, the CLR type, property names and oneof names.
+        /// Each array parameter may be null, to indicate a lack of values.
+        /// The parameter order is designed to make it feasible to format the generated code readably.
+        /// </summary>
+        public GeneratedClrTypeInfo(Type clrType, MessageParser parser, string[] propertyNames, string[] oneofNames, Type[] nestedEnums, GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] nestedTypes)
+            : this(clrType, parser, propertyNames, oneofNames, nestedEnums, null, nestedTypes)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a GeneratedClrTypeInfo for a file descriptor, with only types, enums, and extensions.
+        /// </summary>
+        public GeneratedClrTypeInfo(Type[] nestedEnums, Extension[] extensions, GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] nestedTypes)
+            : this(null, null, null, null, nestedEnums, extensions, nestedTypes)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a GeneratedClrTypeInfo for a file descriptor, with only types and enums.
+        /// </summary>
+        public GeneratedClrTypeInfo(Type[] nestedEnums, GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] nestedTypes)
+            : this(null, null, null, null, nestedEnums, nestedTypes)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/IDescriptor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/IDescriptor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c1ef387d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/IDescriptor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Interface implemented by all descriptor types.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface IDescriptor
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the name of the entity (message, field etc) being described.
+        /// </summary>
+        string Name { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the fully-qualified name of the entity being described.
+        /// </summary>
+        string FullName { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the descriptor for the .proto file that this entity is part of.
+        /// </summary>
+        FileDescriptor File { get; }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/IFieldAccessor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/IFieldAccessor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b48c4f9df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/IFieldAccessor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Allows fields to be reflectively accessed.
+    /// </summary>
+    public interface IFieldAccessor
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the descriptor associated with this field.
+        /// </summary>
+        FieldDescriptor Descriptor { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clears the field in the specified message. (For repeated fields,
+        /// this clears the list.)
+        /// </summary>
+        void Clear(IMessage message);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fetches the field value. For repeated values, this will be an
+        /// <see cref="IList"/> implementation. For map values, this will be an
+        /// <see cref="IDictionary"/> implementation.
+        /// </summary>
+        object GetValue(IMessage message);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates whether the field in the specified message is set. For proto3 fields, this throws an <see cref="InvalidOperationException"/>
+        /// </summary>
+        bool HasValue(IMessage message);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Mutator for single "simple" fields only.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Repeated fields are mutated by fetching the value and manipulating it as a list.
+        /// Map fields are mutated by fetching the value and manipulating it as a dictionary.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The field is not a "simple" field.</exception>
+        void SetValue(IMessage message, object value);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/MapFieldAccessor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/MapFieldAccessor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56e3dddc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/MapFieldAccessor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Accessor for map fields.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal sealed class MapFieldAccessor : FieldAccessorBase
+    {
+        internal MapFieldAccessor(PropertyInfo property, FieldDescriptor descriptor) : base(property, descriptor)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public override void Clear(IMessage message)
+        {
+            IDictionary list = (IDictionary) GetValue(message);
+            list.Clear();
+        }
+
+        public override bool HasValue(IMessage message)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("HasValue is not implemented for map fields");
+        }
+
+        public override void SetValue(IMessage message, object value)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("SetValue is not implemented for map fields");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/MessageDescriptor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/MessageDescriptor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eda1965c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/MessageDescriptor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+#if NET35
+// Needed for ReadOnlyDictionary, which does not exist in .NET 3.5
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+#endif
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Describes a message type.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class MessageDescriptor : DescriptorBase
+    {
+        private static readonly HashSet<string> WellKnownTypeNames = new HashSet<string>
+        {
+            "google/protobuf/any.proto",
+            "google/protobuf/api.proto",
+            "google/protobuf/duration.proto",
+            "google/protobuf/empty.proto",
+            "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto",
+            "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto",
+            "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto",
+            "google/protobuf/source_context.proto",
+            "google/protobuf/struct.proto",
+            "google/protobuf/type.proto",
+        };
+
+        private readonly IList<FieldDescriptor> fieldsInDeclarationOrder;
+        private readonly IList<FieldDescriptor> fieldsInNumberOrder;
+        private readonly IDictionary<string, FieldDescriptor> jsonFieldMap;
+        private Func<IMessage, bool> extensionSetIsInitialized;
+
+        internal MessageDescriptor(DescriptorProto proto, FileDescriptor file, MessageDescriptor parent, int typeIndex, GeneratedClrTypeInfo generatedCodeInfo)
+            : base(file, file.ComputeFullName(parent, proto.Name), typeIndex)
+        {
+            Proto = proto;
+            Parser = generatedCodeInfo?.Parser;
+            ClrType = generatedCodeInfo?.ClrType;
+            ContainingType = parent;
+
+            // If generatedCodeInfo is null, we just won't generate an accessor for any fields.
+            Oneofs = DescriptorUtil.ConvertAndMakeReadOnly(
+                proto.OneofDecl,
+                (oneof, index) =>
+                new OneofDescriptor(oneof, file, this, index, generatedCodeInfo?.OneofNames[index]));
+
+            NestedTypes = DescriptorUtil.ConvertAndMakeReadOnly(
+                proto.NestedType,
+                (type, index) =>
+                new MessageDescriptor(type, file, this, index, generatedCodeInfo?.NestedTypes[index]));
+
+            EnumTypes = DescriptorUtil.ConvertAndMakeReadOnly(
+                proto.EnumType,
+                (type, index) =>
+                new EnumDescriptor(type, file, this, index, generatedCodeInfo?.NestedEnums[index]));
+
+            Extensions = new ExtensionCollection(this, generatedCodeInfo?.Extensions);
+
+            fieldsInDeclarationOrder = DescriptorUtil.ConvertAndMakeReadOnly(
+                proto.Field,
+                (field, index) =>
+                new FieldDescriptor(field, file, this, index, generatedCodeInfo?.PropertyNames[index], null));
+            fieldsInNumberOrder = new ReadOnlyCollection<FieldDescriptor>(fieldsInDeclarationOrder.OrderBy(field => field.FieldNumber).ToArray());
+            // TODO: Use field => field.Proto.JsonName when we're confident it's appropriate. (And then use it in the formatter, too.)
+            jsonFieldMap = CreateJsonFieldMap(fieldsInNumberOrder);
+            file.DescriptorPool.AddSymbol(this);
+            Fields = new FieldCollection(this);
+        }
+
+        private static ReadOnlyDictionary<string, FieldDescriptor> CreateJsonFieldMap(IList<FieldDescriptor> fields)
+        {
+            var map = new Dictionary<string, FieldDescriptor>();
+            foreach (var field in fields)
+            {
+                map[field.Name] = field;
+                map[field.JsonName] = field;
+            }
+            return new ReadOnlyDictionary<string, FieldDescriptor>(map);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The brief name of the descriptor's target.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override string Name => Proto.Name;
+
+        internal override IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase> GetNestedDescriptorListForField(int fieldNumber)
+        {
+            switch (fieldNumber)
+            {
+                case DescriptorProto.FieldFieldNumber:
+                    return (IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase>) fieldsInDeclarationOrder;
+                case DescriptorProto.NestedTypeFieldNumber:
+                    return (IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase>) NestedTypes;
+                case DescriptorProto.EnumTypeFieldNumber:
+                    return (IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase>) EnumTypes;
+                default:
+                    return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal DescriptorProto Proto { get; }
+
+        internal bool IsExtensionsInitialized(IMessage message)
+        {
+            if (Proto.ExtensionRange.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (extensionSetIsInitialized == null)
+            {
+                extensionSetIsInitialized = ReflectionUtil.CreateIsInitializedCaller(ClrType);
+            }
+
+            return extensionSetIsInitialized(message);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The CLR type used to represent message instances from this descriptor.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>
+        /// The value returned by this property will be non-null for all regular fields. However,
+        /// if a message containing a map field is introspected, the list of nested messages will include
+        /// an auto-generated nested key/value pair message for the field. This is not represented in any
+        /// generated type, so this property will return null in such cases.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        /// For wrapper types (<see cref="Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.StringValue"/> and the like), the type returned here
+        /// will be the generated message type, not the native type used by reflection for fields of those types. Code
+        /// using reflection should call <see cref="IsWrapperType"/> to determine whether a message descriptor represents
+        /// a wrapper type, and handle the result appropriately.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        public Type ClrType { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A parser for this message type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>
+        /// As <see cref="MessageDescriptor"/> is not generic, this cannot be statically
+        /// typed to the relevant type, but it should produce objects of a type compatible with <see cref="ClrType"/>.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        /// The value returned by this property will be non-null for all regular fields. However,
+        /// if a message containing a map field is introspected, the list of nested messages will include
+        /// an auto-generated nested key/value pair message for the field. No message parser object is created for
+        /// such messages, so this property will return null in such cases.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        /// For wrapper types (<see cref="Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.StringValue"/> and the like), the parser returned here
+        /// will be the generated message type, not the native type used by reflection for fields of those types. Code
+        /// using reflection should call <see cref="IsWrapperType"/> to determine whether a message descriptor represents
+        /// a wrapper type, and handle the result appropriately.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        public MessageParser Parser { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns whether this message is one of the "well known types" which may have runtime/protoc support.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal bool IsWellKnownType => File.Package == "google.protobuf" && WellKnownTypeNames.Contains(File.Name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns whether this message is one of the "wrapper types" used for fields which represent primitive values
+        /// with the addition of presence.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal bool IsWrapperType => File.Package == "google.protobuf" && File.Name == "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// If this is a nested type, get the outer descriptor, otherwise null.
+        /// </value>
+        public MessageDescriptor ContainingType { get; }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// A collection of fields, which can be retrieved by name or field number.
+        /// </value>
+        public FieldCollection Fields { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// An unmodifiable list of extensions defined in this message's scope.
+        /// Note that some extensions may be incomplete (FieldDescriptor.Extension may be null)
+        /// if they are declared in a file generated using a version of protoc that did not fully
+        /// support extensions in C#.
+        /// </summary>
+        public ExtensionCollection Extensions { get; }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// An unmodifiable list of this message type's nested types.
+        /// </value>
+        public IList<MessageDescriptor> NestedTypes { get; }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// An unmodifiable list of this message type's enum types.
+        /// </value>
+        public IList<EnumDescriptor> EnumTypes { get; }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// An unmodifiable list of the "oneof" field collections in this message type.
+        /// </value>
+        public IList<OneofDescriptor> Oneofs { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Finds a field by field name.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">The unqualified name of the field (e.g. "foo").</param>
+        /// <returns>The field's descriptor, or null if not found.</returns>
+        public FieldDescriptor FindFieldByName(String name) => File.DescriptorPool.FindSymbol<FieldDescriptor>(FullName + "." + name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Finds a field by field number.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="number">The field number within this message type.</param>
+        /// <returns>The field's descriptor, or null if not found.</returns>
+        public FieldDescriptor FindFieldByNumber(int number) => File.DescriptorPool.FindFieldByNumber(this, number);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Finds a nested descriptor by name. The is valid for fields, nested
+        /// message types, oneofs and enums.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">The unqualified name of the descriptor, e.g. "Foo"</param>
+        /// <returns>The descriptor, or null if not found.</returns>
+        public T FindDescriptor<T>(string name)  where T : class, IDescriptor =>
+            File.DescriptorPool.FindSymbol<T>(FullName + "." + name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The (possibly empty) set of custom options for this message.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Obsolete("CustomOptions are obsolete. Use GetOption")]
+        public CustomOptions CustomOptions => new CustomOptions(Proto.Options?._extensions?.ValuesByNumber);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a single value message option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public T GetOption<T>(Extension<MessageOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            var value = Proto.Options.GetExtension(extension);
+            return value is IDeepCloneable<T> ? (value as IDeepCloneable<T>).Clone() : value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a repeated value message option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public Collections.RepeatedField<T> GetOption<T>(RepeatedExtension<MessageOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            return Proto.Options.GetExtension(extension).Clone();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Looks up and cross-links all fields and nested types.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal void CrossLink()
+        {
+            foreach (MessageDescriptor message in NestedTypes)
+            {
+                message.CrossLink();
+            }
+
+            foreach (FieldDescriptor field in fieldsInDeclarationOrder)
+            {
+                field.CrossLink();
+            }
+
+            foreach (OneofDescriptor oneof in Oneofs)
+            {
+                oneof.CrossLink();
+            }
+
+            Extensions.CrossLink();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A collection to simplify retrieving the field accessor for a particular field.
+        /// </summary>
+        public sealed class FieldCollection
+        {
+            private readonly MessageDescriptor messageDescriptor;
+
+            internal FieldCollection(MessageDescriptor messageDescriptor)
+            {
+                this.messageDescriptor = messageDescriptor;
+            }
+
+            /// <value>
+            /// Returns the fields in the message as an immutable list, in the order in which they
+            /// are declared in the source .proto file.
+            /// </value>
+            public IList<FieldDescriptor> InDeclarationOrder() => messageDescriptor.fieldsInDeclarationOrder;
+
+            /// <value>
+            /// Returns the fields in the message as an immutable list, in ascending field number
+            /// order. Field numbers need not be contiguous, so there is no direct mapping from the
+            /// index in the list to the field number; to retrieve a field by field number, it is better
+            /// to use the <see cref="FieldCollection"/> indexer.
+            /// </value>
+            public IList<FieldDescriptor> InFieldNumberOrder() => messageDescriptor.fieldsInNumberOrder;
+
+            // TODO: consider making this public in the future. (Being conservative for now...)
+
+            /// <value>
+            /// Returns a read-only dictionary mapping the field names in this message as they're available
+            /// in the JSON representation to the field descriptors. For example, a field <c>foo_bar</c>
+            /// in the message would result two entries, one with a key <c>fooBar</c> and one with a key
+            /// <c>foo_bar</c>, both referring to the same field.
+            /// </value>
+            internal IDictionary<string, FieldDescriptor> ByJsonName() => messageDescriptor.jsonFieldMap;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Retrieves the descriptor for the field with the given number.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="number">Number of the field to retrieve the descriptor for</param>
+            /// <returns>The accessor for the given field</returns>
+            /// <exception cref="KeyNotFoundException">The message descriptor does not contain a field
+            /// with the given number</exception>
+            public FieldDescriptor this[int number]
+            {
+                get
+                {
+                    var fieldDescriptor = messageDescriptor.FindFieldByNumber(number);
+                    if (fieldDescriptor == null)
+                    {
+                        throw new KeyNotFoundException("No such field number");
+                    }
+                    return fieldDescriptor;
+                }
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Retrieves the descriptor for the field with the given name.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="name">Name of the field to retrieve the descriptor for</param>
+            /// <returns>The descriptor for the given field</returns>
+            /// <exception cref="KeyNotFoundException">The message descriptor does not contain a field
+            /// with the given name</exception>
+            public FieldDescriptor this[string name]
+            {
+                get
+                {
+                    var fieldDescriptor = messageDescriptor.FindFieldByName(name);
+                    if (fieldDescriptor == null)
+                    {
+                        throw new KeyNotFoundException("No such field name");
+                    }
+                    return fieldDescriptor;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/MethodDescriptor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/MethodDescriptor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92250ba66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/MethodDescriptor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Describes a single method in a service.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class MethodDescriptor : DescriptorBase
+    {
+        private readonly MethodDescriptorProto proto;
+        private readonly ServiceDescriptor service;
+        private MessageDescriptor inputType;
+        private MessageDescriptor outputType;
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// The service this method belongs to.
+        /// </value>
+        public ServiceDescriptor Service { get { return service; } }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// The method's input type.
+        /// </value>
+        public MessageDescriptor InputType { get { return inputType; } }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// The method's input type.
+        /// </value>
+        public MessageDescriptor OutputType { get { return outputType; } }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// Indicates if client streams multiple requests.
+        /// </value>
+        public bool IsClientStreaming { get { return proto.ClientStreaming; } }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// Indicates if server streams multiple responses.
+        /// </value>
+        public bool IsServerStreaming { get { return proto.ServerStreaming; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The (possibly empty) set of custom options for this method.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Obsolete("CustomOptions are obsolete. Use GetOption")]
+        public CustomOptions CustomOptions => new CustomOptions(Proto.Options?._extensions?.ValuesByNumber);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a single value method option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public T GetOption<T>(Extension<MethodOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            var value = Proto.Options.GetExtension(extension);
+            return value is IDeepCloneable<T> ? (value as IDeepCloneable<T>).Clone() : value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a repeated value method option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public RepeatedField<T> GetOption<T>(RepeatedExtension<MethodOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            return Proto.Options.GetExtension(extension).Clone();
+        }
+
+        internal MethodDescriptor(MethodDescriptorProto proto, FileDescriptor file,
+                                  ServiceDescriptor parent, int index)
+            : base(file, parent.FullName + "." + proto.Name, index)
+        {
+            this.proto = proto;
+            service = parent;
+            file.DescriptorPool.AddSymbol(this);
+        }
+
+        internal MethodDescriptorProto Proto { get { return proto; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The brief name of the descriptor's target.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override string Name { get { return proto.Name; } }
+
+        internal void CrossLink()
+        {
+            IDescriptor lookup = File.DescriptorPool.LookupSymbol(Proto.InputType, this);
+            if (!(lookup is MessageDescriptor))
+            {
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "\"" + Proto.InputType + "\" is not a message type.");
+            }
+            inputType = (MessageDescriptor) lookup;
+
+            lookup = File.DescriptorPool.LookupSymbol(Proto.OutputType, this);
+            if (!(lookup is MessageDescriptor))
+            {
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "\"" + Proto.OutputType + "\" is not a message type.");
+            }
+            outputType = (MessageDescriptor) lookup;
+        }
+    }
+}
+ 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/OneofAccessor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/OneofAccessor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4bf628a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/OneofAccessor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Google.Protobuf.Compatibility;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Reflection access for a oneof, allowing clear and "get case" actions.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class OneofAccessor
+    {
+        private readonly Func<IMessage, int> caseDelegate;
+        private readonly Action<IMessage> clearDelegate;
+        private OneofDescriptor descriptor;
+
+        internal OneofAccessor(PropertyInfo caseProperty, MethodInfo clearMethod, OneofDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            if (!caseProperty.CanRead)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Cannot read from property");
+            }
+            this.descriptor = descriptor;
+            caseDelegate = ReflectionUtil.CreateFuncIMessageInt32(caseProperty.GetGetMethod());
+
+            this.descriptor = descriptor;
+            clearDelegate = ReflectionUtil.CreateActionIMessage(clearMethod);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the descriptor for this oneof.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The descriptor of the oneof.
+        /// </value>
+        public OneofDescriptor Descriptor { get { return descriptor; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clears the oneof in the specified message.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Clear(IMessage message)
+        {
+            clearDelegate(message);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates which field in the oneof is set for specified message
+        /// </summary>
+        public FieldDescriptor GetCaseFieldDescriptor(IMessage message)
+        {
+            int fieldNumber = caseDelegate(message);
+            if (fieldNumber > 0)
+            {
+                return descriptor.ContainingType.FindFieldByNumber(fieldNumber);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/OneofDescriptor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/OneofDescriptor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e30b92ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/OneofDescriptor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using Google.Protobuf.Compatibility;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Describes a "oneof" field collection in a message type: a set of
+    /// fields of which at most one can be set in any particular message.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class OneofDescriptor : DescriptorBase
+    {
+        private readonly OneofDescriptorProto proto;
+        private MessageDescriptor containingType;
+        private IList<FieldDescriptor> fields;
+        private readonly OneofAccessor accessor;
+
+        internal OneofDescriptor(OneofDescriptorProto proto, FileDescriptor file, MessageDescriptor parent, int index, string clrName)
+            : base(file, file.ComputeFullName(parent, proto.Name), index)
+        {
+            this.proto = proto;
+            containingType = parent;
+
+            file.DescriptorPool.AddSymbol(this);
+            accessor = CreateAccessor(clrName);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The brief name of the descriptor's target.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override string Name { get { return proto.Name; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the message type containing this oneof.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The message type containing this oneof.
+        /// </value>
+        public MessageDescriptor ContainingType
+        {
+            get { return containingType; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the fields within this oneof, in declaration order.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The fields within this oneof, in declaration order.
+        /// </value>
+        public IList<FieldDescriptor> Fields { get { return fields; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets an accessor for reflective access to the values associated with the oneof
+        /// in a particular message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>
+        /// In descriptors for generated code, the value returned by this property will always be non-null.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        /// In dynamically loaded descriptors, the value returned by this property will current be null;
+        /// if and when dynamic messages are supported, it will return a suitable accessor to work with
+        /// them.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The accessor used for reflective access.
+        /// </value>
+        public OneofAccessor Accessor { get { return accessor; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The (possibly empty) set of custom options for this oneof.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Obsolete("CustomOptions are obsolete. Use GetOption")]
+        public CustomOptions CustomOptions => new CustomOptions(proto.Options?._extensions?.ValuesByNumber);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a single value oneof option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public T GetOption<T>(Extension<OneofOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            var value = proto.Options.GetExtension(extension);
+            return value is IDeepCloneable<T> ? (value as IDeepCloneable<T>).Clone() : value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a repeated value oneof option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public RepeatedField<T> GetOption<T>(RepeatedExtension<OneofOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            return proto.Options.GetExtension(extension).Clone();
+        }
+
+        internal void CrossLink()
+        {
+            List<FieldDescriptor> fieldCollection = new List<FieldDescriptor>();
+            foreach (var field in ContainingType.Fields.InDeclarationOrder())
+            {
+                if (field.ContainingOneof == this)
+                {
+                    fieldCollection.Add(field);
+                }
+            }
+            fields = new ReadOnlyCollection<FieldDescriptor>(fieldCollection);
+        }
+
+        private OneofAccessor CreateAccessor(string clrName)
+        {
+            // We won't have a CLR name if this is from a dynamically-loaded FileDescriptor.
+            // TODO: Support dynamic messages.
+            if (clrName == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            var caseProperty = containingType.ClrType.GetProperty(clrName + "Case");
+            if (caseProperty == null)
+            {
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, $"Property {clrName}Case not found in {containingType.ClrType}");
+            }
+            var clearMethod = containingType.ClrType.GetMethod("Clear" + clrName);
+            if (clearMethod == null)
+            {
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, $"Method Clear{clrName} not found in {containingType.ClrType}");
+            }
+
+            return new OneofAccessor(caseProperty, clearMethod, this);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/OriginalNameAttribute.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/OriginalNameAttribute.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63f5228f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/OriginalNameAttribute.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Specifies the original name (in the .proto file) of a named element,
+    /// such as an enum value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Field)]
+    public class OriginalNameAttribute : Attribute
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The name of the element in the .proto file.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string Name { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// If the name is preferred in the .proto file.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool PreferredAlias { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a new attribute instance for the given name.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">The name of the element in the .proto file.</param>
+        public OriginalNameAttribute(string name)
+        {
+            Name = ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(name, nameof(name));
+            PreferredAlias = true;
+        }
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/PackageDescriptor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/PackageDescriptor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e547d8349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/PackageDescriptor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a package in the symbol table.  We use PackageDescriptors
+    /// just as placeholders so that someone cannot define, say, a message type
+    /// that has the same name as an existing package.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal sealed class PackageDescriptor : IDescriptor
+    {
+        private readonly string name;
+        private readonly string fullName;
+        private readonly FileDescriptor file;
+
+        internal PackageDescriptor(string name, string fullName, FileDescriptor file)
+        {
+            this.file = file;
+            this.fullName = fullName;
+            this.name = name;
+        }
+
+        public string Name
+        {
+            get { return name; }
+        }
+
+        public string FullName
+        {
+            get { return fullName; }
+        }
+
+        public FileDescriptor File
+        {
+            get { return file; }
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ReflectionUtil.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ReflectionUtil.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd1ad4e3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ReflectionUtil.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Compatibility;
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The methods in this class are somewhat evil, and should not be tampered with lightly.
+    /// Basically they allow the creation of relatively weakly typed delegates from MethodInfos
+    /// which are more strongly typed. They do this by creating an appropriate strongly typed
+    /// delegate from the MethodInfo, and then calling that within an anonymous method.
+    /// Mind-bending stuff (at least to your humble narrator) but the resulting delegates are
+    /// very fast compared with calling Invoke later on.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static class ReflectionUtil
+    {
+        static ReflectionUtil()
+        {
+            ForceInitialize<string>(); // Handles all reference types
+            ForceInitialize<int>();
+            ForceInitialize<long>();
+            ForceInitialize<uint>();
+            ForceInitialize<ulong>();
+            ForceInitialize<float>();
+            ForceInitialize<double>();
+            ForceInitialize<bool>();
+            ForceInitialize<int?>();
+            ForceInitialize<long?>();
+            ForceInitialize<uint?>();
+            ForceInitialize<ulong?>();
+            ForceInitialize<float?>();
+            ForceInitialize<double?>();
+            ForceInitialize<bool?>();
+            ForceInitialize<SampleEnum>();
+            SampleEnumMethod();
+        }
+
+        internal static void ForceInitialize<T>() => new ReflectionHelper<IMessage, T>();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Empty Type[] used when calling GetProperty to force property instead of indexer fetching.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static readonly Type[] EmptyTypes = new Type[0];
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a delegate which will cast the argument to the type that declares the method,
+        /// call the method on it, then convert the result to object.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="method">The method to create a delegate for, which must be declared in an IMessage
+        /// implementation.</param>
+        internal static Func<IMessage, object> CreateFuncIMessageObject(MethodInfo method) =>
+            GetReflectionHelper(method.DeclaringType, method.ReturnType).CreateFuncIMessageObject(method);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a delegate which will cast the argument to the type that declares the method,
+        /// call the method on it, then convert the result to the specified type. The method is expected
+        /// to actually return an enum (because of where we're calling it - for oneof cases). Sometimes that
+        /// means we need some extra work to perform conversions.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="method">The method to create a delegate for, which must be declared in an IMessage
+        /// implementation.</param>
+        internal static Func<IMessage, int> CreateFuncIMessageInt32(MethodInfo method) =>
+            GetReflectionHelper(method.DeclaringType, method.ReturnType).CreateFuncIMessageInt32(method);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a delegate which will execute the given method after casting the first argument to
+        /// the type that declares the method, and the second argument to the first parameter type of the method.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="method">The method to create a delegate for, which must be declared in an IMessage
+        /// implementation.</param>
+        internal static Action<IMessage, object> CreateActionIMessageObject(MethodInfo method) =>
+            GetReflectionHelper(method.DeclaringType, method.GetParameters()[0].ParameterType).CreateActionIMessageObject(method);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a delegate which will execute the given method after casting the first argument to
+        /// type that declares the method.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="method">The method to create a delegate for, which must be declared in an IMessage
+        /// implementation.</param>
+        internal static Action<IMessage> CreateActionIMessage(MethodInfo method) =>
+            GetReflectionHelper(method.DeclaringType, typeof(object)).CreateActionIMessage(method);
+
+        internal static Func<IMessage, bool> CreateFuncIMessageBool(MethodInfo method) =>
+            GetReflectionHelper(method.DeclaringType, method.ReturnType).CreateFuncIMessageBool(method);
+
+        internal static Func<IMessage, bool> CreateIsInitializedCaller(Type msg) =>
+            ((IExtensionSetReflector)Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(ExtensionSetReflector<>).MakeGenericType(msg))).CreateIsInitializedCaller();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a delegate which will execute the given method after casting the first argument to
+        /// the type that declares the method, and the second argument to the first parameter type of the method.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static IExtensionReflectionHelper CreateExtensionHelper(Extension extension) =>
+            (IExtensionReflectionHelper)Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(ExtensionReflectionHelper<,>).MakeGenericType(extension.TargetType, extension.GetType().GenericTypeArguments[1]), extension);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a reflection helper for the given type arguments. Currently these are created on demand
+        /// rather than cached; this will be "busy" when initially loading a message's descriptor, but after that
+        /// they can be garbage collected. We could cache them by type if that proves to be important, but creating
+        /// an object is pretty cheap.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static IReflectionHelper GetReflectionHelper(Type t1, Type t2) =>
+            (IReflectionHelper) Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(ReflectionHelper<,>).MakeGenericType(t1, t2));
+
+        // Non-generic interface allowing us to use an instance of ReflectionHelper<T1, T2> without statically
+        // knowing the types involved.
+        private interface IReflectionHelper
+        {
+            Func<IMessage, int> CreateFuncIMessageInt32(MethodInfo method);
+            Action<IMessage> CreateActionIMessage(MethodInfo method);
+            Func<IMessage, object> CreateFuncIMessageObject(MethodInfo method);
+            Action<IMessage, object> CreateActionIMessageObject(MethodInfo method);
+            Func<IMessage, bool> CreateFuncIMessageBool(MethodInfo method);
+        }
+
+        internal interface IExtensionReflectionHelper
+        {
+            object GetExtension(IMessage message);
+            void SetExtension(IMessage message, object value);
+            bool HasExtension(IMessage message);
+            void ClearExtension(IMessage message);
+        }
+
+        private interface IExtensionSetReflector
+        {
+            Func<IMessage, bool> CreateIsInitializedCaller();
+        }
+
+        private class ReflectionHelper<T1, T2> : IReflectionHelper
+        {
+
+            public Func<IMessage, int> CreateFuncIMessageInt32(MethodInfo method)
+            {
+                // On pleasant runtimes, we can create a Func<int> from a method returning
+                // an enum based on an int. That's the fast path.
+                if (CanConvertEnumFuncToInt32Func)
+                {
+                    var del = (Func<T1, int>) method.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<T1, int>));
+                    return message => del((T1) message);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // On some runtimes (e.g. old Mono) the return type has to be exactly correct,
+                    // so we go via boxing. Reflection is already fairly inefficient, and this is
+                    // only used for one-of case checking, fortunately.
+                    var del = (Func<T1, T2>) method.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<T1, T2>));
+                    return message => (int) (object) del((T1) message);
+                }
+            }
+
+            public Action<IMessage> CreateActionIMessage(MethodInfo method)
+            {
+                var del = (Action<T1>) method.CreateDelegate(typeof(Action<T1>));
+                return message => del((T1) message);
+            }
+
+            public Func<IMessage, object> CreateFuncIMessageObject(MethodInfo method)
+            {
+                var del = (Func<T1, T2>) method.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<T1, T2>));
+                return message => del((T1) message);
+            }
+
+            public Action<IMessage, object> CreateActionIMessageObject(MethodInfo method)
+            {
+                var del = (Action<T1, T2>) method.CreateDelegate(typeof(Action<T1, T2>));
+                return (message, arg) => del((T1) message, (T2) arg);
+            }
+
+            public Func<IMessage, bool> CreateFuncIMessageBool(MethodInfo method)
+            {
+                var del = (Func<T1, bool>)method.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<T1, bool>));
+                return message => del((T1)message);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class ExtensionReflectionHelper<T1, T3> : IExtensionReflectionHelper
+            where T1 : IExtendableMessage<T1>
+        {
+            private readonly Extension extension;
+
+            public ExtensionReflectionHelper(Extension extension)
+            {
+                this.extension = extension;
+            }
+
+            public object GetExtension(IMessage message)
+            {
+                if (!(message is T1))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidCastException("Cannot access extension on message that isn't IExtensionMessage");
+                }
+
+                T1 extensionMessage = (T1)message;
+
+                if (extension is Extension<T1, T3>)
+                {
+                    return extensionMessage.GetExtension(extension as Extension<T1, T3>);
+                }
+                else if (extension is RepeatedExtension<T1, T3>)
+                {
+                    return extensionMessage.GetOrInitializeExtension(extension as RepeatedExtension<T1, T3>);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidCastException("The provided extension is not a valid extension identifier type");
+                }
+            }
+
+            public bool HasExtension(IMessage message)
+            {
+                if (!(message is T1))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidCastException("Cannot access extension on message that isn't IExtensionMessage");
+                }
+
+                T1 extensionMessage = (T1)message;
+
+                if (extension is Extension<T1, T3>)
+                {
+                    return extensionMessage.HasExtension(extension as Extension<T1, T3>);
+                }
+                else if (extension is RepeatedExtension<T1, T3>)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("HasValue is not implemented for repeated extensions");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidCastException("The provided extension is not a valid extension identifier type");
+                }
+            }
+
+            public void SetExtension(IMessage message, object value)
+            {
+                if (!(message is T1))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidCastException("Cannot access extension on message that isn't IExtensionMessage");
+                }
+
+                T1 extensionMessage = (T1)message;
+
+                if (extension is Extension<T1, T3>)
+                {
+                    extensionMessage.SetExtension(extension as Extension<T1, T3>, (T3)value);
+                }
+                else if (extension is RepeatedExtension<T1, T3>)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("SetValue is not implemented for repeated extensions");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidCastException("The provided extension is not a valid extension identifier type");
+                }
+            }
+
+            public void ClearExtension(IMessage message)
+            {
+                if (!(message is T1))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidCastException("Cannot access extension on message that isn't IExtensionMessage");
+                }
+
+                T1 extensionMessage = (T1)message;
+
+                if (extension is Extension<T1, T3>)
+                {
+                    extensionMessage.ClearExtension(extension as Extension<T1, T3>);
+                }
+                else if (extension is RepeatedExtension<T1, T3>)
+                {
+                    extensionMessage.GetExtension(extension as RepeatedExtension<T1, T3>).Clear();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidCastException("The provided extension is not a valid extension identifier type");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class ExtensionSetReflector<T1> : IExtensionSetReflector where T1 : IExtendableMessage<T1>
+        {
+            public Func<IMessage, bool> CreateIsInitializedCaller()
+            {
+                var prop = typeof(T1).GetTypeInfo().GetDeclaredProperty("_Extensions");
+#if NET35
+                var getFunc = (Func<T1, ExtensionSet<T1>>)prop.GetGetMethod(true).CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<T1, ExtensionSet<T1>>));
+#else
+                var getFunc = (Func<T1, ExtensionSet<T1>>)prop.GetMethod.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<T1, ExtensionSet<T1>>));
+#endif
+                var initializedFunc = (Func<ExtensionSet<T1>, bool>)
+                    typeof(ExtensionSet<T1>)
+                        .GetTypeInfo()
+                        .GetDeclaredMethod("IsInitialized")
+                        .CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<ExtensionSet<T1>, bool>));
+                return (m) => {
+                    var set = getFunc((T1)m);
+                    return set == null || initializedFunc(set);
+                };
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Runtime compatibility checking code - see ReflectionHelper<T1, T2>.CreateFuncIMessageInt32 for
+        // details about why we're doing this.
+
+        // Deliberately not inside the generic type. We only want to check this once.
+        private static bool CanConvertEnumFuncToInt32Func { get; } = CheckCanConvertEnumFuncToInt32Func();
+
+        private static bool CheckCanConvertEnumFuncToInt32Func()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                // Try to do the conversion using reflection, so we can see whether it's supported.
+                MethodInfo method = typeof(ReflectionUtil).GetMethod(nameof(SampleEnumMethod));
+                // If this passes, we're in a reasonable runtime.
+                method.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<int>));
+                return true;
+            }
+            catch (ArgumentException)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public enum SampleEnum
+        {
+            X
+        }
+
+        // Public to make the reflection simpler.
+        public static SampleEnum SampleEnumMethod() => SampleEnum.X;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/RepeatedFieldAccessor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/RepeatedFieldAccessor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..afb4a693f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/RepeatedFieldAccessor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Accessor for repeated fields.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal sealed class RepeatedFieldAccessor : FieldAccessorBase
+    {
+        internal RepeatedFieldAccessor(PropertyInfo property, FieldDescriptor descriptor) : base(property, descriptor)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public override void Clear(IMessage message)
+        {
+            IList list = (IList) GetValue(message);
+            list.Clear();
+        }
+
+        public override bool HasValue(IMessage message)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("HasValue is not implemented for repeated fields");
+        }
+
+        public override void SetValue(IMessage message, object value)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("SetValue is not implemented for repeated fields");
+        }
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ServiceDescriptor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ServiceDescriptor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba310ad9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/ServiceDescriptor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Describes a service type.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class ServiceDescriptor : DescriptorBase
+    {
+        private readonly ServiceDescriptorProto proto;
+        private readonly IList<MethodDescriptor> methods;
+
+        internal ServiceDescriptor(ServiceDescriptorProto proto, FileDescriptor file, int index)
+            : base(file, file.ComputeFullName(null, proto.Name), index)
+        {
+            this.proto = proto;
+            methods = DescriptorUtil.ConvertAndMakeReadOnly(proto.Method,
+                                                            (method, i) => new MethodDescriptor(method, file, this, i));
+
+            file.DescriptorPool.AddSymbol(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The brief name of the descriptor's target.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override string Name { get { return proto.Name; } }
+
+        internal override IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase> GetNestedDescriptorListForField(int fieldNumber)
+        {
+            switch (fieldNumber)
+            {
+                case ServiceDescriptorProto.MethodFieldNumber:
+                    return (IReadOnlyList<DescriptorBase>) methods;
+                default:
+                    return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal ServiceDescriptorProto Proto { get { return proto; } }
+
+        /// <value>
+        /// An unmodifiable list of methods in this service.
+        /// </value>
+        public IList<MethodDescriptor> Methods
+        {
+            get { return methods; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Finds a method by name.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">The unqualified name of the method (e.g. "Foo").</param>
+        /// <returns>The method's decsriptor, or null if not found.</returns>
+        public MethodDescriptor FindMethodByName(String name)
+        {
+            return File.DescriptorPool.FindSymbol<MethodDescriptor>(FullName + "." + name);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The (possibly empty) set of custom options for this service.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Obsolete("CustomOptions are obsolete. Use GetOption")]
+        public CustomOptions CustomOptions => new CustomOptions(Proto.Options?._extensions?.ValuesByNumber);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a single value service option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public T GetOption<T>(Extension<ServiceOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            var value = Proto.Options.GetExtension(extension);
+            return value is IDeepCloneable<T> ? (value as IDeepCloneable<T>).Clone() : value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a repeated value service option for this descriptor
+        /// </summary>
+        public RepeatedField<T> GetOption<T>(RepeatedExtension<ServiceOptions, T> extension)
+        {
+            return Proto.Options.GetExtension(extension).Clone();
+        }
+
+        internal void CrossLink()
+        {
+            foreach (MethodDescriptor method in methods)
+            {
+                method.CrossLink();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+ 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/SingleFieldAccessor.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/SingleFieldAccessor.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de1022651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/SingleFieldAccessor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Google.Protobuf.Compatibility;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Accessor for single fields.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal sealed class SingleFieldAccessor : FieldAccessorBase
+    {
+        // All the work here is actually done in the constructor - it creates the appropriate delegates.
+        // There are various cases to consider, based on the property type (message, string/bytes, or "genuine" primitive)
+        // and proto2 vs proto3 for non-message types, as proto3 doesn't support "full" presence detection or default
+        // values.
+
+        private readonly Action<IMessage, object> setValueDelegate;
+        private readonly Action<IMessage> clearDelegate;
+        private readonly Func<IMessage, bool> hasDelegate;
+
+        internal SingleFieldAccessor(PropertyInfo property, FieldDescriptor descriptor) : base(property, descriptor)
+        {
+            if (!property.CanWrite)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Not all required properties/methods available");
+            }
+            setValueDelegate = ReflectionUtil.CreateActionIMessageObject(property.GetSetMethod());
+            if (descriptor.File.Syntax == Syntax.Proto3)
+            {
+                hasDelegate = message => {
+                  throw new InvalidOperationException("HasValue is not implemented for proto3 fields");
+                };
+                var clrType = property.PropertyType;
+
+                // TODO: Validate that this is a reasonable single field? (Should be a value type, a message type, or string/ByteString.)
+                object defaultValue =
+                    descriptor.FieldType == FieldType.Message ? null
+                    : clrType == typeof(string) ? ""
+                    : clrType == typeof(ByteString) ? ByteString.Empty
+                    : Activator.CreateInstance(clrType);
+                clearDelegate = message => SetValue(message, defaultValue);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                MethodInfo hasMethod = property.DeclaringType.GetRuntimeProperty("Has" + property.Name).GetMethod;
+                if (hasMethod == null) {
+                  throw new ArgumentException("Not all required properties/methods are available");
+                }
+                hasDelegate = ReflectionUtil.CreateFuncIMessageBool(hasMethod);
+                MethodInfo clearMethod = property.DeclaringType.GetRuntimeMethod("Clear" + property.Name, ReflectionUtil.EmptyTypes);
+                if (clearMethod == null) {
+                  throw new ArgumentException("Not all required properties/methods are available");
+                }
+                clearDelegate = ReflectionUtil.CreateActionIMessage(clearMethod);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override void Clear(IMessage message)
+        {
+            clearDelegate(message);
+        }
+
+        public override bool HasValue(IMessage message)
+        {
+            return hasDelegate(message);
+        }
+
+        public override void SetValue(IMessage message, object value)
+        {
+            setValueDelegate(message, value);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/TypeRegistry.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/TypeRegistry.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e94e3e6c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/TypeRegistry.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.Reflection
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An immutable registry of types which can be looked up by their full name.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class TypeRegistry
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// An empty type registry, containing no types.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static TypeRegistry Empty { get; } = new TypeRegistry(new Dictionary<string, MessageDescriptor>());
+
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, MessageDescriptor> fullNameToMessageMap;
+
+        private TypeRegistry(Dictionary<string, MessageDescriptor> fullNameToMessageMap)
+        {
+            this.fullNameToMessageMap = fullNameToMessageMap;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Attempts to find a message descriptor by its full name.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="fullName">The full name of the message, which is the dot-separated
+        /// combination of package, containing messages and message name</param>
+        /// <returns>The message descriptor corresponding to <paramref name="fullName"/> or null
+        /// if there is no such message descriptor.</returns>
+        public MessageDescriptor Find(string fullName)
+        {
+            MessageDescriptor ret;
+            // Ignore the return value as ret will end up with the right value either way.
+            fullNameToMessageMap.TryGetValue(fullName, out ret);
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a type registry from the specified set of file descriptors.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This is a convenience overload for <see cref="FromFiles(IEnumerable{FileDescriptor})"/>
+        /// to allow calls such as <c>TypeRegistry.FromFiles(descriptor1, descriptor2)</c>.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="fileDescriptors">The set of files to include in the registry. Must not contain null values.</param>
+        /// <returns>A type registry for the given files.</returns>
+        public static TypeRegistry FromFiles(params FileDescriptor[] fileDescriptors)
+        {
+            return FromFiles((IEnumerable<FileDescriptor>) fileDescriptors);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a type registry from the specified set of file descriptors.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// All message types within all the specified files are added to the registry, and
+        /// the dependencies of the specified files are also added, recursively.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="fileDescriptors">The set of files to include in the registry. Must not contain null values.</param>
+        /// <returns>A type registry for the given files.</returns>
+        public static TypeRegistry FromFiles(IEnumerable<FileDescriptor> fileDescriptors)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(fileDescriptors, nameof(fileDescriptors));
+            var builder = new Builder();
+            foreach (var file in fileDescriptors)
+            {
+                builder.AddFile(file);
+            }
+            return builder.Build();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a type registry from the file descriptor parents of the specified set of message descriptors.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This is a convenience overload for <see cref="FromMessages(IEnumerable{MessageDescriptor})"/>
+        /// to allow calls such as <c>TypeRegistry.FromFiles(descriptor1, descriptor2)</c>.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="messageDescriptors">The set of message descriptors to use to identify file descriptors to include in the registry.
+        /// Must not contain null values.</param>
+        /// <returns>A type registry for the given files.</returns>
+        public static TypeRegistry FromMessages(params MessageDescriptor[] messageDescriptors)
+        {
+            return FromMessages((IEnumerable<MessageDescriptor>) messageDescriptors);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a type registry from the file descriptor parents of the specified set of message descriptors.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The specified message descriptors are only used to identify their file descriptors; the returned registry
+        /// contains all the types within the file descriptors which contain the specified message descriptors (and
+        /// the dependencies of those files), not just the specified messages.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="messageDescriptors">The set of message descriptors to use to identify file descriptors to include in the registry.
+        /// Must not contain null values.</param>
+        /// <returns>A type registry for the given files.</returns>
+        public static TypeRegistry FromMessages(IEnumerable<MessageDescriptor> messageDescriptors)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(messageDescriptors, nameof(messageDescriptors));
+            return FromFiles(messageDescriptors.Select(md => md.File));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Builder class which isn't exposed, but acts as a convenient alternative to passing round two dictionaries in recursive calls.
+        /// </summary>
+        private class Builder
+        {
+            private readonly Dictionary<string, MessageDescriptor> types;
+            private readonly HashSet<string> fileDescriptorNames;
+
+            internal Builder()
+            {
+                types = new Dictionary<string, MessageDescriptor>();
+                fileDescriptorNames = new HashSet<string>();
+            }
+
+            internal void AddFile(FileDescriptor fileDescriptor)
+            {
+                if (!fileDescriptorNames.Add(fileDescriptor.Name))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+                foreach (var dependency in fileDescriptor.Dependencies)
+                {
+                    AddFile(dependency);
+                }
+                foreach (var message in fileDescriptor.MessageTypes)
+                {
+                    AddMessage(message);
+                }
+            }
+
+            private void AddMessage(MessageDescriptor messageDescriptor)
+            {
+                foreach (var nestedType in messageDescriptor.NestedTypes)
+                {
+                    AddMessage(nestedType);
+                }
+                // This will overwrite any previous entry. Given that each file should
+                // only be added once, this could be a problem such as package A.B with type C,
+                // and package A with type B.C... it's unclear what we should do in that case.
+                types[messageDescriptor.FullName] = messageDescriptor;
+            }
+
+            internal TypeRegistry Build()
+            {
+                return new TypeRegistry(types);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/UnknownField.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/UnknownField.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3ce0e86e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/UnknownField.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a single field in an UnknownFieldSet.
+    ///
+    /// An UnknownField consists of four lists of values. The lists correspond
+    /// to the four "wire types" used in the protocol buffer binary format.
+    /// Normally, only one of the four lists will contain any values, since it
+    /// is impossible to define a valid message type that declares two different
+    /// types for the same field number. However, the code is designed to allow
+    /// for the case where the same unknown field number is encountered using
+    /// multiple different wire types.
+    ///
+    /// </summary>
+    internal sealed class UnknownField
+    {
+        private List<ulong> varintList;
+        private List<uint> fixed32List;
+        private List<ulong> fixed64List;
+        private List<ByteString> lengthDelimitedList;
+        private List<UnknownFieldSet> groupList;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new UnknownField.
+        /// </summary>
+        public UnknownField()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if two unknown field are equal.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override bool Equals(object other)
+        {
+            if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            UnknownField otherField = other as UnknownField;
+            return otherField != null
+                   && Lists.Equals(varintList, otherField.varintList)
+                   && Lists.Equals(fixed32List, otherField.fixed32List)
+                   && Lists.Equals(fixed64List, otherField.fixed64List)
+                   && Lists.Equals(lengthDelimitedList, otherField.lengthDelimitedList)
+                   && Lists.Equals(groupList, otherField.groupList);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the hash code of the unknown field.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            int hash = 43;
+            hash = hash * 47 + Lists.GetHashCode(varintList);
+            hash = hash * 47 + Lists.GetHashCode(fixed32List);
+            hash = hash * 47 + Lists.GetHashCode(fixed64List);
+            hash = hash * 47 + Lists.GetHashCode(lengthDelimitedList);
+            hash = hash * 47 + Lists.GetHashCode(groupList);
+            return hash;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Serializes the field, including the field number, and writes it to
+        /// <paramref name="output"/>
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="fieldNumber">The unknown field number.</param>
+        /// <param name="output">The CodedOutputStream to write to.</param>
+        internal void WriteTo(int fieldNumber, CodedOutputStream output)
+        {
+            if (varintList != null)
+            {
+                foreach (ulong value in varintList)
+                {
+                    output.WriteTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Varint);
+                    output.WriteUInt64(value);
+                }
+            }
+            if (fixed32List != null)
+            {
+                foreach (uint value in fixed32List)
+                {
+                    output.WriteTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32);
+                    output.WriteFixed32(value);
+                }
+            }
+            if (fixed64List != null)
+            {
+                foreach (ulong value in fixed64List)
+                {
+                    output.WriteTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.Fixed64);
+                    output.WriteFixed64(value);
+                }
+            }
+            if (lengthDelimitedList != null)
+            {
+                foreach (ByteString value in lengthDelimitedList)
+                {
+                    output.WriteTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited);
+                    output.WriteBytes(value);
+                }
+            }
+            if (groupList != null)
+            {
+                foreach (UnknownFieldSet value in groupList)
+                {
+                    output.WriteTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup);
+                    value.WriteTo(output);
+                    output.WriteTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the number of bytes required to encode this field, including field
+        /// number.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal int GetSerializedSize(int fieldNumber)
+        {
+            int result = 0;
+            if (varintList != null)
+            {
+                result += CodedOutputStream.ComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) * varintList.Count;
+                foreach (ulong value in varintList)
+                {
+                    result += CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(value);
+                }
+            }
+            if (fixed32List != null)
+            {
+                result += CodedOutputStream.ComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) * fixed32List.Count;
+                result += CodedOutputStream.ComputeFixed32Size(1) * fixed32List.Count;
+            }
+            if (fixed64List != null)
+            {
+                result += CodedOutputStream.ComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) * fixed64List.Count;
+                result += CodedOutputStream.ComputeFixed64Size(1) * fixed64List.Count;
+            }
+            if (lengthDelimitedList != null)
+            {
+                result += CodedOutputStream.ComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) * lengthDelimitedList.Count;
+                foreach (ByteString value in lengthDelimitedList)
+                {
+                    result += CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(value);
+                }
+            }
+            if (groupList != null)
+            {
+                result += CodedOutputStream.ComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) * 2 * groupList.Count;
+                foreach (UnknownFieldSet value in groupList)
+                {
+                    result += value.CalculateSize();
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merge the values in <paramref name="other" /> into this field.  For each list
+        /// of values, <paramref name="other"/>'s values are append to the ones in this
+        /// field.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal UnknownField MergeFrom(UnknownField other)
+        {
+            varintList = AddAll(varintList, other.varintList);
+            fixed32List = AddAll(fixed32List, other.fixed32List);
+            fixed64List = AddAll(fixed64List, other.fixed64List);
+            lengthDelimitedList = AddAll(lengthDelimitedList, other.lengthDelimitedList);
+            groupList = AddAll(groupList, other.groupList);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a new list containing all of the given specified values from
+        /// both the <paramref name="current"/> and <paramref name="extras"/> lists.
+        /// If <paramref name="current" /> is null and <paramref name="extras"/> is empty,
+        /// null is returned. Otherwise, either a new list is created (if <paramref name="current" />
+        /// is null) or the elements of <paramref name="extras"/> are added to <paramref name="current" />.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static List<T> AddAll<T>(List<T> current, IList<T> extras)
+        {
+            if (extras.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return current;
+            }
+            if (current == null)
+            {
+                current = new List<T>(extras);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                current.AddRange(extras);
+            }
+            return current;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a varint value.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal UnknownField AddVarint(ulong value)
+        {
+            varintList = Add(varintList, value);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a fixed32 value.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal UnknownField AddFixed32(uint value)
+        {
+            fixed32List = Add(fixed32List, value);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a fixed64 value.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal UnknownField AddFixed64(ulong value)
+        {
+            fixed64List = Add(fixed64List, value);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a length-delimited value.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal UnknownField AddLengthDelimited(ByteString value)
+        {
+            lengthDelimitedList = Add(lengthDelimitedList, value);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal UnknownField AddGroup(UnknownFieldSet value)
+        {
+            groupList = Add(groupList, value);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds <paramref name="value"/> to the <paramref name="list"/>, creating
+        /// a new list if <paramref name="list"/> is null. The list is returned - either
+        /// the original reference or the new list.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static List<T> Add<T>(List<T> list, T value)
+        {
+            if (list == null)
+            {
+                list = new List<T>();
+            }
+            list.Add(value);
+            return list;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/UnknownFieldSet.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/UnknownFieldSet.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a2b6a00d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/UnknownFieldSet.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Used to keep track of fields which were seen when parsing a protocol message
+    /// but whose field numbers or types are unrecognized. This most frequently
+    /// occurs when new fields are added to a message type and then messages containing
+    /// those fields are read by old software that was built before the new types were
+    /// added.
+    ///
+    /// Most users will never need to use this class directly.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed partial class UnknownFieldSet
+    {
+        private readonly IDictionary<int, UnknownField> fields;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new UnknownFieldSet.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal UnknownFieldSet()
+        {
+            this.fields = new Dictionary<int, UnknownField>();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks whether or not the given field number is present in the set.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal bool HasField(int field)
+        {
+            return fields.ContainsKey(field);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Serializes the set and writes it to <paramref name="output"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void WriteTo(CodedOutputStream output)
+        {
+            foreach (KeyValuePair<int, UnknownField> entry in fields)
+            {
+                entry.Value.WriteTo(entry.Key, output);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the number of bytes required to encode this set.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int CalculateSize()
+        {
+            int result = 0;
+            foreach (KeyValuePair<int, UnknownField> entry in fields)
+            {
+                result += entry.Value.GetSerializedSize(entry.Key);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if two unknown field sets are equal.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override bool Equals(object other)
+        {
+            if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            UnknownFieldSet otherSet = other as UnknownFieldSet;
+            IDictionary<int, UnknownField> otherFields = otherSet.fields;
+            if (fields.Count  != otherFields.Count)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            foreach (KeyValuePair<int, UnknownField> leftEntry in fields)
+            {
+                UnknownField rightValue;
+                if (!otherFields.TryGetValue(leftEntry.Key, out rightValue))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (!leftEntry.Value.Equals(rightValue))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the unknown field set's hash code.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            int ret = 1;
+            foreach (KeyValuePair<int, UnknownField> field in fields)
+            {
+                // Use ^ here to make the field order irrelevant.
+                int hash = field.Key.GetHashCode() ^ field.Value.GetHashCode();
+                ret ^= hash;
+            }
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        // Optimization:  We keep around the last field that was
+        // modified so that we can efficiently add to it multiple times in a
+        // row (important when parsing an unknown repeated field).
+        private int lastFieldNumber;
+        private UnknownField lastField;
+
+        private UnknownField GetOrAddField(int number)
+        {
+            if (lastField != null && number == lastFieldNumber)
+            {
+                return lastField;
+            }
+            if (number == 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            UnknownField existing;
+            if (fields.TryGetValue(number, out existing))
+            {
+                return existing;
+            }
+            lastField = new UnknownField();
+            AddOrReplaceField(number, lastField);
+            lastFieldNumber = number;
+            return lastField;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a field to the set. If a field with the same number already exists, it
+        /// is replaced.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal UnknownFieldSet AddOrReplaceField(int number, UnknownField field)
+        {
+            if (number == 0)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("number", "Zero is not a valid field number.");
+            }
+            fields[number] = field;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parse a single field from <paramref name="input"/> and merge it
+        /// into this set.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="input">The coded input stream containing the field</param>
+        /// <returns>false if the tag is an "end group" tag, true otherwise</returns>
+        private bool MergeFieldFrom(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            uint tag = input.LastTag;
+            int number = WireFormat.GetTagFieldNumber(tag);
+            switch (WireFormat.GetTagWireType(tag))
+            {
+                case WireFormat.WireType.Varint:
+                    {
+                        ulong uint64 = input.ReadUInt64();
+                        GetOrAddField(number).AddVarint(uint64);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                case WireFormat.WireType.Fixed32:
+                    {
+                        uint uint32 = input.ReadFixed32();
+                        GetOrAddField(number).AddFixed32(uint32);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                case WireFormat.WireType.Fixed64:
+                    {
+                        ulong uint64 = input.ReadFixed64();
+                        GetOrAddField(number).AddFixed64(uint64);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                case WireFormat.WireType.LengthDelimited:
+                    {
+                        ByteString bytes = input.ReadBytes();
+                        GetOrAddField(number).AddLengthDelimited(bytes);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                case WireFormat.WireType.StartGroup:
+                    {
+                        UnknownFieldSet set = new UnknownFieldSet();
+                        input.ReadGroup(number, set);
+                        GetOrAddField(number).AddGroup(set);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                case WireFormat.WireType.EndGroup:
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                default:
+                    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWireType();
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal void MergeGroupFrom(CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            while (true)
+            {
+                uint tag = input.ReadTag();
+                if (tag == 0)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (!MergeFieldFrom(input))
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a new UnknownFieldSet if unknownFields is null.
+        /// Parse a single field from <paramref name="input"/> and merge it
+        /// into unknownFields. If <paramref name="input"/> is configured to discard unknown fields,
+        /// <paramref name="unknownFields"/> will be returned as-is and the field will be skipped.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="unknownFields">The UnknownFieldSet which need to be merged</param>
+        /// <param name="input">The coded input stream containing the field</param>
+        /// <returns>The merged UnknownFieldSet</returns>
+        public static UnknownFieldSet MergeFieldFrom(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields,
+                                                     CodedInputStream input)
+        {
+            if (input.DiscardUnknownFields)
+            {
+                input.SkipLastField();
+                return unknownFields;
+            }
+            if (unknownFields == null)
+            {
+                unknownFields = new UnknownFieldSet();
+            }
+            if (!unknownFields.MergeFieldFrom(input))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Merge an unknown field of end-group tag, indicating that the corresponding start-group was missing."); // match the old code-gen
+            }
+            return unknownFields;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges the fields from <paramref name="other"/> into this set.
+        /// If a field number exists in both sets, the values in <paramref name="other"/>
+        /// will be appended to the values in this set.
+        /// </summary>
+        private UnknownFieldSet MergeFrom(UnknownFieldSet other)
+        {
+            if (other != null)
+            {
+                foreach (KeyValuePair<int, UnknownField> entry in other.fields)
+                {
+                    MergeField(entry.Key, entry.Value);
+                }
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Created a new UnknownFieldSet to <paramref name="unknownFields"/> if
+        /// needed and merges the fields from <paramref name="other"/> into the first set.
+        /// If a field number exists in both sets, the values in <paramref name="other"/>
+        /// will be appended to the values in this set.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static UnknownFieldSet MergeFrom(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields,
+                                                UnknownFieldSet other)
+        {
+            if (other == null)
+            {
+                return unknownFields;
+            }
+            if (unknownFields == null)
+            {
+                unknownFields = new UnknownFieldSet();
+            }
+            unknownFields.MergeFrom(other);
+            return unknownFields;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a field to the unknown field set. If a field with the same
+        /// number already exists, the two are merged.
+        /// </summary>
+        private UnknownFieldSet MergeField(int number, UnknownField field)
+        {
+            if (number == 0)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("number", "Zero is not a valid field number.");
+            }
+            if (HasField(number))
+            {
+                GetOrAddField(number).MergeFrom(field);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                AddOrReplaceField(number, field);
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clone an unknown field set from <paramref name="other"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static UnknownFieldSet Clone(UnknownFieldSet other)
+        {
+            if (other == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            UnknownFieldSet unknownFields = new UnknownFieldSet();
+            unknownFields.MergeFrom(other);
+            return unknownFields;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Any.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Any.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09e0e29f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Any.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: google/protobuf/any.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from google/protobuf/any.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class AnyReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for google/protobuf/any.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static AnyReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Chlnb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvYW55LnByb3RvEg9nb29nbGUucHJvdG9idWYi",
+            "JgoDQW55EhAKCHR5cGVfdXJsGAEgASgJEg0KBXZhbHVlGAIgASgMQm8KE2Nv",
+            "bS5nb29nbGUucHJvdG9idWZCCEFueVByb3RvUAFaJWdpdGh1Yi5jb20vZ29s",
+            "YW5nL3Byb3RvYnVmL3B0eXBlcy9hbnmiAgNHUEKqAh5Hb29nbGUuUHJvdG9i",
+            "dWYuV2VsbEtub3duVHlwZXNiBnByb3RvMw=="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any.Parser, new[]{ "TypeUrl", "Value" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// `Any` contains an arbitrary serialized protocol buffer message along with a
+  /// URL that describes the type of the serialized message.
+  ///
+  /// Protobuf library provides support to pack/unpack Any values in the form
+  /// of utility functions or additional generated methods of the Any type.
+  ///
+  /// Example 1: Pack and unpack a message in C++.
+  ///
+  ///     Foo foo = ...;
+  ///     Any any;
+  ///     any.PackFrom(foo);
+  ///     ...
+  ///     if (any.UnpackTo(&amp;foo)) {
+  ///       ...
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// Example 2: Pack and unpack a message in Java.
+  ///
+  ///     Foo foo = ...;
+  ///     Any any = Any.pack(foo);
+  ///     ...
+  ///     if (any.is(Foo.class)) {
+  ///       foo = any.unpack(Foo.class);
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  ///  Example 3: Pack and unpack a message in Python.
+  ///
+  ///     foo = Foo(...)
+  ///     any = Any()
+  ///     any.Pack(foo)
+  ///     ...
+  ///     if any.Is(Foo.DESCRIPTOR):
+  ///       any.Unpack(foo)
+  ///       ...
+  ///
+  ///  Example 4: Pack and unpack a message in Go
+  ///
+  ///      foo := &amp;pb.Foo{...}
+  ///      any, err := ptypes.MarshalAny(foo)
+  ///      ...
+  ///      foo := &amp;pb.Foo{}
+  ///      if err := ptypes.UnmarshalAny(any, foo); err != nil {
+  ///        ...
+  ///      }
+  ///
+  /// The pack methods provided by protobuf library will by default use
+  /// 'type.googleapis.com/full.type.name' as the type URL and the unpack
+  /// methods only use the fully qualified type name after the last '/'
+  /// in the type URL, for example "foo.bar.com/x/y.z" will yield type
+  /// name "y.z".
+  ///
+  /// JSON
+  /// ====
+  /// The JSON representation of an `Any` value uses the regular
+  /// representation of the deserialized, embedded message, with an
+  /// additional field `@type` which contains the type URL. Example:
+  ///
+  ///     package google.profile;
+  ///     message Person {
+  ///       string first_name = 1;
+  ///       string last_name = 2;
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  ///     {
+  ///       "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.profile.Person",
+  ///       "firstName": &lt;string>,
+  ///       "lastName": &lt;string>
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// If the embedded message type is well-known and has a custom JSON
+  /// representation, that representation will be embedded adding a field
+  /// `value` which holds the custom JSON in addition to the `@type`
+  /// field. Example (for message [google.protobuf.Duration][]):
+  ///
+  ///     {
+  ///       "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration",
+  ///       "value": "1.212s"
+  ///     }
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Any : pb::IMessage<Any> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Any> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Any>(() => new Any());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Any> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.AnyReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Any() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Any(Any other) : this() {
+      typeUrl_ = other.typeUrl_;
+      value_ = other.value_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Any Clone() {
+      return new Any(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "type_url" field.</summary>
+    public const int TypeUrlFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string typeUrl_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A URL/resource name that uniquely identifies the type of the serialized
+    /// protocol buffer message. This string must contain at least
+    /// one "/" character. The last segment of the URL's path must represent
+    /// the fully qualified name of the type (as in
+    /// `path/google.protobuf.Duration`). The name should be in a canonical form
+    /// (e.g., leading "." is not accepted).
+    ///
+    /// In practice, teams usually precompile into the binary all types that they
+    /// expect it to use in the context of Any. However, for URLs which use the
+    /// scheme `http`, `https`, or no scheme, one can optionally set up a type
+    /// server that maps type URLs to message definitions as follows:
+    ///
+    /// * If no scheme is provided, `https` is assumed.
+    /// * An HTTP GET on the URL must yield a [google.protobuf.Type][]
+    ///   value in binary format, or produce an error.
+    /// * Applications are allowed to cache lookup results based on the
+    ///   URL, or have them precompiled into a binary to avoid any
+    ///   lookup. Therefore, binary compatibility needs to be preserved
+    ///   on changes to types. (Use versioned type names to manage
+    ///   breaking changes.)
+    ///
+    /// Note: this functionality is not currently available in the official
+    /// protobuf release, and it is not used for type URLs beginning with
+    /// type.googleapis.com.
+    ///
+    /// Schemes other than `http`, `https` (or the empty scheme) might be
+    /// used with implementation specific semantics.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string TypeUrl {
+      get { return typeUrl_; }
+      set {
+        typeUrl_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldNumber = 2;
+    private pb::ByteString value_ = pb::ByteString.Empty;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Must be a valid serialized protocol buffer of the above specified type.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString Value {
+      get { return value_; }
+      set {
+        value_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Any);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Any other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (TypeUrl != other.TypeUrl) return false;
+      if (Value != other.Value) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (TypeUrl.Length != 0) hash ^= TypeUrl.GetHashCode();
+      if (Value.Length != 0) hash ^= Value.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (TypeUrl.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(TypeUrl);
+      }
+      if (Value.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteBytes(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (TypeUrl.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(TypeUrl);
+      }
+      if (Value.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Any other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.TypeUrl.Length != 0) {
+        TypeUrl = other.TypeUrl;
+      }
+      if (other.Value.Length != 0) {
+        Value = other.Value;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            TypeUrl = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            Value = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/AnyPartial.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/AnyPartial.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49f259982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/AnyPartial.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    public partial class Any
+    {
+        private const string DefaultPrefix = "type.googleapis.com";
+
+        // This could be moved to MessageDescriptor if we wanted to, but keeping it here means
+        // all the Any-specific code is in the same place.
+        private static string GetTypeUrl(MessageDescriptor descriptor, string prefix) =>
+            prefix.EndsWith("/") ? prefix + descriptor.FullName : prefix + "/" + descriptor.FullName;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieves the type name for a type URL, matching the <see cref="DescriptorBase.FullName"/>
+        /// of the packed message type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>
+        /// This is always just the last part of the URL, after the final slash. No validation of
+        /// anything before the trailing slash is performed. If the type URL does not include a slash,
+        /// an empty string is returned rather than an exception being thrown; this won't match any types,
+        /// and the calling code is probably in a better position to give a meaningful error.
+        /// </para>
+        /// <para>
+        /// There is no handling of fragments or queries  at the moment.
+        /// </para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="typeUrl">The URL to extract the type name from</param>
+        /// <returns>The type name</returns>
+        public static string GetTypeName(string typeUrl)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(typeUrl, nameof(typeUrl));
+            int lastSlash = typeUrl.LastIndexOf('/');
+            return lastSlash == -1 ? "" : typeUrl.Substring(lastSlash + 1);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a bool indictating whether this Any message is of the target message type
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="descriptor">The descriptor of the message type</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the type name matches the descriptor's full name or <c>false</c> otherwise</returns>
+        public bool Is(MessageDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(descriptor, nameof(descriptor));
+            return GetTypeName(TypeUrl) == descriptor.FullName;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unpacks the content of this Any message into the target message type,
+        /// which must match the type URL within this Any message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of message to unpack the content into.</typeparam>
+        /// <returns>The unpacked message.</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidProtocolBufferException">The target message type doesn't match the type URL in this message</exception>
+        public T Unpack<T>() where T : IMessage, new()
+        {
+            // Note: this doesn't perform as well is it might. We could take a MessageParser<T> in an alternative overload,
+            // which would be expected to perform slightly better... although the difference is likely to be negligible.
+            T target = new T();
+            if (GetTypeName(TypeUrl) != target.Descriptor.FullName)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                    $"Full type name for {target.Descriptor.Name} is {target.Descriptor.FullName}; Any message's type url is {TypeUrl}");
+            }
+            target.MergeFrom(Value);
+            return target;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Attempts to unpack the content of this Any message into the target message type,
+        /// if it matches the type URL within this Any message.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of message to attempt to unpack the content into.</typeparam>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the message was successfully unpacked; <c>false</c> if the type name didn't match</returns>
+        public bool TryUnpack<T>(out T result) where T : IMessage, new()
+        {
+            // Note: deliberately avoid writing anything to result until the end, in case it's being
+            // monitored by other threads. (That would be a bug in the calling code, but let's not make it worse.)
+            T target = new T();
+            if (GetTypeName(TypeUrl) != target.Descriptor.FullName)
+            {
+                result = default(T); // Can't use null as there's no class constraint, but this always *will* be null in real usage.
+                return false;
+            }
+            target.MergeFrom(Value);
+            result = target;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Packs the specified message into an Any message using a type URL prefix of "type.googleapis.com".
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to pack.</param>
+        /// <returns>An Any message with the content and type URL of <paramref name="message"/>.</returns>
+        public static Any Pack(IMessage message) => Pack(message, DefaultPrefix);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Packs the specified message into an Any message using the specified type URL prefix.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">The message to pack.</param>
+        /// <param name="typeUrlPrefix">The prefix for the type URL.</param>
+        /// <returns>An Any message with the content and type URL of <paramref name="message"/>.</returns>
+        public static Any Pack(IMessage message, string typeUrlPrefix)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(message, nameof(message));
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(typeUrlPrefix, nameof(typeUrlPrefix));
+            return new Any
+            {
+                TypeUrl = GetTypeUrl(message.Descriptor, typeUrlPrefix),
+                Value = message.ToByteString()
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Api.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Api.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06a990591
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Api.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,948 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: google/protobuf/api.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from google/protobuf/api.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class ApiReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for google/protobuf/api.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static ApiReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Chlnb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvYXBpLnByb3RvEg9nb29nbGUucHJvdG9idWYa",
+            "JGdvb2dsZS9wcm90b2J1Zi9zb3VyY2VfY29udGV4dC5wcm90bxoaZ29vZ2xl",
+            "L3Byb3RvYnVmL3R5cGUucHJvdG8igQIKA0FwaRIMCgRuYW1lGAEgASgJEigK",
+            "B21ldGhvZHMYAiADKAsyFy5nb29nbGUucHJvdG9idWYuTWV0aG9kEigKB29w",
+            "dGlvbnMYAyADKAsyFy5nb29nbGUucHJvdG9idWYuT3B0aW9uEg8KB3ZlcnNp",
+            "b24YBCABKAkSNgoOc291cmNlX2NvbnRleHQYBSABKAsyHi5nb29nbGUucHJv",
+            "dG9idWYuU291cmNlQ29udGV4dBImCgZtaXhpbnMYBiADKAsyFi5nb29nbGUu",
+            "cHJvdG9idWYuTWl4aW4SJwoGc3ludGF4GAcgASgOMhcuZ29vZ2xlLnByb3Rv",
+            "YnVmLlN5bnRheCLVAQoGTWV0aG9kEgwKBG5hbWUYASABKAkSGAoQcmVxdWVz",
+            "dF90eXBlX3VybBgCIAEoCRIZChFyZXF1ZXN0X3N0cmVhbWluZxgDIAEoCBIZ",
+            "ChFyZXNwb25zZV90eXBlX3VybBgEIAEoCRIaChJyZXNwb25zZV9zdHJlYW1p",
+            "bmcYBSABKAgSKAoHb3B0aW9ucxgGIAMoCzIXLmdvb2dsZS5wcm90b2J1Zi5P",
+            "cHRpb24SJwoGc3ludGF4GAcgASgOMhcuZ29vZ2xlLnByb3RvYnVmLlN5bnRh",
+            "eCIjCgVNaXhpbhIMCgRuYW1lGAEgASgJEgwKBHJvb3QYAiABKAlCdQoTY29t",
+            "Lmdvb2dsZS5wcm90b2J1ZkIIQXBpUHJvdG9QAVorZ29vZ2xlLmdvbGFuZy5v",
+            "cmcvZ2VucHJvdG8vcHJvdG9idWYvYXBpO2FwaaICA0dQQqoCHkdvb2dsZS5Q",
+            "cm90b2J1Zi5XZWxsS25vd25UeXBlc2IGcHJvdG8z"));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContextReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.TypeReflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Api.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Methods", "Options", "Version", "SourceContext", "Mixins", "Syntax" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Method), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Method.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "RequestTypeUrl", "RequestStreaming", "ResponseTypeUrl", "ResponseStreaming", "Options", "Syntax" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Mixin), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Mixin.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Root" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Api is a light-weight descriptor for an API Interface.
+  ///
+  /// Interfaces are also described as "protocol buffer services" in some contexts,
+  /// such as by the "service" keyword in a .proto file, but they are different
+  /// from API Services, which represent a concrete implementation of an interface
+  /// as opposed to simply a description of methods and bindings. They are also
+  /// sometimes simply referred to as "APIs" in other contexts, such as the name of
+  /// this message itself. See https://cloud.google.com/apis/design/glossary for
+  /// detailed terminology.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Api : pb::IMessage<Api> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Api> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Api>(() => new Api());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Api> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ApiReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Api() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Api(Api other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      methods_ = other.methods_.Clone();
+      options_ = other.options_.Clone();
+      version_ = other.version_;
+      sourceContext_ = other.sourceContext_ != null ? other.sourceContext_.Clone() : null;
+      mixins_ = other.mixins_.Clone();
+      syntax_ = other.syntax_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Api Clone() {
+      return new Api(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string name_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The fully qualified name of this interface, including package name
+    /// followed by the interface's simple name.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "methods" field.</summary>
+    public const int MethodsFieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Method> _repeated_methods_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Method.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Method> methods_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Method>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The methods of this interface, in unspecified order.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Method> Methods {
+      get { return methods_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> _repeated_options_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(26, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> options_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Any metadata attached to the interface.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> Options {
+      get { return options_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "version" field.</summary>
+    public const int VersionFieldNumber = 4;
+    private string version_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A version string for this interface. If specified, must have the form
+    /// `major-version.minor-version`, as in `1.10`. If the minor version is
+    /// omitted, it defaults to zero. If the entire version field is empty, the
+    /// major version is derived from the package name, as outlined below. If the
+    /// field is not empty, the version in the package name will be verified to be
+    /// consistent with what is provided here.
+    ///
+    /// The versioning schema uses [semantic
+    /// versioning](http://semver.org) where the major version number
+    /// indicates a breaking change and the minor version an additive,
+    /// non-breaking change. Both version numbers are signals to users
+    /// what to expect from different versions, and should be carefully
+    /// chosen based on the product plan.
+    ///
+    /// The major version is also reflected in the package name of the
+    /// interface, which must end in `v&lt;major-version>`, as in
+    /// `google.feature.v1`. For major versions 0 and 1, the suffix can
+    /// be omitted. Zero major versions must only be used for
+    /// experimental, non-GA interfaces.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Version {
+      get { return version_; }
+      set {
+        version_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "source_context" field.</summary>
+    public const int SourceContextFieldNumber = 5;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext sourceContext_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Source context for the protocol buffer service represented by this
+    /// message.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext SourceContext {
+      get { return sourceContext_; }
+      set {
+        sourceContext_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "mixins" field.</summary>
+    public const int MixinsFieldNumber = 6;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Mixin> _repeated_mixins_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(50, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Mixin.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Mixin> mixins_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Mixin>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Included interfaces. See [Mixin][].
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Mixin> Mixins {
+      get { return mixins_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "syntax" field.</summary>
+    public const int SyntaxFieldNumber = 7;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax syntax_ = global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The source syntax of the service.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax Syntax {
+      get { return syntax_; }
+      set {
+        syntax_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Api);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Api other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if(!methods_.Equals(other.methods_)) return false;
+      if(!options_.Equals(other.options_)) return false;
+      if (Version != other.Version) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(SourceContext, other.SourceContext)) return false;
+      if(!mixins_.Equals(other.mixins_)) return false;
+      if (Syntax != other.Syntax) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= methods_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= options_.GetHashCode();
+      if (Version.Length != 0) hash ^= Version.GetHashCode();
+      if (sourceContext_ != null) hash ^= SourceContext.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= mixins_.GetHashCode();
+      if (Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) hash ^= Syntax.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      methods_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_methods_codec);
+      options_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_options_codec);
+      if (Version.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(34);
+        output.WriteString(Version);
+      }
+      if (sourceContext_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(42);
+        output.WriteMessage(SourceContext);
+      }
+      mixins_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_mixins_codec);
+      if (Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(56);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) Syntax);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      size += methods_.CalculateSize(_repeated_methods_codec);
+      size += options_.CalculateSize(_repeated_options_codec);
+      if (Version.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Version);
+      }
+      if (sourceContext_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SourceContext);
+      }
+      size += mixins_.CalculateSize(_repeated_mixins_codec);
+      if (Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) Syntax);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Api other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Name.Length != 0) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      methods_.Add(other.methods_);
+      options_.Add(other.options_);
+      if (other.Version.Length != 0) {
+        Version = other.Version;
+      }
+      if (other.sourceContext_ != null) {
+        if (sourceContext_ == null) {
+          SourceContext = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext();
+        }
+        SourceContext.MergeFrom(other.SourceContext);
+      }
+      mixins_.Add(other.mixins_);
+      if (other.Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) {
+        Syntax = other.Syntax;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            methods_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_methods_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            options_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_options_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            Version = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            if (sourceContext_ == null) {
+              SourceContext = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(SourceContext);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            mixins_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_mixins_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 56: {
+            Syntax = (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Method represents a method of an API interface.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Method : pb::IMessage<Method> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Method> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Method>(() => new Method());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Method> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ApiReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Method() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Method(Method other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      requestTypeUrl_ = other.requestTypeUrl_;
+      requestStreaming_ = other.requestStreaming_;
+      responseTypeUrl_ = other.responseTypeUrl_;
+      responseStreaming_ = other.responseStreaming_;
+      options_ = other.options_.Clone();
+      syntax_ = other.syntax_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Method Clone() {
+      return new Method(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string name_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The simple name of this method.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "request_type_url" field.</summary>
+    public const int RequestTypeUrlFieldNumber = 2;
+    private string requestTypeUrl_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A URL of the input message type.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string RequestTypeUrl {
+      get { return requestTypeUrl_; }
+      set {
+        requestTypeUrl_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "request_streaming" field.</summary>
+    public const int RequestStreamingFieldNumber = 3;
+    private bool requestStreaming_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// If true, the request is streamed.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool RequestStreaming {
+      get { return requestStreaming_; }
+      set {
+        requestStreaming_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "response_type_url" field.</summary>
+    public const int ResponseTypeUrlFieldNumber = 4;
+    private string responseTypeUrl_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The URL of the output message type.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string ResponseTypeUrl {
+      get { return responseTypeUrl_; }
+      set {
+        responseTypeUrl_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "response_streaming" field.</summary>
+    public const int ResponseStreamingFieldNumber = 5;
+    private bool responseStreaming_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// If true, the response is streamed.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool ResponseStreaming {
+      get { return responseStreaming_; }
+      set {
+        responseStreaming_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 6;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> _repeated_options_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(50, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> options_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Any metadata attached to the method.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> Options {
+      get { return options_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "syntax" field.</summary>
+    public const int SyntaxFieldNumber = 7;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax syntax_ = global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The source syntax of this method.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax Syntax {
+      get { return syntax_; }
+      set {
+        syntax_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Method);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Method other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if (RequestTypeUrl != other.RequestTypeUrl) return false;
+      if (RequestStreaming != other.RequestStreaming) return false;
+      if (ResponseTypeUrl != other.ResponseTypeUrl) return false;
+      if (ResponseStreaming != other.ResponseStreaming) return false;
+      if(!options_.Equals(other.options_)) return false;
+      if (Syntax != other.Syntax) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      if (RequestTypeUrl.Length != 0) hash ^= RequestTypeUrl.GetHashCode();
+      if (RequestStreaming != false) hash ^= RequestStreaming.GetHashCode();
+      if (ResponseTypeUrl.Length != 0) hash ^= ResponseTypeUrl.GetHashCode();
+      if (ResponseStreaming != false) hash ^= ResponseStreaming.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= options_.GetHashCode();
+      if (Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) hash ^= Syntax.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      if (RequestTypeUrl.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(RequestTypeUrl);
+      }
+      if (RequestStreaming != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteBool(RequestStreaming);
+      }
+      if (ResponseTypeUrl.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(34);
+        output.WriteString(ResponseTypeUrl);
+      }
+      if (ResponseStreaming != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteBool(ResponseStreaming);
+      }
+      options_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_options_codec);
+      if (Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(56);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) Syntax);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      if (RequestTypeUrl.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(RequestTypeUrl);
+      }
+      if (RequestStreaming != false) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (ResponseTypeUrl.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(ResponseTypeUrl);
+      }
+      if (ResponseStreaming != false) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      size += options_.CalculateSize(_repeated_options_codec);
+      if (Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) Syntax);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Method other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Name.Length != 0) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      if (other.RequestTypeUrl.Length != 0) {
+        RequestTypeUrl = other.RequestTypeUrl;
+      }
+      if (other.RequestStreaming != false) {
+        RequestStreaming = other.RequestStreaming;
+      }
+      if (other.ResponseTypeUrl.Length != 0) {
+        ResponseTypeUrl = other.ResponseTypeUrl;
+      }
+      if (other.ResponseStreaming != false) {
+        ResponseStreaming = other.ResponseStreaming;
+      }
+      options_.Add(other.options_);
+      if (other.Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) {
+        Syntax = other.Syntax;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            RequestTypeUrl = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            RequestStreaming = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            ResponseTypeUrl = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            ResponseStreaming = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            options_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_options_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 56: {
+            Syntax = (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Declares an API Interface to be included in this interface. The including
+  /// interface must redeclare all the methods from the included interface, but
+  /// documentation and options are inherited as follows:
+  ///
+  /// - If after comment and whitespace stripping, the documentation
+  ///   string of the redeclared method is empty, it will be inherited
+  ///   from the original method.
+  ///
+  /// - Each annotation belonging to the service config (http,
+  ///   visibility) which is not set in the redeclared method will be
+  ///   inherited.
+  ///
+  /// - If an http annotation is inherited, the path pattern will be
+  ///   modified as follows. Any version prefix will be replaced by the
+  ///   version of the including interface plus the [root][] path if
+  ///   specified.
+  ///
+  /// Example of a simple mixin:
+  ///
+  ///     package google.acl.v1;
+  ///     service AccessControl {
+  ///       // Get the underlying ACL object.
+  ///       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl) {
+  ///         option (google.api.http).get = "/v1/{resource=**}:getAcl";
+  ///       }
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  ///     package google.storage.v2;
+  ///     service Storage {
+  ///       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl);
+  ///
+  ///       // Get a data record.
+  ///       rpc GetData(GetDataRequest) returns (Data) {
+  ///         option (google.api.http).get = "/v2/{resource=**}";
+  ///       }
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// Example of a mixin configuration:
+  ///
+  ///     apis:
+  ///     - name: google.storage.v2.Storage
+  ///       mixins:
+  ///       - name: google.acl.v1.AccessControl
+  ///
+  /// The mixin construct implies that all methods in `AccessControl` are
+  /// also declared with same name and request/response types in
+  /// `Storage`. A documentation generator or annotation processor will
+  /// see the effective `Storage.GetAcl` method after inherting
+  /// documentation and annotations as follows:
+  ///
+  ///     service Storage {
+  ///       // Get the underlying ACL object.
+  ///       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl) {
+  ///         option (google.api.http).get = "/v2/{resource=**}:getAcl";
+  ///       }
+  ///       ...
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// Note how the version in the path pattern changed from `v1` to `v2`.
+  ///
+  /// If the `root` field in the mixin is specified, it should be a
+  /// relative path under which inherited HTTP paths are placed. Example:
+  ///
+  ///     apis:
+  ///     - name: google.storage.v2.Storage
+  ///       mixins:
+  ///       - name: google.acl.v1.AccessControl
+  ///         root: acls
+  ///
+  /// This implies the following inherited HTTP annotation:
+  ///
+  ///     service Storage {
+  ///       // Get the underlying ACL object.
+  ///       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl) {
+  ///         option (google.api.http).get = "/v2/acls/{resource=**}:getAcl";
+  ///       }
+  ///       ...
+  ///     }
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Mixin : pb::IMessage<Mixin> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Mixin> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Mixin>(() => new Mixin());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Mixin> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ApiReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[2]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Mixin() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Mixin(Mixin other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      root_ = other.root_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Mixin Clone() {
+      return new Mixin(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string name_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The fully qualified name of the interface which is included.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "root" field.</summary>
+    public const int RootFieldNumber = 2;
+    private string root_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// If non-empty specifies a path under which inherited HTTP paths
+    /// are rooted.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Root {
+      get { return root_; }
+      set {
+        root_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Mixin);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Mixin other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if (Root != other.Root) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      if (Root.Length != 0) hash ^= Root.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      if (Root.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteString(Root);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      if (Root.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Root);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Mixin other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Name.Length != 0) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      if (other.Root.Length != 0) {
+        Root = other.Root;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            Root = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Duration.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Duration.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f0078c4dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Duration.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: google/protobuf/duration.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from google/protobuf/duration.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class DurationReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for google/protobuf/duration.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static DurationReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Ch5nb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvZHVyYXRpb24ucHJvdG8SD2dvb2dsZS5wcm90",
+            "b2J1ZiIqCghEdXJhdGlvbhIPCgdzZWNvbmRzGAEgASgDEg0KBW5hbm9zGAIg",
+            "ASgFQnwKE2NvbS5nb29nbGUucHJvdG9idWZCDUR1cmF0aW9uUHJvdG9QAVoq",
+            "Z2l0aHViLmNvbS9nb2xhbmcvcHJvdG9idWYvcHR5cGVzL2R1cmF0aW9u+AEB",
+            "ogIDR1BCqgIeR29vZ2xlLlByb3RvYnVmLldlbGxLbm93blR5cGVzYgZwcm90",
+            "bzM="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Duration.Parser, new[]{ "Seconds", "Nanos" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// A Duration represents a signed, fixed-length span of time represented
+  /// as a count of seconds and fractions of seconds at nanosecond
+  /// resolution. It is independent of any calendar and concepts like "day"
+  /// or "month". It is related to Timestamp in that the difference between
+  /// two Timestamp values is a Duration and it can be added or subtracted
+  /// from a Timestamp. Range is approximately +-10,000 years.
+  ///
+  /// # Examples
+  ///
+  /// Example 1: Compute Duration from two Timestamps in pseudo code.
+  ///
+  ///     Timestamp start = ...;
+  ///     Timestamp end = ...;
+  ///     Duration duration = ...;
+  ///
+  ///     duration.seconds = end.seconds - start.seconds;
+  ///     duration.nanos = end.nanos - start.nanos;
+  ///
+  ///     if (duration.seconds &lt; 0 &amp;&amp; duration.nanos > 0) {
+  ///       duration.seconds += 1;
+  ///       duration.nanos -= 1000000000;
+  ///     } else if (duration.seconds > 0 &amp;&amp; duration.nanos &lt; 0) {
+  ///       duration.seconds -= 1;
+  ///       duration.nanos += 1000000000;
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// Example 2: Compute Timestamp from Timestamp + Duration in pseudo code.
+  ///
+  ///     Timestamp start = ...;
+  ///     Duration duration = ...;
+  ///     Timestamp end = ...;
+  ///
+  ///     end.seconds = start.seconds + duration.seconds;
+  ///     end.nanos = start.nanos + duration.nanos;
+  ///
+  ///     if (end.nanos &lt; 0) {
+  ///       end.seconds -= 1;
+  ///       end.nanos += 1000000000;
+  ///     } else if (end.nanos >= 1000000000) {
+  ///       end.seconds += 1;
+  ///       end.nanos -= 1000000000;
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// Example 3: Compute Duration from datetime.timedelta in Python.
+  ///
+  ///     td = datetime.timedelta(days=3, minutes=10)
+  ///     duration = Duration()
+  ///     duration.FromTimedelta(td)
+  ///
+  /// # JSON Mapping
+  ///
+  /// In JSON format, the Duration type is encoded as a string rather than an
+  /// object, where the string ends in the suffix "s" (indicating seconds) and
+  /// is preceded by the number of seconds, with nanoseconds expressed as
+  /// fractional seconds. For example, 3 seconds with 0 nanoseconds should be
+  /// encoded in JSON format as "3s", while 3 seconds and 1 nanosecond should
+  /// be expressed in JSON format as "3.000000001s", and 3 seconds and 1
+  /// microsecond should be expressed in JSON format as "3.000001s".
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Duration : pb::IMessage<Duration> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Duration> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Duration>(() => new Duration());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Duration> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.DurationReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Duration() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Duration(Duration other) : this() {
+      seconds_ = other.seconds_;
+      nanos_ = other.nanos_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Duration Clone() {
+      return new Duration(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "seconds" field.</summary>
+    public const int SecondsFieldNumber = 1;
+    private long seconds_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Signed seconds of the span of time. Must be from -315,576,000,000
+    /// to +315,576,000,000 inclusive. Note: these bounds are computed from:
+    /// 60 sec/min * 60 min/hr * 24 hr/day * 365.25 days/year * 10000 years
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Seconds {
+      get { return seconds_; }
+      set {
+        seconds_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "nanos" field.</summary>
+    public const int NanosFieldNumber = 2;
+    private int nanos_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Signed fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution of the span
+    /// of time. Durations less than one second are represented with a 0
+    /// `seconds` field and a positive or negative `nanos` field. For durations
+    /// of one second or more, a non-zero value for the `nanos` field must be
+    /// of the same sign as the `seconds` field. Must be from -999,999,999
+    /// to +999,999,999 inclusive.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Nanos {
+      get { return nanos_; }
+      set {
+        nanos_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Duration);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Duration other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Seconds != other.Seconds) return false;
+      if (Nanos != other.Nanos) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Seconds != 0L) hash ^= Seconds.GetHashCode();
+      if (Nanos != 0) hash ^= Nanos.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Seconds != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt64(Seconds);
+      }
+      if (Nanos != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(Nanos);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Seconds != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Seconds);
+      }
+      if (Nanos != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Nanos);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Duration other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Seconds != 0L) {
+        Seconds = other.Seconds;
+      }
+      if (other.Nanos != 0) {
+        Nanos = other.Nanos;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Seconds = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Nanos = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/DurationPartial.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/DurationPartial.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a468fc19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/DurationPartial.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    // Manually-written partial class for the Duration well-known type,
+    // providing a conversion to TimeSpan and convenience operators.
+    public partial class Duration : ICustomDiagnosticMessage
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The number of nanoseconds in a second.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const int NanosecondsPerSecond = 1000000000;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The number of nanoseconds in a BCL tick (as used by <see cref="TimeSpan"/> and <see cref="DateTime"/>).
+        /// </summary>
+        public const int NanosecondsPerTick = 100;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The maximum permitted number of seconds.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const long MaxSeconds = 315576000000L;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The minimum permitted number of seconds.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const long MinSeconds = -315576000000L;
+
+        internal const int MaxNanoseconds = NanosecondsPerSecond - 1;
+        internal const int MinNanoseconds = -NanosecondsPerSecond + 1;
+
+        internal static bool IsNormalized(long seconds, int nanoseconds)
+        {
+            // Simple boundaries
+            if (seconds < MinSeconds || seconds > MaxSeconds ||
+                nanoseconds < MinNanoseconds || nanoseconds > MaxNanoseconds)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            // We only have a problem is one is strictly negative and the other is
+            // strictly positive.
+            return Math.Sign(seconds) * Math.Sign(nanoseconds) != -1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts this <see cref="Duration"/> to a <see cref="TimeSpan"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>If the duration is not a precise number of ticks, it is truncated towards 0.</remarks>
+        /// <returns>The value of this duration, as a <c>TimeSpan</c>.</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">This value isn't a valid normalized duration, as
+        /// described in the documentation.</exception>
+        public TimeSpan ToTimeSpan()
+        {
+            checked
+            {
+                if (!IsNormalized(Seconds, Nanos))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Duration was not a valid normalized duration");
+                }
+                long ticks = Seconds * TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond + Nanos / NanosecondsPerTick;
+                return TimeSpan.FromTicks(ticks);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the given <see cref="TimeSpan"/> to a <see cref="Duration"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="timeSpan">The <c>TimeSpan</c> to convert.</param>
+        /// <returns>The value of the given <c>TimeSpan</c>, as a <c>Duration</c>.</returns>
+        public static Duration FromTimeSpan(TimeSpan timeSpan)
+        {
+            checked
+            {
+                long ticks = timeSpan.Ticks;
+                long seconds = ticks / TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond;
+                int nanos = (int) (ticks % TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond) * NanosecondsPerTick;
+                return new Duration { Seconds = seconds, Nanos = nanos };
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the result of negating the duration. For example, the negation of 5 minutes is -5 minutes.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The duration to negate. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <returns>The negated value of this duration.</returns>
+        public static Duration operator -(Duration value)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+            checked
+            {
+                return Normalize(-value.Seconds, -value.Nanos);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the two specified <see cref="Duration"/> values together.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="lhs">The first value to add. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="rhs">The second value to add. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static Duration operator +(Duration lhs, Duration rhs)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(lhs, "lhs");
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(rhs, "rhs");
+            checked
+            {
+                return Normalize(lhs.Seconds + rhs.Seconds, lhs.Nanos + rhs.Nanos);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Subtracts one <see cref="Duration"/> from another.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="lhs">The duration to subtract from. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="rhs">The duration to subtract. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <returns>The difference between the two specified durations.</returns>
+        public static Duration operator -(Duration lhs, Duration rhs)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(lhs, "lhs");
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(rhs, "rhs");
+            checked
+            {
+                return Normalize(lhs.Seconds - rhs.Seconds, lhs.Nanos - rhs.Nanos);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a duration with the normalized values from the given number of seconds and
+        /// nanoseconds, conforming with the description in the proto file.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static Duration Normalize(long seconds, int nanoseconds)
+        {
+            // Ensure that nanoseconds is in the range (-1,000,000,000, +1,000,000,000)
+            int extraSeconds = nanoseconds / NanosecondsPerSecond;
+            seconds += extraSeconds;
+            nanoseconds -= extraSeconds * NanosecondsPerSecond;
+
+            // Now make sure that Sign(seconds) == Sign(nanoseconds) if Sign(seconds) != 0.
+            if (seconds < 0 && nanoseconds > 0)
+            {
+                seconds += 1;
+                nanoseconds -= NanosecondsPerSecond;
+            }
+            else if (seconds > 0 && nanoseconds < 0)
+            {
+                seconds -= 1;
+                nanoseconds += NanosecondsPerSecond;
+            }
+            return new Duration { Seconds = seconds, Nanos = nanoseconds };
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a duration specified in seconds/nanoseconds to a string.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// If the value is a normalized duration in the range described in <c>duration.proto</c>,
+        /// <paramref name="diagnosticOnly"/> is ignored. Otherwise, if the parameter is <c>true</c>,
+        /// a JSON object with a warning is returned; if it is <c>false</c>, an <see cref="InvalidOperationException"/> is thrown.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="seconds">Seconds portion of the duration.</param>
+        /// <param name="nanoseconds">Nanoseconds portion of the duration.</param>
+        /// <param name="diagnosticOnly">Determines the handling of non-normalized values</param>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The represented duration is invalid, and <paramref name="diagnosticOnly"/> is <c>false</c>.</exception>
+        internal static string ToJson(long seconds, int nanoseconds, bool diagnosticOnly)
+        {
+            if (IsNormalized(seconds, nanoseconds))
+            {
+                var builder = new StringBuilder();
+                builder.Append('"');
+                // The seconds part will normally provide the minus sign if we need it, but not if it's 0...
+                if (seconds == 0 && nanoseconds < 0)
+                {
+                    builder.Append('-');
+                }
+
+                builder.Append(seconds.ToString("d", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+                AppendNanoseconds(builder, Math.Abs(nanoseconds));
+                builder.Append("s\"");
+                return builder.ToString();
+            }
+            if (diagnosticOnly)
+            {
+                // Note: the double braces here are escaping for braces in format strings.
+                return string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
+                    "{{ \"@warning\": \"Invalid Duration\", \"seconds\": \"{0}\", \"nanos\": {1} }}",
+                    seconds,
+                    nanoseconds);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Non-normalized duration value");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a string representation of this <see cref="Duration"/> for diagnostic purposes.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Normally the returned value will be a JSON string value (including leading and trailing quotes) but
+        /// when the value is non-normalized or out of range, a JSON object representation will be returned
+        /// instead, including a warning. This is to avoid exceptions being thrown when trying to
+        /// diagnose problems - the regular JSON formatter will still throw an exception for non-normalized
+        /// values.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <returns>A string representation of this value.</returns>
+        public string ToDiagnosticString()
+        {
+            return ToJson(Seconds, Nanos, true);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Appends a number of nanoseconds to a StringBuilder. Either 0 digits are added (in which
+        /// case no "." is appended), or 3 6 or 9 digits. This is internal for use in Timestamp as well
+        /// as Duration.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static void AppendNanoseconds(StringBuilder builder, int nanos)
+        {
+            if (nanos != 0)
+            {
+                builder.Append('.');
+                // Output to 3, 6 or 9 digits.
+                if (nanos % 1000000 == 0)
+                {
+                    builder.Append((nanos / 1000000).ToString("d3", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+                }
+                else if (nanos % 1000 == 0)
+                {
+                    builder.Append((nanos / 1000).ToString("d6", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    builder.Append(nanos.ToString("d9", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Empty.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Empty.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa435cd23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Empty.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: google/protobuf/empty.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from google/protobuf/empty.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class EmptyReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for google/protobuf/empty.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static EmptyReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Chtnb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvZW1wdHkucHJvdG8SD2dvb2dsZS5wcm90b2J1",
+            "ZiIHCgVFbXB0eUJ2ChNjb20uZ29vZ2xlLnByb3RvYnVmQgpFbXB0eVByb3Rv",
+            "UAFaJ2dpdGh1Yi5jb20vZ29sYW5nL3Byb3RvYnVmL3B0eXBlcy9lbXB0efgB",
+            "AaICA0dQQqoCHkdvb2dsZS5Qcm90b2J1Zi5XZWxsS25vd25UeXBlc2IGcHJv",
+            "dG8z"));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Empty.Parser, null, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// A generic empty message that you can re-use to avoid defining duplicated
+  /// empty messages in your APIs. A typical example is to use it as the request
+  /// or the response type of an API method. For instance:
+  ///
+  ///     service Foo {
+  ///       rpc Bar(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// The JSON representation for `Empty` is empty JSON object `{}`.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Empty : pb::IMessage<Empty> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Empty> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Empty>(() => new Empty());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Empty> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.EmptyReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Empty() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Empty(Empty other) : this() {
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Empty Clone() {
+      return new Empty(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Empty);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Empty other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Empty other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/FieldMask.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/FieldMask.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00e1e9faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/FieldMask.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from google/protobuf/field_mask.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class FieldMaskReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for google/protobuf/field_mask.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static FieldMaskReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "CiBnb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvZmllbGRfbWFzay5wcm90bxIPZ29vZ2xlLnBy",
+            "b3RvYnVmIhoKCUZpZWxkTWFzaxINCgVwYXRocxgBIAMoCUKMAQoTY29tLmdv",
+            "b2dsZS5wcm90b2J1ZkIORmllbGRNYXNrUHJvdG9QAVo5Z29vZ2xlLmdvbGFu",
+            "Zy5vcmcvZ2VucHJvdG8vcHJvdG9idWYvZmllbGRfbWFzaztmaWVsZF9tYXNr",
+            "+AEBogIDR1BCqgIeR29vZ2xlLlByb3RvYnVmLldlbGxLbm93blR5cGVzYgZw",
+            "cm90bzM="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMask.Parser, new[]{ "Paths" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// `FieldMask` represents a set of symbolic field paths, for example:
+  ///
+  ///     paths: "f.a"
+  ///     paths: "f.b.d"
+  ///
+  /// Here `f` represents a field in some root message, `a` and `b`
+  /// fields in the message found in `f`, and `d` a field found in the
+  /// message in `f.b`.
+  ///
+  /// Field masks are used to specify a subset of fields that should be
+  /// returned by a get operation or modified by an update operation.
+  /// Field masks also have a custom JSON encoding (see below).
+  ///
+  /// # Field Masks in Projections
+  ///
+  /// When used in the context of a projection, a response message or
+  /// sub-message is filtered by the API to only contain those fields as
+  /// specified in the mask. For example, if the mask in the previous
+  /// example is applied to a response message as follows:
+  ///
+  ///     f {
+  ///       a : 22
+  ///       b {
+  ///         d : 1
+  ///         x : 2
+  ///       }
+  ///       y : 13
+  ///     }
+  ///     z: 8
+  ///
+  /// The result will not contain specific values for fields x,y and z
+  /// (their value will be set to the default, and omitted in proto text
+  /// output):
+  ///
+  ///     f {
+  ///       a : 22
+  ///       b {
+  ///         d : 1
+  ///       }
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// A repeated field is not allowed except at the last position of a
+  /// paths string.
+  ///
+  /// If a FieldMask object is not present in a get operation, the
+  /// operation applies to all fields (as if a FieldMask of all fields
+  /// had been specified).
+  ///
+  /// Note that a field mask does not necessarily apply to the
+  /// top-level response message. In case of a REST get operation, the
+  /// field mask applies directly to the response, but in case of a REST
+  /// list operation, the mask instead applies to each individual message
+  /// in the returned resource list. In case of a REST custom method,
+  /// other definitions may be used. Where the mask applies will be
+  /// clearly documented together with its declaration in the API.  In
+  /// any case, the effect on the returned resource/resources is required
+  /// behavior for APIs.
+  ///
+  /// # Field Masks in Update Operations
+  ///
+  /// A field mask in update operations specifies which fields of the
+  /// targeted resource are going to be updated. The API is required
+  /// to only change the values of the fields as specified in the mask
+  /// and leave the others untouched. If a resource is passed in to
+  /// describe the updated values, the API ignores the values of all
+  /// fields not covered by the mask.
+  ///
+  /// If a repeated field is specified for an update operation, new values will
+  /// be appended to the existing repeated field in the target resource. Note that
+  /// a repeated field is only allowed in the last position of a `paths` string.
+  ///
+  /// If a sub-message is specified in the last position of the field mask for an
+  /// update operation, then new value will be merged into the existing sub-message
+  /// in the target resource.
+  ///
+  /// For example, given the target message:
+  ///
+  ///     f {
+  ///       b {
+  ///         d: 1
+  ///         x: 2
+  ///       }
+  ///       c: [1]
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// And an update message:
+  ///
+  ///     f {
+  ///       b {
+  ///         d: 10
+  ///       }
+  ///       c: [2]
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// then if the field mask is:
+  ///
+  ///  paths: ["f.b", "f.c"]
+  ///
+  /// then the result will be:
+  ///
+  ///     f {
+  ///       b {
+  ///         d: 10
+  ///         x: 2
+  ///       }
+  ///       c: [1, 2]
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// An implementation may provide options to override this default behavior for
+  /// repeated and message fields.
+  ///
+  /// In order to reset a field's value to the default, the field must
+  /// be in the mask and set to the default value in the provided resource.
+  /// Hence, in order to reset all fields of a resource, provide a default
+  /// instance of the resource and set all fields in the mask, or do
+  /// not provide a mask as described below.
+  ///
+  /// If a field mask is not present on update, the operation applies to
+  /// all fields (as if a field mask of all fields has been specified).
+  /// Note that in the presence of schema evolution, this may mean that
+  /// fields the client does not know and has therefore not filled into
+  /// the request will be reset to their default. If this is unwanted
+  /// behavior, a specific service may require a client to always specify
+  /// a field mask, producing an error if not.
+  ///
+  /// As with get operations, the location of the resource which
+  /// describes the updated values in the request message depends on the
+  /// operation kind. In any case, the effect of the field mask is
+  /// required to be honored by the API.
+  ///
+  /// ## Considerations for HTTP REST
+  ///
+  /// The HTTP kind of an update operation which uses a field mask must
+  /// be set to PATCH instead of PUT in order to satisfy HTTP semantics
+  /// (PUT must only be used for full updates).
+  ///
+  /// # JSON Encoding of Field Masks
+  ///
+  /// In JSON, a field mask is encoded as a single string where paths are
+  /// separated by a comma. Fields name in each path are converted
+  /// to/from lower-camel naming conventions.
+  ///
+  /// As an example, consider the following message declarations:
+  ///
+  ///     message Profile {
+  ///       User user = 1;
+  ///       Photo photo = 2;
+  ///     }
+  ///     message User {
+  ///       string display_name = 1;
+  ///       string address = 2;
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// In proto a field mask for `Profile` may look as such:
+  ///
+  ///     mask {
+  ///       paths: "user.display_name"
+  ///       paths: "photo"
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// In JSON, the same mask is represented as below:
+  ///
+  ///     {
+  ///       mask: "user.displayName,photo"
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// # Field Masks and Oneof Fields
+  ///
+  /// Field masks treat fields in oneofs just as regular fields. Consider the
+  /// following message:
+  ///
+  ///     message SampleMessage {
+  ///       oneof test_oneof {
+  ///         string name = 4;
+  ///         SubMessage sub_message = 9;
+  ///       }
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// The field mask can be:
+  ///
+  ///     mask {
+  ///       paths: "name"
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// Or:
+  ///
+  ///     mask {
+  ///       paths: "sub_message"
+  ///     }
+  ///
+  /// Note that oneof type names ("test_oneof" in this case) cannot be used in
+  /// paths.
+  ///
+  /// ## Field Mask Verification
+  ///
+  /// The implementation of any API method which has a FieldMask type field in the
+  /// request should verify the included field paths, and return an
+  /// `INVALID_ARGUMENT` error if any path is unmappable.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class FieldMask : pb::IMessage<FieldMask> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FieldMask> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FieldMask>(() => new FieldMask());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FieldMask> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FieldMaskReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FieldMask() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FieldMask(FieldMask other) : this() {
+      paths_ = other.paths_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FieldMask Clone() {
+      return new FieldMask(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "paths" field.</summary>
+    public const int PathsFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_paths_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> paths_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The set of field mask paths.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> Paths {
+      get { return paths_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FieldMask);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FieldMask other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!paths_.Equals(other.paths_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= paths_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      paths_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_paths_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += paths_.CalculateSize(_repeated_paths_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FieldMask other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      paths_.Add(other.paths_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            paths_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_paths_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/FieldMaskPartial.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/FieldMaskPartial.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91d2ee909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/FieldMaskPartial.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    // Manually-written partial class for the FieldMask well-known type.
+    public partial class FieldMask : ICustomDiagnosticMessage
+    {
+        private const char FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR = ',';
+        private const char FIELD_SEPARATOR_REGEX = '.';
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a field mask specified by paths to a string.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// If the value is a normalized duration in the range described in <c>field_mask.proto</c>,
+        /// <paramref name="diagnosticOnly"/> is ignored. Otherwise, if the parameter is <c>true</c>,
+        /// a JSON object with a warning is returned; if it is <c>false</c>, an <see cref="InvalidOperationException"/> is thrown.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="paths">Paths in the field mask</param>
+        /// <param name="diagnosticOnly">Determines the handling of non-normalized values</param>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The represented field mask is invalid, and <paramref name="diagnosticOnly"/> is <c>false</c>.</exception>
+        internal static string ToJson(IList<string> paths, bool diagnosticOnly)
+        {
+            var firstInvalid = paths.FirstOrDefault(p => !IsPathValid(p));
+            if (firstInvalid == null)
+            {
+                var writer = new StringWriter();
+#if NET35
+                var query = paths.Select(JsonFormatter.ToJsonName);
+                JsonFormatter.WriteString(writer, string.Join(",", query.ToArray()));
+#else
+                JsonFormatter.WriteString(writer, string.Join(",", paths.Select(JsonFormatter.ToJsonName)));
+#endif
+                return writer.ToString();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (diagnosticOnly)
+                {
+                    var writer = new StringWriter();
+                    writer.Write("{ \"@warning\": \"Invalid FieldMask\", \"paths\": ");
+                    JsonFormatter.Default.WriteList(writer, (IList)paths);
+                    writer.Write(" }");
+                    return writer.ToString();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException($"Invalid field mask to be converted to JSON: {firstInvalid}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a string representation of this <see cref="FieldMask"/> for diagnostic purposes.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Normally the returned value will be a JSON string value (including leading and trailing quotes) but
+        /// when the value is non-normalized or out of range, a JSON object representation will be returned
+        /// instead, including a warning. This is to avoid exceptions being thrown when trying to
+        /// diagnose problems - the regular JSON formatter will still throw an exception for non-normalized
+        /// values.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <returns>A string representation of this value.</returns>
+        public string ToDiagnosticString()
+        {
+            return ToJson(Paths, true);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses from a string to a FieldMask.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static FieldMask FromString(string value)
+        {
+            return FromStringEnumerable<Empty>(new List<string>(value.Split(FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR)));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses from a string to a FieldMask and validates all field paths.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to validate the field paths against.</typeparam>
+        public static FieldMask FromString<T>(string value) where T : IMessage
+        {
+            return FromStringEnumerable<T>(new List<string>(value.Split(FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR)));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a FieldMask for a list of field paths in a certain type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to validate the field paths against.</typeparam>
+        public static FieldMask FromStringEnumerable<T>(IEnumerable<string> paths) where T : IMessage
+        {
+            var mask = new FieldMask();
+            foreach (var path in paths)
+            {
+                if (path.Length == 0)
+                {
+                    // Ignore empty field paths.
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (typeof(T) != typeof(Empty)
+                    && !IsValid<T>(path))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(path + " is not a valid path for " + typeof(T));
+                }
+
+                mask.Paths.Add(path);
+            }
+
+            return mask;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a FieldMask from the passed field numbers.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to validate the field paths against.</typeparam>
+        public static FieldMask FromFieldNumbers<T>(params int[] fieldNumbers) where T : IMessage
+        {
+            return FromFieldNumbers<T>((IEnumerable<int>)fieldNumbers);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a FieldMask from the passed field numbers.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to validate the field paths against.</typeparam>
+        public static FieldMask FromFieldNumbers<T>(IEnumerable<int> fieldNumbers) where T : IMessage
+        {
+            var descriptor = Activator.CreateInstance<T>().Descriptor;
+
+            var mask = new FieldMask();
+            foreach (var fieldNumber in fieldNumbers)
+            {
+                var field = descriptor.FindFieldByNumber(fieldNumber);
+                if (field == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException($"{fieldNumber} is not a valid field number for {descriptor.Name}");
+                }
+
+                mask.Paths.Add(field.Name);
+            }
+
+            return mask;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks whether the given path is valid for a field mask.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>true if the path is valid; false otherwise</returns>
+        private static bool IsPathValid(string input)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < input.Length; i++)
+            {
+                char c = input[i];
+                if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (c == '_' && i < input.Length - 1)
+                {
+                    char next = input[i + 1];
+                    if (next < 'a' || next > 'z')
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks whether paths in a given fields mask are valid.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to validate the field paths against.</typeparam>
+        public static bool IsValid<T>(FieldMask fieldMask) where T : IMessage
+        {
+            var descriptor = Activator.CreateInstance<T>().Descriptor;
+
+            return IsValid(descriptor, fieldMask);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks whether paths in a given fields mask are valid.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool IsValid(MessageDescriptor descriptor, FieldMask fieldMask)
+        {
+            foreach (var path in fieldMask.Paths)
+            {
+                if (!IsValid(descriptor, path))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks whether a given field path is valid.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to validate the field paths against.</typeparam>
+        public static bool IsValid<T>(string path) where T : IMessage
+        {
+            var descriptor = Activator.CreateInstance<T>().Descriptor;
+
+            return IsValid(descriptor, path);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks whether paths in a given fields mask are valid.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool IsValid(MessageDescriptor descriptor, string path)
+        {
+            var parts = path.Split(FIELD_SEPARATOR_REGEX);
+            if (parts.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            foreach (var name in parts)
+            {
+                var field = descriptor?.FindFieldByName(name);
+                if (field == null)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if (!field.IsRepeated
+                    && field.FieldType == FieldType.Message)
+                {
+                    descriptor = field.MessageType;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    descriptor = null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts this FieldMask to its canonical form. In the canonical form of a
+        /// FieldMask, all field paths are sorted alphabetically and redundant field
+        /// paths are removed.
+        /// </summary>
+        public FieldMask Normalize()
+        {
+            return new FieldMaskTree(this).ToFieldMask();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a union of two or more FieldMasks.
+        /// </summary>
+        public FieldMask Union(params FieldMask[] otherMasks)
+        {
+            var maskTree = new FieldMaskTree(this);
+            foreach (var mask in otherMasks)
+            {
+                maskTree.MergeFromFieldMask(mask);
+            }
+
+            return maskTree.ToFieldMask();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Calculates the intersection of two FieldMasks.
+        /// </summary>
+        public FieldMask Intersection(FieldMask additionalMask)
+        {
+            var tree = new FieldMaskTree(this);
+            var result = new FieldMaskTree();
+            foreach (var path in additionalMask.Paths)
+            {
+                tree.IntersectFieldPath(path, result);
+            }
+
+            return result.ToFieldMask();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges fields specified by this FieldMask from one message to another with the
+        /// specified merge options.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Merge(IMessage source, IMessage destination, MergeOptions options)
+        {
+            new FieldMaskTree(this).Merge(source, destination, options);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Merges fields specified by this FieldMask from one message to another.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Merge(IMessage source, IMessage destination)
+        {
+            Merge(source, destination, new MergeOptions());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Options to customize merging behavior.
+        /// </summary>
+        public sealed class MergeOptions
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Whether to replace message fields(i.e., discard existing content in
+            /// destination message fields) when merging.
+            /// Default behavior is to merge the source message field into the
+            /// destination message field.
+            /// </summary>
+            public bool ReplaceMessageFields { get; set; } = false;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Whether to replace repeated fields (i.e., discard existing content in
+            /// destination repeated fields) when merging.
+            /// Default behavior is to append elements from source repeated field to the
+            /// destination repeated field.
+            /// </summary>
+            public bool ReplaceRepeatedFields { get; set; } = false;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Whether to replace primitive (non-repeated and non-message) fields in
+            /// destination message fields with the source primitive fields (i.e., if the
+            /// field is set in the source, the value is copied to the
+            /// destination; if the field is unset in the source, the field is cleared
+            /// from the destination) when merging.
+            ///
+            /// Default behavior is to always set the value of the source primitive
+            /// field to the destination primitive field, and if the source field is
+            /// unset, the default value of the source field is copied to the
+            /// destination.
+            /// </summary>
+            public bool ReplacePrimitiveFields { get; set; } = false;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/SourceContext.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/SourceContext.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7076196e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/SourceContext.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: google/protobuf/source_context.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from google/protobuf/source_context.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class SourceContextReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for google/protobuf/source_context.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static SourceContextReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "CiRnb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvc291cmNlX2NvbnRleHQucHJvdG8SD2dvb2ds",
+            "ZS5wcm90b2J1ZiIiCg1Tb3VyY2VDb250ZXh0EhEKCWZpbGVfbmFtZRgBIAEo",
+            "CUKVAQoTY29tLmdvb2dsZS5wcm90b2J1ZkISU291cmNlQ29udGV4dFByb3Rv",
+            "UAFaQWdvb2dsZS5nb2xhbmcub3JnL2dlbnByb3RvL3Byb3RvYnVmL3NvdXJj",
+            "ZV9jb250ZXh0O3NvdXJjZV9jb250ZXh0ogIDR1BCqgIeR29vZ2xlLlByb3Rv",
+            "YnVmLldlbGxLbm93blR5cGVzYgZwcm90bzM="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext.Parser, new[]{ "FileName" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// `SourceContext` represents information about the source of a
+  /// protobuf element, like the file in which it is defined.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class SourceContext : pb::IMessage<SourceContext> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<SourceContext> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<SourceContext>(() => new SourceContext());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<SourceContext> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContextReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SourceContext() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SourceContext(SourceContext other) : this() {
+      fileName_ = other.fileName_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public SourceContext Clone() {
+      return new SourceContext(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "file_name" field.</summary>
+    public const int FileNameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string fileName_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The path-qualified name of the .proto file that contained the associated
+    /// protobuf element.  For example: `"google/protobuf/source_context.proto"`.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string FileName {
+      get { return fileName_; }
+      set {
+        fileName_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as SourceContext);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(SourceContext other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (FileName != other.FileName) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (FileName.Length != 0) hash ^= FileName.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (FileName.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(FileName);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (FileName.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(FileName);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(SourceContext other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.FileName.Length != 0) {
+        FileName = other.FileName;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            FileName = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Struct.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Struct.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1dbe239c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Struct.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,692 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: google/protobuf/struct.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from google/protobuf/struct.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class StructReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for google/protobuf/struct.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static StructReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Chxnb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvc3RydWN0LnByb3RvEg9nb29nbGUucHJvdG9i",
+            "dWYihAEKBlN0cnVjdBIzCgZmaWVsZHMYASADKAsyIy5nb29nbGUucHJvdG9i",
+            "dWYuU3RydWN0LkZpZWxkc0VudHJ5GkUKC0ZpZWxkc0VudHJ5EgsKA2tleRgB",
+            "IAEoCRIlCgV2YWx1ZRgCIAEoCzIWLmdvb2dsZS5wcm90b2J1Zi5WYWx1ZToC",
+            "OAEi6gEKBVZhbHVlEjAKCm51bGxfdmFsdWUYASABKA4yGi5nb29nbGUucHJv",
+            "dG9idWYuTnVsbFZhbHVlSAASFgoMbnVtYmVyX3ZhbHVlGAIgASgBSAASFgoM",
+            "c3RyaW5nX3ZhbHVlGAMgASgJSAASFAoKYm9vbF92YWx1ZRgEIAEoCEgAEi8K",
+            "DHN0cnVjdF92YWx1ZRgFIAEoCzIXLmdvb2dsZS5wcm90b2J1Zi5TdHJ1Y3RI",
+            "ABIwCgpsaXN0X3ZhbHVlGAYgASgLMhouZ29vZ2xlLnByb3RvYnVmLkxpc3RW",
+            "YWx1ZUgAQgYKBGtpbmQiMwoJTGlzdFZhbHVlEiYKBnZhbHVlcxgBIAMoCzIW",
+            "Lmdvb2dsZS5wcm90b2J1Zi5WYWx1ZSobCglOdWxsVmFsdWUSDgoKTlVMTF9W",
+            "QUxVRRAAQoEBChNjb20uZ29vZ2xlLnByb3RvYnVmQgtTdHJ1Y3RQcm90b1AB",
+            "WjFnaXRodWIuY29tL2dvbGFuZy9wcm90b2J1Zi9wdHlwZXMvc3RydWN0O3N0",
+            "cnVjdHBi+AEBogIDR1BCqgIeR29vZ2xlLlByb3RvYnVmLldlbGxLbm93blR5",
+            "cGVzYgZwcm90bzM="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(new[] {typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.NullValue), }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct.Parser, new[]{ "Fields" }, null, null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { null, }),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value.Parser, new[]{ "NullValue", "NumberValue", "StringValue", "BoolValue", "StructValue", "ListValue" }, new[]{ "Kind" }, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ListValue), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ListValue.Parser, new[]{ "Values" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Enums
+  /// <summary>
+  /// `NullValue` is a singleton enumeration to represent the null value for the
+  /// `Value` type union.
+  ///
+  ///  The JSON representation for `NullValue` is JSON `null`.
+  /// </summary>
+  public enum NullValue {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Null value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [pbr::OriginalName("NULL_VALUE")] NullValue = 0,
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// `Struct` represents a structured data value, consisting of fields
+  /// which map to dynamically typed values. In some languages, `Struct`
+  /// might be supported by a native representation. For example, in
+  /// scripting languages like JS a struct is represented as an
+  /// object. The details of that representation are described together
+  /// with the proto support for the language.
+  ///
+  /// The JSON representation for `Struct` is JSON object.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Struct : pb::IMessage<Struct> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Struct> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Struct>(() => new Struct());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Struct> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.StructReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Struct() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Struct(Struct other) : this() {
+      fields_ = other.fields_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Struct Clone() {
+      return new Struct(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "fields" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldsFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value>.Codec _map_fields_codec
+        = new pbc::MapField<string, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value>.Codec(pb::FieldCodec.ForString(10, ""), pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value.Parser), 10);
+    private readonly pbc::MapField<string, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value> fields_ = new pbc::MapField<string, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Unordered map of dynamically typed values.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::MapField<string, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value> Fields {
+      get { return fields_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Struct);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Struct other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!Fields.Equals(other.Fields)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= Fields.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      fields_.WriteTo(output, _map_fields_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += fields_.CalculateSize(_map_fields_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Struct other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      fields_.Add(other.fields_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            fields_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_fields_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// `Value` represents a dynamically typed value which can be either
+  /// null, a number, a string, a boolean, a recursive struct value, or a
+  /// list of values. A producer of value is expected to set one of that
+  /// variants, absence of any variant indicates an error.
+  ///
+  /// The JSON representation for `Value` is JSON value.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Value : pb::IMessage<Value> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Value> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Value>(() => new Value());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Value> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.StructReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Value() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Value(Value other) : this() {
+      switch (other.KindCase) {
+        case KindOneofCase.NullValue:
+          NullValue = other.NullValue;
+          break;
+        case KindOneofCase.NumberValue:
+          NumberValue = other.NumberValue;
+          break;
+        case KindOneofCase.StringValue:
+          StringValue = other.StringValue;
+          break;
+        case KindOneofCase.BoolValue:
+          BoolValue = other.BoolValue;
+          break;
+        case KindOneofCase.StructValue:
+          StructValue = other.StructValue.Clone();
+          break;
+        case KindOneofCase.ListValue:
+          ListValue = other.ListValue.Clone();
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Value Clone() {
+      return new Value(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "null_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int NullValueFieldNumber = 1;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a null value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.NullValue NullValue {
+      get { return kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.NullValue ? (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.NullValue) kind_ : global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.NullValue.NullValue; }
+      set {
+        kind_ = value;
+        kindCase_ = KindOneofCase.NullValue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "number_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int NumberValueFieldNumber = 2;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a double value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double NumberValue {
+      get { return kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.NumberValue ? (double) kind_ : 0D; }
+      set {
+        kind_ = value;
+        kindCase_ = KindOneofCase.NumberValue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "string_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int StringValueFieldNumber = 3;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a string value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string StringValue {
+      get { return kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.StringValue ? (string) kind_ : ""; }
+      set {
+        kind_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+        kindCase_ = KindOneofCase.StringValue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "bool_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int BoolValueFieldNumber = 4;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a boolean value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool BoolValue {
+      get { return kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.BoolValue ? (bool) kind_ : false; }
+      set {
+        kind_ = value;
+        kindCase_ = KindOneofCase.BoolValue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "struct_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int StructValueFieldNumber = 5;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a structured value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct StructValue {
+      get { return kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.StructValue ? (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct) kind_ : null; }
+      set {
+        kind_ = value;
+        kindCase_ = value == null ? KindOneofCase.None : KindOneofCase.StructValue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "list_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ListValueFieldNumber = 6;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a repeated `Value`.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ListValue ListValue {
+      get { return kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.ListValue ? (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ListValue) kind_ : null; }
+      set {
+        kind_ = value;
+        kindCase_ = value == null ? KindOneofCase.None : KindOneofCase.ListValue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private object kind_;
+    /// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the "kind" oneof.</summary>
+    public enum KindOneofCase {
+      None = 0,
+      NullValue = 1,
+      NumberValue = 2,
+      StringValue = 3,
+      BoolValue = 4,
+      StructValue = 5,
+      ListValue = 6,
+    }
+    private KindOneofCase kindCase_ = KindOneofCase.None;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public KindOneofCase KindCase {
+      get { return kindCase_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void ClearKind() {
+      kindCase_ = KindOneofCase.None;
+      kind_ = null;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Value);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Value other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (NullValue != other.NullValue) return false;
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(NumberValue, other.NumberValue)) return false;
+      if (StringValue != other.StringValue) return false;
+      if (BoolValue != other.BoolValue) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(StructValue, other.StructValue)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(ListValue, other.ListValue)) return false;
+      if (KindCase != other.KindCase) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.NullValue) hash ^= NullValue.GetHashCode();
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.NumberValue) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(NumberValue);
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.StringValue) hash ^= StringValue.GetHashCode();
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.BoolValue) hash ^= BoolValue.GetHashCode();
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.StructValue) hash ^= StructValue.GetHashCode();
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.ListValue) hash ^= ListValue.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= (int) kindCase_;
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.NullValue) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) NullValue);
+      }
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.NumberValue) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(17);
+        output.WriteDouble(NumberValue);
+      }
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.StringValue) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(26);
+        output.WriteString(StringValue);
+      }
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.BoolValue) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(32);
+        output.WriteBool(BoolValue);
+      }
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.StructValue) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(42);
+        output.WriteMessage(StructValue);
+      }
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.ListValue) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(50);
+        output.WriteMessage(ListValue);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.NullValue) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) NullValue);
+      }
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.NumberValue) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.StringValue) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(StringValue);
+      }
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.BoolValue) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.StructValue) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(StructValue);
+      }
+      if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.ListValue) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(ListValue);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Value other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      switch (other.KindCase) {
+        case KindOneofCase.NullValue:
+          NullValue = other.NullValue;
+          break;
+        case KindOneofCase.NumberValue:
+          NumberValue = other.NumberValue;
+          break;
+        case KindOneofCase.StringValue:
+          StringValue = other.StringValue;
+          break;
+        case KindOneofCase.BoolValue:
+          BoolValue = other.BoolValue;
+          break;
+        case KindOneofCase.StructValue:
+          if (StructValue == null) {
+            StructValue = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct();
+          }
+          StructValue.MergeFrom(other.StructValue);
+          break;
+        case KindOneofCase.ListValue:
+          if (ListValue == null) {
+            ListValue = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ListValue();
+          }
+          ListValue.MergeFrom(other.ListValue);
+          break;
+      }
+
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            kind_ = input.ReadEnum();
+            kindCase_ = KindOneofCase.NullValue;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 17: {
+            NumberValue = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            StringValue = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 32: {
+            BoolValue = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Struct();
+            if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.StructValue) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(StructValue);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            StructValue = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ListValue subBuilder = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.ListValue();
+            if (kindCase_ == KindOneofCase.ListValue) {
+              subBuilder.MergeFrom(ListValue);
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);
+            ListValue = subBuilder;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// `ListValue` is a wrapper around a repeated field of values.
+  ///
+  /// The JSON representation for `ListValue` is JSON array.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class ListValue : pb::IMessage<ListValue> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<ListValue> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<ListValue>(() => new ListValue());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<ListValue> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.StructReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[2]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ListValue() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ListValue(ListValue other) : this() {
+      values_ = other.values_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ListValue Clone() {
+      return new ListValue(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "values" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValuesFieldNumber = 1;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value> _repeated_values_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(10, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value> values_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Repeated field of dynamically typed values.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Value> Values {
+      get { return values_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as ListValue);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(ListValue other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if(!values_.Equals(other.values_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      hash ^= values_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      values_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_values_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      size += values_.CalculateSize(_repeated_values_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(ListValue other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      values_.Add(other.values_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            values_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_values_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/TimeExtensions.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/TimeExtensions.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b63d6303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/TimeExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Extension methods on BCL time-related types, converting to protobuf types.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class TimeExtensions
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the given <see cref="DateTime"/> to a <see cref="Timestamp"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="dateTime">The date and time to convert to a timestamp.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">The <paramref name="dateTime"/> value has a <see cref="DateTime.Kind"/>other than <c>Utc</c>.</exception>
+        /// <returns>The converted timestamp.</returns>
+        public static Timestamp ToTimestamp(this DateTime dateTime)
+        {
+            return Timestamp.FromDateTime(dateTime);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the given <see cref="DateTimeOffset"/> to a <see cref="Timestamp"/>
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>The offset is taken into consideration when converting the value (so the same instant in time
+        /// is represented) but is not a separate part of the resulting value. In other words, there is no
+        /// roundtrip operation to retrieve the original <c>DateTimeOffset</c>.</remarks>
+        /// <param name="dateTimeOffset">The date and time (with UTC offset) to convert to a timestamp.</param>
+        /// <returns>The converted timestamp.</returns>
+        public static Timestamp ToTimestamp(this DateTimeOffset dateTimeOffset)
+        {
+            return Timestamp.FromDateTimeOffset(dateTimeOffset);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the given <see cref="TimeSpan"/> to a <see cref="Duration"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="timeSpan">The time span to convert.</param>
+        /// <returns>The converted duration.</returns>
+        public static Duration ToDuration(this TimeSpan timeSpan)
+        {
+            return Duration.FromTimeSpan(timeSpan);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Timestamp.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Timestamp.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12f4812af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Timestamp.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from google/protobuf/timestamp.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class TimestampReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for google/protobuf/timestamp.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static TimestampReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Ch9nb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvdGltZXN0YW1wLnByb3RvEg9nb29nbGUucHJv",
+            "dG9idWYiKwoJVGltZXN0YW1wEg8KB3NlY29uZHMYASABKAMSDQoFbmFub3MY",
+            "AiABKAVCfgoTY29tLmdvb2dsZS5wcm90b2J1ZkIOVGltZXN0YW1wUHJvdG9Q",
+            "AVorZ2l0aHViLmNvbS9nb2xhbmcvcHJvdG9idWYvcHR5cGVzL3RpbWVzdGFt",
+            "cPgBAaICA0dQQqoCHkdvb2dsZS5Qcm90b2J1Zi5XZWxsS25vd25UeXBlc2IG",
+            "cHJvdG8z"));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp.Parser, new[]{ "Seconds", "Nanos" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// A Timestamp represents a point in time independent of any time zone or local
+  /// calendar, encoded as a count of seconds and fractions of seconds at
+  /// nanosecond resolution. The count is relative to an epoch at UTC midnight on
+  /// January 1, 1970, in the proleptic Gregorian calendar which extends the
+  /// Gregorian calendar backwards to year one.
+  ///
+  /// All minutes are 60 seconds long. Leap seconds are "smeared" so that no leap
+  /// second table is needed for interpretation, using a [24-hour linear
+  /// smear](https://developers.google.com/time/smear).
+  ///
+  /// The range is from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z. By
+  /// restricting to that range, we ensure that we can convert to and from [RFC
+  /// 3339](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt) date strings.
+  ///
+  /// # Examples
+  ///
+  /// Example 1: Compute Timestamp from POSIX `time()`.
+  ///
+  ///     Timestamp timestamp;
+  ///     timestamp.set_seconds(time(NULL));
+  ///     timestamp.set_nanos(0);
+  ///
+  /// Example 2: Compute Timestamp from POSIX `gettimeofday()`.
+  ///
+  ///     struct timeval tv;
+  ///     gettimeofday(&amp;tv, NULL);
+  ///
+  ///     Timestamp timestamp;
+  ///     timestamp.set_seconds(tv.tv_sec);
+  ///     timestamp.set_nanos(tv.tv_usec * 1000);
+  ///
+  /// Example 3: Compute Timestamp from Win32 `GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()`.
+  ///
+  ///     FILETIME ft;
+  ///     GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&amp;ft);
+  ///     UINT64 ticks = (((UINT64)ft.dwHighDateTime) &lt;&lt; 32) | ft.dwLowDateTime;
+  ///
+  ///     // A Windows tick is 100 nanoseconds. Windows epoch 1601-01-01T00:00:00Z
+  ///     // is 11644473600 seconds before Unix epoch 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
+  ///     Timestamp timestamp;
+  ///     timestamp.set_seconds((INT64) ((ticks / 10000000) - 11644473600LL));
+  ///     timestamp.set_nanos((INT32) ((ticks % 10000000) * 100));
+  ///
+  /// Example 4: Compute Timestamp from Java `System.currentTimeMillis()`.
+  ///
+  ///     long millis = System.currentTimeMillis();
+  ///
+  ///     Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(millis / 1000)
+  ///         .setNanos((int) ((millis % 1000) * 1000000)).build();
+  ///
+  /// Example 5: Compute Timestamp from current time in Python.
+  ///
+  ///     timestamp = Timestamp()
+  ///     timestamp.GetCurrentTime()
+  ///
+  /// # JSON Mapping
+  ///
+  /// In JSON format, the Timestamp type is encoded as a string in the
+  /// [RFC 3339](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt) format. That is, the
+  /// format is "{year}-{month}-{day}T{hour}:{min}:{sec}[.{frac_sec}]Z"
+  /// where {year} is always expressed using four digits while {month}, {day},
+  /// {hour}, {min}, and {sec} are zero-padded to two digits each. The fractional
+  /// seconds, which can go up to 9 digits (i.e. up to 1 nanosecond resolution),
+  /// are optional. The "Z" suffix indicates the timezone ("UTC"); the timezone
+  /// is required. A proto3 JSON serializer should always use UTC (as indicated by
+  /// "Z") when printing the Timestamp type and a proto3 JSON parser should be
+  /// able to accept both UTC and other timezones (as indicated by an offset).
+  ///
+  /// For example, "2017-01-15T01:30:15.01Z" encodes 15.01 seconds past
+  /// 01:30 UTC on January 15, 2017.
+  ///
+  /// In JavaScript, one can convert a Date object to this format using the
+  /// standard
+  /// [toISOString()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date/toISOString)
+  /// method. In Python, a standard `datetime.datetime` object can be converted
+  /// to this format using
+  /// [`strftime`](https://docs.python.org/2/library/time.html#time.strftime) with
+  /// the time format spec '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ'. Likewise, in Java, one can use
+  /// the Joda Time's [`ISODateTimeFormat.dateTime()`](
+  /// http://www.joda.org/joda-time/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/ISODateTimeFormat.html#dateTime%2D%2D
+  /// ) to obtain a formatter capable of generating timestamps in this format.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Timestamp : pb::IMessage<Timestamp> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Timestamp> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Timestamp>(() => new Timestamp());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Timestamp> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.TimestampReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Timestamp() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Timestamp(Timestamp other) : this() {
+      seconds_ = other.seconds_;
+      nanos_ = other.nanos_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Timestamp Clone() {
+      return new Timestamp(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "seconds" field.</summary>
+    public const int SecondsFieldNumber = 1;
+    private long seconds_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents seconds of UTC time since Unix epoch
+    /// 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to
+    /// 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z inclusive.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Seconds {
+      get { return seconds_; }
+      set {
+        seconds_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "nanos" field.</summary>
+    public const int NanosFieldNumber = 2;
+    private int nanos_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Non-negative fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution. Negative
+    /// second values with fractions must still have non-negative nanos values
+    /// that count forward in time. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999
+    /// inclusive.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Nanos {
+      get { return nanos_; }
+      set {
+        nanos_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Timestamp);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Timestamp other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Seconds != other.Seconds) return false;
+      if (Nanos != other.Nanos) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Seconds != 0L) hash ^= Seconds.GetHashCode();
+      if (Nanos != 0) hash ^= Nanos.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Seconds != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt64(Seconds);
+      }
+      if (Nanos != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(Nanos);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Seconds != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Seconds);
+      }
+      if (Nanos != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Nanos);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Timestamp other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Seconds != 0L) {
+        Seconds = other.Seconds;
+      }
+      if (other.Nanos != 0) {
+        Nanos = other.Nanos;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Seconds = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Nanos = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/TimestampPartial.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/TimestampPartial.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f5172f1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/TimestampPartial.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    public partial class Timestamp : ICustomDiagnosticMessage, IComparable<Timestamp>
+    {
+        private static readonly DateTime UnixEpoch = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc);
+        // Constants determined programmatically, but then hard-coded so they can be constant expressions.
+        private const long BclSecondsAtUnixEpoch = 62135596800;
+        internal const long UnixSecondsAtBclMaxValue = 253402300799;
+        internal const long UnixSecondsAtBclMinValue = -BclSecondsAtUnixEpoch;
+        internal const int MaxNanos = Duration.NanosecondsPerSecond - 1;
+
+        private static bool IsNormalized(long seconds, int nanoseconds) =>
+            nanoseconds >= 0 &&
+            nanoseconds <= MaxNanos &&
+            seconds >= UnixSecondsAtBclMinValue &&
+            seconds <= UnixSecondsAtBclMaxValue;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the difference between one <see cref="Timestamp"/> and another, as a <see cref="Duration"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="lhs">The timestamp to subtract from. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="rhs">The timestamp to subtract. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <returns>The difference between the two specified timestamps.</returns>
+        public static Duration operator -(Timestamp lhs, Timestamp rhs)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(lhs, "lhs");
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(rhs, "rhs");
+            checked
+            {
+                return Duration.Normalize(lhs.Seconds - rhs.Seconds, lhs.Nanos - rhs.Nanos);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a <see cref="Duration"/> to a <see cref="Timestamp"/>, to obtain another <c>Timestamp</c>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="lhs">The timestamp to add the duration to. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="rhs">The duration to add. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <returns>The result of adding the duration to the timestamp.</returns>
+        public static Timestamp operator +(Timestamp lhs, Duration rhs)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(lhs, "lhs");
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(rhs, "rhs");
+            checked
+            {
+                return Normalize(lhs.Seconds + rhs.Seconds, lhs.Nanos + rhs.Nanos);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Subtracts a <see cref="Duration"/> from a <see cref="Timestamp"/>, to obtain another <c>Timestamp</c>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="lhs">The timestamp to subtract the duration from. Must not be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="rhs">The duration to subtract.</param>
+        /// <returns>The result of subtracting the duration from the timestamp.</returns>
+        public static Timestamp operator -(Timestamp lhs, Duration rhs)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(lhs, "lhs");
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(rhs, "rhs");
+            checked
+            {
+                return Normalize(lhs.Seconds - rhs.Seconds, lhs.Nanos - rhs.Nanos);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts this timestamp into a <see cref="DateTime"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The resulting <c>DateTime</c> will always have a <c>Kind</c> of <c>Utc</c>.
+        /// If the timestamp is not a precise number of ticks, it will be truncated towards the start
+        /// of time. For example, a timestamp with a <see cref="Nanos"/> value of 99 will result in a
+        /// <see cref="DateTime"/> value precisely on a second.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <returns>This timestamp as a <c>DateTime</c>.</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The timestamp contains invalid values; either it is
+        /// incorrectly normalized or is outside the valid range.</exception>
+        public DateTime ToDateTime()
+        {
+            if (!IsNormalized(Seconds, Nanos))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(@"Timestamp contains invalid values: Seconds={Seconds}; Nanos={Nanos}");
+            }
+            return UnixEpoch.AddSeconds(Seconds).AddTicks(Nanos / Duration.NanosecondsPerTick);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts this timestamp into a <see cref="DateTimeOffset"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The resulting <c>DateTimeOffset</c> will always have an <c>Offset</c> of zero.
+        /// If the timestamp is not a precise number of ticks, it will be truncated towards the start
+        /// of time. For example, a timestamp with a <see cref="Nanos"/> value of 99 will result in a
+        /// <see cref="DateTimeOffset"/> value precisely on a second.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <returns>This timestamp as a <c>DateTimeOffset</c>.</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The timestamp contains invalid values; either it is
+        /// incorrectly normalized or is outside the valid range.</exception>
+        public DateTimeOffset ToDateTimeOffset()
+        {
+            return new DateTimeOffset(ToDateTime(), TimeSpan.Zero);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the specified <see cref="DateTime"/> to a <see cref="Timestamp"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="dateTime"></param>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">The <c>Kind</c> of <paramref name="dateTime"/> is not <c>DateTimeKind.Utc</c>.</exception>
+        /// <returns>The converted timestamp.</returns>
+        public static Timestamp FromDateTime(DateTime dateTime)
+        {
+            if (dateTime.Kind != DateTimeKind.Utc)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Conversion from DateTime to Timestamp requires the DateTime kind to be Utc", "dateTime");
+            }
+            // Do the arithmetic using DateTime.Ticks, which is always non-negative, making things simpler.
+            long secondsSinceBclEpoch = dateTime.Ticks / TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond;
+            int nanoseconds = (int)  (dateTime.Ticks % TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond) * Duration.NanosecondsPerTick;
+            return new Timestamp { Seconds = secondsSinceBclEpoch - BclSecondsAtUnixEpoch, Nanos = nanoseconds };
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the given <see cref="DateTimeOffset"/> to a <see cref="Timestamp"/>
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>The offset is taken into consideration when converting the value (so the same instant in time
+        /// is represented) but is not a separate part of the resulting value. In other words, there is no
+        /// roundtrip operation to retrieve the original <c>DateTimeOffset</c>.</remarks>
+        /// <param name="dateTimeOffset">The date and time (with UTC offset) to convert to a timestamp.</param>
+        /// <returns>The converted timestamp.</returns>
+        public static Timestamp FromDateTimeOffset(DateTimeOffset dateTimeOffset)
+        {
+            // We don't need to worry about this having negative ticks: DateTimeOffset is constrained to handle
+            // values whose *UTC* value is in the range of DateTime.
+            return FromDateTime(dateTimeOffset.UtcDateTime);
+        }
+
+        internal static Timestamp Normalize(long seconds, int nanoseconds)
+        {
+            int extraSeconds = nanoseconds / Duration.NanosecondsPerSecond;
+            seconds += extraSeconds;
+            nanoseconds -= extraSeconds * Duration.NanosecondsPerSecond;
+
+            if (nanoseconds < 0)
+            {
+                nanoseconds += Duration.NanosecondsPerSecond;
+                seconds--;
+            }
+            return new Timestamp { Seconds = seconds, Nanos = nanoseconds };
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a timestamp specified in seconds/nanoseconds to a string.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// If the value is a normalized duration in the range described in <c>timestamp.proto</c>,
+        /// <paramref name="diagnosticOnly"/> is ignored. Otherwise, if the parameter is <c>true</c>,
+        /// a JSON object with a warning is returned; if it is <c>false</c>, an <see cref="InvalidOperationException"/> is thrown.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="seconds">Seconds portion of the duration.</param>
+        /// <param name="nanoseconds">Nanoseconds portion of the duration.</param>
+        /// <param name="diagnosticOnly">Determines the handling of non-normalized values</param>
+        /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The represented duration is invalid, and <paramref name="diagnosticOnly"/> is <c>false</c>.</exception>
+        internal static string ToJson(long seconds, int nanoseconds, bool diagnosticOnly)
+        {
+            if (IsNormalized(seconds, nanoseconds))
+            {
+                // Use .NET's formatting for the value down to the second, including an opening double quote (as it's a string value)
+                DateTime dateTime = UnixEpoch.AddSeconds(seconds);
+                var builder = new StringBuilder();
+                builder.Append('"');
+                builder.Append(dateTime.ToString("yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH:mm:ss", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+                Duration.AppendNanoseconds(builder, nanoseconds);
+                builder.Append("Z\"");
+                return builder.ToString();
+            }
+            if (diagnosticOnly)
+            {
+                return string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
+                    "{{ \"@warning\": \"Invalid Timestamp\", \"seconds\": \"{0}\", \"nanos\": {1} }}",
+                    seconds,
+                    nanoseconds);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Non-normalized timestamp value");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Given another timestamp, returns 0 if the timestamps are equivalent, -1 if this timestamp precedes the other, and 1 otherwise
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Make sure the timestamps are normalized. Comparing non-normalized timestamps is not specified and may give unexpected results.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="other">Timestamp to compare</param>
+        /// <returns>an integer indicating whether this timestamp precedes or follows the other</returns>
+        public int CompareTo(Timestamp other)
+        {
+            return other == null ? 1
+                : Seconds < other.Seconds ? -1
+                : Seconds > other.Seconds ? 1
+                : Nanos < other.Nanos ? -1
+                : Nanos > other.Nanos ? 1
+                : 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Compares two timestamps and returns whether the first is less than (chronologically precedes) the second
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Make sure the timestamps are normalized. Comparing non-normalized timestamps is not specified and may give unexpected results.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="a"></param>
+        /// <param name="b"></param>
+        /// <returns>true if a precedes b</returns>
+        public static bool operator <(Timestamp a, Timestamp b)
+        {
+            return a.CompareTo(b) < 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Compares two timestamps and returns whether the first is greater than (chronologically follows) the second
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Make sure the timestamps are normalized. Comparing non-normalized timestamps is not specified and may give unexpected results.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="a"></param>
+        /// <param name="b"></param>
+        /// <returns>true if a follows b</returns>
+        public static bool operator >(Timestamp a, Timestamp b)
+        {
+            return a.CompareTo(b) > 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Compares two timestamps and returns whether the first is less than (chronologically precedes) the second
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Make sure the timestamps are normalized. Comparing non-normalized timestamps is not specified and may give unexpected results.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="a"></param>
+        /// <param name="b"></param>
+        /// <returns>true if a precedes b</returns>
+        public static bool operator <=(Timestamp a, Timestamp b)
+        {
+            return a.CompareTo(b) <= 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Compares two timestamps and returns whether the first is greater than (chronologically follows) the second
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Make sure the timestamps are normalized. Comparing non-normalized timestamps is not specified and may give unexpected results.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="a"></param>
+        /// <param name="b"></param>
+        /// <returns>true if a follows b</returns>
+        public static bool operator >=(Timestamp a, Timestamp b)
+        {
+            return a.CompareTo(b) >= 0;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns whether two timestamps are equivalent
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Make sure the timestamps are normalized. Comparing non-normalized timestamps is not specified and may give unexpected results.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="a"></param>
+        /// <param name="b"></param>
+        /// <returns>true if the two timestamps refer to the same nanosecond</returns>
+        public static bool operator ==(Timestamp a, Timestamp b)
+        {
+            return ReferenceEquals(a, b) || (ReferenceEquals(a, null) ? (ReferenceEquals(b, null) ? true : false) : a.Equals(b));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns whether two timestamps differ
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Make sure the timestamps are normalized. Comparing non-normalized timestamps is not specified and may give unexpected results.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="a"></param>
+        /// <param name="b"></param>
+        /// <returns>true if the two timestamps differ</returns>
+        public static bool operator !=(Timestamp a, Timestamp b)
+        {
+            return !(a == b);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a string representation of this <see cref="Timestamp"/> for diagnostic purposes.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Normally the returned value will be a JSON string value (including leading and trailing quotes) but
+        /// when the value is non-normalized or out of range, a JSON object representation will be returned
+        /// instead, including a warning. This is to avoid exceptions being thrown when trying to
+        /// diagnose problems - the regular JSON formatter will still throw an exception for non-normalized
+        /// values.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <returns>A string representation of this value.</returns>
+        public string ToDiagnosticString()
+        {
+            return ToJson(Seconds, Nanos, true);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Type.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Type.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfd4b8ec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Type.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,1506 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from google/protobuf/type.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class TypeReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for google/protobuf/type.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static TypeReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Chpnb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvdHlwZS5wcm90bxIPZ29vZ2xlLnByb3RvYnVm",
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+            "ZRIoCgdvcHRpb25zGAMgAygLMhcuZ29vZ2xlLnByb3RvYnVmLk9wdGlvbhI2",
+            "Cg5zb3VyY2VfY29udGV4dBgEIAEoCzIeLmdvb2dsZS5wcm90b2J1Zi5Tb3Vy",
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+            "bEtub3duVHlwZXNiBnByb3RvMw=="));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.AnyReflection.Descriptor, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContextReflection.Descriptor, },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(new[] {typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax), }, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Type.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Fields", "Oneofs", "Options", "SourceContext", "Syntax" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Parser, new[]{ "Kind", "Cardinality", "Number", "Name", "TypeUrl", "OneofIndex", "Packed", "Options", "JsonName", "DefaultValue" }, null, new[]{ typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Kind), typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Cardinality) }, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Enum), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Enum.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Enumvalue", "Options", "SourceContext", "Syntax" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.EnumValue), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.EnumValue.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Number", "Options" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option.Parser, new[]{ "Name", "Value" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Enums
+  /// <summary>
+  /// The syntax in which a protocol buffer element is defined.
+  /// </summary>
+  public enum Syntax {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Syntax `proto2`.
+    /// </summary>
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SYNTAX_PROTO2")] Proto2 = 0,
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Syntax `proto3`.
+    /// </summary>
+    [pbr::OriginalName("SYNTAX_PROTO3")] Proto3 = 1,
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// A protocol buffer message type.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Type : pb::IMessage<Type> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Type> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Type>(() => new Type());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Type> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.TypeReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Type() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Type(Type other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      fields_ = other.fields_.Clone();
+      oneofs_ = other.oneofs_.Clone();
+      options_ = other.options_.Clone();
+      sourceContext_ = other.sourceContext_ != null ? other.sourceContext_.Clone() : null;
+      syntax_ = other.syntax_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Type Clone() {
+      return new Type(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string name_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The fully qualified message name.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "fields" field.</summary>
+    public const int FieldsFieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field> _repeated_fields_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field> fields_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The list of fields.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field> Fields {
+      get { return fields_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneofs" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofsFieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<string> _repeated_oneofs_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForString(26);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<string> oneofs_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<string>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The list of types appearing in `oneof` definitions in this type.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<string> Oneofs {
+      get { return oneofs_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 4;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> _repeated_options_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(34, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> options_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The protocol buffer options.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> Options {
+      get { return options_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "source_context" field.</summary>
+    public const int SourceContextFieldNumber = 5;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext sourceContext_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The source context.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext SourceContext {
+      get { return sourceContext_; }
+      set {
+        sourceContext_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "syntax" field.</summary>
+    public const int SyntaxFieldNumber = 6;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax syntax_ = global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The source syntax.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax Syntax {
+      get { return syntax_; }
+      set {
+        syntax_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Type);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Type other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if(!fields_.Equals(other.fields_)) return false;
+      if(!oneofs_.Equals(other.oneofs_)) return false;
+      if(!options_.Equals(other.options_)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(SourceContext, other.SourceContext)) return false;
+      if (Syntax != other.Syntax) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= fields_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= oneofs_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= options_.GetHashCode();
+      if (sourceContext_ != null) hash ^= SourceContext.GetHashCode();
+      if (Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) hash ^= Syntax.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      fields_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_fields_codec);
+      oneofs_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_oneofs_codec);
+      options_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_options_codec);
+      if (sourceContext_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(42);
+        output.WriteMessage(SourceContext);
+      }
+      if (Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(48);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) Syntax);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      size += fields_.CalculateSize(_repeated_fields_codec);
+      size += oneofs_.CalculateSize(_repeated_oneofs_codec);
+      size += options_.CalculateSize(_repeated_options_codec);
+      if (sourceContext_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SourceContext);
+      }
+      if (Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) Syntax);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Type other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Name.Length != 0) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      fields_.Add(other.fields_);
+      oneofs_.Add(other.oneofs_);
+      options_.Add(other.options_);
+      if (other.sourceContext_ != null) {
+        if (sourceContext_ == null) {
+          SourceContext = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext();
+        }
+        SourceContext.MergeFrom(other.SourceContext);
+      }
+      if (other.Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) {
+        Syntax = other.Syntax;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            fields_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_fields_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            oneofs_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_oneofs_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            options_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_options_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 42: {
+            if (sourceContext_ == null) {
+              SourceContext = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(SourceContext);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 48: {
+            Syntax = (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// A single field of a message type.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Field : pb::IMessage<Field> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Field> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Field>(() => new Field());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Field> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.TypeReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Field() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Field(Field other) : this() {
+      kind_ = other.kind_;
+      cardinality_ = other.cardinality_;
+      number_ = other.number_;
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      typeUrl_ = other.typeUrl_;
+      oneofIndex_ = other.oneofIndex_;
+      packed_ = other.packed_;
+      options_ = other.options_.Clone();
+      jsonName_ = other.jsonName_;
+      defaultValue_ = other.defaultValue_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Field Clone() {
+      return new Field(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "kind" field.</summary>
+    public const int KindFieldNumber = 1;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Kind kind_ = global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Kind.TypeUnknown;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The field type.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Kind Kind {
+      get { return kind_; }
+      set {
+        kind_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "cardinality" field.</summary>
+    public const int CardinalityFieldNumber = 2;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Cardinality cardinality_ = global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Cardinality.Unknown;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The field cardinality.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Cardinality Cardinality {
+      get { return cardinality_; }
+      set {
+        cardinality_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "number" field.</summary>
+    public const int NumberFieldNumber = 3;
+    private int number_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The field number.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Number {
+      get { return number_; }
+      set {
+        number_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 4;
+    private string name_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The field name.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "type_url" field.</summary>
+    public const int TypeUrlFieldNumber = 6;
+    private string typeUrl_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The field type URL, without the scheme, for message or enumeration
+    /// types. Example: `"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"`.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string TypeUrl {
+      get { return typeUrl_; }
+      set {
+        typeUrl_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "oneof_index" field.</summary>
+    public const int OneofIndexFieldNumber = 7;
+    private int oneofIndex_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The index of the field type in `Type.oneofs`, for message or enumeration
+    /// types. The first type has index 1; zero means the type is not in the list.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int OneofIndex {
+      get { return oneofIndex_; }
+      set {
+        oneofIndex_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "packed" field.</summary>
+    public const int PackedFieldNumber = 8;
+    private bool packed_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether to use alternative packed wire representation.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Packed {
+      get { return packed_; }
+      set {
+        packed_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 9;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> _repeated_options_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(74, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> options_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The protocol buffer options.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> Options {
+      get { return options_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "json_name" field.</summary>
+    public const int JsonNameFieldNumber = 10;
+    private string jsonName_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The field JSON name.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string JsonName {
+      get { return jsonName_; }
+      set {
+        jsonName_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "default_value" field.</summary>
+    public const int DefaultValueFieldNumber = 11;
+    private string defaultValue_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The string value of the default value of this field. Proto2 syntax only.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string DefaultValue {
+      get { return defaultValue_; }
+      set {
+        defaultValue_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Field);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Field other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Kind != other.Kind) return false;
+      if (Cardinality != other.Cardinality) return false;
+      if (Number != other.Number) return false;
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if (TypeUrl != other.TypeUrl) return false;
+      if (OneofIndex != other.OneofIndex) return false;
+      if (Packed != other.Packed) return false;
+      if(!options_.Equals(other.options_)) return false;
+      if (JsonName != other.JsonName) return false;
+      if (DefaultValue != other.DefaultValue) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Kind != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Kind.TypeUnknown) hash ^= Kind.GetHashCode();
+      if (Cardinality != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Cardinality.Unknown) hash ^= Cardinality.GetHashCode();
+      if (Number != 0) hash ^= Number.GetHashCode();
+      if (Name.Length != 0) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      if (TypeUrl.Length != 0) hash ^= TypeUrl.GetHashCode();
+      if (OneofIndex != 0) hash ^= OneofIndex.GetHashCode();
+      if (Packed != false) hash ^= Packed.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= options_.GetHashCode();
+      if (JsonName.Length != 0) hash ^= JsonName.GetHashCode();
+      if (DefaultValue.Length != 0) hash ^= DefaultValue.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Kind != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Kind.TypeUnknown) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) Kind);
+      }
+      if (Cardinality != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Cardinality.Unknown) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) Cardinality);
+      }
+      if (Number != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(24);
+        output.WriteInt32(Number);
+      }
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(34);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      if (TypeUrl.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(50);
+        output.WriteString(TypeUrl);
+      }
+      if (OneofIndex != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(56);
+        output.WriteInt32(OneofIndex);
+      }
+      if (Packed != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(64);
+        output.WriteBool(Packed);
+      }
+      options_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_options_codec);
+      if (JsonName.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(82);
+        output.WriteString(JsonName);
+      }
+      if (DefaultValue.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(90);
+        output.WriteString(DefaultValue);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Kind != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Kind.TypeUnknown) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) Kind);
+      }
+      if (Cardinality != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Cardinality.Unknown) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) Cardinality);
+      }
+      if (Number != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Number);
+      }
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      if (TypeUrl.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(TypeUrl);
+      }
+      if (OneofIndex != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(OneofIndex);
+      }
+      if (Packed != false) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      size += options_.CalculateSize(_repeated_options_codec);
+      if (JsonName.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(JsonName);
+      }
+      if (DefaultValue.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(DefaultValue);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Field other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Kind != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Kind.TypeUnknown) {
+        Kind = other.Kind;
+      }
+      if (other.Cardinality != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Cardinality.Unknown) {
+        Cardinality = other.Cardinality;
+      }
+      if (other.Number != 0) {
+        Number = other.Number;
+      }
+      if (other.Name.Length != 0) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      if (other.TypeUrl.Length != 0) {
+        TypeUrl = other.TypeUrl;
+      }
+      if (other.OneofIndex != 0) {
+        OneofIndex = other.OneofIndex;
+      }
+      if (other.Packed != false) {
+        Packed = other.Packed;
+      }
+      options_.Add(other.options_);
+      if (other.JsonName.Length != 0) {
+        JsonName = other.JsonName;
+      }
+      if (other.DefaultValue.Length != 0) {
+        DefaultValue = other.DefaultValue;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Kind = (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Kind) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Cardinality = (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Field.Types.Cardinality) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 24: {
+            Number = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 50: {
+            TypeUrl = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 56: {
+            OneofIndex = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 64: {
+            Packed = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 74: {
+            options_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_options_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 82: {
+            JsonName = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 90: {
+            DefaultValue = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    #region Nested types
+    /// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the Field message type.</summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static partial class Types {
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Basic field types.
+      /// </summary>
+      public enum Kind {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type unknown.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_UNKNOWN")] TypeUnknown = 0,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type double.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_DOUBLE")] TypeDouble = 1,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type float.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_FLOAT")] TypeFloat = 2,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type int64.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_INT64")] TypeInt64 = 3,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type uint64.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_UINT64")] TypeUint64 = 4,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type int32.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_INT32")] TypeInt32 = 5,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type fixed64.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_FIXED64")] TypeFixed64 = 6,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type fixed32.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_FIXED32")] TypeFixed32 = 7,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type bool.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_BOOL")] TypeBool = 8,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type string.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_STRING")] TypeString = 9,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type group. Proto2 syntax only, and deprecated.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_GROUP")] TypeGroup = 10,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type message.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_MESSAGE")] TypeMessage = 11,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type bytes.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_BYTES")] TypeBytes = 12,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type uint32.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_UINT32")] TypeUint32 = 13,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type enum.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_ENUM")] TypeEnum = 14,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type sfixed32.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_SFIXED32")] TypeSfixed32 = 15,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type sfixed64.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_SFIXED64")] TypeSfixed64 = 16,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type sint32.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_SINT32")] TypeSint32 = 17,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field type sint64.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("TYPE_SINT64")] TypeSint64 = 18,
+      }
+
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Whether a field is optional, required, or repeated.
+      /// </summary>
+      public enum Cardinality {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// For fields with unknown cardinality.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN")] Unknown = 0,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// For optional fields.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL")] Optional = 1,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// For required fields. Proto2 syntax only.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("CARDINALITY_REQUIRED")] Required = 2,
+        /// <summary>
+        /// For repeated fields.
+        /// </summary>
+        [pbr::OriginalName("CARDINALITY_REPEATED")] Repeated = 3,
+      }
+
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Enum type definition.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Enum : pb::IMessage<Enum> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Enum> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Enum>(() => new Enum());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Enum> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.TypeReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[2]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Enum() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Enum(Enum other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      enumvalue_ = other.enumvalue_.Clone();
+      options_ = other.options_.Clone();
+      sourceContext_ = other.sourceContext_ != null ? other.sourceContext_.Clone() : null;
+      syntax_ = other.syntax_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Enum Clone() {
+      return new Enum(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string name_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Enum type name.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "enumvalue" field.</summary>
+    public const int EnumvalueFieldNumber = 2;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.EnumValue> _repeated_enumvalue_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(18, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.EnumValue.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.EnumValue> enumvalue_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.EnumValue>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Enum value definitions.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.EnumValue> Enumvalue {
+      get { return enumvalue_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> _repeated_options_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(26, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> options_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Protocol buffer options.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> Options {
+      get { return options_; }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "source_context" field.</summary>
+    public const int SourceContextFieldNumber = 4;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext sourceContext_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The source context.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext SourceContext {
+      get { return sourceContext_; }
+      set {
+        sourceContext_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "syntax" field.</summary>
+    public const int SyntaxFieldNumber = 5;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax syntax_ = global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The source syntax.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax Syntax {
+      get { return syntax_; }
+      set {
+        syntax_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Enum);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Enum other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if(!enumvalue_.Equals(other.enumvalue_)) return false;
+      if(!options_.Equals(other.options_)) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(SourceContext, other.SourceContext)) return false;
+      if (Syntax != other.Syntax) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= enumvalue_.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= options_.GetHashCode();
+      if (sourceContext_ != null) hash ^= SourceContext.GetHashCode();
+      if (Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) hash ^= Syntax.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      enumvalue_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_enumvalue_codec);
+      options_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_options_codec);
+      if (sourceContext_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(34);
+        output.WriteMessage(SourceContext);
+      }
+      if (Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(40);
+        output.WriteEnum((int) Syntax);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      size += enumvalue_.CalculateSize(_repeated_enumvalue_codec);
+      size += options_.CalculateSize(_repeated_options_codec);
+      if (sourceContext_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(SourceContext);
+      }
+      if (Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) Syntax);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Enum other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Name.Length != 0) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      enumvalue_.Add(other.enumvalue_);
+      options_.Add(other.options_);
+      if (other.sourceContext_ != null) {
+        if (sourceContext_ == null) {
+          SourceContext = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext();
+        }
+        SourceContext.MergeFrom(other.SourceContext);
+      }
+      if (other.Syntax != global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax.Proto2) {
+        Syntax = other.Syntax;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            enumvalue_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_enumvalue_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            options_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_options_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 34: {
+            if (sourceContext_ == null) {
+              SourceContext = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.SourceContext();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(SourceContext);
+            break;
+          }
+          case 40: {
+            Syntax = (global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Syntax) input.ReadEnum();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Enum value definition.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class EnumValue : pb::IMessage<EnumValue> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<EnumValue> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<EnumValue>(() => new EnumValue());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<EnumValue> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.TypeReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[3]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumValue() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumValue(EnumValue other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      number_ = other.number_;
+      options_ = other.options_.Clone();
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public EnumValue Clone() {
+      return new EnumValue(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string name_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Enum value name.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "number" field.</summary>
+    public const int NumberFieldNumber = 2;
+    private int number_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Enum value number.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Number {
+      get { return number_; }
+      set {
+        number_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "options" field.</summary>
+    public const int OptionsFieldNumber = 3;
+    private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> _repeated_options_codec
+        = pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage(26, global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option.Parser);
+    private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> options_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option>();
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Protocol buffer options.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pbc::RepeatedField<global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Option> Options {
+      get { return options_; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as EnumValue);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(EnumValue other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if (Number != other.Number) return false;
+      if(!options_.Equals(other.options_)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      if (Number != 0) hash ^= Number.GetHashCode();
+      hash ^= options_.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      if (Number != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(16);
+        output.WriteInt32(Number);
+      }
+      options_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_options_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      if (Number != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Number);
+      }
+      size += options_.CalculateSize(_repeated_options_codec);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(EnumValue other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Name.Length != 0) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      if (other.Number != 0) {
+        Number = other.Number;
+      }
+      options_.Add(other.options_);
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 16: {
+            Number = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 26: {
+            options_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_options_codec);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// A protocol buffer option, which can be attached to a message, field,
+  /// enumeration, etc.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Option : pb::IMessage<Option> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Option> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Option>(() => new Option());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Option> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.TypeReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[4]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Option() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Option(Option other) : this() {
+      name_ = other.name_;
+      value_ = other.value_ != null ? other.value_.Clone() : null;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Option Clone() {
+      return new Option(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "name" field.</summary>
+    public const int NameFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string name_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The option's name. For protobuf built-in options (options defined in
+    /// descriptor.proto), this is the short name. For example, `"map_entry"`.
+    /// For custom options, it should be the fully-qualified name. For example,
+    /// `"google.api.http"`.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Name {
+      get { return name_; }
+      set {
+        name_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldNumber = 2;
+    private global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any value_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The option's value packed in an Any message. If the value is a primitive,
+    /// the corresponding wrapper type defined in google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+    /// should be used. If the value is an enum, it should be stored as an int32
+    /// value using the google.protobuf.Int32Value type.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any Value {
+      get { return value_; }
+      set {
+        value_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Option);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Option other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Name != other.Name) return false;
+      if (!object.Equals(Value, other.Value)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) hash ^= Name.GetHashCode();
+      if (value_ != null) hash ^= Value.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Name);
+      }
+      if (value_ != null) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(18);
+        output.WriteMessage(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Name.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Name);
+      }
+      if (value_ != null) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Option other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Name.Length != 0) {
+        Name = other.Name;
+      }
+      if (other.value_ != null) {
+        if (value_ == null) {
+          Value = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any();
+        }
+        Value.MergeFrom(other.Value);
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Name = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+          case 18: {
+            if (value_ == null) {
+              Value = new global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Any();
+            }
+            input.ReadMessage(Value);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/ValuePartial.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/ValuePartial.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d34b560de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/ValuePartial.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    public partial class Value
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Convenience method to create a Value message with a string value.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">Value to set for the StringValue property.</param>
+        /// <returns>A newly-created Value message with the given value.</returns>
+        public static Value ForString(string value)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+            return new Value { StringValue = value };
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Convenience method to create a Value message with a number value.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">Value to set for the NumberValue property.</param>
+        /// <returns>A newly-created Value message with the given value.</returns>
+        public static Value ForNumber(double value)
+        {
+            return new Value { NumberValue = value };
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Convenience method to create a Value message with a Boolean value.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">Value to set for the BoolValue property.</param>
+        /// <returns>A newly-created Value message with the given value.</returns>
+        public static Value ForBool(bool value)
+        {
+            return new Value { BoolValue = value };
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Convenience method to create a Value message with a null initial value.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A newly-created Value message a null initial value.</returns>
+        public static Value ForNull()
+        {
+            return new Value { NullValue = 0 };
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Convenience method to create a Value message with an initial list of values.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>The values provided are not cloned; the references are copied directly.</remarks>
+        /// <returns>A newly-created Value message an initial list value.</returns>
+        public static Value ForList(params Value[] values)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(values, "values");
+            return new Value { ListValue = new ListValue { Values = { values } } };
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Convenience method to create a Value message with an initial struct value
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>The value provided is not cloned; the reference is copied directly.</remarks>
+        /// <returns>A newly-created Value message an initial struct value.</returns>
+        public static Value ForStruct(Struct value)
+        {
+            ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+            return new Value { StructValue = value };
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Wrappers.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Wrappers.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..556af3c93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Wrappers.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,1292 @@
+// <auto-generated>
+//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+//     source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+// </auto-generated>
+#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021
+#region Designer generated code
+
+using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;
+using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;
+using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;
+using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes {
+
+  /// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from google/protobuf/wrappers.proto</summary>
+  public static partial class WrappersReflection {
+
+    #region Descriptor
+    /// <summary>File descriptor for google/protobuf/wrappers.proto</summary>
+    public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return descriptor; }
+    }
+    private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    static WrappersReflection() {
+      byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(
+          string.Concat(
+            "Ch5nb29nbGUvcHJvdG9idWYvd3JhcHBlcnMucHJvdG8SD2dvb2dsZS5wcm90",
+            "b2J1ZiIcCgtEb3VibGVWYWx1ZRINCgV2YWx1ZRgBIAEoASIbCgpGbG9hdFZh",
+            "bHVlEg0KBXZhbHVlGAEgASgCIhsKCkludDY0VmFsdWUSDQoFdmFsdWUYASAB",
+            "KAMiHAoLVUludDY0VmFsdWUSDQoFdmFsdWUYASABKAQiGwoKSW50MzJWYWx1",
+            "ZRINCgV2YWx1ZRgBIAEoBSIcCgtVSW50MzJWYWx1ZRINCgV2YWx1ZRgBIAEo",
+            "DSIaCglCb29sVmFsdWUSDQoFdmFsdWUYASABKAgiHAoLU3RyaW5nVmFsdWUS",
+            "DQoFdmFsdWUYASABKAkiGwoKQnl0ZXNWYWx1ZRINCgV2YWx1ZRgBIAEoDEJ8",
+            "ChNjb20uZ29vZ2xlLnByb3RvYnVmQg1XcmFwcGVyc1Byb3RvUAFaKmdpdGh1",
+            "Yi5jb20vZ29sYW5nL3Byb3RvYnVmL3B0eXBlcy93cmFwcGVyc/gBAaICA0dQ",
+            "QqoCHkdvb2dsZS5Qcm90b2J1Zi5XZWxsS25vd25UeXBlc2IGcHJvdG8z"));
+      descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,
+          new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { },
+          new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(null, null, new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.DoubleValue), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.DoubleValue.Parser, new[]{ "Value" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FloatValue), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.FloatValue.Parser, new[]{ "Value" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Int64Value), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Int64Value.Parser, new[]{ "Value" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.UInt64Value), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.UInt64Value.Parser, new[]{ "Value" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Int32Value), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Int32Value.Parser, new[]{ "Value" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.UInt32Value), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.UInt32Value.Parser, new[]{ "Value" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.BoolValue), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.BoolValue.Parser, new[]{ "Value" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.StringValue), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.StringValue.Parser, new[]{ "Value" }, null, null, null, null),
+            new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof(global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.BytesValue), global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.BytesValue.Parser, new[]{ "Value" }, null, null, null, null)
+          }));
+    }
+    #endregion
+
+  }
+  #region Messages
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Wrapper message for `double`.
+  ///
+  /// The JSON representation for `DoubleValue` is JSON number.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class DoubleValue : pb::IMessage<DoubleValue> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<DoubleValue> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<DoubleValue>(() => new DoubleValue());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<DoubleValue> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.WrappersReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[0]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DoubleValue() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DoubleValue(DoubleValue other) : this() {
+      value_ = other.value_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public DoubleValue Clone() {
+      return new DoubleValue(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldNumber = 1;
+    private double value_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The double value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public double Value {
+      get { return value_; }
+      set {
+        value_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as DoubleValue);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(DoubleValue other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals(Value, other.Value)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Value != 0D) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(Value);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Value != 0D) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(9);
+        output.WriteDouble(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Value != 0D) {
+        size += 1 + 8;
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(DoubleValue other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Value != 0D) {
+        Value = other.Value;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 9: {
+            Value = input.ReadDouble();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Wrapper message for `float`.
+  ///
+  /// The JSON representation for `FloatValue` is JSON number.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class FloatValue : pb::IMessage<FloatValue> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<FloatValue> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<FloatValue>(() => new FloatValue());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<FloatValue> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.WrappersReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[1]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FloatValue() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FloatValue(FloatValue other) : this() {
+      value_ = other.value_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public FloatValue Clone() {
+      return new FloatValue(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldNumber = 1;
+    private float value_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The float value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public float Value {
+      get { return value_; }
+      set {
+        value_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as FloatValue);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(FloatValue other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals(Value, other.Value)) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Value != 0F) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode(Value);
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Value != 0F) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(13);
+        output.WriteFloat(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Value != 0F) {
+        size += 1 + 4;
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(FloatValue other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Value != 0F) {
+        Value = other.Value;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 13: {
+            Value = input.ReadFloat();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Wrapper message for `int64`.
+  ///
+  /// The JSON representation for `Int64Value` is JSON string.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Int64Value : pb::IMessage<Int64Value> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Int64Value> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Int64Value>(() => new Int64Value());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Int64Value> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.WrappersReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[2]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int64Value() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int64Value(Int64Value other) : this() {
+      value_ = other.value_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int64Value Clone() {
+      return new Int64Value(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldNumber = 1;
+    private long value_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The int64 value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public long Value {
+      get { return value_; }
+      set {
+        value_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Int64Value);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Int64Value other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Value != other.Value) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Value != 0L) hash ^= Value.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Value != 0L) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt64(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Value != 0L) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt64Size(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Int64Value other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Value != 0L) {
+        Value = other.Value;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Value = input.ReadInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Wrapper message for `uint64`.
+  ///
+  /// The JSON representation for `UInt64Value` is JSON string.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class UInt64Value : pb::IMessage<UInt64Value> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<UInt64Value> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<UInt64Value>(() => new UInt64Value());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<UInt64Value> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.WrappersReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[3]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public UInt64Value() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public UInt64Value(UInt64Value other) : this() {
+      value_ = other.value_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public UInt64Value Clone() {
+      return new UInt64Value(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldNumber = 1;
+    private ulong value_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The uint64 value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public ulong Value {
+      get { return value_; }
+      set {
+        value_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as UInt64Value);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(UInt64Value other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Value != other.Value) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Value != 0UL) hash ^= Value.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Value != 0UL) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteUInt64(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Value != 0UL) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt64Size(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(UInt64Value other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Value != 0UL) {
+        Value = other.Value;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Value = input.ReadUInt64();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Wrapper message for `int32`.
+  ///
+  /// The JSON representation for `Int32Value` is JSON number.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class Int32Value : pb::IMessage<Int32Value> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<Int32Value> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<Int32Value>(() => new Int32Value());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<Int32Value> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.WrappersReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[4]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int32Value() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int32Value(Int32Value other) : this() {
+      value_ = other.value_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public Int32Value Clone() {
+      return new Int32Value(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldNumber = 1;
+    private int value_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The int32 value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int Value {
+      get { return value_; }
+      set {
+        value_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as Int32Value);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(Int32Value other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Value != other.Value) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Value != 0) hash ^= Value.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Value != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteInt32(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Value != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeInt32Size(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(Int32Value other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Value != 0) {
+        Value = other.Value;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Value = input.ReadInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Wrapper message for `uint32`.
+  ///
+  /// The JSON representation for `UInt32Value` is JSON number.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class UInt32Value : pb::IMessage<UInt32Value> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<UInt32Value> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<UInt32Value>(() => new UInt32Value());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<UInt32Value> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.WrappersReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[5]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public UInt32Value() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public UInt32Value(UInt32Value other) : this() {
+      value_ = other.value_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public UInt32Value Clone() {
+      return new UInt32Value(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldNumber = 1;
+    private uint value_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The uint32 value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public uint Value {
+      get { return value_; }
+      set {
+        value_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as UInt32Value);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(UInt32Value other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Value != other.Value) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Value != 0) hash ^= Value.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Value != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteUInt32(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Value != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeUInt32Size(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(UInt32Value other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Value != 0) {
+        Value = other.Value;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Value = input.ReadUInt32();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Wrapper message for `bool`.
+  ///
+  /// The JSON representation for `BoolValue` is JSON `true` and `false`.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class BoolValue : pb::IMessage<BoolValue> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<BoolValue> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<BoolValue>(() => new BoolValue());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<BoolValue> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.WrappersReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[6]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BoolValue() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BoolValue(BoolValue other) : this() {
+      value_ = other.value_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BoolValue Clone() {
+      return new BoolValue(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldNumber = 1;
+    private bool value_;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The bool value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Value {
+      get { return value_; }
+      set {
+        value_ = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as BoolValue);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(BoolValue other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Value != other.Value) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Value != false) hash ^= Value.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Value != false) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(8);
+        output.WriteBool(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Value != false) {
+        size += 1 + 1;
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(BoolValue other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Value != false) {
+        Value = other.Value;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 8: {
+            Value = input.ReadBool();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Wrapper message for `string`.
+  ///
+  /// The JSON representation for `StringValue` is JSON string.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class StringValue : pb::IMessage<StringValue> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<StringValue> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<StringValue>(() => new StringValue());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<StringValue> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.WrappersReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[7]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public StringValue() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public StringValue(StringValue other) : this() {
+      value_ = other.value_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public StringValue Clone() {
+      return new StringValue(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldNumber = 1;
+    private string value_ = "";
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The string value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public string Value {
+      get { return value_; }
+      set {
+        value_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as StringValue);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(StringValue other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Value != other.Value) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Value.Length != 0) hash ^= Value.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Value.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteString(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Value.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeStringSize(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(StringValue other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Value.Length != 0) {
+        Value = other.Value;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Value = input.ReadString();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /// <summary>
+  /// Wrapper message for `bytes`.
+  ///
+  /// The JSON representation for `BytesValue` is JSON string.
+  /// </summary>
+  public sealed partial class BytesValue : pb::IMessage<BytesValue> {
+    private static readonly pb::MessageParser<BytesValue> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<BytesValue>(() => new BytesValue());
+    private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pb::MessageParser<BytesValue> Parser { get { return _parser; } }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {
+      get { return global::Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.WrappersReflection.Descriptor.MessageTypes[8]; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {
+      get { return Descriptor; }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BytesValue() {
+      OnConstruction();
+    }
+
+    partial void OnConstruction();
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BytesValue(BytesValue other) : this() {
+      value_ = other.value_;
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public BytesValue Clone() {
+      return new BytesValue(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Field number for the "value" field.</summary>
+    public const int ValueFieldNumber = 1;
+    private pb::ByteString value_ = pb::ByteString.Empty;
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The bytes value.
+    /// </summary>
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public pb::ByteString Value {
+      get { return value_; }
+      set {
+        value_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, "value");
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override bool Equals(object other) {
+      return Equals(other as BytesValue);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public bool Equals(BytesValue other) {
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (Value != other.Value) return false;
+      return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override int GetHashCode() {
+      int hash = 1;
+      if (Value.Length != 0) hash ^= Value.GetHashCode();
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();
+      }
+      return hash;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public override string ToString() {
+      return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {
+      if (Value.Length != 0) {
+        output.WriteRawTag(10);
+        output.WriteBytes(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public int CalculateSize() {
+      int size = 0;
+      if (Value.Length != 0) {
+        size += 1 + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeBytesSize(Value);
+      }
+      if (_unknownFields != null) {
+        size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();
+      }
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(BytesValue other) {
+      if (other == null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (other.Value.Length != 0) {
+        Value = other.Value;
+      }
+      _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]
+    public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {
+      uint tag;
+      while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {
+        switch(tag) {
+          default:
+            _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);
+            break;
+          case 10: {
+            Value = input.ReadBytes();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  #endregion
+
+}
+
+#endregion Designer generated code
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/WrappersPartial.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/WrappersPartial.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f620eb40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/WrappersPartial.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes
+{
+    public static partial class WrappersReflection
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Field number for the single "value" field in all wrapper types.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal const int WrapperValueFieldNumber = Int32Value.ValueFieldNumber;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WireFormat.cs b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WireFormat.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68f0f4a1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WireFormat.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#region Copyright notice and license
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#endregion
+
+namespace Google.Protobuf
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// This class is used internally by the Protocol Buffer Library and generated
+    /// message implementations. It is public only for the sake of those generated
+    /// messages. Others should not use this class directly.
+    /// <para>
+    /// This class contains constants and helper functions useful for dealing with
+    /// the Protocol Buffer wire format.
+    /// </para>
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class WireFormat
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Wire types within protobuf encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        public enum WireType : uint
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Variable-length integer.
+            /// </summary>
+            Varint = 0,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// A fixed-length 64-bit value.
+            /// </summary>
+            Fixed64 = 1,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// A length-delimited value, i.e. a length followed by that many bytes of data.
+            /// </summary>
+            LengthDelimited = 2,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// A "start group" value
+            /// </summary>
+            StartGroup = 3,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// An "end group" value
+            /// </summary>
+            EndGroup = 4,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// A fixed-length 32-bit value.
+            /// </summary>
+            Fixed32 = 5
+        }
+
+        private const int TagTypeBits = 3;
+        private const uint TagTypeMask = (1 << TagTypeBits) - 1;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Given a tag value, determines the wire type (lower 3 bits).
+        /// </summary>
+        public static WireType GetTagWireType(uint tag)
+        {
+            return (WireType) (tag & TagTypeMask);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Given a tag value, determines the field number (the upper 29 bits).
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int GetTagFieldNumber(uint tag)
+        {
+            return (int) tag >> TagTypeBits;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Makes a tag value given a field number and wire type.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static uint MakeTag(int fieldNumber, WireType wireType)
+        {
+            return (uint) (fieldNumber << TagTypeBits) | (uint) wireType;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/docs/csharp/proto2.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/docs/csharp/proto2.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d9159de7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/docs/csharp/proto2.md
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+As part of the 3.10 release of Google.Protobuf, experimental proto2 support has been released. This document outlines the new changes brought about to include proto2 support. This does not break existing proto3 support and users may continue to use proto3 features without changing their current code. Again the generated code and public API associated with proto2 is experimental and subject to change in the future. APIs for proto2 may be added, removed, or adjusted as feedback is received.
+Generated code for proto2 may also be modified by adding, removing, or adjusting APIs as feedback is received.
+
+### Enabling proto2 features
+
+For information about specific proto2 features, please read the [proto2 language guide](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto).
+
+Much like other languages, proto2 features are used with proto2 files with the syntax declaration `syntax = "proto2";`. However, please note, proto3 is still the recommended version of protobuf and proto2 support is meant for legacy system interop and advanced uses.
+
+# Generated code
+
+### Messages
+
+Messages in proto2 files are very similar to their proto3 counterparts. They expose the usual property for getting and setting,  but they also include properties and methods to handle field presence.
+
+For `optional`/`required` field XYZ, a `HasXYZ` property is included for checking presence and a `ClearXYZ` method is included for clearing the value.
+
+```proto
+message Foo {
+    optional Bar bar = 1;
+    required Baz baz = 2;
+}
+```
+```cs
+var foo = new Foo();
+Assert.IsNull(foo.Bar);
+Assert.False(foo.HasBar);
+foo.Bar = new Bar();
+Assert.True(foo.HasBar);
+foo.ClearBar();
+```
+
+### Messages with extension ranges
+
+Messages which define extension ranges implement the `IExtendableMessage` interface as shown below.
+See inline comments for more info.
+
+```cs
+public interface IExtendableMessage<T> : IMessage<T> where T : IExtendableMessage<T>
+{
+    // Gets the value of a single value extension. If the extension isn't present, this returns the default value.
+    TValue GetExtension<TValue>(Extension<T, TValue> extension);
+    // Gets the value of a repeated extension. If the extension hasn't been set, this returns null to prevent unnecessary allocations.
+    RepeatedField<TValue> GetExtension<TValue>(RepeatedExtension<T, TValue> extension);
+    // Gets the value of a repeated extension. This will initialize the value of the repeated field and will never return null.
+    RepeatedField<TValue> GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(RepeatedExtension<T, TValue> extension);
+    // Sets the value of the extension
+    void SetExtension<TValue>(Extension<T, TValue> extension, TValue value);
+    // Returns whether the extension is present in the message
+    bool HasExtension<TValue>(Extension<T, TValue> extension);
+    // Clears the value of the extension, removing it from the message
+    void ClearExtension<TValue>(Extension<T, TValue> extension);
+    // Clears the value of the repeated extension, removing it from the message. Calling GetExtension after this will always return null.
+    void ClearExtension<TValue>(RepeatedExtension<T, TValue> extension);
+}
+```
+
+### Extensions
+
+Extensions are generated in static containers like reflection classes and type classes. 
+For example for a file called `foo.proto` containing extensions in the file scope, a 
+`FooExtensions` class is created containing the extensions defined in the file scope.
+For easy access, this class can be used with `using static` to bring all extensions into scope.
+
+```proto
+option csharp_namespace = "FooBar";
+extend Foo {
+    optional Baz foo_ext = 124;
+}
+message Baz {
+    extend Foo {
+        repeated Baz repeated_foo_ext = 125;
+    }
+}
+```
+```cs
+public static partial class FooExtensions {
+    public static readonly Extension<Foo, Baz> FooExt = /* initialization */;
+}
+
+public partial class Baz {
+    public partial static class Extensions {
+        public static readonly RepeatedExtension<Foo, Baz> RepeatedFooExt = /* initialization */;
+    }
+}
+```
+```cs
+using static FooBar.FooExtensions;
+using static FooBar.Baz.Extensions;
+
+var foo = new Foo();
+foo.SetExtension(FooExt, new Baz());
+foo.GetOrInitializeExtension(RepeatedFooExt).Add(new Baz());
+```
+
+# APIs
+
+### Message initialization
+
+Initialization refers to checking the status of required fields in a proto2 message. If a message is uninitialized, not all required fields are set in either the message itself or any of its submessages. In other languages, missing required fields throw errors depending on the merge method used. This could cause unforseen errors at runtime if the incorrect method is used. 
+However, in this implementation, parsers and input streams don't check messages for initialization on their own and throw errors. Instead it's up to you to handle messages with missing required fields in whatever way you see fit.
+Checking message initialization can be done manually via the `IsInitialized` extension method in `MessageExtensions`.
+
+### Extension registries
+
+Just like in Java, extension registries can be constructed to parse extensions when reading new messages
+from input streams. The API is fairly similar to the Java API with some added bonuses with C# syntax sugars.
+
+```proto
+message Baz {
+    extend Foo {
+        optional Baz foo_ext = 124;
+    }
+}
+```
+```cs
+var registry = new ExtensionRegistry() 
+{ 
+    Baz.Extensions.FooExt
+};
+var foo = Foo.Factory.WithExtensionRegistry(registry).ParseFrom(input);
+Assert.True(foo.HasExtension(Bas.Extensions.FooExt));
+var fooNoRegistry = Foo.Factory.ParseFrom(input);
+Assert.False(foo.HasExtension(Bas.Extensions.FooExt));
+```
+
+### Custom options
+
+Due to their limited use and lack of type safety, the original `CustomOptions` APIs are now deprecated. Using the new generated extension identifiers, you can access extensions safely through the GetOption APIs. Note that cloneable values such as 
+repeated fields and messages will be deep cloned.
+
+Example based on custom options usage example [here](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/5007#issuecomment-411604515).
+```cs
+foreach (var service in input.Services)
+{
+    Console.WriteLine($"  {service.Name}");
+    foreach (var method in service.Methods)
+    {
+        var rule = method.GetOption(AnnotationsExtensions.Http);
+        if (rule != null)
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"    {method.Name}: {rule}");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"    {method.Name}: no HTTP binding");
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Reflection
+
+Reflection APIs have been extended to enable accessing the new proto2 portions of the library and generated code.
+
+ * FieldDescriptor.Extension
+    * Gets the extension identifier behind an extension field, allowing it to be added to an ExtensionRegistry
+ * FieldDescriptor.IsExtension
+    * Returns whether a field is an extension of another type.
+ * FieldDescriptor.ExtendeeType
+    * Returns the extended type of an extension field
+ * IFieldAccessor.HasValue
+    * Returns whether a field's value is set. For proto3 fields, throws an InvalidOperationException.
+ * FileDescriptor.Syntax
+    * Gets the syntax of a file
+ * FileDescriptor.Extensions
+    * An immutable list of extensions defined in the file
+ * MessageDescriptor.Extensions
+    * An immutable list of extensions defined in the message
+
+```cs
+var extensions = Baz.Descriptor.Extensions.GetExtensionsInDeclarationOrder(Foo.Descriptor);
+var registry = new ExtensionRegistry();
+registry.AddRange(extensions.Select(f => f.Extension));
+
+var baz = Foo.Descriptor.Parser.WithExtensionRegistry(registry).ParseFrom(input);
+foreach (var field in extensions)
+{
+    if (field.Accessor.HasValue(baz))
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine($"{field.Name}: {field.Accessor.GetValue(baz)}");
+    }
+}
+```
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/docs/options.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/docs/options.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22a8bc979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/docs/options.md
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+# Protobuf Global Extension Registry
+
+This file contains a global registry of known extensions for descriptor.proto,
+so that any developer who wishes to use multiple 3rd party projects, each with
+their own extensions, can be confident that there won't be collisions in
+extension numbers.
+
+If you need an extension number for your custom option (see [custom options](
+https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto#customoptions)),
+please [send us a pull request](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/pulls) to
+add an entry to this doc, or [create an issue](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues)
+with info about your project (name and website) so we can add an entry for you.
+
+## Existing Registered Extensions
+
+1. C# port of protocol buffers
+   * Website: https://github.com/jskeet/protobuf-csharp-port
+   * Extensions: 1000
+
+1. Perl/XS port of protocol buffers
+   * Website: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-perlxs
+   * Extensions: 1001
+
+1. Objective-C port of protocol buffers
+   * Website: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-objc
+   * Extensions: 1002
+
+1. Google Wave Federation Protocol open-source release (FedOne)
+   * Website: http://code.google.com/p/wave-protocol
+   * Extensions: 1003
+
+1. PHP code generator plugin
+   * Website: ???
+   * Extensions: 1004
+
+1. GWT code generator plugin (third-party!)
+   * Website: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-gwt/
+   * Extensions: 1005
+
+1. Unix Domain RPC code generator plugin
+   * Website: http://go/udrpc
+   * Extensions: 1006
+
+1. Object-C generator plugin (Plausible Labs)
+   * Website: http://www.plausible.coop
+   * Extensions: 1007
+
+1. TBD (code42.com)
+   * Website: ???
+   * Extensions: 1008
+
+1. Goby Underwater Autonomy Project
+   * Website: https://github.com/GobySoft/goby
+   * Extensions: 1009
+
+1. Nanopb
+   * Website: http://kapsi.fi/~jpa/nanopb
+   * Extensions: 1010
+
+1. Bluefin AUV Communication Extensions
+   * Website: http://www.bluefinrobotics.com
+   * Extensions: 1011
+
+1. Dynamic Compact Control Language
+   * Website: http://github.com/GobySoft/dccl
+   * Extensions: 1012
+
+1. ScaleOut StateServer® Native C++ API
+   * Website: http://www.scaleoutsoftware.com
+   * Extensions: 1013
+
+1. FoundationDB SQL Layer
+   * Website: https://github.com/FoundationDB/sql-layer
+   * Extensions: 1014
+
+1. Fender
+   * Website: https://github.com/hassox/fender
+   * Extensions: 1015
+
+1. Vortex
+   * Website: http://www.prismtech.com/vortex
+   * Extensions: 1016
+
+1. tresorit
+   * Website: https://tresorit.com/
+   * Extensions: 1017
+
+1. CRIU (Checkpoint Restore In Userspace)
+   * Website: http://criu.org/Main_Page
+   * Extensions: 1018
+
+1. protobuf-c
+   * Website: https://github.com/protobuf-c/protobuf-c
+   * Extensions: 1019
+
+1. ScalePB
+   * Website: http://trueaccord.github.io/ScalaPB/
+   * Extensions: 1020
+
+1. protoc-gen-bq-schema
+   * Website: https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/protoc-gen-bq-schema
+   * Extensions: 1021
+
+1. grpc-gateway
+   * Website: https://github.com/gengo/grpc-gateway
+   * Extensions: 1022
+
+1. Certificate Transparency
+   * Website: https://github.com/google/certificate-transparency
+   * Extensions: 1023
+
+1. JUNOS Router Telemetry
+   * Website: http://www.juniper.net
+   * Extensions: 1024
+
+1. Spine Event Engine
+   * Website: https://github.com/SpineEventEngine/core-java
+   * Extensions: 1025
+
+1. Aruba cloud platform
+   * Website: ???
+   * Extensions: 1026 -> 1030
+
+1. Voltha
+   * Website: ???
+   * Extensions: 1031 -> 1033
+
+1. gator
+   * Website: ???
+   * Extensions: 1034
+
+1. protoc-gen-flowtypes
+   * Website: https://github.com/tmc/grpcutil/tree/master/protoc-gen-flowtypes
+   * Extensions: 1035
+
+1. ProfaneDB
+   * Website: https://gitlab.com/ProfaneDB/ProfaneDB
+   * Extensions: 1036
+
+1. protobuf-net
+   * Website: https://github.com/mgravell/protobuf-net
+   * Extensions: 1037
+
+1. FICO / StreamEngine
+   * Website: http://www.fico.com/
+   * Extensions: 1038
+
+1. GopherJS
+   * Website: https://github.com/johanbrandhorst/protobuf
+   * Extensions: 1039
+
+1. ygot
+   * Website: https://github.com/openconfig/ygot
+   * Extensions: 1040
+
+1. go-grpcmw
+   * Website: https://github.com/MarquisIO/go-grpcmw
+   * Extensions: 1041
+
+1. grpc-gateway protoc-gen-swagger
+   * Website: https://github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway
+   * Extensions: 1042
+
+1. AN Message
+   * Website: TBD
+   * Extensions: 1043
+
+1. protofire
+   * Website: https://github.com/ribrdb/protofire
+   * Extensions: 1044
+
+1. Gravity
+   * Website: https://github.com/aphysci/gravity
+   * Extensions: 1045
+
+1. SEMI Standards – I&C Technical Committee
+   * Website: http://downloads.semi.org/web/wstdsbal.nsf/9c2b317e76523cca88257641005a47f5/88a5863a580e323088256e7b00707489!OpenDocument
+   * Extensions: 1046
+
+1. Elixir plugin
+   * Website: https://github.com/tony612/grpc-elixir
+   * Extensions: 1047
+
+1. API client generators
+   * Website: ???
+   * Extensions: 1048-1056
+
+1. Netifi Proteus
+   * Website: https://github.com/netifi-proteus
+   * Extensions: 1057
+
+1. CGSN Mooring Project
+   * Website: https://bitbucket.org/ooicgsn/cgsn-mooring
+   * Extensions: 1058
+
+1. Container Storage Interface
+   * Website: https://github.com/container-storage-interface/spec
+   * Extensions: 1059-1069
+
+1. TwirpQL Plugin
+   * Website: https://twirpql.dev
+   * Extensions: 1070
+
+1. Protoc-gen-validate
+   * Website: https://github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate
+   * Extensions: 1071
+
+1. protokt
+   * Website: https://github.com/toasttab/protokt (Currently Private but will be open soon.)
+   * Extensions: 1072
+
+1. Dart port of protocol buffers
+   * Website https://github.com/dart-lang/protobuf
+   * Extensions: 1073
+
+1. Ocaml-protoc-plugin
+   * Website: https://github.com/issuu/ocaml-protoc-plugin
+   * Extensions: 1074
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/docs/performance.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/docs/performance.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8734c700c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/docs/performance.md
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+# Protobuf Performance
+The following benchmark test results were produced on a workstation utilizing an Intel® Xeon® Processor E5-2630 with 32GB of RAM.
+
+This table contains the results of three separate languages:
+
+* **C++** - For C++, there are three parsing methods:
+	* **new** - This is for using a new operator for creating a message instance.
+    * **new arena** - This is for using arena for creating a new message instance.
+    * **reuse** - This is for reusing the same message instance for parsing.
+* **Java** - For Java, there are three parsing/serialization methods:
+	* **byte[]** - This is for parsing from a Byte Array.
+    * **ByteString** - This is for parsing from a
+    	com.google.protobuf.ByteString.
+    * **InputStream** - This is for parsing from an InputStream.
+* **Python** - For Python, there are three types of Python protobuf for testing:
+	* **C++-generated-code** - This is for using C++ generated code of the
+    	proto file as a dynamic linked library.
+	* **C++-reflection** - This is for using C++ reflection, for which there's no
+    	generated code, but still using C++ protobuf library as a dynamic linked
+        library.
+	* **pure-Python** - This is for the pure version of Python, which does not link with
+    	any C++ protobuf library.
+
+## Parsing performance
+
+<table>
+<tbody><tr>
+<th rowspan="2"> </th>
+<th colspan="3" rowspan="1">C++</th>
+<th colspan="3" rowspan="1">C++ with tcmalloc</th>
+<th colspan="3" rowspan="1">java</th>
+<th colspan="3" rowspan="1">python</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th colspan="1">new</th>
+<th colspan="1">new arena</th>
+<th colspan="1">reuse</th>
+<th colspan="1">new</th>
+<th colspan="1">new arena</th>
+<th colspan="1">reuse</th>
+<th colspan="1">byte[]</th>
+<th colspan="1">ByteString</th>
+<th colspan="1">InputStream</th>
+<th colspan="1">C++-generated-code</th>
+<th colspan="1">C++-reflection</th>
+<th colspan="1">pure-Python</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message1_proto2</td>
+<td>368.717MB/s</td>
+<td>261.847MB/s</td>
+<td>799.403MB/s</td>
+<td>645.183MB/s</td>
+<td>441.023MB/s</td>
+<td>1.122GB/s</td>
+<td>425.437MB/s</td>
+<td>425.937MB/s</td>
+<td>251.018MB/s</td>
+<td>82.8314MB/s</td>
+<td>47.6763MB/s</td>
+<td>3.76299MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message1_proto3</td>
+<td>294.517MB/s</td>
+<td>229.116MB/s</td>
+<td>469.982MB/s</td>
+<td>434.510MB/s</td>
+<td>394.701MB/s</td>
+<td>591.931MB/s</td>
+<td>357.597MB/s</td>
+<td>378.568MB/s</td>
+<td>221.676MB/s</td>
+<td>82.0498MB/s</td>
+<td>39.9467MB/s</td>
+<td>3.77751MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message2</td>
+<td>277.242MB/s</td>
+<td>347.611MB/s</td>
+<td>793.67MB/s</td>
+<td>503.721MB/s</td>
+<td>596.333MB/s</td>
+<td>922.533MB/s</td>
+<td>416.778MB/s</td>
+<td>419.543MB/s</td>
+<td>367.145MB/s</td>
+<td>241.46MB/s</td>
+<td>71.5723MB/s</td>
+<td>2.73538MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message3_1</td>
+<td>213.478MB/s</td>
+<td>291.58MB/s</td>
+<td>543.398MB/s</td>
+<td>539.704MB/s</td>
+<td>717.300MB/s</td>
+<td>927.333MB/s</td>
+<td>684.241MB/s</td>
+<td>704.47MB/s</td>
+<td>648.624MB/s</td>
+<td>209.036MB/s</td>
+<td>142.356MB/s</td>
+<td>15.3324MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message3_2</td>
+<td>672.685MB/s</td>
+<td>802.767MB/s</td>
+<td>1.21505GB/s</td>
+<td>985.790MB/s</td>
+<td>1.136GB/s</td>
+<td>1.367GB/s</td>
+<td>1.54439GB/s</td>
+<td>1.60603GB/s</td>
+<td>1.33443GB/s</td>
+<td>573.835MB/s</td>
+<td>314.33MB/s</td>
+<td>15.0169MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message3_3</td>
+<td>207.681MB/s</td>
+<td>140.591MB/s</td>
+<td>535.181MB/s</td>
+<td>369.743MB/s</td>
+<td>262.301MB/s</td>
+<td>556.644MB/s</td>
+<td>279.385MB/s</td>
+<td>304.853MB/s</td>
+<td>107.575MB/s</td>
+<td>32.248MB/s</td>
+<td>26.1431MB/s</td>
+<td>2.63541MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message3_4</td>
+<td>7.96091GB/s</td>
+<td>7.10024GB/s</td>
+<td>9.3013GB/s</td>
+<td>8.518GB/s</td>
+<td>8.171GB/s</td>
+<td>9.917GB/s</td>
+<td>5.78006GB/s</td>
+<td>5.85198GB/s</td>
+<td>4.62609GB/s</td>
+<td>2.49631GB/s</td>
+<td>2.35442GB/s</td>
+<td>802.061MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message3_5</td>
+<td>76.0072MB/s</td>
+<td>51.6769MB/s</td>
+<td>237.856MB/s</td>
+<td>178.495MB/s</td>
+<td>111.751MB/s</td>
+<td>329.569MB/s</td>
+<td>121.038MB/s</td>
+<td>132.866MB/s</td>
+<td>36.9197MB/s</td>
+<td>10.3962MB/s</td>
+<td>8.84659MB/s</td>
+<td>1.25203MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message4</td>
+<td>331.46MB/s</td>
+<td>404.862MB/s</td>
+<td>427.99MB/s</td>
+<td>589.887MB/s</td>
+<td>720.367MB/s</td>
+<td>705.373MB/s</td>
+<td>606.228MB/s</td>
+<td>589.13MB/s</td>
+<td>530.692MB/s</td>
+<td>305.543MB/s</td>
+<td>174.834MB/s</td>
+<td>7.86485MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+
+## Serialization performance
+
+<table>
+<tbody><tr>
+<th rowspan="2"> </th>
+<th colspan="1" rowspan="2">C++</th>
+<th colspan="1" rowspan="2">C++ with tcmalloc</th>
+<th colspan="3" rowspan="1">java</th>
+<th colspan="3" rowspan="1">python</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th colspan="1">byte[]</th>
+<th colspan="1">ByteString</th>
+<th colspan="1">InputStream</th>
+<th colspan="1">C++-generated-code</th>
+<th colspan="1">C++-reflection</th>
+<th colspan="1">pure-Python</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message1_proto2</td>
+<td>1.39698GB/s</td>
+<td>1.701GB/s</td>
+<td>1.12915GB/s</td>
+<td>1.13589GB/s</td>
+<td>758.609MB/s</td>
+<td>260.911MB/s</td>
+<td>58.4815MB/s</td>
+<td>5.77824MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message1_proto3</td>
+<td>959.305MB/s</td>
+<td>939.404MB/s</td>
+<td>1.15372GB/s</td>
+<td>1.07824GB/s</td>
+<td>802.337MB/s</td>
+<td>239.4MB/s</td>
+<td>33.6336MB/s</td>
+<td>5.80524MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message2</td>
+<td>1.27429GB/s</td>
+<td>1.402GB/s</td>
+<td>1.01039GB/s</td>
+<td>1022.99MB/s</td>
+<td>798.736MB/s</td>
+<td>996.755MB/s</td>
+<td>57.9601MB/s</td>
+<td>4.09246MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message3_1</td>
+<td>1.31916GB/s</td>
+<td>2.049GB/s</td>
+<td>991.496MB/s</td>
+<td>860.332MB/s</td>
+<td>662.88MB/s</td>
+<td>1.48625GB/s</td>
+<td>421.287MB/s</td>
+<td>18.002MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message3_2</td>
+<td>2.15676GB/s</td>
+<td>2.632GB/s</td>
+<td>2.14736GB/s</td>
+<td>2.08136GB/s</td>
+<td>1.55997GB/s</td>
+<td>2.39597GB/s</td>
+<td>326.777MB/s</td>
+<td>16.0527MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message3_3</td>
+<td>650.456MB/s</td>
+<td>1.040GB/s</td>
+<td>593.52MB/s</td>
+<td>580.667MB/s</td>
+<td>346.839MB/s</td>
+<td>123.978MB/s</td>
+<td>35.893MB/s</td>
+<td>2.32834MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message3_4</td>
+<td>8.70154GB/s</td>
+<td>9.825GB/s</td>
+<td>5.88645GB/s</td>
+<td>5.93946GB/s</td>
+<td>2.44388GB/s</td>
+<td>5.9241GB/s</td>
+<td>4.05837GB/s</td>
+<td>876.87MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message3_5</td>
+<td>246.33MB/s</td>
+<td>443.993MB/s</td>
+<td>283.278MB/s</td>
+<td>259.167MB/s</td>
+<td>206.37MB/s</td>
+<td>37.0285MB/s</td>
+<td>12.2228MB/s</td>
+<td>1.1979MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>google_message4</td>
+<td>1.56674GB/s</td>
+<td>2.19601GB/s</td>
+<td>776.907MB/s</td>
+<td>770.707MB/s</td>
+<td>702.931MB/s</td>
+<td>1.49623GB/s</td>
+<td>205.116MB/s</td>
+<td>8.93428MB/s</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+
+\* The cpp performance can be improved by using [tcmalloc](https://gperftools.github.io/gperftools/tcmalloc.html), please follow the (instruction)[https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/benchmarks/README.md] to link with tcmalloc to get the faster result.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/docs/third_party.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/docs/third_party.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fcc5117ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/docs/third_party.md
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# Third-Party Add-ons for Protocol Buffers
+
+This page lists code related to Protocol Buffers which is developed and maintained by third parties.  You may find this code useful, but note that **these projects are not affiliated with or endorsed by Google (unless explicitly marked)**; try them at your own risk.  Also note that many projects here are in the early stages of development and not production-ready.
+
+If you have a project that should be listed here, please [send us a pull request](https://github.com/google/protobuf/pulls) to update this page.
+
+## Programming Languages
+
+These are projects we know about implementing Protocol Buffers for other programming languages:
+* Action Script: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-actionscript3/
+* Action Script: https://code.google.com/p/protoc-gen-as3/
+* Action Script: https://github.com/matrix3d/JProtoc
+* Action Script: https://github.com/zhongfq/protobuf-as3/
+* C: https://github.com/protobuf-c/protobuf-c
+* C: http://koti.kapsi.fi/jpa/nanopb/
+* C: https://github.com/cloudwu/pbc/
+* C: https://github.com/haberman/upb/wiki
+* C: https://github.com/squidfunk/protobluff
+* C: https://github.com/eerimoq/pbtools
+* C++: https://github.com/google/protobuf (Google-official implementation)
+* C/C++: http://spbc.sf.net/
+* C#: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-csharp-port
+* C#: https://silentorbit.com/protobuf/
+* C#/.NET/WCF/VB: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-net/
+* Clojure: http://github.com/ninjudd/clojure-protobuf
+* Clojure: https://github.com/clojusc/protobuf
+* Clojure: https://protojure.github.io
+* Common Lisp: http://github.com/ndantam/s-protobuf
+* Common Lisp: http://github.com/brown/protobuf
+* D: https://github.com/dcarp/protobuf-d
+* D: https://github.com/msoucy/dproto
+* D: https://github.com/opticron/ProtocolBuffer
+* Dart: https://github.com/dart-lang/dart-protobuf (runtime) https://github.com/dart-lang/dart-protoc-plugin (code generator)
+* Delphi: http://sourceforge.net/projects/protobuf-delphi/
+* Delphi: http://fundementals.sourceforge.net/dl.html
+* Elixir: https://github.com/jeremyong/exprotoc
+* Elixir: https://github.com/tony612/protobuf-elixir
+* Elm: https://github.com/tiziano88/elm-protobuf
+* Erlang: https://github.com/tomas-abrahamsson/gpb
+* Erlang: http://piqi.org/
+* Erlang: https://github.com/basho/erlang_protobuffs (no longer maintained, use gpb instead)
+* Hacklang/HHVM: https://github.com/y3llowcake/proto-hack
+* GDScript: https://github.com/oniksan/godobuf (Godot v3 engine plugin)
+* Go: https://github.com/golang/protobuf (Google-official implementation)
+* Go: https://github.com/akunspy/gopbuf
+* Go: https://github.com/gogo/protobuf
+* GopherJS: https://github.com/johanbrandhorst/protobuf
+* Haskell: http://hackage.haskell.org/package/hprotoc
+* Haskell: https://github.com/google/proto-lens (Google-unofficial implementation)
+* Haskell: https://github.com/awakesecurity/proto3-suite (code generator) https://github.com/awakesecurity/proto3-wire (binary serializer/deserializer)
+* Haxe: https://github.com/Atry/protoc-gen-haxe
+* Java: https://github.com/google/protobuf (Google-official implementation)
+* Java/Android: https://github.com/square/wire
+* Java ME: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-javame/
+* Java ME: http://swingme.sourceforge.net/encode.shtml
+* Java ME: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-j2me/
+* Javascript: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-js/
+* Javascript: http://github.com/sirikata/protojs
+* Javascript: https://github.com/dcodeIO/ProtoBuf.js
+* Javascript: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-for-node/
+* Javascript: http://code.google.com/p/protostuff/
+* Julia: https://github.com/tanmaykm/ProtoBuf.jl
+* Kotlin: https://github.com/marcoferrer/kroto-plus
+* Kotlin: https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.serialization
+* Lua: http://code.google.com/p/protoc-gen-lua/
+* Lua: http://github.com/indygreg/lua-protobuf
+* Lua: https://github.com/Neopallium/lua-pb
+* Matlab: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-matlab/
+* Mercury: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-mercury/
+* Objective C: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-objc/
+* Objective C: https://github.com/alexeyxo/protobuf-objc
+* OCaml: http://piqi.org/
+* Perl: http://groups.google.com/group/protobuf-perl
+* Perl: http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?Google::ProtocolBuffers
+* Perl: https://metacpan.org/pod/Google::ProtocolBuffers::Dynamic
+* Perl/XS: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-perlxs/
+* PHP: http://code.google.com/p/pb4php/
+* PHP: https://github.com/allegro/php-protobuf/
+* PHP: https://github.com/chobie/php-protocolbuffers
+* PHP: http://drslump.github.com/Protobuf-PHP
+* Prolog: http://www.swi-prolog.org/pldoc/package/protobufs.html
+* Python: https://github.com/google/protobuf (Google-official implementation)
+* Python: https://github.com/eigenein/protobuf
+* R: http://cran.r-project.org/package=RProtoBuf
+* Ruby: http://code.google.com/p/ruby-protobuf/
+* Ruby: http://github.com/mozy/ruby-protocol-buffers
+* Ruby: https://github.com/bmizerany/beefcake/tree/master/lib/beefcake
+* Ruby: https://github.com/localshred/protobuf
+* Rust: https://github.com/stepancheg/rust-protobuf/
+* Scala: http://github.com/jeffplaisance/scala-protobuf
+* Scala: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-scala
+* Scala: https://github.com/SandroGrzicic/ScalaBuff
+* Scala: https://scalapb.github.io
+* Solidity: https://github.com/celer-network/pb3-gen-sol
+* Swift: https://github.com/alexeyxo/protobuf-swift
+* Swift: https://github.com/apple/swift-protobuf/
+* Typescript: https://github.com/y3llowcake/protoc-gen-ts
+* Vala: https://launchpad.net/protobuf-vala
+* Visual Basic: http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-net/
+
+## RPC Implementations
+
+GRPC (http://www.grpc.io/) is Google's RPC implementation for Protocol Buffers. There are other third-party RPC implementations as well.  Some of these actually work with Protocol Buffers service definitions (defined using the `service` keyword in `.proto` files) while others just use Protocol Buffers message objects.
+
+* https://github.com/grpc/grpc (C++, Node.js, Python, Ruby, Objective-C, PHP, C#, Google-official implementation)
+* http://zeroc.com/ice.html (Multiple languages)
+* http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-net/ (C#/.NET/WCF/VB)
+* https://launchpad.net/txprotobuf/ (Python)
+* https://github.com/modeswitch/protobuf-rpc (Python)
+* http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-socket-rpc/ (Java, Python)
+* http://code.google.com/p/proto-streamer/ (Java)
+* http://code.google.com/p/server1/ (C++)
+* http://deltavsoft.com/RcfUserGuide/Protobufs (C++)
+* http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-mina-rpc/ (Python client, Java server)
+* http://code.google.com/p/casocklib/ (C++)
+* https://protojure.github.io (Clojure)
+* http://code.google.com/p/cxf-protobuf/ (Java)
+* http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-remote/ (C++/C#)
+* http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-rpc-pro/ (Java)
+* https://code.google.com/p/eneter-protobuf-serializer/ (Java/.NET)
+* http://www.deltavsoft.com/RCFProto.html (C++/Java/Python/C#)
+* https://github.com/robbinfan/claire-protorpc (C++)
+* https://github.com/BaiduPS/sofa-pbrpc (C++)
+* https://github.com/ebencheung/arab (C++)
+* http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-csharp-rpc/ (C#)
+* https://github.com/thesamet/rpcz (C++/Python, based on ZeroMQ)
+* https://github.com/w359405949/libmaid (C++, Python)
+* https://github.com/madwyn/libpbrpc (C++)
+* https://github.com/SeriousMa/grpc-protobuf-validation (Java)
+* https://github.com/tony612/grpc-elixir (Elixir)
+* https://github.com/johanbrandhorst/protobuf (GopherJS)
+* https://github.com/awakesecurity/gRPC-haskell (Haskell)
+* https://github.com/Yeolar/raster (C++)
+* https://github.com/jnordberg/wsrpc (JavaScript Node.js/Browser)
+* https://github.com/ppissias/xsrpcj (Java)
+
+## Other Utilities
+
+There are miscellaneous other things you may find useful as a Protocol Buffers developer.
+
+* [Bazel Build](https://bazel.build)
+    * [rules_closure](https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_closure) `js-closure`
+    * [rules_go](https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_go) `go`
+    * [rules_protobuf](https://github.com/pubref/rules_protobuf) `java` `c++` `c#` `go` `js-closure` `js-node` `python` `ruby`
+* [NetBeans IDE plugin](http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-netbeans-plugin/)
+* [Wireshark/Ethereal packet sniffer plugin](http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-wireshark/)
+* [Alternate encodings (JSON, XML, HTML) for Java protobufs](http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-java-format/)
+* [Another JSON encoder/decoder for Java](https://github.com/sijuv/protobuf-codec)
+* [Editor for serialized protobufs](http://code.google.com/p/protobufeditor/)
+* [Intellij IDEA plugin](http://github.com/nnmatveev/idea-plugin-protobuf)
+* [TextMate syntax highlighting](http://github.com/michaeledgar/protobuf-tmbundle)
+* [Oracle PL SQL plugin](http://code.google.com/p/protocol-buffer-plsql/)
+* [Eclipse editor for protobuf (from Google)](http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-dt/)
+* [C++ Builder compatible protobuf](https://github.com/saadware/protobuf-cppbuilder)
+* Maven Protobuf Compiler Plugin
+    * By xolstice.org ([Documentation](https://www.xolstice.org/protobuf-maven-plugin/)) ([Source](https://github.com/xolstice/protobuf-maven-plugin/)) [![Maven Central](https://img.shields.io/maven-central/v/org.xolstice.maven.plugins/protobuf-maven-plugin.svg)](https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/xolstice/maven/plugins/protobuf-maven-plugin/)
+    * http://igor-petruk.github.com/protobuf-maven-plugin/
+    * http://code.google.com/p/maven-protoc-plugin/
+    * https://github.com/os72/protoc-jar-maven-plugin
+* [Documentation generator plugin (Markdown/HTML/DocBook/...)](https://github.com/pseudomuto/protoc-gen-doc)
+* [DocBook generator for .proto files](http://code.google.com/p/protoc-gen-docbook/)
+* [Protobuf for nginx module](https://github.com/dbcode/protobuf-nginx/)
+* [RSpec matchers and Cucumber step defs for testing Protocol Buffers](https://github.com/connamara/protobuf_spec)
+* [Sbt plugin for Protocol Buffers](https://github.com/Atry/sbt-cppp)
+* [Gradle Protobuf Plugin](https://github.com/aantono/gradle-plugin-protobuf)
+* [Multi-platform executable JAR and Java API for protoc](https://github.com/os72/protoc-jar)
+* [Python scripts to convert between Protocol Buffers and JSON](https://github.com/NextTuesday/py-pb-converters)
+* [Visual Studio Language Service support for Protocol Buffers](http://visualstudiogallery.msdn.microsoft.com/4bc0f38c-b058-4e05-ae38-155e053c19c5)
+* [Visual Studio Code Support for Protocol Buffers](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=zxh404.vscode-proto3)
+* [C++ library for serialization/de-serialization between Protocol Buffers and JSON.](https://github.com/yinqiwen/pbjson)
+* [ProtoBuf with Java EE7 Expression Language 3.0; pure Java ProtoBuf Parser and Builder.](https://github.com/protobufel/protobuf-el)
+* [Notepad++ Syntax Highlighting for .proto files](https://github.com/chai2010/notepadplus-protobuf)
+* [Linter for .proto files](https://github.com/ckaznocha/protoc-gen-lint)
+* [Protocol Buffers Dynamic Schema - create protobuf schemas programmatically (Java)](https://github.com/os72/protobuf-dynamic)
+* [Make protoc plugins in NodeJS](https://github.com/konsumer/node-protoc-plugin)
+* [ProfaneDB - A Protocol Buffers database](https://profanedb.gitlab.io)
+* [Protocol Buffer property-based testing utility and example message generator (Python / Hypothesis)](https://github.com/CurataEng/hypothesis-protobuf)
+* [Protolock - CLI utility to prevent backward-incompatible changes to .proto files](https://github.com/nilslice/protolock)
+* [Optional GRPC - GRPC for testable microservices (Python)](https://github.com/mattpaletta/optional-grpc.git)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/editors/README.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/editors/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e9fc79e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/editors/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+This directory contains syntax highlighting and configuration files for editors
+to properly display Protocol Buffer files.
+
+See each file's header comment for directions on how to use it with the
+appropriate editor.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/editors/proto.vim b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/editors/proto.vim
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f1aeb730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/editors/proto.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+" Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+" Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+" https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+"
+" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+" met:
+"
+"     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+"     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+" copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+" in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+" distribution.
+"     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+" this software without specific prior written permission.
+"
+" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+" "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+" LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+" A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+" OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+" SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+" LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+" OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+" This is the Vim syntax file for Google Protocol Buffers.
+"
+" Usage:
+"
+" 1. cp proto.vim ~/.vim/syntax/
+" 2. Add the following to ~/.vimrc:
+"
+" augroup filetype
+"   au! BufRead,BufNewFile *.proto setfiletype proto
+" augroup end
+"
+" Or just create a new file called ~/.vim/ftdetect/proto.vim with the
+" previous lines on it.
+
+if version < 600
+  syntax clear
+elseif exists("b:current_syntax")
+  finish
+endif
+
+syn case match
+
+syn keyword pbTodo       contained TODO FIXME XXX
+syn cluster pbCommentGrp contains=pbTodo
+
+syn keyword pbSyntax     syntax import option
+syn keyword pbStructure  package message group oneof
+syn keyword pbRepeat     optional required repeated
+syn keyword pbDefault    default
+syn keyword pbExtend     extend extensions to max reserved
+syn keyword pbRPC        service rpc returns
+
+syn keyword pbType      int32 int64 uint32 uint64 sint32 sint64
+syn keyword pbType      fixed32 fixed64 sfixed32 sfixed64
+syn keyword pbType      float double bool string bytes
+syn keyword pbTypedef   enum
+syn keyword pbBool      true false
+
+syn match   pbInt     /-\?\<\d\+\>/
+syn match   pbInt     /\<0[xX]\x+\>/
+syn match   pbFloat   /\<-\?\d*\(\.\d*\)\?/
+syn region  pbComment start="\/\*" end="\*\/" contains=@pbCommentGrp
+syn region  pbComment start="//" skip="\\$" end="$" keepend contains=@pbCommentGrp
+syn region  pbString  start=/"/ skip=/\\./ end=/"/
+syn region  pbString  start=/'/ skip=/\\./ end=/'/
+
+if version >= 508 || !exists("did_proto_syn_inits")
+  if version < 508
+    let did_proto_syn_inits = 1
+    command -nargs=+ HiLink hi link <args>
+  else
+    command -nargs=+ HiLink hi def link <args>
+  endif
+
+  HiLink pbTodo         Todo
+
+  HiLink pbSyntax       Include
+  HiLink pbStructure    Structure
+  HiLink pbRepeat       Repeat
+  HiLink pbDefault      Keyword
+  HiLink pbExtend       Keyword
+  HiLink pbRPC          Keyword
+  HiLink pbType         Type
+  HiLink pbTypedef      Typedef
+  HiLink pbBool         Boolean
+
+  HiLink pbInt          Number
+  HiLink pbFloat        Float
+  HiLink pbComment      Comment
+  HiLink pbString       String
+
+  delcommand HiLink
+endif
+
+let b:current_syntax = "proto"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/editors/protobuf-mode.el b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/editors/protobuf-mode.el
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3bdcded7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/editors/protobuf-mode.el
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+;;; protobuf-mode.el --- major mode for editing protocol buffers.
+
+;; Author: Alexandre Vassalotti <alexandre@peadrop.com>
+;; Created: 23-Apr-2009
+;; Version: 0.3
+;; Keywords: google protobuf languages
+
+;; Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+;; modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+;; met:
+;;
+;;     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+;; notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+;;     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+;; copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+;; in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+;; distribution.
+;;     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+;; contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+;; this software without specific prior written permission.
+;;
+;; THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+;; "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+;; LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+;; A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+;; OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+;; SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+;; LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+;; DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+;; THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+;; (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+;; OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;; Installation:
+;;   - Put `protobuf-mode.el' in your Emacs load-path.
+;;   - Add this line to your .emacs file:
+;;       (require 'protobuf-mode)
+;;
+;; You can customize this mode just like any mode derived from CC Mode.  If
+;; you want to add customizations specific to protobuf-mode, you can use the
+;; `protobuf-mode-hook'. For example, the following would make protocol-mode
+;; use 2-space indentation:
+;;
+;;   (defconst my-protobuf-style
+;;     '((c-basic-offset . 2)
+;;       (indent-tabs-mode . nil)))
+;;
+;;   (add-hook 'protobuf-mode-hook
+;;     (lambda () (c-add-style "my-style" my-protobuf-style t)))
+;;
+;; Refer to the documentation of CC Mode for more information about
+;; customization details and how to use this mode.
+;;
+;; TODO:
+;;   - Make highlighting for enum values work properly.
+;;   - Fix the parser to recognize extensions as identifiers and not
+;;     as casts.
+;;   - Improve the parsing of option assignment lists. For example:
+;;       optional int32 foo = 1 [(my_field_option) = 4.5];
+;;   - Add support for fully-qualified identifiers (e.g., with a leading ".").
+
+;;; Code:
+
+(require 'cc-mode)
+
+(eval-when-compile
+  (and (= emacs-major-version 24)
+       (>= emacs-minor-version 4)
+       (require 'cl))
+  (require 'cc-langs)
+  (require 'cc-fonts))
+
+;; This mode does not inherit properties from other modes. So, we do not use
+;; the usual `c-add-language' function.
+(eval-and-compile
+  (put 'protobuf-mode 'c-mode-prefix "protobuf-"))
+
+;; The following code uses of the `c-lang-defconst' macro define syntactic
+;; features of protocol buffer language.  Refer to the documentation in the
+;; cc-langs.el file for information about the meaning of the -kwds variables.
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-primitive-type-kwds
+  protobuf '("double" "float" "int32" "int64" "uint32" "uint64" "sint32"
+             "sint64" "fixed32" "fixed64" "sfixed32" "sfixed64" "bool"
+             "string" "bytes" "group"))
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-modifier-kwds
+  protobuf '("required" "optional" "repeated"))
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-class-decl-kwds
+  protobuf '("message" "enum" "service"))
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-constant-kwds
+  protobuf '("true" "false"))
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-other-decl-kwds
+  protobuf '("package" "import"))
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-other-kwds
+  protobuf '("default" "max"))
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-identifier-ops
+  ;; Handle extended identifiers like google.protobuf.MessageOptions
+  protobuf '((left-assoc ".")))
+
+;; The following keywords do not fit well in keyword classes defined by
+;; cc-mode.  So, we approximate as best we can.
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-type-list-kwds
+  protobuf '("extensions" "to" "reserved"))
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-typeless-decl-kwds
+  protobuf '("extend" "rpc" "option" "returns"))
+
+
+;; Here we remove default syntax for loops, if-statements and other C
+;; syntactic features that are not supported by the protocol buffer language.
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-brace-list-decl-kwds
+  ;; Remove syntax for C-style enumerations.
+  protobuf nil)
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-block-stmt-1-kwds
+  ;; Remove syntax for "do" and "else" keywords.
+  protobuf nil)
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-block-stmt-2-kwds
+  ;; Remove syntax for "for", "if", "switch" and "while" keywords.
+  protobuf nil)
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-simple-stmt-kwds
+  ;; Remove syntax for "break", "continue", "goto" and "return" keywords.
+  protobuf nil)
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-paren-stmt-kwds
+  ;; Remove special case for the "(;;)" in for-loops.
+  protobuf nil)
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-label-kwds
+  ;; Remove case label syntax for the "case" and "default" keywords.
+  protobuf nil)
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-before-label-kwds
+  ;; Remove special case for the label in a goto statement.
+  protobuf nil)
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-cpp-matchers
+  ;; Disable all the C preprocessor syntax.
+  protobuf nil)
+
+(c-lang-defconst c-decl-prefix-re
+  ;; Same as for C, except it does not match "(". This is needed for disabling
+  ;; the syntax for casts.
+  protobuf "\\([\{\};,]+\\)")
+
+
+;; Add support for variable levels of syntax highlighting.
+
+(defconst protobuf-font-lock-keywords-1 (c-lang-const c-matchers-1 protobuf)
+  "Minimal highlighting for protobuf-mode.")
+
+(defconst protobuf-font-lock-keywords-2 (c-lang-const c-matchers-2 protobuf)
+  "Fast normal highlighting for protobuf-mode.")
+
+(defconst protobuf-font-lock-keywords-3 (c-lang-const c-matchers-3 protobuf)
+  "Accurate normal highlighting for protobuf-mode.")
+
+(defvar protobuf-font-lock-keywords protobuf-font-lock-keywords-3
+  "Default expressions to highlight in protobuf-mode.")
+
+;; Our syntax table is auto-generated from the keyword classes we defined
+;; previously with the `c-lang-const' macro.
+(defvar protobuf-mode-syntax-table nil
+  "Syntax table used in protobuf-mode buffers.")
+(or protobuf-mode-syntax-table
+    (setq protobuf-mode-syntax-table
+          (funcall (c-lang-const c-make-mode-syntax-table protobuf))))
+
+(defvar protobuf-mode-abbrev-table nil
+  "Abbreviation table used in protobuf-mode buffers.")
+
+(defvar protobuf-mode-map nil
+  "Keymap used in protobuf-mode buffers.")
+(or protobuf-mode-map
+    (setq protobuf-mode-map (c-make-inherited-keymap)))
+
+(easy-menu-define protobuf-menu protobuf-mode-map
+  "Protocol Buffers Mode Commands"
+  (cons "Protocol Buffers" (c-lang-const c-mode-menu protobuf)))
+
+;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.proto\\'" . protobuf-mode))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun protobuf-mode ()
+  "Major mode for editing Protocol Buffers description language.
+
+The hook `c-mode-common-hook' is run with no argument at mode
+initialization, then `protobuf-mode-hook'.
+
+Key bindings:
+\\{protobuf-mode-map}"
+  (interactive)
+  (kill-all-local-variables)
+  (set-syntax-table protobuf-mode-syntax-table)
+  (setq major-mode 'protobuf-mode
+        mode-name "Protocol-Buffers"
+        local-abbrev-table protobuf-mode-abbrev-table
+        abbrev-mode t)
+  (use-local-map protobuf-mode-map)
+  (c-initialize-cc-mode t)
+  (if (fboundp 'c-make-emacs-variables-local)
+      (c-make-emacs-variables-local))
+  (c-init-language-vars protobuf-mode)
+  (c-common-init 'protobuf-mode)
+  (easy-menu-add protobuf-menu)
+  (c-run-mode-hooks 'c-mode-common-hook 'protobuf-mode-hook)
+  (c-update-modeline))
+
+(provide 'protobuf-mode)
+
+;;; protobuf-mode.el ends here
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/AddPerson.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/AddPerson.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c262ab7e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/AddPerson.java
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// See README.txt for information and build instructions.
+
+import com.example.tutorial.AddressBookProtos.AddressBook;
+import com.example.tutorial.AddressBookProtos.Person;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+
+class AddPerson {
+  // This function fills in a Person message based on user input.
+  static Person PromptForAddress(BufferedReader stdin,
+                                 PrintStream stdout) throws IOException {
+    Person.Builder person = Person.newBuilder();
+
+    stdout.print("Enter person ID: ");
+    person.setId(Integer.valueOf(stdin.readLine()));
+
+    stdout.print("Enter name: ");
+    person.setName(stdin.readLine());
+
+    stdout.print("Enter email address (blank for none): ");
+    String email = stdin.readLine();
+    if (email.length() > 0) {
+      person.setEmail(email);
+    }
+
+    while (true) {
+      stdout.print("Enter a phone number (or leave blank to finish): ");
+      String number = stdin.readLine();
+      if (number.length() == 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      Person.PhoneNumber.Builder phoneNumber =
+        Person.PhoneNumber.newBuilder().setNumber(number);
+
+      stdout.print("Is this a mobile, home, or work phone? ");
+      String type = stdin.readLine();
+      if (type.equals("mobile")) {
+        phoneNumber.setType(Person.PhoneType.MOBILE);
+      } else if (type.equals("home")) {
+        phoneNumber.setType(Person.PhoneType.HOME);
+      } else if (type.equals("work")) {
+        phoneNumber.setType(Person.PhoneType.WORK);
+      } else {
+        stdout.println("Unknown phone type.  Using default.");
+      }
+
+      person.addPhones(phoneNumber);
+    }
+
+    return person.build();
+  }
+
+  // Main function:  Reads the entire address book from a file,
+  //   adds one person based on user input, then writes it back out to the same
+  //   file.
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+    if (args.length != 1) {
+      System.err.println("Usage:  AddPerson ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE");
+      System.exit(-1);
+    }
+
+    AddressBook.Builder addressBook = AddressBook.newBuilder();
+
+    // Read the existing address book.
+    try {
+      FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
+      try {
+        addressBook.mergeFrom(input);
+      } finally {
+        try { input.close(); } catch (Throwable ignore) {}
+      }
+    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+      System.out.println(args[0] + ": File not found.  Creating a new file.");
+    }
+
+    // Add an address.
+    addressBook.addPeople(
+      PromptForAddress(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)),
+                       System.out));
+
+    // Write the new address book back to disk.
+    FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(args[0]);
+    try {
+      addressBook.build().writeTo(output);
+    } finally {
+      output.close();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/BUILD b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/BUILD
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d15e83ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/BUILD
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# This BUILD file shows how to use protobuf with bazel. Before you can use
+# proto_library/<lang>_proto_library rules in a BUILD file, you need to
+# include protobuf repo as remote repositories in your WORKSPACE file. See
+# the WORKSPACE file in the same directory with this BUILD file for an
+# example.
+
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary", "cc_proto_library")
+load("@rules_java//java:defs.bzl", "java_binary", "java_lite_proto_library", "java_proto_library")
+load("@rules_proto//proto:defs.bzl", "proto_library")
+
+# For each .proto file, a proto_library target should be defined. This target
+# is not bound to any particular language. Instead, it defines the dependency
+# graph of the .proto files (i.e., proto imports) and serves as the provider
+# of .proto source files to the protocol compiler.
+#
+# Remote repository "com_google_protobuf" must be defined to use this rule.
+proto_library(
+    name = "addressbook_proto",
+    srcs = ["addressbook.proto"],
+    deps = ["@com_google_protobuf//:timestamp_proto"],
+)
+
+# The cc_proto_library rule generates C++ code for a proto_library rule. It
+# must have exactly one proto_library dependency. If you want to use multiple
+# proto_library targets, create a separate cc_proto_library target for each
+# of them.
+#
+# Remote repository "com_google_protobuf_cc" must be defined to use this rule.
+cc_proto_library(
+    name = "addressbook_cc_proto",
+    deps = [":addressbook_proto"],
+)
+
+# cc_library/cc_binary targets can depend on cc_proto_library targets.
+cc_binary(
+    name = "add_person_cpp",
+    srcs = ["add_person.cc"],
+    deps = [":addressbook_cc_proto"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "list_people_cpp",
+    srcs = ["list_people.cc"],
+    deps = [":addressbook_cc_proto"],
+)
+
+# Similar to cc_proto_library but for Java.
+#
+# Remote repository "com_google_protobuf_java" must be defined to use this rule.
+java_proto_library(
+    name = "addressbook_java_proto",
+    deps = [":addressbook_proto"],
+)
+
+java_binary(
+    name = "add_person_java",
+    srcs = ["AddPerson.java"],
+    main_class = "AddPerson",
+    deps = [":addressbook_java_proto"],
+)
+
+java_binary(
+    name = "list_people_java",
+    srcs = ["ListPeople.java"],
+    main_class = "ListPeople",
+    deps = [":addressbook_java_proto"],
+)
+
+# Java lite.
+#
+# Remote repository "com_google_protobuf_javalite" must be defined to use this
+# rule.
+java_lite_proto_library(
+    name = "addressbook_java_lite_proto",
+    deps = [":addressbook_proto"],
+)
+
+# Java lite API is a subset of the regular Java API so if you only uses this
+# subset in your code, you can actually compile your code against both (i.e.,
+# share code between server build and Android build).
+#
+# The lite version has a smaller code size, and you can see that by comparing
+# the resulted .jar file:
+#
+#   $ bazel build :add_person_java_deploy.jar :add_person_java_lite_deploy.jar
+#   $ ls -l bazel-bin/*_deploy.jar
+#   -r-xr-xr-x 1 xiaofeng eng 1230797 Sep  8 12:24 bazel-bin/add_person_java_deploy.jar
+#   -r-xr-xr-x 1 xiaofeng eng  236166 Sep  8 12:24 bazel-bin/add_person_java_lite_deploy.jar
+#
+# In the above example, the lite .jar file is 6 times smaller. With proper
+# proguard inlining/stripping, the difference can be much more larger than
+# that.
+java_binary(
+    name = "add_person_java_lite",
+    srcs = ["AddPerson.java"],
+    main_class = "AddPerson",
+    deps = [":addressbook_java_lite_proto"],
+)
+
+java_binary(
+    name = "list_people_java_lite",
+    srcs = ["ListPeople.java"],
+    main_class = "ListPeople",
+    deps = [":addressbook_java_lite_proto"],
+)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/CMakeLists.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e8e65414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Minimum CMake required
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.12)
+
+# Project
+project(protobuf-examples)
+
+# Find required protobuf package
+find_package(protobuf CONFIG REQUIRED)
+
+if(protobuf_VERBOSE)
+  message(STATUS "Using Protocol Buffers ${Protobuf_VERSION}")
+endif()
+
+set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR TRUE)
+
+# http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CMake_FAQ#How_can_I_build_my_MSVC_application_with_a_static_runtime.3F
+if(MSVC AND protobuf_MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME)
+  foreach(flag_var
+      CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE
+      CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO)
+    if(${flag_var} MATCHES "/MD")
+      string(REGEX REPLACE "/MD" "/MT" ${flag_var} "${${flag_var}}")
+    endif(${flag_var} MATCHES "/MD")
+  endforeach()
+endif()
+
+foreach(example add_person list_people)
+  set(${example}_SRCS ${example}.cc)
+  set(${example}_PROTOS addressbook.proto)
+
+  #Code Generation
+  if(protobuf_MODULE_COMPATIBLE) #Legacy Support
+    protobuf_generate_cpp(${example}_PROTO_SRCS ${example}_PROTO_HDRS ${${example}_PROTOS})
+    list(APPEND ${example}_SRCS ${${example}_PROTO_SRCS} ${${example}_PROTO_HDRS})
+  endif()
+
+  #Executable setup
+  set(executable_name ${example}_cpp)
+  add_executable(${executable_name} ${${example}_SRCS} ${${example}_PROTOS})
+  if(protobuf_MODULE_COMPATIBLE) #Legacy mode
+    target_include_directories(${executable_name} PUBLIC ${PROTOBUF_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    target_link_libraries(${executable_name} ${PROTOBUF_LIBRARIES})
+  else()
+    target_link_libraries(${executable_name} protobuf::libprotobuf)
+    protobuf_generate(TARGET ${executable_name})
+  endif()
+
+endforeach()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/ListPeople.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/ListPeople.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..580f7ac2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/ListPeople.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// See README.txt for information and build instructions.
+
+import com.example.tutorial.AddressBookProtos.AddressBook;
+import com.example.tutorial.AddressBookProtos.Person;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+
+class ListPeople {
+  // Iterates though all people in the AddressBook and prints info about them.
+  static void Print(AddressBook addressBook) {
+    for (Person person: addressBook.getPeopleList()) {
+      System.out.println("Person ID: " + person.getId());
+      System.out.println("  Name: " + person.getName());
+      if (!person.getEmail().isEmpty()) {
+        System.out.println("  E-mail address: " + person.getEmail());
+      }
+
+      for (Person.PhoneNumber phoneNumber : person.getPhonesList()) {
+        switch (phoneNumber.getType()) {
+          case MOBILE:
+            System.out.print("  Mobile phone #: ");
+            break;
+          case HOME:
+            System.out.print("  Home phone #: ");
+            break;
+          case WORK:
+            System.out.print("  Work phone #: ");
+            break;
+          default:
+            System.out.println(" Unknown phone #: ");
+            break;
+        }
+        System.out.println(phoneNumber.getNumber());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Main function:  Reads the entire address book from a file and prints all
+  //   the information inside.
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+    if (args.length != 1) {
+      System.err.println("Usage:  ListPeople ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE");
+      System.exit(-1);
+    }
+
+    // Read the existing address book.
+    AddressBook addressBook =
+      AddressBook.parseFrom(new FileInputStream(args[0]));
+
+    Print(addressBook);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/README.md
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4bf7c17cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Code Example
+
+This directory contains example code that uses Protocol Buffers to manage an
+address book. Two programs are provided for each supported language. The
+add_person example adds a new person to an address book, prompting the user to
+input the person's information. The list_people example lists people already in
+the address book. The examples use the exact same format in all three languages,
+so you can, for example, use add_person_java to create an address book and then
+use list_people_python to read it.
+
+These examples are part of the Protocol Buffers tutorial, located at:
+  https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials
+
+## Build the example using bazel
+
+The example requires bazel 0.5.4 or newer to build. You can download/install
+the latest version of bazel from bazel's release page:
+
+    https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/releases
+
+Once you have bazel installed, simply run the following command in this examples
+directory to build the code:
+
+    $ bazel build :all
+
+Then you can run the built binary:
+
+    $ bazel-bin/add_person_cpp addressbook.data
+
+To use protobuf in your own bazel project, please follow instructions in the
+[BUILD](BUILD) file and [WORKSPACE](WORKSPACE) file.
+
+## Build the example using make
+
+You must install the protobuf package before you can build it using make. The
+minimum requirement is to install protocol compiler (i.e., the protoc binary)
+and the protobuf runtime for the language you want to build.
+
+You can simply run "make" to build the example for all languages (except for
+Go). However, since different language has different installation requirement,
+it will likely fail. It's better to follow individual instructions below to
+build only the language you are interested in.
+
+### C++
+
+You can follow instructions in [../src/README.md](../src/README.md) to install
+protoc and protobuf C++ runtime from source.
+
+Then run "make cpp" in this examples directory to build the C++ example. It
+will create two executables: add_person_cpp and list_people_cpp. These programs
+simply take an address book file as their parameter. The add_person_cpp
+programs will create the file if it doesn't already exist.
+
+To run the examples:
+
+    $ ./add_person_cpp addressbook.data
+    $ ./list_people_cpp addressbook.data
+
+Note that on some platforms you may have to edit the Makefile and remove
+"-lpthread" from the linker commands (perhaps replacing it with something else).
+We didn't do this automatically because we wanted to keep the example simple.
+
+### Python
+
+Follow instructions in [../README.md](../README.md) to install protoc and then
+follow [../python/README.md](../python/README.md) to install protobuf python
+runtime from source. You can also install python runtime using pip:
+
+    $ pip install protobuf
+
+Make sure the runtime version is the same as protoc binary, or it may not work.
+
+After you have install both protoc and python runtime, run "make python" to
+build two executables (shell scripts actually): add_person_python and
+list_people_python. They work the same way as the C++ executables.
+
+### Java
+
+Follow instructions in [../README.md](../README.md) to install protoc and then
+download protobuf Java runtime .jar file from maven:
+
+    https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.protobuf/protobuf-java
+
+Then run the following:
+
+    $ export CLASSPATH=/path/to/protobuf-java-[version].jar
+    $ make java
+
+This will create the add_person_java/list_people_java executables (shell
+scripts) and can be used to create/display an address book data file.
+
+### Go
+
+The Go example requires a plugin to the protocol buffer compiler, so it is not
+build with all the other examples.  See:
+
+    https://github.com/golang/protobuf
+
+for more information about Go protocol buffer support.
+
+First, install the Protocol Buffers compiler (protoc).
+
+Then, install the Go Protocol Buffers plugin ($GOPATH/bin must be in your $PATH
+for protoc to find it):
+
+    go get github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go
+
+Build the Go samples in this directory with "make go".  This creates the
+following executable files in the current directory:
+
+    add_person_go      list_people_go
+
+To run the example:
+
+    ./add_person_go addressbook.data
+
+to add a person to the protocol buffer encoded file addressbook.data.  The file
+is created if it does not exist.  To view the data, run:
+
+    ./list_people_go addressbook.data
+
+Observe that the C++, Python, Java, and Dart examples in this directory run in a
+similar way and can view/modify files created by the Go example and vice
+versa.
+
+### Dart
+
+First, follow the instructions in [../README.md](../README.md) to install the Protocol Buffer Compiler (protoc).
+
+Then, install the Dart Protocol Buffer plugin as described [here](https://github.com/dart-lang/dart-protoc-plugin#how-to-build-and-use).
+Note, the executable `bin/protoc-gen-dart` must be in your `PATH` for `protoc` to find it.
+
+Build the Dart samples in this directory with `make dart`.
+
+To run the examples:
+
+```sh
+$ dart add_person.dart addressbook.data
+$ dart list_people.dart addressbook.data
+```
+
+The two programs take a protocol buffer encoded file as their parameter.
+The first can be used to add a person to the file. The file is created
+if it does not exist. The second displays the data in the file.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/WORKSPACE b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/WORKSPACE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fccda3b30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/WORKSPACE
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+workspace(name = "com_google_protobuf_examples")
+
+load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl", "http_archive")
+
+# This com_google_protobuf repository is required for proto_library rule.
+# It provides the protocol compiler binary (i.e., protoc).
+#
+# We declare it as local_repository so we can test changes
+# before they get merged. You'll want to use the following instead:
+#
+# http_archive(
+#     name = "com_google_protobuf",
+#     strip_prefix = "protobuf-master",
+#     urls = ["https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/archive/master.zip"],
+# )
+local_repository(
+    name = "com_google_protobuf",
+    path = "..",
+)
+
+# Similar to com_google_protobuf but for Java lite. If you are building
+# for Android, the lite version should be prefered because it has a much
+# smaller code size.
+local_repository(
+    name = "com_google_protobuf_javalite",
+    path = "..",
+)
+
+load("@com_google_protobuf//:protobuf_deps.bzl", "protobuf_deps")
+
+protobuf_deps()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..856e90bb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// See README.txt for information and build instructions.
+
+#include <ctime>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/time_util.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "addressbook.pb.h"
+
+using namespace std;
+
+using google::protobuf::util::TimeUtil;
+
+// This function fills in a Person message based on user input.
+void PromptForAddress(tutorial::Person* person) {
+  cout << "Enter person ID number: ";
+  int id;
+  cin >> id;
+  person->set_id(id);
+  cin.ignore(256, '\n');
+
+  cout << "Enter name: ";
+  getline(cin, *person->mutable_name());
+
+  cout << "Enter email address (blank for none): ";
+  string email;
+  getline(cin, email);
+  if (!email.empty()) {
+    person->set_email(email);
+  }
+
+  while (true) {
+    cout << "Enter a phone number (or leave blank to finish): ";
+    string number;
+    getline(cin, number);
+    if (number.empty()) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    tutorial::Person::PhoneNumber* phone_number = person->add_phones();
+    phone_number->set_number(number);
+
+    cout << "Is this a mobile, home, or work phone? ";
+    string type;
+    getline(cin, type);
+    if (type == "mobile") {
+      phone_number->set_type(tutorial::Person::MOBILE);
+    } else if (type == "home") {
+      phone_number->set_type(tutorial::Person::HOME);
+    } else if (type == "work") {
+      phone_number->set_type(tutorial::Person::WORK);
+    } else {
+      cout << "Unknown phone type.  Using default." << endl;
+    }
+  }
+  *person->mutable_last_updated() = TimeUtil::SecondsToTimestamp(time(NULL));
+}
+
+// Main function:  Reads the entire address book from a file,
+//   adds one person based on user input, then writes it back out to the same
+//   file.
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+  // Verify that the version of the library that we linked against is
+  // compatible with the version of the headers we compiled against.
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  if (argc != 2) {
+    cerr << "Usage:  " << argv[0] << " ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE" << endl;
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  tutorial::AddressBook address_book;
+
+  {
+    // Read the existing address book.
+    fstream input(argv[1], ios::in | ios::binary);
+    if (!input) {
+      cout << argv[1] << ": File not found.  Creating a new file." << endl;
+    } else if (!address_book.ParseFromIstream(&input)) {
+      cerr << "Failed to parse address book." << endl;
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Add an address.
+  PromptForAddress(address_book.add_people());
+
+  {
+    // Write the new address book back to disk.
+    fstream output(argv[1], ios::out | ios::trunc | ios::binary);
+    if (!address_book.SerializeToOstream(&output)) {
+      cerr << "Failed to write address book." << endl;
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Optional:  Delete all global objects allocated by libprotobuf.
+  google::protobuf::ShutdownProtobufLibrary();
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person.dart b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0352dc7e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import 'dart:io';
+
+import 'dart_tutorial/addressbook.pb.dart';
+
+/// This function fills in a Person message based on user input.
+Person promptForAddress() {
+  final person = Person();
+
+  print('Enter person ID: ');
+  final input = stdin.readLineSync();
+  person.id = int.parse(input);
+
+  print('Enter name');
+  person.name = stdin.readLineSync();
+
+  print('Enter email address (blank for none) : ');
+  final email = stdin.readLineSync();
+  if (email.isNotEmpty) person.email = email;
+
+  while (true) {
+    print('Enter a phone number (or leave blank to finish): ');
+    final number = stdin.readLineSync();
+    if (number.isEmpty) break;
+
+    final phoneNumber = Person_PhoneNumber()..number = number;
+
+    print('Is this a mobile, home, or work phone? ');
+
+    final type = stdin.readLineSync();
+    switch (type) {
+      case 'mobile':
+        phoneNumber.type = Person_PhoneType.MOBILE;
+        break;
+      case 'home':
+        phoneNumber.type = Person_PhoneType.HOME;
+        break;
+      case 'work':
+        phoneNumber.type = Person_PhoneType.WORK;
+        break;
+      default:
+        print('Unknown phone type.  Using default.');
+    }
+    person.phones.add(phoneNumber);
+  }
+
+  return person;
+}
+
+/// Reads the entire address book from a file, adds one person based
+/// on user input, then writes it back out to the same file.
+void main(List<String> arguments) {
+  if (arguments.length != 1) {
+    print('Usage: add_person ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE');
+    exit(-1);
+  }
+
+  final file = File(arguments.first);
+  AddressBook addressBook;
+  if (!file.existsSync()) {
+    print('File not found. Creating new file.');
+    addressBook = AddressBook();
+  } else {
+    addressBook = AddressBook.fromBuffer(file.readAsBytesSync());
+  }
+  addressBook.people.add(promptForAddress());
+  file.writeAsBytes(addressBook.writeToBuffer());
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person.go b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ffb0ab09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person.go
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
+	pb "github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/examples/tutorial"
+)
+
+func promptForAddress(r io.Reader) (*pb.Person, error) {
+	// A protocol buffer can be created like any struct.
+	p := &pb.Person{}
+
+	rd := bufio.NewReader(r)
+	fmt.Print("Enter person ID number: ")
+	// An int32 field in the .proto file is represented as an int32 field
+	// in the generated Go struct.
+	if _, err := fmt.Fscanf(rd, "%d\n", &p.Id); err != nil {
+		return p, err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Print("Enter name: ")
+	name, err := rd.ReadString('\n')
+	if err != nil {
+		return p, err
+	}
+	// A string field in the .proto file results in a string field in Go.
+	// We trim the whitespace because rd.ReadString includes the trailing
+	// newline character in its output.
+	p.Name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
+
+	fmt.Print("Enter email address (blank for none): ")
+	email, err := rd.ReadString('\n')
+	if err != nil {
+		return p, err
+	}
+	p.Email = strings.TrimSpace(email)
+
+	for {
+		fmt.Print("Enter a phone number (or leave blank to finish): ")
+		phone, err := rd.ReadString('\n')
+		if err != nil {
+			return p, err
+		}
+		phone = strings.TrimSpace(phone)
+		if phone == "" {
+			break
+		}
+		// The PhoneNumber message type is nested within the Person
+		// message in the .proto file.  This results in a Go struct
+		// named using the name of the parent prefixed to the name of
+		// the nested message.  Just as with pb.Person, it can be
+		// created like any other struct.
+		pn := &pb.Person_PhoneNumber{
+			Number: phone,
+		}
+
+		fmt.Print("Is this a mobile, home, or work phone? ")
+		ptype, err := rd.ReadString('\n')
+		if err != nil {
+			return p, err
+		}
+		ptype = strings.TrimSpace(ptype)
+
+		// A proto enum results in a Go constant for each enum value.
+		switch ptype {
+		case "mobile":
+			pn.Type = pb.Person_MOBILE
+		case "home":
+			pn.Type = pb.Person_HOME
+		case "work":
+			pn.Type = pb.Person_WORK
+		default:
+			fmt.Printf("Unknown phone type %q.  Using default.\n", ptype)
+		}
+
+		// A repeated proto field maps to a slice field in Go.  We can
+		// append to it like any other slice.
+		p.Phones = append(p.Phones, pn)
+	}
+
+	return p, nil
+}
+
+// Main reads the entire address book from a file, adds one person based on
+// user input, then writes it back out to the same file.
+func main() {
+	if len(os.Args) != 2 {
+		log.Fatalf("Usage:  %s ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE\n", os.Args[0])
+	}
+	fname := os.Args[1]
+
+	// Read the existing address book.
+	in, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fname)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			fmt.Printf("%s: File not found.  Creating new file.\n", fname)
+		} else {
+			log.Fatalln("Error reading file:", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// [START marshal_proto]
+	book := &pb.AddressBook{}
+	// [START_EXCLUDE]
+	if err := proto.Unmarshal(in, book); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalln("Failed to parse address book:", err)
+	}
+
+	// Add an address.
+	addr, err := promptForAddress(os.Stdin)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalln("Error with address:", err)
+	}
+	book.People = append(book.People, addr)
+	// [END_EXCLUDE]
+
+	// Write the new address book back to disk.
+	out, err := proto.Marshal(book)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalln("Failed to encode address book:", err)
+	}
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(fname, out, 0644); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalln("Failed to write address book:", err)
+	}
+	// [END marshal_proto]
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aa0fbca73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+
+# See README.txt for information and build instructions.
+
+import addressbook_pb2
+import sys
+
+try:
+  raw_input          # Python 2
+except NameError:
+  raw_input = input  # Python 3
+
+
+# This function fills in a Person message based on user input.
+def PromptForAddress(person):
+  person.id = int(raw_input("Enter person ID number: "))
+  person.name = raw_input("Enter name: ")
+
+  email = raw_input("Enter email address (blank for none): ")
+  if email != "":
+    person.email = email
+
+  while True:
+    number = raw_input("Enter a phone number (or leave blank to finish): ")
+    if number == "":
+      break
+
+    phone_number = person.phones.add()
+    phone_number.number = number
+
+    type = raw_input("Is this a mobile, home, or work phone? ")
+    if type == "mobile":
+      phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.MOBILE
+    elif type == "home":
+      phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.HOME
+    elif type == "work":
+      phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.WORK
+    else:
+      print("Unknown phone type; leaving as default value.")
+
+
+# Main procedure:  Reads the entire address book from a file,
+#   adds one person based on user input, then writes it back out to the same
+#   file.
+if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+  print("Usage:", sys.argv[0], "ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE")
+  sys.exit(-1)
+
+address_book = addressbook_pb2.AddressBook()
+
+# Read the existing address book.
+try:
+  with open(sys.argv[1], "rb") as f:
+    address_book.ParseFromString(f.read())
+except IOError:
+  print(sys.argv[1] + ": File not found.  Creating a new file.")
+
+# Add an address.
+PromptForAddress(address_book.people.add())
+
+# Write the new address book back to disk.
+with open(sys.argv[1], "wb") as f:
+  f.write(address_book.SerializeToString())
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person_test.go b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d35f10ece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/add_person_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
+	pb "github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/examples/tutorial"
+)
+
+func TestPromptForAddressReturnsAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	in := `12345
+Example Name
+name@example.com
+123-456-7890
+home
+222-222-2222
+mobile
+111-111-1111
+work
+777-777-7777
+unknown
+
+`
+	got, err := promptForAddress(strings.NewReader(in))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("promptForAddress(%q) had unexpected error: %s", in, err.Error())
+	}
+	if got.Id != 12345 {
+		t.Errorf("promptForAddress(%q) got %d, want ID %d", in, got.Id, 12345)
+	}
+	if got.Name != "Example Name" {
+		t.Errorf("promptForAddress(%q) => want name %q, got %q", in, "Example Name", got.Name)
+	}
+	if got.Email != "name@example.com" {
+		t.Errorf("promptForAddress(%q) => want email %q, got %q", in, "name@example.com", got.Email)
+	}
+
+	want := []*pb.Person_PhoneNumber{
+		{Number: "123-456-7890", Type: pb.Person_HOME},
+		{Number: "222-222-2222", Type: pb.Person_MOBILE},
+		{Number: "111-111-1111", Type: pb.Person_WORK},
+		{Number: "777-777-7777", Type: pb.Person_MOBILE},
+	}
+	if len(got.Phones) != len(want) {
+		t.Errorf("want %d phone numbers, got %d", len(want), len(got.Phones))
+	}
+	phones := len(got.Phones)
+	if phones > len(want) {
+		phones = len(want)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < phones; i++ {
+		if !proto.Equal(got.Phones[i], want[i]) {
+			t.Errorf("want phone %q, got %q", *want[i], *got.Phones[i])
+		}
+
+	}
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/addressbook.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/addressbook.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4b33b4c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/addressbook.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// See README.txt for information and build instructions.
+//
+// Note: START and END tags are used in comments to define sections used in
+// tutorials.  They are not part of the syntax for Protocol Buffers.
+//
+// To get an in-depth walkthrough of this file and the related examples, see:
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials
+
+// [START declaration]
+syntax = "proto3";
+package tutorial;
+
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+// [END declaration]
+
+// [START java_declaration]
+option java_package = "com.example.tutorial";
+option java_outer_classname = "AddressBookProtos";
+// [END java_declaration]
+
+// [START csharp_declaration]
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.Examples.AddressBook";
+// [END csharp_declaration]
+
+// [START messages]
+message Person {
+  string name = 1;
+  int32 id = 2;  // Unique ID number for this person.
+  string email = 3;
+
+  enum PhoneType {
+    MOBILE = 0;
+    HOME = 1;
+    WORK = 2;
+  }
+
+  message PhoneNumber {
+    string number = 1;
+    PhoneType type = 2;
+  }
+
+  repeated PhoneNumber phones = 4;
+
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp last_updated = 5;
+}
+
+// Our address book file is just one of these.
+message AddressBook {
+  repeated Person people = 1;
+}
+// [END messages]
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b309c5968
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// See README.txt for information and build instructions.
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/time_util.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "addressbook.pb.h"
+
+using namespace std;
+
+using google::protobuf::util::TimeUtil;
+
+// Iterates though all people in the AddressBook and prints info about them.
+void ListPeople(const tutorial::AddressBook& address_book) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < address_book.people_size(); i++) {
+    const tutorial::Person& person = address_book.people(i);
+
+    cout << "Person ID: " << person.id() << endl;
+    cout << "  Name: " << person.name() << endl;
+    if (person.email() != "") {
+      cout << "  E-mail address: " << person.email() << endl;
+    }
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < person.phones_size(); j++) {
+      const tutorial::Person::PhoneNumber& phone_number = person.phones(j);
+
+      switch (phone_number.type()) {
+        case tutorial::Person::MOBILE:
+          cout << "  Mobile phone #: ";
+          break;
+        case tutorial::Person::HOME:
+          cout << "  Home phone #: ";
+          break;
+        case tutorial::Person::WORK:
+          cout << "  Work phone #: ";
+          break;
+        default:
+          cout << "  Unknown phone #: ";
+          break;
+      }
+      cout << phone_number.number() << endl;
+    }
+    if (person.has_last_updated()) {
+      cout << "  Updated: " << TimeUtil::ToString(person.last_updated()) << endl;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Main function:  Reads the entire address book from a file and prints all
+//   the information inside.
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+  // Verify that the version of the library that we linked against is
+  // compatible with the version of the headers we compiled against.
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  if (argc != 2) {
+    cerr << "Usage:  " << argv[0] << " ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE" << endl;
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  tutorial::AddressBook address_book;
+
+  {
+    // Read the existing address book.
+    fstream input(argv[1], ios::in | ios::binary);
+    if (!address_book.ParseFromIstream(&input)) {
+      cerr << "Failed to parse address book." << endl;
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ListPeople(address_book);
+
+  // Optional:  Delete all global objects allocated by libprotobuf.
+  google::protobuf::ShutdownProtobufLibrary();
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people.dart b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people.dart
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a96d8233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import 'dart:io';
+
+import 'dart_tutorial/addressbook.pb.dart';
+import 'dart_tutorial/addressbook.pbenum.dart';
+
+/// Iterates though all people in the AddressBook and prints info about them.
+void printAddressBook(AddressBook addressBook) {
+  for (var person in addressBook.people) {
+    print('Person ID: ${person.id}');
+    print('  Name: ${person.name}');
+    if (person.hasEmail()) {
+      print('  E-mail address:${person.email}');
+    }
+
+    for (var phoneNumber in person.phones) {
+      switch (phoneNumber.type) {
+        case Person_PhoneType.MOBILE:
+          print('   Mobile phone #: ');
+          break;
+        case Person_PhoneType.HOME:
+          print('   Home phone #: ');
+          break;
+        case Person_PhoneType.WORK:
+          print('   Work phone #: ');
+          break;
+        default:
+          print('   Unknown phone #: ');
+          break;
+      }
+      print(phoneNumber.number);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/// Reads the entire address book from a file and prints all
+/// the information inside.
+void main(List<String> arguments) {
+  if (arguments.length != 1) {
+    print('Usage: list_person ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE');
+    exit(-1);
+  }
+
+  // Read the existing address book.
+  final file = new File(arguments.first);
+  final addressBook = new AddressBook.fromBuffer(file.readAsBytesSync());
+  printAddressBook(addressBook);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people.go b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c2c34ac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people.go
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
+	pb "github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/examples/tutorial"
+)
+
+func writePerson(w io.Writer, p *pb.Person) {
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "Person ID:", p.Id)
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "  Name:", p.Name)
+	if p.Email != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "  E-mail address:", p.Email)
+	}
+
+	for _, pn := range p.Phones {
+		switch pn.Type {
+		case pb.Person_MOBILE:
+			fmt.Fprint(w, "  Mobile phone #: ")
+		case pb.Person_HOME:
+			fmt.Fprint(w, "  Home phone #: ")
+		case pb.Person_WORK:
+			fmt.Fprint(w, "  Work phone #: ")
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, pn.Number)
+	}
+}
+
+func listPeople(w io.Writer, book *pb.AddressBook) {
+	for _, p := range book.People {
+		writePerson(w, p)
+	}
+}
+
+// Main reads the entire address book from a file and prints all the
+// information inside.
+func main() {
+	if len(os.Args) != 2 {
+		log.Fatalf("Usage:  %s ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE\n", os.Args[0])
+	}
+	fname := os.Args[1]
+
+	// [START unmarshal_proto]
+	// Read the existing address book.
+	in, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fname)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalln("Error reading file:", err)
+	}
+	book := &pb.AddressBook{}
+	if err := proto.Unmarshal(in, book); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalln("Failed to parse address book:", err)
+	}
+	// [END unmarshal_proto]
+
+	listPeople(os.Stdout, book)
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d2c294c6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+
+# See README.txt for information and build instructions.
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+import addressbook_pb2
+import sys
+
+
+# Iterates though all people in the AddressBook and prints info about them.
+def ListPeople(address_book):
+  for person in address_book.people:
+    print("Person ID:", person.id)
+    print("  Name:", person.name)
+    if person.email != "":
+      print("  E-mail address:", person.email)
+
+    for phone_number in person.phones:
+      if phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.MOBILE:
+        print("  Mobile phone #:", end=" ")
+      elif phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.HOME:
+        print("  Home phone #:", end=" ")
+      elif phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.WORK:
+        print("  Work phone #:", end=" ")
+      print(phone_number.number)
+
+
+# Main procedure:  Reads the entire address book from a file and prints all
+#   the information inside.
+if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+  print("Usage:", sys.argv[0], "ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE")
+  sys.exit(-1)
+
+address_book = addressbook_pb2.AddressBook()
+
+# Read the existing address book.
+with open(sys.argv[1], "rb") as f:
+  address_book.ParseFromString(f.read())
+
+ListPeople(address_book)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people_test.go b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aceabd4a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/list_people_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	pb "github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/examples/tutorial"
+)
+
+func TestWritePersonWritesPerson(t *testing.T) {
+	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	// [START populate_proto]
+	p := pb.Person{
+		Id:    1234,
+		Name:  "John Doe",
+		Email: "jdoe@example.com",
+		Phones: []*pb.Person_PhoneNumber{
+			{Number: "555-4321", Type: pb.Person_HOME},
+		},
+	}
+	// [END populate_proto]
+	writePerson(buf, &p)
+	got := buf.String()
+	want := `Person ID: 1234
+  Name: John Doe
+  E-mail address: jdoe@example.com
+  Home phone #: 555-4321
+`
+	if got != want {
+		t.Errorf("writePerson(%s) =>\n\t%q, want %q", p.String(), got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListPeopleWritesList(t *testing.T) {
+	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	in := pb.AddressBook{People: []*pb.Person{
+		{
+			Name:  "John Doe",
+			Id:    101,
+			Email: "john@example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			Name: "Jane Doe",
+			Id:   102,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "Jack Doe",
+			Id:    201,
+			Email: "jack@example.com",
+			Phones: []*pb.Person_PhoneNumber{
+				{Number: "555-555-5555", Type: pb.Person_WORK},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "Jack Buck",
+			Id:    301,
+			Email: "buck@example.com",
+			Phones: []*pb.Person_PhoneNumber{
+				{Number: "555-555-0000", Type: pb.Person_HOME},
+				{Number: "555-555-0001", Type: pb.Person_MOBILE},
+				{Number: "555-555-0002", Type: pb.Person_WORK},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:  "Janet Doe",
+			Id:    1001,
+			Email: "janet@example.com",
+			Phones: []*pb.Person_PhoneNumber{
+				{Number: "555-777-0000"},
+				{Number: "555-777-0001", Type: pb.Person_HOME},
+			},
+		},
+	}}
+	listPeople(buf, &in)
+	want := strings.Split(`Person ID: 101
+  Name: John Doe
+  E-mail address: john@example.com
+Person ID: 102
+  Name: Jane Doe
+Person ID: 201
+  Name: Jack Doe
+  E-mail address: jack@example.com
+  Work phone #: 555-555-5555
+Person ID: 301
+  Name: Jack Buck
+  E-mail address: buck@example.com
+  Home phone #: 555-555-0000
+  Mobile phone #: 555-555-0001
+  Work phone #: 555-555-0002
+Person ID: 1001
+  Name: Janet Doe
+  E-mail address: janet@example.com
+  Mobile phone #: 555-777-0000
+  Home phone #: 555-777-0001
+`, "\n")
+	got := strings.Split(buf.String(), "\n")
+	if len(got) != len(want) {
+		t.Errorf(
+			"listPeople(%s) =>\n\t%q has %d lines, want %d",
+			in.String(),
+			buf.String(),
+			len(got),
+			len(want))
+	}
+	lines := len(got)
+	if lines > len(want) {
+		lines = len(want)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < lines; i++ {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Errorf(
+				"listPeople(%s) =>\n\tline %d %q, want %q",
+				in.String(),
+				i,
+				got[i],
+				want[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/pubspec.yaml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/pubspec.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c36dbdcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/examples/pubspec.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+name: addressbook
+description: dartlang.org example code.
+
+dependencies:
+  protobuf:
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/generate_changelog.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/generate_changelog.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..60803c59d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/generate_changelog.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""Generates a friendly list of changes per language since the last release."""
+
+import sys
+import os
+
+class Language(object):
+  def __init__(self, name, pathspec):
+    self.name = name
+    self.pathspec = pathspec
+
+languages = [
+  Language("C++", [
+      "':(glob)src/google/protobuf/*'",
+      "src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp",
+      "src/google/protobuf/io",
+      "src/google/protobuf/util",
+      "src/google/protobuf/stubs",
+  ]),
+  Language("Java", [
+      "java",
+      "src/google/protobuf/compiler/java",
+  ]),
+  Language("Python", [
+      "python",
+      "src/google/protobuf/compiler/python",
+  ]),
+  Language("JavaScript", [
+      "js",
+      "src/google/protobuf/compiler/js",
+  ]),
+  Language("PHP", [
+      "php",
+      "src/google/protobuf/compiler/php",
+  ]),
+  Language("Ruby", [
+      "ruby",
+      "src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby",
+  ]),
+  Language("Csharp", [
+      "csharp",
+      "src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp",
+  ]),
+  Language("Objective C", [
+      "objectivec",
+      "src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec",
+  ]),
+]
+
+if len(sys.argv) < 2:
+  print("Usage: generate_changelog.py <previous release>")
+  sys.exit(1)
+
+previous = sys.argv[1]
+
+for language in languages:
+  print(language.name)
+  sys.stdout.flush()
+  os.system(("git log --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit %s...HEAD %s | " +
+             "sed -e 's/^/ - /'") % (previous, " ".join(language.pathspec)))
+  print("")
+
+print("To view a commit on GitHub: " +
+      "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/<commit id>")
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/generate_descriptor_proto.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/generate_descriptor_proto.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e533d05b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/generate_descriptor_proto.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Run this script to regenerate descriptor.pb.{h,cc} after the protocol
+# compiler changes.  Since these files are compiled into the protocol compiler
+# itself, they cannot be generated automatically by a make rule.  "make check"
+# will fail if these files do not match what the protocol compiler would
+# generate.
+#
+# HINT:  Flags passed to generate_descriptor_proto.sh will be passed directly
+#   to make when building protoc.  This is particularly useful for passing
+#   -j4 to run 4 jobs simultaneously.
+
+if test ! -e src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h; then
+  cat >&2 << __EOF__
+Could not find source code.  Make sure you are running this script from the
+root of the distribution tree.
+__EOF__
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+cd src
+
+declare -a RUNTIME_PROTO_FILES=(\
+  google/protobuf/any.proto \
+  google/protobuf/api.proto \
+  google/protobuf/descriptor.proto \
+  google/protobuf/duration.proto \
+  google/protobuf/empty.proto \
+  google/protobuf/field_mask.proto \
+  google/protobuf/source_context.proto \
+  google/protobuf/struct.proto \
+  google/protobuf/timestamp.proto \
+  google/protobuf/type.proto \
+  google/protobuf/wrappers.proto)
+
+declare -a COMPILER_PROTO_FILES=(\
+  google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto)
+
+CORE_PROTO_IS_CORRECT=0
+PROCESS_ROUND=1
+BOOTSTRAP_PROTOC=""
+while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+  case $1 in
+    --bootstrap_protoc)
+      BOOTSTRAP_PROTOC=$2
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    *)
+      break
+      ;;
+  esac
+  shift
+done
+TMP=$(mktemp -d)
+echo "Updating descriptor protos..."
+while [ $CORE_PROTO_IS_CORRECT -ne 1 ]
+do
+  echo "Round $PROCESS_ROUND"
+  CORE_PROTO_IS_CORRECT=1
+
+  if [ "$BOOTSTRAP_PROTOC" != "" ]; then
+    PROTOC=$BOOTSTRAP_PROTOC
+    BOOTSTRAP_PROTOC=""
+  else
+    make $@ protoc
+    if test $? -ne 0; then
+      echo "Failed to build protoc."
+      exit 1
+    fi
+    PROTOC="./protoc"
+  fi
+
+  $PROTOC --cpp_out=dllexport_decl=PROTOBUF_EXPORT:$TMP ${RUNTIME_PROTO_FILES[@]} && \
+  $PROTOC --cpp_out=dllexport_decl=PROTOC_EXPORT:$TMP ${COMPILER_PROTO_FILES[@]}
+
+  for PROTO_FILE in ${RUNTIME_PROTO_FILES[@]} ${COMPILER_PROTO_FILES[@]}; do
+    BASE_NAME=${PROTO_FILE%.*}
+    diff ${BASE_NAME}.pb.h $TMP/${BASE_NAME}.pb.h > /dev/null
+    if test $? -ne 0; then
+      CORE_PROTO_IS_CORRECT=0
+    fi
+    diff ${BASE_NAME}.pb.cc $TMP/${BASE_NAME}.pb.cc > /dev/null
+    if test $? -ne 0; then
+      CORE_PROTO_IS_CORRECT=0
+    fi
+  done
+
+  # Only override the output if the files are different to avoid re-compilation
+  # of the protoc.
+  if [ $CORE_PROTO_IS_CORRECT -ne 1 ]; then
+    for PROTO_FILE in ${RUNTIME_PROTO_FILES[@]} ${COMPILER_PROTO_FILES[@]}; do
+      BASE_NAME=${PROTO_FILE%.*}
+      mv $TMP/${BASE_NAME}.pb.h ${BASE_NAME}.pb.h
+      mv $TMP/${BASE_NAME}.pb.cc ${BASE_NAME}.pb.cc
+    done
+  fi
+
+  PROCESS_ROUND=$((PROCESS_ROUND + 1))
+done
+cd ..
+
+if test -x objectivec/generate_well_known_types.sh; then
+  echo "Generating messages for objc."
+  objectivec/generate_well_known_types.sh $@
+fi
+
+if test -x csharp/generate_protos.sh; then
+  echo "Generating messages for C#."
+  csharp/generate_protos.sh $@
+fi
+
+if test -x php/generate_descriptor_protos.sh; then
+  echo "Generating messages for PHP."
+  php/generate_descriptor_protos.sh $@
+fi
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/global.json b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/global.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c7cc9f18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/global.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "sdk": {
+    "version": "2.1.504"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a10949489
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+
+Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+
+https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+
+## Use Java Protocol Buffers
+
+To use protobuf in Java, first obtain the protocol compiler (a.k.a., protoc,
+see instructions in the toplevel [README.md](../README.md)) and use it to
+generate Java code for your .proto files:
+
+    $ protoc --java_out=${OUTPUT_DIR} path/to/your/proto/file
+
+Include the generated Java files in your project and add a dependency on the
+protobuf Java runtime.
+
+### Maven
+
+If you are using Maven, use the following:
+
+```xml
+<dependency>
+  <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+  <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
+  <version>3.10.0</version>
+</dependency>
+```
+
+Make sure the version number of the runtime matches (or is newer than) the
+version number of the protoc.
+
+If you want to use features like protobuf JsonFormat, add a dependency on the
+protobuf-java-util package:
+
+```xml
+<dependency>
+  <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+  <artifactId>protobuf-java-util</artifactId>
+  <version>3.10.0</version>
+</dependency>
+```
+
+### Gradle
+
+If you are using Gradle, add the following to your `build.gradle` file's dependencies:
+```
+    compile 'com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:3.10.0'
+```
+Again, be sure to check that the version number maches (or is newer than) the version number of protoc that you are using.
+
+### Use Java Protocol Buffers on Android
+
+For Android users, it's recommended to use protobuf Java Lite runtime because
+of its smaller code size. Java Lite runtime also works better with Proguard
+because it doesn't rely on Java reflection and is optimized to allow as much
+code stripping as possible. You can following these [instructions to use Java
+Lite runtime](lite.md).
+
+### Use Java Protocol Buffers with Bazel
+
+Bazel has native build rules to work with protobuf. For Java, you can use the
+`java_proto_library` rule for server and the `java_lite_proto_library` rule
+for Android. Check out [our build files examples](../examples/BUILD) to learn
+how to use them.
+
+## Build from Source
+
+Most users should follow the instructions above to use protobuf Java runtime.
+If you are contributing code to protobuf or want to use a protobuf version
+that hasn't been officially released yet, you can folllow the instructions
+below to build protobuf from source code.
+
+### Build from Source - With Maven
+
+1) Install Apache Maven if you don't have it:
+
+     http://maven.apache.org/
+
+2) Build the C++ code, or obtain a binary distribution of protoc (see
+   the toplevel [README.md](../README.md)). If you install a binary
+   distribution, make sure that it is the same version as this package.
+   If in doubt, run:
+
+     $ protoc --version
+
+   You will need to place the protoc executable in ../src.  (If you
+   built it yourself, it should already be there.)
+
+3) Run the tests:
+
+     $ mvn test
+
+   If some tests fail, this library may not work correctly on your
+   system.  Continue at your own risk.
+
+4) Install the library into your Maven repository:
+
+     $ mvn install
+
+5) If you do not use Maven to manage your own build, you can build a
+   .jar file to use:
+
+     $ mvn package
+
+   The .jar will be placed in the "target" directory.
+
+The above instructions will install 2 maven artifacts:
+
+  * protobuf-java: The core Java Protocol Buffers library. Most users only
+                   need this artifact.
+  * protobuf-java-util: Utilities to work with protos. It contains JSON support
+                        as well as utilities to work with proto3 well-known
+                        types.
+
+### Build from Source - Without Maven
+
+If you would rather not install Maven to build the library, you may
+follow these instructions instead.  Note that these instructions skip
+running unit tests and only describes how to install the core protobuf
+library (without the util package).
+
+1) Build the C++ code, or obtain a binary distribution of protoc.  If
+   you install a binary distribution, make sure that it is the same
+   version as this package.  If in doubt, run:
+
+     $ protoc --version
+
+   If you built the C++ code without installing, the compiler binary
+   should be located in ../src.
+
+2) Invoke protoc to build DescriptorProtos.java:
+
+     $ protoc --java_out=core/src/main/java -I../src \
+         ../src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+3) Compile the code in core/src/main/java using whatever means you prefer.
+
+4) Install the classes wherever you prefer.
+
+## Compatibility Notice
+
+* Protobuf minor version releases are backwards-compatible. If your code
+  can build/run against the old version, it's expected to build/run against
+  the new version as well. Both binary compatibility and source compatibility
+  are guaranteed for minor version releases if the user follows the guideline
+  described in this section.
+
+* Protobuf major version releases may also be backwards-compatbile with the
+  last release of the previous major version. See the release notice for more
+  details.
+
+* APIs marked with the @ExperimentalApi annotation are subject to change. They
+  can be modified in any way, or even removed, at any time. Don't use them if
+  compatibility is needed. If your code is a library itself (i.e. it is used on
+  the CLASSPATH of users outside your own control), you should not use
+  experimental APIs, unless you repackage them (e.g. using ProGuard).
+
+* Deprecated non-experimental APIs will be removed two years after the release
+  in which they are first deprecated. You must fix your references before this
+  time. If you don't, any manner of breakage could result (you are not
+  guaranteed a compilation error).
+
+* Protobuf message interfaces/classes are designed to be subclassed by protobuf
+  generated code only. Do not subclass these message interfaces/classes
+  yourself. We may add new methods to the message interfaces/classes which will
+  break your own subclasses.
+
+* Don't use any method/class that is marked as "used by generated code only".
+  Such methods/classes are subject to change.
+
+* Protobuf LITE runtime APIs are not stable yet. They are subject to change even
+  in minor version releases.
+
+## Documentation
+
+The complete documentation for Protocol Buffers is available via the
+web at:
+
+  https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/bom/pom.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/bom/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f499bd132
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/bom/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0                              http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+  <artifactId>protobuf-bom</artifactId>
+  <version>3.11.4</version>
+  <packaging>pom</packaging>
+
+  <name>Protocol Buffers [BOM]</name>
+  <description>A compatible set of open source libraries for working with protocol buffers.</description>
+  <url>https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/</url>
+
+  <organization>
+    <name>Google LLC</name>
+    <url>https://cloud.google.com</url>
+  </organization>
+
+  <developers>
+    <developer>
+      <id>haon</id>
+      <name>Hao Nguyen</name>
+      <email>haon@google.com</email>
+      <organization>Google</organization>
+      <organizationUrl>https://cloud.google.com</organizationUrl>
+      <timezone>America/Los_Angeles</timezone>
+    </developer>
+  </developers>
+
+  <licenses>
+    <license>
+      <name>3-Clause BSD License</name>
+      <url>https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause</url>
+    </license>
+  </licenses>
+
+  <scm>
+    <url>https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf</url>
+    <connection>scm:git:https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf.git</connection>
+  </scm>
+
+  <properties>
+    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+  </properties>
+
+  <distributionManagement>
+    <snapshotRepository>
+      <id>sonatype-nexus-staging</id>
+      <url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
+    </snapshotRepository>
+    <repository>
+      <id>sonatype-nexus-staging</id>
+      <url>https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/</url>
+    </repository>
+  </distributionManagement>
+
+  <dependencyManagement>
+    <dependencies>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+        <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
+        <version>${project.version}</version>
+      </dependency>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+        <artifactId>protobuf-java-util</artifactId>
+        <version>${project.version}</version>
+      </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+  </dependencyManagement>
+
+  <profiles>
+    <profile>
+      <!-- If you see the error message
+           gpg: signing failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device
+           when signing run the command
+           export GPG_TTY=$(tty)
+           and try again. -->
+      <id>release</id>
+      <build>
+        <plugins>
+          <plugin>
+            <artifactId>maven-gpg-plugin</artifactId>
+            <version>1.6</version>
+            <executions>
+              <execution>
+                <id>sign-artifacts</id>
+                <phase>verify</phase>
+                <goals>
+                  <goal>sign</goal>
+                </goals>
+               </execution>
+            </executions>
+          </plugin>
+          <plugin>
+            <groupId>org.sonatype.plugins</groupId>
+	    <artifactId>nexus-staging-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+            <version>1.6.6</version>
+            <extensions>true</extensions>
+            <configuration>
+              <nexusUrl>https://oss.sonatype.org/</nexusUrl>
+              <serverId>sonatype-nexus-staging</serverId>
+              <autoReleaseAfterClose>false</autoReleaseAfterClose>
+            </configuration>
+          </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+      </build>
+    </profile>
+  </profiles>
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72c6034c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Protobuf Java Compatibility Tests
+
+This directory contains tests to ensure protobuf library is compatible with
+previously released versions.
+
+## Directory Layout
+
+For each released protobuf version we are testing compatibility with, there
+is a sub-directory with the following layout (take v2.5.0 as an example):
+
+  * v2.5.0
+    * test.sh
+    * pom.xml
+    * protos/ - unittest protos.
+    * more_protos/ - unittest protos that import the ones in "protos".
+    * tests/ - actual Java test classes.
+
+The testing code is extracted from regular protobuf unittests by removing:
+
+  * tests that access package private methods/classes.
+  * tests that are known to be broken by an intended behavior change (e.g., we
+    changed the parsing recursion limit from 64 to 100).
+  * all lite runtime tests.
+
+It's also divided into 3 submodule with tests depending on more_protos and
+more_protos depending on protos. This way we can test scenarios where only part
+of the dependency is upgraded to the new version.
+
+## How to Run The Tests
+
+We use a shell script to drive the test of different scenarios so the test
+will only run on unix-like environments. The script expects a few command
+line tools to be available on PATH: git, mvn, wget, grep, sed, java.
+
+Before running the tests, make sure you have already built the protoc binary
+following [the C++ installation instructions](../../src/README.md). The test
+scripts will use the built binary located at ${protobuf}/src/protoc.
+
+To start a test, simply run the test.sh script in each version directory. For
+example:
+
+    $ v2.5.0/test.sh
+
+For each version, the test script will test:
+
+  * only upgrading protos to the new version
+  * only upgrading more_protos to the new version
+
+and see whether everything builds/runs fine. Both source compatibility and
+binary compatibility will be tested.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/deps/pom.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/deps/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ceb96049
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/deps/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <groupId>com.google.protobuf.compatibility</groupId>
+  <artifactId>compatibility-test-deps</artifactId>
+  <version>2.5.0</version>
+
+  <name>Compatibility Test Dependencies</name>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>junit</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+      <version>4.4</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
+      <artifactId>easymock</artifactId>
+      <version>2.2</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
+      <artifactId>easymockclassextension</artifactId>
+      <version>2.2.1</version>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>2.6</version>
+        <configuration>
+          <descriptorRefs>
+            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
+          </descriptorRefs>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/pom.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff0c4133f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>com.google.protobuf.compatibility</groupId>
+    <artifactId>compatibility-test-suite</artifactId>
+    <version>2.5.0</version>
+    <relativePath>..</relativePath>
+  </parent>
+
+  <groupId>com.google.protobuf.compatibility</groupId>
+  <artifactId>compatibility-more-protos</artifactId>
+  <version>2.5.0</version>
+
+  <name>More protos for Compatibility test</name>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+      <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
+      <version>${more_protos.protobuf.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.protobuf.compatibility</groupId>
+      <artifactId>compatibility-protos</artifactId>
+      <version>2.5.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>3.3</version>
+        <configuration>
+          <source>1.6</source>
+          <target>1.6</target>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>generate-sources</id>
+            <phase>generate-sources</phase>
+            <configuration>
+              <tasks>
+                <mkdir dir="target/generated-sources" />
+                <exec executable="${more_protos.protoc.path}">
+                  <arg value="--java_out=target/generated-sources" />
+                  <arg value="--proto_path=src/proto" />
+                  <arg value="src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest.proto" />
+                  <arg value="src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto" />
+                  <arg value="src/proto/com/google/protobuf/multiple_files_test.proto" />
+                </exec>
+              </tasks>
+              <sourceRoot>target/generated-sources</sourceRoot>
+            </configuration>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>run</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/multiple_files_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/multiple_files_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a040145a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/multiple_files_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// A proto file which tests the java_multiple_files option.
+
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "MultipleFilesTestProto";
+
+message MessageWithNoOuter {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int32 i = 1;
+  }
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    BAZ = 3;
+  }
+  optional NestedMessage nested = 1;
+  repeated TestAllTypes foreign = 2;
+  optional NestedEnum nested_enum = 3;
+  optional EnumWithNoOuter foreign_enum = 4;
+}
+
+enum EnumWithNoOuter {
+  FOO = 1;
+  BAR = 2;
+}
+
+service ServiceWithNoOuter {
+  rpc Foo(MessageWithNoOuter) returns(TestAllTypes);
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensions {
+  optional int32 extension_with_outer = 1234567;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_builders_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_builders_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abffb9d2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_builders_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+//
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "NestedBuilders";
+
+
+message Vehicle {
+  optional Engine engine = 1;
+  repeated Wheel wheel = 2;
+}
+
+message Engine {
+  optional int32 cylinder = 1;
+  optional int32 liters = 2;
+}
+
+message Wheel {
+  optional int32 radius = 1;
+  optional int32 width = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9fe5d560c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Darick Tong (darick@google.com)
+//
+// A proto file with nested extensions. Note that this must be defined in
+// a separate file to properly test the initialization of the outer class.
+
+
+import "com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+message MyNestedExtension {
+  extend MessageToBeExtended {
+    optional MessageToBeExtended recursiveExtension = 2;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16ee46e57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Darick Tong (darick@google.com)
+//
+// A proto file with nested extensions for a MessageLite messages. Note that
+// this must be defined in a separate file to properly test the initialization
+// of the outer class.
+
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+import "com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto";
+
+message MyNestedExtensionLite {
+  extend MessageLiteToBeExtended {
+    optional MessageLiteToBeExtended recursiveExtensionLite = 3;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f61b419bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Darick Tong (darick@google.com)
+//
+// A proto file with extensions.
+
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+message MessageToBeExtended {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message MyNonNestedExtension {
+}
+
+extend MessageToBeExtended {
+  optional MyNonNestedExtension nonNestedExtension = 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c82659b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Darick Tong (darick@google.com)
+//
+// A proto file with extensions for a MessageLite messages.
+
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+message MessageLiteToBeExtended {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message MyNonNestedExtensionLite {
+}
+
+extend MessageLiteToBeExtended {
+  optional MyNonNestedExtensionLite nonNestedExtensionLite = 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e67d97a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+
+// This file tests that various identifiers work as field and type names even
+// though the same identifiers are used internally by the java code generator.
+
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+
+package io_protocol_tests;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "TestBadIdentifiersProto";
+
+message TestMessage {
+}
+
+message Descriptor {
+  option no_standard_descriptor_accessor = true;
+  optional string descriptor = 1;
+  message NestedDescriptor {
+    option no_standard_descriptor_accessor = true;
+    optional string descriptor = 1;
+  }
+  optional NestedDescriptor nested_descriptor = 2;
+}
+
+message Parser {
+  enum ParserEnum {
+    PARSER = 1;
+  }
+  optional ParserEnum parser = 1;
+}
+
+message Deprecated {
+  enum TestEnum {
+    FOO = 1;
+  }
+
+  optional int32 field1 = 1 [deprecated=true];
+  optional TestEnum field2 = 2 [deprecated=true];
+  optional TestMessage field3 = 3 [deprecated=true];
+}
+
+message Override {
+  optional int32 override = 1;
+}
+
+message Object {
+  optional int32 object = 1;
+  optional string string_object = 2;
+}
+
+message String {
+  optional string string = 1;
+}
+
+message Integer {
+  optional int32 integer = 1;
+}
+
+message Long {
+  optional int32 long = 1;
+}
+
+message Float {
+  optional float float = 1;
+}
+
+message Double {
+  optional double double = 1;
+}
+
+service TestConflictingMethodNames {
+  rpc Override(TestMessage) returns (TestMessage);
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a785f79fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,620 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// The messages in this file describe the definitions found in .proto files.
+// A valid .proto file can be translated directly to a FileDescriptorProto
+// without any other information (e.g. without reading its imports).
+
+
+
+package google.protobuf;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "DescriptorProtos";
+
+// descriptor.proto must be optimized for speed because reflection-based
+// algorithms don't work during bootstrapping.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+// The protocol compiler can output a FileDescriptorSet containing the .proto
+// files it parses.
+message FileDescriptorSet {
+  repeated FileDescriptorProto file = 1;
+}
+
+// Describes a complete .proto file.
+message FileDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;       // file name, relative to root of source tree
+  optional string package = 2;    // e.g. "foo", "foo.bar", etc.
+
+  // Names of files imported by this file.
+  repeated string dependency = 3;
+  // Indexes of the public imported files in the dependency list above.
+  repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;
+  // Indexes of the weak imported files in the dependency list.
+  // For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+  repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;
+
+  // All top-level definitions in this file.
+  repeated DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+  repeated EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;
+  repeated ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;
+  repeated FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;
+
+  optional FileOptions options = 8;
+
+  // This field contains optional information about the original source code.
+  // You may safely remove this entire field whithout harming runtime
+  // functionality of the descriptors -- the information is needed only by
+  // development tools.
+  optional SourceCodeInfo source_code_info = 9;
+}
+
+// Describes a message type.
+message DescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+
+  repeated FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+  repeated FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;
+
+  repeated DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;
+  repeated EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;
+
+  message ExtensionRange {
+    optional int32 start = 1;
+    optional int32 end = 2;
+  }
+  repeated ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;
+
+  optional MessageOptions options = 7;
+}
+
+// Describes a field within a message.
+message FieldDescriptorProto {
+  enum Type {
+    // 0 is reserved for errors.
+    // Order is weird for historical reasons.
+    TYPE_DOUBLE         = 1;
+    TYPE_FLOAT          = 2;
+    // Not ZigZag encoded.  Negative numbers take 10 bytes.  Use TYPE_SINT64 if
+    // negative values are likely.
+    TYPE_INT64          = 3;
+    TYPE_UINT64         = 4;
+    // Not ZigZag encoded.  Negative numbers take 10 bytes.  Use TYPE_SINT32 if
+    // negative values are likely.
+    TYPE_INT32          = 5;
+    TYPE_FIXED64        = 6;
+    TYPE_FIXED32        = 7;
+    TYPE_BOOL           = 8;
+    TYPE_STRING         = 9;
+    TYPE_GROUP          = 10;  // Tag-delimited aggregate.
+    TYPE_MESSAGE        = 11;  // Length-delimited aggregate.
+
+    // New in version 2.
+    TYPE_BYTES          = 12;
+    TYPE_UINT32         = 13;
+    TYPE_ENUM           = 14;
+    TYPE_SFIXED32       = 15;
+    TYPE_SFIXED64       = 16;
+    TYPE_SINT32         = 17;  // Uses ZigZag encoding.
+    TYPE_SINT64         = 18;  // Uses ZigZag encoding.
+  };
+
+  enum Label {
+    // 0 is reserved for errors
+    LABEL_OPTIONAL      = 1;
+    LABEL_REQUIRED      = 2;
+    LABEL_REPEATED      = 3;
+    // TODO(sanjay): Should we add LABEL_MAP?
+  };
+
+  optional string name = 1;
+  optional int32 number = 3;
+  optional Label label = 4;
+
+  // If type_name is set, this need not be set.  If both this and type_name
+  // are set, this must be either TYPE_ENUM or TYPE_MESSAGE.
+  optional Type type = 5;
+
+  // For message and enum types, this is the name of the type.  If the name
+  // starts with a '.', it is fully-qualified.  Otherwise, C++-like scoping
+  // rules are used to find the type (i.e. first the nested types within this
+  // message are searched, then within the parent, on up to the root
+  // namespace).
+  optional string type_name = 6;
+
+  // For extensions, this is the name of the type being extended.  It is
+  // resolved in the same manner as type_name.
+  optional string extendee = 2;
+
+  // For numeric types, contains the original text representation of the value.
+  // For booleans, "true" or "false".
+  // For strings, contains the default text contents (not escaped in any way).
+  // For bytes, contains the C escaped value.  All bytes >= 128 are escaped.
+  // TODO(kenton):  Base-64 encode?
+  optional string default_value = 7;
+
+  optional FieldOptions options = 8;
+}
+
+// Describes an enum type.
+message EnumDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+
+  repeated EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;
+
+  optional EnumOptions options = 3;
+}
+
+// Describes a value within an enum.
+message EnumValueDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+  optional int32 number = 2;
+
+  optional EnumValueOptions options = 3;
+}
+
+// Describes a service.
+message ServiceDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+  repeated MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;
+
+  optional ServiceOptions options = 3;
+}
+
+// Describes a method of a service.
+message MethodDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+
+  // Input and output type names.  These are resolved in the same way as
+  // FieldDescriptorProto.type_name, but must refer to a message type.
+  optional string input_type = 2;
+  optional string output_type = 3;
+
+  optional MethodOptions options = 4;
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Options
+
+// Each of the definitions above may have "options" attached.  These are
+// just annotations which may cause code to be generated slightly differently
+// or may contain hints for code that manipulates protocol messages.
+//
+// Clients may define custom options as extensions of the *Options messages.
+// These extensions may not yet be known at parsing time, so the parser cannot
+// store the values in them.  Instead it stores them in a field in the *Options
+// message called uninterpreted_option. This field must have the same name
+// across all *Options messages. We then use this field to populate the
+// extensions when we build a descriptor, at which point all protos have been
+// parsed and so all extensions are known.
+//
+// Extension numbers for custom options may be chosen as follows:
+// * For options which will only be used within a single application or
+//   organization, or for experimental options, use field numbers 50000
+//   through 99999.  It is up to you to ensure that you do not use the
+//   same number for multiple options.
+// * For options which will be published and used publicly by multiple
+//   independent entities, e-mail protobuf-global-extension-registry@google.com
+//   to reserve extension numbers. Simply provide your project name (e.g.
+//   Object-C plugin) and your porject website (if available) -- there's no need
+//   to explain how you intend to use them. Usually you only need one extension
+//   number. You can declare multiple options with only one extension number by
+//   putting them in a sub-message. See the Custom Options section of the docs
+//   for examples:
+//   http://code.google.com/apis/protocolbuffers/docs/proto.html#options
+//   If this turns out to be popular, a web service will be set up
+//   to automatically assign option numbers.
+
+
+message FileOptions {
+
+  // Sets the Java package where classes generated from this .proto will be
+  // placed.  By default, the proto package is used, but this is often
+  // inappropriate because proto packages do not normally start with backwards
+  // domain names.
+  optional string java_package = 1;
+
+
+  // If set, all the classes from the .proto file are wrapped in a single
+  // outer class with the given name.  This applies to both Proto1
+  // (equivalent to the old "--one_java_file" option) and Proto2 (where
+  // a .proto always translates to a single class, but you may want to
+  // explicitly choose the class name).
+  optional string java_outer_classname = 8;
+
+  // If set true, then the Java code generator will generate a separate .java
+  // file for each top-level message, enum, and service defined in the .proto
+  // file.  Thus, these types will *not* be nested inside the outer class
+  // named by java_outer_classname.  However, the outer class will still be
+  // generated to contain the file's getDescriptor() method as well as any
+  // top-level extensions defined in the file.
+  optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default=false];
+
+  // If set true, then the Java code generator will generate equals() and
+  // hashCode() methods for all messages defined in the .proto file. This is
+  // purely a speed optimization, as the AbstractMessage base class includes
+  // reflection-based implementations of these methods.
+  optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [default=false];
+
+  // Generated classes can be optimized for speed or code size.
+  enum OptimizeMode {
+    SPEED = 1;        // Generate complete code for parsing, serialization,
+                      // etc.
+    CODE_SIZE = 2;    // Use ReflectionOps to implement these methods.
+    LITE_RUNTIME = 3; // Generate code using MessageLite and the lite runtime.
+  }
+  optional OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default=SPEED];
+
+  // Sets the Go package where structs generated from this .proto will be
+  // placed.  There is no default.
+  optional string go_package = 11;
+
+
+
+  // Should generic services be generated in each language?  "Generic" services
+  // are not specific to any particular RPC system.  They are generated by the
+  // main code generators in each language (without additional plugins).
+  // Generic services were the only kind of service generation supported by
+  // early versions of proto2.
+  //
+  // Generic services are now considered deprecated in favor of using plugins
+  // that generate code specific to your particular RPC system.  Therefore,
+  // these default to false.  Old code which depends on generic services should
+  // explicitly set them to true.
+  optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default=false];
+  optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default=false];
+  optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default=false];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message MessageOptions {
+  // Set true to use the old proto1 MessageSet wire format for extensions.
+  // This is provided for backwards-compatibility with the MessageSet wire
+  // format.  You should not use this for any other reason:  It's less
+  // efficient, has fewer features, and is more complicated.
+  //
+  // The message must be defined exactly as follows:
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  //     extensions 4 to max;
+  //   }
+  // Note that the message cannot have any defined fields; MessageSets only
+  // have extensions.
+  //
+  // All extensions of your type must be singular messages; e.g. they cannot
+  // be int32s, enums, or repeated messages.
+  //
+  // Because this is an option, the above two restrictions are not enforced by
+  // the protocol compiler.
+  optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default=false];
+
+  // Disables the generation of the standard "descriptor()" accessor, which can
+  // conflict with a field of the same name.  This is meant to make migration
+  // from proto1 easier; new code should avoid fields named "descriptor".
+  optional bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor = 2 [default=false];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message FieldOptions {
+  // The ctype option instructs the C++ code generator to use a different
+  // representation of the field than it normally would.  See the specific
+  // options below.  This option is not yet implemented in the open source
+  // release -- sorry, we'll try to include it in a future version!
+  optional CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];
+  enum CType {
+    // Default mode.
+    STRING = 0;
+
+    CORD = 1;
+
+    STRING_PIECE = 2;
+  }
+  // The packed option can be enabled for repeated primitive fields to enable
+  // a more efficient representation on the wire. Rather than repeatedly
+  // writing the tag and type for each element, the entire array is encoded as
+  // a single length-delimited blob.
+  optional bool packed = 2;
+
+
+
+  // Should this field be parsed lazily?  Lazy applies only to message-type
+  // fields.  It means that when the outer message is initially parsed, the
+  // inner message's contents will not be parsed but instead stored in encoded
+  // form.  The inner message will actually be parsed when it is first accessed.
+  //
+  // This is only a hint.  Implementations are free to choose whether to use
+  // eager or lazy parsing regardless of the value of this option.  However,
+  // setting this option true suggests that the protocol author believes that
+  // using lazy parsing on this field is worth the additional bookkeeping
+  // overhead typically needed to implement it.
+  //
+  // This option does not affect the public interface of any generated code;
+  // all method signatures remain the same.  Furthermore, thread-safety of the
+  // interface is not affected by this option; const methods remain safe to
+  // call from multiple threads concurrently, while non-const methods continue
+  // to require exclusive access.
+  //
+  //
+  // Note that implementations may choose not to check required fields within
+  // a lazy sub-message.  That is, calling IsInitialized() on the outher message
+  // may return true even if the inner message has missing required fields.
+  // This is necessary because otherwise the inner message would have to be
+  // parsed in order to perform the check, defeating the purpose of lazy
+  // parsing.  An implementation which chooses not to check required fields
+  // must be consistent about it.  That is, for any particular sub-message, the
+  // implementation must either *always* check its required fields, or *never*
+  // check its required fields, regardless of whether or not the message has
+  // been parsed.
+  optional bool lazy = 5 [default=false];
+
+  // Is this field deprecated?
+  // Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+  // for accessors, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+  // is a formalization for deprecating fields.
+  optional bool deprecated = 3 [default=false];
+
+  // EXPERIMENTAL.  DO NOT USE.
+  // For "map" fields, the name of the field in the enclosed type that
+  // is the key for this map.  For example, suppose we have:
+  //   message Item {
+  //     required string name = 1;
+  //     required string value = 2;
+  //   }
+  //   message Config {
+  //     repeated Item items = 1 [experimental_map_key="name"];
+  //   }
+  // In this situation, the map key for Item will be set to "name".
+  // TODO: Fully-implement this, then remove the "experimental_" prefix.
+  optional string experimental_map_key = 9;
+
+  // For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+  optional bool weak = 10 [default=false];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message EnumOptions {
+
+  // Set this option to false to disallow mapping different tag names to a same
+  // value.
+  optional bool allow_alias = 2 [default=true];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message EnumValueOptions {
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message ServiceOptions {
+
+  // Note:  Field numbers 1 through 32 are reserved for Google's internal RPC
+  //   framework.  We apologize for hoarding these numbers to ourselves, but
+  //   we were already using them long before we decided to release Protocol
+  //   Buffers.
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message MethodOptions {
+
+  // Note:  Field numbers 1 through 32 are reserved for Google's internal RPC
+  //   framework.  We apologize for hoarding these numbers to ourselves, but
+  //   we were already using them long before we decided to release Protocol
+  //   Buffers.
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+
+// A message representing a option the parser does not recognize. This only
+// appears in options protos created by the compiler::Parser class.
+// DescriptorPool resolves these when building Descriptor objects. Therefore,
+// options protos in descriptor objects (e.g. returned by Descriptor::options(),
+// or produced by Descriptor::CopyTo()) will never have UninterpretedOptions
+// in them.
+message UninterpretedOption {
+  // The name of the uninterpreted option.  Each string represents a segment in
+  // a dot-separated name.  is_extension is true iff a segment represents an
+  // extension (denoted with parentheses in options specs in .proto files).
+  // E.g.,{ ["foo", false], ["bar.baz", true], ["qux", false] } represents
+  // "foo.(bar.baz).qux".
+  message NamePart {
+    required string name_part = 1;
+    required bool is_extension = 2;
+  }
+  repeated NamePart name = 2;
+
+  // The value of the uninterpreted option, in whatever type the tokenizer
+  // identified it as during parsing. Exactly one of these should be set.
+  optional string identifier_value = 3;
+  optional uint64 positive_int_value = 4;
+  optional int64 negative_int_value = 5;
+  optional double double_value = 6;
+  optional bytes string_value = 7;
+  optional string aggregate_value = 8;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Optional source code info
+
+// Encapsulates information about the original source file from which a
+// FileDescriptorProto was generated.
+message SourceCodeInfo {
+  // A Location identifies a piece of source code in a .proto file which
+  // corresponds to a particular definition.  This information is intended
+  // to be useful to IDEs, code indexers, documentation generators, and similar
+  // tools.
+  //
+  // For example, say we have a file like:
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     optional string foo = 1;
+  //   }
+  // Let's look at just the field definition:
+  //   optional string foo = 1;
+  //   ^       ^^     ^^  ^  ^^^
+  //   a       bc     de  f  ghi
+  // We have the following locations:
+  //   span   path               represents
+  //   [a,i)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0 ]     The whole field definition.
+  //   [a,b)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 4 ]  The label (optional).
+  //   [c,d)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 5 ]  The type (string).
+  //   [e,f)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 1 ]  The name (foo).
+  //   [g,h)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 3 ]  The number (1).
+  //
+  // Notes:
+  // - A location may refer to a repeated field itself (i.e. not to any
+  //   particular index within it).  This is used whenever a set of elements are
+  //   logically enclosed in a single code segment.  For example, an entire
+  //   extend block (possibly containing multiple extension definitions) will
+  //   have an outer location whose path refers to the "extensions" repeated
+  //   field without an index.
+  // - Multiple locations may have the same path.  This happens when a single
+  //   logical declaration is spread out across multiple places.  The most
+  //   obvious example is the "extend" block again -- there may be multiple
+  //   extend blocks in the same scope, each of which will have the same path.
+  // - A location's span is not always a subset of its parent's span.  For
+  //   example, the "extendee" of an extension declaration appears at the
+  //   beginning of the "extend" block and is shared by all extensions within
+  //   the block.
+  // - Just because a location's span is a subset of some other location's span
+  //   does not mean that it is a descendent.  For example, a "group" defines
+  //   both a type and a field in a single declaration.  Thus, the locations
+  //   corresponding to the type and field and their components will overlap.
+  // - Code which tries to interpret locations should probably be designed to
+  //   ignore those that it doesn't understand, as more types of locations could
+  //   be recorded in the future.
+  repeated Location location = 1;
+  message Location {
+    // Identifies which part of the FileDescriptorProto was defined at this
+    // location.
+    //
+    // Each element is a field number or an index.  They form a path from
+    // the root FileDescriptorProto to the place where the definition.  For
+    // example, this path:
+    //   [ 4, 3, 2, 7, 1 ]
+    // refers to:
+    //   file.message_type(3)  // 4, 3
+    //       .field(7)         // 2, 7
+    //       .name()           // 1
+    // This is because FileDescriptorProto.message_type has field number 4:
+    //   repeated DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+    // and DescriptorProto.field has field number 2:
+    //   repeated FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+    // and FieldDescriptorProto.name has field number 1:
+    //   optional string name = 1;
+    //
+    // Thus, the above path gives the location of a field name.  If we removed
+    // the last element:
+    //   [ 4, 3, 2, 7 ]
+    // this path refers to the whole field declaration (from the beginning
+    // of the label to the terminating semicolon).
+    repeated int32 path = 1 [packed=true];
+
+    // Always has exactly three or four elements: start line, start column,
+    // end line (optional, otherwise assumed same as start line), end column.
+    // These are packed into a single field for efficiency.  Note that line
+    // and column numbers are zero-based -- typically you will want to add
+    // 1 to each before displaying to a user.
+    repeated int32 span = 2 [packed=true];
+
+    // If this SourceCodeInfo represents a complete declaration, these are any
+    // comments appearing before and after the declaration which appear to be
+    // attached to the declaration.
+    //
+    // A series of line comments appearing on consecutive lines, with no other
+    // tokens appearing on those lines, will be treated as a single comment.
+    //
+    // Only the comment content is provided; comment markers (e.g. //) are
+    // stripped out.  For block comments, leading whitespace and an asterisk
+    // will be stripped from the beginning of each line other than the first.
+    // Newlines are included in the output.
+    //
+    // Examples:
+    //
+    //   optional int32 foo = 1;  // Comment attached to foo.
+    //   // Comment attached to bar.
+    //   optional int32 bar = 2;
+    //
+    //   optional string baz = 3;
+    //   // Comment attached to baz.
+    //   // Another line attached to baz.
+    //
+    //   // Comment attached to qux.
+    //   //
+    //   // Another line attached to qux.
+    //   optional double qux = 4;
+    //
+    //   optional string corge = 5;
+    //   /* Block comment attached
+    //    * to corge.  Leading asterisks
+    //    * will be removed. */
+    //   /* Block comment attached to
+    //    * grault. */
+    //   optional int32 grault = 6;
+    optional string leading_comments = 3;
+    optional string trailing_comments = 4;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6eb2d86f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,719 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file we will use for unit testing.
+
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// Protos optimized for SPEED use a strict superset of the generated code
+// of equivalent ones optimized for CODE_SIZE, so we should optimize all our
+// tests for speed unless explicitly testing code size optimization.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option java_outer_classname = "UnittestProto";
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    optional int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage                        optional_nested_message  = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage optional_import_message  = 20;
+
+  optional NestedEnum                           optional_nested_enum     = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    optional_import_enum     = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+      optional_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  optional NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated NestedMessage                        repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage repeated_import_message  = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum                           repeated_nested_enum     = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    repeated_import_enum     = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32 = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64 = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional NestedEnum  default_nested_enum  = 81 [default = BAR        ];
+  optional ForeignEnum default_foreign_enum = 82 [default = FOREIGN_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+      default_import_enum = 83 [default = IMPORT_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord = 85 [ctype=CORD,default="123"];
+}
+
+message TestDeprecatedFields {
+  optional int32 deprecated_int32 = 1 [deprecated=true];
+}
+
+// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+// that.
+message ForeignMessage {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+message TestAllExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensions {
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32_extension    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64_extension    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32_extension   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64_extension   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32_extension   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64_extension   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32_extension  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64_extension  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32_extension =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64_extension = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float_extension    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double_extension   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool_extension     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string_extension   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes_extension    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup_extension = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage optional_nested_message_extension = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessage optional_foreign_message_extension = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage
+    optional_import_message_extension = 20;
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedEnum optional_nested_enum_extension = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnum optional_foreign_enum_extension = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+    optional_import_enum_extension = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece_extension = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord_extension = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+    optional_public_import_message_extension = 26;
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage
+    optional_lazy_message_extension = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32_extension    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64_extension    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32_extension   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64_extension   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32_extension   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64_extension   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32_extension  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64_extension  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32_extension = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64_extension = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float_extension    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double_extension   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool_extension     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string_extension   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes_extension    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup_extension = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedMessage repeated_nested_message_extension = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage repeated_foreign_message_extension = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage
+    repeated_import_message_extension = 50;
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum_extension = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum repeated_foreign_enum_extension = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+    repeated_import_enum_extension = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece_extension = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord_extension = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedMessage
+    repeated_lazy_message_extension = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32_extension    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64_extension    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32_extension   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64_extension   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32_extension   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64_extension   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32_extension  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64_extension  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32_extension = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64_extension = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float_extension    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double_extension   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool_extension     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string_extension   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes_extension    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedEnum
+    default_nested_enum_extension = 81 [default = BAR];
+  optional ForeignEnum
+    default_foreign_enum_extension = 82 [default = FOREIGN_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+    default_import_enum_extension = 83 [default = IMPORT_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece_extension = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,
+                                                       default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord_extension = 85 [ctype=CORD, default="123"];
+}
+
+message TestNestedExtension {
+  extend TestAllExtensions {
+    // Check for bug where string extensions declared in tested scope did not
+    // compile.
+    optional string test = 1002 [default="test"];
+  }
+}
+
+// We have separate messages for testing required fields because it's
+// annoying to have to fill in required fields in TestProto in order to
+// do anything with it.  Note that we don't need to test every type of
+// required filed because the code output is basically identical to
+// optional fields for all types.
+message TestRequired {
+  required int32 a = 1;
+  optional int32 dummy2 = 2;
+  required int32 b = 3;
+
+  extend TestAllExtensions {
+    optional TestRequired single = 1000;
+    repeated TestRequired multi  = 1001;
+  }
+
+  // Pad the field count to 32 so that we can test that IsInitialized()
+  // properly checks multiple elements of has_bits_.
+  optional int32 dummy4  =  4;
+  optional int32 dummy5  =  5;
+  optional int32 dummy6  =  6;
+  optional int32 dummy7  =  7;
+  optional int32 dummy8  =  8;
+  optional int32 dummy9  =  9;
+  optional int32 dummy10 = 10;
+  optional int32 dummy11 = 11;
+  optional int32 dummy12 = 12;
+  optional int32 dummy13 = 13;
+  optional int32 dummy14 = 14;
+  optional int32 dummy15 = 15;
+  optional int32 dummy16 = 16;
+  optional int32 dummy17 = 17;
+  optional int32 dummy18 = 18;
+  optional int32 dummy19 = 19;
+  optional int32 dummy20 = 20;
+  optional int32 dummy21 = 21;
+  optional int32 dummy22 = 22;
+  optional int32 dummy23 = 23;
+  optional int32 dummy24 = 24;
+  optional int32 dummy25 = 25;
+  optional int32 dummy26 = 26;
+  optional int32 dummy27 = 27;
+  optional int32 dummy28 = 28;
+  optional int32 dummy29 = 29;
+  optional int32 dummy30 = 30;
+  optional int32 dummy31 = 31;
+  optional int32 dummy32 = 32;
+
+  required int32 c = 33;
+}
+
+message TestRequiredForeign {
+  optional TestRequired optional_message = 1;
+  repeated TestRequired repeated_message = 2;
+  optional int32 dummy = 3;
+}
+
+// Test that we can use NestedMessage from outside TestAllTypes.
+message TestForeignNested {
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage foreign_nested = 1;
+}
+
+// TestEmptyMessage is used to test unknown field support.
+message TestEmptyMessage {
+}
+
+// Like above, but declare all field numbers as potential extensions.  No
+// actual extensions should ever be defined for this type.
+message TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message TestMultipleExtensionRanges {
+  extensions 42;
+  extensions 4143 to 4243;
+  extensions 65536 to max;
+}
+
+// Test that really large tag numbers don't break anything.
+message TestReallyLargeTagNumber {
+  // The largest possible tag number is 2^28 - 1, since the wire format uses
+  // three bits to communicate wire type.
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional int32 bb = 268435455;
+}
+
+message TestRecursiveMessage {
+  optional TestRecursiveMessage a = 1;
+  optional int32 i = 2;
+}
+
+// Test that mutual recursion works.
+message TestMutualRecursionA {
+  optional TestMutualRecursionB bb = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMutualRecursionB {
+  optional TestMutualRecursionA a = 1;
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 2;
+}
+
+// Test that groups have disjoint field numbers from their siblings and
+// parents.  This is NOT possible in proto1; only proto2.  When attempting
+// to compile with proto1, this will emit an error; so we only include it
+// in protobuf_unittest_proto.
+message TestDupFieldNumber {                        // NO_PROTO1
+  optional int32 a = 1;                             // NO_PROTO1
+  optional group Foo = 2 { optional int32 a = 1; }  // NO_PROTO1
+  optional group Bar = 3 { optional int32 a = 1; }  // NO_PROTO1
+}                                                   // NO_PROTO1
+
+// Additional messages for testing lazy fields.
+message TestEagerMessage {
+  optional TestAllTypes sub_message = 1 [lazy=false];
+}
+message TestLazyMessage {
+  optional TestAllTypes sub_message = 1 [lazy=true];
+}
+
+// Needed for a Python test.
+message TestNestedMessageHasBits {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    repeated int32 nestedmessage_repeated_int32 = 1;
+    repeated ForeignMessage nestedmessage_repeated_foreignmessage = 2;
+  }
+  optional NestedMessage optional_nested_message = 1;
+}
+
+
+// Test an enum that has multiple values with the same number.
+enum TestEnumWithDupValue {
+  option allow_alias = true;
+  FOO1 = 1;
+  BAR1 = 2;
+  BAZ = 3;
+  FOO2 = 1;
+  BAR2 = 2;
+}
+
+// Test an enum with large, unordered values.
+enum TestSparseEnum {
+  SPARSE_A = 123;
+  SPARSE_B = 62374;
+  SPARSE_C = 12589234;
+  SPARSE_D = -15;
+  SPARSE_E = -53452;
+  SPARSE_F = 0;
+  SPARSE_G = 2;
+}
+
+// Test message with CamelCase field names.  This violates Protocol Buffer
+// standard style.
+message TestCamelCaseFieldNames {
+  optional int32 PrimitiveField = 1;
+  optional string StringField = 2;
+  optional ForeignEnum EnumField = 3;
+  optional ForeignMessage MessageField = 4;
+  optional string StringPieceField = 5 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string CordField = 6 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated int32 RepeatedPrimitiveField = 7;
+  repeated string RepeatedStringField = 8;
+  repeated ForeignEnum RepeatedEnumField = 9;
+  repeated ForeignMessage RepeatedMessageField = 10;
+  repeated string RepeatedStringPieceField = 11 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string RepeatedCordField = 12 [ctype=CORD];
+}
+
+
+// We list fields out of order, to ensure that we're using field number and not
+// field index to determine serialization order.
+message TestFieldOrderings {
+  optional string my_string = 11;
+  extensions 2 to 10;
+  optional int64 my_int = 1;
+  extensions 12 to 100;
+  optional float my_float = 101;
+}
+
+
+extend TestFieldOrderings {
+  optional string my_extension_string = 50;
+  optional int32 my_extension_int = 5;
+}
+
+
+message TestExtremeDefaultValues {
+  optional bytes escaped_bytes = 1 [default = "\0\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'\"\xfe"];
+  optional uint32 large_uint32 = 2 [default = 0xFFFFFFFF];
+  optional uint64 large_uint64 = 3 [default = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF];
+  optional  int32 small_int32  = 4 [default = -0x7FFFFFFF];
+  optional  int64 small_int64  = 5 [default = -0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF];
+  optional  int32 really_small_int32 = 21 [default = -0x80000000];
+  optional  int64 really_small_int64 = 22 [default = -0x8000000000000000];
+
+  // The default value here is UTF-8 for "\u1234".  (We could also just type
+  // the UTF-8 text directly into this text file rather than escape it, but
+  // lots of people use editors that would be confused by this.)
+  optional string utf8_string = 6 [default = "\341\210\264"];
+
+  // Tests for single-precision floating-point values.
+  optional float zero_float = 7 [default = 0];
+  optional float one_float = 8 [default = 1];
+  optional float small_float = 9 [default = 1.5];
+  optional float negative_one_float = 10 [default = -1];
+  optional float negative_float = 11 [default = -1.5];
+  // Using exponents
+  optional float large_float = 12 [default = 2E8];
+  optional float small_negative_float = 13 [default = -8e-28];
+
+  // Text for nonfinite floating-point values.
+  optional double inf_double = 14 [default = inf];
+  optional double neg_inf_double = 15 [default = -inf];
+  optional double nan_double = 16 [default = nan];
+  optional float inf_float = 17 [default = inf];
+  optional float neg_inf_float = 18 [default = -inf];
+  optional float nan_float = 19 [default = nan];
+
+  // Tests for C++ trigraphs.
+  // Trigraphs should be escaped in C++ generated files, but they should not be
+  // escaped for other languages.
+  // Note that in .proto file, "\?" is a valid way to escape ? in string
+  // literals.
+  optional string cpp_trigraph = 20 [default = "? \? ?? \?? \??? ??/ ?\?-"];
+
+  // String defaults containing the character '\000'
+  optional string string_with_zero       = 23 [default = "hel\000lo"];
+  optional  bytes bytes_with_zero        = 24 [default = "wor\000ld"];
+  optional string string_piece_with_zero = 25 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,
+                                               default="ab\000c"];
+  optional string cord_with_zero         = 26 [ctype=CORD,
+                                               default="12\0003"];
+}
+
+message SparseEnumMessage {
+  optional TestSparseEnum sparse_enum = 1;
+}
+
+// Test String and Bytes: string is for valid UTF-8 strings
+message OneString {
+  optional string data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreString {
+  repeated string data = 1;
+}
+
+message OneBytes {
+  optional bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreBytes {
+  repeated bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+
+// Test messages for packed fields
+
+message TestPackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// A message with the same fields as TestPackedTypes, but without packing. Used
+// to test packed <-> unpacked wire compatibility.
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 unpacked_int32    =  90 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 unpacked_int64    =  91 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 unpacked_uint32   =  92 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 unpacked_uint64   =  93 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 unpacked_sint32   =  94 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 unpacked_sint64   =  95 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 unpacked_fixed32  =  96 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 unpacked_fixed64  =  97 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 unpacked_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 unpacked_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float unpacked_float    = 100 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double unpacked_double   = 101 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool unpacked_bool     = 102 [packed = false];
+  repeated ForeignEnum unpacked_enum  = 103 [packed = false];
+}
+
+message TestPackedExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestPackedExtensions {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32_extension    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64_extension    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32_extension   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64_extension   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32_extension   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64_extension   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32_extension  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64_extension  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32_extension =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64_extension =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float_extension    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double_extension   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool_extension     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum_extension  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// Used by ExtensionSetTest/DynamicExtensions.  The test actually builds
+// a set of extensions to TestAllExtensions dynamically, based on the fields
+// of this message type.
+message TestDynamicExtensions {
+  enum DynamicEnumType {
+    DYNAMIC_FOO = 2200;
+    DYNAMIC_BAR = 2201;
+    DYNAMIC_BAZ = 2202;
+  }
+  message DynamicMessageType {
+    optional int32 dynamic_field = 2100;
+  }
+
+  optional fixed32 scalar_extension = 2000;
+  optional ForeignEnum enum_extension = 2001;
+  optional DynamicEnumType dynamic_enum_extension = 2002;
+
+  optional ForeignMessage message_extension = 2003;
+  optional DynamicMessageType dynamic_message_extension = 2004;
+
+  repeated string repeated_extension = 2005;
+  repeated sint32 packed_extension = 2006 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes {
+  // Parsing repeated fixed size values used to fail. This message needs to be
+  // used in order to get a tag of the right size; all of the repeated fields
+  // in TestAllTypes didn't trigger the check.
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 12;
+  // Check for a varint type, just for good measure.
+  repeated int32   repeated_int32   = 13;
+
+  // These have two-byte tags.
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 2046;
+  repeated int64   repeated_int64   = 2047;
+
+  // Three byte tags.
+  repeated float   repeated_float   = 262142;
+  repeated uint64  repeated_uint64  = 262143;
+}
+
+// Test that if an optional or required message/group field appears multiple
+// times in the input, they need to be merged.
+message TestParsingMerge {
+  // RepeatedFieldsGenerator defines matching field types as TestParsingMerge,
+  // except that all fields are repeated. In the tests, we will serialize the
+  // RepeatedFieldsGenerator to bytes, and parse the bytes to TestParsingMerge.
+  // Repeated fields in RepeatedFieldsGenerator are expected to be merged into
+  // the corresponding required/optional fields in TestParsingMerge.
+  message RepeatedFieldsGenerator {
+    repeated TestAllTypes field1 = 1;
+    repeated TestAllTypes field2 = 2;
+    repeated TestAllTypes field3 = 3;
+    repeated group Group1 = 10 {
+      optional TestAllTypes field1 = 11;
+    }
+    repeated group Group2 = 20 {
+      optional TestAllTypes field1 = 21;
+    }
+    repeated TestAllTypes ext1 = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypes ext2 = 1001;
+  }
+  required TestAllTypes required_all_types = 1;
+  optional TestAllTypes optional_all_types = 2;
+  repeated TestAllTypes repeated_all_types = 3;
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 10 {
+    optional TestAllTypes optional_group_all_types = 11;
+  }
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 20 {
+    optional TestAllTypes repeated_group_all_types = 21;
+  }
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+  extend TestParsingMerge {
+    optional TestAllTypes optional_ext = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypes repeated_ext = 1001;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestCommentInjectionMessage {
+  // */ <- This should not close the generated doc comment
+  optional string a = 1 [default="*/ <- Neither should this."];
+}
+
+
+// Test that RPC services work.
+message FooRequest  {}
+message FooResponse {}
+
+message FooClientMessage {}
+message FooServerMessage{}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Foo(FooRequest) returns (FooResponse);
+  rpc Bar(BarRequest) returns (BarResponse);
+}
+
+
+message BarRequest  {}
+message BarResponse {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e591d2944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: benjy@google.com (Benjy Weinberger)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file used to test the "custom options" feature of proto2.
+
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;
+
+// A custom file option (defined below).
+option (file_opt1) = 9876543210;
+
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+
+// Some simple test custom options of various types.
+
+extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+  optional uint64 file_opt1 = 7736974;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  optional int32 message_opt1 = 7739036;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
+  optional fixed64 field_opt1 = 7740936;
+  // This is useful for testing that we correctly register default values for
+  // extension options.
+  optional int32 field_opt2 = 7753913 [default=42];
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.EnumOptions {
+  optional sfixed32 enum_opt1 = 7753576;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions {
+  optional int32 enum_value_opt1 = 1560678;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.ServiceOptions {
+  optional sint64 service_opt1 = 7887650;
+}
+
+enum MethodOpt1 {
+  METHODOPT1_VAL1 = 1;
+  METHODOPT1_VAL2 = 2;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MethodOptions {
+  optional MethodOpt1 method_opt1 = 7890860;
+}
+
+// A test message with custom options at all possible locations (and also some
+// regular options, to make sure they interact nicely).
+message TestMessageWithCustomOptions {
+  option message_set_wire_format = false;
+
+  option (message_opt1) = -56;
+
+  optional string field1 = 1 [ctype=CORD,
+                              (field_opt1)=8765432109];
+
+  enum AnEnum {
+    option (enum_opt1) = -789;
+
+    ANENUM_VAL1 = 1;
+    ANENUM_VAL2 = 2 [(enum_value_opt1) = 123];
+  }
+}
+
+
+// A test RPC service with custom options at all possible locations (and also
+// some regular options, to make sure they interact nicely).
+message CustomOptionFooRequest {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooResponse {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooClientMessage {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooServerMessage {
+}
+
+service TestServiceWithCustomOptions {
+  option (service_opt1) = -9876543210;
+
+  rpc Foo(CustomOptionFooRequest) returns (CustomOptionFooResponse) {
+    option (method_opt1) = METHODOPT1_VAL2;
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+// Options of every possible field type, so we can test them all exhaustively.
+
+message DummyMessageContainingEnum {
+  enum TestEnumType {
+    TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE1 = 22;
+    TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE2 = -23;
+  }
+}
+
+message DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType {
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  optional         bool     bool_opt = 7706090;
+  optional        int32    int32_opt = 7705709;
+  optional        int64    int64_opt = 7705542;
+  optional       uint32   uint32_opt = 7704880;
+  optional       uint64   uint64_opt = 7702367;
+  optional       sint32   sint32_opt = 7701568;
+  optional       sint64   sint64_opt = 7700863;
+  optional      fixed32  fixed32_opt = 7700307;
+  optional      fixed64  fixed64_opt = 7700194;
+  optional     sfixed32 sfixed32_opt = 7698645;
+  optional     sfixed64 sfixed64_opt = 7685475;
+  optional        float    float_opt = 7675390;
+  optional       double   double_opt = 7673293;
+  optional       string   string_opt = 7673285;
+  optional        bytes    bytes_opt = 7673238;
+  optional DummyMessageContainingEnum.TestEnumType enum_opt = 7673233;
+  optional DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType message_type_opt = 7665967;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionMinIntegerValues {
+  option     (bool_opt) = false;
+  option    (int32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option    (int64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+  option   (uint32_opt) = 0;
+  option   (uint64_opt) = 0;
+  option   (sint32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option   (sint64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+  option  (fixed32_opt) = 0;
+  option  (fixed64_opt) = 0;
+  option (sfixed32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option (sfixed64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues {
+  option     (bool_opt) = true;
+  option    (int32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option    (int64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (uint32_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (uint64_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (sint32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option   (sint64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option  (fixed32_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  option  (fixed64_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option (sfixed32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option (sfixed64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionOtherValues {
+  option  (int32_opt) = -100;  // To test sign-extension.
+  option  (float_opt) = 12.3456789;
+  option (double_opt) = 1.234567890123456789;
+  option (string_opt) = "Hello, \"World\"";
+  option  (bytes_opt) = "Hello\0World";
+  option   (enum_opt) = TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE2;
+}
+
+message SettingRealsFromPositiveInts {
+  option  (float_opt) = 12;
+  option (double_opt) = 154;
+}
+
+message SettingRealsFromNegativeInts {
+  option  (float_opt) = -12;
+  option  (double_opt) = -154;
+}
+
+// Options of complex message types, themselves combined and extended in
+// various ways.
+
+message ComplexOptionType1 {
+  optional int32 foo = 1;
+  optional int32 foo2 = 2;
+  optional int32 foo3 = 3;
+
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message ComplexOptionType2 {
+  optional ComplexOptionType1 bar = 1;
+  optional int32 baz = 2;
+
+  message ComplexOptionType4 {
+    optional int32 waldo = 1;
+
+    extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+      optional ComplexOptionType4 complex_opt4 = 7633546;
+    }
+  }
+
+  optional ComplexOptionType4 fred = 3;
+
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message ComplexOptionType3 {
+  optional int32 qux = 1;
+
+  optional group ComplexOptionType5 = 2 {
+    optional int32 plugh = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+extend ComplexOptionType1 {
+  optional int32 quux = 7663707;
+  optional ComplexOptionType3 corge = 7663442;
+}
+
+extend ComplexOptionType2 {
+  optional int32 grault = 7650927;
+  optional ComplexOptionType1 garply = 7649992;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  optional protobuf_unittest.ComplexOptionType1 complex_opt1 = 7646756;
+  optional ComplexOptionType2 complex_opt2 = 7636949;
+  optional ComplexOptionType3 complex_opt3 = 7636463;
+  optional group ComplexOpt6 = 7595468 {
+    optional int32 xyzzy = 7593951;
+  }
+}
+
+// Note that we try various different ways of naming the same extension.
+message VariousComplexOptions {
+  option (.protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).foo = 42;
+  option (protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).(.protobuf_unittest.quux) = 324;
+  option (.protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).(protobuf_unittest.corge).qux = 876;
+  option (complex_opt2).baz = 987;
+  option (complex_opt2).(grault) = 654;
+  option (complex_opt2).bar.foo = 743;
+  option (complex_opt2).bar.(quux) = 1999;
+  option (complex_opt2).bar.(protobuf_unittest.corge).qux = 2008;
+  option (complex_opt2).(garply).foo = 741;
+  option (complex_opt2).(garply).(.protobuf_unittest.quux) = 1998;
+  option (complex_opt2).(protobuf_unittest.garply).(corge).qux = 2121;
+  option (ComplexOptionType2.ComplexOptionType4.complex_opt4).waldo = 1971;
+  option (complex_opt2).fred.waldo = 321;
+  option (protobuf_unittest.complex_opt3).qux = 9;
+  option (complex_opt3).complexoptiontype5.plugh = 22;
+  option (complexopt6).xyzzy = 24;
+}
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------
+// Definitions for testing aggregate option parsing.
+// See descriptor_unittest.cc.
+
+message AggregateMessageSet {
+  option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  extensions 4 to max;
+}
+
+message AggregateMessageSetElement {
+  extend AggregateMessageSet {
+    optional AggregateMessageSetElement message_set_extension = 15447542;
+  }
+  optional string s = 1;
+}
+
+// A helper type used to test aggregate option parsing
+message Aggregate {
+  optional int32 i = 1;
+  optional string s = 2;
+
+  // A nested object
+  optional Aggregate sub = 3;
+
+  // To test the parsing of extensions inside aggregate values
+  optional google.protobuf.FileOptions file = 4;
+  extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+    optional Aggregate nested = 15476903;
+  }
+
+  // An embedded message set
+  optional AggregateMessageSet mset = 5;
+}
+
+// Allow Aggregate to be used as an option at all possible locations
+// in the .proto grammer.
+extend google.protobuf.FileOptions      { optional Aggregate fileopt    = 15478479; }
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions   { optional Aggregate msgopt     = 15480088; }
+extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions     { optional Aggregate fieldopt   = 15481374; }
+extend google.protobuf.EnumOptions      { optional Aggregate enumopt    = 15483218; }
+extend google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions { optional Aggregate enumvalopt = 15486921; }
+extend google.protobuf.ServiceOptions   { optional Aggregate serviceopt = 15497145; }
+extend google.protobuf.MethodOptions    { optional Aggregate methodopt  = 15512713; }
+
+// Try using AggregateOption at different points in the proto grammar
+option (fileopt) = {
+  s: 'FileAnnotation'
+  // Also test the handling of comments
+  /* of both types */ i: 100
+
+  sub { s: 'NestedFileAnnotation' }
+
+  // Include a google.protobuf.FileOptions and recursively extend it with
+  // another fileopt.
+  file {
+    [protobuf_unittest.fileopt] {
+      s:'FileExtensionAnnotation'
+    }
+  }
+
+  // A message set inside an option value
+  mset {
+    [protobuf_unittest.AggregateMessageSetElement.message_set_extension] {
+      s: 'EmbeddedMessageSetElement'
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+message AggregateMessage {
+  option (msgopt) = { i:101 s:'MessageAnnotation' };
+  optional int32 fieldname = 1 [(fieldopt) = { s:'FieldAnnotation' }];
+}
+
+service AggregateService {
+  option (serviceopt) = { s:'ServiceAnnotation' };
+  rpc Method (AggregateMessage) returns (AggregateMessage) {
+    option (methodopt) = { s:'MethodAnnotation' };
+  }
+}
+
+enum AggregateEnum {
+  option (enumopt) = { s:'EnumAnnotation' };
+  VALUE = 1 [(enumvalopt) = { s:'EnumValueAnnotation' }];
+}
+
+// Test custom options for nested type.
+message NestedOptionType {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    option (message_opt1) = 1001;
+    optional int32 nested_field = 1 [(field_opt1) = 1002];
+  }
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    option (enum_opt1) = 1003;
+    NESTED_ENUM_VALUE = 1 [(enum_value_opt1) = 1004];
+  }
+  extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+    optional int32 nested_extension = 7912573 [(field_opt2) = 1005];
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa1762594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file which imports a proto file that uses optimize_for = CODE_SIZE.
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// We optimize for speed here, but we are importing a proto that is optimized
+// for code size.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+message TestEmbedOptimizedForSize {
+  // Test that embedding a message which has optimize_for = CODE_SIZE into
+  // one optimized for speed works.
+  optional TestOptimizedForSize optional_message = 1;
+  repeated TestOptimizedForSize repeated_message = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_empty.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_empty.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab12d1fb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_empty.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file intentionally left blank.  (At one point this wouldn't compile
+// correctly.)
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc0b7c16a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,1046 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file that has an extremely large descriptor.  Used to test that
+// descriptors over 64k don't break the string literal length limit in Java.
+
+
+package google.protobuf;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+
+// Avoid generating insanely long methods.
+option optimize_for = CODE_SIZE;
+
+message TestEnormousDescriptor {
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_1 = 1 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_2 = 2 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_3 = 3 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_4 = 4 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_5 = 5 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_6 = 6 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_7 = 7 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_8 = 8 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_9 = 9 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_10 = 10 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_11 = 11 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_12 = 12 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_13 = 13 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_14 = 14 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_15 = 15 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_16 = 16 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_17 = 17 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_18 = 18 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_19 = 19 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_20 = 20 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_21 = 21 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_22 = 22 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_23 = 23 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_24 = 24 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_25 = 25 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_26 = 26 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_27 = 27 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_28 = 28 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_29 = 29 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_30 = 30 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_31 = 31 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_32 = 32 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_33 = 33 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_34 = 34 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_35 = 35 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_36 = 36 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_37 = 37 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_38 = 38 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_39 = 39 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_40 = 40 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_41 = 41 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_42 = 42 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_43 = 43 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_44 = 44 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_45 = 45 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_46 = 46 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_47 = 47 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_48 = 48 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_49 = 49 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_50 = 50 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_51 = 51 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_52 = 52 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_53 = 53 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_54 = 54 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_55 = 55 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_56 = 56 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_57 = 57 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_58 = 58 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_59 = 59 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_60 = 60 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_61 = 61 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_62 = 62 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_63 = 63 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_64 = 64 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_65 = 65 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_66 = 66 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_67 = 67 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_68 = 68 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_69 = 69 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_70 = 70 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_71 = 71 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_72 = 72 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_73 = 73 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_74 = 74 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_75 = 75 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_76 = 76 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_77 = 77 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_78 = 78 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_79 = 79 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_80 = 80 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_81 = 81 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_82 = 82 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_83 = 83 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_84 = 84 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_85 = 85 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_86 = 86 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_87 = 87 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_88 = 88 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_89 = 89 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_90 = 90 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_91 = 91 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_92 = 92 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_93 = 93 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_94 = 94 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_95 = 95 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_96 = 96 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_97 = 97 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_98 = 98 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_99 = 99 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_100 = 100 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_101 = 101 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_102 = 102 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_103 = 103 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_104 = 104 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_105 = 105 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_106 = 106 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_107 = 107 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_108 = 108 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_109 = 109 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_110 = 110 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_111 = 111 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_112 = 112 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_113 = 113 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_114 = 114 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_115 = 115 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_116 = 116 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_117 = 117 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_118 = 118 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_119 = 119 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_120 = 120 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_121 = 121 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_122 = 122 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_123 = 123 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_124 = 124 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_125 = 125 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_126 = 126 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_127 = 127 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_128 = 128 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_129 = 129 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_130 = 130 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_131 = 131 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_132 = 132 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_133 = 133 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_134 = 134 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_135 = 135 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_136 = 136 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_137 = 137 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_138 = 138 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_139 = 139 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_140 = 140 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_141 = 141 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_142 = 142 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_143 = 143 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_144 = 144 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_145 = 145 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_146 = 146 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_147 = 147 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_148 = 148 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_149 = 149 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_150 = 150 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_151 = 151 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_152 = 152 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_153 = 153 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_154 = 154 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_155 = 155 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_156 = 156 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_157 = 157 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_158 = 158 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_159 = 159 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_160 = 160 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_161 = 161 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_162 = 162 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_163 = 163 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_164 = 164 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_165 = 165 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_166 = 166 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_167 = 167 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_168 = 168 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_169 = 169 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_170 = 170 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_171 = 171 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_172 = 172 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_173 = 173 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_174 = 174 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_175 = 175 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_176 = 176 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_177 = 177 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_178 = 178 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_179 = 179 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_180 = 180 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_181 = 181 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_182 = 182 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_183 = 183 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_184 = 184 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_185 = 185 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_186 = 186 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_187 = 187 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_188 = 188 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_189 = 189 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_190 = 190 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_191 = 191 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_192 = 192 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_193 = 193 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_194 = 194 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_195 = 195 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_196 = 196 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_197 = 197 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_198 = 198 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_199 = 199 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_200 = 200 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_201 = 201 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_202 = 202 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_203 = 203 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_204 = 204 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_205 = 205 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_206 = 206 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_207 = 207 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_208 = 208 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_209 = 209 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_210 = 210 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_211 = 211 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_212 = 212 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_213 = 213 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_214 = 214 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_215 = 215 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_216 = 216 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_217 = 217 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_218 = 218 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_219 = 219 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_220 = 220 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_221 = 221 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_222 = 222 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_223 = 223 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_224 = 224 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_225 = 225 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_226 = 226 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_227 = 227 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_228 = 228 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_229 = 229 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_230 = 230 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_231 = 231 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_232 = 232 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_233 = 233 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_234 = 234 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_235 = 235 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_236 = 236 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_237 = 237 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_238 = 238 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_239 = 239 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_240 = 240 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_241 = 241 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_242 = 242 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_243 = 243 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_244 = 244 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_245 = 245 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_246 = 246 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_247 = 247 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_248 = 248 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_249 = 249 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_250 = 250 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_251 = 251 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_252 = 252 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_253 = 253 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_254 = 254 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_255 = 255 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_256 = 256 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_257 = 257 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_258 = 258 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_259 = 259 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_260 = 260 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_261 = 261 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_262 = 262 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_263 = 263 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_264 = 264 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_265 = 265 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_266 = 266 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_267 = 267 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_268 = 268 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_269 = 269 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_270 = 270 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_271 = 271 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_272 = 272 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_273 = 273 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_274 = 274 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_275 = 275 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_276 = 276 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_277 = 277 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_278 = 278 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_279 = 279 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_280 = 280 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_281 = 281 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_282 = 282 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_283 = 283 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_284 = 284 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_285 = 285 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_286 = 286 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_287 = 287 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_288 = 288 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_289 = 289 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_290 = 290 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_291 = 291 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_292 = 292 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_293 = 293 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_294 = 294 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_295 = 295 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_296 = 296 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_297 = 297 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_298 = 298 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_299 = 299 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_300 = 300 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_301 = 301 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_302 = 302 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_303 = 303 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_304 = 304 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_305 = 305 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_306 = 306 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_307 = 307 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_308 = 308 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_309 = 309 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_310 = 310 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_311 = 311 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_312 = 312 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_313 = 313 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_314 = 314 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_315 = 315 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_316 = 316 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_317 = 317 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_318 = 318 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_319 = 319 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_320 = 320 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_321 = 321 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_322 = 322 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_323 = 323 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_324 = 324 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_325 = 325 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_326 = 326 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_327 = 327 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_328 = 328 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_329 = 329 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_330 = 330 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_331 = 331 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_332 = 332 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_333 = 333 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_334 = 334 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_335 = 335 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_336 = 336 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_337 = 337 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_338 = 338 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_339 = 339 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_340 = 340 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_341 = 341 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_342 = 342 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_343 = 343 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_344 = 344 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_345 = 345 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_346 = 346 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_347 = 347 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_348 = 348 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_349 = 349 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_350 = 350 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_351 = 351 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_352 = 352 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_353 = 353 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_354 = 354 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_355 = 355 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_356 = 356 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_357 = 357 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_358 = 358 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_359 = 359 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_360 = 360 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_361 = 361 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_362 = 362 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_363 = 363 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_364 = 364 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_365 = 365 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_366 = 366 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_367 = 367 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_368 = 368 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_369 = 369 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_370 = 370 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_371 = 371 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_372 = 372 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_373 = 373 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_374 = 374 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_375 = 375 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_376 = 376 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_377 = 377 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_378 = 378 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_379 = 379 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_380 = 380 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_381 = 381 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_382 = 382 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_383 = 383 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_384 = 384 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_385 = 385 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_386 = 386 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_387 = 387 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_388 = 388 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_389 = 389 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_390 = 390 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_391 = 391 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_392 = 392 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_393 = 393 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_394 = 394 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_395 = 395 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_396 = 396 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_397 = 397 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_398 = 398 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_399 = 399 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_400 = 400 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_401 = 401 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_402 = 402 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_403 = 403 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_404 = 404 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_405 = 405 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_406 = 406 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_407 = 407 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_408 = 408 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_409 = 409 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_410 = 410 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_411 = 411 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_412 = 412 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_413 = 413 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_414 = 414 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_415 = 415 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_416 = 416 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_417 = 417 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_418 = 418 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_419 = 419 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_420 = 420 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_421 = 421 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_422 = 422 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_423 = 423 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_424 = 424 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_425 = 425 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_426 = 426 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_427 = 427 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_428 = 428 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_429 = 429 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_430 = 430 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_431 = 431 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_432 = 432 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_433 = 433 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_434 = 434 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_435 = 435 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_436 = 436 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_437 = 437 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_438 = 438 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_439 = 439 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_440 = 440 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_441 = 441 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_442 = 442 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_443 = 443 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_444 = 444 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_445 = 445 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_446 = 446 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_447 = 447 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_448 = 448 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_449 = 449 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_450 = 450 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_451 = 451 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_452 = 452 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_453 = 453 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_454 = 454 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_455 = 455 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_456 = 456 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_457 = 457 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_458 = 458 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_459 = 459 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_460 = 460 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_461 = 461 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_462 = 462 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_463 = 463 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_464 = 464 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_465 = 465 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_466 = 466 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_467 = 467 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_468 = 468 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_469 = 469 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_470 = 470 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_471 = 471 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_472 = 472 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_473 = 473 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_474 = 474 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_475 = 475 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_476 = 476 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_477 = 477 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_478 = 478 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_479 = 479 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_480 = 480 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_481 = 481 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_482 = 482 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_483 = 483 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_484 = 484 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_485 = 485 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_486 = 486 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_487 = 487 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_488 = 488 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_489 = 489 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_490 = 490 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_491 = 491 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_492 = 492 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_493 = 493 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_494 = 494 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_495 = 495 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_496 = 496 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_497 = 497 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_498 = 498 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_499 = 499 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_500 = 500 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_501 = 501 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_502 = 502 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_503 = 503 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_504 = 504 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_505 = 505 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_506 = 506 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_507 = 507 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_508 = 508 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_509 = 509 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_510 = 510 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_511 = 511 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_512 = 512 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_513 = 513 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_514 = 514 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_515 = 515 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_516 = 516 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_517 = 517 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_518 = 518 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_519 = 519 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_520 = 520 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_521 = 521 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_522 = 522 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_523 = 523 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_524 = 524 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_525 = 525 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_526 = 526 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_527 = 527 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_528 = 528 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_529 = 529 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_530 = 530 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_531 = 531 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_532 = 532 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_533 = 533 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_534 = 534 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_535 = 535 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_536 = 536 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_537 = 537 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_538 = 538 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_539 = 539 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_540 = 540 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_541 = 541 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_542 = 542 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_543 = 543 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_544 = 544 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_545 = 545 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_546 = 546 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_547 = 547 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_548 = 548 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_549 = 549 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_550 = 550 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_551 = 551 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_552 = 552 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_553 = 553 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_554 = 554 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_555 = 555 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_556 = 556 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_557 = 557 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_558 = 558 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_559 = 559 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_560 = 560 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_561 = 561 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_562 = 562 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_563 = 563 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_564 = 564 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_565 = 565 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_566 = 566 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_567 = 567 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_568 = 568 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_569 = 569 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_570 = 570 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_571 = 571 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_572 = 572 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_573 = 573 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_574 = 574 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_575 = 575 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_576 = 576 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_577 = 577 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_578 = 578 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_579 = 579 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_580 = 580 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_581 = 581 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_582 = 582 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_583 = 583 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_584 = 584 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_585 = 585 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_586 = 586 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_587 = 587 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_588 = 588 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_589 = 589 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_590 = 590 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_591 = 591 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_592 = 592 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_593 = 593 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_594 = 594 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_595 = 595 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_596 = 596 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_597 = 597 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_598 = 598 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_599 = 599 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_600 = 600 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_601 = 601 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_602 = 602 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_603 = 603 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_604 = 604 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_605 = 605 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_606 = 606 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_607 = 607 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_608 = 608 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_609 = 609 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_610 = 610 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_611 = 611 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_612 = 612 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_613 = 613 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_614 = 614 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_615 = 615 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_616 = 616 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_617 = 617 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_618 = 618 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_619 = 619 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_620 = 620 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_621 = 621 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_622 = 622 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_623 = 623 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_624 = 624 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_625 = 625 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_626 = 626 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_627 = 627 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_628 = 628 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_629 = 629 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_630 = 630 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_631 = 631 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_632 = 632 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_633 = 633 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_634 = 634 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_635 = 635 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_636 = 636 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_637 = 637 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_638 = 638 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_639 = 639 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_640 = 640 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_641 = 641 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_642 = 642 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_643 = 643 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_644 = 644 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_645 = 645 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_646 = 646 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_647 = 647 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_648 = 648 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_649 = 649 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_650 = 650 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_651 = 651 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_652 = 652 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_653 = 653 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_654 = 654 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_655 = 655 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_656 = 656 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_657 = 657 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_658 = 658 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_659 = 659 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_660 = 660 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_661 = 661 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_662 = 662 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_663 = 663 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_664 = 664 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_665 = 665 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_666 = 666 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_667 = 667 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_668 = 668 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_669 = 669 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_670 = 670 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_671 = 671 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_672 = 672 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_673 = 673 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_674 = 674 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_675 = 675 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_676 = 676 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_677 = 677 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_678 = 678 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_679 = 679 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_680 = 680 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_681 = 681 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_682 = 682 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_683 = 683 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_684 = 684 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_685 = 685 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_686 = 686 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_687 = 687 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_688 = 688 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_689 = 689 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_690 = 690 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_691 = 691 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_692 = 692 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_693 = 693 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_694 = 694 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_695 = 695 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_696 = 696 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_697 = 697 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_698 = 698 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_699 = 699 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_700 = 700 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_701 = 701 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_702 = 702 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_703 = 703 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_704 = 704 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_705 = 705 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_706 = 706 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_707 = 707 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_708 = 708 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_709 = 709 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_710 = 710 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_711 = 711 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_712 = 712 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_713 = 713 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_714 = 714 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_715 = 715 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_716 = 716 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_717 = 717 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_718 = 718 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_719 = 719 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_720 = 720 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_721 = 721 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_722 = 722 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_723 = 723 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_724 = 724 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_725 = 725 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_726 = 726 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_727 = 727 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_728 = 728 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_729 = 729 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_730 = 730 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_731 = 731 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_732 = 732 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_733 = 733 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_734 = 734 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_735 = 735 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_736 = 736 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_737 = 737 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_738 = 738 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_739 = 739 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_740 = 740 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_741 = 741 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_742 = 742 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_743 = 743 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_744 = 744 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_745 = 745 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_746 = 746 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_747 = 747 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_748 = 748 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_749 = 749 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_750 = 750 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_751 = 751 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_752 = 752 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_753 = 753 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_754 = 754 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_755 = 755 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_756 = 756 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_757 = 757 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_758 = 758 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_759 = 759 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_760 = 760 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_761 = 761 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_762 = 762 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_763 = 763 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_764 = 764 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_765 = 765 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_766 = 766 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_767 = 767 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_768 = 768 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_769 = 769 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_770 = 770 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_771 = 771 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_772 = 772 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_773 = 773 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_774 = 774 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_775 = 775 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_776 = 776 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_777 = 777 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_778 = 778 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_779 = 779 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_780 = 780 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_781 = 781 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_782 = 782 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_783 = 783 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_784 = 784 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_785 = 785 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_786 = 786 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_787 = 787 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_788 = 788 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_789 = 789 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_790 = 790 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_791 = 791 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_792 = 792 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_793 = 793 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_794 = 794 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_795 = 795 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_796 = 796 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_797 = 797 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_798 = 798 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_799 = 799 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_800 = 800 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_801 = 801 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_802 = 802 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_803 = 803 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_804 = 804 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_805 = 805 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_806 = 806 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_807 = 807 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_808 = 808 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_809 = 809 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_810 = 810 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_811 = 811 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_812 = 812 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_813 = 813 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_814 = 814 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_815 = 815 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_816 = 816 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_817 = 817 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_818 = 818 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_819 = 819 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_820 = 820 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_821 = 821 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_822 = 822 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_823 = 823 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_824 = 824 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_825 = 825 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_826 = 826 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_827 = 827 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_828 = 828 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_829 = 829 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_830 = 830 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_831 = 831 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_832 = 832 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_833 = 833 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_834 = 834 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_835 = 835 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_836 = 836 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_837 = 837 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_838 = 838 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_839 = 839 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_840 = 840 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_841 = 841 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_842 = 842 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_843 = 843 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_844 = 844 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_845 = 845 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_846 = 846 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_847 = 847 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_848 = 848 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_849 = 849 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_850 = 850 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_851 = 851 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_852 = 852 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_853 = 853 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_854 = 854 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_855 = 855 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_856 = 856 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_857 = 857 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_858 = 858 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_859 = 859 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_860 = 860 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_861 = 861 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_862 = 862 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_863 = 863 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_864 = 864 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_865 = 865 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_866 = 866 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_867 = 867 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_868 = 868 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_869 = 869 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_870 = 870 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_871 = 871 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_872 = 872 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_873 = 873 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_874 = 874 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_875 = 875 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_876 = 876 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_877 = 877 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_878 = 878 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_879 = 879 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_880 = 880 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_881 = 881 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_882 = 882 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_883 = 883 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_884 = 884 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_885 = 885 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_886 = 886 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_887 = 887 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_888 = 888 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_889 = 889 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_890 = 890 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_891 = 891 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_892 = 892 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_893 = 893 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_894 = 894 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_895 = 895 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_896 = 896 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_897 = 897 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_898 = 898 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_899 = 899 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_900 = 900 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_901 = 901 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_902 = 902 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_903 = 903 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_904 = 904 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_905 = 905 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_906 = 906 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_907 = 907 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_908 = 908 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_909 = 909 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_910 = 910 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_911 = 911 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_912 = 912 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_913 = 913 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_914 = 914 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_915 = 915 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_916 = 916 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_917 = 917 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_918 = 918 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_919 = 919 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_920 = 920 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_921 = 921 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_922 = 922 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_923 = 923 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_924 = 924 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_925 = 925 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_926 = 926 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_927 = 927 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_928 = 928 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_929 = 929 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_930 = 930 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_931 = 931 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_932 = 932 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_933 = 933 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_934 = 934 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_935 = 935 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_936 = 936 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_937 = 937 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_938 = 938 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_939 = 939 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_940 = 940 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_941 = 941 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_942 = 942 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_943 = 943 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_944 = 944 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_945 = 945 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_946 = 946 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_947 = 947 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_948 = 948 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_949 = 949 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_950 = 950 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_951 = 951 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_952 = 952 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_953 = 953 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_954 = 954 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_955 = 955 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_956 = 956 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_957 = 957 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_958 = 958 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_959 = 959 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_960 = 960 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_961 = 961 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_962 = 962 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_963 = 963 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_964 = 964 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_965 = 965 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_966 = 966 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_967 = 967 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_968 = 968 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_969 = 969 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_970 = 970 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_971 = 971 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_972 = 972 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_973 = 973 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_974 = 974 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_975 = 975 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_976 = 976 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_977 = 977 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_978 = 978 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_979 = 979 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_980 = 980 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_981 = 981 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_982 = 982 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_983 = 983 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_984 = 984 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_985 = 985 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_986 = 986 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_987 = 987 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_988 = 988 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_989 = 989 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_990 = 990 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_991 = 991 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_992 = 992 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_993 = 993 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_994 = 994 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_995 = 995 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_996 = 996 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_997 = 997 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_998 = 998 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_999 = 999 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_1000 = 1000 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c115b1117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file which is imported by unittest.proto to test importing.
+
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do
+// "using namespace unittest_import = protobuf_unittest_import".
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+// Excercise the java_package option.
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+
+// Do not set a java_outer_classname here to verify that Proto2 works without
+// one.
+
+// Test public import
+import public "google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto";
+
+message ImportMessage {
+  optional int32 d = 1;
+}
+
+enum ImportEnum {
+  IMPORT_FOO = 7;
+  IMPORT_BAR = 8;
+  IMPORT_BAZ = 9;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81b117fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// This is like unittest_import.proto but with optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME.
+
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+
+import public "google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto";
+
+message ImportMessageLite {
+  optional int32 d = 1;
+}
+
+enum ImportEnumLite {
+  IMPORT_LITE_FOO = 7;
+  IMPORT_LITE_BAR = 8;
+  IMPORT_LITE_BAZ = 9;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea5d1b13f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+
+
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+
+message PublicImportMessage {
+  optional int32 e = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d077563cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+
+
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+
+message PublicImportMessageLite {
+  optional int32 e = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1764aac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// This is like unittest.proto but with optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME.
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto";
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+
+// Same as TestAllTypes but with the lite runtime.
+message TestAllTypesLite {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage      optional_nested_message  = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessageLite optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessageLite
+    optional_import_message = 20;
+
+  optional NestedEnum      optional_nested_enum     = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnumLite optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite optional_import_enum = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessageLite
+      optional_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  optional NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated NestedMessage      repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessageLite repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessageLite
+    repeated_import_message = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum      repeated_nested_enum  = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnumLite repeated_foreign_enum = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite repeated_import_enum = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32 = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64 = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional NestedEnum default_nested_enum = 81 [default = BAR];
+  optional ForeignEnumLite default_foreign_enum = 82
+      [default = FOREIGN_LITE_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite
+      default_import_enum = 83 [default = IMPORT_LITE_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord = 85 [ctype=CORD,default="123"];
+}
+
+message ForeignMessageLite {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnumLite {
+  FOREIGN_LITE_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_LITE_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+message TestPackedTypesLite {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnumLite packed_enum  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestAllExtensionsLite {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensionsLite {
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32_extension_lite    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64_extension_lite    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32_extension_lite   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64_extension_lite   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32_extension_lite   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64_extension_lite   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32_extension_lite  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64_extension_lite  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32_extension_lite =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64_extension_lite = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float_extension_lite    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double_extension_lite   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool_extension_lite     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string_extension_lite   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes_extension_lite    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup_extension_lite = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage optional_nested_message_extension_lite
+      = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessageLite optional_foreign_message_extension_lite = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessageLite
+    optional_import_message_extension_lite = 20;
+
+  optional TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum optional_nested_enum_extension_lite = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnumLite optional_foreign_enum_extension_lite = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite
+    optional_import_enum_extension_lite = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece_extension_lite = 24
+      [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord_extension_lite = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessageLite
+    optional_public_import_message_extension_lite = 26;
+
+  optional TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage
+    optional_lazy_message_extension_lite = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32_extension_lite    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64_extension_lite    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32_extension_lite   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64_extension_lite   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32_extension_lite   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64_extension_lite   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32_extension_lite  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64_extension_lite  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32_extension_lite = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64_extension_lite = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float_extension_lite    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double_extension_lite   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool_extension_lite     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string_extension_lite   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes_extension_lite    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup_extension_lite = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage repeated_nested_message_extension_lite
+      = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessageLite repeated_foreign_message_extension_lite = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessageLite
+    repeated_import_message_extension_lite = 50;
+
+  repeated TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum_extension_lite = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnumLite repeated_foreign_enum_extension_lite = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite
+    repeated_import_enum_extension_lite = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece_extension_lite = 54
+      [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord_extension_lite = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage
+    repeated_lazy_message_extension_lite = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32_extension_lite    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64_extension_lite    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32_extension_lite   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64_extension_lite   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32_extension_lite   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64_extension_lite   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32_extension_lite  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64_extension_lite  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32_extension_lite = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64_extension_lite = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float_extension_lite    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double_extension_lite   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool_extension_lite     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string_extension_lite   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes_extension_lite    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum
+    default_nested_enum_extension_lite = 81 [default = BAR];
+  optional ForeignEnumLite
+    default_foreign_enum_extension_lite = 82 [default = FOREIGN_LITE_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite
+    default_import_enum_extension_lite = 83 [default = IMPORT_LITE_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece_extension_lite = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,
+                                                            default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord_extension_lite = 85 [ctype=CORD, default="123"];
+}
+
+message TestPackedExtensionsLite {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestPackedExtensionsLite {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32_extension_lite    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64_extension_lite    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32_extension_lite   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64_extension_lite   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32_extension_lite   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64_extension_lite   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32_extension_lite  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64_extension_lite  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32_extension_lite =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64_extension_lite =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float_extension_lite    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double_extension_lite   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool_extension_lite     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnumLite packed_enum_extension_lite = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestNestedExtensionLite {
+  extend TestAllExtensionsLite {
+    optional int32 nested_extension = 12345;
+  }
+}
+
+// Test that deprecated fields work.  We only verify that they compile (at one
+// point this failed).
+message TestDeprecatedLite {
+  optional int32 deprecated_field = 1 [deprecated = true];
+}
+
+// See the comments of the same type in unittest.proto.
+message TestParsingMergeLite {
+  message RepeatedFieldsGenerator {
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite field1 = 1;
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite field2 = 2;
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite field3 = 3;
+    repeated group Group1 = 10 {
+      optional TestAllTypesLite field1 = 11;
+    }
+    repeated group Group2 = 20 {
+      optional TestAllTypesLite field1 = 21;
+    }
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite ext1 = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite ext2 = 1001;
+  }
+  required TestAllTypesLite required_all_types = 1;
+  optional TestAllTypesLite optional_all_types = 2;
+  repeated TestAllTypesLite repeated_all_types = 3;
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 10 {
+    optional TestAllTypesLite optional_group_all_types = 11;
+  }
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 20 {
+    optional TestAllTypesLite repeated_group_all_types = 21;
+  }
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+  extend TestParsingMergeLite {
+    optional TestAllTypesLite optional_ext = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite repeated_ext = 1001;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d52cb8cc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// Tests that a "lite" message can import a regular message.
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+message TestLiteImportsNonlite {
+  optional TestAllTypes message = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3497f09fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file contains messages for testing message_set_wire_format.
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+// A message with message_set_wire_format.
+message TestMessageSet {
+  option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  extensions 4 to max;
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetContainer {
+  optional TestMessageSet message_set = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetExtension1 {
+  extend TestMessageSet {
+    optional TestMessageSetExtension1 message_set_extension = 1545008;
+  }
+  optional int32 i = 15;
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetExtension2 {
+  extend TestMessageSet {
+    optional TestMessageSetExtension2 message_set_extension = 1547769;
+  }
+  optional string str = 25;
+}
+
+// MessageSet wire format is equivalent to this.
+message RawMessageSet {
+  repeated group Item = 1 {
+    required int32 type_id = 2;
+    required bytes message = 3;
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cffb4122c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+package google.protobuf.no_generic_services_test;
+
+// *_generic_services are false by default.
+
+message TestMessage {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  FOO = 1;
+}
+
+extend TestMessage {
+  optional int32 test_extension = 1000;
+}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Foo(TestMessage) returns(TestMessage);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..658c6a965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/more_protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file which uses optimize_for = CODE_SIZE.
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option optimize_for = CODE_SIZE;
+
+message TestOptimizedForSize {
+  optional int32 i = 1;
+  optional ForeignMessage msg = 19;
+
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+
+  extend TestOptimizedForSize {
+    optional int32 test_extension = 1234;
+    optional TestRequiredOptimizedForSize test_extension2 = 1235;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestRequiredOptimizedForSize {
+  required int32 x = 1;
+}
+
+message TestOptionalOptimizedForSize {
+  optional TestRequiredOptimizedForSize o = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/pom.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83a7563af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <groupId>com.google.protobuf.compatibility</groupId>
+  <artifactId>compatibility-test-suite</artifactId>
+  <version>2.5.0</version>
+  <name>Protocol Buffer Java API compatibility tests</name>
+  <packaging>pom</packaging>
+  <modules>
+    <module>protos</module>
+    <module>more_protos</module>
+    <module>tests</module>
+  </modules>
+  <properties>
+    <protoc.path>protoc</protoc.path>
+    <protobuf.version>2.5.0</protobuf.version>
+
+    <protos.protoc.path>${protoc.path}</protos.protoc.path>
+    <protos.protobuf.version>${protobuf.version}</protos.protobuf.version>
+
+    <more_protos.protoc.path>${protoc.path}</more_protos.protoc.path>
+    <more_protos.protobuf.version>${protobuf.version}</more_protos.protobuf.version>
+
+    <tests.protobuf.version>${protobuf.version}</tests.protobuf.version>
+
+    <protobuf.test.source.path>.</protobuf.test.source.path>
+  </properties>
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/pom.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a22e91ed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>com.google.protobuf.compatibility</groupId>
+    <artifactId>compatibility-test-suite</artifactId>
+    <version>2.5.0</version>
+    <relativePath>..</relativePath>
+  </parent>
+
+  <groupId>com.google.protobuf.compatibility</groupId>
+  <artifactId>compatibility-protos</artifactId>
+  <version>2.5.0</version>
+
+  <name>Protos for Compatibility test</name>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+      <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
+      <version>${protos.protobuf.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>3.6.0</version>
+        <configuration>
+          <source>1.6</source>
+          <target>1.6</target>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>generate-sources</id>
+            <phase>generate-sources</phase>
+            <configuration>
+              <tasks>
+                <mkdir dir="target/generated-sources" />
+                <exec executable="${protos.protoc.path}">
+                  <arg value="--java_out=target/generated-sources" />
+                  <arg value="--proto_path=src/proto" />
+                  <arg value="src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto" />
+                  <arg value="src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto" />
+                  <arg value="src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto" />
+                  <arg value="src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto" />
+                  <arg value="src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto" />
+                  <arg value="src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto" />
+                  <arg value="src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_builders_test.proto" />
+                  <arg value="src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension.proto" />
+                  <arg value="src/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto" />
+                  <arg value="src/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto" />
+                </exec>
+              </tasks>
+              <sourceRoot>target/generated-sources</sourceRoot>
+            </configuration>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>run</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/multiple_files_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/multiple_files_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a040145a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/multiple_files_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// A proto file which tests the java_multiple_files option.
+
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "MultipleFilesTestProto";
+
+message MessageWithNoOuter {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int32 i = 1;
+  }
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    BAZ = 3;
+  }
+  optional NestedMessage nested = 1;
+  repeated TestAllTypes foreign = 2;
+  optional NestedEnum nested_enum = 3;
+  optional EnumWithNoOuter foreign_enum = 4;
+}
+
+enum EnumWithNoOuter {
+  FOO = 1;
+  BAR = 2;
+}
+
+service ServiceWithNoOuter {
+  rpc Foo(MessageWithNoOuter) returns(TestAllTypes);
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensions {
+  optional int32 extension_with_outer = 1234567;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_builders_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_builders_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abffb9d2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_builders_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+//
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "NestedBuilders";
+
+
+message Vehicle {
+  optional Engine engine = 1;
+  repeated Wheel wheel = 2;
+}
+
+message Engine {
+  optional int32 cylinder = 1;
+  optional int32 liters = 2;
+}
+
+message Wheel {
+  optional int32 radius = 1;
+  optional int32 width = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9fe5d560c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Darick Tong (darick@google.com)
+//
+// A proto file with nested extensions. Note that this must be defined in
+// a separate file to properly test the initialization of the outer class.
+
+
+import "com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+message MyNestedExtension {
+  extend MessageToBeExtended {
+    optional MessageToBeExtended recursiveExtension = 2;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16ee46e57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Darick Tong (darick@google.com)
+//
+// A proto file with nested extensions for a MessageLite messages. Note that
+// this must be defined in a separate file to properly test the initialization
+// of the outer class.
+
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+import "com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto";
+
+message MyNestedExtensionLite {
+  extend MessageLiteToBeExtended {
+    optional MessageLiteToBeExtended recursiveExtensionLite = 3;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f61b419bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Darick Tong (darick@google.com)
+//
+// A proto file with extensions.
+
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+message MessageToBeExtended {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message MyNonNestedExtension {
+}
+
+extend MessageToBeExtended {
+  optional MyNonNestedExtension nonNestedExtension = 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c82659b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Darick Tong (darick@google.com)
+//
+// A proto file with extensions for a MessageLite messages.
+
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+message MessageLiteToBeExtended {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message MyNonNestedExtensionLite {
+}
+
+extend MessageLiteToBeExtended {
+  optional MyNonNestedExtensionLite nonNestedExtensionLite = 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e67d97a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+
+// This file tests that various identifiers work as field and type names even
+// though the same identifiers are used internally by the java code generator.
+
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+
+package io_protocol_tests;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "TestBadIdentifiersProto";
+
+message TestMessage {
+}
+
+message Descriptor {
+  option no_standard_descriptor_accessor = true;
+  optional string descriptor = 1;
+  message NestedDescriptor {
+    option no_standard_descriptor_accessor = true;
+    optional string descriptor = 1;
+  }
+  optional NestedDescriptor nested_descriptor = 2;
+}
+
+message Parser {
+  enum ParserEnum {
+    PARSER = 1;
+  }
+  optional ParserEnum parser = 1;
+}
+
+message Deprecated {
+  enum TestEnum {
+    FOO = 1;
+  }
+
+  optional int32 field1 = 1 [deprecated=true];
+  optional TestEnum field2 = 2 [deprecated=true];
+  optional TestMessage field3 = 3 [deprecated=true];
+}
+
+message Override {
+  optional int32 override = 1;
+}
+
+message Object {
+  optional int32 object = 1;
+  optional string string_object = 2;
+}
+
+message String {
+  optional string string = 1;
+}
+
+message Integer {
+  optional int32 integer = 1;
+}
+
+message Long {
+  optional int32 long = 1;
+}
+
+message Float {
+  optional float float = 1;
+}
+
+message Double {
+  optional double double = 1;
+}
+
+service TestConflictingMethodNames {
+  rpc Override(TestMessage) returns (TestMessage);
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a785f79fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,620 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// The messages in this file describe the definitions found in .proto files.
+// A valid .proto file can be translated directly to a FileDescriptorProto
+// without any other information (e.g. without reading its imports).
+
+
+
+package google.protobuf;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "DescriptorProtos";
+
+// descriptor.proto must be optimized for speed because reflection-based
+// algorithms don't work during bootstrapping.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+// The protocol compiler can output a FileDescriptorSet containing the .proto
+// files it parses.
+message FileDescriptorSet {
+  repeated FileDescriptorProto file = 1;
+}
+
+// Describes a complete .proto file.
+message FileDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;       // file name, relative to root of source tree
+  optional string package = 2;    // e.g. "foo", "foo.bar", etc.
+
+  // Names of files imported by this file.
+  repeated string dependency = 3;
+  // Indexes of the public imported files in the dependency list above.
+  repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;
+  // Indexes of the weak imported files in the dependency list.
+  // For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+  repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;
+
+  // All top-level definitions in this file.
+  repeated DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+  repeated EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;
+  repeated ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;
+  repeated FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;
+
+  optional FileOptions options = 8;
+
+  // This field contains optional information about the original source code.
+  // You may safely remove this entire field whithout harming runtime
+  // functionality of the descriptors -- the information is needed only by
+  // development tools.
+  optional SourceCodeInfo source_code_info = 9;
+}
+
+// Describes a message type.
+message DescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+
+  repeated FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+  repeated FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;
+
+  repeated DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;
+  repeated EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;
+
+  message ExtensionRange {
+    optional int32 start = 1;
+    optional int32 end = 2;
+  }
+  repeated ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;
+
+  optional MessageOptions options = 7;
+}
+
+// Describes a field within a message.
+message FieldDescriptorProto {
+  enum Type {
+    // 0 is reserved for errors.
+    // Order is weird for historical reasons.
+    TYPE_DOUBLE         = 1;
+    TYPE_FLOAT          = 2;
+    // Not ZigZag encoded.  Negative numbers take 10 bytes.  Use TYPE_SINT64 if
+    // negative values are likely.
+    TYPE_INT64          = 3;
+    TYPE_UINT64         = 4;
+    // Not ZigZag encoded.  Negative numbers take 10 bytes.  Use TYPE_SINT32 if
+    // negative values are likely.
+    TYPE_INT32          = 5;
+    TYPE_FIXED64        = 6;
+    TYPE_FIXED32        = 7;
+    TYPE_BOOL           = 8;
+    TYPE_STRING         = 9;
+    TYPE_GROUP          = 10;  // Tag-delimited aggregate.
+    TYPE_MESSAGE        = 11;  // Length-delimited aggregate.
+
+    // New in version 2.
+    TYPE_BYTES          = 12;
+    TYPE_UINT32         = 13;
+    TYPE_ENUM           = 14;
+    TYPE_SFIXED32       = 15;
+    TYPE_SFIXED64       = 16;
+    TYPE_SINT32         = 17;  // Uses ZigZag encoding.
+    TYPE_SINT64         = 18;  // Uses ZigZag encoding.
+  };
+
+  enum Label {
+    // 0 is reserved for errors
+    LABEL_OPTIONAL      = 1;
+    LABEL_REQUIRED      = 2;
+    LABEL_REPEATED      = 3;
+    // TODO(sanjay): Should we add LABEL_MAP?
+  };
+
+  optional string name = 1;
+  optional int32 number = 3;
+  optional Label label = 4;
+
+  // If type_name is set, this need not be set.  If both this and type_name
+  // are set, this must be either TYPE_ENUM or TYPE_MESSAGE.
+  optional Type type = 5;
+
+  // For message and enum types, this is the name of the type.  If the name
+  // starts with a '.', it is fully-qualified.  Otherwise, C++-like scoping
+  // rules are used to find the type (i.e. first the nested types within this
+  // message are searched, then within the parent, on up to the root
+  // namespace).
+  optional string type_name = 6;
+
+  // For extensions, this is the name of the type being extended.  It is
+  // resolved in the same manner as type_name.
+  optional string extendee = 2;
+
+  // For numeric types, contains the original text representation of the value.
+  // For booleans, "true" or "false".
+  // For strings, contains the default text contents (not escaped in any way).
+  // For bytes, contains the C escaped value.  All bytes >= 128 are escaped.
+  // TODO(kenton):  Base-64 encode?
+  optional string default_value = 7;
+
+  optional FieldOptions options = 8;
+}
+
+// Describes an enum type.
+message EnumDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+
+  repeated EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;
+
+  optional EnumOptions options = 3;
+}
+
+// Describes a value within an enum.
+message EnumValueDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+  optional int32 number = 2;
+
+  optional EnumValueOptions options = 3;
+}
+
+// Describes a service.
+message ServiceDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+  repeated MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;
+
+  optional ServiceOptions options = 3;
+}
+
+// Describes a method of a service.
+message MethodDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+
+  // Input and output type names.  These are resolved in the same way as
+  // FieldDescriptorProto.type_name, but must refer to a message type.
+  optional string input_type = 2;
+  optional string output_type = 3;
+
+  optional MethodOptions options = 4;
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Options
+
+// Each of the definitions above may have "options" attached.  These are
+// just annotations which may cause code to be generated slightly differently
+// or may contain hints for code that manipulates protocol messages.
+//
+// Clients may define custom options as extensions of the *Options messages.
+// These extensions may not yet be known at parsing time, so the parser cannot
+// store the values in them.  Instead it stores them in a field in the *Options
+// message called uninterpreted_option. This field must have the same name
+// across all *Options messages. We then use this field to populate the
+// extensions when we build a descriptor, at which point all protos have been
+// parsed and so all extensions are known.
+//
+// Extension numbers for custom options may be chosen as follows:
+// * For options which will only be used within a single application or
+//   organization, or for experimental options, use field numbers 50000
+//   through 99999.  It is up to you to ensure that you do not use the
+//   same number for multiple options.
+// * For options which will be published and used publicly by multiple
+//   independent entities, e-mail protobuf-global-extension-registry@google.com
+//   to reserve extension numbers. Simply provide your project name (e.g.
+//   Object-C plugin) and your porject website (if available) -- there's no need
+//   to explain how you intend to use them. Usually you only need one extension
+//   number. You can declare multiple options with only one extension number by
+//   putting them in a sub-message. See the Custom Options section of the docs
+//   for examples:
+//   http://code.google.com/apis/protocolbuffers/docs/proto.html#options
+//   If this turns out to be popular, a web service will be set up
+//   to automatically assign option numbers.
+
+
+message FileOptions {
+
+  // Sets the Java package where classes generated from this .proto will be
+  // placed.  By default, the proto package is used, but this is often
+  // inappropriate because proto packages do not normally start with backwards
+  // domain names.
+  optional string java_package = 1;
+
+
+  // If set, all the classes from the .proto file are wrapped in a single
+  // outer class with the given name.  This applies to both Proto1
+  // (equivalent to the old "--one_java_file" option) and Proto2 (where
+  // a .proto always translates to a single class, but you may want to
+  // explicitly choose the class name).
+  optional string java_outer_classname = 8;
+
+  // If set true, then the Java code generator will generate a separate .java
+  // file for each top-level message, enum, and service defined in the .proto
+  // file.  Thus, these types will *not* be nested inside the outer class
+  // named by java_outer_classname.  However, the outer class will still be
+  // generated to contain the file's getDescriptor() method as well as any
+  // top-level extensions defined in the file.
+  optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default=false];
+
+  // If set true, then the Java code generator will generate equals() and
+  // hashCode() methods for all messages defined in the .proto file. This is
+  // purely a speed optimization, as the AbstractMessage base class includes
+  // reflection-based implementations of these methods.
+  optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [default=false];
+
+  // Generated classes can be optimized for speed or code size.
+  enum OptimizeMode {
+    SPEED = 1;        // Generate complete code for parsing, serialization,
+                      // etc.
+    CODE_SIZE = 2;    // Use ReflectionOps to implement these methods.
+    LITE_RUNTIME = 3; // Generate code using MessageLite and the lite runtime.
+  }
+  optional OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default=SPEED];
+
+  // Sets the Go package where structs generated from this .proto will be
+  // placed.  There is no default.
+  optional string go_package = 11;
+
+
+
+  // Should generic services be generated in each language?  "Generic" services
+  // are not specific to any particular RPC system.  They are generated by the
+  // main code generators in each language (without additional plugins).
+  // Generic services were the only kind of service generation supported by
+  // early versions of proto2.
+  //
+  // Generic services are now considered deprecated in favor of using plugins
+  // that generate code specific to your particular RPC system.  Therefore,
+  // these default to false.  Old code which depends on generic services should
+  // explicitly set them to true.
+  optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default=false];
+  optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default=false];
+  optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default=false];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message MessageOptions {
+  // Set true to use the old proto1 MessageSet wire format for extensions.
+  // This is provided for backwards-compatibility with the MessageSet wire
+  // format.  You should not use this for any other reason:  It's less
+  // efficient, has fewer features, and is more complicated.
+  //
+  // The message must be defined exactly as follows:
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  //     extensions 4 to max;
+  //   }
+  // Note that the message cannot have any defined fields; MessageSets only
+  // have extensions.
+  //
+  // All extensions of your type must be singular messages; e.g. they cannot
+  // be int32s, enums, or repeated messages.
+  //
+  // Because this is an option, the above two restrictions are not enforced by
+  // the protocol compiler.
+  optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default=false];
+
+  // Disables the generation of the standard "descriptor()" accessor, which can
+  // conflict with a field of the same name.  This is meant to make migration
+  // from proto1 easier; new code should avoid fields named "descriptor".
+  optional bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor = 2 [default=false];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message FieldOptions {
+  // The ctype option instructs the C++ code generator to use a different
+  // representation of the field than it normally would.  See the specific
+  // options below.  This option is not yet implemented in the open source
+  // release -- sorry, we'll try to include it in a future version!
+  optional CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];
+  enum CType {
+    // Default mode.
+    STRING = 0;
+
+    CORD = 1;
+
+    STRING_PIECE = 2;
+  }
+  // The packed option can be enabled for repeated primitive fields to enable
+  // a more efficient representation on the wire. Rather than repeatedly
+  // writing the tag and type for each element, the entire array is encoded as
+  // a single length-delimited blob.
+  optional bool packed = 2;
+
+
+
+  // Should this field be parsed lazily?  Lazy applies only to message-type
+  // fields.  It means that when the outer message is initially parsed, the
+  // inner message's contents will not be parsed but instead stored in encoded
+  // form.  The inner message will actually be parsed when it is first accessed.
+  //
+  // This is only a hint.  Implementations are free to choose whether to use
+  // eager or lazy parsing regardless of the value of this option.  However,
+  // setting this option true suggests that the protocol author believes that
+  // using lazy parsing on this field is worth the additional bookkeeping
+  // overhead typically needed to implement it.
+  //
+  // This option does not affect the public interface of any generated code;
+  // all method signatures remain the same.  Furthermore, thread-safety of the
+  // interface is not affected by this option; const methods remain safe to
+  // call from multiple threads concurrently, while non-const methods continue
+  // to require exclusive access.
+  //
+  //
+  // Note that implementations may choose not to check required fields within
+  // a lazy sub-message.  That is, calling IsInitialized() on the outher message
+  // may return true even if the inner message has missing required fields.
+  // This is necessary because otherwise the inner message would have to be
+  // parsed in order to perform the check, defeating the purpose of lazy
+  // parsing.  An implementation which chooses not to check required fields
+  // must be consistent about it.  That is, for any particular sub-message, the
+  // implementation must either *always* check its required fields, or *never*
+  // check its required fields, regardless of whether or not the message has
+  // been parsed.
+  optional bool lazy = 5 [default=false];
+
+  // Is this field deprecated?
+  // Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+  // for accessors, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+  // is a formalization for deprecating fields.
+  optional bool deprecated = 3 [default=false];
+
+  // EXPERIMENTAL.  DO NOT USE.
+  // For "map" fields, the name of the field in the enclosed type that
+  // is the key for this map.  For example, suppose we have:
+  //   message Item {
+  //     required string name = 1;
+  //     required string value = 2;
+  //   }
+  //   message Config {
+  //     repeated Item items = 1 [experimental_map_key="name"];
+  //   }
+  // In this situation, the map key for Item will be set to "name".
+  // TODO: Fully-implement this, then remove the "experimental_" prefix.
+  optional string experimental_map_key = 9;
+
+  // For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+  optional bool weak = 10 [default=false];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message EnumOptions {
+
+  // Set this option to false to disallow mapping different tag names to a same
+  // value.
+  optional bool allow_alias = 2 [default=true];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message EnumValueOptions {
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message ServiceOptions {
+
+  // Note:  Field numbers 1 through 32 are reserved for Google's internal RPC
+  //   framework.  We apologize for hoarding these numbers to ourselves, but
+  //   we were already using them long before we decided to release Protocol
+  //   Buffers.
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message MethodOptions {
+
+  // Note:  Field numbers 1 through 32 are reserved for Google's internal RPC
+  //   framework.  We apologize for hoarding these numbers to ourselves, but
+  //   we were already using them long before we decided to release Protocol
+  //   Buffers.
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+
+// A message representing a option the parser does not recognize. This only
+// appears in options protos created by the compiler::Parser class.
+// DescriptorPool resolves these when building Descriptor objects. Therefore,
+// options protos in descriptor objects (e.g. returned by Descriptor::options(),
+// or produced by Descriptor::CopyTo()) will never have UninterpretedOptions
+// in them.
+message UninterpretedOption {
+  // The name of the uninterpreted option.  Each string represents a segment in
+  // a dot-separated name.  is_extension is true iff a segment represents an
+  // extension (denoted with parentheses in options specs in .proto files).
+  // E.g.,{ ["foo", false], ["bar.baz", true], ["qux", false] } represents
+  // "foo.(bar.baz).qux".
+  message NamePart {
+    required string name_part = 1;
+    required bool is_extension = 2;
+  }
+  repeated NamePart name = 2;
+
+  // The value of the uninterpreted option, in whatever type the tokenizer
+  // identified it as during parsing. Exactly one of these should be set.
+  optional string identifier_value = 3;
+  optional uint64 positive_int_value = 4;
+  optional int64 negative_int_value = 5;
+  optional double double_value = 6;
+  optional bytes string_value = 7;
+  optional string aggregate_value = 8;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Optional source code info
+
+// Encapsulates information about the original source file from which a
+// FileDescriptorProto was generated.
+message SourceCodeInfo {
+  // A Location identifies a piece of source code in a .proto file which
+  // corresponds to a particular definition.  This information is intended
+  // to be useful to IDEs, code indexers, documentation generators, and similar
+  // tools.
+  //
+  // For example, say we have a file like:
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     optional string foo = 1;
+  //   }
+  // Let's look at just the field definition:
+  //   optional string foo = 1;
+  //   ^       ^^     ^^  ^  ^^^
+  //   a       bc     de  f  ghi
+  // We have the following locations:
+  //   span   path               represents
+  //   [a,i)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0 ]     The whole field definition.
+  //   [a,b)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 4 ]  The label (optional).
+  //   [c,d)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 5 ]  The type (string).
+  //   [e,f)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 1 ]  The name (foo).
+  //   [g,h)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 3 ]  The number (1).
+  //
+  // Notes:
+  // - A location may refer to a repeated field itself (i.e. not to any
+  //   particular index within it).  This is used whenever a set of elements are
+  //   logically enclosed in a single code segment.  For example, an entire
+  //   extend block (possibly containing multiple extension definitions) will
+  //   have an outer location whose path refers to the "extensions" repeated
+  //   field without an index.
+  // - Multiple locations may have the same path.  This happens when a single
+  //   logical declaration is spread out across multiple places.  The most
+  //   obvious example is the "extend" block again -- there may be multiple
+  //   extend blocks in the same scope, each of which will have the same path.
+  // - A location's span is not always a subset of its parent's span.  For
+  //   example, the "extendee" of an extension declaration appears at the
+  //   beginning of the "extend" block and is shared by all extensions within
+  //   the block.
+  // - Just because a location's span is a subset of some other location's span
+  //   does not mean that it is a descendent.  For example, a "group" defines
+  //   both a type and a field in a single declaration.  Thus, the locations
+  //   corresponding to the type and field and their components will overlap.
+  // - Code which tries to interpret locations should probably be designed to
+  //   ignore those that it doesn't understand, as more types of locations could
+  //   be recorded in the future.
+  repeated Location location = 1;
+  message Location {
+    // Identifies which part of the FileDescriptorProto was defined at this
+    // location.
+    //
+    // Each element is a field number or an index.  They form a path from
+    // the root FileDescriptorProto to the place where the definition.  For
+    // example, this path:
+    //   [ 4, 3, 2, 7, 1 ]
+    // refers to:
+    //   file.message_type(3)  // 4, 3
+    //       .field(7)         // 2, 7
+    //       .name()           // 1
+    // This is because FileDescriptorProto.message_type has field number 4:
+    //   repeated DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+    // and DescriptorProto.field has field number 2:
+    //   repeated FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+    // and FieldDescriptorProto.name has field number 1:
+    //   optional string name = 1;
+    //
+    // Thus, the above path gives the location of a field name.  If we removed
+    // the last element:
+    //   [ 4, 3, 2, 7 ]
+    // this path refers to the whole field declaration (from the beginning
+    // of the label to the terminating semicolon).
+    repeated int32 path = 1 [packed=true];
+
+    // Always has exactly three or four elements: start line, start column,
+    // end line (optional, otherwise assumed same as start line), end column.
+    // These are packed into a single field for efficiency.  Note that line
+    // and column numbers are zero-based -- typically you will want to add
+    // 1 to each before displaying to a user.
+    repeated int32 span = 2 [packed=true];
+
+    // If this SourceCodeInfo represents a complete declaration, these are any
+    // comments appearing before and after the declaration which appear to be
+    // attached to the declaration.
+    //
+    // A series of line comments appearing on consecutive lines, with no other
+    // tokens appearing on those lines, will be treated as a single comment.
+    //
+    // Only the comment content is provided; comment markers (e.g. //) are
+    // stripped out.  For block comments, leading whitespace and an asterisk
+    // will be stripped from the beginning of each line other than the first.
+    // Newlines are included in the output.
+    //
+    // Examples:
+    //
+    //   optional int32 foo = 1;  // Comment attached to foo.
+    //   // Comment attached to bar.
+    //   optional int32 bar = 2;
+    //
+    //   optional string baz = 3;
+    //   // Comment attached to baz.
+    //   // Another line attached to baz.
+    //
+    //   // Comment attached to qux.
+    //   //
+    //   // Another line attached to qux.
+    //   optional double qux = 4;
+    //
+    //   optional string corge = 5;
+    //   /* Block comment attached
+    //    * to corge.  Leading asterisks
+    //    * will be removed. */
+    //   /* Block comment attached to
+    //    * grault. */
+    //   optional int32 grault = 6;
+    optional string leading_comments = 3;
+    optional string trailing_comments = 4;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6eb2d86f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,719 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file we will use for unit testing.
+
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// Protos optimized for SPEED use a strict superset of the generated code
+// of equivalent ones optimized for CODE_SIZE, so we should optimize all our
+// tests for speed unless explicitly testing code size optimization.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option java_outer_classname = "UnittestProto";
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    optional int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage                        optional_nested_message  = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage optional_import_message  = 20;
+
+  optional NestedEnum                           optional_nested_enum     = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    optional_import_enum     = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+      optional_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  optional NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated NestedMessage                        repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage repeated_import_message  = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum                           repeated_nested_enum     = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    repeated_import_enum     = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32 = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64 = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional NestedEnum  default_nested_enum  = 81 [default = BAR        ];
+  optional ForeignEnum default_foreign_enum = 82 [default = FOREIGN_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+      default_import_enum = 83 [default = IMPORT_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord = 85 [ctype=CORD,default="123"];
+}
+
+message TestDeprecatedFields {
+  optional int32 deprecated_int32 = 1 [deprecated=true];
+}
+
+// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+// that.
+message ForeignMessage {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+message TestAllExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensions {
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32_extension    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64_extension    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32_extension   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64_extension   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32_extension   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64_extension   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32_extension  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64_extension  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32_extension =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64_extension = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float_extension    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double_extension   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool_extension     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string_extension   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes_extension    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup_extension = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage optional_nested_message_extension = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessage optional_foreign_message_extension = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage
+    optional_import_message_extension = 20;
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedEnum optional_nested_enum_extension = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnum optional_foreign_enum_extension = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+    optional_import_enum_extension = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece_extension = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord_extension = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+    optional_public_import_message_extension = 26;
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage
+    optional_lazy_message_extension = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32_extension    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64_extension    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32_extension   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64_extension   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32_extension   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64_extension   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32_extension  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64_extension  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32_extension = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64_extension = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float_extension    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double_extension   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool_extension     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string_extension   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes_extension    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup_extension = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedMessage repeated_nested_message_extension = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage repeated_foreign_message_extension = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage
+    repeated_import_message_extension = 50;
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum_extension = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum repeated_foreign_enum_extension = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+    repeated_import_enum_extension = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece_extension = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord_extension = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedMessage
+    repeated_lazy_message_extension = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32_extension    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64_extension    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32_extension   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64_extension   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32_extension   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64_extension   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32_extension  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64_extension  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32_extension = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64_extension = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float_extension    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double_extension   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool_extension     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string_extension   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes_extension    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedEnum
+    default_nested_enum_extension = 81 [default = BAR];
+  optional ForeignEnum
+    default_foreign_enum_extension = 82 [default = FOREIGN_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+    default_import_enum_extension = 83 [default = IMPORT_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece_extension = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,
+                                                       default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord_extension = 85 [ctype=CORD, default="123"];
+}
+
+message TestNestedExtension {
+  extend TestAllExtensions {
+    // Check for bug where string extensions declared in tested scope did not
+    // compile.
+    optional string test = 1002 [default="test"];
+  }
+}
+
+// We have separate messages for testing required fields because it's
+// annoying to have to fill in required fields in TestProto in order to
+// do anything with it.  Note that we don't need to test every type of
+// required filed because the code output is basically identical to
+// optional fields for all types.
+message TestRequired {
+  required int32 a = 1;
+  optional int32 dummy2 = 2;
+  required int32 b = 3;
+
+  extend TestAllExtensions {
+    optional TestRequired single = 1000;
+    repeated TestRequired multi  = 1001;
+  }
+
+  // Pad the field count to 32 so that we can test that IsInitialized()
+  // properly checks multiple elements of has_bits_.
+  optional int32 dummy4  =  4;
+  optional int32 dummy5  =  5;
+  optional int32 dummy6  =  6;
+  optional int32 dummy7  =  7;
+  optional int32 dummy8  =  8;
+  optional int32 dummy9  =  9;
+  optional int32 dummy10 = 10;
+  optional int32 dummy11 = 11;
+  optional int32 dummy12 = 12;
+  optional int32 dummy13 = 13;
+  optional int32 dummy14 = 14;
+  optional int32 dummy15 = 15;
+  optional int32 dummy16 = 16;
+  optional int32 dummy17 = 17;
+  optional int32 dummy18 = 18;
+  optional int32 dummy19 = 19;
+  optional int32 dummy20 = 20;
+  optional int32 dummy21 = 21;
+  optional int32 dummy22 = 22;
+  optional int32 dummy23 = 23;
+  optional int32 dummy24 = 24;
+  optional int32 dummy25 = 25;
+  optional int32 dummy26 = 26;
+  optional int32 dummy27 = 27;
+  optional int32 dummy28 = 28;
+  optional int32 dummy29 = 29;
+  optional int32 dummy30 = 30;
+  optional int32 dummy31 = 31;
+  optional int32 dummy32 = 32;
+
+  required int32 c = 33;
+}
+
+message TestRequiredForeign {
+  optional TestRequired optional_message = 1;
+  repeated TestRequired repeated_message = 2;
+  optional int32 dummy = 3;
+}
+
+// Test that we can use NestedMessage from outside TestAllTypes.
+message TestForeignNested {
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage foreign_nested = 1;
+}
+
+// TestEmptyMessage is used to test unknown field support.
+message TestEmptyMessage {
+}
+
+// Like above, but declare all field numbers as potential extensions.  No
+// actual extensions should ever be defined for this type.
+message TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message TestMultipleExtensionRanges {
+  extensions 42;
+  extensions 4143 to 4243;
+  extensions 65536 to max;
+}
+
+// Test that really large tag numbers don't break anything.
+message TestReallyLargeTagNumber {
+  // The largest possible tag number is 2^28 - 1, since the wire format uses
+  // three bits to communicate wire type.
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional int32 bb = 268435455;
+}
+
+message TestRecursiveMessage {
+  optional TestRecursiveMessage a = 1;
+  optional int32 i = 2;
+}
+
+// Test that mutual recursion works.
+message TestMutualRecursionA {
+  optional TestMutualRecursionB bb = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMutualRecursionB {
+  optional TestMutualRecursionA a = 1;
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 2;
+}
+
+// Test that groups have disjoint field numbers from their siblings and
+// parents.  This is NOT possible in proto1; only proto2.  When attempting
+// to compile with proto1, this will emit an error; so we only include it
+// in protobuf_unittest_proto.
+message TestDupFieldNumber {                        // NO_PROTO1
+  optional int32 a = 1;                             // NO_PROTO1
+  optional group Foo = 2 { optional int32 a = 1; }  // NO_PROTO1
+  optional group Bar = 3 { optional int32 a = 1; }  // NO_PROTO1
+}                                                   // NO_PROTO1
+
+// Additional messages for testing lazy fields.
+message TestEagerMessage {
+  optional TestAllTypes sub_message = 1 [lazy=false];
+}
+message TestLazyMessage {
+  optional TestAllTypes sub_message = 1 [lazy=true];
+}
+
+// Needed for a Python test.
+message TestNestedMessageHasBits {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    repeated int32 nestedmessage_repeated_int32 = 1;
+    repeated ForeignMessage nestedmessage_repeated_foreignmessage = 2;
+  }
+  optional NestedMessage optional_nested_message = 1;
+}
+
+
+// Test an enum that has multiple values with the same number.
+enum TestEnumWithDupValue {
+  option allow_alias = true;
+  FOO1 = 1;
+  BAR1 = 2;
+  BAZ = 3;
+  FOO2 = 1;
+  BAR2 = 2;
+}
+
+// Test an enum with large, unordered values.
+enum TestSparseEnum {
+  SPARSE_A = 123;
+  SPARSE_B = 62374;
+  SPARSE_C = 12589234;
+  SPARSE_D = -15;
+  SPARSE_E = -53452;
+  SPARSE_F = 0;
+  SPARSE_G = 2;
+}
+
+// Test message with CamelCase field names.  This violates Protocol Buffer
+// standard style.
+message TestCamelCaseFieldNames {
+  optional int32 PrimitiveField = 1;
+  optional string StringField = 2;
+  optional ForeignEnum EnumField = 3;
+  optional ForeignMessage MessageField = 4;
+  optional string StringPieceField = 5 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string CordField = 6 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated int32 RepeatedPrimitiveField = 7;
+  repeated string RepeatedStringField = 8;
+  repeated ForeignEnum RepeatedEnumField = 9;
+  repeated ForeignMessage RepeatedMessageField = 10;
+  repeated string RepeatedStringPieceField = 11 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string RepeatedCordField = 12 [ctype=CORD];
+}
+
+
+// We list fields out of order, to ensure that we're using field number and not
+// field index to determine serialization order.
+message TestFieldOrderings {
+  optional string my_string = 11;
+  extensions 2 to 10;
+  optional int64 my_int = 1;
+  extensions 12 to 100;
+  optional float my_float = 101;
+}
+
+
+extend TestFieldOrderings {
+  optional string my_extension_string = 50;
+  optional int32 my_extension_int = 5;
+}
+
+
+message TestExtremeDefaultValues {
+  optional bytes escaped_bytes = 1 [default = "\0\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'\"\xfe"];
+  optional uint32 large_uint32 = 2 [default = 0xFFFFFFFF];
+  optional uint64 large_uint64 = 3 [default = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF];
+  optional  int32 small_int32  = 4 [default = -0x7FFFFFFF];
+  optional  int64 small_int64  = 5 [default = -0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF];
+  optional  int32 really_small_int32 = 21 [default = -0x80000000];
+  optional  int64 really_small_int64 = 22 [default = -0x8000000000000000];
+
+  // The default value here is UTF-8 for "\u1234".  (We could also just type
+  // the UTF-8 text directly into this text file rather than escape it, but
+  // lots of people use editors that would be confused by this.)
+  optional string utf8_string = 6 [default = "\341\210\264"];
+
+  // Tests for single-precision floating-point values.
+  optional float zero_float = 7 [default = 0];
+  optional float one_float = 8 [default = 1];
+  optional float small_float = 9 [default = 1.5];
+  optional float negative_one_float = 10 [default = -1];
+  optional float negative_float = 11 [default = -1.5];
+  // Using exponents
+  optional float large_float = 12 [default = 2E8];
+  optional float small_negative_float = 13 [default = -8e-28];
+
+  // Text for nonfinite floating-point values.
+  optional double inf_double = 14 [default = inf];
+  optional double neg_inf_double = 15 [default = -inf];
+  optional double nan_double = 16 [default = nan];
+  optional float inf_float = 17 [default = inf];
+  optional float neg_inf_float = 18 [default = -inf];
+  optional float nan_float = 19 [default = nan];
+
+  // Tests for C++ trigraphs.
+  // Trigraphs should be escaped in C++ generated files, but they should not be
+  // escaped for other languages.
+  // Note that in .proto file, "\?" is a valid way to escape ? in string
+  // literals.
+  optional string cpp_trigraph = 20 [default = "? \? ?? \?? \??? ??/ ?\?-"];
+
+  // String defaults containing the character '\000'
+  optional string string_with_zero       = 23 [default = "hel\000lo"];
+  optional  bytes bytes_with_zero        = 24 [default = "wor\000ld"];
+  optional string string_piece_with_zero = 25 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,
+                                               default="ab\000c"];
+  optional string cord_with_zero         = 26 [ctype=CORD,
+                                               default="12\0003"];
+}
+
+message SparseEnumMessage {
+  optional TestSparseEnum sparse_enum = 1;
+}
+
+// Test String and Bytes: string is for valid UTF-8 strings
+message OneString {
+  optional string data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreString {
+  repeated string data = 1;
+}
+
+message OneBytes {
+  optional bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreBytes {
+  repeated bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+
+// Test messages for packed fields
+
+message TestPackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// A message with the same fields as TestPackedTypes, but without packing. Used
+// to test packed <-> unpacked wire compatibility.
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 unpacked_int32    =  90 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 unpacked_int64    =  91 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 unpacked_uint32   =  92 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 unpacked_uint64   =  93 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 unpacked_sint32   =  94 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 unpacked_sint64   =  95 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 unpacked_fixed32  =  96 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 unpacked_fixed64  =  97 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 unpacked_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 unpacked_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float unpacked_float    = 100 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double unpacked_double   = 101 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool unpacked_bool     = 102 [packed = false];
+  repeated ForeignEnum unpacked_enum  = 103 [packed = false];
+}
+
+message TestPackedExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestPackedExtensions {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32_extension    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64_extension    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32_extension   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64_extension   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32_extension   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64_extension   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32_extension  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64_extension  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32_extension =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64_extension =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float_extension    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double_extension   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool_extension     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum_extension  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// Used by ExtensionSetTest/DynamicExtensions.  The test actually builds
+// a set of extensions to TestAllExtensions dynamically, based on the fields
+// of this message type.
+message TestDynamicExtensions {
+  enum DynamicEnumType {
+    DYNAMIC_FOO = 2200;
+    DYNAMIC_BAR = 2201;
+    DYNAMIC_BAZ = 2202;
+  }
+  message DynamicMessageType {
+    optional int32 dynamic_field = 2100;
+  }
+
+  optional fixed32 scalar_extension = 2000;
+  optional ForeignEnum enum_extension = 2001;
+  optional DynamicEnumType dynamic_enum_extension = 2002;
+
+  optional ForeignMessage message_extension = 2003;
+  optional DynamicMessageType dynamic_message_extension = 2004;
+
+  repeated string repeated_extension = 2005;
+  repeated sint32 packed_extension = 2006 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes {
+  // Parsing repeated fixed size values used to fail. This message needs to be
+  // used in order to get a tag of the right size; all of the repeated fields
+  // in TestAllTypes didn't trigger the check.
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 12;
+  // Check for a varint type, just for good measure.
+  repeated int32   repeated_int32   = 13;
+
+  // These have two-byte tags.
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 2046;
+  repeated int64   repeated_int64   = 2047;
+
+  // Three byte tags.
+  repeated float   repeated_float   = 262142;
+  repeated uint64  repeated_uint64  = 262143;
+}
+
+// Test that if an optional or required message/group field appears multiple
+// times in the input, they need to be merged.
+message TestParsingMerge {
+  // RepeatedFieldsGenerator defines matching field types as TestParsingMerge,
+  // except that all fields are repeated. In the tests, we will serialize the
+  // RepeatedFieldsGenerator to bytes, and parse the bytes to TestParsingMerge.
+  // Repeated fields in RepeatedFieldsGenerator are expected to be merged into
+  // the corresponding required/optional fields in TestParsingMerge.
+  message RepeatedFieldsGenerator {
+    repeated TestAllTypes field1 = 1;
+    repeated TestAllTypes field2 = 2;
+    repeated TestAllTypes field3 = 3;
+    repeated group Group1 = 10 {
+      optional TestAllTypes field1 = 11;
+    }
+    repeated group Group2 = 20 {
+      optional TestAllTypes field1 = 21;
+    }
+    repeated TestAllTypes ext1 = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypes ext2 = 1001;
+  }
+  required TestAllTypes required_all_types = 1;
+  optional TestAllTypes optional_all_types = 2;
+  repeated TestAllTypes repeated_all_types = 3;
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 10 {
+    optional TestAllTypes optional_group_all_types = 11;
+  }
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 20 {
+    optional TestAllTypes repeated_group_all_types = 21;
+  }
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+  extend TestParsingMerge {
+    optional TestAllTypes optional_ext = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypes repeated_ext = 1001;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestCommentInjectionMessage {
+  // */ <- This should not close the generated doc comment
+  optional string a = 1 [default="*/ <- Neither should this."];
+}
+
+
+// Test that RPC services work.
+message FooRequest  {}
+message FooResponse {}
+
+message FooClientMessage {}
+message FooServerMessage{}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Foo(FooRequest) returns (FooResponse);
+  rpc Bar(BarRequest) returns (BarResponse);
+}
+
+
+message BarRequest  {}
+message BarResponse {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e591d2944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: benjy@google.com (Benjy Weinberger)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file used to test the "custom options" feature of proto2.
+
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;
+
+// A custom file option (defined below).
+option (file_opt1) = 9876543210;
+
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+
+// Some simple test custom options of various types.
+
+extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+  optional uint64 file_opt1 = 7736974;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  optional int32 message_opt1 = 7739036;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
+  optional fixed64 field_opt1 = 7740936;
+  // This is useful for testing that we correctly register default values for
+  // extension options.
+  optional int32 field_opt2 = 7753913 [default=42];
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.EnumOptions {
+  optional sfixed32 enum_opt1 = 7753576;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions {
+  optional int32 enum_value_opt1 = 1560678;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.ServiceOptions {
+  optional sint64 service_opt1 = 7887650;
+}
+
+enum MethodOpt1 {
+  METHODOPT1_VAL1 = 1;
+  METHODOPT1_VAL2 = 2;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MethodOptions {
+  optional MethodOpt1 method_opt1 = 7890860;
+}
+
+// A test message with custom options at all possible locations (and also some
+// regular options, to make sure they interact nicely).
+message TestMessageWithCustomOptions {
+  option message_set_wire_format = false;
+
+  option (message_opt1) = -56;
+
+  optional string field1 = 1 [ctype=CORD,
+                              (field_opt1)=8765432109];
+
+  enum AnEnum {
+    option (enum_opt1) = -789;
+
+    ANENUM_VAL1 = 1;
+    ANENUM_VAL2 = 2 [(enum_value_opt1) = 123];
+  }
+}
+
+
+// A test RPC service with custom options at all possible locations (and also
+// some regular options, to make sure they interact nicely).
+message CustomOptionFooRequest {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooResponse {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooClientMessage {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooServerMessage {
+}
+
+service TestServiceWithCustomOptions {
+  option (service_opt1) = -9876543210;
+
+  rpc Foo(CustomOptionFooRequest) returns (CustomOptionFooResponse) {
+    option (method_opt1) = METHODOPT1_VAL2;
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+// Options of every possible field type, so we can test them all exhaustively.
+
+message DummyMessageContainingEnum {
+  enum TestEnumType {
+    TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE1 = 22;
+    TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE2 = -23;
+  }
+}
+
+message DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType {
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  optional         bool     bool_opt = 7706090;
+  optional        int32    int32_opt = 7705709;
+  optional        int64    int64_opt = 7705542;
+  optional       uint32   uint32_opt = 7704880;
+  optional       uint64   uint64_opt = 7702367;
+  optional       sint32   sint32_opt = 7701568;
+  optional       sint64   sint64_opt = 7700863;
+  optional      fixed32  fixed32_opt = 7700307;
+  optional      fixed64  fixed64_opt = 7700194;
+  optional     sfixed32 sfixed32_opt = 7698645;
+  optional     sfixed64 sfixed64_opt = 7685475;
+  optional        float    float_opt = 7675390;
+  optional       double   double_opt = 7673293;
+  optional       string   string_opt = 7673285;
+  optional        bytes    bytes_opt = 7673238;
+  optional DummyMessageContainingEnum.TestEnumType enum_opt = 7673233;
+  optional DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType message_type_opt = 7665967;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionMinIntegerValues {
+  option     (bool_opt) = false;
+  option    (int32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option    (int64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+  option   (uint32_opt) = 0;
+  option   (uint64_opt) = 0;
+  option   (sint32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option   (sint64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+  option  (fixed32_opt) = 0;
+  option  (fixed64_opt) = 0;
+  option (sfixed32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option (sfixed64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues {
+  option     (bool_opt) = true;
+  option    (int32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option    (int64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (uint32_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (uint64_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (sint32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option   (sint64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option  (fixed32_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  option  (fixed64_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option (sfixed32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option (sfixed64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionOtherValues {
+  option  (int32_opt) = -100;  // To test sign-extension.
+  option  (float_opt) = 12.3456789;
+  option (double_opt) = 1.234567890123456789;
+  option (string_opt) = "Hello, \"World\"";
+  option  (bytes_opt) = "Hello\0World";
+  option   (enum_opt) = TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE2;
+}
+
+message SettingRealsFromPositiveInts {
+  option  (float_opt) = 12;
+  option (double_opt) = 154;
+}
+
+message SettingRealsFromNegativeInts {
+  option  (float_opt) = -12;
+  option  (double_opt) = -154;
+}
+
+// Options of complex message types, themselves combined and extended in
+// various ways.
+
+message ComplexOptionType1 {
+  optional int32 foo = 1;
+  optional int32 foo2 = 2;
+  optional int32 foo3 = 3;
+
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message ComplexOptionType2 {
+  optional ComplexOptionType1 bar = 1;
+  optional int32 baz = 2;
+
+  message ComplexOptionType4 {
+    optional int32 waldo = 1;
+
+    extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+      optional ComplexOptionType4 complex_opt4 = 7633546;
+    }
+  }
+
+  optional ComplexOptionType4 fred = 3;
+
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message ComplexOptionType3 {
+  optional int32 qux = 1;
+
+  optional group ComplexOptionType5 = 2 {
+    optional int32 plugh = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+extend ComplexOptionType1 {
+  optional int32 quux = 7663707;
+  optional ComplexOptionType3 corge = 7663442;
+}
+
+extend ComplexOptionType2 {
+  optional int32 grault = 7650927;
+  optional ComplexOptionType1 garply = 7649992;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  optional protobuf_unittest.ComplexOptionType1 complex_opt1 = 7646756;
+  optional ComplexOptionType2 complex_opt2 = 7636949;
+  optional ComplexOptionType3 complex_opt3 = 7636463;
+  optional group ComplexOpt6 = 7595468 {
+    optional int32 xyzzy = 7593951;
+  }
+}
+
+// Note that we try various different ways of naming the same extension.
+message VariousComplexOptions {
+  option (.protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).foo = 42;
+  option (protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).(.protobuf_unittest.quux) = 324;
+  option (.protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).(protobuf_unittest.corge).qux = 876;
+  option (complex_opt2).baz = 987;
+  option (complex_opt2).(grault) = 654;
+  option (complex_opt2).bar.foo = 743;
+  option (complex_opt2).bar.(quux) = 1999;
+  option (complex_opt2).bar.(protobuf_unittest.corge).qux = 2008;
+  option (complex_opt2).(garply).foo = 741;
+  option (complex_opt2).(garply).(.protobuf_unittest.quux) = 1998;
+  option (complex_opt2).(protobuf_unittest.garply).(corge).qux = 2121;
+  option (ComplexOptionType2.ComplexOptionType4.complex_opt4).waldo = 1971;
+  option (complex_opt2).fred.waldo = 321;
+  option (protobuf_unittest.complex_opt3).qux = 9;
+  option (complex_opt3).complexoptiontype5.plugh = 22;
+  option (complexopt6).xyzzy = 24;
+}
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------
+// Definitions for testing aggregate option parsing.
+// See descriptor_unittest.cc.
+
+message AggregateMessageSet {
+  option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  extensions 4 to max;
+}
+
+message AggregateMessageSetElement {
+  extend AggregateMessageSet {
+    optional AggregateMessageSetElement message_set_extension = 15447542;
+  }
+  optional string s = 1;
+}
+
+// A helper type used to test aggregate option parsing
+message Aggregate {
+  optional int32 i = 1;
+  optional string s = 2;
+
+  // A nested object
+  optional Aggregate sub = 3;
+
+  // To test the parsing of extensions inside aggregate values
+  optional google.protobuf.FileOptions file = 4;
+  extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+    optional Aggregate nested = 15476903;
+  }
+
+  // An embedded message set
+  optional AggregateMessageSet mset = 5;
+}
+
+// Allow Aggregate to be used as an option at all possible locations
+// in the .proto grammer.
+extend google.protobuf.FileOptions      { optional Aggregate fileopt    = 15478479; }
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions   { optional Aggregate msgopt     = 15480088; }
+extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions     { optional Aggregate fieldopt   = 15481374; }
+extend google.protobuf.EnumOptions      { optional Aggregate enumopt    = 15483218; }
+extend google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions { optional Aggregate enumvalopt = 15486921; }
+extend google.protobuf.ServiceOptions   { optional Aggregate serviceopt = 15497145; }
+extend google.protobuf.MethodOptions    { optional Aggregate methodopt  = 15512713; }
+
+// Try using AggregateOption at different points in the proto grammar
+option (fileopt) = {
+  s: 'FileAnnotation'
+  // Also test the handling of comments
+  /* of both types */ i: 100
+
+  sub { s: 'NestedFileAnnotation' }
+
+  // Include a google.protobuf.FileOptions and recursively extend it with
+  // another fileopt.
+  file {
+    [protobuf_unittest.fileopt] {
+      s:'FileExtensionAnnotation'
+    }
+  }
+
+  // A message set inside an option value
+  mset {
+    [protobuf_unittest.AggregateMessageSetElement.message_set_extension] {
+      s: 'EmbeddedMessageSetElement'
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+message AggregateMessage {
+  option (msgopt) = { i:101 s:'MessageAnnotation' };
+  optional int32 fieldname = 1 [(fieldopt) = { s:'FieldAnnotation' }];
+}
+
+service AggregateService {
+  option (serviceopt) = { s:'ServiceAnnotation' };
+  rpc Method (AggregateMessage) returns (AggregateMessage) {
+    option (methodopt) = { s:'MethodAnnotation' };
+  }
+}
+
+enum AggregateEnum {
+  option (enumopt) = { s:'EnumAnnotation' };
+  VALUE = 1 [(enumvalopt) = { s:'EnumValueAnnotation' }];
+}
+
+// Test custom options for nested type.
+message NestedOptionType {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    option (message_opt1) = 1001;
+    optional int32 nested_field = 1 [(field_opt1) = 1002];
+  }
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    option (enum_opt1) = 1003;
+    NESTED_ENUM_VALUE = 1 [(enum_value_opt1) = 1004];
+  }
+  extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+    optional int32 nested_extension = 7912573 [(field_opt2) = 1005];
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa1762594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file which imports a proto file that uses optimize_for = CODE_SIZE.
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// We optimize for speed here, but we are importing a proto that is optimized
+// for code size.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+message TestEmbedOptimizedForSize {
+  // Test that embedding a message which has optimize_for = CODE_SIZE into
+  // one optimized for speed works.
+  optional TestOptimizedForSize optional_message = 1;
+  repeated TestOptimizedForSize repeated_message = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_empty.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_empty.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab12d1fb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_empty.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file intentionally left blank.  (At one point this wouldn't compile
+// correctly.)
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc0b7c16a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,1046 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file that has an extremely large descriptor.  Used to test that
+// descriptors over 64k don't break the string literal length limit in Java.
+
+
+package google.protobuf;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+
+// Avoid generating insanely long methods.
+option optimize_for = CODE_SIZE;
+
+message TestEnormousDescriptor {
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_1 = 1 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_2 = 2 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_3 = 3 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_4 = 4 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_5 = 5 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_6 = 6 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_7 = 7 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_8 = 8 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_9 = 9 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_10 = 10 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_11 = 11 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_12 = 12 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_13 = 13 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_14 = 14 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_15 = 15 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_16 = 16 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_17 = 17 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_18 = 18 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_19 = 19 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_20 = 20 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_21 = 21 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_22 = 22 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_23 = 23 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_24 = 24 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_25 = 25 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_26 = 26 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_27 = 27 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_28 = 28 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_29 = 29 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_30 = 30 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_31 = 31 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_32 = 32 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_33 = 33 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_34 = 34 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_35 = 35 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_36 = 36 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_37 = 37 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_38 = 38 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_39 = 39 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_40 = 40 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_41 = 41 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_42 = 42 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_43 = 43 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_44 = 44 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_45 = 45 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_46 = 46 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_47 = 47 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_48 = 48 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_49 = 49 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_50 = 50 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_51 = 51 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_52 = 52 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_53 = 53 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_54 = 54 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_55 = 55 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_56 = 56 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_57 = 57 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_58 = 58 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_59 = 59 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_60 = 60 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_61 = 61 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_62 = 62 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_63 = 63 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_64 = 64 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_65 = 65 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_66 = 66 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_67 = 67 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_68 = 68 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_69 = 69 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_70 = 70 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_71 = 71 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_72 = 72 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_73 = 73 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_74 = 74 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_75 = 75 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_76 = 76 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_77 = 77 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_78 = 78 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_79 = 79 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_80 = 80 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_81 = 81 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_82 = 82 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_83 = 83 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_84 = 84 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_85 = 85 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_86 = 86 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_87 = 87 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_88 = 88 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_89 = 89 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_90 = 90 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_91 = 91 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_92 = 92 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_93 = 93 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_94 = 94 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_95 = 95 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_96 = 96 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_97 = 97 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_98 = 98 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_99 = 99 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_100 = 100 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_101 = 101 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_102 = 102 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_103 = 103 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_104 = 104 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_105 = 105 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_106 = 106 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_107 = 107 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_108 = 108 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_109 = 109 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_110 = 110 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_111 = 111 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_112 = 112 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_113 = 113 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_114 = 114 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_115 = 115 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_116 = 116 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_117 = 117 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_118 = 118 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_119 = 119 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_120 = 120 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_121 = 121 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_122 = 122 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_123 = 123 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_124 = 124 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_125 = 125 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_126 = 126 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_127 = 127 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_128 = 128 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_129 = 129 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_130 = 130 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_131 = 131 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_132 = 132 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_133 = 133 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_134 = 134 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_135 = 135 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_136 = 136 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_137 = 137 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_138 = 138 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_139 = 139 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_140 = 140 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_141 = 141 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_142 = 142 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_143 = 143 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_144 = 144 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_145 = 145 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_146 = 146 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_147 = 147 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_148 = 148 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_149 = 149 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_150 = 150 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_151 = 151 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_152 = 152 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_153 = 153 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_154 = 154 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_155 = 155 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_156 = 156 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_157 = 157 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_158 = 158 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_159 = 159 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_160 = 160 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_161 = 161 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_162 = 162 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_163 = 163 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_164 = 164 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_165 = 165 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_166 = 166 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_167 = 167 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_168 = 168 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_169 = 169 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_170 = 170 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_171 = 171 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_172 = 172 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_173 = 173 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_174 = 174 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_175 = 175 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_176 = 176 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_177 = 177 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_178 = 178 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_179 = 179 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_180 = 180 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_181 = 181 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_182 = 182 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_183 = 183 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_184 = 184 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_185 = 185 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_186 = 186 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_187 = 187 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_188 = 188 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_189 = 189 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_190 = 190 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_191 = 191 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_192 = 192 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_193 = 193 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_194 = 194 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_195 = 195 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_196 = 196 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_197 = 197 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_198 = 198 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_199 = 199 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_200 = 200 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_201 = 201 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_202 = 202 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_203 = 203 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_204 = 204 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_205 = 205 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_206 = 206 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_207 = 207 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_208 = 208 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_209 = 209 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_210 = 210 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_211 = 211 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_212 = 212 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_213 = 213 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_214 = 214 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_215 = 215 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_216 = 216 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_217 = 217 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_218 = 218 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_219 = 219 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_220 = 220 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_221 = 221 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_222 = 222 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_223 = 223 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_224 = 224 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_225 = 225 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_226 = 226 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_227 = 227 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_228 = 228 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_229 = 229 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_230 = 230 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_231 = 231 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_232 = 232 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_233 = 233 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_234 = 234 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_235 = 235 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_236 = 236 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_237 = 237 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_238 = 238 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_239 = 239 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_240 = 240 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_241 = 241 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_242 = 242 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_243 = 243 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_244 = 244 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_245 = 245 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_246 = 246 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_247 = 247 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_248 = 248 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_249 = 249 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_250 = 250 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_251 = 251 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_252 = 252 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_253 = 253 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_254 = 254 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_255 = 255 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_256 = 256 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_257 = 257 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_258 = 258 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_259 = 259 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_260 = 260 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_261 = 261 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_262 = 262 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_263 = 263 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_264 = 264 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_265 = 265 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_266 = 266 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_267 = 267 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_268 = 268 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_269 = 269 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_270 = 270 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_271 = 271 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_272 = 272 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_273 = 273 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_274 = 274 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_275 = 275 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_276 = 276 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_277 = 277 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_278 = 278 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_279 = 279 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_280 = 280 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_281 = 281 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_282 = 282 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_283 = 283 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_284 = 284 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_285 = 285 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_286 = 286 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_287 = 287 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_288 = 288 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_289 = 289 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_290 = 290 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_291 = 291 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_292 = 292 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_293 = 293 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_294 = 294 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_295 = 295 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_296 = 296 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_297 = 297 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_298 = 298 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_299 = 299 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_300 = 300 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_301 = 301 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_302 = 302 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_303 = 303 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_304 = 304 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_305 = 305 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_306 = 306 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_307 = 307 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_308 = 308 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_309 = 309 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_310 = 310 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_311 = 311 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_312 = 312 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_313 = 313 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_314 = 314 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_315 = 315 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_316 = 316 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_317 = 317 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_318 = 318 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_319 = 319 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_320 = 320 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_321 = 321 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_322 = 322 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_323 = 323 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_324 = 324 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_325 = 325 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_326 = 326 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_327 = 327 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_328 = 328 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_329 = 329 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_330 = 330 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_331 = 331 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_332 = 332 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_333 = 333 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_334 = 334 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_335 = 335 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_336 = 336 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_337 = 337 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_338 = 338 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_339 = 339 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_340 = 340 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_341 = 341 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_342 = 342 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_343 = 343 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_344 = 344 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_345 = 345 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_346 = 346 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_347 = 347 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_348 = 348 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_349 = 349 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_350 = 350 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_351 = 351 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_352 = 352 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_353 = 353 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_354 = 354 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_355 = 355 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_356 = 356 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_357 = 357 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_358 = 358 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_359 = 359 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_360 = 360 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_361 = 361 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_362 = 362 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_363 = 363 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_364 = 364 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_365 = 365 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_366 = 366 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_367 = 367 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_368 = 368 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_369 = 369 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_370 = 370 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_371 = 371 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_372 = 372 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_373 = 373 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_374 = 374 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_375 = 375 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_376 = 376 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_377 = 377 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_378 = 378 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_379 = 379 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_380 = 380 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_381 = 381 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_382 = 382 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_383 = 383 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_384 = 384 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_385 = 385 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_386 = 386 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_387 = 387 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_388 = 388 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_389 = 389 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_390 = 390 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_391 = 391 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_392 = 392 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_393 = 393 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_394 = 394 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_395 = 395 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_396 = 396 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_397 = 397 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_398 = 398 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_399 = 399 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_400 = 400 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_401 = 401 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_402 = 402 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_403 = 403 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_404 = 404 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_405 = 405 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_406 = 406 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_407 = 407 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_408 = 408 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_409 = 409 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_410 = 410 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_411 = 411 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_412 = 412 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_413 = 413 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_414 = 414 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_415 = 415 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_416 = 416 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_417 = 417 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_418 = 418 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_419 = 419 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_420 = 420 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_421 = 421 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_422 = 422 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_423 = 423 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_424 = 424 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_425 = 425 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_426 = 426 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_427 = 427 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_428 = 428 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_429 = 429 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_430 = 430 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_431 = 431 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_432 = 432 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_433 = 433 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_434 = 434 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_435 = 435 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_436 = 436 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_437 = 437 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_438 = 438 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_439 = 439 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_440 = 440 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_441 = 441 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_442 = 442 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_443 = 443 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_444 = 444 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_445 = 445 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_446 = 446 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_447 = 447 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_448 = 448 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_449 = 449 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_450 = 450 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_451 = 451 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_452 = 452 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_453 = 453 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_454 = 454 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_455 = 455 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_456 = 456 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_457 = 457 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_458 = 458 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_459 = 459 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_460 = 460 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_461 = 461 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_462 = 462 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_463 = 463 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_464 = 464 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_465 = 465 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_466 = 466 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_467 = 467 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_468 = 468 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_469 = 469 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_470 = 470 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_471 = 471 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_472 = 472 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_473 = 473 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_474 = 474 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_475 = 475 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_476 = 476 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_477 = 477 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_478 = 478 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_479 = 479 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_480 = 480 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_481 = 481 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_482 = 482 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_483 = 483 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_484 = 484 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_485 = 485 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_486 = 486 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_487 = 487 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_488 = 488 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_489 = 489 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_490 = 490 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_491 = 491 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_492 = 492 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_493 = 493 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_494 = 494 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_495 = 495 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_496 = 496 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_497 = 497 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_498 = 498 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_499 = 499 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_500 = 500 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_501 = 501 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_502 = 502 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_503 = 503 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_504 = 504 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_505 = 505 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_506 = 506 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_507 = 507 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_508 = 508 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_509 = 509 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_510 = 510 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_511 = 511 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_512 = 512 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_513 = 513 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_514 = 514 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_515 = 515 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_516 = 516 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_517 = 517 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_518 = 518 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_519 = 519 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_520 = 520 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_521 = 521 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_522 = 522 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_523 = 523 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_524 = 524 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_525 = 525 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_526 = 526 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_527 = 527 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_528 = 528 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_529 = 529 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_530 = 530 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_531 = 531 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_532 = 532 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_533 = 533 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_534 = 534 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_535 = 535 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_536 = 536 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_537 = 537 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_538 = 538 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_539 = 539 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_540 = 540 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_541 = 541 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_542 = 542 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_543 = 543 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_544 = 544 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_545 = 545 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_546 = 546 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_547 = 547 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_548 = 548 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_549 = 549 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_550 = 550 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_551 = 551 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_552 = 552 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_553 = 553 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_554 = 554 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_555 = 555 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_556 = 556 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_557 = 557 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_558 = 558 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_559 = 559 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_560 = 560 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_561 = 561 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_562 = 562 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_563 = 563 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_564 = 564 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_565 = 565 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_566 = 566 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_567 = 567 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_568 = 568 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_569 = 569 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_570 = 570 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_571 = 571 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_572 = 572 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_573 = 573 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_574 = 574 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_575 = 575 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_576 = 576 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_577 = 577 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_578 = 578 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_579 = 579 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_580 = 580 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_581 = 581 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_582 = 582 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_583 = 583 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_584 = 584 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_585 = 585 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_586 = 586 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_587 = 587 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_588 = 588 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_589 = 589 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_590 = 590 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_591 = 591 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_592 = 592 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_593 = 593 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_594 = 594 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_595 = 595 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_596 = 596 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_597 = 597 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_598 = 598 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_599 = 599 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_600 = 600 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_601 = 601 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_602 = 602 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_603 = 603 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_604 = 604 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_605 = 605 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_606 = 606 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_607 = 607 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_608 = 608 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_609 = 609 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_610 = 610 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_611 = 611 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_612 = 612 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_613 = 613 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_614 = 614 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_615 = 615 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_616 = 616 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_617 = 617 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_618 = 618 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_619 = 619 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_620 = 620 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_621 = 621 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_622 = 622 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_623 = 623 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_624 = 624 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_625 = 625 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_626 = 626 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_627 = 627 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_628 = 628 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_629 = 629 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_630 = 630 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_631 = 631 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_632 = 632 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_633 = 633 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_634 = 634 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_635 = 635 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_636 = 636 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_637 = 637 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_638 = 638 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_639 = 639 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_640 = 640 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_641 = 641 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_642 = 642 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_643 = 643 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_644 = 644 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_645 = 645 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_646 = 646 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_647 = 647 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_648 = 648 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_649 = 649 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_650 = 650 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_651 = 651 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_652 = 652 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_653 = 653 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_654 = 654 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_655 = 655 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_656 = 656 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_657 = 657 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_658 = 658 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_659 = 659 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_660 = 660 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_661 = 661 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_662 = 662 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_663 = 663 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_664 = 664 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_665 = 665 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_666 = 666 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_667 = 667 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_668 = 668 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_669 = 669 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_670 = 670 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_671 = 671 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_672 = 672 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_673 = 673 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_674 = 674 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_675 = 675 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_676 = 676 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_677 = 677 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_678 = 678 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_679 = 679 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_680 = 680 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_681 = 681 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_682 = 682 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_683 = 683 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_684 = 684 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_685 = 685 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_686 = 686 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_687 = 687 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_688 = 688 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_689 = 689 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_690 = 690 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_691 = 691 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_692 = 692 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_693 = 693 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_694 = 694 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_695 = 695 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_696 = 696 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_697 = 697 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_698 = 698 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_699 = 699 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_700 = 700 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_701 = 701 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_702 = 702 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_703 = 703 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_704 = 704 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_705 = 705 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_706 = 706 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_707 = 707 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_708 = 708 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_709 = 709 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_710 = 710 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_711 = 711 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_712 = 712 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_713 = 713 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_714 = 714 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_715 = 715 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_716 = 716 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_717 = 717 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_718 = 718 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_719 = 719 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_720 = 720 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_721 = 721 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_722 = 722 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_723 = 723 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_724 = 724 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_725 = 725 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_726 = 726 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_727 = 727 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_728 = 728 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_729 = 729 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_730 = 730 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_731 = 731 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_732 = 732 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_733 = 733 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_734 = 734 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_735 = 735 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_736 = 736 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_737 = 737 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_738 = 738 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_739 = 739 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_740 = 740 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_741 = 741 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_742 = 742 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_743 = 743 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_744 = 744 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_745 = 745 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_746 = 746 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_747 = 747 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_748 = 748 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_749 = 749 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_750 = 750 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_751 = 751 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_752 = 752 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_753 = 753 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_754 = 754 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_755 = 755 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_756 = 756 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_757 = 757 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_758 = 758 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_759 = 759 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_760 = 760 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_761 = 761 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_762 = 762 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_763 = 763 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_764 = 764 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_765 = 765 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_766 = 766 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_767 = 767 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_768 = 768 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_769 = 769 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_770 = 770 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_771 = 771 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_772 = 772 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_773 = 773 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_774 = 774 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_775 = 775 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_776 = 776 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_777 = 777 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_778 = 778 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_779 = 779 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_780 = 780 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_781 = 781 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_782 = 782 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_783 = 783 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_784 = 784 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_785 = 785 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_786 = 786 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_787 = 787 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_788 = 788 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_789 = 789 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_790 = 790 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_791 = 791 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_792 = 792 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_793 = 793 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_794 = 794 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_795 = 795 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_796 = 796 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_797 = 797 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_798 = 798 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_799 = 799 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_800 = 800 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_801 = 801 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_802 = 802 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_803 = 803 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_804 = 804 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_805 = 805 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_806 = 806 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_807 = 807 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_808 = 808 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_809 = 809 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_810 = 810 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_811 = 811 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_812 = 812 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_813 = 813 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_814 = 814 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_815 = 815 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_816 = 816 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_817 = 817 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_818 = 818 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_819 = 819 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_820 = 820 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_821 = 821 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_822 = 822 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_823 = 823 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_824 = 824 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_825 = 825 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_826 = 826 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_827 = 827 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_828 = 828 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_829 = 829 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_830 = 830 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_831 = 831 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_832 = 832 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_833 = 833 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_834 = 834 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_835 = 835 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_836 = 836 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_837 = 837 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_838 = 838 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_839 = 839 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_840 = 840 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_841 = 841 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_842 = 842 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_843 = 843 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_844 = 844 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_845 = 845 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_846 = 846 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_847 = 847 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_848 = 848 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_849 = 849 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_850 = 850 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_851 = 851 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_852 = 852 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_853 = 853 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_854 = 854 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_855 = 855 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_856 = 856 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_857 = 857 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_858 = 858 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_859 = 859 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_860 = 860 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_861 = 861 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_862 = 862 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_863 = 863 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_864 = 864 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_865 = 865 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_866 = 866 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_867 = 867 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_868 = 868 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_869 = 869 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_870 = 870 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_871 = 871 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_872 = 872 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_873 = 873 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_874 = 874 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_875 = 875 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_876 = 876 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_877 = 877 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_878 = 878 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_879 = 879 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_880 = 880 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_881 = 881 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_882 = 882 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_883 = 883 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_884 = 884 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_885 = 885 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_886 = 886 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_887 = 887 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_888 = 888 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_889 = 889 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_890 = 890 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_891 = 891 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_892 = 892 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_893 = 893 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_894 = 894 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_895 = 895 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_896 = 896 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_897 = 897 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_898 = 898 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_899 = 899 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_900 = 900 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_901 = 901 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_902 = 902 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_903 = 903 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_904 = 904 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_905 = 905 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_906 = 906 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_907 = 907 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_908 = 908 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_909 = 909 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_910 = 910 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_911 = 911 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_912 = 912 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_913 = 913 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_914 = 914 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_915 = 915 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_916 = 916 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_917 = 917 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_918 = 918 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_919 = 919 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_920 = 920 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_921 = 921 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_922 = 922 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_923 = 923 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_924 = 924 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_925 = 925 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_926 = 926 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_927 = 927 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_928 = 928 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_929 = 929 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_930 = 930 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_931 = 931 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_932 = 932 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_933 = 933 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_934 = 934 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_935 = 935 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_936 = 936 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_937 = 937 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_938 = 938 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_939 = 939 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_940 = 940 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_941 = 941 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_942 = 942 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_943 = 943 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_944 = 944 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_945 = 945 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_946 = 946 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_947 = 947 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_948 = 948 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_949 = 949 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_950 = 950 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_951 = 951 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_952 = 952 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_953 = 953 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_954 = 954 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_955 = 955 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_956 = 956 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_957 = 957 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_958 = 958 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_959 = 959 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_960 = 960 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_961 = 961 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_962 = 962 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_963 = 963 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_964 = 964 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_965 = 965 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_966 = 966 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_967 = 967 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_968 = 968 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_969 = 969 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_970 = 970 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_971 = 971 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_972 = 972 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_973 = 973 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_974 = 974 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_975 = 975 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_976 = 976 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_977 = 977 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_978 = 978 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_979 = 979 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_980 = 980 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_981 = 981 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_982 = 982 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_983 = 983 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_984 = 984 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_985 = 985 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_986 = 986 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_987 = 987 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_988 = 988 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_989 = 989 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_990 = 990 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_991 = 991 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_992 = 992 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_993 = 993 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_994 = 994 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_995 = 995 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_996 = 996 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_997 = 997 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_998 = 998 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_999 = 999 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_1000 = 1000 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c115b1117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file which is imported by unittest.proto to test importing.
+
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do
+// "using namespace unittest_import = protobuf_unittest_import".
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+// Excercise the java_package option.
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+
+// Do not set a java_outer_classname here to verify that Proto2 works without
+// one.
+
+// Test public import
+import public "google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto";
+
+message ImportMessage {
+  optional int32 d = 1;
+}
+
+enum ImportEnum {
+  IMPORT_FOO = 7;
+  IMPORT_BAR = 8;
+  IMPORT_BAZ = 9;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81b117fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// This is like unittest_import.proto but with optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME.
+
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+
+import public "google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto";
+
+message ImportMessageLite {
+  optional int32 d = 1;
+}
+
+enum ImportEnumLite {
+  IMPORT_LITE_FOO = 7;
+  IMPORT_LITE_BAR = 8;
+  IMPORT_LITE_BAZ = 9;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea5d1b13f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+
+
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+
+message PublicImportMessage {
+  optional int32 e = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d077563cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+
+
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+
+message PublicImportMessageLite {
+  optional int32 e = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1764aac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// This is like unittest.proto but with optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME.
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto";
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+
+// Same as TestAllTypes but with the lite runtime.
+message TestAllTypesLite {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage      optional_nested_message  = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessageLite optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessageLite
+    optional_import_message = 20;
+
+  optional NestedEnum      optional_nested_enum     = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnumLite optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite optional_import_enum = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessageLite
+      optional_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  optional NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated NestedMessage      repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessageLite repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessageLite
+    repeated_import_message = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum      repeated_nested_enum  = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnumLite repeated_foreign_enum = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite repeated_import_enum = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32 = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64 = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional NestedEnum default_nested_enum = 81 [default = BAR];
+  optional ForeignEnumLite default_foreign_enum = 82
+      [default = FOREIGN_LITE_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite
+      default_import_enum = 83 [default = IMPORT_LITE_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord = 85 [ctype=CORD,default="123"];
+}
+
+message ForeignMessageLite {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnumLite {
+  FOREIGN_LITE_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_LITE_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+message TestPackedTypesLite {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnumLite packed_enum  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestAllExtensionsLite {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensionsLite {
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32_extension_lite    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64_extension_lite    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32_extension_lite   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64_extension_lite   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32_extension_lite   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64_extension_lite   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32_extension_lite  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64_extension_lite  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32_extension_lite =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64_extension_lite = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float_extension_lite    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double_extension_lite   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool_extension_lite     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string_extension_lite   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes_extension_lite    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup_extension_lite = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage optional_nested_message_extension_lite
+      = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessageLite optional_foreign_message_extension_lite = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessageLite
+    optional_import_message_extension_lite = 20;
+
+  optional TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum optional_nested_enum_extension_lite = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnumLite optional_foreign_enum_extension_lite = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite
+    optional_import_enum_extension_lite = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece_extension_lite = 24
+      [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord_extension_lite = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessageLite
+    optional_public_import_message_extension_lite = 26;
+
+  optional TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage
+    optional_lazy_message_extension_lite = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32_extension_lite    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64_extension_lite    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32_extension_lite   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64_extension_lite   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32_extension_lite   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64_extension_lite   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32_extension_lite  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64_extension_lite  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32_extension_lite = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64_extension_lite = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float_extension_lite    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double_extension_lite   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool_extension_lite     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string_extension_lite   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes_extension_lite    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup_extension_lite = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage repeated_nested_message_extension_lite
+      = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessageLite repeated_foreign_message_extension_lite = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessageLite
+    repeated_import_message_extension_lite = 50;
+
+  repeated TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum_extension_lite = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnumLite repeated_foreign_enum_extension_lite = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite
+    repeated_import_enum_extension_lite = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece_extension_lite = 54
+      [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord_extension_lite = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage
+    repeated_lazy_message_extension_lite = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32_extension_lite    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64_extension_lite    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32_extension_lite   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64_extension_lite   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32_extension_lite   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64_extension_lite   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32_extension_lite  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64_extension_lite  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32_extension_lite = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64_extension_lite = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float_extension_lite    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double_extension_lite   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool_extension_lite     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string_extension_lite   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes_extension_lite    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum
+    default_nested_enum_extension_lite = 81 [default = BAR];
+  optional ForeignEnumLite
+    default_foreign_enum_extension_lite = 82 [default = FOREIGN_LITE_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite
+    default_import_enum_extension_lite = 83 [default = IMPORT_LITE_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece_extension_lite = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,
+                                                            default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord_extension_lite = 85 [ctype=CORD, default="123"];
+}
+
+message TestPackedExtensionsLite {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestPackedExtensionsLite {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32_extension_lite    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64_extension_lite    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32_extension_lite   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64_extension_lite   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32_extension_lite   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64_extension_lite   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32_extension_lite  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64_extension_lite  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32_extension_lite =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64_extension_lite =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float_extension_lite    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double_extension_lite   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool_extension_lite     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnumLite packed_enum_extension_lite = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestNestedExtensionLite {
+  extend TestAllExtensionsLite {
+    optional int32 nested_extension = 12345;
+  }
+}
+
+// Test that deprecated fields work.  We only verify that they compile (at one
+// point this failed).
+message TestDeprecatedLite {
+  optional int32 deprecated_field = 1 [deprecated = true];
+}
+
+// See the comments of the same type in unittest.proto.
+message TestParsingMergeLite {
+  message RepeatedFieldsGenerator {
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite field1 = 1;
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite field2 = 2;
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite field3 = 3;
+    repeated group Group1 = 10 {
+      optional TestAllTypesLite field1 = 11;
+    }
+    repeated group Group2 = 20 {
+      optional TestAllTypesLite field1 = 21;
+    }
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite ext1 = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite ext2 = 1001;
+  }
+  required TestAllTypesLite required_all_types = 1;
+  optional TestAllTypesLite optional_all_types = 2;
+  repeated TestAllTypesLite repeated_all_types = 3;
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 10 {
+    optional TestAllTypesLite optional_group_all_types = 11;
+  }
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 20 {
+    optional TestAllTypesLite repeated_group_all_types = 21;
+  }
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+  extend TestParsingMergeLite {
+    optional TestAllTypesLite optional_ext = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite repeated_ext = 1001;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d52cb8cc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// Tests that a "lite" message can import a regular message.
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+message TestLiteImportsNonlite {
+  optional TestAllTypes message = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3497f09fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file contains messages for testing message_set_wire_format.
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+// A message with message_set_wire_format.
+message TestMessageSet {
+  option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  extensions 4 to max;
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetContainer {
+  optional TestMessageSet message_set = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetExtension1 {
+  extend TestMessageSet {
+    optional TestMessageSetExtension1 message_set_extension = 1545008;
+  }
+  optional int32 i = 15;
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetExtension2 {
+  extend TestMessageSet {
+    optional TestMessageSetExtension2 message_set_extension = 1547769;
+  }
+  optional string str = 25;
+}
+
+// MessageSet wire format is equivalent to this.
+message RawMessageSet {
+  repeated group Item = 1 {
+    required int32 type_id = 2;
+    required bytes message = 3;
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cffb4122c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+package google.protobuf.no_generic_services_test;
+
+// *_generic_services are false by default.
+
+message TestMessage {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  FOO = 1;
+}
+
+extend TestMessage {
+  optional int32 test_extension = 1000;
+}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Foo(TestMessage) returns(TestMessage);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..658c6a965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file which uses optimize_for = CODE_SIZE.
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option optimize_for = CODE_SIZE;
+
+message TestOptimizedForSize {
+  optional int32 i = 1;
+  optional ForeignMessage msg = 19;
+
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+
+  extend TestOptimizedForSize {
+    optional int32 test_extension = 1234;
+    optional TestRequiredOptimizedForSize test_extension2 = 1235;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestRequiredOptimizedForSize {
+  required int32 x = 1;
+}
+
+message TestOptionalOptimizedForSize {
+  optional TestRequiredOptimizedForSize o = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/test.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f67dc7616
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+
+# Change to the script's directory.
+cd $(dirname $0)
+
+MAVEN_LOCAL_REPOSITORY=/var/maven_local_repository
+MVN="mvn --batch-mode -e -X -Dhttps.protocols=TLSv1.2 -Dmaven.repo.local=$MAVEN_LOCAL_REPOSITORY"
+
+# Version of the tests (i.e., the version of protobuf from where we extracted
+# these tests).
+TEST_VERSION=`grep "^  <version>.*</version>" pom.xml | sed "s|  <version>\(.*\)</version>|\1|"`
+
+# The old version of protobuf that we are testing compatibility against. This
+# is usually the same as TEST_VERSION (i.e., we use the tests extracted from
+# that version to test compatibility of the newest runtime against it), but it
+# is also possible to use this same test set to test the compatibiilty of the
+# latest version against other versions.
+OLD_VERSION=$1
+OLD_VERSION_PROTOC=https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/google/protobuf/protoc/$OLD_VERSION/protoc-$OLD_VERSION-linux-x86_64.exe
+
+# Extract the latest protobuf version number.
+VERSION_NUMBER=`grep "^  <version>.*</version>" ../../pom.xml | sed "s|  <version>\(.*\)</version>|\1|"`
+
+echo "Running compatibility tests between current $VERSION_NUMBER and released $OLD_VERSION"
+
+# Check protoc
+[ -f ../../../src/protoc ] || {
+  echo "[ERROR]: Please build protoc first."
+  exit 1
+}
+
+# Build and install protobuf-java-$VERSION_NUMBER.jar
+[ -f ../../core/target/protobuf-java-$VERSION_NUMBER.jar ] || {
+  pushd ../..
+  $MVN install -Dmaven.test.skip=true
+  popd
+}
+
+# Download old version source for the compatibility test
+[ -d protobuf ] || {
+  git clone https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf.git
+  cd protobuf
+  git reset --hard v$TEST_VERSION
+  cd ..
+}
+
+# Download old version protoc compiler (for linux)
+wget $OLD_VERSION_PROTOC -O protoc
+chmod +x protoc
+
+# Test source compatibility. In these tests we recompile everything against
+# the new runtime (including old version generated code).
+
+# Test A.1:
+#   protos: use new version
+#   more_protos: use old version
+$MVN clean test \
+  -Dprotobuf.test.source.path=$(pwd)/protobuf \
+  -Dprotoc.path=$(pwd)/protoc \
+  -Dprotos.protoc.path=$(pwd)/../../../src/protoc \
+  -Dprotobuf.version=$VERSION_NUMBER
+
+# Test A.2:
+#   protos: use old version
+#   more_protos: use new version
+$MVN clean test \
+  -Dprotobuf.test.source.path=$(pwd)/protobuf \
+  -Dprotoc.path=$(pwd)/protoc \
+  -Dmore_protos.protoc.path=$(pwd)/../../../src/protoc \
+  -Dprotobuf.version=$VERSION_NUMBER
+
+# Test binary compatibility. In these tests we run the old version compiled
+# jar against the new runtime directly without recompile.
+
+# Collect all test dependencies in a single jar file (except for protobuf) to
+# make it easier to run binary compatibility test (where we will need to run
+# the jar files directly).
+cd deps
+$MVN assembly:single
+cd ..
+cp -f deps/target/compatibility-test-deps-${TEST_VERSION}-jar-with-dependencies.jar deps.jar
+
+# Build the old version of all 3 artifacts.
+$MVN clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Dprotoc.path=$(pwd)/protoc -Dprotobuf.version=$OLD_VERSION
+cp -f protos/target/compatibility-protos-${TEST_VERSION}.jar protos.jar
+cp -f more_protos/target/compatibility-more-protos-${TEST_VERSION}.jar more_protos.jar
+cp -f tests/target/compatibility-tests-${TEST_VERSION}.jar tests.jar
+
+# Collect the list of tests we need to run.
+TESTS=`find tests -name "*Test.java" | sed "s|/|.|g;s/.java$//g;s/tests.src.main.java.//g"`
+
+# Test B.1: run all the old artifacts against the new runtime. Note that we
+# must run the test in the protobuf source tree because some of the tests need
+# to read golden test data files.
+cd protobuf
+java -cp ../../../core/target/protobuf-java-$VERSION_NUMBER.jar:../protos.jar:../more_protos.jar:../tests.jar:../deps.jar org.junit.runner.JUnitCore $TESTS
+cd ..
+
+# Test B.2: update protos.jar only.
+cd protos
+$MVN clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Dprotoc.path=$(pwd)/../../../../src/protoc -Dprotobuf.version=$VERSION_NUMBER
+cd ..
+cd protobuf
+java -cp ../../../core/target/protobuf-java-$VERSION_NUMBER.jar:../protos/target/compatibility-protos-${TEST_VERSION}.jar:../more_protos.jar:../tests.jar:../deps.jar org.junit.runner.JUnitCore $TESTS
+cd ..
+
+# Test B.3: update more_protos.jar only.
+cd more_protos
+$MVN clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Dprotoc.path=$(pwd)/../../../../src/protoc -Dprotobuf.version=$VERSION_NUMBER
+cd ..
+cd protobuf
+java -cp ../../../core/target/protobuf-java-$VERSION_NUMBER.jar:../protos.jar:../more_protos/target/compatibility-more-protos-${TEST_VERSION}.jar:../tests.jar:../deps.jar org.junit.runner.JUnitCore $TESTS
+cd ..
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/pom.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1ce46e7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>com.google.protobuf.compatibility</groupId>
+    <artifactId>compatibility-test-suite</artifactId>
+    <version>2.5.0</version>
+    <relativePath>..</relativePath>
+  </parent>
+
+  <groupId>com.google.protobuf.compatibility</groupId>
+  <artifactId>compatibility-tests</artifactId>
+  <version>2.5.0</version>
+
+  <name>Compatibility Tests</name>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>junit</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+      <version>4.4</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
+      <artifactId>easymock</artifactId>
+      <version>2.2</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
+      <artifactId>easymockclassextension</artifactId>
+      <version>2.2.1</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+      <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
+      <version>${tests.protobuf.version}</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.protobuf.compatibility</groupId>
+      <artifactId>compatibility-protos</artifactId>
+      <version>2.5.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.protobuf.compatibility</groupId>
+      <artifactId>compatibility-more-protos</artifactId>
+      <version>2.5.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+        <configuration>
+          <source>1.6</source>
+          <target>1.6</target>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+        <configuration>
+          <testSourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/main/java/</testSourceDirectory>
+          <testClassesDirectory>${project.build.directory}/classes/</testClassesDirectory>
+          <includes>
+            <include>**/*Test.java</include>
+          </includes>
+          <workingDirectory>${protobuf.test.source.path}</workingDirectory>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/AbstractMessageTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/AbstractMessageTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6789550c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/AbstractMessageTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestOptimizeFor.TestOptimizedForSize;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequiredForeign;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestUnpackedTypes;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link AbstractMessage}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class AbstractMessageTest extends TestCase {
+  /**
+   * Extends AbstractMessage and wraps some other message object.  The methods
+   * of the Message interface which aren't explicitly implemented by
+   * AbstractMessage are forwarded to the wrapped object.  This allows us to
+   * test that AbstractMessage's implementations work even if the wrapped
+   * object does not use them.
+   */
+  private static class AbstractMessageWrapper extends AbstractMessage {
+    private final Message wrappedMessage;
+
+    public AbstractMessageWrapper(Message wrappedMessage) {
+      this.wrappedMessage = wrappedMessage;
+    }
+
+    public Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
+      return wrappedMessage.getDescriptorForType();
+    }
+    public AbstractMessageWrapper getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+      return new AbstractMessageWrapper(
+        wrappedMessage.getDefaultInstanceForType());
+    }
+    public Map<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+      return wrappedMessage.getAllFields();
+    }
+    public boolean hasField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return wrappedMessage.hasField(field);
+    }
+    public Object getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return wrappedMessage.getField(field);
+    }
+    public int getRepeatedFieldCount(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return wrappedMessage.getRepeatedFieldCount(field);
+    }
+    public Object getRepeatedField(
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index) {
+      return wrappedMessage.getRepeatedField(field, index);
+    }
+    public UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
+      return wrappedMessage.getUnknownFields();
+    }
+    public Builder newBuilderForType() {
+      return new Builder(wrappedMessage.newBuilderForType());
+    }
+    public Builder toBuilder() {
+      return new Builder(wrappedMessage.toBuilder());
+    }
+
+    static class Builder extends AbstractMessage.Builder<Builder> {
+      private final Message.Builder wrappedBuilder;
+
+      public Builder(Message.Builder wrappedBuilder) {
+        this.wrappedBuilder = wrappedBuilder;
+      }
+
+      public AbstractMessageWrapper build() {
+        return new AbstractMessageWrapper(wrappedBuilder.build());
+      }
+      public AbstractMessageWrapper buildPartial() {
+        return new AbstractMessageWrapper(wrappedBuilder.buildPartial());
+      }
+      public Builder clone() {
+        return new Builder(wrappedBuilder.clone());
+      }
+      public boolean isInitialized() {
+        return clone().buildPartial().isInitialized();
+      }
+      public Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
+        return wrappedBuilder.getDescriptorForType();
+      }
+      public AbstractMessageWrapper getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+        return new AbstractMessageWrapper(
+          wrappedBuilder.getDefaultInstanceForType());
+      }
+      public Map<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+        return wrappedBuilder.getAllFields();
+      }
+      public Builder newBuilderForField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+        return new Builder(wrappedBuilder.newBuilderForField(field));
+      }
+      public boolean hasField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+        return wrappedBuilder.hasField(field);
+      }
+      public Object getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+        return wrappedBuilder.getField(field);
+      }
+      public Builder setField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value) {
+        wrappedBuilder.setField(field, value);
+        return this;
+      }
+      public Builder clearField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+        wrappedBuilder.clearField(field);
+        return this;
+      }
+      public int getRepeatedFieldCount(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+        return wrappedBuilder.getRepeatedFieldCount(field);
+      }
+      public Object getRepeatedField(
+          Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index) {
+        return wrappedBuilder.getRepeatedField(field, index);
+      }
+      public Builder setRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+                                      int index, Object value) {
+        wrappedBuilder.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
+        return this;
+      }
+      public Builder addRepeatedField(
+          Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value) {
+        wrappedBuilder.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+        return this;
+      }
+      public UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
+        return wrappedBuilder.getUnknownFields();
+      }
+      public Builder setUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+        wrappedBuilder.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+        return this;
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder getFieldBuilder(FieldDescriptor field) {
+        return wrappedBuilder.getFieldBuilder(field);
+      }
+    }
+    public Parser<? extends Message> getParserForType() {
+      return wrappedMessage.getParserForType();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  TestUtil.ReflectionTester reflectionTester =
+    new TestUtil.ReflectionTester(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), null);
+
+  TestUtil.ReflectionTester extensionsReflectionTester =
+    new TestUtil.ReflectionTester(TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor(),
+                                  TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry());
+
+  public void testClear() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper message =
+      new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(
+          TestAllTypes.newBuilder(TestUtil.getAllSet()))
+        .clear().build();
+    TestUtil.assertClear((TestAllTypes) message.wrappedMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testCopy() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper message =
+      new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestAllTypes.newBuilder())
+        .mergeFrom(TestUtil.getAllSet()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet((TestAllTypes) message.wrappedMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializedSize() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    Message abstractMessage = new AbstractMessageWrapper(TestUtil.getAllSet());
+
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(),
+                 abstractMessage.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  public void testSerialization() throws Exception {
+    Message abstractMessage = new AbstractMessageWrapper(TestUtil.getAllSet());
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(
+      TestAllTypes.parseFrom(abstractMessage.toByteString()));
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteString(),
+                 abstractMessage.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParsing() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder builder =
+      new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestAllTypes.newBuilder());
+    AbstractMessageWrapper message =
+      builder.mergeFrom(TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteString()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet((TestAllTypes) message.wrappedMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testParsingUninitialized() throws Exception {
+    TestRequiredForeign.Builder builder = TestRequiredForeign.newBuilder();
+    builder.getOptionalMessageBuilder().setDummy2(10);
+    ByteString bytes = builder.buildPartial().toByteString();
+    Message.Builder abstractMessageBuilder =
+        new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestRequiredForeign.newBuilder());
+    // mergeFrom() should not throw initialization error.
+    abstractMessageBuilder.mergeFrom(bytes).buildPartial();
+    try {
+      abstractMessageBuilder.mergeFrom(bytes).build();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UninitializedMessageException ex) {
+      // pass
+    }
+
+    // test DynamicMessage directly.
+    Message.Builder dynamicMessageBuilder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(
+        TestRequiredForeign.getDescriptor());
+    // mergeFrom() should not throw initialization error.
+    dynamicMessageBuilder.mergeFrom(bytes).buildPartial();
+    try {
+      dynamicMessageBuilder.mergeFrom(bytes).build();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UninitializedMessageException ex) {
+      // pass
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testPackedSerialization() throws Exception {
+    Message abstractMessage =
+        new AbstractMessageWrapper(TestUtil.getPackedSet());
+
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(
+      TestPackedTypes.parseFrom(abstractMessage.toByteString()));
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.getPackedSet().toByteString(),
+                 abstractMessage.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testPackedParsing() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder builder =
+      new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestPackedTypes.newBuilder());
+    AbstractMessageWrapper message =
+      builder.mergeFrom(TestUtil.getPackedSet().toByteString()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet((TestPackedTypes) message.wrappedMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testUnpackedSerialization() throws Exception {
+    Message abstractMessage =
+      new AbstractMessageWrapper(TestUtil.getUnpackedSet());
+
+    TestUtil.assertUnpackedFieldsSet(
+      TestUnpackedTypes.parseFrom(abstractMessage.toByteString()));
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.getUnpackedSet().toByteString(),
+                 abstractMessage.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParsePackedToUnpacked() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder builder =
+      new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestUnpackedTypes.newBuilder());
+    AbstractMessageWrapper message =
+      builder.mergeFrom(TestUtil.getPackedSet().toByteString()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertUnpackedFieldsSet(
+      (TestUnpackedTypes) message.wrappedMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseUnpackedToPacked() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder builder =
+      new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestPackedTypes.newBuilder());
+    AbstractMessageWrapper message =
+      builder.mergeFrom(TestUtil.getUnpackedSet().toByteString()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet((TestPackedTypes) message.wrappedMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testUnpackedParsing() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder builder =
+      new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestUnpackedTypes.newBuilder());
+    AbstractMessageWrapper message =
+      builder.mergeFrom(TestUtil.getUnpackedSet().toByteString()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertUnpackedFieldsSet(
+      (TestUnpackedTypes) message.wrappedMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testOptimizedForSize() throws Exception {
+    // We're mostly only checking that this class was compiled successfully.
+    TestOptimizedForSize message =
+      TestOptimizedForSize.newBuilder().setI(1).build();
+    message = TestOptimizedForSize.parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertEquals(2, message.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Tests for isInitialized().
+
+  private static final TestRequired TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED =
+    TestRequired.getDefaultInstance();
+  private static final TestRequired TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED =
+    TestRequired.newBuilder().setA(1).setB(2).setC(3).build();
+
+  public void testIsInitialized() throws Exception {
+    TestRequired.Builder builder = TestRequired.newBuilder();
+    AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder abstractBuilder =
+      new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(builder);
+
+    assertFalse(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals("a, b, c", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+    builder.setA(1);
+    assertFalse(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals("b, c", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+    builder.setB(1);
+    assertFalse(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals("c", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+    builder.setC(1);
+    assertTrue(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals("", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+  }
+
+  public void testForeignIsInitialized() throws Exception {
+    TestRequiredForeign.Builder builder = TestRequiredForeign.newBuilder();
+    AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder abstractBuilder =
+      new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(builder);
+
+    assertTrue(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals("", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+
+    builder.setOptionalMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals(
+        "optional_message.a, optional_message.b, optional_message.c",
+        abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+
+    builder.setOptionalMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals("", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+
+    builder.addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals(
+        "repeated_message[0].a, repeated_message[0].b, repeated_message[0].c",
+        abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+
+    builder.setRepeatedMessage(0, TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals("", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Tests for mergeFrom
+
+  static final TestAllTypes MERGE_SOURCE =
+    TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+      .setOptionalInt32(1)
+      .setOptionalString("foo")
+      .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+      .addRepeatedString("bar")
+      .build();
+
+  static final TestAllTypes MERGE_DEST =
+    TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+      .setOptionalInt64(2)
+      .setOptionalString("baz")
+      .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(3).build())
+      .addRepeatedString("qux")
+      .build();
+
+  static final String MERGE_RESULT_TEXT =
+      "optional_int32: 1\n" +
+      "optional_int64: 2\n" +
+      "optional_string: \"foo\"\n" +
+      "optional_foreign_message {\n" +
+      "  c: 3\n" +
+      "}\n" +
+      "repeated_string: \"qux\"\n" +
+      "repeated_string: \"bar\"\n";
+
+  public void testMergeFrom() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper result =
+      new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder(MERGE_DEST))
+      .mergeFrom(MERGE_SOURCE).build();
+
+    assertEquals(MERGE_RESULT_TEXT, result.toString());
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Tests for equals and hashCode
+
+  public void testEqualsAndHashCode() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes a = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    TestAllTypes b = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().build();
+    TestAllTypes c = TestAllTypes.newBuilder(b).addRepeatedString("x").build();
+    TestAllTypes d = TestAllTypes.newBuilder(c).addRepeatedString("y").build();
+    TestAllExtensions e = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    TestAllExtensions f = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder(e)
+        .addExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension, 999).build();
+
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(a);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(b);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(c);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(d);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(e);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(f);
+
+    checkNotEqual(a, b);
+    checkNotEqual(a, c);
+    checkNotEqual(a, d);
+    checkNotEqual(a, e);
+    checkNotEqual(a, f);
+
+    checkNotEqual(b, c);
+    checkNotEqual(b, d);
+    checkNotEqual(b, e);
+    checkNotEqual(b, f);
+
+    checkNotEqual(c, d);
+    checkNotEqual(c, e);
+    checkNotEqual(c, f);
+
+    checkNotEqual(d, e);
+    checkNotEqual(d, f);
+
+    checkNotEqual(e, f);
+
+    // Deserializing into the TestEmptyMessage such that every field
+    // is an {@link UnknownFieldSet.Field}.
+    UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage eUnknownFields =
+        UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage.parseFrom(e.toByteArray());
+    UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage fUnknownFields =
+        UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage.parseFrom(f.toByteArray());
+    checkNotEqual(eUnknownFields, fUnknownFields);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(eUnknownFields);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(fUnknownFields);
+
+    // Subsequent reconstitutions should be identical
+    UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage eUnknownFields2 =
+        UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage.parseFrom(e.toByteArray());
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(eUnknownFields, eUnknownFields2);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts that the given proto has symmetric equals and hashCode methods.
+   */
+  private void checkEqualsIsConsistent(Message message) {
+    // Object should be equal to itself.
+    assertEquals(message, message);
+
+    // Object should be equal to a dynamic copy of itself.
+    DynamicMessage dynamic = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(message).build();
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(message, dynamic);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts that the given protos are equal and have the same hash code.
+   */
+  private void checkEqualsIsConsistent(Message message1, Message message2) {
+    assertEquals(message1, message2);
+    assertEquals(message2, message1);
+    assertEquals(message2.hashCode(), message1.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts that the given protos are not equal and have different hash codes.
+   *
+   * @warning It's valid for non-equal objects to have the same hash code, so
+   *   this test is stricter than it needs to be. However, this should happen
+   *   relatively rarely.
+   */
+  private void checkNotEqual(Message m1, Message m2) {
+    String equalsError = String.format("%s should not be equal to %s", m1, m2);
+    assertFalse(equalsError, m1.equals(m2));
+    assertFalse(equalsError, m2.equals(m1));
+
+    assertFalse(
+        String.format("%s should have a different hash code from %s", m1, m2),
+        m1.hashCode() == m2.hashCode());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/BoundedByteStringTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/BoundedByteStringTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c83827436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/BoundedByteStringTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+
+/**
+ * This class tests {@link BoundedByteString}, which extends {@link LiteralByteString},
+ * by inheriting the tests from {@link LiteralByteStringTest}.  The only method which
+ * is strange enough that it needs to be overridden here is {@link #testToString()}.
+ *
+ * @author carlanton@google.com (Carl Haverl)
+ */
+public class BoundedByteStringTest extends LiteralByteStringTest {
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    classUnderTest = "BoundedByteString";
+    byte[] sourceBytes = ByteStringTest.getTestBytes(2341, 11337766L);
+    int from = 100;
+    int to = sourceBytes.length - 100;
+    stringUnderTest = ByteString.copyFrom(sourceBytes).substring(from, to);
+    referenceBytes = new byte[to - from];
+    System.arraycopy(sourceBytes, from, referenceBytes, 0, to - from);
+    expectedHashCode = 727575887;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/ByteStringTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/ByteStringTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e334e5e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/ByteStringTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.ByteString.Output;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+/**
+ * Test methods with implementations in {@link ByteString}, plus do some top-level "integration"
+ * tests.
+ *
+ * @author carlanton@google.com (Carl Haverl)
+ */
+public class ByteStringTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final String UTF_16 = "UTF-16";
+
+  static byte[] getTestBytes(int size, long seed) {
+    Random random = new Random(seed);
+    byte[] result = new byte[size];
+    random.nextBytes(result);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private byte[] getTestBytes(int size) {
+    return getTestBytes(size, 445566L);
+  }
+
+  private byte[] getTestBytes() {
+    return getTestBytes(1000);
+  }
+
+  // Compare the entire left array with a subset of the right array.
+  private boolean isArrayRange(byte[] left, byte[] right, int rightOffset, int length) {
+    boolean stillEqual = (left.length == length);
+    for (int i = 0; (stillEqual && i < length); ++i) {
+      stillEqual = (left[i] == right[rightOffset + i]);
+    }
+    return stillEqual;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true only if the given two arrays have identical contents.
+  private boolean isArray(byte[] left, byte[] right) {
+    return left.length == right.length && isArrayRange(left, right, 0, left.length);
+  }
+
+  public void testSubstring_BeginIndex() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteString substring = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes).substring(500);
+    assertTrue("substring must contain the tail of the string",
+        isArrayRange(substring.toByteArray(), bytes, 500, bytes.length - 500));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_BytesOffsetSize() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes, 500, 200);
+    assertTrue("copyFrom sub-range must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArrayRange(byteString.toByteArray(), bytes, 500, 200));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_Bytes() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes);
+    assertTrue("copyFrom must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArray(byteString.toByteArray(), bytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_ByteBufferSize() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
+    byteBuffer.put(bytes);
+    byteBuffer.position(500);
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(byteBuffer, 200);
+    assertTrue("copyFrom byteBuffer sub-range must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArrayRange(byteString.toByteArray(), bytes, 500, 200));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_ByteBuffer() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
+    byteBuffer.put(bytes);
+    byteBuffer.position(500);
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(byteBuffer);
+    assertTrue("copyFrom byteBuffer sub-range must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArrayRange(byteString.toByteArray(), bytes, 500, bytes.length - 500));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_StringEncoding() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    String testString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(testString, UTF_16);
+    byte[] testBytes = testString.getBytes(UTF_16);
+    assertTrue("copyFrom string must respect the charset",
+        isArrayRange(byteString.toByteArray(), testBytes, 0, testBytes.length));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_Utf8() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    String testString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(testString);
+    byte[] testBytes = testString.getBytes("UTF-8");
+    assertTrue("copyFromUtf8 string must respect the charset",
+        isArrayRange(byteString.toByteArray(), testBytes, 0, testBytes.length));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_Iterable() {
+    byte[] testBytes = getTestBytes(77777, 113344L);
+    final List<ByteString> pieces = makeConcretePieces(testBytes);
+    // Call copyFrom() on a Collection
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(pieces);
+    assertTrue("copyFrom a List must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArrayRange(byteString.toByteArray(), testBytes, 0, testBytes.length));
+    // Call copyFrom on an iteration that's not a collection
+    ByteString byteStringAlt = ByteString.copyFrom(new Iterable<ByteString>() {
+      public Iterator<ByteString> iterator() {
+        return pieces.iterator();
+      }
+    });
+    assertEquals("copyFrom from an Iteration must contain the expected bytes",
+        byteString, byteStringAlt);
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyTo_TargetOffset() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes);
+    byte[] target = new byte[bytes.length + 1000];
+    byteString.copyTo(target, 400);
+    assertTrue("copyFrom byteBuffer sub-range must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArrayRange(bytes, target, 400, bytes.length));
+  }
+
+  public void testReadFrom_emptyStream() throws IOException {
+    ByteString byteString =
+        ByteString.readFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[0]));
+    assertSame("reading an empty stream must result in the EMPTY constant "
+        + "byte string", ByteString.EMPTY, byteString);
+  }
+
+  public void testReadFrom_smallStream() throws IOException {
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(10));
+  }
+
+  public void testReadFrom_mutating() throws IOException {
+    byte[] capturedArray = null;
+    EvilInputStream eis = new EvilInputStream();
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.readFrom(eis);
+
+    capturedArray = eis.capturedArray;
+    byte[] originalValue = byteString.toByteArray();
+    for (int x = 0; x < capturedArray.length; ++x) {
+      capturedArray[x] = (byte) 0;
+    }
+
+    byte[] newValue = byteString.toByteArray();
+    assertTrue("copyFrom byteBuffer must not grant access to underlying array",
+        Arrays.equals(originalValue, newValue));
+  }
+
+  // Tests sizes that are over multi-segment rope threshold.
+  public void testReadFrom_largeStream() throws IOException {
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x100));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x101));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x110));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x1000));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x1001));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x1010));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x10000));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x10001));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x10010));
+  }
+
+  // Tests that IOExceptions propagate through ByteString.readFrom().
+  public void testReadFrom_IOExceptions() {
+    try {
+      ByteString.readFrom(new FailStream());
+      fail("readFrom must throw the underlying IOException");
+
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      assertEquals("readFrom must throw the expected exception",
+                   "synthetic failure", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Tests that ByteString.readFrom works with streams that don't
+  // always fill their buffers.
+  public void testReadFrom_reluctantStream() throws IOException {
+    final byte[] data = getTestBytes(0x1000);
+
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.readFrom(new ReluctantStream(data));
+    assertTrue("readFrom byte stream must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArray(byteString.toByteArray(), data));
+
+    // Same test as above, but with some specific chunk sizes.
+    assertReadFromReluctantStream(data, 100);
+    assertReadFromReluctantStream(data, 248);
+    assertReadFromReluctantStream(data, 249);
+    assertReadFromReluctantStream(data, 250);
+    assertReadFromReluctantStream(data, 251);
+    assertReadFromReluctantStream(data, 0x1000);
+    assertReadFromReluctantStream(data, 0x1001);
+  }
+
+  // Fails unless ByteString.readFrom reads the bytes correctly from a
+  // reluctant stream with the given chunkSize parameter.
+  private void assertReadFromReluctantStream(byte[] bytes, int chunkSize)
+      throws IOException {
+    ByteString b = ByteString.readFrom(new ReluctantStream(bytes), chunkSize);
+    assertTrue("readFrom byte stream must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArray(b.toByteArray(), bytes));
+  }
+
+  // Tests that ByteString.readFrom works with streams that implement
+  // available().
+  public void testReadFrom_available() throws IOException {
+    final byte[] data = getTestBytes(0x1001);
+
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.readFrom(new AvailableStream(data));
+    assertTrue("readFrom byte stream must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArray(byteString.toByteArray(), data));
+  }
+
+  // Fails unless ByteString.readFrom reads the bytes correctly.
+  private void assertReadFrom(byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
+    ByteString byteString =
+        ByteString.readFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
+    assertTrue("readFrom byte stream must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArray(byteString.toByteArray(), bytes));
+  }
+
+  // A stream that fails when read.
+  private static final class FailStream extends InputStream {
+    @Override public int read() throws IOException {
+      throw new IOException("synthetic failure");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // A stream that simulates blocking by only producing 250 characters
+  // per call to read(byte[]).
+  private static class ReluctantStream extends InputStream {
+    protected final byte[] data;
+    protected int pos = 0;
+
+    public ReluctantStream(byte[] data) {
+      this.data = data;
+    }
+
+    @Override public int read() {
+      if (pos == data.length) {
+        return -1;
+      } else {
+        return data[pos++];
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override public int read(byte[] buf) {
+      return read(buf, 0, buf.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override public int read(byte[] buf, int offset, int size) {
+      if (pos == data.length) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      int count = Math.min(Math.min(size, data.length - pos), 250);
+      System.arraycopy(data, pos, buf, offset, count);
+      pos += count;
+      return count;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Same as above, but also implements available().
+  private static final class AvailableStream extends ReluctantStream {
+    public AvailableStream(byte[] data) {
+      super(data);
+    }
+
+    @Override public int available() {
+      return Math.min(250, data.length - pos);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // A stream which exposes the byte array passed into read(byte[], int, int).
+  private static class EvilInputStream extends InputStream {
+    public byte[] capturedArray = null;
+
+    @Override
+    public int read(byte[] buf, int off, int len) {
+      if (capturedArray != null) {
+        return -1;
+      } else {
+        capturedArray = buf;
+        for (int x = 0; x < len; ++x) {
+          buf[x] = (byte) x;
+        }
+        return len;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read() {
+      // Purposefully do nothing.
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // A stream which exposes the byte array passed into write(byte[], int, int).
+  private static class EvilOutputStream extends OutputStream {
+    public byte[] capturedArray = null;
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] buf, int off, int len) {
+      if (capturedArray == null) {
+        capturedArray = buf;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(int ignored) {
+      // Purposefully do nothing.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testToStringUtf8() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    String testString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    byte[] testBytes = testString.getBytes("UTF-8");
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(testBytes);
+    assertEquals("copyToStringUtf8 must respect the charset",
+        testString, byteString.toStringUtf8());
+  }
+
+  public void testNewOutput_InitialCapacity() throws IOException {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteString.Output output = ByteString.newOutput(bytes.length + 100);
+    output.write(bytes);
+    ByteString byteString = output.toByteString();
+    assertTrue(
+        "String built from newOutput(int) must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArrayRange(bytes, byteString.toByteArray(), 0, bytes.length));
+  }
+
+  // Test newOutput() using a variety of buffer sizes and a variety of (fixed)
+  // write sizes
+  public void testNewOutput_ArrayWrite() throws IOException {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    int length = bytes.length;
+    int[] bufferSizes = {128, 256, length / 2, length - 1, length, length + 1,
+                         2 * length, 3 * length};
+    int[] writeSizes = {1, 4, 5, 7, 23, bytes.length};
+
+    for (int bufferSize : bufferSizes) {
+      for (int writeSize : writeSizes) {
+        // Test writing the entire output writeSize bytes at a time.
+        ByteString.Output output = ByteString.newOutput(bufferSize);
+        for (int i = 0; i < length; i += writeSize) {
+          output.write(bytes, i, Math.min(writeSize, length - i));
+        }
+        ByteString byteString = output.toByteString();
+        assertTrue("String built from newOutput() must contain the expected bytes",
+            isArrayRange(bytes, byteString.toByteArray(), 0, bytes.length));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Test newOutput() using a variety of buffer sizes, but writing all the
+  // characters using write(byte);
+  public void testNewOutput_WriteChar() throws IOException {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    int length = bytes.length;
+    int[] bufferSizes = {0, 1, 128, 256, length / 2,
+                         length - 1, length, length + 1,
+                         2 * length, 3 * length};
+    for (int bufferSize : bufferSizes) {
+      ByteString.Output output = ByteString.newOutput(bufferSize);
+      for (byte byteValue : bytes) {
+        output.write(byteValue);
+      }
+      ByteString byteString = output.toByteString();
+      assertTrue("String built from newOutput() must contain the expected bytes",
+          isArrayRange(bytes, byteString.toByteArray(), 0, bytes.length));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Test newOutput() in which we write the bytes using a variety of methods
+  // and sizes, and in which we repeatedly call toByteString() in the middle.
+  public void testNewOutput_Mixed() throws IOException {
+    Random rng = new Random(1);
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    int length = bytes.length;
+    int[] bufferSizes = {0, 1, 128, 256, length / 2,
+                         length - 1, length, length + 1,
+                         2 * length, 3 * length};
+
+    for (int bufferSize : bufferSizes) {
+      // Test writing the entire output using a mixture of write sizes and
+      // methods;
+      ByteString.Output output = ByteString.newOutput(bufferSize);
+      int position = 0;
+      while (position < bytes.length) {
+        if (rng.nextBoolean()) {
+          int count = 1 + rng.nextInt(bytes.length - position);
+          output.write(bytes, position, count);
+          position += count;
+        } else {
+          output.write(bytes[position]);
+          position++;
+        }
+        assertEquals("size() returns the right value", position, output.size());
+        assertTrue("newOutput() substring must have correct bytes",
+            isArrayRange(output.toByteString().toByteArray(),
+                bytes, 0, position));
+      }
+      ByteString byteString = output.toByteString();
+      assertTrue("String built from newOutput() must contain the expected bytes",
+          isArrayRange(bytes, byteString.toByteArray(), 0, bytes.length));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testNewOutputEmpty() throws IOException {
+    // Make sure newOutput() correctly builds empty byte strings
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.newOutput().toByteString();
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, byteString);
+  }
+
+  public void testNewOutput_Mutating() throws IOException {
+    Output os = ByteString.newOutput(5);
+    os.write(new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5});
+    EvilOutputStream eos = new EvilOutputStream();
+    os.writeTo(eos);
+    byte[] capturedArray = eos.capturedArray;
+    ByteString byteString = os.toByteString();
+    byte[] oldValue = byteString.toByteArray();
+    Arrays.fill(capturedArray, (byte) 0);
+    byte[] newValue = byteString.toByteArray();
+    assertTrue("Output must not provide access to the underlying byte array",
+        Arrays.equals(oldValue, newValue));
+  }
+
+  public void testSubstringParity() {
+    byte[] bigBytes = getTestBytes(2048 * 1024, 113344L);
+    int start = 512 * 1024 - 3333;
+    int end   = 512 * 1024 + 7777;
+    ByteString concreteSubstring = ByteString.copyFrom(bigBytes).substring(start, end);
+    boolean ok = true;
+    for (int i = start; ok && i < end; ++i) {
+      ok = (bigBytes[i] == concreteSubstring.byteAt(i - start));
+    }
+    assertTrue("Concrete substring didn't capture the right bytes", ok);
+
+    ByteString literalString = ByteString.copyFrom(bigBytes, start, end - start);
+    assertTrue("Substring must be equal to literal string",
+        concreteSubstring.equals(literalString));
+    assertEquals("Substring must have same hashcode as literal string",
+        literalString.hashCode(), concreteSubstring.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testCompositeSubstring() {
+    byte[] referenceBytes = getTestBytes(77748, 113344L);
+
+    List<ByteString> pieces = makeConcretePieces(referenceBytes);
+    ByteString listString = ByteString.copyFrom(pieces);
+
+    int from = 1000;
+    int to = 40000;
+    ByteString compositeSubstring = listString.substring(from, to);
+    byte[] substringBytes = compositeSubstring.toByteArray();
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    for (int i = 0; stillEqual && i < to - from; ++i) {
+      stillEqual = referenceBytes[from + i] == substringBytes[i];
+    }
+    assertTrue("Substring must return correct bytes", stillEqual);
+
+    stillEqual = true;
+    for (int i = 0; stillEqual && i < to - from; ++i) {
+      stillEqual = referenceBytes[from + i] == compositeSubstring.byteAt(i);
+    }
+    assertTrue("Substring must support byteAt() correctly", stillEqual);
+
+    ByteString literalSubstring = ByteString.copyFrom(referenceBytes, from, to - from);
+    assertTrue("Composite substring must equal a literal substring over the same bytes",
+        compositeSubstring.equals(literalSubstring));
+    assertTrue("Literal substring must equal a composite substring over the same bytes",
+        literalSubstring.equals(compositeSubstring));
+
+    assertEquals("We must get the same hashcodes for composite and literal substrings",
+        literalSubstring.hashCode(), compositeSubstring.hashCode());
+
+    assertFalse("We can't be equal to a proper substring",
+        compositeSubstring.equals(literalSubstring.substring(0, literalSubstring.size() - 1)));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFromList() {
+    byte[] referenceBytes = getTestBytes(77748, 113344L);
+    ByteString literalString = ByteString.copyFrom(referenceBytes);
+
+    List<ByteString> pieces = makeConcretePieces(referenceBytes);
+    ByteString listString = ByteString.copyFrom(pieces);
+
+    assertTrue("Composite string must be equal to literal string",
+        listString.equals(literalString));
+    assertEquals("Composite string must have same hashcode as literal string",
+        literalString.hashCode(), listString.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testConcat() {
+    byte[] referenceBytes = getTestBytes(77748, 113344L);
+    ByteString literalString = ByteString.copyFrom(referenceBytes);
+
+    List<ByteString> pieces = makeConcretePieces(referenceBytes);
+
+    Iterator<ByteString> iter = pieces.iterator();
+    ByteString concatenatedString = iter.next();
+    while (iter.hasNext()) {
+      concatenatedString = concatenatedString.concat(iter.next());
+    }
+
+    assertTrue("Concatenated string must be equal to literal string",
+        concatenatedString.equals(literalString));
+    assertEquals("Concatenated string must have same hashcode as literal string",
+        literalString.hashCode(), concatenatedString.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testStartsWith() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes(1000, 1234L);
+    ByteString string = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes);
+    ByteString prefix = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes, 0, 500);
+    ByteString suffix = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes, 400, 600);
+    assertTrue(string.startsWith(ByteString.EMPTY));
+    assertTrue(string.startsWith(string));
+    assertTrue(string.startsWith(prefix));
+    assertFalse(string.startsWith(suffix));
+    assertFalse(prefix.startsWith(suffix));
+    assertFalse(suffix.startsWith(prefix));
+    assertFalse(ByteString.EMPTY.startsWith(prefix));
+    assertTrue(ByteString.EMPTY.startsWith(ByteString.EMPTY));
+  }
+
+  static List<ByteString> makeConcretePieces(byte[] referenceBytes) {
+    List<ByteString> pieces = new ArrayList<ByteString>();
+    // Starting length should be small enough that we'll do some concatenating by
+    // copying if we just concatenate all these pieces together.
+    for (int start = 0, length = 16; start < referenceBytes.length; start += length) {
+      length = (length << 1) - 1;
+      if (start + length > referenceBytes.length) {
+        length = referenceBytes.length - start;
+      }
+      pieces.add(ByteString.copyFrom(referenceBytes, start, length));
+    }
+    return pieces;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/CodedInputStreamTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/CodedInputStreamTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e67898ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/CodedInputStreamTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,469 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRecursiveMessage;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.FilterInputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link CodedInputStream}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
+  /**
+   * Helper to construct a byte array from a bunch of bytes.  The inputs are
+   * actually ints so that I can use hex notation and not get stupid errors
+   * about precision.
+   */
+  private byte[] bytes(int... bytesAsInts) {
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesAsInts.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytesAsInts.length; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = (byte) bytesAsInts[i];
+    }
+    return bytes;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * An InputStream which limits the number of bytes it reads at a time.
+   * We use this to make sure that CodedInputStream doesn't screw up when
+   * reading in small blocks.
+   */
+  private static final class SmallBlockInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
+    private final int blockSize;
+
+    public SmallBlockInputStream(byte[] data, int blockSize) {
+      this(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), blockSize);
+    }
+
+    public SmallBlockInputStream(InputStream in, int blockSize) {
+      super(in);
+      this.blockSize = blockSize;
+    }
+
+    public int read(byte[] b) throws IOException {
+      return super.read(b, 0, Math.min(b.length, blockSize));
+    }
+
+    public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+      return super.read(b, off, Math.min(len, blockSize));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses the given bytes using readRawVarint32() and readRawVarint64() and
+   * checks that the result matches the given value.
+   */
+  private void assertReadVarint(byte[] data, long value) throws Exception {
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
+    assertEquals((int)value, input.readRawVarint32());
+
+    input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
+    assertEquals(value, input.readRawVarint64());
+    assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+
+    // Try different block sizes.
+    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+      input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
+        new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
+      assertEquals((int)value, input.readRawVarint32());
+
+      input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
+        new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
+      assertEquals(value, input.readRawVarint64());
+      assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+    }
+
+    // Try reading direct from an InputStream.  We want to verify that it
+    // doesn't read past the end of the input, so we copy to a new, bigger
+    // array first.
+    byte[] longerData = new byte[data.length + 1];
+    System.arraycopy(data, 0, longerData, 0, data.length);
+    InputStream rawInput = new ByteArrayInputStream(longerData);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses the given bytes using readRawVarint32() and readRawVarint64() and
+   * expects them to fail with an InvalidProtocolBufferException whose
+   * description matches the given one.
+   */
+  private void assertReadVarintFailure(
+      InvalidProtocolBufferException expected, byte[] data)
+      throws Exception {
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
+    try {
+      input.readRawVarint32();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      assertEquals(expected.getMessage(), e.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
+    try {
+      input.readRawVarint64();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      assertEquals(expected.getMessage(), e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Tests readRawVarint32() and readRawVarint64(). */
+  public void testReadVarint() throws Exception {
+    assertReadVarint(bytes(0x00), 0);
+    assertReadVarint(bytes(0x01), 1);
+    assertReadVarint(bytes(0x7f), 127);
+    // 14882
+    assertReadVarint(bytes(0xa2, 0x74), (0x22 << 0) | (0x74 << 7));
+    // 2961488830
+    assertReadVarint(bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b),
+      (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
+      (0x0bL << 28));
+
+    // 64-bit
+    // 7256456126
+    assertReadVarint(bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b),
+      (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
+      (0x1bL << 28));
+    // 41256202580718336
+    assertReadVarint(
+      bytes(0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49),
+      (0x00 << 0) | (0x66 << 7) | (0x6b << 14) | (0x1c << 21) |
+      (0x43L << 28) | (0x49L << 35) | (0x24L << 42) | (0x49L << 49));
+    // 11964378330978735131
+    assertReadVarint(
+      bytes(0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85, 0xa6, 0x01),
+      (0x1b << 0) | (0x28 << 7) | (0x79 << 14) | (0x42 << 21) |
+      (0x3bL << 28) | (0x56L << 35) | (0x00L << 42) |
+      (0x05L << 49) | (0x26L << 56) | (0x01L << 63));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses the given bytes using readRawLittleEndian32() and checks
+   * that the result matches the given value.
+   */
+  private void assertReadLittleEndian32(byte[] data, int value)
+                                        throws Exception {
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
+    assertEquals(value, input.readRawLittleEndian32());
+    assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+
+    // Try different block sizes.
+    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+      input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
+        new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
+      assertEquals(value, input.readRawLittleEndian32());
+      assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses the given bytes using readRawLittleEndian64() and checks
+   * that the result matches the given value.
+   */
+  private void assertReadLittleEndian64(byte[] data, long value)
+                                        throws Exception {
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
+    assertEquals(value, input.readRawLittleEndian64());
+    assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+
+    // Try different block sizes.
+    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+      input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
+        new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
+      assertEquals(value, input.readRawLittleEndian64());
+      assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Tests readRawLittleEndian32() and readRawLittleEndian64(). */
+  public void testReadLittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertReadLittleEndian32(bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12), 0x12345678);
+    assertReadLittleEndian32(bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a), 0x9abcdef0);
+
+    assertReadLittleEndian64(
+      bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12),
+      0x123456789abcdef0L);
+    assertReadLittleEndian64(
+      bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a),
+      0x9abcdef012345678L);
+  }
+
+  /** Test decodeZigZag32() and decodeZigZag64(). */
+  public void testDecodeZigZag() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals( 0, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0));
+    assertEquals(-1, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(1));
+    assertEquals( 1, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(2));
+    assertEquals(-2, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(3));
+    assertEquals(0x3FFFFFFF, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFE));
+    assertEquals(0xC0000000, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFF));
+    assertEquals(0x7FFFFFFF, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0xFFFFFFFE));
+    assertEquals(0x80000000, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0xFFFFFFFF));
+
+    assertEquals( 0, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0));
+    assertEquals(-1, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(1));
+    assertEquals( 1, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(2));
+    assertEquals(-2, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(3));
+    assertEquals(0x000000003FFFFFFFL,
+                 CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFEL));
+    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFFC0000000L,
+                 CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFFL));
+    assertEquals(0x000000007FFFFFFFL,
+                 CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x00000000FFFFFFFEL));
+    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFF80000000L,
+                 CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x00000000FFFFFFFFL));
+    assertEquals(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL,
+                 CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEL));
+    assertEquals(0x8000000000000000L,
+                 CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests reading and parsing a whole message with every field type. */
+  public void testReadWholeMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+
+    byte[] rawBytes = message.toByteArray();
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.length, message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
+
+    // Try different block sizes.
+    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize < 256; blockSize *= 2) {
+      message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(
+        new SmallBlockInputStream(rawBytes, blockSize));
+      TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Tests skipField(). */
+  public void testSkipWholeMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    byte[] rawBytes = message.toByteArray();
+
+    // Create two parallel inputs.  Parse one as unknown fields while using
+    // skipField() to skip each field on the other.  Expect the same tags.
+    CodedInputStream input1 = CodedInputStream.newInstance(rawBytes);
+    CodedInputStream input2 = CodedInputStream.newInstance(rawBytes);
+    UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+
+    while (true) {
+      int tag = input1.readTag();
+      assertEquals(tag, input2.readTag());
+      if (tag == 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+      unknownFields.mergeFieldFrom(tag, input1);
+      input2.skipField(tag);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test that a bug in skipRawBytes() has been fixed:  if the skip skips
+   * exactly up to a limit, this should not break things.
+   */
+  public void testSkipRawBytesBug() throws Exception {
+    byte[] rawBytes = new byte[] { 1, 2 };
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(rawBytes);
+
+    int limit = input.pushLimit(1);
+    input.skipRawBytes(1);
+    input.popLimit(limit);
+    assertEquals(2, input.readRawByte());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test that a bug in skipRawBytes() has been fixed:  if the skip skips
+   * past the end of a buffer with a limit that has been set past the end of
+   * that buffer, this should not break things.
+   */
+  public void testSkipRawBytesPastEndOfBufferWithLimit() throws Exception {
+    byte[] rawBytes = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
+        new SmallBlockInputStream(rawBytes, 3));
+
+    int limit = input.pushLimit(4);
+    // In order to expose the bug we need to read at least one byte to prime the
+    // buffer inside the CodedInputStream.
+    assertEquals(1, input.readRawByte());
+    // Skip to the end of the limit.
+    input.skipRawBytes(3);
+    assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+    input.popLimit(limit);
+    assertEquals(5, input.readRawByte());
+  }
+
+  public void testReadHugeBlob() throws Exception {
+    // Allocate and initialize a 1MB blob.
+    byte[] blob = new byte[1 << 20];
+    for (int i = 0; i < blob.length; i++) {
+      blob[i] = (byte)i;
+    }
+
+    // Make a message containing it.
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    builder.setOptionalBytes(ByteString.copyFrom(blob));
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    // Serialize and parse it.  Make sure to parse from an InputStream, not
+    // directly from a ByteString, so that CodedInputStream uses buffered
+    // reading.
+    TestAllTypes message2 =
+      TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteString().newInput());
+
+    assertEquals(message.getOptionalBytes(), message2.getOptionalBytes());
+
+    // Make sure all the other fields were parsed correctly.
+    TestAllTypes message3 = TestAllTypes.newBuilder(message2)
+      .setOptionalBytes(TestUtil.getAllSet().getOptionalBytes())
+      .build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message3);
+  }
+
+  public int makeTag(int number, int tag) {
+    return (number << 3) + tag;
+  }
+
+  public void testReadMaliciouslyLargeBlob() throws Exception {
+    ByteString.Output rawOutput = ByteString.newOutput();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput);
+
+    int tag = makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(0x7FFFFFFF);
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[32]);  // Pad with a few random bytes.
+    output.flush();
+
+    CodedInputStream input = rawOutput.toByteString().newCodedInput();
+    assertEquals(tag, input.readTag());
+
+    try {
+      input.readBytes();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // success.
+    }
+  }
+
+  private TestRecursiveMessage makeRecursiveMessage(int depth) {
+    if (depth == 0) {
+      return TestRecursiveMessage.newBuilder().setI(5).build();
+    } else {
+      return TestRecursiveMessage.newBuilder()
+        .setA(makeRecursiveMessage(depth - 1)).build();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertMessageDepth(TestRecursiveMessage message, int depth) {
+    if (depth == 0) {
+      assertFalse(message.hasA());
+      assertEquals(5, message.getI());
+    } else {
+      assertTrue(message.hasA());
+      assertMessageDepth(message.getA(), depth - 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testResetSizeCounter() throws Exception {
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
+        new SmallBlockInputStream(new byte[256], 8));
+    input.setSizeLimit(16);
+    input.readRawBytes(16);
+    assertEquals(16, input.getTotalBytesRead());
+
+    try {
+      input.readRawByte();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // success.
+    }
+
+    input.resetSizeCounter();
+    assertEquals(0, input.getTotalBytesRead());
+    input.readRawByte();  // No exception thrown.
+    input.resetSizeCounter();
+    assertEquals(0, input.getTotalBytesRead());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that if we read an string that contains invalid UTF-8, no exception
+   * is thrown.  Instead, the invalid bytes are replaced with the Unicode
+   * "replacement character" U+FFFD.
+   */
+  public void testReadInvalidUtf8() throws Exception {
+    ByteString.Output rawOutput = ByteString.newOutput();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput);
+
+    int tag = makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(1);
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] { (byte)0x80 });
+    output.flush();
+
+    CodedInputStream input = rawOutput.toByteString().newCodedInput();
+    assertEquals(tag, input.readTag());
+    String text = input.readString();
+    assertEquals(0xfffd, text.charAt(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testReadFromSlice() throws Exception {
+    byte[] bytes = bytes(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9);
+    CodedInputStream in = CodedInputStream.newInstance(bytes, 3, 5);
+    assertEquals(0, in.getTotalBytesRead());
+    for (int i = 3; i < 8; i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, in.readRawByte());
+      assertEquals(i-2, in.getTotalBytesRead());
+    }
+    // eof
+    assertEquals(0, in.readTag());
+    assertEquals(5, in.getTotalBytesRead());
+  }
+
+  public void testInvalidTag() throws Exception {
+    // Any tag number which corresponds to field number zero is invalid and
+    // should throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+      try {
+        CodedInputStream.newInstance(bytes(i)).readTag();
+        fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/CodedOutputStreamTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/CodedOutputStreamTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..354d89d66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/CodedOutputStreamTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.SparseEnumMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestSparseEnum;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link CodedOutputStream}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class CodedOutputStreamTest extends TestCase {
+  /**
+   * Helper to construct a byte array from a bunch of bytes.  The inputs are
+   * actually ints so that I can use hex notation and not get stupid errors
+   * about precision.
+   */
+  private byte[] bytes(int... bytesAsInts) {
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesAsInts.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytesAsInts.length; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = (byte) bytesAsInts[i];
+    }
+    return bytes;
+  }
+
+  /** Arrays.asList() does not work with arrays of primitives.  :( */
+  private List<Byte> toList(byte[] bytes) {
+    List<Byte> result = new ArrayList<Byte>();
+    for (byte b : bytes) {
+      result.add(b);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private void assertEqualBytes(byte[] a, byte[] b) {
+    assertEquals(toList(a), toList(b));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Writes the given value using writeRawVarint32() and writeRawVarint64() and
+   * checks that the result matches the given bytes.
+   */
+  private void assertWriteVarint(byte[] data, long value) throws Exception {
+    // Only do 32-bit write if the value fits in 32 bits.
+    if ((value >>> 32) == 0) {
+      ByteArrayOutputStream rawOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput);
+      output.writeRawVarint32((int) value);
+      output.flush();
+      assertEqualBytes(data, rawOutput.toByteArray());
+
+      // Also try computing size.
+      assertEquals(data.length,
+                   CodedOutputStream.computeRawVarint32Size((int) value));
+    }
+
+    {
+      ByteArrayOutputStream rawOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput);
+      output.writeRawVarint64(value);
+      output.flush();
+      assertEqualBytes(data, rawOutput.toByteArray());
+
+      // Also try computing size.
+      assertEquals(data.length,
+                   CodedOutputStream.computeRawVarint64Size(value));
+    }
+
+    // Try different block sizes.
+    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+      // Only do 32-bit write if the value fits in 32 bits.
+      if ((value >>> 32) == 0) {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream rawOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        CodedOutputStream output =
+          CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput, blockSize);
+        output.writeRawVarint32((int) value);
+        output.flush();
+        assertEqualBytes(data, rawOutput.toByteArray());
+      }
+
+      {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream rawOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        CodedOutputStream output =
+          CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput, blockSize);
+        output.writeRawVarint64(value);
+        output.flush();
+        assertEqualBytes(data, rawOutput.toByteArray());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Tests writeRawVarint32() and writeRawVarint64(). */
+  public void testWriteVarint() throws Exception {
+    assertWriteVarint(bytes(0x00), 0);
+    assertWriteVarint(bytes(0x01), 1);
+    assertWriteVarint(bytes(0x7f), 127);
+    // 14882
+    assertWriteVarint(bytes(0xa2, 0x74), (0x22 << 0) | (0x74 << 7));
+    // 2961488830
+    assertWriteVarint(bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b),
+      (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
+      (0x0bL << 28));
+
+    // 64-bit
+    // 7256456126
+    assertWriteVarint(bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b),
+      (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
+      (0x1bL << 28));
+    // 41256202580718336
+    assertWriteVarint(
+      bytes(0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49),
+      (0x00 << 0) | (0x66 << 7) | (0x6b << 14) | (0x1c << 21) |
+      (0x43L << 28) | (0x49L << 35) | (0x24L << 42) | (0x49L << 49));
+    // 11964378330978735131
+    assertWriteVarint(
+      bytes(0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85, 0xa6, 0x01),
+      (0x1b << 0) | (0x28 << 7) | (0x79 << 14) | (0x42 << 21) |
+      (0x3bL << 28) | (0x56L << 35) | (0x00L << 42) |
+      (0x05L << 49) | (0x26L << 56) | (0x01L << 63));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses the given bytes using writeRawLittleEndian32() and checks
+   * that the result matches the given value.
+   */
+  private void assertWriteLittleEndian32(byte[] data, int value)
+                                         throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream rawOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput);
+    output.writeRawLittleEndian32(value);
+    output.flush();
+    assertEqualBytes(data, rawOutput.toByteArray());
+
+    // Try different block sizes.
+    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+      rawOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput, blockSize);
+      output.writeRawLittleEndian32(value);
+      output.flush();
+      assertEqualBytes(data, rawOutput.toByteArray());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses the given bytes using writeRawLittleEndian64() and checks
+   * that the result matches the given value.
+   */
+  private void assertWriteLittleEndian64(byte[] data, long value)
+                                         throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream rawOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput);
+    output.writeRawLittleEndian64(value);
+    output.flush();
+    assertEqualBytes(data, rawOutput.toByteArray());
+
+    // Try different block sizes.
+    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+      rawOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput, blockSize);
+      output.writeRawLittleEndian64(value);
+      output.flush();
+      assertEqualBytes(data, rawOutput.toByteArray());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Tests writeRawLittleEndian32() and writeRawLittleEndian64(). */
+  public void testWriteLittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertWriteLittleEndian32(bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12), 0x12345678);
+    assertWriteLittleEndian32(bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a), 0x9abcdef0);
+
+    assertWriteLittleEndian64(
+      bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12),
+      0x123456789abcdef0L);
+    assertWriteLittleEndian64(
+      bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a),
+      0x9abcdef012345678L);
+  }
+
+  /** Test encodeZigZag32() and encodeZigZag64(). */
+  public void testEncodeZigZag() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32( 0));
+    assertEquals(1, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(-1));
+    assertEquals(2, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32( 1));
+    assertEquals(3, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(-2));
+    assertEquals(0x7FFFFFFE, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(0x3FFFFFFF));
+    assertEquals(0x7FFFFFFF, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(0xC0000000));
+    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFE, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFF));
+    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFF, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(0x80000000));
+
+    assertEquals(0, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64( 0));
+    assertEquals(1, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(-1));
+    assertEquals(2, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64( 1));
+    assertEquals(3, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(-2));
+    assertEquals(0x000000007FFFFFFEL,
+                 CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(0x000000003FFFFFFFL));
+    assertEquals(0x000000007FFFFFFFL,
+                 CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFC0000000L));
+    assertEquals(0x00000000FFFFFFFEL,
+                 CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFFL));
+    assertEquals(0x00000000FFFFFFFFL,
+                 CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFF80000000L));
+    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEL,
+                 CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL));
+    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL,
+                 CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(0x8000000000000000L));
+
+    // Some easier-to-verify round-trip tests.  The inputs (other than 0, 1, -1)
+    // were chosen semi-randomly via keyboard bashing.
+    assertEquals(0,
+      CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0)));
+    assertEquals(1,
+      CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(1)));
+    assertEquals(-1,
+      CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(-1)));
+    assertEquals(14927,
+      CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(14927)));
+    assertEquals(-3612,
+      CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(-3612)));
+
+    assertEquals(0,
+      CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0)));
+    assertEquals(1,
+      CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(1)));
+    assertEquals(-1,
+      CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(-1)));
+    assertEquals(14927,
+      CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(14927)));
+    assertEquals(-3612,
+      CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(-3612)));
+
+    assertEquals(856912304801416L,
+      CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(
+        CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(
+          856912304801416L)));
+    assertEquals(-75123905439571256L,
+      CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(
+        CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(
+          -75123905439571256L)));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests writing a whole message with every field type. */
+  public void testWriteWholeMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+
+    byte[] rawBytes = message.toByteArray();
+    assertEqualBytes(TestUtil.getGoldenMessage().toByteArray(), rawBytes);
+
+    // Try different block sizes.
+    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize < 256; blockSize *= 2) {
+      ByteArrayOutputStream rawOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      CodedOutputStream output =
+        CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput, blockSize);
+      message.writeTo(output);
+      output.flush();
+      assertEqualBytes(rawBytes, rawOutput.toByteArray());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Tests writing a whole message with every packed field type. Ensures the
+   * wire format of packed fields is compatible with C++. */
+  public void testWriteWholePackedFieldsMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestPackedTypes message = TestUtil.getPackedSet();
+
+    byte[] rawBytes = message.toByteArray();
+    assertEqualBytes(TestUtil.getGoldenPackedFieldsMessage().toByteArray(),
+                     rawBytes);
+  }
+
+  /** Test writing a message containing a negative enum value. This used to
+   * fail because the size was not properly computed as a sign-extended varint.
+   */
+  public void testWriteMessageWithNegativeEnumValue() throws Exception {
+    SparseEnumMessage message = SparseEnumMessage.newBuilder()
+        .setSparseEnum(TestSparseEnum.SPARSE_E) .build();
+    assertTrue(message.getSparseEnum().getNumber() < 0);
+    byte[] rawBytes = message.toByteArray();
+    SparseEnumMessage message2 = SparseEnumMessage.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+    assertEquals(TestSparseEnum.SPARSE_E, message2.getSparseEnum());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/DeprecatedFieldTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/DeprecatedFieldTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7b77067f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/DeprecatedFieldTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestDeprecatedFields;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+/**
+ * Test field deprecation
+ *
+ * @author birdo@google.com (Roberto Scaramuzzi)
+ */
+public class DeprecatedFieldTest extends TestCase {
+  private String[] deprecatedGetterNames = {
+      "hasDeprecatedInt32",
+      "getDeprecatedInt32"};
+
+  private String[] deprecatedBuilderGetterNames = {
+      "hasDeprecatedInt32",
+      "getDeprecatedInt32",
+      "clearDeprecatedInt32"};
+
+  private String[] deprecatedBuilderSetterNames = {
+      "setDeprecatedInt32"};
+
+  public void testDeprecatedField() throws Exception {
+    Class<?> deprecatedFields = TestDeprecatedFields.class;
+    Class<?> deprecatedFieldsBuilder = TestDeprecatedFields.Builder.class;
+    for (String name : deprecatedGetterNames) {
+      Method method = deprecatedFields.getMethod(name);
+      assertTrue("Method " + name + " should be deprecated",
+          isDeprecated(method));
+    }
+    for (String name : deprecatedBuilderGetterNames) {
+      Method method = deprecatedFieldsBuilder.getMethod(name);
+      assertTrue("Method " + name + " should be deprecated",
+          isDeprecated(method));
+    }
+    for (String name : deprecatedBuilderSetterNames) {
+      Method method = deprecatedFieldsBuilder.getMethod(name, int.class);
+      assertTrue("Method " + name + " should be deprecated",
+          isDeprecated(method));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean isDeprecated(AnnotatedElement annotated) {
+    return annotated.isAnnotationPresent(Deprecated.class);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/DescriptorsTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/DescriptorsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37e1ca735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/DescriptorsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.DescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.EnumDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.EnumValueDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.FieldDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.FileDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.DescriptorValidationException;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.ServiceDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.MethodDescriptor;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.test.UnittestImport;
+import com.google.protobuf.test.UnittestImport.ImportEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.test.UnittestImport.ImportMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignEnum;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestExtremeDefaultValues;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestService;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestCustomOptions;
+
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link Descriptors}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class DescriptorsTest extends TestCase {
+
+  // Regression test for bug where referencing a FieldDescriptor.Type value
+  // before a FieldDescriptorProto.Type value would yield a
+  // ExceptionInInitializerError.
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+  private static final Object STATIC_INIT_TEST = FieldDescriptor.Type.BOOL;
+
+  public void testFieldTypeEnumMapping() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.Type.values().length,
+        FieldDescriptorProto.Type.values().length);
+    for (FieldDescriptor.Type type : FieldDescriptor.Type.values()) {
+      FieldDescriptorProto.Type protoType = type.toProto();
+      assertEquals("TYPE_" + type.name(), protoType.name());
+      assertEquals(type, FieldDescriptor.Type.valueOf(protoType));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testFileDescriptor() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptor file = UnittestProto.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertEquals("google/protobuf/unittest.proto", file.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest", file.getPackage());
+
+    assertEquals("UnittestProto", file.getOptions().getJavaOuterClassname());
+    assertEquals("google/protobuf/unittest.proto",
+                 file.toProto().getName());
+
+    assertEquals(Arrays.asList(UnittestImport.getDescriptor()),
+                 file.getDependencies());
+
+    Descriptor messageType = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(messageType, file.getMessageTypes().get(0));
+    assertEquals(messageType, file.findMessageTypeByName("TestAllTypes"));
+    assertNull(file.findMessageTypeByName("NoSuchType"));
+    assertNull(file.findMessageTypeByName("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes"));
+    for (int i = 0; i < file.getMessageTypes().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, file.getMessageTypes().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+
+    EnumDescriptor enumType = ForeignEnum.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(enumType, file.getEnumTypes().get(0));
+    assertEquals(enumType, file.findEnumTypeByName("ForeignEnum"));
+    assertNull(file.findEnumTypeByName("NoSuchType"));
+    assertNull(file.findEnumTypeByName("protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum"));
+    assertEquals(Arrays.asList(ImportEnum.getDescriptor()),
+                 UnittestImport.getDescriptor().getEnumTypes());
+    for (int i = 0; i < file.getEnumTypes().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, file.getEnumTypes().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+
+    ServiceDescriptor service = TestService.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(service, file.getServices().get(0));
+    assertEquals(service, file.findServiceByName("TestService"));
+    assertNull(file.findServiceByName("NoSuchType"));
+    assertNull(file.findServiceByName("protobuf_unittest.TestService"));
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(),
+                 UnittestImport.getDescriptor().getServices());
+    for (int i = 0; i < file.getServices().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, file.getServices().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+
+    FieldDescriptor extension =
+      UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(extension, file.getExtensions().get(0));
+    assertEquals(extension,
+                 file.findExtensionByName("optional_int32_extension"));
+    assertNull(file.findExtensionByName("no_such_ext"));
+    assertNull(file.findExtensionByName(
+      "protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension"));
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(),
+                 UnittestImport.getDescriptor().getExtensions());
+    for (int i = 0; i < file.getExtensions().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, file.getExtensions().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testDescriptor() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor messageType = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    Descriptor nestedType = TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertEquals("TestAllTypes", messageType.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes", messageType.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.getDescriptor(), messageType.getFile());
+    assertNull(messageType.getContainingType());
+    assertEquals(DescriptorProtos.MessageOptions.getDefaultInstance(),
+                 messageType.getOptions());
+    assertEquals("TestAllTypes", messageType.toProto().getName());
+
+    assertEquals("NestedMessage", nestedType.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage",
+                 nestedType.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.getDescriptor(), nestedType.getFile());
+    assertEquals(messageType, nestedType.getContainingType());
+
+    FieldDescriptor field = messageType.getFields().get(0);
+    assertEquals("optional_int32", field.getName());
+    assertEquals(field, messageType.findFieldByName("optional_int32"));
+    assertNull(messageType.findFieldByName("no_such_field"));
+    assertEquals(field, messageType.findFieldByNumber(1));
+    assertNull(messageType.findFieldByNumber(571283));
+    for (int i = 0; i < messageType.getFields().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, messageType.getFields().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(nestedType, messageType.getNestedTypes().get(0));
+    assertEquals(nestedType, messageType.findNestedTypeByName("NestedMessage"));
+    assertNull(messageType.findNestedTypeByName("NoSuchType"));
+    for (int i = 0; i < messageType.getNestedTypes().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, messageType.getNestedTypes().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+
+    EnumDescriptor enumType = TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(enumType, messageType.getEnumTypes().get(0));
+    assertEquals(enumType, messageType.findEnumTypeByName("NestedEnum"));
+    assertNull(messageType.findEnumTypeByName("NoSuchType"));
+    for (int i = 0; i < messageType.getEnumTypes().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, messageType.getEnumTypes().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testFieldDescriptor() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor messageType = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    FieldDescriptor primitiveField =
+      messageType.findFieldByName("optional_int32");
+    FieldDescriptor enumField =
+      messageType.findFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
+    FieldDescriptor messageField =
+      messageType.findFieldByName("optional_foreign_message");
+    FieldDescriptor cordField =
+      messageType.findFieldByName("optional_cord");
+    FieldDescriptor extension =
+      UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension.getDescriptor();
+    FieldDescriptor nestedExtension = TestRequired.single.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertEquals("optional_int32", primitiveField.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.optional_int32",
+                 primitiveField.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(1, primitiveField.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(messageType, primitiveField.getContainingType());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.getDescriptor(), primitiveField.getFile());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.Type.INT32, primitiveField.getType());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.JavaType.INT, primitiveField.getJavaType());
+    assertEquals(DescriptorProtos.FieldOptions.getDefaultInstance(),
+                 primitiveField.getOptions());
+    assertFalse(primitiveField.isExtension());
+    assertEquals("optional_int32", primitiveField.toProto().getName());
+
+    assertEquals("optional_nested_enum", enumField.getName());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM, enumField.getType());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.JavaType.ENUM, enumField.getJavaType());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.getDescriptor(),
+                 enumField.getEnumType());
+
+    assertEquals("optional_foreign_message", messageField.getName());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE, messageField.getType());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE, messageField.getJavaType());
+    assertEquals(ForeignMessage.getDescriptor(), messageField.getMessageType());
+
+    assertEquals("optional_cord", cordField.getName());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.Type.STRING, cordField.getType());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.JavaType.STRING, cordField.getJavaType());
+    assertEquals(DescriptorProtos.FieldOptions.CType.CORD,
+                 cordField.getOptions().getCtype());
+
+    assertEquals("optional_int32_extension", extension.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension",
+                 extension.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(1, extension.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor(),
+                 extension.getContainingType());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.getDescriptor(), extension.getFile());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.Type.INT32, extension.getType());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.JavaType.INT, extension.getJavaType());
+    assertEquals(DescriptorProtos.FieldOptions.getDefaultInstance(),
+                 extension.getOptions());
+    assertTrue(extension.isExtension());
+    assertEquals(null, extension.getExtensionScope());
+    assertEquals("optional_int32_extension", extension.toProto().getName());
+
+    assertEquals("single", nestedExtension.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.TestRequired.single",
+                 nestedExtension.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(TestRequired.getDescriptor(),
+                 nestedExtension.getExtensionScope());
+  }
+
+  public void testFieldDescriptorLabel() throws Exception {
+    FieldDescriptor requiredField =
+      TestRequired.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("a");
+    FieldDescriptor optionalField =
+      TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("optional_int32");
+    FieldDescriptor repeatedField =
+      TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("repeated_int32");
+
+    assertTrue(requiredField.isRequired());
+    assertFalse(requiredField.isRepeated());
+    assertFalse(optionalField.isRequired());
+    assertFalse(optionalField.isRepeated());
+    assertFalse(repeatedField.isRequired());
+    assertTrue(repeatedField.isRepeated());
+  }
+
+  public void testFieldDescriptorDefault() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor d = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    assertFalse(d.findFieldByName("optional_int32").hasDefaultValue());
+    assertEquals(0, d.findFieldByName("optional_int32").getDefaultValue());
+    assertTrue(d.findFieldByName("default_int32").hasDefaultValue());
+    assertEquals(41, d.findFieldByName("default_int32").getDefaultValue());
+
+    d = TestExtremeDefaultValues.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(
+      ByteString.copyFrom(
+        "\0\001\007\b\f\n\r\t\013\\\'\"\u00fe".getBytes("ISO-8859-1")),
+      d.findFieldByName("escaped_bytes").getDefaultValue());
+    assertEquals(-1, d.findFieldByName("large_uint32").getDefaultValue());
+    assertEquals(-1L, d.findFieldByName("large_uint64").getDefaultValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testEnumDescriptor() throws Exception {
+    EnumDescriptor enumType = ForeignEnum.getDescriptor();
+    EnumDescriptor nestedType = TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertEquals("ForeignEnum", enumType.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum", enumType.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.getDescriptor(), enumType.getFile());
+    assertNull(enumType.getContainingType());
+    assertEquals(DescriptorProtos.EnumOptions.getDefaultInstance(),
+                 enumType.getOptions());
+
+    assertEquals("NestedEnum", nestedType.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum",
+                 nestedType.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.getDescriptor(), nestedType.getFile());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), nestedType.getContainingType());
+
+    EnumValueDescriptor value = ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO.getValueDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(value, enumType.getValues().get(0));
+    assertEquals("FOREIGN_FOO", value.getName());
+    assertEquals(4, value.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(value, enumType.findValueByName("FOREIGN_FOO"));
+    assertEquals(value, enumType.findValueByNumber(4));
+    assertNull(enumType.findValueByName("NO_SUCH_VALUE"));
+    for (int i = 0; i < enumType.getValues().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, enumType.getValues().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testServiceDescriptor() throws Exception {
+    ServiceDescriptor service = TestService.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertEquals("TestService", service.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.TestService", service.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.getDescriptor(), service.getFile());
+
+    assertEquals(2, service.getMethods().size());
+
+    MethodDescriptor fooMethod = service.getMethods().get(0);
+    assertEquals("Foo", fooMethod.getName());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.FooRequest.getDescriptor(),
+                 fooMethod.getInputType());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.FooResponse.getDescriptor(),
+                 fooMethod.getOutputType());
+    assertEquals(fooMethod, service.findMethodByName("Foo"));
+
+    MethodDescriptor barMethod = service.getMethods().get(1);
+    assertEquals("Bar", barMethod.getName());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.BarRequest.getDescriptor(),
+                 barMethod.getInputType());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.BarResponse.getDescriptor(),
+                 barMethod.getOutputType());
+    assertEquals(barMethod, service.findMethodByName("Bar"));
+
+    assertNull(service.findMethodByName("NoSuchMethod"));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < service.getMethods().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, service.getMethods().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  public void testCustomOptions() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor descriptor =
+      UnittestCustomOptions.TestMessageWithCustomOptions.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertTrue(
+      descriptor.getOptions().hasExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.messageOpt1));
+    assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(-56),
+      descriptor.getOptions().getExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.messageOpt1));
+
+    FieldDescriptor field = descriptor.findFieldByName("field1");
+    assertNotNull(field);
+
+    assertTrue(
+      field.getOptions().hasExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.fieldOpt1));
+    assertEquals(Long.valueOf(8765432109L),
+      field.getOptions().getExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.fieldOpt1));
+
+    EnumDescriptor enumType =
+      UnittestCustomOptions.TestMessageWithCustomOptions.AnEnum.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertTrue(
+      enumType.getOptions().hasExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.enumOpt1));
+    assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(-789),
+      enumType.getOptions().getExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.enumOpt1));
+
+    ServiceDescriptor service =
+      UnittestCustomOptions.TestServiceWithCustomOptions.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertTrue(
+      service.getOptions().hasExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.serviceOpt1));
+    assertEquals(Long.valueOf(-9876543210L),
+      service.getOptions().getExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.serviceOpt1));
+
+    MethodDescriptor method = service.findMethodByName("Foo");
+    assertNotNull(method);
+
+    assertTrue(
+      method.getOptions().hasExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.methodOpt1));
+    assertEquals(UnittestCustomOptions.MethodOpt1.METHODOPT1_VAL2,
+      method.getOptions().getExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.methodOpt1));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test that the FieldDescriptor.Type enum is the same as the
+   * WireFormat.FieldType enum.
+   */
+  public void testFieldTypeTablesMatch() throws Exception {
+    FieldDescriptor.Type[] values1 = FieldDescriptor.Type.values();
+    WireFormat.FieldType[] values2 = WireFormat.FieldType.values();
+
+    assertEquals(values1.length, values2.length);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < values1.length; i++) {
+      assertEquals(values1[i].toString(), values2[i].toString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test that the FieldDescriptor.JavaType enum is the same as the
+   * WireFormat.JavaType enum.
+   */
+  public void testJavaTypeTablesMatch() throws Exception {
+    FieldDescriptor.JavaType[] values1 = FieldDescriptor.JavaType.values();
+    WireFormat.JavaType[] values2 = WireFormat.JavaType.values();
+
+    assertEquals(values1.length, values2.length);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < values1.length; i++) {
+      assertEquals(values1[i].toString(), values2[i].toString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testEnormousDescriptor() throws Exception {
+    // The descriptor for this file is larger than 64k, yet it did not cause
+    // a compiler error due to an over-long string literal.
+    assertTrue(
+        UnittestEnormousDescriptor.getDescriptor()
+          .toProto().getSerializedSize() > 65536);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that the DescriptorValidationException works as intended.
+   */
+  public void testDescriptorValidatorException() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto fileDescriptorProto = FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+      .setName("foo.proto")
+      .addMessageType(DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+      .setName("Foo")
+        .addField(FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+          .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+          .setType(FieldDescriptorProto.Type.TYPE_INT32)
+          .setName("foo")
+          .setNumber(1)
+          .setDefaultValue("invalid")
+          .build())
+        .build())
+      .build();
+    try {
+      Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(fileDescriptorProto,
+          new FileDescriptor[0]);
+      fail("DescriptorValidationException expected");
+    } catch (DescriptorValidationException e) {
+      // Expected; check that the error message contains some useful hints
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().indexOf("foo") != -1);
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().indexOf("Foo") != -1);
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().indexOf("invalid") != -1);
+      assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof NumberFormatException);
+      assertTrue(e.getCause().getMessage().indexOf("invalid") != -1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the translate/crosslink for an example where a message field's name
+   * and type name are the same.
+   */
+  public void testDescriptorComplexCrosslink() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto fileDescriptorProto = FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+      .setName("foo.proto")
+      .addMessageType(DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+        .setName("Foo")
+        .addField(FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+          .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+          .setType(FieldDescriptorProto.Type.TYPE_INT32)
+          .setName("foo")
+          .setNumber(1)
+          .build())
+        .build())
+      .addMessageType(DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+        .setName("Bar")
+        .addField(FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+          .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+          .setTypeName("Foo")
+          .setName("Foo")
+          .setNumber(1)
+          .build())
+        .build())
+      .build();
+    // translate and crosslink
+    FileDescriptor file =
+      Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(fileDescriptorProto,
+          new FileDescriptor[0]);
+    // verify resulting descriptors
+    assertNotNull(file);
+    List<Descriptor> msglist = file.getMessageTypes();
+    assertNotNull(msglist);
+    assertTrue(msglist.size() == 2);
+    boolean barFound = false;
+    for (Descriptor desc : msglist) {
+      if (desc.getName().equals("Bar")) {
+        barFound = true;
+        assertNotNull(desc.getFields());
+        List<FieldDescriptor> fieldlist = desc.getFields();
+        assertNotNull(fieldlist);
+        assertTrue(fieldlist.size() == 1);
+        assertTrue(fieldlist.get(0).getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE);
+        assertTrue(fieldlist.get(0).getMessageType().getName().equals("Foo"));
+      }
+    }
+    assertTrue(barFound);
+  }
+
+  public void testInvalidPublicDependency() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto fooProto = FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+        .setName("foo.proto") .build();
+    FileDescriptorProto barProto = FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+        .setName("boo.proto")
+        .addDependency("foo.proto")
+        .addPublicDependency(1)  // Error, should be 0.
+        .build();
+    FileDescriptor fooFile = Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(fooProto,
+        new FileDescriptor[0]);
+    try {
+      Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(barProto,
+          new FileDescriptor[] {fooFile});
+      fail("DescriptorValidationException expected");
+    } catch (DescriptorValidationException e) {
+      assertTrue(
+          e.getMessage().indexOf("Invalid public dependency index.") != -1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testHiddenDependency() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto barProto = FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+        .setName("bar.proto")
+        .addMessageType(DescriptorProto.newBuilder().setName("Bar"))
+        .build();
+    FileDescriptorProto forwardProto = FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+        .setName("forward.proto")
+        .addDependency("bar.proto")
+        .build();
+    FileDescriptorProto fooProto = FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+        .setName("foo.proto")
+        .addDependency("forward.proto")
+        .addMessageType(DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("Foo")
+            .addField(FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                .setTypeName("Bar")
+                .setName("bar")
+                .setNumber(1)))
+        .build();
+    FileDescriptor barFile = Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(
+        barProto, new FileDescriptor[0]);
+    FileDescriptor forwardFile = Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(
+        forwardProto, new FileDescriptor[] {barFile});
+
+    try {
+      Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(
+          fooProto, new FileDescriptor[] {forwardFile});
+      fail("DescriptorValidationException expected");
+    } catch (DescriptorValidationException e) {
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().indexOf("Bar") != -1);
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().indexOf("is not defined") != -1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testPublicDependency() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto barProto = FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+        .setName("bar.proto")
+        .addMessageType(DescriptorProto.newBuilder().setName("Bar"))
+        .build();
+    FileDescriptorProto forwardProto = FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+        .setName("forward.proto")
+        .addDependency("bar.proto")
+        .addPublicDependency(0)
+        .build();
+    FileDescriptorProto fooProto = FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+        .setName("foo.proto")
+        .addDependency("forward.proto")
+        .addMessageType(DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("Foo")
+            .addField(FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                .setTypeName("Bar")
+                .setName("bar")
+                .setNumber(1)))
+        .build();
+    FileDescriptor barFile = Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(
+        barProto, new FileDescriptor[0]);
+    FileDescriptor forwardFile = Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(
+        forwardProto, new FileDescriptor[]{barFile});
+    Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(
+        fooProto, new FileDescriptor[] {forwardFile});
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the translate/crosslink for an example with a more complex namespace
+   * referencing.
+   */
+  public void testComplexNamespacePublicDependency() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto fooProto = FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+        .setName("bar.proto")
+        .setPackage("a.b.c.d.bar.shared")
+        .addEnumType(EnumDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("MyEnum")
+            .addValue(EnumValueDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                .setName("BLAH")
+                .setNumber(1)))
+        .build();
+    FileDescriptorProto barProto = FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+        .setName("foo.proto")
+        .addDependency("bar.proto")
+        .setPackage("a.b.c.d.foo.shared")
+        .addMessageType(DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("MyMessage")
+            .addField(FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_REPEATED)
+                .setTypeName("bar.shared.MyEnum")
+                .setName("MyField")
+                .setNumber(1)))
+        .build();
+    // translate and crosslink
+    FileDescriptor fooFile = Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(
+        fooProto, new FileDescriptor[0]);
+    FileDescriptor barFile = Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(
+        barProto, new FileDescriptor[]{fooFile});
+    // verify resulting descriptors
+    assertNotNull(barFile);
+    List<Descriptor> msglist = barFile.getMessageTypes();
+    assertNotNull(msglist);
+    assertTrue(msglist.size() == 1);
+    Descriptor desc = msglist.get(0);
+    if (desc.getName().equals("MyMessage")) {
+      assertNotNull(desc.getFields());
+      List<FieldDescriptor> fieldlist = desc.getFields();
+      assertNotNull(fieldlist);
+      assertTrue(fieldlist.size() == 1);
+      FieldDescriptor field = fieldlist.get(0);
+      assertTrue(field.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM);
+      assertTrue(field.getEnumType().getName().equals("MyEnum"));
+      assertTrue(field.getEnumType().getFile().getName().equals("bar.proto"));
+      assertTrue(field.getEnumType().getFile().getPackage().equals(
+          "a.b.c.d.bar.shared"));
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/DynamicMessageTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/DynamicMessageTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00230678f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/DynamicMessageTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link DynamicMessage}.  See also {@link MessageTest}, which
+ * tests some {@link DynamicMessage} functionality.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class DynamicMessageTest extends TestCase {
+  TestUtil.ReflectionTester reflectionTester =
+    new TestUtil.ReflectionTester(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), null);
+
+  TestUtil.ReflectionTester extensionsReflectionTester =
+    new TestUtil.ReflectionTester(TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor(),
+                                  TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry());
+  TestUtil.ReflectionTester packedReflectionTester =
+    new TestUtil.ReflectionTester(TestPackedTypes.getDescriptor(), null);
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageAccessors() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    Message message = builder.build();
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testSettersAfterBuild() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    Message firstMessage = builder.build();
+    // double build()
+    builder.build();
+    // clear() after build()
+    builder.clear();
+    // setters after build()
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    Message message = builder.build();
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+    // repeated setters after build()
+    reflectionTester.modifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    reflectionTester.assertRepeatedFieldsModifiedViaReflection(message);
+    // firstMessage shouldn't have been modified.
+    reflectionTester.assertClearViaReflection(firstMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownFields() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestEmptyMessage.getDescriptor());
+    builder.setUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+        .addField(1, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(1).build())
+        .addField(2, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addFixed32(1).build())
+        .build());
+    Message message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(2, message.getUnknownFields().asMap().size());
+    // clone() with unknown fields
+    Message.Builder newBuilder = builder.clone();
+    assertEquals(2, newBuilder.getUnknownFields().asMap().size());
+    // clear() with unknown fields
+    newBuilder.clear();
+    assertTrue(newBuilder.getUnknownFields().asMap().isEmpty());
+    // serialize/parse with unknown fields
+    newBuilder.mergeFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertEquals(2, newBuilder.getUnknownFields().asMap().size());
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    reflectionTester.assertReflectionSettersRejectNull(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageExtensionAccessors() throws Exception {
+    // We don't need to extensively test DynamicMessage's handling of
+    // extensions because, frankly, it doesn't do anything special with them.
+    // It treats them just like any other fields.
+    Message.Builder builder =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor());
+    extensionsReflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    Message message = builder.build();
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageExtensionSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor());
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertReflectionSettersRejectNull(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageRepeatedSetters() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    reflectionTester.modifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    Message message = builder.build();
+    reflectionTester.assertRepeatedFieldsModifiedViaReflection(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageRepeatedSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    reflectionTester.assertReflectionRepeatedSettersRejectNull(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageDefaults() throws Exception {
+    reflectionTester.assertClearViaReflection(
+      DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()));
+    reflectionTester.assertClearViaReflection(
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()).build());
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageSerializedSize() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+
+    Message.Builder dynamicBuilder =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(dynamicBuilder);
+    Message dynamicMessage = dynamicBuilder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(),
+                 dynamicMessage.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageSerialization() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    Message message = builder.build();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+    TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
+
+    // In fact, the serialized forms should be exactly the same, byte-for-byte.
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteString(), rawBytes);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageParsing() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    Message message2 =
+      DynamicMessage.parseFrom(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), rawBytes);
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message2);
+
+    // Test Parser interface.
+    Message message3 = message2.getParserForType().parseFrom(rawBytes);
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message3);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageExtensionParsing() throws Exception {
+    ByteString rawBytes = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet().toByteString();
+    Message message = DynamicMessage.parseFrom(
+        TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor(), rawBytes,
+        TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry());
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+
+    // Test Parser interface.
+    Message message2 = message.getParserForType().parseFrom(
+        rawBytes, TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry());
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessagePackedSerialization() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestPackedTypes.getDescriptor());
+    packedReflectionTester.setPackedFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    Message message = builder.build();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+    TestPackedTypes message2 = TestPackedTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(message2);
+
+    // In fact, the serialized forms should be exactly the same, byte-for-byte.
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.getPackedSet().toByteString(), rawBytes);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessagePackedParsing() throws Exception {
+    TestPackedTypes.Builder builder = TestPackedTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setPackedFields(builder);
+    TestPackedTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    Message message2 =
+      DynamicMessage.parseFrom(TestPackedTypes.getDescriptor(), rawBytes);
+    packedReflectionTester.assertPackedFieldsSetViaReflection(message2);
+
+    // Test Parser interface.
+    Message message3 = message2.getParserForType().parseFrom(rawBytes);
+    packedReflectionTester.assertPackedFieldsSetViaReflection(message3);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageCopy() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    DynamicMessage copy = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(message).build();
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(copy);
+  }
+
+  public void testToBuilder() throws Exception {
+    DynamicMessage.Builder builder =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    int unknownFieldNum = 9;
+    long unknownFieldVal = 90;
+    builder.setUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+        .addField(unknownFieldNum,
+            UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+                .addVarint(unknownFieldVal).build())
+        .build());
+    DynamicMessage message = builder.build();
+
+    DynamicMessage derived = message.toBuilder().build();
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(derived);
+    assertEquals(Arrays.asList(unknownFieldVal),
+        derived.getUnknownFields().getField(unknownFieldNum).getVarintList());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/ForceFieldBuildersPreRun.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/ForceFieldBuildersPreRun.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a39500ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/ForceFieldBuildersPreRun.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+/**
+ * A prerun for a test suite that allows running the full protocol buffer
+ * tests in a mode that disables the optimization for not using
+ * {@link RepeatedFieldBuilder} and {@link SingleFieldBuilder} until they are
+ * requested. This allows us to run all the tests through both code paths
+ * and ensures that both code paths produce identical results.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class ForceFieldBuildersPreRun implements Runnable {
+
+  //@Override (Java 1.6 override semantics, but we must support 1.5)
+  public void run() {
+    // GeneratedMessage.enableAlwaysUseFieldBuildersForTesting();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/GeneratedMessageTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/GeneratedMessageTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e7d41e85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/GeneratedMessageTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,961 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.test.UnittestImport;
+import protobuf_unittest.EnumWithNoOuter;
+import protobuf_unittest.MessageWithNoOuter;
+import protobuf_unittest.MultipleFilesTestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.NestedExtension.MyNestedExtension;
+import protobuf_unittest.NonNestedExtension;
+import protobuf_unittest.NonNestedExtension.MessageToBeExtended;
+import protobuf_unittest.NonNestedExtension.MyNonNestedExtension;
+import protobuf_unittest.ServiceWithNoOuter;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestOptimizeFor.TestOptimizedForSize;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestOptimizeFor.TestOptionalOptimizedForSize;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestOptimizeFor.TestRequiredOptimizedForSize;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignEnum;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessageOrBuilder;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypesOrBuilder;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestExtremeDefaultValues;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestUnpackedTypes;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for generated messages and generated code.  See also
+ * {@link MessageTest}, which tests some generated message functionality.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class GeneratedMessageTest extends TestCase {
+  TestUtil.ReflectionTester reflectionTester =
+    new TestUtil.ReflectionTester(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), null);
+
+  public void testDefaultInstance() throws Exception {
+    assertSame(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(),
+               TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance().getDefaultInstanceForType());
+    assertSame(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(),
+               TestAllTypes.newBuilder().getDefaultInstanceForType());
+  }
+
+  public void testMessageOrBuilder() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testUsingBuilderMultipleTimes() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    // primitive field scalar and repeated
+    builder.setOptionalSfixed64(100);
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(100);
+    // enum field scalar and repeated
+    builder.setOptionalImportEnum(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR);
+    builder.addRepeatedImportEnum(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR);
+    // proto field scalar and repeated
+    builder.setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(1));
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(1));
+
+    TestAllTypes value1 = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(100, value1.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    assertEquals(100, value1.getRepeatedInt32(0));
+    assertEquals(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR,
+        value1.getOptionalImportEnum());
+    assertEquals(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR,
+        value1.getRepeatedImportEnum(0));
+    assertEquals(1, value1.getOptionalForeignMessage().getC());
+    assertEquals(1, value1.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0).getC());
+
+    // Make sure that builder didn't update previously created values
+    builder.setOptionalSfixed64(200);
+    builder.setRepeatedInt32(0, 200);
+    builder.setOptionalImportEnum(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO);
+    builder.setRepeatedImportEnum(0, UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO);
+    builder.setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(2));
+    builder.setRepeatedForeignMessage(0, ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(2));
+
+    TestAllTypes value2 = builder.build();
+
+    // Make sure value1 didn't change.
+    assertEquals(100, value1.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    assertEquals(100, value1.getRepeatedInt32(0));
+    assertEquals(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR,
+        value1.getOptionalImportEnum());
+    assertEquals(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR,
+        value1.getRepeatedImportEnum(0));
+    assertEquals(1, value1.getOptionalForeignMessage().getC());
+    assertEquals(1, value1.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0).getC());
+
+    // Make sure value2 is correct
+    assertEquals(200, value2.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    assertEquals(200, value2.getRepeatedInt32(0));
+    assertEquals(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO,
+        value2.getOptionalImportEnum());
+    assertEquals(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO,
+        value2.getRepeatedImportEnum(0));
+    assertEquals(2, value2.getOptionalForeignMessage().getC());
+    assertEquals(2, value2.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0).getC());
+  }
+
+  public void testRepeatedArraysAreImmutable() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(100);
+    builder.addRepeatedImportEnum(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR);
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(builder.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(builder.getRepeatedImportEnumList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(builder.getRepeatedFloatList());
+
+
+    TestAllTypes value = builder.build();
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedImportEnumList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedFloatList());
+  }
+
+  public void testParsedMessagesAreImmutable() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes value = TestAllTypes.PARSER.parseFrom(
+        TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteString());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedInt64List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedUint32List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedUint64List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedSint32List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedSint64List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedFixed32List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedFixed64List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedSfixed32List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedSfixed64List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedFloatList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedDoubleList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedBoolList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedStringList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedBytesList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedGroupList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedNestedMessageList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedImportMessageList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedNestedEnumList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedForeignEnumList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedImportEnumList());
+  }
+
+  private void assertIsUnmodifiable(List<?> list) {
+    if (list == Collections.emptyList()) {
+      // OKAY -- Need to check this b/c EmptyList allows you to call clear.
+    } else {
+      try {
+        list.clear();
+        fail("List wasn't immutable");
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // good
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      builder.setOptionalString(null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.setOptionalBytes(null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.setOptionalNestedMessage((TestAllTypes.NestedMessage) null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.setOptionalNestedMessage(
+          (TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.Builder) null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.setOptionalNestedEnum(null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.addRepeatedString(null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.addRepeatedBytes(null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.addRepeatedNestedMessage((TestAllTypes.NestedMessage) null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.addRepeatedNestedMessage(
+          (TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.Builder) null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRepeatedSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestUtil.modifyRepeatedFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertRepeatedFieldsModified(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testRepeatedSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+
+    builder.addRepeatedString("one");
+    builder.addRepeatedString("two");
+    try {
+      builder.setRepeatedString(1, null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+
+    builder.addRepeatedBytes(TestUtil.toBytes("one"));
+    builder.addRepeatedBytes(TestUtil.toBytes("two"));
+    try {
+      builder.setRepeatedBytes(1, null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedMessage(
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(218).build());
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedMessage(
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(456).build());
+    try {
+      builder.setRepeatedNestedMessage(1, (TestAllTypes.NestedMessage) null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.setRepeatedNestedMessage(
+          1, (TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.Builder) null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR);
+    try {
+      builder.setRepeatedNestedEnum(1, null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRepeatedAppend() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+
+    builder.addAllRepeatedInt32(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    builder.addAllRepeatedForeignEnum(Arrays.asList(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ));
+
+    ForeignMessage foreignMessage =
+        ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(12).build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedForeignMessage(Arrays.asList(foreignMessage));
+
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getRepeatedInt32List(), Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    assertEquals(message.getRepeatedForeignEnumList(),
+        Arrays.asList(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ));
+    assertEquals(1, message.getRepeatedForeignMessageCount());
+    assertEquals(12, message.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0).getC());
+  }
+
+  public void testRepeatedAppendRejectsNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+
+    ForeignMessage foreignMessage =
+        ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(12).build();
+    try {
+      builder.addAllRepeatedForeignMessage(
+          Arrays.asList(foreignMessage, (ForeignMessage) null));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.addAllRepeatedForeignEnum(
+          Arrays.asList(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ, null));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.addAllRepeatedString(Arrays.asList("one", null));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.addAllRepeatedBytes(Arrays.asList(TestUtil.toBytes("one"), null));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSettingForeignMessageUsingBuilder() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+        // Pass builder for foreign message instance.
+        .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(123))
+        .build();
+    TestAllTypes expectedMessage = TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+        // Create expected version passing foreign message instance explicitly.
+        .setOptionalForeignMessage(
+            ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(123).build())
+        .build();
+    // TODO(ngd): Upgrade to using real #equals method once implemented
+    assertEquals(expectedMessage.toString(), message.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testSettingRepeatedForeignMessageUsingBuilder() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+        // Pass builder for foreign message instance.
+        .addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(456))
+        .build();
+    TestAllTypes expectedMessage = TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+        // Create expected version passing foreign message instance explicitly.
+        .addRepeatedForeignMessage(
+            ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(456).build())
+        .build();
+    assertEquals(expectedMessage.toString(), message.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testDefaults() throws Exception {
+    TestUtil.assertClear(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance());
+    TestUtil.assertClear(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().build());
+
+    TestExtremeDefaultValues message =
+        TestExtremeDefaultValues.getDefaultInstance();
+    assertEquals("\u1234", message.getUtf8String());
+    assertEquals(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, message.getInfDouble());
+    assertEquals(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, message.getNegInfDouble());
+    assertTrue(Double.isNaN(message.getNanDouble()));
+    assertEquals(Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, message.getInfFloat());
+    assertEquals(Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, message.getNegInfFloat());
+    assertTrue(Float.isNaN(message.getNanFloat()));
+    assertEquals("? ? ?? ?? ??? ??/ ??-", message.getCppTrigraph());
+  }
+
+  public void testClear() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.assertClear(builder);
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    builder.clear();
+    TestUtil.assertClear(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionGetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(builder);
+
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(builder);
+
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    reflectionTester.assertReflectionSettersRejectNull(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionRepeatedSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    reflectionTester.modifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    TestUtil.assertRepeatedFieldsModified(builder);
+
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertRepeatedFieldsModified(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionRepeatedSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    reflectionTester.assertReflectionRepeatedSettersRejectNull(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionDefaults() throws Exception {
+    reflectionTester.assertClearViaReflection(
+      TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance());
+    reflectionTester.assertClearViaReflection(
+      TestAllTypes.newBuilder().build());
+  }
+
+  public void testEnumInterface() throws Exception {
+    assertTrue(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance().getDefaultNestedEnum()
+        instanceof ProtocolMessageEnum);
+  }
+
+  public void testEnumMap() throws Exception {
+    Internal.EnumLiteMap<ForeignEnum> map = ForeignEnum.internalGetValueMap();
+
+    for (ForeignEnum value : ForeignEnum.values()) {
+      assertEquals(value, map.findValueByNumber(value.getNumber()));
+    }
+
+    assertTrue(map.findValueByNumber(12345) == null);
+  }
+
+  public void testParsePackedToUnpacked() throws Exception {
+    TestUnpackedTypes.Builder builder = TestUnpackedTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUnpackedTypes message =
+      builder.mergeFrom(TestUtil.getPackedSet().toByteString()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertUnpackedFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseUnpackedToPacked() throws Exception {
+    TestPackedTypes.Builder builder = TestPackedTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestPackedTypes message =
+      builder.mergeFrom(TestUtil.getUnpackedSet().toByteString()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Extensions.
+
+  TestUtil.ReflectionTester extensionsReflectionTester =
+    new TestUtil.ReflectionTester(TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor(),
+                                  TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry());
+
+  public void testExtensionMessageOrBuilder() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllExtensions(builder);
+    TestAllExtensions message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionRepeatedSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllExtensions(builder);
+    TestUtil.modifyRepeatedExtensions(builder);
+    TestAllExtensions message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertRepeatedExtensionsModified(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionDefaults() throws Exception {
+    TestUtil.assertExtensionsClear(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance());
+    TestUtil.assertExtensionsClear(TestAllExtensions.newBuilder().build());
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionReflectionGetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllExtensions(builder);
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(builder);
+
+    TestAllExtensions message = builder.build();
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionReflectionSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    extensionsReflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(builder);
+
+    TestAllExtensions message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionReflectionSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertReflectionSettersRejectNull(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionReflectionRepeatedSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    extensionsReflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    extensionsReflectionTester.modifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    TestUtil.assertRepeatedExtensionsModified(builder);
+
+    TestAllExtensions message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertRepeatedExtensionsModified(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionReflectionRepeatedSettersRejectNull()
+      throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertReflectionRepeatedSettersRejectNull(
+        builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionReflectionDefaults() throws Exception {
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertClearViaReflection(
+      TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance());
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertClearViaReflection(
+      TestAllExtensions.newBuilder().build());
+  }
+
+  public void testClearExtension() throws Exception {
+    // clearExtension() is not actually used in TestUtil, so try it manually.
+    assertFalse(
+      TestAllExtensions.newBuilder()
+        .setExtension(UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension, 1)
+        .clearExtension(UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension)
+        .hasExtension(UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension));
+    assertEquals(0,
+      TestAllExtensions.newBuilder()
+        .addExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension, 1)
+        .clearExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension)
+        .getExtensionCount(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension));
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionCopy() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions original = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    TestAllExtensions copy = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder(original).build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(copy);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionMergeFrom() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions original =
+      TestAllExtensions.newBuilder()
+        .setExtension(UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension, 1).build();
+    TestAllExtensions merged =
+        TestAllExtensions.newBuilder().mergeFrom(original).build();
+    assertTrue(merged.hasExtension(UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension));
+    assertEquals(
+        1, (int) merged.getExtension(UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension));
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // multiple_files_test
+
+  public void testMultipleFilesOption() throws Exception {
+    // We mostly just want to check that things compile.
+    MessageWithNoOuter message =
+      MessageWithNoOuter.newBuilder()
+        .setNested(MessageWithNoOuter.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setI(1))
+        .addForeign(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1))
+        .setNestedEnum(MessageWithNoOuter.NestedEnum.BAZ)
+        .setForeignEnum(EnumWithNoOuter.BAR)
+        .build();
+    assertEquals(message, MessageWithNoOuter.parseFrom(message.toByteString()));
+
+    assertEquals(MultipleFilesTestProto.getDescriptor(),
+                 MessageWithNoOuter.getDescriptor().getFile());
+
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field =
+      MessageWithNoOuter.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("foreign_enum");
+    assertEquals(EnumWithNoOuter.BAR.getValueDescriptor(),
+                 message.getField(field));
+
+    assertEquals(MultipleFilesTestProto.getDescriptor(),
+                 ServiceWithNoOuter.getDescriptor().getFile());
+
+    assertFalse(
+      TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance().hasExtension(
+        MultipleFilesTestProto.extensionWithOuter));
+  }
+
+  public void testOptionalFieldWithRequiredSubfieldsOptimizedForSize()
+    throws Exception {
+    TestOptionalOptimizedForSize message =
+        TestOptionalOptimizedForSize.getDefaultInstance();
+    assertTrue(message.isInitialized());
+
+    message = TestOptionalOptimizedForSize.newBuilder().setO(
+        TestRequiredOptimizedForSize.newBuilder().buildPartial()
+        ).buildPartial();
+    assertFalse(message.isInitialized());
+
+    message = TestOptionalOptimizedForSize.newBuilder().setO(
+        TestRequiredOptimizedForSize.newBuilder().setX(5).buildPartial()
+        ).buildPartial();
+    assertTrue(message.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testUninitializedExtensionInOptimizedForSize()
+      throws Exception {
+    TestOptimizedForSize.Builder builder = TestOptimizedForSize.newBuilder();
+    builder.setExtension(TestOptimizedForSize.testExtension2,
+        TestRequiredOptimizedForSize.newBuilder().buildPartial());
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    assertFalse(builder.buildPartial().isInitialized());
+
+    builder = TestOptimizedForSize.newBuilder();
+    builder.setExtension(TestOptimizedForSize.testExtension2,
+        TestRequiredOptimizedForSize.newBuilder().setX(10).buildPartial());
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+    assertTrue(builder.buildPartial().isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testToBuilder() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message);
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message.toBuilder().build());
+  }
+
+  public void testFieldConstantValues() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.BB_FIELD_NUMBER, 1);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.OPTIONAL_INT32_FIELD_NUMBER, 1);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.OPTIONALGROUP_FIELD_NUMBER, 16);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE_FIELD_NUMBER, 18);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.OPTIONAL_NESTED_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER, 21);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.REPEATED_INT32_FIELD_NUMBER, 31);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.REPEATEDGROUP_FIELD_NUMBER, 46);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.REPEATED_NESTED_MESSAGE_FIELD_NUMBER, 48);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.REPEATED_NESTED_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER, 51);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionConstantValues() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.TestRequired.SINGLE_FIELD_NUMBER, 1000);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.TestRequired.MULTI_FIELD_NUMBER, 1001);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.OPTIONAL_INT32_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 1);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.OPTIONALGROUP_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 16);
+    assertEquals(
+      UnittestProto.OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 18);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.OPTIONAL_NESTED_ENUM_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 21);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.REPEATED_INT32_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 31);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.REPEATEDGROUP_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 46);
+    assertEquals(
+      UnittestProto.REPEATED_NESTED_MESSAGE_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 48);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.REPEATED_NESTED_ENUM_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 51);
+  }
+
+  public void testRecursiveMessageDefaultInstance() throws Exception {
+    UnittestProto.TestRecursiveMessage message =
+        UnittestProto.TestRecursiveMessage.getDefaultInstance();
+    assertTrue(message != null);
+    assertTrue(message.getA() != null);
+    assertTrue(message.getA() == message);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerialize() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes expected = builder.build();
+    ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
+    try {
+      out.writeObject(expected);
+    } finally {
+      out.close();
+    }
+    ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
+    ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
+    TestAllTypes actual = (TestAllTypes) in.readObject();
+    assertEquals(expected, actual);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializePartial() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestAllTypes expected = builder.buildPartial();
+    ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
+    try {
+      out.writeObject(expected);
+    } finally {
+      out.close();
+    }
+    ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
+    ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
+    TestAllTypes actual = (TestAllTypes) in.readObject();
+    assertEquals(expected, actual);
+  }
+
+  public void testEnumValues() {
+     assertEquals(
+         TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR.getNumber(),
+         TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR_VALUE);
+    assertEquals(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ.getNumber(),
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ_VALUE);
+    assertEquals(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO.getNumber(),
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO_VALUE);
+  }
+
+  public void testNonNestedExtensionInitialization() {
+    assertTrue(NonNestedExtension.nonNestedExtension
+               .getMessageDefaultInstance() instanceof MyNonNestedExtension);
+    assertEquals("nonNestedExtension",
+                 NonNestedExtension.nonNestedExtension.getDescriptor().getName());
+  }
+
+  public void testNestedExtensionInitialization() {
+    assertTrue(MyNestedExtension.recursiveExtension.getMessageDefaultInstance()
+               instanceof MessageToBeExtended);
+    assertEquals("recursiveExtension",
+                 MyNestedExtension.recursiveExtension.getDescriptor().getName());
+  }
+
+
+  public void testBaseMessageOrBuilder() {
+    // Mostly just makes sure the base interface exists and has some methods.
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.buildPartial();
+    TestAllTypesOrBuilder builderAsInterface = (TestAllTypesOrBuilder) builder;
+    TestAllTypesOrBuilder messageAsInterface = (TestAllTypesOrBuilder) message;
+
+    assertEquals(
+        messageAsInterface.getDefaultBool(),
+        messageAsInterface.getDefaultBool());
+    assertEquals(
+        messageAsInterface.getOptionalDouble(),
+        messageAsInterface.getOptionalDouble());
+  }
+
+  public void testMessageOrBuilderGetters() {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+
+    // single fields
+    assertSame(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance(),
+        builder.getOptionalForeignMessageOrBuilder());
+    ForeignMessage.Builder subBuilder =
+        builder.getOptionalForeignMessageBuilder();
+    assertSame(subBuilder, builder.getOptionalForeignMessageOrBuilder());
+
+    // repeated fields
+    ForeignMessage m0 = ForeignMessage.newBuilder().buildPartial();
+    ForeignMessage m1 = ForeignMessage.newBuilder().buildPartial();
+    ForeignMessage m2 = ForeignMessage.newBuilder().buildPartial();
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(m0);
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(m1);
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(m2);
+    assertSame(m0, builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageOrBuilder(0));
+    assertSame(m1, builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageOrBuilder(1));
+    assertSame(m2, builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageOrBuilder(2));
+    ForeignMessage.Builder b0 = builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageBuilder(0);
+    ForeignMessage.Builder b1 = builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageBuilder(1);
+    assertSame(b0, builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageOrBuilder(0));
+    assertSame(b1, builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageOrBuilder(1));
+    assertSame(m2, builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageOrBuilder(2));
+
+    List<? extends ForeignMessageOrBuilder> messageOrBuilderList =
+        builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageOrBuilderList();
+    assertSame(b0, messageOrBuilderList.get(0));
+    assertSame(b1, messageOrBuilderList.get(1));
+    assertSame(m2, messageOrBuilderList.get(2));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetFieldBuilder() {
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+
+    FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor =
+        descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+    FieldDescriptor foreignFieldDescriptor =
+        descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_foreign_message");
+    FieldDescriptor importFieldDescriptor =
+        descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_import_message");
+
+    // Mutate the message with new field builder
+    // Mutate nested message
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder1 = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    Message.Builder fieldBuilder1 = builder1.newBuilderForField(fieldDescriptor)
+        .mergeFrom((Message) builder1.getField(fieldDescriptor));
+    FieldDescriptor subFieldDescriptor1 =
+        fieldBuilder1.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("bb");
+    fieldBuilder1.setField(subFieldDescriptor1, 1);
+    builder1.setField(fieldDescriptor, fieldBuilder1.build());
+
+    // Mutate foreign message
+    Message.Builder foreignFieldBuilder1 = builder1.newBuilderForField(
+        foreignFieldDescriptor)
+        .mergeFrom((Message) builder1.getField(foreignFieldDescriptor));
+    FieldDescriptor subForeignFieldDescriptor1 =
+        foreignFieldBuilder1.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("c");
+    foreignFieldBuilder1.setField(subForeignFieldDescriptor1, 2);
+    builder1.setField(foreignFieldDescriptor, foreignFieldBuilder1.build());
+
+    // Mutate import message
+    Message.Builder importFieldBuilder1 = builder1.newBuilderForField(
+        importFieldDescriptor)
+        .mergeFrom((Message) builder1.getField(importFieldDescriptor));
+    FieldDescriptor subImportFieldDescriptor1 =
+        importFieldBuilder1.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("d");
+    importFieldBuilder1.setField(subImportFieldDescriptor1, 3);
+    builder1.setField(importFieldDescriptor, importFieldBuilder1.build());
+
+    Message newMessage1 = builder1.build();
+
+    // Mutate the message with existing field builder
+    // Mutate nested message
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder2 = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    Message.Builder fieldBuilder2 = builder2.getFieldBuilder(fieldDescriptor);
+    FieldDescriptor subFieldDescriptor2 =
+        fieldBuilder2.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("bb");
+    fieldBuilder2.setField(subFieldDescriptor2, 1);
+    builder2.setField(fieldDescriptor, fieldBuilder2.build());
+
+    // Mutate foreign message
+    Message.Builder foreignFieldBuilder2 = builder2.newBuilderForField(
+        foreignFieldDescriptor)
+        .mergeFrom((Message) builder2.getField(foreignFieldDescriptor));
+    FieldDescriptor subForeignFieldDescriptor2 =
+        foreignFieldBuilder2.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("c");
+    foreignFieldBuilder2.setField(subForeignFieldDescriptor2, 2);
+    builder2.setField(foreignFieldDescriptor, foreignFieldBuilder2.build());
+
+    // Mutate import message
+    Message.Builder importFieldBuilder2 = builder2.newBuilderForField(
+        importFieldDescriptor)
+        .mergeFrom((Message) builder2.getField(importFieldDescriptor));
+    FieldDescriptor subImportFieldDescriptor2 =
+        importFieldBuilder2.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("d");
+    importFieldBuilder2.setField(subImportFieldDescriptor2, 3);
+    builder2.setField(importFieldDescriptor, importFieldBuilder2.build());
+
+    Message newMessage2 = builder2.build();
+
+    // These two messages should be equal.
+    assertEquals(newMessage1, newMessage2);
+  }
+
+  public void testGetFieldBuilderWithInitializedValue() {
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor =
+        descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+
+    // Before setting field, builder is initialized by default value.
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    NestedMessage.Builder fieldBuilder =
+        (NestedMessage.Builder) builder.getFieldBuilder(fieldDescriptor);
+    assertEquals(0, fieldBuilder.getBb());
+
+    // Setting field value with new field builder instance.
+    builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    NestedMessage.Builder newFieldBuilder =
+        builder.getOptionalNestedMessageBuilder();
+    newFieldBuilder.setBb(2);
+    // Then get the field builder instance by getFieldBuilder().
+    fieldBuilder =
+        (NestedMessage.Builder) builder.getFieldBuilder(fieldDescriptor);
+    // It should contain new value.
+    assertEquals(2, fieldBuilder.getBb());
+    // These two builder should be equal.
+    assertSame(fieldBuilder, newFieldBuilder);
+  }
+
+  public void testGetFieldBuilderNotSupportedException() {
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      builder.getFieldBuilder(descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_int32"));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.getFieldBuilder(
+          descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_nested_enum"));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.getFieldBuilder(descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_int32"));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.getFieldBuilder(
+          descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_nested_enum"));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.getFieldBuilder(
+          descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_nested_message"));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/LazyStringArrayListTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/LazyStringArrayListTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9bc94eef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/LazyStringArrayListTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link LazyStringArrayList}.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class LazyStringArrayListTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static String STRING_A = "A";
+  private static String STRING_B = "B";
+  private static String STRING_C = "C";
+
+  private static ByteString BYTE_STRING_A = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("A");
+  private static ByteString BYTE_STRING_B = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("B");
+  private static ByteString BYTE_STRING_C = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("C");
+
+  public void testJustStrings() {
+    LazyStringArrayList list = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list.add(STRING_A);
+    list.add(STRING_B);
+    list.add(STRING_C);
+
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+    assertSame(STRING_A, list.get(0));
+    assertSame(STRING_B, list.get(1));
+    assertSame(STRING_C, list.get(2));
+
+    list.set(1, STRING_C);
+    assertSame(STRING_C, list.get(1));
+
+    list.remove(1);
+    assertSame(STRING_A, list.get(0));
+    assertSame(STRING_C, list.get(1));
+  }
+
+  public void testJustByteString() {
+    LazyStringArrayList list = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list.add(BYTE_STRING_A);
+    list.add(BYTE_STRING_B);
+    list.add(BYTE_STRING_C);
+
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_A, list.getByteString(0));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_B, list.getByteString(1));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_C, list.getByteString(2));
+
+    list.remove(1);
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_A, list.getByteString(0));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_C, list.getByteString(1));
+  }
+
+  public void testConversionBackAndForth() {
+    LazyStringArrayList list = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list.add(STRING_A);
+    list.add(BYTE_STRING_B);
+    list.add(BYTE_STRING_C);
+
+    // String a should be the same because it was originally a string
+    assertSame(STRING_A, list.get(0));
+
+    // String b and c should be different because the string has to be computed
+    // from the ByteString
+    String bPrime = list.get(1);
+    assertNotSame(STRING_B, bPrime);
+    assertEquals(STRING_B, bPrime);
+    String cPrime = list.get(2);
+    assertNotSame(STRING_C, cPrime);
+    assertEquals(STRING_C, cPrime);
+
+    // String c and c should stay the same once cached.
+    assertSame(bPrime, list.get(1));
+    assertSame(cPrime, list.get(2));
+
+    // ByteString needs to be computed from string for both a and b
+    ByteString aPrimeByteString = list.getByteString(0);
+    assertEquals(BYTE_STRING_A, aPrimeByteString);
+    ByteString bPrimeByteString = list.getByteString(1);
+    assertNotSame(BYTE_STRING_B, bPrimeByteString);
+    assertEquals(BYTE_STRING_B, list.getByteString(1));
+
+    // Once cached, ByteString should stay cached.
+    assertSame(aPrimeByteString, list.getByteString(0));
+    assertSame(bPrimeByteString, list.getByteString(1));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyConstructorCopiesByReference() {
+    LazyStringArrayList list1 = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list1.add(STRING_A);
+    list1.add(BYTE_STRING_B);
+    list1.add(BYTE_STRING_C);
+
+    LazyStringArrayList list2 = new LazyStringArrayList(list1);
+    assertEquals(3, list2.size());
+    assertSame(STRING_A, list2.get(0));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_B, list2.getByteString(1));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_C, list2.getByteString(2));
+  }
+
+  public void testListCopyConstructor() {
+    List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<String>();
+    list1.add(STRING_A);
+    list1.add(STRING_B);
+    list1.add(STRING_C);
+
+    LazyStringArrayList list2 = new LazyStringArrayList(list1);
+    assertEquals(3, list2.size());
+    assertSame(STRING_A, list2.get(0));
+    assertSame(STRING_B, list2.get(1));
+    assertSame(STRING_C, list2.get(2));
+  }
+
+  public void testAddAllCopiesByReferenceIfPossible() {
+    LazyStringArrayList list1 = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list1.add(STRING_A);
+    list1.add(BYTE_STRING_B);
+    list1.add(BYTE_STRING_C);
+
+    LazyStringArrayList list2 = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list2.addAll(list1);
+
+    assertEquals(3, list2.size());
+    assertSame(STRING_A, list2.get(0));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_B, list2.getByteString(1));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_C, list2.getByteString(2));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/LazyStringEndToEndTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/LazyStringEndToEndTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e21e03899
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/LazyStringEndToEndTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * Tests to make sure the lazy conversion of UTF8-encoded byte arrays to
+ * strings works correctly.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class LazyStringEndToEndTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static ByteString TEST_ALL_TYPES_SERIALIZED_WITH_ILLEGAL_UTF8 =
+      ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {
+          114, 4, -1, 0, -1, 0, -30, 2, 4, -1,
+          0, -1, 0, -30, 2, 4, -1, 0, -1, 0, });
+
+  private ByteString encodedTestAllTypes;
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    super.setUp();
+    this.encodedTestAllTypes = UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+        .setOptionalString("foo")
+        .addRepeatedString("bar")
+        .addRepeatedString("baz")
+        .build()
+        .toByteString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that an invalid UTF8 string will roundtrip through a parse
+   * and serialization.
+   */
+  public void testParseAndSerialize() throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    UnittestProto.TestAllTypes tV2 = UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.parseFrom(
+        TEST_ALL_TYPES_SERIALIZED_WITH_ILLEGAL_UTF8);
+    ByteString bytes = tV2.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(TEST_ALL_TYPES_SERIALIZED_WITH_ILLEGAL_UTF8, bytes);
+
+    tV2.getOptionalString();
+    bytes = tV2.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(TEST_ALL_TYPES_SERIALIZED_WITH_ILLEGAL_UTF8, bytes);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseAndWrite() throws IOException {
+    UnittestProto.TestAllTypes tV2 = UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.parseFrom(
+        TEST_ALL_TYPES_SERIALIZED_WITH_ILLEGAL_UTF8);
+    byte[] sink = new byte[TEST_ALL_TYPES_SERIALIZED_WITH_ILLEGAL_UTF8.size()];
+    CodedOutputStream outputStream = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(sink);
+    tV2.writeTo(outputStream);
+    outputStream.flush();
+    assertEquals(
+        TEST_ALL_TYPES_SERIALIZED_WITH_ILLEGAL_UTF8,
+        ByteString.copyFrom(sink));
+  }
+
+  public void testNoStringCachingIfOnlyBytesAccessed() throws Exception {
+    UnittestProto.TestAllTypes proto =
+        UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.parseFrom(encodedTestAllTypes);
+    ByteString optional = proto.getOptionalStringBytes();
+    assertSame(optional, proto.getOptionalStringBytes());
+    assertSame(optional, proto.toBuilder().getOptionalStringBytes());
+
+    ByteString repeated0 = proto.getRepeatedStringBytes(0);
+    ByteString repeated1 = proto.getRepeatedStringBytes(1);
+    assertSame(repeated0, proto.getRepeatedStringBytes(0));
+    assertSame(repeated1, proto.getRepeatedStringBytes(1));
+    assertSame(repeated0, proto.toBuilder().getRepeatedStringBytes(0));
+    assertSame(repeated1, proto.toBuilder().getRepeatedStringBytes(1));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/LiteralByteStringTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/LiteralByteStringTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5902ea33d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/LiteralByteStringTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+/**
+ * Test {@link LiteralByteString} by setting up a reference string in {@link #setUp()}.
+ * This class is designed to be extended for testing extensions of {@link LiteralByteString}
+ * such as {@link BoundedByteString}, see {@link BoundedByteStringTest}.
+ *
+ * @author carlanton@google.com (Carl Haverl)
+ */
+public class LiteralByteStringTest extends TestCase {
+  protected static final String UTF_8 = "UTF-8";
+
+  protected String classUnderTest;
+  protected byte[] referenceBytes;
+  protected ByteString stringUnderTest;
+  protected int expectedHashCode;
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    classUnderTest = "LiteralByteString";
+    referenceBytes = ByteStringTest.getTestBytes(1234, 11337766L);
+    stringUnderTest = ByteString.copyFrom(referenceBytes);
+    expectedHashCode = 331161852;
+  }
+
+  protected String getActualClassName(Object object) {
+    String actualClassName = object.getClass().getName();
+    actualClassName = actualClassName.substring(actualClassName.lastIndexOf('.') + 1);
+    return actualClassName;
+  }
+
+  public void testByteAt() {
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    for (int i = 0; stillEqual && i < referenceBytes.length; ++i) {
+      stillEqual = (referenceBytes[i] == stringUnderTest.byteAt(i));
+    }
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " must capture the right bytes", stillEqual);
+  }
+
+  public void testByteIterator() {
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    ByteString.ByteIterator iter = stringUnderTest.iterator();
+    for (int i = 0; stillEqual && i < referenceBytes.length; ++i) {
+      stillEqual = (iter.hasNext() && referenceBytes[i] == iter.nextByte());
+    }
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " must capture the right bytes", stillEqual);
+    assertFalse(classUnderTest + " must have exhausted the itertor", iter.hasNext());
+
+    try {
+      iter.nextByte();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testByteIterable() {
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    int j = 0;
+    for (byte quantum : stringUnderTest) {
+      stillEqual = (referenceBytes[j] == quantum);
+      ++j;
+    }
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " must capture the right bytes as Bytes", stillEqual);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " iterable character count", referenceBytes.length, j);
+  }
+
+  public void testSize() {
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " must have the expected size", referenceBytes.length,
+        stringUnderTest.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyTo_ByteArrayOffsetLength() {
+    int destinationOffset = 50;
+    int length = 100;
+    byte[] destination = new byte[destinationOffset + length];
+    int sourceOffset = 213;
+    stringUnderTest.copyTo(destination, sourceOffset, destinationOffset, length);
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    for (int i = 0; stillEqual && i < length; ++i) {
+      stillEqual = referenceBytes[i + sourceOffset] == destination[i + destinationOffset];
+    }
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + ".copyTo(4 arg) must give the expected bytes", stillEqual);
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyTo_ByteArrayOffsetLengthErrors() {
+    int destinationOffset = 50;
+    int length = 100;
+    byte[] destination = new byte[destinationOffset + length];
+
+    try {
+      // Copy one too many bytes
+      stringUnderTest.copyTo(destination, stringUnderTest.size() + 1 - length,
+          destinationOffset, length);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception when copying too many bytes of a "
+          + classUnderTest);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal negative sourceOffset
+      stringUnderTest.copyTo(destination, -1, destinationOffset, length);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception when given a negative sourceOffset in "
+          + classUnderTest);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal negative destinationOffset
+      stringUnderTest.copyTo(destination, 0, -1, length);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception when given a negative destinationOffset in "
+          + classUnderTest);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal negative size
+      stringUnderTest.copyTo(destination, 0, 0, -1);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception when given a negative size in "
+          + classUnderTest);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal too-large sourceOffset
+      stringUnderTest.copyTo(destination, 2 * stringUnderTest.size(), 0, length);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception when the destinationOffset is too large in "
+          + classUnderTest);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal too-large destinationOffset
+      stringUnderTest.copyTo(destination, 0, 2 * destination.length, length);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception when the destinationOffset is too large in "
+          + classUnderTest);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyTo_ByteBuffer() {
+    ByteBuffer myBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(referenceBytes.length);
+    stringUnderTest.copyTo(myBuffer);
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + ".copyTo(ByteBuffer) must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, myBuffer.array()));
+  }
+
+  public void testAsReadOnlyByteBuffer() {
+    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = stringUnderTest.asReadOnlyByteBuffer();
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = new byte[referenceBytes.length];
+    assertTrue(byteBuffer.remaining() == referenceBytes.length);
+    assertTrue(byteBuffer.isReadOnly());
+    byteBuffer.get(roundTripBytes);
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + ".asReadOnlyByteBuffer() must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, roundTripBytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testAsReadOnlyByteBufferList() {
+    List<ByteBuffer> byteBuffers = stringUnderTest.asReadOnlyByteBufferList();
+    int bytesSeen = 0;
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = new byte[referenceBytes.length];
+    for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : byteBuffers) {
+      int thisLength = byteBuffer.remaining();
+      assertTrue(byteBuffer.isReadOnly());
+      assertTrue(bytesSeen + thisLength <= referenceBytes.length);
+      byteBuffer.get(roundTripBytes, bytesSeen, thisLength);
+      bytesSeen += thisLength;
+    }
+    assertTrue(bytesSeen == referenceBytes.length);
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + ".asReadOnlyByteBufferTest() must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, roundTripBytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testToByteArray() {
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = stringUnderTest.toByteArray();
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + ".toByteArray() must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, roundTripBytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testWriteTo() throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    stringUnderTest.writeTo(bos);
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = bos.toByteArray();
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + ".writeTo() must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, roundTripBytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testWriteTo_mutating() throws IOException {
+    OutputStream os = new OutputStream() {
+      @Override
+      public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < len; ++x) {
+          b[off + x] = (byte) 0;
+        }
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void write(int b) {
+        // Purposefully left blank.
+      }
+    };
+
+    stringUnderTest.writeTo(os);
+    byte[] newBytes = stringUnderTest.toByteArray();
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + ".writeTo() must not grant access to underlying array",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, newBytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testNewOutput() throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    ByteString.Output output = ByteString.newOutput();
+    stringUnderTest.writeTo(output);
+    assertEquals("Output Size returns correct result",
+        output.size(), stringUnderTest.size());
+    output.writeTo(bos);
+    assertTrue("Output.writeTo() must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, bos.toByteArray()));
+
+    // write the output stream to itself! This should cause it to double
+    output.writeTo(output);
+    assertEquals("Writing an output stream to itself is successful",
+        stringUnderTest.concat(stringUnderTest), output.toByteString());
+
+    output.reset();
+    assertEquals("Output.reset() resets the output", 0, output.size());
+    assertEquals("Output.reset() resets the output",
+        ByteString.EMPTY, output.toByteString());
+
+  }
+
+  public void testHashCode() {
+    int hash = stringUnderTest.hashCode();
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " must have expected hashCode", expectedHashCode, hash);
+  }
+
+  public void testNewInput() throws IOException {
+    InputStream input = stringUnderTest.newInput();
+    assertEquals("InputStream.available() returns correct value",
+        stringUnderTest.size(), input.available());
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    for (byte referenceByte : referenceBytes) {
+      int expectedInt = (referenceByte & 0xFF);
+      stillEqual = (expectedInt == input.read());
+    }
+    assertEquals("InputStream.available() returns correct value",
+        0, input.available());
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " must give the same bytes from the InputStream", stillEqual);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " InputStream must now be exhausted", -1, input.read());
+  }
+
+  public void testNewInput_skip() throws IOException {
+    InputStream input = stringUnderTest.newInput();
+    int stringSize = stringUnderTest.size();
+    int nearEndIndex = stringSize * 2 / 3;
+    long skipped1 = input.skip(nearEndIndex);
+    assertEquals("InputStream.skip()", skipped1, nearEndIndex);
+    assertEquals("InputStream.available()",
+        stringSize - skipped1, input.available());
+    assertTrue("InputStream.mark() is available", input.markSupported());
+    input.mark(0);
+    assertEquals("InputStream.skip(), read()",
+        stringUnderTest.byteAt(nearEndIndex) & 0xFF, input.read());
+    assertEquals("InputStream.available()",
+                 stringSize - skipped1 - 1, input.available());
+    long skipped2 = input.skip(stringSize);
+    assertEquals("InputStream.skip() incomplete",
+        skipped2, stringSize - skipped1 - 1);
+    assertEquals("InputStream.skip(), no more input", 0, input.available());
+    assertEquals("InputStream.skip(), no more input", -1, input.read());
+    input.reset();
+    assertEquals("InputStream.reset() succeded",
+                 stringSize - skipped1, input.available());
+    assertEquals("InputStream.reset(), read()",
+        stringUnderTest.byteAt(nearEndIndex) & 0xFF, input.read());
+  }
+
+  public void testNewCodedInput() throws IOException {
+    CodedInputStream cis = stringUnderTest.newCodedInput();
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = cis.readRawBytes(referenceBytes.length);
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " must give the same bytes back from the CodedInputStream",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, roundTripBytes));
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " CodedInputStream must now be exhausted", cis.isAtEnd());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make sure we keep things simple when concatenating with empty. See also
+   * {@link ByteStringTest#testConcat_empty()}.
+   */
+  public void testConcat_empty() {
+    assertSame(classUnderTest + " concatenated with empty must give " + classUnderTest,
+        stringUnderTest.concat(ByteString.EMPTY), stringUnderTest);
+    assertSame("empty concatenated with " + classUnderTest + " must give " + classUnderTest,
+        ByteString.EMPTY.concat(stringUnderTest), stringUnderTest);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/MessageTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/MessageTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..629cabc0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/MessageTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequiredForeign;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessage;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Misc. unit tests for message operations that apply to both generated
+ * and dynamic messages.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class MessageTest extends TestCase {
+  // =================================================================
+  // Message-merging tests.
+
+  static final TestAllTypes MERGE_SOURCE =
+    TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+      .setOptionalInt32(1)
+      .setOptionalString("foo")
+      .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+      .addRepeatedString("bar")
+      .build();
+
+  static final TestAllTypes MERGE_DEST =
+    TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+      .setOptionalInt64(2)
+      .setOptionalString("baz")
+      .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(3).build())
+      .addRepeatedString("qux")
+      .build();
+
+  static final String MERGE_RESULT_TEXT =
+      "optional_int32: 1\n" +
+      "optional_int64: 2\n" +
+      "optional_string: \"foo\"\n" +
+      "optional_foreign_message {\n" +
+      "  c: 3\n" +
+      "}\n" +
+      "repeated_string: \"qux\"\n" +
+      "repeated_string: \"bar\"\n";
+
+  public void testMergeFrom() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes result =
+      TestAllTypes.newBuilder(MERGE_DEST)
+        .mergeFrom(MERGE_SOURCE).build();
+
+    assertEquals(MERGE_RESULT_TEXT, result.toString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test merging a DynamicMessage into a GeneratedMessage.  As long as they
+   * have the same descriptor, this should work, but it is an entirely different
+   * code path.
+   */
+  public void testMergeFromDynamic() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes result =
+      TestAllTypes.newBuilder(MERGE_DEST)
+        .mergeFrom(DynamicMessage.newBuilder(MERGE_SOURCE).build())
+        .build();
+
+    assertEquals(MERGE_RESULT_TEXT, result.toString());
+  }
+
+  /** Test merging two DynamicMessages. */
+  public void testDynamicMergeFrom() throws Exception {
+    DynamicMessage result =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(MERGE_DEST)
+        .mergeFrom(DynamicMessage.newBuilder(MERGE_SOURCE).build())
+        .build();
+
+    assertEquals(MERGE_RESULT_TEXT, result.toString());
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Required-field-related tests.
+
+  private static final TestRequired TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED =
+    TestRequired.getDefaultInstance();
+  private static final TestRequired TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED =
+    TestRequired.newBuilder().setA(1).setB(2).setC(3).build();
+
+  public void testRequired() throws Exception {
+    TestRequired.Builder builder = TestRequired.newBuilder();
+
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    builder.setA(1);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    builder.setB(1);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    builder.setC(1);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testRequiredForeign() throws Exception {
+    TestRequiredForeign.Builder builder = TestRequiredForeign.newBuilder();
+
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setOptionalMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setOptionalMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setRepeatedMessage(0, TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testRequiredExtension() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setExtension(TestRequired.single, TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setExtension(TestRequired.single, TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.addExtension(TestRequired.multi, TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setExtension(TestRequired.multi, 0, TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testRequiredDynamic() throws Exception {
+    Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor = TestRequired.getDescriptor();
+    DynamicMessage.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(descriptor);
+
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    builder.setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("a"), 1);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    builder.setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("b"), 1);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    builder.setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("c"), 1);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testRequiredDynamicForeign() throws Exception {
+    Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor = TestRequiredForeign.getDescriptor();
+    DynamicMessage.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(descriptor);
+
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_message"),
+                     TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_message"),
+                     TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.addRepeatedField(descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_message"),
+                             TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setRepeatedField(descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_message"), 0,
+                             TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testUninitializedException() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TestRequired.newBuilder().build();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (UninitializedMessageException e) {
+      assertEquals("Message missing required fields: a, b, c", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testBuildPartial() throws Exception {
+    // We're mostly testing that no exception is thrown.
+    TestRequired message = TestRequired.newBuilder().buildPartial();
+    assertFalse(message.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testNestedUninitializedException() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TestRequiredForeign.newBuilder()
+        .setOptionalMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+        .addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+        .addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+        .build();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (UninitializedMessageException e) {
+      assertEquals(
+        "Message missing required fields: " +
+        "optional_message.a, " +
+        "optional_message.b, " +
+        "optional_message.c, " +
+        "repeated_message[0].a, " +
+        "repeated_message[0].b, " +
+        "repeated_message[0].c, " +
+        "repeated_message[1].a, " +
+        "repeated_message[1].b, " +
+        "repeated_message[1].c",
+        e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testBuildNestedPartial() throws Exception {
+    // We're mostly testing that no exception is thrown.
+    TestRequiredForeign message =
+      TestRequiredForeign.newBuilder()
+        .setOptionalMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+        .addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+        .addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+        .buildPartial();
+    assertFalse(message.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseUnititialized() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TestRequired.parseFrom(ByteString.EMPTY);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      assertEquals("Message missing required fields: a, b, c", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseNestedUnititialized() throws Exception {
+    ByteString data =
+      TestRequiredForeign.newBuilder()
+        .setOptionalMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+        .addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+        .addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+        .buildPartial().toByteString();
+
+    try {
+      TestRequiredForeign.parseFrom(data);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      assertEquals(
+        "Message missing required fields: " +
+        "optional_message.a, " +
+        "optional_message.b, " +
+        "optional_message.c, " +
+        "repeated_message[0].a, " +
+        "repeated_message[0].b, " +
+        "repeated_message[0].c, " +
+        "repeated_message[1].a, " +
+        "repeated_message[1].b, " +
+        "repeated_message[1].c",
+        e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicUninitializedException() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestRequired.getDescriptor()).build();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (UninitializedMessageException e) {
+      assertEquals("Message missing required fields: a, b, c", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicBuildPartial() throws Exception {
+    // We're mostly testing that no exception is thrown.
+    DynamicMessage message =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestRequired.getDescriptor())
+        .buildPartial();
+    assertFalse(message.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicParseUnititialized() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor = TestRequired.getDescriptor();
+      DynamicMessage.parseFrom(descriptor, ByteString.EMPTY);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      assertEquals("Message missing required fields: a, b, c", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Test reading unset repeated message from DynamicMessage. */
+  public void testDynamicRepeatedMessageNull() throws Exception {
+    Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor = TestRequired.getDescriptor();
+    DynamicMessage result =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor())
+        .mergeFrom(DynamicMessage.newBuilder(MERGE_SOURCE).build())
+        .build();
+
+    assertTrue(result.getField(result.getDescriptorForType()
+        .findFieldByName("repeated_foreign_message")) instanceof List<?>);
+    assertEquals(result.getRepeatedFieldCount(result.getDescriptorForType()
+        .findFieldByName("repeated_foreign_message")), 0);
+  }
+
+  /** Test reading repeated message from DynamicMessage. */
+  public void testDynamicRepeatedMessageNotNull() throws Exception {
+
+    TestAllTypes REPEATED_NESTED =
+      TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+        .setOptionalInt32(1)
+        .setOptionalString("foo")
+        .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+        .addRepeatedString("bar")
+        .addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+        .addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+        .build();
+    Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor = TestRequired.getDescriptor();
+    DynamicMessage result =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor())
+        .mergeFrom(DynamicMessage.newBuilder(REPEATED_NESTED).build())
+        .build();
+
+    assertTrue(result.getField(result.getDescriptorForType()
+        .findFieldByName("repeated_foreign_message")) instanceof List<?>);
+    assertEquals(result.getRepeatedFieldCount(result.getDescriptorForType()
+        .findFieldByName("repeated_foreign_message")), 2);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/NestedBuildersTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/NestedBuildersTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68d70beca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/NestedBuildersTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.Vehicle;
+import protobuf_unittest.Wheel;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+/**
+ * Test cases that exercise end-to-end use cases involving
+ * {@link SingleFieldBuilder} and {@link RepeatedFieldBuilder}.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class NestedBuildersTest extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testMessagesAndBuilders() {
+    Vehicle.Builder vehicleBuilder = Vehicle.newBuilder();
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder()
+        .setRadius(4)
+        .setWidth(1);
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder()
+        .setRadius(4)
+        .setWidth(2);
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder()
+        .setRadius(4)
+        .setWidth(3);
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder()
+        .setRadius(4)
+        .setWidth(4);
+    vehicleBuilder.getEngineBuilder()
+        .setLiters(10);
+
+    Vehicle vehicle = vehicleBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals(4, vehicle.getWheelCount());
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      Wheel wheel = vehicle.getWheel(i);
+      assertEquals(4, wheel.getRadius());
+      assertEquals(i + 1, wheel.getWidth());
+    }
+    assertEquals(10, vehicle.getEngine().getLiters());
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      vehicleBuilder.getWheelBuilder(i)
+          .setRadius(5)
+          .setWidth(i + 10);
+    }
+    vehicleBuilder.getEngineBuilder().setLiters(20);
+
+    vehicle = vehicleBuilder.build();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      Wheel wheel = vehicle.getWheel(i);
+      assertEquals(5, wheel.getRadius());
+      assertEquals(i + 10, wheel.getWidth());
+    }
+    assertEquals(20, vehicle.getEngine().getLiters());
+    assertTrue(vehicle.hasEngine());
+  }
+
+  public void testMessagesAreCached() {
+    Vehicle.Builder vehicleBuilder = Vehicle.newBuilder();
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder()
+        .setRadius(1)
+        .setWidth(2);
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder()
+        .setRadius(3)
+        .setWidth(4);
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder()
+        .setRadius(5)
+        .setWidth(6);
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder()
+        .setRadius(7)
+        .setWidth(8);
+
+    // Make sure messages are cached.
+    List<Wheel> wheels = new ArrayList<Wheel>(vehicleBuilder.getWheelList());
+    for (int i = 0; i < wheels.size(); i++) {
+      assertSame(wheels.get(i), vehicleBuilder.getWheel(i));
+    }
+
+    // Now get builders and check they didn't change.
+    for (int i = 0; i < wheels.size(); i++) {
+      vehicleBuilder.getWheel(i);
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < wheels.size(); i++) {
+      assertSame(wheels.get(i), vehicleBuilder.getWheel(i));
+    }
+
+    // Change just one
+    vehicleBuilder.getWheelBuilder(3)
+        .setRadius(20).setWidth(20);
+
+    // Now get wheels and check that only that one changed
+    for (int i = 0; i < wheels.size(); i++) {
+      if (i < 3) {
+        assertSame(wheels.get(i), vehicleBuilder.getWheel(i));
+      } else {
+        assertNotSame(wheels.get(i), vehicleBuilder.getWheel(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove_WithNestedBuilders() {
+    Vehicle.Builder vehicleBuilder = Vehicle.newBuilder();
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder()
+        .setRadius(1)
+        .setWidth(1);
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder()
+        .setRadius(2)
+        .setWidth(2);
+    vehicleBuilder.removeWheel(0);
+
+    assertEquals(1, vehicleBuilder.getWheelCount());
+    assertEquals(2, vehicleBuilder.getWheel(0).getRadius());
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove_WithNestedMessages() {
+    Vehicle.Builder vehicleBuilder = Vehicle.newBuilder();
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheel(Wheel.newBuilder()
+        .setRadius(1)
+        .setWidth(1));
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheel(Wheel.newBuilder()
+        .setRadius(2)
+        .setWidth(2));
+    vehicleBuilder.removeWheel(0);
+
+    assertEquals(1, vehicleBuilder.getWheelCount());
+    assertEquals(2, vehicleBuilder.getWheel(0).getRadius());
+  }
+
+  public void testMerge() {
+    Vehicle vehicle1 = Vehicle.newBuilder()
+        .addWheel(Wheel.newBuilder().setRadius(1).build())
+        .addWheel(Wheel.newBuilder().setRadius(2).build())
+        .build();
+
+    Vehicle vehicle2 = Vehicle.newBuilder()
+        .mergeFrom(vehicle1)
+        .build();
+    // List should be the same -- no allocation
+    assertSame(vehicle1.getWheelList(), vehicle2.getWheelList());
+
+    Vehicle vehicle3 = vehicle1.toBuilder().build();
+    assertSame(vehicle1.getWheelList(), vehicle3.getWheelList());
+  }
+
+  public void testGettingBuilderMarksFieldAsHaving() {
+    Vehicle.Builder vehicleBuilder = Vehicle.newBuilder();
+    vehicleBuilder.getEngineBuilder();
+    Vehicle vehicle = vehicleBuilder.buildPartial();
+    assertTrue(vehicle.hasEngine());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/ParserTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/ParserTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b35af689c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/ParserTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestOptimizeFor.TestOptimizedForSize;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestOptimizeFor.TestRequiredOptimizedForSize;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestOptimizeFor;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestParsingMerge;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link Parser}.
+ *
+ * @author liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+ */
+public class ParserTest extends TestCase {
+  public void testGeneratedMessageParserSingleton() throws Exception {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      assertEquals(TestAllTypes.PARSER,
+                   TestUtil.getAllSet().getParserForType());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertRoundTripEquals(MessageLite message,
+                                     ExtensionRegistryLite registry)
+      throws Exception {
+    final byte[] data = message.toByteArray();
+    final int offset = 20;
+    final int length = data.length;
+    final int padding = 30;
+    Parser<? extends MessageLite> parser = message.getParserForType();
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(data, registry));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(
+        generatePaddingArray(data, offset, padding),
+        offset, length, registry));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(
+        message.toByteString(), registry));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(
+        new ByteArrayInputStream(data), registry));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(
+        CodedInputStream.newInstance(data), registry));
+  }
+
+  private void assertRoundTripEquals(MessageLite message) throws Exception {
+    final byte[] data = message.toByteArray();
+    final int offset = 20;
+    final int length = data.length;
+    final int padding = 30;
+    Parser<? extends MessageLite> parser = message.getParserForType();
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(data));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(
+        generatePaddingArray(data, offset, padding),
+        offset, length));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(message.toByteString()));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(
+        new ByteArrayInputStream(data)));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(
+        CodedInputStream.newInstance(data)));
+  }
+
+  private void assertMessageEquals(MessageLite expected, MessageLite actual)
+      throws Exception {
+    if (expected instanceof Message) {
+      assertEquals(expected, actual);
+    } else {
+      assertEquals(expected.toByteString(), actual.toByteString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private byte[] generatePaddingArray(byte[] data, int offset, int padding) {
+    byte[] result = new byte[offset + data.length + padding];
+    System.arraycopy(data, 0, result, offset, data.length);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public void testNormalMessage() throws Exception {
+    assertRoundTripEquals(TestUtil.getAllSet());
+  }
+
+  public void testParsePartial() throws Exception {
+    Parser<TestRequired> parser = TestRequired.PARSER;
+    final String errorString =
+        "Should throw exceptions when the parsed message isn't initialized.";
+
+    // TestRequired.b and TestRequired.c are not set.
+    TestRequired partialMessage = TestRequired.newBuilder()
+        .setA(1).buildPartial();
+
+    // parsePartialFrom should pass.
+    byte[] data = partialMessage.toByteArray();
+    assertEquals(partialMessage, parser.parsePartialFrom(data));
+    assertEquals(partialMessage, parser.parsePartialFrom(
+        partialMessage.toByteString()));
+    assertEquals(partialMessage, parser.parsePartialFrom(
+        new ByteArrayInputStream(data)));
+    assertEquals(partialMessage, parser.parsePartialFrom(
+        CodedInputStream.newInstance(data)));
+
+    // parseFrom(ByteArray)
+    try {
+      parser.parseFrom(partialMessage.toByteArray());
+      fail(errorString);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // pass.
+    }
+
+    // parseFrom(ByteString)
+    try {
+      parser.parseFrom(partialMessage.toByteString());
+      fail(errorString);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // pass.
+    }
+
+    // parseFrom(InputStream)
+    try {
+      parser.parseFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(partialMessage.toByteArray()));
+      fail(errorString);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // pass.
+    }
+
+    // parseFrom(CodedInputStream)
+    try {
+      parser.parseFrom(CodedInputStream.newInstance(
+          partialMessage.toByteArray()));
+      fail(errorString);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // pass.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseDelimitedTo() throws Exception {
+    // Write normal Message.
+    TestAllTypes normalMessage = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    normalMessage.writeDelimitedTo(output);
+
+    InputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(output.toByteArray());
+    assertMessageEquals(
+        normalMessage,
+        normalMessage.getParserForType().parseDelimitedFrom(input));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseUnknownFields() throws Exception {
+    // All fields will be treated as unknown fields in emptyMessage.
+    TestEmptyMessage emptyMessage = TestEmptyMessage.PARSER.parseFrom(
+        TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteString());
+    assertEquals(
+        TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteString(),
+        emptyMessage.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testOptimizeForSize() throws Exception {
+    TestOptimizedForSize.Builder builder = TestOptimizedForSize.newBuilder();
+    builder.setI(12).setMsg(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(34).build());
+    builder.setExtension(TestOptimizedForSize.testExtension, 56);
+    builder.setExtension(TestOptimizedForSize.testExtension2,
+        TestRequiredOptimizedForSize.newBuilder().setX(78).build());
+
+    TestOptimizedForSize message = builder.build();
+    ExtensionRegistry registry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    UnittestOptimizeFor.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message, registry);
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method for {@link #testParsingMerge()}.*/
+  private void assertMessageMerged(TestAllTypes allTypes)
+      throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(3, allTypes.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(2, allTypes.getOptionalInt64());
+    assertEquals("hello", allTypes.getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParsingMerge() throws Exception {
+    // Build messages.
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestAllTypes msg1 = builder.setOptionalInt32(1).build();
+    builder.clear();
+    TestAllTypes msg2 = builder.setOptionalInt64(2).build();
+    builder.clear();
+    TestAllTypes msg3 = builder.setOptionalInt32(3)
+        .setOptionalString("hello").build();
+
+    // Build groups.
+    TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1 optionalG1 =
+        TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1.newBuilder()
+        .setField1(msg1).build();
+    TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1 optionalG2 =
+        TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1.newBuilder()
+        .setField1(msg2).build();
+    TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1 optionalG3 =
+        TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1.newBuilder()
+        .setField1(msg3).build();
+    TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2 repeatedG1 =
+        TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2.newBuilder()
+        .setField1(msg1).build();
+    TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2 repeatedG2 =
+        TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2.newBuilder()
+        .setField1(msg2).build();
+    TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2 repeatedG3 =
+        TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2.newBuilder()
+        .setField1(msg3).build();
+
+    // Assign and serialize RepeatedFieldsGenerator.
+    ByteString data = TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.newBuilder()
+        .addField1(msg1).addField1(msg2).addField1(msg3)
+        .addField2(msg1).addField2(msg2).addField2(msg3)
+        .addField3(msg1).addField3(msg2).addField3(msg3)
+        .addGroup1(optionalG1).addGroup1(optionalG2).addGroup1(optionalG3)
+        .addGroup2(repeatedG1).addGroup2(repeatedG2).addGroup2(repeatedG3)
+        .addExt1(msg1).addExt1(msg2).addExt1(msg3)
+        .addExt2(msg1).addExt2(msg2).addExt2(msg3)
+        .build().toByteString();
+
+    // Parse TestParsingMerge.
+    ExtensionRegistry registry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    UnittestProto.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+    TestParsingMerge parsingMerge =
+        TestParsingMerge.PARSER.parseFrom(data, registry);
+
+    // Required and optional fields should be merged.
+    assertMessageMerged(parsingMerge.getRequiredAllTypes());
+    assertMessageMerged(parsingMerge.getOptionalAllTypes());
+    assertMessageMerged(
+        parsingMerge.getOptionalGroup().getOptionalGroupAllTypes());
+    assertMessageMerged(parsingMerge.getExtension(
+        TestParsingMerge.optionalExt));
+
+    // Repeated fields should not be merged.
+    assertEquals(3, parsingMerge.getRepeatedAllTypesCount());
+    assertEquals(3, parsingMerge.getRepeatedGroupCount());
+    assertEquals(3, parsingMerge.getExtensionCount(
+        TestParsingMerge.repeatedExt));
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/RopeByteStringSubstringTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/RopeByteStringSubstringTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c122385ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/RopeByteStringSubstringTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+/**
+ * This class tests {@link RopeByteString#substring(int, int)} by inheriting the tests from
+ * {@link LiteralByteStringTest}.  Only a couple of methods are overridden.
+ *
+ * @author carlanton@google.com (Carl Haverl)
+ */
+public class RopeByteStringSubstringTest extends LiteralByteStringTest {
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    classUnderTest = "RopeByteString";
+    byte[] sourceBytes = ByteStringTest.getTestBytes(22341, 22337766L);
+    Iterator<ByteString> iter = ByteStringTest.makeConcretePieces(sourceBytes).iterator();
+    ByteString sourceString = iter.next();
+    while (iter.hasNext()) {
+      sourceString = sourceString.concat(iter.next());
+    }
+
+    int from = 1130;
+    int to = sourceBytes.length - 5555;
+    stringUnderTest = sourceString.substring(from, to);
+    referenceBytes = new byte[to - from];
+    System.arraycopy(sourceBytes, from, referenceBytes, 0, to - from);
+    expectedHashCode = -1259260680;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/RopeByteStringTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/RopeByteStringTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19098de66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/RopeByteStringTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+/**
+ * This class tests {@link RopeByteString} by inheriting the tests from
+ * {@link LiteralByteStringTest}.  Only a couple of methods are overridden.
+ *
+ * <p>A full test of the result of {@link RopeByteString#substring(int, int)} is found in the
+ * separate class {@link RopeByteStringSubstringTest}.
+ *
+ * @author carlanton@google.com (Carl Haverl)
+ */
+public class RopeByteStringTest extends LiteralByteStringTest {
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    classUnderTest = "RopeByteString";
+    referenceBytes = ByteStringTest.getTestBytes(22341, 22337766L);
+    Iterator<ByteString> iter = ByteStringTest.makeConcretePieces(referenceBytes).iterator();
+    stringUnderTest = iter.next();
+    while (iter.hasNext()) {
+      stringUnderTest = stringUnderTest.concat(iter.next());
+    }
+    expectedHashCode = -1214197238;
+  }
+
+  public void testBalance() {
+    int numberOfPieces = 10000;
+    int pieceSize = 64;
+    byte[] testBytes = ByteStringTest.getTestBytes(numberOfPieces * pieceSize, 113377L);
+
+    // Build up a big ByteString from smaller pieces to force a rebalance
+    ByteString concatenated = ByteString.EMPTY;
+    for (int i = 0; i < numberOfPieces; ++i) {
+      concatenated = concatenated.concat(ByteString.copyFrom(testBytes, i * pieceSize, pieceSize));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " from string must have the expected type",
+        classUnderTest, getActualClassName(concatenated));
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " underlying bytes must match after balancing",
+        Arrays.equals(testBytes, concatenated.toByteArray()));
+    ByteString testString = ByteString.copyFrom(testBytes);
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " balanced string must equal flat string",
+        concatenated.equals(testString));
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " flat string must equal balanced string",
+        testString.equals(concatenated));
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " balanced string must have same hash code as flat string",
+        testString.hashCode(), concatenated.hashCode());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/ServiceTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/ServiceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c7f751c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/ServiceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.MethodDescriptor;
+import google.protobuf.no_generic_services_test.UnittestNoGenericServices;
+import protobuf_unittest.MessageWithNoOuter;
+import protobuf_unittest.ServiceWithNoOuter;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestService;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.FooRequest;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.FooResponse;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.BarRequest;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.BarResponse;
+
+import org.easymock.classextension.EasyMock;
+import org.easymock.classextension.IMocksControl;
+import org.easymock.IArgumentMatcher;
+
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests services and stubs.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class ServiceTest extends TestCase {
+  private IMocksControl control;
+  private RpcController mockController;
+
+  private final Descriptors.MethodDescriptor fooDescriptor =
+    TestService.getDescriptor().getMethods().get(0);
+  private final Descriptors.MethodDescriptor barDescriptor =
+    TestService.getDescriptor().getMethods().get(1);
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    super.setUp();
+    control = EasyMock.createStrictControl();
+    mockController = control.createMock(RpcController.class);
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** Tests Service.callMethod(). */
+  public void testCallMethod() throws Exception {
+    FooRequest fooRequest = FooRequest.newBuilder().build();
+    BarRequest barRequest = BarRequest.newBuilder().build();
+    MockCallback<Message> fooCallback = new MockCallback<Message>();
+    MockCallback<Message> barCallback = new MockCallback<Message>();
+    TestService mockService = control.createMock(TestService.class);
+
+    mockService.foo(EasyMock.same(mockController), EasyMock.same(fooRequest),
+                    this.<FooResponse>wrapsCallback(fooCallback));
+    mockService.bar(EasyMock.same(mockController), EasyMock.same(barRequest),
+                    this.<BarResponse>wrapsCallback(barCallback));
+    control.replay();
+
+    mockService.callMethod(fooDescriptor, mockController,
+                           fooRequest, fooCallback);
+    mockService.callMethod(barDescriptor, mockController,
+                           barRequest, barCallback);
+    control.verify();
+  }
+
+  /** Tests Service.get{Request,Response}Prototype(). */
+  public void testGetPrototype() throws Exception {
+    TestService mockService = control.createMock(TestService.class);
+
+    assertSame(mockService.getRequestPrototype(fooDescriptor),
+               FooRequest.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertSame(mockService.getResponsePrototype(fooDescriptor),
+               FooResponse.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertSame(mockService.getRequestPrototype(barDescriptor),
+               BarRequest.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertSame(mockService.getResponsePrototype(barDescriptor),
+               BarResponse.getDefaultInstance());
+  }
+
+  /** Tests generated stubs. */
+  public void testStub() throws Exception {
+    FooRequest fooRequest = FooRequest.newBuilder().build();
+    BarRequest barRequest = BarRequest.newBuilder().build();
+    MockCallback<FooResponse> fooCallback = new MockCallback<FooResponse>();
+    MockCallback<BarResponse> barCallback = new MockCallback<BarResponse>();
+    RpcChannel mockChannel = control.createMock(RpcChannel.class);
+    TestService stub = TestService.newStub(mockChannel);
+
+    mockChannel.callMethod(
+      EasyMock.same(fooDescriptor),
+      EasyMock.same(mockController),
+      EasyMock.same(fooRequest),
+      EasyMock.same(FooResponse.getDefaultInstance()),
+      this.<Message>wrapsCallback(fooCallback));
+    mockChannel.callMethod(
+      EasyMock.same(barDescriptor),
+      EasyMock.same(mockController),
+      EasyMock.same(barRequest),
+      EasyMock.same(BarResponse.getDefaultInstance()),
+      this.<Message>wrapsCallback(barCallback));
+    control.replay();
+
+    stub.foo(mockController, fooRequest, fooCallback);
+    stub.bar(mockController, barRequest, barCallback);
+    control.verify();
+  }
+
+  /** Tests generated blocking stubs. */
+  public void testBlockingStub() throws Exception {
+    FooRequest fooRequest = FooRequest.newBuilder().build();
+    BarRequest barRequest = BarRequest.newBuilder().build();
+    BlockingRpcChannel mockChannel =
+        control.createMock(BlockingRpcChannel.class);
+    TestService.BlockingInterface stub =
+        TestService.newBlockingStub(mockChannel);
+
+    FooResponse fooResponse = FooResponse.newBuilder().build();
+    BarResponse barResponse = BarResponse.newBuilder().build();
+
+    EasyMock.expect(mockChannel.callBlockingMethod(
+      EasyMock.same(fooDescriptor),
+      EasyMock.same(mockController),
+      EasyMock.same(fooRequest),
+      EasyMock.same(FooResponse.getDefaultInstance()))).andReturn(fooResponse);
+    EasyMock.expect(mockChannel.callBlockingMethod(
+      EasyMock.same(barDescriptor),
+      EasyMock.same(mockController),
+      EasyMock.same(barRequest),
+      EasyMock.same(BarResponse.getDefaultInstance()))).andReturn(barResponse);
+    control.replay();
+
+    assertSame(fooResponse, stub.foo(mockController, fooRequest));
+    assertSame(barResponse, stub.bar(mockController, barRequest));
+    control.verify();
+  }
+
+  public void testNewReflectiveService() {
+    ServiceWithNoOuter.Interface impl =
+        control.createMock(ServiceWithNoOuter.Interface.class);
+    RpcController controller = control.createMock(RpcController.class);
+    Service service = ServiceWithNoOuter.newReflectiveService(impl);
+
+    MethodDescriptor fooMethod =
+        ServiceWithNoOuter.getDescriptor().findMethodByName("Foo");
+    MessageWithNoOuter request = MessageWithNoOuter.getDefaultInstance();
+    RpcCallback<Message> callback = new RpcCallback<Message>() {
+      public void run(Message parameter) {
+        // No reason this should be run.
+        fail();
+      }
+    };
+    RpcCallback<TestAllTypes> specializedCallback =
+        RpcUtil.specializeCallback(callback);
+
+    impl.foo(EasyMock.same(controller), EasyMock.same(request),
+        EasyMock.same(specializedCallback));
+    EasyMock.expectLastCall();
+
+    control.replay();
+
+    service.callMethod(fooMethod, controller, request, callback);
+
+    control.verify();
+  }
+
+  public void testNewReflectiveBlockingService() throws ServiceException {
+    ServiceWithNoOuter.BlockingInterface impl =
+        control.createMock(ServiceWithNoOuter.BlockingInterface.class);
+    RpcController controller = control.createMock(RpcController.class);
+    BlockingService service =
+        ServiceWithNoOuter.newReflectiveBlockingService(impl);
+
+    MethodDescriptor fooMethod =
+        ServiceWithNoOuter.getDescriptor().findMethodByName("Foo");
+    MessageWithNoOuter request = MessageWithNoOuter.getDefaultInstance();
+
+    TestAllTypes expectedResponse = TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance();
+    EasyMock.expect(impl.foo(EasyMock.same(controller), EasyMock.same(request)))
+        .andReturn(expectedResponse);
+
+    control.replay();
+
+    Message response =
+        service.callBlockingMethod(fooMethod, controller, request);
+    assertEquals(expectedResponse, response);
+
+    control.verify();
+  }
+
+  public void testNoGenericServices() throws Exception {
+    // Non-services should be usable.
+    UnittestNoGenericServices.TestMessage message =
+      UnittestNoGenericServices.TestMessage.newBuilder()
+        .setA(123)
+        .setExtension(UnittestNoGenericServices.testExtension, 456)
+        .build();
+    assertEquals(123, message.getA());
+    assertEquals(1, UnittestNoGenericServices.TestEnum.FOO.getNumber());
+
+    // Build a list of the class names nested in UnittestNoGenericServices.
+    String outerName = "google.protobuf.no_generic_services_test." +
+                       "UnittestNoGenericServices";
+    Class<?> outerClass = Class.forName(outerName);
+
+    Set<String> innerClassNames = new HashSet<String>();
+    for (Class<?> innerClass : outerClass.getClasses()) {
+      String fullName = innerClass.getName();
+      // Figure out the unqualified name of the inner class.
+      // Note:  Surprisingly, the full name of an inner class will be separated
+      //   from the outer class name by a '$' rather than a '.'.  This is not
+      //   mentioned in the documentation for java.lang.Class.  I don't want to
+      //   make assumptions, so I'm just going to accept any character as the
+      //   separator.
+      assertTrue(fullName.startsWith(outerName));
+
+      if (!Service.class.isAssignableFrom(innerClass) &&
+          !Message.class.isAssignableFrom(innerClass) &&
+          !ProtocolMessageEnum.class.isAssignableFrom(innerClass)) {
+        // Ignore any classes not generated by the base code generator.
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      innerClassNames.add(fullName.substring(outerName.length() + 1));
+    }
+
+    // No service class should have been generated.
+    assertTrue(innerClassNames.contains("TestMessage"));
+    assertTrue(innerClassNames.contains("TestEnum"));
+    assertFalse(innerClassNames.contains("TestService"));
+
+    // But descriptors are there.
+    FileDescriptor file = UnittestNoGenericServices.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(1, file.getServices().size());
+    assertEquals("TestService", file.getServices().get(0).getName());
+    assertEquals(1, file.getServices().get(0).getMethods().size());
+    assertEquals("Foo",
+        file.getServices().get(0).getMethods().get(0).getName());
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * wrapsCallback() is an EasyMock argument predicate.  wrapsCallback(c)
+   * matches a callback if calling that callback causes c to be called.
+   * In other words, c wraps the given callback.
+   */
+  private <Type extends Message> RpcCallback<Type> wrapsCallback(
+      MockCallback<?> callback) {
+    EasyMock.reportMatcher(new WrapsCallback(callback));
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /** The parameter to wrapsCallback() must be a MockCallback. */
+  private static class MockCallback<Type extends Message>
+      implements RpcCallback<Type> {
+    private boolean called = false;
+
+    public boolean isCalled() { return called; }
+
+    public void reset() { called = false; }
+    public void run(Type message) { called = true; }
+  }
+
+  /** Implementation of the wrapsCallback() argument matcher. */
+  private static class WrapsCallback implements IArgumentMatcher {
+    private MockCallback<?> callback;
+
+    public WrapsCallback(MockCallback<?> callback) {
+      this.callback = callback;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public boolean matches(Object actual) {
+      if (!(actual instanceof RpcCallback)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      RpcCallback actualCallback = (RpcCallback)actual;
+
+      callback.reset();
+      actualCallback.run(null);
+      return callback.isCalled();
+    }
+
+    public void appendTo(StringBuffer buffer) {
+      buffer.append("wrapsCallback(mockCallback)");
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/TestBadIdentifiers.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/TestBadIdentifiers.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..508673229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/TestBadIdentifiers.java
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests that proto2 api generation doesn't cause compile errors when
+ * compiling protocol buffers that have names that would otherwise conflict
+ * if not fully qualified (like @Deprecated and @Override).
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class TestBadIdentifiers extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testCompilation() {
+    // If this compiles, it means the generation was correct.
+    TestBadIdentifiersProto.Deprecated.newBuilder();
+    TestBadIdentifiersProto.Override.newBuilder();
+  }
+
+  public void testGetDescriptor() {
+    Descriptors.FileDescriptor fileDescriptor =
+        TestBadIdentifiersProto.getDescriptor();
+    String descriptorField = TestBadIdentifiersProto.Descriptor
+        .getDefaultInstance().getDescriptor();
+    Descriptors.Descriptor protoDescriptor = TestBadIdentifiersProto.Descriptor
+        .getDefaultInstance().getDescriptorForType();
+    String nestedDescriptorField = TestBadIdentifiersProto.Descriptor
+        .NestedDescriptor.getDefaultInstance().getDescriptor();
+    Descriptors.Descriptor nestedProtoDescriptor = TestBadIdentifiersProto
+        .Descriptor.NestedDescriptor.getDefaultInstance()
+        .getDescriptorForType();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/TestUtil.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/TestUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a92348303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/TestUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,3068 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+
+// The static imports are to avoid 100+ char lines.  The following is roughly equivalent to
+// import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.*;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultInt32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultInt64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultUint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultUint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultSint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultSint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultFixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultFixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultSfixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultSfixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultFloatExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultDoubleExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultBoolExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultStringExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultBytesExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultNestedEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultForeignEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultImportEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultStringPieceExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultCordExtension;
+
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalInt64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalUint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalUint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalSint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalSint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalFixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalFixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalSfixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalSfixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalFloatExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalDoubleExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalBoolExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalStringExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalBytesExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalGroupExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalCordExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalForeignEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalForeignMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalImportEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalImportMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalNestedEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalPublicImportMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalLazyMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalStringPieceExtension;
+
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedInt64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedUint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedUint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedSint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedSint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedFixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedFixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedSfixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedSfixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedFloatExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedDoubleExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedBoolExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedStringExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedBytesExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedGroupExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedForeignMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedImportMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedLazyMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedNestedEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedForeignEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedImportEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedStringPieceExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedCordExtension;
+
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.OptionalGroup_extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.RepeatedGroup_extension;
+
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedInt32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedInt64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedUint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedUint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedSint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedSint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedFixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedFixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedSfixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedSfixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedFloatExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedDoubleExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedBoolExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedEnumExtension;
+
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensionsOrBuilder;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypesOrBuilder;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestUnpackedTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.test.UnittestImport.ImportEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.test.UnittestImport.ImportMessage;
+import com.google.protobuf.test.UnittestImportPublic.PublicImportMessage;
+
+import junit.framework.Assert;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
+
+/**
+ * Contains methods for setting all fields of {@code TestAllTypes} to
+ * some values as well as checking that all the fields are set to those values.
+ * These are useful for testing various protocol message features, e.g.
+ * set all fields of a message, serialize it, parse it, and check that all
+ * fields are set.
+ *
+ * <p>This code is not to be used outside of {@code com.google.protobuf} and
+ * subpackages.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public final class TestUtil {
+  private TestUtil() {}
+
+  /** Helper to convert a String to ByteString. */
+  static ByteString toBytes(String str) {
+    try {
+      return ByteString.copyFrom(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));
+    } catch(java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("UTF-8 not supported.", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a {@code TestAllTypes} with all fields set as they would be by
+   * {@link #setAllFields(TestAllTypes.Builder)}.
+   */
+  public static TestAllTypes getAllSet() {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    setAllFields(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a {@code TestAllTypes.Builder} with all fields set as they would be by
+   * {@link #setAllFields(TestAllTypes.Builder)}.
+   */
+  public static TestAllTypes.Builder getAllSetBuilder() {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    setAllFields(builder);
+    return builder;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a {@code TestAllExtensions} with all fields set as they would be by
+   * {@link #setAllExtensions(TestAllExtensions.Builder)}.
+   */
+  public static TestAllExtensions getAllExtensionsSet() {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    setAllExtensions(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  public static TestPackedTypes getPackedSet() {
+    TestPackedTypes.Builder builder = TestPackedTypes.newBuilder();
+    setPackedFields(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  public static TestUnpackedTypes getUnpackedSet() {
+    TestUnpackedTypes.Builder builder = TestUnpackedTypes.newBuilder();
+    setUnpackedFields(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  public static TestPackedExtensions getPackedExtensionsSet() {
+    TestPackedExtensions.Builder builder = TestPackedExtensions.newBuilder();
+    setPackedExtensions(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set every field of {@code message} to the values expected by
+   * {@code assertAllFieldsSet()}.
+   */
+  public static void setAllFields(TestAllTypes.Builder message) {
+    message.setOptionalInt32   (101);
+    message.setOptionalInt64   (102);
+    message.setOptionalUint32  (103);
+    message.setOptionalUint64  (104);
+    message.setOptionalSint32  (105);
+    message.setOptionalSint64  (106);
+    message.setOptionalFixed32 (107);
+    message.setOptionalFixed64 (108);
+    message.setOptionalSfixed32(109);
+    message.setOptionalSfixed64(110);
+    message.setOptionalFloat   (111);
+    message.setOptionalDouble  (112);
+    message.setOptionalBool    (true);
+    message.setOptionalString  ("115");
+    message.setOptionalBytes   (toBytes("116"));
+
+    message.setOptionalGroup(
+      TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup.newBuilder().setA(117).build());
+    message.setOptionalNestedMessage(
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(118).build());
+    message.setOptionalForeignMessage(
+      ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(119).build());
+    message.setOptionalImportMessage(
+      ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(120).build());
+    message.setOptionalPublicImportMessage(
+      PublicImportMessage.newBuilder().setE(126).build());
+    message.setOptionalLazyMessage(
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(127).build());
+
+    message.setOptionalNestedEnum (TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    message.setOptionalForeignEnum(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ);
+    message.setOptionalImportEnum (ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ);
+
+    message.setOptionalStringPiece("124");
+    message.setOptionalCord("125");
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    message.addRepeatedInt32   (201);
+    message.addRepeatedInt64   (202);
+    message.addRepeatedUint32  (203);
+    message.addRepeatedUint64  (204);
+    message.addRepeatedSint32  (205);
+    message.addRepeatedSint64  (206);
+    message.addRepeatedFixed32 (207);
+    message.addRepeatedFixed64 (208);
+    message.addRepeatedSfixed32(209);
+    message.addRepeatedSfixed64(210);
+    message.addRepeatedFloat   (211);
+    message.addRepeatedDouble  (212);
+    message.addRepeatedBool    (true);
+    message.addRepeatedString  ("215");
+    message.addRepeatedBytes   (toBytes("216"));
+
+    message.addRepeatedGroup(
+      TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup.newBuilder().setA(217).build());
+    message.addRepeatedNestedMessage(
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(218).build());
+    message.addRepeatedForeignMessage(
+      ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(219).build());
+    message.addRepeatedImportMessage(
+      ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(220).build());
+    message.addRepeatedLazyMessage(
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(227).build());
+
+    message.addRepeatedNestedEnum (TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR);
+    message.addRepeatedForeignEnum(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR);
+    message.addRepeatedImportEnum (ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR);
+
+    message.addRepeatedStringPiece("224");
+    message.addRepeatedCord("225");
+
+    // Add a second one of each field.
+    message.addRepeatedInt32   (301);
+    message.addRepeatedInt64   (302);
+    message.addRepeatedUint32  (303);
+    message.addRepeatedUint64  (304);
+    message.addRepeatedSint32  (305);
+    message.addRepeatedSint64  (306);
+    message.addRepeatedFixed32 (307);
+    message.addRepeatedFixed64 (308);
+    message.addRepeatedSfixed32(309);
+    message.addRepeatedSfixed64(310);
+    message.addRepeatedFloat   (311);
+    message.addRepeatedDouble  (312);
+    message.addRepeatedBool    (false);
+    message.addRepeatedString  ("315");
+    message.addRepeatedBytes   (toBytes("316"));
+
+    message.addRepeatedGroup(
+      TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup.newBuilder().setA(317).build());
+    message.addRepeatedNestedMessage(
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(318).build());
+    message.addRepeatedForeignMessage(
+      ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(319).build());
+    message.addRepeatedImportMessage(
+      ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(320).build());
+    message.addRepeatedLazyMessage(
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(327).build());
+
+    message.addRepeatedNestedEnum (TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    message.addRepeatedForeignEnum(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ);
+    message.addRepeatedImportEnum (ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ);
+
+    message.addRepeatedStringPiece("324");
+    message.addRepeatedCord("325");
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    message.setDefaultInt32   (401);
+    message.setDefaultInt64   (402);
+    message.setDefaultUint32  (403);
+    message.setDefaultUint64  (404);
+    message.setDefaultSint32  (405);
+    message.setDefaultSint64  (406);
+    message.setDefaultFixed32 (407);
+    message.setDefaultFixed64 (408);
+    message.setDefaultSfixed32(409);
+    message.setDefaultSfixed64(410);
+    message.setDefaultFloat   (411);
+    message.setDefaultDouble  (412);
+    message.setDefaultBool    (false);
+    message.setDefaultString  ("415");
+    message.setDefaultBytes   (toBytes("416"));
+
+    message.setDefaultNestedEnum (TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    message.setDefaultForeignEnum(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+    message.setDefaultImportEnum (ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO);
+
+    message.setDefaultStringPiece("424");
+    message.setDefaultCord("425");
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Modify the repeated fields of {@code message} to contain the values
+   * expected by {@code assertRepeatedFieldsModified()}.
+   */
+  public static void modifyRepeatedFields(TestAllTypes.Builder message) {
+    message.setRepeatedInt32   (1, 501);
+    message.setRepeatedInt64   (1, 502);
+    message.setRepeatedUint32  (1, 503);
+    message.setRepeatedUint64  (1, 504);
+    message.setRepeatedSint32  (1, 505);
+    message.setRepeatedSint64  (1, 506);
+    message.setRepeatedFixed32 (1, 507);
+    message.setRepeatedFixed64 (1, 508);
+    message.setRepeatedSfixed32(1, 509);
+    message.setRepeatedSfixed64(1, 510);
+    message.setRepeatedFloat   (1, 511);
+    message.setRepeatedDouble  (1, 512);
+    message.setRepeatedBool    (1, true);
+    message.setRepeatedString  (1, "515");
+    message.setRepeatedBytes   (1, toBytes("516"));
+
+    message.setRepeatedGroup(1,
+      TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup.newBuilder().setA(517).build());
+    message.setRepeatedNestedMessage(1,
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(518).build());
+    message.setRepeatedForeignMessage(1,
+      ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(519).build());
+    message.setRepeatedImportMessage(1,
+      ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(520).build());
+    message.setRepeatedLazyMessage(1,
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(527).build());
+
+    message.setRepeatedNestedEnum (1, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    message.setRepeatedForeignEnum(1, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+    message.setRepeatedImportEnum (1, ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO);
+
+    message.setRepeatedStringPiece(1, "524");
+    message.setRepeatedCord(1, "525");
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all fields of
+   * {@code message} are set to the values assigned by {@code setAllFields}.
+   */
+  public static void assertAllFieldsSet(TestAllTypesOrBuilder message) {
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalInt32   ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalInt64   ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalUint32  ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalUint64  ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalSint32  ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalSint64  ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalFixed32 ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalFixed64 ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalFloat   ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalDouble  ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalBool    ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalString  ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalBytes   ());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalGroup         ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalNestedMessage ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalForeignMessage());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalImportMessage ());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getOptionalGroup         ().hasA());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getOptionalNestedMessage ().hasBb());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getOptionalForeignMessage().hasC());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getOptionalImportMessage ().hasD());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalNestedEnum ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalImportEnum ());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalCord());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(101  , message.getOptionalInt32   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(102  , message.getOptionalInt64   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(103  , message.getOptionalUint32  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(104  , message.getOptionalUint64  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(105  , message.getOptionalSint32  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(106  , message.getOptionalSint64  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(107  , message.getOptionalFixed32 ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(108  , message.getOptionalFixed64 ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(109  , message.getOptionalSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(110  , message.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(111  , message.getOptionalFloat   (), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(112  , message.getOptionalDouble  (), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(true , message.getOptionalBool    ());
+    Assert.assertEquals("115", message.getOptionalString  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("116"), message.getOptionalBytes());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(117, message.getOptionalGroup              ().getA());
+    Assert.assertEquals(118, message.getOptionalNestedMessage      ().getBb());
+    Assert.assertEquals(119, message.getOptionalForeignMessage     ().getC());
+    Assert.assertEquals(120, message.getOptionalImportMessage      ().getD());
+    Assert.assertEquals(126, message.getOptionalPublicImportMessage().getE());
+    Assert.assertEquals(127, message.getOptionalLazyMessage        ().getBb());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ, message.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ, message.getOptionalForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ, message.getOptionalImportEnum());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("124", message.getOptionalStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertEquals("125", message.getOptionalCord());
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedInt32Count   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedInt64Count   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedUint32Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedUint64Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSint32Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSint64Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFixed32Count ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFixed64Count ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSfixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSfixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFloatCount   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedDoubleCount  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedBoolCount    ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedStringCount  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedBytesCount   ());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedGroupCount         ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedNestedMessageCount ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedForeignMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedImportMessageCount ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedLazyMessageCount   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedNestedEnumCount    ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedForeignEnumCount   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedImportEnumCount    ());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedStringPieceCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedCordCount());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(201  , message.getRepeatedInt32   (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(202  , message.getRepeatedInt64   (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(203  , message.getRepeatedUint32  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(204  , message.getRepeatedUint64  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(205  , message.getRepeatedSint32  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(206  , message.getRepeatedSint64  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(207  , message.getRepeatedFixed32 (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(208  , message.getRepeatedFixed64 (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(209  , message.getRepeatedSfixed32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(210  , message.getRepeatedSfixed64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(211  , message.getRepeatedFloat   (0), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(212  , message.getRepeatedDouble  (0), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(true , message.getRepeatedBool    (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals("215", message.getRepeatedString  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("216"), message.getRepeatedBytes(0));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(217, message.getRepeatedGroup         (0).getA());
+    Assert.assertEquals(218, message.getRepeatedNestedMessage (0).getBb());
+    Assert.assertEquals(219, message.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0).getC());
+    Assert.assertEquals(220, message.getRepeatedImportMessage (0).getD());
+    Assert.assertEquals(227, message.getRepeatedLazyMessage   (0).getBb());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getRepeatedNestedEnum (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, message.getRepeatedForeignEnum(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR, message.getRepeatedImportEnum(0));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("224", message.getRepeatedStringPiece(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals("225", message.getRepeatedCord(0));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(301  , message.getRepeatedInt32   (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(302  , message.getRepeatedInt64   (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(303  , message.getRepeatedUint32  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(304  , message.getRepeatedUint64  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(305  , message.getRepeatedSint32  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(306  , message.getRepeatedSint64  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(307  , message.getRepeatedFixed32 (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(308  , message.getRepeatedFixed64 (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(309  , message.getRepeatedSfixed32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(310  , message.getRepeatedSfixed64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(311  , message.getRepeatedFloat   (1), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(312  , message.getRepeatedDouble  (1), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getRepeatedBool    (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals("315", message.getRepeatedString  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("316"), message.getRepeatedBytes(1));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(317, message.getRepeatedGroup         (1).getA());
+    Assert.assertEquals(318, message.getRepeatedNestedMessage (1).getBb());
+    Assert.assertEquals(319, message.getRepeatedForeignMessage(1).getC());
+    Assert.assertEquals(320, message.getRepeatedImportMessage (1).getD());
+    Assert.assertEquals(327, message.getRepeatedLazyMessage   (1).getBb());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ, message.getRepeatedNestedEnum (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ, message.getRepeatedForeignEnum(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ, message.getRepeatedImportEnum(1));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("324", message.getRepeatedStringPiece(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals("325", message.getRepeatedCord(1));
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultInt32   ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultInt64   ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultUint32  ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultUint64  ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultSint32  ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultSint64  ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultFixed32 ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultFixed64 ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultFloat   ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultDouble  ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultBool    ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultString  ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultBytes   ());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultNestedEnum ());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultImportEnum ());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultCord());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(401  , message.getDefaultInt32   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(402  , message.getDefaultInt64   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(403  , message.getDefaultUint32  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(404  , message.getDefaultUint64  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(405  , message.getDefaultSint32  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(406  , message.getDefaultSint64  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(407  , message.getDefaultFixed32 ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(408  , message.getDefaultFixed64 ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(409  , message.getDefaultSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(410  , message.getDefaultSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(411  , message.getDefaultFloat   (), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(412  , message.getDefaultDouble  (), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getDefaultBool    ());
+    Assert.assertEquals("415", message.getDefaultString  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("416"), message.getDefaultBytes());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, message.getDefaultNestedEnum ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO, message.getDefaultForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO, message.getDefaultImportEnum());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("424", message.getDefaultStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertEquals("425", message.getDefaultCord());
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all fields of
+   * {@code message} are cleared, and that getting the fields returns their
+   * default values.
+   */
+  public static void assertClear(TestAllTypesOrBuilder message) {
+    // hasBlah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalInt32   ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalInt64   ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalUint32  ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalUint64  ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalSint32  ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalSint64  ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalFixed32 ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalFixed64 ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalFloat   ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalDouble  ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalBool    ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalString  ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalBytes   ());
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalGroup         ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalNestedMessage ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalForeignMessage());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalImportMessage ());
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalNestedEnum ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalImportEnum ());
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalCord());
+
+    // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+    Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getOptionalInt32   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getOptionalInt64   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getOptionalUint32  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getOptionalUint64  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getOptionalSint32  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getOptionalSint64  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getOptionalFixed32 ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getOptionalFixed64 ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getOptionalSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getOptionalFloat   (), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getOptionalDouble  (), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getOptionalBool    ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(""   , message.getOptionalString  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getOptionalBytes());
+
+    // Embedded messages should also be clear.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getOptionalGroup              ().hasA());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getOptionalNestedMessage      ().hasBb());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getOptionalForeignMessage     ().hasC());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getOptionalImportMessage      ().hasD());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getOptionalPublicImportMessage().hasE());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getOptionalLazyMessage        ().hasBb());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalGroup              ().getA());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalNestedMessage      ().getBb());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalForeignMessage     ().getC());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalImportMessage      ().getD());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalPublicImportMessage().getE());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalLazyMessage        ().getBb());
+
+    // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, message.getOptionalNestedEnum ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO, message.getOptionalForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO, message.getOptionalImportEnum());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("", message.getOptionalStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertEquals("", message.getOptionalCord());
+
+    // Repeated fields are empty.
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedInt32Count   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedInt64Count   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedUint32Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedUint64Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedSint32Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedSint64Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFixed32Count ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFixed64Count ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedSfixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedSfixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFloatCount   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedDoubleCount  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedBoolCount    ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedStringCount  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedBytesCount   ());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedGroupCount         ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedNestedMessageCount ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedForeignMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedImportMessageCount ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedLazyMessageCount   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedNestedEnumCount    ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedForeignEnumCount   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedImportEnumCount    ());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedStringPieceCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedCordCount());
+
+    // hasBlah() should also be false for all default fields.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultInt32   ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultInt64   ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultUint32  ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultUint64  ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultSint32  ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultSint64  ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultFixed32 ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultFixed64 ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultFloat   ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultDouble  ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultBool    ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultString  ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultBytes   ());
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultNestedEnum ());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultImportEnum ());
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultCord());
+
+    // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+    Assert.assertEquals( 41    , message.getDefaultInt32   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals( 42    , message.getDefaultInt64   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals( 43    , message.getDefaultUint32  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals( 44    , message.getDefaultUint64  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(-45    , message.getDefaultSint32  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals( 46    , message.getDefaultSint64  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals( 47    , message.getDefaultFixed32 ());
+    Assert.assertEquals( 48    , message.getDefaultFixed64 ());
+    Assert.assertEquals( 49    , message.getDefaultSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(-50    , message.getDefaultSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertEquals( 51.5  , message.getDefaultFloat   (), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals( 52e3  , message.getDefaultDouble  (), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(true   , message.getDefaultBool    ());
+    Assert.assertEquals("hello", message.getDefaultString  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("world"), message.getDefaultBytes());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getDefaultNestedEnum ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, message.getDefaultForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR, message.getDefaultImportEnum());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("abc", message.getDefaultStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertEquals("123", message.getDefaultCord());
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all fields of
+   * {@code message} are set to the values assigned by {@code setAllFields}
+   * followed by {@code modifyRepeatedFields}.
+   */
+  public static void assertRepeatedFieldsModified(
+      TestAllTypesOrBuilder message) {
+    // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
+    // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
+    // element and size were *not* modified.
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedInt32Count   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedInt64Count   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedUint32Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedUint64Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSint32Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSint64Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFixed32Count ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFixed64Count ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSfixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSfixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFloatCount   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedDoubleCount  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedBoolCount    ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedStringCount  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedBytesCount   ());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedGroupCount         ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedNestedMessageCount ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedForeignMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedImportMessageCount ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedLazyMessageCount   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedNestedEnumCount    ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedForeignEnumCount   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedImportEnumCount    ());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedStringPieceCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedCordCount());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(201  , message.getRepeatedInt32   (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(202L , message.getRepeatedInt64   (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(203  , message.getRepeatedUint32  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(204L , message.getRepeatedUint64  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(205  , message.getRepeatedSint32  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(206L , message.getRepeatedSint64  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(207  , message.getRepeatedFixed32 (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(208L , message.getRepeatedFixed64 (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(209  , message.getRepeatedSfixed32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(210L , message.getRepeatedSfixed64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(211F , message.getRepeatedFloat   (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(212D , message.getRepeatedDouble  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(true , message.getRepeatedBool    (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals("215", message.getRepeatedString  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("216"), message.getRepeatedBytes(0));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(217, message.getRepeatedGroup         (0).getA());
+    Assert.assertEquals(218, message.getRepeatedNestedMessage (0).getBb());
+    Assert.assertEquals(219, message.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0).getC());
+    Assert.assertEquals(220, message.getRepeatedImportMessage (0).getD());
+    Assert.assertEquals(227, message.getRepeatedLazyMessage   (0).getBb());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getRepeatedNestedEnum (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, message.getRepeatedForeignEnum(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR, message.getRepeatedImportEnum(0));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("224", message.getRepeatedStringPiece(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals("225", message.getRepeatedCord(0));
+
+    // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+    Assert.assertEquals(501  , message.getRepeatedInt32   (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(502L , message.getRepeatedInt64   (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(503  , message.getRepeatedUint32  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(504L , message.getRepeatedUint64  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(505  , message.getRepeatedSint32  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(506L , message.getRepeatedSint64  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(507  , message.getRepeatedFixed32 (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(508L , message.getRepeatedFixed64 (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(509  , message.getRepeatedSfixed32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(510L , message.getRepeatedSfixed64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(511F , message.getRepeatedFloat   (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(512D , message.getRepeatedDouble  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(true , message.getRepeatedBool    (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals("515", message.getRepeatedString  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("516"), message.getRepeatedBytes(1));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(517, message.getRepeatedGroup         (1).getA());
+    Assert.assertEquals(518, message.getRepeatedNestedMessage (1).getBb());
+    Assert.assertEquals(519, message.getRepeatedForeignMessage(1).getC());
+    Assert.assertEquals(520, message.getRepeatedImportMessage (1).getD());
+    Assert.assertEquals(527, message.getRepeatedLazyMessage   (1).getBb());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, message.getRepeatedNestedEnum (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO, message.getRepeatedForeignEnum(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO, message.getRepeatedImportEnum(1));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("524", message.getRepeatedStringPiece(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals("525", message.getRepeatedCord(1));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set every field of {@code message} to a unique value.
+   */
+  public static void setPackedFields(TestPackedTypes.Builder message) {
+    message.addPackedInt32   (601);
+    message.addPackedInt64   (602);
+    message.addPackedUint32  (603);
+    message.addPackedUint64  (604);
+    message.addPackedSint32  (605);
+    message.addPackedSint64  (606);
+    message.addPackedFixed32 (607);
+    message.addPackedFixed64 (608);
+    message.addPackedSfixed32(609);
+    message.addPackedSfixed64(610);
+    message.addPackedFloat   (611);
+    message.addPackedDouble  (612);
+    message.addPackedBool    (true);
+    message.addPackedEnum    (ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR);
+    // Add a second one of each field.
+    message.addPackedInt32   (701);
+    message.addPackedInt64   (702);
+    message.addPackedUint32  (703);
+    message.addPackedUint64  (704);
+    message.addPackedSint32  (705);
+    message.addPackedSint64  (706);
+    message.addPackedFixed32 (707);
+    message.addPackedFixed64 (708);
+    message.addPackedSfixed32(709);
+    message.addPackedSfixed64(710);
+    message.addPackedFloat   (711);
+    message.addPackedDouble  (712);
+    message.addPackedBool    (false);
+    message.addPackedEnum    (ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set every field of {@code message} to a unique value. Must correspond with
+   * the values applied by {@code setPackedFields}.
+   */
+  public static void setUnpackedFields(TestUnpackedTypes.Builder message) {
+    message.addUnpackedInt32   (601);
+    message.addUnpackedInt64   (602);
+    message.addUnpackedUint32  (603);
+    message.addUnpackedUint64  (604);
+    message.addUnpackedSint32  (605);
+    message.addUnpackedSint64  (606);
+    message.addUnpackedFixed32 (607);
+    message.addUnpackedFixed64 (608);
+    message.addUnpackedSfixed32(609);
+    message.addUnpackedSfixed64(610);
+    message.addUnpackedFloat   (611);
+    message.addUnpackedDouble  (612);
+    message.addUnpackedBool    (true);
+    message.addUnpackedEnum    (ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR);
+    // Add a second one of each field.
+    message.addUnpackedInt32   (701);
+    message.addUnpackedInt64   (702);
+    message.addUnpackedUint32  (703);
+    message.addUnpackedUint64  (704);
+    message.addUnpackedSint32  (705);
+    message.addUnpackedSint64  (706);
+    message.addUnpackedFixed32 (707);
+    message.addUnpackedFixed64 (708);
+    message.addUnpackedSfixed32(709);
+    message.addUnpackedSfixed64(710);
+    message.addUnpackedFloat   (711);
+    message.addUnpackedDouble  (712);
+    message.addUnpackedBool    (false);
+    message.addUnpackedEnum    (ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all fields of
+   * {@code message} are set to the values assigned by {@code setPackedFields}.
+   */
+  public static void assertPackedFieldsSet(TestPackedTypes message) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedInt32Count   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedInt64Count   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedUint32Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedUint64Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedSint32Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedSint64Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedFixed32Count ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedFixed64Count ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedSfixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedSfixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedFloatCount   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedDoubleCount  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedBoolCount    ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedEnumCount   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(601  , message.getPackedInt32   (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(602  , message.getPackedInt64   (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(603  , message.getPackedUint32  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(604  , message.getPackedUint64  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(605  , message.getPackedSint32  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(606  , message.getPackedSint64  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(607  , message.getPackedFixed32 (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(608  , message.getPackedFixed64 (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(609  , message.getPackedSfixed32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(610  , message.getPackedSfixed64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(611  , message.getPackedFloat   (0), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(612  , message.getPackedDouble  (0), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(true , message.getPackedBool    (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, message.getPackedEnum(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(701  , message.getPackedInt32   (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(702  , message.getPackedInt64   (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(703  , message.getPackedUint32  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(704  , message.getPackedUint64  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(705  , message.getPackedSint32  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(706  , message.getPackedSint64  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(707  , message.getPackedFixed32 (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(708  , message.getPackedFixed64 (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(709  , message.getPackedSfixed32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(710  , message.getPackedSfixed64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(711  , message.getPackedFloat   (1), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(712  , message.getPackedDouble  (1), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getPackedBool    (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ, message.getPackedEnum(1));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all fields of
+   * {@code message} are set to the values assigned by {@code setUnpackedFields}.
+   */
+  public static void assertUnpackedFieldsSet(TestUnpackedTypes message) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedInt32Count   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedInt64Count   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedUint32Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedUint64Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedSint32Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedSint64Count  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedFixed32Count ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedFixed64Count ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedSfixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedSfixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedFloatCount   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedDoubleCount  ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedBoolCount    ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedEnumCount   ());
+    Assert.assertEquals(601  , message.getUnpackedInt32   (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(602  , message.getUnpackedInt64   (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(603  , message.getUnpackedUint32  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(604  , message.getUnpackedUint64  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(605  , message.getUnpackedSint32  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(606  , message.getUnpackedSint64  (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(607  , message.getUnpackedFixed32 (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(608  , message.getUnpackedFixed64 (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(609  , message.getUnpackedSfixed32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(610  , message.getUnpackedSfixed64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(611  , message.getUnpackedFloat   (0), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(612  , message.getUnpackedDouble  (0), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(true , message.getUnpackedBool    (0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, message.getUnpackedEnum(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(701  , message.getUnpackedInt32   (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(702  , message.getUnpackedInt64   (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(703  , message.getUnpackedUint32  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(704  , message.getUnpackedUint64  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(705  , message.getUnpackedSint32  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(706  , message.getUnpackedSint64  (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(707  , message.getUnpackedFixed32 (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(708  , message.getUnpackedFixed64 (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(709  , message.getUnpackedSfixed32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(710  , message.getUnpackedSfixed64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(711  , message.getUnpackedFloat   (1), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(712  , message.getUnpackedDouble  (1), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getUnpackedBool    (1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ, message.getUnpackedEnum(1));
+  }
+
+  // ===================================================================
+  // Like above, but for extensions
+
+  // Java gets confused with things like assertEquals(int, Integer):  it can't
+  // decide whether to call assertEquals(int, int) or assertEquals(Object,
+  // Object).  So we define these methods to help it.
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(int a, int b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(long a, long b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(float a, float b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b, 0.0);
+  }
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(double a, double b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b, 0.0);
+  }
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(boolean a, boolean b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(String a, String b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(ByteString a, ByteString b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum a,
+                                            TestAllTypes.NestedEnum b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnum a, ForeignEnum b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnum a, ImportEnum b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Get an unmodifiable {@link ExtensionRegistry} containing all the
+   * extensions of {@code TestAllExtensions}.
+   */
+  public static ExtensionRegistry getExtensionRegistry() {
+    ExtensionRegistry registry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    registerAllExtensions(registry);
+    return registry.getUnmodifiable();
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Register all of {@code TestAllExtensions}'s extensions with the
+   * given {@link ExtensionRegistry}.
+   */
+  public static void registerAllExtensions(ExtensionRegistry registry) {
+    UnittestProto.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Set every field of {@code message} to the values expected by
+   * {@code assertAllExtensionsSet()}.
+   */
+  public static void setAllExtensions(TestAllExtensions.Builder message) {
+    message.setExtension(optionalInt32Extension   , 101);
+    message.setExtension(optionalInt64Extension   , 102L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalUint32Extension  , 103);
+    message.setExtension(optionalUint64Extension  , 104L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalSint32Extension  , 105);
+    message.setExtension(optionalSint64Extension  , 106L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalFixed32Extension , 107);
+    message.setExtension(optionalFixed64Extension , 108L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalSfixed32Extension, 109);
+    message.setExtension(optionalSfixed64Extension, 110L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalFloatExtension   , 111F);
+    message.setExtension(optionalDoubleExtension  , 112D);
+    message.setExtension(optionalBoolExtension    , true);
+    message.setExtension(optionalStringExtension  , "115");
+    message.setExtension(optionalBytesExtension   , toBytes("116"));
+
+    message.setExtension(optionalGroupExtension,
+      OptionalGroup_extension.newBuilder().setA(117).build());
+    message.setExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtension,
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(118).build());
+    message.setExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtension,
+      ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(119).build());
+    message.setExtension(optionalImportMessageExtension,
+      ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(120).build());
+    message.setExtension(optionalPublicImportMessageExtension,
+      PublicImportMessage.newBuilder().setE(126).build());
+    message.setExtension(optionalLazyMessageExtension,
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(127).build());
+
+    message.setExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    message.setExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtension, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ);
+    message.setExtension(optionalImportEnumExtension, ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ);
+
+    message.setExtension(optionalStringPieceExtension, "124");
+    message.setExtension(optionalCordExtension, "125");
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedInt32Extension   , 201);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedInt64Extension   , 202L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedUint32Extension  , 203);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedUint64Extension  , 204L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSint32Extension  , 205);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSint64Extension  , 206L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension , 207);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension , 208L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension, 209);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension, 210L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFloatExtension   , 211F);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension  , 212D);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedBoolExtension    , true);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedStringExtension  , "215");
+    message.addExtension(repeatedBytesExtension   , toBytes("216"));
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedGroupExtension,
+      RepeatedGroup_extension.newBuilder().setA(217).build());
+    message.addExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtension,
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(218).build());
+    message.addExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtension,
+      ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(219).build());
+    message.addExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtension,
+      ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(220).build());
+    message.addExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtension,
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(227).build());
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension, ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR);
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension, "224");
+    message.addExtension(repeatedCordExtension, "225");
+
+    // Add a second one of each field.
+    message.addExtension(repeatedInt32Extension   , 301);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedInt64Extension   , 302L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedUint32Extension  , 303);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedUint64Extension  , 304L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSint32Extension  , 305);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSint64Extension  , 306L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension , 307);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension , 308L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension, 309);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension, 310L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFloatExtension   , 311F);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension  , 312D);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedBoolExtension    , false);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedStringExtension  , "315");
+    message.addExtension(repeatedBytesExtension   , toBytes("316"));
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedGroupExtension,
+      RepeatedGroup_extension.newBuilder().setA(317).build());
+    message.addExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtension,
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(318).build());
+    message.addExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtension,
+      ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(319).build());
+    message.addExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtension,
+      ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(320).build());
+    message.addExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtension,
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(327).build());
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension, ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ);
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension, "324");
+    message.addExtension(repeatedCordExtension, "325");
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    message.setExtension(defaultInt32Extension   , 401);
+    message.setExtension(defaultInt64Extension   , 402L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultUint32Extension  , 403);
+    message.setExtension(defaultUint64Extension  , 404L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultSint32Extension  , 405);
+    message.setExtension(defaultSint64Extension  , 406L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultFixed32Extension , 407);
+    message.setExtension(defaultFixed64Extension , 408L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultSfixed32Extension, 409);
+    message.setExtension(defaultSfixed64Extension, 410L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultFloatExtension   , 411F);
+    message.setExtension(defaultDoubleExtension  , 412D);
+    message.setExtension(defaultBoolExtension    , false);
+    message.setExtension(defaultStringExtension  , "415");
+    message.setExtension(defaultBytesExtension   , toBytes("416"));
+
+    message.setExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    message.setExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtension, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+    message.setExtension(defaultImportEnumExtension, ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO);
+
+    message.setExtension(defaultStringPieceExtension, "424");
+    message.setExtension(defaultCordExtension, "425");
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Modify the repeated extensions of {@code message} to contain the values
+   * expected by {@code assertRepeatedExtensionsModified()}.
+   */
+  public static void modifyRepeatedExtensions(
+      TestAllExtensions.Builder message) {
+    message.setExtension(repeatedInt32Extension   , 1, 501);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedInt64Extension   , 1, 502L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedUint32Extension  , 1, 503);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedUint64Extension  , 1, 504L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedSint32Extension  , 1, 505);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedSint64Extension  , 1, 506L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension , 1, 507);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension , 1, 508L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension, 1, 509);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension, 1, 510L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedFloatExtension   , 1, 511F);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension  , 1, 512D);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedBoolExtension    , 1, true);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedStringExtension  , 1, "515");
+    message.setExtension(repeatedBytesExtension   , 1, toBytes("516"));
+
+    message.setExtension(repeatedGroupExtension, 1,
+      RepeatedGroup_extension.newBuilder().setA(517).build());
+    message.setExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtension, 1,
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(518).build());
+    message.setExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtension, 1,
+      ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(519).build());
+    message.setExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtension, 1,
+      ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(520).build());
+    message.setExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtension, 1,
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(527).build());
+
+    message.setExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension , 1, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension, 1, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension , 1, ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO);
+
+    message.setExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension, 1, "524");
+    message.setExtension(repeatedCordExtension, 1, "525");
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all extensions of
+   * {@code message} are set to the values assigned by {@code setAllExtensions}.
+   */
+  public static void assertAllExtensionsSet(
+      TestAllExtensionsOrBuilder message) {
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalInt32Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalInt64Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalUint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalUint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalSint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalSint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalFixed32Extension ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalFixed64Extension ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalFloatExtension   ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalDoubleExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalBoolExtension    ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalStringExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalBytesExtension   ));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalGroupExtension         ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtension ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalImportMessageExtension ));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getExtension(optionalGroupExtension         ).hasA());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtension ).hasBb());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtension).hasC());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getExtension(optionalImportMessageExtension ).hasD());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtension ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalImportEnumExtension ));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalStringPieceExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalCordExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(101  , message.getExtension(optionalInt32Extension   ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(102L , message.getExtension(optionalInt64Extension   ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(103  , message.getExtension(optionalUint32Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(104L , message.getExtension(optionalUint64Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(105  , message.getExtension(optionalSint32Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(106L , message.getExtension(optionalSint64Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(107  , message.getExtension(optionalFixed32Extension ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(108L , message.getExtension(optionalFixed64Extension ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(109  , message.getExtension(optionalSfixed32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(110L , message.getExtension(optionalSfixed64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(111F , message.getExtension(optionalFloatExtension   ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(112D , message.getExtension(optionalDoubleExtension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true , message.getExtension(optionalBoolExtension    ));
+    assertEqualsExactType("115", message.getExtension(optionalStringExtension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("116"), message.getExtension(optionalBytesExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(117, message.getExtension(optionalGroupExtension              ).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(118, message.getExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtension      ).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(119, message.getExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtension     ).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(120, message.getExtension(optionalImportMessageExtension      ).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(126, message.getExtension(optionalPublicImportMessageExtension).getE());
+    assertEqualsExactType(127, message.getExtension(optionalLazyMessageExtension        ).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ,
+      message.getExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ,
+      message.getExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ,
+      message.getExtension(optionalImportEnumExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("124", message.getExtension(optionalStringPieceExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType("125", message.getExtension(optionalCordExtension));
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt32Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt64Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed32Extension ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed64Extension ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFloatExtension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedDoubleExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBoolExtension    ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBytesExtension   ));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedGroupExtension         ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedMessageExtension ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportMessageExtension ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedLazyMessageExtension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedEnumExtension    ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignEnumExtension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportEnumExtension    ));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringPieceExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedCordExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(201  , message.getExtension(repeatedInt32Extension   , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(202L , message.getExtension(repeatedInt64Extension   , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(203  , message.getExtension(repeatedUint32Extension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(204L , message.getExtension(repeatedUint64Extension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(205  , message.getExtension(repeatedSint32Extension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(206L , message.getExtension(repeatedSint64Extension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(207  , message.getExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(208L , message.getExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(209  , message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(210L , message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(211F , message.getExtension(repeatedFloatExtension   , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(212D , message.getExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true , message.getExtension(repeatedBoolExtension    , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType("215", message.getExtension(repeatedStringExtension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("216"), message.getExtension(repeatedBytesExtension, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(217, message.getExtension(repeatedGroupExtension         , 0).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(218, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtension , 0).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(219, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtension, 0).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(220, message.getExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtension , 0).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(227, message.getExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtension   , 0).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR,
+      message.getExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR,
+      message.getExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR,
+      message.getExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("224", message.getExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType("225", message.getExtension(repeatedCordExtension, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(301  , message.getExtension(repeatedInt32Extension   , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(302L , message.getExtension(repeatedInt64Extension   , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(303  , message.getExtension(repeatedUint32Extension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(304L , message.getExtension(repeatedUint64Extension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(305  , message.getExtension(repeatedSint32Extension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(306L , message.getExtension(repeatedSint64Extension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(307  , message.getExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(308L , message.getExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(309  , message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(310L , message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(311F , message.getExtension(repeatedFloatExtension   , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(312D , message.getExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(false, message.getExtension(repeatedBoolExtension    , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType("315", message.getExtension(repeatedStringExtension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("316"), message.getExtension(repeatedBytesExtension, 1));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(317, message.getExtension(repeatedGroupExtension         , 1).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(318, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtension , 1).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(319, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtension, 1).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(320, message.getExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtension , 1).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(327, message.getExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtension   , 1).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ,
+      message.getExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ,
+      message.getExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ,
+      message.getExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension, 1));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("324", message.getExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType("325", message.getExtension(repeatedCordExtension, 1));
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultInt32Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultInt64Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultUint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultUint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultSint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultSint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultFixed32Extension ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultFixed64Extension ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultFloatExtension   ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultDoubleExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultBoolExtension    ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultStringExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultBytesExtension   ));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtension ));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultImportEnumExtension ));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultStringPieceExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultCordExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(401  , message.getExtension(defaultInt32Extension   ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(402L , message.getExtension(defaultInt64Extension   ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(403  , message.getExtension(defaultUint32Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(404L , message.getExtension(defaultUint64Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(405  , message.getExtension(defaultSint32Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(406L , message.getExtension(defaultSint64Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(407  , message.getExtension(defaultFixed32Extension ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(408L , message.getExtension(defaultFixed64Extension ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(409  , message.getExtension(defaultSfixed32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(410L , message.getExtension(defaultSfixed64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(411F , message.getExtension(defaultFloatExtension   ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(412D , message.getExtension(defaultDoubleExtension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(false, message.getExtension(defaultBoolExtension    ));
+    assertEqualsExactType("415", message.getExtension(defaultStringExtension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("416"), message.getExtension(defaultBytesExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO,
+      message.getExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtension ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO,
+      message.getExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO,
+      message.getExtension(defaultImportEnumExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("424", message.getExtension(defaultStringPieceExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType("425", message.getExtension(defaultCordExtension));
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all extensions of
+   * {@code message} are cleared, and that getting the extensions returns their
+   * default values.
+   */
+  public static void assertExtensionsClear(TestAllExtensionsOrBuilder message) {
+    // hasBlah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalInt32Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalInt64Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalUint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalUint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalSint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalSint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalFixed32Extension ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalFixed64Extension ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalFloatExtension   ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalDoubleExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalBoolExtension    ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalStringExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalBytesExtension   ));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalGroupExtension         ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtension ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalImportMessageExtension ));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtension ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalImportEnumExtension ));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalStringPieceExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalCordExtension));
+
+    // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+    assertEqualsExactType(0    , message.getExtension(optionalInt32Extension   ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L   , message.getExtension(optionalInt64Extension   ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0    , message.getExtension(optionalUint32Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L   , message.getExtension(optionalUint64Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0    , message.getExtension(optionalSint32Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L   , message.getExtension(optionalSint64Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0    , message.getExtension(optionalFixed32Extension ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L   , message.getExtension(optionalFixed64Extension ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0    , message.getExtension(optionalSfixed32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L   , message.getExtension(optionalSfixed64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0F   , message.getExtension(optionalFloatExtension   ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0D   , message.getExtension(optionalDoubleExtension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(false, message.getExtension(optionalBoolExtension    ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(""   , message.getExtension(optionalStringExtension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getExtension(optionalBytesExtension));
+
+    // Embedded messages should also be clear.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getExtension(optionalGroupExtension         ).hasA());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtension ).hasBb());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtension).hasC());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getExtension(optionalImportMessageExtension ).hasD());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalGroupExtension         ).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtension ).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtension).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalImportMessageExtension ).getD());
+
+    // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+    assertEqualsExactType(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO,
+      message.getExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtension ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO,
+      message.getExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO,
+      message.getExtension(optionalImportEnumExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("", message.getExtension(optionalStringPieceExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType("", message.getExtension(optionalCordExtension));
+
+    // Repeated fields are empty.
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt32Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt64Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed32Extension ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed64Extension ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFloatExtension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedDoubleExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBoolExtension    ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBytesExtension   ));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedGroupExtension         ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedMessageExtension ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportMessageExtension ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedLazyMessageExtension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedEnumExtension    ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignEnumExtension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportEnumExtension    ));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringPieceExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedCordExtension));
+
+    // Repeated fields are empty via getExtension().size().
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedInt32Extension   ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedInt64Extension   ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedUint32Extension  ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedUint64Extension  ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedSint32Extension  ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedSint64Extension  ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedFloatExtension   ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension  ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedBoolExtension    ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedStringExtension  ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedBytesExtension   ).size());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedGroupExtension         ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtension ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtension ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtension   ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension    ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension   ).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension    ).size());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedCordExtension).size());
+
+    // hasBlah() should also be false for all default fields.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultInt32Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultInt64Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultUint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultUint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultSint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultSint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultFixed32Extension ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultFixed64Extension ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultFloatExtension   ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultDoubleExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultBoolExtension    ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultStringExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultBytesExtension   ));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtension ));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultImportEnumExtension ));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultStringPieceExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultCordExtension));
+
+    // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+    assertEqualsExactType( 41    , message.getExtension(defaultInt32Extension   ));
+    assertEqualsExactType( 42L   , message.getExtension(defaultInt64Extension   ));
+    assertEqualsExactType( 43    , message.getExtension(defaultUint32Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType( 44L   , message.getExtension(defaultUint64Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(-45    , message.getExtension(defaultSint32Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType( 46L   , message.getExtension(defaultSint64Extension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType( 47    , message.getExtension(defaultFixed32Extension ));
+    assertEqualsExactType( 48L   , message.getExtension(defaultFixed64Extension ));
+    assertEqualsExactType( 49    , message.getExtension(defaultSfixed32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(-50L   , message.getExtension(defaultSfixed64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType( 51.5F , message.getExtension(defaultFloatExtension   ));
+    assertEqualsExactType( 52e3D , message.getExtension(defaultDoubleExtension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true   , message.getExtension(defaultBoolExtension    ));
+    assertEqualsExactType("hello", message.getExtension(defaultStringExtension  ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("world"), message.getExtension(defaultBytesExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR,
+      message.getExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtension ));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR,
+      message.getExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR,
+      message.getExtension(defaultImportEnumExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("abc", message.getExtension(defaultStringPieceExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType("123", message.getExtension(defaultCordExtension));
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all extensions of
+   * {@code message} are set to the values assigned by {@code setAllExtensions}
+   * followed by {@code modifyRepeatedExtensions}.
+   */
+  public static void assertRepeatedExtensionsModified(
+      TestAllExtensionsOrBuilder message) {
+    // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
+    // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
+    // element and size were *not* modified.
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt32Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt64Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed32Extension ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed64Extension ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFloatExtension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedDoubleExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBoolExtension    ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBytesExtension   ));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedGroupExtension         ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedMessageExtension ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportMessageExtension ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedLazyMessageExtension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedEnumExtension    ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignEnumExtension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportEnumExtension    ));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringPieceExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedCordExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(201  , message.getExtension(repeatedInt32Extension   , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(202L , message.getExtension(repeatedInt64Extension   , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(203  , message.getExtension(repeatedUint32Extension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(204L , message.getExtension(repeatedUint64Extension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(205  , message.getExtension(repeatedSint32Extension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(206L , message.getExtension(repeatedSint64Extension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(207  , message.getExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(208L , message.getExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(209  , message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(210L , message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(211F , message.getExtension(repeatedFloatExtension   , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(212D , message.getExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true , message.getExtension(repeatedBoolExtension    , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType("215", message.getExtension(repeatedStringExtension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("216"), message.getExtension(repeatedBytesExtension, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(217, message.getExtension(repeatedGroupExtension         , 0).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(218, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtension , 0).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(219, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtension, 0).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(220, message.getExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtension , 0).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(227, message.getExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtension   , 0).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR,
+      message.getExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR,
+      message.getExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR,
+      message.getExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("224", message.getExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType("225", message.getExtension(repeatedCordExtension, 0));
+
+    // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+    assertEqualsExactType(501  , message.getExtension(repeatedInt32Extension   , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(502L , message.getExtension(repeatedInt64Extension   , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(503  , message.getExtension(repeatedUint32Extension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(504L , message.getExtension(repeatedUint64Extension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(505  , message.getExtension(repeatedSint32Extension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(506L , message.getExtension(repeatedSint64Extension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(507  , message.getExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(508L , message.getExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(509  , message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(510L , message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(511F , message.getExtension(repeatedFloatExtension   , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(512D , message.getExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true , message.getExtension(repeatedBoolExtension    , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType("515", message.getExtension(repeatedStringExtension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("516"), message.getExtension(repeatedBytesExtension, 1));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(517, message.getExtension(repeatedGroupExtension         , 1).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(518, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtension , 1).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(519, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtension, 1).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(520, message.getExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtension , 1).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(527, message.getExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtension   , 1).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO,
+      message.getExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO,
+      message.getExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO,
+      message.getExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension, 1));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("524", message.getExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType("525", message.getExtension(repeatedCordExtension, 1));
+  }
+
+  public static void setPackedExtensions(TestPackedExtensions.Builder message) {
+    message.addExtension(packedInt32Extension   , 601);
+    message.addExtension(packedInt64Extension   , 602L);
+    message.addExtension(packedUint32Extension  , 603);
+    message.addExtension(packedUint64Extension  , 604L);
+    message.addExtension(packedSint32Extension  , 605);
+    message.addExtension(packedSint64Extension  , 606L);
+    message.addExtension(packedFixed32Extension , 607);
+    message.addExtension(packedFixed64Extension , 608L);
+    message.addExtension(packedSfixed32Extension, 609);
+    message.addExtension(packedSfixed64Extension, 610L);
+    message.addExtension(packedFloatExtension   , 611F);
+    message.addExtension(packedDoubleExtension  , 612D);
+    message.addExtension(packedBoolExtension    , true);
+    message.addExtension(packedEnumExtension, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR);
+    // Add a second one of each field.
+    message.addExtension(packedInt32Extension   , 701);
+    message.addExtension(packedInt64Extension   , 702L);
+    message.addExtension(packedUint32Extension  , 703);
+    message.addExtension(packedUint64Extension  , 704L);
+    message.addExtension(packedSint32Extension  , 705);
+    message.addExtension(packedSint64Extension  , 706L);
+    message.addExtension(packedFixed32Extension , 707);
+    message.addExtension(packedFixed64Extension , 708L);
+    message.addExtension(packedSfixed32Extension, 709);
+    message.addExtension(packedSfixed64Extension, 710L);
+    message.addExtension(packedFloatExtension   , 711F);
+    message.addExtension(packedDoubleExtension  , 712D);
+    message.addExtension(packedBoolExtension    , false);
+    message.addExtension(packedEnumExtension, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  }
+
+  public static void assertPackedExtensionsSet(TestPackedExtensions message) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedInt32Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedInt64Extension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedUint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedUint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedSint32Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedSint64Extension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedFixed32Extension ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedFixed64Extension ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedFloatExtension   ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedDoubleExtension  ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedBoolExtension    ));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(601  , message.getExtension(packedInt32Extension   , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(602L , message.getExtension(packedInt64Extension   , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(603  , message.getExtension(packedUint32Extension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(604L , message.getExtension(packedUint64Extension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(605  , message.getExtension(packedSint32Extension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(606L , message.getExtension(packedSint64Extension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(607  , message.getExtension(packedFixed32Extension , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(608L , message.getExtension(packedFixed64Extension , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(609  , message.getExtension(packedSfixed32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(610L , message.getExtension(packedSfixed64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(611F , message.getExtension(packedFloatExtension   , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(612D , message.getExtension(packedDoubleExtension  , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true , message.getExtension(packedBoolExtension    , 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR,
+                          message.getExtension(packedEnumExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(701  , message.getExtension(packedInt32Extension   , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(702L , message.getExtension(packedInt64Extension   , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(703  , message.getExtension(packedUint32Extension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(704L , message.getExtension(packedUint64Extension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(705  , message.getExtension(packedSint32Extension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(706L , message.getExtension(packedSint64Extension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(707  , message.getExtension(packedFixed32Extension , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(708L , message.getExtension(packedFixed64Extension , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(709  , message.getExtension(packedSfixed32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(710L , message.getExtension(packedSfixed64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(711F , message.getExtension(packedFloatExtension   , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(712D , message.getExtension(packedDoubleExtension  , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(false, message.getExtension(packedBoolExtension    , 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ,
+                          message.getExtension(packedEnumExtension, 1));
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * Performs the same things that the methods of {@code TestUtil} do, but
+   * via the reflection interface.  This is its own class because it needs
+   * to know what descriptor to use.
+   */
+  public static class ReflectionTester {
+    private final Descriptors.Descriptor baseDescriptor;
+    private final ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry;
+
+    private final Descriptors.FileDescriptor file;
+    private final Descriptors.FileDescriptor importFile;
+    private final Descriptors.FileDescriptor publicImportFile;
+
+    private final Descriptors.Descriptor optionalGroup;
+    private final Descriptors.Descriptor repeatedGroup;
+    private final Descriptors.Descriptor nestedMessage;
+    private final Descriptors.Descriptor foreignMessage;
+    private final Descriptors.Descriptor importMessage;
+    private final Descriptors.Descriptor publicImportMessage;
+
+    private final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor groupA;
+    private final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor repeatedGroupA;
+    private final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor nestedB;
+    private final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor foreignC;
+    private final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor importD;
+    private final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor importE;
+
+    private final Descriptors.EnumDescriptor nestedEnum;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumDescriptor foreignEnum;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumDescriptor importEnum;
+
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor nestedFoo;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor nestedBar;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor nestedBaz;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor foreignFoo;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor foreignBar;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor foreignBaz;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor importFoo;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor importBar;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor importBaz;
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a {@code ReflectionTester} that will expect messages using
+     * the given descriptor.
+     *
+     * Normally {@code baseDescriptor} should be a descriptor for the type
+     * {@code TestAllTypes}, defined in
+     * {@code google/protobuf/unittest.proto}.  However, if
+     * {@code extensionRegistry} is non-null, then {@code baseDescriptor} should
+     * be for {@code TestAllExtensions} instead, and instead of reading and
+     * writing normal fields, the tester will read and write extensions.
+     * All of {@code TestAllExtensions}' extensions must be registered in the
+     * registry.
+     */
+    public ReflectionTester(Descriptors.Descriptor baseDescriptor,
+                            ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry) {
+      this.baseDescriptor = baseDescriptor;
+      this.extensionRegistry = extensionRegistry;
+
+      this.file = baseDescriptor.getFile();
+      Assert.assertEquals(1, file.getDependencies().size());
+      this.importFile = file.getDependencies().get(0);
+      this.publicImportFile = importFile.getDependencies().get(0);
+
+      Descriptors.Descriptor testAllTypes;
+      if (baseDescriptor.getName() == "TestAllTypes") {
+        testAllTypes = baseDescriptor;
+      } else {
+        testAllTypes = file.findMessageTypeByName("TestAllTypes");
+        Assert.assertNotNull(testAllTypes);
+      }
+
+      if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+        // Use testAllTypes, rather than baseDescriptor, to allow
+        // initialization using TestPackedTypes descriptors. These objects
+        // won't be used by the methods for packed fields.
+        this.optionalGroup =
+          testAllTypes.findNestedTypeByName("OptionalGroup");
+        this.repeatedGroup =
+          testAllTypes.findNestedTypeByName("RepeatedGroup");
+      } else {
+        this.optionalGroup =
+          file.findMessageTypeByName("OptionalGroup_extension");
+        this.repeatedGroup =
+          file.findMessageTypeByName("RepeatedGroup_extension");
+      }
+      this.nestedMessage = testAllTypes.findNestedTypeByName("NestedMessage");
+      this.foreignMessage = file.findMessageTypeByName("ForeignMessage");
+      this.importMessage = importFile.findMessageTypeByName("ImportMessage");
+      this.publicImportMessage = publicImportFile.findMessageTypeByName(
+          "PublicImportMessage");
+
+      this.nestedEnum = testAllTypes.findEnumTypeByName("NestedEnum");
+      this.foreignEnum = file.findEnumTypeByName("ForeignEnum");
+      this.importEnum = importFile.findEnumTypeByName("ImportEnum");
+
+      Assert.assertNotNull(optionalGroup );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(repeatedGroup );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(nestedMessage );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(foreignMessage);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(importMessage );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(nestedEnum    );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(foreignEnum   );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(importEnum    );
+
+      this.nestedB  = nestedMessage .findFieldByName("bb");
+      this.foreignC = foreignMessage.findFieldByName("c");
+      this.importD  = importMessage .findFieldByName("d");
+      this.importE  = publicImportMessage.findFieldByName("e");
+      this.nestedFoo = nestedEnum.findValueByName("FOO");
+      this.nestedBar = nestedEnum.findValueByName("BAR");
+      this.nestedBaz = nestedEnum.findValueByName("BAZ");
+      this.foreignFoo = foreignEnum.findValueByName("FOREIGN_FOO");
+      this.foreignBar = foreignEnum.findValueByName("FOREIGN_BAR");
+      this.foreignBaz = foreignEnum.findValueByName("FOREIGN_BAZ");
+      this.importFoo = importEnum.findValueByName("IMPORT_FOO");
+      this.importBar = importEnum.findValueByName("IMPORT_BAR");
+      this.importBaz = importEnum.findValueByName("IMPORT_BAZ");
+
+      this.groupA = optionalGroup.findFieldByName("a");
+      this.repeatedGroupA = repeatedGroup.findFieldByName("a");
+
+      Assert.assertNotNull(groupA        );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(repeatedGroupA);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(nestedB       );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(foreignC      );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(importD       );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(importE       );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(nestedFoo     );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(nestedBar     );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(nestedBaz     );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(foreignFoo    );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(foreignBar    );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(foreignBaz    );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(importFoo     );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(importBar     );
+      Assert.assertNotNull(importBaz     );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Shorthand to get a FieldDescriptor for a field of unittest::TestAllTypes.
+     */
+    private Descriptors.FieldDescriptor f(String name) {
+      Descriptors.FieldDescriptor result;
+      if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+        result = baseDescriptor.findFieldByName(name);
+      } else {
+        result = file.findExtensionByName(name + "_extension");
+      }
+      Assert.assertNotNull(result);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calls {@code parent.newBuilderForField()} or uses the
+     * {@code ExtensionRegistry} to find an appropriate builder, depending
+     * on what type is being tested.
+     */
+    private Message.Builder newBuilderForField(
+        Message.Builder parent, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+        return parent.newBuilderForField(field);
+      } else {
+        ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo extension =
+          extensionRegistry.findExtensionByNumber(field.getContainingType(),
+                                                  field.getNumber());
+        Assert.assertNotNull(extension);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(extension.defaultInstance);
+        return extension.defaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Set every field of {@code message} to the values expected by
+     * {@code assertAllFieldsSet()}, using the {@link Message.Builder}
+     * reflection interface.
+     */
+    void setAllFieldsViaReflection(Message.Builder message) {
+      message.setField(f("optional_int32"   ), 101 );
+      message.setField(f("optional_int64"   ), 102L);
+      message.setField(f("optional_uint32"  ), 103 );
+      message.setField(f("optional_uint64"  ), 104L);
+      message.setField(f("optional_sint32"  ), 105 );
+      message.setField(f("optional_sint64"  ), 106L);
+      message.setField(f("optional_fixed32" ), 107 );
+      message.setField(f("optional_fixed64" ), 108L);
+      message.setField(f("optional_sfixed32"), 109 );
+      message.setField(f("optional_sfixed64"), 110L);
+      message.setField(f("optional_float"   ), 111F);
+      message.setField(f("optional_double"  ), 112D);
+      message.setField(f("optional_bool"    ), true);
+      message.setField(f("optional_string"  ), "115");
+      message.setField(f("optional_bytes"   ), toBytes("116"));
+
+      message.setField(f("optionalgroup"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("optionalgroup"))
+               .setField(groupA, 117).build());
+      message.setField(f("optional_nested_message"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("optional_nested_message"))
+               .setField(nestedB, 118).build());
+      message.setField(f("optional_foreign_message"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("optional_foreign_message"))
+               .setField(foreignC, 119).build());
+      message.setField(f("optional_import_message"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("optional_import_message"))
+               .setField(importD, 120).build());
+      message.setField(f("optional_public_import_message"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("optional_public_import_message"))
+               .setField(importE, 126).build());
+      message.setField(f("optional_lazy_message"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("optional_lazy_message"))
+               .setField(nestedB, 127).build());
+
+      message.setField(f("optional_nested_enum" ),  nestedBaz);
+      message.setField(f("optional_foreign_enum"), foreignBaz);
+      message.setField(f("optional_import_enum" ),  importBaz);
+
+      message.setField(f("optional_string_piece" ), "124");
+      message.setField(f("optional_cord" ), "125");
+
+      // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_int32"   ), 201 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_int64"   ), 202L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint32"  ), 203 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint64"  ), 204L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint32"  ), 205 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint64"  ), 206L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed32" ), 207 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed64" ), 208L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed32"), 209 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed64"), 210L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_float"   ), 211F);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_double"  ), 212D);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_bool"    ), true);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"  ), "215");
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"   ), toBytes("216"));
+
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeatedgroup"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeatedgroup"))
+               .setField(repeatedGroupA, 217).build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_nested_message"))
+               .setField(nestedB, 218).build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_message"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_foreign_message"))
+               .setField(foreignC, 219).build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_message"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_import_message"))
+               .setField(importD, 220).build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_lazy_message"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_lazy_message"))
+               .setField(nestedB, 227).build());
+
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum" ),  nestedBar);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_enum"), foreignBar);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_enum" ),  importBar);
+
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_string_piece" ), "224");
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_cord" ), "225");
+
+      // Add a second one of each field.
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_int32"   ), 301 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_int64"   ), 302L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint32"  ), 303 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint64"  ), 304L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint32"  ), 305 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint64"  ), 306L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed32" ), 307 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed64" ), 308L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed32"), 309 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed64"), 310L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_float"   ), 311F);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_double"  ), 312D);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_bool"    ), false);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"  ), "315");
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"   ), toBytes("316"));
+
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeatedgroup"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeatedgroup"))
+               .setField(repeatedGroupA, 317).build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_nested_message"))
+               .setField(nestedB, 318).build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_message"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_foreign_message"))
+               .setField(foreignC, 319).build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_message"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_import_message"))
+               .setField(importD, 320).build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_lazy_message"),
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_lazy_message"))
+               .setField(nestedB, 327).build());
+
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum" ),  nestedBaz);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_enum"), foreignBaz);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_enum" ),  importBaz);
+
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_string_piece" ), "324");
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_cord" ), "325");
+
+      // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+      message.setField(f("default_int32"   ), 401 );
+      message.setField(f("default_int64"   ), 402L);
+      message.setField(f("default_uint32"  ), 403 );
+      message.setField(f("default_uint64"  ), 404L);
+      message.setField(f("default_sint32"  ), 405 );
+      message.setField(f("default_sint64"  ), 406L);
+      message.setField(f("default_fixed32" ), 407 );
+      message.setField(f("default_fixed64" ), 408L);
+      message.setField(f("default_sfixed32"), 409 );
+      message.setField(f("default_sfixed64"), 410L);
+      message.setField(f("default_float"   ), 411F);
+      message.setField(f("default_double"  ), 412D);
+      message.setField(f("default_bool"    ), false);
+      message.setField(f("default_string"  ), "415");
+      message.setField(f("default_bytes"   ), toBytes("416"));
+
+      message.setField(f("default_nested_enum" ),  nestedFoo);
+      message.setField(f("default_foreign_enum"), foreignFoo);
+      message.setField(f("default_import_enum" ),  importFoo);
+
+      message.setField(f("default_string_piece" ), "424");
+      message.setField(f("default_cord" ), "425");
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Modify the repeated fields of {@code message} to contain the values
+     * expected by {@code assertRepeatedFieldsModified()}, using the
+     * {@link Message.Builder} reflection interface.
+     */
+    void modifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(Message.Builder message) {
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_int32"   ), 1, 501 );
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_int64"   ), 1, 502L);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint32"  ), 1, 503 );
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint64"  ), 1, 504L);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint32"  ), 1, 505 );
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint64"  ), 1, 506L);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed32" ), 1, 507 );
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed64" ), 1, 508L);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed32"), 1, 509 );
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed64"), 1, 510L);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_float"   ), 1, 511F);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_double"  ), 1, 512D);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_bool"    ), 1, true);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"  ), 1, "515");
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"   ), 1, toBytes("516"));
+
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeatedgroup"), 1,
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeatedgroup"))
+               .setField(repeatedGroupA, 517).build());
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"), 1,
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_nested_message"))
+               .setField(nestedB, 518).build());
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_message"), 1,
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_foreign_message"))
+               .setField(foreignC, 519).build());
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_message"), 1,
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_import_message"))
+               .setField(importD, 520).build());
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_lazy_message"), 1,
+        newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_lazy_message"))
+               .setField(nestedB, 527).build());
+
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum" ), 1,  nestedFoo);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_enum"), 1, foreignFoo);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_enum" ), 1,  importFoo);
+
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_string_piece"), 1, "524");
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_cord"), 1, "525");
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all fields of
+     * {@code message} are set to the values assigned by {@code setAllFields},
+     * using the {@link Message} reflection interface.
+     */
+    public void assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(MessageOrBuilder message) {
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_int32"   )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_int64"   )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_uint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_uint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_sint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_sint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_fixed32" )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_fixed64" )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_float"   )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_double"  )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_bool"    )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_string"  )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_bytes"   )));
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optionalgroup"           )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_nested_message" )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_foreign_message")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_import_message" )));
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optionalgroup"))).hasField(groupA));
+      Assert.assertTrue(
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_nested_message")))
+                         .hasField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertTrue(
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_foreign_message")))
+                         .hasField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertTrue(
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_import_message")))
+                         .hasField(importD));
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_nested_enum" )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_import_enum" )));
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_cord")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(101  , message.getField(f("optional_int32"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(102L , message.getField(f("optional_int64"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(103  , message.getField(f("optional_uint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(104L , message.getField(f("optional_uint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(105  , message.getField(f("optional_sint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(106L , message.getField(f("optional_sint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(107  , message.getField(f("optional_fixed32" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(108L , message.getField(f("optional_fixed64" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(109  , message.getField(f("optional_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(110L , message.getField(f("optional_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(111F , message.getField(f("optional_float"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(112D , message.getField(f("optional_double"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(true , message.getField(f("optional_bool"    )));
+      Assert.assertEquals("115", message.getField(f("optional_string"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("116"), message.getField(f("optional_bytes")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(117,
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optionalgroup"))).getField(groupA));
+      Assert.assertEquals(118,
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_nested_message")))
+                         .getField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertEquals(119,
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_foreign_message")))
+                         .getField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertEquals(120,
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_import_message")))
+                         .getField(importD));
+      Assert.assertEquals(126,
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_public_import_message")))
+                         .getField(importE));
+      Assert.assertEquals(127,
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_lazy_message")))
+                         .getField(nestedB));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals( nestedBaz, message.getField(f("optional_nested_enum" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignBaz, message.getField(f("optional_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals( importBaz, message.getField(f("optional_import_enum" )));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("124", message.getField(f("optional_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertEquals("125", message.getField(f("optional_cord")));
+
+      // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_int32"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_int64"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_uint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_uint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_fixed32" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_fixed64" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_float"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_double"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_bool"    )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_string"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_bytes"   )));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeatedgroup"           )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_nested_message" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_foreign_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_import_message" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_lazy_message" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_nested_enum"    )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_foreign_enum"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_import_enum"    )));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_cord")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(201  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int32"   ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(202L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int64"   ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(203  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint32"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(204L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint64"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(205  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint32"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(206L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint64"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(207  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed32" ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(208L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed64" ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(209  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(210L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(211F , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_float"   ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(212D , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_double"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(true , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bool"    ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals("215", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("216"), message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), 0));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(217,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeatedgroup"), 0))
+                         .getField(repeatedGroupA));
+      Assert.assertEquals(218,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"), 0))
+                         .getField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertEquals(219,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_message"), 0))
+                         .getField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertEquals(220,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_message"), 0))
+                         .getField(importD));
+      Assert.assertEquals(227,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_lazy_message"), 0))
+                         .getField(nestedB));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals( nestedBar, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum" ),0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignBar, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_enum"),0));
+      Assert.assertEquals( importBar, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_enum" ),0));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("224", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string_piece"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals("225", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_cord"), 0));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(301  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int32"   ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(302L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int64"   ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(303  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint32"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(304L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint64"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(305  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint32"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(306L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint64"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(307  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed32" ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(308L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed64" ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(309  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(310L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(311F , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_float"   ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(312D , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_double"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bool"    ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals("315", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("316"), message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), 1));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(317,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeatedgroup"), 1))
+                         .getField(repeatedGroupA));
+      Assert.assertEquals(318,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"), 1))
+                         .getField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertEquals(319,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_message"), 1))
+                         .getField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertEquals(320,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_message"), 1))
+                         .getField(importD));
+      Assert.assertEquals(327,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_lazy_message"), 1))
+                         .getField(nestedB));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals( nestedBaz, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum" ),1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignBaz, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_enum"),1));
+      Assert.assertEquals( importBaz, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_enum" ),1));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("324", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string_piece"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals("325", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_cord"), 1));
+
+      // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_int32"   )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_int64"   )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_uint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_uint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_sint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_sint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_fixed32" )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_fixed64" )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_float"   )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_double"  )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_bool"    )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_string"  )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_bytes"   )));
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_nested_enum" )));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_import_enum" )));
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_cord")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(401  , message.getField(f("default_int32"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(402L , message.getField(f("default_int64"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(403  , message.getField(f("default_uint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(404L , message.getField(f("default_uint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(405  , message.getField(f("default_sint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(406L , message.getField(f("default_sint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(407  , message.getField(f("default_fixed32" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(408L , message.getField(f("default_fixed64" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(409  , message.getField(f("default_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(410L , message.getField(f("default_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(411F , message.getField(f("default_float"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(412D , message.getField(f("default_double"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getField(f("default_bool"    )));
+      Assert.assertEquals("415", message.getField(f("default_string"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("416"), message.getField(f("default_bytes")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals( nestedFoo, message.getField(f("default_nested_enum" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignFoo, message.getField(f("default_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals( importFoo, message.getField(f("default_import_enum" )));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("424", message.getField(f("default_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertEquals("425", message.getField(f("default_cord")));
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all fields of
+     * {@code message} are cleared, and that getting the fields returns their
+     * default values, using the {@link Message} reflection interface.
+     */
+    public void assertClearViaReflection(MessageOrBuilder message) {
+      // has_blah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_int32"   )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_int64"   )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_uint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_uint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_sint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_sint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_fixed32" )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_fixed64" )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_float"   )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_double"  )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_bool"    )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_string"  )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_bytes"   )));
+
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optionalgroup"           )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_nested_message" )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_foreign_message")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_import_message" )));
+
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_nested_enum" )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_import_enum" )));
+
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_cord")));
+
+      // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+      Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getField(f("optional_int32"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0L   , message.getField(f("optional_int64"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getField(f("optional_uint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0L   , message.getField(f("optional_uint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getField(f("optional_sint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0L   , message.getField(f("optional_sint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getField(f("optional_fixed32" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0L   , message.getField(f("optional_fixed64" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0    , message.getField(f("optional_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0L   , message.getField(f("optional_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0F   , message.getField(f("optional_float"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0D   , message.getField(f("optional_double"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getField(f("optional_bool"    )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(""   , message.getField(f("optional_string"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getField(f("optional_bytes")));
+
+      // Embedded messages should also be clear.
+      Assert.assertFalse(
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optionalgroup"))).hasField(groupA));
+      Assert.assertFalse(
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_nested_message")))
+                         .hasField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertFalse(
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_foreign_message")))
+                         .hasField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertFalse(
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_import_message")))
+                         .hasField(importD));
+      Assert.assertFalse(
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_public_import_message")))
+                         .hasField(importE));
+      Assert.assertFalse(
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_lazy_message")))
+                         .hasField(nestedB));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(0,
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optionalgroup"))).getField(groupA));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0,
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_nested_message")))
+                         .getField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0,
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_foreign_message")))
+                         .getField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0,
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_import_message")))
+                         .getField(importD));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0,
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_public_import_message")))
+                         .getField(importE));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0,
+        ((Message)message.getField(f("optional_lazy_message")))
+                         .getField(nestedB));
+
+      // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+      Assert.assertEquals( nestedFoo, message.getField(f("optional_nested_enum" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignFoo, message.getField(f("optional_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals( importFoo, message.getField(f("optional_import_enum" )));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("", message.getField(f("optional_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertEquals("", message.getField(f("optional_cord")));
+
+      // Repeated fields are empty.
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_int32"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_int64"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_uint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_uint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_fixed32" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_fixed64" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_float"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_double"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_bool"    )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_string"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_bytes"   )));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeatedgroup"           )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_nested_message" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_foreign_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_import_message" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_lazy_message"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_nested_enum"    )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_foreign_enum"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_import_enum"    )));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_cord")));
+
+      // has_blah() should also be false for all default fields.
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_int32"   )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_int64"   )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_uint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_uint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_sint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_sint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_fixed32" )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_fixed64" )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_float"   )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_double"  )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_bool"    )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_string"  )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_bytes"   )));
+
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_nested_enum" )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_import_enum" )));
+
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_string_piece" )));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_cord" )));
+
+      // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+      Assert.assertEquals( 41    , message.getField(f("default_int32"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals( 42L   , message.getField(f("default_int64"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals( 43    , message.getField(f("default_uint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals( 44L   , message.getField(f("default_uint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(-45    , message.getField(f("default_sint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals( 46L   , message.getField(f("default_sint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals( 47    , message.getField(f("default_fixed32" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals( 48L   , message.getField(f("default_fixed64" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals( 49    , message.getField(f("default_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(-50L   , message.getField(f("default_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals( 51.5F , message.getField(f("default_float"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals( 52e3D , message.getField(f("default_double"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(true   , message.getField(f("default_bool"    )));
+      Assert.assertEquals("hello", message.getField(f("default_string"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("world"), message.getField(f("default_bytes")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals( nestedBar, message.getField(f("default_nested_enum" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignBar, message.getField(f("default_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals( importBar, message.getField(f("default_import_enum" )));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("abc", message.getField(f("default_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertEquals("123", message.getField(f("default_cord")));
+    }
+
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    public void assertRepeatedFieldsModifiedViaReflection(
+        MessageOrBuilder message) {
+      // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
+      // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
+      // element and size were *not* modified.
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_int32"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_int64"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_uint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_uint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_fixed32" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_fixed64" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_float"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_double"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_bool"    )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_string"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_bytes"   )));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeatedgroup"           )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_nested_message" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_foreign_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_import_message" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_lazy_message"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_nested_enum"    )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_foreign_enum"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_import_enum"    )));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_cord")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(201  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int32"   ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(202L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int64"   ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(203  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint32"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(204L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint64"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(205  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint32"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(206L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint64"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(207  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed32" ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(208L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed64" ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(209  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(210L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(211F , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_float"   ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(212D , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_double"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(true , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bool"    ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals("215", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("216"), message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), 0));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(217,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeatedgroup"), 0))
+                         .getField(repeatedGroupA));
+      Assert.assertEquals(218,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"), 0))
+                         .getField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertEquals(219,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_message"), 0))
+                         .getField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertEquals(220,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_message"), 0))
+                         .getField(importD));
+      Assert.assertEquals(227,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_lazy_message"), 0))
+                         .getField(nestedB));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals( nestedBar, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum" ),0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignBar, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_enum"),0));
+      Assert.assertEquals( importBar, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_enum" ),0));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("224", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string_piece"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals("225", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_cord"), 0));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(501  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int32"   ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(502L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int64"   ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(503  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint32"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(504L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint64"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(505  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint32"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(506L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint64"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(507  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed32" ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(508L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed64" ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(509  , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(510L , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(511F , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_float"   ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(512D , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_double"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(true , message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bool"    ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals("515", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("516"), message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), 1));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(517,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeatedgroup"), 1))
+                         .getField(repeatedGroupA));
+      Assert.assertEquals(518,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"), 1))
+                         .getField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertEquals(519,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_message"), 1))
+                         .getField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertEquals(520,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_message"), 1))
+                         .getField(importD));
+      Assert.assertEquals(527,
+        ((Message)message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_lazy_message"), 1))
+                         .getField(nestedB));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals( nestedFoo, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum" ),1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignFoo, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_enum"),1));
+      Assert.assertEquals( importFoo, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_enum" ),1));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("524", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string_piece"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals("525", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_cord"), 1));
+    }
+
+    public void setPackedFieldsViaReflection(Message.Builder message) {
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_int32"   ), 601 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_int64"   ), 602L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_uint32"  ), 603 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_uint64"  ), 604L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sint32"  ), 605 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sint64"  ), 606L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed32" ), 607 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed64" ), 608L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed32"), 609 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed64"), 610L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_float"   ), 611F);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_double"  ), 612D);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_bool"    ), true);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_enum" ),  foreignBar);
+      // Add a second one of each field.
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_int32"   ), 701 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_int64"   ), 702L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_uint32"  ), 703 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_uint64"  ), 704L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sint32"  ), 705 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sint64"  ), 706L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed32" ), 707 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed64" ), 708L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed32"), 709 );
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed64"), 710L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_float"   ), 711F);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_double"  ), 712D);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_bool"    ), false);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_enum" ),  foreignBaz);
+    }
+
+    public void assertPackedFieldsSetViaReflection(MessageOrBuilder message) {
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_int32"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_int64"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_uint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_uint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_sint32"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_sint64"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_fixed32" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_fixed64" )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_float"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_double"  )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_bool"    )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_enum"   )));
+      Assert.assertEquals(601  , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_int32"   ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(602L , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_int64"   ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(603  , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_uint32"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(604L , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_uint64"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(605  , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sint32"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(606L , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sint64"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(607  , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed32" ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(608L , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed64" ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(609  , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(610L , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(611F , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_float"   ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(612D , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_double"  ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(true , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_bool"    ), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignBar, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_enum" ),0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(701  , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_int32"   ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(702L , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_int64"   ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(703  , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_uint32"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(704L , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_uint64"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(705  , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sint32"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(706L , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sint64"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(707  , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed32" ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(708L , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed64" ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(709  , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(710L , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(711F , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_float"   ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(712D , message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_double"  ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_bool"    ), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignBaz, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_enum" ),1));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that the reflection setters for the given.Builder object throw a
+     * NullPointerException if they are passed a null value.  Uses Assert to throw an
+     * appropriate assertion failure, if the condition is not verified.
+     */
+    public void assertReflectionSettersRejectNull(Message.Builder builder)
+        throws Exception {
+      try {
+        builder.setField(f("optional_string"), null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+      try {
+        builder.setField(f("optional_bytes"), null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+      try {
+        builder.setField(f("optional_nested_enum"), null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+      try {
+        builder.setField(f("optional_nested_message"),
+                         (TestAllTypes.NestedMessage) null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+      try {
+        builder.setField(f("optional_nested_message"),
+                         (TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.Builder) null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+
+      try {
+        builder.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"), null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+      try {
+        builder.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+      try {
+        builder.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum"), null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+      try {
+        builder.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"), null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that the reflection repeated setters for the given Builder object throw a
+     * NullPointerException if they are passed a null value.  Uses Assert to throw an appropriate
+     * assertion failure, if the condition is not verified.
+     */
+    public void assertReflectionRepeatedSettersRejectNull(Message.Builder builder)
+        throws Exception {
+      builder.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"), "one");
+      try {
+        builder.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"), 0, null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+
+      builder.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), toBytes("one"));
+      try {
+        builder.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), 0, null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+
+      builder.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum"), nestedBaz);
+      try {
+        builder.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum"), 0, null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+
+      builder.addRepeatedField(
+          f("repeated_nested_message"),
+          TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(218).build());
+      try {
+        builder.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"), 0, null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param filePath The path relative to
+   * {@link #getTestDataDir}.
+   */
+  public static String readTextFromFile(String filePath) {
+    return readBytesFromFile(filePath).toStringUtf8();
+  }
+
+  private static File getTestDataDir() {
+    // Search each parent directory looking for "src/google/protobuf".
+    File ancestor = new File(".");
+    try {
+      ancestor = ancestor.getCanonicalFile();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+        "Couldn't get canonical name of working directory.", e);
+    }
+    while (ancestor != null && ancestor.exists()) {
+      if (new File(ancestor, "src/google/protobuf").exists()) {
+        return new File(ancestor, "src/google/protobuf/testdata");
+      }
+      ancestor = ancestor.getParentFile();
+    }
+
+    throw new RuntimeException(
+      "Could not find golden files.  This test must be run from within the " +
+      "protobuf source package so that it can read test data files from the " +
+      "C++ source tree: " + new File(".").getAbsolutePath());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param filename The path relative to
+   * {@link #getTestDataDir}.
+   */
+  public static ByteString readBytesFromFile(String filename) {
+    File fullPath = new File(getTestDataDir(), filename);
+    try {
+      RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile(fullPath, "r");
+      byte[] content = new byte[(int) file.length()];
+      file.readFully(content);
+      return ByteString.copyFrom(content);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // Throw a RuntimeException here so that we can call this function from
+      // static initializers.
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+        "Couldn't read file: " + fullPath.getPath(), e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the bytes of the "golden message".  This is a serialized TestAllTypes
+   * with all fields set as they would be by
+   * {@link #setAllFields(TestAllTypes.Builder)}, but it is loaded from a file
+   * on disk rather than generated dynamically.  The file is actually generated
+   * by C++ code, so testing against it verifies compatibility with C++.
+   */
+  public static ByteString getGoldenMessage() {
+    if (goldenMessage == null) {
+      goldenMessage = readBytesFromFile("golden_message");
+    }
+    return goldenMessage;
+  }
+  private static ByteString goldenMessage = null;
+
+  /**
+   * Get the bytes of the "golden packed fields message".  This is a serialized
+   * TestPackedTypes with all fields set as they would be by
+   * {@link #setPackedFields(TestPackedTypes.Builder)}, but it is loaded from a
+   * file on disk rather than generated dynamically.  The file is actually
+   * generated by C++ code, so testing against it verifies compatibility with
+   * C++.
+   */
+  public static ByteString getGoldenPackedFieldsMessage() {
+    if (goldenPackedFieldsMessage == null) {
+      goldenPackedFieldsMessage =
+          readBytesFromFile("golden_packed_fields_message");
+    }
+    return goldenPackedFieldsMessage;
+  }
+  private static ByteString goldenPackedFieldsMessage = null;
+
+  public static abstract class HackMessage extends GeneratedMessage {
+    public interface MyInterface extends BuilderParent {
+    }
+  }
+  /**
+   * Mock implementation of {@link GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent} for testing.
+   *
+   * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+   */
+  public static class MockBuilderParent
+      implements HackMessage.MyInterface {
+
+    private int invalidations;
+
+    //@Override (Java 1.6 override semantics, but we must support 1.5)
+    public void markDirty() {
+      invalidations++;
+    }
+
+    public int getInvalidationCount() {
+      return invalidations;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/TextFormatTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/TextFormatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..edcc8908a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/TextFormatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,536 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.TestMessageSet;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.TestMessageSetExtension1;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.TestMessageSetExtension2;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.OneString;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.io.StringReader;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link TextFormat}.
+ *
+ * TODO(wenboz): ExtensionTest and rest of text_format_unittest.cc.
+ *
+ * @author wenboz@google.com (Wenbo Zhu)
+ */
+public class TextFormatTest extends TestCase {
+
+  // A basic string with different escapable characters for testing.
+  private final static String kEscapeTestString =
+      "\"A string with ' characters \n and \r newlines and \t tabs and \001 "
+          + "slashes \\";
+
+  // A representation of the above string with all the characters escaped.
+  private final static String kEscapeTestStringEscaped =
+      "\\\"A string with \\' characters \\n and \\r newlines "
+          + "and \\t tabs and \\001 slashes \\\\";
+
+  private static String allFieldsSetText = TestUtil.readTextFromFile(
+    "text_format_unittest_data.txt");
+  private static String allExtensionsSetText = TestUtil.readTextFromFile(
+    "text_format_unittest_extensions_data.txt");
+
+  private static String exoticText =
+    "repeated_int32: -1\n" +
+    "repeated_int32: -2147483648\n" +
+    "repeated_int64: -1\n" +
+    "repeated_int64: -9223372036854775808\n" +
+    "repeated_uint32: 4294967295\n" +
+    "repeated_uint32: 2147483648\n" +
+    "repeated_uint64: 18446744073709551615\n" +
+    "repeated_uint64: 9223372036854775808\n" +
+    "repeated_double: 123.0\n" +
+    "repeated_double: 123.5\n" +
+    "repeated_double: 0.125\n" +
+    "repeated_double: .125\n" +
+    "repeated_double: -.125\n" +
+    "repeated_double: 1.23E17\n" +
+    "repeated_double: 1.23E+17\n" +
+    "repeated_double: -1.23e-17\n" +
+    "repeated_double: .23e+17\n" +
+    "repeated_double: -.23E17\n" +
+    "repeated_double: 1.235E22\n" +
+    "repeated_double: 1.235E-18\n" +
+    "repeated_double: 123.456789\n" +
+    "repeated_double: Infinity\n" +
+    "repeated_double: -Infinity\n" +
+    "repeated_double: NaN\n" +
+    "repeated_string: \"\\000\\001\\a\\b\\f\\n\\r\\t\\v\\\\\\'\\\"" +
+      "\\341\\210\\264\"\n" +
+    "repeated_bytes: \"\\000\\001\\a\\b\\f\\n\\r\\t\\v\\\\\\'\\\"\\376\"\n";
+
+  private static String canonicalExoticText =
+      exoticText.replace(": .", ": 0.").replace(": -.", ": -0.")   // short-form double
+      .replace("23e", "23E").replace("E+", "E").replace("0.23E17", "2.3E16");
+
+  private String messageSetText =
+    "[protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1] {\n" +
+    "  i: 123\n" +
+    "}\n" +
+    "[protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension2] {\n" +
+    "  str: \"foo\"\n" +
+    "}\n";
+
+  /** Print TestAllTypes and compare with golden file. */
+  public void testPrintMessage() throws Exception {
+    String javaText = TextFormat.printToString(TestUtil.getAllSet());
+
+    // Java likes to add a trailing ".0" to floats and doubles.  C printf
+    // (with %g format) does not.  Our golden files are used for both
+    // C++ and Java TextFormat classes, so we need to conform.
+    javaText = javaText.replace(".0\n", "\n");
+
+    assertEquals(allFieldsSetText, javaText);
+  }
+
+  /** Print TestAllTypes as Builder and compare with golden file. */
+  public void testPrintMessageBuilder() throws Exception {
+    String javaText = TextFormat.printToString(TestUtil.getAllSetBuilder());
+
+    // Java likes to add a trailing ".0" to floats and doubles.  C printf
+    // (with %g format) does not.  Our golden files are used for both
+    // C++ and Java TextFormat classes, so we need to conform.
+    javaText = javaText.replace(".0\n", "\n");
+
+    assertEquals(allFieldsSetText, javaText);
+  }
+
+  /** Print TestAllExtensions and compare with golden file. */
+  public void testPrintExtensions() throws Exception {
+    String javaText = TextFormat.printToString(TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet());
+
+    // Java likes to add a trailing ".0" to floats and doubles.  C printf
+    // (with %g format) does not.  Our golden files are used for both
+    // C++ and Java TextFormat classes, so we need to conform.
+    javaText = javaText.replace(".0\n", "\n");
+
+    assertEquals(allExtensionsSetText, javaText);
+  }
+
+  // Creates an example unknown field set.
+  private UnknownFieldSet makeUnknownFieldSet() {
+    return UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+        .addField(5,
+            UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+            .addVarint(1)
+            .addFixed32(2)
+            .addFixed64(3)
+            .addLengthDelimited(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("4"))
+            .addGroup(
+                UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+                .addField(10,
+                    UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+                    .addVarint(5)
+                    .build())
+                .build())
+            .build())
+        .addField(8,
+            UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+            .addVarint(1)
+            .addVarint(2)
+            .addVarint(3)
+            .build())
+        .addField(15,
+            UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+            .addVarint(0xABCDEF1234567890L)
+            .addFixed32(0xABCD1234)
+            .addFixed64(0xABCDEF1234567890L)
+            .build())
+        .build();
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintUnknownFields() throws Exception {
+    // Test printing of unknown fields in a message.
+
+    TestEmptyMessage message =
+      TestEmptyMessage.newBuilder()
+        .setUnknownFields(makeUnknownFieldSet())
+        .build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+      "5: 1\n" +
+      "5: 0x00000002\n" +
+      "5: 0x0000000000000003\n" +
+      "5: \"4\"\n" +
+      "5 {\n" +
+      "  10: 5\n" +
+      "}\n" +
+      "8: 1\n" +
+      "8: 2\n" +
+      "8: 3\n" +
+      "15: 12379813812177893520\n" +
+      "15: 0xabcd1234\n" +
+      "15: 0xabcdef1234567890\n",
+      TextFormat.printToString(message));
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintField() throws Exception {
+    final FieldDescriptor dataField =
+      OneString.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("data");
+    assertEquals(
+      "data: \"test data\"\n",
+      TextFormat.printFieldToString(dataField, "test data"));
+
+    final FieldDescriptor optionalField =
+      TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+    final Object value = NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(42).build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+      "optional_nested_message {\n  bb: 42\n}\n",
+      TextFormat.printFieldToString(optionalField, value));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper to construct a ByteString from a String containing only 8-bit
+   * characters.  The characters are converted directly to bytes, *not*
+   * encoded using UTF-8.
+   */
+  private ByteString bytes(String str) throws Exception {
+    return ByteString.copyFrom(str.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper to construct a ByteString from a bunch of bytes.  The inputs are
+   * actually ints so that I can use hex notation and not get stupid errors
+   * about precision.
+   */
+  private ByteString bytes(int... bytesAsInts) {
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesAsInts.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytesAsInts.length; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = (byte) bytesAsInts[i];
+    }
+    return ByteString.copyFrom(bytes);
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintExotic() throws Exception {
+    Message message = TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+      // Signed vs. unsigned numbers.
+      .addRepeatedInt32 (-1)
+      .addRepeatedUint32(-1)
+      .addRepeatedInt64 (-1)
+      .addRepeatedUint64(-1)
+
+      .addRepeatedInt32 (1  << 31)
+      .addRepeatedUint32(1  << 31)
+      .addRepeatedInt64 (1l << 63)
+      .addRepeatedUint64(1l << 63)
+
+      // Floats of various precisions and exponents.
+      .addRepeatedDouble(123)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(123.5)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(0.125)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(.125)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(-.125)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(123e15)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(123e15)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(-1.23e-17)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(.23e17)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(-23e15)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(123.5e20)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(123.5e-20)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(123.456789)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY)
+      .addRepeatedDouble(Double.NaN)
+
+      // Strings and bytes that needing escaping.
+      .addRepeatedString("\0\001\007\b\f\n\r\t\013\\\'\"\u1234")
+      .addRepeatedBytes(bytes("\0\001\007\b\f\n\r\t\013\\\'\"\u00fe"))
+      .build();
+
+    assertEquals(canonicalExoticText, message.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintMessageSet() throws Exception {
+    TestMessageSet messageSet =
+      TestMessageSet.newBuilder()
+        .setExtension(
+          TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension,
+          TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder().setI(123).build())
+        .setExtension(
+          TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension,
+          TestMessageSetExtension2.newBuilder().setStr("foo").build())
+        .build();
+
+    assertEquals(messageSetText, messageSet.toString());
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  public void testParse() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(allFieldsSetText, builder);
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseReader() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(new StringReader(allFieldsSetText), builder);
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseExtensions() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(allExtensionsSetText,
+                     TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry(),
+                     builder);
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseCompatibility() throws Exception {
+    String original = "repeated_float: inf\n" +
+                      "repeated_float: -inf\n" +
+                      "repeated_float: nan\n" +
+                      "repeated_float: inff\n" +
+                      "repeated_float: -inff\n" +
+                      "repeated_float: nanf\n" +
+                      "repeated_float: 1.0f\n" +
+                      "repeated_float: infinityf\n" +
+                      "repeated_float: -Infinityf\n" +
+                      "repeated_double: infinity\n" +
+                      "repeated_double: -infinity\n" +
+                      "repeated_double: nan\n";
+    String canonical =  "repeated_float: Infinity\n" +
+                        "repeated_float: -Infinity\n" +
+                        "repeated_float: NaN\n" +
+                        "repeated_float: Infinity\n" +
+                        "repeated_float: -Infinity\n" +
+                        "repeated_float: NaN\n" +
+                        "repeated_float: 1.0\n" +
+                        "repeated_float: Infinity\n" +
+                        "repeated_float: -Infinity\n" +
+                        "repeated_double: Infinity\n" +
+                        "repeated_double: -Infinity\n" +
+                        "repeated_double: NaN\n";
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(original, builder);
+    assertEquals(canonical, builder.build().toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseExotic() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(exoticText, builder);
+
+    // Too lazy to check things individually.  Don't try to debug this
+    // if testPrintExotic() is failing.
+    assertEquals(canonicalExoticText, builder.build().toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMessageSet() throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension);
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension);
+
+    TestMessageSet.Builder builder = TestMessageSet.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(messageSetText, extensionRegistry, builder);
+    TestMessageSet messageSet = builder.build();
+
+    assertTrue(messageSet.hasExtension(
+      TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension));
+    assertEquals(123, messageSet.getExtension(
+      TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+    assertTrue(messageSet.hasExtension(
+      TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension));
+    assertEquals("foo", messageSet.getExtension(
+      TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension).getStr());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseNumericEnum() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge("optional_nested_enum: 2", builder);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR, builder.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseAngleBrackets() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge("OptionalGroup: < a: 1 >", builder);
+    assertTrue(builder.hasOptionalGroup());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getOptionalGroup().getA());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseComment() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(
+      "# this is a comment\n" +
+      "optional_int32: 1  # another comment\n" +
+      "optional_int64: 2\n" +
+      "# EOF comment", builder);
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(2, builder.getOptionalInt64());
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  public void testParseString() throws Exception {
+    final String zh = "\u9999\u6e2f\u4e0a\u6d77\ud84f\udf80\u8c50\u9280\u884c";
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge("optional_string: \"" + zh + "\"", builder);
+    assertEquals(zh, builder.getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseLongString() throws Exception {
+    String longText =
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890" +
+      "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890";
+
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge("optional_string: \"" + longText + "\"", builder);
+    assertEquals(longText, builder.getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseBoolean() throws Exception {
+    String goodText =
+        "repeated_bool: t  repeated_bool : 0\n" +
+        "repeated_bool :f repeated_bool:1";
+    String goodTextCanonical =
+        "repeated_bool: true\n" +
+        "repeated_bool: false\n" +
+        "repeated_bool: false\n" +
+        "repeated_bool: true\n";
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(goodText, builder);
+    assertEquals(goodTextCanonical, builder.build().toString());
+
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.Builder badBuilder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+      TextFormat.merge("optional_bool:2", badBuilder);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (TextFormat.ParseException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.Builder badBuilder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+      TextFormat.merge("optional_bool: foo", badBuilder);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (TextFormat.ParseException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseAdjacentStringLiterals() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge("optional_string: \"foo\" 'corge' \"grault\"", builder);
+    assertEquals("foocorgegrault", builder.getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintFieldValue() throws Exception {
+    assertPrintFieldValue("\"Hello\"", "Hello", "repeated_string");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("123.0",  123f, "repeated_float");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("123.0",  123d, "repeated_double");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("123",  123, "repeated_int32");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("123",  123L, "repeated_int64");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("true",  true, "repeated_bool");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("4294967295", 0xFFFFFFFF, "repeated_uint32");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("18446744073709551615",  0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL,
+        "repeated_uint64");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("\"\\001\\002\\003\"",
+        ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {1, 2, 3}), "repeated_bytes");
+  }
+
+  private void assertPrintFieldValue(String expect, Object value,
+      String fieldName) throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    TextFormat.printFieldValue(
+        TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName(fieldName),
+        value, sb);
+    assertEquals(expect, sb.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testShortDebugString() {
+    assertEquals("optional_nested_message { bb: 42 } repeated_int32: 1"
+        + " repeated_uint32: 2",
+        TextFormat.shortDebugString(TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .addRepeatedInt32(1)
+            .addRepeatedUint32(2)
+            .setOptionalNestedMessage(
+                NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(42).build())
+            .build()));
+  }
+
+  public void testShortDebugString_unknown() {
+    assertEquals("5: 1 5: 0x00000002 5: 0x0000000000000003 5: \"4\" 5 { 10: 5 }"
+        + " 8: 1 8: 2 8: 3 15: 12379813812177893520 15: 0xabcd1234 15:"
+        + " 0xabcdef1234567890",
+        TextFormat.shortDebugString(makeUnknownFieldSet()));
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintToUnicodeString() {
+    assertEquals(
+        "optional_string: \"abc\u3042efg\"\n" +
+        "optional_bytes: \"\\343\\201\\202\"\n" +
+        "repeated_string: \"\u3093XYZ\"\n",
+        TextFormat.printToUnicodeString(TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalString("abc\u3042efg")
+            .setOptionalBytes(bytes(0xe3, 0x81, 0x82))
+            .addRepeatedString("\u3093XYZ")
+            .build()));
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintToUnicodeString_unknown() {
+    assertEquals(
+        "1: \"\\343\\201\\202\"\n",
+        TextFormat.printToUnicodeString(UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+            .addField(1,
+                UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+                .addLengthDelimited(bytes(0xe3, 0x81, 0x82)).build())
+            .build()));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/UnknownFieldSetTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/UnknownFieldSetTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9bfb691b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/UnknownFieldSetTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Tests related to unknown field handling.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+ */
+public class UnknownFieldSetTest extends TestCase {
+  public void setUp() throws Exception {
+    descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    allFields = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    allFieldsData = allFields.toByteString();
+    emptyMessage = TestEmptyMessage.parseFrom(allFieldsData);
+    unknownFields = emptyMessage.getUnknownFields();
+  }
+
+  UnknownFieldSet.Field getField(String name) {
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field = descriptor.findFieldByName(name);
+    assertNotNull(field);
+    return unknownFields.getField(field.getNumber());
+  }
+
+  // Constructs a protocol buffer which contains fields with all the same
+  // numbers as allFieldsData except that each field is some other wire
+  // type.
+  ByteString getBizarroData() throws Exception {
+    UnknownFieldSet.Builder bizarroFields = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field varintField =
+      UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(1).build();
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field fixed32Field =
+      UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addFixed32(1).build();
+
+    for (Map.Entry<Integer, UnknownFieldSet.Field> entry :
+         unknownFields.asMap().entrySet()) {
+      if (entry.getValue().getVarintList().isEmpty()) {
+        // Original field is not a varint, so use a varint.
+        bizarroFields.addField(entry.getKey(), varintField);
+      } else {
+        // Original field *is* a varint, so use something else.
+        bizarroFields.addField(entry.getKey(), fixed32Field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return bizarroFields.build().toByteString();
+  }
+
+  Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor;
+  TestAllTypes allFields;
+  ByteString allFieldsData;
+
+  // An empty message that has been parsed from allFieldsData.  So, it has
+  // unknown fields of every type.
+  TestEmptyMessage emptyMessage;
+  UnknownFieldSet unknownFields;
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  public void testVarint() throws Exception {
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = getField("optional_int32");
+    assertEquals(1, field.getVarintList().size());
+    assertEquals(allFields.getOptionalInt32(),
+                 (long) field.getVarintList().get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testFixed32() throws Exception {
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = getField("optional_fixed32");
+    assertEquals(1, field.getFixed32List().size());
+    assertEquals(allFields.getOptionalFixed32(),
+                 (int) field.getFixed32List().get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testFixed64() throws Exception {
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = getField("optional_fixed64");
+    assertEquals(1, field.getFixed64List().size());
+    assertEquals(allFields.getOptionalFixed64(),
+                 (long) field.getFixed64List().get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testLengthDelimited() throws Exception {
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = getField("optional_bytes");
+    assertEquals(1, field.getLengthDelimitedList().size());
+    assertEquals(allFields.getOptionalBytes(),
+                 field.getLengthDelimitedList().get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testGroup() throws Exception {
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor nestedFieldDescriptor =
+      TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("a");
+    assertNotNull(nestedFieldDescriptor);
+
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = getField("optionalgroup");
+    assertEquals(1, field.getGroupList().size());
+
+    UnknownFieldSet group = field.getGroupList().get(0);
+    assertEquals(1, group.asMap().size());
+    assertTrue(group.hasField(nestedFieldDescriptor.getNumber()));
+
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field nestedField =
+      group.getField(nestedFieldDescriptor.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(1, nestedField.getVarintList().size());
+    assertEquals(allFields.getOptionalGroup().getA(),
+                 (long) nestedField.getVarintList().get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testSerialize() throws Exception {
+    // Check that serializing the UnknownFieldSet produces the original data
+    // again.
+    ByteString data = emptyMessage.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(allFieldsData, data);
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom() throws Exception {
+    TestEmptyMessage message =
+      TestEmptyMessage.newBuilder().mergeFrom(emptyMessage).build();
+
+    assertEquals(emptyMessage.toString(), message.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeFrom() throws Exception {
+    TestEmptyMessage source =
+      TestEmptyMessage.newBuilder()
+        .setUnknownFields(
+          UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+            .addField(2,
+              UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+                .addVarint(2).build())
+            .addField(3,
+              UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+                .addVarint(4).build())
+            .build())
+        .build();
+    TestEmptyMessage destination =
+      TestEmptyMessage.newBuilder()
+        .setUnknownFields(
+          UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+            .addField(1,
+              UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+                .addVarint(1).build())
+            .addField(3,
+              UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+                .addVarint(3).build())
+            .build())
+        .mergeFrom(source)
+        .build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+      "1: 1\n" +
+      "2: 2\n" +
+      "3: 3\n" +
+      "3: 4\n",
+      destination.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testClear() throws Exception {
+    UnknownFieldSet fields =
+      UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder().mergeFrom(unknownFields).clear().build();
+    assertTrue(fields.asMap().isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  public void testClearMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestEmptyMessage message =
+      TestEmptyMessage.newBuilder().mergeFrom(emptyMessage).clear().build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseKnownAndUnknown() throws Exception {
+    // Test mixing known and unknown fields when parsing.
+
+    UnknownFieldSet fields =
+      UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder(unknownFields)
+        .addField(123456,
+          UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(654321).build())
+        .build();
+
+    ByteString data = fields.toByteString();
+    TestAllTypes destination = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(data);
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(destination);
+    assertEquals(1, destination.getUnknownFields().asMap().size());
+
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field =
+      destination.getUnknownFields().getField(123456);
+    assertEquals(1, field.getVarintList().size());
+    assertEquals(654321, (long) field.getVarintList().get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testWrongTypeTreatedAsUnknown() throws Exception {
+    // Test that fields of the wrong wire type are treated like unknown fields
+    // when parsing.
+
+    ByteString bizarroData = getBizarroData();
+    TestAllTypes allTypesMessage = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(bizarroData);
+    TestEmptyMessage emptyMessage = TestEmptyMessage.parseFrom(bizarroData);
+
+    // All fields should have been interpreted as unknown, so the debug strings
+    // should be the same.
+    assertEquals(emptyMessage.toString(), allTypesMessage.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // Make sure fields are properly parsed to the UnknownFieldSet even when
+    // they are declared as extension numbers.
+
+    TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions message =
+      TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions.parseFrom(allFieldsData);
+
+    assertEquals(unknownFields.asMap().size(),
+                 message.getUnknownFields().asMap().size());
+    assertEquals(allFieldsData, message.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testWrongExtensionTypeTreatedAsUnknown() throws Exception {
+    // Test that fields of the wrong wire type are treated like unknown fields
+    // when parsing extensions.
+
+    ByteString bizarroData = getBizarroData();
+    TestAllExtensions allExtensionsMessage =
+      TestAllExtensions.parseFrom(bizarroData);
+    TestEmptyMessage emptyMessage = TestEmptyMessage.parseFrom(bizarroData);
+
+    // All fields should have been interpreted as unknown, so the debug strings
+    // should be the same.
+    assertEquals(emptyMessage.toString(),
+                 allExtensionsMessage.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseUnknownEnumValue() throws Exception {
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor singularField =
+      TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor repeatedField =
+      TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("repeated_nested_enum");
+    assertNotNull(singularField);
+    assertNotNull(repeatedField);
+
+    ByteString data =
+      UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+        .addField(singularField.getNumber(),
+          UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+            .addVarint(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR.getNumber())
+            .addVarint(5)   // not valid
+            .build())
+        .addField(repeatedField.getNumber(),
+          UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+            .addVarint(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO.getNumber())
+            .addVarint(4)   // not valid
+            .addVarint(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ.getNumber())
+            .addVarint(6)   // not valid
+            .build())
+        .build()
+        .toByteString();
+
+    {
+      TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(data);
+      assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR,
+                   message.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+      assertEquals(
+        Arrays.asList(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ),
+        message.getRepeatedNestedEnumList());
+      assertEquals(Arrays.asList(5L),
+                   message.getUnknownFields()
+                          .getField(singularField.getNumber())
+                          .getVarintList());
+      assertEquals(Arrays.asList(4L, 6L),
+                   message.getUnknownFields()
+                          .getField(repeatedField.getNumber())
+                          .getVarintList());
+    }
+
+    {
+      TestAllExtensions message =
+        TestAllExtensions.parseFrom(data, TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry());
+      assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR,
+        message.getExtension(UnittestProto.optionalNestedEnumExtension));
+      assertEquals(
+        Arrays.asList(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ),
+        message.getExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedNestedEnumExtension));
+      assertEquals(Arrays.asList(5L),
+                   message.getUnknownFields()
+                          .getField(singularField.getNumber())
+                          .getVarintList());
+      assertEquals(Arrays.asList(4L, 6L),
+                   message.getUnknownFields()
+                          .getField(repeatedField.getNumber())
+                          .getVarintList());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testLargeVarint() throws Exception {
+    ByteString data =
+      UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+        .addField(1,
+          UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+            .addVarint(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL)
+            .build())
+        .build()
+        .toByteString();
+    UnknownFieldSet parsed = UnknownFieldSet.parseFrom(data);
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = parsed.getField(1);
+    assertEquals(1, field.getVarintList().size());
+    assertEquals(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL, (long)field.getVarintList().get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testEqualsAndHashCode() {
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field fixed32Field =
+        UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+            .addFixed32(1)
+            .build();
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field fixed64Field =
+        UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+            .addFixed64(1)
+            .build();
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field varIntField =
+        UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+            .addVarint(1)
+            .build();
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field lengthDelimitedField =
+        UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+            .addLengthDelimited(ByteString.EMPTY)
+            .build();
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field groupField =
+        UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+            .addGroup(unknownFields)
+            .build();
+
+    UnknownFieldSet a =
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+            .addField(1, fixed32Field)
+            .build();
+    UnknownFieldSet b =
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+            .addField(1, fixed64Field)
+            .build();
+    UnknownFieldSet c =
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+            .addField(1, varIntField)
+            .build();
+    UnknownFieldSet d =
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+            .addField(1, lengthDelimitedField)
+            .build();
+    UnknownFieldSet e =
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+            .addField(1, groupField)
+            .build();
+
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(a);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(b);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(c);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(d);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(e);
+
+    checkNotEqual(a, b);
+    checkNotEqual(a, c);
+    checkNotEqual(a, d);
+    checkNotEqual(a, e);
+    checkNotEqual(b, c);
+    checkNotEqual(b, d);
+    checkNotEqual(b, e);
+    checkNotEqual(c, d);
+    checkNotEqual(c, e);
+    checkNotEqual(d, e);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts that the given field sets are not equal and have different
+   * hash codes.
+   *
+   * @warning It's valid for non-equal objects to have the same hash code, so
+   *   this test is stricter than it needs to be. However, this should happen
+   *   relatively rarely.
+   */
+  private void checkNotEqual(UnknownFieldSet s1, UnknownFieldSet s2) {
+    String equalsError = String.format("%s should not be equal to %s", s1, s2);
+    assertFalse(equalsError, s1.equals(s2));
+    assertFalse(equalsError, s2.equals(s1));
+
+    assertFalse(
+        String.format("%s should have a different hash code from %s", s1, s2),
+        s1.hashCode() == s2.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts that the given field sets are equal and have identical hash codes.
+   */
+  private void checkEqualsIsConsistent(UnknownFieldSet set) {
+    // Object should be equal to itself.
+    assertEquals(set, set);
+
+    // Object should be equal to a copy of itself.
+    UnknownFieldSet copy = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder(set).build();
+    assertEquals(set, copy);
+    assertEquals(copy, set);
+    assertEquals(set.hashCode(), copy.hashCode());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/UnmodifiableLazyStringListTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/UnmodifiableLazyStringListTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb75d74b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/UnmodifiableLazyStringListTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.ListIterator;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link UnmodifiableLazyStringList}.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class UnmodifiableLazyStringListTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static String STRING_A = "A";
+  private static String STRING_B = "B";
+  private static String STRING_C = "C";
+
+  private static ByteString BYTE_STRING_A = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("A");
+  private static ByteString BYTE_STRING_B = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("B");
+  private static ByteString BYTE_STRING_C = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("C");
+
+  public void testReadOnlyMethods() {
+    LazyStringArrayList rawList = createSampleList();
+    UnmodifiableLazyStringList list = new UnmodifiableLazyStringList(rawList);
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+    assertSame(STRING_A, list.get(0));
+    assertSame(STRING_B, list.get(1));
+    assertSame(STRING_C, list.get(2));
+    assertEquals(BYTE_STRING_A, list.getByteString(0));
+    assertEquals(BYTE_STRING_B, list.getByteString(1));
+    assertEquals(BYTE_STRING_C, list.getByteString(2));
+  }
+
+  public void testModifyMethods() {
+    LazyStringArrayList rawList = createSampleList();
+    UnmodifiableLazyStringList list = new UnmodifiableLazyStringList(rawList);
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+
+    try {
+      list.add(STRING_B);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+
+    try {
+      list.set(1, STRING_B);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testIterator() {
+    LazyStringArrayList rawList = createSampleList();
+    UnmodifiableLazyStringList list = new UnmodifiableLazyStringList(rawList);
+
+    Iterator<String> iter = list.iterator();
+    int count = 0;
+    while (iter.hasNext()) {
+      iter.next();
+      count++;
+      try {
+        iter.remove();
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // expected
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, count);
+
+  }
+
+  public void testListIterator() {
+    LazyStringArrayList rawList = createSampleList();
+    UnmodifiableLazyStringList list = new UnmodifiableLazyStringList(rawList);
+
+    ListIterator<String> iter = list.listIterator();
+    int count = 0;
+    while (iter.hasNext()) {
+      iter.next();
+      count++;
+      try {
+        iter.remove();
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // expected
+      }
+      try {
+        iter.set("bar");
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // expected
+      }
+      try {
+        iter.add("bar");
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // expected
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, count);
+
+  }
+
+  private LazyStringArrayList createSampleList() {
+    LazyStringArrayList rawList = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    rawList.add(STRING_A);
+    rawList.add(STRING_B);
+    rawList.add(STRING_C);
+    return rawList;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/WireFormatTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/WireFormatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..745287262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/test/WireFormatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.test;
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestFieldOrderings;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.TestMessageSet;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.RawMessageSet;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.TestMessageSetExtension1;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.TestMessageSetExtension2;
+
+/**
+ * Tests related to parsing and serialization.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+ */
+public class WireFormatTest extends TestCase {
+  public void testSerialization() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.size(), message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializationPacked() throws Exception {
+    TestPackedTypes message = TestUtil.getPackedSet();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.size(), message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    TestPackedTypes message2 = TestPackedTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // TestAllTypes and TestAllExtensions should have compatible wire formats,
+    // so if we serialize a TestAllExtensions then parse it as TestAllTypes
+    // it should work.
+
+    TestAllExtensions message = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.size(), message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializePackedExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // TestPackedTypes and TestPackedExtensions should have compatible wire
+    // formats; check that they serialize to the same string.
+    TestPackedExtensions message = TestUtil.getPackedExtensionsSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    TestPackedTypes message2 = TestUtil.getPackedSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes2 = message2.toByteString();
+
+    assertEquals(rawBytes, rawBytes2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializationPackedWithoutGetSerializedSize()
+      throws Exception {
+    // Write directly to an OutputStream, without invoking getSerializedSize()
+    // This used to be a bug where the size of a packed field was incorrect,
+    // since getSerializedSize() was never invoked.
+    TestPackedTypes message = TestUtil.getPackedSet();
+
+    // Directly construct a CodedOutputStream around the actual OutputStream,
+    // in case writeTo(OutputStream output) invokes getSerializedSize();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(outputStream);
+
+    message.writeTo(codedOutput);
+
+    codedOutput.flush();
+
+    TestPackedTypes message2 = TestPackedTypes.parseFrom(
+        outputStream.toByteArray());
+
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // TestAllTypes and TestAllExtensions should have compatible wire formats,
+    // so if we serialize a TestAllTypes then parse it as TestAllExtensions
+    // it should work.
+
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    ExtensionRegistry registry = TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry();
+
+    TestAllExtensions message2 =
+      TestAllExtensions.parseFrom(rawBytes, registry);
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testParsePackedExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // Ensure that packed extensions can be properly parsed.
+    TestPackedExtensions message = TestUtil.getPackedExtensionsSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    ExtensionRegistry registry = TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry();
+
+    TestPackedExtensions message2 =
+        TestPackedExtensions.parseFrom(rawBytes, registry);
+
+    TestUtil.assertPackedExtensionsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionsSerializedSize() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.getAllSet().getSerializedSize(),
+                 TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet().getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeDelimited() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    TestUtil.getAllSet().writeDelimitedTo(output);
+    output.write(12);
+    TestUtil.getPackedSet().writeDelimitedTo(output);
+    output.write(34);
+
+    ByteArrayInputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(output.toByteArray());
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(TestAllTypes.parseDelimitedFrom(input));
+    assertEquals(12, input.read());
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(TestPackedTypes.parseDelimitedFrom(input));
+    assertEquals(34, input.read());
+    assertEquals(-1, input.read());
+
+    // We're at EOF, so parsing again should return null.
+    assertTrue(TestAllTypes.parseDelimitedFrom(input) == null);
+  }
+
+  private void assertFieldsInOrder(ByteString data) throws Exception {
+    CodedInputStream input = data.newCodedInput();
+    int previousTag = 0;
+
+    while (true) {
+      int tag = input.readTag();
+      if (tag == 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      assertTrue(tag > previousTag);
+      previousTag = tag;
+      input.skipField(tag);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testInterleavedFieldsAndExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // Tests that fields are written in order even when extension ranges
+    // are interleaved with field numbers.
+    ByteString data =
+      TestFieldOrderings.newBuilder()
+        .setMyInt(1)
+        .setMyString("foo")
+        .setMyFloat(1.0F)
+        .setExtension(UnittestProto.myExtensionInt, 23)
+        .setExtension(UnittestProto.myExtensionString, "bar")
+        .build().toByteString();
+    assertFieldsInOrder(data);
+
+    Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor = TestFieldOrderings.getDescriptor();
+    ByteString dynamic_data =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestFieldOrderings.getDescriptor())
+        .setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("my_int"), 1L)
+        .setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("my_string"), "foo")
+        .setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("my_float"), 1.0F)
+        .setField(UnittestProto.myExtensionInt.getDescriptor(), 23)
+        .setField(UnittestProto.myExtensionString.getDescriptor(), "bar")
+        .build().toByteString();
+    assertFieldsInOrder(dynamic_data);
+  }
+
+  private ExtensionRegistry getTestFieldOrderingsRegistry() {
+    ExtensionRegistry result = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    result.add(UnittestProto.myExtensionInt);
+    result.add(UnittestProto.myExtensionString);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMultipleExtensionRanges() throws Exception {
+    // Make sure we can parse a message that contains multiple extensions
+    // ranges.
+    TestFieldOrderings source =
+      TestFieldOrderings.newBuilder()
+        .setMyInt(1)
+        .setMyString("foo")
+        .setMyFloat(1.0F)
+        .setExtension(UnittestProto.myExtensionInt, 23)
+        .setExtension(UnittestProto.myExtensionString, "bar")
+        .build();
+    TestFieldOrderings dest =
+      TestFieldOrderings.parseFrom(source.toByteString(),
+                                   getTestFieldOrderingsRegistry());
+    assertEquals(source, dest);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMultipleExtensionRangesDynamic() throws Exception {
+    // Same as above except with DynamicMessage.
+    Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor = TestFieldOrderings.getDescriptor();
+    DynamicMessage source =
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestFieldOrderings.getDescriptor())
+        .setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("my_int"), 1L)
+        .setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("my_string"), "foo")
+        .setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("my_float"), 1.0F)
+        .setField(UnittestProto.myExtensionInt.getDescriptor(), 23)
+        .setField(UnittestProto.myExtensionString.getDescriptor(), "bar")
+        .build();
+    DynamicMessage dest =
+      DynamicMessage.parseFrom(descriptor, source.toByteString(),
+                               getTestFieldOrderingsRegistry());
+    assertEquals(source, dest);
+  }
+
+  private static final int UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID = 1550055;
+  private static final int TYPE_ID_1 =
+    TestMessageSetExtension1.getDescriptor().getExtensions().get(0).getNumber();
+  private static final int TYPE_ID_2 =
+    TestMessageSetExtension2.getDescriptor().getExtensions().get(0).getNumber();
+
+  public void testSerializeMessageSetEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testSerializeMessageSetWithFlag(true);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeMessageSetNotEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testSerializeMessageSetWithFlag(false);
+  }
+
+  private void testSerializeMessageSetWithFlag(boolean eagerParsing)
+      throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite.setEagerlyParseMessageSets(eagerParsing);
+    // Set up a TestMessageSet with two known messages and an unknown one.
+    TestMessageSet messageSet =
+      TestMessageSet.newBuilder()
+        .setExtension(
+          TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension,
+          TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder().setI(123).build())
+        .setExtension(
+          TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension,
+          TestMessageSetExtension2.newBuilder().setStr("foo").build())
+        .setUnknownFields(
+          UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+            .addField(UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID,
+              UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+                .addLengthDelimited(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("bar"))
+                .build())
+            .build())
+        .build();
+
+    ByteString data = messageSet.toByteString();
+
+    // Parse back using RawMessageSet and check the contents.
+    RawMessageSet raw = RawMessageSet.parseFrom(data);
+
+    assertTrue(raw.getUnknownFields().asMap().isEmpty());
+
+    assertEquals(3, raw.getItemCount());
+    assertEquals(TYPE_ID_1, raw.getItem(0).getTypeId());
+    assertEquals(TYPE_ID_2, raw.getItem(1).getTypeId());
+    assertEquals(UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID, raw.getItem(2).getTypeId());
+
+    TestMessageSetExtension1 message1 =
+      TestMessageSetExtension1.parseFrom(
+        raw.getItem(0).getMessage().toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(123, message1.getI());
+
+    TestMessageSetExtension2 message2 =
+      TestMessageSetExtension2.parseFrom(
+        raw.getItem(1).getMessage().toByteArray());
+    assertEquals("foo", message2.getStr());
+
+    assertEquals("bar", raw.getItem(2).getMessage().toStringUtf8());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMessageSetEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testParseMessageSetWithFlag(true);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMessageSetNotEagerly()throws Exception {
+    testParseMessageSetWithFlag(false);
+  }
+
+  private void testParseMessageSetWithFlag(boolean eagerParsing)
+      throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite.setEagerlyParseMessageSets(eagerParsing);
+    ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension);
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension);
+
+    // Set up a RawMessageSet with two known messages and an unknown one.
+    RawMessageSet raw =
+      RawMessageSet.newBuilder()
+        .addItem(
+          RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+            .setTypeId(TYPE_ID_1)
+            .setMessage(
+              TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder()
+                .setI(123)
+                .build().toByteString())
+            .build())
+        .addItem(
+          RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+            .setTypeId(TYPE_ID_2)
+            .setMessage(
+              TestMessageSetExtension2.newBuilder()
+                .setStr("foo")
+                .build().toByteString())
+            .build())
+        .addItem(
+          RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+            .setTypeId(UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID)
+            .setMessage(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("bar"))
+            .build())
+        .build();
+
+    ByteString data = raw.toByteString();
+
+    // Parse as a TestMessageSet and check the contents.
+    TestMessageSet messageSet =
+      TestMessageSet.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+
+    assertEquals(123, messageSet.getExtension(
+      TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+    assertEquals("foo", messageSet.getExtension(
+      TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension).getStr());
+
+    // Check for unknown field with type LENGTH_DELIMITED,
+    //   number UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID, and contents "bar".
+    UnknownFieldSet unknownFields = messageSet.getUnknownFields();
+    assertEquals(1, unknownFields.asMap().size());
+    assertTrue(unknownFields.hasField(UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID));
+
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = unknownFields.getField(UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID);
+    assertEquals(1, field.getLengthDelimitedList().size());
+    assertEquals("bar", field.getLengthDelimitedList().get(0).toStringUtf8());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMessageSetExtensionEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testParseMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(true);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMessageSetExtensionNotEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testParseMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(false);
+  }
+
+  private void testParseMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(boolean eagerParsing)
+      throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite.setEagerlyParseMessageSets(eagerParsing);
+    ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension);
+
+    // Set up a RawMessageSet with a known messages.
+    int TYPE_ID_1 =
+        TestMessageSetExtension1
+            .getDescriptor().getExtensions().get(0).getNumber();
+    RawMessageSet raw =
+      RawMessageSet.newBuilder()
+        .addItem(
+          RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+            .setTypeId(TYPE_ID_1)
+            .setMessage(
+              TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder()
+                .setI(123)
+                .build().toByteString())
+            .build())
+        .build();
+
+    ByteString data = raw.toByteString();
+
+    // Parse as a TestMessageSet and check the contents.
+    TestMessageSet messageSet =
+        TestMessageSet.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+    assertEquals(123, messageSet.getExtension(
+        TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(true);
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionNotEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(false);
+  }
+
+  private void testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(boolean eagerParsing)
+      throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite.setEagerlyParseMessageSets(eagerParsing);
+    ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension);
+
+    // Set up a RawMessageSet with a known messages.
+    int TYPE_ID_1 =
+        TestMessageSetExtension1
+            .getDescriptor().getExtensions().get(0).getNumber();
+    RawMessageSet raw =
+      RawMessageSet.newBuilder()
+        .addItem(
+          RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+            .setTypeId(TYPE_ID_1)
+            .setMessage(
+              TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder()
+                .setI(123)
+                .build().toByteString())
+            .build())
+        .build();
+
+    ByteString data = raw.toByteString();
+
+    // Parse as a TestMessageSet and store value into lazy field
+    TestMessageSet messageSet =
+        TestMessageSet.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+    // Merge lazy field check the contents.
+    messageSet =
+        messageSet.toBuilder().mergeFrom(data, extensionRegistry).build();
+    assertEquals(123, messageSet.getExtension(
+        TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/generate-sources-build.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/generate-sources-build.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0996e5fff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/generate-sources-build.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<project name="generate-sources">
+    <echo message="Running protoc ..."/>
+    <mkdir dir="${generated.sources.dir}"/>
+    <exec executable="${protoc}">
+        <arg value="--java_out=${generated.sources.dir}"/>
+        <arg value="--proto_path=${protobuf.source.dir}"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/any.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/api.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/duration.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/empty.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/source_context.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/struct.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/type.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto"/>
+    </exec>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/generate-test-sources-build.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/generate-test-sources-build.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92c0b1c8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/generate-test-sources-build.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<project name="generate-test-sources">
+    <mkdir dir="${generated.testsources.dir}"/>
+    <exec executable="${protoc}">
+        <arg value="--java_out=${generated.testsources.dir}"/>
+        <arg value="--proto_path=${protobuf.source.dir}"/>
+        <arg value="--proto_path=${test.proto.dir}"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/any_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/cached_field_size_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/deprecated_file.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/field_presence_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/lazy_fields_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/lite_equals_and_hash.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_lite_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/map_initialization_order_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/map_lite_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/map_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/message_lite_extension_util_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/multiple_files_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/nested_builders_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test2.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test3.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/packed_field_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/proto2_message.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/proto2_message_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/proto2_unknown_enum_values.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/proto3_message.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/proto3_message_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/test_check_utf8.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/test_check_utf8_size.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/test_custom_options.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/wrappers_test.proto"/>
+    </exec>
+    <!-- Also generate some Lite protos needed for ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest -->
+    <exec executable="${protoc}">
+        <arg value="--java_out=lite:${generated.testsources.dir}"/>
+        <arg value="--proto_path=${protobuf.source.dir}"/>
+        <arg value="--proto_path=${test.proto.dir}"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto"/>
+    </exec>
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/pom.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79a1e714a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+    <artifactId>protobuf-parent</artifactId>
+    <version>3.11.4</version>
+  </parent>
+
+  <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
+  <packaging>bundle</packaging>
+
+  <name>Protocol Buffers [Core]</name>
+  <description>
+    Core Protocol Buffers library. Protocol Buffers are a way of encoding structured data in an
+    efficient yet extensible format.
+  </description>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>junit</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
+      <artifactId>easymock</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
+      <artifactId>easymockclassextension</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
+      <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.truth</groupId>
+      <artifactId>truth</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+
+  <build>
+    <!-- Include core protos in the bundle as resources -->
+    <resources>
+      <resource>
+        <directory>${protobuf.source.dir}</directory>
+        <includes>
+          <include>google/protobuf/any.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/api.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/descriptor.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/duration.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/empty.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/field_mask.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/source_context.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/struct.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/timestamp.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/type.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/wrappers.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto</include>
+        </includes>
+      </resource>
+    </resources>
+    <testResources>
+      <testResource>
+        <directory>${protobuf.source.dir}</directory>
+        <includes>
+          <include>google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_oneof_implemented</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/testdata/golden_packed_fields_message</include>
+        </includes>
+      </testResource>
+    </testResources>
+
+    <plugins>
+      <!-- Use Antrun plugin to generate sources with protoc -->
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <!-- Generate core protos -->
+          <execution>
+            <id>generate-sources</id>
+            <phase>generate-sources</phase>
+            <configuration>
+              <target>
+                <ant antfile="generate-sources-build.xml"/>
+              </target>
+            </configuration>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>run</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+
+          <!-- Generate the test protos -->
+          <execution>
+            <id>generate-test-sources</id>
+            <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
+            <configuration>
+              <target>
+                <ant antfile="generate-test-sources-build.xml"/>
+              </target>
+            </configuration>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>run</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <!-- Add the generated sources to the build -->
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
+        <artifactId>build-helper-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>add-generated-sources</id>
+            <phase>generate-sources</phase>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>add-source</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <sources>
+                <source>${generated.sources.dir}</source>
+              </sources>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+          <execution>
+            <id>add-generated-test-sources</id>
+            <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>add-test-source</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <sources>
+                <source>${generated.testsources.dir}</source>
+              </sources>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <!-- OSGI bundle configuration -->
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.felix</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-bundle-plugin</artifactId>
+        <extensions>true</extensions>
+        <configuration>
+          <instructions>
+            <Automatic-Module-Name>com.google.protobuf</Automatic-Module-Name> <!-- Java9+ Jigsaw module name -->
+            <Bundle-DocURL>https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/</Bundle-DocURL>
+            <Bundle-SymbolicName>com.google.protobuf</Bundle-SymbolicName>
+            <Export-Package>com.google.protobuf;version=${project.version}</Export-Package>
+            <Import-Package>sun.misc;resolution:=optional,*</Import-Package>
+          </instructions>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessage.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessage.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1364fce41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,623 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLite;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * A partial implementation of the {@link Message} interface which implements as many methods of
+ * that interface as possible in terms of other methods.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractMessage
+    // TODO(dweis): Update GeneratedMessage to parameterize with MessageType and BuilderType.
+    extends AbstractMessageLite implements Message {
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isInitialized() {
+    return MessageReflection.isInitialized(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Interface for the parent of a Builder that allows the builder to communicate invalidations back
+   * to the parent for use when using nested builders.
+   */
+  protected interface BuilderParent {
+
+    /**
+     * A builder becomes dirty whenever a field is modified -- including fields in nested builders
+     * -- and becomes clean when build() is called. Thus, when a builder becomes dirty, all its
+     * parents become dirty as well, and when it becomes clean, all its children become clean. The
+     * dirtiness state is used to invalidate certain cached values.
+     *
+     * <p>To this end, a builder calls markDirty() on its parent whenever it transitions from clean
+     * to dirty. The parent must propagate this call to its own parent, unless it was already dirty,
+     * in which case the grandparent must necessarily already be dirty as well. The parent can only
+     * transition back to "clean" after calling build() on all children.
+     */
+    void markDirty();
+  }
+
+  /** Create a nested builder. */
+  protected Message.Builder newBuilderForType(BuilderParent parent) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Nested builder is not supported for this type.");
+  }
+
+
+  @Override
+  public List<String> findInitializationErrors() {
+    return MessageReflection.findMissingFields(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getInitializationErrorString() {
+    return MessageReflection.delimitWithCommas(findInitializationErrors());
+  }
+
+  /** TODO(jieluo): Clear it when all subclasses have implemented this method. */
+  @Override
+  public boolean hasOneof(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("hasOneof() is not implemented.");
+  }
+
+  /** TODO(jieluo): Clear it when all subclasses have implemented this method. */
+  @Override
+  public FieldDescriptor getOneofFieldDescriptor(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("getOneofFieldDescriptor() is not implemented.");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final String toString() {
+    return TextFormat.printer().printToString(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeTo(final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    MessageReflection.writeMessageTo(this, getAllFields(), output, false);
+  }
+
+  protected int memoizedSize = -1;
+
+  @Override
+  int getMemoizedSerializedSize() {
+    return memoizedSize;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void setMemoizedSerializedSize(int size) {
+    memoizedSize = size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    int size = memoizedSize;
+    if (size != -1) {
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    memoizedSize = MessageReflection.getSerializedSize(this, getAllFields());
+    return memoizedSize;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(final Object other) {
+    if (other == this) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!(other instanceof Message)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    final Message otherMessage = (Message) other;
+    if (getDescriptorForType() != otherMessage.getDescriptorForType()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return compareFields(getAllFields(), otherMessage.getAllFields())
+        && getUnknownFields().equals(otherMessage.getUnknownFields());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    int hash = memoizedHashCode;
+    if (hash == 0) {
+      hash = 41;
+      hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptorForType().hashCode();
+      hash = hashFields(hash, getAllFields());
+      hash = (29 * hash) + getUnknownFields().hashCode();
+      memoizedHashCode = hash;
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  private static ByteString toByteString(Object value) {
+    if (value instanceof byte[]) {
+      return ByteString.copyFrom((byte[]) value);
+    } else {
+      return (ByteString) value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compares two bytes fields. The parameters must be either a byte array or a ByteString object.
+   * They can be of different type though.
+   */
+  private static boolean compareBytes(Object a, Object b) {
+    if (a instanceof byte[] && b instanceof byte[]) {
+      return Arrays.equals((byte[]) a, (byte[]) b);
+    }
+    return toByteString(a).equals(toByteString(b));
+  }
+
+  /** Converts a list of MapEntry messages into a Map used for equals() and hashCode(). */
+  @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+  private static Map convertMapEntryListToMap(List list) {
+    if (list.isEmpty()) {
+      return Collections.emptyMap();
+    }
+    Map result = new HashMap<>();
+    Iterator iterator = list.iterator();
+    Message entry = (Message) iterator.next();
+    Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor = entry.getDescriptorForType();
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor key = descriptor.findFieldByName("key");
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor value = descriptor.findFieldByName("value");
+    Object fieldValue = entry.getField(value);
+    if (fieldValue instanceof EnumValueDescriptor) {
+      fieldValue = ((EnumValueDescriptor) fieldValue).getNumber();
+    }
+    result.put(entry.getField(key), fieldValue);
+    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+      entry = (Message) iterator.next();
+      fieldValue = entry.getField(value);
+      if (fieldValue instanceof EnumValueDescriptor) {
+        fieldValue = ((EnumValueDescriptor) fieldValue).getNumber();
+      }
+      result.put(entry.getField(key), fieldValue);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /** Compares two map fields. The parameters must be a list of MapEntry messages. */
+  @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+  private static boolean compareMapField(Object a, Object b) {
+    Map ma = convertMapEntryListToMap((List) a);
+    Map mb = convertMapEntryListToMap((List) b);
+    return MapFieldLite.equals(ma, mb);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compares two set of fields. This method is used to implement {@link
+   * AbstractMessage#equals(Object)} and {@link AbstractMutableMessage#equals(Object)}. It takes
+   * special care of bytes fields because immutable messages and mutable messages use different Java
+   * type to represent a bytes field and this method should be able to compare immutable messages,
+   * mutable messages and also an immutable message to a mutable message.
+   */
+  static boolean compareFields(Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> a, Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> b) {
+    if (a.size() != b.size()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (FieldDescriptor descriptor : a.keySet()) {
+      if (!b.containsKey(descriptor)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      Object value1 = a.get(descriptor);
+      Object value2 = b.get(descriptor);
+      if (descriptor.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.BYTES) {
+        if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+          List list1 = (List) value1;
+          List list2 = (List) value2;
+          if (list1.size() != list2.size()) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          for (int i = 0; i < list1.size(); i++) {
+            if (!compareBytes(list1.get(i), list2.get(i))) {
+              return false;
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          // Compares a singular bytes field.
+          if (!compareBytes(value1, value2)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (descriptor.isMapField()) {
+        if (!compareMapField(value1, value2)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Compare non-bytes fields.
+        if (!value1.equals(value2)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** Calculates the hash code of a map field. {@code value} must be a list of MapEntry messages. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static int hashMapField(Object value) {
+    return MapFieldLite.calculateHashCodeForMap(convertMapEntryListToMap((List) value));
+  }
+
+  /** Get a hash code for given fields and values, using the given seed. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  protected static int hashFields(int hash, Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> map) {
+    for (Map.Entry<FieldDescriptor, Object> entry : map.entrySet()) {
+      FieldDescriptor field = entry.getKey();
+      Object value = entry.getValue();
+      hash = (37 * hash) + field.getNumber();
+      if (field.isMapField()) {
+        hash = (53 * hash) + hashMapField(value);
+      } else if (field.getType() != FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM) {
+        hash = (53 * hash) + value.hashCode();
+      } else if (field.isRepeated()) {
+        List<? extends EnumLite> list = (List<? extends EnumLite>) value;
+        hash = (53 * hash) + Internal.hashEnumList(list);
+      } else {
+        hash = (53 * hash) + Internal.hashEnum((EnumLite) value);
+      }
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Package private helper method for AbstractParser to create UninitializedMessageException with
+   * missing field information.
+   */
+  @Override
+  UninitializedMessageException newUninitializedMessageException() {
+    return Builder.newUninitializedMessageException(this);
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * A partial implementation of the {@link Message.Builder} interface which implements as many
+   * methods of that interface as possible in terms of other methods.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public abstract static class Builder<BuilderType extends Builder<BuilderType>>
+      extends AbstractMessageLite.Builder implements Message.Builder {
+    // The compiler produces an error if this is not declared explicitly.
+    // Method isn't abstract to bypass Java 1.6 compiler issue:
+    //     http://bugs.java.com/view_bug.do?bug_id=6908259
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clone() {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("clone() should be implemented in subclasses.");
+    }
+
+    /** TODO(jieluo): Clear it when all subclasses have implemented this method. */
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasOneof(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("hasOneof() is not implemented.");
+    }
+
+    /** TODO(jieluo): Clear it when all subclasses have implemented this method. */
+    @Override
+    public FieldDescriptor getOneofFieldDescriptor(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("getOneofFieldDescriptor() is not implemented.");
+    }
+
+    /** TODO(jieluo): Clear it when all subclasses have implemented this method. */
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clearOneof(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("clearOneof() is not implemented.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clear() {
+      for (final Map.Entry<FieldDescriptor, Object> entry : getAllFields().entrySet()) {
+        clearField(entry.getKey());
+      }
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> findInitializationErrors() {
+      return MessageReflection.findMissingFields(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getInitializationErrorString() {
+      return MessageReflection.delimitWithCommas(findInitializationErrors());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected BuilderType internalMergeFrom(AbstractMessageLite other) {
+      return mergeFrom((Message) other);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final Message other) {
+      return mergeFrom(other, other.getAllFields());
+    }
+
+    BuilderType mergeFrom(final Message other, Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> allFields) {
+      if (other.getDescriptorForType() != getDescriptorForType()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "mergeFrom(Message) can only merge messages of the same type.");
+      }
+
+      // Note:  We don't attempt to verify that other's fields have valid
+      //   types.  Doing so would be a losing battle.  We'd have to verify
+      //   all sub-messages as well, and we'd have to make copies of all of
+      //   them to insure that they don't change after verification (since
+      //   the Message interface itself cannot enforce immutability of
+      //   implementations).
+      // TODO(kenton):  Provide a function somewhere called makeDeepCopy()
+      //   which allows people to make secure deep copies of messages.
+
+      for (final Map.Entry<FieldDescriptor, Object> entry : allFields.entrySet()) {
+        final FieldDescriptor field = entry.getKey();
+        if (field.isRepeated()) {
+          for (final Object element : (List) entry.getValue()) {
+            addRepeatedField(field, element);
+          }
+        } else if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          final Message existingValue = (Message) getField(field);
+          if (existingValue == existingValue.getDefaultInstanceForType()) {
+            setField(field, entry.getValue());
+          } else {
+            setField(
+                field,
+                existingValue
+                    .newBuilderForType()
+                    .mergeFrom(existingValue)
+                    .mergeFrom((Message) entry.getValue())
+                    .build());
+          }
+        } else {
+          setField(field, entry.getValue());
+        }
+      }
+
+      mergeUnknownFields(other.getUnknownFields());
+
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+      return mergeFrom(input, ExtensionRegistry.getEmptyRegistry());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final CodedInputStream input, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      boolean discardUnknown = input.shouldDiscardUnknownFields();
+      final UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
+          discardUnknown ? null : UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder(getUnknownFields());
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = input.readTag();
+        if (tag == 0) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+        MessageReflection.BuilderAdapter builderAdapter =
+            new MessageReflection.BuilderAdapter(this);
+        if (!MessageReflection.mergeFieldFrom(
+            input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, getDescriptorForType(), builderAdapter, tag)) {
+          // end group tag
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (unknownFields != null) {
+        setUnknownFields(unknownFields.build());
+      }
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeUnknownFields(final UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      setUnknownFields(
+          UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder(getUnknownFields()).mergeFrom(unknownFields).build());
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message.Builder getFieldBuilder(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getFieldBuilder() called on an unsupported message type.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message.Builder getRepeatedFieldBuilder(final FieldDescriptor field, int index) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getRepeatedFieldBuilder() called on an unsupported message type.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return TextFormat.printer().printToString(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Construct an UninitializedMessageException reporting missing fields in the given message. */
+    protected static UninitializedMessageException newUninitializedMessageException(
+        Message message) {
+      return new UninitializedMessageException(MessageReflection.findMissingFields(message));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used to support nested builders and called to mark this builder as clean. Clean builders will
+     * propagate the {@link BuilderParent#markDirty()} event to their parent builders, while dirty
+     * builders will not, as their parents should be dirty already.
+     *
+     * <p>NOTE: Implementations that don't support nested builders don't need to override this
+     * method.
+     */
+    void markClean() {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Should be overridden by subclasses.");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used to support nested builders and called when this nested builder is no longer used by its
+     * parent builder and should release the reference to its parent builder.
+     *
+     * <p>NOTE: Implementations that don't support nested builders don't need to override this
+     * method.
+     */
+    void dispose() {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Should be overridden by subclasses.");
+    }
+
+    // ===============================================================
+    // The following definitions seem to be required in order to make javac
+    // not produce weird errors like:
+    //
+    // java/com/google/protobuf/DynamicMessage.java:203: types
+    //   com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessage.Builder<
+    //     com.google.protobuf.DynamicMessage.Builder> and
+    //   com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessage.Builder<
+    //     com.google.protobuf.DynamicMessage.Builder> are incompatible; both
+    //   define mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.ByteString), but with unrelated
+    //   return types.
+    //
+    // Strangely, these lines are only needed if javac is invoked separately
+    // on AbstractMessage.java and AbstractMessageLite.java.  If javac is
+    // invoked on both simultaneously, it works.  (Or maybe the important
+    // point is whether or not DynamicMessage.java is compiled together with
+    // AbstractMessageLite.java -- not sure.)  I suspect this is a compiler
+    // bug.
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final ByteString data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(data);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final ByteString data, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final byte[] data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(data);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final byte[] data, final int off, final int len)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(data, off, len);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final byte[] data, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final byte[] data,
+        final int off,
+        final int len,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(data, off, len, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(input);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final InputStream input, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean mergeDelimitedFrom(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
+      return super.mergeDelimitedFrom(input);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean mergeDelimitedFrom(
+        final InputStream input, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      return super.mergeDelimitedFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @deprecated from v3.0.0-beta-3+, for compatibility with v2.5.0 and v2.6.1
+   * generated code.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  protected static int hashLong(long n) {
+    return (int) (n ^ (n >>> 32));
+  }
+  //
+  /**
+   * @deprecated from v3.0.0-beta-3+, for compatibility with v2.5.0 and v2.6.1
+   * generated code.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  protected static int hashBoolean(boolean b) {
+    return b ? 1231 : 1237;
+  }
+  //
+  /**
+   * @deprecated from v3.0.0-beta-3+, for compatibility with v2.5.0 and v2.6.1
+   * generated code.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  protected static int hashEnum(EnumLite e) {
+    return e.getNumber();
+  }
+  //
+  /**
+   * @deprecated from v3.0.0-beta-3+, for compatibility with v2.5.0 and v2.6.1
+   * generated code.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  protected static int hashEnumList(List<? extends EnumLite> list) {
+    int hash = 1;
+    for (EnumLite e : list) {
+      hash = 31 * hash + hashEnum(e);
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageLite.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e3cf4271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import java.io.FilterInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * A partial implementation of the {@link MessageLite} interface which implements as many methods of
+ * that interface as possible in terms of other methods.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractMessageLite<
+        MessageType extends AbstractMessageLite<MessageType, BuilderType>,
+        BuilderType extends AbstractMessageLite.Builder<MessageType, BuilderType>>
+    implements MessageLite {
+  protected int memoizedHashCode = 0;
+
+  @Override
+  public ByteString toByteString() {
+    try {
+      final ByteString.CodedBuilder out = ByteString.newCodedBuilder(getSerializedSize());
+      writeTo(out.getCodedOutput());
+      return out.build();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(getSerializingExceptionMessage("ByteString"), e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public byte[] toByteArray() {
+    try {
+      final byte[] result = new byte[getSerializedSize()];
+      final CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(result);
+      writeTo(output);
+      output.checkNoSpaceLeft();
+      return result;
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(getSerializingExceptionMessage("byte array"), e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeTo(final OutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    final int bufferSize = CodedOutputStream.computePreferredBufferSize(getSerializedSize());
+    final CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(output, bufferSize);
+    writeTo(codedOutput);
+    codedOutput.flush();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeDelimitedTo(final OutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    final int serialized = getSerializedSize();
+    final int bufferSize =
+        CodedOutputStream.computePreferredBufferSize(
+            CodedOutputStream.computeRawVarint32Size(serialized) + serialized);
+    final CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(output, bufferSize);
+    codedOutput.writeRawVarint32(serialized);
+    writeTo(codedOutput);
+    codedOutput.flush();
+  }
+
+  // We'd like these to be abstract but some folks are extending this class directly. They shouldn't
+  // be doing that and they should feel bad.
+  int getMemoizedSerializedSize() {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
+
+  void setMemoizedSerializedSize(int size) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
+
+
+  int getSerializedSize(Schema schema) {
+    int memoizedSerializedSize = getMemoizedSerializedSize();
+    if (memoizedSerializedSize == -1) {
+      memoizedSerializedSize = schema.getSerializedSize(this);
+      setMemoizedSerializedSize(memoizedSerializedSize);
+    }
+    return memoizedSerializedSize;
+  }
+
+  /** Package private helper method for AbstractParser to create UninitializedMessageException. */
+  UninitializedMessageException newUninitializedMessageException() {
+    return new UninitializedMessageException(this);
+  }
+
+  private String getSerializingExceptionMessage(String target) {
+    return "Serializing "
+        + getClass().getName()
+        + " to a "
+        + target
+        + " threw an IOException (should never happen).";
+  }
+
+  protected static void checkByteStringIsUtf8(ByteString byteString)
+      throws IllegalArgumentException {
+    if (!byteString.isValidUtf8()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Byte string is not UTF-8.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // For binary compatibility
+  @Deprecated
+  protected static <T> void addAll(final Iterable<T> values, final Collection<? super T> list) {
+    Builder.addAll(values, (List) list);
+  }
+
+  protected static <T> void addAll(final Iterable<T> values, final List<? super T> list) {
+    Builder.addAll(values, list);
+  }
+
+  /** Interface for an enum which signifies which field in a {@code oneof} was specified. */
+  protected interface InternalOneOfEnum {
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the field number of the field which was set in this {@code oneof}, or {@code 0} if
+     * none were.
+     */
+    int getNumber();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A partial implementation of the {@link Message.Builder} interface which implements as many
+   * methods of that interface as possible in terms of other methods.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public abstract static class Builder<
+          MessageType extends AbstractMessageLite<MessageType, BuilderType>,
+          BuilderType extends Builder<MessageType, BuilderType>>
+      implements MessageLite.Builder {
+    // The compiler produces an error if this is not declared explicitly.
+    @Override
+    public abstract BuilderType clone();
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+      return mergeFrom(input, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+    }
+
+    // Re-defined here for return type covariance.
+    @Override
+    public abstract BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final CodedInputStream input, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException;
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final ByteString data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        final CodedInputStream input = data.newCodedInput();
+        mergeFrom(input);
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(getReadingExceptionMessage("ByteString"), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final ByteString data, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        final CodedInputStream input = data.newCodedInput();
+        mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(getReadingExceptionMessage("ByteString"), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final byte[] data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return mergeFrom(data, 0, data.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final byte[] data, final int off, final int len)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        final CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data, off, len);
+        mergeFrom(input);
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(getReadingExceptionMessage("byte array"), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final byte[] data, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return mergeFrom(data, 0, data.length, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final byte[] data,
+        final int off,
+        final int len,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        final CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data, off, len);
+        mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(getReadingExceptionMessage("byte array"), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
+      final CodedInputStream codedInput = CodedInputStream.newInstance(input);
+      mergeFrom(codedInput);
+      codedInput.checkLastTagWas(0);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final InputStream input, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      final CodedInputStream codedInput = CodedInputStream.newInstance(input);
+      mergeFrom(codedInput, extensionRegistry);
+      codedInput.checkLastTagWas(0);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An InputStream implementations which reads from some other InputStream but is limited to a
+     * particular number of bytes. Used by mergeDelimitedFrom(). This is intentionally
+     * package-private so that UnknownFieldSet can share it.
+     */
+    static final class LimitedInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
+      private int limit;
+
+      LimitedInputStream(InputStream in, int limit) {
+        super(in);
+        this.limit = limit;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int available() throws IOException {
+        return Math.min(super.available(), limit);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int read() throws IOException {
+        if (limit <= 0) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+        final int result = super.read();
+        if (result >= 0) {
+          --limit;
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int read(final byte[] b, final int off, int len) throws IOException {
+        if (limit <= 0) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+        len = Math.min(len, limit);
+        final int result = super.read(b, off, len);
+        if (result >= 0) {
+          limit -= result;
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public long skip(final long n) throws IOException {
+        final long result = super.skip(Math.min(n, limit));
+        if (result >= 0) {
+          limit -= result;
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean mergeDelimitedFrom(
+        final InputStream input, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      final int firstByte = input.read();
+      if (firstByte == -1) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      final int size = CodedInputStream.readRawVarint32(firstByte, input);
+      final InputStream limitedInput = new LimitedInputStream(input, size);
+      mergeFrom(limitedInput, extensionRegistry);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean mergeDelimitedFrom(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
+      return mergeDelimitedFrom(input, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // isInstance takes care of this
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final MessageLite other) {
+      if (!getDefaultInstanceForType().getClass().isInstance(other)) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "mergeFrom(MessageLite) can only merge messages of the same type.");
+      }
+
+      return internalMergeFrom((MessageType) other);
+    }
+
+    protected abstract BuilderType internalMergeFrom(MessageType message);
+
+    private String getReadingExceptionMessage(String target) {
+      return "Reading "
+          + getClass().getName()
+          + " from a "
+          + target
+          + " threw an IOException (should never happen).";
+    }
+
+    // We check nulls as we iterate to avoid iterating over values twice.
+    private static <T> void addAllCheckingNulls(Iterable<T> values, List<? super T> list) {
+      if (list instanceof ArrayList && values instanceof Collection) {
+        ((ArrayList<T>) list).ensureCapacity(list.size() + ((Collection<T>) values).size());
+      }
+      int begin = list.size();
+      for (T value : values) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          // encountered a null value so we must undo our modifications prior to throwing
+          String message = "Element at index " + (list.size() - begin) + " is null.";
+          for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= begin; i--) {
+            list.remove(i);
+          }
+          throw new NullPointerException(message);
+        }
+        list.add(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Construct an UninitializedMessageException reporting missing fields in the given message. */
+    protected static UninitializedMessageException newUninitializedMessageException(
+        MessageLite message) {
+      return new UninitializedMessageException(message);
+    }
+
+    // For binary compatibility.
+    @Deprecated
+    protected static <T> void addAll(final Iterable<T> values, final Collection<? super T> list) {
+      addAll(values, (List<T>) list);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the {@code values} to the {@code list}. This is a helper method used by generated code.
+     * Users should ignore it.
+     *
+     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code values} or any of the elements of {@code values} is
+     *     null.
+     */
+    protected static <T> void addAll(final Iterable<T> values, final List<? super T> list) {
+      checkNotNull(values);
+      if (values instanceof LazyStringList) {
+        // For StringOrByteStringLists, check the underlying elements to avoid
+        // forcing conversions of ByteStrings to Strings.
+        // TODO(dweis): Could we just prohibit nulls in all protobuf lists and get rid of this? Is
+        // if even possible to hit this condition as all protobuf methods check for null first,
+        // right?
+        List<?> lazyValues = ((LazyStringList) values).getUnderlyingElements();
+        LazyStringList lazyList = (LazyStringList) list;
+        int begin = list.size();
+        for (Object value : lazyValues) {
+          if (value == null) {
+            // encountered a null value so we must undo our modifications prior to throwing
+            String message = "Element at index " + (lazyList.size() - begin) + " is null.";
+            for (int i = lazyList.size() - 1; i >= begin; i--) {
+              lazyList.remove(i);
+            }
+            throw new NullPointerException(message);
+          }
+          if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+            lazyList.add((ByteString) value);
+          } else {
+            lazyList.add((String) value);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (values instanceof PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection) {
+          list.addAll((Collection<T>) values);
+        } else {
+          addAllCheckingNulls(values, list);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractParser.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractParser.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abfaca8cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractParser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.LimitedInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * A partial implementation of the {@link Parser} interface which implements as many methods of that
+ * interface as possible in terms of other methods.
+ *
+ * <p>Note: This class implements all the convenience methods in the {@link Parser} interface. See
+ * {@link Parser} for related javadocs. Subclasses need to implement {@link
+ * Parser#parsePartialFrom(CodedInputStream, ExtensionRegistryLite)}
+ *
+ * @author liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractParser<MessageType extends MessageLite>
+    implements Parser<MessageType> {
+  /** Creates an UninitializedMessageException for MessageType. */
+  private UninitializedMessageException newUninitializedMessageException(MessageType message) {
+    if (message instanceof AbstractMessageLite) {
+      return ((AbstractMessageLite) message).newUninitializedMessageException();
+    }
+    return new UninitializedMessageException(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper method to check if message is initialized.
+   *
+   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException if it is not initialized.
+   * @return The message to check.
+   */
+  private MessageType checkMessageInitialized(MessageType message)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    if (message != null && !message.isInitialized()) {
+      throw newUninitializedMessageException(message)
+          .asInvalidProtocolBufferException()
+          .setUnfinishedMessage(message);
+    }
+    return message;
+  }
+
+  private static final ExtensionRegistryLite EMPTY_REGISTRY =
+      ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry();
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(CodedInputStream input)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialFrom(input, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(CodedInputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(input, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(ByteString data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    MessageType message;
+    try {
+      CodedInputStream input = data.newCodedInput();
+      message = parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+      try {
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(message);
+      }
+      return message;
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(ByteString data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialFrom(data, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(ByteString data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(parsePartialFrom(data, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(ByteString data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(data, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(ByteBuffer data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    MessageType message;
+    try {
+      CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
+      message = parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+      try {
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(message);
+      }
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e;
+    }
+
+    return checkMessageInitialized(message);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(ByteBuffer data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(data, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(
+      byte[] data, int off, int len, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    try {
+      CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data, off, len);
+      MessageType message = parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+      try {
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(message);
+      }
+      return message;
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(byte[] data, int off, int len)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialFrom(data, off, len, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(byte[] data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialFrom(data, 0, data.length, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(byte[] data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialFrom(data, 0, data.length, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(
+      byte[] data, int off, int len, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(parsePartialFrom(data, off, len, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(byte[] data, int off, int len)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(data, off, len, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(byte[] data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(data, 0, data.length, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(byte[] data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(data, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    CodedInputStream codedInput = CodedInputStream.newInstance(input);
+    MessageType message = parsePartialFrom(codedInput, extensionRegistry);
+    try {
+      codedInput.checkLastTagWas(0);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(message);
+    }
+    return message;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(InputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialFrom(input, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(InputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(input, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialDelimitedFrom(
+      InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    int size;
+    try {
+      int firstByte = input.read();
+      if (firstByte == -1) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      size = CodedInputStream.readRawVarint32(firstByte, input);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(e);
+    }
+    InputStream limitedInput = new LimitedInputStream(input, size);
+    return parsePartialFrom(limitedInput, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialDelimitedFrom(InputStream input)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialDelimitedFrom(input, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseDelimitedFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(parsePartialDelimitedFrom(input, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseDelimitedFrom(InputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseDelimitedFrom(input, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProtobufList.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProtobufList.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3220f6407
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProtobufList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList;
+import java.util.AbstractList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.RandomAccess;
+
+/**
+ * An abstract implementation of {@link ProtobufList} which manages mutability semantics. All mutate
+ * methods must check if the list is mutable before proceeding. Subclasses must invoke {@link
+ * #ensureIsMutable()} manually when overriding those methods.
+ *
+ * <p>This implementation assumes all subclasses are array based, supporting random access.
+ */
+abstract class AbstractProtobufList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements ProtobufList<E> {
+
+  protected static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
+
+  /** Whether or not this list is modifiable. */
+  private boolean isMutable;
+
+  /** Constructs a mutable list by default. */
+  AbstractProtobufList() {
+    isMutable = true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (o == this) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!(o instanceof List)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Handle lists that do not support RandomAccess as efficiently as possible by using an iterator
+    // based approach in our super class. Otherwise our index based approach will avoid those
+    // allocations.
+    if (!(o instanceof RandomAccess)) {
+      return super.equals(o);
+    }
+
+    List<?> other = (List<?>) o;
+    final int size = size();
+    if (size != other.size()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      if (!get(i).equals(other.get(i))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    final int size = size();
+    int hashCode = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      hashCode = (31 * hashCode) + get(i).hashCode();
+    }
+    return hashCode;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean add(E e) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.add(e);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void add(int index, E element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    super.add(index, element);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.addAll(c);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.addAll(index, c);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void clear() {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    super.clear();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isModifiable() {
+    return isMutable;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void makeImmutable() {
+    isMutable = false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public E remove(int index) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.remove(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean remove(Object o) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.remove(o);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.removeAll(c);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.retainAll(c);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public E set(int index, E element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.set(index, element);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Throws an {@link UnsupportedOperationException} if the list is immutable. Subclasses are
+   * responsible for invoking this method on mutate operations.
+   */
+  protected void ensureIsMutable() {
+    if (!isMutable) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AllocatedBuffer.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AllocatedBuffer.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a01a6c1a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AllocatedBuffer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * A buffer that was allocated by a {@link BufferAllocator}. For every buffer, it is guaranteed that
+ * at least one of {@link #hasArray()} or {@link #hasNioBuffer()} will be {@code true}.
+ */
+@ExperimentalApi
+abstract class AllocatedBuffer {
+  /**
+   * Indicates whether this buffer contains a backing {@link ByteBuffer} (i.e. it is safe to call
+   * {@link #nioBuffer()}).
+   */
+  public abstract boolean hasNioBuffer();
+
+  /**
+   * Indicates whether this buffer contains a backing array (i.e. it is safe to call {@link
+   * #array()}).
+   */
+  public abstract boolean hasArray();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the {@link ByteBuffer} that backs this buffer <i>(optional operation)</i>.
+   *
+   * <p>Call {@link #hasNioBuffer()} before invoking this method in order to ensure that this buffer
+   * has a backing {@link ByteBuffer}.
+   *
+   * @return The {@link ByteBuffer} that backs this buffer
+   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException If this buffer is not backed by a {@link ByteBuffer}.
+   */
+  public abstract ByteBuffer nioBuffer();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the byte array that backs this buffer <i>(optional operation)</i>.
+   *
+   * <p>Call {@link #hasArray()} before invoking this method in order to ensure that this buffer has
+   * an accessible backing array.
+   *
+   * @return The array that backs this buffer
+   * @throws java.nio.ReadOnlyBufferException If this buffer is backed by an array but is read-only
+   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException If this buffer is not backed by an accessible array
+   */
+  public abstract byte[] array();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the offset within this buffer's backing array of the first element of the buffer
+   * <i>(optional operation)</i>.
+   *
+   * <p>If this buffer is backed by an array then {@link #position()} corresponds to the array index
+   * {@link #position()} {@code +} {@link #arrayOffset()}.
+   *
+   * <p>Invoke the {@link #hasArray hasArray} method before invoking this method in order to ensure
+   * that this buffer has an accessible backing array.
+   *
+   * @return The offset within this buffer's array of the first element of the buffer
+   * @throws java.nio.ReadOnlyBufferException If this buffer is backed by an array but is read-only
+   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException If this buffer is not backed by an accessible array
+   */
+  public abstract int arrayOffset();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns this buffer's position.
+   *
+   * @return The position of this buffer
+   */
+  public abstract int position();
+
+  /**
+   * Sets this buffer's position.
+   *
+   * @param position The new position value; must be non-negative and no larger than the current
+   *     limit
+   * @return This buffer
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the preconditions on {@code position} do not hold
+   */
+  public abstract AllocatedBuffer position(int position);
+
+  /**
+   * Returns this buffer's limit.
+   *
+   * @return The limit of this buffer
+   */
+  public abstract int limit();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the number of elements between the current {@link #position()} and the {@link #limit()}
+   * .
+   *
+   * @return The number of elements remaining in this buffer
+   */
+  public abstract int remaining();
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new {@link AllocatedBuffer} that is backed by the given array. The returned buffer
+   * will have {@link #hasArray} == {@code true}, {@link #arrayOffset()} == {@code 0}, {@link
+   * #position()} == {@code 0} and {@link #limit()} equal to the length of {@code bytes}.
+   */
+  public static AllocatedBuffer wrap(byte[] bytes) {
+    return wrapNoCheck(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new {@link AllocatedBuffer} that is backed by the given array. The returned buffer
+   * will have {@link #hasArray} == {@code true}, {@link #arrayOffset()} == {@code offset}, {@link
+   * #position()} == {@code 0} and {@link #limit()} == {@code length}.
+   */
+  public static AllocatedBuffer wrap(final byte[] bytes, final int offset, final int length) {
+    if (offset < 0 || length < 0 || (offset + length) > bytes.length) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
+          String.format("bytes.length=%d, offset=%d, length=%d", bytes.length, offset, length));
+    }
+
+    return wrapNoCheck(bytes, offset, length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new {@link AllocatedBuffer} that is backed by the given {@link ByteBuffer}. The
+   * returned buffer will have {@link #hasNioBuffer} == {@code true}.
+   */
+  public static AllocatedBuffer wrap(final ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    checkNotNull(buffer, "buffer");
+
+    return new AllocatedBuffer() {
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean hasNioBuffer() {
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public ByteBuffer nioBuffer() {
+        return buffer;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean hasArray() {
+        return buffer.hasArray();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public byte[] array() {
+        return buffer.array();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int arrayOffset() {
+        return buffer.arrayOffset();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int position() {
+        return buffer.position();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public AllocatedBuffer position(int position) {
+        buffer.position(position);
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int limit() {
+        return buffer.limit();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int remaining() {
+        return buffer.remaining();
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  private static AllocatedBuffer wrapNoCheck(
+      final byte[] bytes, final int offset, final int length) {
+    return new AllocatedBuffer() {
+      // Relative to offset.
+      private int position;
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean hasNioBuffer() {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public ByteBuffer nioBuffer() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean hasArray() {
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public byte[] array() {
+        return bytes;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int arrayOffset() {
+        return offset;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int position() {
+        return position;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public AllocatedBuffer position(int position) {
+        if (position < 0 || position > length) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid position: " + position);
+        }
+        this.position = position;
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int limit() {
+        // Relative to offset.
+        return length;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int remaining() {
+        return length - position;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Android.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Android.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cad547839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Android.java
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+final class Android {
+
+  private static final Class<?> MEMORY_CLASS = getClassForName("libcore.io.Memory");
+  private static final boolean IS_ROBOLECTRIC =
+      getClassForName("org.robolectric.Robolectric") != null;
+
+  /** Returns {@code true} if running on an Android device. */
+  static boolean isOnAndroidDevice() {
+    return MEMORY_CLASS != null && !IS_ROBOLECTRIC;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns the memory class or {@code null} if not on Android device. */
+  static Class<?> getMemoryClass() {
+    return MEMORY_CLASS;
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static <T> Class<T> getClassForName(String name) {
+    try {
+      return (Class<T>) Class.forName(name);
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ArrayDecoders.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ArrayDecoders.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a969c04c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ArrayDecoders.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1076 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.MessageSchema.getMutableUnknownFields;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * Helper functions to decode protobuf wire format from a byte array.
+ *
+ * <p>Note that these functions don't do boundary check on the byte array but instead rely on Java
+ * VM to check it. That means parsing rountines utilizing these functions must catch
+ * IndexOutOfBoundsException and convert it to protobuf's InvalidProtocolBufferException when
+ * crossing protobuf public API boundaries.
+ */
+final class ArrayDecoders {
+  /**
+   * A helper used to return multiple values in a Java function. Java doesn't natively support
+   * returning multiple values in a function. Creating a new Object to hold the return values will
+   * be too expensive. Instead, we pass a Registers instance to functions that want to return
+   * multiple values and let the function set the return value in this Registers instance instead.
+   *
+   * <p>TODO(xiaofeng): This could be merged into CodedInputStream or CodedInputStreamReader which
+   * is already being passed through all the parsing rountines.
+   */
+  static final class Registers {
+    public int int1;
+    public long long1;
+    public Object object1;
+    public final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry;
+
+    Registers() {
+      this.extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry();
+    }
+
+    Registers(ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) {
+      if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+        throw new NullPointerException();
+      }
+      this.extensionRegistry = extensionRegistry;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decodes a varint. Returns the position after the varint. The decoded varint is stored in
+   * registers.int1.
+   */
+  static int decodeVarint32(byte[] data, int position, Registers registers) {
+    int value = data[position++];
+    if (value >= 0) {
+      registers.int1 = value;
+      return position;
+    }
+    return decodeVarint32(value, data, position, registers);
+  }
+
+  /** Like decodeVarint32 except that the first byte is already read. */
+  static int decodeVarint32(int firstByte, byte[] data, int position, Registers registers) {
+    int value = firstByte & 0x7F;
+    final byte b2 = data[position++];
+    if (b2 >= 0) {
+      registers.int1 = value | ((int) b2 << 7);
+      return position;
+    }
+    value |= (b2 & 0x7F) << 7;
+
+    final byte b3 = data[position++];
+    if (b3 >= 0) {
+      registers.int1 = value | ((int) b3 << 14);
+      return position;
+    }
+    value |= (b3 & 0x7F) << 14;
+
+    final byte b4 = data[position++];
+    if (b4 >= 0) {
+      registers.int1 = value | ((int) b4 << 21);
+      return position;
+    }
+    value |= (b4 & 0x7F) << 21;
+
+    final byte b5 = data[position++];
+    if (b5 >= 0) {
+      registers.int1 = value | ((int) b5 << 28);
+      return position;
+    }
+    value |= (b5 & 0x7F) << 28;
+
+    while (data[position++] < 0) {}
+
+    registers.int1 = value;
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decodes a varint. Returns the position after the varint. The decoded varint is stored in
+   * registers.long1.
+   */
+  static int decodeVarint64(byte[] data, int position, Registers registers) {
+    long value = data[position++];
+    if (value >= 0) {
+      registers.long1 = value;
+      return position;
+    } else {
+      return decodeVarint64(value, data, position, registers);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Like decodeVarint64 except that the first byte is already read. */
+  static int decodeVarint64(long firstByte, byte[] data, int position, Registers registers) {
+    long value = firstByte & 0x7F;
+    byte next = data[position++];
+    int shift = 7;
+    value |= (long) (next & 0x7F) << 7;
+    while (next < 0) {
+      next = data[position++];
+      shift += 7;
+      value |= (long) (next & 0x7F) << shift;
+    }
+    registers.long1 = value;
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes and returns a fixed32 value. */
+  static int decodeFixed32(byte[] data, int position) {
+    return (data[position] & 0xff)
+        | ((data[position + 1] & 0xff) << 8)
+        | ((data[position + 2] & 0xff) << 16)
+        | ((data[position + 3] & 0xff) << 24);
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes and returns a fixed64 value. */
+  static long decodeFixed64(byte[] data, int position) {
+    return (data[position] & 0xffL)
+        | ((data[position + 1] & 0xffL) << 8)
+        | ((data[position + 2] & 0xffL) << 16)
+        | ((data[position + 3] & 0xffL) << 24)
+        | ((data[position + 4] & 0xffL) << 32)
+        | ((data[position + 5] & 0xffL) << 40)
+        | ((data[position + 6] & 0xffL) << 48)
+        | ((data[position + 7] & 0xffL) << 56);
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes and returns a double value. */
+  static double decodeDouble(byte[] data, int position) {
+    return Double.longBitsToDouble(decodeFixed64(data, position));
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes and returns a float value. */
+  static float decodeFloat(byte[] data, int position) {
+    return Float.intBitsToFloat(decodeFixed32(data, position));
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a string value. */
+  static int decodeString(byte[] data, int position, Registers registers)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int length = registers.int1;
+    if (length < 0) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+    } else if (length == 0) {
+      registers.object1 = "";
+      return position;
+    } else {
+      registers.object1 = new String(data, position, length, Internal.UTF_8);
+      return position + length;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a string value with utf8 check. */
+  static int decodeStringRequireUtf8(byte[] data, int position, Registers registers)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int length = registers.int1;
+    if (length < 0) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+    } else if (length == 0) {
+      registers.object1 = "";
+      return position;
+    } else {
+      registers.object1 = Utf8.decodeUtf8(data, position, length);
+      return position + length;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a bytes value. */
+  static int decodeBytes(byte[] data, int position, Registers registers)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int length = registers.int1;
+    if (length < 0) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+    } else if (length > data.length - position) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    } else if (length == 0) {
+      registers.object1 = ByteString.EMPTY;
+      return position;
+    } else {
+      registers.object1 = ByteString.copyFrom(data, position, length);
+      return position + length;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a message value. */
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+  static int decodeMessageField(
+      Schema schema, byte[] data, int position, int limit, Registers registers) throws IOException {
+    int length = data[position++];
+    if (length < 0) {
+      position = decodeVarint32(length, data, position, registers);
+      length = registers.int1;
+    }
+    if (length < 0 || length > limit - position) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+    Object result = schema.newInstance();
+    schema.mergeFrom(result, data, position, position + length, registers);
+    schema.makeImmutable(result);
+    registers.object1 = result;
+    return position + length;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a group value. */
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+  static int decodeGroupField(
+      Schema schema, byte[] data, int position, int limit, int endGroup, Registers registers)
+      throws IOException {
+    // A group field must has a MessageSchema (the only other subclass of Schema is MessageSetSchema
+    // and it can't be used in group fields).
+    final MessageSchema messageSchema = (MessageSchema) schema;
+    Object result = messageSchema.newInstance();
+    // It's OK to directly use parseProto2Message since proto3 doesn't have group.
+    final int endPosition =
+        messageSchema.parseProto2Message(result, data, position, limit, endGroup, registers);
+    messageSchema.makeImmutable(result);
+    registers.object1 = result;
+    return endPosition;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a repeated 32-bit varint field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodeVarint32List(
+      int tag, byte[] data, int position, int limit, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) {
+    final IntArrayList output = (IntArrayList) list;
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    output.addInt(registers.int1);
+    while (position < limit) {
+      int nextPosition = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      if (tag != registers.int1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      position = decodeVarint32(data, nextPosition, registers);
+      output.addInt(registers.int1);
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a repeated 64-bit varint field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodeVarint64List(
+      int tag, byte[] data, int position, int limit, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) {
+    final LongArrayList output = (LongArrayList) list;
+    position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+    output.addLong(registers.long1);
+    while (position < limit) {
+      int nextPosition = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      if (tag != registers.int1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      position = decodeVarint64(data, nextPosition, registers);
+      output.addLong(registers.long1);
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a repeated fixed32 field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodeFixed32List(
+      int tag, byte[] data, int position, int limit, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) {
+    final IntArrayList output = (IntArrayList) list;
+    output.addInt(decodeFixed32(data, position));
+    position += 4;
+    while (position < limit) {
+      int nextPosition = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      if (tag != registers.int1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      output.addInt(decodeFixed32(data, nextPosition));
+      position = nextPosition + 4;
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a repeated fixed64 field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodeFixed64List(
+      int tag, byte[] data, int position, int limit, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) {
+    final LongArrayList output = (LongArrayList) list;
+    output.addLong(decodeFixed64(data, position));
+    position += 8;
+    while (position < limit) {
+      int nextPosition = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      if (tag != registers.int1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      output.addLong(decodeFixed64(data, nextPosition));
+      position = nextPosition + 8;
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a repeated float field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodeFloatList(
+      int tag, byte[] data, int position, int limit, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) {
+    final FloatArrayList output = (FloatArrayList) list;
+    output.addFloat(decodeFloat(data, position));
+    position += 4;
+    while (position < limit) {
+      int nextPosition = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      if (tag != registers.int1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      output.addFloat(decodeFloat(data, nextPosition));
+      position = nextPosition + 4;
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a repeated double field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodeDoubleList(
+      int tag, byte[] data, int position, int limit, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) {
+    final DoubleArrayList output = (DoubleArrayList) list;
+    output.addDouble(decodeDouble(data, position));
+    position += 8;
+    while (position < limit) {
+      int nextPosition = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      if (tag != registers.int1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      output.addDouble(decodeDouble(data, nextPosition));
+      position = nextPosition + 8;
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a repeated boolean field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodeBoolList(
+      int tag, byte[] data, int position, int limit, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) {
+    final BooleanArrayList output = (BooleanArrayList) list;
+    position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+    output.addBoolean(registers.long1 != 0);
+    while (position < limit) {
+      int nextPosition = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      if (tag != registers.int1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      position = decodeVarint64(data, nextPosition, registers);
+      output.addBoolean(registers.long1 != 0);
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a repeated sint32 field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodeSInt32List(
+      int tag, byte[] data, int position, int limit, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) {
+    final IntArrayList output = (IntArrayList) list;
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    output.addInt(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(registers.int1));
+    while (position < limit) {
+      int nextPosition = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      if (tag != registers.int1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      position = decodeVarint32(data, nextPosition, registers);
+      output.addInt(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(registers.int1));
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a repeated sint64 field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodeSInt64List(
+      int tag, byte[] data, int position, int limit, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) {
+    final LongArrayList output = (LongArrayList) list;
+    position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+    output.addLong(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(registers.long1));
+    while (position < limit) {
+      int nextPosition = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      if (tag != registers.int1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      position = decodeVarint64(data, nextPosition, registers);
+      output.addLong(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(registers.long1));
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a packed 32-bit varint field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodePackedVarint32List(
+      byte[] data, int position, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) throws IOException {
+    final IntArrayList output = (IntArrayList) list;
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int fieldLimit = position + registers.int1;
+    while (position < fieldLimit) {
+      position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      output.addInt(registers.int1);
+    }
+    if (position != fieldLimit) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a packed 64-bit varint field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodePackedVarint64List(
+      byte[] data, int position, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) throws IOException {
+    final LongArrayList output = (LongArrayList) list;
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int fieldLimit = position + registers.int1;
+    while (position < fieldLimit) {
+      position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+      output.addLong(registers.long1);
+    }
+    if (position != fieldLimit) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a packed fixed32 field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodePackedFixed32List(
+      byte[] data, int position, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) throws IOException {
+    final IntArrayList output = (IntArrayList) list;
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int fieldLimit = position + registers.int1;
+    while (position < fieldLimit) {
+      output.addInt(decodeFixed32(data, position));
+      position += 4;
+    }
+    if (position != fieldLimit) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a packed fixed64 field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodePackedFixed64List(
+      byte[] data, int position, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) throws IOException {
+    final LongArrayList output = (LongArrayList) list;
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int fieldLimit = position + registers.int1;
+    while (position < fieldLimit) {
+      output.addLong(decodeFixed64(data, position));
+      position += 8;
+    }
+    if (position != fieldLimit) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a packed float field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodePackedFloatList(
+      byte[] data, int position, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) throws IOException {
+    final FloatArrayList output = (FloatArrayList) list;
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int fieldLimit = position + registers.int1;
+    while (position < fieldLimit) {
+      output.addFloat(decodeFloat(data, position));
+      position += 4;
+    }
+    if (position != fieldLimit) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a packed double field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodePackedDoubleList(
+      byte[] data, int position, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) throws IOException {
+    final DoubleArrayList output = (DoubleArrayList) list;
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int fieldLimit = position + registers.int1;
+    while (position < fieldLimit) {
+      output.addDouble(decodeDouble(data, position));
+      position += 8;
+    }
+    if (position != fieldLimit) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a packed boolean field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodePackedBoolList(
+      byte[] data, int position, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) throws IOException {
+    final BooleanArrayList output = (BooleanArrayList) list;
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int fieldLimit = position + registers.int1;
+    while (position < fieldLimit) {
+      position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+      output.addBoolean(registers.long1 != 0);
+    }
+    if (position != fieldLimit) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a packed sint32 field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  static int decodePackedSInt32List(
+      byte[] data, int position, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) throws IOException {
+    final IntArrayList output = (IntArrayList) list;
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int fieldLimit = position + registers.int1;
+    while (position < fieldLimit) {
+      position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      output.addInt(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(registers.int1));
+    }
+    if (position != fieldLimit) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a packed sint64 field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  static int decodePackedSInt64List(
+      byte[] data, int position, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers) throws IOException {
+    final LongArrayList output = (LongArrayList) list;
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int fieldLimit = position + registers.int1;
+    while (position < fieldLimit) {
+      position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+      output.addLong(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(registers.long1));
+    }
+    if (position != fieldLimit) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a repeated string field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  static int decodeStringList(
+      int tag, byte[] data, int position, int limit, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    final ProtobufList<String> output = (ProtobufList<String>) list;
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int length = registers.int1;
+    if (length < 0) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+    } else if (length == 0) {
+      output.add("");
+    } else {
+      String value = new String(data, position, length, Internal.UTF_8);
+      output.add(value);
+      position += length;
+    }
+    while (position < limit) {
+      int nextPosition = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      if (tag != registers.int1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      position = decodeVarint32(data, nextPosition, registers);
+      final int nextLength = registers.int1;
+      if (nextLength < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      } else if (nextLength == 0) {
+        output.add("");
+      } else {
+        String value = new String(data, position, nextLength, Internal.UTF_8);
+        output.add(value);
+        position += nextLength;
+      }
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decodes a repeated string field with utf8 check. Returns the position after all read values.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  static int decodeStringListRequireUtf8(
+      int tag, byte[] data, int position, int limit, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    final ProtobufList<String> output = (ProtobufList<String>) list;
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int length = registers.int1;
+    if (length < 0) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+    } else if (length == 0) {
+      output.add("");
+    } else {
+      if (!Utf8.isValidUtf8(data, position, position + length)) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+      }
+      String value = new String(data, position, length, Internal.UTF_8);
+      output.add(value);
+      position += length;
+    }
+    while (position < limit) {
+      int nextPosition = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      if (tag != registers.int1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      position = decodeVarint32(data, nextPosition, registers);
+      final int nextLength = registers.int1;
+      if (nextLength < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      } else if (nextLength == 0) {
+        output.add("");
+      } else {
+        if (!Utf8.isValidUtf8(data, position, position + nextLength)) {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+        }
+        String value = new String(data, position, nextLength, Internal.UTF_8);
+        output.add(value);
+        position += nextLength;
+      }
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a repeated bytes field. Returns the position after all read values. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  static int decodeBytesList(
+      int tag, byte[] data, int position, int limit, ProtobufList<?> list, Registers registers)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    final ProtobufList<ByteString> output = (ProtobufList<ByteString>) list;
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int length = registers.int1;
+    if (length < 0) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+    } else if (length > data.length - position) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    } else if (length == 0) {
+      output.add(ByteString.EMPTY);
+    } else {
+      output.add(ByteString.copyFrom(data, position, length));
+      position += length;
+    }
+    while (position < limit) {
+      int nextPosition = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      if (tag != registers.int1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      position = decodeVarint32(data, nextPosition, registers);
+      final int nextLength = registers.int1;
+      if (nextLength < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      } else if (nextLength > data.length - position) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      } else if (nextLength == 0) {
+        output.add(ByteString.EMPTY);
+      } else {
+        output.add(ByteString.copyFrom(data, position, nextLength));
+        position += nextLength;
+      }
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decodes a repeated message field
+   *
+   * @return The position of after read all messages
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
+  static int decodeMessageList(
+      Schema<?> schema,
+      int tag,
+      byte[] data,
+      int position,
+      int limit,
+      ProtobufList<?> list,
+      Registers registers)
+      throws IOException {
+    final ProtobufList<Object> output = (ProtobufList<Object>) list;
+    position = decodeMessageField(schema, data, position, limit, registers);
+    output.add(registers.object1);
+    while (position < limit) {
+      int nextPosition = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      if (tag != registers.int1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      position = decodeMessageField(schema, data, nextPosition, limit, registers);
+      output.add(registers.object1);
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decodes a repeated group field
+   *
+   * @return The position of after read all groups
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+  static int decodeGroupList(
+      Schema schema,
+      int tag,
+      byte[] data,
+      int position,
+      int limit,
+      ProtobufList<?> list,
+      Registers registers)
+      throws IOException {
+    final ProtobufList<Object> output = (ProtobufList<Object>) list;
+    final int endgroup = (tag & ~0x7) | WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP;
+    position = decodeGroupField(schema, data, position, limit, endgroup, registers);
+    output.add(registers.object1);
+    while (position < limit) {
+      int nextPosition = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      if (tag != registers.int1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      position = decodeGroupField(schema, data, nextPosition, limit, endgroup, registers);
+      output.add(registers.object1);
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  static int decodeExtensionOrUnknownField(
+      int tag, byte[] data, int position, int limit,
+      Object message,
+      MessageLite defaultInstance,
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UnknownFieldSetLite, UnknownFieldSetLite> unknownFieldSchema,
+      Registers registers)
+      throws IOException {
+    final int number = tag >>> 3;
+    GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension extension =
+        registers.extensionRegistry.findLiteExtensionByNumber(defaultInstance, number);
+    if (extension == null) {
+      return decodeUnknownField(
+          tag, data, position, limit, getMutableUnknownFields(message), registers);
+    } else  {
+      ((GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableMessage<?, ?>) message).ensureExtensionsAreMutable();
+      return decodeExtension(
+          tag, data, position, limit, (GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableMessage) message,
+          extension, unknownFieldSchema, registers);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int decodeExtension(
+      int tag,
+      byte[] data,
+      int position,
+      int limit,
+      GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableMessage<?, ?> message,
+      GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<?, ?> extension,
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UnknownFieldSetLite, UnknownFieldSetLite> unknownFieldSchema,
+      Registers registers)
+      throws IOException {
+    final FieldSet<GeneratedMessageLite.ExtensionDescriptor> extensions = message.extensions;
+    final int fieldNumber = tag >>> 3;
+    if (extension.descriptor.isRepeated() && extension.descriptor.isPacked()) {
+      switch (extension.getLiteType()) {
+        case DOUBLE:
+        {
+          DoubleArrayList list = new DoubleArrayList();
+          position = decodePackedDoubleList(data, position, list, registers);
+          extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, list);
+          break;
+        }
+        case FLOAT:
+        {
+          FloatArrayList list = new FloatArrayList();
+          position = decodePackedFloatList(data, position, list, registers);
+          extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, list);
+          break;
+        }
+        case INT64:
+        case UINT64:
+        {
+          LongArrayList list = new LongArrayList();
+          position = decodePackedVarint64List(data, position, list, registers);
+          extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, list);
+          break;
+        }
+        case INT32:
+        case UINT32:
+        {
+          IntArrayList list = new IntArrayList();
+          position = decodePackedVarint32List(data, position, list, registers);
+          extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, list);
+          break;
+        }
+        case FIXED64:
+        case SFIXED64:
+        {
+          LongArrayList list = new LongArrayList();
+          position = decodePackedFixed64List(data, position, list, registers);
+          extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, list);
+          break;
+        }
+        case FIXED32:
+        case SFIXED32:
+        {
+          IntArrayList list = new IntArrayList();
+          position = decodePackedFixed32List(data, position, list, registers);
+          extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, list);
+          break;
+        }
+        case BOOL:
+        {
+          BooleanArrayList list = new BooleanArrayList();
+          position = decodePackedBoolList(data, position, list, registers);
+          extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, list);
+          break;
+        }
+        case SINT32:
+        {
+          IntArrayList list = new IntArrayList();
+          position = decodePackedSInt32List(data, position, list, registers);
+          extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, list);
+          break;
+        }
+        case SINT64:
+        {
+          LongArrayList list = new LongArrayList();
+          position = decodePackedSInt64List(data, position, list, registers);
+          extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, list);
+          break;
+        }
+        case ENUM:
+        {
+          IntArrayList list = new IntArrayList();
+          position = decodePackedVarint32List(data, position, list, registers);
+          UnknownFieldSetLite unknownFields = message.unknownFields;
+          if (unknownFields == UnknownFieldSetLite.getDefaultInstance()) {
+            unknownFields = null;
+          }
+          unknownFields =
+              SchemaUtil.filterUnknownEnumList(
+                  fieldNumber,
+                  list,
+                  extension.descriptor.getEnumType(),
+                  unknownFields,
+                  unknownFieldSchema);
+          if (unknownFields != null) {
+            message.unknownFields = unknownFields;
+          }
+          extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, list);
+          break;
+        }
+        default:
+          throw new IllegalStateException(
+              "Type cannot be packed: " + extension.descriptor.getLiteType());
+      }
+    } else {
+      Object value = null;
+      // Enum is a special case becasue unknown enum values will be put into UnknownFieldSetLite.
+      if (extension.getLiteType() == WireFormat.FieldType.ENUM) {
+        position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+        Object enumValue = extension.descriptor.getEnumType().findValueByNumber(registers.int1);
+        if (enumValue == null) {
+          UnknownFieldSetLite unknownFields = ((GeneratedMessageLite) message).unknownFields;
+          if (unknownFields == UnknownFieldSetLite.getDefaultInstance()) {
+            unknownFields = UnknownFieldSetLite.newInstance();
+            ((GeneratedMessageLite) message).unknownFields = unknownFields;
+          }
+          SchemaUtil.storeUnknownEnum(
+              fieldNumber, registers.int1, unknownFields, unknownFieldSchema);
+          return position;
+        }
+        // Note, we store the integer value instead of the actual enum object in FieldSet.
+        // This is also different from full-runtime where we store EnumValueDescriptor.
+        value = registers.int1;
+      } else {
+        switch (extension.getLiteType()) {
+          case DOUBLE:
+            value = decodeDouble(data, position);
+            position += 8;
+            break;
+          case FLOAT:
+            value = decodeFloat(data, position);
+            position += 4;
+            break;
+          case INT64:
+          case UINT64:
+            position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+            value = registers.long1;
+            break;
+          case INT32:
+          case UINT32:
+            position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+            value = registers.int1;
+            break;
+          case FIXED64:
+          case SFIXED64:
+            value = decodeFixed64(data, position);
+            position += 8;
+            break;
+          case FIXED32:
+          case SFIXED32:
+            value = decodeFixed32(data, position);
+            position += 4;
+            break;
+          case BOOL:
+            position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+            value = (registers.long1 != 0);
+            break;
+          case BYTES:
+            position = decodeBytes(data, position, registers);
+            value = registers.object1;
+            break;
+          case SINT32:
+            position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+            value = CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(registers.int1);
+            break;
+          case SINT64:
+            position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+            value = CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(registers.long1);
+            break;
+          case STRING:
+            position = decodeString(data, position, registers);
+            value = registers.object1;
+            break;
+          case GROUP:
+            final int endTag = (fieldNumber << 3) | WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP;
+            position = decodeGroupField(
+                Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(extension.getMessageDefaultInstance().getClass()),
+                data, position, limit, endTag, registers);
+            value = registers.object1;
+            break;
+
+          case MESSAGE:
+            position = decodeMessageField(
+                Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(extension.getMessageDefaultInstance().getClass()),
+                data, position, limit, registers);
+            value = registers.object1;
+            break;
+
+          case ENUM:
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Shouldn't reach here.");
+        }
+      }
+      if (extension.isRepeated()) {
+        extensions.addRepeatedField(extension.descriptor, value);
+      } else {
+        switch (extension.getLiteType()) {
+          case MESSAGE:
+          case GROUP:
+            Object oldValue = extensions.getField(extension.descriptor);
+            if (oldValue != null) {
+              value = Internal.mergeMessage(oldValue, value);
+            }
+            break;
+          default:
+            break;
+        }
+        extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, value);
+      }
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes an unknown field. */
+  static int decodeUnknownField(
+      int tag,
+      byte[] data,
+      int position,
+      int limit,
+      UnknownFieldSetLite unknownFields,
+      Registers registers)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    if (WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag) == 0) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag();
+    }
+    switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+        position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+        unknownFields.storeField(tag, registers.long1);
+        return position;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+        unknownFields.storeField(tag, decodeFixed32(data, position));
+        return position + 4;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+        unknownFields.storeField(tag, decodeFixed64(data, position));
+        return position + 8;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+        position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+        final int length = registers.int1;
+        if (length < 0) {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+        } else if (length > data.length - position) {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+        } else if (length == 0) {
+          unknownFields.storeField(tag, ByteString.EMPTY);
+        } else {
+          unknownFields.storeField(tag, ByteString.copyFrom(data, position, length));
+        }
+        return position + length;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+        final UnknownFieldSetLite child = UnknownFieldSetLite.newInstance();
+        final int endGroup = (tag & ~0x7) | WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP;
+        int lastTag = 0;
+        while (position < limit) {
+          position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+          lastTag = registers.int1;
+          if (lastTag == endGroup) {
+            break;
+          }
+          position = decodeUnknownField(lastTag, data, position, limit, child, registers);
+        }
+        if (position > limit || lastTag != endGroup) {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+        }
+        unknownFields.storeField(tag, child);
+        return position;
+      default:
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Skips an unknown field. */
+  static int skipField(int tag, byte[] data, int position, int limit, Registers registers)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    if (WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag) == 0) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag();
+    }
+    switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+        position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+        return position;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+        return position + 4;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+        return position + 8;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+        position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+        return position + registers.int1;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+        final int endGroup = (tag & ~0x7) | WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP;
+        int lastTag = 0;
+        while (position < limit) {
+          position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+          lastTag = registers.int1;
+          if (lastTag == endGroup) {
+            break;
+          }
+          position = skipField(lastTag, data, position, limit, registers);
+        }
+        if (position > limit || lastTag != endGroup) {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+        }
+        return position;
+      default:
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BinaryReader.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BinaryReader.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d64574c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BinaryReader.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1729 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FIXED32_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FIXED64_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link Reader} that reads from a buffer containing a message serialized with the binary
+ * protocol.
+ */
+@ExperimentalApi
+abstract class BinaryReader implements Reader {
+  private static final int FIXED32_MULTIPLE_MASK = FIXED32_SIZE - 1;
+  private static final int FIXED64_MULTIPLE_MASK = FIXED64_SIZE - 1;
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new reader using the given {@code buffer} as input.
+   *
+   * @param buffer the input buffer. The buffer (including position, limit, etc.) will not be
+   *     modified. To increment the buffer position after the read completes, use the value returned
+   *     by {@link #getTotalBytesRead()}.
+   * @param bufferIsImmutable if {@code true} the reader assumes that the content of {@code buffer}
+   *     will never change and any allocated {@link ByteString} instances will by directly wrap
+   *     slices of {@code buffer}.
+   * @return the reader
+   */
+  public static BinaryReader newInstance(ByteBuffer buffer, boolean bufferIsImmutable) {
+    if (buffer.hasArray()) {
+      // TODO(nathanmittler): Add support for unsafe operations.
+      return new SafeHeapReader(buffer, bufferIsImmutable);
+    }
+    // TODO(nathanmittler): Add support for direct buffers
+    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Direct buffers not yet supported");
+  }
+
+  /** Only allow subclassing for inner classes. */
+  private BinaryReader() {}
+
+  /** Returns the total number of bytes read so far from the input buffer. */
+  public abstract int getTotalBytesRead();
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean shouldDiscardUnknownFields() {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A {@link BinaryReader} implementation that operates on a heap {@link ByteBuffer}. Uses only
+   * safe operations on the underlying array.
+   */
+  private static final class SafeHeapReader extends BinaryReader {
+    private final boolean bufferIsImmutable;
+    private final byte[] buffer;
+    private int pos;
+    private final int initialPos;
+    private int limit;
+    private int tag;
+    private int endGroupTag;
+
+    public SafeHeapReader(ByteBuffer bytebuf, boolean bufferIsImmutable) {
+      this.bufferIsImmutable = bufferIsImmutable;
+      buffer = bytebuf.array();
+      initialPos = pos = bytebuf.arrayOffset() + bytebuf.position();
+      limit = bytebuf.arrayOffset() + bytebuf.limit();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isAtEnd() {
+      return pos == limit;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesRead() {
+      return pos - initialPos;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getFieldNumber() throws IOException {
+      if (isAtEnd()) {
+        return Reader.READ_DONE;
+      }
+      tag = readVarint32();
+      if (tag == endGroupTag) {
+        return Reader.READ_DONE;
+      }
+      return WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTag() {
+      return tag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField() throws IOException {
+      if (isAtEnd() || tag == endGroupTag) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          skipVarint();
+          return true;
+        case WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          skipBytes(FIXED64_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          skipBytes(readVarint32());
+          return true;
+        case WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          skipBytes(FIXED32_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        case WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          skipGroup();
+          return true;
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double readDouble() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+      return Double.longBitsToDouble(readLittleEndian64());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float readFloat() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+      return Float.intBitsToFloat(readLittleEndian32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readUInt64() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      return readVarint64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readInt64() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      return readVarint64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readInt32() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      return readVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readFixed64() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+      return readLittleEndian64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readFixed32() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+      return readLittleEndian32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean readBool() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      return readVarint32() != 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String readString() throws IOException {
+      return readStringInternal(false);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String readStringRequireUtf8() throws IOException {
+      return readStringInternal(true);
+    }
+
+    public String readStringInternal(boolean requireUtf8) throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      final int size = readVarint32();
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return "";
+      }
+
+      requireBytes(size);
+      if (requireUtf8 && !Utf8.isValidUtf8(buffer, pos, pos + size)) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+      }
+      String result = new String(buffer, pos, size, Internal.UTF_8);
+      pos += size;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> T readMessage(Class<T> clazz, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      return readMessage(Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(clazz), extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> T readMessageBySchemaWithCheck(
+        Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      return readMessage(schema, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    private <T> T readMessage(Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      int size = readVarint32();
+      requireBytes(size);
+
+      // Update the limit.
+      int prevLimit = limit;
+      int newLimit = pos + size;
+      limit = newLimit;
+
+      try {
+        // Allocate and read the message.
+        T message = schema.newInstance();
+        schema.mergeFrom(message, this, extensionRegistry);
+        schema.makeImmutable(message);
+
+        if (pos != newLimit) {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+        }
+        return message;
+      } finally {
+        // Restore the limit.
+        limit = prevLimit;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> T readGroup(Class<T> clazz, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      return readGroup(Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(clazz), extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> T readGroupBySchemaWithCheck(
+        Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      return readGroup(schema, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    private <T> T readGroup(Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      int prevEndGroupTag = endGroupTag;
+      endGroupTag = WireFormat.makeTag(WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+
+      try {
+        // Allocate and read the message.
+        T message = schema.newInstance();
+        schema.mergeFrom(message, this, extensionRegistry);
+        schema.makeImmutable(message);
+
+        if (tag != endGroupTag) {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+        }
+        return message;
+      } finally {
+        // Restore the old end group tag.
+        endGroupTag = prevEndGroupTag;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteString readBytes() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      int size = readVarint32();
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return ByteString.EMPTY;
+      }
+
+      requireBytes(size);
+      ByteString bytes =
+          bufferIsImmutable
+              ? ByteString.wrap(buffer, pos, size)
+              : ByteString.copyFrom(buffer, pos, size);
+      pos += size;
+      return bytes;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readUInt32() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      return readVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readEnum() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      return readVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readSFixed32() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+      return readLittleEndian32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readSFixed64() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+      return readLittleEndian64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readSInt32() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      return CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(readVarint32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readSInt64() throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      return CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(readVarint64());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readDoubleList(List<Double> target) throws IOException {
+      if (target instanceof DoubleArrayList) {
+        DoubleArrayList plist = (DoubleArrayList) target;
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            verifyPackedFixed64Length(bytes);
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              plist.addDouble(Double.longBitsToDouble(readLittleEndian64_NoCheck()));
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+            while (true) {
+              plist.addDouble(readDouble());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            verifyPackedFixed64Length(bytes);
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              target.add(Double.longBitsToDouble(readLittleEndian64_NoCheck()));
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+            while (true) {
+              target.add(readDouble());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readFloatList(List<Float> target) throws IOException {
+      if (target instanceof FloatArrayList) {
+        FloatArrayList plist = (FloatArrayList) target;
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            verifyPackedFixed32Length(bytes);
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              plist.addFloat(Float.intBitsToFloat(readLittleEndian32_NoCheck()));
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+            while (true) {
+              plist.addFloat(readFloat());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            verifyPackedFixed32Length(bytes);
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              target.add(Float.intBitsToFloat(readLittleEndian32_NoCheck()));
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+            while (true) {
+              target.add(readFloat());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readUInt64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException {
+      if (target instanceof LongArrayList) {
+        LongArrayList plist = (LongArrayList) target;
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              plist.addLong(readVarint64());
+            }
+            requirePosition(fieldEndPos);
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              plist.addLong(readUInt64());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              target.add(readVarint64());
+            }
+            requirePosition(fieldEndPos);
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              target.add(readUInt64());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readInt64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException {
+      if (target instanceof LongArrayList) {
+        LongArrayList plist = (LongArrayList) target;
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              plist.addLong(readVarint64());
+            }
+            requirePosition(fieldEndPos);
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              plist.addLong(readInt64());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              target.add(readVarint64());
+            }
+            requirePosition(fieldEndPos);
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              target.add(readInt64());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readInt32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException {
+      if (target instanceof IntArrayList) {
+        IntArrayList plist = (IntArrayList) target;
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              plist.addInt(readVarint32());
+            }
+            requirePosition(fieldEndPos);
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              plist.addInt(readInt32());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              target.add(readVarint32());
+            }
+            requirePosition(fieldEndPos);
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              target.add(readInt32());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readFixed64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException {
+      if (target instanceof LongArrayList) {
+        LongArrayList plist = (LongArrayList) target;
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            verifyPackedFixed64Length(bytes);
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              plist.addLong(readLittleEndian64_NoCheck());
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+            while (true) {
+              plist.addLong(readFixed64());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            verifyPackedFixed64Length(bytes);
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              target.add(readLittleEndian64_NoCheck());
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+            while (true) {
+              target.add(readFixed64());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readFixed32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException {
+      if (target instanceof IntArrayList) {
+        IntArrayList plist = (IntArrayList) target;
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            verifyPackedFixed32Length(bytes);
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              plist.addInt(readLittleEndian32_NoCheck());
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+            while (true) {
+              plist.addInt(readFixed32());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            verifyPackedFixed32Length(bytes);
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              target.add(readLittleEndian32_NoCheck());
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+            while (true) {
+              target.add(readFixed32());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readBoolList(List<Boolean> target) throws IOException {
+      if (target instanceof BooleanArrayList) {
+        BooleanArrayList plist = (BooleanArrayList) target;
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              plist.addBoolean(readVarint32() != 0);
+            }
+            requirePosition(fieldEndPos);
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              plist.addBoolean(readBool());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              target.add(readVarint32() != 0);
+            }
+            requirePosition(fieldEndPos);
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              target.add(readBool());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readStringList(List<String> target) throws IOException {
+      readStringListInternal(target, false);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readStringListRequireUtf8(List<String> target) throws IOException {
+      readStringListInternal(target, true);
+    }
+
+    public void readStringListInternal(List<String> target, boolean requireUtf8)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag) != WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+
+      if (target instanceof LazyStringList && !requireUtf8) {
+        LazyStringList lazyList = (LazyStringList) target;
+        while (true) {
+          lazyList.add(readBytes());
+
+          if (isAtEnd()) {
+            return;
+          }
+          int prevPos = pos;
+          int nextTag = readVarint32();
+          if (nextTag != tag) {
+            // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+            // the new tag.
+            pos = prevPos;
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        while (true) {
+          target.add(readStringInternal(requireUtf8));
+
+          if (isAtEnd()) {
+            return;
+          }
+          int prevPos = pos;
+          int nextTag = readVarint32();
+          if (nextTag != tag) {
+            // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+            // the new tag.
+            pos = prevPos;
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> void readMessageList(
+        List<T> target, Class<T> targetType, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      final Schema<T> schema = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(targetType);
+      readMessageList(target, schema, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> void readMessageList(
+        List<T> target, Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag) != WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+      final int listTag = tag;
+      while (true) {
+        target.add(readMessage(schema, extensionRegistry));
+
+        if (isAtEnd()) {
+          return;
+        }
+        int prevPos = pos;
+        int nextTag = readVarint32();
+        if (nextTag != listTag) {
+          // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+          // the new tag.
+          pos = prevPos;
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> void readGroupList(
+        List<T> target, Class<T> targetType, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      final Schema<T> schema = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(targetType);
+      readGroupList(target, schema, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> void readGroupList(
+        List<T> target, Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag) != WIRETYPE_START_GROUP) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+      final int listTag = tag;
+      while (true) {
+        target.add(readGroup(schema, extensionRegistry));
+
+        if (isAtEnd()) {
+          return;
+        }
+        int prevPos = pos;
+        int nextTag = readVarint32();
+        if (nextTag != listTag) {
+          // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+          // the new tag.
+          pos = prevPos;
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readBytesList(List<ByteString> target) throws IOException {
+      if (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag) != WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+
+      while (true) {
+        target.add(readBytes());
+
+        if (isAtEnd()) {
+          return;
+        }
+        int prevPos = pos;
+        int nextTag = readVarint32();
+        if (nextTag != tag) {
+          // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+          // the new tag.
+          pos = prevPos;
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readUInt32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException {
+      if (target instanceof IntArrayList) {
+        IntArrayList plist = (IntArrayList) target;
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              plist.addInt(readVarint32());
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              plist.addInt(readUInt32());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              target.add(readVarint32());
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              target.add(readUInt32());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readEnumList(List<Integer> target) throws IOException {
+      if (target instanceof IntArrayList) {
+        IntArrayList plist = (IntArrayList) target;
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              plist.addInt(readVarint32());
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              plist.addInt(readEnum());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              target.add(readVarint32());
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              target.add(readEnum());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readSFixed32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException {
+      if (target instanceof IntArrayList) {
+        IntArrayList plist = (IntArrayList) target;
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            verifyPackedFixed32Length(bytes);
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              plist.addInt(readLittleEndian32_NoCheck());
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+            while (true) {
+              plist.addInt(readSFixed32());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            verifyPackedFixed32Length(bytes);
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              target.add(readLittleEndian32_NoCheck());
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+            while (true) {
+              target.add(readSFixed32());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readSFixed64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException {
+      if (target instanceof LongArrayList) {
+        LongArrayList plist = (LongArrayList) target;
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            verifyPackedFixed64Length(bytes);
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              plist.addLong(readLittleEndian64_NoCheck());
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+            while (true) {
+              plist.addLong(readSFixed64());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            verifyPackedFixed64Length(bytes);
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              target.add(readLittleEndian64_NoCheck());
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+            while (true) {
+              target.add(readSFixed64());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readSInt32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException {
+      if (target instanceof IntArrayList) {
+        IntArrayList plist = (IntArrayList) target;
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              plist.addInt(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(readVarint32()));
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              plist.addInt(readSInt32());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              target.add(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(readVarint32()));
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              target.add(readSInt32());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readSInt64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException {
+      if (target instanceof LongArrayList) {
+        LongArrayList plist = (LongArrayList) target;
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              plist.addLong(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(readVarint64()));
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              plist.addLong(readSInt64());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      } else {
+        switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+          case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+            final int bytes = readVarint32();
+            final int fieldEndPos = pos + bytes;
+            while (pos < fieldEndPos) {
+              target.add(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(readVarint64()));
+            }
+            break;
+          case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+            while (true) {
+              target.add(readSInt64());
+
+              if (isAtEnd()) {
+                return;
+              }
+              int prevPos = pos;
+              int nextTag = readVarint32();
+              if (nextTag != tag) {
+                // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Rewind the buffer position to before
+                // the new tag.
+                pos = prevPos;
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          default:
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Override
+    public <K, V> void readMap(
+        Map<K, V> target,
+        MapEntryLite.Metadata<K, V> metadata,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      requireWireType(WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      int size = readVarint32();
+      requireBytes(size);
+
+      // Update the limit.
+      int prevLimit = limit;
+      int newLimit = pos + size;
+      limit = newLimit;
+
+      try {
+        K key = metadata.defaultKey;
+        V value = metadata.defaultValue;
+        while (true) {
+          int number = getFieldNumber();
+          if (number == READ_DONE) {
+            break;
+          }
+          try {
+            switch (number) {
+              case 1:
+                key = (K) readField(metadata.keyType, null, null);
+                break;
+              case 2:
+                value =
+                    (V)
+                        readField(
+                            metadata.valueType,
+                            metadata.defaultValue.getClass(),
+                            extensionRegistry);
+                break;
+              default:
+                if (!skipField()) {
+                  throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Unable to parse map entry.");
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+          } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWireTypeException ignore) {
+            // the type doesn't match, skip the field.
+            if (!skipField()) {
+              throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Unable to parse map entry.");
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        target.put(key, value);
+      } finally {
+        // Restore the limit.
+        limit = prevLimit;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private Object readField(
+        WireFormat.FieldType fieldType,
+        Class<?> messageType,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      switch (fieldType) {
+        case BOOL:
+          return readBool();
+        case BYTES:
+          return readBytes();
+        case DOUBLE:
+          return readDouble();
+        case ENUM:
+          return readEnum();
+        case FIXED32:
+          return readFixed32();
+        case FIXED64:
+          return readFixed64();
+        case FLOAT:
+          return readFloat();
+        case INT32:
+          return readInt32();
+        case INT64:
+          return readInt64();
+        case MESSAGE:
+          return readMessage(messageType, extensionRegistry);
+        case SFIXED32:
+          return readSFixed32();
+        case SFIXED64:
+          return readSFixed64();
+        case SINT32:
+          return readSInt32();
+        case SINT64:
+          return readSInt64();
+        case STRING:
+          return readStringRequireUtf8();
+        case UINT32:
+          return readUInt32();
+        case UINT64:
+          return readUInt64();
+        default:
+          throw new RuntimeException("unsupported field type.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Read a raw Varint from the stream. If larger than 32 bits, discard the upper bits. */
+    private int readVarint32() throws IOException {
+      // See implementation notes for readRawVarint64
+      int i = pos;
+
+      if (limit == pos) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+
+      int x;
+      if ((x = buffer[i++]) >= 0) {
+        pos = i;
+        return x;
+      } else if (limit - i < 9) {
+        return (int) readVarint64SlowPath();
+      } else if ((x ^= (buffer[i++] << 7)) < 0) {
+        x ^= (~0 << 7);
+      } else if ((x ^= (buffer[i++] << 14)) >= 0) {
+        x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14);
+      } else if ((x ^= (buffer[i++] << 21)) < 0) {
+        x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21);
+      } else {
+        int y = buffer[i++];
+        x ^= y << 28;
+        x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21) ^ (~0 << 28);
+        if (y < 0
+            && buffer[i++] < 0
+            && buffer[i++] < 0
+            && buffer[i++] < 0
+            && buffer[i++] < 0
+            && buffer[i++] < 0) {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+        }
+      }
+      pos = i;
+      return x;
+    }
+
+    public long readVarint64() throws IOException {
+      // Implementation notes:
+      //
+      // Optimized for one-byte values, expected to be common.
+      // The particular code below was selected from various candidates
+      // empirically, by winning VarintBenchmark.
+      //
+      // Sign extension of (signed) Java bytes is usually a nuisance, but
+      // we exploit it here to more easily obtain the sign of bytes read.
+      // Instead of cleaning up the sign extension bits by masking eagerly,
+      // we delay until we find the final (positive) byte, when we clear all
+      // accumulated bits with one xor.  We depend on javac to constant fold.
+      int i = pos;
+
+      if (limit == i) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+
+      final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+      long x;
+      int y;
+      if ((y = buffer[i++]) >= 0) {
+        pos = i;
+        return y;
+      } else if (limit - i < 9) {
+        return readVarint64SlowPath();
+      } else if ((y ^= (buffer[i++] << 7)) < 0) {
+        x = y ^ (~0 << 7);
+      } else if ((y ^= (buffer[i++] << 14)) >= 0) {
+        x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14));
+      } else if ((y ^= (buffer[i++] << 21)) < 0) {
+        x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21));
+      } else if ((x = y ^ ((long) buffer[i++] << 28)) >= 0L) {
+        x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28);
+      } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[i++] << 35)) < 0L) {
+        x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35);
+      } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[i++] << 42)) >= 0L) {
+        x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35) ^ (~0L << 42);
+      } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[i++] << 49)) < 0L) {
+        x ^=
+            (~0L << 7)
+                ^ (~0L << 14)
+                ^ (~0L << 21)
+                ^ (~0L << 28)
+                ^ (~0L << 35)
+                ^ (~0L << 42)
+                ^ (~0L << 49);
+      } else {
+        x ^= ((long) buffer[i++] << 56);
+        x ^=
+            (~0L << 7)
+                ^ (~0L << 14)
+                ^ (~0L << 21)
+                ^ (~0L << 28)
+                ^ (~0L << 35)
+                ^ (~0L << 42)
+                ^ (~0L << 49)
+                ^ (~0L << 56);
+        if (x < 0L) {
+          if (buffer[i++] < 0L) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      pos = i;
+      return x;
+    }
+
+    private long readVarint64SlowPath() throws IOException {
+      long result = 0;
+      for (int shift = 0; shift < 64; shift += 7) {
+        final byte b = readByte();
+        result |= (long) (b & 0x7F) << shift;
+        if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
+          return result;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    private byte readByte() throws IOException {
+      if (pos == limit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      return buffer[pos++];
+    }
+
+    private int readLittleEndian32() throws IOException {
+      requireBytes(FIXED32_SIZE);
+      return readLittleEndian32_NoCheck();
+    }
+
+    private long readLittleEndian64() throws IOException {
+      requireBytes(FIXED64_SIZE);
+      return readLittleEndian64_NoCheck();
+    }
+
+    private int readLittleEndian32_NoCheck() {
+      int p = pos;
+      final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+      pos = p + FIXED32_SIZE;
+      return (((buffer[p] & 0xff))
+          | ((buffer[p + 1] & 0xff) << 8)
+          | ((buffer[p + 2] & 0xff) << 16)
+          | ((buffer[p + 3] & 0xff) << 24));
+    }
+
+    private long readLittleEndian64_NoCheck() {
+      int p = pos;
+      final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+      pos = p + FIXED64_SIZE;
+      return (((buffer[p] & 0xffL))
+          | ((buffer[p + 1] & 0xffL) << 8)
+          | ((buffer[p + 2] & 0xffL) << 16)
+          | ((buffer[p + 3] & 0xffL) << 24)
+          | ((buffer[p + 4] & 0xffL) << 32)
+          | ((buffer[p + 5] & 0xffL) << 40)
+          | ((buffer[p + 6] & 0xffL) << 48)
+          | ((buffer[p + 7] & 0xffL) << 56));
+    }
+
+    private void skipVarint() throws IOException {
+      if (limit - pos >= 10) {
+        final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+        int p = pos;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+          if (buffer[p++] >= 0) {
+            pos = p;
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      skipVarintSlowPath();
+    }
+
+    private void skipVarintSlowPath() throws IOException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        if (readByte() >= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    private void skipBytes(final int size) throws IOException {
+      requireBytes(size);
+
+      pos += size;
+    }
+
+    private void skipGroup() throws IOException {
+      int prevEndGroupTag = endGroupTag;
+      endGroupTag = WireFormat.makeTag(WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+      while (true) {
+        if (getFieldNumber() == READ_DONE || !skipField()) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (tag != endGroupTag) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+      }
+      endGroupTag = prevEndGroupTag;
+    }
+
+    private void requireBytes(int size) throws IOException {
+      if (size < 0 || size > (limit - pos)) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void requireWireType(int requiredWireType) throws IOException {
+      if (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag) != requiredWireType) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyPackedFixed64Length(int bytes) throws IOException {
+      requireBytes(bytes);
+      if ((bytes & FIXED64_MULTIPLE_MASK) != 0) {
+        // Require that the number of bytes be a multiple of 8.
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyPackedFixed32Length(int bytes) throws IOException {
+      requireBytes(bytes);
+      if ((bytes & FIXED32_MULTIPLE_MASK) != 0) {
+        // Require that the number of bytes be a multiple of 4.
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void requirePosition(int expectedPosition) throws IOException {
+      if (pos != expectedPosition) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BinaryWriter.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BinaryWriter.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..94259ecd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BinaryWriter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,3071 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FIXED32_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FIXED64_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.MAX_VARINT32_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.MAX_VARINT64_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Queue;
+
+/**
+ * A protobuf writer that serializes messages in their binary form. Messages are serialized in
+ * reverse in order to avoid calculating the serialized size of each nested message. Since the
+ * message size is not known in advance, the writer employs a strategy of chunking and buffer
+ * chaining. Buffers are allocated as-needed by a provided {@link BufferAllocator}. Once writing is
+ * finished, the application can access the buffers in forward-writing order by calling {@link
+ * #complete()}.
+ *
+ * <p>Once {@link #complete()} has been called, the writer can not be reused for additional writes.
+ * The {@link #getTotalBytesWritten()} will continue to reflect the total of the write and will not
+ * be reset.
+ */
+@ExperimentalApi
+abstract class BinaryWriter extends ByteOutput implements Writer {
+  public static final int DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE = 4096;
+
+  private final BufferAllocator alloc;
+  private final int chunkSize;
+
+  final ArrayDeque<AllocatedBuffer> buffers = new ArrayDeque<AllocatedBuffer>(4);
+  int totalDoneBytes;
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new {@link BinaryWriter} that will allocate heap buffers of {@link
+   * #DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE} as necessary.
+   */
+  public static BinaryWriter newHeapInstance(BufferAllocator alloc) {
+    return newHeapInstance(alloc, DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new {@link BinaryWriter} that will allocate heap buffers of {@code chunkSize} as
+   * necessary.
+   */
+  public static BinaryWriter newHeapInstance(BufferAllocator alloc, int chunkSize) {
+    return isUnsafeHeapSupported()
+        ? newUnsafeHeapInstance(alloc, chunkSize)
+        : newSafeHeapInstance(alloc, chunkSize);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new {@link BinaryWriter} that will allocate direct (i.e. non-heap) buffers of {@link
+   * #DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE} as necessary.
+   */
+  public static BinaryWriter newDirectInstance(BufferAllocator alloc) {
+    return newDirectInstance(alloc, DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new {@link BinaryWriter} that will allocate direct (i.e. non-heap) buffers of {@code
+   * chunkSize} as necessary.
+   */
+  public static BinaryWriter newDirectInstance(BufferAllocator alloc, int chunkSize) {
+    return isUnsafeDirectSupported()
+        ? newUnsafeDirectInstance(alloc, chunkSize)
+        : newSafeDirectInstance(alloc, chunkSize);
+  }
+
+  static boolean isUnsafeHeapSupported() {
+    return UnsafeHeapWriter.isSupported();
+  }
+
+  static boolean isUnsafeDirectSupported() {
+    return UnsafeDirectWriter.isSupported();
+  }
+
+  static BinaryWriter newSafeHeapInstance(BufferAllocator alloc, int chunkSize) {
+    return new SafeHeapWriter(alloc, chunkSize);
+  }
+
+  static BinaryWriter newUnsafeHeapInstance(BufferAllocator alloc, int chunkSize) {
+    if (!isUnsafeHeapSupported()) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsafe operations not supported");
+    }
+    return new UnsafeHeapWriter(alloc, chunkSize);
+  }
+
+  static BinaryWriter newSafeDirectInstance(BufferAllocator alloc, int chunkSize) {
+    return new SafeDirectWriter(alloc, chunkSize);
+  }
+
+  static BinaryWriter newUnsafeDirectInstance(BufferAllocator alloc, int chunkSize) {
+    if (!isUnsafeDirectSupported()) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsafe operations not supported");
+    }
+    return new UnsafeDirectWriter(alloc, chunkSize);
+  }
+
+  /** Only allow subclassing for inner classes. */
+  private BinaryWriter(BufferAllocator alloc, int chunkSize) {
+    if (chunkSize <= 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("chunkSize must be > 0");
+    }
+    this.alloc = checkNotNull(alloc, "alloc");
+    this.chunkSize = chunkSize;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final FieldOrder fieldOrder() {
+    return FieldOrder.DESCENDING;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Completes the write operation and returns a queue of {@link AllocatedBuffer} objects in
+   * forward-writing order. This method should only be called once.
+   *
+   * <p>After calling this method, the writer can not be reused. Create a new writer for future
+   * writes.
+   */
+  public final Queue<AllocatedBuffer> complete() {
+    finishCurrentBuffer();
+    return buffers;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeSFixed32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+    writeFixed32(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException {
+    writeUInt64(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeSFixed64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException {
+    writeFixed64(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeFloat(int fieldNumber, float value) throws IOException {
+    writeFixed32(fieldNumber, Float.floatToRawIntBits(value));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeDouble(int fieldNumber, double value) throws IOException {
+    writeFixed64(fieldNumber, Double.doubleToRawLongBits(value));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeEnum(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+    writeInt32(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeInt32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (list instanceof IntArrayList) {
+      writeInt32List_Internal(fieldNumber, (IntArrayList) list, packed);
+    } else {
+      writeInt32List_Internal(fieldNumber, list, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeInt32List_Internal(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * MAX_VARINT64_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeInt32(list.get(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeInt32(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeInt32List_Internal(int fieldNumber, IntArrayList list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * MAX_VARINT64_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeInt32(list.getInt(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeInt32(fieldNumber, list.getInt(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeFixed32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (list instanceof IntArrayList) {
+      writeFixed32List_Internal(fieldNumber, (IntArrayList) list, packed);
+    } else {
+      writeFixed32List_Internal(fieldNumber, list, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeFixed32List_Internal(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * FIXED32_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeFixed32(list.get(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeFixed32(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeFixed32List_Internal(int fieldNumber, IntArrayList list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * FIXED32_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeFixed32(list.getInt(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeFixed32(fieldNumber, list.getInt(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeInt64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    writeUInt64List(fieldNumber, list, packed);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeUInt64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (list instanceof LongArrayList) {
+      writeUInt64List_Internal(fieldNumber, (LongArrayList) list, packed);
+    } else {
+      writeUInt64List_Internal(fieldNumber, list, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeUInt64List_Internal(int fieldNumber, List<Long> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * MAX_VARINT64_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeVarint64(list.get(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeUInt64(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeUInt64List_Internal(int fieldNumber, LongArrayList list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * MAX_VARINT64_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeVarint64(list.getLong(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeUInt64(fieldNumber, list.getLong(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeFixed64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (list instanceof LongArrayList) {
+      writeFixed64List_Internal(fieldNumber, (LongArrayList) list, packed);
+    } else {
+      writeFixed64List_Internal(fieldNumber, list, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeFixed64List_Internal(int fieldNumber, List<Long> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * FIXED64_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeFixed64(list.get(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeFixed64(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeFixed64List_Internal(int fieldNumber, LongArrayList list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * FIXED64_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeFixed64(list.getLong(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeFixed64(fieldNumber, list.getLong(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeFloatList(int fieldNumber, List<Float> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (list instanceof FloatArrayList) {
+      writeFloatList_Internal(fieldNumber, (FloatArrayList) list, packed);
+    } else {
+      writeFloatList_Internal(fieldNumber, list, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeFloatList_Internal(int fieldNumber, List<Float> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * FIXED32_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeFixed32(Float.floatToRawIntBits(list.get(i)));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeFloat(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeFloatList_Internal(int fieldNumber, FloatArrayList list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * FIXED32_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeFixed32(Float.floatToRawIntBits(list.getFloat(i)));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeFloat(fieldNumber, list.getFloat(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeDoubleList(int fieldNumber, List<Double> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (list instanceof DoubleArrayList) {
+      writeDoubleList_Internal(fieldNumber, (DoubleArrayList) list, packed);
+    } else {
+      writeDoubleList_Internal(fieldNumber, list, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeDoubleList_Internal(int fieldNumber, List<Double> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * FIXED64_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeFixed64(Double.doubleToRawLongBits(list.get(i)));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeDouble(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeDoubleList_Internal(int fieldNumber, DoubleArrayList list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * FIXED64_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeFixed64(Double.doubleToRawLongBits(list.getDouble(i)));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeDouble(fieldNumber, list.getDouble(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeEnumList(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    writeInt32List(fieldNumber, list, packed);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeBoolList(int fieldNumber, List<Boolean> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (list instanceof BooleanArrayList) {
+      writeBoolList_Internal(fieldNumber, (BooleanArrayList) list, packed);
+    } else {
+      writeBoolList_Internal(fieldNumber, list, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeBoolList_Internal(int fieldNumber, List<Boolean> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + list.size());
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeBool(list.get(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeBool(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeBoolList_Internal(int fieldNumber, BooleanArrayList list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + list.size());
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeBool(list.getBoolean(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeBool(fieldNumber, list.getBoolean(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeStringList(int fieldNumber, List<String> list) throws IOException {
+    if (list instanceof LazyStringList) {
+      final LazyStringList lazyList = (LazyStringList) list;
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        writeLazyString(fieldNumber, lazyList.getRaw(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        writeString(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void writeLazyString(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException {
+    if (value instanceof String) {
+      writeString(fieldNumber, (String) value);
+    } else {
+      writeBytes(fieldNumber, (ByteString) value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeBytesList(int fieldNumber, List<ByteString> list) throws IOException {
+    for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      writeBytes(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeUInt32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (list instanceof IntArrayList) {
+      writeUInt32List_Internal(fieldNumber, (IntArrayList) list, packed);
+    } else {
+      writeUInt32List_Internal(fieldNumber, list, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeUInt32List_Internal(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * MAX_VARINT32_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeVarint32(list.get(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeUInt32(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeUInt32List_Internal(int fieldNumber, IntArrayList list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * MAX_VARINT32_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeVarint32(list.getInt(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeUInt32(fieldNumber, list.getInt(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeSFixed32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    writeFixed32List(fieldNumber, list, packed);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeSFixed64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    writeFixed64List(fieldNumber, list, packed);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeSInt32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (list instanceof IntArrayList) {
+      writeSInt32List_Internal(fieldNumber, (IntArrayList) list, packed);
+    } else {
+      writeSInt32List_Internal(fieldNumber, list, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeSInt32List_Internal(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * MAX_VARINT32_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeSInt32(list.get(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeSInt32(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeSInt32List_Internal(int fieldNumber, IntArrayList list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * MAX_VARINT32_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeSInt32(list.getInt(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeSInt32(fieldNumber, list.getInt(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeSInt64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (list instanceof LongArrayList) {
+      writeSInt64List_Internal(fieldNumber, (LongArrayList) list, packed);
+    } else {
+      writeSInt64List_Internal(fieldNumber, list, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static final int MAP_KEY_NUMBER = 1;
+  private static final int MAP_VALUE_NUMBER = 2;
+
+  @Override
+  public <K, V> void writeMap(int fieldNumber, MapEntryLite.Metadata<K, V> metadata, Map<K, V> map)
+      throws IOException {
+    // TODO(liujisi): Reverse write those entries.
+    for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : map.entrySet()) {
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      writeMapEntryField(this, MAP_VALUE_NUMBER, metadata.valueType, entry.getValue());
+      writeMapEntryField(this, MAP_KEY_NUMBER, metadata.keyType, entry.getKey());
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static final void writeMapEntryField(
+      Writer writer, int fieldNumber, WireFormat.FieldType fieldType, Object object)
+      throws IOException {
+    switch (fieldType) {
+      case BOOL:
+        writer.writeBool(fieldNumber, (Boolean) object);
+        break;
+      case FIXED32:
+        writer.writeFixed32(fieldNumber, (Integer) object);
+        break;
+      case FIXED64:
+        writer.writeFixed64(fieldNumber, (Long) object);
+        break;
+      case INT32:
+        writer.writeInt32(fieldNumber, (Integer) object);
+        break;
+      case INT64:
+        writer.writeInt64(fieldNumber, (Long) object);
+        break;
+      case SFIXED32:
+        writer.writeSFixed32(fieldNumber, (Integer) object);
+        break;
+      case SFIXED64:
+        writer.writeSFixed64(fieldNumber, (Long) object);
+        break;
+      case SINT32:
+        writer.writeSInt32(fieldNumber, (Integer) object);
+        break;
+      case SINT64:
+        writer.writeSInt64(fieldNumber, (Long) object);
+        break;
+      case STRING:
+        writer.writeString(fieldNumber, (String) object);
+        break;
+      case UINT32:
+        writer.writeUInt32(fieldNumber, (Integer) object);
+        break;
+      case UINT64:
+        writer.writeUInt64(fieldNumber, (Long) object);
+        break;
+      case FLOAT:
+        writer.writeFloat(fieldNumber, (Float) object);
+        break;
+      case DOUBLE:
+        writer.writeDouble(fieldNumber, (Double) object);
+        break;
+      case MESSAGE:
+        writer.writeMessage(fieldNumber, object);
+        break;
+      case BYTES:
+        writer.writeBytes(fieldNumber, (ByteString) object);
+        break;
+      case ENUM:
+        if (object instanceof Internal.EnumLite) {
+          writer.writeEnum(fieldNumber, ((Internal.EnumLite) object).getNumber());
+        } else if (object instanceof Integer) {
+          writer.writeEnum(fieldNumber, (Integer) object);
+        } else {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected type for enum in map.");
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported map value type for: " + fieldType);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeSInt64List_Internal(int fieldNumber, List<Long> list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * MAX_VARINT64_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeSInt64(list.get(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeSInt64(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final void writeSInt64List_Internal(int fieldNumber, LongArrayList list, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      requireSpace((MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2) + (list.size() * MAX_VARINT64_SIZE));
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeSInt64(list.getLong(i));
+      }
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeSInt64(fieldNumber, list.getLong(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeMessageList(int fieldNumber, List<?> list) throws IOException {
+    for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      writeMessage(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeMessageList(int fieldNumber, List<?> list, Schema schema)
+      throws IOException {
+    for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      writeMessage(fieldNumber, list.get(i), schema);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeGroupList(int fieldNumber, List<?> list) throws IOException {
+    for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      writeGroup(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeGroupList(int fieldNumber, List<?> list, Schema schema)
+      throws IOException {
+    for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      writeGroup(fieldNumber, list.get(i), schema);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeMessageSetItem(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException {
+    writeTag(MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+      writeBytes(MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, (ByteString) value);
+    } else {
+      writeMessage(MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+    }
+    writeUInt32(MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber);
+    writeTag(MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+  }
+
+  final AllocatedBuffer newHeapBuffer() {
+    return alloc.allocateHeapBuffer(chunkSize);
+  }
+
+  final AllocatedBuffer newHeapBuffer(int capacity) {
+    return alloc.allocateHeapBuffer(Math.max(capacity, chunkSize));
+  }
+
+  final AllocatedBuffer newDirectBuffer() {
+    return alloc.allocateDirectBuffer(chunkSize);
+  }
+
+  final AllocatedBuffer newDirectBuffer(int capacity) {
+    return alloc.allocateDirectBuffer(Math.max(capacity, chunkSize));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the total number of bytes that have been written. This will not be reset by a call to
+   * {@link #complete()}.
+   */
+  public abstract int getTotalBytesWritten();
+
+  abstract void requireSpace(int size);
+
+  abstract void finishCurrentBuffer();
+
+  abstract void writeTag(int fieldNumber, int wireType);
+
+  abstract void writeVarint32(int value);
+
+  abstract void writeInt32(int value);
+
+  abstract void writeSInt32(int value);
+
+  abstract void writeFixed32(int value);
+
+  abstract void writeVarint64(long value);
+
+  abstract void writeSInt64(long value);
+
+  abstract void writeFixed64(long value);
+
+  abstract void writeBool(boolean value);
+
+  abstract void writeString(String in);
+
+  /**
+   * Not using the version in CodedOutputStream due to the fact that benchmarks have shown a
+   * performance improvement when returning a byte (rather than an int).
+   */
+  private static byte computeUInt64SizeNoTag(long value) {
+    // handle two popular special cases up front ...
+    if ((value & (~0L << 7)) == 0L) {
+      // Byte 1
+      return 1;
+    }
+    if (value < 0L) {
+      // Byte 10
+      return 10;
+    }
+    // ... leaving us with 8 remaining, which we can divide and conquer
+    byte n = 2;
+    if ((value & (~0L << 35)) != 0L) {
+      // Byte 6-9
+      n += 4; // + (value >>> 63);
+      value >>>= 28;
+    }
+    if ((value & (~0L << 21)) != 0L) {
+      // Byte 4-5 or 8-9
+      n += 2;
+      value >>>= 14;
+    }
+    if ((value & (~0L << 14)) != 0L) {
+      // Byte 3 or 7
+      n += 1;
+    }
+    return n;
+  }
+
+  /** Writer that uses safe operations on target array. */
+  private static final class SafeHeapWriter extends BinaryWriter {
+    private AllocatedBuffer allocatedBuffer;
+    private byte[] buffer;
+    private int offset;
+    private int limit;
+    private int offsetMinusOne;
+    private int limitMinusOne;
+    private int pos;
+
+    SafeHeapWriter(BufferAllocator alloc, int chunkSize) {
+      super(alloc, chunkSize);
+      nextBuffer();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void finishCurrentBuffer() {
+      if (allocatedBuffer != null) {
+        totalDoneBytes += bytesWrittenToCurrentBuffer();
+        allocatedBuffer.position((pos - allocatedBuffer.arrayOffset()) + 1);
+        allocatedBuffer = null;
+        pos = 0;
+        limitMinusOne = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void nextBuffer() {
+      nextBuffer(newHeapBuffer());
+    }
+
+    private void nextBuffer(int capacity) {
+      nextBuffer(newHeapBuffer(capacity));
+    }
+
+    private void nextBuffer(AllocatedBuffer allocatedBuffer) {
+      if (!allocatedBuffer.hasArray()) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Allocator returned non-heap buffer");
+      }
+
+      finishCurrentBuffer();
+
+      buffers.addFirst(allocatedBuffer);
+
+      this.allocatedBuffer = allocatedBuffer;
+      this.buffer = allocatedBuffer.array();
+      int arrayOffset = allocatedBuffer.arrayOffset();
+      this.limit = arrayOffset + allocatedBuffer.limit();
+      this.offset = arrayOffset + allocatedBuffer.position();
+      this.offsetMinusOne = offset - 1;
+      this.limitMinusOne = limit - 1;
+      this.pos = limitMinusOne;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesWritten() {
+      return totalDoneBytes + bytesWrittenToCurrentBuffer();
+    }
+
+    int bytesWrittenToCurrentBuffer() {
+      return limitMinusOne - pos;
+    }
+
+    int spaceLeft() {
+      return pos - offsetMinusOne;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + MAX_VARINT64_SIZE);
+      writeInt32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeSInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeSInt32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + FIXED32_SIZE);
+      writeFixed32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + MAX_VARINT64_SIZE);
+      writeVarint64(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeSInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + MAX_VARINT64_SIZE);
+      writeSInt64(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + FIXED64_SIZE);
+      writeFixed64(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBool(int fieldNumber, boolean value) throws IOException {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + 1);
+      write((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeString(int fieldNumber, String value) throws IOException {
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      writeString(value);
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      requireSpace(2 * MAX_VARINT32_SIZE);
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytes(int fieldNumber, ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        value.writeToReverse(this);
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        // Should never happen since the writer does not throw.
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(value.size());
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException {
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      Protobuf.getInstance().writeTo(value, this);
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, Object value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      schema.writeTo(value, this);
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeGroup(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+      Protobuf.getInstance().writeTo(value, this);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeGroup(int fieldNumber, Object value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+      schema.writeTo(value, this);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeStartGroup(int fieldNumber) {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeEndGroup(int fieldNumber) {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeInt32(int value) {
+      if (value >= 0) {
+        writeVarint32(value);
+      } else {
+        writeVarint64(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeSInt32(int value) {
+      writeVarint32(CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeSInt64(long value) {
+      writeVarint64(CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeBool(boolean value) {
+      write((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeTag(int fieldNumber, int wireType) {
+      writeVarint32(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, wireType));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeVarint32(int value) {
+      if ((value & (~0 << 7)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32OneByte(value);
+      } else if ((value & (~0 << 14)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32TwoBytes(value);
+      } else if ((value & (~0 << 21)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32ThreeBytes(value);
+      } else if ((value & (~0 << 28)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32FourBytes(value);
+      } else {
+        writeVarint32FiveBytes(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32OneByte(int value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) value;
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32TwoBytes(int value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (value >>> 7);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32ThreeBytes(int value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (value >>> 14);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32FourBytes(int value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (value >>> 21);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32FiveBytes(int value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (value >>> 28);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeVarint64(long value) {
+      switch (computeUInt64SizeNoTag(value)) {
+        case 1:
+          writeVarint64OneByte(value);
+          break;
+        case 2:
+          writeVarint64TwoBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 3:
+          writeVarint64ThreeBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 4:
+          writeVarint64FourBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 5:
+          writeVarint64FiveBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 6:
+          writeVarint64SixBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 7:
+          writeVarint64SevenBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 8:
+          writeVarint64EightBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 9:
+          writeVarint64NineBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 10:
+          writeVarint64TenBytes(value);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64OneByte(long value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) value;
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64TwoBytes(long value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (value >>> 7);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((int) value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64ThreeBytes(long value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((int) value) >>> 14);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64FourBytes(long value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (value >>> 21);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64FiveBytes(long value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (value >>> 28);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64SixBytes(long value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (value >>> 35);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64SevenBytes(long value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (value >>> 42);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 35) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64EightBytes(long value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (value >>> 49);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 42) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 35) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64NineBytes(long value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (value >>> 56);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 49) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 42) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 35) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64TenBytes(long value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (value >>> 63);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 56) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 49) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 42) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 35) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeFixed32(int value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value >> 24) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value >> 16) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((value >> 8) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) (value & 0xFF);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeFixed64(long value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 56) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 48) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 40) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 32) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 24) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 16) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 8) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((int) (value) & 0xFF);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeString(String in) {
+      // Request enough space to write the ASCII string.
+      requireSpace(in.length());
+
+      // We know the buffer is big enough...
+      int i = in.length() - 1;
+      // Set pos to the start of the ASCII string.
+      pos -= i;
+      // Designed to take advantage of
+      // https://wiki.openjdk.java.net/display/HotSpotInternals/RangeCheckElimination
+      for (char c; i >= 0 && (c = in.charAt(i)) < 0x80; i--) {
+        buffer[pos + i] = (byte) c;
+      }
+      if (i == -1) {
+        // Move pos past the String.
+        pos -= 1;
+        return;
+      }
+      pos += i;
+      for (char c; i >= 0; i--) {
+        c = in.charAt(i);
+        if (c < 0x80 && pos > offsetMinusOne) {
+          buffer[pos--] = (byte) c;
+        } else if (c < 0x800 && pos > offset) { // 11 bits, two UTF-8 bytes
+          buffer[pos--] = (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c));
+          buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((0xF << 6) | (c >>> 6));
+        } else if ((c < Character.MIN_SURROGATE || Character.MAX_SURROGATE < c)
+            && pos > (offset + 1)) {
+          // Maximum single-char code point is 0xFFFF, 16 bits, three UTF-8 bytes
+          buffer[pos--] = (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c));
+          buffer[pos--] = (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (c >>> 6)));
+          buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((0xF << 5) | (c >>> 12));
+        } else if (pos > (offset + 2)) {
+          // Minimum code point represented by a surrogate pair is 0x10000, 17 bits,
+          // four UTF-8 bytes
+          char high = 0;
+          if (i == 0 || !Character.isSurrogatePair(high = in.charAt(i - 1), c)) {
+            throw new Utf8.UnpairedSurrogateException(i - 1, i);
+          }
+          i--;
+          int codePoint = Character.toCodePoint(high, c);
+          buffer[pos--] = (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & codePoint));
+          buffer[pos--] = (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 6)));
+          buffer[pos--] = (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 12)));
+          buffer[pos--] = (byte) ((0xF << 4) | (codePoint >>> 18));
+        } else {
+          // Buffer is full - allocate a new one and revisit the current character.
+          requireSpace(i);
+          i++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte value) {
+      buffer[pos--] = value;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
+      if (spaceLeft() < length) {
+        nextBuffer(length);
+      }
+
+      pos -= length;
+      System.arraycopy(value, offset, buffer, pos + 1, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
+      if (spaceLeft() < length) {
+        // We consider the value to be immutable (likely the internals of a ByteString). Just
+        // wrap it in a Netty buffer and add it to the output buffer.
+        totalDoneBytes += length;
+        buffers.addFirst(AllocatedBuffer.wrap(value, offset, length));
+
+        // Advance the writer to the next buffer.
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider slicing if space available above some threshold.
+        nextBuffer();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      pos -= length;
+      System.arraycopy(value, offset, buffer, pos + 1, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(ByteBuffer value) {
+      int length = value.remaining();
+      if (spaceLeft() < length) {
+        nextBuffer(length);
+      }
+
+      pos -= length;
+      value.get(buffer, pos + 1, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(ByteBuffer value) {
+      int length = value.remaining();
+      if (spaceLeft() < length) {
+        // We consider the value to be immutable (likely the internals of a ByteString). Just
+        // wrap it in a Netty buffer and add it to the output buffer.
+        totalDoneBytes += length;
+        buffers.addFirst(AllocatedBuffer.wrap(value));
+
+        // Advance the writer to the next buffer.
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider slicing if space available above some threshold.
+        nextBuffer();
+      }
+
+      pos -= length;
+      value.get(buffer, pos + 1, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void requireSpace(int size) {
+      if (spaceLeft() < size) {
+        nextBuffer(size);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Writer that uses unsafe operations on a target array. */
+  private static final class UnsafeHeapWriter extends BinaryWriter {
+    private AllocatedBuffer allocatedBuffer;
+    private byte[] buffer;
+    private long offset;
+    private long limit;
+    private long offsetMinusOne;
+    private long limitMinusOne;
+    private long pos;
+
+    UnsafeHeapWriter(BufferAllocator alloc, int chunkSize) {
+      super(alloc, chunkSize);
+      nextBuffer();
+    }
+
+    /** Indicates whether the required unsafe operations are supported on this platform. */
+    static boolean isSupported() {
+      return UnsafeUtil.hasUnsafeArrayOperations();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void finishCurrentBuffer() {
+      if (allocatedBuffer != null) {
+        totalDoneBytes += bytesWrittenToCurrentBuffer();
+        allocatedBuffer.position((arrayPos() - allocatedBuffer.arrayOffset()) + 1);
+        allocatedBuffer = null;
+        pos = 0;
+        limitMinusOne = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private int arrayPos() {
+      return (int) pos;
+    }
+
+    private void nextBuffer() {
+      nextBuffer(newHeapBuffer());
+    }
+
+    private void nextBuffer(int capacity) {
+      nextBuffer(newHeapBuffer(capacity));
+    }
+
+    private void nextBuffer(AllocatedBuffer allocatedBuffer) {
+      if (!allocatedBuffer.hasArray()) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Allocator returned non-heap buffer");
+      }
+
+      finishCurrentBuffer();
+      buffers.addFirst(allocatedBuffer);
+
+      this.allocatedBuffer = allocatedBuffer;
+      this.buffer = allocatedBuffer.array();
+      int arrayOffset = allocatedBuffer.arrayOffset();
+      this.limit = arrayOffset + allocatedBuffer.limit();
+      this.offset = arrayOffset + allocatedBuffer.position();
+      this.offsetMinusOne = offset - 1;
+      this.limitMinusOne = limit - 1;
+      this.pos = limitMinusOne;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesWritten() {
+      return totalDoneBytes + bytesWrittenToCurrentBuffer();
+    }
+
+    int bytesWrittenToCurrentBuffer() {
+      return (int) (limitMinusOne - pos);
+    }
+
+    int spaceLeft() {
+      return (int) (pos - offsetMinusOne);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + MAX_VARINT64_SIZE);
+      writeInt32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeSInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeSInt32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed32(int fieldNumber, int value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + FIXED32_SIZE);
+      writeFixed32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + MAX_VARINT64_SIZE);
+      writeVarint64(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeSInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + MAX_VARINT64_SIZE);
+      writeSInt64(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed64(int fieldNumber, long value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + FIXED64_SIZE);
+      writeFixed64(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBool(int fieldNumber, boolean value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + 1);
+      write((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeString(int fieldNumber, String value) {
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      writeString(value);
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      requireSpace(2 * MAX_VARINT32_SIZE);
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytes(int fieldNumber, ByteString value) {
+      try {
+        value.writeToReverse(this);
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        // Should never happen since the writer does not throw.
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(value.size());
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException {
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      Protobuf.getInstance().writeTo(value, this);
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, Object value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      schema.writeTo(value, this);
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeGroup(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+      Protobuf.getInstance().writeTo(value, this);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeGroup(int fieldNumber, Object value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+      schema.writeTo(value, this);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeStartGroup(int fieldNumber) {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeEndGroup(int fieldNumber) {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeInt32(int value) {
+      if (value >= 0) {
+        writeVarint32(value);
+      } else {
+        writeVarint64(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeSInt32(int value) {
+      writeVarint32(CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeSInt64(long value) {
+      writeVarint64(CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeBool(boolean value) {
+      write((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeTag(int fieldNumber, int wireType) {
+      writeVarint32(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, wireType));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeVarint32(int value) {
+      if ((value & (~0 << 7)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32OneByte(value);
+      } else if ((value & (~0 << 14)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32TwoBytes(value);
+      } else if ((value & (~0 << 21)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32ThreeBytes(value);
+      } else if ((value & (~0 << 28)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32FourBytes(value);
+      } else {
+        writeVarint32FiveBytes(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32OneByte(int value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) value);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32TwoBytes(int value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (value >>> 7));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32ThreeBytes(int value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (value >>> 14));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32FourBytes(int value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (value >>> 21));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32FiveBytes(int value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (value >>> 28));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeVarint64(long value) {
+      switch (computeUInt64SizeNoTag(value)) {
+        case 1:
+          writeVarint64OneByte(value);
+          break;
+        case 2:
+          writeVarint64TwoBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 3:
+          writeVarint64ThreeBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 4:
+          writeVarint64FourBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 5:
+          writeVarint64FiveBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 6:
+          writeVarint64SixBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 7:
+          writeVarint64SevenBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 8:
+          writeVarint64EightBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 9:
+          writeVarint64NineBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 10:
+          writeVarint64TenBytes(value);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64OneByte(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) value);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64TwoBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (value >>> 7));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((int) value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64ThreeBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((int) value) >>> 14));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64FourBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (value >>> 21));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64FiveBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (value >>> 28));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64SixBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (value >>> 35));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64SevenBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (value >>> 42));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 35) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64EightBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (value >>> 49));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 42) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 35) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64NineBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (value >>> 56));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 49) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 42) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 35) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64TenBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (value >>> 63));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 56) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 49) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 42) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 35) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeFixed32(int value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value >> 24) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value >> 16) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((value >> 8) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (value & 0xFF));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeFixed64(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((int) (value >> 56) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((int) (value >> 48) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((int) (value >> 40) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((int) (value >> 32) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((int) (value >> 24) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((int) (value >> 16) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((int) (value >> 8) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((int) (value) & 0xFF));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeString(String in) {
+      // Request enough space to write the ASCII string.
+      requireSpace(in.length());
+
+      // We know the buffer is big enough...
+      int i = in.length() - 1;
+      // Set pos to the start of the ASCII string.
+      // pos -= i;
+      // Designed to take advantage of
+      // https://wiki.openjdk.java.net/display/HotSpotInternals/RangeCheckElimination
+      for (char c; i >= 0 && (c = in.charAt(i)) < 0x80; i--) {
+        UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) c);
+      }
+      if (i == -1) {
+        // Move pos past the String.
+        return;
+      }
+      for (char c; i >= 0; i--) {
+        c = in.charAt(i);
+        if (c < 0x80 && pos > offsetMinusOne) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) c);
+        } else if (c < 0x800 && pos > offset) { // 11 bits, two UTF-8 bytes
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c)));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((0xF << 6) | (c >>> 6)));
+        } else if ((c < Character.MIN_SURROGATE || Character.MAX_SURROGATE < c)
+            && pos > offset + 1) {
+          // Maximum single-char code point is 0xFFFF, 16 bits, three UTF-8 bytes
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c)));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (c >>> 6))));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((0xF << 5) | (c >>> 12)));
+        } else if (pos > offset + 2) {
+          // Minimum code point represented by a surrogate pair is 0x10000, 17 bits,
+          // four UTF-8 bytes
+          final char high;
+          if (i == 0 || !Character.isSurrogatePair(high = in.charAt(i - 1), c)) {
+            throw new Utf8.UnpairedSurrogateException(i - 1, i);
+          }
+          i--;
+          int codePoint = Character.toCodePoint(high, c);
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & codePoint)));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 6))));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 12))));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, (byte) ((0xF << 4) | (codePoint >>> 18)));
+        } else {
+          // Buffer is full - allocate a new one and revisit the current character.
+          requireSpace(i);
+          i++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, pos--, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
+      if (offset < 0 || offset + length > value.length) {
+        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(
+            String.format("value.length=%d, offset=%d, length=%d", value.length, offset, length));
+      }
+      requireSpace(length);
+
+      pos -= length;
+      System.arraycopy(value, offset, buffer, arrayPos() + 1, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
+      if (offset < 0 || offset + length > value.length) {
+        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(
+            String.format("value.length=%d, offset=%d, length=%d", value.length, offset, length));
+      }
+      if (spaceLeft() < length) {
+        // We consider the value to be immutable (likely the internals of a ByteString). Just
+        // wrap it in a Netty buffer and add it to the output buffer.
+        totalDoneBytes += length;
+        buffers.addFirst(AllocatedBuffer.wrap(value, offset, length));
+
+        // Advance the writer to the next buffer.
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider slicing if space available above some threshold.
+        nextBuffer();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      pos -= length;
+      System.arraycopy(value, offset, buffer, arrayPos() + 1, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(ByteBuffer value) {
+      int length = value.remaining();
+      requireSpace(length);
+
+      pos -= length;
+      value.get(buffer, arrayPos() + 1, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(ByteBuffer value) {
+      int length = value.remaining();
+      if (spaceLeft() < length) {
+        // We consider the value to be immutable (likely the internals of a ByteString). Just
+        // wrap it in a Netty buffer and add it to the output buffer.
+        totalDoneBytes += length;
+        buffers.addFirst(AllocatedBuffer.wrap(value));
+
+        // Advance the writer to the next buffer.
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider slicing if space available above some threshold.
+        nextBuffer();
+      }
+
+      pos -= length;
+      value.get(buffer, arrayPos() + 1, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void requireSpace(int size) {
+      if (spaceLeft() < size) {
+        nextBuffer(size);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Writer that uses safe operations on a target {@link ByteBuffer}. */
+  private static final class SafeDirectWriter extends BinaryWriter {
+    private ByteBuffer buffer;
+    private int limitMinusOne;
+    private int pos;
+
+    SafeDirectWriter(BufferAllocator alloc, int chunkSize) {
+      super(alloc, chunkSize);
+      nextBuffer();
+    }
+
+    private void nextBuffer() {
+      nextBuffer(newDirectBuffer());
+    }
+
+    private void nextBuffer(int capacity) {
+      nextBuffer(newDirectBuffer(capacity));
+    }
+
+    private void nextBuffer(AllocatedBuffer allocatedBuffer) {
+      if (!allocatedBuffer.hasNioBuffer()) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Allocated buffer does not have NIO buffer");
+      }
+      ByteBuffer nioBuffer = allocatedBuffer.nioBuffer();
+      if (!nioBuffer.isDirect()) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Allocator returned non-direct buffer");
+      }
+
+      finishCurrentBuffer();
+      buffers.addFirst(allocatedBuffer);
+
+      buffer = nioBuffer;
+      buffer.limit(buffer.capacity());
+      buffer.position(0);
+      // Set byte order to little endian for fast writing of fixed 32/64.
+      buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+
+      limitMinusOne = buffer.limit() - 1;
+      pos = limitMinusOne;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesWritten() {
+      return totalDoneBytes + bytesWrittenToCurrentBuffer();
+    }
+
+    private int bytesWrittenToCurrentBuffer() {
+      return limitMinusOne - pos;
+    }
+
+    private int spaceLeft() {
+      return pos + 1;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void finishCurrentBuffer() {
+      if (buffer != null) {
+        totalDoneBytes += bytesWrittenToCurrentBuffer();
+        // Update the indices on the netty buffer.
+        buffer.position(pos + 1);
+        buffer = null;
+        pos = 0;
+        limitMinusOne = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + MAX_VARINT64_SIZE);
+      writeInt32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeSInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeSInt32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed32(int fieldNumber, int value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + FIXED32_SIZE);
+      writeFixed32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + MAX_VARINT64_SIZE);
+      writeVarint64(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeSInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + MAX_VARINT64_SIZE);
+      writeSInt64(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed64(int fieldNumber, long value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + FIXED64_SIZE);
+      writeFixed64(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBool(int fieldNumber, boolean value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + 1);
+      write((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeString(int fieldNumber, String value) {
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      writeString(value);
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      requireSpace(2 * MAX_VARINT32_SIZE);
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytes(int fieldNumber, ByteString value) {
+      try {
+        value.writeToReverse(this);
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        // Should never happen since the writer does not throw.
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(value.size());
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException {
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      Protobuf.getInstance().writeTo(value, this);
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, Object value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      schema.writeTo(value, this);
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeGroup(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+      Protobuf.getInstance().writeTo(value, this);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeGroup(int fieldNumber, Object value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+      schema.writeTo(value, this);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeStartGroup(int fieldNumber) {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeEndGroup(int fieldNumber) {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeInt32(int value) {
+      if (value >= 0) {
+        writeVarint32(value);
+      } else {
+        writeVarint64(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeSInt32(int value) {
+      writeVarint32(CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeSInt64(long value) {
+      writeVarint64(CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeBool(boolean value) {
+      write((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeTag(int fieldNumber, int wireType) {
+      writeVarint32(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, wireType));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeVarint32(int value) {
+      if ((value & (~0 << 7)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32OneByte(value);
+      } else if ((value & (~0 << 14)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32TwoBytes(value);
+      } else if ((value & (~0 << 21)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32ThreeBytes(value);
+      } else if ((value & (~0 << 28)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32FourBytes(value);
+      } else {
+        writeVarint32FiveBytes(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32OneByte(int value) {
+      buffer.put(pos--, (byte) value);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32TwoBytes(int value) {
+      // Byte order is little-endian.
+      pos -= 2;
+      buffer.putShort(pos + 1, (short) (((value & (0x7F << 7)) << 1) | ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80)));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32ThreeBytes(int value) {
+      // Byte order is little-endian.
+      pos -= 3;
+      buffer.putInt(
+          pos,
+          ((value & (0x7F << 14)) << 10)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 7)) | (0x80 << 7)) << 9)
+              | ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80) << 8);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32FourBytes(int value) {
+      // Byte order is little-endian.
+      pos -= 4;
+      buffer.putInt(
+          pos + 1,
+          ((value & (0x7F << 21)) << 3)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 14)) | (0x80 << 14)) << 2)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 7)) | (0x80 << 7)) << 1)
+              | ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32FiveBytes(int value) {
+      // Byte order is little-endian.
+      buffer.put(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 28));
+      pos -= 4;
+      buffer.putInt(
+          pos + 1,
+          ((((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80) << 24)
+              | ((((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80) << 16)
+              | ((((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80) << 8)
+              | ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeVarint64(long value) {
+      switch (computeUInt64SizeNoTag(value)) {
+        case 1:
+          writeVarint64OneByte(value);
+          break;
+        case 2:
+          writeVarint64TwoBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 3:
+          writeVarint64ThreeBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 4:
+          writeVarint64FourBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 5:
+          writeVarint64FiveBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 6:
+          writeVarint64SixBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 7:
+          writeVarint64SevenBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 8:
+          writeVarint64EightBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 9:
+          writeVarint64NineBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 10:
+          writeVarint64TenBytes(value);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64OneByte(long value) {
+      writeVarint32OneByte((int) value);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64TwoBytes(long value) {
+      writeVarint32TwoBytes((int) value);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64ThreeBytes(long value) {
+      writeVarint32ThreeBytes((int) value);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64FourBytes(long value) {
+      writeVarint32FourBytes((int) value);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64FiveBytes(long value) {
+      // Byte order is little-endian.
+      pos -= 5;
+      buffer.putLong(
+          pos - 2,
+          ((value & (0x7FL << 28)) << 28)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 21)) | (0x80 << 21)) << 27)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 14)) | (0x80 << 14)) << 26)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 7)) | (0x80 << 7)) << 25)
+              | (((value & 0x7F) | 0x80)) << 24);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64SixBytes(long value) {
+      // Byte order is little-endian.
+      pos -= 6;
+      buffer.putLong(
+          pos - 1,
+          ((value & (0x7FL << 35)) << 21)
+              | (((value & (0x7FL << 28)) | (0x80L << 28)) << 20)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 21)) | (0x80 << 21)) << 19)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 14)) | (0x80 << 14)) << 18)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 7)) | (0x80 << 7)) << 17)
+              | (((value & 0x7F) | 0x80)) << 16);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64SevenBytes(long value) {
+      // Byte order is little-endian.
+      pos -= 7;
+      buffer.putLong(
+          pos,
+          ((value & (0x7FL << 42)) << 14)
+              | (((value & (0x7FL << 35)) | (0x80L << 35)) << 13)
+              | (((value & (0x7FL << 28)) | (0x80L << 28)) << 12)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 21)) | (0x80 << 21)) << 11)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 14)) | (0x80 << 14)) << 10)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 7)) | (0x80 << 7)) << 9)
+              | (((value & 0x7F) | 0x80)) << 8);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64EightBytes(long value) {
+      // Byte order is little-endian.
+      pos -= 8;
+      buffer.putLong(
+          pos + 1,
+          ((value & (0x7FL << 49)) << 7)
+              | (((value & (0x7FL << 42)) | (0x80L << 42)) << 6)
+              | (((value & (0x7FL << 35)) | (0x80L << 35)) << 5)
+              | (((value & (0x7FL << 28)) | (0x80L << 28)) << 4)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 21)) | (0x80 << 21)) << 3)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 14)) | (0x80 << 14)) << 2)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 7)) | (0x80 << 7)) << 1)
+              | ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64EightBytesWithSign(long value) {
+      // Byte order is little-endian.
+      pos -= 8;
+      buffer.putLong(
+          pos + 1,
+          (((value & (0x7FL << 49)) | (0x80L << 49)) << 7)
+              | (((value & (0x7FL << 42)) | (0x80L << 42)) << 6)
+              | (((value & (0x7FL << 35)) | (0x80L << 35)) << 5)
+              | (((value & (0x7FL << 28)) | (0x80L << 28)) << 4)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 21)) | (0x80 << 21)) << 3)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 14)) | (0x80 << 14)) << 2)
+              | (((value & (0x7F << 7)) | (0x80 << 7)) << 1)
+              | ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64NineBytes(long value) {
+      buffer.put(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 56));
+      writeVarint64EightBytesWithSign(value & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64TenBytes(long value) {
+      buffer.put(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 63));
+      buffer.put(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 56) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      writeVarint64EightBytesWithSign(value & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeFixed32(int value) {
+      pos -= 4;
+      buffer.putInt(pos + 1, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeFixed64(long value) {
+      pos -= 8;
+      buffer.putLong(pos + 1, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeString(String in) {
+      // Request enough space to write the ASCII string.
+      requireSpace(in.length());
+
+      // We know the buffer is big enough...
+      int i = in.length() - 1;
+      pos -= i;
+      // Designed to take advantage of
+      // https://wiki.openjdk.java.net/display/HotSpotInternals/RangeCheckElimination
+      for (char c; i >= 0 && (c = in.charAt(i)) < 0x80; i--) {
+        buffer.put(pos + i, (byte) c);
+      }
+      if (i == -1) {
+        // Move the position past the ASCII string.
+        pos -= 1;
+        return;
+      }
+      pos += i;
+      for (char c; i >= 0; i--) {
+        c = in.charAt(i);
+        if (c < 0x80 && pos >= 0) {
+          buffer.put(pos--, (byte) c);
+        } else if (c < 0x800 && pos > 0) { // 11 bits, two UTF-8 bytes
+          buffer.put(pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c)));
+          buffer.put(pos--, (byte) ((0xF << 6) | (c >>> 6)));
+        } else if ((c < Character.MIN_SURROGATE || Character.MAX_SURROGATE < c) && pos > 1) {
+          // Maximum single-char code point is 0xFFFF, 16 bits, three UTF-8 bytes
+          buffer.put(pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c)));
+          buffer.put(pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (c >>> 6))));
+          buffer.put(pos--, (byte) ((0xF << 5) | (c >>> 12)));
+        } else if (pos > 2) {
+          // Minimum code point represented by a surrogate pair is 0x10000, 17 bits,
+          // four UTF-8 bytes
+          char high = 0;
+          if (i == 0 || !Character.isSurrogatePair(high = in.charAt(i - 1), c)) {
+            throw new Utf8.UnpairedSurrogateException(i - 1, i);
+          }
+          i--;
+          int codePoint = Character.toCodePoint(high, c);
+          buffer.put(pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & codePoint)));
+          buffer.put(pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 6))));
+          buffer.put(pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 12))));
+          buffer.put(pos--, (byte) ((0xF << 4) | (codePoint >>> 18)));
+        } else {
+          // Buffer is full - allocate a new one and revisit the current character.
+          requireSpace(i);
+          i++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte value) {
+      buffer.put(pos--, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
+      if (spaceLeft() < length) {
+        nextBuffer(length);
+      }
+
+      pos -= length;
+      buffer.position(pos + 1);
+      buffer.put(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
+      if (spaceLeft() < length) {
+        // We consider the value to be immutable (likely the internals of a ByteString). Just
+        // wrap it in a Netty buffer and add it to the output buffer.
+        totalDoneBytes += length;
+        buffers.addFirst(AllocatedBuffer.wrap(value, offset, length));
+
+        // Advance the writer to the next buffer.
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider slicing if space available above some threshold.
+        nextBuffer();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      pos -= length;
+      buffer.position(pos + 1);
+      buffer.put(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(ByteBuffer value) {
+      int length = value.remaining();
+      if (spaceLeft() < length) {
+        nextBuffer(length);
+      }
+
+      pos -= length;
+      buffer.position(pos + 1);
+      buffer.put(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(ByteBuffer value) {
+      int length = value.remaining();
+      if (spaceLeft() < length) {
+        // We consider the value to be immutable (likely the internals of a ByteString). Just
+        // wrap it in a Netty buffer and add it to the output buffer.
+        totalDoneBytes += length;
+        buffers.addFirst(AllocatedBuffer.wrap(value));
+
+        // Advance the writer to the next buffer.
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider slicing if space available above some threshold.
+        nextBuffer();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      pos -= length;
+      buffer.position(pos + 1);
+      buffer.put(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void requireSpace(int size) {
+      if (spaceLeft() < size) {
+        nextBuffer(size);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Writer that uses unsafe operations on a target {@link ByteBuffer}. */
+  private static final class UnsafeDirectWriter extends BinaryWriter {
+    private ByteBuffer buffer;
+    private long bufferOffset;
+    private long limitMinusOne;
+    private long pos;
+
+    UnsafeDirectWriter(BufferAllocator alloc, int chunkSize) {
+      super(alloc, chunkSize);
+      nextBuffer();
+    }
+
+    /** Indicates whether the required unsafe operations are supported on this platform. */
+    private static boolean isSupported() {
+      return UnsafeUtil.hasUnsafeByteBufferOperations();
+    }
+
+    private void nextBuffer() {
+      nextBuffer(newDirectBuffer());
+    }
+
+    private void nextBuffer(int capacity) {
+      nextBuffer(newDirectBuffer(capacity));
+    }
+
+    private void nextBuffer(AllocatedBuffer allocatedBuffer) {
+      if (!allocatedBuffer.hasNioBuffer()) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Allocated buffer does not have NIO buffer");
+      }
+      ByteBuffer nioBuffer = allocatedBuffer.nioBuffer();
+      if (!nioBuffer.isDirect()) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Allocator returned non-direct buffer");
+      }
+
+      finishCurrentBuffer();
+      buffers.addFirst(allocatedBuffer);
+
+      buffer = nioBuffer;
+      buffer.limit(buffer.capacity());
+      buffer.position(0);
+
+      bufferOffset = UnsafeUtil.addressOffset(buffer);
+      limitMinusOne = bufferOffset + (buffer.limit() - 1);
+      pos = limitMinusOne;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesWritten() {
+      return totalDoneBytes + bytesWrittenToCurrentBuffer();
+    }
+
+    private int bytesWrittenToCurrentBuffer() {
+      return (int) (limitMinusOne - pos);
+    }
+
+    private int spaceLeft() {
+      return bufferPos() + 1;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void finishCurrentBuffer() {
+      if (buffer != null) {
+        totalDoneBytes += bytesWrittenToCurrentBuffer();
+        // Update the indices on the netty buffer.
+        buffer.position(bufferPos() + 1);
+        buffer = null;
+        pos = 0;
+        limitMinusOne = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private int bufferPos() {
+      return (int) (pos - bufferOffset);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + MAX_VARINT64_SIZE);
+      writeInt32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeSInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeSInt32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed32(int fieldNumber, int value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + FIXED32_SIZE);
+      writeFixed32(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + MAX_VARINT64_SIZE);
+      writeVarint64(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeSInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + MAX_VARINT64_SIZE);
+      writeSInt64(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed64(int fieldNumber, long value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + FIXED64_SIZE);
+      writeFixed64(value);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBool(int fieldNumber, boolean value) {
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE + 1);
+      write((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeString(int fieldNumber, String value) {
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      writeString(value);
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      requireSpace(2 * MAX_VARINT32_SIZE);
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytes(int fieldNumber, ByteString value) {
+      try {
+        value.writeToReverse(this);
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        // Should never happen since the writer does not throw.
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(value.size());
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException {
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      Protobuf.getInstance().writeTo(value, this);
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, Object value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+      int prevBytes = getTotalBytesWritten();
+      schema.writeTo(value, this);
+      int length = getTotalBytesWritten() - prevBytes;
+      requireSpace(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE * 2);
+      writeVarint32(length);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeGroup(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+      Protobuf.getInstance().writeTo(value, this);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeGroup(int fieldNumber, Object value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+      schema.writeTo(value, this);
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeStartGroup(int fieldNumber) {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeEndGroup(int fieldNumber) {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeInt32(int value) {
+      if (value >= 0) {
+        writeVarint32(value);
+      } else {
+        writeVarint64(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeSInt32(int value) {
+      writeVarint32(CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeSInt64(long value) {
+      writeVarint64(CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeBool(boolean value) {
+      write((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeTag(int fieldNumber, int wireType) {
+      writeVarint32(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, wireType));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeVarint32(int value) {
+      if ((value & (~0 << 7)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32OneByte(value);
+      } else if ((value & (~0 << 14)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32TwoBytes(value);
+      } else if ((value & (~0 << 21)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32ThreeBytes(value);
+      } else if ((value & (~0 << 28)) == 0) {
+        writeVarint32FourBytes(value);
+      } else {
+        writeVarint32FiveBytes(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32OneByte(int value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) value);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32TwoBytes(int value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 7));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32ThreeBytes(int value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 14));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32FourBytes(int value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 21));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint32FiveBytes(int value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 28));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeVarint64(long value) {
+      switch (computeUInt64SizeNoTag(value)) {
+        case 1:
+          writeVarint64OneByte(value);
+          break;
+        case 2:
+          writeVarint64TwoBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 3:
+          writeVarint64ThreeBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 4:
+          writeVarint64FourBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 5:
+          writeVarint64FiveBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 6:
+          writeVarint64SixBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 7:
+          writeVarint64SevenBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 8:
+          writeVarint64EightBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 9:
+          writeVarint64NineBytes(value);
+          break;
+        case 10:
+          writeVarint64TenBytes(value);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64OneByte(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) value);
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64TwoBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 7));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((int) value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64ThreeBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((int) value) >>> 14));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64FourBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 21));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64FiveBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 28));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64SixBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 35));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64SevenBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 42));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 35) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64EightBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 49));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 42) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 35) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64NineBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 56));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 49) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 42) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 35) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    private void writeVarint64TenBytes(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (value >>> 63));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 56) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 49) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 42) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 35) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 28) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 21) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 14) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (((value >>> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeFixed32(int value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value >> 24) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value >> 16) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((value >> 8) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (value & 0xFF));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeFixed64(long value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((int) (value >> 56) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((int) (value >> 48) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((int) (value >> 40) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((int) (value >> 32) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((int) (value >> 24) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((int) (value >> 16) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((int) (value >> 8) & 0xFF));
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((int) (value) & 0xFF));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeString(String in) {
+      // Request enough space to write the ASCII string.
+      requireSpace(in.length());
+
+      // We know the buffer is big enough...
+      int i = in.length() - 1;
+      // Designed to take advantage of
+      // https://wiki.openjdk.java.net/display/HotSpotInternals/RangeCheckElimination
+      for (char c; i >= 0 && (c = in.charAt(i)) < 0x80; i--) {
+        UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) c);
+      }
+      if (i == -1) {
+        // ASCII.
+        return;
+      }
+      for (char c; i >= 0; i--) {
+        c = in.charAt(i);
+        if (c < 0x80 && pos >= bufferOffset) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) c);
+        } else if (c < 0x800 && pos > bufferOffset) { // 11 bits, two UTF-8 bytes
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c)));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((0xF << 6) | (c >>> 6)));
+        } else if ((c < Character.MIN_SURROGATE || Character.MAX_SURROGATE < c)
+            && pos > bufferOffset + 1) {
+          // Maximum single-char code point is 0xFFFF, 16 bits, three UTF-8 bytes
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c)));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (c >>> 6))));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((0xF << 5) | (c >>> 12)));
+        } else if (pos > bufferOffset + 2) {
+          // Minimum code point represented by a surrogate pair is 0x10000, 17 bits,
+          // four UTF-8 bytes
+          final char high;
+          if (i == 0 || !Character.isSurrogatePair(high = in.charAt(i - 1), c)) {
+            throw new Utf8.UnpairedSurrogateException(i - 1, i);
+          }
+          i--;
+          int codePoint = Character.toCodePoint(high, c);
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & codePoint)));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 6))));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 12))));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, (byte) ((0xF << 4) | (codePoint >>> 18)));
+        } else {
+          // Buffer is full - allocate a new one and revisit the current character.
+          requireSpace(i);
+          i++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte value) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(pos--, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
+      if (spaceLeft() < length) {
+        nextBuffer(length);
+      }
+
+      pos -= length;
+      buffer.position(bufferPos() + 1);
+      buffer.put(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(byte[] value, int offset, int length) {
+      if (spaceLeft() < length) {
+        // We consider the value to be immutable (likely the internals of a ByteString). Just
+        // wrap it in a Netty buffer and add it to the output buffer.
+        totalDoneBytes += length;
+        buffers.addFirst(AllocatedBuffer.wrap(value, offset, length));
+
+        // Advance the writer to the next buffer.
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider slicing if space available above some threshold.
+        nextBuffer();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      pos -= length;
+      buffer.position(bufferPos() + 1);
+      buffer.put(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(ByteBuffer value) {
+      int length = value.remaining();
+      if (spaceLeft() < length) {
+        nextBuffer(length);
+      }
+
+      pos -= length;
+      buffer.position(bufferPos() + 1);
+      buffer.put(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(ByteBuffer value) {
+      int length = value.remaining();
+      if (spaceLeft() < length) {
+        // We consider the value to be immutable (likely the internals of a ByteString). Just
+        // wrap it in a Netty buffer and add it to the output buffer.
+        totalDoneBytes += length;
+        buffers.addFirst(AllocatedBuffer.wrap(value));
+
+        // Advance the writer to the next buffer.
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider slicing if space available above some threshold.
+        nextBuffer();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      pos -= length;
+      buffer.position(bufferPos() + 1);
+      buffer.put(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void requireSpace(int size) {
+      if (spaceLeft() < size) {
+        nextBuffer(size);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BlockingRpcChannel.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BlockingRpcChannel.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8af80057f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BlockingRpcChannel.java
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract interface for a blocking RPC channel. {@code BlockingRpcChannel} is the blocking
+ * equivalent to {@link RpcChannel}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ * @author cpovirk@google.com Chris Povirk
+ */
+public interface BlockingRpcChannel {
+  /**
+   * Call the given method of the remote service and blocks until it returns. {@code
+   * callBlockingMethod()} is the blocking equivalent to {@link RpcChannel#callMethod}.
+   */
+  Message callBlockingMethod(
+      Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method,
+      RpcController controller,
+      Message request,
+      Message responsePrototype)
+      throws ServiceException;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BlockingService.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BlockingService.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2b99c96c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BlockingService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/**
+ * Blocking equivalent to {@link Service}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ * @author cpovirk@google.com Chris Povirk
+ */
+public interface BlockingService {
+  /** Equivalent to {@link Service#getDescriptorForType}. */
+  Descriptors.ServiceDescriptor getDescriptorForType();
+
+  /**
+   * Equivalent to {@link Service#callMethod}, except that {@code callBlockingMethod()} returns the
+   * result of the RPC or throws a {@link ServiceException} if there is a failure, rather than
+   * passing the information to a callback.
+   */
+  Message callBlockingMethod(
+      Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method, RpcController controller, Message request)
+      throws ServiceException;
+
+  /** Equivalent to {@link Service#getRequestPrototype}. */
+  Message getRequestPrototype(Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method);
+
+  /** Equivalent to {@link Service#getResponsePrototype}. */
+  Message getResponsePrototype(Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BooleanArrayList.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BooleanArrayList.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65dcd53aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BooleanArrayList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.BooleanList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.RandomAccess;
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of {@link BooleanList} on top of a primitive array.
+ *
+ * @author dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+ */
+final class BooleanArrayList extends AbstractProtobufList<Boolean>
+    implements BooleanList, RandomAccess, PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection {
+
+  private static final BooleanArrayList EMPTY_LIST = new BooleanArrayList(new boolean[0], 0);
+  static {
+    EMPTY_LIST.makeImmutable();
+  }
+
+  public static BooleanArrayList emptyList() {
+    return EMPTY_LIST;
+  }
+
+  /** The backing store for the list. */
+  private boolean[] array;
+
+  /**
+   * The size of the list distinct from the length of the array. That is, it is the number of
+   * elements set in the list.
+   */
+  private int size;
+
+  /** Constructs a new mutable {@code BooleanArrayList} with default capacity. */
+  BooleanArrayList() {
+    this(new boolean[DEFAULT_CAPACITY], 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new mutable {@code BooleanArrayList} containing the same elements as {@code
+   * other}.
+   */
+  private BooleanArrayList(boolean[] other, int size) {
+    array = other;
+    this.size = size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (toIndex < fromIndex) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("toIndex < fromIndex");
+    }
+
+    System.arraycopy(array, toIndex, array, fromIndex, size - toIndex);
+    size -= (toIndex - fromIndex);
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!(o instanceof BooleanArrayList)) {
+      return super.equals(o);
+    }
+    BooleanArrayList other = (BooleanArrayList) o;
+    if (size != other.size) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    final boolean[] arr = other.array;
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      if (array[i] != arr[i]) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    int result = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      result = (31 * result) + Internal.hashBoolean(array[i]);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public BooleanList mutableCopyWithCapacity(int capacity) {
+    if (capacity < size) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+    }
+    return new BooleanArrayList(Arrays.copyOf(array, capacity), size);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Boolean get(int index) {
+    return getBoolean(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean getBoolean(int index) {
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    return array[index];
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int size() {
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Boolean set(int index, Boolean element) {
+    return setBoolean(index, element);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean setBoolean(int index, boolean element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    boolean previousValue = array[index];
+    array[index] = element;
+    return previousValue;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean add(Boolean element) {
+    addBoolean(element);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void add(int index, Boolean element) {
+    addBoolean(index, element);
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #add(Boolean)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+  @Override
+  public void addBoolean(boolean element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (size == array.length) {
+      // Resize to 1.5x the size
+      int length = ((size * 3) / 2) + 1;
+      boolean[] newArray = new boolean[length];
+
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, size);
+      array = newArray;
+    }
+
+    array[size++] = element;
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #add(int, Boolean)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+  private void addBoolean(int index, boolean element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (index < 0 || index > size) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(index));
+    }
+
+    if (size < array.length) {
+      // Shift everything over to make room
+      System.arraycopy(array, index, array, index + 1, size - index);
+    } else {
+      // Resize to 1.5x the size
+      int length = ((size * 3) / 2) + 1;
+      boolean[] newArray = new boolean[length];
+
+      // Copy the first part directly
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, index);
+
+      // Copy the rest shifted over by one to make room
+      System.arraycopy(array, index, newArray, index + 1, size - index);
+      array = newArray;
+    }
+
+    array[index] = element;
+    size++;
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends Boolean> collection) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+
+    checkNotNull(collection);
+
+    // We specialize when adding another BooleanArrayList to avoid boxing elements.
+    if (!(collection instanceof BooleanArrayList)) {
+      return super.addAll(collection);
+    }
+
+    BooleanArrayList list = (BooleanArrayList) collection;
+    if (list.size == 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    int overflow = Integer.MAX_VALUE - size;
+    if (overflow < list.size) {
+      // We can't actually represent a list this large.
+      throw new OutOfMemoryError();
+    }
+
+    int newSize = size + list.size;
+    if (newSize > array.length) {
+      array = Arrays.copyOf(array, newSize);
+    }
+
+    System.arraycopy(list.array, 0, array, size, list.size);
+    size = newSize;
+    modCount++;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean remove(Object o) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      if (o.equals(array[i])) {
+        System.arraycopy(array, i + 1, array, i, size - i - 1);
+        size--;
+        modCount++;
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Boolean remove(int index) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    boolean value = array[index];
+    if (index < size - 1) {
+      System.arraycopy(array, index + 1, array, index, size - index - 1);
+    }
+    size--;
+    modCount++;
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the provided {@code index} is within the range of {@code [0, size]}. Throws an
+   * {@link IndexOutOfBoundsException} if it is not.
+   *
+   * @param index the index to verify is in range
+   */
+  private void ensureIndexInRange(int index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(index));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private String makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(int index) {
+    return "Index:" + index + ", Size:" + size;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BufferAllocator.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BufferAllocator.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bfd9c7237
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BufferAllocator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * An object responsible for allocation of buffers. This is an extension point to enable buffer
+ * pooling within an application.
+ */
+@ExperimentalApi
+abstract class BufferAllocator {
+  private static final BufferAllocator UNPOOLED =
+      new BufferAllocator() {
+        @Override
+        public AllocatedBuffer allocateHeapBuffer(int capacity) {
+          return AllocatedBuffer.wrap(new byte[capacity]);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public AllocatedBuffer allocateDirectBuffer(int capacity) {
+          return AllocatedBuffer.wrap(ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(capacity));
+        }
+      };
+
+  /** Returns an unpooled buffer allocator, which will create a new buffer for each request. */
+  public static BufferAllocator unpooled() {
+    return UNPOOLED;
+  }
+
+  /** Allocates a buffer with the given capacity that is backed by an array on the heap. */
+  public abstract AllocatedBuffer allocateHeapBuffer(int capacity);
+
+  /** Allocates a direct (i.e. non-heap) buffer with the given capacity. */
+  public abstract AllocatedBuffer allocateDirectBuffer(int capacity);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteBufferWriter.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteBufferWriter.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2cb3ada67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteBufferWriter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static java.lang.Math.max;
+import static java.lang.Math.min;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.WritableByteChannel;
+
+/** Utility class to provide efficient writing of {@link ByteBuffer}s to {@link OutputStream}s. */
+final class ByteBufferWriter {
+  private ByteBufferWriter() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Minimum size for a cached buffer. This prevents us from allocating buffers that are too small
+   * to be easily reused.
+   */
+  // TODO(nathanmittler): tune this property or allow configuration?
+  private static final int MIN_CACHED_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
+
+  /**
+   * Maximum size for a cached buffer. If a larger buffer is required, it will be allocated but not
+   * cached.
+   */
+  // TODO(nathanmittler): tune this property or allow configuration?
+  private static final int MAX_CACHED_BUFFER_SIZE = 16 * 1024;
+
+  /** The fraction of the requested buffer size under which the buffer will be reallocated. */
+  // TODO(nathanmittler): tune this property or allow configuration?
+  private static final float BUFFER_REALLOCATION_THRESHOLD = 0.5f;
+
+  /**
+   * Keeping a soft reference to a thread-local buffer. This buffer is used for writing a {@link
+   * ByteBuffer} to an {@link OutputStream} when no zero-copy alternative was available. Using a
+   * "soft" reference since VMs may keep this reference around longer than "weak" (e.g. HotSpot will
+   * maintain soft references until memory pressure warrants collection).
+   */
+  private static final ThreadLocal<SoftReference<byte[]>> BUFFER =
+      new ThreadLocal<SoftReference<byte[]>>();
+
+  /** This is a hack for GAE, where {@code FileOutputStream} is unavailable. */
+  private static final Class<?> FILE_OUTPUT_STREAM_CLASS = safeGetClass("java.io.FileOutputStream");
+
+  private static final long CHANNEL_FIELD_OFFSET = getChannelFieldOffset(FILE_OUTPUT_STREAM_CLASS);
+
+  /**
+   * For testing purposes only. Clears the cached buffer to force a new allocation on the next
+   * invocation.
+   */
+  static void clearCachedBuffer() {
+    BUFFER.set(null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Writes the remaining content of the buffer to the given stream. The buffer {@code position}
+   * will remain unchanged by this method.
+   */
+  static void write(ByteBuffer buffer, OutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    final int initialPos = buffer.position();
+    try {
+      if (buffer.hasArray()) {
+        // Optimized write for array-backed buffers.
+        // Note that we're taking the risk that a malicious OutputStream could modify the array.
+        output.write(buffer.array(), buffer.arrayOffset() + buffer.position(), buffer.remaining());
+      } else if (!writeToChannel(buffer, output)) {
+        // Read all of the data from the buffer to an array.
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider performance improvements for other "known" stream types.
+        final byte[] array = getOrCreateBuffer(buffer.remaining());
+        while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
+          int length = min(buffer.remaining(), array.length);
+          buffer.get(array, 0, length);
+          output.write(array, 0, length);
+        }
+      }
+    } finally {
+      // Restore the initial position.
+      buffer.position(initialPos);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static byte[] getOrCreateBuffer(int requestedSize) {
+    requestedSize = max(requestedSize, MIN_CACHED_BUFFER_SIZE);
+
+    byte[] buffer = getBuffer();
+    // Only allocate if we need to.
+    if (buffer == null || needToReallocate(requestedSize, buffer.length)) {
+      buffer = new byte[requestedSize];
+
+      // Only cache the buffer if it's not too big.
+      if (requestedSize <= MAX_CACHED_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+        setBuffer(buffer);
+      }
+    }
+    return buffer;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean needToReallocate(int requestedSize, int bufferLength) {
+    // First check against just the requested length to avoid the multiply.
+    return bufferLength < requestedSize
+        && bufferLength < requestedSize * BUFFER_REALLOCATION_THRESHOLD;
+  }
+
+  private static byte[] getBuffer() {
+    SoftReference<byte[]> sr = BUFFER.get();
+    return sr == null ? null : sr.get();
+  }
+
+  private static void setBuffer(byte[] value) {
+    BUFFER.set(new SoftReference<byte[]>(value));
+  }
+
+  private static boolean writeToChannel(ByteBuffer buffer, OutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    if (CHANNEL_FIELD_OFFSET >= 0 && FILE_OUTPUT_STREAM_CLASS.isInstance(output)) {
+      // Use a channel to write out the ByteBuffer. This will automatically empty the buffer.
+      WritableByteChannel channel = null;
+      try {
+        channel = (WritableByteChannel) UnsafeUtil.getObject(output, CHANNEL_FIELD_OFFSET);
+      } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+        // Absorb.
+      }
+      if (channel != null) {
+        channel.write(buffer);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  private static Class<?> safeGetClass(String className) {
+    try {
+      return Class.forName(className);
+    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static long getChannelFieldOffset(Class<?> clazz) {
+    try {
+      if (clazz != null && UnsafeUtil.hasUnsafeArrayOperations()) {
+        Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("channel");
+        return UnsafeUtil.objectFieldOffset(field);
+      }
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      // Absorb
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteOutput.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteOutput.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dba7a379f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteOutput.java
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * An output target for raw bytes. This interface provides semantics that support two types of
+ * writing:
+ *
+ * <p><b>Traditional write operations:</b> (as defined by {@link java.io.OutputStream}) where the
+ * target method is responsible for either copying the data or completing the write before returning
+ * from the method call.
+ *
+ * <p><b>Lazy write operations:</b> where the caller guarantees that it will never modify the
+ * provided buffer and it can therefore be considered immutable. The target method is free to
+ * maintain a reference to the buffer beyond the scope of the method call (e.g. until the write
+ * operation completes).
+ */
+@ExperimentalApi
+public abstract class ByteOutput {
+  /**
+   * Writes a single byte.
+   *
+   * @param value the byte to be written
+   * @throws IOException thrown if an error occurred while writing
+   */
+  public abstract void write(byte value) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Writes a sequence of bytes. The {@link ByteOutput} must copy {@code value} if it will not be
+   * processed prior to the return of this method call, since {@code value} may be reused/altered by
+   * the caller.
+   *
+   * <p>NOTE: This method <strong>MUST NOT</strong> modify the {@code value}. Doing so is a
+   * programming error and will lead to data corruption which will be difficult to debug.
+   *
+   * @param value the bytes to be written
+   * @param offset the offset of the start of the writable range
+   * @param length the number of bytes to write starting from {@code offset}
+   * @throws IOException thrown if an error occurred while writing
+   */
+  public abstract void write(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Writes a sequence of bytes. The {@link ByteOutput} is free to retain a reference to the value
+   * beyond the scope of this method call (e.g. write later) since it is considered immutable and is
+   * guaranteed not to change by the caller.
+   *
+   * <p>NOTE: This method <strong>MUST NOT</strong> modify the {@code value}. Doing so is a
+   * programming error and will lead to data corruption which will be difficult to debug.
+   *
+   * @param value the bytes to be written
+   * @param offset the offset of the start of the writable range
+   * @param length the number of bytes to write starting from {@code offset}
+   * @throws IOException thrown if an error occurred while writing
+   */
+  public abstract void writeLazy(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Writes a sequence of bytes. The {@link ByteOutput} must copy {@code value} if it will not be
+   * processed prior to the return of this method call, since {@code value} may be reused/altered by
+   * the caller.
+   *
+   * <p>NOTE: This method <strong>MUST NOT</strong> modify the {@code value}. Doing so is a
+   * programming error and will lead to data corruption which will be difficult to debug.
+   *
+   * @param value the bytes to be written. Upon returning from this call, the {@code position} of
+   *     this buffer will be set to the {@code limit}
+   * @throws IOException thrown if an error occurred while writing
+   */
+  public abstract void write(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Writes a sequence of bytes. The {@link ByteOutput} is free to retain a reference to the value
+   * beyond the scope of this method call (e.g. write later) since it is considered immutable and is
+   * guaranteed not to change by the caller.
+   *
+   * <p>NOTE: This method <strong>MUST NOT</strong> modify the {@code value}. Doing so is a
+   * programming error and will lead to data corruption which will be difficult to debug.
+   *
+   * @param value the bytes to be written. Upon returning from this call, the {@code position} of
+   *     this buffer will be set to the {@code limit}
+   * @throws IOException thrown if an error occurred while writing
+   */
+  public abstract void writeLazy(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteString.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteString.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17b7c98c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteString.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1613 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.TextFormatEscaper.escapeBytes;
+import static java.lang.Integer.toHexString;
+import static java.lang.System.identityHashCode;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+/**
+ * Immutable sequence of bytes. Provides conversions to and from {@code byte[]}, {@link
+ * java.lang.String}, {@link ByteBuffer}, {@link InputStream}, {@link OutputStream}. Also provides a
+ * conversion to {@link CodedInputStream}.
+ *
+ * <p>Like {@link String}, the contents of a {@link ByteString} can never be observed to change, not
+ * even in the presence of a data race or incorrect API usage in the client code.
+ *
+ * <p>Substring is supported by sharing the reference to the immutable underlying bytes.
+ * Concatenation is likewise supported without copying (long strings) by building a tree of pieces
+ * in {@link RopeByteString}.
+ *
+ * @author crazybob@google.com Bob Lee
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ * @author carlanton@google.com Carl Haverl
+ * @author martinrb@google.com Martin Buchholz
+ */
+public abstract class ByteString implements Iterable<Byte>, Serializable {
+
+  /**
+   * When two strings to be concatenated have a combined length shorter than this, we just copy
+   * their bytes on {@link #concat(ByteString)}. The trade-off is copy size versus the overhead of
+   * creating tree nodes in {@link RopeByteString}.
+   */
+  static final int CONCATENATE_BY_COPY_SIZE = 128;
+
+  /**
+   * When copying an InputStream into a ByteString with .readFrom(), the chunks in the underlying
+   * rope start at 256 bytes, but double each iteration up to 8192 bytes.
+   */
+  static final int MIN_READ_FROM_CHUNK_SIZE = 0x100; // 256b
+
+  static final int MAX_READ_FROM_CHUNK_SIZE = 0x2000; // 8k
+
+  /** Empty {@code ByteString}. */
+  public static final ByteString EMPTY = new LiteralByteString(Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY);
+
+  /**
+   * An interface to efficiently copy {@code byte[]}.
+   *
+   * <p>One of the noticeable costs of copying a byte[] into a new array using {@code
+   * System.arraycopy} is nullification of a new buffer before the copy. It has been shown the
+   * Hotspot VM is capable to intrisicfy {@code Arrays.copyOfRange} operation to avoid this
+   * expensive nullification and provide substantial performance gain. Unfortunately this does not
+   * hold on Android runtimes and could make the copy slightly slower due to additional code in the
+   * {@code Arrays.copyOfRange}. Thus we provide two different implementation for array copier for
+   * Hotspot and Android runtimes.
+   */
+  private interface ByteArrayCopier {
+    /** Copies the specified range of the specified array into a new array */
+    byte[] copyFrom(byte[] bytes, int offset, int size);
+  }
+
+  /** Implementation of {@code ByteArrayCopier} which uses {@link System#arraycopy}. */
+  private static final class SystemByteArrayCopier implements ByteArrayCopier {
+    @Override
+    public byte[] copyFrom(byte[] bytes, int offset, int size) {
+      byte[] copy = new byte[size];
+      System.arraycopy(bytes, offset, copy, 0, size);
+      return copy;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Implementation of {@code ByteArrayCopier} which uses {@link Arrays#copyOfRange}. */
+  private static final class ArraysByteArrayCopier implements ByteArrayCopier {
+    @Override
+    public byte[] copyFrom(byte[] bytes, int offset, int size) {
+      return Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, offset, offset + size);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static final ByteArrayCopier byteArrayCopier;
+
+  static {
+    byteArrayCopier =
+        Android.isOnAndroidDevice() ? new SystemByteArrayCopier() : new ArraysByteArrayCopier();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cached hash value. Intentionally accessed via a data race, which is safe because of the Java
+   * Memory Model's "no out-of-thin-air values" guarantees for ints. A value of 0 implies that the
+   * hash has not been set.
+   */
+  private int hash = 0;
+
+  // This constructor is here to prevent subclassing outside of this package,
+  ByteString() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the byte at the given index. This method should be used only for random access to
+   * individual bytes. To access bytes sequentially, use the {@link ByteIterator} returned by {@link
+   * #iterator()}, and call {@link #substring(int, int)} first if necessary.
+   *
+   * @param index index of byte
+   * @return the value
+   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@code index < 0 or index >= size}
+   */
+  public abstract byte byteAt(int index);
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the byte at the given index, assumes bounds checking has already been performed.
+   *
+   * @param index index of byte
+   * @return the value
+   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@code index < 0 or index >= size}
+   */
+  abstract byte internalByteAt(int index);
+
+  /**
+   * Return a {@link ByteString.ByteIterator} over the bytes in the ByteString. To avoid
+   * auto-boxing, you may get the iterator manually and call {@link ByteIterator#nextByte()}.
+   *
+   * @return the iterator
+   */
+  @Override
+  public ByteIterator iterator() {
+    return new AbstractByteIterator() {
+      private int position = 0;
+      private final int limit = size();
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean hasNext() {
+        return position < limit;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public byte nextByte() {
+        int currentPos = position;
+        if (currentPos >= limit) {
+          throw new NoSuchElementException();
+        }
+        position = currentPos + 1;
+        return internalByteAt(currentPos);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This interface extends {@code Iterator<Byte>}, so that we can return an unboxed {@code byte}.
+   */
+  public interface ByteIterator extends Iterator<Byte> {
+    /**
+     * An alternative to {@link Iterator#next()} that returns an unboxed primitive {@code byte}.
+     *
+     * @return the next {@code byte} in the iteration
+     * @throws NoSuchElementException if the iteration has no more elements
+     */
+    byte nextByte();
+  }
+
+  abstract static class AbstractByteIterator implements ByteIterator {
+    @Override
+    public final Byte next() {
+      // Boxing calls Byte.valueOf(byte), which does not instantiate.
+      return nextByte();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void remove() {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the number of bytes.
+   *
+   * @return size in bytes
+   */
+  public abstract int size();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns {@code true} if the size is {@code 0}, {@code false} otherwise.
+   *
+   * @return true if this is zero bytes long
+   */
+  public final boolean isEmpty() {
+    return size() == 0;
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Comparison
+
+  private static final int UNSIGNED_BYTE_MASK = 0xFF;
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the value of the given byte as an integer, interpreting the byte as an unsigned value.
+   * That is, returns {@code value + 256} if {@code value} is negative; {@code value} itself
+   * otherwise.
+   *
+   * <p>Note: This code was copied from {@link com.google.common.primitives.UnsignedBytes#toInt}, as
+   * Guava libraries cannot be used in the {@code com.google.protobuf} package.
+   */
+  private static int toInt(byte value) {
+    return value & UNSIGNED_BYTE_MASK;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compares two {@link ByteString}s lexicographically, treating their contents as unsigned byte
+   * values between 0 and 255 (inclusive).
+   *
+   * <p>For example, {@code (byte) -1} is considered to be greater than {@code (byte) 1} because it
+   * is interpreted as an unsigned value, {@code 255}.
+   */
+  private static final Comparator<ByteString> UNSIGNED_LEXICOGRAPHICAL_COMPARATOR =
+      new Comparator<ByteString>() {
+        @Override
+        public int compare(ByteString former, ByteString latter) {
+          ByteIterator formerBytes = former.iterator();
+          ByteIterator latterBytes = latter.iterator();
+
+          while (formerBytes.hasNext() && latterBytes.hasNext()) {
+            // Note: This code was copied from com.google.common.primitives.UnsignedBytes#compare,
+            // as Guava libraries cannot be used in the {@code com.google.protobuf} package.
+            int result =
+                Integer.compare(toInt(formerBytes.nextByte()), toInt(latterBytes.nextByte()));
+            if (result != 0) {
+              return result;
+            }
+          }
+
+          return Integer.compare(former.size(), latter.size());
+        }
+      };
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a {@link Comparator} which compares {@link ByteString}-s lexicographically
+   * as sequences of unsigned bytes (i.e. values between 0 and 255, inclusive).
+   *
+   * <p>For example, {@code (byte) -1} is considered to be greater than {@code (byte) 1} because it
+   * is interpreted as an unsigned value, {@code 255}:
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>{@code `-1` -> 0b11111111 (two's complement) -> 255}
+   *   <li>{@code `1` -> 0b00000001 -> 1}
+   * </ul>
+   */
+  public static Comparator<ByteString> unsignedLexicographicalComparator() {
+    return UNSIGNED_LEXICOGRAPHICAL_COMPARATOR;
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // ByteString -> substring
+
+  /**
+   * Return the substring from {@code beginIndex}, inclusive, to the end of the string.
+   *
+   * @param beginIndex start at this index
+   * @return substring sharing underlying data
+   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code beginIndex < 0} or {@code beginIndex > size()}.
+   */
+  public final ByteString substring(int beginIndex) {
+    return substring(beginIndex, size());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the substring from {@code beginIndex}, inclusive, to {@code endIndex}, exclusive.
+   *
+   * @param beginIndex start at this index
+   * @param endIndex the last character is the one before this index
+   * @return substring sharing underlying data
+   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code beginIndex < 0}, {@code endIndex > size()}, or
+   *     {@code beginIndex > endIndex}.
+   */
+  public abstract ByteString substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex);
+
+  /**
+   * Tests if this bytestring starts with the specified prefix. Similar to {@link
+   * String#startsWith(String)}
+   *
+   * @param prefix the prefix.
+   * @return <code>true</code> if the byte sequence represented by the argument is a prefix of the
+   *     byte sequence represented by this string; <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  public final boolean startsWith(ByteString prefix) {
+    return size() >= prefix.size() && substring(0, prefix.size()).equals(prefix);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests if this bytestring ends with the specified suffix. Similar to {@link
+   * String#endsWith(String)}
+   *
+   * @param suffix the suffix.
+   * @return <code>true</code> if the byte sequence represented by the argument is a suffix of the
+   *     byte sequence represented by this string; <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  public final boolean endsWith(ByteString suffix) {
+    return size() >= suffix.size() && substring(size() - suffix.size()).equals(suffix);
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // byte[] -> ByteString
+
+  /**
+   * Copies the given bytes into a {@code ByteString}.
+   *
+   * @param bytes source array
+   * @param offset offset in source array
+   * @param size number of bytes to copy
+   * @return new {@code ByteString}
+   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code offset} or {@code size} are out of bounds
+   */
+  public static ByteString copyFrom(byte[] bytes, int offset, int size) {
+    checkRange(offset, offset + size, bytes.length);
+    return new LiteralByteString(byteArrayCopier.copyFrom(bytes, offset, size));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Copies the given bytes into a {@code ByteString}.
+   *
+   * @param bytes to copy
+   * @return new {@code ByteString}
+   */
+  public static ByteString copyFrom(byte[] bytes) {
+    return copyFrom(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+  }
+
+  /** Wraps the given bytes into a {@code ByteString}. Intended for internal only usage. */
+  static ByteString wrap(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    if (buffer.hasArray()) {
+      final int offset = buffer.arrayOffset();
+      return ByteString.wrap(buffer.array(), offset + buffer.position(), buffer.remaining());
+    } else {
+      return new NioByteString(buffer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps the given bytes into a {@code ByteString}. Intended for internal only usage to force a
+   * classload of ByteString before LiteralByteString.
+   */
+  static ByteString wrap(byte[] bytes) {
+    // TODO(dweis): Return EMPTY when bytes are empty to reduce allocations?
+    return new LiteralByteString(bytes);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps the given bytes into a {@code ByteString}. Intended for internal only usage to force a
+   * classload of ByteString before BoundedByteString and LiteralByteString.
+   */
+  static ByteString wrap(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) {
+    return new BoundedByteString(bytes, offset, length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Copies the next {@code size} bytes from a {@code java.nio.ByteBuffer} into a {@code
+   * ByteString}.
+   *
+   * @param bytes source buffer
+   * @param size number of bytes to copy
+   * @return new {@code ByteString}
+   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code size > bytes.remaining()}
+   */
+  public static ByteString copyFrom(ByteBuffer bytes, int size) {
+    checkRange(0, size, bytes.remaining());
+    byte[] copy = new byte[size];
+    bytes.get(copy);
+    return new LiteralByteString(copy);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Copies the remaining bytes from a {@code java.nio.ByteBuffer} into a {@code ByteString}.
+   *
+   * @param bytes sourceBuffer
+   * @return new {@code ByteString}
+   */
+  public static ByteString copyFrom(ByteBuffer bytes) {
+    return copyFrom(bytes, bytes.remaining());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Encodes {@code text} into a sequence of bytes using the named charset and returns the result as
+   * a {@code ByteString}.
+   *
+   * @param text source string
+   * @param charsetName encoding to use
+   * @return new {@code ByteString}
+   * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException if the encoding isn't found
+   */
+  public static ByteString copyFrom(String text, String charsetName)
+      throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    return new LiteralByteString(text.getBytes(charsetName));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Encodes {@code text} into a sequence of bytes using the named charset and returns the result as
+   * a {@code ByteString}.
+   *
+   * @param text source string
+   * @param charset encode using this charset
+   * @return new {@code ByteString}
+   */
+  public static ByteString copyFrom(String text, Charset charset) {
+    return new LiteralByteString(text.getBytes(charset));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Encodes {@code text} into a sequence of UTF-8 bytes and returns the result as a {@code
+   * ByteString}.
+   *
+   * @param text source string
+   * @return new {@code ByteString}
+   */
+  public static ByteString copyFromUtf8(String text) {
+    return new LiteralByteString(text.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8));
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // InputStream -> ByteString
+
+  /**
+   * Completely reads the given stream's bytes into a {@code ByteString}, blocking if necessary
+   * until all bytes are read through to the end of the stream.
+   *
+   * <p><b>Performance notes:</b> The returned {@code ByteString} is an immutable tree of byte
+   * arrays ("chunks") of the stream data. The first chunk is small, with subsequent chunks each
+   * being double the size, up to 8K.
+   *
+   * <p>Each byte read from the input stream will be copied twice to ensure that the resulting
+   * ByteString is truly immutable.
+   *
+   * @param streamToDrain The source stream, which is read completely but not closed.
+   * @return A new {@code ByteString} which is made up of chunks of various sizes, depending on the
+   *     behavior of the underlying stream.
+   * @throws IOException IOException is thrown if there is a problem reading the underlying stream.
+   */
+  public static ByteString readFrom(InputStream streamToDrain) throws IOException {
+    return readFrom(streamToDrain, MIN_READ_FROM_CHUNK_SIZE, MAX_READ_FROM_CHUNK_SIZE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Completely reads the given stream's bytes into a {@code ByteString}, blocking if necessary
+   * until all bytes are read through to the end of the stream.
+   *
+   * <p><b>Performance notes:</b> The returned {@code ByteString} is an immutable tree of byte
+   * arrays ("chunks") of the stream data. The chunkSize parameter sets the size of these byte
+   * arrays.
+   *
+   * <p>Each byte read from the input stream will be copied twice to ensure that the resulting
+   * ByteString is truly immutable.
+   *
+   * @param streamToDrain The source stream, which is read completely but not closed.
+   * @param chunkSize The size of the chunks in which to read the stream.
+   * @return A new {@code ByteString} which is made up of chunks of the given size.
+   * @throws IOException IOException is thrown if there is a problem reading the underlying stream.
+   */
+  public static ByteString readFrom(InputStream streamToDrain, int chunkSize) throws IOException {
+    return readFrom(streamToDrain, chunkSize, chunkSize);
+  }
+
+  // Helper method that takes the chunk size range as a parameter.
+  public static ByteString readFrom(InputStream streamToDrain, int minChunkSize, int maxChunkSize)
+      throws IOException {
+    Collection<ByteString> results = new ArrayList<ByteString>();
+
+    // copy the inbound bytes into a list of chunks; the chunk size
+    // grows exponentially to support both short and long streams.
+    int chunkSize = minChunkSize;
+    while (true) {
+      ByteString chunk = readChunk(streamToDrain, chunkSize);
+      if (chunk == null) {
+        break;
+      }
+      results.add(chunk);
+      chunkSize = Math.min(chunkSize * 2, maxChunkSize);
+    }
+
+    return ByteString.copyFrom(results);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Blocks until a chunk of the given size can be made from the stream, or EOF is reached. Calls
+   * read() repeatedly in case the given stream implementation doesn't completely fill the given
+   * buffer in one read() call.
+   *
+   * @return A chunk of the desired size, or else a chunk as large as was available when end of
+   *     stream was reached. Returns null if the given stream had no more data in it.
+   */
+  private static ByteString readChunk(InputStream in, final int chunkSize) throws IOException {
+    final byte[] buf = new byte[chunkSize];
+    int bytesRead = 0;
+    while (bytesRead < chunkSize) {
+      final int count = in.read(buf, bytesRead, chunkSize - bytesRead);
+      if (count == -1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      bytesRead += count;
+    }
+
+    if (bytesRead == 0) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    // Always make a copy since InputStream could steal a reference to buf.
+    return ByteString.copyFrom(buf, 0, bytesRead);
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Multiple ByteStrings -> One ByteString
+
+  /**
+   * Concatenate the given {@code ByteString} to this one. Short concatenations, of total size
+   * smaller than {@link ByteString#CONCATENATE_BY_COPY_SIZE}, are produced by copying the
+   * underlying bytes (as per Rope.java, <a
+   * href="http://www.cs.ubc.ca/local/reading/proceedings/spe91-95/spe/vol25/issue12/spe986.pdf">
+   * BAP95 </a>. In general, the concatenate involves no copying.
+   *
+   * @param other string to concatenate
+   * @return a new {@code ByteString} instance
+   */
+  public final ByteString concat(ByteString other) {
+    if (Integer.MAX_VALUE - size() < other.size()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "ByteString would be too long: " + size() + "+" + other.size());
+    }
+
+    return RopeByteString.concatenate(this, other);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Concatenates all byte strings in the iterable and returns the result. This is designed to run
+   * in O(list size), not O(total bytes).
+   *
+   * <p>The returned {@code ByteString} is not necessarily a unique object. If the list is empty,
+   * the returned object is the singleton empty {@code ByteString}. If the list has only one
+   * element, that {@code ByteString} will be returned without copying.
+   *
+   * @param byteStrings strings to be concatenated
+   * @return new {@code ByteString}
+   */
+  public static ByteString copyFrom(Iterable<ByteString> byteStrings) {
+    // Determine the size;
+    final int size;
+    if (!(byteStrings instanceof Collection)) {
+      int tempSize = 0;
+      for (Iterator<ByteString> iter = byteStrings.iterator();
+          iter.hasNext();
+          iter.next(), ++tempSize) {}
+      size = tempSize;
+    } else {
+      size = ((Collection<ByteString>) byteStrings).size();
+    }
+
+    if (size == 0) {
+      return EMPTY;
+    }
+
+    return balancedConcat(byteStrings.iterator(), size);
+  }
+
+  // Internal function used by copyFrom(Iterable<ByteString>).
+  // Create a balanced concatenation of the next "length" elements from the
+  // iterable.
+  private static ByteString balancedConcat(Iterator<ByteString> iterator, int length) {
+    if (length < 1) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("length (%s) must be >= 1", length));
+    }
+    ByteString result;
+    if (length == 1) {
+      result = iterator.next();
+    } else {
+      int halfLength = length >>> 1;
+      ByteString left = balancedConcat(iterator, halfLength);
+      ByteString right = balancedConcat(iterator, length - halfLength);
+      result = left.concat(right);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // ByteString -> byte[]
+
+  /**
+   * Copies bytes into a buffer at the given offset.
+   *
+   * <p>To copy a subset of bytes, you call this method on the return value of {@link
+   * #substring(int, int)}. Example: {@code byteString.substring(start, end).copyTo(target, offset)}
+   *
+   * @param target buffer to copy into
+   * @param offset in the target buffer
+   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the offset is negative or too large
+   */
+  public void copyTo(byte[] target, int offset) {
+    copyTo(target, 0, offset, size());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Copies bytes into a buffer.
+   *
+   * @param target buffer to copy into
+   * @param sourceOffset offset within these bytes
+   * @param targetOffset offset within the target buffer
+   * @param numberToCopy number of bytes to copy
+   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if an offset or size is negative or too large
+   * @deprecated Instead, call {@code byteString.substring(sourceOffset, sourceOffset +
+   *     numberToCopy).copyTo(target, targetOffset)}
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public final void copyTo(byte[] target, int sourceOffset, int targetOffset, int numberToCopy) {
+    checkRange(sourceOffset, sourceOffset + numberToCopy, size());
+    checkRange(targetOffset, targetOffset + numberToCopy, target.length);
+    if (numberToCopy > 0) {
+      copyToInternal(target, sourceOffset, targetOffset, numberToCopy);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Internal (package private) implementation of {@link #copyTo(byte[],int,int,int)}. It assumes
+   * that all error checking has already been performed and that {@code numberToCopy > 0}.
+   */
+  protected abstract void copyToInternal(
+      byte[] target, int sourceOffset, int targetOffset, int numberToCopy);
+
+  /**
+   * Copies bytes into a ByteBuffer.
+   *
+   * <p>To copy a subset of bytes, you call this method on the return value of {@link
+   * #substring(int, int)}. Example: {@code byteString.substring(start, end).copyTo(target)}
+   *
+   * @param target ByteBuffer to copy into.
+   * @throws java.nio.ReadOnlyBufferException if the {@code target} is read-only
+   * @throws java.nio.BufferOverflowException if the {@code target}'s remaining() space is not large
+   *     enough to hold the data.
+   */
+  public abstract void copyTo(ByteBuffer target);
+
+  /**
+   * Copies bytes to a {@code byte[]}.
+   *
+   * @return copied bytes
+   */
+  public final byte[] toByteArray() {
+    final int size = size();
+    if (size == 0) {
+      return Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+    }
+    byte[] result = new byte[size];
+    copyToInternal(result, 0, 0, size);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Writes a copy of the contents of this byte string to the specified output stream argument.
+   *
+   * @param out the output stream to which to write the data.
+   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
+   */
+  public abstract void writeTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Writes a specified part of this byte string to an output stream.
+   *
+   * @param out the output stream to which to write the data.
+   * @param sourceOffset offset within these bytes
+   * @param numberToWrite number of bytes to write
+   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
+   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if an offset or size is negative or too large
+   */
+  final void writeTo(OutputStream out, int sourceOffset, int numberToWrite) throws IOException {
+    checkRange(sourceOffset, sourceOffset + numberToWrite, size());
+    if (numberToWrite > 0) {
+      writeToInternal(out, sourceOffset, numberToWrite);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Internal version of {@link #writeTo(OutputStream,int,int)} that assumes all error checking has
+   * already been done.
+   */
+  abstract void writeToInternal(OutputStream out, int sourceOffset, int numberToWrite)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Writes this {@link ByteString} to the provided {@link ByteOutput}. Calling this method may
+   * result in multiple operations on the target {@link ByteOutput}.
+   *
+   * <p>This method may expose internal backing buffers of the {@link ByteString} to the {@link
+   * ByteOutput} in order to avoid additional copying overhead. It would be possible for a malicious
+   * {@link ByteOutput} to corrupt the {@link ByteString}. Use with caution!
+   *
+   * @param byteOutput the output target to receive the bytes
+   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+   * @see UnsafeByteOperations#unsafeWriteTo(ByteString, ByteOutput)
+   */
+  abstract void writeTo(ByteOutput byteOutput) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * This method behaves exactly the same as {@link #writeTo(ByteOutput)} unless the {@link
+   * ByteString} is a rope. For ropes, the leaf nodes are written in reverse order to the {@code
+   * byteOutput}.
+   *
+   * @param byteOutput the output target to receive the bytes
+   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+   * @see UnsafeByteOperations#unsafeWriteToReverse(ByteString, ByteOutput)
+   */
+  abstract void writeToReverse(ByteOutput byteOutput) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a read-only {@code java.nio.ByteBuffer} whose content is equal to the contents of
+   * this byte string. The result uses the same backing array as the byte string, if possible.
+   *
+   * @return wrapped bytes
+   */
+  public abstract ByteBuffer asReadOnlyByteBuffer();
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a list of read-only {@code java.nio.ByteBuffer} objects such that the concatenation
+   * of their contents is equal to the contents of this byte string. The result uses the same
+   * backing arrays as the byte string.
+   *
+   * <p>By returning a list, implementations of this method may be able to avoid copying even when
+   * there are multiple backing arrays.
+   *
+   * @return a list of wrapped bytes
+   */
+  public abstract List<ByteBuffer> asReadOnlyByteBufferList();
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new {@code String} by decoding the bytes using the specified charset.
+   *
+   * @param charsetName encode using this charset
+   * @return new string
+   * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException if charset isn't recognized
+   */
+  public final String toString(String charsetName) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    try {
+      return toString(Charset.forName(charsetName));
+    } catch (UnsupportedCharsetException e) {
+      UnsupportedEncodingException exception = new UnsupportedEncodingException(charsetName);
+      exception.initCause(e);
+      throw exception;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new {@code String} by decoding the bytes using the specified charset. Returns the
+   * same empty String if empty.
+   *
+   * @param charset encode using this charset
+   * @return new string
+   */
+  public final String toString(Charset charset) {
+    return size() == 0 ? "" : toStringInternal(charset);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new {@code String} by decoding the bytes using the specified charset.
+   *
+   * @param charset encode using this charset
+   * @return new string
+   */
+  protected abstract String toStringInternal(Charset charset);
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // UTF-8 decoding
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new {@code String} by decoding the bytes as UTF-8.
+   *
+   * @return new string using UTF-8 encoding
+   */
+  public final String toStringUtf8() {
+    return toString(Internal.UTF_8);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tells whether this {@code ByteString} represents a well-formed UTF-8 byte sequence, such that
+   * the original bytes can be converted to a String object and then round tripped back to bytes
+   * without loss.
+   *
+   * <p>More precisely, returns {@code true} whenever:
+   *
+   * <pre>{@code
+   * Arrays.equals(byteString.toByteArray(),
+   *     new String(byteString.toByteArray(), "UTF-8").getBytes("UTF-8"))
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * <p>This method returns {@code false} for "overlong" byte sequences, as well as for 3-byte
+   * sequences that would map to a surrogate character, in accordance with the restricted definition
+   * of UTF-8 introduced in Unicode 3.1. Note that the UTF-8 decoder included in Oracle's JDK has
+   * been modified to also reject "overlong" byte sequences, but (as of 2011) still accepts 3-byte
+   * surrogate character byte sequences.
+   *
+   * <p>See the Unicode Standard,<br>
+   * Table 3-6. <em>UTF-8 Bit Distribution</em>,<br>
+   * Table 3-7. <em>Well Formed UTF-8 Byte Sequences</em>.
+   *
+   * @return whether the bytes in this {@code ByteString} are a well-formed UTF-8 byte sequence
+   */
+  public abstract boolean isValidUtf8();
+
+  /**
+   * Tells whether the given byte sequence is a well-formed, malformed, or incomplete UTF-8 byte
+   * sequence. This method accepts and returns a partial state result, allowing the bytes for a
+   * complete UTF-8 byte sequence to be composed from multiple {@code ByteString} segments.
+   *
+   * @param state either {@code 0} (if this is the initial decoding operation) or the value returned
+   *     from a call to a partial decoding method for the previous bytes
+   * @param offset offset of the first byte to check
+   * @param length number of bytes to check
+   * @return {@code -1} if the partial byte sequence is definitely malformed, {@code 0} if it is
+   *     well-formed (no additional input needed), or, if the byte sequence is "incomplete", i.e.
+   *     apparently terminated in the middle of a character, an opaque integer "state" value
+   *     containing enough information to decode the character when passed to a subsequent
+   *     invocation of a partial decoding method.
+   */
+  protected abstract int partialIsValidUtf8(int state, int offset, int length);
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // equals() and hashCode()
+
+  @Override
+  public abstract boolean equals(Object o);
+
+  /** Base class for leaf {@link ByteString}s (i.e. non-ropes). */
+  abstract static class LeafByteString extends ByteString {
+    @Override
+    protected final int getTreeDepth() {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected final boolean isBalanced() {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeToReverse(ByteOutput byteOutput) throws IOException {
+      writeTo(byteOutput);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check equality of the substring of given length of this object starting at zero with another
+     * {@code ByteString} substring starting at offset.
+     *
+     * @param other what to compare a substring in
+     * @param offset offset into other
+     * @param length number of bytes to compare
+     * @return true for equality of substrings, else false.
+     */
+    abstract boolean equalsRange(ByteString other, int offset, int length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the hashCode using the traditional algorithm from {@link ByteString}.
+   *
+   * @return hashCode value
+   */
+  @Override
+  public final int hashCode() {
+    int h = hash;
+
+    if (h == 0) {
+      int size = size();
+      h = partialHash(size, 0, size);
+      if (h == 0) {
+        h = 1;
+      }
+      hash = h;
+    }
+    return h;
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Input stream
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an {@code InputStream} which can be used to read the bytes.
+   *
+   * <p>The {@link InputStream} returned by this method is guaranteed to be completely non-blocking.
+   * The method {@link InputStream#available()} returns the number of bytes remaining in the stream.
+   * The methods {@link InputStream#read(byte[])}, {@link InputStream#read(byte[],int,int)} and
+   * {@link InputStream#skip(long)} will read/skip as many bytes as are available. The method {@link
+   * InputStream#markSupported()} returns {@code true}.
+   *
+   * <p>The methods in the returned {@link InputStream} might <b>not</b> be thread safe.
+   *
+   * @return an input stream that returns the bytes of this byte string.
+   */
+  public abstract InputStream newInput();
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a {@link CodedInputStream} which can be used to read the bytes. Using this is often
+   * more efficient than creating a {@link CodedInputStream} that wraps the result of {@link
+   * #newInput()}.
+   *
+   * @return stream based on wrapped data
+   */
+  public abstract CodedInputStream newCodedInput();
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Output stream
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new {@link Output} with the given initial capacity. Call {@link
+   * Output#toByteString()} to create the {@code ByteString} instance.
+   *
+   * <p>A {@link ByteString.Output} offers the same functionality as a {@link
+   * ByteArrayOutputStream}, except that it returns a {@link ByteString} rather than a {@code byte}
+   * array.
+   *
+   * @param initialCapacity estimate of number of bytes to be written
+   * @return {@code OutputStream} for building a {@code ByteString}
+   */
+  public static Output newOutput(int initialCapacity) {
+    return new Output(initialCapacity);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new {@link Output}. Call {@link Output#toByteString()} to create the {@code
+   * ByteString} instance.
+   *
+   * <p>A {@link ByteString.Output} offers the same functionality as a {@link
+   * ByteArrayOutputStream}, except that it returns a {@link ByteString} rather than a {@code byte
+   * array}.
+   *
+   * @return {@code OutputStream} for building a {@code ByteString}
+   */
+  public static Output newOutput() {
+    return new Output(CONCATENATE_BY_COPY_SIZE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Outputs to a {@code ByteString} instance. Call {@link #toByteString()} to create the {@code
+   * ByteString} instance.
+   */
+  public static final class Output extends OutputStream {
+    // Implementation note.
+    // The public methods of this class must be synchronized.  ByteStrings
+    // are guaranteed to be immutable.  Without some sort of locking, it could
+    // be possible for one thread to call toByteSring(), while another thread
+    // is still modifying the underlying byte array.
+
+    private static final byte[] EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY = new byte[0];
+    // argument passed by user, indicating initial capacity.
+    private final int initialCapacity;
+    // ByteStrings to be concatenated to create the result
+    private final ArrayList<ByteString> flushedBuffers;
+    // Total number of bytes in the ByteStrings of flushedBuffers
+    private int flushedBuffersTotalBytes;
+    // Current buffer to which we are writing
+    private byte[] buffer;
+    // Location in buffer[] to which we write the next byte.
+    private int bufferPos;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new ByteString output stream with the specified initial capacity.
+     *
+     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the output stream.
+     */
+    Output(int initialCapacity) {
+      if (initialCapacity < 0) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Buffer size < 0");
+      }
+      this.initialCapacity = initialCapacity;
+      this.flushedBuffers = new ArrayList<ByteString>();
+      this.buffer = new byte[initialCapacity];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void write(int b) {
+      if (bufferPos == buffer.length) {
+        flushFullBuffer(1);
+      }
+      buffer[bufferPos++] = (byte) b;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void write(byte[] b, int offset, int length) {
+      if (length <= buffer.length - bufferPos) {
+        // The bytes can fit into the current buffer.
+        System.arraycopy(b, offset, buffer, bufferPos, length);
+        bufferPos += length;
+      } else {
+        // Use up the current buffer
+        int copySize = buffer.length - bufferPos;
+        System.arraycopy(b, offset, buffer, bufferPos, copySize);
+        offset += copySize;
+        length -= copySize;
+        // Flush the buffer, and get a new buffer at least big enough to cover
+        // what we still need to output
+        flushFullBuffer(length);
+        System.arraycopy(b, offset, buffer, /* count= */ 0, length);
+        bufferPos = length;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a byte string. Its size is the current size of this output stream and its output has
+     * been copied to it.
+     *
+     * @return the current contents of this output stream, as a byte string.
+     */
+    public synchronized ByteString toByteString() {
+      flushLastBuffer();
+      return ByteString.copyFrom(flushedBuffers);
+    }
+
+    /** Implement java.util.Arrays.copyOf() for jdk 1.5. */
+    private byte[] copyArray(byte[] buffer, int length) {
+      byte[] result = new byte[length];
+      System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, result, 0, Math.min(buffer.length, length));
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes the complete contents of this byte array output stream to the specified output stream
+     * argument.
+     *
+     * @param out the output stream to which to write the data.
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
+     */
+    public void writeTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
+      ByteString[] cachedFlushBuffers;
+      byte[] cachedBuffer;
+      int cachedBufferPos;
+      synchronized (this) {
+        // Copy the information we need into local variables so as to hold
+        // the lock for as short a time as possible.
+        cachedFlushBuffers = flushedBuffers.toArray(new ByteString[flushedBuffers.size()]);
+        cachedBuffer = buffer;
+        cachedBufferPos = bufferPos;
+      }
+      for (ByteString byteString : cachedFlushBuffers) {
+        byteString.writeTo(out);
+      }
+
+      out.write(copyArray(cachedBuffer, cachedBufferPos));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current size of the output stream.
+     *
+     * @return the current size of the output stream
+     */
+    public synchronized int size() {
+      return flushedBuffersTotalBytes + bufferPos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resets this stream, so that all currently accumulated output in the output stream is
+     * discarded. The output stream can be used again, reusing the already allocated buffer space.
+     */
+    public synchronized void reset() {
+      flushedBuffers.clear();
+      flushedBuffersTotalBytes = 0;
+      bufferPos = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return String.format(
+          "<ByteString.Output@%s size=%d>",
+          Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(this)), size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Internal function used by writers. The current buffer is full, and the writer needs a new
+     * buffer whose size is at least the specified minimum size.
+     */
+    private void flushFullBuffer(int minSize) {
+      flushedBuffers.add(new LiteralByteString(buffer));
+      flushedBuffersTotalBytes += buffer.length;
+      // We want to increase our total capacity by 50%, but as a minimum,
+      // the new buffer should also at least be >= minSize and
+      // >= initial Capacity.
+      int newSize = Math.max(initialCapacity, Math.max(minSize, flushedBuffersTotalBytes >>> 1));
+      buffer = new byte[newSize];
+      bufferPos = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Internal function used by {@link #toByteString()}. The current buffer may or may not be full,
+     * but it needs to be flushed.
+     */
+    private void flushLastBuffer() {
+      if (bufferPos < buffer.length) {
+        if (bufferPos > 0) {
+          byte[] bufferCopy = copyArray(buffer, bufferPos);
+          flushedBuffers.add(new LiteralByteString(bufferCopy));
+        }
+        // We reuse this buffer for further writes.
+      } else {
+        // Buffer is completely full.  Huzzah.
+        flushedBuffers.add(new LiteralByteString(buffer));
+        // 99% of the time, we're not going to use this OutputStream again.
+        // We set buffer to an empty byte stream so that we're handling this
+        // case without wasting space.  In the rare case that more writes
+        // *do* occur, this empty buffer will be flushed and an appropriately
+        // sized new buffer will be created.
+        buffer = EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+      }
+      flushedBuffersTotalBytes += bufferPos;
+      bufferPos = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new {@code ByteString} builder, which allows you to efficiently construct a {@code
+   * ByteString} by writing to a {@link CodedOutputStream}. Using this is much more efficient than
+   * calling {@code newOutput()} and wrapping that in a {@code CodedOutputStream}.
+   *
+   * <p>This is package-private because it's a somewhat confusing interface. Users can call {@link
+   * Message#toByteString()} instead of calling this directly.
+   *
+   * @param size The target byte size of the {@code ByteString}. You must write exactly this many
+   *     bytes before building the result.
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  static CodedBuilder newCodedBuilder(int size) {
+    return new CodedBuilder(size);
+  }
+
+  /** See {@link ByteString#newCodedBuilder(int)}. */
+  static final class CodedBuilder {
+    private final CodedOutputStream output;
+    private final byte[] buffer;
+
+    private CodedBuilder(int size) {
+      buffer = new byte[size];
+      output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(buffer);
+    }
+
+    public ByteString build() {
+      output.checkNoSpaceLeft();
+
+      // We can be confident that the CodedOutputStream will not modify the
+      // underlying bytes anymore because it already wrote all of them.  So,
+      // no need to make a copy.
+      return new LiteralByteString(buffer);
+    }
+
+    public CodedOutputStream getCodedOutput() {
+      return output;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Methods {@link RopeByteString} needs on instances, which aren't part of the
+  // public API.
+
+  /**
+   * Return the depth of the tree representing this {@code ByteString}, if any, whose root is this
+   * node. If this is a leaf node, return 0.
+   *
+   * @return tree depth or zero
+   */
+  protected abstract int getTreeDepth();
+
+  /**
+   * Return {@code true} if this ByteString is literal (a leaf node) or a flat-enough tree in the
+   * sense of {@link RopeByteString}.
+   *
+   * @return true if the tree is flat enough
+   */
+  protected abstract boolean isBalanced();
+
+  /**
+   * Return the cached hash code if available.
+   *
+   * @return value of cached hash code or 0 if not computed yet
+   */
+  protected final int peekCachedHashCode() {
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the hash across the value bytes starting with the given hash, and return the result.
+   * This is used to compute the hash across strings represented as a set of pieces by allowing the
+   * hash computation to be continued from piece to piece.
+   *
+   * @param h starting hash value
+   * @param offset offset into this value to start looking at data values
+   * @param length number of data values to include in the hash computation
+   * @return ending hash value
+   */
+  protected abstract int partialHash(int h, int offset, int length);
+
+  /**
+   * Checks that the given index falls within the specified array size.
+   *
+   * @param index the index position to be tested
+   * @param size the length of the array
+   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index does not fall within the array.
+   */
+  static void checkIndex(int index, int size) {
+    if ((index | (size - (index + 1))) < 0) {
+      if (index < 0) {
+        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("Index < 0: " + index);
+      }
+      throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("Index > length: " + index + ", " + size);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks that the given range falls within the bounds of an array
+   *
+   * @param startIndex the start index of the range (inclusive)
+   * @param endIndex the end index of the range (exclusive)
+   * @param size the size of the array.
+   * @return the length of the range.
+   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException some or all of the range falls outside of the array.
+   */
+  static int checkRange(int startIndex, int endIndex, int size) {
+    final int length = endIndex - startIndex;
+    if ((startIndex | endIndex | length | (size - endIndex)) < 0) {
+      if (startIndex < 0) {
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Beginning index: " + startIndex + " < 0");
+      }
+      if (endIndex < startIndex) {
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
+            "Beginning index larger than ending index: " + startIndex + ", " + endIndex);
+      }
+      // endIndex >= size
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("End index: " + endIndex + " >= " + size);
+    }
+    return length;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final String toString() {
+    return String.format(
+        Locale.ROOT,
+        "<ByteString@%s size=%d contents=\"%s\">",
+        toHexString(identityHashCode(this)),
+        size(),
+        truncateAndEscapeForDisplay());
+  }
+
+  private String truncateAndEscapeForDisplay() {
+    final int limit = 50;
+
+    return size() <= limit ? escapeBytes(this) : escapeBytes(substring(0, limit - 3)) + "...";
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This class implements a {@link com.google.protobuf.ByteString} backed by a single array of
+   * bytes, contiguous in memory. It supports substring by pointing to only a sub-range of the
+   * underlying byte array, meaning that a substring will reference the full byte-array of the
+   * string it's made from, exactly as with {@link String}.
+   *
+   * @author carlanton@google.com (Carl Haverl)
+   */
+  // Keep this class private to avoid deadlocks in classloading across threads as ByteString's
+  // static initializer loads LiteralByteString and another thread loads LiteralByteString.
+  private static class LiteralByteString extends ByteString.LeafByteString {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    protected final byte[] bytes;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code LiteralByteString} backed by the given array, without copying.
+     *
+     * @param bytes array to wrap
+     */
+    LiteralByteString(byte[] bytes) {
+      if (bytes == null) {
+        throw new NullPointerException();
+      }
+      this.bytes = bytes;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte byteAt(int index) {
+      // Unlike most methods in this class, this one is a direct implementation
+      // ignoring the potential offset because we need to do range-checking in the
+      // substring case anyway.
+      return bytes[index];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    byte internalByteAt(int index) {
+      return bytes[index];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+      return bytes.length;
+    }
+
+    // =================================================================
+    // ByteString -> substring
+
+    @Override
+    public final ByteString substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
+      final int length = checkRange(beginIndex, endIndex, size());
+
+      if (length == 0) {
+        return ByteString.EMPTY;
+      }
+
+      return new BoundedByteString(bytes, getOffsetIntoBytes() + beginIndex, length);
+    }
+
+    // =================================================================
+    // ByteString -> byte[]
+
+    @Override
+    protected void copyToInternal(
+        byte[] target, int sourceOffset, int targetOffset, int numberToCopy) {
+      // Optimized form, not for subclasses, since we don't call
+      // getOffsetIntoBytes() or check the 'numberToCopy' parameter.
+      // TODO(nathanmittler): Is not calling getOffsetIntoBytes really saving that much?
+      System.arraycopy(bytes, sourceOffset, target, targetOffset, numberToCopy);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void copyTo(ByteBuffer target) {
+      target.put(bytes, getOffsetIntoBytes(), size()); // Copies bytes
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final ByteBuffer asReadOnlyByteBuffer() {
+      return ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes, getOffsetIntoBytes(), size()).asReadOnlyBuffer();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final List<ByteBuffer> asReadOnlyByteBufferList() {
+      return Collections.singletonList(asReadOnlyByteBuffer());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeTo(OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException {
+      outputStream.write(toByteArray());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    final void writeToInternal(OutputStream outputStream, int sourceOffset, int numberToWrite)
+        throws IOException {
+      outputStream.write(bytes, getOffsetIntoBytes() + sourceOffset, numberToWrite);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    final void writeTo(ByteOutput output) throws IOException {
+      output.writeLazy(bytes, getOffsetIntoBytes(), size());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected final String toStringInternal(Charset charset) {
+      return new String(bytes, getOffsetIntoBytes(), size(), charset);
+    }
+
+    // =================================================================
+    // UTF-8 decoding
+
+    @Override
+    public final boolean isValidUtf8() {
+      int offset = getOffsetIntoBytes();
+      return Utf8.isValidUtf8(bytes, offset, offset + size());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected final int partialIsValidUtf8(int state, int offset, int length) {
+      int index = getOffsetIntoBytes() + offset;
+      return Utf8.partialIsValidUtf8(state, bytes, index, index + length);
+    }
+
+    // =================================================================
+    // equals() and hashCode()
+
+    @Override
+    public final boolean equals(Object other) {
+      if (other == this) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!(other instanceof ByteString)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (size() != ((ByteString) other).size()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (size() == 0) {
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      if (other instanceof LiteralByteString) {
+        LiteralByteString otherAsLiteral = (LiteralByteString) other;
+        // If we know the hash codes and they are not equal, we know the byte
+        // strings are not equal.
+        int thisHash = peekCachedHashCode();
+        int thatHash = otherAsLiteral.peekCachedHashCode();
+        if (thisHash != 0 && thatHash != 0 && thisHash != thatHash) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        return equalsRange((LiteralByteString) other, 0, size());
+      } else {
+        // RopeByteString and NioByteString.
+        return other.equals(this);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check equality of the substring of given length of this object starting at zero with another
+     * {@code LiteralByteString} substring starting at offset.
+     *
+     * @param other what to compare a substring in
+     * @param offset offset into other
+     * @param length number of bytes to compare
+     * @return true for equality of substrings, else false.
+     */
+    @Override
+    final boolean equalsRange(ByteString other, int offset, int length) {
+      if (length > other.size()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Length too large: " + length + size());
+      }
+      if (offset + length > other.size()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Ran off end of other: " + offset + ", " + length + ", " + other.size());
+      }
+
+      if (other instanceof LiteralByteString) {
+        LiteralByteString lbsOther = (LiteralByteString) other;
+        byte[] thisBytes = bytes;
+        byte[] otherBytes = lbsOther.bytes;
+        int thisLimit = getOffsetIntoBytes() + length;
+        for (int thisIndex = getOffsetIntoBytes(),
+                otherIndex = lbsOther.getOffsetIntoBytes() + offset;
+            (thisIndex < thisLimit);
+            ++thisIndex, ++otherIndex) {
+          if (thisBytes[thisIndex] != otherBytes[otherIndex]) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      return other.substring(offset, offset + length).equals(substring(0, length));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected final int partialHash(int h, int offset, int length) {
+      return Internal.partialHash(h, bytes, getOffsetIntoBytes() + offset, length);
+    }
+
+    // =================================================================
+    // Input stream
+
+    @Override
+    public final InputStream newInput() {
+      return new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes, getOffsetIntoBytes(), size()); // No copy
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final CodedInputStream newCodedInput() {
+      // We trust CodedInputStream not to modify the bytes, or to give anyone
+      // else access to them.
+      return CodedInputStream.newInstance(
+          bytes, getOffsetIntoBytes(), size(), /* bufferIsImmutable= */ true);
+    }
+
+    // =================================================================
+    // Internal methods
+
+    /**
+     * Offset into {@code bytes[]} to use, non-zero for substrings.
+     *
+     * @return always 0 for this class
+     */
+    protected int getOffsetIntoBytes() {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This class is used to represent the substring of a {@link ByteString} over a single byte array.
+   * In terms of the public API of {@link ByteString}, you end up here by calling {@link
+   * ByteString#copyFrom(byte[])} followed by {@link ByteString#substring(int, int)}.
+   *
+   * <p>This class contains most of the overhead involved in creating a substring from a {@link
+   * LiteralByteString}. The overhead involves some range-checking and two extra fields.
+   *
+   * @author carlanton@google.com (Carl Haverl)
+   */
+  // Keep this class private to avoid deadlocks in classloading across threads as ByteString's
+  // static initializer loads LiteralByteString and another thread loads BoundedByteString.
+  private static final class BoundedByteString extends LiteralByteString {
+
+    private final int bytesOffset;
+    private final int bytesLength;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@code BoundedByteString} backed by the sub-range of given array, without copying.
+     *
+     * @param bytes array to wrap
+     * @param offset index to first byte to use in bytes
+     * @param length number of bytes to use from bytes
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code offset < 0}, {@code length < 0}, or if {@code
+     *     offset + length > bytes.length}.
+     */
+    BoundedByteString(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) {
+      super(bytes);
+      checkRange(offset, offset + length, bytes.length);
+
+      this.bytesOffset = offset;
+      this.bytesLength = length;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the byte at the given index. Throws {@link ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException} for
+     * backwards-compatibility reasons although it would more properly be {@link
+     * IndexOutOfBoundsException}.
+     *
+     * @param index index of byte
+     * @return the value
+     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException {@code index} is < 0 or >= size
+     */
+    @Override
+    public byte byteAt(int index) {
+      // We must check the index ourselves as we cannot rely on Java array index
+      // checking for substrings.
+      checkIndex(index, size());
+      return bytes[bytesOffset + index];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    byte internalByteAt(int index) {
+      return bytes[bytesOffset + index];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+      return bytesLength;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected int getOffsetIntoBytes() {
+      return bytesOffset;
+    }
+
+    // =================================================================
+    // ByteString -> byte[]
+
+    @Override
+    protected void copyToInternal(
+        byte[] target, int sourceOffset, int targetOffset, int numberToCopy) {
+      System.arraycopy(
+          bytes, getOffsetIntoBytes() + sourceOffset, target, targetOffset, numberToCopy);
+    }
+
+    // =================================================================
+    // Serializable
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    Object writeReplace() {
+      return ByteString.wrap(toByteArray());
+    }
+
+    private void readObject(@SuppressWarnings("unused") ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException {
+      throw new InvalidObjectException(
+          "BoundedByteStream instances are not to be serialized directly");
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStream.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStream.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2c7cc472
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStream.java
@@ -0,0 +1,3924 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.UTF_8;
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FIXED32_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FIXED64_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.MAX_VARINT_SIZE;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Reads and decodes protocol message fields.
+ *
+ * <p>This class contains two kinds of methods: methods that read specific protocol message
+ * constructs and field types (e.g. {@link #readTag()} and {@link #readInt32()}) and methods that
+ * read low-level values (e.g. {@link #readRawVarint32()} and {@link #readRawBytes}). If you are
+ * reading encoded protocol messages, you should use the former methods, but if you are reading some
+ * other format of your own design, use the latter.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public abstract class CodedInputStream {
+  private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
+  private static final int DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT = 100;
+  // Integer.MAX_VALUE == 0x7FFFFFF == INT_MAX from limits.h
+  private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE_LIMIT = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+
+  /** Visible for subclasses. See setRecursionLimit() */
+  int recursionDepth;
+
+  int recursionLimit = DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT;
+
+  /** Visible for subclasses. See setSizeLimit() */
+  int sizeLimit = DEFAULT_SIZE_LIMIT;
+
+  /** Used to adapt to the experimental {@link Reader} interface. */
+  CodedInputStreamReader wrapper;
+
+  /** Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given InputStream. */
+  public static CodedInputStream newInstance(final InputStream input) {
+    return newInstance(input, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
+  }
+
+  /** Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given InputStream, with a specified buffer size. */
+  public static CodedInputStream newInstance(final InputStream input, int bufferSize) {
+    if (bufferSize <= 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("bufferSize must be > 0");
+    }
+    if (input == null) {
+      // TODO(nathanmittler): Ideally we should throw here. This is done for backward compatibility.
+      return newInstance(EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY);
+    }
+    return new StreamDecoder(input, bufferSize);
+  }
+
+  /** Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given {@code Iterable <ByteBuffer>}. */
+  public static CodedInputStream newInstance(final Iterable<ByteBuffer> input) {
+    if (!UnsafeDirectNioDecoder.isSupported()) {
+      return newInstance(new IterableByteBufferInputStream(input));
+    }
+    return newInstance(input, false);
+  }
+
+  /** Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given {@code Iterable <ByteBuffer>}. */
+  static CodedInputStream newInstance(
+      final Iterable<ByteBuffer> bufs, final boolean bufferIsImmutable) {
+    // flag is to check the type of input's ByteBuffers.
+    // flag equals 1: all ByteBuffers have array.
+    // flag equals 2: all ByteBuffers are direct ByteBuffers.
+    // flag equals 3: some ByteBuffers are direct and some have array.
+    // flag greater than 3: other cases.
+    int flag = 0;
+    // Total size of the input
+    int totalSize = 0;
+    for (ByteBuffer buf : bufs) {
+      totalSize += buf.remaining();
+      if (buf.hasArray()) {
+        flag |= 1;
+      } else if (buf.isDirect()) {
+        flag |= 2;
+      } else {
+        flag |= 4;
+      }
+    }
+    if (flag == 2) {
+      return new IterableDirectByteBufferDecoder(bufs, totalSize, bufferIsImmutable);
+    } else {
+      // TODO(yilunchong): add another decoders to deal case 1 and 3.
+      return newInstance(new IterableByteBufferInputStream(bufs));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given byte array. */
+  public static CodedInputStream newInstance(final byte[] buf) {
+    return newInstance(buf, 0, buf.length);
+  }
+
+  /** Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given byte array slice. */
+  public static CodedInputStream newInstance(final byte[] buf, final int off, final int len) {
+    return newInstance(buf, off, len, /* bufferIsImmutable= */ false);
+  }
+
+  /** Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given byte array slice. */
+  static CodedInputStream newInstance(
+      final byte[] buf, final int off, final int len, final boolean bufferIsImmutable) {
+    ArrayDecoder result = new ArrayDecoder(buf, off, len, bufferIsImmutable);
+    try {
+      // Some uses of CodedInputStream can be more efficient if they know
+      // exactly how many bytes are available.  By pushing the end point of the
+      // buffer as a limit, we allow them to get this information via
+      // getBytesUntilLimit().  Pushing a limit that we know is at the end of
+      // the stream can never hurt, since we can never past that point anyway.
+      result.pushLimit(len);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException ex) {
+      // The only reason pushLimit() might throw an exception here is if len
+      // is negative. Normally pushLimit()'s parameter comes directly off the
+      // wire, so it's important to catch exceptions in case of corrupt or
+      // malicious data. However, in this case, we expect that len is not a
+      // user-supplied value, so we can assume that it being negative indicates
+      // a programming error. Therefore, throwing an unchecked exception is
+      // appropriate.
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(ex);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given ByteBuffer. The data starting from the
+   * ByteBuffer's current position to its limit will be read. The returned CodedInputStream may or
+   * may not share the underlying data in the ByteBuffer, therefore the ByteBuffer cannot be changed
+   * while the CodedInputStream is in use. Note that the ByteBuffer's position won't be changed by
+   * this function. Concurrent calls with the same ByteBuffer object are safe if no other thread is
+   * trying to alter the ByteBuffer's status.
+   */
+  public static CodedInputStream newInstance(ByteBuffer buf) {
+    return newInstance(buf, /* bufferIsImmutable= */ false);
+  }
+
+  /** Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given buffer. */
+  static CodedInputStream newInstance(ByteBuffer buf, boolean bufferIsImmutable) {
+    if (buf.hasArray()) {
+      return newInstance(
+          buf.array(), buf.arrayOffset() + buf.position(), buf.remaining(), bufferIsImmutable);
+    }
+
+    if (buf.isDirect() && UnsafeDirectNioDecoder.isSupported()) {
+      return new UnsafeDirectNioDecoder(buf, bufferIsImmutable);
+    }
+
+    // The buffer is non-direct and does not expose the underlying array. Using the ByteBuffer API
+    // to access individual bytes is very slow, so just copy the buffer to an array.
+    // TODO(nathanmittler): Re-evaluate with Java 9
+    byte[] buffer = new byte[buf.remaining()];
+    buf.duplicate().get(buffer);
+    return newInstance(buffer, 0, buffer.length, true);
+  }
+
+  /** Disable construction/inheritance outside of this class. */
+  private CodedInputStream() {}
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Attempt to read a field tag, returning zero if we have reached EOF. Protocol message parsers
+   * use this to read tags, since a protocol message may legally end wherever a tag occurs, and zero
+   * is not a valid tag number.
+   */
+  public abstract int readTag() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Verifies that the last call to readTag() returned the given tag value. This is used to verify
+   * that a nested group ended with the correct end tag.
+   *
+   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {@code value} does not match the last tag.
+   */
+  public abstract void checkLastTagWas(final int value) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  public abstract int getLastTag();
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and discards a single field, given its tag value.
+   *
+   * @return {@code false} if the tag is an endgroup tag, in which case nothing is skipped.
+   *     Otherwise, returns {@code true}.
+   */
+  public abstract boolean skipField(final int tag) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads a single field and writes it to output in wire format, given its tag value.
+   *
+   * @return {@code false} if the tag is an endgroup tag, in which case nothing is skipped.
+   *     Otherwise, returns {@code true}.
+   * @deprecated use {@code UnknownFieldSet} or {@code UnknownFieldSetLite} to skip to an output
+   *     stream.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public abstract boolean skipField(final int tag, final CodedOutputStream output)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and discards an entire message. This will read either until EOF or until an endgroup tag,
+   * whichever comes first.
+   */
+  public abstract void skipMessage() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads an entire message and writes it to output in wire format. This will read either until EOF
+   * or until an endgroup tag, whichever comes first.
+   */
+  public abstract void skipMessage(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException;
+
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /** Read a {@code double} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract double readDouble() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a {@code float} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract float readFloat() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a {@code uint64} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract long readUInt64() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read an {@code int64} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract long readInt64() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read an {@code int32} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract int readInt32() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a {@code fixed64} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract long readFixed64() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a {@code fixed32} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract int readFixed32() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a {@code bool} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract boolean readBool() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Read a {@code string} field value from the stream. If the stream contains malformed UTF-8,
+   * replace the offending bytes with the standard UTF-8 replacement character.
+   */
+  public abstract String readString() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Read a {@code string} field value from the stream. If the stream contains malformed UTF-8,
+   * throw exception {@link InvalidProtocolBufferException}.
+   */
+  public abstract String readStringRequireUtf8() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a {@code group} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract void readGroup(
+      final int fieldNumber,
+      final MessageLite.Builder builder,
+      final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException;
+
+
+  /** Read a {@code group} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract <T extends MessageLite> T readGroup(
+      final int fieldNumber, final Parser<T> parser, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads a {@code group} field value from the stream and merges it into the given {@link
+   * UnknownFieldSet}.
+   *
+   * @deprecated UnknownFieldSet.Builder now implements MessageLite.Builder, so you can just call
+   *     {@link #readGroup}.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public abstract void readUnknownGroup(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite.Builder builder)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read an embedded message field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract void readMessage(
+      final MessageLite.Builder builder, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException;
+
+
+  /** Read an embedded message field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract <T extends MessageLite> T readMessage(
+      final Parser<T> parser, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a {@code bytes} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract ByteString readBytes() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a {@code bytes} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract byte[] readByteArray() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a {@code bytes} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract ByteBuffer readByteBuffer() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a {@code uint32} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract int readUInt32() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Read an enum field value from the stream. Caller is responsible for converting the numeric
+   * value to an actual enum.
+   */
+  public abstract int readEnum() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read an {@code sfixed32} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract int readSFixed32() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read an {@code sfixed64} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract long readSFixed64() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read an {@code sint32} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract int readSInt32() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read an {@code sint64} field value from the stream. */
+  public abstract long readSInt64() throws IOException;
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** Read a raw Varint from the stream. If larger than 32 bits, discard the upper bits. */
+  public abstract int readRawVarint32() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a raw Varint from the stream. */
+  public abstract long readRawVarint64() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Variant of readRawVarint64 for when uncomfortably close to the limit. */
+  /* Visible for testing */
+  abstract long readRawVarint64SlowPath() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a 32-bit little-endian integer from the stream. */
+  public abstract int readRawLittleEndian32() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a 64-bit little-endian integer from the stream. */
+  public abstract long readRawLittleEndian64() throws IOException;
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Enables {@link ByteString} aliasing of the underlying buffer, trading off on buffer pinning for
+   * data copies. Only valid for buffer-backed streams.
+   */
+  public abstract void enableAliasing(boolean enabled);
+
+  /**
+   * Set the maximum message recursion depth. In order to prevent malicious messages from causing
+   * stack overflows, {@code CodedInputStream} limits how deeply messages may be nested. The default
+   * limit is 100.
+   *
+   * @return the old limit.
+   */
+  public final int setRecursionLimit(final int limit) {
+    if (limit < 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Recursion limit cannot be negative: " + limit);
+    }
+    final int oldLimit = recursionLimit;
+    recursionLimit = limit;
+    return oldLimit;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Only valid for {@link InputStream}-backed streams.
+   *
+   * <p>Set the maximum message size. In order to prevent malicious messages from exhausting memory
+   * or causing integer overflows, {@code CodedInputStream} limits how large a message may be. The
+   * default limit is {@code Integer.MAX_INT}. You should set this limit as small as you can without
+   * harming your app's functionality. Note that size limits only apply when reading from an {@code
+   * InputStream}, not when constructed around a raw byte array.
+   *
+   * <p>If you want to read several messages from a single CodedInputStream, you could call {@link
+   * #resetSizeCounter()} after each one to avoid hitting the size limit.
+   *
+   * @return the old limit.
+   */
+  public final int setSizeLimit(final int limit) {
+    if (limit < 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Size limit cannot be negative: " + limit);
+    }
+    final int oldLimit = sizeLimit;
+    sizeLimit = limit;
+    return oldLimit;
+  }
+
+  private boolean shouldDiscardUnknownFields = false;
+
+  /**
+   * Sets this {@code CodedInputStream} to discard unknown fields. Only applies to full runtime
+   * messages; lite messages will always preserve unknowns.
+   *
+   * <p>Note calling this function alone will have NO immediate effect on the underlying input data.
+   * The unknown fields will be discarded during parsing. This affects both Proto2 and Proto3 full
+   * runtime.
+   */
+  final void discardUnknownFields() {
+    shouldDiscardUnknownFields = true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reverts the unknown fields preservation behavior for Proto2 and Proto3 full runtime to their
+   * default.
+   */
+  final void unsetDiscardUnknownFields() {
+    shouldDiscardUnknownFields = false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Whether unknown fields in this input stream should be discarded during parsing into full
+   * runtime messages.
+   */
+  final boolean shouldDiscardUnknownFields() {
+    return shouldDiscardUnknownFields;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resets the current size counter to zero (see {@link #setSizeLimit(int)}). Only valid for {@link
+   * InputStream}-backed streams.
+   */
+  public abstract void resetSizeCounter();
+
+  /**
+   * Sets {@code currentLimit} to (current position) + {@code byteLimit}. This is called when
+   * descending into a length-delimited embedded message.
+   *
+   * <p>Note that {@code pushLimit()} does NOT affect how many bytes the {@code CodedInputStream}
+   * reads from an underlying {@code InputStream} when refreshing its buffer. If you need to prevent
+   * reading past a certain point in the underlying {@code InputStream} (e.g. because you expect it
+   * to contain more data after the end of the message which you need to handle differently) then
+   * you must place a wrapper around your {@code InputStream} which limits the amount of data that
+   * can be read from it.
+   *
+   * @return the old limit.
+   */
+  public abstract int pushLimit(int byteLimit) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Discards the current limit, returning to the previous limit.
+   *
+   * @param oldLimit The old limit, as returned by {@code pushLimit}.
+   */
+  public abstract void popLimit(final int oldLimit);
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the number of bytes to be read before the current limit. If no limit is set, returns
+   * -1.
+   */
+  public abstract int getBytesUntilLimit();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if the stream has reached the end of the input. This is the case if either the end
+   * of the underlying input source has been reached or if the stream has reached a limit created
+   * using {@link #pushLimit(int)}. This function may get blocked when using StreamDecoder as it
+   * invokes {@link #StreamDecoder.tryRefillBuffer(int)} in this function which will try to read
+   * bytes from input.
+   */
+  public abstract boolean isAtEnd() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * The total bytes read up to the current position. Calling {@link #resetSizeCounter()} resets
+   * this value to zero.
+   */
+  public abstract int getTotalBytesRead();
+
+  /**
+   * Read one byte from the input.
+   *
+   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException The end of the stream or the current limit was reached.
+   */
+  public abstract byte readRawByte() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Read a fixed size of bytes from the input.
+   *
+   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException The end of the stream or the current limit was reached.
+   */
+  public abstract byte[] readRawBytes(final int size) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and discards {@code size} bytes.
+   *
+   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException The end of the stream or the current limit was reached.
+   */
+  public abstract void skipRawBytes(final int size) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Decode a ZigZag-encoded 32-bit value. ZigZag encodes signed integers into values that can be
+   * efficiently encoded with varint. (Otherwise, negative values must be sign-extended to 64 bits
+   * to be varint encoded, thus always taking 10 bytes on the wire.)
+   *
+   * @param n An unsigned 32-bit integer, stored in a signed int because Java has no explicit
+   *     unsigned support.
+   * @return A signed 32-bit integer.
+   */
+  public static int decodeZigZag32(final int n) {
+    return (n >>> 1) ^ -(n & 1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decode a ZigZag-encoded 64-bit value. ZigZag encodes signed integers into values that can be
+   * efficiently encoded with varint. (Otherwise, negative values must be sign-extended to 64 bits
+   * to be varint encoded, thus always taking 10 bytes on the wire.)
+   *
+   * @param n An unsigned 64-bit integer, stored in a signed int because Java has no explicit
+   *     unsigned support.
+   * @return A signed 64-bit integer.
+   */
+  public static long decodeZigZag64(final long n) {
+    return (n >>> 1) ^ -(n & 1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #readRawVarint32(InputStream)}, but expects that the caller has already read one
+   * byte. This allows the caller to determine if EOF has been reached before attempting to read.
+   */
+  public static int readRawVarint32(final int firstByte, final InputStream input)
+      throws IOException {
+    if ((firstByte & 0x80) == 0) {
+      return firstByte;
+    }
+
+    int result = firstByte & 0x7f;
+    int offset = 7;
+    for (; offset < 32; offset += 7) {
+      final int b = input.read();
+      if (b == -1) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      result |= (b & 0x7f) << offset;
+      if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
+        return result;
+      }
+    }
+    // Keep reading up to 64 bits.
+    for (; offset < 64; offset += 7) {
+      final int b = input.read();
+      if (b == -1) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
+        return result;
+      }
+    }
+    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reads a varint from the input one byte at a time, so that it does not read any bytes after the
+   * end of the varint. If you simply wrapped the stream in a CodedInputStream and used {@link
+   * #readRawVarint32(InputStream)} then you would probably end up reading past the end of the
+   * varint since CodedInputStream buffers its input.
+   */
+  static int readRawVarint32(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
+    final int firstByte = input.read();
+    if (firstByte == -1) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+    return readRawVarint32(firstByte, input);
+  }
+
+  /** A {@link CodedInputStream} implementation that uses a backing array as the input. */
+  private static final class ArrayDecoder extends CodedInputStream {
+    private final byte[] buffer;
+    private final boolean immutable;
+    private int limit;
+    private int bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+    private int pos;
+    private int startPos;
+    private int lastTag;
+    private boolean enableAliasing;
+
+    /** The absolute position of the end of the current message. */
+    private int currentLimit = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+
+    private ArrayDecoder(final byte[] buffer, final int offset, final int len, boolean immutable) {
+      this.buffer = buffer;
+      limit = offset + len;
+      pos = offset;
+      startPos = pos;
+      this.immutable = immutable;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readTag() throws IOException {
+      if (isAtEnd()) {
+        lastTag = 0;
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      lastTag = readRawVarint32();
+      if (WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(lastTag) == 0) {
+        // If we actually read zero (or any tag number corresponding to field
+        // number zero), that's not a valid tag.
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag();
+      }
+      return lastTag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void checkLastTagWas(final int value) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (lastTag != value) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidEndTag();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getLastTag() {
+      return lastTag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField(final int tag) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          skipRawVarint();
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          skipRawBytes(FIXED64_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          skipRawBytes(readRawVarint32());
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          skipMessage();
+          checkLastTagWas(
+              WireFormat.makeTag(WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          return false;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          skipRawBytes(FIXED32_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField(final int tag, final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          {
+            long value = readInt64();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          {
+            long value = readRawLittleEndian64();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          {
+            ByteString value = readBytes();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeBytesNoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          {
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            skipMessage(output);
+            int endtag =
+                WireFormat.makeTag(
+                    WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+            checkLastTagWas(endtag);
+            output.writeRawVarint32(endtag);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          {
+            return false;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          {
+            int value = readRawLittleEndian32();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipMessage() throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipMessage(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag, output)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Override
+    public double readDouble() throws IOException {
+      return Double.longBitsToDouble(readRawLittleEndian64());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float readFloat() throws IOException {
+      return Float.intBitsToFloat(readRawLittleEndian32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readUInt64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readInt64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readInt32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readFixed64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readFixed32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean readBool() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64() != 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String readString() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= (limit - pos)) {
+        // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
+        //   just copy directly from it.
+        final String result = new String(buffer, pos, size, UTF_8);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return "";
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String readStringRequireUtf8() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= (limit - pos)) {
+        String result = Utf8.decodeUtf8(buffer, pos, size);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return "";
+      }
+      if (size <= 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readGroup(
+        final int fieldNumber,
+        final MessageLite.Builder builder,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      --recursionDepth;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends MessageLite> T readGroup(
+        final int fieldNumber,
+        final Parser<T> parser,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      --recursionDepth;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Deprecated
+    @Override
+    public void readUnknownGroup(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite.Builder builder)
+        throws IOException {
+      readGroup(fieldNumber, builder, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readMessage(
+        final MessageLite.Builder builder, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      final int length = readRawVarint32();
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(0);
+      --recursionDepth;
+      popLimit(oldLimit);
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends MessageLite> T readMessage(
+        final Parser<T> parser, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      int length = readRawVarint32();
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(0);
+      --recursionDepth;
+      popLimit(oldLimit);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteString readBytes() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= (limit - pos)) {
+        // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
+        //   just copy directly from it.
+        final ByteString result =
+            immutable && enableAliasing
+                ? ByteString.wrap(buffer, pos, size)
+                : ByteString.copyFrom(buffer, pos, size);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return ByteString.EMPTY;
+      }
+      // Slow path:  Build a byte array first then copy it.
+      return ByteString.wrap(readRawBytes(size));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] readByteArray() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      return readRawBytes(size);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteBuffer readByteBuffer() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= (limit - pos)) {
+        // Fast path: We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer.
+        // When aliasing is enabled, we can return a ByteBuffer pointing directly
+        // into the underlying byte array without copy if the CodedInputStream is
+        // constructed from a byte array. If aliasing is disabled or the input is
+        // from an InputStream or ByteString, we have to make a copy of the bytes.
+        ByteBuffer result =
+            !immutable && enableAliasing
+                ? ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, pos, size).slice()
+                : ByteBuffer.wrap(Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, pos, pos + size));
+        pos += size;
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Investigate making the ByteBuffer be made read-only
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readUInt32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readEnum() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readSFixed32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readSFixed64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readSInt32() throws IOException {
+      return decodeZigZag32(readRawVarint32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readSInt64() throws IOException {
+      return decodeZigZag64(readRawVarint64());
+    }
+
+    // =================================================================
+
+    @Override
+    public int readRawVarint32() throws IOException {
+      // See implementation notes for readRawVarint64
+      fastpath:
+      {
+        int tempPos = pos;
+
+        if (limit == tempPos) {
+          break fastpath;
+        }
+
+        final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+        int x;
+        if ((x = buffer[tempPos++]) >= 0) {
+          pos = tempPos;
+          return x;
+        } else if (limit - tempPos < 9) {
+          break fastpath;
+        } else if ((x ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 7)) < 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7);
+        } else if ((x ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 14)) >= 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14);
+        } else if ((x ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 21)) < 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21);
+        } else {
+          int y = buffer[tempPos++];
+          x ^= y << 28;
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21) ^ (~0 << 28);
+          if (y < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0) {
+            break fastpath; // Will throw malformedVarint()
+          }
+        }
+        pos = tempPos;
+        return x;
+      }
+      return (int) readRawVarint64SlowPath();
+    }
+
+    private void skipRawVarint() throws IOException {
+      if (limit - pos >= MAX_VARINT_SIZE) {
+        skipRawVarintFastPath();
+      } else {
+        skipRawVarintSlowPath();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void skipRawVarintFastPath() throws IOException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VARINT_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (buffer[pos++] >= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    private void skipRawVarintSlowPath() throws IOException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VARINT_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (readRawByte() >= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readRawVarint64() throws IOException {
+      // Implementation notes:
+      //
+      // Optimized for one-byte values, expected to be common.
+      // The particular code below was selected from various candidates
+      // empirically, by winning VarintBenchmark.
+      //
+      // Sign extension of (signed) Java bytes is usually a nuisance, but
+      // we exploit it here to more easily obtain the sign of bytes read.
+      // Instead of cleaning up the sign extension bits by masking eagerly,
+      // we delay until we find the final (positive) byte, when we clear all
+      // accumulated bits with one xor.  We depend on javac to constant fold.
+      fastpath:
+      {
+        int tempPos = pos;
+
+        if (limit == tempPos) {
+          break fastpath;
+        }
+
+        final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+        long x;
+        int y;
+        if ((y = buffer[tempPos++]) >= 0) {
+          pos = tempPos;
+          return y;
+        } else if (limit - tempPos < 9) {
+          break fastpath;
+        } else if ((y ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 7)) < 0) {
+          x = y ^ (~0 << 7);
+        } else if ((y ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 14)) >= 0) {
+          x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14));
+        } else if ((y ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 21)) < 0) {
+          x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21));
+        } else if ((x = y ^ ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 28)) >= 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 35)) < 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 42)) >= 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35) ^ (~0L << 42);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 49)) < 0L) {
+          x ^=
+              (~0L << 7)
+                  ^ (~0L << 14)
+                  ^ (~0L << 21)
+                  ^ (~0L << 28)
+                  ^ (~0L << 35)
+                  ^ (~0L << 42)
+                  ^ (~0L << 49);
+        } else {
+          x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 56);
+          x ^=
+              (~0L << 7)
+                  ^ (~0L << 14)
+                  ^ (~0L << 21)
+                  ^ (~0L << 28)
+                  ^ (~0L << 35)
+                  ^ (~0L << 42)
+                  ^ (~0L << 49)
+                  ^ (~0L << 56);
+          if (x < 0L) {
+            if (buffer[tempPos++] < 0L) {
+              break fastpath; // Will throw malformedVarint()
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        pos = tempPos;
+        return x;
+      }
+      return readRawVarint64SlowPath();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    long readRawVarint64SlowPath() throws IOException {
+      long result = 0;
+      for (int shift = 0; shift < 64; shift += 7) {
+        final byte b = readRawByte();
+        result |= (long) (b & 0x7F) << shift;
+        if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
+          return result;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readRawLittleEndian32() throws IOException {
+      int tempPos = pos;
+
+      if (limit - tempPos < FIXED32_SIZE) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+
+      final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+      pos = tempPos + FIXED32_SIZE;
+      return (((buffer[tempPos] & 0xff))
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 1] & 0xff) << 8)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 2] & 0xff) << 16)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 3] & 0xff) << 24));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readRawLittleEndian64() throws IOException {
+      int tempPos = pos;
+
+      if (limit - tempPos < FIXED64_SIZE) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+
+      final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+      pos = tempPos + FIXED64_SIZE;
+      return (((buffer[tempPos] & 0xffL))
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 1] & 0xffL) << 8)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 2] & 0xffL) << 16)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 3] & 0xffL) << 24)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 4] & 0xffL) << 32)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 5] & 0xffL) << 40)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 6] & 0xffL) << 48)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 7] & 0xffL) << 56));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enableAliasing(boolean enabled) {
+      this.enableAliasing = enabled;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void resetSizeCounter() {
+      startPos = pos;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int pushLimit(int byteLimit) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (byteLimit < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      byteLimit += getTotalBytesRead();
+      final int oldLimit = currentLimit;
+      if (byteLimit > oldLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      currentLimit = byteLimit;
+
+      recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+
+      return oldLimit;
+    }
+
+    private void recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit() {
+      limit += bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+      final int bufferEnd = limit - startPos;
+      if (bufferEnd > currentLimit) {
+        // Limit is in current buffer.
+        bufferSizeAfterLimit = bufferEnd - currentLimit;
+        limit -= bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+      } else {
+        bufferSizeAfterLimit = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void popLimit(final int oldLimit) {
+      currentLimit = oldLimit;
+      recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getBytesUntilLimit() {
+      if (currentLimit == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+
+      return currentLimit - getTotalBytesRead();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isAtEnd() throws IOException {
+      return pos == limit;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesRead() {
+      return pos - startPos;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte readRawByte() throws IOException {
+      if (pos == limit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      return buffer[pos++];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] readRawBytes(final int length) throws IOException {
+      if (length > 0 && length <= (limit - pos)) {
+        final int tempPos = pos;
+        pos += length;
+        return Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, tempPos, pos);
+      }
+
+      if (length <= 0) {
+        if (length == 0) {
+          return Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+        } else {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipRawBytes(final int length) throws IOException {
+      if (length >= 0 && length <= (limit - pos)) {
+        // We have all the bytes we need already.
+        pos += length;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (length < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A {@link CodedInputStream} implementation that uses a backing direct ByteBuffer as the input.
+   * Requires the use of {@code sun.misc.Unsafe} to perform fast reads on the buffer.
+   */
+  private static final class UnsafeDirectNioDecoder extends CodedInputStream {
+    /** The direct buffer that is backing this stream. */
+    private final ByteBuffer buffer;
+
+    /**
+     * If {@code true}, indicates that the buffer is backing a {@link ByteString} and is therefore
+     * considered to be an immutable input source.
+     */
+    private final boolean immutable;
+
+    /** The unsafe address of the content of {@link #buffer}. */
+    private final long address;
+
+    /** The unsafe address of the current read limit of the buffer. */
+    private long limit;
+
+    /** The unsafe address of the current read position of the buffer. */
+    private long pos;
+
+    /** The unsafe address of the starting read position. */
+    private long startPos;
+
+    /** The amount of available data in the buffer beyond {@link #limit}. */
+    private int bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+
+    /** The last tag that was read from this stream. */
+    private int lastTag;
+
+    /**
+     * If {@code true}, indicates that calls to read {@link ByteString} or {@code byte[]}
+     * <strong>may</strong> return slices of the underlying buffer, rather than copies.
+     */
+    private boolean enableAliasing;
+
+    /** The absolute position of the end of the current message. */
+    private int currentLimit = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+
+    static boolean isSupported() {
+      return UnsafeUtil.hasUnsafeByteBufferOperations();
+    }
+
+    private UnsafeDirectNioDecoder(ByteBuffer buffer, boolean immutable) {
+      this.buffer = buffer;
+      address = UnsafeUtil.addressOffset(buffer);
+      limit = address + buffer.limit();
+      pos = address + buffer.position();
+      startPos = pos;
+      this.immutable = immutable;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readTag() throws IOException {
+      if (isAtEnd()) {
+        lastTag = 0;
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      lastTag = readRawVarint32();
+      if (WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(lastTag) == 0) {
+        // If we actually read zero (or any tag number corresponding to field
+        // number zero), that's not a valid tag.
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag();
+      }
+      return lastTag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void checkLastTagWas(final int value) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (lastTag != value) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidEndTag();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getLastTag() {
+      return lastTag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField(final int tag) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          skipRawVarint();
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          skipRawBytes(FIXED64_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          skipRawBytes(readRawVarint32());
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          skipMessage();
+          checkLastTagWas(
+              WireFormat.makeTag(WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          return false;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          skipRawBytes(FIXED32_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField(final int tag, final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          {
+            long value = readInt64();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          {
+            long value = readRawLittleEndian64();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          {
+            ByteString value = readBytes();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeBytesNoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          {
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            skipMessage(output);
+            int endtag =
+                WireFormat.makeTag(
+                    WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+            checkLastTagWas(endtag);
+            output.writeRawVarint32(endtag);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          {
+            return false;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          {
+            int value = readRawLittleEndian32();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipMessage() throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipMessage(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag, output)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Override
+    public double readDouble() throws IOException {
+      return Double.longBitsToDouble(readRawLittleEndian64());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float readFloat() throws IOException {
+      return Float.intBitsToFloat(readRawLittleEndian32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readUInt64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readInt64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readInt32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readFixed64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readFixed32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean readBool() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64() != 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String readString() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= remaining()) {
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Is there a way to avoid this copy?
+        // TODO(anuraaga): It might be possible to share the optimized loop with
+        // readStringRequireUtf8 by implementing Java replacement logic there.
+        // The same as readBytes' logic
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+        UnsafeUtil.copyMemory(pos, bytes, 0, size);
+        String result = new String(bytes, UTF_8);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return "";
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String readStringRequireUtf8() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= remaining()) {
+        final int bufferPos = bufferPos(pos);
+        String result = Utf8.decodeUtf8(buffer, bufferPos, size);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return "";
+      }
+      if (size <= 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readGroup(
+        final int fieldNumber,
+        final MessageLite.Builder builder,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      --recursionDepth;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends MessageLite> T readGroup(
+        final int fieldNumber,
+        final Parser<T> parser,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      --recursionDepth;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Deprecated
+    @Override
+    public void readUnknownGroup(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite.Builder builder)
+        throws IOException {
+      readGroup(fieldNumber, builder, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readMessage(
+        final MessageLite.Builder builder, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      final int length = readRawVarint32();
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(0);
+      --recursionDepth;
+      popLimit(oldLimit);
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends MessageLite> T readMessage(
+        final Parser<T> parser, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      int length = readRawVarint32();
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(0);
+      --recursionDepth;
+      popLimit(oldLimit);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteString readBytes() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= remaining()) {
+        if (immutable && enableAliasing) {
+          final ByteBuffer result = slice(pos, pos + size);
+          pos += size;
+          return ByteString.wrap(result);
+        } else {
+          // Use UnsafeUtil to copy the memory to bytes instead of using ByteBuffer ways.
+          byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+          UnsafeUtil.copyMemory(pos, bytes, 0, size);
+          pos += size;
+          return ByteString.wrap(bytes);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return ByteString.EMPTY;
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] readByteArray() throws IOException {
+      return readRawBytes(readRawVarint32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteBuffer readByteBuffer() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= remaining()) {
+        // "Immutable" implies that buffer is backing a ByteString.
+        // Disallow slicing in this case to prevent the caller from modifying the contents
+        // of the ByteString.
+        if (!immutable && enableAliasing) {
+          final ByteBuffer result = slice(pos, pos + size);
+          pos += size;
+          return result;
+        } else {
+          // The same as readBytes' logic
+          byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+          UnsafeUtil.copyMemory(pos, bytes, 0, size);
+          pos += size;
+          return ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
+        }
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Investigate making the ByteBuffer be made read-only
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readUInt32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readEnum() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readSFixed32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readSFixed64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readSInt32() throws IOException {
+      return decodeZigZag32(readRawVarint32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readSInt64() throws IOException {
+      return decodeZigZag64(readRawVarint64());
+    }
+
+    // =================================================================
+
+    @Override
+    public int readRawVarint32() throws IOException {
+      // See implementation notes for readRawVarint64
+      fastpath:
+      {
+        long tempPos = pos;
+
+        if (limit == tempPos) {
+          break fastpath;
+        }
+
+        int x;
+        if ((x = UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++)) >= 0) {
+          pos = tempPos;
+          return x;
+        } else if (limit - tempPos < 9) {
+          break fastpath;
+        } else if ((x ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 7)) < 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7);
+        } else if ((x ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 14)) >= 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14);
+        } else if ((x ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 21)) < 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21);
+        } else {
+          int y = UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++);
+          x ^= y << 28;
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21) ^ (~0 << 28);
+          if (y < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0) {
+            break fastpath; // Will throw malformedVarint()
+          }
+        }
+        pos = tempPos;
+        return x;
+      }
+      return (int) readRawVarint64SlowPath();
+    }
+
+    private void skipRawVarint() throws IOException {
+      if (remaining() >= MAX_VARINT_SIZE) {
+        skipRawVarintFastPath();
+      } else {
+        skipRawVarintSlowPath();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void skipRawVarintFastPath() throws IOException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VARINT_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (UnsafeUtil.getByte(pos++) >= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    private void skipRawVarintSlowPath() throws IOException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VARINT_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (readRawByte() >= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readRawVarint64() throws IOException {
+      // Implementation notes:
+      //
+      // Optimized for one-byte values, expected to be common.
+      // The particular code below was selected from various candidates
+      // empirically, by winning VarintBenchmark.
+      //
+      // Sign extension of (signed) Java bytes is usually a nuisance, but
+      // we exploit it here to more easily obtain the sign of bytes read.
+      // Instead of cleaning up the sign extension bits by masking eagerly,
+      // we delay until we find the final (positive) byte, when we clear all
+      // accumulated bits with one xor.  We depend on javac to constant fold.
+      fastpath:
+      {
+        long tempPos = pos;
+
+        if (limit == tempPos) {
+          break fastpath;
+        }
+
+        long x;
+        int y;
+        if ((y = UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++)) >= 0) {
+          pos = tempPos;
+          return y;
+        } else if (limit - tempPos < 9) {
+          break fastpath;
+        } else if ((y ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 7)) < 0) {
+          x = y ^ (~0 << 7);
+        } else if ((y ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 14)) >= 0) {
+          x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14));
+        } else if ((y ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 21)) < 0) {
+          x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21));
+        } else if ((x = y ^ ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 28)) >= 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 35)) < 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 42)) >= 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35) ^ (~0L << 42);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 49)) < 0L) {
+          x ^=
+              (~0L << 7)
+                  ^ (~0L << 14)
+                  ^ (~0L << 21)
+                  ^ (~0L << 28)
+                  ^ (~0L << 35)
+                  ^ (~0L << 42)
+                  ^ (~0L << 49);
+        } else {
+          x ^= ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 56);
+          x ^=
+              (~0L << 7)
+                  ^ (~0L << 14)
+                  ^ (~0L << 21)
+                  ^ (~0L << 28)
+                  ^ (~0L << 35)
+                  ^ (~0L << 42)
+                  ^ (~0L << 49)
+                  ^ (~0L << 56);
+          if (x < 0L) {
+            if (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0L) {
+              break fastpath; // Will throw malformedVarint()
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        pos = tempPos;
+        return x;
+      }
+      return readRawVarint64SlowPath();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    long readRawVarint64SlowPath() throws IOException {
+      long result = 0;
+      for (int shift = 0; shift < 64; shift += 7) {
+        final byte b = readRawByte();
+        result |= (long) (b & 0x7F) << shift;
+        if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
+          return result;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readRawLittleEndian32() throws IOException {
+      long tempPos = pos;
+
+      if (limit - tempPos < FIXED32_SIZE) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+
+      pos = tempPos + FIXED32_SIZE;
+      return (((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos) & 0xff))
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 1) & 0xff) << 8)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 2) & 0xff) << 16)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 3) & 0xff) << 24));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readRawLittleEndian64() throws IOException {
+      long tempPos = pos;
+
+      if (limit - tempPos < FIXED64_SIZE) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+
+      pos = tempPos + FIXED64_SIZE;
+      return (((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos) & 0xffL))
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 1) & 0xffL) << 8)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 2) & 0xffL) << 16)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 3) & 0xffL) << 24)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 4) & 0xffL) << 32)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 5) & 0xffL) << 40)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 6) & 0xffL) << 48)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 7) & 0xffL) << 56));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enableAliasing(boolean enabled) {
+      this.enableAliasing = enabled;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void resetSizeCounter() {
+      startPos = pos;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int pushLimit(int byteLimit) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (byteLimit < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      byteLimit += getTotalBytesRead();
+      final int oldLimit = currentLimit;
+      if (byteLimit > oldLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      currentLimit = byteLimit;
+
+      recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+
+      return oldLimit;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void popLimit(final int oldLimit) {
+      currentLimit = oldLimit;
+      recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getBytesUntilLimit() {
+      if (currentLimit == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+
+      return currentLimit - getTotalBytesRead();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isAtEnd() throws IOException {
+      return pos == limit;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesRead() {
+      return (int) (pos - startPos);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte readRawByte() throws IOException {
+      if (pos == limit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      return UnsafeUtil.getByte(pos++);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] readRawBytes(final int length) throws IOException {
+      if (length >= 0 && length <= remaining()) {
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
+        slice(pos, pos + length).get(bytes);
+        pos += length;
+        return bytes;
+      }
+
+      if (length <= 0) {
+        if (length == 0) {
+          return EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+        } else {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+        }
+      }
+
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipRawBytes(final int length) throws IOException {
+      if (length >= 0 && length <= remaining()) {
+        // We have all the bytes we need already.
+        pos += length;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (length < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    private void recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit() {
+      limit += bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+      final int bufferEnd = (int) (limit - startPos);
+      if (bufferEnd > currentLimit) {
+        // Limit is in current buffer.
+        bufferSizeAfterLimit = bufferEnd - currentLimit;
+        limit -= bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+      } else {
+        bufferSizeAfterLimit = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private int remaining() {
+      return (int) (limit - pos);
+    }
+
+    private int bufferPos(long pos) {
+      return (int) (pos - address);
+    }
+
+    private ByteBuffer slice(long begin, long end) throws IOException {
+      int prevPos = buffer.position();
+      int prevLimit = buffer.limit();
+      try {
+        buffer.position(bufferPos(begin));
+        buffer.limit(bufferPos(end));
+        return buffer.slice();
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      } finally {
+        buffer.position(prevPos);
+        buffer.limit(prevLimit);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Implementation of {@link CodedInputStream} that uses an {@link InputStream} as the data source.
+   */
+  private static final class StreamDecoder extends CodedInputStream {
+    private final InputStream input;
+    private final byte[] buffer;
+    /** bufferSize represents how many bytes are currently filled in the buffer */
+    private int bufferSize;
+
+    private int bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+    private int pos;
+    private int lastTag;
+
+    /**
+     * The total number of bytes read before the current buffer. The total bytes read up to the
+     * current position can be computed as {@code totalBytesRetired + pos}. This value may be
+     * negative if reading started in the middle of the current buffer (e.g. if the constructor that
+     * takes a byte array and an offset was used).
+     */
+    private int totalBytesRetired;
+
+    /** The absolute position of the end of the current message. */
+    private int currentLimit = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+
+    private StreamDecoder(final InputStream input, int bufferSize) {
+      checkNotNull(input, "input");
+      this.input = input;
+      this.buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
+      this.bufferSize = 0;
+      pos = 0;
+      totalBytesRetired = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readTag() throws IOException {
+      if (isAtEnd()) {
+        lastTag = 0;
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      lastTag = readRawVarint32();
+      if (WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(lastTag) == 0) {
+        // If we actually read zero (or any tag number corresponding to field
+        // number zero), that's not a valid tag.
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag();
+      }
+      return lastTag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void checkLastTagWas(final int value) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (lastTag != value) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidEndTag();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getLastTag() {
+      return lastTag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField(final int tag) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          skipRawVarint();
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          skipRawBytes(FIXED64_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          skipRawBytes(readRawVarint32());
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          skipMessage();
+          checkLastTagWas(
+              WireFormat.makeTag(WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          return false;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          skipRawBytes(FIXED32_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField(final int tag, final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          {
+            long value = readInt64();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          {
+            long value = readRawLittleEndian64();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          {
+            ByteString value = readBytes();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeBytesNoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          {
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            skipMessage(output);
+            int endtag =
+                WireFormat.makeTag(
+                    WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+            checkLastTagWas(endtag);
+            output.writeRawVarint32(endtag);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          {
+            return false;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          {
+            int value = readRawLittleEndian32();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipMessage() throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipMessage(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag, output)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Collects the bytes skipped and returns the data in a ByteBuffer. */
+    private class SkippedDataSink implements RefillCallback {
+      private int lastPos = pos;
+      private ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayStream;
+
+      @Override
+      public void onRefill() {
+        if (byteArrayStream == null) {
+          byteArrayStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        }
+        byteArrayStream.write(buffer, lastPos, pos - lastPos);
+        lastPos = 0;
+      }
+
+      /** Gets skipped data in a ByteBuffer. This method should only be called once. */
+      ByteBuffer getSkippedData() {
+        if (byteArrayStream == null) {
+          return ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, lastPos, pos - lastPos);
+        } else {
+          byteArrayStream.write(buffer, lastPos, pos);
+          return ByteBuffer.wrap(byteArrayStream.toByteArray());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Override
+    public double readDouble() throws IOException {
+      return Double.longBitsToDouble(readRawLittleEndian64());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float readFloat() throws IOException {
+      return Float.intBitsToFloat(readRawLittleEndian32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readUInt64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readInt64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readInt32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readFixed64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readFixed32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean readBool() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64() != 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String readString() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= (bufferSize - pos)) {
+        // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
+        //   just copy directly from it.
+        final String result = new String(buffer, pos, size, UTF_8);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return "";
+      }
+      if (size <= bufferSize) {
+        refillBuffer(size);
+        String result = new String(buffer, pos, size, UTF_8);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+      // Slow path:  Build a byte array first then copy it.
+      return new String(readRawBytesSlowPath(size, /* ensureNoLeakedReferences= */ false), UTF_8);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String readStringRequireUtf8() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      final byte[] bytes;
+      final int oldPos = pos;
+      final int tempPos;
+      if (size <= (bufferSize - oldPos) && size > 0) {
+        // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
+        //   just copy directly from it.
+        bytes = buffer;
+        pos = oldPos + size;
+        tempPos = oldPos;
+      } else if (size == 0) {
+        return "";
+      } else if (size <= bufferSize) {
+        refillBuffer(size);
+        bytes = buffer;
+        tempPos = 0;
+        pos = tempPos + size;
+      } else {
+        // Slow path:  Build a byte array first then copy it.
+        bytes = readRawBytesSlowPath(size, /* ensureNoLeakedReferences= */ false);
+        tempPos = 0;
+      }
+      return Utf8.decodeUtf8(bytes, tempPos, size);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readGroup(
+        final int fieldNumber,
+        final MessageLite.Builder builder,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      --recursionDepth;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends MessageLite> T readGroup(
+        final int fieldNumber,
+        final Parser<T> parser,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      --recursionDepth;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Deprecated
+    @Override
+    public void readUnknownGroup(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite.Builder builder)
+        throws IOException {
+      readGroup(fieldNumber, builder, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readMessage(
+        final MessageLite.Builder builder, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      final int length = readRawVarint32();
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(0);
+      --recursionDepth;
+      popLimit(oldLimit);
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends MessageLite> T readMessage(
+        final Parser<T> parser, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      int length = readRawVarint32();
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(0);
+      --recursionDepth;
+      popLimit(oldLimit);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteString readBytes() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size <= (bufferSize - pos) && size > 0) {
+        // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
+        //   just copy directly from it.
+        final ByteString result = ByteString.copyFrom(buffer, pos, size);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return ByteString.EMPTY;
+      }
+      return readBytesSlowPath(size);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] readByteArray() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size <= (bufferSize - pos) && size > 0) {
+        // Fast path: We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
+        // just copy directly from it.
+        final byte[] result = Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, pos, pos + size);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      } else {
+        // Slow path: Build a byte array first then copy it.
+        // TODO(dweis): Do we want to protect from malicious input streams here?
+        return readRawBytesSlowPath(size, /* ensureNoLeakedReferences= */ false);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteBuffer readByteBuffer() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size <= (bufferSize - pos) && size > 0) {
+        // Fast path: We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer.
+        ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, pos, pos + size));
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
+      }
+      // Slow path: Build a byte array first then copy it.
+      
+      // We must copy as the byte array was handed off to the InputStream and a malicious
+      // implementation could retain a reference.
+      return ByteBuffer.wrap(readRawBytesSlowPath(size, /* ensureNoLeakedReferences= */ true));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readUInt32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readEnum() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readSFixed32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readSFixed64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readSInt32() throws IOException {
+      return decodeZigZag32(readRawVarint32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readSInt64() throws IOException {
+      return decodeZigZag64(readRawVarint64());
+    }
+
+    // =================================================================
+
+    @Override
+    public int readRawVarint32() throws IOException {
+      // See implementation notes for readRawVarint64
+      fastpath:
+      {
+        int tempPos = pos;
+
+        if (bufferSize == tempPos) {
+          break fastpath;
+        }
+
+        final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+        int x;
+        if ((x = buffer[tempPos++]) >= 0) {
+          pos = tempPos;
+          return x;
+        } else if (bufferSize - tempPos < 9) {
+          break fastpath;
+        } else if ((x ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 7)) < 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7);
+        } else if ((x ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 14)) >= 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14);
+        } else if ((x ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 21)) < 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21);
+        } else {
+          int y = buffer[tempPos++];
+          x ^= y << 28;
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21) ^ (~0 << 28);
+          if (y < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0) {
+            break fastpath; // Will throw malformedVarint()
+          }
+        }
+        pos = tempPos;
+        return x;
+      }
+      return (int) readRawVarint64SlowPath();
+    }
+
+    private void skipRawVarint() throws IOException {
+      if (bufferSize - pos >= MAX_VARINT_SIZE) {
+        skipRawVarintFastPath();
+      } else {
+        skipRawVarintSlowPath();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void skipRawVarintFastPath() throws IOException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VARINT_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (buffer[pos++] >= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    private void skipRawVarintSlowPath() throws IOException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VARINT_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (readRawByte() >= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readRawVarint64() throws IOException {
+      // Implementation notes:
+      //
+      // Optimized for one-byte values, expected to be common.
+      // The particular code below was selected from various candidates
+      // empirically, by winning VarintBenchmark.
+      //
+      // Sign extension of (signed) Java bytes is usually a nuisance, but
+      // we exploit it here to more easily obtain the sign of bytes read.
+      // Instead of cleaning up the sign extension bits by masking eagerly,
+      // we delay until we find the final (positive) byte, when we clear all
+      // accumulated bits with one xor.  We depend on javac to constant fold.
+      fastpath:
+      {
+        int tempPos = pos;
+
+        if (bufferSize == tempPos) {
+          break fastpath;
+        }
+
+        final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+        long x;
+        int y;
+        if ((y = buffer[tempPos++]) >= 0) {
+          pos = tempPos;
+          return y;
+        } else if (bufferSize - tempPos < 9) {
+          break fastpath;
+        } else if ((y ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 7)) < 0) {
+          x = y ^ (~0 << 7);
+        } else if ((y ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 14)) >= 0) {
+          x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14));
+        } else if ((y ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 21)) < 0) {
+          x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21));
+        } else if ((x = y ^ ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 28)) >= 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 35)) < 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 42)) >= 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35) ^ (~0L << 42);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 49)) < 0L) {
+          x ^=
+              (~0L << 7)
+                  ^ (~0L << 14)
+                  ^ (~0L << 21)
+                  ^ (~0L << 28)
+                  ^ (~0L << 35)
+                  ^ (~0L << 42)
+                  ^ (~0L << 49);
+        } else {
+          x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 56);
+          x ^=
+              (~0L << 7)
+                  ^ (~0L << 14)
+                  ^ (~0L << 21)
+                  ^ (~0L << 28)
+                  ^ (~0L << 35)
+                  ^ (~0L << 42)
+                  ^ (~0L << 49)
+                  ^ (~0L << 56);
+          if (x < 0L) {
+            if (buffer[tempPos++] < 0L) {
+              break fastpath; // Will throw malformedVarint()
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        pos = tempPos;
+        return x;
+      }
+      return readRawVarint64SlowPath();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    long readRawVarint64SlowPath() throws IOException {
+      long result = 0;
+      for (int shift = 0; shift < 64; shift += 7) {
+        final byte b = readRawByte();
+        result |= (long) (b & 0x7F) << shift;
+        if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
+          return result;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readRawLittleEndian32() throws IOException {
+      int tempPos = pos;
+
+      if (bufferSize - tempPos < FIXED32_SIZE) {
+        refillBuffer(FIXED32_SIZE);
+        tempPos = pos;
+      }
+
+      final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+      pos = tempPos + FIXED32_SIZE;
+      return (((buffer[tempPos] & 0xff))
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 1] & 0xff) << 8)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 2] & 0xff) << 16)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 3] & 0xff) << 24));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readRawLittleEndian64() throws IOException {
+      int tempPos = pos;
+
+      if (bufferSize - tempPos < FIXED64_SIZE) {
+        refillBuffer(FIXED64_SIZE);
+        tempPos = pos;
+      }
+
+      final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+      pos = tempPos + FIXED64_SIZE;
+      return (((buffer[tempPos] & 0xffL))
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 1] & 0xffL) << 8)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 2] & 0xffL) << 16)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 3] & 0xffL) << 24)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 4] & 0xffL) << 32)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 5] & 0xffL) << 40)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 6] & 0xffL) << 48)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 7] & 0xffL) << 56));
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Override
+    public void enableAliasing(boolean enabled) {
+      // TODO(nathanmittler): Ideally we should throw here. Do nothing for backward compatibility.
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void resetSizeCounter() {
+      totalBytesRetired = -pos;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int pushLimit(int byteLimit) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (byteLimit < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      byteLimit += totalBytesRetired + pos;
+      final int oldLimit = currentLimit;
+      if (byteLimit > oldLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      currentLimit = byteLimit;
+
+      recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+
+      return oldLimit;
+    }
+
+    private void recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit() {
+      bufferSize += bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+      final int bufferEnd = totalBytesRetired + bufferSize;
+      if (bufferEnd > currentLimit) {
+        // Limit is in current buffer.
+        bufferSizeAfterLimit = bufferEnd - currentLimit;
+        bufferSize -= bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+      } else {
+        bufferSizeAfterLimit = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void popLimit(final int oldLimit) {
+      currentLimit = oldLimit;
+      recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getBytesUntilLimit() {
+      if (currentLimit == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+
+      final int currentAbsolutePosition = totalBytesRetired + pos;
+      return currentLimit - currentAbsolutePosition;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isAtEnd() throws IOException {
+      return pos == bufferSize && !tryRefillBuffer(1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesRead() {
+      return totalBytesRetired + pos;
+    }
+
+    private interface RefillCallback {
+      void onRefill();
+    }
+
+    private RefillCallback refillCallback = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Reads more bytes from the input, making at least {@code n} bytes available in the buffer.
+     * Caller must ensure that the requested space is not yet available, and that the requested
+     * space is less than BUFFER_SIZE.
+     *
+     * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException The end of the stream or the current limit was
+     *     reached.
+     */
+    private void refillBuffer(int n) throws IOException {
+      if (!tryRefillBuffer(n)) {
+        // We have to distinguish the exception between sizeLimitExceeded and truncatedMessage. So
+        // we just throw an sizeLimitExceeded exception here if it exceeds the sizeLimit
+        if (n > sizeLimit - totalBytesRetired - pos) {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.sizeLimitExceeded();
+        } else {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tries to read more bytes from the input, making at least {@code n} bytes available in the
+     * buffer. Caller must ensure that the requested space is not yet available, and that the
+     * requested space is less than BUFFER_SIZE.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} If the bytes could be made available; {@code false} 1. Current at the
+     *     end of the stream 2. The current limit was reached 3. The total size limit was reached
+     */
+    private boolean tryRefillBuffer(int n) throws IOException {
+      if (pos + n <= bufferSize) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(
+            "refillBuffer() called when " + n + " bytes were already available in buffer");
+      }
+
+      // Check whether the size of total message needs to read is bigger than the size limit.
+      // We shouldn't throw an exception here as isAtEnd() function needs to get this function's
+      // return as the result.
+      if (n > sizeLimit - totalBytesRetired - pos) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      // Shouldn't throw the exception here either.
+      if (totalBytesRetired + pos + n > currentLimit) {
+        // Oops, we hit a limit.
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (refillCallback != null) {
+        refillCallback.onRefill();
+      }
+
+      int tempPos = pos;
+      if (tempPos > 0) {
+        if (bufferSize > tempPos) {
+          System.arraycopy(buffer, tempPos, buffer, 0, bufferSize - tempPos);
+        }
+        totalBytesRetired += tempPos;
+        bufferSize -= tempPos;
+        pos = 0;
+      }
+
+      // Here we should refill the buffer as many bytes as possible.
+      int bytesRead =
+          input.read(
+              buffer,
+              bufferSize,
+              Math.min(
+                  //  the size of allocated but unused bytes in the buffer
+                  buffer.length - bufferSize,
+                  //  do not exceed the total bytes limit
+                  sizeLimit - totalBytesRetired - bufferSize));
+      if (bytesRead == 0 || bytesRead < -1 || bytesRead > buffer.length) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(
+            input.getClass()
+                + "#read(byte[]) returned invalid result: "
+                + bytesRead
+                + "\nThe InputStream implementation is buggy.");
+      }
+      if (bytesRead > 0) {
+        bufferSize += bytesRead;
+        recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+        return (bufferSize >= n) ? true : tryRefillBuffer(n);
+      }
+
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte readRawByte() throws IOException {
+      if (pos == bufferSize) {
+        refillBuffer(1);
+      }
+      return buffer[pos++];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] readRawBytes(final int size) throws IOException {
+      final int tempPos = pos;
+      if (size <= (bufferSize - tempPos) && size > 0) {
+        pos = tempPos + size;
+        return Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, tempPos, tempPos + size);
+      } else {
+        // TODO(dweis): Do we want to protect from malicious input streams here?
+        return readRawBytesSlowPath(size, /* ensureNoLeakedReferences= */ false);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exactly like readRawBytes, but caller must have already checked the fast path: (size <=
+     * (bufferSize - pos) && size > 0)
+     * 
+     * If ensureNoLeakedReferences is true, the value is guaranteed to have not escaped to
+     * untrusted code.
+     */
+    private byte[] readRawBytesSlowPath(
+        final int size, boolean ensureNoLeakedReferences) throws IOException {
+      // Attempt to read the data in one byte array when it's safe to do.
+      byte[] result = readRawBytesSlowPathOneChunk(size);
+      if (result != null) {
+        return ensureNoLeakedReferences ? result.clone() : result;
+      }
+
+      final int originalBufferPos = pos;
+      final int bufferedBytes = bufferSize - pos;
+
+      // Mark the current buffer consumed.
+      totalBytesRetired += bufferSize;
+      pos = 0;
+      bufferSize = 0;
+
+      // Determine the number of bytes we need to read from the input stream.
+      int sizeLeft = size - bufferedBytes;
+
+      // The size is very large. For security reasons we read them in small
+      // chunks.
+      List<byte[]> chunks = readRawBytesSlowPathRemainingChunks(sizeLeft);
+
+      // OK, got everything.  Now concatenate it all into one buffer.
+      final byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+
+      // Start by copying the leftover bytes from this.buffer.
+      System.arraycopy(buffer, originalBufferPos, bytes, 0, bufferedBytes);
+
+      // And now all the chunks.
+      int tempPos = bufferedBytes;
+      for (final byte[] chunk : chunks) {
+        System.arraycopy(chunk, 0, bytes, tempPos, chunk.length);
+        tempPos += chunk.length;
+      }
+
+      // Done.
+      return bytes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempts to read the data in one byte array when it's safe to do. Returns null if the size to
+     * read is too large and needs to be allocated in smaller chunks for security reasons.
+     * 
+     * Returns a byte[] that may have escaped to user code via InputStream APIs.
+     */
+    private byte[] readRawBytesSlowPathOneChunk(final int size) throws IOException {
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+
+      // Integer-overflow-conscious check that the message size so far has not exceeded sizeLimit.
+      int currentMessageSize = totalBytesRetired + pos + size;
+      if (currentMessageSize - sizeLimit > 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.sizeLimitExceeded();
+      }
+
+      // Verify that the message size so far has not exceeded currentLimit.
+      if (currentMessageSize > currentLimit) {
+        // Read to the end of the stream anyway.
+        skipRawBytes(currentLimit - totalBytesRetired - pos);
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+
+      final int bufferedBytes = bufferSize - pos;
+      // Determine the number of bytes we need to read from the input stream.
+      int sizeLeft = size - bufferedBytes;
+      // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider using a value larger than DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE.
+      if (sizeLeft < DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE || sizeLeft <= input.available()) {
+        // Either the bytes we need are known to be available, or the required buffer is
+        // within an allowed threshold - go ahead and allocate the buffer now.
+        final byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+
+        // Copy all of the buffered bytes to the result buffer.
+        System.arraycopy(buffer, pos, bytes, 0, bufferedBytes);
+        totalBytesRetired += bufferSize;
+        pos = 0;
+        bufferSize = 0;
+
+        // Fill the remaining bytes from the input stream.
+        int tempPos = bufferedBytes;
+        while (tempPos < bytes.length) {
+          int n = input.read(bytes, tempPos, size - tempPos);
+          if (n == -1) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+          }
+          totalBytesRetired += n;
+          tempPos += n;
+        }
+
+        return bytes;
+      }
+
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the remaining data in small chunks from the input stream.
+     * 
+     * Returns a byte[] that may have escaped to user code via InputStream APIs.
+     */
+    private List<byte[]> readRawBytesSlowPathRemainingChunks(int sizeLeft) throws IOException {
+      // The size is very large.  For security reasons, we can't allocate the
+      // entire byte array yet.  The size comes directly from the input, so a
+      // maliciously-crafted message could provide a bogus very large size in
+      // order to trick the app into allocating a lot of memory.  We avoid this
+      // by allocating and reading only a small chunk at a time, so that the
+      // malicious message must actually *be* extremely large to cause
+      // problems.  Meanwhile, we limit the allowed size of a message elsewhere.
+      final List<byte[]> chunks = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
+
+      while (sizeLeft > 0) {
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider using a value larger than DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE.
+        final byte[] chunk = new byte[Math.min(sizeLeft, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE)];
+        int tempPos = 0;
+        while (tempPos < chunk.length) {
+          final int n = input.read(chunk, tempPos, chunk.length - tempPos);
+          if (n == -1) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+          }
+          totalBytesRetired += n;
+          tempPos += n;
+        }
+        sizeLeft -= chunk.length;
+        chunks.add(chunk);
+      }
+
+      return chunks;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like readBytes, but caller must have already checked the fast path: (size <= (bufferSize -
+     * pos) && size > 0 || size == 0)
+     */
+    private ByteString readBytesSlowPath(final int size) throws IOException {
+      final byte[] result = readRawBytesSlowPathOneChunk(size);
+      if (result != null) {
+        // We must copy as the byte array was handed off to the InputStream and a malicious
+        // implementation could retain a reference.
+        return ByteString.copyFrom(result);
+      }
+
+      final int originalBufferPos = pos;
+      final int bufferedBytes = bufferSize - pos;
+
+      // Mark the current buffer consumed.
+      totalBytesRetired += bufferSize;
+      pos = 0;
+      bufferSize = 0;
+
+      // Determine the number of bytes we need to read from the input stream.
+      int sizeLeft = size - bufferedBytes;
+
+      // The size is very large. For security reasons we read them in small
+      // chunks.
+      List<byte[]> chunks = readRawBytesSlowPathRemainingChunks(sizeLeft);
+
+      // OK, got everything.  Now concatenate it all into one buffer.
+      final byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+
+      // Start by copying the leftover bytes from this.buffer.
+      System.arraycopy(buffer, originalBufferPos, bytes, 0, bufferedBytes);
+
+      // And now all the chunks.
+      int tempPos = bufferedBytes;
+      for (final byte[] chunk : chunks) {
+        System.arraycopy(chunk, 0, bytes, tempPos, chunk.length);
+        tempPos += chunk.length;
+      }
+      
+      return ByteString.wrap(bytes);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipRawBytes(final int size) throws IOException {
+      if (size <= (bufferSize - pos) && size >= 0) {
+        // We have all the bytes we need already.
+        pos += size;
+      } else {
+        skipRawBytesSlowPath(size);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exactly like skipRawBytes, but caller must have already checked the fast path: (size <=
+     * (bufferSize - pos) && size >= 0)
+     */
+    private void skipRawBytesSlowPath(final int size) throws IOException {
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+
+      if (totalBytesRetired + pos + size > currentLimit) {
+        // Read to the end of the stream anyway.
+        skipRawBytes(currentLimit - totalBytesRetired - pos);
+        // Then fail.
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+
+      int totalSkipped = 0;
+      if (refillCallback == null) {
+        // Skipping more bytes than are in the buffer.  First skip what we have.
+        totalBytesRetired += pos;
+        totalSkipped = bufferSize - pos;
+        bufferSize = 0;
+        pos = 0;
+
+        try {
+          while (totalSkipped < size) {
+            int toSkip = size - totalSkipped;
+            long skipped = input.skip(toSkip);
+            if (skipped < 0 || skipped > toSkip) {
+              throw new IllegalStateException(
+                  input.getClass()
+                      + "#skip returned invalid result: "
+                      + skipped
+                      + "\nThe InputStream implementation is buggy.");
+            } else if (skipped == 0) {
+              // The API contract of skip() permits an inputstream to skip zero bytes for any reason
+              // it wants. In particular, ByteArrayInputStream will just return zero over and over
+              // when it's at the end of its input. In order to actually confirm that we've hit the
+              // end of input, we need to issue a read call via the other path.
+              break;
+            }
+            totalSkipped += (int) skipped;
+          }
+        } finally {
+          totalBytesRetired += totalSkipped;
+          recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+        }
+      }
+      if (totalSkipped < size) {
+        // Skipping more bytes than are in the buffer.  First skip what we have.
+        int tempPos = bufferSize - pos;
+        pos = bufferSize;
+
+        // Keep refilling the buffer until we get to the point we wanted to skip to.
+        // This has the side effect of ensuring the limits are updated correctly.
+        refillBuffer(1);
+        while (size - tempPos > bufferSize) {
+          tempPos += bufferSize;
+          pos = bufferSize;
+          refillBuffer(1);
+        }
+
+        pos = size - tempPos;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Implementation of {@link CodedInputStream} that uses an {@link Iterable <ByteBuffer>} as the
+   * data source. Requires the use of {@code sun.misc.Unsafe} to perform fast reads on the buffer.
+   */
+  private static final class IterableDirectByteBufferDecoder extends CodedInputStream {
+    /** The object that need to decode. */
+    private Iterable<ByteBuffer> input;
+    /** The {@link Iterator} with type {@link ByteBuffer} of {@code input} */
+    private Iterator<ByteBuffer> iterator;
+    /** The current ByteBuffer; */
+    private ByteBuffer currentByteBuffer;
+    /**
+     * If {@code true}, indicates that all the buffer are backing a {@link ByteString} and are
+     * therefore considered to be an immutable input source.
+     */
+    private boolean immutable;
+    /**
+     * If {@code true}, indicates that calls to read {@link ByteString} or {@code byte[]}
+     * <strong>may</strong> return slices of the underlying buffer, rather than copies.
+     */
+    private boolean enableAliasing;
+    /** The global total message length limit */
+    private int totalBufferSize;
+    /** The amount of available data in the input beyond {@link #currentLimit}. */
+    private int bufferSizeAfterCurrentLimit;
+    /** The absolute position of the end of the current message. */
+    private int currentLimit = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+    /** The last tag that was read from this stream. */
+    private int lastTag;
+    /** Total Bytes have been Read from the {@link Iterable} {@link ByteBuffer} */
+    private int totalBytesRead;
+    /** The start position offset of the whole message, used as to reset the totalBytesRead */
+    private int startOffset;
+    /** The current position for current ByteBuffer */
+    private long currentByteBufferPos;
+
+    private long currentByteBufferStartPos;
+    /**
+     * If the current ByteBuffer is unsafe-direct based, currentAddress is the start address of this
+     * ByteBuffer; otherwise should be zero.
+     */
+    private long currentAddress;
+    /** The limit position for current ByteBuffer */
+    private long currentByteBufferLimit;
+
+    /**
+     * The constructor of {@code Iterable<ByteBuffer>} decoder.
+     *
+     * @param inputBufs The input data.
+     * @param size The total size of the input data.
+     * @param immutableFlag whether the input data is immutable.
+     */
+    private IterableDirectByteBufferDecoder(
+        Iterable<ByteBuffer> inputBufs, int size, boolean immutableFlag) {
+      totalBufferSize = size;
+      input = inputBufs;
+      iterator = input.iterator();
+      immutable = immutableFlag;
+      startOffset = totalBytesRead = 0;
+      if (size == 0) {
+        currentByteBuffer = EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
+        currentByteBufferPos = 0;
+        currentByteBufferStartPos = 0;
+        currentByteBufferLimit = 0;
+        currentAddress = 0;
+      } else {
+        tryGetNextByteBuffer();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** To get the next ByteBuffer from {@code input}, and then update the parameters */
+    private void getNextByteBuffer() throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (!iterator.hasNext()) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      tryGetNextByteBuffer();
+    }
+
+    private void tryGetNextByteBuffer() {
+      currentByteBuffer = iterator.next();
+      totalBytesRead += (int) (currentByteBufferPos - currentByteBufferStartPos);
+      currentByteBufferPos = currentByteBuffer.position();
+      currentByteBufferStartPos = currentByteBufferPos;
+      currentByteBufferLimit = currentByteBuffer.limit();
+      currentAddress = UnsafeUtil.addressOffset(currentByteBuffer);
+      currentByteBufferPos += currentAddress;
+      currentByteBufferStartPos += currentAddress;
+      currentByteBufferLimit += currentAddress;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readTag() throws IOException {
+      if (isAtEnd()) {
+        lastTag = 0;
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      lastTag = readRawVarint32();
+      if (WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(lastTag) == 0) {
+        // If we actually read zero (or any tag number corresponding to field
+        // number zero), that's not a valid tag.
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag();
+      }
+      return lastTag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void checkLastTagWas(final int value) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (lastTag != value) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidEndTag();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getLastTag() {
+      return lastTag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField(final int tag) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          skipRawVarint();
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          skipRawBytes(FIXED64_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          skipRawBytes(readRawVarint32());
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          skipMessage();
+          checkLastTagWas(
+              WireFormat.makeTag(WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          return false;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          skipRawBytes(FIXED32_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField(final int tag, final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          {
+            long value = readInt64();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          {
+            long value = readRawLittleEndian64();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          {
+            ByteString value = readBytes();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeBytesNoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          {
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            skipMessage(output);
+            int endtag =
+                WireFormat.makeTag(
+                    WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+            checkLastTagWas(endtag);
+            output.writeRawVarint32(endtag);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          {
+            return false;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          {
+            int value = readRawLittleEndian32();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipMessage() throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipMessage(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag, output)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Override
+    public double readDouble() throws IOException {
+      return Double.longBitsToDouble(readRawLittleEndian64());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float readFloat() throws IOException {
+      return Float.intBitsToFloat(readRawLittleEndian32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readUInt64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readInt64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readInt32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readFixed64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readFixed32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean readBool() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64() != 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String readString() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= currentByteBufferLimit - currentByteBufferPos) {
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+        UnsafeUtil.copyMemory(currentByteBufferPos, bytes, 0, size);
+        String result = new String(bytes, UTF_8);
+        currentByteBufferPos += size;
+        return result;
+      } else if (size > 0 && size <= remaining()) {
+        // TODO(yilunchong): To use an underlying bytes[] instead of allocating a new bytes[]
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+        readRawBytesTo(bytes, 0, size);
+        String result = new String(bytes, UTF_8);
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return "";
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String readStringRequireUtf8() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= currentByteBufferLimit - currentByteBufferPos) {
+        final int bufferPos = (int) (currentByteBufferPos - currentByteBufferStartPos);
+        String result = Utf8.decodeUtf8(currentByteBuffer, bufferPos, size);
+        currentByteBufferPos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+      if (size >= 0 && size <= remaining()) {
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+        readRawBytesTo(bytes, 0, size);
+        return Utf8.decodeUtf8(bytes, 0, size);
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return "";
+      }
+      if (size <= 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readGroup(
+        final int fieldNumber,
+        final MessageLite.Builder builder,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      --recursionDepth;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends MessageLite> T readGroup(
+        final int fieldNumber,
+        final Parser<T> parser,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      --recursionDepth;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Deprecated
+    @Override
+    public void readUnknownGroup(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite.Builder builder)
+        throws IOException {
+      readGroup(fieldNumber, builder, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readMessage(
+        final MessageLite.Builder builder, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      final int length = readRawVarint32();
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(0);
+      --recursionDepth;
+      popLimit(oldLimit);
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends MessageLite> T readMessage(
+        final Parser<T> parser, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      int length = readRawVarint32();
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(0);
+      --recursionDepth;
+      popLimit(oldLimit);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteString readBytes() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= currentByteBufferLimit - currentByteBufferPos) {
+        if (immutable && enableAliasing) {
+          final int idx = (int) (currentByteBufferPos - currentAddress);
+          final ByteString result = ByteString.wrap(slice(idx, idx + size));
+          currentByteBufferPos += size;
+          return result;
+        } else {
+          byte[] bytes;
+          bytes = new byte[size];
+          UnsafeUtil.copyMemory(currentByteBufferPos, bytes, 0, size);
+          currentByteBufferPos += size;
+          return ByteString.wrap(bytes);
+        }
+      } else if (size > 0 && size <= remaining()) {
+        byte[] temp = new byte[size];
+        readRawBytesTo(temp, 0, size);
+        return ByteString.wrap(temp);
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return ByteString.EMPTY;
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] readByteArray() throws IOException {
+      return readRawBytes(readRawVarint32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteBuffer readByteBuffer() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= currentRemaining()) {
+        if (!immutable && enableAliasing) {
+          currentByteBufferPos += size;
+          return slice(
+              (int) (currentByteBufferPos - currentAddress - size),
+              (int) (currentByteBufferPos - currentAddress));
+        } else {
+          byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+          UnsafeUtil.copyMemory(currentByteBufferPos, bytes, 0, size);
+          currentByteBufferPos += size;
+          return ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
+        }
+      } else if (size > 0 && size <= remaining()) {
+        byte[] temp = new byte[size];
+        readRawBytesTo(temp, 0, size);
+        return ByteBuffer.wrap(temp);
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readUInt32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readEnum() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readSFixed32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readSFixed64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readSInt32() throws IOException {
+      return decodeZigZag32(readRawVarint32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readSInt64() throws IOException {
+      return decodeZigZag64(readRawVarint64());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readRawVarint32() throws IOException {
+      fastpath:
+      {
+        long tempPos = currentByteBufferPos;
+
+        if (currentByteBufferLimit == currentByteBufferPos) {
+          break fastpath;
+        }
+
+        int x;
+        if ((x = UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++)) >= 0) {
+          currentByteBufferPos++;
+          return x;
+        } else if (currentByteBufferLimit - currentByteBufferPos < 10) {
+          break fastpath;
+        } else if ((x ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 7)) < 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7);
+        } else if ((x ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 14)) >= 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14);
+        } else if ((x ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 21)) < 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21);
+        } else {
+          int y = UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++);
+          x ^= y << 28;
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21) ^ (~0 << 28);
+          if (y < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0) {
+            break fastpath; // Will throw malformedVarint()
+          }
+        }
+        currentByteBufferPos = tempPos;
+        return x;
+      }
+      return (int) readRawVarint64SlowPath();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readRawVarint64() throws IOException {
+      fastpath:
+      {
+        long tempPos = currentByteBufferPos;
+
+        if (currentByteBufferLimit == currentByteBufferPos) {
+          break fastpath;
+        }
+
+        long x;
+        int y;
+        if ((y = UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++)) >= 0) {
+          currentByteBufferPos++;
+          return y;
+        } else if (currentByteBufferLimit - currentByteBufferPos < 10) {
+          break fastpath;
+        } else if ((y ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 7)) < 0) {
+          x = y ^ (~0 << 7);
+        } else if ((y ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 14)) >= 0) {
+          x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14));
+        } else if ((y ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 21)) < 0) {
+          x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21));
+        } else if ((x = y ^ ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 28)) >= 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 35)) < 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 42)) >= 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35) ^ (~0L << 42);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 49)) < 0L) {
+          x ^=
+              (~0L << 7)
+                  ^ (~0L << 14)
+                  ^ (~0L << 21)
+                  ^ (~0L << 28)
+                  ^ (~0L << 35)
+                  ^ (~0L << 42)
+                  ^ (~0L << 49);
+        } else {
+          x ^= ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 56);
+          x ^=
+              (~0L << 7)
+                  ^ (~0L << 14)
+                  ^ (~0L << 21)
+                  ^ (~0L << 28)
+                  ^ (~0L << 35)
+                  ^ (~0L << 42)
+                  ^ (~0L << 49)
+                  ^ (~0L << 56);
+          if (x < 0L) {
+            if (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0L) {
+              break fastpath; // Will throw malformedVarint()
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        currentByteBufferPos = tempPos;
+        return x;
+      }
+      return readRawVarint64SlowPath();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    long readRawVarint64SlowPath() throws IOException {
+      long result = 0;
+      for (int shift = 0; shift < 64; shift += 7) {
+        final byte b = readRawByte();
+        result |= (long) (b & 0x7F) << shift;
+        if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
+          return result;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readRawLittleEndian32() throws IOException {
+      if (currentRemaining() >= FIXED32_SIZE) {
+        long tempPos = currentByteBufferPos;
+        currentByteBufferPos += FIXED32_SIZE;
+        return (((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos) & 0xff))
+            | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 1) & 0xff) << 8)
+            | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 2) & 0xff) << 16)
+            | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 3) & 0xff) << 24));
+      }
+      return ((readRawByte() & 0xff)
+          | ((readRawByte() & 0xff) << 8)
+          | ((readRawByte() & 0xff) << 16)
+          | ((readRawByte() & 0xff) << 24));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readRawLittleEndian64() throws IOException {
+      if (currentRemaining() >= FIXED64_SIZE) {
+        long tempPos = currentByteBufferPos;
+        currentByteBufferPos += FIXED64_SIZE;
+        return (((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos) & 0xffL))
+            | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 1) & 0xffL) << 8)
+            | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 2) & 0xffL) << 16)
+            | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 3) & 0xffL) << 24)
+            | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 4) & 0xffL) << 32)
+            | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 5) & 0xffL) << 40)
+            | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 6) & 0xffL) << 48)
+            | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 7) & 0xffL) << 56));
+      }
+      return ((readRawByte() & 0xffL)
+          | ((readRawByte() & 0xffL) << 8)
+          | ((readRawByte() & 0xffL) << 16)
+          | ((readRawByte() & 0xffL) << 24)
+          | ((readRawByte() & 0xffL) << 32)
+          | ((readRawByte() & 0xffL) << 40)
+          | ((readRawByte() & 0xffL) << 48)
+          | ((readRawByte() & 0xffL) << 56));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enableAliasing(boolean enabled) {
+      this.enableAliasing = enabled;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void resetSizeCounter() {
+      startOffset = (int) (totalBytesRead + currentByteBufferPos - currentByteBufferStartPos);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int pushLimit(int byteLimit) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (byteLimit < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      byteLimit += getTotalBytesRead();
+      final int oldLimit = currentLimit;
+      if (byteLimit > oldLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      currentLimit = byteLimit;
+
+      recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+
+      return oldLimit;
+    }
+
+    private void recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit() {
+      totalBufferSize += bufferSizeAfterCurrentLimit;
+      final int bufferEnd = totalBufferSize - startOffset;
+      if (bufferEnd > currentLimit) {
+        // Limit is in current buffer.
+        bufferSizeAfterCurrentLimit = bufferEnd - currentLimit;
+        totalBufferSize -= bufferSizeAfterCurrentLimit;
+      } else {
+        bufferSizeAfterCurrentLimit = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void popLimit(final int oldLimit) {
+      currentLimit = oldLimit;
+      recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getBytesUntilLimit() {
+      if (currentLimit == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+
+      return currentLimit - getTotalBytesRead();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isAtEnd() throws IOException {
+      return totalBytesRead + currentByteBufferPos - currentByteBufferStartPos == totalBufferSize;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesRead() {
+      return (int)
+          (totalBytesRead - startOffset + currentByteBufferPos - currentByteBufferStartPos);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte readRawByte() throws IOException {
+      if (currentRemaining() == 0) {
+        getNextByteBuffer();
+      }
+      return UnsafeUtil.getByte(currentByteBufferPos++);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] readRawBytes(final int length) throws IOException {
+      if (length >= 0 && length <= currentRemaining()) {
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
+        UnsafeUtil.copyMemory(currentByteBufferPos, bytes, 0, length);
+        currentByteBufferPos += length;
+        return bytes;
+      }
+      if (length >= 0 && length <= remaining()) {
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
+        readRawBytesTo(bytes, 0, length);
+        return bytes;
+      }
+
+      if (length <= 0) {
+        if (length == 0) {
+          return EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+        } else {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+        }
+      }
+
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Try to get raw bytes from {@code input} with the size of {@code length} and copy to {@code
+     * bytes} array. If the size is bigger than the number of remaining bytes in the input, then
+     * throw {@code truncatedMessage} exception.
+     *
+     * @param bytes
+     * @param offset
+     * @param length
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    private void readRawBytesTo(byte[] bytes, int offset, final int length) throws IOException {
+      if (length >= 0 && length <= remaining()) {
+        int l = length;
+        while (l > 0) {
+          if (currentRemaining() == 0) {
+            getNextByteBuffer();
+          }
+          int bytesToCopy = Math.min(l, (int) currentRemaining());
+          UnsafeUtil.copyMemory(currentByteBufferPos, bytes, length - l + offset, bytesToCopy);
+          l -= bytesToCopy;
+          currentByteBufferPos += bytesToCopy;
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (length <= 0) {
+        if (length == 0) {
+          return;
+        } else {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipRawBytes(final int length) throws IOException {
+      if (length >= 0
+          && length
+              <= (totalBufferSize
+                  - totalBytesRead
+                  - currentByteBufferPos
+                  + currentByteBufferStartPos)) {
+        // We have all the bytes we need already.
+        int l = length;
+        while (l > 0) {
+          if (currentRemaining() == 0) {
+            getNextByteBuffer();
+          }
+          int rl = Math.min(l, (int) currentRemaining());
+          l -= rl;
+          currentByteBufferPos += rl;
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (length < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    // TODO: optimize to fastpath
+    private void skipRawVarint() throws IOException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VARINT_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (readRawByte() >= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Try to get the number of remaining bytes in {@code input}.
+     *
+     * @return the number of remaining bytes in {@code input}.
+     */
+    private int remaining() {
+      return (int)
+          (totalBufferSize - totalBytesRead - currentByteBufferPos + currentByteBufferStartPos);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Try to get the number of remaining bytes in {@code currentByteBuffer}.
+     *
+     * @return the number of remaining bytes in {@code currentByteBuffer}
+     */
+    private long currentRemaining() {
+      return (currentByteBufferLimit - currentByteBufferPos);
+    }
+
+    private ByteBuffer slice(int begin, int end) throws IOException {
+      int prevPos = currentByteBuffer.position();
+      int prevLimit = currentByteBuffer.limit();
+      try {
+        currentByteBuffer.position(begin);
+        currentByteBuffer.limit(end);
+        return currentByteBuffer.slice();
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      } finally {
+        currentByteBuffer.position(prevPos);
+        currentByteBuffer.limit(prevLimit);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamReader.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamReader.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7658f629d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamReader.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1333 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FIXED32_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FIXED64_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/** An adapter between the {@link Reader} interface and {@link CodedInputStream}. */
+@ExperimentalApi
+final class CodedInputStreamReader implements Reader {
+  private static final int FIXED32_MULTIPLE_MASK = FIXED32_SIZE - 1;
+  private static final int FIXED64_MULTIPLE_MASK = FIXED64_SIZE - 1;
+  private static final int NEXT_TAG_UNSET = 0;
+
+  private final CodedInputStream input;
+  private int tag;
+  private int endGroupTag;
+  private int nextTag = NEXT_TAG_UNSET;
+
+  public static CodedInputStreamReader forCodedInput(CodedInputStream input) {
+    if (input.wrapper != null) {
+      return input.wrapper;
+    }
+    return new CodedInputStreamReader(input);
+  }
+
+  private CodedInputStreamReader(CodedInputStream input) {
+    this.input = Internal.checkNotNull(input, "input");
+    this.input.wrapper = this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean shouldDiscardUnknownFields() {
+    return input.shouldDiscardUnknownFields();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getFieldNumber() throws IOException {
+    if (nextTag != NEXT_TAG_UNSET) {
+      tag = nextTag;
+      nextTag = NEXT_TAG_UNSET;
+    } else {
+      tag = input.readTag();
+    }
+    if (tag == 0 || tag == endGroupTag) {
+      return Reader.READ_DONE;
+    }
+    return WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getTag() {
+    return tag;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean skipField() throws IOException {
+    if (input.isAtEnd() || tag == endGroupTag) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return input.skipField(tag);
+  }
+
+  private void requireWireType(int requiredWireType) throws IOException {
+    if (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag) != requiredWireType) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double readDouble() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+    return input.readDouble();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public float readFloat() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+    return input.readFloat();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public long readUInt64() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    return input.readUInt64();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public long readInt64() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    return input.readInt64();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int readInt32() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    return input.readInt32();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public long readFixed64() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+    return input.readFixed64();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int readFixed32() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+    return input.readFixed32();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean readBool() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    return input.readBool();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String readString() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    return input.readString();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String readStringRequireUtf8() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    return input.readStringRequireUtf8();
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  @Override
+  public <T> T readMessage(Class<T> clazz, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    return readMessage(Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(clazz), extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  @Override
+  public <T> T readMessageBySchemaWithCheck(
+      Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    return readMessage(schema, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  @Override
+  public <T> T readGroup(Class<T> clazz, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    return readGroup(Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(clazz), extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  @Override
+  public <T> T readGroupBySchemaWithCheck(Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    return readGroup(schema, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  // Should have the same semantics of CodedInputStream#readMessage()
+  private <T> T readMessage(Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    int size = input.readUInt32();
+    if (input.recursionDepth >= input.recursionLimit) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+    }
+
+    // Push the new limit.
+    final int prevLimit = input.pushLimit(size);
+    // Allocate and read the message.
+    T message = schema.newInstance();
+    ++input.recursionDepth;
+    schema.mergeFrom(message, this, extensionRegistry);
+    schema.makeImmutable(message);
+    input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+    --input.recursionDepth;
+    // Restore the previous limit.
+    input.popLimit(prevLimit);
+    return message;
+  }
+
+  private <T> T readGroup(Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    int prevEndGroupTag = endGroupTag;
+    endGroupTag = WireFormat.makeTag(WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+
+    try {
+      // Allocate and read the message.
+      T message = schema.newInstance();
+      schema.mergeFrom(message, this, extensionRegistry);
+      schema.makeImmutable(message);
+
+      if (tag != endGroupTag) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+      }
+      return message;
+    } finally {
+      // Restore the old end group tag.
+      endGroupTag = prevEndGroupTag;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ByteString readBytes() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    return input.readBytes();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int readUInt32() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    return input.readUInt32();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int readEnum() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    return input.readEnum();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int readSFixed32() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+    return input.readSFixed32();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public long readSFixed64() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+    return input.readSFixed64();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int readSInt32() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    return input.readSInt32();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public long readSInt64() throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+    return input.readSInt64();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readDoubleList(List<Double> target) throws IOException {
+    if (target instanceof DoubleArrayList) {
+      DoubleArrayList plist = (DoubleArrayList) target;
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          verifyPackedFixed64Length(bytes);
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            plist.addDouble(input.readDouble());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          while (true) {
+            plist.addDouble(input.readDouble());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          verifyPackedFixed64Length(bytes);
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            target.add(input.readDouble());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          while (true) {
+            target.add(input.readDouble());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readFloatList(List<Float> target) throws IOException {
+    if (target instanceof FloatArrayList) {
+      FloatArrayList plist = (FloatArrayList) target;
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          verifyPackedFixed32Length(bytes);
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            plist.addFloat(input.readFloat());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          while (true) {
+            plist.addFloat(input.readFloat());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          verifyPackedFixed32Length(bytes);
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            target.add(input.readFloat());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          while (true) {
+            target.add(input.readFloat());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readUInt64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException {
+    if (target instanceof LongArrayList) {
+      LongArrayList plist = (LongArrayList) target;
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            plist.addLong(input.readUInt64());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            plist.addLong(input.readUInt64());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            target.add(input.readUInt64());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            target.add(input.readUInt64());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readInt64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException {
+    if (target instanceof LongArrayList) {
+      LongArrayList plist = (LongArrayList) target;
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            plist.addLong(input.readInt64());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            plist.addLong(input.readInt64());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            target.add(input.readInt64());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            target.add(input.readInt64());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readInt32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException {
+    if (target instanceof IntArrayList) {
+      IntArrayList plist = (IntArrayList) target;
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            plist.addInt(input.readInt32());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            plist.addInt(input.readInt32());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            target.add(input.readInt32());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            target.add(input.readInt32());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readFixed64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException {
+    if (target instanceof LongArrayList) {
+      LongArrayList plist = (LongArrayList) target;
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          verifyPackedFixed64Length(bytes);
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            plist.addLong(input.readFixed64());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          while (true) {
+            plist.addLong(input.readFixed64());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          verifyPackedFixed64Length(bytes);
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            target.add(input.readFixed64());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          while (true) {
+            target.add(input.readFixed64());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readFixed32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException {
+    if (target instanceof IntArrayList) {
+      IntArrayList plist = (IntArrayList) target;
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          verifyPackedFixed32Length(bytes);
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            plist.addInt(input.readFixed32());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          while (true) {
+            plist.addInt(input.readFixed32());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          verifyPackedFixed32Length(bytes);
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            target.add(input.readFixed32());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          while (true) {
+            target.add(input.readFixed32());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readBoolList(List<Boolean> target) throws IOException {
+    if (target instanceof BooleanArrayList) {
+      BooleanArrayList plist = (BooleanArrayList) target;
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            plist.addBoolean(input.readBool());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            plist.addBoolean(input.readBool());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            target.add(input.readBool());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            target.add(input.readBool());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readStringList(List<String> target) throws IOException {
+    readStringListInternal(target, false);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readStringListRequireUtf8(List<String> target) throws IOException {
+    readStringListInternal(target, true);
+  }
+
+  public void readStringListInternal(List<String> target, boolean requireUtf8) throws IOException {
+    if (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag) != WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+    }
+
+    if (target instanceof LazyStringList && !requireUtf8) {
+      LazyStringList lazyList = (LazyStringList) target;
+      while (true) {
+        lazyList.add(readBytes());
+        if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+          return;
+        }
+        int nextTag = input.readTag();
+        if (nextTag != tag) {
+          // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+          this.nextTag = nextTag;
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      while (true) {
+        target.add(requireUtf8 ? readStringRequireUtf8() : readString());
+        if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+          return;
+        }
+        int nextTag = input.readTag();
+        if (nextTag != tag) {
+          // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+          this.nextTag = nextTag;
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public <T> void readMessageList(
+      List<T> target, Class<T> targetType, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    final Schema<T> schema = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(targetType);
+    readMessageList(target, schema, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public <T> void readMessageList(
+      List<T> target, Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag) != WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+    }
+    final int listTag = tag;
+    while (true) {
+      target.add(readMessage(schema, extensionRegistry));
+      if (input.isAtEnd() || nextTag != NEXT_TAG_UNSET) {
+        return;
+      }
+      int nextTag = input.readTag();
+      if (nextTag != listTag) {
+        // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+        this.nextTag = nextTag;
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public <T> void readGroupList(
+      List<T> target, Class<T> targetType, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    final Schema<T> schema = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(targetType);
+    readGroupList(target, schema, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public <T> void readGroupList(
+      List<T> target, Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag) != WIRETYPE_START_GROUP) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+    }
+    final int listTag = tag;
+    while (true) {
+      target.add(readGroup(schema, extensionRegistry));
+      if (input.isAtEnd() || nextTag != NEXT_TAG_UNSET) {
+        return;
+      }
+      int nextTag = input.readTag();
+      if (nextTag != listTag) {
+        // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+        this.nextTag = nextTag;
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readBytesList(List<ByteString> target) throws IOException {
+    if (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag) != WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+    }
+
+    while (true) {
+      target.add(readBytes());
+      if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+        return;
+      }
+      int nextTag = input.readTag();
+      if (nextTag != tag) {
+        // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+        this.nextTag = nextTag;
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readUInt32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException {
+    if (target instanceof IntArrayList) {
+      IntArrayList plist = (IntArrayList) target;
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            plist.addInt(input.readUInt32());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            plist.addInt(input.readUInt32());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            target.add(input.readUInt32());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            target.add(input.readUInt32());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readEnumList(List<Integer> target) throws IOException {
+    if (target instanceof IntArrayList) {
+      IntArrayList plist = (IntArrayList) target;
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            plist.addInt(input.readEnum());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            plist.addInt(input.readEnum());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            target.add(input.readEnum());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            target.add(input.readEnum());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readSFixed32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException {
+    if (target instanceof IntArrayList) {
+      IntArrayList plist = (IntArrayList) target;
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          verifyPackedFixed32Length(bytes);
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            plist.addInt(input.readSFixed32());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          while (true) {
+            plist.addInt(input.readSFixed32());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          verifyPackedFixed32Length(bytes);
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            target.add(input.readSFixed32());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          while (true) {
+            target.add(input.readSFixed32());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readSFixed64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException {
+    if (target instanceof LongArrayList) {
+      LongArrayList plist = (LongArrayList) target;
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          verifyPackedFixed64Length(bytes);
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            plist.addLong(input.readSFixed64());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          while (true) {
+            plist.addLong(input.readSFixed64());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          verifyPackedFixed64Length(bytes);
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            target.add(input.readSFixed64());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          while (true) {
+            target.add(input.readSFixed64());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readSInt32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException {
+    if (target instanceof IntArrayList) {
+      IntArrayList plist = (IntArrayList) target;
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            plist.addInt(input.readSInt32());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            plist.addInt(input.readSInt32());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            target.add(input.readSInt32());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            target.add(input.readSInt32());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void readSInt64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException {
+    if (target instanceof LongArrayList) {
+      LongArrayList plist = (LongArrayList) target;
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            plist.addLong(input.readSInt64());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            plist.addLong(input.readSInt64());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          final int bytes = input.readUInt32();
+          int endPos = input.getTotalBytesRead() + bytes;
+          do {
+            target.add(input.readSInt64());
+          } while (input.getTotalBytesRead() < endPos);
+          requirePosition(endPos);
+          break;
+        case WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          while (true) {
+            target.add(input.readSInt64());
+            if (input.isAtEnd()) {
+              return;
+            }
+            int nextTag = input.readTag();
+            if (nextTag != tag) {
+              // We've reached the end of the repeated field. Save the next tag value.
+              this.nextTag = nextTag;
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void verifyPackedFixed64Length(int bytes) throws IOException {
+    if ((bytes & FIXED64_MULTIPLE_MASK) != 0) {
+      // Require that the number of bytes be a multiple of 8.
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  @Override
+  public <K, V> void readMap(
+      Map<K, V> target,
+      MapEntryLite.Metadata<K, V> metadata,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    requireWireType(WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    int size = input.readUInt32();
+    final int prevLimit = input.pushLimit(size);
+    K key = metadata.defaultKey;
+    V value = metadata.defaultValue;
+    try {
+      while (true) {
+        int number = getFieldNumber();
+        if (number == READ_DONE || input.isAtEnd()) {
+          break;
+        }
+        try {
+          switch (number) {
+            case 1:
+              key = (K) readField(metadata.keyType, null, null);
+              break;
+            case 2:
+              value =
+                  (V)
+                      readField(
+                          metadata.valueType, metadata.defaultValue.getClass(), extensionRegistry);
+              break;
+            default:
+              if (!skipField()) {
+                throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Unable to parse map entry.");
+              }
+              break;
+          }
+        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWireTypeException ignore) {
+          // the type doesn't match, skip the field.
+          if (!skipField()) {
+            throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Unable to parse map entry.");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      target.put(key, value);
+    } finally {
+      // Restore the previous limit.
+      input.popLimit(prevLimit);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Object readField(
+      WireFormat.FieldType fieldType, Class<?> messageType, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    switch (fieldType) {
+      case BOOL:
+        return readBool();
+      case BYTES:
+        return readBytes();
+      case DOUBLE:
+        return readDouble();
+      case ENUM:
+        return readEnum();
+      case FIXED32:
+        return readFixed32();
+      case FIXED64:
+        return readFixed64();
+      case FLOAT:
+        return readFloat();
+      case INT32:
+        return readInt32();
+      case INT64:
+        return readInt64();
+      case MESSAGE:
+        return readMessage(messageType, extensionRegistry);
+      case SFIXED32:
+        return readSFixed32();
+      case SFIXED64:
+        return readSFixed64();
+      case SINT32:
+        return readSInt32();
+      case SINT64:
+        return readSInt64();
+      case STRING:
+        return readStringRequireUtf8();
+      case UINT32:
+        return readUInt32();
+      case UINT64:
+        return readUInt64();
+      default:
+        throw new RuntimeException("unsupported field type.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void verifyPackedFixed32Length(int bytes) throws IOException {
+    if ((bytes & FIXED32_MULTIPLE_MASK) != 0) {
+      // Require that the number of bytes be a multiple of 4.
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void requirePosition(int expectedPosition) throws IOException {
+    if (input.getTotalBytesRead() != expectedPosition) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStream.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStream.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9192d33e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStream.java
@@ -0,0 +1,3066 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FIXED32_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FIXED64_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.MAX_VARINT32_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.MAX_VARINT_SIZE;
+import static java.lang.Math.max;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Utf8.UnpairedSurrogateException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.BufferOverflowException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * Encodes and writes protocol message fields.
+ *
+ * <p>This class contains two kinds of methods: methods that write specific protocol message
+ * constructs and field types (e.g. {@link #writeTag} and {@link #writeInt32}) and methods that
+ * write low-level values (e.g. {@link #writeRawVarint32} and {@link #writeRawBytes}). If you are
+ * writing encoded protocol messages, you should use the former methods, but if you are writing some
+ * other format of your own design, use the latter.
+ *
+ * <p>This class is totally unsynchronized.
+ */
+public abstract class CodedOutputStream extends ByteOutput {
+  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(CodedOutputStream.class.getName());
+  private static final boolean HAS_UNSAFE_ARRAY_OPERATIONS = UnsafeUtil.hasUnsafeArrayOperations();
+
+  /** Used to adapt to the experimental {@link Writer} interface. */
+  CodedOutputStreamWriter wrapper;
+
+  /** @deprecated Use {@link #computeFixed32SizeNoTag(int)} instead. */
+  @Deprecated public static final int LITTLE_ENDIAN_32_SIZE = FIXED32_SIZE;
+
+  /** The buffer size used in {@link #newInstance(OutputStream)}. */
+  public static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the buffer size to efficiently write dataLength bytes to this CodedOutputStream. Used
+   * by AbstractMessageLite.
+   *
+   * @return the buffer size to efficiently write dataLength bytes to this CodedOutputStream.
+   */
+  static int computePreferredBufferSize(int dataLength) {
+    if (dataLength > DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+      return DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE;
+    }
+    return dataLength;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new {@code CodedOutputStream} wrapping the given {@code OutputStream}.
+   *
+   * <p>NOTE: The provided {@link OutputStream} <strong>MUST NOT</strong> retain access or modify
+   * the provided byte arrays. Doing so may result in corrupted data, which would be difficult to
+   * debug.
+   */
+  public static CodedOutputStream newInstance(final OutputStream output) {
+    return newInstance(output, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new {@code CodedOutputStream} wrapping the given {@code OutputStream} with a given
+   * buffer size.
+   *
+   * <p>NOTE: The provided {@link OutputStream} <strong>MUST NOT</strong> retain access or modify
+   * the provided byte arrays. Doing so may result in corrupted data, which would be difficult to
+   * debug.
+   */
+  public static CodedOutputStream newInstance(final OutputStream output, final int bufferSize) {
+    return new OutputStreamEncoder(output, bufferSize);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new {@code CodedOutputStream} that writes directly to the given byte array. If more
+   * bytes are written than fit in the array, {@link OutOfSpaceException} will be thrown. Writing
+   * directly to a flat array is faster than writing to an {@code OutputStream}. See also {@link
+   * ByteString#newCodedBuilder}.
+   */
+  public static CodedOutputStream newInstance(final byte[] flatArray) {
+    return newInstance(flatArray, 0, flatArray.length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new {@code CodedOutputStream} that writes directly to the given byte array slice. If
+   * more bytes are written than fit in the slice, {@link OutOfSpaceException} will be thrown.
+   * Writing directly to a flat array is faster than writing to an {@code OutputStream}. See also
+   * {@link ByteString#newCodedBuilder}.
+   */
+  public static CodedOutputStream newInstance(
+      final byte[] flatArray, final int offset, final int length) {
+    return new ArrayEncoder(flatArray, offset, length);
+  }
+
+  /** Create a new {@code CodedOutputStream} that writes to the given {@link ByteBuffer}. */
+  public static CodedOutputStream newInstance(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    if (buffer.hasArray()) {
+      return new HeapNioEncoder(buffer);
+    }
+    if (buffer.isDirect() && !buffer.isReadOnly()) {
+      return UnsafeDirectNioEncoder.isSupported()
+          ? newUnsafeInstance(buffer)
+          : newSafeInstance(buffer);
+    }
+    throw new IllegalArgumentException("ByteBuffer is read-only");
+  }
+
+  /** For testing purposes only. */
+  static CodedOutputStream newUnsafeInstance(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    return new UnsafeDirectNioEncoder(buffer);
+  }
+
+  /** For testing purposes only. */
+  static CodedOutputStream newSafeInstance(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    return new SafeDirectNioEncoder(buffer);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Configures serialization to be deterministic.
+   *
+   * <p>The deterministic serialization guarantees that for a given binary, equal (defined by the
+   * {@code equals()} methods in protos) messages will always be serialized to the same bytes. This
+   * implies:
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>repeated serialization of a message will return the same bytes
+   *   <li>different processes of the same binary (which may be executing on different machines)
+   *       will serialize equal messages to the same bytes.
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * <p>Note the deterministic serialization is NOT canonical across languages; it is also unstable
+   * across different builds with schema changes due to unknown fields. Users who need canonical
+   * serialization, e.g. persistent storage in a canonical form, fingerprinting, etc, should define
+   * their own canonicalization specification and implement the serializer using reflection APIs
+   * rather than relying on this API.
+   *
+   * <p>Once set, the serializer will: (Note this is an implementation detail and may subject to
+   * change in the future)
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>sort map entries by keys in lexicographical order or numerical order. Note: For string
+   *       keys, the order is based on comparing the Unicode value of each character in the strings.
+   *       The order may be different from the deterministic serialization in other languages where
+   *       maps are sorted on the lexicographical order of the UTF8 encoded keys.
+   * </ul>
+   */
+  public void useDeterministicSerialization() {
+    serializationDeterministic = true;
+  }
+
+  boolean isSerializationDeterministic() {
+    return serializationDeterministic;
+  }
+
+  private boolean serializationDeterministic;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new {@code CodedOutputStream} that writes to the given {@link ByteBuffer}.
+   *
+   * @deprecated the size parameter is no longer used since use of an internal buffer is useless
+   *     (and wasteful) when writing to a {@link ByteBuffer}. Use {@link #newInstance(ByteBuffer)}
+   *     instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static CodedOutputStream newInstance(
+      ByteBuffer byteBuffer, @SuppressWarnings("unused") int unused) {
+    return newInstance(byteBuffer);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new {@code CodedOutputStream} that writes to the provided {@link ByteOutput}.
+   *
+   * <p>NOTE: The {@link ByteOutput} <strong>MUST NOT</strong> modify the provided buffers. Doing so
+   * may result in corrupted data, which would be difficult to debug.
+   *
+   * @param byteOutput the output target for encoded bytes.
+   * @param bufferSize the size of the internal scratch buffer to be used for string encoding.
+   *     Setting this to {@code 0} will disable buffering, requiring an allocation for each encoded
+   *     string.
+   */
+  static CodedOutputStream newInstance(ByteOutput byteOutput, int bufferSize) {
+    if (bufferSize < 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("bufferSize must be positive");
+    }
+
+    return new ByteOutputEncoder(byteOutput, bufferSize);
+  }
+
+  // Disallow construction outside of this class.
+  private CodedOutputStream() {}
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /** Encode and write a tag. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeTag(int fieldNumber, int wireType) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write an {@code int32} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write a {@code uint32} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeUInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write a {@code sint32} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  public final void writeSInt32(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+    writeUInt32(fieldNumber, encodeZigZag32(value));
+  }
+
+  /** Write a {@code fixed32} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeFixed32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write an {@code sfixed32} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  public final void writeSFixed32(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+    writeFixed32(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  /** Write an {@code int64} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  public final void writeInt64(final int fieldNumber, final long value) throws IOException {
+    writeUInt64(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  /** Write a {@code uint64} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeUInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write an {@code sint64} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  public final void writeSInt64(final int fieldNumber, final long value) throws IOException {
+    writeUInt64(fieldNumber, encodeZigZag64(value));
+  }
+
+  /** Write a {@code fixed64} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeFixed64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write an {@code sfixed64} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  public final void writeSFixed64(final int fieldNumber, final long value) throws IOException {
+    writeFixed64(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  /** Write a {@code float} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  public final void writeFloat(final int fieldNumber, final float value) throws IOException {
+    writeFixed32(fieldNumber, Float.floatToRawIntBits(value));
+  }
+
+  /** Write a {@code double} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  public final void writeDouble(final int fieldNumber, final double value) throws IOException {
+    writeFixed64(fieldNumber, Double.doubleToRawLongBits(value));
+  }
+
+  /** Write a {@code bool} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeBool(int fieldNumber, boolean value) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Write an enum field, including tag, to the stream. The provided value is the numeric value used
+   * to represent the enum value on the wire (not the enum ordinal value).
+   */
+  public final void writeEnum(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+    writeInt32(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  /** Write a {@code string} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeString(int fieldNumber, String value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write a {@code bytes} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeBytes(int fieldNumber, ByteString value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write a {@code bytes} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeByteArray(int fieldNumber, byte[] value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write a {@code bytes} field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeByteArray(int fieldNumber, byte[] value, int offset, int length)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Write a {@code bytes} field, including tag, to the stream. This method will write all content
+   * of the ByteBuffer regardless of the current position and limit (i.e., the number of bytes to be
+   * written is value.capacity(), not value.remaining()). Furthermore, this method doesn't alter the
+   * state of the passed-in ByteBuffer. Its position, limit, mark, etc. will remain unchanged. If
+   * you only want to write the remaining bytes of a ByteBuffer, you can call {@code
+   * writeByteBuffer(fieldNumber, byteBuffer.slice())}.
+   */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeByteBuffer(int fieldNumber, ByteBuffer value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write a single byte. */
+  public final void writeRawByte(final byte value) throws IOException {
+    write(value);
+  }
+
+  /** Write a single byte, represented by an integer value. */
+  public final void writeRawByte(final int value) throws IOException {
+    write((byte) value);
+  }
+
+  /** Write an array of bytes. */
+  public final void writeRawBytes(final byte[] value) throws IOException {
+    write(value, 0, value.length);
+  }
+
+  /** Write part of an array of bytes. */
+  public final void writeRawBytes(final byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+    write(value, offset, length);
+  }
+
+  /** Write a byte string. */
+  public final void writeRawBytes(final ByteString value) throws IOException {
+    value.writeTo(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write a ByteBuffer. This method will write all content of the ByteBuffer regardless of the
+   * current position and limit (i.e., the number of bytes to be written is value.capacity(), not
+   * value.remaining()). Furthermore, this method doesn't alter the state of the passed-in
+   * ByteBuffer. Its position, limit, mark, etc. will remain unchanged. If you only want to write
+   * the remaining bytes of a ByteBuffer, you can call {@code writeRawBytes(byteBuffer.slice())}.
+   */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeRawBytes(final ByteBuffer value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write an embedded message field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeMessage(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write an embedded message field, including tag, to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  abstract void writeMessage(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value, Schema schema)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Write a MessageSet extension field to the stream. For historical reasons, the wire format
+   * differs from normal fields.
+   */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeMessageSetExtension(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Write an unparsed MessageSet extension field to the stream. For historical reasons, the wire
+   * format differs from normal fields.
+   */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeRawMessageSetExtension(final int fieldNumber, final ByteString value)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /** Write an {@code int32} field to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeInt32NoTag(final int value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write a {@code uint32} field to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeUInt32NoTag(int value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write a {@code sint32} field to the stream. */
+  public final void writeSInt32NoTag(final int value) throws IOException {
+    writeUInt32NoTag(encodeZigZag32(value));
+  }
+
+  /** Write a {@code fixed32} field to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeFixed32NoTag(int value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write a {@code sfixed32} field to the stream. */
+  public final void writeSFixed32NoTag(final int value) throws IOException {
+    writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /** Write an {@code int64} field to the stream. */
+  public final void writeInt64NoTag(final long value) throws IOException {
+    writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /** Write a {@code uint64} field to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeUInt64NoTag(long value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write a {@code sint64} field to the stream. */
+  public final void writeSInt64NoTag(final long value) throws IOException {
+    writeUInt64NoTag(encodeZigZag64(value));
+  }
+
+  /** Write a {@code fixed64} field to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeFixed64NoTag(long value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write a {@code sfixed64} field to the stream. */
+  public final void writeSFixed64NoTag(final long value) throws IOException {
+    writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /** Write a {@code float} field to the stream. */
+  public final void writeFloatNoTag(final float value) throws IOException {
+    writeFixed32NoTag(Float.floatToRawIntBits(value));
+  }
+
+  /** Write a {@code double} field to the stream. */
+  public final void writeDoubleNoTag(final double value) throws IOException {
+    writeFixed64NoTag(Double.doubleToRawLongBits(value));
+  }
+
+  /** Write a {@code bool} field to the stream. */
+  public final void writeBoolNoTag(final boolean value) throws IOException {
+    write((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write an enum field to the stream. The provided value is the numeric value used to represent
+   * the enum value on the wire (not the enum ordinal value).
+   */
+  public final void writeEnumNoTag(final int value) throws IOException {
+    writeInt32NoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /** Write a {@code string} field to the stream. */
+  // TODO(dweis): Document behavior on ill-formed UTF-16 input.
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeStringNoTag(String value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write a {@code bytes} field to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeBytesNoTag(final ByteString value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write a {@code bytes} field to the stream. */
+  public final void writeByteArrayNoTag(final byte[] value) throws IOException {
+    writeByteArrayNoTag(value, 0, value.length);
+  }
+
+  /** Write an embedded message field to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  public abstract void writeMessageNoTag(final MessageLite value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Write an embedded message field to the stream. */
+  // Abstract to avoid overhead of additional virtual method calls.
+  abstract void writeMessageNoTag(final MessageLite value, Schema schema) throws IOException;
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  @ExperimentalApi
+  @Override
+  public abstract void write(byte value) throws IOException;
+
+  @ExperimentalApi
+  @Override
+  public abstract void write(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException;
+
+  @ExperimentalApi
+  @Override
+  public abstract void writeLazy(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException;
+
+  @Override
+  public abstract void write(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException;
+
+  @ExperimentalApi
+  @Override
+  public abstract void writeLazy(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException;
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an {@code int32} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeInt32Size(final int fieldNumber, final int value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeInt32SizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code uint32} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeUInt32Size(final int fieldNumber, final int value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeUInt32SizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an {@code sint32} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeSInt32Size(final int fieldNumber, final int value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeSInt32SizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code fixed32} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeFixed32Size(final int fieldNumber, final int value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeFixed32SizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an {@code sfixed32} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeSFixed32Size(final int fieldNumber, final int value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeSFixed32SizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an {@code int64} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeInt64Size(final int fieldNumber, final long value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeInt64SizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code uint64} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeUInt64Size(final int fieldNumber, final long value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeUInt64SizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an {@code sint64} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeSInt64Size(final int fieldNumber, final long value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeSInt64SizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code fixed64} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeFixed64Size(final int fieldNumber, final long value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeFixed64SizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an {@code sfixed64} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeSFixed64Size(final int fieldNumber, final long value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeSFixed64SizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code float} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeFloatSize(final int fieldNumber, final float value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeFloatSizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code double} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeDoubleSize(final int fieldNumber, final double value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeDoubleSizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code bool} field, including tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeBoolSize(final int fieldNumber, final boolean value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeBoolSizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an enum field, including tag. The
+   * provided value is the numeric value used to represent the enum value on the wire (not the enum
+   * ordinal value).
+   */
+  public static int computeEnumSize(final int fieldNumber, final int value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeEnumSizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code string} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeStringSize(final int fieldNumber, final String value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeStringSizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code bytes} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeBytesSize(final int fieldNumber, final ByteString value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeBytesSizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code bytes} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeByteArraySize(final int fieldNumber, final byte[] value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeByteArraySizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code bytes} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeByteBufferSize(final int fieldNumber, final ByteBuffer value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeByteBufferSizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an embedded message in lazy field,
+   * including tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeLazyFieldSize(final int fieldNumber, final LazyFieldLite value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeLazyFieldSizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an embedded message field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeMessageSize(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeMessageSizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an embedded message field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  static int computeMessageSize(
+      final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value, final Schema schema) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) + computeMessageSizeNoTag(value, schema);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a MessageSet extension to the
+   * stream. For historical reasons, the wire format differs from normal fields.
+   */
+  public static int computeMessageSetExtensionSize(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value) {
+    return computeTagSize(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM) * 2
+        + computeUInt32Size(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber)
+        + computeMessageSize(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an unparsed MessageSet extension
+   * field to the stream. For historical reasons, the wire format differs from normal fields.
+   */
+  public static int computeRawMessageSetExtensionSize(
+      final int fieldNumber, final ByteString value) {
+    return computeTagSize(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM) * 2
+        + computeUInt32Size(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber)
+        + computeBytesSize(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an lazily parsed MessageSet
+   * extension field to the stream. For historical reasons, the wire format differs from normal
+   * fields.
+   */
+  public static int computeLazyFieldMessageSetExtensionSize(
+      final int fieldNumber, final LazyFieldLite value) {
+    return computeTagSize(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM) * 2
+        + computeUInt32Size(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber)
+        + computeLazyFieldSize(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a tag. */
+  public static int computeTagSize(final int fieldNumber) {
+    return computeUInt32SizeNoTag(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, 0));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an {@code int32} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeInt32SizeNoTag(final int value) {
+    if (value >= 0) {
+      return computeUInt32SizeNoTag(value);
+    } else {
+      // Must sign-extend.
+      return MAX_VARINT_SIZE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code uint32} field. */
+  public static int computeUInt32SizeNoTag(final int value) {
+    if ((value & (~0 << 7)) == 0) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+    if ((value & (~0 << 14)) == 0) {
+      return 2;
+    }
+    if ((value & (~0 << 21)) == 0) {
+      return 3;
+    }
+    if ((value & (~0 << 28)) == 0) {
+      return 4;
+    }
+    return 5;
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an {@code sint32} field. */
+  public static int computeSInt32SizeNoTag(final int value) {
+    return computeUInt32SizeNoTag(encodeZigZag32(value));
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code fixed32} field. */
+  public static int computeFixed32SizeNoTag(@SuppressWarnings("unused") final int unused) {
+    return FIXED32_SIZE;
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an {@code sfixed32} field. */
+  public static int computeSFixed32SizeNoTag(@SuppressWarnings("unused") final int unused) {
+    return FIXED32_SIZE;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an {@code int64} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeInt64SizeNoTag(final long value) {
+    return computeUInt64SizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code uint64} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeUInt64SizeNoTag(long value) {
+    // handle two popular special cases up front ...
+    if ((value & (~0L << 7)) == 0L) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+    if (value < 0L) {
+      return 10;
+    }
+    // ... leaving us with 8 remaining, which we can divide and conquer
+    int n = 2;
+    if ((value & (~0L << 35)) != 0L) {
+      n += 4;
+      value >>>= 28;
+    }
+    if ((value & (~0L << 21)) != 0L) {
+      n += 2;
+      value >>>= 14;
+    }
+    if ((value & (~0L << 14)) != 0L) {
+      n += 1;
+    }
+    return n;
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an {@code sint64} field. */
+  public static int computeSInt64SizeNoTag(final long value) {
+    return computeUInt64SizeNoTag(encodeZigZag64(value));
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code fixed64} field. */
+  public static int computeFixed64SizeNoTag(@SuppressWarnings("unused") final long unused) {
+    return FIXED64_SIZE;
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an {@code sfixed64} field. */
+  public static int computeSFixed64SizeNoTag(@SuppressWarnings("unused") final long unused) {
+    return FIXED64_SIZE;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code float} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeFloatSizeNoTag(@SuppressWarnings("unused") final float unused) {
+    return FIXED32_SIZE;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code double} field, including
+   * tag.
+   */
+  public static int computeDoubleSizeNoTag(@SuppressWarnings("unused") final double unused) {
+    return FIXED64_SIZE;
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code bool} field. */
+  public static int computeBoolSizeNoTag(@SuppressWarnings("unused") final boolean unused) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an enum field. The provided value is
+   * the numeric value used to represent the enum value on the wire (not the enum ordinal value).
+   */
+  public static int computeEnumSizeNoTag(final int value) {
+    return computeInt32SizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code string} field. */
+  public static int computeStringSizeNoTag(final String value) {
+    int length;
+    try {
+      length = Utf8.encodedLength(value);
+    } catch (UnpairedSurrogateException e) {
+      // TODO(dweis): Consider using nio Charset methods instead.
+      final byte[] bytes = value.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8);
+      length = bytes.length;
+    }
+
+    return computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an embedded message stored in lazy
+   * field.
+   */
+  public static int computeLazyFieldSizeNoTag(final LazyFieldLite value) {
+    return computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(value.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code bytes} field. */
+  public static int computeBytesSizeNoTag(final ByteString value) {
+    return computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(value.size());
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code bytes} field. */
+  public static int computeByteArraySizeNoTag(final byte[] value) {
+    return computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(value.length);
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code bytes} field. */
+  public static int computeByteBufferSizeNoTag(final ByteBuffer value) {
+    return computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(value.capacity());
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an embedded message field. */
+  public static int computeMessageSizeNoTag(final MessageLite value) {
+    return computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(value.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an embedded message field. */
+  static int computeMessageSizeNoTag(final MessageLite value, final Schema schema) {
+    return computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(((AbstractMessageLite) value).getSerializedSize(schema));
+  }
+
+  static int computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(int fieldLength) {
+    return computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldLength) + fieldLength;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Encode a ZigZag-encoded 32-bit value. ZigZag encodes signed integers into values that can be
+   * efficiently encoded with varint. (Otherwise, negative values must be sign-extended to 64 bits
+   * to be varint encoded, thus always taking 10 bytes on the wire.)
+   *
+   * @param n A signed 32-bit integer.
+   * @return An unsigned 32-bit integer, stored in a signed int because Java has no explicit
+   *     unsigned support.
+   */
+  public static int encodeZigZag32(final int n) {
+    // Note:  the right-shift must be arithmetic
+    return (n << 1) ^ (n >> 31);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Encode a ZigZag-encoded 64-bit value. ZigZag encodes signed integers into values that can be
+   * efficiently encoded with varint. (Otherwise, negative values must be sign-extended to 64 bits
+   * to be varint encoded, thus always taking 10 bytes on the wire.)
+   *
+   * @param n A signed 64-bit integer.
+   * @return An unsigned 64-bit integer, stored in a signed int because Java has no explicit
+   *     unsigned support.
+   */
+  public static long encodeZigZag64(final long n) {
+    // Note:  the right-shift must be arithmetic
+    return (n << 1) ^ (n >> 63);
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * Flushes the stream and forces any buffered bytes to be written. This does not flush the
+   * underlying OutputStream.
+   */
+  public abstract void flush() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * If writing to a flat array, return the space left in the array. Otherwise, throws {@code
+   * UnsupportedOperationException}.
+   */
+  public abstract int spaceLeft();
+
+  /**
+   * Verifies that {@link #spaceLeft()} returns zero. It's common to create a byte array that is
+   * exactly big enough to hold a message, then write to it with a {@code CodedOutputStream}.
+   * Calling {@code checkNoSpaceLeft()} after writing verifies that the message was actually as big
+   * as expected, which can help catch bugs.
+   */
+  public final void checkNoSpaceLeft() {
+    if (spaceLeft() != 0) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Did not write as much data as expected.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * If you create a CodedOutputStream around a simple flat array, you must not attempt to write
+   * more bytes than the array has space. Otherwise, this exception will be thrown.
+   */
+  public static class OutOfSpaceException extends IOException {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6947486886997889499L;
+
+    private static final String MESSAGE =
+        "CodedOutputStream was writing to a flat byte array and ran out of space.";
+
+    OutOfSpaceException() {
+      super(MESSAGE);
+    }
+
+    OutOfSpaceException(String explanationMessage) {
+      super(MESSAGE + ": " + explanationMessage);
+    }
+
+    OutOfSpaceException(Throwable cause) {
+      super(MESSAGE, cause);
+    }
+
+    OutOfSpaceException(String explanationMessage, Throwable cause) {
+      super(MESSAGE + ": " + explanationMessage, cause);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the total number of bytes successfully written to this stream. The returned value is not
+   * guaranteed to be accurate if exceptions have been found in the middle of writing.
+   */
+  public abstract int getTotalBytesWritten();
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** Write a {@code bytes} field to the stream. Visible for testing. */
+  abstract void writeByteArrayNoTag(final byte[] value, final int offset, final int length)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  final void inefficientWriteStringNoTag(String value, UnpairedSurrogateException cause)
+      throws IOException {
+    logger.log(
+        Level.WARNING,
+        "Converting ill-formed UTF-16. Your Protocol Buffer will not round trip correctly!",
+        cause);
+
+    // Unfortunately there does not appear to be any way to tell Java to encode
+    // UTF-8 directly into our buffer, so we have to let it create its own byte
+    // array and then copy.
+    // TODO(dweis): Consider using nio Charset methods instead.
+    final byte[] bytes = value.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8);
+    try {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(bytes.length);
+      writeLazy(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+    } catch (OutOfSpaceException e) {
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * Write a {@code group} field, including tag, to the stream.
+   *
+   * @deprecated groups are deprecated.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public final void writeGroup(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+    writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    writeGroupNoTag(value);
+    writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write a {@code group} field, including tag, to the stream.
+   *
+   * @deprecated groups are deprecated.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  final void writeGroup(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value, Schema schema)
+      throws IOException {
+    writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    writeGroupNoTag(value, schema);
+    writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write a {@code group} field to the stream.
+   *
+   * @deprecated groups are deprecated.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public final void writeGroupNoTag(final MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+    value.writeTo(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write a {@code group} field to the stream.
+   *
+   * @deprecated groups are deprecated.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  final void writeGroupNoTag(final MessageLite value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+    schema.writeTo(value, wrapper);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code group} field, including
+   * tag.
+   *
+   * @deprecated groups are deprecated.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static int computeGroupSize(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) * 2 + computeGroupSizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code group} field, including
+   * tag.
+   *
+   * @deprecated groups are deprecated.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  static int computeGroupSize(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value, Schema schema) {
+    return computeTagSize(fieldNumber) * 2 + computeGroupSizeNoTag(value, schema);
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code group} field. */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static int computeGroupSizeNoTag(final MessageLite value) {
+    return value.getSerializedSize();
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a {@code group} field. */
+  @Deprecated
+  static int computeGroupSizeNoTag(final MessageLite value, Schema schema) {
+    return ((AbstractMessageLite) value).getSerializedSize(schema);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Encode and write a varint. {@code value} is treated as unsigned, so it won't be sign-extended
+   * if negative.
+   *
+   * @deprecated use {@link #writeUInt32NoTag} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public final void writeRawVarint32(int value) throws IOException {
+    writeUInt32NoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Encode and write a varint.
+   *
+   * @deprecated use {@link #writeUInt64NoTag} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public final void writeRawVarint64(long value) throws IOException {
+    writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a varint. {@code value} is treated
+   * as unsigned, so it won't be sign-extended if negative.
+   *
+   * @deprecated use {@link #computeUInt32SizeNoTag(int)} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static int computeRawVarint32Size(final int value) {
+    return computeUInt32SizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a varint.
+   *
+   * @deprecated use {@link #computeUInt64SizeNoTag(long)} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static int computeRawVarint64Size(long value) {
+    return computeUInt64SizeNoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write a little-endian 32-bit integer.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link #writeFixed32NoTag} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public final void writeRawLittleEndian32(final int value) throws IOException {
+    writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write a little-endian 64-bit integer.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link #writeFixed64NoTag} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public final void writeRawLittleEndian64(final long value) throws IOException {
+    writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** A {@link CodedOutputStream} that writes directly to a byte array. */
+  private static class ArrayEncoder extends CodedOutputStream {
+    private final byte[] buffer;
+    private final int offset;
+    private final int limit;
+    private int position;
+
+    ArrayEncoder(byte[] buffer, int offset, int length) {
+      if (buffer == null) {
+        throw new NullPointerException("buffer");
+      }
+      if ((offset | length | (buffer.length - (offset + length))) < 0) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            String.format(
+                "Array range is invalid. Buffer.length=%d, offset=%d, length=%d",
+                buffer.length, offset, length));
+      }
+      this.buffer = buffer;
+      this.offset = offset;
+      position = offset;
+      limit = offset + length;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeTag(final int fieldNumber, final int wireType) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, wireType));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeInt32(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      writeInt32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeUInt32(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeFixed32(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+      writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeUInt64(final int fieldNumber, final long value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeFixed64(final int fieldNumber, final long value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+      writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeBool(final int fieldNumber, final boolean value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      write((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeString(final int fieldNumber, final String value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeStringNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeBytes(final int fieldNumber, final ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeBytesNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeByteArray(final int fieldNumber, final byte[] value) throws IOException {
+      writeByteArray(fieldNumber, value, 0, value.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeByteArray(
+        final int fieldNumber, final byte[] value, final int offset, final int length)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeByteArrayNoTag(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeByteBuffer(final int fieldNumber, final ByteBuffer value)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.capacity());
+      writeRawBytes(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeBytesNoTag(final ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.size());
+      value.writeTo(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeByteArrayNoTag(final byte[] value, int offset, int length)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(length);
+      write(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeRawBytes(final ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      if (value.hasArray()) {
+        write(value.array(), value.arrayOffset(), value.capacity());
+      } else {
+        ByteBuffer duplicated = value.duplicate();
+        duplicated.clear();
+        write(duplicated);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeMessage(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeMessageNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    final void writeMessage(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value, Schema schema)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeUInt32NoTag(((AbstractMessageLite) value).getSerializedSize(schema));
+      schema.writeTo(value, wrapper);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeMessageSetExtension(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      writeUInt32(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber);
+      writeMessage(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeRawMessageSetExtension(final int fieldNumber, final ByteString value)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      writeUInt32(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber);
+      writeBytes(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeMessageNoTag(final MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.getSerializedSize());
+      value.writeTo(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    final void writeMessageNoTag(final MessageLite value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(((AbstractMessageLite) value).getSerializedSize(schema));
+      schema.writeTo(value, wrapper);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void write(byte value) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        buffer[position++] = value;
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 1), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeInt32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      if (value >= 0) {
+        writeUInt32NoTag(value);
+      } else {
+        // Must sign-extend.
+        writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeUInt32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      if (HAS_UNSAFE_ARRAY_OPERATIONS
+          && !Android.isOnAndroidDevice()
+          && spaceLeft() >= MAX_VARINT32_SIZE) {
+        if ((value & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) value);
+          return;
+        }
+        UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) (value | 0x80));
+        value >>>= 7;
+        if ((value & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) value);
+          return;
+        }
+        UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) (value | 0x80));
+        value >>>= 7;
+        if ((value & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) value);
+          return;
+        }
+        UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) (value | 0x80));
+        value >>>= 7;
+        if ((value & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) value);
+          return;
+        }
+        UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) (value | 0x80));
+        value >>>= 7;
+        UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) value);
+      } else {
+        try {
+          while (true) {
+            if ((value & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+              buffer[position++] = (byte) value;
+              return;
+            } else {
+              buffer[position++] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+              value >>>= 7;
+            }
+          }
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+          throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+              String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 1), e);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeFixed32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        buffer[position++] = (byte) (value & 0xFF);
+        buffer[position++] = (byte) ((value >> 8) & 0xFF);
+        buffer[position++] = (byte) ((value >> 16) & 0xFF);
+        buffer[position++] = (byte) ((value >> 24) & 0xFF);
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 1), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeUInt64NoTag(long value) throws IOException {
+      if (HAS_UNSAFE_ARRAY_OPERATIONS && spaceLeft() >= MAX_VARINT_SIZE) {
+        while (true) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7FL) == 0) {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) value);
+            return;
+          } else {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) (((int) value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        try {
+          while (true) {
+            if ((value & ~0x7FL) == 0) {
+              buffer[position++] = (byte) value;
+              return;
+            } else {
+              buffer[position++] = (byte) (((int) value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+              value >>>= 7;
+            }
+          }
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+          throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+              String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 1), e);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeFixed64NoTag(long value) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        buffer[position++] = (byte) ((int) (value) & 0xFF);
+        buffer[position++] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 8) & 0xFF);
+        buffer[position++] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 16) & 0xFF);
+        buffer[position++] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 24) & 0xFF);
+        buffer[position++] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 32) & 0xFF);
+        buffer[position++] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 40) & 0xFF);
+        buffer[position++] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 48) & 0xFF);
+        buffer[position++] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 56) & 0xFF);
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 1), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void write(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        System.arraycopy(value, offset, buffer, position, length);
+        position += length;
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, length), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeLazy(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      write(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void write(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      final int length = value.remaining();
+      try {
+        value.get(buffer, position, length);
+        position += length;
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, length), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeLazy(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      write(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final void writeStringNoTag(String value) throws IOException {
+      final int oldPosition = position;
+      try {
+        // UTF-8 byte length of the string is at least its UTF-16 code unit length (value.length()),
+        // and at most 3 times of it. We take advantage of this in both branches below.
+        final int maxLength = value.length() * Utf8.MAX_BYTES_PER_CHAR;
+        final int maxLengthVarIntSize = computeUInt32SizeNoTag(maxLength);
+        final int minLengthVarIntSize = computeUInt32SizeNoTag(value.length());
+        if (minLengthVarIntSize == maxLengthVarIntSize) {
+          position = oldPosition + minLengthVarIntSize;
+          int newPosition = Utf8.encode(value, buffer, position, spaceLeft());
+          // Since this class is stateful and tracks the position, we rewind and store the state,
+          // prepend the length, then reset it back to the end of the string.
+          position = oldPosition;
+          int length = newPosition - oldPosition - minLengthVarIntSize;
+          writeUInt32NoTag(length);
+          position = newPosition;
+        } else {
+          int length = Utf8.encodedLength(value);
+          writeUInt32NoTag(length);
+          position = Utf8.encode(value, buffer, position, spaceLeft());
+        }
+      } catch (UnpairedSurrogateException e) {
+        // Roll back the change - we fall back to inefficient path.
+        position = oldPosition;
+
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): We should throw an IOException here instead.
+        inefficientWriteStringNoTag(value, e);
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void flush() {
+      // Do nothing.
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final int spaceLeft() {
+      return limit - position;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final int getTotalBytesWritten() {
+      return position - offset;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A {@link CodedOutputStream} that writes directly to a heap {@link ByteBuffer}. Writes are done
+   * directly to the underlying array. The buffer position is only updated after a flush.
+   */
+  private static final class HeapNioEncoder extends ArrayEncoder {
+    private final ByteBuffer byteBuffer;
+    private int initialPosition;
+
+    HeapNioEncoder(ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+      super(
+          byteBuffer.array(),
+          byteBuffer.arrayOffset() + byteBuffer.position(),
+          byteBuffer.remaining());
+      this.byteBuffer = byteBuffer;
+      this.initialPosition = byteBuffer.position();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void flush() {
+      // Update the position on the buffer.
+      byteBuffer.position(initialPosition + getTotalBytesWritten());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A {@link CodedOutputStream} that writes directly to a direct {@link ByteBuffer}, using only
+   * safe operations..
+   */
+  private static final class SafeDirectNioEncoder extends CodedOutputStream {
+    private final ByteBuffer originalBuffer;
+    private final ByteBuffer buffer;
+    private final int initialPosition;
+
+    SafeDirectNioEncoder(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+      this.originalBuffer = buffer;
+      this.buffer = buffer.duplicate().order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+      initialPosition = buffer.position();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeTag(final int fieldNumber, final int wireType) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, wireType));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt32(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      writeInt32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt32(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed32(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+      writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt64(final int fieldNumber, final long value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed64(final int fieldNumber, final long value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+      writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBool(final int fieldNumber, final boolean value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      write((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeString(final int fieldNumber, final String value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeStringNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytes(final int fieldNumber, final ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeBytesNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArray(final int fieldNumber, final byte[] value) throws IOException {
+      writeByteArray(fieldNumber, value, 0, value.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArray(
+        final int fieldNumber, final byte[] value, final int offset, final int length)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeByteArrayNoTag(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteBuffer(final int fieldNumber, final ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.capacity());
+      writeRawBytes(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessage(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeMessageNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeMessage(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value, Schema schema)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeMessageNoTag(value, schema);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessageSetExtension(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      writeUInt32(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber);
+      writeMessage(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRawMessageSetExtension(final int fieldNumber, final ByteString value)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      writeUInt32(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber);
+      writeBytes(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessageNoTag(final MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.getSerializedSize());
+      value.writeTo(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeMessageNoTag(final MessageLite value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(((AbstractMessageLite) value).getSerializedSize(schema));
+      schema.writeTo(value, wrapper);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte value) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        buffer.put(value);
+      } catch (BufferOverflowException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytesNoTag(final ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.size());
+      value.writeTo(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArrayNoTag(final byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(length);
+      write(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRawBytes(final ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      if (value.hasArray()) {
+        write(value.array(), value.arrayOffset(), value.capacity());
+      } else {
+        ByteBuffer duplicated = value.duplicate();
+        duplicated.clear();
+        write(duplicated);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      if (value >= 0) {
+        writeUInt32NoTag(value);
+      } else {
+        // Must sign-extend.
+        writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        while (true) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+            buffer.put((byte) value);
+            return;
+          } else {
+            buffer.put((byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (BufferOverflowException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        buffer.putInt(value);
+      } catch (BufferOverflowException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt64NoTag(long value) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        while (true) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7FL) == 0) {
+            buffer.put((byte) value);
+            return;
+          } else {
+            buffer.put((byte) (((int) value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (BufferOverflowException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed64NoTag(long value) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        buffer.putLong(value);
+      } catch (BufferOverflowException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        buffer.put(value, offset, length);
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      } catch (BufferOverflowException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      write(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        buffer.put(value);
+      } catch (BufferOverflowException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      write(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeStringNoTag(String value) throws IOException {
+      final int startPos = buffer.position();
+      try {
+        // UTF-8 byte length of the string is at least its UTF-16 code unit length (value.length()),
+        // and at most 3 times of it. We take advantage of this in both branches below.
+        final int maxEncodedSize = value.length() * Utf8.MAX_BYTES_PER_CHAR;
+        final int maxLengthVarIntSize = computeUInt32SizeNoTag(maxEncodedSize);
+        final int minLengthVarIntSize = computeUInt32SizeNoTag(value.length());
+        if (minLengthVarIntSize == maxLengthVarIntSize) {
+          // Save the current position and increment past the length field. We'll come back
+          // and write the length field after the encoding is complete.
+          final int startOfBytes = buffer.position() + minLengthVarIntSize;
+          buffer.position(startOfBytes);
+
+          // Encode the string.
+          encode(value);
+
+          // Now go back to the beginning and write the length.
+          int endOfBytes = buffer.position();
+          buffer.position(startPos);
+          writeUInt32NoTag(endOfBytes - startOfBytes);
+
+          // Reposition the buffer past the written data.
+          buffer.position(endOfBytes);
+        } else {
+          final int length = Utf8.encodedLength(value);
+          writeUInt32NoTag(length);
+          encode(value);
+        }
+      } catch (UnpairedSurrogateException e) {
+        // Roll back the change and convert to an IOException.
+        buffer.position(startPos);
+
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): We should throw an IOException here instead.
+        inefficientWriteStringNoTag(value, e);
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        // Thrown by buffer.position() if out of range.
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void flush() {
+      // Update the position of the original buffer.
+      originalBuffer.position(buffer.position());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int spaceLeft() {
+      return buffer.remaining();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesWritten() {
+      return buffer.position() - initialPosition;
+    }
+
+    private void encode(String value) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        Utf8.encodeUtf8(value, buffer);
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A {@link CodedOutputStream} that writes directly to a direct {@link ByteBuffer} using {@code
+   * sun.misc.Unsafe}.
+   */
+  private static final class UnsafeDirectNioEncoder extends CodedOutputStream {
+    private final ByteBuffer originalBuffer;
+    private final ByteBuffer buffer;
+    private final long address;
+    private final long initialPosition;
+    private final long limit;
+    private final long oneVarintLimit;
+    private long position;
+
+    UnsafeDirectNioEncoder(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+      this.originalBuffer = buffer;
+      this.buffer = buffer.duplicate().order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+      address = UnsafeUtil.addressOffset(buffer);
+      initialPosition = address + buffer.position();
+      limit = address + buffer.limit();
+      oneVarintLimit = limit - MAX_VARINT_SIZE;
+      position = initialPosition;
+    }
+
+    static boolean isSupported() {
+      return UnsafeUtil.hasUnsafeByteBufferOperations();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeTag(int fieldNumber, int wireType) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, wireType));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      writeInt32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+      writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+      writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBool(int fieldNumber, boolean value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      write((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeString(int fieldNumber, String value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeStringNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytes(int fieldNumber, ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeBytesNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArray(int fieldNumber, byte[] value) throws IOException {
+      writeByteArray(fieldNumber, value, 0, value.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArray(int fieldNumber, byte[] value, int offset, int length)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeByteArrayNoTag(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteBuffer(int fieldNumber, ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.capacity());
+      writeRawBytes(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeMessageNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, MessageLite value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeMessageNoTag(value, schema);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessageSetExtension(int fieldNumber, MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      writeUInt32(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber);
+      writeMessage(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRawMessageSetExtension(int fieldNumber, ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      writeUInt32(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber);
+      writeBytes(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessageNoTag(MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.getSerializedSize());
+      value.writeTo(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeMessageNoTag(MessageLite value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(((AbstractMessageLite) value).getSerializedSize(schema));
+      schema.writeTo(value, wrapper);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte value) throws IOException {
+      if (position >= limit) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 1));
+      }
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytesNoTag(ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.size());
+      value.writeTo(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArrayNoTag(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(length);
+      write(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRawBytes(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      if (value.hasArray()) {
+        write(value.array(), value.arrayOffset(), value.capacity());
+      } else {
+        ByteBuffer duplicated = value.duplicate();
+        duplicated.clear();
+        write(duplicated);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      if (value >= 0) {
+        writeUInt32NoTag(value);
+      } else {
+        // Must sign-extend.
+        writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      if (position <= oneVarintLimit) {
+        // Optimization to avoid bounds checks on each iteration.
+        while (true) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) value);
+            return;
+          } else {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        while (position < limit) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) value);
+            return;
+          } else {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 1));
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      buffer.putInt(bufferPos(position), value);
+      position += FIXED32_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt64NoTag(long value) throws IOException {
+      if (position <= oneVarintLimit) {
+        // Optimization to avoid bounds checks on each iteration.
+        while (true) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7FL) == 0) {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) value);
+            return;
+          } else {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) (((int) value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        while (position < limit) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7FL) == 0) {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) value);
+            return;
+          } else {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) (((int) value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 1));
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed64NoTag(long value) throws IOException {
+      buffer.putLong(bufferPos(position), value);
+      position += FIXED64_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      if (value == null
+          || offset < 0
+          || length < 0
+          || (value.length - length) < offset
+          || (limit - length) < position) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException("value");
+        }
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, length));
+      }
+
+      UnsafeUtil.copyMemory(value, offset, position, length);
+      position += length;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      write(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        int length = value.remaining();
+        repositionBuffer(position);
+        buffer.put(value);
+        position += length;
+      } catch (BufferOverflowException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      write(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeStringNoTag(String value) throws IOException {
+      long prevPos = position;
+      try {
+        // UTF-8 byte length of the string is at least its UTF-16 code unit length (value.length()),
+        // and at most 3 times of it. We take advantage of this in both branches below.
+        int maxEncodedSize = value.length() * Utf8.MAX_BYTES_PER_CHAR;
+        int maxLengthVarIntSize = computeUInt32SizeNoTag(maxEncodedSize);
+        int minLengthVarIntSize = computeUInt32SizeNoTag(value.length());
+        if (minLengthVarIntSize == maxLengthVarIntSize) {
+          // Save the current position and increment past the length field. We'll come back
+          // and write the length field after the encoding is complete.
+          int stringStart = bufferPos(position) + minLengthVarIntSize;
+          buffer.position(stringStart);
+
+          // Encode the string.
+          Utf8.encodeUtf8(value, buffer);
+
+          // Write the length and advance the position.
+          int length = buffer.position() - stringStart;
+          writeUInt32NoTag(length);
+          position += length;
+        } else {
+          // Calculate and write the encoded length.
+          int length = Utf8.encodedLength(value);
+          writeUInt32NoTag(length);
+
+          // Write the string and advance the position.
+          repositionBuffer(position);
+          Utf8.encodeUtf8(value, buffer);
+          position += length;
+        }
+      } catch (UnpairedSurrogateException e) {
+        // Roll back the change and convert to an IOException.
+        position = prevPos;
+        repositionBuffer(position);
+
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): We should throw an IOException here instead.
+        inefficientWriteStringNoTag(value, e);
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        // Thrown by buffer.position() if out of range.
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void flush() {
+      // Update the position of the original buffer.
+      originalBuffer.position(bufferPos(position));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int spaceLeft() {
+      return (int) (limit - position);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesWritten() {
+      return (int) (position - initialPosition);
+    }
+
+    private void repositionBuffer(long pos) {
+      buffer.position(bufferPos(pos));
+    }
+
+    private int bufferPos(long pos) {
+      return (int) (pos - address);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Abstract base class for buffered encoders. */
+  private abstract static class AbstractBufferedEncoder extends CodedOutputStream {
+    final byte[] buffer;
+    final int limit;
+    int position;
+    int totalBytesWritten;
+
+    AbstractBufferedEncoder(int bufferSize) {
+      if (bufferSize < 0) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("bufferSize must be >= 0");
+      }
+      // As an optimization, we require that the buffer be able to store at least 2
+      // varints so that we can buffer any integer write (tag + value). This reduces the
+      // number of range checks for a single write to 1 (i.e. if there is not enough space
+      // to buffer the tag+value, flush and then buffer it).
+      this.buffer = new byte[max(bufferSize, MAX_VARINT_SIZE * 2)];
+      this.limit = buffer.length;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final int spaceLeft() {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "spaceLeft() can only be called on CodedOutputStreams that are "
+              + "writing to a flat array or ByteBuffer.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final int getTotalBytesWritten() {
+      return totalBytesWritten;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method does not perform bounds checking on the array. Checking array bounds is the
+     * responsibility of the caller.
+     */
+    final void buffer(byte value) {
+      buffer[position++] = value;
+      totalBytesWritten++;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method does not perform bounds checking on the array. Checking array bounds is the
+     * responsibility of the caller.
+     */
+    final void bufferTag(final int fieldNumber, final int wireType) {
+      bufferUInt32NoTag(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, wireType));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method does not perform bounds checking on the array. Checking array bounds is the
+     * responsibility of the caller.
+     */
+    final void bufferInt32NoTag(final int value) {
+      if (value >= 0) {
+        bufferUInt32NoTag(value);
+      } else {
+        // Must sign-extend.
+        bufferUInt64NoTag(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method does not perform bounds checking on the array. Checking array bounds is the
+     * responsibility of the caller.
+     */
+    final void bufferUInt32NoTag(int value) {
+      if (HAS_UNSAFE_ARRAY_OPERATIONS) {
+        final long originalPos = position;
+        while (true) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) value);
+            break;
+          } else {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+        int delta = (int) (position - originalPos);
+        totalBytesWritten += delta;
+      } else {
+        while (true) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+            buffer[position++] = (byte) value;
+            totalBytesWritten++;
+            return;
+          } else {
+            buffer[position++] = (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+            totalBytesWritten++;
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method does not perform bounds checking on the array. Checking array bounds is the
+     * responsibility of the caller.
+     */
+    final void bufferUInt64NoTag(long value) {
+      if (HAS_UNSAFE_ARRAY_OPERATIONS) {
+        final long originalPos = position;
+        while (true) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7FL) == 0) {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) value);
+            break;
+          } else {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(buffer, position++, (byte) (((int) value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+        int delta = (int) (position - originalPos);
+        totalBytesWritten += delta;
+      } else {
+        while (true) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7FL) == 0) {
+            buffer[position++] = (byte) value;
+            totalBytesWritten++;
+            return;
+          } else {
+            buffer[position++] = (byte) (((int) value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+            totalBytesWritten++;
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method does not perform bounds checking on the array. Checking array bounds is the
+     * responsibility of the caller.
+     */
+    final void bufferFixed32NoTag(int value) {
+      buffer[position++] = (byte) (value & 0xFF);
+      buffer[position++] = (byte) ((value >> 8) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[position++] = (byte) ((value >> 16) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[position++] = (byte) ((value >> 24) & 0xFF);
+      totalBytesWritten += FIXED32_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method does not perform bounds checking on the array. Checking array bounds is the
+     * responsibility of the caller.
+     */
+    final void bufferFixed64NoTag(long value) {
+      buffer[position++] = (byte) (value & 0xFF);
+      buffer[position++] = (byte) ((value >> 8) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[position++] = (byte) ((value >> 16) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[position++] = (byte) ((value >> 24) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[position++] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 32) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[position++] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 40) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[position++] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 48) & 0xFF);
+      buffer[position++] = (byte) ((int) (value >> 56) & 0xFF);
+      totalBytesWritten += FIXED64_SIZE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A {@link CodedOutputStream} that decorates a {@link ByteOutput}. It internal buffer only to
+   * support string encoding operations. All other writes are just passed through to the {@link
+   * ByteOutput}.
+   */
+  private static final class ByteOutputEncoder extends AbstractBufferedEncoder {
+    private final ByteOutput out;
+
+    ByteOutputEncoder(ByteOutput out, int bufferSize) {
+      super(bufferSize);
+      if (out == null) {
+        throw new NullPointerException("out");
+      }
+      this.out = out;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeTag(final int fieldNumber, final int wireType) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, wireType));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt32(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT_SIZE * 2);
+      bufferTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      bufferInt32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt32(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT_SIZE * 2);
+      bufferTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      bufferUInt32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed32(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT_SIZE + FIXED32_SIZE);
+      bufferTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+      bufferFixed32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt64(final int fieldNumber, final long value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT_SIZE * 2);
+      bufferTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      bufferUInt64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed64(final int fieldNumber, final long value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT_SIZE + FIXED64_SIZE);
+      bufferTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+      bufferFixed64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBool(final int fieldNumber, final boolean value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT_SIZE + 1);
+      bufferTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      buffer((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeString(final int fieldNumber, final String value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeStringNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytes(final int fieldNumber, final ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeBytesNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArray(final int fieldNumber, final byte[] value) throws IOException {
+      writeByteArray(fieldNumber, value, 0, value.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArray(
+        final int fieldNumber, final byte[] value, final int offset, final int length)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeByteArrayNoTag(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteBuffer(final int fieldNumber, final ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.capacity());
+      writeRawBytes(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytesNoTag(final ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.size());
+      value.writeTo(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArrayNoTag(final byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(length);
+      write(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRawBytes(final ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      if (value.hasArray()) {
+        write(value.array(), value.arrayOffset(), value.capacity());
+      } else {
+        ByteBuffer duplicated = value.duplicate();
+        duplicated.clear();
+        write(duplicated);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessage(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeMessageNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeMessage(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value, Schema schema)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeMessageNoTag(value, schema);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessageSetExtension(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      writeUInt32(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber);
+      writeMessage(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRawMessageSetExtension(final int fieldNumber, final ByteString value)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      writeUInt32(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber);
+      writeBytes(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessageNoTag(final MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.getSerializedSize());
+      value.writeTo(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeMessageNoTag(final MessageLite value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(((AbstractMessageLite) value).getSerializedSize(schema));
+      schema.writeTo(value, wrapper);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte value) throws IOException {
+      if (position == limit) {
+        doFlush();
+      }
+
+      buffer(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      if (value >= 0) {
+        writeUInt32NoTag(value);
+      } else {
+        // Must sign-extend.
+        writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE);
+      bufferUInt32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed32NoTag(final int value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(FIXED32_SIZE);
+      bufferFixed32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt64NoTag(long value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT_SIZE);
+      bufferUInt64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed64NoTag(final long value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(FIXED64_SIZE);
+      bufferFixed64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeStringNoTag(String value) throws IOException {
+      // UTF-8 byte length of the string is at least its UTF-16 code unit length (value.length()),
+      // and at most 3 times of it. We take advantage of this in both branches below.
+      final int maxLength = value.length() * Utf8.MAX_BYTES_PER_CHAR;
+      final int maxLengthVarIntSize = computeUInt32SizeNoTag(maxLength);
+
+      // If we are streaming and the potential length is too big to fit in our buffer, we take the
+      // slower path.
+      if (maxLengthVarIntSize + maxLength > limit) {
+        // Allocate a byte[] that we know can fit the string and encode into it. String.getBytes()
+        // does the same internally and then does *another copy* to return a byte[] of exactly the
+        // right size. We can skip that copy and just writeRawBytes up to the actualLength of the
+        // UTF-8 encoded bytes.
+        final byte[] encodedBytes = new byte[maxLength];
+        int actualLength = Utf8.encode(value, encodedBytes, 0, maxLength);
+        writeUInt32NoTag(actualLength);
+        writeLazy(encodedBytes, 0, actualLength);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Fast path: we have enough space available in our buffer for the string...
+      if (maxLengthVarIntSize + maxLength > limit - position) {
+        // Flush to free up space.
+        doFlush();
+      }
+
+      final int oldPosition = position;
+      try {
+        // Optimize for the case where we know this length results in a constant varint length as
+        // this saves a pass for measuring the length of the string.
+        final int minLengthVarIntSize = computeUInt32SizeNoTag(value.length());
+
+        if (minLengthVarIntSize == maxLengthVarIntSize) {
+          position = oldPosition + minLengthVarIntSize;
+          int newPosition = Utf8.encode(value, buffer, position, limit - position);
+          // Since this class is stateful and tracks the position, we rewind and store the state,
+          // prepend the length, then reset it back to the end of the string.
+          position = oldPosition;
+          int length = newPosition - oldPosition - minLengthVarIntSize;
+          bufferUInt32NoTag(length);
+          position = newPosition;
+          totalBytesWritten += length;
+        } else {
+          int length = Utf8.encodedLength(value);
+          bufferUInt32NoTag(length);
+          position = Utf8.encode(value, buffer, position, length);
+          totalBytesWritten += length;
+        }
+      } catch (UnpairedSurrogateException e) {
+        // Roll back the change and convert to an IOException.
+        totalBytesWritten -= position - oldPosition;
+        position = oldPosition;
+
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): We should throw an IOException here instead.
+        inefficientWriteStringNoTag(value, e);
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void flush() throws IOException {
+      if (position > 0) {
+        // Flush the buffer.
+        doFlush();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      flush();
+      out.write(value, offset, length);
+      totalBytesWritten += length;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      flush();
+      out.writeLazy(value, offset, length);
+      totalBytesWritten += length;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      flush();
+      int length = value.remaining();
+      out.write(value);
+      totalBytesWritten += length;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      flush();
+      int length = value.remaining();
+      out.writeLazy(value);
+      totalBytesWritten += length;
+    }
+
+    private void flushIfNotAvailable(int requiredSize) throws IOException {
+      if (limit - position < requiredSize) {
+        doFlush();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void doFlush() throws IOException {
+      out.write(buffer, 0, position);
+      position = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * An {@link CodedOutputStream} that decorates an {@link OutputStream}. It performs internal
+   * buffering to optimize writes to the {@link OutputStream}.
+   */
+  private static final class OutputStreamEncoder extends AbstractBufferedEncoder {
+    private final OutputStream out;
+
+    OutputStreamEncoder(OutputStream out, int bufferSize) {
+      super(bufferSize);
+      if (out == null) {
+        throw new NullPointerException("out");
+      }
+      this.out = out;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeTag(final int fieldNumber, final int wireType) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, wireType));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt32(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT_SIZE * 2);
+      bufferTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      bufferInt32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt32(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT_SIZE * 2);
+      bufferTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      bufferUInt32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed32(final int fieldNumber, final int value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT_SIZE + FIXED32_SIZE);
+      bufferTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+      bufferFixed32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt64(final int fieldNumber, final long value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT_SIZE * 2);
+      bufferTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      bufferUInt64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed64(final int fieldNumber, final long value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT_SIZE + FIXED64_SIZE);
+      bufferTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+      bufferFixed64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBool(final int fieldNumber, final boolean value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT_SIZE + 1);
+      bufferTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      buffer((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeString(final int fieldNumber, final String value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeStringNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytes(final int fieldNumber, final ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeBytesNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArray(final int fieldNumber, final byte[] value) throws IOException {
+      writeByteArray(fieldNumber, value, 0, value.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArray(
+        final int fieldNumber, final byte[] value, final int offset, final int length)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeByteArrayNoTag(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteBuffer(final int fieldNumber, final ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.capacity());
+      writeRawBytes(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytesNoTag(final ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.size());
+      value.writeTo(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArrayNoTag(final byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(length);
+      write(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRawBytes(final ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      if (value.hasArray()) {
+        write(value.array(), value.arrayOffset(), value.capacity());
+      } else {
+        ByteBuffer duplicated = value.duplicate();
+        duplicated.clear();
+        write(duplicated);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessage(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeMessageNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeMessage(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value, Schema schema)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeMessageNoTag(value, schema);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessageSetExtension(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite value)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      writeUInt32(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber);
+      writeMessage(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRawMessageSetExtension(final int fieldNumber, final ByteString value)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      writeUInt32(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber);
+      writeBytes(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessageNoTag(final MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.getSerializedSize());
+      value.writeTo(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void writeMessageNoTag(final MessageLite value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(((AbstractMessageLite) value).getSerializedSize(schema));
+      schema.writeTo(value, wrapper);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte value) throws IOException {
+      if (position == limit) {
+        doFlush();
+      }
+
+      buffer(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      if (value >= 0) {
+        writeUInt32NoTag(value);
+      } else {
+        // Must sign-extend.
+        writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT32_SIZE);
+      bufferUInt32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed32NoTag(final int value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(FIXED32_SIZE);
+      bufferFixed32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt64NoTag(long value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(MAX_VARINT_SIZE);
+      bufferUInt64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed64NoTag(final long value) throws IOException {
+      flushIfNotAvailable(FIXED64_SIZE);
+      bufferFixed64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeStringNoTag(String value) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        // UTF-8 byte length of the string is at least its UTF-16 code unit length (value.length()),
+        // and at most 3 times of it. We take advantage of this in both branches below.
+        final int maxLength = value.length() * Utf8.MAX_BYTES_PER_CHAR;
+        final int maxLengthVarIntSize = computeUInt32SizeNoTag(maxLength);
+
+        // If we are streaming and the potential length is too big to fit in our buffer, we take the
+        // slower path.
+        if (maxLengthVarIntSize + maxLength > limit) {
+          // Allocate a byte[] that we know can fit the string and encode into it. String.getBytes()
+          // does the same internally and then does *another copy* to return a byte[] of exactly the
+          // right size. We can skip that copy and just writeRawBytes up to the actualLength of the
+          // UTF-8 encoded bytes.
+          final byte[] encodedBytes = new byte[maxLength];
+          int actualLength = Utf8.encode(value, encodedBytes, 0, maxLength);
+          writeUInt32NoTag(actualLength);
+          writeLazy(encodedBytes, 0, actualLength);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Fast path: we have enough space available in our buffer for the string...
+        if (maxLengthVarIntSize + maxLength > limit - position) {
+          // Flush to free up space.
+          doFlush();
+        }
+
+        // Optimize for the case where we know this length results in a constant varint length as
+        // this saves a pass for measuring the length of the string.
+        final int minLengthVarIntSize = computeUInt32SizeNoTag(value.length());
+        int oldPosition = position;
+        final int length;
+        try {
+          if (minLengthVarIntSize == maxLengthVarIntSize) {
+            position = oldPosition + minLengthVarIntSize;
+            int newPosition = Utf8.encode(value, buffer, position, limit - position);
+            // Since this class is stateful and tracks the position, we rewind and store the
+            // state, prepend the length, then reset it back to the end of the string.
+            position = oldPosition;
+            length = newPosition - oldPosition - minLengthVarIntSize;
+            bufferUInt32NoTag(length);
+            position = newPosition;
+          } else {
+            length = Utf8.encodedLength(value);
+            bufferUInt32NoTag(length);
+            position = Utf8.encode(value, buffer, position, length);
+          }
+          totalBytesWritten += length;
+        } catch (UnpairedSurrogateException e) {
+          // Be extra careful and restore the original position for retrying the write with the
+          // less efficient path.
+          totalBytesWritten -= position - oldPosition;
+          position = oldPosition;
+          throw e;
+        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+          throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+        }
+      } catch (UnpairedSurrogateException e) {
+        inefficientWriteStringNoTag(value, e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void flush() throws IOException {
+      if (position > 0) {
+        // Flush the buffer.
+        doFlush();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      if (limit - position >= length) {
+        // We have room in the current buffer.
+        System.arraycopy(value, offset, buffer, position, length);
+        position += length;
+        totalBytesWritten += length;
+      } else {
+        // Write extends past current buffer.  Fill the rest of this buffer and
+        // flush.
+        final int bytesWritten = limit - position;
+        System.arraycopy(value, offset, buffer, position, bytesWritten);
+        offset += bytesWritten;
+        length -= bytesWritten;
+        position = limit;
+        totalBytesWritten += bytesWritten;
+        doFlush();
+
+        // Now deal with the rest.
+        // Since we have an output stream, this is our buffer
+        // and buffer offset == 0
+        if (length <= limit) {
+          // Fits in new buffer.
+          System.arraycopy(value, offset, buffer, 0, length);
+          position = length;
+        } else {
+          // Write is very big.  Let's do it all at once.
+          out.write(value, offset, length);
+        }
+        totalBytesWritten += length;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      write(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      int length = value.remaining();
+      if (limit - position >= length) {
+        // We have room in the current buffer.
+        value.get(buffer, position, length);
+        position += length;
+        totalBytesWritten += length;
+      } else {
+        // Write extends past current buffer.  Fill the rest of this buffer and
+        // flush.
+        final int bytesWritten = limit - position;
+        value.get(buffer, position, bytesWritten);
+        length -= bytesWritten;
+        position = limit;
+        totalBytesWritten += bytesWritten;
+        doFlush();
+
+        // Now deal with the rest.
+        // Since we have an output stream, this is our buffer
+        // and buffer offset == 0
+        while (length > limit) {
+          // Copy data into the buffer before writing it to OutputStream.
+          value.get(buffer, 0, limit);
+          out.write(buffer, 0, limit);
+          length -= limit;
+          totalBytesWritten += limit;
+        }
+        value.get(buffer, 0, length);
+        position = length;
+        totalBytesWritten += length;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      write(value);
+    }
+
+    private void flushIfNotAvailable(int requiredSize) throws IOException {
+      if (limit - position < requiredSize) {
+        doFlush();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void doFlush() throws IOException {
+      out.write(buffer, 0, position);
+      position = 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStreamWriter.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStreamWriter.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0d1983cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStreamWriter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,691 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/** An adapter between the {@link Writer} interface and {@link CodedOutputStream}. */
+@ExperimentalApi
+final class CodedOutputStreamWriter implements Writer {
+  private final CodedOutputStream output;
+
+  public static CodedOutputStreamWriter forCodedOutput(CodedOutputStream output) {
+    if (output.wrapper != null) {
+      return output.wrapper;
+    }
+    return new CodedOutputStreamWriter(output);
+  }
+
+  private CodedOutputStreamWriter(CodedOutputStream output) {
+    this.output = checkNotNull(output, "output");
+    this.output.wrapper = this;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public FieldOrder fieldOrder() {
+    return FieldOrder.ASCENDING;
+  }
+
+  public int getTotalBytesWritten() {
+    return output.getTotalBytesWritten();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeSFixed32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeSFixed32(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeInt64(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeSFixed64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeSFixed64(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeFloat(int fieldNumber, float value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeFloat(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeDouble(int fieldNumber, double value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeDouble(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeEnum(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeEnum(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeUInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeUInt64(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeInt32(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeFixed64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeFixed64(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeFixed32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeFixed32(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeBool(int fieldNumber, boolean value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeBool(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeString(int fieldNumber, String value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeString(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeBytes(int fieldNumber, ByteString value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeBytes(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeUInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeUInt32(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeSInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeSInt32(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeSInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeSInt64(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeMessage(fieldNumber, (MessageLite) value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, Object value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+    output.writeMessage(fieldNumber, (MessageLite) value, schema);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeGroup(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException {
+    output.writeGroup(fieldNumber, (MessageLite) value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeGroup(int fieldNumber, Object value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+    output.writeGroup(fieldNumber, (MessageLite) value, schema);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeStartGroup(int fieldNumber) throws IOException {
+    output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeEndGroup(int fieldNumber) throws IOException {
+    output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final void writeMessageSetItem(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException {
+    if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+      output.writeRawMessageSetExtension(fieldNumber, (ByteString) value);
+    } else {
+      output.writeMessageSetExtension(fieldNumber, (MessageLite) value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeInt32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+      // Compute and write the length of the data.
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        dataSize += CodedOutputStream.computeInt32SizeNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+
+      // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeInt32NoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeInt32(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeFixed32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+      // Compute and write the length of the data.
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        dataSize += CodedOutputStream.computeFixed32SizeNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+
+      // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeFixed32NoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeFixed32(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeInt64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+      // Compute and write the length of the data.
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        dataSize += CodedOutputStream.computeInt64SizeNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+
+      // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeInt64NoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeInt64(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeUInt64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+      // Compute and write the length of the data.
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        dataSize += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt64SizeNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+
+      // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeUInt64NoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeUInt64(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeFixed64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+      // Compute and write the length of the data.
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        dataSize += CodedOutputStream.computeFixed64SizeNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+
+      // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeFixed64NoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeFixed64(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeFloatList(int fieldNumber, List<Float> value, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+      // Compute and write the length of the data.
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        dataSize += CodedOutputStream.computeFloatSizeNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+
+      // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeFloatNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeFloat(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeDoubleList(int fieldNumber, List<Double> value, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+      // Compute and write the length of the data.
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        dataSize += CodedOutputStream.computeDoubleSizeNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+
+      // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeDoubleNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeDouble(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeEnumList(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+      // Compute and write the length of the data.
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        dataSize += CodedOutputStream.computeEnumSizeNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+
+      // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeEnumNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeEnum(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeBoolList(int fieldNumber, List<Boolean> value, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+      // Compute and write the length of the data.
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        dataSize += CodedOutputStream.computeBoolSizeNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+
+      // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeBoolNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeBool(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeStringList(int fieldNumber, List<String> value) throws IOException {
+    if (value instanceof LazyStringList) {
+      final LazyStringList lazyList = (LazyStringList) value;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        writeLazyString(fieldNumber, lazyList.getRaw(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeString(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void writeLazyString(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException {
+    if (value instanceof String) {
+      output.writeString(fieldNumber, (String) value);
+    } else {
+      output.writeBytes(fieldNumber, (ByteString) value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeBytesList(int fieldNumber, List<ByteString> value) throws IOException {
+    for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+      output.writeBytes(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeUInt32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+      // Compute and write the length of the data.
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        dataSize += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+
+      // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeUInt32NoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeUInt32(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeSFixed32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+      // Compute and write the length of the data.
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        dataSize += CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed32SizeNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+
+      // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeSFixed32NoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeSFixed32(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeSFixed64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+      // Compute and write the length of the data.
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        dataSize += CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed64SizeNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+
+      // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeSFixed64NoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeSFixed64(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeSInt32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+      // Compute and write the length of the data.
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        dataSize += CodedOutputStream.computeSInt32SizeNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+
+      // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeSInt32NoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeSInt32(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeSInt64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, boolean packed)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (packed) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+      // Compute and write the length of the data.
+      int dataSize = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        dataSize += CodedOutputStream.computeSInt64SizeNoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+
+      // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeSInt64NoTag(value.get(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+        output.writeSInt64(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeMessageList(int fieldNumber, List<?> value) throws IOException {
+    for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+      writeMessage(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeMessageList(int fieldNumber, List<?> value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+    for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+      writeMessage(fieldNumber, value.get(i), schema);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeGroupList(int fieldNumber, List<?> value) throws IOException {
+    for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+      writeGroup(fieldNumber, value.get(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeGroupList(int fieldNumber, List<?> value, Schema schema) throws IOException {
+    for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+      writeGroup(fieldNumber, value.get(i), schema);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public <K, V> void writeMap(int fieldNumber, MapEntryLite.Metadata<K, V> metadata, Map<K, V> map)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (output.isSerializationDeterministic()) {
+      writeDeterministicMap(fieldNumber, metadata, map);
+      return;
+    }
+    for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : map.entrySet()) {
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(
+          MapEntryLite.computeSerializedSize(metadata, entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
+      MapEntryLite.writeTo(output, metadata, entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private <K, V> void writeDeterministicMap(
+      int fieldNumber, MapEntryLite.Metadata<K, V> metadata, Map<K, V> map) throws IOException {
+    switch (metadata.keyType) {
+      case BOOL:
+        V value;
+        if ((value = map.get(Boolean.FALSE)) != null) {
+          writeDeterministicBooleanMapEntry(
+              fieldNumber, /* key= */ false, value, (MapEntryLite.Metadata<Boolean, V>) metadata);
+        }
+        if ((value = map.get(Boolean.TRUE)) != null) {
+          writeDeterministicBooleanMapEntry(
+              fieldNumber, /* key= */ true, value, (MapEntryLite.Metadata<Boolean, V>) metadata);
+        }
+        break;
+      case FIXED32:
+      case INT32:
+      case SFIXED32:
+      case SINT32:
+      case UINT32:
+        writeDeterministicIntegerMap(
+            fieldNumber, (MapEntryLite.Metadata<Integer, V>) metadata, (Map<Integer, V>) map);
+        break;
+      case FIXED64:
+      case INT64:
+      case SFIXED64:
+      case SINT64:
+      case UINT64:
+        writeDeterministicLongMap(
+            fieldNumber, (MapEntryLite.Metadata<Long, V>) metadata, (Map<Long, V>) map);
+        break;
+      case STRING:
+        writeDeterministicStringMap(
+            fieldNumber, (MapEntryLite.Metadata<String, V>) metadata, (Map<String, V>) map);
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("does not support key type: " + metadata.keyType);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private <V> void writeDeterministicBooleanMapEntry(
+      int fieldNumber, boolean key, V value, MapEntryLite.Metadata<Boolean, V> metadata)
+      throws IOException {
+    output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    output.writeUInt32NoTag(MapEntryLite.computeSerializedSize(metadata, key, value));
+    MapEntryLite.writeTo(output, metadata, key, value);
+  }
+
+  private <V> void writeDeterministicIntegerMap(
+      int fieldNumber, MapEntryLite.Metadata<Integer, V> metadata, Map<Integer, V> map)
+      throws IOException {
+    int[] keys = new int[map.size()];
+    int index = 0;
+    for (int k : map.keySet()) {
+      keys[index++] = k;
+    }
+    Arrays.sort(keys);
+    for (int key : keys) {
+      V value = map.get(key);
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(MapEntryLite.computeSerializedSize(metadata, key, value));
+      MapEntryLite.writeTo(output, metadata, key, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private <V> void writeDeterministicLongMap(
+      int fieldNumber, MapEntryLite.Metadata<Long, V> metadata, Map<Long, V> map)
+      throws IOException {
+    long[] keys = new long[map.size()];
+    int index = 0;
+    for (long k : map.keySet()) {
+      keys[index++] = k;
+    }
+    Arrays.sort(keys);
+    for (long key : keys) {
+      V value = map.get(key);
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(MapEntryLite.computeSerializedSize(metadata, key, value));
+      MapEntryLite.writeTo(output, metadata, key, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private <V> void writeDeterministicStringMap(
+      int fieldNumber, MapEntryLite.Metadata<String, V> metadata, Map<String, V> map)
+      throws IOException {
+    String[] keys = new String[map.size()];
+    int index = 0;
+    for (String k : map.keySet()) {
+      keys[index++] = k;
+    }
+    Arrays.sort(keys);
+    for (String key : keys) {
+      V value = map.get(key);
+      output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      output.writeUInt32NoTag(MapEntryLite.computeSerializedSize(metadata, key, value));
+      MapEntryLite.writeTo(output, metadata, key, value);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DescriptorMessageInfoFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DescriptorMessageInfoFactory.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..797513659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DescriptorMessageInfoFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,690 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forFieldWithEnumVerifier;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forMapField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forOneofMemberField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forPackedField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forPackedFieldWithEnumVerifier;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forProto2OptionalField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forProto2RequiredField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forRepeatedMessageField;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Stack;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+/** A factory for message info based on protobuf descriptors for a {@link GeneratedMessageV3}. */
+@ExperimentalApi
+final class DescriptorMessageInfoFactory implements MessageInfoFactory {
+  private static final String GET_DEFAULT_INSTANCE_METHOD_NAME = "getDefaultInstance";
+  private static final DescriptorMessageInfoFactory instance = new DescriptorMessageInfoFactory();
+  private static final Set<String> specialFieldNames =
+      new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("cached_size", "serialized_size", "class"));
+
+  // Disallow construction - it's a singleton.
+  private DescriptorMessageInfoFactory() {}
+
+  public static DescriptorMessageInfoFactory getInstance() {
+    return instance;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isSupported(Class<?> messageType) {
+    return GeneratedMessageV3.class.isAssignableFrom(messageType);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageInfo messageInfoFor(Class<?> messageType) {
+    if (!GeneratedMessageV3.class.isAssignableFrom(messageType)) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported message type: " + messageType.getName());
+    }
+
+    return convert(messageType, descriptorForType(messageType));
+  }
+
+  private static Message getDefaultInstance(Class<?> messageType) {
+    try {
+      Method method = messageType.getDeclaredMethod(GET_DEFAULT_INSTANCE_METHOD_NAME);
+      return (Message) method.invoke(null);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Unable to get default instance for message class " + messageType.getName(), e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static Descriptor descriptorForType(Class<?> messageType) {
+    return getDefaultInstance(messageType).getDescriptorForType();
+  }
+
+  private static MessageInfo convert(Class<?> messageType, Descriptor messageDescriptor) {
+    switch (messageDescriptor.getFile().getSyntax()) {
+      case PROTO2:
+        return convertProto2(messageType, messageDescriptor);
+      case PROTO3:
+        return convertProto3(messageType, messageDescriptor);
+      default:
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Unsupported syntax: " + messageDescriptor.getFile().getSyntax());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A helper class to determine whether a message type needs to implement {@code isInitialized()}.
+   *
+   * <p>If a message type doesn't have any required fields or extensions (directly and
+   * transitively), it doesn't need to implement isInitialized() and can always return true there.
+   * It's a bit tricky to determine whether a type has transitive required fields because protobuf
+   * allows cycle references within the same .proto file (e.g., message Foo has a Bar field, and
+   * message Bar has a Foo field). For that we use Tarjan's strongly connected components algorithm
+   * to classify messages into strongly connected groups. Messages in the same group are
+   * transitively including each other, so they should either all have transitive required fields
+   * (or extensions), or none have.
+   *
+   * <p>This class is thread-safe.
+   */
+  static class IsInitializedCheckAnalyzer {
+
+    private final Map<Descriptor, Boolean> resultCache =
+        new ConcurrentHashMap<Descriptor, Boolean>();
+
+    // The following data members are part of Tarjan's SCC algorithm. See:
+    //   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjan%27s_strongly_connected_components_algorithm
+    private int index = 0;
+    private final Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
+    private final Map<Descriptor, Node> nodeCache = new HashMap<Descriptor, Node>();
+
+    public boolean needsIsInitializedCheck(Descriptor descriptor) {
+      Boolean cachedValue = resultCache.get(descriptor);
+      if (cachedValue != null) {
+        return cachedValue;
+      }
+      synchronized (this) {
+        // Double-check the cache because some other thread may have updated it while we
+        // were acquiring the lock.
+        cachedValue = resultCache.get(descriptor);
+        if (cachedValue != null) {
+          return cachedValue;
+        }
+        return dfs(descriptor).component.needsIsInitializedCheck;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static class Node {
+      final Descriptor descriptor;
+      final int index;
+      int lowLink;
+      StronglyConnectedComponent component; // null if the node is still on stack.
+
+      Node(Descriptor descriptor, int index) {
+        this.descriptor = descriptor;
+        this.index = index;
+        this.lowLink = index;
+        this.component = null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static class StronglyConnectedComponent {
+      final List<Descriptor> messages = new ArrayList<Descriptor>();
+      boolean needsIsInitializedCheck = false;
+    }
+
+    private Node dfs(Descriptor descriptor) {
+      Node result = new Node(descriptor, index++);
+      stack.push(result);
+      nodeCache.put(descriptor, result);
+
+      // Recurse the fields / nodes in graph
+      for (FieldDescriptor field : descriptor.getFields()) {
+        if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          Node child = nodeCache.get(field.getMessageType());
+          if (child == null) {
+            // Unexplored node
+            child = dfs(field.getMessageType());
+            result.lowLink = Math.min(result.lowLink, child.lowLink);
+          } else {
+            if (child.component == null) {
+              // Still in the stack so we found a back edge.
+              result.lowLink = Math.min(result.lowLink, child.lowLink);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (result.index == result.lowLink) {
+        // This is the root of a strongly connected component.
+        StronglyConnectedComponent component = new StronglyConnectedComponent();
+        while (true) {
+          Node node = stack.pop();
+          node.component = component;
+          component.messages.add(node.descriptor);
+          if (node == result) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+
+        analyze(component);
+      }
+
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    // Determine whether messages in this SCC needs isInitialized check.
+    private void analyze(StronglyConnectedComponent component) {
+      boolean needsIsInitializedCheck = false;
+      loop:
+      for (Descriptor descriptor : component.messages) {
+        if (descriptor.isExtendable()) {
+          needsIsInitializedCheck = true;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        for (FieldDescriptor field : descriptor.getFields()) {
+          if (field.isRequired()) {
+            needsIsInitializedCheck = true;
+            break loop;
+          }
+
+          if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+            // Since we are analyzing the graph bottom-up, all referenced fields should either be
+            // in this same component or in a different already-analyzed component.
+            Node node = nodeCache.get(field.getMessageType());
+            if (node.component != component) {
+              if (node.component.needsIsInitializedCheck) {
+                needsIsInitializedCheck = true;
+                break loop;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      component.needsIsInitializedCheck = needsIsInitializedCheck;
+
+      for (Descriptor descriptor : component.messages) {
+        resultCache.put(descriptor, component.needsIsInitializedCheck);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static IsInitializedCheckAnalyzer isInitializedCheckAnalyzer =
+      new IsInitializedCheckAnalyzer();
+
+  private static boolean needsIsInitializedCheck(Descriptor descriptor) {
+    return isInitializedCheckAnalyzer.needsIsInitializedCheck(descriptor);
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo convertProto2(
+      Class<?> messageType, Descriptor messageDescriptor) {
+    List<FieldDescriptor> fieldDescriptors = messageDescriptor.getFields();
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder =
+        StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(fieldDescriptors.size());
+    builder.withDefaultInstance(getDefaultInstance(messageType));
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    builder.withMessageSetWireFormat(messageDescriptor.getOptions().getMessageSetWireFormat());
+
+    OneofState oneofState = new OneofState();
+    int bitFieldIndex = 0;
+    int presenceMask = 1;
+    Field bitField = null;
+
+    // Fields in the descriptor are ordered by the index position in which they appear in the
+    // proto file. This is the same order used to determine the presence mask used in the
+    // bitFields. So to determine the appropriate presence mask to be used for a field, we simply
+    // need to shift the presence mask whenever a presence-checked field is encountered.
+    for (int i = 0; i < fieldDescriptors.size(); ++i) {
+      final FieldDescriptor fd = fieldDescriptors.get(i);
+      boolean enforceUtf8 = fd.getFile().getOptions().getJavaStringCheckUtf8();
+      Internal.EnumVerifier enumVerifier = null;
+      if (fd.getJavaType() == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.JavaType.ENUM) {
+        enumVerifier =
+            new Internal.EnumVerifier() {
+              @Override
+              public boolean isInRange(int number) {
+                return fd.getEnumType().findValueByNumber(number) != null;
+              }
+            };
+      }
+      if (fd.getContainingOneof() != null) {
+        // Build a oneof member field.
+        builder.withField(buildOneofMember(messageType, fd, oneofState, enforceUtf8, enumVerifier));
+      } else {
+        Field field = field(messageType, fd);
+        int number = fd.getNumber();
+        FieldType type = getFieldType(fd);
+
+        if (fd.isMapField()) {
+          // Map field points to an auto-generated message entry type with the definition:
+          //   message MapEntry {
+          //     K key = 1;
+          //     V value = 2;
+          //   }
+          final FieldDescriptor valueField = fd.getMessageType().findFieldByNumber(2);
+          if (valueField.getJavaType() == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.JavaType.ENUM) {
+            enumVerifier =
+                new Internal.EnumVerifier() {
+                  @Override
+                  public boolean isInRange(int number) {
+                    return valueField.getEnumType().findValueByNumber(number) != null;
+                  }
+                };
+          }
+          builder.withField(
+              forMapField(
+                  field,
+                  number,
+                  SchemaUtil.getMapDefaultEntry(messageType, fd.getName()),
+                  enumVerifier));
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (fd.isRepeated()) {
+          // Repeated fields are not presence-checked.
+          if (enumVerifier != null) {
+            if (fd.isPacked()) {
+              builder.withField(
+                  forPackedFieldWithEnumVerifier(
+                      field, number, type, enumVerifier, cachedSizeField(messageType, fd)));
+            } else {
+              builder.withField(forFieldWithEnumVerifier(field, number, type, enumVerifier));
+            }
+          } else if (fd.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+            builder.withField(
+                forRepeatedMessageField(
+                    field, number, type, getTypeForRepeatedMessageField(messageType, fd)));
+          } else {
+            if (fd.isPacked()) {
+              builder.withField(
+                  forPackedField(field, number, type, cachedSizeField(messageType, fd)));
+            } else {
+              builder.withField(forField(field, number, type, enforceUtf8));
+            }
+          }
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (bitField == null) {
+          // Lazy-create the next bitfield since we know it must exist.
+          bitField = bitField(messageType, bitFieldIndex);
+        }
+
+        // It's a presence-checked field.
+        if (fd.isRequired()) {
+          builder.withField(
+              forProto2RequiredField(
+                  field, number, type, bitField, presenceMask, enforceUtf8, enumVerifier));
+        } else {
+          builder.withField(
+              forProto2OptionalField(
+                  field, number, type, bitField, presenceMask, enforceUtf8, enumVerifier));
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Update the presence mask for the next iteration. If the shift clears out the mask, we will
+      // go to the next bitField.
+      presenceMask <<= 1;
+      if (presenceMask == 0) {
+        bitField = null;
+        presenceMask = 1;
+        bitFieldIndex++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    List<Integer> fieldsToCheckIsInitialized = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < fieldDescriptors.size(); ++i) {
+      FieldDescriptor fd = fieldDescriptors.get(i);
+      if (fd.isRequired()
+          || (fd.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE
+              && needsIsInitializedCheck(fd.getMessageType()))) {
+        fieldsToCheckIsInitialized.add(fd.getNumber());
+      }
+    }
+    int[] numbers = new int[fieldsToCheckIsInitialized.size()];
+    for (int i = 0; i < fieldsToCheckIsInitialized.size(); i++) {
+      numbers[i] = fieldsToCheckIsInitialized.get(i);
+    }
+    builder.withCheckInitialized(numbers);
+
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo convertProto3(
+      Class<?> messageType, Descriptor messageDescriptor) {
+    List<FieldDescriptor> fieldDescriptors = messageDescriptor.getFields();
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder =
+        StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(fieldDescriptors.size());
+    builder.withDefaultInstance(getDefaultInstance(messageType));
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO3);
+
+    OneofState oneofState = new OneofState();
+    boolean enforceUtf8 = true;
+    for (int i = 0; i < fieldDescriptors.size(); ++i) {
+      FieldDescriptor fd = fieldDescriptors.get(i);
+      if (fd.getContainingOneof() != null) {
+        // Build a oneof member field.
+        builder.withField(buildOneofMember(messageType, fd, oneofState, enforceUtf8, null));
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (fd.isMapField()) {
+        builder.withField(
+            forMapField(
+                field(messageType, fd),
+                fd.getNumber(),
+                SchemaUtil.getMapDefaultEntry(messageType, fd.getName()),
+                null));
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (fd.isRepeated() && fd.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        builder.withField(
+            forRepeatedMessageField(
+                field(messageType, fd),
+                fd.getNumber(),
+                getFieldType(fd),
+                getTypeForRepeatedMessageField(messageType, fd)));
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (fd.isPacked()) {
+        builder.withField(
+            forPackedField(
+                field(messageType, fd),
+                fd.getNumber(),
+                getFieldType(fd),
+                cachedSizeField(messageType, fd)));
+      } else {
+        builder.withField(
+            forField(field(messageType, fd), fd.getNumber(), getFieldType(fd), enforceUtf8));
+      }
+    }
+
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  /** Builds info for a oneof member field. */
+  private static FieldInfo buildOneofMember(
+      Class<?> messageType,
+      FieldDescriptor fd,
+      OneofState oneofState,
+      boolean enforceUtf8,
+      Internal.EnumVerifier enumVerifier) {
+    OneofInfo oneof = oneofState.getOneof(messageType, fd.getContainingOneof());
+    FieldType type = getFieldType(fd);
+    Class<?> oneofStoredType = getOneofStoredType(messageType, fd, type);
+    return forOneofMemberField(
+        fd.getNumber(), type, oneof, oneofStoredType, enforceUtf8, enumVerifier);
+  }
+
+  private static Class<?> getOneofStoredType(
+      Class<?> messageType, FieldDescriptor fd, FieldType type) {
+    switch (type.getJavaType()) {
+      case BOOLEAN:
+        return Boolean.class;
+      case BYTE_STRING:
+        return ByteString.class;
+      case DOUBLE:
+        return Double.class;
+      case FLOAT:
+        return Float.class;
+      case ENUM:
+      case INT:
+        return Integer.class;
+      case LONG:
+        return Long.class;
+      case STRING:
+        return String.class;
+      case MESSAGE:
+        return getOneofStoredTypeForMessage(messageType, fd);
+      default:
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid type for oneof: " + type);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static FieldType getFieldType(FieldDescriptor fd) {
+    switch (fd.getType()) {
+      case BOOL:
+        if (!fd.isRepeated()) {
+          return FieldType.BOOL;
+        }
+        return fd.isPacked() ? FieldType.BOOL_LIST_PACKED : FieldType.BOOL_LIST;
+      case BYTES:
+        return fd.isRepeated() ? FieldType.BYTES_LIST : FieldType.BYTES;
+      case DOUBLE:
+        if (!fd.isRepeated()) {
+          return FieldType.DOUBLE;
+        }
+        return fd.isPacked() ? FieldType.DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED : FieldType.DOUBLE_LIST;
+      case ENUM:
+        if (!fd.isRepeated()) {
+          return FieldType.ENUM;
+        }
+        return fd.isPacked() ? FieldType.ENUM_LIST_PACKED : FieldType.ENUM_LIST;
+      case FIXED32:
+        if (!fd.isRepeated()) {
+          return FieldType.FIXED32;
+        }
+        return fd.isPacked() ? FieldType.FIXED32_LIST_PACKED : FieldType.FIXED32_LIST;
+      case FIXED64:
+        if (!fd.isRepeated()) {
+          return FieldType.FIXED64;
+        }
+        return fd.isPacked() ? FieldType.FIXED64_LIST_PACKED : FieldType.FIXED64_LIST;
+      case FLOAT:
+        if (!fd.isRepeated()) {
+          return FieldType.FLOAT;
+        }
+        return fd.isPacked() ? FieldType.FLOAT_LIST_PACKED : FieldType.FLOAT_LIST;
+      case GROUP:
+        return fd.isRepeated() ? FieldType.GROUP_LIST : FieldType.GROUP;
+      case INT32:
+        if (!fd.isRepeated()) {
+          return FieldType.INT32;
+        }
+        return fd.isPacked() ? FieldType.INT32_LIST_PACKED : FieldType.INT32_LIST;
+      case INT64:
+        if (!fd.isRepeated()) {
+          return FieldType.INT64;
+        }
+        return fd.isPacked() ? FieldType.INT64_LIST_PACKED : FieldType.INT64_LIST;
+      case MESSAGE:
+        if (fd.isMapField()) {
+          return FieldType.MAP;
+        }
+        return fd.isRepeated() ? FieldType.MESSAGE_LIST : FieldType.MESSAGE;
+      case SFIXED32:
+        if (!fd.isRepeated()) {
+          return FieldType.SFIXED32;
+        }
+        return fd.isPacked() ? FieldType.SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED : FieldType.SFIXED32_LIST;
+      case SFIXED64:
+        if (!fd.isRepeated()) {
+          return FieldType.SFIXED64;
+        }
+        return fd.isPacked() ? FieldType.SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED : FieldType.SFIXED64_LIST;
+      case SINT32:
+        if (!fd.isRepeated()) {
+          return FieldType.SINT32;
+        }
+        return fd.isPacked() ? FieldType.SINT32_LIST_PACKED : FieldType.SINT32_LIST;
+      case SINT64:
+        if (!fd.isRepeated()) {
+          return FieldType.SINT64;
+        }
+        return fd.isPacked() ? FieldType.SINT64_LIST_PACKED : FieldType.SINT64_LIST;
+      case STRING:
+        return fd.isRepeated() ? FieldType.STRING_LIST : FieldType.STRING;
+      case UINT32:
+        if (!fd.isRepeated()) {
+          return FieldType.UINT32;
+        }
+        return fd.isPacked() ? FieldType.UINT32_LIST_PACKED : FieldType.UINT32_LIST;
+      case UINT64:
+        if (!fd.isRepeated()) {
+          return FieldType.UINT64;
+        }
+        return fd.isPacked() ? FieldType.UINT64_LIST_PACKED : FieldType.UINT64_LIST;
+      default:
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported field type: " + fd.getType());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static Field bitField(Class<?> messageType, int index) {
+    return field(messageType, "bitField" + index + "_");
+  }
+
+  private static Field field(Class<?> messageType, FieldDescriptor fd) {
+    return field(messageType, getFieldName(fd));
+  }
+
+  private static Field cachedSizeField(Class<?> messageType, FieldDescriptor fd) {
+    return field(messageType, getCachedSizeFieldName(fd));
+  }
+
+  private static Field field(Class<?> messageType, String fieldName) {
+    try {
+      return messageType.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Unable to find field " + fieldName + " in message class " + messageType.getName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  static String getFieldName(FieldDescriptor fd) {
+    String name = (fd.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.GROUP)
+                  ? fd.getMessageType().getName()
+                  : fd.getName();
+    String suffix = specialFieldNames.contains(name) ? "__" : "_";
+    return snakeCaseToCamelCase(name) + suffix;
+  }
+
+  private static String getCachedSizeFieldName(FieldDescriptor fd) {
+    return snakeCaseToCamelCase(fd.getName()) + "MemoizedSerializedSize";
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This method must match exactly with the corresponding function in protocol compiler. See:
+   * https://github.com/google/protobuf/blob/v3.0.0/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.cc#L153
+   */
+  private static String snakeCaseToCamelCase(String snakeCase) {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(snakeCase.length() + 1);
+    boolean capNext = false;
+    for (int ctr = 0; ctr < snakeCase.length(); ctr++) {
+      char next = snakeCase.charAt(ctr);
+      if (next == '_') {
+        capNext = true;
+      } else if (Character.isDigit(next)) {
+        sb.append(next);
+        capNext = true;
+      } else if (capNext) {
+        sb.append(Character.toUpperCase(next));
+        capNext = false;
+      } else if (ctr == 0) {
+        sb.append(Character.toLowerCase(next));
+      } else {
+        sb.append(next);
+      }
+    }
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Inspects the message to identify the stored type for a message field that is part of a oneof.
+   */
+  private static Class<?> getOneofStoredTypeForMessage(Class<?> messageType, FieldDescriptor fd) {
+    try {
+      String name = fd.getType() == Type.GROUP ? fd.getMessageType().getName() : fd.getName();
+      Method getter = messageType.getDeclaredMethod(getterForField(name));
+      return getter.getReturnType();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Inspects the message to identify the message type of a repeated message field. */
+  private static Class<?> getTypeForRepeatedMessageField(Class<?> messageType, FieldDescriptor fd) {
+    try {
+      String name = fd.getType() == Type.GROUP ? fd.getMessageType().getName() : fd.getName();
+      Method getter = messageType.getDeclaredMethod(getterForField(name), int.class);
+      return getter.getReturnType();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Constructs the name of the get method for the given field in the proto. */
+  private static String getterForField(String snakeCase) {
+    String camelCase = snakeCaseToCamelCase(snakeCase);
+    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("get");
+    // Capitalize the first character in the field name.
+    builder.append(Character.toUpperCase(camelCase.charAt(0)));
+    builder.append(camelCase.substring(1, camelCase.length()));
+    return builder.toString();
+  }
+
+  private static final class OneofState {
+    private OneofInfo[] oneofs = new OneofInfo[2];
+
+    OneofInfo getOneof(Class<?> messageType, OneofDescriptor desc) {
+      int index = desc.getIndex();
+      if (index >= oneofs.length) {
+        // Grow the array.
+        oneofs = Arrays.copyOf(oneofs, index * 2);
+      }
+      OneofInfo info = oneofs[index];
+      if (info == null) {
+        info = newInfo(messageType, desc);
+        oneofs[index] = info;
+      }
+      return info;
+    }
+
+    private static OneofInfo newInfo(Class<?> messageType, OneofDescriptor desc) {
+      String camelCase = snakeCaseToCamelCase(desc.getName());
+      String valueFieldName = camelCase + "_";
+      String caseFieldName = camelCase + "Case_";
+
+      return new OneofInfo(
+          desc.getIndex(), field(messageType, caseFieldName), field(messageType, valueFieldName));
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Descriptors.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Descriptors.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a20829e56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Descriptors.java
@@ -0,0 +1,2672 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.DescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.EnumDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.EnumOptions;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.EnumValueDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.EnumValueOptions;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.FieldDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.FieldOptions;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.FileDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.FileOptions;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.MessageOptions;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.MethodDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.MethodOptions;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.OneofDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.OneofOptions;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.ServiceDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.ServiceOptions;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.Syntax;
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.WeakHashMap;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * Contains a collection of classes which describe protocol message types.
+ *
+ * <p>Every message type has a {@link Descriptor}, which lists all its fields and other information
+ * about a type. You can get a message type's descriptor by calling {@code
+ * MessageType.getDescriptor()}, or (given a message object of the type) {@code
+ * message.getDescriptorForType()}. Furthermore, each message is associated with a {@link
+ * FileDescriptor} for a relevant {@code .proto} file. You can obtain it by calling {@code
+ * Descriptor.getFile()}. A {@link FileDescriptor} contains descriptors for all the messages defined
+ * in that file, and file descriptors for all the imported {@code .proto} files.
+ *
+ * <p>Descriptors are built from DescriptorProtos, as defined in {@code
+ * google/protobuf/descriptor.proto}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public final class Descriptors {
+  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Descriptors.class.getName());
+  /**
+   * Describes a {@code .proto} file, including everything defined within. That includes, in
+   * particular, descriptors for all the messages and file descriptors for all other imported {@code
+   * .proto} files (dependencies).
+   */
+  public static final class FileDescriptor extends GenericDescriptor {
+    /** Convert the descriptor to its protocol message representation. */
+    @Override
+    public FileDescriptorProto toProto() {
+      return proto;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the file name. */
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+      return proto.getName();
+    }
+
+    /** Returns this object. */
+    @Override
+    public FileDescriptor getFile() {
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the same as getName(). */
+    @Override
+    public String getFullName() {
+      return proto.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the proto package name. This is the package name given by the {@code package} statement
+     * in the {@code .proto} file, which differs from the Java package.
+     */
+    public String getPackage() {
+      return proto.getPackage();
+    }
+
+    /** Get the {@code FileOptions}, defined in {@code descriptor.proto}. */
+    public FileOptions getOptions() {
+      return proto.getOptions();
+    }
+
+    /** Get a list of top-level message types declared in this file. */
+    public List<Descriptor> getMessageTypes() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(messageTypes));
+    }
+
+    /** Get a list of top-level enum types declared in this file. */
+    public List<EnumDescriptor> getEnumTypes() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(enumTypes));
+    }
+
+    /** Get a list of top-level services declared in this file. */
+    public List<ServiceDescriptor> getServices() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(services));
+    }
+
+    /** Get a list of top-level extensions declared in this file. */
+    public List<FieldDescriptor> getExtensions() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(extensions));
+    }
+
+    /** Get a list of this file's dependencies (imports). */
+    public List<FileDescriptor> getDependencies() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(dependencies));
+    }
+
+    /** Get a list of this file's public dependencies (public imports). */
+    public List<FileDescriptor> getPublicDependencies() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(publicDependencies));
+    }
+
+    /** The syntax of the .proto file. */
+    public enum Syntax {
+      UNKNOWN("unknown"),
+      PROTO2("proto2"),
+      PROTO3("proto3");
+
+      Syntax(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+      }
+
+      private final String name;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the syntax of the .proto file. */
+    public Syntax getSyntax() {
+      if (Syntax.PROTO3.name.equals(proto.getSyntax())) {
+        return Syntax.PROTO3;
+      }
+      return Syntax.PROTO2;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find a message type in the file by name. Does not find nested types.
+     *
+     * @param name The unqualified type name to look for.
+     * @return The message type's descriptor, or {@code null} if not found.
+     */
+    public Descriptor findMessageTypeByName(String name) {
+      // Don't allow looking up nested types.  This will make optimization
+      // easier later.
+      if (name.indexOf('.') != -1) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      final String packageName = getPackage();
+      if (!packageName.isEmpty()) {
+        name = packageName + '.' + name;
+      }
+      final GenericDescriptor result = pool.findSymbol(name);
+      if (result != null && result instanceof Descriptor && result.getFile() == this) {
+        return (Descriptor) result;
+      } else {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find an enum type in the file by name. Does not find nested types.
+     *
+     * @param name The unqualified type name to look for.
+     * @return The enum type's descriptor, or {@code null} if not found.
+     */
+    public EnumDescriptor findEnumTypeByName(String name) {
+      // Don't allow looking up nested types.  This will make optimization
+      // easier later.
+      if (name.indexOf('.') != -1) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      final String packageName = getPackage();
+      if (!packageName.isEmpty()) {
+        name = packageName + '.' + name;
+      }
+      final GenericDescriptor result = pool.findSymbol(name);
+      if (result != null && result instanceof EnumDescriptor && result.getFile() == this) {
+        return (EnumDescriptor) result;
+      } else {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find a service type in the file by name.
+     *
+     * @param name The unqualified type name to look for.
+     * @return The service type's descriptor, or {@code null} if not found.
+     */
+    public ServiceDescriptor findServiceByName(String name) {
+      // Don't allow looking up nested types.  This will make optimization
+      // easier later.
+      if (name.indexOf('.') != -1) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      final String packageName = getPackage();
+      if (!packageName.isEmpty()) {
+        name = packageName + '.' + name;
+      }
+      final GenericDescriptor result = pool.findSymbol(name);
+      if (result != null && result instanceof ServiceDescriptor && result.getFile() == this) {
+        return (ServiceDescriptor) result;
+      } else {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find an extension in the file by name. Does not find extensions nested inside message types.
+     *
+     * @param name The unqualified extension name to look for.
+     * @return The extension's descriptor, or {@code null} if not found.
+     */
+    public FieldDescriptor findExtensionByName(String name) {
+      if (name.indexOf('.') != -1) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      final String packageName = getPackage();
+      if (!packageName.isEmpty()) {
+        name = packageName + '.' + name;
+      }
+      final GenericDescriptor result = pool.findSymbol(name);
+      if (result != null && result instanceof FieldDescriptor && result.getFile() == this) {
+        return (FieldDescriptor) result;
+      } else {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a {@code FileDescriptor}.
+     *
+     * @param proto The protocol message form of the FileDescriptor.
+     * @param dependencies {@code FileDescriptor}s corresponding to all of the file's dependencies.
+     * @throws DescriptorValidationException {@code proto} is not a valid descriptor. This can occur
+     *     for a number of reasons, e.g. because a field has an undefined type or because two
+     *     messages were defined with the same name.
+     */
+    public static FileDescriptor buildFrom(
+        final FileDescriptorProto proto, final FileDescriptor[] dependencies)
+        throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      return buildFrom(proto, dependencies, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a {@code FileDescriptor}.
+     *
+     * @param proto The protocol message form of the FileDescriptor.
+     * @param dependencies {@code FileDescriptor}s corresponding to all of the file's dependencies.
+     * @param allowUnknownDependencies If true, non-exist dependenncies will be ignored and
+     *     undefined message types will be replaced with a placeholder type.
+     * @throws DescriptorValidationException {@code proto} is not a valid descriptor. This can occur
+     *     for a number of reasons, e.g. because a field has an undefined type or because two
+     *     messages were defined with the same name.
+     */
+    public static FileDescriptor buildFrom(
+        final FileDescriptorProto proto,
+        final FileDescriptor[] dependencies,
+        final boolean allowUnknownDependencies)
+        throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      // Building descriptors involves two steps:  translating and linking.
+      // In the translation step (implemented by FileDescriptor's
+      // constructor), we build an object tree mirroring the
+      // FileDescriptorProto's tree and put all of the descriptors into the
+      // DescriptorPool's lookup tables.  In the linking step, we look up all
+      // type references in the DescriptorPool, so that, for example, a
+      // FieldDescriptor for an embedded message contains a pointer directly
+      // to the Descriptor for that message's type.  We also detect undefined
+      // types in the linking step.
+      final DescriptorPool pool = new DescriptorPool(dependencies, allowUnknownDependencies);
+      final FileDescriptor result =
+          new FileDescriptor(proto, dependencies, pool, allowUnknownDependencies);
+      result.crossLink();
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] latin1Cat(final String[] strings) {
+      // Hack:  We can't embed a raw byte array inside generated Java code
+      //   (at least, not efficiently), but we can embed Strings.  So, the
+      //   protocol compiler embeds the FileDescriptorProto as a giant
+      //   string literal which is passed to this function to construct the
+      //   file's FileDescriptor.  The string literal contains only 8-bit
+      //   characters, each one representing a byte of the FileDescriptorProto's
+      //   serialized form.  So, if we convert it to bytes in ISO-8859-1, we
+      //   should get the original bytes that we want.
+      // Literal strings are limited to 64k, so it may be split into multiple strings.
+      if (strings.length == 1) {
+        return strings[0].getBytes(Internal.ISO_8859_1);
+      }
+      StringBuilder descriptorData = new StringBuilder();
+      for (String part : strings) {
+        descriptorData.append(part);
+      }
+      return descriptorData.toString().getBytes(Internal.ISO_8859_1);
+    }
+
+    private static FileDescriptor[] findDescriptors(
+        final Class<?> descriptorOuterClass,
+        final String[] dependencyClassNames,
+        final String[] dependencyFileNames) {
+      List<FileDescriptor> descriptors = new ArrayList<FileDescriptor>();
+      for (int i = 0; i < dependencyClassNames.length; i++) {
+        try {
+          Class<?> clazz = descriptorOuterClass.getClassLoader().loadClass(dependencyClassNames[i]);
+          descriptors.add((FileDescriptor) clazz.getField("descriptor").get(null));
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+          // We allow unknown dependencies by default. If a dependency cannot
+          // be found we only generate a warning.
+          logger.warning("Descriptors for \"" + dependencyFileNames[i] + "\" can not be found.");
+        }
+      }
+      return descriptors.toArray(new FileDescriptor[0]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is for backward compatibility with generated code which passed an
+     * InternalDescriptorAssigner.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static void internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(
+        final String[] descriptorDataParts,
+        final FileDescriptor[] dependencies,
+        final InternalDescriptorAssigner descriptorAssigner) {
+      final byte[] descriptorBytes = latin1Cat(descriptorDataParts);
+
+      FileDescriptorProto proto;
+      try {
+        proto = FileDescriptorProto.parseFrom(descriptorBytes);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Failed to parse protocol buffer descriptor for generated code.", e);
+      }
+
+      final FileDescriptor result;
+      try {
+        // When building descriptors for generated code, we allow unknown
+        // dependencies by default.
+        result = buildFrom(proto, dependencies, true);
+      } catch (DescriptorValidationException e) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Invalid embedded descriptor for \"" + proto.getName() + "\".", e);
+      }
+
+      final ExtensionRegistry registry = descriptorAssigner.assignDescriptors(result);
+
+      if (registry != null) {
+        // We must re-parse the proto using the registry.
+        try {
+          proto = FileDescriptorProto.parseFrom(descriptorBytes, registry);
+        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+              "Failed to parse protocol buffer descriptor for generated code.", e);
+        }
+
+        result.setProto(proto);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is to be called by generated code only. It is equivalent to {@code buildFrom}
+     * except that the {@code FileDescriptorProto} is encoded in protocol buffer wire format.
+     */
+    public static FileDescriptor internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(
+        final String[] descriptorDataParts,
+        final FileDescriptor[] dependencies) {
+      final byte[] descriptorBytes = latin1Cat(descriptorDataParts);
+
+      FileDescriptorProto proto;
+      try {
+        proto = FileDescriptorProto.parseFrom(descriptorBytes);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Failed to parse protocol buffer descriptor for generated code.", e);
+      }
+
+      try {
+        // When building descriptors for generated code, we allow unknown
+        // dependencies by default.
+        return buildFrom(proto, dependencies, true);
+      } catch (DescriptorValidationException e) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Invalid embedded descriptor for \"" + proto.getName() + "\".", e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is for backward compatibility with generated code which passed an
+     * InternalDescriptorAssigner.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static void internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(
+        final String[] descriptorDataParts,
+        final Class<?> descriptorOuterClass,
+        final String[] dependencyClassNames,
+        final String[] dependencyFileNames,
+        final InternalDescriptorAssigner descriptorAssigner) {
+      FileDescriptor[] dependencies = findDescriptors(
+          descriptorOuterClass, dependencyClassNames, dependencyFileNames);
+      internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(
+          descriptorDataParts, dependencies, descriptorAssigner);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is to be called by generated code only. It uses Java reflection to load the
+     * dependencies' descriptors.
+     */
+    public static FileDescriptor internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(
+        final String[] descriptorDataParts,
+        final Class<?> descriptorOuterClass,
+        final String[] dependencyClassNames,
+        final String[] dependencyFileNames) {
+      FileDescriptor[] dependencies = findDescriptors(
+          descriptorOuterClass, dependencyClassNames, dependencyFileNames);
+      return internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorDataParts, dependencies);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is to be called by generated code only. It is used to update the
+     * FileDescriptorProto associated with the descriptor by parsing it again with the given
+     * ExtensionRegistry. This is needed to recognize custom options.
+     */
+    public static void internalUpdateFileDescriptor(
+        final FileDescriptor descriptor, final ExtensionRegistry registry) {
+      ByteString bytes = descriptor.proto.toByteString();
+      FileDescriptorProto proto;
+      try {
+        proto = FileDescriptorProto.parseFrom(bytes, registry);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Failed to parse protocol buffer descriptor for generated code.", e);
+      }
+      descriptor.setProto(proto);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This class should be used by generated code only. When calling {@link
+     * FileDescriptor#internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom}, the caller provides a callback implementing
+     * this interface. The callback is called after the FileDescriptor has been constructed, in
+     * order to assign all the global variables defined in the generated code which point at parts
+     * of the FileDescriptor. The callback returns an ExtensionRegistry which contains any
+     * extensions which might be used in the descriptor -- that is, extensions of the various
+     * "Options" messages defined in descriptor.proto. The callback may also return null to indicate
+     * that no extensions are used in the descriptor.
+     *
+     * This interface is deprecated.  Use the return value of internalBuildGeneratedFrom() instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public interface InternalDescriptorAssigner {
+      ExtensionRegistry assignDescriptors(FileDescriptor root);
+    }
+
+    private FileDescriptorProto proto;
+    private final Descriptor[] messageTypes;
+    private final EnumDescriptor[] enumTypes;
+    private final ServiceDescriptor[] services;
+    private final FieldDescriptor[] extensions;
+    private final FileDescriptor[] dependencies;
+    private final FileDescriptor[] publicDependencies;
+    private final DescriptorPool pool;
+
+    private FileDescriptor(
+        final FileDescriptorProto proto,
+        final FileDescriptor[] dependencies,
+        final DescriptorPool pool,
+        boolean allowUnknownDependencies)
+        throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      this.pool = pool;
+      this.proto = proto;
+      this.dependencies = dependencies.clone();
+      HashMap<String, FileDescriptor> nameToFileMap = new HashMap<String, FileDescriptor>();
+      for (FileDescriptor file : dependencies) {
+        nameToFileMap.put(file.getName(), file);
+      }
+      List<FileDescriptor> publicDependencies = new ArrayList<FileDescriptor>();
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.getPublicDependencyCount(); i++) {
+        int index = proto.getPublicDependency(i);
+        if (index < 0 || index >= proto.getDependencyCount()) {
+          throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "Invalid public dependency index.");
+        }
+        String name = proto.getDependency(index);
+        FileDescriptor file = nameToFileMap.get(name);
+        if (file == null) {
+          if (!allowUnknownDependencies) {
+            throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "Invalid public dependency: " + name);
+          }
+          // Ignore unknown dependencies.
+        } else {
+          publicDependencies.add(file);
+        }
+      }
+      this.publicDependencies = new FileDescriptor[publicDependencies.size()];
+      publicDependencies.toArray(this.publicDependencies);
+
+      pool.addPackage(getPackage(), this);
+
+      messageTypes = new Descriptor[proto.getMessageTypeCount()];
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.getMessageTypeCount(); i++) {
+        messageTypes[i] = new Descriptor(proto.getMessageType(i), this, null, i);
+      }
+
+      enumTypes = new EnumDescriptor[proto.getEnumTypeCount()];
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.getEnumTypeCount(); i++) {
+        enumTypes[i] = new EnumDescriptor(proto.getEnumType(i), this, null, i);
+      }
+
+      services = new ServiceDescriptor[proto.getServiceCount()];
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.getServiceCount(); i++) {
+        services[i] = new ServiceDescriptor(proto.getService(i), this, i);
+      }
+
+      extensions = new FieldDescriptor[proto.getExtensionCount()];
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.getExtensionCount(); i++) {
+        extensions[i] = new FieldDescriptor(proto.getExtension(i), this, null, i, true);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Create a placeholder FileDescriptor for a message Descriptor. */
+    FileDescriptor(String packageName, Descriptor message) throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      this.pool = new DescriptorPool(new FileDescriptor[0], true);
+      this.proto =
+          FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+              .setName(message.getFullName() + ".placeholder.proto")
+              .setPackage(packageName)
+              .addMessageType(message.toProto())
+              .build();
+      this.dependencies = new FileDescriptor[0];
+      this.publicDependencies = new FileDescriptor[0];
+
+      messageTypes = new Descriptor[] {message};
+      enumTypes = new EnumDescriptor[0];
+      services = new ServiceDescriptor[0];
+      extensions = new FieldDescriptor[0];
+
+      pool.addPackage(packageName, this);
+      pool.addSymbol(message);
+    }
+
+    /** Look up and cross-link all field types, etc. */
+    private void crossLink() throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      for (final Descriptor messageType : messageTypes) {
+        messageType.crossLink();
+      }
+
+      for (final ServiceDescriptor service : services) {
+        service.crossLink();
+      }
+
+      for (final FieldDescriptor extension : extensions) {
+        extension.crossLink();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replace our {@link FileDescriptorProto} with the given one, which is identical except that it
+     * might contain extensions that weren't present in the original. This method is needed for
+     * bootstrapping when a file defines custom options. The options may be defined in the file
+     * itself, so we can't actually parse them until we've constructed the descriptors, but to
+     * construct the descriptors we have to have parsed the descriptor protos. So, we have to parse
+     * the descriptor protos a second time after constructing the descriptors.
+     */
+    private void setProto(final FileDescriptorProto proto) {
+      this.proto = proto;
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < messageTypes.length; i++) {
+        messageTypes[i].setProto(proto.getMessageType(i));
+      }
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < enumTypes.length; i++) {
+        enumTypes[i].setProto(proto.getEnumType(i));
+      }
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < services.length; i++) {
+        services[i].setProto(proto.getService(i));
+      }
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < extensions.length; i++) {
+        extensions[i].setProto(proto.getExtension(i));
+      }
+    }
+
+    boolean supportsUnknownEnumValue() {
+      return getSyntax() == Syntax.PROTO3;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** Describes a message type. */
+  public static final class Descriptor extends GenericDescriptor {
+    /**
+     * Get the index of this descriptor within its parent. In other words, given a {@link
+     * FileDescriptor} {@code file}, the following is true:
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *   for all i in [0, file.getMessageTypeCount()):
+     *     file.getMessageType(i).getIndex() == i
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * Similarly, for a {@link Descriptor} {@code messageType}:
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *   for all i in [0, messageType.getNestedTypeCount()):
+     *     messageType.getNestedType(i).getIndex() == i
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    public int getIndex() {
+      return index;
+    }
+
+    /** Convert the descriptor to its protocol message representation. */
+    @Override
+    public DescriptorProto toProto() {
+      return proto;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the type's unqualified name. */
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+      return proto.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the type's fully-qualified name, within the proto language's namespace. This differs from
+     * the Java name. For example, given this {@code .proto}:
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *   package foo.bar;
+     *   option java_package = "com.example.protos"
+     *   message Baz {}
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * {@code Baz}'s full name is "foo.bar.Baz".
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String getFullName() {
+      return fullName;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the {@link FileDescriptor} containing this descriptor. */
+    @Override
+    public FileDescriptor getFile() {
+      return file;
+    }
+
+    /** If this is a nested type, get the outer descriptor, otherwise null. */
+    public Descriptor getContainingType() {
+      return containingType;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the {@code MessageOptions}, defined in {@code descriptor.proto}. */
+    public MessageOptions getOptions() {
+      return proto.getOptions();
+    }
+
+    /** Get a list of this message type's fields. */
+    public List<FieldDescriptor> getFields() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(fields));
+    }
+
+    /** Get a list of this message type's oneofs. */
+    public List<OneofDescriptor> getOneofs() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(oneofs));
+    }
+
+    /** Get a list of this message type's extensions. */
+    public List<FieldDescriptor> getExtensions() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(extensions));
+    }
+
+    /** Get a list of message types nested within this one. */
+    public List<Descriptor> getNestedTypes() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(nestedTypes));
+    }
+
+    /** Get a list of enum types nested within this one. */
+    public List<EnumDescriptor> getEnumTypes() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(enumTypes));
+    }
+
+    /** Determines if the given field number is an extension. */
+    public boolean isExtensionNumber(final int number) {
+      for (final DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange range : proto.getExtensionRangeList()) {
+        if (range.getStart() <= number && number < range.getEnd()) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    /** Determines if the given field number is reserved. */
+    public boolean isReservedNumber(final int number) {
+      for (final DescriptorProto.ReservedRange range : proto.getReservedRangeList()) {
+        if (range.getStart() <= number && number < range.getEnd()) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    /** Determines if the given field name is reserved. */
+    public boolean isReservedName(final String name) {
+      checkNotNull(name);
+      for (final String reservedName : proto.getReservedNameList()) {
+        if (reservedName.equals(name)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether the message can be extended. That is, whether it has any "extensions x to
+     * y" ranges declared on it.
+     */
+    public boolean isExtendable() {
+      return proto.getExtensionRangeList().size() != 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds a field by name.
+     *
+     * @param name The unqualified name of the field (e.g. "foo").
+     * @return The field's descriptor, or {@code null} if not found.
+     */
+    public FieldDescriptor findFieldByName(final String name) {
+      final GenericDescriptor result = file.pool.findSymbol(fullName + '.' + name);
+      if (result != null && result instanceof FieldDescriptor) {
+        return (FieldDescriptor) result;
+      } else {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds a field by field number.
+     *
+     * @param number The field number within this message type.
+     * @return The field's descriptor, or {@code null} if not found.
+     */
+    public FieldDescriptor findFieldByNumber(final int number) {
+      return file.pool.fieldsByNumber.get(new DescriptorPool.DescriptorIntPair(this, number));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds a nested message type by name.
+     *
+     * @param name The unqualified name of the nested type (e.g. "Foo").
+     * @return The types's descriptor, or {@code null} if not found.
+     */
+    public Descriptor findNestedTypeByName(final String name) {
+      final GenericDescriptor result = file.pool.findSymbol(fullName + '.' + name);
+      if (result != null && result instanceof Descriptor) {
+        return (Descriptor) result;
+      } else {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds a nested enum type by name.
+     *
+     * @param name The unqualified name of the nested type (e.g. "Foo").
+     * @return The types's descriptor, or {@code null} if not found.
+     */
+    public EnumDescriptor findEnumTypeByName(final String name) {
+      final GenericDescriptor result = file.pool.findSymbol(fullName + '.' + name);
+      if (result != null && result instanceof EnumDescriptor) {
+        return (EnumDescriptor) result;
+      } else {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private final int index;
+    private DescriptorProto proto;
+    private final String fullName;
+    private final FileDescriptor file;
+    private final Descriptor containingType;
+    private final Descriptor[] nestedTypes;
+    private final EnumDescriptor[] enumTypes;
+    private final FieldDescriptor[] fields;
+    private final FieldDescriptor[] extensions;
+    private final OneofDescriptor[] oneofs;
+
+    // Used to create a placeholder when the type cannot be found.
+    Descriptor(final String fullname) throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      String name = fullname;
+      String packageName = "";
+      int pos = fullname.lastIndexOf('.');
+      if (pos != -1) {
+        name = fullname.substring(pos + 1);
+        packageName = fullname.substring(0, pos);
+      }
+      this.index = 0;
+      this.proto =
+          DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+              .setName(name)
+              .addExtensionRange(
+                  DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.newBuilder().setStart(1).setEnd(536870912).build())
+              .build();
+      this.fullName = fullname;
+      this.containingType = null;
+
+      this.nestedTypes = new Descriptor[0];
+      this.enumTypes = new EnumDescriptor[0];
+      this.fields = new FieldDescriptor[0];
+      this.extensions = new FieldDescriptor[0];
+      this.oneofs = new OneofDescriptor[0];
+
+      // Create a placeholder FileDescriptor to hold this message.
+      this.file = new FileDescriptor(packageName, this);
+    }
+
+    private Descriptor(
+        final DescriptorProto proto,
+        final FileDescriptor file,
+        final Descriptor parent,
+        final int index)
+        throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      this.index = index;
+      this.proto = proto;
+      fullName = computeFullName(file, parent, proto.getName());
+      this.file = file;
+      containingType = parent;
+
+      oneofs = new OneofDescriptor[proto.getOneofDeclCount()];
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.getOneofDeclCount(); i++) {
+        oneofs[i] = new OneofDescriptor(proto.getOneofDecl(i), file, this, i);
+      }
+
+      nestedTypes = new Descriptor[proto.getNestedTypeCount()];
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.getNestedTypeCount(); i++) {
+        nestedTypes[i] = new Descriptor(proto.getNestedType(i), file, this, i);
+      }
+
+      enumTypes = new EnumDescriptor[proto.getEnumTypeCount()];
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.getEnumTypeCount(); i++) {
+        enumTypes[i] = new EnumDescriptor(proto.getEnumType(i), file, this, i);
+      }
+
+      fields = new FieldDescriptor[proto.getFieldCount()];
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.getFieldCount(); i++) {
+        fields[i] = new FieldDescriptor(proto.getField(i), file, this, i, false);
+      }
+
+      extensions = new FieldDescriptor[proto.getExtensionCount()];
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.getExtensionCount(); i++) {
+        extensions[i] = new FieldDescriptor(proto.getExtension(i), file, this, i, true);
+      }
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.getOneofDeclCount(); i++) {
+        oneofs[i].fields = new FieldDescriptor[oneofs[i].getFieldCount()];
+        oneofs[i].fieldCount = 0;
+      }
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.getFieldCount(); i++) {
+        OneofDescriptor oneofDescriptor = fields[i].getContainingOneof();
+        if (oneofDescriptor != null) {
+          oneofDescriptor.fields[oneofDescriptor.fieldCount++] = fields[i];
+        }
+      }
+
+      file.pool.addSymbol(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Look up and cross-link all field types, etc. */
+    private void crossLink() throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      for (final Descriptor nestedType : nestedTypes) {
+        nestedType.crossLink();
+      }
+
+      for (final FieldDescriptor field : fields) {
+        field.crossLink();
+      }
+
+      for (final FieldDescriptor extension : extensions) {
+        extension.crossLink();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** See {@link FileDescriptor#setProto}. */
+    private void setProto(final DescriptorProto proto) {
+      this.proto = proto;
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < nestedTypes.length; i++) {
+        nestedTypes[i].setProto(proto.getNestedType(i));
+      }
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < oneofs.length; i++) {
+        oneofs[i].setProto(proto.getOneofDecl(i));
+      }
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < enumTypes.length; i++) {
+        enumTypes[i].setProto(proto.getEnumType(i));
+      }
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
+        fields[i].setProto(proto.getField(i));
+      }
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < extensions.length; i++) {
+        extensions[i].setProto(proto.getExtension(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** Describes a field of a message type. */
+  public static final class FieldDescriptor extends GenericDescriptor
+      implements Comparable<FieldDescriptor>, FieldSet.FieldDescriptorLite<FieldDescriptor> {
+    /**
+     * Get the index of this descriptor within its parent.
+     *
+     * @see Descriptors.Descriptor#getIndex()
+     */
+    public int getIndex() {
+      return index;
+    }
+
+    /** Convert the descriptor to its protocol message representation. */
+    @Override
+    public FieldDescriptorProto toProto() {
+      return proto;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the field's unqualified name. */
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+      return proto.getName();
+    }
+
+    /** Get the field's number. */
+    @Override
+    public int getNumber() {
+      return proto.getNumber();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the field's fully-qualified name.
+     *
+     * @see Descriptors.Descriptor#getFullName()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String getFullName() {
+      return fullName;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the JSON name of this field. */
+    public String getJsonName() {
+      return jsonName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the field's java type. This is just for convenience. Every {@code
+     * FieldDescriptorProto.Type} maps to exactly one Java type.
+     */
+    public JavaType getJavaType() {
+      return type.getJavaType();
+    }
+
+    /** For internal use only. */
+    @Override
+    public WireFormat.JavaType getLiteJavaType() {
+      return getLiteType().getJavaType();
+    }
+
+    /** Get the {@code FileDescriptor} containing this descriptor. */
+    @Override
+    public FileDescriptor getFile() {
+      return file;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the field's declared type. */
+    public Type getType() {
+      return type;
+    }
+
+    /** For internal use only. */
+    @Override
+    public WireFormat.FieldType getLiteType() {
+      return table[type.ordinal()];
+    }
+
+    /** For internal use only. */
+    public boolean needsUtf8Check() {
+      if (type != Type.STRING) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (getContainingType().getOptions().getMapEntry()) {
+        // Always enforce strict UTF-8 checking for map fields.
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (getFile().getSyntax() == Syntax.PROTO3) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return getFile().getOptions().getJavaStringCheckUtf8();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isMapField() {
+      return getType() == Type.MESSAGE
+          && isRepeated()
+          && getMessageType().getOptions().getMapEntry();
+    }
+
+    // I'm pretty sure values() constructs a new array every time, since there
+    // is nothing stopping the caller from mutating the array.  Therefore we
+    // make a static copy here.
+    private static final WireFormat.FieldType[] table = WireFormat.FieldType.values();
+
+    /** Is this field declared required? */
+    public boolean isRequired() {
+      return proto.getLabel() == FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_REQUIRED;
+    }
+
+    /** Is this field declared optional? */
+    public boolean isOptional() {
+      return proto.getLabel() == FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL;
+    }
+
+    /** Is this field declared repeated? */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isRepeated() {
+      return proto.getLabel() == FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_REPEATED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Does this field have the {@code [packed = true]} option or is this field packable in proto3
+     * and not explicitly setted to unpacked?
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isPacked() {
+      if (!isPackable()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (getFile().getSyntax() == FileDescriptor.Syntax.PROTO2) {
+        return getOptions().getPacked();
+      } else {
+        return !getOptions().hasPacked() || getOptions().getPacked();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Can this field be packed? i.e. is it a repeated primitive field? */
+    public boolean isPackable() {
+      return isRepeated() && getLiteType().isPackable();
+    }
+
+    /** Returns true if the field had an explicitly-defined default value. */
+    public boolean hasDefaultValue() {
+      return proto.hasDefaultValue();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the field's default value. Valid for all types except for messages and groups. For
+     * all other types, the object returned is of the same class that would returned by
+     * Message.getField(this).
+     */
+    public Object getDefaultValue() {
+      if (getJavaType() == JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "FieldDescriptor.getDefaultValue() called on an embedded message field.");
+      }
+      return defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the {@code FieldOptions}, defined in {@code descriptor.proto}. */
+    public FieldOptions getOptions() {
+      return proto.getOptions();
+    }
+
+    /** Is this field an extension? */
+    public boolean isExtension() {
+      return proto.hasExtendee();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the field's containing type. For extensions, this is the type being extended, not the
+     * location where the extension was defined. See {@link #getExtensionScope()}.
+     */
+    public Descriptor getContainingType() {
+      return containingType;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the field's containing oneof. */
+    public OneofDescriptor getContainingOneof() {
+      return containingOneof;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For extensions defined nested within message types, gets the outer type. Not valid for
+     * non-extension fields. For example, consider this {@code .proto} file:
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *   message Foo {
+     *     extensions 1000 to max;
+     *   }
+     *   extend Foo {
+     *     optional int32 baz = 1234;
+     *   }
+     *   message Bar {
+     *     extend Foo {
+     *       optional int32 qux = 4321;
+     *     }
+     *   }
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * Both {@code baz}'s and {@code qux}'s containing type is {@code Foo}. However, {@code baz}'s
+     * extension scope is {@code null} while {@code qux}'s extension scope is {@code Bar}.
+     */
+    public Descriptor getExtensionScope() {
+      if (!isExtension()) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            String.format("This field is not an extension. (%s)", fullName));
+      }
+      return extensionScope;
+    }
+
+    /** For embedded message and group fields, gets the field's type. */
+    public Descriptor getMessageType() {
+      if (getJavaType() != JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            String.format("This field is not of message type. (%s)", fullName));
+      }
+      return messageType;
+    }
+
+    /** For enum fields, gets the field's type. */
+    @Override
+    public EnumDescriptor getEnumType() {
+      if (getJavaType() != JavaType.ENUM) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            String.format("This field is not of enum type. (%s)", fullName));
+      }
+      return enumType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compare with another {@code FieldDescriptor}. This orders fields in "canonical" order, which
+     * simply means ascending order by field number. {@code other} must be a field of the same type
+     * -- i.e. {@code getContainingType()} must return the same {@code Descriptor} for both fields.
+     *
+     * @return negative, zero, or positive if {@code this} is less than, equal to, or greater than
+     *     {@code other}, respectively.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int compareTo(final FieldDescriptor other) {
+      if (other.containingType != containingType) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "FieldDescriptors can only be compared to other FieldDescriptors "
+                + "for fields of the same message type.");
+      }
+      return getNumber() - other.getNumber();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return getFullName();
+    }
+
+    private final int index;
+
+    private FieldDescriptorProto proto;
+    private final String fullName;
+    private final String jsonName;
+    private final FileDescriptor file;
+    private final Descriptor extensionScope;
+
+    // Possibly initialized during cross-linking.
+    private Type type;
+    private Descriptor containingType;
+    private Descriptor messageType;
+    private OneofDescriptor containingOneof;
+    private EnumDescriptor enumType;
+    private Object defaultValue;
+
+    public enum Type {
+      DOUBLE(JavaType.DOUBLE),
+      FLOAT(JavaType.FLOAT),
+      INT64(JavaType.LONG),
+      UINT64(JavaType.LONG),
+      INT32(JavaType.INT),
+      FIXED64(JavaType.LONG),
+      FIXED32(JavaType.INT),
+      BOOL(JavaType.BOOLEAN),
+      STRING(JavaType.STRING),
+      GROUP(JavaType.MESSAGE),
+      MESSAGE(JavaType.MESSAGE),
+      BYTES(JavaType.BYTE_STRING),
+      UINT32(JavaType.INT),
+      ENUM(JavaType.ENUM),
+      SFIXED32(JavaType.INT),
+      SFIXED64(JavaType.LONG),
+      SINT32(JavaType.INT),
+      SINT64(JavaType.LONG);
+
+      Type(final JavaType javaType) {
+        this.javaType = javaType;
+      }
+
+      private JavaType javaType;
+
+      public FieldDescriptorProto.Type toProto() {
+        return FieldDescriptorProto.Type.forNumber(ordinal() + 1);
+      }
+
+      public JavaType getJavaType() {
+        return javaType;
+      }
+
+      public static Type valueOf(final FieldDescriptorProto.Type type) {
+        return values()[type.getNumber() - 1];
+      }
+    }
+
+    static {
+      // Refuse to init if someone added a new declared type.
+      if (Type.values().length != FieldDescriptorProto.Type.values().length) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+            "descriptor.proto has a new declared type but Descriptors.java wasn't updated.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    public enum JavaType {
+      INT(0),
+      LONG(0L),
+      FLOAT(0F),
+      DOUBLE(0D),
+      BOOLEAN(false),
+      STRING(""),
+      BYTE_STRING(ByteString.EMPTY),
+      ENUM(null),
+      MESSAGE(null);
+
+      JavaType(final Object defaultDefault) {
+        this.defaultDefault = defaultDefault;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * The default default value for fields of this type, if it's a primitive type. This is meant
+       * for use inside this file only, hence is private.
+       */
+      private final Object defaultDefault;
+    }
+
+    // This method should match exactly with the ToJsonName() function in C++
+    // descriptor.cc.
+    private static String fieldNameToJsonName(String name) {
+      final int length = name.length();
+      StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(length);
+      boolean isNextUpperCase = false;
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        char ch = name.charAt(i);
+        if (ch == '_') {
+          isNextUpperCase = true;
+        } else if (isNextUpperCase) {
+          // This closely matches the logic for ASCII characters in:
+          // http://google3/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc?l=249-251&rcl=228891689
+          if ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') {
+            ch = (char) (ch - 'a' + 'A');
+          }
+          result.append(ch);
+          isNextUpperCase = false;
+        } else {
+          result.append(ch);
+        }
+      }
+      return result.toString();
+    }
+
+    private FieldDescriptor(
+        final FieldDescriptorProto proto,
+        final FileDescriptor file,
+        final Descriptor parent,
+        final int index,
+        final boolean isExtension)
+        throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      this.index = index;
+      this.proto = proto;
+      fullName = computeFullName(file, parent, proto.getName());
+      this.file = file;
+      if (proto.hasJsonName()) {
+        jsonName = proto.getJsonName();
+      } else {
+        jsonName = fieldNameToJsonName(proto.getName());
+      }
+
+      if (proto.hasType()) {
+        type = Type.valueOf(proto.getType());
+      }
+
+      if (getNumber() <= 0) {
+        throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "Field numbers must be positive integers.");
+      }
+
+      if (isExtension) {
+        if (!proto.hasExtendee()) {
+          throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+              this, "FieldDescriptorProto.extendee not set for extension field.");
+        }
+        containingType = null; // Will be filled in when cross-linking
+        if (parent != null) {
+          extensionScope = parent;
+        } else {
+          extensionScope = null;
+        }
+
+        if (proto.hasOneofIndex()) {
+          throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+              this, "FieldDescriptorProto.oneof_index set for extension field.");
+        }
+        containingOneof = null;
+      } else {
+        if (proto.hasExtendee()) {
+          throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+              this, "FieldDescriptorProto.extendee set for non-extension field.");
+        }
+        containingType = parent;
+
+        if (proto.hasOneofIndex()) {
+          if (proto.getOneofIndex() < 0
+              || proto.getOneofIndex() >= parent.toProto().getOneofDeclCount()) {
+            throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+                this,
+                "FieldDescriptorProto.oneof_index is out of range for type " + parent.getName());
+          }
+          containingOneof = parent.getOneofs().get(proto.getOneofIndex());
+          containingOneof.fieldCount++;
+        } else {
+          containingOneof = null;
+        }
+        extensionScope = null;
+      }
+
+      file.pool.addSymbol(this);
+    }
+
+    /** Look up and cross-link all field types, etc. */
+    private void crossLink() throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      if (proto.hasExtendee()) {
+        final GenericDescriptor extendee =
+            file.pool.lookupSymbol(
+                proto.getExtendee(), this, DescriptorPool.SearchFilter.TYPES_ONLY);
+        if (!(extendee instanceof Descriptor)) {
+          throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+              this, '\"' + proto.getExtendee() + "\" is not a message type.");
+        }
+        containingType = (Descriptor) extendee;
+
+        if (!getContainingType().isExtensionNumber(getNumber())) {
+          throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+              this,
+              '\"'
+                  + getContainingType().getFullName()
+                  + "\" does not declare "
+                  + getNumber()
+                  + " as an extension number.");
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (proto.hasTypeName()) {
+        final GenericDescriptor typeDescriptor =
+            file.pool.lookupSymbol(
+                proto.getTypeName(), this, DescriptorPool.SearchFilter.TYPES_ONLY);
+
+        if (!proto.hasType()) {
+          // Choose field type based on symbol.
+          if (typeDescriptor instanceof Descriptor) {
+            type = Type.MESSAGE;
+          } else if (typeDescriptor instanceof EnumDescriptor) {
+            type = Type.ENUM;
+          } else {
+            throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+                this, '\"' + proto.getTypeName() + "\" is not a type.");
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (getJavaType() == JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          if (!(typeDescriptor instanceof Descriptor)) {
+            throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+                this, '\"' + proto.getTypeName() + "\" is not a message type.");
+          }
+          messageType = (Descriptor) typeDescriptor;
+
+          if (proto.hasDefaultValue()) {
+            throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "Messages can't have default values.");
+          }
+        } else if (getJavaType() == JavaType.ENUM) {
+          if (!(typeDescriptor instanceof EnumDescriptor)) {
+            throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+                this, '\"' + proto.getTypeName() + "\" is not an enum type.");
+          }
+          enumType = (EnumDescriptor) typeDescriptor;
+        } else {
+          throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "Field with primitive type has type_name.");
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (getJavaType() == JavaType.MESSAGE || getJavaType() == JavaType.ENUM) {
+          throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+              this, "Field with message or enum type missing type_name.");
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Only repeated primitive fields may be packed.
+      if (proto.getOptions().getPacked() && !isPackable()) {
+        throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+            this, "[packed = true] can only be specified for repeated primitive fields.");
+      }
+
+      // We don't attempt to parse the default value until here because for
+      // enums we need the enum type's descriptor.
+      if (proto.hasDefaultValue()) {
+        if (isRepeated()) {
+          throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+              this, "Repeated fields cannot have default values.");
+        }
+
+        try {
+          switch (getType()) {
+            case INT32:
+            case SINT32:
+            case SFIXED32:
+              defaultValue = TextFormat.parseInt32(proto.getDefaultValue());
+              break;
+            case UINT32:
+            case FIXED32:
+              defaultValue = TextFormat.parseUInt32(proto.getDefaultValue());
+              break;
+            case INT64:
+            case SINT64:
+            case SFIXED64:
+              defaultValue = TextFormat.parseInt64(proto.getDefaultValue());
+              break;
+            case UINT64:
+            case FIXED64:
+              defaultValue = TextFormat.parseUInt64(proto.getDefaultValue());
+              break;
+            case FLOAT:
+              if (proto.getDefaultValue().equals("inf")) {
+                defaultValue = Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+              } else if (proto.getDefaultValue().equals("-inf")) {
+                defaultValue = Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+              } else if (proto.getDefaultValue().equals("nan")) {
+                defaultValue = Float.NaN;
+              } else {
+                defaultValue = Float.valueOf(proto.getDefaultValue());
+              }
+              break;
+            case DOUBLE:
+              if (proto.getDefaultValue().equals("inf")) {
+                defaultValue = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+              } else if (proto.getDefaultValue().equals("-inf")) {
+                defaultValue = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+              } else if (proto.getDefaultValue().equals("nan")) {
+                defaultValue = Double.NaN;
+              } else {
+                defaultValue = Double.valueOf(proto.getDefaultValue());
+              }
+              break;
+            case BOOL:
+              defaultValue = Boolean.valueOf(proto.getDefaultValue());
+              break;
+            case STRING:
+              defaultValue = proto.getDefaultValue();
+              break;
+            case BYTES:
+              try {
+                defaultValue = TextFormat.unescapeBytes(proto.getDefaultValue());
+              } catch (TextFormat.InvalidEscapeSequenceException e) {
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+                    this, "Couldn't parse default value: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+              }
+              break;
+            case ENUM:
+              defaultValue = enumType.findValueByName(proto.getDefaultValue());
+              if (defaultValue == null) {
+                throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+                    this, "Unknown enum default value: \"" + proto.getDefaultValue() + '\"');
+              }
+              break;
+            case MESSAGE:
+            case GROUP:
+              throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "Message type had default value.");
+          }
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+          throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+              this, "Could not parse default value: \"" + proto.getDefaultValue() + '\"', e);
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Determine the default default for this field.
+        if (isRepeated()) {
+          defaultValue = Collections.emptyList();
+        } else {
+          switch (getJavaType()) {
+            case ENUM:
+              // We guarantee elsewhere that an enum type always has at least
+              // one possible value.
+              defaultValue = enumType.getValues().get(0);
+              break;
+            case MESSAGE:
+              defaultValue = null;
+              break;
+            default:
+              defaultValue = getJavaType().defaultDefault;
+              break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!isExtension()) {
+        file.pool.addFieldByNumber(this);
+      }
+
+      if (containingType != null && containingType.getOptions().getMessageSetWireFormat()) {
+        if (isExtension()) {
+          if (!isOptional() || getType() != Type.MESSAGE) {
+            throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+                this, "Extensions of MessageSets must be optional messages.");
+          }
+        } else {
+          throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+              this, "MessageSets cannot have fields, only extensions.");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** See {@link FileDescriptor#setProto}. */
+    private void setProto(final FieldDescriptorProto proto) {
+      this.proto = proto;
+    }
+
+    /** For internal use only. This is to satisfy the FieldDescriptorLite interface. */
+    @Override
+    public MessageLite.Builder internalMergeFrom(MessageLite.Builder to, MessageLite from) {
+      // FieldDescriptors are only used with non-lite messages so we can just
+      // down-cast and call mergeFrom directly.
+      return ((Message.Builder) to).mergeFrom((Message) from);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** Describes an enum type. */
+  public static final class EnumDescriptor extends GenericDescriptor
+      implements Internal.EnumLiteMap<EnumValueDescriptor> {
+    /**
+     * Get the index of this descriptor within its parent.
+     *
+     * @see Descriptors.Descriptor#getIndex()
+     */
+    public int getIndex() {
+      return index;
+    }
+
+    /** Convert the descriptor to its protocol message representation. */
+    @Override
+    public EnumDescriptorProto toProto() {
+      return proto;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the type's unqualified name. */
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+      return proto.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the type's fully-qualified name.
+     *
+     * @see Descriptors.Descriptor#getFullName()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String getFullName() {
+      return fullName;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the {@link FileDescriptor} containing this descriptor. */
+    @Override
+    public FileDescriptor getFile() {
+      return file;
+    }
+
+    /** If this is a nested type, get the outer descriptor, otherwise null. */
+    public Descriptor getContainingType() {
+      return containingType;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the {@code EnumOptions}, defined in {@code descriptor.proto}. */
+    public EnumOptions getOptions() {
+      return proto.getOptions();
+    }
+
+    /** Get a list of defined values for this enum. */
+    public List<EnumValueDescriptor> getValues() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(values));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find an enum value by name.
+     *
+     * @param name The unqualified name of the value (e.g. "FOO").
+     * @return the value's descriptor, or {@code null} if not found.
+     */
+    public EnumValueDescriptor findValueByName(final String name) {
+      final GenericDescriptor result = file.pool.findSymbol(fullName + '.' + name);
+      if (result != null && result instanceof EnumValueDescriptor) {
+        return (EnumValueDescriptor) result;
+      } else {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find an enum value by number. If multiple enum values have the same number, this returns the
+     * first defined value with that number.
+     *
+     * @param number The value's number.
+     * @return the value's descriptor, or {@code null} if not found.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public EnumValueDescriptor findValueByNumber(final int number) {
+      return file.pool.enumValuesByNumber.get(new DescriptorPool.DescriptorIntPair(this, number));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the enum value for a number. If no enum value has this number, construct an
+     * EnumValueDescriptor for it.
+     */
+    public EnumValueDescriptor findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(final int number) {
+      EnumValueDescriptor result = findValueByNumber(number);
+      if (result != null) {
+        return result;
+      }
+      // The number represents an unknown enum value.
+      synchronized (this) {
+        // Descriptors are compared by object identity so for the same number
+        // we need to return the same EnumValueDescriptor object. This means
+        // we have to store created EnumValueDescriptors. However, as there
+        // are potentially 2G unknown enum values, storing all of these
+        // objects persistently will consume lots of memory for long-running
+        // services and it's also unnecessary as not many EnumValueDescriptors
+        // will be used at the same time.
+        //
+        // To solve the problem we take advantage of Java's weak references and
+        // rely on gc to release unused descriptors.
+        //
+        // Here is how it works:
+        //   * We store unknown EnumValueDescriptors in a WeakHashMap with the
+        //     value being a weak reference to the descriptor.
+        //   * The descriptor holds a strong reference to the key so as long
+        //     as the EnumValueDescriptor is in use, the key will be there
+        //     and the corresponding map entry will be there. Following-up
+        //     queries with the same number will return the same descriptor.
+        //   * If the user no longer uses an unknown EnumValueDescriptor,
+        //     it will be gc-ed since we only hold a weak reference to it in
+        //     the map. The key in the corresponding map entry will also be
+        //     gc-ed as the only strong reference to it is in the descriptor
+        //     which is just gc-ed. With the key being gone WeakHashMap will
+        //     then remove the whole entry. This way unknown descriptors will
+        //     be freed automatically and we don't need to do anything to
+        //     clean-up unused map entries.
+
+        // Note: We must use "new Integer(number)" here because we don't want
+        // these Integer objects to be cached.
+        Integer key = new Integer(number);
+        WeakReference<EnumValueDescriptor> reference = unknownValues.get(key);
+        if (reference != null) {
+          result = reference.get();
+        }
+        if (result == null) {
+          result = new EnumValueDescriptor(file, this, key);
+          unknownValues.put(key, new WeakReference<EnumValueDescriptor>(result));
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    // Used in tests only.
+    int getUnknownEnumValueDescriptorCount() {
+      return unknownValues.size();
+    }
+
+    private final int index;
+    private EnumDescriptorProto proto;
+    private final String fullName;
+    private final FileDescriptor file;
+    private final Descriptor containingType;
+    private EnumValueDescriptor[] values;
+    private final WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<EnumValueDescriptor>> unknownValues =
+        new WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<EnumValueDescriptor>>();
+
+    private EnumDescriptor(
+        final EnumDescriptorProto proto,
+        final FileDescriptor file,
+        final Descriptor parent,
+        final int index)
+        throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      this.index = index;
+      this.proto = proto;
+      fullName = computeFullName(file, parent, proto.getName());
+      this.file = file;
+      containingType = parent;
+
+      if (proto.getValueCount() == 0) {
+        // We cannot allow enums with no values because this would mean there
+        // would be no valid default value for fields of this type.
+        throw new DescriptorValidationException(this, "Enums must contain at least one value.");
+      }
+
+      values = new EnumValueDescriptor[proto.getValueCount()];
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.getValueCount(); i++) {
+        values[i] = new EnumValueDescriptor(proto.getValue(i), file, this, i);
+      }
+
+      file.pool.addSymbol(this);
+    }
+
+    /** See {@link FileDescriptor#setProto}. */
+    private void setProto(final EnumDescriptorProto proto) {
+      this.proto = proto;
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+        values[i].setProto(proto.getValue(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * Describes one value within an enum type. Note that multiple defined values may have the same
+   * number. In generated Java code, all values with the same number after the first become aliases
+   * of the first. However, they still have independent EnumValueDescriptors.
+   */
+  public static final class EnumValueDescriptor extends GenericDescriptor
+      implements Internal.EnumLite {
+    /**
+     * Get the index of this descriptor within its parent.
+     *
+     * @see Descriptors.Descriptor#getIndex()
+     */
+    public int getIndex() {
+      return index;
+    }
+
+    /** Convert the descriptor to its protocol message representation. */
+    @Override
+    public EnumValueDescriptorProto toProto() {
+      return proto;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the value's unqualified name. */
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+      return proto.getName();
+    }
+
+    /** Get the value's number. */
+    @Override
+    public int getNumber() {
+      return proto.getNumber();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return proto.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the value's fully-qualified name.
+     *
+     * @see Descriptors.Descriptor#getFullName()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String getFullName() {
+      return fullName;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the {@link FileDescriptor} containing this descriptor. */
+    @Override
+    public FileDescriptor getFile() {
+      return file;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the value's enum type. */
+    public EnumDescriptor getType() {
+      return type;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the {@code EnumValueOptions}, defined in {@code descriptor.proto}. */
+    public EnumValueOptions getOptions() {
+      return proto.getOptions();
+    }
+
+    private final int index;
+    private EnumValueDescriptorProto proto;
+    private final String fullName;
+    private final FileDescriptor file;
+    private final EnumDescriptor type;
+
+    private EnumValueDescriptor(
+        final EnumValueDescriptorProto proto,
+        final FileDescriptor file,
+        final EnumDescriptor parent,
+        final int index)
+        throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      this.index = index;
+      this.proto = proto;
+      this.file = file;
+      type = parent;
+
+      fullName = parent.getFullName() + '.' + proto.getName();
+
+      file.pool.addSymbol(this);
+      file.pool.addEnumValueByNumber(this);
+    }
+
+    // Create an unknown enum value.
+    private EnumValueDescriptor(
+        final FileDescriptor file, final EnumDescriptor parent, final Integer number) {
+      String name = "UNKNOWN_ENUM_VALUE_" + parent.getName() + "_" + number;
+      EnumValueDescriptorProto proto =
+          EnumValueDescriptorProto.newBuilder().setName(name).setNumber(number).build();
+      this.index = -1;
+      this.proto = proto;
+      this.file = file;
+      this.type = parent;
+      this.fullName = parent.getFullName() + '.' + proto.getName();
+
+      // Don't add this descriptor into pool.
+    }
+
+    /** See {@link FileDescriptor#setProto}. */
+    private void setProto(final EnumValueDescriptorProto proto) {
+      this.proto = proto;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** Describes a service type. */
+  public static final class ServiceDescriptor extends GenericDescriptor {
+    /**
+     * Get the index of this descriptor within its parent. * @see Descriptors.Descriptor#getIndex()
+     */
+    public int getIndex() {
+      return index;
+    }
+
+    /** Convert the descriptor to its protocol message representation. */
+    @Override
+    public ServiceDescriptorProto toProto() {
+      return proto;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the type's unqualified name. */
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+      return proto.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the type's fully-qualified name.
+     *
+     * @see Descriptors.Descriptor#getFullName()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String getFullName() {
+      return fullName;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the {@link FileDescriptor} containing this descriptor. */
+    @Override
+    public FileDescriptor getFile() {
+      return file;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the {@code ServiceOptions}, defined in {@code descriptor.proto}. */
+    public ServiceOptions getOptions() {
+      return proto.getOptions();
+    }
+
+    /** Get a list of methods for this service. */
+    public List<MethodDescriptor> getMethods() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(methods));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find a method by name.
+     *
+     * @param name The unqualified name of the method (e.g. "Foo").
+     * @return the method's descriptor, or {@code null} if not found.
+     */
+    public MethodDescriptor findMethodByName(final String name) {
+      final GenericDescriptor result = file.pool.findSymbol(fullName + '.' + name);
+      if (result != null && result instanceof MethodDescriptor) {
+        return (MethodDescriptor) result;
+      } else {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private final int index;
+    private ServiceDescriptorProto proto;
+    private final String fullName;
+    private final FileDescriptor file;
+    private MethodDescriptor[] methods;
+
+    private ServiceDescriptor(
+        final ServiceDescriptorProto proto, final FileDescriptor file, final int index)
+        throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      this.index = index;
+      this.proto = proto;
+      fullName = computeFullName(file, null, proto.getName());
+      this.file = file;
+
+      methods = new MethodDescriptor[proto.getMethodCount()];
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.getMethodCount(); i++) {
+        methods[i] = new MethodDescriptor(proto.getMethod(i), file, this, i);
+      }
+
+      file.pool.addSymbol(this);
+    }
+
+    private void crossLink() throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      for (final MethodDescriptor method : methods) {
+        method.crossLink();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** See {@link FileDescriptor#setProto}. */
+    private void setProto(final ServiceDescriptorProto proto) {
+      this.proto = proto;
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
+        methods[i].setProto(proto.getMethod(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** Describes one method within a service type. */
+  public static final class MethodDescriptor extends GenericDescriptor {
+    /**
+     * Get the index of this descriptor within its parent. * @see Descriptors.Descriptor#getIndex()
+     */
+    public int getIndex() {
+      return index;
+    }
+
+    /** Convert the descriptor to its protocol message representation. */
+    @Override
+    public MethodDescriptorProto toProto() {
+      return proto;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the method's unqualified name. */
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+      return proto.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the method's fully-qualified name.
+     *
+     * @see Descriptors.Descriptor#getFullName()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String getFullName() {
+      return fullName;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the {@link FileDescriptor} containing this descriptor. */
+    @Override
+    public FileDescriptor getFile() {
+      return file;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the method's service type. */
+    public ServiceDescriptor getService() {
+      return service;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the method's input type. */
+    public Descriptor getInputType() {
+      return inputType;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the method's output type. */
+    public Descriptor getOutputType() {
+      return outputType;
+    }
+
+    /** Get whether or not the inputs are streaming. */
+    public boolean isClientStreaming() {
+      return proto.getClientStreaming();
+    }
+
+    /** Get whether or not the outputs are streaming. */
+    public boolean isServerStreaming() {
+      return proto.getServerStreaming();
+    }
+
+    /** Get the {@code MethodOptions}, defined in {@code descriptor.proto}. */
+    public MethodOptions getOptions() {
+      return proto.getOptions();
+    }
+
+    private final int index;
+    private MethodDescriptorProto proto;
+    private final String fullName;
+    private final FileDescriptor file;
+    private final ServiceDescriptor service;
+
+    // Initialized during cross-linking.
+    private Descriptor inputType;
+    private Descriptor outputType;
+
+    private MethodDescriptor(
+        final MethodDescriptorProto proto,
+        final FileDescriptor file,
+        final ServiceDescriptor parent,
+        final int index)
+        throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      this.index = index;
+      this.proto = proto;
+      this.file = file;
+      service = parent;
+
+      fullName = parent.getFullName() + '.' + proto.getName();
+
+      file.pool.addSymbol(this);
+    }
+
+    private void crossLink() throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      final GenericDescriptor input =
+          file.pool.lookupSymbol(
+              proto.getInputType(), this, DescriptorPool.SearchFilter.TYPES_ONLY);
+      if (!(input instanceof Descriptor)) {
+        throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+            this, '\"' + proto.getInputType() + "\" is not a message type.");
+      }
+      inputType = (Descriptor) input;
+
+      final GenericDescriptor output =
+          file.pool.lookupSymbol(
+              proto.getOutputType(), this, DescriptorPool.SearchFilter.TYPES_ONLY);
+      if (!(output instanceof Descriptor)) {
+        throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+            this, '\"' + proto.getOutputType() + "\" is not a message type.");
+      }
+      outputType = (Descriptor) output;
+    }
+
+    /** See {@link FileDescriptor#setProto}. */
+    private void setProto(final MethodDescriptorProto proto) {
+      this.proto = proto;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  private static String computeFullName(
+      final FileDescriptor file, final Descriptor parent, final String name) {
+    if (parent != null) {
+      return parent.getFullName() + '.' + name;
+    }
+
+    final String packageName = file.getPackage();
+    if (!packageName.isEmpty()) {
+      return packageName + '.' + name;
+    }
+
+    return name;
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * All descriptors implement this to make it easier to implement tools like {@code
+   * DescriptorPool}.
+   */
+  public abstract static class GenericDescriptor {
+
+    // Private constructor to prevent subclasses outside of com.google.protobuf.Descriptors
+    private GenericDescriptor() {}
+
+    public abstract Message toProto();
+
+    public abstract String getName();
+
+    public abstract String getFullName();
+
+    public abstract FileDescriptor getFile();
+  }
+
+  /** Thrown when building descriptors fails because the source DescriptorProtos are not valid. */
+  public static class DescriptorValidationException extends Exception {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5750205775490483148L;
+
+    /** Gets the full name of the descriptor where the error occurred. */
+    public String getProblemSymbolName() {
+      return name;
+    }
+
+    /** Gets the protocol message representation of the invalid descriptor. */
+    public Message getProblemProto() {
+      return proto;
+    }
+
+    /** Gets a human-readable description of the error. */
+    public String getDescription() {
+      return description;
+    }
+
+    private final String name;
+    private final Message proto;
+    private final String description;
+
+    private DescriptorValidationException(
+        final GenericDescriptor problemDescriptor, final String description) {
+      super(problemDescriptor.getFullName() + ": " + description);
+
+      // Note that problemDescriptor may be partially uninitialized, so we
+      // don't want to expose it directly to the user.  So, we only provide
+      // the name and the original proto.
+      name = problemDescriptor.getFullName();
+      proto = problemDescriptor.toProto();
+      this.description = description;
+    }
+
+    private DescriptorValidationException(
+        final GenericDescriptor problemDescriptor,
+        final String description,
+        final Throwable cause) {
+      this(problemDescriptor, description);
+      initCause(cause);
+    }
+
+    private DescriptorValidationException(
+        final FileDescriptor problemDescriptor, final String description) {
+      super(problemDescriptor.getName() + ": " + description);
+
+      // Note that problemDescriptor may be partially uninitialized, so we
+      // don't want to expose it directly to the user.  So, we only provide
+      // the name and the original proto.
+      name = problemDescriptor.getName();
+      proto = problemDescriptor.toProto();
+      this.description = description;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * A private helper class which contains lookup tables containing all the descriptors defined in a
+   * particular file.
+   */
+  private static final class DescriptorPool {
+
+    /** Defines what subclass of descriptors to search in the descriptor pool. */
+    enum SearchFilter {
+      TYPES_ONLY,
+      AGGREGATES_ONLY,
+      ALL_SYMBOLS
+    }
+
+    DescriptorPool(final FileDescriptor[] dependencies, boolean allowUnknownDependencies) {
+      this.dependencies = new HashSet<FileDescriptor>();
+      this.allowUnknownDependencies = allowUnknownDependencies;
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < dependencies.length; i++) {
+        this.dependencies.add(dependencies[i]);
+        importPublicDependencies(dependencies[i]);
+      }
+
+      for (final FileDescriptor dependency : this.dependencies) {
+        try {
+          addPackage(dependency.getPackage(), dependency);
+        } catch (DescriptorValidationException e) {
+          // Can't happen, because addPackage() only fails when the name
+          // conflicts with a non-package, but we have not yet added any
+          // non-packages at this point.
+          throw new AssertionError(e);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Find and put public dependencies of the file into dependencies set. */
+    private void importPublicDependencies(final FileDescriptor file) {
+      for (FileDescriptor dependency : file.getPublicDependencies()) {
+        if (dependencies.add(dependency)) {
+          importPublicDependencies(dependency);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    private final Set<FileDescriptor> dependencies;
+    private boolean allowUnknownDependencies;
+
+    private final Map<String, GenericDescriptor> descriptorsByName =
+        new HashMap<String, GenericDescriptor>();
+    private final Map<DescriptorIntPair, FieldDescriptor> fieldsByNumber =
+        new HashMap<DescriptorIntPair, FieldDescriptor>();
+    private final Map<DescriptorIntPair, EnumValueDescriptor> enumValuesByNumber =
+        new HashMap<DescriptorIntPair, EnumValueDescriptor>();
+
+    /** Find a generic descriptor by fully-qualified name. */
+    GenericDescriptor findSymbol(final String fullName) {
+      return findSymbol(fullName, SearchFilter.ALL_SYMBOLS);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find a descriptor by fully-qualified name and given option to only search valid field type
+     * descriptors.
+     */
+    GenericDescriptor findSymbol(final String fullName, final SearchFilter filter) {
+      GenericDescriptor result = descriptorsByName.get(fullName);
+      if (result != null) {
+        if ((filter == SearchFilter.ALL_SYMBOLS)
+            || ((filter == SearchFilter.TYPES_ONLY) && isType(result))
+            || ((filter == SearchFilter.AGGREGATES_ONLY) && isAggregate(result))) {
+          return result;
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (final FileDescriptor dependency : dependencies) {
+        result = dependency.pool.descriptorsByName.get(fullName);
+        if (result != null) {
+          if ((filter == SearchFilter.ALL_SYMBOLS)
+              || ((filter == SearchFilter.TYPES_ONLY) && isType(result))
+              || ((filter == SearchFilter.AGGREGATES_ONLY) && isAggregate(result))) {
+            return result;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    /** Checks if the descriptor is a valid type for a message field. */
+    boolean isType(GenericDescriptor descriptor) {
+      return (descriptor instanceof Descriptor) || (descriptor instanceof EnumDescriptor);
+    }
+
+    /** Checks if the descriptor is a valid namespace type. */
+    boolean isAggregate(GenericDescriptor descriptor) {
+      return (descriptor instanceof Descriptor)
+          || (descriptor instanceof EnumDescriptor)
+          || (descriptor instanceof PackageDescriptor)
+          || (descriptor instanceof ServiceDescriptor);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Look up a type descriptor by name, relative to some other descriptor. The name may be
+     * fully-qualified (with a leading '.'), partially-qualified, or unqualified. C++-like name
+     * lookup semantics are used to search for the matching descriptor.
+     */
+    GenericDescriptor lookupSymbol(
+        final String name,
+        final GenericDescriptor relativeTo,
+        final DescriptorPool.SearchFilter filter)
+        throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      // TODO(kenton):  This could be optimized in a number of ways.
+
+      GenericDescriptor result;
+      String fullname;
+      if (name.startsWith(".")) {
+        // Fully-qualified name.
+        fullname = name.substring(1);
+        result = findSymbol(fullname, filter);
+      } else {
+        // If "name" is a compound identifier, we want to search for the
+        // first component of it, then search within it for the rest.
+        // If name is something like "Foo.Bar.baz", and symbols named "Foo" are
+        // defined in multiple parent scopes, we only want to find "Bar.baz" in
+        // the innermost one.  E.g., the following should produce an error:
+        //   message Bar { message Baz {} }
+        //   message Foo {
+        //     message Bar {
+        //     }
+        //     optional Bar.Baz baz = 1;
+        //   }
+        // So, we look for just "Foo" first, then look for "Bar.baz" within it
+        // if found.
+        final int firstPartLength = name.indexOf('.');
+        final String firstPart;
+        if (firstPartLength == -1) {
+          firstPart = name;
+        } else {
+          firstPart = name.substring(0, firstPartLength);
+        }
+
+        // We will search each parent scope of "relativeTo" looking for the
+        // symbol.
+        final StringBuilder scopeToTry = new StringBuilder(relativeTo.getFullName());
+
+        while (true) {
+          // Chop off the last component of the scope.
+          final int dotpos = scopeToTry.lastIndexOf(".");
+          if (dotpos == -1) {
+            fullname = name;
+            result = findSymbol(name, filter);
+            break;
+          } else {
+            scopeToTry.setLength(dotpos + 1);
+
+            // Append firstPart and try to find
+            scopeToTry.append(firstPart);
+            result = findSymbol(scopeToTry.toString(), DescriptorPool.SearchFilter.AGGREGATES_ONLY);
+
+            if (result != null) {
+              if (firstPartLength != -1) {
+                // We only found the first part of the symbol.  Now look for
+                // the whole thing.  If this fails, we *don't* want to keep
+                // searching parent scopes.
+                scopeToTry.setLength(dotpos + 1);
+                scopeToTry.append(name);
+                result = findSymbol(scopeToTry.toString(), filter);
+              }
+              fullname = scopeToTry.toString();
+              break;
+            }
+
+            // Not found.  Remove the name so we can try again.
+            scopeToTry.setLength(dotpos);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (result == null) {
+        if (allowUnknownDependencies && filter == SearchFilter.TYPES_ONLY) {
+          logger.warning(
+              "The descriptor for message type \""
+                  + name
+                  + "\" can not be found and a placeholder is created for it");
+          // We create a dummy message descriptor here regardless of the
+          // expected type. If the type should be message, this dummy
+          // descriptor will work well and if the type should be enum, a
+          // DescriptorValidationException will be thrown latter. In either
+          // case, the code works as expected: we allow unknown message types
+          // but not unknown enum types.
+          result = new Descriptor(fullname);
+          // Add the placeholder file as a dependency so we can find the
+          // placeholder symbol when resolving other references.
+          this.dependencies.add(result.getFile());
+          return result;
+        } else {
+          throw new DescriptorValidationException(relativeTo, '\"' + name + "\" is not defined.");
+        }
+      } else {
+        return result;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a symbol to the symbol table. If a symbol with the same name already exists, throws an
+     * error.
+     */
+    void addSymbol(final GenericDescriptor descriptor) throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      validateSymbolName(descriptor);
+
+      final String fullName = descriptor.getFullName();
+
+      final GenericDescriptor old = descriptorsByName.put(fullName, descriptor);
+      if (old != null) {
+        descriptorsByName.put(fullName, old);
+
+        if (descriptor.getFile() == old.getFile()) {
+          final int dotpos = fullName.lastIndexOf('.');
+          if (dotpos == -1) {
+            throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+                descriptor, '\"' + fullName + "\" is already defined.");
+          } else {
+            throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+                descriptor,
+                '\"'
+                    + fullName.substring(dotpos + 1)
+                    + "\" is already defined in \""
+                    + fullName.substring(0, dotpos)
+                    + "\".");
+          }
+        } else {
+          throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+              descriptor,
+              '\"'
+                  + fullName
+                  + "\" is already defined in file \""
+                  + old.getFile().getName()
+                  + "\".");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a package in the symbol table. We use PackageDescriptors just as placeholders so
+     * that someone cannot define, say, a message type that has the same name as an existing
+     * package.
+     */
+    private static final class PackageDescriptor extends GenericDescriptor {
+      @Override
+      public Message toProto() {
+        return file.toProto();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public String getName() {
+        return name;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public String getFullName() {
+        return fullName;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public FileDescriptor getFile() {
+        return file;
+      }
+
+      PackageDescriptor(final String name, final String fullName, final FileDescriptor file) {
+        this.file = file;
+        this.fullName = fullName;
+        this.name = name;
+      }
+
+      private final String name;
+      private final String fullName;
+      private final FileDescriptor file;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a package to the symbol tables. If a package by the same name already exists, that is
+     * fine, but if some other kind of symbol exists under the same name, an exception is thrown. If
+     * the package has multiple components, this also adds the parent package(s).
+     */
+    void addPackage(final String fullName, final FileDescriptor file)
+        throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      final int dotpos = fullName.lastIndexOf('.');
+      final String name;
+      if (dotpos == -1) {
+        name = fullName;
+      } else {
+        addPackage(fullName.substring(0, dotpos), file);
+        name = fullName.substring(dotpos + 1);
+      }
+
+      final GenericDescriptor old =
+          descriptorsByName.put(fullName, new PackageDescriptor(name, fullName, file));
+      if (old != null) {
+        descriptorsByName.put(fullName, old);
+        if (!(old instanceof PackageDescriptor)) {
+          throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+              file,
+              '\"'
+                  + name
+                  + "\" is already defined (as something other than a "
+                  + "package) in file \""
+                  + old.getFile().getName()
+                  + "\".");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** A (GenericDescriptor, int) pair, used as a map key. */
+    private static final class DescriptorIntPair {
+      private final GenericDescriptor descriptor;
+      private final int number;
+
+      DescriptorIntPair(final GenericDescriptor descriptor, final int number) {
+        this.descriptor = descriptor;
+        this.number = number;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int hashCode() {
+        return descriptor.hashCode() * ((1 << 16) - 1) + number;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
+        if (!(obj instanceof DescriptorIntPair)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        final DescriptorIntPair other = (DescriptorIntPair) obj;
+        return descriptor == other.descriptor && number == other.number;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a field to the fieldsByNumber table. Throws an exception if a field with the same
+     * containing type and number already exists.
+     */
+    void addFieldByNumber(final FieldDescriptor field) throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      final DescriptorIntPair key =
+          new DescriptorIntPair(field.getContainingType(), field.getNumber());
+      final FieldDescriptor old = fieldsByNumber.put(key, field);
+      if (old != null) {
+        fieldsByNumber.put(key, old);
+        throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+            field,
+            "Field number "
+                + field.getNumber()
+                + " has already been used in \""
+                + field.getContainingType().getFullName()
+                + "\" by field \""
+                + old.getName()
+                + "\".");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds an enum value to the enumValuesByNumber table. If an enum value with the same type and
+     * number already exists, does nothing. (This is allowed; the first value define with the number
+     * takes precedence.)
+     */
+    void addEnumValueByNumber(final EnumValueDescriptor value) {
+      final DescriptorIntPair key = new DescriptorIntPair(value.getType(), value.getNumber());
+      final EnumValueDescriptor old = enumValuesByNumber.put(key, value);
+      if (old != null) {
+        enumValuesByNumber.put(key, old);
+        // Not an error:  Multiple enum values may have the same number, but
+        // we only want the first one in the map.
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that the descriptor's name is valid (i.e. it contains only letters, digits, and
+     * underscores, and does not start with a digit).
+     */
+    static void validateSymbolName(final GenericDescriptor descriptor)
+        throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      final String name = descriptor.getName();
+      if (name.length() == 0) {
+        throw new DescriptorValidationException(descriptor, "Missing name.");
+      }
+
+      // Non-ASCII characters are not valid in protobuf identifiers, even
+      // if they are letters or digits.
+      // The first character must be a letter or '_'.
+      // Subsequent characters may be letters, numbers, or digits.
+      for (int i = 0; i < name.length(); i++) {
+        final char c = name.charAt(i);
+        if (('a' <= c && c <= 'z') || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z')
+          || (c == '_')
+          || ('0' <= c && c <= '9' && i > 0)) {
+          // Valid
+          continue;
+        }
+        throw new DescriptorValidationException(
+            descriptor, '\"' + name + "\" is not a valid identifier.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Describes an oneof of a message type. */
+  public static final class OneofDescriptor extends GenericDescriptor {
+    /** Get the index of this descriptor within its parent. */
+    public int getIndex() {
+      return index;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+      return proto.getName();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public FileDescriptor getFile() {
+      return file;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getFullName() {
+      return fullName;
+    }
+
+    public Descriptor getContainingType() {
+      return containingType;
+    }
+
+    public int getFieldCount() {
+      return fieldCount;
+    }
+
+    public OneofOptions getOptions() {
+      return proto.getOptions();
+    }
+
+    /** Get a list of this message type's fields. */
+    public List<FieldDescriptor> getFields() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(fields));
+    }
+
+    public FieldDescriptor getField(int index) {
+      return fields[index];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public OneofDescriptorProto toProto() {
+      return proto;
+    }
+
+    private void setProto(final OneofDescriptorProto proto) {
+      this.proto = proto;
+    }
+
+    private OneofDescriptor(
+        final OneofDescriptorProto proto,
+        final FileDescriptor file,
+        final Descriptor parent,
+        final int index)
+        throws DescriptorValidationException {
+      this.proto = proto;
+      fullName = computeFullName(file, parent, proto.getName());
+      this.file = file;
+      this.index = index;
+
+      containingType = parent;
+      fieldCount = 0;
+    }
+
+    private final int index;
+    private OneofDescriptorProto proto;
+    private final String fullName;
+    private final FileDescriptor file;
+
+    private Descriptor containingType;
+    private int fieldCount;
+    private FieldDescriptor[] fields;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DiscardUnknownFieldsParser.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DiscardUnknownFieldsParser.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2378adce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DiscardUnknownFieldsParser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/** Parsers to discard unknown fields during parsing. */
+public final class DiscardUnknownFieldsParser {
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps a given {@link Parser} into a new {@link Parser} that discards unknown fields during
+   * parsing.
+   *
+   * <p>Usage example:
+   *
+   * <pre>{@code
+   * private final static Parser<Foo> FOO_PARSER = DiscardUnknownFieldsParser.wrap(Foo.parser());
+   * Foo parseFooDiscardUnknown(ByteBuffer input) throws IOException {
+   *   return FOO_PARSER.parseFrom(input);
+   * }
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * <p>Like all other implementations of {@code Parser}, this parser is stateless and thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @param parser The delegated parser that parses messages.
+   * @return a {@link Parser} that will discard unknown fields during parsing.
+   */
+  public static final <T extends Message> Parser<T> wrap(final Parser<T> parser) {
+    return new AbstractParser<T>() {
+      @Override
+      public T parsePartialFrom(CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+          throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        try {
+          input.discardUnknownFields();
+          return parser.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+        } finally {
+          input.unsetDiscardUnknownFields();
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  private DiscardUnknownFieldsParser() {}
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DoubleArrayList.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DoubleArrayList.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac14949e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DoubleArrayList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.DoubleList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.RandomAccess;
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of {@link DoubleList} on top of a primitive array.
+ *
+ * @author dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+ */
+final class DoubleArrayList extends AbstractProtobufList<Double>
+    implements DoubleList, RandomAccess, PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection {
+
+  private static final DoubleArrayList EMPTY_LIST = new DoubleArrayList(new double[0], 0);
+  static {
+    EMPTY_LIST.makeImmutable();
+  }
+
+  public static DoubleArrayList emptyList() {
+    return EMPTY_LIST;
+  }
+
+  /** The backing store for the list. */
+  private double[] array;
+
+  /**
+   * The size of the list distinct from the length of the array. That is, it is the number of
+   * elements set in the list.
+   */
+  private int size;
+
+  /** Constructs a new mutable {@code DoubleArrayList} with default capacity. */
+  DoubleArrayList() {
+    this(new double[DEFAULT_CAPACITY], 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new mutable {@code DoubleArrayList} containing the same elements as {@code other}.
+   */
+  private DoubleArrayList(double[] other, int size) {
+    array = other;
+    this.size = size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (toIndex < fromIndex) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("toIndex < fromIndex");
+    }
+
+    System.arraycopy(array, toIndex, array, fromIndex, size - toIndex);
+    size -= (toIndex - fromIndex);
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!(o instanceof DoubleArrayList)) {
+      return super.equals(o);
+    }
+    DoubleArrayList other = (DoubleArrayList) o;
+    if (size != other.size) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    final double[] arr = other.array;
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      if (Double.doubleToLongBits(array[i]) != Double.doubleToLongBits(arr[i])) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    int result = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      long bits = Double.doubleToLongBits(array[i]);
+      result = (31 * result) + Internal.hashLong(bits);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public DoubleList mutableCopyWithCapacity(int capacity) {
+    if (capacity < size) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+    }
+    return new DoubleArrayList(Arrays.copyOf(array, capacity), size);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Double get(int index) {
+    return getDouble(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double getDouble(int index) {
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    return array[index];
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int size() {
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Double set(int index, Double element) {
+    return setDouble(index, element);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public double setDouble(int index, double element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    double previousValue = array[index];
+    array[index] = element;
+    return previousValue;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean add(Double element) {
+    addDouble(element);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void add(int index, Double element) {
+    addDouble(index, element);
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #add(Double)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+  @Override
+  public void addDouble(double element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (size == array.length) {
+      // Resize to 1.5x the size
+      int length = ((size * 3) / 2) + 1;
+      double[] newArray = new double[length];
+
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, size);
+      array = newArray;
+    }
+
+    array[size++] = element;
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #add(int, Double)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+  private void addDouble(int index, double element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (index < 0 || index > size) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(index));
+    }
+
+    if (size < array.length) {
+      // Shift everything over to make room
+      System.arraycopy(array, index, array, index + 1, size - index);
+    } else {
+      // Resize to 1.5x the size
+      int length = ((size * 3) / 2) + 1;
+      double[] newArray = new double[length];
+
+      // Copy the first part directly
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, index);
+
+      // Copy the rest shifted over by one to make room
+      System.arraycopy(array, index, newArray, index + 1, size - index);
+      array = newArray;
+    }
+
+    array[index] = element;
+    size++;
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends Double> collection) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+
+    checkNotNull(collection);
+
+    // We specialize when adding another DoubleArrayList to avoid boxing elements.
+    if (!(collection instanceof DoubleArrayList)) {
+      return super.addAll(collection);
+    }
+
+    DoubleArrayList list = (DoubleArrayList) collection;
+    if (list.size == 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    int overflow = Integer.MAX_VALUE - size;
+    if (overflow < list.size) {
+      // We can't actually represent a list this large.
+      throw new OutOfMemoryError();
+    }
+
+    int newSize = size + list.size;
+    if (newSize > array.length) {
+      array = Arrays.copyOf(array, newSize);
+    }
+
+    System.arraycopy(list.array, 0, array, size, list.size);
+    size = newSize;
+    modCount++;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean remove(Object o) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      if (o.equals(array[i])) {
+        System.arraycopy(array, i + 1, array, i, size - i - 1);
+        size--;
+        modCount++;
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Double remove(int index) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    double value = array[index];
+    if (index < size - 1) {
+      System.arraycopy(array, index + 1, array, index, size - index - 1);
+    }
+    size--;
+    modCount++;
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the provided {@code index} is within the range of {@code [0, size]}. Throws an
+   * {@link IndexOutOfBoundsException} if it is not.
+   *
+   * @param index the index to verify is in range
+   */
+  private void ensureIndexInRange(int index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(index));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private String makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(int index) {
+    return "Index:" + index + ", Size:" + size;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DynamicMessage.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DynamicMessage.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63dda6b9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/DynamicMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,679 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of {@link Message} that can represent arbitrary types, given a {@link
+ * Descriptors.Descriptor}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public final class DynamicMessage extends AbstractMessage {
+  private final Descriptor type;
+  private final FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> fields;
+  private final FieldDescriptor[] oneofCases;
+  private final UnknownFieldSet unknownFields;
+  private int memoizedSize = -1;
+
+  /**
+   * Construct a {@code DynamicMessage} using the given {@code FieldSet}. oneofCases stores the
+   * FieldDescriptor for each oneof to indicate which field is set. Caller should make sure the
+   * array is immutable.
+   *
+   * <p>This constructor is package private and will be used in {@code DynamicMutableMessage} to
+   * convert a mutable message to an immutable message.
+   */
+  DynamicMessage(
+      Descriptor type,
+      FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> fields,
+      FieldDescriptor[] oneofCases,
+      UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+    this.type = type;
+    this.fields = fields;
+    this.oneofCases = oneofCases;
+    this.unknownFields = unknownFields;
+  }
+
+  /** Get a {@code DynamicMessage} representing the default instance of the given type. */
+  public static DynamicMessage getDefaultInstance(Descriptor type) {
+    int oneofDeclCount = type.toProto().getOneofDeclCount();
+    FieldDescriptor[] oneofCases = new FieldDescriptor[oneofDeclCount];
+    return new DynamicMessage(
+        type,
+        FieldSet.<FieldDescriptor>emptySet(),
+        oneofCases,
+        UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance());
+  }
+
+
+  /** Parse a message of the given type from the given input stream. */
+  public static DynamicMessage parseFrom(Descriptor type, CodedInputStream input)
+      throws IOException {
+    return newBuilder(type).mergeFrom(input).buildParsed();
+  }
+
+  /** Parse a message of the given type from the given input stream. */
+  public static DynamicMessage parseFrom(
+      Descriptor type, CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    return newBuilder(type).mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry).buildParsed();
+  }
+
+  /** Parse {@code data} as a message of the given type and return it. */
+  public static DynamicMessage parseFrom(Descriptor type, ByteString data)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return newBuilder(type).mergeFrom(data).buildParsed();
+  }
+
+  /** Parse {@code data} as a message of the given type and return it. */
+  public static DynamicMessage parseFrom(
+      Descriptor type, ByteString data, ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return newBuilder(type).mergeFrom(data, extensionRegistry).buildParsed();
+  }
+
+  /** Parse {@code data} as a message of the given type and return it. */
+  public static DynamicMessage parseFrom(Descriptor type, byte[] data)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return newBuilder(type).mergeFrom(data).buildParsed();
+  }
+
+  /** Parse {@code data} as a message of the given type and return it. */
+  public static DynamicMessage parseFrom(
+      Descriptor type, byte[] data, ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return newBuilder(type).mergeFrom(data, extensionRegistry).buildParsed();
+  }
+
+  /** Parse a message of the given type from {@code input} and return it. */
+  public static DynamicMessage parseFrom(Descriptor type, InputStream input) throws IOException {
+    return newBuilder(type).mergeFrom(input).buildParsed();
+  }
+
+  /** Parse a message of the given type from {@code input} and return it. */
+  public static DynamicMessage parseFrom(
+      Descriptor type, InputStream input, ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+    return newBuilder(type).mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry).buildParsed();
+  }
+
+  /** Construct a {@link Message.Builder} for the given type. */
+  public static Builder newBuilder(Descriptor type) {
+    return new Builder(type);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Construct a {@link Message.Builder} for a message of the same type as {@code prototype}, and
+   * initialize it with {@code prototype}'s contents.
+   */
+  public static Builder newBuilder(Message prototype) {
+    return new Builder(prototype.getDescriptorForType()).mergeFrom(prototype);
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Implementation of Message interface.
+
+  @Override
+  public Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
+    return type;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public DynamicMessage getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+    return getDefaultInstance(type);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+    return fields.getAllFields();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean hasOneof(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+    verifyOneofContainingType(oneof);
+    FieldDescriptor field = oneofCases[oneof.getIndex()];
+    if (field == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public FieldDescriptor getOneofFieldDescriptor(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+    verifyOneofContainingType(oneof);
+    return oneofCases[oneof.getIndex()];
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean hasField(FieldDescriptor field) {
+    verifyContainingType(field);
+    return fields.hasField(field);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object getField(FieldDescriptor field) {
+    verifyContainingType(field);
+    Object result = fields.getField(field);
+    if (result == null) {
+      if (field.isRepeated()) {
+        result = Collections.emptyList();
+      } else if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        result = getDefaultInstance(field.getMessageType());
+      } else {
+        result = field.getDefaultValue();
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getRepeatedFieldCount(FieldDescriptor field) {
+    verifyContainingType(field);
+    return fields.getRepeatedFieldCount(field);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object getRepeatedField(FieldDescriptor field, int index) {
+    verifyContainingType(field);
+    return fields.getRepeatedField(field, index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
+    return unknownFields;
+  }
+
+  static boolean isInitialized(Descriptor type, FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> fields) {
+    // Check that all required fields are present.
+    for (final FieldDescriptor field : type.getFields()) {
+      if (field.isRequired()) {
+        if (!fields.hasField(field)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Check that embedded messages are initialized.
+    return fields.isInitialized();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isInitialized() {
+    return isInitialized(type, fields);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeTo(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    if (type.getOptions().getMessageSetWireFormat()) {
+      fields.writeMessageSetTo(output);
+      unknownFields.writeAsMessageSetTo(output);
+    } else {
+      fields.writeTo(output);
+      unknownFields.writeTo(output);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    int size = memoizedSize;
+    if (size != -1) return size;
+
+    if (type.getOptions().getMessageSetWireFormat()) {
+      size = fields.getMessageSetSerializedSize();
+      size += unknownFields.getSerializedSizeAsMessageSet();
+    } else {
+      size = fields.getSerializedSize();
+      size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
+    }
+
+    memoizedSize = size;
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Builder newBuilderForType() {
+    return new Builder(type);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Builder toBuilder() {
+    return newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Parser<DynamicMessage> getParserForType() {
+    return new AbstractParser<DynamicMessage>() {
+      @Override
+      public DynamicMessage parsePartialFrom(
+          CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+          throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        Builder builder = newBuilder(type);
+        try {
+          builder.mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+          throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(e).setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+        }
+        return builder.buildPartial();
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** Verifies that the field is a field of this message. */
+  private void verifyContainingType(FieldDescriptor field) {
+    if (field.getContainingType() != type) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("FieldDescriptor does not match message type.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Verifies that the oneof is an oneof of this message. */
+  private void verifyOneofContainingType(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+    if (oneof.getContainingType() != type) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("OneofDescriptor does not match message type.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** Builder for {@link DynamicMessage}s. */
+  public static final class Builder extends AbstractMessage.Builder<Builder> {
+    private final Descriptor type;
+    private FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> fields;
+    private final FieldDescriptor[] oneofCases;
+    private UnknownFieldSet unknownFields;
+
+    /** Construct a {@code Builder} for the given type. */
+    private Builder(Descriptor type) {
+      this.type = type;
+      this.fields = FieldSet.newFieldSet();
+      this.unknownFields = UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance();
+      this.oneofCases = new FieldDescriptor[type.toProto().getOneofDeclCount()];
+      // A MapEntry has all of its fields present at all times.
+      if (type.getOptions().getMapEntry()) {
+        populateMapEntry();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void populateMapEntry() {
+      for (FieldDescriptor field : type.getFields()) {
+        if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          fields.setField(field, getDefaultInstance(field.getMessageType()));
+        } else {
+          fields.setField(field, field.getDefaultValue());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Implementation of Message.Builder interface.
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder clear() {
+      if (fields.isImmutable()) {
+        fields = FieldSet.newFieldSet();
+      } else {
+        fields.clear();
+      }
+      // A MapEntry has all of its fields present at all times.
+      if (type.getOptions().getMapEntry()) {
+        populateMapEntry();
+      }
+      unknownFields = UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(Message other) {
+      if (other instanceof DynamicMessage) {
+        // This should be somewhat faster than calling super.mergeFrom().
+        DynamicMessage otherDynamicMessage = (DynamicMessage) other;
+        if (otherDynamicMessage.type != type) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+              "mergeFrom(Message) can only merge messages of the same type.");
+        }
+        ensureIsMutable();
+        fields.mergeFrom(otherDynamicMessage.fields);
+        mergeUnknownFields(otherDynamicMessage.unknownFields);
+        for (int i = 0; i < oneofCases.length; i++) {
+          if (oneofCases[i] == null) {
+            oneofCases[i] = otherDynamicMessage.oneofCases[i];
+          } else {
+            if ((otherDynamicMessage.oneofCases[i] != null)
+                && (oneofCases[i] != otherDynamicMessage.oneofCases[i])) {
+              fields.clearField(oneofCases[i]);
+              oneofCases[i] = otherDynamicMessage.oneofCases[i];
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        return this;
+      } else {
+        return super.mergeFrom(other);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DynamicMessage build() {
+      if (!isInitialized()) {
+        throw newUninitializedMessageException(
+            new DynamicMessage(
+                type,
+                fields,
+                java.util.Arrays.copyOf(oneofCases, oneofCases.length),
+                unknownFields));
+      }
+      return buildPartial();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for DynamicMessage.parseFrom() methods to call. Throws {@link
+     * InvalidProtocolBufferException} instead of {@link UninitializedMessageException}.
+     */
+    private DynamicMessage buildParsed() throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (!isInitialized()) {
+        throw newUninitializedMessageException(
+                new DynamicMessage(
+                    type,
+                    fields,
+                    java.util.Arrays.copyOf(oneofCases, oneofCases.length),
+                    unknownFields))
+            .asInvalidProtocolBufferException();
+      }
+      return buildPartial();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DynamicMessage buildPartial() {
+      fields.makeImmutable();
+      DynamicMessage result =
+          new DynamicMessage(
+              type, fields, java.util.Arrays.copyOf(oneofCases, oneofCases.length), unknownFields);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder clone() {
+      Builder result = new Builder(type);
+      result.fields.mergeFrom(fields);
+      result.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+      System.arraycopy(oneofCases, 0, result.oneofCases, 0, oneofCases.length);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isInitialized() {
+      return DynamicMessage.isInitialized(type, fields);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
+      return type;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DynamicMessage getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+      return getDefaultInstance(type);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+      return fields.getAllFields();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder newBuilderForField(FieldDescriptor field) {
+      verifyContainingType(field);
+
+      if (field.getJavaType() != FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "newBuilderForField is only valid for fields with message type.");
+      }
+
+      return new Builder(field.getMessageType());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasOneof(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      verifyOneofContainingType(oneof);
+      FieldDescriptor field = oneofCases[oneof.getIndex()];
+      if (field == null) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public FieldDescriptor getOneofFieldDescriptor(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      verifyOneofContainingType(oneof);
+      return oneofCases[oneof.getIndex()];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder clearOneof(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      verifyOneofContainingType(oneof);
+      FieldDescriptor field = oneofCases[oneof.getIndex()];
+      if (field != null) {
+        clearField(field);
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasField(FieldDescriptor field) {
+      verifyContainingType(field);
+      return fields.hasField(field);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getField(FieldDescriptor field) {
+      verifyContainingType(field);
+      Object result = fields.getField(field);
+      if (result == null) {
+        if (field.isRepeated()) {
+          result = Collections.emptyList();
+        } else if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          result = getDefaultInstance(field.getMessageType());
+        } else {
+          result = field.getDefaultValue();
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder setField(FieldDescriptor field, Object value) {
+      verifyContainingType(field);
+      ensureIsMutable();
+      // TODO(xiaofeng): This check should really be put in FieldSet.setField()
+      // where all other such checks are done. However, currently
+      // FieldSet.setField() permits Integer value for enum fields probably
+      // because of some internal features we support. Should figure it out
+      // and move this check to a more appropriate place.
+      if (field.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM) {
+        ensureEnumValueDescriptor(field, value);
+      }
+      OneofDescriptor oneofDescriptor = field.getContainingOneof();
+      if (oneofDescriptor != null) {
+        int index = oneofDescriptor.getIndex();
+        FieldDescriptor oldField = oneofCases[index];
+        if ((oldField != null) && (oldField != field)) {
+          fields.clearField(oldField);
+        }
+        oneofCases[index] = field;
+      } else if (field.getFile().getSyntax() == Descriptors.FileDescriptor.Syntax.PROTO3) {
+        if (!field.isRepeated()
+            && field.getJavaType() != FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE
+            && value.equals(field.getDefaultValue())) {
+          // In proto3, setting a field to its default value is equivalent to clearing the field.
+          fields.clearField(field);
+          return this;
+        }
+      }
+      fields.setField(field, value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder clearField(FieldDescriptor field) {
+      verifyContainingType(field);
+      ensureIsMutable();
+      OneofDescriptor oneofDescriptor = field.getContainingOneof();
+      if (oneofDescriptor != null) {
+        int index = oneofDescriptor.getIndex();
+        if (oneofCases[index] == field) {
+          oneofCases[index] = null;
+        }
+      }
+      fields.clearField(field);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getRepeatedFieldCount(FieldDescriptor field) {
+      verifyContainingType(field);
+      return fields.getRepeatedFieldCount(field);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getRepeatedField(FieldDescriptor field, int index) {
+      verifyContainingType(field);
+      return fields.getRepeatedField(field, index);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder setRepeatedField(FieldDescriptor field, int index, Object value) {
+      verifyContainingType(field);
+      ensureIsMutable();
+      fields.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder addRepeatedField(FieldDescriptor field, Object value) {
+      verifyContainingType(field);
+      ensureIsMutable();
+      fields.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
+      return unknownFields;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder setUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      this.unknownFields = unknownFields;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder mergeUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      this.unknownFields =
+          UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder(this.unknownFields).mergeFrom(unknownFields).build();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Verifies that the field is a field of this message. */
+    private void verifyContainingType(FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.getContainingType() != type) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("FieldDescriptor does not match message type.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Verifies that the oneof is an oneof of this message. */
+    private void verifyOneofContainingType(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      if (oneof.getContainingType() != type) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("OneofDescriptor does not match message type.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Verifies that the value is EnumValueDescriptor and matches Enum Type. */
+    private void ensureSingularEnumValueDescriptor(FieldDescriptor field, Object value) {
+      checkNotNull(value);
+      if (!(value instanceof EnumValueDescriptor)) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "DynamicMessage should use EnumValueDescriptor to set Enum Value.");
+      }
+      // TODO(xiaofeng): Re-enable this check after Orgstore is fixed to not
+      // set incorrect EnumValueDescriptors.
+      // EnumDescriptor fieldType = field.getEnumType();
+      // EnumDescriptor fieldValueType = ((EnumValueDescriptor) value).getType();
+      // if (fieldType != fieldValueType) {
+      //  throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
+      //      "EnumDescriptor %s of field doesn't match EnumDescriptor %s of field value",
+      //      fieldType.getFullName(), fieldValueType.getFullName()));
+      // }
+    }
+
+    /** Verifies the value for an enum field. */
+    private void ensureEnumValueDescriptor(FieldDescriptor field, Object value) {
+      if (field.isRepeated()) {
+        for (Object item : (List) value) {
+          ensureSingularEnumValueDescriptor(field, item);
+        }
+      } else {
+        ensureSingularEnumValueDescriptor(field, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void ensureIsMutable() {
+      if (fields.isImmutable()) {
+        fields = fields.clone();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder getFieldBuilder(FieldDescriptor field) {
+      // TODO(xiangl): need implementation for dynamic message
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getFieldBuilder() called on a dynamic message type.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder getRepeatedFieldBuilder(
+        FieldDescriptor field, int index) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getRepeatedFieldBuilder() called on a dynamic message type.");
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalApi.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalApi.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d55b278c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalApi.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
+import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+/**
+ * Indicates a public API that can change at any time, and has no guarantee of API stability and
+ * backward-compatibility.
+ *
+ * <p>Usage guidelines:
+ *
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>This annotation is used only on public API. Internal interfaces should not use it.
+ *   <li>This annotation should only be added to new APIs. Adding it to an existing API is
+ *       considered API-breaking.
+ *   <li>Removing this annotation from an API gives it stable status.
+ * </ol>
+ */
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+@Target({
+  ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE,
+  ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR,
+  ElementType.FIELD,
+  ElementType.METHOD,
+  ElementType.PACKAGE,
+  ElementType.TYPE
+})
+@Documented
+public @interface ExperimentalApi {
+  /** Context information such as links to discussion thread, tracking issue etc. */
+  String value() default "";
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Extension.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Extension.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30c828e57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Extension.java
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+// TODO(chrisn): Change ContainingType to extend Message
+/**
+ * Interface that generated extensions implement.
+ *
+ * @author liujisi@google.com (Jisi Liu)
+ */
+public abstract class Extension<ContainingType extends MessageLite, Type>
+    extends ExtensionLite<ContainingType, Type> {
+  // TODO(chrisn): Add package-private constructor.
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} Overridden to return {@link Message} instead of {@link MessageLite}. */
+  @Override
+  public abstract Message getMessageDefaultInstance();
+
+  /** Returns the descriptor of the extension. */
+  public abstract Descriptors.FieldDescriptor getDescriptor();
+
+  /** Returns whether or not this extension is a Lite Extension. */
+  @Override
+  final boolean isLite() {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // All the methods below are extension implementation details.
+
+  /** The API type that the extension is used for. */
+  protected enum ExtensionType {
+    IMMUTABLE,
+    MUTABLE,
+    PROTO1,
+  }
+
+  protected abstract ExtensionType getExtensionType();
+
+  /** Type of a message extension. */
+  public enum MessageType {
+    PROTO1,
+    PROTO2,
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * If the extension is a message extension (i.e., getLiteType() == MESSAGE), returns the type of
+   * the message, otherwise undefined.
+   */
+  public MessageType getMessageType() {
+    return MessageType.PROTO2;
+  }
+
+  protected abstract Object fromReflectionType(Object value);
+
+  protected abstract Object singularFromReflectionType(Object value);
+
+  protected abstract Object toReflectionType(Object value);
+
+  protected abstract Object singularToReflectionType(Object value);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionLite.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0fb5f49e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/**
+ * Lite interface that generated extensions implement.
+ *
+ * <p>Methods are for use by generated code only. You can hold a reference to extensions using this
+ * type name.
+ */
+public abstract class ExtensionLite<ContainingType extends MessageLite, Type> {
+
+  /** Returns the field number of the extension. */
+  public abstract int getNumber();
+
+  /** Returns the type of the field. */
+  public abstract WireFormat.FieldType getLiteType();
+
+  /** Returns whether it is a repeated field. */
+  public abstract boolean isRepeated();
+
+  /** Returns the default value of the extension field. */
+  public abstract Type getDefaultValue();
+
+  /** Returns the default instance of the extension field, if it's a message extension. */
+  public abstract MessageLite getMessageDefaultInstance();
+
+  /** Returns whether or not this extension is a Lite Extension. */
+  boolean isLite() {
+    return true;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistry.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistry.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aeeaee53e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistry.java
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * A table of known extensions, searchable by name or field number. When parsing a protocol message
+ * that might have extensions, you must provide an {@code ExtensionRegistry} in which you have
+ * registered any extensions that you want to be able to parse. Otherwise, those extensions will
+ * just be treated like unknown fields.
+ *
+ * <p>For example, if you had the {@code .proto} file:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * option java_class = "MyProto";
+ *
+ * message Foo {
+ *   extensions 1000 to max;
+ * }
+ *
+ * extend Foo {
+ *   optional int32 bar;
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Then you might write code like:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * ExtensionRegistry registry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+ * registry.add(MyProto.bar);
+ * MyProto.Foo message = MyProto.Foo.parseFrom(input, registry);
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>Background:
+ *
+ * <p>You might wonder why this is necessary. Two alternatives might come to mind. First, you might
+ * imagine a system where generated extensions are automatically registered when their containing
+ * classes are loaded. This is a popular technique, but is bad design; among other things, it
+ * creates a situation where behavior can change depending on what classes happen to be loaded. It
+ * also introduces a security vulnerability, because an unprivileged class could cause its code to
+ * be called unexpectedly from a privileged class by registering itself as an extension of the right
+ * type.
+ *
+ * <p>Another option you might consider is lazy parsing: do not parse an extension until it is first
+ * requested, at which point the caller must provide a type to use. This introduces a different set
+ * of problems. First, it would require a mutex lock any time an extension was accessed, which would
+ * be slow. Second, corrupt data would not be detected until first access, at which point it would
+ * be much harder to deal with it. Third, it could violate the expectation that message objects are
+ * immutable, since the type provided could be any arbitrary message class. An unprivileged user
+ * could take advantage of this to inject a mutable object into a message belonging to privileged
+ * code and create mischief.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class ExtensionRegistry extends ExtensionRegistryLite {
+  /** Construct a new, empty instance. */
+  public static ExtensionRegistry newInstance() {
+    return new ExtensionRegistry();
+  }
+
+  /** Get the unmodifiable singleton empty instance. */
+  public static ExtensionRegistry getEmptyRegistry() {
+    return EMPTY_REGISTRY;
+  }
+
+
+  /** Returns an unmodifiable view of the registry. */
+  @Override
+  public ExtensionRegistry getUnmodifiable() {
+    return new ExtensionRegistry(this);
+  }
+
+  /** A (Descriptor, Message) pair, returned by lookup methods. */
+  public static final class ExtensionInfo {
+    /** The extension's descriptor. */
+    public final FieldDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    /**
+     * A default instance of the extension's type, if it has a message type. Otherwise, {@code
+     * null}.
+     */
+    public final Message defaultInstance;
+
+    private ExtensionInfo(final FieldDescriptor descriptor) {
+      this.descriptor = descriptor;
+      defaultInstance = null;
+    }
+
+    private ExtensionInfo(final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final Message defaultInstance) {
+      this.descriptor = descriptor;
+      this.defaultInstance = defaultInstance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Deprecated. Use {@link #findImmutableExtensionByName(String)} instead. */
+  @Deprecated
+  public ExtensionInfo findExtensionByName(final String fullName) {
+    return findImmutableExtensionByName(fullName);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find an extension for immutable APIs by fully-qualified field name, in the proto namespace.
+   * i.e. {@code result.descriptor.fullName()} will match {@code fullName} if a match is found.
+   *
+   * @return Information about the extension if found, or {@code null} otherwise.
+   */
+  public ExtensionInfo findImmutableExtensionByName(final String fullName) {
+    return immutableExtensionsByName.get(fullName);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find an extension for mutable APIs by fully-qualified field name, in the proto namespace. i.e.
+   * {@code result.descriptor.fullName()} will match {@code fullName} if a match is found.
+   *
+   * @return Information about the extension if found, or {@code null} otherwise.
+   */
+  public ExtensionInfo findMutableExtensionByName(final String fullName) {
+    return mutableExtensionsByName.get(fullName);
+  }
+
+  /** Deprecated. Use {@link #findImmutableExtensionByNumber( Descriptors.Descriptor, int)} */
+  @Deprecated
+  public ExtensionInfo findExtensionByNumber(
+      final Descriptor containingType, final int fieldNumber) {
+    return findImmutableExtensionByNumber(containingType, fieldNumber);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find an extension by containing type and field number for immutable APIs.
+   *
+   * @return Information about the extension if found, or {@code null} otherwise.
+   */
+  public ExtensionInfo findImmutableExtensionByNumber(
+      final Descriptor containingType, final int fieldNumber) {
+    return immutableExtensionsByNumber.get(new DescriptorIntPair(containingType, fieldNumber));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find an extension by containing type and field number for mutable APIs.
+   *
+   * @return Information about the extension if found, or {@code null} otherwise.
+   */
+  public ExtensionInfo findMutableExtensionByNumber(
+      final Descriptor containingType, final int fieldNumber) {
+    return mutableExtensionsByNumber.get(new DescriptorIntPair(containingType, fieldNumber));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find all extensions for mutable APIs by fully-qualified name of extended class. Note that this
+   * method is more computationally expensive than getting a single extension by name or number.
+   *
+   * @return Information about the extensions found, or {@code null} if there are none.
+   */
+  public Set<ExtensionInfo> getAllMutableExtensionsByExtendedType(final String fullName) {
+    HashSet<ExtensionInfo> extensions = new HashSet<ExtensionInfo>();
+    for (DescriptorIntPair pair : mutableExtensionsByNumber.keySet()) {
+      if (pair.descriptor.getFullName().equals(fullName)) {
+        extensions.add(mutableExtensionsByNumber.get(pair));
+      }
+    }
+    return extensions;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find all extensions for immutable APIs by fully-qualified name of extended class. Note that
+   * this method is more computationally expensive than getting a single extension by name or
+   * number.
+   *
+   * @return Information about the extensions found, or {@code null} if there are none.
+   */
+  public Set<ExtensionInfo> getAllImmutableExtensionsByExtendedType(final String fullName) {
+    HashSet<ExtensionInfo> extensions = new HashSet<ExtensionInfo>();
+    for (DescriptorIntPair pair : immutableExtensionsByNumber.keySet()) {
+      if (pair.descriptor.getFullName().equals(fullName)) {
+        extensions.add(immutableExtensionsByNumber.get(pair));
+      }
+    }
+    return extensions;
+  }
+
+  /** Add an extension from a generated file to the registry. */
+  public void add(final Extension<?, ?> extension) {
+    if (extension.getExtensionType() != Extension.ExtensionType.IMMUTABLE
+        && extension.getExtensionType() != Extension.ExtensionType.MUTABLE) {
+      // do not support other extension types. ignore
+      return;
+    }
+    add(newExtensionInfo(extension), extension.getExtensionType());
+  }
+
+  /** Add an extension from a generated file to the registry. */
+  public void add(final GeneratedMessage.GeneratedExtension<?, ?> extension) {
+    add((Extension<?, ?>) extension);
+  }
+
+  static ExtensionInfo newExtensionInfo(final Extension<?, ?> extension) {
+    if (extension.getDescriptor().getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+      if (extension.getMessageDefaultInstance() == null) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(
+            "Registered message-type extension had null default instance: "
+                + extension.getDescriptor().getFullName());
+      }
+      return new ExtensionInfo(
+          extension.getDescriptor(), (Message) extension.getMessageDefaultInstance());
+    } else {
+      return new ExtensionInfo(extension.getDescriptor(), null);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Add a non-message-type extension to the registry by descriptor. */
+  public void add(final FieldDescriptor type) {
+    if (type.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "ExtensionRegistry.add() must be provided a default instance when "
+              + "adding an embedded message extension.");
+    }
+    ExtensionInfo info = new ExtensionInfo(type, null);
+    add(info, Extension.ExtensionType.IMMUTABLE);
+    add(info, Extension.ExtensionType.MUTABLE);
+  }
+
+  /** Add a message-type extension to the registry by descriptor. */
+  public void add(final FieldDescriptor type, final Message defaultInstance) {
+    if (type.getJavaType() != FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "ExtensionRegistry.add() provided a default instance for a non-message extension.");
+    }
+      add(new ExtensionInfo(type, defaultInstance), Extension.ExtensionType.IMMUTABLE);
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Private stuff.
+
+  private ExtensionRegistry() {
+    this.immutableExtensionsByName = new HashMap<String, ExtensionInfo>();
+    this.mutableExtensionsByName = new HashMap<String, ExtensionInfo>();
+    this.immutableExtensionsByNumber = new HashMap<DescriptorIntPair, ExtensionInfo>();
+    this.mutableExtensionsByNumber = new HashMap<DescriptorIntPair, ExtensionInfo>();
+  }
+
+  private ExtensionRegistry(ExtensionRegistry other) {
+    super(other);
+    this.immutableExtensionsByName = Collections.unmodifiableMap(other.immutableExtensionsByName);
+    this.mutableExtensionsByName = Collections.unmodifiableMap(other.mutableExtensionsByName);
+    this.immutableExtensionsByNumber =
+        Collections.unmodifiableMap(other.immutableExtensionsByNumber);
+    this.mutableExtensionsByNumber = Collections.unmodifiableMap(other.mutableExtensionsByNumber);
+  }
+
+  private final Map<String, ExtensionInfo> immutableExtensionsByName;
+  private final Map<String, ExtensionInfo> mutableExtensionsByName;
+  private final Map<DescriptorIntPair, ExtensionInfo> immutableExtensionsByNumber;
+  private final Map<DescriptorIntPair, ExtensionInfo> mutableExtensionsByNumber;
+
+  ExtensionRegistry(boolean empty) {
+    super(EMPTY_REGISTRY_LITE);
+    this.immutableExtensionsByName = Collections.<String, ExtensionInfo>emptyMap();
+    this.mutableExtensionsByName = Collections.<String, ExtensionInfo>emptyMap();
+    this.immutableExtensionsByNumber = Collections.<DescriptorIntPair, ExtensionInfo>emptyMap();
+    this.mutableExtensionsByNumber = Collections.<DescriptorIntPair, ExtensionInfo>emptyMap();
+  }
+
+  static final ExtensionRegistry EMPTY_REGISTRY = new ExtensionRegistry(true);
+
+  private void add(final ExtensionInfo extension, final Extension.ExtensionType extensionType) {
+    if (!extension.descriptor.isExtension()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "ExtensionRegistry.add() was given a FieldDescriptor for a regular "
+              + "(non-extension) field.");
+    }
+
+    Map<String, ExtensionInfo> extensionsByName;
+    Map<DescriptorIntPair, ExtensionInfo> extensionsByNumber;
+    switch (extensionType) {
+      case IMMUTABLE:
+        extensionsByName = immutableExtensionsByName;
+        extensionsByNumber = immutableExtensionsByNumber;
+        break;
+      case MUTABLE:
+        extensionsByName = mutableExtensionsByName;
+        extensionsByNumber = mutableExtensionsByNumber;
+        break;
+      default:
+        // Ignore the unknown supported type.
+        return;
+    }
+
+    extensionsByName.put(extension.descriptor.getFullName(), extension);
+    extensionsByNumber.put(
+        new DescriptorIntPair(
+            extension.descriptor.getContainingType(), extension.descriptor.getNumber()),
+        extension);
+
+    final FieldDescriptor field = extension.descriptor;
+    if (field.getContainingType().getOptions().getMessageSetWireFormat()
+        && field.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE
+        && field.isOptional()
+        && field.getExtensionScope() == field.getMessageType()) {
+      // This is an extension of a MessageSet type defined within the extension
+      // type's own scope.  For backwards-compatibility, allow it to be looked
+      // up by type name.
+      extensionsByName.put(field.getMessageType().getFullName(), extension);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** A (GenericDescriptor, int) pair, used as a map key. */
+  private static final class DescriptorIntPair {
+    private final Descriptor descriptor;
+    private final int number;
+
+    DescriptorIntPair(final Descriptor descriptor, final int number) {
+      this.descriptor = descriptor;
+      this.number = number;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      return descriptor.hashCode() * ((1 << 16) - 1) + number;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
+      if (!(obj instanceof DescriptorIntPair)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      final DescriptorIntPair other = (DescriptorIntPair) obj;
+      return descriptor == other.descriptor && number == other.number;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..241fcbd93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite.EMPTY_REGISTRY_LITE;
+
+/**
+ * A factory object to create instances of {@link ExtensionRegistryLite}.
+ *
+ * <p>This factory detects (via reflection) if the full (non-Lite) protocol buffer libraries are
+ * available, and if so, the instances returned are actually {@link ExtensionRegistry}.
+ */
+final class ExtensionRegistryFactory {
+
+  static final String FULL_REGISTRY_CLASS_NAME = "com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry";
+
+  /* Visible for Testing
+  @Nullable */
+  static final Class<?> EXTENSION_REGISTRY_CLASS = reflectExtensionRegistry();
+
+  /* @Nullable */
+  static Class<?> reflectExtensionRegistry() {
+    try {
+      return Class.forName(FULL_REGISTRY_CLASS_NAME);
+    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+      // The exception allocation is potentially expensive on Android (where it can be triggered
+      // many times at start up). Is there a way to ameliorate this?
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Construct a new, empty instance. */
+  public static ExtensionRegistryLite create() {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite result = invokeSubclassFactory("newInstance");
+
+    return result != null ? result : new ExtensionRegistryLite();
+  }
+
+  /** Get the unmodifiable singleton empty instance. */
+  public static ExtensionRegistryLite createEmpty() {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite result = invokeSubclassFactory("getEmptyRegistry");
+
+    return result != null ? result : EMPTY_REGISTRY_LITE;
+  }
+
+
+  static boolean isFullRegistry(ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
+    return EXTENSION_REGISTRY_CLASS != null
+        && EXTENSION_REGISTRY_CLASS.isAssignableFrom(registry.getClass());
+  }
+
+  /* @Nullable */
+  private static final ExtensionRegistryLite invokeSubclassFactory(String methodName) {
+    if (EXTENSION_REGISTRY_CLASS == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      return (ExtensionRegistryLite)
+          EXTENSION_REGISTRY_CLASS.getDeclaredMethod(methodName).invoke(null);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryLite.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c4b20ed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Equivalent to {@link ExtensionRegistry} but supports only "lite" types.
+ *
+ * <p>If all of your types are lite types, then you only need to use {@code ExtensionRegistryLite}.
+ * Similarly, if all your types are regular types, then you only need {@link ExtensionRegistry}.
+ * Typically it does not make sense to mix the two, since if you have any regular types in your
+ * program, you then require the full runtime and lose all the benefits of the lite runtime, so you
+ * might as well make all your types be regular types. However, in some cases (e.g. when depending
+ * on multiple third-party libraries where one uses lite types and one uses regular), you may find
+ * yourself wanting to mix the two. In this case things get more complicated.
+ *
+ * <p>There are three factors to consider: Whether the type being extended is lite, whether the
+ * embedded type (in the case of a message-typed extension) is lite, and whether the extension
+ * itself is lite. Since all three are declared in different files, they could all be different.
+ * Here are all the combinations and which type of registry to use:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   Extended type     Inner type    Extension         Use registry
+ *   =======================================================================
+ *   lite              lite          lite              ExtensionRegistryLite
+ *   lite              regular       lite              ExtensionRegistry
+ *   regular           regular       regular           ExtensionRegistry
+ *   all other combinations                            not supported
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>Note that just as regular types are not allowed to contain lite-type fields, they are also not
+ * allowed to contain lite-type extensions. This is because regular types must be fully accessible
+ * via reflection, which in turn means that all the inner messages must also support reflection. On
+ * the other hand, since regular types implement the entire lite interface, there is no problem with
+ * embedding regular types inside lite types.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class ExtensionRegistryLite {
+
+  // Set true to enable lazy parsing feature for MessageSet.
+  //
+  // TODO(xiangl): Now we use a global flag to control whether enable lazy
+  // parsing feature for MessageSet, which may be too crude for some
+  // applications. Need to support this feature on smaller granularity.
+  private static volatile boolean eagerlyParseMessageSets = false;
+
+  // short circuit the ExtensionRegistryFactory via assumevalues trickery
+  @SuppressWarnings("JavaOptionalSuggestions")
+  private static boolean doFullRuntimeInheritanceCheck = true;
+
+  // Visible for testing.
+  static final String EXTENSION_CLASS_NAME = "com.google.protobuf.Extension";
+
+  private static class ExtensionClassHolder {
+    /* @Nullable */
+    static final Class<?> INSTANCE = resolveExtensionClass();
+
+    /* @Nullable */
+    static Class<?> resolveExtensionClass() {
+      try {
+        return Class.forName(EXTENSION_CLASS_NAME);
+      } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+        // See comment in ExtensionRegistryFactory on the potential expense of this.
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static boolean isEagerlyParseMessageSets() {
+    return eagerlyParseMessageSets;
+  }
+
+  public static void setEagerlyParseMessageSets(boolean isEagerlyParse) {
+    eagerlyParseMessageSets = isEagerlyParse;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Construct a new, empty instance.
+   *
+   * <p>This may be an {@code ExtensionRegistry} if the full (non-Lite) proto libraries are
+   * available.
+   */
+  public static ExtensionRegistryLite newInstance() {
+    return doFullRuntimeInheritanceCheck
+        ? ExtensionRegistryFactory.create()
+        : new ExtensionRegistryLite();
+  }
+
+  private static volatile ExtensionRegistryLite emptyRegistry;
+
+  /**
+   * Get the unmodifiable singleton empty instance of either ExtensionRegistryLite or {@code
+   * ExtensionRegistry} (if the full (non-Lite) proto libraries are available).
+   */
+  public static ExtensionRegistryLite getEmptyRegistry() {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite result = emptyRegistry;
+    if (result == null) {
+      synchronized (ExtensionRegistryLite.class) {
+        result = emptyRegistry;
+        if (result == null) {
+          result =
+              emptyRegistry =
+                  doFullRuntimeInheritanceCheck
+                      ? ExtensionRegistryFactory.createEmpty()
+                      : EMPTY_REGISTRY_LITE;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+
+  /** Returns an unmodifiable view of the registry. */
+  public ExtensionRegistryLite getUnmodifiable() {
+    return new ExtensionRegistryLite(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find an extension by containing type and field number.
+   *
+   * @return Information about the extension if found, or {@code null} otherwise.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public <ContainingType extends MessageLite>
+      GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, ?> findLiteExtensionByNumber(
+          final ContainingType containingTypeDefaultInstance, final int fieldNumber) {
+    return (GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, ?>)
+        extensionsByNumber.get(new ObjectIntPair(containingTypeDefaultInstance, fieldNumber));
+  }
+
+  /** Add an extension from a lite generated file to the registry. */
+  public final void add(final GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<?, ?> extension) {
+    extensionsByNumber.put(
+        new ObjectIntPair(extension.getContainingTypeDefaultInstance(), extension.getNumber()),
+        extension);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add an extension from a lite generated file to the registry only if it is a non-lite extension
+   * i.e. {@link GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension}.
+   */
+  public final void add(ExtensionLite<?, ?> extension) {
+    if (GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension.class.isAssignableFrom(extension.getClass())) {
+      add((GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<?, ?>) extension);
+    }
+    if (doFullRuntimeInheritanceCheck && ExtensionRegistryFactory.isFullRegistry(this)) {
+      try {
+        this.getClass().getMethod("add", ExtensionClassHolder.INSTANCE).invoke(this, extension);
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            String.format("Could not invoke ExtensionRegistry#add for %s", extension), e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Private stuff.
+
+  // Constructors are package-private so that ExtensionRegistry can subclass
+  // this.
+
+  ExtensionRegistryLite() {
+    this.extensionsByNumber =
+        new HashMap<ObjectIntPair, GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<?, ?>>();
+  }
+
+  static final ExtensionRegistryLite EMPTY_REGISTRY_LITE = new ExtensionRegistryLite(true);
+
+  ExtensionRegistryLite(ExtensionRegistryLite other) {
+    if (other == EMPTY_REGISTRY_LITE) {
+      this.extensionsByNumber = Collections.emptyMap();
+    } else {
+      this.extensionsByNumber = Collections.unmodifiableMap(other.extensionsByNumber);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final Map<ObjectIntPair, GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<?, ?>>
+      extensionsByNumber;
+
+  ExtensionRegistryLite(boolean empty) {
+    this.extensionsByNumber = Collections.emptyMap();
+  }
+
+  /** A (Object, int) pair, used as a map key. */
+  private static final class ObjectIntPair {
+    private final Object object;
+    private final int number;
+
+    ObjectIntPair(final Object object, final int number) {
+      this.object = object;
+      this.number = number;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      return System.identityHashCode(object) * ((1 << 16) - 1) + number;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
+      if (!(obj instanceof ObjectIntPair)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      final ObjectIntPair other = (ObjectIntPair) obj;
+      return object == other.object && number == other.number;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchema.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchema.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2eae22d26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchema.java
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+abstract class ExtensionSchema<T extends FieldSet.FieldDescriptorLite<T>> {
+
+  /** Returns true for messages that support extensions. */
+  abstract boolean hasExtensions(MessageLite prototype);
+
+  /** Returns the extension {@link FieldSet} for the message instance. */
+  abstract FieldSet<T> getExtensions(Object message);
+
+  /** Replaces the extension {@link FieldSet} for the message instance. */
+  abstract void setExtensions(Object message, FieldSet<T> extensions);
+
+  /** Returns the extension {@link FieldSet} and ensures it's mutable. */
+  abstract FieldSet<T> getMutableExtensions(Object message);
+
+  /** Marks the extension {@link FieldSet} as immutable. */
+  abstract void makeImmutable(Object message);
+
+  /**
+   * Parses an extension. Returns the passed-in unknownFields parameter if no unknown enum value is
+   * found or a modified unknownFields (a new instance if the passed-in unknownFields is null)
+   * containing unknown enum values found while parsing.
+   *
+   * @param <UT> The type used to store unknown fields. It's either UnknownFieldSet in full runtime
+   *     or UnknownFieldSetLite in lite runtime.
+   */
+  abstract <UT, UB> UB parseExtension(
+      Reader reader,
+      Object extension,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      FieldSet<T> extensions,
+      UB unknownFields,
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> unknownFieldSchema)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /** Gets the field number of an extension entry. */
+  abstract int extensionNumber(Map.Entry<?, ?> extension);
+
+  /** Serializes one extension entry. */
+  abstract void serializeExtension(Writer writer, Map.Entry<?, ?> extension) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Finds an extension by field number. */
+  abstract Object findExtensionByNumber(
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry, MessageLite defaultInstance, int number);
+
+  /** Parses a length-prefixed MessageSet item from the reader. */
+  abstract void parseLengthPrefixedMessageSetItem(
+      Reader reader,
+      Object extension,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      FieldSet<T> extensions)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Parses the entire content of a {@link ByteString} as one MessageSet item. Unlike {@link
+   * #parseLengthPrefixedMessageSetItem}, there isn't a length-prefix.
+   */
+  abstract void parseMessageSetItem(
+      ByteString data,
+      Object extension,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      FieldSet<T> extensions)
+      throws IOException;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchemaFull.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchemaFull.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..90558518b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchemaFull.java
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+final class ExtensionSchemaFull extends ExtensionSchema<FieldDescriptor> {
+
+  private static final long EXTENSION_FIELD_OFFSET = getExtensionsFieldOffset();
+
+  private static <T> long getExtensionsFieldOffset() {
+    try {
+      Field field = GeneratedMessageV3.ExtendableMessage.class.getDeclaredField("extensions");
+      return UnsafeUtil.objectFieldOffset(field);
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to lookup extension field offset");
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  boolean hasExtensions(MessageLite prototype) {
+    return prototype instanceof GeneratedMessageV3.ExtendableMessage;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> getExtensions(Object message) {
+    return (FieldSet<FieldDescriptor>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, EXTENSION_FIELD_OFFSET);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void setExtensions(Object message, FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> extensions) {
+    UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, EXTENSION_FIELD_OFFSET, extensions);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> getMutableExtensions(Object message) {
+    FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> extensions = getExtensions(message);
+    if (extensions.isImmutable()) {
+      extensions = extensions.clone();
+      setExtensions(message, extensions);
+    }
+    return extensions;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void makeImmutable(Object message) {
+    getExtensions(message).makeImmutable();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  <UT, UB> UB parseExtension(
+      Reader reader,
+      Object extensionObject,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> extensions,
+      UB unknownFields,
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> unknownFieldSchema)
+      throws IOException {
+    ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo extension = (ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo) extensionObject;
+    int fieldNumber = extension.descriptor.getNumber();
+
+    if (extension.descriptor.isRepeated() && extension.descriptor.isPacked()) {
+      Object value = null;
+      switch (extension.descriptor.getLiteType()) {
+        case DOUBLE:
+          {
+            List<Double> list = new ArrayList<Double>();
+            reader.readDoubleList(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case FLOAT:
+          {
+            List<Float> list = new ArrayList<Float>();
+            reader.readFloatList(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case INT64:
+          {
+            List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>();
+            reader.readInt64List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case UINT64:
+          {
+            List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>();
+            reader.readUInt64List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case INT32:
+          {
+            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+            reader.readInt32List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case FIXED64:
+          {
+            List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>();
+            reader.readFixed64List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case FIXED32:
+          {
+            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+            reader.readFixed32List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case BOOL:
+          {
+            List<Boolean> list = new ArrayList<Boolean>();
+            reader.readBoolList(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case UINT32:
+          {
+            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+            reader.readUInt32List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case SFIXED32:
+          {
+            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+            reader.readSFixed32List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case SFIXED64:
+          {
+            List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>();
+            reader.readSFixed64List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case SINT32:
+          {
+            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+            reader.readSInt32List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case SINT64:
+          {
+            List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>();
+            reader.readSInt64List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case ENUM:
+          {
+            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+            reader.readEnumList(list);
+            List<EnumValueDescriptor> enumList = new ArrayList<EnumValueDescriptor>();
+            for (int number : list) {
+              EnumValueDescriptor enumDescriptor =
+                  extension.descriptor.getEnumType().findValueByNumber(number);
+              if (enumDescriptor != null) {
+                enumList.add(enumDescriptor);
+              } else {
+                unknownFields =
+                    SchemaUtil.storeUnknownEnum(
+                        fieldNumber, number, unknownFields, unknownFieldSchema);
+              }
+            }
+            value = enumList;
+            break;
+          }
+        default:
+          throw new IllegalStateException(
+              "Type cannot be packed: " + extension.descriptor.getLiteType());
+      }
+      extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, value);
+    } else {
+      Object value = null;
+      // Enum is a special case because unknown enum values will be put into UnknownFieldSetLite.
+      if (extension.descriptor.getLiteType() == WireFormat.FieldType.ENUM) {
+        int number = reader.readInt32();
+        Object enumValue = extension.descriptor.getEnumType().findValueByNumber(number);
+        if (enumValue == null) {
+          return SchemaUtil.storeUnknownEnum(
+              fieldNumber, number, unknownFields, unknownFieldSchema);
+        }
+        value = enumValue;
+      } else {
+        switch (extension.descriptor.getLiteType()) {
+          case DOUBLE:
+            value = reader.readDouble();
+            break;
+          case FLOAT:
+            value = reader.readFloat();
+            break;
+          case INT64:
+            value = reader.readInt64();
+            break;
+          case UINT64:
+            value = reader.readUInt64();
+            break;
+          case INT32:
+            value = reader.readInt32();
+            break;
+          case FIXED64:
+            value = reader.readFixed64();
+            break;
+          case FIXED32:
+            value = reader.readFixed32();
+            break;
+          case BOOL:
+            value = reader.readBool();
+            break;
+          case BYTES:
+            value = reader.readBytes();
+            break;
+          case UINT32:
+            value = reader.readUInt32();
+            break;
+          case SFIXED32:
+            value = reader.readSFixed32();
+            break;
+          case SFIXED64:
+            value = reader.readSFixed64();
+            break;
+          case SINT32:
+            value = reader.readSInt32();
+            break;
+          case SINT64:
+            value = reader.readSInt64();
+            break;
+
+          case STRING:
+            value = reader.readString();
+            break;
+          case GROUP:
+            value = reader.readGroup(extension.defaultInstance.getClass(), extensionRegistry);
+            break;
+
+          case MESSAGE:
+            value = reader.readMessage(extension.defaultInstance.getClass(), extensionRegistry);
+            break;
+
+          case ENUM:
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Shouldn't reach here.");
+        }
+      }
+      if (extension.descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        extensions.addRepeatedField(extension.descriptor, value);
+      } else {
+        switch (extension.descriptor.getLiteType()) {
+          case MESSAGE:
+          case GROUP:
+            Object oldValue = extensions.getField(extension.descriptor);
+            if (oldValue != null) {
+              value = Internal.mergeMessage(oldValue, value);
+            }
+            break;
+          default:
+            break;
+        }
+        extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, value);
+      }
+    }
+    return unknownFields;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  int extensionNumber(Map.Entry<?, ?> extension) {
+    FieldDescriptor descriptor = (FieldDescriptor) extension.getKey();
+    return descriptor.getNumber();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void serializeExtension(Writer writer, Map.Entry<?, ?> extension) throws IOException {
+    FieldDescriptor descriptor = (FieldDescriptor) extension.getKey();
+    if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+      switch (descriptor.getLiteType()) {
+        case DOUBLE:
+          SchemaUtil.writeDoubleList(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Double>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case FLOAT:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFloatList(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Float>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case INT64:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt64List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Long>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case UINT64:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt64List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Long>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case INT32:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt32List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Integer>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case FIXED64:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed64List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Long>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case FIXED32:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed32List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Integer>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case BOOL:
+          SchemaUtil.writeBoolList(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Boolean>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case BYTES:
+          SchemaUtil.writeBytesList(
+              descriptor.getNumber(), (List<ByteString>) extension.getValue(), writer);
+          break;
+        case UINT32:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt32List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Integer>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case SFIXED32:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed32List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Integer>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case SFIXED64:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed64List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Long>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case SINT32:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt32List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Integer>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case SINT64:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt64List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Long>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case ENUM:
+          {
+            List<EnumValueDescriptor> enumList = (List<EnumValueDescriptor>) extension.getValue();
+            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+            for (EnumValueDescriptor d : enumList) {
+              list.add(d.getNumber());
+            }
+            SchemaUtil.writeInt32List(descriptor.getNumber(), list, writer, descriptor.isPacked());
+            break;
+          }
+        case STRING:
+          SchemaUtil.writeStringList(
+              descriptor.getNumber(), (List<String>) extension.getValue(), writer);
+          break;
+        case GROUP:
+          SchemaUtil.writeGroupList(descriptor.getNumber(), (List<?>) extension.getValue(), writer);
+          break;
+        case MESSAGE:
+          SchemaUtil.writeMessageList(
+              descriptor.getNumber(), (List<?>) extension.getValue(), writer);
+          break;
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (descriptor.getLiteType()) {
+        case DOUBLE:
+          writer.writeDouble(descriptor.getNumber(), (Double) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case FLOAT:
+          writer.writeFloat(descriptor.getNumber(), (Float) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case INT64:
+          writer.writeInt64(descriptor.getNumber(), (Long) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case UINT64:
+          writer.writeUInt64(descriptor.getNumber(), (Long) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case INT32:
+          writer.writeInt32(descriptor.getNumber(), (Integer) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case FIXED64:
+          writer.writeFixed64(descriptor.getNumber(), (Long) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case FIXED32:
+          writer.writeFixed32(descriptor.getNumber(), (Integer) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case BOOL:
+          writer.writeBool(descriptor.getNumber(), (Boolean) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case BYTES:
+          writer.writeBytes(descriptor.getNumber(), (ByteString) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case UINT32:
+          writer.writeUInt32(descriptor.getNumber(), (Integer) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case SFIXED32:
+          writer.writeSFixed32(descriptor.getNumber(), (Integer) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case SFIXED64:
+          writer.writeSFixed64(descriptor.getNumber(), (Long) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case SINT32:
+          writer.writeSInt32(descriptor.getNumber(), (Integer) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case SINT64:
+          writer.writeSInt64(descriptor.getNumber(), (Long) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case ENUM:
+          writer.writeInt32(
+              descriptor.getNumber(), ((EnumValueDescriptor) extension.getValue()).getNumber());
+          break;
+        case STRING:
+          writer.writeString(descriptor.getNumber(), (String) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case GROUP:
+          writer.writeGroup(descriptor.getNumber(), extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case MESSAGE:
+          writer.writeMessage(descriptor.getNumber(), extension.getValue());
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  Object findExtensionByNumber(
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry, MessageLite defaultInstance, int number) {
+    return ((ExtensionRegistry) extensionRegistry)
+        .findExtensionByNumber(((Message) defaultInstance).getDescriptorForType(), number);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void parseLengthPrefixedMessageSetItem(
+      Reader reader,
+      Object extension,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> extensions)
+      throws IOException {
+    ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo extensionInfo = (ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo) extension;
+
+    if (ExtensionRegistryLite.isEagerlyParseMessageSets()) {
+      Object value =
+          reader.readMessage(extensionInfo.defaultInstance.getClass(), extensionRegistry);
+      extensions.setField(extensionInfo.descriptor, value);
+    } else {
+      extensions.setField(
+          extensionInfo.descriptor,
+          new LazyField(extensionInfo.defaultInstance, extensionRegistry, reader.readBytes()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void parseMessageSetItem(
+      ByteString data,
+      Object extension,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> extensions)
+      throws IOException {
+    ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo extensionInfo = (ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo) extension;
+    Object value = extensionInfo.defaultInstance.newBuilderForType().buildPartial();
+
+    if (ExtensionRegistryLite.isEagerlyParseMessageSets()) {
+      Reader reader = BinaryReader.newInstance(ByteBuffer.wrap(data.toByteArray()), true);
+      Protobuf.getInstance().mergeFrom(value, reader, extensionRegistry);
+      extensions.setField(extensionInfo.descriptor, value);
+
+      if (reader.getFieldNumber() != Reader.READ_DONE) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidEndTag();
+      }
+    } else {
+      extensions.setField(
+          extensionInfo.descriptor,
+          new LazyField(extensionInfo.defaultInstance, extensionRegistry, data));
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchemaLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchemaLite.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7f6846eb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchemaLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.ExtensionDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+final class ExtensionSchemaLite extends ExtensionSchema<ExtensionDescriptor> {
+
+  @Override
+  boolean hasExtensions(MessageLite prototype) {
+    return prototype instanceof GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableMessage;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  FieldSet<ExtensionDescriptor> getExtensions(Object message) {
+    return ((GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableMessage<?, ?>) message).extensions;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void setExtensions(Object message, FieldSet<ExtensionDescriptor> extensions) {
+    ((GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableMessage<?, ?>) message).extensions = extensions;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  FieldSet<ExtensionDescriptor> getMutableExtensions(Object message) {
+    return ((GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableMessage<?, ?>) message).ensureExtensionsAreMutable();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void makeImmutable(Object message) {
+    getExtensions(message).makeImmutable();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  <UT, UB> UB parseExtension(
+      Reader reader,
+      Object extensionObject,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      FieldSet<ExtensionDescriptor> extensions,
+      UB unknownFields,
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> unknownFieldSchema)
+      throws IOException {
+    GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<?, ?> extension =
+        (GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<?, ?>) extensionObject;
+    int fieldNumber = extension.getNumber();
+
+    if (extension.descriptor.isRepeated() && extension.descriptor.isPacked()) {
+      Object value = null;
+      switch (extension.getLiteType()) {
+        case DOUBLE:
+          {
+            List<Double> list = new ArrayList<Double>();
+            reader.readDoubleList(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case FLOAT:
+          {
+            List<Float> list = new ArrayList<Float>();
+            reader.readFloatList(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case INT64:
+          {
+            List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>();
+            reader.readInt64List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case UINT64:
+          {
+            List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>();
+            reader.readUInt64List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case INT32:
+          {
+            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+            reader.readInt32List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case FIXED64:
+          {
+            List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>();
+            reader.readFixed64List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case FIXED32:
+          {
+            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+            reader.readFixed32List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case BOOL:
+          {
+            List<Boolean> list = new ArrayList<Boolean>();
+            reader.readBoolList(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case UINT32:
+          {
+            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+            reader.readUInt32List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case SFIXED32:
+          {
+            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+            reader.readSFixed32List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case SFIXED64:
+          {
+            List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>();
+            reader.readSFixed64List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case SINT32:
+          {
+            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+            reader.readSInt32List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case SINT64:
+          {
+            List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>();
+            reader.readSInt64List(list);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        case ENUM:
+          {
+            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+            reader.readEnumList(list);
+            unknownFields =
+                SchemaUtil.filterUnknownEnumList(
+                    fieldNumber,
+                    list,
+                    extension.descriptor.getEnumType(),
+                    unknownFields,
+                    unknownFieldSchema);
+            value = list;
+            break;
+          }
+        default:
+          throw new IllegalStateException(
+              "Type cannot be packed: " + extension.descriptor.getLiteType());
+      }
+      extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, value);
+    } else {
+      Object value = null;
+      // Enum is a special case becasue unknown enum values will be put into UnknownFieldSetLite.
+      if (extension.getLiteType() == WireFormat.FieldType.ENUM) {
+        int number = reader.readInt32();
+        Object enumValue = extension.descriptor.getEnumType().findValueByNumber(number);
+        if (enumValue == null) {
+          return SchemaUtil.storeUnknownEnum(
+              fieldNumber, number, unknownFields, unknownFieldSchema);
+        }
+        // Note, we store the integer value instead of the actual enum object in FieldSet.
+        // This is also different from full-runtime where we store EnumValueDescriptor.
+        value = number;
+      } else {
+        switch (extension.getLiteType()) {
+          case DOUBLE:
+            value = reader.readDouble();
+            break;
+          case FLOAT:
+            value = reader.readFloat();
+            break;
+          case INT64:
+            value = reader.readInt64();
+            break;
+          case UINT64:
+            value = reader.readUInt64();
+            break;
+          case INT32:
+            value = reader.readInt32();
+            break;
+          case FIXED64:
+            value = reader.readFixed64();
+            break;
+          case FIXED32:
+            value = reader.readFixed32();
+            break;
+          case BOOL:
+            value = reader.readBool();
+            break;
+          case BYTES:
+            value = reader.readBytes();
+            break;
+          case UINT32:
+            value = reader.readUInt32();
+            break;
+          case SFIXED32:
+            value = reader.readSFixed32();
+            break;
+          case SFIXED64:
+            value = reader.readSFixed64();
+            break;
+          case SINT32:
+            value = reader.readSInt32();
+            break;
+          case SINT64:
+            value = reader.readSInt64();
+            break;
+
+          case STRING:
+            value = reader.readString();
+            break;
+          case GROUP:
+            value =
+                reader.readGroup(
+                    extension.getMessageDefaultInstance().getClass(), extensionRegistry);
+            break;
+
+          case MESSAGE:
+            value =
+                reader.readMessage(
+                    extension.getMessageDefaultInstance().getClass(), extensionRegistry);
+            break;
+
+          case ENUM:
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Shouldn't reach here.");
+        }
+      }
+      if (extension.isRepeated()) {
+        extensions.addRepeatedField(extension.descriptor, value);
+      } else {
+        switch (extension.getLiteType()) {
+          case MESSAGE:
+          case GROUP:
+            Object oldValue = extensions.getField(extension.descriptor);
+            if (oldValue != null) {
+              value = Internal.mergeMessage(oldValue, value);
+            }
+            break;
+          default:
+            break;
+        }
+        extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, value);
+      }
+    }
+    return unknownFields;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  int extensionNumber(Map.Entry<?, ?> extension) {
+    GeneratedMessageLite.ExtensionDescriptor descriptor =
+        (GeneratedMessageLite.ExtensionDescriptor) extension.getKey();
+    return descriptor.getNumber();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void serializeExtension(Writer writer, Map.Entry<?, ?> extension) throws IOException {
+    GeneratedMessageLite.ExtensionDescriptor descriptor =
+        (GeneratedMessageLite.ExtensionDescriptor) extension.getKey();
+    if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+      switch (descriptor.getLiteType()) {
+        case DOUBLE:
+          SchemaUtil.writeDoubleList(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Double>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case FLOAT:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFloatList(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Float>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case INT64:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt64List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Long>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case UINT64:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt64List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Long>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case INT32:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt32List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Integer>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case FIXED64:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed64List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Long>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case FIXED32:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed32List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Integer>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case BOOL:
+          SchemaUtil.writeBoolList(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Boolean>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case BYTES:
+          SchemaUtil.writeBytesList(
+              descriptor.getNumber(), (List<ByteString>) extension.getValue(), writer);
+          break;
+        case UINT32:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt32List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Integer>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case SFIXED32:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed32List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Integer>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case SFIXED64:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed64List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Long>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case SINT32:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt32List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Integer>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case SINT64:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt64List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Long>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case ENUM:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt32List(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              (List<Integer>) extension.getValue(),
+              writer,
+              descriptor.isPacked());
+          break;
+        case STRING:
+          SchemaUtil.writeStringList(
+              descriptor.getNumber(), (List<String>) extension.getValue(), writer);
+          break;
+        case GROUP:
+          {
+            List<?> data = (List<?>) extension.getValue();
+            if (data != null && !data.isEmpty()) {
+              SchemaUtil.writeGroupList(
+                  descriptor.getNumber(),
+                  (List<?>) extension.getValue(),
+                  writer,
+                  Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(data.get(0).getClass()));
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        case MESSAGE:
+          {
+            List<?> data = (List<?>) extension.getValue();
+            if (data != null && !data.isEmpty()) {
+              SchemaUtil.writeMessageList(
+                  descriptor.getNumber(),
+                  (List<?>) extension.getValue(),
+                  writer,
+                  Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(data.get(0).getClass()));
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (descriptor.getLiteType()) {
+        case DOUBLE:
+          writer.writeDouble(descriptor.getNumber(), (Double) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case FLOAT:
+          writer.writeFloat(descriptor.getNumber(), (Float) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case INT64:
+          writer.writeInt64(descriptor.getNumber(), (Long) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case UINT64:
+          writer.writeUInt64(descriptor.getNumber(), (Long) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case INT32:
+          writer.writeInt32(descriptor.getNumber(), (Integer) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case FIXED64:
+          writer.writeFixed64(descriptor.getNumber(), (Long) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case FIXED32:
+          writer.writeFixed32(descriptor.getNumber(), (Integer) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case BOOL:
+          writer.writeBool(descriptor.getNumber(), (Boolean) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case BYTES:
+          writer.writeBytes(descriptor.getNumber(), (ByteString) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case UINT32:
+          writer.writeUInt32(descriptor.getNumber(), (Integer) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case SFIXED32:
+          writer.writeSFixed32(descriptor.getNumber(), (Integer) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case SFIXED64:
+          writer.writeSFixed64(descriptor.getNumber(), (Long) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case SINT32:
+          writer.writeSInt32(descriptor.getNumber(), (Integer) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case SINT64:
+          writer.writeSInt64(descriptor.getNumber(), (Long) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case ENUM:
+          writer.writeInt32(descriptor.getNumber(), (Integer) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case STRING:
+          writer.writeString(descriptor.getNumber(), (String) extension.getValue());
+          break;
+        case GROUP:
+          writer.writeGroup(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              extension.getValue(),
+              Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(extension.getValue().getClass()));
+          break;
+        case MESSAGE:
+          writer.writeMessage(
+              descriptor.getNumber(),
+              extension.getValue(),
+              Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(extension.getValue().getClass()));
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  Object findExtensionByNumber(
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry, MessageLite defaultInstance, int number) {
+    return extensionRegistry.findLiteExtensionByNumber(defaultInstance, number);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void parseLengthPrefixedMessageSetItem(
+      Reader reader,
+      Object extensionObject,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      FieldSet<ExtensionDescriptor> extensions)
+      throws IOException {
+    GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<?, ?> extension =
+        (GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<?, ?>) extensionObject;
+    Object value =
+        reader.readMessage(extension.getMessageDefaultInstance().getClass(), extensionRegistry);
+    extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void parseMessageSetItem(
+      ByteString data,
+      Object extensionObject,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      FieldSet<ExtensionDescriptor> extensions)
+      throws IOException {
+    GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<?, ?> extension =
+        (GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<?, ?>) extensionObject;
+    Object value = extension.getMessageDefaultInstance().newBuilderForType().buildPartial();
+
+    Reader reader = BinaryReader.newInstance(ByteBuffer.wrap(data.toByteArray()), true);
+
+    Protobuf.getInstance().mergeFrom(value, reader, extensionRegistry);
+    extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, value);
+
+    if (reader.getFieldNumber() != Reader.READ_DONE) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidEndTag();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchemas.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchemas.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46ce327d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionSchemas.java
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+final class ExtensionSchemas {
+  private static final ExtensionSchema<?> LITE_SCHEMA = new ExtensionSchemaLite();
+  private static final ExtensionSchema<?> FULL_SCHEMA = loadSchemaForFullRuntime();
+
+  private static ExtensionSchema<?> loadSchemaForFullRuntime() {
+    try {
+      Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("com.google.protobuf.ExtensionSchemaFull");
+      return (ExtensionSchema) clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  static ExtensionSchema<?> lite() {
+    return LITE_SCHEMA;
+  }
+
+  static ExtensionSchema<?> full() {
+    if (FULL_SCHEMA == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Protobuf runtime is not correctly loaded.");
+    }
+    return FULL_SCHEMA;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldInfo.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldInfo.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..71a307a89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,577 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumVerifier;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+
+/** Information for a single field in a protobuf message class. */
+@ExperimentalApi
+final class FieldInfo implements Comparable<FieldInfo> {
+  private final Field field;
+  private final FieldType type;
+  private final Class<?> messageClass; // The message type for repeated message fields.
+  private final int fieldNumber;
+  private final Field presenceField;
+  private final int presenceMask;
+  private final boolean required;
+  private final boolean enforceUtf8;
+  private final OneofInfo oneof;
+  private final Field cachedSizeField;
+  /**
+   * The actual type stored in the oneof value for this field. Since the oneof value is an {@link
+   * Object}, primitives will store their boxed type. Only valid in conjunction with {@link #oneof}
+   * (both must be either null or non-null.
+   */
+  private final Class<?> oneofStoredType;
+
+  // TODO(liujisi): make map default entry lazy?
+  private final Object mapDefaultEntry;
+
+  private final EnumVerifier enumVerifier;
+
+  /** Constructs a new descriptor for a field. */
+  public static FieldInfo forField(
+      Field field, int fieldNumber, FieldType fieldType, boolean enforceUtf8) {
+    checkFieldNumber(fieldNumber);
+    checkNotNull(field, "field");
+    checkNotNull(fieldType, "fieldType");
+    if (fieldType == FieldType.MESSAGE_LIST || fieldType == FieldType.GROUP_LIST) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Shouldn't be called for repeated message fields.");
+    }
+    return new FieldInfo(
+        field,
+        fieldNumber,
+        fieldType,
+        /* messageClass= */ null,
+        /* presenceField= */ null,
+        /* presenceMask= */ 0,
+        /* required= */ false,
+        enforceUtf8,
+        /* oneof= */ null,
+        /* oneofStoredType= */ null,
+        /* mapDefaultEntry= */ null,
+        /* enumVerifier= */ null,
+        /* cachedSizeField= */ null);
+  }
+
+  /** Constructs a new descriptor for a packed field. */
+  public static FieldInfo forPackedField(
+      Field field, int fieldNumber, FieldType fieldType, Field cachedSizeField) {
+    checkFieldNumber(fieldNumber);
+    checkNotNull(field, "field");
+    checkNotNull(fieldType, "fieldType");
+    if (fieldType == FieldType.MESSAGE_LIST || fieldType == FieldType.GROUP_LIST) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Shouldn't be called for repeated message fields.");
+    }
+    return new FieldInfo(
+        field,
+        fieldNumber,
+        fieldType,
+        /* messageClass= */ null,
+        /* presenceField= */ null,
+        /* presenceMask= */ 0,
+        /* required= */ false,
+        /* enforceUtf8= */ false,
+        /* oneof= */ null,
+        /* oneofStoredType= */ null,
+        /* mapDefaultEntry= */ null,
+        /* enumVerifier= */ null,
+        cachedSizeField);
+  }
+
+  /** Constructs a new descriptor for a repeated message field. */
+  public static FieldInfo forRepeatedMessageField(
+      Field field, int fieldNumber, FieldType fieldType, Class<?> messageClass) {
+    checkFieldNumber(fieldNumber);
+    checkNotNull(field, "field");
+    checkNotNull(fieldType, "fieldType");
+    checkNotNull(messageClass, "messageClass");
+    return new FieldInfo(
+        field,
+        fieldNumber,
+        fieldType,
+        messageClass,
+        /* presenceField= */ null,
+        /* presenceMask= */ 0,
+        /* required= */ false,
+        /* enforceUtf8= */ false,
+        /* oneof= */ null,
+        /* oneofStoredType= */ null,
+        /* mapDefaultEntry= */ null,
+        /* enumVerifier= */ null,
+        /* cachedSizeField= */ null);
+  }
+
+  public static FieldInfo forFieldWithEnumVerifier(
+      Field field, int fieldNumber, FieldType fieldType, EnumVerifier enumVerifier) {
+    checkFieldNumber(fieldNumber);
+    checkNotNull(field, "field");
+    return new FieldInfo(
+        field,
+        fieldNumber,
+        fieldType,
+        /* messageClass= */ null,
+        /* presenceField= */ null,
+        /* presenceMask= */ 0,
+        /* required= */ false,
+        /* enforceUtf8= */ false,
+        /* oneof= */ null,
+        /* oneofStoredType= */ null,
+        /* mapDefaultEntry= */ null,
+        enumVerifier,
+        /* cachedSizeField= */ null);
+  }
+
+  public static FieldInfo forPackedFieldWithEnumVerifier(
+      Field field,
+      int fieldNumber,
+      FieldType fieldType,
+      EnumVerifier enumVerifier,
+      Field cachedSizeField) {
+    checkFieldNumber(fieldNumber);
+    checkNotNull(field, "field");
+    return new FieldInfo(
+        field,
+        fieldNumber,
+        fieldType,
+        /* messageClass= */ null,
+        /* presenceField= */ null,
+        /* presenceMask= */ 0,
+        /* required= */ false,
+        /* enforceUtf8= */ false,
+        /* oneof= */ null,
+        /* oneofStoredType= */ null,
+        /* mapDefaultEntry= */ null,
+        enumVerifier,
+        cachedSizeField);
+  }
+
+  /** Constructor for a proto2 optional field. */
+  public static FieldInfo forProto2OptionalField(
+      Field field,
+      int fieldNumber,
+      FieldType fieldType,
+      Field presenceField,
+      int presenceMask,
+      boolean enforceUtf8,
+      EnumVerifier enumVerifier) {
+    checkFieldNumber(fieldNumber);
+    checkNotNull(field, "field");
+    checkNotNull(fieldType, "fieldType");
+    checkNotNull(presenceField, "presenceField");
+    if (presenceField != null && !isExactlyOneBitSet(presenceMask)) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "presenceMask must have exactly one bit set: " + presenceMask);
+    }
+    return new FieldInfo(
+        field,
+        fieldNumber,
+        fieldType,
+        /* messageClass= */ null,
+        presenceField,
+        presenceMask,
+        /* required= */ false,
+        enforceUtf8,
+        /* oneof= */ null,
+        /* oneofStoredType= */ null,
+        /* mapDefaultEntry= */ null,
+        enumVerifier,
+        /* cachedSizeField= */ null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructor for a field that is part of a oneof.
+   *
+   * @param fieldNumber the unique field number for this field within the message.
+   * @param fieldType the type of the field (must be non-null).
+   * @param oneof the oneof for which this field is associated (must be non-null).
+   * @param oneofStoredType the actual type stored in the oneof value for this field. Since the
+   *     oneof value is an {@link Object}, primitives will store their boxed type. Must be non-null.
+   * @param enforceUtf8 Only used for string fields. If {@code true}, will enforce UTF-8 on a string
+   *     field.
+   * @return the {@link FieldInfo} describing this field.
+   */
+  public static FieldInfo forOneofMemberField(
+      int fieldNumber,
+      FieldType fieldType,
+      OneofInfo oneof,
+      Class<?> oneofStoredType,
+      boolean enforceUtf8,
+      EnumVerifier enumVerifier) {
+    checkFieldNumber(fieldNumber);
+    checkNotNull(fieldType, "fieldType");
+    checkNotNull(oneof, "oneof");
+    checkNotNull(oneofStoredType, "oneofStoredType");
+    if (!fieldType.isScalar()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Oneof is only supported for scalar fields. Field "
+              + fieldNumber
+              + " is of type "
+              + fieldType);
+    }
+    return new FieldInfo(
+        /* field= */ null,
+        fieldNumber,
+        fieldType,
+        /* messageClass= */ null,
+        /* presenceField= */ null,
+        /* presenceMask= */ 0,
+        /* required= */ false,
+        enforceUtf8,
+        oneof,
+        oneofStoredType,
+        /* mapDefaultEntry= */ null,
+        enumVerifier,
+        /* cachedSizeField= */ null);
+  }
+
+  private static void checkFieldNumber(int fieldNumber) {
+    if (fieldNumber <= 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("fieldNumber must be positive: " + fieldNumber);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Constructor for a proto2 required field. */
+  public static FieldInfo forProto2RequiredField(
+      Field field,
+      int fieldNumber,
+      FieldType fieldType,
+      Field presenceField,
+      int presenceMask,
+      boolean enforceUtf8,
+      EnumVerifier enumVerifier) {
+    checkFieldNumber(fieldNumber);
+    checkNotNull(field, "field");
+    checkNotNull(fieldType, "fieldType");
+    checkNotNull(presenceField, "presenceField");
+    if (presenceField != null && !isExactlyOneBitSet(presenceMask)) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "presenceMask must have exactly one bit set: " + presenceMask);
+    }
+    return new FieldInfo(
+        field,
+        fieldNumber,
+        fieldType,
+        /* messageClass= */ null,
+        presenceField,
+        presenceMask,
+        /* required= */ true,
+        enforceUtf8,
+        /* oneof= */ null,
+        /* oneofStoredType= */ null,
+        /* mapDefaultEntry= */ null,
+        /* enumVerifier= */ enumVerifier,
+        /* cachedSizeField= */ null);
+  }
+
+  public static FieldInfo forMapField(
+      Field field, int fieldNumber, Object mapDefaultEntry, EnumVerifier enumVerifier) {
+    checkNotNull(mapDefaultEntry, "mapDefaultEntry");
+    checkFieldNumber(fieldNumber);
+    checkNotNull(field, "field");
+    return new FieldInfo(
+        field,
+        fieldNumber,
+        FieldType.MAP,
+        /* messageClass= */ null,
+        /* presenceField= */ null,
+        /* presenceMask= */ 0,
+        /* required= */ false,
+        /* enforceUtf8= */ true,
+        /* oneof= */ null,
+        /* oneofStoredType= */ null,
+        mapDefaultEntry,
+        enumVerifier,
+        /* cachedSizeField= */ null);
+  }
+
+  private FieldInfo(
+      Field field,
+      int fieldNumber,
+      FieldType type,
+      Class<?> messageClass,
+      Field presenceField,
+      int presenceMask,
+      boolean required,
+      boolean enforceUtf8,
+      OneofInfo oneof,
+      Class<?> oneofStoredType,
+      Object mapDefaultEntry,
+      EnumVerifier enumVerifier,
+      Field cachedSizeField) {
+    this.field = field;
+    this.type = type;
+    this.messageClass = messageClass;
+    this.fieldNumber = fieldNumber;
+    this.presenceField = presenceField;
+    this.presenceMask = presenceMask;
+    this.required = required;
+    this.enforceUtf8 = enforceUtf8;
+    this.oneof = oneof;
+    this.oneofStoredType = oneofStoredType;
+    this.mapDefaultEntry = mapDefaultEntry;
+    this.enumVerifier = enumVerifier;
+    this.cachedSizeField = cachedSizeField;
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the field number for the field. */
+  public int getFieldNumber() {
+    return fieldNumber;
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the subject {@link Field} of this descriptor. */
+  public Field getField() {
+    return field;
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the type information for the field. */
+  public FieldType getType() {
+    return type;
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the oneof for which this field is a member, or {@code null} if not part of a oneof. */
+  public OneofInfo getOneof() {
+    return oneof;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the actual type stored in the oneof value by this field. Since the oneof value is an
+   * {@link Object}, primitives will store their boxed type. For non-oneof fields, this will always
+   * be {@code null}.
+   */
+  public Class<?> getOneofStoredType() {
+    return oneofStoredType;
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the {@code EnumVerifier} if the field is an enum field. */
+  public EnumVerifier getEnumVerifier() {
+    return enumVerifier;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int compareTo(FieldInfo o) {
+    return fieldNumber - o.fieldNumber;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * For repeated message fields, returns the message type of the field. For other fields, returns
+   * {@code null}.
+   */
+  public Class<?> getListElementType() {
+    return messageClass;
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the presence bit field. Only valid for unary fields. For lists, returns {@code null}. */
+  public Field getPresenceField() {
+    return presenceField;
+  }
+
+  public Object getMapDefaultEntry() {
+    return mapDefaultEntry;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * If {@link #getPresenceField()} is non-{@code null}, returns the mask used to identify the
+   * presence bit for this field in the message.
+   */
+  public int getPresenceMask() {
+    return presenceMask;
+  }
+
+  /** Whether this is a required field. */
+  public boolean isRequired() {
+    return required;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Whether a UTF-8 should be enforced on string fields. Only applies to strings and string lists.
+   */
+  public boolean isEnforceUtf8() {
+    return enforceUtf8;
+  }
+
+  public Field getCachedSizeField() {
+    return cachedSizeField;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * For singular or repeated message fields, returns the message type. For other fields, returns
+   * {@code null}.
+   */
+  public Class<?> getMessageFieldClass() {
+    switch (type) {
+      case MESSAGE:
+      case GROUP:
+        return field != null ? field.getType() : oneofStoredType;
+      case MESSAGE_LIST:
+      case GROUP_LIST:
+        return messageClass;
+      default:
+        return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static Builder newBuilder() {
+    return new Builder();
+  }
+
+  /** A builder for {@link FieldInfo} instances. */
+  public static final class Builder {
+    private Field field;
+    private FieldType type;
+    private int fieldNumber;
+    private Field presenceField;
+    private int presenceMask;
+    private boolean required;
+    private boolean enforceUtf8;
+    private OneofInfo oneof;
+    private Class<?> oneofStoredType;
+    private Object mapDefaultEntry;
+    private EnumVerifier enumVerifier;
+    private Field cachedSizeField;
+
+    private Builder() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Specifies the actual field on the message represented by this field. This should not be
+     * called for oneof member fields.
+     */
+    public Builder withField(Field field) {
+      if (oneof != null) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot set field when building a oneof.");
+      }
+      this.field = field;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Specifies the type of this field. */
+    public Builder withType(FieldType type) {
+      this.type = type;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Specifies the unique field number for this field within the message. */
+    public Builder withFieldNumber(int fieldNumber) {
+      this.fieldNumber = fieldNumber;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Specifies proto2 presence information. This should not be called for oneof fields. */
+    public Builder withPresence(Field presenceField, int presenceMask) {
+      this.presenceField = checkNotNull(presenceField, "presenceField");
+      this.presenceMask = presenceMask;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the information for building a oneof member field. This is incompatible with {@link
+     * #withField(Field)} and {@link #withPresence(Field, int)}.
+     *
+     * @param oneof the oneof for which this field is associated.
+     * @param oneofStoredType the actual type stored in the oneof value for this field. Since the
+     *     oneof value is an {@link Object}, primitives will store their boxed type.
+     */
+    public Builder withOneof(OneofInfo oneof, Class<?> oneofStoredType) {
+      if (field != null || presenceField != null) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(
+            "Cannot set oneof when field or presenceField have been provided");
+      }
+      this.oneof = oneof;
+      this.oneofStoredType = oneofStoredType;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder withRequired(boolean required) {
+      this.required = required;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder withMapDefaultEntry(Object mapDefaultEntry) {
+      this.mapDefaultEntry = mapDefaultEntry;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder withEnforceUtf8(boolean enforceUtf8) {
+      this.enforceUtf8 = enforceUtf8;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder withEnumVerifier(EnumVerifier enumVerifier) {
+      this.enumVerifier = enumVerifier;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder withCachedSizeField(Field cachedSizeField) {
+      this.cachedSizeField = cachedSizeField;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public FieldInfo build() {
+      if (oneof != null) {
+        return forOneofMemberField(
+            fieldNumber, type, oneof, oneofStoredType, enforceUtf8, enumVerifier);
+      }
+      if (mapDefaultEntry != null) {
+        return forMapField(field, fieldNumber, mapDefaultEntry, enumVerifier);
+      }
+      if (presenceField != null) {
+        if (required) {
+          return forProto2RequiredField(
+              field, fieldNumber, type, presenceField, presenceMask, enforceUtf8, enumVerifier);
+        } else {
+          return forProto2OptionalField(
+              field, fieldNumber, type, presenceField, presenceMask, enforceUtf8, enumVerifier);
+        }
+      }
+      if (enumVerifier != null) {
+        if (cachedSizeField == null) {
+          return forFieldWithEnumVerifier(field, fieldNumber, type, enumVerifier);
+        } else {
+          return forPackedFieldWithEnumVerifier(
+              field, fieldNumber, type, enumVerifier, cachedSizeField);
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (cachedSizeField == null) {
+          return forField(field, fieldNumber, type, enforceUtf8);
+        } else {
+          return forPackedField(field, fieldNumber, type, cachedSizeField);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isExactlyOneBitSet(int value) {
+    return value != 0 && (value & (value - 1)) == 0;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldSet.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldSet.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d52aede95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldSet.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1296 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.LazyField.LazyIterator;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * A class which represents an arbitrary set of fields of some message type. This is used to
+ * implement {@link DynamicMessage}, and also to represent extensions in {@link GeneratedMessage}.
+ * This class is package-private, since outside users should probably be using {@link
+ * DynamicMessage}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+final class FieldSet<T extends FieldSet.FieldDescriptorLite<T>> {
+  /**
+   * Interface for a FieldDescriptor or lite extension descriptor. This prevents FieldSet from
+   * depending on {@link Descriptors.FieldDescriptor}.
+   */
+  public interface FieldDescriptorLite<T extends FieldDescriptorLite<T>> extends Comparable<T> {
+    int getNumber();
+
+    WireFormat.FieldType getLiteType();
+
+    WireFormat.JavaType getLiteJavaType();
+
+    boolean isRepeated();
+
+    boolean isPacked();
+
+    Internal.EnumLiteMap<?> getEnumType();
+
+    // If getLiteJavaType() == MESSAGE, this merges a message object of the
+    // type into a builder of the type.  Returns {@code to}.
+    MessageLite.Builder internalMergeFrom(MessageLite.Builder to, MessageLite from);
+  }
+
+  private static final int DEFAULT_FIELD_MAP_ARRAY_SIZE = 16;
+
+  private final SmallSortedMap<T, Object> fields;
+  private boolean isImmutable;
+  private boolean hasLazyField;
+
+  /** Construct a new FieldSet. */
+  private FieldSet() {
+    this.fields = SmallSortedMap.newFieldMap(DEFAULT_FIELD_MAP_ARRAY_SIZE);
+  }
+
+  /** Construct an empty FieldSet. This is only used to initialize DEFAULT_INSTANCE. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+  private FieldSet(final boolean dummy) {
+    this(SmallSortedMap.<T>newFieldMap(0));
+    makeImmutable();
+  }
+
+  private FieldSet(SmallSortedMap<T, Object> fields) {
+    this.fields = fields;
+    makeImmutable();
+  }
+
+  /** Construct a new FieldSet. */
+  public static <T extends FieldSet.FieldDescriptorLite<T>> FieldSet<T> newFieldSet() {
+    return new FieldSet<T>();
+  }
+
+  /** Get an immutable empty FieldSet. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public static <T extends FieldSet.FieldDescriptorLite<T>> FieldSet<T> emptySet() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  /** Construct a new Builder. */
+  public static <T extends FieldDescriptorLite<T>> Builder<T> newBuilder() {
+    return new Builder<T>();
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+  private static final FieldSet DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new FieldSet(true);
+
+  /** Returns {@code true} if empty, {@code false} otherwise. */
+  boolean isEmpty() {
+    return fields.isEmpty();
+  }
+
+  /** Make this FieldSet immutable from this point forward. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public void makeImmutable() {
+    if (isImmutable) {
+      return;
+    }
+    fields.makeImmutable();
+    isImmutable = true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns whether the FieldSet is immutable. This is true if it is the {@link #emptySet} or if
+   * {@link #makeImmutable} were called.
+   *
+   * @return whether the FieldSet is immutable.
+   */
+  public boolean isImmutable() {
+    return isImmutable;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!(o instanceof FieldSet)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    FieldSet<?> other = (FieldSet<?>) o;
+    return fields.equals(other.fields);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return fields.hashCode();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clones the FieldSet. The returned FieldSet will be mutable even if the original FieldSet was
+   * immutable.
+   *
+   * @return the newly cloned FieldSet
+   */
+  @Override
+  public FieldSet<T> clone() {
+    // We can't just call fields.clone because List objects in the map
+    // should not be shared.
+    FieldSet<T> clone = FieldSet.newFieldSet();
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.getNumArrayEntries(); i++) {
+      Map.Entry<T, Object> entry = fields.getArrayEntryAt(i);
+      clone.setField(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+    }
+    for (Map.Entry<T, Object> entry : fields.getOverflowEntries()) {
+      clone.setField(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+    }
+    clone.hasLazyField = hasLazyField;
+    return clone;
+  }
+
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** See {@link Message.Builder#clear()}. */
+  public void clear() {
+    fields.clear();
+    hasLazyField = false;
+  }
+
+  /** Get a simple map containing all the fields. */
+  public Map<T, Object> getAllFields() {
+    if (hasLazyField) {
+      SmallSortedMap<T, Object> result = cloneAllFieldsMap(fields, /* copyList */ false);
+      if (fields.isImmutable()) {
+        result.makeImmutable();
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+    return fields.isImmutable() ? fields : Collections.unmodifiableMap(fields);
+  }
+
+  private static <T extends FieldDescriptorLite<T>> SmallSortedMap<T, Object> cloneAllFieldsMap(
+      SmallSortedMap<T, Object> fields, boolean copyList) {
+    SmallSortedMap<T, Object> result = SmallSortedMap.newFieldMap(DEFAULT_FIELD_MAP_ARRAY_SIZE);
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.getNumArrayEntries(); i++) {
+      cloneFieldEntry(result, fields.getArrayEntryAt(i), copyList);
+    }
+    for (Map.Entry<T, Object> entry : fields.getOverflowEntries()) {
+      cloneFieldEntry(result, entry, copyList);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private static <T extends FieldDescriptorLite<T>> void cloneFieldEntry(
+      Map<T, Object> map, Map.Entry<T, Object> entry, boolean copyList) {
+    T key = entry.getKey();
+    Object value = entry.getValue();
+    if (value instanceof LazyField) {
+      map.put(key, ((LazyField) value).getValue());
+    } else if (copyList && value instanceof List) {
+      map.put(key, new ArrayList<>((List<?>) value));
+    } else {
+      map.put(key, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get an iterator to the field map. This iterator should not be leaked out of the protobuf
+   * library as it is not protected from mutation when fields is not immutable.
+   */
+  public Iterator<Map.Entry<T, Object>> iterator() {
+    if (hasLazyField) {
+      return new LazyIterator<T>(fields.entrySet().iterator());
+    }
+    return fields.entrySet().iterator();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get an iterator over the fields in the map in descending (i.e. reverse) order. This iterator
+   * should not be leaked out of the protobuf library as it is not protected from mutation when
+   * fields is not immutable.
+   */
+  Iterator<Map.Entry<T, Object>> descendingIterator() {
+    if (hasLazyField) {
+      return new LazyIterator<T>(fields.descendingEntrySet().iterator());
+    }
+    return fields.descendingEntrySet().iterator();
+  }
+
+  /** Useful for implementing {@link Message#hasField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)}. */
+  public boolean hasField(final T descriptor) {
+    if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("hasField() can only be called on non-repeated fields.");
+    }
+
+    return fields.get(descriptor) != null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Useful for implementing {@link Message#getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)}. This method
+   * returns {@code null} if the field is not set; in this case it is up to the caller to fetch the
+   * field's default value.
+   */
+  public Object getField(final T descriptor) {
+    Object o = fields.get(descriptor);
+    if (o instanceof LazyField) {
+      return ((LazyField) o).getValue();
+    }
+    return o;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Useful for implementing {@link Message.Builder#setField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor,Object)}.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+  public void setField(final T descriptor, Object value) {
+    if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+      if (!(value instanceof List)) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Wrong object type used with protocol message reflection.");
+      }
+
+      // Wrap the contents in a new list so that the caller cannot change
+      // the list's contents after setting it.
+      final List newList = new ArrayList();
+      newList.addAll((List) value);
+      for (final Object element : newList) {
+        verifyType(descriptor.getLiteType(), element);
+      }
+      value = newList;
+    } else {
+      verifyType(descriptor.getLiteType(), value);
+    }
+
+    if (value instanceof LazyField) {
+      hasLazyField = true;
+    }
+    fields.put(descriptor, value);
+  }
+
+  /** Useful for implementing {@link Message.Builder#clearField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)}. */
+  public void clearField(final T descriptor) {
+    fields.remove(descriptor);
+    if (fields.isEmpty()) {
+      hasLazyField = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Useful for implementing {@link Message#getRepeatedFieldCount(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)}. */
+  public int getRepeatedFieldCount(final T descriptor) {
+    if (!descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "getRepeatedField() can only be called on repeated fields.");
+    }
+
+    final Object value = getField(descriptor);
+    if (value == null) {
+      return 0;
+    } else {
+      return ((List<?>) value).size();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Useful for implementing {@link Message#getRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor,int)}. */
+  public Object getRepeatedField(final T descriptor, final int index) {
+    if (!descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "getRepeatedField() can only be called on repeated fields.");
+    }
+
+    final Object value = getField(descriptor);
+
+    if (value == null) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+    } else {
+      return ((List<?>) value).get(index);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Useful for implementing {@link
+   * Message.Builder#setRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor,int,Object)}.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public void setRepeatedField(final T descriptor, final int index, final Object value) {
+    if (!descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "getRepeatedField() can only be called on repeated fields.");
+    }
+
+    final Object list = getField(descriptor);
+    if (list == null) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+    }
+
+    verifyType(descriptor.getLiteType(), value);
+    ((List<Object>) list).set(index, value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Useful for implementing {@link
+   * Message.Builder#addRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor,Object)}.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public void addRepeatedField(final T descriptor, final Object value) {
+    if (!descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "addRepeatedField() can only be called on repeated fields.");
+    }
+
+    verifyType(descriptor.getLiteType(), value);
+
+    final Object existingValue = getField(descriptor);
+    List<Object> list;
+    if (existingValue == null) {
+      list = new ArrayList<Object>();
+      fields.put(descriptor, list);
+    } else {
+      list = (List<Object>) existingValue;
+    }
+
+    list.add(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verifies that the given object is of the correct type to be a valid value for the given field.
+   * (For repeated fields, this checks if the object is the right type to be one element of the
+   * field.)
+   *
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException The value is not of the right type.
+   */
+  private void verifyType(final WireFormat.FieldType type, final Object value) {
+    if (!isValidType(type, value)) {
+      // TODO(kenton):  When chaining calls to setField(), it can be hard to
+      //   tell from the stack trace which exact call failed, since the whole
+      //   chain is considered one line of code.  It would be nice to print
+      //   more information here, e.g. naming the field.  We used to do that.
+      //   But we can't now that FieldSet doesn't use descriptors.  Maybe this
+      //   isn't a big deal, though, since it would only really apply when using
+      //   reflection and generally people don't chain reflection setters.
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Wrong object type used with protocol message reflection.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isValidType(final WireFormat.FieldType type, final Object value) {
+    checkNotNull(value);
+    switch (type.getJavaType()) {
+      case INT:
+        return value instanceof Integer;
+      case LONG:
+        return value instanceof Long;
+      case FLOAT:
+        return value instanceof Float;
+      case DOUBLE:
+        return value instanceof Double;
+      case BOOLEAN:
+        return value instanceof Boolean;
+      case STRING:
+        return value instanceof String;
+      case BYTE_STRING:
+        return value instanceof ByteString || value instanceof byte[];
+      case ENUM:
+        // TODO(kenton):  Caller must do type checking here, I guess.
+        return (value instanceof Integer || value instanceof Internal.EnumLite);
+      case MESSAGE:
+        // TODO(kenton):  Caller must do type checking here, I guess.
+        return (value instanceof MessageLite) || (value instanceof LazyField);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Parsing and serialization
+
+  /**
+   * See {@link Message#isInitialized()}. Note: Since {@code FieldSet} itself does not have any way
+   * of knowing about required fields that aren't actually present in the set, it is up to the
+   * caller to check that all required fields are present.
+   */
+  public boolean isInitialized() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.getNumArrayEntries(); i++) {
+      if (!isInitialized(fields.getArrayEntryAt(i))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    for (final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry : fields.getOverflowEntries()) {
+      if (!isInitialized(entry)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static <T extends FieldDescriptorLite<T>> boolean isInitialized(
+      final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry) {
+    final T descriptor = entry.getKey();
+    if (descriptor.getLiteJavaType() == WireFormat.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+      if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        for (final MessageLite element : (List<MessageLite>) entry.getValue()) {
+          if (!element.isInitialized()) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        Object value = entry.getValue();
+        if (value instanceof MessageLite) {
+          if (!((MessageLite) value).isInitialized()) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        } else if (value instanceof LazyField) {
+          return true;
+        } else {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+              "Wrong object type used with protocol message reflection.");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Given a field type, return the wire type.
+   *
+   * @return One of the {@code WIRETYPE_} constants defined in {@link WireFormat}.
+   */
+  static int getWireFormatForFieldType(final WireFormat.FieldType type, boolean isPacked) {
+    if (isPacked) {
+      return WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED;
+    } else {
+      return type.getWireType();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link Message.Builder#mergeFrom(Message)}, but merges from another {@link FieldSet}. */
+  public void mergeFrom(final FieldSet<T> other) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < other.fields.getNumArrayEntries(); i++) {
+      mergeFromField(other.fields.getArrayEntryAt(i));
+    }
+    for (final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry : other.fields.getOverflowEntries()) {
+      mergeFromField(entry);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static Object cloneIfMutable(Object value) {
+    if (value instanceof byte[]) {
+      byte[] bytes = (byte[]) value;
+      byte[] copy = new byte[bytes.length];
+      System.arraycopy(bytes, 0, copy, 0, bytes.length);
+      return copy;
+    } else {
+      return value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+  private void mergeFromField(final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry) {
+    final T descriptor = entry.getKey();
+    Object otherValue = entry.getValue();
+    if (otherValue instanceof LazyField) {
+      otherValue = ((LazyField) otherValue).getValue();
+    }
+
+    if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+      Object value = getField(descriptor);
+      if (value == null) {
+        value = new ArrayList<>();
+      }
+      for (Object element : (List) otherValue) {
+        ((List) value).add(cloneIfMutable(element));
+      }
+      fields.put(descriptor, value);
+    } else if (descriptor.getLiteJavaType() == WireFormat.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+      Object value = getField(descriptor);
+      if (value == null) {
+        fields.put(descriptor, cloneIfMutable(otherValue));
+      } else {
+        // Merge the messages.
+          value =
+              descriptor
+                  .internalMergeFrom(((MessageLite) value).toBuilder(), (MessageLite) otherValue)
+                  .build();
+        fields.put(descriptor, value);
+      }
+    } else {
+      fields.put(descriptor, cloneIfMutable(otherValue));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // TODO(kenton):  Move static parsing and serialization methods into some
+  //   other class.  Probably WireFormat.
+
+  /**
+   * Read a field of any primitive type for immutable messages from a CodedInputStream. Enums,
+   * groups, and embedded messages are not handled by this method.
+   *
+   * @param input The stream from which to read.
+   * @param type Declared type of the field.
+   * @param checkUtf8 When true, check that the input is valid utf8.
+   * @return An object representing the field's value, of the exact type which would be returned by
+   *     {@link Message#getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)} for this field.
+   */
+  public static Object readPrimitiveField(
+      CodedInputStream input, final WireFormat.FieldType type, boolean checkUtf8)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (checkUtf8) {
+      return WireFormat.readPrimitiveField(input, type, WireFormat.Utf8Validation.STRICT);
+    } else {
+      return WireFormat.readPrimitiveField(input, type, WireFormat.Utf8Validation.LOOSE);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /** See {@link Message#writeTo(CodedOutputStream)}. */
+  public void writeTo(final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.getNumArrayEntries(); i++) {
+      final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry = fields.getArrayEntryAt(i);
+      writeField(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue(), output);
+    }
+    for (final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry : fields.getOverflowEntries()) {
+      writeField(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue(), output);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #writeTo} but uses MessageSet wire format. */
+  public void writeMessageSetTo(final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.getNumArrayEntries(); i++) {
+      writeMessageSetTo(fields.getArrayEntryAt(i), output);
+    }
+    for (final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry : fields.getOverflowEntries()) {
+      writeMessageSetTo(entry, output);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void writeMessageSetTo(final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry, final CodedOutputStream output)
+      throws IOException {
+    final T descriptor = entry.getKey();
+    if (descriptor.getLiteJavaType() == WireFormat.JavaType.MESSAGE
+        && !descriptor.isRepeated()
+        && !descriptor.isPacked()) {
+      Object value = entry.getValue();
+      if (value instanceof LazyField) {
+        value = ((LazyField) value).getValue();
+      }
+      output.writeMessageSetExtension(entry.getKey().getNumber(), (MessageLite) value);
+    } else {
+      writeField(descriptor, entry.getValue(), output);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write a single tag-value pair to the stream.
+   *
+   * @param output The output stream.
+   * @param type The field's type.
+   * @param number The field's number.
+   * @param value Object representing the field's value. Must be of the exact type which would be
+   *     returned by {@link Message#getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)} for this field.
+   */
+  static void writeElement(
+      final CodedOutputStream output,
+      final WireFormat.FieldType type,
+      final int number,
+      final Object value)
+      throws IOException {
+    // Special case for groups, which need a start and end tag; other fields
+    // can just use writeTag() and writeFieldNoTag().
+    if (type == WireFormat.FieldType.GROUP) {
+        output.writeGroup(number, (MessageLite) value);
+    } else {
+      output.writeTag(number, getWireFormatForFieldType(type, false));
+      writeElementNoTag(output, type, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write a field of arbitrary type, without its tag, to the stream.
+   *
+   * @param output The output stream.
+   * @param type The field's type.
+   * @param value Object representing the field's value. Must be of the exact type which would be
+   *     returned by {@link Message#getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)} for this field.
+   */
+  static void writeElementNoTag(
+      final CodedOutputStream output, final WireFormat.FieldType type, final Object value)
+      throws IOException {
+    switch (type) {
+      case DOUBLE:
+        output.writeDoubleNoTag((Double) value);
+        break;
+      case FLOAT:
+        output.writeFloatNoTag((Float) value);
+        break;
+      case INT64:
+        output.writeInt64NoTag((Long) value);
+        break;
+      case UINT64:
+        output.writeUInt64NoTag((Long) value);
+        break;
+      case INT32:
+        output.writeInt32NoTag((Integer) value);
+        break;
+      case FIXED64:
+        output.writeFixed64NoTag((Long) value);
+        break;
+      case FIXED32:
+        output.writeFixed32NoTag((Integer) value);
+        break;
+      case BOOL:
+        output.writeBoolNoTag((Boolean) value);
+        break;
+      case GROUP:
+        output.writeGroupNoTag((MessageLite) value);
+        break;
+      case MESSAGE:
+        output.writeMessageNoTag((MessageLite) value);
+        break;
+      case STRING:
+        if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+          output.writeBytesNoTag((ByteString) value);
+        } else {
+          output.writeStringNoTag((String) value);
+        }
+        break;
+      case BYTES:
+        if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+          output.writeBytesNoTag((ByteString) value);
+        } else {
+          output.writeByteArrayNoTag((byte[]) value);
+        }
+        break;
+      case UINT32:
+        output.writeUInt32NoTag((Integer) value);
+        break;
+      case SFIXED32:
+        output.writeSFixed32NoTag((Integer) value);
+        break;
+      case SFIXED64:
+        output.writeSFixed64NoTag((Long) value);
+        break;
+      case SINT32:
+        output.writeSInt32NoTag((Integer) value);
+        break;
+      case SINT64:
+        output.writeSInt64NoTag((Long) value);
+        break;
+
+      case ENUM:
+        if (value instanceof Internal.EnumLite) {
+          output.writeEnumNoTag(((Internal.EnumLite) value).getNumber());
+        } else {
+          output.writeEnumNoTag(((Integer) value).intValue());
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Write a single field. */
+  public static void writeField(
+      final FieldDescriptorLite<?> descriptor, final Object value, final CodedOutputStream output)
+      throws IOException {
+    WireFormat.FieldType type = descriptor.getLiteType();
+    int number = descriptor.getNumber();
+    if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+      final List<?> valueList = (List<?>) value;
+      if (descriptor.isPacked()) {
+        output.writeTag(number, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+        // Compute the total data size so the length can be written.
+        int dataSize = 0;
+        for (final Object element : valueList) {
+          dataSize += computeElementSizeNoTag(type, element);
+        }
+        output.writeRawVarint32(dataSize);
+        // Write the data itself, without any tags.
+        for (final Object element : valueList) {
+          writeElementNoTag(output, type, element);
+        }
+      } else {
+        for (final Object element : valueList) {
+          writeElement(output, type, number, element);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (value instanceof LazyField) {
+        writeElement(output, type, number, ((LazyField) value).getValue());
+      } else {
+        writeElement(output, type, number, value);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * See {@link Message#getSerializedSize()}. It's up to the caller to cache the resulting size if
+   * desired.
+   */
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    int size = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.getNumArrayEntries(); i++) {
+      final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry = fields.getArrayEntryAt(i);
+      size += computeFieldSize(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+    }
+    for (final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry : fields.getOverflowEntries()) {
+      size += computeFieldSize(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #getSerializedSize} but uses MessageSet wire format. */
+  public int getMessageSetSerializedSize() {
+    int size = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.getNumArrayEntries(); i++) {
+      size += getMessageSetSerializedSize(fields.getArrayEntryAt(i));
+    }
+    for (final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry : fields.getOverflowEntries()) {
+      size += getMessageSetSerializedSize(entry);
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  private int getMessageSetSerializedSize(final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry) {
+    final T descriptor = entry.getKey();
+    Object value = entry.getValue();
+    if (descriptor.getLiteJavaType() == WireFormat.JavaType.MESSAGE
+        && !descriptor.isRepeated()
+        && !descriptor.isPacked()) {
+      if (value instanceof LazyField) {
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeLazyFieldMessageSetExtensionSize(
+            entry.getKey().getNumber(), (LazyField) value);
+      } else {
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeMessageSetExtensionSize(
+            entry.getKey().getNumber(), (MessageLite) value);
+      }
+    } else {
+      return computeFieldSize(descriptor, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a single tag/value pair of arbitrary
+   * type.
+   *
+   * @param type The field's type.
+   * @param number The field's number.
+   * @param value Object representing the field's value. Must be of the exact type which would be
+   *     returned by {@link Message#getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)} for this field.
+   */
+  static int computeElementSize(
+      final WireFormat.FieldType type, final int number, final Object value) {
+    int tagSize = CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number);
+    if (type == WireFormat.FieldType.GROUP) {
+      // Only count the end group tag for proto2 messages as for proto1 the end
+      // group tag will be counted as a part of getSerializedSize().
+        tagSize *= 2;
+    }
+    return tagSize + computeElementSizeNoTag(type, value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a particular value of arbitrary
+   * type, excluding tag.
+   *
+   * @param type The field's type.
+   * @param value Object representing the field's value. Must be of the exact type which would be
+   *     returned by {@link Message#getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)} for this field.
+   */
+  static int computeElementSizeNoTag(final WireFormat.FieldType type, final Object value) {
+    switch (type) {
+        // Note:  Minor violation of 80-char limit rule here because this would
+        //   actually be harder to read if we wrapped the lines.
+      case DOUBLE:
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeDoubleSizeNoTag((Double) value);
+      case FLOAT:
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeFloatSizeNoTag((Float) value);
+      case INT64:
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeInt64SizeNoTag((Long) value);
+      case UINT64:
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeUInt64SizeNoTag((Long) value);
+      case INT32:
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeInt32SizeNoTag((Integer) value);
+      case FIXED64:
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeFixed64SizeNoTag((Long) value);
+      case FIXED32:
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeFixed32SizeNoTag((Integer) value);
+      case BOOL:
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeBoolSizeNoTag((Boolean) value);
+      case GROUP:
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeGroupSizeNoTag((MessageLite) value);
+      case BYTES:
+        if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+          return CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSizeNoTag((ByteString) value);
+        } else {
+          return CodedOutputStream.computeByteArraySizeNoTag((byte[]) value);
+        }
+      case STRING:
+        if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+          return CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSizeNoTag((ByteString) value);
+        } else {
+          return CodedOutputStream.computeStringSizeNoTag((String) value);
+        }
+      case UINT32:
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag((Integer) value);
+      case SFIXED32:
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed32SizeNoTag((Integer) value);
+      case SFIXED64:
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed64SizeNoTag((Long) value);
+      case SINT32:
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeSInt32SizeNoTag((Integer) value);
+      case SINT64:
+        return CodedOutputStream.computeSInt64SizeNoTag((Long) value);
+
+      case MESSAGE:
+        if (value instanceof LazyField) {
+          return CodedOutputStream.computeLazyFieldSizeNoTag((LazyField) value);
+        } else {
+          return CodedOutputStream.computeMessageSizeNoTag((MessageLite) value);
+        }
+
+      case ENUM:
+        if (value instanceof Internal.EnumLite) {
+          return CodedOutputStream.computeEnumSizeNoTag(((Internal.EnumLite) value).getNumber());
+        } else {
+          return CodedOutputStream.computeEnumSizeNoTag((Integer) value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    throw new RuntimeException("There is no way to get here, but the compiler thinks otherwise.");
+  }
+
+  /** Compute the number of bytes needed to encode a particular field. */
+  public static int computeFieldSize(final FieldDescriptorLite<?> descriptor, final Object value) {
+    WireFormat.FieldType type = descriptor.getLiteType();
+    int number = descriptor.getNumber();
+    if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+      if (descriptor.isPacked()) {
+        int dataSize = 0;
+        for (final Object element : (List<?>) value) {
+          dataSize += computeElementSizeNoTag(type, element);
+        }
+        return dataSize
+            + CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+            + CodedOutputStream.computeRawVarint32Size(dataSize);
+      } else {
+        int size = 0;
+        for (final Object element : (List<?>) value) {
+          size += computeElementSize(type, number, element);
+        }
+        return size;
+      }
+    } else {
+      return computeElementSize(type, number, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A FieldSet Builder that accept a {@link MessageLite.Builder} as a field value. This is useful
+   * for implementing methods in {@link MessageLite.Builder}.
+   */
+  static final class Builder<T extends FieldDescriptorLite<T>> {
+
+    private SmallSortedMap<T, Object> fields;
+    private boolean hasLazyField;
+    private boolean isMutable;
+    private boolean hasNestedBuilders;
+
+    private Builder() {
+      this(SmallSortedMap.<T>newFieldMap(DEFAULT_FIELD_MAP_ARRAY_SIZE));
+    }
+
+    private Builder(SmallSortedMap<T, Object> fields) {
+      this.fields = fields;
+      this.isMutable = true;
+    }
+
+    /** Creates the FieldSet */
+    public FieldSet<T> build() {
+      if (fields.isEmpty()) {
+        return FieldSet.emptySet();
+      }
+      isMutable = false;
+      SmallSortedMap<T, Object> fieldsForBuild = fields;
+      if (hasNestedBuilders) {
+        // Make a copy of the fields map with all Builders replaced by Message.
+        fieldsForBuild = cloneAllFieldsMap(fields, /* copyList */ false);
+        replaceBuilders(fieldsForBuild);
+      }
+      FieldSet<T> fieldSet = new FieldSet<>(fieldsForBuild);
+      fieldSet.hasLazyField = hasLazyField;
+      return fieldSet;
+    }
+
+    private static <T extends FieldDescriptorLite<T>> void replaceBuilders(
+        SmallSortedMap<T, Object> fieldMap) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < fieldMap.getNumArrayEntries(); i++) {
+        replaceBuilders(fieldMap.getArrayEntryAt(i));
+      }
+      for (Map.Entry<T, Object> entry : fieldMap.getOverflowEntries()) {
+        replaceBuilders(entry);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static <T extends FieldDescriptorLite<T>> void replaceBuilders(
+        Map.Entry<T, Object> entry) {
+      entry.setValue(replaceBuilders(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
+    }
+
+    private static <T extends FieldDescriptorLite<T>> Object replaceBuilders(
+        T descriptor, Object value) {
+      if (value == null) {
+        return value;
+      }
+      if (descriptor.getLiteJavaType() == WireFormat.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+          if (!(value instanceof List)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "Repeated field should contains a List but actually contains type: "
+                    + value.getClass());
+          }
+          @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")  // We just check that value is an instance of List above.
+          List<Object> list = (List<Object>) value;
+          for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
+            Object oldElement = list.get(i);
+            Object newElement = replaceBuilder(oldElement);
+            if (newElement != oldElement) {
+              // If the list contains a Message.Builder, then make a copy of that list and then
+              // modify the Message.Builder into a Message and return the new list. This way, the
+              // existing Message.Builder will still be able to modify the inner fields of the
+              // original FieldSet.Builder.
+              if (list == value) {
+                list = new ArrayList<>(list);
+              }
+              list.set(i, newElement);
+            }
+          }
+          return list;
+        } else {
+          return replaceBuilder(value);
+        }
+      }
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    private static Object replaceBuilder(Object value) {
+      return (value instanceof MessageLite.Builder) ? ((MessageLite.Builder) value).build() : value;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns a new Builder using the fields from {@code fieldSet}. */
+    public static <T extends FieldDescriptorLite<T>> Builder<T> fromFieldSet(FieldSet<T> fieldSet) {
+      Builder<T> builder = new Builder<T>(cloneAllFieldsMap(fieldSet.fields, /* copyList */ true));
+      builder.hasLazyField = fieldSet.hasLazyField;
+      return builder;
+    }
+
+    // =================================================================
+
+    /** Get a simple map containing all the fields. */
+    public Map<T, Object> getAllFields() {
+      if (hasLazyField) {
+        SmallSortedMap<T, Object> result = cloneAllFieldsMap(fields, /* copyList */ false);
+        if (fields.isImmutable()) {
+          result.makeImmutable();
+        } else {
+          replaceBuilders(result);
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+      return fields.isImmutable() ? fields : Collections.unmodifiableMap(fields);
+    }
+
+    /** Useful for implementing {@link Message#hasField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)}. */
+    public boolean hasField(final T descriptor) {
+      if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("hasField() can only be called on non-repeated fields.");
+      }
+
+      return fields.get(descriptor) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Useful for implementing {@link Message#getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)}. This method
+     * returns {@code null} if the field is not set; in this case it is up to the caller to fetch
+     * the field's default value.
+     */
+    public Object getField(final T descriptor) {
+      Object value = getFieldAllowBuilders(descriptor);
+      return replaceBuilders(descriptor, value);
+    }
+
+    /** Same as {@link #getField(F)}, but allow a {@link MessageLite.Builder} to be returned. */
+    Object getFieldAllowBuilders(final T descriptor) {
+      Object o = fields.get(descriptor);
+      if (o instanceof LazyField) {
+        return ((LazyField) o).getValue();
+      }
+      return o;
+    }
+
+    private void ensureIsMutable() {
+      if (!isMutable) {
+        fields = cloneAllFieldsMap(fields, /* copyList */ true);
+        isMutable = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Useful for implementing {@link Message.Builder#setField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor,
+     * Object)}.
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+    public void setField(final T descriptor, Object value) {
+      ensureIsMutable();
+      if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        if (!(value instanceof List)) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+              "Wrong object type used with protocol message reflection.");
+        }
+
+        // Wrap the contents in a new list so that the caller cannot change
+        // the list's contents after setting it.
+        final List newList = new ArrayList();
+        newList.addAll((List) value);
+        for (final Object element : newList) {
+          verifyType(descriptor.getLiteType(), element);
+          hasNestedBuilders = hasNestedBuilders || element instanceof MessageLite.Builder;
+        }
+        value = newList;
+      } else {
+        verifyType(descriptor.getLiteType(), value);
+      }
+
+      if (value instanceof LazyField) {
+        hasLazyField = true;
+      }
+      hasNestedBuilders = hasNestedBuilders || value instanceof MessageLite.Builder;
+
+      fields.put(descriptor, value);
+    }
+
+    /** Useful for implementing {@link Message.Builder#clearField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)}. */
+    public void clearField(final T descriptor) {
+      ensureIsMutable();
+      fields.remove(descriptor);
+      if (fields.isEmpty()) {
+        hasLazyField = false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Useful for implementing {@link Message#getRepeatedFieldCount(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)}.
+     */
+    public int getRepeatedFieldCount(final T descriptor) {
+      if (!descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "getRepeatedField() can only be called on repeated fields.");
+      }
+
+      final Object value = getField(descriptor);
+      if (value == null) {
+        return 0;
+      } else {
+        return ((List<?>) value).size();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Useful for implementing {@link Message#getRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, int)}.
+     */
+    public Object getRepeatedField(final T descriptor, final int index) {
+      if (hasNestedBuilders) {
+        ensureIsMutable();
+      }
+      Object value = getRepeatedFieldAllowBuilders(descriptor, index);
+      return replaceBuilder(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Same as {@link #getRepeatedField(F, int)}, but allow a {@link MessageLite.Builder} to be
+     * returned.
+     */
+    Object getRepeatedFieldAllowBuilders(final T descriptor, final int index) {
+      if (!descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "getRepeatedField() can only be called on repeated fields.");
+      }
+
+      final Object value = getFieldAllowBuilders(descriptor);
+
+      if (value == null) {
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+      } else {
+        return ((List<?>) value).get(index);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Useful for implementing {@link Message.Builder#setRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor,
+     * int, Object)}.
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public void setRepeatedField(final T descriptor, final int index, final Object value) {
+      ensureIsMutable();
+      if (!descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "getRepeatedField() can only be called on repeated fields.");
+      }
+
+      hasNestedBuilders = hasNestedBuilders || value instanceof MessageLite.Builder;
+
+      final Object list = getField(descriptor);
+      if (list == null) {
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+      }
+
+      verifyType(descriptor.getLiteType(), value);
+      ((List<Object>) list).set(index, value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Useful for implementing {@link Message.Builder#addRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor,
+     * Object)}.
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public void addRepeatedField(final T descriptor, final Object value) {
+      ensureIsMutable();
+      if (!descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "addRepeatedField() can only be called on repeated fields.");
+      }
+
+      hasNestedBuilders = hasNestedBuilders || value instanceof MessageLite.Builder;
+
+      verifyType(descriptor.getLiteType(), value);
+
+      final Object existingValue = getField(descriptor);
+      List<Object> list;
+      if (existingValue == null) {
+        list = new ArrayList<>();
+        fields.put(descriptor, list);
+      } else {
+        list = (List<Object>) existingValue;
+      }
+
+      list.add(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that the given object is of the correct type to be a valid value for the given
+     * field. (For repeated fields, this checks if the object is the right type to be one element of
+     * the field.)
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException The value is not of the right type.
+     */
+    private static void verifyType(final WireFormat.FieldType type, final Object value) {
+      if (!FieldSet.isValidType(type, value)) {
+        // Builder can accept Message.Builder values even though FieldSet will reject.
+        if (type.getJavaType() == WireFormat.JavaType.MESSAGE
+            && value instanceof MessageLite.Builder) {
+          return;
+        }
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Wrong object type used with protocol message reflection.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * See {@link Message#isInitialized()}. Note: Since {@code FieldSet} itself does not have any
+     * way of knowing about required fields that aren't actually present in the set, it is up to the
+     * caller to check that all required fields are present.
+     */
+    public boolean isInitialized() {
+      for (int i = 0; i < fields.getNumArrayEntries(); i++) {
+        if (!FieldSet.isInitialized(fields.getArrayEntryAt(i))) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      for (final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry : fields.getOverflowEntries()) {
+        if (!FieldSet.isInitialized(entry)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@link Message.Builder#mergeFrom(Message)}, but merges from another {@link FieldSet}.
+     */
+    public void mergeFrom(final FieldSet<T> other) {
+      ensureIsMutable();
+      for (int i = 0; i < other.fields.getNumArrayEntries(); i++) {
+        mergeFromField(other.fields.getArrayEntryAt(i));
+      }
+      for (final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry : other.fields.getOverflowEntries()) {
+        mergeFromField(entry);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+    private void mergeFromField(final Map.Entry<T, Object> entry) {
+      final T descriptor = entry.getKey();
+      Object otherValue = entry.getValue();
+      if (otherValue instanceof LazyField) {
+        otherValue = ((LazyField) otherValue).getValue();
+      }
+
+      if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        Object value = getField(descriptor);
+        if (value == null) {
+          value = new ArrayList<>();
+        }
+        for (Object element : (List) otherValue) {
+          ((List) value).add(FieldSet.cloneIfMutable(element));
+        }
+        fields.put(descriptor, value);
+      } else if (descriptor.getLiteJavaType() == WireFormat.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        Object value = getField(descriptor);
+        if (value == null) {
+          fields.put(descriptor, FieldSet.cloneIfMutable(otherValue));
+        } else {
+          // Merge the messages.
+          if (value instanceof MessageLite.Builder) {
+            descriptor.internalMergeFrom((MessageLite.Builder) value, (MessageLite) otherValue);
+          } else {
+            value =
+                descriptor
+                    .internalMergeFrom(((MessageLite) value).toBuilder(), (MessageLite) otherValue)
+                    .build();
+            fields.put(descriptor, value);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        fields.put(descriptor, cloneIfMutable(otherValue));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldType.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldType.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1b8f9e5da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldType.java
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
+import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/** Enumeration identifying all relevant type information for a protobuf field. */
+@ExperimentalApi
+public enum FieldType {
+  DOUBLE(0, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.DOUBLE),
+  FLOAT(1, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.FLOAT),
+  INT64(2, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.LONG),
+  UINT64(3, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.LONG),
+  INT32(4, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.INT),
+  FIXED64(5, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.LONG),
+  FIXED32(6, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.INT),
+  BOOL(7, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.BOOLEAN),
+  STRING(8, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.STRING),
+  MESSAGE(9, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.MESSAGE),
+  BYTES(10, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.BYTE_STRING),
+  UINT32(11, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.INT),
+  ENUM(12, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.ENUM),
+  SFIXED32(13, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.INT),
+  SFIXED64(14, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.LONG),
+  SINT32(15, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.INT),
+  SINT64(16, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.LONG),
+  GROUP(17, Collection.SCALAR, JavaType.MESSAGE),
+  DOUBLE_LIST(18, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.DOUBLE),
+  FLOAT_LIST(19, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.FLOAT),
+  INT64_LIST(20, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.LONG),
+  UINT64_LIST(21, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.LONG),
+  INT32_LIST(22, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.INT),
+  FIXED64_LIST(23, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.LONG),
+  FIXED32_LIST(24, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.INT),
+  BOOL_LIST(25, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.BOOLEAN),
+  STRING_LIST(26, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.STRING),
+  MESSAGE_LIST(27, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.MESSAGE),
+  BYTES_LIST(28, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.BYTE_STRING),
+  UINT32_LIST(29, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.INT),
+  ENUM_LIST(30, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.ENUM),
+  SFIXED32_LIST(31, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.INT),
+  SFIXED64_LIST(32, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.LONG),
+  SINT32_LIST(33, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.INT),
+  SINT64_LIST(34, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.LONG),
+  DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED(35, Collection.PACKED_VECTOR, JavaType.DOUBLE),
+  FLOAT_LIST_PACKED(36, Collection.PACKED_VECTOR, JavaType.FLOAT),
+  INT64_LIST_PACKED(37, Collection.PACKED_VECTOR, JavaType.LONG),
+  UINT64_LIST_PACKED(38, Collection.PACKED_VECTOR, JavaType.LONG),
+  INT32_LIST_PACKED(39, Collection.PACKED_VECTOR, JavaType.INT),
+  FIXED64_LIST_PACKED(40, Collection.PACKED_VECTOR, JavaType.LONG),
+  FIXED32_LIST_PACKED(41, Collection.PACKED_VECTOR, JavaType.INT),
+  BOOL_LIST_PACKED(42, Collection.PACKED_VECTOR, JavaType.BOOLEAN),
+  UINT32_LIST_PACKED(43, Collection.PACKED_VECTOR, JavaType.INT),
+  ENUM_LIST_PACKED(44, Collection.PACKED_VECTOR, JavaType.ENUM),
+  SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED(45, Collection.PACKED_VECTOR, JavaType.INT),
+  SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED(46, Collection.PACKED_VECTOR, JavaType.LONG),
+  SINT32_LIST_PACKED(47, Collection.PACKED_VECTOR, JavaType.INT),
+  SINT64_LIST_PACKED(48, Collection.PACKED_VECTOR, JavaType.LONG),
+  GROUP_LIST(49, Collection.VECTOR, JavaType.MESSAGE),
+  MAP(50, Collection.MAP, JavaType.VOID);
+
+  private final JavaType javaType;
+  private final int id;
+  private final Collection collection;
+  private final Class<?> elementType;
+  private final boolean primitiveScalar;
+
+  FieldType(int id, Collection collection, JavaType javaType) {
+    this.id = id;
+    this.collection = collection;
+    this.javaType = javaType;
+
+    switch (collection) {
+      case MAP:
+        elementType = javaType.getBoxedType();
+        break;
+      case VECTOR:
+        elementType = javaType.getBoxedType();
+        break;
+      case SCALAR:
+      default:
+        elementType = null;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    boolean primitiveScalar = false;
+    if (collection == Collection.SCALAR) {
+      switch (javaType) {
+        case BYTE_STRING:
+        case MESSAGE:
+        case STRING:
+          break;
+        default:
+          primitiveScalar = true;
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+    this.primitiveScalar = primitiveScalar;
+  }
+
+  /** A reliable unique identifier for this type. */
+  public int id() {
+    return id;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the {@link JavaType} for this field. For lists, this identifies the type of the elements
+   * contained within the list.
+   */
+  public JavaType getJavaType() {
+    return javaType;
+  }
+
+  /** Indicates whether a list field should be represented on the wire in packed form. */
+  public boolean isPacked() {
+    return Collection.PACKED_VECTOR.equals(collection);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Indicates whether this field type represents a primitive scalar value. If this is {@code true},
+   * then {@link #isScalar()} will also be {@code true}.
+   */
+  public boolean isPrimitiveScalar() {
+    return primitiveScalar;
+  }
+
+  /** Indicates whether this field type represents a scalar value. */
+  public boolean isScalar() {
+    return collection == Collection.SCALAR;
+  }
+
+  /** Indicates whether this field represents a list of values. */
+  public boolean isList() {
+    return collection.isList();
+  }
+
+  /** Indicates whether this field represents a map. */
+  public boolean isMap() {
+    return collection == Collection.MAP;
+  }
+
+  /** Indicates whether or not this {@link FieldType} can be applied to the given {@link Field}. */
+  public boolean isValidForField(Field field) {
+    if (Collection.VECTOR.equals(collection)) {
+      return isValidForList(field);
+    } else {
+      return javaType.getType().isAssignableFrom(field.getType());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean isValidForList(Field field) {
+    Class<?> clazz = field.getType();
+    if (!javaType.getType().isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      // The field isn't a List type.
+      return false;
+    }
+    Type[] types = EMPTY_TYPES;
+    Type genericType = field.getGenericType();
+    if (genericType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
+      types = ((ParameterizedType) field.getGenericType()).getActualTypeArguments();
+    }
+    Type listParameter = getListParameter(clazz, types);
+    if (!(listParameter instanceof Class)) {
+      // It's a wildcard, we should allow anything in the list.
+      return true;
+    }
+    return elementType.isAssignableFrom((Class<?>) listParameter);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Looks up the appropriate {@link FieldType} by it's identifier.
+   *
+   * @return the {@link FieldType} or {@code null} if not found.
+   */
+  /* @Nullable */
+  public static FieldType forId(int id) {
+    if (id < 0 || id >= VALUES.length) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return VALUES[id];
+  }
+
+  private static final FieldType[] VALUES;
+  private static final Type[] EMPTY_TYPES = new Type[0];
+
+  static {
+    FieldType[] values = values();
+    VALUES = new FieldType[values.length];
+    for (FieldType type : values) {
+      VALUES[type.id] = type;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Given a class, finds a generic super class or interface that extends {@link List}.
+   *
+   * @return the generic super class/interface, or {@code null} if not found.
+   */
+  /* @Nullable */
+  private static Type getGenericSuperList(Class<?> clazz) {
+    // First look at interfaces.
+    Type[] genericInterfaces = clazz.getGenericInterfaces();
+    for (Type genericInterface : genericInterfaces) {
+      if (genericInterface instanceof ParameterizedType) {
+        ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) genericInterface;
+        Class<?> rawType = (Class<?>) parameterizedType.getRawType();
+        if (List.class.isAssignableFrom(rawType)) {
+          return genericInterface;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Try the subclass
+    Type type = clazz.getGenericSuperclass();
+    if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {
+      ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
+      Class<?> rawType = (Class<?>) parameterizedType.getRawType();
+      if (List.class.isAssignableFrom(rawType)) {
+        return type;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // No super class/interface extends List.
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Inspects the inheritance hierarchy for the given class and finds the generic type parameter for
+   * {@link List}.
+   *
+   * @param clazz the class to begin the search.
+   * @param realTypes the array of actual type parameters for {@code clazz}. These will be used to
+   *     substitute generic parameters up the inheritance hierarchy. If {@code clazz} does not have
+   *     any generic parameters, this list should be empty.
+   * @return the {@link List} parameter.
+   */
+  private static Type getListParameter(Class<?> clazz, Type[] realTypes) {
+    top:
+    while (clazz != List.class) {
+      // First look at generic subclass and interfaces.
+      Type genericType = getGenericSuperList(clazz);
+      if (genericType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
+        // Replace any generic parameters with the real values.
+        ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) genericType;
+        Type[] superArgs = parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments();
+        for (int i = 0; i < superArgs.length; ++i) {
+          Type superArg = superArgs[i];
+          if (superArg instanceof TypeVariable) {
+            // Get the type variables for this class so that we can match them to the variables
+            // used on the super class.
+            TypeVariable<?>[] clazzParams = clazz.getTypeParameters();
+            if (realTypes.length != clazzParams.length) {
+              throw new RuntimeException("Type array mismatch");
+            }
+
+            // Replace the variable parameter with the real type.
+            boolean foundReplacement = false;
+            for (int j = 0; j < clazzParams.length; ++j) {
+              if (superArg == clazzParams[j]) {
+                Type realType = realTypes[j];
+                superArgs[i] = realType;
+                foundReplacement = true;
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+            if (!foundReplacement) {
+              throw new RuntimeException("Unable to find replacement for " + superArg);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        Class<?> parent = (Class<?>) parameterizedType.getRawType();
+
+        realTypes = superArgs;
+        clazz = parent;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // None of the parameterized types inherit List. Just continue up the inheritance hierarchy
+      // toward the List interface until we can identify the parameters.
+      realTypes = EMPTY_TYPES;
+      for (Class<?> iface : clazz.getInterfaces()) {
+        if (List.class.isAssignableFrom(iface)) {
+          clazz = iface;
+          continue top;
+        }
+      }
+      clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
+    }
+
+    if (realTypes.length != 1) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Unable to identify parameter type for List<T>");
+    }
+    return realTypes[0];
+  }
+
+  enum Collection {
+    SCALAR(false),
+    VECTOR(true),
+    PACKED_VECTOR(true),
+    MAP(false);
+
+    private final boolean isList;
+
+    Collection(boolean isList) {
+      this.isList = isList;
+    }
+
+    /** @return the isList */
+    public boolean isList() {
+      return isList;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FloatArrayList.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FloatArrayList.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d2ab71d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/FloatArrayList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.FloatList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.RandomAccess;
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of {@link FloatList} on top of a primitive array.
+ *
+ * @author dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+ */
+final class FloatArrayList extends AbstractProtobufList<Float>
+    implements FloatList, RandomAccess, PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection {
+
+  private static final FloatArrayList EMPTY_LIST = new FloatArrayList(new float[0], 0);
+  static {
+    EMPTY_LIST.makeImmutable();
+  }
+
+  public static FloatArrayList emptyList() {
+    return EMPTY_LIST;
+  }
+
+  /** The backing store for the list. */
+  private float[] array;
+
+  /**
+   * The size of the list distinct from the length of the array. That is, it is the number of
+   * elements set in the list.
+   */
+  private int size;
+
+  /** Constructs a new mutable {@code FloatArrayList} with default capacity. */
+  FloatArrayList() {
+    this(new float[DEFAULT_CAPACITY], 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new mutable {@code FloatArrayList} containing the same elements as {@code other}.
+   */
+  private FloatArrayList(float[] other, int size) {
+    array = other;
+    this.size = size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (toIndex < fromIndex) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("toIndex < fromIndex");
+    }
+
+    System.arraycopy(array, toIndex, array, fromIndex, size - toIndex);
+    size -= (toIndex - fromIndex);
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!(o instanceof FloatArrayList)) {
+      return super.equals(o);
+    }
+    FloatArrayList other = (FloatArrayList) o;
+    if (size != other.size) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    final float[] arr = other.array;
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      if (Float.floatToIntBits(array[i]) != Float.floatToIntBits(arr[i])) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    int result = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      result = (31 * result) + Float.floatToIntBits(array[i]);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public FloatList mutableCopyWithCapacity(int capacity) {
+    if (capacity < size) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+    }
+    return new FloatArrayList(Arrays.copyOf(array, capacity), size);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Float get(int index) {
+    return getFloat(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public float getFloat(int index) {
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    return array[index];
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int size() {
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Float set(int index, Float element) {
+    return setFloat(index, element);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public float setFloat(int index, float element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    float previousValue = array[index];
+    array[index] = element;
+    return previousValue;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean add(Float element) {
+    addFloat(element);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void add(int index, Float element) {
+    addFloat(index, element);
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #add(Float)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+  @Override
+  public void addFloat(float element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (size == array.length) {
+      // Resize to 1.5x the size
+      int length = ((size * 3) / 2) + 1;
+      float[] newArray = new float[length];
+
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, size);
+      array = newArray;
+    }
+
+    array[size++] = element;
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #add(int, Float)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+  private void addFloat(int index, float element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (index < 0 || index > size) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(index));
+    }
+
+    if (size < array.length) {
+      // Shift everything over to make room
+      System.arraycopy(array, index, array, index + 1, size - index);
+    } else {
+      // Resize to 1.5x the size
+      int length = ((size * 3) / 2) + 1;
+      float[] newArray = new float[length];
+
+      // Copy the first part directly
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, index);
+
+      // Copy the rest shifted over by one to make room
+      System.arraycopy(array, index, newArray, index + 1, size - index);
+      array = newArray;
+    }
+
+    array[index] = element;
+    size++;
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends Float> collection) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+
+    checkNotNull(collection);
+
+    // We specialize when adding another FloatArrayList to avoid boxing elements.
+    if (!(collection instanceof FloatArrayList)) {
+      return super.addAll(collection);
+    }
+
+    FloatArrayList list = (FloatArrayList) collection;
+    if (list.size == 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    int overflow = Integer.MAX_VALUE - size;
+    if (overflow < list.size) {
+      // We can't actually represent a list this large.
+      throw new OutOfMemoryError();
+    }
+
+    int newSize = size + list.size;
+    if (newSize > array.length) {
+      array = Arrays.copyOf(array, newSize);
+    }
+
+    System.arraycopy(list.array, 0, array, size, list.size);
+    size = newSize;
+    modCount++;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean remove(Object o) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      if (o.equals(array[i])) {
+        System.arraycopy(array, i + 1, array, i, size - i - 1);
+        size--;
+        modCount++;
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Float remove(int index) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    float value = array[index];
+    if (index < size - 1) {
+      System.arraycopy(array, index + 1, array, index, size - index - 1);
+    }
+    size--;
+    modCount++;
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the provided {@code index} is within the range of {@code [0, size]}. Throws an
+   * {@link IndexOutOfBoundsException} if it is not.
+   *
+   * @param index the index to verify is in range
+   */
+  private void ensureIndexInRange(int index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(index));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private String makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(int index) {
+    return "Index:" + index + ", Size:" + size;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessage.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessage.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6713f4353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,3051 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+
+/**
+ * All generated protocol message classes extend this class.  This class
+ * implements most of the Message and Builder interfaces using Java reflection.
+ * Users can ignore this class and pretend that generated messages implement
+ * the Message interface directly.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public abstract class GeneratedMessage extends AbstractMessage
+    implements Serializable {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  /**
+   * For testing. Allows a test to disable the optimization that avoids using
+   * field builders for nested messages until they are requested. By disabling
+   * this optimization, existing tests can be reused to test the field builders.
+   */
+  protected static boolean alwaysUseFieldBuilders = false;
+
+  /** For use by generated code only.  */
+  protected UnknownFieldSet unknownFields;
+
+  protected GeneratedMessage() {
+    unknownFields = UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance();
+  }
+
+  protected GeneratedMessage(Builder<?> builder) {
+    unknownFields = builder.getUnknownFields();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Parser<? extends GeneratedMessage> getParserForType() {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+        "This is supposed to be overridden by subclasses.");
+  }
+
+ /**
+  * For testing. Allows a test to disable the optimization that avoids using
+  * field builders for nested messages until they are requested. By disabling
+  * this optimization, existing tests can be reused to test the field builders.
+  * See {@link RepeatedFieldBuilder} and {@link SingleFieldBuilder}.
+  */
+  static void enableAlwaysUseFieldBuildersForTesting() {
+    alwaysUseFieldBuilders = true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the FieldAccessorTable for this type.  We can't have the message
+   * class pass this in to the constructor because of bootstrapping trouble
+   * with DescriptorProtos.
+   */
+  protected abstract FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable();
+
+  @Override
+  public Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().descriptor;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Internal helper to return a modifiable map containing all the fields.
+   * The returned Map is modifialbe so that the caller can add additional
+   * extension fields to implement {@link #getAllFields()}.
+   *
+   * @param getBytesForString whether to generate ByteString for string fields
+   */
+  private Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFieldsMutable(
+      boolean getBytesForString) {
+    final TreeMap<FieldDescriptor, Object> result =
+      new TreeMap<FieldDescriptor, Object>();
+    final Descriptor descriptor = internalGetFieldAccessorTable().descriptor;
+    final List<FieldDescriptor> fields = descriptor.getFields();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+      FieldDescriptor field = fields.get(i);
+      final OneofDescriptor oneofDescriptor = field.getContainingOneof();
+
+      /*
+       * If the field is part of a Oneof, then at maximum one field in the Oneof is set
+       * and it is not repeated. There is no need to iterate through the others.
+       */
+      if (oneofDescriptor != null) {
+        // Skip other fields in the Oneof we know are not set
+        i += oneofDescriptor.getFieldCount() - 1;
+        if (!hasOneof(oneofDescriptor)) {
+          // If no field is set in the Oneof, skip all the fields in the Oneof
+          continue;
+        }
+        // Get the pointer to the only field which is set in the Oneof
+        field = getOneofFieldDescriptor(oneofDescriptor);
+      } else {
+        // If we are not in a Oneof, we need to check if the field is set and if it is repeated
+        if (field.isRepeated()) {
+          final List<?> value = (List<?>) getField(field);
+          if (!value.isEmpty()) {
+            result.put(field, value);
+          }
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (!hasField(field)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      // Add the field to the map
+      if (getBytesForString && field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.STRING) {
+        result.put(field, getFieldRaw(field));
+      } else {
+        result.put(field, getField(field));
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isInitialized() {
+    for (final FieldDescriptor field : getDescriptorForType().getFields()) {
+      // Check that all required fields are present.
+      if (field.isRequired()) {
+        if (!hasField(field)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      // Check that embedded messages are initialized.
+      if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        if (field.isRepeated()) {
+          @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") final
+          List<Message> messageList = (List<Message>) getField(field);
+          for (final Message element : messageList) {
+            if (!element.isInitialized()) {
+              return false;
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (hasField(field) && !((Message) getField(field)).isInitialized()) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(
+        getAllFieldsMutable(/* getBytesForString = */ false));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a collection of all the fields in this message which are set
+   * and their corresponding values.  A singular ("required" or "optional")
+   * field is set iff hasField() returns true for that field.  A "repeated"
+   * field is set iff getRepeatedFieldCount() is greater than zero.  The
+   * values are exactly what would be returned by calling
+   * {@link #getFieldRaw(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)} for each field.  The map
+   * is guaranteed to be a sorted map, so iterating over it will return fields
+   * in order by field number.
+   */
+  Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFieldsRaw() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(
+        getAllFieldsMutable(/* getBytesForString = */ true));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean hasOneof(final OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getOneof(oneof).has(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public FieldDescriptor getOneofFieldDescriptor(final OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getOneof(oneof).get(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean hasField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).has(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object getField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).get(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Obtains the value of the given field, or the default value if it is
+   * not set.  For primitive fields, the boxed primitive value is returned.
+   * For enum fields, the EnumValueDescriptor for the value is returned. For
+   * embedded message fields, the sub-message is returned.  For repeated
+   * fields, a java.util.List is returned. For present string fields, a
+   * ByteString is returned representing the bytes that the field contains.
+   */
+  Object getFieldRaw(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).getRaw(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getRepeatedFieldCount(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field)
+      .getRepeatedCount(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object getRepeatedField(final FieldDescriptor field, final int index) {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field)
+      .getRepeated(this, index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+        "This is supposed to be overridden by subclasses.");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Called by subclasses to parse an unknown field.
+   * @return {@code true} unless the tag is an end-group tag.
+   */
+  protected boolean parseUnknownField(
+      CodedInputStream input,
+      UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      int tag) throws IOException {
+    return unknownFields.mergeFieldFrom(tag, input);
+  }
+
+  protected static <M extends Message> M parseWithIOException(Parser<M> parser, InputStream input)
+      throws IOException {
+    try {
+      return parser.parseFrom(input);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.unwrapIOException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <M extends Message> M parseWithIOException(Parser<M> parser, InputStream input,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensions) throws IOException {
+    try {
+      return parser.parseFrom(input, extensions);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.unwrapIOException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <M extends Message> M parseWithIOException(Parser<M> parser,
+      CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+    try {
+      return parser.parseFrom(input);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.unwrapIOException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <M extends Message> M parseWithIOException(Parser<M> parser,
+      CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensions) throws IOException {
+    try {
+      return parser.parseFrom(input, extensions);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.unwrapIOException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <M extends Message> M parseDelimitedWithIOException(Parser<M> parser,
+      InputStream input) throws IOException {
+    try {
+      return parser.parseDelimitedFrom(input);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.unwrapIOException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <M extends Message> M parseDelimitedWithIOException(Parser<M> parser,
+      InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensions) throws IOException {
+    try {
+      return parser.parseDelimitedFrom(input, extensions);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.unwrapIOException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeTo(final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    MessageReflection.writeMessageTo(this, getAllFieldsRaw(), output, false);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    int size = memoizedSize;
+    if (size != -1) {
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    memoizedSize = MessageReflection.getSerializedSize(
+        this, getAllFieldsRaw());
+    return memoizedSize;
+  }
+
+
+
+  /**
+   * Used by parsing constructors in generated classes.
+   */
+  protected void makeExtensionsImmutable() {
+    // Noop for messages without extensions.
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * TODO(xiaofeng): remove this after b/29368482 is fixed. We need to move this
+   * interface to AbstractMessage in order to versioning GeneratedMessage but
+   * this move breaks binary compatibility for AppEngine. After AppEngine is
+   * fixed we can exlude this from google3.
+   */
+  protected interface BuilderParent extends AbstractMessage.BuilderParent {}
+
+  /**
+   * TODO(xiaofeng): remove this together with GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent.
+   */
+  protected abstract Message.Builder newBuilderForType(BuilderParent parent);
+
+  @Override
+  protected Message.Builder newBuilderForType(final AbstractMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+    return newBuilderForType(new BuilderParent() {
+      @Override
+      public void markDirty() {
+        parent.markDirty();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public abstract static class Builder <BuilderType extends Builder<BuilderType>>
+      extends AbstractMessage.Builder<BuilderType> {
+
+    private BuilderParent builderParent;
+
+    private BuilderParentImpl meAsParent;
+
+    // Indicates that we've built a message and so we are now obligated
+    // to dispatch dirty invalidations. See GeneratedMessage.BuilderListener.
+    private boolean isClean;
+
+    private UnknownFieldSet unknownFields =
+        UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance();
+
+    protected Builder() {
+      this(null);
+    }
+
+    protected Builder(BuilderParent builderParent) {
+      this.builderParent = builderParent;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void dispose() {
+      builderParent = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by the subclass when a message is built.
+     */
+    protected void onBuilt() {
+      if (builderParent != null) {
+        markClean();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by the subclass or a builder to notify us that a message was
+     * built and may be cached and therefore invalidations are needed.
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected void markClean() {
+      this.isClean = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets whether invalidations are needed
+     *
+     * @return whether invalidations are needed
+     */
+    protected boolean isClean() {
+      return isClean;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clone() {
+      BuilderType builder =
+          (BuilderType) getDefaultInstanceForType().newBuilderForType();
+      builder.mergeFrom(buildPartial());
+      return builder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by the initialization and clear code paths to allow subclasses to
+     * reset any of their builtin fields back to the initial values.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clear() {
+      unknownFields = UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance();
+      onChanged();
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the FieldAccessorTable for this type.  We can't have the message
+     * class pass this in to the constructor because of bootstrapping trouble
+     * with DescriptorProtos.
+     */
+    protected abstract FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable();
+
+    @Override
+    public Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().descriptor;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(getAllFieldsMutable());
+    }
+
+    /** Internal helper which returns a mutable map. */
+    private Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFieldsMutable() {
+      final TreeMap<FieldDescriptor, Object> result =
+        new TreeMap<FieldDescriptor, Object>();
+      final Descriptor descriptor = internalGetFieldAccessorTable().descriptor;
+      final List<FieldDescriptor> fields = descriptor.getFields();
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+        FieldDescriptor field = fields.get(i);
+        final OneofDescriptor oneofDescriptor = field.getContainingOneof();
+
+        /*
+         * If the field is part of a Oneof, then at maximum one field in the Oneof is set
+         * and it is not repeated. There is no need to iterate through the others.
+         */
+        if (oneofDescriptor != null) {
+          // Skip other fields in the Oneof we know are not set
+          i += oneofDescriptor.getFieldCount() - 1;
+          if (!hasOneof(oneofDescriptor)) {
+            // If no field is set in the Oneof, skip all the fields in the Oneof
+            continue;
+          }
+          // Get the pointer to the only field which is set in the Oneof
+          field = getOneofFieldDescriptor(oneofDescriptor);
+        } else {
+          // If we are not in a Oneof, we need to check if the field is set and if it is repeated
+          if (field.isRepeated()) {
+            final List<?> value = (List<?>) getField(field);
+            if (!value.isEmpty()) {
+              result.put(field, value);
+            }
+            continue;
+          }
+          if (!hasField(field)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+        // Add the field to the map
+        result.put(field, getField(field));
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message.Builder newBuilderForField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).newBuilder();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message.Builder getFieldBuilder(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).getBuilder(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message.Builder getRepeatedFieldBuilder(final FieldDescriptor field, int index) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).getRepeatedBuilder(
+          this, index);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasOneof(final OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getOneof(oneof).has(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public FieldDescriptor getOneofFieldDescriptor(final OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getOneof(oneof).get(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).has(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      Object object = internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).get(this);
+      if (field.isRepeated()) {
+        // The underlying list object is still modifiable at this point.
+        // Make sure not to expose the modifiable list to the caller.
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList((List) object);
+      } else {
+        return object;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType setField(final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value) {
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).set(this, value);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clearField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).clear(this);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clearOneof(final OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getOneof(oneof).clear(this);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getRepeatedFieldCount(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field)
+          .getRepeatedCount(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getRepeatedField(final FieldDescriptor field, final int index) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field)
+          .getRepeated(this, index);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType setRepeatedField(
+        final FieldDescriptor field, final int index, final Object value) {
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field)
+        .setRepeated(this, index, value);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType addRepeatedField(final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value) {
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).addRepeated(this, value);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType setUnknownFields(final UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      this.unknownFields = unknownFields;
+      onChanged();
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeUnknownFields(
+        final UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      this.unknownFields =
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder(this.unknownFields)
+                       .mergeFrom(unknownFields)
+                       .build();
+      onChanged();
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isInitialized() {
+      for (final FieldDescriptor field : getDescriptorForType().getFields()) {
+        // Check that all required fields are present.
+        if (field.isRequired()) {
+          if (!hasField(field)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        // Check that embedded messages are initialized.
+        if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          if (field.isRepeated()) {
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") final
+            List<Message> messageList = (List<Message>) getField(field);
+            for (final Message element : messageList) {
+              if (!element.isInitialized()) {
+                return false;
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (hasField(field) &&
+                !((Message) getField(field)).isInitialized()) {
+              return false;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
+      return unknownFields;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by subclasses to parse an unknown field.
+     * @return {@code true} unless the tag is an end-group tag.
+     */
+    protected boolean parseUnknownField(
+        final CodedInputStream input,
+        final UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+        final int tag) throws IOException {
+      return unknownFields.mergeFieldFrom(tag, input);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implementation of {@link BuilderParent} for giving to our children. This
+     * small inner class makes it so we don't publicly expose the BuilderParent
+     * methods.
+     */
+    private class BuilderParentImpl implements BuilderParent {
+
+      @Override
+      public void markDirty() {
+        onChanged();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the {@link BuilderParent} for giving to our children.
+     * @return The builder parent for our children.
+     */
+    protected BuilderParent getParentForChildren() {
+      if (meAsParent == null) {
+        meAsParent = new BuilderParentImpl();
+      }
+      return meAsParent;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when a the builder or one of its nested children has changed
+     * and any parent should be notified of its invalidation.
+     */
+    protected final void onChanged() {
+      if (isClean && builderParent != null) {
+        builderParent.markDirty();
+
+        // Don't keep dispatching invalidations until build is called again.
+        isClean = false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the map field with the given field number. This method should be
+     * overridden in the generated message class if the message contains map
+     * fields.
+     *
+     * Unlike other field types, reflection support for map fields can't be
+     * implemented based on generated public API because we need to access a
+     * map field as a list in reflection API but the generated API only allows
+     * us to access it as a map. This method returns the underlying map field
+     * directly and thus enables us to access the map field as a list.
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings({"unused", "rawtypes"})
+    protected MapField internalGetMapField(int fieldNumber) {
+      // Note that we can't use descriptor names here because this method will
+      // be called when descriptor is being initialized.
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          "No map fields found in " + getClass().getName());
+    }
+
+    /** Like {@link #internalGetMapField} but return a mutable version. */
+    @SuppressWarnings({"unused", "rawtypes"})
+    protected MapField internalGetMutableMapField(int fieldNumber) {
+      // Note that we can't use descriptor names here because this method will
+      // be called when descriptor is being initialized.
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          "No map fields found in " + getClass().getName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Extensions-related stuff
+
+  public interface ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<
+      MessageType extends ExtendableMessage> extends MessageOrBuilder {
+    // Re-define for return type covariance.
+    @Override
+    Message getDefaultInstanceForType();
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    <Type> boolean hasExtension(
+        ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extension);
+
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extension);
+
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    <Type> Type getExtension(
+        ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extension);
+
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    <Type> Type getExtension(
+        ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extension,
+        int index);
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    <Type> boolean hasExtension(
+        Extension<MessageType, Type> extension);
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    <Type> boolean hasExtension(
+        GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extension);
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension);
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension);
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    <Type> Type getExtension(
+        Extension<MessageType, Type> extension);
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    <Type> Type getExtension(
+        GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extension);
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    <Type> Type getExtension(
+        Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension,
+        int index);
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    <Type> Type getExtension(
+        GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension,
+        int index);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generated message classes for message types that contain extension ranges
+   * subclass this.
+   *
+   * <p>This class implements type-safe accessors for extensions.  They
+   * implement all the same operations that you can do with normal fields --
+   * e.g. "has", "get", and "getCount" -- but for extensions.  The extensions
+   * are identified using instances of the class {@link GeneratedExtension};
+   * the protocol compiler generates a static instance of this class for every
+   * extension in its input.  Through the magic of generics, all is made
+   * type-safe.
+   *
+   * <p>For example, imagine you have the {@code .proto} file:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * option java_class = "MyProto";
+   *
+   * message Foo {
+   *   extensions 1000 to max;
+   * }
+   *
+   * extend Foo {
+   *   optional int32 bar;
+   * }
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * <p>Then you might write code like:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * MyProto.Foo foo = getFoo();
+   * int i = foo.getExtension(MyProto.bar);
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * <p>See also {@link ExtendableBuilder}.
+   */
+  public abstract static class ExtendableMessage<
+        MessageType extends ExtendableMessage>
+      extends GeneratedMessage
+      implements ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<MessageType> {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    private final FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> extensions;
+
+    protected ExtendableMessage() {
+      this.extensions = FieldSet.newFieldSet();
+    }
+
+    protected ExtendableMessage(
+        ExtendableBuilder<MessageType, ?> builder) {
+      super(builder);
+      this.extensions = builder.buildExtensions();
+    }
+
+    private void verifyExtensionContainingType(
+        final Extension<MessageType, ?> extension) {
+      if (extension.getDescriptor().getContainingType() !=
+          getDescriptorForType()) {
+        // This can only happen if someone uses unchecked operations.
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Extension is for type \"" +
+          extension.getDescriptor().getContainingType().getFullName() +
+          "\" which does not match message type \"" +
+          getDescriptorForType().getFullName() + "\".");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public final <Type> boolean hasExtension(final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extensionLite) {
+      Extension<MessageType, Type> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      return extensions.hasField(extension.getDescriptor());
+    }
+
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public final <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite) {
+      Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      final FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      return extensions.getRepeatedFieldCount(descriptor);
+    }
+
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extensionLite) {
+      Extension<MessageType, Type> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      final Object value = extensions.getField(descriptor);
+      if (value == null) {
+        if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+          return (Type) Collections.emptyList();
+        } else if (descriptor.getJavaType() ==
+                   FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          return (Type) extension.getMessageDefaultInstance();
+        } else {
+          return (Type) extension.fromReflectionType(
+              descriptor.getDefaultValue());
+        }
+      } else {
+        return (Type) extension.fromReflectionType(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite, final int index) {
+      Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      return (Type) extension.singularFromReflectionType(
+          extensions.getRepeatedField(descriptor, index));
+    }
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> boolean hasExtension(final Extension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return hasExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> boolean hasExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return hasExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        final Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension) {
+      return getExtensionCount((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension) {
+      return getExtensionCount((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(final Extension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final int index) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, index);
+    }
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final int index) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, index);
+    }
+
+    /** Called by subclasses to check if all extensions are initialized. */
+    protected boolean extensionsAreInitialized() {
+      return extensions.isInitialized();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isInitialized() {
+      return super.isInitialized() && extensionsAreInitialized();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected boolean parseUnknownField(
+        CodedInputStream input,
+        UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+        int tag) throws IOException {
+      return MessageReflection.mergeFieldFrom(
+          input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, getDescriptorForType(),
+          new MessageReflection.ExtensionAdapter(extensions), tag);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Used by parsing constructors in generated classes.
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected void makeExtensionsImmutable() {
+      extensions.makeImmutable();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used by subclasses to serialize extensions.  Extension ranges may be
+     * interleaved with field numbers, but we must write them in canonical
+     * (sorted by field number) order.  ExtensionWriter helps us write
+     * individual ranges of extensions at once.
+     */
+    protected class ExtensionWriter {
+      // Imagine how much simpler this code would be if Java iterators had
+      // a way to get the next element without advancing the iterator.
+
+      private final Iterator<Map.Entry<FieldDescriptor, Object>> iter =
+        extensions.iterator();
+      private Map.Entry<FieldDescriptor, Object> next;
+      private final boolean messageSetWireFormat;
+
+      private ExtensionWriter(final boolean messageSetWireFormat) {
+        if (iter.hasNext()) {
+          next = iter.next();
+        }
+        this.messageSetWireFormat = messageSetWireFormat;
+      }
+
+      public void writeUntil(final int end, final CodedOutputStream output)
+                             throws IOException {
+        while (next != null && next.getKey().getNumber() < end) {
+          FieldDescriptor descriptor = next.getKey();
+          if (messageSetWireFormat && descriptor.getLiteJavaType() ==
+                  WireFormat.JavaType.MESSAGE &&
+              !descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+            if (next instanceof LazyField.LazyEntry<?>) {
+              output.writeRawMessageSetExtension(descriptor.getNumber(),
+                  ((LazyField.LazyEntry<?>) next).getField().toByteString());
+            } else {
+              output.writeMessageSetExtension(descriptor.getNumber(),
+                                              (Message) next.getValue());
+            }
+          } else {
+            // TODO(xiangl): Taken care of following code, it may cause
+            // problem when we use LazyField for normal fields/extensions.
+            // Due to the optional field can be duplicated at the end of
+            // serialized bytes, which will make the serialized size change
+            // after lazy field parsed. So when we use LazyField globally,
+            // we need to change the following write method to write cached
+            // bytes directly rather than write the parsed message.
+            FieldSet.writeField(descriptor, next.getValue(), output);
+          }
+          if (iter.hasNext()) {
+            next = iter.next();
+          } else {
+            next = null;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    protected ExtensionWriter newExtensionWriter() {
+      return new ExtensionWriter(false);
+    }
+    protected ExtensionWriter newMessageSetExtensionWriter() {
+      return new ExtensionWriter(true);
+    }
+
+    /** Called by subclasses to compute the size of extensions. */
+    protected int extensionsSerializedSize() {
+      return extensions.getSerializedSize();
+    }
+    protected int extensionsSerializedSizeAsMessageSet() {
+      return extensions.getMessageSetSerializedSize();
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Reflection
+
+    protected Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getExtensionFields() {
+      return extensions.getAllFields();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+      final Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> result =
+          super.getAllFieldsMutable(/* getBytesForString = */ false);
+      result.putAll(getExtensionFields());
+      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(result);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFieldsRaw() {
+      final Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> result =
+          super.getAllFieldsMutable(/* getBytesForString = */ false);
+      result.putAll(getExtensionFields());
+      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(result);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        return extensions.hasField(field);
+      } else {
+        return super.hasField(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        final Object value = extensions.getField(field);
+        if (value == null) {
+          if (field.isRepeated()) {
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+          } else if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+            // Lacking an ExtensionRegistry, we have no way to determine the
+            // extension's real type, so we return a DynamicMessage.
+            return DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(field.getMessageType());
+          } else {
+            return field.getDefaultValue();
+          }
+        } else {
+          return value;
+        }
+      } else {
+        return super.getField(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getRepeatedFieldCount(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        return extensions.getRepeatedFieldCount(field);
+      } else {
+        return super.getRepeatedFieldCount(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getRepeatedField(final FieldDescriptor field,
+                                   final int index) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        return extensions.getRepeatedField(field, index);
+      } else {
+        return super.getRepeatedField(field, index);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyContainingType(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.getContainingType() != getDescriptorForType()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "FieldDescriptor does not match message type.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generated message builders for message types that contain extension ranges
+   * subclass this.
+   *
+   * <p>This class implements type-safe accessors for extensions.  They
+   * implement all the same operations that you can do with normal fields --
+   * e.g. "get", "set", and "add" -- but for extensions.  The extensions are
+   * identified using instances of the class {@link GeneratedExtension}; the
+   * protocol compiler generates a static instance of this class for every
+   * extension in its input.  Through the magic of generics, all is made
+   * type-safe.
+   *
+   * <p>For example, imagine you have the {@code .proto} file:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * option java_class = "MyProto";
+   *
+   * message Foo {
+   *   extensions 1000 to max;
+   * }
+   *
+   * extend Foo {
+   *   optional int32 bar;
+   * }
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * <p>Then you might write code like:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * MyProto.Foo foo =
+   *   MyProto.Foo.newBuilder()
+   *     .setExtension(MyProto.bar, 123)
+   *     .build();
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * <p>See also {@link ExtendableMessage}.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public abstract static class ExtendableBuilder<
+        MessageType extends ExtendableMessage,
+        BuilderType extends ExtendableBuilder<MessageType, BuilderType>>
+      extends Builder<BuilderType>
+      implements ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<MessageType> {
+
+    private FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> extensions = FieldSet.emptySet();
+
+    protected ExtendableBuilder() {}
+
+    protected ExtendableBuilder(
+        BuilderParent parent) {
+      super(parent);
+    }
+
+    // For immutable message conversion.
+    void internalSetExtensionSet(FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> extensions) {
+      this.extensions = extensions;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clear() {
+      extensions = FieldSet.emptySet();
+      return super.clear();
+    }
+
+    // This is implemented here only to work around an apparent bug in the
+    // Java compiler and/or build system.  See bug #1898463.  The mere presence
+    // of this clone() implementation makes it go away.
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clone() {
+      return super.clone();
+    }
+
+    private void ensureExtensionsIsMutable() {
+      if (extensions.isImmutable()) {
+        extensions = extensions.clone();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyExtensionContainingType(
+        final Extension<MessageType, ?> extension) {
+      if (extension.getDescriptor().getContainingType() !=
+          getDescriptorForType()) {
+        // This can only happen if someone uses unchecked operations.
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Extension is for type \"" +
+          extension.getDescriptor().getContainingType().getFullName() +
+          "\" which does not match message type \"" +
+          getDescriptorForType().getFullName() + "\".");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> boolean hasExtension(final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extensionLite) {
+      Extension<MessageType, Type> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      return extensions.hasField(extension.getDescriptor());
+    }
+
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite) {
+      Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      final FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      return extensions.getRepeatedFieldCount(descriptor);
+    }
+
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extensionLite) {
+      Extension<MessageType, Type> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      final Object value = extensions.getField(descriptor);
+      if (value == null) {
+        if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+          return (Type) Collections.emptyList();
+        } else if (descriptor.getJavaType() ==
+                   FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          return (Type) extension.getMessageDefaultInstance();
+        } else {
+          return (Type) extension.fromReflectionType(
+              descriptor.getDefaultValue());
+        }
+      } else {
+        return (Type) extension.fromReflectionType(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite, final int index) {
+      Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      return (Type) extension.singularFromReflectionType(
+          extensions.getRepeatedField(descriptor, index));
+    }
+
+    /** Set the value of an extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType setExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extensionLite,
+        final Type value) {
+      Extension<MessageType, Type> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+      final FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      extensions.setField(descriptor, extension.toReflectionType(value));
+      onChanged();
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /** Set the value of one element of a repeated extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType setExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite,
+        final int index, final Type value) {
+      Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+      final FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      extensions.setRepeatedField(
+        descriptor, index,
+        extension.singularToReflectionType(value));
+      onChanged();
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /** Append a value to a repeated extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType addExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite,
+        final Type value) {
+      Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+      final FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      extensions.addRepeatedField(
+          descriptor, extension.singularToReflectionType(value));
+      onChanged();
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /** Clear an extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType clearExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, ?> extensionLite) {
+      Extension<MessageType, ?> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+      extensions.clearField(extension.getDescriptor());
+      onChanged();
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> boolean hasExtension(final Extension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return hasExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> boolean hasExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return hasExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        final Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension) {
+      return getExtensionCount((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension) {
+      return getExtensionCount((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(final Extension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final int index) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, index);
+    }
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final int index) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, index);
+    }
+    /** Set the value of an extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType setExtension(
+        final Extension<MessageType, Type> extension, final Type value) {
+      return setExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension, value);
+    }
+    /** Set the value of an extension. */
+    public <Type> BuilderType setExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extension, final Type value) {
+      return setExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension, value);
+    }
+    /** Set the value of one element of a repeated extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType setExtension(
+        final Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension,
+        final int index, final Type value) {
+      return setExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, index, value);
+    }
+    /** Set the value of one element of a repeated extension. */
+    public <Type> BuilderType setExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension,
+        final int index, final Type value) {
+      return setExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, index, value);
+    }
+    /** Append a value to a repeated extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType addExtension(
+        final Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final Type value) {
+      return addExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, value);
+    }
+    /** Append a value to a repeated extension. */
+    public <Type> BuilderType addExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final Type value) {
+      return addExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, value);
+    }
+    /** Clear an extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType clearExtension(
+        final Extension<MessageType, ?> extension) {
+      return clearExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, ?>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Clear an extension. */
+    public <Type> BuilderType clearExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, ?> extension) {
+      return clearExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, ?>) extension);
+    }
+
+    /** Called by subclasses to check if all extensions are initialized. */
+    protected boolean extensionsAreInitialized() {
+      return extensions.isInitialized();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by the build code path to create a copy of the extensions for
+     * building the message.
+     */
+    private FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> buildExtensions() {
+      extensions.makeImmutable();
+      return extensions;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isInitialized() {
+      return super.isInitialized() && extensionsAreInitialized();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by subclasses to parse an unknown field or an extension.
+     * @return {@code true} unless the tag is an end-group tag.
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected boolean parseUnknownField(
+        final CodedInputStream input,
+        final UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+        final int tag) throws IOException {
+      return MessageReflection.mergeFieldFrom(
+          input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, getDescriptorForType(),
+          new MessageReflection.BuilderAdapter(this), tag);
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Reflection
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+      final Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> result = super.getAllFieldsMutable();
+      result.putAll(extensions.getAllFields());
+      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(result);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        final Object value = extensions.getField(field);
+        if (value == null) {
+          if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+            // Lacking an ExtensionRegistry, we have no way to determine the
+            // extension's real type, so we return a DynamicMessage.
+            return DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(field.getMessageType());
+          } else {
+            return field.getDefaultValue();
+          }
+        } else {
+          return value;
+        }
+      } else {
+        return super.getField(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getRepeatedFieldCount(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        return extensions.getRepeatedFieldCount(field);
+      } else {
+        return super.getRepeatedFieldCount(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getRepeatedField(final FieldDescriptor field,
+                                   final int index) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        return extensions.getRepeatedField(field, index);
+      } else {
+        return super.getRepeatedField(field, index);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        return extensions.hasField(field);
+      } else {
+        return super.hasField(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType setField(final FieldDescriptor field,
+                                final Object value) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+        extensions.setField(field, value);
+        onChanged();
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } else {
+        return super.setField(field, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clearField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+        extensions.clearField(field);
+        onChanged();
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } else {
+        return super.clearField(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType setRepeatedField(final FieldDescriptor field,
+                                        final int index, final Object value) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+        extensions.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
+        onChanged();
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } else {
+        return super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType addRepeatedField(final FieldDescriptor field,
+                                        final Object value) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+        extensions.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+        onChanged();
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } else {
+        return super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    protected final void mergeExtensionFields(final ExtendableMessage other) {
+      ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+      extensions.mergeFrom(other.extensions);
+      onChanged();
+    }
+
+    private void verifyContainingType(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.getContainingType() != getDescriptorForType()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "FieldDescriptor does not match message type.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the descriptor for an extension. The implementation depends on whether
+   * the extension is scoped in the top level of a file or scoped in a Message.
+   */
+  static interface ExtensionDescriptorRetriever {
+    FieldDescriptor getDescriptor();
+  }
+
+  /** For use by generated code only. */
+  public static <ContainingType extends Message, Type>
+      GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>
+      newMessageScopedGeneratedExtension(final Message scope,
+                                         final int descriptorIndex,
+                                         final Class singularType,
+                                         final Message defaultInstance) {
+    // For extensions scoped within a Message, we use the Message to resolve
+    // the outer class's descriptor, from which the extension descriptor is
+    // obtained.
+    return new GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>(
+        new CachedDescriptorRetriever() {
+          @Override
+          public FieldDescriptor loadDescriptor() {
+            return scope.getDescriptorForType().getExtensions().get(descriptorIndex);
+          }
+        },
+        singularType,
+        defaultInstance,
+        Extension.ExtensionType.IMMUTABLE);
+  }
+
+  /** For use by generated code only. */
+  public static <ContainingType extends Message, Type>
+     GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>
+     newFileScopedGeneratedExtension(final Class singularType,
+                                     final Message defaultInstance) {
+    // For extensions scoped within a file, we rely on the outer class's
+    // static initializer to call internalInit() on the extension when the
+    // descriptor is available.
+    return new GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>(
+        null,  // ExtensionDescriptorRetriever is initialized in internalInit();
+        singularType,
+        defaultInstance,
+        Extension.ExtensionType.IMMUTABLE);
+  }
+
+  private abstract static class CachedDescriptorRetriever
+      implements ExtensionDescriptorRetriever {
+    private volatile FieldDescriptor descriptor;
+    protected abstract FieldDescriptor loadDescriptor();
+
+    @Override
+    public FieldDescriptor getDescriptor() {
+      if (descriptor == null) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+          if (descriptor == null) {
+            descriptor = loadDescriptor();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return descriptor;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used in proto1 generated code only.
+   *
+   * After enabling bridge, we can define proto2 extensions (the extended type
+   * is a proto2 mutable message) in a proto1 .proto file. For these extensions
+   * we should generate proto2 GeneratedExtensions.
+   */
+  public static <ContainingType extends Message, Type>
+      GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>
+      newMessageScopedGeneratedExtension(
+          final Message scope, final String name,
+          final Class singularType, final Message defaultInstance) {
+    // For extensions scoped within a Message, we use the Message to resolve
+    // the outer class's descriptor, from which the extension descriptor is
+    // obtained.
+    return new GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>(
+        new CachedDescriptorRetriever() {
+          @Override
+          protected FieldDescriptor loadDescriptor() {
+            return scope.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName(name);
+          }
+        },
+        singularType,
+        defaultInstance,
+        Extension.ExtensionType.MUTABLE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used in proto1 generated code only.
+   *
+   * After enabling bridge, we can define proto2 extensions (the extended type
+   * is a proto2 mutable message) in a proto1 .proto file. For these extensions
+   * we should generate proto2 GeneratedExtensions.
+   */
+  public static <ContainingType extends Message, Type>
+     GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>
+     newFileScopedGeneratedExtension(
+         final Class singularType, final Message defaultInstance,
+         final String descriptorOuterClass, final String extensionName) {
+    // For extensions scoped within a file, we load the descriptor outer
+    // class and rely on it to get the FileDescriptor which then can be
+    // used to obtain the extension's FieldDescriptor.
+    return new GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>(
+        new CachedDescriptorRetriever() {
+          @Override
+          protected FieldDescriptor loadDescriptor() {
+            try {
+              Class clazz = singularType.getClassLoader().loadClass(descriptorOuterClass);
+              FileDescriptor file = (FileDescriptor) clazz.getField("descriptor").get(null);
+              return file.findExtensionByName(extensionName);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+              throw new RuntimeException(
+                  "Cannot load descriptors: "
+                      + descriptorOuterClass
+                      + " is not a valid descriptor class name",
+                  e);
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        singularType,
+        defaultInstance,
+        Extension.ExtensionType.MUTABLE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Type used to represent generated extensions.  The protocol compiler
+   * generates a static singleton instance of this class for each extension.
+   *
+   * <p>For example, imagine you have the {@code .proto} file:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * option java_class = "MyProto";
+   *
+   * message Foo {
+   *   extensions 1000 to max;
+   * }
+   *
+   * extend Foo {
+   *   optional int32 bar;
+   * }
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * <p>Then, {@code MyProto.Foo.bar} has type
+   * {@code GeneratedExtension<MyProto.Foo, Integer>}.
+   *
+   * <p>In general, users should ignore the details of this type, and simply use
+   * these static singletons as parameters to the extension accessors defined
+   * in {@link ExtendableMessage} and {@link ExtendableBuilder}.
+   */
+  public static class GeneratedExtension<
+      ContainingType extends Message, Type> extends
+      Extension<ContainingType, Type> {
+    // TODO(kenton):  Find ways to avoid using Java reflection within this
+    //   class.  Also try to avoid suppressing unchecked warnings.
+
+    // We can't always initialize the descriptor of a GeneratedExtension when
+    // we first construct it due to initialization order difficulties (namely,
+    // the descriptor may not have been constructed yet, since it is often
+    // constructed by the initializer of a separate module).
+    //
+    // In the case of nested extensions, we initialize the
+    // ExtensionDescriptorRetriever with an instance that uses the scoping
+    // Message's default instance to retrieve the extension's descriptor.
+    //
+    // In the case of non-nested extensions, we initialize the
+    // ExtensionDescriptorRetriever to null and rely on the outer class's static
+    // initializer to call internalInit() after the descriptor has been parsed.
+    GeneratedExtension(ExtensionDescriptorRetriever descriptorRetriever,
+        Class singularType,
+        Message messageDefaultInstance,
+        ExtensionType extensionType) {
+      if (Message.class.isAssignableFrom(singularType) &&
+          !singularType.isInstance(messageDefaultInstance)) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Bad messageDefaultInstance for " + singularType.getName());
+      }
+      this.descriptorRetriever = descriptorRetriever;
+      this.singularType = singularType;
+      this.messageDefaultInstance = messageDefaultInstance;
+
+      if (ProtocolMessageEnum.class.isAssignableFrom(singularType)) {
+        this.enumValueOf = getMethodOrDie(singularType, "valueOf",
+                                          EnumValueDescriptor.class);
+        this.enumGetValueDescriptor =
+            getMethodOrDie(singularType, "getValueDescriptor");
+      } else {
+        this.enumValueOf = null;
+        this.enumGetValueDescriptor = null;
+      }
+      this.extensionType = extensionType;
+    }
+
+    /** For use by generated code only. */
+    public void internalInit(final FieldDescriptor descriptor) {
+      if (descriptorRetriever != null) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Already initialized.");
+      }
+      descriptorRetriever =
+          new ExtensionDescriptorRetriever() {
+            @Override
+            public FieldDescriptor getDescriptor() {
+              return descriptor;
+            }
+          };
+    }
+
+    private ExtensionDescriptorRetriever descriptorRetriever;
+    private final Class singularType;
+    private final Message messageDefaultInstance;
+    private final Method enumValueOf;
+    private final Method enumGetValueDescriptor;
+    private final ExtensionType extensionType;
+
+    @Override
+    public FieldDescriptor getDescriptor() {
+      if (descriptorRetriever == null) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(
+            "getDescriptor() called before internalInit()");
+      }
+      return descriptorRetriever.getDescriptor();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the extension is an embedded message or group, returns the default
+     * instance of the message.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Message getMessageDefaultInstance() {
+      return messageDefaultInstance;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected ExtensionType getExtensionType() {
+      return extensionType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert from the type used by the reflection accessors to the type used
+     * by native accessors.  E.g., for enums, the reflection accessors use
+     * EnumValueDescriptors but the native accessors use the generated enum
+     * type.
+     */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    protected Object fromReflectionType(final Object value) {
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = getDescriptor();
+      if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        if (descriptor.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE ||
+            descriptor.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.ENUM) {
+          // Must convert the whole list.
+          final List result = new ArrayList();
+          for (final Object element : (List) value) {
+            result.add(singularFromReflectionType(element));
+          }
+          return result;
+        } else {
+          return value;
+        }
+      } else {
+        return singularFromReflectionType(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@link #fromReflectionType(Object)}, but if the type is a repeated
+     * type, this converts a single element.
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected Object singularFromReflectionType(final Object value) {
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = getDescriptor();
+      switch (descriptor.getJavaType()) {
+        case MESSAGE:
+          if (singularType.isInstance(value)) {
+            return value;
+          } else {
+            return messageDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType()
+                .mergeFrom((Message) value).build();
+          }
+        case ENUM:
+          return invokeOrDie(enumValueOf, null, (EnumValueDescriptor) value);
+        default:
+          return value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert from the type used by the native accessors to the type used
+     * by reflection accessors.  E.g., for enums, the reflection accessors use
+     * EnumValueDescriptors but the native accessors use the generated enum
+     * type.
+     */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    protected Object toReflectionType(final Object value) {
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = getDescriptor();
+      if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        if (descriptor.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.ENUM) {
+          // Must convert the whole list.
+          final List result = new ArrayList();
+          for (final Object element : (List) value) {
+            result.add(singularToReflectionType(element));
+          }
+          return result;
+        } else {
+          return value;
+        }
+      } else {
+        return singularToReflectionType(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@link #toReflectionType(Object)}, but if the type is a repeated
+     * type, this converts a single element.
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected Object singularToReflectionType(final Object value) {
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = getDescriptor();
+      switch (descriptor.getJavaType()) {
+        case ENUM:
+          return invokeOrDie(enumGetValueDescriptor, value);
+        default:
+          return value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getNumber() {
+      return getDescriptor().getNumber();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public WireFormat.FieldType getLiteType() {
+      return getDescriptor().getLiteType();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isRepeated() {
+      return getDescriptor().isRepeated();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public Type getDefaultValue() {
+      if (isRepeated()) {
+        return (Type) Collections.emptyList();
+      }
+      if (getDescriptor().getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        return (Type) messageDefaultInstance;
+      }
+      return (Type) singularFromReflectionType(
+          getDescriptor().getDefaultValue());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** Calls Class.getMethod and throws a RuntimeException if it fails. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static Method getMethodOrDie(
+      final Class clazz, final String name, final Class... params) {
+    try {
+      return clazz.getMethod(name, params);
+    } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+        "Generated message class \"" + clazz.getName() +
+        "\" missing method \"" + name + "\".", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Calls invoke and throws a RuntimeException if it fails. */
+  private static Object invokeOrDie(
+      final Method method, final Object object, final Object... params) {
+    try {
+      return method.invoke(object, params);
+    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+        "Couldn't use Java reflection to implement protocol message " +
+        "reflection.", e);
+    } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+      final Throwable cause = e.getCause();
+      if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
+        throw (RuntimeException) cause;
+      } else if (cause instanceof Error) {
+        throw (Error) cause;
+      } else {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+          "Unexpected exception thrown by generated accessor method.", cause);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the map field with the given field number. This method should be
+   * overridden in the generated message class if the message contains map
+   * fields.
+   *
+   * Unlike other field types, reflection support for map fields can't be
+   * implemented based on generated public API because we need to access a
+   * map field as a list in reflection API but the generated API only allows
+   * us to access it as a map. This method returns the underlying map field
+   * directly and thus enables us to access the map field as a list.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unused"})
+  protected MapField internalGetMapField(int fieldNumber) {
+    // Note that we can't use descriptor names here because this method will
+    // be called when descriptor is being initialized.
+    throw new RuntimeException(
+        "No map fields found in " + getClass().getName());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Users should ignore this class.  This class provides the implementation
+   * with access to the fields of a message object using Java reflection.
+   */
+  public static final class FieldAccessorTable {
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a FieldAccessorTable for a particular message class.  Only
+     * one FieldAccessorTable should ever be constructed per class.
+     *
+     * @param descriptor     The type's descriptor.
+     * @param camelCaseNames The camelcase names of all fields in the message.
+     *                       These are used to derive the accessor method names.
+     * @param messageClass   The message type.
+     * @param builderClass   The builder type.
+     */
+    public FieldAccessorTable(
+        final Descriptor descriptor,
+        final String[] camelCaseNames,
+        final Class<? extends GeneratedMessage> messageClass,
+        final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+      this(descriptor, camelCaseNames);
+      ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(messageClass, builderClass);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a FieldAccessorTable for a particular message class without
+     * initializing FieldAccessors.
+     */
+    public FieldAccessorTable(
+        final Descriptor descriptor,
+        final String[] camelCaseNames) {
+      this.descriptor = descriptor;
+      this.camelCaseNames = camelCaseNames;
+      fields = new FieldAccessor[descriptor.getFields().size()];
+      oneofs = new OneofAccessor[descriptor.getOneofs().size()];
+      initialized = false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isMapFieldEnabled(FieldDescriptor field) {
+      boolean result = true;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensures the field accessors are initialized. This method is thread-safe.
+     *
+     * @param messageClass   The message type.
+     * @param builderClass   The builder type.
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public FieldAccessorTable ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
+        Class<? extends GeneratedMessage> messageClass,
+        Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+      if (initialized) { return this; }
+      synchronized (this) {
+        if (initialized) { return this; }
+        int fieldsSize = fields.length;
+        for (int i = 0; i < fieldsSize; i++) {
+          FieldDescriptor field = descriptor.getFields().get(i);
+          String containingOneofCamelCaseName = null;
+          if (field.getContainingOneof() != null) {
+            containingOneofCamelCaseName =
+                camelCaseNames[fieldsSize + field.getContainingOneof().getIndex()];
+          }
+          if (field.isRepeated()) {
+            if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+              if (field.isMapField() && isMapFieldEnabled(field)) {
+                fields[i] = new MapFieldAccessor(
+                    field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass);
+              } else {
+                fields[i] = new RepeatedMessageFieldAccessor(
+                    field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass);
+              }
+            } else if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.ENUM) {
+              fields[i] = new RepeatedEnumFieldAccessor(
+                  field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass);
+            } else {
+              fields[i] = new RepeatedFieldAccessor(
+                  field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass);
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+              fields[i] = new SingularMessageFieldAccessor(
+                  field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass,
+                  containingOneofCamelCaseName);
+            } else if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.ENUM) {
+              fields[i] = new SingularEnumFieldAccessor(
+                  field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass,
+                  containingOneofCamelCaseName);
+            } else if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.STRING) {
+              fields[i] = new SingularStringFieldAccessor(
+                  field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass,
+                  containingOneofCamelCaseName);
+            } else {
+              fields[i] = new SingularFieldAccessor(
+                  field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass,
+                  containingOneofCamelCaseName);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        int oneofsSize = oneofs.length;
+        for (int i = 0; i < oneofsSize; i++) {
+          oneofs[i] = new OneofAccessor(
+              descriptor, camelCaseNames[i + fieldsSize],
+              messageClass, builderClass);
+        }
+        initialized = true;
+        camelCaseNames = null;
+        return this;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private final Descriptor descriptor;
+    private final FieldAccessor[] fields;
+    private String[] camelCaseNames;
+    private final OneofAccessor[] oneofs;
+    private volatile boolean initialized;
+
+    /** Get the FieldAccessor for a particular field. */
+    private FieldAccessor getField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.getContainingType() != descriptor) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "FieldDescriptor does not match message type.");
+      } else if (field.isExtension()) {
+        // If this type had extensions, it would subclass ExtendableMessage,
+        // which overrides the reflection interface to handle extensions.
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "This type does not have extensions.");
+      }
+      return fields[field.getIndex()];
+    }
+
+    /** Get the OneofAccessor for a particular oneof. */
+    private OneofAccessor getOneof(final OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      if (oneof.getContainingType() != descriptor) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "OneofDescriptor does not match message type.");
+      }
+      return oneofs[oneof.getIndex()];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Abstract interface that provides access to a single field.  This is
+     * implemented differently depending on the field type and cardinality.
+     */
+    private interface FieldAccessor {
+      Object get(GeneratedMessage message);
+      Object get(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder);
+      Object getRaw(GeneratedMessage message);
+      Object getRaw(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder);
+      void set(Builder builder, Object value);
+      Object getRepeated(GeneratedMessage message, int index);
+      Object getRepeated(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder, int index);
+      Object getRepeatedRaw(GeneratedMessage message, int index);
+      Object getRepeatedRaw(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder, int index);
+      void setRepeated(Builder builder,
+                       int index, Object value);
+      void addRepeated(Builder builder, Object value);
+      boolean has(GeneratedMessage message);
+      boolean has(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder);
+      int getRepeatedCount(GeneratedMessage message);
+      int getRepeatedCount(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder);
+      void clear(Builder builder);
+      Message.Builder newBuilder();
+      Message.Builder getBuilder(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder);
+      Message.Builder getRepeatedBuilder(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder,
+                                         int index);
+    }
+
+    /** OneofAccessor provides access to a single oneof. */
+    private static class OneofAccessor {
+      OneofAccessor(
+          final Descriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessage> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+        this.descriptor = descriptor;
+        caseMethod =
+            getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Case");
+        caseMethodBuilder =
+            getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Case");
+        clearMethod = getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "clear" + camelCaseName);
+      }
+
+      private final Descriptor descriptor;
+      private final Method caseMethod;
+      private final Method caseMethodBuilder;
+      private final Method clearMethod;
+
+      public boolean has(final GeneratedMessage message) {
+        if (((Internal.EnumLite) invokeOrDie(caseMethod, message)).getNumber() == 0) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      public boolean has(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        if (((Internal.EnumLite) invokeOrDie(caseMethodBuilder, builder)).getNumber() == 0) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      public FieldDescriptor get(final GeneratedMessage message) {
+        int fieldNumber = ((Internal.EnumLite) invokeOrDie(caseMethod, message)).getNumber();
+        if (fieldNumber > 0) {
+          return descriptor.findFieldByNumber(fieldNumber);
+        }
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      public FieldDescriptor get(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        int fieldNumber = ((Internal.EnumLite) invokeOrDie(caseMethodBuilder, builder)).getNumber();
+        if (fieldNumber > 0) {
+          return descriptor.findFieldByNumber(fieldNumber);
+        }
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      public void clear(final Builder builder) {
+        invokeOrDie(clearMethod, builder);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean supportFieldPresence(FileDescriptor file) {
+      return file.getSyntax() == FileDescriptor.Syntax.PROTO2;
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    private static class SingularFieldAccessor implements FieldAccessor {
+      SingularFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessage> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass,
+          final String containingOneofCamelCaseName) {
+        field = descriptor;
+        isOneofField = descriptor.getContainingOneof() != null;
+        hasHasMethod = supportFieldPresence(descriptor.getFile())
+            || (!isOneofField && descriptor.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE);
+        getMethod = getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "get" + camelCaseName);
+        getMethodBuilder = getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName);
+        type = getMethod.getReturnType();
+        setMethod = getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "set" + camelCaseName, type);
+        hasMethod =
+            hasHasMethod ? getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "has" + camelCaseName) : null;
+        hasMethodBuilder =
+            hasHasMethod ? getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "has" + camelCaseName) : null;
+        clearMethod = getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "clear" + camelCaseName);
+        caseMethod = isOneofField ? getMethodOrDie(
+            messageClass, "get" + containingOneofCamelCaseName + "Case") : null;
+        caseMethodBuilder = isOneofField ? getMethodOrDie(
+            builderClass, "get" + containingOneofCamelCaseName + "Case") : null;
+      }
+
+      // Note:  We use Java reflection to call public methods rather than
+      //   access private fields directly as this avoids runtime security
+      //   checks.
+      protected final Class<?> type;
+      protected final Method getMethod;
+      protected final Method getMethodBuilder;
+      protected final Method setMethod;
+      protected final Method hasMethod;
+      protected final Method hasMethodBuilder;
+      protected final Method clearMethod;
+      protected final Method caseMethod;
+      protected final Method caseMethodBuilder;
+      protected final FieldDescriptor field;
+      protected final boolean isOneofField;
+      protected final boolean hasHasMethod;
+
+      private int getOneofFieldNumber(final GeneratedMessage message) {
+        return ((Internal.EnumLite) invokeOrDie(caseMethod, message)).getNumber();
+      }
+
+      private int getOneofFieldNumber(final GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        return ((Internal.EnumLite) invokeOrDie(caseMethodBuilder, builder)).getNumber();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object get(final GeneratedMessage message) {
+        return invokeOrDie(getMethod, message);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object get(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        return invokeOrDie(getMethodBuilder, builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(final GeneratedMessage message) {
+        return get(message);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        return get(builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void set(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        invokeOrDie(setMethod, builder, value);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(final GeneratedMessage message, final int index) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getRepeatedField() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeatedRaw(final GeneratedMessage message, final int index) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getRepeatedFieldRaw() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder, int index) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getRepeatedField() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeatedRaw(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder, int index) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getRepeatedFieldRaw() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void setRepeated(final Builder builder, final int index, final Object value) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "setRepeatedField() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void addRepeated(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "addRepeatedField() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public boolean has(final GeneratedMessage message) {
+        if (!hasHasMethod) {
+          if (isOneofField) {
+            return getOneofFieldNumber(message) == field.getNumber();
+          }
+          return !get(message).equals(field.getDefaultValue());
+        }
+        return (Boolean) invokeOrDie(hasMethod, message);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public boolean has(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        if (!hasHasMethod) {
+          if (isOneofField) {
+            return getOneofFieldNumber(builder) == field.getNumber();
+          }
+          return !get(builder).equals(field.getDefaultValue());
+        }
+        return (Boolean) invokeOrDie(hasMethodBuilder, builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public int getRepeatedCount(final GeneratedMessage message) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getRepeatedFieldSize() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public int getRepeatedCount(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getRepeatedFieldSize() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void clear(final Builder builder) {
+        invokeOrDie(clearMethod, builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder newBuilder() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "newBuilderForField() called on a non-Message type.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder getBuilder(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getFieldBuilder() called on a non-Message type.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder getRepeatedBuilder(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder, int index) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getRepeatedFieldBuilder() called on a non-Message type.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static class RepeatedFieldAccessor implements FieldAccessor {
+      protected final Class type;
+      protected final Method getMethod;
+      protected final Method getMethodBuilder;
+      protected final Method getRepeatedMethod;
+      protected final Method getRepeatedMethodBuilder;
+      protected final Method setRepeatedMethod;
+      protected final Method addRepeatedMethod;
+      protected final Method getCountMethod;
+      protected final Method getCountMethodBuilder;
+      protected final Method clearMethod;
+
+      RepeatedFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessage> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+        getMethod = getMethodOrDie(messageClass,
+                                   "get" + camelCaseName + "List");
+        getMethodBuilder = getMethodOrDie(builderClass,
+                                   "get" + camelCaseName + "List");
+        getRepeatedMethod =
+            getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "get" + camelCaseName, Integer.TYPE);
+        getRepeatedMethodBuilder =
+            getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName, Integer.TYPE);
+        type = getRepeatedMethod.getReturnType();
+        setRepeatedMethod =
+            getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "set" + camelCaseName,
+                           Integer.TYPE, type);
+        addRepeatedMethod =
+            getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "add" + camelCaseName, type);
+        getCountMethod =
+            getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Count");
+        getCountMethodBuilder =
+            getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Count");
+
+        clearMethod = getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "clear" + camelCaseName);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object get(final GeneratedMessage message) {
+        return invokeOrDie(getMethod, message);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object get(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        return invokeOrDie(getMethodBuilder, builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(final GeneratedMessage message) {
+        return get(message);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        return get(builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void set(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        // Add all the elements individually.  This serves two purposes:
+        // 1) Verifies that each element has the correct type.
+        // 2) Insures that the caller cannot modify the list later on and
+        //    have the modifications be reflected in the message.
+        clear(builder);
+        for (final Object element : (List<?>) value) {
+          addRepeated(builder, element);
+        }
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(final GeneratedMessage message, final int index) {
+        return invokeOrDie(getRepeatedMethod, message, index);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder, int index) {
+        return invokeOrDie(getRepeatedMethodBuilder, builder, index);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeatedRaw(GeneratedMessage message, int index) {
+        return getRepeated(message, index);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeatedRaw(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder, int index) {
+        return getRepeated(builder, index);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void setRepeated(final Builder builder, final int index, final Object value) {
+        invokeOrDie(setRepeatedMethod, builder, index, value);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void addRepeated(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        invokeOrDie(addRepeatedMethod, builder, value);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public boolean has(final GeneratedMessage message) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "hasField() called on a repeated field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public boolean has(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "hasField() called on a repeated field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public int getRepeatedCount(final GeneratedMessage message) {
+        return (Integer) invokeOrDie(getCountMethod, message);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public int getRepeatedCount(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        return (Integer) invokeOrDie(getCountMethodBuilder, builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void clear(final Builder builder) {
+        invokeOrDie(clearMethod, builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder newBuilder() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "newBuilderForField() called on a non-Message type.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder getBuilder(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getFieldBuilder() called on a non-Message type.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder getRepeatedBuilder(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder, int index) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getRepeatedFieldBuilder() called on a non-Message type.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static class MapFieldAccessor implements FieldAccessor {
+      MapFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessage> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+        field = descriptor;
+        Method getDefaultInstanceMethod =
+            getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "getDefaultInstance");
+        MapField defaultMapField = getMapField(
+            (GeneratedMessage) invokeOrDie(getDefaultInstanceMethod, null));
+        mapEntryMessageDefaultInstance =
+            defaultMapField.getMapEntryMessageDefaultInstance();
+      }
+
+      private final FieldDescriptor field;
+      private final Message mapEntryMessageDefaultInstance;
+
+      private MapField<?, ?> getMapField(GeneratedMessage message) {
+        return (MapField<?, ?>) message.internalGetMapField(field.getNumber());
+      }
+
+      private MapField<?, ?> getMapField(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        return (MapField<?, ?>) builder.internalGetMapField(field.getNumber());
+      }
+
+      private MapField<?, ?> getMutableMapField(
+          GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        return (MapField<?, ?>) builder.internalGetMutableMapField(
+            field.getNumber());
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      public Object get(GeneratedMessage message) {
+        List result = new ArrayList();
+        for (int i = 0; i < getRepeatedCount(message); i++) {
+          result.add(getRepeated(message, i));
+        }
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(result);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      public Object get(Builder builder) {
+        List result = new ArrayList();
+        for (int i = 0; i < getRepeatedCount(builder); i++) {
+          result.add(getRepeated(builder, i));
+        }
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(result);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(GeneratedMessage message) {
+        return get(message);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        return get(builder);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void set(Builder builder, Object value) {
+        clear(builder);
+        for (Object entry : (List) value) {
+          addRepeated(builder, entry);
+        }
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(GeneratedMessage message, int index) {
+        return getMapField(message).getList().get(index);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(Builder builder, int index) {
+        return getMapField(builder).getList().get(index);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeatedRaw(GeneratedMessage message, int index) {
+        return getRepeated(message, index);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeatedRaw(Builder builder, int index) {
+        return getRepeated(builder, index);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void setRepeated(Builder builder, int index, Object value) {
+        getMutableMapField(builder).getMutableList().set(index, (Message) value);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void addRepeated(Builder builder, Object value) {
+        getMutableMapField(builder).getMutableList().add((Message) value);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean has(GeneratedMessage message) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "hasField() is not supported for repeated fields.");
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean has(Builder builder) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "hasField() is not supported for repeated fields.");
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int getRepeatedCount(GeneratedMessage message) {
+        return getMapField(message).getList().size();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int getRepeatedCount(Builder builder) {
+        return getMapField(builder).getList().size();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void clear(Builder builder) {
+        getMutableMapField(builder).getMutableList().clear();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder newBuilder() {
+        return mapEntryMessageDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder getBuilder(Builder builder) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "Nested builder not supported for map fields.");
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder getRepeatedBuilder(Builder builder, int index) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "Nested builder not supported for map fields.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    private static final class SingularEnumFieldAccessor
+        extends SingularFieldAccessor {
+      SingularEnumFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessage> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass,
+          final String containingOneofCamelCaseName) {
+        super(descriptor, camelCaseName, messageClass, builderClass, containingOneofCamelCaseName);
+
+        enumDescriptor = descriptor.getEnumType();
+
+        valueOfMethod = getMethodOrDie(type, "valueOf",
+                                       EnumValueDescriptor.class);
+        getValueDescriptorMethod =
+          getMethodOrDie(type, "getValueDescriptor");
+
+        supportUnknownEnumValue = descriptor.getFile().supportsUnknownEnumValue();
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          getValueMethod =
+              getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Value");
+          getValueMethodBuilder =
+              getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Value");
+          setValueMethod =
+              getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "set" + camelCaseName + "Value", int.class);
+        }
+      }
+
+      private EnumDescriptor enumDescriptor;
+
+      private Method valueOfMethod;
+      private Method getValueDescriptorMethod;
+
+      private boolean supportUnknownEnumValue;
+      private Method getValueMethod;
+      private Method getValueMethodBuilder;
+      private Method setValueMethod;
+
+      @Override
+      public Object get(final GeneratedMessage message) {
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          int value = (Integer) invokeOrDie(getValueMethod, message);
+          return enumDescriptor.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(value);
+        }
+        return invokeOrDie(getValueDescriptorMethod, super.get(message));
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object get(final GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          int value = (Integer) invokeOrDie(getValueMethodBuilder, builder);
+          return enumDescriptor.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(value);
+        }
+        return invokeOrDie(getValueDescriptorMethod, super.get(builder));
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void set(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          invokeOrDie(setValueMethod, builder,
+              ((EnumValueDescriptor) value).getNumber());
+          return;
+        }
+        super.set(builder, invokeOrDie(valueOfMethod, null, value));
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static final class RepeatedEnumFieldAccessor
+        extends RepeatedFieldAccessor {
+      RepeatedEnumFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessage> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+        super(descriptor, camelCaseName, messageClass, builderClass);
+
+        enumDescriptor = descriptor.getEnumType();
+
+        valueOfMethod = getMethodOrDie(type, "valueOf",
+                                       EnumValueDescriptor.class);
+        getValueDescriptorMethod =
+          getMethodOrDie(type, "getValueDescriptor");
+
+        supportUnknownEnumValue = descriptor.getFile().supportsUnknownEnumValue();
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          getRepeatedValueMethod =
+              getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Value", int.class);
+          getRepeatedValueMethodBuilder =
+              getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Value", int.class);
+          setRepeatedValueMethod =
+              getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "set" + camelCaseName + "Value", int.class, int.class);
+          addRepeatedValueMethod =
+              getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "add" + camelCaseName + "Value", int.class);
+        }
+      }
+      private EnumDescriptor enumDescriptor;
+
+      private final Method valueOfMethod;
+      private final Method getValueDescriptorMethod;
+
+      private boolean supportUnknownEnumValue;
+      private Method getRepeatedValueMethod;
+      private Method getRepeatedValueMethodBuilder;
+      private Method setRepeatedValueMethod;
+      private Method addRepeatedValueMethod;
+
+      @Override
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      public Object get(final GeneratedMessage message) {
+        final List newList = new ArrayList();
+        final int size = getRepeatedCount(message);
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+          newList.add(getRepeated(message, i));
+        }
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(newList);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      public Object get(final GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        final List newList = new ArrayList();
+        final int size = getRepeatedCount(builder);
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+          newList.add(getRepeated(builder, i));
+        }
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(newList);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(final GeneratedMessage message,
+                                final int index) {
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          int value = (Integer) invokeOrDie(getRepeatedValueMethod, message, index);
+          return enumDescriptor.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(value);
+        }
+        return invokeOrDie(getValueDescriptorMethod,
+          super.getRepeated(message, index));
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(final GeneratedMessage.Builder builder,
+                                final int index) {
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          int value = (Integer) invokeOrDie(getRepeatedValueMethodBuilder, builder, index);
+          return enumDescriptor.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(value);
+        }
+        return invokeOrDie(getValueDescriptorMethod,
+          super.getRepeated(builder, index));
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void setRepeated(final Builder builder,
+                              final int index, final Object value) {
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          invokeOrDie(setRepeatedValueMethod, builder, index,
+              ((EnumValueDescriptor) value).getNumber());
+          return;
+        }
+        super.setRepeated(builder, index, invokeOrDie(valueOfMethod, null,
+                          value));
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void addRepeated(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          invokeOrDie(addRepeatedValueMethod, builder,
+              ((EnumValueDescriptor) value).getNumber());
+          return;
+        }
+        super.addRepeated(builder, invokeOrDie(valueOfMethod, null, value));
+      }
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Field accessor for string fields.
+     *
+     * <p>This class makes getFooBytes() and setFooBytes() available for
+     * reflection API so that reflection based serialize/parse functions can
+     * access the raw bytes of the field to preserve non-UTF8 bytes in the
+     * string.
+     *
+     * <p>This ensures the serialize/parse round-trip safety, which is important
+     * for servers which forward messages.
+     */
+    private static final class SingularStringFieldAccessor
+        extends SingularFieldAccessor {
+      SingularStringFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessage> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass,
+          final String containingOneofCamelCaseName) {
+        super(descriptor, camelCaseName, messageClass, builderClass,
+            containingOneofCamelCaseName);
+        getBytesMethod = getMethodOrDie(messageClass,
+            "get" + camelCaseName + "Bytes");
+        getBytesMethodBuilder = getMethodOrDie(builderClass,
+            "get" + camelCaseName + "Bytes");
+        setBytesMethodBuilder = getMethodOrDie(builderClass,
+            "set" + camelCaseName + "Bytes", ByteString.class);
+      }
+
+      private final Method getBytesMethod;
+      private final Method getBytesMethodBuilder;
+      private final Method setBytesMethodBuilder;
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(final GeneratedMessage message) {
+        return invokeOrDie(getBytesMethod, message);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        return invokeOrDie(getBytesMethodBuilder, builder);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void set(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder, Object value) {
+        if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+          invokeOrDie(setBytesMethodBuilder, builder, value);
+        } else {
+          super.set(builder, value);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    private static final class SingularMessageFieldAccessor
+        extends SingularFieldAccessor {
+      SingularMessageFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessage> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass,
+          final String containingOneofCamelCaseName) {
+        super(descriptor, camelCaseName, messageClass, builderClass,
+            containingOneofCamelCaseName);
+
+        newBuilderMethod = getMethodOrDie(type, "newBuilder");
+        getBuilderMethodBuilder =
+            getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Builder");
+      }
+
+      private final Method newBuilderMethod;
+      private final Method getBuilderMethodBuilder;
+
+      private Object coerceType(final Object value) {
+        if (type.isInstance(value)) {
+          return value;
+        } else {
+          // The value is not the exact right message type.  However, if it
+          // is an alternative implementation of the same type -- e.g. a
+          // DynamicMessage -- we should accept it.  In this case we can make
+          // a copy of the message.
+          return ((Message.Builder) invokeOrDie(newBuilderMethod, null))
+                  .mergeFrom((Message) value).buildPartial();
+        }
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void set(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        super.set(builder, coerceType(value));
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder newBuilder() {
+        return (Message.Builder) invokeOrDie(newBuilderMethod, null);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder getBuilder(GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+        return (Message.Builder) invokeOrDie(getBuilderMethodBuilder, builder);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static final class RepeatedMessageFieldAccessor
+        extends RepeatedFieldAccessor {
+      RepeatedMessageFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessage> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+        super(descriptor, camelCaseName, messageClass, builderClass);
+
+        newBuilderMethod = getMethodOrDie(type, "newBuilder");
+        getBuilderMethodBuilder = getMethodOrDie(builderClass,
+            "get" + camelCaseName + "Builder", Integer.TYPE);
+      }
+
+      private final Method newBuilderMethod;
+      private final Method getBuilderMethodBuilder;
+
+      private Object coerceType(final Object value) {
+        if (type.isInstance(value)) {
+          return value;
+        } else {
+          // The value is not the exact right message type.  However, if it
+          // is an alternative implementation of the same type -- e.g. a
+          // DynamicMessage -- we should accept it.  In this case we can make
+          // a copy of the message.
+          return ((Message.Builder) invokeOrDie(newBuilderMethod, null))
+                  .mergeFrom((Message) value).build();
+        }
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void setRepeated(final Builder builder,
+                              final int index, final Object value) {
+        super.setRepeated(builder, index, coerceType(value));
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void addRepeated(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        super.addRepeated(builder, coerceType(value));
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder newBuilder() {
+        return (Message.Builder) invokeOrDie(newBuilderMethod, null);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder getRepeatedBuilder(
+          final GeneratedMessage.Builder builder, final int index) {
+        return (Message.Builder) invokeOrDie(
+            getBuilderMethodBuilder, builder, index);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Replaces this object in the output stream with a serialized form.
+   * Part of Java's serialization magic.  Generated sub-classes must override
+   * this method by calling {@code return super.writeReplace();}
+   * @return a SerializedForm of this message
+   */
+  protected Object writeReplace() throws ObjectStreamException {
+    return new GeneratedMessageLite.SerializedForm(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks that the {@link Extension} is non-Lite and returns it as a
+   * {@link GeneratedExtension}.
+   */
+  private static <MessageType extends ExtendableMessage<MessageType>, T>
+    Extension<MessageType, T> checkNotLite(
+        ExtensionLite<MessageType, T> extension) {
+    if (extension.isLite()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected non-lite extension.");
+    }
+
+    return (Extension<MessageType, T>) extension;
+  }
+
+  protected static int computeStringSize(final int fieldNumber, final Object value) {
+    if (value instanceof String) {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeStringSize(fieldNumber, (String) value);
+    } else {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSize(fieldNumber, (ByteString) value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static int computeStringSizeNoTag(final Object value) {
+    if (value instanceof String) {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeStringSizeNoTag((String) value);
+    } else {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSizeNoTag((ByteString) value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static void writeString(
+      CodedOutputStream output, final int fieldNumber, final Object value) throws IOException {
+    if (value instanceof String) {
+      output.writeString(fieldNumber, (String) value);
+    } else {
+      output.writeBytes(fieldNumber, (ByteString) value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static void writeStringNoTag(
+      CodedOutputStream output, final Object value) throws IOException {
+    if (value instanceof String) {
+      output.writeStringNoTag((String) value);
+    } else {
+      output.writeBytesNoTag((ByteString) value);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageInfoFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageInfoFactory.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3e3efb929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageInfoFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/** A factory for message info that is generated into the message itself. */
+@ExperimentalApi
+class GeneratedMessageInfoFactory implements MessageInfoFactory {
+
+  private static final GeneratedMessageInfoFactory instance = new GeneratedMessageInfoFactory();
+
+  // Disallow construction - it's a singleton.
+  private GeneratedMessageInfoFactory() {}
+
+  public static GeneratedMessageInfoFactory getInstance() {
+    return instance;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isSupported(Class<?> messageType) {
+    return GeneratedMessageLite.class.isAssignableFrom(messageType);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageInfo messageInfoFor(Class<?> messageType) {
+    if (!GeneratedMessageLite.class.isAssignableFrom(messageType)) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported message type: " + messageType.getName());
+    }
+
+    try {
+      return (MessageInfo) GeneratedMessageLite.getDefaultInstance(
+          messageType.asSubclass(GeneratedMessageLite.class))
+          .buildMessageInfo();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Unable to get message info for " + messageType.getName(), e);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageLite.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ee785de8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1737 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.LimitedInputStream;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.BooleanList;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.DoubleList;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.FloatList;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.IntList;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.LongList;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList;
+import com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FieldType;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+/**
+ * Lite version of {@link GeneratedMessage}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public abstract class GeneratedMessageLite<
+        MessageType extends GeneratedMessageLite<MessageType, BuilderType>,
+        BuilderType extends GeneratedMessageLite.Builder<MessageType, BuilderType>>
+    extends AbstractMessageLite<MessageType, BuilderType> {
+
+  /** For use by generated code only. Lazily initialized to reduce allocations. */
+  protected UnknownFieldSetLite unknownFields = UnknownFieldSetLite.getDefaultInstance();
+
+  /** For use by generated code only. */
+  protected int memoizedSerializedSize = -1;
+
+  @Override
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Guaranteed by runtime.
+  public final Parser<MessageType> getParserForType() {
+    return (Parser<MessageType>) dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke.GET_PARSER);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Guaranteed by runtime.
+  public final MessageType getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+    return (MessageType) dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke.GET_DEFAULT_INSTANCE);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Guaranteed by runtime.
+  public final BuilderType newBuilderForType() {
+    return (BuilderType) dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke.NEW_BUILDER);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A reflective toString function. This is primarily intended as a developer aid, while keeping
+   * binary size down. The first line of the {@code toString()} representation includes a commented
+   * version of {@code super.toString()} to act as an indicator that this should not be relied on
+   * for comparisons.
+   *
+   * <p>NOTE: This method relies on the field getter methods not being stripped or renamed by
+   * proguard. If they are, the fields will not be included in the returned string representation.
+   *
+   * <p>NOTE: This implementation is liable to change in the future, and should not be relied on in
+   * code.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return MessageLiteToString.toString(this, super.toString());
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Guaranteed by runtime
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    if (memoizedHashCode != 0) {
+      return memoizedHashCode;
+    }
+    memoizedHashCode = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(this).hashCode(this);
+    return memoizedHashCode;
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Guaranteed by isInstance + runtime
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(
+          Object other) {
+    if (this == other) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!getDefaultInstanceForType().getClass().isInstance(other)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(this).equals(this, (MessageType) other);
+  }
+
+  // The general strategy for unknown fields is to use an UnknownFieldSetLite that is treated as
+  // mutable during the parsing constructor and immutable after. This allows us to avoid
+  // any unnecessary intermediary allocations while reducing the generated code size.
+
+  /** Lazily initializes unknown fields. */
+  private final void ensureUnknownFieldsInitialized() {
+    if (unknownFields == UnknownFieldSetLite.getDefaultInstance()) {
+      unknownFields = UnknownFieldSetLite.newInstance();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Called by subclasses to parse an unknown field. For use by generated code only.
+   *
+   * @return {@code true} unless the tag is an end-group tag.
+   */
+  protected boolean parseUnknownField(int tag, CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+    // This will avoid the allocation of unknown fields when a group tag is encountered.
+    if (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag) == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    ensureUnknownFieldsInitialized();
+    return unknownFields.mergeFieldFrom(tag, input);
+  }
+
+  /** Called by subclasses to parse an unknown field. For use by generated code only. */
+  protected void mergeVarintField(int tag, int value) {
+    ensureUnknownFieldsInitialized();
+    unknownFields.mergeVarintField(tag, value);
+  }
+
+  /** Called by subclasses to parse an unknown field. For use by generated code only. */
+  protected void mergeLengthDelimitedField(int fieldNumber, ByteString value) {
+    ensureUnknownFieldsInitialized();
+    unknownFields.mergeLengthDelimitedField(fieldNumber, value);
+  }
+
+  /** Called by subclasses to complete parsing. For use by generated code only. */
+  protected void makeImmutable() {
+    Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(this).makeImmutable(this);
+  }
+
+  protected final <
+          MessageType extends GeneratedMessageLite<MessageType, BuilderType>,
+          BuilderType extends GeneratedMessageLite.Builder<MessageType, BuilderType>>
+      BuilderType createBuilder() {
+    return (BuilderType) dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke.NEW_BUILDER);
+  }
+
+  protected final <
+          MessageType extends GeneratedMessageLite<MessageType, BuilderType>,
+          BuilderType extends GeneratedMessageLite.Builder<MessageType, BuilderType>>
+      BuilderType createBuilder(MessageType prototype) {
+    return ((BuilderType) createBuilder()).mergeFrom(prototype);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final boolean isInitialized() {
+    return isInitialized((MessageType) this, Boolean.TRUE);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public final BuilderType toBuilder() {
+    BuilderType builder = (BuilderType) dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke.NEW_BUILDER);
+    builder.mergeFrom((MessageType) this);
+    return builder;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Defines which method path to invoke in {@link GeneratedMessageLite
+   * #dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke, Object...)}.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   */
+  public static enum MethodToInvoke {
+    // Rely on/modify instance state
+    GET_MEMOIZED_IS_INITIALIZED,
+    SET_MEMOIZED_IS_INITIALIZED,
+
+    // Rely on static state
+    BUILD_MESSAGE_INFO,
+    NEW_MUTABLE_INSTANCE,
+    NEW_BUILDER,
+    GET_DEFAULT_INSTANCE,
+    GET_PARSER;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A method that implements different types of operations described in {@link MethodToInvoke}.
+   * Theses different kinds of operations are required to implement message-level operations for
+   * builders in the runtime. This method bundles those operations to reduce the generated methods
+   * count.
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>{@code NEW_INSTANCE} returns a new instance of the protocol buffer that has not yet been
+   *       made immutable. See {@code MAKE_IMMUTABLE}.
+   *   <li>{@code IS_INITIALIZED} returns {@code null} for false and the default instance for true.
+   *       It doesn't use or modify any memoized value.
+   *   <li>{@code GET_MEMOIZED_IS_INITIALIZED} returns the memoized {@code isInitialized} byte
+   *       value.
+   *   <li>{@code SET_MEMOIZED_IS_INITIALIZED} sets the memoized {@code isInitilaized} byte value to
+   *       1 if the first parameter is not null, or to 0 if the first parameter is null.
+   *   <li>{@code NEW_BUILDER} returns a {@code BuilderType} instance.
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * This method, plus the implementation of the Builder, enables the Builder class to be proguarded
+   * away entirely on Android.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   */
+  protected abstract Object dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke method, Object arg0, Object arg1);
+
+  /** Same as {@link #dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke, Object, Object)} with {@code null} padding. */
+  protected Object dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke method, Object arg0) {
+    return dynamicMethod(method, arg0, null);
+  }
+
+  /** Same as {@link #dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke, Object, Object)} with {@code null} padding. */
+  protected Object dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke method) {
+    return dynamicMethod(method, null, null);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  int getMemoizedSerializedSize() {
+    return memoizedSerializedSize;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void setMemoizedSerializedSize(int size) {
+    memoizedSerializedSize = size;
+  }
+
+  public void writeTo(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    Protobuf.getInstance()
+        .schemaFor(this)
+        .writeTo(this, CodedOutputStreamWriter.forCodedOutput(output));
+  }
+
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    if (memoizedSerializedSize == -1) {
+      memoizedSerializedSize = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(this).getSerializedSize(this);
+    }
+    return memoizedSerializedSize;
+  }
+
+  /** Constructs a {@link MessageInfo} for this message type. */
+  Object buildMessageInfo() throws Exception {
+    return dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke.BUILD_MESSAGE_INFO);
+  }
+
+  private static Map<Object, GeneratedMessageLite<?, ?>> defaultInstanceMap =
+      new ConcurrentHashMap<Object, GeneratedMessageLite<?, ?>>();
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<?, ?>> T getDefaultInstance(Class<T> clazz) {
+    T result = (T) defaultInstanceMap.get(clazz);
+    if (result == null) {
+      // Foo.class does not initialize the class so we need to force the initialization in order to
+      // get the default instance registered.
+      try {
+        Class.forName(clazz.getName(), true, clazz.getClassLoader());
+      } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Class initialization cannot fail.", e);
+      }
+      result = (T) defaultInstanceMap.get(clazz);
+    }
+    if (result == null) {
+      // On some Samsung devices, this still doesn't return a valid value for some reason. We add a
+      // reflective fallback to keep the device running. See b/114675342.
+      result = (T) UnsafeUtil.allocateInstance(clazz).getDefaultInstanceForType();
+      // A sanity check to ensure that <clinit> was actually invoked.
+      if (result == null) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException();
+      }
+      defaultInstanceMap.put(clazz, result);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  protected static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<?, ?>> void registerDefaultInstance(
+      Class<T> clazz, T defaultInstance) {
+    defaultInstanceMap.put(clazz, defaultInstance);
+  }
+
+  protected static Object newMessageInfo(
+      MessageLite defaultInstance, String info, Object[] objects) {
+    return new RawMessageInfo(defaultInstance, info, objects);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merge some unknown fields into the {@link UnknownFieldSetLite} for this message.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   */
+  protected final void mergeUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSetLite unknownFields) {
+    this.unknownFields = UnknownFieldSetLite.mutableCopyOf(this.unknownFields, unknownFields);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public abstract static class Builder<
+          MessageType extends GeneratedMessageLite<MessageType, BuilderType>,
+          BuilderType extends Builder<MessageType, BuilderType>>
+      extends AbstractMessageLite.Builder<MessageType, BuilderType> {
+
+    private final MessageType defaultInstance;
+    protected MessageType instance;
+    protected boolean isBuilt;
+
+    protected Builder(MessageType defaultInstance) {
+      this.defaultInstance = defaultInstance;
+      this.instance =
+          (MessageType) defaultInstance.dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke.NEW_MUTABLE_INSTANCE);
+      isBuilt = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called before any method that would mutate the builder to ensure that it correctly copies any
+     * state before the write happens to preserve immutability guarantees.
+     */
+    protected final void copyOnWrite() {
+      if (isBuilt) {
+        copyOnWriteInternal();
+        isBuilt = false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    protected void copyOnWriteInternal() {
+      MessageType newInstance =
+          (MessageType) instance.dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke.NEW_MUTABLE_INSTANCE);
+      mergeFromInstance(newInstance, instance);
+      instance = newInstance;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final boolean isInitialized() {
+      return GeneratedMessageLite.isInitialized(instance, /* shouldMemoize= */ false);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final BuilderType clear() {
+      // No need to copy on write since we're dropping the instance anyways.
+      instance = (MessageType) instance.dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke.NEW_MUTABLE_INSTANCE);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clone() {
+      BuilderType builder = (BuilderType) getDefaultInstanceForType().newBuilderForType();
+      builder.mergeFrom(buildPartial());
+      return builder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MessageType buildPartial() {
+      if (isBuilt) {
+        return instance;
+      }
+
+      instance.makeImmutable();
+
+      isBuilt = true;
+      return instance;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final MessageType build() {
+      MessageType result = buildPartial();
+      if (!result.isInitialized()) {
+        throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected BuilderType internalMergeFrom(MessageType message) {
+      return mergeFrom(message);
+    }
+
+    /** All subclasses implement this. */
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(MessageType message) {
+      copyOnWrite();
+      mergeFromInstance(instance, message);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    private void mergeFromInstance(MessageType dest, MessageType src) {
+      Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(dest).mergeFrom(dest, src);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MessageType getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+      return defaultInstance;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        byte[] input, int offset, int length, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      copyOnWrite();
+      try {
+        Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(instance).mergeFrom(
+            instance, input, offset, offset + length,
+            new ArrayDecoders.Registers(extensionRegistry));
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Reading from byte array should not throw IOException.", e);
+      }
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        byte[] input, int offset, int length)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return mergeFrom(input, offset, length, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      copyOnWrite();
+      try {
+        // TODO(yilunchong): Try to make input with type CodedInpuStream.ArrayDecoder use
+        // fast path.
+        Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(instance).mergeFrom(
+            instance, CodedInputStreamReader.forCodedInput(input), extensionRegistry);
+      } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+        if (e.getCause() instanceof IOException) {
+          throw (IOException) e.getCause();
+        }
+        throw e;
+      }
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Extensions-related stuff
+
+  /** Lite equivalent of {@link com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.ExtendableMessageOrBuilder}. */
+  public interface ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<
+          MessageType extends ExtendableMessage<MessageType, BuilderType>,
+          BuilderType extends ExtendableBuilder<MessageType, BuilderType>>
+      extends MessageLiteOrBuilder {
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    <Type> boolean hasExtension(ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extension);
+
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    <Type> int getExtensionCount(ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extension);
+
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    <Type> Type getExtension(ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extension);
+
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    <Type> Type getExtension(ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, int index);
+  }
+
+  /** Lite equivalent of {@link GeneratedMessage.ExtendableMessage}. */
+  public abstract static class ExtendableMessage<
+          MessageType extends ExtendableMessage<MessageType, BuilderType>,
+          BuilderType extends ExtendableBuilder<MessageType, BuilderType>>
+      extends GeneratedMessageLite<MessageType, BuilderType>
+      implements ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<MessageType, BuilderType> {
+
+    /** Represents the set of extensions on this message. For use by generated code only. */
+    protected FieldSet<ExtensionDescriptor> extensions = FieldSet.emptySet();
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    protected final void mergeExtensionFields(final MessageType other) {
+      if (extensions.isImmutable()) {
+        extensions = extensions.clone();
+      }
+      extensions.mergeFrom(((ExtendableMessage) other).extensions);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an unknown field or an extension. For use by generated code only.
+     *
+     * <p>For use by generated code only.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} unless the tag is an end-group tag.
+     */
+    protected <MessageType extends MessageLite> boolean parseUnknownField(
+        MessageType defaultInstance,
+        CodedInputStream input,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+        int tag)
+        throws IOException {
+      int fieldNumber = WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag);
+
+      // TODO(dweis): How much bytecode would be saved by not requiring the generated code to
+      //     provide the default instance?
+      GeneratedExtension<MessageType, ?> extension =
+          extensionRegistry.findLiteExtensionByNumber(defaultInstance, fieldNumber);
+
+      return parseExtension(input, extensionRegistry, extension, tag, fieldNumber);
+    }
+
+    private boolean parseExtension(
+        CodedInputStream input,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+        GeneratedExtension<?, ?> extension,
+        int tag,
+        int fieldNumber)
+        throws IOException {
+      int wireType = WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag);
+      boolean unknown = false;
+      boolean packed = false;
+      if (extension == null) {
+        unknown = true; // Unknown field.
+      } else if (wireType
+          == FieldSet.getWireFormatForFieldType(
+              extension.descriptor.getLiteType(), /* isPacked= */ false)) {
+        packed = false; // Normal, unpacked value.
+      } else if (extension.descriptor.isRepeated
+          && extension.descriptor.type.isPackable()
+          && wireType
+              == FieldSet.getWireFormatForFieldType(
+                  extension.descriptor.getLiteType(), /* isPacked= */ true)) {
+        packed = true; // Packed value.
+      } else {
+        unknown = true; // Wrong wire type.
+      }
+
+      if (unknown) { // Unknown field or wrong wire type.  Skip.
+        return parseUnknownField(tag, input);
+      }
+
+      ensureExtensionsAreMutable();
+
+      if (packed) {
+        int length = input.readRawVarint32();
+        int limit = input.pushLimit(length);
+        if (extension.descriptor.getLiteType() == WireFormat.FieldType.ENUM) {
+          while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+            int rawValue = input.readEnum();
+            Object value = extension.descriptor.getEnumType().findValueByNumber(rawValue);
+            if (value == null) {
+              // If the number isn't recognized as a valid value for this
+              // enum, drop it (don't even add it to unknownFields).
+              return true;
+            }
+            extensions.addRepeatedField(
+                extension.descriptor, extension.singularToFieldSetType(value));
+          }
+        } else {
+          while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+            Object value =
+                FieldSet.readPrimitiveField(
+                    input, extension.descriptor.getLiteType(), /*checkUtf8=*/ false);
+            extensions.addRepeatedField(extension.descriptor, value);
+          }
+        }
+        input.popLimit(limit);
+      } else {
+        Object value;
+        switch (extension.descriptor.getLiteJavaType()) {
+          case MESSAGE:
+            {
+              MessageLite.Builder subBuilder = null;
+              if (!extension.descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+                MessageLite existingValue = (MessageLite) extensions.getField(extension.descriptor);
+                if (existingValue != null) {
+                  subBuilder = existingValue.toBuilder();
+                }
+              }
+              if (subBuilder == null) {
+                subBuilder = extension.getMessageDefaultInstance().newBuilderForType();
+              }
+              if (extension.descriptor.getLiteType() == WireFormat.FieldType.GROUP) {
+                input.readGroup(extension.getNumber(), subBuilder, extensionRegistry);
+              } else {
+                input.readMessage(subBuilder, extensionRegistry);
+              }
+              value = subBuilder.build();
+              break;
+            }
+          case ENUM:
+            int rawValue = input.readEnum();
+            value = extension.descriptor.getEnumType().findValueByNumber(rawValue);
+            // If the number isn't recognized as a valid value for this enum,
+            // write it to unknown fields object.
+            if (value == null) {
+              mergeVarintField(fieldNumber, rawValue);
+              return true;
+            }
+            break;
+          default:
+            value =
+                FieldSet.readPrimitiveField(
+                    input, extension.descriptor.getLiteType(), /*checkUtf8=*/ false);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (extension.descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+          extensions.addRepeatedField(
+              extension.descriptor, extension.singularToFieldSetType(value));
+        } else {
+          extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, extension.singularToFieldSetType(value));
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an unknown field or an extension. For use by generated code only.
+     *
+     * <p>For use by generated code only.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} unless the tag is an end-group tag.
+     */
+    protected <MessageType extends MessageLite> boolean parseUnknownFieldAsMessageSet(
+        MessageType defaultInstance,
+        CodedInputStream input,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+        int tag)
+        throws IOException {
+
+      if (tag == WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_TAG) {
+        mergeMessageSetExtensionFromCodedStream(defaultInstance, input, extensionRegistry);
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      // TODO(dweis): Do we really want to support non message set wire format in message sets?
+      // Full runtime does... So we do for now.
+      int wireType = WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag);
+      if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+        return parseUnknownField(defaultInstance, input, extensionRegistry, tag);
+      } else {
+        // TODO(dweis): Should we throw on invalid input? Full runtime does not...
+        return input.skipField(tag);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Merges the message set from the input stream; requires message set wire format.
+     *
+     * @param defaultInstance the default instance of the containing message we are parsing in
+     * @param input the stream to parse from
+     * @param extensionRegistry the registry to use when parsing
+     */
+    private <MessageType extends MessageLite> void mergeMessageSetExtensionFromCodedStream(
+        MessageType defaultInstance,
+        CodedInputStream input,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      // The wire format for MessageSet is:
+      //   message MessageSet {
+      //     repeated group Item = 1 {
+      //       required int32 typeId = 2;
+      //       required bytes message = 3;
+      //     }
+      //   }
+      // "typeId" is the extension's field number.  The extension can only be
+      // a message type, where "message" contains the encoded bytes of that
+      // message.
+      //
+      // In practice, we will probably never see a MessageSet item in which
+      // the message appears before the type ID, or where either field does not
+      // appear exactly once.  However, in theory such cases are valid, so we
+      // should be prepared to accept them.
+
+      int typeId = 0;
+      ByteString rawBytes = null; // If we encounter "message" before "typeId"
+      GeneratedExtension<?, ?> extension = null;
+
+      // Read bytes from input, if we get it's type first then parse it eagerly,
+      // otherwise we store the raw bytes in a local variable.
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = input.readTag();
+        if (tag == 0) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+        if (tag == WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID_TAG) {
+          typeId = input.readUInt32();
+          if (typeId != 0) {
+            extension = extensionRegistry.findLiteExtensionByNumber(defaultInstance, typeId);
+          }
+
+        } else if (tag == WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE_TAG) {
+          if (typeId != 0) {
+            if (extension != null) {
+              // We already know the type, so we can parse directly from the
+              // input with no copying.  Hooray!
+              eagerlyMergeMessageSetExtension(input, extension, extensionRegistry, typeId);
+              rawBytes = null;
+              continue;
+            }
+          }
+          // We haven't seen a type ID yet or we want parse message lazily.
+          rawBytes = input.readBytes();
+
+        } else { // Unknown tag. Skip it.
+          if (!input.skipField(tag)) {
+            break; // End of group
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      input.checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_END_TAG);
+
+      // Process the raw bytes.
+      if (rawBytes != null && typeId != 0) { // Zero is not a valid type ID.
+        if (extension != null) { // We known the type
+          mergeMessageSetExtensionFromBytes(rawBytes, extensionRegistry, extension);
+        } else { // We don't know how to parse this. Ignore it.
+          if (rawBytes != null) {
+            mergeLengthDelimitedField(typeId, rawBytes);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void eagerlyMergeMessageSetExtension(
+        CodedInputStream input,
+        GeneratedExtension<?, ?> extension,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+        int typeId)
+        throws IOException {
+      int fieldNumber = typeId;
+      int tag = WireFormat.makeTag(typeId, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      parseExtension(input, extensionRegistry, extension, tag, fieldNumber);
+    }
+
+    private void mergeMessageSetExtensionFromBytes(
+        ByteString rawBytes,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+        GeneratedExtension<?, ?> extension)
+        throws IOException {
+      MessageLite.Builder subBuilder = null;
+      MessageLite existingValue = (MessageLite) extensions.getField(extension.descriptor);
+      if (existingValue != null) {
+        subBuilder = existingValue.toBuilder();
+      }
+      if (subBuilder == null) {
+        subBuilder = extension.getMessageDefaultInstance().newBuilderForType();
+      }
+      subBuilder.mergeFrom(rawBytes, extensionRegistry);
+      MessageLite value = subBuilder.build();
+
+      ensureExtensionsAreMutable()
+          .setField(extension.descriptor, extension.singularToFieldSetType(value));
+    }
+
+    FieldSet<ExtensionDescriptor> ensureExtensionsAreMutable() {
+      if (extensions.isImmutable()) {
+        extensions = extensions.clone();
+      }
+      return extensions;
+    }
+
+    private void verifyExtensionContainingType(final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, ?> extension) {
+      if (extension.getContainingTypeDefaultInstance() != getDefaultInstanceForType()) {
+        // This can only happen if someone uses unchecked operations.
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "This extension is for a different message type.  Please make "
+                + "sure that you are not suppressing any generics type warnings.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> boolean hasExtension(final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extensionLite = checkIsLite(extension);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extensionLite);
+      return extensions.hasField(extensionLite.descriptor);
+    }
+
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extension) {
+      GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite = checkIsLite(extension);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extensionLite);
+      return extensions.getRepeatedFieldCount(extensionLite.descriptor);
+    }
+
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extensionLite = checkIsLite(extension);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extensionLite);
+      final Object value = extensions.getField(extensionLite.descriptor);
+      if (value == null) {
+        return extensionLite.defaultValue;
+      } else {
+        return (Type) extensionLite.fromFieldSetType(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final int index) {
+      GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite = checkIsLite(extension);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extensionLite);
+      return (Type)
+          extensionLite.singularFromFieldSetType(
+              extensions.getRepeatedField(extensionLite.descriptor, index));
+    }
+
+    /** Called by subclasses to check if all extensions are initialized. */
+    protected boolean extensionsAreInitialized() {
+      return extensions.isInitialized();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used by subclasses to serialize extensions. Extension ranges may be interleaved with field
+     * numbers, but we must write them in canonical (sorted by field number) order. ExtensionWriter
+     * helps us write individual ranges of extensions at once.
+     */
+    protected class ExtensionWriter {
+      // Imagine how much simpler this code would be if Java iterators had
+      // a way to get the next element without advancing the iterator.
+
+      private final Iterator<Map.Entry<ExtensionDescriptor, Object>> iter = extensions.iterator();
+      private Map.Entry<ExtensionDescriptor, Object> next;
+      private final boolean messageSetWireFormat;
+
+      private ExtensionWriter(boolean messageSetWireFormat) {
+        if (iter.hasNext()) {
+          next = iter.next();
+        }
+        this.messageSetWireFormat = messageSetWireFormat;
+      }
+
+      public void writeUntil(final int end, final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+        while (next != null && next.getKey().getNumber() < end) {
+          ExtensionDescriptor extension = next.getKey();
+          if (messageSetWireFormat
+              && extension.getLiteJavaType() == WireFormat.JavaType.MESSAGE
+              && !extension.isRepeated()) {
+            output.writeMessageSetExtension(extension.getNumber(), (MessageLite) next.getValue());
+          } else {
+            FieldSet.writeField(extension, next.getValue(), output);
+          }
+          if (iter.hasNext()) {
+            next = iter.next();
+          } else {
+            next = null;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    protected ExtensionWriter newExtensionWriter() {
+      return new ExtensionWriter(false);
+    }
+
+    protected ExtensionWriter newMessageSetExtensionWriter() {
+      return new ExtensionWriter(true);
+    }
+
+    /** Called by subclasses to compute the size of extensions. */
+    protected int extensionsSerializedSize() {
+      return extensions.getSerializedSize();
+    }
+
+    protected int extensionsSerializedSizeAsMessageSet() {
+      return extensions.getMessageSetSerializedSize();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Lite equivalent of {@link GeneratedMessage.ExtendableBuilder}. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public abstract static class ExtendableBuilder<
+          MessageType extends ExtendableMessage<MessageType, BuilderType>,
+          BuilderType extends ExtendableBuilder<MessageType, BuilderType>>
+      extends Builder<MessageType, BuilderType>
+      implements ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<MessageType, BuilderType> {
+    protected ExtendableBuilder(MessageType defaultInstance) {
+      super(defaultInstance);
+    }
+
+    // For immutable message conversion.
+    void internalSetExtensionSet(FieldSet<ExtensionDescriptor> extensions) {
+      copyOnWrite();
+      instance.extensions = extensions;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void copyOnWriteInternal() {
+      super.copyOnWriteInternal();
+      instance.extensions = instance.extensions.clone();
+    }
+
+    private FieldSet<ExtensionDescriptor> ensureExtensionsAreMutable() {
+      FieldSet<ExtensionDescriptor> extensions = instance.extensions;
+      if (extensions.isImmutable()) {
+        extensions = extensions.clone();
+        instance.extensions = extensions;
+      }
+      return extensions;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final MessageType buildPartial() {
+      if (isBuilt) {
+        return instance;
+      }
+
+      instance.extensions.makeImmutable();
+      return super.buildPartial();
+    }
+
+    private void verifyExtensionContainingType(final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, ?> extension) {
+      if (extension.getContainingTypeDefaultInstance() != getDefaultInstanceForType()) {
+        // This can only happen if someone uses unchecked operations.
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "This extension is for a different message type.  Please make "
+                + "sure that you are not suppressing any generics type warnings.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> boolean hasExtension(final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return instance.hasExtension(extension);
+    }
+
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extension) {
+      return instance.getExtensionCount(extension);
+    }
+
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return instance.getExtension(extension);
+    }
+
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final int index) {
+      return instance.getExtension(extension, index);
+    }
+
+    /** Set the value of an extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType setExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extension, final Type value) {
+      GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extensionLite = checkIsLite(extension);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extensionLite);
+      copyOnWrite();
+      ensureExtensionsAreMutable()
+          .setField(extensionLite.descriptor, extensionLite.toFieldSetType(value));
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /** Set the value of one element of a repeated extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType setExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final int index, final Type value) {
+      GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite = checkIsLite(extension);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extensionLite);
+      copyOnWrite();
+      ensureExtensionsAreMutable()
+          .setRepeatedField(
+              extensionLite.descriptor, index, extensionLite.singularToFieldSetType(value));
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /** Append a value to a repeated extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType addExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final Type value) {
+      GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite = checkIsLite(extension);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extensionLite);
+      copyOnWrite();
+      ensureExtensionsAreMutable()
+          .addRepeatedField(extensionLite.descriptor, extensionLite.singularToFieldSetType(value));
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /** Clear an extension. */
+    public final BuilderType clearExtension(final ExtensionLite<MessageType, ?> extension) {
+      GeneratedExtension<MessageType, ?> extensionLite = checkIsLite(extension);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extensionLite);
+      copyOnWrite();
+      ensureExtensionsAreMutable().clearField(extensionLite.descriptor);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /** For use by generated code only. */
+  public static <ContainingType extends MessageLite, Type>
+      GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type> newSingularGeneratedExtension(
+          final ContainingType containingTypeDefaultInstance,
+          final Type defaultValue,
+          final MessageLite messageDefaultInstance,
+          final Internal.EnumLiteMap<?> enumTypeMap,
+          final int number,
+          final WireFormat.FieldType type,
+          final Class singularType) {
+    return new GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>(
+        containingTypeDefaultInstance,
+        defaultValue,
+        messageDefaultInstance,
+        new ExtensionDescriptor(
+            enumTypeMap, number, type, /* isRepeated= */ false, /* isPacked= */ false),
+        singularType);
+  }
+
+  /** For use by generated code only. */
+  public static <ContainingType extends MessageLite, Type>
+      GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type> newRepeatedGeneratedExtension(
+          final ContainingType containingTypeDefaultInstance,
+          final MessageLite messageDefaultInstance,
+          final Internal.EnumLiteMap<?> enumTypeMap,
+          final int number,
+          final WireFormat.FieldType type,
+          final boolean isPacked,
+          final Class singularType) {
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Subclasses ensure Type is a List
+    Type emptyList = (Type) Collections.emptyList();
+    return new GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>(
+        containingTypeDefaultInstance,
+        emptyList,
+        messageDefaultInstance,
+        new ExtensionDescriptor(enumTypeMap, number, type, /* isRepeated= */ true, isPacked),
+        singularType);
+  }
+
+  static final class ExtensionDescriptor
+      implements FieldSet.FieldDescriptorLite<ExtensionDescriptor> {
+    ExtensionDescriptor(
+        final Internal.EnumLiteMap<?> enumTypeMap,
+        final int number,
+        final WireFormat.FieldType type,
+        final boolean isRepeated,
+        final boolean isPacked) {
+      this.enumTypeMap = enumTypeMap;
+      this.number = number;
+      this.type = type;
+      this.isRepeated = isRepeated;
+      this.isPacked = isPacked;
+    }
+
+    final Internal.EnumLiteMap<?> enumTypeMap;
+    final int number;
+    final WireFormat.FieldType type;
+    final boolean isRepeated;
+    final boolean isPacked;
+
+    @Override
+    public int getNumber() {
+      return number;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public WireFormat.FieldType getLiteType() {
+      return type;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public WireFormat.JavaType getLiteJavaType() {
+      return type.getJavaType();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isRepeated() {
+      return isRepeated;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isPacked() {
+      return isPacked;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Internal.EnumLiteMap<?> getEnumType() {
+      return enumTypeMap;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public MessageLite.Builder internalMergeFrom(MessageLite.Builder to, MessageLite from) {
+      return ((Builder) to).mergeFrom((GeneratedMessageLite) from);
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public int compareTo(ExtensionDescriptor other) {
+      return number - other.number;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** Calls Class.getMethod and throws a RuntimeException if it fails. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  static Method getMethodOrDie(Class clazz, String name, Class... params) {
+    try {
+      return clazz.getMethod(name, params);
+    } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          "Generated message class \"" + clazz.getName() + "\" missing method \"" + name + "\".",
+          e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Calls invoke and throws a RuntimeException if it fails. */
+  static Object invokeOrDie(Method method, Object object, Object... params) {
+    try {
+      return method.invoke(object, params);
+    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          "Couldn't use Java reflection to implement protocol message reflection.", e);
+    } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+      final Throwable cause = e.getCause();
+      if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
+        throw (RuntimeException) cause;
+      } else if (cause instanceof Error) {
+        throw (Error) cause;
+      } else {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+            "Unexpected exception thrown by generated accessor method.", cause);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Lite equivalent to {@link GeneratedMessage.GeneratedExtension}.
+   *
+   * <p>Users should ignore the contents of this class and only use objects of this type as
+   * parameters to extension accessors and ExtensionRegistry.add().
+   */
+  public static class GeneratedExtension<ContainingType extends MessageLite, Type>
+      extends ExtensionLite<ContainingType, Type> {
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new instance with the given parameters.
+     *
+     * <p>The last parameter {@code singularType} is only needed for enum types. We store integer
+     * values for enum types in a {@link ExtendableMessage} and use Java reflection to convert an
+     * integer value back into a concrete enum object.
+     */
+    GeneratedExtension(
+        final ContainingType containingTypeDefaultInstance,
+        final Type defaultValue,
+        final MessageLite messageDefaultInstance,
+        final ExtensionDescriptor descriptor,
+        final Class singularType) {
+      // Defensive checks to verify the correct initialization order of
+      // GeneratedExtensions and their related GeneratedMessages.
+      if (containingTypeDefaultInstance == null) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null containingTypeDefaultInstance");
+      }
+      if (descriptor.getLiteType() == WireFormat.FieldType.MESSAGE
+          && messageDefaultInstance == null) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null messageDefaultInstance");
+      }
+      this.containingTypeDefaultInstance = containingTypeDefaultInstance;
+      this.defaultValue = defaultValue;
+      this.messageDefaultInstance = messageDefaultInstance;
+      this.descriptor = descriptor;
+    }
+
+    final ContainingType containingTypeDefaultInstance;
+    final Type defaultValue;
+    final MessageLite messageDefaultInstance;
+    final ExtensionDescriptor descriptor;
+
+    /** Default instance of the type being extended, used to identify that type. */
+    public ContainingType getContainingTypeDefaultInstance() {
+      return containingTypeDefaultInstance;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the field number. */
+    @Override
+    public int getNumber() {
+      return descriptor.getNumber();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the extension is an embedded message or group, returns the default instance of the
+     * message.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public MessageLite getMessageDefaultInstance() {
+      return messageDefaultInstance;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    Object fromFieldSetType(final Object value) {
+      if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        if (descriptor.getLiteJavaType() == WireFormat.JavaType.ENUM) {
+          final List result = new ArrayList<>();
+          for (final Object element : (List) value) {
+            result.add(singularFromFieldSetType(element));
+          }
+          return result;
+        } else {
+          return value;
+        }
+      } else {
+        return singularFromFieldSetType(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    Object singularFromFieldSetType(final Object value) {
+      if (descriptor.getLiteJavaType() == WireFormat.JavaType.ENUM) {
+        return descriptor.enumTypeMap.findValueByNumber((Integer) value);
+      } else {
+        return value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    Object toFieldSetType(final Object value) {
+      if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        if (descriptor.getLiteJavaType() == WireFormat.JavaType.ENUM) {
+          final List result = new ArrayList<>();
+          for (final Object element : (List) value) {
+            result.add(singularToFieldSetType(element));
+          }
+          return result;
+        } else {
+          return value;
+        }
+      } else {
+        return singularToFieldSetType(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    Object singularToFieldSetType(final Object value) {
+      if (descriptor.getLiteJavaType() == WireFormat.JavaType.ENUM) {
+        return ((Internal.EnumLite) value).getNumber();
+      } else {
+        return value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public FieldType getLiteType() {
+      return descriptor.getLiteType();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isRepeated() {
+      return descriptor.isRepeated;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Type getDefaultValue() {
+      return defaultValue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A serialized (serializable) form of the generated message. Stores the message as a class name
+   * and a byte array.
+   */
+  protected static final class SerializedForm implements Serializable {
+
+    public static SerializedForm of(MessageLite message) {
+      return new SerializedForm(message);
+    }
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+
+    // since v3.6.1
+    private final Class<?> messageClass;
+    // only included for backwards compatibility before messageClass was added
+    private final String messageClassName;
+    private final byte[] asBytes;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the serialized form by calling {@link com.google.protobuf.MessageLite#toByteArray}.
+     *
+     * @param regularForm the message to serialize
+     */
+    SerializedForm(MessageLite regularForm) {
+      messageClass = regularForm.getClass();
+      messageClassName = messageClass.getName();
+      asBytes = regularForm.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When read from an ObjectInputStream, this method converts this object back to the regular
+     * form. Part of Java's serialization magic.
+     *
+     * @return a GeneratedMessage of the type that was serialized
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    protected Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException {
+      try {
+        Class<?> messageClass = resolveMessageClass();
+        java.lang.reflect.Field defaultInstanceField =
+            messageClass.getDeclaredField("DEFAULT_INSTANCE");
+        defaultInstanceField.setAccessible(true);
+        MessageLite defaultInstance = (MessageLite) defaultInstanceField.get(null);
+        return defaultInstance.newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(asBytes).buildPartial();
+      } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unable to find proto buffer class: " + messageClassName, e);
+      } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
+        return readResolveFallback();
+      } catch (SecurityException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unable to call DEFAULT_INSTANCE in " + messageClassName, e);
+      } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unable to call parsePartialFrom", e);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unable to understand proto buffer", e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated from v3.0.0-beta-3+, for compatibility with v2.5.0 and v2.6.1 generated code.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    private Object readResolveFallback() throws ObjectStreamException {
+      try {
+        Class<?> messageClass = resolveMessageClass();
+        java.lang.reflect.Field defaultInstanceField =
+            messageClass.getDeclaredField("defaultInstance");
+        defaultInstanceField.setAccessible(true);
+        MessageLite defaultInstance = (MessageLite) defaultInstanceField.get(null);
+        return defaultInstance.newBuilderForType()
+            .mergeFrom(asBytes)
+            .buildPartial();
+      } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unable to find proto buffer class: " + messageClassName, e);
+      } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unable to find defaultInstance in " + messageClassName, e);
+      } catch (SecurityException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unable to call defaultInstance in " + messageClassName, e);
+      } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unable to call parsePartialFrom", e);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Unable to understand proto buffer", e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private Class<?> resolveMessageClass() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+      return messageClass != null ? messageClass : Class.forName(messageClassName);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Checks that the {@link Extension} is Lite and returns it as a {@link GeneratedExtension}. */
+  private static <
+          MessageType extends ExtendableMessage<MessageType, BuilderType>,
+          BuilderType extends ExtendableBuilder<MessageType, BuilderType>,
+          T>
+      GeneratedExtension<MessageType, T> checkIsLite(ExtensionLite<MessageType, T> extension) {
+    if (!extension.isLite()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected a lite extension.");
+    }
+
+    return (GeneratedExtension<MessageType, T>) extension;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A static helper method for checking if a message is initialized, optionally memoizing.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   */
+  protected static final <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> boolean isInitialized(
+      T message, boolean shouldMemoize) {
+    byte memoizedIsInitialized =
+        (Byte) message.dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke.GET_MEMOIZED_IS_INITIALIZED);
+    if (memoizedIsInitialized == 1) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (memoizedIsInitialized == 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    boolean isInitialized = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(message).isInitialized(message);
+    if (shouldMemoize) {
+      message.dynamicMethod(
+          MethodToInvoke.SET_MEMOIZED_IS_INITIALIZED, isInitialized ? message : null);
+    }
+    return isInitialized;
+  }
+
+  protected static IntList emptyIntList() {
+    return IntArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  protected static IntList mutableCopy(IntList list) {
+    int size = list.size();
+    return list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+        size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+  }
+
+  protected static LongList emptyLongList() {
+    return LongArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  protected static LongList mutableCopy(LongList list) {
+    int size = list.size();
+    return list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+        size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+  }
+
+  protected static FloatList emptyFloatList() {
+    return FloatArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  protected static FloatList mutableCopy(FloatList list) {
+    int size = list.size();
+    return list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+        size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+  }
+
+  protected static DoubleList emptyDoubleList() {
+    return DoubleArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  protected static DoubleList mutableCopy(DoubleList list) {
+    int size = list.size();
+    return list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+        size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+  }
+
+  protected static BooleanList emptyBooleanList() {
+    return BooleanArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  protected static BooleanList mutableCopy(BooleanList list) {
+    int size = list.size();
+    return list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+        size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+  }
+
+  protected static <E> ProtobufList<E> emptyProtobufList() {
+    return ProtobufArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  protected static <E> ProtobufList<E> mutableCopy(ProtobufList<E> list) {
+    int size = list.size();
+    return list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+        size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A {@link Parser} implementation that delegates to the default instance.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   */
+  protected static class DefaultInstanceBasedParser<T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>>
+      extends AbstractParser<T> {
+
+    private final T defaultInstance;
+
+    public DefaultInstanceBasedParser(T defaultInstance) {
+      this.defaultInstance = defaultInstance;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T parsePartialFrom(CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return GeneratedMessageLite.parsePartialFrom(defaultInstance, input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T parsePartialFrom(
+        byte[] input, int offset, int length, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return GeneratedMessageLite.parsePartialFrom(
+          defaultInstance, input, offset, length, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A static helper method for parsing a partial from input using the extension registry and the
+   * instance.
+   */
+  // TODO(dweis): Should this verify that the last tag was 0?
+  static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parsePartialFrom(
+      T instance, CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Guaranteed by protoc
+    T result = (T) instance.dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke.NEW_MUTABLE_INSTANCE);
+    try {
+      // TODO(yilunchong): Try to make input with type CodedInpuStream.ArrayDecoder use
+      // fast path.
+      Schema<T> schema = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(result);
+      schema.mergeFrom(result, CodedInputStreamReader.forCodedInput(input), extensionRegistry);
+      schema.makeImmutable(result);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      if (e.getCause() instanceof InvalidProtocolBufferException) {
+        throw (InvalidProtocolBufferException) e.getCause();
+      }
+      throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(e.getMessage()).setUnfinishedMessage(result);
+    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+      if (e.getCause() instanceof InvalidProtocolBufferException) {
+        throw (InvalidProtocolBufferException) e.getCause();
+      }
+      throw e;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /** A static helper method for parsing a partial from byte array. */
+  static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parsePartialFrom(
+      T instance, byte[] input, int offset, int length, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Guaranteed by protoc
+    T result = (T) instance.dynamicMethod(MethodToInvoke.NEW_MUTABLE_INSTANCE);
+    try {
+      Schema<T> schema = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(result);
+      schema.mergeFrom(
+          result, input, offset, offset + length, new ArrayDecoders.Registers(extensionRegistry));
+      schema.makeImmutable(result);
+      if (result.memoizedHashCode != 0) {
+        throw new RuntimeException();
+      }
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      if (e.getCause() instanceof InvalidProtocolBufferException) {
+        throw (InvalidProtocolBufferException) e.getCause();
+      }
+      throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(e.getMessage()).setUnfinishedMessage(result);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage().setUnfinishedMessage(result);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  protected static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parsePartialFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, CodedInputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialFrom(defaultInstance, input, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper method to check if message is initialized.
+   *
+   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException if it is not initialized.
+   * @return The message to check.
+   */
+  private static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T checkMessageInitialized(T message)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    if (message != null && !message.isInitialized()) {
+      throw message
+          .newUninitializedMessageException()
+          .asInvalidProtocolBufferException()
+          .setUnfinishedMessage(message);
+    }
+    return message;
+  }
+
+  // Validates last tag.
+  protected static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parseFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, ByteBuffer data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(
+        parseFrom(defaultInstance, CodedInputStream.newInstance(data), extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  // Validates last tag.
+  protected static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parseFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, ByteBuffer data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(defaultInstance, data, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+  }
+
+  // Validates last tag.
+  protected static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parseFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, ByteString data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(
+        parseFrom(defaultInstance, data, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry()));
+  }
+
+  // Validates last tag.
+  protected static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parseFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, ByteString data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(parsePartialFrom(defaultInstance, data, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  // This is a special case since we want to verify that the last tag is 0. We assume we exhaust the
+  // ByteString.
+  private static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parsePartialFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, ByteString data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    T message;
+    try {
+      CodedInputStream input = data.newCodedInput();
+      message = parsePartialFrom(defaultInstance, input, extensionRegistry);
+      try {
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(message);
+      }
+      return message;
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // This is a special case since we want to verify that the last tag is 0. We assume we exhaust the
+  // ByteString.
+  private static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parsePartialFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, byte[] data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(
+        parsePartialFrom(defaultInstance, data, 0, data.length, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  // Validates last tag.
+  protected static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parseFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, byte[] data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(parsePartialFrom(
+        defaultInstance, data, 0, data.length, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry()));
+  }
+
+  // Validates last tag.
+  protected static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parseFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, byte[] data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(
+        parsePartialFrom(defaultInstance, data, 0, data.length, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  // Does not validate last tag.
+  protected static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parseFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, InputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(
+        parsePartialFrom(
+            defaultInstance,
+            CodedInputStream.newInstance(input),
+            ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry()));
+  }
+
+  // Does not validate last tag.
+  protected static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parseFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(
+        parsePartialFrom(defaultInstance, CodedInputStream.newInstance(input), extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  // Does not validate last tag.
+  protected static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parseFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, CodedInputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(defaultInstance, input, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+  }
+
+  // Does not validate last tag.
+  protected static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parseFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(parsePartialFrom(defaultInstance, input, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  // Validates last tag.
+  protected static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parseDelimitedFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, InputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(
+        parsePartialDelimitedFrom(
+            defaultInstance, input, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry()));
+  }
+
+  // Validates last tag.
+  protected static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parseDelimitedFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(
+        parsePartialDelimitedFrom(defaultInstance, input, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  private static <T extends GeneratedMessageLite<T, ?>> T parsePartialDelimitedFrom(
+      T defaultInstance, InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    int size;
+    try {
+      int firstByte = input.read();
+      if (firstByte == -1) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      size = CodedInputStream.readRawVarint32(firstByte, input);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(e.getMessage());
+    }
+    InputStream limitedInput = new LimitedInputStream(input, size);
+    CodedInputStream codedInput = CodedInputStream.newInstance(limitedInput);
+    T message = parsePartialFrom(defaultInstance, codedInput, extensionRegistry);
+    try {
+      codedInput.checkLastTagWas(0);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(message);
+    }
+    return message;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageV3.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageV3.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f7b38717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageV3.java
@@ -0,0 +1,3206 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.BooleanList;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.DoubleList;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.FloatList;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.IntList;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.LongList;
+// In opensource protobuf, we have versioned this GeneratedMessageV3 class to GeneratedMessageV3V3 and
+// in the future may have GeneratedMessageV3V4 etc. This allows us to change some aspects of this
+// class without breaking binary compatibility with old generated code that still subclasses
+// the old GeneratedMessageV3 class. To allow these different GeneratedMessageV3V? classes to
+// interoperate (e.g., a GeneratedMessageV3V3 object has a message extension field whose class
+// type is GeneratedMessageV3V4), these classes still share a common parent class AbstractMessage
+// and are using the same GeneratedMessage.GeneratedExtension class for extension definitions.
+// Since this class becomes GeneratedMessageV3V? in opensource, we have to add an import here
+// to be able to use GeneratedMessage.GeneratedExtension. The GeneratedExtension definition in
+// this file is also excluded from opensource to avoid conflict.
+import com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.GeneratedExtension;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+
+/**
+ * All generated protocol message classes extend this class.  This class
+ * implements most of the Message and Builder interfaces using Java reflection.
+ * Users can ignore this class and pretend that generated messages implement
+ * the Message interface directly.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public abstract class GeneratedMessageV3 extends AbstractMessage
+    implements Serializable {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  /**
+   * For testing. Allows a test to disable the optimization that avoids using field builders for
+   * nested messages until they are requested. By disabling this optimization, existing tests can be
+   * reused to test the field builders.
+   */
+  protected static boolean alwaysUseFieldBuilders = false;
+
+  /** For use by generated code only.  */
+  protected UnknownFieldSet unknownFields;
+
+  protected GeneratedMessageV3() {
+    unknownFields = UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance();
+  }
+
+  protected GeneratedMessageV3(Builder<?> builder) {
+    unknownFields = builder.getUnknownFields();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Parser<? extends GeneratedMessageV3> getParserForType() {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+        "This is supposed to be overridden by subclasses.");
+  }
+
+ /**
+  * @see #setAlwaysUseFieldBuildersForTesting(boolean)
+  */
+  static void enableAlwaysUseFieldBuildersForTesting() {
+    setAlwaysUseFieldBuildersForTesting(true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * For testing. Allows a test to disable/re-enable the optimization that avoids
+   * using field builders for nested messages until they are requested. By disabling
+   * this optimization, existing tests can be reused to test the field builders.
+   * See {@link RepeatedFieldBuilder} and {@link SingleFieldBuilder}.
+   */
+  static void setAlwaysUseFieldBuildersForTesting(boolean useBuilders) {
+    alwaysUseFieldBuilders = useBuilders;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the FieldAccessorTable for this type.  We can't have the message
+   * class pass this in to the constructor because of bootstrapping trouble
+   * with DescriptorProtos.
+   */
+  protected abstract FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable();
+
+  @Override
+  public Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().descriptor;
+  }
+
+  protected void mergeFromAndMakeImmutableInternal(
+      CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    Schema<GeneratedMessageV3> schema =
+        (Schema<GeneratedMessageV3>) Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(this);
+    try {
+      schema.mergeFrom(this, CodedInputStreamReader.forCodedInput(input), extensionRegistry);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    }
+    schema.makeImmutable(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Internal helper to return a modifiable map containing all the fields.
+   * The returned Map is modifiable so that the caller can add additional
+   * extension fields to implement {@link #getAllFields()}.
+   *
+   * @param getBytesForString whether to generate ByteString for string fields
+   */
+  private Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFieldsMutable(
+      boolean getBytesForString) {
+    final TreeMap<FieldDescriptor, Object> result =
+      new TreeMap<FieldDescriptor, Object>();
+    final Descriptor descriptor = internalGetFieldAccessorTable().descriptor;
+    final List<FieldDescriptor> fields = descriptor.getFields();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+      FieldDescriptor field = fields.get(i);
+      final OneofDescriptor oneofDescriptor = field.getContainingOneof();
+
+      /*
+       * If the field is part of a Oneof, then at maximum one field in the Oneof is set
+       * and it is not repeated. There is no need to iterate through the others.
+       */
+      if (oneofDescriptor != null) {
+        // Skip other fields in the Oneof we know are not set
+        i += oneofDescriptor.getFieldCount() - 1;
+        if (!hasOneof(oneofDescriptor)) {
+          // If no field is set in the Oneof, skip all the fields in the Oneof
+          continue;
+        }
+        // Get the pointer to the only field which is set in the Oneof
+        field = getOneofFieldDescriptor(oneofDescriptor);
+      } else {
+        // If we are not in a Oneof, we need to check if the field is set and if it is repeated
+        if (field.isRepeated()) {
+          final List<?> value = (List<?>) getField(field);
+          if (!value.isEmpty()) {
+            result.put(field, value);
+          }
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (!hasField(field)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      // Add the field to the map
+      if (getBytesForString && field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.STRING) {
+        result.put(field, getFieldRaw(field));
+      } else {
+        result.put(field, getField(field));
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isInitialized() {
+    for (final FieldDescriptor field : getDescriptorForType().getFields()) {
+      // Check that all required fields are present.
+      if (field.isRequired()) {
+        if (!hasField(field)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      // Check that embedded messages are initialized.
+      if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        if (field.isRepeated()) {
+          @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") final
+          List<Message> messageList = (List<Message>) getField(field);
+          for (final Message element : messageList) {
+            if (!element.isInitialized()) {
+              return false;
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (hasField(field) && !((Message) getField(field)).isInitialized()) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(
+        getAllFieldsMutable(/* getBytesForString = */ false));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a collection of all the fields in this message which are set
+   * and their corresponding values.  A singular ("required" or "optional")
+   * field is set iff hasField() returns true for that field.  A "repeated"
+   * field is set iff getRepeatedFieldCount() is greater than zero.  The
+   * values are exactly what would be returned by calling
+   * {@link #getFieldRaw(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)} for each field.  The map
+   * is guaranteed to be a sorted map, so iterating over it will return fields
+   * in order by field number.
+   */
+  Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFieldsRaw() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(
+        getAllFieldsMutable(/* getBytesForString = */ true));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean hasOneof(final OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getOneof(oneof).has(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public FieldDescriptor getOneofFieldDescriptor(final OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getOneof(oneof).get(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean hasField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).has(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object getField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).get(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Obtains the value of the given field, or the default value if it is
+   * not set.  For primitive fields, the boxed primitive value is returned.
+   * For enum fields, the EnumValueDescriptor for the value is returned. For
+   * embedded message fields, the sub-message is returned.  For repeated
+   * fields, a java.util.List is returned. For present string fields, a
+   * ByteString is returned representing the bytes that the field contains.
+   */
+  Object getFieldRaw(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).getRaw(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getRepeatedFieldCount(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field)
+      .getRepeatedCount(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object getRepeatedField(final FieldDescriptor field, final int index) {
+    return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field)
+      .getRepeated(this, index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+        "This is supposed to be overridden by subclasses.");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Called by subclasses to parse an unknown field.
+   *
+   * @return {@code true} unless the tag is an end-group tag.
+   */
+  protected boolean parseUnknownField(
+      CodedInputStream input,
+      UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      int tag)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (input.shouldDiscardUnknownFields()) {
+      return input.skipField(tag);
+    }
+    return unknownFields.mergeFieldFrom(tag, input);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Delegates to parseUnknownField. This method is obsolete, but we must retain it for
+   * compatibility with older generated code.
+   */
+  protected boolean parseUnknownFieldProto3(
+      CodedInputStream input,
+      UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      int tag)
+      throws IOException {
+    return parseUnknownField(input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag);
+  }
+
+  protected static <M extends Message> M parseWithIOException(Parser<M> parser, InputStream input)
+      throws IOException {
+    try {
+      return parser.parseFrom(input);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.unwrapIOException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <M extends Message> M parseWithIOException(Parser<M> parser, InputStream input,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensions) throws IOException {
+    try {
+      return parser.parseFrom(input, extensions);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.unwrapIOException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <M extends Message> M parseWithIOException(Parser<M> parser,
+      CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+    try {
+      return parser.parseFrom(input);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.unwrapIOException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <M extends Message> M parseWithIOException(Parser<M> parser,
+      CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensions) throws IOException {
+    try {
+      return parser.parseFrom(input, extensions);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.unwrapIOException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <M extends Message> M parseDelimitedWithIOException(Parser<M> parser,
+      InputStream input) throws IOException {
+    try {
+      return parser.parseDelimitedFrom(input);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.unwrapIOException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <M extends Message> M parseDelimitedWithIOException(Parser<M> parser,
+      InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensions) throws IOException {
+    try {
+      return parser.parseDelimitedFrom(input, extensions);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.unwrapIOException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static boolean canUseUnsafe() {
+    return UnsafeUtil.hasUnsafeArrayOperations() && UnsafeUtil.hasUnsafeByteBufferOperations();
+  }
+
+  protected static IntList emptyIntList() {
+    return IntArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  protected static IntList newIntList() {
+    return new IntArrayList();
+  }
+
+  protected static IntList mutableCopy(IntList list) {
+    int size = list.size();
+    return list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+        size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+  }
+
+  protected static LongList emptyLongList() {
+    return LongArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  protected static LongList newLongList() {
+    return new LongArrayList();
+  }
+
+  protected static LongList mutableCopy(LongList list) {
+    int size = list.size();
+    return list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+        size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+  }
+
+  protected static FloatList emptyFloatList() {
+    return FloatArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  protected static FloatList newFloatList() {
+    return new FloatArrayList();
+  }
+
+  protected static FloatList mutableCopy(FloatList list) {
+    int size = list.size();
+    return list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+        size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+  }
+
+  protected static DoubleList emptyDoubleList() {
+    return DoubleArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  protected static DoubleList newDoubleList() {
+    return new DoubleArrayList();
+  }
+
+  protected static DoubleList mutableCopy(DoubleList list) {
+    int size = list.size();
+    return list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+        size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+  }
+
+  protected static BooleanList emptyBooleanList() {
+    return BooleanArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  protected static BooleanList newBooleanList() {
+    return new BooleanArrayList();
+  }
+
+  protected static BooleanList mutableCopy(BooleanList list) {
+    int size = list.size();
+    return list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+        size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+  }
+
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeTo(final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    MessageReflection.writeMessageTo(this, getAllFieldsRaw(), output, false);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    int size = memoizedSize;
+    if (size != -1) {
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    memoizedSize = MessageReflection.getSerializedSize(
+        this, getAllFieldsRaw());
+    return memoizedSize;
+  }
+
+
+
+  /**
+   * This class is used to make a generated protected method inaccessible from user's code (e.g.,
+   * the {@link #newInstance} method below). When this class is used as a parameter's type in a
+   * generated protected method, the method is visible to user's code in the same package, but
+   * since the constructor of this class is private to protobuf runtime, user's code can't obtain
+   * an instance of this class and as such can't actually make a method call on the protected
+   * method.
+   */
+  protected static final class UnusedPrivateParameter {
+    static final UnusedPrivateParameter INSTANCE = new UnusedPrivateParameter();
+
+    private UnusedPrivateParameter() {
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of this message type. Overridden in the generated code.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
+  protected Object newInstance(UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This method must be overridden by the subclass.");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by parsing constructors in generated classes.
+   */
+  protected void makeExtensionsImmutable() {
+    // Noop for messages without extensions.
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * TODO(xiaofeng): remove this after b/29368482 is fixed. We need to move this
+   * interface to AbstractMessage in order to versioning GeneratedMessageV3 but
+   * this move breaks binary compatibility for AppEngine. After AppEngine is
+   * fixed we can exlude this from google3.
+   */
+  protected interface BuilderParent extends AbstractMessage.BuilderParent {}
+
+  /**
+   * TODO(xiaofeng): remove this together with GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent.
+   */
+  protected abstract Message.Builder newBuilderForType(BuilderParent parent);
+
+  @Override
+  protected Message.Builder newBuilderForType(final AbstractMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+    return newBuilderForType(new BuilderParent() {
+      @Override
+      public void markDirty() {
+        parent.markDirty();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public abstract static class Builder <BuilderType extends Builder<BuilderType>>
+      extends AbstractMessage.Builder<BuilderType> {
+
+    private BuilderParent builderParent;
+
+    private BuilderParentImpl meAsParent;
+
+    // Indicates that we've built a message and so we are now obligated
+    // to dispatch dirty invalidations. See GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderListener.
+    private boolean isClean;
+
+    private UnknownFieldSet unknownFields =
+        UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance();
+
+    protected Builder() {
+      this(null);
+    }
+
+    protected Builder(BuilderParent builderParent) {
+      this.builderParent = builderParent;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void dispose() {
+      builderParent = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by the subclass when a message is built.
+     */
+    protected void onBuilt() {
+      if (builderParent != null) {
+        markClean();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by the subclass or a builder to notify us that a message was
+     * built and may be cached and therefore invalidations are needed.
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected void markClean() {
+      this.isClean = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets whether invalidations are needed
+     *
+     * @return whether invalidations are needed
+     */
+    protected boolean isClean() {
+      return isClean;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clone() {
+      BuilderType builder =
+          (BuilderType) getDefaultInstanceForType().newBuilderForType();
+      builder.mergeFrom(buildPartial());
+      return builder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by the initialization and clear code paths to allow subclasses to
+     * reset any of their builtin fields back to the initial values.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clear() {
+      unknownFields = UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance();
+      onChanged();
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the FieldAccessorTable for this type.  We can't have the message
+     * class pass this in to the constructor because of bootstrapping trouble
+     * with DescriptorProtos.
+     */
+    protected abstract FieldAccessorTable internalGetFieldAccessorTable();
+
+    @Override
+    public Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().descriptor;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(getAllFieldsMutable());
+    }
+
+    /** Internal helper which returns a mutable map. */
+    private Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFieldsMutable() {
+      final TreeMap<FieldDescriptor, Object> result =
+        new TreeMap<FieldDescriptor, Object>();
+      final Descriptor descriptor = internalGetFieldAccessorTable().descriptor;
+      final List<FieldDescriptor> fields = descriptor.getFields();
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+        FieldDescriptor field = fields.get(i);
+        final OneofDescriptor oneofDescriptor = field.getContainingOneof();
+
+        /*
+         * If the field is part of a Oneof, then at maximum one field in the Oneof is set
+         * and it is not repeated. There is no need to iterate through the others.
+         */
+        if (oneofDescriptor != null) {
+          // Skip other fields in the Oneof we know are not set
+          i += oneofDescriptor.getFieldCount() - 1;
+          if (!hasOneof(oneofDescriptor)) {
+            // If no field is set in the Oneof, skip all the fields in the Oneof
+            continue;
+          }
+          // Get the pointer to the only field which is set in the Oneof
+          field = getOneofFieldDescriptor(oneofDescriptor);
+        } else {
+          // If we are not in a Oneof, we need to check if the field is set and if it is repeated
+          if (field.isRepeated()) {
+            final List<?> value = (List<?>) getField(field);
+            if (!value.isEmpty()) {
+              result.put(field, value);
+            }
+            continue;
+          }
+          if (!hasField(field)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+        // Add the field to the map
+        result.put(field, getField(field));
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message.Builder newBuilderForField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).newBuilder();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message.Builder getFieldBuilder(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).getBuilder(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message.Builder getRepeatedFieldBuilder(final FieldDescriptor field, int index) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).getRepeatedBuilder(
+          this, index);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasOneof(final OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getOneof(oneof).has(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public FieldDescriptor getOneofFieldDescriptor(final OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getOneof(oneof).get(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).has(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      Object object = internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).get(this);
+      if (field.isRepeated()) {
+        // The underlying list object is still modifiable at this point.
+        // Make sure not to expose the modifiable list to the caller.
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList((List) object);
+      } else {
+        return object;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType setField(final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value) {
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).set(this, value);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clearField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).clear(this);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clearOneof(final OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getOneof(oneof).clear(this);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getRepeatedFieldCount(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field)
+          .getRepeatedCount(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getRepeatedField(final FieldDescriptor field, final int index) {
+      return internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field)
+          .getRepeated(this, index);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType setRepeatedField(
+        final FieldDescriptor field, final int index, final Object value) {
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field)
+        .setRepeated(this, index, value);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType addRepeatedField(final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value) {
+      internalGetFieldAccessorTable().getField(field).addRepeated(this, value);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    private BuilderType setUnknownFieldsInternal(final UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      this.unknownFields = unknownFields;
+      onChanged();
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType setUnknownFields(final UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return setUnknownFieldsInternal(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is obsolete, but we must retain it for compatibility with
+     * older generated code.
+     */
+    protected BuilderType setUnknownFieldsProto3(final UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return setUnknownFieldsInternal(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeUnknownFields(
+        final UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      return setUnknownFields(
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder(this.unknownFields)
+                       .mergeFrom(unknownFields)
+                       .build());
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isInitialized() {
+      for (final FieldDescriptor field : getDescriptorForType().getFields()) {
+        // Check that all required fields are present.
+        if (field.isRequired()) {
+          if (!hasField(field)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        // Check that embedded messages are initialized.
+        if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          if (field.isRepeated()) {
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") final
+            List<Message> messageList = (List<Message>) getField(field);
+            for (final Message element : messageList) {
+              if (!element.isInitialized()) {
+                return false;
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (hasField(field) &&
+                !((Message) getField(field)).isInitialized()) {
+              return false;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
+      return unknownFields;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implementation of {@link BuilderParent} for giving to our children. This
+     * small inner class makes it so we don't publicly expose the BuilderParent
+     * methods.
+     */
+    private class BuilderParentImpl implements BuilderParent {
+
+      @Override
+      public void markDirty() {
+        onChanged();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the {@link BuilderParent} for giving to our children.
+     * @return The builder parent for our children.
+     */
+    protected BuilderParent getParentForChildren() {
+      if (meAsParent == null) {
+        meAsParent = new BuilderParentImpl();
+      }
+      return meAsParent;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when a the builder or one of its nested children has changed
+     * and any parent should be notified of its invalidation.
+     */
+    protected final void onChanged() {
+      if (isClean && builderParent != null) {
+        builderParent.markDirty();
+
+        // Don't keep dispatching invalidations until build is called again.
+        isClean = false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the map field with the given field number. This method should be
+     * overridden in the generated message class if the message contains map
+     * fields.
+     *
+     * Unlike other field types, reflection support for map fields can't be
+     * implemented based on generated public API because we need to access a
+     * map field as a list in reflection API but the generated API only allows
+     * us to access it as a map. This method returns the underlying map field
+     * directly and thus enables us to access the map field as a list.
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings({"unused", "rawtypes"})
+    protected MapField internalGetMapField(int fieldNumber) {
+      // Note that we can't use descriptor names here because this method will
+      // be called when descriptor is being initialized.
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          "No map fields found in " + getClass().getName());
+    }
+
+    /** Like {@link #internalGetMapField} but return a mutable version. */
+    @SuppressWarnings({"unused", "rawtypes"})
+    protected MapField internalGetMutableMapField(int fieldNumber) {
+      // Note that we can't use descriptor names here because this method will
+      // be called when descriptor is being initialized.
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          "No map fields found in " + getClass().getName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Extensions-related stuff
+
+  public interface ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<
+      MessageType extends ExtendableMessage> extends MessageOrBuilder {
+    // Re-define for return type covariance.
+    @Override
+    Message getDefaultInstanceForType();
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    <Type> boolean hasExtension(
+        ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extension);
+
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extension);
+
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    <Type> Type getExtension(
+        ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extension);
+
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    <Type> Type getExtension(
+        ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extension,
+        int index);
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    <Type> boolean hasExtension(
+        Extension<MessageType, Type> extension);
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    <Type> boolean hasExtension(
+        GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extension);
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension);
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension);
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    <Type> Type getExtension(
+        Extension<MessageType, Type> extension);
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    <Type> Type getExtension(
+        GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extension);
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    <Type> Type getExtension(
+        Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension,
+        int index);
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    <Type> Type getExtension(
+        GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension,
+        int index);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generated message classes for message types that contain extension ranges
+   * subclass this.
+   *
+   * <p>This class implements type-safe accessors for extensions.  They
+   * implement all the same operations that you can do with normal fields --
+   * e.g. "has", "get", and "getCount" -- but for extensions.  The extensions
+   * are identified using instances of the class {@link GeneratedExtension};
+   * the protocol compiler generates a static instance of this class for every
+   * extension in its input.  Through the magic of generics, all is made
+   * type-safe.
+   *
+   * <p>For example, imagine you have the {@code .proto} file:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * option java_class = "MyProto";
+   *
+   * message Foo {
+   *   extensions 1000 to max;
+   * }
+   *
+   * extend Foo {
+   *   optional int32 bar;
+   * }
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * <p>Then you might write code like:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * MyProto.Foo foo = getFoo();
+   * int i = foo.getExtension(MyProto.bar);
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * <p>See also {@link ExtendableBuilder}.
+   */
+  public abstract static class ExtendableMessage<
+        MessageType extends ExtendableMessage>
+      extends GeneratedMessageV3
+      implements ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<MessageType> {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    private final FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> extensions;
+
+    protected ExtendableMessage() {
+      this.extensions = FieldSet.newFieldSet();
+    }
+
+    protected ExtendableMessage(
+        ExtendableBuilder<MessageType, ?> builder) {
+      super(builder);
+      this.extensions = builder.buildExtensions();
+    }
+
+    private void verifyExtensionContainingType(
+        final Extension<MessageType, ?> extension) {
+      if (extension.getDescriptor().getContainingType() !=
+          getDescriptorForType()) {
+        // This can only happen if someone uses unchecked operations.
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Extension is for type \"" +
+          extension.getDescriptor().getContainingType().getFullName() +
+          "\" which does not match message type \"" +
+          getDescriptorForType().getFullName() + "\".");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public final <Type> boolean hasExtension(final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extensionLite) {
+      Extension<MessageType, Type> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      return extensions.hasField(extension.getDescriptor());
+    }
+
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public final <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite) {
+      Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      final FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      return extensions.getRepeatedFieldCount(descriptor);
+    }
+
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extensionLite) {
+      Extension<MessageType, Type> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      final Object value = extensions.getField(descriptor);
+      if (value == null) {
+        if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+          return (Type) Collections.emptyList();
+        } else if (descriptor.getJavaType() ==
+                   FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          return (Type) extension.getMessageDefaultInstance();
+        } else {
+          return (Type) extension.fromReflectionType(
+              descriptor.getDefaultValue());
+        }
+      } else {
+        return (Type) extension.fromReflectionType(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite, final int index) {
+      Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      return (Type) extension.singularFromReflectionType(
+          extensions.getRepeatedField(descriptor, index));
+    }
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> boolean hasExtension(final Extension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return hasExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> boolean hasExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return hasExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        final Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension) {
+      return getExtensionCount((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension) {
+      return getExtensionCount((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(final Extension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final int index) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, index);
+    }
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final int index) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, index);
+    }
+
+    /** Called by subclasses to check if all extensions are initialized. */
+    protected boolean extensionsAreInitialized() {
+      return extensions.isInitialized();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isInitialized() {
+      return super.isInitialized() && extensionsAreInitialized();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected boolean parseUnknownField(
+        CodedInputStream input,
+        UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+        int tag) throws IOException {
+      return MessageReflection.mergeFieldFrom(
+          input, input.shouldDiscardUnknownFields() ? null : unknownFields, extensionRegistry,
+          getDescriptorForType(), new MessageReflection.ExtensionAdapter(extensions), tag);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delegates to parseUnknownField. This method is obsolete, but we must retain it for
+     * compatibility with older generated code.
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected boolean parseUnknownFieldProto3(
+        CodedInputStream input,
+        UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+        int tag) throws IOException {
+      return parseUnknownField(input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Used by parsing constructors in generated classes.
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected void makeExtensionsImmutable() {
+      extensions.makeImmutable();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used by subclasses to serialize extensions.  Extension ranges may be
+     * interleaved with field numbers, but we must write them in canonical
+     * (sorted by field number) order.  ExtensionWriter helps us write
+     * individual ranges of extensions at once.
+     */
+    protected class ExtensionWriter {
+      // Imagine how much simpler this code would be if Java iterators had
+      // a way to get the next element without advancing the iterator.
+
+      private final Iterator<Map.Entry<FieldDescriptor, Object>> iter =
+        extensions.iterator();
+      private Map.Entry<FieldDescriptor, Object> next;
+      private final boolean messageSetWireFormat;
+
+      private ExtensionWriter(final boolean messageSetWireFormat) {
+        if (iter.hasNext()) {
+          next = iter.next();
+        }
+        this.messageSetWireFormat = messageSetWireFormat;
+      }
+
+      public void writeUntil(final int end, final CodedOutputStream output)
+                             throws IOException {
+        while (next != null && next.getKey().getNumber() < end) {
+          FieldDescriptor descriptor = next.getKey();
+          if (messageSetWireFormat && descriptor.getLiteJavaType() ==
+                  WireFormat.JavaType.MESSAGE &&
+              !descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+            if (next instanceof LazyField.LazyEntry<?>) {
+              output.writeRawMessageSetExtension(descriptor.getNumber(),
+                  ((LazyField.LazyEntry<?>) next).getField().toByteString());
+            } else {
+              output.writeMessageSetExtension(descriptor.getNumber(),
+                                              (Message) next.getValue());
+            }
+          } else {
+            // TODO(xiangl): Taken care of following code, it may cause
+            // problem when we use LazyField for normal fields/extensions.
+            // Due to the optional field can be duplicated at the end of
+            // serialized bytes, which will make the serialized size change
+            // after lazy field parsed. So when we use LazyField globally,
+            // we need to change the following write method to write cached
+            // bytes directly rather than write the parsed message.
+            FieldSet.writeField(descriptor, next.getValue(), output);
+          }
+          if (iter.hasNext()) {
+            next = iter.next();
+          } else {
+            next = null;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    protected ExtensionWriter newExtensionWriter() {
+      return new ExtensionWriter(false);
+    }
+    protected ExtensionWriter newMessageSetExtensionWriter() {
+      return new ExtensionWriter(true);
+    }
+
+    /** Called by subclasses to compute the size of extensions. */
+    protected int extensionsSerializedSize() {
+      return extensions.getSerializedSize();
+    }
+    protected int extensionsSerializedSizeAsMessageSet() {
+      return extensions.getMessageSetSerializedSize();
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Reflection
+
+    protected Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getExtensionFields() {
+      return extensions.getAllFields();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+      final Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> result =
+          super.getAllFieldsMutable(/* getBytesForString = */ false);
+      result.putAll(getExtensionFields());
+      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(result);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFieldsRaw() {
+      final Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> result =
+          super.getAllFieldsMutable(/* getBytesForString = */ false);
+      result.putAll(getExtensionFields());
+      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(result);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        return extensions.hasField(field);
+      } else {
+        return super.hasField(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        final Object value = extensions.getField(field);
+        if (value == null) {
+          if (field.isRepeated()) {
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+          } else if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+            // Lacking an ExtensionRegistry, we have no way to determine the
+            // extension's real type, so we return a DynamicMessage.
+            return DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(field.getMessageType());
+          } else {
+            return field.getDefaultValue();
+          }
+        } else {
+          return value;
+        }
+      } else {
+        return super.getField(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getRepeatedFieldCount(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        return extensions.getRepeatedFieldCount(field);
+      } else {
+        return super.getRepeatedFieldCount(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getRepeatedField(final FieldDescriptor field,
+                                   final int index) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        return extensions.getRepeatedField(field, index);
+      } else {
+        return super.getRepeatedField(field, index);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyContainingType(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.getContainingType() != getDescriptorForType()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "FieldDescriptor does not match message type.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generated message builders for message types that contain extension ranges
+   * subclass this.
+   *
+   * <p>This class implements type-safe accessors for extensions.  They
+   * implement all the same operations that you can do with normal fields --
+   * e.g. "get", "set", and "add" -- but for extensions.  The extensions are
+   * identified using instances of the class {@link GeneratedExtension}; the
+   * protocol compiler generates a static instance of this class for every
+   * extension in its input.  Through the magic of generics, all is made
+   * type-safe.
+   *
+   * <p>For example, imagine you have the {@code .proto} file:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * option java_class = "MyProto";
+   *
+   * message Foo {
+   *   extensions 1000 to max;
+   * }
+   *
+   * extend Foo {
+   *   optional int32 bar;
+   * }
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * <p>Then you might write code like:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * MyProto.Foo foo =
+   *   MyProto.Foo.newBuilder()
+   *     .setExtension(MyProto.bar, 123)
+   *     .build();
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * <p>See also {@link ExtendableMessage}.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public abstract static class ExtendableBuilder<
+        MessageType extends ExtendableMessage,
+        BuilderType extends ExtendableBuilder<MessageType, BuilderType>>
+      extends Builder<BuilderType>
+      implements ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<MessageType> {
+
+    private FieldSet.Builder<FieldDescriptor> extensions;
+
+    protected ExtendableBuilder() {}
+
+    protected ExtendableBuilder(
+        BuilderParent parent) {
+      super(parent);
+    }
+
+    // For immutable message conversion.
+    void internalSetExtensionSet(FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> extensions) {
+      this.extensions = FieldSet.Builder.fromFieldSet(extensions);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clear() {
+      extensions = null;
+      return super.clear();
+    }
+
+    private void ensureExtensionsIsMutable() {
+      if (extensions == null) {
+        extensions = FieldSet.newBuilder();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyExtensionContainingType(
+        final Extension<MessageType, ?> extension) {
+      if (extension.getDescriptor().getContainingType() !=
+          getDescriptorForType()) {
+        // This can only happen if someone uses unchecked operations.
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Extension is for type \"" +
+          extension.getDescriptor().getContainingType().getFullName() +
+          "\" which does not match message type \"" +
+          getDescriptorForType().getFullName() + "\".");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> boolean hasExtension(final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extensionLite) {
+      Extension<MessageType, Type> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      return extensions == null ? false : extensions.hasField(extension.getDescriptor());
+    }
+
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite) {
+      Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      final FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      return extensions == null ? 0 : extensions.getRepeatedFieldCount(descriptor);
+    }
+
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extensionLite) {
+      Extension<MessageType, Type> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      final Object value = extensions == null ? null : extensions.getField(descriptor);
+      if (value == null) {
+        if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+          return (Type) Collections.emptyList();
+        } else if (descriptor.getJavaType() ==
+                   FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          return (Type) extension.getMessageDefaultInstance();
+        } else {
+          return (Type) extension.fromReflectionType(
+              descriptor.getDefaultValue());
+        }
+      } else {
+        return (Type) extension.fromReflectionType(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Get one element of a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite, final int index) {
+      Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      if (extensions == null) {
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+      }
+      return (Type)
+          extension.singularFromReflectionType(extensions.getRepeatedField(descriptor, index));
+    }
+
+    /** Set the value of an extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType setExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type> extensionLite,
+        final Type value) {
+      Extension<MessageType, Type> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+      final FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      extensions.setField(descriptor, extension.toReflectionType(value));
+      onChanged();
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /** Set the value of one element of a repeated extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType setExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite,
+        final int index, final Type value) {
+      Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+      final FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      extensions.setRepeatedField(
+        descriptor, index,
+        extension.singularToReflectionType(value));
+      onChanged();
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /** Append a value to a repeated extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType addExtension(
+        final ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>> extensionLite,
+        final Type value) {
+      Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+      final FieldDescriptor descriptor = extension.getDescriptor();
+      extensions.addRepeatedField(
+          descriptor, extension.singularToReflectionType(value));
+      onChanged();
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /** Clear an extension. */
+    public final BuilderType clearExtension(final ExtensionLite<MessageType, ?> extensionLite) {
+      Extension<MessageType, ?> extension = checkNotLite(extensionLite);
+
+      verifyExtensionContainingType(extension);
+      ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+      extensions.clearField(extension.getDescriptor());
+      onChanged();
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> boolean hasExtension(final Extension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return hasExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Check if a singular extension is present. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> boolean hasExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return hasExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        final Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension) {
+      return getExtensionCount((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the number of elements in a repeated extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> int getExtensionCount(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension) {
+      return getExtensionCount((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(final Extension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extension) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final int index) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, index);
+    }
+    /** Get the value of an extension. */
+    @Override
+    public final <Type> Type getExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final int index) {
+      return getExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, index);
+    }
+    /** Set the value of an extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType setExtension(
+        final Extension<MessageType, Type> extension, final Type value) {
+      return setExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension, value);
+    }
+    /** Set the value of an extension. */
+    public <Type> BuilderType setExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, Type> extension, final Type value) {
+      return setExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, Type>) extension, value);
+    }
+    /** Set the value of one element of a repeated extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType setExtension(
+        final Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension,
+        final int index, final Type value) {
+      return setExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, index, value);
+    }
+    /** Set the value of one element of a repeated extension. */
+    public <Type> BuilderType setExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension,
+        final int index, final Type value) {
+      return setExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, index, value);
+    }
+    /** Append a value to a repeated extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType addExtension(
+        final Extension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final Type value) {
+      return addExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, value);
+    }
+    /** Append a value to a repeated extension. */
+    public <Type> BuilderType addExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, List<Type>> extension, final Type value) {
+      return addExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, List<Type>>) extension, value);
+    }
+    /** Clear an extension. */
+    public final <Type> BuilderType clearExtension(
+        final Extension<MessageType, ?> extension) {
+      return clearExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, ?>) extension);
+    }
+    /** Clear an extension. */
+    public <Type> BuilderType clearExtension(
+        final GeneratedExtension<MessageType, ?> extension) {
+      return clearExtension((ExtensionLite<MessageType, ?>) extension);
+    }
+
+    /** Called by subclasses to check if all extensions are initialized. */
+    protected boolean extensionsAreInitialized() {
+      return extensions == null ? true : extensions.isInitialized();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by the build code path to create a copy of the extensions for
+     * building the message.
+     */
+    private FieldSet<FieldDescriptor> buildExtensions() {
+      return extensions == null
+          ? (FieldSet<FieldDescriptor>) FieldSet.emptySet()
+          : extensions.build();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isInitialized() {
+      return super.isInitialized() && extensionsAreInitialized();
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Reflection
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+      final Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> result = super.getAllFieldsMutable();
+      if (extensions != null) {
+        result.putAll(extensions.getAllFields());
+      }
+      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(result);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        final Object value = extensions == null ? null : extensions.getField(field);
+        if (value == null) {
+          if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+            // Lacking an ExtensionRegistry, we have no way to determine the
+            // extension's real type, so we return a DynamicMessage.
+            return DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(field.getMessageType());
+          } else {
+            return field.getDefaultValue();
+          }
+        } else {
+          return value;
+        }
+      } else {
+        return super.getField(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message.Builder getFieldBuilder(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        if (field.getJavaType() != FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+              "getFieldBuilder() called on a non-Message type.");
+        }
+        ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+        final Object value = extensions.getFieldAllowBuilders(field);
+        if (value == null) {
+          Message.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(field.getMessageType());
+          extensions.setField(field, builder);
+          onChanged();
+          return builder;
+        } else {
+          if (value instanceof Message.Builder) {
+            return (Message.Builder) value;
+          } else if (value instanceof Message) {
+            Message.Builder builder = ((Message) value).toBuilder();
+            extensions.setField(field, builder);
+            onChanged();
+            return builder;
+          } else {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                "getRepeatedFieldBuilder() called on a non-Message type.");
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        return super.getFieldBuilder(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getRepeatedFieldCount(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        return extensions == null ? 0 : extensions.getRepeatedFieldCount(field);
+      } else {
+        return super.getRepeatedFieldCount(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getRepeatedField(final FieldDescriptor field,
+                                   final int index) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        if (extensions == null) {
+          throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+        }
+        return extensions.getRepeatedField(field, index);
+      } else {
+        return super.getRepeatedField(field, index);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message.Builder getRepeatedFieldBuilder(final FieldDescriptor field, final int index) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+        if (field.getJavaType() != FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+              "getRepeatedFieldBuilder() called on a non-Message type.");
+        }
+        final Object value = extensions.getRepeatedFieldAllowBuilders(field, index);
+        if (value instanceof Message.Builder) {
+          return (Message.Builder) value;
+        } else if (value instanceof Message) {
+          Message.Builder builder = ((Message) value).toBuilder();
+          extensions.setRepeatedField(field, index, builder);
+          onChanged();
+          return builder;
+        } else {
+          throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+              "getRepeatedFieldBuilder() called on a non-Message type.");
+        }
+      } else {
+        return super.getRepeatedFieldBuilder(field, index);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        return extensions == null ? false : extensions.hasField(field);
+      } else {
+        return super.hasField(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType setField(final FieldDescriptor field,
+                                final Object value) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+        extensions.setField(field, value);
+        onChanged();
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } else {
+        return super.setField(field, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clearField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+        extensions.clearField(field);
+        onChanged();
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } else {
+        return super.clearField(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType setRepeatedField(final FieldDescriptor field,
+                                        final int index, final Object value) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+        extensions.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
+        onChanged();
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } else {
+        return super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType addRepeatedField(final FieldDescriptor field,
+                                        final Object value) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        verifyContainingType(field);
+        ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+        extensions.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+        onChanged();
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } else {
+        return super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message.Builder newBuilderForField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        return DynamicMessage.newBuilder(field.getMessageType());
+      } else {
+        return super.newBuilderForField(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    protected final void mergeExtensionFields(final ExtendableMessage other) {
+      if (other.extensions != null) {
+        ensureExtensionsIsMutable();
+        extensions.mergeFrom(other.extensions);
+        onChanged();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyContainingType(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.getContainingType() != getDescriptorForType()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "FieldDescriptor does not match message type.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the descriptor for an extension. The implementation depends on whether
+   * the extension is scoped in the top level of a file or scoped in a Message.
+   */
+  static interface ExtensionDescriptorRetriever {
+    FieldDescriptor getDescriptor();
+  }
+
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** Calls Class.getMethod and throws a RuntimeException if it fails. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static Method getMethodOrDie(
+      final Class clazz, final String name, final Class... params) {
+    try {
+      return clazz.getMethod(name, params);
+    } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+        "Generated message class \"" + clazz.getName() +
+        "\" missing method \"" + name + "\".", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Calls invoke and throws a RuntimeException if it fails. */
+  private static Object invokeOrDie(
+      final Method method, final Object object, final Object... params) {
+    try {
+      return method.invoke(object, params);
+    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+        "Couldn't use Java reflection to implement protocol message " +
+        "reflection.", e);
+    } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+      final Throwable cause = e.getCause();
+      if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
+        throw (RuntimeException) cause;
+      } else if (cause instanceof Error) {
+        throw (Error) cause;
+      } else {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+          "Unexpected exception thrown by generated accessor method.", cause);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the map field with the given field number. This method should be overridden in the
+   * generated message class if the message contains map fields.
+   *
+   * <p>Unlike other field types, reflection support for map fields can't be implemented based on
+   * generated public API because we need to access a map field as a list in reflection API but the
+   * generated API only allows us to access it as a map. This method returns the underlying map
+   * field directly and thus enables us to access the map field as a list.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unused"})
+  protected MapField internalGetMapField(int fieldNumber) {
+    // Note that we can't use descriptor names here because this method will
+    // be called when descriptor is being initialized.
+    throw new RuntimeException(
+        "No map fields found in " + getClass().getName());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Users should ignore this class.  This class provides the implementation
+   * with access to the fields of a message object using Java reflection.
+   */
+  public static final class FieldAccessorTable {
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a FieldAccessorTable for a particular message class.  Only
+     * one FieldAccessorTable should ever be constructed per class.
+     *
+     * @param descriptor     The type's descriptor.
+     * @param camelCaseNames The camelcase names of all fields in the message.
+     *                       These are used to derive the accessor method names.
+     * @param messageClass   The message type.
+     * @param builderClass   The builder type.
+     */
+    public FieldAccessorTable(
+        final Descriptor descriptor,
+        final String[] camelCaseNames,
+        final Class<? extends GeneratedMessageV3> messageClass,
+        final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+      this(descriptor, camelCaseNames);
+      ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(messageClass, builderClass);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a FieldAccessorTable for a particular message class without
+     * initializing FieldAccessors.
+     */
+    public FieldAccessorTable(
+        final Descriptor descriptor,
+        final String[] camelCaseNames) {
+      this.descriptor = descriptor;
+      this.camelCaseNames = camelCaseNames;
+      fields = new FieldAccessor[descriptor.getFields().size()];
+      oneofs = new OneofAccessor[descriptor.getOneofs().size()];
+      initialized = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensures the field accessors are initialized. This method is thread-safe.
+     *
+     * @param messageClass   The message type.
+     * @param builderClass   The builder type.
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public FieldAccessorTable ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
+        Class<? extends GeneratedMessageV3> messageClass,
+        Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+      if (initialized) { return this; }
+      synchronized (this) {
+        if (initialized) { return this; }
+        int fieldsSize = fields.length;
+        for (int i = 0; i < fieldsSize; i++) {
+          FieldDescriptor field = descriptor.getFields().get(i);
+          String containingOneofCamelCaseName = null;
+          if (field.getContainingOneof() != null) {
+            containingOneofCamelCaseName =
+                camelCaseNames[fieldsSize + field.getContainingOneof().getIndex()];
+          }
+          if (field.isRepeated()) {
+            if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+              if (field.isMapField()) {
+                fields[i] = new MapFieldAccessor(
+                    field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass);
+              } else {
+                fields[i] = new RepeatedMessageFieldAccessor(
+                    field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass);
+              }
+            } else if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.ENUM) {
+              fields[i] = new RepeatedEnumFieldAccessor(
+                  field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass);
+            } else {
+              fields[i] = new RepeatedFieldAccessor(
+                  field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass);
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+              fields[i] = new SingularMessageFieldAccessor(
+                  field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass,
+                  containingOneofCamelCaseName);
+            } else if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.ENUM) {
+              fields[i] = new SingularEnumFieldAccessor(
+                  field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass,
+                  containingOneofCamelCaseName);
+            } else if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.STRING) {
+              fields[i] = new SingularStringFieldAccessor(
+                  field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass,
+                  containingOneofCamelCaseName);
+            } else {
+              fields[i] = new SingularFieldAccessor(
+                  field, camelCaseNames[i], messageClass, builderClass,
+                  containingOneofCamelCaseName);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        int oneofsSize = oneofs.length;
+        for (int i = 0; i < oneofsSize; i++) {
+          oneofs[i] = new OneofAccessor(
+              descriptor, camelCaseNames[i + fieldsSize],
+              messageClass, builderClass);
+        }
+        initialized = true;
+        camelCaseNames = null;
+        return this;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private final Descriptor descriptor;
+    private final FieldAccessor[] fields;
+    private String[] camelCaseNames;
+    private final OneofAccessor[] oneofs;
+    private volatile boolean initialized;
+
+    /** Get the FieldAccessor for a particular field. */
+    private FieldAccessor getField(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.getContainingType() != descriptor) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "FieldDescriptor does not match message type.");
+      } else if (field.isExtension()) {
+        // If this type had extensions, it would subclass ExtendableMessage,
+        // which overrides the reflection interface to handle extensions.
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "This type does not have extensions.");
+      }
+      return fields[field.getIndex()];
+    }
+
+    /** Get the OneofAccessor for a particular oneof. */
+    private OneofAccessor getOneof(final OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      if (oneof.getContainingType() != descriptor) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "OneofDescriptor does not match message type.");
+      }
+      return oneofs[oneof.getIndex()];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Abstract interface that provides access to a single field.  This is
+     * implemented differently depending on the field type and cardinality.
+     */
+    private interface FieldAccessor {
+      Object get(GeneratedMessageV3 message);
+      Object get(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder);
+      Object getRaw(GeneratedMessageV3 message);
+      Object getRaw(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder);
+      void set(Builder builder, Object value);
+      Object getRepeated(GeneratedMessageV3 message, int index);
+      Object getRepeated(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder, int index);
+      Object getRepeatedRaw(GeneratedMessageV3 message, int index);
+      Object getRepeatedRaw(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder, int index);
+      void setRepeated(Builder builder,
+                       int index, Object value);
+      void addRepeated(Builder builder, Object value);
+      boolean has(GeneratedMessageV3 message);
+      boolean has(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder);
+      int getRepeatedCount(GeneratedMessageV3 message);
+      int getRepeatedCount(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder);
+      void clear(Builder builder);
+      Message.Builder newBuilder();
+      Message.Builder getBuilder(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder);
+      Message.Builder getRepeatedBuilder(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder,
+                                         int index);
+    }
+
+    /** OneofAccessor provides access to a single oneof. */
+    private static class OneofAccessor {
+      OneofAccessor(
+          final Descriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessageV3> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+        this.descriptor = descriptor;
+        caseMethod =
+            getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Case");
+        caseMethodBuilder =
+            getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Case");
+        clearMethod = getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "clear" + camelCaseName);
+      }
+
+      private final Descriptor descriptor;
+      private final Method caseMethod;
+      private final Method caseMethodBuilder;
+      private final Method clearMethod;
+
+      public boolean has(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        if (((Internal.EnumLite) invokeOrDie(caseMethod, message)).getNumber() == 0) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      public boolean has(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        if (((Internal.EnumLite) invokeOrDie(caseMethodBuilder, builder)).getNumber() == 0) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      public FieldDescriptor get(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        int fieldNumber = ((Internal.EnumLite) invokeOrDie(caseMethod, message)).getNumber();
+        if (fieldNumber > 0) {
+          return descriptor.findFieldByNumber(fieldNumber);
+        }
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      public FieldDescriptor get(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        int fieldNumber = ((Internal.EnumLite) invokeOrDie(caseMethodBuilder, builder)).getNumber();
+        if (fieldNumber > 0) {
+          return descriptor.findFieldByNumber(fieldNumber);
+        }
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      public void clear(final Builder builder) {
+        invokeOrDie(clearMethod, builder);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean supportFieldPresence(FileDescriptor file) {
+      return file.getSyntax() == FileDescriptor.Syntax.PROTO2;
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    private static class SingularFieldAccessor implements FieldAccessor {
+      private interface MethodInvoker {
+        Object get(final GeneratedMessageV3 message);
+
+        Object get(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder);
+
+        int getOneofFieldNumber(final GeneratedMessageV3 message);
+
+        int getOneofFieldNumber(final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder);
+
+        void set(final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder, final Object value);
+
+        boolean has(final GeneratedMessageV3 message);
+
+        boolean has(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder);
+
+        void clear(final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder);
+      }
+
+      private static final class ReflectionInvoker implements MethodInvoker {
+        protected final Method getMethod;
+        protected final Method getMethodBuilder;
+        protected final Method setMethod;
+        protected final Method hasMethod;
+        protected final Method hasMethodBuilder;
+        protected final Method clearMethod;
+        protected final Method caseMethod;
+        protected final Method caseMethodBuilder;
+
+        ReflectionInvoker(
+            final FieldDescriptor descriptor,
+            final String camelCaseName,
+            final Class<? extends GeneratedMessageV3> messageClass,
+            final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass,
+            final String containingOneofCamelCaseName,
+            boolean isOneofField,
+            boolean hasHasMethod) {
+          getMethod = getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "get" + camelCaseName);
+          getMethodBuilder = getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName);
+          Class<?> type = getMethod.getReturnType();
+          setMethod = getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "set" + camelCaseName, type);
+          hasMethod = hasHasMethod ? getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "has" + camelCaseName) : null;
+          hasMethodBuilder =
+              hasHasMethod ? getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "has" + camelCaseName) : null;
+          clearMethod = getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "clear" + camelCaseName);
+          caseMethod =
+              isOneofField
+                  ? getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "get" + containingOneofCamelCaseName + "Case")
+                  : null;
+          caseMethodBuilder =
+              isOneofField
+                  ? getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + containingOneofCamelCaseName + "Case")
+                  : null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object get(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+          return invokeOrDie(getMethod, message);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object get(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+          return invokeOrDie(getMethodBuilder, builder);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getOneofFieldNumber(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+          return ((Internal.EnumLite) invokeOrDie(caseMethod, message)).getNumber();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getOneofFieldNumber(final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+          return ((Internal.EnumLite) invokeOrDie(caseMethodBuilder, builder)).getNumber();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void set(final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder, final Object value) {
+          invokeOrDie(setMethod, builder, value);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean has(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+          return (Boolean) invokeOrDie(hasMethod, message);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean has(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+          return (Boolean) invokeOrDie(hasMethodBuilder, builder);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void clear(final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+          invokeOrDie(clearMethod, builder);
+        }
+      }
+
+      SingularFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor,
+          final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessageV3> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass,
+          final String containingOneofCamelCaseName) {
+        isOneofField = descriptor.getContainingOneof() != null;
+        hasHasMethod = supportFieldPresence(descriptor.getFile())
+            || (!isOneofField && descriptor.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE);
+        ReflectionInvoker reflectionInvoker =
+            new ReflectionInvoker(
+                descriptor,
+                camelCaseName,
+                messageClass,
+                builderClass,
+                containingOneofCamelCaseName,
+                isOneofField,
+                hasHasMethod);
+        field = descriptor;
+        type = reflectionInvoker.getMethod.getReturnType();
+        invoker = getMethodInvoker(reflectionInvoker);
+      }
+
+      static MethodInvoker getMethodInvoker(ReflectionInvoker accessor) {
+        return accessor;
+      }
+
+      // Note:  We use Java reflection to call public methods rather than
+      //   access private fields directly as this avoids runtime security
+      //   checks.
+      protected final Class<?> type;
+      protected final FieldDescriptor field;
+      protected final boolean isOneofField;
+      protected final boolean hasHasMethod;
+      protected final MethodInvoker invoker;
+
+      @Override
+      public Object get(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        return invoker.get(message);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object get(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        return invoker.get(builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        return get(message);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        return get(builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void set(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        invoker.set(builder, value);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(final GeneratedMessageV3 message, final int index) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("getRepeatedField() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeatedRaw(final GeneratedMessageV3 message, final int index) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "getRepeatedFieldRaw() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder, int index) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("getRepeatedField() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeatedRaw(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder, int index) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "getRepeatedFieldRaw() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void setRepeated(final Builder builder, final int index, final Object value) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("setRepeatedField() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void addRepeated(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("addRepeatedField() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public boolean has(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        if (!hasHasMethod) {
+          if (isOneofField) {
+            return invoker.getOneofFieldNumber(message) == field.getNumber();
+          }
+          return !get(message).equals(field.getDefaultValue());
+        }
+        return invoker.has(message);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public boolean has(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        if (!hasHasMethod) {
+          if (isOneofField) {
+            return invoker.getOneofFieldNumber(builder) == field.getNumber();
+          }
+          return !get(builder).equals(field.getDefaultValue());
+        }
+        return invoker.has(builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public int getRepeatedCount(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "getRepeatedFieldSize() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public int getRepeatedCount(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "getRepeatedFieldSize() called on a singular field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void clear(final Builder builder) {
+        invoker.clear(builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder newBuilder() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "newBuilderForField() called on a non-Message type.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder getBuilder(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("getFieldBuilder() called on a non-Message type.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder getRepeatedBuilder(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder, int index) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "getRepeatedFieldBuilder() called on a non-Message type.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static class RepeatedFieldAccessor implements FieldAccessor {
+      interface MethodInvoker {
+        public Object get(final GeneratedMessageV3 message);
+
+        public Object get(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder);
+
+        Object getRepeated(final GeneratedMessageV3 message, final int index);
+
+        Object getRepeated(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder, int index);
+
+        void setRepeated(
+            final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder, final int index, final Object value);
+
+        void addRepeated(final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder, final Object value);
+
+        int getRepeatedCount(final GeneratedMessageV3 message);
+
+        int getRepeatedCount(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder);
+
+        void clear(final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder);
+      }
+
+      private static final class ReflectionInvoker implements MethodInvoker {
+        protected final Method getMethod;
+        protected final Method getMethodBuilder;
+        protected final Method getRepeatedMethod;
+        protected final Method getRepeatedMethodBuilder;
+        protected final Method setRepeatedMethod;
+        protected final Method addRepeatedMethod;
+        protected final Method getCountMethod;
+        protected final Method getCountMethodBuilder;
+        protected final Method clearMethod;
+
+        ReflectionInvoker(
+            final FieldDescriptor descriptor,
+            final String camelCaseName,
+            final Class<? extends GeneratedMessageV3> messageClass,
+            final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+          getMethod = getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "List");
+          getMethodBuilder = getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "List");
+          getRepeatedMethod = getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "get" + camelCaseName, Integer.TYPE);
+          getRepeatedMethodBuilder =
+              getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName, Integer.TYPE);
+          Class<?> type = getRepeatedMethod.getReturnType();
+          setRepeatedMethod =
+              getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "set" + camelCaseName, Integer.TYPE, type);
+          addRepeatedMethod = getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "add" + camelCaseName, type);
+          getCountMethod = getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Count");
+          getCountMethodBuilder = getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Count");
+          clearMethod = getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "clear" + camelCaseName);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object get(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+          return invokeOrDie(getMethod, message);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object get(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+          return invokeOrDie(getMethodBuilder, builder);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object getRepeated(
+            final GeneratedMessageV3 message, final int index) {
+          return invokeOrDie(getRepeatedMethod, message, index);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object getRepeated(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder, int index) {
+          return invokeOrDie(getRepeatedMethodBuilder, builder, index);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void setRepeated(
+            final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder, final int index, final Object value) {
+          invokeOrDie(setRepeatedMethod, builder, index, value);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void addRepeated(
+            final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder, final Object value) {
+          invokeOrDie(addRepeatedMethod, builder, value);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getRepeatedCount(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+          return (Integer) invokeOrDie(getCountMethod, message);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getRepeatedCount(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+          return (Integer) invokeOrDie(getCountMethodBuilder, builder);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void clear(final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
+          invokeOrDie(clearMethod, builder);
+        }
+      }
+
+      protected final Class type;
+      protected final MethodInvoker invoker;
+
+      RepeatedFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessageV3> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+        ReflectionInvoker reflectionInvoker =
+            new ReflectionInvoker(descriptor, camelCaseName, messageClass, builderClass);
+        type = reflectionInvoker.getRepeatedMethod.getReturnType();
+        invoker = getMethodInvoker(reflectionInvoker);
+      }
+
+      static MethodInvoker getMethodInvoker(ReflectionInvoker accessor) {
+        return accessor;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object get(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        return invoker.get(message);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object get(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        return invoker.get(builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        return get(message);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        return get(builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void set(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        // Add all the elements individually.  This serves two purposes:
+        // 1) Verifies that each element has the correct type.
+        // 2) Insures that the caller cannot modify the list later on and
+        //    have the modifications be reflected in the message.
+        clear(builder);
+        for (final Object element : (List<?>) value) {
+          addRepeated(builder, element);
+        }
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(final GeneratedMessageV3 message, final int index) {
+        return invoker.getRepeated(message, index);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder, int index) {
+        return invoker.getRepeated(builder, index);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeatedRaw(GeneratedMessageV3 message, int index) {
+        return getRepeated(message, index);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeatedRaw(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder, int index) {
+        return getRepeated(builder, index);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void setRepeated(final Builder builder, final int index, final Object value) {
+        invoker.setRepeated(builder, index, value);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void addRepeated(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        invoker.addRepeated(builder, value);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public boolean has(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("hasField() called on a repeated field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public boolean has(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("hasField() called on a repeated field.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public int getRepeatedCount(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        return invoker.getRepeatedCount(message);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public int getRepeatedCount(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        return invoker.getRepeatedCount(builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void clear(final Builder builder) {
+        invoker.clear(builder);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder newBuilder() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "newBuilderForField() called on a non-Message type.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder getBuilder(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("getFieldBuilder() called on a non-Message type.");
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder getRepeatedBuilder(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder, int index) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "getRepeatedFieldBuilder() called on a non-Message type.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static class MapFieldAccessor implements FieldAccessor {
+      MapFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessageV3> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+        field = descriptor;
+        Method getDefaultInstanceMethod =
+            getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "getDefaultInstance");
+        MapField defaultMapField = getMapField(
+            (GeneratedMessageV3) invokeOrDie(getDefaultInstanceMethod, null));
+        mapEntryMessageDefaultInstance =
+            defaultMapField.getMapEntryMessageDefaultInstance();
+      }
+
+      private final FieldDescriptor field;
+      private final Message mapEntryMessageDefaultInstance;
+
+      private MapField<?, ?> getMapField(GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        return (MapField<?, ?>) message.internalGetMapField(field.getNumber());
+      }
+
+      private MapField<?, ?> getMapField(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        return (MapField<?, ?>) builder.internalGetMapField(field.getNumber());
+      }
+
+      private MapField<?, ?> getMutableMapField(
+          GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        return (MapField<?, ?>) builder.internalGetMutableMapField(
+            field.getNumber());
+      }
+
+      private Message coerceType(Message value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        if (mapEntryMessageDefaultInstance.getClass().isInstance(value)) {
+          return value;
+        }
+        // The value is not the exact right message type.  However, if it
+        // is an alternative implementation of the same type -- e.g. a
+        // DynamicMessage -- we should accept it.  In this case we can make
+        // a copy of the message.
+        return mapEntryMessageDefaultInstance.toBuilder().mergeFrom(value).build();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      public Object get(GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        List result = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < getRepeatedCount(message); i++) {
+          result.add(getRepeated(message, i));
+        }
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(result);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      public Object get(Builder builder) {
+        List result = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < getRepeatedCount(builder); i++) {
+          result.add(getRepeated(builder, i));
+        }
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(result);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        return get(message);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        return get(builder);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void set(Builder builder, Object value) {
+        clear(builder);
+        for (Object entry : (List) value) {
+          addRepeated(builder, entry);
+        }
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(GeneratedMessageV3 message, int index) {
+        return getMapField(message).getList().get(index);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(Builder builder, int index) {
+        return getMapField(builder).getList().get(index);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeatedRaw(GeneratedMessageV3 message, int index) {
+        return getRepeated(message, index);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeatedRaw(Builder builder, int index) {
+        return getRepeated(builder, index);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void setRepeated(Builder builder, int index, Object value) {
+        getMutableMapField(builder).getMutableList().set(index, coerceType((Message) value));
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void addRepeated(Builder builder, Object value) {
+        getMutableMapField(builder).getMutableList().add(coerceType((Message) value));
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean has(GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "hasField() is not supported for repeated fields.");
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean has(Builder builder) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "hasField() is not supported for repeated fields.");
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int getRepeatedCount(GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        return getMapField(message).getList().size();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int getRepeatedCount(Builder builder) {
+        return getMapField(builder).getList().size();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void clear(Builder builder) {
+        getMutableMapField(builder).getMutableList().clear();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder newBuilder() {
+        return mapEntryMessageDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder getBuilder(Builder builder) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "Nested builder not supported for map fields.");
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public com.google.protobuf.Message.Builder getRepeatedBuilder(Builder builder, int index) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+            "Nested builder not supported for map fields.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    private static final class SingularEnumFieldAccessor
+        extends SingularFieldAccessor {
+      SingularEnumFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessageV3> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass,
+          final String containingOneofCamelCaseName) {
+        super(descriptor, camelCaseName, messageClass, builderClass, containingOneofCamelCaseName);
+
+        enumDescriptor = descriptor.getEnumType();
+
+        valueOfMethod = getMethodOrDie(type, "valueOf", EnumValueDescriptor.class);
+        getValueDescriptorMethod = getMethodOrDie(type, "getValueDescriptor");
+
+        supportUnknownEnumValue = descriptor.getFile().supportsUnknownEnumValue();
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          getValueMethod =
+              getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Value");
+          getValueMethodBuilder =
+              getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Value");
+          setValueMethod =
+              getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "set" + camelCaseName + "Value", int.class);
+        }
+      }
+
+      private EnumDescriptor enumDescriptor;
+
+      private Method valueOfMethod;
+      private Method getValueDescriptorMethod;
+
+      private boolean supportUnknownEnumValue;
+      private Method getValueMethod;
+      private Method getValueMethodBuilder;
+      private Method setValueMethod;
+
+      @Override
+      public Object get(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          int value = (Integer) invokeOrDie(getValueMethod, message);
+          return enumDescriptor.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(value);
+        }
+        return invokeOrDie(getValueDescriptorMethod, super.get(message));
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object get(final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          int value = (Integer) invokeOrDie(getValueMethodBuilder, builder);
+          return enumDescriptor.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(value);
+        }
+        return invokeOrDie(getValueDescriptorMethod, super.get(builder));
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void set(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          invokeOrDie(setValueMethod, builder,
+              ((EnumValueDescriptor) value).getNumber());
+          return;
+        }
+        super.set(builder, invokeOrDie(valueOfMethod, null, value));
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static final class RepeatedEnumFieldAccessor
+        extends RepeatedFieldAccessor {
+      RepeatedEnumFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessageV3> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+        super(descriptor, camelCaseName, messageClass, builderClass);
+
+        enumDescriptor = descriptor.getEnumType();
+
+        valueOfMethod = getMethodOrDie(type, "valueOf", EnumValueDescriptor.class);
+        getValueDescriptorMethod = getMethodOrDie(type, "getValueDescriptor");
+
+        supportUnknownEnumValue = descriptor.getFile().supportsUnknownEnumValue();
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          getRepeatedValueMethod =
+              getMethodOrDie(messageClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Value", int.class);
+          getRepeatedValueMethodBuilder =
+              getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Value", int.class);
+          setRepeatedValueMethod =
+              getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "set" + camelCaseName + "Value", int.class, int.class);
+          addRepeatedValueMethod =
+              getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "add" + camelCaseName + "Value", int.class);
+        }
+      }
+      private EnumDescriptor enumDescriptor;
+
+      private final Method valueOfMethod;
+      private final Method getValueDescriptorMethod;
+
+      private boolean supportUnknownEnumValue;
+      private Method getRepeatedValueMethod;
+      private Method getRepeatedValueMethodBuilder;
+      private Method setRepeatedValueMethod;
+      private Method addRepeatedValueMethod;
+
+      @Override
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      public Object get(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        final List newList = new ArrayList<>();
+        final int size = getRepeatedCount(message);
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+          newList.add(getRepeated(message, i));
+        }
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(newList);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      public Object get(final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        final List newList = new ArrayList<>();
+        final int size = getRepeatedCount(builder);
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+          newList.add(getRepeated(builder, i));
+        }
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(newList);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(final GeneratedMessageV3 message, final int index) {
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          int value = (Integer) invokeOrDie(getRepeatedValueMethod, message, index);
+          return enumDescriptor.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(value);
+        }
+        return invokeOrDie(getValueDescriptorMethod, super.getRepeated(message, index));
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeated(final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder, final int index) {
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          int value = (Integer) invokeOrDie(getRepeatedValueMethodBuilder, builder, index);
+          return enumDescriptor.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(value);
+        }
+        return invokeOrDie(getValueDescriptorMethod, super.getRepeated(builder, index));
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void setRepeated(final Builder builder, final int index, final Object value) {
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          invokeOrDie(setRepeatedValueMethod, builder, index,
+              ((EnumValueDescriptor) value).getNumber());
+          return;
+        }
+        super.setRepeated(builder, index, invokeOrDie(valueOfMethod, null, value));
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void addRepeated(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        if (supportUnknownEnumValue) {
+          invokeOrDie(addRepeatedValueMethod, builder,
+              ((EnumValueDescriptor) value).getNumber());
+          return;
+        }
+        super.addRepeated(builder, invokeOrDie(valueOfMethod, null, value));
+      }
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Field accessor for string fields.
+     *
+     * <p>This class makes getFooBytes() and setFooBytes() available for
+     * reflection API so that reflection based serialize/parse functions can
+     * access the raw bytes of the field to preserve non-UTF8 bytes in the
+     * string.
+     *
+     * <p>This ensures the serialize/parse round-trip safety, which is important
+     * for servers which forward messages.
+     */
+    private static final class SingularStringFieldAccessor
+        extends SingularFieldAccessor {
+      SingularStringFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessageV3> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass,
+          final String containingOneofCamelCaseName) {
+        super(descriptor, camelCaseName, messageClass, builderClass,
+            containingOneofCamelCaseName);
+        getBytesMethod = getMethodOrDie(messageClass,
+            "get" + camelCaseName + "Bytes");
+        getBytesMethodBuilder = getMethodOrDie(builderClass,
+            "get" + camelCaseName + "Bytes");
+        setBytesMethodBuilder = getMethodOrDie(builderClass,
+            "set" + camelCaseName + "Bytes", ByteString.class);
+      }
+
+      private final Method getBytesMethod;
+      private final Method getBytesMethodBuilder;
+      private final Method setBytesMethodBuilder;
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(final GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
+        return invokeOrDie(getBytesMethod, message);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRaw(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        return invokeOrDie(getBytesMethodBuilder, builder);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void set(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder, Object value) {
+        if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+          invokeOrDie(setBytesMethodBuilder, builder, value);
+        } else {
+          super.set(builder, value);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    private static final class SingularMessageFieldAccessor
+        extends SingularFieldAccessor {
+      SingularMessageFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessageV3> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass,
+          final String containingOneofCamelCaseName) {
+        super(descriptor, camelCaseName, messageClass, builderClass,
+            containingOneofCamelCaseName);
+
+        newBuilderMethod = getMethodOrDie(type, "newBuilder");
+        getBuilderMethodBuilder =
+            getMethodOrDie(builderClass, "get" + camelCaseName + "Builder");
+      }
+
+      private final Method newBuilderMethod;
+      private final Method getBuilderMethodBuilder;
+
+      private Object coerceType(final Object value) {
+        if (type.isInstance(value)) {
+          return value;
+        } else {
+          // The value is not the exact right message type.  However, if it
+          // is an alternative implementation of the same type -- e.g. a
+          // DynamicMessage -- we should accept it.  In this case we can make
+          // a copy of the message.
+          return ((Message.Builder) invokeOrDie(newBuilderMethod, null))
+              .mergeFrom((Message) value)
+              .buildPartial();
+        }
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void set(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        super.set(builder, coerceType(value));
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder newBuilder() {
+        return (Message.Builder) invokeOrDie(newBuilderMethod, null);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder getBuilder(GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder) {
+        return (Message.Builder) invokeOrDie(getBuilderMethodBuilder, builder);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static final class RepeatedMessageFieldAccessor
+        extends RepeatedFieldAccessor {
+      RepeatedMessageFieldAccessor(
+          final FieldDescriptor descriptor, final String camelCaseName,
+          final Class<? extends GeneratedMessageV3> messageClass,
+          final Class<? extends Builder> builderClass) {
+        super(descriptor, camelCaseName, messageClass, builderClass);
+
+        newBuilderMethod = getMethodOrDie(type, "newBuilder");
+        getBuilderMethodBuilder = getMethodOrDie(builderClass,
+            "get" + camelCaseName + "Builder", Integer.TYPE);
+      }
+
+      private final Method newBuilderMethod;
+      private final Method getBuilderMethodBuilder;
+
+      private Object coerceType(final Object value) {
+        if (type.isInstance(value)) {
+          return value;
+        } else {
+          // The value is not the exact right message type.  However, if it
+          // is an alternative implementation of the same type -- e.g. a
+          // DynamicMessage -- we should accept it.  In this case we can make
+          // a copy of the message.
+          return ((Message.Builder) invokeOrDie(newBuilderMethod, null))
+              .mergeFrom((Message) value)
+              .build();
+        }
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void setRepeated(final Builder builder, final int index, final Object value) {
+        super.setRepeated(builder, index, coerceType(value));
+      }
+      @Override
+      public void addRepeated(final Builder builder, final Object value) {
+        super.addRepeated(builder, coerceType(value));
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder newBuilder() {
+        return (Message.Builder) invokeOrDie(newBuilderMethod, null);
+      }
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder getRepeatedBuilder(
+          final GeneratedMessageV3.Builder builder, final int index) {
+        return (Message.Builder) invokeOrDie(
+            getBuilderMethodBuilder, builder, index);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Replaces this object in the output stream with a serialized form.
+   * Part of Java's serialization magic.  Generated sub-classes must override
+   * this method by calling {@code return super.writeReplace();}
+   * @return a SerializedForm of this message
+   */
+  protected Object writeReplace() throws ObjectStreamException {
+    return new GeneratedMessageLite.SerializedForm(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks that the {@link Extension} is non-Lite and returns it as a {@link GeneratedExtension}.
+   */
+  private static <MessageType extends ExtendableMessage<MessageType>, T>
+      Extension<MessageType, T> checkNotLite(ExtensionLite<MessageType, T> extension) {
+    if (extension.isLite()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected non-lite extension.");
+    }
+
+    return (Extension<MessageType, T>) extension;
+  }
+
+  protected static int computeStringSize(final int fieldNumber, final Object value) {
+    if (value instanceof String) {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeStringSize(fieldNumber, (String) value);
+    } else {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSize(fieldNumber, (ByteString) value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static int computeStringSizeNoTag(final Object value) {
+    if (value instanceof String) {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeStringSizeNoTag((String) value);
+    } else {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSizeNoTag((ByteString) value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static void writeString(
+      CodedOutputStream output, final int fieldNumber, final Object value) throws IOException {
+    if (value instanceof String) {
+      output.writeString(fieldNumber, (String) value);
+    } else {
+      output.writeBytes(fieldNumber, (ByteString) value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static void writeStringNoTag(
+      CodedOutputStream output, final Object value) throws IOException {
+    if (value instanceof String) {
+      output.writeStringNoTag((String) value);
+    } else {
+      output.writeBytesNoTag((ByteString) value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <V> void serializeIntegerMapTo(
+      CodedOutputStream out,
+      MapField<Integer, V> field,
+      MapEntry<Integer, V> defaultEntry,
+      int fieldNumber) throws IOException {
+    Map<Integer, V> m = field.getMap();
+    if (!out.isSerializationDeterministic()) {
+      serializeMapTo(out, m, defaultEntry, fieldNumber);
+      return;
+    }
+    // Sorting the unboxed keys and then look up the values during serialziation is 2x faster
+    // than sorting map entries with a custom comparator directly.
+    int[] keys = new int[m.size()];
+    int index = 0;
+    for (int k : m.keySet()) {
+      keys[index++] = k;
+    }
+    Arrays.sort(keys);
+    for (int key : keys) {
+      out.writeMessage(fieldNumber,
+          defaultEntry.newBuilderForType()
+              .setKey(key)
+              .setValue(m.get(key))
+              .build());
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <V> void serializeLongMapTo(
+      CodedOutputStream out,
+      MapField<Long, V> field,
+      MapEntry<Long, V> defaultEntry,
+      int fieldNumber)
+      throws IOException {
+    Map<Long, V> m = field.getMap();
+    if (!out.isSerializationDeterministic()) {
+      serializeMapTo(out, m, defaultEntry, fieldNumber);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    long[] keys = new long[m.size()];
+    int index = 0;
+    for (long k : m.keySet()) {
+      keys[index++] = k;
+    }
+    Arrays.sort(keys);
+    for (long key : keys) {
+      out.writeMessage(fieldNumber,
+          defaultEntry.newBuilderForType()
+              .setKey(key)
+              .setValue(m.get(key))
+              .build());
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <V> void serializeStringMapTo(
+      CodedOutputStream out,
+      MapField<String, V> field,
+      MapEntry<String, V> defaultEntry,
+      int fieldNumber)
+      throws IOException {
+    Map<String, V> m = field.getMap();
+    if (!out.isSerializationDeterministic()) {
+      serializeMapTo(out, m, defaultEntry, fieldNumber);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Sorting the String keys and then look up the values during serialziation is 25% faster than
+    // sorting map entries with a custom comparator directly.
+    String[] keys = new String[m.size()];
+    keys = m.keySet().toArray(keys);
+    Arrays.sort(keys);
+    for (String key : keys) {
+      out.writeMessage(fieldNumber,
+          defaultEntry.newBuilderForType()
+              .setKey(key)
+              .setValue(m.get(key))
+              .build());
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <V> void serializeBooleanMapTo(
+      CodedOutputStream out,
+      MapField<Boolean, V> field,
+      MapEntry<Boolean, V> defaultEntry,
+      int fieldNumber)
+      throws IOException {
+    Map<Boolean, V> m = field.getMap();
+    if (!out.isSerializationDeterministic()) {
+      serializeMapTo(out, m, defaultEntry, fieldNumber);
+      return;
+    }
+    maybeSerializeBooleanEntryTo(out, m, defaultEntry, fieldNumber, false);
+    maybeSerializeBooleanEntryTo(out, m, defaultEntry, fieldNumber, true);
+  }
+
+  private static <V> void maybeSerializeBooleanEntryTo(
+      CodedOutputStream out,
+      Map<Boolean, V> m,
+      MapEntry<Boolean, V> defaultEntry,
+      int fieldNumber,
+      boolean key)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (m.containsKey(key)) {
+      out.writeMessage(fieldNumber,
+          defaultEntry.newBuilderForType()
+              .setKey(key)
+              .setValue(m.get(key))
+              .build());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Serialize the map using the iteration order. */
+  private static <K, V> void serializeMapTo(
+      CodedOutputStream out,
+      Map<K, V> m,
+      MapEntry<K, V> defaultEntry,
+      int fieldNumber)
+      throws IOException {
+    for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : m.entrySet()) {
+      out.writeMessage(fieldNumber,
+          defaultEntry.newBuilderForType()
+              .setKey(entry.getKey())
+              .setValue(entry.getValue())
+              .build());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/IntArrayList.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/IntArrayList.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98f1f8133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/IntArrayList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.IntList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.RandomAccess;
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of {@link IntList} on top of a primitive array.
+ *
+ * @author dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+ */
+final class IntArrayList extends AbstractProtobufList<Integer>
+    implements IntList, RandomAccess, PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection {
+
+  private static final IntArrayList EMPTY_LIST = new IntArrayList(new int[0], 0);
+  static {
+    EMPTY_LIST.makeImmutable();
+  }
+
+  public static IntArrayList emptyList() {
+    return EMPTY_LIST;
+  }
+
+  /** The backing store for the list. */
+  private int[] array;
+
+  /**
+   * The size of the list distinct from the length of the array. That is, it is the number of
+   * elements set in the list.
+   */
+  private int size;
+
+  /** Constructs a new mutable {@code IntArrayList} with default capacity. */
+  IntArrayList() {
+    this(new int[DEFAULT_CAPACITY], 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new mutable {@code IntArrayList} containing the same elements as {@code other}.
+   */
+  private IntArrayList(int[] other, int size) {
+    array = other;
+    this.size = size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (toIndex < fromIndex) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("toIndex < fromIndex");
+    }
+
+    System.arraycopy(array, toIndex, array, fromIndex, size - toIndex);
+    size -= (toIndex - fromIndex);
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!(o instanceof IntArrayList)) {
+      return super.equals(o);
+    }
+    IntArrayList other = (IntArrayList) o;
+    if (size != other.size) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    final int[] arr = other.array;
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      if (array[i] != arr[i]) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    int result = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      result = (31 * result) + array[i];
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public IntList mutableCopyWithCapacity(int capacity) {
+    if (capacity < size) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+    }
+    return new IntArrayList(Arrays.copyOf(array, capacity), size);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Integer get(int index) {
+    return getInt(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getInt(int index) {
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    return array[index];
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int size() {
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Integer set(int index, Integer element) {
+    return setInt(index, element);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int setInt(int index, int element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    int previousValue = array[index];
+    array[index] = element;
+    return previousValue;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean add(Integer element) {
+    addInt(element);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void add(int index, Integer element) {
+    addInt(index, element);
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #add(Integer)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+  @Override
+  public void addInt(int element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (size == array.length) {
+      // Resize to 1.5x the size
+      int length = ((size * 3) / 2) + 1;
+      int[] newArray = new int[length];
+
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, size);
+      array = newArray;
+    }
+
+    array[size++] = element;
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #add(int, Integer)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+  private void addInt(int index, int element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (index < 0 || index > size) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(index));
+    }
+
+    if (size < array.length) {
+      // Shift everything over to make room
+      System.arraycopy(array, index, array, index + 1, size - index);
+    } else {
+      // Resize to 1.5x the size
+      int length = ((size * 3) / 2) + 1;
+      int[] newArray = new int[length];
+
+      // Copy the first part directly
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, index);
+
+      // Copy the rest shifted over by one to make room
+      System.arraycopy(array, index, newArray, index + 1, size - index);
+      array = newArray;
+    }
+
+    array[index] = element;
+    size++;
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends Integer> collection) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+
+    checkNotNull(collection);
+
+    // We specialize when adding another IntArrayList to avoid boxing elements.
+    if (!(collection instanceof IntArrayList)) {
+      return super.addAll(collection);
+    }
+
+    IntArrayList list = (IntArrayList) collection;
+    if (list.size == 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    int overflow = Integer.MAX_VALUE - size;
+    if (overflow < list.size) {
+      // We can't actually represent a list this large.
+      throw new OutOfMemoryError();
+    }
+
+    int newSize = size + list.size;
+    if (newSize > array.length) {
+      array = Arrays.copyOf(array, newSize);
+    }
+
+    System.arraycopy(list.array, 0, array, size, list.size);
+    size = newSize;
+    modCount++;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean remove(Object o) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      if (o.equals(array[i])) {
+        System.arraycopy(array, i + 1, array, i, size - i - 1);
+        size--;
+        modCount++;
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Integer remove(int index) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    int value = array[index];
+    if (index < size - 1) {
+      System.arraycopy(array, index + 1, array, index, size - index - 1);
+    }
+    size--;
+    modCount++;
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the provided {@code index} is within the range of {@code [0, size]}. Throws an
+   * {@link IndexOutOfBoundsException} if it is not.
+   *
+   * @param index the index to verify is in range
+   */
+  private void ensureIndexInRange(int index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(index));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private String makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(int index) {
+    return "Index:" + index + ", Size:" + size;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Internal.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Internal.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0826351bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Internal.java
@@ -0,0 +1,687 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.AbstractList;
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.AbstractSet;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.RandomAccess;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * The classes contained within are used internally by the Protocol Buffer library and generated
+ * message implementations. They are public only because those generated messages do not reside in
+ * the {@code protobuf} package. Others should not use this class directly.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+ */
+public final class Internal {
+
+  private Internal() {}
+
+  static final Charset UTF_8 = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
+  static final Charset ISO_8859_1 = Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1");
+
+  /** Throws an appropriate {@link NullPointerException} if the given objects is {@code null}. */
+  static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj) {
+    if (obj == null) {
+      throw new NullPointerException();
+    }
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  /** Throws an appropriate {@link NullPointerException} if the given objects is {@code null}. */
+  static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj, String message) {
+    if (obj == null) {
+      throw new NullPointerException(message);
+    }
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper called by generated code to construct default values for string fields.
+   *
+   * <p>The protocol compiler does not actually contain a UTF-8 decoder -- it just pushes
+   * UTF-8-encoded text around without touching it. The one place where this presents a problem is
+   * when generating Java string literals. Unicode characters in the string literal would normally
+   * need to be encoded using a Unicode escape sequence, which would require decoding them. To get
+   * around this, protoc instead embeds the UTF-8 bytes into the generated code and leaves it to the
+   * runtime library to decode them.
+   *
+   * <p>It gets worse, though. If protoc just generated a byte array, like: new byte[] {0x12, 0x34,
+   * 0x56, 0x78} Java actually generates *code* which allocates an array and then fills in each
+   * value. This is much less efficient than just embedding the bytes directly into the bytecode. To
+   * get around this, we need another work-around. String literals are embedded directly, so protoc
+   * actually generates a string literal corresponding to the bytes. The easiest way to do this is
+   * to use the ISO-8859-1 character set, which corresponds to the first 256 characters of the
+   * Unicode range. Protoc can then use good old CEscape to generate the string.
+   *
+   * <p>So we have a string literal which represents a set of bytes which represents another string.
+   * This function -- stringDefaultValue -- converts from the generated string to the string we
+   * actually want. The generated code calls this automatically.
+   */
+  public static String stringDefaultValue(String bytes) {
+    return new String(bytes.getBytes(ISO_8859_1), UTF_8);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper called by generated code to construct default values for bytes fields.
+   *
+   * <p>This is a lot like {@link #stringDefaultValue}, but for bytes fields. In this case we only
+   * need the second of the two hacks -- allowing us to embed raw bytes as a string literal with
+   * ISO-8859-1 encoding.
+   */
+  public static ByteString bytesDefaultValue(String bytes) {
+    return ByteString.copyFrom(bytes.getBytes(ISO_8859_1));
+  }
+  /**
+   * Helper called by generated code to construct default values for bytes fields.
+   *
+   * <p>This is like {@link #bytesDefaultValue}, but returns a byte array.
+   */
+  public static byte[] byteArrayDefaultValue(String bytes) {
+    return bytes.getBytes(ISO_8859_1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper called by generated code to construct default values for bytes fields.
+   *
+   * <p>This is like {@link #bytesDefaultValue}, but returns a ByteBuffer.
+   */
+  public static ByteBuffer byteBufferDefaultValue(String bytes) {
+    return ByteBuffer.wrap(byteArrayDefaultValue(bytes));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new ByteBuffer and copy all the content of {@code source} ByteBuffer to the new
+   * ByteBuffer. The new ByteBuffer's limit and capacity will be source.capacity(), and its position
+   * will be 0. Note that the state of {@code source} ByteBuffer won't be changed.
+   */
+  public static ByteBuffer copyByteBuffer(ByteBuffer source) {
+    // Make a duplicate of the source ByteBuffer and read data from the
+    // duplicate. This is to avoid affecting the source ByteBuffer's state.
+    ByteBuffer temp = source.duplicate();
+    // We want to copy all the data in the source ByteBuffer, not just the
+    // remaining bytes.
+    temp.clear();
+    ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.allocate(temp.capacity());
+    result.put(temp);
+    result.clear();
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper called by generated code to determine if a byte array is a valid UTF-8 encoded string
+   * such that the original bytes can be converted to a String object and then back to a byte array
+   * round tripping the bytes without loss. More precisely, returns {@code true} whenever:
+   *
+   * <pre>{@code
+   * Arrays.equals(byteString.toByteArray(),
+   *     new String(byteString.toByteArray(), "UTF-8").getBytes("UTF-8"))
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * <p>This method rejects "overlong" byte sequences, as well as 3-byte sequences that would map to
+   * a surrogate character, in accordance with the restricted definition of UTF-8 introduced in
+   * Unicode 3.1. Note that the UTF-8 decoder included in Oracle's JDK has been modified to also
+   * reject "overlong" byte sequences, but currently (2011) still accepts 3-byte surrogate character
+   * byte sequences.
+   *
+   * <p>See the Unicode Standard,<br>
+   * Table 3-6. <em>UTF-8 Bit Distribution</em>,<br>
+   * Table 3-7. <em>Well Formed UTF-8 Byte Sequences</em>.
+   *
+   * <p>As of 2011-02, this method simply returns the result of {@link ByteString#isValidUtf8()}.
+   * Calling that method directly is preferred.
+   *
+   * @param byteString the string to check
+   * @return whether the byte array is round trippable
+   */
+  public static boolean isValidUtf8(ByteString byteString) {
+    return byteString.isValidUtf8();
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #isValidUtf8(ByteString)} but for byte arrays. */
+  public static boolean isValidUtf8(byte[] byteArray) {
+    return Utf8.isValidUtf8(byteArray);
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method to get the UTF-8 bytes of a string. */
+  public static byte[] toByteArray(String value) {
+    return value.getBytes(UTF_8);
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method to convert a byte array to a string using UTF-8 encoding. */
+  public static String toStringUtf8(byte[] bytes) {
+    return new String(bytes, UTF_8);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Interface for an enum value or value descriptor, to be used in FieldSet. The lite library
+   * stores enum values directly in FieldSets but the full library stores EnumValueDescriptors in
+   * order to better support reflection.
+   */
+  public interface EnumLite {
+    int getNumber();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Interface for an object which maps integers to {@link EnumLite}s. {@link
+   * Descriptors.EnumDescriptor} implements this interface by mapping numbers to {@link
+   * Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor}s. Additionally, every generated enum type has a static method
+   * internalGetValueMap() which returns an implementation of this type that maps numbers to enum
+   * values.
+   */
+  public interface EnumLiteMap<T extends EnumLite> {
+    T findValueByNumber(int number);
+  }
+
+  /** Interface for an object which verifies integers are in range. */
+  public interface EnumVerifier {
+    boolean isInRange(int number);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper method for implementing {@link Message#hashCode()} for longs.
+   *
+   * @see Long#hashCode()
+   */
+  public static int hashLong(long n) {
+    return (int) (n ^ (n >>> 32));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper method for implementing {@link Message#hashCode()} for booleans.
+   *
+   * @see Boolean#hashCode()
+   */
+  public static int hashBoolean(boolean b) {
+    return b ? 1231 : 1237;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper method for implementing {@link Message#hashCode()} for enums.
+   *
+   * <p>This is needed because {@link java.lang.Enum#hashCode()} is final, but we need to use the
+   * field number as the hash code to ensure compatibility between statically and dynamically
+   * generated enum objects.
+   */
+  public static int hashEnum(EnumLite e) {
+    return e.getNumber();
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method for implementing {@link Message#hashCode()} for enum lists. */
+  public static int hashEnumList(List<? extends EnumLite> list) {
+    int hash = 1;
+    for (EnumLite e : list) {
+      hash = 31 * hash + hashEnum(e);
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method for implementing {@link Message#equals(Object)} for bytes field. */
+  public static boolean equals(List<byte[]> a, List<byte[]> b) {
+    if (a.size() != b.size()) return false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); ++i) {
+      if (!Arrays.equals(a.get(i), b.get(i))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method for implementing {@link Message#hashCode()} for bytes field. */
+  public static int hashCode(List<byte[]> list) {
+    int hash = 1;
+    for (byte[] bytes : list) {
+      hash = 31 * hash + hashCode(bytes);
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method for implementing {@link Message#hashCode()} for bytes field. */
+  public static int hashCode(byte[] bytes) {
+    // The hash code for a byte array should be the same as the hash code for a
+    // ByteString with the same content. This is to ensure that the generated
+    // hashCode() method will return the same value as the pure reflection
+    // based hashCode() method.
+    return Internal.hashCode(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method for implementing {@link LiteralByteString#hashCode()}. */
+  static int hashCode(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) {
+    // The hash code for a byte array should be the same as the hash code for a
+    // ByteString with the same content. This is to ensure that the generated
+    // hashCode() method will return the same value as the pure reflection
+    // based hashCode() method.
+    int h = Internal.partialHash(length, bytes, offset, length);
+    return h == 0 ? 1 : h;
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method for continuously hashing bytes. */
+  static int partialHash(int h, byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) {
+    for (int i = offset; i < offset + length; i++) {
+      h = h * 31 + bytes[i];
+    }
+    return h;
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method for implementing {@link Message#equals(Object)} for bytes field. */
+  public static boolean equalsByteBuffer(ByteBuffer a, ByteBuffer b) {
+    if (a.capacity() != b.capacity()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // ByteBuffer.equals() will only compare the remaining bytes, but we want to
+    // compare all the content.
+    return a.duplicate().clear().equals(b.duplicate().clear());
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method for implementing {@link Message#equals(Object)} for bytes field. */
+  public static boolean equalsByteBuffer(List<ByteBuffer> a, List<ByteBuffer> b) {
+    if (a.size() != b.size()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); ++i) {
+      if (!equalsByteBuffer(a.get(i), b.get(i))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method for implementing {@link Message#hashCode()} for bytes field. */
+  public static int hashCodeByteBuffer(List<ByteBuffer> list) {
+    int hash = 1;
+    for (ByteBuffer bytes : list) {
+      hash = 31 * hash + hashCodeByteBuffer(bytes);
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
+
+  /** Helper method for implementing {@link Message#hashCode()} for bytes field. */
+  public static int hashCodeByteBuffer(ByteBuffer bytes) {
+    if (bytes.hasArray()) {
+      // Fast path.
+      int h = partialHash(bytes.capacity(), bytes.array(), bytes.arrayOffset(), bytes.capacity());
+      return h == 0 ? 1 : h;
+    } else {
+      // Read the data into a temporary byte array before calculating the
+      // hash value.
+      final int bufferSize =
+          bytes.capacity() > DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE ? DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE : bytes.capacity();
+      final byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
+      final ByteBuffer duplicated = bytes.duplicate();
+      duplicated.clear();
+      int h = bytes.capacity();
+      while (duplicated.remaining() > 0) {
+        final int length =
+            duplicated.remaining() <= bufferSize ? duplicated.remaining() : bufferSize;
+        duplicated.get(buffer, 0, length);
+        h = partialHash(h, buffer, 0, length);
+      }
+      return h == 0 ? 1 : h;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public static <T extends MessageLite> T getDefaultInstance(Class<T> clazz) {
+    try {
+      Method method = clazz.getMethod("getDefaultInstance");
+      return (T) method.invoke(method);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Failed to get default instance for " + clazz, e);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /** An empty byte array constant used in generated code. */
+  public static final byte[] EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY = new byte[0];
+
+  /** An empty byte array constant used in generated code. */
+  public static final ByteBuffer EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER = ByteBuffer.wrap(EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY);
+
+  /** An empty coded input stream constant used in generated code. */
+  public static final CodedInputStream EMPTY_CODED_INPUT_STREAM =
+      CodedInputStream.newInstance(EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY);
+
+
+  /** Helper method to merge two MessageLite instances. */
+  static Object mergeMessage(Object destination, Object source) {
+    return ((MessageLite) destination).toBuilder().mergeFrom((MessageLite) source).buildPartial();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Provides an immutable view of {@code List<T>} around a {@code List<F>}.
+   *
+   * <p>Protobuf internal. Used in protobuf generated code only.
+   */
+  public static class ListAdapter<F, T> extends AbstractList<T> {
+    /** Convert individual elements of the List from F to T. */
+    public interface Converter<F, T> {
+      T convert(F from);
+    }
+
+    private final List<F> fromList;
+    private final Converter<F, T> converter;
+
+    public ListAdapter(List<F> fromList, Converter<F, T> converter) {
+      this.fromList = fromList;
+      this.converter = converter;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T get(int index) {
+      return converter.convert(fromList.get(index));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+      return fromList.size();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Wrap around a {@code Map<K, RealValue>} and provide a {@code Map<K, V>} interface. */
+  public static class MapAdapter<K, V, RealValue> extends AbstractMap<K, V> {
+    /** An interface used to convert between two types. */
+    public interface Converter<A, B> {
+      B doForward(A object);
+
+      A doBackward(B object);
+    }
+
+    public static <T extends EnumLite> Converter<Integer, T> newEnumConverter(
+        final EnumLiteMap<T> enumMap, final T unrecognizedValue) {
+      return new Converter<Integer, T>() {
+        @Override
+        public T doForward(Integer value) {
+          T result = enumMap.findValueByNumber(value);
+          return result == null ? unrecognizedValue : result;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Integer doBackward(T value) {
+          return value.getNumber();
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+    private final Map<K, RealValue> realMap;
+    private final Converter<RealValue, V> valueConverter;
+
+    public MapAdapter(Map<K, RealValue> realMap, Converter<RealValue, V> valueConverter) {
+      this.realMap = realMap;
+      this.valueConverter = valueConverter;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Override
+    public V get(Object key) {
+      RealValue result = realMap.get(key);
+      if (result == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return valueConverter.doForward(result);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public V put(K key, V value) {
+      RealValue oldValue = realMap.put(key, valueConverter.doBackward(value));
+      if (oldValue == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return valueConverter.doForward(oldValue);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Set<java.util.Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet() {
+      return new SetAdapter(realMap.entrySet());
+    }
+
+    private class SetAdapter extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K, V>> {
+      private final Set<Map.Entry<K, RealValue>> realSet;
+
+      public SetAdapter(Set<Map.Entry<K, RealValue>> realSet) {
+        this.realSet = realSet;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Iterator<java.util.Map.Entry<K, V>> iterator() {
+        return new IteratorAdapter(realSet.iterator());
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int size() {
+        return realSet.size();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private class IteratorAdapter implements Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> {
+      private final Iterator<Map.Entry<K, RealValue>> realIterator;
+
+      public IteratorAdapter(Iterator<Map.Entry<K, RealValue>> realIterator) {
+        this.realIterator = realIterator;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean hasNext() {
+        return realIterator.hasNext();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public java.util.Map.Entry<K, V> next() {
+        return new EntryAdapter(realIterator.next());
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void remove() {
+        realIterator.remove();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private class EntryAdapter implements Map.Entry<K, V> {
+      private final Map.Entry<K, RealValue> realEntry;
+
+      public EntryAdapter(Map.Entry<K, RealValue> realEntry) {
+        this.realEntry = realEntry;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public K getKey() {
+        return realEntry.getKey();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public V getValue() {
+        return valueConverter.doForward(realEntry.getValue());
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public V setValue(V value) {
+        RealValue oldValue = realEntry.setValue(valueConverter.doBackward(value));
+        if (oldValue == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        return valueConverter.doForward(oldValue);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (o == this) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        Map.Entry<?, ?> other = (Map.Entry<?, ?>) o;
+        return getKey().equals(other.getKey()) && getValue().equals(getValue());
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int hashCode() {
+        return realEntry.hashCode();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Extends {@link List} to add the capability to make the list immutable and inspect if it is
+   * modifiable.
+   *
+   * <p>All implementations must support efficient random access.
+   */
+  public static interface ProtobufList<E> extends List<E>, RandomAccess {
+
+    /**
+     * Makes this list immutable. All subsequent modifications will throw an {@link
+     * UnsupportedOperationException}.
+     */
+    void makeImmutable();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether this list can be modified via the publicly accessible {@link List} methods.
+     */
+    boolean isModifiable();
+
+    /** Returns a mutable clone of this list with the specified capacity. */
+    ProtobufList<E> mutableCopyWithCapacity(int capacity);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A {@link java.util.List} implementation that avoids boxing the elements into Integers if
+   * possible. Does not support null elements.
+   */
+  public static interface IntList extends ProtobufList<Integer> {
+
+    /** Like {@link #get(int)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the returned value. */
+    int getInt(int index);
+
+    /** Like {@link #add(Object)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+    void addInt(int element);
+
+    /** Like {@link #set(int, Object)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+    int setInt(int index, int element);
+
+    /** Returns a mutable clone of this list with the specified capacity. */
+    @Override
+    IntList mutableCopyWithCapacity(int capacity);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A {@link java.util.List} implementation that avoids boxing the elements into Booleans if
+   * possible. Does not support null elements.
+   */
+  public static interface BooleanList extends ProtobufList<Boolean> {
+
+    /** Like {@link #get(int)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the returned value. */
+    boolean getBoolean(int index);
+
+    /** Like {@link #add(Object)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+    void addBoolean(boolean element);
+
+    /** Like {@link #set(int, Object)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+    boolean setBoolean(int index, boolean element);
+
+    /** Returns a mutable clone of this list with the specified capacity. */
+    @Override
+    BooleanList mutableCopyWithCapacity(int capacity);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A {@link java.util.List} implementation that avoids boxing the elements into Longs if possible.
+   * Does not support null elements.
+   */
+  public static interface LongList extends ProtobufList<Long> {
+
+    /** Like {@link #get(int)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the returned value. */
+    long getLong(int index);
+
+    /** Like {@link #add(Object)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+    void addLong(long element);
+
+    /** Like {@link #set(int, Object)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+    long setLong(int index, long element);
+
+    /** Returns a mutable clone of this list with the specified capacity. */
+    @Override
+    LongList mutableCopyWithCapacity(int capacity);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A {@link java.util.List} implementation that avoids boxing the elements into Doubles if
+   * possible. Does not support null elements.
+   */
+  public static interface DoubleList extends ProtobufList<Double> {
+
+    /** Like {@link #get(int)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the returned value. */
+    double getDouble(int index);
+
+    /** Like {@link #add(Object)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+    void addDouble(double element);
+
+    /** Like {@link #set(int, Object)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+    double setDouble(int index, double element);
+
+    /** Returns a mutable clone of this list with the specified capacity. */
+    @Override
+    DoubleList mutableCopyWithCapacity(int capacity);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A {@link java.util.List} implementation that avoids boxing the elements into Floats if
+   * possible. Does not support null elements.
+   */
+  public static interface FloatList extends ProtobufList<Float> {
+
+    /** Like {@link #get(int)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the returned value. */
+    float getFloat(int index);
+
+    /** Like {@link #add(Object)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+    void addFloat(float element);
+
+    /** Like {@link #set(int, Object)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+    float setFloat(int index, float element);
+
+    /** Returns a mutable clone of this list with the specified capacity. */
+    @Override
+    FloatList mutableCopyWithCapacity(int capacity);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22f31bbc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when a protocol message being parsed is invalid in some way, e.g. it contains a malformed
+ * varint or a negative byte length.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class InvalidProtocolBufferException extends IOException {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = -1616151763072450476L;
+  private MessageLite unfinishedMessage = null;
+
+  public InvalidProtocolBufferException(final String description) {
+    super(description);
+  }
+
+  public InvalidProtocolBufferException(IOException e) {
+    super(e.getMessage(), e);
+  }
+
+  public InvalidProtocolBufferException(final String description, IOException e) {
+    super(description, e);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attaches an unfinished message to the exception to support best-effort parsing in {@code
+   * Parser} interface.
+   *
+   * @return this
+   */
+  public InvalidProtocolBufferException setUnfinishedMessage(MessageLite unfinishedMessage) {
+    this.unfinishedMessage = unfinishedMessage;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the unfinished message attached to the exception, or null if no message is attached.
+   */
+  public MessageLite getUnfinishedMessage() {
+    return unfinishedMessage;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Unwraps the underlying {@link IOException} if this exception was caused by an I/O problem.
+   * Otherwise, returns {@code this}.
+   */
+  public IOException unwrapIOException() {
+    return getCause() instanceof IOException ? (IOException) getCause() : this;
+  }
+
+  static InvalidProtocolBufferException truncatedMessage() {
+    return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+        "While parsing a protocol message, the input ended unexpectedly "
+            + "in the middle of a field.  This could mean either that the "
+            + "input has been truncated or that an embedded message "
+            + "misreported its own length.");
+  }
+
+  static InvalidProtocolBufferException negativeSize() {
+    return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+        "CodedInputStream encountered an embedded string or message "
+            + "which claimed to have negative size.");
+  }
+
+  static InvalidProtocolBufferException malformedVarint() {
+    return new InvalidProtocolBufferException("CodedInputStream encountered a malformed varint.");
+  }
+
+  static InvalidProtocolBufferException invalidTag() {
+    return new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Protocol message contained an invalid tag (zero).");
+  }
+
+  static InvalidProtocolBufferException invalidEndTag() {
+    return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+        "Protocol message end-group tag did not match expected tag.");
+  }
+
+  static InvalidWireTypeException invalidWireType() {
+    return new InvalidWireTypeException("Protocol message tag had invalid wire type.");
+  }
+
+  /** Exception indicating that and unexpected wire type was encountered for a field. */
+  @ExperimentalApi
+  public static class InvalidWireTypeException extends InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3283890091615336259L;
+
+    public InvalidWireTypeException(String description) {
+      super(description);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static InvalidProtocolBufferException recursionLimitExceeded() {
+    return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+        "Protocol message had too many levels of nesting.  May be malicious.  "
+            + "Use CodedInputStream.setRecursionLimit() to increase the depth limit.");
+  }
+
+  static InvalidProtocolBufferException sizeLimitExceeded() {
+    return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+        "Protocol message was too large.  May be malicious.  "
+            + "Use CodedInputStream.setSizeLimit() to increase the size limit.");
+  }
+
+  static InvalidProtocolBufferException parseFailure() {
+    return new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Failed to parse the message.");
+  }
+
+  static InvalidProtocolBufferException invalidUtf8() {
+    return new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Protocol message had invalid UTF-8.");
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/IterableByteBufferInputStream.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/IterableByteBufferInputStream.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..713e80646
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/IterableByteBufferInputStream.java
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+class IterableByteBufferInputStream extends InputStream {
+  /** The {@link Iterator} with type {@link ByteBuffer} of {@code input} */
+  private Iterator<ByteBuffer> iterator;
+  /** The current ByteBuffer; */
+  private ByteBuffer currentByteBuffer;
+  /** The number of ByteBuffers in the input data. */
+  private int dataSize;
+  /**
+   * Current {@code ByteBuffer}'s index
+   *
+   * <p>If index equals dataSize, then all the data in the InputStream has been consumed
+   */
+  private int currentIndex;
+  /** The current position for current ByteBuffer */
+  private int currentByteBufferPos;
+  /** Whether current ByteBuffer has an array */
+  private boolean hasArray;
+  /**
+   * If the current ByteBuffer is unsafe-direct based, currentArray is null; otherwise should be the
+   * array inside ByteBuffer.
+   */
+  private byte[] currentArray;
+  /** Current ByteBuffer's array offset */
+  private int currentArrayOffset;
+  /**
+   * If the current ByteBuffer is unsafe-direct based, currentAddress is the start address of this
+   * ByteBuffer; otherwise should be zero.
+   */
+  private long currentAddress;
+
+  IterableByteBufferInputStream(Iterable<ByteBuffer> data) {
+    iterator = data.iterator();
+    dataSize = 0;
+    for (ByteBuffer unused : data) {
+      dataSize++;
+    }
+    currentIndex = -1;
+
+    if (!getNextByteBuffer()) {
+      currentByteBuffer = EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
+      currentIndex = 0;
+      currentByteBufferPos = 0;
+      currentAddress = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean getNextByteBuffer() {
+    currentIndex++;
+    if (!iterator.hasNext()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    currentByteBuffer = iterator.next();
+    currentByteBufferPos = currentByteBuffer.position();
+    if (currentByteBuffer.hasArray()) {
+      hasArray = true;
+      currentArray = currentByteBuffer.array();
+      currentArrayOffset = currentByteBuffer.arrayOffset();
+    } else {
+      hasArray = false;
+      currentAddress = UnsafeUtil.addressOffset(currentByteBuffer);
+      currentArray = null;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private void updateCurrentByteBufferPos(int numberOfBytesRead) {
+    currentByteBufferPos += numberOfBytesRead;
+    if (currentByteBufferPos == currentByteBuffer.limit()) {
+      getNextByteBuffer();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int read() throws IOException {
+    if (currentIndex == dataSize) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (hasArray) {
+      int result = currentArray[currentByteBufferPos + currentArrayOffset] & 0xFF;
+      updateCurrentByteBufferPos(1);
+      return result;
+    } else {
+      int result = UnsafeUtil.getByte(currentByteBufferPos + currentAddress) & 0xFF;
+      updateCurrentByteBufferPos(1);
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int read(byte[] output, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+    if (currentIndex == dataSize) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    int remaining = currentByteBuffer.limit() - currentByteBufferPos;
+    if (length > remaining) {
+      length = remaining;
+    }
+    if (hasArray) {
+      System.arraycopy(
+          currentArray, currentByteBufferPos + currentArrayOffset, output, offset, length);
+      updateCurrentByteBufferPos(length);
+    } else {
+      int prevPos = currentByteBuffer.position();
+      currentByteBuffer.position(currentByteBufferPos);
+      currentByteBuffer.get(output, offset, length);
+      currentByteBuffer.position(prevPos);
+      updateCurrentByteBufferPos(length);
+    }
+    return length;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/JavaType.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/JavaType.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..770aa9ef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/JavaType.java
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/** Enum that identifies the Java types required to store protobuf fields. */
+@ExperimentalApi
+public enum JavaType {
+  VOID(Void.class, Void.class, null),
+  INT(int.class, Integer.class, 0),
+  LONG(long.class, Long.class, 0L),
+  FLOAT(float.class, Float.class, 0F),
+  DOUBLE(double.class, Double.class, 0D),
+  BOOLEAN(boolean.class, Boolean.class, false),
+  STRING(String.class, String.class, ""),
+  BYTE_STRING(ByteString.class, ByteString.class, ByteString.EMPTY),
+  ENUM(int.class, Integer.class, null),
+  MESSAGE(Object.class, Object.class, null);
+
+  private final Class<?> type;
+  private final Class<?> boxedType;
+  private final Object defaultDefault;
+
+  JavaType(Class<?> type, Class<?> boxedType, Object defaultDefault) {
+    this.type = type;
+    this.boxedType = boxedType;
+    this.defaultDefault = defaultDefault;
+  }
+
+  /** The default default value for fields of this type, if it's a primitive type. */
+  public Object getDefaultDefault() {
+    return defaultDefault;
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the required type for a field that would hold a value of this type. */
+  public Class<?> getType() {
+    return type;
+  }
+
+  /** @return the boxedType */
+  public Class<?> getBoxedType() {
+    return boxedType;
+  }
+
+  /** Indicates whether or not this {@link JavaType} can be applied to a field of the given type. */
+  public boolean isValidType(Class<?> t) {
+    return type.isAssignableFrom(t);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyField.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyField.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..891171d7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyField.java
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+
+/**
+ * LazyField encapsulates the logic of lazily parsing message fields. It stores the message in a
+ * ByteString initially and then parse it on-demand.
+ *
+ * <p>Most of key methods are implemented in {@link LazyFieldLite} but this class can contain
+ * default instance of the message to provide {@code hashCode()}, {@code euqals()} and {@code
+ * toString()}.
+ *
+ * @author xiangl@google.com (Xiang Li)
+ */
+public class LazyField extends LazyFieldLite {
+
+  /**
+   * Carry a message's default instance which is used by {@code hashCode()}, {@code euqals()} and
+   * {@code toString()}.
+   */
+  private final MessageLite defaultInstance;
+
+  public LazyField(
+      MessageLite defaultInstance, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry, ByteString bytes) {
+    super(extensionRegistry, bytes);
+
+    this.defaultInstance = defaultInstance;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean containsDefaultInstance() {
+    return super.containsDefaultInstance() || value == defaultInstance;
+  }
+
+  public MessageLite getValue() {
+    return getValue(defaultInstance);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return getValue().hashCode();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+    return getValue().equals(obj);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return getValue().toString();
+  }
+
+  // ====================================================
+
+  /**
+   * LazyEntry and LazyIterator are used to encapsulate the LazyField, when users iterate all fields
+   * from FieldSet.
+   */
+  static class LazyEntry<K> implements Entry<K, Object> {
+    private Entry<K, LazyField> entry;
+
+    private LazyEntry(Entry<K, LazyField> entry) {
+      this.entry = entry;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public K getKey() {
+      return entry.getKey();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getValue() {
+      LazyField field = entry.getValue();
+      if (field == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return field.getValue();
+    }
+
+    public LazyField getField() {
+      return entry.getValue();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object setValue(Object value) {
+      if (!(value instanceof MessageLite)) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "LazyField now only used for MessageSet, "
+                + "and the value of MessageSet must be an instance of MessageLite");
+      }
+      return entry.getValue().setValue((MessageLite) value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static class LazyIterator<K> implements Iterator<Entry<K, Object>> {
+    private Iterator<Entry<K, Object>> iterator;
+
+    public LazyIterator(Iterator<Entry<K, Object>> iterator) {
+      this.iterator = iterator;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasNext() {
+      return iterator.hasNext();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public Entry<K, Object> next() {
+      Entry<K, ?> entry = iterator.next();
+      if (entry.getValue() instanceof LazyField) {
+        return new LazyEntry<K>((Entry<K, LazyField>) entry);
+      }
+      return (Entry<K, Object>) entry;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void remove() {
+      iterator.remove();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldLite.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6b594d38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * LazyFieldLite encapsulates the logic of lazily parsing message fields. It stores the message in a
+ * ByteString initially and then parses it on-demand.
+ *
+ * <p>LazyFieldLite is thread-compatible: concurrent reads are safe once the proto that this
+ * LazyFieldLite is a part of is no longer being mutated by its Builder. However, explicit
+ * synchronization is needed under read/write situations.
+ *
+ * <p>When a LazyFieldLite is used in the context of a MessageLite object, its behavior is
+ * considered to be immutable and none of the setter methods in its API are expected to be invoked.
+ * All of the getters are expected to be thread-safe. When used in the context of a
+ * MessageLite.Builder, setters can be invoked, but there is no guarantee of thread safety.
+ *
+ * <p>TODO(yatin,dweis): Consider splitting this class's functionality and put the mutable methods
+ * into a separate builder class to allow us to give stronger compile-time guarantees.
+ *
+ * <p>This class is internal implementation detail of the protobuf library, so you don't need to use
+ * it directly.
+ *
+ * @author xiangl@google.com (Xiang Li)
+ */
+public class LazyFieldLite {
+  private static final ExtensionRegistryLite EMPTY_REGISTRY =
+      ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry();
+
+  /*
+   * The value associated with the LazyFieldLite object is stored in one or more of the following
+   * three fields (delayedBytes, value, memoizedBytes). They should together be interpreted as
+   * follows.
+   *
+   * 1) delayedBytes can be non-null, while value and memoizedBytes is null. The object will be in
+   * this state while the value for the object has not yet been parsed.
+   *
+   * 2) Both delayedBytes and value are non-null. The object transitions to this state as soon as
+   * some caller needs to access the value (by invoking getValue()).
+   *
+   * 3) memoizedBytes is merely an optimization for calls to LazyFieldLite.toByteString() to avoid
+   * recomputing the ByteString representation on each call. Instead, when the value is parsed from
+   * delayedBytes, we will also assign the contents of delayedBytes to memoizedBytes (since that is
+   * the ByteString representation of value).
+   *
+   * 4) Finally, if the LazyFieldLite was created directly with a parsed MessageLite value, then
+   * delayedBytes will be null, and memoizedBytes will be initialized only upon the first call to
+   * LazyFieldLite.toByteString().
+   *
+   * <p>Given the above conditions, any caller that needs a serialized representation of this object
+   * must first check if the memoizedBytes or delayedBytes ByteString is non-null and use it
+   * directly; if both of those are null, it can look at the parsed value field. Similarly, any
+   * caller that needs a parsed value must first check if the value field is already non-null, if
+   * not it must parse the value from delayedBytes.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * A delayed-parsed version of the contents of this field. When this field is non-null, then the
+   * "value" field is allowed to be null until the time that the value needs to be read.
+   *
+   * <p>When delayedBytes is non-null then {@code extensionRegistry} is required to also be
+   * non-null. {@code value} and {@code memoizedBytes} will be initialized lazily.
+   */
+  private ByteString delayedBytes;
+
+  /**
+   * An {@code ExtensionRegistryLite} for parsing bytes. It is non-null on a best-effort basis. It
+   * is only guaranteed to be non-null if this message was initialized using bytes and an {@code
+   * ExtensionRegistry}. If it directly had a value set then it will be null, unless it has been
+   * merged with another {@code LazyFieldLite} that had an {@code ExtensionRegistry}.
+   */
+  private ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry;
+
+  /**
+   * The parsed value. When this is null and a caller needs access to the MessageLite value, then
+   * {@code delayedBytes} will be parsed lazily at that time.
+   */
+  protected volatile MessageLite value;
+
+  /**
+   * The memoized bytes for {@code value}. This is an optimization for the toByteString() method to
+   * not have to recompute its return-value on each invocation. TODO(yatin): Figure out whether this
+   * optimization is actually necessary.
+   */
+  private volatile ByteString memoizedBytes;
+
+  /** Constructs a LazyFieldLite with bytes that will be parsed lazily. */
+  public LazyFieldLite(ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry, ByteString bytes) {
+    checkArguments(extensionRegistry, bytes);
+    this.extensionRegistry = extensionRegistry;
+    this.delayedBytes = bytes;
+  }
+
+  /** Constructs a LazyFieldLite with no contents, and no ability to parse extensions. */
+  public LazyFieldLite() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a LazyFieldLite instance with a value. The LazyFieldLite may not be able to parse
+   * the extensions in the value as it has no ExtensionRegistry.
+   */
+  public static LazyFieldLite fromValue(MessageLite value) {
+    LazyFieldLite lf = new LazyFieldLite();
+    lf.setValue(value);
+    return lf;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!(o instanceof LazyFieldLite)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    LazyFieldLite other = (LazyFieldLite) o;
+
+    // Lazy fields do not work well with equals... If both are delayedBytes, we do not have a
+    // mechanism to deserialize them so we rely on bytes equality. Otherwise we coerce into an
+    // actual message (if necessary) and call equals on the message itself. This implies that two
+    // messages can by unequal but then be turned equal simply be invoking a getter on a lazy field.
+    MessageLite value1 = value;
+    MessageLite value2 = other.value;
+    if (value1 == null && value2 == null) {
+      return toByteString().equals(other.toByteString());
+    } else if (value1 != null && value2 != null) {
+      return value1.equals(value2);
+    } else if (value1 != null) {
+      return value1.equals(other.getValue(value1.getDefaultInstanceForType()));
+    } else {
+      return getValue(value2.getDefaultInstanceForType()).equals(value2);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    // We can't provide a memoizable hash code for lazy fields. The byte strings may have different
+    // hash codes but evaluate to equivalent messages. And we have no facility for constructing
+    // a message here if we were not already holding a value.
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines whether this LazyFieldLite instance represents the default instance of this type.
+   */
+  public boolean containsDefaultInstance() {
+    return memoizedBytes == ByteString.EMPTY
+        || value == null && (delayedBytes == null || delayedBytes == ByteString.EMPTY);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clears the value state of this instance.
+   *
+   * <p>LazyField is not thread-safe for write access. Synchronizations are needed under read/write
+   * situations.
+   */
+  public void clear() {
+    // Don't clear the ExtensionRegistry. It might prove useful later on when merging in another
+    // value, but there is no guarantee that it will contain all extensions that were directly set
+    // on the values that need to be merged.
+    delayedBytes = null;
+    value = null;
+    memoizedBytes = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Overrides the contents of this LazyField.
+   *
+   * <p>LazyField is not thread-safe for write access. Synchronizations are needed under read/write
+   * situations.
+   */
+  public void set(LazyFieldLite other) {
+    this.delayedBytes = other.delayedBytes;
+    this.value = other.value;
+    this.memoizedBytes = other.memoizedBytes;
+    // If the other LazyFieldLite was created by directly setting the value rather than first by
+    // parsing, then it will not have an extensionRegistry. In this case we hold on to the existing
+    // extensionRegistry, which has no guarantees that it has all the extensions that will be
+    // directly set on the value.
+    if (other.extensionRegistry != null) {
+      this.extensionRegistry = other.extensionRegistry;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns message instance. It may do some thread-safe delayed parsing of bytes.
+   *
+   * @param defaultInstance its message's default instance. It's also used to get parser for the
+   *     message type.
+   */
+  public MessageLite getValue(MessageLite defaultInstance) {
+    ensureInitialized(defaultInstance);
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the value of the instance and returns the old value without delay parsing anything.
+   *
+   * <p>LazyField is not thread-safe for write access. Synchronizations are needed under read/write
+   * situations.
+   */
+  public MessageLite setValue(MessageLite value) {
+    MessageLite originalValue = this.value;
+    this.delayedBytes = null;
+    this.memoizedBytes = null;
+    this.value = value;
+    return originalValue;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merges another instance's contents. In some cases may drop some extensions if both fields
+   * contain data. If the other field has an {@code ExtensionRegistry} but this does not, then this
+   * field will copy over that {@code ExtensionRegistry}.
+   *
+   * <p>LazyField is not thread-safe for write access. Synchronizations are needed under read/write
+   * situations.
+   */
+  public void merge(LazyFieldLite other) {
+    if (other.containsDefaultInstance()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (this.containsDefaultInstance()) {
+      set(other);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // If the other field has an extension registry but this does not, copy over the other extension
+    // registry.
+    if (this.extensionRegistry == null) {
+      this.extensionRegistry = other.extensionRegistry;
+    }
+
+    // In the case that both of them are not parsed we simply concatenate the bytes to save time. In
+    // the (probably rare) case that they have different extension registries there is a chance that
+    // some of the extensions may be dropped, but the tradeoff of making this operation fast seems
+    // to outway the benefits of combining the extension registries, which is not normally done for
+    // lite protos anyways.
+    if (this.delayedBytes != null && other.delayedBytes != null) {
+      this.delayedBytes = this.delayedBytes.concat(other.delayedBytes);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // At least one is parsed and both contain data. We won't drop any extensions here directly, but
+    // in the case that the extension registries are not the same then we might in the future if we
+    // need to serialze and parse a message again.
+    if (this.value == null && other.value != null) {
+      setValue(mergeValueAndBytes(other.value, this.delayedBytes, this.extensionRegistry));
+      return;
+    } else if (this.value != null && other.value == null) {
+      setValue(mergeValueAndBytes(this.value, other.delayedBytes, other.extensionRegistry));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // At this point we have two fully parsed messages.
+    setValue(this.value.toBuilder().mergeFrom(other.value).build());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merges another instance's contents from a stream.
+   *
+   * <p>LazyField is not thread-safe for write access. Synchronizations are needed under read/write
+   * situations.
+   */
+  public void mergeFrom(CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (this.containsDefaultInstance()) {
+      setByteString(input.readBytes(), extensionRegistry);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // If the other field has an extension registry but this does not, copy over the other extension
+    // registry.
+    if (this.extensionRegistry == null) {
+      this.extensionRegistry = extensionRegistry;
+    }
+
+    // In the case that both of them are not parsed we simply concatenate the bytes to save time. In
+    // the (probably rare) case that they have different extension registries there is a chance that
+    // some of the extensions may be dropped, but the tradeoff of making this operation fast seems
+    // to outway the benefits of combining the extension registries, which is not normally done for
+    // lite protos anyways.
+    if (this.delayedBytes != null) {
+      setByteString(this.delayedBytes.concat(input.readBytes()), this.extensionRegistry);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // We are parsed and both contain data. We won't drop any extensions here directly, but in the
+    // case that the extension registries are not the same then we might in the future if we
+    // need to serialize and parse a message again.
+    try {
+      setValue(value.toBuilder().mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry).build());
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Nothing is logged and no exceptions are thrown. Clients will be unaware that a proto
+      // was invalid.
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static MessageLite mergeValueAndBytes(
+      MessageLite value, ByteString otherBytes, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) {
+    try {
+      return value.toBuilder().mergeFrom(otherBytes, extensionRegistry).build();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Nothing is logged and no exceptions are thrown. Clients will be unaware that a proto
+      // was invalid.
+      return value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Sets this field with bytes to delay-parse. */
+  public void setByteString(ByteString bytes, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) {
+    checkArguments(extensionRegistry, bytes);
+    this.delayedBytes = bytes;
+    this.extensionRegistry = extensionRegistry;
+    this.value = null;
+    this.memoizedBytes = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Due to the optional field can be duplicated at the end of serialized bytes, which will make the
+   * serialized size changed after LazyField parsed. Be careful when using this method.
+   */
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    // We *must* return delayed bytes size if it was ever set because the dependent messages may
+    // have memoized serialized size based off of it.
+    if (memoizedBytes != null) {
+      return memoizedBytes.size();
+    } else if (delayedBytes != null) {
+      return delayedBytes.size();
+    } else if (value != null) {
+      return value.getSerializedSize();
+    } else {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Returns a BytesString for this field in a thread-safe way. */
+  public ByteString toByteString() {
+    if (memoizedBytes != null) {
+      return memoizedBytes;
+    }
+    // We *must* return delayed bytes if it was set because the dependent messages may have
+    // memoized serialized size based off of it.
+    if (delayedBytes != null) {
+      return delayedBytes;
+    }
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (memoizedBytes != null) {
+        return memoizedBytes;
+      }
+      if (value == null) {
+        memoizedBytes = ByteString.EMPTY;
+      } else {
+        memoizedBytes = value.toByteString();
+      }
+      return memoizedBytes;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Writes this lazy field into a {@link Writer}. */
+  void writeTo(Writer writer, int fieldNumber) throws IOException {
+    if (memoizedBytes != null) {
+      writer.writeBytes(fieldNumber, memoizedBytes);
+    } else if (delayedBytes != null) {
+      writer.writeBytes(fieldNumber, delayedBytes);
+    } else if (value != null) {
+      writer.writeMessage(fieldNumber, value);
+    } else {
+      writer.writeBytes(fieldNumber, ByteString.EMPTY);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Might lazily parse the bytes that were previously passed in. Is thread-safe. */
+  protected void ensureInitialized(MessageLite defaultInstance) {
+    if (value != null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (value != null) {
+        return;
+      }
+      try {
+        if (delayedBytes != null) {
+          // The extensionRegistry shouldn't be null here since we have delayedBytes.
+          MessageLite parsedValue =
+              defaultInstance.getParserForType().parseFrom(delayedBytes, extensionRegistry);
+          this.value = parsedValue;
+          this.memoizedBytes = delayedBytes;
+        } else {
+          this.value = defaultInstance;
+          this.memoizedBytes = ByteString.EMPTY;
+        }
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        // Nothing is logged and no exceptions are thrown. Clients will be unaware that this proto
+        // was invalid.
+        this.value = defaultInstance;
+        this.memoizedBytes = ByteString.EMPTY;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void checkArguments(ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry, ByteString bytes) {
+    if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+      throw new NullPointerException("found null ExtensionRegistry");
+    }
+    if (bytes == null) {
+      throw new NullPointerException("found null ByteString");
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringArrayList.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringArrayList.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a2de6f9cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringArrayList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.util.AbstractList;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.RandomAccess;
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of {@link LazyStringList} that wraps an ArrayList. Each element is one of
+ * String, ByteString, or byte[]. It caches the last one requested which is most likely the one
+ * needed next. This minimizes memory usage while satisfying the most common use cases.
+ *
+ * <p><strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong> If multiple threads access
+ * an <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance concurrently, and at least one of the threads modifies the list
+ * structurally, it <i>must</i> be synchronized externally. (A structural modification is any
+ * operation that adds or deletes one or more elements, or explicitly resizes the backing array;
+ * merely setting the value of an element is not a structural modification.) This is typically
+ * accomplished by synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the list.
+ *
+ * <p>If the implementation is accessed via concurrent reads, this is thread safe. Conversions are
+ * done in a thread safe manner. It's possible that the conversion may happen more than once if two
+ * threads attempt to access the same element and the modifications were not visible to each other,
+ * but this will not result in any corruption of the list or change in behavior other than
+ * performance.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class LazyStringArrayList extends AbstractProtobufList<String>
+    implements LazyStringList, RandomAccess {
+
+  private static final LazyStringArrayList EMPTY_LIST = new LazyStringArrayList();
+
+  static {
+    EMPTY_LIST.makeImmutable();
+  }
+
+  static LazyStringArrayList emptyList() {
+    return EMPTY_LIST;
+  }
+
+  // For compatibility with older runtimes.
+  public static final LazyStringList EMPTY = EMPTY_LIST;
+
+  private final List<Object> list;
+
+  public LazyStringArrayList() {
+    this(DEFAULT_CAPACITY);
+  }
+
+  public LazyStringArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
+    this(new ArrayList<Object>(initialCapacity));
+  }
+
+  public LazyStringArrayList(LazyStringList from) {
+    list = new ArrayList<Object>(from.size());
+    addAll(from);
+  }
+
+  public LazyStringArrayList(List<String> from) {
+    this(new ArrayList<Object>(from));
+  }
+
+  private LazyStringArrayList(ArrayList<Object> list) {
+    this.list = list;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public LazyStringArrayList mutableCopyWithCapacity(int capacity) {
+    if (capacity < size()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+    }
+    ArrayList<Object> newList = new ArrayList<Object>(capacity);
+    newList.addAll(list);
+    return new LazyStringArrayList(newList);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String get(int index) {
+    Object o = list.get(index);
+    if (o instanceof String) {
+      return (String) o;
+    } else if (o instanceof ByteString) {
+      ByteString bs = (ByteString) o;
+      String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
+      if (bs.isValidUtf8()) {
+        list.set(index, s);
+      }
+      return s;
+    } else {
+      byte[] ba = (byte[]) o;
+      String s = Internal.toStringUtf8(ba);
+      if (Internal.isValidUtf8(ba)) {
+        list.set(index, s);
+      }
+      return s;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int size() {
+    return list.size();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String set(int index, String s) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    Object o = list.set(index, s);
+    return asString(o);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void add(int index, String element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    list.add(index, element);
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  private void add(int index, ByteString element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    list.add(index, element);
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  private void add(int index, byte[] element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    list.add(index, element);
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends String> c) {
+    // The default implementation of AbstractCollection.addAll(Collection)
+    // delegates to add(Object). This implementation instead delegates to
+    // addAll(int, Collection), which makes a special case for Collections
+    // which are instances of LazyStringList.
+    return addAll(size(), c);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends String> c) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    // When copying from another LazyStringList, directly copy the underlying
+    // elements rather than forcing each element to be decoded to a String.
+    Collection<?> collection =
+        c instanceof LazyStringList ? ((LazyStringList) c).getUnderlyingElements() : c;
+    boolean ret = list.addAll(index, collection);
+    modCount++;
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAllByteString(Collection<? extends ByteString> values) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    boolean ret = list.addAll(values);
+    modCount++;
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAllByteArray(Collection<byte[]> c) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    boolean ret = list.addAll(c);
+    modCount++;
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String remove(int index) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    Object o = list.remove(index);
+    modCount++;
+    return asString(o);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void clear() {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    list.clear();
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void add(ByteString element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    list.add(element);
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void add(byte[] element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    list.add(element);
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object getRaw(int index) {
+    return list.get(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ByteString getByteString(int index) {
+    Object o = list.get(index);
+    ByteString b = asByteString(o);
+    if (b != o) {
+      list.set(index, b);
+    }
+    return b;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public byte[] getByteArray(int index) {
+    Object o = list.get(index);
+    byte[] b = asByteArray(o);
+    if (b != o) {
+      list.set(index, b);
+    }
+    return b;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void set(int index, ByteString s) {
+    setAndReturn(index, s);
+  }
+
+  private Object setAndReturn(int index, ByteString s) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return list.set(index, s);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void set(int index, byte[] s) {
+    setAndReturn(index, s);
+  }
+
+  private Object setAndReturn(int index, byte[] s) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return list.set(index, s);
+  }
+
+  private static String asString(Object o) {
+    if (o instanceof String) {
+      return (String) o;
+    } else if (o instanceof ByteString) {
+      return ((ByteString) o).toStringUtf8();
+    } else {
+      return Internal.toStringUtf8((byte[]) o);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static ByteString asByteString(Object o) {
+    if (o instanceof ByteString) {
+      return (ByteString) o;
+    } else if (o instanceof String) {
+      return ByteString.copyFromUtf8((String) o);
+    } else {
+      return ByteString.copyFrom((byte[]) o);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static byte[] asByteArray(Object o) {
+    if (o instanceof byte[]) {
+      return (byte[]) o;
+    } else if (o instanceof String) {
+      return Internal.toByteArray((String) o);
+    } else {
+      return ((ByteString) o).toByteArray();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<?> getUnderlyingElements() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void mergeFrom(LazyStringList other) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    for (Object o : other.getUnderlyingElements()) {
+      if (o instanceof byte[]) {
+        byte[] b = (byte[]) o;
+        // Byte array's content is mutable so they should be copied rather than
+        // shared when merging from one message to another.
+        list.add(Arrays.copyOf(b, b.length));
+      } else {
+        list.add(o);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class ByteArrayListView extends AbstractList<byte[]> implements RandomAccess {
+    private final LazyStringArrayList list;
+
+    ByteArrayListView(LazyStringArrayList list) {
+      this.list = list;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] get(int index) {
+      return list.getByteArray(index);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+      return list.size();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] set(int index, byte[] s) {
+      Object o = list.setAndReturn(index, s);
+      modCount++;
+      return asByteArray(o);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void add(int index, byte[] s) {
+      list.add(index, s);
+      modCount++;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] remove(int index) {
+      Object o = list.remove(index);
+      modCount++;
+      return asByteArray(o);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<byte[]> asByteArrayList() {
+    return new ByteArrayListView(this);
+  }
+
+  private static class ByteStringListView extends AbstractList<ByteString> implements RandomAccess {
+    private final LazyStringArrayList list;
+
+    ByteStringListView(LazyStringArrayList list) {
+      this.list = list;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteString get(int index) {
+      return list.getByteString(index);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+      return list.size();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteString set(int index, ByteString s) {
+      Object o = list.setAndReturn(index, s);
+      modCount++;
+      return asByteString(o);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void add(int index, ByteString s) {
+      list.add(index, s);
+      modCount++;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteString remove(int index) {
+      Object o = list.remove(index);
+      modCount++;
+      return asByteString(o);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<ByteString> asByteStringList() {
+    return new ByteStringListView(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public LazyStringList getUnmodifiableView() {
+    if (isModifiable()) {
+      return new UnmodifiableLazyStringList(this);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringList.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringList.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b55022ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * An interface extending {@code List<String>} that also provides access to the items of the list as
+ * UTF8-encoded ByteString or byte[] objects. This is used by the protocol buffer implementation to
+ * support lazily converting bytes parsed over the wire to String objects until needed and also
+ * increases the efficiency of serialization if the String was never requested as the ByteString or
+ * byte[] is already cached. The ByteString methods are used in immutable API only and byte[]
+ * methods used in mutable API only for they use different representations for string/bytes fields.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public interface LazyStringList extends ProtocolStringList {
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the element at the specified position in this list as a ByteString.
+   *
+   * @param index index of the element to return
+   * @return the element at the specified position in this list
+   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range ({@code index < 0 || index >=
+   *     size()})
+   */
+  ByteString getByteString(int index);
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the element at the specified position in this list as an Object that will either be a
+   * String or a ByteString.
+   *
+   * @param index index of the element to return
+   * @return the element at the specified position in this list
+   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range ({@code index < 0 || index >=
+   *     size()})
+   */
+  Object getRaw(int index);
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the element at the specified position in this list as byte[].
+   *
+   * @param index index of the element to return
+   * @return the element at the specified position in this list
+   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range ({@code index < 0 || index >=
+   *     size()})
+   */
+  byte[] getByteArray(int index);
+
+  /**
+   * Appends the specified element to the end of this list (optional operation).
+   *
+   * @param element element to be appended to this list
+   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>add</tt> operation is not supported by this
+   *     list
+   */
+  void add(ByteString element);
+
+  /**
+   * Appends the specified element to the end of this list (optional operation).
+   *
+   * @param element element to be appended to this list
+   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>add</tt> operation is not supported by this
+   *     list
+   */
+  void add(byte[] element);
+
+  /**
+   * Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with the specified element
+   * (optional operation).
+   *
+   * @param index index of the element to replace
+   * @param element the element to be stored at the specified position
+   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>set</tt> operation is not supported by this
+   *     list IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range ({@code index < 0 || index >=
+   *     size()})
+   */
+  void set(int index, ByteString element);
+
+  /**
+   * Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with the specified element
+   * (optional operation).
+   *
+   * @param index index of the element to replace
+   * @param element the element to be stored at the specified position
+   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>set</tt> operation is not supported by this
+   *     list IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range ({@code index < 0 || index >=
+   *     size()})
+   */
+  void set(int index, byte[] element);
+
+  /**
+   * Appends all elements in the specified ByteString collection to the end of this list.
+   *
+   * @param c collection whose elements are to be added to this list
+   * @return true if this list changed as a result of the call
+   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>addAllByteString</tt> operation is not
+   *     supported by this list
+   */
+  boolean addAllByteString(Collection<? extends ByteString> c);
+
+  /**
+   * Appends all elements in the specified byte[] collection to the end of this list.
+   *
+   * @param c collection whose elements are to be added to this list
+   * @return true if this list changed as a result of the call
+   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>addAllByteArray</tt> operation is not
+   *     supported by this list
+   */
+  boolean addAllByteArray(Collection<byte[]> c);
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an unmodifiable List of the underlying elements, each of which is either a {@code
+   * String} or its equivalent UTF-8 encoded {@code ByteString} or byte[]. It is an error for the
+   * caller to modify the returned List, and attempting to do so will result in an {@link
+   * UnsupportedOperationException}.
+   */
+  List<?> getUnderlyingElements();
+
+  /**
+   * Merges all elements from another LazyStringList into this one. This method differs from {@link
+   * #addAll(Collection)} on that underlying byte arrays are copied instead of reference shared.
+   * Immutable API doesn't need to use this method as byte[] is not used there at all.
+   */
+  void mergeFrom(LazyStringList other);
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a mutable view of this list. Changes to the view will be made into the original list.
+   * This method is used in mutable API only.
+   */
+  List<byte[]> asByteArrayList();
+
+  /** Returns an unmodifiable view of the list. */
+  LazyStringList getUnmodifiableView();
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ListFieldSchema.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ListFieldSchema.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ebc8561a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ListFieldSchema.java
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Utility class that aids in properly manipulating list fields for either the lite or full runtime.
+ */
+abstract class ListFieldSchema {
+  // Disallow construction.
+  private ListFieldSchema() {}
+
+  private static final ListFieldSchema FULL_INSTANCE = new ListFieldSchemaFull();
+  private static final ListFieldSchema LITE_INSTANCE = new ListFieldSchemaLite();
+
+  abstract <L> List<L> mutableListAt(Object msg, long offset);
+
+  abstract void makeImmutableListAt(Object msg, long offset);
+
+  abstract <L> void mergeListsAt(Object msg, Object otherMsg, long offset);
+
+  static ListFieldSchema full() {
+    return FULL_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  static ListFieldSchema lite() {
+    return LITE_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  /** Implementation for the full runtime. */
+  private static final class ListFieldSchemaFull extends ListFieldSchema {
+
+    private static final Class<?> UNMODIFIABLE_LIST_CLASS =
+        Collections.unmodifiableList(Collections.emptyList()).getClass();
+
+    @Override
+    <L> List<L> mutableListAt(Object message, long offset) {
+      return mutableListAt(message, offset, AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void makeImmutableListAt(Object message, long offset) {
+      List<?> list = (List<?>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+      Object immutable = null;
+      if (list instanceof LazyStringList) {
+        immutable = ((LazyStringList) list).getUnmodifiableView();
+      } else if (UNMODIFIABLE_LIST_CLASS.isAssignableFrom(list.getClass())) {
+        // already immutable
+        return;
+      } else if (list instanceof PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection && list instanceof ProtobufList) {
+        if (((ProtobufList<?>) list).isModifiable()) {
+          ((ProtobufList<?>) list).makeImmutable();
+        }
+        return;
+      } else {
+        immutable = Collections.unmodifiableList((List<?>) list);
+      }
+      UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, immutable);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private static <L> List<L> mutableListAt(Object message, long offset, int additionalCapacity) {
+      List<L> list = getList(message, offset);
+      if (list.isEmpty()) {
+        if (list instanceof LazyStringList) {
+          list = (List<L>) new LazyStringArrayList(additionalCapacity);
+        } else if (list instanceof PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection && list instanceof ProtobufList) {
+          list = ((ProtobufList<L>) list).mutableCopyWithCapacity(additionalCapacity);
+        } else {
+          list = new ArrayList<L>(additionalCapacity);
+        }
+        UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, list);
+      } else if (UNMODIFIABLE_LIST_CLASS.isAssignableFrom(list.getClass())) {
+        ArrayList<L> newList = new ArrayList<L>(list.size() + additionalCapacity);
+        newList.addAll(list);
+        list = newList;
+        UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, list);
+      } else if (list instanceof UnmodifiableLazyStringList) {
+        LazyStringArrayList newList = new LazyStringArrayList(list.size() + additionalCapacity);
+        newList.addAll((UnmodifiableLazyStringList) list);
+        list = (List<L>) newList;
+        UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, list);
+      } else if (list instanceof PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection
+          && list instanceof ProtobufList
+          && !((ProtobufList<L>) list).isModifiable()) {
+        list = ((ProtobufList<L>) list).mutableCopyWithCapacity(list.size() + additionalCapacity);
+        UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, list);
+      }
+      return list;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    <E> void mergeListsAt(Object msg, Object otherMsg, long offset) {
+      List<E> other = getList(otherMsg, offset);
+      List<E> mine = mutableListAt(msg, offset, other.size());
+
+      int size = mine.size();
+      int otherSize = other.size();
+      if (size > 0 && otherSize > 0) {
+        mine.addAll(other);
+      }
+
+      List<E> merged = size > 0 ? mine : other;
+      UnsafeUtil.putObject(msg, offset, merged);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    static <E> List<E> getList(Object message, long offset) {
+      return (List<E>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Implementation for the lite runtime. */
+  private static final class ListFieldSchemaLite extends ListFieldSchema {
+
+    @Override
+    <L> List<L> mutableListAt(Object message, long offset) {
+      ProtobufList<L> list = getProtobufList(message, offset);
+      if (!list.isModifiable()) {
+        int size = list.size();
+        list =
+            list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+                size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+        UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, list);
+      }
+      return list;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void makeImmutableListAt(Object message, long offset) {
+      ProtobufList<?> list = getProtobufList(message, offset);
+      list.makeImmutable();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    <E> void mergeListsAt(Object msg, Object otherMsg, long offset) {
+      ProtobufList<E> mine = getProtobufList(msg, offset);
+      ProtobufList<E> other = getProtobufList(otherMsg, offset);
+
+      int size = mine.size();
+      int otherSize = other.size();
+      if (size > 0 && otherSize > 0) {
+        if (!mine.isModifiable()) {
+          mine = mine.mutableCopyWithCapacity(size + otherSize);
+        }
+        mine.addAll(other);
+      }
+
+      ProtobufList<E> merged = size > 0 ? mine : other;
+      UnsafeUtil.putObject(msg, offset, merged);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    static <E> ProtobufList<E> getProtobufList(Object message, long offset) {
+      return (ProtobufList<E>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LongArrayList.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LongArrayList.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2dd15b4de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/LongArrayList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.LongList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.RandomAccess;
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of {@link LongList} on top of a primitive array.
+ *
+ * @author dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+ */
+final class LongArrayList extends AbstractProtobufList<Long>
+    implements LongList, RandomAccess, PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection {
+
+  private static final LongArrayList EMPTY_LIST = new LongArrayList(new long[0], 0);
+  static {
+    EMPTY_LIST.makeImmutable();
+  }
+
+  public static LongArrayList emptyList() {
+    return EMPTY_LIST;
+  }
+
+  /** The backing store for the list. */
+  private long[] array;
+
+  /**
+   * The size of the list distinct from the length of the array. That is, it is the number of
+   * elements set in the list.
+   */
+  private int size;
+
+  /** Constructs a new mutable {@code LongArrayList} with default capacity. */
+  LongArrayList() {
+    this(new long[DEFAULT_CAPACITY], 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new mutable {@code LongArrayList} containing the same elements as {@code other}.
+   */
+  private LongArrayList(long[] other, int size) {
+    array = other;
+    this.size = size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (toIndex < fromIndex) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("toIndex < fromIndex");
+    }
+
+    System.arraycopy(array, toIndex, array, fromIndex, size - toIndex);
+    size -= (toIndex - fromIndex);
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!(o instanceof LongArrayList)) {
+      return super.equals(o);
+    }
+    LongArrayList other = (LongArrayList) o;
+    if (size != other.size) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    final long[] arr = other.array;
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      if (array[i] != arr[i]) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    int result = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      result = (31 * result) + Internal.hashLong(array[i]);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public LongList mutableCopyWithCapacity(int capacity) {
+    if (capacity < size) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+    }
+    return new LongArrayList(Arrays.copyOf(array, capacity), size);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Long get(int index) {
+    return getLong(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public long getLong(int index) {
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    return array[index];
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int size() {
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Long set(int index, Long element) {
+    return setLong(index, element);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public long setLong(int index, long element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    long previousValue = array[index];
+    array[index] = element;
+    return previousValue;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean add(Long element) {
+    addLong(element);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void add(int index, Long element) {
+    addLong(index, element);
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #add(Long)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+  @Override
+  public void addLong(long element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (size == array.length) {
+      // Resize to 1.5x the size
+      int length = ((size * 3) / 2) + 1;
+      long[] newArray = new long[length];
+
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, size);
+      array = newArray;
+    }
+
+    array[size++] = element;
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #add(int, Long)} but more efficient in that it doesn't box the element. */
+  private void addLong(int index, long element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    if (index < 0 || index > size) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(index));
+    }
+
+    if (size < array.length) {
+      // Shift everything over to make room
+      System.arraycopy(array, index, array, index + 1, size - index);
+    } else {
+      // Resize to 1.5x the size
+      int length = ((size * 3) / 2) + 1;
+      long[] newArray = new long[length];
+
+      // Copy the first part directly
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, index);
+
+      // Copy the rest shifted over by one to make room
+      System.arraycopy(array, index, newArray, index + 1, size - index);
+      array = newArray;
+    }
+
+    array[index] = element;
+    size++;
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends Long> collection) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+
+    checkNotNull(collection);
+
+    // We specialize when adding another LongArrayList to avoid boxing elements.
+    if (!(collection instanceof LongArrayList)) {
+      return super.addAll(collection);
+    }
+
+    LongArrayList list = (LongArrayList) collection;
+    if (list.size == 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    int overflow = Integer.MAX_VALUE - size;
+    if (overflow < list.size) {
+      // We can't actually represent a list this large.
+      throw new OutOfMemoryError();
+    }
+
+    int newSize = size + list.size;
+    if (newSize > array.length) {
+      array = Arrays.copyOf(array, newSize);
+    }
+
+    System.arraycopy(list.array, 0, array, size, list.size);
+    size = newSize;
+    modCount++;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean remove(Object o) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      if (o.equals(array[i])) {
+        System.arraycopy(array, i + 1, array, i, size - i - 1);
+        size--;
+        modCount++;
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Long remove(int index) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    long value = array[index];
+    if (index < size - 1) {
+      System.arraycopy(array, index + 1, array, index, size - index - 1);
+    }
+    size--;
+    modCount++;
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the provided {@code index} is within the range of {@code [0, size]}. Throws an
+   * {@link IndexOutOfBoundsException} if it is not.
+   *
+   * @param index the index to verify is in range
+   */
+  private void ensureIndexInRange(int index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(index));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private String makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(int index) {
+    return "Index:" + index + ", Size:" + size;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ManifestSchemaFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ManifestSchemaFactory.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..84ca9ae0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ManifestSchemaFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+/**
+ * Dynamically generates a manifest-based (i.e. table-based) schema for a given protobuf message.
+ */
+@ExperimentalApi
+final class ManifestSchemaFactory implements SchemaFactory {
+
+  private final MessageInfoFactory messageInfoFactory;
+
+  public ManifestSchemaFactory() {
+    this(getDefaultMessageInfoFactory());
+  }
+
+  private ManifestSchemaFactory(MessageInfoFactory messageInfoFactory) {
+    this.messageInfoFactory = checkNotNull(messageInfoFactory, "messageInfoFactory");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public <T> Schema<T> createSchema(Class<T> messageType) {
+    SchemaUtil.requireGeneratedMessage(messageType);
+
+    MessageInfo messageInfo = messageInfoFactory.messageInfoFor(messageType);
+
+    // MessageSet has a special schema.
+    if (messageInfo.isMessageSetWireFormat()) {
+      if (GeneratedMessageLite.class.isAssignableFrom(messageType)) {
+        return MessageSetSchema.newSchema(
+            SchemaUtil.unknownFieldSetLiteSchema(),
+            ExtensionSchemas.lite(),
+            messageInfo.getDefaultInstance());
+      }
+      return MessageSetSchema.newSchema(
+          SchemaUtil.proto2UnknownFieldSetSchema(),
+          ExtensionSchemas.full(),
+          messageInfo.getDefaultInstance());
+    }
+
+    return newSchema(messageType, messageInfo);
+  }
+
+  private static <T> Schema<T> newSchema(Class<T> messageType, MessageInfo messageInfo) {
+    if (GeneratedMessageLite.class.isAssignableFrom(messageType)) {
+      return isProto2(messageInfo)
+          ? MessageSchema.newSchema(
+              messageType,
+              messageInfo,
+              NewInstanceSchemas.lite(),
+              ListFieldSchema.lite(),
+              SchemaUtil.unknownFieldSetLiteSchema(),
+              ExtensionSchemas.lite(),
+              MapFieldSchemas.lite())
+          : MessageSchema.newSchema(
+              messageType,
+              messageInfo,
+              NewInstanceSchemas.lite(),
+              ListFieldSchema.lite(),
+              SchemaUtil.unknownFieldSetLiteSchema(),
+              /* extensionSchema= */ null,
+              MapFieldSchemas.lite());
+    }
+    return isProto2(messageInfo)
+        ? MessageSchema.newSchema(
+            messageType,
+            messageInfo,
+            NewInstanceSchemas.full(),
+            ListFieldSchema.full(),
+            SchemaUtil.proto2UnknownFieldSetSchema(),
+            ExtensionSchemas.full(),
+            MapFieldSchemas.full())
+        : MessageSchema.newSchema(
+            messageType,
+            messageInfo,
+            NewInstanceSchemas.full(),
+            ListFieldSchema.full(),
+            SchemaUtil.proto3UnknownFieldSetSchema(),
+            /* extensionSchema= */ null,
+            MapFieldSchemas.full());
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isProto2(MessageInfo messageInfo) {
+    return messageInfo.getSyntax() == ProtoSyntax.PROTO2;
+  }
+
+  private static MessageInfoFactory getDefaultMessageInfoFactory() {
+    return new CompositeMessageInfoFactory(
+        GeneratedMessageInfoFactory.getInstance(), getDescriptorMessageInfoFactory());
+  }
+
+  private static class CompositeMessageInfoFactory implements MessageInfoFactory {
+    private MessageInfoFactory[] factories;
+
+    CompositeMessageInfoFactory(MessageInfoFactory... factories) {
+      this.factories = factories;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isSupported(Class<?> clazz) {
+      for (MessageInfoFactory factory : factories) {
+        if (factory.isSupported(clazz)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MessageInfo messageInfoFor(Class<?> clazz) {
+      for (MessageInfoFactory factory : factories) {
+        if (factory.isSupported(clazz)) {
+          return factory.messageInfoFor(clazz);
+        }
+      }
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "No factory is available for message type: " + clazz.getName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static final MessageInfoFactory EMPTY_FACTORY =
+      new MessageInfoFactory() {
+        @Override
+        public boolean isSupported(Class<?> clazz) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public MessageInfo messageInfoFor(Class<?> clazz) {
+          throw new IllegalStateException("This should never be called.");
+        }
+      };
+
+  private static MessageInfoFactory getDescriptorMessageInfoFactory() {
+    try {
+      Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("com.google.protobuf.DescriptorMessageInfoFactory");
+      return (MessageInfoFactory) clazz.getDeclaredMethod("getInstance").invoke(null);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      return EMPTY_FACTORY;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapEntry.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapEntry.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca0678e2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapEntry.java
@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+
+/**
+ * Implements MapEntry messages.
+ *
+ * <p>In reflection API, map fields will be treated as repeated message fields and each map entry is
+ * accessed as a message. This MapEntry class is used to represent these map entry messages in
+ * reflection API.
+ *
+ * <p>Protobuf internal. Users shouldn't use this class.
+ */
+public final class MapEntry<K, V> extends AbstractMessage {
+
+  private static final class Metadata<K, V> extends MapEntryLite.Metadata<K, V> {
+
+    public final Descriptor descriptor;
+    public final Parser<MapEntry<K, V>> parser;
+
+    public Metadata(
+        Descriptor descriptor,
+        MapEntry<K, V> defaultInstance,
+        WireFormat.FieldType keyType,
+        WireFormat.FieldType valueType) {
+      super(keyType, defaultInstance.key, valueType, defaultInstance.value);
+      this.descriptor = descriptor;
+      this.parser =
+          new AbstractParser<MapEntry<K, V>>() {
+
+            @Override
+            public MapEntry<K, V> parsePartialFrom(
+                CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+                throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+              return new MapEntry<K, V>(Metadata.this, input, extensionRegistry);
+            }
+          };
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final K key;
+  private final V value;
+  private final Metadata<K, V> metadata;
+
+  /** Create a default MapEntry instance. */
+  private MapEntry(
+      Descriptor descriptor,
+      WireFormat.FieldType keyType,
+      K defaultKey,
+      WireFormat.FieldType valueType,
+      V defaultValue) {
+    this.key = defaultKey;
+    this.value = defaultValue;
+    this.metadata = new Metadata<K, V>(descriptor, this, keyType, valueType);
+  }
+
+  /** Create a MapEntry with the provided key and value. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private MapEntry(Metadata metadata, K key, V value) {
+    this.key = key;
+    this.value = value;
+    this.metadata = metadata;
+  }
+
+  /** Parsing constructor. */
+  private MapEntry(
+      Metadata<K, V> metadata, CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    try {
+      this.metadata = metadata;
+      Map.Entry<K, V> entry = MapEntryLite.parseEntry(input, metadata, extensionRegistry);
+      this.key = entry.getKey();
+      this.value = entry.getValue();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a default MapEntry instance. A default MapEntry instance should be created only once for
+   * each map entry message type. Generated code should store the created default instance and use
+   * it later to create new MapEntry messages of the same type.
+   */
+  public static <K, V> MapEntry<K, V> newDefaultInstance(
+      Descriptor descriptor,
+      WireFormat.FieldType keyType,
+      K defaultKey,
+      WireFormat.FieldType valueType,
+      V defaultValue) {
+    return new MapEntry<K, V>(descriptor, keyType, defaultKey, valueType, defaultValue);
+  }
+
+  public K getKey() {
+    return key;
+  }
+
+  public V getValue() {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  private volatile int cachedSerializedSize = -1;
+
+  @Override
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    if (cachedSerializedSize != -1) {
+      return cachedSerializedSize;
+    }
+
+    int size = MapEntryLite.computeSerializedSize(metadata, key, value);
+    cachedSerializedSize = size;
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeTo(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    MapEntryLite.writeTo(output, metadata, key, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isInitialized() {
+    return isInitialized(metadata, value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Parser<MapEntry<K, V>> getParserForType() {
+    return metadata.parser;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Builder<K, V> newBuilderForType() {
+    return new Builder<K, V>(metadata);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Builder<K, V> toBuilder() {
+    return new Builder<K, V>(metadata, key, value, true, true);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MapEntry<K, V> getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+    return new MapEntry<K, V>(metadata, metadata.defaultKey, metadata.defaultValue);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
+    return metadata.descriptor;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+    TreeMap<FieldDescriptor, Object> result = new TreeMap<FieldDescriptor, Object>();
+    for (final FieldDescriptor field : metadata.descriptor.getFields()) {
+      if (hasField(field)) {
+        result.put(field, getField(field));
+      }
+    }
+    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(result);
+  }
+
+  private void checkFieldDescriptor(FieldDescriptor field) {
+    if (field.getContainingType() != metadata.descriptor) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          "Wrong FieldDescriptor \""
+              + field.getFullName()
+              + "\" used in message \""
+              + metadata.descriptor.getFullName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean hasField(FieldDescriptor field) {
+    checkFieldDescriptor(field);
+    ;
+    // A MapEntry always contains two fields.
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object getField(FieldDescriptor field) {
+    checkFieldDescriptor(field);
+    Object result = field.getNumber() == 1 ? getKey() : getValue();
+    // Convert enums to EnumValueDescriptor.
+    if (field.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM) {
+      result = field.getEnumType().findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown((java.lang.Integer) result);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getRepeatedFieldCount(FieldDescriptor field) {
+    throw new RuntimeException("There is no repeated field in a map entry message.");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object getRepeatedField(FieldDescriptor field, int index) {
+    throw new RuntimeException("There is no repeated field in a map entry message.");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
+    return UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance();
+  }
+
+  /** Builder to create {@link MapEntry} messages. */
+  public static class Builder<K, V> extends AbstractMessage.Builder<Builder<K, V>> {
+    private final Metadata<K, V> metadata;
+    private K key;
+    private V value;
+    private boolean hasKey;
+    private boolean hasValue;
+
+    private Builder(Metadata<K, V> metadata) {
+      this(metadata, metadata.defaultKey, metadata.defaultValue, false, false);
+    }
+
+    private Builder(Metadata<K, V> metadata, K key, V value, boolean hasKey, boolean hasValue) {
+      this.metadata = metadata;
+      this.key = key;
+      this.value = value;
+      this.hasKey = hasKey;
+      this.hasValue = hasValue;
+    }
+
+    public K getKey() {
+      return key;
+    }
+
+    public V getValue() {
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    public Builder<K, V> setKey(K key) {
+      this.key = key;
+      this.hasKey = true;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder<K, V> clearKey() {
+      this.key = metadata.defaultKey;
+      this.hasKey = false;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder<K, V> setValue(V value) {
+      this.value = value;
+      this.hasValue = true;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder<K, V> clearValue() {
+      this.value = metadata.defaultValue;
+      this.hasValue = false;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MapEntry<K, V> build() {
+      MapEntry<K, V> result = buildPartial();
+      if (!result.isInitialized()) {
+        throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MapEntry<K, V> buildPartial() {
+      return new MapEntry<K, V>(metadata, key, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
+      return metadata.descriptor;
+    }
+
+    private void checkFieldDescriptor(FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (field.getContainingType() != metadata.descriptor) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+            "Wrong FieldDescriptor \""
+                + field.getFullName()
+                + "\" used in message \""
+                + metadata.descriptor.getFullName());
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message.Builder newBuilderForField(FieldDescriptor field) {
+      checkFieldDescriptor(field);
+      ;
+      // This method should be called for message fields and in a MapEntry
+      // message only the value field can possibly be a message field.
+      if (field.getNumber() != 2 || field.getJavaType() != FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("\"" + field.getFullName() + "\" is not a message value field.");
+      }
+      return ((Message) value).newBuilderForType();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Override
+    public Builder<K, V> setField(FieldDescriptor field, Object value) {
+      checkFieldDescriptor(field);
+      if (field.getNumber() == 1) {
+        setKey((K) value);
+      } else {
+        if (field.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM) {
+          value = ((EnumValueDescriptor) value).getNumber();
+        } else if (field.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE) {
+          if (value != null && !metadata.defaultValue.getClass().isInstance(value)) {
+            // The value is not the exact right message type.  However, if it
+            // is an alternative implementation of the same type -- e.g. a
+            // DynamicMessage -- we should accept it.  In this case we can make
+            // a copy of the message.
+            value =
+                ((Message) metadata.defaultValue).toBuilder().mergeFrom((Message) value).build();
+          }
+        }
+        setValue((V) value);
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder<K, V> clearField(FieldDescriptor field) {
+      checkFieldDescriptor(field);
+      if (field.getNumber() == 1) {
+        clearKey();
+      } else {
+        clearValue();
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder<K, V> setRepeatedField(FieldDescriptor field, int index, Object value) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("There is no repeated field in a map entry message.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder<K, V> addRepeatedField(FieldDescriptor field, Object value) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("There is no repeated field in a map entry message.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder<K, V> setUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      // Unknown fields are discarded for MapEntry message.
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MapEntry<K, V> getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+      return new MapEntry<K, V>(metadata, metadata.defaultKey, metadata.defaultValue);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isInitialized() {
+      return MapEntry.isInitialized(metadata, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+      final TreeMap<FieldDescriptor, Object> result = new TreeMap<FieldDescriptor, Object>();
+      for (final FieldDescriptor field : metadata.descriptor.getFields()) {
+        if (hasField(field)) {
+          result.put(field, getField(field));
+        }
+      }
+      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(result);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasField(FieldDescriptor field) {
+      checkFieldDescriptor(field);
+      return field.getNumber() == 1 ? hasKey : hasValue;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getField(FieldDescriptor field) {
+      checkFieldDescriptor(field);
+      Object result = field.getNumber() == 1 ? getKey() : getValue();
+      // Convert enums to EnumValueDescriptor.
+      if (field.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM) {
+        result = field.getEnumType().findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown((Integer) result);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getRepeatedFieldCount(FieldDescriptor field) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("There is no repeated field in a map entry message.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getRepeatedField(FieldDescriptor field, int index) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("There is no repeated field in a map entry message.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
+      return UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public Builder<K, V> clone() {
+      return new Builder<>(metadata, key, value, hasKey, hasValue);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static <V> boolean isInitialized(Metadata metadata, V value) {
+    if (metadata.valueType.getJavaType() == WireFormat.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+      return ((MessageLite) value).isInitialized();
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns the metadata only for experimental runtime. */
+  final Metadata<K, V> getMetadata() {
+    return metadata;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapEntryLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapEntryLite.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca2a3c2a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapEntryLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Implements the lite version of map entry messages.
+ *
+ * <p>This class serves as an utility class to help do serialization/parsing of map entries. It's
+ * used in generated code and also in the full version MapEntry message.
+ *
+ * <p>Protobuf internal. Users shouldn't use.
+ */
+public class MapEntryLite<K, V> {
+
+  static class Metadata<K, V> {
+    public final WireFormat.FieldType keyType;
+    public final K defaultKey;
+    public final WireFormat.FieldType valueType;
+    public final V defaultValue;
+
+    public Metadata(
+        WireFormat.FieldType keyType,
+        K defaultKey,
+        WireFormat.FieldType valueType,
+        V defaultValue) {
+      this.keyType = keyType;
+      this.defaultKey = defaultKey;
+      this.valueType = valueType;
+      this.defaultValue = defaultValue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static final int KEY_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
+  private static final int VALUE_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
+
+  private final Metadata<K, V> metadata;
+  private final K key;
+  private final V value;
+
+  /** Creates a default MapEntryLite message instance. */
+  private MapEntryLite(
+      WireFormat.FieldType keyType, K defaultKey, WireFormat.FieldType valueType, V defaultValue) {
+    this.metadata = new Metadata<K, V>(keyType, defaultKey, valueType, defaultValue);
+    this.key = defaultKey;
+    this.value = defaultValue;
+  }
+
+  /** Creates a new MapEntryLite message. */
+  private MapEntryLite(Metadata<K, V> metadata, K key, V value) {
+    this.metadata = metadata;
+    this.key = key;
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  public K getKey() {
+    return key;
+  }
+
+  public V getValue() {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a default MapEntryLite message instance.
+   *
+   * <p>This method is used by generated code to create the default instance for a map entry
+   * message. The created default instance should be used to create new map entry messages of the
+   * same type. For each map entry message, only one default instance should be created.
+   */
+  public static <K, V> MapEntryLite<K, V> newDefaultInstance(
+      WireFormat.FieldType keyType, K defaultKey, WireFormat.FieldType valueType, V defaultValue) {
+    return new MapEntryLite<K, V>(keyType, defaultKey, valueType, defaultValue);
+  }
+
+  static <K, V> void writeTo(CodedOutputStream output, Metadata<K, V> metadata, K key, V value)
+      throws IOException {
+    FieldSet.writeElement(output, metadata.keyType, KEY_FIELD_NUMBER, key);
+    FieldSet.writeElement(output, metadata.valueType, VALUE_FIELD_NUMBER, value);
+  }
+
+  static <K, V> int computeSerializedSize(Metadata<K, V> metadata, K key, V value) {
+    return FieldSet.computeElementSize(metadata.keyType, KEY_FIELD_NUMBER, key)
+        + FieldSet.computeElementSize(metadata.valueType, VALUE_FIELD_NUMBER, value);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  static <T> T parseField(
+      CodedInputStream input,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      WireFormat.FieldType type,
+      T value)
+      throws IOException {
+    switch (type) {
+      case MESSAGE:
+        MessageLite.Builder subBuilder = ((MessageLite) value).toBuilder();
+        input.readMessage(subBuilder, extensionRegistry);
+        return (T) subBuilder.buildPartial();
+      case ENUM:
+        return (T) (java.lang.Integer) input.readEnum();
+      case GROUP:
+        throw new RuntimeException("Groups are not allowed in maps.");
+      default:
+        return (T) FieldSet.readPrimitiveField(input, type, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes the provided key and value as though they were wrapped by a {@link MapEntryLite} to
+   * the output stream. This helper method avoids allocation of a {@link MapEntryLite} built with a
+   * key and value and is called from generated code directly.
+   */
+  public void serializeTo(CodedOutputStream output, int fieldNumber, K key, V value)
+      throws IOException {
+    output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    output.writeUInt32NoTag(computeSerializedSize(metadata, key, value));
+    writeTo(output, metadata, key, value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the message size for the provided key and value as though they were wrapped by a
+   * {@link MapEntryLite}. This helper method avoids allocation of a {@link MapEntryLite} built with
+   * a key and value and is called from generated code directly.
+   */
+  public int computeMessageSize(int fieldNumber, K key, V value) {
+    return CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber)
+        + CodedOutputStream.computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(
+            computeSerializedSize(metadata, key, value));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses an entry off of the input as a {@link Map.Entry}. This helper requires an allocation so
+   * using {@link #parseInto} is preferred if possible.
+   */
+  public Map.Entry<K, V> parseEntry(ByteString bytes, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    return parseEntry(bytes.newCodedInput(), metadata, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  static <K, V> Map.Entry<K, V> parseEntry(
+      CodedInputStream input, Metadata<K, V> metadata, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    K key = metadata.defaultKey;
+    V value = metadata.defaultValue;
+    while (true) {
+      int tag = input.readTag();
+      if (tag == 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (tag == WireFormat.makeTag(KEY_FIELD_NUMBER, metadata.keyType.getWireType())) {
+        key = parseField(input, extensionRegistry, metadata.keyType, key);
+      } else if (tag == WireFormat.makeTag(VALUE_FIELD_NUMBER, metadata.valueType.getWireType())) {
+        value = parseField(input, extensionRegistry, metadata.valueType, value);
+      } else {
+        if (!input.skipField(tag)) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<K, V>(key, value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses an entry off of the input into the map. This helper avoids allocaton of a {@link
+   * MapEntryLite} by parsing directly into the provided {@link MapFieldLite}.
+   */
+  public void parseInto(
+      MapFieldLite<K, V> map, CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    int length = input.readRawVarint32();
+    final int oldLimit = input.pushLimit(length);
+    K key = metadata.defaultKey;
+    V value = metadata.defaultValue;
+
+    while (true) {
+      int tag = input.readTag();
+      if (tag == 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (tag == WireFormat.makeTag(KEY_FIELD_NUMBER, metadata.keyType.getWireType())) {
+        key = parseField(input, extensionRegistry, metadata.keyType, key);
+      } else if (tag == WireFormat.makeTag(VALUE_FIELD_NUMBER, metadata.valueType.getWireType())) {
+        value = parseField(input, extensionRegistry, metadata.valueType, value);
+      } else {
+        if (!input.skipField(tag)) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+    input.popLimit(oldLimit);
+    map.put(key, value);
+  }
+
+  /** For experimental runtime internal use only. */
+  Metadata<K, V> getMetadata() {
+    return metadata;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapField.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapField.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f48773606
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapField.java
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Internal representation of map fields in generated messages.
+ *
+ * <p>This class supports accessing the map field as a {@link Map} to be used in generated API and
+ * also supports accessing the field as a {@link List} to be used in reflection API. It keeps track
+ * of where the data is currently stored and do necessary conversions between map and list.
+ *
+ * <p>This class is a protobuf implementation detail. Users shouldn't use this class directly.
+ *
+ * <p>THREAD-SAFETY NOTE: Read-only access is thread-safe. Users can call getMap() and getList()
+ * concurrently in multiple threads. If write-access is needed, all access must be synchronized.
+ */
+public class MapField<K, V> implements MutabilityOracle {
+
+  /**
+   * Indicates where the data of this map field is currently stored.
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>MAP: Data is stored in mapData.
+   *   <li>LIST: Data is stored in listData.
+   *   <li>BOTH: mapData and listData have the same data.
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * <p>When the map field is accessed (through generated API or reflection API), it will shift
+   * between these 3 modes:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   *          <b>getMap()   getList()    getMutableMap()   getMutableList()</b>
+   * <b>MAP</b>      MAP        BOTH         MAP               LIST
+   * <b>LIST</b>     BOTH       LIST         MAP               LIST
+   * <b>BOTH</b>     BOTH       BOTH         MAP               LIST
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * <p>As the map field changes its mode, the list/map reference returned in a previous method call
+   * may be invalidated.
+   */
+  private enum StorageMode {
+    MAP,
+    LIST,
+    BOTH
+  }
+
+  private volatile boolean isMutable;
+  private volatile StorageMode mode;
+  private MutatabilityAwareMap<K, V> mapData;
+  private List<Message> listData;
+
+  // Convert between a map entry Message and a key-value pair.
+  private static interface Converter<K, V> {
+    Message convertKeyAndValueToMessage(K key, V value);
+
+    void convertMessageToKeyAndValue(Message message, Map<K, V> map);
+
+    Message getMessageDefaultInstance();
+  }
+
+  private static class ImmutableMessageConverter<K, V> implements Converter<K, V> {
+    private final MapEntry<K, V> defaultEntry;
+
+    public ImmutableMessageConverter(MapEntry<K, V> defaultEntry) {
+      this.defaultEntry = defaultEntry;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message convertKeyAndValueToMessage(K key, V value) {
+      return defaultEntry.newBuilderForType().setKey(key).setValue(value).buildPartial();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public void convertMessageToKeyAndValue(Message message, Map<K, V> map) {
+      MapEntry<K, V> entry = (MapEntry<K, V>) message;
+      map.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message getMessageDefaultInstance() {
+      return defaultEntry;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  private final Converter<K, V> converter;
+
+  private MapField(Converter<K, V> converter, StorageMode mode, Map<K, V> mapData) {
+    this.converter = converter;
+    this.isMutable = true;
+    this.mode = mode;
+    this.mapData = new MutatabilityAwareMap<K, V>(this, mapData);
+    this.listData = null;
+  }
+
+  private MapField(MapEntry<K, V> defaultEntry, StorageMode mode, Map<K, V> mapData) {
+    this(new ImmutableMessageConverter<K, V>(defaultEntry), mode, mapData);
+  }
+
+
+  /** Returns an immutable empty MapField. */
+  public static <K, V> MapField<K, V> emptyMapField(MapEntry<K, V> defaultEntry) {
+    return new MapField<K, V>(defaultEntry, StorageMode.MAP, Collections.<K, V>emptyMap());
+  }
+
+
+  /** Creates a new mutable empty MapField. */
+  public static <K, V> MapField<K, V> newMapField(MapEntry<K, V> defaultEntry) {
+    return new MapField<K, V>(defaultEntry, StorageMode.MAP, new LinkedHashMap<K, V>());
+  }
+
+
+  private Message convertKeyAndValueToMessage(K key, V value) {
+    return converter.convertKeyAndValueToMessage(key, value);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private void convertMessageToKeyAndValue(Message message, Map<K, V> map) {
+    converter.convertMessageToKeyAndValue(message, map);
+  }
+
+  private List<Message> convertMapToList(MutatabilityAwareMap<K, V> mapData) {
+    List<Message> listData = new ArrayList<Message>();
+    for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : mapData.entrySet()) {
+      listData.add(convertKeyAndValueToMessage(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
+    }
+    return listData;
+  }
+
+  private MutatabilityAwareMap<K, V> convertListToMap(List<Message> listData) {
+    Map<K, V> mapData = new LinkedHashMap<K, V>();
+    for (Message item : listData) {
+      convertMessageToKeyAndValue(item, mapData);
+    }
+    return new MutatabilityAwareMap<K, V>(this, mapData);
+  }
+
+  /** Returns the content of this MapField as a read-only Map. */
+  public Map<K, V> getMap() {
+    if (mode == StorageMode.LIST) {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        if (mode == StorageMode.LIST) {
+          mapData = convertListToMap(listData);
+          mode = StorageMode.BOTH;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(mapData);
+  }
+
+  /** Gets a mutable Map view of this MapField. */
+  public Map<K, V> getMutableMap() {
+    if (mode != StorageMode.MAP) {
+      if (mode == StorageMode.LIST) {
+        mapData = convertListToMap(listData);
+      }
+      listData = null;
+      mode = StorageMode.MAP;
+    }
+    return mapData;
+  }
+
+  public void mergeFrom(MapField<K, V> other) {
+    getMutableMap().putAll(MapFieldLite.copy(other.getMap()));
+  }
+
+  public void clear() {
+    mapData = new MutatabilityAwareMap<K, V>(this, new LinkedHashMap<K, V>());
+    mode = StorageMode.MAP;
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object object) {
+    if (!(object instanceof MapField)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    MapField<K, V> other = (MapField<K, V>) object;
+    return MapFieldLite.<K, V>equals(getMap(), other.getMap());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return MapFieldLite.<K, V>calculateHashCodeForMap(getMap());
+  }
+
+  /** Returns a deep copy of this MapField. */
+  public MapField<K, V> copy() {
+    return new MapField<K, V>(converter, StorageMode.MAP, MapFieldLite.copy(getMap()));
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the content of this MapField as a read-only List. */
+  List<Message> getList() {
+    if (mode == StorageMode.MAP) {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        if (mode == StorageMode.MAP) {
+          listData = convertMapToList(mapData);
+          mode = StorageMode.BOTH;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return Collections.unmodifiableList(listData);
+  }
+
+  /** Gets a mutable List view of this MapField. */
+  List<Message> getMutableList() {
+    if (mode != StorageMode.LIST) {
+      if (mode == StorageMode.MAP) {
+        listData = convertMapToList(mapData);
+      }
+      mapData = null;
+      mode = StorageMode.LIST;
+    }
+    return listData;
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the default instance of the message stored in the list view of this map field. */
+  Message getMapEntryMessageDefaultInstance() {
+    return converter.getMessageDefaultInstance();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Makes this list immutable. All subsequent modifications will throw an {@link
+   * UnsupportedOperationException}.
+   */
+  public void makeImmutable() {
+    isMutable = false;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns whether this field can be modified. */
+  public boolean isMutable() {
+    return isMutable;
+  }
+
+  /* (non-Javadoc)
+   * @see com.google.protobuf.MutabilityOracle#ensureMutable()
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void ensureMutable() {
+    if (!isMutable()) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** An internal map that checks for mutability before delegating. */
+  private static class MutatabilityAwareMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V> {
+    private final MutabilityOracle mutabilityOracle;
+    private final Map<K, V> delegate;
+
+    MutatabilityAwareMap(MutabilityOracle mutabilityOracle, Map<K, V> delegate) {
+      this.mutabilityOracle = mutabilityOracle;
+      this.delegate = delegate;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+      return delegate.size();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+      return delegate.isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
+      return delegate.containsKey(key);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
+      return delegate.containsValue(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public V get(Object key) {
+      return delegate.get(key);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public V put(K key, V value) {
+      mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+      checkNotNull(key);
+      checkNotNull(value);
+      return delegate.put(key, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public V remove(Object key) {
+      mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+      return delegate.remove(key);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
+      mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+      for (K key : m.keySet()) {
+        checkNotNull(key);
+        checkNotNull(m.get(key));
+      }
+      delegate.putAll(m);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clear() {
+      mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+      delegate.clear();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Set<K> keySet() {
+      return new MutatabilityAwareSet<K>(mutabilityOracle, delegate.keySet());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Collection<V> values() {
+      return new MutatabilityAwareCollection<V>(mutabilityOracle, delegate.values());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Set<java.util.Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet() {
+      return new MutatabilityAwareSet<Entry<K, V>>(mutabilityOracle, delegate.entrySet());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+      return delegate.equals(o);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      return delegate.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return delegate.toString();
+    }
+
+    /** An internal collection that checks for mutability before delegating. */
+    private static class MutatabilityAwareCollection<E> implements Collection<E> {
+      private final MutabilityOracle mutabilityOracle;
+      private final Collection<E> delegate;
+
+      MutatabilityAwareCollection(MutabilityOracle mutabilityOracle, Collection<E> delegate) {
+        this.mutabilityOracle = mutabilityOracle;
+        this.delegate = delegate;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int size() {
+        return delegate.size();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean isEmpty() {
+        return delegate.isEmpty();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean contains(Object o) {
+        return delegate.contains(o);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Iterator<E> iterator() {
+        return new MutatabilityAwareIterator<E>(mutabilityOracle, delegate.iterator());
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object[] toArray() {
+        return delegate.toArray();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
+        return delegate.toArray(a);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean add(E e) {
+        // Unsupported operation in the delegate.
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean remove(Object o) {
+        mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+        return delegate.remove(o);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
+        return delegate.containsAll(c);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
+        // Unsupported operation in the delegate.
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
+        mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+        return delegate.removeAll(c);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
+        mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+        return delegate.retainAll(c);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void clear() {
+        mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+        delegate.clear();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        return delegate.equals(o);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int hashCode() {
+        return delegate.hashCode();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public String toString() {
+        return delegate.toString();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** An internal set that checks for mutability before delegating. */
+    private static class MutatabilityAwareSet<E> implements Set<E> {
+      private final MutabilityOracle mutabilityOracle;
+      private final Set<E> delegate;
+
+      MutatabilityAwareSet(MutabilityOracle mutabilityOracle, Set<E> delegate) {
+        this.mutabilityOracle = mutabilityOracle;
+        this.delegate = delegate;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int size() {
+        return delegate.size();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean isEmpty() {
+        return delegate.isEmpty();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean contains(Object o) {
+        return delegate.contains(o);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Iterator<E> iterator() {
+        return new MutatabilityAwareIterator<E>(mutabilityOracle, delegate.iterator());
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object[] toArray() {
+        return delegate.toArray();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
+        return delegate.toArray(a);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean add(E e) {
+        mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+        return delegate.add(e);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean remove(Object o) {
+        mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+        return delegate.remove(o);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
+        return delegate.containsAll(c);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
+        mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+        return delegate.addAll(c);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
+        mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+        return delegate.retainAll(c);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
+        mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+        return delegate.removeAll(c);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void clear() {
+        mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+        delegate.clear();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        return delegate.equals(o);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int hashCode() {
+        return delegate.hashCode();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public String toString() {
+        return delegate.toString();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** An internal iterator that checks for mutability before delegating. */
+    private static class MutatabilityAwareIterator<E> implements Iterator<E> {
+      private final MutabilityOracle mutabilityOracle;
+      private final Iterator<E> delegate;
+
+      MutatabilityAwareIterator(MutabilityOracle mutabilityOracle, Iterator<E> delegate) {
+        this.mutabilityOracle = mutabilityOracle;
+        this.delegate = delegate;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean hasNext() {
+        return delegate.hasNext();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public E next() {
+        return delegate.next();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void remove() {
+        mutabilityOracle.ensureMutable();
+        delegate.remove();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        return delegate.equals(obj);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int hashCode() {
+        return delegate.hashCode();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public String toString() {
+        return delegate.toString();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldLite.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9fec4d7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLite;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Internal representation of map fields in generated lite-runtime messages.
+ *
+ * <p>This class is a protobuf implementation detail. Users shouldn't use this class directly.
+ */
+public final class MapFieldLite<K, V> extends LinkedHashMap<K, V> {
+
+  private boolean isMutable;
+
+  private MapFieldLite() {
+    this.isMutable = true;
+  }
+
+  private MapFieldLite(Map<K, V> mapData) {
+    super(mapData);
+    this.isMutable = true;
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+  private static final MapFieldLite EMPTY_MAP_FIELD = new MapFieldLite<>();
+
+  static {
+    EMPTY_MAP_FIELD.makeImmutable();
+  }
+
+  /** Returns an singleton immutable empty MapFieldLite instance. */
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "cast"})
+  public static <K, V> MapFieldLite<K, V> emptyMapField() {
+    return (MapFieldLite<K, V>) EMPTY_MAP_FIELD;
+  }
+
+  public void mergeFrom(MapFieldLite<K, V> other) {
+    ensureMutable();
+    if (!other.isEmpty()) {
+      putAll(other);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "cast"})
+  @Override
+  public Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet() {
+    return isEmpty() ? Collections.<Map.Entry<K, V>>emptySet() : super.entrySet();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void clear() {
+    ensureMutable();
+    super.clear();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public V put(K key, V value) {
+    ensureMutable();
+    checkNotNull(key);
+
+    checkNotNull(value);
+    return super.put(key, value);
+  }
+
+  public V put(Map.Entry<K, V> entry) {
+    return put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
+    ensureMutable();
+    checkForNullKeysAndValues(m);
+    super.putAll(m);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public V remove(Object key) {
+    ensureMutable();
+    return super.remove(key);
+  }
+
+  private static void checkForNullKeysAndValues(Map<?, ?> m) {
+    for (Object key : m.keySet()) {
+      checkNotNull(key);
+      checkNotNull(m.get(key));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static boolean equals(Object a, Object b) {
+    if (a instanceof byte[] && b instanceof byte[]) {
+      return Arrays.equals((byte[]) a, (byte[]) b);
+    }
+    return a.equals(b);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks whether two {@link Map}s are equal. We don't use the default equals method of {@link
+   * Map} because it compares by identity not by content for byte arrays.
+   */
+  static <K, V> boolean equals(Map<K, V> a, Map<K, V> b) {
+    if (a == b) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (a.size() != b.size()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : a.entrySet()) {
+      if (!b.containsKey(entry.getKey())) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (!equals(entry.getValue(), b.get(entry.getKey()))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** Checks whether two map fields are equal. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object object) {
+    return (object instanceof Map) && equals(this, (Map<K, V>) object);
+  }
+
+  private static int calculateHashCodeForObject(Object a) {
+    if (a instanceof byte[]) {
+      return Internal.hashCode((byte[]) a);
+    }
+    // Enums should be stored as integers internally.
+    if (a instanceof EnumLite) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+    return a.hashCode();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculates the hash code for a {@link Map}. We don't use the default hash code method of {@link
+   * Map} because for byte arrays and protobuf enums it use {@link Object#hashCode()}.
+   */
+  static <K, V> int calculateHashCodeForMap(Map<K, V> a) {
+    int result = 0;
+    for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : a.entrySet()) {
+      result +=
+          calculateHashCodeForObject(entry.getKey()) ^ calculateHashCodeForObject(entry.getValue());
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return calculateHashCodeForMap(this);
+  }
+
+  private static Object copy(Object object) {
+    if (object instanceof byte[]) {
+      byte[] data = (byte[]) object;
+      return Arrays.copyOf(data, data.length);
+    }
+    return object;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Makes a deep copy of a {@link Map}. Immutable objects in the map will be shared (e.g.,
+   * integers, strings, immutable messages) and mutable ones will have a copy (e.g., byte arrays,
+   * mutable messages).
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  static <K, V> Map<K, V> copy(Map<K, V> map) {
+    Map<K, V> result = new LinkedHashMap<K, V>();
+    for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : map.entrySet()) {
+      result.put(entry.getKey(), (V) copy(entry.getValue()));
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns a deep copy of this map field. */
+  public MapFieldLite<K, V> mutableCopy() {
+    return isEmpty() ? new MapFieldLite<K, V>() : new MapFieldLite<K, V>(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Makes this field immutable. All subsequent modifications will throw an {@link
+   * UnsupportedOperationException}.
+   */
+  public void makeImmutable() {
+    isMutable = false;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns whether this field can be modified. */
+  public boolean isMutable() {
+    return isMutable;
+  }
+
+  private void ensureMutable() {
+    if (!isMutable()) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchema.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchema.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..195126e51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchema.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+interface MapFieldSchema {
+  /** Returns the map data for mutation. */
+  Map<?, ?> forMutableMapData(Object mapField);
+
+  /** Returns the map data for read. */
+  Map<?, ?> forMapData(Object mapField);
+
+  /** Whether toImmutable() has been called on this map field. */
+  boolean isImmutable(Object mapField);
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an immutable instance of the map field. It may make the parameter immutable and return
+   * the parameter, or create an immutable copy. The status of the parameter after the call is
+   * undefined.
+   */
+  Object toImmutable(Object mapField);
+
+  /** Returns a new instance of the map field given a map default entry. */
+  Object newMapField(Object mapDefaultEntry);
+
+  /** Returns the metadata from a default entry. */
+  MapEntryLite.Metadata<?, ?> forMapMetadata(Object mapDefaultEntry);
+
+  /** Merges {@code srcMapField} into {@code destMapField}, and returns the merged instance. */
+  Object mergeFrom(Object destMapField, Object srcMapField);
+
+  /** Compute the serialized size for the map with a given field number. */
+  int getSerializedSize(int fieldNumber, Object mapField, Object mapDefaultEntry);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchemaFull.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchemaFull.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1efaab3bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchemaFull.java
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.MapEntryLite.Metadata;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+class MapFieldSchemaFull implements MapFieldSchema {
+  @Override
+  public Map<?, ?> forMutableMapData(Object mapField) {
+    return ((MapField<?, ?>) mapField).getMutableMap();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Map<?, ?> forMapData(Object mapField) {
+    return ((MapField<?, ?>) mapField).getMap();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isImmutable(Object mapField) {
+    return !((MapField<?, ?>) mapField).isMutable();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object toImmutable(Object mapField) {
+    ((MapField<?, ?>) mapField).makeImmutable();
+    return mapField;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object newMapField(Object mapDefaultEntry) {
+    return MapField.newMapField((MapEntry<?, ?>) mapDefaultEntry);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Metadata<?, ?> forMapMetadata(Object mapDefaultEntry) {
+    return ((MapEntry<?, ?>) mapDefaultEntry).getMetadata();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object mergeFrom(Object destMapField, Object srcMapField) {
+    return mergeFromFull(destMapField, srcMapField);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static <K, V> Object mergeFromFull(Object destMapField, Object srcMapField) {
+    MapField<K, V> mine = (MapField<K, V>) destMapField;
+    MapField<K, V> other = (MapField<K, V>) srcMapField;
+    if (!mine.isMutable()) {
+      mine.copy();
+    }
+    mine.mergeFrom(other);
+    return mine;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getSerializedSize(int number, Object mapField, Object mapDefaultEntry) {
+    return getSerializedSizeFull(number, mapField, mapDefaultEntry);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static <K, V> int getSerializedSizeFull(
+      int number, Object mapField, Object defaultEntryObject) {
+    // Full runtime allocates map fields lazily.
+    if (mapField == null) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    Map<K, V> map = ((MapField<K, V>) mapField).getMap();
+    MapEntry<K, V> defaultEntry = (MapEntry<K, V>) defaultEntryObject;
+    if (map.isEmpty()) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int size = 0;
+    for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : map.entrySet()) {
+      size +=
+          CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+              + CodedOutputStream.computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(
+                  MapEntryLite.computeSerializedSize(
+                      defaultEntry.getMetadata(), entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchemaLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchemaLite.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8a8c78de8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchemaLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.MapEntryLite.Metadata;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+class MapFieldSchemaLite implements MapFieldSchema {
+
+  @Override
+  public Map<?, ?> forMutableMapData(Object mapField) {
+    return (MapFieldLite<?, ?>) mapField;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Metadata<?, ?> forMapMetadata(Object mapDefaultEntry) {
+    return ((MapEntryLite<?, ?>) mapDefaultEntry).getMetadata();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Map<?, ?> forMapData(Object mapField) {
+    return (MapFieldLite<?, ?>) mapField;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isImmutable(Object mapField) {
+    return !((MapFieldLite<?, ?>) mapField).isMutable();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object toImmutable(Object mapField) {
+    ((MapFieldLite<?, ?>) mapField).makeImmutable();
+    return mapField;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object newMapField(Object unused) {
+    return MapFieldLite.emptyMapField().mutableCopy();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object mergeFrom(Object destMapField, Object srcMapField) {
+    return mergeFromLite(destMapField, srcMapField);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static <K, V> MapFieldLite<K, V> mergeFromLite(Object destMapField, Object srcMapField) {
+    MapFieldLite<K, V> mine = (MapFieldLite<K, V>) destMapField;
+    MapFieldLite<K, V> other = (MapFieldLite<K, V>) srcMapField;
+    if (!other.isEmpty()) {
+      if (!mine.isMutable()) {
+        mine = mine.mutableCopy();
+      }
+      mine.mergeFrom(other);
+    }
+    return mine;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getSerializedSize(int fieldNumber, Object mapField, Object mapDefaultEntry) {
+    return getSerializedSizeLite(fieldNumber, mapField, mapDefaultEntry);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static <K, V> int getSerializedSizeLite(
+      int fieldNumber, Object mapField, Object defaultEntry) {
+    MapFieldLite<K, V> mapFieldLite = (MapFieldLite<K, V>) mapField;
+    MapEntryLite<K, V> defaultEntryLite = (MapEntryLite<K, V>) defaultEntry;
+
+    if (mapFieldLite.isEmpty()) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int size = 0;
+    for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : mapFieldLite.entrySet()) {
+      size += defaultEntryLite.computeMessageSize(fieldNumber, entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchemas.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchemas.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b398c6102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapFieldSchemas.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+final class MapFieldSchemas {
+  private static final MapFieldSchema FULL_SCHEMA = loadSchemaForFullRuntime();
+  private static final MapFieldSchema LITE_SCHEMA = new MapFieldSchemaLite();
+
+  static MapFieldSchema full() {
+    return FULL_SCHEMA;
+  }
+
+  static MapFieldSchema lite() {
+    return LITE_SCHEMA;
+  }
+
+  private static MapFieldSchema loadSchemaForFullRuntime() {
+    try {
+      Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("com.google.protobuf.MapFieldSchemaFull");
+      return (MapFieldSchema) clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Message.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Message.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b3a015ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Message.java
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// TODO(kenton):  Use generics?  E.g. Builder<BuilderType extends Builder>, then
+//   mergeFrom*() could return BuilderType for better type-safety.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract interface implemented by Protocol Message objects.
+ *
+ * <p>See also {@link MessageLite}, which defines most of the methods that typical users care about.
+ * {@link Message} adds to it methods that are not available in the "lite" runtime. The biggest
+ * added features are introspection and reflection -- i.e., getting descriptors for the message type
+ * and accessing the field values dynamically.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public interface Message extends MessageLite, MessageOrBuilder {
+
+  // (From MessageLite, re-declared here only for return type covariance.)
+  @Override
+  Parser<? extends Message> getParserForType();
+
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Comparison and hashing
+
+  /**
+   * Compares the specified object with this message for equality. Returns {@code true} if the given
+   * object is a message of the same type (as defined by {@code getDescriptorForType()}) and has
+   * identical values for all of its fields. Subclasses must implement this; inheriting {@code
+   * Object.equals()} is incorrect.
+   *
+   * @param other object to be compared for equality with this message
+   * @return {@code true} if the specified object is equal to this message
+   */
+  @Override
+  boolean equals(Object other);
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the hash code value for this message. The hash code of a message should mix the
+   * message's type (object identity of the descriptor) with its contents (known and unknown field
+   * values). Subclasses must implement this; inheriting {@code Object.hashCode()} is incorrect.
+   *
+   * @return the hash code value for this message
+   * @see Map#hashCode()
+   */
+  @Override
+  int hashCode();
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Convenience methods.
+
+  /**
+   * Converts the message to a string in protocol buffer text format. This is just a trivial wrapper
+   * around {@link TextFormat.Printer#printToString(MessageOrBuilder)}.
+   */
+  @Override
+  String toString();
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Builders
+
+  // (From MessageLite, re-declared here only for return type covariance.)
+  @Override
+  Builder newBuilderForType();
+
+  @Override
+  Builder toBuilder();
+
+  /** Abstract interface implemented by Protocol Message builders. */
+  interface Builder extends MessageLite.Builder, MessageOrBuilder {
+    // (From MessageLite.Builder, re-declared here only for return type
+    // covariance.)
+    @Override
+    Builder clear();
+
+    /**
+     * Merge {@code other} into the message being built. {@code other} must have the exact same type
+     * as {@code this} (i.e. {@code getDescriptorForType() == other.getDescriptorForType()}).
+     *
+     * <p>Merging occurs as follows. For each field:<br>
+     * * For singular primitive fields, if the field is set in {@code other}, then {@code other}'s
+     * value overwrites the value in this message.<br>
+     * * For singular message fields, if the field is set in {@code other}, it is merged into the
+     * corresponding sub-message of this message using the same merging rules.<br>
+     * * For repeated fields, the elements in {@code other} are concatenated with the elements in
+     * this message.<br>
+     * * For oneof groups, if the other message has one of the fields set, the group of this message
+     * is cleared and replaced by the field of the other message, so that the oneof constraint is
+     * preserved.
+     *
+     * <p>This is equivalent to the {@code Message::MergeFrom} method in C++.
+     */
+    Builder mergeFrom(Message other);
+
+    // (From MessageLite.Builder, re-declared here only for return type
+    // covariance.)
+    @Override
+    Message build();
+
+    @Override
+    Message buildPartial();
+
+    @Override
+    Builder clone();
+
+    @Override
+    Builder mergeFrom(CodedInputStream input) throws IOException;
+
+    @Override
+    Builder mergeFrom(CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException;
+
+    /** Get the message's type's descriptor. See {@link Message#getDescriptorForType()}. */
+    @Override
+    Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType();
+
+    /**
+     * Create a builder for messages of the appropriate type for the given field. The
+     * builder is NOT nested in the current builder. However, messages built with the
+     * builder can then be passed to the {@link #setField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, Object)},
+     * {@link #setRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, int, Object)}, or
+     * {@link #addRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, Object)}
+     * method of the current builder.
+     *
+     * <p>To obtain a builder nested in the current builder, use
+     * {@link #getFieldBuilder(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)} instead.
+     */
+    Builder newBuilderForField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field);
+
+    /**
+     * Get a nested builder instance for the given field.
+     *
+     * <p>Normally, we hold a reference to the immutable message object for the message type field.
+     * Some implementations(the generated message builders), however, can also hold a reference to
+     * the builder object (a nested builder) for the field.
+     *
+     * <p>If the field is already backed up by a nested builder, the nested builder will be
+     * returned. Otherwise, a new field builder will be created and returned. The original message
+     * field (if exist) will be merged into the field builder, which will then be nested into its
+     * parent builder.
+     *
+     * <p>NOTE: implementations that do not support nested builders will throw <code>
+     * UnsupportedOperationException</code>.
+     */
+    Builder getFieldBuilder(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field);
+
+    /**
+     * Get a nested builder instance for the given repeated field instance.
+     *
+     * <p>Normally, we hold a reference to the immutable message object for the message type field.
+     * Some implementations(the generated message builders), however, can also hold a reference to
+     * the builder object (a nested builder) for the field.
+     *
+     * <p>If the field is already backed up by a nested builder, the nested builder will be
+     * returned. Otherwise, a new field builder will be created and returned. The original message
+     * field (if exist) will be merged into the field builder, which will then be nested into its
+     * parent builder.
+     *
+     * <p>NOTE: implementations that do not support nested builders will throw <code>
+     * UnsupportedOperationException</code>.
+     */
+    Builder getRepeatedFieldBuilder(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index);
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a field to the given value. The value must be of the correct type for this field, i.e.
+     * the same type that {@link Message#getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)} would return.
+     */
+    Builder setField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value);
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the field. This is exactly equivalent to calling the generated "clear" accessor method
+     * corresponding to the field.
+     */
+    Builder clearField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field);
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the oneof. This is exactly equivalent to calling the generated "clear" accessor method
+     * corresponding to the oneof.
+     */
+    Builder clearOneof(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof);
+
+    /**
+     * Sets an element of a repeated field to the given value. The value must be of the correct type
+     * for this field, i.e. the same type that {@link
+     * Message#getRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor,int)} would return.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException The field is not a repeated field, or {@code
+     *     field.getContainingType() != getDescriptorForType()}.
+     */
+    Builder setRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index, Object value);
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@code setRepeatedField}, but appends the value as a new element.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException The field is not a repeated field, or {@code
+     *     field.getContainingType() != getDescriptorForType()}.
+     */
+    Builder addRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value);
+
+    /** Set the {@link UnknownFieldSet} for this message. */
+    Builder setUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields);
+
+    /** Merge some unknown fields into the {@link UnknownFieldSet} for this message. */
+    Builder mergeUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields);
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Convenience methods.
+
+    // (From MessageLite.Builder, re-declared here only for return type
+    // covariance.)
+    @Override
+    Builder mergeFrom(ByteString data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+    @Override
+    Builder mergeFrom(ByteString data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+    @Override
+    Builder mergeFrom(byte[] data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+    @Override
+    Builder mergeFrom(byte[] data, int off, int len) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+    @Override
+    Builder mergeFrom(byte[] data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+    @Override
+    Builder mergeFrom(byte[] data, int off, int len, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+    @Override
+    Builder mergeFrom(InputStream input) throws IOException;
+
+    @Override
+    Builder mergeFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException;
+
+    @Override
+    boolean mergeDelimitedFrom(InputStream input) throws IOException;
+
+    @Override
+    boolean mergeDelimitedFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageInfo.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageInfo.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..69e318696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/** A MesageInfo object describes a proto message type. */
+interface MessageInfo {
+  /** Gets syntax for this type. */
+  ProtoSyntax getSyntax();
+
+  /** Whether this type is MessageSet. */
+  boolean isMessageSetWireFormat();
+
+  /** Gets the default instance of this type. */
+  MessageLite getDefaultInstance();
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageInfoFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageInfoFactory.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..005c26d05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageInfoFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/** A factory that creates {@link MessageInfo} instances for message types. */
+@ExperimentalApi
+interface MessageInfoFactory {
+  /** Whether the message class is supported by this factory. */
+  boolean isSupported(Class<?> clazz);
+
+  /** Returns a information of the message class. */
+  MessageInfo messageInfoFor(Class<?> clazz);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLite.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d2ef33a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// TODO(kenton):  Use generics?  E.g. Builder<BuilderType extends Builder>, then
+//   mergeFrom*() could return BuilderType for better type-safety.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract interface implemented by Protocol Message objects.
+ *
+ * <p>This interface is implemented by all protocol message objects. Non-lite messages additionally
+ * implement the Message interface, which is a subclass of MessageLite. Use MessageLite instead when
+ * you only need the subset of features which it supports -- namely, nothing that uses descriptors
+ * or reflection. You can instruct the protocol compiler to generate classes which implement only
+ * MessageLite, not the full Message interface, by adding the follow line to the .proto file:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>This is particularly useful on resource-constrained systems where the full protocol buffers
+ * runtime library is too big.
+ *
+ * <p>Note that on non-constrained systems (e.g. servers) when you need to link in lots of protocol
+ * definitions, a better way to reduce total code footprint is to use {@code optimize_for =
+ * CODE_SIZE}. This will make the generated code smaller while still supporting all the same
+ * features (at the expense of speed). {@code optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME} is best when you only
+ * have a small number of message types linked into your binary, in which case the size of the
+ * protocol buffers runtime itself is the biggest problem.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public interface MessageLite extends MessageLiteOrBuilder {
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes the message and writes it to {@code output}. This does not flush or close the
+   * stream.
+   */
+  void writeTo(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Get the number of bytes required to encode this message. The result is only computed on the
+   * first call and memoized after that.
+   */
+  int getSerializedSize();
+
+  /** Gets the parser for a message of the same type as this message. */
+  Parser<? extends MessageLite> getParserForType();
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Convenience methods.
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes the message to a {@code ByteString} and returns it. This is just a trivial wrapper
+   * around {@link #writeTo(CodedOutputStream)}.
+   */
+  ByteString toByteString();
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes the message to a {@code byte} array and returns it. This is just a trivial wrapper
+   * around {@link #writeTo(CodedOutputStream)}.
+   */
+  byte[] toByteArray();
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes the message and writes it to {@code output}. This is just a trivial wrapper around
+   * {@link #writeTo(CodedOutputStream)}. This does not flush or close the stream.
+   *
+   * <p>NOTE: Protocol Buffers are not self-delimiting. Therefore, if you write any more data to the
+   * stream after the message, you must somehow ensure that the parser on the receiving end does not
+   * interpret this as being part of the protocol message. This can be done e.g. by writing the size
+   * of the message before the data, then making sure to limit the input to that size on the
+   * receiving end (e.g. by wrapping the InputStream in one which limits the input). Alternatively,
+   * just use {@link #writeDelimitedTo(OutputStream)}.
+   */
+  void writeTo(OutputStream output) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #writeTo(OutputStream)}, but writes the size of the message as a varint before
+   * writing the data. This allows more data to be written to the stream after the message without
+   * the need to delimit the message data yourself. Use {@link
+   * Builder#mergeDelimitedFrom(InputStream)} (or the static method {@code
+   * YourMessageType.parseDelimitedFrom(InputStream)}) to parse messages written by this method.
+   */
+  void writeDelimitedTo(OutputStream output) throws IOException;
+
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Builders
+
+  /** Constructs a new builder for a message of the same type as this message. */
+  Builder newBuilderForType();
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a builder initialized with the current message. Use this to derive a new message
+   * from the current one.
+   */
+  Builder toBuilder();
+
+  /** Abstract interface implemented by Protocol Message builders. */
+  interface Builder extends MessageLiteOrBuilder, Cloneable {
+    /** Resets all fields to their default values. */
+    Builder clear();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs the message based on the state of the Builder. Subsequent changes to the Builder
+     * will not affect the returned message.
+     *
+     * @throws UninitializedMessageException The message is missing one or more required fields
+     *     (i.e. {@link #isInitialized()} returns false). Use {@link #buildPartial()} to bypass this
+     *     check.
+     */
+    MessageLite build();
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@link #build()}, but does not throw an exception if the message is missing required
+     * fields. Instead, a partial message is returned. Subsequent changes to the Builder will not
+     * affect the returned message.
+     */
+    MessageLite buildPartial();
+
+    /**
+     * Clones the Builder.
+     *
+     * @see Object#clone()
+     */
+    Builder clone();
+
+    /**
+     * Parses a message of this type from the input and merges it with this message.
+     *
+     * <p>Warning: This does not verify that all required fields are present in the input message.
+     * If you call {@link #build()} without setting all required fields, it will throw an {@link
+     * UninitializedMessageException}, which is a {@code RuntimeException} and thus might not be
+     * caught. There are a few good ways to deal with this:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>Call {@link #isInitialized()} to verify that all required fields are set before
+     *       building.
+     *   <li>Use {@code buildPartial()} to build, which ignores missing required fields.
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * <p>Note: The caller should call {@link CodedInputStream#checkLastTagWas(int)} after calling
+     * this to verify that the last tag seen was the appropriate end-group tag, or zero for EOF.
+     */
+    Builder mergeFrom(CodedInputStream input) throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@link Builder#mergeFrom(CodedInputStream)}, but also parses extensions. The extensions
+     * that you want to be able to parse must be registered in {@code extensionRegistry}. Extensions
+     * not in the registry will be treated as unknown fields.
+     */
+    Builder mergeFrom(CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException;
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Convenience methods.
+
+    /**
+     * Parse {@code data} as a message of this type and merge it with the message being built. This
+     * is just a small wrapper around {@link #mergeFrom(CodedInputStream)}.
+     *
+     * @return this
+     */
+    Builder mergeFrom(ByteString data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+    /**
+     * Parse {@code data} as a message of this type and merge it with the message being built. This
+     * is just a small wrapper around {@link #mergeFrom(CodedInputStream,ExtensionRegistryLite)}.
+     *
+     * @return this
+     */
+    Builder mergeFrom(ByteString data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+    /**
+     * Parse {@code data} as a message of this type and merge it with the message being built. This
+     * is just a small wrapper around {@link #mergeFrom(CodedInputStream)}.
+     *
+     * @return this
+     */
+    Builder mergeFrom(byte[] data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+    /**
+     * Parse {@code data} as a message of this type and merge it with the message being built. This
+     * is just a small wrapper around {@link #mergeFrom(CodedInputStream)}.
+     *
+     * @return this
+     */
+    Builder mergeFrom(byte[] data, int off, int len) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+    /**
+     * Parse {@code data} as a message of this type and merge it with the message being built. This
+     * is just a small wrapper around {@link #mergeFrom(CodedInputStream,ExtensionRegistryLite)}.
+     *
+     * @return this
+     */
+    Builder mergeFrom(byte[] data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+    /**
+     * Parse {@code data} as a message of this type and merge it with the message being built. This
+     * is just a small wrapper around {@link #mergeFrom(CodedInputStream,ExtensionRegistryLite)}.
+     *
+     * @return this
+     */
+    Builder mergeFrom(byte[] data, int off, int len, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a message of this type from {@code input} and merge it with the message being built.
+     * This is just a small wrapper around {@link #mergeFrom(CodedInputStream)}. Note that this
+     * method always reads the <i>entire</i> input (unless it throws an exception). If you want it
+     * to stop earlier, you will need to wrap your input in some wrapper stream that limits reading.
+     * Or, use {@link MessageLite#writeDelimitedTo(OutputStream)} to write your message and {@link
+     * #mergeDelimitedFrom(InputStream)} to read it.
+     *
+     * <p>Despite usually reading the entire input, this does not close the stream.
+     *
+     * @return this
+     */
+    Builder mergeFrom(InputStream input) throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a message of this type from {@code input} and merge it with the message being built.
+     * This is just a small wrapper around {@link
+     * #mergeFrom(CodedInputStream,ExtensionRegistryLite)}.
+     *
+     * @return this
+     */
+    Builder mergeFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Merge {@code other} into the message being built. {@code other} must have the exact same type
+     * as {@code this} (i.e. {@code getClass().equals(getDefaultInstanceForType().getClass())}).
+     *
+     * <p>Merging occurs as follows. For each field:<br>
+     * * For singular primitive fields, if the field is set in {@code other}, then {@code other}'s
+     * value overwrites the value in this message.<br>
+     * * For singular message fields, if the field is set in {@code other}, it is merged into the
+     * corresponding sub-message of this message using the same merging rules.<br>
+     * * For repeated fields, the elements in {@code other} are concatenated with the elements in
+     * this message. * For oneof groups, if the other message has one of the fields set, the group
+     * of this message is cleared and replaced by the field of the other message, so that the oneof
+     * constraint is preserved.
+     *
+     * <p>This is equivalent to the {@code Message::MergeFrom} method in C++.
+     */
+    Builder mergeFrom(MessageLite other);
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@link #mergeFrom(InputStream)}, but does not read until EOF. Instead, the size of the
+     * message (encoded as a varint) is read first, then the message data. Use {@link
+     * MessageLite#writeDelimitedTo(OutputStream)} to write messages in this format.
+     *
+     * @return True if successful, or false if the stream is at EOF when the method starts. Any
+     *     other error (including reaching EOF during parsing) will cause an exception to be thrown.
+     */
+    boolean mergeDelimitedFrom(InputStream input) throws IOException;
+
+    /** Like {@link #mergeDelimitedFrom(InputStream)} but supporting extensions. */
+    boolean mergeDelimitedFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLiteOrBuilder.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLiteOrBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a5ef3ed5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLiteOrBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/**
+ * Base interface for methods common to {@link MessageLite} and {@link MessageLite.Builder} to
+ * provide type equivalency.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public interface MessageLiteOrBuilder {
+  /**
+   * Get an instance of the type with no fields set. Because no fields are set, all getters for
+   * singular fields will return default values and repeated fields will appear empty. This may or
+   * may not be a singleton. This differs from the {@code getDefaultInstance()} method of generated
+   * message classes in that this method is an abstract method of the {@code MessageLite} interface
+   * whereas {@code getDefaultInstance()} is a static method of a specific class. They return the
+   * same thing.
+   */
+  MessageLite getDefaultInstanceForType();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if all required fields in the message and all embedded messages are set, false
+   * otherwise.
+   *
+   * <p>See also: {@link MessageOrBuilder#getInitializationErrorString()}
+   */
+  boolean isInitialized();
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLiteToString.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLiteToString.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4aea9528a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageLiteToString.java
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+/** Helps generate {@link String} representations of {@link MessageLite} protos. */
+final class MessageLiteToString {
+
+  private static final String LIST_SUFFIX = "List";
+  private static final String BUILDER_LIST_SUFFIX = "OrBuilderList";
+  private static final String MAP_SUFFIX = "Map";
+  private static final String BYTES_SUFFIX = "Bytes";
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a {@link String} representation of the {@link MessageLite} object. The first line of
+   * the {@code String} representation representation includes a comment string to uniquely identify
+   * the object instance. This acts as an indicator that this should not be relied on for
+   * comparisons.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   */
+  static String toString(MessageLite messageLite, String commentString) {
+    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
+    buffer.append("# ").append(commentString);
+    reflectivePrintWithIndent(messageLite, buffer, 0);
+    return buffer.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reflectively prints the {@link MessageLite} to the buffer at given {@code indent} level.
+   *
+   * @param buffer the buffer to write to
+   * @param indent the number of spaces to indent the proto by
+   */
+  private static void reflectivePrintWithIndent(
+      MessageLite messageLite, StringBuilder buffer, int indent) {
+    // Build a map of method name to method. We're looking for methods like getFoo(), hasFoo(),
+    // getFooList() and getFooMap() which might be useful for building an object's string
+    // representation.
+    Map<String, Method> nameToNoArgMethod = new HashMap<String, Method>();
+    Map<String, Method> nameToMethod = new HashMap<String, Method>();
+    Set<String> getters = new TreeSet<String>();
+    for (Method method : messageLite.getClass().getDeclaredMethods()) {
+      nameToMethod.put(method.getName(), method);
+      if (method.getParameterTypes().length == 0) {
+        nameToNoArgMethod.put(method.getName(), method);
+
+        if (method.getName().startsWith("get")) {
+          getters.add(method.getName());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (String getter : getters) {
+      String suffix = getter.startsWith("get") ? getter.substring(3) : getter;
+      if (suffix.endsWith(LIST_SUFFIX)
+          && !suffix.endsWith(BUILDER_LIST_SUFFIX)
+          // Sometimes people have fields named 'list' that aren't repeated.
+          && !suffix.equals(LIST_SUFFIX)) {
+        String camelCase =
+            suffix.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase()
+                + suffix.substring(1, suffix.length() - LIST_SUFFIX.length());
+        // Try to reflectively get the value and toString() the field as if it were repeated. This
+        // only works if the method names have not been proguarded out or renamed.
+        Method listMethod = nameToNoArgMethod.get(getter);
+        if (listMethod != null && listMethod.getReturnType().equals(List.class)) {
+          printField(
+              buffer,
+              indent,
+              camelCaseToSnakeCase(camelCase),
+              GeneratedMessageLite.invokeOrDie(listMethod, messageLite));
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      if (suffix.endsWith(MAP_SUFFIX)
+          // Sometimes people have fields named 'map' that aren't maps.
+          && !suffix.equals(MAP_SUFFIX)) {
+        String camelCase =
+            suffix.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase()
+                + suffix.substring(1, suffix.length() - MAP_SUFFIX.length());
+        // Try to reflectively get the value and toString() the field as if it were a map. This only
+        // works if the method names have not been proguarded out or renamed.
+        Method mapMethod = nameToNoArgMethod.get(getter);
+        if (mapMethod != null
+            && mapMethod.getReturnType().equals(Map.class)
+            // Skip the deprecated getter method with no prefix "Map" when the field name ends with
+            // "map".
+            && !mapMethod.isAnnotationPresent(Deprecated.class)
+            // Skip the internal mutable getter method.
+            && Modifier.isPublic(mapMethod.getModifiers())) {
+          printField(
+              buffer,
+              indent,
+              camelCaseToSnakeCase(camelCase),
+              GeneratedMessageLite.invokeOrDie(mapMethod, messageLite));
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+
+      Method setter = nameToMethod.get("set" + suffix);
+      if (setter == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (suffix.endsWith(BYTES_SUFFIX)
+          && nameToNoArgMethod.containsKey(
+              "get" + suffix.substring(0, suffix.length() - "Bytes".length()))) {
+        // Heuristic to skip bytes based accessors for string fields.
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      String camelCase = suffix.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase() + suffix.substring(1);
+
+      // Try to reflectively get the value and toString() the field as if it were optional. This
+      // only works if the method names have not been proguarded out or renamed.
+      Method getMethod = nameToNoArgMethod.get("get" + suffix);
+      Method hasMethod = nameToNoArgMethod.get("has" + suffix);
+      // TODO(dweis): Fix proto3 semantics.
+      if (getMethod != null) {
+        Object value = GeneratedMessageLite.invokeOrDie(getMethod, messageLite);
+        final boolean hasValue =
+            hasMethod == null
+                ? !isDefaultValue(value)
+                : (Boolean) GeneratedMessageLite.invokeOrDie(hasMethod, messageLite);
+        // TODO(dweis): This doesn't stop printing oneof case twice: value and enum style.
+        if (hasValue) {
+          printField(buffer, indent, camelCaseToSnakeCase(camelCase), value);
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (messageLite instanceof GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableMessage) {
+      Iterator<Map.Entry<GeneratedMessageLite.ExtensionDescriptor, Object>> iter =
+          ((GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableMessage<?, ?>) messageLite).extensions.iterator();
+      while (iter.hasNext()) {
+        Map.Entry<GeneratedMessageLite.ExtensionDescriptor, Object> entry = iter.next();
+        printField(buffer, indent, "[" + entry.getKey().getNumber() + "]", entry.getValue());
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (((GeneratedMessageLite<?, ?>) messageLite).unknownFields != null) {
+      ((GeneratedMessageLite<?, ?>) messageLite).unknownFields.printWithIndent(buffer, indent);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isDefaultValue(Object o) {
+    if (o instanceof Boolean) {
+      return !((Boolean) o);
+    }
+    if (o instanceof Integer) {
+      return ((Integer) o) == 0;
+    }
+    if (o instanceof Float) {
+      return ((Float) o) == 0f;
+    }
+    if (o instanceof Double) {
+      return ((Double) o) == 0d;
+    }
+    if (o instanceof String) {
+      return o.equals("");
+    }
+    if (o instanceof ByteString) {
+      return o.equals(ByteString.EMPTY);
+    }
+    if (o instanceof MessageLite) { // Can happen in oneofs.
+      return o == ((MessageLite) o).getDefaultInstanceForType();
+    }
+    if (o instanceof java.lang.Enum<?>) { // Catches oneof enums.
+      return ((java.lang.Enum<?>) o).ordinal() == 0;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Formats a text proto field.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   *
+   * @param buffer the buffer to write to
+   * @param indent the number of spaces the proto should be indented by
+   * @param name the field name (in lower underscore case)
+   * @param object the object value of the field
+   */
+  static final void printField(StringBuilder buffer, int indent, String name, Object object) {
+    if (object instanceof List<?>) {
+      List<?> list = (List<?>) object;
+      for (Object entry : list) {
+        printField(buffer, indent, name, entry);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    if (object instanceof Map<?, ?>) {
+      Map<?, ?> map = (Map<?, ?>) object;
+      for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : map.entrySet()) {
+        printField(buffer, indent, name, entry);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    buffer.append('\n');
+    for (int i = 0; i < indent; i++) {
+      buffer.append(' ');
+    }
+    buffer.append(name);
+
+    if (object instanceof String) {
+      buffer.append(": \"").append(TextFormatEscaper.escapeText((String) object)).append('"');
+    } else if (object instanceof ByteString) {
+      buffer.append(": \"").append(TextFormatEscaper.escapeBytes((ByteString) object)).append('"');
+    } else if (object instanceof GeneratedMessageLite) {
+      buffer.append(" {");
+      reflectivePrintWithIndent((GeneratedMessageLite<?, ?>) object, buffer, indent + 2);
+      buffer.append("\n");
+      for (int i = 0; i < indent; i++) {
+        buffer.append(' ');
+      }
+      buffer.append("}");
+    } else if (object instanceof Map.Entry<?, ?>) {
+      buffer.append(" {");
+      Map.Entry<?, ?> entry = (Map.Entry<?, ?>) object;
+      printField(buffer, indent + 2, "key", entry.getKey());
+      printField(buffer, indent + 2, "value", entry.getValue());
+      buffer.append("\n");
+      for (int i = 0; i < indent; i++) {
+        buffer.append(' ');
+      }
+      buffer.append("}");
+    } else {
+      buffer.append(": ").append(object.toString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static final String camelCaseToSnakeCase(String camelCase) {
+    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+    for (int i = 0; i < camelCase.length(); i++) {
+      char ch = camelCase.charAt(i);
+      if (Character.isUpperCase(ch)) {
+        builder.append("_");
+      }
+      builder.append(Character.toLowerCase(ch));
+    }
+    return builder.toString();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageOrBuilder.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageOrBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0254df99a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageOrBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Base interface for methods common to {@link Message} and {@link Message.Builder} to provide type
+ * equivalency.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public interface MessageOrBuilder extends MessageLiteOrBuilder {
+
+  // (From MessageLite, re-declared here only for return type covariance.)
+  @Override
+  Message getDefaultInstanceForType();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a list of field paths (e.g. "foo.bar.baz") of required fields which are not set in this
+   * message. You should call {@link MessageLiteOrBuilder#isInitialized()} first to check if there
+   * are any missing fields, as that method is likely to be much faster than this one even when the
+   * message is fully-initialized.
+   */
+  List<String> findInitializationErrors();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a comma-delimited list of required fields which are not set in this message object. You
+   * should call {@link MessageLiteOrBuilder#isInitialized()} first to check if there are any
+   * missing fields, as that method is likely to be much faster than this one even when the message
+   * is fully-initialized.
+   */
+  String getInitializationErrorString();
+
+  /**
+   * Get the message's type's descriptor. This differs from the {@code getDescriptor()} method of
+   * generated message classes in that this method is an abstract method of the {@code Message}
+   * interface whereas {@code getDescriptor()} is a static method of a specific class. They return
+   * the same thing.
+   */
+  Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a collection of all the fields in this message which are set and their corresponding
+   * values. A singular ("required" or "optional") field is set iff hasField() returns true for that
+   * field. A "repeated" field is set iff getRepeatedFieldCount() is greater than zero. The values
+   * are exactly what would be returned by calling {@link #getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)}
+   * for each field. The map is guaranteed to be a sorted map, so iterating over it will return
+   * fields in order by field number. <br>
+   * If this is for a builder, the returned map may or may not reflect future changes to the
+   * builder. Either way, the returned map is itself unmodifiable.
+   */
+  Map<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if the given oneof is set.
+   *
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code oneof.getContainingType() !=
+   *     getDescriptorForType()}.
+   */
+  boolean hasOneof(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof);
+
+  /** Obtains the FieldDescriptor if the given oneof is set. Returns null if no field is set. */
+  Descriptors.FieldDescriptor getOneofFieldDescriptor(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof);
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if the given field is set. This is exactly equivalent to calling the generated
+   * "has" accessor method corresponding to the field.
+   *
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException The field is a repeated field, or {@code
+   *     field.getContainingType() != getDescriptorForType()}.
+   */
+  boolean hasField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field);
+
+  /**
+   * Obtains the value of the given field, or the default value if it is not set. For primitive
+   * fields, the boxed primitive value is returned. For enum fields, the EnumValueDescriptor for the
+   * value is returned. For embedded message fields, the sub-message is returned. For repeated
+   * fields, a java.util.List is returned.
+   */
+  Object getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field);
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the number of elements of a repeated field. This is exactly equivalent to calling the
+   * generated "Count" accessor method corresponding to the field.
+   *
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException The field is not a repeated field, or {@code
+   *     field.getContainingType() != getDescriptorForType()}.
+   */
+  int getRepeatedFieldCount(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field);
+
+  /**
+   * Gets an element of a repeated field. For primitive fields, the boxed primitive value is
+   * returned. For enum fields, the EnumValueDescriptor for the value is returned. For embedded
+   * message fields, the sub-message is returned.
+   *
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException The field is not a repeated field, or {@code
+   *     field.getContainingType() != getDescriptorForType()}.
+   */
+  Object getRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index);
+
+  /** Get the {@link UnknownFieldSet} for this message. */
+  UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields();
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageReflection.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageReflection.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6741e1cb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageReflection.java
@@ -0,0 +1,991 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+
+/**
+ * Reflection utility methods shared by both mutable and immutable messages.
+ *
+ * @author liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+ */
+class MessageReflection {
+
+  static void writeMessageTo(
+      Message message,
+      Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> fields,
+      CodedOutputStream output,
+      boolean alwaysWriteRequiredFields)
+      throws IOException {
+    final boolean isMessageSet =
+        message.getDescriptorForType().getOptions().getMessageSetWireFormat();
+    if (alwaysWriteRequiredFields) {
+      fields = new TreeMap<FieldDescriptor, Object>(fields);
+      for (final FieldDescriptor field : message.getDescriptorForType().getFields()) {
+        if (field.isRequired() && !fields.containsKey(field)) {
+          fields.put(field, message.getField(field));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    for (final Map.Entry<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, Object> entry : fields.entrySet()) {
+      final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field = entry.getKey();
+      final Object value = entry.getValue();
+      if (isMessageSet
+          && field.isExtension()
+          && field.getType() == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE
+          && !field.isRepeated()) {
+        output.writeMessageSetExtension(field.getNumber(), (Message) value);
+      } else {
+        FieldSet.writeField(field, value, output);
+      }
+    }
+
+    final UnknownFieldSet unknownFields = message.getUnknownFields();
+    if (isMessageSet) {
+      unknownFields.writeAsMessageSetTo(output);
+    } else {
+      unknownFields.writeTo(output);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int getSerializedSize(Message message, Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> fields) {
+    int size = 0;
+    final boolean isMessageSet =
+        message.getDescriptorForType().getOptions().getMessageSetWireFormat();
+
+    for (final Map.Entry<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, Object> entry : fields.entrySet()) {
+      final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field = entry.getKey();
+      final Object value = entry.getValue();
+      if (isMessageSet
+          && field.isExtension()
+          && field.getType() == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE
+          && !field.isRepeated()) {
+        size +=
+            CodedOutputStream.computeMessageSetExtensionSize(field.getNumber(), (Message) value);
+      } else {
+        size += FieldSet.computeFieldSize(field, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    final UnknownFieldSet unknownFields = message.getUnknownFields();
+    if (isMessageSet) {
+      size += unknownFields.getSerializedSizeAsMessageSet();
+    } else {
+      size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  static String delimitWithCommas(List<String> parts) {
+    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+    for (String part : parts) {
+      if (result.length() > 0) {
+        result.append(", ");
+      }
+      result.append(part);
+    }
+    return result.toString();
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  static boolean isInitialized(MessageOrBuilder message) {
+    // Check that all required fields are present.
+    for (final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field : message.getDescriptorForType().getFields()) {
+      if (field.isRequired()) {
+        if (!message.hasField(field)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Check that embedded messages are initialized.
+    for (final Map.Entry<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, Object> entry :
+        message.getAllFields().entrySet()) {
+      final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field = entry.getKey();
+      if (field.getJavaType() == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        if (field.isRepeated()) {
+          for (final Message element : (List<Message>) entry.getValue()) {
+            if (!element.isInitialized()) {
+              return false;
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (!((Message) entry.getValue()).isInitialized()) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private static String subMessagePrefix(
+      final String prefix, final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, final int index) {
+    final StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(prefix);
+    if (field.isExtension()) {
+      result.append('(').append(field.getFullName()).append(')');
+    } else {
+      result.append(field.getName());
+    }
+    if (index != -1) {
+      result.append('[').append(index).append(']');
+    }
+    result.append('.');
+    return result.toString();
+  }
+
+  private static void findMissingFields(
+      final MessageOrBuilder message, final String prefix, final List<String> results) {
+    for (final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field : message.getDescriptorForType().getFields()) {
+      if (field.isRequired() && !message.hasField(field)) {
+        results.add(prefix + field.getName());
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (final Map.Entry<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, Object> entry :
+        message.getAllFields().entrySet()) {
+      final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field = entry.getKey();
+      final Object value = entry.getValue();
+
+      if (field.getJavaType() == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        if (field.isRepeated()) {
+          int i = 0;
+          for (final Object element : (List) value) {
+            findMissingFields(
+                (MessageOrBuilder) element, subMessagePrefix(prefix, field, i++), results);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (message.hasField(field)) {
+            findMissingFields(
+                (MessageOrBuilder) value, subMessagePrefix(prefix, field, -1), results);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Populates {@code this.missingFields} with the full "path" of each missing required field in the
+   * given message.
+   */
+  static List<String> findMissingFields(final MessageOrBuilder message) {
+    final List<String> results = new ArrayList<String>();
+    findMissingFields(message, "", results);
+    return results;
+  }
+
+  static interface MergeTarget {
+    enum ContainerType {
+      MESSAGE,
+      EXTENSION_SET
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the descriptor for the target. */
+    public Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType();
+
+    public ContainerType getContainerType();
+
+    public ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo findExtensionByName(
+        ExtensionRegistry registry, String name);
+
+    public ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo findExtensionByNumber(
+        ExtensionRegistry registry, Descriptors.Descriptor containingType, int fieldNumber);
+
+    /**
+     * Obtains the value of the given field, or the default value if it is not set. For primitive
+     * fields, the boxed primitive value is returned. For enum fields, the EnumValueDescriptor for
+     * the value is returned. For embedded message fields, the sub-message is returned. For repeated
+     * fields, a java.util.List is returned.
+     */
+    public Object getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the given field is set. This is exactly equivalent to calling the generated
+     * "has" accessor method corresponding to the field.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException The field is a repeated field, or {@code
+     *     field.getContainingType() != getDescriptorForType()}.
+     */
+    boolean hasField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field);
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a field to the given value. The value must be of the correct type for this field, i.e.
+     * the same type that {@link Message#getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)} would return.
+     */
+    MergeTarget setField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value);
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the field. This is exactly equivalent to calling the generated "clear" accessor method
+     * corresponding to the field.
+     */
+    MergeTarget clearField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field);
+
+    /**
+     * Sets an element of a repeated field to the given value. The value must be of the correct type
+     * for this field, i.e. the same type that {@link
+     * Message#getRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, int)} would return.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException The field is not a repeated field, or {@code
+     *     field.getContainingType() != getDescriptorForType()}.
+     */
+    MergeTarget setRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index, Object value);
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@code setRepeatedField}, but appends the value as a new element.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException The field is not a repeated field, or {@code
+     *     field.getContainingType() != getDescriptorForType()}.
+     */
+    MergeTarget addRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the given oneof is set.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code oneof.getContainingType() !=
+     *     getDescriptorForType()}.
+     */
+    boolean hasOneof(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof);
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the oneof. This is exactly equivalent to calling the generated "clear" accessor method
+     * corresponding to the oneof.
+     */
+    MergeTarget clearOneof(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof);
+
+    /** Obtains the FieldDescriptor if the given oneof is set. Returns null if no field is set. */
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor getOneofFieldDescriptor(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof);
+
+    /**
+     * Parse the input stream into a sub field group defined based on either FieldDescriptor or the
+     * default instance.
+     */
+    Object parseGroup(
+        CodedInputStream input,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite registry,
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor descriptor,
+        Message defaultInstance)
+        throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Parse the input stream into a sub field message defined based on either FieldDescriptor or
+     * the default instance.
+     */
+    Object parseMessage(
+        CodedInputStream input,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite registry,
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor descriptor,
+        Message defaultInstance)
+        throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Parse from a ByteString into a sub field message defined based on either FieldDescriptor or
+     * the default instance. There isn't a varint indicating the length of the message at the
+     * beginning of the input ByteString.
+     */
+    Object parseMessageFromBytes(
+        ByteString bytes,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite registry,
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor descriptor,
+        Message defaultInstance)
+        throws IOException;
+
+    /** Returns the UTF8 validation level for the field. */
+    WireFormat.Utf8Validation getUtf8Validation(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor descriptor);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a new merge target for a sub-field. When defaultInstance is provided, it indicates
+     * the descriptor is for an extension type, and implementations should create a new instance
+     * from the defaultInstance prototype directly.
+     */
+    MergeTarget newMergeTargetForField(
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor descriptor, Message defaultInstance);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an empty merge target for a sub-field. When defaultInstance is provided, it indicates
+     * the descriptor is for an extension type, and implementations should create a new instance
+     * from the defaultInstance prototype directly.
+     */
+    MergeTarget newEmptyTargetForField(
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor descriptor, Message defaultInstance);
+
+    /** Finishes the merge and returns the underlying object. */
+    Object finish();
+  }
+
+  static class BuilderAdapter implements MergeTarget {
+
+    private final Message.Builder builder;
+
+    @Override
+    public Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
+      return builder.getDescriptorForType();
+    }
+
+    public BuilderAdapter(Message.Builder builder) {
+      this.builder = builder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return builder.getField(field);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return builder.hasField(field);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MergeTarget setField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value) {
+      builder.setField(field, value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MergeTarget clearField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      builder.clearField(field);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MergeTarget setRepeatedField(
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index, Object value) {
+      builder.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MergeTarget addRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value) {
+      builder.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasOneof(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      return builder.hasOneof(oneof);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MergeTarget clearOneof(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      builder.clearOneof(oneof);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Descriptors.FieldDescriptor getOneofFieldDescriptor(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      return builder.getOneofFieldDescriptor(oneof);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ContainerType getContainerType() {
+      return ContainerType.MESSAGE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo findExtensionByName(
+        ExtensionRegistry registry, String name) {
+      return registry.findImmutableExtensionByName(name);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo findExtensionByNumber(
+        ExtensionRegistry registry, Descriptors.Descriptor containingType, int fieldNumber) {
+      return registry.findImmutableExtensionByNumber(containingType, fieldNumber);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object parseGroup(
+        CodedInputStream input,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        Message defaultInstance)
+        throws IOException {
+      Message.Builder subBuilder;
+      // When default instance is not null. The field is an extension field.
+      if (defaultInstance != null) {
+        subBuilder = defaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+      } else {
+        subBuilder = builder.newBuilderForField(field);
+      }
+      if (!field.isRepeated()) {
+        Message originalMessage = (Message) getField(field);
+        if (originalMessage != null) {
+          subBuilder.mergeFrom(originalMessage);
+        }
+      }
+      input.readGroup(field.getNumber(), subBuilder, extensionRegistry);
+      return subBuilder.buildPartial();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object parseMessage(
+        CodedInputStream input,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        Message defaultInstance)
+        throws IOException {
+      Message.Builder subBuilder;
+      // When default instance is not null. The field is an extension field.
+      if (defaultInstance != null) {
+        subBuilder = defaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+      } else {
+        subBuilder = builder.newBuilderForField(field);
+      }
+      if (!field.isRepeated()) {
+        Message originalMessage = (Message) getField(field);
+        if (originalMessage != null) {
+          subBuilder.mergeFrom(originalMessage);
+        }
+      }
+      input.readMessage(subBuilder, extensionRegistry);
+      return subBuilder.buildPartial();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object parseMessageFromBytes(
+        ByteString bytes,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        Message defaultInstance)
+        throws IOException {
+      Message.Builder subBuilder;
+      // When default instance is not null. The field is an extension field.
+      if (defaultInstance != null) {
+        subBuilder = defaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+      } else {
+        subBuilder = builder.newBuilderForField(field);
+      }
+      if (!field.isRepeated()) {
+        Message originalMessage = (Message) getField(field);
+        if (originalMessage != null) {
+          subBuilder.mergeFrom(originalMessage);
+        }
+      }
+      subBuilder.mergeFrom(bytes, extensionRegistry);
+      return subBuilder.buildPartial();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MergeTarget newMergeTargetForField(
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Message defaultInstance) {
+      Message.Builder subBuilder;
+      if (defaultInstance != null) {
+        subBuilder = defaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+      } else {
+        subBuilder = builder.newBuilderForField(field);
+      }
+      if (!field.isRepeated()) {
+        Message originalMessage = (Message) getField(field);
+        if (originalMessage != null) {
+          subBuilder.mergeFrom(originalMessage);
+        }
+      }
+      return new BuilderAdapter(subBuilder);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MergeTarget newEmptyTargetForField(
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Message defaultInstance) {
+      Message.Builder subBuilder;
+      if (defaultInstance != null) {
+        subBuilder = defaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+      } else {
+        subBuilder = builder.newBuilderForField(field);
+      }
+      return new BuilderAdapter(subBuilder);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public WireFormat.Utf8Validation getUtf8Validation(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor descriptor) {
+      if (descriptor.needsUtf8Check()) {
+        return WireFormat.Utf8Validation.STRICT;
+      }
+      // TODO(liujisi): support lazy strings for repeated fields.
+      if (!descriptor.isRepeated() && builder instanceof GeneratedMessage.Builder) {
+        return WireFormat.Utf8Validation.LAZY;
+      }
+      return WireFormat.Utf8Validation.LOOSE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object finish() {
+      return builder.buildPartial();
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  static class ExtensionAdapter implements MergeTarget {
+
+    private final FieldSet<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor> extensions;
+
+    ExtensionAdapter(FieldSet<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor> extensions) {
+      this.extensions = extensions;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("getDescriptorForType() called on FieldSet object");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return extensions.getField(field);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return extensions.hasField(field);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MergeTarget setField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value) {
+      extensions.setField(field, value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MergeTarget clearField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      extensions.clearField(field);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MergeTarget setRepeatedField(
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index, Object value) {
+      extensions.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MergeTarget addRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value) {
+      extensions.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasOneof(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MergeTarget clearOneof(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      // Nothing to clear.
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Descriptors.FieldDescriptor getOneofFieldDescriptor(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ContainerType getContainerType() {
+      return ContainerType.EXTENSION_SET;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo findExtensionByName(
+        ExtensionRegistry registry, String name) {
+      return registry.findImmutableExtensionByName(name);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo findExtensionByNumber(
+        ExtensionRegistry registry, Descriptors.Descriptor containingType, int fieldNumber) {
+      return registry.findImmutableExtensionByNumber(containingType, fieldNumber);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object parseGroup(
+        CodedInputStream input,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite registry,
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        Message defaultInstance)
+        throws IOException {
+      Message.Builder subBuilder = defaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+      if (!field.isRepeated()) {
+        Message originalMessage = (Message) getField(field);
+        if (originalMessage != null) {
+          subBuilder.mergeFrom(originalMessage);
+        }
+      }
+      input.readGroup(field.getNumber(), subBuilder, registry);
+      return subBuilder.buildPartial();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object parseMessage(
+        CodedInputStream input,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite registry,
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        Message defaultInstance)
+        throws IOException {
+      Message.Builder subBuilder = defaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+      if (!field.isRepeated()) {
+        Message originalMessage = (Message) getField(field);
+        if (originalMessage != null) {
+          subBuilder.mergeFrom(originalMessage);
+        }
+      }
+      input.readMessage(subBuilder, registry);
+      return subBuilder.buildPartial();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object parseMessageFromBytes(
+        ByteString bytes,
+        ExtensionRegistryLite registry,
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
+        Message defaultInstance)
+        throws IOException {
+      Message.Builder subBuilder = defaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+      if (!field.isRepeated()) {
+        Message originalMessage = (Message) getField(field);
+        if (originalMessage != null) {
+          subBuilder.mergeFrom(originalMessage);
+        }
+      }
+      subBuilder.mergeFrom(bytes, registry);
+      return subBuilder.buildPartial();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MergeTarget newMergeTargetForField(
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor descriptor, Message defaultInstance) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("newMergeTargetForField() called on FieldSet object");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MergeTarget newEmptyTargetForField(
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor descriptor, Message defaultInstance) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("newEmptyTargetForField() called on FieldSet object");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public WireFormat.Utf8Validation getUtf8Validation(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor descriptor) {
+      if (descriptor.needsUtf8Check()) {
+        return WireFormat.Utf8Validation.STRICT;
+      }
+      // TODO(liujisi): support lazy strings for ExtesnsionSet.
+      return WireFormat.Utf8Validation.LOOSE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object finish() {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("finish() called on FieldSet object");
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses a single field into MergeTarget. The target can be Message.Builder, FieldSet or
+   * MutableMessage.
+   *
+   * <p>Package-private because it is used by GeneratedMessage.ExtendableMessage.
+   *
+   * @param tag The tag, which should have already been read.
+   * @param unknownFields If not null, unknown fields will be merged to this {@link
+   *     UnknownFieldSet}, otherwise unknown fields will be discarded.
+   * @return {@code true} unless the tag is an end-group tag.
+   */
+  static boolean mergeFieldFrom(
+      CodedInputStream input,
+      UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      Descriptors.Descriptor type,
+      MergeTarget target,
+      int tag)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (type.getOptions().getMessageSetWireFormat() && tag == WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_TAG) {
+      mergeMessageSetExtensionFromCodedStream(
+          input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, type, target);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    final int wireType = WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag);
+    final int fieldNumber = WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag);
+
+    final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field;
+    Message defaultInstance = null;
+
+    if (type.isExtensionNumber(fieldNumber)) {
+      // extensionRegistry may be either ExtensionRegistry or
+      // ExtensionRegistryLite.  Since the type we are parsing is a full
+      // message, only a full ExtensionRegistry could possibly contain
+      // extensions of it.  Otherwise we will treat the registry as if it
+      // were empty.
+      if (extensionRegistry instanceof ExtensionRegistry) {
+        final ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo extension =
+            target.findExtensionByNumber((ExtensionRegistry) extensionRegistry, type, fieldNumber);
+        if (extension == null) {
+          field = null;
+        } else {
+          field = extension.descriptor;
+          defaultInstance = extension.defaultInstance;
+          if (defaultInstance == null
+              && field.getJavaType() == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "Message-typed extension lacked default instance: " + field.getFullName());
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        field = null;
+      }
+    } else if (target.getContainerType() == MergeTarget.ContainerType.MESSAGE) {
+      field = type.findFieldByNumber(fieldNumber);
+    } else {
+      field = null;
+    }
+
+    boolean unknown = false;
+    boolean packed = false;
+    if (field == null) {
+      unknown = true; // Unknown field.
+    } else if (wireType
+        == FieldSet.getWireFormatForFieldType(field.getLiteType(), /* isPacked= */ false)) {
+      packed = false;
+    } else if (field.isPackable()
+        && wireType
+            == FieldSet.getWireFormatForFieldType(field.getLiteType(), /* isPacked= */ true)) {
+      packed = true;
+    } else {
+      unknown = true; // Unknown wire type.
+    }
+
+    if (unknown) { // Unknown field or wrong wire type.  Skip.
+      if (unknownFields != null) {
+        return unknownFields.mergeFieldFrom(tag, input);
+      } else {
+        return input.skipField(tag);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (packed) {
+      final int length = input.readRawVarint32();
+      final int limit = input.pushLimit(length);
+      if (field.getLiteType() == WireFormat.FieldType.ENUM) {
+        while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+          final int rawValue = input.readEnum();
+          if (field.getFile().supportsUnknownEnumValue()) {
+            target.addRepeatedField(
+                field, field.getEnumType().findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(rawValue));
+          } else {
+            final Object value = field.getEnumType().findValueByNumber(rawValue);
+            // If the number isn't recognized as a valid value for this enum,
+            // add it to the unknown fields.
+            if (value == null) {
+              if (unknownFields != null) {
+                unknownFields.mergeVarintField(fieldNumber, rawValue);
+              }
+            } else {
+              target.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+          final Object value =
+              WireFormat.readPrimitiveField(
+                  input, field.getLiteType(), target.getUtf8Validation(field));
+          target.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+        }
+      }
+      input.popLimit(limit);
+    } else {
+      final Object value;
+      switch (field.getType()) {
+        case GROUP:
+          {
+            value = target.parseGroup(input, extensionRegistry, field, defaultInstance);
+            break;
+          }
+        case MESSAGE:
+          {
+            value = target.parseMessage(input, extensionRegistry, field, defaultInstance);
+            break;
+          }
+        case ENUM:
+          final int rawValue = input.readEnum();
+          if (field.getFile().supportsUnknownEnumValue()) {
+            value = field.getEnumType().findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(rawValue);
+          } else {
+            value = field.getEnumType().findValueByNumber(rawValue);
+            // If the number isn't recognized as a valid value for this enum,
+            // add it to the unknown fields.
+            if (value == null) {
+              if (unknownFields != null) {
+                unknownFields.mergeVarintField(fieldNumber, rawValue);
+              }
+              return true;
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          value =
+              WireFormat.readPrimitiveField(
+                  input, field.getLiteType(), target.getUtf8Validation(field));
+          break;
+      }
+
+      if (field.isRepeated()) {
+        target.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+      } else {
+        target.setField(field, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** Called by {@code #mergeFieldFrom()} to parse a MessageSet extension into MergeTarget. */
+  private static void mergeMessageSetExtensionFromCodedStream(
+      CodedInputStream input,
+      UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      Descriptors.Descriptor type,
+      MergeTarget target)
+      throws IOException {
+
+    // The wire format for MessageSet is:
+    //   message MessageSet {
+    //     repeated group Item = 1 {
+    //       required int32 typeId = 2;
+    //       required bytes message = 3;
+    //     }
+    //   }
+    // "typeId" is the extension's field number.  The extension can only be
+    // a message type, where "message" contains the encoded bytes of that
+    // message.
+    //
+    // In practice, we will probably never see a MessageSet item in which
+    // the message appears before the type ID, or where either field does not
+    // appear exactly once.  However, in theory such cases are valid, so we
+    // should be prepared to accept them.
+
+    int typeId = 0;
+    ByteString rawBytes = null; // If we encounter "message" before "typeId"
+    ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo extension = null;
+
+    // Read bytes from input, if we get it's type first then parse it eagerly,
+    // otherwise we store the raw bytes in a local variable.
+    while (true) {
+      final int tag = input.readTag();
+      if (tag == 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      if (tag == WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID_TAG) {
+        typeId = input.readUInt32();
+        if (typeId != 0) {
+          // extensionRegistry may be either ExtensionRegistry or
+          // ExtensionRegistryLite. Since the type we are parsing is a full
+          // message, only a full ExtensionRegistry could possibly contain
+          // extensions of it. Otherwise we will treat the registry as if it
+          // were empty.
+          if (extensionRegistry instanceof ExtensionRegistry) {
+            extension =
+                target.findExtensionByNumber((ExtensionRegistry) extensionRegistry, type, typeId);
+          }
+        }
+
+      } else if (tag == WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE_TAG) {
+        if (typeId != 0) {
+          if (extension != null && ExtensionRegistryLite.isEagerlyParseMessageSets()) {
+            // We already know the type, so we can parse directly from the
+            // input with no copying.  Hooray!
+            eagerlyMergeMessageSetExtension(input, extension, extensionRegistry, target);
+            rawBytes = null;
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+        // We haven't seen a type ID yet or we want parse message lazily.
+        rawBytes = input.readBytes();
+
+      } else { // Unknown tag. Skip it.
+        if (!input.skipField(tag)) {
+          break; // End of group
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    input.checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_END_TAG);
+
+    // Process the raw bytes.
+    if (rawBytes != null && typeId != 0) { // Zero is not a valid type ID.
+      if (extension != null) { // We known the type
+        mergeMessageSetExtensionFromBytes(rawBytes, extension, extensionRegistry, target);
+      } else { // We don't know how to parse this. Ignore it.
+        if (rawBytes != null && unknownFields != null) {
+          unknownFields.mergeField(
+              typeId, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addLengthDelimited(rawBytes).build());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void mergeMessageSetExtensionFromBytes(
+      ByteString rawBytes,
+      ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo extension,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      MergeTarget target)
+      throws IOException {
+
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field = extension.descriptor;
+    boolean hasOriginalValue = target.hasField(field);
+
+    if (hasOriginalValue || ExtensionRegistryLite.isEagerlyParseMessageSets()) {
+      // If the field already exists, we just parse the field.
+      Object value =
+          target.parseMessageFromBytes(
+              rawBytes, extensionRegistry, field, extension.defaultInstance);
+      target.setField(field, value);
+    } else {
+      // Use LazyField to load MessageSet lazily.
+      LazyField lazyField = new LazyField(extension.defaultInstance, extensionRegistry, rawBytes);
+      target.setField(field, lazyField);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void eagerlyMergeMessageSetExtension(
+      CodedInputStream input,
+      ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo extension,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      MergeTarget target)
+      throws IOException {
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field = extension.descriptor;
+    Object value = target.parseMessage(input, extensionRegistry, field, extension.defaultInstance);
+    target.setField(field, value);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageSchema.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageSchema.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8f9ce7328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageSchema.java
@@ -0,0 +1,5882 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeBoolList;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeBytes;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeBytesList;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeDouble;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeDoubleList;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeExtensionOrUnknownField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeFixed32;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeFixed32List;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeFixed64;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeFixed64List;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeFloat;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeFloatList;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeGroupField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeGroupList;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeMessageField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeMessageList;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodePackedBoolList;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodePackedDoubleList;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodePackedFixed32List;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodePackedFixed64List;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodePackedFloatList;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodePackedSInt32List;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodePackedSInt64List;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodePackedVarint32List;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodePackedVarint64List;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeSInt32List;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeSInt64List;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeString;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeStringList;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeStringListRequireUtf8;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeStringRequireUtf8;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeUnknownField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeVarint32;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeVarint32List;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeVarint64;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.decodeVarint64List;
+import static com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.skipField;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.Registers;
+import com.google.protobuf.ByteString.CodedBuilder;
+import com.google.protobuf.FieldSet.FieldDescriptorLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumVerifier;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList;
+import com.google.protobuf.MapEntryLite.Metadata;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/** Schema used for standard messages. */
+final class MessageSchema<T> implements Schema<T> {
+  private static final int INTS_PER_FIELD = 3;
+  private static final int OFFSET_BITS = 20;
+  private static final int OFFSET_MASK = 0XFFFFF;
+  private static final int FIELD_TYPE_MASK = 0x0FF00000;
+  private static final int REQUIRED_MASK = 0x10000000;
+  private static final int ENFORCE_UTF8_MASK = 0x20000000;
+  private static final int[] EMPTY_INT_ARRAY = new int[0];
+
+  /** An offset applied to the field type ID for scalar fields that are a member of a oneof. */
+  static final int ONEOF_TYPE_OFFSET = 51 /* FieldType.MAP + 1 */;
+
+  /**
+   * Keep a direct reference to the unsafe object so we don't need to go through the UnsafeUtil
+   * wrapper for every call.
+   */
+  private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE = UnsafeUtil.getUnsafe();
+
+  /**
+   * Holds all information for accessing the message fields. The layout is as follows (field
+   * positions are relative to the offset of the start of the field in the buffer):
+   *
+   * <p>
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * [ 0 -    3] unused
+   * [ 4 -   31] field number
+   * [32 -   33] unused
+   * [34 -   34] whether UTF-8 enforcement should be applied to a string field.
+   * [35 -   35] whether the field is required
+   * [36 -   43] field type / for oneof: field type + {@link #ONEOF_TYPE_OFFSET}
+   * [44 -   63] field offset / oneof value field offset
+   * [64 -   69] unused
+   * [70 -   75] field presence mask shift (unused for oneof/repeated fields)
+   * [76 -   95] presence field offset / oneof case field offset / cached size field offset
+   * </pre>
+   */
+  private final int[] buffer;
+
+  /**
+   * Holds object references for fields. For each field entry in {@code buffer}, there are two
+   * corresponding entries in this array. The content is different from different field types:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   *   Map fields:
+   *     objects[pos] = map default entry instance
+   *     objects[pos + 1] = EnumVerifier if map value is enum, or message class reference if map
+   *                        value is message.
+   *   Message fields:
+   *     objects[pos] = null or cached message schema
+   *     objects[pos + 1] = message class reference
+   *   Enum fields:
+   *     objects[pos] = null
+   *     objects[pos + 1] = EnumVerifier
+   * </pre>
+   */
+  private final Object[] objects;
+
+  private final int minFieldNumber;
+  private final int maxFieldNumber;
+
+  private final MessageLite defaultInstance;
+  private final boolean hasExtensions;
+  private final boolean lite;
+  private final boolean proto3;
+  // TODO(xiaofeng): Make both full-runtime and lite-runtime support cached field size.
+  private final boolean useCachedSizeField;
+
+  /** Represents [checkInitialized positions, map field positions, repeated field offsets]. */
+  private final int[] intArray;
+
+  /**
+   * Values at indices 0 -> checkInitializedCount in intArray are positions to check for
+   * initialization.
+   */
+  private final int checkInitializedCount;
+
+  /**
+   * Values at indices checkInitializedCount -> repeatedFieldOffsetStart are map positions.
+   * Everything after that are repeated field offsets.
+   */
+  private final int repeatedFieldOffsetStart;
+
+  private final NewInstanceSchema newInstanceSchema;
+  private final ListFieldSchema listFieldSchema;
+  private final UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> unknownFieldSchema;
+  private final ExtensionSchema<?> extensionSchema;
+  private final MapFieldSchema mapFieldSchema;
+
+  private MessageSchema(
+      int[] buffer,
+      Object[] objects,
+      int minFieldNumber,
+      int maxFieldNumber,
+      MessageLite defaultInstance,
+      boolean proto3,
+      boolean useCachedSizeField,
+      int[] intArray,
+      int checkInitialized,
+      int mapFieldPositions,
+      NewInstanceSchema newInstanceSchema,
+      ListFieldSchema listFieldSchema,
+      UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> unknownFieldSchema,
+      ExtensionSchema<?> extensionSchema,
+      MapFieldSchema mapFieldSchema) {
+    this.buffer = buffer;
+    this.objects = objects;
+    this.minFieldNumber = minFieldNumber;
+    this.maxFieldNumber = maxFieldNumber;
+
+    this.lite = defaultInstance instanceof GeneratedMessageLite;
+    this.proto3 = proto3;
+    this.hasExtensions = extensionSchema != null && extensionSchema.hasExtensions(defaultInstance);
+    this.useCachedSizeField = useCachedSizeField;
+
+    this.intArray = intArray;
+    this.checkInitializedCount = checkInitialized;
+    this.repeatedFieldOffsetStart = mapFieldPositions;
+
+    this.newInstanceSchema = newInstanceSchema;
+    this.listFieldSchema = listFieldSchema;
+    this.unknownFieldSchema = unknownFieldSchema;
+    this.extensionSchema = extensionSchema;
+    this.defaultInstance = defaultInstance;
+    this.mapFieldSchema = mapFieldSchema;
+  }
+
+  static <T> MessageSchema<T> newSchema(
+      Class<T> messageClass,
+      MessageInfo messageInfo,
+      NewInstanceSchema newInstanceSchema,
+      ListFieldSchema listFieldSchema,
+      UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> unknownFieldSchema,
+      ExtensionSchema<?> extensionSchema,
+      MapFieldSchema mapFieldSchema) {
+    if (messageInfo instanceof RawMessageInfo) {
+      return newSchemaForRawMessageInfo(
+          (RawMessageInfo) messageInfo,
+          newInstanceSchema,
+          listFieldSchema,
+          unknownFieldSchema,
+          extensionSchema,
+          mapFieldSchema);
+
+    } else {
+      return newSchemaForMessageInfo(
+          (StructuralMessageInfo) messageInfo,
+          newInstanceSchema,
+          listFieldSchema,
+          unknownFieldSchema,
+          extensionSchema,
+          mapFieldSchema);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static <T> MessageSchema<T> newSchemaForRawMessageInfo(
+      RawMessageInfo messageInfo,
+      NewInstanceSchema newInstanceSchema,
+      ListFieldSchema listFieldSchema,
+      UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> unknownFieldSchema,
+      ExtensionSchema<?> extensionSchema,
+      MapFieldSchema mapFieldSchema) {
+    final boolean isProto3 = messageInfo.getSyntax() == ProtoSyntax.PROTO3;
+
+    String info = messageInfo.getStringInfo();
+    final int length = info.length();
+    int i = 0;
+
+    int next = info.charAt(i++);
+    if (next >= 0xD800) {
+      int result = next & 0x1FFF;
+      int shift = 13;
+      while ((next = info.charAt(i++)) >= 0xD800) {
+        result |= (next & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+        shift += 13;
+      }
+      next = result | (next << shift);
+    }
+    final int flags = next;
+
+    next = info.charAt(i++);
+    if (next >= 0xD800) {
+      int result = next & 0x1FFF;
+      int shift = 13;
+      while ((next = info.charAt(i++)) >= 0xD800) {
+        result |= (next & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+        shift += 13;
+      }
+      next = result | (next << shift);
+    }
+    final int fieldCount = next;
+
+    final int oneofCount;
+    final int hasBitsCount;
+    final int minFieldNumber;
+    final int maxFieldNumber;
+    final int numEntries;
+    final int mapFieldCount;
+    final int repeatedFieldCount;
+    final int checkInitialized;
+    final int[] intArray;
+    int objectsPosition;
+    if (fieldCount == 0) {
+      oneofCount = 0;
+      hasBitsCount = 0;
+      minFieldNumber = 0;
+      maxFieldNumber = 0;
+      numEntries = 0;
+      mapFieldCount = 0;
+      repeatedFieldCount = 0;
+      checkInitialized = 0;
+      intArray = EMPTY_INT_ARRAY;
+      objectsPosition = 0;
+    } else {
+      next = info.charAt(i++);
+      if (next >= 0xD800) {
+        int result = next & 0x1FFF;
+        int shift = 13;
+        while ((next = info.charAt(i++)) >= 0xD800) {
+          result |= (next & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+          shift += 13;
+        }
+        next = result | (next << shift);
+      }
+      oneofCount = next;
+
+      next = info.charAt(i++);
+      if (next >= 0xD800) {
+        int result = next & 0x1FFF;
+        int shift = 13;
+        while ((next = info.charAt(i++)) >= 0xD800) {
+          result |= (next & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+          shift += 13;
+        }
+        next = result | (next << shift);
+      }
+      hasBitsCount = next;
+
+      next = info.charAt(i++);
+      if (next >= 0xD800) {
+        int result = next & 0x1FFF;
+        int shift = 13;
+        while ((next = info.charAt(i++)) >= 0xD800) {
+          result |= (next & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+          shift += 13;
+        }
+        next = result | (next << shift);
+      }
+      minFieldNumber = next;
+
+      next = info.charAt(i++);
+      if (next >= 0xD800) {
+        int result = next & 0x1FFF;
+        int shift = 13;
+        while ((next = info.charAt(i++)) >= 0xD800) {
+          result |= (next & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+          shift += 13;
+        }
+        next = result | (next << shift);
+      }
+      maxFieldNumber = next;
+
+      next = info.charAt(i++);
+      if (next >= 0xD800) {
+        int result = next & 0x1FFF;
+        int shift = 13;
+        while ((next = info.charAt(i++)) >= 0xD800) {
+          result |= (next & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+          shift += 13;
+        }
+        next = result | (next << shift);
+      }
+      numEntries = next;
+
+      next = info.charAt(i++);
+      if (next >= 0xD800) {
+        int result = next & 0x1FFF;
+        int shift = 13;
+        while ((next = info.charAt(i++)) >= 0xD800) {
+          result |= (next & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+          shift += 13;
+        }
+        next = result | (next << shift);
+      }
+      mapFieldCount = next;
+
+      next = info.charAt(i++);
+      if (next >= 0xD800) {
+        int result = next & 0x1FFF;
+        int shift = 13;
+        while ((next = info.charAt(i++)) >= 0xD800) {
+          result |= (next & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+          shift += 13;
+        }
+        next = result | (next << shift);
+      }
+      repeatedFieldCount = next;
+
+      next = info.charAt(i++);
+      if (next >= 0xD800) {
+        int result = next & 0x1FFF;
+        int shift = 13;
+        while ((next = info.charAt(i++)) >= 0xD800) {
+          result |= (next & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+          shift += 13;
+        }
+        next = result | (next << shift);
+      }
+      checkInitialized = next;
+      intArray = new int[checkInitialized + mapFieldCount + repeatedFieldCount];
+      // Field objects are after a list of (oneof, oneofCase) pairs  + a list of hasbits fields.
+      objectsPosition = oneofCount * 2 + hasBitsCount;
+    }
+
+    final sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = UNSAFE;
+    final Object[] messageInfoObjects = messageInfo.getObjects();
+    int checkInitializedPosition = 0;
+    final Class<?> messageClass = messageInfo.getDefaultInstance().getClass();
+    int[] buffer = new int[numEntries * INTS_PER_FIELD];
+    Object[] objects = new Object[numEntries * 2];
+
+    int mapFieldIndex = checkInitialized;
+    int repeatedFieldIndex = checkInitialized + mapFieldCount;
+
+    int bufferIndex = 0;
+    while (i < length) {
+      final int fieldNumber;
+      final int fieldTypeWithExtraBits;
+      final int fieldType;
+
+      next = info.charAt(i++);
+      if (next >= 0xD800) {
+        int result = next & 0x1FFF;
+        int shift = 13;
+        while ((next = info.charAt(i++)) >= 0xD800) {
+          result |= (next & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+          shift += 13;
+        }
+        next = result | (next << shift);
+      }
+      fieldNumber = next;
+
+      next = info.charAt(i++);
+      if (next >= 0xD800) {
+        int result = next & 0x1FFF;
+        int shift = 13;
+        while ((next = info.charAt(i++)) >= 0xD800) {
+          result |= (next & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+          shift += 13;
+        }
+        next = result | (next << shift);
+      }
+      fieldTypeWithExtraBits = next;
+      fieldType = fieldTypeWithExtraBits & 0xFF;
+
+      if ((fieldTypeWithExtraBits & 0x400) != 0) {
+        intArray[checkInitializedPosition++] = bufferIndex;
+      }
+
+      final int fieldOffset;
+      final int presenceMaskShift;
+      final int presenceFieldOffset;
+
+      // Oneof
+      if (fieldType >= ONEOF_TYPE_OFFSET) {
+        next = info.charAt(i++);
+        if (next >= 0xD800) {
+          int result = next & 0x1FFF;
+          int shift = 13;
+          while ((next = info.charAt(i++)) >= 0xD800) {
+            result |= (next & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+            shift += 13;
+          }
+          next = result | (next << shift);
+        }
+        int oneofIndex = next;
+
+        final int oneofFieldType = fieldType - ONEOF_TYPE_OFFSET;
+        if (oneofFieldType == 9 /* FieldType.MESSAGE */
+            || oneofFieldType == 17 /* FieldType.GROUP */) {
+          objects[bufferIndex / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2 + 1] = messageInfoObjects[objectsPosition++];
+        } else if (oneofFieldType == 12 /* FieldType.ENUM */) {
+          // proto2
+          if ((flags & 0x1) == 0x1) {
+            objects[bufferIndex / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2 + 1] = messageInfoObjects[objectsPosition++];
+          }
+        }
+
+        final java.lang.reflect.Field oneofField;
+        int index = oneofIndex * 2;
+        Object o = messageInfoObjects[index];
+        if (o instanceof java.lang.reflect.Field) {
+          oneofField = (java.lang.reflect.Field) o;
+        } else {
+          oneofField = reflectField(messageClass, (String) o);
+          // Memoize java.lang.reflect.Field instances for oneof/hasbits fields, since they're
+          // potentially used for many Protobuf fields.  Since there's a 1-1 mapping from the
+          // Protobuf field to the Java Field for non-oneofs, there's no benefit for memoizing
+          // those.
+          messageInfoObjects[index] = oneofField;
+        }
+
+        fieldOffset = (int) unsafe.objectFieldOffset(oneofField);
+
+        final java.lang.reflect.Field oneofCaseField;
+        index++;
+        o = messageInfoObjects[index];
+        if (o instanceof java.lang.reflect.Field) {
+          oneofCaseField = (java.lang.reflect.Field) o;
+        } else {
+          oneofCaseField = reflectField(messageClass, (String) o);
+          messageInfoObjects[index] = oneofCaseField;
+        }
+
+        presenceFieldOffset = (int) unsafe.objectFieldOffset(oneofCaseField);
+        presenceMaskShift = 0;
+      } else {
+        Field field = reflectField(messageClass, (String) messageInfoObjects[objectsPosition++]);
+        if (fieldType == 9 /* FieldType.MESSAGE */ || fieldType == 17 /* FieldType.GROUP */) {
+          objects[bufferIndex / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2 + 1] = field.getType();
+        } else if (fieldType == 27 /* FieldType.MESSAGE_LIST */
+            || fieldType == 49 /* FieldType.GROUP_LIST */) {
+          objects[bufferIndex / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2 + 1] = messageInfoObjects[objectsPosition++];
+        } else if (fieldType == 12 /* FieldType.ENUM */
+            || fieldType == 30 /* FieldType.ENUM_LIST */
+            || fieldType == 44 /* FieldType.ENUM_LIST_PACKED */) {
+          if ((flags & 0x1) == 0x1) {
+            objects[bufferIndex / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2 + 1] = messageInfoObjects[objectsPosition++];
+          }
+        } else if (fieldType == 50 /* FieldType.MAP */) {
+          intArray[mapFieldIndex++] = bufferIndex;
+          objects[bufferIndex / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2] = messageInfoObjects[objectsPosition++];
+          if ((fieldTypeWithExtraBits & 0x800) != 0) {
+            objects[bufferIndex / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2 + 1] = messageInfoObjects[objectsPosition++];
+          }
+        }
+
+        fieldOffset = (int) unsafe.objectFieldOffset(field);
+        if ((flags & 0x1) == 0x1 && fieldType <= 17 /* FieldType.GROUP */) {
+          next = info.charAt(i++);
+          if (next >= 0xD800) {
+            int result = next & 0x1FFF;
+            int shift = 13;
+            while ((next = info.charAt(i++)) >= 0xD800) {
+              result |= (next & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+              shift += 13;
+            }
+            next = result | (next << shift);
+          }
+          int hasBitsIndex = next;
+
+          final java.lang.reflect.Field hasBitsField;
+          int index = oneofCount * 2 + hasBitsIndex / 32;
+          Object o = messageInfoObjects[index];
+          if (o instanceof java.lang.reflect.Field) {
+            hasBitsField = (java.lang.reflect.Field) o;
+          } else {
+            hasBitsField = reflectField(messageClass, (String) o);
+            messageInfoObjects[index] = hasBitsField;
+          }
+
+          presenceFieldOffset = (int) unsafe.objectFieldOffset(hasBitsField);
+          presenceMaskShift = hasBitsIndex % 32;
+        } else {
+          presenceFieldOffset = 0;
+          presenceMaskShift = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (fieldType >= 18 && fieldType <= 49) {
+          // Field types of repeated fields are in a consecutive range from 18 (DOUBLE_LIST) to
+          // 49 (GROUP_LIST).
+          intArray[repeatedFieldIndex++] = fieldOffset;
+        }
+      }
+
+      buffer[bufferIndex++] = fieldNumber;
+      buffer[bufferIndex++] =
+          ((fieldTypeWithExtraBits & 0x200) != 0 ? ENFORCE_UTF8_MASK : 0)
+              | ((fieldTypeWithExtraBits & 0x100) != 0 ? REQUIRED_MASK : 0)
+              | (fieldType << OFFSET_BITS)
+              | fieldOffset;
+      buffer[bufferIndex++] = (presenceMaskShift << OFFSET_BITS) | presenceFieldOffset;
+    }
+
+    return new MessageSchema<T>(
+        buffer,
+        objects,
+        minFieldNumber,
+        maxFieldNumber,
+        messageInfo.getDefaultInstance(),
+        isProto3,
+        /* useCachedSizeField= */ false,
+        intArray,
+        checkInitialized,
+        checkInitialized + mapFieldCount,
+        newInstanceSchema,
+        listFieldSchema,
+        unknownFieldSchema,
+        extensionSchema,
+        mapFieldSchema);
+  }
+
+  private static java.lang.reflect.Field reflectField(Class<?> messageClass, String fieldName) {
+    try {
+      return messageClass.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
+    } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
+      // Some Samsung devices lie about what fields are present via the getDeclaredField API so
+      // we do the for loop properly that they seem to have messed up...
+      java.lang.reflect.Field[] fields = messageClass.getDeclaredFields();
+      for (java.lang.reflect.Field field : fields) {
+        if (fieldName.equals(field.getName())) {
+          return field;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // If we make it here, the runtime still lies about what we know to be true at compile
+      // time. We throw to alert server monitoring for further remediation.
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          "Field "
+              + fieldName
+              + " for "
+              + messageClass.getName()
+              + " not found. Known fields are "
+              + Arrays.toString(fields));
+    }
+  }
+
+  static <T> MessageSchema<T> newSchemaForMessageInfo(
+      StructuralMessageInfo messageInfo,
+      NewInstanceSchema newInstanceSchema,
+      ListFieldSchema listFieldSchema,
+      UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> unknownFieldSchema,
+      ExtensionSchema<?> extensionSchema,
+      MapFieldSchema mapFieldSchema) {
+    final boolean isProto3 = messageInfo.getSyntax() == ProtoSyntax.PROTO3;
+    FieldInfo[] fis = messageInfo.getFields();
+    final int minFieldNumber;
+    final int maxFieldNumber;
+    if (fis.length == 0) {
+      minFieldNumber = 0;
+      maxFieldNumber = 0;
+    } else {
+      minFieldNumber = fis[0].getFieldNumber();
+      maxFieldNumber = fis[fis.length - 1].getFieldNumber();
+    }
+
+    final int numEntries = fis.length;
+
+    int[] buffer = new int[numEntries * INTS_PER_FIELD];
+    Object[] objects = new Object[numEntries * 2];
+
+    int mapFieldCount = 0;
+    int repeatedFieldCount = 0;
+    for (FieldInfo fi : fis) {
+      if (fi.getType() == FieldType.MAP) {
+        mapFieldCount++;
+      } else if (fi.getType().id() >= 18 && fi.getType().id() <= 49) {
+        // Field types of repeated fields are in a consecutive range from 18 (DOUBLE_LIST) to
+        // 49 (GROUP_LIST).
+        repeatedFieldCount++;
+      }
+    }
+    int[] mapFieldPositions = mapFieldCount > 0 ? new int[mapFieldCount] : null;
+    int[] repeatedFieldOffsets = repeatedFieldCount > 0 ? new int[repeatedFieldCount] : null;
+    mapFieldCount = 0;
+    repeatedFieldCount = 0;
+
+    int[] checkInitialized = messageInfo.getCheckInitialized();
+    if (checkInitialized == null) {
+      checkInitialized = EMPTY_INT_ARRAY;
+    }
+    int checkInitializedIndex = 0;
+    // Fill in the manifest data from the descriptors.
+    int fieldIndex = 0;
+    for (int bufferIndex = 0; fieldIndex < fis.length; bufferIndex += INTS_PER_FIELD) {
+      final FieldInfo fi = fis[fieldIndex];
+      final int fieldNumber = fi.getFieldNumber();
+
+      // We found the entry for the next field. Store the entry in the manifest for
+      // this field and increment the field index.
+      storeFieldData(fi, buffer, bufferIndex, isProto3, objects);
+
+      // Convert field number to index
+      if (checkInitializedIndex < checkInitialized.length
+          && checkInitialized[checkInitializedIndex] == fieldNumber) {
+        checkInitialized[checkInitializedIndex++] = bufferIndex;
+      }
+
+      if (fi.getType() == FieldType.MAP) {
+        mapFieldPositions[mapFieldCount++] = bufferIndex;
+      } else if (fi.getType().id() >= 18 && fi.getType().id() <= 49) {
+        // Field types of repeated fields are in a consecutive range from 18 (DOUBLE_LIST) to
+        // 49 (GROUP_LIST).
+        repeatedFieldOffsets[repeatedFieldCount++] =
+            (int) UnsafeUtil.objectFieldOffset(fi.getField());
+      }
+
+      fieldIndex++;
+    }
+
+    if (mapFieldPositions == null) {
+      mapFieldPositions = EMPTY_INT_ARRAY;
+    }
+    if (repeatedFieldOffsets == null) {
+      repeatedFieldOffsets = EMPTY_INT_ARRAY;
+    }
+    int[] combined =
+        new int[checkInitialized.length + mapFieldPositions.length + repeatedFieldOffsets.length];
+    System.arraycopy(checkInitialized, 0, combined, 0, checkInitialized.length);
+    System.arraycopy(
+        mapFieldPositions, 0, combined, checkInitialized.length, mapFieldPositions.length);
+    System.arraycopy(
+        repeatedFieldOffsets,
+        0,
+        combined,
+        checkInitialized.length + mapFieldPositions.length,
+        repeatedFieldOffsets.length);
+
+    return new MessageSchema<T>(
+        buffer,
+        objects,
+        minFieldNumber,
+        maxFieldNumber,
+        messageInfo.getDefaultInstance(),
+        isProto3,
+        /* useCachedSizeField= */ true,
+        combined,
+        checkInitialized.length,
+        checkInitialized.length + mapFieldPositions.length,
+        newInstanceSchema,
+        listFieldSchema,
+        unknownFieldSchema,
+        extensionSchema,
+        mapFieldSchema);
+  }
+
+  private static void storeFieldData(
+      FieldInfo fi, int[] buffer, int bufferIndex, boolean proto3, Object[] objects) {
+    final int fieldOffset;
+    final int typeId;
+    final int presenceMaskShift;
+    final int presenceFieldOffset;
+
+    OneofInfo oneof = fi.getOneof();
+    if (oneof != null) {
+      typeId = fi.getType().id() + ONEOF_TYPE_OFFSET;
+      fieldOffset = (int) UnsafeUtil.objectFieldOffset(oneof.getValueField());
+      presenceFieldOffset = (int) UnsafeUtil.objectFieldOffset(oneof.getCaseField());
+      presenceMaskShift = 0;
+    } else {
+      FieldType type = fi.getType();
+      fieldOffset = (int) UnsafeUtil.objectFieldOffset(fi.getField());
+      typeId = type.id();
+      if (!proto3 && !type.isList() && !type.isMap()) {
+        presenceFieldOffset = (int) UnsafeUtil.objectFieldOffset(fi.getPresenceField());
+        presenceMaskShift = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(fi.getPresenceMask());
+      } else {
+        if (fi.getCachedSizeField() == null) {
+          presenceFieldOffset = 0;
+          presenceMaskShift = 0;
+        } else {
+          presenceFieldOffset = (int) UnsafeUtil.objectFieldOffset(fi.getCachedSizeField());
+          presenceMaskShift = 0;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    buffer[bufferIndex] = fi.getFieldNumber();
+    buffer[bufferIndex + 1] =
+        (fi.isEnforceUtf8() ? ENFORCE_UTF8_MASK : 0)
+            | (fi.isRequired() ? REQUIRED_MASK : 0)
+            | (typeId << OFFSET_BITS)
+            | fieldOffset;
+    buffer[bufferIndex + 2] = (presenceMaskShift << OFFSET_BITS) | presenceFieldOffset;
+
+    Object messageFieldClass = fi.getMessageFieldClass();
+    if (fi.getMapDefaultEntry() != null) {
+      objects[bufferIndex / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2] = fi.getMapDefaultEntry();
+      if (messageFieldClass != null) {
+        objects[bufferIndex / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2 + 1] = messageFieldClass;
+      } else if (fi.getEnumVerifier() != null) {
+        objects[bufferIndex / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2 + 1] = fi.getEnumVerifier();
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (messageFieldClass != null) {
+        objects[bufferIndex / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2 + 1] = messageFieldClass;
+      } else if (fi.getEnumVerifier() != null) {
+        objects[bufferIndex / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2 + 1] = fi.getEnumVerifier();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  @Override
+  public T newInstance() {
+    return (T) newInstanceSchema.newInstance(defaultInstance);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(T message, T other) {
+    final int bufferLength = buffer.length;
+    for (int pos = 0; pos < bufferLength; pos += INTS_PER_FIELD) {
+      if (!equals(message, other, pos)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    Object messageUnknown = unknownFieldSchema.getFromMessage(message);
+    Object otherUnknown = unknownFieldSchema.getFromMessage(other);
+    if (!messageUnknown.equals(otherUnknown)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (hasExtensions) {
+      FieldSet<?> messageExtensions = extensionSchema.getExtensions(message);
+      FieldSet<?> otherExtensions = extensionSchema.getExtensions(other);
+      return messageExtensions.equals(otherExtensions);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private boolean equals(T message, T other, int pos) {
+    final int typeAndOffset = typeAndOffsetAt(pos);
+    final long offset = offset(typeAndOffset);
+
+    switch (type(typeAndOffset)) {
+      case 0: // DOUBLE:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && Double.doubleToLongBits(UnsafeUtil.getDouble(message, offset))
+                == Double.doubleToLongBits(UnsafeUtil.getDouble(other, offset));
+      case 1: // FLOAT:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && Float.floatToIntBits(UnsafeUtil.getFloat(message, offset))
+                == Float.floatToIntBits(UnsafeUtil.getFloat(other, offset));
+      case 2: // INT64:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset) == UnsafeUtil.getLong(other, offset);
+      case 3: // UINT64:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset) == UnsafeUtil.getLong(other, offset);
+      case 4: // INT32:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset) == UnsafeUtil.getInt(other, offset);
+      case 5: // FIXED64:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset) == UnsafeUtil.getLong(other, offset);
+      case 6: // FIXED32:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset) == UnsafeUtil.getInt(other, offset);
+      case 7: // BOOL:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && UnsafeUtil.getBoolean(message, offset) == UnsafeUtil.getBoolean(other, offset);
+      case 8: // STRING:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && SchemaUtil.safeEquals(
+                UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset), UnsafeUtil.getObject(other, offset));
+      case 9: // MESSAGE:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && SchemaUtil.safeEquals(
+                UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset), UnsafeUtil.getObject(other, offset));
+      case 10: // BYTES:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && SchemaUtil.safeEquals(
+                UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset), UnsafeUtil.getObject(other, offset));
+      case 11: // UINT32:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset) == UnsafeUtil.getInt(other, offset);
+      case 12: // ENUM:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset) == UnsafeUtil.getInt(other, offset);
+      case 13: // SFIXED32:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset) == UnsafeUtil.getInt(other, offset);
+      case 14: // SFIXED64:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset) == UnsafeUtil.getLong(other, offset);
+      case 15: // SINT32:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset) == UnsafeUtil.getInt(other, offset);
+      case 16: // SINT64:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset) == UnsafeUtil.getLong(other, offset);
+      case 17: // GROUP:
+        return arePresentForEquals(message, other, pos)
+            && SchemaUtil.safeEquals(
+                UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset), UnsafeUtil.getObject(other, offset));
+
+      case 18: // DOUBLE_LIST:
+      case 19: // FLOAT_LIST:
+      case 20: // INT64_LIST:
+      case 21: // UINT64_LIST:
+      case 22: // INT32_LIST:
+      case 23: // FIXED64_LIST:
+      case 24: // FIXED32_LIST:
+      case 25: // BOOL_LIST:
+      case 26: // STRING_LIST:
+      case 27: // MESSAGE_LIST:
+      case 28: // BYTES_LIST:
+      case 29: // UINT32_LIST:
+      case 30: // ENUM_LIST:
+      case 31: // SFIXED32_LIST:
+      case 32: // SFIXED64_LIST:
+      case 33: // SINT32_LIST:
+      case 34: // SINT64_LIST:
+      case 35: // DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 36: // FLOAT_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 37: // INT64_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 38: // UINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 39: // INT32_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 40: // FIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 41: // FIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 42: // BOOL_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 43: // UINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 44: // ENUM_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 45: // SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 46: // SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 47: // SINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 48: // SINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 49: // GROUP_LIST:
+        return SchemaUtil.safeEquals(
+            UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset), UnsafeUtil.getObject(other, offset));
+      case 50: // MAP:
+        return SchemaUtil.safeEquals(
+            UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset), UnsafeUtil.getObject(other, offset));
+      case 51: // ONEOF_DOUBLE:
+      case 52: // ONEOF_FLOAT:
+      case 53: // ONEOF_INT64:
+      case 54: // ONEOF_UINT64:
+      case 55: // ONEOF_INT32:
+      case 56: // ONEOF_FIXED64:
+      case 57: // ONEOF_FIXED32:
+      case 58: // ONEOF_BOOL:
+      case 59: // ONEOF_STRING:
+      case 60: // ONEOF_MESSAGE:
+      case 61: // ONEOF_BYTES:
+      case 62: // ONEOF_UINT32:
+      case 63: // ONEOF_ENUM:
+      case 64: // ONEOF_SFIXED32:
+      case 65: // ONEOF_SFIXED64:
+      case 66: // ONEOF_SINT32:
+      case 67: // ONEOF_SINT64:
+      case 68: // ONEOF_GROUP:
+        return isOneofCaseEqual(message, other, pos)
+            && SchemaUtil.safeEquals(
+                UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset), UnsafeUtil.getObject(other, offset));
+      default:
+        // Assume it's an empty entry - just go to the next entry.
+        return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode(T message) {
+    int hashCode = 0;
+    final int bufferLength = buffer.length;
+    for (int pos = 0; pos < bufferLength; pos += INTS_PER_FIELD) {
+      final int typeAndOffset = typeAndOffsetAt(pos);
+      final int entryNumber = numberAt(pos);
+
+      final long offset = offset(typeAndOffset);
+
+      switch (type(typeAndOffset)) {
+        case 0: // DOUBLE:
+          hashCode =
+              (hashCode * 53)
+                  + Internal.hashLong(
+                      Double.doubleToLongBits(UnsafeUtil.getDouble(message, offset)));
+          break;
+        case 1: // FLOAT:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + Float.floatToIntBits(UnsafeUtil.getFloat(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 2: // INT64:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + Internal.hashLong(UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 3: // UINT64:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + Internal.hashLong(UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 4: // INT32:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + (UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 5: // FIXED64:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + Internal.hashLong(UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 6: // FIXED32:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + (UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 7: // BOOL:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + Internal.hashBoolean(UnsafeUtil.getBoolean(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 8: // STRING:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + ((String) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset)).hashCode();
+          break;
+        case 9: // MESSAGE:
+          {
+            int protoHash = 37;
+            Object submessage = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+            if (submessage != null) {
+              protoHash = submessage.hashCode();
+            }
+            hashCode = (53 * hashCode) + protoHash;
+            break;
+          }
+        case 10: // BYTES:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset).hashCode();
+          break;
+        case 11: // UINT32:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + (UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 12: // ENUM:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + (UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 13: // SFIXED32:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + (UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 14: // SFIXED64:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + Internal.hashLong(UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 15: // SINT32:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + (UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 16: // SINT64:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + Internal.hashLong(UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset));
+          break;
+
+        case 17: // GROUP:
+          {
+            int protoHash = 37;
+            Object submessage = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+            if (submessage != null) {
+              protoHash = submessage.hashCode();
+            }
+            hashCode = (53 * hashCode) + protoHash;
+            break;
+          }
+        case 18: // DOUBLE_LIST:
+        case 19: // FLOAT_LIST:
+        case 20: // INT64_LIST:
+        case 21: // UINT64_LIST:
+        case 22: // INT32_LIST:
+        case 23: // FIXED64_LIST:
+        case 24: // FIXED32_LIST:
+        case 25: // BOOL_LIST:
+        case 26: // STRING_LIST:
+        case 27: // MESSAGE_LIST:
+        case 28: // BYTES_LIST:
+        case 29: // UINT32_LIST:
+        case 30: // ENUM_LIST:
+        case 31: // SFIXED32_LIST:
+        case 32: // SFIXED64_LIST:
+        case 33: // SINT32_LIST:
+        case 34: // SINT64_LIST:
+        case 35: // DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED:
+        case 36: // FLOAT_LIST_PACKED:
+        case 37: // INT64_LIST_PACKED:
+        case 38: // UINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+        case 39: // INT32_LIST_PACKED:
+        case 40: // FIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+        case 41: // FIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+        case 42: // BOOL_LIST_PACKED:
+        case 43: // UINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+        case 44: // ENUM_LIST_PACKED:
+        case 45: // SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+        case 46: // SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+        case 47: // SINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+        case 48: // SINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+        case 49: // GROUP_LIST:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset).hashCode();
+          break;
+        case 50: // MAP:
+          hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset).hashCode();
+          break;
+        case 51: // ONEOF_DOUBLE:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode =
+                (hashCode * 53)
+                    + Internal.hashLong(Double.doubleToLongBits(oneofDoubleAt(message, offset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 52: // ONEOF_FLOAT:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + Float.floatToIntBits(oneofFloatAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 53: // ONEOF_INT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + Internal.hashLong(oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 54: // ONEOF_UINT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + Internal.hashLong(oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 55: // ONEOF_INT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + (oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 56: // ONEOF_FIXED64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + Internal.hashLong(oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 57: // ONEOF_FIXED32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + (oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 58: // ONEOF_BOOL:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + Internal.hashBoolean(oneofBooleanAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 59: // ONEOF_STRING:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode =
+                (hashCode * 53) + ((String) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset)).hashCode();
+          }
+          break;
+        case 60: // ONEOF_MESSAGE:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            Object submessage = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+            hashCode = (53 * hashCode) + submessage.hashCode();
+          }
+          break;
+        case 61: // ONEOF_BYTES:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset).hashCode();
+          }
+          break;
+        case 62: // ONEOF_UINT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + (oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 63: // ONEOF_ENUM:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + (oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 64: // ONEOF_SFIXED32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + (oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 65: // ONEOF_SFIXED64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + Internal.hashLong(oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 66: // ONEOF_SINT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + (oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 67: // ONEOF_SINT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + Internal.hashLong(oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 68: // ONEOF_GROUP:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, entryNumber, pos)) {
+            Object submessage = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+            hashCode = (53 * hashCode) + submessage.hashCode();
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          // Assume it's an empty entry - just go to the next entry.
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + unknownFieldSchema.getFromMessage(message).hashCode();
+
+    if (hasExtensions) {
+      hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + extensionSchema.getExtensions(message).hashCode();
+    }
+
+    return hashCode;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void mergeFrom(T message, T other) {
+    if (other == null) {
+      throw new NullPointerException();
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i += INTS_PER_FIELD) {
+      // A separate method allows for better JIT optimizations
+      mergeSingleField(message, other, i);
+    }
+
+    SchemaUtil.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFieldSchema, message, other);
+
+    if (hasExtensions) {
+      SchemaUtil.mergeExtensions(extensionSchema, message, other);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void mergeSingleField(T message, T other, int pos) {
+    final int typeAndOffset = typeAndOffsetAt(pos);
+    final long offset = offset(typeAndOffset);
+    final int number = numberAt(pos);
+
+    switch (type(typeAndOffset)) {
+      case 0: // DOUBLE:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putDouble(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getDouble(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 1: // FLOAT:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putFloat(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getFloat(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 2: // INT64:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putLong(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getLong(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 3: // UINT64:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putLong(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getLong(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 4: // INT32:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putInt(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getInt(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 5: // FIXED64:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putLong(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getLong(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 6: // FIXED32:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putInt(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getInt(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 7: // BOOL:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putBoolean(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getBoolean(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 8: // STRING:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getObject(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 9: // MESSAGE:
+        mergeMessage(message, other, pos);
+        break;
+      case 10: // BYTES:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getObject(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 11: // UINT32:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putInt(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getInt(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 12: // ENUM:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putInt(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getInt(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 13: // SFIXED32:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putInt(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getInt(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 14: // SFIXED64:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putLong(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getLong(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 15: // SINT32:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putInt(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getInt(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 16: // SINT64:
+        if (isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putLong(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getLong(other, offset));
+          setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 17: // GROUP:
+        mergeMessage(message, other, pos);
+        break;
+      case 18: // DOUBLE_LIST:
+      case 19: // FLOAT_LIST:
+      case 20: // INT64_LIST:
+      case 21: // UINT64_LIST:
+      case 22: // INT32_LIST:
+      case 23: // FIXED64_LIST:
+      case 24: // FIXED32_LIST:
+      case 25: // BOOL_LIST:
+      case 26: // STRING_LIST:
+      case 27: // MESSAGE_LIST:
+      case 28: // BYTES_LIST:
+      case 29: // UINT32_LIST:
+      case 30: // ENUM_LIST:
+      case 31: // SFIXED32_LIST:
+      case 32: // SFIXED64_LIST:
+      case 33: // SINT32_LIST:
+      case 34: // SINT64_LIST:
+      case 35: // DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 36: // FLOAT_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 37: // INT64_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 38: // UINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 39: // INT32_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 40: // FIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 41: // FIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 42: // BOOL_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 43: // UINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 44: // ENUM_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 45: // SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 46: // SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 47: // SINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 48: // SINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 49: // GROUP_LIST:
+        listFieldSchema.mergeListsAt(message, other, offset);
+        break;
+      case 50: // MAP:
+        SchemaUtil.mergeMap(mapFieldSchema, message, other, offset);
+        break;
+      case 51: // ONEOF_DOUBLE:
+      case 52: // ONEOF_FLOAT:
+      case 53: // ONEOF_INT64:
+      case 54: // ONEOF_UINT64:
+      case 55: // ONEOF_INT32:
+      case 56: // ONEOF_FIXED64:
+      case 57: // ONEOF_FIXED32:
+      case 58: // ONEOF_BOOL:
+      case 59: // ONEOF_STRING:
+        if (isOneofPresent(other, number, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getObject(other, offset));
+          setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case 60: // ONEOF_MESSAGE:
+        mergeOneofMessage(message, other, pos);
+        break;
+      case 61: // ONEOF_BYTES:
+      case 62: // ONEOF_UINT32:
+      case 63: // ONEOF_ENUM:
+      case 64: // ONEOF_SFIXED32:
+      case 65: // ONEOF_SFIXED64:
+      case 66: // ONEOF_SINT32:
+      case 67: // ONEOF_SINT64:
+        if (isOneofPresent(other, number, pos)) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, UnsafeUtil.getObject(other, offset));
+          setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 68: // ONEOF_GROUP:
+        mergeOneofMessage(message, other, pos);
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void mergeMessage(T message, T other, int pos) {
+    final int typeAndOffset = typeAndOffsetAt(pos);
+    final long offset = offset(typeAndOffset);
+
+    if (!isFieldPresent(other, pos)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    Object mine = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+    Object theirs = UnsafeUtil.getObject(other, offset);
+    if (mine != null && theirs != null) {
+      Object merged = Internal.mergeMessage(mine, theirs);
+      UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, merged);
+      setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+    } else if (theirs != null) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, theirs);
+      setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void mergeOneofMessage(T message, T other, int pos) {
+    int typeAndOffset = typeAndOffsetAt(pos);
+    int number = numberAt(pos);
+    long offset = offset(typeAndOffset);
+
+    if (!isOneofPresent(other, number, pos)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    Object mine = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+    Object theirs = UnsafeUtil.getObject(other, offset);
+    if (mine != null && theirs != null) {
+      Object merged = Internal.mergeMessage(mine, theirs);
+      UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, merged);
+      setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+    } else if (theirs != null) {
+      UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, theirs);
+      setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getSerializedSize(T message) {
+    return proto3 ? getSerializedSizeProto3(message) : getSerializedSizeProto2(message);
+  }
+  
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private int getSerializedSizeProto2(T message) {
+    int size = 0;
+
+    final sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = UNSAFE;
+    int currentPresenceFieldOffset = -1;
+    int currentPresenceField = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i += INTS_PER_FIELD) {
+      final int typeAndOffset = typeAndOffsetAt(i);
+      final int number = numberAt(i);
+
+      int fieldType = type(typeAndOffset);
+      int presenceMaskAndOffset = 0;
+      int presenceMask = 0;
+      if (fieldType <= 17) {
+        presenceMaskAndOffset = buffer[i + 2];
+        final int presenceFieldOffset = presenceMaskAndOffset & OFFSET_MASK;
+        presenceMask = 1 << (presenceMaskAndOffset >>> OFFSET_BITS);
+        if (presenceFieldOffset != currentPresenceFieldOffset) {
+          currentPresenceFieldOffset = presenceFieldOffset;
+          currentPresenceField = unsafe.getInt(message, (long) presenceFieldOffset);
+        }
+      } else if (useCachedSizeField
+          && fieldType >= FieldType.DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED.id()
+          && fieldType <= FieldType.SINT64_LIST_PACKED.id()) {
+        presenceMaskAndOffset = buffer[i + 2] & OFFSET_MASK;
+      }
+
+      final long offset = offset(typeAndOffset);
+
+      switch (fieldType) {
+        case 0: // DOUBLE:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeDoubleSize(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 1: // FLOAT:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeFloatSize(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 2: // INT64:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeInt64Size(number, unsafe.getLong(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 3: // UINT64:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt64Size(number, unsafe.getLong(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 4: // INT32:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeInt32Size(number, unsafe.getInt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 5: // FIXED64:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeFixed64Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 6: // FIXED32:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeFixed32Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 7: // BOOL:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeBoolSize(number, true);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 8: // STRING:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            Object value = unsafe.getObject(message, offset);
+            if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+              size += CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSize(number, (ByteString) value);
+            } else {
+              size += CodedOutputStream.computeStringSize(number, (String) value);
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        case 9: // MESSAGE:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            Object value = unsafe.getObject(message, offset);
+            size += SchemaUtil.computeSizeMessage(number, value, getMessageFieldSchema(i));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 10: // BYTES:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            ByteString value = (ByteString) unsafe.getObject(message, offset);
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSize(number, value);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 11: // UINT32:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32Size(number, unsafe.getInt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 12: // ENUM:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeEnumSize(number, unsafe.getInt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 13: // SFIXED32:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed32Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 14: // SFIXED64:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed64Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 15: // SINT32:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSInt32Size(number, unsafe.getInt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 16: // SINT64:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSInt64Size(number, unsafe.getLong(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 17: // GROUP:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            size +=
+                CodedOutputStream.computeGroupSize(
+                    number,
+                    (MessageLite) unsafe.getObject(message, offset),
+                    getMessageFieldSchema(i));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 18: // DOUBLE_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed64List(
+                  number, (List<?>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 19: // FLOAT_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed32List(
+                  number, (List<?>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 20: // INT64_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeInt64List(
+                  number, (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 21: // UINT64_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeUInt64List(
+                  number, (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 22: // INT32_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeInt32List(
+                  number, (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 23: // FIXED64_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed64List(
+                  number, (List<?>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 24: // FIXED32_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed32List(
+                  number, (List<?>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 25: // BOOL_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeBoolList(
+                  number, (List<?>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 26: // STRING_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeStringList(number, (List<?>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 27: // MESSAGE_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeMessageList(
+                  number, (List<?>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), getMessageFieldSchema(i));
+          break;
+        case 28: // BYTES_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeByteStringList(
+                  number, (List<ByteString>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 29: // UINT32_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeUInt32List(
+                  number, (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 30: // ENUM_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeEnumList(
+                  number, (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 31: // SFIXED32_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed32List(
+                  number, (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 32: // SFIXED64_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed64List(
+                  number, (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 33: // SINT32_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeSInt32List(
+                  number, (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 34: // SINT64_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeSInt64List(
+                  number, (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 35:
+          { // DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed64ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Double>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) presenceMaskAndOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 36:
+          { // FLOAT_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed32ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Float>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) presenceMaskAndOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 37:
+          { // INT64_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeInt64ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) presenceMaskAndOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 38:
+          { // UINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeUInt64ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) presenceMaskAndOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 39:
+          { // INT32_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeInt32ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) presenceMaskAndOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 40:
+          { // FIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed64ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) presenceMaskAndOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 41:
+          { // FIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed32ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) presenceMaskAndOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 42:
+          { // BOOL_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeBoolListNoTag(
+                    (List<Boolean>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) presenceMaskAndOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 43:
+          { // UINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeUInt32ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) presenceMaskAndOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 44:
+          { // ENUM_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeEnumListNoTag(
+                    (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) presenceMaskAndOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 45:
+          { // SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed32ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) presenceMaskAndOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 46:
+          { // SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed64ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) presenceMaskAndOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 47:
+          { // SINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeSInt32ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) presenceMaskAndOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 48:
+          { // SINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeSInt64ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) presenceMaskAndOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 49: // GROUP_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeGroupList(
+                  number,
+                  (List<MessageLite>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset),
+                  getMessageFieldSchema(i));
+          break;
+        case 50: // MAP:
+          // TODO(dweis): Use schema cache.
+          size +=
+              mapFieldSchema.getSerializedSize(
+                  number, unsafe.getObject(message, offset), getMapFieldDefaultEntry(i));
+          break;
+        case 51: // ONEOF_DOUBLE:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeDoubleSize(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 52: // ONEOF_FLOAT:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeFloatSize(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 53: // ONEOF_INT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeInt64Size(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 54: // ONEOF_UINT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt64Size(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 55: // ONEOF_INT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeInt32Size(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 56: // ONEOF_FIXED64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeFixed64Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 57: // ONEOF_FIXED32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeFixed32Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 58: // ONEOF_BOOL:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeBoolSize(number, true);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 59: // ONEOF_STRING:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            Object value = unsafe.getObject(message, offset);
+            if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+              size += CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSize(number, (ByteString) value);
+            } else {
+              size += CodedOutputStream.computeStringSize(number, (String) value);
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        case 60: // ONEOF_MESSAGE:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            Object value = unsafe.getObject(message, offset);
+            size += SchemaUtil.computeSizeMessage(number, value, getMessageFieldSchema(i));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 61: // ONEOF_BYTES:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size +=
+                CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSize(
+                    number, (ByteString) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 62: // ONEOF_UINT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32Size(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 63: // ONEOF_ENUM:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeEnumSize(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 64: // ONEOF_SFIXED32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed32Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 65: // ONEOF_SFIXED64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed64Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 66: // ONEOF_SINT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSInt32Size(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 67: // ONEOF_SINT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSInt64Size(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 68: // ONEOF_GROUP:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size +=
+                CodedOutputStream.computeGroupSize(
+                    number,
+                    (MessageLite) unsafe.getObject(message, offset),
+                    getMessageFieldSchema(i));
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          // Assume it's an empty entry.
+      }
+    }
+
+    size += getUnknownFieldsSerializedSize(unknownFieldSchema, message);
+
+    if (hasExtensions) {
+      size += extensionSchema.getExtensions(message).getSerializedSize();
+    }
+
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  private int getSerializedSizeProto3(T message) {
+    final sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = UNSAFE;
+    int size = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i += INTS_PER_FIELD) {
+      final int typeAndOffset = typeAndOffsetAt(i);
+      final int fieldType = type(typeAndOffset);
+      final int number = numberAt(i);
+
+      final long offset = offset(typeAndOffset);
+      final int cachedSizeOffset =
+          fieldType >= FieldType.DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED.id()
+                  && fieldType <= FieldType.SINT64_LIST_PACKED.id()
+              ? buffer[i + 2] & OFFSET_MASK
+              : 0;
+
+      switch (fieldType) {
+        case 0: // DOUBLE:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeDoubleSize(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 1: // FLOAT:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeFloatSize(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 2: // INT64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeInt64Size(number, UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 3: // UINT64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size +=
+                CodedOutputStream.computeUInt64Size(number, UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 4: // INT32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeInt32Size(number, UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 5: // FIXED64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeFixed64Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 6: // FIXED32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeFixed32Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 7: // BOOL:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeBoolSize(number, true);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 8: // STRING:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            Object value = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+            if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+              size += CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSize(number, (ByteString) value);
+            } else {
+              size += CodedOutputStream.computeStringSize(number, (String) value);
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        case 9: // MESSAGE:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            Object value = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+            size += SchemaUtil.computeSizeMessage(number, value, getMessageFieldSchema(i));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 10: // BYTES:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            ByteString value = (ByteString) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSize(number, value);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 11: // UINT32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32Size(number, UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 12: // ENUM:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeEnumSize(number, UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 13: // SFIXED32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed32Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 14: // SFIXED64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed64Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 15: // SINT32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSInt32Size(number, UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 16: // SINT64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size +=
+                CodedOutputStream.computeSInt64Size(number, UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 17: // GROUP:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, i)) {
+            size +=
+                CodedOutputStream.computeGroupSize(
+                    number,
+                    (MessageLite) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset),
+                    getMessageFieldSchema(i));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 18: // DOUBLE_LIST:
+          size += SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed64List(number, listAt(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 19: // FLOAT_LIST:
+          size += SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed32List(number, listAt(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 20: // INT64_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeInt64List(number, (List<Long>) listAt(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 21: // UINT64_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeUInt64List(number, (List<Long>) listAt(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 22: // INT32_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeInt32List(
+                  number, (List<Integer>) listAt(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 23: // FIXED64_LIST:
+          size += SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed64List(number, listAt(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 24: // FIXED32_LIST:
+          size += SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed32List(number, listAt(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 25: // BOOL_LIST:
+          size += SchemaUtil.computeSizeBoolList(number, listAt(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 26: // STRING_LIST:
+          size += SchemaUtil.computeSizeStringList(number, listAt(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 27: // MESSAGE_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeMessageList(
+                  number, listAt(message, offset), getMessageFieldSchema(i));
+          break;
+        case 28: // BYTES_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeByteStringList(
+                  number, (List<ByteString>) listAt(message, offset));
+          break;
+        case 29: // UINT32_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeUInt32List(
+                  number, (List<Integer>) listAt(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 30: // ENUM_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeEnumList(
+                  number, (List<Integer>) listAt(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 31: // SFIXED32_LIST:
+          size += SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed32List(number, listAt(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 32: // SFIXED64_LIST:
+          size += SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed64List(number, listAt(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 33: // SINT32_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeSInt32List(
+                  number, (List<Integer>) listAt(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 34: // SINT64_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeSInt64List(number, (List<Long>) listAt(message, offset), false);
+          break;
+        case 35:
+          { // DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed64ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Double>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) cachedSizeOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 36:
+          { // FLOAT_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed32ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Float>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) cachedSizeOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 37:
+          { // INT64_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeInt64ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) cachedSizeOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 38:
+          { // UINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeUInt64ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) cachedSizeOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 39:
+          { // INT32_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeInt32ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) cachedSizeOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 40:
+          { // FIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed64ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) cachedSizeOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 41:
+          { // FIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed32ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) cachedSizeOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 42:
+          { // BOOL_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeBoolListNoTag(
+                    (List<Boolean>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) cachedSizeOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 43:
+          { // UINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeUInt32ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) cachedSizeOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 44:
+          { // ENUM_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeEnumListNoTag(
+                    (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) cachedSizeOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 45:
+          { // SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed32ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) cachedSizeOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 46:
+          { // SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeFixed64ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) cachedSizeOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 47:
+          { // SINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeSInt32ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) cachedSizeOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 48:
+          { // SINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+            int fieldSize =
+                SchemaUtil.computeSizeSInt64ListNoTag(
+                    (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+            if (fieldSize > 0) {
+              if (useCachedSizeField) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, (long) cachedSizeOffset, fieldSize);
+              }
+              size +=
+                  CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(number)
+                      + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(fieldSize)
+                      + fieldSize;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case 49: // GROUP_LIST:
+          size +=
+              SchemaUtil.computeSizeGroupList(
+                  number, (List<MessageLite>) listAt(message, offset), getMessageFieldSchema(i));
+          break;
+        case 50: // MAP:
+          // TODO(dweis): Use schema cache.
+          size +=
+              mapFieldSchema.getSerializedSize(
+                  number, UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset), getMapFieldDefaultEntry(i));
+          break;
+        case 51: // ONEOF_DOUBLE:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeDoubleSize(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 52: // ONEOF_FLOAT:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeFloatSize(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 53: // ONEOF_INT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeInt64Size(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 54: // ONEOF_UINT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt64Size(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 55: // ONEOF_INT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeInt32Size(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 56: // ONEOF_FIXED64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeFixed64Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 57: // ONEOF_FIXED32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeFixed32Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 58: // ONEOF_BOOL:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeBoolSize(number, true);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 59: // ONEOF_STRING:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            Object value = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+            if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+              size += CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSize(number, (ByteString) value);
+            } else {
+              size += CodedOutputStream.computeStringSize(number, (String) value);
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        case 60: // ONEOF_MESSAGE:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            Object value = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+            size += SchemaUtil.computeSizeMessage(number, value, getMessageFieldSchema(i));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 61: // ONEOF_BYTES:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size +=
+                CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSize(
+                    number, (ByteString) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 62: // ONEOF_UINT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32Size(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 63: // ONEOF_ENUM:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeEnumSize(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 64: // ONEOF_SFIXED32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed32Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 65: // ONEOF_SFIXED64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSFixed64Size(number, 0);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 66: // ONEOF_SINT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSInt32Size(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 67: // ONEOF_SINT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size += CodedOutputStream.computeSInt64Size(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 68: // ONEOF_GROUP:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, i)) {
+            size +=
+                CodedOutputStream.computeGroupSize(
+                    number,
+                    (MessageLite) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset),
+                    getMessageFieldSchema(i));
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          // Assume it's an empty entry.
+      }
+    }
+
+    size += getUnknownFieldsSerializedSize(unknownFieldSchema, message);
+
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  private <UT, UB> int getUnknownFieldsSerializedSize(
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> schema, T message) {
+    UT unknowns = schema.getFromMessage(message);
+    return schema.getSerializedSize(unknowns);
+  }
+
+  private static List<?> listAt(Object message, long offset) {
+    return (List<?>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  @Override
+  // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider serializing oneof fields last so that only one entry per
+  // oneof is actually serialized. This would mean that we would violate the serialization order
+  // contract. It should also be noted that Go currently does this.
+  public void writeTo(T message, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (writer.fieldOrder() == Writer.FieldOrder.DESCENDING) {
+      writeFieldsInDescendingOrder(message, writer);
+    } else {
+      if (proto3) {
+        writeFieldsInAscendingOrderProto3(message, writer);
+      } else {
+        writeFieldsInAscendingOrderProto2(message, writer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private void writeFieldsInAscendingOrderProto2(T message, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    Iterator<? extends Map.Entry<?, ?>> extensionIterator = null;
+    Map.Entry nextExtension = null;
+    if (hasExtensions) {
+      FieldSet<?> extensions = extensionSchema.getExtensions(message);
+      if (!extensions.isEmpty()) {
+        extensionIterator = extensions.iterator();
+        nextExtension = extensionIterator.next();
+      }
+    }
+    int currentPresenceFieldOffset = -1;
+    int currentPresenceField = 0;
+    final int bufferLength = buffer.length;
+    final sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = UNSAFE;
+    for (int pos = 0; pos < bufferLength; pos += INTS_PER_FIELD) {
+      final int typeAndOffset = typeAndOffsetAt(pos);
+      final int number = numberAt(pos);
+      final int fieldType = type(typeAndOffset);
+
+      int presenceMaskAndOffset = 0;
+      int presenceMask = 0;
+      if (!proto3 && fieldType <= 17) {
+        presenceMaskAndOffset = buffer[pos + 2];
+        final int presenceFieldOffset = presenceMaskAndOffset & OFFSET_MASK;
+        if (presenceFieldOffset != currentPresenceFieldOffset) {
+          currentPresenceFieldOffset = presenceFieldOffset;
+          currentPresenceField = unsafe.getInt(message, (long) presenceFieldOffset);
+        }
+        presenceMask = 1 << (presenceMaskAndOffset >>> OFFSET_BITS);
+      }
+
+      // Write any extensions that need to be written before the current field.
+      while (nextExtension != null && extensionSchema.extensionNumber(nextExtension) <= number) {
+        extensionSchema.serializeExtension(writer, nextExtension);
+        nextExtension = extensionIterator.hasNext() ? extensionIterator.next() : null;
+      }
+      final long offset = offset(typeAndOffset);
+
+      switch (fieldType) {
+        case 0: // DOUBLE:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeDouble(number, doubleAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 1: // FLOAT:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeFloat(number, floatAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 2: // INT64:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeInt64(number, unsafe.getLong(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 3: // UINT64:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeUInt64(number, unsafe.getLong(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 4: // INT32:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeInt32(number, unsafe.getInt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 5: // FIXED64:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeFixed64(number, unsafe.getLong(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 6: // FIXED32:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeFixed32(number, unsafe.getInt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 7: // BOOL:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeBool(number, booleanAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 8: // STRING:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writeString(number, unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 9: // MESSAGE:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            Object value = unsafe.getObject(message, offset);
+            writer.writeMessage(number, value, getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 10: // BYTES:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeBytes(number, (ByteString) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 11: // UINT32:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeUInt32(number, unsafe.getInt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 12: // ENUM:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeEnum(number, unsafe.getInt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 13: // SFIXED32:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeSFixed32(number, unsafe.getInt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 14: // SFIXED64:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeSFixed64(number, unsafe.getLong(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 15: // SINT32:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeSInt32(number, unsafe.getInt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 16: // SINT64:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeSInt64(number, unsafe.getLong(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 17: // GROUP:
+          if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) != 0) {
+            writer.writeGroup(
+                number, unsafe.getObject(message, offset), getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 18: // DOUBLE_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeDoubleList(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Double>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, false);
+          break;
+        case 19: // FLOAT_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFloatList(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Float>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, false);
+          break;
+        case 20: // INT64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, false);
+          break;
+        case 21: // UINT64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, false);
+          break;
+        case 22: // INT32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, false);
+          break;
+        case 23: // FIXED64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed64List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, false);
+          break;
+        case 24: // FIXED32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed32List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, false);
+          break;
+        case 25: // BOOL_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeBoolList(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Boolean>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, false);
+          break;
+        case 26: // STRING_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeStringList(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<String>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer);
+          break;
+        case 27: // MESSAGE_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeMessageList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<?>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset),
+              writer,
+              getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          break;
+        case 28: // BYTES_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeBytesList(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<ByteString>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer);
+          break;
+        case 29: // UINT32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, false);
+          break;
+        case 30: // ENUM_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeEnumList(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, false);
+          break;
+        case 31: // SFIXED32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed32List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, false);
+          break;
+        case 32: // SFIXED64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed64List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, false);
+          break;
+        case 33: // SINT32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, false);
+          break;
+        case 34: // SINT64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, false);
+          break;
+        case 35: // DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED:
+          // TODO(xiaofeng): Make use of cached field size to speed up serialization.
+          SchemaUtil.writeDoubleList(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Double>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, true);
+          break;
+        case 36: // FLOAT_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFloatList(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Float>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, true);
+          break;
+        case 37: // INT64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, true);
+          break;
+        case 38: // UINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, true);
+          break;
+        case 39: // INT32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, true);
+          break;
+        case 40: // FIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed64List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, true);
+          break;
+        case 41: // FIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed32List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, true);
+
+          break;
+        case 42: // BOOL_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeBoolList(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Boolean>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, true);
+          break;
+        case 43: // UINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, true);
+          break;
+        case 44: // ENUM_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeEnumList(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, true);
+          break;
+        case 45: // SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed32List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, true);
+          break;
+        case 46: // SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed64List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, true);
+          break;
+        case 47: // SINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Integer>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, true);
+          break;
+        case 48: // SINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos), (List<Long>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer, true);
+          break;
+        case 49: // GROUP_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeGroupList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<?>) unsafe.getObject(message, offset),
+              writer,
+              getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          break;
+        case 50: // MAP:
+          // TODO(dweis): Use schema cache.
+          writeMapHelper(writer, number, unsafe.getObject(message, offset), pos);
+          break;
+        case 51: // ONEOF_DOUBLE:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeDouble(number, oneofDoubleAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 52: // ONEOF_FLOAT:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFloat(number, oneofFloatAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 53: // ONEOF_INT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeInt64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 54: // ONEOF_UINT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeUInt64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 55: // ONEOF_INT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeInt32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 56: // ONEOF_FIXED64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFixed64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 57: // ONEOF_FIXED32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFixed32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 58: // ONEOF_BOOL:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeBool(number, oneofBooleanAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 59: // ONEOF_STRING:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writeString(number, unsafe.getObject(message, offset), writer);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 60: // ONEOF_MESSAGE:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            Object value = unsafe.getObject(message, offset);
+            writer.writeMessage(number, value, getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 61: // ONEOF_BYTES:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeBytes(number, (ByteString) unsafe.getObject(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 62: // ONEOF_UINT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeUInt32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 63: // ONEOF_ENUM:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeEnum(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 64: // ONEOF_SFIXED32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSFixed32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 65: // ONEOF_SFIXED64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSFixed64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 66: // ONEOF_SINT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSInt32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 67: // ONEOF_SINT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSInt64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 68: // ONEOF_GROUP:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeGroup(
+                number, unsafe.getObject(message, offset), getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          // Assume it's an empty entry - just go to the next entry.
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+    while (nextExtension != null) {
+      extensionSchema.serializeExtension(writer, nextExtension);
+      nextExtension = extensionIterator.hasNext() ? extensionIterator.next() : null;
+    }
+    writeUnknownInMessageTo(unknownFieldSchema, message, writer);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private void writeFieldsInAscendingOrderProto3(T message, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    Iterator<? extends Map.Entry<?, ?>> extensionIterator = null;
+    Map.Entry nextExtension = null;
+    if (hasExtensions) {
+      FieldSet<?> extensions = extensionSchema.getExtensions(message);
+      if (!extensions.isEmpty()) {
+        extensionIterator = extensions.iterator();
+        nextExtension = extensionIterator.next();
+      }
+    }
+
+    final int bufferLength = buffer.length;
+    for (int pos = 0; pos < bufferLength; pos += INTS_PER_FIELD) {
+      final int typeAndOffset = typeAndOffsetAt(pos);
+      final int number = numberAt(pos);
+
+      // Write any extensions that need to be written before the current field.
+      while (nextExtension != null && extensionSchema.extensionNumber(nextExtension) <= number) {
+        extensionSchema.serializeExtension(writer, nextExtension);
+        nextExtension = extensionIterator.hasNext() ? extensionIterator.next() : null;
+      }
+
+      switch (type(typeAndOffset)) {
+        case 0: // DOUBLE:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeDouble(number, doubleAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 1: // FLOAT:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFloat(number, floatAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 2: // INT64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeInt64(number, longAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 3: // UINT64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeUInt64(number, longAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 4: // INT32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeInt32(number, intAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 5: // FIXED64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFixed64(number, longAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 6: // FIXED32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFixed32(number, intAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 7: // BOOL:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeBool(number, booleanAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 8: // STRING:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writeString(number, UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)), writer);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 9: // MESSAGE:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            Object value = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset));
+            writer.writeMessage(number, value, getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 10: // BYTES:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeBytes(
+                number, (ByteString) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 11: // UINT32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeUInt32(number, intAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 12: // ENUM:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeEnum(number, intAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 13: // SFIXED32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSFixed32(number, intAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 14: // SFIXED64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSFixed64(number, longAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 15: // SINT32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSInt32(number, intAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 16: // SINT64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSInt64(number, longAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 17: // GROUP:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeGroup(
+                number,
+                UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+                getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 18: // DOUBLE_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeDoubleList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Double>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 19: // FLOAT_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFloatList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Float>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 20: // INT64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 21: // UINT64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 22: // INT32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 23: // FIXED64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 24: // FIXED32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 25: // BOOL_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeBoolList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Boolean>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 26: // STRING_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeStringList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<String>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer);
+          break;
+        case 27: // MESSAGE_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeMessageList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<?>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          break;
+        case 28: // BYTES_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeBytesList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<ByteString>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer);
+          break;
+        case 29: // UINT32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 30: // ENUM_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeEnumList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 31: // SFIXED32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 32: // SFIXED64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 33: // SINT32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 34: // SINT64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 35: // DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED:
+          // TODO(xiaofeng): Make use of cached field size to speed up serialization.
+          SchemaUtil.writeDoubleList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Double>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 36: // FLOAT_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFloatList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Float>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 37: // INT64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 38: // UINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 39: // INT32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 40: // FIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 41: // FIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+
+          break;
+        case 42: // BOOL_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeBoolList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Boolean>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 43: // UINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 44: // ENUM_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeEnumList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 45: // SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 46: // SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 47: // SINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 48: // SINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 49: // GROUP_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeGroupList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<?>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          break;
+        case 50: // MAP:
+          // TODO(dweis): Use schema cache.
+          writeMapHelper(writer, number, UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)), pos);
+          break;
+        case 51: // ONEOF_DOUBLE:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeDouble(number, oneofDoubleAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 52: // ONEOF_FLOAT:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFloat(number, oneofFloatAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 53: // ONEOF_INT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeInt64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 54: // ONEOF_UINT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeUInt64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 55: // ONEOF_INT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeInt32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 56: // ONEOF_FIXED64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFixed64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 57: // ONEOF_FIXED32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFixed32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 58: // ONEOF_BOOL:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeBool(number, oneofBooleanAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 59: // ONEOF_STRING:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writeString(number, UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)), writer);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 60: // ONEOF_MESSAGE:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            Object value = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset));
+            writer.writeMessage(number, value, getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 61: // ONEOF_BYTES:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeBytes(
+                number, (ByteString) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 62: // ONEOF_UINT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeUInt32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 63: // ONEOF_ENUM:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeEnum(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 64: // ONEOF_SFIXED32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSFixed32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 65: // ONEOF_SFIXED64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSFixed64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 66: // ONEOF_SINT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSInt32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 67: // ONEOF_SINT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSInt64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 68: // ONEOF_GROUP:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeGroup(
+                number,
+                UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+                getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          // Assume it's an empty entry - just go to the next entry.
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+    while (nextExtension != null) {
+      extensionSchema.serializeExtension(writer, nextExtension);
+      nextExtension = extensionIterator.hasNext() ? extensionIterator.next() : null;
+    }
+    writeUnknownInMessageTo(unknownFieldSchema, message, writer);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private void writeFieldsInDescendingOrder(T message, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    writeUnknownInMessageTo(unknownFieldSchema, message, writer);
+
+    Iterator<? extends Map.Entry<?, ?>> extensionIterator = null;
+    Map.Entry nextExtension = null;
+    if (hasExtensions) {
+      FieldSet<?> extensions = extensionSchema.getExtensions(message);
+      if (!extensions.isEmpty()) {
+        extensionIterator = extensions.descendingIterator();
+        nextExtension = extensionIterator.next();
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (int pos = buffer.length - INTS_PER_FIELD; pos >= 0; pos -= INTS_PER_FIELD) {
+      final int typeAndOffset = typeAndOffsetAt(pos);
+      final int number = numberAt(pos);
+
+      // Write any extensions that need to be written before the current field.
+      while (nextExtension != null && extensionSchema.extensionNumber(nextExtension) > number) {
+        extensionSchema.serializeExtension(writer, nextExtension);
+        nextExtension = extensionIterator.hasNext() ? extensionIterator.next() : null;
+      }
+
+      switch (type(typeAndOffset)) {
+        case 0: // DOUBLE:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeDouble(number, doubleAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 1: // FLOAT:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFloat(number, floatAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 2: // INT64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeInt64(number, longAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 3: // UINT64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeUInt64(number, longAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 4: // INT32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeInt32(number, intAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 5: // FIXED64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFixed64(number, longAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 6: // FIXED32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFixed32(number, intAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 7: // BOOL:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeBool(number, booleanAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 8: // STRING:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writeString(number, UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)), writer);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 9: // MESSAGE:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            Object value = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset));
+            writer.writeMessage(number, value, getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 10: // BYTES:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeBytes(
+                number, (ByteString) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 11: // UINT32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeUInt32(number, intAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 12: // ENUM:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeEnum(number, intAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 13: // SFIXED32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSFixed32(number, intAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 14: // SFIXED64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSFixed64(number, longAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 15: // SINT32:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSInt32(number, intAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 16: // SINT64:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSInt64(number, longAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 17: // GROUP:
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+            writer.writeGroup(
+                number,
+                UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+                getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 18: // DOUBLE_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeDoubleList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Double>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 19: // FLOAT_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFloatList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Float>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 20: // INT64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 21: // UINT64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 22: // INT32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 23: // FIXED64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 24: // FIXED32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 25: // BOOL_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeBoolList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Boolean>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 26: // STRING_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeStringList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<String>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer);
+          break;
+        case 27: // MESSAGE_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeMessageList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<?>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          break;
+        case 28: // BYTES_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeBytesList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<ByteString>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer);
+          break;
+        case 29: // UINT32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 30: // ENUM_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeEnumList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 31: // SFIXED32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 32: // SFIXED64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 33: // SINT32_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 34: // SINT64_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              false);
+          break;
+        case 35: // DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeDoubleList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Double>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 36: // FLOAT_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFloatList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Float>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 37: // INT64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 38: // UINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 39: // INT32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 40: // FIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 41: // FIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeFixed32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+
+          break;
+        case 42: // BOOL_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeBoolList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Boolean>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 43: // UINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeUInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 44: // ENUM_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeEnumList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 45: // SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 46: // SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSFixed64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 47: // SINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt32List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Integer>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 48: // SINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+          SchemaUtil.writeSInt64List(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<Long>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              true);
+          break;
+        case 49: // GROUP_LIST:
+          SchemaUtil.writeGroupList(
+              numberAt(pos),
+              (List<?>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+              writer,
+              getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          break;
+        case 50: // MAP:
+          // TODO(dweis): Use schema cache.
+          writeMapHelper(writer, number, UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)), pos);
+          break;
+        case 51: // ONEOF_DOUBLE:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeDouble(number, oneofDoubleAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 52: // ONEOF_FLOAT:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFloat(number, oneofFloatAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 53: // ONEOF_INT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeInt64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 54: // ONEOF_UINT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeUInt64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 55: // ONEOF_INT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeInt32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 56: // ONEOF_FIXED64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFixed64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 57: // ONEOF_FIXED32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeFixed32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 58: // ONEOF_BOOL:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeBool(number, oneofBooleanAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 59: // ONEOF_STRING:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writeString(number, UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)), writer);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 60: // ONEOF_MESSAGE:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            Object value = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset));
+            writer.writeMessage(number, value, getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 61: // ONEOF_BYTES:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeBytes(
+                number, (ByteString) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 62: // ONEOF_UINT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeUInt32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 63: // ONEOF_ENUM:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeEnum(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 64: // ONEOF_SFIXED32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSFixed32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 65: // ONEOF_SFIXED64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSFixed64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 66: // ONEOF_SINT32:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSInt32(number, oneofIntAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 67: // ONEOF_SINT64:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeSInt64(number, oneofLongAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 68: // ONEOF_GROUP:
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+            writer.writeGroup(
+                number,
+                UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+                getMessageFieldSchema(pos));
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+    while (nextExtension != null) {
+      extensionSchema.serializeExtension(writer, nextExtension);
+      nextExtension = extensionIterator.hasNext() ? extensionIterator.next() : null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private <K, V> void writeMapHelper(Writer writer, int number, Object mapField, int pos)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (mapField != null) {
+      writer.writeMap(
+          number,
+          (MapEntryLite.Metadata<K, V>) mapFieldSchema.forMapMetadata(getMapFieldDefaultEntry(pos)),
+          (Map<K, V>) mapFieldSchema.forMapData(mapField));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private <UT, UB> void writeUnknownInMessageTo(
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> schema, T message, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    schema.writeTo(schema.getFromMessage(message), writer);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void mergeFrom(T message, Reader reader, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+      throw new NullPointerException();
+    }
+    mergeFromHelper(unknownFieldSchema, extensionSchema, message, reader, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A helper method for wildcard capture of {@code unknownFieldSchema}. See:
+   * https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/generics/capture.html
+   */
+  private <UT, UB, ET extends FieldDescriptorLite<ET>> void mergeFromHelper(
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> unknownFieldSchema,
+      ExtensionSchema<ET> extensionSchema,
+      T message,
+      Reader reader,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    UB unknownFields = null;
+    FieldSet<ET> extensions = null;
+    try {
+      while (true) {
+        final int number = reader.getFieldNumber();
+        final int pos = positionForFieldNumber(number);
+        if (pos < 0) {
+          if (number == Reader.READ_DONE) {
+            return;
+          }
+          // Check if it's an extension.
+          Object extension =
+              !hasExtensions
+                  ? null
+                  : extensionSchema.findExtensionByNumber(
+                      extensionRegistry, defaultInstance, number);
+          if (extension != null) {
+            if (extensions == null) {
+              extensions = extensionSchema.getMutableExtensions(message);
+            }
+            unknownFields =
+                extensionSchema.parseExtension(
+                    reader,
+                    extension,
+                    extensionRegistry,
+                    extensions,
+                    unknownFields,
+                    unknownFieldSchema);
+            continue;
+          }
+          if (unknownFieldSchema.shouldDiscardUnknownFields(reader)) {
+            if (reader.skipField()) {
+              continue;
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (unknownFields == null) {
+              unknownFields = unknownFieldSchema.getBuilderFromMessage(message);
+            }
+            // Unknown field.
+            if (unknownFieldSchema.mergeOneFieldFrom(unknownFields, reader)) {
+              continue;
+            }
+          }
+          // Done reading.
+          return;
+        }
+        final int typeAndOffset = typeAndOffsetAt(pos);
+
+        try {
+          switch (type(typeAndOffset)) {
+            case 0: // DOUBLE:
+              UnsafeUtil.putDouble(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readDouble());
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 1: // FLOAT:
+              UnsafeUtil.putFloat(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readFloat());
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 2: // INT64:
+              UnsafeUtil.putLong(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readInt64());
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 3: // UINT64:
+              UnsafeUtil.putLong(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readUInt64());
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 4: // INT32:
+              UnsafeUtil.putInt(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readInt32());
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 5: // FIXED64:
+              UnsafeUtil.putLong(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readFixed64());
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 6: // FIXED32:
+              UnsafeUtil.putInt(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readFixed32());
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 7: // BOOL:
+              UnsafeUtil.putBoolean(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readBool());
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 8: // STRING:
+              readString(message, typeAndOffset, reader);
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 9:
+              { // MESSAGE:
+                if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+                  Object mergedResult =
+                      Internal.mergeMessage(
+                          UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+                          reader.readMessageBySchemaWithCheck(
+                              (Schema<T>) getMessageFieldSchema(pos), extensionRegistry));
+                  UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset), mergedResult);
+                } else {
+                  UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                      message,
+                      offset(typeAndOffset),
+                      reader.readMessageBySchemaWithCheck(
+                          (Schema<T>) getMessageFieldSchema(pos), extensionRegistry));
+                  setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+                }
+                break;
+              }
+            case 10: // BYTES:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readBytes());
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 11: // UINT32:
+              UnsafeUtil.putInt(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readUInt32());
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 12: // ENUM:
+              {
+                int enumValue = reader.readEnum();
+                EnumVerifier enumVerifier = getEnumFieldVerifier(pos);
+                if (enumVerifier == null || enumVerifier.isInRange(enumValue)) {
+                  UnsafeUtil.putInt(message, offset(typeAndOffset), enumValue);
+                  setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+                } else {
+                  unknownFields =
+                      SchemaUtil.storeUnknownEnum(
+                          number, enumValue, unknownFields, unknownFieldSchema);
+                }
+                break;
+              }
+            case 13: // SFIXED32:
+              UnsafeUtil.putInt(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readSFixed32());
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 14: // SFIXED64:
+              UnsafeUtil.putLong(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readSFixed64());
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 15: // SINT32:
+              UnsafeUtil.putInt(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readSInt32());
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 16: // SINT64:
+              UnsafeUtil.putLong(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readSInt64());
+              setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              break;
+            case 17:
+              { // GROUP:
+                if (isFieldPresent(message, pos)) {
+                  Object mergedResult =
+                      Internal.mergeMessage(
+                          UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+                          reader.readGroupBySchemaWithCheck(
+                              (Schema<T>) getMessageFieldSchema(pos), extensionRegistry));
+                  UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset), mergedResult);
+                } else {
+                  UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                      message,
+                      offset(typeAndOffset),
+                      reader.readGroupBySchemaWithCheck(
+                          (Schema<T>) getMessageFieldSchema(pos), extensionRegistry));
+                  setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+                }
+                break;
+              }
+            case 18: // DOUBLE_LIST:
+              reader.readDoubleList(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Double>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 19: // FLOAT_LIST:
+              reader.readFloatList(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Float>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 20: // INT64_LIST:
+              reader.readInt64List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Long>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 21: // UINT64_LIST:
+              reader.readUInt64List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Long>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 22: // INT32_LIST:
+              reader.readInt32List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Integer>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 23: // FIXED64_LIST:
+              reader.readFixed64List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Long>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 24: // FIXED32_LIST:
+              reader.readFixed32List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Integer>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 25: // BOOL_LIST:
+              reader.readBoolList(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Boolean>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 26: // STRING_LIST:
+              readStringList(message, typeAndOffset, reader);
+              break;
+            case 27:
+              { // MESSAGE_LIST:
+                readMessageList(
+                    message,
+                    typeAndOffset,
+                    reader,
+                    (Schema<T>) getMessageFieldSchema(pos),
+                    extensionRegistry);
+                break;
+              }
+            case 28: // BYTES_LIST:
+              reader.readBytesList(
+                  listFieldSchema.<ByteString>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 29: // UINT32_LIST:
+              reader.readUInt32List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Integer>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 30: // ENUM_LIST:
+              {
+                List<Integer> enumList =
+                    listFieldSchema.<Integer>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset));
+                reader.readEnumList(enumList);
+                unknownFields =
+                    SchemaUtil.filterUnknownEnumList(
+                        number,
+                        enumList,
+                        getEnumFieldVerifier(pos),
+                        unknownFields,
+                        unknownFieldSchema);
+                break;
+              }
+            case 31: // SFIXED32_LIST:
+              reader.readSFixed32List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Integer>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 32: // SFIXED64_LIST:
+              reader.readSFixed64List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Long>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 33: // SINT32_LIST:
+              reader.readSInt32List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Integer>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 34: // SINT64_LIST:
+              reader.readSInt64List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Long>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 35: // DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED:
+              reader.readDoubleList(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Double>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 36: // FLOAT_LIST_PACKED:
+              reader.readFloatList(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Float>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 37: // INT64_LIST_PACKED:
+              reader.readInt64List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Long>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 38: // UINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+              reader.readUInt64List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Long>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 39: // INT32_LIST_PACKED:
+              reader.readInt32List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Integer>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 40: // FIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+              reader.readFixed64List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Long>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 41: // FIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+              reader.readFixed32List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Integer>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 42: // BOOL_LIST_PACKED:
+              reader.readBoolList(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Boolean>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 43: // UINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+              reader.readUInt32List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Integer>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 44: // ENUM_LIST_PACKED:
+              {
+                List<Integer> enumList =
+                    listFieldSchema.<Integer>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset));
+                reader.readEnumList(enumList);
+                unknownFields =
+                    SchemaUtil.filterUnknownEnumList(
+                        number,
+                        enumList,
+                        getEnumFieldVerifier(pos),
+                        unknownFields,
+                        unknownFieldSchema);
+                break;
+              }
+            case 45: // SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+              reader.readSFixed32List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Integer>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 46: // SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+              reader.readSFixed64List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Long>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 47: // SINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+              reader.readSInt32List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Integer>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 48: // SINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+              reader.readSInt64List(
+                  listFieldSchema.<Long>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+              break;
+            case 49:
+              { // GROUP_LIST:
+                readGroupList(
+                    message,
+                    offset(typeAndOffset),
+                    reader,
+                    (Schema<T>) getMessageFieldSchema(pos),
+                    extensionRegistry);
+                break;
+              }
+            case 50: // MAP:
+              mergeMap(message, pos, getMapFieldDefaultEntry(pos), extensionRegistry, reader);
+              break;
+            case 51: // ONEOF_DOUBLE:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                  message, offset(typeAndOffset), Double.valueOf(reader.readDouble()));
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 52: // ONEOF_FLOAT:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                  message, offset(typeAndOffset), Float.valueOf(reader.readFloat()));
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 53: // ONEOF_INT64:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                  message, offset(typeAndOffset), Long.valueOf(reader.readInt64()));
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 54: // ONEOF_UINT64:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                  message, offset(typeAndOffset), Long.valueOf(reader.readUInt64()));
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 55: // ONEOF_INT32:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                  message, offset(typeAndOffset), Integer.valueOf(reader.readInt32()));
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 56: // ONEOF_FIXED64:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                  message, offset(typeAndOffset), Long.valueOf(reader.readFixed64()));
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 57: // ONEOF_FIXED32:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                  message, offset(typeAndOffset), Integer.valueOf(reader.readFixed32()));
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 58: // ONEOF_BOOL:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                  message, offset(typeAndOffset), Boolean.valueOf(reader.readBool()));
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 59: // ONEOF_STRING:
+              readString(message, typeAndOffset, reader);
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 60: // ONEOF_MESSAGE:
+              if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)) {
+                Object mergedResult =
+                    Internal.mergeMessage(
+                        UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)),
+                        reader.readMessageBySchemaWithCheck(
+                            getMessageFieldSchema(pos), extensionRegistry));
+                UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset), mergedResult);
+              } else {
+                UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                    message,
+                    offset(typeAndOffset),
+                    reader.readMessageBySchemaWithCheck(
+                        getMessageFieldSchema(pos), extensionRegistry));
+                setFieldPresent(message, pos);
+              }
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 61: // ONEOF_BYTES:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readBytes());
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 62: // ONEOF_UINT32:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                  message, offset(typeAndOffset), Integer.valueOf(reader.readUInt32()));
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 63: // ONEOF_ENUM:
+              {
+                int enumValue = reader.readEnum();
+                EnumVerifier enumVerifier = getEnumFieldVerifier(pos);
+                if (enumVerifier == null || enumVerifier.isInRange(enumValue)) {
+                  UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset), enumValue);
+                  setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+                } else {
+                  unknownFields =
+                      SchemaUtil.storeUnknownEnum(
+                          number, enumValue, unknownFields, unknownFieldSchema);
+                }
+                break;
+              }
+            case 64: // ONEOF_SFIXED32:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                  message, offset(typeAndOffset), Integer.valueOf(reader.readSFixed32()));
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 65: // ONEOF_SFIXED64:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                  message, offset(typeAndOffset), Long.valueOf(reader.readSFixed64()));
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 66: // ONEOF_SINT32:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                  message, offset(typeAndOffset), Integer.valueOf(reader.readSInt32()));
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 67: // ONEOF_SINT64:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                  message, offset(typeAndOffset), Long.valueOf(reader.readSInt64()));
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            case 68: // ONEOF_GROUP:
+              UnsafeUtil.putObject(
+                  message,
+                  offset(typeAndOffset),
+                  reader.readGroupBySchemaWithCheck(getMessageFieldSchema(pos), extensionRegistry));
+              setOneofPresent(message, number, pos);
+              break;
+            default:
+              // Assume we've landed on an empty entry. Treat it as an unknown field.
+              if (unknownFields == null) {
+                unknownFields = unknownFieldSchema.newBuilder();
+              }
+              if (!unknownFieldSchema.mergeOneFieldFrom(unknownFields, reader)) {
+                return;
+              }
+              break;
+          }
+        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException.InvalidWireTypeException e) {
+          // Treat fields with an invalid wire type as unknown fields
+          // (i.e. same as the default case).
+          if (unknownFieldSchema.shouldDiscardUnknownFields(reader)) {
+            if (!reader.skipField()) {
+              return;
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (unknownFields == null) {
+              unknownFields = unknownFieldSchema.getBuilderFromMessage(message);
+            }
+            if (!unknownFieldSchema.mergeOneFieldFrom(unknownFields, reader)) {
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } finally {
+      for (int i = checkInitializedCount; i < repeatedFieldOffsetStart; i++) {
+        unknownFields =
+            filterMapUnknownEnumValues(message, intArray[i], unknownFields, unknownFieldSchema);
+      }
+      if (unknownFields != null) {
+        unknownFieldSchema.setBuilderToMessage(message, unknownFields);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("ReferenceEquality")
+  static UnknownFieldSetLite getMutableUnknownFields(Object message) {
+    UnknownFieldSetLite unknownFields = ((GeneratedMessageLite) message).unknownFields;
+    if (unknownFields == UnknownFieldSetLite.getDefaultInstance()) {
+      unknownFields = UnknownFieldSetLite.newInstance();
+      ((GeneratedMessageLite) message).unknownFields = unknownFields;
+    }
+    return unknownFields;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a map entry key or value. Stores result in registers.object1. */
+  private int decodeMapEntryValue(
+      byte[] data,
+      int position,
+      int limit,
+      WireFormat.FieldType fieldType,
+      Class<?> messageType,
+      Registers registers)
+      throws IOException {
+    switch (fieldType) {
+      case BOOL:
+        position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+        registers.object1 = registers.long1 != 0;
+        break;
+      case BYTES:
+        position = decodeBytes(data, position, registers);
+        break;
+      case DOUBLE:
+        registers.object1 = decodeDouble(data, position);
+        position += 8;
+        break;
+      case FIXED32:
+      case SFIXED32:
+        registers.object1 = decodeFixed32(data, position);
+        position += 4;
+        break;
+      case FIXED64:
+      case SFIXED64:
+        registers.object1 = decodeFixed64(data, position);
+        position += 8;
+        break;
+      case FLOAT:
+        registers.object1 = decodeFloat(data, position);
+        position += 4;
+        break;
+      case ENUM:
+      case INT32:
+      case UINT32:
+        position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+        registers.object1 = registers.int1;
+        break;
+      case INT64:
+      case UINT64:
+        position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+        registers.object1 = registers.long1;
+        break;
+      case MESSAGE:
+        position =
+            decodeMessageField(
+                Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(messageType), data, position, limit, registers);
+        break;
+      case SINT32:
+        position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+        registers.object1 = CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(registers.int1);
+        break;
+      case SINT64:
+        position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+        registers.object1 = CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(registers.long1);
+        break;
+      case STRING:
+        position = decodeStringRequireUtf8(data, position, registers);
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new RuntimeException("unsupported field type.");
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Decodes a map entry. */
+  private <K, V> int decodeMapEntry(
+      byte[] data,
+      int position,
+      int limit,
+      MapEntryLite.Metadata<K, V> metadata,
+      Map<K, V> target,
+      Registers registers)
+      throws IOException {
+    position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+    final int length = registers.int1;
+    if (length < 0 || length > limit - position) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+    final int end = position + length;
+    K key = metadata.defaultKey;
+    V value = metadata.defaultValue;
+    while (position < end) {
+      int tag = data[position++];
+      if (tag < 0) {
+        position = decodeVarint32(tag, data, position, registers);
+        tag = registers.int1;
+      }
+      final int fieldNumber = tag >>> 3;
+      final int wireType = tag & 0x7;
+      switch (fieldNumber) {
+        case 1:
+          if (wireType == metadata.keyType.getWireType()) {
+            position =
+                decodeMapEntryValue(data, position, limit, metadata.keyType, null, registers);
+            key = (K) registers.object1;
+            continue;
+          }
+          break;
+        case 2:
+          if (wireType == metadata.valueType.getWireType()) {
+            position =
+                decodeMapEntryValue(
+                    data,
+                    position,
+                    limit,
+                    metadata.valueType,
+                    metadata.defaultValue.getClass(),
+                    registers);
+            value = (V) registers.object1;
+            continue;
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+      position = skipField(tag, data, position, limit, registers);
+    }
+    if (position != end) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+    }
+    target.put(key, value);
+    return end;
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("ReferenceEquality")
+  private int parseRepeatedField(
+      T message,
+      byte[] data,
+      int position,
+      int limit,
+      int tag,
+      int number,
+      int wireType,
+      int bufferPosition,
+      long typeAndOffset,
+      int fieldType,
+      long fieldOffset,
+      Registers registers)
+      throws IOException {
+    ProtobufList<?> list = (ProtobufList<?>) UNSAFE.getObject(message, fieldOffset);
+    if (!list.isModifiable()) {
+      final int size = list.size();
+      list =
+          list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+              size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+      UNSAFE.putObject(message, fieldOffset, list);
+    }
+    switch (fieldType) {
+      case 18: // DOUBLE_LIST:
+      case 35: // DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position = decodePackedDoubleList(data, position, list, registers);
+        } else if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64) {
+          position = decodeDoubleList(tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 19: // FLOAT_LIST:
+      case 36: // FLOAT_LIST_PACKED:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position = decodePackedFloatList(data, position, list, registers);
+        } else if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32) {
+          position = decodeFloatList(tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 20: // INT64_LIST:
+      case 21: // UINT64_LIST:
+      case 37: // INT64_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 38: // UINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position = decodePackedVarint64List(data, position, list, registers);
+        } else if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+          position = decodeVarint64List(tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 22: // INT32_LIST:
+      case 29: // UINT32_LIST:
+      case 39: // INT32_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 43: // UINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position = decodePackedVarint32List(data, position, list, registers);
+        } else if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+          position = decodeVarint32List(tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 23: // FIXED64_LIST:
+      case 32: // SFIXED64_LIST:
+      case 40: // FIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 46: // SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position = decodePackedFixed64List(data, position, list, registers);
+        } else if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64) {
+          position = decodeFixed64List(tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 24: // FIXED32_LIST:
+      case 31: // SFIXED32_LIST:
+      case 41: // FIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+      case 45: // SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position = decodePackedFixed32List(data, position, list, registers);
+        } else if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32) {
+          position = decodeFixed32List(tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 25: // BOOL_LIST:
+      case 42: // BOOL_LIST_PACKED:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position = decodePackedBoolList(data, position, list, registers);
+        } else if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+          position = decodeBoolList(tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 26: // STRING_LIST:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          if ((typeAndOffset & ENFORCE_UTF8_MASK) == 0) {
+            position = decodeStringList(tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+          } else {
+            position = decodeStringListRequireUtf8(tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      case 27: // MESSAGE_LIST:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position =
+              decodeMessageList(
+                  getMessageFieldSchema(bufferPosition),
+                  tag,
+                  data,
+                  position,
+                  limit,
+                  list,
+                  registers);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 28: // BYTES_LIST:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position = decodeBytesList(tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 30: // ENUM_LIST:
+      case 44: // ENUM_LIST_PACKED:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position = decodePackedVarint32List(data, position, list, registers);
+        } else if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+          position = decodeVarint32List(tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+        } else {
+          break;
+        }
+        UnknownFieldSetLite unknownFields = ((GeneratedMessageLite) message).unknownFields;
+        if (unknownFields == UnknownFieldSetLite.getDefaultInstance()) {
+          // filterUnknownEnumList() expects the unknownFields parameter to be mutable or null.
+          // Since we don't know yet whether there exist unknown enum values, we'd better pass
+          // null to it instead of allocating a mutable instance. This is also needed to be
+          // consistent with the behavior of generated parser/builder.
+          unknownFields = null;
+        }
+        unknownFields =
+            SchemaUtil.filterUnknownEnumList(
+                number,
+                (ProtobufList<Integer>) list,
+                getEnumFieldVerifier(bufferPosition),
+                unknownFields,
+                (UnknownFieldSchema<UnknownFieldSetLite, UnknownFieldSetLite>) unknownFieldSchema);
+        if (unknownFields != null) {
+          ((GeneratedMessageLite) message).unknownFields = unknownFields;
+        }
+        break;
+      case 33: // SINT32_LIST:
+      case 47: // SINT32_LIST_PACKED:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position = decodePackedSInt32List(data, position, list, registers);
+        } else if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+          position = decodeSInt32List(tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 34: // SINT64_LIST:
+      case 48: // SINT64_LIST_PACKED:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position = decodePackedSInt64List(data, position, list, registers);
+        } else if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+          position = decodeSInt64List(tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 49: // GROUP_LIST:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP) {
+          position =
+              decodeGroupList(
+                  getMessageFieldSchema(bufferPosition),
+                  tag,
+                  data,
+                  position,
+                  limit,
+                  list,
+                  registers);
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  private <K, V> int parseMapField(
+      T message,
+      byte[] data,
+      int position,
+      int limit,
+      int bufferPosition,
+      long fieldOffset,
+      Registers registers)
+      throws IOException {
+    final sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = UNSAFE;
+    Object mapDefaultEntry = getMapFieldDefaultEntry(bufferPosition);
+    Object mapField = unsafe.getObject(message, fieldOffset);
+    if (mapFieldSchema.isImmutable(mapField)) {
+      Object oldMapField = mapField;
+      mapField = mapFieldSchema.newMapField(mapDefaultEntry);
+      mapFieldSchema.mergeFrom(mapField, oldMapField);
+      unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, mapField);
+    }
+    return decodeMapEntry(
+        data,
+        position,
+        limit,
+        (Metadata<K, V>) mapFieldSchema.forMapMetadata(mapDefaultEntry),
+        (Map<K, V>) mapFieldSchema.forMutableMapData(mapField),
+        registers);
+  }
+
+  private int parseOneofField(
+      T message,
+      byte[] data,
+      int position,
+      int limit,
+      int tag,
+      int number,
+      int wireType,
+      int typeAndOffset,
+      int fieldType,
+      long fieldOffset,
+      int bufferPosition,
+      Registers registers)
+      throws IOException {
+    final sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = UNSAFE;
+    final long oneofCaseOffset = buffer[bufferPosition + 2] & OFFSET_MASK;
+    switch (fieldType) {
+      case 51: // ONEOF_DOUBLE:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64) {
+          unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, decodeDouble(data, position));
+          position += 8;
+          unsafe.putInt(message, oneofCaseOffset, number);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 52: // ONEOF_FLOAT:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32) {
+          unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, decodeFloat(data, position));
+          position += 4;
+          unsafe.putInt(message, oneofCaseOffset, number);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 53: // ONEOF_INT64:
+      case 54: // ONEOF_UINT64:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+          position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+          unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, registers.long1);
+          unsafe.putInt(message, oneofCaseOffset, number);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 55: // ONEOF_INT32:
+      case 62: // ONEOF_UINT32:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+          position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+          unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, registers.int1);
+          unsafe.putInt(message, oneofCaseOffset, number);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 56: // ONEOF_FIXED64:
+      case 65: // ONEOF_SFIXED64:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64) {
+          unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, decodeFixed64(data, position));
+          position += 8;
+          unsafe.putInt(message, oneofCaseOffset, number);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 57: // ONEOF_FIXED32:
+      case 64: // ONEOF_SFIXED32:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32) {
+          unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, decodeFixed32(data, position));
+          position += 4;
+          unsafe.putInt(message, oneofCaseOffset, number);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 58: // ONEOF_BOOL:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+          position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+          unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, registers.long1 != 0);
+          unsafe.putInt(message, oneofCaseOffset, number);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 59: // ONEOF_STRING:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+          final int length = registers.int1;
+          if (length == 0) {
+            unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, "");
+          } else {
+            if ((typeAndOffset & ENFORCE_UTF8_MASK) != 0
+                && !Utf8.isValidUtf8(data, position, position + length)) {
+              throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+            }
+            final String value = new String(data, position, length, Internal.UTF_8);
+            unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, value);
+            position += length;
+          }
+          unsafe.putInt(message, oneofCaseOffset, number);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 60: // ONEOF_MESSAGE:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position =
+              decodeMessageField(
+                  getMessageFieldSchema(bufferPosition), data, position, limit, registers);
+          final Object oldValue =
+              unsafe.getInt(message, oneofCaseOffset) == number
+                  ? unsafe.getObject(message, fieldOffset)
+                  : null;
+          if (oldValue == null) {
+            unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, registers.object1);
+          } else {
+            unsafe.putObject(
+                message, fieldOffset, Internal.mergeMessage(oldValue, registers.object1));
+          }
+          unsafe.putInt(message, oneofCaseOffset, number);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 61: // ONEOF_BYTES:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          position = decodeBytes(data, position, registers);
+          unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, registers.object1);
+          unsafe.putInt(message, oneofCaseOffset, number);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 63: // ONEOF_ENUM:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+          position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+          final int enumValue = registers.int1;
+          EnumVerifier enumVerifier = getEnumFieldVerifier(bufferPosition);
+          if (enumVerifier == null || enumVerifier.isInRange(enumValue)) {
+            unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, enumValue);
+            unsafe.putInt(message, oneofCaseOffset, number);
+          } else {
+            // UnknownFieldSetLite requires varint to be represented as Long.
+            getMutableUnknownFields(message).storeField(tag, (long) enumValue);
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      case 66: // ONEOF_SINT32:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+          position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+          unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(registers.int1));
+          unsafe.putInt(message, oneofCaseOffset, number);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 67: // ONEOF_SINT64:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+          position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+          unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(registers.long1));
+          unsafe.putInt(message, oneofCaseOffset, number);
+        }
+        break;
+      case 68: // ONEOF_GROUP:
+        if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP) {
+          final int endTag = (tag & ~0x7) | WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP;
+          position =
+              decodeGroupField(
+                  getMessageFieldSchema(bufferPosition), data, position, limit, endTag, registers);
+          final Object oldValue =
+              unsafe.getInt(message, oneofCaseOffset) == number
+                  ? unsafe.getObject(message, fieldOffset)
+                  : null;
+          if (oldValue == null) {
+            unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, registers.object1);
+          } else {
+            unsafe.putObject(
+                message, fieldOffset, Internal.mergeMessage(oldValue, registers.object1));
+          }
+          unsafe.putInt(message, oneofCaseOffset, number);
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  private Schema getMessageFieldSchema(int pos) {
+    final int index = pos / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2;
+    Schema schema = (Schema) objects[index];
+    if (schema != null) {
+      return schema;
+    }
+    schema = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor((Class) objects[index + 1]);
+    objects[index] = schema;
+    return schema;
+  }
+
+  private Object getMapFieldDefaultEntry(int pos) {
+    return objects[pos / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2];
+  }
+
+  private EnumVerifier getEnumFieldVerifier(int pos) {
+    return (EnumVerifier) objects[pos / INTS_PER_FIELD * 2 + 1];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses a proto2 message or group and returns the position after the message/group. If it's
+   * parsing a message (endGroup == 0), returns limit if parsing is successful; It it's parsing a
+   * group (endGroup != 0), parsing ends when a tag == endGroup is encountered and the position
+   * after that tag is returned.
+   */
+  int parseProto2Message(
+      T message, byte[] data, int position, int limit, int endGroup, Registers registers)
+      throws IOException {
+    final sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = UNSAFE;
+    int currentPresenceFieldOffset = -1;
+    int currentPresenceField = 0;
+    int tag = 0;
+    int oldNumber = -1;
+    int pos = 0;
+    while (position < limit) {
+      tag = data[position++];
+      if (tag < 0) {
+        position = decodeVarint32(tag, data, position, registers);
+        tag = registers.int1;
+      }
+      final int number = tag >>> 3;
+      final int wireType = tag & 0x7;
+      if (number > oldNumber) {
+        pos = positionForFieldNumber(number, pos / INTS_PER_FIELD);
+      } else {
+        pos = positionForFieldNumber(number);
+      }
+      oldNumber = number;
+      if (pos == -1) {
+        // need to reset
+        pos = 0;
+      } else {
+        final int typeAndOffset = buffer[pos + 1];
+        final int fieldType = type(typeAndOffset);
+        final long fieldOffset = offset(typeAndOffset);
+        if (fieldType <= 17) {
+          // Proto2 optional fields have has-bits.
+          final int presenceMaskAndOffset = buffer[pos + 2];
+          final int presenceMask = 1 << (presenceMaskAndOffset >>> OFFSET_BITS);
+          final int presenceFieldOffset = presenceMaskAndOffset & OFFSET_MASK;
+          // We cache the 32-bit has-bits integer value and only write it back when parsing a field
+          // using a different has-bits integer.
+          if (presenceFieldOffset != currentPresenceFieldOffset) {
+            if (currentPresenceFieldOffset != -1) {
+              unsafe.putInt(message, (long) currentPresenceFieldOffset, currentPresenceField);
+            }
+            currentPresenceFieldOffset = presenceFieldOffset;
+            currentPresenceField = unsafe.getInt(message, (long) presenceFieldOffset);
+          }
+          switch (fieldType) {
+            case 0: // DOUBLE
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64) {
+                UnsafeUtil.putDouble(message, fieldOffset, decodeDouble(data, position));
+                position += 8;
+                currentPresenceField |= presenceMask;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 1: // FLOAT
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32) {
+                UnsafeUtil.putFloat(message, fieldOffset, decodeFloat(data, position));
+                position += 4;
+                currentPresenceField |= presenceMask;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 2: // INT64
+            case 3: // UINT64
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+                position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+                unsafe.putLong(message, fieldOffset, registers.long1);
+                currentPresenceField |= presenceMask;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 4: // INT32
+            case 11: // UINT32
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+                position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+                unsafe.putInt(message, fieldOffset, registers.int1);
+                currentPresenceField |= presenceMask;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 5: // FIXED64
+            case 14: // SFIXED64
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64) {
+                unsafe.putLong(message, fieldOffset, decodeFixed64(data, position));
+                position += 8;
+                currentPresenceField |= presenceMask;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 6: // FIXED32
+            case 13: // SFIXED32
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, fieldOffset, decodeFixed32(data, position));
+                position += 4;
+                currentPresenceField |= presenceMask;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 7: // BOOL
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+                position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+                UnsafeUtil.putBoolean(message, fieldOffset, registers.long1 != 0);
+                currentPresenceField |= presenceMask;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 8: // STRING
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+                if ((typeAndOffset & ENFORCE_UTF8_MASK) == 0) {
+                  position = decodeString(data, position, registers);
+                } else {
+                  position = decodeStringRequireUtf8(data, position, registers);
+                }
+                unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, registers.object1);
+                currentPresenceField |= presenceMask;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 9: // MESSAGE
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+                position =
+                    decodeMessageField(
+                        getMessageFieldSchema(pos), data, position, limit, registers);
+                if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) == 0) {
+                  unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, registers.object1);
+                } else {
+                  unsafe.putObject(
+                      message,
+                      fieldOffset,
+                      Internal.mergeMessage(
+                          unsafe.getObject(message, fieldOffset), registers.object1));
+                }
+                currentPresenceField |= presenceMask;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 10: // BYTES
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+                position = decodeBytes(data, position, registers);
+                unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, registers.object1);
+                currentPresenceField |= presenceMask;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 12: // ENUM
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+                position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+                final int enumValue = registers.int1;
+                EnumVerifier enumVerifier = getEnumFieldVerifier(pos);
+                if (enumVerifier == null || enumVerifier.isInRange(enumValue)) {
+                  unsafe.putInt(message, fieldOffset, enumValue);
+                  currentPresenceField |= presenceMask;
+                } else {
+                  // UnknownFieldSetLite requires varint to be represented as Long.
+                  getMutableUnknownFields(message).storeField(tag, (long) enumValue);
+                }
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 15: // SINT32
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+                position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+                unsafe.putInt(
+                    message, fieldOffset, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(registers.int1));
+                currentPresenceField |= presenceMask;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 16: // SINT64
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+                position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+                unsafe.putLong(
+                    message, fieldOffset, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(registers.long1));
+
+                currentPresenceField |= presenceMask;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 17: // GROUP
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP) {
+                final int endTag = (number << 3) | WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP;
+                position =
+                    decodeGroupField(
+                        getMessageFieldSchema(pos), data, position, limit, endTag, registers);
+                if ((currentPresenceField & presenceMask) == 0) {
+                  unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, registers.object1);
+                } else {
+                  unsafe.putObject(
+                      message,
+                      fieldOffset,
+                      Internal.mergeMessage(
+                          unsafe.getObject(message, fieldOffset), registers.object1));
+                }
+
+                currentPresenceField |= presenceMask;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            default:
+              break;
+          }
+        } else if (fieldType == 27) {
+          // Handle repeated message fields.
+          if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+            ProtobufList<?> list = (ProtobufList<?>) unsafe.getObject(message, fieldOffset);
+            if (!list.isModifiable()) {
+              final int size = list.size();
+              list =
+                  list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+                      size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+              unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, list);
+            }
+            position =
+                decodeMessageList(
+                    getMessageFieldSchema(pos), tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+            continue;
+          }
+        } else if (fieldType <= 49) {
+          // Handle all other repeated fields.
+          final int oldPosition = position;
+          position =
+              parseRepeatedField(
+                  message,
+                  data,
+                  position,
+                  limit,
+                  tag,
+                  number,
+                  wireType,
+                  pos,
+                  typeAndOffset,
+                  fieldType,
+                  fieldOffset,
+                  registers);
+          if (position != oldPosition) {
+            continue;
+          }
+        } else if (fieldType == 50) {
+          if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+            final int oldPosition = position;
+            position = parseMapField(message, data, position, limit, pos, fieldOffset, registers);
+            if (position != oldPosition) {
+              continue;
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          final int oldPosition = position;
+          position =
+              parseOneofField(
+                  message,
+                  data,
+                  position,
+                  limit,
+                  tag,
+                  number,
+                  wireType,
+                  typeAndOffset,
+                  fieldType,
+                  fieldOffset,
+                  pos,
+                  registers);
+          if (position != oldPosition) {
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (tag == endGroup && endGroup != 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      if (hasExtensions
+          && registers.extensionRegistry != ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry()) {
+        position = decodeExtensionOrUnknownField(
+            tag, data, position, limit, message, defaultInstance,
+            (UnknownFieldSchema<UnknownFieldSetLite, UnknownFieldSetLite>) unknownFieldSchema,
+            registers);
+      } else {
+        position = decodeUnknownField(
+            tag, data, position, limit, getMutableUnknownFields(message), registers);
+      }
+    }
+    if (currentPresenceFieldOffset != -1) {
+      unsafe.putInt(message, (long) currentPresenceFieldOffset, currentPresenceField);
+    }
+    UnknownFieldSetLite unknownFields = null;
+    for (int i = checkInitializedCount; i < repeatedFieldOffsetStart; i++) {
+      unknownFields =
+          filterMapUnknownEnumValues(
+              message,
+              intArray[i],
+              unknownFields,
+              (UnknownFieldSchema<UnknownFieldSetLite, UnknownFieldSetLite>) unknownFieldSchema);
+    }
+    if (unknownFields != null) {
+      ((UnknownFieldSchema<UnknownFieldSetLite, UnknownFieldSetLite>) unknownFieldSchema)
+          .setBuilderToMessage(message, unknownFields);
+    }
+    if (endGroup == 0) {
+      if (position != limit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (position > limit || tag != endGroup) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+      }
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  /** Parses a proto3 message and returns the limit if parsing is successful. */
+  private int parseProto3Message(
+      T message, byte[] data, int position, int limit, Registers registers) throws IOException {
+    final sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = UNSAFE;
+    int tag = 0;
+    int oldNumber = -1;
+    int pos = 0;
+    while (position < limit) {
+      tag = data[position++];
+      if (tag < 0) {
+        position = decodeVarint32(tag, data, position, registers);
+        tag = registers.int1;
+      }
+      final int number = tag >>> 3;
+      final int wireType = tag & 0x7;
+      if (number > oldNumber) {
+        pos = positionForFieldNumber(number, pos / INTS_PER_FIELD);
+      } else {
+        pos = positionForFieldNumber(number);
+      }
+      oldNumber = number;
+      if (pos == -1) {
+        // need to reset
+        pos = 0;
+      } else {
+        final int typeAndOffset = buffer[pos + 1];
+        final int fieldType = type(typeAndOffset);
+        final long fieldOffset = offset(typeAndOffset);
+        if (fieldType <= 17) {
+          switch (fieldType) {
+            case 0: // DOUBLE:
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64) {
+                UnsafeUtil.putDouble(message, fieldOffset, decodeDouble(data, position));
+                position += 8;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 1: // FLOAT:
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32) {
+                UnsafeUtil.putFloat(message, fieldOffset, decodeFloat(data, position));
+                position += 4;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 2: // INT64:
+            case 3: // UINT64:
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+                position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+                unsafe.putLong(message, fieldOffset, registers.long1);
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 4: // INT32:
+            case 11: // UINT32:
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+                position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+                unsafe.putInt(message, fieldOffset, registers.int1);
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 5: // FIXED64:
+            case 14: // SFIXED64:
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64) {
+                unsafe.putLong(message, fieldOffset, decodeFixed64(data, position));
+                position += 8;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 6: // FIXED32:
+            case 13: // SFIXED32:
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32) {
+                unsafe.putInt(message, fieldOffset, decodeFixed32(data, position));
+                position += 4;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 7: // BOOL:
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+                position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+                UnsafeUtil.putBoolean(message, fieldOffset, registers.long1 != 0);
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 8: // STRING:
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+                if ((typeAndOffset & ENFORCE_UTF8_MASK) == 0) {
+                  position = decodeString(data, position, registers);
+                } else {
+                  position = decodeStringRequireUtf8(data, position, registers);
+                }
+                unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, registers.object1);
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 9: // MESSAGE:
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+                position =
+                    decodeMessageField(
+                        getMessageFieldSchema(pos), data, position, limit, registers);
+                final Object oldValue = unsafe.getObject(message, fieldOffset);
+                if (oldValue == null) {
+                  unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, registers.object1);
+                } else {
+                  unsafe.putObject(
+                      message, fieldOffset, Internal.mergeMessage(oldValue, registers.object1));
+                }
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 10: // BYTES:
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+                position = decodeBytes(data, position, registers);
+                unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, registers.object1);
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 12: // ENUM:
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+                position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+                unsafe.putInt(message, fieldOffset, registers.int1);
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 15: // SINT32:
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+                position = decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+                unsafe.putInt(
+                    message, fieldOffset, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(registers.int1));
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 16: // SINT64:
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+                position = decodeVarint64(data, position, registers);
+                unsafe.putLong(
+                    message, fieldOffset, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(registers.long1));
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            default:
+              break;
+          }
+        } else if (fieldType == 27) {
+          // Handle repeated message field.
+          if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+            ProtobufList<?> list = (ProtobufList<?>) unsafe.getObject(message, fieldOffset);
+            if (!list.isModifiable()) {
+              final int size = list.size();
+              list =
+                  list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+                      size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+              unsafe.putObject(message, fieldOffset, list);
+            }
+            position =
+                decodeMessageList(
+                    getMessageFieldSchema(pos), tag, data, position, limit, list, registers);
+            continue;
+          }
+        } else if (fieldType <= 49) {
+          // Handle all other repeated fields.
+          final int oldPosition = position;
+          position =
+              parseRepeatedField(
+                  message,
+                  data,
+                  position,
+                  limit,
+                  tag,
+                  number,
+                  wireType,
+                  pos,
+                  typeAndOffset,
+                  fieldType,
+                  fieldOffset,
+                  registers);
+          if (position != oldPosition) {
+            continue;
+          }
+        } else if (fieldType == 50) {
+          if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+            final int oldPosition = position;
+            position = parseMapField(message, data, position, limit, pos, fieldOffset, registers);
+            if (position != oldPosition) {
+              continue;
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          final int oldPosition = position;
+          position =
+              parseOneofField(
+                  message,
+                  data,
+                  position,
+                  limit,
+                  tag,
+                  number,
+                  wireType,
+                  typeAndOffset,
+                  fieldType,
+                  fieldOffset,
+                  pos,
+                  registers);
+          if (position != oldPosition) {
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      position = decodeUnknownField(
+          tag, data, position, limit, getMutableUnknownFields(message), registers);
+    }
+    if (position != limit) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+    }
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void mergeFrom(T message, byte[] data, int position, int limit, Registers registers)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (proto3) {
+      parseProto3Message(message, data, position, limit, registers);
+    } else {
+      parseProto2Message(message, data, position, limit, 0, registers);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void makeImmutable(T message) {
+    // Make all repeated/map fields immutable.
+    for (int i = checkInitializedCount; i < repeatedFieldOffsetStart; i++) {
+      long offset = offset(typeAndOffsetAt(intArray[i]));
+      Object mapField = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+      if (mapField == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, mapFieldSchema.toImmutable(mapField));
+    }
+    final int length = intArray.length;
+    for (int i = repeatedFieldOffsetStart; i < length; i++) {
+      listFieldSchema.makeImmutableListAt(message, intArray[i]);
+    }
+    unknownFieldSchema.makeImmutable(message);
+    if (hasExtensions) {
+      extensionSchema.makeImmutable(message);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private final <K, V> void mergeMap(
+      Object message,
+      int pos,
+      Object mapDefaultEntry,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+      Reader reader)
+      throws IOException {
+    long offset = offset(typeAndOffsetAt(pos));
+    Object mapField = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+    // TODO(xiaofeng): Consider creating separate implementations for full and lite. In lite
+    // runtime map field will never be null but here we still need to check null because the
+    // code is shared by both full and lite. It might be better if full/lite uses different
+    // schema implementations.
+    if (mapField == null) {
+      mapField = mapFieldSchema.newMapField(mapDefaultEntry);
+      UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, mapField);
+    } else if (mapFieldSchema.isImmutable(mapField)) {
+      Object oldMapField = mapField;
+      mapField = mapFieldSchema.newMapField(mapDefaultEntry);
+      mapFieldSchema.mergeFrom(mapField, oldMapField);
+      UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, mapField);
+    }
+    reader.readMap(
+        (Map<K, V>) mapFieldSchema.forMutableMapData(mapField),
+        (Metadata<K, V>) mapFieldSchema.forMapMetadata(mapDefaultEntry),
+        extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  private final <UT, UB> UB filterMapUnknownEnumValues(
+      Object message, int pos, UB unknownFields, UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> unknownFieldSchema) {
+    int fieldNumber = numberAt(pos);
+    long offset = offset(typeAndOffsetAt(pos));
+    Object mapField = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+    if (mapField == null) {
+      return unknownFields;
+    }
+    EnumVerifier enumVerifier = getEnumFieldVerifier(pos);
+    if (enumVerifier == null) {
+      return unknownFields;
+    }
+    Map<?, ?> mapData = mapFieldSchema.forMutableMapData(mapField);
+    // Filter unknown enum values.
+    unknownFields =
+        filterUnknownEnumMap(
+            pos, fieldNumber, mapData, enumVerifier, unknownFields, unknownFieldSchema);
+    return unknownFields;
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private final <K, V, UT, UB> UB filterUnknownEnumMap(
+      int pos,
+      int number,
+      Map<K, V> mapData,
+      EnumVerifier enumVerifier,
+      UB unknownFields,
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> unknownFieldSchema) {
+    Metadata<K, V> metadata =
+        (Metadata<K, V>) mapFieldSchema.forMapMetadata(getMapFieldDefaultEntry(pos));
+    for (Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> it = mapData.entrySet().iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
+      Map.Entry<K, V> entry = it.next();
+      if (!enumVerifier.isInRange((Integer) entry.getValue())) {
+        if (unknownFields == null) {
+          unknownFields = unknownFieldSchema.newBuilder();
+        }
+        int entrySize =
+            MapEntryLite.computeSerializedSize(metadata, entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        CodedBuilder codedBuilder = ByteString.newCodedBuilder(entrySize);
+        CodedOutputStream codedOutput = codedBuilder.getCodedOutput();
+        try {
+          MapEntryLite.writeTo(codedOutput, metadata, entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          // Writing to ByteString CodedOutputStream should not throw IOException.
+          throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+        unknownFieldSchema.addLengthDelimited(unknownFields, number, codedBuilder.build());
+        it.remove();
+      }
+    }
+    return unknownFields;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final boolean isInitialized(T message) {
+    int currentPresenceFieldOffset = -1;
+    int currentPresenceField = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < checkInitializedCount; i++) {
+      final int pos = intArray[i];
+      final int number = numberAt(pos);
+
+      final int typeAndOffset = typeAndOffsetAt(pos);
+
+      int presenceMaskAndOffset = 0;
+      int presenceMask = 0;
+      if (!proto3) {
+        presenceMaskAndOffset = buffer[pos + 2];
+        final int presenceFieldOffset = presenceMaskAndOffset & OFFSET_MASK;
+        presenceMask = 1 << (presenceMaskAndOffset >>> OFFSET_BITS);
+        if (presenceFieldOffset != currentPresenceFieldOffset) {
+          currentPresenceFieldOffset = presenceFieldOffset;
+          currentPresenceField = UNSAFE.getInt(message, (long) presenceFieldOffset);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (isRequired(typeAndOffset)) {
+        if (!isFieldPresent(message, pos, currentPresenceField, presenceMask)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        // If a required message field is set but has no required fields of it's own, we still
+        // proceed and check the message is initialized. It should be fairly cheap to check these
+        // messages but is worth documenting.
+      }
+      // Check nested message and groups.
+      switch (type(typeAndOffset)) {
+        case 9: // MESSAGE
+        case 17: // GROUP
+          if (isFieldPresent(message, pos, currentPresenceField, presenceMask)
+              && !isInitialized(message, typeAndOffset, getMessageFieldSchema(pos))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        case 27: // MESSAGE_LIST
+        case 49: // GROUP_LIST
+          if (!isListInitialized(message, typeAndOffset, pos)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        case 60: // ONEOF_MESSAGE
+        case 68: // ONEOF_GROUP
+          if (isOneofPresent(message, number, pos)
+              && !isInitialized(message, typeAndOffset, getMessageFieldSchema(pos))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        case 50: // MAP
+          if (!isMapInitialized(message, typeAndOffset, pos)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (hasExtensions) {
+      if (!extensionSchema.getExtensions(message).isInitialized()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isInitialized(Object message, int typeAndOffset, Schema schema) {
+    Object nested = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset));
+    return schema.isInitialized(nested);
+  }
+
+  private <N> boolean isListInitialized(Object message, int typeAndOffset, int pos) {
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    List<N> list = (List<N>) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset));
+    if (list.isEmpty()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    Schema schema = getMessageFieldSchema(pos);
+    for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
+      N nested = list.get(i);
+      if (!schema.isInitialized(nested)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private boolean isMapInitialized(T message, int typeAndOffset, int pos) {
+    Map<?, ?> map = mapFieldSchema.forMapData(UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+    if (map.isEmpty()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    Object mapDefaultEntry = getMapFieldDefaultEntry(pos);
+    MapEntryLite.Metadata<?, ?> metadata = mapFieldSchema.forMapMetadata(mapDefaultEntry);
+    if (metadata.valueType.getJavaType() != WireFormat.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    // TODO(dweis): Use schema cache.
+    Schema schema = null;
+    for (Object nested : map.values()) {
+      if (schema == null) {
+        schema = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(nested.getClass());
+      }
+      if (!schema.isInitialized(nested)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private void writeString(int fieldNumber, Object value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value instanceof String) {
+      writer.writeString(fieldNumber, (String) value);
+    } else {
+      writer.writeBytes(fieldNumber, (ByteString) value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void readString(Object message, int typeAndOffset, Reader reader) throws IOException {
+    if (isEnforceUtf8(typeAndOffset)) {
+      // Enforce valid UTF-8 on the read.
+      UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readStringRequireUtf8());
+    } else if (lite) {
+      // Lite messages use String fields to store strings. Read a string but do not
+      // enforce UTF-8
+      UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readString());
+    } else {
+      // Full runtime messages use Objects to store either a String or ByteString. Read
+      // the string as a ByteString and do not enforce UTF-8.
+      UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset(typeAndOffset), reader.readBytes());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void readStringList(Object message, int typeAndOffset, Reader reader) throws IOException {
+    if (isEnforceUtf8(typeAndOffset)) {
+      reader.readStringListRequireUtf8(
+          listFieldSchema.<String>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+    } else {
+      reader.readStringList(listFieldSchema.<String>mutableListAt(message, offset(typeAndOffset)));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private <E> void readMessageList(
+      Object message,
+      int typeAndOffset,
+      Reader reader,
+      Schema<E> schema,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    long offset = offset(typeAndOffset);
+    reader.readMessageList(
+        listFieldSchema.<E>mutableListAt(message, offset), schema, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  private <E> void readGroupList(
+      Object message,
+      long offset,
+      Reader reader,
+      Schema<E> schema,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    reader.readGroupList(
+        listFieldSchema.<E>mutableListAt(message, offset), schema, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  private int numberAt(int pos) {
+    return buffer[pos];
+  }
+
+  private int typeAndOffsetAt(int pos) {
+    return buffer[pos + 1];
+  }
+
+  private int presenceMaskAndOffsetAt(int pos) {
+    return buffer[pos + 2];
+  }
+
+  private static int type(int value) {
+    return (value & FIELD_TYPE_MASK) >>> OFFSET_BITS;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isRequired(int value) {
+    return (value & REQUIRED_MASK) != 0;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isEnforceUtf8(int value) {
+    return (value & ENFORCE_UTF8_MASK) != 0;
+  }
+
+  private static long offset(int value) {
+    return value & OFFSET_MASK;
+  }
+
+  private static <T> double doubleAt(T message, long offset) {
+    return UnsafeUtil.getDouble(message, offset);
+  }
+
+  private static <T> float floatAt(T message, long offset) {
+    return UnsafeUtil.getFloat(message, offset);
+  }
+
+  private static <T> int intAt(T message, long offset) {
+    return UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset);
+  }
+
+  private static <T> long longAt(T message, long offset) {
+    return UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset);
+  }
+
+  private static <T> boolean booleanAt(T message, long offset) {
+    return UnsafeUtil.getBoolean(message, offset);
+  }
+
+  private static <T> double oneofDoubleAt(T message, long offset) {
+    return ((Double) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset)).doubleValue();
+  }
+
+  private static <T> float oneofFloatAt(T message, long offset) {
+    return ((Float) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset)).floatValue();
+  }
+
+  private static <T> int oneofIntAt(T message, long offset) {
+    return ((Integer) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset)).intValue();
+  }
+
+  private static <T> long oneofLongAt(T message, long offset) {
+    return ((Long) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset)).longValue();
+  }
+
+  private static <T> boolean oneofBooleanAt(T message, long offset) {
+    return ((Boolean) UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset)).booleanValue();
+  }
+
+  /** Returns true the field is present in both messages, or neither. */
+  private boolean arePresentForEquals(T message, T other, int pos) {
+    return isFieldPresent(message, pos) == isFieldPresent(other, pos);
+  }
+
+  private boolean isFieldPresent(T message, int pos, int presenceField, int presenceMask) {
+    if (proto3) {
+      return isFieldPresent(message, pos);
+    } else {
+      return (presenceField & presenceMask) != 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean isFieldPresent(T message, int pos) {
+    if (proto3) {
+      final int typeAndOffset = typeAndOffsetAt(pos);
+      final long offset = offset(typeAndOffset);
+      switch (type(typeAndOffset)) {
+        case 0: // DOUBLE:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getDouble(message, offset) != 0D;
+        case 1: // FLOAT:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getFloat(message, offset) != 0F;
+        case 2: // INT64:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset) != 0L;
+        case 3: // UINT64:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset) != 0L;
+        case 4: // INT32:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset) != 0;
+        case 5: // FIXED64:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset) != 0L;
+        case 6: // FIXED32:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset) != 0;
+        case 7: // BOOL:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getBoolean(message, offset);
+        case 8: // STRING:
+          Object value = UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset);
+          if (value instanceof String) {
+            return !((String) value).isEmpty();
+          } else if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+            return !ByteString.EMPTY.equals(value);
+          } else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+          }
+        case 9: // MESSAGE:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset) != null;
+        case 10: // BYTES:
+          return !ByteString.EMPTY.equals(UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset));
+        case 11: // UINT32:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset) != 0;
+        case 12: // ENUM:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset) != 0;
+        case 13: // SFIXED32:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset) != 0;
+        case 14: // SFIXED64:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset) != 0L;
+        case 15: // SINT32:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, offset) != 0;
+        case 16: // SINT64:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getLong(message, offset) != 0L;
+        case 17: // GROUP:
+          return UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset) != null;
+        default:
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+      }
+    } else {
+      int presenceMaskAndOffset = presenceMaskAndOffsetAt(pos);
+      final int presenceMask = 1 << (presenceMaskAndOffset >>> OFFSET_BITS);
+      return (UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, presenceMaskAndOffset & OFFSET_MASK) & presenceMask) != 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void setFieldPresent(T message, int pos) {
+    if (proto3) {
+      // Proto3 doesn't have presence fields
+      return;
+    }
+    int presenceMaskAndOffset = presenceMaskAndOffsetAt(pos);
+    final int presenceMask = 1 << (presenceMaskAndOffset >>> OFFSET_BITS);
+    final long presenceFieldOffset = presenceMaskAndOffset & OFFSET_MASK;
+    UnsafeUtil.putInt(
+        message,
+        presenceFieldOffset,
+        UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, presenceFieldOffset) | presenceMask);
+  }
+
+  private boolean isOneofPresent(T message, int fieldNumber, int pos) {
+    int presenceMaskAndOffset = presenceMaskAndOffsetAt(pos);
+    return UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, presenceMaskAndOffset & OFFSET_MASK) == fieldNumber;
+  }
+
+  private boolean isOneofCaseEqual(T message, T other, int pos) {
+    int presenceMaskAndOffset = presenceMaskAndOffsetAt(pos);
+    return UnsafeUtil.getInt(message, presenceMaskAndOffset & OFFSET_MASK)
+        == UnsafeUtil.getInt(other, presenceMaskAndOffset & OFFSET_MASK);
+  }
+
+  private void setOneofPresent(T message, int fieldNumber, int pos) {
+    int presenceMaskAndOffset = presenceMaskAndOffsetAt(pos);
+    UnsafeUtil.putInt(message, presenceMaskAndOffset & OFFSET_MASK, fieldNumber);
+  }
+
+  private int positionForFieldNumber(final int number) {
+    if (number >= minFieldNumber && number <= maxFieldNumber) {
+      return slowPositionForFieldNumber(number, 0);
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  private int positionForFieldNumber(final int number, final int min) {
+    if (number >= minFieldNumber && number <= maxFieldNumber) {
+      return slowPositionForFieldNumber(number, min);
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  private int slowPositionForFieldNumber(final int number, int min) {
+    int max = buffer.length / INTS_PER_FIELD - 1;
+    while (min <= max) {
+      // Find the midpoint address.
+      final int mid = (max + min) >>> 1;
+      final int pos = mid * INTS_PER_FIELD;
+      final int midFieldNumber = numberAt(pos);
+      if (number == midFieldNumber) {
+        // Found the field.
+        return pos;
+      }
+      if (number < midFieldNumber) {
+        // Search the lower half.
+        max = mid - 1;
+      } else {
+        // Search the upper half.
+        min = mid + 1;
+      }
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  int getSchemaSize() {
+    return buffer.length * 3;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageSetSchema.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageSetSchema.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..187dc8b8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageSetSchema.java
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+
+/** Schema used for proto2 messages using message_set_wireformat. */
+final class MessageSetSchema<T> implements Schema<T> {
+  private final MessageLite defaultInstance;
+  private final UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> unknownFieldSchema;
+  private final boolean hasExtensions;
+  private final ExtensionSchema<?> extensionSchema;
+
+  private MessageSetSchema(
+      UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> unknownFieldSchema,
+      ExtensionSchema<?> extensionSchema,
+      MessageLite defaultInstance) {
+    this.unknownFieldSchema = unknownFieldSchema;
+    this.hasExtensions = extensionSchema.hasExtensions(defaultInstance);
+    this.extensionSchema = extensionSchema;
+    this.defaultInstance = defaultInstance;
+  }
+
+  static <T> MessageSetSchema<T> newSchema(
+      UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> unknownFieldSchema,
+      ExtensionSchema<?> extensionSchema,
+      MessageLite defaultInstance) {
+    return new MessageSetSchema<T>(unknownFieldSchema, extensionSchema, defaultInstance);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  @Override
+  public T newInstance() {
+    return (T) defaultInstance.newBuilderForType().buildPartial();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(T message, T other) {
+    Object messageUnknown = unknownFieldSchema.getFromMessage(message);
+    Object otherUnknown = unknownFieldSchema.getFromMessage(other);
+    if (!messageUnknown.equals(otherUnknown)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (hasExtensions) {
+      FieldSet<?> messageExtensions = extensionSchema.getExtensions(message);
+      FieldSet<?> otherExtensions = extensionSchema.getExtensions(other);
+      return messageExtensions.equals(otherExtensions);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode(T message) {
+    int hashCode = unknownFieldSchema.getFromMessage(message).hashCode();
+    if (hasExtensions) {
+      FieldSet<?> extensions = extensionSchema.getExtensions(message);
+      hashCode = (hashCode * 53) + extensions.hashCode();
+    }
+    return hashCode;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void mergeFrom(T message, T other) {
+    SchemaUtil.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFieldSchema, message, other);
+    if (hasExtensions) {
+      SchemaUtil.mergeExtensions(extensionSchema, message, other);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  @Override
+  public void writeTo(T message, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    FieldSet<?> extensions = extensionSchema.getExtensions(message);
+    Iterator<?> iterator = extensions.iterator();
+    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+      Entry<?, ?> extension = (Entry<?, ?>) iterator.next();
+      FieldSet.FieldDescriptorLite<?> fd = (FieldSet.FieldDescriptorLite<?>) extension.getKey();
+      if (fd.getLiteJavaType() != WireFormat.JavaType.MESSAGE || fd.isRepeated() || fd.isPacked()) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Found invalid MessageSet item.");
+      }
+      if (extension instanceof LazyField.LazyEntry) {
+        writer.writeMessageSetItem(
+            fd.getNumber(), ((LazyField.LazyEntry) extension).getField().toByteString());
+      } else {
+        writer.writeMessageSetItem(fd.getNumber(), extension.getValue());
+      }
+    }
+    writeUnknownFieldsHelper(unknownFieldSchema, message, writer);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A helper method for wildcard capture of {@code unknownFieldSchema}. See:
+   * https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/generics/capture.html
+   */
+  private <UT, UB> void writeUnknownFieldsHelper(
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> unknownFieldSchema, T message, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    unknownFieldSchema.writeAsMessageSetTo(unknownFieldSchema.getFromMessage(message), writer);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("ReferenceEquality")
+  @Override
+  public void mergeFrom(
+      T message, byte[] data, int position, int limit, ArrayDecoders.Registers registers)
+      throws IOException {
+    UnknownFieldSetLite unknownFields = ((GeneratedMessageLite) message).unknownFields;
+    if (unknownFields == UnknownFieldSetLite.getDefaultInstance()) {
+      unknownFields = UnknownFieldSetLite.newInstance();
+      ((GeneratedMessageLite) message).unknownFields = unknownFields;
+    }
+    final FieldSet<GeneratedMessageLite.ExtensionDescriptor> extensions =
+        ((GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableMessage<?, ?>) message).ensureExtensionsAreMutable();
+    GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<?, ?> extension = null;
+    while (position < limit) {
+      position = ArrayDecoders.decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+      final int startTag = registers.int1;
+      if (startTag != WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_TAG) {
+        if (WireFormat.getTagWireType(startTag) == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+          extension =
+              (GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<?, ?>) extensionSchema.findExtensionByNumber(
+                  registers.extensionRegistry, defaultInstance,
+                  WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(startTag));
+          if (extension != null) {
+            position =
+                ArrayDecoders.decodeMessageField(
+                    Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(
+                        extension.getMessageDefaultInstance().getClass()),
+                    data, position, limit, registers);
+            extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, registers.object1);
+          } else {
+            position =
+                ArrayDecoders.decodeUnknownField(
+                    startTag, data, position, limit, unknownFields, registers);
+          }
+        } else {
+          position = ArrayDecoders.skipField(startTag, data, position, limit, registers);
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      int typeId = 0;
+      ByteString rawBytes = null;
+
+      while (position < limit) {
+        position = ArrayDecoders.decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+        final int tag = registers.int1;
+        final int number = WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag);
+        final int wireType = WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag);
+        switch (number) {
+          case WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID:
+            if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT) {
+              position = ArrayDecoders.decodeVarint32(data, position, registers);
+              typeId = registers.int1;
+              extension =
+                  (GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<?, ?>) extensionSchema
+                      .findExtensionByNumber(registers.extensionRegistry, defaultInstance, typeId);
+              continue;
+            }
+            break;
+          case WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE:
+            if (extension != null) {
+              position = ArrayDecoders.decodeMessageField(
+                  Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(
+                      extension.getMessageDefaultInstance().getClass()),
+                  data, position, limit, registers);
+              extensions.setField(extension.descriptor, registers.object1);
+              continue;
+            } else {
+              if (wireType == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+                position = ArrayDecoders.decodeBytes(data, position, registers);
+                rawBytes = (ByteString) registers.object1;
+                continue;
+              }
+              break;
+            }
+          default:
+            break;
+        }
+        if (tag == WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_END_TAG) {
+          break;
+        }
+        position = ArrayDecoders.skipField(tag, data, position, limit, registers);
+      }
+
+      if (rawBytes != null) {
+        unknownFields.storeField(
+            WireFormat.makeTag(typeId, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED), rawBytes);
+      }
+    }
+    if (position != limit) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.parseFailure();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void mergeFrom(T message, Reader reader, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    mergeFromHelper(unknownFieldSchema, extensionSchema, message, reader, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A helper method for wildcard capture of {@code unknownFieldSchema}. See:
+   * https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/generics/capture.html
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private <UT, UB, ET extends FieldSet.FieldDescriptorLite<ET>> void mergeFromHelper(
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> unknownFieldSchema,
+      ExtensionSchema<ET> extensionSchema,
+      T message,
+      Reader reader,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    UB unknownFields = unknownFieldSchema.getBuilderFromMessage(message);
+    FieldSet<ET> extensions = extensionSchema.getMutableExtensions(message);
+    try {
+      while (true) {
+        final int number = reader.getFieldNumber();
+        if (number == Reader.READ_DONE) {
+          return;
+        }
+        if (parseMessageSetItemOrUnknownField(
+            reader,
+            extensionRegistry,
+            extensionSchema,
+            extensions,
+            unknownFieldSchema,
+            unknownFields)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        // Done reading.
+        return;
+      }
+    } finally {
+      unknownFieldSchema.setBuilderToMessage(message, unknownFields);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void makeImmutable(T message) {
+    unknownFieldSchema.makeImmutable(message);
+    extensionSchema.makeImmutable(message);
+  }
+
+  private <UT, UB, ET extends FieldSet.FieldDescriptorLite<ET>>
+      boolean parseMessageSetItemOrUnknownField(
+          Reader reader,
+          ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry,
+          ExtensionSchema<ET> extensionSchema,
+          FieldSet<ET> extensions,
+          UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> unknownFieldSchema,
+          UB unknownFields)
+          throws IOException {
+    int startTag = reader.getTag();
+    if (startTag != WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_TAG) {
+      if (WireFormat.getTagWireType(startTag) == WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+        Object extension =
+            extensionSchema.findExtensionByNumber(
+                extensionRegistry, defaultInstance, WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(startTag));
+        if (extension != null) {
+          extensionSchema.parseLengthPrefixedMessageSetItem(
+              reader, extension, extensionRegistry, extensions);
+          return true;
+        } else {
+          return unknownFieldSchema.mergeOneFieldFrom(unknownFields, reader);
+        }
+      } else {
+        return reader.skipField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // The wire format for MessageSet is:
+    //   message MessageSet {
+    //     repeated group Item = 1 {
+    //       required int32 typeId = 2;
+    //       required bytes message = 3;
+    //     }
+    //   }
+    // "typeId" is the extension's field number.  The extension can only be
+    // a message type, where "message" contains the encoded bytes of that
+    // message.
+    //
+    // In practice, we will probably never see a MessageSet item in which
+    // the message appears before the type ID, or where either field does not
+    // appear exactly once.  However, in theory such cases are valid, so we
+    // should be prepared to accept them.
+
+    int typeId = 0;
+    ByteString rawBytes = null; // If we encounter "message" before "typeId"
+    Object extension = null;
+
+    // Read bytes from input, if we get it's type first then parse it eagerly,
+    // otherwise we store the raw bytes in a local variable.
+    loop:
+    while (true) {
+      final int number = reader.getFieldNumber();
+      if (number == Reader.READ_DONE) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      final int tag = reader.getTag();
+      if (tag == WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID_TAG) {
+        typeId = reader.readUInt32();
+        extension =
+            extensionSchema.findExtensionByNumber(extensionRegistry, defaultInstance, typeId);
+        continue;
+      } else if (tag == WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE_TAG) {
+        if (extension != null) {
+          extensionSchema.parseLengthPrefixedMessageSetItem(
+              reader, extension, extensionRegistry, extensions);
+          continue;
+        }
+        // We haven't seen a type ID yet or we want parse message lazily.
+        rawBytes = reader.readBytes();
+        continue;
+      } else {
+        if (!reader.skipField()) {
+          break loop; // End of group
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (reader.getTag() != WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_END_TAG) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidEndTag();
+    }
+
+    // If there are any rawBytes left, it means the message content appears before the type ID.
+    if (rawBytes != null) {
+      if (extension != null) { // We known the type
+        // TODO(xiaofeng): Instead of reading into a temporary ByteString, maybe there is a way
+        // to read directly from Reader to the submessage?
+        extensionSchema.parseMessageSetItem(rawBytes, extension, extensionRegistry, extensions);
+      } else {
+        unknownFieldSchema.addLengthDelimited(unknownFields, typeId, rawBytes);
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final boolean isInitialized(T message) {
+    FieldSet<?> extensions = extensionSchema.getExtensions(message);
+    return extensions.isInitialized();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getSerializedSize(T message) {
+    int size = 0;
+
+    size += getUnknownFieldsSerializedSize(unknownFieldSchema, message);
+
+    if (hasExtensions) {
+      size += extensionSchema.getExtensions(message).getMessageSetSerializedSize();
+    }
+
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  private <UT, UB> int getUnknownFieldsSerializedSize(
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> schema, T message) {
+    UT unknowns = schema.getFromMessage(message);
+    return schema.getSerializedSizeAsMessageSet(unknowns);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MutabilityOracle.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MutabilityOracle.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c2f15756
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MutabilityOracle.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/** Verifies that an object is mutable, throwing if not. */
+interface MutabilityOracle {
+  static final MutabilityOracle IMMUTABLE =
+      new MutabilityOracle() {
+        @Override
+        public void ensureMutable() {
+          throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        }
+      };
+
+  /** Throws an {@link UnsupportedOperationException} if not mutable. */
+  void ensureMutable();
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchema.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchema.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f2dbb8ef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchema.java
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+interface NewInstanceSchema {
+  /** Create a new message instance given the default instance of the message type. */
+  Object newInstance(Object defaultInstance);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchemaFull.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchemaFull.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3433b657e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchemaFull.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+final class NewInstanceSchemaFull implements NewInstanceSchema {
+  @Override
+  public Object newInstance(Object defaultInstance) {
+    return ((GeneratedMessageV3) defaultInstance)
+        .newInstance(GeneratedMessageV3.UnusedPrivateParameter.INSTANCE);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchemaLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchemaLite.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9b9226676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchemaLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+final class NewInstanceSchemaLite implements NewInstanceSchema {
+  @Override
+  public Object newInstance(Object defaultInstance) {
+    return ((GeneratedMessageLite) defaultInstance)
+        .dynamicMethod(GeneratedMessageLite.MethodToInvoke.NEW_MUTABLE_INSTANCE);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchemas.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchemas.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eff45f67b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NewInstanceSchemas.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+final class NewInstanceSchemas {
+  private static final NewInstanceSchema FULL_SCHEMA = loadSchemaForFullRuntime();
+  private static final NewInstanceSchema LITE_SCHEMA = new NewInstanceSchemaLite();
+
+  static NewInstanceSchema full() {
+    return FULL_SCHEMA;
+  }
+
+  static NewInstanceSchema lite() {
+    return LITE_SCHEMA;
+  }
+
+  private static NewInstanceSchema loadSchemaForFullRuntime() {
+    try {
+      Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("com.google.protobuf.NewInstanceSchemaFull");
+      return (NewInstanceSchema) clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteString.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteString.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64c46be68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteString.java
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.InvalidMarkException;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/** A {@link ByteString} that wraps around a {@link ByteBuffer}. */
+final class NioByteString extends ByteString.LeafByteString {
+  private final ByteBuffer buffer;
+
+  NioByteString(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    checkNotNull(buffer, "buffer");
+
+    // Use native byte order for fast fixed32/64 operations.
+    this.buffer = buffer.slice().order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Serializable
+
+  /** Magic method that lets us override serialization behavior. */
+  private Object writeReplace() {
+    return ByteString.copyFrom(buffer.slice());
+  }
+
+  /** Magic method that lets us override deserialization behavior. */
+  private void readObject(@SuppressWarnings("unused") ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException {
+    throw new InvalidObjectException("NioByteString instances are not to be serialized directly");
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  @Override
+  public byte byteAt(int index) {
+    try {
+      return buffer.get(index);
+    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      throw e;
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public byte internalByteAt(int index) {
+    // it isn't possible to avoid the bounds checking inside of ByteBuffer, so just use the default
+    // implementation.
+    return byteAt(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int size() {
+    return buffer.remaining();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ByteString substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
+    try {
+      ByteBuffer slice = slice(beginIndex, endIndex);
+      return new NioByteString(slice);
+    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      throw e;
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void copyToInternal(
+      byte[] target, int sourceOffset, int targetOffset, int numberToCopy) {
+    ByteBuffer slice = buffer.slice();
+    slice.position(sourceOffset);
+    slice.get(target, targetOffset, numberToCopy);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void copyTo(ByteBuffer target) {
+    target.put(buffer.slice());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
+    out.write(toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  boolean equalsRange(ByteString other, int offset, int length) {
+    return substring(0, length).equals(other.substring(offset, offset + length));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void writeToInternal(OutputStream out, int sourceOffset, int numberToWrite) throws IOException {
+    if (buffer.hasArray()) {
+      // Optimized write for array-backed buffers.
+      // Note that we're taking the risk that a malicious OutputStream could modify the array.
+      int bufferOffset = buffer.arrayOffset() + buffer.position() + sourceOffset;
+      out.write(buffer.array(), bufferOffset, numberToWrite);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    ByteBufferWriter.write(slice(sourceOffset, sourceOffset + numberToWrite), out);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void writeTo(ByteOutput output) throws IOException {
+    output.writeLazy(buffer.slice());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ByteBuffer asReadOnlyByteBuffer() {
+    return buffer.asReadOnlyBuffer();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<ByteBuffer> asReadOnlyByteBufferList() {
+    return Collections.singletonList(asReadOnlyByteBuffer());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected String toStringInternal(Charset charset) {
+    final byte[] bytes;
+    final int offset;
+    final int length;
+    if (buffer.hasArray()) {
+      bytes = buffer.array();
+      offset = buffer.arrayOffset() + buffer.position();
+      length = buffer.remaining();
+    } else {
+      // TODO(nathanmittler): Can we optimize this?
+      bytes = toByteArray();
+      offset = 0;
+      length = bytes.length;
+    }
+    return new String(bytes, offset, length, charset);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isValidUtf8() {
+    return Utf8.isValidUtf8(buffer);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected int partialIsValidUtf8(int state, int offset, int length) {
+    return Utf8.partialIsValidUtf8(state, buffer, offset, offset + length);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object other) {
+    if (other == this) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!(other instanceof ByteString)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    ByteString otherString = ((ByteString) other);
+    if (size() != otherString.size()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (size() == 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (other instanceof NioByteString) {
+      return buffer.equals(((NioByteString) other).buffer);
+    }
+    if (other instanceof RopeByteString) {
+      return other.equals(this);
+    }
+    return buffer.equals(otherString.asReadOnlyByteBuffer());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected int partialHash(int h, int offset, int length) {
+    for (int i = offset; i < offset + length; i++) {
+      h = h * 31 + buffer.get(i);
+    }
+    return h;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public InputStream newInput() {
+    return new InputStream() {
+      private final ByteBuffer buf = buffer.slice();
+
+      @Override
+      public void mark(int readlimit) {
+        buf.mark();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean markSupported() {
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void reset() throws IOException {
+        try {
+          buf.reset();
+        } catch (InvalidMarkException e) {
+          throw new IOException(e);
+        }
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int available() throws IOException {
+        return buf.remaining();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int read() throws IOException {
+        if (!buf.hasRemaining()) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+        return buf.get() & 0xFF;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int read(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+        if (!buf.hasRemaining()) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+
+        len = Math.min(len, buf.remaining());
+        buf.get(bytes, off, len);
+        return len;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public CodedInputStream newCodedInput() {
+    return CodedInputStream.newInstance(buffer, true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a slice of a range of this buffer.
+   *
+   * @param beginIndex the beginning index of the slice (inclusive).
+   * @param endIndex the end index of the slice (exclusive).
+   * @return the requested slice.
+   */
+  private ByteBuffer slice(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
+    if (beginIndex < buffer.position() || endIndex > buffer.limit() || beginIndex > endIndex) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          String.format("Invalid indices [%d, %d]", beginIndex, endIndex));
+    }
+
+    ByteBuffer slice = buffer.slice();
+    slice.position(beginIndex - buffer.position());
+    slice.limit(endIndex - buffer.position());
+    return slice;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/OneofInfo.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/OneofInfo.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc518fcad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/OneofInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+
+/** Information for a oneof within a protobuf message. */
+// TODO(nathanmittler): make this private once all of experimental code is migrated to protobuf.
+@ExperimentalApi
+final class OneofInfo {
+  private final int id;
+  private final Field caseField;
+  private final Field valueField;
+
+  public OneofInfo(int id, Field caseField, Field valueField) {
+    this.id = id;
+    this.caseField = caseField;
+    this.valueField = valueField;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the unique identifier of the oneof within the message. This is really just an index
+   * starting at zero.
+   */
+  public int getId() {
+    return id;
+  }
+
+  /** The {@code int} field containing the field number of the currently active member. */
+  public Field getCaseField() {
+    return caseField;
+  }
+
+  /** The {@link Object} field containing the value of the currently active member. */
+  public Field getValueField() {
+    return valueField;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Parser.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Parser.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22ee99b18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Parser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract interface for parsing Protocol Messages.
+ *
+ * <p>The implementation should be stateless and thread-safe.
+ *
+ * <p>All methods may throw {@link InvalidProtocolBufferException}. In the event of invalid data,
+ * like an encoding error, the cause of the thrown exception will be {@code null}. However, if an
+ * I/O problem occurs, an exception is thrown with an {@link java.io.IOException} cause.
+ *
+ * @author liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+ */
+public interface Parser<MessageType> {
+
+  // NB(jh): Other parts of the protobuf API that parse messages distinguish between an I/O problem
+  // (like failure reading bytes from a socket) and invalid data (encoding error) via the type of
+  // thrown exception. But it would be source-incompatible to make the methods in this interface do
+  // so since they were originally spec'ed to only throw InvalidProtocolBufferException. So callers
+  // must inspect the cause of the exception to distinguish these two cases.
+
+  /**
+   * Parses a message of {@code MessageType} from the input.
+   *
+   * <p>Note: The caller should call {@link CodedInputStream#checkLastTagWas(int)} after calling
+   * this to verify that the last tag seen was the appropriate end-group tag, or zero for EOF.
+   */
+  public MessageType parseFrom(CodedInputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #parseFrom(CodedInputStream)}, but also parses extensions. The extensions that you
+   * want to be able to parse must be registered in {@code extensionRegistry}. Extensions not in the
+   * registry will be treated as unknown fields.
+   */
+  public MessageType parseFrom(CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #parseFrom(CodedInputStream)}, but does not throw an exception if the message is
+   * missing required fields. Instead, a partial message is returned.
+   */
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(CodedInputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #parseFrom(CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite)}, but does not throw an
+   * exception if the message is missing required fields. Instead, a partial message is returned.
+   */
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(
+      CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Convenience methods.
+
+  /**
+   * Parses {@code data} as a message of {@code MessageType}. This is just a small wrapper around
+   * {@link #parseFrom(CodedInputStream)}.
+   */
+  public MessageType parseFrom(ByteBuffer data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Parses {@code data} as a message of {@code MessageType}. This is just a small wrapper around
+   * {@link #parseFrom(CodedInputStream, ExtensionRegistryLite)}.
+   */
+  public MessageType parseFrom(ByteBuffer data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+  /**
+   * Parses {@code data} as a message of {@code MessageType}. This is just a small wrapper around
+   * {@link #parseFrom(CodedInputStream)}.
+   */
+  public MessageType parseFrom(ByteString data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Parses {@code data} as a message of {@code MessageType}. This is just a small wrapper around
+   * {@link #parseFrom(CodedInputStream, ExtensionRegistryLite)}.
+   */
+  public MessageType parseFrom(ByteString data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #parseFrom(ByteString)}, but does not throw an exception if the message is missing
+   * required fields. Instead, a partial message is returned.
+   */
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(ByteString data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #parseFrom(ByteString, ExtensionRegistryLite)}, but does not throw an exception if
+   * the message is missing required fields. Instead, a partial message is returned.
+   */
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(ByteString data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Parses {@code data} as a message of {@code MessageType}. This is just a small wrapper around
+   * {@link #parseFrom(CodedInputStream)}.
+   */
+  public MessageType parseFrom(byte[] data, int off, int len) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Parses {@code data} as a message of {@code MessageType}. This is just a small wrapper around
+   * {@link #parseFrom(CodedInputStream, ExtensionRegistryLite)}.
+   */
+  public MessageType parseFrom(
+      byte[] data, int off, int len, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Parses {@code data} as a message of {@code MessageType}. This is just a small wrapper around
+   * {@link #parseFrom(CodedInputStream)}.
+   */
+  public MessageType parseFrom(byte[] data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Parses {@code data} as a message of {@code MessageType}. This is just a small wrapper around
+   * {@link #parseFrom(CodedInputStream, ExtensionRegistryLite)}.
+   */
+  public MessageType parseFrom(byte[] data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #parseFrom(byte[], int, int)}, but does not throw an exception if the message is
+   * missing required fields. Instead, a partial message is returned.
+   */
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(byte[] data, int off, int len)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #parseFrom(ByteString, ExtensionRegistryLite)}, but does not throw an exception if
+   * the message is missing required fields. Instead, a partial message is returned.
+   */
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(
+      byte[] data, int off, int len, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #parseFrom(byte[])}, but does not throw an exception if the message is missing
+   * required fields. Instead, a partial message is returned.
+   */
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(byte[] data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #parseFrom(byte[], ExtensionRegistryLite)}, but does not throw an exception if the
+   * message is missing required fields. Instead, a partial message is returned.
+   */
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(byte[] data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Parse a message of {@code MessageType} from {@code input}. This is just a small wrapper around
+   * {@link #parseFrom(CodedInputStream)}. Note that this method always reads the <i>entire</i>
+   * input (unless it throws an exception). If you want it to stop earlier, you will need to wrap
+   * your input in some wrapper stream that limits reading. Or, use {@link
+   * MessageLite#writeDelimitedTo(java.io.OutputStream)} to write your message and {@link
+   * #parseDelimitedFrom(InputStream)} to read it.
+   *
+   * <p>Despite usually reading the entire input, this does not close the stream.
+   */
+  public MessageType parseFrom(InputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Parses a message of {@code MessageType} from {@code input}. This is just a small wrapper around
+   * {@link #parseFrom(CodedInputStream, ExtensionRegistryLite)}.
+   */
+  public MessageType parseFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #parseFrom(InputStream)}, but does not throw an exception if the message is missing
+   * required fields. Instead, a partial message is returned.
+   */
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(InputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #parseFrom(InputStream, ExtensionRegistryLite)}, but does not throw an exception if
+   * the message is missing required fields. Instead, a partial message is returned.
+   */
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #parseFrom(InputStream)}, but does not read until EOF. Instead, the size of message
+   * (encoded as a varint) is read first, then the message data. Use {@link
+   * MessageLite#writeDelimitedTo(java.io.OutputStream)} to write messages in this format.
+   *
+   * @return Parsed message if successful, or null if the stream is at EOF when the method starts.
+   *     Any other error (including reaching EOF during parsing) will cause an exception to be
+   *     thrown.
+   */
+  public MessageType parseDelimitedFrom(InputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /** Like {@link #parseDelimitedFrom(InputStream)} but supporting extensions. */
+  public MessageType parseDelimitedFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #parseDelimitedFrom(InputStream)}, but does not throw an exception if the message
+   * is missing required fields. Instead, a partial message is returned.
+   */
+  public MessageType parsePartialDelimitedFrom(InputStream input)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #parseDelimitedFrom(InputStream, ExtensionRegistryLite)}, but does not throw an
+   * exception if the message is missing required fields. Instead, a partial message is returned.
+   */
+  public MessageType parsePartialDelimitedFrom(
+      InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79b5769d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/** A marker interface indicating that the collection supports primitives and is non-boxing. */
+interface PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtoSyntax.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtoSyntax.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..851b839f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtoSyntax.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/** Represents the syntax version of the message. */
+@ExperimentalApi
+public enum ProtoSyntax {
+  PROTO2,
+  PROTO3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Protobuf.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Protobuf.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..adaa7fa8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Protobuf.java
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+
+/**
+ * Main runtime interface for protobuf. Applications should interact with this interface (rather
+ * than directly accessing internal APIs) in order to perform operations on protobuf messages.
+ */
+@ExperimentalApi
+final class Protobuf {
+  private static final Protobuf INSTANCE = new Protobuf();
+
+  private final SchemaFactory schemaFactory;
+
+  // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider using ClassValue instead.
+  private final ConcurrentMap<Class<?>, Schema<?>> schemaCache =
+      new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, Schema<?>>();
+
+  /** Gets the singleton instance of the Protobuf runtime. */
+  public static Protobuf getInstance() {
+    return INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  /** Writes the given message to the target {@link Writer}. */
+  public <T> void writeTo(T message, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    schemaFor(message).writeTo(message, writer);
+  }
+
+  /** Reads fields from the given {@link Reader} and merges them into the message. */
+  public <T> void mergeFrom(T message, Reader reader) throws IOException {
+    mergeFrom(message, reader, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+  }
+
+  /** Reads fields from the given {@link Reader} and merges them into the message. */
+  public <T> void mergeFrom(T message, Reader reader, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException {
+    schemaFor(message).mergeFrom(message, reader, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  /** Marks repeated/map/extension/unknown fields as immutable. */
+  public <T> void makeImmutable(T message) {
+    schemaFor(message).makeImmutable(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if all required fields are set. TODO(xiaofeng): Make this package private when the tests
+   * are moved to protobuf package.
+   */
+  public <T> boolean isInitialized(T message) {
+    return schemaFor(message).isInitialized(message);
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the schema for the given message type. */
+  public <T> Schema<T> schemaFor(Class<T> messageType) {
+    checkNotNull(messageType, "messageType");
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    Schema<T> schema = (Schema<T>) schemaCache.get(messageType);
+    if (schema == null) {
+      schema = schemaFactory.createSchema(messageType);
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      Schema<T> previous = (Schema<T>) registerSchema(messageType, schema);
+      if (previous != null) {
+        // A new schema was registered by another thread.
+        schema = previous;
+      }
+    }
+    return schema;
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the schema for the given message. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public <T> Schema<T> schemaFor(T message) {
+    return schemaFor((Class<T>) message.getClass());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Registers the given schema for the message type only if a schema was not already registered.
+   *
+   * @param messageType the type of message on which the schema operates.
+   * @param schema the schema for the message type.
+   * @return the previously registered schema, or {@code null} if the given schema was successfully
+   *     registered.
+   */
+  public Schema<?> registerSchema(Class<?> messageType, Schema<?> schema) {
+    checkNotNull(messageType, "messageType");
+    checkNotNull(schema, "schema");
+    return schemaCache.putIfAbsent(messageType, schema);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Visible for testing only. Registers the given schema for the message type. If a schema was
+   * previously registered, it will be replaced by the provided schema.
+   *
+   * @param messageType the type of message on which the schema operates.
+   * @param schema the schema for the message type.
+   * @return the previously registered schema, or {@code null} if no schema was registered
+   *     previously.
+   */
+  public Schema<?> registerSchemaOverride(Class<?> messageType, Schema<?> schema) {
+    checkNotNull(messageType, "messageType");
+    checkNotNull(schema, "schema");
+    return schemaCache.put(messageType, schema);
+  }
+
+  private Protobuf() {
+    schemaFactory = new ManifestSchemaFactory();
+  }
+
+  int getTotalSchemaSize() {
+    int result = 0;
+    for (Schema<?> schema : schemaCache.values()) {
+      if (schema instanceof MessageSchema) {
+        result += ((MessageSchema) schema).getSchemaSize();
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufArrayList.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufArrayList.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33e4bd5e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufArrayList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.RandomAccess;
+
+/** Implements {@link ProtobufList} for non-primitive and {@link String} types. */
+final class ProtobufArrayList<E> extends AbstractProtobufList<E> implements RandomAccess {
+
+  private static final ProtobufArrayList<Object> EMPTY_LIST =
+      new ProtobufArrayList<Object>(new Object[0], 0);
+
+  static {
+    EMPTY_LIST.makeImmutable();
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Guaranteed safe by runtime.
+  public static <E> ProtobufArrayList<E> emptyList() {
+    return (ProtobufArrayList<E>) EMPTY_LIST;
+  }
+
+  private E[] array;
+  private int size;
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  ProtobufArrayList() {
+    this((E[]) new Object[DEFAULT_CAPACITY], 0);
+  }
+
+  private ProtobufArrayList(E[] array, int size) {
+    this.array = array;
+    this.size = size;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ProtobufArrayList<E> mutableCopyWithCapacity(int capacity) {
+    if (capacity < size) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+    }
+
+    E[] newArray = Arrays.copyOf(array, capacity);
+
+    return new ProtobufArrayList<E>(newArray, size);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean add(E element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+
+    if (size == array.length) {
+      // Resize to 1.5x the size
+      int length = ((size * 3) / 2) + 1;
+      E[] newArray = Arrays.copyOf(array, length);
+
+      array = newArray;
+    }
+
+    array[size++] = element;
+    modCount++;
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void add(int index, E element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+
+    if (index < 0 || index > size) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(index));
+    }
+
+    if (size < array.length) {
+      // Shift everything over to make room
+      System.arraycopy(array, index, array, index + 1, size - index);
+    } else {
+      // Resize to 1.5x the size
+      int length = ((size * 3) / 2) + 1;
+      E[] newArray = createArray(length);
+
+      // Copy the first part directly
+      System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, index);
+
+      // Copy the rest shifted over by one to make room
+      System.arraycopy(array, index, newArray, index + 1, size - index);
+      array = newArray;
+    }
+
+    array[index] = element;
+    size++;
+    modCount++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public E get(int index) {
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+    return array[index];
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public E remove(int index) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+
+    E value = array[index];
+    if (index < size - 1) {
+      System.arraycopy(array, index + 1, array, index, size - index - 1);
+    }
+
+    size--;
+    modCount++;
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public E set(int index, E element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    ensureIndexInRange(index);
+
+    E toReturn = array[index];
+    array[index] = element;
+
+    modCount++;
+    return toReturn;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int size() {
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static <E> E[] createArray(int capacity) {
+    return (E[]) new Object[capacity];
+  }
+
+  private void ensureIndexInRange(int index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(index));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private String makeOutOfBoundsExceptionMessage(int index) {
+    return "Index:" + index + ", Size:" + size;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufLists.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufLists.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..271c849b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufLists.java
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.BooleanList;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.DoubleList;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.FloatList;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.IntList;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.LongList;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList;
+
+/** Utility class for construction of lists that extend {@link ProtobufList}. */
+@ExperimentalApi
+final class ProtobufLists {
+  private ProtobufLists() {}
+
+  public static <E> ProtobufList<E> emptyProtobufList() {
+    return ProtobufArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  public static <E> ProtobufList<E> mutableCopy(ProtobufList<E> list) {
+    int size = list.size();
+    return list.mutableCopyWithCapacity(
+        size == 0 ? AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY : size * 2);
+  }
+
+  public static BooleanList emptyBooleanList() {
+    return BooleanArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  public static BooleanList newBooleanList() {
+    return new BooleanArrayList();
+  }
+
+  public static IntList emptyIntList() {
+    return IntArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  public static IntList newIntList() {
+    return new IntArrayList();
+  }
+
+  public static LongList emptyLongList() {
+    return LongArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  public static LongList newLongList() {
+    return new LongArrayList();
+  }
+
+  public static FloatList emptyFloatList() {
+    return FloatArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  public static FloatList newFloatList() {
+    return new FloatArrayList();
+  }
+
+  public static DoubleList emptyDoubleList() {
+    return DoubleArrayList.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  public static DoubleList newDoubleList() {
+    return new DoubleArrayList();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtocolMessageEnum.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtocolMessageEnum.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d6f5ac44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtocolMessageEnum.java
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+
+/** Interface of useful methods added to all enums generated by the protocol compiler. */
+public interface ProtocolMessageEnum extends Internal.EnumLite {
+
+  /** Return the value's numeric value as defined in the .proto file. */
+  @Override
+  int getNumber();
+
+  /**
+   * Return the value's descriptor, which contains information such as value name, number, and type.
+   */
+  EnumValueDescriptor getValueDescriptor();
+
+  /**
+   * Return the enum type's descriptor, which contains information about each defined value, etc.
+   */
+  EnumDescriptor getDescriptorForType();
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtocolStringList.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtocolStringList.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5df3dbdbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtocolStringList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * An interface extending {@code List<String>} used for repeated string fields to provide optional
+ * access to the data as a list of ByteStrings. The underlying implementation stores values as
+ * either ByteStrings or Strings (see {@link LazyStringArrayList}) depending on how the value was
+ * initialized or last read, and it is often more efficient to deal with lists of ByteStrings when
+ * handling protos that have been deserialized from bytes.
+ */
+public interface ProtocolStringList extends List<String> {
+
+  /** Returns a view of the data as a list of ByteStrings. */
+  List<ByteString> asByteStringList();
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RawMessageInfo.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RawMessageInfo.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b9a3d2bb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RawMessageInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/**
+ * RawMessageInfo stores the same amount of information as {@link MessageInfo} but in a more compact
+ * format.
+ */
+final class RawMessageInfo implements MessageInfo {
+
+  private final MessageLite defaultInstance;
+
+  /**
+   * The compact format packs everything in a String object and a Object[] array. The String object
+   * is encoded with field number, field type, hasbits offset, oneof index, etc., whereas the
+   * Object[] array contains field references, class references, instance references, etc.
+   *
+   * <p>The String object encodes a sequence of integers into UTF-16 characters. For each int, it
+   * will be encoding into 1 to 3 UTF-16 characters depending on its unsigned value:
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>1 char: [c1: 0x0000 - 0xD7FF] = int of the same value.
+   *   <li>2 chars: [c1: 0xE000 - 0xFFFF], [c2: 0x0000 - 0xD7FF] = (c2 << 13) | (c1 & 0x1FFF)
+   *   <li>3 chars: [c1: 0xE000 - 0xFFFF], [c2: 0xE000 - 0xFFFF], [c3: 0x0000 - 0xD7FF] = (c3 << 26)
+   *       | ((c2 & 0x1FFF) << 13) | (c1 & 0x1FFF)
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * <p>Note that we don't use UTF-16 surrogate pairs [0xD800 - 0xDFFF] because they have to come in
+   * pairs to form a valid UTF-16char sequence and don't help us encode values more efficiently.
+   *
+   * <p>The integer sequence encoded in the String object has the following layout:
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>[0]: flags, flags & 0x1 = is proto2?, flags & 0x2 = is message?.
+   *   <li>[1]: field count, if 0, this is the end of the integer sequence and the corresponding
+   *       Object[] array should be null.
+   *   <li>[2]: oneof count
+   *   <li>[3]: hasbits count, how many hasbits integers are generated.
+   *   <li>[4]: min field number
+   *   <li>[5]: max field number
+   *   <li>[6]: total number of entries need to allocate
+   *   <li>[7]: map field count
+   *   <li>[8]: repeated field count, this doesn't include map fields.
+   *   <li>[9]: size of checkInitialized array
+   *   <li>[...]: field entries
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * <p>Each field entry starts with a field number and the field type:
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>[0]: field number
+   *   <li>[1]: field type with extra bits:
+   *       <ul>
+   *         <li>v & 0xFF = field type as defined in the FieldType class
+   *         <li>v & 0x100 = is required?
+   *         <li>v & 0x200 = is checkUtf8?
+   *         <li>v & 0x400 = needs isInitialized check?
+   *         <li>v & 0x800 = is map field with proto2 enum value?
+   *       </ul>
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * If the file is proto2 and this is a singular field:
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>[2]: hasbits offset
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * If the field is in an oneof:
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>[2]: oenof index
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * For other types, the field entry only has field number and field type.
+   *
+   * <p>The Object[] array has 3 sections:
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>---- oneof section ----
+   *       <ul>
+   *         <li>[0]: value field for oneof 1.
+   *         <li>[1]: case field for oneof 1.
+   *         <li>...
+   *         <li>[.]: value field for oneof n.
+   *         <li>[.]: case field for oneof n.
+   *       </ul>
+   *   <li>---- hasbits section ----
+   *       <ul>
+   *         <li>[.]: hasbits field 1
+   *         <li>[.]: hasbits field 2
+   *         <li>...
+   *         <li>[.]: hasbits field n
+   *       </ul>
+   *   <li>---- field section ----
+   *       <ul>
+   *         <li>[...]: field entries
+   *       </ul>
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * <p>In the Object[] array, field entries are ordered in the same way as field entries in the
+   * String object. The size of each entry is determined by the field type.
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>Oneof field:
+   *       <ul>
+   *         <li>Oneof message field:
+   *             <ul>
+   *               <li>[0]: message class reference.
+   *             </ul>
+   *         <li>Oneof enum fieldin proto2:
+   *             <ul>
+   *               <li>[0]: EnumLiteMap
+   *             </ul>
+   *         <li>For all other oneof fields, field entry in the Object[] array is empty.
+   *       </ul>
+   *   <li>Repeated message field:
+   *       <ul>
+   *         <li>[0]: field reference
+   *         <li>[1]: message class reference
+   *       </ul>
+   *   <li>Proto2 singular/repeated enum field:
+   *       <ul>
+   *         <li>[0]: field reference
+   *         <li>[1]: EnumLiteMap
+   *       </ul>
+   *   <li>Map field with a proto2 enum value:
+   *       <ul>
+   *         <li>[0]: field reference
+   *         <li>[1]: map default entry instance
+   *         <li>[2]: EnumLiteMap
+   *       </ul>
+   *   <li>Map field with other value types:
+   *       <ul>
+   *         <li>[0]: field reference
+   *         <li>[1]: map default entry instance
+   *       </ul>
+   *   <li>All other field type:
+   *       <ul>
+   *         <li>[0]: field reference
+   *       </ul>
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * <p>In order to read the field info from this compact format, a reader needs to progress through
+   * the String object and the Object[] array simultaneously.
+   */
+  private final String info;
+
+  private final Object[] objects;
+  private final int flags;
+
+  RawMessageInfo(MessageLite defaultInstance, String info, Object[] objects) {
+    this.defaultInstance = defaultInstance;
+    this.info = info;
+    this.objects = objects;
+    int position = 0;
+    int value = (int) info.charAt(position++);
+    if (value < 0xD800) {
+      flags = value;
+    } else {
+      int result = value & 0x1FFF;
+      int shift = 13;
+      while ((value = info.charAt(position++)) >= 0xD800) {
+        result |= (value & 0x1FFF) << shift;
+        shift += 13;
+      }
+      flags = result | (value << shift);
+    }
+  }
+
+  String getStringInfo() {
+    return info;
+  }
+
+  Object[] getObjects() {
+    return objects;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageLite getDefaultInstance() {
+    return defaultInstance;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ProtoSyntax getSyntax() {
+    return (flags & 0x1) == 0x1 ? ProtoSyntax.PROTO2 : ProtoSyntax.PROTO3;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isMessageSetWireFormat() {
+    return (flags & 0x2) == 0x2;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Reader.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Reader.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..705096f2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Reader.java
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/** A reader of fields from a serialized protobuf message. */
+// TODO(nathanmittler): Refactor to allow the reader to allocate properly sized lists.
+@ExperimentalApi
+interface Reader {
+  /** Value used to indicate that the end of input has been reached. */
+  int READ_DONE = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+
+  /** Value used to indicate that the reader does not know the tag about the field. */
+  int TAG_UNKNOWN = 0;
+
+  boolean shouldDiscardUnknownFields();
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the field number for the current field being read.
+   *
+   * <p>TODO(liujisi): Rename it to make it more explicit about the side effect on the underlying
+   * buffer.
+   *
+   * @return the current field number or {@link #READ_DONE} if the end of input has been reached.
+   */
+  int getFieldNumber() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the wire tag of the current field.
+   *
+   * @return the current wire tag or {@link #TAG_UNKNOWN} if the reader does not know the tag of the
+   *     current field.
+   */
+  int getTag();
+
+  /**
+   * Skips the current field and advances the reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @return {@code true} if there are more fields or {@code false} if the end of input has been
+   *     reached.
+   */
+  boolean skipField() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code DOUBLE} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  double readDouble() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code FLOAT} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  float readFloat() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code UINT64} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  long readUInt64() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code INT64} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  long readInt64() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code INT32} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  int readInt32() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code FIXED64} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  long readFixed64() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code FIXED32} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  int readFixed32() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code BOOL} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  boolean readBool() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code STRING} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field. If the stream contains malformed UTF-8, replace the offending bytes with the standard
+   * UTF-8 replacement character.
+   */
+  String readString() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code STRING} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field. If the stream contains malformed UTF-8, throw exception {@link
+   * InvalidProtocolBufferException}.
+   */
+  String readStringRequireUtf8() throws IOException;
+
+  // TODO(yilunchong): the lack of other opinions for whether to expose this on the interface
+  <T> T readMessageBySchemaWithCheck(Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code MESSAGE} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  <T> T readMessage(Class<T> clazz, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code GROUP} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   *
+   * @deprecated groups fields are deprecated.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  <T> T readGroup(Class<T> clazz, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException;
+
+  // TODO(yilunchong): the lack of other opinions for whether to expose this on the interface
+  @Deprecated
+  <T> T readGroupBySchemaWithCheck(Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code BYTES} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  ByteString readBytes() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code UINT32} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  int readUInt32() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code ENUM} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  int readEnum() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code SFIXED32} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  int readSFixed32() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code SFIXED64} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  long readSFixed64() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code SINT32} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  int readSInt32() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and returns the next field of type {@code SINT64} and advances the reader to the next
+   * field.
+   */
+  long readSInt64() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code DOUBLE_LIST} or {@code DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED} and advances the
+   * reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readDoubleList(List<Double> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code FLOAT_LIST} or {@code FLOAT_LIST_PACKED} and advances the
+   * reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readFloatList(List<Float> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code UINT64_LIST} or {@code UINT64_LIST_PACKED} and advances the
+   * reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readUInt64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code INT64_LIST} or {@code INT64_LIST_PACKED} and advances the
+   * reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readInt64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code INT32_LIST} or {@code INT32_LIST_PACKED} and advances the
+   * reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readInt32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code FIXED64_LIST} or {@code FIXED64_LIST_PACKED} and advances
+   * the reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readFixed64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code FIXED32_LIST} or {@code FIXED32_LIST_PACKED} and advances
+   * the reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readFixed32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code BOOL_LIST} or {@code BOOL_LIST_PACKED} and advances the
+   * reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readBoolList(List<Boolean> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code STRING_LIST} and advances the reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readStringList(List<String> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code STRING_LIST} and advances the reader to the next field. If
+   * the stream contains malformed UTF-8, throw exception {@link InvalidProtocolBufferException}.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readStringListRequireUtf8(List<String> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code MESSAGE_LIST} and advances the reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   * @param targetType the type of the elements stored in the {@code target} list.
+   */
+  <T> void readMessageList(
+      List<T> target, Schema<T> schema, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException;
+
+  <T> void readMessageList(
+      List<T> target, Class<T> targetType, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code GROUP_LIST} and advances the reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   * @param targetType the type of the elements stored in the {@code target} list.
+   * @deprecated groups fields are deprecated.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  <T> void readGroupList(
+      List<T> target, Class<T> targetType, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  @Deprecated
+  <T> void readGroupList(
+      List<T> target, Schema<T> targetType, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code BYTES_LIST} and advances the reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readBytesList(List<ByteString> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code UINT32_LIST} or {@code UINT32_LIST_PACKED} and advances the
+   * reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readUInt32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code ENUM_LIST} or {@code ENUM_LIST_PACKED} and advances the
+   * reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readEnumList(List<Integer> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code SFIXED32_LIST} or {@code SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED} and advances
+   * the reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readSFixed32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code SFIXED64_LIST} or {@code SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED} and advances
+   * the reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readSFixed64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code SINT32_LIST} or {@code SINT32_LIST_PACKED} and advances the
+   * reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readSInt32List(List<Integer> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code SINT64_LIST} or {@code SINT64_LIST_PACKED} and advances the
+   * reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the list that will receive the read values.
+   */
+  void readSInt64List(List<Long> target) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads the next field of type {@code MAP} and advances the reader to the next field.
+   *
+   * @param target the mutable map that will receive the read values.
+   * @param mapDefaultEntry the default entry of the map field.
+   * @param extensionRegistry the extension registry for parsing message value fields.
+   */
+  <K, V> void readMap(
+      Map<K, V> target,
+      MapEntryLite.Metadata<K, V> mapDefaultEntry,
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilder.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3b09fbac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,667 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import java.util.AbstractList;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * {@code RepeatedFieldBuilder} implements a structure that a protocol message uses to hold a
+ * repeated field of other protocol messages. It supports the classical use case of adding immutable
+ * {@link Message}'s to the repeated field and is highly optimized around this (no extra memory
+ * allocations and sharing of immutable arrays). <br>
+ * It also supports the additional use case of adding a {@link Message.Builder} to the repeated
+ * field and deferring conversion of that {@code Builder} to an immutable {@code Message}. In this
+ * way, it's possible to maintain a tree of {@code Builder}'s that acts as a fully read/write data
+ * structure. <br>
+ * Logically, one can think of a tree of builders as converting the entire tree to messages when
+ * build is called on the root or when any method is called that desires a Message instead of a
+ * Builder. In terms of the implementation, the {@code SingleFieldBuilder} and {@code
+ * RepeatedFieldBuilder} classes cache messages that were created so that messages only need to be
+ * created when some change occurred in its builder or a builder for one of its descendants.
+ *
+ * @param <MType> the type of message for the field
+ * @param <BType> the type of builder for the field
+ * @param <IType> the common interface for the message and the builder
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class RepeatedFieldBuilder<
+        MType extends GeneratedMessage,
+        BType extends GeneratedMessage.Builder,
+        IType extends MessageOrBuilder>
+    implements GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent {
+
+  // Parent to send changes to.
+  private GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent;
+
+  // List of messages. Never null. It may be immutable, in which case
+  // isMessagesListMutable will be false. See note below.
+  private List<MType> messages;
+
+  // Whether messages is an mutable array that can be modified.
+  private boolean isMessagesListMutable;
+
+  // List of builders. May be null, in which case, no nested builders were
+  // created. If not null, entries represent the builder for that index.
+  private List<SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType>> builders;
+
+  // Here are the invariants for messages and builders:
+  // 1. messages is never null and its count corresponds to the number of items
+  //    in the repeated field.
+  // 2. If builders is non-null, messages and builders MUST always
+  //    contain the same number of items.
+  // 3. Entries in either array can be null, but for any index, there MUST be
+  //    either a Message in messages or a builder in builders.
+  // 4. If the builder at an index is non-null, the builder is
+  //    authoritative. This is the case where a Builder was set on the index.
+  //    Any message in the messages array MUST be ignored.
+  // t. If the builder at an index is null, the message in the messages
+  //    list is authoritative. This is the case where a Message (not a Builder)
+  //    was set directly for an index.
+
+  // Indicates that we've built a message and so we are now obligated
+  // to dispatch dirty invalidations. See GeneratedMessage.BuilderListener.
+  private boolean isClean;
+
+  // A view of this builder that exposes a List interface of messages. This is
+  // initialized on demand. This is fully backed by this object and all changes
+  // are reflected in it. Access to any item converts it to a message if it
+  // was a builder.
+  private MessageExternalList<MType, BType, IType> externalMessageList;
+
+  // A view of this builder that exposes a List interface of builders. This is
+  // initialized on demand. This is fully backed by this object and all changes
+  // are reflected in it. Access to any item converts it to a builder if it
+  // was a message.
+  private BuilderExternalList<MType, BType, IType> externalBuilderList;
+
+  // A view of this builder that exposes a List interface of the interface
+  // implemented by messages and builders. This is initialized on demand. This
+  // is fully backed by this object and all changes are reflected in it.
+  // Access to any item returns either a builder or message depending on
+  // what is most efficient.
+  private MessageOrBuilderExternalList<MType, BType, IType> externalMessageOrBuilderList;
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new builder with an empty list of messages.
+   *
+   * @param messages the current list of messages
+   * @param isMessagesListMutable Whether the messages list is mutable
+   * @param parent a listener to notify of changes
+   * @param isClean whether the builder is initially marked clean
+   */
+  public RepeatedFieldBuilder(
+      List<MType> messages,
+      boolean isMessagesListMutable,
+      GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent,
+      boolean isClean) {
+    this.messages = messages;
+    this.isMessagesListMutable = isMessagesListMutable;
+    this.parent = parent;
+    this.isClean = isClean;
+  }
+
+  public void dispose() {
+    // Null out parent so we stop sending it invalidations.
+    parent = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the list of messages is mutable so it can be updated. If it's immutable, a copy is
+   * made.
+   */
+  private void ensureMutableMessageList() {
+    if (!isMessagesListMutable) {
+      messages = new ArrayList<MType>(messages);
+      isMessagesListMutable = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the list of builders is not null. If it's null, the list is created and
+   * initialized to be the same size as the messages list with null entries.
+   */
+  private void ensureBuilders() {
+    if (this.builders == null) {
+      this.builders = new ArrayList<SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType>>(messages.size());
+      for (int i = 0; i < messages.size(); i++) {
+        builders.add(null);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the count of items in the list.
+   *
+   * @return the count of items in the list.
+   */
+  public int getCount() {
+    return messages.size();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets whether the list is empty.
+   *
+   * @return whether the list is empty
+   */
+  public boolean isEmpty() {
+    return messages.isEmpty();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the message at the specified index. If the message is currently stored as a {@code
+   * Builder}, it is converted to a {@code Message} by calling {@link Message.Builder#buildPartial}
+   * on it.
+   *
+   * @param index the index of the message to get
+   * @return the message for the specified index
+   */
+  public MType getMessage(int index) {
+    return getMessage(index, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the message at the specified index. If the message is currently stored as a {@code
+   * Builder}, it is converted to a {@code Message} by calling {@link Message.Builder#buildPartial}
+   * on it.
+   *
+   * @param index the index of the message to get
+   * @param forBuild this is being called for build so we want to make sure we
+   *     SingleFieldBuilder.build to send dirty invalidations
+   * @return the message for the specified index
+   */
+  private MType getMessage(int index, boolean forBuild) {
+    if (this.builders == null) {
+      // We don't have any builders -- return the current Message.
+      // This is the case where no builder was created, so we MUST have a
+      // Message.
+      return messages.get(index);
+    }
+
+    SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> builder = builders.get(index);
+    if (builder == null) {
+      // We don't have a builder -- return the current message.
+      // This is the case where no builder was created for the entry at index,
+      // so we MUST have a message.
+      return messages.get(index);
+
+    } else {
+      return forBuild ? builder.build() : builder.getMessage();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a builder for the specified index. If no builder has been created for that index, a
+   * builder is created on demand by calling {@link Message#toBuilder}.
+   *
+   * @param index the index of the message to get
+   * @return The builder for that index
+   */
+  public BType getBuilder(int index) {
+    ensureBuilders();
+    SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> builder = builders.get(index);
+    if (builder == null) {
+      MType message = messages.get(index);
+      builder = new SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType>(message, this, isClean);
+      builders.set(index, builder);
+    }
+    return builder.getBuilder();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the base class interface for the specified index. This may either be a builder or a
+   * message. It will return whatever is more efficient.
+   *
+   * @param index the index of the message to get
+   * @return the message or builder for the index as the base class interface
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public IType getMessageOrBuilder(int index) {
+    if (this.builders == null) {
+      // We don't have any builders -- return the current Message.
+      // This is the case where no builder was created, so we MUST have a
+      // Message.
+      return (IType) messages.get(index);
+    }
+
+    SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> builder = builders.get(index);
+    if (builder == null) {
+      // We don't have a builder -- return the current message.
+      // This is the case where no builder was created for the entry at index,
+      // so we MUST have a message.
+      return (IType) messages.get(index);
+
+    } else {
+      return builder.getMessageOrBuilder();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets a message at the specified index replacing the existing item at that index.
+   *
+   * @param index the index to set.
+   * @param message the message to set
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public RepeatedFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> setMessage(int index, MType message) {
+    checkNotNull(message);
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+    messages.set(index, message);
+    if (builders != null) {
+      SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> entry = builders.set(index, null);
+      if (entry != null) {
+        entry.dispose();
+      }
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
+   *
+   * @param message the message to add
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public RepeatedFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> addMessage(MType message) {
+    checkNotNull(message);
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+    messages.add(message);
+    if (builders != null) {
+      builders.add(null);
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Inserts the specified message at the specified position in this list. Shifts the element
+   * currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their
+   * indices).
+   *
+   * @param index the index at which to insert the message
+   * @param message the message to add
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public RepeatedFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> addMessage(int index, MType message) {
+    checkNotNull(message);
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+    messages.add(index, message);
+    if (builders != null) {
+      builders.add(index, null);
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Appends all of the messages in the specified collection to the end of this list, in the order
+   * that they are returned by the specified collection's iterator.
+   *
+   * @param values the messages to add
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public RepeatedFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> addAllMessages(
+      Iterable<? extends MType> values) {
+    for (final MType value : values) {
+      checkNotNull(value);
+    }
+
+    // If we can inspect the size, we can more efficiently add messages.
+    int size = -1;
+    if (values instanceof Collection) {
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      final Collection<MType> collection = (Collection<MType>) values;
+      if (collection.size() == 0) {
+        return this;
+      }
+      size = collection.size();
+    }
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+
+    if (size >= 0 && messages instanceof ArrayList) {
+      ((ArrayList<MType>) messages).ensureCapacity(messages.size() + size);
+    }
+
+    for (MType value : values) {
+      addMessage(value);
+    }
+
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Appends a new builder to the end of this list and returns the builder.
+   *
+   * @param message the message to add which is the basis of the builder
+   * @return the new builder
+   */
+  public BType addBuilder(MType message) {
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+    ensureBuilders();
+    SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> builder =
+        new SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType>(message, this, isClean);
+    messages.add(null);
+    builders.add(builder);
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+    return builder.getBuilder();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Inserts a new builder at the specified position in this list. Shifts the element currently at
+   * that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
+   *
+   * @param index the index at which to insert the builder
+   * @param message the message to add which is the basis of the builder
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public BType addBuilder(int index, MType message) {
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+    ensureBuilders();
+    SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> builder =
+        new SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType>(message, this, isClean);
+    messages.add(index, null);
+    builders.add(index, builder);
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+    return builder.getBuilder();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Removes the element at the specified position in this list. Shifts any subsequent elements to
+   * the left (subtracts one from their indices). Returns the element that was removed from the
+   * list.
+   *
+   * @param index the index at which to remove the message
+   */
+  public void remove(int index) {
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+    messages.remove(index);
+    if (builders != null) {
+      SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> entry = builders.remove(index);
+      if (entry != null) {
+        entry.dispose();
+      }
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+  }
+
+  /** Removes all of the elements from this list. The list will be empty after this call returns. */
+  public void clear() {
+    messages = Collections.emptyList();
+    isMessagesListMutable = false;
+    if (builders != null) {
+      for (SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> entry : builders) {
+        if (entry != null) {
+          entry.dispose();
+        }
+      }
+      builders = null;
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builds the list of messages from the builder and returns them.
+   *
+   * @return an immutable list of messages
+   */
+  public List<MType> build() {
+    // Now that build has been called, we are required to dispatch
+    // invalidations.
+    isClean = true;
+
+    if (!isMessagesListMutable && builders == null) {
+      // We still have an immutable list and we never created a builder.
+      return messages;
+    }
+
+    boolean allMessagesInSync = true;
+    if (!isMessagesListMutable) {
+      // We still have an immutable list. Let's see if any of them are out
+      // of sync with their builders.
+      for (int i = 0; i < messages.size(); i++) {
+        Message message = messages.get(i);
+        SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> builder = builders.get(i);
+        if (builder != null) {
+          if (builder.build() != message) {
+            allMessagesInSync = false;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (allMessagesInSync) {
+        // Immutable list is still in sync.
+        return messages;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Need to make sure messages is up to date
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+    for (int i = 0; i < messages.size(); i++) {
+      messages.set(i, getMessage(i, true));
+    }
+
+    // We're going to return our list as immutable so we mark that we can
+    // no longer update it.
+    messages = Collections.unmodifiableList(messages);
+    isMessagesListMutable = false;
+    return messages;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a view of the builder as a list of messages. The returned list is live and will reflect
+   * any changes to the underlying builder.
+   *
+   * @return the messages in the list
+   */
+  public List<MType> getMessageList() {
+    if (externalMessageList == null) {
+      externalMessageList = new MessageExternalList<MType, BType, IType>(this);
+    }
+    return externalMessageList;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a view of the builder as a list of builders. This returned list is live and will reflect
+   * any changes to the underlying builder.
+   *
+   * @return the builders in the list
+   */
+  public List<BType> getBuilderList() {
+    if (externalBuilderList == null) {
+      externalBuilderList = new BuilderExternalList<MType, BType, IType>(this);
+    }
+    return externalBuilderList;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a view of the builder as a list of MessageOrBuilders. This returned list is live and will
+   * reflect any changes to the underlying builder.
+   *
+   * @return the builders in the list
+   */
+  public List<IType> getMessageOrBuilderList() {
+    if (externalMessageOrBuilderList == null) {
+      externalMessageOrBuilderList = new MessageOrBuilderExternalList<MType, BType, IType>(this);
+    }
+    return externalMessageOrBuilderList;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Called when a the builder or one of its nested children has changed and any parent should be
+   * notified of its invalidation.
+   */
+  private void onChanged() {
+    if (isClean && parent != null) {
+      parent.markDirty();
+
+      // Don't keep dispatching invalidations until build is called again.
+      isClean = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void markDirty() {
+    onChanged();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Increments the mod counts so that an ConcurrentModificationException can be thrown if calling
+   * code tries to modify the builder while its iterating the list.
+   */
+  private void incrementModCounts() {
+    if (externalMessageList != null) {
+      externalMessageList.incrementModCount();
+    }
+    if (externalBuilderList != null) {
+      externalBuilderList.incrementModCount();
+    }
+    if (externalMessageOrBuilderList != null) {
+      externalMessageOrBuilderList.incrementModCount();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Provides a live view of the builder as a list of messages.
+   *
+   * @param <MType> the type of message for the field
+   * @param <BType> the type of builder for the field
+   * @param <IType> the common interface for the message and the builder
+   */
+  private static class MessageExternalList<
+          MType extends GeneratedMessage,
+          BType extends GeneratedMessage.Builder,
+          IType extends MessageOrBuilder>
+      extends AbstractList<MType> implements List<MType> {
+
+    RepeatedFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> builder;
+
+    MessageExternalList(RepeatedFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> builder) {
+      this.builder = builder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+      return this.builder.getCount();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MType get(int index) {
+      return builder.getMessage(index);
+    }
+
+    void incrementModCount() {
+      modCount++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Provides a live view of the builder as a list of builders.
+   *
+   * @param <MType> the type of message for the field
+   * @param <BType> the type of builder for the field
+   * @param <IType> the common interface for the message and the builder
+   */
+  private static class BuilderExternalList<
+          MType extends GeneratedMessage,
+          BType extends GeneratedMessage.Builder,
+          IType extends MessageOrBuilder>
+      extends AbstractList<BType> implements List<BType> {
+
+    RepeatedFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> builder;
+
+    BuilderExternalList(RepeatedFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> builder) {
+      this.builder = builder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+      return this.builder.getCount();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BType get(int index) {
+      return builder.getBuilder(index);
+    }
+
+    void incrementModCount() {
+      modCount++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Provides a live view of the builder as a list of builders.
+   *
+   * @param <MType> the type of message for the field
+   * @param <BType> the type of builder for the field
+   * @param <IType> the common interface for the message and the builder
+   */
+  private static class MessageOrBuilderExternalList<
+          MType extends GeneratedMessage,
+          BType extends GeneratedMessage.Builder,
+          IType extends MessageOrBuilder>
+      extends AbstractList<IType> implements List<IType> {
+
+    RepeatedFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> builder;
+
+    MessageOrBuilderExternalList(RepeatedFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> builder) {
+      this.builder = builder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+      return this.builder.getCount();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public IType get(int index) {
+      return builder.getMessageOrBuilder(index);
+    }
+
+    void incrementModCount() {
+      modCount++;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilderV3.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilderV3.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb1667c4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilderV3.java
@@ -0,0 +1,667 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import java.util.AbstractList;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * {@code RepeatedFieldBuilderV3} implements a structure that a protocol message uses to hold a
+ * repeated field of other protocol messages. It supports the classical use case of adding immutable
+ * {@link Message}'s to the repeated field and is highly optimized around this (no extra memory
+ * allocations and sharing of immutable arrays). <br>
+ * It also supports the additional use case of adding a {@link Message.Builder} to the repeated
+ * field and deferring conversion of that {@code Builder} to an immutable {@code Message}. In this
+ * way, it's possible to maintain a tree of {@code Builder}'s that acts as a fully read/write data
+ * structure. <br>
+ * Logically, one can think of a tree of builders as converting the entire tree to messages when
+ * build is called on the root or when any method is called that desires a Message instead of a
+ * Builder. In terms of the implementation, the {@code SingleFieldBuilderV3} and {@code
+ * RepeatedFieldBuilderV3} classes cache messages that were created so that messages only need to be
+ * created when some change occurred in its builder or a builder for one of its descendants.
+ *
+ * @param <MType> the type of message for the field
+ * @param <BType> the type of builder for the field
+ * @param <IType> the common interface for the message and the builder
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<
+        MType extends AbstractMessage,
+        BType extends AbstractMessage.Builder,
+        IType extends MessageOrBuilder>
+    implements AbstractMessage.BuilderParent {
+
+  // Parent to send changes to.
+  private AbstractMessage.BuilderParent parent;
+
+  // List of messages. Never null. It may be immutable, in which case
+  // isMessagesListMutable will be false. See note below.
+  private List<MType> messages;
+
+  // Whether messages is an mutable array that can be modified.
+  private boolean isMessagesListMutable;
+
+  // List of builders. May be null, in which case, no nested builders were
+  // created. If not null, entries represent the builder for that index.
+  private List<SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType>> builders;
+
+  // Here are the invariants for messages and builders:
+  // 1. messages is never null and its count corresponds to the number of items
+  //    in the repeated field.
+  // 2. If builders is non-null, messages and builders MUST always
+  //    contain the same number of items.
+  // 3. Entries in either array can be null, but for any index, there MUST be
+  //    either a Message in messages or a builder in builders.
+  // 4. If the builder at an index is non-null, the builder is
+  //    authoritative. This is the case where a Builder was set on the index.
+  //    Any message in the messages array MUST be ignored.
+  // t. If the builder at an index is null, the message in the messages
+  //    list is authoritative. This is the case where a Message (not a Builder)
+  //    was set directly for an index.
+
+  // Indicates that we've built a message and so we are now obligated
+  // to dispatch dirty invalidations. See AbstractMessage.BuilderListener.
+  private boolean isClean;
+
+  // A view of this builder that exposes a List interface of messages. This is
+  // initialized on demand. This is fully backed by this object and all changes
+  // are reflected in it. Access to any item converts it to a message if it
+  // was a builder.
+  private MessageExternalList<MType, BType, IType> externalMessageList;
+
+  // A view of this builder that exposes a List interface of builders. This is
+  // initialized on demand. This is fully backed by this object and all changes
+  // are reflected in it. Access to any item converts it to a builder if it
+  // was a message.
+  private BuilderExternalList<MType, BType, IType> externalBuilderList;
+
+  // A view of this builder that exposes a List interface of the interface
+  // implemented by messages and builders. This is initialized on demand. This
+  // is fully backed by this object and all changes are reflected in it.
+  // Access to any item returns either a builder or message depending on
+  // what is most efficient.
+  private MessageOrBuilderExternalList<MType, BType, IType> externalMessageOrBuilderList;
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new builder with an empty list of messages.
+   *
+   * @param messages the current list of messages
+   * @param isMessagesListMutable Whether the messages list is mutable
+   * @param parent a listener to notify of changes
+   * @param isClean whether the builder is initially marked clean
+   */
+  public RepeatedFieldBuilderV3(
+      List<MType> messages,
+      boolean isMessagesListMutable,
+      AbstractMessage.BuilderParent parent,
+      boolean isClean) {
+    this.messages = messages;
+    this.isMessagesListMutable = isMessagesListMutable;
+    this.parent = parent;
+    this.isClean = isClean;
+  }
+
+  public void dispose() {
+    // Null out parent so we stop sending it invalidations.
+    parent = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the list of messages is mutable so it can be updated. If it's immutable, a copy is
+   * made.
+   */
+  private void ensureMutableMessageList() {
+    if (!isMessagesListMutable) {
+      messages = new ArrayList<MType>(messages);
+      isMessagesListMutable = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the list of builders is not null. If it's null, the list is created and
+   * initialized to be the same size as the messages list with null entries.
+   */
+  private void ensureBuilders() {
+    if (this.builders == null) {
+      this.builders = new ArrayList<SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType>>(messages.size());
+      for (int i = 0; i < messages.size(); i++) {
+        builders.add(null);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the count of items in the list.
+   *
+   * @return the count of items in the list.
+   */
+  public int getCount() {
+    return messages.size();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets whether the list is empty.
+   *
+   * @return whether the list is empty
+   */
+  public boolean isEmpty() {
+    return messages.isEmpty();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the message at the specified index. If the message is currently stored as a {@code
+   * Builder}, it is converted to a {@code Message} by calling {@link Message.Builder#buildPartial}
+   * on it.
+   *
+   * @param index the index of the message to get
+   * @return the message for the specified index
+   */
+  public MType getMessage(int index) {
+    return getMessage(index, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the message at the specified index. If the message is currently stored as a {@code
+   * Builder}, it is converted to a {@code Message} by calling {@link Message.Builder#buildPartial}
+   * on it.
+   *
+   * @param index the index of the message to get
+   * @param forBuild this is being called for build so we want to make sure we
+   *     SingleFieldBuilderV3.build to send dirty invalidations
+   * @return the message for the specified index
+   */
+  private MType getMessage(int index, boolean forBuild) {
+    if (this.builders == null) {
+      // We don't have any builders -- return the current Message.
+      // This is the case where no builder was created, so we MUST have a
+      // Message.
+      return messages.get(index);
+    }
+
+    SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> builder = builders.get(index);
+    if (builder == null) {
+      // We don't have a builder -- return the current message.
+      // This is the case where no builder was created for the entry at index,
+      // so we MUST have a message.
+      return messages.get(index);
+
+    } else {
+      return forBuild ? builder.build() : builder.getMessage();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a builder for the specified index. If no builder has been created for that index, a
+   * builder is created on demand by calling {@link Message#toBuilder}.
+   *
+   * @param index the index of the message to get
+   * @return The builder for that index
+   */
+  public BType getBuilder(int index) {
+    ensureBuilders();
+    SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> builder = builders.get(index);
+    if (builder == null) {
+      MType message = messages.get(index);
+      builder = new SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType>(message, this, isClean);
+      builders.set(index, builder);
+    }
+    return builder.getBuilder();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the base class interface for the specified index. This may either be a builder or a
+   * message. It will return whatever is more efficient.
+   *
+   * @param index the index of the message to get
+   * @return the message or builder for the index as the base class interface
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public IType getMessageOrBuilder(int index) {
+    if (this.builders == null) {
+      // We don't have any builders -- return the current Message.
+      // This is the case where no builder was created, so we MUST have a
+      // Message.
+      return (IType) messages.get(index);
+    }
+
+    SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> builder = builders.get(index);
+    if (builder == null) {
+      // We don't have a builder -- return the current message.
+      // This is the case where no builder was created for the entry at index,
+      // so we MUST have a message.
+      return (IType) messages.get(index);
+
+    } else {
+      return builder.getMessageOrBuilder();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets a message at the specified index replacing the existing item at that index.
+   *
+   * @param index the index to set.
+   * @param message the message to set
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> setMessage(int index, MType message) {
+    checkNotNull(message);
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+    messages.set(index, message);
+    if (builders != null) {
+      SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> entry = builders.set(index, null);
+      if (entry != null) {
+        entry.dispose();
+      }
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
+   *
+   * @param message the message to add
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> addMessage(MType message) {
+    checkNotNull(message);
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+    messages.add(message);
+    if (builders != null) {
+      builders.add(null);
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Inserts the specified message at the specified position in this list. Shifts the element
+   * currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their
+   * indices).
+   *
+   * @param index the index at which to insert the message
+   * @param message the message to add
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> addMessage(int index, MType message) {
+    checkNotNull(message);
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+    messages.add(index, message);
+    if (builders != null) {
+      builders.add(index, null);
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Appends all of the messages in the specified collection to the end of this list, in the order
+   * that they are returned by the specified collection's iterator.
+   *
+   * @param values the messages to add
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> addAllMessages(
+      Iterable<? extends MType> values) {
+    for (final MType value : values) {
+      checkNotNull(value);
+    }
+
+    // If we can inspect the size, we can more efficiently add messages.
+    int size = -1;
+    if (values instanceof Collection) {
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      final Collection<MType> collection = (Collection<MType>) values;
+      if (collection.size() == 0) {
+        return this;
+      }
+      size = collection.size();
+    }
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+
+    if (size >= 0 && messages instanceof ArrayList) {
+      ((ArrayList<MType>) messages).ensureCapacity(messages.size() + size);
+    }
+
+    for (MType value : values) {
+      addMessage(value);
+    }
+
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Appends a new builder to the end of this list and returns the builder.
+   *
+   * @param message the message to add which is the basis of the builder
+   * @return the new builder
+   */
+  public BType addBuilder(MType message) {
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+    ensureBuilders();
+    SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> builder =
+        new SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType>(message, this, isClean);
+    messages.add(null);
+    builders.add(builder);
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+    return builder.getBuilder();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Inserts a new builder at the specified position in this list. Shifts the element currently at
+   * that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
+   *
+   * @param index the index at which to insert the builder
+   * @param message the message to add which is the basis of the builder
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public BType addBuilder(int index, MType message) {
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+    ensureBuilders();
+    SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> builder =
+        new SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType>(message, this, isClean);
+    messages.add(index, null);
+    builders.add(index, builder);
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+    return builder.getBuilder();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Removes the element at the specified position in this list. Shifts any subsequent elements to
+   * the left (subtracts one from their indices). Returns the element that was removed from the
+   * list.
+   *
+   * @param index the index at which to remove the message
+   */
+  public void remove(int index) {
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+    messages.remove(index);
+    if (builders != null) {
+      SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> entry = builders.remove(index);
+      if (entry != null) {
+        entry.dispose();
+      }
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+  }
+
+  /** Removes all of the elements from this list. The list will be empty after this call returns. */
+  public void clear() {
+    messages = Collections.emptyList();
+    isMessagesListMutable = false;
+    if (builders != null) {
+      for (SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> entry : builders) {
+        if (entry != null) {
+          entry.dispose();
+        }
+      }
+      builders = null;
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    incrementModCounts();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builds the list of messages from the builder and returns them.
+   *
+   * @return an immutable list of messages
+   */
+  public List<MType> build() {
+    // Now that build has been called, we are required to dispatch
+    // invalidations.
+    isClean = true;
+
+    if (!isMessagesListMutable && builders == null) {
+      // We still have an immutable list and we never created a builder.
+      return messages;
+    }
+
+    boolean allMessagesInSync = true;
+    if (!isMessagesListMutable) {
+      // We still have an immutable list. Let's see if any of them are out
+      // of sync with their builders.
+      for (int i = 0; i < messages.size(); i++) {
+        Message message = messages.get(i);
+        SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> builder = builders.get(i);
+        if (builder != null) {
+          if (builder.build() != message) {
+            allMessagesInSync = false;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (allMessagesInSync) {
+        // Immutable list is still in sync.
+        return messages;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Need to make sure messages is up to date
+    ensureMutableMessageList();
+    for (int i = 0; i < messages.size(); i++) {
+      messages.set(i, getMessage(i, true));
+    }
+
+    // We're going to return our list as immutable so we mark that we can
+    // no longer update it.
+    messages = Collections.unmodifiableList(messages);
+    isMessagesListMutable = false;
+    return messages;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a view of the builder as a list of messages. The returned list is live and will reflect
+   * any changes to the underlying builder.
+   *
+   * @return the messages in the list
+   */
+  public List<MType> getMessageList() {
+    if (externalMessageList == null) {
+      externalMessageList = new MessageExternalList<MType, BType, IType>(this);
+    }
+    return externalMessageList;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a view of the builder as a list of builders. This returned list is live and will reflect
+   * any changes to the underlying builder.
+   *
+   * @return the builders in the list
+   */
+  public List<BType> getBuilderList() {
+    if (externalBuilderList == null) {
+      externalBuilderList = new BuilderExternalList<MType, BType, IType>(this);
+    }
+    return externalBuilderList;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a view of the builder as a list of MessageOrBuilders. This returned list is live and will
+   * reflect any changes to the underlying builder.
+   *
+   * @return the builders in the list
+   */
+  public List<IType> getMessageOrBuilderList() {
+    if (externalMessageOrBuilderList == null) {
+      externalMessageOrBuilderList = new MessageOrBuilderExternalList<MType, BType, IType>(this);
+    }
+    return externalMessageOrBuilderList;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Called when a the builder or one of its nested children has changed and any parent should be
+   * notified of its invalidation.
+   */
+  private void onChanged() {
+    if (isClean && parent != null) {
+      parent.markDirty();
+
+      // Don't keep dispatching invalidations until build is called again.
+      isClean = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void markDirty() {
+    onChanged();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Increments the mod counts so that an ConcurrentModificationException can be thrown if calling
+   * code tries to modify the builder while its iterating the list.
+   */
+  private void incrementModCounts() {
+    if (externalMessageList != null) {
+      externalMessageList.incrementModCount();
+    }
+    if (externalBuilderList != null) {
+      externalBuilderList.incrementModCount();
+    }
+    if (externalMessageOrBuilderList != null) {
+      externalMessageOrBuilderList.incrementModCount();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Provides a live view of the builder as a list of messages.
+   *
+   * @param <MType> the type of message for the field
+   * @param <BType> the type of builder for the field
+   * @param <IType> the common interface for the message and the builder
+   */
+  private static class MessageExternalList<
+          MType extends AbstractMessage,
+          BType extends AbstractMessage.Builder,
+          IType extends MessageOrBuilder>
+      extends AbstractList<MType> implements List<MType> {
+
+    RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> builder;
+
+    MessageExternalList(RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> builder) {
+      this.builder = builder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+      return this.builder.getCount();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MType get(int index) {
+      return builder.getMessage(index);
+    }
+
+    void incrementModCount() {
+      modCount++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Provides a live view of the builder as a list of builders.
+   *
+   * @param <MType> the type of message for the field
+   * @param <BType> the type of builder for the field
+   * @param <IType> the common interface for the message and the builder
+   */
+  private static class BuilderExternalList<
+          MType extends AbstractMessage,
+          BType extends AbstractMessage.Builder,
+          IType extends MessageOrBuilder>
+      extends AbstractList<BType> implements List<BType> {
+
+    RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> builder;
+
+    BuilderExternalList(RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> builder) {
+      this.builder = builder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+      return this.builder.getCount();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BType get(int index) {
+      return builder.getBuilder(index);
+    }
+
+    void incrementModCount() {
+      modCount++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Provides a live view of the builder as a list of builders.
+   *
+   * @param <MType> the type of message for the field
+   * @param <BType> the type of builder for the field
+   * @param <IType> the common interface for the message and the builder
+   */
+  private static class MessageOrBuilderExternalList<
+          MType extends AbstractMessage,
+          BType extends AbstractMessage.Builder,
+          IType extends MessageOrBuilder>
+      extends AbstractList<IType> implements List<IType> {
+
+    RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> builder;
+
+    MessageOrBuilderExternalList(RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> builder) {
+      this.builder = builder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+      return this.builder.getCount();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public IType get(int index) {
+      return builder.getMessageOrBuilder(index);
+    }
+
+    void incrementModCount() {
+      modCount++;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteString.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteString.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54d418059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteString.java
@@ -0,0 +1,959 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+/**
+ * Class to represent {@code ByteStrings} formed by concatenation of other ByteStrings, without
+ * copying the data in the pieces. The concatenation is represented as a tree whose leaf nodes are
+ * each a {@link com.google.protobuf.ByteString.LeafByteString}.
+ *
+ * <p>Most of the operation here is inspired by the now-famous paper <a
+ * href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060202015456/http://www.cs.ubc.ca/local/reading/proceedings/spe91-95/spe/vol25/issue12/spe986.pdf">
+ * BAP95 </a> Ropes: an Alternative to Strings hans-j. boehm, russ atkinson and michael plass
+ *
+ * <p>The algorithms described in the paper have been implemented for character strings in {@code
+ * com.google.common.string.Rope} and in the c++ class {@code cord.cc}.
+ *
+ * <p>Fundamentally the Rope algorithm represents the collection of pieces as a binary tree. BAP95
+ * uses a Fibonacci bound relating depth to a minimum sequence length, sequences that are too short
+ * relative to their depth cause a tree rebalance. More precisely, a tree of depth d is "balanced"
+ * in the terminology of BAP95 if its length is at least F(d+2), where F(n) is the n-th Fibonacci
+ * number. Thus for depths 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,... we have minimum lengths 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13,...
+ *
+ * @author carlanton@google.com (Carl Haverl)
+ */
+final class RopeByteString extends ByteString {
+
+  /**
+   * BAP95. Let Fn be the nth Fibonacci number. A {@link RopeByteString} of depth n is "balanced",
+   * i.e flat enough, if its length is at least Fn+2, e.g. a "balanced" {@link RopeByteString} of
+   * depth 1 must have length at least 2, of depth 4 must have length >= 8, etc.
+   *
+   * <p>There's nothing special about using the Fibonacci numbers for this, but they are a
+   * reasonable sequence for encapsulating the idea that we are OK with longer strings being encoded
+   * in deeper binary trees.
+   *
+   * <p>For 32-bit integers, this array has length 46.
+   *
+   * <p>The correctness of this constant array is validated in tests.
+   */
+  static final int[] minLengthByDepth = {
+    1,
+    1,
+    2,
+    3,
+    5,
+    8,
+    13,
+    21,
+    34,
+    55,
+    89,
+    144,
+    233,
+    377,
+    610,
+    987,
+    1597,
+    2584,
+    4181,
+    6765,
+    10946,
+    17711,
+    28657,
+    46368,
+    75025,
+    121393,
+    196418,
+    317811,
+    514229,
+    832040,
+    1346269,
+    2178309,
+    3524578,
+    5702887,
+    9227465,
+    14930352,
+    24157817,
+    39088169,
+    63245986,
+    102334155,
+    165580141,
+    267914296,
+    433494437,
+    701408733,
+    1134903170,
+    1836311903,
+    Integer.MAX_VALUE
+  };
+
+  private final int totalLength;
+  private final ByteString left;
+  private final ByteString right;
+  private final int leftLength;
+  private final int treeDepth;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new RopeByteString, which can be thought of as a new tree node, by recording
+   * references to the two given strings.
+   *
+   * @param left string on the left of this node, should have {@code size() > 0}
+   * @param right string on the right of this node, should have {@code size() > 0}
+   */
+  private RopeByteString(ByteString left, ByteString right) {
+    this.left = left;
+    this.right = right;
+    leftLength = left.size();
+    totalLength = leftLength + right.size();
+    treeDepth = Math.max(left.getTreeDepth(), right.getTreeDepth()) + 1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Concatenate the given strings while performing various optimizations to slow the growth rate of
+   * tree depth and tree node count. The result is either a {@link
+   * com.google.protobuf.ByteString.LeafByteString} or a {@link RopeByteString} depending on which
+   * optimizations, if any, were applied.
+   *
+   * <p>Small pieces of length less than {@link ByteString#CONCATENATE_BY_COPY_SIZE} may be copied
+   * by value here, as in BAP95. Large pieces are referenced without copy.
+   *
+   * @param left string on the left
+   * @param right string on the right
+   * @return concatenation representing the same sequence as the given strings
+   */
+  static ByteString concatenate(ByteString left, ByteString right) {
+    if (right.size() == 0) {
+      return left;
+    }
+
+    if (left.size() == 0) {
+      return right;
+    }
+
+    final int newLength = left.size() + right.size();
+    if (newLength < ByteString.CONCATENATE_BY_COPY_SIZE) {
+      // Optimization from BAP95: For short (leaves in paper, but just short
+      // here) total length, do a copy of data to a new leaf.
+      return concatenateBytes(left, right);
+    }
+
+    if (left instanceof RopeByteString) {
+      final RopeByteString leftRope = (RopeByteString) left;
+      if (leftRope.right.size() + right.size() < CONCATENATE_BY_COPY_SIZE) {
+        // Optimization from BAP95: As an optimization of the case where the
+        // ByteString is constructed by repeated concatenate, recognize the case
+        // where a short string is concatenated to a left-hand node whose
+        // right-hand branch is short.  In the paper this applies to leaves, but
+        // we just look at the length here. This has the advantage of shedding
+        // references to unneeded data when substrings have been taken.
+        //
+        // When we recognize this case, we do a copy of the data and create a
+        // new parent node so that the depth of the result is the same as the
+        // given left tree.
+        ByteString newRight = concatenateBytes(leftRope.right, right);
+        return new RopeByteString(leftRope.left, newRight);
+      }
+
+      if (leftRope.left.getTreeDepth() > leftRope.right.getTreeDepth()
+          && leftRope.getTreeDepth() > right.getTreeDepth()) {
+        // Typically for concatenate-built strings the left-side is deeper than
+        // the right.  This is our final attempt to concatenate without
+        // increasing the tree depth.  We'll redo the node on the RHS.  This
+        // is yet another optimization for building the string by repeatedly
+        // concatenating on the right.
+        ByteString newRight = new RopeByteString(leftRope.right, right);
+        return new RopeByteString(leftRope.left, newRight);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Fine, we'll add a node and increase the tree depth--unless we rebalance ;^)
+    int newDepth = Math.max(left.getTreeDepth(), right.getTreeDepth()) + 1;
+    if (newLength >= minLength(newDepth)) {
+      // The tree is shallow enough, so don't rebalance
+      return new RopeByteString(left, right);
+    }
+
+    return new Balancer().balance(left, right);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Concatenates two strings by copying data values. This is called in a few cases in order to
+   * reduce the growth of the number of tree nodes.
+   *
+   * @param left string on the left
+   * @param right string on the right
+   * @return string formed by copying data bytes
+   */
+  private static ByteString concatenateBytes(ByteString left, ByteString right) {
+    int leftSize = left.size();
+    int rightSize = right.size();
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[leftSize + rightSize];
+    left.copyTo(bytes, 0, 0, leftSize);
+    right.copyTo(bytes, 0, leftSize, rightSize);
+    return ByteString.wrap(bytes); // Constructor wraps bytes
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new RopeByteString for testing only while bypassing all the defenses of {@link
+   * #concatenate(ByteString, ByteString)}. This allows testing trees of specific structure. We are
+   * also able to insert empty leaves, though these are dis-allowed, so that we can make sure the
+   * implementation can withstand their presence.
+   *
+   * @param left string on the left of this node
+   * @param right string on the right of this node
+   * @return an unsafe instance for testing only
+   */
+  static RopeByteString newInstanceForTest(ByteString left, ByteString right) {
+    return new RopeByteString(left, right);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the minimum length for which a tree of the given depth is considered balanced according
+   * to BAP95, which means the tree is flat-enough with respect to the bounds. Defaults to {@code
+   * Integer.MAX_VALUE} if {@code depth >= minLengthByDepth.length} in order to avoid an {@code
+   * ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException}.
+   *
+   * @param depth tree depth
+   * @return minimum balanced length
+   */
+  static int minLength(int depth) {
+    if (depth >= minLengthByDepth.length) {
+      return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+    }
+    return minLengthByDepth[depth];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the byte at the given index. Throws {@link ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException} for
+   * backwards-compatibility reasons although it would more properly be {@link
+   * IndexOutOfBoundsException}.
+   *
+   * @param index index of byte
+   * @return the value
+   * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException {@code index} is < 0 or >= size
+   */
+  @Override
+  public byte byteAt(int index) {
+    checkIndex(index, totalLength);
+    return internalByteAt(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  byte internalByteAt(int index) {
+    // Find the relevant piece by recursive descent
+    if (index < leftLength) {
+      return left.internalByteAt(index);
+    }
+
+    return right.internalByteAt(index - leftLength);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int size() {
+    return totalLength;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ByteIterator iterator() {
+    return new AbstractByteIterator() {
+      final PieceIterator pieces = new PieceIterator(RopeByteString.this);
+      ByteIterator current = nextPiece();
+
+      private ByteIterator nextPiece() {
+        // NOTE: PieceIterator is guaranteed to return non-empty pieces, so this method will always
+        // return non-empty iterators (or null)
+        return pieces.hasNext() ? pieces.next().iterator() : null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean hasNext() {
+        return current != null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public byte nextByte() {
+        if (current == null) {
+          throw new NoSuchElementException();
+        }
+        byte b = current.nextByte();
+        if (!current.hasNext()) {
+          current = nextPiece();
+        }
+        return b;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Pieces
+
+  @Override
+  protected int getTreeDepth() {
+    return treeDepth;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if the tree is balanced according to BAP95, which means the tree is flat-enough with
+   * respect to the bounds. Note that this definition of balanced is one where sub-trees of balanced
+   * trees are not necessarily balanced.
+   *
+   * @return true if the tree is balanced
+   */
+  @Override
+  protected boolean isBalanced() {
+    return totalLength >= minLength(treeDepth);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Takes a substring of this one. This involves recursive descent along the left and right edges
+   * of the substring, and referencing any wholly contained segments in between. Any leaf nodes
+   * entirely uninvolved in the substring will not be referenced by the substring.
+   *
+   * <p>Substrings of {@code length < 2} should result in at most a single recursive call chain,
+   * terminating at a leaf node. Thus the result will be a {@link
+   * com.google.protobuf.ByteString.LeafByteString}.
+   *
+   * @param beginIndex start at this index
+   * @param endIndex the last character is the one before this index
+   * @return substring leaf node or tree
+   */
+  @Override
+  public ByteString substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
+    final int length = checkRange(beginIndex, endIndex, totalLength);
+
+    if (length == 0) {
+      // Empty substring
+      return ByteString.EMPTY;
+    }
+
+    if (length == totalLength) {
+      // The whole string
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // Proper substring
+    if (endIndex <= leftLength) {
+      // Substring on the left
+      return left.substring(beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    if (beginIndex >= leftLength) {
+      // Substring on the right
+      return right.substring(beginIndex - leftLength, endIndex - leftLength);
+    }
+
+    // Split substring
+    ByteString leftSub = left.substring(beginIndex);
+    ByteString rightSub = right.substring(0, endIndex - leftLength);
+    // Intentionally not rebalancing, since in many cases these two
+    // substrings will already be less deep than the top-level
+    // RopeByteString we're taking a substring of.
+    return new RopeByteString(leftSub, rightSub);
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // ByteString -> byte[]
+
+  @Override
+  protected void copyToInternal(
+      byte[] target, int sourceOffset, int targetOffset, int numberToCopy) {
+    if (sourceOffset + numberToCopy <= leftLength) {
+      left.copyToInternal(target, sourceOffset, targetOffset, numberToCopy);
+    } else if (sourceOffset >= leftLength) {
+      right.copyToInternal(target, sourceOffset - leftLength, targetOffset, numberToCopy);
+    } else {
+      int leftLength = this.leftLength - sourceOffset;
+      left.copyToInternal(target, sourceOffset, targetOffset, leftLength);
+      right.copyToInternal(target, 0, targetOffset + leftLength, numberToCopy - leftLength);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void copyTo(ByteBuffer target) {
+    left.copyTo(target);
+    right.copyTo(target);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ByteBuffer asReadOnlyByteBuffer() {
+    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(toByteArray());
+    return byteBuffer.asReadOnlyBuffer();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<ByteBuffer> asReadOnlyByteBufferList() {
+    // Walk through the list of LeafByteString's that make up this
+    // rope, and add each one as a read-only ByteBuffer.
+    List<ByteBuffer> result = new ArrayList<ByteBuffer>();
+    PieceIterator pieces = new PieceIterator(this);
+    while (pieces.hasNext()) {
+      LeafByteString byteString = pieces.next();
+      result.add(byteString.asReadOnlyByteBuffer());
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeTo(OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException {
+    left.writeTo(outputStream);
+    right.writeTo(outputStream);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void writeToInternal(OutputStream out, int sourceOffset, int numberToWrite) throws IOException {
+    if (sourceOffset + numberToWrite <= leftLength) {
+      left.writeToInternal(out, sourceOffset, numberToWrite);
+    } else if (sourceOffset >= leftLength) {
+      right.writeToInternal(out, sourceOffset - leftLength, numberToWrite);
+    } else {
+      int numberToWriteInLeft = leftLength - sourceOffset;
+      left.writeToInternal(out, sourceOffset, numberToWriteInLeft);
+      right.writeToInternal(out, 0, numberToWrite - numberToWriteInLeft);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void writeTo(ByteOutput output) throws IOException {
+    left.writeTo(output);
+    right.writeTo(output);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void writeToReverse(ByteOutput output) throws IOException {
+    right.writeToReverse(output);
+    left.writeToReverse(output);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected String toStringInternal(Charset charset) {
+    return new String(toByteArray(), charset);
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // UTF-8 decoding
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isValidUtf8() {
+    int leftPartial = left.partialIsValidUtf8(Utf8.COMPLETE, 0, leftLength);
+    int state = right.partialIsValidUtf8(leftPartial, 0, right.size());
+    return state == Utf8.COMPLETE;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected int partialIsValidUtf8(int state, int offset, int length) {
+    int toIndex = offset + length;
+    if (toIndex <= leftLength) {
+      return left.partialIsValidUtf8(state, offset, length);
+    } else if (offset >= leftLength) {
+      return right.partialIsValidUtf8(state, offset - leftLength, length);
+    } else {
+      int leftLength = this.leftLength - offset;
+      int leftPartial = left.partialIsValidUtf8(state, offset, leftLength);
+      return right.partialIsValidUtf8(leftPartial, 0, length - leftLength);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // equals() and hashCode()
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object other) {
+    if (other == this) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!(other instanceof ByteString)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    ByteString otherByteString = (ByteString) other;
+    if (totalLength != otherByteString.size()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (totalLength == 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // You don't really want to be calling equals on long strings, but since
+    // we cache the hashCode, we effectively cache inequality. We use the cached
+    // hashCode if it's already computed.  It's arguable we should compute the
+    // hashCode here, and if we're going to be testing a bunch of byteStrings,
+    // it might even make sense.
+    int thisHash = peekCachedHashCode();
+    int thatHash = otherByteString.peekCachedHashCode();
+    if (thisHash != 0 && thatHash != 0 && thisHash != thatHash) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return equalsFragments(otherByteString);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if this string is equal to another of the same length by iterating over the leaf
+   * nodes. On each step of the iteration, the overlapping segments of the leaves are compared.
+   *
+   * @param other string of the same length as this one
+   * @return true if the values of this string equals the value of the given one
+   */
+  private boolean equalsFragments(ByteString other) {
+    int thisOffset = 0;
+    Iterator<LeafByteString> thisIter = new PieceIterator(this);
+    LeafByteString thisString = thisIter.next();
+
+    int thatOffset = 0;
+    Iterator<LeafByteString> thatIter = new PieceIterator(other);
+    LeafByteString thatString = thatIter.next();
+
+    int pos = 0;
+    while (true) {
+      int thisRemaining = thisString.size() - thisOffset;
+      int thatRemaining = thatString.size() - thatOffset;
+      int bytesToCompare = Math.min(thisRemaining, thatRemaining);
+
+      // At least one of the offsets will be zero
+      boolean stillEqual =
+          (thisOffset == 0)
+              ? thisString.equalsRange(thatString, thatOffset, bytesToCompare)
+              : thatString.equalsRange(thisString, thisOffset, bytesToCompare);
+      if (!stillEqual) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      pos += bytesToCompare;
+      if (pos >= totalLength) {
+        if (pos == totalLength) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        throw new IllegalStateException();
+      }
+      // We always get to the end of at least one of the pieces
+      if (bytesToCompare == thisRemaining) { // If reached end of this
+        thisOffset = 0;
+        thisString = thisIter.next();
+      } else {
+        thisOffset += bytesToCompare;
+      }
+      if (bytesToCompare == thatRemaining) { // If reached end of that
+        thatOffset = 0;
+        thatString = thatIter.next();
+      } else {
+        thatOffset += bytesToCompare;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected int partialHash(int h, int offset, int length) {
+    int toIndex = offset + length;
+    if (toIndex <= leftLength) {
+      return left.partialHash(h, offset, length);
+    } else if (offset >= leftLength) {
+      return right.partialHash(h, offset - leftLength, length);
+    } else {
+      int leftLength = this.leftLength - offset;
+      int leftPartial = left.partialHash(h, offset, leftLength);
+      return right.partialHash(leftPartial, 0, length - leftLength);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Input stream
+
+  @Override
+  public CodedInputStream newCodedInput() {
+    return CodedInputStream.newInstance(new RopeInputStream());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public InputStream newInput() {
+    return new RopeInputStream();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This class implements the balancing algorithm of BAP95. In the paper the authors use an array
+   * to keep track of pieces, while here we use a stack. The tree is balanced by traversing subtrees
+   * in left to right order, and the stack always contains the part of the string we've traversed so
+   * far.
+   *
+   * <p>One surprising aspect of the algorithm is the result of balancing is not necessarily
+   * balanced, though it is nearly balanced. For details, see BAP95.
+   */
+  private static class Balancer {
+    // Stack containing the part of the string, starting from the left, that
+    // we've already traversed.  The final string should be the equivalent of
+    // concatenating the strings on the stack from bottom to top.
+    private final ArrayDeque<ByteString> prefixesStack = new ArrayDeque<>();
+
+    private ByteString balance(ByteString left, ByteString right) {
+      doBalance(left);
+      doBalance(right);
+
+      // Sweep stack to gather the result
+      ByteString partialString = prefixesStack.pop();
+      while (!prefixesStack.isEmpty()) {
+        ByteString newLeft = prefixesStack.pop();
+        partialString = new RopeByteString(newLeft, partialString);
+      }
+      // We should end up with a RopeByteString since at a minimum we will
+      // create one from concatenating left and right
+      return partialString;
+    }
+
+    private void doBalance(ByteString root) {
+      // BAP95: Insert balanced subtrees whole. This means the result might not
+      // be balanced, leading to repeated rebalancings on concatenate. However,
+      // these rebalancings are shallow due to ignoring balanced subtrees, and
+      // relatively few calls to insert() result.
+      if (root.isBalanced()) {
+        insert(root);
+      } else if (root instanceof RopeByteString) {
+        RopeByteString rbs = (RopeByteString) root;
+        doBalance(rbs.left);
+        doBalance(rbs.right);
+      } else {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Has a new type of ByteString been created? Found " + root.getClass());
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Push a string on the balance stack (BAP95). BAP95 uses an array and calls the elements in the
+     * array 'bins'. We instead use a stack, so the 'bins' of lengths are represented by differences
+     * between the elements of minLengthByDepth.
+     *
+     * <p>If the length bin for our string, and all shorter length bins, are empty, we just push it
+     * on the stack. Otherwise, we need to start concatenating, putting the given string in the
+     * "middle" and continuing until we land in an empty length bin that matches the length of our
+     * concatenation.
+     *
+     * @param byteString string to place on the balance stack
+     */
+    private void insert(ByteString byteString) {
+      int depthBin = getDepthBinForLength(byteString.size());
+      int binEnd = minLength(depthBin + 1);
+
+      // BAP95: Concatenate all trees occupying bins representing the length of
+      // our new piece or of shorter pieces, to the extent that is possible.
+      // The goal is to clear the bin which our piece belongs in, but that may
+      // not be entirely possible if there aren't enough longer bins occupied.
+      if (prefixesStack.isEmpty() || prefixesStack.peek().size() >= binEnd) {
+        prefixesStack.push(byteString);
+      } else {
+        int binStart = minLength(depthBin);
+
+        // Concatenate the subtrees of shorter length
+        ByteString newTree = prefixesStack.pop();
+        while (!prefixesStack.isEmpty() && prefixesStack.peek().size() < binStart) {
+          ByteString left = prefixesStack.pop();
+          newTree = new RopeByteString(left, newTree);
+        }
+
+        // Concatenate the given string
+        newTree = new RopeByteString(newTree, byteString);
+
+        // Continue concatenating until we land in an empty bin
+        while (!prefixesStack.isEmpty()) {
+          depthBin = getDepthBinForLength(newTree.size());
+          binEnd = minLength(depthBin + 1);
+          if (prefixesStack.peek().size() < binEnd) {
+            ByteString left = prefixesStack.pop();
+            newTree = new RopeByteString(left, newTree);
+          } else {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        prefixesStack.push(newTree);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private int getDepthBinForLength(int length) {
+      int depth = Arrays.binarySearch(minLengthByDepth, length);
+      if (depth < 0) {
+        // It wasn't an exact match, so convert to the index of the containing
+        // fragment, which is one less even than the insertion point.
+        int insertionPoint = -(depth + 1);
+        depth = insertionPoint - 1;
+      }
+
+      return depth;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This class is a continuable tree traversal, which keeps the state information which would exist
+   * on the stack in a recursive traversal instead on a stack of "Bread Crumbs". The maximum depth
+   * of the stack in this iterator is the same as the depth of the tree being traversed.
+   *
+   * <p>This iterator is used to implement {@link RopeByteString#equalsFragments(ByteString)}.
+   */
+  private static final class PieceIterator implements Iterator<LeafByteString> {
+    private final ArrayDeque<RopeByteString> breadCrumbs;
+    private LeafByteString next;
+
+    private PieceIterator(ByteString root) {
+      if (root instanceof RopeByteString) {
+        RopeByteString rbs = (RopeByteString) root;
+        breadCrumbs = new ArrayDeque<>(rbs.getTreeDepth());
+        breadCrumbs.push(rbs);
+        next = getLeafByLeft(rbs.left);
+      } else {
+        breadCrumbs = null;
+        next = (LeafByteString) root;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private LeafByteString getLeafByLeft(ByteString root) {
+      ByteString pos = root;
+      while (pos instanceof RopeByteString) {
+        RopeByteString rbs = (RopeByteString) pos;
+        breadCrumbs.push(rbs);
+        pos = rbs.left;
+      }
+      return (LeafByteString) pos;
+    }
+
+    private LeafByteString getNextNonEmptyLeaf() {
+      while (true) {
+        // Almost always, we go through this loop exactly once.  However, if
+        // we discover an empty string in the rope, we toss it and try again.
+        if (breadCrumbs == null || breadCrumbs.isEmpty()) {
+          return null;
+        } else {
+          LeafByteString result = getLeafByLeft(breadCrumbs.pop().right);
+          if (!result.isEmpty()) {
+            return result;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasNext() {
+      return next != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the next item and advances one {@link com.google.protobuf.ByteString.LeafByteString}.
+     *
+     * @return next non-empty LeafByteString or {@code null}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public LeafByteString next() {
+      if (next == null) {
+        throw new NoSuchElementException();
+      }
+      LeafByteString result = next;
+      next = getNextNonEmptyLeaf();
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void remove() {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Serializable
+
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  Object writeReplace() {
+    return ByteString.wrap(toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  private void readObject(@SuppressWarnings("unused") ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException {
+    throw new InvalidObjectException("RopeByteStream instances are not to be serialized directly");
+  }
+
+  /** This class is the {@link RopeByteString} equivalent for {@link ByteArrayInputStream}. */
+  private class RopeInputStream extends InputStream {
+    // Iterates through the pieces of the rope
+    private PieceIterator pieceIterator;
+    // The current piece
+    private LeafByteString currentPiece;
+    // The size of the current piece
+    private int currentPieceSize;
+    // The index of the next byte to read in the current piece
+    private int currentPieceIndex;
+    // The offset of the start of the current piece in the rope byte string
+    private int currentPieceOffsetInRope;
+    // Offset in the buffer at which user called mark();
+    private int mark;
+
+    public RopeInputStream() {
+      initialize();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads up to {@code len} bytes of data into array {@code b}.
+     *
+     * <p>Note that {@link InputStream#read(byte[], int, int)} and {@link
+     * ByteArrayInputStream#read(byte[], int, int)} behave inconsistently when reading 0 bytes at
+     * EOF; the interface defines the return value to be 0 and the latter returns -1. We use the
+     * latter behavior so that all ByteString streams are consistent.
+     *
+     * @return -1 if at EOF, otherwise the actual number of bytes read.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int read(byte[] b, int offset, int length) {
+      if (b == null) {
+        throw new NullPointerException();
+      } else if (offset < 0 || length < 0 || length > b.length - offset) {
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+      }
+      int bytesRead = readSkipInternal(b, offset, length);
+      if (bytesRead == 0) {
+        return -1;
+      } else {
+        return bytesRead;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long skip(long length) {
+      if (length < 0) {
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+      } else if (length > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+        length = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+      }
+      return readSkipInternal(null, 0, (int) length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Internal implementation of read and skip. If b != null, then read the next {@code length}
+     * bytes into the buffer {@code b} at offset {@code offset}. If b == null, then skip the next
+     * {@code length} bytes.
+     *
+     * <p>This method assumes that all error checking has already happened.
+     *
+     * <p>Returns the actual number of bytes read or skipped.
+     */
+    private int readSkipInternal(byte[] b, int offset, int length) {
+      int bytesRemaining = length;
+      while (bytesRemaining > 0) {
+        advanceIfCurrentPieceFullyRead();
+        if (currentPiece == null) {
+          break;
+        } else {
+          // Copy the bytes from this piece.
+          int currentPieceRemaining = currentPieceSize - currentPieceIndex;
+          int count = Math.min(currentPieceRemaining, bytesRemaining);
+          if (b != null) {
+            currentPiece.copyTo(b, currentPieceIndex, offset, count);
+            offset += count;
+          }
+          currentPieceIndex += count;
+          bytesRemaining -= count;
+        }
+      }
+      // Return the number of bytes read.
+      return length - bytesRemaining;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read() throws IOException {
+      advanceIfCurrentPieceFullyRead();
+      if (currentPiece == null) {
+        return -1;
+      } else {
+        return currentPiece.byteAt(currentPieceIndex++) & 0xFF;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int available() throws IOException {
+      int bytesRead = currentPieceOffsetInRope + currentPieceIndex;
+      return RopeByteString.this.size() - bytesRead;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean markSupported() {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void mark(int readAheadLimit) {
+      // Set the mark to our position in the byte string
+      mark = currentPieceOffsetInRope + currentPieceIndex;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void reset() {
+      // Just reinitialize and skip the specified number of bytes.
+      initialize();
+      readSkipInternal(null, 0, mark);
+    }
+
+    /** Common initialization code used by both the constructor and reset() */
+    private void initialize() {
+      pieceIterator = new PieceIterator(RopeByteString.this);
+      currentPiece = pieceIterator.next();
+      currentPieceSize = currentPiece.size();
+      currentPieceIndex = 0;
+      currentPieceOffsetInRope = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Skips to the next piece if we have read all the data in the current piece. Sets currentPiece
+     * to null if we have reached the end of the input.
+     */
+    private void advanceIfCurrentPieceFullyRead() {
+      if (currentPiece != null && currentPieceIndex == currentPieceSize) {
+        // Generally, we can only go through this loop at most once, since
+        // empty strings can't end up in a rope.  But better to test.
+        currentPieceOffsetInRope += currentPieceSize;
+        currentPieceIndex = 0;
+        if (pieceIterator.hasNext()) {
+          currentPiece = pieceIterator.next();
+          currentPieceSize = currentPiece.size();
+        } else {
+          currentPiece = null;
+          currentPieceSize = 0;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcCallback.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcCallback.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51a34b63d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcCallback.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/**
+ * Interface for an RPC callback, normally called when an RPC completes. {@code ParameterType} is
+ * normally the method's response message type.
+ *
+ * <p>Starting with version 2.3.0, RPC implementations should not try to build on this, but should
+ * instead provide code generator plugins which generate code specific to the particular RPC
+ * implementation. This way the generated code can be more appropriate for the implementation in use
+ * and can avoid unnecessary layers of indirection.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public interface RpcCallback<ParameterType> {
+  void run(ParameterType parameter);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcChannel.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcChannel.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13b5ec165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcChannel.java
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract interface for an RPC channel. An {@code RpcChannel} represents a communication line to a
+ * {@link Service} which can be used to call that {@link Service}'s methods. The {@link Service} may
+ * be running on another machine. Normally, you should not call an {@code RpcChannel} directly, but
+ * instead construct a stub {@link Service} wrapping it. Example:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   RpcChannel channel = rpcImpl.newChannel("remotehost.example.com:1234");
+ *   RpcController controller = rpcImpl.newController();
+ *   MyService service = MyService.newStub(channel);
+ *   service.myMethod(controller, request, callback);
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>Starting with version 2.3.0, RPC implementations should not try to build on this, but should
+ * instead provide code generator plugins which generate code specific to the particular RPC
+ * implementation. This way the generated code can be more appropriate for the implementation in use
+ * and can avoid unnecessary layers of indirection.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public interface RpcChannel {
+  /**
+   * Call the given method of the remote service. This method is similar to {@code
+   * Service.callMethod()} with one important difference: the caller decides the types of the {@code
+   * Message} objects, not the callee. The request may be of any type as long as {@code
+   * request.getDescriptor() == method.getInputType()}. The response passed to the callback will be
+   * of the same type as {@code responsePrototype} (which must have {@code getDescriptor() ==
+   * method.getOutputType()}).
+   */
+  void callMethod(
+      Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method,
+      RpcController controller,
+      Message request,
+      Message responsePrototype,
+      RpcCallback<Message> done);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcController.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcController.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..073f27a2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcController.java
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/**
+ * An {@code RpcController} mediates a single method call. The primary purpose of the controller is
+ * to provide a way to manipulate settings specific to the RPC implementation and to find out about
+ * RPC-level errors.
+ *
+ * <p>Starting with version 2.3.0, RPC implementations should not try to build on this, but should
+ * instead provide code generator plugins which generate code specific to the particular RPC
+ * implementation. This way the generated code can be more appropriate for the implementation in use
+ * and can avoid unnecessary layers of indirection.
+ *
+ * <p>The methods provided by the {@code RpcController} interface are intended to be a "least common
+ * denominator" set of features which we expect all implementations to support. Specific
+ * implementations may provide more advanced features (e.g. deadline propagation).
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public interface RpcController {
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // These calls may be made from the client side only.  Their results
+  // are undefined on the server side (may throw RuntimeExceptions).
+
+  /**
+   * Resets the RpcController to its initial state so that it may be reused in a new call. This can
+   * be called from the client side only. It must not be called while an RPC is in progress.
+   */
+  void reset();
+
+  /**
+   * After a call has finished, returns true if the call failed. The possible reasons for failure
+   * depend on the RPC implementation. {@code failed()} most only be called on the client side, and
+   * must not be called before a call has finished.
+   */
+  boolean failed();
+
+  /** If {@code failed()} is {@code true}, returns a human-readable description of the error. */
+  String errorText();
+
+  /**
+   * Advises the RPC system that the caller desires that the RPC call be canceled. The RPC system
+   * may cancel it immediately, may wait awhile and then cancel it, or may not even cancel the call
+   * at all. If the call is canceled, the "done" callback will still be called and the RpcController
+   * will indicate that the call failed at that time.
+   */
+  void startCancel();
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // These calls may be made from the server side only.  Their results
+  // are undefined on the client side (may throw RuntimeExceptions).
+
+  /**
+   * Causes {@code failed()} to return true on the client side. {@code reason} will be incorporated
+   * into the message returned by {@code errorText()}. If you find you need to return
+   * machine-readable information about failures, you should incorporate it into your response
+   * protocol buffer and should NOT call {@code setFailed()}.
+   */
+  void setFailed(String reason);
+
+  /**
+   * If {@code true}, indicates that the client canceled the RPC, so the server may as well give up
+   * on replying to it. This method must be called on the server side only. The server should still
+   * call the final "done" callback.
+   */
+  boolean isCanceled();
+
+  /**
+   * Asks that the given callback be called when the RPC is canceled. The parameter passed to the
+   * callback will always be {@code null}. The callback will always be called exactly once. If the
+   * RPC completes without being canceled, the callback will be called after completion. If the RPC
+   * has already been canceled when NotifyOnCancel() is called, the callback will be called
+   * immediately.
+   *
+   * <p>{@code notifyOnCancel()} must be called no more than once per request. It must be called on
+   * the server side only.
+   */
+  void notifyOnCancel(RpcCallback<Object> callback);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcUtil.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7bd056a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RpcUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/**
+ * Grab-bag of utility functions useful when dealing with RPCs.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public final class RpcUtil {
+  private RpcUtil() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Take an {@code RpcCallback<Message>} and convert it to an {@code RpcCallback} accepting a
+   * specific message type. This is always type-safe (parameter type contravariance).
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public static <Type extends Message> RpcCallback<Type> specializeCallback(
+      final RpcCallback<Message> originalCallback) {
+    return (RpcCallback<Type>) originalCallback;
+    // The above cast works, but only due to technical details of the Java
+    // implementation.  A more theoretically correct -- but less efficient --
+    // implementation would be as follows:
+    //   return new RpcCallback<Type>() {
+    //     public void run(Type parameter) {
+    //       originalCallback.run(parameter);
+    //     }
+    //   };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Take an {@code RpcCallback} accepting a specific message type and convert it to an {@code
+   * RpcCallback<Message>}. The generalized callback will accept any message object which has the
+   * same descriptor, and will convert it to the correct class before calling the original callback.
+   * However, if the generalized callback is given a message with a different descriptor, an
+   * exception will be thrown.
+   */
+  public static <Type extends Message> RpcCallback<Message> generalizeCallback(
+      final RpcCallback<Type> originalCallback,
+      final Class<Type> originalClass,
+      final Type defaultInstance) {
+    return new RpcCallback<Message>() {
+      @Override
+      public void run(final Message parameter) {
+        Type typedParameter;
+        try {
+          typedParameter = originalClass.cast(parameter);
+        } catch (ClassCastException ignored) {
+          typedParameter = copyAsType(defaultInstance, parameter);
+        }
+        originalCallback.run(typedParameter);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new message of type "Type" which is a copy of "source". "source" must have the same
+   * descriptor but may be a different class (e.g. DynamicMessage).
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static <Type extends Message> Type copyAsType(
+      final Type typeDefaultInstance, final Message source) {
+    return (Type) typeDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(source).build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a callback which can only be called once. This may be useful for security, when passing
+   * a callback to untrusted code: most callbacks do not expect to be called more than once, so
+   * doing so may expose bugs if it is not prevented.
+   */
+  public static <ParameterType> RpcCallback<ParameterType> newOneTimeCallback(
+      final RpcCallback<ParameterType> originalCallback) {
+    return new RpcCallback<ParameterType>() {
+      private boolean alreadyCalled = false;
+
+      @Override
+      public void run(final ParameterType parameter) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+          if (alreadyCalled) {
+            throw new AlreadyCalledException();
+          }
+          alreadyCalled = true;
+        }
+
+        originalCallback.run(parameter);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** Exception thrown when a one-time callback is called more than once. */
+  public static final class AlreadyCalledException extends RuntimeException {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5469741279507848266L;
+
+    public AlreadyCalledException() {
+      super("This RpcCallback was already called and cannot be called multiple times.");
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Schema.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Schema.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d0e1e26e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Schema.java
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.Registers;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * A runtime schema for a single protobuf message. A schema provides operations on message instances
+ * such as serialization/deserialization.
+ */
+@ExperimentalApi
+interface Schema<T> {
+  /** Writes the given message to the target {@link Writer}. */
+  void writeTo(T message, Writer writer) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads fields from the given {@link Reader} and merges them into the message. It doesn't make
+   * the message immutable after parsing is done. To make the message immutable, use {@link
+   * #makeImmutable}.
+   */
+  void mergeFrom(T message, Reader reader, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Like the above but parses from a byte[] without extensions. Entry point of fast path. Note that
+   * this method may throw IndexOutOfBoundsException if the input data is not valid protobuf wire
+   * format. Protobuf public API methods should catch and convert that exception to
+   * InvalidProtocolBufferException.
+   */
+  void mergeFrom(T message, byte[] data, int position, int limit, Registers registers)
+      throws IOException;
+
+  /** Marks repeated/map/extension/unknown fields as immutable. */
+  void makeImmutable(T message);
+
+  /** Checks whether all required fields are set. */
+  boolean isInitialized(T message);
+
+  /** Creates a new instance of the message class. */
+  T newInstance();
+
+  /** Determine of the two messages are equal. */
+  boolean equals(T message, T other);
+
+  /** Compute a hashCode for the message. */
+  int hashCode(T message);
+
+  /**
+   * Merge values from {@code other} into {@code message}. This method doesn't make the message
+   * immutable. To make the message immutable after merging, use {@link #makeImmutable}.
+   */
+  void mergeFrom(T message, T other);
+
+  /** Compute the serialized size of the message. */
+  int getSerializedSize(T message);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SchemaFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SchemaFactory.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cf38dd699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SchemaFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/** A factory that manufactures {@link Schema} instances for protobuf messages. */
+@ExperimentalApi
+interface SchemaFactory {
+  /** Creates a schema instance for the given protobuf message type. */
+  <T> Schema<T> createSchema(Class<T> messageType);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SchemaUtil.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SchemaUtil.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..50957fcfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SchemaUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,991 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.FieldSet.FieldDescriptorLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumVerifier;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.RandomAccess;
+
+/** Helper methods used by schemas. */
+@ExperimentalApi
+final class SchemaUtil {
+  private static final Class<?> GENERATED_MESSAGE_CLASS = getGeneratedMessageClass();
+  private static final UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> PROTO2_UNKNOWN_FIELD_SET_SCHEMA =
+      getUnknownFieldSetSchema(false);
+  private static final UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> PROTO3_UNKNOWN_FIELD_SET_SCHEMA =
+      getUnknownFieldSetSchema(true);
+  private static final UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> UNKNOWN_FIELD_SET_LITE_SCHEMA =
+      new UnknownFieldSetLiteSchema();
+
+  private static final int DEFAULT_LOOK_UP_START_NUMBER = 40;
+
+  private SchemaUtil() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Requires that the given message extend {@link com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3} or {@link
+   * GeneratedMessageLite}.
+   */
+  public static void requireGeneratedMessage(Class<?> messageType) {
+    if (!GeneratedMessageLite.class.isAssignableFrom(messageType)
+        && GENERATED_MESSAGE_CLASS != null
+        && !GENERATED_MESSAGE_CLASS.isAssignableFrom(messageType)) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Message classes must extend GeneratedMessage or GeneratedMessageLite");
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeDouble(int fieldNumber, double value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (Double.compare(value, 0.0) != 0) {
+      writer.writeDouble(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeFloat(int fieldNumber, float value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (Float.compare(value, 0.0f) != 0) {
+      writer.writeFloat(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeInt64(int fieldNumber, long value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value != 0) {
+      writer.writeInt64(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeUInt64(int fieldNumber, long value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value != 0) {
+      writer.writeUInt64(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeSInt64(int fieldNumber, long value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value != 0) {
+      writer.writeSInt64(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeFixed64(int fieldNumber, long value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value != 0) {
+      writer.writeFixed64(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeSFixed64(int fieldNumber, long value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value != 0) {
+      writer.writeSFixed64(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeInt32(int fieldNumber, int value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value != 0) {
+      writer.writeInt32(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeUInt32(int fieldNumber, int value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value != 0) {
+      writer.writeUInt32(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeSInt32(int fieldNumber, int value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value != 0) {
+      writer.writeSInt32(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeFixed32(int fieldNumber, int value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value != 0) {
+      writer.writeFixed32(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeSFixed32(int fieldNumber, int value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value != 0) {
+      writer.writeSFixed32(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeEnum(int fieldNumber, int value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value != 0) {
+      writer.writeEnum(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeBool(int fieldNumber, boolean value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value) {
+      writer.writeBool(fieldNumber, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeString(int fieldNumber, Object value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value instanceof String) {
+      writeStringInternal(fieldNumber, (String) value, writer);
+    } else {
+      writeBytes(fieldNumber, (ByteString) value, writer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void writeStringInternal(int fieldNumber, String value, Writer writer)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeString(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeBytes(int fieldNumber, ByteString value, Writer writer)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeBytes(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, Object value, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null) {
+      writer.writeMessage(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeDoubleList(
+      int fieldNumber, List<Double> value, Writer writer, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeDoubleList(fieldNumber, value, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeFloatList(
+      int fieldNumber, List<Float> value, Writer writer, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeFloatList(fieldNumber, value, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeInt64List(
+      int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, Writer writer, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeInt64List(fieldNumber, value, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeUInt64List(
+      int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, Writer writer, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeUInt64List(fieldNumber, value, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeSInt64List(
+      int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, Writer writer, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeSInt64List(fieldNumber, value, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeFixed64List(
+      int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, Writer writer, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeFixed64List(fieldNumber, value, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeSFixed64List(
+      int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, Writer writer, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeSFixed64List(fieldNumber, value, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeInt32List(
+      int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, Writer writer, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeInt32List(fieldNumber, value, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeUInt32List(
+      int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, Writer writer, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeUInt32List(fieldNumber, value, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeSInt32List(
+      int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, Writer writer, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeSInt32List(fieldNumber, value, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeFixed32List(
+      int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, Writer writer, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeFixed32List(fieldNumber, value, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeSFixed32List(
+      int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, Writer writer, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeSFixed32List(fieldNumber, value, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeEnumList(
+      int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, Writer writer, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeEnumList(fieldNumber, value, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeBoolList(
+      int fieldNumber, List<Boolean> value, Writer writer, boolean packed) throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeBoolList(fieldNumber, value, packed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeStringList(int fieldNumber, List<String> value, Writer writer)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeStringList(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeBytesList(int fieldNumber, List<ByteString> value, Writer writer)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeBytesList(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeMessageList(int fieldNumber, List<?> value, Writer writer)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeMessageList(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeMessageList(int fieldNumber, List<?> value, Writer writer, Schema schema)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeMessageList(fieldNumber, value, schema);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeLazyFieldList(int fieldNumber, List<?> value, Writer writer)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      for (Object item : value) {
+        ((LazyFieldLite) item).writeTo(writer, fieldNumber);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeGroupList(int fieldNumber, List<?> value, Writer writer)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeGroupList(fieldNumber, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeGroupList(int fieldNumber, List<?> value, Writer writer, Schema schema)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (value != null && !value.isEmpty()) {
+      writer.writeGroupList(fieldNumber, value, schema);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeInt64ListNoTag(List<Long> list) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    int size = 0;
+
+    if (list instanceof LongArrayList) {
+      final LongArrayList primitiveList = (LongArrayList) list;
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeInt64SizeNoTag(primitiveList.getLong(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeInt64SizeNoTag(list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeInt64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> list, boolean packed) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int size = computeSizeInt64ListNoTag(list);
+
+    if (packed) {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber)
+          + CodedOutputStream.computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(size);
+    } else {
+      return size + (list.size() * CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber));
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeUInt64ListNoTag(List<Long> list) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    int size = 0;
+
+    if (list instanceof LongArrayList) {
+      final LongArrayList primitiveList = (LongArrayList) list;
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt64SizeNoTag(primitiveList.getLong(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt64SizeNoTag(list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeUInt64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> list, boolean packed) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int size = computeSizeUInt64ListNoTag(list);
+
+    if (packed) {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber)
+          + CodedOutputStream.computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(size);
+    } else {
+      return size + (length * CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber));
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeSInt64ListNoTag(List<Long> list) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    int size = 0;
+
+    if (list instanceof LongArrayList) {
+      final LongArrayList primitiveList = (LongArrayList) list;
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeSInt64SizeNoTag(primitiveList.getLong(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeSInt64SizeNoTag(list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeSInt64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> list, boolean packed) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int size = computeSizeSInt64ListNoTag(list);
+
+    if (packed) {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber)
+          + CodedOutputStream.computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(size);
+    } else {
+      return size + (length * CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber));
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeEnumListNoTag(List<Integer> list) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    int size = 0;
+
+    if (list instanceof IntArrayList) {
+      final IntArrayList primitiveList = (IntArrayList) list;
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeEnumSizeNoTag(primitiveList.getInt(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeEnumSizeNoTag(list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeEnumList(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> list, boolean packed) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int size = computeSizeEnumListNoTag(list);
+
+    if (packed) {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber)
+          + CodedOutputStream.computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(size);
+    } else {
+      return size + (length * CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber));
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeInt32ListNoTag(List<Integer> list) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    int size = 0;
+
+    if (list instanceof IntArrayList) {
+      final IntArrayList primitiveList = (IntArrayList) list;
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeInt32SizeNoTag(primitiveList.getInt(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeInt32SizeNoTag(list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeInt32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> list, boolean packed) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int size = computeSizeInt32ListNoTag(list);
+
+    if (packed) {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber)
+          + CodedOutputStream.computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(size);
+    } else {
+      return size + (length * CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber));
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeUInt32ListNoTag(List<Integer> list) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    int size = 0;
+
+    if (list instanceof IntArrayList) {
+      final IntArrayList primitiveList = (IntArrayList) list;
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(primitiveList.getInt(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeUInt32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> list, boolean packed) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int size = computeSizeUInt32ListNoTag(list);
+
+    if (packed) {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber)
+          + CodedOutputStream.computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(size);
+    } else {
+      return size + (length * CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber));
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeSInt32ListNoTag(List<Integer> list) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    int size = 0;
+
+    if (list instanceof IntArrayList) {
+      final IntArrayList primitiveList = (IntArrayList) list;
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeSInt32SizeNoTag(primitiveList.getInt(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeSInt32SizeNoTag(list.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeSInt32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> list, boolean packed) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    int size = computeSizeSInt32ListNoTag(list);
+
+    if (packed) {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber)
+          + CodedOutputStream.computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(size);
+    } else {
+      return size + (length * CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber));
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeFixed32ListNoTag(List<?> list) {
+    return list.size() * WireFormat.FIXED32_SIZE;
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeFixed32List(int fieldNumber, List<?> list, boolean packed) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if (packed) {
+      int dataSize = length * WireFormat.FIXED32_SIZE;
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber)
+          + CodedOutputStream.computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(dataSize);
+    } else {
+      return length * CodedOutputStream.computeFixed32Size(fieldNumber, 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeFixed64ListNoTag(List<?> list) {
+    return list.size() * WireFormat.FIXED64_SIZE;
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeFixed64List(int fieldNumber, List<?> list, boolean packed) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if (packed) {
+      final int dataSize = length * WireFormat.FIXED64_SIZE;
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber)
+          + CodedOutputStream.computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(dataSize);
+    } else {
+      return length * CodedOutputStream.computeFixed64Size(fieldNumber, 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeBoolListNoTag(List<?> list) {
+    // bools are 1 byte varints
+    return list.size();
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeBoolList(int fieldNumber, List<?> list, boolean packed) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if (packed) {
+      // bools are 1 byte varints
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber)
+          + CodedOutputStream.computeLengthDelimitedFieldSize(length);
+    } else {
+      return length * CodedOutputStream.computeBoolSize(fieldNumber, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeStringList(int fieldNumber, List<?> list) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int size = length * CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber);
+    if (list instanceof LazyStringList) {
+      LazyStringList lazyList = ((LazyStringList) list);
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        Object value = lazyList.getRaw(i);
+        if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+          size += CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSizeNoTag((ByteString) value);
+        } else {
+          size += CodedOutputStream.computeStringSizeNoTag((String) value);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        Object value = list.get(i);
+        if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+          size += CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSizeNoTag((ByteString) value);
+        } else {
+          size += CodedOutputStream.computeStringSizeNoTag((String) value);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeMessage(int fieldNumber, Object value, Schema schema) {
+    if (value instanceof LazyFieldLite) {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeLazyFieldSize(fieldNumber, (LazyFieldLite) value);
+    } else {
+      return CodedOutputStream.computeMessageSize(fieldNumber, (MessageLite) value, schema);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeMessageList(int fieldNumber, List<?> list) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int size = length * CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber);
+    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      Object value = list.get(i);
+      if (value instanceof LazyFieldLite) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeLazyFieldSizeNoTag((LazyFieldLite) value);
+      } else {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeMessageSizeNoTag((MessageLite) value);
+      }
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeMessageList(int fieldNumber, List<?> list, Schema schema) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int size = length * CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber);
+    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      Object value = list.get(i);
+      if (value instanceof LazyFieldLite) {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeLazyFieldSizeNoTag((LazyFieldLite) value);
+      } else {
+        size += CodedOutputStream.computeMessageSizeNoTag((MessageLite) value, schema);
+      }
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeByteStringList(int fieldNumber, List<ByteString> list) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int size = length * CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber);
+    for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
+      size += CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSizeNoTag(list.get(i));
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeGroupList(int fieldNumber, List<MessageLite> list) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int size = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      size += CodedOutputStream.computeGroupSize(fieldNumber, list.get(i));
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  static int computeSizeGroupList(int fieldNumber, List<MessageLite> list, Schema schema) {
+    final int length = list.size();
+    if (length == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int size = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      size += CodedOutputStream.computeGroupSize(fieldNumber, list.get(i), schema);
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines whether to issue tableswitch or lookupswitch for the mergeFrom method.
+   *
+   * @see #shouldUseTableSwitch(int, int, int)
+   */
+  public static boolean shouldUseTableSwitch(FieldInfo[] fields) {
+    // Determine whether to issue a tableswitch or a lookupswitch
+    // instruction.
+    if (fields.length == 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    int lo = fields[0].getFieldNumber();
+    int hi = fields[fields.length - 1].getFieldNumber();
+    return shouldUseTableSwitch(lo, hi, fields.length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines whether to issue tableswitch or lookupswitch for the mergeFrom method. This is based
+   * on the <a href=
+   * "http://hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk8/jdk8/langtools/file/30db5e0aaf83/src/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javac/jvm/Gen.java#l1159">
+   * logic in the JDK</a>.
+   *
+   * @param lo the lowest fieldNumber contained within the message.
+   * @param hi the higest fieldNumber contained within the message.
+   * @param numFields the total number of fields in the message.
+   * @return {@code true} if tableswitch should be used, rather than lookupswitch.
+   */
+  public static boolean shouldUseTableSwitch(int lo, int hi, int numFields) {
+    if (hi < DEFAULT_LOOK_UP_START_NUMBER) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    long tableSpaceCost = ((long) hi - lo + 1); // words
+    long tableTimeCost = 3; // comparisons
+    long lookupSpaceCost = 3 + 2 * (long) numFields;
+    long lookupTimeCost = 3 + (long) numFields;
+    return tableSpaceCost + 3 * tableTimeCost <= lookupSpaceCost + 3 * lookupTimeCost;
+  }
+
+  public static UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> proto2UnknownFieldSetSchema() {
+    return PROTO2_UNKNOWN_FIELD_SET_SCHEMA;
+  }
+
+  public static UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> proto3UnknownFieldSetSchema() {
+    return PROTO3_UNKNOWN_FIELD_SET_SCHEMA;
+  }
+
+  public static UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> unknownFieldSetLiteSchema() {
+    return UNKNOWN_FIELD_SET_LITE_SCHEMA;
+  }
+
+  private static UnknownFieldSchema<?, ?> getUnknownFieldSetSchema(boolean proto3) {
+    try {
+      Class<?> clz = getUnknownFieldSetSchemaClass();
+      if (clz == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return (UnknownFieldSchema) clz.getConstructor(boolean.class).newInstance(proto3);
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static Class<?> getGeneratedMessageClass() {
+    try {
+      return Class.forName("com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3");
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static Class<?> getUnknownFieldSetSchemaClass() {
+    try {
+      return Class.forName("com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSetSchema");
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  static Object getMapDefaultEntry(Class<?> clazz, String name) {
+    try {
+      Class<?> holder =
+          Class.forName(clazz.getName() + "$" + toCamelCase(name, true) + "DefaultEntryHolder");
+      Field[] fields = holder.getDeclaredFields();
+      if (fields.length != 1) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(
+            "Unable to look up map field default entry holder class for "
+                + name
+                + " in "
+                + clazz.getName());
+      }
+      return UnsafeUtil.getStaticObject(fields[0]);
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static String toCamelCase(String name, boolean capNext) {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    for (int i = 0; i < name.length(); ++i) {
+      char c = name.charAt(i);
+      // Matches protoc field name function:
+      if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') {
+        if (capNext) {
+          sb.append((char) (c + ('A' - 'a')));
+        } else {
+          sb.append(c);
+        }
+        capNext = false;
+      } else if ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') {
+        if (i == 0 && !capNext) {
+          // Force first letter to lower-case unless explicitly told to capitalize it.
+          sb.append((char) (c - ('A' - 'a')));
+        } else {
+          sb.append(c);
+        }
+        capNext = false;
+      } else if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
+        sb.append(c);
+        capNext = true;
+      } else {
+        capNext = true;
+      }
+    }
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  /** Returns true if both are null or both are {@link Object#equals}. */
+  static boolean safeEquals(Object a, Object b) {
+    return a == b || (a != null && a.equals(b));
+  }
+
+  static <T> void mergeMap(MapFieldSchema mapFieldSchema, T message, T o, long offset) {
+    Object merged =
+        mapFieldSchema.mergeFrom(
+            UnsafeUtil.getObject(message, offset), UnsafeUtil.getObject(o, offset));
+    UnsafeUtil.putObject(message, offset, merged);
+  }
+
+  static <T, FT extends FieldDescriptorLite<FT>> void mergeExtensions(
+      ExtensionSchema<FT> schema, T message, T other) {
+    FieldSet<FT> otherExtensions = schema.getExtensions(other);
+    if (!otherExtensions.isEmpty()) {
+      FieldSet<FT> messageExtensions = schema.getMutableExtensions(message);
+      messageExtensions.mergeFrom(otherExtensions);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static <T, UT, UB> void mergeUnknownFields(
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> schema, T message, T other) {
+    UT messageUnknowns = schema.getFromMessage(message);
+    UT otherUnknowns = schema.getFromMessage(other);
+    UT merged = schema.merge(messageUnknowns, otherUnknowns);
+    schema.setToMessage(message, merged);
+  }
+
+  /** Filters unrecognized enum values in a list. */
+  static <UT, UB> UB filterUnknownEnumList(
+      int number,
+      List<Integer> enumList,
+      EnumLiteMap<?> enumMap,
+      UB unknownFields,
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> unknownFieldSchema) {
+    if (enumMap == null) {
+      return unknownFields;
+    }
+    // TODO(dweis): Specialize for IntArrayList to avoid boxing.
+    if (enumList instanceof RandomAccess) {
+      int writePos = 0;
+      int size = enumList.size();
+      for (int readPos = 0; readPos < size; ++readPos) {
+        int enumValue = enumList.get(readPos);
+        if (enumMap.findValueByNumber(enumValue) != null) {
+          if (readPos != writePos) {
+            enumList.set(writePos, enumValue);
+          }
+          ++writePos;
+        } else {
+          unknownFields = storeUnknownEnum(number, enumValue, unknownFields, unknownFieldSchema);
+        }
+      }
+      if (writePos != size) {
+        enumList.subList(writePos, size).clear();
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (Iterator<Integer> it = enumList.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
+        int enumValue = it.next();
+        if (enumMap.findValueByNumber(enumValue) == null) {
+          unknownFields = storeUnknownEnum(number, enumValue, unknownFields, unknownFieldSchema);
+          it.remove();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return unknownFields;
+  }
+
+  /** Filters unrecognized enum values in a list. */
+  static <UT, UB> UB filterUnknownEnumList(
+      int number,
+      List<Integer> enumList,
+      EnumVerifier enumVerifier,
+      UB unknownFields,
+      UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> unknownFieldSchema) {
+    if (enumVerifier == null) {
+      return unknownFields;
+    }
+    // TODO(dweis): Specialize for IntArrayList to avoid boxing.
+    if (enumList instanceof RandomAccess) {
+      int writePos = 0;
+      int size = enumList.size();
+      for (int readPos = 0; readPos < size; ++readPos) {
+        int enumValue = enumList.get(readPos);
+        if (enumVerifier.isInRange(enumValue)) {
+          if (readPos != writePos) {
+            enumList.set(writePos, enumValue);
+          }
+          ++writePos;
+        } else {
+          unknownFields = storeUnknownEnum(number, enumValue, unknownFields, unknownFieldSchema);
+        }
+      }
+      if (writePos != size) {
+        enumList.subList(writePos, size).clear();
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (Iterator<Integer> it = enumList.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
+        int enumValue = it.next();
+        if (!enumVerifier.isInRange(enumValue)) {
+          unknownFields = storeUnknownEnum(number, enumValue, unknownFields, unknownFieldSchema);
+          it.remove();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return unknownFields;
+  }
+
+  /** Stores an unrecognized enum value as an unknown value. */
+  static <UT, UB> UB storeUnknownEnum(
+      int number, int enumValue, UB unknownFields, UnknownFieldSchema<UT, UB> unknownFieldSchema) {
+    if (unknownFields == null) {
+      unknownFields = unknownFieldSchema.newBuilder();
+    }
+    unknownFieldSchema.addVarint(unknownFields, number, enumValue);
+    return unknownFields;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Service.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Service.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d45cdaec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Service.java
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract base interface for protocol-buffer-based RPC services. Services themselves are abstract
+ * classes (implemented either by servers or as stubs), but they subclass this base interface. The
+ * methods of this interface can be used to call the methods of the service without knowing its
+ * exact type at compile time (analogous to the Message interface).
+ *
+ * <p>Starting with version 2.3.0, RPC implementations should not try to build on this, but should
+ * instead provide code generator plugins which generate code specific to the particular RPC
+ * implementation. This way the generated code can be more appropriate for the implementation in use
+ * and can avoid unnecessary layers of indirection.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public interface Service {
+  /** Get the {@code ServiceDescriptor} describing this service and its methods. */
+  Descriptors.ServiceDescriptor getDescriptorForType();
+
+  /**
+   * Call a method of the service specified by MethodDescriptor. This is normally implemented as a
+   * simple {@code switch()} that calls the standard definitions of the service's methods.
+   *
+   * <p>Preconditions:
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>{@code method.getService() == getDescriptorForType()}
+   *   <li>{@code request} is of the exact same class as the object returned by {@code
+   *       getRequestPrototype(method)}.
+   *   <li>{@code controller} is of the correct type for the RPC implementation being used by this
+   *       Service. For stubs, the "correct type" depends on the RpcChannel which the stub is using.
+   *       Server-side Service implementations are expected to accept whatever type of {@code
+   *       RpcController} the server-side RPC implementation uses.
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * <p>Postconditions:
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>{@code done} will be called when the method is complete. This may be before {@code
+   *       callMethod()} returns or it may be at some point in the future.
+   *   <li>The parameter to {@code done} is the response. It must be of the exact same type as would
+   *       be returned by {@code getResponsePrototype(method)}.
+   *   <li>If the RPC failed, the parameter to {@code done} will be {@code null}. Further details
+   *       about the failure can be found by querying {@code controller}.
+   * </ul>
+   */
+  void callMethod(
+      Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method,
+      RpcController controller,
+      Message request,
+      RpcCallback<Message> done);
+
+  /**
+   * {@code callMethod()} requires that the request passed in is of a particular subclass of {@code
+   * Message}. {@code getRequestPrototype()} gets the default instances of this type for a given
+   * method. You can then call {@code Message.newBuilderForType()} on this instance to construct a
+   * builder to build an object which you can then pass to {@code callMethod()}.
+   *
+   * <p>Example:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   *   MethodDescriptor method =
+   *     service.getDescriptorForType().findMethodByName("Foo");
+   *   Message request =
+   *     stub.getRequestPrototype(method).newBuilderForType()
+   *         .mergeFrom(input).build();
+   *   service.callMethod(method, request, callback);
+   * </pre>
+   */
+  Message getRequestPrototype(Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method);
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@code getRequestPrototype()}, but gets a prototype of the response message. {@code
+   * getResponsePrototype()} is generally not needed because the {@code Service} implementation
+   * constructs the response message itself, but it may be useful in some cases to know ahead of
+   * time what type of object will be returned.
+   */
+  Message getResponsePrototype(Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ServiceException.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ServiceException.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00d570752
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ServiceException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown by blocking RPC methods when a failure occurs.
+ *
+ * @author cpovirk@google.com (Chris Povirk)
+ */
+public class ServiceException extends Exception {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = -1219262335729891920L;
+
+  public ServiceException(final String message) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+
+  public ServiceException(final Throwable cause) {
+    super(cause);
+  }
+
+  public ServiceException(final String message, final Throwable cause) {
+    super(message, cause);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SingleFieldBuilder.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SingleFieldBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..acdc1de18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SingleFieldBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+/**
+ * {@code SingleFieldBuilder} implements a structure that a protocol message uses to hold a single
+ * field of another protocol message. It supports the classical use case of setting an immutable
+ * {@link Message} as the value of the field and is highly optimized around this.
+ *
+ * <p>It also supports the additional use case of setting a {@link Message.Builder} as the field and
+ * deferring conversion of that {@code Builder} to an immutable {@code Message}. In this way, it's
+ * possible to maintain a tree of {@code Builder}'s that acts as a fully read/write data structure.
+ * <br>
+ * Logically, one can think of a tree of builders as converting the entire tree to messages when
+ * build is called on the root or when any method is called that desires a Message instead of a
+ * Builder. In terms of the implementation, the {@code SingleFieldBuilder} and {@code
+ * RepeatedFieldBuilder} classes cache messages that were created so that messages only need to be
+ * created when some change occurred in its builder or a builder for one of its descendants.
+ *
+ * @param <MType> the type of message for the field
+ * @param <BType> the type of builder for the field
+ * @param <IType> the common interface for the message and the builder
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class SingleFieldBuilder<
+        MType extends GeneratedMessage,
+        BType extends GeneratedMessage.Builder,
+        IType extends MessageOrBuilder>
+    implements GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent {
+
+  // Parent to send changes to.
+  private GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent;
+
+  // Invariant: one of builder or message fields must be non-null.
+
+  // If set, this is the case where we are backed by a builder. In this case,
+  // message field represents a cached message for the builder (or null if
+  // there is no cached message).
+  private BType builder;
+
+  // If builder is non-null, this represents a cached message from the builder.
+  // If builder is null, this is the authoritative message for the field.
+  private MType message;
+
+  // Indicates that we've built a message and so we are now obligated
+  // to dispatch dirty invalidations. See GeneratedMessage.BuilderListener.
+  private boolean isClean;
+
+  public SingleFieldBuilder(MType message, GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent, boolean isClean) {
+    this.message = checkNotNull(message);
+    this.parent = parent;
+    this.isClean = isClean;
+  }
+
+  public void dispose() {
+    // Null out parent so we stop sending it invalidations.
+    parent = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the message for the field. If the message is currently stored as a {@code Builder}, it is
+   * converted to a {@code Message} by calling {@link Message.Builder#buildPartial} on it. If no
+   * message has been set, returns the default instance of the message.
+   *
+   * @return the message for the field
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public MType getMessage() {
+    if (message == null) {
+      // If message is null, the invariant is that we must be have a builder.
+      message = (MType) builder.buildPartial();
+    }
+    return message;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builds the message and returns it.
+   *
+   * @return the message
+   */
+  public MType build() {
+    // Now that build has been called, we are required to dispatch
+    // invalidations.
+    isClean = true;
+    return getMessage();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a builder for the field. If no builder has been created yet, a builder is created on
+   * demand by calling {@link Message#toBuilder}.
+   *
+   * @return The builder for the field
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public BType getBuilder() {
+    if (builder == null) {
+      // builder.mergeFrom() on a fresh builder
+      // does not create any sub-objects with independent clean/dirty states,
+      // therefore setting the builder itself to clean without actually calling
+      // build() cannot break any invariants.
+      builder = (BType) message.newBuilderForType(this);
+      builder.mergeFrom(message); // no-op if message is the default message
+      builder.markClean();
+    }
+    return builder;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the base class interface for the field. This may either be a builder or a message. It will
+   * return whatever is more efficient.
+   *
+   * @return the message or builder for the field as the base class interface
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public IType getMessageOrBuilder() {
+    if (builder != null) {
+      return (IType) builder;
+    } else {
+      return (IType) message;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets a message for the field replacing any existing value.
+   *
+   * @param message the message to set
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> setMessage(MType message) {
+    this.message = checkNotNull(message);
+    if (builder != null) {
+      builder.dispose();
+      builder = null;
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merges the field from another field.
+   *
+   * @param value the value to merge from
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> mergeFrom(MType value) {
+    if (builder == null && message == message.getDefaultInstanceForType()) {
+      message = value;
+    } else {
+      getBuilder().mergeFrom(value);
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clears the value of the field.
+   *
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public SingleFieldBuilder<MType, BType, IType> clear() {
+    message =
+        (MType)
+            (message != null
+                ? message.getDefaultInstanceForType()
+                : builder.getDefaultInstanceForType());
+    if (builder != null) {
+      builder.dispose();
+      builder = null;
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Called when a the builder or one of its nested children has changed and any parent should be
+   * notified of its invalidation.
+   */
+  private void onChanged() {
+    // If builder is null, this is the case where onChanged is being called
+    // from setMessage or clear.
+    if (builder != null) {
+      message = null;
+    }
+    if (isClean && parent != null) {
+      parent.markDirty();
+
+      // Don't keep dispatching invalidations until build is called again.
+      isClean = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void markDirty() {
+    onChanged();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SingleFieldBuilderV3.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SingleFieldBuilderV3.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78a4a2166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SingleFieldBuilderV3.java
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+/**
+ * {@code SingleFieldBuilderV3} implements a structure that a protocol message uses to hold a single
+ * field of another protocol message. It supports the classical use case of setting an immutable
+ * {@link Message} as the value of the field and is highly optimized around this.
+ *
+ * <p>It also supports the additional use case of setting a {@link Message.Builder} as the field and
+ * deferring conversion of that {@code Builder} to an immutable {@code Message}. In this way, it's
+ * possible to maintain a tree of {@code Builder}'s that acts as a fully read/write data structure.
+ * <br>
+ * Logically, one can think of a tree of builders as converting the entire tree to messages when
+ * build is called on the root or when any method is called that desires a Message instead of a
+ * Builder. In terms of the implementation, the {@code SingleFieldBuilderV3} and {@code
+ * RepeatedFieldBuilderV3} classes cache messages that were created so that messages only need to be
+ * created when some change occurred in its builder or a builder for one of its descendants.
+ *
+ * @param <MType> the type of message for the field
+ * @param <BType> the type of builder for the field
+ * @param <IType> the common interface for the message and the builder
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class SingleFieldBuilderV3<
+        MType extends AbstractMessage,
+        BType extends AbstractMessage.Builder,
+        IType extends MessageOrBuilder>
+    implements AbstractMessage.BuilderParent {
+
+  // Parent to send changes to.
+  private AbstractMessage.BuilderParent parent;
+
+  // Invariant: one of builder or message fields must be non-null.
+
+  // If set, this is the case where we are backed by a builder. In this case,
+  // message field represents a cached message for the builder (or null if
+  // there is no cached message).
+  private BType builder;
+
+  // If builder is non-null, this represents a cached message from the builder.
+  // If builder is null, this is the authoritative message for the field.
+  private MType message;
+
+  // Indicates that we've built a message and so we are now obligated
+  // to dispatch dirty invalidations. See AbstractMessage.BuilderListener.
+  private boolean isClean;
+
+  public SingleFieldBuilderV3(MType message, AbstractMessage.BuilderParent parent, boolean isClean) {
+    this.message = checkNotNull(message);
+    this.parent = parent;
+    this.isClean = isClean;
+  }
+
+  public void dispose() {
+    // Null out parent so we stop sending it invalidations.
+    parent = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the message for the field. If the message is currently stored as a {@code Builder}, it is
+   * converted to a {@code Message} by calling {@link Message.Builder#buildPartial} on it. If no
+   * message has been set, returns the default instance of the message.
+   *
+   * @return the message for the field
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public MType getMessage() {
+    if (message == null) {
+      // If message is null, the invariant is that we must be have a builder.
+      message = (MType) builder.buildPartial();
+    }
+    return message;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builds the message and returns it.
+   *
+   * @return the message
+   */
+  public MType build() {
+    // Now that build has been called, we are required to dispatch
+    // invalidations.
+    isClean = true;
+    return getMessage();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a builder for the field. If no builder has been created yet, a builder is created on
+   * demand by calling {@link Message#toBuilder}.
+   *
+   * @return The builder for the field
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public BType getBuilder() {
+    if (builder == null) {
+      // builder.mergeFrom() on a fresh builder
+      // does not create any sub-objects with independent clean/dirty states,
+      // therefore setting the builder itself to clean without actually calling
+      // build() cannot break any invariants.
+      builder = (BType) message.newBuilderForType(this);
+      builder.mergeFrom(message); // no-op if message is the default message
+      builder.markClean();
+    }
+    return builder;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the base class interface for the field. This may either be a builder or a message. It will
+   * return whatever is more efficient.
+   *
+   * @return the message or builder for the field as the base class interface
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public IType getMessageOrBuilder() {
+    if (builder != null) {
+      return (IType) builder;
+    } else {
+      return (IType) message;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets a message for the field replacing any existing value.
+   *
+   * @param message the message to set
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> setMessage(MType message) {
+    this.message = checkNotNull(message);
+    if (builder != null) {
+      builder.dispose();
+      builder = null;
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merges the field from another field.
+   *
+   * @param value the value to merge from
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> mergeFrom(MType value) {
+    if (builder == null && message == message.getDefaultInstanceForType()) {
+      message = value;
+    } else {
+      getBuilder().mergeFrom(value);
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clears the value of the field.
+   *
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public SingleFieldBuilderV3<MType, BType, IType> clear() {
+    message =
+        (MType)
+            (message != null
+                ? message.getDefaultInstanceForType()
+                : builder.getDefaultInstanceForType());
+    if (builder != null) {
+      builder.dispose();
+      builder = null;
+    }
+    onChanged();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Called when a the builder or one of its nested children has changed and any parent should be
+   * notified of its invalidation.
+   */
+  private void onChanged() {
+    // If builder is null, this is the case where onChanged is being called
+    // from setMessage or clear.
+    if (builder != null) {
+      message = null;
+    }
+    if (isClean && parent != null) {
+      parent.markDirty();
+
+      // Don't keep dispatching invalidations until build is called again.
+      isClean = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void markDirty() {
+    onChanged();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SmallSortedMap.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SmallSortedMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..546e56e85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/SmallSortedMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,712 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.AbstractSet;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.SortedMap;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+
+/**
+ * A custom map implementation from FieldDescriptor to Object optimized to minimize the number of
+ * memory allocations for instances with a small number of mappings. The implementation stores the
+ * first {@code k} mappings in an array for a configurable value of {@code k}, allowing direct
+ * access to the corresponding {@code Entry}s without the need to create an Iterator. The remaining
+ * entries are stored in an overflow map. Iteration over the entries in the map should be done as
+ * follows:
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * for (int i = 0; i < fieldMap.getNumArrayEntries(); i++) {
+ *   process(fieldMap.getArrayEntryAt(i));
+ * }
+ * for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : fieldMap.getOverflowEntries()) {
+ *   process(entry);
+ * }
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * The resulting iteration is in order of ascending field tag number. The object returned by {@link
+ * #entrySet()} adheres to the same contract but is less efficient as it necessarily involves
+ * creating an object for iteration.
+ *
+ * <p>The tradeoff for this memory efficiency is that the worst case running time of the {@code
+ * put()} operation is {@code O(k + lg n)}, which happens when entries are added in descending
+ * order. {@code k} should be chosen such that it covers enough common cases without adversely
+ * affecting larger maps. In practice, the worst case scenario does not happen for extensions
+ * because extension fields are serialized and deserialized in order of ascending tag number, but
+ * the worst case scenario can happen for DynamicMessages.
+ *
+ * <p>The running time for all other operations is similar to that of {@code TreeMap}.
+ *
+ * <p>Instances are not thread-safe until {@link #makeImmutable()} is called, after which any
+ * modifying operation will result in an {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
+ *
+ * @author darick@google.com Darick Tong
+ */
+// This class is final for all intents and purposes because the constructor is
+// private. However, the FieldDescriptor-specific logic is encapsulated in
+// a subclass to aid testability of the core logic.
+class SmallSortedMap<K extends Comparable<K>, V> extends AbstractMap<K, V> {
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance for mapping FieldDescriptors to their values. The {@link
+   * #makeImmutable()} implementation will convert the List values of any repeated fields to
+   * unmodifiable lists.
+   *
+   * @param arraySize The size of the entry array containing the lexicographically smallest
+   *     mappings.
+   */
+  static <FieldDescriptorType extends FieldSet.FieldDescriptorLite<FieldDescriptorType>>
+      SmallSortedMap<FieldDescriptorType, Object> newFieldMap(int arraySize) {
+    return new SmallSortedMap<FieldDescriptorType, Object>(arraySize) {
+      @Override
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      public void makeImmutable() {
+        if (!isImmutable()) {
+          for (int i = 0; i < getNumArrayEntries(); i++) {
+            final Map.Entry<FieldDescriptorType, Object> entry = getArrayEntryAt(i);
+            if (entry.getKey().isRepeated()) {
+              final List value = (List) entry.getValue();
+              entry.setValue(Collections.unmodifiableList(value));
+            }
+          }
+          for (Map.Entry<FieldDescriptorType, Object> entry : getOverflowEntries()) {
+            if (entry.getKey().isRepeated()) {
+              final List value = (List) entry.getValue();
+              entry.setValue(Collections.unmodifiableList(value));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        super.makeImmutable();
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance for testing.
+   *
+   * @param arraySize The size of the entry array containing the lexicographically smallest
+   *     mappings.
+   */
+  static <K extends Comparable<K>, V> SmallSortedMap<K, V> newInstanceForTest(int arraySize) {
+    return new SmallSortedMap<K, V>(arraySize);
+  }
+
+  private final int maxArraySize;
+  // The "entry array" is actually a List because generic arrays are not
+  // allowed. ArrayList also nicely handles the entry shifting on inserts and
+  // removes.
+  private List<Entry> entryList;
+  private Map<K, V> overflowEntries;
+  private boolean isImmutable;
+  // The EntrySet is a stateless view of the Map. It's initialized the first
+  // time it is requested and reused henceforth.
+  private volatile EntrySet lazyEntrySet;
+  private Map<K, V> overflowEntriesDescending;
+  private volatile DescendingEntrySet lazyDescendingEntrySet;
+
+  /**
+   * @code arraySize Size of the array in which the lexicographically smallest mappings are stored.
+   *     (i.e. the {@code k} referred to in the class documentation).
+   */
+  private SmallSortedMap(int arraySize) {
+    this.maxArraySize = arraySize;
+    this.entryList = Collections.emptyList();
+    this.overflowEntries = Collections.emptyMap();
+    this.overflowEntriesDescending = Collections.emptyMap();
+  }
+
+  /** Make this map immutable from this point forward. */
+  public void makeImmutable() {
+    if (!isImmutable) {
+      // Note: There's no need to wrap the entryList in an unmodifiableList
+      // because none of the list's accessors are exposed. The iterator() of
+      // overflowEntries, on the other hand, is exposed so it must be made
+      // unmodifiable.
+      overflowEntries =
+          overflowEntries.isEmpty()
+              ? Collections.<K, V>emptyMap()
+              : Collections.unmodifiableMap(overflowEntries);
+      overflowEntriesDescending =
+          overflowEntriesDescending.isEmpty()
+              ? Collections.<K, V>emptyMap()
+              : Collections.unmodifiableMap(overflowEntriesDescending);
+      isImmutable = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** @return Whether {@link #makeImmutable()} has been called. */
+  public boolean isImmutable() {
+    return isImmutable;
+  }
+
+  /** @return The number of entries in the entry array. */
+  public int getNumArrayEntries() {
+    return entryList.size();
+  }
+
+  /** @return The array entry at the given {@code index}. */
+  public Map.Entry<K, V> getArrayEntryAt(int index) {
+    return entryList.get(index);
+  }
+
+  /** @return There number of overflow entries. */
+  public int getNumOverflowEntries() {
+    return overflowEntries.size();
+  }
+
+  /** @return An iterable over the overflow entries. */
+  public Iterable<Map.Entry<K, V>> getOverflowEntries() {
+    return overflowEntries.isEmpty()
+        ? EmptySet.<Map.Entry<K, V>>iterable()
+        : overflowEntries.entrySet();
+  }
+
+  Iterable<Map.Entry<K, V>> getOverflowEntriesDescending() {
+    return overflowEntriesDescending.isEmpty()
+        ? EmptySet.<Map.Entry<K, V>>iterable()
+        : overflowEntriesDescending.entrySet();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int size() {
+    return entryList.size() + overflowEntries.size();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The implementation throws a {@code ClassCastException} if o is not an object of type {@code K}.
+   *
+   * <p>{@inheritDoc}
+   */
+  @Override
+  public boolean containsKey(Object o) {
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    final K key = (K) o;
+    return binarySearchInArray(key) >= 0 || overflowEntries.containsKey(key);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The implementation throws a {@code ClassCastException} if o is not an object of type {@code K}.
+   *
+   * <p>{@inheritDoc}
+   */
+  @Override
+  public V get(Object o) {
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    final K key = (K) o;
+    final int index = binarySearchInArray(key);
+    if (index >= 0) {
+      return entryList.get(index).getValue();
+    }
+    return overflowEntries.get(key);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public V put(K key, V value) {
+    checkMutable();
+    final int index = binarySearchInArray(key);
+    if (index >= 0) {
+      // Replace existing array entry.
+      return entryList.get(index).setValue(value);
+    }
+    ensureEntryArrayMutable();
+    final int insertionPoint = -(index + 1);
+    if (insertionPoint >= maxArraySize) {
+      // Put directly in overflow.
+      return getOverflowEntriesMutable().put(key, value);
+    }
+    // Insert new Entry in array.
+    if (entryList.size() == maxArraySize) {
+      // Shift the last array entry into overflow.
+      final Entry lastEntryInArray = entryList.remove(maxArraySize - 1);
+      getOverflowEntriesMutable().put(lastEntryInArray.getKey(), lastEntryInArray.getValue());
+    }
+    entryList.add(insertionPoint, new Entry(key, value));
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void clear() {
+    checkMutable();
+    if (!entryList.isEmpty()) {
+      entryList.clear();
+    }
+    if (!overflowEntries.isEmpty()) {
+      overflowEntries.clear();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The implementation throws a {@code ClassCastException} if o is not an object of type {@code K}.
+   *
+   * <p>{@inheritDoc}
+   */
+  @Override
+  public V remove(Object o) {
+    checkMutable();
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    final K key = (K) o;
+    final int index = binarySearchInArray(key);
+    if (index >= 0) {
+      return removeArrayEntryAt(index);
+    }
+    // overflowEntries might be Collections.unmodifiableMap(), so only
+    // call remove() if it is non-empty.
+    if (overflowEntries.isEmpty()) {
+      return null;
+    } else {
+      return overflowEntries.remove(key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private V removeArrayEntryAt(int index) {
+    checkMutable();
+    final V removed = entryList.remove(index).getValue();
+    if (!overflowEntries.isEmpty()) {
+      // Shift the first entry in the overflow to be the last entry in the
+      // array.
+      final Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> iterator = getOverflowEntriesMutable().entrySet().iterator();
+      entryList.add(new Entry(iterator.next()));
+      iterator.remove();
+    }
+    return removed;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param key The key to find in the entry array.
+   * @return The returned integer position follows the same semantics as the value returned by
+   *     {@link java.util.Arrays#binarySearch()}.
+   */
+  private int binarySearchInArray(K key) {
+    int left = 0;
+    int right = entryList.size() - 1;
+
+    // Optimization: For the common case in which entries are added in
+    // ascending tag order, check the largest element in the array before
+    // doing a full binary search.
+    if (right >= 0) {
+      int cmp = key.compareTo(entryList.get(right).getKey());
+      if (cmp > 0) {
+        return -(right + 2); // Insert point is after "right".
+      } else if (cmp == 0) {
+        return right;
+      }
+    }
+
+    while (left <= right) {
+      int mid = (left + right) / 2;
+      int cmp = key.compareTo(entryList.get(mid).getKey());
+      if (cmp < 0) {
+        right = mid - 1;
+      } else if (cmp > 0) {
+        left = mid + 1;
+      } else {
+        return mid;
+      }
+    }
+    return -(left + 1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Similar to the AbstractMap implementation of {@code keySet()} and {@code values()}, the entry
+   * set is created the first time this method is called, and returned in response to all subsequent
+   * calls.
+   *
+   * <p>{@inheritDoc}
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet() {
+    if (lazyEntrySet == null) {
+      lazyEntrySet = new EntrySet();
+    }
+    return lazyEntrySet;
+  }
+
+  Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> descendingEntrySet() {
+    if (lazyDescendingEntrySet == null) {
+      lazyDescendingEntrySet = new DescendingEntrySet();
+    }
+    return lazyDescendingEntrySet;
+  }
+
+  /** @throws UnsupportedOperationException if {@link #makeImmutable()} has has been called. */
+  private void checkMutable() {
+    if (isImmutable) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return a {@link SortedMap} to which overflow entries mappings can be added or removed.
+   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if {@link #makeImmutable()} has been called.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private SortedMap<K, V> getOverflowEntriesMutable() {
+    checkMutable();
+    if (overflowEntries.isEmpty() && !(overflowEntries instanceof TreeMap)) {
+      overflowEntries = new TreeMap<K, V>();
+      overflowEntriesDescending = ((TreeMap<K, V>) overflowEntries).descendingMap();
+    }
+    return (SortedMap<K, V>) overflowEntries;
+  }
+
+  /** Lazily creates the entry list. Any code that adds to the list must first call this method. */
+  private void ensureEntryArrayMutable() {
+    checkMutable();
+    if (entryList.isEmpty() && !(entryList instanceof ArrayList)) {
+      entryList = new ArrayList<Entry>(maxArraySize);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Entry implementation that implements Comparable in order to support binary search within the
+   * entry array. Also checks mutability in {@link #setValue()}.
+   */
+  private class Entry implements Map.Entry<K, V>, Comparable<Entry> {
+
+    private final K key;
+    private V value;
+
+    Entry(Map.Entry<K, V> copy) {
+      this(copy.getKey(), copy.getValue());
+    }
+
+    Entry(K key, V value) {
+      this.key = key;
+      this.value = value;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public K getKey() {
+      return key;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public V getValue() {
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int compareTo(Entry other) {
+      return getKey().compareTo(other.getKey());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public V setValue(V newValue) {
+      checkMutable();
+      final V oldValue = this.value;
+      this.value = newValue;
+      return oldValue;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+      if (o == this) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      Map.Entry<?, ?> other = (Map.Entry<?, ?>) o;
+      return equals(key, other.getKey()) && equals(value, other.getValue());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      return (key == null ? 0 : key.hashCode()) ^ (value == null ? 0 : value.hashCode());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return key + "=" + value;
+    }
+
+    /** equals() that handles null values. */
+    private boolean equals(Object o1, Object o2) {
+      return o1 == null ? o2 == null : o1.equals(o2);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Stateless view of the entries in the field map. */
+  private class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K, V>> {
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> iterator() {
+      return new EntryIterator();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+      return SmallSortedMap.this.size();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a {@link ClassCastException} if o is not of the expected type.
+     *
+     * <p>{@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean contains(Object o) {
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      final Map.Entry<K, V> entry = (Map.Entry<K, V>) o;
+      final V existing = get(entry.getKey());
+      final V value = entry.getValue();
+      return existing == value || (existing != null && existing.equals(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean add(Map.Entry<K, V> entry) {
+      if (!contains(entry)) {
+        put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws a {@link ClassCastException} if o is not of the expected type.
+     *
+     * <p>{@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean remove(Object o) {
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+      final Map.Entry<K, V> entry = (Map.Entry<K, V>) o;
+      if (contains(entry)) {
+        SmallSortedMap.this.remove(entry.getKey());
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clear() {
+      SmallSortedMap.this.clear();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private class DescendingEntrySet extends EntrySet {
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<java.util.Map.Entry<K, V>> iterator() {
+      return new DescendingEntryIterator();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Iterator implementation that switches from the entry array to the overflow entries
+   * appropriately.
+   */
+  private class EntryIterator implements Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> {
+
+    private int pos = -1;
+    private boolean nextCalledBeforeRemove;
+    private Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> lazyOverflowIterator;
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasNext() {
+      return (pos + 1) < entryList.size()
+          || (!overflowEntries.isEmpty() && getOverflowIterator().hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map.Entry<K, V> next() {
+      nextCalledBeforeRemove = true;
+      // Always increment pos so that we know whether the last returned value
+      // was from the array or from overflow.
+      if (++pos < entryList.size()) {
+        return entryList.get(pos);
+      }
+      return getOverflowIterator().next();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void remove() {
+      if (!nextCalledBeforeRemove) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("remove() was called before next()");
+      }
+      nextCalledBeforeRemove = false;
+      checkMutable();
+
+      if (pos < entryList.size()) {
+        removeArrayEntryAt(pos--);
+      } else {
+        getOverflowIterator().remove();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * It is important to create the overflow iterator only after the array entries have been
+     * iterated over because the overflow entry set changes when the client calls remove() on the
+     * array entries, which invalidates any existing iterators.
+     */
+    private Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> getOverflowIterator() {
+      if (lazyOverflowIterator == null) {
+        lazyOverflowIterator = overflowEntries.entrySet().iterator();
+      }
+      return lazyOverflowIterator;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reverse Iterator implementation that switches from the entry array to the overflow entries
+   * appropriately.
+   */
+  private class DescendingEntryIterator implements Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> {
+
+    private int pos = entryList.size();
+    private Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> lazyOverflowIterator;
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasNext() {
+      return (pos > 0 && pos <= entryList.size()) || getOverflowIterator().hasNext();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map.Entry<K, V> next() {
+      if (getOverflowIterator().hasNext()) {
+        return getOverflowIterator().next();
+      }
+      return entryList.get(--pos);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void remove() {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * It is important to create the overflow iterator only after the array entries have been
+     * iterated over because the overflow entry set changes when the client calls remove() on the
+     * array entries, which invalidates any existing iterators.
+     */
+    private Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> getOverflowIterator() {
+      if (lazyOverflowIterator == null) {
+        lazyOverflowIterator = overflowEntriesDescending.entrySet().iterator();
+      }
+      return lazyOverflowIterator;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper class that holds immutable instances of an Iterable/Iterator that we return when the
+   * overflow entries is empty. This eliminates the creation of an Iterator object when there is
+   * nothing to iterate over.
+   */
+  private static class EmptySet {
+
+    private static final Iterator<Object> ITERATOR =
+        new Iterator<Object>() {
+          @Override
+          public boolean hasNext() {
+            return false;
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public Object next() {
+            throw new NoSuchElementException();
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void remove() {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+        };
+
+    private static final Iterable<Object> ITERABLE =
+        new Iterable<Object>() {
+          @Override
+          public Iterator<Object> iterator() {
+            return ITERATOR;
+          }
+        };
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    static <T> Iterable<T> iterable() {
+      return (Iterable<T>) ITERABLE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!(o instanceof SmallSortedMap)) {
+      return super.equals(o);
+    }
+
+    SmallSortedMap<?, ?> other = (SmallSortedMap<?, ?>) o;
+    final int size = size();
+    if (size != other.size()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Best effort try to avoid allocating an entry set.
+    final int numArrayEntries = getNumArrayEntries();
+    if (numArrayEntries != other.getNumArrayEntries()) {
+      return entrySet().equals(other.entrySet());
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < numArrayEntries; i++) {
+      if (!getArrayEntryAt(i).equals(other.getArrayEntryAt(i))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (numArrayEntries != size) {
+      return overflowEntries.equals(other.overflowEntries);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    int h = 0;
+    final int listSize = getNumArrayEntries();
+    for (int i = 0; i < listSize; i++) {
+      h += entryList.get(i).hashCode();
+    }
+    // Avoid the iterator allocation if possible.
+    if (getNumOverflowEntries() > 0) {
+      h += overflowEntries.hashCode();
+    }
+    return h;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/StructuralMessageInfo.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/StructuralMessageInfo.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a32b1430e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/StructuralMessageInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Information for the layout of a protobuf message class. This describes all of the fields
+ * contained within a message.
+ */
+@ExperimentalApi
+final class StructuralMessageInfo implements MessageInfo {
+  private final ProtoSyntax syntax;
+  private final boolean messageSetWireFormat;
+  private final int[] checkInitialized;
+  private final FieldInfo[] fields;
+  private final MessageLite defaultInstance;
+
+  /**
+   * Constructor.
+   *
+   * @param checkInitialized fields to check in isInitialized().
+   * @param fields the set of fields for the message, in field number order.
+   */
+  StructuralMessageInfo(
+      ProtoSyntax syntax,
+      boolean messageSetWireFormat,
+      int[] checkInitialized,
+      FieldInfo[] fields,
+      Object defaultInstance) {
+    this.syntax = syntax;
+    this.messageSetWireFormat = messageSetWireFormat;
+    this.checkInitialized = checkInitialized;
+    this.fields = fields;
+    this.defaultInstance = (MessageLite) checkNotNull(defaultInstance, "defaultInstance");
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the syntax for the message (e.g. PROTO2, PROTO3). */
+  @Override
+  public ProtoSyntax getSyntax() {
+    return syntax;
+  }
+
+  /** Indicates whether or not the message should be represented with message set wire format. */
+  @Override
+  public boolean isMessageSetWireFormat() {
+    return messageSetWireFormat;
+  }
+
+  /** An array of field numbers that need to be checked for isInitialized(). */
+  public int[] getCheckInitialized() {
+    return checkInitialized;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the information for all fields within this message, sorted in ascending order by their
+   * field number.
+   */
+  public FieldInfo[] getFields() {
+    return fields;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageLite getDefaultInstance() {
+    return defaultInstance;
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method for creating a new builder for {@link MessageInfo}. */
+  public static Builder newBuilder() {
+    return new Builder();
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method for creating a new builder for {@link MessageInfo}. */
+  public static Builder newBuilder(int numFields) {
+    return new Builder(numFields);
+  }
+
+  /** A builder of {@link MessageInfo} instances. */
+  public static final class Builder {
+    private final List<FieldInfo> fields;
+    private ProtoSyntax syntax;
+    private boolean wasBuilt;
+    private boolean messageSetWireFormat;
+    private int[] checkInitialized = null;
+    private Object defaultInstance;
+
+    public Builder() {
+      fields = new ArrayList<FieldInfo>();
+    }
+
+    public Builder(int numFields) {
+      fields = new ArrayList<FieldInfo>(numFields);
+    }
+
+    public void withDefaultInstance(Object defaultInstance) {
+      this.defaultInstance = defaultInstance;
+    }
+
+    public void withSyntax(ProtoSyntax syntax) {
+      this.syntax = checkNotNull(syntax, "syntax");
+    }
+
+    public void withMessageSetWireFormat(boolean messageSetWireFormat) {
+      this.messageSetWireFormat = messageSetWireFormat;
+    }
+
+    public void withCheckInitialized(int[] checkInitialized) {
+      this.checkInitialized = checkInitialized;
+    }
+
+    public void withField(FieldInfo field) {
+      if (wasBuilt) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Builder can only build once");
+      }
+      fields.add(field);
+    }
+
+    public StructuralMessageInfo build() {
+      if (wasBuilt) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Builder can only build once");
+      }
+      if (syntax == null) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Must specify a proto syntax");
+      }
+      wasBuilt = true;
+      Collections.sort(fields);
+      return new StructuralMessageInfo(
+          syntax,
+          messageSetWireFormat,
+          checkInitialized,
+          fields.toArray(new FieldInfo[0]),
+          defaultInstance);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormat.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormat.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3f1011a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormat.java
@@ -0,0 +1,2491 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.nio.CharBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+/**
+ * Provide text parsing and formatting support for proto2 instances. The implementation largely
+ * follows google/protobuf/text_format.cc.
+ *
+ * @author wenboz@google.com Wenbo Zhu
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public final class TextFormat {
+  private TextFormat() {}
+
+  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TextFormat.class.getName());
+
+  /**
+   * Outputs a textual representation of the Protocol Message supplied into the parameter output.
+   * (This representation is the new version of the classic "ProtocolPrinter" output from the
+   * original Protocol Buffer system)
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@code printer().print(MessageOrBuilder, Appendable)}
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static void print(final MessageOrBuilder message, final Appendable output)
+      throws IOException {
+    printer().print(message, output);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Outputs a textual representation of {@code fields} to {@code output}.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@code printer().print(UnknownFieldSet, Appendable)}
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static void print(final UnknownFieldSet fields, final Appendable output)
+      throws IOException {
+    printer().print(fields, output);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Same as {@code print()}, except that non-ASCII characters are not escaped.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@code printer().escapingNonAscii(false).print(MessageOrBuilder, Appendable)}
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static void printUnicode(final MessageOrBuilder message, final Appendable output)
+      throws IOException {
+    printer().escapingNonAscii(false).print(message, output);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Same as {@code print()}, except that non-ASCII characters are not escaped.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@code printer().escapingNonAscii(false).print(UnknownFieldSet, Appendable)}
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static void printUnicode(final UnknownFieldSet fields, final Appendable output)
+      throws IOException {
+    printer().escapingNonAscii(false).print(fields, output);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generates a human readable form of this message, useful for debugging and other purposes, with
+   * no newline characters. This is just a trivial wrapper around
+   * {@link TextFormat.Printer#shortDebugString(MessageOrBuilder)}.
+   */
+  public static String shortDebugString(final MessageOrBuilder message) {
+    return printer().shortDebugString(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generates a human readable form of the field, useful for debugging and other purposes, with
+   * no newline characters.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@code printer().shortDebugString(FieldDescriptor, Object)}
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static String shortDebugString(final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value) {
+    return printer().shortDebugString(field, value);
+  }
+  //
+  /**
+   * Generates a human readable form of the unknown fields, useful for debugging and other
+   * purposes, with no newline characters.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@code printer().shortDebugString(UnknownFieldSet)}
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static String shortDebugString(final UnknownFieldSet fields) {
+    return printer().shortDebugString(fields);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@code print()}, but writes directly to a {@code String} and returns it.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link MessageOrBuilder#toString()}
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static String printToString(final MessageOrBuilder message) {
+    return printer().printToString(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@code print()}, but writes directly to a {@code String} and returns it.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link UnknownFieldSet#toString()}
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static String printToString(final UnknownFieldSet fields) {
+    return printer().printToString(fields);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Same as {@code printToString()}, except that non-ASCII characters in string type fields are not
+   * escaped in backslash+octals.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@code printer().escapingNonAscii(false).printToString(MessageOrBuilder)}
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static String printToUnicodeString(final MessageOrBuilder message) {
+    return printer().escapingNonAscii(false).printToString(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Same as {@code printToString()}, except that non-ASCII characters in string type fields are
+   * not escaped in backslash+octals.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@code printer().escapingNonAscii(false).printToString(UnknownFieldSet)}
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static String printToUnicodeString(final UnknownFieldSet fields) {
+    return printer().escapingNonAscii(false).printToString(fields);
+  }
+  //
+  /** @deprecated Use {@code printer().printField(FieldDescriptor, Object, Appendable)} */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static void printField(
+      final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value, final Appendable output)
+      throws IOException {
+    printer().printField(field, value, output);
+  }
+  //
+  /** @deprecated Use {@code printer().printFieldToString(FieldDescriptor, Object)} */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static String printFieldToString(final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value) {
+    return printer().printFieldToString(field, value);
+  }
+  //
+  /**
+   * Outputs a unicode textual representation of the value of given field value.
+   *
+   * <p>Same as {@code printFieldValue()}, except that non-ASCII characters in string type fields
+   * are not escaped in backslash+octals.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@code printer().escapingNonAscii(false).printFieldValue(FieldDescriptor,
+   *     Object, Appendable)}
+   * @param field the descriptor of the field
+   * @param value the value of the field
+   * @param output the output to which to append the formatted value
+   * @throws ClassCastException if the value is not appropriate for the given field descriptor
+   * @throws IOException if there is an exception writing to the output
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static void printUnicodeFieldValue(
+      final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value, final Appendable output)
+      throws IOException {
+    printer().escapingNonAscii(false).printFieldValue(field, value, output);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Outputs a textual representation of the value of given field value.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@code printer().printFieldValue(FieldDescriptor, Object, Appendable)}
+   * @param field the descriptor of the field
+   * @param value the value of the field
+   * @param output the output to which to append the formatted value
+   * @throws ClassCastException if the value is not appropriate for the given field descriptor
+   * @throws IOException if there is an exception writing to the output
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static void printFieldValue(
+      final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value, final Appendable output) throws IOException {
+    printer().printFieldValue(field, value, output);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Outputs a textual representation of the value of an unknown field.
+   *
+   * @param tag the field's tag number
+   * @param value the value of the field
+   * @param output the output to which to append the formatted value
+   * @throws ClassCastException if the value is not appropriate for the given field descriptor
+   * @throws IOException if there is an exception writing to the output
+   */
+  public static void printUnknownFieldValue(
+      final int tag, final Object value, final Appendable output) throws IOException {
+    printUnknownFieldValue(tag, value, multiLineOutput(output));
+  }
+
+  private static void printUnknownFieldValue(
+      final int tag, final Object value, final TextGenerator generator) throws IOException {
+    switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+        generator.print(unsignedToString((Long) value));
+        break;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+        generator.print(String.format((Locale) null, "0x%08x", (Integer) value));
+        break;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+        generator.print(String.format((Locale) null, "0x%016x", (Long) value));
+        break;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+        try {
+          // Try to parse and print the field as an embedded message
+          UnknownFieldSet message = UnknownFieldSet.parseFrom((ByteString) value);
+          generator.print("{");
+          generator.eol();
+          generator.indent();
+          Printer.printUnknownFields(message, generator);
+          generator.outdent();
+          generator.print("}");
+        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+          // If not parseable as a message, print as a String
+          generator.print("\"");
+          generator.print(escapeBytes((ByteString) value));
+          generator.print("\"");
+        }
+        break;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+        Printer.printUnknownFields((UnknownFieldSet) value, generator);
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad tag: " + tag);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Printer instance which escapes non-ASCII characters. */
+  public static Printer printer() {
+    return Printer.DEFAULT;
+  }
+
+  /** Helper class for converting protobufs to text. */
+  public static final class Printer {
+
+    // Printer instance which escapes non-ASCII characters.
+    private static final Printer DEFAULT = new Printer(true, TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry());
+
+    /** Whether to escape non ASCII characters with backslash and octal. */
+    private final boolean escapeNonAscii;
+
+    private final TypeRegistry typeRegistry;
+
+    private Printer(boolean escapeNonAscii, TypeRegistry typeRegistry) {
+      this.escapeNonAscii = escapeNonAscii;
+      this.typeRegistry = typeRegistry;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a new Printer instance with the specified escape mode.
+     *
+     * @param escapeNonAscii If true, the new Printer will escape non-ASCII characters (this is the
+     *     default behavior. If false, the new Printer will print non-ASCII characters as is. In
+     *     either case, the new Printer still escapes newlines and quotes in strings.
+     * @return a new Printer that clones all other configurations from the current {@link Printer},
+     *     with the escape mode set to the given parameter.
+     */
+    public Printer escapingNonAscii(boolean escapeNonAscii) {
+      return new Printer(escapeNonAscii, typeRegistry);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Printer} using the given typeRegistry. The new Printer clones all other
+     * configurations from the current {@link Printer}.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a registry is already set.
+     */
+    public Printer usingTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry typeRegistry) {
+      if (this.typeRegistry != TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only one typeRegistry is allowed.");
+      }
+      return new Printer(escapeNonAscii, typeRegistry);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Outputs a textual representation of the Protocol Message supplied into the parameter output.
+     * (This representation is the new version of the classic "ProtocolPrinter" output from the
+     * original Protocol Buffer system)
+     */
+    public void print(final MessageOrBuilder message, final Appendable output) throws IOException {
+      print(message, multiLineOutput(output));
+    }
+
+    /** Outputs a textual representation of {@code fields} to {@code output}. */
+    public void print(final UnknownFieldSet fields, final Appendable output) throws IOException {
+      printUnknownFields(fields, multiLineOutput(output));
+    }
+
+    private void print(final MessageOrBuilder message, final TextGenerator generator)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (message.getDescriptorForType().getFullName().equals("google.protobuf.Any")
+          && printAny(message, generator)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      printMessage(message, generator);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to print the 'google.protobuf.Any' message in a human-friendly format. Returns false
+     * if the message isn't a valid 'google.protobuf.Any' message (in which case the message should
+     * be rendered just like a regular message to help debugging).
+     */
+    private boolean printAny(final MessageOrBuilder message, final TextGenerator generator)
+        throws IOException {
+      Descriptor messageType = message.getDescriptorForType();
+      FieldDescriptor typeUrlField = messageType.findFieldByNumber(1);
+      FieldDescriptor valueField = messageType.findFieldByNumber(2);
+      if (typeUrlField == null
+          || typeUrlField.getType() != FieldDescriptor.Type.STRING
+          || valueField == null
+          || valueField.getType() != FieldDescriptor.Type.BYTES) {
+        // The message may look like an Any but isn't actually an Any message (might happen if the
+        // user tries to use DynamicMessage to construct an Any from incomplete Descriptor).
+        return false;
+      }
+      String typeUrl = (String) message.getField(typeUrlField);
+      // If type_url is not set, we will not be able to decode the content of the value, so just
+      // print out the Any like a regular message.
+      if (typeUrl.isEmpty()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      Object value = message.getField(valueField);
+
+      Message.Builder contentBuilder = null;
+      try {
+        Descriptor contentType = typeRegistry.getDescriptorForTypeUrl(typeUrl);
+        if (contentType == null) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        contentBuilder = DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(contentType).newBuilderForType();
+        contentBuilder.mergeFrom((ByteString) value);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        // The value of Any is malformed. We cannot print it out nicely, so fallback to printing out
+        // the type_url and value as bytes. Note that we fail open here to be consistent with
+        // text_format.cc, and also to allow a way for users to inspect the content of the broken
+        // message.
+        return false;
+      }
+      generator.print("[");
+      generator.print(typeUrl);
+      generator.print("] {");
+      generator.eol();
+      generator.indent();
+      print(contentBuilder, generator);
+      generator.outdent();
+      generator.print("}");
+      generator.eol();
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    public String printFieldToString(final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value) {
+      try {
+        final StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
+        printField(field, value, text);
+        return text.toString();
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    public void printField(final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value, final Appendable output)
+        throws IOException {
+      printField(field, value, multiLineOutput(output));
+    }
+
+    private void printField(
+        final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value, final TextGenerator generator)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (field.isRepeated()) {
+        // Repeated field.  Print each element.
+        for (Object element : (List<?>) value) {
+          printSingleField(field, element, generator);
+        }
+      } else {
+        printSingleField(field, value, generator);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Outputs a textual representation of the value of given field value.
+     *
+     * @param field the descriptor of the field
+     * @param value the value of the field
+     * @param output the output to which to append the formatted value
+     * @throws ClassCastException if the value is not appropriate for the given field descriptor
+     * @throws IOException if there is an exception writing to the output
+     */
+    public void printFieldValue(
+        final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value, final Appendable output)
+        throws IOException {
+      printFieldValue(field, value, multiLineOutput(output));
+    }
+
+    private void printFieldValue(
+        final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value, final TextGenerator generator)
+        throws IOException {
+      switch (field.getType()) {
+        case INT32:
+        case SINT32:
+        case SFIXED32:
+          generator.print(((Integer) value).toString());
+          break;
+
+        case INT64:
+        case SINT64:
+        case SFIXED64:
+          generator.print(((Long) value).toString());
+          break;
+
+        case BOOL:
+          generator.print(((Boolean) value).toString());
+          break;
+
+        case FLOAT:
+          generator.print(((Float) value).toString());
+          break;
+
+        case DOUBLE:
+          generator.print(((Double) value).toString());
+          break;
+
+        case UINT32:
+        case FIXED32:
+          generator.print(unsignedToString((Integer) value));
+          break;
+
+        case UINT64:
+        case FIXED64:
+          generator.print(unsignedToString((Long) value));
+          break;
+
+        case STRING:
+          generator.print("\"");
+          generator.print(
+              escapeNonAscii
+                  ? TextFormatEscaper.escapeText((String) value)
+                  : escapeDoubleQuotesAndBackslashes((String) value).replace("\n", "\\n"));
+          generator.print("\"");
+          break;
+
+        case BYTES:
+          generator.print("\"");
+          if (value instanceof ByteString) {
+            generator.print(escapeBytes((ByteString) value));
+          } else {
+            generator.print(escapeBytes((byte[]) value));
+          }
+          generator.print("\"");
+          break;
+
+        case ENUM:
+          generator.print(((EnumValueDescriptor) value).getName());
+          break;
+
+        case MESSAGE:
+        case GROUP:
+          print((Message) value, generator);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Like {@code print()}, but writes directly to a {@code String} and returns it. */
+    public String printToString(final MessageOrBuilder message) {
+      try {
+        final StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
+        print(message, text);
+        return text.toString();
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+      }
+    }
+    /** Like {@code print()}, but writes directly to a {@code String} and returns it. */
+    public String printToString(final UnknownFieldSet fields) {
+      try {
+        final StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
+        print(fields, text);
+        return text.toString();
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generates a human readable form of this message, useful for debugging and other purposes,
+     * with no newline characters.
+     */
+    public String shortDebugString(final MessageOrBuilder message) {
+      try {
+        final StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
+        print(message, singleLineOutput(text));
+        return text.toString();
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generates a human readable form of the field, useful for debugging and other purposes, with
+     * no newline characters.
+     */
+    public String shortDebugString(final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value) {
+      try {
+        final StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
+        printField(field, value, singleLineOutput(text));
+        return text.toString();
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generates a human readable form of the unknown fields, useful for debugging and other
+     * purposes, with no newline characters.
+     */
+    public String shortDebugString(final UnknownFieldSet fields) {
+      try {
+        final StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
+        printUnknownFields(fields, singleLineOutput(text));
+        return text.toString();
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static void printUnknownFieldValue(
+        final int tag, final Object value, final TextGenerator generator) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          generator.print(unsignedToString((Long) value));
+          break;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          generator.print(String.format((Locale) null, "0x%08x", (Integer) value));
+          break;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          generator.print(String.format((Locale) null, "0x%016x", (Long) value));
+          break;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          try {
+            // Try to parse and print the field as an embedded message
+            UnknownFieldSet message = UnknownFieldSet.parseFrom((ByteString) value);
+            generator.print("{");
+            generator.eol();
+            generator.indent();
+            printUnknownFields(message, generator);
+            generator.outdent();
+            generator.print("}");
+          } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+            // If not parseable as a message, print as a String
+            generator.print("\"");
+            generator.print(escapeBytes((ByteString) value));
+            generator.print("\"");
+          }
+          break;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          printUnknownFields((UnknownFieldSet) value, generator);
+          break;
+        default:
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad tag: " + tag);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void printMessage(final MessageOrBuilder message, final TextGenerator generator)
+        throws IOException {
+      for (Map.Entry<FieldDescriptor, Object> field : message.getAllFields().entrySet()) {
+        printField(field.getKey(), field.getValue(), generator);
+      }
+      printUnknownFields(message.getUnknownFields(), generator);
+    }
+
+    private void printSingleField(
+        final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value, final TextGenerator generator)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (field.isExtension()) {
+        generator.print("[");
+        // We special-case MessageSet elements for compatibility with proto1.
+        if (field.getContainingType().getOptions().getMessageSetWireFormat()
+            && (field.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE)
+            && (field.isOptional())
+            // object equality
+            && (field.getExtensionScope() == field.getMessageType())) {
+          generator.print(field.getMessageType().getFullName());
+        } else {
+          generator.print(field.getFullName());
+        }
+        generator.print("]");
+      } else {
+        if (field.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.GROUP) {
+          // Groups must be serialized with their original capitalization.
+          generator.print(field.getMessageType().getName());
+        } else {
+          generator.print(field.getName());
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        generator.print(" {");
+        generator.eol();
+        generator.indent();
+      } else {
+        generator.print(": ");
+      }
+
+      printFieldValue(field, value, generator);
+
+      if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        generator.outdent();
+        generator.print("}");
+      }
+      generator.eol();
+    }
+
+    private static void printUnknownFields(
+        final UnknownFieldSet unknownFields, final TextGenerator generator) throws IOException {
+      for (Map.Entry<Integer, UnknownFieldSet.Field> entry : unknownFields.asMap().entrySet()) {
+        final int number = entry.getKey();
+        final UnknownFieldSet.Field field = entry.getValue();
+        printUnknownField(number, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT, field.getVarintList(), generator);
+        printUnknownField(number, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32, field.getFixed32List(), generator);
+        printUnknownField(number, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64, field.getFixed64List(), generator);
+        printUnknownField(
+            number,
+            WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,
+            field.getLengthDelimitedList(),
+            generator);
+        for (final UnknownFieldSet value : field.getGroupList()) {
+          generator.print(entry.getKey().toString());
+          generator.print(" {");
+          generator.eol();
+          generator.indent();
+          printUnknownFields(value, generator);
+          generator.outdent();
+          generator.print("}");
+          generator.eol();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static void printUnknownField(
+        final int number, final int wireType, final List<?> values, final TextGenerator generator)
+        throws IOException {
+      for (final Object value : values) {
+        generator.print(String.valueOf(number));
+        generator.print(": ");
+        printUnknownFieldValue(wireType, value, generator);
+        generator.eol();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Convert an unsigned 32-bit integer to a string. */
+  public static String unsignedToString(final int value) {
+    if (value >= 0) {
+      return Integer.toString(value);
+    } else {
+      return Long.toString(value & 0x00000000FFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Convert an unsigned 64-bit integer to a string. */
+  public static String unsignedToString(final long value) {
+    if (value >= 0) {
+      return Long.toString(value);
+    } else {
+      // Pull off the most-significant bit so that BigInteger doesn't think
+      // the number is negative, then set it again using setBit().
+      return BigInteger.valueOf(value & 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL).setBit(63).toString();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static TextGenerator multiLineOutput(Appendable output) {
+    return new TextGenerator(output, false);
+  }
+
+  private static TextGenerator singleLineOutput(Appendable output) {
+    return new TextGenerator(output, true);
+  }
+
+  /** An inner class for writing text to the output stream. */
+  private static final class TextGenerator {
+    private final Appendable output;
+    private final StringBuilder indent = new StringBuilder();
+    private final boolean singleLineMode;
+    // While technically we are "at the start of a line" at the very beginning of the output, all
+    // we would do in response to this is emit the (zero length) indentation, so it has no effect.
+    // Setting it false here does however suppress an unwanted leading space in single-line mode.
+    private boolean atStartOfLine = false;
+
+    private TextGenerator(final Appendable output, boolean singleLineMode) {
+      this.output = output;
+      this.singleLineMode = singleLineMode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indent text by two spaces. After calling Indent(), two spaces will be inserted at the
+     * beginning of each line of text. Indent() may be called multiple times to produce deeper
+     * indents.
+     */
+    public void indent() {
+      indent.append("  ");
+    }
+
+    /** Reduces the current indent level by two spaces, or crashes if the indent level is zero. */
+    public void outdent() {
+      final int length = indent.length();
+      if (length == 0) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(" Outdent() without matching Indent().");
+      }
+      indent.setLength(length - 2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Print text to the output stream. Bare newlines are never expected to be passed to this
+     * method; to indicate the end of a line, call "eol()".
+     */
+    public void print(final CharSequence text) throws IOException {
+      if (atStartOfLine) {
+        atStartOfLine = false;
+        output.append(singleLineMode ? " " : indent);
+      }
+      output.append(text);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Signifies reaching the "end of the current line" in the output. In single-line mode, this
+     * does not result in a newline being emitted, but ensures that a separating space is written
+     * before the next output.
+     */
+    public void eol() throws IOException {
+      if (!singleLineMode) {
+        output.append("\n");
+      }
+      atStartOfLine = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Parsing
+
+  /**
+   * Represents a stream of tokens parsed from a {@code String}.
+   *
+   * <p>The Java standard library provides many classes that you might think would be useful for
+   * implementing this, but aren't. For example:
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>{@code java.io.StreamTokenizer}: This almost does what we want -- or, at least, something
+   *       that would get us close to what we want -- except for one fatal flaw: It automatically
+   *       un-escapes strings using Java escape sequences, which do not include all the escape
+   *       sequences we need to support (e.g. '\x').
+   *   <li>{@code java.util.Scanner}: This seems like a great way at least to parse regular
+   *       expressions out of a stream (so we wouldn't have to load the entire input into a single
+   *       string before parsing). Sadly, {@code Scanner} requires that tokens be delimited with
+   *       some delimiter. Thus, although the text "foo:" should parse to two tokens ("foo" and
+   *       ":"), {@code Scanner} would recognize it only as a single token. Furthermore, {@code
+   *       Scanner} provides no way to inspect the contents of delimiters, making it impossible to
+   *       keep track of line and column numbers.
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * <p>Luckily, Java's regular expression support does manage to be useful to us. (Barely: We need
+   * {@code Matcher.usePattern()}, which is new in Java 1.5.) So, we can use that, at least.
+   * Unfortunately, this implies that we need to have the entire input in one contiguous string.
+   */
+  private static final class Tokenizer {
+    private final CharSequence text;
+    private final Matcher matcher;
+    private String currentToken;
+
+    // The character index within this.text at which the current token begins.
+    private int pos = 0;
+
+    // The line and column numbers of the current token.
+    private int line = 0;
+    private int column = 0;
+
+    // The line and column numbers of the previous token (allows throwing
+    // errors *after* consuming).
+    private int previousLine = 0;
+    private int previousColumn = 0;
+
+    // We use possessive quantifiers (*+ and ++) because otherwise the Java
+    // regex matcher has stack overflows on large inputs.
+    private static final Pattern WHITESPACE = Pattern.compile("(\\s|(#.*$))++", Pattern.MULTILINE);
+    private static final Pattern TOKEN =
+        Pattern.compile(
+            "[a-zA-Z_][0-9a-zA-Z_+-]*+|" // an identifier
+                + "[.]?[0-9+-][0-9a-zA-Z_.+-]*+|" // a number
+                + "\"([^\"\n\\\\]|\\\\.)*+(\"|\\\\?$)|" // a double-quoted string
+                + "\'([^\'\n\\\\]|\\\\.)*+(\'|\\\\?$)", // a single-quoted string
+            Pattern.MULTILINE);
+
+    private static final Pattern DOUBLE_INFINITY =
+        Pattern.compile("-?inf(inity)?", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
+    private static final Pattern FLOAT_INFINITY =
+        Pattern.compile("-?inf(inity)?f?", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
+    private static final Pattern FLOAT_NAN = Pattern.compile("nanf?", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
+
+    /** Construct a tokenizer that parses tokens from the given text. */
+    private Tokenizer(final CharSequence text) {
+      this.text = text;
+      this.matcher = WHITESPACE.matcher(text);
+      skipWhitespace();
+      nextToken();
+    }
+
+    int getPreviousLine() {
+      return previousLine;
+    }
+
+    int getPreviousColumn() {
+      return previousColumn;
+    }
+
+    int getLine() {
+      return line;
+    }
+
+    int getColumn() {
+      return column;
+    }
+
+    /** Are we at the end of the input? */
+    public boolean atEnd() {
+      return currentToken.length() == 0;
+    }
+
+    /** Advance to the next token. */
+    public void nextToken() {
+      previousLine = line;
+      previousColumn = column;
+
+      // Advance the line counter to the current position.
+      while (pos < matcher.regionStart()) {
+        if (text.charAt(pos) == '\n') {
+          ++line;
+          column = 0;
+        } else {
+          ++column;
+        }
+        ++pos;
+      }
+
+      // Match the next token.
+      if (matcher.regionStart() == matcher.regionEnd()) {
+        // EOF
+        currentToken = "";
+      } else {
+        matcher.usePattern(TOKEN);
+        if (matcher.lookingAt()) {
+          currentToken = matcher.group();
+          matcher.region(matcher.end(), matcher.regionEnd());
+        } else {
+          // Take one character.
+          currentToken = String.valueOf(text.charAt(pos));
+          matcher.region(pos + 1, matcher.regionEnd());
+        }
+
+        skipWhitespace();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Skip over any whitespace so that the matcher region starts at the next token. */
+    private void skipWhitespace() {
+      matcher.usePattern(WHITESPACE);
+      if (matcher.lookingAt()) {
+        matcher.region(matcher.end(), matcher.regionEnd());
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token exactly matches {@code token}, consume it and return {@code true}.
+     * Otherwise, return {@code false} without doing anything.
+     */
+    public boolean tryConsume(final String token) {
+      if (currentToken.equals(token)) {
+        nextToken();
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token exactly matches {@code token}, consume it. Otherwise, throw a {@link
+     * ParseException}.
+     */
+    public void consume(final String token) throws ParseException {
+      if (!tryConsume(token)) {
+        throw parseException("Expected \"" + token + "\".");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if the next token is an integer, but does not consume it. */
+    public boolean lookingAtInteger() {
+      if (currentToken.length() == 0) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      final char c = currentToken.charAt(0);
+      return ('0' <= c && c <= '9') || c == '-' || c == '+';
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if the current token's text is equal to that specified. */
+    public boolean lookingAt(String text) {
+      return currentToken.equals(text);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is an identifier, consume it and return its value. Otherwise, throw a
+     * {@link ParseException}.
+     */
+    public String consumeIdentifier() throws ParseException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < currentToken.length(); i++) {
+        final char c = currentToken.charAt(i);
+        if (('a' <= c && c <= 'z')
+            || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z')
+            || ('0' <= c && c <= '9')
+            || (c == '_')
+            || (c == '.')) {
+          // OK
+        } else {
+          throw parseException("Expected identifier. Found '" + currentToken + "'");
+        }
+      }
+
+      final String result = currentToken;
+      nextToken();
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is an identifier, consume it and return {@code true}. Otherwise, return
+     * {@code false} without doing anything.
+     */
+    public boolean tryConsumeIdentifier() {
+      try {
+        consumeIdentifier();
+        return true;
+      } catch (ParseException e) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is a 32-bit signed integer, consume it and return its value. Otherwise,
+     * throw a {@link ParseException}.
+     */
+    public int consumeInt32() throws ParseException {
+      try {
+        final int result = parseInt32(currentToken);
+        nextToken();
+        return result;
+      } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+        throw integerParseException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is a 32-bit unsigned integer, consume it and return its value. Otherwise,
+     * throw a {@link ParseException}.
+     */
+    public int consumeUInt32() throws ParseException {
+      try {
+        final int result = parseUInt32(currentToken);
+        nextToken();
+        return result;
+      } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+        throw integerParseException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is a 64-bit signed integer, consume it and return its value. Otherwise,
+     * throw a {@link ParseException}.
+     */
+    public long consumeInt64() throws ParseException {
+      try {
+        final long result = parseInt64(currentToken);
+        nextToken();
+        return result;
+      } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+        throw integerParseException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is a 64-bit signed integer, consume it and return {@code true}. Otherwise,
+     * return {@code false} without doing anything.
+     */
+    public boolean tryConsumeInt64() {
+      try {
+        consumeInt64();
+        return true;
+      } catch (ParseException e) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is a 64-bit unsigned integer, consume it and return its value. Otherwise,
+     * throw a {@link ParseException}.
+     */
+    public long consumeUInt64() throws ParseException {
+      try {
+        final long result = parseUInt64(currentToken);
+        nextToken();
+        return result;
+      } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+        throw integerParseException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is a 64-bit unsigned integer, consume it and return {@code true}.
+     * Otherwise, return {@code false} without doing anything.
+     */
+    public boolean tryConsumeUInt64() {
+      try {
+        consumeUInt64();
+        return true;
+      } catch (ParseException e) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is a double, consume it and return its value. Otherwise, throw a {@link
+     * ParseException}.
+     */
+    public double consumeDouble() throws ParseException {
+      // We need to parse infinity and nan separately because
+      // Double.parseDouble() does not accept "inf", "infinity", or "nan".
+      if (DOUBLE_INFINITY.matcher(currentToken).matches()) {
+        final boolean negative = currentToken.startsWith("-");
+        nextToken();
+        return negative ? Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY : Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+      }
+      if (currentToken.equalsIgnoreCase("nan")) {
+        nextToken();
+        return Double.NaN;
+      }
+      try {
+        final double result = Double.parseDouble(currentToken);
+        nextToken();
+        return result;
+      } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+        throw floatParseException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is a double, consume it and return {@code true}. Otherwise, return {@code
+     * false} without doing anything.
+     */
+    public boolean tryConsumeDouble() {
+      try {
+        consumeDouble();
+        return true;
+      } catch (ParseException e) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is a float, consume it and return its value. Otherwise, throw a {@link
+     * ParseException}.
+     */
+    public float consumeFloat() throws ParseException {
+      // We need to parse infinity and nan separately because
+      // Float.parseFloat() does not accept "inf", "infinity", or "nan".
+      if (FLOAT_INFINITY.matcher(currentToken).matches()) {
+        final boolean negative = currentToken.startsWith("-");
+        nextToken();
+        return negative ? Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY : Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+      }
+      if (FLOAT_NAN.matcher(currentToken).matches()) {
+        nextToken();
+        return Float.NaN;
+      }
+      try {
+        final float result = Float.parseFloat(currentToken);
+        nextToken();
+        return result;
+      } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+        throw floatParseException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is a float, consume it and return {@code true}. Otherwise, return {@code
+     * false} without doing anything.
+     */
+    public boolean tryConsumeFloat() {
+      try {
+        consumeFloat();
+        return true;
+      } catch (ParseException e) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is a boolean, consume it and return its value. Otherwise, throw a {@link
+     * ParseException}.
+     */
+    public boolean consumeBoolean() throws ParseException {
+      if (currentToken.equals("true")
+          || currentToken.equals("True")
+          || currentToken.equals("t")
+          || currentToken.equals("1")) {
+        nextToken();
+        return true;
+      } else if (currentToken.equals("false")
+          || currentToken.equals("False")
+          || currentToken.equals("f")
+          || currentToken.equals("0")) {
+        nextToken();
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        throw parseException("Expected \"true\" or \"false\". Found \"" + currentToken + "\".");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is a string, consume it and return its (unescaped) value. Otherwise, throw
+     * a {@link ParseException}.
+     */
+    public String consumeString() throws ParseException {
+      return consumeByteString().toStringUtf8();
+    }
+
+    /** If the next token is a string, consume it and return true. Otherwise, return false. */
+    public boolean tryConsumeString() {
+      try {
+        consumeString();
+        return true;
+      } catch (ParseException e) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the next token is a string, consume it, unescape it as a {@link ByteString}, and return
+     * it. Otherwise, throw a {@link ParseException}.
+     */
+    public ByteString consumeByteString() throws ParseException {
+      List<ByteString> list = new ArrayList<ByteString>();
+      consumeByteString(list);
+      while (currentToken.startsWith("'") || currentToken.startsWith("\"")) {
+        consumeByteString(list);
+      }
+      return ByteString.copyFrom(list);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@link #consumeByteString()} but adds each token of the string to the given list. String
+     * literals (whether bytes or text) may come in multiple adjacent tokens which are automatically
+     * concatenated, like in C or Python.
+     */
+    private void consumeByteString(List<ByteString> list) throws ParseException {
+      final char quote = currentToken.length() > 0 ? currentToken.charAt(0) : '\0';
+      if (quote != '\"' && quote != '\'') {
+        throw parseException("Expected string.");
+      }
+
+      if (currentToken.length() < 2 || currentToken.charAt(currentToken.length() - 1) != quote) {
+        throw parseException("String missing ending quote.");
+      }
+
+      try {
+        final String escaped = currentToken.substring(1, currentToken.length() - 1);
+        final ByteString result = unescapeBytes(escaped);
+        nextToken();
+        list.add(result);
+      } catch (InvalidEscapeSequenceException e) {
+        throw parseException(e.getMessage());
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@link ParseException} with the current line and column numbers in the description,
+     * suitable for throwing.
+     */
+    public ParseException parseException(final String description) {
+      // Note:  People generally prefer one-based line and column numbers.
+      return new ParseException(line + 1, column + 1, description);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@link ParseException} with the line and column numbers of the previous token in
+     * the description, suitable for throwing.
+     */
+    public ParseException parseExceptionPreviousToken(final String description) {
+      // Note:  People generally prefer one-based line and column numbers.
+      return new ParseException(previousLine + 1, previousColumn + 1, description);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an appropriate {@link ParseException} for the given {@code NumberFormatException}
+     * when trying to parse an integer.
+     */
+    private ParseException integerParseException(final NumberFormatException e) {
+      return parseException("Couldn't parse integer: " + e.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an appropriate {@link ParseException} for the given {@code NumberFormatException}
+     * when trying to parse a float or double.
+     */
+    private ParseException floatParseException(final NumberFormatException e) {
+      return parseException("Couldn't parse number: " + e.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@link UnknownFieldParseException} with the line and column numbers of the previous
+     * token in the description, and the unknown field name, suitable for throwing.
+     */
+    public UnknownFieldParseException unknownFieldParseExceptionPreviousToken(
+        final String unknownField, final String description) {
+      // Note:  People generally prefer one-based line and column numbers.
+      return new UnknownFieldParseException(
+          previousLine + 1, previousColumn + 1, unknownField, description);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Thrown when parsing an invalid text format message. */
+  public static class ParseException extends IOException {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3196188060225107702L;
+
+    private final int line;
+    private final int column;
+
+    /** Create a new instance, with -1 as the line and column numbers. */
+    public ParseException(final String message) {
+      this(-1, -1, message);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new instance
+     *
+     * @param line the line number where the parse error occurred, using 1-offset.
+     * @param column the column number where the parser error occurred, using 1-offset.
+     */
+    public ParseException(final int line, final int column, final String message) {
+      super(Integer.toString(line) + ":" + column + ": " + message);
+      this.line = line;
+      this.column = column;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the line where the parse exception occurred, or -1 when none is provided. The value is
+     * specified as 1-offset, so the first line is line 1.
+     */
+    public int getLine() {
+      return line;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the column where the parse exception occurred, or -1 when none is provided. The value
+     * is specified as 1-offset, so the first line is line 1.
+     */
+    public int getColumn() {
+      return column;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Thrown when encountering an unknown field while parsing a text format message. */
+  public static class UnknownFieldParseException extends ParseException {
+    private final String unknownField;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new instance, with -1 as the line and column numbers, and an empty unknown field
+     * name.
+     */
+    public UnknownFieldParseException(final String message) {
+      this(-1, -1, "", message);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new instance
+     *
+     * @param line the line number where the parse error occurred, using 1-offset.
+     * @param column the column number where the parser error occurred, using 1-offset.
+     * @param unknownField the name of the unknown field found while parsing.
+     */
+    public UnknownFieldParseException(
+        final int line, final int column, final String unknownField, final String message) {
+      super(line, column, message);
+      this.unknownField = unknownField;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the name of the unknown field encountered while parsing the protocol buffer string.
+     */
+    public String getUnknownField() {
+      return unknownField;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static final Parser PARSER = Parser.newBuilder().build();
+
+  /**
+   * Return a {@link Parser} instance which can parse text-format messages. The returned instance is
+   * thread-safe.
+   */
+  public static Parser getParser() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+
+  /** Parse a text-format message from {@code input} and merge the contents into {@code builder}. */
+  public static void merge(final Readable input, final Message.Builder builder) throws IOException {
+    PARSER.merge(input, builder);
+  }
+
+  /** Parse a text-format message from {@code input} and merge the contents into {@code builder}. */
+  public static void merge(final CharSequence input, final Message.Builder builder)
+      throws ParseException {
+    PARSER.merge(input, builder);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse a text-format message from {@code input}.
+   *
+   * @return the parsed message, guaranteed initialized
+   */
+  public static <T extends Message> T parse(final CharSequence input, final Class<T> protoClass)
+      throws ParseException {
+    Message.Builder builder = Internal.getDefaultInstance(protoClass).newBuilderForType();
+    merge(input, builder);
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    T output = (T) builder.build();
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse a text-format message from {@code input} and merge the contents into {@code builder}.
+   * Extensions will be recognized if they are registered in {@code extensionRegistry}.
+   */
+  public static void merge(
+      final Readable input,
+      final ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry,
+      final Message.Builder builder)
+      throws IOException {
+    PARSER.merge(input, extensionRegistry, builder);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Parse a text-format message from {@code input} and merge the contents into {@code builder}.
+   * Extensions will be recognized if they are registered in {@code extensionRegistry}.
+   */
+  public static void merge(
+      final CharSequence input,
+      final ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry,
+      final Message.Builder builder)
+      throws ParseException {
+    PARSER.merge(input, extensionRegistry, builder);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse a text-format message from {@code input}. Extensions will be recognized if they are
+   * registered in {@code extensionRegistry}.
+   *
+   * @return the parsed message, guaranteed initialized
+   */
+  public static <T extends Message> T parse(
+      final CharSequence input,
+      final ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry,
+      final Class<T> protoClass)
+      throws ParseException {
+    Message.Builder builder = Internal.getDefaultInstance(protoClass).newBuilderForType();
+    merge(input, extensionRegistry, builder);
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    T output = (T) builder.build();
+    return output;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Parser for text-format proto2 instances. This class is thread-safe. The implementation largely
+   * follows google/protobuf/text_format.cc.
+   *
+   * <p>Use {@link TextFormat#getParser()} to obtain the default parser, or {@link Builder} to
+   * control the parser behavior.
+   */
+  public static class Parser {
+    /**
+     * Determines if repeated values for non-repeated fields and oneofs are permitted. For example,
+     * given required/optional field "foo" and a oneof containing "baz" and "qux":
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>"foo: 1 foo: 2"
+     *   <li>"baz: 1 qux: 2"
+     *   <li>merging "foo: 2" into a proto in which foo is already set, or
+     *   <li>merging "qux: 2" into a proto in which baz is already set.
+     * </ul>
+     */
+    public enum SingularOverwritePolicy {
+      /**
+       * Later values are merged with earlier values. For primitive fields or conflicting oneofs,
+       * the last value is retained.
+       */
+      ALLOW_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES,
+      /** An error is issued. */
+      FORBID_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES
+    }
+
+    private final TypeRegistry typeRegistry;
+    private final boolean allowUnknownFields;
+    private final boolean allowUnknownEnumValues;
+    private final boolean allowUnknownExtensions;
+    private final SingularOverwritePolicy singularOverwritePolicy;
+    private TextFormatParseInfoTree.Builder parseInfoTreeBuilder;
+
+    private Parser(
+        TypeRegistry typeRegistry,
+        boolean allowUnknownFields,
+        boolean allowUnknownEnumValues,
+        boolean allowUnknownExtensions,
+        SingularOverwritePolicy singularOverwritePolicy,
+        TextFormatParseInfoTree.Builder parseInfoTreeBuilder) {
+      this.typeRegistry = typeRegistry;
+      this.allowUnknownFields = allowUnknownFields;
+      this.allowUnknownEnumValues = allowUnknownEnumValues;
+      this.allowUnknownExtensions = allowUnknownExtensions;
+      this.singularOverwritePolicy = singularOverwritePolicy;
+      this.parseInfoTreeBuilder = parseInfoTreeBuilder;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns a new instance of {@link Builder}. */
+    public static Builder newBuilder() {
+      return new Builder();
+    }
+
+    /** Builder that can be used to obtain new instances of {@link Parser}. */
+    public static class Builder {
+      private boolean allowUnknownFields = false;
+      private boolean allowUnknownEnumValues = false;
+      private boolean allowUnknownExtensions = false;
+      private SingularOverwritePolicy singularOverwritePolicy =
+          SingularOverwritePolicy.ALLOW_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES;
+      private TextFormatParseInfoTree.Builder parseInfoTreeBuilder = null;
+      private TypeRegistry typeRegistry = TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry();
+
+      /**
+       * Sets the TypeRegistry for resolving Any. If this is not set, TextFormat will not be able to
+       * parse Any unless Any is write as bytes.
+       *
+       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a registry is already set.
+       */
+      public Builder setTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry typeRegistry) {
+        this.typeRegistry = typeRegistry;
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Set whether this parser will allow unknown fields. By default, an exception is thrown if an
+       * unknown field is encountered. If this is set, the parser will only log a warning. Allow
+       * unknown fields will also allow unknown extensions.
+       *
+       * <p>Use of this parameter is discouraged which may hide some errors (e.g.
+       * spelling error on field name).
+       */
+      public Builder setAllowUnknownFields(boolean allowUnknownFields) {
+        this.allowUnknownFields = allowUnknownFields;
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Set whether this parser will allow unknown extensions. By default, an
+       * exception is thrown if unknown extension is encountered. If this is set true,
+       * the parser will only log a warning. Allow unknown extensions does not mean
+       * allow normal unknown fields.
+       */
+      public Builder setAllowUnknownExtensions(boolean allowUnknownExtensions) {
+        this.allowUnknownExtensions = allowUnknownExtensions;
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      /** Sets parser behavior when a non-repeated field appears more than once. */
+      public Builder setSingularOverwritePolicy(SingularOverwritePolicy p) {
+        this.singularOverwritePolicy = p;
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      public Builder setParseInfoTreeBuilder(TextFormatParseInfoTree.Builder parseInfoTreeBuilder) {
+        this.parseInfoTreeBuilder = parseInfoTreeBuilder;
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      public Parser build() {
+        return new Parser(
+            typeRegistry,
+            allowUnknownFields,
+            allowUnknownEnumValues,
+            allowUnknownExtensions,
+            singularOverwritePolicy,
+            parseInfoTreeBuilder);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a text-format message from {@code input} and merge the contents into {@code builder}.
+     */
+    public void merge(final Readable input, final Message.Builder builder) throws IOException {
+      merge(input, ExtensionRegistry.getEmptyRegistry(), builder);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a text-format message from {@code input} and merge the contents into {@code builder}.
+     */
+    public void merge(final CharSequence input, final Message.Builder builder)
+        throws ParseException {
+      merge(input, ExtensionRegistry.getEmptyRegistry(), builder);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a text-format message from {@code input} and merge the contents into {@code builder}.
+     * Extensions will be recognized if they are registered in {@code extensionRegistry}.
+     */
+    public void merge(
+        final Readable input,
+        final ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry,
+        final Message.Builder builder)
+        throws IOException {
+      // Read the entire input to a String then parse that.
+
+      // If StreamTokenizer were not quite so crippled, or if there were a kind
+      // of Reader that could read in chunks that match some particular regex,
+      // or if we wanted to write a custom Reader to tokenize our stream, then
+      // we would not have to read to one big String.  Alas, none of these is
+      // the case.  Oh well.
+
+      merge(toStringBuilder(input), extensionRegistry, builder);
+    }
+
+
+    private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
+
+    // TODO(chrisn): See if working around java.io.Reader#read(CharBuffer)
+    // overhead is worthwhile
+    private static StringBuilder toStringBuilder(final Readable input) throws IOException {
+      final StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
+      final CharBuffer buffer = CharBuffer.allocate(BUFFER_SIZE);
+      while (true) {
+        final int n = input.read(buffer);
+        if (n == -1) {
+          break;
+        }
+        buffer.flip();
+        text.append(buffer, 0, n);
+      }
+      return text;
+    }
+
+    static final class UnknownField {
+      static enum Type {
+        FIELD, EXTENSION;
+      }
+
+      final String message;
+      final Type type;
+
+      UnknownField(String message, Type type) {
+        this.message = message;
+        this.type = type;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Check both unknown fields and unknown extensions and log warning messages
+    // or throw exceptions according to the flag.
+    private void checkUnknownFields(final List<UnknownField> unknownFields) throws ParseException {
+      if (unknownFields.isEmpty()) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder("Input contains unknown fields and/or extensions:");
+      for (UnknownField field : unknownFields) {
+        msg.append('\n').append(field.message);
+      }
+
+      if (allowUnknownFields) {
+        logger.warning(msg.toString());
+        return;
+      }
+
+      int firstErrorIndex = 0;
+      if (allowUnknownExtensions) {
+        boolean allUnknownExtensions = true;
+        for (UnknownField field : unknownFields) {
+          if (field.type == UnknownField.Type.FIELD) {
+            allUnknownExtensions = false;
+            break;
+          }
+          ++firstErrorIndex;
+        }
+        if (allUnknownExtensions) {
+          logger.warning(msg.toString());
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      String[] lineColumn = unknownFields.get(firstErrorIndex).message.split(":");
+      throw new ParseException(
+          Integer.parseInt(lineColumn[0]), Integer.parseInt(lineColumn[1]), msg.toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a text-format message from {@code input} and merge the contents into {@code builder}.
+     * Extensions will be recognized if they are registered in {@code extensionRegistry}.
+     */
+    public void merge(
+        final CharSequence input,
+        final ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry,
+        final Message.Builder builder)
+        throws ParseException {
+      final Tokenizer tokenizer = new Tokenizer(input);
+      MessageReflection.BuilderAdapter target = new MessageReflection.BuilderAdapter(builder);
+
+      List<UnknownField> unknownFields = new ArrayList<UnknownField>();
+
+      while (!tokenizer.atEnd()) {
+        mergeField(tokenizer, extensionRegistry, target, unknownFields);
+      }
+
+      checkUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+    }
+
+
+    /** Parse a single field from {@code tokenizer} and merge it into {@code builder}. */
+    private void mergeField(
+        final Tokenizer tokenizer,
+        final ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry,
+        final MessageReflection.MergeTarget target,
+        List<UnknownField> unknownFields)
+        throws ParseException {
+      mergeField(
+          tokenizer,
+          extensionRegistry,
+          target,
+          parseInfoTreeBuilder,
+          unknownFields);
+    }
+
+    /** Parse a single field from {@code tokenizer} and merge it into {@code target}. */
+    private void mergeField(
+        final Tokenizer tokenizer,
+        final ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry,
+        final MessageReflection.MergeTarget target,
+        TextFormatParseInfoTree.Builder parseTreeBuilder,
+        List<UnknownField> unknownFields)
+        throws ParseException {
+      FieldDescriptor field = null;
+      int startLine = tokenizer.getLine();
+      int startColumn = tokenizer.getColumn();
+      final Descriptor type = target.getDescriptorForType();
+      ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo extension = null;
+
+      if (tokenizer.tryConsume("[")) {
+        // An extension.
+        final StringBuilder name = new StringBuilder(tokenizer.consumeIdentifier());
+        while (tokenizer.tryConsume(".")) {
+          name.append('.');
+          name.append(tokenizer.consumeIdentifier());
+        }
+
+        extension = target.findExtensionByName(extensionRegistry, name.toString());
+
+        if (extension == null) {
+          String message =
+              (tokenizer.getPreviousLine() + 1)
+                  + ":"
+                  + (tokenizer.getPreviousColumn() + 1)
+                  + ":\t"
+                  + type.getFullName()
+                  + ".["
+                  + name
+                  + "]";
+          unknownFields.add(new UnknownField(message, UnknownField.Type.EXTENSION));
+        } else {
+          if (extension.descriptor.getContainingType() != type) {
+            throw tokenizer.parseExceptionPreviousToken(
+                "Extension \""
+                    + name
+                    + "\" does not extend message type \""
+                    + type.getFullName()
+                    + "\".");
+          }
+          field = extension.descriptor;
+        }
+
+        tokenizer.consume("]");
+      } else {
+        final String name = tokenizer.consumeIdentifier();
+        field = type.findFieldByName(name);
+
+        // Group names are expected to be capitalized as they appear in the
+        // .proto file, which actually matches their type names, not their field
+        // names.
+        if (field == null) {
+          // Explicitly specify US locale so that this code does not break when
+          // executing in Turkey.
+          final String lowerName = name.toLowerCase(Locale.US);
+          field = type.findFieldByName(lowerName);
+          // If the case-insensitive match worked but the field is NOT a group,
+          if (field != null && field.getType() != FieldDescriptor.Type.GROUP) {
+            field = null;
+          }
+        }
+        // Again, special-case group names as described above.
+        if (field != null
+            && field.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.GROUP
+            && !field.getMessageType().getName().equals(name)) {
+          field = null;
+        }
+
+        if (field == null) {
+          String message = (tokenizer.getPreviousLine() + 1)
+                           + ":"
+                           + (tokenizer.getPreviousColumn() + 1)
+                           + ":\t"
+                           + type.getFullName()
+                           + "."
+                           + name;
+          unknownFields.add(new UnknownField(message, UnknownField.Type.FIELD));
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Skips unknown fields.
+      if (field == null) {
+        // Try to guess the type of this field.
+        // If this field is not a message, there should be a ":" between the
+        // field name and the field value and also the field value should not
+        // start with "{" or "<" which indicates the beginning of a message body.
+        // If there is no ":" or there is a "{" or "<" after ":", this field has
+        // to be a message or the input is ill-formed.
+        if (tokenizer.tryConsume(":") && !tokenizer.lookingAt("{") && !tokenizer.lookingAt("<")) {
+          skipFieldValue(tokenizer);
+        } else {
+          skipFieldMessage(tokenizer);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Handle potential ':'.
+      if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        tokenizer.tryConsume(":"); // optional
+        if (parseTreeBuilder != null) {
+          TextFormatParseInfoTree.Builder childParseTreeBuilder =
+              parseTreeBuilder.getBuilderForSubMessageField(field);
+          consumeFieldValues(
+              tokenizer,
+              extensionRegistry,
+              target,
+              field,
+              extension,
+              childParseTreeBuilder,
+              unknownFields);
+        } else {
+          consumeFieldValues(
+              tokenizer,
+              extensionRegistry,
+              target,
+              field,
+              extension,
+              parseTreeBuilder,
+              unknownFields);
+        }
+      } else {
+        tokenizer.consume(":"); // required
+        consumeFieldValues(
+            tokenizer,
+            extensionRegistry,
+            target,
+            field,
+            extension,
+            parseTreeBuilder,
+            unknownFields);
+      }
+
+      if (parseTreeBuilder != null) {
+        parseTreeBuilder.setLocation(field, TextFormatParseLocation.create(startLine, startColumn));
+      }
+
+      // For historical reasons, fields may optionally be separated by commas or
+      // semicolons.
+      if (!tokenizer.tryConsume(";")) {
+        tokenizer.tryConsume(",");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a one or more field values from {@code tokenizer} and merge it into {@code builder}.
+     */
+    private void consumeFieldValues(
+        final Tokenizer tokenizer,
+        final ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry,
+        final MessageReflection.MergeTarget target,
+        final FieldDescriptor field,
+        final ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo extension,
+        final TextFormatParseInfoTree.Builder parseTreeBuilder,
+        List<UnknownField> unknownFields)
+        throws ParseException {
+      // Support specifying repeated field values as a comma-separated list.
+      // Ex."foo: [1, 2, 3]"
+      if (field.isRepeated() && tokenizer.tryConsume("[")) {
+        if (!tokenizer.tryConsume("]")) { // Allow "foo: []" to be treated as empty.
+          while (true) {
+            consumeFieldValue(
+                tokenizer,
+                extensionRegistry,
+                target,
+                field,
+                extension,
+                parseTreeBuilder,
+                unknownFields);
+            if (tokenizer.tryConsume("]")) {
+              // End of list.
+              break;
+            }
+            tokenizer.consume(",");
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        consumeFieldValue(
+            tokenizer,
+            extensionRegistry,
+            target,
+            field,
+            extension,
+            parseTreeBuilder,
+            unknownFields);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Parse a single field value from {@code tokenizer} and merge it into {@code builder}. */
+    private void consumeFieldValue(
+        final Tokenizer tokenizer,
+        final ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry,
+        final MessageReflection.MergeTarget target,
+        final FieldDescriptor field,
+        final ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo extension,
+        final TextFormatParseInfoTree.Builder parseTreeBuilder,
+        List<UnknownField> unknownFields)
+        throws ParseException {
+      if (singularOverwritePolicy == SingularOverwritePolicy.FORBID_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES
+          && !field.isRepeated()) {
+        if (target.hasField(field)) {
+          throw tokenizer.parseExceptionPreviousToken(
+              "Non-repeated field \"" + field.getFullName() + "\" cannot be overwritten.");
+        } else if (field.getContainingOneof() != null
+            && target.hasOneof(field.getContainingOneof())) {
+          Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof = field.getContainingOneof();
+          throw tokenizer.parseExceptionPreviousToken(
+              "Field \""
+                  + field.getFullName()
+                  + "\" is specified along with field \""
+                  + target.getOneofFieldDescriptor(oneof).getFullName()
+                  + "\", another member of oneof \""
+                  + oneof.getName()
+                  + "\".");
+        }
+      }
+
+      Object value = null;
+
+      if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        final String endToken;
+        if (tokenizer.tryConsume("<")) {
+          endToken = ">";
+        } else {
+          tokenizer.consume("{");
+          endToken = "}";
+        }
+
+        // Try to parse human readable format of Any in the form: [type_url]: { ... }
+        if (field.getMessageType().getFullName().equals("google.protobuf.Any")
+            && tokenizer.tryConsume("[")) {
+          value =
+              consumeAnyFieldValue(
+                  tokenizer, extensionRegistry, field, parseTreeBuilder, unknownFields);
+          tokenizer.consume(endToken);
+        } else {
+          Message defaultInstance = (extension == null) ? null : extension.defaultInstance;
+          MessageReflection.MergeTarget subField =
+              target.newMergeTargetForField(field, defaultInstance);
+
+          while (!tokenizer.tryConsume(endToken)) {
+            if (tokenizer.atEnd()) {
+              throw tokenizer.parseException("Expected \"" + endToken + "\".");
+            }
+            mergeField(tokenizer, extensionRegistry, subField, parseTreeBuilder, unknownFields);
+          }
+
+          value = subField.finish();
+        }
+
+      } else {
+        switch (field.getType()) {
+          case INT32:
+          case SINT32:
+          case SFIXED32:
+            value = tokenizer.consumeInt32();
+            break;
+
+          case INT64:
+          case SINT64:
+          case SFIXED64:
+            value = tokenizer.consumeInt64();
+            break;
+
+          case UINT32:
+          case FIXED32:
+            value = tokenizer.consumeUInt32();
+            break;
+
+          case UINT64:
+          case FIXED64:
+            value = tokenizer.consumeUInt64();
+            break;
+
+          case FLOAT:
+            value = tokenizer.consumeFloat();
+            break;
+
+          case DOUBLE:
+            value = tokenizer.consumeDouble();
+            break;
+
+          case BOOL:
+            value = tokenizer.consumeBoolean();
+            break;
+
+          case STRING:
+            value = tokenizer.consumeString();
+            break;
+
+          case BYTES:
+            value = tokenizer.consumeByteString();
+            break;
+
+          case ENUM:
+            final EnumDescriptor enumType = field.getEnumType();
+
+            if (tokenizer.lookingAtInteger()) {
+              final int number = tokenizer.consumeInt32();
+              value = enumType.findValueByNumber(number);
+              if (value == null) {
+                String unknownValueMsg =
+                    "Enum type \""
+                        + enumType.getFullName()
+                        + "\" has no value with number "
+                        + number
+                        + '.';
+                if (allowUnknownEnumValues) {
+                  logger.warning(unknownValueMsg);
+                  return;
+                } else {
+                  throw tokenizer.parseExceptionPreviousToken(
+                      "Enum type \""
+                          + enumType.getFullName()
+                          + "\" has no value with number "
+                          + number
+                          + '.');
+                }
+              }
+            } else {
+              final String id = tokenizer.consumeIdentifier();
+              value = enumType.findValueByName(id);
+              if (value == null) {
+                String unknownValueMsg =
+                    "Enum type \""
+                        + enumType.getFullName()
+                        + "\" has no value named \""
+                        + id
+                        + "\".";
+                if (allowUnknownEnumValues) {
+                  logger.warning(unknownValueMsg);
+                  return;
+                } else {
+                  throw tokenizer.parseExceptionPreviousToken(unknownValueMsg);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+          case MESSAGE:
+          case GROUP:
+            throw new RuntimeException("Can't get here.");
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (field.isRepeated()) {
+        // TODO(b/29122459): If field.isMapField() and FORBID_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES mode,
+        //     check for duplicate map keys here.
+        target.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+      } else {
+        target.setField(field, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private Object consumeAnyFieldValue(
+        final Tokenizer tokenizer,
+        final ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry,
+        final FieldDescriptor field,
+        final TextFormatParseInfoTree.Builder parseTreeBuilder,
+        List<UnknownField> unknownFields)
+        throws ParseException {
+      // Try to parse human readable format of Any in the form: [type_url]: { ... }
+      StringBuilder typeUrlBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+      // Parse the type_url inside [].
+      while (true) {
+        typeUrlBuilder.append(tokenizer.consumeIdentifier());
+        if (tokenizer.tryConsume("]")) {
+          break;
+        }
+        if (tokenizer.tryConsume("/")) {
+          typeUrlBuilder.append("/");
+        } else if (tokenizer.tryConsume(".")) {
+          typeUrlBuilder.append(".");
+        } else {
+          throw tokenizer.parseExceptionPreviousToken("Expected a valid type URL.");
+        }
+      }
+      tokenizer.tryConsume(":");
+      final String anyEndToken;
+      if (tokenizer.tryConsume("<")) {
+        anyEndToken = ">";
+      } else {
+        tokenizer.consume("{");
+        anyEndToken = "}";
+      }
+      String typeUrl = typeUrlBuilder.toString();
+      Descriptor contentType = null;
+      try {
+        contentType = typeRegistry.getDescriptorForTypeUrl(typeUrl);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw tokenizer.parseException("Invalid valid type URL. Found: " + typeUrl);
+      }
+      if (contentType == null) {
+        throw tokenizer.parseException(
+            "Unable to parse Any of type: "
+                + typeUrl
+                + ". Please make sure that the TypeRegistry contains the descriptors for the given"
+                + " types.");
+      }
+      Message.Builder contentBuilder =
+          DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(contentType).newBuilderForType();
+      MessageReflection.BuilderAdapter contentTarget =
+          new MessageReflection.BuilderAdapter(contentBuilder);
+      while (!tokenizer.tryConsume(anyEndToken)) {
+        mergeField(tokenizer, extensionRegistry, contentTarget, parseTreeBuilder, unknownFields);
+      }
+
+      // Serialize the content and put it back into an Any. Note that we can't depend on Any here
+      // because of a cyclic dependency (java_proto_library for any_java_proto depends on the
+      // protobuf_impl), so we need to construct the Any using proto reflection.
+      Descriptor anyDescriptor = field.getMessageType();
+      Message.Builder anyBuilder =
+          DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(anyDescriptor).newBuilderForType();
+      anyBuilder.setField(anyDescriptor.findFieldByName("type_url"), typeUrlBuilder.toString());
+      anyBuilder.setField(
+          anyDescriptor.findFieldByName("value"), contentBuilder.build().toByteString());
+
+      return anyBuilder.build();
+    }
+
+    /** Skips the next field including the field's name and value. */
+    private void skipField(Tokenizer tokenizer) throws ParseException {
+      if (tokenizer.tryConsume("[")) {
+        // Extension name.
+        do {
+          tokenizer.consumeIdentifier();
+        } while (tokenizer.tryConsume("."));
+        tokenizer.consume("]");
+      } else {
+        tokenizer.consumeIdentifier();
+      }
+
+      // Try to guess the type of this field.
+      // If this field is not a message, there should be a ":" between the
+      // field name and the field value and also the field value should not
+      // start with "{" or "<" which indicates the beginning of a message body.
+      // If there is no ":" or there is a "{" or "<" after ":", this field has
+      // to be a message or the input is ill-formed.
+      if (tokenizer.tryConsume(":") && !tokenizer.lookingAt("<") && !tokenizer.lookingAt("{")) {
+        skipFieldValue(tokenizer);
+      } else {
+        skipFieldMessage(tokenizer);
+      }
+      // For historical reasons, fields may optionally be separated by commas or
+      // semicolons.
+      if (!tokenizer.tryConsume(";")) {
+        tokenizer.tryConsume(",");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Skips the whole body of a message including the beginning delimiter and the ending delimiter.
+     */
+    private void skipFieldMessage(Tokenizer tokenizer) throws ParseException {
+      final String delimiter;
+      if (tokenizer.tryConsume("<")) {
+        delimiter = ">";
+      } else {
+        tokenizer.consume("{");
+        delimiter = "}";
+      }
+      while (!tokenizer.lookingAt(">") && !tokenizer.lookingAt("}")) {
+        skipField(tokenizer);
+      }
+      tokenizer.consume(delimiter);
+    }
+
+    /** Skips a field value. */
+    private void skipFieldValue(Tokenizer tokenizer) throws ParseException {
+      if (tokenizer.tryConsumeString()) {
+        while (tokenizer.tryConsumeString()) {}
+        return;
+      }
+      if (!tokenizer.tryConsumeIdentifier() // includes enum & boolean
+          && !tokenizer.tryConsumeInt64() // includes int32
+          && !tokenizer.tryConsumeUInt64() // includes uint32
+          && !tokenizer.tryConsumeDouble()
+          && !tokenizer.tryConsumeFloat()) {
+        throw tokenizer.parseException("Invalid field value: " + tokenizer.currentToken);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Utility functions
+  //
+  // Some of these methods are package-private because Descriptors.java uses
+  // them.
+
+  /**
+   * Escapes bytes in the format used in protocol buffer text format, which is the same as the
+   * format used for C string literals. All bytes that are not printable 7-bit ASCII characters are
+   * escaped, as well as backslash, single-quote, and double-quote characters. Characters for which
+   * no defined short-hand escape sequence is defined will be escaped using 3-digit octal sequences.
+   */
+  public static String escapeBytes(ByteString input) {
+    return TextFormatEscaper.escapeBytes(input);
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #escapeBytes(ByteString)}, but used for byte array. */
+  public static String escapeBytes(byte[] input) {
+    return TextFormatEscaper.escapeBytes(input);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Un-escape a byte sequence as escaped using {@link #escapeBytes(ByteString)}. Two-digit hex
+   * escapes (starting with "\x") are also recognized.
+   */
+  public static ByteString unescapeBytes(final CharSequence charString)
+      throws InvalidEscapeSequenceException {
+    // First convert the Java character sequence to UTF-8 bytes.
+    ByteString input = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(charString.toString());
+    // Then unescape certain byte sequences introduced by ASCII '\\'.  The valid
+    // escapes can all be expressed with ASCII characters, so it is safe to
+    // operate on bytes here.
+    //
+    // Unescaping the input byte array will result in a byte sequence that's no
+    // longer than the input.  That's because each escape sequence is between
+    // two and four bytes long and stands for a single byte.
+    final byte[] result = new byte[input.size()];
+    int pos = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+      byte c = input.byteAt(i);
+      if (c == '\\') {
+        if (i + 1 < input.size()) {
+          ++i;
+          c = input.byteAt(i);
+          if (isOctal(c)) {
+            // Octal escape.
+            int code = digitValue(c);
+            if (i + 1 < input.size() && isOctal(input.byteAt(i + 1))) {
+              ++i;
+              code = code * 8 + digitValue(input.byteAt(i));
+            }
+            if (i + 1 < input.size() && isOctal(input.byteAt(i + 1))) {
+              ++i;
+              code = code * 8 + digitValue(input.byteAt(i));
+            }
+            // TODO: Check that 0 <= code && code <= 0xFF.
+            result[pos++] = (byte) code;
+          } else {
+            switch (c) {
+              case 'a':
+                result[pos++] = 0x07;
+                break;
+              case 'b':
+                result[pos++] = '\b';
+                break;
+              case 'f':
+                result[pos++] = '\f';
+                break;
+              case 'n':
+                result[pos++] = '\n';
+                break;
+              case 'r':
+                result[pos++] = '\r';
+                break;
+              case 't':
+                result[pos++] = '\t';
+                break;
+              case 'v':
+                result[pos++] = 0x0b;
+                break;
+              case '\\':
+                result[pos++] = '\\';
+                break;
+              case '\'':
+                result[pos++] = '\'';
+                break;
+              case '"':
+                result[pos++] = '\"';
+                break;
+
+              case 'x':
+                // hex escape
+                int code = 0;
+                if (i + 1 < input.size() && isHex(input.byteAt(i + 1))) {
+                  ++i;
+                  code = digitValue(input.byteAt(i));
+                } else {
+                  throw new InvalidEscapeSequenceException(
+                      "Invalid escape sequence: '\\x' with no digits");
+                }
+                if (i + 1 < input.size() && isHex(input.byteAt(i + 1))) {
+                  ++i;
+                  code = code * 16 + digitValue(input.byteAt(i));
+                }
+                result[pos++] = (byte) code;
+                break;
+
+              default:
+                throw new InvalidEscapeSequenceException(
+                    "Invalid escape sequence: '\\" + (char) c + '\'');
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          throw new InvalidEscapeSequenceException(
+              "Invalid escape sequence: '\\' at end of string.");
+        }
+      } else {
+        result[pos++] = c;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return result.length == pos
+        ? ByteString.wrap(result) // This reference has not been out of our control.
+        : ByteString.copyFrom(result, 0, pos);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Thrown by {@link TextFormat#unescapeBytes} and {@link TextFormat#unescapeText} when an invalid
+   * escape sequence is seen.
+   */
+  public static class InvalidEscapeSequenceException extends IOException {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -8164033650142593304L;
+
+    InvalidEscapeSequenceException(final String description) {
+      super(description);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #escapeBytes(ByteString)}, but escapes a text string. Non-ASCII characters are
+   * first encoded as UTF-8, then each byte is escaped individually as a 3-digit octal escape. Yes,
+   * it's weird.
+   */
+  static String escapeText(final String input) {
+    return escapeBytes(ByteString.copyFromUtf8(input));
+  }
+
+  /** Escape double quotes and backslashes in a String for emittingUnicode output of a message. */
+  public static String escapeDoubleQuotesAndBackslashes(final String input) {
+    return TextFormatEscaper.escapeDoubleQuotesAndBackslashes(input);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Un-escape a text string as escaped using {@link #escapeText(String)}. Two-digit hex escapes
+   * (starting with "\x") are also recognized.
+   */
+  static String unescapeText(final String input) throws InvalidEscapeSequenceException {
+    return unescapeBytes(input).toStringUtf8();
+  }
+
+  /** Is this an octal digit? */
+  private static boolean isOctal(final byte c) {
+    return '0' <= c && c <= '7';
+  }
+
+  /** Is this a hex digit? */
+  private static boolean isHex(final byte c) {
+    return ('0' <= c && c <= '9') || ('a' <= c && c <= 'f') || ('A' <= c && c <= 'F');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Interpret a character as a digit (in any base up to 36) and return the numeric value. This is
+   * like {@code Character.digit()} but we don't accept non-ASCII digits.
+   */
+  private static int digitValue(final byte c) {
+    if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
+      return c - '0';
+    } else if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') {
+      return c - 'a' + 10;
+    } else {
+      return c - 'A' + 10;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse a 32-bit signed integer from the text. Unlike the Java standard {@code
+   * Integer.parseInt()}, this function recognizes the prefixes "0x" and "0" to signify hexadecimal
+   * and octal numbers, respectively.
+   */
+  static int parseInt32(final String text) throws NumberFormatException {
+    return (int) parseInteger(text, true, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse a 32-bit unsigned integer from the text. Unlike the Java standard {@code
+   * Integer.parseInt()}, this function recognizes the prefixes "0x" and "0" to signify hexadecimal
+   * and octal numbers, respectively. The result is coerced to a (signed) {@code int} when returned
+   * since Java has no unsigned integer type.
+   */
+  static int parseUInt32(final String text) throws NumberFormatException {
+    return (int) parseInteger(text, false, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse a 64-bit signed integer from the text. Unlike the Java standard {@code
+   * Integer.parseInt()}, this function recognizes the prefixes "0x" and "0" to signify hexadecimal
+   * and octal numbers, respectively.
+   */
+  static long parseInt64(final String text) throws NumberFormatException {
+    return parseInteger(text, true, true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse a 64-bit unsigned integer from the text. Unlike the Java standard {@code
+   * Integer.parseInt()}, this function recognizes the prefixes "0x" and "0" to signify hexadecimal
+   * and octal numbers, respectively. The result is coerced to a (signed) {@code long} when returned
+   * since Java has no unsigned long type.
+   */
+  static long parseUInt64(final String text) throws NumberFormatException {
+    return parseInteger(text, false, true);
+  }
+
+  private static long parseInteger(final String text, final boolean isSigned, final boolean isLong)
+      throws NumberFormatException {
+    int pos = 0;
+
+    boolean negative = false;
+    if (text.startsWith("-", pos)) {
+      if (!isSigned) {
+        throw new NumberFormatException("Number must be positive: " + text);
+      }
+      ++pos;
+      negative = true;
+    }
+
+    int radix = 10;
+    if (text.startsWith("0x", pos)) {
+      pos += 2;
+      radix = 16;
+    } else if (text.startsWith("0", pos)) {
+      radix = 8;
+    }
+
+    final String numberText = text.substring(pos);
+
+    long result = 0;
+    if (numberText.length() < 16) {
+      // Can safely assume no overflow.
+      result = Long.parseLong(numberText, radix);
+      if (negative) {
+        result = -result;
+      }
+
+      // Check bounds.
+      // No need to check for 64-bit numbers since they'd have to be 16 chars
+      // or longer to overflow.
+      if (!isLong) {
+        if (isSigned) {
+          if (result > Integer.MAX_VALUE || result < Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
+            throw new NumberFormatException(
+                "Number out of range for 32-bit signed integer: " + text);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (result >= (1L << 32) || result < 0) {
+            throw new NumberFormatException(
+                "Number out of range for 32-bit unsigned integer: " + text);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      BigInteger bigValue = new BigInteger(numberText, radix);
+      if (negative) {
+        bigValue = bigValue.negate();
+      }
+
+      // Check bounds.
+      if (!isLong) {
+        if (isSigned) {
+          if (bigValue.bitLength() > 31) {
+            throw new NumberFormatException(
+                "Number out of range for 32-bit signed integer: " + text);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (bigValue.bitLength() > 32) {
+            throw new NumberFormatException(
+                "Number out of range for 32-bit unsigned integer: " + text);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (isSigned) {
+          if (bigValue.bitLength() > 63) {
+            throw new NumberFormatException(
+                "Number out of range for 64-bit signed integer: " + text);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (bigValue.bitLength() > 64) {
+            throw new NumberFormatException(
+                "Number out of range for 64-bit unsigned integer: " + text);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      result = bigValue.longValue();
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatEscaper.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatEscaper.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2501ec936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatEscaper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/** Provide text format escaping support for proto2 instances. */
+final class TextFormatEscaper {
+  private TextFormatEscaper() {}
+
+  private interface ByteSequence {
+    int size();
+
+    byte byteAt(int offset);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Escapes bytes in the format used in protocol buffer text format, which is the same as the
+   * format used for C string literals. All bytes that are not printable 7-bit ASCII characters are
+   * escaped, as well as backslash, single-quote, and double-quote characters. Characters for which
+   * no defined short-hand escape sequence is defined will be escaped using 3-digit octal sequences.
+   */
+  static String escapeBytes(final ByteSequence input) {
+    final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(input.size());
+    for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+      final byte b = input.byteAt(i);
+      switch (b) {
+          // Java does not recognize \a or \v, apparently.
+        case 0x07:
+          builder.append("\\a");
+          break;
+        case '\b':
+          builder.append("\\b");
+          break;
+        case '\f':
+          builder.append("\\f");
+          break;
+        case '\n':
+          builder.append("\\n");
+          break;
+        case '\r':
+          builder.append("\\r");
+          break;
+        case '\t':
+          builder.append("\\t");
+          break;
+        case 0x0b:
+          builder.append("\\v");
+          break;
+        case '\\':
+          builder.append("\\\\");
+          break;
+        case '\'':
+          builder.append("\\\'");
+          break;
+        case '"':
+          builder.append("\\\"");
+          break;
+        default:
+          // Only ASCII characters between 0x20 (space) and 0x7e (tilde) are
+          // printable.  Other byte values must be escaped.
+          if (b >= 0x20 && b <= 0x7e) {
+            builder.append((char) b);
+          } else {
+            builder.append('\\');
+            builder.append((char) ('0' + ((b >>> 6) & 3)));
+            builder.append((char) ('0' + ((b >>> 3) & 7)));
+            builder.append((char) ('0' + (b & 7)));
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+    return builder.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Escapes bytes in the format used in protocol buffer text format, which is the same as the
+   * format used for C string literals. All bytes that are not printable 7-bit ASCII characters are
+   * escaped, as well as backslash, single-quote, and double-quote characters. Characters for which
+   * no defined short-hand escape sequence is defined will be escaped using 3-digit octal sequences.
+   */
+  static String escapeBytes(final ByteString input) {
+    return escapeBytes(
+        new ByteSequence() {
+          @Override
+          public int size() {
+            return input.size();
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public byte byteAt(int offset) {
+            return input.byteAt(offset);
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  /** Like {@link #escapeBytes(ByteString)}, but used for byte array. */
+  static String escapeBytes(final byte[] input) {
+    return escapeBytes(
+        new ByteSequence() {
+          @Override
+          public int size() {
+            return input.length;
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public byte byteAt(int offset) {
+            return input[offset];
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Like {@link #escapeBytes(ByteString)}, but escapes a text string. Non-ASCII characters are
+   * first encoded as UTF-8, then each byte is escaped individually as a 3-digit octal escape. Yes,
+   * it's weird.
+   */
+  static String escapeText(final String input) {
+    return escapeBytes(ByteString.copyFromUtf8(input));
+  }
+
+  /** Escape double quotes and backslashes in a String for unicode output of a message. */
+  static String escapeDoubleQuotesAndBackslashes(final String input) {
+    return input.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace("\"", "\\\"");
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseInfoTree.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseInfoTree.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ce9f783a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseInfoTree.java
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+
+/**
+ * Data structure which is populated with the locations of each field value parsed from the text.
+ *
+ * <p>The locations of primary fields values are retrieved by {@code getLocation} or {@code
+ * getLocations}. The locations of sub message values are within nested {@code
+ * TextFormatParseInfoTree}s and are retrieve by {@code getNestedTree} or {@code getNestedTrees}.
+ *
+ * <p>The {@code TextFormatParseInfoTree} is created by a Builder.
+ */
+public class TextFormatParseInfoTree {
+
+  // Defines a mapping between each field's descriptor to the list of locations where
+  // its value(s) were was encountered.
+  private Map<FieldDescriptor, List<TextFormatParseLocation>> locationsFromField;
+
+  // Defines a mapping between a field's descriptor to a list of TextFormatParseInfoTrees for
+  // sub message location information.
+  Map<FieldDescriptor, List<TextFormatParseInfoTree>> subtreesFromField;
+
+  /**
+   * Construct a {@code TextFormatParseInfoTree}.
+   *
+   * @param locationsFromField a map of fields to location in the source code
+   * @param subtreeBuildersFromField a map of fields to parse tree location information builders
+   */
+  private TextFormatParseInfoTree(
+      Map<FieldDescriptor, List<TextFormatParseLocation>> locationsFromField,
+      Map<FieldDescriptor, List<TextFormatParseInfoTree.Builder>> subtreeBuildersFromField) {
+
+    // The maps are unmodifiable.  The values in the maps are unmodifiable.
+    Map<FieldDescriptor, List<TextFormatParseLocation>> locs =
+        new HashMap<FieldDescriptor, List<TextFormatParseLocation>>();
+    for (Entry<FieldDescriptor, List<TextFormatParseLocation>> kv : locationsFromField.entrySet()) {
+      locs.put(kv.getKey(), Collections.unmodifiableList(kv.getValue()));
+    }
+    this.locationsFromField = Collections.unmodifiableMap(locs);
+
+    Map<FieldDescriptor, List<TextFormatParseInfoTree>> subs =
+        new HashMap<FieldDescriptor, List<TextFormatParseInfoTree>>();
+    for (Entry<FieldDescriptor, List<Builder>> kv : subtreeBuildersFromField.entrySet()) {
+      List<TextFormatParseInfoTree> submessagesOfField = new ArrayList<TextFormatParseInfoTree>();
+      for (Builder subBuilder : kv.getValue()) {
+        submessagesOfField.add(subBuilder.build());
+      }
+      subs.put(kv.getKey(), Collections.unmodifiableList(submessagesOfField));
+    }
+    this.subtreesFromField = Collections.unmodifiableMap(subs);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve all the locations of a field.
+   *
+   * @param fieldDescriptor the @{link FieldDescriptor} of the desired field
+   * @return a list of the locations of values of the field. If there are not values or the field
+   *     doesn't exist, an empty list is returned.
+   */
+  public List<TextFormatParseLocation> getLocations(final FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor) {
+    List<TextFormatParseLocation> result = locationsFromField.get(fieldDescriptor);
+    return (result == null) ? Collections.<TextFormatParseLocation>emptyList() : result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the location in the source of a field's value.
+   *
+   * <p>Returns the {@link TextFormatParseLocation} for index-th value of the field in the parsed
+   * text.
+   *
+   * @param fieldDescriptor the @{link FieldDescriptor} of the desired field
+   * @param index the index of the value.
+   * @return the {@link TextFormatParseLocation} of the value
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException index is out of range
+   */
+  public TextFormatParseLocation getLocation(final FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor, int index) {
+    return getFromList(getLocations(fieldDescriptor), index, fieldDescriptor);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve a list of all the location information trees for a sub message field.
+   *
+   * @param fieldDescriptor the @{link FieldDescriptor} of the desired field
+   * @return A list of {@link TextFormatParseInfoTree}
+   */
+  public List<TextFormatParseInfoTree> getNestedTrees(final FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor) {
+    List<TextFormatParseInfoTree> result = subtreesFromField.get(fieldDescriptor);
+    return result == null ? Collections.<TextFormatParseInfoTree>emptyList() : result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the parse info tree for the given field, which must be a message type.
+   *
+   * @param fieldDescriptor the @{link FieldDescriptor} of the desired sub message
+   * @param index the index of message value.
+   * @return the {@code ParseInfoTree} of the message value. {@code null} is returned if the field
+   *     doesn't exist or the index is out of range.
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if index is out of range
+   */
+  public TextFormatParseInfoTree getNestedTree(final FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor, int index) {
+    return getFromList(getNestedTrees(fieldDescriptor), index, fieldDescriptor);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a builder for a {@code ParseInfoTree}.
+   *
+   * @return the builder
+   */
+  public static Builder builder() {
+    return new Builder();
+  }
+
+  private static <T> T getFromList(List<T> list, int index, FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor) {
+    if (index >= list.size() || index < 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          String.format(
+              "Illegal index field: %s, index %d",
+              fieldDescriptor == null ? "<null>" : fieldDescriptor.getName(), index));
+    }
+    return list.get(index);
+  }
+
+  /** Builder for a {@link TextFormatParseInfoTree}. */
+  public static class Builder {
+
+    private Map<FieldDescriptor, List<TextFormatParseLocation>> locationsFromField;
+
+    // Defines a mapping between a field's descriptor to a list of ParseInfoTrees builders for
+    // sub message location information.
+    private Map<FieldDescriptor, List<Builder>> subtreeBuildersFromField;
+
+    /** Create a root level {@ParseInfoTree} builder. */
+    private Builder() {
+      locationsFromField = new HashMap<FieldDescriptor, List<TextFormatParseLocation>>();
+      subtreeBuildersFromField = new HashMap<FieldDescriptor, List<Builder>>();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record the starting location of a single value for a field.
+     *
+     * @param fieldDescriptor the field
+     * @param location source code location information
+     */
+    public Builder setLocation(
+        final FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor, TextFormatParseLocation location) {
+      List<TextFormatParseLocation> fieldLocations = locationsFromField.get(fieldDescriptor);
+      if (fieldLocations == null) {
+        fieldLocations = new ArrayList<TextFormatParseLocation>();
+        locationsFromField.put(fieldDescriptor, fieldLocations);
+      }
+      fieldLocations.add(location);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set for a sub message.
+     *
+     * <p>A new builder is created for a sub message. The builder that is returned is a new builder.
+     * The return is <em>not</em> the invoked {@code builder.getBuilderForSubMessageField}.
+     *
+     * @param fieldDescriptor the field whose value is the submessage
+     * @return a new Builder for the sub message
+     */
+    public Builder getBuilderForSubMessageField(final FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor) {
+      List<Builder> submessageBuilders = subtreeBuildersFromField.get(fieldDescriptor);
+      if (submessageBuilders == null) {
+        submessageBuilders = new ArrayList<Builder>();
+        subtreeBuildersFromField.put(fieldDescriptor, submessageBuilders);
+      }
+      Builder subtreeBuilder = new Builder();
+      submessageBuilders.add(subtreeBuilder);
+      return subtreeBuilder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build the {@code TextFormatParseInfoTree}.
+     *
+     * @return the {@code TextFormatParseInfoTree}
+     */
+    public TextFormatParseInfoTree build() {
+      return new TextFormatParseInfoTree(locationsFromField, subtreeBuildersFromField);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseLocation.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseLocation.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eebfb1b54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseLocation.java
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * A location in the source code.
+ *
+ * <p>A location is the starting line number and starting column number.
+ */
+public final class TextFormatParseLocation {
+
+  /** The empty location. */
+  public static final TextFormatParseLocation EMPTY = new TextFormatParseLocation(-1, -1);
+
+  /**
+   * Create a location.
+   *
+   * @param line the starting line number
+   * @param column the starting column number
+   * @return a {@code ParseLocation}
+   */
+  static TextFormatParseLocation create(int line, int column) {
+    if (line == -1 && column == -1) {
+      return EMPTY;
+    }
+    if (line < 0 || column < 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          String.format("line and column values must be >= 0: line %d, column: %d", line, column));
+    }
+    return new TextFormatParseLocation(line, column);
+  }
+
+  private final int line;
+  private final int column;
+
+  private TextFormatParseLocation(int line, int column) {
+    this.line = line;
+    this.column = column;
+  }
+
+  public int getLine() {
+    return line;
+  }
+
+  public int getColumn() {
+    return column;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return String.format("ParseLocation{line=%d, column=%d}", line, column);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (o == this) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!(o instanceof TextFormatParseLocation)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    TextFormatParseLocation that = (TextFormatParseLocation) o;
+    return (this.line == that.getLine()) && (this.column == that.getColumn());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    int[] values = {line, column};
+    return Arrays.hashCode(values);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TypeRegistry.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TypeRegistry.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..47d798bfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TypeRegistry.java
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * A TypeRegistry is used to resolve Any messages. You must provide a TypeRegistry containing all
+ * message types used in Any message fields.
+ */
+public class TypeRegistry {
+  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TypeRegistry.class.getName());
+
+  private static class EmptyTypeRegistryHolder {
+    private static final TypeRegistry EMPTY =
+        new TypeRegistry(Collections.<String, Descriptor>emptyMap());
+  }
+
+  public static TypeRegistry getEmptyTypeRegistry() {
+    return EmptyTypeRegistryHolder.EMPTY;
+  }
+
+
+  public static Builder newBuilder() {
+    return new Builder();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find a type by its full name. Returns null if it cannot be found in this {@link TypeRegistry}.
+   */
+  public Descriptor find(String name) {
+    return types.get(name);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find a type by its typeUrl. Returns null if it cannot be found in this {@link TypeRegistry}.
+   */
+  /* @Nullable */
+  public final Descriptor getDescriptorForTypeUrl(String typeUrl)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return find(getTypeName(typeUrl));
+  }
+
+  private final Map<String, Descriptor> types;
+
+  TypeRegistry(Map<String, Descriptor> types) {
+    this.types = types;
+  }
+
+  private static String getTypeName(String typeUrl) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    String[] parts = typeUrl.split("/");
+    if (parts.length == 1) {
+      throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid type url found: " + typeUrl);
+    }
+    return parts[parts.length - 1];
+  }
+
+  /** A Builder is used to build {@link TypeRegistry}. */
+  public static final class Builder {
+    private Builder() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a message type and all types defined in the same .proto file as well as all transitively
+     * imported .proto files to this {@link Builder}.
+     */
+    public Builder add(Descriptor messageType) {
+      if (types == null) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("A TypeRegistry.Builder can only be used once.");
+      }
+      addFile(messageType.getFile());
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds message types and all types defined in the same .proto file as well as all transitively
+     * imported .proto files to this {@link Builder}.
+     */
+    public Builder add(Iterable<Descriptor> messageTypes) {
+      if (types == null) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("A TypeRegistry.Builder can only be used once.");
+      }
+      for (Descriptor type : messageTypes) {
+        addFile(type.getFile());
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Builds a {@link TypeRegistry}. This method can only be called once for one Builder. */
+    public TypeRegistry build() {
+      TypeRegistry result = new TypeRegistry(types);
+      // Make sure the built {@link TypeRegistry} is immutable.
+      types = null;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    private void addFile(FileDescriptor file) {
+      // Skip the file if it's already added.
+      if (!files.add(file.getFullName())) {
+        return;
+      }
+      for (FileDescriptor dependency : file.getDependencies()) {
+        addFile(dependency);
+      }
+      for (Descriptor message : file.getMessageTypes()) {
+        addMessage(message);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void addMessage(Descriptor message) {
+      for (Descriptor nestedType : message.getNestedTypes()) {
+        addMessage(nestedType);
+      }
+
+      if (types.containsKey(message.getFullName())) {
+        logger.warning("Type " + message.getFullName() + " is added multiple times.");
+        return;
+      }
+
+      types.put(message.getFullName(), message);
+    }
+
+    private final Set<String> files = new HashSet<>();
+    private Map<String, Descriptor> types = new HashMap<>();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UninitializedMessageException.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UninitializedMessageException.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c633a4e89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UninitializedMessageException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when attempting to build a protocol message that is missing required fields. This is a
+ * {@code RuntimeException} because it normally represents a programming error: it happens when some
+ * code which constructs a message fails to set all the fields. {@code parseFrom()} methods <b>do
+ * not</b> throw this; they throw an {@link InvalidProtocolBufferException} if required fields are
+ * missing, because it is not a programming error to receive an incomplete message. In other words,
+ * {@code UninitializedMessageException} should never be thrown by correct code, but {@code
+ * InvalidProtocolBufferException} might be.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class UninitializedMessageException extends RuntimeException {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = -7466929953374883507L;
+
+  public UninitializedMessageException(final MessageLite message) {
+    super(
+        "Message was missing required fields.  (Lite runtime could not "
+            + "determine which fields were missing).");
+    missingFields = null;
+  }
+
+  public UninitializedMessageException(final List<String> missingFields) {
+    super(buildDescription(missingFields));
+    this.missingFields = missingFields;
+  }
+
+  private final List<String> missingFields;
+
+  /**
+   * Get a list of human-readable names of required fields missing from this message. Each name is a
+   * full path to a field, e.g. "foo.bar[5].baz". Returns null if the lite runtime was used, since
+   * it lacks the ability to find missing fields.
+   */
+  public List<String> getMissingFields() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableList(missingFields);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts this exception to an {@link InvalidProtocolBufferException}. When a parsed message is
+   * missing required fields, this should be thrown instead of {@code
+   * UninitializedMessageException}.
+   */
+  public InvalidProtocolBufferException asInvalidProtocolBufferException() {
+    return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(getMessage());
+  }
+
+  /** Construct the description string for this exception. */
+  private static String buildDescription(final List<String> missingFields) {
+    final StringBuilder description = new StringBuilder("Message missing required fields: ");
+    boolean first = true;
+    for (final String field : missingFields) {
+      if (first) {
+        first = false;
+      } else {
+        description.append(", ");
+      }
+      description.append(field);
+    }
+    return description.toString();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSchema.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSchema.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e736d5ce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSchema.java
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+@ExperimentalApi
+abstract class UnknownFieldSchema<T, B> {
+
+  /** Whether unknown fields should be dropped. */
+  abstract boolean shouldDiscardUnknownFields(Reader reader);
+
+  /** Adds a varint value to the unknown fields. */
+  abstract void addVarint(B fields, int number, long value);
+
+  /** Adds a fixed32 value to the unknown fields. */
+  abstract void addFixed32(B fields, int number, int value);
+
+  /** Adds a fixed64 value to the unknown fields. */
+  abstract void addFixed64(B fields, int number, long value);
+
+  /** Adds a length delimited value to the unknown fields. */
+  abstract void addLengthDelimited(B fields, int number, ByteString value);
+
+  /** Adds a group value to the unknown fields. */
+  abstract void addGroup(B fields, int number, T subFieldSet);
+
+  /** Create a new builder for unknown fields. */
+  abstract B newBuilder();
+
+  /** Returns an immutable instance of the field container. */
+  abstract T toImmutable(B fields);
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the unknown fields into the message. Caller must take care of the mutability of the
+   * fields.
+   */
+  abstract void setToMessage(Object message, T fields);
+
+  /** Get the unknown fields from the message. */
+  abstract T getFromMessage(Object message);
+
+  /** Returns a builder for unknown fields in the message. */
+  abstract B getBuilderFromMessage(Object message);
+
+  /** Sets an unknown field builder into the message. */
+  abstract void setBuilderToMessage(Object message, B builder);
+
+  /** Marks unknown fields as immutable. */
+  abstract void makeImmutable(Object message);
+
+  /** Merges one field into the unknown fields. */
+  final boolean mergeOneFieldFrom(B unknownFields, Reader reader) throws IOException {
+    int tag = reader.getTag();
+    int fieldNumber = WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag);
+    switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+        addVarint(unknownFields, fieldNumber, reader.readInt64());
+        return true;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+        addFixed32(unknownFields, fieldNumber, reader.readFixed32());
+        return true;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+        addFixed64(unknownFields, fieldNumber, reader.readFixed64());
+        return true;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+        addLengthDelimited(unknownFields, fieldNumber, reader.readBytes());
+        return true;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+        final B subFields = newBuilder();
+        int endGroupTag = WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+        mergeFrom(subFields, reader);
+        if (endGroupTag != reader.getTag()) {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidEndTag();
+        }
+        addGroup(unknownFields, fieldNumber, toImmutable(subFields));
+        return true;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+        return false;
+      default:
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+    }
+  }
+
+  final void mergeFrom(B unknownFields, Reader reader) throws IOException {
+    while (true) {
+      if (reader.getFieldNumber() == Reader.READ_DONE
+          || !mergeOneFieldFrom(unknownFields, reader)) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  abstract void writeTo(T unknownFields, Writer writer) throws IOException;
+
+  abstract void writeAsMessageSetTo(T unknownFields, Writer writer) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Merges {@code source} into {@code destination} and returns the merged instance. */
+  abstract T merge(T destination, T source);
+
+  /** Get the serialized size for message set serialization. */
+  abstract int getSerializedSizeAsMessageSet(T message);
+
+  abstract int getSerializedSize(T unknowns);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSet.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSet.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba2f9df08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSet.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1078 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.LimitedInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.ListIterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+
+/**
+ * {@code UnknownFieldSet} is used to keep track of fields which were seen when parsing a protocol
+ * message but whose field numbers or types are unrecognized. This most frequently occurs when new
+ * fields are added to a message type and then messages containing those fields are read by old
+ * software that was compiled before the new types were added.
+ *
+ * <p>Every {@link Message} contains an {@code UnknownFieldSet} (and every {@link Message.Builder}
+ * contains an {@link Builder}).
+ *
+ * <p>Most users will never need to use this class.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public final class UnknownFieldSet implements MessageLite {
+
+  private UnknownFieldSet() {
+    fields = null;
+    fieldsDescending = null;
+  }
+
+  /** Create a new {@link Builder}. */
+  public static Builder newBuilder() {
+    return Builder.create();
+  }
+
+  /** Create a new {@link Builder} and initialize it to be a copy of {@code copyFrom}. */
+  public static Builder newBuilder(final UnknownFieldSet copyFrom) {
+    return newBuilder().mergeFrom(copyFrom);
+  }
+
+  /** Get an empty {@code UnknownFieldSet}. */
+  public static UnknownFieldSet getDefaultInstance() {
+    return defaultInstance;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public UnknownFieldSet getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+    return defaultInstance;
+  }
+
+  private static final UnknownFieldSet defaultInstance =
+      new UnknownFieldSet(
+          Collections.<Integer, Field>emptyMap(), Collections.<Integer, Field>emptyMap());
+
+  /**
+   * Construct an {@code UnknownFieldSet} around the given map. The map is expected to be immutable.
+   */
+  UnknownFieldSet(final Map<Integer, Field> fields, final Map<Integer, Field> fieldsDescending) {
+    this.fields = fields;
+    this.fieldsDescending = fieldsDescending;
+  }
+
+  private final Map<Integer, Field> fields;
+
+  /** A copy of {@link #fields} who's iterator order is reversed. */
+  private final Map<Integer, Field> fieldsDescending;
+
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(final Object other) {
+    if (this == other) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return (other instanceof UnknownFieldSet) && fields.equals(((UnknownFieldSet) other).fields);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return fields.hashCode();
+  }
+
+  /** Get a map of fields in the set by number. */
+  public Map<Integer, Field> asMap() {
+    return fields;
+  }
+
+  /** Check if the given field number is present in the set. */
+  public boolean hasField(final int number) {
+    return fields.containsKey(number);
+  }
+
+  /** Get a field by number. Returns an empty field if not present. Never returns {@code null}. */
+  public Field getField(final int number) {
+    final Field result = fields.get(number);
+    return (result == null) ? Field.getDefaultInstance() : result;
+  }
+
+  /** Serializes the set and writes it to {@code output}. */
+  @Override
+  public void writeTo(final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    for (final Map.Entry<Integer, Field> entry : fields.entrySet()) {
+      Field field = entry.getValue();
+      field.writeTo(entry.getKey(), output);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts the set to a string in protocol buffer text format. This is just a trivial wrapper
+   * around {@link TextFormat.Printer#printToString(UnknownFieldSet)}.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return TextFormat.printer().printToString(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes the message to a {@code ByteString} and returns it. This is just a trivial wrapper
+   * around {@link #writeTo(CodedOutputStream)}.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public ByteString toByteString() {
+    try {
+      final ByteString.CodedBuilder out = ByteString.newCodedBuilder(getSerializedSize());
+      writeTo(out.getCodedOutput());
+      return out.build();
+    } catch (final IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          "Serializing to a ByteString threw an IOException (should never happen).", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes the message to a {@code byte} array and returns it. This is just a trivial wrapper
+   * around {@link #writeTo(CodedOutputStream)}.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public byte[] toByteArray() {
+    try {
+      final byte[] result = new byte[getSerializedSize()];
+      final CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(result);
+      writeTo(output);
+      output.checkNoSpaceLeft();
+      return result;
+    } catch (final IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(
+          "Serializing to a byte array threw an IOException (should never happen).", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes the message and writes it to {@code output}. This is just a trivial wrapper around
+   * {@link #writeTo(CodedOutputStream)}.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void writeTo(final OutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    final CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(output);
+    writeTo(codedOutput);
+    codedOutput.flush();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeDelimitedTo(OutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    final CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(output);
+    codedOutput.writeRawVarint32(getSerializedSize());
+    writeTo(codedOutput);
+    codedOutput.flush();
+  }
+
+  /** Get the number of bytes required to encode this set. */
+  @Override
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    int result = 0;
+    for (final Map.Entry<Integer, Field> entry : fields.entrySet()) {
+      result += entry.getValue().getSerializedSize(entry.getKey());
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /** Serializes the set and writes it to {@code output} using {@code MessageSet} wire format. */
+  public void writeAsMessageSetTo(final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    for (final Map.Entry<Integer, Field> entry : fields.entrySet()) {
+      entry.getValue().writeAsMessageSetExtensionTo(entry.getKey(), output);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Serializes the set and writes it to {@code writer}. */
+  void writeTo(Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (writer.fieldOrder() == Writer.FieldOrder.DESCENDING) {
+      // Write fields in descending order.
+      for (Map.Entry<Integer, Field> entry : fieldsDescending.entrySet()) {
+        entry.getValue().writeTo(entry.getKey(), writer);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Write fields in ascending order.
+      for (Map.Entry<Integer, Field> entry : fields.entrySet()) {
+        entry.getValue().writeTo(entry.getKey(), writer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Serializes the set and writes it to {@code writer} using {@code MessageSet} wire format. */
+  void writeAsMessageSetTo(final Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (writer.fieldOrder() == Writer.FieldOrder.DESCENDING) {
+      // Write fields in descending order.
+      for (final Map.Entry<Integer, Field> entry : fieldsDescending.entrySet()) {
+        entry.getValue().writeAsMessageSetExtensionTo(entry.getKey(), writer);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Write fields in ascending order.
+      for (final Map.Entry<Integer, Field> entry : fields.entrySet()) {
+        entry.getValue().writeAsMessageSetExtensionTo(entry.getKey(), writer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Get the number of bytes required to encode this set using {@code MessageSet} wire format. */
+  public int getSerializedSizeAsMessageSet() {
+    int result = 0;
+    for (final Map.Entry<Integer, Field> entry : fields.entrySet()) {
+      result += entry.getValue().getSerializedSizeAsMessageSetExtension(entry.getKey());
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isInitialized() {
+    // UnknownFieldSets do not have required fields, so they are always
+    // initialized.
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** Parse an {@code UnknownFieldSet} from the given input stream. */
+  public static UnknownFieldSet parseFrom(final CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+    return newBuilder().mergeFrom(input).build();
+  }
+
+  /** Parse {@code data} as an {@code UnknownFieldSet} and return it. */
+  public static UnknownFieldSet parseFrom(final ByteString data)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return newBuilder().mergeFrom(data).build();
+  }
+
+  /** Parse {@code data} as an {@code UnknownFieldSet} and return it. */
+  public static UnknownFieldSet parseFrom(final byte[] data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return newBuilder().mergeFrom(data).build();
+  }
+
+  /** Parse an {@code UnknownFieldSet} from {@code input} and return it. */
+  public static UnknownFieldSet parseFrom(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
+    return newBuilder().mergeFrom(input).build();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Builder newBuilderForType() {
+    return newBuilder();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Builder toBuilder() {
+    return newBuilder().mergeFrom(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builder for {@link UnknownFieldSet}s.
+   *
+   * <p>Note that this class maintains {@link Field.Builder}s for all fields in the set. Thus,
+   * adding one element to an existing {@link Field} does not require making a copy. This is
+   * important for efficient parsing of unknown repeated fields. However, it implies that {@link
+   * Field}s cannot be constructed independently, nor can two {@link UnknownFieldSet}s share the
+   * same {@code Field} object.
+   *
+   * <p>Use {@link UnknownFieldSet#newBuilder()} to construct a {@code Builder}.
+   */
+  public static final class Builder implements MessageLite.Builder {
+    // This constructor should never be called directly (except from 'create').
+    private Builder() {}
+
+    private Map<Integer, Field> fields;
+
+    // Optimization:  We keep around a builder for the last field that was
+    //   modified so that we can efficiently add to it multiple times in a
+    //   row (important when parsing an unknown repeated field).
+    private int lastFieldNumber;
+    private Field.Builder lastField;
+
+    private static Builder create() {
+      Builder builder = new Builder();
+      builder.reinitialize();
+      return builder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a field builder for the given field number which includes any values that already exist.
+     */
+    private Field.Builder getFieldBuilder(final int number) {
+      if (lastField != null) {
+        if (number == lastFieldNumber) {
+          return lastField;
+        }
+        // Note:  addField() will reset lastField and lastFieldNumber.
+        addField(lastFieldNumber, lastField.build());
+      }
+      if (number == 0) {
+        return null;
+      } else {
+        final Field existing = fields.get(number);
+        lastFieldNumber = number;
+        lastField = Field.newBuilder();
+        if (existing != null) {
+          lastField.mergeFrom(existing);
+        }
+        return lastField;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build the {@link UnknownFieldSet} and return it.
+     *
+     * <p>Once {@code build()} has been called, the {@code Builder} will no longer be usable.
+     * Calling any method after {@code build()} will result in undefined behavior and can cause a
+     * {@code NullPointerException} to be thrown.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public UnknownFieldSet build() {
+      getFieldBuilder(0); // Force lastField to be built.
+      final UnknownFieldSet result;
+      if (fields.isEmpty()) {
+        result = getDefaultInstance();
+      } else {
+        Map<Integer, Field> descendingFields = null;
+        descendingFields =
+            Collections.unmodifiableMap(((TreeMap<Integer, Field>) fields).descendingMap());
+        result = new UnknownFieldSet(Collections.unmodifiableMap(fields), descendingFields);
+      }
+      fields = null;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public UnknownFieldSet buildPartial() {
+      // No required fields, so this is the same as build().
+      return build();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder clone() {
+      getFieldBuilder(0); // Force lastField to be built.
+      Map<Integer, Field> descendingFields = null;
+      descendingFields =
+          Collections.unmodifiableMap(((TreeMap<Integer, Field>) fields).descendingMap());
+      return UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder().mergeFrom(new UnknownFieldSet(fields, descendingFields));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public UnknownFieldSet getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+      return UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance();
+    }
+
+    private void reinitialize() {
+      fields = Collections.emptyMap();
+      lastFieldNumber = 0;
+      lastField = null;
+    }
+
+    /** Reset the builder to an empty set. */
+    @Override
+    public Builder clear() {
+      reinitialize();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Clear fields from the set with a given field number. */
+    public Builder clearField(final int number) {
+      if (number == 0) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Zero is not a valid field number.");
+      }
+      if (lastField != null && lastFieldNumber == number) {
+        // Discard this.
+        lastField = null;
+        lastFieldNumber = 0;
+      }
+      if (fields.containsKey(number)) {
+        fields.remove(number);
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Merge the fields from {@code other} into this set. If a field number exists in both sets,
+     * {@code other}'s values for that field will be appended to the values in this set.
+     */
+    public Builder mergeFrom(final UnknownFieldSet other) {
+      if (other != getDefaultInstance()) {
+        for (final Map.Entry<Integer, Field> entry : other.fields.entrySet()) {
+          mergeField(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        }
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a field to the {@code UnknownFieldSet}. If a field with the same number already exists,
+     * the two are merged.
+     */
+    public Builder mergeField(final int number, final Field field) {
+      if (number == 0) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Zero is not a valid field number.");
+      }
+      if (hasField(number)) {
+        getFieldBuilder(number).mergeFrom(field);
+      } else {
+        // Optimization:  We could call getFieldBuilder(number).mergeFrom(field)
+        // in this case, but that would create a copy of the Field object.
+        // We'd rather reuse the one passed to us, so call addField() instead.
+        addField(number, field);
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method for merging a new field containing a single varint value. This is used in
+     * particular when an unknown enum value is encountered.
+     */
+    public Builder mergeVarintField(final int number, final int value) {
+      if (number == 0) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Zero is not a valid field number.");
+      }
+      getFieldBuilder(number).addVarint(value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method for merging a length-delimited field.
+     *
+     * <p>For use by generated code only.
+     */
+    public Builder mergeLengthDelimitedField(final int number, final ByteString value) {
+      if (number == 0) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Zero is not a valid field number.");
+      }
+      getFieldBuilder(number).addLengthDelimited(value);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Check if the given field number is present in the set. */
+    public boolean hasField(final int number) {
+      if (number == 0) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Zero is not a valid field number.");
+      }
+      return number == lastFieldNumber || fields.containsKey(number);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a field to the {@code UnknownFieldSet}. If a field with the same number already exists,
+     * it is removed.
+     */
+    public Builder addField(final int number, final Field field) {
+      if (number == 0) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Zero is not a valid field number.");
+      }
+      if (lastField != null && lastFieldNumber == number) {
+        // Discard this.
+        lastField = null;
+        lastFieldNumber = 0;
+      }
+      if (fields.isEmpty()) {
+        fields = new TreeMap<Integer, Field>();
+      }
+      fields.put(number, field);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all present {@code Field}s as an immutable {@code Map}. If more fields are added, the
+     * changes may or may not be reflected in this map.
+     */
+    public Map<Integer, Field> asMap() {
+      getFieldBuilder(0); // Force lastField to be built.
+      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(fields);
+    }
+
+    /** Parse an entire message from {@code input} and merge its fields into this set. */
+    @Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(final CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = input.readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !mergeFieldFrom(tag, input)) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a single field from {@code input} and merge it into this set.
+     *
+     * @param tag The field's tag number, which was already parsed.
+     * @return {@code false} if the tag is an end group tag.
+     */
+    public boolean mergeFieldFrom(final int tag, final CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+      final int number = WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag);
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          getFieldBuilder(number).addVarint(input.readInt64());
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          getFieldBuilder(number).addFixed64(input.readFixed64());
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          getFieldBuilder(number).addLengthDelimited(input.readBytes());
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          final Builder subBuilder = newBuilder();
+          input.readGroup(number, subBuilder, ExtensionRegistry.getEmptyRegistry());
+          getFieldBuilder(number).addGroup(subBuilder.build());
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          return false;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          getFieldBuilder(number).addFixed32(input.readFixed32());
+          return true;
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse {@code data} as an {@code UnknownFieldSet} and merge it with the set being built. This
+     * is just a small wrapper around {@link #mergeFrom(CodedInputStream)}.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(final ByteString data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        final CodedInputStream input = data.newCodedInput();
+        mergeFrom(input);
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+        return this;
+      } catch (final InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (final IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+            "Reading from a ByteString threw an IOException (should never happen).", e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse {@code data} as an {@code UnknownFieldSet} and merge it with the set being built. This
+     * is just a small wrapper around {@link #mergeFrom(CodedInputStream)}.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(final byte[] data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        final CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
+        mergeFrom(input);
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+        return this;
+      } catch (final InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (final IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+            "Reading from a byte array threw an IOException (should never happen).", e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an {@code UnknownFieldSet} from {@code input} and merge it with the set being built.
+     * This is just a small wrapper around {@link #mergeFrom(CodedInputStream)}.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
+      final CodedInputStream codedInput = CodedInputStream.newInstance(input);
+      mergeFrom(codedInput);
+      codedInput.checkLastTagWas(0);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean mergeDelimitedFrom(InputStream input) throws IOException {
+      final int firstByte = input.read();
+      if (firstByte == -1) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      final int size = CodedInputStream.readRawVarint32(firstByte, input);
+      final InputStream limitedInput = new LimitedInputStream(input, size);
+      mergeFrom(limitedInput);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean mergeDelimitedFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      // UnknownFieldSet has no extensions.
+      return mergeDelimitedFrom(input);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      // UnknownFieldSet has no extensions.
+      return mergeFrom(input);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(ByteString data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      // UnknownFieldSet has no extensions.
+      return mergeFrom(data);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(byte[] data, int off, int len) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        final CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data, off, len);
+        mergeFrom(input);
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+        return this;
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+            "Reading from a byte array threw an IOException (should never happen).", e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(byte[] data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      // UnknownFieldSet has no extensions.
+      return mergeFrom(data);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(byte[] data, int off, int len, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      // UnknownFieldSet has no extensions.
+      return mergeFrom(data, off, len);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      // UnknownFieldSet has no extensions.
+      return mergeFrom(input);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder mergeFrom(MessageLite m) {
+      if (m instanceof UnknownFieldSet) {
+        return mergeFrom((UnknownFieldSet) m);
+      }
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "mergeFrom(MessageLite) can only merge messages of the same type.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isInitialized() {
+      // UnknownFieldSets do not have required fields, so they are always
+      // initialized.
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Represents a single field in an {@code UnknownFieldSet}.
+   *
+   * <p>A {@code Field} consists of five lists of values. The lists correspond to the five "wire
+   * types" used in the protocol buffer binary format. The wire type of each field can be determined
+   * from the encoded form alone, without knowing the field's declared type. So, we are able to
+   * parse unknown values at least this far and separate them. Normally, only one of the five lists
+   * will contain any values, since it is impossible to define a valid message type that declares
+   * two different types for the same field number. However, the code is designed to allow for the
+   * case where the same unknown field number is encountered using multiple different wire types.
+   *
+   * <p>{@code Field} is an immutable class. To construct one, you must use a {@link Builder}.
+   *
+   * @see UnknownFieldSet
+   */
+  public static final class Field {
+    private Field() {}
+
+    /** Construct a new {@link Builder}. */
+    public static Builder newBuilder() {
+      return Builder.create();
+    }
+
+    /** Construct a new {@link Builder} and initialize it to a copy of {@code copyFrom}. */
+    public static Builder newBuilder(final Field copyFrom) {
+      return newBuilder().mergeFrom(copyFrom);
+    }
+
+    /** Get an empty {@code Field}. */
+    public static Field getDefaultInstance() {
+      return fieldDefaultInstance;
+    }
+
+    private static final Field fieldDefaultInstance = newBuilder().build();
+
+    /** Get the list of varint values for this field. */
+    public List<Long> getVarintList() {
+      return varint;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the list of fixed32 values for this field. */
+    public List<Integer> getFixed32List() {
+      return fixed32;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the list of fixed64 values for this field. */
+    public List<Long> getFixed64List() {
+      return fixed64;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the list of length-delimited values for this field. */
+    public List<ByteString> getLengthDelimitedList() {
+      return lengthDelimited;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of embedded group values for this field. These are represented using {@link
+     * UnknownFieldSet}s rather than {@link Message}s since the group's type is presumably unknown.
+     */
+    public List<UnknownFieldSet> getGroupList() {
+      return group;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(final Object other) {
+      if (this == other) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!(other instanceof Field)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Arrays.equals(getIdentityArray(), ((Field) other).getIdentityArray());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      return Arrays.hashCode(getIdentityArray());
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the array of objects to be used to uniquely identify this {@link Field} instance. */
+    private Object[] getIdentityArray() {
+      return new Object[] {varint, fixed32, fixed64, lengthDelimited, group};
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Serializes the message to a {@code ByteString} and returns it. This is just a trivial wrapper
+     * around {@link #writeTo(int, CodedOutputStream)}.
+     */
+    public ByteString toByteString(int fieldNumber) {
+      try {
+        // TODO(lukes): consider caching serialized size in a volatile long
+        final ByteString.CodedBuilder out =
+            ByteString.newCodedBuilder(getSerializedSize(fieldNumber));
+        writeTo(fieldNumber, out.getCodedOutput());
+        return out.build();
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(
+            "Serializing to a ByteString should never fail with an IOException", e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Serializes the field, including field number, and writes it to {@code output}. */
+    public void writeTo(final int fieldNumber, final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      for (final long value : varint) {
+        output.writeUInt64(fieldNumber, value);
+      }
+      for (final int value : fixed32) {
+        output.writeFixed32(fieldNumber, value);
+      }
+      for (final long value : fixed64) {
+        output.writeFixed64(fieldNumber, value);
+      }
+      for (final ByteString value : lengthDelimited) {
+        output.writeBytes(fieldNumber, value);
+      }
+      for (final UnknownFieldSet value : group) {
+        output.writeGroup(fieldNumber, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Get the number of bytes required to encode this field, including field number. */
+    public int getSerializedSize(final int fieldNumber) {
+      int result = 0;
+      for (final long value : varint) {
+        result += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt64Size(fieldNumber, value);
+      }
+      for (final int value : fixed32) {
+        result += CodedOutputStream.computeFixed32Size(fieldNumber, value);
+      }
+      for (final long value : fixed64) {
+        result += CodedOutputStream.computeFixed64Size(fieldNumber, value);
+      }
+      for (final ByteString value : lengthDelimited) {
+        result += CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSize(fieldNumber, value);
+      }
+      for (final UnknownFieldSet value : group) {
+        result += CodedOutputStream.computeGroupSize(fieldNumber, value);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Serializes the field, including field number, and writes it to {@code output}, using {@code
+     * MessageSet} wire format.
+     */
+    public void writeAsMessageSetExtensionTo(final int fieldNumber, final CodedOutputStream output)
+        throws IOException {
+      for (final ByteString value : lengthDelimited) {
+        output.writeRawMessageSetExtension(fieldNumber, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Serializes the field, including field number, and writes it to {@code writer}. */
+    void writeTo(final int fieldNumber, final Writer writer) throws IOException {
+      writer.writeInt64List(fieldNumber, varint, false);
+      writer.writeFixed32List(fieldNumber, fixed32, false);
+      writer.writeFixed64List(fieldNumber, fixed64, false);
+      writer.writeBytesList(fieldNumber, lengthDelimited);
+
+      if (writer.fieldOrder() == Writer.FieldOrder.ASCENDING) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < group.size(); i++) {
+          writer.writeStartGroup(fieldNumber);
+          group.get(i).writeTo(writer);
+          writer.writeEndGroup(fieldNumber);
+        }
+      } else {
+        for (int i = group.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+          writer.writeEndGroup(fieldNumber);
+          group.get(i).writeTo(writer);
+          writer.writeStartGroup(fieldNumber);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Serializes the field, including field number, and writes it to {@code writer}, using {@code
+     * MessageSet} wire format.
+     */
+    private void writeAsMessageSetExtensionTo(final int fieldNumber, final Writer writer)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (writer.fieldOrder() == Writer.FieldOrder.DESCENDING) {
+        // Write in descending field order.
+        ListIterator<ByteString> iter = lengthDelimited.listIterator(lengthDelimited.size());
+        while (iter.hasPrevious()) {
+          writer.writeMessageSetItem(fieldNumber, iter.previous());
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Write in ascending field order.
+        for (final ByteString value : lengthDelimited) {
+          writer.writeMessageSetItem(fieldNumber, value);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the number of bytes required to encode this field, including field number, using {@code
+     * MessageSet} wire format.
+     */
+    public int getSerializedSizeAsMessageSetExtension(final int fieldNumber) {
+      int result = 0;
+      for (final ByteString value : lengthDelimited) {
+        result += CodedOutputStream.computeRawMessageSetExtensionSize(fieldNumber, value);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    private List<Long> varint;
+    private List<Integer> fixed32;
+    private List<Long> fixed64;
+    private List<ByteString> lengthDelimited;
+    private List<UnknownFieldSet> group;
+
+    /**
+     * Used to build a {@link Field} within an {@link UnknownFieldSet}.
+     *
+     * <p>Use {@link Field#newBuilder()} to construct a {@code Builder}.
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+      // This constructor should never be called directly (except from 'create').
+      private Builder() {}
+
+      private static Builder create() {
+        Builder builder = new Builder();
+        builder.result = new Field();
+        return builder;
+      }
+
+      private Field result;
+
+      /**
+       * Build the field. After {@code build()} has been called, the {@code Builder} is no longer
+       * usable. Calling any other method will result in undefined behavior and can cause a {@code
+       * NullPointerException} to be thrown.
+       */
+      public Field build() {
+        if (result.varint == null) {
+          result.varint = Collections.emptyList();
+        } else {
+          result.varint = Collections.unmodifiableList(result.varint);
+        }
+        if (result.fixed32 == null) {
+          result.fixed32 = Collections.emptyList();
+        } else {
+          result.fixed32 = Collections.unmodifiableList(result.fixed32);
+        }
+        if (result.fixed64 == null) {
+          result.fixed64 = Collections.emptyList();
+        } else {
+          result.fixed64 = Collections.unmodifiableList(result.fixed64);
+        }
+        if (result.lengthDelimited == null) {
+          result.lengthDelimited = Collections.emptyList();
+        } else {
+          result.lengthDelimited = Collections.unmodifiableList(result.lengthDelimited);
+        }
+        if (result.group == null) {
+          result.group = Collections.emptyList();
+        } else {
+          result.group = Collections.unmodifiableList(result.group);
+        }
+
+        final Field returnMe = result;
+        result = null;
+        return returnMe;
+      }
+
+      /** Discard the field's contents. */
+      public Builder clear() {
+        result = new Field();
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Merge the values in {@code other} into this field. For each list of values, {@code other}'s
+       * values are append to the ones in this field.
+       */
+      public Builder mergeFrom(final Field other) {
+        if (!other.varint.isEmpty()) {
+          if (result.varint == null) {
+            result.varint = new ArrayList<Long>();
+          }
+          result.varint.addAll(other.varint);
+        }
+        if (!other.fixed32.isEmpty()) {
+          if (result.fixed32 == null) {
+            result.fixed32 = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+          }
+          result.fixed32.addAll(other.fixed32);
+        }
+        if (!other.fixed64.isEmpty()) {
+          if (result.fixed64 == null) {
+            result.fixed64 = new ArrayList<Long>();
+          }
+          result.fixed64.addAll(other.fixed64);
+        }
+        if (!other.lengthDelimited.isEmpty()) {
+          if (result.lengthDelimited == null) {
+            result.lengthDelimited = new ArrayList<ByteString>();
+          }
+          result.lengthDelimited.addAll(other.lengthDelimited);
+        }
+        if (!other.group.isEmpty()) {
+          if (result.group == null) {
+            result.group = new ArrayList<UnknownFieldSet>();
+          }
+          result.group.addAll(other.group);
+        }
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      /** Add a varint value. */
+      public Builder addVarint(final long value) {
+        if (result.varint == null) {
+          result.varint = new ArrayList<Long>();
+        }
+        result.varint.add(value);
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      /** Add a fixed32 value. */
+      public Builder addFixed32(final int value) {
+        if (result.fixed32 == null) {
+          result.fixed32 = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+        }
+        result.fixed32.add(value);
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      /** Add a fixed64 value. */
+      public Builder addFixed64(final long value) {
+        if (result.fixed64 == null) {
+          result.fixed64 = new ArrayList<Long>();
+        }
+        result.fixed64.add(value);
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      /** Add a length-delimited value. */
+      public Builder addLengthDelimited(final ByteString value) {
+        if (result.lengthDelimited == null) {
+          result.lengthDelimited = new ArrayList<ByteString>();
+        }
+        result.lengthDelimited.add(value);
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      /** Add an embedded group. */
+      public Builder addGroup(final UnknownFieldSet value) {
+        if (result.group == null) {
+          result.group = new ArrayList<UnknownFieldSet>();
+        }
+        result.group.add(value);
+        return this;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Parser to implement MessageLite interface. */
+  public static final class Parser extends AbstractParser<UnknownFieldSet> {
+    @Override
+    public UnknownFieldSet parsePartialFrom(
+        CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      Builder builder = newBuilder();
+      try {
+        builder.mergeFrom(input);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(e).setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+      }
+      return builder.buildPartial();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static final Parser PARSER = new Parser();
+
+  @Override
+  public final Parser getParserForType() {
+    return PARSER;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetLite.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f6315c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * {@code UnknownFieldSetLite} is used to keep track of fields which were seen when parsing a
+ * protocol message but whose field numbers or types are unrecognized. This most frequently occurs
+ * when new fields are added to a message type and then messages containing those fields are read by
+ * old software that was compiled before the new types were added.
+ *
+ * <p>For use by generated code only.
+ *
+ * @author dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+ */
+public final class UnknownFieldSetLite {
+
+  // Arbitrarily chosen.
+  // TODO(dweis): Tune this number?
+  private static final int MIN_CAPACITY = 8;
+
+  private static final UnknownFieldSetLite DEFAULT_INSTANCE =
+      new UnknownFieldSetLite(0, new int[0], new Object[0], /* isMutable= */ false);
+
+  /**
+   * Get an empty {@code UnknownFieldSetLite}.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   */
+  public static UnknownFieldSetLite getDefaultInstance() {
+    return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns a new mutable instance. */
+  static UnknownFieldSetLite newInstance() {
+    return new UnknownFieldSetLite();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a mutable {@code UnknownFieldSetLite} that is the composite of {@code first} and {@code
+   * second}.
+   */
+  static UnknownFieldSetLite mutableCopyOf(UnknownFieldSetLite first, UnknownFieldSetLite second) {
+    int count = first.count + second.count;
+    int[] tags = Arrays.copyOf(first.tags, count);
+    System.arraycopy(second.tags, 0, tags, first.count, second.count);
+    Object[] objects = Arrays.copyOf(first.objects, count);
+    System.arraycopy(second.objects, 0, objects, first.count, second.count);
+    return new UnknownFieldSetLite(count, tags, objects, /* isMutable= */ true);
+  }
+
+  /** The number of elements in the set. */
+  private int count;
+
+  /** The tag numbers for the elements in the set. */
+  private int[] tags;
+
+  /** The boxed values of the elements in the set. */
+  private Object[] objects;
+
+  /** The lazily computed serialized size of the set. */
+  private int memoizedSerializedSize = -1;
+
+  /** Indicates that this object is mutable. */
+  private boolean isMutable;
+
+  /** Constructs a mutable {@code UnknownFieldSetLite}. */
+  private UnknownFieldSetLite() {
+    this(0, new int[MIN_CAPACITY], new Object[MIN_CAPACITY], /* isMutable= */ true);
+  }
+
+  /** Constructs the {@code UnknownFieldSetLite}. */
+  private UnknownFieldSetLite(int count, int[] tags, Object[] objects, boolean isMutable) {
+    this.count = count;
+    this.tags = tags;
+    this.objects = objects;
+    this.isMutable = isMutable;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Marks this object as immutable.
+   *
+   * <p>Future calls to methods that attempt to modify this object will throw.
+   */
+  public void makeImmutable() {
+    this.isMutable = false;
+  }
+
+  /** Throws an {@link UnsupportedOperationException} if immutable. */
+  void checkMutable() {
+    if (!isMutable) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes the set and writes it to {@code output}.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   */
+  public void writeTo(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      int tag = tags[i];
+      int fieldNumber = WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag);
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          output.writeUInt64(fieldNumber, (Long) objects[i]);
+          break;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          output.writeFixed32(fieldNumber, (Integer) objects[i]);
+          break;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          output.writeFixed64(fieldNumber, (Long) objects[i]);
+          break;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          output.writeBytes(fieldNumber, (ByteString) objects[i]);
+          break;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+          ((UnknownFieldSetLite) objects[i]).writeTo(output);
+          output.writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+          break;
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes the set and writes it to {@code output} using {@code MessageSet} wire format.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   */
+  public void writeAsMessageSetTo(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      int fieldNumber = WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tags[i]);
+      output.writeRawMessageSetExtension(fieldNumber, (ByteString) objects[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Serializes the set and writes it to {@code writer} using {@code MessageSet} wire format. */
+  void writeAsMessageSetTo(Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (writer.fieldOrder() == Writer.FieldOrder.DESCENDING) {
+      // Write fields in descending order.
+      for (int i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        int fieldNumber = WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tags[i]);
+        writer.writeMessageSetItem(fieldNumber, objects[i]);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Write fields in ascending order.
+      for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        int fieldNumber = WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tags[i]);
+        writer.writeMessageSetItem(fieldNumber, objects[i]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Serializes the set and writes it to {@code writer}. */
+  public void writeTo(Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    if (count == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: tags are not sorted, so there's no write order guarantees
+    if (writer.fieldOrder() == Writer.FieldOrder.ASCENDING) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        writeField(tags[i], objects[i], writer);
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = count - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        writeField(tags[i], objects[i], writer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void writeField(int tag, Object object, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    int fieldNumber = WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag);
+    switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+        writer.writeInt64(fieldNumber, (Long) object);
+        break;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+        writer.writeFixed32(fieldNumber, (Integer) object);
+        break;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+        writer.writeFixed64(fieldNumber, (Long) object);
+        break;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+        writer.writeBytes(fieldNumber, (ByteString) object);
+        break;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+        if (writer.fieldOrder() == Writer.FieldOrder.ASCENDING) {
+          writer.writeStartGroup(fieldNumber);
+          ((UnknownFieldSetLite) object).writeTo(writer);
+          writer.writeEndGroup(fieldNumber);
+        } else {
+          writer.writeEndGroup(fieldNumber);
+          ((UnknownFieldSetLite) object).writeTo(writer);
+          writer.writeStartGroup(fieldNumber);
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        // TODO(liujisi): Change writeTo to throw IOException?
+        throw new RuntimeException(InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the number of bytes required to encode this field, including field number, using {@code
+   * MessageSet} wire format.
+   */
+  public int getSerializedSizeAsMessageSet() {
+    int size = memoizedSerializedSize;
+    if (size != -1) {
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    size = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      int tag = tags[i];
+      int fieldNumber = WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag);
+      size +=
+          CodedOutputStream.computeRawMessageSetExtensionSize(fieldNumber, (ByteString) objects[i]);
+    }
+
+    memoizedSerializedSize = size;
+
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the number of bytes required to encode this set.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   */
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    int size = memoizedSerializedSize;
+    if (size != -1) {
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    size = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      int tag = tags[i];
+      int fieldNumber = WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag);
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          size += CodedOutputStream.computeUInt64Size(fieldNumber, (Long) objects[i]);
+          break;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          size += CodedOutputStream.computeFixed32Size(fieldNumber, (Integer) objects[i]);
+          break;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          size += CodedOutputStream.computeFixed64Size(fieldNumber, (Long) objects[i]);
+          break;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          size += CodedOutputStream.computeBytesSize(fieldNumber, (ByteString) objects[i]);
+          break;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          size +=
+              CodedOutputStream.computeTagSize(fieldNumber) * 2
+                  + ((UnknownFieldSetLite) objects[i]).getSerializedSize();
+          break;
+        default:
+          throw new IllegalStateException(InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType());
+      }
+    }
+
+    memoizedSerializedSize = size;
+
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean equals(int[] tags1, int[] tags2, int count) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      if (tags1[i] != tags2[i]) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean equals(Object[] objects1, Object[] objects2, int count) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      if (!objects1[i].equals(objects2[i])) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+    if (this == obj) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (obj == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!(obj instanceof UnknownFieldSetLite)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    UnknownFieldSetLite other = (UnknownFieldSetLite) obj;
+    if (count != other.count
+        || !equals(tags, other.tags, count)
+        || !equals(objects, other.objects, count)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private static int hashCode(int[] tags, int count) {
+    int hashCode = 17;
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      hashCode = 31 * hashCode + tags[i];
+    }
+    return hashCode;
+  }
+
+  private static int hashCode(Object[] objects, int count) {
+    int hashCode = 17;
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      hashCode = 31 * hashCode + objects[i].hashCode();
+    }
+    return hashCode;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    int hashCode = 17;
+
+    hashCode = 31 * hashCode + count;
+    hashCode = 31 * hashCode + hashCode(tags, count);
+    hashCode = 31 * hashCode + hashCode(objects, count);
+
+    return hashCode;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Prints a String representation of the unknown field set.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   *
+   * @param buffer the buffer to write to
+   * @param indent the number of spaces the fields should be indented by
+   */
+  final void printWithIndent(StringBuilder buffer, int indent) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      int fieldNumber = WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tags[i]);
+      MessageLiteToString.printField(buffer, indent, String.valueOf(fieldNumber), objects[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Package private for unsafe experimental runtime.
+  void storeField(int tag, Object value) {
+    checkMutable();
+    ensureCapacity();
+
+    tags[count] = tag;
+    objects[count] = value;
+    count++;
+  }
+
+  /** Ensures that our arrays are long enough to store more metadata. */
+  private void ensureCapacity() {
+    if (count == tags.length) {
+      int increment = count < (MIN_CAPACITY / 2) ? MIN_CAPACITY : count >> 1;
+      int newLength = count + increment;
+
+      tags = Arrays.copyOf(tags, newLength);
+      objects = Arrays.copyOf(objects, newLength);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse a single field from {@code input} and merge it into this set.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   *
+   * @param tag The field's tag number, which was already parsed.
+   * @return {@code false} if the tag is an end group tag.
+   */
+  boolean mergeFieldFrom(final int tag, final CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+    checkMutable();
+    final int fieldNumber = WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag);
+    switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+        storeField(tag, input.readInt64());
+        return true;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+        storeField(tag, input.readFixed32());
+        return true;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+        storeField(tag, input.readFixed64());
+        return true;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+        storeField(tag, input.readBytes());
+        return true;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+        final UnknownFieldSetLite subFieldSet = new UnknownFieldSetLite();
+        subFieldSet.mergeFrom(input);
+        input.checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+        storeField(tag, subFieldSet);
+        return true;
+      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+        return false;
+      default:
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convenience method for merging a new field containing a single varint value. This is used in
+   * particular when an unknown enum value is encountered.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   */
+  UnknownFieldSetLite mergeVarintField(int fieldNumber, int value) {
+    checkMutable();
+    if (fieldNumber == 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Zero is not a valid field number.");
+    }
+
+    storeField(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT), (long) value);
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convenience method for merging a length-delimited field.
+   *
+   * <p>For use by generated code only.
+   */
+  UnknownFieldSetLite mergeLengthDelimitedField(final int fieldNumber, final ByteString value) {
+    checkMutable();
+    if (fieldNumber == 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Zero is not a valid field number.");
+    }
+
+    storeField(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED), value);
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /** Parse an entire message from {@code input} and merge its fields into this set. */
+  private UnknownFieldSetLite mergeFrom(final CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+    // Ensures initialization in mergeFieldFrom.
+    while (true) {
+      final int tag = input.readTag();
+      if (tag == 0 || !mergeFieldFrom(tag, input)) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetLiteSchema.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetLiteSchema.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ffd723230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetLiteSchema.java
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+class UnknownFieldSetLiteSchema
+    extends UnknownFieldSchema<UnknownFieldSetLite, UnknownFieldSetLite> {
+
+  UnknownFieldSetLiteSchema() {}
+
+  @Override
+  boolean shouldDiscardUnknownFields(Reader reader) {
+    // We never drop unknown fields in lite.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  UnknownFieldSetLite newBuilder() {
+    return UnknownFieldSetLite.newInstance();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void addVarint(UnknownFieldSetLite fields, int number, long value) {
+    fields.storeField(WireFormat.makeTag(number, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT), value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void addFixed32(UnknownFieldSetLite fields, int number, int value) {
+    fields.storeField(WireFormat.makeTag(number, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32), value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void addFixed64(UnknownFieldSetLite fields, int number, long value) {
+    fields.storeField(WireFormat.makeTag(number, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64), value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void addLengthDelimited(UnknownFieldSetLite fields, int number, ByteString value) {
+    fields.storeField(WireFormat.makeTag(number, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED), value);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void addGroup(UnknownFieldSetLite fields, int number, UnknownFieldSetLite subFieldSet) {
+    fields.storeField(WireFormat.makeTag(number, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP), subFieldSet);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  UnknownFieldSetLite toImmutable(UnknownFieldSetLite fields) {
+    fields.makeImmutable();
+    return fields;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void setToMessage(Object message, UnknownFieldSetLite fields) {
+    ((GeneratedMessageLite<?, ?>) message).unknownFields = fields;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  UnknownFieldSetLite getFromMessage(Object message) {
+    return ((GeneratedMessageLite<?, ?>) message).unknownFields;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  UnknownFieldSetLite getBuilderFromMessage(Object message) {
+    UnknownFieldSetLite unknownFields = getFromMessage(message);
+    // When parsing into a lite message object, its UnknownFieldSet is either the default instance
+    // or mutable. It can't be in a state where it's immutable but not default instance.
+    if (unknownFields == UnknownFieldSetLite.getDefaultInstance()) {
+      unknownFields = UnknownFieldSetLite.newInstance();
+      setToMessage(message, unknownFields);
+    }
+    return unknownFields;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void setBuilderToMessage(Object message, UnknownFieldSetLite fields) {
+    setToMessage(message, fields);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void makeImmutable(Object message) {
+    getFromMessage(message).makeImmutable();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void writeTo(UnknownFieldSetLite fields, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    fields.writeTo(writer);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void writeAsMessageSetTo(UnknownFieldSetLite fields, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    fields.writeAsMessageSetTo(writer);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  UnknownFieldSetLite merge(UnknownFieldSetLite message, UnknownFieldSetLite other) {
+    return other.equals(UnknownFieldSetLite.getDefaultInstance())
+        ? message
+        : UnknownFieldSetLite.mutableCopyOf(message, other);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  int getSerializedSize(UnknownFieldSetLite unknowns) {
+    return unknowns.getSerializedSize();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  int getSerializedSizeAsMessageSet(UnknownFieldSetLite unknowns) {
+    return unknowns.getSerializedSizeAsMessageSet();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetSchema.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetSchema.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b838c4b54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetSchema.java
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+class UnknownFieldSetSchema extends UnknownFieldSchema<UnknownFieldSet, UnknownFieldSet.Builder> {
+
+  private final boolean proto3;
+
+  public UnknownFieldSetSchema(boolean proto3) {
+    this.proto3 = proto3;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  boolean shouldDiscardUnknownFields(Reader reader) {
+    return reader.shouldDiscardUnknownFields();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  UnknownFieldSet.Builder newBuilder() {
+    return UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void addVarint(UnknownFieldSet.Builder fields, int number, long value) {
+    fields.mergeField(number, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(value).build());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void addFixed32(UnknownFieldSet.Builder fields, int number, int value) {
+    fields.mergeField(number, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addFixed32(value).build());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void addFixed64(UnknownFieldSet.Builder fields, int number, long value) {
+    fields.mergeField(number, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addFixed64(value).build());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void addLengthDelimited(UnknownFieldSet.Builder fields, int number, ByteString value) {
+    fields.mergeField(number, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addLengthDelimited(value).build());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void addGroup(UnknownFieldSet.Builder fields, int number, UnknownFieldSet subFieldSet) {
+    fields.mergeField(number, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addGroup(subFieldSet).build());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  UnknownFieldSet toImmutable(UnknownFieldSet.Builder fields) {
+    return fields.build();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void writeTo(UnknownFieldSet message, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    message.writeTo(writer);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void writeAsMessageSetTo(UnknownFieldSet message, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+    message.writeAsMessageSetTo(writer);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  UnknownFieldSet getFromMessage(Object message) {
+    return ((GeneratedMessageV3) message).unknownFields;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void setToMessage(Object message, UnknownFieldSet fields) {
+    ((GeneratedMessageV3) message).unknownFields = fields;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  UnknownFieldSet.Builder getBuilderFromMessage(Object message) {
+    return ((GeneratedMessageV3) message).unknownFields.toBuilder();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void setBuilderToMessage(Object message, UnknownFieldSet.Builder builder) {
+    ((GeneratedMessageV3) message).unknownFields = builder.build();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void makeImmutable(Object message) {
+    // Already immutable.
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  UnknownFieldSet merge(UnknownFieldSet message, UnknownFieldSet other) {
+    return message.toBuilder().mergeFrom(other).build();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  int getSerializedSize(UnknownFieldSet message) {
+    return message.getSerializedSize();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  int getSerializedSizeAsMessageSet(UnknownFieldSet unknowns) {
+    return unknowns.getSerializedSizeAsMessageSet();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnmodifiableLazyStringList.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnmodifiableLazyStringList.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..415b2cde0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnmodifiableLazyStringList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.util.AbstractList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.ListIterator;
+import java.util.RandomAccess;
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of {@link LazyStringList} that wraps another {@link LazyStringList} such that
+ * it cannot be modified via the wrapper.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class UnmodifiableLazyStringList extends AbstractList<String>
+    implements LazyStringList, RandomAccess {
+
+  private final LazyStringList list;
+
+  public UnmodifiableLazyStringList(LazyStringList list) {
+    this.list = list;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String get(int index) {
+    return list.get(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object getRaw(int index) {
+    return list.getRaw(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int size() {
+    return list.size();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ByteString getByteString(int index) {
+    return list.getByteString(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void add(ByteString element) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void set(int index, ByteString element) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAllByteString(Collection<? extends ByteString> element) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public byte[] getByteArray(int index) {
+    return list.getByteArray(index);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void add(byte[] element) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void set(int index, byte[] element) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAllByteArray(Collection<byte[]> element) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ListIterator<String> listIterator(final int index) {
+    return new ListIterator<String>() {
+      ListIterator<String> iter = list.listIterator(index);
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean hasNext() {
+        return iter.hasNext();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public String next() {
+        return iter.next();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean hasPrevious() {
+        return iter.hasPrevious();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public String previous() {
+        return iter.previous();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int nextIndex() {
+        return iter.nextIndex();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int previousIndex() {
+        return iter.previousIndex();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void remove() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void set(String o) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void add(String o) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Iterator<String> iterator() {
+    return new Iterator<String>() {
+      Iterator<String> iter = list.iterator();
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean hasNext() {
+        return iter.hasNext();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public String next() {
+        return iter.next();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void remove() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<?> getUnderlyingElements() {
+    // The returned value is already unmodifiable.
+    return list.getUnderlyingElements();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void mergeFrom(LazyStringList other) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<byte[]> asByteArrayList() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableList(list.asByteArrayList());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<ByteString> asByteStringList() {
+    return Collections.unmodifiableList(list.asByteStringList());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public LazyStringList getUnmodifiableView() {
+    return this;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeByteOperations.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeByteOperations.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bcaf1d2f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeByteOperations.java
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * Provides a number of unsafe byte operations to be used by advanced applications with high
+ * performance requirements. These methods are referred to as "unsafe" due to the fact that they
+ * potentially expose the backing buffer of a {@link ByteString} to the application.
+ *
+ * <p><strong>DISCLAIMER:</strong> The methods in this class should only be called if it is
+ * guaranteed that the buffer backing the {@link ByteString} will never change! Mutation of a {@link
+ * ByteString} can lead to unexpected and undesirable consequences in your application, and will
+ * likely be difficult to debug. Proceed with caution!
+ *
+ * <p>This can have a number of significant side affects that have spooky-action-at-a-distance-like
+ * behavior. In particular, if the bytes value changes out from under a Protocol Buffer:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>serialization may throw
+ *   <li>serialization may succeed but the wrong bytes may be written out
+ *   <li>messages are no longer threadsafe
+ *   <li>hashCode may be incorrect
+ *       <ul>
+ *         <li>can result in a permanent memory leak when used as a key in a long-lived HashMap
+ *         <li>the semantics of many programs may be violated if this is the case
+ *       </ul>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * Each of these issues will occur in parts of the code base that are entirely distinct from the
+ * parts of the code base modifying the buffer. In fact, both parts of the code base may be correct
+ * - it is the bridging with the unsafe operations that was in error!
+ */
+@ExperimentalApi
+public final class UnsafeByteOperations {
+  private UnsafeByteOperations() {}
+
+  /**
+   * An unsafe operation that returns a {@link ByteString} that is backed by the provided buffer.
+   *
+   * @param buffer the buffer to be wrapped
+   * @return a {@link ByteString} backed by the provided buffer
+   */
+  public static ByteString unsafeWrap(byte[] buffer) {
+    return ByteString.wrap(buffer);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * An unsafe operation that returns a {@link ByteString} that is backed by a subregion of the
+   * provided buffer.
+   *
+   * @param buffer the buffer to be wrapped
+   * @param offset the offset of the wrapped region
+   * @param length the number of bytes of the wrapped region
+   * @return a {@link ByteString} backed by the provided buffer
+   */
+  public static ByteString unsafeWrap(byte[] buffer, int offset, int length) {
+    return ByteString.wrap(buffer, offset, length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * An unsafe operation that returns a {@link ByteString} that is backed by the provided buffer.
+   *
+   * @param buffer the Java NIO buffer to be wrapped
+   * @return a {@link ByteString} backed by the provided buffer
+   */
+  public static ByteString unsafeWrap(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    return ByteString.wrap(buffer);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Writes the given {@link ByteString} to the provided {@link ByteOutput}. Calling this method may
+   * result in multiple operations on the target {@link ByteOutput} (i.e. for roped {@link
+   * ByteString}s).
+   *
+   * <p>This method exposes the internal backing buffer(s) of the {@link ByteString} to the {@link
+   * ByteOutput} in order to avoid additional copying overhead. It would be possible for a malicious
+   * {@link ByteOutput} to corrupt the {@link ByteString}. Use with caution!
+   *
+   * <p>NOTE: The {@link ByteOutput} <strong>MUST NOT</strong> modify the provided buffers. Doing so
+   * may result in corrupted data, which would be difficult to debug.
+   *
+   * @param bytes the {@link ByteString} to be written
+   * @param output the output to receive the bytes
+   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+   */
+  public static void unsafeWriteTo(ByteString bytes, ByteOutput output) throws IOException {
+    bytes.writeTo(output);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeUtil.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b435327ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,977 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.nio.Buffer;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.security.AccessController;
+import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/** Utility class for working with unsafe operations. */
+final class UnsafeUtil {
+  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UnsafeUtil.class.getName());
+  private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE = getUnsafe();
+  private static final Class<?> MEMORY_CLASS = Android.getMemoryClass();
+  private static final boolean IS_ANDROID_64 = determineAndroidSupportByAddressSize(long.class);
+  private static final boolean IS_ANDROID_32 = determineAndroidSupportByAddressSize(int.class);
+  private static final MemoryAccessor MEMORY_ACCESSOR = getMemoryAccessor();
+  private static final boolean HAS_UNSAFE_BYTEBUFFER_OPERATIONS =
+      supportsUnsafeByteBufferOperations();
+  private static final boolean HAS_UNSAFE_ARRAY_OPERATIONS = supportsUnsafeArrayOperations();
+
+  static final long BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET = arrayBaseOffset(byte[].class);
+  // Micro-optimization: we can assume a scale of 1 and skip the multiply
+  // private static final long BYTE_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE = 1;
+
+  private static final long BOOLEAN_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET = arrayBaseOffset(boolean[].class);
+  private static final long BOOLEAN_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE = arrayIndexScale(boolean[].class);
+
+  private static final long INT_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET = arrayBaseOffset(int[].class);
+  private static final long INT_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE = arrayIndexScale(int[].class);
+
+  private static final long LONG_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET = arrayBaseOffset(long[].class);
+  private static final long LONG_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE = arrayIndexScale(long[].class);
+
+  private static final long FLOAT_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET = arrayBaseOffset(float[].class);
+  private static final long FLOAT_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE = arrayIndexScale(float[].class);
+
+  private static final long DOUBLE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET = arrayBaseOffset(double[].class);
+  private static final long DOUBLE_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE = arrayIndexScale(double[].class);
+
+  private static final long OBJECT_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET = arrayBaseOffset(Object[].class);
+  private static final long OBJECT_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE = arrayIndexScale(Object[].class);
+
+  private static final long BUFFER_ADDRESS_OFFSET = fieldOffset(bufferAddressField());
+
+  private static final int STRIDE = 8;
+  private static final int STRIDE_ALIGNMENT_MASK = STRIDE - 1;
+  private static final int BYTE_ARRAY_ALIGNMENT =
+      (int) (BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET & STRIDE_ALIGNMENT_MASK);
+
+  static final boolean IS_BIG_ENDIAN = ByteOrder.nativeOrder() == ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN;
+
+  private UnsafeUtil() {}
+
+  static boolean hasUnsafeArrayOperations() {
+    return HAS_UNSAFE_ARRAY_OPERATIONS;
+  }
+
+  static boolean hasUnsafeByteBufferOperations() {
+    return HAS_UNSAFE_BYTEBUFFER_OPERATIONS;
+  }
+
+  static boolean isAndroid64() {
+    return IS_ANDROID_64;
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // safe by method contract
+  static <T> T allocateInstance(Class<T> clazz) {
+    try {
+      return (T) UNSAFE.allocateInstance(clazz);
+    } catch (InstantiationException e) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static long objectFieldOffset(Field field) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.objectFieldOffset(field);
+  }
+
+  private static int arrayBaseOffset(Class<?> clazz) {
+    return HAS_UNSAFE_ARRAY_OPERATIONS ? MEMORY_ACCESSOR.arrayBaseOffset(clazz) : -1;
+  }
+
+  private static int arrayIndexScale(Class<?> clazz) {
+    return HAS_UNSAFE_ARRAY_OPERATIONS ? MEMORY_ACCESSOR.arrayIndexScale(clazz) : -1;
+  }
+
+  static byte getByte(Object target, long offset) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getByte(target, offset);
+  }
+
+  static void putByte(Object target, long offset, byte value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putByte(target, offset, value);
+  }
+
+  static int getInt(Object target, long offset) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getInt(target, offset);
+  }
+
+  static void putInt(Object target, long offset, int value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putInt(target, offset, value);
+  }
+
+  static long getLong(Object target, long offset) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getLong(target, offset);
+  }
+
+  static void putLong(Object target, long offset, long value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putLong(target, offset, value);
+  }
+
+  static boolean getBoolean(Object target, long offset) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getBoolean(target, offset);
+  }
+
+  static void putBoolean(Object target, long offset, boolean value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putBoolean(target, offset, value);
+  }
+
+  static float getFloat(Object target, long offset) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getFloat(target, offset);
+  }
+
+  static void putFloat(Object target, long offset, float value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putFloat(target, offset, value);
+  }
+
+  static double getDouble(Object target, long offset) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getDouble(target, offset);
+  }
+
+  static void putDouble(Object target, long offset, double value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putDouble(target, offset, value);
+  }
+
+  static Object getObject(Object target, long offset) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getObject(target, offset);
+  }
+
+  static void putObject(Object target, long offset, Object value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putObject(target, offset, value);
+  }
+
+  static byte getByte(byte[] target, long index) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getByte(target, BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + index);
+  }
+
+  static void putByte(byte[] target, long index, byte value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putByte(target, BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + index, value);
+  }
+
+  static int getInt(int[] target, long index) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getInt(target, INT_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + (index * INT_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE));
+  }
+
+  static void putInt(int[] target, long index, int value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putInt(target, INT_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + (index * INT_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE), value);
+  }
+
+  static long getLong(long[] target, long index) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getLong(
+        target, LONG_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + (index * LONG_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE));
+  }
+
+  static void putLong(long[] target, long index, long value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putLong(
+        target, LONG_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + (index * LONG_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE), value);
+  }
+
+  static boolean getBoolean(boolean[] target, long index) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getBoolean(
+        target, BOOLEAN_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + (index * BOOLEAN_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE));
+  }
+
+  static void putBoolean(boolean[] target, long index, boolean value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putBoolean(
+        target, BOOLEAN_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + (index * BOOLEAN_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE), value);
+  }
+
+  static float getFloat(float[] target, long index) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getFloat(
+        target, FLOAT_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + (index * FLOAT_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE));
+  }
+
+  static void putFloat(float[] target, long index, float value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putFloat(
+        target, FLOAT_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + (index * FLOAT_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE), value);
+  }
+
+  static double getDouble(double[] target, long index) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getDouble(
+        target, DOUBLE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + (index * DOUBLE_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE));
+  }
+
+  static void putDouble(double[] target, long index, double value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putDouble(
+        target, DOUBLE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + (index * DOUBLE_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE), value);
+  }
+
+  static Object getObject(Object[] target, long index) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getObject(
+        target, OBJECT_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + (index * OBJECT_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE));
+  }
+
+  static void putObject(Object[] target, long index, Object value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putObject(
+        target, OBJECT_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + (index * OBJECT_ARRAY_INDEX_SCALE), value);
+  }
+
+  static void copyMemory(byte[] src, long srcIndex, long targetOffset, long length) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.copyMemory(src, srcIndex, targetOffset, length);
+  }
+
+  static void copyMemory(long srcOffset, byte[] target, long targetIndex, long length) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.copyMemory(srcOffset, target, targetIndex, length);
+  }
+
+  static void copyMemory(byte[] src, long srcIndex, byte[] target, long targetIndex, long length) {
+    System.arraycopy(src, (int) srcIndex, target, (int) targetIndex, (int) length);
+  }
+
+  static byte getByte(long address) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getByte(address);
+  }
+
+  static void putByte(long address, byte value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putByte(address, value);
+  }
+
+  static int getInt(long address) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getInt(address);
+  }
+
+  static void putInt(long address, int value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putInt(address, value);
+  }
+
+  static long getLong(long address) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getLong(address);
+  }
+
+  static void putLong(long address, long value) {
+    MEMORY_ACCESSOR.putLong(address, value);
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the offset of the {@code address} field of the given direct {@link ByteBuffer}. */
+  static long addressOffset(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getLong(buffer, BUFFER_ADDRESS_OFFSET);
+  }
+
+  static Object getStaticObject(Field field) {
+    return MEMORY_ACCESSOR.getStaticObject(field);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the {@code sun.misc.Unsafe} instance, or {@code null} if not available on this platform.
+   */
+  static sun.misc.Unsafe getUnsafe() {
+    sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = null;
+    try {
+      unsafe =
+          AccessController.doPrivileged(
+              new PrivilegedExceptionAction<sun.misc.Unsafe>() {
+                @Override
+                public sun.misc.Unsafe run() throws Exception {
+                  Class<sun.misc.Unsafe> k = sun.misc.Unsafe.class;
+
+                  for (Field f : k.getDeclaredFields()) {
+                    f.setAccessible(true);
+                    Object x = f.get(null);
+                    if (k.isInstance(x)) {
+                      return k.cast(x);
+                    }
+                  }
+                  // The sun.misc.Unsafe field does not exist.
+                  return null;
+                }
+              });
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      // Catching Throwable here due to the fact that Google AppEngine raises NoClassDefFoundError
+      // for Unsafe.
+    }
+    return unsafe;
+  }
+
+  /** Get a {@link MemoryAccessor} appropriate for the platform, or null if not supported. */
+  private static MemoryAccessor getMemoryAccessor() {
+    if (UNSAFE == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    if (Android.isOnAndroidDevice()) {
+      if (IS_ANDROID_64) {
+        return new Android64MemoryAccessor(UNSAFE);
+      } else if (IS_ANDROID_32) {
+        return new Android32MemoryAccessor(UNSAFE);
+      } else {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return new JvmMemoryAccessor(UNSAFE);
+  }
+
+  /** Indicates whether or not unsafe array operations are supported on this platform. */
+  private static boolean supportsUnsafeArrayOperations() {
+    if (UNSAFE == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    try {
+      Class<?> clazz = UNSAFE.getClass();
+      clazz.getMethod("objectFieldOffset", Field.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("arrayBaseOffset", Class.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("arrayIndexScale", Class.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("getInt", Object.class, long.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("putInt", Object.class, long.class, int.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("getLong", Object.class, long.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("putLong", Object.class, long.class, long.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("getObject", Object.class, long.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("putObject", Object.class, long.class, Object.class);
+      if (Android.isOnAndroidDevice()) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      clazz.getMethod("getByte", Object.class, long.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("putByte", Object.class, long.class, byte.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("getBoolean", Object.class, long.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("putBoolean", Object.class, long.class, boolean.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("getFloat", Object.class, long.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("putFloat", Object.class, long.class, float.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("getDouble", Object.class, long.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("putDouble", Object.class, long.class, double.class);
+
+      return true;
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      logger.log(
+          Level.WARNING,
+          "platform method missing - proto runtime falling back to safer methods: " + e);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean supportsUnsafeByteBufferOperations() {
+    if (UNSAFE == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    try {
+      Class<?> clazz = UNSAFE.getClass();
+      // Methods for getting direct buffer address.
+      clazz.getMethod("objectFieldOffset", Field.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("getLong", Object.class, long.class);
+
+      if (bufferAddressField() == null) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (Android.isOnAndroidDevice()) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      clazz.getMethod("getByte", long.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("putByte", long.class, byte.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("getInt", long.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("putInt", long.class, int.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("getLong", long.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("putLong", long.class, long.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("copyMemory", long.class, long.class, long.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("copyMemory", Object.class, long.class, Object.class, long.class, long.class);
+      return true;
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      logger.log(
+          Level.WARNING,
+          "platform method missing - proto runtime falling back to safer methods: " + e);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean determineAndroidSupportByAddressSize(Class<?> addressClass) {
+    if (!Android.isOnAndroidDevice()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    try {
+      Class<?> clazz = MEMORY_CLASS;
+      clazz.getMethod("peekLong", addressClass, boolean.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("pokeLong", addressClass, long.class, boolean.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("pokeInt", addressClass, int.class, boolean.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("peekInt", addressClass, boolean.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("pokeByte", addressClass, byte.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("peekByte", addressClass);
+      clazz.getMethod("pokeByteArray", addressClass, byte[].class, int.class, int.class);
+      clazz.getMethod("peekByteArray", addressClass, byte[].class, int.class, int.class);
+      return true;
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Finds the address field within a direct {@link Buffer}. */
+  private static Field bufferAddressField() {
+    if (Android.isOnAndroidDevice()) {
+      // Old versions of Android had renamed the address field to 'effectiveDirectAddress', but
+      // recent versions of Android (>M?) use the OpenJDK implementation. Fall through in that case.
+      Field field = field(Buffer.class, "effectiveDirectAddress");
+      if (field != null) {
+        return field;
+      }
+    }
+    Field field = field(Buffer.class, "address");
+    return field != null && field.getType() == long.class ? field : null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the index of the first byte where left and right differ, in the range [0, 8]. If {@code
+   * left == right}, the result will be 8, otherwise less than 8.
+   *
+   * <p>This counts from the *first* byte, which may be the most or least significant byte depending
+   * on the system endianness.
+   */
+  private static int firstDifferingByteIndexNativeEndian(long left, long right) {
+    int n =
+        IS_BIG_ENDIAN
+            ? Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(left ^ right)
+            : Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(left ^ right);
+    return n >> 3;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the lowest {@code index} such that {@code 0 <= index < length} and {@code left[leftOff
+   * + index] != right[rightOff + index]}. If no such value exists -- if {@code left} and {@code
+   * right} match up to {@code length} bytes from their respective offsets -- returns -1.
+   *
+   * <p>{@code leftOff + length} must be less than or equal to {@code left.length}, and the same for
+   * {@code right}.
+   */
+  static int mismatch(byte[] left, int leftOff, byte[] right, int rightOff, int length) {
+    if (leftOff < 0
+        || rightOff < 0
+        || length < 0
+        || leftOff + length > left.length
+        || rightOff + length > right.length) {
+      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+    }
+
+    int index = 0;
+    if (HAS_UNSAFE_ARRAY_OPERATIONS) {
+      int leftAlignment = (BYTE_ARRAY_ALIGNMENT + leftOff) & STRIDE_ALIGNMENT_MASK;
+
+      // Most CPUs handle getting chunks of bytes better on addresses that are a multiple of 4
+      // or 8.
+      // We walk one byte at a time until the left address, at least, is a multiple of 8.
+      // If the right address is, too, so much the better.
+      for (;
+          index < length && (leftAlignment & STRIDE_ALIGNMENT_MASK) != 0;
+          index++, leftAlignment++) {
+        if (left[leftOff + index] != right[rightOff + index]) {
+          return index;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Stride!  Grab eight bytes at a time from left and right and check them for equality.
+
+      int strideLength = ((length - index) & ~STRIDE_ALIGNMENT_MASK) + index;
+      // strideLength is the point where we want to stop striding: it differs from index by
+      // a multiple of STRIDE, and it's the largest such number <= length.
+
+      for (; index < strideLength; index += STRIDE) {
+        long leftLongWord = getLong(left, BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + leftOff + index);
+        long rightLongWord = getLong(right, BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + rightOff + index);
+        if (leftLongWord != rightLongWord) {
+          // one of these eight bytes differ!  use a helper to find out which one
+          return index + firstDifferingByteIndexNativeEndian(leftLongWord, rightLongWord);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // If we were able to stride, there are at most STRIDE - 1 bytes left to compare.
+    // If we weren't, then this loop covers the whole thing.
+    for (; index < length; index++) {
+      if (left[leftOff + index] != right[rightOff + index]) {
+        return index;
+      }
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the offset of the provided field, or {@code -1} if {@code sun.misc.Unsafe} is not
+   * available.
+   */
+  private static long fieldOffset(Field field) {
+    return field == null || MEMORY_ACCESSOR == null ? -1 : MEMORY_ACCESSOR.objectFieldOffset(field);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the field with the given name within the class, or {@code null} if not found.
+   */
+  private static Field field(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName) {
+    Field field;
+    try {
+      field = clazz.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // Failed to access the fields.
+      field = null;
+    }
+    return field;
+  }
+
+  private abstract static class MemoryAccessor {
+
+    sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe;
+
+    MemoryAccessor(sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe) {
+      this.unsafe = unsafe;
+    }
+
+    public final long objectFieldOffset(Field field) {
+      return unsafe.objectFieldOffset(field);
+    }
+
+    public abstract byte getByte(Object target, long offset);
+
+    public abstract void putByte(Object target, long offset, byte value);
+
+    public final int getInt(Object target, long offset) {
+      return unsafe.getInt(target, offset);
+    }
+
+    public final void putInt(Object target, long offset, int value) {
+      unsafe.putInt(target, offset, value);
+    }
+
+    public final long getLong(Object target, long offset) {
+      return unsafe.getLong(target, offset);
+    }
+
+    public final void putLong(Object target, long offset, long value) {
+      unsafe.putLong(target, offset, value);
+    }
+
+    public abstract boolean getBoolean(Object target, long offset);
+
+    public abstract void putBoolean(Object target, long offset, boolean value);
+
+    public abstract float getFloat(Object target, long offset);
+
+    public abstract void putFloat(Object target, long offset, float value);
+
+    public abstract double getDouble(Object target, long offset);
+
+    public abstract void putDouble(Object target, long offset, double value);
+
+    public final Object getObject(Object target, long offset) {
+      return unsafe.getObject(target, offset);
+    }
+
+    public final void putObject(Object target, long offset, Object value) {
+      unsafe.putObject(target, offset, value);
+    }
+
+    public final int arrayBaseOffset(Class<?> clazz) {
+      return unsafe.arrayBaseOffset(clazz);
+    }
+
+    public final int arrayIndexScale(Class<?> clazz) {
+      return unsafe.arrayIndexScale(clazz);
+    }
+
+    public abstract byte getByte(long address);
+
+    public abstract void putByte(long address, byte value);
+
+    public abstract int getInt(long address);
+
+    public abstract void putInt(long address, int value);
+
+    public abstract long getLong(long address);
+
+    public abstract void putLong(long address, long value);
+
+    public abstract Object getStaticObject(Field field);
+
+    public abstract void copyMemory(long srcOffset, byte[] target, long targetIndex, long length);
+
+    public abstract void copyMemory(byte[] src, long srcIndex, long targetOffset, long length);
+  }
+
+  private static final class JvmMemoryAccessor extends MemoryAccessor {
+
+    JvmMemoryAccessor(sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe) {
+      super(unsafe);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte getByte(long address) {
+      return unsafe.getByte(address);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putByte(long address, byte value) {
+      unsafe.putByte(address, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getInt(long address) {
+      return unsafe.getInt(address);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putInt(long address, int value) {
+      unsafe.putInt(address, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getLong(long address) {
+      return unsafe.getLong(address);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putLong(long address, long value) {
+      unsafe.putLong(address, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte getByte(Object target, long offset) {
+      return unsafe.getByte(target, offset);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putByte(Object target, long offset, byte value) {
+      unsafe.putByte(target, offset, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean getBoolean(Object target, long offset) {
+      return unsafe.getBoolean(target, offset);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putBoolean(Object target, long offset, boolean value) {
+      unsafe.putBoolean(target, offset, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float getFloat(Object target, long offset) {
+      return unsafe.getFloat(target, offset);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putFloat(Object target, long offset, float value) {
+      unsafe.putFloat(target, offset, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double getDouble(Object target, long offset) {
+      return unsafe.getDouble(target, offset);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putDouble(Object target, long offset, double value) {
+      unsafe.putDouble(target, offset, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void copyMemory(long srcOffset, byte[] target, long targetIndex, long length) {
+      unsafe.copyMemory(null, srcOffset, target, BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + targetIndex, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void copyMemory(byte[] src, long srcIndex, long targetOffset, long length) {
+      unsafe.copyMemory(src, BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET + srcIndex, null, targetOffset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getStaticObject(Field field) {
+      return getObject(unsafe.staticFieldBase(field), unsafe.staticFieldOffset(field));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static final class Android64MemoryAccessor extends MemoryAccessor {
+
+    Android64MemoryAccessor(sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe) {
+      super(unsafe);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte getByte(long address) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putByte(long address, byte value) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getInt(long address) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putInt(long address, int value) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getLong(long address) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putLong(long address, long value) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte getByte(Object target, long offset) {
+      if (IS_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+        return getByteBigEndian(target, offset);
+      } else {
+        return getByteLittleEndian(target, offset);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putByte(Object target, long offset, byte value) {
+      if (IS_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+        putByteBigEndian(target, offset, value);
+      } else {
+        putByteLittleEndian(target, offset, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean getBoolean(Object target, long offset) {
+      if (IS_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+        return getBooleanBigEndian(target, offset);
+      } else {
+        return getBooleanLittleEndian(target, offset);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putBoolean(Object target, long offset, boolean value) {
+      if (IS_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+        putBooleanBigEndian(target, offset, value);
+      } else {
+        putBooleanLittleEndian(target, offset, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float getFloat(Object target, long offset) {
+      return Float.intBitsToFloat(getInt(target, offset));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putFloat(Object target, long offset, float value) {
+      putInt(target, offset, Float.floatToIntBits(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double getDouble(Object target, long offset) {
+      return Double.longBitsToDouble(getLong(target, offset));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putDouble(Object target, long offset, double value) {
+      putLong(target, offset, Double.doubleToLongBits(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void copyMemory(long srcOffset, byte[] target, long targetIndex, long length) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void copyMemory(byte[] src, long srcIndex, long targetOffset, long length) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getStaticObject(Field field) {
+      try {
+        return field.get(null);
+      } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static final class Android32MemoryAccessor extends MemoryAccessor {
+
+    /** Mask used to convert a 64 bit memory address to a 32 bit address. */
+    private static final long SMALL_ADDRESS_MASK = 0x00000000FFFFFFFF;
+
+    /** Truncate a {@code long} address into a short {@code int} address. */
+    private static int smallAddress(long address) {
+      return (int) (SMALL_ADDRESS_MASK & address);
+    }
+
+    Android32MemoryAccessor(sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe) {
+      super(unsafe);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte getByte(long address) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putByte(long address, byte value) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getInt(long address) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putInt(long address, int value) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getLong(long address) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putLong(long address, long value) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte getByte(Object target, long offset) {
+      if (IS_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+        return getByteBigEndian(target, offset);
+      } else {
+        return getByteLittleEndian(target, offset);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putByte(Object target, long offset, byte value) {
+      if (IS_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+        putByteBigEndian(target, offset, value);
+      } else {
+        putByteLittleEndian(target, offset, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean getBoolean(Object target, long offset) {
+      if (IS_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+        return getBooleanBigEndian(target, offset);
+      } else {
+        return getBooleanLittleEndian(target, offset);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putBoolean(Object target, long offset, boolean value) {
+      if (IS_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+        putBooleanBigEndian(target, offset, value);
+      } else {
+        putBooleanLittleEndian(target, offset, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float getFloat(Object target, long offset) {
+      return Float.intBitsToFloat(getInt(target, offset));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putFloat(Object target, long offset, float value) {
+      putInt(target, offset, Float.floatToIntBits(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double getDouble(Object target, long offset) {
+      return Double.longBitsToDouble(getLong(target, offset));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void putDouble(Object target, long offset, double value) {
+      putLong(target, offset, Double.doubleToLongBits(value));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void copyMemory(long srcOffset, byte[] target, long targetIndex, long length) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void copyMemory(byte[] src, long srcIndex, long targetOffset, long length) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getStaticObject(Field field) {
+      try {
+        return field.get(null);
+      } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static byte getByteBigEndian(Object target, long offset) {
+    return (byte) ((getInt(target, offset & ~3) >>> ((~offset & 3) << 3)) & 0xFF);
+  }
+
+  private static byte getByteLittleEndian(Object target, long offset) {
+    return (byte) ((getInt(target, offset & ~3) >>> ((offset & 3) << 3)) & 0xFF);
+  }
+
+  private static void putByteBigEndian(Object target, long offset, byte value) {
+    int intValue = getInt(target, offset & ~3);
+    int shift = ((~(int) offset) & 3) << 3;
+    int output = (intValue & ~(0xFF << shift)) | ((0xFF & value) << shift);
+    putInt(target, offset & ~3, output);
+  }
+
+  private static void putByteLittleEndian(Object target, long offset, byte value) {
+    int intValue = getInt(target, offset & ~3);
+    int shift = (((int) offset) & 3) << 3;
+    int output = (intValue & ~(0xFF << shift)) | ((0xFF & value) << shift);
+    putInt(target, offset & ~3, output);
+  }
+
+  private static boolean getBooleanBigEndian(Object target, long offset) {
+    return getByteBigEndian(target, offset) != 0;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean getBooleanLittleEndian(Object target, long offset) {
+    return getByteLittleEndian(target, offset) != 0;
+  }
+
+  private static void putBooleanBigEndian(Object target, long offset, boolean value) {
+    putByteBigEndian(target, offset, (byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+  }
+
+  private static void putBooleanLittleEndian(Object target, long offset, boolean value) {
+    putByteLittleEndian(target, offset, (byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Utf8.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Utf8.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..104ab0983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Utf8.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1976 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnsafeUtil.addressOffset;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnsafeUtil.hasUnsafeArrayOperations;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnsafeUtil.hasUnsafeByteBufferOperations;
+import static java.lang.Character.MAX_SURROGATE;
+import static java.lang.Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE;
+import static java.lang.Character.MIN_LOW_SURROGATE;
+import static java.lang.Character.MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT;
+import static java.lang.Character.MIN_SURROGATE;
+import static java.lang.Character.isSurrogatePair;
+import static java.lang.Character.toCodePoint;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * A set of low-level, high-performance static utility methods related to the UTF-8 character
+ * encoding. This class has no dependencies outside of the core JDK libraries.
+ *
+ * <p>There are several variants of UTF-8. The one implemented by this class is the restricted
+ * definition of UTF-8 introduced in Unicode 3.1, which mandates the rejection of "overlong" byte
+ * sequences as well as rejection of 3-byte surrogate codepoint byte sequences. Note that the UTF-8
+ * decoder included in Oracle's JDK has been modified to also reject "overlong" byte sequences, but
+ * (as of 2011) still accepts 3-byte surrogate codepoint byte sequences.
+ *
+ * <p>The byte sequences considered valid by this class are exactly those that can be roundtrip
+ * converted to Strings and back to bytes using the UTF-8 charset, without loss:
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * Arrays.equals(bytes, new String(bytes, Internal.UTF_8).getBytes(Internal.UTF_8))
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * <p>See the Unicode Standard,</br> Table 3-6. <em>UTF-8 Bit Distribution</em>,</br> Table 3-7.
+ * <em>Well Formed UTF-8 Byte Sequences</em>.
+ *
+ * <p>This class supports decoding of partial byte sequences, so that the bytes in a complete UTF-8
+ * byte sequences can be stored in multiple segments. Methods typically return {@link #MALFORMED} if
+ * the partial byte sequence is definitely not well-formed, {@link #COMPLETE} if it is well-formed
+ * in the absence of additional input, or if the byte sequence apparently terminated in the middle
+ * of a character, an opaque integer "state" value containing enough information to decode the
+ * character when passed to a subsequent invocation of a partial decoding method.
+ *
+ * @author martinrb@google.com (Martin Buchholz)
+ */
+// TODO(nathanmittler): Copy changes in this class back to Guava
+final class Utf8 {
+
+  /**
+   * UTF-8 is a runtime hot spot so we attempt to provide heavily optimized implementations
+   * depending on what is available on the platform. The processor is the platform-optimized
+   * delegate for which all methods are delegated directly to.
+   */
+  private static final Processor processor =
+      (UnsafeProcessor.isAvailable() && !Android.isOnAndroidDevice())
+          ? new UnsafeProcessor()
+          : new SafeProcessor();
+
+  /**
+   * A mask used when performing unsafe reads to determine if a long value contains any non-ASCII
+   * characters (i.e. any byte >= 0x80).
+   */
+  private static final long ASCII_MASK_LONG = 0x8080808080808080L;
+
+  /**
+   * Maximum number of bytes per Java UTF-16 char in UTF-8.
+   *
+   * @see java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder#maxBytesPerChar()
+   */
+  static final int MAX_BYTES_PER_CHAR = 3;
+
+  /**
+   * State value indicating that the byte sequence is well-formed and complete (no further bytes are
+   * needed to complete a character).
+   */
+  public static final int COMPLETE = 0;
+
+  /** State value indicating that the byte sequence is definitely not well-formed. */
+  public static final int MALFORMED = -1;
+
+  /**
+   * Used by {@code Unsafe} UTF-8 string validation logic to determine the minimum string length
+   * above which to employ an optimized algorithm for counting ASCII characters. The reason for this
+   * threshold is that for small strings, the optimization may not be beneficial or may even
+   * negatively impact performance since it requires additional logic to avoid unaligned reads (when
+   * calling {@code Unsafe.getLong}). This threshold guarantees that even if the initial offset is
+   * unaligned, we're guaranteed to make at least one call to {@code Unsafe.getLong()} which
+   * provides a performance improvement that entirely subsumes the cost of the additional logic.
+   */
+  private static final int UNSAFE_COUNT_ASCII_THRESHOLD = 16;
+
+  // Other state values include the partial bytes of the incomplete
+  // character to be decoded in the simplest way: we pack the bytes
+  // into the state int in little-endian order.  For example:
+  //
+  // int state = byte1 ^ (byte2 << 8) ^ (byte3 << 16);
+  //
+  // Such a state is unpacked thus (note the ~ operation for byte2 to
+  // undo byte1's sign-extension bits):
+  //
+  // int byte1 = (byte) state;
+  // int byte2 = (byte) ~(state >> 8);
+  // int byte3 = (byte) (state >> 16);
+  //
+  // We cannot store a zero byte in the state because it would be
+  // indistinguishable from the absence of a byte.  But we don't need
+  // to, because partial bytes must always be negative.  When building
+  // a state, we ensure that byte1 is negative and subsequent bytes
+  // are valid trailing bytes.
+
+  /**
+   * Returns {@code true} if the given byte array is a well-formed UTF-8 byte sequence.
+   *
+   * <p>This is a convenience method, equivalent to a call to {@code isValidUtf8(bytes, 0,
+   * bytes.length)}.
+   */
+  public static boolean isValidUtf8(byte[] bytes) {
+    return processor.isValidUtf8(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns {@code true} if the given byte array slice is a well-formed UTF-8 byte sequence. The
+   * range of bytes to be checked extends from index {@code index}, inclusive, to {@code limit},
+   * exclusive.
+   *
+   * <p>This is a convenience method, equivalent to {@code partialIsValidUtf8(bytes, index, limit)
+   * == Utf8.COMPLETE}.
+   */
+  public static boolean isValidUtf8(byte[] bytes, int index, int limit) {
+    return processor.isValidUtf8(bytes, index, limit);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tells whether the given byte array slice is a well-formed, malformed, or incomplete UTF-8 byte
+   * sequence. The range of bytes to be checked extends from index {@code index}, inclusive, to
+   * {@code limit}, exclusive.
+   *
+   * @param state either {@link Utf8#COMPLETE} (if this is the initial decoding operation) or the
+   *     value returned from a call to a partial decoding method for the previous bytes
+   * @return {@link #MALFORMED} if the partial byte sequence is definitely not well-formed, {@link
+   *     #COMPLETE} if it is well-formed (no additional input needed), or if the byte sequence is
+   *     "incomplete", i.e. apparently terminated in the middle of a character, an opaque integer
+   *     "state" value containing enough information to decode the character when passed to a
+   *     subsequent invocation of a partial decoding method.
+   */
+  public static int partialIsValidUtf8(int state, byte[] bytes, int index, int limit) {
+    return processor.partialIsValidUtf8(state, bytes, index, limit);
+  }
+
+  private static int incompleteStateFor(int byte1) {
+    return (byte1 > (byte) 0xF4) ? MALFORMED : byte1;
+  }
+
+  private static int incompleteStateFor(int byte1, int byte2) {
+    return (byte1 > (byte) 0xF4 || byte2 > (byte) 0xBF) ? MALFORMED : byte1 ^ (byte2 << 8);
+  }
+
+  private static int incompleteStateFor(int byte1, int byte2, int byte3) {
+    return (byte1 > (byte) 0xF4 || byte2 > (byte) 0xBF || byte3 > (byte) 0xBF)
+        ? MALFORMED
+        : byte1 ^ (byte2 << 8) ^ (byte3 << 16);
+  }
+
+  private static int incompleteStateFor(byte[] bytes, int index, int limit) {
+    int byte1 = bytes[index - 1];
+    switch (limit - index) {
+      case 0:
+        return incompleteStateFor(byte1);
+      case 1:
+        return incompleteStateFor(byte1, bytes[index]);
+      case 2:
+        return incompleteStateFor(byte1, bytes[index], bytes[index + 1]);
+      default:
+        throw new AssertionError();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static int incompleteStateFor(
+      final ByteBuffer buffer, final int byte1, final int index, final int remaining) {
+    switch (remaining) {
+      case 0:
+        return incompleteStateFor(byte1);
+      case 1:
+        return incompleteStateFor(byte1, buffer.get(index));
+      case 2:
+        return incompleteStateFor(byte1, buffer.get(index), buffer.get(index + 1));
+      default:
+        throw new AssertionError();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // These UTF-8 handling methods are copied from Guava's Utf8 class with a modification to throw
+  // a protocol buffer local exception. This exception is then caught in CodedOutputStream so it can
+  // fallback to more lenient behavior.
+
+  static class UnpairedSurrogateException extends IllegalArgumentException {
+    UnpairedSurrogateException(int index, int length) {
+      super("Unpaired surrogate at index " + index + " of " + length);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the number of bytes in the UTF-8-encoded form of {@code sequence}. For a string, this
+   * method is equivalent to {@code string.getBytes(UTF_8).length}, but is more efficient in both
+   * time and space.
+   *
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code sequence} contains ill-formed UTF-16 (unpaired
+   *     surrogates)
+   */
+  static int encodedLength(CharSequence sequence) {
+    // Warning to maintainers: this implementation is highly optimized.
+    int utf16Length = sequence.length();
+    int utf8Length = utf16Length;
+    int i = 0;
+
+    // This loop optimizes for pure ASCII.
+    while (i < utf16Length && sequence.charAt(i) < 0x80) {
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    // This loop optimizes for chars less than 0x800.
+    for (; i < utf16Length; i++) {
+      char c = sequence.charAt(i);
+      if (c < 0x800) {
+        utf8Length += ((0x7f - c) >>> 31); // branch free!
+      } else {
+        utf8Length += encodedLengthGeneral(sequence, i);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (utf8Length < utf16Length) {
+      // Necessary and sufficient condition for overflow because of maximum 3x expansion
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "UTF-8 length does not fit in int: " + (utf8Length + (1L << 32)));
+    }
+    return utf8Length;
+  }
+
+  private static int encodedLengthGeneral(CharSequence sequence, int start) {
+    int utf16Length = sequence.length();
+    int utf8Length = 0;
+    for (int i = start; i < utf16Length; i++) {
+      char c = sequence.charAt(i);
+      if (c < 0x800) {
+        utf8Length += (0x7f - c) >>> 31; // branch free!
+      } else {
+        utf8Length += 2;
+        // jdk7+: if (Character.isSurrogate(c)) {
+        if (Character.MIN_SURROGATE <= c && c <= Character.MAX_SURROGATE) {
+          // Check that we have a well-formed surrogate pair.
+          int cp = Character.codePointAt(sequence, i);
+          if (cp < MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT) {
+            throw new UnpairedSurrogateException(i, utf16Length);
+          }
+          i++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return utf8Length;
+  }
+
+  static int encode(CharSequence in, byte[] out, int offset, int length) {
+    return processor.encodeUtf8(in, out, offset, length);
+  }
+  // End Guava UTF-8 methods.
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if the given {@link ByteBuffer} is a valid UTF-8 string.
+   *
+   * <p>Selects an optimal algorithm based on the type of {@link ByteBuffer} (i.e. heap or direct)
+   * and the capabilities of the platform.
+   *
+   * @param buffer the buffer to check.
+   * @see Utf8#isValidUtf8(byte[], int, int)
+   */
+  static boolean isValidUtf8(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    return processor.isValidUtf8(buffer, buffer.position(), buffer.remaining());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if the given {@link ByteBuffer} is a partially valid UTF-8 string.
+   *
+   * <p>Selects an optimal algorithm based on the type of {@link ByteBuffer} (i.e. heap or direct)
+   * and the capabilities of the platform.
+   *
+   * @param buffer the buffer to check.
+   * @see Utf8#partialIsValidUtf8(int, byte[], int, int)
+   */
+  static int partialIsValidUtf8(int state, ByteBuffer buffer, int index, int limit) {
+    return processor.partialIsValidUtf8(state, buffer, index, limit);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decodes the given UTF-8 portion of the {@link ByteBuffer} into a {@link String}.
+   *
+   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException if the input is not valid UTF-8.
+   */
+  static String decodeUtf8(ByteBuffer buffer, int index, int size)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return processor.decodeUtf8(buffer, index, size);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decodes the given UTF-8 encoded byte array slice into a {@link String}.
+   *
+   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException if the input is not valid UTF-8.
+   */
+  static String decodeUtf8(byte[] bytes, int index, int size)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return processor.decodeUtf8(bytes, index, size);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Encodes the given characters to the target {@link ByteBuffer} using UTF-8 encoding.
+   *
+   * <p>Selects an optimal algorithm based on the type of {@link ByteBuffer} (i.e. heap or direct)
+   * and the capabilities of the platform.
+   *
+   * @param in the source string to be encoded
+   * @param out the target buffer to receive the encoded string.
+   * @see Utf8#encode(CharSequence, byte[], int, int)
+   */
+  static void encodeUtf8(CharSequence in, ByteBuffer out) {
+    processor.encodeUtf8(in, out);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Counts (approximately) the number of consecutive ASCII characters in the given buffer. The byte
+   * order of the {@link ByteBuffer} does not matter, so performance can be improved if native byte
+   * order is used (i.e. no byte-swapping in {@link ByteBuffer#getLong(int)}).
+   *
+   * @param buffer the buffer to be scanned for ASCII chars
+   * @param index the starting index of the scan
+   * @param limit the limit within buffer for the scan
+   * @return the number of ASCII characters found. The stopping position will be at or before the
+   *     first non-ASCII byte.
+   */
+  private static int estimateConsecutiveAscii(ByteBuffer buffer, int index, int limit) {
+    int i = index;
+    final int lim = limit - 7;
+    // This simple loop stops when we encounter a byte >= 0x80 (i.e. non-ASCII).
+    // To speed things up further, we're reading longs instead of bytes so we use a mask to
+    // determine if any byte in the current long is non-ASCII.
+    for (; i < lim && (buffer.getLong(i) & ASCII_MASK_LONG) == 0; i += 8) {}
+    return i - index;
+  }
+
+  /** A processor of UTF-8 strings, providing methods for checking validity and encoding. */
+  // TODO(nathanmittler): Add support for Memory/MemoryBlock on Android.
+  abstract static class Processor {
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if the given byte array slice is a well-formed UTF-8 byte sequence. The
+     * range of bytes to be checked extends from index {@code index}, inclusive, to {@code limit},
+     * exclusive.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a convenience method, equivalent to {@code partialIsValidUtf8(bytes, index, limit)
+     * == Utf8.COMPLETE}.
+     */
+    final boolean isValidUtf8(byte[] bytes, int index, int limit) {
+      return partialIsValidUtf8(COMPLETE, bytes, index, limit) == COMPLETE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tells whether the given byte array slice is a well-formed, malformed, or incomplete UTF-8
+     * byte sequence. The range of bytes to be checked extends from index {@code index}, inclusive,
+     * to {@code limit}, exclusive.
+     *
+     * @param state either {@link Utf8#COMPLETE} (if this is the initial decoding operation) or the
+     *     value returned from a call to a partial decoding method for the previous bytes
+     * @return {@link #MALFORMED} if the partial byte sequence is definitely not well-formed, {@link
+     *     #COMPLETE} if it is well-formed (no additional input needed), or if the byte sequence is
+     *     "incomplete", i.e. apparently terminated in the middle of a character, an opaque integer
+     *     "state" value containing enough information to decode the character when passed to a
+     *     subsequent invocation of a partial decoding method.
+     */
+    abstract int partialIsValidUtf8(int state, byte[] bytes, int index, int limit);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if the given portion of the {@link ByteBuffer} is a well-formed UTF-8
+     * byte sequence. The range of bytes to be checked extends from index {@code index}, inclusive,
+     * to {@code limit}, exclusive.
+     *
+     * <p>This is a convenience method, equivalent to {@code partialIsValidUtf8(bytes, index, limit)
+     * == Utf8.COMPLETE}.
+     */
+    final boolean isValidUtf8(ByteBuffer buffer, int index, int limit) {
+      return partialIsValidUtf8(COMPLETE, buffer, index, limit) == COMPLETE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether or not the given buffer contains a valid UTF-8 string.
+     *
+     * @param buffer the buffer to check.
+     * @return {@code true} if the given buffer contains a valid UTF-8 string.
+     */
+    final int partialIsValidUtf8(
+        final int state, final ByteBuffer buffer, int index, final int limit) {
+      if (buffer.hasArray()) {
+        final int offset = buffer.arrayOffset();
+        return partialIsValidUtf8(state, buffer.array(), offset + index, offset + limit);
+      } else if (buffer.isDirect()) {
+        return partialIsValidUtf8Direct(state, buffer, index, limit);
+      }
+      return partialIsValidUtf8Default(state, buffer, index, limit);
+    }
+
+    /** Performs validation for direct {@link ByteBuffer} instances. */
+    abstract int partialIsValidUtf8Direct(
+        final int state, final ByteBuffer buffer, int index, final int limit);
+
+    /**
+     * Performs validation for {@link ByteBuffer} instances using the {@link ByteBuffer} API rather
+     * than potentially faster approaches. This first completes validation for the current character
+     * (provided by {@code state}) and then finishes validation for the sequence.
+     */
+    final int partialIsValidUtf8Default(
+        final int state, final ByteBuffer buffer, int index, final int limit) {
+      if (state != COMPLETE) {
+        // The previous decoding operation was incomplete (or malformed).
+        // We look for a well-formed sequence consisting of bytes from
+        // the previous decoding operation (stored in state) together
+        // with bytes from the array slice.
+        //
+        // We expect such "straddler characters" to be rare.
+
+        if (index >= limit) { // No bytes? No progress.
+          return state;
+        }
+
+        byte byte1 = (byte) state;
+        // byte1 is never ASCII.
+        if (byte1 < (byte) 0xE0) {
+          // two-byte form
+
+          // Simultaneously checks for illegal trailing-byte in
+          // leading position and overlong 2-byte form.
+          if (byte1 < (byte) 0xC2
+              // byte2 trailing-byte test
+              || buffer.get(index++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        } else if (byte1 < (byte) 0xF0) {
+          // three-byte form
+
+          // Get byte2 from saved state or array
+          byte byte2 = (byte) ~(state >> 8);
+          if (byte2 == 0) {
+            byte2 = buffer.get(index++);
+            if (index >= limit) {
+              return incompleteStateFor(byte1, byte2);
+            }
+          }
+          if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // overlong? 5 most significant bits must not all be zero
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xE0 && byte2 < (byte) 0xA0)
+              // illegal surrogate codepoint?
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xED && byte2 >= (byte) 0xA0)
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || buffer.get(index++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        } else {
+          // four-byte form
+
+          // Get byte2 and byte3 from saved state or array
+          byte byte2 = (byte) ~(state >> 8);
+          byte byte3 = 0;
+          if (byte2 == 0) {
+            byte2 = buffer.get(index++);
+            if (index >= limit) {
+              return incompleteStateFor(byte1, byte2);
+            }
+          } else {
+            byte3 = (byte) (state >> 16);
+          }
+          if (byte3 == 0) {
+            byte3 = buffer.get(index++);
+            if (index >= limit) {
+              return incompleteStateFor(byte1, byte2, byte3);
+            }
+          }
+
+          // If we were called with state == MALFORMED, then byte1 is 0xFF,
+          // which never occurs in well-formed UTF-8, and so we will return
+          // MALFORMED again below.
+
+          if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // Check that 1 <= plane <= 16.  Tricky optimized form of:
+              // if (byte1 > (byte) 0xF4 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF0 && byte2 < (byte) 0x90 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF4 && byte2 > (byte) 0x8F)
+              || (((byte1 << 28) + (byte2 - (byte) 0x90)) >> 30) != 0
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || byte3 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // byte4 trailing-byte test
+              || buffer.get(index++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Finish validation for the sequence.
+      return partialIsValidUtf8(buffer, index, limit);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs validation for {@link ByteBuffer} instances using the {@link ByteBuffer} API rather
+     * than potentially faster approaches.
+     */
+    private static int partialIsValidUtf8(final ByteBuffer buffer, int index, final int limit) {
+      index += estimateConsecutiveAscii(buffer, index, limit);
+
+      for (; ; ) {
+        // Optimize for interior runs of ASCII bytes.
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider checking 8 bytes at a time after some threshold?
+        // Maybe after seeing a few in a row that are ASCII, go back to fast mode?
+        int byte1;
+        do {
+          if (index >= limit) {
+            return COMPLETE;
+          }
+        } while ((byte1 = buffer.get(index++)) >= 0);
+
+        // If we're here byte1 is not ASCII. Only need to handle 2-4 byte forms.
+        if (byte1 < (byte) 0xE0) {
+          // Two-byte form (110xxxxx 10xxxxxx)
+          if (index >= limit) {
+            // Incomplete sequence
+            return byte1;
+          }
+
+          // Simultaneously checks for illegal trailing-byte in
+          // leading position and overlong 2-byte form.
+          if (byte1 < (byte) 0xC2 || buffer.get(index) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+          index++;
+        } else if (byte1 < (byte) 0xF0) {
+          // Three-byte form (1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx)
+          if (index >= limit - 1) {
+            // Incomplete sequence
+            return incompleteStateFor(buffer, byte1, index, limit - index);
+          }
+
+          final byte byte2 = buffer.get(index++);
+          if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // overlong? 5 most significant bits must not all be zero
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xE0 && byte2 < (byte) 0xA0)
+              // check for illegal surrogate codepoints
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xED && byte2 >= (byte) 0xA0)
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || buffer.get(index) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+          index++;
+        } else {
+          // Four-byte form (1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx)
+          if (index >= limit - 2) {
+            // Incomplete sequence
+            return incompleteStateFor(buffer, byte1, index, limit - index);
+          }
+
+          // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider using getInt() to improve performance.
+          final int byte2 = buffer.get(index++);
+          if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // Check that 1 <= plane <= 16.  Tricky optimized form of:
+              // if (byte1 > (byte) 0xF4 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF0 && byte2 < (byte) 0x90 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF4 && byte2 > (byte) 0x8F)
+              || (((byte1 << 28) + (byte2 - (byte) 0x90)) >> 30) != 0
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || buffer.get(index++) > (byte) 0xBF
+              // byte4 trailing-byte test
+              || buffer.get(index++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decodes the given byte array slice into a {@link String}.
+     *
+     * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException if the byte array slice is not valid UTF-8.
+     */
+    abstract String decodeUtf8(byte[] bytes, int index, int size)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+    /**
+     * Decodes the given portion of the {@link ByteBuffer} into a {@link String}.
+     *
+     * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException if the portion of the buffer is not valid UTF-8.
+     */
+    final String decodeUtf8(ByteBuffer buffer, int index, int size)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (buffer.hasArray()) {
+        final int offset = buffer.arrayOffset();
+        return decodeUtf8(buffer.array(), offset + index, size);
+      } else if (buffer.isDirect()) {
+        return decodeUtf8Direct(buffer, index, size);
+      }
+      return decodeUtf8Default(buffer, index, size);
+    }
+
+    /** Decodes direct {@link ByteBuffer} instances into {@link String}. */
+    abstract String decodeUtf8Direct(ByteBuffer buffer, int index, int size)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+    /**
+     * Decodes {@link ByteBuffer} instances using the {@link ByteBuffer} API rather than potentially
+     * faster approaches.
+     */
+    final String decodeUtf8Default(ByteBuffer buffer, int index, int size)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      // Bitwise OR combines the sign bits so any negative value fails the check.
+      if ((index | size | buffer.limit() - index - size) < 0) {
+        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(
+            String.format("buffer limit=%d, index=%d, limit=%d", buffer.limit(), index, size));
+      }
+
+      int offset = index;
+      final int limit = offset + size;
+
+      // The longest possible resulting String is the same as the number of input bytes, when it is
+      // all ASCII. For other cases, this over-allocates and we will truncate in the end.
+      char[] resultArr = new char[size];
+      int resultPos = 0;
+
+      // Optimize for 100% ASCII (Hotspot loves small simple top-level loops like this).
+      // This simple loop stops when we encounter a byte >= 0x80 (i.e. non-ASCII).
+      while (offset < limit) {
+        byte b = buffer.get(offset);
+        if (!DecodeUtil.isOneByte(b)) {
+          break;
+        }
+        offset++;
+        DecodeUtil.handleOneByte(b, resultArr, resultPos++);
+      }
+
+      while (offset < limit) {
+        byte byte1 = buffer.get(offset++);
+        if (DecodeUtil.isOneByte(byte1)) {
+          DecodeUtil.handleOneByte(byte1, resultArr, resultPos++);
+          // It's common for there to be multiple ASCII characters in a run mixed in, so add an
+          // extra optimized loop to take care of these runs.
+          while (offset < limit) {
+            byte b = buffer.get(offset);
+            if (!DecodeUtil.isOneByte(b)) {
+              break;
+            }
+            offset++;
+            DecodeUtil.handleOneByte(b, resultArr, resultPos++);
+          }
+        } else if (DecodeUtil.isTwoBytes(byte1)) {
+          if (offset >= limit) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+          }
+          DecodeUtil.handleTwoBytes(
+              byte1, /* byte2 */ buffer.get(offset++), resultArr, resultPos++);
+        } else if (DecodeUtil.isThreeBytes(byte1)) {
+          if (offset >= limit - 1) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+          }
+          DecodeUtil.handleThreeBytes(
+              byte1,
+              /* byte2 */ buffer.get(offset++),
+              /* byte3 */ buffer.get(offset++),
+              resultArr,
+              resultPos++);
+        } else {
+          if (offset >= limit - 2) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+          }
+          DecodeUtil.handleFourBytes(
+              byte1,
+              /* byte2 */ buffer.get(offset++),
+              /* byte3 */ buffer.get(offset++),
+              /* byte4 */ buffer.get(offset++),
+              resultArr,
+              resultPos++);
+          // 4-byte case requires two chars.
+          resultPos++;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return new String(resultArr, 0, resultPos);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encodes an input character sequence ({@code in}) to UTF-8 in the target array ({@code out}).
+     * For a string, this method is similar to
+     *
+     * <pre>{@code
+     * byte[] a = string.getBytes(UTF_8);
+     * System.arraycopy(a, 0, bytes, offset, a.length);
+     * return offset + a.length;
+     * }</pre>
+     *
+     * but is more efficient in both time and space. One key difference is that this method requires
+     * paired surrogates, and therefore does not support chunking. While {@code
+     * String.getBytes(UTF_8)} replaces unpaired surrogates with the default replacement character,
+     * this method throws {@link UnpairedSurrogateException}.
+     *
+     * <p>To ensure sufficient space in the output buffer, either call {@link #encodedLength} to
+     * compute the exact amount needed, or leave room for {@code Utf8.MAX_BYTES_PER_CHAR *
+     * sequence.length()}, which is the largest possible number of bytes that any input can be
+     * encoded to.
+     *
+     * @param in the input character sequence to be encoded
+     * @param out the target array
+     * @param offset the starting offset in {@code bytes} to start writing at
+     * @param length the length of the {@code bytes}, starting from {@code offset}
+     * @throws UnpairedSurrogateException if {@code sequence} contains ill-formed UTF-16 (unpaired
+     *     surrogates)
+     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code sequence} encoded in UTF-8 is longer than
+     *     {@code bytes.length - offset}
+     * @return the new offset, equivalent to {@code offset + Utf8.encodedLength(sequence)}
+     */
+    abstract int encodeUtf8(CharSequence in, byte[] out, int offset, int length);
+
+    /**
+     * Encodes an input character sequence ({@code in}) to UTF-8 in the target buffer ({@code out}).
+     * Upon returning from this method, the {@code out} position will point to the position after
+     * the last encoded byte. This method requires paired surrogates, and therefore does not support
+     * chunking.
+     *
+     * <p>To ensure sufficient space in the output buffer, either call {@link #encodedLength} to
+     * compute the exact amount needed, or leave room for {@code Utf8.MAX_BYTES_PER_CHAR *
+     * in.length()}, which is the largest possible number of bytes that any input can be encoded to.
+     *
+     * @param in the source character sequence to be encoded
+     * @param out the target buffer
+     * @throws UnpairedSurrogateException if {@code in} contains ill-formed UTF-16 (unpaired
+     *     surrogates)
+     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code in} encoded in UTF-8 is longer than {@code
+     *     out.remaining()}
+     */
+    final void encodeUtf8(CharSequence in, ByteBuffer out) {
+      if (out.hasArray()) {
+        final int offset = out.arrayOffset();
+        int endIndex = Utf8.encode(in, out.array(), offset + out.position(), out.remaining());
+        out.position(endIndex - offset);
+      } else if (out.isDirect()) {
+        encodeUtf8Direct(in, out);
+      } else {
+        encodeUtf8Default(in, out);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Encodes the input character sequence to a direct {@link ByteBuffer} instance. */
+    abstract void encodeUtf8Direct(CharSequence in, ByteBuffer out);
+
+    /**
+     * Encodes the input character sequence to a {@link ByteBuffer} instance using the {@link
+     * ByteBuffer} API, rather than potentially faster approaches.
+     */
+    final void encodeUtf8Default(CharSequence in, ByteBuffer out) {
+      final int inLength = in.length();
+      int outIx = out.position();
+      int inIx = 0;
+
+      // Since ByteBuffer.putXXX() already checks boundaries for us, no need to explicitly check
+      // access. Assume the buffer is big enough and let it handle the out of bounds exception
+      // if it occurs.
+      try {
+        // Designed to take advantage of
+        // https://wiki.openjdk.java.net/display/HotSpotInternals/RangeCheckElimination
+        for (char c; inIx < inLength && (c = in.charAt(inIx)) < 0x80; ++inIx) {
+          out.put(outIx + inIx, (byte) c);
+        }
+        if (inIx == inLength) {
+          // Successfully encoded the entire string.
+          out.position(outIx + inIx);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        outIx += inIx;
+        for (char c; inIx < inLength; ++inIx, ++outIx) {
+          c = in.charAt(inIx);
+          if (c < 0x80) {
+            // One byte (0xxx xxxx)
+            out.put(outIx, (byte) c);
+          } else if (c < 0x800) {
+            // Two bytes (110x xxxx 10xx xxxx)
+
+            // Benchmarks show put performs better than putShort here (for HotSpot).
+            out.put(outIx++, (byte) (0xC0 | (c >>> 6)));
+            out.put(outIx, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c)));
+          } else if (c < MIN_SURROGATE || MAX_SURROGATE < c) {
+            // Three bytes (1110 xxxx 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx)
+            // Maximum single-char code point is 0xFFFF, 16 bits.
+
+            // Benchmarks show put performs better than putShort here (for HotSpot).
+            out.put(outIx++, (byte) (0xE0 | (c >>> 12)));
+            out.put(outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (c >>> 6))));
+            out.put(outIx, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c)));
+          } else {
+            // Four bytes (1111 xxxx 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx)
+
+            // Minimum code point represented by a surrogate pair is 0x10000, 17 bits, four UTF-8
+            // bytes
+            final char low;
+            if (inIx + 1 == inLength || !isSurrogatePair(c, (low = in.charAt(++inIx)))) {
+              throw new UnpairedSurrogateException(inIx, inLength);
+            }
+            // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider using putInt() to improve performance.
+            int codePoint = toCodePoint(c, low);
+            out.put(outIx++, (byte) ((0xF << 4) | (codePoint >>> 18)));
+            out.put(outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 12))));
+            out.put(outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 6))));
+            out.put(outIx, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & codePoint)));
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Successfully encoded the entire string.
+        out.position(outIx);
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider making the API throw IndexOutOfBoundsException instead.
+
+        // If we failed in the outer ASCII loop, outIx will not have been updated. In this case,
+        // use inIx to determine the bad write index.
+        int badWriteIndex = out.position() + Math.max(inIx, outIx - out.position() + 1);
+        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(
+            "Failed writing " + in.charAt(inIx) + " at index " + badWriteIndex);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** {@link Processor} implementation that does not use any {@code sun.misc.Unsafe} methods. */
+  static final class SafeProcessor extends Processor {
+    @Override
+    int partialIsValidUtf8(int state, byte[] bytes, int index, int limit) {
+      if (state != COMPLETE) {
+        // The previous decoding operation was incomplete (or malformed).
+        // We look for a well-formed sequence consisting of bytes from
+        // the previous decoding operation (stored in state) together
+        // with bytes from the array slice.
+        //
+        // We expect such "straddler characters" to be rare.
+
+        if (index >= limit) { // No bytes? No progress.
+          return state;
+        }
+        int byte1 = (byte) state;
+        // byte1 is never ASCII.
+        if (byte1 < (byte) 0xE0) {
+          // two-byte form
+
+          // Simultaneously checks for illegal trailing-byte in
+          // leading position and overlong 2-byte form.
+          if (byte1 < (byte) 0xC2
+              // byte2 trailing-byte test
+              || bytes[index++] > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        } else if (byte1 < (byte) 0xF0) {
+          // three-byte form
+
+          // Get byte2 from saved state or array
+          int byte2 = (byte) ~(state >> 8);
+          if (byte2 == 0) {
+            byte2 = bytes[index++];
+            if (index >= limit) {
+              return incompleteStateFor(byte1, byte2);
+            }
+          }
+          if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // overlong? 5 most significant bits must not all be zero
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xE0 && byte2 < (byte) 0xA0)
+              // illegal surrogate codepoint?
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xED && byte2 >= (byte) 0xA0)
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || bytes[index++] > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        } else {
+          // four-byte form
+
+          // Get byte2 and byte3 from saved state or array
+          int byte2 = (byte) ~(state >> 8);
+          int byte3 = 0;
+          if (byte2 == 0) {
+            byte2 = bytes[index++];
+            if (index >= limit) {
+              return incompleteStateFor(byte1, byte2);
+            }
+          } else {
+            byte3 = (byte) (state >> 16);
+          }
+          if (byte3 == 0) {
+            byte3 = bytes[index++];
+            if (index >= limit) {
+              return incompleteStateFor(byte1, byte2, byte3);
+            }
+          }
+
+          // If we were called with state == MALFORMED, then byte1 is 0xFF,
+          // which never occurs in well-formed UTF-8, and so we will return
+          // MALFORMED again below.
+
+          if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // Check that 1 <= plane <= 16.  Tricky optimized form of:
+              // if (byte1 > (byte) 0xF4 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF0 && byte2 < (byte) 0x90 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF4 && byte2 > (byte) 0x8F)
+              || (((byte1 << 28) + (byte2 - (byte) 0x90)) >> 30) != 0
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || byte3 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // byte4 trailing-byte test
+              || bytes[index++] > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      return partialIsValidUtf8(bytes, index, limit);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    int partialIsValidUtf8Direct(int state, ByteBuffer buffer, int index, int limit) {
+      // For safe processing, we have to use the ByteBuffer API.
+      return partialIsValidUtf8Default(state, buffer, index, limit);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    String decodeUtf8(byte[] bytes, int index, int size) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      // Bitwise OR combines the sign bits so any negative value fails the check.
+      if ((index | size | bytes.length - index - size) < 0) {
+        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(
+            String.format("buffer length=%d, index=%d, size=%d", bytes.length, index, size));
+      }
+
+      int offset = index;
+      final int limit = offset + size;
+
+      // The longest possible resulting String is the same as the number of input bytes, when it is
+      // all ASCII. For other cases, this over-allocates and we will truncate in the end.
+      char[] resultArr = new char[size];
+      int resultPos = 0;
+
+      // Optimize for 100% ASCII (Hotspot loves small simple top-level loops like this).
+      // This simple loop stops when we encounter a byte >= 0x80 (i.e. non-ASCII).
+      while (offset < limit) {
+        byte b = bytes[offset];
+        if (!DecodeUtil.isOneByte(b)) {
+          break;
+        }
+        offset++;
+        DecodeUtil.handleOneByte(b, resultArr, resultPos++);
+      }
+
+      while (offset < limit) {
+        byte byte1 = bytes[offset++];
+        if (DecodeUtil.isOneByte(byte1)) {
+          DecodeUtil.handleOneByte(byte1, resultArr, resultPos++);
+          // It's common for there to be multiple ASCII characters in a run mixed in, so add an
+          // extra optimized loop to take care of these runs.
+          while (offset < limit) {
+            byte b = bytes[offset];
+            if (!DecodeUtil.isOneByte(b)) {
+              break;
+            }
+            offset++;
+            DecodeUtil.handleOneByte(b, resultArr, resultPos++);
+          }
+        } else if (DecodeUtil.isTwoBytes(byte1)) {
+          if (offset >= limit) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+          }
+          DecodeUtil.handleTwoBytes(byte1, /* byte2 */ bytes[offset++], resultArr, resultPos++);
+        } else if (DecodeUtil.isThreeBytes(byte1)) {
+          if (offset >= limit - 1) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+          }
+          DecodeUtil.handleThreeBytes(
+              byte1,
+              /* byte2 */ bytes[offset++],
+              /* byte3 */ bytes[offset++],
+              resultArr,
+              resultPos++);
+        } else {
+          if (offset >= limit - 2) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+          }
+          DecodeUtil.handleFourBytes(
+              byte1,
+              /* byte2 */ bytes[offset++],
+              /* byte3 */ bytes[offset++],
+              /* byte4 */ bytes[offset++],
+              resultArr,
+              resultPos++);
+          // 4-byte case requires two chars.
+          resultPos++;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return new String(resultArr, 0, resultPos);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    String decodeUtf8Direct(ByteBuffer buffer, int index, int size)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      // For safe processing, we have to use the ByteBufferAPI.
+      return decodeUtf8Default(buffer, index, size);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    int encodeUtf8(CharSequence in, byte[] out, int offset, int length) {
+      int utf16Length = in.length();
+      int j = offset;
+      int i = 0;
+      int limit = offset + length;
+      // Designed to take advantage of
+      // https://wiki.openjdk.java.net/display/HotSpotInternals/RangeCheckElimination
+      for (char c; i < utf16Length && i + j < limit && (c = in.charAt(i)) < 0x80; i++) {
+        out[j + i] = (byte) c;
+      }
+      if (i == utf16Length) {
+        return j + utf16Length;
+      }
+      j += i;
+      for (char c; i < utf16Length; i++) {
+        c = in.charAt(i);
+        if (c < 0x80 && j < limit) {
+          out[j++] = (byte) c;
+        } else if (c < 0x800 && j <= limit - 2) { // 11 bits, two UTF-8 bytes
+          out[j++] = (byte) ((0xF << 6) | (c >>> 6));
+          out[j++] = (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c));
+        } else if ((c < Character.MIN_SURROGATE || Character.MAX_SURROGATE < c) && j <= limit - 3) {
+          // Maximum single-char code point is 0xFFFF, 16 bits, three UTF-8 bytes
+          out[j++] = (byte) ((0xF << 5) | (c >>> 12));
+          out[j++] = (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (c >>> 6)));
+          out[j++] = (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c));
+        } else if (j <= limit - 4) {
+          // Minimum code point represented by a surrogate pair is 0x10000, 17 bits,
+          // four UTF-8 bytes
+          final char low;
+          if (i + 1 == in.length() || !Character.isSurrogatePair(c, (low = in.charAt(++i)))) {
+            throw new UnpairedSurrogateException((i - 1), utf16Length);
+          }
+          int codePoint = Character.toCodePoint(c, low);
+          out[j++] = (byte) ((0xF << 4) | (codePoint >>> 18));
+          out[j++] = (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 12)));
+          out[j++] = (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 6)));
+          out[j++] = (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & codePoint));
+        } else {
+          // If we are surrogates and we're not a surrogate pair, always throw an
+          // UnpairedSurrogateException instead of an ArrayOutOfBoundsException.
+          if ((Character.MIN_SURROGATE <= c && c <= Character.MAX_SURROGATE)
+              && (i + 1 == in.length() || !Character.isSurrogatePair(c, in.charAt(i + 1)))) {
+            throw new UnpairedSurrogateException(i, utf16Length);
+          }
+          throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("Failed writing " + c + " at index " + j);
+        }
+      }
+      return j;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void encodeUtf8Direct(CharSequence in, ByteBuffer out) {
+      // For safe processing, we have to use the ByteBuffer API.
+      encodeUtf8Default(in, out);
+    }
+
+    private static int partialIsValidUtf8(byte[] bytes, int index, int limit) {
+      // Optimize for 100% ASCII (Hotspot loves small simple top-level loops like this).
+      // This simple loop stops when we encounter a byte >= 0x80 (i.e. non-ASCII).
+      while (index < limit && bytes[index] >= 0) {
+        index++;
+      }
+
+      return (index >= limit) ? COMPLETE : partialIsValidUtf8NonAscii(bytes, index, limit);
+    }
+
+    private static int partialIsValidUtf8NonAscii(byte[] bytes, int index, int limit) {
+      for (; ; ) {
+        int byte1;
+        int byte2;
+
+        // Optimize for interior runs of ASCII bytes.
+        do {
+          if (index >= limit) {
+            return COMPLETE;
+          }
+        } while ((byte1 = bytes[index++]) >= 0);
+
+        if (byte1 < (byte) 0xE0) {
+          // two-byte form
+
+          if (index >= limit) {
+            // Incomplete sequence
+            return byte1;
+          }
+
+          // Simultaneously checks for illegal trailing-byte in
+          // leading position and overlong 2-byte form.
+          if (byte1 < (byte) 0xC2 || bytes[index++] > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        } else if (byte1 < (byte) 0xF0) {
+          // three-byte form
+
+          if (index >= limit - 1) { // incomplete sequence
+            return incompleteStateFor(bytes, index, limit);
+          }
+          if ((byte2 = bytes[index++]) > (byte) 0xBF
+              // overlong? 5 most significant bits must not all be zero
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xE0 && byte2 < (byte) 0xA0)
+              // check for illegal surrogate codepoints
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xED && byte2 >= (byte) 0xA0)
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || bytes[index++] > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        } else {
+          // four-byte form
+
+          if (index >= limit - 2) { // incomplete sequence
+            return incompleteStateFor(bytes, index, limit);
+          }
+          if ((byte2 = bytes[index++]) > (byte) 0xBF
+              // Check that 1 <= plane <= 16.  Tricky optimized form of:
+              // if (byte1 > (byte) 0xF4 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF0 && byte2 < (byte) 0x90 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF4 && byte2 > (byte) 0x8F)
+              || (((byte1 << 28) + (byte2 - (byte) 0x90)) >> 30) != 0
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || bytes[index++] > (byte) 0xBF
+              // byte4 trailing-byte test
+              || bytes[index++] > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** {@link Processor} that uses {@code sun.misc.Unsafe} where possible to improve performance. */
+  static final class UnsafeProcessor extends Processor {
+    /** Indicates whether or not all required unsafe operations are supported on this platform. */
+    static boolean isAvailable() {
+      return hasUnsafeArrayOperations() && hasUnsafeByteBufferOperations();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    int partialIsValidUtf8(int state, byte[] bytes, final int index, final int limit) {
+      // Bitwise OR combines the sign bits so any negative value fails the check.
+      if ((index | limit | bytes.length - limit) < 0) {
+        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(
+            String.format("Array length=%d, index=%d, limit=%d", bytes.length, index, limit));
+      }
+      long offset = index;
+      final long offsetLimit = limit;
+      if (state != COMPLETE) {
+        // The previous decoding operation was incomplete (or malformed).
+        // We look for a well-formed sequence consisting of bytes from
+        // the previous decoding operation (stored in state) together
+        // with bytes from the array slice.
+        //
+        // We expect such "straddler characters" to be rare.
+
+        if (offset >= offsetLimit) { // No bytes? No progress.
+          return state;
+        }
+        int byte1 = (byte) state;
+        // byte1 is never ASCII.
+        if (byte1 < (byte) 0xE0) {
+          // two-byte form
+
+          // Simultaneously checks for illegal trailing-byte in
+          // leading position and overlong 2-byte form.
+          if (byte1 < (byte) 0xC2
+              // byte2 trailing-byte test
+              || UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        } else if (byte1 < (byte) 0xF0) {
+          // three-byte form
+
+          // Get byte2 from saved state or array
+          int byte2 = (byte) ~(state >> 8);
+          if (byte2 == 0) {
+            byte2 = UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++);
+            if (offset >= offsetLimit) {
+              return incompleteStateFor(byte1, byte2);
+            }
+          }
+          if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // overlong? 5 most significant bits must not all be zero
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xE0 && byte2 < (byte) 0xA0)
+              // illegal surrogate codepoint?
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xED && byte2 >= (byte) 0xA0)
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        } else {
+          // four-byte form
+
+          // Get byte2 and byte3 from saved state or array
+          int byte2 = (byte) ~(state >> 8);
+          int byte3 = 0;
+          if (byte2 == 0) {
+            byte2 = UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++);
+            if (offset >= offsetLimit) {
+              return incompleteStateFor(byte1, byte2);
+            }
+          } else {
+            byte3 = (byte) (state >> 16);
+          }
+          if (byte3 == 0) {
+            byte3 = UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++);
+            if (offset >= offsetLimit) {
+              return incompleteStateFor(byte1, byte2, byte3);
+            }
+          }
+
+          // If we were called with state == MALFORMED, then byte1 is 0xFF,
+          // which never occurs in well-formed UTF-8, and so we will return
+          // MALFORMED again below.
+
+          if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // Check that 1 <= plane <= 16.  Tricky optimized form of:
+              // if (byte1 > (byte) 0xF4 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF0 && byte2 < (byte) 0x90 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF4 && byte2 > (byte) 0x8F)
+              || (((byte1 << 28) + (byte2 - (byte) 0x90)) >> 30) != 0
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || byte3 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // byte4 trailing-byte test
+              || UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      return partialIsValidUtf8(bytes, offset, (int) (offsetLimit - offset));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    int partialIsValidUtf8Direct(
+        final int state, ByteBuffer buffer, final int index, final int limit) {
+      // Bitwise OR combines the sign bits so any negative value fails the check.
+      if ((index | limit | buffer.limit() - limit) < 0) {
+        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(
+            String.format("buffer limit=%d, index=%d, limit=%d", buffer.limit(), index, limit));
+      }
+      long address = addressOffset(buffer) + index;
+      final long addressLimit = address + (limit - index);
+      if (state != COMPLETE) {
+        // The previous decoding operation was incomplete (or malformed).
+        // We look for a well-formed sequence consisting of bytes from
+        // the previous decoding operation (stored in state) together
+        // with bytes from the array slice.
+        //
+        // We expect such "straddler characters" to be rare.
+
+        if (address >= addressLimit) { // No bytes? No progress.
+          return state;
+        }
+
+        final int byte1 = (byte) state;
+        // byte1 is never ASCII.
+        if (byte1 < (byte) 0xE0) {
+          // two-byte form
+
+          // Simultaneously checks for illegal trailing-byte in
+          // leading position and overlong 2-byte form.
+          if (byte1 < (byte) 0xC2
+              // byte2 trailing-byte test
+              || UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        } else if (byte1 < (byte) 0xF0) {
+          // three-byte form
+
+          // Get byte2 from saved state or array
+          int byte2 = (byte) ~(state >> 8);
+          if (byte2 == 0) {
+            byte2 = UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++);
+            if (address >= addressLimit) {
+              return incompleteStateFor(byte1, byte2);
+            }
+          }
+          if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // overlong? 5 most significant bits must not all be zero
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xE0 && byte2 < (byte) 0xA0)
+              // illegal surrogate codepoint?
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xED && byte2 >= (byte) 0xA0)
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        } else {
+          // four-byte form
+
+          // Get byte2 and byte3 from saved state or array
+          int byte2 = (byte) ~(state >> 8);
+          int byte3 = 0;
+          if (byte2 == 0) {
+            byte2 = UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++);
+            if (address >= addressLimit) {
+              return incompleteStateFor(byte1, byte2);
+            }
+          } else {
+            byte3 = (byte) (state >> 16);
+          }
+          if (byte3 == 0) {
+            byte3 = UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++);
+            if (address >= addressLimit) {
+              return incompleteStateFor(byte1, byte2, byte3);
+            }
+          }
+
+          // If we were called with state == MALFORMED, then byte1 is 0xFF,
+          // which never occurs in well-formed UTF-8, and so we will return
+          // MALFORMED again below.
+
+          if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // Check that 1 <= plane <= 16.  Tricky optimized form of:
+              // if (byte1 > (byte) 0xF4 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF0 && byte2 < (byte) 0x90 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF4 && byte2 > (byte) 0x8F)
+              || (((byte1 << 28) + (byte2 - (byte) 0x90)) >> 30) != 0
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || byte3 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // byte4 trailing-byte test
+              || UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      return partialIsValidUtf8(address, (int) (addressLimit - address));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    String decodeUtf8(byte[] bytes, int index, int size) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if ((index | size | bytes.length - index - size) < 0) {
+        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(
+            String.format("buffer length=%d, index=%d, size=%d", bytes.length, index, size));
+      }
+
+      int offset = index;
+      final int limit = offset + size;
+
+      // The longest possible resulting String is the same as the number of input bytes, when it is
+      // all ASCII. For other cases, this over-allocates and we will truncate in the end.
+      char[] resultArr = new char[size];
+      int resultPos = 0;
+
+      // Optimize for 100% ASCII (Hotspot loves small simple top-level loops like this).
+      // This simple loop stops when we encounter a byte >= 0x80 (i.e. non-ASCII).
+      while (offset < limit) {
+        byte b = UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset);
+        if (!DecodeUtil.isOneByte(b)) {
+          break;
+        }
+        offset++;
+        DecodeUtil.handleOneByte(b, resultArr, resultPos++);
+      }
+
+      while (offset < limit) {
+        byte byte1 = UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++);
+        if (DecodeUtil.isOneByte(byte1)) {
+          DecodeUtil.handleOneByte(byte1, resultArr, resultPos++);
+          // It's common for there to be multiple ASCII characters in a run mixed in, so add an
+          // extra optimized loop to take care of these runs.
+          while (offset < limit) {
+            byte b = UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset);
+            if (!DecodeUtil.isOneByte(b)) {
+              break;
+            }
+            offset++;
+            DecodeUtil.handleOneByte(b, resultArr, resultPos++);
+          }
+        } else if (DecodeUtil.isTwoBytes(byte1)) {
+          if (offset >= limit) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+          }
+          DecodeUtil.handleTwoBytes(
+              byte1, /* byte2 */ UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++), resultArr, resultPos++);
+        } else if (DecodeUtil.isThreeBytes(byte1)) {
+          if (offset >= limit - 1) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+          }
+          DecodeUtil.handleThreeBytes(
+              byte1,
+              /* byte2 */ UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++),
+              /* byte3 */ UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++),
+              resultArr,
+              resultPos++);
+        } else {
+          if (offset >= limit - 2) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+          }
+          DecodeUtil.handleFourBytes(
+              byte1,
+              /* byte2 */ UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++),
+              /* byte3 */ UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++),
+              /* byte4 */ UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++),
+              resultArr,
+              resultPos++);
+          // 4-byte case requires two chars.
+          resultPos++;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return new String(resultArr, 0, resultPos);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    String decodeUtf8Direct(ByteBuffer buffer, int index, int size)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      // Bitwise OR combines the sign bits so any negative value fails the check.
+      if ((index | size | buffer.limit() - index - size) < 0) {
+        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(
+            String.format("buffer limit=%d, index=%d, limit=%d", buffer.limit(), index, size));
+      }
+      long address = UnsafeUtil.addressOffset(buffer) + index;
+      final long addressLimit = address + size;
+
+      // The longest possible resulting String is the same as the number of input bytes, when it is
+      // all ASCII. For other cases, this over-allocates and we will truncate in the end.
+      char[] resultArr = new char[size];
+      int resultPos = 0;
+
+      // Optimize for 100% ASCII (Hotspot loves small simple top-level loops like this).
+      // This simple loop stops when we encounter a byte >= 0x80 (i.e. non-ASCII).
+      while (address < addressLimit) {
+        byte b = UnsafeUtil.getByte(address);
+        if (!DecodeUtil.isOneByte(b)) {
+          break;
+        }
+        address++;
+        DecodeUtil.handleOneByte(b, resultArr, resultPos++);
+      }
+
+      while (address < addressLimit) {
+        byte byte1 = UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++);
+        if (DecodeUtil.isOneByte(byte1)) {
+          DecodeUtil.handleOneByte(byte1, resultArr, resultPos++);
+          // It's common for there to be multiple ASCII characters in a run mixed in, so add an
+          // extra optimized loop to take care of these runs.
+          while (address < addressLimit) {
+            byte b = UnsafeUtil.getByte(address);
+            if (!DecodeUtil.isOneByte(b)) {
+              break;
+            }
+            address++;
+            DecodeUtil.handleOneByte(b, resultArr, resultPos++);
+          }
+        } else if (DecodeUtil.isTwoBytes(byte1)) {
+          if (address >= addressLimit) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+          }
+          DecodeUtil.handleTwoBytes(
+              byte1, /* byte2 */ UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++), resultArr, resultPos++);
+        } else if (DecodeUtil.isThreeBytes(byte1)) {
+          if (address >= addressLimit - 1) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+          }
+          DecodeUtil.handleThreeBytes(
+              byte1,
+              /* byte2 */ UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++),
+              /* byte3 */ UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++),
+              resultArr,
+              resultPos++);
+        } else {
+          if (address >= addressLimit - 2) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+          }
+          DecodeUtil.handleFourBytes(
+              byte1,
+              /* byte2 */ UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++),
+              /* byte3 */ UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++),
+              /* byte4 */ UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++),
+              resultArr,
+              resultPos++);
+          // 4-byte case requires two chars.
+          resultPos++;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return new String(resultArr, 0, resultPos);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    int encodeUtf8(final CharSequence in, final byte[] out, final int offset, final int length) {
+      long outIx = offset;
+      final long outLimit = outIx + length;
+      final int inLimit = in.length();
+      if (inLimit > length || out.length - length < offset) {
+        // Not even enough room for an ASCII-encoded string.
+        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(
+            "Failed writing " + in.charAt(inLimit - 1) + " at index " + (offset + length));
+      }
+
+      // Designed to take advantage of
+      // https://wiki.openjdk.java.net/display/HotSpotInternals/RangeCheckElimination
+      int inIx = 0;
+      for (char c; inIx < inLimit && (c = in.charAt(inIx)) < 0x80; ++inIx) {
+        UnsafeUtil.putByte(out, outIx++, (byte) c);
+      }
+      if (inIx == inLimit) {
+        // We're done, it was ASCII encoded.
+        return (int) outIx;
+      }
+
+      for (char c; inIx < inLimit; ++inIx) {
+        c = in.charAt(inIx);
+        if (c < 0x80 && outIx < outLimit) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(out, outIx++, (byte) c);
+        } else if (c < 0x800 && outIx <= outLimit - 2L) { // 11 bits, two UTF-8 bytes
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(out, outIx++, (byte) ((0xF << 6) | (c >>> 6)));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(out, outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c)));
+        } else if ((c < MIN_SURROGATE || MAX_SURROGATE < c) && outIx <= outLimit - 3L) {
+          // Maximum single-char code point is 0xFFFF, 16 bits, three UTF-8 bytes
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(out, outIx++, (byte) ((0xF << 5) | (c >>> 12)));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(out, outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (c >>> 6))));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(out, outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c)));
+        } else if (outIx <= outLimit - 4L) {
+          // Minimum code point represented by a surrogate pair is 0x10000, 17 bits, four UTF-8
+          // bytes
+          final char low;
+          if (inIx + 1 == inLimit || !isSurrogatePair(c, (low = in.charAt(++inIx)))) {
+            throw new UnpairedSurrogateException((inIx - 1), inLimit);
+          }
+          int codePoint = toCodePoint(c, low);
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(out, outIx++, (byte) ((0xF << 4) | (codePoint >>> 18)));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(out, outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 12))));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(out, outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 6))));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(out, outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & codePoint)));
+        } else {
+          if ((MIN_SURROGATE <= c && c <= MAX_SURROGATE)
+              && (inIx + 1 == inLimit || !isSurrogatePair(c, in.charAt(inIx + 1)))) {
+            // We are surrogates and we're not a surrogate pair.
+            throw new UnpairedSurrogateException(inIx, inLimit);
+          }
+          // Not enough space in the output buffer.
+          throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("Failed writing " + c + " at index " + outIx);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // All bytes have been encoded.
+      return (int) outIx;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void encodeUtf8Direct(CharSequence in, ByteBuffer out) {
+      final long address = addressOffset(out);
+      long outIx = address + out.position();
+      final long outLimit = address + out.limit();
+      final int inLimit = in.length();
+      if (inLimit > outLimit - outIx) {
+        // Not even enough room for an ASCII-encoded string.
+        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(
+            "Failed writing " + in.charAt(inLimit - 1) + " at index " + out.limit());
+      }
+
+      // Designed to take advantage of
+      // https://wiki.openjdk.java.net/display/HotSpotInternals/RangeCheckElimination
+      int inIx = 0;
+      for (char c; inIx < inLimit && (c = in.charAt(inIx)) < 0x80; ++inIx) {
+        UnsafeUtil.putByte(outIx++, (byte) c);
+      }
+      if (inIx == inLimit) {
+        // We're done, it was ASCII encoded.
+        out.position((int) (outIx - address));
+        return;
+      }
+
+      for (char c; inIx < inLimit; ++inIx) {
+        c = in.charAt(inIx);
+        if (c < 0x80 && outIx < outLimit) {
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(outIx++, (byte) c);
+        } else if (c < 0x800 && outIx <= outLimit - 2L) { // 11 bits, two UTF-8 bytes
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(outIx++, (byte) ((0xF << 6) | (c >>> 6)));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c)));
+        } else if ((c < MIN_SURROGATE || MAX_SURROGATE < c) && outIx <= outLimit - 3L) {
+          // Maximum single-char code point is 0xFFFF, 16 bits, three UTF-8 bytes
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(outIx++, (byte) ((0xF << 5) | (c >>> 12)));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (c >>> 6))));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & c)));
+        } else if (outIx <= outLimit - 4L) {
+          // Minimum code point represented by a surrogate pair is 0x10000, 17 bits, four UTF-8
+          // bytes
+          final char low;
+          if (inIx + 1 == inLimit || !isSurrogatePair(c, (low = in.charAt(++inIx)))) {
+            throw new UnpairedSurrogateException((inIx - 1), inLimit);
+          }
+          int codePoint = toCodePoint(c, low);
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(outIx++, (byte) ((0xF << 4) | (codePoint >>> 18)));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 12))));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 6))));
+          UnsafeUtil.putByte(outIx++, (byte) (0x80 | (0x3F & codePoint)));
+        } else {
+          if ((MIN_SURROGATE <= c && c <= MAX_SURROGATE)
+              && (inIx + 1 == inLimit || !isSurrogatePair(c, in.charAt(inIx + 1)))) {
+            // We are surrogates and we're not a surrogate pair.
+            throw new UnpairedSurrogateException(inIx, inLimit);
+          }
+          // Not enough space in the output buffer.
+          throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("Failed writing " + c + " at index " + outIx);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // All bytes have been encoded.
+      out.position((int) (outIx - address));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Counts (approximately) the number of consecutive ASCII characters starting from the given
+     * position, using the most efficient method available to the platform.
+     *
+     * @param bytes the array containing the character sequence
+     * @param offset the offset position of the index (same as index + arrayBaseOffset)
+     * @param maxChars the maximum number of characters to count
+     * @return the number of ASCII characters found. The stopping position will be at or before the
+     *     first non-ASCII byte.
+     */
+    private static int unsafeEstimateConsecutiveAscii(
+        byte[] bytes, long offset, final int maxChars) {
+      if (maxChars < UNSAFE_COUNT_ASCII_THRESHOLD) {
+        // Don't bother with small strings.
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < maxChars; i++) {
+        if (UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++) < 0) {
+          return i;
+        }
+      }
+      return maxChars;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Same as {@link Utf8#estimateConsecutiveAscii(ByteBuffer, int, int)} except that it uses the
+     * most efficient method available to the platform.
+     */
+    private static int unsafeEstimateConsecutiveAscii(long address, final int maxChars) {
+      int remaining = maxChars;
+      if (remaining < UNSAFE_COUNT_ASCII_THRESHOLD) {
+        // Don't bother with small strings.
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      // Read bytes until 8-byte aligned so that we can read longs in the loop below.
+      // We do this by ANDing the address with 7 to determine the number of bytes that need to
+      // be read before we're 8-byte aligned.
+      final int unaligned = 8 - ((int) address & 7);
+      for (int j = unaligned; j > 0; j--) {
+        if (UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++) < 0) {
+          return unaligned - j;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // This simple loop stops when we encounter a byte >= 0x80 (i.e. non-ASCII).
+      // To speed things up further, we're reading longs instead of bytes so we use a mask to
+      // determine if any byte in the current long is non-ASCII.
+      remaining -= unaligned;
+      for (;
+          remaining >= 8 && (UnsafeUtil.getLong(address) & ASCII_MASK_LONG) == 0;
+          address += 8, remaining -= 8) {}
+      return maxChars - remaining;
+    }
+
+    private static int partialIsValidUtf8(final byte[] bytes, long offset, int remaining) {
+      // Skip past ASCII characters as quickly as possible.
+      final int skipped = unsafeEstimateConsecutiveAscii(bytes, offset, remaining);
+      remaining -= skipped;
+      offset += skipped;
+
+      for (; ; ) {
+        // Optimize for interior runs of ASCII bytes.
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider checking 8 bytes at a time after some threshold?
+        // Maybe after seeing a few in a row that are ASCII, go back to fast mode?
+        int byte1 = 0;
+        for (; remaining > 0 && (byte1 = UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++)) >= 0; --remaining) {}
+        if (remaining == 0) {
+          return COMPLETE;
+        }
+        remaining--;
+
+        // If we're here byte1 is not ASCII. Only need to handle 2-4 byte forms.
+        if (byte1 < (byte) 0xE0) {
+          // Two-byte form (110xxxxx 10xxxxxx)
+          if (remaining == 0) {
+            // Incomplete sequence
+            return byte1;
+          }
+          remaining--;
+
+          // Simultaneously checks for illegal trailing-byte in
+          // leading position and overlong 2-byte form.
+          if (byte1 < (byte) 0xC2 || UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        } else if (byte1 < (byte) 0xF0) {
+          // Three-byte form (1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx)
+          if (remaining < 2) {
+            // Incomplete sequence
+            return unsafeIncompleteStateFor(bytes, byte1, offset, remaining);
+          }
+          remaining -= 2;
+
+          final int byte2;
+          if ((byte2 = UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++)) > (byte) 0xBF
+              // overlong? 5 most significant bits must not all be zero
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xE0 && byte2 < (byte) 0xA0)
+              // check for illegal surrogate codepoints
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xED && byte2 >= (byte) 0xA0)
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        } else {
+          // Four-byte form (1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx)
+          if (remaining < 3) {
+            // Incomplete sequence
+            return unsafeIncompleteStateFor(bytes, byte1, offset, remaining);
+          }
+          remaining -= 3;
+
+          final int byte2;
+          if ((byte2 = UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++)) > (byte) 0xBF
+              // Check that 1 <= plane <= 16.  Tricky optimized form of:
+              // if (byte1 > (byte) 0xF4 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF0 && byte2 < (byte) 0x90 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF4 && byte2 > (byte) 0x8F)
+              || (((byte1 << 28) + (byte2 - (byte) 0x90)) >> 30) != 0
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++) > (byte) 0xBF
+              // byte4 trailing-byte test
+              || UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static int partialIsValidUtf8(long address, int remaining) {
+      // Skip past ASCII characters as quickly as possible.
+      final int skipped = unsafeEstimateConsecutiveAscii(address, remaining);
+      address += skipped;
+      remaining -= skipped;
+
+      for (; ; ) {
+        // Optimize for interior runs of ASCII bytes.
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider checking 8 bytes at a time after some threshold?
+        // Maybe after seeing a few in a row that are ASCII, go back to fast mode?
+        int byte1 = 0;
+        for (; remaining > 0 && (byte1 = UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++)) >= 0; --remaining) {}
+        if (remaining == 0) {
+          return COMPLETE;
+        }
+        remaining--;
+
+        if (byte1 < (byte) 0xE0) {
+          // Two-byte form
+
+          if (remaining == 0) {
+            // Incomplete sequence
+            return byte1;
+          }
+          remaining--;
+
+          // Simultaneously checks for illegal trailing-byte in
+          // leading position and overlong 2-byte form.
+          if (byte1 < (byte) 0xC2 || UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        } else if (byte1 < (byte) 0xF0) {
+          // Three-byte form
+
+          if (remaining < 2) {
+            // Incomplete sequence
+            return unsafeIncompleteStateFor(address, byte1, remaining);
+          }
+          remaining -= 2;
+
+          final byte byte2 = UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++);
+          if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // overlong? 5 most significant bits must not all be zero
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xE0 && byte2 < (byte) 0xA0)
+              // check for illegal surrogate codepoints
+              || (byte1 == (byte) 0xED && byte2 >= (byte) 0xA0)
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        } else {
+          // Four-byte form
+
+          if (remaining < 3) {
+            // Incomplete sequence
+            return unsafeIncompleteStateFor(address, byte1, remaining);
+          }
+          remaining -= 3;
+
+          final byte byte2 = UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++);
+          if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
+              // Check that 1 <= plane <= 16.  Tricky optimized form of:
+              // if (byte1 > (byte) 0xF4 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF0 && byte2 < (byte) 0x90 ||
+              //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF4 && byte2 > (byte) 0x8F)
+              || (((byte1 << 28) + (byte2 - (byte) 0x90)) >> 30) != 0
+              // byte3 trailing-byte test
+              || UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++) > (byte) 0xBF
+              // byte4 trailing-byte test
+              || UnsafeUtil.getByte(address++) > (byte) 0xBF) {
+            return MALFORMED;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static int unsafeIncompleteStateFor(
+        byte[] bytes, int byte1, long offset, int remaining) {
+      switch (remaining) {
+        case 0:
+          return incompleteStateFor(byte1);
+        case 1:
+          return incompleteStateFor(byte1, UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset));
+        case 2:
+          return incompleteStateFor(
+              byte1, UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset), UnsafeUtil.getByte(bytes, offset + 1));
+        default:
+          throw new AssertionError();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static int unsafeIncompleteStateFor(long address, final int byte1, int remaining) {
+      switch (remaining) {
+        case 0:
+          return incompleteStateFor(byte1);
+        case 1:
+          return incompleteStateFor(byte1, UnsafeUtil.getByte(address));
+        case 2:
+          return incompleteStateFor(
+              byte1, UnsafeUtil.getByte(address), UnsafeUtil.getByte(address + 1));
+        default:
+          throw new AssertionError();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Utility methods for decoding bytes into {@link String}. Callers are responsible for extracting
+   * bytes (possibly using Unsafe methods), and checking remaining bytes. All other UTF-8 validity
+   * checks and codepoint conversion happen in this class.
+   */
+  private static class DecodeUtil {
+
+    /** Returns whether this is a single-byte codepoint (i.e., ASCII) with the form '0XXXXXXX'. */
+    private static boolean isOneByte(byte b) {
+      return b >= 0;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns whether this is a two-byte codepoint with the form '10XXXXXX'. */
+    private static boolean isTwoBytes(byte b) {
+      return b < (byte) 0xE0;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns whether this is a three-byte codepoint with the form '110XXXXX'. */
+    private static boolean isThreeBytes(byte b) {
+      return b < (byte) 0xF0;
+    }
+
+    private static void handleOneByte(byte byte1, char[] resultArr, int resultPos) {
+      resultArr[resultPos] = (char) byte1;
+    }
+
+    private static void handleTwoBytes(byte byte1, byte byte2, char[] resultArr, int resultPos)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      // Simultaneously checks for illegal trailing-byte in leading position (<= '11000000') and
+      // overlong 2-byte, '11000001'.
+      if (byte1 < (byte) 0xC2 || isNotTrailingByte(byte2)) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+      }
+      resultArr[resultPos] = (char) (((byte1 & 0x1F) << 6) | trailingByteValue(byte2));
+    }
+
+    private static void handleThreeBytes(
+        byte byte1, byte byte2, byte byte3, char[] resultArr, int resultPos)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (isNotTrailingByte(byte2)
+          // overlong? 5 most significant bits must not all be zero
+          || (byte1 == (byte) 0xE0 && byte2 < (byte) 0xA0)
+          // check for illegal surrogate codepoints
+          || (byte1 == (byte) 0xED && byte2 >= (byte) 0xA0)
+          || isNotTrailingByte(byte3)) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+      }
+      resultArr[resultPos] =
+          (char)
+              (((byte1 & 0x0F) << 12) | (trailingByteValue(byte2) << 6) | trailingByteValue(byte3));
+    }
+
+    private static void handleFourBytes(
+        byte byte1, byte byte2, byte byte3, byte byte4, char[] resultArr, int resultPos)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (isNotTrailingByte(byte2)
+          // Check that 1 <= plane <= 16.  Tricky optimized form of:
+          //   valid 4-byte leading byte?
+          // if (byte1 > (byte) 0xF4 ||
+          //   overlong? 4 most significant bits must not all be zero
+          //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF0 && byte2 < (byte) 0x90 ||
+          //   codepoint larger than the highest code point (U+10FFFF)?
+          //     byte1 == (byte) 0xF4 && byte2 > (byte) 0x8F)
+          || (((byte1 << 28) + (byte2 - (byte) 0x90)) >> 30) != 0
+          || isNotTrailingByte(byte3)
+          || isNotTrailingByte(byte4)) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+      }
+      int codepoint =
+          ((byte1 & 0x07) << 18)
+              | (trailingByteValue(byte2) << 12)
+              | (trailingByteValue(byte3) << 6)
+              | trailingByteValue(byte4);
+      resultArr[resultPos] = DecodeUtil.highSurrogate(codepoint);
+      resultArr[resultPos + 1] = DecodeUtil.lowSurrogate(codepoint);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns whether the byte is not a valid continuation of the form '10XXXXXX'. */
+    private static boolean isNotTrailingByte(byte b) {
+      return b > (byte) 0xBF;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the actual value of the trailing byte (removes the prefix '10') for composition. */
+    private static int trailingByteValue(byte b) {
+      return b & 0x3F;
+    }
+
+    private static char highSurrogate(int codePoint) {
+      return (char)
+          ((MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE - (MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT >>> 10)) + (codePoint >>> 10));
+    }
+
+    private static char lowSurrogate(int codePoint) {
+      return (char) (MIN_LOW_SURROGATE + (codePoint & 0x3ff));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Utf8() {}
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormat.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormat.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c6e8dda4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormat.java
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * This class is used internally by the Protocol Buffer library and generated message
+ * implementations. It is public only because those generated messages do not reside in the {@code
+ * protobuf} package. Others should not use this class directly.
+ *
+ * <p>This class contains constants and helper functions useful for dealing with the Protocol Buffer
+ * wire format.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public final class WireFormat {
+  // Do not allow instantiation.
+  private WireFormat() {}
+
+  static final int FIXED32_SIZE = 4;
+  static final int FIXED64_SIZE = 8;
+  static final int MAX_VARINT32_SIZE = 5;
+  static final int MAX_VARINT64_SIZE = 10;
+  static final int MAX_VARINT_SIZE = 10;
+
+  public static final int WIRETYPE_VARINT = 0;
+  public static final int WIRETYPE_FIXED64 = 1;
+  public static final int WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED = 2;
+  public static final int WIRETYPE_START_GROUP = 3;
+  public static final int WIRETYPE_END_GROUP = 4;
+  public static final int WIRETYPE_FIXED32 = 5;
+
+  static final int TAG_TYPE_BITS = 3;
+  static final int TAG_TYPE_MASK = (1 << TAG_TYPE_BITS) - 1;
+
+  /** Given a tag value, determines the wire type (the lower 3 bits). */
+  public static int getTagWireType(final int tag) {
+    return tag & TAG_TYPE_MASK;
+  }
+
+  /** Given a tag value, determines the field number (the upper 29 bits). */
+  public static int getTagFieldNumber(final int tag) {
+    return tag >>> TAG_TYPE_BITS;
+  }
+
+  /** Makes a tag value given a field number and wire type. */
+  static int makeTag(final int fieldNumber, final int wireType) {
+    return (fieldNumber << TAG_TYPE_BITS) | wireType;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Lite equivalent to {@link Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.JavaType}. This is only here to support
+   * the lite runtime and should not be used by users.
+   */
+  public enum JavaType {
+    INT(0),
+    LONG(0L),
+    FLOAT(0F),
+    DOUBLE(0D),
+    BOOLEAN(false),
+    STRING(""),
+    BYTE_STRING(ByteString.EMPTY),
+    ENUM(null),
+    MESSAGE(null);
+
+    JavaType(final Object defaultDefault) {
+      this.defaultDefault = defaultDefault;
+    }
+
+    /** The default default value for fields of this type, if it's a primitive type. */
+    Object getDefaultDefault() {
+      return defaultDefault;
+    }
+
+    private final Object defaultDefault;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Lite equivalent to {@link Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type}. This is only here to support the
+   * lite runtime and should not be used by users.
+   */
+  public enum FieldType {
+    DOUBLE(JavaType.DOUBLE, WIRETYPE_FIXED64),
+    FLOAT(JavaType.FLOAT, WIRETYPE_FIXED32),
+    INT64(JavaType.LONG, WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+    UINT64(JavaType.LONG, WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+    INT32(JavaType.INT, WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+    FIXED64(JavaType.LONG, WIRETYPE_FIXED64),
+    FIXED32(JavaType.INT, WIRETYPE_FIXED32),
+    BOOL(JavaType.BOOLEAN, WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+    STRING(JavaType.STRING, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      @Override
+      public boolean isPackable() {
+        return false;
+      }
+    },
+    GROUP(JavaType.MESSAGE, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP) {
+      @Override
+      public boolean isPackable() {
+        return false;
+      }
+    },
+    MESSAGE(JavaType.MESSAGE, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      @Override
+      public boolean isPackable() {
+        return false;
+      }
+    },
+    BYTES(JavaType.BYTE_STRING, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      @Override
+      public boolean isPackable() {
+        return false;
+      }
+    },
+    UINT32(JavaType.INT, WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+    ENUM(JavaType.ENUM, WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+    SFIXED32(JavaType.INT, WIRETYPE_FIXED32),
+    SFIXED64(JavaType.LONG, WIRETYPE_FIXED64),
+    SINT32(JavaType.INT, WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+    SINT64(JavaType.LONG, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+
+    FieldType(final JavaType javaType, final int wireType) {
+      this.javaType = javaType;
+      this.wireType = wireType;
+    }
+
+    private final JavaType javaType;
+    private final int wireType;
+
+    public JavaType getJavaType() {
+      return javaType;
+    }
+
+    public int getWireType() {
+      return wireType;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isPackable() {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Field numbers for fields in MessageSet wire format.
+  static final int MESSAGE_SET_ITEM = 1;
+  static final int MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID = 2;
+  static final int MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE = 3;
+
+  // Tag numbers.
+  static final int MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_TAG = makeTag(MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+  static final int MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_END_TAG = makeTag(MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+  static final int MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID_TAG = makeTag(MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+  static final int MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE_TAG =
+      makeTag(MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+  /**
+   * Validation level for handling incoming string field data which potentially contain non-UTF8
+   * bytes.
+   */
+  enum Utf8Validation {
+    /** Eagerly parses to String; silently accepts invalid UTF8 bytes. */
+    LOOSE {
+      @Override
+      Object readString(CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+        return input.readString();
+      }
+    },
+    /** Eagerly parses to String; throws an IOException on invalid bytes. */
+    STRICT {
+      @Override
+      Object readString(CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+        return input.readStringRequireUtf8();
+      }
+    },
+    /** Keep data as ByteString; validation/conversion to String is lazy. */
+    LAZY {
+      @Override
+      Object readString(CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+        return input.readBytes();
+      }
+    };
+
+    /** Read a string field from the input with the proper UTF8 validation. */
+    abstract Object readString(CodedInputStream input) throws IOException;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read a field of any primitive type for immutable messages from a CodedInputStream. Enums,
+   * groups, and embedded messages are not handled by this method.
+   *
+   * @param input The stream from which to read.
+   * @param type Declared type of the field.
+   * @param utf8Validation Different string UTF8 validation level for handling string fields.
+   * @return An object representing the field's value, of the exact type which would be returned by
+   *     {@link Message#getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor)} for this field.
+   */
+  static Object readPrimitiveField(
+      CodedInputStream input, FieldType type, Utf8Validation utf8Validation) throws IOException {
+    switch (type) {
+      case DOUBLE:
+        return input.readDouble();
+      case FLOAT:
+        return input.readFloat();
+      case INT64:
+        return input.readInt64();
+      case UINT64:
+        return input.readUInt64();
+      case INT32:
+        return input.readInt32();
+      case FIXED64:
+        return input.readFixed64();
+      case FIXED32:
+        return input.readFixed32();
+      case BOOL:
+        return input.readBool();
+      case BYTES:
+        return input.readBytes();
+      case UINT32:
+        return input.readUInt32();
+      case SFIXED32:
+        return input.readSFixed32();
+      case SFIXED64:
+        return input.readSFixed64();
+      case SINT32:
+        return input.readSInt32();
+      case SINT64:
+        return input.readSInt64();
+
+      case STRING:
+        return utf8Validation.readString(input);
+      case GROUP:
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("readPrimitiveField() cannot handle nested groups.");
+      case MESSAGE:
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("readPrimitiveField() cannot handle embedded messages.");
+      case ENUM:
+        // We don't handle enums because we don't know what to do if the
+        // value is not recognized.
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("readPrimitiveField() cannot handle enums.");
+    }
+
+    throw new RuntimeException("There is no way to get here, but the compiler thinks otherwise.");
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Writer.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Writer.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3f95c325d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Writer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/** A writer that performs serialization of protobuf message fields. */
+@ExperimentalApi
+interface Writer {
+
+  /** The order in which the fields are written by a {@link Writer}. */
+  enum FieldOrder {
+    /** Fields are written in ascending order by field number. */
+    ASCENDING,
+
+    /** Fields are written in descending order by field number. */
+    DESCENDING
+  }
+
+  /** Indicates the order in which the fields are written by this {@link Writer}. */
+  FieldOrder fieldOrder();
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#SFIXED32}. */
+  void writeSFixed32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#INT64}. */
+  void writeInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#SFIXED64}. */
+  void writeSFixed64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#FLOAT}. */
+  void writeFloat(int fieldNumber, float value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#DOUBLE}. */
+  void writeDouble(int fieldNumber, double value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#ENUM}. */
+  void writeEnum(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#UINT64}. */
+  void writeUInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#INT32}. */
+  void writeInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#FIXED64}. */
+  void writeFixed64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#FIXED32}. */
+  void writeFixed32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#BOOL}. */
+  void writeBool(int fieldNumber, boolean value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#STRING}. */
+  void writeString(int fieldNumber, String value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#BYTES}. */
+  void writeBytes(int fieldNumber, ByteString value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#UINT32}. */
+  void writeUInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#SINT32}. */
+  void writeSInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#SINT64}. */
+  void writeSInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#MESSAGE}. */
+  void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#MESSAGE}. */
+  void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, Object value, Schema schema) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#GROUP}.
+   *
+   * @deprecated groups fields are deprecated.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  void writeGroup(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Writes a field of type {@link FieldType#GROUP}.
+   *
+   * @deprecated groups fields are deprecated.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  void writeGroup(int fieldNumber, Object value, Schema schema) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Writes a single start group tag.
+   *
+   * @deprecated groups fields are deprecated.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  void writeStartGroup(int fieldNumber) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Writes a single end group tag.
+   *
+   * @deprecated groups fields are deprecated.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  void writeEndGroup(int fieldNumber) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#INT32}. */
+  void writeInt32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, boolean packed) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#FIXED32}. */
+  void writeFixed32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, boolean packed) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#INT64}. */
+  void writeInt64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, boolean packed) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#UINT64}. */
+  void writeUInt64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, boolean packed) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#FIXED64}. */
+  void writeFixed64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, boolean packed) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#FLOAT}. */
+  void writeFloatList(int fieldNumber, List<Float> value, boolean packed) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#DOUBLE}. */
+  void writeDoubleList(int fieldNumber, List<Double> value, boolean packed) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#ENUM}. */
+  void writeEnumList(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, boolean packed) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#BOOL}. */
+  void writeBoolList(int fieldNumber, List<Boolean> value, boolean packed) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#STRING}. */
+  void writeStringList(int fieldNumber, List<String> value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#BYTES}. */
+  void writeBytesList(int fieldNumber, List<ByteString> value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#UINT32}. */
+  void writeUInt32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, boolean packed) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#SFIXED32}. */
+  void writeSFixed32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, boolean packed) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#SFIXED64}. */
+  void writeSFixed64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, boolean packed) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#SINT32}. */
+  void writeSInt32List(int fieldNumber, List<Integer> value, boolean packed) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#SINT64}. */
+  void writeSInt64List(int fieldNumber, List<Long> value, boolean packed) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#MESSAGE}. */
+  void writeMessageList(int fieldNumber, List<?> value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#MESSAGE}. */
+  void writeMessageList(int fieldNumber, List<?> value, Schema schema) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#GROUP}.
+   *
+   * @deprecated groups fields are deprecated.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  void writeGroupList(int fieldNumber, List<?> value) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Writes a list field of type {@link FieldType#GROUP}.
+   *
+   * @deprecated groups fields are deprecated.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  void writeGroupList(int fieldNumber, List<?> value, Schema schema) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Writes a message field in {@code MessageSet} wire-format.
+   *
+   * @param value A message instance or an opaque {@link ByteString} for an unknown field.
+   */
+  void writeMessageSetItem(int fieldNumber, Object value) throws IOException;
+
+  /** Writes a map field. */
+  <K, V> void writeMap(int fieldNumber, MapEntryLite.Metadata<K, V> metadata, Map<K, V> map)
+      throws IOException;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc979ac51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.TestUtil.TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED;
+import static com.google.protobuf.TestUtil.TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestOptimizeFor.TestOptimizedForSize;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequiredForeign;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestUnpackedTypes;
+import java.util.Map;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link AbstractMessage}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class AbstractMessageTest extends TestCase {
+  /**
+   * Extends AbstractMessage and wraps some other message object. The methods of the Message
+   * interface which aren't explicitly implemented by AbstractMessage are forwarded to the wrapped
+   * object. This allows us to test that AbstractMessage's implementations work even if the wrapped
+   * object does not use them.
+   */
+  private static class AbstractMessageWrapper extends AbstractMessage {
+    private final Message wrappedMessage;
+
+    public AbstractMessageWrapper(Message wrappedMessage) {
+      this.wrappedMessage = wrappedMessage;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
+      return wrappedMessage.getDescriptorForType();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public AbstractMessageWrapper getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+      return new AbstractMessageWrapper(wrappedMessage.getDefaultInstanceForType());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+      return wrappedMessage.getAllFields();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return wrappedMessage.hasField(field);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return wrappedMessage.getField(field);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getRepeatedFieldCount(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      return wrappedMessage.getRepeatedFieldCount(field);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index) {
+      return wrappedMessage.getRepeatedField(field, index);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
+      return wrappedMessage.getUnknownFields();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder newBuilderForType() {
+      return new Builder(wrappedMessage.newBuilderForType());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Builder toBuilder() {
+      return new Builder(wrappedMessage.toBuilder());
+    }
+
+    static class Builder extends AbstractMessage.Builder<Builder> {
+      private final Message.Builder wrappedBuilder;
+
+      public Builder(Message.Builder wrappedBuilder) {
+        this.wrappedBuilder = wrappedBuilder;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public AbstractMessageWrapper build() {
+        return new AbstractMessageWrapper(wrappedBuilder.build());
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public AbstractMessageWrapper buildPartial() {
+        return new AbstractMessageWrapper(wrappedBuilder.buildPartial());
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Builder clone() {
+        return new Builder(wrappedBuilder.clone());
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean isInitialized() {
+        return clone().buildPartial().isInitialized();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptorForType() {
+        return wrappedBuilder.getDescriptorForType();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public AbstractMessageWrapper getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+        return new AbstractMessageWrapper(wrappedBuilder.getDefaultInstanceForType());
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Map<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, Object> getAllFields() {
+        return wrappedBuilder.getAllFields();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Builder newBuilderForField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+        return new Builder(wrappedBuilder.newBuilderForField(field));
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean hasField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+        return wrappedBuilder.hasField(field);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+        return wrappedBuilder.getField(field);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Builder setField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value) {
+        wrappedBuilder.setField(field, value);
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Builder clearField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+        wrappedBuilder.clearField(field);
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int getRepeatedFieldCount(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+        return wrappedBuilder.getRepeatedFieldCount(field);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Object getRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index) {
+        return wrappedBuilder.getRepeatedField(field, index);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Builder setRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, int index, Object value) {
+        wrappedBuilder.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Builder addRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field, Object value) {
+        wrappedBuilder.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public UnknownFieldSet getUnknownFields() {
+        return wrappedBuilder.getUnknownFields();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Builder setUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+        wrappedBuilder.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Message.Builder getFieldBuilder(FieldDescriptor field) {
+        return wrappedBuilder.getFieldBuilder(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Parser<? extends Message> getParserForType() {
+      return wrappedMessage.getParserForType();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  TestUtil.ReflectionTester reflectionTester =
+      new TestUtil.ReflectionTester(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), null);
+
+  TestUtil.ReflectionTester extensionsReflectionTester =
+      new TestUtil.ReflectionTester(
+          TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor(), TestUtil.getFullExtensionRegistry());
+
+  public void testClear() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper message =
+        new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestAllTypes.newBuilder(TestUtil.getAllSet()))
+            .clear()
+            .build();
+    TestUtil.assertClear((TestAllTypes) message.wrappedMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testCopy() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper message =
+        new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestAllTypes.newBuilder())
+            .mergeFrom(TestUtil.getAllSet())
+            .build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet((TestAllTypes) message.wrappedMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializedSize() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    Message abstractMessage = new AbstractMessageWrapper(TestUtil.getAllSet());
+
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), abstractMessage.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  public void testSerialization() throws Exception {
+    Message abstractMessage = new AbstractMessageWrapper(TestUtil.getAllSet());
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(TestAllTypes.parseFrom(abstractMessage.toByteString()));
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteString(), abstractMessage.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParsing() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder builder =
+        new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestAllTypes.newBuilder());
+    AbstractMessageWrapper message = builder.mergeFrom(TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteString()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet((TestAllTypes) message.wrappedMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testParsingUninitialized() throws Exception {
+    TestRequiredForeign.Builder builder = TestRequiredForeign.newBuilder();
+    builder.getOptionalMessageBuilder().setDummy2(10);
+    ByteString bytes = builder.buildPartial().toByteString();
+    Message.Builder abstractMessageBuilder =
+        new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestRequiredForeign.newBuilder());
+    // mergeFrom() should not throw initialization error.
+    abstractMessageBuilder.mergeFrom(bytes).buildPartial();
+    try {
+      abstractMessageBuilder.mergeFrom(bytes).build();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UninitializedMessageException ex) {
+      // pass
+    }
+
+    // test DynamicMessage directly.
+    Message.Builder dynamicMessageBuilder =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestRequiredForeign.getDescriptor());
+    // mergeFrom() should not throw initialization error.
+    dynamicMessageBuilder.mergeFrom(bytes).buildPartial();
+    try {
+      dynamicMessageBuilder.mergeFrom(bytes).build();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UninitializedMessageException ex) {
+      // pass
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testPackedSerialization() throws Exception {
+    Message abstractMessage = new AbstractMessageWrapper(TestUtil.getPackedSet());
+
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(TestPackedTypes.parseFrom(abstractMessage.toByteString()));
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.getPackedSet().toByteString(), abstractMessage.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testPackedParsing() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder builder =
+        new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestPackedTypes.newBuilder());
+    AbstractMessageWrapper message =
+        builder.mergeFrom(TestUtil.getPackedSet().toByteString()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet((TestPackedTypes) message.wrappedMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testUnpackedSerialization() throws Exception {
+    Message abstractMessage = new AbstractMessageWrapper(TestUtil.getUnpackedSet());
+
+    TestUtil.assertUnpackedFieldsSet(TestUnpackedTypes.parseFrom(abstractMessage.toByteString()));
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.getUnpackedSet().toByteString(), abstractMessage.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParsePackedToUnpacked() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder builder =
+        new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestUnpackedTypes.newBuilder());
+    AbstractMessageWrapper message =
+        builder.mergeFrom(TestUtil.getPackedSet().toByteString()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertUnpackedFieldsSet((TestUnpackedTypes) message.wrappedMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseUnpackedToPacked() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder builder =
+        new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestPackedTypes.newBuilder());
+    AbstractMessageWrapper message =
+        builder.mergeFrom(TestUtil.getUnpackedSet().toByteString()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet((TestPackedTypes) message.wrappedMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testUnpackedParsing() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder builder =
+        new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestUnpackedTypes.newBuilder());
+    AbstractMessageWrapper message =
+        builder.mergeFrom(TestUtil.getUnpackedSet().toByteString()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertUnpackedFieldsSet((TestUnpackedTypes) message.wrappedMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testOptimizedForSize() throws Exception {
+    // We're mostly only checking that this class was compiled successfully.
+    TestOptimizedForSize message = TestOptimizedForSize.newBuilder().setI(1).build();
+    message = TestOptimizedForSize.parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertEquals(2, message.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Tests for isInitialized().
+
+  public void testIsInitialized() throws Exception {
+    TestRequired.Builder builder = TestRequired.newBuilder();
+    AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder abstractBuilder = new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(builder);
+
+    assertFalse(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals("a, b, c", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+    builder.setA(1);
+    assertFalse(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals("b, c", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+    builder.setB(1);
+    assertFalse(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals("c", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+    builder.setC(1);
+    assertTrue(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals("", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+  }
+
+  public void testForeignIsInitialized() throws Exception {
+    TestRequiredForeign.Builder builder = TestRequiredForeign.newBuilder();
+    AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder abstractBuilder = new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(builder);
+
+    assertTrue(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals("", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+
+    builder.setOptionalMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals(
+        "optional_message.b, optional_message.c", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+
+    builder.setOptionalMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals("", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+
+    builder.addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals(
+        "repeated_message[0].b, repeated_message[0].c",
+        abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+
+    builder.setRepeatedMessage(0, TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(abstractBuilder.isInitialized());
+    assertEquals("", abstractBuilder.getInitializationErrorString());
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Tests for mergeFrom
+
+  static final TestAllTypes MERGE_SOURCE =
+      TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+          .setOptionalInt32(1)
+          .setOptionalString("foo")
+          .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+          .addRepeatedString("bar")
+          .build();
+
+  static final TestAllTypes MERGE_DEST =
+      TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+          .setOptionalInt64(2)
+          .setOptionalString("baz")
+          .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(3).build())
+          .addRepeatedString("qux")
+          .build();
+
+  static final String MERGE_RESULT_TEXT =
+      ""
+          + "optional_int32: 1\n"
+          + "optional_int64: 2\n"
+          + "optional_string: \"foo\"\n"
+          + "optional_foreign_message {\n"
+          + "  c: 3\n"
+          + "}\n"
+          + "repeated_string: \"qux\"\n"
+          + "repeated_string: \"bar\"\n";
+
+  public void testMergeFrom() throws Exception {
+    AbstractMessageWrapper result =
+        new AbstractMessageWrapper.Builder(TestAllTypes.newBuilder(MERGE_DEST))
+            .mergeFrom(MERGE_SOURCE)
+            .build();
+
+    assertEquals(MERGE_RESULT_TEXT, result.toString());
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Tests for equals and hashCode
+
+  public void testEqualsAndHashCode() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes a = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    TestAllTypes b = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().build();
+    TestAllTypes c = TestAllTypes.newBuilder(b).addRepeatedString("x").build();
+    TestAllTypes d = TestAllTypes.newBuilder(c).addRepeatedString("y").build();
+    TestAllExtensions e = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    TestAllExtensions f =
+        TestAllExtensions.newBuilder(e)
+            .addExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension, 999)
+            .build();
+
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(a);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(b);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(c);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(d);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(e);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(f);
+
+    checkNotEqual(a, b);
+    checkNotEqual(a, c);
+    checkNotEqual(a, d);
+    checkNotEqual(a, e);
+    checkNotEqual(a, f);
+
+    checkNotEqual(b, c);
+    checkNotEqual(b, d);
+    checkNotEqual(b, e);
+    checkNotEqual(b, f);
+
+    checkNotEqual(c, d);
+    checkNotEqual(c, e);
+    checkNotEqual(c, f);
+
+    checkNotEqual(d, e);
+    checkNotEqual(d, f);
+
+    checkNotEqual(e, f);
+
+    // Deserializing into the TestEmptyMessage such that every field
+    // is an {@link UnknownFieldSet.Field}.
+    UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage eUnknownFields =
+        UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage.parseFrom(e.toByteArray());
+    UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage fUnknownFields =
+        UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage.parseFrom(f.toByteArray());
+    checkNotEqual(eUnknownFields, fUnknownFields);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(eUnknownFields);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(fUnknownFields);
+
+    // Subsequent reconstitutions should be identical
+    UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage eUnknownFields2 =
+        UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage.parseFrom(e.toByteArray());
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(eUnknownFields, eUnknownFields2);
+  }
+
+  /** Asserts that the given proto has symmetric equals and hashCode methods. */
+  private void checkEqualsIsConsistent(Message message) {
+    // Object should be equal to itself.
+    assertEquals(message, message);
+
+    // Object should be equal to a dynamic copy of itself.
+    DynamicMessage dynamic = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(message).build();
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(message, dynamic);
+  }
+
+  /** Asserts that the given protos are equal and have the same hash code. */
+  private void checkEqualsIsConsistent(Message message1, Message message2) {
+    assertEquals(message1, message2);
+    assertEquals(message2, message1);
+    assertEquals(message2.hashCode(), message1.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts that the given protos are not equal and have different hash codes.
+   *
+   * <p><b>Note:</b> It's valid for non-equal objects to have the same hash code, so this test is
+   * stricter than it needs to be. However, this should happen relatively rarely.
+   */
+  private void checkNotEqual(Message m1, Message m2) {
+    String equalsError = String.format("%s should not be equal to %s", m1, m2);
+    assertFalse(equalsError, m1.equals(m2));
+    assertFalse(equalsError, m2.equals(m1));
+
+    assertFalse(
+        String.format("%s should have a different hash code from %s", m1, m2),
+        m1.hashCode() == m2.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testCheckByteStringIsUtf8OnUtf8() {
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("some text");
+    AbstractMessageLite.checkByteStringIsUtf8(byteString);
+    // No exception thrown.
+  }
+
+  public void testCheckByteStringIsUtf8OnNonUtf8() {
+    ByteString byteString =
+        ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {(byte) 0x80}); // A lone continuation byte.
+    try {
+      AbstractMessageLite.checkByteStringIsUtf8(byteString);
+      fail("Expected AbstractMessageLite.checkByteStringIsUtf8 to throw IllegalArgumentException");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException exception) {
+      assertEquals("Byte string is not UTF-8.", exception.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto2LiteSchemaTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto2LiteSchemaTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5d3fd3bd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto2LiteSchemaTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2EmptyLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/** Base class for tests using {@link Proto2MessageLite}. */
+public abstract class AbstractProto2LiteSchemaTest extends AbstractSchemaTest<Proto2MessageLite> {
+
+  @Override
+  protected Proto2MessageLiteFactory messageFactory() {
+    return new Proto2MessageLiteFactory(10, 20, 2, 2);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void mergeOptionalMessageFields() throws Exception {
+    Proto2MessageLite message1 =
+        newBuilder()
+            .setFieldMessage10(newBuilder().setFieldInt643(123).clearFieldInt325().build())
+            .build();
+    Proto2MessageLite message2 =
+        newBuilder()
+            .setFieldMessage10(newBuilder().clearFieldInt643().setFieldInt325(456).build())
+            .build();
+    Proto2MessageLite message3 =
+        newBuilder()
+            .setFieldMessage10(newBuilder().setFieldInt643(789).clearFieldInt325().build())
+            .build();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    message1.writeTo(output);
+    message2.writeTo(output);
+    message3.writeTo(output);
+    byte[] data = output.toByteArray();
+
+    Proto2MessageLite merged =
+        ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(data, Proto2MessageLite.class);
+    assertEquals(789, merged.getFieldMessage10().getFieldInt643());
+    assertEquals(456, merged.getFieldMessage10().getFieldInt325());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void oneofFieldsShouldRoundtrip() throws IOException {
+    roundtrip("Field 53", newBuilder().setFieldDouble53(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 54", newBuilder().setFieldFloat54(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 55", newBuilder().setFieldInt6455(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 56", newBuilder().setFieldUint6456(100L).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 57", newBuilder().setFieldInt3257(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 58", newBuilder().setFieldFixed6458(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 59", newBuilder().setFieldFixed3259(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 60", newBuilder().setFieldBool60(true).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 61", newBuilder().setFieldString61(data().getString()).build());
+    roundtrip(
+        "Field 62", newBuilder().setFieldMessage62(newBuilder().setFieldDouble1(100)).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 63", newBuilder().setFieldBytes63(data().getBytes()).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 64", newBuilder().setFieldUint3264(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 65", newBuilder().setFieldSfixed3265(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 66", newBuilder().setFieldSfixed6466(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 67", newBuilder().setFieldSint3267(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 68", newBuilder().setFieldSint6468(100).build());
+    roundtrip(
+        "Field 69",
+        newBuilder()
+            .setFieldGroup69(
+                Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroup69.newBuilder().setFieldInt3270(data().getInt()))
+            .build());
+  }
+
+  private Proto2MessageLite.Builder newBuilder() {
+    return messageFactory().newMessage().toBuilder();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected List<Proto2MessageLite> newMessagesMissingRequiredFields() {
+    return messageFactory().newMessagesMissingRequiredFields();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void mapsShouldRoundtrip() throws IOException {
+    roundtrip(
+        "Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps",
+        new Proto2MessageLiteFactory(2, 10, 2, 2).newMessageWithMaps(),
+        Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void unknownFieldsUnrecognized() throws Exception {
+    Proto2MessageLite expectedMessage = messageFactory().newMessage();
+    byte[] serializedBytes = expectedMessage.toByteArray();
+    Proto2EmptyLite empty =
+        ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(serializedBytes, Proto2EmptyLite.class);
+
+    // Merge serialized bytes into an empty message, then reserialize and merge it to a new
+    // Proto2Message. Make sure the two messages equal.
+    byte[] roundtripBytes = ExperimentalSerializationUtil.toByteArray(empty);
+    Proto2MessageLite roundtripMessage =
+        ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(roundtripBytes, Proto2MessageLite.class);
+    assertEquals(expectedMessage, roundtripMessage);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void unknownEnum() throws IOException {
+    // Use unknown fields to hold invalid enum values.
+    UnknownFieldSetLite unknowns = UnknownFieldSetLite.newInstance();
+    final int outOfRange = 1000;
+    assertNull(TestEnum.forNumber(outOfRange));
+    unknowns.storeField(
+        WireFormat.makeTag(
+            Proto2MessageLite.FIELD_ENUM_13_FIELD_NUMBER, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+        (long) outOfRange);
+    unknowns.storeField(
+        WireFormat.makeTag(
+            Proto2MessageLite.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_30_FIELD_NUMBER, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+        (long) TestEnum.ONE_VALUE);
+    unknowns.storeField(
+        WireFormat.makeTag(
+            Proto2MessageLite.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_30_FIELD_NUMBER, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+        (long) outOfRange);
+    unknowns.storeField(
+        WireFormat.makeTag(
+            Proto2MessageLite.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_30_FIELD_NUMBER, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+        (long) TestEnum.TWO_VALUE);
+
+    {
+      // Construct a packed enum list.
+      int packedSize =
+          CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(TestEnum.ONE_VALUE)
+              + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(outOfRange)
+              + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(TestEnum.ONE_VALUE);
+      ByteString.CodedBuilder packedBuilder = ByteString.newCodedBuilder(packedSize);
+      CodedOutputStream packedOut = packedBuilder.getCodedOutput();
+      packedOut.writeEnumNoTag(TestEnum.ONE_VALUE);
+      packedOut.writeEnumNoTag(outOfRange);
+      packedOut.writeEnumNoTag(TestEnum.TWO_VALUE);
+      unknowns.storeField(
+          WireFormat.makeTag(
+              Proto2MessageLite.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_PACKED_44_FIELD_NUMBER,
+              WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+          packedBuilder.build());
+    }
+    int size = unknowns.getSerializedSize();
+    byte[] output = new byte[size];
+    CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(output);
+    unknowns.writeTo(codedOutput);
+    codedOutput.flush();
+
+    Proto2MessageLite parsed =
+        ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(output, Proto2MessageLite.class);
+    assertFalse("out-of-range singular enum should not be in message", parsed.hasFieldEnum13());
+    assertEquals(
+        "out-of-range repeated enum should not be in message", 2, parsed.getFieldEnumList30Count());
+    assertEquals(TestEnum.ONE, parsed.getFieldEnumList30(0));
+    assertEquals(TestEnum.TWO, parsed.getFieldEnumList30(1));
+    assertEquals(
+        "out-of-range packed repeated enum should not be in message",
+        2,
+        parsed.getFieldEnumListPacked44Count());
+    assertEquals(TestEnum.ONE, parsed.getFieldEnumListPacked44(0));
+    assertEquals(TestEnum.TWO, parsed.getFieldEnumListPacked44(1));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto2SchemaTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto2SchemaTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0c1681866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto2SchemaTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Empty;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message.TestEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2MessageWithMaps;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/** Base class for tests using {@link Proto2Message}. */
+public abstract class AbstractProto2SchemaTest extends AbstractSchemaTest<Proto2Message> {
+
+  @Override
+  protected Proto2MessageFactory messageFactory() {
+    return new Proto2MessageFactory(10, 20, 2, 2);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void mergeOptionalMessageFields() throws Exception {
+    Proto2Message message1 =
+        newBuilder()
+            .setFieldMessage10(newBuilder().setFieldInt643(123).clearFieldInt325().build())
+            .build();
+    Proto2Message message2 =
+        newBuilder()
+            .setFieldMessage10(newBuilder().clearFieldInt643().setFieldInt325(456).build())
+            .build();
+    Proto2Message message3 =
+        newBuilder()
+            .setFieldMessage10(newBuilder().setFieldInt643(789).clearFieldInt325().build())
+            .build();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    message1.writeTo(output);
+    message2.writeTo(output);
+    message3.writeTo(output);
+    byte[] data = output.toByteArray();
+
+    Proto2Message merged = ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(data, Proto2Message.class);
+    assertEquals(789, merged.getFieldMessage10().getFieldInt643());
+    assertEquals(456, merged.getFieldMessage10().getFieldInt325());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void oneofFieldsShouldRoundtrip() throws IOException {
+    roundtrip("Field 53", newBuilder().setFieldDouble53(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 54", newBuilder().setFieldFloat54(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 55", newBuilder().setFieldInt6455(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 56", newBuilder().setFieldUint6456(100L).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 57", newBuilder().setFieldInt3257(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 58", newBuilder().setFieldFixed6458(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 59", newBuilder().setFieldFixed3259(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 60", newBuilder().setFieldBool60(true).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 61", newBuilder().setFieldString61(data().getString()).build());
+    roundtrip(
+        "Field 62", newBuilder().setFieldMessage62(newBuilder().setFieldDouble1(100)).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 63", newBuilder().setFieldBytes63(data().getBytes()).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 64", newBuilder().setFieldUint3264(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 65", newBuilder().setFieldSfixed3265(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 66", newBuilder().setFieldSfixed6466(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 67", newBuilder().setFieldSint3267(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 68", newBuilder().setFieldSint6468(100).build());
+    roundtrip(
+        "Field 69",
+        newBuilder()
+            .setFieldGroup69(
+                Proto2Message.FieldGroup69.newBuilder().setFieldInt3270(data().getInt()))
+            .build());
+  }
+
+  private Proto2Message.Builder newBuilder() {
+    return messageFactory().newMessage().toBuilder();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void mapsShouldRoundtrip() throws IOException {
+    roundtrip(
+        "Proto2MessageWithMaps",
+        new Proto2MessageFactory(2, 10, 2, 2).newMessageWithMaps(),
+        Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void unknownFieldsUnrecognized() throws Exception {
+    Proto2Message expectedMessage = messageFactory().newMessage();
+    byte[] serializedBytes = expectedMessage.toByteArray();
+    Proto2Empty empty =
+        ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(serializedBytes, Proto2Empty.class);
+
+    // Merge serialized bytes into an empty message, then reserialize and merge it to a new
+    // Proto2Message. Make sure the two messages equal.
+    byte[] roundtripBytes = ExperimentalSerializationUtil.toByteArray(empty);
+    assertEquals(serializedBytes.length, roundtripBytes.length);
+    Proto2Message roundtripMessage =
+        ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(roundtripBytes, Proto2Message.class);
+    assertEquals(expectedMessage, roundtripMessage);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void unknownEnum() throws IOException {
+    // Use unknown fields to hold invalid enum values.
+    UnknownFieldSetLite unknowns = UnknownFieldSetLite.newInstance();
+    final int outOfRange = 1000;
+    assertNull(TestEnum.forNumber(outOfRange));
+    unknowns.storeField(
+        WireFormat.makeTag(Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_13_FIELD_NUMBER, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+        (long) outOfRange);
+    unknowns.storeField(
+        WireFormat.makeTag(
+            Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_30_FIELD_NUMBER, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+        (long) TestEnum.ONE_VALUE);
+    unknowns.storeField(
+        WireFormat.makeTag(
+            Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_30_FIELD_NUMBER, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+        (long) outOfRange);
+    unknowns.storeField(
+        WireFormat.makeTag(
+            Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_30_FIELD_NUMBER, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+        (long) TestEnum.TWO_VALUE);
+
+    {
+      // Construct a packed enum list.
+      int packedSize =
+          CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(TestEnum.ONE_VALUE)
+              + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(outOfRange)
+              + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(TestEnum.ONE_VALUE);
+      ByteString.CodedBuilder packedBuilder = ByteString.newCodedBuilder(packedSize);
+      CodedOutputStream packedOut = packedBuilder.getCodedOutput();
+      packedOut.writeEnumNoTag(TestEnum.ONE_VALUE);
+      packedOut.writeEnumNoTag(outOfRange);
+      packedOut.writeEnumNoTag(TestEnum.TWO_VALUE);
+      unknowns.storeField(
+          WireFormat.makeTag(
+              Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_PACKED_44_FIELD_NUMBER,
+              WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+          packedBuilder.build());
+    }
+    int size = unknowns.getSerializedSize();
+    byte[] output = new byte[size];
+    CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(output);
+    unknowns.writeTo(codedOutput);
+    codedOutput.flush();
+
+    Proto2Message parsed = ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(output, Proto2Message.class);
+    assertFalse("out-of-range singular enum should not be in message", parsed.hasFieldEnum13());
+    {
+      List<Long> singularEnum =
+          parsed
+              .getUnknownFields()
+              .getField(Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_13_FIELD_NUMBER)
+              .getVarintList();
+      assertEquals(1, singularEnum.size());
+      assertEquals((Long) (long) outOfRange, singularEnum.get(0));
+    }
+    {
+      List<Long> repeatedEnum =
+          parsed
+              .getUnknownFields()
+              .getField(Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_30_FIELD_NUMBER)
+              .getVarintList();
+      assertEquals(1, repeatedEnum.size());
+      assertEquals((Long) (long) outOfRange, repeatedEnum.get(0));
+    }
+    {
+      List<Long> packedRepeatedEnum =
+          parsed
+              .getUnknownFields()
+              .getField(Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_PACKED_44_FIELD_NUMBER)
+              .getVarintList();
+      assertEquals(1, packedRepeatedEnum.size());
+      assertEquals((Long) (long) outOfRange, packedRepeatedEnum.get(0));
+    }
+    assertEquals(
+        "out-of-range repeated enum should not be in message", 2, parsed.getFieldEnumList30Count());
+    assertEquals(TestEnum.ONE, parsed.getFieldEnumList30(0));
+    assertEquals(TestEnum.TWO, parsed.getFieldEnumList30(1));
+    assertEquals(
+        "out-of-range packed repeated enum should not be in message",
+        2,
+        parsed.getFieldEnumListPacked44Count());
+    assertEquals(TestEnum.ONE, parsed.getFieldEnumListPacked44(0));
+    assertEquals(TestEnum.TWO, parsed.getFieldEnumListPacked44(1));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected List<Proto2Message> newMessagesMissingRequiredFields() {
+    return messageFactory().newMessagesMissingRequiredFields();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto3LiteSchemaTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto3LiteSchemaTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9cc04ec7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto3LiteSchemaTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3TestingLite.Proto3EmptyLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3TestingLite.Proto3MessageLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3TestingLite.Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/** Base class for tests using {@link Proto3MessageLite}. */
+public abstract class AbstractProto3LiteSchemaTest extends AbstractSchemaTest<Proto3MessageLite> {
+  @Override
+  protected Proto3MessageLiteFactory messageFactory() {
+    return new Proto3MessageLiteFactory(10, 20, 2, 2);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected List<ByteBuffer> serializedBytesWithInvalidUtf8() throws IOException {
+    List<ByteBuffer> invalidBytes = new ArrayList<>();
+    byte[] invalid = new byte[] {(byte) 0x80};
+    {
+      ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
+      CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(buffer);
+      codedOutput.writeByteArray(Proto3MessageLite.FIELD_STRING_9_FIELD_NUMBER, invalid);
+      codedOutput.flush();
+      buffer.flip();
+      invalidBytes.add(buffer);
+    }
+    {
+      ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
+      CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(buffer);
+      codedOutput.writeByteArray(Proto3MessageLite.FIELD_STRING_LIST_26_FIELD_NUMBER, invalid);
+      codedOutput.flush();
+      buffer.flip();
+      invalidBytes.add(buffer);
+    }
+    return invalidBytes;
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void mergeOptionalMessageFields() throws Exception {
+    Proto3MessageLite message1 =
+        newBuilder()
+            .setFieldMessage10(newBuilder().setFieldInt643(123).clearFieldInt325().build())
+            .build();
+    Proto3MessageLite message2 =
+        newBuilder()
+            .setFieldMessage10(newBuilder().clearFieldInt643().setFieldInt325(456).build())
+            .build();
+    Proto3MessageLite message3 =
+        newBuilder()
+            .setFieldMessage10(newBuilder().setFieldInt643(789).clearFieldInt325().build())
+            .build();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    message1.writeTo(output);
+    message2.writeTo(output);
+    message3.writeTo(output);
+    byte[] data = output.toByteArray();
+
+    Proto3MessageLite merged =
+        ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(data, Proto3MessageLite.class);
+    assertEquals(789, merged.getFieldMessage10().getFieldInt643());
+    assertEquals(456, merged.getFieldMessage10().getFieldInt325());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void oneofFieldsShouldRoundtrip() throws IOException {
+    roundtrip("Field 53", newBuilder().setFieldDouble53(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 54", newBuilder().setFieldFloat54(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 55", newBuilder().setFieldInt6455(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 56", newBuilder().setFieldUint6456(100L).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 57", newBuilder().setFieldInt3257(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 58", newBuilder().setFieldFixed6458(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 59", newBuilder().setFieldFixed3259(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 60", newBuilder().setFieldBool60(true).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 61", newBuilder().setFieldString61(data().getString()).build());
+    roundtrip(
+        "Field 62", newBuilder().setFieldMessage62(newBuilder().setFieldDouble1(100)).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 63", newBuilder().setFieldBytes63(data().getBytes()).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 64", newBuilder().setFieldUint3264(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 65", newBuilder().setFieldSfixed3265(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 66", newBuilder().setFieldSfixed6466(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 67", newBuilder().setFieldSint3267(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 68", newBuilder().setFieldSint6468(100).build());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void retainUnknownFields() {
+    // Unknown fields are retained in lite runtime.
+    Proto3MessageLite expectedMessage = messageFactory().newMessage();
+    Proto3EmptyLite empty =
+        ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(
+            expectedMessage.toByteArray(), Proto3EmptyLite.class);
+    assertEquals(expectedMessage.getSerializedSize(), empty.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void mapsShouldRoundtrip() throws IOException {
+    roundtrip(
+        "Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps",
+        new Proto3MessageLiteFactory(2, 10, 2, 2).newMessageWithMaps(),
+        Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class));
+  }
+
+  private static Proto3MessageLite.Builder newBuilder() {
+    return Proto3MessageLite.newBuilder();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto3SchemaTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto3SchemaTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..358f1e3b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProto3SchemaTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3Testing.Proto3Empty;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3Testing.Proto3Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3Testing.Proto3MessageWithMaps;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/** Base class for tests using {@link Proto3Message}. */
+public abstract class AbstractProto3SchemaTest extends AbstractSchemaTest<Proto3Message> {
+  @Override
+  protected Proto3MessageFactory messageFactory() {
+    return new Proto3MessageFactory(10, 20, 2, 2);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected List<ByteBuffer> serializedBytesWithInvalidUtf8() throws IOException {
+    List<ByteBuffer> invalidBytes = new ArrayList<>();
+    byte[] invalid = new byte[] {(byte) 0x80};
+    {
+      ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
+      CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(buffer);
+      codedOutput.writeByteArray(Proto3Message.FIELD_STRING_9_FIELD_NUMBER, invalid);
+      codedOutput.flush();
+      buffer.flip();
+      invalidBytes.add(buffer);
+    }
+    {
+      ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
+      CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(buffer);
+      codedOutput.writeByteArray(Proto3Message.FIELD_STRING_LIST_26_FIELD_NUMBER, invalid);
+      codedOutput.flush();
+      buffer.flip();
+      invalidBytes.add(buffer);
+    }
+    return invalidBytes;
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void mergeOptionalMessageFields() throws Exception {
+    Proto3Message message1 =
+        newBuilder()
+            .setFieldMessage10(newBuilder().setFieldInt643(123).clearFieldInt325().build())
+            .build();
+    Proto3Message message2 =
+        newBuilder()
+            .setFieldMessage10(newBuilder().clearFieldInt643().setFieldInt325(456).build())
+            .build();
+    Proto3Message message3 =
+        newBuilder()
+            .setFieldMessage10(newBuilder().setFieldInt643(789).clearFieldInt325().build())
+            .build();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    message1.writeTo(output);
+    message2.writeTo(output);
+    message3.writeTo(output);
+    byte[] data = output.toByteArray();
+
+    Proto3Message merged = ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(data, Proto3Message.class);
+    assertEquals(789, merged.getFieldMessage10().getFieldInt643());
+    assertEquals(456, merged.getFieldMessage10().getFieldInt325());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void oneofFieldsShouldRoundtrip() throws IOException {
+    roundtrip("Field 53", newBuilder().setFieldDouble53(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 54", newBuilder().setFieldFloat54(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 55", newBuilder().setFieldInt6455(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 56", newBuilder().setFieldUint6456(100L).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 57", newBuilder().setFieldInt3257(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 58", newBuilder().setFieldFixed6458(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 59", newBuilder().setFieldFixed3259(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 60", newBuilder().setFieldBool60(true).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 61", newBuilder().setFieldString61(data().getString()).build());
+    roundtrip(
+        "Field 62", newBuilder().setFieldMessage62(newBuilder().setFieldDouble1(100)).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 63", newBuilder().setFieldBytes63(data().getBytes()).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 64", newBuilder().setFieldUint3264(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 65", newBuilder().setFieldSfixed3265(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 66", newBuilder().setFieldSfixed6466(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 67", newBuilder().setFieldSint3267(100).build());
+    roundtrip("Field 68", newBuilder().setFieldSint6468(100).build());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void preserveUnknownFields() {
+    Proto3Message expectedMessage = messageFactory().newMessage();
+    Proto3Empty empty =
+        ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(
+            expectedMessage.toByteArray(), Proto3Empty.class);
+    assertEquals(expectedMessage.getSerializedSize(), empty.getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(expectedMessage.toByteString(), empty.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void preserveUnknownFieldsProto2() {
+    // Make sure we will be able to preserve valid proto2 wireformat, including those that are not
+    // supported in proto3, e.g. groups.
+    byte[] payload = new Proto2MessageFactory(10, 20, 2, 2).newMessage().toByteArray();
+    Proto3Empty empty = ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(payload, Proto3Empty.class);
+    assertEquals(payload.length, empty.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void mapsShouldRoundtrip() throws IOException {
+    roundtrip(
+        "Proto3MessageWithMaps",
+        new Proto3MessageFactory(2, 10, 2, 2).newMessageWithMaps(),
+        Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class));
+  }
+
+  private static Proto3Message.Builder newBuilder() {
+    return Proto3Message.newBuilder();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractSchemaTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractSchemaTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c69a4fd25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractSchemaTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public abstract class AbstractSchemaTest<T extends MessageLite> {
+  private Schema<T> schema;
+
+  @Before
+  public void setup() {
+    schema = schema();
+    registerSchemas();
+  }
+
+  // Subclass should override this method if it needs to register more than one schemas.
+  protected void registerSchemas() {
+    // Register this schema with the runtime to support processing of nested messages.
+    Protobuf.getInstance().registerSchemaOverride(schema.newInstance().getClass(), schema);
+  }
+
+  protected abstract Schema<T> schema();
+
+  protected abstract ExperimentalMessageFactory<? extends T> messageFactory();
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+  protected List<ByteBuffer> serializedBytesWithInvalidUtf8() throws IOException {
+    return Collections.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void randomMessageShouldRoundtrip() throws IOException {
+    roundtrip("", messageFactory().newMessage());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void invalidUtf8StringParsing() throws IOException {
+    for (ByteBuffer invalidUtf8Bytes : serializedBytesWithInvalidUtf8()) {
+      Reader reader = BinaryReader.newInstance(invalidUtf8Bytes, /* bufferIsImmutable= */ true);
+
+      T newMsg = schema.newInstance();
+      try {
+        schema.mergeFrom(newMsg, reader, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+        fail("should throw invalid ");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void mergeFromByteArrayFastPathMayThrowIndexOutOfBoundsException() throws IOException {
+    if (!Android.isOnAndroidDevice()) {
+      // Skip this test if not on Android.
+      return;
+    }
+    byte[] data = messageFactory().newMessage().toByteArray();
+    int exceptionCount = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i <= data.length; i++) {
+      byte[] truncatedData = Arrays.copyOf(data, i);
+      try {
+        T message = schema.newInstance();
+        // Test that this method throws the expected exceptions.
+        schema.mergeFrom(message, truncatedData, 0, i, new ArrayDecoders.Registers());
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        // Ignore expected exceptions.
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        exceptionCount += 1;
+      }
+    }
+    assertNotEquals(0, exceptionCount);
+  }
+
+  protected static final <M extends MessageLite> void roundtrip(
+      String failureMessage, M msg, Schema<M> schema) throws IOException {
+    byte[] serializedBytes = ExperimentalSerializationUtil.toByteArray(msg, schema);
+    assertEquals(failureMessage, msg.getSerializedSize(), serializedBytes.length);
+
+    // Now read it back in and verify it matches the original.
+    if (Android.isOnAndroidDevice()) {
+      // Test the fast path on Android.
+      M newMsg = schema.newInstance();
+      schema.mergeFrom(
+          newMsg, serializedBytes, 0, serializedBytes.length, new ArrayDecoders.Registers());
+      schema.makeImmutable(newMsg);
+      assertEquals(failureMessage, msg, newMsg);
+    }
+    M newMsg = schema.newInstance();
+    Reader reader = BinaryReader.newInstance(ByteBuffer.wrap(serializedBytes), true);
+    schema.mergeFrom(newMsg, reader, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+    schema.makeImmutable(newMsg);
+
+    assertEquals(failureMessage, msg, newMsg);
+  }
+
+  protected final void roundtrip(String failureMessage, T msg) throws IOException {
+    roundtrip(failureMessage, msg, schema);
+  }
+
+  protected final ExperimentalTestDataProvider data() {
+    return messageFactory().dataProvider();
+  }
+
+  protected List<T> newMessagesMissingRequiredFields() {
+    return Collections.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  @Test
+  public void testRequiredFields() throws Exception {
+    for (T msg : newMessagesMissingRequiredFields()) {
+      if (schema.isInitialized(msg)) {
+        assertEquals("", msg.toString());
+        msg = (T) msg.toBuilder().build();
+      }
+      assertFalse(schema.isInitialized(msg));
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AnyTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AnyTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d660ca737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AnyTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import any_test.AnyTestProto.TestAny;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** Unit tests for Any message. */
+public class AnyTest extends TestCase {
+  public void testAnyGeneratedApi() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    TestAny container = TestAny.newBuilder().setValue(Any.pack(message)).build();
+
+    assertTrue(container.getValue().is(TestAllTypes.class));
+    assertFalse(container.getValue().is(TestAny.class));
+
+    TestAllTypes result = container.getValue().unpack(TestAllTypes.class);
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(result);
+
+
+    // Unpacking to a wrong type will throw an exception.
+    try {
+      container.getValue().unpack(TestAny.class);
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    // Test that unpacking throws an exception if parsing fails.
+    TestAny.Builder containerBuilder = container.toBuilder();
+    containerBuilder.getValueBuilder().setValue(ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {0x11}));
+    container = containerBuilder.build();
+    try {
+      container.getValue().unpack(TestAllTypes.class);
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testCustomTypeUrls() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    TestAny container = TestAny.newBuilder().setValue(Any.pack(message, "xxx.com")).build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "xxx.com/" + TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getFullName(), container.getValue().getTypeUrl());
+
+    assertTrue(container.getValue().is(TestAllTypes.class));
+    assertFalse(container.getValue().is(TestAny.class));
+
+    TestAllTypes result = container.getValue().unpack(TestAllTypes.class);
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(result);
+
+    container = TestAny.newBuilder().setValue(Any.pack(message, "yyy.com/")).build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "yyy.com/" + TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getFullName(), container.getValue().getTypeUrl());
+
+    assertTrue(container.getValue().is(TestAllTypes.class));
+    assertFalse(container.getValue().is(TestAny.class));
+
+    result = container.getValue().unpack(TestAllTypes.class);
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(result);
+
+    container = TestAny.newBuilder().setValue(Any.pack(message, "")).build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "/" + TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getFullName(), container.getValue().getTypeUrl());
+
+    assertTrue(container.getValue().is(TestAllTypes.class));
+    assertFalse(container.getValue().is(TestAny.class));
+
+    result = container.getValue().unpack(TestAllTypes.class);
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(result);
+  }
+
+  public void testCachedUnpackResult() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    TestAny container = TestAny.newBuilder().setValue(Any.pack(message)).build();
+
+    assertTrue(container.getValue().is(TestAllTypes.class));
+
+    TestAllTypes result1 = container.getValue().unpack(TestAllTypes.class);
+    TestAllTypes result2 = container.getValue().unpack(TestAllTypes.class);
+    assertTrue(Objects.equals(result1, result2));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ArrayDecodersTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ArrayDecodersTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..037173b66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ArrayDecodersTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.ArrayDecoders.Registers;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+public class ArrayDecodersTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final int TAG = WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+  private static final ByteString NEGATIVE_SIZE_0 = generateNegativeLength(0);
+  private static final ByteString NEGATIVE_SIZE_1 = generateNegativeLength(1);
+
+  private Registers registers;
+
+  @Override
+  public void setUp() {
+    registers = new Registers();
+    registers.int1 = TAG;
+  }
+
+  public void testException_decodeString() {
+    try {
+      ArrayDecoders.decodeString(NEGATIVE_SIZE_0.toByteArray(), 0, registers);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testException_decodeStringRequireUtf8() {
+    try {
+      ArrayDecoders.decodeStringRequireUtf8(NEGATIVE_SIZE_0.toByteArray(), 0, registers);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testException_decodeBytes() {
+    try {
+      ArrayDecoders.decodeBytes(NEGATIVE_SIZE_0.toByteArray(), 0, registers);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testException_decodeStringList_first() {
+    try {
+      ArrayDecoders.decodeStringList(
+          TAG,
+          NEGATIVE_SIZE_0.toByteArray(),
+          0,
+          NEGATIVE_SIZE_0.size(),
+          new ProtobufArrayList<Object>(),
+          registers);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testException_decodeStringList_second() {
+    try {
+      ArrayDecoders.decodeStringList(
+          TAG,
+          NEGATIVE_SIZE_1.toByteArray(),
+          0,
+          NEGATIVE_SIZE_1.size(),
+          new ProtobufArrayList<Object>(),
+          registers);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testException_decodeStringListRequireUtf8_first() {
+    try {
+      ArrayDecoders.decodeStringListRequireUtf8(
+          TAG,
+          NEGATIVE_SIZE_0.toByteArray(),
+          0,
+          NEGATIVE_SIZE_0.size(),
+          new ProtobufArrayList<Object>(),
+          registers);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testException_decodeStringListRequireUtf8_second() {
+    try {
+      ArrayDecoders.decodeStringListRequireUtf8(
+          TAG,
+          NEGATIVE_SIZE_1.toByteArray(),
+          0,
+          NEGATIVE_SIZE_1.size(),
+          new ProtobufArrayList<Object>(),
+          registers);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testException_decodeBytesList_first() {
+    try {
+      ArrayDecoders.decodeBytesList(
+          TAG,
+          NEGATIVE_SIZE_0.toByteArray(),
+          0,
+          NEGATIVE_SIZE_0.size(),
+          new ProtobufArrayList<Object>(),
+          registers);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testException_decodeBytesList_second() {
+    try {
+      ArrayDecoders.decodeBytesList(
+          TAG,
+          NEGATIVE_SIZE_1.toByteArray(),
+          0,
+          NEGATIVE_SIZE_1.size(),
+          new ProtobufArrayList<Object>(),
+          registers);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testException_decodeUnknownField() {
+    try {
+      ArrayDecoders.decodeUnknownField(
+          TAG,
+          NEGATIVE_SIZE_0.toByteArray(),
+          0,
+          NEGATIVE_SIZE_0.size(),
+          UnknownFieldSetLite.newInstance(),
+          registers);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testException_decodeHugeField() {
+    byte[] badBytes =
+        new byte[] {
+          (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xEF, 0x73, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x67
+        };
+    try {
+      ArrayDecoders.decodeUnknownField(
+          TAG, badBytes, 0, badBytes.length, UnknownFieldSetLite.newInstance(), registers);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      ArrayDecoders.decodeBytes(badBytes, 0, registers);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+
+    byte[] badBytesList =
+        new byte[] {
+          0x01,
+          0x77,
+          0x0A,
+          (byte) 0x80,
+          (byte) 0xFF,
+          (byte) 0xFF,
+          (byte) 0xEF,
+          0x73,
+          0x74,
+          0x69,
+          0x6E,
+          0x67
+        };
+    try {
+      ArrayDecoders.decodeBytesList(
+          TAG, badBytesList, 0, badBytes.length, new ProtobufArrayList<>(), registers);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static ByteString generateNegativeLength(int count) {
+    try {
+      ByteString.Output byteStringOutput = ByteString.newOutput();
+      CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(byteStringOutput);
+
+      // Write out count - 1 valid 0 length fields; we only write out tags after the field since
+      // ArrayDecoders expects the first tag to already have been parsed.
+      for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        codedOutput.writeInt32NoTag(0);
+        codedOutput.writeInt32NoTag(TAG);
+      }
+
+      // Write out a negative length
+      codedOutput.writeInt32NoTag(-1);
+
+      codedOutput.flush();
+
+      return byteStringOutput.toByteString();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BinaryProtocolTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BinaryProtocolTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cda2998f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BinaryProtocolTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3Testing.Proto3Message;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public final class BinaryProtocolTest {
+  @Before
+  public void setup() {
+    TestSchemas.registerGenericProto2Schemas();
+
+    Protobuf.getInstance()
+        .registerSchemaOverride(Proto3Message.class, TestSchemas.genericProto3Schema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void proto3Roundtrip() throws Exception {
+    Proto3Message expected = new Proto3MessageFactory(5, 10, 2, 2).newMessage();
+    byte[] expectedBytes = expected.toByteArray();
+
+    // Deserialize with BinaryReader and verify that the message matches the original.
+    Proto3Message result =
+        ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(expectedBytes, Proto3Message.class);
+    assertEquals(expected, result);
+
+    // Now write it back out using BinaryWriter and verify the output length.
+    byte[] actualBytes = ExperimentalSerializationUtil.toByteArray(result);
+    Assert.assertEquals(expectedBytes.length, actualBytes.length);
+
+    // Read back in the bytes and verify that it matches the original message.
+    Proto3Message actual = Proto3Message.parseFrom(actualBytes);
+    assertEquals(expected, actual);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void proto2Roundtrip() throws Exception {
+    Proto2Message expected = new Proto2MessageFactory(5, 10, 2, 2).newMessage();
+    byte[] expectedBytes = expected.toByteArray();
+
+    // Deserialize with BinaryReader and verify that the message matches the original.
+    Proto2Message result =
+        ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(expectedBytes, Proto2Message.class);
+    assertEquals(expected, result);
+
+    // Now write it back out using BinaryWriter and verify the output length.
+    byte[] actualBytes = ExperimentalSerializationUtil.toByteArray(result);
+    Assert.assertEquals(expectedBytes.length, actualBytes.length);
+
+    // Read back in the bytes and verify that it matches the original message.
+    Proto2Message actual = Proto2Message.parseFrom(actualBytes);
+    assertEquals(expected, actual);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BooleanArrayListTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BooleanArrayListTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae5007139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BooleanArrayListTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.BooleanList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link BooleanArrayList}.
+ *
+ * @author dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+ */
+public class BooleanArrayListTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final BooleanArrayList UNARY_LIST = newImmutableBooleanArrayList(true);
+  private static final BooleanArrayList TERTIARY_LIST =
+      newImmutableBooleanArrayList(true, false, true);
+
+  private BooleanArrayList list;
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    list = new BooleanArrayList();
+  }
+
+  public void testEmptyListReturnsSameInstance() {
+    assertSame(BooleanArrayList.emptyList(), BooleanArrayList.emptyList());
+  }
+
+  public void testEmptyListIsImmutable() {
+    assertImmutable(BooleanArrayList.emptyList());
+  }
+
+  public void testMakeImmutable() {
+    list.addBoolean(true);
+    list.addBoolean(false);
+    list.addBoolean(true);
+    list.addBoolean(true);
+    list.makeImmutable();
+    assertImmutable(list);
+  }
+
+  public void testModificationWithIteration() {
+    list.addAll(asList(true, false, true, false));
+    Iterator<Boolean> iterator = list.iterator();
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+    assertEquals(true, (boolean) list.get(0));
+    assertEquals(true, (boolean) iterator.next());
+    list.set(0, true);
+    assertEquals(false, (boolean) iterator.next());
+
+    list.remove(0);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    iterator = list.iterator();
+    list.add(0, false);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGet() {
+    assertEquals(true, (boolean) TERTIARY_LIST.get(0));
+    assertEquals(false, (boolean) TERTIARY_LIST.get(1));
+    assertEquals(true, (boolean) TERTIARY_LIST.get(2));
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetBoolean() {
+    assertEquals(true, TERTIARY_LIST.getBoolean(0));
+    assertEquals(false, TERTIARY_LIST.getBoolean(1));
+    assertEquals(true, TERTIARY_LIST.getBoolean(2));
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSize() {
+    assertEquals(0, BooleanArrayList.emptyList().size());
+    assertEquals(1, UNARY_LIST.size());
+    assertEquals(3, TERTIARY_LIST.size());
+
+    list.addBoolean(true);
+    list.addBoolean(false);
+    list.addBoolean(false);
+    list.addBoolean(false);
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+
+    list.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+
+    list.add(true);
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testSet() {
+    list.addBoolean(false);
+    list.addBoolean(false);
+
+    assertEquals(false, (boolean) list.set(0, true));
+    assertEquals(true, list.getBoolean(0));
+
+    assertEquals(false, (boolean) list.set(1, false));
+    assertEquals(false, list.getBoolean(1));
+
+    try {
+      list.set(-1, false);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(2, false);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSetBoolean() {
+    list.addBoolean(true);
+    list.addBoolean(true);
+
+    assertEquals(true, list.setBoolean(0, false));
+    assertEquals(false, list.getBoolean(0));
+
+    assertEquals(true, list.setBoolean(1, false));
+    assertEquals(false, list.getBoolean(1));
+
+    try {
+      list.setBoolean(-1, false);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.setBoolean(2, false);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAdd() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    assertTrue(list.add(false));
+    assertEquals(asList(false), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.add(true));
+    list.add(0, false);
+    assertEquals(asList(false, false, true), list);
+
+    list.add(0, true);
+    list.add(0, false);
+    // Force a resize by getting up to 11 elements.
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      list.add(i % 2 == 0);
+    }
+    assertEquals(
+        asList(false, true, false, false, true, true, false, true, false, true, false), list);
+
+    try {
+      list.add(-1, true);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(4, true);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAddBoolean() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    list.addBoolean(false);
+    assertEquals(asList(false), list);
+
+    list.addBoolean(true);
+    assertEquals(asList(false, true), list);
+  }
+
+  public void testAddAll() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(Collections.singleton(true)));
+    assertEquals(1, list.size());
+    assertEquals(true, (boolean) list.get(0));
+    assertEquals(true, list.getBoolean(0));
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(asList(false, true, false, true, false)));
+    assertEquals(asList(true, false, true, false, true, false), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(TERTIARY_LIST));
+    assertEquals(asList(true, false, true, false, true, false, true, false, true), list);
+
+    assertFalse(list.addAll(Collections.<Boolean>emptyList()));
+    assertFalse(list.addAll(BooleanArrayList.emptyList()));
+  }
+
+  public void testEquals() {
+    BooleanArrayList list1 = new BooleanArrayList();
+    BooleanArrayList list2 = new BooleanArrayList();
+
+    assertEquals(list1, list2);
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove() {
+    list.addAll(TERTIARY_LIST);
+    assertEquals(true, (boolean) list.remove(0));
+    assertEquals(asList(false, true), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.remove(Boolean.TRUE));
+    assertEquals(asList(false), list);
+
+    assertFalse(list.remove(Boolean.TRUE));
+    assertEquals(asList(false), list);
+
+    assertEquals(false, (boolean) list.remove(0));
+    assertEquals(asList(), list);
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(0);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRemoveEnd_listAtCapacity() {
+    BooleanList toRemove = BooleanArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(1);
+    toRemove.addBoolean(true);
+    toRemove.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(0, toRemove.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove_listAtCapacity() {
+    BooleanList toRemove = BooleanArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(2);
+    toRemove.addBoolean(true);
+    toRemove.addBoolean(false);
+    toRemove.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(1, toRemove.size());
+    assertEquals(false, (boolean) toRemove.get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testSublistRemoveEndOfCapacity() {
+    BooleanList toRemove = BooleanArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(1);
+    toRemove.addBoolean(true);
+    toRemove.subList(0, 1).clear();
+    assertEquals(0, toRemove.size());
+  }
+
+  private void assertImmutable(BooleanList list) {
+
+    try {
+      list.add(true);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(0, true);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(Collections.<Boolean>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(Collections.singletonList(true));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(new BooleanArrayList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, Collections.singleton(true));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, Collections.<Boolean>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addBoolean(false);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.clear();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(new Object());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(Collections.<Boolean>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(Collections.singleton(Boolean.TRUE));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(Collections.<Boolean>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(Collections.singleton(Boolean.TRUE));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(0, false);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.setBoolean(0, false);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static BooleanArrayList newImmutableBooleanArrayList(boolean... elements) {
+    BooleanArrayList list = new BooleanArrayList();
+    for (boolean element : elements) {
+      list.addBoolean(element);
+    }
+    list.makeImmutable();
+    return list;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BoundedByteStringTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BoundedByteStringTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..654d62bc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BoundedByteStringTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+
+/**
+ * This class tests {@link BoundedByteString}, which extends {@link LiteralByteString}, by
+ * inheriting the tests from {@link LiteralByteStringTest}. The only method which is strange enough
+ * that it needs to be overridden here is {@link #testToString()}.
+ *
+ * @author carlanton@google.com (Carl Haverl)
+ */
+public class BoundedByteStringTest extends LiteralByteStringTest {
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    classUnderTest = "BoundedByteString";
+    byte[] sourceBytes = ByteStringTest.getTestBytes(2341, 11337766L);
+    int from = 100;
+    int to = sourceBytes.length - 100;
+    stringUnderTest = ByteString.copyFrom(sourceBytes).substring(from, to);
+    referenceBytes = new byte[to - from];
+    System.arraycopy(sourceBytes, from, referenceBytes, 0, to - from);
+    expectedHashCode = 727575887;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void testToString() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    String testString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    ByteString unicode = ByteString.wrap(testString.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8));
+    ByteString chopped = unicode.substring(2, unicode.size() - 6);
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + ".substring() must have the expected type",
+        classUnderTest,
+        getActualClassName(chopped));
+
+    String roundTripString = chopped.toString(UTF_8);
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " unicode bytes must match",
+        testString.substring(2, testString.length() - 6),
+        roundTripString);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void testCharsetToString() {
+    String testString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    ByteString unicode = ByteString.wrap(testString.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8));
+    ByteString chopped = unicode.substring(2, unicode.size() - 6);
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + ".substring() must have the expected type",
+        classUnderTest,
+        getActualClassName(chopped));
+
+    String roundTripString = chopped.toString(Internal.UTF_8);
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " unicode bytes must match",
+        testString.substring(2, testString.length() - 6),
+        roundTripString);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void testJavaSerialization() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
+    oos.writeObject(stringUnderTest);
+    oos.close();
+    byte[] pickled = out.toByteArray();
+    InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(pickled);
+    ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(in);
+    Object o = ois.readObject();
+    assertTrue("Didn't get a ByteString back", o instanceof ByteString);
+    assertEquals("Should get an equal ByteString back", stringUnderTest, o);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteBufferWriterTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteBufferWriterTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f0ef6202
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteBufferWriterTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Random;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** Tests for {@link ByteBufferWriter}. */
+public class ByteBufferWriterTest extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testHeapBuffer() throws IOException {
+    // Test a small and large buffer.
+    testWrite(ByteBuffer.allocate(100));
+    testWrite(ByteBuffer.allocate(1024 * 100));
+  }
+
+  public void testDirectBuffer() throws IOException {
+    // Test a small and large buffer.
+    testWrite(ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(100));
+    testWrite(ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024 * 100));
+  }
+
+  private void testWrite(ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException {
+    fillRandom(buffer);
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream(buffer.remaining());
+    ByteBufferWriter.write(buffer, os);
+    assertEquals(0, buffer.position());
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(toArray(buffer), os.toByteArray()));
+  }
+
+  private void fillRandom(ByteBuffer buf) {
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[buf.remaining()];
+    new Random().nextBytes(bytes);
+    buf.put(bytes);
+    buf.flip();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  private byte[] toArray(ByteBuffer buf) {
+    int originalPosition = buf.position();
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[buf.remaining()];
+    buf.get(bytes);
+    buf.position(originalPosition);
+    return bytes;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteStringTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteStringTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b1a786bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteStringTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,888 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.ByteString.Output;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.Random;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Test methods with implementations in {@link ByteString}, plus do some top-level "integration"
+ * tests.
+ *
+ * @author carlanton@google.com (Carl Haverl)
+ */
+public class ByteStringTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final Charset UTF_16 = Charset.forName("UTF-16");
+
+  static byte[] getTestBytes(int size, long seed) {
+    Random random = new Random(seed);
+    byte[] result = new byte[size];
+    random.nextBytes(result);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private byte[] getTestBytes(int size) {
+    return getTestBytes(size, 445566L);
+  }
+
+  private byte[] getTestBytes() {
+    return getTestBytes(1000);
+  }
+
+  // Compare the entire left array with a subset of the right array.
+  private boolean isArrayRange(byte[] left, byte[] right, int rightOffset, int length) {
+    boolean stillEqual = (left.length == length);
+    for (int i = 0; (stillEqual && i < length); ++i) {
+      stillEqual = (left[i] == right[rightOffset + i]);
+    }
+    return stillEqual;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true only if the given two arrays have identical contents.
+  private boolean isArray(byte[] left, byte[] right) {
+    return left.length == right.length && isArrayRange(left, right, 0, left.length);
+  }
+
+  public void testCompare_equalByteStrings_compareEqual() throws Exception {
+    byte[] referenceBytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteString string1 = ByteString.copyFrom(referenceBytes);
+    ByteString string2 = ByteString.copyFrom(referenceBytes);
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "ByteString instances containing the same data must compare equal.",
+        0,
+        ByteString.unsignedLexicographicalComparator().compare(string1, string2));
+  }
+
+  public void testCompare_byteStringsSortLexicographically() throws Exception {
+    ByteString app = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("app");
+    ByteString apple = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("apple");
+    ByteString banana = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("banana");
+
+    Comparator<ByteString> comparator = ByteString.unsignedLexicographicalComparator();
+
+    assertTrue("ByteString(app) < ByteString(apple)", comparator.compare(app, apple) < 0);
+    assertTrue("ByteString(app) < ByteString(banana)", comparator.compare(app, banana) < 0);
+    assertTrue("ByteString(apple) < ByteString(banana)", comparator.compare(apple, banana) < 0);
+  }
+
+  public void testCompare_interpretsByteValuesAsUnsigned() throws Exception {
+    // Two's compliment of `-1` == 0b11111111 == 255
+    ByteString twoHundredFiftyFive = ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {-1});
+    // 0b00000001 == 1
+    ByteString one = ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {1});
+
+    assertTrue(
+        "ByteString comparison treats bytes as unsigned values",
+        ByteString.unsignedLexicographicalComparator().compare(one, twoHundredFiftyFive) < 0);
+  }
+
+  public void testSubstring_BeginIndex() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteString substring = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes).substring(500);
+    assertTrue(
+        "substring must contain the tail of the string",
+        isArrayRange(substring.toByteArray(), bytes, 500, bytes.length - 500));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_BytesOffsetSize() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes, 500, 200);
+    assertTrue(
+        "copyFrom sub-range must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArrayRange(byteString.toByteArray(), bytes, 500, 200));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_Bytes() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes);
+    assertTrue(
+        "copyFrom must contain the expected bytes", isArray(byteString.toByteArray(), bytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_ByteBufferSize() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
+    byteBuffer.put(bytes);
+    byteBuffer.position(500);
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(byteBuffer, 200);
+    assertTrue(
+        "copyFrom byteBuffer sub-range must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArrayRange(byteString.toByteArray(), bytes, 500, 200));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_ByteBuffer() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
+    byteBuffer.put(bytes);
+    byteBuffer.position(500);
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(byteBuffer);
+    assertTrue(
+        "copyFrom byteBuffer sub-range must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArrayRange(byteString.toByteArray(), bytes, 500, bytes.length - 500));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_StringEncoding() {
+    String testString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(testString, UTF_16);
+    byte[] testBytes = testString.getBytes(UTF_16);
+    assertTrue(
+        "copyFrom string must respect the charset",
+        isArrayRange(byteString.toByteArray(), testBytes, 0, testBytes.length));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_Utf8() {
+    String testString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(testString);
+    byte[] testBytes = testString.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8);
+    assertTrue(
+        "copyFromUtf8 string must respect the charset",
+        isArrayRange(byteString.toByteArray(), testBytes, 0, testBytes.length));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_Iterable() {
+    byte[] testBytes = getTestBytes(77777, 113344L);
+    final List<ByteString> pieces = makeConcretePieces(testBytes);
+    // Call copyFrom() on a Collection
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(pieces);
+    assertTrue(
+        "copyFrom a List must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArrayRange(byteString.toByteArray(), testBytes, 0, testBytes.length));
+    // Call copyFrom on an iteration that's not a collection
+    ByteString byteStringAlt =
+        ByteString.copyFrom(
+            new Iterable<ByteString>() {
+              @Override
+              public Iterator<ByteString> iterator() {
+                return pieces.iterator();
+              }
+            });
+    assertEquals(
+        "copyFrom from an Iteration must contain the expected bytes", byteString, byteStringAlt);
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom_LengthTooBig() {
+    byte[] testBytes = getTestBytes(100);
+    try {
+      ByteString.copyFrom(testBytes, 0, 200);
+      fail("Should throw");
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      ByteString.copyFrom(testBytes, 99, 2);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+    }
+
+    ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(testBytes);
+    try {
+      ByteString.copyFrom(buf, 101);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      ByteString.copyFrom(testBytes, -1, 10);
+      fail("Should throw");
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyTo_TargetOffset() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes);
+    byte[] target = new byte[bytes.length + 1000];
+    byteString.copyTo(target, 400);
+    assertTrue(
+        "copyFrom byteBuffer sub-range must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArrayRange(bytes, target, 400, bytes.length));
+  }
+
+  public void testReadFrom_emptyStream() throws IOException {
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.readFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[0]));
+    assertSame(
+        "reading an empty stream must result in the EMPTY constant byte string",
+        ByteString.EMPTY,
+        byteString);
+  }
+
+  public void testReadFrom_smallStream() throws IOException {
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(10));
+  }
+
+  public void testReadFrom_mutating() throws IOException {
+    EvilInputStream eis = new EvilInputStream();
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.readFrom(eis);
+    byte[] capturedArray = eis.capturedArray;
+
+    byte[] originalValue = byteString.toByteArray();
+    for (int x = 0; x < capturedArray.length; ++x) {
+      capturedArray[x] = (byte) 0;
+    }
+
+    byte[] newValue = byteString.toByteArray();
+    assertTrue(
+        "copyFrom byteBuffer must not grant access to underlying array",
+        Arrays.equals(originalValue, newValue));
+  }
+
+  // Tests sizes that are near the rope copy-out threshold.
+  public void testReadFrom_mediumStream() throws IOException {
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(ByteString.CONCATENATE_BY_COPY_SIZE - 1));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(ByteString.CONCATENATE_BY_COPY_SIZE));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(ByteString.CONCATENATE_BY_COPY_SIZE + 1));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(200));
+  }
+
+  // Tests sizes that are over multi-segment rope threshold.
+  public void testReadFrom_largeStream() throws IOException {
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x100));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x101));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x110));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x1000));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x1001));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x1010));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x10000));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x10001));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(0x10010));
+  }
+
+  // Tests sizes that are near the read buffer size.
+  public void testReadFrom_byteBoundaries() throws IOException {
+    final int min = ByteString.MIN_READ_FROM_CHUNK_SIZE;
+    final int max = ByteString.MAX_READ_FROM_CHUNK_SIZE;
+
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(min - 1));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(min));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(min + 1));
+
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(min * 2 - 1));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(min * 2));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(min * 2 + 1));
+
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(min * 4 - 1));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(min * 4));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(min * 4 + 1));
+
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(min * 8 - 1));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(min * 8));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(min * 8 + 1));
+
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(max - 1));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(max));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(max + 1));
+
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(max * 2 - 1));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(max * 2));
+    assertReadFrom(getTestBytes(max * 2 + 1));
+  }
+
+  // Tests that IOExceptions propagate through ByteString.readFrom().
+  public void testReadFrom_IOExceptions() {
+    try {
+      ByteString.readFrom(new FailStream());
+      fail("readFrom must throw the underlying IOException");
+
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      assertEquals(
+          "readFrom must throw the expected exception", "synthetic failure", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Tests that ByteString.readFrom works with streams that don't
+  // always fill their buffers.
+  public void testReadFrom_reluctantStream() throws IOException {
+    final byte[] data = getTestBytes(0x1000);
+
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.readFrom(new ReluctantStream(data));
+    assertTrue(
+        "readFrom byte stream must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArray(byteString.toByteArray(), data));
+
+    // Same test as above, but with some specific chunk sizes.
+    assertReadFromReluctantStream(data, 100);
+    assertReadFromReluctantStream(data, 248);
+    assertReadFromReluctantStream(data, 249);
+    assertReadFromReluctantStream(data, 250);
+    assertReadFromReluctantStream(data, 251);
+    assertReadFromReluctantStream(data, 0x1000);
+    assertReadFromReluctantStream(data, 0x1001);
+  }
+
+  // Fails unless ByteString.readFrom reads the bytes correctly from a
+  // reluctant stream with the given chunkSize parameter.
+  private void assertReadFromReluctantStream(byte[] bytes, int chunkSize) throws IOException {
+    ByteString b = ByteString.readFrom(new ReluctantStream(bytes), chunkSize);
+    assertTrue(
+        "readFrom byte stream must contain the expected bytes", isArray(b.toByteArray(), bytes));
+  }
+
+  // Tests that ByteString.readFrom works with streams that implement
+  // available().
+  public void testReadFrom_available() throws IOException {
+    final byte[] data = getTestBytes(0x1001);
+
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.readFrom(new AvailableStream(data));
+    assertTrue(
+        "readFrom byte stream must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArray(byteString.toByteArray(), data));
+  }
+
+  // Fails unless ByteString.readFrom reads the bytes correctly.
+  private void assertReadFrom(byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.readFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
+    assertTrue(
+        "readFrom byte stream must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArray(byteString.toByteArray(), bytes));
+  }
+
+  // A stream that fails when read.
+  private static final class FailStream extends InputStream {
+    @Override
+    public int read() throws IOException {
+      throw new IOException("synthetic failure");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // A stream that simulates blocking by only producing 250 characters
+  // per call to read(byte[]).
+  private static class ReluctantStream extends InputStream {
+    protected final byte[] data;
+    protected int pos = 0;
+
+    public ReluctantStream(byte[] data) {
+      this.data = data;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read() {
+      if (pos == data.length) {
+        return -1;
+      } else {
+        return data[pos++];
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read(byte[] buf) {
+      return read(buf, 0, buf.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read(byte[] buf, int offset, int size) {
+      if (pos == data.length) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      int count = Math.min(Math.min(size, data.length - pos), 250);
+      System.arraycopy(data, pos, buf, offset, count);
+      pos += count;
+      return count;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Same as above, but also implements available().
+  private static final class AvailableStream extends ReluctantStream {
+    public AvailableStream(byte[] data) {
+      super(data);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int available() {
+      return Math.min(250, data.length - pos);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // A stream which exposes the byte array passed into read(byte[], int, int).
+  private static class EvilInputStream extends InputStream {
+    public byte[] capturedArray = null;
+
+    @Override
+    public int read(byte[] buf, int off, int len) {
+      if (capturedArray != null) {
+        return -1;
+      } else {
+        capturedArray = buf;
+        for (int x = 0; x < len; ++x) {
+          buf[x] = (byte) x;
+        }
+        return len;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read() {
+      // Purposefully do nothing.
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // A stream which exposes the byte array passed into write(byte[], int, int).
+  private static class EvilOutputStream extends OutputStream {
+    public byte[] capturedArray = null;
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] buf, int off, int len) {
+      if (capturedArray == null) {
+        capturedArray = buf;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(int ignored) {
+      // Purposefully do nothing.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testToStringUtf8() {
+    String testString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    byte[] testBytes = testString.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8);
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.copyFrom(testBytes);
+    assertEquals(
+        "copyToStringUtf8 must respect the charset", testString, byteString.toStringUtf8());
+  }
+
+  public void testToString() {
+    String toString =
+        ByteString.copyFrom("Here are some bytes: \t\u00a1".getBytes(Internal.UTF_8)).toString();
+    assertTrue(toString, toString.contains("size=24"));
+    assertTrue(toString, toString.contains("contents=\"Here are some bytes: \\t\\302\\241\""));
+  }
+
+  public void testToString_long() {
+    String toString =
+        ByteString.copyFrom(
+                "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+                    .getBytes(Internal.UTF_8))
+            .toString();
+    assertTrue(toString, toString.contains("size=60"));
+    assertTrue(
+        toString,
+        toString.contains("contents=\"12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567...\""));
+  }
+
+  public void testNewOutput_InitialCapacity() throws IOException {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteString.Output output = ByteString.newOutput(bytes.length + 100);
+    output.write(bytes);
+    ByteString byteString = output.toByteString();
+    assertTrue(
+        "String built from newOutput(int) must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArrayRange(bytes, byteString.toByteArray(), 0, bytes.length));
+  }
+
+  // Test newOutput() using a variety of buffer sizes and a variety of (fixed)
+  // write sizes
+  public void testNewOutput_ArrayWrite() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    int length = bytes.length;
+    int[] bufferSizes = {
+      128, 256, length / 2, length - 1, length, length + 1, 2 * length, 3 * length
+    };
+    int[] writeSizes = {1, 4, 5, 7, 23, bytes.length};
+
+    for (int bufferSize : bufferSizes) {
+      for (int writeSize : writeSizes) {
+        // Test writing the entire output writeSize bytes at a time.
+        ByteString.Output output = ByteString.newOutput(bufferSize);
+        for (int i = 0; i < length; i += writeSize) {
+          output.write(bytes, i, Math.min(writeSize, length - i));
+        }
+        ByteString byteString = output.toByteString();
+        assertTrue(
+            "String built from newOutput() must contain the expected bytes",
+            isArrayRange(bytes, byteString.toByteArray(), 0, bytes.length));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Test newOutput() using a variety of buffer sizes, but writing all the
+  // characters using write(byte);
+  public void testNewOutput_WriteChar() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    int length = bytes.length;
+    int[] bufferSizes = {
+      0, 1, 128, 256, length / 2, length - 1, length, length + 1, 2 * length, 3 * length
+    };
+    for (int bufferSize : bufferSizes) {
+      ByteString.Output output = ByteString.newOutput(bufferSize);
+      for (byte byteValue : bytes) {
+        output.write(byteValue);
+      }
+      ByteString byteString = output.toByteString();
+      assertTrue(
+          "String built from newOutput() must contain the expected bytes",
+          isArrayRange(bytes, byteString.toByteArray(), 0, bytes.length));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Test newOutput() in which we write the bytes using a variety of methods
+  // and sizes, and in which we repeatedly call toByteString() in the middle.
+  public void testNewOutput_Mixed() {
+    Random rng = new Random(1);
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    int length = bytes.length;
+    int[] bufferSizes = {
+      0, 1, 128, 256, length / 2, length - 1, length, length + 1, 2 * length, 3 * length
+    };
+
+    for (int bufferSize : bufferSizes) {
+      // Test writing the entire output using a mixture of write sizes and
+      // methods;
+      ByteString.Output output = ByteString.newOutput(bufferSize);
+      int position = 0;
+      while (position < bytes.length) {
+        if (rng.nextBoolean()) {
+          int count = 1 + rng.nextInt(bytes.length - position);
+          output.write(bytes, position, count);
+          position += count;
+        } else {
+          output.write(bytes[position]);
+          position++;
+        }
+        assertEquals("size() returns the right value", position, output.size());
+        assertTrue(
+            "newOutput() substring must have correct bytes",
+            isArrayRange(output.toByteString().toByteArray(), bytes, 0, position));
+      }
+      ByteString byteString = output.toByteString();
+      assertTrue(
+          "String built from newOutput() must contain the expected bytes",
+          isArrayRange(bytes, byteString.toByteArray(), 0, bytes.length));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testNewOutputEmpty() {
+    // Make sure newOutput() correctly builds empty byte strings
+    ByteString byteString = ByteString.newOutput().toByteString();
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, byteString);
+  }
+
+  public void testNewOutput_Mutating() throws IOException {
+    Output os = ByteString.newOutput(5);
+    os.write(new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5});
+    EvilOutputStream eos = new EvilOutputStream();
+    os.writeTo(eos);
+    byte[] capturedArray = eos.capturedArray;
+    ByteString byteString = os.toByteString();
+    byte[] oldValue = byteString.toByteArray();
+    Arrays.fill(capturedArray, (byte) 0);
+    byte[] newValue = byteString.toByteArray();
+    assertTrue(
+        "Output must not provide access to the underlying byte array",
+        Arrays.equals(oldValue, newValue));
+  }
+
+  public void testNewCodedBuilder() throws IOException {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes();
+    ByteString.CodedBuilder builder = ByteString.newCodedBuilder(bytes.length);
+    builder.getCodedOutput().writeRawBytes(bytes);
+    ByteString byteString = builder.build();
+    assertTrue(
+        "String built from newCodedBuilder() must contain the expected bytes",
+        isArrayRange(bytes, byteString.toByteArray(), 0, bytes.length));
+  }
+
+  public void testSubstringParity() {
+    byte[] bigBytes = getTestBytes(2048 * 1024, 113344L);
+    int start = 512 * 1024 - 3333;
+    int end = 512 * 1024 + 7777;
+    ByteString concreteSubstring = ByteString.copyFrom(bigBytes).substring(start, end);
+    boolean ok = true;
+    for (int i = start; ok && i < end; ++i) {
+      ok = (bigBytes[i] == concreteSubstring.byteAt(i - start));
+    }
+    assertTrue("Concrete substring didn't capture the right bytes", ok);
+
+    ByteString literalString = ByteString.copyFrom(bigBytes, start, end - start);
+    assertEquals("Substring must be equal to literal string", literalString, concreteSubstring);
+    assertEquals(
+        "Substring must have same hashcode as literal string",
+        literalString.hashCode(),
+        concreteSubstring.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testCompositeSubstring() {
+    byte[] referenceBytes = getTestBytes(77748, 113344L);
+
+    List<ByteString> pieces = makeConcretePieces(referenceBytes);
+    ByteString listString = ByteString.copyFrom(pieces);
+
+    int from = 1000;
+    int to = 40000;
+    ByteString compositeSubstring = listString.substring(from, to);
+    byte[] substringBytes = compositeSubstring.toByteArray();
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    for (int i = 0; stillEqual && i < to - from; ++i) {
+      stillEqual = referenceBytes[from + i] == substringBytes[i];
+    }
+    assertTrue("Substring must return correct bytes", stillEqual);
+
+    stillEqual = true;
+    for (int i = 0; stillEqual && i < to - from; ++i) {
+      stillEqual = referenceBytes[from + i] == compositeSubstring.byteAt(i);
+    }
+    assertTrue("Substring must support byteAt() correctly", stillEqual);
+
+    ByteString literalSubstring = ByteString.copyFrom(referenceBytes, from, to - from);
+    assertEquals(
+        "Composite substring must equal a literal substring over the same bytes",
+        literalSubstring,
+        compositeSubstring);
+    assertEquals(
+        "Literal substring must equal a composite substring over the same bytes",
+        compositeSubstring,
+        literalSubstring);
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "We must get the same hashcodes for composite and literal substrings",
+        literalSubstring.hashCode(),
+        compositeSubstring.hashCode());
+
+    assertFalse(
+        "We can't be equal to a proper substring",
+        compositeSubstring.equals(literalSubstring.substring(0, literalSubstring.size() - 1)));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFromList() {
+    byte[] referenceBytes = getTestBytes(77748, 113344L);
+    ByteString literalString = ByteString.copyFrom(referenceBytes);
+
+    List<ByteString> pieces = makeConcretePieces(referenceBytes);
+    ByteString listString = ByteString.copyFrom(pieces);
+
+    assertEquals("Composite string must be equal to literal string", literalString, listString);
+    assertEquals(
+        "Composite string must have same hashcode as literal string",
+        literalString.hashCode(),
+        listString.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testConcat() {
+    byte[] referenceBytes = getTestBytes(77748, 113344L);
+    ByteString literalString = ByteString.copyFrom(referenceBytes);
+
+    List<ByteString> pieces = makeConcretePieces(referenceBytes);
+
+    Iterator<ByteString> iter = pieces.iterator();
+    ByteString concatenatedString = iter.next();
+    while (iter.hasNext()) {
+      concatenatedString = concatenatedString.concat(iter.next());
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "Concatenated string must be equal to literal string", literalString, concatenatedString);
+    assertEquals(
+        "Concatenated string must have same hashcode as literal string",
+        literalString.hashCode(),
+        concatenatedString.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test the Rope implementation can deal with Empty nodes, even though we guard against them. See
+   * also {@link LiteralByteStringTest#testConcat_empty()}.
+   */
+  public void testConcat_empty() {
+    byte[] referenceBytes = getTestBytes(7748, 113344L);
+    ByteString literalString = ByteString.copyFrom(referenceBytes);
+
+    ByteString duo = RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(literalString, literalString);
+    ByteString temp =
+        RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(
+            RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(literalString, ByteString.EMPTY),
+            RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(ByteString.EMPTY, literalString));
+    ByteString quintet = RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(temp, ByteString.EMPTY);
+
+    assertEquals("String with concatenated nulls must equal simple concatenate", quintet, duo);
+    assertEquals(
+        "String with concatenated nulls have same hashcode as simple concatenate",
+        duo.hashCode(),
+        quintet.hashCode());
+
+    ByteString.ByteIterator duoIter = duo.iterator();
+    ByteString.ByteIterator quintetIter = quintet.iterator();
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    while (stillEqual && quintetIter.hasNext()) {
+      stillEqual = (duoIter.nextByte() == quintetIter.nextByte());
+    }
+    assertTrue("We must get the same characters by iterating", stillEqual);
+    assertFalse("Iterator must be exhausted", duoIter.hasNext());
+    try {
+      duoIter.nextByte();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+    try {
+      quintetIter.nextByte();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    // Test that even if we force empty strings in as rope leaves in this
+    // configuration, we always get a (possibly Bounded) LiteralByteString
+    // for a length 1 substring.
+    //
+    // It is possible, using the testing factory method to create deeply nested
+    // trees of empty leaves, to make a string that will fail this test.
+    for (int i = 1; i < duo.size(); ++i) {
+      assertTrue(
+          "Substrings of size() < 2 must not be RopeByteStrings",
+          duo.substring(i - 1, i) instanceof ByteString.LeafByteString);
+    }
+    for (int i = 1; i < quintet.size(); ++i) {
+      assertTrue(
+          "Substrings of size() < 2 must not be RopeByteStrings",
+          quintet.substring(i - 1, i) instanceof ByteString.LeafByteString);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testStartsWith() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes(1000, 1234L);
+    ByteString string = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes);
+    ByteString prefix = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes, 0, 500);
+    ByteString suffix = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes, 400, 600);
+    assertTrue(string.startsWith(ByteString.EMPTY));
+    assertTrue(string.startsWith(string));
+    assertTrue(string.startsWith(prefix));
+    assertFalse(string.startsWith(suffix));
+    assertFalse(prefix.startsWith(suffix));
+    assertFalse(suffix.startsWith(prefix));
+    assertFalse(ByteString.EMPTY.startsWith(prefix));
+    assertTrue(ByteString.EMPTY.startsWith(ByteString.EMPTY));
+  }
+
+  public void testEndsWith() {
+    byte[] bytes = getTestBytes(1000, 1234L);
+    ByteString string = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes);
+    ByteString prefix = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes, 0, 500);
+    ByteString suffix = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes, 400, 600);
+    assertTrue(string.endsWith(ByteString.EMPTY));
+    assertTrue(string.endsWith(string));
+    assertTrue(string.endsWith(suffix));
+    assertFalse(string.endsWith(prefix));
+    assertFalse(suffix.endsWith(prefix));
+    assertFalse(prefix.endsWith(suffix));
+    assertFalse(ByteString.EMPTY.endsWith(suffix));
+    assertTrue(ByteString.EMPTY.endsWith(ByteString.EMPTY));
+  }
+
+  static List<ByteString> makeConcretePieces(byte[] referenceBytes) {
+    List<ByteString> pieces = new ArrayList<ByteString>();
+    // Starting length should be small enough that we'll do some concatenating by
+    // copying if we just concatenate all these pieces together.
+    for (int start = 0, length = 16; start < referenceBytes.length; start += length) {
+      length = (length << 1) - 1;
+      if (start + length > referenceBytes.length) {
+        length = referenceBytes.length - start;
+      }
+      pieces.add(ByteString.copyFrom(referenceBytes, start, length));
+    }
+    return pieces;
+  }
+
+  private byte[] substringUsingWriteTo(ByteString data, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    data.writeTo(output, offset, length);
+    return output.toByteArray();
+  }
+
+  public void testWriteToOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    // Choose a size large enough so when two ByteStrings are concatenated they
+    // won't be merged into one byte array due to some optimizations.
+    final int dataSize = ByteString.CONCATENATE_BY_COPY_SIZE + 1;
+    byte[] data1 = new byte[dataSize];
+    Arrays.fill(data1, (byte) 1);
+    data1[1] = (byte) 11;
+    // Test LiteralByteString.writeTo(OutputStream,int,int)
+    ByteString left = ByteString.wrap(data1);
+    byte[] result = substringUsingWriteTo(left, 1, 1);
+    assertEquals(1, result.length);
+    assertEquals((byte) 11, result[0]);
+
+    byte[] data2 = new byte[dataSize];
+    Arrays.fill(data2, 0, data1.length, (byte) 2);
+    ByteString right = ByteString.wrap(data2);
+    // Concatenate two ByteStrings to create a RopeByteString.
+    ByteString root = left.concat(right);
+    // Make sure we are actually testing a RopeByteString with a simple tree
+    // structure.
+    assertEquals(1, root.getTreeDepth());
+    // Write parts of the left node.
+    result = substringUsingWriteTo(root, 0, dataSize);
+    assertEquals(dataSize, result.length);
+    assertEquals((byte) 1, result[0]);
+    assertEquals((byte) 1, result[dataSize - 1]);
+    // Write parts of the right node.
+    result = substringUsingWriteTo(root, dataSize, dataSize);
+    assertEquals(dataSize, result.length);
+    assertEquals((byte) 2, result[0]);
+    assertEquals((byte) 2, result[dataSize - 1]);
+    // Write a segment of bytes that runs across both nodes.
+    result = substringUsingWriteTo(root, dataSize / 2, dataSize);
+    assertEquals(dataSize, result.length);
+    assertEquals((byte) 1, result[0]);
+    assertEquals((byte) 1, result[dataSize - dataSize / 2 - 1]);
+    assertEquals((byte) 2, result[dataSize - dataSize / 2]);
+    assertEquals((byte) 2, result[dataSize - 1]);
+  }
+
+  /** Tests ByteString uses Arrays based byte copier when running under Hotstop VM. */
+  public void testByteArrayCopier() throws Exception {
+    if (Android.isOnAndroidDevice()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    Field field = ByteString.class.getDeclaredField("byteArrayCopier");
+    field.setAccessible(true);
+    Object byteArrayCopier = field.get(null);
+    assertNotNull(byteArrayCopier);
+    assertTrue(
+        byteArrayCopier.toString(),
+        byteArrayCopier.getClass().getSimpleName().endsWith("ArraysByteArrayCopier"));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CachedFieldSizeTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CachedFieldSizeTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..96319d93c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CachedFieldSizeTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+import proto3_unittest.UnittestProto3;
+import protobuf_unittest.TestCachedFieldSizeMessage;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public final class CachedFieldSizeTest {
+  // Regression test for b/74087933
+  @Test
+  public void testCachedFieldSize() throws Exception {
+    TestCachedFieldSizeMessage.Builder builder = TestCachedFieldSizeMessage.newBuilder();
+    builder.setProto2Child(TestUtil.getPackedSet());
+    builder.setProto3Child(
+        UnittestProto3.TestPackedTypes.parseFrom(TestUtil.getPackedSet().toByteArray()));
+    TestCachedFieldSizeMessage message = builder.build();
+
+    // Serialize once to cache all field sizes. This will use the experimental runtime because
+    // the proto has optimize_for = CODE_SIZE.
+    message.toByteArray();
+    // Serialize individual submessages. This will use the generated implementation. If the
+    // experimental runtime hasn't set the correct cached size, this will throw an exception.
+    byte[] data2 = message.getProto2Child().toByteArray();
+    byte[] data3 = message.getProto3Child().toByteArray();
+
+    // Make sure the serialized data is correct.
+    assertEquals(message.getProto2Child(), TestPackedTypes.parseFrom(data2));
+    assertEquals(message.getProto3Child(), UnittestProto3.TestPackedTypes.parseFrom(data3));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CheckUtf8Test.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CheckUtf8Test.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e276225e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CheckUtf8Test.java
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import proto2_test_check_utf8.TestCheckUtf8.BytesWrapper;
+import proto2_test_check_utf8.TestCheckUtf8.StringWrapper;
+import proto2_test_check_utf8_size.TestCheckUtf8Size.BytesWrapperSize;
+import proto2_test_check_utf8_size.TestCheckUtf8Size.StringWrapperSize;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Test that protos generated with file option java_string_check_utf8 do in fact perform appropriate
+ * UTF-8 checks.
+ *
+ * @author jbaum@google.com (Jacob Butcher)
+ */
+public class CheckUtf8Test extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final String UTF8_BYTE_STRING_TEXT = "some text";
+  private static final ByteString UTF8_BYTE_STRING = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(UTF8_BYTE_STRING_TEXT);
+  private static final ByteString NON_UTF8_BYTE_STRING =
+      ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {(byte) 0x80}); // A lone continuation byte.
+
+  public void testBuildRequiredStringWithGoodUtf8() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(
+        UTF8_BYTE_STRING_TEXT, StringWrapper.newBuilder().setReqBytes(UTF8_BYTE_STRING).getReq());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseRequiredStringWithGoodUtf8() throws Exception {
+    ByteString serialized =
+        BytesWrapper.newBuilder().setReq(UTF8_BYTE_STRING).build().toByteString();
+    assertEquals(UTF8_BYTE_STRING_TEXT, StringWrapper.parser().parseFrom(serialized).getReq());
+  }
+
+  public void testBuildRequiredStringWithBadUtf8() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      StringWrapper.newBuilder().setReqBytes(NON_UTF8_BYTE_STRING);
+      fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException for non UTF-8 byte string.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException exception) {
+      assertEquals("Byte string is not UTF-8.", exception.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testBuildOptionalStringWithBadUtf8() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      StringWrapper.newBuilder().setOptBytes(NON_UTF8_BYTE_STRING);
+      fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException for non UTF-8 byte string.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException exception) {
+      assertEquals("Byte string is not UTF-8.", exception.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testBuildRepeatedStringWithBadUtf8() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      StringWrapper.newBuilder().addRepBytes(NON_UTF8_BYTE_STRING);
+      fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException for non UTF-8 byte string.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException exception) {
+      assertEquals("Byte string is not UTF-8.", exception.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseRequiredStringWithBadUtf8() throws Exception {
+    byte[] serialized =
+        BytesWrapper.newBuilder().setReq(NON_UTF8_BYTE_STRING).build().toByteArray();
+    assertParseBadUtf8(StringWrapper.getDefaultInstance(), serialized);
+  }
+
+  public void testBuildRequiredStringWithBadUtf8Size() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      StringWrapperSize.newBuilder().setReqBytes(NON_UTF8_BYTE_STRING);
+      fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException for non UTF-8 byte string.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException exception) {
+      assertEquals("Byte string is not UTF-8.", exception.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testBuildOptionalStringWithBadUtf8Size() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      StringWrapperSize.newBuilder().setOptBytes(NON_UTF8_BYTE_STRING);
+      fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException for non UTF-8 byte string.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException exception) {
+      assertEquals("Byte string is not UTF-8.", exception.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testBuildRepeatedStringWithBadUtf8Size() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      StringWrapperSize.newBuilder().addRepBytes(NON_UTF8_BYTE_STRING);
+      fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException for non UTF-8 byte string.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException exception) {
+      assertEquals("Byte string is not UTF-8.", exception.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseRequiredStringWithBadUtf8Size() throws Exception {
+    byte[] serialized =
+        BytesWrapperSize.newBuilder().setReq(NON_UTF8_BYTE_STRING).build().toByteArray();
+    assertParseBadUtf8(StringWrapperSize.getDefaultInstance(), serialized);
+  }
+
+  private void assertParseBadUtf8(MessageLite defaultInstance, byte[] data) throws Exception {
+    // Check combinations of (parser vs. builder) x (byte[] vs. InputStream)
+    try {
+      defaultInstance.getParserForType().parseFrom(data);
+      fail("Expected InvalidProtocolBufferException for non UTF-8 byte string.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException exception) {
+      assertEquals("Protocol message had invalid UTF-8.", exception.getMessage());
+    }
+    try {
+      defaultInstance.newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(data);
+      fail("Expected InvalidProtocolBufferException for non UTF-8 byte string.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException exception) {
+      assertEquals("Protocol message had invalid UTF-8.", exception.getMessage());
+    }
+    try {
+      defaultInstance.getParserForType().parseFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(data));
+      fail("Expected InvalidProtocolBufferException for non UTF-8 byte string.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException exception) {
+      assertEquals("Protocol message had invalid UTF-8.", exception.getMessage());
+    }
+    try {
+      defaultInstance.newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(data));
+      fail("Expected InvalidProtocolBufferException for non UTF-8 byte string.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException exception) {
+      assertEquals("Protocol message had invalid UTF-8.", exception.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedAdapterTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedAdapterTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a24b48b51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedAdapterTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3Testing.Proto3Message;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public final class CodedAdapterTest {
+  @Before
+  public void setup() {
+    TestSchemas.registerGenericProto2Schemas();
+
+    Protobuf.getInstance()
+        .registerSchemaOverride(Proto3Message.class, TestSchemas.genericProto3Schema);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void proto3Roundtrip() throws Exception {
+    Proto3Message expected = new Proto3MessageFactory(5, 10, 2, 2).newMessage();
+    byte[] expectedBytes = expected.toByteArray();
+
+    // Deserialize with BinaryReader and verify that the message matches the original.
+    Proto3Message result = fromByteArray(expectedBytes, Proto3Message.class);
+    assertEquals(expected, result);
+
+    // Now write it back out using BinaryWriter and verify the output length.
+    byte[] actualBytes = toByteArray(result, expectedBytes.length);
+
+    // Read back in the bytes and verify that it matches the original message.
+    Proto3Message actual = Proto3Message.parseFrom(actualBytes);
+    assertEquals(expected, actual);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void proto2Roundtrip() throws Exception {
+    Proto2Message expected = new Proto2MessageFactory(5, 10, 2, 2).newMessage();
+    byte[] expectedBytes = expected.toByteArray();
+
+    // Deserialize with BinaryReader and verify that the message matches the original.
+    Proto2Message result = fromByteArray(expectedBytes, Proto2Message.class);
+    assertEquals(expected, result);
+
+    // Now write it back out using BinaryWriter and verify the output length.
+    byte[] actualBytes = toByteArray(result, expectedBytes.length);
+
+    // Read back in the bytes and verify that it matches the original message.
+    Proto2Message actual = Proto2Message.parseFrom(actualBytes);
+    assertEquals(expected, actual);
+  }
+
+  public static <T> byte[] toByteArray(T msg, int size) throws Exception {
+    Schema<T> schema = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(msg);
+    byte[] out = new byte[size];
+    CodedOutputStreamWriter writer =
+        CodedOutputStreamWriter.forCodedOutput(CodedOutputStream.newInstance(out));
+    schema.writeTo(msg, writer);
+    assertEquals(out.length, writer.getTotalBytesWritten());
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  public static <T> T fromByteArray(byte[] data, Class<T> messageType) {
+    Schema<T> schema = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(messageType);
+    try {
+      T msg = schema.newInstance();
+      schema.mergeFrom(
+          msg,
+          CodedInputStreamReader.forCodedInput(CodedInputStream.newInstance(data)),
+          ExtensionRegistryLite.EMPTY_REGISTRY_LITE);
+      return msg;
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..532052cdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1254 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.BoolMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.Int32Message;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.Int64Message;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRecursiveMessage;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.FilterInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link CodedInputStream}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final int DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE = 4096;
+
+  private enum InputType {
+    ARRAY {
+      @Override
+      CodedInputStream newDecoder(byte[] data, int blockSize) {
+        return CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
+      }
+    },
+    NIO_HEAP {
+      @Override
+      CodedInputStream newDecoder(byte[] data, int blockSize) {
+        return CodedInputStream.newInstance(ByteBuffer.wrap(data));
+      }
+    },
+    NIO_DIRECT {
+      @Override
+      CodedInputStream newDecoder(byte[] data, int blockSize) {
+        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(data.length);
+        buffer.put(data);
+        buffer.flip();
+        return CodedInputStream.newInstance(buffer);
+      }
+    },
+    STREAM {
+      @Override
+      CodedInputStream newDecoder(byte[] data, int blockSize) {
+        return CodedInputStream.newInstance(new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
+      }
+    },
+    ITER_DIRECT {
+      @Override
+      CodedInputStream newDecoder(byte[] data, int blockSize) {
+        if (blockSize > DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+          blockSize = DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE;
+        }
+        ArrayList<ByteBuffer> input = new ArrayList<ByteBuffer>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i += blockSize) {
+          int rl = Math.min(blockSize, data.length - i);
+          ByteBuffer rb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(rl);
+          rb.put(data, i, rl);
+          rb.flip();
+          input.add(rb);
+        }
+        return CodedInputStream.newInstance(input);
+      }
+    },
+    STREAM_ITER_DIRECT {
+      @Override
+      CodedInputStream newDecoder(byte[] data, int blockSize) {
+        if (blockSize > DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+          blockSize = DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE;
+        }
+        ArrayList<ByteBuffer> input = new ArrayList<ByteBuffer>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i += blockSize) {
+          int rl = Math.min(blockSize, data.length - i);
+          ByteBuffer rb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(rl);
+          rb.put(data, i, rl);
+          rb.flip();
+          input.add(rb);
+        }
+        return CodedInputStream.newInstance(new IterableByteBufferInputStream(input));
+      }
+    };
+
+    CodedInputStream newDecoder(byte[] data) {
+      return newDecoder(data, data.length);
+    }
+
+    abstract CodedInputStream newDecoder(byte[] data, int blockSize);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper to construct a byte array from a bunch of bytes. The inputs are actually ints so that I
+   * can use hex notation and not get stupid errors about precision.
+   */
+  private byte[] bytes(int... bytesAsInts) {
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesAsInts.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytesAsInts.length; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = (byte) bytesAsInts[i];
+    }
+    return bytes;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * An InputStream which limits the number of bytes it reads at a time. We use this to make sure
+   * that CodedInputStream doesn't screw up when reading in small blocks.
+   */
+  private static final class SmallBlockInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
+    private final int blockSize;
+    private int skipCalls;
+    private int readCalls;
+
+    public SmallBlockInputStream(byte[] data, int blockSize) {
+      super(new ByteArrayInputStream(data));
+      this.blockSize = blockSize;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read() throws IOException {
+      readCalls++;
+      return super.read();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read(byte[] b) throws IOException {
+      readCalls++;
+      return super.read(b, 0, Math.min(b.length, blockSize));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+      readCalls++;
+      return super.read(b, off, Math.min(len, blockSize));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long skip(long len) throws IOException {
+      skipCalls++;
+      return super.skip(Math.min(len, blockSize));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertDataConsumed(String msg, byte[] data, CodedInputStream input)
+      throws IOException {
+    assertEquals(msg, data.length, input.getTotalBytesRead());
+    assertTrue(msg, input.isAtEnd());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses the given bytes using readRawVarint32() and readRawVarint64() and checks that the result
+   * matches the given value.
+   */
+  private void assertReadVarint(byte[] data, long value) throws Exception {
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      // Try different block sizes.
+      for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+        CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data, blockSize);
+        assertEquals(inputType.name(), (int) value, input.readRawVarint32());
+        assertDataConsumed(inputType.name(), data, input);
+
+        input = inputType.newDecoder(data, blockSize);
+        assertEquals(inputType.name(), value, input.readRawVarint64());
+        assertDataConsumed(inputType.name(), data, input);
+
+        input = inputType.newDecoder(data, blockSize);
+        assertEquals(inputType.name(), value, input.readRawVarint64SlowPath());
+        assertDataConsumed(inputType.name(), data, input);
+
+        input = inputType.newDecoder(data, blockSize);
+        assertTrue(inputType.name(), input.skipField(WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT));
+        assertDataConsumed(inputType.name(), data, input);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Try reading direct from an InputStream.  We want to verify that it
+    // doesn't read past the end of the input, so we copy to a new, bigger
+    // array first.
+    byte[] longerData = new byte[data.length + 1];
+    System.arraycopy(data, 0, longerData, 0, data.length);
+    InputStream rawInput = new ByteArrayInputStream(longerData);
+    assertEquals((int) value, CodedInputStream.readRawVarint32(rawInput));
+    assertEquals(1, rawInput.available());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses the given bytes using readRawVarint32() and readRawVarint64() and expects them to fail
+   * with an InvalidProtocolBufferException whose description matches the given one.
+   */
+  private void assertReadVarintFailure(InvalidProtocolBufferException expected, byte[] data)
+      throws Exception {
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      try {
+        CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data);
+        input.readRawVarint32();
+        fail(inputType.name() + ": Should have thrown an exception.");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        assertEquals(inputType.name(), expected.getMessage(), e.getMessage());
+      }
+      try {
+        CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data);
+        input.readRawVarint64();
+        fail(inputType.name() + ": Should have thrown an exception.");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        assertEquals(inputType.name(), expected.getMessage(), e.getMessage());
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Make sure we get the same error when reading direct from an InputStream.
+    try {
+      CodedInputStream.readRawVarint32(new ByteArrayInputStream(data));
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      assertEquals(expected.getMessage(), e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Tests readRawVarint32() and readRawVarint64(). */
+  public void testReadVarint() throws Exception {
+    assertReadVarint(bytes(0x00), 0);
+    assertReadVarint(bytes(0x01), 1);
+    assertReadVarint(bytes(0x7f), 127);
+    // 14882
+    assertReadVarint(bytes(0xa2, 0x74), (0x22 << 0) | (0x74 << 7));
+    // 2961488830
+    assertReadVarint(
+        bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b),
+        (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) | (0x0bL << 28));
+
+    // 64-bit
+    // 7256456126
+    assertReadVarint(
+        bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b),
+        (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) | (0x1bL << 28));
+    // 41256202580718336
+    assertReadVarint(
+        bytes(0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49),
+        (0x00 << 0)
+            | (0x66 << 7)
+            | (0x6b << 14)
+            | (0x1c << 21)
+            | (0x43L << 28)
+            | (0x49L << 35)
+            | (0x24L << 42)
+            | (0x49L << 49));
+    // 11964378330978735131
+    assertReadVarint(
+        bytes(0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85, 0xa6, 0x01),
+        (0x1b << 0)
+            | (0x28 << 7)
+            | (0x79 << 14)
+            | (0x42 << 21)
+            | (0x3bL << 28)
+            | (0x56L << 35)
+            | (0x00L << 42)
+            | (0x05L << 49)
+            | (0x26L << 56)
+            | (0x01L << 63));
+
+    // Failures
+    assertReadVarintFailure(
+        InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint(),
+        bytes(0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00));
+    assertReadVarintFailure(InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage(), bytes(0x80));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses the given bytes using readRawLittleEndian32() and checks that the result matches the
+   * given value.
+   */
+  private void assertReadLittleEndian32(byte[] data, int value) throws Exception {
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      // Try different block sizes.
+      for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+        CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data, blockSize);
+        assertEquals(inputType.name(), value, input.readRawLittleEndian32());
+        assertTrue(inputType.name(), input.isAtEnd());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses the given bytes using readRawLittleEndian64() and checks that the result matches the
+   * given value.
+   */
+  private void assertReadLittleEndian64(byte[] data, long value) throws Exception {
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      // Try different block sizes.
+      for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+        CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data, blockSize);
+        assertEquals(inputType.name(), value, input.readRawLittleEndian64());
+        assertTrue(inputType.name(), input.isAtEnd());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Tests readRawLittleEndian32() and readRawLittleEndian64(). */
+  public void testReadLittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertReadLittleEndian32(bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12), 0x12345678);
+    assertReadLittleEndian32(bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a), 0x9abcdef0);
+
+    assertReadLittleEndian64(
+        bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12), 0x123456789abcdef0L);
+    assertReadLittleEndian64(
+        bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a), 0x9abcdef012345678L);
+  }
+
+  /** Test decodeZigZag32() and decodeZigZag64(). */
+  public void testDecodeZigZag() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0));
+    assertEquals(-1, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(1));
+    assertEquals(1, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(2));
+    assertEquals(-2, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(3));
+    assertEquals(0x3FFFFFFF, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFE));
+    assertEquals(0xC0000000, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFF));
+    assertEquals(0x7FFFFFFF, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0xFFFFFFFE));
+    assertEquals(0x80000000, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0xFFFFFFFF));
+
+    assertEquals(0, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0));
+    assertEquals(-1, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(1));
+    assertEquals(1, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(2));
+    assertEquals(-2, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(3));
+    assertEquals(0x000000003FFFFFFFL, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFEL));
+    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFFC0000000L, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFFL));
+    assertEquals(0x000000007FFFFFFFL, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x00000000FFFFFFFEL));
+    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFF80000000L, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x00000000FFFFFFFFL));
+    assertEquals(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEL));
+    assertEquals(0x8000000000000000L, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests reading and parsing a whole message with every field type. */
+  public void testReadWholeMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+
+    byte[] rawBytes = message.toByteArray();
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.length, message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      // Try different block sizes.
+      for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize < 256; blockSize *= 2) {
+        TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(inputType.newDecoder(rawBytes, blockSize));
+        TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Tests skipField(). */
+  public void testSkipWholeMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    byte[] rawBytes = message.toByteArray();
+
+    InputType[] inputTypes = InputType.values();
+    CodedInputStream[] inputs = new CodedInputStream[inputTypes.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < inputs.length; ++i) {
+      inputs[i] = inputTypes[i].newDecoder(rawBytes);
+    }
+    UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+
+    while (true) {
+      CodedInputStream input1 = inputs[0];
+      int tag = input1.readTag();
+      // Ensure that the rest match.
+      for (int i = 1; i < inputs.length; ++i) {
+        assertEquals(inputTypes[i].name(), tag, inputs[i].readTag());
+      }
+      if (tag == 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+      unknownFields.mergeFieldFrom(tag, input1);
+      // Skip the field for the rest of the inputs.
+      for (int i = 1; i < inputs.length; ++i) {
+        inputs[i].skipField(tag);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test that a bug in skipRawBytes() has been fixed: if the skip skips exactly up to a limit, this
+   * should not break things.
+   */
+  public void testSkipRawBytesBug() throws Exception {
+    byte[] rawBytes = new byte[] {1, 2};
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(rawBytes);
+      int limit = input.pushLimit(1);
+      input.skipRawBytes(1);
+      input.popLimit(limit);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 2, input.readRawByte());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test that a bug in skipRawBytes() has been fixed: if the skip skips past the end of a buffer
+   * with a limit that has been set past the end of that buffer, this should not break things.
+   */
+  public void testSkipRawBytesPastEndOfBufferWithLimit() throws Exception {
+    byte[] rawBytes = new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(rawBytes);
+      int limit = input.pushLimit(4);
+      // In order to expose the bug we need to read at least one byte to prime the
+      // buffer inside the CodedInputStream.
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, input.readRawByte());
+      // Skip to the end of the limit.
+      input.skipRawBytes(3);
+      assertTrue(inputType.name(), input.isAtEnd());
+      input.popLimit(limit);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 5, input.readRawByte());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test that calling skipRawBytes (when not merging a message) actually skips from the underlying
+   * inputstream, regardless of the buffer size used.
+   */
+  public void testSkipRawBytesActuallySkips() throws Exception {
+    SmallBlockInputStream bytes = new SmallBlockInputStream(new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, 3);
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(bytes, 1); // Tiny buffer
+    input.skipRawBytes(3);
+    input.skipRawBytes(2);
+    assertEquals(2, bytes.skipCalls);
+    assertEquals(0, bytes.readCalls);
+  }
+
+  public void testSkipHugeBlob() throws Exception {
+    // Allocate and initialize a 1MB blob.
+    int blobSize = 1 << 20;
+    byte[] blob = new byte[blobSize];
+    for (int i = 0; i < blob.length; i++) {
+      blob[i] = (byte) i;
+    }
+
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream decoder = inputType.newDecoder(blob);
+      decoder.skipRawBytes(blobSize - 10);
+      byte[] remaining = decoder.readRawBytes(10);
+      assertArrayEquals(Arrays.copyOfRange(blob, blobSize - 10, blobSize), remaining);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Skipping a huge blob should not allocate excessive memory, so there should be no limit */
+  public void testSkipMaliciouslyHugeBlob() throws Exception {
+    InputStream is = new RepeatingInputStream(new byte[]{1}, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+    CodedInputStream.newInstance(is).skipRawBytes(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+  }
+
+  public void testReadHugeBlob() throws Exception {
+    // Allocate and initialize a 1MB blob.
+    byte[] blob = new byte[1 << 20];
+    for (int i = 0; i < blob.length; i++) {
+      blob[i] = (byte) i;
+    }
+
+    // Make a message containing it.
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    builder.setOptionalBytes(ByteString.copyFrom(blob));
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    byte[] data = message.toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      // Serialize and parse it.  Make sure to parse from an InputStream, not
+      // directly from a ByteString, so that CodedInputStream uses buffered
+      // reading.
+      TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(inputType.newDecoder(data));
+
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), message.getOptionalBytes(), message2.getOptionalBytes());
+
+      // Make sure all the other fields were parsed correctly.
+      TestAllTypes message3 =
+          TestAllTypes.newBuilder(message2)
+              .setOptionalBytes(TestUtil.getAllSet().getOptionalBytes())
+              .build();
+      TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message3);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testReadMaliciouslyLargeBlob() throws Exception {
+    ByteString.Output rawOutput = ByteString.newOutput();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput);
+
+    int tag = WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(0x7FFFFFFF);
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[32]); // Pad with a few random bytes.
+    output.flush();
+
+    byte[] data = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data);
+      assertEquals(tag, input.readTag());
+      try {
+        input.readBytes();
+        fail(inputType.name() + ": Should have thrown an exception!");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        // success.
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test we can do messages that are up to CodedInputStream#DEFAULT_SIZE_LIMIT in size (2G or
+   * Integer#MAX_SIZE).
+   *
+   * @throws IOException
+   */
+  public void testParseMessagesCloseTo2G() throws IOException {
+    byte[] serializedMessage = getBigSerializedMessage();
+    // How many of these big messages do we need to take us near our 2G limit?
+    int count = Integer.MAX_VALUE / serializedMessage.length;
+    // Now make an inputstream that will fake a near 2G message of messages
+    // returning our big serialized message 'count' times.
+    InputStream is = new RepeatingInputStream(serializedMessage, count);
+    // Parse should succeed!
+    TestAllTypes.parseFrom(is);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test there is an exception if a message exceeds CodedInputStream#DEFAULT_SIZE_LIMIT in size (2G
+   * or Integer#MAX_SIZE).
+   *
+   * @throws IOException
+   */
+  public void testParseMessagesOver2G() throws IOException {
+    byte[] serializedMessage = getBigSerializedMessage();
+    // How many of these big messages do we need to take us near our 2G limit?
+    int count = Integer.MAX_VALUE / serializedMessage.length;
+    // Now add one to take us over the limit
+    count++;
+    // Now make an inputstream that will fake a near 2G message of messages
+    // returning our big serialized message 'count' times.
+    InputStream is = new RepeatingInputStream(serializedMessage, count);
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.parseFrom(is);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("too large"));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * @return A serialized big message.
+   */
+  private static byte[] getBigSerializedMessage() {
+    byte[] value = new byte[16 * 1024 * 1024];
+    ByteString bsValue = ByteString.wrap(value);
+    return TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalBytes(bsValue).build().toByteArray();
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * An input stream that repeats a byte arrays' content a number of times.
+   * Simulates really large input without consuming loads of memory. Used above
+   * to test the parsing behavior when the input size exceeds 2G or close to it.
+   */
+  private static class RepeatingInputStream extends InputStream {
+    private final byte[] serializedMessage;
+    private final int count;
+    private int index = 0;
+    private int offset = 0;
+
+    RepeatingInputStream(byte[] serializedMessage, int count) {
+      this.serializedMessage = serializedMessage;
+      this.count = count;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read() throws IOException {
+      if (this.offset == this.serializedMessage.length) {
+        this.index++;
+        this.offset = 0;
+      }
+      if (this.index == this.count) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      return this.serializedMessage[offset++];
+    }
+  }
+
+  private TestRecursiveMessage makeRecursiveMessage(int depth) {
+    if (depth == 0) {
+      return TestRecursiveMessage.newBuilder().setI(5).build();
+    } else {
+      return TestRecursiveMessage.newBuilder().setA(makeRecursiveMessage(depth - 1)).build();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertMessageDepth(String msg, TestRecursiveMessage message, int depth) {
+    if (depth == 0) {
+      assertFalse(msg, message.hasA());
+      assertEquals(msg, 5, message.getI());
+    } else {
+      assertTrue(msg, message.hasA());
+      assertMessageDepth(msg, message.getA(), depth - 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMaliciousRecursion() throws Exception {
+    byte[] data100 = makeRecursiveMessage(100).toByteArray();
+    byte[] data101 = makeRecursiveMessage(101).toByteArray();
+
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      assertMessageDepth(
+          inputType.name(), TestRecursiveMessage.parseFrom(inputType.newDecoder(data100)), 100);
+
+      try {
+        TestRecursiveMessage.parseFrom(inputType.newDecoder(data101));
+        fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        // success.
+      }
+
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data100);
+      input.setRecursionLimit(8);
+      try {
+        TestRecursiveMessage.parseFrom(input);
+        fail(inputType.name() + ": Should have thrown an exception!");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        // success.
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void checkSizeLimitExceeded(InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+    assertEquals(InvalidProtocolBufferException.sizeLimitExceeded().getMessage(), e.getMessage());
+  }
+
+  public void testSizeLimit() throws Exception {
+    // NOTE: Size limit only applies to the stream-backed CIS.
+    CodedInputStream input =
+        CodedInputStream.newInstance(
+            new SmallBlockInputStream(TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteArray(), 16));
+    input.setSizeLimit(16);
+
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.parseFrom(input);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+      checkSizeLimitExceeded(expected);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testResetSizeCounter() throws Exception {
+    // NOTE: Size limit only applies to the stream-backed CIS.
+    CodedInputStream input =
+        CodedInputStream.newInstance(new SmallBlockInputStream(new byte[256], 8));
+    input.setSizeLimit(16);
+    input.readRawBytes(16);
+    assertEquals(16, input.getTotalBytesRead());
+
+    try {
+      input.readRawByte();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+      checkSizeLimitExceeded(expected);
+    }
+
+    input.resetSizeCounter();
+    assertEquals(0, input.getTotalBytesRead());
+    input.readRawByte(); // No exception thrown.
+    input.resetSizeCounter();
+    assertEquals(0, input.getTotalBytesRead());
+    input.readRawBytes(16);
+    assertEquals(16, input.getTotalBytesRead());
+    input.resetSizeCounter();
+
+    try {
+      input.readRawBytes(17); // Hits limit again.
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+      checkSizeLimitExceeded(expected);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRefillBufferWithCorrectSize() throws Exception {
+    // NOTE: refillBuffer only applies to the stream-backed CIS.
+    byte[] bytes = "123456789".getBytes("UTF-8");
+    ByteArrayOutputStream rawOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput, bytes.length);
+
+    int tag = WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(bytes.length);
+    output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(bytes.length);
+    output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
+    output.writeRawByte(4);
+    output.flush();
+
+    // Input is two string with length 9 and one raw byte.
+    byte[] rawInput = rawOutput.toByteArray();
+    for (int inputStreamBufferLength = 8;
+        inputStreamBufferLength <= rawInput.length + 1;
+        inputStreamBufferLength++) {
+      CodedInputStream input =
+          CodedInputStream.newInstance(new ByteArrayInputStream(rawInput), inputStreamBufferLength);
+      input.setSizeLimit(rawInput.length - 1);
+      input.readString();
+      input.readString();
+      try {
+        input.readRawByte(); // Hits limit.
+        fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+        checkSizeLimitExceeded(expected);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testIsAtEnd() throws Exception {
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[5]));
+    try {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+        assertEquals(false, input.isAtEnd());
+        input.readRawByte();
+      }
+      assertEquals(true, input.isAtEnd());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new AssertionError("Catch exception in the testIsAtEnd", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testCurrentLimitExceeded() throws Exception {
+    byte[] bytes = "123456789".getBytes("UTF-8");
+    ByteArrayOutputStream rawOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput, bytes.length);
+
+    int tag = WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(bytes.length);
+    output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
+    output.flush();
+
+    byte[] rawInput = rawOutput.toByteArray();
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(new ByteArrayInputStream(rawInput));
+    // The length of the whole rawInput
+    input.setSizeLimit(11);
+    // Some number that is smaller than the rawInput's length
+    // but larger than 2
+    input.pushLimit(5);
+    try {
+      input.readString();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+      assertEquals(
+          expected.getMessage(), InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage().getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSizeLimitMultipleMessages() throws Exception {
+    // NOTE: Size limit only applies to the stream-backed CIS.
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[256];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = (byte) i;
+    }
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(new SmallBlockInputStream(bytes, 7));
+    input.setSizeLimit(16);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 256 / 16; i++) {
+      byte[] message = input.readRawBytes(16);
+      for (int j = 0; j < message.length; j++) {
+        assertEquals(i * 16 + j, message[j] & 0xff);
+      }
+      assertEquals(16, input.getTotalBytesRead());
+      input.resetSizeCounter();
+      assertEquals(0, input.getTotalBytesRead());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testReadString() throws Exception {
+    String lorem = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet ";
+    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4096; i += lorem.length()) {
+      builder.append(lorem);
+    }
+    lorem = builder.toString().substring(0, 4096);
+    byte[] bytes = lorem.getBytes("UTF-8");
+    ByteString.Output rawOutput = ByteString.newOutput();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput, bytes.length);
+
+    int tag = WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(bytes.length);
+    output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
+    output.flush();
+
+    byte[] rawInput = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(rawInput);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), tag, input.readTag());
+      String text = input.readString();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), lorem, text);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testReadStringRequireUtf8() throws Exception {
+    String lorem = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet ";
+    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4096; i += lorem.length()) {
+      builder.append(lorem);
+    }
+    lorem = builder.toString().substring(0, 4096);
+    byte[] bytes = lorem.getBytes("UTF-8");
+    ByteString.Output rawOutput = ByteString.newOutput();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput, bytes.length);
+
+    int tag = WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(bytes.length);
+    output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
+    output.flush();
+
+    byte[] rawInput = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(rawInput);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), tag, input.readTag());
+      String text = input.readStringRequireUtf8();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), lorem, text);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that if we readString invalid UTF-8 bytes, no exception is thrown. Instead, the invalid
+   * bytes are replaced with the Unicode "replacement character" U+FFFD.
+   */
+  public void testReadStringInvalidUtf8() throws Exception {
+    ByteString.Output rawOutput = ByteString.newOutput();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput);
+
+    int tag = WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(1);
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 0x80});
+    output.flush();
+
+    byte[] rawInput = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(rawInput);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), tag, input.readTag());
+      String text = input.readString();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 0xfffd, text.charAt(0));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that if we readStringRequireUtf8 invalid UTF-8 bytes, an InvalidProtocolBufferException
+   * is thrown.
+   */
+  public void testReadStringRequireUtf8InvalidUtf8() throws Exception {
+    ByteString.Output rawOutput = ByteString.newOutput();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput);
+
+    int tag = WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(1);
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 0x80});
+    output.flush();
+
+    byte[] rawInput = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(rawInput);
+      assertEquals(tag, input.readTag());
+      try {
+        input.readStringRequireUtf8();
+        fail(inputType.name() + ": Expected invalid UTF-8 exception.");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException exception) {
+        assertEquals(
+            inputType.name(), "Protocol message had invalid UTF-8.", exception.getMessage());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testReadFromSlice() throws Exception {
+    byte[] bytes = bytes(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9);
+    CodedInputStream in = CodedInputStream.newInstance(bytes, 3, 5);
+    assertEquals(0, in.getTotalBytesRead());
+    for (int i = 3; i < 8; i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, in.readRawByte());
+      assertEquals(i - 2, in.getTotalBytesRead());
+    }
+    // eof
+    assertEquals(0, in.readTag());
+    assertEquals(5, in.getTotalBytesRead());
+  }
+
+  public void testInvalidTag() throws Exception {
+    // Any tag number which corresponds to field number zero is invalid and
+    // should throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        try {
+          inputType.newDecoder(bytes(i)).readTag();
+          fail(inputType.name() + ": Should have thrown an exception.");
+        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+          assertEquals(
+              inputType.name(),
+              InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag().getMessage(),
+              e.getMessage());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testReadByteArray() throws Exception {
+    ByteString.Output rawOutput = ByteString.newOutput();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput);
+    // Zero-sized bytes field.
+    output.writeRawVarint32(0);
+    // One one-byte bytes field
+    output.writeRawVarint32(1);
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 23});
+    // Another one-byte bytes field
+    output.writeRawVarint32(1);
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 45});
+    // A bytes field large enough that won't fit into the 4K buffer.
+    final int bytesLength = 16 * 1024;
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesLength];
+    bytes[0] = (byte) 67;
+    bytes[bytesLength - 1] = (byte) 89;
+    output.writeRawVarint32(bytesLength);
+    output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
+
+    output.flush();
+
+    byte[] rawInput = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream inputStream = inputType.newDecoder(rawInput);
+
+      byte[] result = inputStream.readByteArray();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 0, result.length);
+      result = inputStream.readByteArray();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.length);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 23, result[0]);
+      result = inputStream.readByteArray();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.length);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 45, result[0]);
+      result = inputStream.readByteArray();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), bytesLength, result.length);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 67, result[0]);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 89, result[bytesLength - 1]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testReadLargeByteStringFromInputStream() throws Exception {
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 1024];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = (byte) (i & 0xFF);
+    }
+    ByteString.Output rawOutput = ByteString.newOutput();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(bytes.length);
+    output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
+    output.flush();
+    byte[] data = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+
+    CodedInputStream input =
+        CodedInputStream.newInstance(
+            new ByteArrayInputStream(data) {
+              @Override
+              public synchronized int available() {
+                return 0;
+              }
+            });
+    ByteString result = input.readBytes();
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFrom(bytes), result);
+  }
+
+  public void testReadLargeByteArrayFromInputStream() throws Exception {
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 1024];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = (byte) (i & 0xFF);
+    }
+    ByteString.Output rawOutput = ByteString.newOutput();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput);
+    output.writeRawVarint32(bytes.length);
+    output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
+    output.flush();
+    byte[] data = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+
+    CodedInputStream input =
+        CodedInputStream.newInstance(
+            new ByteArrayInputStream(data) {
+              @Override
+              public synchronized int available() {
+                return 0;
+              }
+            });
+    byte[] result = input.readByteArray();
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(bytes, result));
+  }
+
+  public void testReadByteBuffer() throws Exception {
+    ByteString.Output rawOutput = ByteString.newOutput();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput);
+    // Zero-sized bytes field.
+    output.writeRawVarint32(0);
+    // One one-byte bytes field
+    output.writeRawVarint32(1);
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 23});
+    // Another one-byte bytes field
+    output.writeRawVarint32(1);
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 45});
+    // A bytes field large enough that won't fit into the 4K buffer.
+    final int bytesLength = 16 * 1024;
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesLength];
+    bytes[0] = (byte) 67;
+    bytes[bytesLength - 1] = (byte) 89;
+    output.writeRawVarint32(bytesLength);
+    output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
+
+    output.flush();
+
+    byte[] rawInput = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream inputStream = inputType.newDecoder(rawInput);
+
+      ByteBuffer result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 0, result.capacity());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 23, result.get());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 45, result.get());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), bytesLength, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 67, result.get());
+      result.position(bytesLength - 1);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 89, result.get());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testReadByteBufferAliasing() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(byteArrayStream);
+    // Zero-sized bytes field.
+    output.writeRawVarint32(0);
+    // One one-byte bytes field
+    output.writeRawVarint32(1);
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 23});
+    // Another one-byte bytes field
+    output.writeRawVarint32(1);
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 45});
+    // A bytes field large enough that won't fit into the 4K buffer.
+    final int bytesLength = 16 * 1024;
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesLength];
+    bytes[0] = (byte) 67;
+    bytes[bytesLength - 1] = (byte) 89;
+    output.writeRawVarint32(bytesLength);
+    output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
+    output.flush();
+
+    byte[] data = byteArrayStream.toByteArray();
+
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      if (inputType == InputType.STREAM
+          || inputType == InputType.STREAM_ITER_DIRECT
+          || inputType == InputType.ITER_DIRECT) {
+        // Aliasing doesn't apply to stream-backed CIS.
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Without aliasing
+      CodedInputStream inputStream = inputType.newDecoder(data);
+      ByteBuffer result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 0, result.capacity());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertTrue(inputType.name(), result.array() != data);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 23, result.get());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertTrue(inputType.name(), result.array() != data);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 45, result.get());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertTrue(inputType.name(), result.array() != data);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), bytesLength, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 67, result.get());
+      result.position(bytesLength - 1);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 89, result.get());
+
+      // Enable aliasing
+      inputStream = inputType.newDecoder(data, data.length);
+      inputStream.enableAliasing(true);
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 0, result.capacity());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      if (result.hasArray()) {
+        assertTrue(inputType.name(), result.array() == data);
+      }
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 23, result.get());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      if (result.hasArray()) {
+        assertTrue(inputType.name(), result.array() == data);
+      }
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 45, result.get());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      if (result.hasArray()) {
+        assertTrue(inputType.name(), result.array() == data);
+      }
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), bytesLength, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 67, result.get());
+      result.position(bytesLength - 1);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 89, result.get());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testCompatibleTypes() throws Exception {
+    long data = 0x100000000L;
+    Int64Message message = Int64Message.newBuilder().setData(data).build();
+    byte[] serialized = message.toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream inputStream = inputType.newDecoder(serialized);
+
+      // Test int64(long) is compatible with bool(boolean)
+      BoolMessage msg2 = BoolMessage.parseFrom(inputStream);
+      assertTrue(msg2.getData());
+
+      // Test int64(long) is compatible with int32(int)
+      inputStream = inputType.newDecoder(serialized);
+      Int32Message msg3 = Int32Message.parseFrom(inputStream);
+      assertEquals((int) data, msg3.getData());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSkipInvalidVarint_FastPath() throws Exception {
+    // Fast path: We have >= 10 bytes available. Ensure we properly recognize a non-ending varint.
+    byte[] data = new byte[] {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0};
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      try {
+        CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data);
+        input.skipField(WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT));
+        fail(inputType.name() + ": Should have thrown an exception.");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        // Expected
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSkipInvalidVarint_SlowPath() throws Exception {
+    // Slow path: < 10 bytes available. Ensure we properly recognize a non-ending varint.
+    byte[] data = new byte[] {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1};
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      try {
+        CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data);
+        input.skipField(WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT));
+        fail(inputType.name() + ": Should have thrown an exception.");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        // Expected
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSkipPastEndOfByteArrayInput() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      CodedInputStream.newInstance(new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[100])).skipRawBytes(101);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Expected
+    }
+  }
+  
+  public void testMaliciousInputStream() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream codedOutputStream = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(outputStream);
+    codedOutputStream.writeByteArrayNoTag(new byte[] { 0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5 });
+    codedOutputStream.flush();
+    final List<byte[]> maliciousCapture = new ArrayList<>();
+    InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(outputStream.toByteArray()) {
+      @Override
+      public synchronized int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) {
+        maliciousCapture.add(b);
+        return super.read(b, off, len);
+      }
+    };
+    
+    // test ByteString
+    
+    CodedInputStream codedInputStream = CodedInputStream.newInstance(inputStream, 1);
+    ByteString byteString = codedInputStream.readBytes();
+    assertEquals(0x0, byteString.byteAt(0));
+    maliciousCapture.get(1)[0] = 0x9;
+    assertEquals(0x0, byteString.byteAt(0));
+    
+    // test ByteBuffer
+    
+    inputStream.reset();
+    maliciousCapture.clear();
+    codedInputStream = CodedInputStream.newInstance(inputStream, 1);
+    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = codedInputStream.readByteBuffer();
+    assertEquals(0x0, byteBuffer.get(0));
+    maliciousCapture.get(1)[0] = 0x9;
+    assertEquals(0x0, byteBuffer.get(0));
+    
+
+    // test byte[]
+    
+    inputStream.reset();
+    maliciousCapture.clear();
+    codedInputStream = CodedInputStream.newInstance(inputStream, 1);
+    byte[] byteArray = codedInputStream.readByteArray();
+    assertEquals(0x0, byteArray[0]);
+    maliciousCapture.get(1)[0] = 0x9;
+    assertEquals(0x9, byteArray[0]); // MODIFICATION! Should we fix?
+
+    // test rawBytes
+    
+    inputStream.reset();
+    maliciousCapture.clear();
+    codedInputStream = CodedInputStream.newInstance(inputStream, 1);
+    int length = codedInputStream.readRawVarint32();
+    byteArray = codedInputStream.readRawBytes(length);
+    assertEquals(0x0, byteArray[0]);
+    maliciousCapture.get(1)[0] = 0x9;
+    assertEquals(0x9, byteArray[0]); // MODIFICATION! Should we fix?
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStreamTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStreamTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8dc3e4ce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStreamTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,812 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream.OutOfSpaceException;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.SparseEnumMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestSparseEnum;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link CodedOutputStream}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class CodedOutputStreamTest extends TestCase {
+  private interface Coder {
+    CodedOutputStream stream();
+
+    byte[] toByteArray();
+
+    OutputType getOutputType();
+  }
+
+  private static final class OutputStreamCoder implements Coder {
+    private final CodedOutputStream stream;
+    private final ByteArrayOutputStream output;
+
+    OutputStreamCoder(int size) {
+      output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      stream = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(output, size);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CodedOutputStream stream() {
+      return stream;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] toByteArray() {
+      return output.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public OutputType getOutputType() {
+      return OutputType.STREAM;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static final class ArrayCoder implements Coder {
+    private final CodedOutputStream stream;
+    private final byte[] bytes;
+
+    ArrayCoder(int size) {
+      bytes = new byte[size];
+      stream = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(bytes);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CodedOutputStream stream() {
+      return stream;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] toByteArray() {
+      return Arrays.copyOf(bytes, stream.getTotalBytesWritten());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public OutputType getOutputType() {
+      return OutputType.ARRAY;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static final class NioHeapCoder implements Coder {
+    private final CodedOutputStream stream;
+    private final ByteBuffer buffer;
+    private final int initialPosition;
+
+    NioHeapCoder(int size) {
+      this(size, 0);
+    }
+
+    NioHeapCoder(int size, int initialPosition) {
+      this.initialPosition = initialPosition;
+      buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(size);
+      buffer.position(initialPosition);
+      stream = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(buffer);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CodedOutputStream stream() {
+      return stream;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] toByteArray() {
+      ByteBuffer dup = buffer.duplicate();
+      dup.position(initialPosition);
+      dup.limit(buffer.position());
+
+      byte[] bytes = new byte[dup.remaining()];
+      dup.get(bytes);
+      return bytes;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public OutputType getOutputType() {
+      return OutputType.NIO_HEAP;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static final class NioDirectCoder implements Coder {
+    private final int initialPosition;
+    private final CodedOutputStream stream;
+    private final ByteBuffer buffer;
+    private final boolean unsafe;
+
+    NioDirectCoder(int size, boolean unsafe) {
+      this(size, 0, unsafe);
+    }
+
+    NioDirectCoder(int size, int initialPosition, boolean unsafe) {
+      this.unsafe = unsafe;
+      this.initialPosition = initialPosition;
+      buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(size);
+      buffer.position(initialPosition);
+      stream =
+          unsafe
+              ? CodedOutputStream.newUnsafeInstance(buffer)
+              : CodedOutputStream.newSafeInstance(buffer);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CodedOutputStream stream() {
+      return stream;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] toByteArray() {
+      ByteBuffer dup = buffer.duplicate();
+      dup.position(initialPosition);
+      dup.limit(buffer.position());
+
+      byte[] bytes = new byte[dup.remaining()];
+      dup.get(bytes);
+      return bytes;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public OutputType getOutputType() {
+      return unsafe ? OutputType.NIO_DIRECT_SAFE : OutputType.NIO_DIRECT_UNSAFE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private enum OutputType {
+    ARRAY() {
+      @Override
+      Coder newCoder(int size) {
+        return new ArrayCoder(size);
+      }
+    },
+    NIO_HEAP() {
+      @Override
+      Coder newCoder(int size) {
+        return new NioHeapCoder(size);
+      }
+    },
+    NIO_DIRECT_SAFE() {
+      @Override
+      Coder newCoder(int size) {
+        return new NioDirectCoder(size, false);
+      }
+    },
+    NIO_DIRECT_UNSAFE() {
+      @Override
+      Coder newCoder(int size) {
+        return new NioDirectCoder(size, true);
+      }
+    },
+    STREAM() {
+      @Override
+      Coder newCoder(int size) {
+        return new OutputStreamCoder(size);
+      }
+    };
+
+    abstract Coder newCoder(int size);
+  }
+
+  /** Checks that invariants are maintained for varint round trip input and output. */
+  public void testVarintRoundTrips() throws Exception {
+    for (OutputType outputType : OutputType.values()) {
+      assertVarintRoundTrip(outputType, 0L);
+      for (int bits = 0; bits < 64; bits++) {
+        long value = 1L << bits;
+        assertVarintRoundTrip(outputType, value);
+        assertVarintRoundTrip(outputType, value + 1);
+        assertVarintRoundTrip(outputType, value - 1);
+        assertVarintRoundTrip(outputType, -value);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Tests writeRawVarint32() and writeRawVarint64(). */
+  public void testWriteVarint() throws Exception {
+    assertWriteVarint(bytes(0x00), 0);
+    assertWriteVarint(bytes(0x01), 1);
+    assertWriteVarint(bytes(0x7f), 127);
+    // 14882
+    assertWriteVarint(bytes(0xa2, 0x74), (0x22 << 0) | (0x74 << 7));
+    // 2961488830
+    assertWriteVarint(
+        bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b),
+        (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) | (0x0bL << 28));
+
+    // 64-bit
+    // 7256456126
+    assertWriteVarint(
+        bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b),
+        (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) | (0x1bL << 28));
+    // 41256202580718336
+    assertWriteVarint(
+        bytes(0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49),
+        (0x00 << 0)
+            | (0x66 << 7)
+            | (0x6b << 14)
+            | (0x1c << 21)
+            | (0x43L << 28)
+            | (0x49L << 35)
+            | (0x24L << 42)
+            | (0x49L << 49));
+    // 11964378330978735131
+    assertWriteVarint(
+        bytes(0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85, 0xa6, 0x01),
+        (0x1b << 0)
+            | (0x28 << 7)
+            | (0x79 << 14)
+            | (0x42 << 21)
+            | (0x3bL << 28)
+            | (0x56L << 35)
+            | (0x00L << 42)
+            | (0x05L << 49)
+            | (0x26L << 56)
+            | (0x01L << 63));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests writeRawLittleEndian32() and writeRawLittleEndian64(). */
+  public void testWriteLittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertWriteLittleEndian32(bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12), 0x12345678);
+    assertWriteLittleEndian32(bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a), 0x9abcdef0);
+
+    assertWriteLittleEndian64(
+        bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12), 0x123456789abcdef0L);
+    assertWriteLittleEndian64(
+        bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a), 0x9abcdef012345678L);
+  }
+
+  /** Test encodeZigZag32() and encodeZigZag64(). */
+  public void testEncodeZigZag() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(0));
+    assertEquals(1, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(-1));
+    assertEquals(2, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(1));
+    assertEquals(3, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(-2));
+    assertEquals(0x7FFFFFFE, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(0x3FFFFFFF));
+    assertEquals(0x7FFFFFFF, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(0xC0000000));
+    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFE, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFF));
+    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFF, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(0x80000000));
+
+    assertEquals(0, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(0));
+    assertEquals(1, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(-1));
+    assertEquals(2, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(1));
+    assertEquals(3, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(-2));
+    assertEquals(0x000000007FFFFFFEL, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(0x000000003FFFFFFFL));
+    assertEquals(0x000000007FFFFFFFL, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFC0000000L));
+    assertEquals(0x00000000FFFFFFFEL, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFFL));
+    assertEquals(0x00000000FFFFFFFFL, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFF80000000L));
+    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEL, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL));
+    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(0x8000000000000000L));
+
+    // Some easier-to-verify round-trip tests.  The inputs (other than 0, 1, -1)
+    // were chosen semi-randomly via keyboard bashing.
+    assertEquals(0, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0)));
+    assertEquals(1, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(1)));
+    assertEquals(-1, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(-1)));
+    assertEquals(14927, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(14927)));
+    assertEquals(-3612, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag32(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(-3612)));
+
+    assertEquals(0, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0)));
+    assertEquals(1, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(1)));
+    assertEquals(-1, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(-1)));
+    assertEquals(14927, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(14927)));
+    assertEquals(-3612, CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(-3612)));
+
+    assertEquals(
+        856912304801416L,
+        CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(856912304801416L)));
+    assertEquals(
+        -75123905439571256L,
+        CodedOutputStream.encodeZigZag64(CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(-75123905439571256L)));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests writing a whole message with every field type. */
+  public void testWriteWholeMessage() throws Exception {
+    final byte[] expectedBytes = TestUtil.getGoldenMessage().toByteArray();
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+
+    for (OutputType outputType : OutputType.values()) {
+      Coder coder = outputType.newCoder(message.getSerializedSize());
+      message.writeTo(coder.stream());
+      coder.stream().flush();
+      byte[] rawBytes = coder.toByteArray();
+      assertEqualBytes(outputType, expectedBytes, rawBytes);
+    }
+
+    // Try different block sizes.
+    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize < 256; blockSize *= 2) {
+      Coder coder = OutputType.STREAM.newCoder(blockSize);
+      message.writeTo(coder.stream());
+      coder.stream().flush();
+      assertEqualBytes(OutputType.STREAM, expectedBytes, coder.toByteArray());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests writing a whole message with every packed field type. Ensures the wire format of packed
+   * fields is compatible with C++.
+   */
+  public void testWriteWholePackedFieldsMessage() throws Exception {
+    byte[] expectedBytes = TestUtil.getGoldenPackedFieldsMessage().toByteArray();
+    TestPackedTypes message = TestUtil.getPackedSet();
+
+    for (OutputType outputType : OutputType.values()) {
+      Coder coder = outputType.newCoder(message.getSerializedSize());
+      message.writeTo(coder.stream());
+      coder.stream().flush();
+      byte[] rawBytes = coder.toByteArray();
+      assertEqualBytes(outputType, expectedBytes, rawBytes);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test writing a message containing a negative enum value. This used to fail because the size was
+   * not properly computed as a sign-extended varint.
+   */
+  public void testWriteMessageWithNegativeEnumValue() throws Exception {
+    SparseEnumMessage message =
+        SparseEnumMessage.newBuilder().setSparseEnum(TestSparseEnum.SPARSE_E).build();
+    assertTrue(message.getSparseEnum().getNumber() < 0);
+    for (OutputType outputType : OutputType.values()) {
+      Coder coder = outputType.newCoder(message.getSerializedSize());
+      message.writeTo(coder.stream());
+      coder.stream().flush();
+      byte[] rawBytes = coder.toByteArray();
+      SparseEnumMessage message2 = SparseEnumMessage.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+      assertEquals(TestSparseEnum.SPARSE_E, message2.getSparseEnum());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Test getTotalBytesWritten() */
+  public void testGetTotalBytesWritten() throws Exception {
+    Coder coder = OutputType.STREAM.newCoder(4 * 1024);
+
+    // Write some some bytes (more than the buffer can hold) and verify that totalWritten
+    // is correct.
+    byte[] value = "abcde".getBytes(Internal.UTF_8);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 1024; ++i) {
+      coder.stream().writeRawBytes(value, 0, value.length);
+    }
+    assertEquals(value.length * 1024, coder.stream().getTotalBytesWritten());
+
+    // Now write an encoded string.
+    String string =
+        "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+    // Ensure we take the slower fast path.
+    assertTrue(
+        CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(string.length())
+            != CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(string.length() * Utf8.MAX_BYTES_PER_CHAR));
+
+    coder.stream().writeStringNoTag(string);
+    coder.stream().flush();
+    int stringSize = CodedOutputStream.computeStringSizeNoTag(string);
+
+    // Verify that the total bytes written is correct
+    assertEquals((value.length * 1024) + stringSize, coder.stream().getTotalBytesWritten());
+  }
+
+  // TODO(dweis): Write a comprehensive test suite for CodedOutputStream that covers more than just
+  //    this case.
+  public void testWriteStringNoTag_fastpath() throws Exception {
+    int bufferSize = 153;
+    String threeBytesPer = "\u0981";
+    String string = threeBytesPer;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
+      string += threeBytesPer;
+    }
+    // These checks ensure we will tickle the slower fast path.
+    assertEquals(1, CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(string.length()));
+    assertEquals(
+        2, CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(string.length() * Utf8.MAX_BYTES_PER_CHAR));
+    assertEquals(bufferSize, string.length() * Utf8.MAX_BYTES_PER_CHAR);
+
+    for (OutputType outputType : OutputType.values()) {
+      Coder coder = outputType.newCoder(bufferSize + 2);
+      coder.stream().writeStringNoTag(string);
+      coder.stream().flush();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testWriteToByteBuffer() throws Exception {
+    final int bufferSize = 16 * 1024;
+    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bufferSize);
+    CodedOutputStream codedStream = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(buffer);
+    // Write raw bytes into the ByteBuffer.
+    final int length1 = 5000;
+    for (int i = 0; i < length1; i++) {
+      codedStream.writeRawByte((byte) 1);
+    }
+    final int length2 = 8 * 1024;
+    byte[] data = new byte[length2];
+    Arrays.fill(data, 0, length2, (byte) 2);
+    codedStream.writeRawBytes(data);
+    final int length3 = bufferSize - length1 - length2;
+    for (int i = 0; i < length3; i++) {
+      codedStream.writeRawByte((byte) 3);
+    }
+    codedStream.flush();
+
+    // Check that data is correctly written to the ByteBuffer.
+    assertEquals(0, buffer.remaining());
+    buffer.flip();
+    for (int i = 0; i < length1; i++) {
+      assertEquals((byte) 1, buffer.get());
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < length2; i++) {
+      assertEquals((byte) 2, buffer.get());
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < length3; i++) {
+      assertEquals((byte) 3, buffer.get());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testWriteByteBuffer() throws Exception {
+    byte[] value = "abcde".getBytes(Internal.UTF_8);
+    ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream codedStream = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(outputStream);
+    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(value, 0, 1);
+    // This will actually write 5 bytes into the CodedOutputStream as the
+    // ByteBuffer's capacity() is 5.
+    codedStream.writeRawBytes(byteBuffer);
+    // The above call shouldn't affect the ByteBuffer's state.
+    assertEquals(0, byteBuffer.position());
+    assertEquals(1, byteBuffer.limit());
+
+    // The correct way to write part of an array using ByteBuffer.
+    codedStream.writeRawBytes(ByteBuffer.wrap(value, 2, 1).slice());
+
+    codedStream.flush();
+    byte[] result = outputStream.toByteArray();
+    assertEquals(6, result.length);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+      assertEquals(value[i], result[i]);
+    }
+    assertEquals(value[2], result[5]);
+  }
+
+  public void testWriteByteArrayWithOffsets() throws Exception {
+    byte[] fullArray = bytes(0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88);
+    for (OutputType type : new OutputType[] {OutputType.ARRAY}) {
+      Coder coder = type.newCoder(4);
+      coder.stream().writeByteArrayNoTag(fullArray, 2, 2);
+      assertEqualBytes(type, bytes(0x02, 0x33, 0x44), coder.toByteArray());
+      assertEquals(3, coder.stream().getTotalBytesWritten());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeUtf8_MultipleSmallWrites() throws Exception {
+    final String source = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+
+    // Generate the expected output if the source string is written 2 bytes at a time.
+    ByteArrayOutputStream expectedBytesStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    for (int pos = 0; pos < source.length(); pos += 2) {
+      String substr = source.substring(pos, pos + 2);
+      expectedBytesStream.write(2);
+      expectedBytesStream.write(substr.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8));
+    }
+    final byte[] expectedBytes = expectedBytesStream.toByteArray();
+
+    // For each output type, write the source string 2 bytes at a time and verify the output.
+    for (OutputType outputType : OutputType.values()) {
+      Coder coder = outputType.newCoder(expectedBytes.length);
+      for (int pos = 0; pos < source.length(); pos += 2) {
+        String substr = source.substring(pos, pos + 2);
+        coder.stream().writeStringNoTag(substr);
+      }
+      coder.stream().flush();
+      assertEqualBytes(outputType, expectedBytes, coder.toByteArray());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeInvalidUtf8() throws Exception {
+    String[] invalidStrings =
+        new String[] {
+          newString(Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE),
+          "foobar" + newString(Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE),
+          newString(Character.MIN_LOW_SURROGATE),
+          "foobar" + newString(Character.MIN_LOW_SURROGATE),
+          newString(Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE, Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE)
+        };
+
+    CodedOutputStream outputWithStream = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+    CodedOutputStream outputWithArray = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(new byte[10000]);
+    CodedOutputStream outputWithByteBuffer =
+        CodedOutputStream.newInstance(ByteBuffer.allocate(10000));
+    for (String s : invalidStrings) {
+      // TODO(dweis): These should all fail; instead they are corrupting data.
+      CodedOutputStream.computeStringSizeNoTag(s);
+      outputWithStream.writeStringNoTag(s);
+      outputWithArray.writeStringNoTag(s);
+      outputWithByteBuffer.writeStringNoTag(s);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // TODO(nathanmittler): This test can be deleted once we properly throw IOException while
+  // encoding invalid UTF-8 strings.
+  public void testSerializeInvalidUtf8FollowedByOutOfSpace() throws Exception {
+    final int notEnoughBytes = 4;
+    CodedOutputStream outputWithArray = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(new byte[notEnoughBytes]);
+    CodedOutputStream outputWithByteBuffer =
+        CodedOutputStream.newInstance(ByteBuffer.allocate(notEnoughBytes));
+
+    String invalidString = newString(Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE, 'f', 'o', 'o', 'b', 'a', 'r');
+    try {
+      outputWithArray.writeStringNoTag(invalidString);
+      fail("Expected OutOfSpaceException");
+    } catch (OutOfSpaceException e) {
+      assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof IndexOutOfBoundsException);
+    }
+    try {
+      outputWithByteBuffer.writeStringNoTag(invalidString);
+      fail("Expected OutOfSpaceException");
+    } catch (OutOfSpaceException e) {
+      assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof IndexOutOfBoundsException);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Regression test for https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/292 */
+  public void testCorrectExceptionThrowWhenEncodingStringsWithoutEnoughSpace() throws Exception {
+    String testCase = "Foooooooo";
+    assertEquals(
+        CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(testCase.length()),
+        CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(testCase.length() * 3));
+    assertEquals(11, CodedOutputStream.computeStringSize(1, testCase));
+    // Tag is one byte, varint describing string length is 1 byte, string length is 9 bytes.
+    // An array of size 1 will cause a failure when trying to write the varint.
+    for (OutputType outputType :
+        new OutputType[] {
+          OutputType.ARRAY,
+          OutputType.NIO_HEAP,
+          OutputType.NIO_DIRECT_SAFE,
+          OutputType.NIO_DIRECT_UNSAFE
+        }) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
+        Coder coder = outputType.newCoder(i);
+        try {
+          coder.stream().writeString(1, testCase);
+          fail("Should have thrown an out of space exception");
+        } catch (CodedOutputStream.OutOfSpaceException expected) {
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testDifferentStringLengths() throws Exception {
+    // Test string serialization roundtrip using strings of the following lengths,
+    // with ASCII and Unicode characters requiring different UTF-8 byte counts per
+    // char, hence causing the length delimiter varint to sometimes require more
+    // bytes for the Unicode strings than the ASCII string of the same length.
+    int[] lengths =
+        new int[] {
+          0,
+          1,
+          (1 << 4) - 1, // 1 byte for ASCII and Unicode
+          (1 << 7) - 1, // 1 byte for ASCII, 2 bytes for Unicode
+          (1 << 11) - 1, // 2 bytes for ASCII and Unicode
+          (1 << 14) - 1, // 2 bytes for ASCII, 3 bytes for Unicode
+          (1 << 17) - 1,
+          // 3 bytes for ASCII and Unicode
+        };
+    for (OutputType outputType : OutputType.values()) {
+      for (int i : lengths) {
+        testEncodingOfString(outputType, 'q', i); // 1 byte per char
+        testEncodingOfString(outputType, '\u07FF', i); // 2 bytes per char
+        testEncodingOfString(outputType, '\u0981', i); // 3 bytes per char
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testNioEncodersWithInitialOffsets() throws Exception {
+    String value = "abc";
+    for (Coder coder :
+        new Coder[] {
+          new NioHeapCoder(10, 2), new NioDirectCoder(10, 2, false), new NioDirectCoder(10, 2, true)
+        }) {
+      coder.stream().writeStringNoTag(value);
+      coder.stream().flush();
+      assertEqualBytes(coder.getOutputType(), new byte[] {3, 'a', 'b', 'c'}, coder.toByteArray());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses the given bytes using writeRawLittleEndian32() and checks that the result matches the
+   * given value.
+   */
+  private static void assertWriteLittleEndian32(byte[] data, int value) throws Exception {
+    for (OutputType outputType : OutputType.values()) {
+      Coder coder = outputType.newCoder(data.length);
+      coder.stream().writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+      coder.stream().flush();
+      assertEqualBytes(outputType, data, coder.toByteArray());
+    }
+
+    // Try different block sizes.
+    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+      Coder coder = OutputType.STREAM.newCoder(blockSize);
+      coder.stream().writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+      coder.stream().flush();
+      assertEqualBytes(OutputType.STREAM, data, coder.toByteArray());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses the given bytes using writeRawLittleEndian64() and checks that the result matches the
+   * given value.
+   */
+  private static void assertWriteLittleEndian64(byte[] data, long value) throws Exception {
+    for (OutputType outputType : OutputType.values()) {
+      Coder coder = outputType.newCoder(data.length);
+      coder.stream().writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+      coder.stream().flush();
+      assertEqualBytes(outputType, data, coder.toByteArray());
+    }
+
+    // Try different block sizes.
+    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+      Coder coder = OutputType.STREAM.newCoder(blockSize);
+      coder.stream().writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+      coder.stream().flush();
+      assertEqualBytes(OutputType.STREAM, data, coder.toByteArray());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static String newString(char... chars) {
+    return new String(chars);
+  }
+
+  private static void testEncodingOfString(OutputType outputType, char c, int length)
+      throws Exception {
+    String fullString = fullString(c, length);
+    TestAllTypes testAllTypes = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalString(fullString).build();
+    Coder coder = outputType.newCoder(testAllTypes.getSerializedSize());
+    testAllTypes.writeTo(coder.stream());
+    coder.stream().flush();
+    assertEquals(
+        "OuputType: " + outputType,
+        fullString,
+        TestAllTypes.parseFrom(coder.toByteArray()).getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  private static String fullString(char c, int length) {
+    char[] result = new char[length];
+    Arrays.fill(result, c);
+    return new String(result);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper to construct a byte array from a bunch of bytes. The inputs are actually ints so that I
+   * can use hex notation and not get stupid errors about precision.
+   */
+  private static byte[] bytes(int... bytesAsInts) {
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesAsInts.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytesAsInts.length; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = (byte) bytesAsInts[i];
+    }
+    return bytes;
+  }
+
+  /** Arrays.asList() does not work with arrays of primitives. :( */
+  private static List<Byte> toList(byte[] bytes) {
+    List<Byte> result = new ArrayList<Byte>();
+    for (byte b : bytes) {
+      result.add(b);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private static void assertEqualBytes(OutputType outputType, byte[] a, byte[] b) {
+    assertEquals(outputType.name(), toList(a), toList(b));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Writes the given value using writeRawVarint32() and writeRawVarint64() and checks that the
+   * result matches the given bytes.
+   */
+  private static void assertWriteVarint(byte[] data, long value) throws Exception {
+    for (OutputType outputType : OutputType.values()) {
+      // Only test 32-bit write if the value fits into an int.
+      if (value == (int) value) {
+        Coder coder = outputType.newCoder(10);
+        coder.stream().writeUInt32NoTag((int) value);
+        coder.stream().flush();
+        assertEqualBytes(outputType, data, coder.toByteArray());
+
+        // Also try computing size.
+        assertEquals(data.length, CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag((int) value));
+      }
+
+      {
+        Coder coder = outputType.newCoder(10);
+        coder.stream().writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+        coder.stream().flush();
+        assertEqualBytes(outputType, data, coder.toByteArray());
+
+        // Also try computing size.
+        assertEquals(data.length, CodedOutputStream.computeUInt64SizeNoTag(value));
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Try different block sizes.
+    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+      // Only test 32-bit write if the value fits into an int.
+      if (value == (int) value) {
+        Coder coder = OutputType.STREAM.newCoder(blockSize);
+        coder.stream().writeUInt64NoTag((int) value);
+        coder.stream().flush();
+        assertEqualBytes(OutputType.STREAM, data, coder.toByteArray());
+
+        ByteArrayOutputStream rawOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(rawOutput, blockSize);
+        output.writeUInt32NoTag((int) value);
+        output.flush();
+        assertEqualBytes(OutputType.STREAM, data, rawOutput.toByteArray());
+      }
+
+      {
+        Coder coder = OutputType.STREAM.newCoder(blockSize);
+        coder.stream().writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+        coder.stream().flush();
+        assertEqualBytes(OutputType.STREAM, data, coder.toByteArray());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void assertVarintRoundTrip(OutputType outputType, long value) throws Exception {
+    {
+      Coder coder = outputType.newCoder(10);
+      coder.stream().writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+      coder.stream().flush();
+      byte[] bytes = coder.toByteArray();
+      assertEquals(
+          outputType.name(), bytes.length, CodedOutputStream.computeUInt64SizeNoTag(value));
+      CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
+      assertEquals(outputType.name(), value, input.readRawVarint64());
+    }
+
+    if (value == (int) value) {
+      Coder coder = outputType.newCoder(10);
+      coder.stream().writeUInt32NoTag((int) value);
+      coder.stream().flush();
+      byte[] bytes = coder.toByteArray();
+      assertEquals(
+          outputType.name(), bytes.length, CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag((int) value));
+      CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
+      assertEquals(outputType.name(), value, input.readRawVarint32());
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DecodeUtf8Test.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DecodeUtf8Test.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..359d4d74c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DecodeUtf8Test.java
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Utf8.Processor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Utf8.SafeProcessor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Utf8.UnsafeProcessor;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+public class DecodeUtf8Test extends TestCase {
+  private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(DecodeUtf8Test.class.getName());
+
+  private static final Processor SAFE_PROCESSOR = new SafeProcessor();
+  private static final Processor UNSAFE_PROCESSOR = new UnsafeProcessor();
+
+  public void testRoundTripAllValidChars() throws Exception {
+    for (int i = Character.MIN_CODE_POINT; i < Character.MAX_CODE_POINT; i++) {
+      if (i < Character.MIN_SURROGATE || i > Character.MAX_SURROGATE) {
+        String str = new String(Character.toChars(i));
+        assertRoundTrips(str);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Test all 1, 2, 3 invalid byte combinations. Valid ones would have been covered above.
+
+  public void testOneByte() throws Exception {
+    int valid = 0;
+    for (int i = Byte.MIN_VALUE; i <= Byte.MAX_VALUE; i++) {
+      ByteString bs = ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] { (byte) i });
+      if (!bs.isValidUtf8()) {
+        assertInvalid(bs.toByteArray());
+      } else {
+        valid++;
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(IsValidUtf8TestUtil.EXPECTED_ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT, valid);
+  }
+
+  public void testTwoBytes() throws Exception {
+    int valid = 0;
+    for (int i = Byte.MIN_VALUE; i <= Byte.MAX_VALUE; i++) {
+      for (int j = Byte.MIN_VALUE; j <= Byte.MAX_VALUE; j++) {
+        ByteString bs = ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[]{(byte) i, (byte) j});
+        if (!bs.isValidUtf8()) {
+          assertInvalid(bs.toByteArray());
+        } else {
+          valid++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(IsValidUtf8TestUtil.EXPECTED_TWO_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT, valid);
+  }
+
+  public void testThreeBytes() throws Exception {
+    // Travis' OOM killer doesn't like this test
+    if (System.getenv("TRAVIS") == null) {
+      int count = 0;
+      int valid = 0;
+      for (int i = Byte.MIN_VALUE; i <= Byte.MAX_VALUE; i++) {
+        for (int j = Byte.MIN_VALUE; j <= Byte.MAX_VALUE; j++) {
+          for (int k = Byte.MIN_VALUE; k <= Byte.MAX_VALUE; k++) {
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[]{(byte) i, (byte) j, (byte) k};
+            ByteString bs = ByteString.copyFrom(bytes);
+            if (!bs.isValidUtf8()) {
+              assertInvalid(bytes);
+            } else {
+              valid++;
+            }
+            count++;
+            if (count % 1000000L == 0) {
+              logger.info("Processed " + (count / 1000000L) + " million characters");
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      assertEquals(IsValidUtf8TestUtil.EXPECTED_THREE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT, valid);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that round tripping of a sample of four byte permutations work.
+   */
+  public void testInvalid_4BytesSamples() throws Exception {
+    // Bad trailing bytes
+    assertInvalid(0xF0, 0xA4, 0xAD, 0x7F);
+    assertInvalid(0xF0, 0xA4, 0xAD, 0xC0);
+
+    // Special cases for byte2
+    assertInvalid(0xF0, 0x8F, 0xAD, 0xA2);
+    assertInvalid(0xF4, 0x90, 0xAD, 0xA2);
+  }
+
+  public void testRealStrings() throws Exception {
+    // English
+    assertRoundTrips("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog");
+    // German
+    assertRoundTrips("Quizdeltagerne spiste jordb\u00e6r med fl\u00f8de, mens cirkusklovnen");
+    // Japanese
+    assertRoundTrips(
+        "\u3044\u308d\u306f\u306b\u307b\u3078\u3068\u3061\u308a\u306c\u308b\u3092");
+    // Hebrew
+    assertRoundTrips(
+        "\u05d3\u05d2 \u05e1\u05e7\u05e8\u05df \u05e9\u05d8 \u05d1\u05d9\u05dd "
+            + "\u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05d6\u05d1 \u05d5\u05dc\u05e4\u05ea\u05e2"
+            + " \u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d5 \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 "
+            + "\u05d0\u05d9\u05da \u05d4\u05e7\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d4");
+    // Thai
+    assertRoundTrips(
+        " \u0e08\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e12"
+            + "\u0e19\u0e32\u0e27\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23");
+    // Chinese
+    assertRoundTrips(
+        "\u8fd4\u56de\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u9879\u9009\u62e9\u5668");
+    // Chinese with 4-byte chars
+    assertRoundTrips("\uD841\uDF0E\uD841\uDF31\uD841\uDF79\uD843\uDC53\uD843\uDC78"
+        + "\uD843\uDC96\uD843\uDCCF\uD843\uDCD5\uD843\uDD15\uD843\uDD7C\uD843\uDD7F"
+        + "\uD843\uDE0E\uD843\uDE0F\uD843\uDE77\uD843\uDE9D\uD843\uDEA2");
+    // Mixed
+    assertRoundTrips(
+        "The quick brown \u3044\u308d\u306f\u306b\u307b\u3078\u8fd4\u56de\u94fe"
+            + "\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00");
+  }
+
+  public void testOverlong() throws Exception {
+    assertInvalid(0xc0, 0xaf);
+    assertInvalid(0xe0, 0x80, 0xaf);
+    assertInvalid(0xf0, 0x80, 0x80, 0xaf);
+
+    // Max overlong
+    assertInvalid(0xc1, 0xbf);
+    assertInvalid(0xe0, 0x9f, 0xbf);
+    assertInvalid(0xf0 ,0x8f, 0xbf, 0xbf);
+
+    // null overlong
+    assertInvalid(0xc0, 0x80);
+    assertInvalid(0xe0, 0x80, 0x80);
+    assertInvalid(0xf0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80);
+  }
+
+  public void testIllegalCodepoints() throws Exception {
+    // Single surrogate
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xa0, 0x80);
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xad, 0xbf);
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xae, 0x80);
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xaf, 0xbf);
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xb0, 0x80);
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xbe, 0x80);
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xbf, 0xbf);
+
+    // Paired surrogates
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xa0, 0x80, 0xed, 0xb0, 0x80);
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xa0, 0x80, 0xed, 0xbf, 0xbf);
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xad, 0xbf, 0xed, 0xb0, 0x80);
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xad, 0xbf, 0xed, 0xbf, 0xbf);
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xae, 0x80, 0xed, 0xb0, 0x80);
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xae, 0x80, 0xed, 0xbf, 0xbf);
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xaf, 0xbf, 0xed, 0xb0, 0x80);
+    assertInvalid(0xed, 0xaf, 0xbf, 0xed, 0xbf, 0xbf);
+  }
+
+  public void testBufferSlice() throws Exception {
+    String str = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
+    assertRoundTrips(str, 10, 4);
+    assertRoundTrips(str, str.length(), 0);
+  }
+
+  public void testInvalidBufferSlice() throws Exception {
+    byte[] bytes  = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog".getBytes(Internal.UTF_8);
+    assertInvalidSlice(bytes, bytes.length - 3, 4);
+    assertInvalidSlice(bytes, bytes.length, 1);
+    assertInvalidSlice(bytes, bytes.length + 1, 0);
+    assertInvalidSlice(bytes, 0, bytes.length + 1);
+  }
+
+  private void assertInvalid(int... bytesAsInt) throws Exception {
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesAsInt.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytesAsInt.length; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = (byte) bytesAsInt[i];
+    }
+    assertInvalid(bytes);
+  }
+
+  private void assertInvalid(byte[] bytes) throws Exception {
+    try {
+      UNSAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+    try {
+      SAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    ByteBuffer direct = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(bytes.length);
+    direct.put(bytes);
+    direct.flip();
+    try {
+      UNSAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(direct, 0, bytes.length);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+    try {
+      SAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(direct, 0, bytes.length);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    ByteBuffer heap = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
+    heap.put(bytes);
+    heap.flip();
+    try {
+      UNSAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(heap, 0, bytes.length);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+    try {
+      SAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(heap, 0, bytes.length);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertInvalidSlice(byte[] bytes, int index, int size) throws Exception {
+    try {
+      UNSAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(bytes, index, size);
+      fail();
+    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+    try {
+      SAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(bytes, index, size);
+      fail();
+    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    ByteBuffer direct = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(bytes.length);
+    direct.put(bytes);
+    direct.flip();
+    try {
+      UNSAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(direct, index, size);
+      fail();
+    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+    try {
+      SAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(direct, index, size);
+      fail();
+    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    ByteBuffer heap = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
+    heap.put(bytes);
+    heap.flip();
+    try {
+      UNSAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(heap, index, size);
+      fail();
+    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+    try {
+      SAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(heap, index, size);
+      fail();
+    } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertRoundTrips(String str) throws Exception {
+    assertRoundTrips(str, 0, -1);
+  }
+
+  private void assertRoundTrips(String str, int index, int size) throws Exception {
+    byte[] bytes = str.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8);
+    if (size == -1) {
+      size = bytes.length;
+    }
+    assertDecode(new String(bytes, index, size, Internal.UTF_8),
+        UNSAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(bytes, index, size));
+    assertDecode(new String(bytes, index, size, Internal.UTF_8),
+        SAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(bytes, index, size));
+
+    ByteBuffer direct = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(bytes.length);
+    direct.put(bytes);
+    direct.flip();
+    assertDecode(new String(bytes, index, size, Internal.UTF_8),
+        UNSAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(direct, index, size));
+    assertDecode(new String(bytes, index, size, Internal.UTF_8),
+        SAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(direct, index, size));
+
+    ByteBuffer heap = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
+    heap.put(bytes);
+    heap.flip();
+    assertDecode(new String(bytes, index, size, Internal.UTF_8),
+        UNSAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(heap, index, size));
+    assertDecode(new String(bytes, index, size, Internal.UTF_8),
+        SAFE_PROCESSOR.decodeUtf8(heap, index, size));
+  }
+
+  private void assertDecode(String expected, String actual) {
+    if (!expected.equals(actual)) {
+      fail("Failure: Expected (" + codepoints(expected) + ") Actual (" + codepoints(actual) + ")");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private List<String> codepoints(String str) {
+    List<String> codepoints = new ArrayList<String>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
+      codepoints.add(Long.toHexString(str.charAt(i)));
+    }
+    return codepoints;
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DeprecatedFieldTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DeprecatedFieldTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2addde842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DeprecatedFieldTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestDeprecatedFields;
+import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Test field deprecation
+ *
+ * @author birdo@google.com (Roberto Scaramuzzi)
+ */
+public class DeprecatedFieldTest extends TestCase {
+  private String[] deprecatedGetterNames = {"hasDeprecatedInt32", "getDeprecatedInt32"};
+
+  private String[] deprecatedBuilderGetterNames = {
+    "hasDeprecatedInt32", "getDeprecatedInt32", "clearDeprecatedInt32"
+  };
+
+  private String[] deprecatedBuilderSetterNames = {"setDeprecatedInt32"};
+
+  public void testDeprecatedField() throws Exception {
+    Class<?> deprecatedFields = TestDeprecatedFields.class;
+    Class<?> deprecatedFieldsBuilder = TestDeprecatedFields.Builder.class;
+    for (String name : deprecatedGetterNames) {
+      Method method = deprecatedFields.getMethod(name);
+      assertTrue("Method " + name + " should be deprecated", isDeprecated(method));
+    }
+    for (String name : deprecatedBuilderGetterNames) {
+      Method method = deprecatedFieldsBuilder.getMethod(name);
+      assertTrue("Method " + name + " should be deprecated", isDeprecated(method));
+    }
+    for (String name : deprecatedBuilderSetterNames) {
+      Method method = deprecatedFieldsBuilder.getMethod(name, int.class);
+      assertTrue("Method " + name + " should be deprecated", isDeprecated(method));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testDeprecatedFieldInOneof() throws Exception {
+    Class<?> oneofCase = TestDeprecatedFields.OneofFieldsCase.class;
+    String name = "DEPRECATED_INT32_IN_ONEOF";
+    java.lang.reflect.Field enumValue = oneofCase.getField(name);
+    assertTrue("Enum value " + name + " should be deprecated.", isDeprecated(enumValue));
+  }
+
+  private boolean isDeprecated(AnnotatedElement annotated) {
+    return annotated.isAnnotationPresent(Deprecated.class);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DescriptorsTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DescriptorsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74d42c670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DescriptorsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,807 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertFalse;
+import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertTrue;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.NestedExtension;
+import protobuf_unittest.NonNestedExtension;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.DescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.EnumDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.EnumValueDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.FieldDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.FileDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.DescriptorValidationException;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.MethodDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.ServiceDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.test.UnittestImport;
+import com.google.protobuf.test.UnittestImport.ImportEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.test.UnittestImport.ImportEnumForMap;
+import protobuf_unittest.TestCustomOptions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestCustomOptions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignEnum;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestExtremeDefaultValues;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestJsonName;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestMultipleExtensionRanges;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestReservedFields;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestService;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link Descriptors}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class DescriptorsTest extends TestCase {
+
+  // Regression test for bug where referencing a FieldDescriptor.Type value
+  // before a FieldDescriptorProto.Type value would yield a
+  // ExceptionInInitializerError.
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+  private static final Object STATIC_INIT_TEST = FieldDescriptor.Type.BOOL;
+
+  public void testFieldTypeEnumMapping() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.Type.values().length, FieldDescriptorProto.Type.values().length);
+    for (FieldDescriptor.Type type : FieldDescriptor.Type.values()) {
+      FieldDescriptorProto.Type protoType = type.toProto();
+      assertEquals("TYPE_" + type.name(), protoType.name());
+      assertEquals(type, FieldDescriptor.Type.valueOf(protoType));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testFileDescriptor() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptor file = UnittestProto.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertEquals("google/protobuf/unittest.proto", file.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest", file.getPackage());
+
+    assertEquals("UnittestProto", file.getOptions().getJavaOuterClassname());
+    assertEquals("google/protobuf/unittest.proto", file.toProto().getName());
+
+    assertEquals(Arrays.asList(UnittestImport.getDescriptor()), file.getDependencies());
+
+    Descriptor messageType = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(messageType, file.getMessageTypes().get(0));
+    assertEquals(messageType, file.findMessageTypeByName("TestAllTypes"));
+    assertNull(file.findMessageTypeByName("NoSuchType"));
+    assertNull(file.findMessageTypeByName("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes"));
+    for (int i = 0; i < file.getMessageTypes().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, file.getMessageTypes().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+
+    EnumDescriptor enumType = ForeignEnum.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(enumType, file.getEnumTypes().get(0));
+    assertEquals(enumType, file.findEnumTypeByName("ForeignEnum"));
+    assertNull(file.findEnumTypeByName("NoSuchType"));
+    assertNull(file.findEnumTypeByName("protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum"));
+    assertEquals(
+        Arrays.asList(ImportEnum.getDescriptor(), ImportEnumForMap.getDescriptor()),
+        UnittestImport.getDescriptor().getEnumTypes());
+    for (int i = 0; i < file.getEnumTypes().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, file.getEnumTypes().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+
+    ServiceDescriptor service = TestService.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(service, file.getServices().get(0));
+    assertEquals(service, file.findServiceByName("TestService"));
+    assertNull(file.findServiceByName("NoSuchType"));
+    assertNull(file.findServiceByName("protobuf_unittest.TestService"));
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), UnittestImport.getDescriptor().getServices());
+    for (int i = 0; i < file.getServices().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, file.getServices().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+
+    FieldDescriptor extension = UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(extension, file.getExtensions().get(0));
+    assertEquals(extension, file.findExtensionByName("optional_int32_extension"));
+    assertNull(file.findExtensionByName("no_such_ext"));
+    assertNull(file.findExtensionByName("protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension"));
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), UnittestImport.getDescriptor().getExtensions());
+    for (int i = 0; i < file.getExtensions().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, file.getExtensions().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testDescriptor() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor messageType = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    Descriptor nestedType = TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertEquals("TestAllTypes", messageType.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes", messageType.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.getDescriptor(), messageType.getFile());
+    assertNull(messageType.getContainingType());
+    assertEquals(DescriptorProtos.MessageOptions.getDefaultInstance(), messageType.getOptions());
+    assertEquals("TestAllTypes", messageType.toProto().getName());
+
+    assertEquals("NestedMessage", nestedType.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage", nestedType.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.getDescriptor(), nestedType.getFile());
+    assertEquals(messageType, nestedType.getContainingType());
+
+    FieldDescriptor field = messageType.getFields().get(0);
+    assertEquals("optional_int32", field.getName());
+    assertEquals(field, messageType.findFieldByName("optional_int32"));
+    assertNull(messageType.findFieldByName("no_such_field"));
+    assertEquals(field, messageType.findFieldByNumber(1));
+    assertNull(messageType.findFieldByNumber(571283));
+    for (int i = 0; i < messageType.getFields().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, messageType.getFields().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(nestedType, messageType.getNestedTypes().get(0));
+    assertEquals(nestedType, messageType.findNestedTypeByName("NestedMessage"));
+    assertNull(messageType.findNestedTypeByName("NoSuchType"));
+    for (int i = 0; i < messageType.getNestedTypes().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, messageType.getNestedTypes().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+
+    EnumDescriptor enumType = TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(enumType, messageType.getEnumTypes().get(0));
+    assertEquals(enumType, messageType.findEnumTypeByName("NestedEnum"));
+    assertNull(messageType.findEnumTypeByName("NoSuchType"));
+    for (int i = 0; i < messageType.getEnumTypes().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, messageType.getEnumTypes().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testFieldDescriptor() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor messageType = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    FieldDescriptor primitiveField = messageType.findFieldByName("optional_int32");
+    FieldDescriptor enumField = messageType.findFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
+    FieldDescriptor messageField = messageType.findFieldByName("optional_foreign_message");
+    FieldDescriptor cordField = messageType.findFieldByName("optional_cord");
+    FieldDescriptor extension = UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension.getDescriptor();
+    FieldDescriptor nestedExtension = TestRequired.single.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertEquals("optional_int32", primitiveField.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.optional_int32", primitiveField.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(1, primitiveField.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(messageType, primitiveField.getContainingType());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.getDescriptor(), primitiveField.getFile());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.Type.INT32, primitiveField.getType());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.JavaType.INT, primitiveField.getJavaType());
+    assertEquals(DescriptorProtos.FieldOptions.getDefaultInstance(), primitiveField.getOptions());
+    assertFalse(primitiveField.isExtension());
+    assertEquals("optional_int32", primitiveField.toProto().getName());
+
+    assertEquals("optional_nested_enum", enumField.getName());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM, enumField.getType());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.JavaType.ENUM, enumField.getJavaType());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.getDescriptor(), enumField.getEnumType());
+
+    assertEquals("optional_foreign_message", messageField.getName());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE, messageField.getType());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE, messageField.getJavaType());
+    assertEquals(ForeignMessage.getDescriptor(), messageField.getMessageType());
+
+    assertEquals("optional_cord", cordField.getName());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.Type.STRING, cordField.getType());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.JavaType.STRING, cordField.getJavaType());
+    assertEquals(DescriptorProtos.FieldOptions.CType.CORD, cordField.getOptions().getCtype());
+
+    assertEquals("optional_int32_extension", extension.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension", extension.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(1, extension.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor(), extension.getContainingType());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.getDescriptor(), extension.getFile());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.Type.INT32, extension.getType());
+    assertEquals(FieldDescriptor.JavaType.INT, extension.getJavaType());
+    assertEquals(DescriptorProtos.FieldOptions.getDefaultInstance(), extension.getOptions());
+    assertTrue(extension.isExtension());
+    assertEquals(null, extension.getExtensionScope());
+    assertEquals("optional_int32_extension", extension.toProto().getName());
+
+    assertEquals("single", nestedExtension.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.TestRequired.single", nestedExtension.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(TestRequired.getDescriptor(), nestedExtension.getExtensionScope());
+  }
+
+  public void testFieldDescriptorLabel() throws Exception {
+    FieldDescriptor requiredField = TestRequired.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("a");
+    FieldDescriptor optionalField = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("optional_int32");
+    FieldDescriptor repeatedField = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("repeated_int32");
+
+    assertTrue(requiredField.isRequired());
+    assertFalse(requiredField.isRepeated());
+    assertFalse(optionalField.isRequired());
+    assertFalse(optionalField.isRepeated());
+    assertFalse(repeatedField.isRequired());
+    assertTrue(repeatedField.isRepeated());
+  }
+
+  public void testFieldDescriptorJsonName() throws Exception {
+    FieldDescriptor requiredField = TestRequired.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("a");
+    FieldDescriptor optionalField = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("optional_int32");
+    FieldDescriptor repeatedField = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("repeated_int32");
+    assertEquals("a", requiredField.getJsonName());
+    assertEquals("optionalInt32", optionalField.getJsonName());
+    assertEquals("repeatedInt32", repeatedField.getJsonName());
+  }
+
+  public void testFieldDescriptorDefault() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor d = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    assertFalse(d.findFieldByName("optional_int32").hasDefaultValue());
+    assertEquals(0, d.findFieldByName("optional_int32").getDefaultValue());
+    assertTrue(d.findFieldByName("default_int32").hasDefaultValue());
+    assertEquals(41, d.findFieldByName("default_int32").getDefaultValue());
+
+    d = TestExtremeDefaultValues.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(
+        ByteString.copyFrom("\0\001\007\b\f\n\r\t\013\\\'\"\u00fe".getBytes(Internal.ISO_8859_1)),
+        d.findFieldByName("escaped_bytes").getDefaultValue());
+    assertEquals(-1, d.findFieldByName("large_uint32").getDefaultValue());
+    assertEquals(-1L, d.findFieldByName("large_uint64").getDefaultValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testEnumDescriptor() throws Exception {
+    EnumDescriptor enumType = ForeignEnum.getDescriptor();
+    EnumDescriptor nestedType = TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertEquals("ForeignEnum", enumType.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum", enumType.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.getDescriptor(), enumType.getFile());
+    assertNull(enumType.getContainingType());
+    assertEquals(DescriptorProtos.EnumOptions.getDefaultInstance(), enumType.getOptions());
+
+    assertEquals("NestedEnum", nestedType.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum", nestedType.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.getDescriptor(), nestedType.getFile());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), nestedType.getContainingType());
+
+    EnumValueDescriptor value = ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO.getValueDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(value, enumType.getValues().get(0));
+    assertEquals("FOREIGN_FOO", value.getName());
+    assertEquals("FOREIGN_FOO", value.toString());
+    assertEquals(4, value.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(value, enumType.findValueByName("FOREIGN_FOO"));
+    assertEquals(value, enumType.findValueByNumber(4));
+    assertNull(enumType.findValueByName("NO_SUCH_VALUE"));
+    for (int i = 0; i < enumType.getValues().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, enumType.getValues().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testServiceDescriptor() throws Exception {
+    ServiceDescriptor service = TestService.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertEquals("TestService", service.getName());
+    assertEquals("protobuf_unittest.TestService", service.getFullName());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.getDescriptor(), service.getFile());
+
+
+    MethodDescriptor fooMethod = service.getMethods().get(0);
+    assertEquals("Foo", fooMethod.getName());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.FooRequest.getDescriptor(), fooMethod.getInputType());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.FooResponse.getDescriptor(), fooMethod.getOutputType());
+    assertEquals(fooMethod, service.findMethodByName("Foo"));
+
+    MethodDescriptor barMethod = service.getMethods().get(1);
+    assertEquals("Bar", barMethod.getName());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.BarRequest.getDescriptor(), barMethod.getInputType());
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.BarResponse.getDescriptor(), barMethod.getOutputType());
+    assertEquals(barMethod, service.findMethodByName("Bar"));
+
+
+    assertNull(service.findMethodByName("NoSuchMethod"));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < service.getMethods().size(); i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, service.getMethods().get(i).getIndex());
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  public void testCustomOptions() throws Exception {
+    // Get the descriptor indirectly from a dependent proto class. This is to
+    // ensure that when a proto class is loaded, custom options defined in its
+    // dependencies are also properly initialized.
+    Descriptor descriptor =
+        TestCustomOptions.TestMessageWithCustomOptionsContainer.getDescriptor()
+            .findFieldByName("field")
+            .getMessageType();
+
+    assertTrue(descriptor.getOptions().hasExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.messageOpt1));
+    assertEquals(
+        Integer.valueOf(-56),
+        descriptor.getOptions().getExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.messageOpt1));
+
+    FieldDescriptor field = descriptor.findFieldByName("field1");
+    assertNotNull(field);
+
+    assertTrue(field.getOptions().hasExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.fieldOpt1));
+    assertEquals(
+        Long.valueOf(8765432109L),
+        field.getOptions().getExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.fieldOpt1));
+
+    OneofDescriptor oneof = descriptor.getOneofs().get(0);
+    assertNotNull(oneof);
+
+    assertTrue(oneof.getOptions().hasExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.oneofOpt1));
+    assertEquals(
+        Integer.valueOf(-99), oneof.getOptions().getExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.oneofOpt1));
+
+    EnumDescriptor enumType =
+        UnittestCustomOptions.TestMessageWithCustomOptions.AnEnum.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertTrue(enumType.getOptions().hasExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.enumOpt1));
+    assertEquals(
+        Integer.valueOf(-789), enumType.getOptions().getExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.enumOpt1));
+
+    ServiceDescriptor service = UnittestCustomOptions.TestServiceWithCustomOptions.getDescriptor();
+
+    assertTrue(service.getOptions().hasExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.serviceOpt1));
+    assertEquals(
+        Long.valueOf(-9876543210L),
+        service.getOptions().getExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.serviceOpt1));
+
+    MethodDescriptor method = service.findMethodByName("Foo");
+    assertNotNull(method);
+
+    assertTrue(method.getOptions().hasExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.methodOpt1));
+    assertEquals(
+        UnittestCustomOptions.MethodOpt1.METHODOPT1_VAL2,
+        method.getOptions().getExtension(UnittestCustomOptions.methodOpt1));
+  }
+
+  /** Test that the FieldDescriptor.Type enum is the same as the WireFormat.FieldType enum. */
+  public void testFieldTypeTablesMatch() throws Exception {
+    FieldDescriptor.Type[] values1 = FieldDescriptor.Type.values();
+    WireFormat.FieldType[] values2 = WireFormat.FieldType.values();
+
+    assertEquals(values1.length, values2.length);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < values1.length; i++) {
+      assertEquals(values1[i].toString(), values2[i].toString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Test that the FieldDescriptor.JavaType enum is the same as the WireFormat.JavaType enum. */
+  public void testJavaTypeTablesMatch() throws Exception {
+    FieldDescriptor.JavaType[] values1 = FieldDescriptor.JavaType.values();
+    WireFormat.JavaType[] values2 = WireFormat.JavaType.values();
+
+    assertEquals(values1.length, values2.length);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < values1.length; i++) {
+      assertEquals(values1[i].toString(), values2[i].toString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testEnormousDescriptor() throws Exception {
+    // The descriptor for this file is larger than 64k, yet it did not cause
+    // a compiler error due to an over-long string literal.
+    assertTrue(UnittestEnormousDescriptor.getDescriptor().toProto().getSerializedSize() > 65536);
+  }
+
+  /** Tests that the DescriptorValidationException works as intended. */
+  public void testDescriptorValidatorException() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto fileDescriptorProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("foo.proto")
+            .addMessageType(
+                DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                    .setName("Foo")
+                    .addField(
+                        FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                            .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                            .setType(FieldDescriptorProto.Type.TYPE_INT32)
+                            .setName("foo")
+                            .setNumber(1)
+                            .setDefaultValue("invalid")
+                            .build())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+    try {
+      Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(fileDescriptorProto, new FileDescriptor[0]);
+      fail("DescriptorValidationException expected");
+    } catch (DescriptorValidationException e) {
+      // Expected; check that the error message contains some useful hints
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().indexOf("foo") != -1);
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().indexOf("Foo") != -1);
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().indexOf("invalid") != -1);
+      assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof NumberFormatException);
+      assertTrue(e.getCause().getMessage().indexOf("invalid") != -1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the translate/crosslink for an example where a message field's name and type name are the
+   * same.
+   */
+  public void testDescriptorComplexCrosslink() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto fileDescriptorProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("foo.proto")
+            .addMessageType(
+                DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                    .setName("Foo")
+                    .addField(
+                        FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                            .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                            .setType(FieldDescriptorProto.Type.TYPE_INT32)
+                            .setName("foo")
+                            .setNumber(1)
+                            .build())
+                    .build())
+            .addMessageType(
+                DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                    .setName("Bar")
+                    .addField(
+                        FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                            .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                            .setTypeName("Foo")
+                            .setName("Foo")
+                            .setNumber(1)
+                            .build())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+    // translate and crosslink
+    FileDescriptor file =
+        Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(fileDescriptorProto, new FileDescriptor[0]);
+    // verify resulting descriptors
+    assertNotNull(file);
+    List<Descriptor> msglist = file.getMessageTypes();
+    assertNotNull(msglist);
+    assertTrue(msglist.size() == 2);
+    boolean barFound = false;
+    for (Descriptor desc : msglist) {
+      if (desc.getName().equals("Bar")) {
+        barFound = true;
+        assertNotNull(desc.getFields());
+        List<FieldDescriptor> fieldlist = desc.getFields();
+        assertNotNull(fieldlist);
+        assertTrue(fieldlist.size() == 1);
+        assertTrue(fieldlist.get(0).getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE);
+        assertTrue(fieldlist.get(0).getMessageType().getName().equals("Foo"));
+      }
+    }
+    assertTrue(barFound);
+  }
+
+  public void testDependencyOrder() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto fooProto = FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder().setName("foo.proto").build();
+    FileDescriptorProto barProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder().setName("bar.proto").addDependency("foo.proto").build();
+    FileDescriptorProto bazProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("baz.proto")
+            .addDependency("foo.proto")
+            .addDependency("bar.proto")
+            .addPublicDependency(0)
+            .addPublicDependency(1)
+            .build();
+    FileDescriptor fooFile = Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(fooProto, new FileDescriptor[0]);
+    FileDescriptor barFile =
+        Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(barProto, new FileDescriptor[] {fooFile});
+
+    // Items in the FileDescriptor array can be in any order.
+    Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(bazProto, new FileDescriptor[] {fooFile, barFile});
+    Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(bazProto, new FileDescriptor[] {barFile, fooFile});
+  }
+
+  public void testInvalidPublicDependency() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto fooProto = FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder().setName("foo.proto").build();
+    FileDescriptorProto barProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("boo.proto")
+            .addDependency("foo.proto")
+            .addPublicDependency(1) // Error, should be 0.
+            .build();
+    FileDescriptor fooFile = Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(fooProto, new FileDescriptor[0]);
+    try {
+      Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(barProto, new FileDescriptor[] {fooFile});
+      fail("DescriptorValidationException expected");
+    } catch (DescriptorValidationException e) {
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().indexOf("Invalid public dependency index.") != -1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownFieldsDenied() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto fooProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("foo.proto")
+            .addMessageType(
+                DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                    .setName("Foo")
+                    .addField(
+                        FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                            .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                            .setTypeName("Bar")
+                            .setName("bar")
+                            .setNumber(1)))
+            .build();
+
+    try {
+      Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(fooProto, new FileDescriptor[0]);
+      fail("DescriptorValidationException expected");
+    } catch (DescriptorValidationException e) {
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().indexOf("Bar") != -1);
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().indexOf("is not defined") != -1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownFieldsAllowed() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto fooProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("foo.proto")
+            .addDependency("bar.proto")
+            .addMessageType(
+                DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                    .setName("Foo")
+                    .addField(
+                        FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                            .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                            .setTypeName("Bar")
+                            .setName("bar")
+                            .setNumber(1)))
+            .build();
+    Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(fooProto, new FileDescriptor[0], true);
+  }
+
+  public void testHiddenDependency() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto barProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("bar.proto")
+            .addMessageType(DescriptorProto.newBuilder().setName("Bar"))
+            .build();
+    FileDescriptorProto forwardProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("forward.proto")
+            .addDependency("bar.proto")
+            .build();
+    FileDescriptorProto fooProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("foo.proto")
+            .addDependency("forward.proto")
+            .addMessageType(
+                DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                    .setName("Foo")
+                    .addField(
+                        FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                            .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                            .setTypeName("Bar")
+                            .setName("bar")
+                            .setNumber(1)))
+            .build();
+    FileDescriptor barFile = Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(barProto, new FileDescriptor[0]);
+    FileDescriptor forwardFile =
+        Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(forwardProto, new FileDescriptor[] {barFile});
+
+    try {
+      Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(fooProto, new FileDescriptor[] {forwardFile});
+      fail("DescriptorValidationException expected");
+    } catch (DescriptorValidationException e) {
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().indexOf("Bar") != -1);
+      assertTrue(e.getMessage().indexOf("is not defined") != -1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testPublicDependency() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto barProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("bar.proto")
+            .addMessageType(DescriptorProto.newBuilder().setName("Bar"))
+            .build();
+    FileDescriptorProto forwardProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("forward.proto")
+            .addDependency("bar.proto")
+            .addPublicDependency(0)
+            .build();
+    FileDescriptorProto fooProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("foo.proto")
+            .addDependency("forward.proto")
+            .addMessageType(
+                DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                    .setName("Foo")
+                    .addField(
+                        FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                            .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                            .setTypeName("Bar")
+                            .setName("bar")
+                            .setNumber(1)))
+            .build();
+    FileDescriptor barFile = Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(barProto, new FileDescriptor[0]);
+    FileDescriptor forwardFile =
+        Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(forwardProto, new FileDescriptor[] {barFile});
+    Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(fooProto, new FileDescriptor[] {forwardFile});
+  }
+
+  /** Tests the translate/crosslink for an example with a more complex namespace referencing. */
+  public void testComplexNamespacePublicDependency() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto fooProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("bar.proto")
+            .setPackage("a.b.c.d.bar.shared")
+            .addEnumType(
+                EnumDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                    .setName("MyEnum")
+                    .addValue(EnumValueDescriptorProto.newBuilder().setName("BLAH").setNumber(1)))
+            .build();
+    FileDescriptorProto barProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("foo.proto")
+            .addDependency("bar.proto")
+            .setPackage("a.b.c.d.foo.shared")
+            .addMessageType(
+                DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                    .setName("MyMessage")
+                    .addField(
+                        FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                            .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_REPEATED)
+                            .setTypeName("bar.shared.MyEnum")
+                            .setName("MyField")
+                            .setNumber(1)))
+            .build();
+    // translate and crosslink
+    FileDescriptor fooFile = Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(fooProto, new FileDescriptor[0]);
+    FileDescriptor barFile =
+        Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(barProto, new FileDescriptor[] {fooFile});
+    // verify resulting descriptors
+    assertNotNull(barFile);
+    List<Descriptor> msglist = barFile.getMessageTypes();
+    assertNotNull(msglist);
+    assertTrue(msglist.size() == 1);
+    Descriptor desc = msglist.get(0);
+    if (desc.getName().equals("MyMessage")) {
+      assertNotNull(desc.getFields());
+      List<FieldDescriptor> fieldlist = desc.getFields();
+      assertNotNull(fieldlist);
+      assertTrue(fieldlist.size() == 1);
+      FieldDescriptor field = fieldlist.get(0);
+      assertTrue(field.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM);
+      assertTrue(field.getEnumType().getName().equals("MyEnum"));
+      assertTrue(field.getEnumType().getFile().getName().equals("bar.proto"));
+      assertTrue(field.getEnumType().getFile().getPackage().equals("a.b.c.d.bar.shared"));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testOneofDescriptor() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor messageType = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    FieldDescriptor field = messageType.findFieldByName("oneof_nested_message");
+    OneofDescriptor oneofDescriptor = field.getContainingOneof();
+    assertNotNull(oneofDescriptor);
+    assertSame(oneofDescriptor, messageType.getOneofs().get(0));
+    assertEquals("oneof_field", oneofDescriptor.getName());
+
+    assertEquals(4, oneofDescriptor.getFieldCount());
+    assertSame(oneofDescriptor.getField(1), field);
+
+    assertEquals(4, oneofDescriptor.getFields().size());
+    assertEquals(oneofDescriptor.getFields().get(1), field);
+  }
+
+  public void testMessageDescriptorExtensions() throws Exception {
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().isExtendable());
+    assertTrue(TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor().isExtendable());
+    assertTrue(TestMultipleExtensionRanges.getDescriptor().isExtendable());
+
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().isExtensionNumber(3));
+    assertTrue(TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor().isExtensionNumber(3));
+    assertTrue(TestMultipleExtensionRanges.getDescriptor().isExtensionNumber(42));
+    assertFalse(TestMultipleExtensionRanges.getDescriptor().isExtensionNumber(43));
+    assertFalse(TestMultipleExtensionRanges.getDescriptor().isExtensionNumber(4142));
+    assertTrue(TestMultipleExtensionRanges.getDescriptor().isExtensionNumber(4143));
+  }
+
+  public void testReservedFields() {
+    Descriptor d = TestReservedFields.getDescriptor();
+    assertTrue(d.isReservedNumber(2));
+    assertFalse(d.isReservedNumber(8));
+    assertTrue(d.isReservedNumber(9));
+    assertTrue(d.isReservedNumber(10));
+    assertTrue(d.isReservedNumber(11));
+    assertFalse(d.isReservedNumber(12));
+    assertFalse(d.isReservedName("foo"));
+    assertTrue(d.isReservedName("bar"));
+    assertTrue(d.isReservedName("baz"));
+  }
+
+  public void testToString() {
+    assertEquals(
+        "protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.optional_uint64",
+        UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()
+            .findFieldByNumber(UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.OPTIONAL_UINT64_FIELD_NUMBER)
+            .toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testPackedEnumField() throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptorProto fileDescriptorProto =
+        FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+            .setName("foo.proto")
+            .addEnumType(
+                EnumDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                    .setName("Enum")
+                    .addValue(
+                        EnumValueDescriptorProto.newBuilder().setName("FOO").setNumber(1).build())
+                    .build())
+            .addMessageType(
+                DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                    .setName("Message")
+                    .addField(
+                        FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                            .setName("foo")
+                            .setTypeName("Enum")
+                            .setNumber(1)
+                            .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_REPEATED)
+                            .setOptions(
+                                DescriptorProtos.FieldOptions.newBuilder().setPacked(true).build())
+                            .build())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+    Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(fileDescriptorProto, new FileDescriptor[0]);
+  }
+
+  public void testFieldJsonName() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor d = TestJsonName.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(6, d.getFields().size());
+    assertEquals("fieldName1", d.getFields().get(0).getJsonName());
+    assertEquals("fieldName2", d.getFields().get(1).getJsonName());
+    assertEquals("FieldName3", d.getFields().get(2).getJsonName());
+    assertEquals("FieldName4", d.getFields().get(3).getJsonName());
+    assertEquals("FIELDNAME5", d.getFields().get(4).getJsonName());
+    assertEquals("@type", d.getFields().get(5).getJsonName());
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionRenamesKeywords() {
+    assertTrue(NonNestedExtension.if_ instanceof GeneratedMessage.GeneratedExtension);
+    assertTrue(
+        NestedExtension.MyNestedExtension.default_
+            instanceof GeneratedMessage.GeneratedExtension);
+
+    NonNestedExtension.MessageToBeExtended msg =
+        NonNestedExtension.MessageToBeExtended.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(NonNestedExtension.if_, "!fi")
+            .build();
+    assertEquals("!fi", msg.getExtension(NonNestedExtension.if_));
+
+    msg =
+        NonNestedExtension.MessageToBeExtended.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(NestedExtension.MyNestedExtension.default_, 8)
+            .build();
+    assertEquals(8, msg.getExtension(NestedExtension.MyNestedExtension.default_).intValue());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DiscardUnknownFieldsTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DiscardUnknownFieldsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01a96ba55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DiscardUnknownFieldsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import proto3_unittest.UnittestProto3;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+/** Unit tests for discard or preserve unknown fields. */
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public class DiscardUnknownFieldsTest {
+  @Test
+  public void testProto2() throws Exception {
+    testProto2Message(UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+    testProto2Message(UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions.getDefaultInstance());
+    testProto2Message(
+        DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage.getDescriptor()));
+    testProto2Message(
+        DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(
+            UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions.getDescriptor()));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testProto3() throws Exception {
+    testProto3Message(UnittestProto3.TestEmptyMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+    testProto3Message(
+        DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(UnittestProto3.TestEmptyMessage.getDescriptor()));
+  }
+
+  private static void testProto2Message(Message message) throws Exception {
+    assertUnknownFieldsPreserved(message);
+    assertUnknownFieldsExplicitlyDiscarded(message);
+    assertReuseCodedInputStreamPreserve(message);
+    assertUnknownFieldsInUnknownFieldSetArePreserve(message);
+  }
+
+  private static void testProto3Message(Message message) throws Exception {
+    assertUnknownFieldsPreserved(message);
+    assertUnknownFieldsExplicitlyDiscarded(message);
+    assertReuseCodedInputStreamPreserve(message);
+    assertUnknownFieldsInUnknownFieldSetArePreserve(message);
+  }
+
+  private static void assertReuseCodedInputStreamPreserve(Message message) throws Exception {
+    final int messageSize = payload.size();
+    byte[] copied = new byte[messageSize * 2];
+    payload.copyTo(copied, 0);
+    payload.copyTo(copied, messageSize);
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(copied);
+
+    // Use DiscardUnknownFieldsParser to parse the first payload.
+    int oldLimit = input.pushLimit(messageSize);
+    Message parsed = DiscardUnknownFieldsParser.wrap(message.getParserForType()).parseFrom(input);
+    assertEquals(message.getClass().getName(), 0, parsed.getSerializedSize());
+    input.popLimit(oldLimit);
+
+    // Use the normal parser to parse the remaining payload should have unknown fields preserved.
+    parsed = message.getParserForType().parseFrom(input);
+    assertEquals(message.getClass().getName(), payload, parsed.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@link Message.Builder#setUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet)} and {@link
+   * Message.Builder#mergeUnknownFields(UnknownFieldSet)} should preserve the unknown fields.
+   */
+  private static void assertUnknownFieldsInUnknownFieldSetArePreserve(Message message)
+      throws Exception {
+    UnknownFieldSet unknownFields = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder().mergeFrom(payload).build();
+    Message built = message.newBuilderForType().setUnknownFields(unknownFields).build();
+    assertEquals(message.getClass().getName(), payload, built.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  private static void assertUnknownFieldsPreserved(MessageLite message) throws Exception {
+    MessageLite parsed = message.getParserForType().parseFrom(payload);
+    assertEquals(message.getClass().getName(), payload, parsed.toByteString());
+
+    parsed = message.newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(payload).build();
+    assertEquals(message.getClass().getName(), payload, parsed.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  private static void assertUnknownFieldsExplicitlyDiscarded(Message message) throws Exception {
+    Message parsed = DiscardUnknownFieldsParser.wrap(message.getParserForType()).parseFrom(payload);
+    assertEquals(message.getClass().getName(), 0, parsed.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  private static final ByteString payload =
+      TestUtilLite.getAllLiteSetBuilder().build().toByteString();
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DoubleArrayListTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DoubleArrayListTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a8254aa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DoubleArrayListTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.DoubleList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link DoubleArrayList}.
+ *
+ * @author dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+ */
+public class DoubleArrayListTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final DoubleArrayList UNARY_LIST = newImmutableDoubleArrayList(1);
+  private static final DoubleArrayList TERTIARY_LIST = newImmutableDoubleArrayList(1, 2, 3);
+
+  private DoubleArrayList list;
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    list = new DoubleArrayList();
+  }
+
+  public void testEmptyListReturnsSameInstance() {
+    assertSame(DoubleArrayList.emptyList(), DoubleArrayList.emptyList());
+  }
+
+  public void testEmptyListIsImmutable() {
+    assertImmutable(DoubleArrayList.emptyList());
+  }
+
+  public void testMakeImmutable() {
+    list.addDouble(3);
+    list.addDouble(4);
+    list.addDouble(5);
+    list.addDouble(7);
+    list.makeImmutable();
+    assertImmutable(list);
+  }
+
+  public void testModificationWithIteration() {
+    list.addAll(asList(1D, 2D, 3D, 4D));
+    Iterator<Double> iterator = list.iterator();
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+    assertEquals(1D, (double) list.get(0), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(1D, (double) iterator.next(), 0.0);
+    list.set(0, 1D);
+    assertEquals(2D, (double) iterator.next(), 0.0);
+
+    list.remove(0);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    iterator = list.iterator();
+    list.add(0, 0D);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGet() {
+    assertEquals(1D, (double) TERTIARY_LIST.get(0), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(2D, (double) TERTIARY_LIST.get(1), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(3D, (double) TERTIARY_LIST.get(2), 0.0);
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetDouble() {
+    assertEquals(1D, TERTIARY_LIST.getDouble(0), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(2D, TERTIARY_LIST.getDouble(1), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(3D, TERTIARY_LIST.getDouble(2), 0.0);
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSize() {
+    assertEquals(0, DoubleArrayList.emptyList().size());
+    assertEquals(1, UNARY_LIST.size());
+    assertEquals(3, TERTIARY_LIST.size());
+
+    list.addDouble(3);
+    list.addDouble(4);
+    list.addDouble(6);
+    list.addDouble(8);
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+
+    list.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+
+    list.add(17D);
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testSet() {
+    list.addDouble(2);
+    list.addDouble(4);
+
+    assertEquals(2D, (double) list.set(0, 3D), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(3D, list.getDouble(0), 0.0);
+
+    assertEquals(4D, (double) list.set(1, 0D), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(0D, list.getDouble(1), 0.0);
+
+    try {
+      list.set(-1, 0D);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(2, 0D);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSetDouble() {
+    list.addDouble(1);
+    list.addDouble(3);
+
+    assertEquals(1D, list.setDouble(0, 0), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(0D, list.getDouble(0), 0.0);
+
+    assertEquals(3D, list.setDouble(1, 0), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(0D, list.getDouble(1), 0.0);
+
+    try {
+      list.setDouble(-1, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.setDouble(2, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAdd() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    assertTrue(list.add(2D));
+    assertEquals(asList(2D), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.add(3D));
+    list.add(0, 4D);
+    assertEquals(asList(4D, 2D, 3D), list);
+
+    list.add(0, 1D);
+    list.add(0, 0D);
+    // Force a resize by getting up to 11 elements.
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      list.add(Double.valueOf(5 + i));
+    }
+    assertEquals(asList(0D, 1D, 4D, 2D, 3D, 5D, 6D, 7D, 8D, 9D, 10D), list);
+
+    try {
+      list.add(-1, 5D);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(4, 5D);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAddDouble() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    list.addDouble(2);
+    assertEquals(asList(2D), list);
+
+    list.addDouble(3);
+    assertEquals(asList(2D, 3D), list);
+  }
+
+  public void testAddAll() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(Collections.singleton(1D)));
+    assertEquals(1, list.size());
+    assertEquals(1D, (double) list.get(0), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(1D, list.getDouble(0), 0.0);
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(asList(2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D)));
+    assertEquals(asList(1D, 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(TERTIARY_LIST));
+    assertEquals(asList(1D, 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 1D, 2D, 3D), list);
+
+    assertFalse(list.addAll(Collections.<Double>emptyList()));
+    assertFalse(list.addAll(DoubleArrayList.emptyList()));
+  }
+
+  public void testEquals() {
+    DoubleArrayList list1 = new DoubleArrayList();
+    DoubleArrayList list2 = new DoubleArrayList();
+
+    list1.addDouble(Double.longBitsToDouble(0x7ff0000000000001L));
+    list2.addDouble(Double.longBitsToDouble(0x7ff0000000000002L));
+    assertEquals(list1, list2);
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove() {
+    list.addAll(TERTIARY_LIST);
+    assertEquals(1D, (double) list.remove(0), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(asList(2D, 3D), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.remove(Double.valueOf(3)));
+    assertEquals(asList(2D), list);
+
+    assertFalse(list.remove(Double.valueOf(3)));
+    assertEquals(asList(2D), list);
+
+    assertEquals(2D, (double) list.remove(0), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(asList(), list);
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(0);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRemoveEnd_listAtCapacity() {
+    DoubleList toRemove = DoubleArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(1);
+    toRemove.addDouble(3);
+    toRemove.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(0, toRemove.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove_listAtCapacity() {
+    DoubleList toRemove = DoubleArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(2);
+    toRemove.addDouble(3);
+    toRemove.addDouble(4);
+    toRemove.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(1, toRemove.size());
+    assertEquals(4D, (double) toRemove.get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testSublistRemoveEndOfCapacity() {
+    DoubleList toRemove = DoubleArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(1);
+    toRemove.addDouble(3);
+    toRemove.subList(0, 1).clear();
+    assertEquals(0, toRemove.size());
+  }
+
+  private void assertImmutable(DoubleList list) {
+    if (list.contains(1D)) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Cannot test the immutability of lists that contain 1.");
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(1D);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(0, 1D);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(Collections.<Double>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(Collections.singletonList(1D));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(new DoubleArrayList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, Collections.singleton(1D));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, Collections.<Double>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addDouble(0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.clear();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(new Object());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(Collections.<Double>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(Collections.singleton(1D));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(Collections.<Double>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(Collections.singleton(1D));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(0, 0D);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.setDouble(0, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static DoubleArrayList newImmutableDoubleArrayList(double... elements) {
+    DoubleArrayList list = new DoubleArrayList();
+    for (double element : elements) {
+      list.addDouble(element);
+    }
+    list.makeImmutable();
+    return list;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DynamicMessageTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DynamicMessageTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe37ea808
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DynamicMessageTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link DynamicMessage}. See also {@link MessageTest}, which tests some {@link
+ * DynamicMessage} functionality.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class DynamicMessageTest extends TestCase {
+  TestUtil.ReflectionTester reflectionTester =
+      new TestUtil.ReflectionTester(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), null);
+
+  TestUtil.ReflectionTester extensionsReflectionTester =
+      new TestUtil.ReflectionTester(
+          TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor(), TestUtil.getFullExtensionRegistry());
+  TestUtil.ReflectionTester packedReflectionTester =
+      new TestUtil.ReflectionTester(TestPackedTypes.getDescriptor(), null);
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageAccessors() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    Message message = builder.build();
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testSettersAfterBuild() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    Message firstMessage = builder.build();
+    // double build()
+    builder.build();
+    // clear() after build()
+    builder.clear();
+    // setters after build()
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    Message message = builder.build();
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+    // repeated setters after build()
+    reflectionTester.modifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    reflectionTester.assertRepeatedFieldsModifiedViaReflection(message);
+    // firstMessage shouldn't have been modified.
+    reflectionTester.assertClearViaReflection(firstMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownFields() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestEmptyMessage.getDescriptor());
+    builder.setUnknownFields(
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+            .addField(1, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(1).build())
+            .addField(2, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addFixed32(1).build())
+            .build());
+    Message message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(2, message.getUnknownFields().asMap().size());
+    // clone() with unknown fields
+    Message.Builder newBuilder = builder.clone();
+    assertEquals(2, newBuilder.getUnknownFields().asMap().size());
+    // clear() with unknown fields
+    newBuilder.clear();
+    assertTrue(newBuilder.getUnknownFields().asMap().isEmpty());
+    // serialize/parse with unknown fields
+    newBuilder.mergeFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertEquals(2, newBuilder.getUnknownFields().asMap().size());
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    reflectionTester.assertReflectionSettersRejectNull(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageExtensionAccessors() throws Exception {
+    // We don't need to extensively test DynamicMessage's handling of
+    // extensions because, frankly, it doesn't do anything special with them.
+    // It treats them just like any other fields.
+    Message.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor());
+    extensionsReflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    Message message = builder.build();
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageExtensionSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor());
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertReflectionSettersRejectNull(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageRepeatedSetters() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    reflectionTester.modifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    Message message = builder.build();
+    reflectionTester.assertRepeatedFieldsModifiedViaReflection(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageRepeatedSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    reflectionTester.assertReflectionRepeatedSettersRejectNull(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageDefaults() throws Exception {
+    reflectionTester.assertClearViaReflection(
+        DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()));
+    reflectionTester.assertClearViaReflection(
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()).build());
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageSerializedSize() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+
+    Message.Builder dynamicBuilder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(dynamicBuilder);
+    Message dynamicMessage = dynamicBuilder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), dynamicMessage.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageSerialization() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    Message message = builder.build();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+    TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
+
+    // In fact, the serialized forms should be exactly the same, byte-for-byte.
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteString(), rawBytes);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageParsing() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    Message message2 = DynamicMessage.parseFrom(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), rawBytes);
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message2);
+
+    // Test Parser interface.
+    Message message3 = message2.getParserForType().parseFrom(rawBytes);
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message3);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageExtensionParsing() throws Exception {
+    ByteString rawBytes = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet().toByteString();
+    Message message =
+        DynamicMessage.parseFrom(
+            TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor(), rawBytes, TestUtil.getFullExtensionRegistry());
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+
+    // Test Parser interface.
+    Message message2 =
+        message.getParserForType().parseFrom(rawBytes, TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry());
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessagePackedSerialization() throws Exception {
+    Message.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestPackedTypes.getDescriptor());
+    packedReflectionTester.setPackedFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    Message message = builder.build();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+    TestPackedTypes message2 = TestPackedTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(message2);
+
+    // In fact, the serialized forms should be exactly the same, byte-for-byte.
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.getPackedSet().toByteString(), rawBytes);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessagePackedParsing() throws Exception {
+    TestPackedTypes.Builder builder = TestPackedTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setPackedFields(builder);
+    TestPackedTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    Message message2 = DynamicMessage.parseFrom(TestPackedTypes.getDescriptor(), rawBytes);
+    packedReflectionTester.assertPackedFieldsSetViaReflection(message2);
+
+    // Test Parser interface.
+    Message message3 = message2.getParserForType().parseFrom(rawBytes);
+    packedReflectionTester.assertPackedFieldsSetViaReflection(message3);
+  }
+
+  public void testGetBuilderForExtensionField() {
+    DynamicMessage.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor());
+    Message.Builder fieldBuilder =
+        builder.newBuilderForField(UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension.getDescriptor());
+    final int expected = 7432;
+    FieldDescriptor field =
+        NestedMessage.getDescriptor().findFieldByNumber(NestedMessage.BB_FIELD_NUMBER);
+    fieldBuilder.setField(field, expected);
+    assertEquals(expected, fieldBuilder.build().getField(field));
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessageCopy() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    DynamicMessage copy = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(message).build();
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(copy);
+
+    // Test oneof behavior
+    FieldDescriptor bytesField = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("oneof_bytes");
+    FieldDescriptor uint32Field = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("oneof_uint32");
+    assertTrue(copy.hasField(bytesField));
+    assertFalse(copy.hasField(uint32Field));
+    DynamicMessage copy2 = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(message).setField(uint32Field, 123).build();
+    assertFalse(copy2.hasField(bytesField));
+    assertTrue(copy2.hasField(uint32Field));
+    assertEquals(123, copy2.getField(uint32Field));
+  }
+
+  public void testToBuilder() throws Exception {
+    DynamicMessage.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    int unknownFieldNum = 9;
+    long unknownFieldVal = 90;
+    builder.setUnknownFields(
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+            .addField(
+                unknownFieldNum,
+                UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(unknownFieldVal).build())
+            .build());
+    DynamicMessage message = builder.build();
+
+    DynamicMessage derived = message.toBuilder().build();
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(derived);
+    assertEquals(
+        Arrays.asList(unknownFieldVal),
+        derived.getUnknownFields().getField(unknownFieldNum).getVarintList());
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicOneofMessage() throws Exception {
+    DynamicMessage.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    OneofDescriptor oneof = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getOneofs().get(0);
+    assertFalse(builder.hasOneof(oneof));
+    assertSame(null, builder.getOneofFieldDescriptor(oneof));
+
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    assertTrue(builder.hasOneof(oneof));
+    FieldDescriptor field = oneof.getField(3);
+    assertSame(field, builder.getOneofFieldDescriptor(oneof));
+
+    DynamicMessage message = builder.buildPartial();
+    assertTrue(message.hasOneof(oneof));
+
+    DynamicMessage.Builder mergedBuilder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    FieldDescriptor mergedField = oneof.getField(0);
+    mergedBuilder.setField(mergedField, 123);
+    assertTrue(mergedBuilder.hasField(mergedField));
+    mergedBuilder.mergeFrom(message);
+    assertTrue(mergedBuilder.hasField(field));
+    assertFalse(mergedBuilder.hasField(mergedField));
+
+    builder.clearOneof(oneof);
+    assertSame(null, builder.getOneofFieldDescriptor(oneof));
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertSame(null, message.getOneofFieldDescriptor(oneof));
+  }
+
+  // Regression test for a bug that makes setField() not work for repeated
+  // enum fields.
+  public void testSettersForRepeatedEnumField() throws Exception {
+    DynamicMessage.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor());
+    FieldDescriptor repeatedEnumField =
+        TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("repeated_nested_enum");
+    EnumDescriptor enumDescriptor = TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.getDescriptor();
+    builder.setField(repeatedEnumField, enumDescriptor.getValues());
+    DynamicMessage message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(enumDescriptor.getValues(), message.getField(repeatedEnumField));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/EnumTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/EnumTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80c176a77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/EnumTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.ForeignEnumLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllTypesLite;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignEnum;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+public class EnumTest extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testForNumber() {
+    ForeignEnum e = ForeignEnum.forNumber(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, e);
+
+    e = ForeignEnum.forNumber(1000);
+    assertNull(e);
+  }
+
+  public void testForNumber_oneof() {
+    TestAllTypes.OneofFieldCase e =
+        TestAllTypes.OneofFieldCase.forNumber(
+            TestAllTypes.OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_NESTED_MESSAGE.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_NESTED_MESSAGE, e);
+
+    e = TestAllTypes.OneofFieldCase.forNumber(1000);
+    assertNull(e);
+  }
+
+  public void testForNumberLite() {
+    ForeignEnumLite e = ForeignEnumLite.forNumber(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR, e);
+
+    e = ForeignEnumLite.forNumber(1000);
+    assertNull(e);
+  }
+
+  public void testForNumberLite_oneof() {
+    TestAllTypesLite.OneofFieldCase e =
+        TestAllTypesLite.OneofFieldCase.forNumber(
+            TestAllTypesLite.OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_NESTED_MESSAGE.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypesLite.OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_NESTED_MESSAGE, e);
+
+    e = TestAllTypesLite.OneofFieldCase.forNumber(1000);
+    assertNull(e);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalMessageFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalMessageFactory.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..60c8609cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalMessageFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/** Interface for a test factory for messages. */
+public interface ExperimentalMessageFactory<T extends MessageLite> {
+  /** Creates a new random message instance. */
+  T newMessage();
+
+  /** Gets the underlying data provider. */
+  ExperimentalTestDataProvider dataProvider();
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalSerializationUtil.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalSerializationUtil.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..05aaa6752
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalSerializationUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Queue;
+
+/** Utilities for serialization. */
+public class ExperimentalSerializationUtil {
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes the given message to a byte array using {@link com.google.protobuf.BinaryWriter}.
+   */
+  public static <T> byte[] toByteArray(T msg) throws IOException {
+    return toByteArray(msg, Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(msg));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Serializes the given message to a byte array using {@link com.google.protobuf.BinaryWriter}
+   * with a customized Schema.
+   */
+  public static <T> byte[] toByteArray(T msg, Schema<T> schema) throws IOException {
+    BinaryWriter writer = BinaryWriter.newHeapInstance(BufferAllocator.unpooled());
+    schema.writeTo(msg, writer);
+
+    byte[] out = new byte[writer.getTotalBytesWritten()];
+    int outPos = 0;
+    Queue<AllocatedBuffer> buffers = writer.complete();
+    while (true) {
+      AllocatedBuffer buffer = buffers.poll();
+      if (buffer == null) {
+        break;
+      }
+      int length = buffer.limit() - buffer.position();
+      System.arraycopy(
+          buffer.array(), buffer.arrayOffset() + buffer.position(), out, outPos, length);
+      outPos += length;
+    }
+    if (out.length != outPos) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Failed to serialize test message");
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  /** Deserializes a message from the given byte array. */
+  public static <T> T fromByteArray(byte[] data, Class<T> messageType) {
+    if (Android.isOnAndroidDevice()) {
+      return fromByteArrayFastPath(data, messageType);
+    } else {
+      return fromByteArray(data, messageType, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Deserializes a message from the given byte array using {@link com.google.protobuf.BinaryReader}
+   * with an extension registry and a customized Schema.
+   */
+  public static <T> T fromByteArray(
+      byte[] data, Class<T> messageType, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) {
+    try {
+      Schema<T> schema = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(messageType);
+      T msg = schema.newInstance();
+      schema.mergeFrom(
+          msg, BinaryReader.newInstance(ByteBuffer.wrap(data), true), extensionRegistry);
+      schema.makeImmutable(msg);
+      return msg;
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Deserializes a lite message from the given byte array using fast path. */
+  private static <T> T fromByteArrayFastPath(byte[] data, Class<T> messageType) {
+    try {
+      Schema<T> schema = Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(messageType);
+      T msg = schema.newInstance();
+      schema.mergeFrom(msg, data, 0, data.length, new ArrayDecoders.Registers());
+      schema.makeImmutable(msg);
+      return msg;
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalTestDataProvider.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalTestDataProvider.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3ef93ac9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExperimentalTestDataProvider.java
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.util.Random;
+
+/** Utility class that provides data primitives for filling out protobuf messages. */
+public final class ExperimentalTestDataProvider {
+  private static final Random RANDOM = new Random(100);
+
+  private final Varint32Provider varint32s = new Varint32Provider();
+  private final Varint64Provider varint64s = new Varint64Provider();
+  private final int stringLength;
+
+  public ExperimentalTestDataProvider(int stringLength) {
+    this.stringLength = stringLength;
+  }
+
+  public double getDouble() {
+    double value = 0.0;
+    while (Double.compare(0.0, value) == 0) {
+      value = RANDOM.nextDouble();
+    }
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  public float getFloat() {
+    float value = 0.0f;
+    while (Float.compare(0.0f, value) == 0) {
+      value = RANDOM.nextFloat();
+    }
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  public long getLong() {
+    return varint64s.getLong();
+  }
+
+  public int getInt() {
+    return varint32s.getInt();
+  }
+
+  public boolean getBool() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  public int getEnum() {
+    return Math.abs(getInt()) % 3;
+  }
+
+  public String getString() {
+    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(stringLength);
+    for (int i = 0; i < stringLength; ++i) {
+      builder.append((char) (RANDOM.nextInt('z' - 'a') + 'a'));
+    }
+    return builder.toString();
+  }
+
+  public ByteString getBytes() {
+    return ByteString.copyFromUtf8(getString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Iterator over integer values. Uses a simple distribution over 32-bit varints (generally
+   * favoring smaller values).
+   */
+  private static final class Varint32Provider {
+    private static final int[][] VALUES = {
+      new int[] {1, 50, 100, 127}, // 1 byte values
+      new int[] {128, 500, 10000, 16383}, // 2 bytes values
+      new int[] {16384, 50000, 1000000, 2097151}, // 3 bytes values
+      new int[] {2097152, 10000000, 200000000, 268435455}, // 4 bytes values
+      new int[] {268435456, 0x30000000, 0x7FFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF} // 5 bytes values
+    };
+
+    /** Number of samples that should be taken from each value array. */
+    private static final int[] NUM_SAMPLES = {3, 2, 1, 1, 2};
+
+    /**
+     * The index into the {@link #VALUES} array that identifies the list of samples currently being
+     * iterated over.
+     */
+    private int listIndex;
+
+    /** The index of the next sample within a list. */
+    private int sampleIndex;
+
+    /** The number of successive samples that have been taken from the current list. */
+    private int samplesTaken;
+
+    public int getInt() {
+      if (samplesTaken++ > NUM_SAMPLES[listIndex]) {
+        // Done taking samples from this list. Go to the next one.
+        listIndex = (listIndex + 1) % VALUES.length;
+        sampleIndex = 0;
+        samplesTaken = 0;
+      }
+
+      int value = VALUES[listIndex][sampleIndex];
+
+      // All lists are exactly 4 long (i.e. power of 2), so we can optimize the mod operation
+      // with masking.
+      sampleIndex = (sampleIndex + 1) & 3;
+
+      return value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Iterator over integer values. Uses a simple distribution over 64-bit varints (generally
+   * favoring smaller values).
+   */
+  private static final class Varint64Provider {
+    private static final long[][] VALUES = {
+      new long[] {1, 50, 100, 127},
+      new long[] {128, 500, 10000, 16383},
+      new long[] {16384, 50000, 1000000, 2097151},
+      new long[] {2097152, 10000000, 200000000, 268435455},
+      new long[] {268435456, 0x30000000, 0x7FFFFFFF, 34359738367L},
+      new long[] {34359738368L, 2000000000000L, 4000000000000L, 4398046511103L},
+      new long[] {4398046511104L, 200000000000000L, 500000000000000L, 562949953421311L},
+      new long[] {0x4000000000000L, 0x5000000000000L, 0x6000000000000L, 0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFL},
+      new long[] {0x100000000000000L, 0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL, 0x5FFFFFFFFFFFFFFL, 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL},
+      new long[] {
+        0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL
+      }
+    };
+
+    /** Number of samples that should be taken from each value array. */
+    private static final int[] NUM_SAMPLES = {4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4};
+
+    /**
+     * The index into the {@link #VALUES} array that identifies the list of samples currently being
+     * iterated over.
+     */
+    private int listIndex;
+
+    /** The index of the next sample within a list. */
+    private int sampleIndex;
+
+    /** The number of successive samples that have been taken from the current list. */
+    private int samplesTaken;
+
+    public long getLong() {
+      if (samplesTaken++ > NUM_SAMPLES[listIndex]) {
+        // Done taking samples from this list. Go to the next one.
+        listIndex = (listIndex + 1) % VALUES.length;
+        sampleIndex = 0;
+        samplesTaken = 0;
+      }
+
+      long value = VALUES[listIndex][sampleIndex];
+
+      // All lists are exactly 4 long (i.e. power of 2), so we can optimize the mod operation
+      // with masking.
+      sampleIndex = (sampleIndex + 1) & 3;
+
+      return value;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6aed074f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.NonNestedExtension;
+import protobuf_unittest.NonNestedExtensionLite;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.net.URLClassLoader;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import junit.framework.Test;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import junit.framework.TestSuite;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link ExtensionRegistryFactory} and the {@link ExtensionRegistry} instances it
+ * creates.
+ *
+ * <p>This test simulates the runtime behaviour of the ExtensionRegistryFactory by delegating test
+ * definitions to two inner classes {@link InnerTest} and {@link InnerLiteTest}, the latter of which
+ * is executed using a custom ClassLoader, simulating the ProtoLite environment.
+ *
+ * <p>The test mechanism employed here is based on the pattern in {@code
+ * com.google.common.util.concurrent.AbstractFutureFallbackAtomicHelperTest}
+ */
+public class ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest extends TestCase {
+
+  // A classloader which blacklists some non-Lite classes.
+  private static final ClassLoader LITE_CLASS_LOADER = getLiteOnlyClassLoader();
+
+  /** Defines the set of test methods which will be run. */
+  static interface RegistryTests {
+    void testCreate();
+
+    void testEmpty();
+
+    void testIsFullRegistry();
+
+    void testAdd();
+
+    void testAdd_immutable();
+  }
+
+  /** Test implementations for the non-Lite usage of ExtensionRegistryFactory. */
+  public static class InnerTest implements RegistryTests {
+
+    @Override
+    public void testCreate() {
+      ExtensionRegistryLite registry = ExtensionRegistryFactory.create();
+
+      assertEquals(registry.getClass(), ExtensionRegistry.class);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void testEmpty() {
+      ExtensionRegistryLite emptyRegistry = ExtensionRegistryFactory.createEmpty();
+
+      assertEquals(emptyRegistry.getClass(), ExtensionRegistry.class);
+      assertEquals(emptyRegistry, ExtensionRegistry.EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void testIsFullRegistry() {
+      ExtensionRegistryLite registry = ExtensionRegistryFactory.create();
+      assertTrue(ExtensionRegistryFactory.isFullRegistry(registry));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void testAdd() {
+      ExtensionRegistryLite registry1 = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+      NonNestedExtensionLite.registerAllExtensions(registry1);
+      registry1.add(NonNestedExtensionLite.nonNestedExtensionLite);
+
+      ExtensionRegistryLite registry2 = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+      NonNestedExtension.registerAllExtensions((ExtensionRegistry) registry2);
+      registry2.add(NonNestedExtension.nonNestedExtension);
+
+      ExtensionRegistry fullRegistry1 = (ExtensionRegistry) registry1;
+      ExtensionRegistry fullRegistry2 = (ExtensionRegistry) registry2;
+
+      assertTrue(
+          "Test is using a non-lite extension",
+          GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension.class.isAssignableFrom(
+              NonNestedExtensionLite.nonNestedExtensionLite.getClass()));
+      assertNull(
+          "Extension is not registered in masqueraded full registry",
+          fullRegistry1.findImmutableExtensionByName("protobuf_unittest.nonNestedExtension"));
+      GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<NonNestedExtensionLite.MessageLiteToBeExtended, ?>
+          extension =
+              registry1.findLiteExtensionByNumber(
+                  NonNestedExtensionLite.MessageLiteToBeExtended.getDefaultInstance(), 1);
+      assertNotNull("Extension registered in lite registry", extension);
+
+      assertTrue(
+          "Test is using a non-lite extension",
+          Extension.class.isAssignableFrom(NonNestedExtension.nonNestedExtension.getClass()));
+      assertNotNull(
+          "Extension is registered in masqueraded full registry",
+          fullRegistry2.findImmutableExtensionByName("protobuf_unittest.nonNestedExtension"));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void testAdd_immutable() {
+      ExtensionRegistryLite registry1 = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance().getUnmodifiable();
+      try {
+        NonNestedExtensionLite.registerAllExtensions(registry1);
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+      }
+      try {
+        registry1.add(NonNestedExtensionLite.nonNestedExtensionLite);
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+      }
+
+      ExtensionRegistryLite registry2 = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance().getUnmodifiable();
+      try {
+        NonNestedExtension.registerAllExtensions((ExtensionRegistry) registry2);
+        fail();
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+      }
+      try {
+        registry2.add(NonNestedExtension.nonNestedExtension);
+        fail();
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Test implementations for the Lite usage of ExtensionRegistryFactory. */
+  public static final class InnerLiteTest implements RegistryTests {
+
+    @Override
+    public void testCreate() {
+      ExtensionRegistryLite registry = ExtensionRegistryFactory.create();
+
+      assertEquals(registry.getClass(), ExtensionRegistryLite.class);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void testEmpty() {
+      ExtensionRegistryLite emptyRegistry = ExtensionRegistryFactory.createEmpty();
+
+      assertEquals(emptyRegistry.getClass(), ExtensionRegistryLite.class);
+      assertEquals(emptyRegistry, ExtensionRegistryLite.EMPTY_REGISTRY_LITE);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void testIsFullRegistry() {
+      ExtensionRegistryLite registry = ExtensionRegistryFactory.create();
+      assertFalse(ExtensionRegistryFactory.isFullRegistry(registry));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void testAdd() {
+      ExtensionRegistryLite registry = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+      NonNestedExtensionLite.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+      GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<NonNestedExtensionLite.MessageLiteToBeExtended, ?>
+          extension =
+              registry.findLiteExtensionByNumber(
+                  NonNestedExtensionLite.MessageLiteToBeExtended.getDefaultInstance(), 1);
+      assertNotNull("Extension is registered in Lite registry", extension);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void testAdd_immutable() {
+      ExtensionRegistryLite registry = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance().getUnmodifiable();
+      try {
+        NonNestedExtensionLite.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Defines a suite of tests which the JUnit3 runner retrieves by reflection. */
+  public static Test suite() {
+    TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();
+    for (Method method : RegistryTests.class.getMethods()) {
+      suite.addTest(TestSuite.createTest(ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest.class, method.getName()));
+    }
+    return suite;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sequentially runs first the Lite and then the non-Lite test variant via classloader
+   * manipulation.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void runTest() throws Exception {
+    ClassLoader storedClassLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+    Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(LITE_CLASS_LOADER);
+    try {
+      runTestMethod(LITE_CLASS_LOADER, InnerLiteTest.class);
+    } finally {
+      Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(storedClassLoader);
+    }
+    try {
+      runTestMethod(storedClassLoader, InnerTest.class);
+    } finally {
+      Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(storedClassLoader);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void runTestMethod(ClassLoader classLoader, Class<? extends RegistryTests> testClass)
+      throws Exception {
+    classLoader.loadClass(ExtensionRegistryFactory.class.getName());
+    Class<?> test = classLoader.loadClass(testClass.getName());
+    String testName = getName();
+    test.getMethod(testName).invoke(test.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a custom ClassLoader blacklisting the classes which are inspected in the SUT to
+   * determine the Lite/non-Lite runtime.
+   */
+  private static ClassLoader getLiteOnlyClassLoader() {
+    ClassLoader testClassLoader = ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest.class.getClassLoader();
+    final Set<String> classNamesNotInLite =
+        Collections.unmodifiableSet(
+            new HashSet<String>(
+                Arrays.asList(
+                    ExtensionRegistryFactory.FULL_REGISTRY_CLASS_NAME,
+                    ExtensionRegistry.EXTENSION_CLASS_NAME)));
+
+    // Construct a URLClassLoader delegating to the system ClassLoader, and looking up classes
+    // in jar files based on the URLs already configured for this test's UrlClassLoader.
+    // Certain classes throw a ClassNotFoundException by design.
+    return new URLClassLoader(
+        ((URLClassLoader) testClassLoader).getURLs(), ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()) {
+      @Override
+      public Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException {
+        if (classNamesNotInLite.contains(name)) {
+          throw new ClassNotFoundException("Class deliberately blacklisted by test.");
+        }
+        Class<?> loadedClass = null;
+        try {
+          loadedClass = findLoadedClass(name);
+          if (loadedClass == null) {
+            loadedClass = findClass(name);
+            if (resolve) {
+              resolveClass(loadedClass);
+            }
+          }
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | SecurityException e) {
+          // Java 8+ would throw a SecurityException if we attempt to find a loaded class from
+          // java.lang.* package. We don't really care about those anyway, so just delegate to the
+          // parent class loader.
+          loadedClass = super.loadClass(name, resolve);
+        }
+        return loadedClass;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldPresenceTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldPresenceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85a2fe086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/FieldPresenceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.FieldPresenceTestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import com.google.protobuf.FieldPresenceTestProto.TestOptionalFieldsOnly;
+import com.google.protobuf.FieldPresenceTestProto.TestRepeatedFieldsOnly;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for protos that doesn't support field presence test for optional non-message fields.
+ */
+public class FieldPresenceTest extends TestCase {
+  private static boolean hasMethod(Class<?> clazz, String name) {
+    try {
+      if (clazz.getMethod(name) != null) {
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+    } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void assertHasMethodRemoved(
+      Class<?> classWithFieldPresence, Class<?> classWithoutFieldPresence, String camelName) {
+    assertTrue(hasMethod(classWithFieldPresence, "get" + camelName));
+    assertTrue(hasMethod(classWithFieldPresence, "has" + camelName));
+    assertTrue(hasMethod(classWithoutFieldPresence, "get" + camelName));
+    assertFalse(hasMethod(classWithoutFieldPresence, "has" + camelName));
+  }
+
+  public void testHasMethod() {
+    // Optional non-message fields don't have a hasFoo() method generated.
+    assertHasMethodRemoved(UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.class, TestAllTypes.class, "OptionalInt32");
+    assertHasMethodRemoved(UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.class, TestAllTypes.class, "OptionalString");
+    assertHasMethodRemoved(UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.class, TestAllTypes.class, "OptionalBytes");
+    assertHasMethodRemoved(
+        UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.class, TestAllTypes.class, "OptionalNestedEnum");
+
+    assertHasMethodRemoved(
+        UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.Builder.class, TestAllTypes.Builder.class, "OptionalInt32");
+    assertHasMethodRemoved(
+        UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.Builder.class, TestAllTypes.Builder.class, "OptionalString");
+    assertHasMethodRemoved(
+        UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.Builder.class, TestAllTypes.Builder.class, "OptionalBytes");
+    assertHasMethodRemoved(
+        UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.Builder.class, TestAllTypes.Builder.class, "OptionalNestedEnum");
+
+    // message fields still have the hasFoo() method generated.
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance().hasOptionalNestedMessage());
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().hasOptionalNestedMessage());
+
+    // oneof fields don't have hasFoo() methods for non-message types.
+    assertHasMethodRemoved(UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.class, TestAllTypes.class, "OneofUint32");
+    assertHasMethodRemoved(UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.class, TestAllTypes.class, "OneofString");
+    assertHasMethodRemoved(UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.class, TestAllTypes.class, "OneofBytes");
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance().hasOneofNestedMessage());
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().hasOneofNestedMessage());
+
+    assertHasMethodRemoved(
+        UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.Builder.class, TestAllTypes.Builder.class, "OneofUint32");
+    assertHasMethodRemoved(
+        UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.Builder.class, TestAllTypes.Builder.class, "OneofString");
+    assertHasMethodRemoved(
+        UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.Builder.class, TestAllTypes.Builder.class, "OneofBytes");
+  }
+
+  public void testOneofEquals() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestAllTypes message1 = builder.build();
+    // Set message2's oneof_uint32 field to defalut value. The two
+    // messages should be different when check with oneof case.
+    builder.setOneofUint32(0);
+    TestAllTypes message2 = builder.build();
+    assertFalse(message1.equals(message2));
+  }
+
+  public void testLazyField() throws Exception {
+    // Test default constructed message.
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    assertFalse(message.hasOptionalLazyMessage());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.toByteString());
+
+    // Set default instance to the field.
+    builder.setOptionalLazyMessage(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertTrue(message.hasOptionalLazyMessage());
+    assertEquals(2, message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    // Test parse zero-length from wire sets the presence.
+    TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertTrue(parsed.hasOptionalLazyMessage());
+    assertEquals(message.getOptionalLazyMessage(), parsed.getOptionalLazyMessage());
+  }
+
+  public void testFieldPresence() {
+    // Optional non-message fields set to their default value are treated the
+    // same way as not set.
+
+    // Serialization will ignore such fields.
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.setOptionalInt32(0);
+    builder.setOptionalString("");
+    builder.setOptionalBytes(ByteString.EMPTY);
+    builder.setOptionalNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    // mergeFrom() will ignore such fields.
+    TestAllTypes.Builder a = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    a.setOptionalInt32(1);
+    a.setOptionalString("x");
+    a.setOptionalBytes(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("y"));
+    a.setOptionalNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR);
+    TestAllTypes.Builder b = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    b.setOptionalInt32(0);
+    b.setOptionalString("");
+    b.setOptionalBytes(ByteString.EMPTY);
+    b.setOptionalNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    a.mergeFrom(b.build());
+    message = a.build();
+    assertEquals(1, message.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals("x", message.getOptionalString());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("y"), message.getOptionalBytes());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+
+    // equals()/hashCode() should produce the same results.
+    TestAllTypes empty = TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance();
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message, empty);
+    assertEquals(empty, message);
+    assertEquals(empty.hashCode(), message.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testFieldPresenceByReflection() {
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    FieldDescriptor optionalInt32Field = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_int32");
+    FieldDescriptor optionalStringField = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_string");
+    FieldDescriptor optionalBytesField = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_bytes");
+    FieldDescriptor optionalNestedEnumField = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
+
+    // Field not present.
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance();
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalInt32Field));
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalStringField));
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalBytesField));
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalNestedEnumField));
+    assertEquals(0, message.getAllFields().size());
+
+    // Field set to default value is seen as not present.
+    message =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalInt32(0)
+            .setOptionalString("")
+            .setOptionalBytes(ByteString.EMPTY)
+            .setOptionalNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO)
+            .build();
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalInt32Field));
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalStringField));
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalBytesField));
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalNestedEnumField));
+    assertEquals(0, message.getAllFields().size());
+
+    // Field set to non-default value is seen as present.
+    message =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalInt32(1)
+            .setOptionalString("x")
+            .setOptionalBytes(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("y"))
+            .setOptionalNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR)
+            .build();
+    assertTrue(message.hasField(optionalInt32Field));
+    assertTrue(message.hasField(optionalStringField));
+    assertTrue(message.hasField(optionalBytesField));
+    assertTrue(message.hasField(optionalNestedEnumField));
+    assertEquals(4, message.getAllFields().size());
+  }
+
+  public void testFieldPresenceDynamicMessage() {
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    FieldDescriptor optionalInt32Field = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_int32");
+    FieldDescriptor optionalStringField = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_string");
+    FieldDescriptor optionalBytesField = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_bytes");
+    FieldDescriptor optionalNestedEnumField = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
+    EnumDescriptor enumDescriptor = optionalNestedEnumField.getEnumType();
+    EnumValueDescriptor defaultEnumValueDescriptor = enumDescriptor.getValues().get(0);
+    EnumValueDescriptor nonDefaultEnumValueDescriptor = enumDescriptor.getValues().get(1);
+
+    DynamicMessage defaultInstance = DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(descriptor);
+    // Field not present.
+    DynamicMessage message = defaultInstance.newBuilderForType().build();
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalInt32Field));
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalStringField));
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalBytesField));
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalNestedEnumField));
+    assertEquals(0, message.getAllFields().size());
+
+    // Field set to non-default value is seen as present.
+    message =
+        defaultInstance
+            .newBuilderForType()
+            .setField(optionalInt32Field, 1)
+            .setField(optionalStringField, "x")
+            .setField(optionalBytesField, ByteString.copyFromUtf8("y"))
+            .setField(optionalNestedEnumField, nonDefaultEnumValueDescriptor)
+            .build();
+    assertTrue(message.hasField(optionalInt32Field));
+    assertTrue(message.hasField(optionalStringField));
+    assertTrue(message.hasField(optionalBytesField));
+    assertTrue(message.hasField(optionalNestedEnumField));
+    assertEquals(4, message.getAllFields().size());
+
+    // Field set to default value is seen as not present.
+    message =
+        message
+            .toBuilder()
+            .setField(optionalInt32Field, 0)
+            .setField(optionalStringField, "")
+            .setField(optionalBytesField, ByteString.EMPTY)
+            .setField(optionalNestedEnumField, defaultEnumValueDescriptor)
+            .build();
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalInt32Field));
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalStringField));
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalBytesField));
+    assertFalse(message.hasField(optionalNestedEnumField));
+    assertEquals(0, message.getAllFields().size());
+  }
+
+  public void testMessageField() {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    assertFalse(builder.hasOptionalNestedMessage());
+    assertFalse(builder.build().hasOptionalNestedMessage());
+
+    TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.Builder nestedBuilder = builder.getOptionalNestedMessageBuilder();
+    assertTrue(builder.hasOptionalNestedMessage());
+    assertTrue(builder.build().hasOptionalNestedMessage());
+
+    nestedBuilder.setValue(1);
+    assertEquals(1, builder.build().getOptionalNestedMessage().getValue());
+
+    builder.clearOptionalNestedMessage();
+    assertFalse(builder.hasOptionalNestedMessage());
+    assertFalse(builder.build().hasOptionalNestedMessage());
+
+    // Unlike non-message fields, if we set a message field to its default value (i.e.,
+    // default instance), the field should be seen as present.
+    builder.setOptionalNestedMessage(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertTrue(builder.hasOptionalNestedMessage());
+    assertTrue(builder.build().hasOptionalNestedMessage());
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeAndParse() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.setOptionalInt32(1234);
+    builder.setOptionalString("hello");
+    builder.setOptionalNestedMessage(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+    // Set an oneof field to its default value and expect it to be serialized (i.e.,
+    // an oneof field set to the default value should be treated as present).
+    builder.setOneofInt32(0);
+    ByteString data = builder.build().toByteString();
+
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(data);
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals("hello", message.getOptionalString());
+    // Fields not set will have the default value.
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getOptionalBytes());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, message.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+    // The message field is set despite that it's set with a default instance.
+    assertTrue(message.hasOptionalNestedMessage());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalNestedMessage().getValue());
+    // The oneof field set to its default value is also present.
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_INT32, message.getOneofFieldCase());
+  }
+
+  // Regression test for b/16173397
+  // Make sure we haven't screwed up the code generation for repeated fields.
+  public void testRepeatedFields() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.setOptionalInt32(1234);
+    builder.setOptionalString("hello");
+    builder.setOptionalNestedMessage(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(4321);
+    builder.addRepeatedString("world");
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedMessage(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+    ByteString data = builder.build().toByteString();
+
+    TestOptionalFieldsOnly optionalOnlyMessage = TestOptionalFieldsOnly.parseFrom(data);
+    assertEquals(1234, optionalOnlyMessage.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals("hello", optionalOnlyMessage.getOptionalString());
+    assertTrue(optionalOnlyMessage.hasOptionalNestedMessage());
+    assertEquals(0, optionalOnlyMessage.getOptionalNestedMessage().getValue());
+
+    TestRepeatedFieldsOnly repeatedOnlyMessage = TestRepeatedFieldsOnly.parseFrom(data);
+    assertEquals(1, repeatedOnlyMessage.getRepeatedInt32Count());
+    assertEquals(4321, repeatedOnlyMessage.getRepeatedInt32(0));
+    assertEquals(1, repeatedOnlyMessage.getRepeatedStringCount());
+    assertEquals("world", repeatedOnlyMessage.getRepeatedString(0));
+    assertEquals(1, repeatedOnlyMessage.getRepeatedNestedMessageCount());
+    assertEquals(0, repeatedOnlyMessage.getRepeatedNestedMessage(0).getValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testIsInitialized() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+
+    // Test optional proto2 message fields.
+    UnittestProto.TestRequired.Builder proto2Builder = builder.getOptionalProto2MessageBuilder();
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    assertFalse(builder.buildPartial().isInitialized());
+
+    proto2Builder.setA(1).setB(2).setC(3);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+    assertTrue(builder.buildPartial().isInitialized());
+
+    // Test oneof proto2 message fields.
+    proto2Builder = builder.getOneofProto2MessageBuilder();
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    assertFalse(builder.buildPartial().isInitialized());
+
+    proto2Builder.setA(1).setB(2).setC(3);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+    assertTrue(builder.buildPartial().isInitialized());
+
+    // Test repeated proto2 message fields.
+    proto2Builder = builder.addRepeatedProto2MessageBuilder();
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    assertFalse(builder.buildPartial().isInitialized());
+
+    proto2Builder.setA(1).setB(2).setC(3);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+    assertTrue(builder.buildPartial().isInitialized());
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/FloatArrayListTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/FloatArrayListTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77a2839b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/FloatArrayListTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.FloatList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link FloatArrayList}.
+ *
+ * @author dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+ */
+public class FloatArrayListTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final FloatArrayList UNARY_LIST = newImmutableFloatArrayList(1);
+  private static final FloatArrayList TERTIARY_LIST = newImmutableFloatArrayList(1, 2, 3);
+
+  private FloatArrayList list;
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    list = new FloatArrayList();
+  }
+
+  public void testEmptyListReturnsSameInstance() {
+    assertSame(FloatArrayList.emptyList(), FloatArrayList.emptyList());
+  }
+
+  public void testEmptyListIsImmutable() {
+    assertImmutable(FloatArrayList.emptyList());
+  }
+
+  public void testMakeImmutable() {
+    list.addFloat(3);
+    list.addFloat(4);
+    list.addFloat(5);
+    list.addFloat(7);
+    list.makeImmutable();
+    assertImmutable(list);
+  }
+
+  public void testModificationWithIteration() {
+    list.addAll(asList(1F, 2F, 3F, 4F));
+    Iterator<Float> iterator = list.iterator();
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+    assertEquals(1F, (float) list.get(0), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(1F, (float) iterator.next(), 0.0f);
+    list.set(0, 1F);
+    assertEquals(2F, (float) iterator.next(), 0.0f);
+
+    list.remove(0);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    iterator = list.iterator();
+    list.add(0, 0F);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGet() {
+    assertEquals(1F, (float) TERTIARY_LIST.get(0), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(2F, (float) TERTIARY_LIST.get(1), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(3F, (float) TERTIARY_LIST.get(2), 0.0f);
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetFloat() {
+    assertEquals(1F, TERTIARY_LIST.getFloat(0), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(2F, TERTIARY_LIST.getFloat(1), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(3F, TERTIARY_LIST.getFloat(2), 0.0f);
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSize() {
+    assertEquals(0, FloatArrayList.emptyList().size());
+    assertEquals(1, UNARY_LIST.size());
+    assertEquals(3, TERTIARY_LIST.size());
+
+    list.addFloat(3);
+    list.addFloat(4);
+    list.addFloat(6);
+    list.addFloat(8);
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+
+    list.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+
+    list.add(17F);
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testSet() {
+    list.addFloat(2);
+    list.addFloat(4);
+
+    assertEquals(2F, (float) list.set(0, 3F), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(3F, list.getFloat(0), 0.0f);
+
+    assertEquals(4F, (float) list.set(1, 0F), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(0F, list.getFloat(1), 0.0f);
+
+    try {
+      list.set(-1, 0F);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(2, 0F);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSetFloat() {
+    list.addFloat(1);
+    list.addFloat(3);
+
+    assertEquals(1F, list.setFloat(0, 0), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(0F, list.getFloat(0), 0.0f);
+
+    assertEquals(3F, list.setFloat(1, 0), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(0F, list.getFloat(1), 0.0f);
+
+    try {
+      list.setFloat(-1, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.setFloat(2, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAdd() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    assertTrue(list.add(2F));
+    assertEquals(asList(2F), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.add(3F));
+    list.add(0, 4F);
+    assertEquals(asList(4F, 2F, 3F), list);
+
+    list.add(0, 1F);
+    list.add(0, 0F);
+    // Force a resize by getting up to 11 elements.
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      list.add(Float.valueOf(5 + i));
+    }
+    assertEquals(asList(0F, 1F, 4F, 2F, 3F, 5F, 6F, 7F, 8F, 9F, 10F), list);
+
+    try {
+      list.add(-1, 5F);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(4, 5F);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAddFloat() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    list.addFloat(2);
+    assertEquals(asList(2F), list);
+
+    list.addFloat(3);
+    assertEquals(asList(2F, 3F), list);
+  }
+
+  public void testAddAll() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(Collections.singleton(1F)));
+    assertEquals(1, list.size());
+    assertEquals(1F, (float) list.get(0), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(1F, list.getFloat(0), 0.0f);
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(asList(2F, 3F, 4F, 5F, 6F)));
+    assertEquals(asList(1F, 2F, 3F, 4F, 5F, 6F), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(TERTIARY_LIST));
+    assertEquals(asList(1F, 2F, 3F, 4F, 5F, 6F, 1F, 2F, 3F), list);
+
+    assertFalse(list.addAll(Collections.<Float>emptyList()));
+    assertFalse(list.addAll(FloatArrayList.emptyList()));
+  }
+
+  public void testEquals() {
+    FloatArrayList list1 = new FloatArrayList();
+    FloatArrayList list2 = new FloatArrayList();
+
+    list1.addFloat(Float.intBitsToFloat(0xff800001));
+    list2.addFloat(Float.intBitsToFloat(0xff800002));
+    assertEquals(list1, list2);
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove() {
+    list.addAll(TERTIARY_LIST);
+    assertEquals(1F, (float) list.remove(0), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(asList(2F, 3F), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.remove(Float.valueOf(3)));
+    assertEquals(asList(2F), list);
+
+    assertFalse(list.remove(Float.valueOf(3)));
+    assertEquals(asList(2F), list);
+
+    assertEquals(2F, (float) list.remove(0), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(asList(), list);
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(0);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRemoveEnd_listAtCapacity() {
+    FloatList toRemove = FloatArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(1);
+    toRemove.addFloat(3);
+    toRemove.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(0, toRemove.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove_listAtCapacity() {
+    FloatList toRemove = FloatArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(2);
+    toRemove.addFloat(3);
+    toRemove.addFloat(4);
+    toRemove.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(1, toRemove.size());
+    assertEquals(4F, (float) toRemove.get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testSublistRemoveEndOfCapacity() {
+    FloatList toRemove = FloatArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(1);
+    toRemove.addFloat(3);
+    toRemove.subList(0, 1).clear();
+    assertEquals(0, toRemove.size());
+  }
+
+  private void assertImmutable(FloatList list) {
+    if (list.contains(1F)) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Cannot test the immutability of lists that contain 1.");
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(1F);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(0, 1F);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(Collections.<Float>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(Collections.singletonList(1F));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(new FloatArrayList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, Collections.singleton(1F));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, Collections.<Float>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addFloat(0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.clear();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(new Object());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(Collections.<Float>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(Collections.singleton(1F));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(Collections.<Float>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(Collections.singleton(1F));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(0, 0F);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.setFloat(0, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static FloatArrayList newImmutableFloatArrayList(float... elements) {
+    FloatArrayList list = new FloatArrayList();
+    for (float element : elements) {
+      list.addFloat(element);
+    }
+    list.makeImmutable();
+    return list;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ForceFieldBuildersPreRun.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ForceFieldBuildersPreRun.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..baa6d0867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ForceFieldBuildersPreRun.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/**
+ * A prerun for a test suite that allows running the full protocol buffer tests in a mode that
+ * disables the optimization for not using {@link RepeatedFieldBuilder} and {@link
+ * SingleFieldBuilder} until they are requested. This allows us to run all the tests through both
+ * code paths and ensures that both code paths produce identical results.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class ForceFieldBuildersPreRun implements Runnable {
+
+  @Override
+  public void run() {
+    GeneratedMessage.enableAlwaysUseFieldBuildersForTesting();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9261a3612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1784 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.test.UnittestImport;
+import protobuf_unittest.EnumWithNoOuter;
+import protobuf_unittest.MessageWithNoOuter;
+import protobuf_unittest.MultipleFilesTestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.NestedExtension.MyNestedExtension;
+import protobuf_unittest.NonNestedExtension;
+import protobuf_unittest.NonNestedExtension.MessageToBeExtended;
+import protobuf_unittest.NonNestedExtension.MyNonNestedExtension;
+import protobuf_unittest.OuterClassNameTest2OuterClass;
+import protobuf_unittest.OuterClassNameTest3OuterClass;
+import protobuf_unittest.OuterClassNameTestOuterClass;
+import protobuf_unittest.ServiceWithNoOuter;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestOptimizeFor.TestOptimizedForSize;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestOptimizeFor.TestOptionalOptimizedForSize;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestOptimizeFor.TestRequiredOptimizedForSize;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignEnum;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessageOrBuilder;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.NestedTestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypesOrBuilder;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestExtremeDefaultValues;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestOneof2;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestUnpackedTypes;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for generated messages and generated code. See also {@link MessageTest}, which tests
+ * some generated message functionality.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class GeneratedMessageTest extends TestCase {
+  TestUtil.ReflectionTester reflectionTester =
+      new TestUtil.ReflectionTester(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), null);
+
+  @Override
+  public void tearDown() {
+    GeneratedMessageV3.setAlwaysUseFieldBuildersForTesting(false);
+  }
+
+  public void testGetFieldBuilderForExtensionField() {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    Message.Builder fieldBuilder =
+        builder.getFieldBuilder(UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension.getDescriptor());
+    int expected = 7432;
+    FieldDescriptor field =
+        NestedMessage.getDescriptor().findFieldByNumber(NestedMessage.BB_FIELD_NUMBER);
+    fieldBuilder.setField(field, expected);
+    assertEquals(
+        expected,
+        builder.build().getExtension(UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension).getBb());
+
+    // fieldBuilder still updates the builder after builder build() has been called.
+    expected += 100;
+    fieldBuilder.setField(field, expected);
+    assertEquals(
+        expected,
+        builder.build().getExtension(UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension).getBb());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetFieldBuilderWithExistingMessage() {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    builder.setExtension(
+        UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension,
+        NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(123).build());
+    Message.Builder fieldBuilder =
+        builder.getFieldBuilder(UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension.getDescriptor());
+    int expected = 7432;
+    FieldDescriptor field =
+        NestedMessage.getDescriptor().findFieldByNumber(NestedMessage.BB_FIELD_NUMBER);
+    fieldBuilder.setField(field, expected);
+    assertEquals(
+        expected,
+        builder.build().getExtension(UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension).getBb());
+
+    // fieldBuilder still updates the builder after builder build() has been called.
+    expected += 100;
+    fieldBuilder.setField(field, expected);
+    assertEquals(
+        expected,
+        builder.build().getExtension(UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension).getBb());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetFieldBuilderWithExistingBuilder() {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    NestedMessage.Builder nestedMessageBuilder = NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(123);
+    builder.setField(
+        UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension.getDescriptor(), nestedMessageBuilder);
+    Message.Builder fieldBuilder =
+        builder.getFieldBuilder(UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension.getDescriptor());
+    int expected = 7432;
+    FieldDescriptor field =
+        NestedMessage.getDescriptor().findFieldByNumber(NestedMessage.BB_FIELD_NUMBER);
+    fieldBuilder.setField(field, expected);
+    assertEquals(
+        expected,
+        builder.build().getExtension(UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension).getBb());
+
+    // Existing nestedMessageBuilder will also update builder.
+    expected += 100;
+    nestedMessageBuilder.setBb(expected);
+    assertEquals(
+        expected,
+        builder.build().getExtension(UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension).getBb());
+
+    // fieldBuilder still updates the builder.
+    expected += 100;
+    fieldBuilder.setField(field, expected);
+    assertEquals(
+        expected,
+        builder.build().getExtension(UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension).getBb());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetRepeatedFieldBuilderForExtensionField() {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    builder.addExtension(
+        UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension,
+        NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(123).build());
+    Message.Builder fieldBuilder =
+        builder.getRepeatedFieldBuilder(
+            UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension.getDescriptor(), 0);
+    int expected = 7432;
+    FieldDescriptor field =
+        NestedMessage.getDescriptor().findFieldByNumber(NestedMessage.BB_FIELD_NUMBER);
+    fieldBuilder.setField(field, expected);
+    assertEquals(
+        expected,
+        builder.build().getExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension, 0).getBb());
+
+    // fieldBuilder still updates the builder after builder build() has been called.
+    expected += 100;
+    fieldBuilder.setField(field, expected);
+    assertEquals(
+        expected,
+        builder.build().getExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension, 0).getBb());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetRepeatedFieldBuilderForExistingBuilder() {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    NestedMessage.Builder nestedMessageBuilder = NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(123);
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension.getDescriptor(), nestedMessageBuilder);
+    Message.Builder fieldBuilder =
+        builder.getRepeatedFieldBuilder(
+            UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension.getDescriptor(), 0);
+    int expected = 7432;
+    FieldDescriptor field =
+        NestedMessage.getDescriptor().findFieldByNumber(NestedMessage.BB_FIELD_NUMBER);
+    fieldBuilder.setField(field, expected);
+    assertEquals(
+        expected,
+        builder.build().getExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension, 0).getBb());
+
+    // Existing nestedMessageBuilder will also update builder.
+    expected += 100;
+    nestedMessageBuilder.setBb(expected);
+    assertEquals(
+        expected,
+        builder.build().getExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension, 0).getBb());
+
+    // fieldBuilder still updates the builder.
+    expected += 100;
+    fieldBuilder.setField(field, expected);
+    assertEquals(
+        expected,
+        builder.build().getExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension, 0).getBb());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetExtensionFieldOutOfBound() {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      builder.getRepeatedField(UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension.getDescriptor(), 0);
+      fail("Expected IndexOutOfBoundsException to be thrown");
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.getExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension, 0);
+      fail("Expected IndexOutOfBoundsException to be thrown");
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+    }
+    TestAllExtensions extensionsMessage = builder.build();
+    try {
+      extensionsMessage.getRepeatedField(
+          UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension.getDescriptor(), 0);
+      fail("Expected IndexOutOfBoundsException to be thrown");
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+    }
+    try {
+      extensionsMessage.getExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension, 0);
+      fail("Expected IndexOutOfBoundsException to be thrown");
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testDefaultInstance() throws Exception {
+    assertSame(
+        TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(),
+        TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance().getDefaultInstanceForType());
+    assertSame(
+        TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), TestAllTypes.newBuilder().getDefaultInstanceForType());
+  }
+
+  public void testMessageOrBuilder() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testUsingBuilderMultipleTimes() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    // primitive field scalar and repeated
+    builder.setOptionalSfixed64(100);
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(100);
+    // enum field scalar and repeated
+    builder.setOptionalImportEnum(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR);
+    builder.addRepeatedImportEnum(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR);
+    // proto field scalar and repeated
+    builder.setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(1));
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(1));
+
+    TestAllTypes value1 = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(100, value1.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    assertEquals(100, value1.getRepeatedInt32(0));
+    assertEquals(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR, value1.getOptionalImportEnum());
+    assertEquals(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR, value1.getRepeatedImportEnum(0));
+    assertEquals(1, value1.getOptionalForeignMessage().getC());
+    assertEquals(1, value1.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0).getC());
+
+    // Make sure that builder didn't update previously created values
+    builder.setOptionalSfixed64(200);
+    builder.setRepeatedInt32(0, 200);
+    builder.setOptionalImportEnum(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO);
+    builder.setRepeatedImportEnum(0, UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO);
+    builder.setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(2));
+    builder.setRepeatedForeignMessage(0, ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(2));
+
+    TestAllTypes value2 = builder.build();
+
+    // Make sure value1 didn't change.
+    assertEquals(100, value1.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    assertEquals(100, value1.getRepeatedInt32(0));
+    assertEquals(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR, value1.getOptionalImportEnum());
+    assertEquals(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR, value1.getRepeatedImportEnum(0));
+    assertEquals(1, value1.getOptionalForeignMessage().getC());
+    assertEquals(1, value1.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0).getC());
+
+    // Make sure value2 is correct
+    assertEquals(200, value2.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    assertEquals(200, value2.getRepeatedInt32(0));
+    assertEquals(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO, value2.getOptionalImportEnum());
+    assertEquals(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO, value2.getRepeatedImportEnum(0));
+    assertEquals(2, value2.getOptionalForeignMessage().getC());
+    assertEquals(2, value2.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0).getC());
+  }
+
+  public void testProtosShareRepeatedArraysIfDidntChange() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(100);
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+
+    TestAllTypes value1 = builder.build();
+    TestAllTypes value2 = value1.toBuilder().build();
+
+    assertSame(value1.getRepeatedInt32List(), value2.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    assertSame(value1.getRepeatedForeignMessageList(), value2.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+  }
+
+  public void testRepeatedArraysAreImmutable() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(100);
+    builder.addRepeatedImportEnum(UnittestImport.ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR);
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(builder.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(builder.getRepeatedImportEnumList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(builder.getRepeatedFloatList());
+
+    TestAllTypes value = builder.build();
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedImportEnumList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedFloatList());
+  }
+
+  public void testParsedMessagesAreImmutable() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes value = TestAllTypes.parser().parseFrom(TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteString());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedInt64List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedUint32List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedUint64List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedSint32List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedSint64List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedFixed32List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedFixed64List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedSfixed32List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedSfixed64List());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedFloatList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedDoubleList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedBoolList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedStringList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedBytesList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedGroupList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedNestedMessageList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedImportMessageList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedNestedEnumList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedForeignEnumList());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(value.getRepeatedImportEnumList());
+  }
+
+  private void assertIsUnmodifiable(List<?> list) {
+    if (list == Collections.emptyList()) {
+      // OKAY -- Need to check this b/c EmptyList allows you to call clear.
+    } else {
+      try {
+        list.clear();
+        fail("List wasn't immutable");
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // good
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      builder.setOptionalString(null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.setOptionalBytes(null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.setOptionalNestedMessage((TestAllTypes.NestedMessage) null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.setOptionalNestedMessage((TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.Builder) null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.setOptionalNestedEnum(null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.addRepeatedString(null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.addRepeatedBytes(null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.addRepeatedNestedMessage((TestAllTypes.NestedMessage) null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.addRepeatedNestedMessage((TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.Builder) null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRepeatedSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestUtil.modifyRepeatedFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertRepeatedFieldsModified(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testRepeatedSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+
+    builder.addRepeatedString("one");
+    builder.addRepeatedString("two");
+    try {
+      builder.setRepeatedString(1, null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+
+    builder.addRepeatedBytes(TestUtil.toBytes("one"));
+    builder.addRepeatedBytes(TestUtil.toBytes("two"));
+    try {
+      builder.setRepeatedBytes(1, null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedMessage(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(218).build());
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedMessage(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(456).build());
+    try {
+      builder.setRepeatedNestedMessage(1, (TestAllTypes.NestedMessage) null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.setRepeatedNestedMessage(1, (TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.Builder) null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR);
+    try {
+      builder.setRepeatedNestedEnum(1, null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRepeatedAppend() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+
+    builder.addAllRepeatedInt32(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    builder.addAllRepeatedForeignEnum(Arrays.asList(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ));
+
+    ForeignMessage foreignMessage = ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(12).build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedForeignMessage(Arrays.asList(foreignMessage));
+
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getRepeatedInt32List(), Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    assertEquals(message.getRepeatedForeignEnumList(), Arrays.asList(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ));
+    assertEquals(1, message.getRepeatedForeignMessageCount());
+    assertEquals(12, message.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0).getC());
+  }
+
+  public void testRepeatedAppendRejectsNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+
+    ForeignMessage foreignMessage = ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(12).build();
+    try {
+      builder.addAllRepeatedForeignMessage(Arrays.asList(foreignMessage, (ForeignMessage) null));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.addAllRepeatedForeignEnum(Arrays.asList(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ, null));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.addAllRepeatedString(Arrays.asList("one", null));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.addAllRepeatedBytes(Arrays.asList(TestUtil.toBytes("one"), null));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRepeatedAppendIterateOnlyOnce() throws Exception {
+    // Create a Iterable that can only be iterated once.
+    Iterable<String> stringIterable =
+        new Iterable<String>() {
+          private boolean called = false;
+
+          @Override
+          public Iterator<String> iterator() {
+            if (called) {
+              throw new IllegalStateException();
+            }
+            called = true;
+            return Arrays.asList("one", "two", "three").iterator();
+          }
+        };
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedString(stringIterable);
+    assertEquals(3, builder.getRepeatedStringCount());
+    assertEquals("one", builder.getRepeatedString(0));
+    assertEquals("two", builder.getRepeatedString(1));
+    assertEquals("three", builder.getRepeatedString(2));
+
+    try {
+      builder.addAllRepeatedString(stringIterable);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeFromOtherRejectsNull() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+      builder.mergeFrom((TestAllTypes) null);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSettingForeignMessageUsingBuilder() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            // Pass builder for foreign message instance.
+            .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(123))
+            .build();
+    TestAllTypes expectedMessage =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            // Create expected version passing foreign message instance explicitly.
+            .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(123).build())
+            .build();
+    // TODO(ngd): Upgrade to using real #equals method once implemented
+    assertEquals(expectedMessage.toString(), message.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testSettingRepeatedForeignMessageUsingBuilder() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            // Pass builder for foreign message instance.
+            .addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(456))
+            .build();
+    TestAllTypes expectedMessage =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            // Create expected version passing foreign message instance explicitly.
+            .addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(456).build())
+            .build();
+    assertEquals(expectedMessage.toString(), message.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testDefaults() throws Exception {
+    TestUtil.assertClear(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance());
+    TestUtil.assertClear(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().build());
+
+    TestExtremeDefaultValues message = TestExtremeDefaultValues.getDefaultInstance();
+    assertEquals("\u1234", message.getUtf8String());
+    assertEquals(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, message.getInfDouble(), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, message.getNegInfDouble(), 0.0);
+    assertTrue(Double.isNaN(message.getNanDouble()));
+    assertEquals(Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY, message.getInfFloat(), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, message.getNegInfFloat(), 0.0f);
+    assertTrue(Float.isNaN(message.getNanFloat()));
+    assertEquals("? ? ?? ?? ??? ??/ ??-", message.getCppTrigraph());
+  }
+
+  public void testClear() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.assertClear(builder);
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    builder.clear();
+    TestUtil.assertClear(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionGetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(builder);
+
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    reflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(builder);
+
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    reflectionTester.assertReflectionSettersRejectNull(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionRepeatedSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    reflectionTester.modifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    TestUtil.assertRepeatedFieldsModified(builder);
+
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertRepeatedFieldsModified(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionRepeatedSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    reflectionTester.assertReflectionRepeatedSettersRejectNull(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionDefaults() throws Exception {
+    reflectionTester.assertClearViaReflection(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance());
+    reflectionTester.assertClearViaReflection(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().build());
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionGetOneof() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getOneofs().get(0);
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("oneof_bytes");
+    assertSame(field, builder.getOneofFieldDescriptor(oneof));
+
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    assertSame(field, message.getOneofFieldDescriptor(oneof));
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionClearOneof() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    reflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getOneofs().get(0);
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("oneof_bytes");
+
+    assertTrue(builder.hasOneof(oneof));
+    assertTrue(builder.hasField(field));
+    builder.clearOneof(oneof);
+    assertFalse(builder.hasOneof(oneof));
+    assertFalse(builder.hasField(field));
+  }
+
+  public void testEnumInterface() throws Exception {
+    assertTrue(
+        TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance().getDefaultNestedEnum() instanceof ProtocolMessageEnum);
+  }
+
+  public void testEnumMap() throws Exception {
+    Internal.EnumLiteMap<ForeignEnum> map = ForeignEnum.internalGetValueMap();
+
+    for (ForeignEnum value : ForeignEnum.values()) {
+      assertEquals(value, map.findValueByNumber(value.getNumber()));
+    }
+
+    assertTrue(map.findValueByNumber(12345) == null);
+  }
+
+  public void testParsePackedToUnpacked() throws Exception {
+    TestUnpackedTypes.Builder builder = TestUnpackedTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUnpackedTypes message = builder.mergeFrom(TestUtil.getPackedSet().toByteString()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertUnpackedFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseUnpackedToPacked() throws Exception {
+    TestPackedTypes.Builder builder = TestPackedTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestPackedTypes message = builder.mergeFrom(TestUtil.getUnpackedSet().toByteString()).build();
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Extensions.
+
+  TestUtil.ReflectionTester extensionsReflectionTester =
+      new TestUtil.ReflectionTester(
+          TestAllExtensions.getDescriptor(), TestUtil.getFullExtensionRegistry());
+
+  public void testExtensionMessageOrBuilder() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllExtensions(builder);
+    TestAllExtensions message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testGetBuilderForExtensionField() {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    Message.Builder fieldBuilder =
+        builder.newBuilderForField(UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension.getDescriptor());
+    final int expected = 7432;
+    FieldDescriptor field =
+        NestedMessage.getDescriptor().findFieldByNumber(NestedMessage.BB_FIELD_NUMBER);
+    fieldBuilder.setField(field, expected);
+    assertEquals(expected, fieldBuilder.build().getField(field));
+  }
+
+
+  public void testGetBuilderForNonMessageExtensionField() {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      // This should throw an exception because the extension field is not a message.
+      builder.newBuilderForField(UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension.getDescriptor());
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // This exception is expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionRepeatedSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllExtensions(builder);
+    TestUtil.modifyRepeatedExtensions(builder);
+    TestAllExtensions message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertRepeatedExtensionsModified(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionDefaults() throws Exception {
+    TestUtil.assertExtensionsClear(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance());
+    TestUtil.assertExtensionsClear(TestAllExtensions.newBuilder().build());
+  }
+
+  public void testUnsetRepeatedExtensionGetField() {
+    TestAllExtensions message = TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance();
+    Object value;
+
+    value = message.getField(UnittestProto.repeatedStringExtension.getDescriptor());
+    assertTrue(value instanceof List);
+    assertTrue(((List<?>) value).isEmpty());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable((List<?>) value);
+
+    value = message.getField(UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension.getDescriptor());
+    assertTrue(value instanceof List);
+    assertTrue(((List<?>) value).isEmpty());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable((List<?>) value);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionReflectionGetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllExtensions(builder);
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(builder);
+
+    TestAllExtensions message = builder.build();
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionReflectionSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    extensionsReflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(builder);
+
+    TestAllExtensions message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionReflectionSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertReflectionSettersRejectNull(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionReflectionRepeatedSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    extensionsReflectionTester.setAllFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    extensionsReflectionTester.modifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(builder);
+    TestUtil.assertRepeatedExtensionsModified(builder);
+
+    TestAllExtensions message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertRepeatedExtensionsModified(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionReflectionRepeatedSettersRejectNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertReflectionRepeatedSettersRejectNull(builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionReflectionDefaults() throws Exception {
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertClearViaReflection(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance());
+    extensionsReflectionTester.assertClearViaReflection(TestAllExtensions.newBuilder().build());
+  }
+
+  public void testClearExtension() throws Exception {
+    // clearExtension() is not actually used in TestUtil, so try it manually.
+    assertFalse(
+        TestAllExtensions.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension, 1)
+            .clearExtension(UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension)
+            .hasExtension(UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension));
+    assertEquals(
+        0,
+        TestAllExtensions.newBuilder()
+            .addExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension, 1)
+            .clearExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension)
+            .getExtensionCount(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension));
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionCopy() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions original = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    TestAllExtensions copy = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder(original).build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(copy);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionMergeFrom() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions original =
+        TestAllExtensions.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension, 1)
+            .build();
+    TestAllExtensions merged = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder().mergeFrom(original).build();
+    assertTrue(merged.hasExtension(UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension));
+    assertEquals(1, (int) merged.getExtension(UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension));
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // multiple_files_test
+
+  // Test that custom options of an file level enum are properly initialized.
+  // This test needs to be put before any other access to MultipleFilesTestProto
+  // or messages defined in multiple_files_test.proto because the class loading
+  // order affects initialization process of custom options.
+  public void testEnumValueOptionsInMultipleFilesMode() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(
+        12345,
+        EnumWithNoOuter.FOO
+            .getValueDescriptor()
+            .getOptions()
+            .getExtension(MultipleFilesTestProto.enumValueOption)
+            .intValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testMultipleFilesOption() throws Exception {
+    // We mostly just want to check that things compile.
+    MessageWithNoOuter message =
+        MessageWithNoOuter.newBuilder()
+            .setNested(MessageWithNoOuter.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setI(1))
+            .addForeign(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1))
+            .setNestedEnum(MessageWithNoOuter.NestedEnum.BAZ)
+            .setForeignEnum(EnumWithNoOuter.BAR)
+            .build();
+    assertEquals(message, MessageWithNoOuter.parseFrom(message.toByteString()));
+
+    assertEquals(
+        MultipleFilesTestProto.getDescriptor(), MessageWithNoOuter.getDescriptor().getFile());
+
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field =
+        MessageWithNoOuter.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("foreign_enum");
+    assertEquals(EnumWithNoOuter.BAR.getValueDescriptor(), message.getField(field));
+
+    assertEquals(
+        MultipleFilesTestProto.getDescriptor(), ServiceWithNoOuter.getDescriptor().getFile());
+
+    assertFalse(
+        TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance()
+            .hasExtension(MultipleFilesTestProto.extensionWithOuter));
+  }
+
+  public void testOptionalFieldWithRequiredSubfieldsOptimizedForSize() throws Exception {
+    TestOptionalOptimizedForSize message = TestOptionalOptimizedForSize.getDefaultInstance();
+    assertTrue(message.isInitialized());
+
+    message =
+        TestOptionalOptimizedForSize.newBuilder()
+            .setO(TestRequiredOptimizedForSize.newBuilder().buildPartial())
+            .buildPartial();
+    assertFalse(message.isInitialized());
+
+    message =
+        TestOptionalOptimizedForSize.newBuilder()
+            .setO(TestRequiredOptimizedForSize.newBuilder().setX(5).buildPartial())
+            .buildPartial();
+    assertTrue(message.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testUninitializedExtensionInOptimizedForSize() throws Exception {
+    TestOptimizedForSize.Builder builder = TestOptimizedForSize.newBuilder();
+    builder.setExtension(
+        TestOptimizedForSize.testExtension2,
+        TestRequiredOptimizedForSize.newBuilder().buildPartial());
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    assertFalse(builder.buildPartial().isInitialized());
+
+    builder = TestOptimizedForSize.newBuilder();
+    builder.setExtension(
+        TestOptimizedForSize.testExtension2,
+        TestRequiredOptimizedForSize.newBuilder().setX(10).buildPartial());
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+    assertTrue(builder.buildPartial().isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testToBuilder() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message);
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message.toBuilder().build());
+  }
+
+  public void testFieldConstantValues() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.BB_FIELD_NUMBER, 1);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.OPTIONAL_INT32_FIELD_NUMBER, 1);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.OPTIONALGROUP_FIELD_NUMBER, 16);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE_FIELD_NUMBER, 18);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.OPTIONAL_NESTED_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER, 21);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.REPEATED_INT32_FIELD_NUMBER, 31);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.REPEATEDGROUP_FIELD_NUMBER, 46);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.REPEATED_NESTED_MESSAGE_FIELD_NUMBER, 48);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.REPEATED_NESTED_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER, 51);
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionConstantValues() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.TestRequired.SINGLE_FIELD_NUMBER, 1000);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.TestRequired.MULTI_FIELD_NUMBER, 1001);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.OPTIONAL_INT32_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 1);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.OPTIONALGROUP_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 16);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 18);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.OPTIONAL_NESTED_ENUM_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 21);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.REPEATED_INT32_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 31);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.REPEATEDGROUP_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 46);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.REPEATED_NESTED_MESSAGE_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 48);
+    assertEquals(UnittestProto.REPEATED_NESTED_ENUM_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 51);
+  }
+
+  public void testRecursiveMessageDefaultInstance() throws Exception {
+    UnittestProto.TestRecursiveMessage message =
+        UnittestProto.TestRecursiveMessage.getDefaultInstance();
+    assertTrue(message != null);
+    assertNotNull(message.getA());
+    assertTrue(message.getA().equals(message));
+  }
+
+  public void testSerialize() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes expected = builder.build();
+    ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
+    try {
+      out.writeObject(expected);
+    } finally {
+      out.close();
+    }
+    ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
+    ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
+    TestAllTypes actual = (TestAllTypes) in.readObject();
+    assertEquals(expected, actual);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializePartial() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestAllTypes expected = builder.buildPartial();
+    ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
+    try {
+      out.writeObject(expected);
+    } finally {
+      out.close();
+    }
+    ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
+    ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
+    TestAllTypes actual = (TestAllTypes) in.readObject();
+    assertEquals(expected, actual);
+  }
+
+  public void testDeserializeWithoutClassField() throws Exception {
+    // serialized form for version <=3.6.0
+    // just includes messageClassName and asBytes
+
+    // Int32Value.newBuilder().setValue(123).build()
+    byte[] int32ValueBytes =
+        new byte[] {
+          -84, -19, 0, 5, 115, 114, 0, 55, 99, 111, 109, 46, 103, 111, 111, 103, 108, 101, 46, 112,
+          114, 111, 116, 111, 98, 117, 102, 46, 71, 101, 110, 101, 114, 97, 116, 101, 100, 77, 101,
+          115, 115, 97, 103, 101, 76, 105, 116, 101, 36, 83, 101, 114, 105, 97, 108, 105, 122, 101,
+          100, 70, 111, 114, 109, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 91, 0, 7, 97, 115, 66, 121, 116,
+          101, 115, 116, 0, 2, 91, 66, 76, 0, 16, 109, 101, 115, 115, 97, 103, 101, 67, 108, 97,
+          115, 115, 78, 97, 109, 101, 116, 0, 18, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47,
+          83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 59, 120, 112, 117, 114, 0, 2, 91, 66, -84, -13, 23, -8, 6, 8,
+          84, -32, 2, 0, 0, 120, 112, 0, 0, 0, 2, 8, 123, 116, 0, 30, 99, 111, 109, 46, 103, 111,
+          111, 103, 108, 101, 46, 112, 114, 111, 116, 111, 98, 117, 102, 46, 73, 110, 116, 51, 50,
+          86, 97, 108, 117, 101
+        };
+
+    ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(int32ValueBytes);
+    ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
+    Int32Value int32Value = (Int32Value) in.readObject();
+    assertEquals(123, int32Value.getValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testDeserializeWithClassField() throws Exception {
+    // serialized form for version > 3.6.0
+    // includes messageClass, messageClassName (for compatibility), and asBytes
+
+    // Int32Value.newBuilder().setValue(123).build()
+    byte[] int32ValueBytes =
+        new byte[] {
+          -84, -19, 0, 5, 115, 114, 0, 55, 99, 111, 109, 46, 103, 111, 111, 103, 108, 101, 46, 112,
+          114, 111, 116, 111, 98, 117, 102, 46, 71, 101, 110, 101, 114, 97, 116, 101, 100, 77, 101,
+          115, 115, 97, 103, 101, 76, 105, 116, 101, 36, 83, 101, 114, 105, 97, 108, 105, 122, 101,
+          100, 70, 111, 114, 109, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 3, 91, 0, 7, 97, 115, 66, 121, 116,
+          101, 115, 116, 0, 2, 91, 66, 76, 0, 12, 109, 101, 115, 115, 97, 103, 101, 67, 108, 97,
+          115, 115, 116, 0, 17, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 67, 108, 97, 115,
+          115, 59, 76, 0, 16, 109, 101, 115, 115, 97, 103, 101, 67, 108, 97, 115, 115, 78, 97, 109,
+          101, 116, 0, 18, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110,
+          103, 59, 120, 112, 117, 114, 0, 2, 91, 66, -84, -13, 23, -8, 6, 8, 84, -32, 2, 0, 0, 120,
+          112, 0, 0, 0, 2, 8, 123, 118, 114, 0, 30, 99, 111, 109, 46, 103, 111, 111, 103, 108, 101,
+          46, 112, 114, 111, 116, 111, 98, 117, 102, 46, 73, 110, 116, 51, 50, 86, 97, 108, 117,
+          101, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 66, 0, 21, 109, 101, 109, 111, 105, 122, 101, 100,
+          73, 115, 73, 110, 105, 116, 105, 97, 108, 105, 122, 101, 100, 73, 0, 6, 118, 97, 108, 117,
+          101, 95, 120, 114, 0, 38, 99, 111, 109, 46, 103, 111, 111, 103, 108, 101, 46, 112, 114,
+          111, 116, 111, 98, 117, 102, 46, 71, 101, 110, 101, 114, 97, 116, 101, 100, 77, 101, 115,
+          115, 97, 103, 101, 86, 51, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 76, 0, 13, 117, 110, 107, 110,
+          111, 119, 110, 70, 105, 101, 108, 100, 115, 116, 0, 37, 76, 99, 111, 109, 47, 103, 111,
+          111, 103, 108, 101, 47, 112, 114, 111, 116, 111, 98, 117, 102, 47, 85, 110, 107, 110, 111,
+          119, 110, 70, 105, 101, 108, 100, 83, 101, 116, 59, 120, 112, 116, 0, 30, 99, 111, 109,
+          46, 103, 111, 111, 103, 108, 101, 46, 112, 114, 111, 116, 111, 98, 117, 102, 46, 73, 110,
+          116, 51, 50, 86, 97, 108, 117, 101
+        };
+
+    ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(int32ValueBytes);
+    ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
+    Int32Value int32Value = (Int32Value) in.readObject();
+    assertEquals(123, int32Value.getValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testEnumValues() {
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR_VALUE, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ_VALUE, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO_VALUE, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO.getNumber());
+  }
+
+  public void testNonNestedExtensionInitialization() {
+    assertTrue(
+        NonNestedExtension.nonNestedExtension.getMessageDefaultInstance()
+            instanceof MyNonNestedExtension);
+    assertEquals(
+        "nonNestedExtension", NonNestedExtension.nonNestedExtension.getDescriptor().getName());
+  }
+
+  public void testNestedExtensionInitialization() {
+    assertTrue(
+        MyNestedExtension.recursiveExtension.getMessageDefaultInstance()
+            instanceof MessageToBeExtended);
+    assertEquals(
+        "recursiveExtension", MyNestedExtension.recursiveExtension.getDescriptor().getName());
+  }
+
+  public void testInvalidations() throws Exception {
+    GeneratedMessageV3.setAlwaysUseFieldBuildersForTesting(true);
+    TestAllTypes.NestedMessage nestedMessage1 = TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().build();
+    TestAllTypes.NestedMessage nestedMessage2 = TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().build();
+
+    // Set all three flavors (enum, primitive, message and singular/repeated)
+    // and verify no invalidations fired
+    TestUtil.MockBuilderParent mockParent = new TestUtil.MockBuilderParent();
+
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder =
+        (TestAllTypes.Builder)
+            ((AbstractMessage) TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()).newBuilderForType(mockParent);
+    builder.setOptionalInt32(1);
+    builder.setOptionalNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR);
+    builder.setOptionalNestedMessage(nestedMessage1);
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(1);
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR);
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedMessage(nestedMessage1);
+    assertEquals(0, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+
+    // Now tell it we want changes and make sure it's only fired once
+    // And do this for each flavor
+
+    // primitive single
+    builder.buildPartial();
+    builder.setOptionalInt32(2);
+    builder.setOptionalInt32(3);
+    assertEquals(1, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+
+    // enum single
+    builder.buildPartial();
+    builder.setOptionalNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    builder.setOptionalNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR);
+    assertEquals(2, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+
+    // message single
+    builder.buildPartial();
+    builder.setOptionalNestedMessage(nestedMessage2);
+    builder.setOptionalNestedMessage(nestedMessage1);
+    assertEquals(3, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+
+    // primitive repeated
+    builder.buildPartial();
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(2);
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(3);
+    assertEquals(4, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+
+    // enum repeated
+    builder.buildPartial();
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    assertEquals(5, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+
+    // message repeated
+    builder.buildPartial();
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedMessage(nestedMessage2);
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedMessage(nestedMessage1);
+    assertEquals(6, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testInvalidations_Extensions() throws Exception {
+    TestUtil.MockBuilderParent mockParent = new TestUtil.MockBuilderParent();
+
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder =
+        (TestAllExtensions.Builder)
+            ((AbstractMessage) TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance())
+                .newBuilderForType(mockParent);
+
+    builder.addExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension, 1);
+    builder.setExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension, 0, 2);
+    builder.clearExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension);
+    assertEquals(0, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+
+    // Now tell it we want changes and make sure it's only fired once
+    builder.buildPartial();
+    builder.addExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension, 2);
+    builder.addExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension, 3);
+    assertEquals(1, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+
+    builder.buildPartial();
+    builder.setExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension, 0, 4);
+    builder.setExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension, 1, 5);
+    assertEquals(2, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+
+    builder.buildPartial();
+    builder.clearExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension);
+    builder.clearExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension);
+    assertEquals(3, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testBaseMessageOrBuilder() {
+    // Mostly just makes sure the base interface exists and has some methods.
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.buildPartial();
+    TestAllTypesOrBuilder messageAsInterface = (TestAllTypesOrBuilder) message;
+
+    assertEquals(messageAsInterface.getDefaultBool(), messageAsInterface.getDefaultBool());
+    assertEquals(
+        messageAsInterface.getOptionalDouble(), messageAsInterface.getOptionalDouble(), 0.0);
+  }
+
+  public void testMessageOrBuilderGetters() {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+
+    // single fields
+    assertSame(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getOptionalForeignMessageOrBuilder());
+    ForeignMessage.Builder subBuilder = builder.getOptionalForeignMessageBuilder();
+    assertSame(subBuilder, builder.getOptionalForeignMessageOrBuilder());
+
+    // repeated fields
+    ForeignMessage m0 = ForeignMessage.newBuilder().buildPartial();
+    ForeignMessage m1 = ForeignMessage.newBuilder().buildPartial();
+    ForeignMessage m2 = ForeignMessage.newBuilder().buildPartial();
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(m0);
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(m1);
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(m2);
+    assertSame(m0, builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageOrBuilder(0));
+    assertSame(m1, builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageOrBuilder(1));
+    assertSame(m2, builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageOrBuilder(2));
+    ForeignMessage.Builder b0 = builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageBuilder(0);
+    ForeignMessage.Builder b1 = builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageBuilder(1);
+    assertSame(b0, builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageOrBuilder(0));
+    assertSame(b1, builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageOrBuilder(1));
+    assertSame(m2, builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageOrBuilder(2));
+
+    List<? extends ForeignMessageOrBuilder> messageOrBuilderList =
+        builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageOrBuilderList();
+    assertSame(b0, messageOrBuilderList.get(0));
+    assertSame(b1, messageOrBuilderList.get(1));
+    assertSame(m2, messageOrBuilderList.get(2));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetFieldBuilder() {
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+
+    FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+    FieldDescriptor foreignFieldDescriptor = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_foreign_message");
+    FieldDescriptor importFieldDescriptor = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_import_message");
+
+    // Mutate the message with new field builder
+    // Mutate nested message
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder1 = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    Message.Builder fieldBuilder1 =
+        builder1
+            .newBuilderForField(fieldDescriptor)
+            .mergeFrom((Message) builder1.getField(fieldDescriptor));
+    FieldDescriptor subFieldDescriptor1 =
+        fieldBuilder1.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("bb");
+    fieldBuilder1.setField(subFieldDescriptor1, 1);
+    builder1.setField(fieldDescriptor, fieldBuilder1.build());
+
+    // Mutate foreign message
+    Message.Builder foreignFieldBuilder1 =
+        builder1
+            .newBuilderForField(foreignFieldDescriptor)
+            .mergeFrom((Message) builder1.getField(foreignFieldDescriptor));
+    FieldDescriptor subForeignFieldDescriptor1 =
+        foreignFieldBuilder1.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("c");
+    foreignFieldBuilder1.setField(subForeignFieldDescriptor1, 2);
+    builder1.setField(foreignFieldDescriptor, foreignFieldBuilder1.build());
+
+    // Mutate import message
+    Message.Builder importFieldBuilder1 =
+        builder1
+            .newBuilderForField(importFieldDescriptor)
+            .mergeFrom((Message) builder1.getField(importFieldDescriptor));
+    FieldDescriptor subImportFieldDescriptor1 =
+        importFieldBuilder1.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("d");
+    importFieldBuilder1.setField(subImportFieldDescriptor1, 3);
+    builder1.setField(importFieldDescriptor, importFieldBuilder1.build());
+
+    Message newMessage1 = builder1.build();
+
+    // Mutate the message with existing field builder
+    // Mutate nested message
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder2 = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    Message.Builder fieldBuilder2 = builder2.getFieldBuilder(fieldDescriptor);
+    FieldDescriptor subFieldDescriptor2 =
+        fieldBuilder2.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("bb");
+    fieldBuilder2.setField(subFieldDescriptor2, 1);
+    builder2.setField(fieldDescriptor, fieldBuilder2.build());
+
+    // Mutate foreign message
+    Message.Builder foreignFieldBuilder2 =
+        builder2
+            .newBuilderForField(foreignFieldDescriptor)
+            .mergeFrom((Message) builder2.getField(foreignFieldDescriptor));
+    FieldDescriptor subForeignFieldDescriptor2 =
+        foreignFieldBuilder2.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("c");
+    foreignFieldBuilder2.setField(subForeignFieldDescriptor2, 2);
+    builder2.setField(foreignFieldDescriptor, foreignFieldBuilder2.build());
+
+    // Mutate import message
+    Message.Builder importFieldBuilder2 =
+        builder2
+            .newBuilderForField(importFieldDescriptor)
+            .mergeFrom((Message) builder2.getField(importFieldDescriptor));
+    FieldDescriptor subImportFieldDescriptor2 =
+        importFieldBuilder2.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("d");
+    importFieldBuilder2.setField(subImportFieldDescriptor2, 3);
+    builder2.setField(importFieldDescriptor, importFieldBuilder2.build());
+
+    Message newMessage2 = builder2.build();
+
+    // These two messages should be equal.
+    assertEquals(newMessage1, newMessage2);
+  }
+
+  public void testGetFieldBuilderWithInitializedValue() {
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+
+    // Before setting field, builder is initialized by default value.
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    NestedMessage.Builder fieldBuilder =
+        (NestedMessage.Builder) builder.getFieldBuilder(fieldDescriptor);
+    assertEquals(0, fieldBuilder.getBb());
+
+    // Setting field value with new field builder instance.
+    builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    NestedMessage.Builder newFieldBuilder = builder.getOptionalNestedMessageBuilder();
+    newFieldBuilder.setBb(2);
+    // Then get the field builder instance by getFieldBuilder().
+    fieldBuilder = (NestedMessage.Builder) builder.getFieldBuilder(fieldDescriptor);
+    // It should contain new value.
+    assertEquals(2, fieldBuilder.getBb());
+    // These two builder should be equal.
+    assertSame(fieldBuilder, newFieldBuilder);
+  }
+
+  public void testGetFieldBuilderNotSupportedException() {
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      builder.getFieldBuilder(descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_int32"));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.getFieldBuilder(descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_nested_enum"));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.getFieldBuilder(descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_int32"));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.getFieldBuilder(descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_nested_enum"));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.getFieldBuilder(descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_nested_message"));
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Test that when the default outer class name conflicts with another type
+  // defined in the proto the compiler will append a suffix to avoid the
+  // conflict.
+  public void testConflictingOuterClassName() {
+    // We just need to make sure we can refer to the outer class with the
+    // expected name. There is nothing else to test.
+    OuterClassNameTestOuterClass.OuterClassNameTest message =
+        OuterClassNameTestOuterClass.OuterClassNameTest.newBuilder().build();
+    assertTrue(
+        message.getDescriptorForType()
+            == OuterClassNameTestOuterClass.OuterClassNameTest.getDescriptor());
+
+    OuterClassNameTest2OuterClass.TestMessage2.NestedMessage.OuterClassNameTest2 message2 =
+        OuterClassNameTest2OuterClass.TestMessage2.NestedMessage.OuterClassNameTest2.newBuilder()
+            .build();
+    assertEquals(0, message2.getSerializedSize());
+
+    OuterClassNameTest3OuterClass.TestMessage3.NestedMessage.OuterClassNameTest3 enumValue =
+        OuterClassNameTest3OuterClass.TestMessage3.NestedMessage.OuterClassNameTest3.DUMMY_VALUE;
+    assertEquals(1, enumValue.getNumber());
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // oneof generated code test
+  public void testOneofEnumCase() throws Exception {
+    TestOneof2 message =
+        TestOneof2.newBuilder().setFooInt(123).setFooString("foo").setFooCord("bar").build();
+    TestUtil.assertAtMostOneFieldSetOneof(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testClearOneof() throws Exception {
+    TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder().setFooInt(123);
+    assertEquals(TestOneof2.FooCase.FOO_INT, builder.getFooCase());
+    builder.clearFoo();
+    assertEquals(TestOneof2.FooCase.FOO_NOT_SET, builder.getFooCase());
+  }
+
+  public void testSetOneofClearsOthers() throws Exception {
+    TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+    TestOneof2 message = builder.setFooInt(123).setFooString("foo").buildPartial();
+    assertTrue(message.hasFooString());
+    TestUtil.assertAtMostOneFieldSetOneof(message);
+
+    message = builder.setFooCord("bar").buildPartial();
+    assertTrue(message.hasFooCord());
+    TestUtil.assertAtMostOneFieldSetOneof(message);
+
+    message = builder.setFooStringPiece("baz").buildPartial();
+    assertTrue(message.hasFooStringPiece());
+    TestUtil.assertAtMostOneFieldSetOneof(message);
+
+    message = builder.setFooBytes(TestUtil.toBytes("qux")).buildPartial();
+    assertTrue(message.hasFooBytes());
+    TestUtil.assertAtMostOneFieldSetOneof(message);
+
+    message = builder.setFooEnum(TestOneof2.NestedEnum.FOO).buildPartial();
+    assertTrue(message.hasFooEnum());
+    TestUtil.assertAtMostOneFieldSetOneof(message);
+
+    message =
+        builder
+            .setFooMessage(TestOneof2.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setQuxInt(234).build())
+            .buildPartial();
+    assertTrue(message.hasFooMessage());
+    TestUtil.assertAtMostOneFieldSetOneof(message);
+
+    message = builder.setFooInt(123).buildPartial();
+    assertTrue(message.hasFooInt());
+    TestUtil.assertAtMostOneFieldSetOneof(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testOneofTypes() throws Exception {
+    // Primitive
+    {
+      TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      assertEquals(builder.getFooInt(), 0);
+      assertFalse(builder.hasFooInt());
+      assertTrue(builder.setFooInt(123).hasFooInt());
+      assertEquals(builder.getFooInt(), 123);
+      TestOneof2 message = builder.buildPartial();
+      assertTrue(message.hasFooInt());
+      assertEquals(message.getFooInt(), 123);
+
+      assertFalse(builder.clearFooInt().hasFooInt());
+      TestOneof2 message2 = builder.build();
+      assertFalse(message2.hasFooInt());
+      assertEquals(0, message2.getFooInt());
+    }
+
+    // Enum
+    {
+      TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      assertEquals(TestOneof2.NestedEnum.FOO, builder.getFooEnum());
+      assertTrue(builder.setFooEnum(TestOneof2.NestedEnum.BAR).hasFooEnum());
+      assertEquals(TestOneof2.NestedEnum.BAR, builder.getFooEnum());
+      TestOneof2 message = builder.buildPartial();
+      assertTrue(message.hasFooEnum());
+      assertEquals(TestOneof2.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getFooEnum());
+
+      assertFalse(builder.clearFooEnum().hasFooEnum());
+      TestOneof2 message2 = builder.build();
+      assertFalse(message2.hasFooEnum());
+      assertEquals(TestOneof2.NestedEnum.FOO, message2.getFooEnum());
+    }
+
+    // String
+    {
+      TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      assertEquals("", builder.getFooString());
+      builder.setFooString("foo");
+      assertTrue(builder.hasFooString());
+      assertEquals("foo", builder.getFooString());
+      TestOneof2 message = builder.buildPartial();
+      assertTrue(message.hasFooString());
+      assertEquals("foo", message.getFooString());
+      assertEquals(message.getFooStringBytes(), TestUtil.toBytes("foo"));
+
+      assertFalse(builder.clearFooString().hasFooString());
+      TestOneof2 message2 = builder.buildPartial();
+      assertFalse(message2.hasFooString());
+      assertEquals("", message2.getFooString());
+      assertEquals(message2.getFooStringBytes(), TestUtil.toBytes(""));
+
+      // Get method should not change the oneof value.
+      builder.setFooInt(123);
+      assertEquals("", builder.getFooString());
+      assertEquals(builder.getFooStringBytes(), TestUtil.toBytes(""));
+      assertEquals(123, builder.getFooInt());
+
+      message = builder.build();
+      assertEquals("", message.getFooString());
+      assertEquals(message.getFooStringBytes(), TestUtil.toBytes(""));
+      assertEquals(123, message.getFooInt());
+    }
+
+    // Cord
+    {
+      TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      assertEquals("", builder.getFooCord());
+      builder.setFooCord("foo");
+      assertTrue(builder.hasFooCord());
+      assertEquals("foo", builder.getFooCord());
+      TestOneof2 message = builder.buildPartial();
+      assertTrue(message.hasFooCord());
+      assertEquals("foo", message.getFooCord());
+      assertEquals(message.getFooCordBytes(), TestUtil.toBytes("foo"));
+
+      assertFalse(builder.clearFooCord().hasFooCord());
+      TestOneof2 message2 = builder.build();
+      assertFalse(message2.hasFooCord());
+      assertEquals("", message2.getFooCord());
+      assertEquals(message2.getFooCordBytes(), TestUtil.toBytes(""));
+    }
+
+    // StringPiece
+    {
+      TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      assertEquals("", builder.getFooStringPiece());
+      builder.setFooStringPiece("foo");
+      assertTrue(builder.hasFooStringPiece());
+      assertEquals("foo", builder.getFooStringPiece());
+      TestOneof2 message = builder.buildPartial();
+      assertTrue(message.hasFooStringPiece());
+      assertEquals("foo", message.getFooStringPiece());
+      assertEquals(message.getFooStringPieceBytes(), TestUtil.toBytes("foo"));
+
+      assertFalse(builder.clearFooStringPiece().hasFooStringPiece());
+      TestOneof2 message2 = builder.build();
+      assertFalse(message2.hasFooStringPiece());
+      assertEquals("", message2.getFooStringPiece());
+      assertEquals(message2.getFooStringPieceBytes(), TestUtil.toBytes(""));
+    }
+
+    // Message
+    {
+      // set
+      TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      assertEquals(0, builder.getFooMessage().getQuxInt());
+      builder.setFooMessage(TestOneof2.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setQuxInt(234).build());
+      assertTrue(builder.hasFooMessage());
+      assertEquals(234, builder.getFooMessage().getQuxInt());
+      TestOneof2 message = builder.buildPartial();
+      assertTrue(message.hasFooMessage());
+      assertEquals(234, message.getFooMessage().getQuxInt());
+
+      // clear
+      assertFalse(builder.clearFooMessage().hasFooString());
+      message = builder.build();
+      assertFalse(message.hasFooMessage());
+      assertEquals(0, message.getFooMessage().getQuxInt());
+
+      // nested builder
+      builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      assertSame(builder.getFooMessageOrBuilder(), TestOneof2.NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+      assertFalse(builder.hasFooMessage());
+      builder.getFooMessageBuilder().setQuxInt(123);
+      assertTrue(builder.hasFooMessage());
+      assertEquals(123, builder.getFooMessage().getQuxInt());
+      message = builder.build();
+      assertTrue(message.hasFooMessage());
+      assertEquals(123, message.getFooMessage().getQuxInt());
+    }
+
+    // LazyMessage is tested in LazyMessageLiteTest.java
+  }
+
+  public void testOneofMerge() throws Exception {
+    // Primitive Type
+    {
+      TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      TestOneof2 message = builder.setFooInt(123).build();
+      TestOneof2 message2 = TestOneof2.newBuilder().mergeFrom(message).build();
+      assertTrue(message2.hasFooInt());
+      assertEquals(123, message2.getFooInt());
+    }
+
+    // String
+    {
+      TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      TestOneof2 message = builder.setFooString("foo").build();
+      TestOneof2 message2 = TestOneof2.newBuilder().mergeFrom(message).build();
+      assertTrue(message2.hasFooString());
+      assertEquals("foo", message2.getFooString());
+    }
+
+    // Enum
+    {
+      TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      TestOneof2 message = builder.setFooEnum(TestOneof2.NestedEnum.BAR).build();
+      TestOneof2 message2 = TestOneof2.newBuilder().mergeFrom(message).build();
+      assertTrue(message2.hasFooEnum());
+      assertEquals(TestOneof2.NestedEnum.BAR, message2.getFooEnum());
+    }
+
+    // Message
+    {
+      TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      TestOneof2 message =
+          builder
+              .setFooMessage(TestOneof2.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setQuxInt(234).build())
+              .build();
+      TestOneof2 message2 = TestOneof2.newBuilder().mergeFrom(message).build();
+      assertTrue(message2.hasFooMessage());
+      assertEquals(234, message2.getFooMessage().getQuxInt());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testOneofSerialization() throws Exception {
+    // Primitive Type
+    {
+      TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      TestOneof2 message = builder.setFooInt(123).build();
+      ByteString serialized = message.toByteString();
+      TestOneof2 message2 = TestOneof2.parseFrom(serialized);
+      assertTrue(message2.hasFooInt());
+      assertEquals(123, message2.getFooInt());
+    }
+
+    // String
+    {
+      TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      TestOneof2 message = builder.setFooString("foo").build();
+      ByteString serialized = message.toByteString();
+      TestOneof2 message2 = TestOneof2.parseFrom(serialized);
+      assertTrue(message2.hasFooString());
+      assertEquals("foo", message2.getFooString());
+    }
+
+    // Enum
+    {
+      TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      TestOneof2 message = builder.setFooEnum(TestOneof2.NestedEnum.BAR).build();
+      ByteString serialized = message.toByteString();
+      TestOneof2 message2 = TestOneof2.parseFrom(serialized);
+      assertTrue(message2.hasFooEnum());
+      assertEquals(TestOneof2.NestedEnum.BAR, message2.getFooEnum());
+    }
+
+    // Message
+    {
+      TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+      TestOneof2 message =
+          builder
+              .setFooMessage(TestOneof2.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setQuxInt(234).build())
+              .build();
+      ByteString serialized = message.toByteString();
+      TestOneof2 message2 = TestOneof2.parseFrom(serialized);
+      assertTrue(message2.hasFooMessage());
+      assertEquals(234, message2.getFooMessage().getQuxInt());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testOneofNestedBuilderOnChangePropagation() {
+    NestedTestAllTypes.Builder parentBuilder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = parentBuilder.getPayloadBuilder();
+    builder.getOneofNestedMessageBuilder();
+    assertTrue(builder.hasOneofNestedMessage());
+    assertTrue(parentBuilder.hasPayload());
+    NestedTestAllTypes message = parentBuilder.build();
+    assertTrue(message.hasPayload());
+    assertTrue(message.getPayload().hasOneofNestedMessage());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetRepeatedFieldBuilder() {
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+
+    FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor = descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_nested_message");
+    FieldDescriptor foreignFieldDescriptor = descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_foreign_message");
+    FieldDescriptor importFieldDescriptor = descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_import_message");
+
+    // Mutate the message with new field builder
+    // Mutate nested message
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder1 = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    Message.Builder fieldBuilder1 = builder1.newBuilderForField(fieldDescriptor);
+    FieldDescriptor subFieldDescriptor1 =
+        fieldBuilder1.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("bb");
+    fieldBuilder1.setField(subFieldDescriptor1, 1);
+    builder1.addRepeatedField(fieldDescriptor, fieldBuilder1.build());
+
+    // Mutate foreign message
+    Message.Builder foreignFieldBuilder1 = builder1.newBuilderForField(foreignFieldDescriptor);
+    FieldDescriptor subForeignFieldDescriptor1 =
+        foreignFieldBuilder1.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("c");
+    foreignFieldBuilder1.setField(subForeignFieldDescriptor1, 2);
+    builder1.addRepeatedField(foreignFieldDescriptor, foreignFieldBuilder1.build());
+
+    // Mutate import message
+    Message.Builder importFieldBuilder1 = builder1.newBuilderForField(importFieldDescriptor);
+    FieldDescriptor subImportFieldDescriptor1 =
+        importFieldBuilder1.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("d");
+    importFieldBuilder1.setField(subImportFieldDescriptor1, 3);
+    builder1.addRepeatedField(importFieldDescriptor, importFieldBuilder1.build());
+
+    Message newMessage1 = builder1.build();
+
+    // Mutate the message with existing field builder
+    // Mutate nested message
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder2 = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder2.addRepeatedNestedMessageBuilder();
+    Message.Builder fieldBuilder2 = builder2.getRepeatedFieldBuilder(fieldDescriptor, 0);
+    FieldDescriptor subFieldDescriptor2 =
+        fieldBuilder2.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("bb");
+    fieldBuilder2.setField(subFieldDescriptor2, 1);
+
+    // Mutate foreign message
+    Message.Builder foreignFieldBuilder2 = builder2.newBuilderForField(foreignFieldDescriptor);
+    FieldDescriptor subForeignFieldDescriptor2 =
+        foreignFieldBuilder2.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("c");
+    foreignFieldBuilder2.setField(subForeignFieldDescriptor2, 2);
+    builder2.addRepeatedField(foreignFieldDescriptor, foreignFieldBuilder2.build());
+
+    // Mutate import message
+    Message.Builder importFieldBuilder2 = builder2.newBuilderForField(importFieldDescriptor);
+    FieldDescriptor subImportFieldDescriptor2 =
+        importFieldBuilder2.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("d");
+    importFieldBuilder2.setField(subImportFieldDescriptor2, 3);
+    builder2.addRepeatedField(importFieldDescriptor, importFieldBuilder2.build());
+
+    Message newMessage2 = builder2.build();
+
+    // These two messages should be equal.
+    assertEquals(newMessage1, newMessage2);
+  }
+
+  public void testGetRepeatedFieldBuilderWithInitializedValue() {
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor = descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_nested_message");
+
+    // Before setting field, builder is initialized by default value.
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedMessageBuilder();
+    NestedMessage.Builder fieldBuilder =
+        (NestedMessage.Builder) builder.getRepeatedFieldBuilder(fieldDescriptor, 0);
+    assertEquals(0, fieldBuilder.getBb());
+
+    // Setting field value with new field builder instance.
+    builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    NestedMessage.Builder newFieldBuilder = builder.addRepeatedNestedMessageBuilder();
+    newFieldBuilder.setBb(2);
+    // Then get the field builder instance by getRepeatedFieldBuilder().
+    fieldBuilder = (NestedMessage.Builder) builder.getRepeatedFieldBuilder(fieldDescriptor, 0);
+    // It should contain new value.
+    assertEquals(2, fieldBuilder.getBb());
+    // These two builder should be equal.
+    assertSame(fieldBuilder, newFieldBuilder);
+  }
+
+  public void testGetRepeatedFieldBuilderNotSupportedException() {
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      builder.getRepeatedFieldBuilder(descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_int32"), 0);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.getRepeatedFieldBuilder(descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_nested_enum"), 0);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.getRepeatedFieldBuilder(descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_int32"), 0);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.getRepeatedFieldBuilder(descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_nested_enum"), 0);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.getRepeatedFieldBuilder(descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_nested_message"), 0);
+      fail("Exception was not thrown");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // We expect this exception.
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IntArrayListTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IntArrayListTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51ebc987d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IntArrayListTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.IntList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link IntArrayList}.
+ *
+ * @author dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+ */
+public class IntArrayListTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final IntArrayList UNARY_LIST = newImmutableIntArrayList(1);
+  private static final IntArrayList TERTIARY_LIST = newImmutableIntArrayList(1, 2, 3);
+
+  private IntArrayList list;
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    list = new IntArrayList();
+  }
+
+  public void testEmptyListReturnsSameInstance() {
+    assertSame(IntArrayList.emptyList(), IntArrayList.emptyList());
+  }
+
+  public void testEmptyListIsImmutable() {
+    assertImmutable(IntArrayList.emptyList());
+  }
+
+  public void testMakeImmutable() {
+    list.addInt(3);
+    list.addInt(4);
+    list.addInt(5);
+    list.addInt(7);
+    list.makeImmutable();
+    assertImmutable(list);
+  }
+
+  public void testModificationWithIteration() {
+    list.addAll(asList(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    Iterator<Integer> iterator = list.iterator();
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+    assertEquals(1, (int) list.get(0));
+    assertEquals(1, (int) iterator.next());
+    list.set(0, 1);
+    assertEquals(2, (int) iterator.next());
+
+    list.remove(0);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    iterator = list.iterator();
+    list.add(0, 0);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGet() {
+    assertEquals(1, (int) TERTIARY_LIST.get(0));
+    assertEquals(2, (int) TERTIARY_LIST.get(1));
+    assertEquals(3, (int) TERTIARY_LIST.get(2));
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetInt() {
+    assertEquals(1, TERTIARY_LIST.getInt(0));
+    assertEquals(2, TERTIARY_LIST.getInt(1));
+    assertEquals(3, TERTIARY_LIST.getInt(2));
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSize() {
+    assertEquals(0, IntArrayList.emptyList().size());
+    assertEquals(1, UNARY_LIST.size());
+    assertEquals(3, TERTIARY_LIST.size());
+
+    list.addInt(3);
+    list.addInt(4);
+    list.addInt(6);
+    list.addInt(8);
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+
+    list.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+
+    list.add(17);
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testSet() {
+    list.addInt(2);
+    list.addInt(4);
+
+    assertEquals(2, (int) list.set(0, 3));
+    assertEquals(3, list.getInt(0));
+
+    assertEquals(4, (int) list.set(1, 0));
+    assertEquals(0, list.getInt(1));
+
+    try {
+      list.set(-1, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(2, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSetInt() {
+    list.addInt(1);
+    list.addInt(3);
+
+    assertEquals(1, list.setInt(0, 0));
+    assertEquals(0, list.getInt(0));
+
+    assertEquals(3, list.setInt(1, 0));
+    assertEquals(0, list.getInt(1));
+
+    try {
+      list.setInt(-1, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.setInt(2, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAdd() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    assertTrue(list.add(2));
+    assertEquals(asList(2), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.add(3));
+    list.add(0, 4);
+    assertEquals(asList(4, 2, 3), list);
+
+    list.add(0, 1);
+    list.add(0, 0);
+    // Force a resize by getting up to 11 elements.
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      list.add(Integer.valueOf(5 + i));
+    }
+    assertEquals(asList(0, 1, 4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10), list);
+
+    try {
+      list.add(-1, 5);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(4, 5);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAddInt() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    list.addInt(2);
+    assertEquals(asList(2), list);
+
+    list.addInt(3);
+    assertEquals(asList(2, 3), list);
+  }
+
+  public void testAddAll() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(Collections.singleton(1)));
+    assertEquals(1, list.size());
+    assertEquals(1, (int) list.get(0));
+    assertEquals(1, list.getInt(0));
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(asList(2, 3, 4, 5, 6)));
+    assertEquals(asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(TERTIARY_LIST));
+    assertEquals(asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3), list);
+
+    assertFalse(list.addAll(Collections.<Integer>emptyList()));
+    assertFalse(list.addAll(IntArrayList.emptyList()));
+  }
+
+  public void testEquals() {
+    IntArrayList list1 = new IntArrayList();
+    IntArrayList list2 = new IntArrayList();
+
+    assertEquals(list1, list2);
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove() {
+    list.addAll(TERTIARY_LIST);
+    assertEquals(1, (int) list.remove(0));
+    assertEquals(asList(2, 3), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.remove(Integer.valueOf(3)));
+    assertEquals(asList(2), list);
+
+    assertFalse(list.remove(Integer.valueOf(3)));
+    assertEquals(asList(2), list);
+
+    assertEquals(2, (int) list.remove(0));
+    assertEquals(asList(), list);
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(0);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRemoveEnd_listAtCapacity() {
+    IntList toRemove = IntArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(1);
+    toRemove.addInt(3);
+    toRemove.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(0, toRemove.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove_listAtCapacity() {
+    IntList toRemove = IntArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(2);
+    toRemove.addInt(3);
+    toRemove.addInt(4);
+    toRemove.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(1, toRemove.size());
+    assertEquals(4, (int) toRemove.get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testSublistRemoveEndOfCapacity() {
+    IntList toRemove = IntArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(1);
+    toRemove.addInt(3);
+    toRemove.subList(0, 1).clear();
+    assertEquals(0, toRemove.size());
+  }
+
+  private void assertImmutable(IntList list) {
+    if (list.contains(1)) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Cannot test the immutability of lists that contain 1.");
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(0, 1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(Collections.<Integer>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(Collections.singletonList(1));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(new IntArrayList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, Collections.singleton(1));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, Collections.<Integer>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addInt(0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.clear();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(new Object());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(Collections.<Integer>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(Collections.singleton(1));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(Collections.<Integer>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(Collections.singleton(1));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(0, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.setInt(0, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static IntArrayList newImmutableIntArrayList(int... elements) {
+    IntArrayList list = new IntArrayList();
+    for (int element : elements) {
+      list.addInt(element);
+    }
+    list.makeImmutable();
+    return list;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IsValidUtf8Test.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IsValidUtf8Test.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a737f162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IsValidUtf8Test.java
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.IsValidUtf8TestUtil.DIRECT_NIO_FACTORY;
+import static com.google.protobuf.IsValidUtf8TestUtil.EXPECTED_ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT;
+import static com.google.protobuf.IsValidUtf8TestUtil.EXPECTED_THREE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT;
+import static com.google.protobuf.IsValidUtf8TestUtil.HEAP_NIO_FACTORY;
+import static com.google.protobuf.IsValidUtf8TestUtil.LITERAL_FACTORY;
+import static com.google.protobuf.IsValidUtf8TestUtil.testBytes;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.IsValidUtf8TestUtil.ByteStringFactory;
+import com.google.protobuf.IsValidUtf8TestUtil.Shard;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests cases for {@link ByteString#isValidUtf8()}. This includes three brute force tests that
+ * actually test every permutation of one byte, two byte, and three byte sequences to ensure that
+ * the method produces the right result for every possible byte encoding where "right" means it's
+ * consistent with java's UTF-8 string encoding/decoding such that the method returns true for any
+ * sequence that will round trip when converted to a String and then back to bytes and will return
+ * false for any sequence that will not round trip. See also {@link IsValidUtf8FourByteTest}. It
+ * also includes some other more targeted tests.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ * @author martinrb@google.com (Martin Buchholz)
+ */
+public class IsValidUtf8Test extends TestCase {
+  /** Tests that round tripping of all two byte permutations work. */
+  public void testIsValidUtf8_1Byte() {
+    testBytes(LITERAL_FACTORY, 1, EXPECTED_ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT);
+    testBytes(HEAP_NIO_FACTORY, 1, EXPECTED_ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT);
+    testBytes(DIRECT_NIO_FACTORY, 1, EXPECTED_ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT);
+  }
+
+  /** Tests that round tripping of all two byte permutations work. */
+  public void testIsValidUtf8_2Bytes() {
+    testBytes(LITERAL_FACTORY, 2, IsValidUtf8TestUtil.EXPECTED_TWO_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT);
+    testBytes(HEAP_NIO_FACTORY, 2, IsValidUtf8TestUtil.EXPECTED_TWO_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT);
+    testBytes(DIRECT_NIO_FACTORY, 2, IsValidUtf8TestUtil.EXPECTED_TWO_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT);
+  }
+
+  /** Tests that round tripping of all three byte permutations work. */
+  public void testIsValidUtf8_3Bytes() {
+    // Travis' OOM killer doesn't like this test
+    if (System.getenv("TRAVIS") == null) {
+      testBytes(LITERAL_FACTORY, 3, EXPECTED_THREE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT);
+      testBytes(HEAP_NIO_FACTORY, 3, EXPECTED_THREE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT);
+      testBytes(DIRECT_NIO_FACTORY, 3, EXPECTED_THREE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that round tripping of a sample of four byte permutations work. All permutations are
+   * prohibitively expensive to test for automated runs; {@link IsValidUtf8FourByteTest} is used for
+   * full coverage. This method tests specific four-byte cases.
+   */
+  public void testIsValidUtf8_4BytesSamples() {
+    // Valid 4 byte.
+    assertValidUtf8(0xF0, 0xA4, 0xAD, 0xA2);
+
+    // Bad trailing bytes
+    assertInvalidUtf8(0xF0, 0xA4, 0xAD, 0x7F);
+    assertInvalidUtf8(0xF0, 0xA4, 0xAD, 0xC0);
+
+    // Special cases for byte2
+    assertInvalidUtf8(0xF0, 0x8F, 0xAD, 0xA2);
+    assertInvalidUtf8(0xF4, 0x90, 0xAD, 0xA2);
+  }
+
+  /** Tests some hard-coded test cases. */
+  public void testSomeSequences() {
+    // Empty
+    assertTrue(asBytes("").isValidUtf8());
+
+    // One-byte characters, including control characters
+    assertTrue(asBytes("\u0000abc\u007f").isValidUtf8());
+
+    // Two-byte characters
+    assertTrue(asBytes("\u00a2\u00a2").isValidUtf8());
+
+    // Three-byte characters
+    assertTrue(asBytes("\u020ac\u020ac").isValidUtf8());
+
+    // Four-byte characters
+    assertTrue(asBytes("\u024B62\u024B62").isValidUtf8());
+
+    // Mixed string
+    assertTrue(asBytes("a\u020ac\u00a2b\\u024B62u020acc\u00a2de\u024B62").isValidUtf8());
+
+    // Not a valid string
+    assertInvalidUtf8(-1, 0, -1, 0);
+  }
+
+  private byte[] toByteArray(int... bytes) {
+    byte[] realBytes = new byte[bytes.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+      realBytes[i] = (byte) bytes[i];
+    }
+    return realBytes;
+  }
+
+  private void assertValidUtf8(ByteStringFactory factory, int[] bytes, boolean not) {
+    byte[] realBytes = toByteArray(bytes);
+    assertTrue(not ^ Utf8.isValidUtf8(realBytes));
+    assertTrue(not ^ Utf8.isValidUtf8(realBytes, 0, bytes.length));
+    ByteString leaf = factory.newByteString(realBytes);
+    ByteString sub = leaf.substring(0, bytes.length);
+    assertTrue(not ^ leaf.isValidUtf8());
+    assertTrue(not ^ sub.isValidUtf8());
+    ByteString[] ropes = {
+      RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(ByteString.EMPTY, leaf),
+      RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(ByteString.EMPTY, sub),
+      RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(leaf, ByteString.EMPTY),
+      RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(sub, ByteString.EMPTY),
+      RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(sub, leaf)
+    };
+    for (ByteString rope : ropes) {
+      assertTrue(not ^ rope.isValidUtf8());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertValidUtf8(int... bytes) {
+    assertValidUtf8(LITERAL_FACTORY, bytes, false);
+    assertValidUtf8(HEAP_NIO_FACTORY, bytes, false);
+    assertValidUtf8(DIRECT_NIO_FACTORY, bytes, false);
+  }
+
+  private void assertInvalidUtf8(int... bytes) {
+    assertValidUtf8(LITERAL_FACTORY, bytes, true);
+    assertValidUtf8(HEAP_NIO_FACTORY, bytes, true);
+    assertValidUtf8(DIRECT_NIO_FACTORY, bytes, true);
+  }
+
+  private static ByteString asBytes(String s) {
+    return ByteString.copyFromUtf8(s);
+  }
+
+  public void testShardsHaveExpectedRoundTrippables() {
+    // A sanity check.
+    int actual = 0;
+    for (Shard shard : IsValidUtf8TestUtil.FOUR_BYTE_SHARDS) {
+      actual = (int) (actual + shard.expected);
+    }
+    assertEquals(IsValidUtf8TestUtil.EXPECTED_FOUR_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT, actual);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IsValidUtf8TestUtil.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IsValidUtf8TestUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67d2f5961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IsValidUtf8TestUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.CharBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
+import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;
+import java.nio.charset.CoderResult;
+import java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * Shared testing code for {@link IsValidUtf8Test} and {@link IsValidUtf8FourByteTest}.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ * @author martinrb@google.com (Martin Buchholz)
+ */
+final class IsValidUtf8TestUtil {
+  private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(IsValidUtf8TestUtil.class.getName());
+
+  private IsValidUtf8TestUtil() {}
+
+  static interface ByteStringFactory {
+    ByteString newByteString(byte[] bytes);
+  }
+
+  static final ByteStringFactory LITERAL_FACTORY =
+      new ByteStringFactory() {
+        @Override
+        public ByteString newByteString(byte[] bytes) {
+          return ByteString.wrap(bytes);
+        }
+      };
+
+  static final ByteStringFactory HEAP_NIO_FACTORY =
+      new ByteStringFactory() {
+        @Override
+        public ByteString newByteString(byte[] bytes) {
+          return new NioByteString(ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes));
+        }
+      };
+
+  private static ThreadLocal<SoftReference<ByteBuffer>> directBuffer =
+      new ThreadLocal<SoftReference<ByteBuffer>>();
+
+  /**
+   * Factory for direct {@link ByteBuffer} instances. To reduce direct memory usage, this uses a
+   * thread local direct buffer. This means that each call will overwrite the buffer's contents from
+   * the previous call, so the calling code must be careful not to continue using a buffer returned
+   * from a previous invocation.
+   */
+  static final ByteStringFactory DIRECT_NIO_FACTORY =
+      new ByteStringFactory() {
+        @Override
+        public ByteString newByteString(byte[] bytes) {
+          SoftReference<ByteBuffer> ref = directBuffer.get();
+          ByteBuffer buffer = ref == null ? null : ref.get();
+          if (buffer == null || buffer.capacity() < bytes.length) {
+            buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(bytes.length);
+            directBuffer.set(new SoftReference<ByteBuffer>(buffer));
+          }
+          buffer.clear();
+          buffer.put(bytes);
+          buffer.flip();
+          return new NioByteString(buffer);
+        }
+      };
+
+  // 128 - [chars 0x0000 to 0x007f]
+  static final long ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS = 0x007f - 0x0000 + 1;
+
+  // 128
+  static final long EXPECTED_ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT = ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS;
+
+  // 1920 [chars 0x0080 to 0x07FF]
+  static final long TWO_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS = 0x07FF - 0x0080 + 1;
+
+  // 18,304
+  static final long EXPECTED_TWO_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT =
+      // Both bytes are one byte characters
+      (long) Math.pow(EXPECTED_ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT, 2)
+          +
+          // The possible number of two byte characters
+          TWO_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS;
+
+  // 2048
+  static final long THREE_BYTE_SURROGATES = 2 * 1024;
+
+  // 61,440 [chars 0x0800 to 0xFFFF, minus surrogates]
+  static final long THREE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS =
+      0xFFFF - 0x0800 + 1 - THREE_BYTE_SURROGATES;
+
+  // 2,650,112
+  static final long EXPECTED_THREE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT =
+      // All one byte characters
+      (long) Math.pow(EXPECTED_ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT, 3)
+          +
+          // One two byte character and a one byte character
+          2 * TWO_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS * ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS
+          +
+          // Three byte characters
+          THREE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS;
+
+  // 1,048,576 [chars 0x10000L to 0x10FFFF]
+  static final long FOUR_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS = 0x10FFFF - 0x10000L + 1;
+
+  // 289,571,839
+  static final long EXPECTED_FOUR_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT =
+      // All one byte characters
+      (long) Math.pow(EXPECTED_ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT, 4)
+          +
+          // One and three byte characters
+          2 * THREE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS * ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS
+          +
+          // Two two byte characters
+          TWO_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS * TWO_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS
+          +
+          // Permutations of one and two byte characters
+          3
+              * TWO_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS
+              * ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS
+              * ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS
+          +
+          // Four byte characters
+          FOUR_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_CHARACTERS;
+
+  static final class Shard {
+    final long index;
+    final long start;
+    final long lim;
+    final long expected;
+
+    public Shard(long index, long start, long lim, long expected) {
+      assertTrue(start < lim);
+      this.index = index;
+      this.start = start;
+      this.lim = lim;
+      this.expected = expected;
+    }
+  }
+
+  static final long[] FOUR_BYTE_SHARDS_EXPECTED_ROUNTRIPPABLES =
+      generateFourByteShardsExpectedRunnables();
+
+  private static long[] generateFourByteShardsExpectedRunnables() {
+    long[] expected = new long[128];
+
+    // 0-63 are all 5300224
+    for (int i = 0; i <= 63; i++) {
+      expected[i] = 5300224;
+    }
+
+    // 97-111 are all 2342912
+    for (int i = 97; i <= 111; i++) {
+      expected[i] = 2342912;
+    }
+
+    // 113-117 are all 1048576
+    for (int i = 113; i <= 117; i++) {
+      expected[i] = 1048576;
+    }
+
+    // One offs
+    expected[112] = 786432;
+    expected[118] = 786432;
+    expected[119] = 1048576;
+    expected[120] = 458752;
+    expected[121] = 524288;
+    expected[122] = 65536;
+
+    // Anything not assigned was the default 0.
+    return expected;
+  }
+
+  static final List<Shard> FOUR_BYTE_SHARDS =
+      generateFourByteShards(128, FOUR_BYTE_SHARDS_EXPECTED_ROUNTRIPPABLES);
+
+  private static List<Shard> generateFourByteShards(int numShards, long[] expected) {
+    assertEquals(numShards, expected.length);
+    List<Shard> shards = new ArrayList<Shard>(numShards);
+    long lim = 1L << 32;
+    long increment = lim / numShards;
+    assertTrue(lim % numShards == 0);
+    for (int i = 0; i < numShards; i++) {
+      shards.add(new Shard(i, increment * i, increment * (i + 1), expected[i]));
+    }
+    return shards;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper to run the loop to test all the permutations for the number of bytes specified.
+   *
+   * @param factory the factory for {@link ByteString} instances.
+   * @param numBytes the number of bytes in the byte array
+   * @param expectedCount the expected number of roundtrippable permutations
+   */
+  static void testBytes(ByteStringFactory factory, int numBytes, long expectedCount) {
+    testBytes(factory, numBytes, expectedCount, 0, -1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper to run the loop to test all the permutations for the number of bytes specified. This
+   * overload is useful for debugging to get the loop to start at a certain character.
+   *
+   * @param factory the factory for {@link ByteString} instances.
+   * @param numBytes the number of bytes in the byte array
+   * @param expectedCount the expected number of roundtrippable permutations
+   * @param start the starting bytes encoded as a long as big-endian
+   * @param lim the limit of bytes to process encoded as a long as big-endian, or -1 to mean the max
+   *     limit for numBytes
+   */
+  static void testBytes(
+      ByteStringFactory factory, int numBytes, long expectedCount, long start, long lim) {
+    Random rnd = new Random();
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[numBytes];
+
+    if (lim == -1) {
+      lim = 1L << (numBytes * 8);
+    }
+    long count = 0;
+    long countRoundTripped = 0;
+    for (long byteChar = start; byteChar < lim; byteChar++) {
+      long tmpByteChar = byteChar;
+      for (int i = 0; i < numBytes; i++) {
+        bytes[bytes.length - i - 1] = (byte) tmpByteChar;
+        tmpByteChar = tmpByteChar >> 8;
+      }
+      ByteString bs = factory.newByteString(bytes);
+      boolean isRoundTrippable = bs.isValidUtf8();
+      String s = new String(bytes, Internal.UTF_8);
+      byte[] bytesReencoded = s.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8);
+      boolean bytesEqual = Arrays.equals(bytes, bytesReencoded);
+
+      if (bytesEqual != isRoundTrippable) {
+        outputFailure(byteChar, bytes, bytesReencoded);
+      }
+
+      // Check agreement with static Utf8 methods.
+      assertEquals(isRoundTrippable, Utf8.isValidUtf8(bytes));
+      assertEquals(isRoundTrippable, Utf8.isValidUtf8(bytes, 0, numBytes));
+
+      try {
+        assertEquals(s, Utf8.decodeUtf8(bytes, 0, numBytes));
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        if (isRoundTrippable) {
+          System.out.println("Could not decode utf-8");
+          outputFailure(byteChar, bytes, bytesReencoded);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Test partial sequences.
+      // Partition numBytes into three segments (not necessarily non-empty).
+      int i = rnd.nextInt(numBytes);
+      int j = rnd.nextInt(numBytes);
+      if (j < i) {
+        int tmp = i;
+        i = j;
+        j = tmp;
+      }
+      int state1 = Utf8.partialIsValidUtf8(Utf8.COMPLETE, bytes, 0, i);
+      int state2 = Utf8.partialIsValidUtf8(state1, bytes, i, j);
+      int state3 = Utf8.partialIsValidUtf8(state2, bytes, j, numBytes);
+      if (isRoundTrippable != (state3 == Utf8.COMPLETE)) {
+        System.out.printf("state=%04x %04x %04x i=%d j=%d%n", state1, state2, state3, i, j);
+        outputFailure(byteChar, bytes, bytesReencoded);
+      }
+      assertEquals(isRoundTrippable, (state3 == Utf8.COMPLETE));
+
+      // Test ropes built out of small partial sequences
+      ByteString rope =
+          RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(
+              bs.substring(0, i),
+              RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(bs.substring(i, j), bs.substring(j, numBytes)));
+      assertSame(RopeByteString.class, rope.getClass());
+
+      ByteString[] byteStrings = {bs, bs.substring(0, numBytes), rope};
+      for (ByteString x : byteStrings) {
+        assertEquals(isRoundTrippable, x.isValidUtf8());
+        assertEquals(state3, x.partialIsValidUtf8(Utf8.COMPLETE, 0, numBytes));
+
+        assertEquals(state1, x.partialIsValidUtf8(Utf8.COMPLETE, 0, i));
+        assertEquals(state1, x.substring(0, i).partialIsValidUtf8(Utf8.COMPLETE, 0, i));
+        assertEquals(state2, x.partialIsValidUtf8(state1, i, j - i));
+        assertEquals(state2, x.substring(i, j).partialIsValidUtf8(state1, 0, j - i));
+        assertEquals(state3, x.partialIsValidUtf8(state2, j, numBytes - j));
+        assertEquals(state3, x.substring(j, numBytes).partialIsValidUtf8(state2, 0, numBytes - j));
+      }
+
+      // ByteString reduplication should not affect its UTF-8 validity.
+      ByteString ropeADope = RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(bs, bs.substring(0, numBytes));
+      assertEquals(isRoundTrippable, ropeADope.isValidUtf8());
+
+      if (isRoundTrippable) {
+        countRoundTripped++;
+      }
+      count++;
+      if (byteChar != 0 && byteChar % 1000000L == 0) {
+        logger.info("Processed " + (byteChar / 1000000L) + " million characters");
+      }
+    }
+    logger.info("Round tripped " + countRoundTripped + " of " + count);
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, countRoundTripped);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Variation of {@link #testBytes} that does less allocation using the low-level encoders/decoders
+   * directly. Checked in because it's useful for debugging when trying to process bytes faster, but
+   * since it doesn't use the actual String class, it's possible for incompatibilities to develop
+   * (although unlikely).
+   *
+   * @param factory the factory for {@link ByteString} instances.
+   * @param numBytes the number of bytes in the byte array
+   * @param expectedCount the expected number of roundtrippable permutations
+   * @param start the starting bytes encoded as a long as big-endian
+   * @param lim the limit of bytes to process encoded as a long as big-endian, or -1 to mean the max
+   *     limit for numBytes
+   */
+  static void testBytesUsingByteBuffers(
+      ByteStringFactory factory, int numBytes, long expectedCount, long start, long lim) {
+    CharsetDecoder decoder =
+        Internal.UTF_8
+            .newDecoder()
+            .onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction.REPLACE)
+            .onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction.REPLACE);
+    CharsetEncoder encoder =
+        Internal.UTF_8
+            .newEncoder()
+            .onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction.REPLACE)
+            .onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction.REPLACE);
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[numBytes];
+    int maxChars = (int) (decoder.maxCharsPerByte() * numBytes) + 1;
+    char[] charsDecoded = new char[(int) (decoder.maxCharsPerByte() * numBytes) + 1];
+    int maxBytes = (int) (encoder.maxBytesPerChar() * maxChars) + 1;
+    byte[] bytesReencoded = new byte[maxBytes];
+
+    ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
+    CharBuffer cb = CharBuffer.wrap(charsDecoded);
+    ByteBuffer bbReencoded = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytesReencoded);
+    if (lim == -1) {
+      lim = 1L << (numBytes * 8);
+    }
+    long count = 0;
+    long countRoundTripped = 0;
+    for (long byteChar = start; byteChar < lim; byteChar++) {
+      bb.rewind();
+      bb.limit(bytes.length);
+      cb.rewind();
+      cb.limit(charsDecoded.length);
+      bbReencoded.rewind();
+      bbReencoded.limit(bytesReencoded.length);
+      encoder.reset();
+      decoder.reset();
+      long tmpByteChar = byteChar;
+      for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+        bytes[bytes.length - i - 1] = (byte) tmpByteChar;
+        tmpByteChar = tmpByteChar >> 8;
+      }
+      boolean isRoundTrippable = factory.newByteString(bytes).isValidUtf8();
+      CoderResult result = decoder.decode(bb, cb, true);
+      assertFalse(result.isError());
+      result = decoder.flush(cb);
+      assertFalse(result.isError());
+
+      int charLen = cb.position();
+      cb.rewind();
+      cb.limit(charLen);
+      result = encoder.encode(cb, bbReencoded, true);
+      assertFalse(result.isError());
+      result = encoder.flush(bbReencoded);
+      assertFalse(result.isError());
+
+      boolean bytesEqual = true;
+      int bytesLen = bbReencoded.position();
+      if (bytesLen != numBytes) {
+        bytesEqual = false;
+      } else {
+        for (int i = 0; i < numBytes; i++) {
+          if (bytes[i] != bytesReencoded[i]) {
+            bytesEqual = false;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (bytesEqual != isRoundTrippable) {
+        outputFailure(byteChar, bytes, bytesReencoded, bytesLen);
+      }
+
+      count++;
+      if (isRoundTrippable) {
+        countRoundTripped++;
+      }
+      if (byteChar != 0 && byteChar % 1000000 == 0) {
+        logger.info("Processed " + (byteChar / 1000000) + " million characters");
+      }
+    }
+    logger.info("Round tripped " + countRoundTripped + " of " + count);
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, countRoundTripped);
+  }
+
+  private static void outputFailure(long byteChar, byte[] bytes, byte[] after) {
+    outputFailure(byteChar, bytes, after, after.length);
+  }
+
+  private static void outputFailure(long byteChar, byte[] bytes, byte[] after, int len) {
+    fail(
+        String.format(
+            "Failure: (%s) %s => %s",
+            Long.toHexString(byteChar), toHexString(bytes), toHexString(after, len)));
+  }
+
+  private static String toHexString(byte[] b) {
+    return toHexString(b, b.length);
+  }
+
+  private static String toHexString(byte[] b, int len) {
+    StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
+    s.append("\"");
+    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      if (i > 0) {
+        s.append(" ");
+      }
+      s.append(String.format("%02x", b[i] & 0xFF));
+    }
+    s.append("\"");
+    return s.toString();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldLiteTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldLiteTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c13acae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldLiteTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link LazyFieldLite}.
+ *
+ * @author xiangl@google.com (Xiang Li)
+ */
+public class LazyFieldLiteTest extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testGetValue() {
+    MessageLite message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    LazyFieldLite lazyField = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(message);
+    assertEquals(message, lazyField.getValue(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()));
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    assertNotEqual(message, lazyField.getValue(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetValueEx() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions message = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    LazyFieldLite lazyField = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(message);
+    assertEquals(message, lazyField.getValue(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance()));
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    assertNotEqual(message, lazyField.getValue(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance()));
+  }
+
+  public void testSetValue() {
+    MessageLite message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    LazyFieldLite lazyField = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(message);
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    assertNotEqual(message, lazyField.getValue(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()));
+    message = lazyField.getValue(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance());
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    assertEquals(message, lazyField.getValue(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()));
+  }
+
+  public void testSetValueEx() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions message = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    LazyFieldLite lazyField = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(message);
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    assertNotEqual(message, lazyField.getValue(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance()));
+    MessageLite value = lazyField.getValue(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance());
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    assertEquals(value, lazyField.getValue(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance()));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetSerializedSize() {
+    MessageLite message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    LazyFieldLite lazyField = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(message);
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), lazyField.getSerializedSize());
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    assertNotEqual(message.getSerializedSize(), lazyField.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetSerializedSizeEx() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions message = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    LazyFieldLite lazyField = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(message);
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), lazyField.getSerializedSize());
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    assertNotEqual(message.getSerializedSize(), lazyField.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetByteString() {
+    MessageLite message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    LazyFieldLite lazyField = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(message);
+    assertEquals(message.toByteString(), lazyField.toByteString());
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    assertNotEqual(message.toByteString(), lazyField.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetByteStringEx() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions message = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    LazyFieldLite lazyField = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(message);
+    assertEquals(message.toByteString(), lazyField.toByteString());
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    assertNotEqual(message.toByteString(), lazyField.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeExtensions() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions message = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    LazyFieldLite original = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(message);
+    LazyFieldLite merged = new LazyFieldLite();
+    merged.merge(original);
+    TestAllExtensions value =
+        (TestAllExtensions) merged.getValue(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(message, value);
+  }
+
+  public void testEmptyLazyField() throws Exception {
+    LazyFieldLite field = new LazyFieldLite();
+    assertEquals(0, field.getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, field.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testInvalidProto() throws Exception {
+    // Silently fails and uses the default instance.
+    LazyFieldLite field =
+        new LazyFieldLite(TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry(), ByteString.copyFromUtf8("invalid"));
+    assertEquals(
+        TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), field.getValue(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertEquals(0, field.getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, field.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeBeforeParsing() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message1 = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1).build();
+    LazyFieldLite field1 = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(message1);
+    TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt64(2).build();
+    LazyFieldLite field2 = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(message2);
+
+    field1.merge(field2);
+    TestAllTypes expected =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1).setOptionalInt64(2).build();
+    assertEquals(expected, field1.getValue(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()));
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeOneNotParsed() throws Exception {
+    // Test a few different paths that involve one message that was not parsed.
+    TestAllTypes message1 = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1).build();
+    TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt64(2).build();
+    TestAllTypes expected =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1).setOptionalInt64(2).build();
+
+    LazyFieldLite field1 = LazyFieldLite.fromValue(message1);
+    field1.getValue(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()); // Force parsing.
+    LazyFieldLite field2 = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(message2);
+    field1.merge(field2);
+    assertEquals(expected, field1.getValue(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()));
+
+    // Now reverse which one is parsed first.
+    field1 = LazyFieldLite.fromValue(message1);
+    field2 = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(message2);
+    field2.getValue(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()); // Force parsing.
+    field1.merge(field2);
+    assertEquals(expected, field1.getValue(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()));
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeInvalid() throws Exception {
+    // Test a few different paths that involve one message that was not parsed.
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1).build();
+    LazyFieldLite valid = LazyFieldLite.fromValue(message);
+    LazyFieldLite invalid =
+        new LazyFieldLite(TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry(), ByteString.copyFromUtf8("invalid"));
+    invalid.merge(valid);
+
+    // We swallow the exception and just use the set field.
+    assertEquals(message, invalid.getValue(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()));
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeKeepsExtensionsWhenPossible() throws Exception {
+    // In this test we attempt to only use the empty registry, which will strip out all extensions
+    // when serializing and then parsing. We verify that each code path will attempt to not
+    // serialize and parse a message that was set directly without going through the
+    // extensionRegistry.
+    TestAllExtensions messageWithExtensions =
+        TestAllExtensions.newBuilder().setExtension(optionalInt32Extension, 42).build();
+    TestAllExtensions emptyMessage = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder().build();
+
+    ExtensionRegistryLite emptyRegistry = ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry();
+
+    LazyFieldLite field = LazyFieldLite.fromValue(messageWithExtensions);
+    field.merge(createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(emptyRegistry, emptyMessage));
+    assertEquals(messageWithExtensions, field.getValue(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance()));
+
+    // Now reverse the order of the merging.
+    field = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(emptyRegistry, emptyMessage);
+    field.merge(LazyFieldLite.fromValue(messageWithExtensions));
+    assertEquals(messageWithExtensions, field.getValue(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance()));
+
+    // Now try parsing the empty field first.
+    field = LazyFieldLite.fromValue(messageWithExtensions);
+    LazyFieldLite other = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(emptyRegistry, emptyMessage);
+    other.getValue(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance()); // Force parsing.
+    field.merge(other);
+    assertEquals(messageWithExtensions, field.getValue(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance()));
+
+    // And again reverse.
+    field = createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(emptyRegistry, emptyMessage);
+    field.getValue(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance()); // Force parsing.
+    other = LazyFieldLite.fromValue(messageWithExtensions);
+    field.merge(other);
+    assertEquals(messageWithExtensions, field.getValue(TestAllExtensions.getDefaultInstance()));
+  }
+
+
+  // Help methods.
+
+  private LazyFieldLite createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(MessageLite message) {
+    return createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry(), message);
+  }
+
+  private LazyFieldLite createLazyFieldLiteFromMessage(
+      ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry, MessageLite message) {
+    ByteString bytes = message.toByteString();
+    return new LazyFieldLite(extensionRegistry, bytes);
+  }
+
+  private void changeValue(LazyFieldLite lazyField) {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestUtil.getAllSet().toBuilder();
+    builder.addRepeatedBool(true);
+    MessageLite newMessage = builder.build();
+    lazyField.setValue(newMessage);
+  }
+
+  private void assertNotEqual(Object unexpected, Object actual) {
+    assertFalse(unexpected == actual || (unexpected != null && unexpected.equals(actual)));
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3901e91b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link LazyField}.
+ *
+ * @author xiangl@google.com (Xiang Li)
+ */
+public class LazyFieldTest extends TestCase {
+  public void testHashCode() {
+    MessageLite message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    LazyField lazyField = createLazyFieldFromMessage(message);
+    assertEquals(message.hashCode(), lazyField.hashCode());
+    lazyField.getValue();
+    assertEquals(message.hashCode(), lazyField.hashCode());
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    // make sure two messages have different hash code
+    assertNotEqual(message.hashCode(), lazyField.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testHashCodeEx() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions message = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    LazyField lazyField = createLazyFieldFromMessage(message);
+    assertEquals(message.hashCode(), lazyField.hashCode());
+    lazyField.getValue();
+    assertEquals(message.hashCode(), lazyField.hashCode());
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    // make sure two messages have different hash code
+    assertNotEqual(message.hashCode(), lazyField.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetValue() {
+    MessageLite message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    LazyField lazyField = createLazyFieldFromMessage(message);
+    assertEquals(message, lazyField.getValue());
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    assertNotEqual(message, lazyField.getValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetValueEx() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions message = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    LazyField lazyField = createLazyFieldFromMessage(message);
+    assertEquals(message, lazyField.getValue());
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    assertNotEqual(message, lazyField.getValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testEqualsObject() {
+    MessageLite message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    LazyField lazyField = createLazyFieldFromMessage(message);
+    assertTrue(lazyField.equals(message));
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    assertFalse(lazyField.equals(message));
+    assertFalse(message.equals(lazyField.getValue()));
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("EqualsIncompatibleType") // LazyField.equals() is not symmetric
+  public void testEqualsObjectEx() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions message = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    LazyField lazyField = createLazyFieldFromMessage(message);
+    assertTrue(lazyField.equals(message));
+    changeValue(lazyField);
+    assertFalse(lazyField.equals(message));
+    assertFalse(message.equals(lazyField.getValue()));
+  }
+
+  // Help methods.
+
+  private LazyField createLazyFieldFromMessage(MessageLite message) {
+    ByteString bytes = message.toByteString();
+    return new LazyField(
+        message.getDefaultInstanceForType(), TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry(), bytes);
+  }
+
+  private void changeValue(LazyField lazyField) {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestUtil.getAllSet().toBuilder();
+    builder.addRepeatedBool(true);
+    MessageLite newMessage = builder.build();
+    lazyField.setValue(newMessage);
+  }
+
+  private void assertNotEqual(Object unexpected, Object actual) {
+    assertFalse(unexpected == actual || (unexpected != null && unexpected.equals(actual)));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyMessageLiteTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyMessageLiteTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5880d506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyMessageLiteTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.LazyFieldsLite.LazyExtension;
+import protobuf_unittest.LazyFieldsLite.LazyInnerMessageLite;
+import protobuf_unittest.LazyFieldsLite.LazyMessageLite;
+import protobuf_unittest.LazyFieldsLite.LazyNestedInnerMessageLite;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for messages with lazy fields.
+ *
+ * @author niwasaki@google.com (Naoki Iwasaki)
+ */
+public class LazyMessageLiteTest extends TestCase {
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    super.setUp();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+    super.tearDown();
+  }
+
+  public void testSetValues() {
+    LazyNestedInnerMessageLite nested = LazyNestedInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(3).build();
+    LazyInnerMessageLite inner =
+        LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(2).setNested(nested).build();
+    LazyMessageLite outer =
+        LazyMessageLite.newBuilder()
+            .setNum(1)
+            .setInner(inner)
+            .setOneofNum(123)
+            .setOneofInner(inner)
+            .build();
+
+    assertEquals(1, outer.getNum());
+    assertEquals(421, outer.getNumWithDefault());
+
+    assertEquals(2, outer.getInner().getNum());
+    assertEquals(42, outer.getInner().getNumWithDefault());
+
+    assertEquals(3, outer.getInner().getNested().getNum());
+    assertEquals(4, outer.getInner().getNested().getNumWithDefault());
+
+    assertFalse(outer.hasOneofNum());
+    assertTrue(outer.hasOneofInner());
+
+    assertEquals(2, outer.getOneofInner().getNum());
+    assertEquals(42, outer.getOneofInner().getNumWithDefault());
+    assertEquals(3, outer.getOneofInner().getNested().getNum());
+    assertEquals(4, outer.getOneofInner().getNested().getNumWithDefault());
+  }
+
+  public void testSetRepeatedValues() {
+    LazyMessageLite outer =
+        LazyMessageLite.newBuilder()
+            .setNum(1)
+            .addRepeatedInner(LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(119))
+            .addRepeatedInner(LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(122))
+            .build();
+
+    assertEquals(1, outer.getNum());
+    assertEquals(2, outer.getRepeatedInnerCount());
+    assertEquals(119, outer.getRepeatedInner(0).getNum());
+    assertEquals(122, outer.getRepeatedInner(1).getNum());
+  }
+
+  public void testRepeatedMutability() throws Exception {
+    LazyMessageLite outer =
+        LazyMessageLite.newBuilder()
+            .addRepeatedInner(LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(119))
+            .addRepeatedInner(LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(122))
+            .build();
+
+    outer = LazyMessageLite.parseFrom(outer.toByteArray());
+    try {
+      outer.getRepeatedInnerList().set(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAddAll() {
+    ArrayList<LazyInnerMessageLite> inners = new ArrayList<>();
+    int count = 4;
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      LazyInnerMessageLite inner = LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(i).build();
+      inners.add(inner);
+    }
+
+    LazyMessageLite outer = LazyMessageLite.newBuilder().addAllRepeatedInner(inners).build();
+    assertEquals(count, outer.getRepeatedInnerCount());
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      assertEquals(i, outer.getRepeatedInner(i).getNum());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetDefaultValues() {
+    LazyMessageLite outer = LazyMessageLite.getDefaultInstance();
+
+    assertEquals(0, outer.getNum());
+    assertEquals(421, outer.getNumWithDefault());
+
+    assertEquals(0, outer.getInner().getNum());
+    assertEquals(42, outer.getInner().getNumWithDefault());
+
+    assertEquals(0, outer.getInner().getNested().getNum());
+    assertEquals(4, outer.getInner().getNested().getNumWithDefault());
+
+    assertEquals(0, outer.getOneofNum());
+
+    assertEquals(0, outer.getOneofInner().getNum());
+    assertEquals(42, outer.getOneofInner().getNumWithDefault());
+    assertEquals(0, outer.getOneofInner().getNested().getNum());
+    assertEquals(4, outer.getOneofInner().getNested().getNumWithDefault());
+  }
+
+  public void testClearValues() {
+    LazyInnerMessageLite inner = LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(115).build();
+
+    LazyMessageLite.Builder outerBuilder = LazyMessageLite.newBuilder();
+
+    assertEquals(0, outerBuilder.build().getNum());
+
+    // Set/Clear num
+    outerBuilder.setNum(100);
+
+    assertEquals(100, outerBuilder.build().getNum());
+    assertEquals(421, outerBuilder.build().getNumWithDefault());
+    assertFalse(outerBuilder.build().hasInner());
+
+    outerBuilder.clearNum();
+
+    assertEquals(0, outerBuilder.build().getNum());
+    assertEquals(421, outerBuilder.build().getNumWithDefault());
+    assertFalse(outerBuilder.build().hasInner());
+
+    // Set/Clear all
+    outerBuilder
+        .setNum(100)
+        .setInner(inner)
+        .addRepeatedInner(LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(119))
+        .addRepeatedInner(LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(122))
+        .setOneofInner(LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(123));
+
+    LazyMessageLite outer = outerBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals(100, outer.getNum());
+    assertEquals(421, outer.getNumWithDefault());
+    assertTrue(outer.hasInner());
+    assertEquals(115, outer.getInner().getNum());
+    assertEquals(2, outer.getRepeatedInnerCount());
+    assertEquals(119, outer.getRepeatedInner(0).getNum());
+    assertEquals(122, outer.getRepeatedInner(1).getNum());
+    assertTrue(outer.hasOneofInner());
+    assertEquals(123, outer.getOneofInner().getNum());
+
+    outerBuilder.clear();
+
+    outer = outerBuilder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(0, outer.getNum());
+    assertEquals(421, outer.getNumWithDefault());
+    assertFalse(outer.hasInner());
+    assertEquals(0, outer.getRepeatedInnerCount());
+    assertFalse(outer.hasOneofInner());
+    assertEquals(0, outer.getOneofInner().getNum());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeValues() {
+    LazyMessageLite outerBase = LazyMessageLite.newBuilder().setNumWithDefault(122).build();
+
+    LazyInnerMessageLite innerMerging = LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(115).build();
+    LazyMessageLite outerMerging =
+        LazyMessageLite.newBuilder()
+            .setNum(119)
+            .setInner(innerMerging)
+            .setOneofInner(innerMerging)
+            .build();
+
+    LazyMessageLite merged = LazyMessageLite.newBuilder(outerBase).mergeFrom(outerMerging).build();
+    assertEquals(119, merged.getNum());
+    assertEquals(122, merged.getNumWithDefault());
+    assertEquals(115, merged.getInner().getNum());
+    assertEquals(42, merged.getInner().getNumWithDefault());
+    assertEquals(115, merged.getOneofInner().getNum());
+    assertEquals(42, merged.getOneofInner().getNumWithDefault());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeDefaultValues() {
+    LazyInnerMessageLite innerBase = LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(115).build();
+    LazyMessageLite outerBase =
+        LazyMessageLite.newBuilder()
+            .setNum(119)
+            .setNumWithDefault(122)
+            .setInner(innerBase)
+            .setOneofInner(innerBase)
+            .build();
+
+    LazyMessageLite outerMerging = LazyMessageLite.getDefaultInstance();
+
+    LazyMessageLite merged = LazyMessageLite.newBuilder(outerBase).mergeFrom(outerMerging).build();
+    // Merging default-instance shouldn't overwrite values in the base message.
+    assertEquals(119, merged.getNum());
+    assertEquals(122, merged.getNumWithDefault());
+    assertEquals(115, merged.getInner().getNum());
+    assertEquals(42, merged.getInner().getNumWithDefault());
+    assertEquals(115, merged.getOneofInner().getNum());
+    assertEquals(42, merged.getOneofInner().getNumWithDefault());
+  }
+
+  // Regression test for b/28198805.
+  public void testMergeOneofMessages() throws Exception {
+    LazyInnerMessageLite inner = LazyInnerMessageLite.getDefaultInstance();
+    LazyMessageLite outer = LazyMessageLite.newBuilder().setOneofInner(inner).build();
+    ByteString data1 = outer.toByteString();
+
+    // The following should not alter the content of the 'outer' message.
+    LazyMessageLite.Builder merged = LazyMessageLite.newBuilder().mergeFrom(outer);
+    LazyInnerMessageLite anotherInner = LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(12345).build();
+    merged.setOneofInner(anotherInner);
+
+    // Check that the 'outer' stays the same.
+    ByteString data2 = outer.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(data1, data2);
+    assertEquals(0, outer.getOneofInner().getNum());
+  }
+
+  public void testSerialize() throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    LazyNestedInnerMessageLite nested = LazyNestedInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(3).build();
+    LazyInnerMessageLite inner =
+        LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(2).setNested(nested).build();
+    LazyMessageLite outer =
+        LazyMessageLite.newBuilder().setNum(1).setInner(inner).setOneofInner(inner).build();
+
+    ByteString bytes = outer.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(bytes.size(), outer.getSerializedSize());
+
+    LazyMessageLite deserialized = LazyMessageLite.parseFrom(bytes);
+
+    assertEquals(1, deserialized.getNum());
+    assertEquals(421, deserialized.getNumWithDefault());
+
+    assertEquals(2, deserialized.getInner().getNum());
+    assertEquals(42, deserialized.getInner().getNumWithDefault());
+
+    assertEquals(3, deserialized.getInner().getNested().getNum());
+    assertEquals(4, deserialized.getInner().getNested().getNumWithDefault());
+
+    assertEquals(2, deserialized.getOneofInner().getNum());
+    assertEquals(42, deserialized.getOneofInner().getNumWithDefault());
+    assertEquals(3, deserialized.getOneofInner().getNested().getNum());
+    assertEquals(4, deserialized.getOneofInner().getNested().getNumWithDefault());
+
+    assertEquals(bytes, deserialized.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensions() throws Exception {
+    LazyInnerMessageLite.Builder innerBuilder = LazyInnerMessageLite.newBuilder();
+    innerBuilder.setExtension(
+        LazyExtension.extension, LazyExtension.newBuilder().setName("name").build());
+    assertTrue(innerBuilder.hasExtension(LazyExtension.extension));
+    assertEquals("name", innerBuilder.getExtension(LazyExtension.extension).getName());
+
+    LazyInnerMessageLite innerMessage = innerBuilder.build();
+    assertTrue(innerMessage.hasExtension(LazyExtension.extension));
+    assertEquals("name", innerMessage.getExtension(LazyExtension.extension).getName());
+
+    LazyMessageLite lite = LazyMessageLite.newBuilder().setInner(innerMessage).build();
+    assertTrue(lite.getInner().hasExtension(LazyExtension.extension));
+    assertEquals("name", lite.getInner().getExtension(LazyExtension.extension).getName());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringArrayListTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringArrayListTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24d0038b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringArrayListTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link LazyStringArrayList}.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class LazyStringArrayListTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final String STRING_A = "A";
+  private static final String STRING_B = "B";
+  private static final String STRING_C = "C";
+
+  private static final ByteString BYTE_STRING_A = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("A");
+  private static final ByteString BYTE_STRING_B = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("B");
+  private static final ByteString BYTE_STRING_C = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("C");
+
+  public void testJustStrings() {
+    LazyStringArrayList list = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list.add(STRING_A);
+    list.add(STRING_B);
+    list.add(STRING_C);
+
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+    assertSame(STRING_A, list.get(0));
+    assertSame(STRING_B, list.get(1));
+    assertSame(STRING_C, list.get(2));
+
+    list.set(1, STRING_C);
+    assertSame(STRING_C, list.get(1));
+
+    list.remove(1);
+    assertSame(STRING_A, list.get(0));
+    assertSame(STRING_C, list.get(1));
+
+    List<ByteString> byteStringList = list.asByteStringList();
+    assertEquals(BYTE_STRING_A, byteStringList.get(0));
+    assertEquals(BYTE_STRING_C, byteStringList.get(1));
+
+    // Underlying list should be transformed.
+    assertSame(byteStringList.get(0), list.getByteString(0));
+    assertSame(byteStringList.get(1), list.getByteString(1));
+  }
+
+  public void testJustByteString() {
+    LazyStringArrayList list = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list.add(BYTE_STRING_A);
+    list.add(BYTE_STRING_B);
+    list.add(BYTE_STRING_C);
+
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_A, list.getByteString(0));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_B, list.getByteString(1));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_C, list.getByteString(2));
+
+    list.remove(1);
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_A, list.getByteString(0));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_C, list.getByteString(1));
+
+    List<ByteString> byteStringList = list.asByteStringList();
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_A, byteStringList.get(0));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_C, byteStringList.get(1));
+  }
+
+  public void testConversionBackAndForth() {
+    LazyStringArrayList list = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list.add(STRING_A);
+    list.add(BYTE_STRING_B);
+    list.add(BYTE_STRING_C);
+
+    // String a should be the same because it was originally a string
+    assertSame(STRING_A, list.get(0));
+
+    // String b and c should be different because the string has to be computed
+    // from the ByteString
+    String bPrime = list.get(1);
+    assertNotSame(STRING_B, bPrime);
+    assertEquals(STRING_B, bPrime);
+    String cPrime = list.get(2);
+    assertNotSame(STRING_C, cPrime);
+    assertEquals(STRING_C, cPrime);
+
+    // String c and c should stay the same once cached.
+    assertSame(bPrime, list.get(1));
+    assertSame(cPrime, list.get(2));
+
+    // ByteString needs to be computed from string for both a and b
+    ByteString aPrimeByteString = list.getByteString(0);
+    assertEquals(BYTE_STRING_A, aPrimeByteString);
+    ByteString bPrimeByteString = list.getByteString(1);
+    assertNotSame(BYTE_STRING_B, bPrimeByteString);
+    assertEquals(BYTE_STRING_B, list.getByteString(1));
+
+    // Once cached, ByteString should stay cached.
+    assertSame(aPrimeByteString, list.getByteString(0));
+    assertSame(bPrimeByteString, list.getByteString(1));
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyConstructorCopiesByReference() {
+    LazyStringArrayList list1 = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list1.add(STRING_A);
+    list1.add(BYTE_STRING_B);
+    list1.add(BYTE_STRING_C);
+
+    LazyStringArrayList list2 = new LazyStringArrayList(list1);
+    assertEquals(3, list2.size());
+    assertSame(STRING_A, list2.get(0));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_B, list2.getByteString(1));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_C, list2.getByteString(2));
+  }
+
+  public void testListCopyConstructor() {
+    List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<String>();
+    list1.add(STRING_A);
+    list1.add(STRING_B);
+    list1.add(STRING_C);
+
+    LazyStringArrayList list2 = new LazyStringArrayList(list1);
+    assertEquals(3, list2.size());
+    assertSame(STRING_A, list2.get(0));
+    assertSame(STRING_B, list2.get(1));
+    assertSame(STRING_C, list2.get(2));
+  }
+
+  public void testAddAllCopiesByReferenceIfPossible() {
+    LazyStringArrayList list1 = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list1.add(STRING_A);
+    list1.add(BYTE_STRING_B);
+    list1.add(BYTE_STRING_C);
+
+    LazyStringArrayList list2 = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list2.addAll(list1);
+
+    assertEquals(3, list2.size());
+    assertSame(STRING_A, list2.get(0));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_B, list2.getByteString(1));
+    assertSame(BYTE_STRING_C, list2.getByteString(2));
+  }
+
+  public void testModificationWithIteration() {
+    LazyStringArrayList list = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list.addAll(asList(STRING_A, STRING_B, STRING_C));
+    Iterator<String> iterator = list.iterator();
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+    assertEquals(STRING_A, list.get(0));
+    assertEquals(STRING_A, iterator.next());
+
+    // Does not structurally modify.
+    iterator = list.iterator();
+    list.set(0, STRING_B);
+    iterator.next();
+
+    list.remove(0);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    iterator = list.iterator();
+    list.add(0, STRING_C);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMakeImmutable() {
+    LazyStringArrayList list = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list.add(STRING_A);
+    list.add(STRING_B);
+    list.add(STRING_C);
+    list.makeImmutable();
+    assertGenericListImmutable(list, STRING_A);
+
+    // LazyStringArrayList has extra methods not covered in the generic
+    // assertion.
+
+    try {
+      list.add(BYTE_STRING_A.toByteArray());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(BYTE_STRING_A);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAllByteArray(Collections.singletonList(BYTE_STRING_A.toByteArray()));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAllByteString(asList(BYTE_STRING_A));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.mergeFrom(new LazyStringArrayList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(0, BYTE_STRING_A.toByteArray());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(0, BYTE_STRING_A);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testImmutabilityPropagation() {
+    LazyStringArrayList list = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    list.add(STRING_A);
+    list.makeImmutable();
+
+    assertGenericListImmutable(list.asByteStringList(), BYTE_STRING_A);
+
+    // Arrays use reference equality so need to retrieve the underlying value
+    // to properly test deep immutability.
+    List<byte[]> byteArrayList = list.asByteArrayList();
+    assertGenericListImmutable(byteArrayList, byteArrayList.get(0));
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static <T> void assertGenericListImmutable(List<T> list, T value) {
+    try {
+      list.add(value);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(0, value);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(asList(value));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, asList(value));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.clear();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(value);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(asList(value));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(asList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(asList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(0, value);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringEndToEndTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringEndToEndTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18c9c74ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringEndToEndTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests to make sure the lazy conversion of UTF8-encoded byte arrays to strings works correctly.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class LazyStringEndToEndTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final ByteString TEST_ALL_TYPES_SERIALIZED_WITH_ILLEGAL_UTF8 =
+      ByteString.copyFrom(
+          new byte[] {
+            114, 4, -1, 0, -1, 0, -30, 2, 4, -1,
+            0, -1, 0, -30, 2, 4, -1, 0, -1, 0,
+          });
+
+  private ByteString encodedTestAllTypes;
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    super.setUp();
+    this.encodedTestAllTypes =
+        UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalString("foo")
+            .addRepeatedString("bar")
+            .addRepeatedString("baz")
+            .build()
+            .toByteString();
+  }
+
+  /** Tests that an invalid UTF8 string will roundtrip through a parse and serialization. */
+  public void testParseAndSerialize() throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    UnittestProto.TestAllTypes tV2 =
+        UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.parseFrom(TEST_ALL_TYPES_SERIALIZED_WITH_ILLEGAL_UTF8);
+    ByteString bytes = tV2.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(TEST_ALL_TYPES_SERIALIZED_WITH_ILLEGAL_UTF8, bytes);
+
+    tV2.getOptionalString();
+    bytes = tV2.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(TEST_ALL_TYPES_SERIALIZED_WITH_ILLEGAL_UTF8, bytes);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseAndWrite() throws IOException {
+    UnittestProto.TestAllTypes tV2 =
+        UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.parseFrom(TEST_ALL_TYPES_SERIALIZED_WITH_ILLEGAL_UTF8);
+    byte[] sink = new byte[TEST_ALL_TYPES_SERIALIZED_WITH_ILLEGAL_UTF8.size()];
+    CodedOutputStream outputStream = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(sink);
+    tV2.writeTo(outputStream);
+    outputStream.flush();
+    assertEquals(TEST_ALL_TYPES_SERIALIZED_WITH_ILLEGAL_UTF8, ByteString.copyFrom(sink));
+  }
+
+  public void testCaching() {
+    String a = "a";
+    String b = "b";
+    String c = "c";
+    UnittestProto.TestAllTypes proto =
+        UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalString(a)
+            .addRepeatedString(b)
+            .addRepeatedString(c)
+            .build();
+
+    // String should be the one we passed it.
+    assertSame(a, proto.getOptionalString());
+    assertSame(b, proto.getRepeatedString(0));
+    assertSame(c, proto.getRepeatedString(1));
+
+    // Ensure serialization keeps strings cached.
+    proto.toByteString();
+
+    // And now the string should stay cached.
+    assertSame(a, proto.getOptionalString());
+    assertSame(b, proto.getRepeatedString(0));
+    assertSame(c, proto.getRepeatedString(1));
+  }
+
+  public void testNoStringCachingIfOnlyBytesAccessed() throws Exception {
+    UnittestProto.TestAllTypes proto = UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.parseFrom(encodedTestAllTypes);
+    ByteString optional = proto.getOptionalStringBytes();
+    assertSame(optional, proto.getOptionalStringBytes());
+    assertSame(optional, proto.toBuilder().getOptionalStringBytes());
+
+    ByteString repeated0 = proto.getRepeatedStringBytes(0);
+    ByteString repeated1 = proto.getRepeatedStringBytes(1);
+    assertSame(repeated0, proto.getRepeatedStringBytes(0));
+    assertSame(repeated1, proto.getRepeatedStringBytes(1));
+    assertSame(repeated0, proto.toBuilder().getRepeatedStringBytes(0));
+    assertSame(repeated1, proto.toBuilder().getRepeatedStringBytes(1));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteEqualsAndHashTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteEqualsAndHashTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4764ca1bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteEqualsAndHashTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.Bar;
+import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.BarPrime;
+import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.Foo;
+import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.TestOneofEquals;
+import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.TestRecursiveOneof;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Test generate equal and hash methods for the lite runtime.
+ *
+ * @author pbogle@google.com Phil Bogle
+ */
+public class LiteEqualsAndHashTest extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testEquals() throws Exception {
+    // Since the generated equals and hashCode methods for lite messages are a
+    // mostly complete subset of those for regular messages, we can mostly assume
+    // that the generated methods are already thoroughly tested by the regular tests.
+
+    // This test mostly just verifies is that a proto with
+    // optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME and java_generates_equals_and_hash_compiles
+    // correctly when linked only against the lite library.
+
+    // We do however do some basic testing to make sure that equals is actually
+    // overridden to test for value equality rather than simple object equality.
+
+    // Check that two identical objs are equal.
+    Foo foo1a = Foo.newBuilder()
+        .setValue(1)
+        .addBar(Bar.newBuilder().setName("foo1"))
+        .build();
+    Foo foo1b = Foo.newBuilder()
+        .setValue(1)
+        .addBar(Bar.newBuilder().setName("foo1"))
+        .build();
+    Foo foo2 = Foo.newBuilder()
+        .setValue(1)
+        .addBar(Bar.newBuilder().setName("foo2"))
+        .build();
+
+    // Check that equals is doing value rather than object equality.
+    assertEquals(foo1a, foo1b);
+    assertEquals(foo1a.hashCode(), foo1b.hashCode());
+
+    // Check that a diffeent object is not equal.
+    assertFalse(foo1a.equals(foo2));
+
+    // Check that two objects which have different types but the same field values are not
+    // considered to be equal.
+    Bar bar = Bar.newBuilder().setName("bar").build();
+    BarPrime barPrime = BarPrime.newBuilder().setName("bar").build();
+    assertFalse(bar.equals(barPrime));
+  }
+
+  public void testOneofEquals() throws Exception {
+    TestOneofEquals.Builder builder = TestOneofEquals.newBuilder();
+    TestOneofEquals message1 = builder.build();
+    // Set message2's name field to default value. The two messages should be different when we
+    // check with the oneof case.
+    builder.setName("");
+    TestOneofEquals message2 = builder.build();
+    assertFalse(message1.equals(message2));
+  }
+
+  public void testEqualsAndHashCodeWithUnknownFields() throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    Foo fooWithOnlyValue = Foo.newBuilder()
+        .setValue(1)
+        .build();
+
+    Foo fooWithValueAndExtension = fooWithOnlyValue.toBuilder()
+        .setValue(1)
+        .setExtension(Bar.fooExt, Bar.newBuilder()
+            .setName("name")
+            .build())
+        .build();
+
+    Foo fooWithValueAndUnknownFields = Foo.parseFrom(fooWithValueAndExtension.toByteArray());
+
+    assertEqualsAndHashCodeAreFalse(fooWithOnlyValue, fooWithValueAndUnknownFields);
+    assertEqualsAndHashCodeAreFalse(fooWithValueAndExtension, fooWithValueAndUnknownFields);
+  }
+
+  private void assertEqualsAndHashCodeAreFalse(Object o1, Object o2) {
+    assertFalse(o1.equals(o2));
+    assertFalse(o1.hashCode() == o2.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testRecursiveHashcode() {
+    // This tests that we don't infinite loop.
+    TestRecursiveOneof.getDefaultInstance().hashCode();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteralByteStringTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteralByteStringTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cab14c38b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteralByteStringTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Test {@code LiteralByteString} by setting up a reference string in {@link #setUp()}. This class
+ * is designed to be extended for testing extensions of {@code LiteralByteString} such as {@code
+ * BoundedByteString}, see {@link BoundedByteStringTest}.
+ *
+ * @author carlanton@google.com (Carl Haverl)
+ */
+public class LiteralByteStringTest extends TestCase {
+  protected static final String UTF_8 = "UTF-8";
+
+  protected String classUnderTest;
+  protected byte[] referenceBytes;
+  protected ByteString stringUnderTest;
+  protected int expectedHashCode;
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    classUnderTest = "LiteralByteString";
+    referenceBytes = ByteStringTest.getTestBytes(1234, 11337766L);
+    stringUnderTest = ByteString.copyFrom(referenceBytes);
+    expectedHashCode = 331161852;
+  }
+
+  public void testExpectedType() {
+    String actualClassName = getActualClassName(stringUnderTest);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " should match type exactly", classUnderTest, actualClassName);
+  }
+
+  protected String getActualClassName(Object object) {
+    return object.getClass().getSimpleName();
+  }
+
+  public void testByteAt() {
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    for (int i = 0; stillEqual && i < referenceBytes.length; ++i) {
+      stillEqual = (referenceBytes[i] == stringUnderTest.byteAt(i));
+    }
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " must capture the right bytes", stillEqual);
+  }
+
+  public void testByteIterator() {
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    ByteString.ByteIterator iter = stringUnderTest.iterator();
+    for (int i = 0; stillEqual && i < referenceBytes.length; ++i) {
+      stillEqual = (iter.hasNext() && referenceBytes[i] == iter.nextByte());
+    }
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " must capture the right bytes", stillEqual);
+    assertFalse(classUnderTest + " must have exhausted the itertor", iter.hasNext());
+
+    try {
+      iter.nextByte();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testByteIterable() {
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    int j = 0;
+    for (byte quantum : stringUnderTest) {
+      stillEqual = (referenceBytes[j] == quantum);
+      ++j;
+    }
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " must capture the right bytes as Bytes", stillEqual);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " iterable character count", referenceBytes.length, j);
+  }
+
+  public void testSize() {
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " must have the expected size",
+        referenceBytes.length,
+        stringUnderTest.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetTreeDepth() {
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " must have depth 0", 0, stringUnderTest.getTreeDepth());
+  }
+
+  public void testIsBalanced() {
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " is technically balanced", stringUnderTest.isBalanced());
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyTo_ByteArrayOffsetLength() {
+    int destinationOffset = 50;
+    int length = 100;
+    byte[] destination = new byte[destinationOffset + length];
+    int sourceOffset = 213;
+    stringUnderTest.copyTo(destination, sourceOffset, destinationOffset, length);
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    for (int i = 0; stillEqual && i < length; ++i) {
+      stillEqual = referenceBytes[i + sourceOffset] == destination[i + destinationOffset];
+    }
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + ".copyTo(4 arg) must give the expected bytes", stillEqual);
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyTo_ByteArrayOffsetLengthErrors() {
+    int destinationOffset = 50;
+    int length = 100;
+    byte[] destination = new byte[destinationOffset + length];
+
+    try {
+      // Copy one too many bytes
+      stringUnderTest.copyTo(
+          destination, stringUnderTest.size() + 1 - length, destinationOffset, length);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception when copying too many bytes of a " + classUnderTest);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal negative sourceOffset
+      stringUnderTest.copyTo(destination, -1, destinationOffset, length);
+      fail(
+          "Should have thrown an exception when given a negative sourceOffset in "
+              + classUnderTest);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal negative destinationOffset
+      stringUnderTest.copyTo(destination, 0, -1, length);
+      fail(
+          "Should have thrown an exception when given a negative destinationOffset in "
+              + classUnderTest);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal negative size
+      stringUnderTest.copyTo(destination, 0, 0, -1);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception when given a negative size in " + classUnderTest);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal too-large sourceOffset
+      stringUnderTest.copyTo(destination, 2 * stringUnderTest.size(), 0, length);
+      fail(
+          "Should have thrown an exception when the destinationOffset is too large in "
+              + classUnderTest);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal too-large destinationOffset
+      stringUnderTest.copyTo(destination, 0, 2 * destination.length, length);
+      fail(
+          "Should have thrown an exception when the destinationOffset is too large in "
+              + classUnderTest);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyTo_ByteBuffer() {
+    ByteBuffer myBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(referenceBytes.length);
+    stringUnderTest.copyTo(myBuffer);
+    assertTrue(
+        classUnderTest + ".copyTo(ByteBuffer) must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, myBuffer.array()));
+  }
+
+  public void testMarkSupported() {
+    InputStream stream = stringUnderTest.newInput();
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + ".newInput() must support marking", stream.markSupported());
+  }
+
+  public void testMarkAndReset() throws IOException {
+    int fraction = stringUnderTest.size() / 3;
+
+    InputStream stream = stringUnderTest.newInput();
+    stream.mark(stringUnderTest.size()); // First, mark() the end.
+
+    skipFully(stream, fraction); // Skip a large fraction, but not all.
+    int available = stream.available();
+    assertTrue(
+        classUnderTest + ": after skipping to the 'middle', half the bytes are available",
+        (stringUnderTest.size() - fraction) == available);
+    stream.reset();
+
+    skipFully(stream, stringUnderTest.size()); // Skip to the end.
+    available = stream.available();
+    assertTrue(
+        classUnderTest + ": after skipping to the end, no more bytes are available",
+        0 == available);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Discards {@code n} bytes of data from the input stream. This method will block until the full
+   * amount has been skipped. Does not close the stream.
+   *
+   * <p>Copied from com.google.common.io.ByteStreams to avoid adding dependency.
+   *
+   * @param in the input stream to read from
+   * @param n the number of bytes to skip
+   * @throws EOFException if this stream reaches the end before skipping all the bytes
+   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs, or the stream does not support skipping
+   */
+  static void skipFully(InputStream in, long n) throws IOException {
+    long toSkip = n;
+    while (n > 0) {
+      long amt = in.skip(n);
+      if (amt == 0) {
+        // Force a blocking read to avoid infinite loop
+        if (in.read() == -1) {
+          long skipped = toSkip - n;
+          throw new EOFException(
+              "reached end of stream after skipping "
+                  + skipped
+                  + " bytes; "
+                  + toSkip
+                  + " bytes expected");
+        }
+        n--;
+      } else {
+        n -= amt;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAsReadOnlyByteBuffer() {
+    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = stringUnderTest.asReadOnlyByteBuffer();
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = new byte[referenceBytes.length];
+    assertTrue(byteBuffer.remaining() == referenceBytes.length);
+    assertTrue(byteBuffer.isReadOnly());
+    byteBuffer.get(roundTripBytes);
+    assertTrue(
+        classUnderTest + ".asReadOnlyByteBuffer() must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, roundTripBytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testAsReadOnlyByteBufferList() {
+    List<ByteBuffer> byteBuffers = stringUnderTest.asReadOnlyByteBufferList();
+    int bytesSeen = 0;
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = new byte[referenceBytes.length];
+    for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : byteBuffers) {
+      int thisLength = byteBuffer.remaining();
+      assertTrue(byteBuffer.isReadOnly());
+      assertTrue(bytesSeen + thisLength <= referenceBytes.length);
+      byteBuffer.get(roundTripBytes, bytesSeen, thisLength);
+      bytesSeen += thisLength;
+    }
+    assertTrue(bytesSeen == referenceBytes.length);
+    assertTrue(
+        classUnderTest + ".asReadOnlyByteBufferTest() must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, roundTripBytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testToByteArray() {
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = stringUnderTest.toByteArray();
+    assertTrue(
+        classUnderTest + ".toByteArray() must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, roundTripBytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testWriteTo() throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    stringUnderTest.writeTo(bos);
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = bos.toByteArray();
+    assertTrue(
+        classUnderTest + ".writeTo() must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, roundTripBytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testWriteToShouldNotExposeInternalBufferToOutputStream() throws IOException {
+    OutputStream os =
+        new OutputStream() {
+          @Override
+          public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) {
+            Arrays.fill(b, off, off + len, (byte) 0);
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void write(int b) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+        };
+
+    stringUnderTest.writeTo(os);
+    assertTrue(
+        classUnderTest + ".writeTo() must not grant access to underlying array",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, stringUnderTest.toByteArray()));
+  }
+
+  public void testWriteToInternalShouldExposeInternalBufferToOutputStream() throws IOException {
+    OutputStream os =
+        new OutputStream() {
+          @Override
+          public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) {
+            Arrays.fill(b, off, off + len, (byte) 0);
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void write(int b) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+        };
+
+    stringUnderTest.writeToInternal(os, 0, stringUnderTest.size());
+    byte[] allZeros = new byte[stringUnderTest.size()];
+    assertTrue(
+        classUnderTest + ".writeToInternal() must grant access to underlying array",
+        Arrays.equals(allZeros, stringUnderTest.toByteArray()));
+  }
+
+  public void testWriteToShouldExposeInternalBufferToByteOutput() throws IOException {
+    ByteOutput out =
+        new ByteOutput() {
+          @Override
+          public void write(byte value) throws IOException {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void write(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void write(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void writeLazy(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+            Arrays.fill(value, offset, offset + length, (byte) 0);
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void writeLazy(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+        };
+
+    stringUnderTest.writeTo(out);
+    byte[] allZeros = new byte[stringUnderTest.size()];
+    assertTrue(
+        classUnderTest + ".writeToInternal() must grant access to underlying array",
+        Arrays.equals(allZeros, stringUnderTest.toByteArray()));
+  }
+
+  public void testNewOutput() throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    ByteString.Output output = ByteString.newOutput();
+    stringUnderTest.writeTo(output);
+    assertEquals("Output Size returns correct result", output.size(), stringUnderTest.size());
+    output.writeTo(bos);
+    assertTrue(
+        "Output.writeTo() must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, bos.toByteArray()));
+
+    // write the output stream to itself! This should cause it to double
+    output.writeTo(output);
+    assertEquals(
+        "Writing an output stream to itself is successful",
+        stringUnderTest.concat(stringUnderTest),
+        output.toByteString());
+
+    output.reset();
+    assertEquals("Output.reset() resets the output", 0, output.size());
+    assertEquals("Output.reset() resets the output", ByteString.EMPTY, output.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testToString() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    String testString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    ByteString unicode = ByteString.wrap(testString.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8));
+    String roundTripString = unicode.toString(UTF_8);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " unicode must match", testString, roundTripString);
+  }
+
+  public void testCharsetToString() {
+    String testString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    ByteString unicode = ByteString.wrap(testString.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8));
+    String roundTripString = unicode.toString(Internal.UTF_8);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " unicode must match", testString, roundTripString);
+  }
+
+  public void testToString_returnsCanonicalEmptyString() {
+    assertSame(
+        classUnderTest + " must be the same string references",
+        ByteString.EMPTY.toString(Internal.UTF_8),
+        ByteString.wrap(new byte[] {}).toString(Internal.UTF_8));
+  }
+
+  public void testToString_raisesException() {
+    try {
+      ByteString.EMPTY.toString("invalid");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      ByteString.wrap(referenceBytes).toString("invalid");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testEquals() {
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " must not equal null", false, stringUnderTest.equals(null));
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " must equal self", stringUnderTest, stringUnderTest);
+    assertFalse(
+        classUnderTest + " must not equal the empty string",
+        stringUnderTest.equals(ByteString.EMPTY));
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " empty strings must be equal",
+        ByteString.wrap(new byte[] {}),
+        stringUnderTest.substring(55, 55));
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " must equal another string with the same value",
+        stringUnderTest,
+        ByteString.wrap(referenceBytes));
+
+    byte[] mungedBytes = new byte[referenceBytes.length];
+    System.arraycopy(referenceBytes, 0, mungedBytes, 0, referenceBytes.length);
+    mungedBytes[mungedBytes.length - 5] = (byte) (mungedBytes[mungedBytes.length - 5] ^ 0xFF);
+    assertFalse(
+        classUnderTest + " must not equal every string with the same length",
+        stringUnderTest.equals(ByteString.wrap(mungedBytes)));
+  }
+
+  public void testHashCode() {
+    int hash = stringUnderTest.hashCode();
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " must have expected hashCode", expectedHashCode, hash);
+  }
+
+  public void testPeekCachedHashCode() {
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + ".peekCachedHashCode() should return zero at first",
+        0,
+        stringUnderTest.peekCachedHashCode());
+    stringUnderTest.hashCode();
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + ".peekCachedHashCode should return zero at first",
+        expectedHashCode,
+        stringUnderTest.peekCachedHashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testPartialHash() {
+    // partialHash() is more strenuously tested elsewhere by testing hashes of substrings.
+    // This test would fail if the expected hash were 1.  It's not.
+    int hash = stringUnderTest.partialHash(stringUnderTest.size(), 0, stringUnderTest.size());
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + ".partialHash() must yield expected hashCode", expectedHashCode, hash);
+  }
+
+  public void testNewInput() throws IOException {
+    InputStream input = stringUnderTest.newInput();
+    assertEquals(
+        "InputStream.available() returns correct value", stringUnderTest.size(), input.available());
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    for (byte referenceByte : referenceBytes) {
+      int expectedInt = (referenceByte & 0xFF);
+      stillEqual = (expectedInt == input.read());
+    }
+    assertEquals("InputStream.available() returns correct value", 0, input.available());
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " must give the same bytes from the InputStream", stillEqual);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " InputStream must now be exhausted", -1, input.read());
+  }
+
+  public void testNewInput_skip() throws IOException {
+    InputStream input = stringUnderTest.newInput();
+    int stringSize = stringUnderTest.size();
+    int nearEndIndex = stringSize * 2 / 3;
+
+    long skipped1 = input.skip(nearEndIndex);
+    assertEquals("InputStream.skip()", skipped1, nearEndIndex);
+    assertEquals("InputStream.available()", stringSize - skipped1, input.available());
+    assertTrue("InputStream.mark() is available", input.markSupported());
+    input.mark(0);
+    assertEquals(
+        "InputStream.skip(), read()", stringUnderTest.byteAt(nearEndIndex) & 0xFF, input.read());
+    assertEquals("InputStream.available()", stringSize - skipped1 - 1, input.available());
+
+    long skipped2 = input.skip(stringSize);
+    assertEquals("InputStream.skip() incomplete", skipped2, stringSize - skipped1 - 1);
+    assertEquals("InputStream.skip(), no more input", 0, input.available());
+    assertEquals("InputStream.skip(), no more input", -1, input.read());
+    assertThat(input.skip(1)).isEqualTo(0);
+    assertThat(input.read(new byte[1], /* off= */ 0, /*len=*/ 0)).isEqualTo(-1);
+
+    input.reset();
+    assertEquals("InputStream.reset() succeded", stringSize - skipped1, input.available());
+    assertEquals(
+        "InputStream.reset(), read()", stringUnderTest.byteAt(nearEndIndex) & 0xFF, input.read());
+  }
+
+  public void testNewCodedInput() throws IOException {
+    CodedInputStream cis = stringUnderTest.newCodedInput();
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = cis.readRawBytes(referenceBytes.length);
+    assertTrue(
+        classUnderTest + " must give the same bytes back from the CodedInputStream",
+        Arrays.equals(referenceBytes, roundTripBytes));
+    assertTrue(classUnderTest + " CodedInputStream must now be exhausted", cis.isAtEnd());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make sure we keep things simple when concatenating with empty. See also {@link
+   * ByteStringTest#testConcat_empty()}.
+   */
+  public void testConcat_empty() {
+    assertSame(
+        classUnderTest + " concatenated with empty must give " + classUnderTest,
+        stringUnderTest.concat(ByteString.EMPTY),
+        stringUnderTest);
+    assertSame(
+        "empty concatenated with " + classUnderTest + " must give " + classUnderTest,
+        ByteString.EMPTY.concat(stringUnderTest),
+        stringUnderTest);
+  }
+
+  public void testJavaSerialization() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
+    oos.writeObject(stringUnderTest);
+    oos.close();
+    byte[] pickled = out.toByteArray();
+    InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(pickled);
+    ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(in);
+    Object o = ois.readObject();
+    assertTrue("Didn't get a ByteString back", o instanceof ByteString);
+    assertEquals("Should get an equal ByteString back", stringUnderTest, o);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LongArrayListTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LongArrayListTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..193510050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LongArrayListTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.LongList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link LongArrayList}.
+ *
+ * @author dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+ */
+public class LongArrayListTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final LongArrayList UNARY_LIST = newImmutableLongArrayList(1);
+  private static final LongArrayList TERTIARY_LIST = newImmutableLongArrayList(1, 2, 3);
+
+  private LongArrayList list;
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    list = new LongArrayList();
+  }
+
+  public void testEmptyListReturnsSameInstance() {
+    assertSame(LongArrayList.emptyList(), LongArrayList.emptyList());
+  }
+
+  public void testEmptyListIsImmutable() {
+    assertImmutable(LongArrayList.emptyList());
+  }
+
+  public void testMakeImmutable() {
+    list.addLong(3);
+    list.addLong(4);
+    list.addLong(5);
+    list.addLong(7);
+    list.makeImmutable();
+    assertImmutable(list);
+  }
+
+  public void testModificationWithIteration() {
+    list.addAll(asList(1L, 2L, 3L, 4L));
+    Iterator<Long> iterator = list.iterator();
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+    assertEquals(1L, (long) list.get(0));
+    assertEquals(1L, (long) iterator.next());
+    list.set(0, 1L);
+    assertEquals(2L, (long) iterator.next());
+
+    list.remove(0);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    iterator = list.iterator();
+    list.add(0, 0L);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGet() {
+    assertEquals(1L, (long) TERTIARY_LIST.get(0));
+    assertEquals(2L, (long) TERTIARY_LIST.get(1));
+    assertEquals(3L, (long) TERTIARY_LIST.get(2));
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetLong() {
+    assertEquals(1L, TERTIARY_LIST.getLong(0));
+    assertEquals(2L, TERTIARY_LIST.getLong(1));
+    assertEquals(3L, TERTIARY_LIST.getLong(2));
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSize() {
+    assertEquals(0, LongArrayList.emptyList().size());
+    assertEquals(1, UNARY_LIST.size());
+    assertEquals(3, TERTIARY_LIST.size());
+
+    list.addLong(3);
+    list.addLong(4);
+    list.addLong(6);
+    list.addLong(8);
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+
+    list.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+
+    list.add(17L);
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testSet() {
+    list.addLong(2);
+    list.addLong(4);
+
+    assertEquals(2L, (long) list.set(0, 3L));
+    assertEquals(3L, list.getLong(0));
+
+    assertEquals(4L, (long) list.set(1, 0L));
+    assertEquals(0L, list.getLong(1));
+
+    try {
+      list.set(-1, 0L);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(2, 0L);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSetLong() {
+    list.addLong(1);
+    list.addLong(3);
+
+    assertEquals(1L, list.setLong(0, 0));
+    assertEquals(0L, list.getLong(0));
+
+    assertEquals(3L, list.setLong(1, 0));
+    assertEquals(0L, list.getLong(1));
+
+    try {
+      list.setLong(-1, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.setLong(2, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAdd() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    assertTrue(list.add(2L));
+    assertEquals(asList(2L), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.add(3L));
+    list.add(0, 4L);
+    assertEquals(asList(4L, 2L, 3L), list);
+
+    list.add(0, 1L);
+    list.add(0, 0L);
+    // Force a resize by getting up to 11 elements.
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      list.add(Long.valueOf(5 + i));
+    }
+    assertEquals(asList(0L, 1L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L), list);
+
+    try {
+      list.add(-1, 5L);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(4, 5L);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAddLong() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    list.addLong(2);
+    assertEquals(asList(2L), list);
+
+    list.addLong(3);
+    assertEquals(asList(2L, 3L), list);
+  }
+
+  public void testAddAll() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(Collections.singleton(1L)));
+    assertEquals(1, list.size());
+    assertEquals(1L, (long) list.get(0));
+    assertEquals(1L, list.getLong(0));
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(asList(2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L)));
+    assertEquals(asList(1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(TERTIARY_LIST));
+    assertEquals(asList(1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 1L, 2L, 3L), list);
+
+    assertFalse(list.addAll(Collections.<Long>emptyList()));
+    assertFalse(list.addAll(LongArrayList.emptyList()));
+  }
+
+  public void testEquals() {
+    LongArrayList list1 = new LongArrayList();
+    LongArrayList list2 = new LongArrayList();
+
+    assertEquals(list1, list2);
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove() {
+    list.addAll(TERTIARY_LIST);
+    assertEquals(1L, (long) list.remove(0));
+    assertEquals(asList(2L, 3L), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.remove(Long.valueOf(3)));
+    assertEquals(asList(2L), list);
+
+    assertFalse(list.remove(Long.valueOf(3)));
+    assertEquals(asList(2L), list);
+
+    assertEquals(2L, (long) list.remove(0));
+    assertEquals(asList(), list);
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(0);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRemoveEnd_listAtCapacity() {
+    LongList toRemove = LongArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(1);
+    toRemove.addLong(3);
+    toRemove.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(0, toRemove.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove_listAtCapacity() {
+    LongList toRemove = LongArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(2);
+    toRemove.addLong(3);
+    toRemove.addLong(4);
+    toRemove.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(1, toRemove.size());
+    assertEquals(4L, (long) toRemove.get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testSublistRemoveEndOfCapacity() {
+    LongList toRemove = LongArrayList.emptyList().mutableCopyWithCapacity(1);
+    toRemove.addLong(3);
+    toRemove.subList(0, 1).clear();
+    assertEquals(0, toRemove.size());
+  }
+
+  private void assertImmutable(LongList list) {
+    if (list.contains(1L)) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Cannot test the immutability of lists that contain 1.");
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(1L);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(0, 1L);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(Collections.<Long>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(Collections.singletonList(1L));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(new LongArrayList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, Collections.singleton(1L));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, Collections.<Long>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addLong(0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.clear();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(new Object());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(Collections.<Long>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(Collections.singleton(1L));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(Collections.<Long>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(Collections.singleton(1L));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(0, 0L);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.setLong(0, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static LongArrayList newImmutableLongArrayList(long... elements) {
+    LongArrayList list = new LongArrayList();
+    for (long element : elements) {
+      list.addLong(element);
+    }
+    list.makeImmutable();
+    return list;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2LiteTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2LiteTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..adca1d51b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2LiteTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,776 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import map_lite_test.MapForProto2TestProto.BizarroTestMap;
+import map_lite_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestMap;
+import map_lite_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestMap.MessageValue;
+import map_lite_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestMapOrBuilder;
+import map_lite_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestUnknownEnumValue;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** Unit tests for map fields. */
+public final class MapForProto2LiteTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private void setMapValues(TestMap.Builder builder) {
+    builder
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 11)
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(2, 22)
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(3, 33)
+        .putInt32ToStringField(1, "11")
+        .putInt32ToStringField(2, "22")
+        .putInt32ToStringField(3, "33")
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(1, TestUtil.toBytes("11"))
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(2, TestUtil.toBytes("22"))
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(3, TestUtil.toBytes("33"))
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(1, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO)
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(2, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR)
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(3, TestMap.EnumValue.BAZ)
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(1, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(11).build())
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(2, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(22).build())
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(3, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(33).build())
+        .putStringToInt32Field("1", 11)
+        .putStringToInt32Field("2", 22)
+        .putStringToInt32Field("3", 33);
+  }
+
+  public void testSetMapValues() {
+    TestMap.Builder mapBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(mapBuilder);
+    TestMap map = mapBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(map);
+  }
+
+  private void copyMapValues(TestMap source, TestMap.Builder destination) {
+    destination
+        .putAllInt32ToInt32Field(source.getInt32ToInt32Field())
+        .putAllInt32ToStringField(source.getInt32ToStringField())
+        .putAllInt32ToBytesField(source.getInt32ToBytesField())
+        .putAllInt32ToEnumField(source.getInt32ToEnumField())
+        .putAllInt32ToMessageField(source.getInt32ToMessageField())
+        .putAllStringToInt32Field(source.getStringToInt32Field());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapValuesSet(TestMap message) {
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(11, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+    assertEquals(22, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(2).intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(3).intValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToStringField().size());
+    assertEquals("11", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(1));
+    assertEquals("22", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(2));
+    assertEquals("33", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(3));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToBytesField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("22"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(2));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("33"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(3));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToEnumField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(2));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAZ, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(3));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+    assertEquals(11, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(1).getValue());
+    assertEquals(22, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(2).getValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(3).getValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getStringToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(11, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("1").intValue());
+    assertEquals(22, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("2").intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("3").intValue());
+  }
+
+  private void updateMapValues(TestMap.Builder builder) {
+    builder
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 111)
+        .removeInt32ToInt32Field(2)
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(4, 44)
+        .putInt32ToStringField(1, "111")
+        .removeInt32ToStringField(2)
+        .putInt32ToStringField(4, "44")
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(1, TestUtil.toBytes("111"))
+        .removeInt32ToBytesField(2)
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(4, TestUtil.toBytes("44"))
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR)
+        .removeInt32ToEnumField(2)
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(4, TestMap.EnumValue.QUX)
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(1, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(111).build())
+        .removeInt32ToMessageField(2)
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(4, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(44).build())
+        .putStringToInt32Field("1", 111)
+        .removeStringToInt32Field("2")
+        .putStringToInt32Field("4", 44);
+  }
+
+  public void testUpdateMapValues() {
+    TestMap.Builder mapBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(mapBuilder);
+    TestMap map = mapBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(map);
+
+    mapBuilder = map.toBuilder();
+    updateMapValues(mapBuilder);
+    map = mapBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesUpdated(map);
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapValuesUpdated(TestMap message) {
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(111, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(3).intValue());
+    assertEquals(44, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(4).intValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToStringField().size());
+    assertEquals("111", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(1));
+    assertEquals("33", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(3));
+    assertEquals("44", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(4));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToBytesField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("111"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("33"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(3));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("44"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(4));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToEnumField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAZ, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(3));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.QUX, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(4));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+    assertEquals(111, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(1).getValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(3).getValue());
+    assertEquals(44, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(4).getValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getStringToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(111, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("1").intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("3").intValue());
+    assertEquals(44, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("4").intValue());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapValuesCleared(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testSanityCopyOnWrite() throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    // Since builders are implemented as a thin wrapper around a message
+    // instance, we attempt to verify that we can't cause the builder to modify
+    // a produced message.
+
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2);
+    assertTrue(message.getInt32ToInt32Field().isEmpty());
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), message.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(2, 3);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), message.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2, 2, 3), builder.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetMapIsImmutable() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder);
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder.build());
+
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder);
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapsAreImmutable(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32Field(), 1, 2);
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringField(), 1, "2");
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesField(), 1, TestUtil.toBytes("2"));
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumField(), 1, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+    assertImmutable(
+        testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageField(), 1, MessageValue.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32Field(), "1", 2);
+  }
+
+  private <K, V> void assertImmutable(Map<K, V> map, K key, V value) {
+    try {
+      map.put(key, value);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    if (!map.isEmpty()) {
+      try {
+        map.entrySet().remove(map.entrySet().iterator().next());
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // expected
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMutableMapLifecycle() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.build().getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(2, 3);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2, 2, 3), builder.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+
+    builder.putInt32ToEnumField(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR), builder.build().getInt32ToEnumField());
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR), builder.getInt32ToEnumField());
+    builder.putInt32ToEnumField(2, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+    assertEquals(
+        newMap(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, 2, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO), builder.getInt32ToEnumField());
+
+    builder.putInt32ToStringField(1, "1");
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, "1"), builder.build().getInt32ToStringField());
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, "1"), builder.getInt32ToStringField());
+    builder.putInt32ToStringField(2, "2");
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, "1", 2, "2"), builder.getInt32ToStringField());
+
+    builder.putInt32ToMessageField(1, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(
+        newMap(1, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance()),
+        builder.build().getInt32ToMessageField());
+    assertEquals(
+        newMap(1, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance()), builder.getInt32ToMessageField());
+    builder.putInt32ToMessageField(2, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(
+        newMap(
+            1,
+            TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance(),
+            2,
+            TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance()),
+        builder.getInt32ToMessageField());
+  }
+
+  public void testGettersAndSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesCleared(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    updateMapValues(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesUpdated(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    builder.clear();
+    assertMapValuesCleared(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesCleared(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testPutAll() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder sourceBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(sourceBuilder);
+    TestMap source = sourceBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(source);
+
+    TestMap.Builder destination = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    copyMapValues(source, destination);
+    assertMapValuesSet(destination.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testPutChecksNullKeysAndValues() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToStringField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToBytesField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToEnumField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToMessageField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putStringToInt32Field(null, 1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeAndParse() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), message.toByteString().size());
+    message = TestMap.parser().parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertMapValuesSet(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    updateMapValues(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), message.toByteString().size());
+    message = TestMap.parser().parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertMapValuesUpdated(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    builder.clear();
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), message.toByteString().size());
+    message = TestMap.parser().parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertMapValuesCleared(message);
+  }
+
+  private TestMap tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap bizarroMap) throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(byteArrayOutputStream);
+    bizarroMap.writeTo(output);
+    output.flush();
+    return TestMap.parser().parseFrom(ByteString.copyFrom(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseError() throws Exception {
+    ByteString bytes = TestUtil.toBytes("SOME BYTES");
+    String stringKey = "a string key";
+
+    TestMap map =
+        tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(5, bytes).build());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(5, -1));
+
+    map = tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToStringField(stringKey, 5).build());
+    assertEquals("", map.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(0, null));
+
+    map = tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToBytesField(stringKey, 5).build());
+    assertEquals(map.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(0, null), ByteString.EMPTY);
+
+    map =
+        tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToEnumField(stringKey, bytes).build());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, map.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(0, null));
+
+    try {
+      tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToMessageField(stringKey, bytes).build());
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+      assertTrue(expected.getUnfinishedMessage() instanceof TestMap);
+      map = (TestMap) expected.getUnfinishedMessage();
+      assertTrue(map.getInt32ToMessageField().isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    map =
+        tryParseTestMap(
+            BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putStringToInt32Field(stringKey, bytes).build());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault(stringKey, -1));
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeFrom() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    TestMap.Builder other = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    other.mergeFrom(message);
+    assertMapValuesSet(other.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testEqualsAndHashCode() throws Exception {
+    // Test that generated equals() and hashCode() will disregard the order
+    // of map entries when comparing/hashing map fields.
+
+    // We can't control the order of elements in a HashMap. The best we can do
+    // here is to add elements in different order.
+    TestMap m1 =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(3, 4)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(5, 6)
+            .build();
+
+    TestMap.Builder b2 =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(5, 6)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(3, 4);
+    TestMap m2 = b2.build();
+
+    assertEquals(m1, m2);
+    assertEquals(m1.hashCode(), m2.hashCode());
+
+    // Make sure we did compare map fields.
+    b2.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 0);
+    m2 = b2.build();
+    assertFalse(m1.equals(m2));
+    // Don't check m1.hashCode() != m2.hashCode() because it's not guaranteed
+    // to be different.
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownEnumValues() throws Exception {
+    ByteString data =
+        TestUnknownEnumValue.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 1)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(2, 54321)
+            .build()
+            .toByteString();
+
+    TestMap message = TestMap.parseFrom(data);
+    // Entries with unknown enum values will be stored into UnknownFieldSet so
+    // there is only one entry in the map.
+    assertEquals(1, message.getInt32ToEnumField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(1));
+    // Serializing and parsing should preserve the unknown entry.
+    data = message.toByteString();
+    TestUnknownEnumValue messageWithUnknownEnums = TestUnknownEnumValue.parseFrom(data);
+    assertEquals(2, messageWithUnknownEnums.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(1, messageWithUnknownEnums.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+    assertEquals(54321, messageWithUnknownEnums.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(2).intValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testIterationOrder() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        Arrays.asList("1", "2", "3"),
+        new ArrayList<String>(message.getStringToInt32Field().keySet()));
+  }
+
+  private static <K, V> Map<K, V> newMap(K key1, V value1) {
+    Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    map.put(key1, value1);
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private static <K, V> Map<K, V> newMap(K key1, V value1, K key2, V value2) {
+    Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    map.put(key1, value1);
+    map.put(key2, value2);
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  public void testGetMap() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getStringToInt32Field(), message.getStringToInt32FieldMap());
+    assertEquals(message.getInt32ToBytesField(), message.getInt32ToBytesFieldMap());
+    assertEquals(message.getInt32ToEnumField(), message.getInt32ToEnumFieldMap());
+    assertEquals(message.getInt32ToMessageField(), message.getInt32ToMessageFieldMap());
+  }
+
+  public void testContains() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    assertMapContainsSetValues(builder);
+    assertMapContainsSetValues(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapContainsSetValues(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("1"));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("2"));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("3"));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("-1"));
+  }
+
+  public void testCount() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapCounts(0, builder);
+
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    assertMapCounts(3, builder);
+
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertMapCounts(3, message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(4, 44);
+    assertEquals(4, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+    assertEquals(4, builder.build().getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+
+    // already present - should be unchanged
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(4, 44);
+    assertEquals(4, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapCounts(int expectedCount, TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetOrDefault() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapCounts(0, builder);
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void doTestGetOrDefault(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(1, -11));
+    assertEquals(-11, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(-1, -11));
+
+    assertEquals("11", testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(1, "-11"));
+    assertNull("-11", testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    assertNull(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    assertNull(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(
+        MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(11).build(),
+        testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    assertNull(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault("1", -11));
+    assertEquals(-11, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault("-1", -11));
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault(null, -11);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetOrThrow() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapCounts(0, builder);
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void doTestGetOrThrow(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals("11", testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(1));
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(1));
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(
+        MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(11).build(),
+        testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("1"));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("-1");
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow(null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testPut() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 11);
+    assertEquals(11, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(1));
+
+    builder.putInt32ToStringField(1, "a");
+    assertEquals("a", builder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToStringField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    builder.putInt32ToBytesField(1, TestUtil.toBytes("11"));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), builder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToBytesField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    builder.putInt32ToEnumField(1, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToEnumField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("a", 1);
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("a"));
+    try {
+      builder.putStringToInt32Field(null, -1);
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    assertEquals(11, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToInt32Field(1);
+      assertEquals(-1, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(1, -1));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals("11", builder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToStringField(1);
+      assertNull(builder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), builder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToBytesField(1);
+      assertNull(builder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToEnumField(1);
+      assertNull(builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(11, builder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("1"));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeStringToInt32Field("1");
+      assertEquals(-1, builder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault("1", -1));
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.removeStringToInt32Field(null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2Test.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2Test.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb706326c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2Test.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1180 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.BizarroTestMap;
+import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.ReservedAsMapField;
+import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue;
+import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestMap;
+import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestMap.MessageValue;
+import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestMap.MessageWithRequiredFields;
+import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestMapOrBuilder;
+import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestRecursiveMap;
+import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestUnknownEnumValue;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** Unit tests for map fields in proto2 protos. */
+public class MapForProto2Test extends TestCase {
+
+  private void setMapValuesUsingMutableMap(TestMap.Builder builder) {
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field().put(1, 11);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field().put(2, 22);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field().put(3, 33);
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField().put(1, "11");
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField().put(2, "22");
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField().put(3, "33");
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToBytesField().put(1, TestUtil.toBytes("11"));
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToBytesField().put(2, TestUtil.toBytes("22"));
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToBytesField().put(3, TestUtil.toBytes("33"));
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField().put(1, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField().put(2, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField().put(3, TestMap.EnumValue.BAZ);
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField().put(
+        1, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(11).build());
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField().put(
+        2, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(22).build());
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField().put(
+        3, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(33).build());
+  //
+    builder.getMutableStringToInt32Field().put("1", 11);
+    builder.getMutableStringToInt32Field().put("2", 22);
+    builder.getMutableStringToInt32Field().put("3", 33);
+  }
+
+  private void setMapValuesUsingAccessors(TestMap.Builder builder) {
+    builder
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 11)
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(2, 22)
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(3, 33)
+        .putInt32ToStringField(1, "11")
+        .putInt32ToStringField(2, "22")
+        .putInt32ToStringField(3, "33")
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(1, TestUtil.toBytes("11"))
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(2, TestUtil.toBytes("22"))
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(3, TestUtil.toBytes("33"))
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(1, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO)
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(2, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR)
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(3, TestMap.EnumValue.BAZ)
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(1, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(11).build())
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(2, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(22).build())
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(3, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(33).build())
+        .putStringToInt32Field("1", 11)
+        .putStringToInt32Field("2", 22)
+        .putStringToInt32Field("3", 33);
+  }
+
+  public void testSetMapValues() {
+    TestMap.Builder usingMutableMapBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingMutableMap(usingMutableMapBuilder);
+    TestMap usingMutableMap = usingMutableMapBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(usingMutableMap);
+
+    TestMap.Builder usingAccessorsBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(usingAccessorsBuilder);
+    TestMap usingAccessors = usingAccessorsBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(usingAccessors);
+
+    assertEquals(usingAccessors, usingMutableMap);
+  }
+
+  private void copyMapValues(TestMap source, TestMap.Builder destination) {
+    destination
+        .putAllInt32ToInt32Field(source.getInt32ToInt32Field())
+        .putAllInt32ToStringField(source.getInt32ToStringField())
+        .putAllInt32ToBytesField(source.getInt32ToBytesField())
+        .putAllInt32ToEnumField(source.getInt32ToEnumField())
+        .putAllInt32ToMessageField(source.getInt32ToMessageField())
+        .putAllStringToInt32Field(source.getStringToInt32Field());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapValuesSet(TestMapOrBuilder message) {
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(11, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+    assertEquals(22, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(2).intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(3).intValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToStringField().size());
+    assertEquals("11", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(1));
+    assertEquals("22", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(2));
+    assertEquals("33", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(3));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToBytesField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("22"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(2));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("33"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(3));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToEnumField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(2));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAZ, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(3));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+    assertEquals(11, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(1).getValue());
+    assertEquals(22, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(2).getValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(3).getValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getStringToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(11, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("1").intValue());
+    assertEquals(22, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("2").intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("3").intValue());
+  }
+
+  private void updateMapValuesUsingMutableMap(TestMap.Builder builder) {
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field().put(1, 111);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field().remove(2);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field().put(4, 44);
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField().put(1, "111");
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField().remove(2);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField().put(4, "44");
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToBytesField().put(1, TestUtil.toBytes("111"));
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToBytesField().remove(2);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToBytesField().put(4, TestUtil.toBytes("44"));
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField().put(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField().remove(2);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField().put(4, TestMap.EnumValue.QUX);
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField().put(
+        1, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(111).build());
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField().remove(2);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField().put(
+        4, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(44).build());
+  //
+    builder.getMutableStringToInt32Field().put("1", 111);
+    builder.getMutableStringToInt32Field().remove("2");
+    builder.getMutableStringToInt32Field().put("4", 44);
+  }
+
+  private void updateMapValuesUsingAccessors(TestMap.Builder builder) {
+    builder
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 111)
+        .removeInt32ToInt32Field(2)
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(4, 44)
+        .putInt32ToStringField(1, "111")
+        .removeInt32ToStringField(2)
+        .putInt32ToStringField(4, "44")
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(1, TestUtil.toBytes("111"))
+        .removeInt32ToBytesField(2)
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(4, TestUtil.toBytes("44"))
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR)
+        .removeInt32ToEnumField(2)
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(4, TestMap.EnumValue.QUX)
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(1, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(111).build())
+        .removeInt32ToMessageField(2)
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(4, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(44).build())
+        .putStringToInt32Field("1", 111)
+        .removeStringToInt32Field("2")
+        .putStringToInt32Field("4", 44);
+  }
+
+  public void testUpdateMapValues() {
+    TestMap.Builder usingMutableMapBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingMutableMap(usingMutableMapBuilder);
+    TestMap usingMutableMap = usingMutableMapBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(usingMutableMap);
+
+    TestMap.Builder usingAccessorsBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(usingAccessorsBuilder);
+    TestMap usingAccessors = usingAccessorsBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(usingAccessors);
+
+    assertEquals(usingAccessors, usingMutableMap);
+    //
+    usingMutableMapBuilder = usingMutableMap.toBuilder();
+    updateMapValuesUsingMutableMap(usingMutableMapBuilder);
+    usingMutableMap = usingMutableMapBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesUpdated(usingMutableMap);
+
+    usingAccessorsBuilder = usingAccessors.toBuilder();
+    updateMapValuesUsingAccessors(usingAccessorsBuilder);
+    usingAccessors = usingAccessorsBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesUpdated(usingAccessors);
+
+    assertEquals(usingAccessors, usingMutableMap);
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapValuesUpdated(TestMap message) {
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(111, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(3).intValue());
+    assertEquals(44, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(4).intValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToStringField().size());
+    assertEquals("111", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(1));
+    assertEquals("33", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(3));
+    assertEquals("44", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(4));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToBytesField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("111"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("33"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(3));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("44"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(4));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToEnumField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAZ, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(3));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.QUX, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(4));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+    assertEquals(111, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(1).getValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(3).getValue());
+    assertEquals(44, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(4).getValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getStringToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(111, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("1").intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("3").intValue());
+    assertEquals(44, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("4").intValue());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapValuesCleared(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetMapIsImmutable() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder);
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder.build());
+
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder);
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapsAreImmutable(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32Field(), 1, 2);
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringField(), 1, "2");
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesField(), 1, TestUtil.toBytes("2"));
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumField(), 1, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+    assertImmutable(
+        testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageField(), 1, MessageValue.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32Field(), "1", 2);
+  }
+
+  private <K, V> void assertImmutable(Map<K, V> map, K key, V value) {
+    try {
+      map.put(key, value);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMutableMapLifecycle() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    Map<Integer, Integer> intMap = builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field();
+    intMap.put(1, 2);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.build().getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    try {
+      intMap.put(2, 3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field().put(2, 3);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2, 2, 3), builder.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+  //
+    Map<Integer, TestMap.EnumValue> enumMap = builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField();
+    enumMap.put(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR), builder.build().getInt32ToEnumField());
+    try {
+      enumMap.put(2, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR), builder.getInt32ToEnumField());
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField().put(2, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+    assertEquals(
+        newMap(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, 2, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO),
+        builder.getInt32ToEnumField());
+  //
+    Map<Integer, String> stringMap = builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField();
+    stringMap.put(1, "1");
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, "1"), builder.build().getInt32ToStringField());
+    try {
+      stringMap.put(2, "2");
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, "1"), builder.getInt32ToStringField());
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField().put(2, "2");
+    assertEquals(
+        newMap(1, "1", 2, "2"),
+        builder.getInt32ToStringField());
+  //
+    Map<Integer, TestMap.MessageValue> messageMap = builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField();
+    messageMap.put(1, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance()),
+        builder.build().getInt32ToMessageField());
+    try {
+      messageMap.put(2, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance()),
+        builder.getInt32ToMessageField());
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField().put(2, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(
+        newMap(1, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance(),
+            2, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance()),
+        builder.getInt32ToMessageField());
+  }
+  //
+  public void testMutableMapLifecycle_collections() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    Map<Integer, Integer> intMap = builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field();
+    intMap.put(1, 2);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.build().getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    try {
+      intMap.remove(2);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    try {
+      intMap.entrySet().remove(new Object());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    try {
+      intMap.entrySet().iterator().remove();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    try {
+      intMap.keySet().remove(new Object());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    try {
+      intMap.values().remove(new Object());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    try {
+      intMap.values().iterator().remove();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), intMap);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.build().getInt32ToInt32Field());
+  }
+  //
+  private static <K, V> Map<K, V> newMap(K key1, V value1) {
+    Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<K, V>();
+    map.put(key1, value1);
+    return map;
+  }
+  //
+  private static <K, V> Map<K, V> newMap(K key1, V value1, K key2, V value2) {
+    Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<K, V>();
+    map.put(key1, value1);
+    map.put(key2, value2);
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  public void testGettersAndSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesCleared(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    updateMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesUpdated(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    builder.clear();
+    assertMapValuesCleared(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesCleared(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testPutAll() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder sourceBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(sourceBuilder);
+    TestMap source = sourceBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(source);
+
+    TestMap.Builder destination = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    copyMapValues(source, destination);
+    assertMapValuesSet(destination.build());
+
+    assertEquals(3, destination.getInt32ToEnumFieldCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testPutChecksNullKeysAndValues() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToStringField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToBytesField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToEnumField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToMessageField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putStringToInt32Field(null, 1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeAndParse() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), message.toByteString().size());
+    message = TestMap.parser().parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertMapValuesSet(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    updateMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), message.toByteString().size());
+    message = TestMap.parser().parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertMapValuesUpdated(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    builder.clear();
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), message.toByteString().size());
+    message = TestMap.parser().parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertMapValuesCleared(message);
+  }
+
+  private TestMap tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap bizarroMap) throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(byteArrayOutputStream);
+    bizarroMap.writeTo(output);
+    output.flush();
+    return TestMap.parser().parseFrom(ByteString.copyFrom(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseError() throws Exception {
+    ByteString bytes = TestUtil.toBytes("SOME BYTES");
+    String stringKey = "a string key";
+
+    TestMap map =
+        tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(5, bytes).build());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(5, -1));
+
+    map = tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToStringField(stringKey, 5).build());
+    assertEquals("", map.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(0, null));
+
+    map = tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToBytesField(stringKey, 5).build());
+    assertEquals(map.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(0, null), ByteString.EMPTY);
+
+    map =
+        tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToEnumField(stringKey, bytes).build());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, map.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(0, null));
+
+    try {
+      tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToMessageField(stringKey, bytes).build());
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+      assertTrue(expected.getUnfinishedMessage() instanceof TestMap);
+      map = (TestMap) expected.getUnfinishedMessage();
+      assertTrue(map.getInt32ToMessageField().isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    map =
+        tryParseTestMap(
+            BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putStringToInt32Field(stringKey, bytes).build());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault(stringKey, -1));
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeFrom() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    TestMap.Builder other = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    other.mergeFrom(message);
+    assertMapValuesSet(other.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testEqualsAndHashCode() throws Exception {
+    // Test that generated equals() and hashCode() will disregard the order
+    // of map entries when comparing/hashing map fields.
+
+    // We can't control the order of elements in a HashMap. The best we can do
+    // here is to add elements in different order.
+    TestMap.Builder b1 = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    b1.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2);
+    b1.putInt32ToInt32Field(3, 4);
+    b1.putInt32ToInt32Field(5, 6);
+    TestMap m1 = b1.build();
+
+    TestMap.Builder b2 = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    b2.putInt32ToInt32Field(5, 6);
+    b2.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2);
+    b2.putInt32ToInt32Field(3, 4);
+    TestMap m2 = b2.build();
+
+    assertEquals(m1, m2);
+    assertEquals(m1.hashCode(), m2.hashCode());
+
+    // Make sure we did compare map fields.
+    b2.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 0);
+    m2 = b2.build();
+    assertFalse(m1.equals(m2));
+    // Don't check m1.hashCode() != m2.hashCode() because it's not guaranteed
+    // to be different.
+  }
+
+
+  // The following methods are used to test reflection API.
+
+  private static FieldDescriptor f(String name) {
+    return TestMap.getDescriptor().findFieldByName(name);
+  }
+
+  private static Object getFieldValue(Message mapEntry, String name) {
+    FieldDescriptor field = mapEntry.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName(name);
+    return mapEntry.getField(field);
+  }
+
+  private static Message.Builder setFieldValue(
+      Message.Builder mapEntry, String name, Object value) {
+    FieldDescriptor field = mapEntry.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName(name);
+    mapEntry.setField(field, value);
+    return mapEntry;
+  }
+
+  private static void assertHasMapValues(Message message, String name, Map<?, ?> values) {
+    FieldDescriptor field = f(name);
+    for (Object entry : (List<?>) message.getField(field)) {
+      Message mapEntry = (Message) entry;
+      Object key = getFieldValue(mapEntry, "key");
+      Object value = getFieldValue(mapEntry, "value");
+      assertTrue(values.containsKey(key));
+      assertEquals(value, values.get(key));
+    }
+    assertEquals(values.size(), message.getRepeatedFieldCount(field));
+    for (int i = 0; i < message.getRepeatedFieldCount(field); i++) {
+      Message mapEntry = (Message) message.getRepeatedField(field, i);
+      Object key = getFieldValue(mapEntry, "key");
+      Object value = getFieldValue(mapEntry, "value");
+      assertTrue(values.containsKey(key));
+      assertEquals(value, values.get(key));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static <K, V> Message newMapEntry(Message.Builder builder, String name, K key, V value) {
+    FieldDescriptor field = builder.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName(name);
+    Message.Builder entryBuilder = builder.newBuilderForField(field);
+    FieldDescriptor keyField = entryBuilder.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("key");
+    FieldDescriptor valueField = entryBuilder.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("value");
+    entryBuilder.setField(keyField, key);
+    entryBuilder.setField(valueField, value);
+    return entryBuilder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static void setMapValues(Message.Builder builder, String name, Map<?, ?> values) {
+    List<Message> entryList = new ArrayList<Message>();
+    for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : values.entrySet()) {
+      entryList.add(newMapEntry(builder, name, entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
+    }
+    FieldDescriptor field = builder.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName(name);
+    builder.setField(field, entryList);
+  }
+
+  private static <K, V> Map<K, V> mapForValues(K key1, V value1, K key2, V value2) {
+    Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<K, V>();
+    map.put(key1, value1);
+    map.put(key2, value2);
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionApi() throws Exception {
+    // In reflection API, map fields are just repeated message fields.
+    TestMap.Builder builder =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(3, 4)
+            .putInt32ToMessageField(11, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(22).build())
+            .putInt32ToMessageField(33, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(44).build());
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    // Test getField(), getRepeatedFieldCount(), getRepeatedField().
+    assertHasMapValues(message, "int32_to_int32_field", mapForValues(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    assertHasMapValues(
+        message,
+        "int32_to_message_field",
+        mapForValues(
+            11, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(22).build(),
+            33, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(44).build()));
+
+    // Test clearField()
+    builder.clearField(f("int32_to_int32_field"));
+    builder.clearField(f("int32_to_message_field"));
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+
+    // Test setField()
+    setMapValues(builder, "int32_to_int32_field", mapForValues(11, 22, 33, 44));
+    setMapValues(
+        builder,
+        "int32_to_message_field",
+        mapForValues(
+            111, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(222).build(),
+            333, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(444).build()));
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(22, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(11).intValue());
+    assertEquals(44, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(33).intValue());
+    assertEquals(222, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(111).getValue());
+    assertEquals(444, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(333).getValue());
+
+    // Test addRepeatedField
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        f("int32_to_int32_field"), newMapEntry(builder, "int32_to_int32_field", 55, 66));
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        f("int32_to_message_field"),
+        newMapEntry(
+            builder,
+            "int32_to_message_field",
+            555,
+            MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(666).build()));
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(66, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(55).intValue());
+    assertEquals(666, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(555).getValue());
+
+    // Test addRepeatedField (overriding existing values)
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        f("int32_to_int32_field"), newMapEntry(builder, "int32_to_int32_field", 55, 55));
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        f("int32_to_message_field"),
+        newMapEntry(
+            builder,
+            "int32_to_message_field",
+            555,
+            MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(555).build()));
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(55, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(55).intValue());
+    assertEquals(555, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(555).getValue());
+
+    // Test setRepeatedField
+    for (int i = 0; i < builder.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("int32_to_int32_field")); i++) {
+      Message mapEntry = (Message) builder.getRepeatedField(f("int32_to_int32_field"), i);
+      int oldKey = ((Integer) getFieldValue(mapEntry, "key")).intValue();
+      int oldValue = ((Integer) getFieldValue(mapEntry, "value")).intValue();
+      // Swap key with value for each entry.
+      Message.Builder mapEntryBuilder = mapEntry.toBuilder();
+      setFieldValue(mapEntryBuilder, "key", oldValue);
+      setFieldValue(mapEntryBuilder, "value", oldKey);
+      builder.setRepeatedField(f("int32_to_int32_field"), i, mapEntryBuilder.build());
+    }
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(11, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(22).intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(44).intValue());
+    assertEquals(55, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(55).intValue());
+  }
+
+  // See additional coverage in TextFormatTest.java.
+  public void testTextFormat() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    String textData = TextFormat.printer().printToString(message);
+
+    builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(textData, builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+
+    assertMapValuesSet(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    Message dynamicDefaultInstance = DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(TestMap.getDescriptor());
+    Message dynamicMessage =
+        dynamicDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(message.toByteString()).build();
+
+    assertEquals(message, dynamicMessage);
+    assertEquals(message.hashCode(), dynamicMessage.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  // Check that DynamicMessage handles map field serialization the same way as generated code
+  // regarding unset key and value field in a map entry.
+  public void testDynamicMessageUnsetKeyAndValue() throws Exception {
+    FieldDescriptor field = f("int32_to_int32_field");
+
+    Message dynamicDefaultInstance = DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(TestMap.getDescriptor());
+    Message.Builder builder = dynamicDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+    // Add an entry without key and value.
+    builder.addRepeatedField(field, builder.newBuilderForField(field).build());
+    Message message = builder.build();
+    ByteString bytes = message.toByteString();
+    // Parse it back to the same generated type.
+    Message generatedMessage = TestMap.parseFrom(bytes);
+    // Assert the serialized bytes are equivalent.
+    assertEquals(generatedMessage.toByteString(), bytes);
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionEqualsAndHashCode() throws Exception {
+    // Test that generated equals() and hashCode() will disregard the order
+    // of map entries when comparing/hashing map fields.
+
+    // We use DynamicMessage to test reflection based equals()/hashCode().
+    Message dynamicDefaultInstance = DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(TestMap.getDescriptor());
+    FieldDescriptor field = f("int32_to_int32_field");
+
+    Message.Builder b1 = dynamicDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+    b1.addRepeatedField(field, newMapEntry(b1, "int32_to_int32_field", 1, 2));
+    b1.addRepeatedField(field, newMapEntry(b1, "int32_to_int32_field", 3, 4));
+    b1.addRepeatedField(field, newMapEntry(b1, "int32_to_int32_field", 5, 6));
+    Message m1 = b1.build();
+
+    Message.Builder b2 = dynamicDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+    b2.addRepeatedField(field, newMapEntry(b2, "int32_to_int32_field", 5, 6));
+    b2.addRepeatedField(field, newMapEntry(b2, "int32_to_int32_field", 1, 2));
+    b2.addRepeatedField(field, newMapEntry(b2, "int32_to_int32_field", 3, 4));
+    Message m2 = b2.build();
+
+    assertEquals(m1, m2);
+    assertEquals(m1.hashCode(), m2.hashCode());
+
+    // Make sure we did compare map fields.
+    b2.setRepeatedField(field, 0, newMapEntry(b1, "int32_to_int32_field", 0, 0));
+    m2 = b2.build();
+    assertFalse(m1.equals(m2));
+    // Don't check m1.hashCode() != m2.hashCode() because it's not guaranteed
+    // to be different.
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownEnumValues() throws Exception {
+    TestUnknownEnumValue.Builder builder =
+        TestUnknownEnumValue.newBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 1).putInt32ToInt32Field(2, 54321);
+    ByteString data = builder.build().toByteString();
+
+    TestMap message = TestMap.parseFrom(data);
+    // Entries with unknown enum values will be stored into UnknownFieldSet so
+    // there is only one entry in the map.
+    assertEquals(1, message.getInt32ToEnumField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(1));
+    // UnknownFieldSet should not be empty.
+    assertFalse(message.getUnknownFields().asMap().isEmpty());
+    // Serializing and parsing should preserve the unknown entry.
+    data = message.toByteString();
+    TestUnknownEnumValue messageWithUnknownEnums = TestUnknownEnumValue.parseFrom(data);
+    assertEquals(2, messageWithUnknownEnums.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(1, messageWithUnknownEnums.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+    assertEquals(54321, messageWithUnknownEnums.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(2).intValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testRequiredMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    builder.putRequiredMessageMap(0, MessageWithRequiredFields.newBuilder().buildPartial());
+    TestMap message = builder.buildPartial();
+    assertFalse(message.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.putRequiredMessageMap(0, MessageWithRequiredFields.newBuilder().setValue(1).build());
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertTrue(message.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testRecursiveMap() throws Exception {
+    TestRecursiveMap.Builder builder = TestRecursiveMap.newBuilder();
+    builder.putRecursiveMapField(1, TestRecursiveMap.newBuilder().setValue(2).build());
+    builder.putRecursiveMapField(3, TestRecursiveMap.newBuilder().setValue(4).build());
+    ByteString data = builder.build().toByteString();
+
+    TestRecursiveMap message = TestRecursiveMap.parseFrom(data);
+    assertEquals(2, message.getRecursiveMapField().get(1).getValue());
+    assertEquals(4, message.getRecursiveMapField().get(3).getValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testIterationOrder() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        Arrays.asList("1", "2", "3"),
+        new ArrayList<String>(message.getStringToInt32Field().keySet()));
+  }
+
+  public void testContains() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    assertMapContainsSetValues(builder);
+    assertMapContainsSetValues(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapContainsSetValues(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("1"));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("2"));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("3"));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("-1"));
+  }
+
+  public void testCount() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapCounts(0, builder);
+
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    assertMapCounts(3, builder);
+
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertMapCounts(3, message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(4, 44);
+    assertEquals(4, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+    assertEquals(4, builder.build().getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+
+    // already present - should be unchanged
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(4, 44);
+    assertEquals(4, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapCounts(int expectedCount, TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetOrDefault() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapCounts(0, builder);
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void doTestGetOrDefault(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(1, -11));
+    assertEquals(-11, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(-1, -11));
+
+    assertEquals("11", testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(1, "-11"));
+    assertNull("-11", testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    assertNull(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    assertNull(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(
+        MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(11).build(),
+        testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    assertNull(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault("1", -11));
+    assertEquals(-11, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault("-1", -11));
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault(null, -11);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetOrThrow() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapCounts(0, builder);
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void doTestGetOrThrow(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals("11", testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(1));
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(1));
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(
+        MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(11).build(),
+        testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("1"));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("-1");
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow(null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testPut() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 11);
+    assertEquals(11, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(1));
+
+    builder.putInt32ToStringField(1, "a");
+    assertEquals("a", builder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToStringField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    builder.putInt32ToBytesField(1, TestUtil.toBytes("11"));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), builder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToBytesField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    builder.putInt32ToEnumField(1, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToEnumField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("a", 1);
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("a"));
+    try {
+      builder.putStringToInt32Field(null, -1);
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    assertEquals(11, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToInt32Field(1);
+      assertEquals(-1, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(1, -1));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals("11", builder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToStringField(1);
+      assertNull(builder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), builder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToBytesField(1);
+      assertNull(builder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToEnumField(1);
+      assertNull(builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(11, builder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("1"));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeStringToInt32Field("1");
+      assertEquals(-1, builder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault("1", -1));
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.removeStringToInt32Field(null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Regression test for b/20494788
+  public void testMapInitializationOrder() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(
+        "RedactAllTypes",
+        map_test.RedactAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()
+            .getDescriptorForType()
+            .getName());
+
+    map_test.Message1.Builder builder =
+        map_test.Message1.newBuilder();
+    builder.putMapField("key", true);
+    map_test.Message1 message = builder.build();
+    Message mapEntry =
+        (Message)
+            message.getRepeatedField(
+                message.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("map_field"), 0);
+    assertEquals(2, mapEntry.getAllFields().size());
+  }
+
+  public void testReservedWordsFieldNames() {
+    ReservedAsMapField.newBuilder().build();
+    ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue.newBuilder().build();
+  }
+
+  public void testGetMap() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    assertMapValuesSet(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getStringToInt32Field(), message.getStringToInt32FieldMap());
+    assertEquals(message.getInt32ToBytesField(), message.getInt32ToBytesFieldMap());
+    assertEquals(message.getInt32ToEnumField(), message.getInt32ToEnumFieldMap());
+    assertEquals(message.getInt32ToMessageField(), message.getInt32ToMessageFieldMap());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapLiteTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapLiteTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d18fd13e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapLiteTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,894 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+
+import map_lite_test.MapTestProto.BizarroTestMap;
+import map_lite_test.MapTestProto.TestMap;
+import map_lite_test.MapTestProto.TestMap.MessageValue;
+import map_lite_test.MapTestProto.TestMapOrBuilder;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** Unit tests for map fields. */
+public final class MapLiteTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private void setMapValues(TestMap.Builder builder) {
+    builder
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 11)
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(2, 22)
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(3, 33)
+        .putInt32ToStringField(1, "11")
+        .putInt32ToStringField(2, "22")
+        .putInt32ToStringField(3, "33")
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(1, TestUtil.toBytes("11"))
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(2, TestUtil.toBytes("22"))
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(3, TestUtil.toBytes("33"))
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(1, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO)
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(2, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR)
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(3, TestMap.EnumValue.BAZ)
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(1, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(11).build())
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(2, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(22).build())
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(3, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(33).build())
+        .putStringToInt32Field("1", 11)
+        .putStringToInt32Field("2", 22)
+        .putStringToInt32Field("3", 33);
+  }
+
+  public void testSetMapValues() {
+    TestMap.Builder usingMutableMapBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(usingMutableMapBuilder);
+    TestMap usingMutableMap = usingMutableMapBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(usingMutableMap);
+
+    TestMap.Builder usingAccessorsBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(usingAccessorsBuilder);
+    TestMap usingAccessors = usingAccessorsBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(usingAccessors);
+    assertEquals(usingAccessors, usingMutableMap);
+  }
+
+  private void copyMapValues(TestMap source, TestMap.Builder destination) {
+    destination
+        .putAllInt32ToInt32Field(source.getInt32ToInt32Field())
+        .putAllInt32ToStringField(source.getInt32ToStringField())
+        .putAllInt32ToBytesField(source.getInt32ToBytesField())
+        .putAllInt32ToEnumField(source.getInt32ToEnumField())
+        .putAllInt32ToMessageField(source.getInt32ToMessageField())
+        .putAllStringToInt32Field(source.getStringToInt32Field());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapValuesSet(TestMap message) {
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(11, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+    assertEquals(22, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(2).intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(3).intValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToStringField().size());
+    assertEquals("11", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(1));
+    assertEquals("22", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(2));
+    assertEquals("33", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(3));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToBytesField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("22"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(2));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("33"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(3));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToEnumField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(2));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAZ, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(3));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+    assertEquals(11, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(1).getValue());
+    assertEquals(22, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(2).getValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(3).getValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getStringToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(11, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("1").intValue());
+    assertEquals(22, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("2").intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("3").intValue());
+  }
+
+  private void updateMapValues(TestMap.Builder builder) {
+    builder
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 111)
+        .removeInt32ToInt32Field(2)
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(4, 44)
+        .putInt32ToStringField(1, "111")
+        .removeInt32ToStringField(2)
+        .putInt32ToStringField(4, "44")
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(1, TestUtil.toBytes("111"))
+        .removeInt32ToBytesField(2)
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(4, TestUtil.toBytes("44"))
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR)
+        .removeInt32ToEnumField(2)
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(4, TestMap.EnumValue.QUX)
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(1, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(111).build())
+        .removeInt32ToMessageField(2)
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(4, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(44).build())
+        .putStringToInt32Field("1", 111)
+        .removeStringToInt32Field("2")
+        .putStringToInt32Field("4", 44);
+  }
+
+  public void testUpdateMapValues() {
+    TestMap.Builder mapBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(mapBuilder);
+    TestMap map = mapBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(map);
+
+    mapBuilder = map.toBuilder();
+    updateMapValues(mapBuilder);
+    map = mapBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesUpdated(map);
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapValuesUpdated(TestMap message) {
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(111, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(3).intValue());
+    assertEquals(44, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(4).intValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToStringField().size());
+    assertEquals("111", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(1));
+    assertEquals("33", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(3));
+    assertEquals("44", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(4));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToBytesField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("111"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("33"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(3));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("44"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(4));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToEnumField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAZ, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(3));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.QUX, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(4));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+    assertEquals(111, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(1).getValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(3).getValue());
+    assertEquals(44, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(4).getValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getStringToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(111, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("1").intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("3").intValue());
+    assertEquals(44, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("4").intValue());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapValuesCleared(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testSanityCopyOnWrite() throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    // Since builders are implemented as a thin wrapper around a message
+    // instance, we attempt to verify that we can't cause the builder to modify
+    // a produced message.
+
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2);
+    assertTrue(message.getInt32ToInt32Field().isEmpty());
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(2, 3);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), message.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2, 2, 3), builder.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetMapIsImmutable() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder);
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder.build());
+
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder);
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapsAreImmutable(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32Field(), 1, 2);
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringField(), 1, "2");
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesField(), 1, TestUtil.toBytes("2"));
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumField(), 1, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+    assertImmutable(
+        testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageField(), 1, MessageValue.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32Field(), "1", 2);
+  }
+
+  private <K, V> void assertImmutable(Map<K, V> map, K key, V value) {
+    try {
+      map.put(key, value);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    if (!map.isEmpty()) {
+      try {
+        map.entrySet().remove(map.entrySet().iterator().next());
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // expected
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMapFieldClear() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2);
+    builder.clearInt32ToInt32Field();
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testMutableMapLifecycle() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.build().getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(2, 3);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2, 2, 3), builder.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+
+    builder.putInt32ToEnumField(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR), builder.build().getInt32ToEnumField());
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR), builder.getInt32ToEnumField());
+    builder.putInt32ToEnumField(2, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+    assertEquals(
+        newMap(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, 2, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO), builder.getInt32ToEnumField());
+
+    builder.putInt32ToStringField(1, "1");
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, "1"), builder.build().getInt32ToStringField());
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, "1"), builder.getInt32ToStringField());
+    builder.putInt32ToStringField(2, "2");
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, "1", 2, "2"), builder.getInt32ToStringField());
+
+    builder.putInt32ToMessageField(1, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(
+        newMap(1, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance()),
+        builder.build().getInt32ToMessageField());
+    assertEquals(
+        newMap(1, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance()), builder.getInt32ToMessageField());
+    builder.putInt32ToMessageField(2, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(
+        newMap(
+            1,
+            TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance(),
+            2,
+            TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance()),
+        builder.getInt32ToMessageField());
+  }
+
+  public void testGettersAndSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesCleared(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    updateMapValues(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesUpdated(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    builder.clear();
+    assertMapValuesCleared(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesCleared(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testPutAll() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder sourceBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(sourceBuilder);
+    TestMap source = sourceBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(source);
+
+    TestMap.Builder destination = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    copyMapValues(source, destination);
+    assertMapValuesSet(destination.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testPutAllForUnknownEnumValues() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder sourceBuilder =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(0, 0)
+            .putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(1, 1)
+            .putAllInt32ToEnumFieldValue(newMap(2, 1000)); // unknown value.
+    TestMap source = sourceBuilder.build();
+
+    TestMap.Builder destinationBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    destinationBuilder.putAllInt32ToEnumFieldValue(source.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue());
+    TestMap destination = destinationBuilder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(0, destination.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue().get(0).intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, destination.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue().get(1).intValue());
+    assertEquals(1000, destination.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue().get(2).intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, destination.getInt32ToEnumFieldCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testPutForUnknownEnumValues() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(0, 0)
+            .putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(1, 1)
+            .putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(2, 1000); // unknown value.
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrThrow(0));
+    assertEquals(1, message.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrThrow(1));
+    assertEquals(1000, message.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrThrow(2));
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToEnumFieldCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testPutChecksNullKeysAndValues() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToStringField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToBytesField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToEnumField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToMessageField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putStringToInt32Field(null, 1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeAndParse() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), message.toByteString().size());
+    message = TestMap.parser().parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertMapValuesSet(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    updateMapValues(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), message.toByteString().size());
+    message = TestMap.parser().parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertMapValuesUpdated(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    builder.clear();
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), message.toByteString().size());
+    message = TestMap.parser().parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertMapValuesCleared(message);
+  }
+
+  private TestMap tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap bizarroMap) throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(byteArrayOutputStream);
+    bizarroMap.writeTo(output);
+    output.flush();
+    return TestMap.parser().parseFrom(ByteString.copyFrom(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseError() throws Exception {
+    ByteString bytes = TestUtil.toBytes("SOME BYTES");
+    String stringKey = "a string key";
+
+    TestMap map =
+        tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(5, bytes).build());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(5, -1));
+
+    map = tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToStringField(stringKey, 5).build());
+    assertEquals("", map.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(0, null));
+
+    map = tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToBytesField(stringKey, 5).build());
+    assertEquals(map.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(0, null), ByteString.EMPTY);
+
+    map =
+        tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToEnumField(stringKey, bytes).build());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, map.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(0, null));
+
+    try {
+      tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToMessageField(stringKey, bytes).build());
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+      assertTrue(expected.getUnfinishedMessage() instanceof TestMap);
+      map = (TestMap) expected.getUnfinishedMessage();
+      assertTrue(map.getInt32ToMessageField().isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    map =
+        tryParseTestMap(
+            BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putStringToInt32Field(stringKey, bytes).build());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault(stringKey, -1));
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeFrom() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    TestMap.Builder other = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    other.mergeFrom(message);
+    assertMapValuesSet(other.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testEqualsAndHashCode() throws Exception {
+    // Test that generated equals() and hashCode() will disregard the order
+    // of map entries when comparing/hashing map fields.
+
+    // We can't control the order of elements in a HashMap. The best we can do
+    // here is to add elements in different order.
+    TestMap.Builder b1 =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(3, 4)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(5, 6);
+    TestMap m1 = b1.build();
+
+    TestMap.Builder b2 =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(5, 6)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(3, 4);
+    TestMap m2 = b2.build();
+
+    assertEquals(m1, m2);
+    assertEquals(m1.hashCode(), m2.hashCode());
+
+    // Make sure we did compare map fields.
+    b2.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 0);
+    m2 = b2.build();
+    assertFalse(m1.equals(m2));
+    // Don't check m1.hashCode() != m2.hashCode() because it's not guaranteed
+    // to be different.
+
+    // Regression test for b/18549190: if a map is a subset of the other map,
+    // equals() should return false.
+    b2.removeInt32ToInt32Field(1);
+    m2 = b2.build();
+    assertFalse(m1.equals(m2));
+    assertFalse(m2.equals(m1));
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownEnumValues() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(0, 0)
+            .putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(1, 1)
+            .putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(2, 1000); // unknown value.
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(0));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.UNRECOGNIZED, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(2));
+
+    builder.putAllInt32ToEnumFieldValue(newMap(2, 1000)); // unknown value.
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.UNRECOGNIZED, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(2));
+
+    // Unknown enum values should be preserved after:
+    //   1. Serialization and parsing.
+    //   2. toBuild().
+    //   3. mergeFrom().
+    message = TestMap.parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertEquals(1000, message.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue().get(2).intValue());
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    assertEquals(1000, builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue().get(2).intValue());
+    builder = TestMap.newBuilder().mergeFrom(message);
+    assertEquals(1000, builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue().get(2).intValue());
+
+    // hashCode()/equals() should take unknown enum values into account.
+    builder.putAllInt32ToEnumFieldValue(newMap(2, 1001));
+    TestMap message2 = builder.build();
+    assertFalse(message.hashCode() == message2.hashCode());
+    assertFalse(message.equals(message2));
+    // Unknown values will be converted to UNRECOGNIZED so the resulted enum map
+    // should be the same.
+    assertEquals(message2.getInt32ToEnumField(), message.getInt32ToEnumField());
+  }
+
+  public void testIterationOrder() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        Arrays.asList("1", "2", "3"), new ArrayList<>(message.getStringToInt32Field().keySet()));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetMap() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getStringToInt32Field(), message.getStringToInt32FieldMap());
+    assertEquals(message.getInt32ToBytesField(), message.getInt32ToBytesFieldMap());
+    assertEquals(message.getInt32ToEnumField(), message.getInt32ToEnumFieldMap());
+    assertEquals(message.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue(), message.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueMap());
+    assertEquals(message.getInt32ToMessageField(), message.getInt32ToMessageFieldMap());
+  }
+
+  public void testContains() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    assertMapContainsSetValues(builder);
+    assertMapContainsSetValues(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapContainsSetValues(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("1"));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("2"));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("3"));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("-1"));
+  }
+
+  public void testCount() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapCounts(0, builder);
+
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    assertMapCounts(3, builder);
+
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertMapCounts(3, message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(4, 44);
+    assertEquals(4, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+    assertEquals(4, builder.build().getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+
+    // already present - should be unchanged
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(4, 44);
+    assertEquals(4, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapCounts(int expectedCount, TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetOrDefault() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapCounts(0, builder);
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void doTestGetOrDefault(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(1, -11));
+    assertEquals(-11, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(-1, -11));
+
+    assertEquals("11", testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(1, "-11"));
+    assertNull("-11", testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    assertNull(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    assertNull(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(
+        TestMap.EnumValue.BAR.getNumber(),
+        testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrDefault(2, -1));
+    assertEquals(-1, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrDefault(-1000, -1));
+
+    assertEquals(
+        MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(11).build(),
+        testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    assertNull(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault("1", -11));
+    assertEquals(-11, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault("-1", -11));
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault(null, -11);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetOrThrow() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapCounts(0, builder);
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void doTestGetOrThrow(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals("11", testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(1));
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(1));
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(
+        TestMap.EnumValue.BAR.getNumber(), testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrThrow(2));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(
+        MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(11).build(),
+        testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("1"));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("-1");
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow(null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testPut() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 11);
+    assertEquals(11, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(1));
+
+    builder.putInt32ToStringField(1, "a");
+    assertEquals("a", builder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToStringField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    builder.putInt32ToBytesField(1, TestUtil.toBytes("11"));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), builder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToBytesField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    builder.putInt32ToEnumField(1, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToEnumField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("a", 1);
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("a"));
+    try {
+      builder.putStringToInt32Field(null, -1);
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValues(builder);
+    assertEquals(11, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToInt32Field(1);
+      assertEquals(-1, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(1, -1));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals("11", builder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToStringField(1);
+      assertNull(builder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), builder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToBytesField(1);
+      assertNull(builder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToEnumField(1);
+      assertNull(builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(11, builder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("1"));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeStringToInt32Field("1");
+      assertEquals(-1, builder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault("1", -1));
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.removeStringToInt32Field(null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static <K, V> Map<K, V> newMap(K key1, V value1) {
+    Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    map.put(key1, value1);
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private static <K, V> Map<K, V> newMap(K key1, V value1, K key2, V value2) {
+    Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    map.put(key1, value1);
+    map.put(key2, value2);
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  public void testMap_withNulls() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+
+    try {
+      builder.putStringToInt32Field(null, 3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putAllStringToInt32Field(newMap(null, 3, "hi", 4));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToMessageField(3, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putAllInt32ToMessageField(
+          MapLiteTest.<Integer, MessageValue>newMap(4, null, 5, null));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putAllInt32ToMessageField(null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+    }
+
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[0], builder.build().toByteArray());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f1ebaed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1507 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import map_test.MapTestProto.BizarroTestMap;
+import map_test.MapTestProto.ReservedAsMapField;
+import map_test.MapTestProto.ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue;
+import map_test.MapTestProto.TestMap;
+import map_test.MapTestProto.TestMap.MessageValue;
+import map_test.MapTestProto.TestMapOrBuilder;
+import map_test.MapTestProto.TestOnChangeEventPropagation;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** Unit tests for map fields. */
+public class MapTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private void setMapValuesUsingMutableMap(TestMap.Builder builder) {
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field().put(1, 11);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field().put(2, 22);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field().put(3, 33);
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField().put(1, "11");
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField().put(2, "22");
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField().put(3, "33");
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToBytesField().put(1, TestUtil.toBytes("11"));
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToBytesField().put(2, TestUtil.toBytes("22"));
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToBytesField().put(3, TestUtil.toBytes("33"));
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField().put(1, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField().put(2, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField().put(3, TestMap.EnumValue.BAZ);
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField().put(
+        1, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(11).build());
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField().put(
+        2, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(22).build());
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField().put(
+        3, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(33).build());
+  //
+    builder.getMutableStringToInt32Field().put("1", 11);
+    builder.getMutableStringToInt32Field().put("2", 22);
+    builder.getMutableStringToInt32Field().put("3", 33);
+  }
+
+  private void setMapValuesUsingAccessors(TestMap.Builder builder) {
+    builder
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 11)
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(2, 22)
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(3, 33)
+        .putInt32ToStringField(1, "11")
+        .putInt32ToStringField(2, "22")
+        .putInt32ToStringField(3, "33")
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(1, TestUtil.toBytes("11"))
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(2, TestUtil.toBytes("22"))
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(3, TestUtil.toBytes("33"))
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(1, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO)
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(2, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR)
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(3, TestMap.EnumValue.BAZ)
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(1, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(11).build())
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(2, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(22).build())
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(3, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(33).build())
+        .putStringToInt32Field("1", 11)
+        .putStringToInt32Field("2", 22)
+        .putStringToInt32Field("3", 33);
+  }
+
+  public void testSetMapValues() {
+    TestMap.Builder usingMutableMapBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingMutableMap(usingMutableMapBuilder);
+    TestMap usingMutableMap = usingMutableMapBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(usingMutableMap);
+
+    TestMap.Builder usingAccessorsBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(usingAccessorsBuilder);
+    TestMap usingAccessors = usingAccessorsBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(usingAccessors);
+
+    assertEquals(usingAccessors, usingMutableMap);
+  }
+
+  private void copyMapValues(TestMap source, TestMap.Builder destination) {
+    destination
+        .putAllInt32ToInt32Field(source.getInt32ToInt32Field())
+        .putAllInt32ToStringField(source.getInt32ToStringField())
+        .putAllInt32ToBytesField(source.getInt32ToBytesField())
+        .putAllInt32ToEnumField(source.getInt32ToEnumField())
+        .putAllInt32ToMessageField(source.getInt32ToMessageField())
+        .putAllStringToInt32Field(source.getStringToInt32Field());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapValuesSet(TestMap message) {
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(11, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+    assertEquals(22, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(2).intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(3).intValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToStringField().size());
+    assertEquals("11", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(1));
+    assertEquals("22", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(2));
+    assertEquals("33", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(3));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToBytesField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("22"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(2));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("33"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(3));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToEnumField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(2));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAZ, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(3));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+    assertEquals(11, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(1).getValue());
+    assertEquals(22, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(2).getValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(3).getValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getStringToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(11, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("1").intValue());
+    assertEquals(22, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("2").intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("3").intValue());
+  }
+
+  private void updateMapValuesUsingMutableMap(TestMap.Builder builder) {
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field().put(1, 111);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field().remove(2);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field().put(4, 44);
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField().put(1, "111");
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField().remove(2);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField().put(4, "44");
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToBytesField().put(1, TestUtil.toBytes("111"));
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToBytesField().remove(2);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToBytesField().put(4, TestUtil.toBytes("44"));
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField().put(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField().remove(2);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField().put(4, TestMap.EnumValue.QUX);
+  //
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField().put(
+        1, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(111).build());
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField().remove(2);
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField().put(
+        4, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(44).build());
+  //
+    builder.getMutableStringToInt32Field().put("1", 111);
+    builder.getMutableStringToInt32Field().remove("2");
+    builder.getMutableStringToInt32Field().put("4", 44);
+  }
+
+  private void updateMapValuesUsingAccessors(TestMap.Builder builder) {
+    builder
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 111)
+        .removeInt32ToInt32Field(2)
+        .putInt32ToInt32Field(4, 44)
+        .putInt32ToStringField(1, "111")
+        .removeInt32ToStringField(2)
+        .putInt32ToStringField(4, "44")
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(1, TestUtil.toBytes("111"))
+        .removeInt32ToBytesField(2)
+        .putInt32ToBytesField(4, TestUtil.toBytes("44"))
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR)
+        .removeInt32ToEnumField(2)
+        .putInt32ToEnumField(4, TestMap.EnumValue.QUX)
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(1, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(111).build())
+        .removeInt32ToMessageField(2)
+        .putInt32ToMessageField(4, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(44).build())
+        .putStringToInt32Field("1", 111)
+        .removeStringToInt32Field("2")
+        .putStringToInt32Field("4", 44);
+  }
+
+  public void testUpdateMapValues() {
+    TestMap.Builder usingMutableMapBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingMutableMap(usingMutableMapBuilder);
+    TestMap usingMutableMap = usingMutableMapBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(usingMutableMap);
+
+    TestMap.Builder usingAccessorsBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(usingAccessorsBuilder);
+    TestMap usingAccessors = usingAccessorsBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(usingAccessors);
+
+    assertEquals(usingAccessors, usingMutableMap);
+    //
+    usingMutableMapBuilder = usingMutableMap.toBuilder();
+    updateMapValuesUsingMutableMap(usingMutableMapBuilder);
+    usingMutableMap = usingMutableMapBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesUpdated(usingMutableMap);
+
+    usingAccessorsBuilder = usingAccessors.toBuilder();
+    updateMapValuesUsingAccessors(usingAccessorsBuilder);
+    usingAccessors = usingAccessorsBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesUpdated(usingAccessors);
+
+    assertEquals(usingAccessors, usingMutableMap);
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapValuesUpdated(TestMap message) {
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(111, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(3).intValue());
+    assertEquals(44, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(4).intValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToStringField().size());
+    assertEquals("111", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(1));
+    assertEquals("33", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(3));
+    assertEquals("44", message.getInt32ToStringField().get(4));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToBytesField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("111"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("33"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(3));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("44"), message.getInt32ToBytesField().get(4));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToEnumField().size());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAZ, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(3));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.QUX, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(4));
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+    assertEquals(111, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(1).getValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(3).getValue());
+    assertEquals(44, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(4).getValue());
+
+    assertEquals(3, message.getStringToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(111, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("1").intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("3").intValue());
+    assertEquals(44, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("4").intValue());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapValuesCleared(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(0, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetMapIsImmutable() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder);
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder.build());
+
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder);
+    assertMapsAreImmutable(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapsAreImmutable(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32Field(), 1, 2);
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringField(), 1, "2");
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesField(), 1, TestUtil.toBytes("2"));
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumField(), 1, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+    assertImmutable(
+        testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageField(), 1, MessageValue.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertImmutable(testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32Field(), "1", 2);
+  }
+
+  private <K, V> void assertImmutable(Map<K, V> map, K key, V value) {
+    try {
+      map.put(key, value);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMutableMapLifecycle() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    Map<Integer, Integer> intMap = builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field();
+    intMap.put(1, 2);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.build().getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    try {
+      intMap.put(2, 3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field().put(2, 3);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2, 2, 3), builder.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+  //
+    Map<Integer, TestMap.EnumValue> enumMap = builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField();
+    enumMap.put(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR), builder.build().getInt32ToEnumField());
+    try {
+      enumMap.put(2, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR), builder.getInt32ToEnumField());
+    builder.getMutableInt32ToEnumField().put(2, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+    assertEquals(
+        newMap(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, 2, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO),
+        builder.getInt32ToEnumField());
+  //
+    Map<Integer, String> stringMap = builder.getMutableInt32ToStringField();
+    stringMap.put(1, "1");
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, "1"), builder.build().getInt32ToStringField());
+    try {
+      stringMap.put(2, "2");
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, "1"), builder.getInt32ToStringField());
+    builder.putInt32ToStringField(2, "2");
+    assertEquals(
+        newMap(1, "1", 2, "2"),
+        builder.getInt32ToStringField());
+  //
+    Map<Integer, TestMap.MessageValue> messageMap = builder.getMutableInt32ToMessageField();
+    messageMap.put(1, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance()),
+        builder.build().getInt32ToMessageField());
+    try {
+      messageMap.put(2, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance()),
+        builder.getInt32ToMessageField());
+    builder.putInt32ToMessageField(2, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(
+        newMap(1, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance(),
+            2, TestMap.MessageValue.getDefaultInstance()),
+        builder.getInt32ToMessageField());
+  }
+  //
+  public void testMutableMapLifecycle_collections() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    Map<Integer, Integer> intMap = builder.getMutableInt32ToInt32Field();
+    intMap.put(1, 2);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.build().getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    try {
+      intMap.remove(2);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    try {
+      intMap.entrySet().remove(new Object());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    try {
+      intMap.entrySet().iterator().remove();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    try {
+      intMap.keySet().remove(new Object());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    try {
+      intMap.values().remove(new Object());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    try {
+      intMap.values().iterator().remove();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), intMap);
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.getInt32ToInt32Field());
+    assertEquals(newMap(1, 2), builder.build().getInt32ToInt32Field());
+  }
+
+  public void testGettersAndSetters() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesCleared(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    updateMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesUpdated(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    builder.clear();
+    assertMapValuesCleared(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertMapValuesCleared(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testPutAll() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder sourceBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(sourceBuilder);
+    TestMap source = sourceBuilder.build();
+    assertMapValuesSet(source);
+
+    TestMap.Builder destination = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    copyMapValues(source, destination);
+    assertMapValuesSet(destination.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testPutAllForUnknownEnumValues() throws Exception {
+    TestMap source =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putAllInt32ToEnumFieldValue(
+                newMap(
+                    0, 0,
+                    1, 1,
+                    2, 1000)) // unknown value.
+            .build();
+
+    TestMap destination =
+        TestMap.newBuilder().putAllInt32ToEnumFieldValue(source.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue()).build();
+
+    assertEquals(0, destination.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue().get(0).intValue());
+    assertEquals(1, destination.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue().get(1).intValue());
+    assertEquals(1000, destination.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue().get(2).intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, destination.getInt32ToEnumFieldCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testPutForUnknownEnumValues() throws Exception {
+    TestMap message =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(0, 0)
+            .putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(1, 1)
+            .putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(2, 1000) // unknown value.
+            .build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrThrow(0));
+    assertEquals(1, message.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrThrow(1));
+    assertEquals(1000, message.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrThrow(2));
+    assertEquals(3, message.getInt32ToEnumFieldCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testPutChecksNullKeysAndValues() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToStringField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToBytesField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToEnumField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToMessageField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putStringToInt32Field(null, 1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeAndParse() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), message.toByteString().size());
+    message = TestMap.parser().parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertMapValuesSet(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    updateMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), message.toByteString().size());
+    message = TestMap.parser().parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertMapValuesUpdated(message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    builder.clear();
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize(), message.toByteString().size());
+    message = TestMap.parser().parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertMapValuesCleared(message);
+  }
+
+  private TestMap tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap bizarroMap) throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(byteArrayOutputStream);
+    bizarroMap.writeTo(output);
+    output.flush();
+    return TestMap.parser().parseFrom(ByteString.copyFrom(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseError() throws Exception {
+    ByteString bytes = TestUtil.toBytes("SOME BYTES");
+    String stringKey = "a string key";
+
+    TestMap map =
+        tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(5, bytes).build());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(5, -1));
+
+    map = tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToStringField(stringKey, 5).build());
+    assertEquals("", map.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(0, null));
+
+    map = tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToBytesField(stringKey, 5).build());
+    assertEquals(map.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(0, null), ByteString.EMPTY);
+
+    map =
+        tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToEnumField(stringKey, bytes).build());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, map.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(0, null));
+
+    try {
+      tryParseTestMap(BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToMessageField(stringKey, bytes).build());
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+      assertTrue(expected.getUnfinishedMessage() instanceof TestMap);
+      map = (TestMap) expected.getUnfinishedMessage();
+      assertTrue(map.getInt32ToMessageField().isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    map =
+        tryParseTestMap(
+            BizarroTestMap.newBuilder().putStringToInt32Field(stringKey, bytes).build());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault(stringKey, -1));
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeFrom() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    TestMap.Builder other = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    other.mergeFrom(message);
+    assertMapValuesSet(other.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testEqualsAndHashCode() throws Exception {
+    // Test that generated equals() and hashCode() will disregard the order
+    // of map entries when comparing/hashing map fields.
+
+    // We can't control the order of elements in a HashMap. The best we can do
+    // here is to add elements in different order.
+    TestMap m1 =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(3, 4)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(5, 6)
+            .build();
+
+    TestMap.Builder b2 =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(5, 6)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(3, 4);
+    TestMap m2 = b2.build();
+
+    assertEquals(m1, m2);
+    assertEquals(m1.hashCode(), m2.hashCode());
+
+    // Make sure we did compare map fields.
+    b2.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 0);
+    m2 = b2.build();
+    assertFalse(m1.equals(m2));
+    // Don't check m1.hashCode() != m2.hashCode() because it's not guaranteed
+    // to be different.
+
+    // Regression test for b/18549190: if a map is a subset of the other map,
+    // equals() should return false.
+    b2.removeInt32ToInt32Field(1);
+    m2 = b2.build();
+    assertFalse(m1.equals(m2));
+    assertFalse(m2.equals(m1));
+  }
+
+  public void testNestedBuilderOnChangeEventPropagation() {
+    TestOnChangeEventPropagation.Builder parent = TestOnChangeEventPropagation.newBuilder();
+    parent.getOptionalMessageBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2);
+    TestOnChangeEventPropagation message = parent.build();
+    assertEquals(2, message.getOptionalMessage().getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+
+    // Make a change using nested builder.
+    parent.getOptionalMessageBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 3);
+
+    // Should be able to observe the change.
+    message = parent.build();
+    assertEquals(3, message.getOptionalMessage().getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+
+    // Make another change using mergeFrom()
+    TestMap other = TestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 4).build();
+    parent.getOptionalMessageBuilder().mergeFrom(other);
+
+    // Should be able to observe the change.
+    message = parent.build();
+    assertEquals(4, message.getOptionalMessage().getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+
+    // Make yet another change by clearing the nested builder.
+    parent.getOptionalMessageBuilder().clear();
+
+    // Should be able to observe the change.
+    message = parent.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalMessage().getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+  }
+
+  public void testNestedBuilderOnChangeEventPropagationReflection() {
+    FieldDescriptor intMapField = f("int32_to_int32_field");
+    // Create an outer message builder with nested builder.
+    TestOnChangeEventPropagation.Builder parentBuilder = TestOnChangeEventPropagation.newBuilder();
+    TestMap.Builder testMapBuilder = parentBuilder.getOptionalMessageBuilder();
+
+    // Create a map entry message.
+    TestMap.Builder entryBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 1);
+
+    // Put the entry into the nested builder.
+    testMapBuilder.addRepeatedField(intMapField, entryBuilder.getRepeatedField(intMapField, 0));
+
+    // Should be able to observe the change.
+    TestOnChangeEventPropagation message = parentBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals(1, message.getOptionalMessage().getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+
+    // Change the entry value.
+    entryBuilder.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 4);
+    testMapBuilder = parentBuilder.getOptionalMessageBuilder();
+    testMapBuilder.setRepeatedField(intMapField, 0, entryBuilder.getRepeatedField(intMapField, 0));
+
+    // Should be able to observe the change.
+    message = parentBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals(4, message.getOptionalMessage().getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+
+    // Clear the nested builder.
+    testMapBuilder = parentBuilder.getOptionalMessageBuilder();
+    testMapBuilder.clearField(intMapField);
+
+    // Should be able to observe the change.
+    message = parentBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalMessage().getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+  }
+
+  // The following methods are used to test reflection API.
+
+  private static FieldDescriptor f(String name) {
+    return TestMap.getDescriptor().findFieldByName(name);
+  }
+
+  private static Object getFieldValue(Message mapEntry, String name) {
+    FieldDescriptor field = mapEntry.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName(name);
+    return mapEntry.getField(field);
+  }
+
+  private static Message.Builder setFieldValue(
+      Message.Builder mapEntry, String name, Object value) {
+    FieldDescriptor field = mapEntry.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName(name);
+    mapEntry.setField(field, value);
+    return mapEntry;
+  }
+
+  private static void assertHasMapValues(Message message, String name, Map<?, ?> values) {
+    FieldDescriptor field = f(name);
+    for (Object entry : (List<?>) message.getField(field)) {
+      Message mapEntry = (Message) entry;
+      Object key = getFieldValue(mapEntry, "key");
+      Object value = getFieldValue(mapEntry, "value");
+      assertTrue(values.containsKey(key));
+      assertEquals(value, values.get(key));
+    }
+    assertEquals(values.size(), message.getRepeatedFieldCount(field));
+    for (int i = 0; i < message.getRepeatedFieldCount(field); i++) {
+      Message mapEntry = (Message) message.getRepeatedField(field, i);
+      Object key = getFieldValue(mapEntry, "key");
+      Object value = getFieldValue(mapEntry, "value");
+      assertTrue(values.containsKey(key));
+      assertEquals(value, values.get(key));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static <K, V> Message newMapEntry(Message.Builder builder, String name, K key, V value) {
+    FieldDescriptor field = builder.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName(name);
+    Message.Builder entryBuilder = builder.newBuilderForField(field);
+    FieldDescriptor keyField = entryBuilder.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("key");
+    FieldDescriptor valueField = entryBuilder.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("value");
+    entryBuilder.setField(keyField, key);
+    entryBuilder.setField(valueField, value);
+    return entryBuilder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static void setMapValues(Message.Builder builder, String name, Map<?, ?> values) {
+    List<Message> entryList = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : values.entrySet()) {
+      entryList.add(newMapEntry(builder, name, entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
+    }
+    FieldDescriptor field = builder.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName(name);
+    builder.setField(field, entryList);
+  }
+
+  private static <K, V> Map<K, V> mapForValues(K key1, V value1, K key2, V value2) {
+    Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    map.put(key1, value1);
+    map.put(key2, value2);
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionApi() throws Exception {
+    // In reflection API, map fields are just repeated message fields.
+    TestMap.Builder builder =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 2)
+            .putInt32ToInt32Field(3, 4)
+            .putInt32ToMessageField(11, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(22).build())
+            .putInt32ToMessageField(33, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(44).build());
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    // Test getField(), getRepeatedFieldCount(), getRepeatedField().
+    assertHasMapValues(message, "int32_to_int32_field", mapForValues(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    assertHasMapValues(
+        message,
+        "int32_to_message_field",
+        mapForValues(
+            11, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(22).build(),
+            33, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(44).build()));
+
+    // Test clearField()
+    builder.clearField(f("int32_to_int32_field"));
+    builder.clearField(f("int32_to_message_field"));
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+
+    // Test setField()
+    setMapValues(builder, "int32_to_int32_field", mapForValues(11, 22, 33, 44));
+    setMapValues(
+        builder,
+        "int32_to_message_field",
+        mapForValues(
+            111, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(222).build(),
+            333, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(444).build()));
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(22, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(11).intValue());
+    assertEquals(44, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(33).intValue());
+    assertEquals(222, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(111).getValue());
+    assertEquals(444, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(333).getValue());
+
+    // Test addRepeatedField
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        f("int32_to_int32_field"), newMapEntry(builder, "int32_to_int32_field", 55, 66));
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        f("int32_to_message_field"),
+        newMapEntry(
+            builder,
+            "int32_to_message_field",
+            555,
+            MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(666).build()));
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(66, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(55).intValue());
+    assertEquals(666, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(555).getValue());
+
+    // Test addRepeatedField (overriding existing values)
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        f("int32_to_int32_field"), newMapEntry(builder, "int32_to_int32_field", 55, 55));
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        f("int32_to_message_field"),
+        newMapEntry(
+            builder,
+            "int32_to_message_field",
+            555,
+            MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(555).build()));
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(55, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(55).intValue());
+    assertEquals(555, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(555).getValue());
+
+    // Test setRepeatedField
+    for (int i = 0; i < builder.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("int32_to_int32_field")); i++) {
+      Message mapEntry = (Message) builder.getRepeatedField(f("int32_to_int32_field"), i);
+      int oldKey = ((Integer) getFieldValue(mapEntry, "key")).intValue();
+      int oldValue = ((Integer) getFieldValue(mapEntry, "value")).intValue();
+      // Swap key with value for each entry.
+      Message.Builder mapEntryBuilder = mapEntry.toBuilder();
+      setFieldValue(mapEntryBuilder, "key", oldValue);
+      setFieldValue(mapEntryBuilder, "value", oldKey);
+      builder.setRepeatedField(f("int32_to_int32_field"), i, mapEntryBuilder.build());
+    }
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(11, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(22).intValue());
+    assertEquals(33, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(44).intValue());
+    assertEquals(55, message.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(55).intValue());
+  }
+
+  // See additional coverage in TextFormatTest.java.
+  public void testTextFormat() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    String textData = TextFormat.printer().printToString(message);
+
+    builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(textData, builder);
+    message = builder.build();
+
+    assertMapValuesSet(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    Message dynamicDefaultInstance = DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(TestMap.getDescriptor());
+    Message dynamicMessage =
+        dynamicDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(message.toByteString()).build();
+
+    assertEquals(message, dynamicMessage);
+    assertEquals(message.hashCode(), dynamicMessage.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  // Check that DynamicMessage handles map field serialization the same way as generated code
+  // regarding unset key and value field in a map entry.
+  public void testDynamicMessageUnsetKeyAndValue() throws Exception {
+    FieldDescriptor field = f("int32_to_int32_field");
+
+    Message dynamicDefaultInstance = DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(TestMap.getDescriptor());
+    Message.Builder builder = dynamicDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+    // Add an entry without key and value.
+    builder.addRepeatedField(field, builder.newBuilderForField(field).build());
+    Message message = builder.build();
+    ByteString bytes = message.toByteString();
+    // Parse it back to the same generated type.
+    Message generatedMessage = TestMap.parseFrom(bytes);
+    // Assert the serialized bytes are equivalent.
+    assertEquals(generatedMessage.toByteString(), bytes);
+  }
+
+  public void testReflectionEqualsAndHashCode() throws Exception {
+    // Test that generated equals() and hashCode() will disregard the order
+    // of map entries when comparing/hashing map fields.
+
+    // We use DynamicMessage to test reflection based equals()/hashCode().
+    Message dynamicDefaultInstance = DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(TestMap.getDescriptor());
+    FieldDescriptor field = f("int32_to_int32_field");
+
+    Message.Builder b1 = dynamicDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+    b1.addRepeatedField(field, newMapEntry(b1, "int32_to_int32_field", 1, 2));
+    b1.addRepeatedField(field, newMapEntry(b1, "int32_to_int32_field", 3, 4));
+    b1.addRepeatedField(field, newMapEntry(b1, "int32_to_int32_field", 5, 6));
+    Message m1 = b1.build();
+
+    Message.Builder b2 = dynamicDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+    b2.addRepeatedField(field, newMapEntry(b2, "int32_to_int32_field", 5, 6));
+    b2.addRepeatedField(field, newMapEntry(b2, "int32_to_int32_field", 1, 2));
+    b2.addRepeatedField(field, newMapEntry(b2, "int32_to_int32_field", 3, 4));
+    Message m2 = b2.build();
+
+    assertEquals(m1, m2);
+    assertEquals(m1.hashCode(), m2.hashCode());
+
+    // Make sure we did compare map fields.
+    b2.setRepeatedField(field, 0, newMapEntry(b1, "int32_to_int32_field", 0, 0));
+    m2 = b2.build();
+    assertFalse(m1.equals(m2));
+    // Don't check m1.hashCode() != m2.hashCode() because it's not guaranteed
+    // to be different.
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownEnumValues() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putAllInt32ToEnumFieldValue(
+                newMap(
+                    0, 0,
+                    1, 1,
+                    2, 1000)); // unknown value.
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(0));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAR, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(1));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.UNRECOGNIZED, message.getInt32ToEnumField().get(2));
+    assertEquals(1000, message.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue().get(2).intValue());
+
+    // Unknown enum values should be preserved after:
+    //   1. Serialization and parsing.
+    //   2. toBuild().
+    //   3. mergeFrom().
+    message = TestMap.parseFrom(message.toByteString());
+    assertEquals(1000, message.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue().get(2).intValue());
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    assertEquals(1000, builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue().get(2).intValue());
+    builder = TestMap.newBuilder().mergeFrom(message);
+    assertEquals(1000, builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue().get(2).intValue());
+
+    // hashCode()/equals() should take unknown enum values into account.
+    builder.putAllInt32ToEnumFieldValue(newMap(2, 1001));
+    TestMap message2 = builder.build();
+    assertFalse(message.hashCode() == message2.hashCode());
+    assertFalse(message.equals(message2));
+    // Unknown values will be converted to UNRECOGNIZED so the resulted enum map
+    // should be the same.
+    assertEquals(message2.getInt32ToEnumField(), message.getInt32ToEnumField());
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownEnumValuesInReflectionApi() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestMap.getDescriptor();
+    EnumDescriptor enumDescriptor = TestMap.EnumValue.getDescriptor();
+    FieldDescriptor field = descriptor.findFieldByName("int32_to_enum_field");
+
+    Map<Integer, Integer> data =
+        newMap(
+            0, 0,
+            1, 1,
+            2, 1000); // unknown value
+
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder().putAllInt32ToEnumFieldValue(data);
+
+    // Try to read unknown enum values using reflection API.
+    for (int i = 0; i < builder.getRepeatedFieldCount(field); i++) {
+      Message mapEntry = (Message) builder.getRepeatedField(field, i);
+      int key = ((Integer) getFieldValue(mapEntry, "key")).intValue();
+      int value = ((EnumValueDescriptor) getFieldValue(mapEntry, "value")).getNumber();
+      assertEquals(data.get(key).intValue(), value);
+      Message.Builder mapEntryBuilder = mapEntry.toBuilder();
+      // Increase the value by 1.
+      setFieldValue(
+          mapEntryBuilder, "value", enumDescriptor.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(value + 1));
+      builder.setRepeatedField(field, i, mapEntryBuilder.build());
+    }
+
+    // Verify that enum values have been successfully updated.
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    for (Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry : message.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue().entrySet()) {
+      assertEquals(data.get(entry.getKey()) + 1, entry.getValue().intValue());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testIterationOrder() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        Arrays.asList("1", "2", "3"), new ArrayList<>(message.getStringToInt32Field().keySet()));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetMap() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getStringToInt32Field(), message.getStringToInt32FieldMap());
+    assertEquals(message.getInt32ToBytesField(), message.getInt32ToBytesFieldMap());
+    assertEquals(message.getInt32ToEnumField(), message.getInt32ToEnumFieldMap());
+    assertEquals(message.getInt32ToEnumFieldValue(), message.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueMap());
+    assertEquals(message.getInt32ToMessageField(), message.getInt32ToMessageFieldMap());
+  }
+
+  public void testContains() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    assertMapContainsSetValues(builder);
+    assertMapContainsSetValues(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapContainsSetValues(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToInt32Field(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToStringField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToBytesField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToEnumField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(1));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(2));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(3));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsInt32ToMessageField(-1));
+
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("1"));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("2"));
+    assertTrue(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("3"));
+    assertFalse(testMapOrBuilder.containsStringToInt32Field("-1"));
+  }
+
+  public void testCount() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapCounts(0, builder);
+
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    assertMapCounts(3, builder);
+
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertMapCounts(3, message);
+
+    builder = message.toBuilder().putInt32ToInt32Field(4, 44);
+    assertEquals(4, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+    assertEquals(4, builder.build().getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+
+    // already present - should be unchanged
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(4, 44);
+    assertEquals(4, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+  }
+
+  private void assertMapCounts(int expectedCount, TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldCount());
+    assertEquals(expectedCount, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetOrDefault() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapCounts(0, builder);
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void doTestGetOrDefault(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(1, -11));
+    assertEquals(-11, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(-1, -11));
+
+    assertEquals("11", testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(1, "-11"));
+    assertNull("-11", testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    assertNull(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    assertNull(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(
+        TestMap.EnumValue.BAR.getNumber(),
+        testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrDefault(2, -1));
+    assertEquals(-1, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrDefault(-1000, -1));
+
+    assertEquals(
+        MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(11).build(),
+        testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    assertNull(testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrDefault(-1, null));
+
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault("1", -11));
+    assertEquals(-11, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault("-1", -11));
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault(null, -11);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetOrThrow() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    assertMapCounts(0, builder);
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder);
+    doTestGetOrDefault(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void doTestGetOrThrow(TestMapOrBuilder testMapOrBuilder) {
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals("11", testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(1));
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(1));
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(
+        TestMap.EnumValue.BAR.getNumber(), testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrThrow(2));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(
+        MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(11).build(),
+        testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getInt32ToMessageFieldOrThrow(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(11, testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("1"));
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("-1");
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      testMapOrBuilder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow(null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testPut() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 11);
+    assertEquals(11, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(1));
+
+    builder.putInt32ToStringField(1, "a");
+    assertEquals("a", builder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToStringField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    builder.putInt32ToBytesField(1, TestUtil.toBytes("11"));
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), builder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToBytesField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    builder.putInt32ToEnumField(1, TestMap.EnumValue.FOO);
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(1));
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToEnumField(1, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    builder.putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(1, TestMap.EnumValue.BAR.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.BAR.getNumber(), builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrThrow(1));
+    builder.putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(1, -1);
+    assertEquals(-1, builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrThrow(1));
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.UNRECOGNIZED, builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(1));
+
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("a", 1);
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("a"));
+    try {
+      builder.putStringToInt32Field(null, -1);
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    setMapValuesUsingAccessors(builder);
+    assertEquals(11, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToInt32Field(1);
+      assertEquals(-1, builder.getInt32ToInt32FieldOrDefault(1, -1));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals("11", builder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToStringField(1);
+      assertNull(builder.getInt32ToStringFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.toBytes("11"), builder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToBytesField(1);
+      assertNull(builder.getInt32ToBytesFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(TestMap.EnumValue.FOO, builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrThrow(1));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeInt32ToEnumField(1);
+      assertNull(builder.getInt32ToEnumFieldOrDefault(1, null));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(11, builder.getStringToInt32FieldOrThrow("1"));
+    for (int times = 0; times < 2; times++) {
+      builder.removeStringToInt32Field("1");
+      assertEquals(-1, builder.getStringToInt32FieldOrDefault("1", -1));
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.removeStringToInt32Field(null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testReservedWordsFieldNames() {
+    ReservedAsMapField.newBuilder().build();
+    ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue.newBuilder().build();
+  }
+
+  public void testDeterministicSerialziation() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    // int32->int32
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(5, 1);
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 1);
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(4, 1);
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(-2, 1);
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(0, 1);
+
+    // uint32->int32
+    builder.putUint32ToInt32Field(5, 1);
+    builder.putUint32ToInt32Field(1, 1);
+    builder.putUint32ToInt32Field(4, 1);
+    builder.putUint32ToInt32Field(-2, 1);
+    builder.putUint32ToInt32Field(0, 1);
+
+    // int64->int32
+    builder.putInt64ToInt32Field(5L, 1);
+    builder.putInt64ToInt32Field(1L, 1);
+    builder.putInt64ToInt32Field(4L, 1);
+    builder.putInt64ToInt32Field(-2L, 1);
+    builder.putInt64ToInt32Field(0L, 1);
+
+    // string->int32
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("baz", 1);
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("foo", 1);
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("bar", 1);
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("", 1);
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("hello", 1);
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("world", 1);
+
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    byte[] serialized = new byte[message.getSerializedSize()];
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(serialized);
+    output.useDeterministicSerialization();
+    message.writeTo(output);
+    output.flush();
+
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(serialized);
+    List<Integer> int32Keys = new ArrayList<>();
+    List<Integer> uint32Keys = new ArrayList<>();
+    List<Long> int64Keys = new ArrayList<>();
+    List<String> stringKeys = new ArrayList<>();
+    int tag;
+    while (true) {
+      tag = input.readTag();
+      if (tag == 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+      int length = input.readRawVarint32();
+      int oldLimit = input.pushLimit(length);
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+        case TestMap.STRING_TO_INT32_FIELD_FIELD_NUMBER:
+          stringKeys.add(readMapStringKey(input));
+          break;
+        case TestMap.INT32_TO_INT32_FIELD_FIELD_NUMBER:
+          int32Keys.add(readMapIntegerKey(input));
+          break;
+        case TestMap.UINT32_TO_INT32_FIELD_FIELD_NUMBER:
+          uint32Keys.add(readMapIntegerKey(input));
+          break;
+        case TestMap.INT64_TO_INT32_FIELD_FIELD_NUMBER:
+          int64Keys.add(readMapLongKey(input));
+          break;
+        default:
+          fail("Unexpected fields.");
+      }
+      input.popLimit(oldLimit);
+    }
+    assertEquals(Arrays.asList(-2, 0, 1, 4, 5), int32Keys);
+    assertEquals(Arrays.asList(-2, 0, 1, 4, 5), uint32Keys);
+    assertEquals(Arrays.asList(-2L, 0L, 1L, 4L, 5L), int64Keys);
+    assertEquals(Arrays.asList("", "bar", "baz", "foo", "hello", "world"), stringKeys);
+  }
+
+  public void testInitFromPartialDynamicMessage() {
+    FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor =
+        TestMap.getDescriptor().findFieldByNumber(TestMap.INT32_TO_MESSAGE_FIELD_FIELD_NUMBER);
+    Descriptor mapEntryType = fieldDescriptor.getMessageType();
+    FieldDescriptor keyField = mapEntryType.findFieldByNumber(1);
+    FieldDescriptor valueField = mapEntryType.findFieldByNumber(2);
+    DynamicMessage dynamicMessage =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestMap.getDescriptor())
+            .addRepeatedField(
+                fieldDescriptor,
+                DynamicMessage.newBuilder(mapEntryType)
+                    .setField(keyField, 10)
+                    .setField(valueField, TestMap.MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(10).build())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+    TestMap message = TestMap.newBuilder().mergeFrom(dynamicMessage).build();
+    assertEquals(
+        TestMap.MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(10).build(),
+        message.getInt32ToMessageFieldMap().get(10));
+  }
+
+  public void testInitFromFullyDynamicMessage() {
+    FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor =
+        TestMap.getDescriptor().findFieldByNumber(TestMap.INT32_TO_MESSAGE_FIELD_FIELD_NUMBER);
+    Descriptor mapEntryType = fieldDescriptor.getMessageType();
+    FieldDescriptor keyField = mapEntryType.findFieldByNumber(1);
+    FieldDescriptor valueField = mapEntryType.findFieldByNumber(2);
+    DynamicMessage dynamicMessage =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestMap.getDescriptor())
+            .addRepeatedField(
+                fieldDescriptor,
+                DynamicMessage.newBuilder(mapEntryType)
+                    .setField(keyField, 10)
+                    .setField(
+                        valueField,
+                        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestMap.MessageValue.getDescriptor())
+                            .setField(
+                                TestMap.MessageValue.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("value"), 10)
+                            .build())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+    TestMap message = TestMap.newBuilder().mergeFrom(dynamicMessage).build();
+    assertEquals(
+        TestMap.MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(10).build(),
+        message.getInt32ToMessageFieldMap().get(10));
+  }
+
+  private int readMapIntegerKey(CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+    int tag = input.readTag();
+    assertEquals(WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT), tag);
+    int ret = input.readInt32();
+    // skip the value field.
+    input.skipField(input.readTag());
+    assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  private long readMapLongKey(CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+    int tag = input.readTag();
+    assertEquals(WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT), tag);
+    long ret = input.readInt64();
+    // skip the value field.
+    input.skipField(input.readTag());
+    assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  private String readMapStringKey(CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+    int tag = input.readTag();
+    assertEquals(WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED), tag);
+    String ret = input.readString();
+    // skip the value field.
+    input.skipField(input.readTag());
+    assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  private static <K, V> Map<K, V> newMap(K key1, V value1) {
+    Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    map.put(key1, value1);
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private static <K, V> Map<K, V> newMap(K key1, V value1, K key2, V value2) {
+    Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    map.put(key1, value1);
+    map.put(key2, value2);
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private static <K, V> Map<K, V> newMap(K key1, V value1, K key2, V value2, K key3, V value3) {
+    Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    map.put(key1, value1);
+    map.put(key2, value2);
+    map.put(key3, value3);
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  public void testMap_withNulls() {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+
+    try {
+      builder.putStringToInt32Field(null, 3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putAllStringToInt32Field(newMap(null, 3, "hi", 4));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putInt32ToMessageField(3, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putAllInt32ToMessageField(MapTest.<Integer, MessageValue>newMap(4, null, 5, null));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.putAllInt32ToMessageField(null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+    }
+
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[0], builder.build().toByteArray());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..760511b63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequiredForeign;
+import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Misc. unit tests for message operations that apply to both generated and dynamic messages.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class MessageTest extends TestCase {
+  // =================================================================
+  // Message-merging tests.
+
+  static final TestAllTypes MERGE_SOURCE =
+      TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+          .setOptionalInt32(1)
+          .setOptionalString("foo")
+          .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+          .addRepeatedString("bar")
+          .build();
+
+  static final TestAllTypes MERGE_DEST =
+      TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+          .setOptionalInt64(2)
+          .setOptionalString("baz")
+          .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(3).build())
+          .addRepeatedString("qux")
+          .build();
+
+  static final String MERGE_RESULT_TEXT =
+      ""
+          + "optional_int32: 1\n"
+          + "optional_int64: 2\n"
+          + "optional_string: \"foo\"\n"
+          + "optional_foreign_message {\n"
+          + "  c: 3\n"
+          + "}\n"
+          + "repeated_string: \"qux\"\n"
+          + "repeated_string: \"bar\"\n";
+
+  public void testParsingWithNullExtensionRegistry() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.parseFrom(new byte[] {}, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeFrom() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes result = TestAllTypes.newBuilder(MERGE_DEST).mergeFrom(MERGE_SOURCE).build();
+
+    assertEquals(MERGE_RESULT_TEXT, result.toString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test merging a DynamicMessage into a GeneratedMessage. As long as they have the same
+   * descriptor, this should work, but it is an entirely different code path.
+   */
+  public void testMergeFromDynamic() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes result =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder(MERGE_DEST)
+            .mergeFrom(DynamicMessage.newBuilder(MERGE_SOURCE).build())
+            .build();
+
+    assertEquals(MERGE_RESULT_TEXT, result.toString());
+  }
+
+  /** Test merging two DynamicMessages. */
+  public void testDynamicMergeFrom() throws Exception {
+    DynamicMessage result =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(MERGE_DEST)
+            .mergeFrom(DynamicMessage.newBuilder(MERGE_SOURCE).build())
+            .build();
+
+    assertEquals(MERGE_RESULT_TEXT, result.toString());
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Required-field-related tests.
+
+  private static final TestRequired TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED = TestRequired.getDefaultInstance();
+  private static final TestRequired TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED =
+      TestRequired.newBuilder().setA(1).setB(2).setC(3).build();
+
+  public void testRequired() throws Exception {
+    TestRequired.Builder builder = TestRequired.newBuilder();
+
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    builder.setA(1);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    builder.setB(1);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    builder.setC(1);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testRequiredForeign() throws Exception {
+    TestRequiredForeign.Builder builder = TestRequiredForeign.newBuilder();
+
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setOptionalMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setOptionalMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setRepeatedMessage(0, TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testRequiredExtension() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setExtension(TestRequired.single, TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setExtension(TestRequired.single, TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.addExtension(TestRequired.multi, TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setExtension(TestRequired.multi, 0, TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testRequiredDynamic() throws Exception {
+    Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor = TestRequired.getDescriptor();
+    DynamicMessage.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(descriptor);
+
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    builder.setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("a"), 1);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    builder.setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("b"), 1);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+    builder.setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("c"), 1);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testRequiredDynamicForeign() throws Exception {
+    Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor = TestRequiredForeign.getDescriptor();
+    DynamicMessage.Builder builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(descriptor);
+
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_message"), TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_message"), TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_message"), TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED);
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+
+    builder.setRepeatedField(
+        descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_message"), 0, TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED);
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testUninitializedException() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TestRequired.newBuilder().build();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (UninitializedMessageException e) {
+      assertEquals("Message missing required fields: a, b, c", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testBuildPartial() throws Exception {
+    // We're mostly testing that no exception is thrown.
+    TestRequired message = TestRequired.newBuilder().buildPartial();
+    assertFalse(message.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testNestedUninitializedException() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TestRequiredForeign.newBuilder()
+          .setOptionalMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+          .addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+          .addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+          .build();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (UninitializedMessageException e) {
+      assertEquals(
+          "Message missing required fields: "
+              + "optional_message.a, "
+              + "optional_message.b, "
+              + "optional_message.c, "
+              + "repeated_message[0].a, "
+              + "repeated_message[0].b, "
+              + "repeated_message[0].c, "
+              + "repeated_message[1].a, "
+              + "repeated_message[1].b, "
+              + "repeated_message[1].c",
+          e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testBuildNestedPartial() throws Exception {
+    // We're mostly testing that no exception is thrown.
+    TestRequiredForeign message =
+        TestRequiredForeign.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+            .addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+            .addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+            .buildPartial();
+    assertFalse(message.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseUnititialized() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TestRequired.parseFrom(ByteString.EMPTY);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      assertEquals("Message missing required fields: a, b, c", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseNestedUnititialized() throws Exception {
+    ByteString data =
+        TestRequiredForeign.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+            .addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+            .addRepeatedMessage(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED)
+            .buildPartial()
+            .toByteString();
+
+    try {
+      TestRequiredForeign.parseFrom(data);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      assertEquals(
+          "Message missing required fields: "
+              + "optional_message.a, "
+              + "optional_message.b, "
+              + "optional_message.c, "
+              + "repeated_message[0].a, "
+              + "repeated_message[0].b, "
+              + "repeated_message[0].c, "
+              + "repeated_message[1].a, "
+              + "repeated_message[1].b, "
+              + "repeated_message[1].c",
+          e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicUninitializedException() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestRequired.getDescriptor()).build();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (UninitializedMessageException e) {
+      assertEquals("Message missing required fields: a, b, c", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicBuildPartial() throws Exception {
+    // We're mostly testing that no exception is thrown.
+    DynamicMessage message = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestRequired.getDescriptor()).buildPartial();
+    assertFalse(message.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testDynamicParseUnititialized() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor = TestRequired.getDescriptor();
+      DynamicMessage.parseFrom(descriptor, ByteString.EMPTY);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      assertEquals("Message missing required fields: a, b, c", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Test reading unset repeated message from DynamicMessage. */
+  public void testDynamicRepeatedMessageNull() throws Exception {
+    TestRequired.getDescriptor();
+    DynamicMessage result =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor())
+            .mergeFrom(DynamicMessage.newBuilder(MERGE_SOURCE).build())
+            .build();
+
+    assertTrue(
+        result.getField(result.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("repeated_foreign_message"))
+            instanceof List<?>);
+    assertEquals(
+        0,
+        result.getRepeatedFieldCount(
+            result.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("repeated_foreign_message")));
+  }
+
+  /** Test reading repeated message from DynamicMessage. */
+  public void testDynamicRepeatedMessageNotNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes repeatedNested =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalInt32(1)
+            .setOptionalString("foo")
+            .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+            .addRepeatedString("bar")
+            .addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+            .addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+            .build();
+    TestRequired.getDescriptor();
+    DynamicMessage result =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor())
+            .mergeFrom(DynamicMessage.newBuilder(repeatedNested).build())
+            .build();
+
+    assertTrue(
+        result.getField(result.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("repeated_foreign_message"))
+            instanceof List<?>);
+    assertEquals(
+        2,
+        result.getRepeatedFieldCount(
+            result.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName("repeated_foreign_message")));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NestedBuildersTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NestedBuildersTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1af3f93c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NestedBuildersTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.Engine;
+import protobuf_unittest.Vehicle;
+import protobuf_unittest.Wheel;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Test cases that exercise end-to-end use cases involving {@link SingleFieldBuilder} and {@link
+ * RepeatedFieldBuilder}.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class NestedBuildersTest extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testMessagesAndBuilders() {
+    Vehicle.Builder vehicleBuilder = Vehicle.newBuilder();
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder().setRadius(4).setWidth(1);
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder().setRadius(4).setWidth(2);
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder().setRadius(4).setWidth(3);
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder().setRadius(4).setWidth(4);
+    vehicleBuilder.getEngineBuilder().setLiters(10);
+
+    Vehicle vehicle = vehicleBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals(4, vehicle.getWheelCount());
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      Wheel wheel = vehicle.getWheel(i);
+      assertEquals(4, wheel.getRadius());
+      assertEquals(i + 1, wheel.getWidth());
+    }
+    assertEquals(10, vehicle.getEngine().getLiters());
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      vehicleBuilder.getWheelBuilder(i).setRadius(5).setWidth(i + 10);
+    }
+    Engine.Builder engineBuilder = vehicleBuilder.getEngineBuilder().setLiters(20);
+
+    vehicle = vehicleBuilder.build();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      Wheel wheel = vehicle.getWheel(i);
+      assertEquals(5, wheel.getRadius());
+      assertEquals(i + 10, wheel.getWidth());
+    }
+    assertEquals(20, vehicle.getEngine().getLiters());
+    assertTrue(vehicle.hasEngine());
+
+    engineBuilder.setLiters(50);
+    assertEquals(50, vehicleBuilder.getEngine().getLiters());
+  }
+
+  public void testMessagesAreCached() {
+    Vehicle.Builder vehicleBuilder = Vehicle.newBuilder();
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder().setRadius(1).setWidth(2);
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder().setRadius(3).setWidth(4);
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder().setRadius(5).setWidth(6);
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder().setRadius(7).setWidth(8);
+
+    // Make sure messages are cached.
+    List<Wheel> wheels = new ArrayList<Wheel>(vehicleBuilder.getWheelList());
+    for (int i = 0; i < wheels.size(); i++) {
+      assertSame(wheels.get(i), vehicleBuilder.getWheel(i));
+    }
+
+    // Now get builders and check they didn't change.
+    for (int i = 0; i < wheels.size(); i++) {
+      vehicleBuilder.getWheel(i);
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < wheels.size(); i++) {
+      assertSame(wheels.get(i), vehicleBuilder.getWheel(i));
+    }
+
+    // Change just one
+    vehicleBuilder.getWheelBuilder(3).setRadius(20).setWidth(20);
+
+    // Now get wheels and check that only that one changed
+    for (int i = 0; i < wheels.size(); i++) {
+      if (i < 3) {
+        assertSame(wheels.get(i), vehicleBuilder.getWheel(i));
+      } else {
+        assertNotSame(wheels.get(i), vehicleBuilder.getWheel(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove_WithNestedBuilders() {
+    Vehicle.Builder vehicleBuilder = Vehicle.newBuilder();
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder().setRadius(1).setWidth(1);
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheelBuilder().setRadius(2).setWidth(2);
+    vehicleBuilder.removeWheel(0);
+
+    assertEquals(1, vehicleBuilder.getWheelCount());
+    assertEquals(2, vehicleBuilder.getWheel(0).getRadius());
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove_WithNestedMessages() {
+    Vehicle.Builder vehicleBuilder = Vehicle.newBuilder();
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheel(Wheel.newBuilder().setRadius(1).setWidth(1));
+    vehicleBuilder.addWheel(Wheel.newBuilder().setRadius(2).setWidth(2));
+    vehicleBuilder.removeWheel(0);
+
+    assertEquals(1, vehicleBuilder.getWheelCount());
+    assertEquals(2, vehicleBuilder.getWheel(0).getRadius());
+  }
+
+  public void testMerge() {
+    Vehicle vehicle1 =
+        Vehicle.newBuilder()
+            .addWheel(Wheel.newBuilder().setRadius(1).build())
+            .addWheel(Wheel.newBuilder().setRadius(2).build())
+            .build();
+
+    Vehicle vehicle2 = Vehicle.newBuilder().mergeFrom(vehicle1).build();
+    // List should be the same -- no allocation
+    assertSame(vehicle1.getWheelList(), vehicle2.getWheelList());
+
+    Vehicle vehicle3 = vehicle1.toBuilder().build();
+    assertSame(vehicle1.getWheelList(), vehicle3.getWheelList());
+  }
+
+  public void testGettingBuilderMarksFieldAsHaving() {
+    Vehicle.Builder vehicleBuilder = Vehicle.newBuilder();
+    vehicleBuilder.getEngineBuilder();
+    Vehicle vehicle = vehicleBuilder.buildPartial();
+    assertTrue(vehicle.hasEngine());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteStringTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteStringTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..304261c0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteStringTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,638 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.UTF_8;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.nio.BufferOverflowException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** Tests for {@link NioByteString}. */
+public class NioByteStringTest extends TestCase {
+  private static final ByteString EMPTY = new NioByteString(ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[0]));
+  private static final String CLASSNAME = NioByteString.class.getSimpleName();
+  private static final byte[] BYTES = ByteStringTest.getTestBytes(1234, 11337766L);
+  private static final int EXPECTED_HASH = ByteString.wrap(BYTES).hashCode();
+
+  private final ByteBuffer backingBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(BYTES.clone());
+  private final ByteString testString = new NioByteString(backingBuffer);
+
+  public void testExpectedType() {
+    String actualClassName = getActualClassName(testString);
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " should match type exactly", CLASSNAME, actualClassName);
+  }
+
+  protected String getActualClassName(Object object) {
+    String actualClassName = object.getClass().getName();
+    actualClassName = actualClassName.substring(actualClassName.lastIndexOf('.') + 1);
+    return actualClassName;
+  }
+
+  public void testByteAt() {
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    for (int i = 0; stillEqual && i < BYTES.length; ++i) {
+      stillEqual = (BYTES[i] == testString.byteAt(i));
+    }
+    assertTrue(CLASSNAME + " must capture the right bytes", stillEqual);
+  }
+
+  public void testByteIterator() {
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    ByteString.ByteIterator iter = testString.iterator();
+    for (int i = 0; stillEqual && i < BYTES.length; ++i) {
+      stillEqual = (iter.hasNext() && BYTES[i] == iter.nextByte());
+    }
+    assertTrue(CLASSNAME + " must capture the right bytes", stillEqual);
+    assertFalse(CLASSNAME + " must have exhausted the itertor", iter.hasNext());
+
+    try {
+      iter.nextByte();
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testByteIterable() {
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    int j = 0;
+    for (byte quantum : testString) {
+      stillEqual = (BYTES[j] == quantum);
+      ++j;
+    }
+    assertTrue(CLASSNAME + " must capture the right bytes as Bytes", stillEqual);
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " iterable character count", BYTES.length, j);
+  }
+
+  public void testSize() {
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " must have the expected size", BYTES.length, testString.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetTreeDepth() {
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " must have depth 0", 0, testString.getTreeDepth());
+  }
+
+  public void testIsBalanced() {
+    assertTrue(CLASSNAME + " is technically balanced", testString.isBalanced());
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyTo_ByteArrayOffsetLength() {
+    int destinationOffset = 50;
+    int length = 100;
+    byte[] destination = new byte[destinationOffset + length];
+    int sourceOffset = 213;
+    testString.copyTo(destination, sourceOffset, destinationOffset, length);
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    for (int i = 0; stillEqual && i < length; ++i) {
+      stillEqual = BYTES[i + sourceOffset] == destination[i + destinationOffset];
+    }
+    assertTrue(CLASSNAME + ".copyTo(4 arg) must give the expected bytes", stillEqual);
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyTo_ByteArrayOffsetLengthErrors() {
+    int destinationOffset = 50;
+    int length = 100;
+    byte[] destination = new byte[destinationOffset + length];
+
+    try {
+      // Copy one too many bytes
+      testString.copyTo(destination, testString.size() + 1 - length, destinationOffset, length);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception when copying too many bytes of a " + CLASSNAME);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal negative sourceOffset
+      testString.copyTo(destination, -1, destinationOffset, length);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception when given a negative sourceOffset in " + CLASSNAME);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal negative destinationOffset
+      testString.copyTo(destination, 0, -1, length);
+      fail(
+          "Should have thrown an exception when given a negative destinationOffset in "
+              + CLASSNAME);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal negative size
+      testString.copyTo(destination, 0, 0, -1);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception when given a negative size in " + CLASSNAME);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal too-large sourceOffset
+      testString.copyTo(destination, 2 * testString.size(), 0, length);
+      fail(
+          "Should have thrown an exception when the destinationOffset is too large in "
+              + CLASSNAME);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Copy with illegal too-large destinationOffset
+      testString.copyTo(destination, 0, 2 * destination.length, length);
+      fail(
+          "Should have thrown an exception when the destinationOffset is too large in "
+              + CLASSNAME);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyTo_ByteBuffer() {
+    // Same length.
+    ByteBuffer myBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BYTES.length);
+    testString.copyTo(myBuffer);
+    myBuffer.flip();
+    assertEquals(
+        CLASSNAME + ".copyTo(ByteBuffer) must give back the same bytes", backingBuffer, myBuffer);
+
+    // Target buffer bigger than required.
+    myBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(testString.size() + 1);
+    testString.copyTo(myBuffer);
+    myBuffer.flip();
+    assertEquals(backingBuffer, myBuffer);
+
+    // Target buffer has no space.
+    myBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(0);
+    try {
+      testString.copyTo(myBuffer);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception when target ByteBuffer has insufficient capacity");
+    } catch (BufferOverflowException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    // Target buffer too small.
+    myBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1);
+    try {
+      testString.copyTo(myBuffer);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception when target ByteBuffer has insufficient capacity");
+    } catch (BufferOverflowException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMarkSupported() {
+    InputStream stream = testString.newInput();
+    assertTrue(CLASSNAME + ".newInput() must support marking", stream.markSupported());
+  }
+
+  public void testMarkAndReset() throws IOException {
+    int fraction = testString.size() / 3;
+
+    InputStream stream = testString.newInput();
+    stream.mark(testString.size()); // First, mark() the end.
+
+    skipFully(stream, fraction); // Skip a large fraction, but not all.
+    assertEquals(
+        CLASSNAME + ": after skipping to the 'middle', half the bytes are available",
+        (testString.size() - fraction),
+        stream.available());
+    stream.reset();
+    assertEquals(
+        CLASSNAME + ": after resetting, all bytes are available",
+        testString.size(),
+        stream.available());
+
+    skipFully(stream, testString.size()); // Skip to the end.
+    assertEquals(
+        CLASSNAME + ": after skipping to the end, no more bytes are available",
+        0,
+        stream.available());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Discards {@code n} bytes of data from the input stream. This method will block until the full
+   * amount has been skipped. Does not close the stream.
+   *
+   * <p>Copied from com.google.common.io.ByteStreams to avoid adding dependency.
+   *
+   * @param in the input stream to read from
+   * @param n the number of bytes to skip
+   * @throws EOFException if this stream reaches the end before skipping all the bytes
+   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs, or the stream does not support skipping
+   */
+  static void skipFully(InputStream in, long n) throws IOException {
+    long toSkip = n;
+    while (n > 0) {
+      long amt = in.skip(n);
+      if (amt == 0) {
+        // Force a blocking read to avoid infinite loop
+        if (in.read() == -1) {
+          long skipped = toSkip - n;
+          throw new EOFException(
+              "reached end of stream after skipping "
+                  + skipped
+                  + " bytes; "
+                  + toSkip
+                  + " bytes expected");
+        }
+        n--;
+      } else {
+        n -= amt;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAsReadOnlyByteBuffer() {
+    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = testString.asReadOnlyByteBuffer();
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = new byte[BYTES.length];
+    assertTrue(byteBuffer.remaining() == BYTES.length);
+    assertTrue(byteBuffer.isReadOnly());
+    byteBuffer.get(roundTripBytes);
+    assertTrue(
+        CLASSNAME + ".asReadOnlyByteBuffer() must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(BYTES, roundTripBytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testAsReadOnlyByteBufferList() {
+    List<ByteBuffer> byteBuffers = testString.asReadOnlyByteBufferList();
+    int bytesSeen = 0;
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = new byte[BYTES.length];
+    for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : byteBuffers) {
+      int thisLength = byteBuffer.remaining();
+      assertTrue(byteBuffer.isReadOnly());
+      assertTrue(bytesSeen + thisLength <= BYTES.length);
+      byteBuffer.get(roundTripBytes, bytesSeen, thisLength);
+      bytesSeen += thisLength;
+    }
+    assertTrue(bytesSeen == BYTES.length);
+    assertTrue(
+        CLASSNAME + ".asReadOnlyByteBufferTest() must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(BYTES, roundTripBytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testToByteArray() {
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = testString.toByteArray();
+    assertTrue(
+        CLASSNAME + ".toByteArray() must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(BYTES, roundTripBytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testWriteTo() throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    testString.writeTo(bos);
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = bos.toByteArray();
+    assertTrue(
+        CLASSNAME + ".writeTo() must give back the same bytes",
+        Arrays.equals(BYTES, roundTripBytes));
+  }
+
+  public void testWriteToShouldNotExposeInternalBufferToOutputStream() throws IOException {
+    OutputStream os =
+        new OutputStream() {
+          @Override
+          public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) {
+            Arrays.fill(b, off, off + len, (byte) 0);
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void write(int b) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+        };
+
+    byte[] original = Arrays.copyOf(BYTES, BYTES.length);
+    testString.writeTo(os);
+    assertTrue(
+        CLASSNAME + ".writeTo() must NOT grant access to underlying buffer",
+        Arrays.equals(original, BYTES));
+  }
+
+  public void testWriteToInternalShouldExposeInternalBufferToOutputStream() throws IOException {
+    OutputStream os =
+        new OutputStream() {
+          @Override
+          public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) {
+            Arrays.fill(b, off, off + len, (byte) 0);
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void write(int b) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+        };
+
+    testString.writeToInternal(os, 0, testString.size());
+    byte[] allZeros = new byte[testString.size()];
+    assertTrue(
+        CLASSNAME + ".writeToInternal() must grant access to underlying buffer",
+        Arrays.equals(allZeros, backingBuffer.array()));
+  }
+
+  public void testWriteToShouldExposeInternalBufferToByteOutput() throws IOException {
+    ByteOutput out =
+        new ByteOutput() {
+          @Override
+          public void write(byte value) throws IOException {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void write(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void write(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void writeLazy(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void writeLazy(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+            Arrays.fill(
+                value.array(), value.arrayOffset(), value.arrayOffset() + value.limit(), (byte) 0);
+          }
+        };
+
+    testString.writeTo(out);
+    byte[] allZeros = new byte[testString.size()];
+    assertTrue(
+        CLASSNAME + ".writeTo() must grant access to underlying buffer",
+        Arrays.equals(allZeros, backingBuffer.array()));
+  }
+
+  public void testNewOutput() throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    ByteString.Output output = ByteString.newOutput();
+    testString.writeTo(output);
+    assertEquals("Output Size returns correct result", output.size(), testString.size());
+    output.writeTo(bos);
+    assertTrue(
+        "Output.writeTo() must give back the same bytes", Arrays.equals(BYTES, bos.toByteArray()));
+
+    // write the output stream to itself! This should cause it to double
+    output.writeTo(output);
+    assertEquals(
+        "Writing an output stream to itself is successful",
+        testString.concat(testString),
+        output.toByteString());
+
+    output.reset();
+    assertEquals("Output.reset() resets the output", 0, output.size());
+    assertEquals("Output.reset() resets the output", EMPTY, output.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testToString() {
+    String testString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    ByteString unicode = forString(testString);
+    String roundTripString = unicode.toString(UTF_8);
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " unicode must match", testString, roundTripString);
+  }
+
+  public void testCharsetToString() {
+    String testString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    ByteString unicode = forString(testString);
+    String roundTripString = unicode.toString(UTF_8);
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " unicode must match", testString, roundTripString);
+  }
+
+  public void testToString_returnsCanonicalEmptyString() {
+    assertSame(
+        CLASSNAME + " must be the same string references",
+        EMPTY.toString(UTF_8),
+        new NioByteString(ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[0])).toString(UTF_8));
+  }
+
+  public void testToString_raisesException() {
+    try {
+      EMPTY.toString("invalid");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      testString.toString("invalid");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testEquals() {
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " must not equal null", false, testString.equals(null));
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " must equal self", testString, testString);
+    assertFalse(CLASSNAME + " must not equal the empty string", testString.equals(EMPTY));
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " empty strings must be equal", EMPTY, testString.substring(55, 55));
+    assertEquals(
+        CLASSNAME + " must equal another string with the same value",
+        testString,
+        new NioByteString(backingBuffer));
+
+    byte[] mungedBytes = mungedBytes();
+    assertFalse(
+        CLASSNAME + " must not equal every string with the same length",
+        testString.equals(new NioByteString(ByteBuffer.wrap(mungedBytes))));
+  }
+
+  public void testEqualsLiteralByteString() {
+    ByteString literal = ByteString.copyFrom(BYTES);
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " must equal LiteralByteString with same value", literal, testString);
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " must equal LiteralByteString with same value", testString, literal);
+    assertFalse(
+        CLASSNAME + " must not equal the empty string", testString.equals(ByteString.EMPTY));
+    assertEquals(
+        CLASSNAME + " empty strings must be equal", ByteString.EMPTY, testString.substring(55, 55));
+
+    literal = ByteString.copyFrom(mungedBytes());
+    assertFalse(
+        CLASSNAME + " must not equal every LiteralByteString with the same length",
+        testString.equals(literal));
+    assertFalse(
+        CLASSNAME + " must not equal every LiteralByteString with the same length",
+        literal.equals(testString));
+  }
+
+  public void testEqualsRopeByteString() {
+    ByteString p1 = ByteString.copyFrom(BYTES, 0, 5);
+    ByteString p2 = ByteString.copyFrom(BYTES, 5, BYTES.length - 5);
+    ByteString rope = p1.concat(p2);
+
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " must equal RopeByteString with same value", rope, testString);
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " must equal RopeByteString with same value", testString, rope);
+    assertFalse(
+        CLASSNAME + " must not equal the empty string",
+        testString.equals(ByteString.EMPTY.concat(ByteString.EMPTY)));
+    assertEquals(
+        CLASSNAME + " empty strings must be equal",
+        ByteString.EMPTY.concat(ByteString.EMPTY),
+        testString.substring(55, 55));
+
+    byte[] mungedBytes = mungedBytes();
+    p1 = ByteString.copyFrom(mungedBytes, 0, 5);
+    p2 = ByteString.copyFrom(mungedBytes, 5, mungedBytes.length - 5);
+    rope = p1.concat(p2);
+    assertFalse(
+        CLASSNAME + " must not equal every RopeByteString with the same length",
+        testString.equals(rope));
+    assertFalse(
+        CLASSNAME + " must not equal every RopeByteString with the same length",
+        rope.equals(testString));
+  }
+
+  private byte[] mungedBytes() {
+    byte[] mungedBytes = new byte[BYTES.length];
+    System.arraycopy(BYTES, 0, mungedBytes, 0, BYTES.length);
+    mungedBytes[mungedBytes.length - 5] = (byte) (mungedBytes[mungedBytes.length - 5] ^ 0xFF);
+    return mungedBytes;
+  }
+
+  public void testHashCode() {
+    int hash = testString.hashCode();
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " must have expected hashCode", EXPECTED_HASH, hash);
+  }
+
+  public void testPeekCachedHashCode() {
+    ByteString newString = new NioByteString(backingBuffer);
+    assertEquals(
+        CLASSNAME + ".peekCachedHashCode() should return zero at first",
+        0,
+        newString.peekCachedHashCode());
+    newString.hashCode();
+    assertEquals(
+        CLASSNAME + ".peekCachedHashCode should return zero at first",
+        EXPECTED_HASH,
+        newString.peekCachedHashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testPartialHash() {
+    // partialHash() is more strenuously tested elsewhere by testing hashes of substrings.
+    // This test would fail if the expected hash were 1.  It's not.
+    int hash = testString.partialHash(testString.size(), 0, testString.size());
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + ".partialHash() must yield expected hashCode", EXPECTED_HASH, hash);
+  }
+
+  public void testNewInput() throws IOException {
+    InputStream input = testString.newInput();
+    assertEquals(
+        "InputStream.available() returns correct value", testString.size(), input.available());
+    boolean stillEqual = true;
+    for (byte referenceByte : BYTES) {
+      int expectedInt = (referenceByte & 0xFF);
+      stillEqual = (expectedInt == input.read());
+    }
+    assertEquals("InputStream.available() returns correct value", 0, input.available());
+    assertTrue(CLASSNAME + " must give the same bytes from the InputStream", stillEqual);
+    assertEquals(CLASSNAME + " InputStream must now be exhausted", -1, input.read());
+  }
+
+  public void testNewInput_skip() throws IOException {
+    InputStream input = testString.newInput();
+    int stringSize = testString.size();
+    int nearEndIndex = stringSize * 2 / 3;
+    long skipped1 = input.skip(nearEndIndex);
+    assertEquals("InputStream.skip()", skipped1, nearEndIndex);
+    assertEquals("InputStream.available()", stringSize - skipped1, input.available());
+    assertTrue("InputStream.mark() is available", input.markSupported());
+    input.mark(0);
+    assertEquals(
+        "InputStream.skip(), read()", testString.byteAt(nearEndIndex) & 0xFF, input.read());
+    assertEquals("InputStream.available()", stringSize - skipped1 - 1, input.available());
+    long skipped2 = input.skip(stringSize);
+    assertEquals("InputStream.skip() incomplete", skipped2, stringSize - skipped1 - 1);
+    assertEquals("InputStream.skip(), no more input", 0, input.available());
+    assertEquals("InputStream.skip(), no more input", -1, input.read());
+    input.reset();
+    assertEquals("InputStream.reset() succeded", stringSize - skipped1, input.available());
+    assertEquals(
+        "InputStream.reset(), read()", testString.byteAt(nearEndIndex) & 0xFF, input.read());
+  }
+
+  public void testNewCodedInput() throws IOException {
+    CodedInputStream cis = testString.newCodedInput();
+    byte[] roundTripBytes = cis.readRawBytes(BYTES.length);
+    assertTrue(
+        CLASSNAME + " must give the same bytes back from the CodedInputStream",
+        Arrays.equals(BYTES, roundTripBytes));
+    assertTrue(CLASSNAME + " CodedInputStream must now be exhausted", cis.isAtEnd());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make sure we keep things simple when concatenating with empty. See also {@link
+   * ByteStringTest#testConcat_empty()}.
+   */
+  public void testConcat_empty() {
+    assertSame(
+        CLASSNAME + " concatenated with empty must give " + CLASSNAME,
+        testString.concat(EMPTY),
+        testString);
+    assertSame(
+        "empty concatenated with " + CLASSNAME + " must give " + CLASSNAME,
+        EMPTY.concat(testString),
+        testString);
+  }
+
+  public void testJavaSerialization() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
+    oos.writeObject(testString);
+    oos.close();
+    byte[] pickled = out.toByteArray();
+    InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(pickled);
+    ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(in);
+    Object o = ois.readObject();
+    assertTrue("Didn't get a ByteString back", o instanceof ByteString);
+    assertEquals("Should get an equal ByteString back", testString, o);
+  }
+
+  private static ByteString forString(String str) {
+    return new NioByteString(ByteBuffer.wrap(str.getBytes(UTF_8)));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/PackedFieldTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/PackedFieldTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2397d2ebc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/PackedFieldTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.PackedFieldTestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import com.google.protobuf.PackedFieldTestProto.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.PackedFieldTestProto.TestUnpackedTypes;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** Tests primitive repeated fields in proto3 are packed in wire format. */
+public class PackedFieldTest extends TestCase {
+  static final ByteString expectedPackedRawBytes =
+      ByteString.copyFrom(
+          new byte[] {
+            (byte) 0xFA,
+            0x01,
+            0x01,
+            0x01, // repeated int32
+            (byte) 0x82,
+            0x02,
+            0x01,
+            0x01, // repeated int64
+            (byte) 0x8A,
+            0x02,
+            0x01,
+            0x01, // repeated uint32
+            (byte) 0x92,
+            0x02,
+            0x01,
+            0x01, // repeated uint64
+            (byte) 0x9A,
+            0x02,
+            0x01,
+            0x02, // repeated sint32
+            (byte) 0xA2,
+            0x02,
+            0x01,
+            0x02, // repeated sint64
+            (byte) 0xAA,
+            0x02,
+            0x04,
+            0x01,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00, // repeated fixed32
+            (byte) 0xB2,
+            0x02,
+            0x08,
+            0x01,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00, // repeated fixed64
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            (byte) 0xBA,
+            0x02,
+            0x04,
+            0x01,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00, // repeated sfixed32
+            (byte) 0xC2,
+            0x02,
+            0x08,
+            0x01,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00, // repeated sfixed64
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            (byte) 0xCA,
+            0x02,
+            0x04,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            (byte) 0x80,
+            0x3f, // repeated float
+            (byte) 0xD2,
+            0x02,
+            0x08,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00, // repeated double
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            (byte) 0xf0,
+            0x3f,
+            (byte) 0xDA,
+            0x02,
+            0x01,
+            0x01, // repeated bool
+            (byte) 0x9A,
+            0x03,
+            0x01,
+            0x01 // repeated nested enum
+          });
+
+  static final ByteString expectedUnpackedRawBytes =
+      ByteString.copyFrom(
+          new byte[] {
+            0x08,
+            0x01, // repeated int32
+            0x10,
+            0x01, // repeated int64
+            0x18,
+            0x01, // repeated uint32
+            0x20,
+            0x01, // repeated uint64
+            0x28,
+            0x02, // repeated sint32
+            0x30,
+            0x02, // repeated sint64
+            0x3D,
+            0x01,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00, // repeated fixed32
+            0x41,
+            0x01,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00, // repeated fixed64
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x4D,
+            0x01,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00, // repeated sfixed32
+            0x51,
+            0x01,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00, // repeated sfixed64
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x5D,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            (byte) 0x80,
+            0x3f, // repeated float
+            0x61,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            0x00, // repeated double
+            0x00,
+            0x00,
+            (byte) 0xf0,
+            0x3f,
+            0x68,
+            0x01, // repeated bool
+            0x70,
+            0x01, // repeated nested enum
+          });
+
+  public void testPackedGeneratedMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(expectedPackedRawBytes);
+    assertEquals(expectedPackedRawBytes, message.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testPackedDynamicMessageSerialize() throws Exception {
+    DynamicMessage message =
+        DynamicMessage.parseFrom(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), expectedPackedRawBytes);
+    assertEquals(expectedPackedRawBytes, message.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testUnpackedGeneratedMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestUnpackedTypes message = TestUnpackedTypes.parseFrom(expectedUnpackedRawBytes);
+    assertEquals(expectedUnpackedRawBytes, message.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testUnPackedDynamicMessageSerialize() throws Exception {
+    DynamicMessage message =
+        DynamicMessage.parseFrom(TestUnpackedTypes.getDescriptor(), expectedUnpackedRawBytes);
+    assertEquals(expectedUnpackedRawBytes, message.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  // Make sure we haven't screwed up the code generation for packing fields by default.
+  public void testPackedSerialization() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .addRepeatedInt32(1234)
+            .addRepeatedNestedEnum(NestedEnum.BAR)
+            .build();
+
+    CodedInputStream in = CodedInputStream.newInstance(message.toByteArray());
+
+    while (!in.isAtEnd()) {
+      int tag = in.readTag();
+      assertEquals(WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag));
+      in.skipField(tag);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParseExceptionsTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParseExceptionsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e63ee76a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParseExceptionsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.DescriptorProto;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.FilterInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+/**
+ * Tests the exceptions thrown when parsing from a stream. The methods on the {@link Parser}
+ * interface are specified to only throw {@link InvalidProtocolBufferException}. But we really want
+ * to distinguish between invalid protos vs. actual I/O errors (like failures reading from a socket,
+ * etc.). So, when we're not using the parser directly, an {@link IOException} should be thrown
+ * where appropriate, instead of always an {@link InvalidProtocolBufferException}.
+ *
+ * @author jh@squareup.com (Joshua Humphries)
+ */
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public class ParseExceptionsTest {
+
+  private interface ParseTester {
+    DescriptorProto parse(InputStream in) throws IOException;
+  }
+
+  private byte[] serializedProto;
+
+  private void setup() {
+    serializedProto = DescriptorProto.getDescriptor().toProto().toByteArray();
+  }
+
+  private void setupDelimited() {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    try {
+      DescriptorProto.getDescriptor().toProto().writeDelimitedTo(bos);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      fail("Exception not expected: " + e);
+    }
+    serializedProto = bos.toByteArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void message_parseFrom_InputStream() {
+    setup();
+    verifyExceptions(
+        new ParseTester() {
+          @Override
+          public DescriptorProto parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+            return DescriptorProto.parseFrom(in);
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void message_parseFrom_InputStreamAndExtensionRegistry() {
+    setup();
+    verifyExceptions(
+        new ParseTester() {
+          @Override
+          public DescriptorProto parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+            return DescriptorProto.parseFrom(in, ExtensionRegistry.newInstance());
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void message_parseFrom_CodedInputStream() {
+    setup();
+    verifyExceptions(
+        new ParseTester() {
+          @Override
+          public DescriptorProto parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+            return DescriptorProto.parseFrom(CodedInputStream.newInstance(in));
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void message_parseFrom_CodedInputStreamAndExtensionRegistry() {
+    setup();
+    verifyExceptions(
+        new ParseTester() {
+          @Override
+          public DescriptorProto parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+            return DescriptorProto.parseFrom(
+                CodedInputStream.newInstance(in), ExtensionRegistry.newInstance());
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void message_parseDelimitedFrom_InputStream() {
+    setupDelimited();
+    verifyExceptions(
+        new ParseTester() {
+          @Override
+          public DescriptorProto parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+            return DescriptorProto.parseDelimitedFrom(in);
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void message_parseDelimitedFrom_InputStreamAndExtensionRegistry() {
+    setupDelimited();
+    verifyExceptions(
+        new ParseTester() {
+          @Override
+          public DescriptorProto parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+            return DescriptorProto.parseDelimitedFrom(in, ExtensionRegistry.newInstance());
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void messageBuilder_mergeFrom_InputStream() {
+    setup();
+    verifyExceptions(
+        new ParseTester() {
+          @Override
+          public DescriptorProto parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+            return DescriptorProto.newBuilder().mergeFrom(in).build();
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void messageBuilder_mergeFrom_InputStreamAndExtensionRegistry() {
+    setup();
+    verifyExceptions(
+        new ParseTester() {
+          @Override
+          public DescriptorProto parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+            return DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                .mergeFrom(in, ExtensionRegistry.newInstance())
+                .build();
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void messageBuilder_mergeFrom_CodedInputStream() {
+    setup();
+    verifyExceptions(
+        new ParseTester() {
+          @Override
+          public DescriptorProto parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+            return DescriptorProto.newBuilder().mergeFrom(CodedInputStream.newInstance(in)).build();
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void messageBuilder_mergeFrom_CodedInputStreamAndExtensionRegistry() {
+    setup();
+    verifyExceptions(
+        new ParseTester() {
+          @Override
+          public DescriptorProto parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+            return DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                .mergeFrom(CodedInputStream.newInstance(in), ExtensionRegistry.newInstance())
+                .build();
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void messageBuilder_mergeDelimitedFrom_InputStream() {
+    setupDelimited();
+    verifyExceptions(
+        new ParseTester() {
+          @Override
+          public DescriptorProto parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+            DescriptorProto.Builder builder = DescriptorProto.newBuilder();
+            builder.mergeDelimitedFrom(in);
+            return builder.build();
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void messageBuilder_mergeDelimitedFrom_InputStream_malformed() throws Exception {
+    byte[] body = new byte[80];
+    CodedOutputStream cos = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(body);
+    cos.writeRawVarint32(90); // Greater than bytes in stream
+    cos.writeTag(DescriptorProto.ENUM_TYPE_FIELD_NUMBER, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    cos.writeRawVarint32(98); // Nested message with size larger than parent
+    cos.writeTag(1000, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    cos.writeRawVarint32(100); // Unknown field with size larger than parent
+    ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(body);
+    try {
+      DescriptorProto.parseDelimitedFrom(bais);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void messageBuilder_mergeDelimitedFrom_InputStreamAndExtensionRegistry() {
+    setupDelimited();
+    verifyExceptions(
+        new ParseTester() {
+          @Override
+          public DescriptorProto parse(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+            DescriptorProto.Builder builder = DescriptorProto.newBuilder();
+            builder.mergeDelimitedFrom(in, ExtensionRegistry.newInstance());
+            return builder.build();
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  private void verifyExceptions(ParseTester parseTester) {
+    // No exception
+    try {
+      assertEquals(
+          DescriptorProto.getDescriptor().toProto(),
+          parseTester.parse(new ByteArrayInputStream(serializedProto)));
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      fail("No exception expected: " + e);
+    }
+
+    // IOException
+    try {
+      // using a "broken" stream that will throw part-way through reading the message
+      parseTester.parse(broken(new ByteArrayInputStream(serializedProto)));
+      fail("IOException expected but not thrown");
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      assertFalse(e instanceof InvalidProtocolBufferException);
+    }
+
+    // InvalidProtocolBufferException
+    try {
+      // make the serialized proto invalid
+      for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
+        serializedProto[i] = -1;
+      }
+      parseTester.parse(new ByteArrayInputStream(serializedProto));
+      fail("InvalidProtocolBufferException expected but not thrown");
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      assertTrue(e instanceof InvalidProtocolBufferException);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private InputStream broken(InputStream i) {
+    return new FilterInputStream(i) {
+      int count = 0;
+
+      @Override
+      public int read() throws IOException {
+        if (count++ >= 50) {
+          throw new IOException("I'm broken!");
+        }
+        return super.read();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+        if ((count += len) >= 50) {
+          throw new IOException("I'm broken!");
+        }
+        return super.read(b, off, len);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParserLiteTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParserLiteTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eb2dc3dd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParserLiteTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllTypesLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestPackedExtensionsLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestParsingMergeLite;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+public class ParserLiteTest extends TestCase {
+  private void assertRoundTripEquals(MessageLite message, ExtensionRegistryLite registry)
+      throws Exception {
+    final byte[] data = message.toByteArray();
+    final int offset = 20;
+    final int length = data.length;
+    final int padding = 30;
+    Parser<? extends MessageLite> parser = message.getParserForType();
+    assertEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(data, registry));
+    assertEquals(
+        message,
+        parser.parseFrom(generatePaddingArray(data, offset, padding), offset, length, registry));
+    assertEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(message.toByteString(), registry));
+    assertEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), registry));
+    assertEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(CodedInputStream.newInstance(data), registry));
+    assertEquals(
+        message, parser.parseFrom(message.toByteString().asReadOnlyByteBuffer(), registry));
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private void assertRoundTripEquals(MessageLite message) throws Exception {
+    final byte[] data = message.toByteArray();
+    final int offset = 20;
+    final int length = data.length;
+    final int padding = 30;
+
+    Parser<MessageLite> parser = (Parser<MessageLite>) message.getParserForType();
+    assertEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(data));
+    assertEquals(
+        message, parser.parseFrom(generatePaddingArray(data, offset, padding), offset, length));
+    assertEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(message.toByteString()));
+    assertEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(data)));
+    assertEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(CodedInputStream.newInstance(data)));
+    assertEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(message.toByteString().asReadOnlyByteBuffer()));
+  }
+
+  private byte[] generatePaddingArray(byte[] data, int offset, int padding) {
+    byte[] result = new byte[offset + data.length + padding];
+    System.arraycopy(data, 0, result, offset, data.length);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public void testParseExtensionsLite() throws Exception {
+    assertRoundTripEquals(
+        TestUtilLite.getAllLiteExtensionsSet(), TestUtilLite.getExtensionRegistryLite());
+  }
+
+  public void testParsePacked() throws Exception {
+    assertRoundTripEquals(TestUtil.getPackedSet());
+    assertRoundTripEquals(TestUtil.getPackedExtensionsSet(), TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry());
+  }
+
+  public void testParsePackedLite() throws Exception {
+    assertRoundTripEquals(
+        TestUtilLite.getLitePackedExtensionsSet(), TestUtilLite.getExtensionRegistryLite());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseDelimitedToLite() throws Exception {
+    // Write MessageLite with packed extension fields.
+    TestPackedExtensionsLite packedMessage = TestUtilLite.getLitePackedExtensionsSet();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    packedMessage.writeDelimitedTo(output);
+    packedMessage.writeDelimitedTo(output);
+
+    InputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(output.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(
+        packedMessage,
+        packedMessage
+            .getParserForType()
+            .parseDelimitedFrom(input, TestUtilLite.getExtensionRegistryLite()));
+    assertEquals(
+        packedMessage,
+        packedMessage
+            .getParserForType()
+            .parseDelimitedFrom(input, TestUtilLite.getExtensionRegistryLite()));
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method for {@link #testParsingMergeLite()}. */
+  private void assertMessageMerged(TestAllTypesLite allTypes) throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(3, allTypes.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(2, allTypes.getOptionalInt64());
+    assertEquals("hello", allTypes.getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParsingMergeLite() throws Exception {
+    // Build messages.
+    TestAllTypesLite.Builder builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder();
+    TestAllTypesLite msg1 = builder.setOptionalInt32(1).build();
+    builder.clear();
+    TestAllTypesLite msg2 = builder.setOptionalInt64(2).build();
+    builder.clear();
+    TestAllTypesLite msg3 = builder.setOptionalInt32(3).setOptionalString("hello").build();
+
+    // Build groups.
+    TestParsingMergeLite.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1 optionalG1 =
+        TestParsingMergeLite.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1.newBuilder().setField1(msg1).build();
+    TestParsingMergeLite.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1 optionalG2 =
+        TestParsingMergeLite.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1.newBuilder().setField1(msg2).build();
+    TestParsingMergeLite.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1 optionalG3 =
+        TestParsingMergeLite.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1.newBuilder().setField1(msg3).build();
+    TestParsingMergeLite.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2 repeatedG1 =
+        TestParsingMergeLite.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2.newBuilder().setField1(msg1).build();
+    TestParsingMergeLite.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2 repeatedG2 =
+        TestParsingMergeLite.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2.newBuilder().setField1(msg2).build();
+    TestParsingMergeLite.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2 repeatedG3 =
+        TestParsingMergeLite.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2.newBuilder().setField1(msg3).build();
+
+    // Assign and serialize RepeatedFieldsGenerator.
+    ByteString data =
+        TestParsingMergeLite.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.newBuilder()
+            .addField1(msg1)
+            .addField1(msg2)
+            .addField1(msg3)
+            .addField2(msg1)
+            .addField2(msg2)
+            .addField2(msg3)
+            .addField3(msg1)
+            .addField3(msg2)
+            .addField3(msg3)
+            .addGroup1(optionalG1)
+            .addGroup1(optionalG2)
+            .addGroup1(optionalG3)
+            .addGroup2(repeatedG1)
+            .addGroup2(repeatedG2)
+            .addGroup2(repeatedG3)
+            .addExt1(msg1)
+            .addExt1(msg2)
+            .addExt1(msg3)
+            .addExt2(msg1)
+            .addExt2(msg2)
+            .addExt2(msg3)
+            .build()
+            .toByteString();
+
+    // Parse TestParsingMergeLite.
+    ExtensionRegistryLite registry = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+    UnittestLite.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+    TestParsingMergeLite parsingMerge = TestParsingMergeLite.parser().parseFrom(data, registry);
+
+    // Required and optional fields should be merged.
+    assertMessageMerged(parsingMerge.getRequiredAllTypes());
+    assertMessageMerged(parsingMerge.getOptionalAllTypes());
+    assertMessageMerged(parsingMerge.getOptionalGroup().getOptionalGroupAllTypes());
+    assertMessageMerged(parsingMerge.getExtension(TestParsingMergeLite.optionalExt));
+
+    // Repeated fields should not be merged.
+    assertEquals(3, parsingMerge.getRepeatedAllTypesCount());
+    assertEquals(3, parsingMerge.getRepeatedGroupCount());
+    assertEquals(3, parsingMerge.getExtensionCount(TestParsingMergeLite.repeatedExt));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParserTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParserTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..983caec76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParserTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestOptimizeFor;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestOptimizeFor.TestOptimizedForSize;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestOptimizeFor.TestRequiredOptimizedForSize;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestParsingMerge;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link Parser}.
+ *
+ * @author liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+ */
+public class ParserTest extends TestCase {
+  public void testGeneratedMessageParserSingleton() throws Exception {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      assertEquals(TestAllTypes.parser(), TestUtil.getAllSet().getParserForType());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertRoundTripEquals(MessageLite message, ExtensionRegistryLite registry)
+      throws Exception {
+    final byte[] data = message.toByteArray();
+    final int offset = 20;
+    final int length = data.length;
+    final int padding = 30;
+    Parser<? extends MessageLite> parser = message.getParserForType();
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(data, registry));
+    assertMessageEquals(
+        message,
+        parser.parseFrom(generatePaddingArray(data, offset, padding), offset, length, registry));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(message.toByteString(), registry));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), registry));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(CodedInputStream.newInstance(data), registry));
+    assertMessageEquals(
+        message, parser.parseFrom(message.toByteString().asReadOnlyByteBuffer(), registry));
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private void assertRoundTripEquals(MessageLite message) throws Exception {
+    final byte[] data = message.toByteArray();
+    final int offset = 20;
+    final int length = data.length;
+    final int padding = 30;
+
+    Parser<MessageLite> parser = (Parser<MessageLite>) message.getParserForType();
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(data));
+    assertMessageEquals(
+        message, parser.parseFrom(generatePaddingArray(data, offset, padding), offset, length));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(message.toByteString()));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(data)));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(CodedInputStream.newInstance(data)));
+    assertMessageEquals(message, parser.parseFrom(message.toByteString().asReadOnlyByteBuffer()));
+  }
+
+  private void assertMessageEquals(MessageLite expected, MessageLite actual) throws Exception {
+    if (expected instanceof Message) {
+      assertEquals(expected, actual);
+    } else {
+      assertEquals(expected.toByteString(), actual.toByteString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private byte[] generatePaddingArray(byte[] data, int offset, int padding) {
+    byte[] result = new byte[offset + data.length + padding];
+    System.arraycopy(data, 0, result, offset, data.length);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public void testNormalMessage() throws Exception {
+    assertRoundTripEquals(TestUtil.getAllSet());
+  }
+
+
+  public void testParsePartial() throws Exception {
+    assertParsePartial(TestRequired.parser(), TestRequired.newBuilder().setA(1).buildPartial());
+  }
+
+  private <T extends MessageLite> void assertParsePartial(Parser<T> parser, T partialMessage)
+      throws Exception {
+    final String errorString = "Should throw exceptions when the parsed message isn't initialized.";
+
+    // parsePartialFrom should pass.
+    byte[] data = partialMessage.toByteArray();
+    assertEquals(partialMessage, parser.parsePartialFrom(data));
+    assertEquals(partialMessage, parser.parsePartialFrom(partialMessage.toByteString()));
+    assertEquals(partialMessage, parser.parsePartialFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(data)));
+    assertEquals(partialMessage, parser.parsePartialFrom(CodedInputStream.newInstance(data)));
+
+    // parseFrom(ByteArray)
+    try {
+      parser.parseFrom(partialMessage.toByteArray());
+      fail(errorString);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // pass.
+    }
+
+    // parseFrom(ByteString)
+    try {
+      parser.parseFrom(partialMessage.toByteString());
+      fail(errorString);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // pass.
+    }
+
+    // parseFrom(InputStream)
+    try {
+      parser.parseFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(partialMessage.toByteArray()));
+      fail(errorString);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // pass.
+    }
+
+    // parseFrom(CodedInputStream)
+    try {
+      parser.parseFrom(CodedInputStream.newInstance(partialMessage.toByteArray()));
+      fail(errorString);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // pass.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseExtensions() throws Exception {
+    assertRoundTripEquals(TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet(), TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry());
+  }
+
+  public void testParsePacked() throws Exception {
+    assertRoundTripEquals(TestUtil.getPackedSet());
+    assertRoundTripEquals(TestUtil.getPackedExtensionsSet(), TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseDelimitedTo() throws Exception {
+    // Write normal Message.
+    TestAllTypes normalMessage = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    normalMessage.writeDelimitedTo(output);
+    normalMessage.writeDelimitedTo(output);
+
+    InputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(output.toByteArray());
+    assertMessageEquals(normalMessage, normalMessage.getParserForType().parseDelimitedFrom(input));
+    assertMessageEquals(normalMessage, normalMessage.getParserForType().parseDelimitedFrom(input));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseUnknownFields() throws Exception {
+    // All fields will be treated as unknown fields in emptyMessage.
+    TestEmptyMessage emptyMessage =
+        TestEmptyMessage.parser().parseFrom(TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteString());
+    assertEquals(TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteString(), emptyMessage.toByteString());
+  }
+
+
+  public void testOptimizeForSize() throws Exception {
+    TestOptimizedForSize.Builder builder = TestOptimizedForSize.newBuilder();
+    builder.setI(12).setMsg(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(34).build());
+    builder.setExtension(TestOptimizedForSize.testExtension, 56);
+    builder.setExtension(
+        TestOptimizedForSize.testExtension2,
+        TestRequiredOptimizedForSize.newBuilder().setX(78).build());
+
+    TestOptimizedForSize message = builder.build();
+    ExtensionRegistry registry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    UnittestOptimizeFor.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message, registry);
+  }
+
+  /** Helper method for {@link #testParsingMerge()}. */
+  private void assertMessageMerged(TestAllTypes allTypes) throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(3, allTypes.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(2, allTypes.getOptionalInt64());
+    assertEquals("hello", allTypes.getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParsingMerge() throws Exception {
+    // Build messages.
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TestAllTypes msg1 = builder.setOptionalInt32(1).build();
+    builder.clear();
+    TestAllTypes msg2 = builder.setOptionalInt64(2).build();
+    builder.clear();
+    TestAllTypes msg3 = builder.setOptionalInt32(3).setOptionalString("hello").build();
+
+    // Build groups.
+    TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1 optionalG1 =
+        TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1.newBuilder().setField1(msg1).build();
+    TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1 optionalG2 =
+        TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1.newBuilder().setField1(msg2).build();
+    TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1 optionalG3 =
+        TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group1.newBuilder().setField1(msg3).build();
+    TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2 repeatedG1 =
+        TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2.newBuilder().setField1(msg1).build();
+    TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2 repeatedG2 =
+        TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2.newBuilder().setField1(msg2).build();
+    TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2 repeatedG3 =
+        TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.Group2.newBuilder().setField1(msg3).build();
+
+    // Assign and serialize RepeatedFieldsGenerator.
+    ByteString data =
+        TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator.newBuilder()
+            .addField1(msg1)
+            .addField1(msg2)
+            .addField1(msg3)
+            .addField2(msg1)
+            .addField2(msg2)
+            .addField2(msg3)
+            .addField3(msg1)
+            .addField3(msg2)
+            .addField3(msg3)
+            .addGroup1(optionalG1)
+            .addGroup1(optionalG2)
+            .addGroup1(optionalG3)
+            .addGroup2(repeatedG1)
+            .addGroup2(repeatedG2)
+            .addGroup2(repeatedG3)
+            .addExt1(msg1)
+            .addExt1(msg2)
+            .addExt1(msg3)
+            .addExt2(msg1)
+            .addExt2(msg2)
+            .addExt2(msg3)
+            .build()
+            .toByteString();
+
+    // Parse TestParsingMerge.
+    ExtensionRegistry registry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    UnittestProto.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+    TestParsingMerge parsingMerge = TestParsingMerge.parser().parseFrom(data, registry);
+
+    // Required and optional fields should be merged.
+    assertMessageMerged(parsingMerge.getRequiredAllTypes());
+    assertMessageMerged(parsingMerge.getOptionalAllTypes());
+    assertMessageMerged(parsingMerge.getOptionalGroup().getOptionalGroupAllTypes());
+    assertMessageMerged(parsingMerge.getExtension(TestParsingMerge.optionalExt));
+
+    // Repeated fields should not be merged.
+    assertEquals(3, parsingMerge.getRepeatedAllTypesCount());
+    assertEquals(3, parsingMerge.getRepeatedGroupCount());
+    assertEquals(3, parsingMerge.getExtensionCount(TestParsingMerge.repeatedExt));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseDelimitedFrom_firstByteInterrupted_preservesCause() {
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.parseDelimitedFrom(
+          new InputStream() {
+            @Override
+            public int read() throws IOException {
+              throw new InterruptedIOException();
+            }
+          });
+      fail("Expected InterruptedIOException");
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      assertEquals(InterruptedIOException.class, e.getClass());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseDelimitedFrom_secondByteInterrupted_preservesCause() {
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.parseDelimitedFrom(
+          new InputStream() {
+            private int i;
+
+            @Override
+            public int read() throws IOException {
+              switch (i++) {
+                case 0:
+                  return 1;
+                case 1:
+                  throw new InterruptedIOException();
+                default:
+                  throw new AssertionError();
+              }
+            }
+          });
+      fail("Expected InterruptedIOException");
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      assertEquals(InterruptedIOException.class, e.getClass());
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2ExtensionLookupSchemaTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2ExtensionLookupSchemaTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dfda4b3cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2ExtensionLookupSchemaTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message.TestEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2MessageWithExtensions;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public class Proto2ExtensionLookupSchemaTest {
+  private byte[] data;
+  private ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry;
+
+  @Before
+  public void setup() {
+    TestSchemas.registerGenericProto2Schemas();
+
+    Protobuf.getInstance().schemaFor(Proto2MessageWithExtensions.class);
+    data = new Proto2MessageFactory(10, 20, 1, 1).newMessage().toByteArray();
+    extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    Proto2Testing.registerAllExtensions(extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testExtensions() throws Exception {
+    Proto2MessageWithExtensions base =
+        Proto2MessageWithExtensions.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+
+    Proto2MessageWithExtensions message =
+        ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(
+            data, Proto2MessageWithExtensions.class, extensionRegistry);
+    assertEquals(base, message);
+
+    Proto2MessageWithExtensions roundtripMessage =
+        ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(
+            ExperimentalSerializationUtil.toByteArray(message),
+            Proto2MessageWithExtensions.class,
+            extensionRegistry);
+    assertEquals(base, roundtripMessage);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testUnknownEnum() throws Exception {
+    // Use unknown fields to hold invalid enum values.
+    UnknownFieldSetLite unknowns = UnknownFieldSetLite.newInstance();
+    final int outOfRange = 1000;
+    assertNull(TestEnum.forNumber(outOfRange));
+    unknowns.storeField(
+        WireFormat.makeTag(Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_13_FIELD_NUMBER, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+        (long) outOfRange);
+    unknowns.storeField(
+        WireFormat.makeTag(
+            Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_30_FIELD_NUMBER, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+        (long) TestEnum.ONE_VALUE);
+    unknowns.storeField(
+        WireFormat.makeTag(
+            Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_30_FIELD_NUMBER, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+        (long) outOfRange);
+    unknowns.storeField(
+        WireFormat.makeTag(
+            Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_30_FIELD_NUMBER, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+        (long) TestEnum.TWO_VALUE);
+
+    {
+      // Construct a packed enum list.
+      int packedSize =
+          CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(TestEnum.ONE_VALUE)
+              + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(outOfRange)
+              + CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(TestEnum.ONE_VALUE);
+      ByteString.CodedBuilder packedBuilder = ByteString.newCodedBuilder(packedSize);
+      CodedOutputStream packedOut = packedBuilder.getCodedOutput();
+      packedOut.writeEnumNoTag(TestEnum.ONE_VALUE);
+      packedOut.writeEnumNoTag(outOfRange);
+      packedOut.writeEnumNoTag(TestEnum.TWO_VALUE);
+      unknowns.storeField(
+          WireFormat.makeTag(
+              Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_PACKED_44_FIELD_NUMBER,
+              WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
+          packedBuilder.build());
+    }
+    int size = unknowns.getSerializedSize();
+    byte[] output = new byte[size];
+    CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(output);
+    unknowns.writeTo(codedOutput);
+    codedOutput.flush();
+
+    Proto2MessageWithExtensions parsed =
+        ExperimentalSerializationUtil.fromByteArray(
+            output, Proto2MessageWithExtensions.class, extensionRegistry);
+    assertFalse(
+        "out-of-range singular enum should not be in message",
+        parsed.hasExtension(Proto2Testing.fieldEnum13));
+    {
+      List<Long> singularEnum =
+          parsed
+              .getUnknownFields()
+              .getField(Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_13_FIELD_NUMBER)
+              .getVarintList();
+      assertEquals(1, singularEnum.size());
+      assertEquals((Long) (long) outOfRange, singularEnum.get(0));
+    }
+    {
+      List<Long> repeatedEnum =
+          parsed
+              .getUnknownFields()
+              .getField(Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_30_FIELD_NUMBER)
+              .getVarintList();
+      assertEquals(1, repeatedEnum.size());
+      assertEquals((Long) (long) outOfRange, repeatedEnum.get(0));
+    }
+    {
+      List<Long> packedRepeatedEnum =
+          parsed
+              .getUnknownFields()
+              .getField(Proto2Message.FIELD_ENUM_LIST_PACKED_44_FIELD_NUMBER)
+              .getVarintList();
+      assertEquals(1, packedRepeatedEnum.size());
+      assertEquals((Long) (long) outOfRange, packedRepeatedEnum.get(0));
+    }
+    assertEquals(
+        "out-of-range repeated enum should not be in message",
+        2,
+        parsed.getExtension(Proto2Testing.fieldEnumList30).size());
+    assertEquals(TestEnum.ONE, parsed.getExtension(Proto2Testing.fieldEnumList30, 0));
+    assertEquals(TestEnum.TWO, parsed.getExtension(Proto2Testing.fieldEnumList30, 1));
+    assertEquals(
+        "out-of-range packed repeated enum should not be in message",
+        2,
+        parsed.getExtension(Proto2Testing.fieldEnumListPacked44).size());
+    assertEquals(TestEnum.ONE, parsed.getExtension(Proto2Testing.fieldEnumListPacked44, 0));
+    assertEquals(TestEnum.TWO, parsed.getExtension(Proto2Testing.fieldEnumListPacked44, 1));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2LiteSchemaTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2LiteSchemaTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8242f847e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2LiteSchemaTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLite;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public class Proto2LiteSchemaTest extends AbstractProto2LiteSchemaTest {
+
+  @Override
+  protected Schema<Proto2MessageLite> schema() {
+    return TestSchemasLite.genericProto2LiteSchema;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void registerSchemas() {
+    TestSchemasLite.registerGenericProto2LiteSchemas();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageFactory.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b5c61ed99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2MessageWithMaps;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/** Creates instances of {@link Proto2Message} based on the tree configuration. */
+public final class Proto2MessageFactory implements ExperimentalMessageFactory<Proto2Message> {
+  private final int numRepeatedFields;
+  private final int branchingFactor;
+  private final Proto2MessageFactory nextLevel;
+  private final ExperimentalTestDataProvider data;
+
+  public Proto2MessageFactory(
+      int numRepeatedFields, int stringLength, int branchingFactor, int treeDepth) {
+    this(
+        new ExperimentalTestDataProvider(stringLength),
+        numRepeatedFields,
+        branchingFactor,
+        treeDepth);
+  }
+
+  private Proto2MessageFactory(
+      ExperimentalTestDataProvider data,
+      int numRepeatedFields,
+      int branchingFactor,
+      int treeDepth) {
+    this.numRepeatedFields = numRepeatedFields;
+    this.branchingFactor = branchingFactor;
+    this.data = data;
+    if (treeDepth > 0) {
+      nextLevel = new Proto2MessageFactory(data, numRepeatedFields, branchingFactor, treeDepth - 1);
+    } else {
+      nextLevel = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ExperimentalTestDataProvider dataProvider() {
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Proto2Message newMessage() {
+    Proto2Message.Builder builder = Proto2Message.newBuilder();
+    builder.setFieldDouble1(data.getDouble());
+    builder.setFieldFloat2(data.getFloat());
+    builder.setFieldInt643(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldUint644(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldInt325(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldFixed646(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldFixed327(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldBool8(data.getBool());
+    builder.setFieldString9(data.getString());
+    // We don't populate the message field. Instead we apply the branching factor to the
+    // repeated message field below.
+    builder.setFieldBytes11(data.getBytes());
+    builder.setFieldUint3212(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldEnum13(Proto2Message.TestEnum.forNumber(data.getEnum()));
+    builder.setFieldSfixed3214(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldSfixed6415(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldSint3216(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldSint6417(data.getLong());
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      builder.addFieldDoubleList18(data.getDouble());
+      builder.addFieldFloatList19(data.getFloat());
+      builder.addFieldInt64List20(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldUint64List21(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldInt32List22(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldFixed64List23(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldFixed32List24(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldBoolList25(data.getBool());
+      builder.addFieldStringList26(data.getString());
+      // Repeated message field is controlled by the branching factor below.
+      builder.addFieldBytesList28(data.getBytes());
+      builder.addFieldUint32List29(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldEnumList30(Proto2Message.TestEnum.forNumber(data.getEnum()));
+      builder.addFieldSfixed32List31(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSfixed64List32(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldSint32List33(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSint64List34(data.getLong());
+
+      builder.addFieldDoubleListPacked35(data.getDouble());
+      builder.addFieldFloatListPacked36(data.getFloat());
+      builder.addFieldInt64ListPacked37(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldUint64ListPacked38(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldInt32ListPacked39(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldFixed64ListPacked40(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldFixed32ListPacked41(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldBoolListPacked42(data.getBool());
+      builder.addFieldUint32ListPacked43(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldEnumListPacked44(Proto2Message.TestEnum.forNumber(data.getEnum()));
+      builder.addFieldSfixed32ListPacked45(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSfixed64ListPacked46(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldSint32ListPacked47(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSint64ListPacked48(data.getLong());
+    }
+
+    builder.setFieldGroup49(Proto2Message.FieldGroup49.newBuilder().setFieldInt3250(data.getInt()));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < branchingFactor; ++i) {
+      builder.addFieldGroupList51(
+          Proto2Message.FieldGroupList51.newBuilder().setFieldInt3252(data.getInt()));
+    }
+
+    // Set all required fields.
+    populateRequiredFields(builder, INCLUDE_ALL_REQUIRED_FIELDS);
+
+    // Handle the branching factor.
+    if (nextLevel != null) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < branchingFactor; ++i) {
+        builder.addFieldMessageList27(nextLevel.newMessage());
+      }
+    }
+
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private interface MapValueProvider<T> {
+    public T getValue();
+  }
+
+  private final MapValueProvider<Integer> integerProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Integer>() {
+        @Override
+        public Integer getValue() {
+          return data.getInt();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Long> longProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Long>() {
+        @Override
+        public Long getValue() {
+          return data.getLong();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<String> stringProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<String>() {
+        @Override
+        public String getValue() {
+          return data.getString();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<ByteString> bytesProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<ByteString>() {
+        @Override
+        public ByteString getValue() {
+          return data.getBytes();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Boolean> booleanProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Boolean>() {
+        @Override
+        public Boolean getValue() {
+          return data.getBool();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Float> floatProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Float>() {
+        @Override
+        public Float getValue() {
+          return data.getFloat();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Double> doubleProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Double>() {
+        @Override
+        public Double getValue() {
+          return data.getDouble();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Proto2Message> messageProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Proto2Message>() {
+        @Override
+        public Proto2Message getValue() {
+          return newMessage();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Proto2Message.TestEnum> enumProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Proto2Message.TestEnum>() {
+        @Override
+        public Proto2Message.TestEnum getValue() {
+          return Proto2Message.TestEnum.forNumber(data.getEnum());
+        }
+      };
+
+  private <V> Map<Integer, V> populateIntegerMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<Integer, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      map.put(data.getInt(), provider.getValue());
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private <V> Map<Long, V> populateLongMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<Long, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      map.put(data.getLong(), provider.getValue());
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private <V> Map<String, V> populateStringMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<String, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      map.put(data.getString(), provider.getValue());
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private <V> Map<Boolean, V> populateBooleanMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<Boolean, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    map.put(false, provider.getValue());
+    map.put(true, provider.getValue());
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  public Proto2MessageWithMaps newMessageWithMaps() {
+    Proto2MessageWithMaps.Builder builder = Proto2MessageWithMaps.newBuilder();
+
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolBool1(populateBooleanMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolBytes2(populateBooleanMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolDouble3(populateBooleanMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolEnum4(populateBooleanMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolFixed325(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolFixed646(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolFloat7(populateBooleanMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolInt328(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolInt649(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolMessage10(populateBooleanMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSfixed3211(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSfixed6412(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSint3213(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSint6414(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolString15(populateBooleanMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolUint3216(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolUint6417(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Bool18(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Bytes19(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Double20(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Enum21(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Fixed3222(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Fixed6423(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Float24(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Int3225(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Int6426(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Message27(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sfixed3228(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sfixed6429(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sint3230(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sint6431(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32String32(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Uint3233(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Uint6434(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Bool35(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Bytes36(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Double37(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Enum38(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Fixed3239(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Fixed6440(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Float41(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Int3242(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Int6443(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Message44(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sfixed3245(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sfixed6446(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sint3247(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sint6448(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64String49(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Uint3250(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Uint6451(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Bool52(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Bytes53(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Double54(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Enum55(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Fixed3256(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Fixed6457(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Float58(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Int3259(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Int6460(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Message61(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sfixed3262(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sfixed6463(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sint3264(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sint6465(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32String66(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Uint3267(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Uint6468(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Bool69(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Bytes70(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Double71(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Enum72(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Fixed3273(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Fixed6474(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Float75(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Int3276(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Int6477(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Message78(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sfixed3279(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sfixed6480(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sint3281(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sint6482(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64String83(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Uint3284(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Uint6485(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Bool86(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Bytes87(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Double88(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Enum89(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Fixed3290(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Fixed6491(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Float92(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Int3293(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Int6494(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Message95(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sfixed3296(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sfixed6497(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sint3298(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sint6499(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32String100(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Uint32101(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Uint64102(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Bool103(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Bytes104(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Double105(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Enum106(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Fixed32107(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Fixed64108(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Float109(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Int32110(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Int64111(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Message112(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sfixed32113(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sfixed64114(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sint32115(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sint64116(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64String117(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Uint32118(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Uint64119(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Bool120(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Bytes121(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Double122(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Enum123(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Fixed32124(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Fixed64125(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Float126(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Int32127(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Int64128(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Message129(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sfixed32130(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sfixed64131(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sint32132(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sint64133(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32String134(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Uint32135(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Uint64136(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Bool137(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Bytes138(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Double139(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Enum140(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Fixed32141(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Fixed64142(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Float143(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Int32144(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Int64145(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Message146(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sfixed32147(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sfixed64148(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sint32149(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sint64150(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64String151(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Uint32152(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Uint64153(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringBool154(populateStringMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringBytes155(populateStringMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringDouble156(populateStringMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringEnum157(populateStringMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringFixed32158(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringFixed64159(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringFloat160(populateStringMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringInt32161(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringInt64162(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringMessage163(populateStringMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSfixed32164(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSfixed64165(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSint32166(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSint64167(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringString168(populateStringMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringUint32169(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringUint64170(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Bool171(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Bytes172(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Double173(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Enum174(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Fixed32175(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Fixed64176(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Float177(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Int32178(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Int64179(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Message180(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sfixed32181(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sfixed64182(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sint32183(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sint64184(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32String185(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Uint32186(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Uint64187(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Bool188(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Bytes189(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Double190(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Enum191(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Fixed32192(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Fixed64193(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Float194(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Int32195(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Int64196(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Message197(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sfixed32198(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sfixed64199(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sint32200(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sint64201(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64String202(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Uint32203(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Uint64204(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  public List<Proto2Message> newMessagesMissingRequiredFields() {
+    List<Proto2Message> results = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (int i = 71; i <= 88; ++i) {
+      Proto2Message.Builder builder = Proto2Message.newBuilder();
+      populateRequiredFields(builder, i);
+      results.add(builder.buildPartial());
+    }
+    {
+      // A nested optional message field is missing required fields.
+      Proto2Message.Builder builder = Proto2Message.newBuilder();
+      populateRequiredFields(builder, INCLUDE_ALL_REQUIRED_FIELDS);
+      builder.setFieldMessage10(Proto2Message.getDefaultInstance());
+      results.add(builder.buildPartial());
+    }
+    {
+      // A nested repeated message field is missing required fields.
+      Proto2Message.Builder builder = Proto2Message.newBuilder();
+      populateRequiredFields(builder, INCLUDE_ALL_REQUIRED_FIELDS);
+      builder.addFieldMessageList27(Proto2Message.getDefaultInstance());
+      results.add(builder.buildPartial());
+    }
+    {
+      // A nested oneof message field is missing required fields.
+      Proto2Message.Builder builder = Proto2Message.newBuilder();
+      populateRequiredFields(builder, INCLUDE_ALL_REQUIRED_FIELDS);
+      builder.setFieldMessage62(Proto2Message.getDefaultInstance());
+      results.add(builder.buildPartial());
+    }
+    return results;
+  }
+
+  // 0 is not a valid field number so we use it to mean no fields are excluded.
+  private static final int INCLUDE_ALL_REQUIRED_FIELDS = 0;
+
+  private void populateRequiredFields(Proto2Message.Builder builder, int excludedFieldNumber) {
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 71) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredDouble71(data.getDouble());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 72) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredFloat72(data.getFloat());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 73) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredInt6473(data.getLong());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 74) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredUint6474(data.getLong());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 75) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredInt3275(data.getInt());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 76) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredFixed6476(data.getLong());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 77) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredFixed3277(data.getInt());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 78) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredBool78(data.getBool());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 79) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredString79(data.getString());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 80) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredMessage80(
+          Proto2Message.RequiredNestedMessage.newBuilder().setValue(data.getInt()));
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 81) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredBytes81(data.getBytes());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 82) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredUint3282(data.getInt());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 83) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredEnum83(Proto2Message.TestEnum.forNumber(data.getEnum()));
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 84) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredSfixed3284(data.getInt());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 85) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredSfixed6485(data.getLong());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 86) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredSint3286(data.getInt());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 87) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredSint6487(data.getLong());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 88) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredGroup88(
+          Proto2Message.FieldRequiredGroup88.newBuilder().setFieldInt3289(data.getInt()));
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageInfoFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageInfoFactory.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..af671b22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageInfoFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,892 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forFieldWithEnumVerifier;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forMapField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forOneofMemberField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forProto2OptionalField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forProto2RequiredField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forRepeatedMessageField;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Empty;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message.FieldGroup49;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message.FieldGroup69;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message.FieldGroupList51;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message.FieldRequiredGroup88;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message.RequiredNestedMessage;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message.TestEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2MessageWithExtensions;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2MessageWithMaps;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+
+/** A factory that generates a hard-coded message info for {@link Proto2Message}. */
+public final class Proto2MessageInfoFactory implements MessageInfoFactory {
+  private static final Proto2MessageInfoFactory INSTANCE = new Proto2MessageInfoFactory();
+
+  private Proto2MessageInfoFactory() {}
+
+  public static Proto2MessageInfoFactory getInstance() {
+    return INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isSupported(Class<?> clazz) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageInfo messageInfoFor(Class<?> clazz) {
+    if (Proto2Message.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForProto2Message();
+    } else if (FieldGroup49.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForFieldGroup49();
+    } else if (FieldGroupList51.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForFieldGroupList51();
+    } else if (FieldGroup69.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForFieldGroup69();
+    } else if (FieldRequiredGroup88.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForFieldRequiredGroup88();
+    } else if (RequiredNestedMessage.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForRequiredNestedMessage();
+    } else if (Proto2Empty.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForProto2Empty();
+    } else if (Proto2MessageWithExtensions.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForProto2MessageWithExtensions();
+    } else if (Proto2Testing.FieldGroup49.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForExtensionFieldGroup49();
+    } else if (Proto2Testing.FieldGroupList51.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForExtensionFieldGroupList51();
+    } else if (Proto2Testing.Proto2MessageWithMaps.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForProto2MessageWithMaps();
+    } else {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported class: " + clazz.getName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new hard-coded info for {@link Proto2Message}. Each time this is called, we manually
+   * go through the entire process of what a message would do if it self-registered its own info,
+   * including looking up each field by name. This is done for benchmarking purposes, so that we get
+   * a more accurate representation of the time it takes to perform this process.
+   */
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto2Message() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(50);
+    builder.withCheckInitialized(
+        new int[] {
+          10, 27, 62, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88,
+        });
+    lookupFieldsByName(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static void lookupFieldsByName(StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder) {
+    Field bitField0 = field("bitField0_");
+
+    builder.withDefaultInstance(Proto2Message.getDefaultInstance());
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldDouble1_"), 1, FieldType.DOUBLE, bitField0, 0x00000001, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldFloat2_"), 2, FieldType.FLOAT, bitField0, 0x00000002, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldInt643_"), 3, FieldType.INT64, bitField0, 0x00000004, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldUint644_"), 4, FieldType.UINT64, bitField0, 0x00000008, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldInt325_"), 5, FieldType.INT32, bitField0, 0x00000010, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldFixed646_"), 6, FieldType.FIXED64, bitField0, 0x00000020, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldFixed327_"), 7, FieldType.FIXED32, bitField0, 0x00000040, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldBool8_"), 8, FieldType.BOOL, bitField0, 0x00000080, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldString9_"), 9, FieldType.STRING, bitField0, 0x00000100, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldMessage10_"), 10, FieldType.MESSAGE, bitField0, 0x00000200, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldBytes11_"), 11, FieldType.BYTES, bitField0, 0x00000400, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldUint3212_"), 12, FieldType.UINT32, bitField0, 0x00000800, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldEnum13_"),
+            13,
+            FieldType.ENUM,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00001000,
+            false,
+            asVerifier(TestEnum.internalGetValueMap())));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldSfixed3214_"), 14, FieldType.SFIXED32, bitField0, 0x00002000, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldSfixed6415_"), 15, FieldType.SFIXED64, bitField0, 0x00004000, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldSint3216_"), 16, FieldType.SINT32, bitField0, 0x00008000, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldSint6417_"), 17, FieldType.SINT64, bitField0, 0x00010000, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldDoubleList18_"), 18, FieldType.DOUBLE_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldFloatList19_"), 19, FieldType.FLOAT_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldInt64List20_"), 20, FieldType.INT64_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldUint64List21_"), 21, FieldType.UINT64_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldInt32List22_"), 22, FieldType.INT32_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldFixed64List23_"), 23, FieldType.FIXED64_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldFixed32List24_"), 24, FieldType.FIXED32_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldBoolList25_"), 25, FieldType.BOOL_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldStringList26_"), 26, FieldType.STRING_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forRepeatedMessageField(
+            field("fieldMessageList27_"), 27, FieldType.MESSAGE_LIST, Proto2Message.class));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldBytesList28_"), 28, FieldType.BYTES_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldUint32List29_"), 29, FieldType.UINT32_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forFieldWithEnumVerifier(
+            field("fieldEnumList30_"),
+            30,
+            FieldType.ENUM_LIST,
+            asVerifier(TestEnum.internalGetValueMap())));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldSfixed32List31_"), 31, FieldType.SFIXED32_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldSfixed64List32_"), 32, FieldType.SFIXED64_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldSint32List33_"), 33, FieldType.SINT32_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldSint64List34_"), 34, FieldType.SINT64_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldDoubleListPacked35_"), 35, FieldType.DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldFloatListPacked36_"), 36, FieldType.FLOAT_LIST_PACKED, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldInt64ListPacked37_"), 37, FieldType.INT64_LIST_PACKED, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldUint64ListPacked38_"), 38, FieldType.UINT64_LIST_PACKED, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldInt32ListPacked39_"), 39, FieldType.INT32_LIST_PACKED, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldFixed64ListPacked40_"), 40, FieldType.FIXED64_LIST_PACKED, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldFixed32ListPacked41_"), 41, FieldType.FIXED32_LIST_PACKED, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldBoolListPacked42_"), 42, FieldType.BOOL_LIST_PACKED, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldUint32ListPacked43_"), 43, FieldType.UINT32_LIST_PACKED, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forFieldWithEnumVerifier(
+            field("fieldEnumListPacked44_"),
+            44,
+            FieldType.ENUM_LIST_PACKED,
+            asVerifier(TestEnum.internalGetValueMap())));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldSfixed32ListPacked45_"), 45, FieldType.SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldSfixed64ListPacked46_"), 46, FieldType.SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldSint32ListPacked47_"), 47, FieldType.SINT32_LIST_PACKED, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldSint64ListPacked48_"), 48, FieldType.SINT64_LIST_PACKED, false));
+
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field("fieldGroup49_"), 49, FieldType.GROUP, bitField0, 0x00020000, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forRepeatedMessageField(
+            field("fieldGroupList51_"),
+            51,
+            FieldType.GROUP_LIST,
+            Proto2Message.FieldGroupList51.class));
+
+    OneofInfo oneof = new OneofInfo(0, field("testOneofCase_"), field("testOneof_"));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(53, FieldType.DOUBLE, oneof, Double.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(54, FieldType.FLOAT, oneof, Float.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(55, FieldType.INT64, oneof, Long.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(56, FieldType.UINT64, oneof, Long.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(57, FieldType.INT32, oneof, Integer.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(58, FieldType.FIXED64, oneof, Long.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(59, FieldType.FIXED32, oneof, Integer.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(60, FieldType.BOOL, oneof, Boolean.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(61, FieldType.STRING, oneof, String.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(62, FieldType.MESSAGE, oneof, Proto2Message.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(63, FieldType.BYTES, oneof, ByteString.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(64, FieldType.UINT32, oneof, Integer.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(65, FieldType.SFIXED32, oneof, Integer.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(66, FieldType.SFIXED64, oneof, Long.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(67, FieldType.SINT32, oneof, Integer.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(68, FieldType.SINT64, oneof, Long.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(
+            69, FieldType.GROUP, oneof, Proto2Message.FieldGroup69.class, false, null));
+
+    Field bitField1 = field("bitField1_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredDouble71_"),
+            71,
+            FieldType.DOUBLE,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000008,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredFloat72_"),
+            72,
+            FieldType.FLOAT,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000010,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredInt6473_"),
+            73,
+            FieldType.INT64,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000020,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredUint6474_"),
+            74,
+            FieldType.UINT64,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000040,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredInt3275_"),
+            75,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000080,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredFixed6476_"),
+            76,
+            FieldType.FIXED64,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000100,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredFixed3277_"),
+            77,
+            FieldType.FIXED32,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000200,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredBool78_"), 78, FieldType.BOOL, bitField1, 0x00000400, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredString79_"),
+            79,
+            FieldType.STRING,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000800,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredMessage80_"),
+            80,
+            FieldType.MESSAGE,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00001000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredBytes81_"),
+            81,
+            FieldType.BYTES,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00002000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredUint3282_"),
+            82,
+            FieldType.UINT32,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00004000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredEnum83_"),
+            83,
+            FieldType.ENUM,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00008000,
+            false,
+            asVerifier(TestEnum.internalGetValueMap())));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredSfixed3284_"),
+            84,
+            FieldType.SFIXED32,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00010000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredSfixed6485_"),
+            85,
+            FieldType.SFIXED64,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00020000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredSint3286_"),
+            86,
+            FieldType.SINT32,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00040000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredSint6487_"),
+            87,
+            FieldType.SINT64,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00080000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field("fieldRequiredGroup88_"),
+            88,
+            FieldType.GROUP,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00100000,
+            false,
+            null));
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForFieldGroup49() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    Field bitField0 = field(FieldGroup49.class, "bitField0_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(FieldGroup49.class, "fieldInt3250_"),
+            50,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForFieldGroupList51() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    Field bitField0 = field(FieldGroupList51.class, "bitField0_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(FieldGroupList51.class, "fieldInt3252_"),
+            52,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForFieldGroup69() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    Field bitField0 = field(FieldGroup69.class, "bitField0_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(FieldGroup69.class, "fieldInt3270_"),
+            70,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForRequiredNestedMessage() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    Field bitField0 = field(RequiredNestedMessage.class, "bitField0_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(RequiredNestedMessage.class, "value_"),
+            1,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForFieldRequiredGroup88() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    Field bitField0 = field(FieldRequiredGroup88.class, "bitField0_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(FieldRequiredGroup88.class, "fieldInt3289_"),
+            89,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto2Empty() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto2MessageWithExtensions() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(0);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForExtensionFieldGroup49() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    Field bitField0 = field(Proto2Testing.FieldGroup49.class, "bitField0_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2Testing.FieldGroup49.class, "fieldInt3250_"),
+            50,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForExtensionFieldGroupList51() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    Field bitField0 = field(Proto2Testing.FieldGroupList51.class, "bitField0_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2Testing.FieldGroupList51.class, "fieldInt3252_"),
+            52,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto2MessageWithMaps() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder();
+    builder.withCheckInitialized(
+        new int[] {
+          10, 27, 44, 61, 78, 95, 112, 129, 146, 163, 180, 197,
+        });
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_bool_1", 1));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_bytes_2", 2));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_double_3", 3));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_enum_4", 4));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_fixed32_5", 5));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_fixed64_6", 6));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_float_7", 7));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_int32_8", 8));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_int64_9", 9));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_message_10", 10));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sfixed32_11", 11));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sfixed64_12", 12));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sint32_13", 13));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sint64_14", 14));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_string_15", 15));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_uint32_16", 16));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_uint64_17", 17));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_bool_18", 18));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_bytes_19", 19));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_double_20", 20));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_enum_21", 21));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_fixed32_22", 22));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_fixed64_23", 23));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_float_24", 24));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_int32_25", 25));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_int64_26", 26));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_message_27", 27));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sfixed32_28", 28));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sfixed64_29", 29));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sint32_30", 30));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sint64_31", 31));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_string_32", 32));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_uint32_33", 33));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_uint64_34", 34));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_bool_35", 35));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_bytes_36", 36));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_double_37", 37));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_enum_38", 38));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_fixed32_39", 39));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_fixed64_40", 40));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_float_41", 41));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_int32_42", 42));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_int64_43", 43));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_message_44", 44));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sfixed32_45", 45));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sfixed64_46", 46));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sint32_47", 47));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sint64_48", 48));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_string_49", 49));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_uint32_50", 50));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_uint64_51", 51));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_bool_52", 52));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_bytes_53", 53));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_double_54", 54));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_enum_55", 55));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_fixed32_56", 56));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_fixed64_57", 57));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_float_58", 58));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_int32_59", 59));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_int64_60", 60));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_message_61", 61));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sfixed32_62", 62));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sfixed64_63", 63));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sint32_64", 64));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sint64_65", 65));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_string_66", 66));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_uint32_67", 67));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_uint64_68", 68));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_bool_69", 69));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_bytes_70", 70));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_double_71", 71));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_enum_72", 72));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_fixed32_73", 73));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_fixed64_74", 74));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_float_75", 75));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_int32_76", 76));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_int64_77", 77));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_message_78", 78));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sfixed32_79", 79));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sfixed64_80", 80));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sint32_81", 81));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sint64_82", 82));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_string_83", 83));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_uint32_84", 84));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_uint64_85", 85));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_bool_86", 86));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_bytes_87", 87));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_double_88", 88));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_enum_89", 89));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_fixed32_90", 90));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_fixed64_91", 91));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_float_92", 92));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_int32_93", 93));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_int64_94", 94));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_message_95", 95));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sfixed32_96", 96));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sfixed64_97", 97));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sint32_98", 98));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sint64_99", 99));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_string_100", 100));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_uint32_101", 101));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_uint64_102", 102));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_bool_103", 103));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_bytes_104", 104));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_double_105", 105));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_enum_106", 106));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_fixed32_107", 107));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_fixed64_108", 108));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_float_109", 109));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_int32_110", 110));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_int64_111", 111));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_message_112", 112));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sfixed32_113", 113));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sfixed64_114", 114));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sint32_115", 115));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sint64_116", 116));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_string_117", 117));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_uint32_118", 118));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_uint64_119", 119));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_bool_120", 120));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_bytes_121", 121));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_double_122", 122));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_enum_123", 123));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_fixed32_124", 124));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_fixed64_125", 125));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_float_126", 126));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_int32_127", 127));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_int64_128", 128));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_message_129", 129));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sfixed32_130", 130));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sfixed64_131", 131));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sint32_132", 132));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sint64_133", 133));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_string_134", 134));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_uint32_135", 135));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_uint64_136", 136));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_bool_137", 137));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_bytes_138", 138));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_double_139", 139));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_enum_140", 140));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_fixed32_141", 141));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_fixed64_142", 142));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_float_143", 143));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_int32_144", 144));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_int64_145", 145));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_message_146", 146));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sfixed32_147", 147));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sfixed64_148", 148));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sint32_149", 149));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sint64_150", 150));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_string_151", 151));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_uint32_152", 152));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_uint64_153", 153));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_bool_154", 154));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_bytes_155", 155));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_double_156", 156));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_enum_157", 157));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_fixed32_158", 158));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_fixed64_159", 159));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_float_160", 160));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_int32_161", 161));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_int64_162", 162));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_message_163", 163));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sfixed32_164", 164));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sfixed64_165", 165));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sint32_166", 166));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sint64_167", 167));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_string_168", 168));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_uint32_169", 169));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_uint64_170", 170));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_bool_171", 171));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_bytes_172", 172));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_double_173", 173));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_enum_174", 174));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_fixed32_175", 175));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_fixed64_176", 176));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_float_177", 177));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_int32_178", 178));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_int64_179", 179));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_message_180", 180));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sfixed32_181", 181));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sfixed64_182", 182));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sint32_183", 183));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sint64_184", 184));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_string_185", 185));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_uint32_186", 186));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_uint64_187", 187));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_bool_188", 188));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_bytes_189", 189));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_double_190", 190));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_enum_191", 191));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_fixed32_192", 192));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_fixed64_193", 193));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_float_194", 194));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_int32_195", 195));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_int64_196", 196));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_message_197", 197));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sfixed32_198", 198));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sfixed64_199", 199));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sint32_200", 200));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sint64_201", 201));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_string_202", 202));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_uint32_203", 203));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_uint64_204", 204));
+
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static FieldInfo mapFieldInfo(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName, int fieldNumber) {
+    try {
+      return forMapField(
+          field(clazz, SchemaUtil.toCamelCase(fieldName, false) + "_"),
+          fieldNumber,
+          SchemaUtil.getMapDefaultEntry(clazz, fieldName),
+          fieldName.contains("_enum_") ? asVerifier(TestEnum.internalGetValueMap()) : null);
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  private static Field field(String name) {
+    return field(Proto2Message.class, name);
+  }
+
+  private static Field field(Class<?> clazz, String name) {
+    try {
+      return clazz.getDeclaredField(name);
+    } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static Internal.EnumVerifier asVerifier(final Internal.EnumLiteMap<?> map) {
+    return new Internal.EnumVerifier() {
+      @Override
+      public boolean isInRange(int number) {
+        return map.findValueByNumber(number) != null;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageLiteFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageLiteFactory.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2da349424
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageLiteFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/** Creates instances of {@link Proto2MessageLite} based on the tree configuration. */
+public final class Proto2MessageLiteFactory
+    implements ExperimentalMessageFactory<Proto2MessageLite> {
+  private final int numRepeatedFields;
+  private final int branchingFactor;
+  private final Proto2MessageLiteFactory nextLevel;
+  private final ExperimentalTestDataProvider data;
+
+  public Proto2MessageLiteFactory(
+      int numRepeatedFields, int stringLength, int branchingFactor, int treeDepth) {
+    this(
+        new ExperimentalTestDataProvider(stringLength),
+        numRepeatedFields,
+        branchingFactor,
+        treeDepth);
+  }
+
+  private Proto2MessageLiteFactory(
+      ExperimentalTestDataProvider data,
+      int numRepeatedFields,
+      int branchingFactor,
+      int treeDepth) {
+    this.numRepeatedFields = numRepeatedFields;
+    this.branchingFactor = branchingFactor;
+    this.data = data;
+    if (treeDepth > 0) {
+      nextLevel =
+          new Proto2MessageLiteFactory(data, numRepeatedFields, branchingFactor, treeDepth - 1);
+    } else {
+      nextLevel = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ExperimentalTestDataProvider dataProvider() {
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Proto2MessageLite newMessage() {
+    Proto2MessageLite.Builder builder = Proto2MessageLite.newBuilder();
+    builder.setFieldDouble1(data.getDouble());
+    builder.setFieldFloat2(data.getFloat());
+    builder.setFieldInt643(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldUint644(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldInt325(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldFixed646(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldFixed327(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldBool8(data.getBool());
+    builder.setFieldString9(data.getString());
+    // We don't populate the message field. Instead we apply the branching factor to the
+    // repeated message field below.
+    builder.setFieldBytes11(data.getBytes());
+    builder.setFieldUint3212(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldEnum13(Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum.forNumber(data.getEnum()));
+    builder.setFieldSfixed3214(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldSfixed6415(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldSint3216(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldSint6417(data.getLong());
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      builder.addFieldDoubleList18(data.getDouble());
+      builder.addFieldFloatList19(data.getFloat());
+      builder.addFieldInt64List20(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldUint64List21(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldInt32List22(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldFixed64List23(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldFixed32List24(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldBoolList25(data.getBool());
+      builder.addFieldStringList26(data.getString());
+      // Repeated message field is controlled by the branching factor below.
+      builder.addFieldBytesList28(data.getBytes());
+      builder.addFieldUint32List29(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldEnumList30(Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum.forNumber(data.getEnum()));
+      builder.addFieldSfixed32List31(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSfixed64List32(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldSint32List33(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSint64List34(data.getLong());
+
+      builder.addFieldDoubleListPacked35(data.getDouble());
+      builder.addFieldFloatListPacked36(data.getFloat());
+      builder.addFieldInt64ListPacked37(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldUint64ListPacked38(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldInt32ListPacked39(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldFixed64ListPacked40(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldFixed32ListPacked41(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldBoolListPacked42(data.getBool());
+      builder.addFieldUint32ListPacked43(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldEnumListPacked44(Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum.forNumber(data.getEnum()));
+      builder.addFieldSfixed32ListPacked45(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSfixed64ListPacked46(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldSint32ListPacked47(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSint64ListPacked48(data.getLong());
+    }
+
+    builder.setFieldGroup49(
+        Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroup49.newBuilder().setFieldInt3250(data.getInt()));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < branchingFactor; ++i) {
+      builder.addFieldGroupList51(
+          Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroupList51.newBuilder().setFieldInt3252(data.getInt()));
+    }
+
+    // Set all required fields.
+    populateRequiredFields(builder, INCLUDE_ALL_REQUIRED_FIELDS);
+
+    // Handle the branching factor.
+    if (nextLevel != null) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < branchingFactor; ++i) {
+        builder.addFieldMessageList27(nextLevel.newMessage());
+      }
+    }
+
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private interface MapValueProvider<T> {
+    public T getValue();
+  }
+
+  private final MapValueProvider<Integer> integerProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Integer>() {
+        @Override
+        public Integer getValue() {
+          return data.getInt();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Long> longProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Long>() {
+        @Override
+        public Long getValue() {
+          return data.getLong();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<String> stringProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<String>() {
+        @Override
+        public String getValue() {
+          return data.getString();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<ByteString> bytesProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<ByteString>() {
+        @Override
+        public ByteString getValue() {
+          return data.getBytes();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Boolean> booleanProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Boolean>() {
+        @Override
+        public Boolean getValue() {
+          return data.getBool();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Float> floatProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Float>() {
+        @Override
+        public Float getValue() {
+          return data.getFloat();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Double> doubleProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Double>() {
+        @Override
+        public Double getValue() {
+          return data.getDouble();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Proto2MessageLite> messageProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Proto2MessageLite>() {
+        @Override
+        public Proto2MessageLite getValue() {
+          return newMessage();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum> enumProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum>() {
+        @Override
+        public Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum getValue() {
+          return Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum.forNumber(data.getEnum());
+        }
+      };
+
+  private <V> Map<Integer, V> populateIntegerMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<Integer, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      map.put(data.getInt(), provider.getValue());
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private <V> Map<Long, V> populateLongMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<Long, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      map.put(data.getLong(), provider.getValue());
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private <V> Map<String, V> populateStringMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<String, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      map.put(data.getString(), provider.getValue());
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private <V> Map<Boolean, V> populateBooleanMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<Boolean, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    map.put(false, provider.getValue());
+    map.put(true, provider.getValue());
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  public Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps newMessageWithMaps() {
+    Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.Builder builder = Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.newBuilder();
+
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolBool1(populateBooleanMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolBytes2(populateBooleanMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolDouble3(populateBooleanMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolEnum4(populateBooleanMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolFixed325(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolFixed646(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolFloat7(populateBooleanMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolInt328(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolInt649(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolMessage10(populateBooleanMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSfixed3211(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSfixed6412(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSint3213(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSint6414(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolString15(populateBooleanMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolUint3216(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolUint6417(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Bool18(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Bytes19(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Double20(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Enum21(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Fixed3222(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Fixed6423(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Float24(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Int3225(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Int6426(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Message27(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sfixed3228(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sfixed6429(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sint3230(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sint6431(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32String32(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Uint3233(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Uint6434(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Bool35(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Bytes36(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Double37(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Enum38(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Fixed3239(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Fixed6440(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Float41(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Int3242(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Int6443(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Message44(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sfixed3245(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sfixed6446(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sint3247(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sint6448(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64String49(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Uint3250(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Uint6451(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Bool52(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Bytes53(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Double54(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Enum55(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Fixed3256(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Fixed6457(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Float58(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Int3259(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Int6460(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Message61(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sfixed3262(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sfixed6463(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sint3264(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sint6465(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32String66(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Uint3267(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Uint6468(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Bool69(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Bytes70(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Double71(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Enum72(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Fixed3273(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Fixed6474(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Float75(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Int3276(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Int6477(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Message78(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sfixed3279(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sfixed6480(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sint3281(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sint6482(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64String83(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Uint3284(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Uint6485(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Bool86(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Bytes87(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Double88(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Enum89(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Fixed3290(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Fixed6491(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Float92(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Int3293(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Int6494(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Message95(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sfixed3296(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sfixed6497(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sint3298(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sint6499(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32String100(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Uint32101(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Uint64102(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Bool103(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Bytes104(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Double105(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Enum106(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Fixed32107(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Fixed64108(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Float109(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Int32110(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Int64111(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Message112(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sfixed32113(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sfixed64114(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sint32115(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sint64116(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64String117(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Uint32118(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Uint64119(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Bool120(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Bytes121(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Double122(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Enum123(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Fixed32124(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Fixed64125(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Float126(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Int32127(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Int64128(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Message129(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sfixed32130(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sfixed64131(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sint32132(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sint64133(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32String134(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Uint32135(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Uint64136(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Bool137(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Bytes138(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Double139(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Enum140(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Fixed32141(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Fixed64142(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Float143(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Int32144(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Int64145(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Message146(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sfixed32147(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sfixed64148(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sint32149(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sint64150(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64String151(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Uint32152(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Uint64153(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringBool154(populateStringMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringBytes155(populateStringMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringDouble156(populateStringMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringEnum157(populateStringMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringFixed32158(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringFixed64159(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringFloat160(populateStringMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringInt32161(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringInt64162(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringMessage163(populateStringMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSfixed32164(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSfixed64165(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSint32166(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSint64167(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringString168(populateStringMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringUint32169(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringUint64170(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Bool171(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Bytes172(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Double173(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Enum174(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Fixed32175(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Fixed64176(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Float177(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Int32178(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Int64179(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Message180(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sfixed32181(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sfixed64182(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sint32183(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sint64184(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32String185(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Uint32186(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Uint64187(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Bool188(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Bytes189(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Double190(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Enum191(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Fixed32192(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Fixed64193(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Float194(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Int32195(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Int64196(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Message197(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sfixed32198(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sfixed64199(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sint32200(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sint64201(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64String202(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Uint32203(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Uint64204(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  public List<Proto2MessageLite> newMessagesMissingRequiredFields() {
+    List<Proto2MessageLite> results = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (int i = 71; i <= 88; ++i) {
+      Proto2MessageLite.Builder builder = Proto2MessageLite.newBuilder();
+      populateRequiredFields(builder, i);
+      results.add(builder.buildPartial());
+    }
+    {
+      // A nested optional message field is missing required fields.
+      Proto2MessageLite.Builder builder = Proto2MessageLite.newBuilder();
+      populateRequiredFields(builder, INCLUDE_ALL_REQUIRED_FIELDS);
+      builder.setFieldMessage10(Proto2MessageLite.getDefaultInstance());
+      results.add(builder.buildPartial());
+    }
+    {
+      // A nested repeated message field is missing required fields.
+      Proto2MessageLite.Builder builder = Proto2MessageLite.newBuilder();
+      populateRequiredFields(builder, INCLUDE_ALL_REQUIRED_FIELDS);
+      builder.addFieldMessageList27(Proto2MessageLite.getDefaultInstance());
+      results.add(builder.buildPartial());
+    }
+    {
+      // A nested oneof message field is missing required fields.
+      Proto2MessageLite.Builder builder = Proto2MessageLite.newBuilder();
+      populateRequiredFields(builder, INCLUDE_ALL_REQUIRED_FIELDS);
+      builder.setFieldMessage62(Proto2MessageLite.getDefaultInstance());
+      results.add(builder.buildPartial());
+    }
+    return results;
+  }
+
+  // 0 is not a valid field number so we use it to mean no fields are excluded.
+  private static final int INCLUDE_ALL_REQUIRED_FIELDS = 0;
+
+  private void populateRequiredFields(Proto2MessageLite.Builder builder, int excludedFieldNumber) {
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 71) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredDouble71(data.getDouble());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 72) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredFloat72(data.getFloat());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 73) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredInt6473(data.getLong());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 74) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredUint6474(data.getLong());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 75) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredInt3275(data.getInt());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 76) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredFixed6476(data.getLong());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 77) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredFixed3277(data.getInt());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 78) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredBool78(data.getBool());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 79) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredString79(data.getString());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 80) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredMessage80(
+          Proto2MessageLite.RequiredNestedMessage.newBuilder().setValue(data.getInt()));
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 81) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredBytes81(data.getBytes());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 82) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredUint3282(data.getInt());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 83) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredEnum83(Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum.forNumber(data.getEnum()));
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 84) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredSfixed3284(data.getInt());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 85) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredSfixed6485(data.getLong());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 86) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredSint3286(data.getInt());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 87) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredSint6487(data.getLong());
+    }
+    if (excludedFieldNumber != 88) {
+      builder.setFieldRequiredGroup88(
+          Proto2MessageLite.FieldRequiredGroup88.newBuilder().setFieldInt3289(data.getInt()));
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2SchemaTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2SchemaTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..098e7fe18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2SchemaTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public class Proto2SchemaTest extends AbstractProto2SchemaTest {
+
+  @Override
+  protected Schema<Proto2Message> schema() {
+    return TestSchemas.genericProto2Schema;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void registerSchemas() {
+    TestSchemas.registerGenericProto2Schemas();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2UnknownEnumValueTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2UnknownEnumValueTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..57ac0695e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2UnknownEnumValueTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** Unit tests for proto2 that treats unknown enum values as unknown fields. */
+public class Proto2UnknownEnumValueTest extends TestCase {
+  FieldDescriptor singularField =
+      TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
+  FieldDescriptor repeatedField =
+      TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("repeated_nested_enum");
+  byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithUnknownEnumValues();
+
+  private byte[] buildPayloadWithUnknownEnumValues() {
+    // Builds a payload with unknown enum values.
+    UnknownFieldSet.Builder builder = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+    builder.addField(
+        singularField.getNumber(),
+        UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+            .addVarint(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR.getNumber())
+            .addVarint(1901 /* unknown enum value */)
+            .build());
+    builder.addField(
+        repeatedField.getNumber(),
+        UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+            .addVarint(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO.getNumber())
+            .addVarint(1902 /* unknown enum value */)
+            .addVarint(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ.getNumber())
+            .addVarint(1903 /* unknown enum value */)
+            .build());
+    return builder.build().toByteArray();
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownEnumValues() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(payload);
+
+    // Known enum values should be preserved.
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+    assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedNestedEnumList().size());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, message.getRepeatedNestedEnum(0));
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ, message.getRepeatedNestedEnum(1));
+
+    // Unknown enum values should be found in UnknownFieldSet.
+    UnknownFieldSet unknown = message.getUnknownFields();
+    assertEquals(
+        1901, unknown.getField(singularField.getNumber()).getVarintList().get(0).longValue());
+    assertEquals(
+        1902, unknown.getField(repeatedField.getNumber()).getVarintList().get(0).longValue());
+    assertEquals(
+        1903, unknown.getField(repeatedField.getNumber()).getVarintList().get(1).longValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionUnknownEnumValues() throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistry registry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    UnittestProto.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+    TestAllExtensions message = TestAllExtensions.parseFrom(payload, registry);
+
+    assertEquals(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR,
+        message.getExtension(UnittestProto.optionalNestedEnumExtension));
+    assertEquals(2, message.getExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedNestedEnumExtension).size());
+    assertEquals(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO,
+        message.getExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedNestedEnumExtension, 0));
+    assertEquals(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ,
+        message.getExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedNestedEnumExtension, 1));
+
+    // Unknown enum values should be found in UnknownFieldSet.
+    UnknownFieldSet unknown = message.getUnknownFields();
+    assertEquals(
+        1901, unknown.getField(singularField.getNumber()).getVarintList().get(0).longValue());
+    assertEquals(
+        1902, unknown.getField(repeatedField.getNumber()).getVarintList().get(0).longValue());
+    assertEquals(
+        1903, unknown.getField(repeatedField.getNumber()).getVarintList().get(1).longValue());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3LiteSchemaTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3LiteSchemaTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ac9d6df70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3LiteSchemaTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3TestingLite.Proto3MessageLite;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public class Proto3LiteSchemaTest extends AbstractProto3LiteSchemaTest {
+
+  @Override
+  protected Schema<Proto3MessageLite> schema() {
+    return TestSchemasLite.genericProto3LiteSchema;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void registerSchemas() {
+    TestSchemasLite.registerGenericProto3LiteSchemas();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageFactory.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..33d5fe0fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3Testing.Proto3Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3Testing.Proto3MessageWithMaps;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/** Creates instances of {@link Proto3Message} based on the tree configuration. */
+public final class Proto3MessageFactory implements ExperimentalMessageFactory<Proto3Message> {
+  private final int numRepeatedFields;
+  private final int branchingFactor;
+  private final Proto3MessageFactory nextLevel;
+  private final ExperimentalTestDataProvider data;
+
+  public Proto3MessageFactory(
+      int numRepeatedFields, int stringLength, int branchingFactor, int treeDepth) {
+    this(
+        new ExperimentalTestDataProvider(stringLength),
+        numRepeatedFields,
+        branchingFactor,
+        treeDepth);
+  }
+
+  private Proto3MessageFactory(
+      ExperimentalTestDataProvider data,
+      int numRepeatedFields,
+      int branchingFactor,
+      int treeDepth) {
+    this.numRepeatedFields = numRepeatedFields;
+    this.branchingFactor = branchingFactor;
+    this.data = data;
+    if (treeDepth > 0) {
+      nextLevel = new Proto3MessageFactory(data, numRepeatedFields, branchingFactor, treeDepth - 1);
+    } else {
+      nextLevel = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ExperimentalTestDataProvider dataProvider() {
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Proto3Message newMessage() {
+    Proto3Message.Builder builder = Proto3Message.newBuilder();
+    builder.setFieldDouble1(data.getDouble());
+    builder.setFieldFloat2(data.getFloat());
+    builder.setFieldInt643(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldUint644(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldInt325(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldFixed646(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldFixed327(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldBool8(data.getBool());
+    builder.setFieldString9(data.getString());
+    // We don't populate the message field. Instead we apply the branching factor to the
+    // repeated message field below.
+    builder.setFieldBytes11(data.getBytes());
+    builder.setFieldUint3212(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldEnum13Value(data.getEnum());
+    builder.setFieldSfixed3214(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldSfixed6415(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldSint3216(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldSint6417(data.getLong());
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      builder.addFieldDoubleList18(data.getDouble());
+      builder.addFieldFloatList19(data.getFloat());
+      builder.addFieldInt64List20(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldUint64List21(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldInt32List22(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldFixed64List23(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldFixed32List24(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldBoolList25(data.getBool());
+      builder.addFieldStringList26(data.getString());
+      // Repeated message field is controlled by the branching factor below.
+      builder.addFieldBytesList28(data.getBytes());
+      builder.addFieldUint32List29(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldEnumList30Value(data.getEnum());
+      builder.addFieldSfixed32List31(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSfixed64List32(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldSint32List33(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSint64List34(data.getLong());
+
+      builder.addFieldDoubleListPacked35(data.getDouble());
+      builder.addFieldFloatListPacked36(data.getFloat());
+      builder.addFieldInt64ListPacked37(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldUint64ListPacked38(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldInt32ListPacked39(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldFixed64ListPacked40(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldFixed32ListPacked41(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldBoolListPacked42(data.getBool());
+      builder.addFieldUint32ListPacked43(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldEnumListPacked44Value(data.getEnum());
+      builder.addFieldSfixed32ListPacked45(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSfixed64ListPacked46(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldSint32ListPacked47(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSint64ListPacked48(data.getLong());
+    }
+
+    // Handle the branching factor.
+    if (nextLevel != null) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < branchingFactor; ++i) {
+        builder.addFieldMessageList27(nextLevel.newMessage());
+      }
+    }
+
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private interface MapValueProvider<T> {
+    public T getValue();
+  }
+
+  private final MapValueProvider<Integer> integerProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Integer>() {
+        @Override
+        public Integer getValue() {
+          return data.getInt();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Long> longProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Long>() {
+        @Override
+        public Long getValue() {
+          return data.getLong();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<String> stringProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<String>() {
+        @Override
+        public String getValue() {
+          return data.getString();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<ByteString> bytesProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<ByteString>() {
+        @Override
+        public ByteString getValue() {
+          return data.getBytes();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Boolean> booleanProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Boolean>() {
+        @Override
+        public Boolean getValue() {
+          return data.getBool();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Float> floatProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Float>() {
+        @Override
+        public Float getValue() {
+          return data.getFloat();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Double> doubleProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Double>() {
+        @Override
+        public Double getValue() {
+          return data.getDouble();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Proto3Message> messageProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Proto3Message>() {
+        @Override
+        public Proto3Message getValue() {
+          return newMessage();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Proto3Message.TestEnum> enumProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Proto3Message.TestEnum>() {
+        @Override
+        public Proto3Message.TestEnum getValue() {
+          return Proto3Message.TestEnum.forNumber(data.getEnum());
+        }
+      };
+
+  private <V> Map<Integer, V> populateIntegerMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<Integer, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      map.put(data.getInt(), provider.getValue());
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private <V> Map<Long, V> populateLongMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<Long, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      map.put(data.getLong(), provider.getValue());
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private <V> Map<String, V> populateStringMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<String, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      map.put(data.getString(), provider.getValue());
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private <V> Map<Boolean, V> populateBooleanMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<Boolean, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    map.put(false, provider.getValue());
+    map.put(true, provider.getValue());
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  public Proto3MessageWithMaps newMessageWithMaps() {
+    Proto3MessageWithMaps.Builder builder = Proto3MessageWithMaps.newBuilder();
+
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolBool1(populateBooleanMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolBytes2(populateBooleanMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolDouble3(populateBooleanMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolEnum4(populateBooleanMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolFixed325(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolFixed646(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolFloat7(populateBooleanMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolInt328(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolInt649(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolMessage10(populateBooleanMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSfixed3211(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSfixed6412(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSint3213(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSint6414(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolString15(populateBooleanMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolUint3216(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolUint6417(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Bool18(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Bytes19(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Double20(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Enum21(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Fixed3222(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Fixed6423(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Float24(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Int3225(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Int6426(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Message27(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sfixed3228(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sfixed6429(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sint3230(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sint6431(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32String32(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Uint3233(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Uint6434(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Bool35(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Bytes36(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Double37(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Enum38(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Fixed3239(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Fixed6440(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Float41(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Int3242(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Int6443(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Message44(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sfixed3245(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sfixed6446(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sint3247(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sint6448(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64String49(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Uint3250(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Uint6451(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Bool52(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Bytes53(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Double54(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Enum55(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Fixed3256(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Fixed6457(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Float58(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Int3259(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Int6460(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Message61(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sfixed3262(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sfixed6463(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sint3264(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sint6465(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32String66(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Uint3267(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Uint6468(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Bool69(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Bytes70(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Double71(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Enum72(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Fixed3273(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Fixed6474(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Float75(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Int3276(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Int6477(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Message78(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sfixed3279(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sfixed6480(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sint3281(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sint6482(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64String83(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Uint3284(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Uint6485(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Bool86(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Bytes87(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Double88(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Enum89(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Fixed3290(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Fixed6491(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Float92(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Int3293(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Int6494(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Message95(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sfixed3296(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sfixed6497(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sint3298(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sint6499(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32String100(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Uint32101(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Uint64102(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Bool103(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Bytes104(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Double105(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Enum106(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Fixed32107(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Fixed64108(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Float109(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Int32110(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Int64111(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Message112(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sfixed32113(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sfixed64114(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sint32115(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sint64116(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64String117(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Uint32118(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Uint64119(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Bool120(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Bytes121(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Double122(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Enum123(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Fixed32124(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Fixed64125(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Float126(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Int32127(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Int64128(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Message129(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sfixed32130(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sfixed64131(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sint32132(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sint64133(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32String134(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Uint32135(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Uint64136(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Bool137(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Bytes138(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Double139(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Enum140(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Fixed32141(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Fixed64142(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Float143(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Int32144(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Int64145(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Message146(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sfixed32147(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sfixed64148(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sint32149(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sint64150(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64String151(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Uint32152(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Uint64153(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringBool154(populateStringMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringBytes155(populateStringMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringDouble156(populateStringMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringEnum157(populateStringMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringFixed32158(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringFixed64159(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringFloat160(populateStringMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringInt32161(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringInt64162(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringMessage163(populateStringMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSfixed32164(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSfixed64165(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSint32166(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSint64167(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringString168(populateStringMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringUint32169(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringUint64170(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Bool171(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Bytes172(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Double173(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Enum174(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Fixed32175(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Fixed64176(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Float177(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Int32178(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Int64179(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Message180(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sfixed32181(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sfixed64182(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sint32183(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sint64184(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32String185(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Uint32186(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Uint64187(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Bool188(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Bytes189(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Double190(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Enum191(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Fixed32192(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Fixed64193(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Float194(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Int32195(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Int64196(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Message197(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sfixed32198(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sfixed64199(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sint32200(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sint64201(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64String202(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Uint32203(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Uint64204(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageInfoFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageInfoFactory.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..364071b35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageInfoFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forMapField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forOneofMemberField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forRepeatedMessageField;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2MessageWithMaps;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3Testing.Proto3Empty;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3Testing.Proto3Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3Testing.Proto3MessageWithMaps;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+
+/** A factory that generates a hard-coded info for {@link Proto3Message}. */
+public final class Proto3MessageInfoFactory implements MessageInfoFactory {
+  private static final Proto3MessageInfoFactory INSTANCE = new Proto3MessageInfoFactory();
+
+  private Proto3MessageInfoFactory() {}
+
+  public static Proto3MessageInfoFactory getInstance() {
+    return INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isSupported(Class<?> clazz) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageInfo messageInfoFor(Class<?> clazz) {
+    if (Proto3Message.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForProto3Message();
+    } else if (Proto3Empty.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForProto3Empty();
+    } else if (Proto3MessageWithMaps.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForProto3MessageWithMaps();
+    } else {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported class: " + clazz.getName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new hard-coded info for {@link Proto3Message}. Each time this is called, we manually
+   * go through the entire process of what a message would do if it self-registered its own info,
+   * including looking up each field by name. This is done for benchmarking purposes, so that we get
+   * a more accurate representation of the time it takes to perform this process.
+   */
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto3Message() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(48);
+    lookupFieldsByName(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static void lookupFieldsByName(StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder) {
+    builder.withDefaultInstance(Proto3Message.getDefaultInstance());
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO3);
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldDouble1_"), 1, FieldType.DOUBLE, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldFloat2_"), 2, FieldType.FLOAT, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldInt643_"), 3, FieldType.INT64, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldUint644_"), 4, FieldType.UINT64, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldInt325_"), 5, FieldType.INT32, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldFixed646_"), 6, FieldType.FIXED64, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldFixed327_"), 7, FieldType.FIXED32, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldBool8_"), 8, FieldType.BOOL, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldString9_"), 9, FieldType.STRING, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldMessage10_"), 10, FieldType.MESSAGE, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldBytes11_"), 11, FieldType.BYTES, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldUint3212_"), 12, FieldType.UINT32, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldEnum13_"), 13, FieldType.ENUM, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldSfixed3214_"), 14, FieldType.SFIXED32, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldSfixed6415_"), 15, FieldType.SFIXED64, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldSint3216_"), 16, FieldType.SINT32, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldSint6417_"), 17, FieldType.SINT64, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldDoubleList18_"), 18, FieldType.DOUBLE_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldFloatList19_"), 19, FieldType.FLOAT_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldInt64List20_"), 20, FieldType.INT64_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldUint64List21_"), 21, FieldType.UINT64_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldInt32List22_"), 22, FieldType.INT32_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldFixed64List23_"), 23, FieldType.FIXED64_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldFixed32List24_"), 24, FieldType.FIXED32_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldBoolList25_"), 25, FieldType.BOOL_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldStringList26_"), 26, FieldType.STRING_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forRepeatedMessageField(
+            field("fieldMessageList27_"), 27, FieldType.MESSAGE_LIST, Proto3Message.class));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldBytesList28_"), 28, FieldType.BYTES_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldUint32List29_"), 29, FieldType.UINT32_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldEnumList30_"), 30, FieldType.ENUM_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldSfixed32List31_"), 31, FieldType.SFIXED32_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldSfixed64List32_"), 32, FieldType.SFIXED64_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldSint32List33_"), 33, FieldType.SINT32_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldSint64List34_"), 34, FieldType.SINT64_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldDoubleListPacked35_"), 35, FieldType.DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldFloatListPacked36_"), 36, FieldType.FLOAT_LIST_PACKED, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldInt64ListPacked37_"), 37, FieldType.INT64_LIST_PACKED, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldUint64ListPacked38_"), 38, FieldType.UINT64_LIST_PACKED, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldInt32ListPacked39_"), 39, FieldType.INT32_LIST_PACKED, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldFixed64ListPacked40_"), 40, FieldType.FIXED64_LIST_PACKED, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldFixed32ListPacked41_"), 41, FieldType.FIXED32_LIST_PACKED, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldBoolListPacked42_"), 42, FieldType.BOOL_LIST_PACKED, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldUint32ListPacked43_"), 43, FieldType.UINT32_LIST_PACKED, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldEnumListPacked44_"), 44, FieldType.ENUM_LIST_PACKED, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldSfixed32ListPacked45_"), 45, FieldType.SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldSfixed64ListPacked46_"), 46, FieldType.SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldSint32ListPacked47_"), 47, FieldType.SINT32_LIST_PACKED, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field("fieldSint64ListPacked48_"), 48, FieldType.SINT64_LIST_PACKED, true));
+
+    OneofInfo oneof = new OneofInfo(0, field("testOneofCase_"), field("testOneof_"));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(53, FieldType.DOUBLE, oneof, Double.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(54, FieldType.FLOAT, oneof, Float.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(55, FieldType.INT64, oneof, Long.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(56, FieldType.UINT64, oneof, Long.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(57, FieldType.INT32, oneof, Integer.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(58, FieldType.FIXED64, oneof, Long.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(59, FieldType.FIXED32, oneof, Integer.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(60, FieldType.BOOL, oneof, Boolean.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(61, FieldType.STRING, oneof, String.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(62, FieldType.MESSAGE, oneof, Proto3Message.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(63, FieldType.BYTES, oneof, ByteString.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(64, FieldType.UINT32, oneof, Integer.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(65, FieldType.SFIXED32, oneof, Integer.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(66, FieldType.SFIXED64, oneof, Long.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(67, FieldType.SINT32, oneof, Integer.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(68, FieldType.SINT64, oneof, Long.class, true, null));
+  }
+
+  private StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto3Empty() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO3);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto3MessageWithMaps() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder();
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO3);
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_bool_1", 1));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_bytes_2", 2));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_double_3", 3));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_enum_4", 4));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_fixed32_5", 5));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_fixed64_6", 6));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_float_7", 7));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_int32_8", 8));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_int64_9", 9));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_message_10", 10));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sfixed32_11", 11));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sfixed64_12", 12));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sint32_13", 13));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sint64_14", 14));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_string_15", 15));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_uint32_16", 16));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_uint64_17", 17));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_bool_18", 18));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_bytes_19", 19));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_double_20", 20));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_enum_21", 21));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_fixed32_22", 22));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_fixed64_23", 23));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_float_24", 24));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_int32_25", 25));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_int64_26", 26));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_message_27", 27));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sfixed32_28", 28));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sfixed64_29", 29));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sint32_30", 30));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sint64_31", 31));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_string_32", 32));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_uint32_33", 33));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_uint64_34", 34));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_bool_35", 35));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_bytes_36", 36));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_double_37", 37));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_enum_38", 38));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_fixed32_39", 39));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_fixed64_40", 40));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_float_41", 41));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_int32_42", 42));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_int64_43", 43));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_message_44", 44));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sfixed32_45", 45));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sfixed64_46", 46));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sint32_47", 47));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sint64_48", 48));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_string_49", 49));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_uint32_50", 50));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_uint64_51", 51));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_bool_52", 52));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_bytes_53", 53));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_double_54", 54));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_enum_55", 55));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_fixed32_56", 56));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_fixed64_57", 57));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_float_58", 58));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_int32_59", 59));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_int64_60", 60));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_message_61", 61));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sfixed32_62", 62));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sfixed64_63", 63));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sint32_64", 64));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sint64_65", 65));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_string_66", 66));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_uint32_67", 67));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_uint64_68", 68));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_bool_69", 69));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_bytes_70", 70));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_double_71", 71));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_enum_72", 72));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_fixed32_73", 73));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_fixed64_74", 74));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_float_75", 75));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_int32_76", 76));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_int64_77", 77));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_message_78", 78));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sfixed32_79", 79));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sfixed64_80", 80));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sint32_81", 81));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sint64_82", 82));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_string_83", 83));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_uint32_84", 84));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_uint64_85", 85));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_bool_86", 86));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_bytes_87", 87));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_double_88", 88));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_enum_89", 89));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_fixed32_90", 90));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_fixed64_91", 91));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_float_92", 92));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_int32_93", 93));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_int64_94", 94));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_message_95", 95));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sfixed32_96", 96));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sfixed64_97", 97));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sint32_98", 98));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sint64_99", 99));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_string_100", 100));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_uint32_101", 101));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_uint64_102", 102));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_bool_103", 103));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_bytes_104", 104));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_double_105", 105));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_enum_106", 106));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_fixed32_107", 107));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_fixed64_108", 108));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_float_109", 109));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_int32_110", 110));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_int64_111", 111));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_message_112", 112));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sfixed32_113", 113));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sfixed64_114", 114));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sint32_115", 115));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sint64_116", 116));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_string_117", 117));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_uint32_118", 118));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_uint64_119", 119));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_bool_120", 120));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_bytes_121", 121));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_double_122", 122));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_enum_123", 123));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_fixed32_124", 124));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_fixed64_125", 125));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_float_126", 126));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_int32_127", 127));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_int64_128", 128));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_message_129", 129));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sfixed32_130", 130));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sfixed64_131", 131));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sint32_132", 132));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sint64_133", 133));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_string_134", 134));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_uint32_135", 135));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_uint64_136", 136));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_bool_137", 137));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_bytes_138", 138));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_double_139", 139));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_enum_140", 140));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_fixed32_141", 141));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_fixed64_142", 142));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_float_143", 143));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_int32_144", 144));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_int64_145", 145));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_message_146", 146));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sfixed32_147", 147));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sfixed64_148", 148));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sint32_149", 149));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sint64_150", 150));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_string_151", 151));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_uint32_152", 152));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_uint64_153", 153));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_bool_154", 154));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_bytes_155", 155));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_double_156", 156));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_enum_157", 157));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_fixed32_158", 158));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_fixed64_159", 159));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_float_160", 160));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_int32_161", 161));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_int64_162", 162));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_message_163", 163));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sfixed32_164", 164));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sfixed64_165", 165));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sint32_166", 166));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sint64_167", 167));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_string_168", 168));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_uint32_169", 169));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_uint64_170", 170));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_bool_171", 171));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_bytes_172", 172));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_double_173", 173));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_enum_174", 174));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_fixed32_175", 175));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_fixed64_176", 176));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_float_177", 177));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_int32_178", 178));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_int64_179", 179));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_message_180", 180));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sfixed32_181", 181));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sfixed64_182", 182));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sint32_183", 183));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sint64_184", 184));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_string_185", 185));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_uint32_186", 186));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_uint64_187", 187));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_bool_188", 188));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_bytes_189", 189));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_double_190", 190));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_enum_191", 191));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_fixed32_192", 192));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_fixed64_193", 193));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_float_194", 194));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_int32_195", 195));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_int64_196", 196));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_message_197", 197));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sfixed32_198", 198));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sfixed64_199", 199));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sint32_200", 200));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sint64_201", 201));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_string_202", 202));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_uint32_203", 203));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_uint64_204", 204));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static Field field(String name) {
+    return field(Proto3Message.class, name);
+  }
+
+  private static Field field(Class<?> clazz, String name) {
+    try {
+      return clazz.getDeclaredField(name);
+    } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static FieldInfo mapFieldInfo(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName, int fieldNumber) {
+    try {
+      return forMapField(
+          field(clazz, SchemaUtil.toCamelCase(fieldName, false) + "_"),
+          fieldNumber,
+          SchemaUtil.getMapDefaultEntry(clazz, fieldName),
+          null);
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageLiteFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageLiteFactory.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2f6947da4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageLiteFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3TestingLite.Proto3MessageLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3TestingLite.Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/** Creates instances of {@link Proto3MessageLite} based on the tree configuration. */
+public final class Proto3MessageLiteFactory
+    implements ExperimentalMessageFactory<Proto3MessageLite> {
+  private final int numRepeatedFields;
+  private final int branchingFactor;
+  private final Proto3MessageLiteFactory nextLevel;
+  private final ExperimentalTestDataProvider data;
+
+  public Proto3MessageLiteFactory(
+      int numRepeatedFields, int stringLength, int branchingFactor, int treeDepth) {
+    this(
+        new ExperimentalTestDataProvider(stringLength),
+        numRepeatedFields,
+        branchingFactor,
+        treeDepth);
+  }
+
+  private Proto3MessageLiteFactory(
+      ExperimentalTestDataProvider data,
+      int numRepeatedFields,
+      int branchingFactor,
+      int treeDepth) {
+    this.numRepeatedFields = numRepeatedFields;
+    this.branchingFactor = branchingFactor;
+    this.data = data;
+    if (treeDepth > 0) {
+      nextLevel =
+          new Proto3MessageLiteFactory(data, numRepeatedFields, branchingFactor, treeDepth - 1);
+    } else {
+      nextLevel = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ExperimentalTestDataProvider dataProvider() {
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Proto3MessageLite newMessage() {
+    Proto3MessageLite.Builder builder = Proto3MessageLite.newBuilder();
+    builder.setFieldDouble1(data.getDouble());
+    builder.setFieldFloat2(data.getFloat());
+    builder.setFieldInt643(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldUint644(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldInt325(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldFixed646(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldFixed327(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldBool8(data.getBool());
+    builder.setFieldString9(data.getString());
+    // We don't populate the message field. Instead we apply the branching factor to the
+    // repeated message field below.
+    builder.setFieldBytes11(data.getBytes());
+    builder.setFieldUint3212(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldEnum13Value(data.getEnum());
+    builder.setFieldSfixed3214(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldSfixed6415(data.getLong());
+    builder.setFieldSint3216(data.getInt());
+    builder.setFieldSint6417(data.getLong());
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      builder.addFieldDoubleList18(data.getDouble());
+      builder.addFieldFloatList19(data.getFloat());
+      builder.addFieldInt64List20(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldUint64List21(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldInt32List22(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldFixed64List23(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldFixed32List24(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldBoolList25(data.getBool());
+      builder.addFieldStringList26(data.getString());
+      // Repeated message field is controlled by the branching factor below.
+      builder.addFieldBytesList28(data.getBytes());
+      builder.addFieldUint32List29(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldEnumList30Value(data.getEnum());
+      builder.addFieldSfixed32List31(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSfixed64List32(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldSint32List33(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSint64List34(data.getLong());
+
+      builder.addFieldDoubleListPacked35(data.getDouble());
+      builder.addFieldFloatListPacked36(data.getFloat());
+      builder.addFieldInt64ListPacked37(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldUint64ListPacked38(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldInt32ListPacked39(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldFixed64ListPacked40(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldFixed32ListPacked41(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldBoolListPacked42(data.getBool());
+      builder.addFieldUint32ListPacked43(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldEnumListPacked44Value(data.getEnum());
+      builder.addFieldSfixed32ListPacked45(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSfixed64ListPacked46(data.getLong());
+      builder.addFieldSint32ListPacked47(data.getInt());
+      builder.addFieldSint64ListPacked48(data.getLong());
+    }
+
+    // Handle the branching factor.
+    if (nextLevel != null) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < branchingFactor; ++i) {
+        builder.addFieldMessageList27(nextLevel.newMessage());
+      }
+    }
+
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private interface MapValueProvider<T> {
+    public T getValue();
+  }
+
+  private final MapValueProvider<Integer> integerProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Integer>() {
+        @Override
+        public Integer getValue() {
+          return data.getInt();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Long> longProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Long>() {
+        @Override
+        public Long getValue() {
+          return data.getLong();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<String> stringProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<String>() {
+        @Override
+        public String getValue() {
+          return data.getString();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<ByteString> bytesProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<ByteString>() {
+        @Override
+        public ByteString getValue() {
+          return data.getBytes();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Boolean> booleanProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Boolean>() {
+        @Override
+        public Boolean getValue() {
+          return data.getBool();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Float> floatProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Float>() {
+        @Override
+        public Float getValue() {
+          return data.getFloat();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Double> doubleProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Double>() {
+        @Override
+        public Double getValue() {
+          return data.getDouble();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Proto3MessageLite> messageProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Proto3MessageLite>() {
+        @Override
+        public Proto3MessageLite getValue() {
+          return newMessage();
+        }
+      };
+  private final MapValueProvider<Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum> enumProvider =
+      new MapValueProvider<Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum>() {
+        @Override
+        public Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum getValue() {
+          return Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum.forNumber(data.getEnum());
+        }
+      };
+
+  private <V> Map<Integer, V> populateIntegerMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<Integer, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      map.put(data.getInt(), provider.getValue());
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private <V> Map<Long, V> populateLongMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<Long, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      map.put(data.getLong(), provider.getValue());
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private <V> Map<String, V> populateStringMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<String, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numRepeatedFields; ++i) {
+      map.put(data.getString(), provider.getValue());
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  private <V> Map<Boolean, V> populateBooleanMap(MapValueProvider<V> provider) {
+    Map<Boolean, V> map = new HashMap<>();
+    map.put(false, provider.getValue());
+    map.put(true, provider.getValue());
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  public Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps newMessageWithMaps() {
+    Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.Builder builder = Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.newBuilder();
+
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolBool1(populateBooleanMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolBytes2(populateBooleanMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolDouble3(populateBooleanMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolEnum4(populateBooleanMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolFixed325(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolFixed646(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolFloat7(populateBooleanMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolInt328(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolInt649(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolMessage10(populateBooleanMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSfixed3211(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSfixed6412(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSint3213(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolSint6414(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolString15(populateBooleanMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolUint3216(populateBooleanMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapBoolUint6417(populateBooleanMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Bool18(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Bytes19(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Double20(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Enum21(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Fixed3222(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Fixed6423(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Float24(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Int3225(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Int6426(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Message27(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sfixed3228(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sfixed6429(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sint3230(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Sint6431(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32String32(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Uint3233(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed32Uint6434(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Bool35(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Bytes36(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Double37(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Enum38(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Fixed3239(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Fixed6440(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Float41(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Int3242(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Int6443(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Message44(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sfixed3245(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sfixed6446(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sint3247(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Sint6448(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64String49(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Uint3250(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapFixed64Uint6451(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Bool52(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Bytes53(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Double54(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Enum55(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Fixed3256(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Fixed6457(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Float58(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Int3259(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Int6460(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Message61(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sfixed3262(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sfixed6463(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sint3264(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Sint6465(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32String66(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Uint3267(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt32Uint6468(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Bool69(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Bytes70(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Double71(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Enum72(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Fixed3273(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Fixed6474(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Float75(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Int3276(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Int6477(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Message78(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sfixed3279(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sfixed6480(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sint3281(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Sint6482(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64String83(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Uint3284(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapInt64Uint6485(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Bool86(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Bytes87(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Double88(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Enum89(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Fixed3290(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Fixed6491(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Float92(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Int3293(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Int6494(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Message95(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sfixed3296(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sfixed6497(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sint3298(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Sint6499(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32String100(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Uint32101(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed32Uint64102(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Bool103(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Bytes104(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Double105(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Enum106(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Fixed32107(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Fixed64108(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Float109(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Int32110(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Int64111(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Message112(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sfixed32113(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sfixed64114(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sint32115(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Sint64116(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64String117(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Uint32118(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSfixed64Uint64119(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Bool120(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Bytes121(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Double122(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Enum123(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Fixed32124(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Fixed64125(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Float126(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Int32127(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Int64128(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Message129(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sfixed32130(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sfixed64131(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sint32132(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Sint64133(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32String134(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Uint32135(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint32Uint64136(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Bool137(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Bytes138(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Double139(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Enum140(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Fixed32141(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Fixed64142(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Float143(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Int32144(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Int64145(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Message146(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sfixed32147(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sfixed64148(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sint32149(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Sint64150(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64String151(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Uint32152(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapSint64Uint64153(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringBool154(populateStringMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringBytes155(populateStringMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringDouble156(populateStringMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringEnum157(populateStringMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringFixed32158(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringFixed64159(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringFloat160(populateStringMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringInt32161(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringInt64162(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringMessage163(populateStringMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSfixed32164(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSfixed64165(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSint32166(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringSint64167(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringString168(populateStringMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringUint32169(populateStringMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapStringUint64170(populateStringMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Bool171(populateIntegerMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Bytes172(populateIntegerMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Double173(populateIntegerMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Enum174(populateIntegerMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Fixed32175(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Fixed64176(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Float177(populateIntegerMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Int32178(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Int64179(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Message180(populateIntegerMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sfixed32181(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sfixed64182(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sint32183(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Sint64184(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32String185(populateIntegerMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Uint32186(populateIntegerMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint32Uint64187(populateIntegerMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Bool188(populateLongMap(booleanProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Bytes189(populateLongMap(bytesProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Double190(populateLongMap(doubleProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Enum191(populateLongMap(enumProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Fixed32192(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Fixed64193(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Float194(populateLongMap(floatProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Int32195(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Int64196(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Message197(populateLongMap(messageProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sfixed32198(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sfixed64199(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sint32200(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Sint64201(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64String202(populateLongMap(stringProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Uint32203(populateLongMap(integerProvider));
+    builder.putAllFieldMapUint64Uint64204(populateLongMap(longProvider));
+
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageLiteInfoFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageLiteInfoFactory.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..66e406af7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3MessageLiteInfoFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,816 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forMapField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forOneofMemberField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forRepeatedMessageField;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3TestingLite.Proto3EmptyLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3TestingLite.Proto3MessageLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3TestingLite.Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+
+/** A factory that generates a hard-coded info for {@link Proto3MessageLite}. */
+public final class Proto3MessageLiteInfoFactory implements MessageInfoFactory {
+  private static final Proto3MessageLiteInfoFactory instanceForRawMessageInfo =
+      new Proto3MessageLiteInfoFactory(true);
+  private static final Proto3MessageLiteInfoFactory instanceForStructuralMessageInfo =
+      new Proto3MessageLiteInfoFactory(false);
+
+  public static Proto3MessageLiteInfoFactory getInstanceForRawMessageInfo() {
+    return instanceForRawMessageInfo;
+  }
+
+  public static Proto3MessageLiteInfoFactory getInstanceForStructuralMessageInfo() {
+    return instanceForStructuralMessageInfo;
+  }
+
+  private final boolean produceRawMessageInfo;
+
+  private Proto3MessageLiteInfoFactory(boolean produceRawMessageInfo) {
+    this.produceRawMessageInfo = produceRawMessageInfo;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isSupported(Class<?> clazz) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageInfo messageInfoFor(Class<?> clazz) {
+    return produceRawMessageInfo ? rawMessageInfoFor(clazz) : structuralMessageInfoFor(clazz);
+  }
+
+  private MessageInfo rawMessageInfoFor(Class<?> clazz) {
+    if (Proto3MessageLite.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newRawMessageInfoForProto3MessageLite();
+    } else {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported class: " + clazz.getName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private MessageInfo newRawMessageInfoForProto3MessageLite() {
+    java.lang.Object[] objects =
+        new java.lang.Object[] {
+          "testOneof_",
+          "testOneofCase_",
+          "fieldDouble1_",
+          "fieldFloat2_",
+          "fieldInt643_",
+          "fieldUint644_",
+          "fieldInt325_",
+          "fieldFixed646_",
+          "fieldFixed327_",
+          "fieldBool8_",
+          "fieldString9_",
+          "fieldMessage10_",
+          "fieldBytes11_",
+          "fieldUint3212_",
+          "fieldEnum13_",
+          "fieldSfixed3214_",
+          "fieldSfixed6415_",
+          "fieldSint3216_",
+          "fieldSint6417_",
+          "fieldDoubleList18_",
+          "fieldFloatList19_",
+          "fieldInt64List20_",
+          "fieldUint64List21_",
+          "fieldInt32List22_",
+          "fieldFixed64List23_",
+          "fieldFixed32List24_",
+          "fieldBoolList25_",
+          "fieldStringList26_",
+          "fieldMessageList27_",
+          Proto3MessageLite.class,
+          "fieldBytesList28_",
+          "fieldUint32List29_",
+          "fieldEnumList30_",
+          "fieldSfixed32List31_",
+          "fieldSfixed64List32_",
+          "fieldSint32List33_",
+          "fieldSint64List34_",
+          "fieldDoubleListPacked35_",
+          "fieldFloatListPacked36_",
+          "fieldInt64ListPacked37_",
+          "fieldUint64ListPacked38_",
+          "fieldInt32ListPacked39_",
+          "fieldFixed64ListPacked40_",
+          "fieldFixed32ListPacked41_",
+          "fieldBoolListPacked42_",
+          "fieldUint32ListPacked43_",
+          "fieldEnumListPacked44_",
+          "fieldSfixed32ListPacked45_",
+          "fieldSfixed64ListPacked46_",
+          "fieldSint32ListPacked47_",
+          "fieldSint64ListPacked48_",
+          Proto3MessageLite.class,
+        };
+    // To update this after a proto change, run protoc on proto3_message_lite.proto and copy over
+    // the content of the generated buildMessageInfo() method here.
+    java.lang.String info =
+        "\u0000@\u0001\u0000\u0001D@\u0000\u001f\u0000\u0001\u0000\u0002\u0001\u0003\u0002"
+            + "\u0004\u0003\u0005\u0004\u0006\u0005\u0007\u0006\b\u0007\t\u0208\n\t\u000b\n\f\u000b"
+            + "\r\f\u000e\r\u000f\u000e\u0010\u000f\u0011\u0010\u0012\u0012\u0013\u0013\u0014\u0014"
+            + "\u0015\u0015\u0016\u0016\u0017\u0017\u0018\u0018\u0019\u0019\u001a\u021a\u001b\u001b"
+            + "\u001c\u001c\u001d\u001d\u001e\u001e\u001f\u001f  !!\"\"##$$%%&&\'\'(())**++,,--"
+            + "..//0053\u000064\u000075\u000086\u000097\u0000:8\u0000;9\u0000<:\u0000=\u023b\u0000"
+            + "><\u0000?=\u0000@>\u0000A@\u0000BA\u0000CB\u0000DC\u0000";
+    return new RawMessageInfo(Proto3MessageLite.getDefaultInstance(), info, objects);
+  }
+
+  private MessageInfo structuralMessageInfoFor(Class<?> clazz) {
+    if (Proto3MessageLite.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForProto3MessageLite();
+    } else if (Proto3EmptyLite.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForProto3EmptyLite();
+    } else if (Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForProto3MessageLiteWithMaps();
+    } else {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported class: " + clazz.getName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new hard-coded info for {@link Proto3MessageLite}. Each time this is called, we
+   * manually go through the entire process of what a message would do if it self-registered its own
+   * info, including looking up each field by name. This is done for benchmarking purposes, so that
+   * we get a more accurate representation of the time it takes to perform this process.
+   */
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto3MessageLite() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(48);
+    lookupFieldsByName(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static void lookupFieldsByName(StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder) {
+    builder.withDefaultInstance(Proto3MessageLite.getDefaultInstance());
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO3);
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldDouble1_"), 1, FieldType.DOUBLE, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldFloat2_"), 2, FieldType.FLOAT, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldInt643_"), 3, FieldType.INT64, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldUint644_"), 4, FieldType.UINT64, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldInt325_"), 5, FieldType.INT32, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldFixed646_"), 6, FieldType.FIXED64, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldFixed327_"), 7, FieldType.FIXED32, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldBool8_"), 8, FieldType.BOOL, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldString9_"), 9, FieldType.STRING, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldMessage10_"), 10, FieldType.MESSAGE, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldBytes11_"), 11, FieldType.BYTES, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldUint3212_"), 12, FieldType.UINT32, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldEnum13_"), 13, FieldType.ENUM, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldSfixed3214_"), 14, FieldType.SFIXED32, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldSfixed6415_"), 15, FieldType.SFIXED64, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldSint3216_"), 16, FieldType.SINT32, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldSint6417_"), 17, FieldType.SINT64, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldDoubleList18_"), 18, FieldType.DOUBLE_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldFloatList19_"), 19, FieldType.FLOAT_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldInt64List20_"), 20, FieldType.INT64_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldUint64List21_"), 21, FieldType.UINT64_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldInt32List22_"), 22, FieldType.INT32_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldFixed64List23_"),
+            23,
+            FieldType.FIXED64_LIST,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldFixed32List24_"),
+            24,
+            FieldType.FIXED32_LIST,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldBoolList25_"), 25, FieldType.BOOL_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldStringList26_"), 26, FieldType.STRING_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forRepeatedMessageField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldMessageList27_"),
+            27,
+            FieldType.MESSAGE_LIST,
+            Proto3MessageLite.class));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldBytesList28_"), 28, FieldType.BYTES_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldUint32List29_"), 29, FieldType.UINT32_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldEnumList30_"), 30, FieldType.ENUM_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldSfixed32List31_"),
+            31,
+            FieldType.SFIXED32_LIST,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldSfixed64List32_"),
+            32,
+            FieldType.SFIXED64_LIST,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldSint32List33_"), 33, FieldType.SINT32_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldSint64List34_"), 34, FieldType.SINT64_LIST, true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldDoubleListPacked35_"),
+            35,
+            FieldType.DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldFloatListPacked36_"),
+            36,
+            FieldType.FLOAT_LIST_PACKED,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldInt64ListPacked37_"),
+            37,
+            FieldType.INT64_LIST_PACKED,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldUint64ListPacked38_"),
+            38,
+            FieldType.UINT64_LIST_PACKED,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldInt32ListPacked39_"),
+            39,
+            FieldType.INT32_LIST_PACKED,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldFixed64ListPacked40_"),
+            40,
+            FieldType.FIXED64_LIST_PACKED,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldFixed32ListPacked41_"),
+            41,
+            FieldType.FIXED32_LIST_PACKED,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldBoolListPacked42_"),
+            42,
+            FieldType.BOOL_LIST_PACKED,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldUint32ListPacked43_"),
+            43,
+            FieldType.UINT32_LIST_PACKED,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldEnumListPacked44_"),
+            44,
+            FieldType.ENUM_LIST_PACKED,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldSfixed32ListPacked45_"),
+            45,
+            FieldType.SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldSfixed64ListPacked46_"),
+            46,
+            FieldType.SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldSint32ListPacked47_"),
+            47,
+            FieldType.SINT32_LIST_PACKED,
+            true));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "fieldSint64ListPacked48_"),
+            48,
+            FieldType.SINT64_LIST_PACKED,
+            true));
+
+    OneofInfo oneof =
+        new OneofInfo(
+            0,
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "testOneofCase_"),
+            field(Proto3MessageLite.class, "testOneof_"));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(53, FieldType.DOUBLE, oneof, Double.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(54, FieldType.FLOAT, oneof, Float.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(55, FieldType.INT64, oneof, Long.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(56, FieldType.UINT64, oneof, Long.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(57, FieldType.INT32, oneof, Integer.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(58, FieldType.FIXED64, oneof, Long.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(59, FieldType.FIXED32, oneof, Integer.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(60, FieldType.BOOL, oneof, Boolean.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(61, FieldType.STRING, oneof, String.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(62, FieldType.MESSAGE, oneof, Proto3MessageLite.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(63, FieldType.BYTES, oneof, ByteString.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(64, FieldType.UINT32, oneof, Integer.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(65, FieldType.SFIXED32, oneof, Integer.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(66, FieldType.SFIXED64, oneof, Long.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(67, FieldType.SINT32, oneof, Integer.class, true, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(68, FieldType.SINT64, oneof, Long.class, true, null));
+  }
+
+  private StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto3EmptyLite() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO3);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto3MessageLiteWithMaps() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder();
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_bool_1", 1));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_bytes_2", 2));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_double_3", 3));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_enum_4", 4));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_fixed32_5", 5));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_fixed64_6", 6));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_float_7", 7));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_int32_8", 8));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_int64_9", 9));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_message_10", 10));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sfixed32_11", 11));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sfixed64_12", 12));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sint32_13", 13));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sint64_14", 14));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_string_15", 15));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_uint32_16", 16));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_uint64_17", 17));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_bool_18", 18));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_bytes_19", 19));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_double_20", 20));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_enum_21", 21));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_fixed32_22", 22));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_fixed64_23", 23));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_float_24", 24));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_int32_25", 25));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_int64_26", 26));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_message_27", 27));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sfixed32_28", 28));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sfixed64_29", 29));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sint32_30", 30));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sint64_31", 31));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_string_32", 32));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_uint32_33", 33));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_uint64_34", 34));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_bool_35", 35));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_bytes_36", 36));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_double_37", 37));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_enum_38", 38));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_fixed32_39", 39));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_fixed64_40", 40));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_float_41", 41));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_int32_42", 42));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_int64_43", 43));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_message_44", 44));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sfixed32_45", 45));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sfixed64_46", 46));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sint32_47", 47));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sint64_48", 48));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_string_49", 49));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_uint32_50", 50));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_uint64_51", 51));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_bool_52", 52));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_bytes_53", 53));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_double_54", 54));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_enum_55", 55));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_fixed32_56", 56));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_fixed64_57", 57));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_float_58", 58));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_int32_59", 59));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_int64_60", 60));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_message_61", 61));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sfixed32_62", 62));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sfixed64_63", 63));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sint32_64", 64));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sint64_65", 65));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_string_66", 66));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_uint32_67", 67));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_uint64_68", 68));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_bool_69", 69));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_bytes_70", 70));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_double_71", 71));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_enum_72", 72));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_fixed32_73", 73));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_fixed64_74", 74));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_float_75", 75));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_int32_76", 76));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_int64_77", 77));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_message_78", 78));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sfixed32_79", 79));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sfixed64_80", 80));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sint32_81", 81));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sint64_82", 82));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_string_83", 83));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_uint32_84", 84));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_uint64_85", 85));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_bool_86", 86));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_bytes_87", 87));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_double_88", 88));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_enum_89", 89));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_fixed32_90", 90));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_fixed64_91", 91));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_float_92", 92));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_int32_93", 93));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_int64_94", 94));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_message_95", 95));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sfixed32_96", 96));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sfixed64_97", 97));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sint32_98", 98));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sint64_99", 99));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_string_100", 100));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_uint32_101", 101));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_uint64_102", 102));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_bool_103", 103));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_bytes_104", 104));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_double_105", 105));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_enum_106", 106));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_fixed32_107", 107));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_fixed64_108", 108));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_float_109", 109));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_int32_110", 110));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_int64_111", 111));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_message_112", 112));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sfixed32_113", 113));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sfixed64_114", 114));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sint32_115", 115));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sint64_116", 116));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_string_117", 117));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_uint32_118", 118));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_uint64_119", 119));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_bool_120", 120));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_bytes_121", 121));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_double_122", 122));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_enum_123", 123));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_fixed32_124", 124));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_fixed64_125", 125));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_float_126", 126));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_int32_127", 127));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_int64_128", 128));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_message_129", 129));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sfixed32_130", 130));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sfixed64_131", 131));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sint32_132", 132));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sint64_133", 133));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_string_134", 134));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_uint32_135", 135));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_uint64_136", 136));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_bool_137", 137));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_bytes_138", 138));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_double_139", 139));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_enum_140", 140));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_fixed32_141", 141));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_fixed64_142", 142));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_float_143", 143));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_int32_144", 144));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_int64_145", 145));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_message_146", 146));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sfixed32_147", 147));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sfixed64_148", 148));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sint32_149", 149));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sint64_150", 150));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_string_151", 151));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_uint32_152", 152));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_uint64_153", 153));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_bool_154", 154));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_bytes_155", 155));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_double_156", 156));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_enum_157", 157));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_fixed32_158", 158));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_fixed64_159", 159));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_float_160", 160));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_int32_161", 161));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_int64_162", 162));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_message_163", 163));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sfixed32_164", 164));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sfixed64_165", 165));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sint32_166", 166));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sint64_167", 167));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_string_168", 168));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_uint32_169", 169));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_uint64_170", 170));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_bool_171", 171));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_bytes_172", 172));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_double_173", 173));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_enum_174", 174));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_fixed32_175", 175));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_fixed64_176", 176));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_float_177", 177));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_int32_178", 178));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_int64_179", 179));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_message_180", 180));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sfixed32_181", 181));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sfixed64_182", 182));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sint32_183", 183));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sint64_184", 184));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_string_185", 185));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_uint32_186", 186));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_uint64_187", 187));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_bool_188", 188));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_bytes_189", 189));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_double_190", 190));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_enum_191", 191));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_fixed32_192", 192));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_fixed64_193", 193));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_float_194", 194));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_int32_195", 195));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_int64_196", 196));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_message_197", 197));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sfixed32_198", 198));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sfixed64_199", 199));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sint32_200", 200));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sint64_201", 201));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_string_202", 202));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_uint32_203", 203));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_uint64_204", 204));
+
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static Field field(Class<?> clazz, String name) {
+    try {
+      return clazz.getDeclaredField(name);
+    } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static FieldInfo mapFieldInfo(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName, int fieldNumber) {
+    try {
+      return forMapField(
+          field(clazz, SchemaUtil.toCamelCase(fieldName, false) + "_"),
+          fieldNumber,
+          SchemaUtil.getMapDefaultEntry(clazz, fieldName),
+          null);
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3SchemaTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3SchemaTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5cd145be7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto3SchemaTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3Testing.Proto3Message;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public class Proto3SchemaTest extends AbstractProto3SchemaTest {
+  @Override
+  protected void registerSchemas() {
+    TestSchemas.registerGenericProto3Schemas();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected Schema<Proto3Message> schema() {
+    return TestSchemas.genericProto3Schema;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufArrayListTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufArrayListTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67b2881a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufArrayListTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** Tests for {@link ProtobufArrayList}. */
+public class ProtobufArrayListTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final ProtobufArrayList<Integer> UNARY_LIST = newImmutableProtoArrayList(1);
+  private static final ProtobufArrayList<Integer> TERTIARY_LIST =
+      newImmutableProtoArrayList(1, 2, 3);
+
+  private ProtobufArrayList<Integer> list;
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    list = new ProtobufArrayList<Integer>();
+  }
+
+  public void testEmptyListReturnsSameInstance() {
+    assertSame(ProtobufArrayList.emptyList(), ProtobufArrayList.emptyList());
+  }
+
+  public void testEmptyListIsImmutable() {
+    assertImmutable(ProtobufArrayList.<Integer>emptyList());
+  }
+
+  public void testModificationWithIteration() {
+    list.addAll(asList(1, 2, 3, 4));
+    Iterator<Integer> iterator = list.iterator();
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+    assertEquals(1, (int) list.get(0));
+    assertEquals(1, (int) iterator.next());
+
+    list.remove(0);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    iterator = list.iterator();
+    list.set(0, 1);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    iterator = list.iterator();
+    list.add(0, 0);
+    try {
+      iterator.next();
+      fail();
+    } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMakeImmutable() {
+    list.add(2);
+    list.add(4);
+    list.add(6);
+    list.add(8);
+    list.makeImmutable();
+    assertImmutable(list);
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove() {
+    list.addAll(TERTIARY_LIST);
+    assertEquals(1, (int) list.remove(0));
+    assertEquals(asList(2, 3), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.remove(Integer.valueOf(3)));
+    assertEquals(asList(2), list);
+
+    assertFalse(list.remove(Integer.valueOf(3)));
+    assertEquals(asList(2), list);
+
+    assertEquals(2, (int) list.remove(0));
+    assertEquals(asList(), list);
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(0);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGet() {
+    assertEquals(1, (int) TERTIARY_LIST.get(0));
+    assertEquals(2, (int) TERTIARY_LIST.get(1));
+    assertEquals(3, (int) TERTIARY_LIST.get(2));
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(-1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TERTIARY_LIST.get(3);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSet() {
+    list.add(2);
+    list.add(4);
+
+    assertEquals(2, (int) list.set(0, 3));
+    assertEquals(3, (int) list.get(0));
+
+    assertEquals(4, (int) list.set(1, 0));
+    assertEquals(0, (int) list.get(1));
+
+    try {
+      list.set(-1, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(2, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAdd() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    assertTrue(list.add(2));
+    assertEquals(asList(2), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.add(3));
+    list.add(0, 4);
+    assertEquals(asList(4, 2, 3), list);
+
+    list.add(0, 1);
+    list.add(0, 0);
+    // Force a resize by getting up to 11 elements.
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      list.add(Integer.valueOf(5 + i));
+    }
+    assertEquals(asList(0, 1, 4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10), list);
+
+    try {
+      list.add(-1, 5);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(4, 5);
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAddAll() {
+    assertEquals(0, list.size());
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(Collections.singleton(1)));
+    assertEquals(1, list.size());
+    assertEquals(1, (int) list.get(0));
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(asList(2, 3, 4, 5, 6)));
+    assertEquals(asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), list);
+
+    assertTrue(list.addAll(TERTIARY_LIST));
+    assertEquals(asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3), list);
+
+    assertFalse(list.addAll(Collections.<Integer>emptyList()));
+    assertFalse(list.addAll(IntArrayList.emptyList()));
+  }
+
+  public void testSize() {
+    assertEquals(0, ProtobufArrayList.emptyList().size());
+    assertEquals(1, UNARY_LIST.size());
+    assertEquals(3, TERTIARY_LIST.size());
+
+    list.add(3);
+    list.add(4);
+    list.add(6);
+    list.add(8);
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+
+    list.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+
+    list.add(17);
+    assertEquals(4, list.size());
+  }
+
+  private void assertImmutable(List<Integer> list) {
+    if (list.contains(1)) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Cannot test the immutability of lists that contain 1.");
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.add(0, 1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(Collections.<Integer>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(Collections.singletonList(1));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(new ProtobufArrayList<Integer>());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, Collections.singleton(1));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.addAll(0, Collections.<Integer>emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.clear();
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(1);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(new Object());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(Collections.emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(Collections.singleton(1));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.removeAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(Collections.emptyList());
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(Collections.singleton(1));
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.retainAll(UNARY_LIST);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+
+    try {
+      list.set(0, 0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static ProtobufArrayList<Integer> newImmutableProtoArrayList(int... elements) {
+    ProtobufArrayList<Integer> list = new ProtobufArrayList<Integer>();
+    for (int element : elements) {
+      list.add(element);
+    }
+    list.makeImmutable();
+    return list;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilderV3Test.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilderV3Test.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c42813c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilderV3Test.java
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypesOrBuilder;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link RepeatedFieldBuilderV3}. This tests basic functionality. More extensive testing is
+ * provided via other tests that exercise the builder.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class RepeatedFieldBuilderV3Test extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testBasicUse() {
+    TestUtil.MockBuilderParent mockParent = new TestUtil.MockBuilderParent();
+    RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<TestAllTypes, TestAllTypes.Builder, TestAllTypesOrBuilder> builder =
+        newRepeatedFieldBuilderV3(mockParent);
+    builder.addMessage(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(0).build());
+    builder.addMessage(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1).build());
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getMessage(0).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getMessage(1).getOptionalInt32());
+
+    List<TestAllTypes> list = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(2, list.size());
+    assertEquals(0, list.get(0).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(1, list.get(1).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(list);
+
+    // Make sure it doesn't change.
+    List<TestAllTypes> list2 = builder.build();
+    assertSame(list, list2);
+    assertEquals(0, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testGoingBackAndForth() {
+    TestUtil.MockBuilderParent mockParent = new TestUtil.MockBuilderParent();
+    RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<TestAllTypes, TestAllTypes.Builder, TestAllTypesOrBuilder> builder =
+        newRepeatedFieldBuilderV3(mockParent);
+    builder.addMessage(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(0).build());
+    builder.addMessage(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1).build());
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getMessage(0).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getMessage(1).getOptionalInt32());
+
+    // Convert to list
+    List<TestAllTypes> list = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(2, list.size());
+    assertEquals(0, list.get(0).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(1, list.get(1).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(list);
+
+    // Update 0th item
+    assertEquals(0, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+    builder.getBuilder(0).setOptionalString("foo");
+    assertEquals(1, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+    list = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(2, list.size());
+    assertEquals(0, list.get(0).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals("foo", list.get(0).getOptionalString());
+    assertEquals(1, list.get(1).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertIsUnmodifiable(list);
+    assertEquals(1, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testVariousMethods() {
+    TestUtil.MockBuilderParent mockParent = new TestUtil.MockBuilderParent();
+    RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<TestAllTypes, TestAllTypes.Builder, TestAllTypesOrBuilder> builder =
+        newRepeatedFieldBuilderV3(mockParent);
+    builder.addMessage(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1).build());
+    builder.addMessage(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(2).build());
+    builder.addBuilder(0, TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()).setOptionalInt32(0);
+    builder.addBuilder(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance()).setOptionalInt32(3);
+
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getMessage(0).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getMessage(1).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(2, builder.getMessage(2).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(3, builder.getMessage(3).getOptionalInt32());
+
+    assertEquals(0, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+    List<TestAllTypes> messages = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(4, messages.size());
+    assertSame(messages, builder.build()); // expect same list
+
+    // Remove a message.
+    builder.remove(2);
+    assertEquals(1, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+    assertEquals(3, builder.getCount());
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getMessage(0).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getMessage(1).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(3, builder.getMessage(2).getOptionalInt32());
+
+    // Remove a builder.
+    builder.remove(0);
+    assertEquals(1, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+    assertEquals(2, builder.getCount());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getMessage(0).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(3, builder.getMessage(1).getOptionalInt32());
+
+    // Test clear.
+    builder.clear();
+    assertEquals(1, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getCount());
+    assertTrue(builder.isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  public void testLists() {
+    TestUtil.MockBuilderParent mockParent = new TestUtil.MockBuilderParent();
+    RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<TestAllTypes, TestAllTypes.Builder, TestAllTypesOrBuilder> builder =
+        newRepeatedFieldBuilderV3(mockParent);
+    builder.addMessage(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1).build());
+    builder.addMessage(0, TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(0).build());
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getMessage(0).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getMessage(1).getOptionalInt32());
+
+    // Use list of builders.
+    List<TestAllTypes.Builder> builders = builder.getBuilderList();
+    assertEquals(0, builders.get(0).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(1, builders.get(1).getOptionalInt32());
+    builders.get(0).setOptionalInt32(10);
+    builders.get(1).setOptionalInt32(11);
+
+    // Use list of protos
+    List<TestAllTypes> protos = builder.getMessageList();
+    assertEquals(10, protos.get(0).getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(11, protos.get(1).getOptionalInt32());
+
+    // Add an item to the builders and verify it's updated in both
+    builder.addMessage(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(12).build());
+    assertEquals(3, builders.size());
+    assertEquals(3, protos.size());
+  }
+
+  private void assertIsUnmodifiable(List<?> list) {
+    if (list == Collections.emptyList()) {
+      // OKAY -- Need to check this b/c EmptyList allows you to call clear.
+    } else {
+      try {
+        list.clear();
+        fail("List wasn't immutable");
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // good
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<TestAllTypes, TestAllTypes.Builder, TestAllTypesOrBuilder>
+      newRepeatedFieldBuilderV3(GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+    return new RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<TestAllTypes, TestAllTypes.Builder, TestAllTypesOrBuilder>(
+        Collections.<TestAllTypes>emptyList(), false, parent, false);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteStringSubstringTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteStringSubstringTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7262161d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteStringSubstringTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+/**
+ * This class tests {@link RopeByteString#substring(int, int)} by inheriting the tests from {@link
+ * LiteralByteStringTest}. Only a couple of methods are overridden.
+ *
+ * @author carlanton@google.com (Carl Haverl)
+ */
+public class RopeByteStringSubstringTest extends LiteralByteStringTest {
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    classUnderTest = "RopeByteString";
+    byte[] sourceBytes = ByteStringTest.getTestBytes(22341, 22337766L);
+    Iterator<ByteString> iter = ByteStringTest.makeConcretePieces(sourceBytes).iterator();
+    ByteString sourceString = iter.next();
+    while (iter.hasNext()) {
+      sourceString = sourceString.concat(iter.next());
+    }
+
+    int from = 1130;
+    int to = sourceBytes.length - 5555;
+    stringUnderTest = sourceString.substring(from, to);
+    referenceBytes = new byte[to - from];
+    System.arraycopy(sourceBytes, from, referenceBytes, 0, to - from);
+    expectedHashCode = -1259260680;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void testGetTreeDepth() {
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " must have the expected tree depth", 3, stringUnderTest.getTreeDepth());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void testToString() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    String sourceString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    ByteString sourceByteString = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(sourceString);
+    int copies = 250;
+
+    // By building the RopeByteString by concatenating, this is actually a fairly strenuous test.
+    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(copies * sourceString.length());
+    ByteString unicode = ByteString.EMPTY;
+    for (int i = 0; i < copies; ++i) {
+      builder.append(sourceString);
+      unicode = RopeByteString.concatenate(unicode, sourceByteString);
+    }
+    String testString = builder.toString();
+
+    // Do the substring part
+    testString = testString.substring(2, testString.length() - 6);
+    unicode = unicode.substring(2, unicode.size() - 6);
+
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " from string must have the expected type",
+        classUnderTest,
+        getActualClassName(unicode));
+    String roundTripString = unicode.toString(UTF_8);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " unicode bytes must match", testString, roundTripString);
+    ByteString flatString = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(testString);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " string must equal the flat string", flatString, unicode);
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " string must must have same hashCode as the flat string",
+        flatString.hashCode(),
+        unicode.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void testCharsetToString() {
+    String sourceString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    ByteString sourceByteString = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(sourceString);
+    int copies = 250;
+
+    // By building the RopeByteString by concatenating, this is actually a fairly strenuous test.
+    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(copies * sourceString.length());
+    ByteString unicode = ByteString.EMPTY;
+    for (int i = 0; i < copies; ++i) {
+      builder.append(sourceString);
+      unicode = RopeByteString.concatenate(unicode, sourceByteString);
+    }
+    String testString = builder.toString();
+
+    // Do the substring part
+    testString = testString.substring(2, testString.length() - 6);
+    unicode = unicode.substring(2, unicode.size() - 6);
+
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " from string must have the expected type",
+        classUnderTest,
+        getActualClassName(unicode));
+    String roundTripString = unicode.toString(Internal.UTF_8);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " unicode bytes must match", testString, roundTripString);
+    ByteString flatString = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(testString);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " string must equal the flat string", flatString, unicode);
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " string must must have same hashCode as the flat string",
+        flatString.hashCode(),
+        unicode.hashCode());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteStringTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteStringTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46c2d8678
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteStringTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+/**
+ * This class tests {@link RopeByteString} by inheriting the tests from {@link
+ * LiteralByteStringTest}. Only a couple of methods are overridden.
+ *
+ * <p>A full test of the result of {@link RopeByteString#substring(int, int)} is found in the
+ * separate class {@link RopeByteStringSubstringTest}.
+ *
+ * @author carlanton@google.com (Carl Haverl)
+ */
+public class RopeByteStringTest extends LiteralByteStringTest {
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    classUnderTest = "RopeByteString";
+    referenceBytes = ByteStringTest.getTestBytes(22341, 22337766L);
+    Iterator<ByteString> iter = ByteStringTest.makeConcretePieces(referenceBytes).iterator();
+    stringUnderTest = iter.next();
+    while (iter.hasNext()) {
+      stringUnderTest = stringUnderTest.concat(iter.next());
+    }
+    expectedHashCode = -1214197238;
+  }
+
+  public void testMinLength() {
+    // minLength should match the Fibonacci sequence
+    int a = 1;
+    int b = 1;
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; a > 0; i++) {
+      assertEquals(a, RopeByteString.minLength(i));
+      int c = a + b;
+      a = b;
+      b = c;
+    }
+    assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, RopeByteString.minLength(i));
+    assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, RopeByteString.minLength(i + 1));
+    assertEquals(i + 1, RopeByteString.minLengthByDepth.length);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void testGetTreeDepth() {
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " must have the expected tree depth", 4, stringUnderTest.getTreeDepth());
+  }
+
+  public void testBalance() {
+    int numberOfPieces = 10000;
+    int pieceSize = 64;
+    byte[] testBytes = ByteStringTest.getTestBytes(numberOfPieces * pieceSize, 113377L);
+
+    // Build up a big ByteString from smaller pieces to force a rebalance
+    ByteString concatenated = ByteString.EMPTY;
+    for (int i = 0; i < numberOfPieces; ++i) {
+      concatenated = concatenated.concat(ByteString.copyFrom(testBytes, i * pieceSize, pieceSize));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " from string must have the expected type",
+        classUnderTest,
+        getActualClassName(concatenated));
+    assertTrue(
+        classUnderTest + " underlying bytes must match after balancing",
+        Arrays.equals(testBytes, concatenated.toByteArray()));
+    ByteString testString = ByteString.copyFrom(testBytes);
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " balanced string must equal flat string", testString, concatenated);
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " flat string must equal balanced string", concatenated, testString);
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " balanced string must have same hash code as flat string",
+        testString.hashCode(),
+        concatenated.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void testToString() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    String sourceString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    ByteString sourceByteString = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(sourceString);
+    int copies = 250;
+
+    // By building the RopeByteString by concatenating, this is actually a fairly strenuous test.
+    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(copies * sourceString.length());
+    ByteString unicode = ByteString.EMPTY;
+    for (int i = 0; i < copies; ++i) {
+      builder.append(sourceString);
+      unicode = RopeByteString.concatenate(unicode, sourceByteString);
+    }
+    String testString = builder.toString();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " from string must have the expected type",
+        classUnderTest,
+        getActualClassName(unicode));
+    String roundTripString = unicode.toString(UTF_8);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " unicode bytes must match", testString, roundTripString);
+    ByteString flatString = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(testString);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " string must equal the flat string", flatString, unicode);
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " string must must have same hashCode as the flat string",
+        flatString.hashCode(),
+        unicode.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void testCharsetToString() {
+    String sourceString = "I love unicode \u1234\u5678 characters";
+    ByteString sourceByteString = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(sourceString);
+    int copies = 250;
+
+    // By building the RopeByteString by concatenating, this is actually a fairly strenuous test.
+    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(copies * sourceString.length());
+    ByteString unicode = ByteString.EMPTY;
+    for (int i = 0; i < copies; ++i) {
+      builder.append(sourceString);
+      unicode = RopeByteString.concatenate(unicode, sourceByteString);
+    }
+    String testString = builder.toString();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " from string must have the expected type",
+        classUnderTest,
+        getActualClassName(unicode));
+    String roundTripString = unicode.toString(Internal.UTF_8);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " unicode bytes must match", testString, roundTripString);
+    ByteString flatString = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(testString);
+    assertEquals(classUnderTest + " string must equal the flat string", flatString, unicode);
+    assertEquals(
+        classUnderTest + " string must must have same hashCode as the flat string",
+        flatString.hashCode(),
+        unicode.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void testToString_returnsCanonicalEmptyString() {
+    RopeByteString ropeByteString =
+        RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(ByteString.EMPTY, ByteString.EMPTY);
+    assertSame(
+        classUnderTest + " must be the same string references",
+        ByteString.EMPTY.toString(Internal.UTF_8),
+        ropeByteString.toString(Internal.UTF_8));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void testToString_raisesException() {
+    try {
+      ByteString byteString = RopeByteString.newInstanceForTest(ByteString.EMPTY, ByteString.EMPTY);
+      byteString.toString("invalid");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      ByteString byteString =
+          RopeByteString.concatenate(
+              ByteString.copyFromUtf8("foo"), ByteString.copyFromUtf8("bar"));
+      byteString.toString("invalid");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException expected) {
+      // This is success
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void testJavaSerialization() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
+    oos.writeObject(stringUnderTest);
+    oos.close();
+    byte[] pickled = out.toByteArray();
+    InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(pickled);
+    ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(in);
+    Object o = ois.readObject();
+    assertTrue("Didn't get a ByteString back", o instanceof ByteString);
+    assertEquals("Should get an equal ByteString back", stringUnderTest, o);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ServiceTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ServiceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1592433c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ServiceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.MethodDescriptor;
+import protobuf_unittest.MessageWithNoOuter;
+import protobuf_unittest.ServiceWithNoOuter;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.BarRequest;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.BarResponse;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.FooRequest;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.FooResponse;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestService;
+import protobuf_unittest.no_generic_services_test.UnittestNoGenericServices;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import org.easymock.classextension.EasyMock;
+import org.easymock.IArgumentMatcher;
+import org.easymock.classextension.IMocksControl;
+
+/**
+ * Tests services and stubs.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class ServiceTest extends TestCase {
+  private IMocksControl control;
+  private RpcController mockController;
+
+  private final Descriptors.MethodDescriptor fooDescriptor =
+      TestService.getDescriptor().getMethods().get(0);
+  private final Descriptors.MethodDescriptor barDescriptor =
+      TestService.getDescriptor().getMethods().get(1);
+
+  @Override
+  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    super.setUp();
+    control = EasyMock.createStrictControl();
+    mockController = control.createMock(RpcController.class);
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /** Tests Service.callMethod(). */
+  public void testCallMethod() throws Exception {
+    FooRequest fooRequest = FooRequest.newBuilder().build();
+    BarRequest barRequest = BarRequest.newBuilder().build();
+    MockCallback<Message> fooCallback = new MockCallback<Message>();
+    MockCallback<Message> barCallback = new MockCallback<Message>();
+    TestService mockService = control.createMock(TestService.class);
+
+    mockService.foo(
+        EasyMock.same(mockController),
+        EasyMock.same(fooRequest),
+        this.<FooResponse>wrapsCallback(fooCallback));
+    mockService.bar(
+        EasyMock.same(mockController),
+        EasyMock.same(barRequest),
+        this.<BarResponse>wrapsCallback(barCallback));
+    control.replay();
+
+    mockService.callMethod(
+        fooDescriptor, mockController,
+        fooRequest, fooCallback);
+    mockService.callMethod(
+        barDescriptor, mockController,
+        barRequest, barCallback);
+    control.verify();
+  }
+
+  /** Tests Service.get{Request,Response}Prototype(). */
+  public void testGetPrototype() throws Exception {
+    TestService mockService = control.createMock(TestService.class);
+
+    assertSame(mockService.getRequestPrototype(fooDescriptor), FooRequest.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertSame(mockService.getResponsePrototype(fooDescriptor), FooResponse.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertSame(mockService.getRequestPrototype(barDescriptor), BarRequest.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertSame(mockService.getResponsePrototype(barDescriptor), BarResponse.getDefaultInstance());
+  }
+
+  /** Tests generated stubs. */
+  public void testStub() throws Exception {
+    FooRequest fooRequest = FooRequest.newBuilder().build();
+    BarRequest barRequest = BarRequest.newBuilder().build();
+    MockCallback<FooResponse> fooCallback = new MockCallback<FooResponse>();
+    MockCallback<BarResponse> barCallback = new MockCallback<BarResponse>();
+    RpcChannel mockChannel = control.createMock(RpcChannel.class);
+    TestService stub = TestService.newStub(mockChannel);
+
+    mockChannel.callMethod(
+        EasyMock.same(fooDescriptor),
+        EasyMock.same(mockController),
+        EasyMock.same(fooRequest),
+        EasyMock.same(FooResponse.getDefaultInstance()),
+        this.<Message>wrapsCallback(fooCallback));
+    mockChannel.callMethod(
+        EasyMock.same(barDescriptor),
+        EasyMock.same(mockController),
+        EasyMock.same(barRequest),
+        EasyMock.same(BarResponse.getDefaultInstance()),
+        this.<Message>wrapsCallback(barCallback));
+    control.replay();
+
+    stub.foo(mockController, fooRequest, fooCallback);
+    stub.bar(mockController, barRequest, barCallback);
+    control.verify();
+  }
+
+  /** Tests generated blocking stubs. */
+  public void testBlockingStub() throws Exception {
+    FooRequest fooRequest = FooRequest.newBuilder().build();
+    BarRequest barRequest = BarRequest.newBuilder().build();
+    BlockingRpcChannel mockChannel = control.createMock(BlockingRpcChannel.class);
+    TestService.BlockingInterface stub = TestService.newBlockingStub(mockChannel);
+
+    FooResponse fooResponse = FooResponse.newBuilder().build();
+    BarResponse barResponse = BarResponse.newBuilder().build();
+
+    EasyMock.expect(
+            mockChannel.callBlockingMethod(
+                EasyMock.same(fooDescriptor),
+                EasyMock.same(mockController),
+                EasyMock.same(fooRequest),
+                EasyMock.same(FooResponse.getDefaultInstance())))
+        .andReturn(fooResponse);
+    EasyMock.expect(
+            mockChannel.callBlockingMethod(
+                EasyMock.same(barDescriptor),
+                EasyMock.same(mockController),
+                EasyMock.same(barRequest),
+                EasyMock.same(BarResponse.getDefaultInstance())))
+        .andReturn(barResponse);
+    control.replay();
+
+    assertSame(fooResponse, stub.foo(mockController, fooRequest));
+    assertSame(barResponse, stub.bar(mockController, barRequest));
+    control.verify();
+  }
+
+  public void testNewReflectiveService() {
+    ServiceWithNoOuter.Interface impl = control.createMock(ServiceWithNoOuter.Interface.class);
+    RpcController controller = control.createMock(RpcController.class);
+    Service service = ServiceWithNoOuter.newReflectiveService(impl);
+
+    MethodDescriptor fooMethod = ServiceWithNoOuter.getDescriptor().findMethodByName("Foo");
+    MessageWithNoOuter request = MessageWithNoOuter.getDefaultInstance();
+    RpcCallback<Message> callback =
+        new RpcCallback<Message>() {
+          @Override
+          public void run(Message parameter) {
+            // No reason this should be run.
+            fail();
+          }
+        };
+    RpcCallback<TestAllTypes> specializedCallback = RpcUtil.specializeCallback(callback);
+
+    impl.foo(EasyMock.same(controller), EasyMock.same(request), EasyMock.same(specializedCallback));
+    EasyMock.expectLastCall();
+
+    control.replay();
+
+    service.callMethod(fooMethod, controller, request, callback);
+
+    control.verify();
+  }
+
+  public void testNewReflectiveBlockingService() throws ServiceException {
+    ServiceWithNoOuter.BlockingInterface impl =
+        control.createMock(ServiceWithNoOuter.BlockingInterface.class);
+    RpcController controller = control.createMock(RpcController.class);
+    BlockingService service = ServiceWithNoOuter.newReflectiveBlockingService(impl);
+
+    MethodDescriptor fooMethod = ServiceWithNoOuter.getDescriptor().findMethodByName("Foo");
+    MessageWithNoOuter request = MessageWithNoOuter.getDefaultInstance();
+
+    TestAllTypes expectedResponse = TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance();
+    EasyMock.expect(impl.foo(EasyMock.same(controller), EasyMock.same(request)))
+        .andReturn(expectedResponse);
+
+    control.replay();
+
+    Message response = service.callBlockingMethod(fooMethod, controller, request);
+    assertEquals(expectedResponse, response);
+
+    control.verify();
+  }
+
+  public void testNoGenericServices() throws Exception {
+    // Non-services should be usable.
+    UnittestNoGenericServices.TestMessage message =
+        UnittestNoGenericServices.TestMessage.newBuilder()
+            .setA(123)
+            .setExtension(UnittestNoGenericServices.testExtension, 456)
+            .build();
+    assertEquals(123, message.getA());
+    assertEquals(1, UnittestNoGenericServices.TestEnum.FOO.getNumber());
+
+    // Build a list of the class names nested in UnittestNoGenericServices.
+    String outerName =
+        "protobuf_unittest.no_generic_services_test.UnittestNoGenericServices";
+    Class<?> outerClass = Class.forName(outerName);
+
+    Set<String> innerClassNames = new HashSet<String>();
+    for (Class<?> innerClass : outerClass.getClasses()) {
+      String fullName = innerClass.getName();
+      // Figure out the unqualified name of the inner class.
+      // Note:  Surprisingly, the full name of an inner class will be separated
+      //   from the outer class name by a '$' rather than a '.'.  This is not
+      //   mentioned in the documentation for java.lang.Class.  I don't want to
+      //   make assumptions, so I'm just going to accept any character as the
+      //   separator.
+      assertTrue(fullName.startsWith(outerName));
+
+      if (!Service.class.isAssignableFrom(innerClass)
+          && !Message.class.isAssignableFrom(innerClass)
+          && !ProtocolMessageEnum.class.isAssignableFrom(innerClass)) {
+        // Ignore any classes not generated by the base code generator.
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      innerClassNames.add(fullName.substring(outerName.length() + 1));
+    }
+
+    // No service class should have been generated.
+    assertTrue(innerClassNames.contains("TestMessage"));
+    assertTrue(innerClassNames.contains("TestEnum"));
+    assertFalse(innerClassNames.contains("TestService"));
+
+    // But descriptors are there.
+    FileDescriptor file = UnittestNoGenericServices.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(1, file.getServices().size());
+    assertEquals("TestService", file.getServices().get(0).getName());
+    assertEquals(1, file.getServices().get(0).getMethods().size());
+    assertEquals("Foo", file.getServices().get(0).getMethods().get(0).getName());
+  }
+
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * wrapsCallback() is an EasyMock argument predicate. wrapsCallback(c) matches a callback if
+   * calling that callback causes c to be called. In other words, c wraps the given callback.
+   */
+  private <T extends Message> RpcCallback<T> wrapsCallback(MockCallback<?> callback) {
+    EasyMock.reportMatcher(new WrapsCallback(callback));
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /** The parameter to wrapsCallback() must be a MockCallback. */
+  private static class MockCallback<T extends Message> implements RpcCallback<T> {
+    private boolean called = false;
+
+    public boolean isCalled() {
+      return called;
+    }
+
+    public void reset() {
+      called = false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run(T message) {
+      called = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Implementation of the wrapsCallback() argument matcher. */
+  private static class WrapsCallback implements IArgumentMatcher {
+    private MockCallback<?> callback;
+
+    public WrapsCallback(MockCallback<?> callback) {
+      this.callback = callback;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public boolean matches(Object actual) {
+      if (!(actual instanceof RpcCallback)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      RpcCallback actualCallback = (RpcCallback) actual;
+
+      callback.reset();
+      actualCallback.run(null);
+      return callback.isCalled();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void appendTo(StringBuffer buffer) {
+      buffer.append("wrapsCallback(mockCallback)");
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/SingleFieldBuilderV3Test.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/SingleFieldBuilderV3Test.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2ae8f9bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/SingleFieldBuilderV3Test.java
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypesOrBuilder;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link SingleFieldBuilderV3}. This tests basic functionality. More extensive testing is
+ * provided via other tests that exercise the builder.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class SingleFieldBuilderV3Test extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testBasicUseAndInvalidations() {
+    TestUtil.MockBuilderParent mockParent = new TestUtil.MockBuilderParent();
+    SingleFieldBuilderV3<TestAllTypes, TestAllTypes.Builder, TestAllTypesOrBuilder> builder =
+        new SingleFieldBuilderV3<TestAllTypes, TestAllTypes.Builder, TestAllTypesOrBuilder>(
+            TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), mockParent, false);
+    assertSame(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getMessage());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getBuilder().buildPartial());
+    assertEquals(0, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+
+    builder.getBuilder().setOptionalInt32(10);
+    assertEquals(0, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(10, message.getOptionalInt32());
+
+    // Test that we receive invalidations now that build has been called.
+    assertEquals(0, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+    builder.getBuilder().setOptionalInt32(20);
+    assertEquals(1, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+
+    // Test that we don't keep getting invalidations on every change
+    builder.getBuilder().setOptionalInt32(30);
+    assertEquals(1, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testSetMessage() {
+    TestUtil.MockBuilderParent mockParent = new TestUtil.MockBuilderParent();
+    SingleFieldBuilderV3<TestAllTypes, TestAllTypes.Builder, TestAllTypesOrBuilder> builder =
+        new SingleFieldBuilderV3<TestAllTypes, TestAllTypes.Builder, TestAllTypesOrBuilder>(
+            TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), mockParent, false);
+    builder.setMessage(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(0).build());
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getMessage().getOptionalInt32());
+
+    // Update message using the builder
+    builder.getBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1);
+    assertEquals(0, mockParent.getInvalidationCount());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getBuilder().getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getMessage().getOptionalInt32());
+    builder.build();
+    builder.getBuilder().setOptionalInt32(2);
+    assertEquals(2, builder.getBuilder().getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(2, builder.getMessage().getOptionalInt32());
+
+    // Make sure message stays cached
+    assertSame(builder.getMessage(), builder.getMessage());
+  }
+
+  public void testClear() {
+    TestUtil.MockBuilderParent mockParent = new TestUtil.MockBuilderParent();
+    SingleFieldBuilderV3<TestAllTypes, TestAllTypes.Builder, TestAllTypesOrBuilder> builder =
+        new SingleFieldBuilderV3<TestAllTypes, TestAllTypes.Builder, TestAllTypesOrBuilder>(
+            TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), mockParent, false);
+    builder.setMessage(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(0).build());
+    assertNotSame(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getMessage());
+    builder.clear();
+    assertSame(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getMessage());
+
+    builder.getBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1);
+    assertNotSame(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getMessage());
+    builder.clear();
+    assertSame(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getMessage());
+  }
+
+  public void testMerge() {
+    TestUtil.MockBuilderParent mockParent = new TestUtil.MockBuilderParent();
+    SingleFieldBuilderV3<TestAllTypes, TestAllTypes.Builder, TestAllTypesOrBuilder> builder =
+        new SingleFieldBuilderV3<TestAllTypes, TestAllTypes.Builder, TestAllTypesOrBuilder>(
+            TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), mockParent, false);
+
+    // Merge into default field.
+    builder.mergeFrom(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertSame(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getMessage());
+
+    // Merge into non-default field on existing builder.
+    builder.getBuilder().setOptionalInt32(2);
+    builder.mergeFrom(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalDouble(4.0).buildPartial());
+    assertEquals(2, builder.getMessage().getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(4.0, builder.getMessage().getOptionalDouble(), 0.0);
+
+    // Merge into non-default field on existing message
+    builder.setMessage(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(10).buildPartial());
+    builder.mergeFrom(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalDouble(5.0).buildPartial());
+    assertEquals(10, builder.getMessage().getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(5.0, builder.getMessage().getOptionalDouble(), 0.0);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/SmallSortedMapTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/SmallSortedMapTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1a7194b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/SmallSortedMapTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** @author darick@google.com Darick Tong */
+public class SmallSortedMapTest extends TestCase {
+  // java.util.AbstractMap.SimpleEntry is private in JDK 1.5. We re-implement it
+  // here for JDK 1.5 users.
+  private static class SimpleEntry<K, V> implements Map.Entry<K, V> {
+    private final K key;
+    private V value;
+
+    SimpleEntry(K key, V value) {
+      this.key = key;
+      this.value = value;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public K getKey() {
+      return key;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public V getValue() {
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public V setValue(V value) {
+      V oldValue = this.value;
+      this.value = value;
+      return oldValue;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean eq(Object o1, Object o2) {
+      return o1 == null ? o2 == null : o1.equals(o2);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+      if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry) o;
+      return eq(key, e.getKey()) && eq(value, e.getValue());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      return ((key == null) ? 0 : key.hashCode()) ^ ((value == null) ? 0 : value.hashCode());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testPutAndGetArrayEntriesOnly() {
+    runPutAndGetTest(3);
+  }
+
+  public void testPutAndGetOverflowEntries() {
+    runPutAndGetTest(6);
+  }
+
+  private void runPutAndGetTest(int numElements) {
+    // Test with even and odd arraySize
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map1 = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(3);
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map2 = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(4);
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map3 = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(3);
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map4 = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(4);
+
+    // Test with puts in ascending order.
+    for (int i = 0; i < numElements; i++) {
+      assertNull(map1.put(i, i + 1));
+      assertNull(map2.put(i, i + 1));
+    }
+    // Test with puts in descending order.
+    for (int i = numElements - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      assertNull(map3.put(i, i + 1));
+      assertNull(map4.put(i, i + 1));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(Math.min(3, numElements), map1.getNumArrayEntries());
+    assertEquals(Math.min(4, numElements), map2.getNumArrayEntries());
+    assertEquals(Math.min(3, numElements), map3.getNumArrayEntries());
+    assertEquals(Math.min(4, numElements), map4.getNumArrayEntries());
+
+    List<SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer>> allMaps =
+        new ArrayList<SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer>>();
+    allMaps.add(map1);
+    allMaps.add(map2);
+    allMaps.add(map3);
+    allMaps.add(map4);
+
+    for (SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map : allMaps) {
+      assertEquals(numElements, map.size());
+      for (int i = 0; i < numElements; i++) {
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(i + 1), map.get(i));
+      }
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(map1, map2);
+    assertEquals(map2, map3);
+    assertEquals(map3, map4);
+  }
+
+  public void testReplacingPut() {
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(3);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertNull(map.put(i, i + 1));
+      assertNull(map.remove(i + 1));
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(i + 1), map.put(i, i + 2));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testRemove() {
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(3);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertNull(map.put(i, i + 1));
+      assertNull(map.remove(i + 1));
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(3, map.getNumArrayEntries());
+    assertEquals(3, map.getNumOverflowEntries());
+    assertEquals(6, map.size());
+    assertEquals(makeSortedKeySet(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), map.keySet());
+
+    assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(2), map.remove(1));
+    assertEquals(3, map.getNumArrayEntries());
+    assertEquals(2, map.getNumOverflowEntries());
+    assertEquals(5, map.size());
+    assertEquals(makeSortedKeySet(0, 2, 3, 4, 5), map.keySet());
+
+    assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(5), map.remove(4));
+    assertEquals(3, map.getNumArrayEntries());
+    assertEquals(1, map.getNumOverflowEntries());
+    assertEquals(4, map.size());
+    assertEquals(makeSortedKeySet(0, 2, 3, 5), map.keySet());
+
+    assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(4), map.remove(3));
+    assertEquals(3, map.getNumArrayEntries());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getNumOverflowEntries());
+    assertEquals(3, map.size());
+    assertEquals(makeSortedKeySet(0, 2, 5), map.keySet());
+
+    assertNull(map.remove(3));
+    assertEquals(3, map.getNumArrayEntries());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getNumOverflowEntries());
+    assertEquals(3, map.size());
+
+    assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(1), map.remove(0));
+    assertEquals(2, map.getNumArrayEntries());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getNumOverflowEntries());
+    assertEquals(2, map.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testClear() {
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(3);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertNull(map.put(i, i + 1));
+    }
+    map.clear();
+    assertEquals(0, map.getNumArrayEntries());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getNumOverflowEntries());
+    assertEquals(0, map.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetArrayEntryAndOverflowEntries() {
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(3);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertNull(map.put(i, i + 1));
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, map.getNumArrayEntries());
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+      Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry = map.getArrayEntryAt(i);
+      assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(i), entry.getKey());
+      assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(i + 1), entry.getValue());
+    }
+    Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>> it = map.getOverflowEntries().iterator();
+    for (int i = 3; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertTrue(it.hasNext());
+      Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry = it.next();
+      assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(i), entry.getKey());
+      assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(i + 1), entry.getValue());
+    }
+    assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+  }
+
+  public void testEntrySetContains() {
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(3);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertNull(map.put(i, i + 1));
+    }
+    Set<Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertTrue(entrySet.contains(new SimpleEntry<Integer, Integer>(i, i + 1)));
+      assertFalse(entrySet.contains(new SimpleEntry<Integer, Integer>(i, i)));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testEntrySetAdd() {
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(3);
+    Set<Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry = new SimpleEntry<Integer, Integer>(i, i + 1);
+      assertTrue(entrySet.add(entry));
+      assertFalse(entrySet.add(entry));
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(i + 1), map.get(i));
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, map.getNumArrayEntries());
+    assertEquals(3, map.getNumOverflowEntries());
+    assertEquals(6, map.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testEntrySetRemove() {
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(3);
+    Set<Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertNull(map.put(i, i + 1));
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry = new SimpleEntry<Integer, Integer>(i, i + 1);
+      assertTrue(entrySet.remove(entry));
+      assertFalse(entrySet.remove(entry));
+    }
+    assertTrue(map.isEmpty());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getNumArrayEntries());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getNumOverflowEntries());
+    assertEquals(0, map.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testEntrySetClear() {
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(3);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertNull(map.put(i, i + 1));
+    }
+    map.clear();
+    assertTrue(map.isEmpty());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getNumArrayEntries());
+    assertEquals(0, map.getNumOverflowEntries());
+    assertEquals(0, map.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testEntrySetIteratorNext() {
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(3);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertNull(map.put(i, i + 1));
+    }
+    Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>> it = map.entrySet().iterator();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertTrue(it.hasNext());
+      Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry = it.next();
+      assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(i), entry.getKey());
+      assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(i + 1), entry.getValue());
+    }
+    assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+  }
+
+  public void testEntrySetIteratorRemove() {
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(3);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertNull(map.put(i, i + 1));
+    }
+    Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>> it = map.entrySet().iterator();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertTrue(map.containsKey(i));
+      it.next();
+      it.remove();
+      assertFalse(map.containsKey(i));
+      assertEquals(6 - i - 1, map.size());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMapEntryModification() {
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(3);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertNull(map.put(i, i + 1));
+    }
+    Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>> it = map.entrySet().iterator();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry = it.next();
+      entry.setValue(i + 23);
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(i + 23), map.get(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMakeImmutable() {
+    SmallSortedMap<Integer, Integer> map = SmallSortedMap.newInstanceForTest(3);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+      assertNull(map.put(i, i + 1));
+    }
+    map.makeImmutable();
+    assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(1), map.get(0));
+    assertEquals(6, map.size());
+
+    try {
+      map.put(23, 23);
+      fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+    }
+
+    Map<Integer, Integer> other = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
+    other.put(23, 23);
+    try {
+      map.putAll(other);
+      fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      map.remove(0);
+      fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      map.clear();
+      fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+    }
+
+    Set<Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
+    try {
+      entrySet.clear();
+      fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+    }
+
+    Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>> it = entrySet.iterator();
+    while (it.hasNext()) {
+      Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry = it.next();
+      try {
+        entry.setValue(0);
+        fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+      }
+      try {
+        it.remove();
+        fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+      }
+    }
+
+    Set<Integer> keySet = map.keySet();
+    try {
+      keySet.clear();
+      fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+    }
+
+    Iterator<Integer> keys = keySet.iterator();
+    while (keys.hasNext()) {
+      Integer key = keys.next();
+      try {
+        keySet.remove(key);
+        fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+      }
+      try {
+        keys.remove();
+        fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Set<Integer> makeSortedKeySet(Integer... keys) {
+    return new TreeSet<Integer>(Arrays.<Integer>asList(keys));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestBadIdentifiers.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestBadIdentifiers.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d82c5f9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestBadIdentifiers.java
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests that proto2 api generation doesn't cause compile errors when compiling protocol buffers
+ * that have names that would otherwise conflict if not fully qualified (like @Deprecated
+ * and @Override).
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class TestBadIdentifiers extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testCompilation() {
+    // If this compiles, it means the generation was correct.
+    TestBadIdentifiersProto.Deprecated.newBuilder();
+    TestBadIdentifiersProto.Override.newBuilder();
+  }
+
+  public void testGetDescriptor() {
+    TestBadIdentifiersProto.getDescriptor();
+    TestBadIdentifiersProto.Descriptor.getDefaultInstance().getDescriptor();
+    TestBadIdentifiersProto.Descriptor.getDefaultInstance().getDescriptorForType();
+    TestBadIdentifiersProto.Descriptor.NestedDescriptor.getDefaultInstance().getDescriptor();
+    TestBadIdentifiersProto.Descriptor.NestedDescriptor.getDefaultInstance().getDescriptorForType();
+  }
+
+  public void testConflictingFieldNames() throws Exception {
+    TestBadIdentifiersProto.TestConflictingFieldNames message =
+        TestBadIdentifiersProto.TestConflictingFieldNames.getDefaultInstance();
+    // Make sure generated accessors are properly named.
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32Field1Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getEnumField2Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getStringField3Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getBytesField4Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getMessageField5Count());
+
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32FieldCount11());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getEnumFieldCount12().getNumber());
+    assertEquals("", message.getStringFieldCount13());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getBytesFieldCount14());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getMessageFieldCount15().getSerializedSize());
+
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32Field21Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getEnumField22Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getStringField23Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getBytesField24Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getMessageField25Count());
+
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32Field1List().size());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32FieldList31());
+
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt64FieldCount());
+    assertEquals(
+        0L,
+        message
+            .getExtension(TestBadIdentifiersProto.TestConflictingFieldNames.int64FieldCount)
+            .longValue());
+    assertEquals(
+        0L,
+        message
+            .getExtension(TestBadIdentifiersProto.TestConflictingFieldNames.int64FieldList)
+            .longValue());
+
+    assertEquals("", message.getFieldName32());
+    assertEquals("", message.getFieldName33());
+    assertEquals(0, message.get2Conflict34());
+    assertEquals(0, message.get2Conflict35());
+
+  }
+
+  public void testNumberFields() throws Exception {
+    TestBadIdentifiersProto.TestLeadingNumberFields message =
+        TestBadIdentifiersProto.TestLeadingNumberFields.getDefaultInstance();
+    // Make sure generated accessors are properly named.
+    assertFalse(message.has30DayImpressions());
+    assertEquals(0, message.get30DayImpressions());
+    assertEquals(0, message.get60DayImpressionsCount());
+    assertEquals(0, message.get60DayImpressionsList().size());
+
+    assertFalse(message.has2Underscores());
+    assertEquals("", message.get2Underscores());
+    assertEquals(0, message.get2RepeatedUnderscoresCount());
+    assertEquals(0, message.get2RepeatedUnderscoresList().size());
+
+    assertFalse(message.has32());
+    assertEquals(0, message.get32());
+    assertEquals(0, message.get64Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.get64List().size());
+
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestBadIdentifiersLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestBadIdentifiersLite.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..798d7ca61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestBadIdentifiersLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests that proto2 api generation doesn't cause compile errors when compiling protocol buffers
+ * that have names that would otherwise conflict if not fully qualified (like @Deprecated
+ * and @Override).
+ *
+ * <p>Forked from {@link TestBadIdentifiers}.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public final class TestBadIdentifiersLite extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testCompilation() {
+    // If this compiles, it means the generation was correct.
+    TestBadIdentifiersProto.Deprecated.newBuilder();
+    TestBadIdentifiersProto.Override.newBuilder();
+  }
+
+  public void testConflictingFieldNames() throws Exception {
+    TestBadIdentifiersProto.TestConflictingFieldNames message =
+        TestBadIdentifiersProto.TestConflictingFieldNames.getDefaultInstance();
+    // Make sure generated accessors are properly named.
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32Field1Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getEnumField2Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getStringField3Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getBytesField4Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getMessageField5Count());
+
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32FieldCount11());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getEnumFieldCount12().getNumber());
+    assertEquals("", message.getStringFieldCount13());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getBytesFieldCount14());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getMessageFieldCount15().getSerializedSize());
+
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32Field21Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getEnumField22Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getStringField23Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getBytesField24Count());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getMessageField25Count());
+
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32Field1List().size());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32FieldList31());
+
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt64FieldCount());
+    assertEquals(
+        0L,
+        message
+            .getExtension(TestBadIdentifiersProto.TestConflictingFieldNames.int64FieldCount)
+            .longValue());
+    assertEquals(
+        0L,
+        message
+            .getExtension(TestBadIdentifiersProto.TestConflictingFieldNames.int64FieldList)
+            .longValue());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestSchemas.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestSchemas.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ab0ced4cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestSchemas.java
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Empty;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2MessageWithExtensions;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2Testing.Proto2MessageWithMaps;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3Testing.Proto3Empty;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3Testing.Proto3Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3Testing.Proto3MessageWithMaps;
+
+/** Schemas to support testing. */
+public class TestSchemas {
+  public static final Schema<Proto2Message> genericProto2Schema =
+      new ManifestSchemaFactory().createSchema(Proto2Message.class);
+  public static final Schema<Proto3Message> genericProto3Schema =
+      new ManifestSchemaFactory().createSchema(Proto3Message.class);
+
+  public static void registerGenericProto2Schemas() {
+    registerProto2Schemas();
+  }
+
+  public static void registerGenericProto3Schemas() {
+    registerProto3Schemas();
+  }
+
+  private static void registerProto2Schemas() {
+    Protobuf protobuf = Protobuf.getInstance();
+    ManifestSchemaFactory factory = new ManifestSchemaFactory();
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(Proto2Message.class, factory.createSchema(Proto2Message.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2Message.FieldGroup49.class, factory.createSchema(Proto2Message.FieldGroup49.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2Message.FieldGroupList51.class,
+        factory.createSchema(Proto2Message.FieldGroupList51.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2Message.FieldGroup69.class, factory.createSchema(Proto2Message.FieldGroup69.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2Message.RequiredNestedMessage.class,
+        factory.createSchema(Proto2Message.RequiredNestedMessage.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2Message.FieldRequiredGroup88.class,
+        factory.createSchema(Proto2Message.FieldRequiredGroup88.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(Proto2Empty.class, factory.createSchema(Proto2Empty.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2MessageWithExtensions.class, factory.createSchema(Proto2MessageWithExtensions.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2Testing.FieldGroup49.class, factory.createSchema(Proto2Testing.FieldGroup49.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2Testing.FieldGroupList51.class,
+        factory.createSchema(Proto2Testing.FieldGroupList51.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2MessageWithMaps.class, factory.createSchema(Proto2MessageWithMaps.class));
+  }
+
+  private static void registerProto3Schemas() {
+    Protobuf protobuf = Protobuf.getInstance();
+    ManifestSchemaFactory factory = new ManifestSchemaFactory();
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(Proto3Message.class, factory.createSchema(Proto3Message.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(Proto3Empty.class, factory.createSchema(Proto3Empty.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, factory.createSchema(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestSchemasLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestSchemasLite.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..28a89d72a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestSchemasLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2EmptyLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLiteWithExtensions;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3TestingLite.Proto3EmptyLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3TestingLite.Proto3MessageLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto3TestingLite.Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps;
+
+/** Schemas to support testing. */
+public final class TestSchemasLite {
+
+  public static final Schema<Proto2MessageLite> genericProto2LiteSchema =
+      new ManifestSchemaFactory().createSchema(Proto2MessageLite.class);
+  public static final Schema<Proto3MessageLite> genericProto3LiteSchema =
+      new ManifestSchemaFactory().createSchema(Proto3MessageLite.class);
+
+  public static void registerGenericProto2LiteSchemas() {
+    registerProto2LiteSchemas();
+  }
+
+  public static void registerGenericProto3LiteSchemas() {
+    registerProto3LiteSchemas();
+  }
+
+  private static void registerProto2LiteSchemas() {
+    Protobuf protobuf = Protobuf.getInstance();
+    ManifestSchemaFactory factory = new ManifestSchemaFactory();
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2MessageLite.class, factory.createSchema(Proto2MessageLite.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroup49.class,
+        factory.createSchema(Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroup49.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroupList51.class,
+        factory.createSchema(Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroupList51.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroup69.class,
+        factory.createSchema(Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroup69.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2MessageLite.RequiredNestedMessage.class,
+        factory.createSchema(Proto2MessageLite.RequiredNestedMessage.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2MessageLite.FieldRequiredGroup88.class,
+        factory.createSchema(Proto2MessageLite.FieldRequiredGroup88.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2EmptyLite.class, factory.createSchema(Proto2EmptyLite.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2MessageLiteWithExtensions.class,
+        factory.createSchema(Proto2MessageLiteWithExtensions.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2TestingLite.FieldGroup49.class,
+        factory.createSchema(Proto2TestingLite.FieldGroup49.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2TestingLite.FieldGroupList51.class,
+        factory.createSchema(Proto2TestingLite.FieldGroupList51.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, factory.createSchema(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class));
+  }
+
+  private static void registerProto3LiteSchemas() {
+    Protobuf protobuf = Protobuf.getInstance();
+    ManifestSchemaFactory factory = new ManifestSchemaFactory();
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto3MessageLite.class, factory.createSchema(Proto3MessageLite.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto3EmptyLite.class, factory.createSchema(Proto3EmptyLite.class));
+    protobuf.registerSchemaOverride(
+        Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class, factory.createSchema(Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps.class));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestUtil.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22c0be252
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,3888 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultBoolExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultBytesExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultCordExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultDoubleExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultFixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultFixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultFloatExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultForeignEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultImportEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultInt32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultInt64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultNestedEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultSfixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultSfixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultSint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultSint64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultStringExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultStringPieceExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultUint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultUint64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.oneofBytesExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.oneofNestedMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.oneofStringExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.oneofUint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalBoolExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalBytesExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalCordExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalDoubleExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalFixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalFixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalFloatExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalForeignEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalForeignMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalGroupExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalImportEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalImportMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalInt64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalLazyMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalNestedEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalPublicImportMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalSfixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalSfixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalSint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalSint64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalStringExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalStringPieceExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalUint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalUint64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedBoolExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedDoubleExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedFixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedFixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedFloatExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedInt32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedInt64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedSfixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedSfixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedSint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedSint64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedUint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedUint64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedBoolExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedBytesExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedCordExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedDoubleExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedFixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedFixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedFloatExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedForeignEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedForeignMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedGroupExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedImportEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedImportMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedInt32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedInt64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedLazyMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedNestedEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedNestedMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedSfixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedSfixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedSint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedSint64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedStringExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedStringPieceExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedUint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedUint64ExtensionLite;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultBoolExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultBytesExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultCordExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultDoubleExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultFixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultFixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultFloatExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultForeignEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultImportEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultInt32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultInt64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultNestedEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultSfixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultSfixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultSint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultSint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultStringExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultStringPieceExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultUint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.defaultUint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.oneofBytesExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.oneofNestedMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.oneofStringExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.oneofUint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalBoolExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalBytesExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalCordExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalDoubleExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalFixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalFixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalFloatExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalForeignEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalForeignMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalGroupExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalImportEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalImportMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalInt32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalInt64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalLazyMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalNestedEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalNestedMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalPublicImportMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalSfixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalSfixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalSint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalSint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalStringExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalStringPieceExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalUint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalUint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedBoolExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedDoubleExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedFixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedFixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedFloatExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedInt32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedInt64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedSfixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedSfixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedSint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedSint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedUint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.packedUint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedBoolExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedBytesExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedCordExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedDoubleExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedFixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedFixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedFloatExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedForeignEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedForeignMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedGroupExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedImportEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedImportMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedInt32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedInt64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedLazyMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedNestedEnumExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedNestedMessageExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedSfixed32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedSfixed64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedSint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedSint64Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedStringExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedStringPieceExtension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedUint32Extension;
+import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.repeatedUint64Extension;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestImportLite.ImportEnumLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.ForeignEnumLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllExtensionsLiteOrBuilder;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllTypesLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestPackedExtensionsLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.test.UnittestImport.ImportEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.test.UnittestImport.ImportMessage;
+import com.google.protobuf.test.UnittestImportPublic.PublicImportMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignEnum;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.OptionalGroup_extension;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.RepeatedGroup_extension;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensionsOrBuilder;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypesOrBuilder;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestOneof2;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestUnpackedTypes;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.logging.Handler;
+import java.util.logging.LogRecord;
+import junit.framework.Assert;
+
+/**
+ * Contains methods for setting all fields of {@code TestAllTypes} to some values as well as
+ * checking that all the fields are set to those values. These are useful for testing various
+ * protocol message features, e.g. set all fields of a message, serialize it, parse it, and check
+ * that all fields are set.
+ *
+ * <p>This code is not to be used outside of {@code com.google.protobuf} and subpackages.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public final class TestUtil {
+  private TestUtil() {}
+
+  public static final TestRequired TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED =
+      TestRequired.newBuilder().setA(1).buildPartial();
+  public static final TestRequired TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED =
+      TestRequired.newBuilder().setA(1).setB(2).setC(3).build();
+
+  /** Helper to convert a String to ByteString. */
+  static ByteString toBytes(String str) {
+    return ByteString.copyFrom(str.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8));
+  }
+
+  // BEGIN FULL-RUNTIME
+  /** Dirties the message by resetting the momoized serialized size. */
+  public static void resetMemoizedSize(AbstractMessage message) {
+    message.memoizedSize = -1;
+  }
+  // END FULL-RUNTIME
+
+  /**
+   * Get a {@code TestAllTypes} with all fields set as they would be by {@link
+   * #setAllFields(TestAllTypes.Builder)}.
+   */
+  public static TestAllTypes getAllSet() {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    setAllFields(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a {@code TestAllTypes.Builder} with all fields set as they would be by {@link
+   * #setAllFields(TestAllTypes.Builder)}.
+   */
+  public static TestAllTypes.Builder getAllSetBuilder() {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    setAllFields(builder);
+    return builder;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a {@code TestAllExtensions} with all fields set as they would be by {@link
+   * #setAllExtensions(TestAllExtensions.Builder)}.
+   */
+  public static TestAllExtensions getAllExtensionsSet() {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    setAllExtensions(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  public static TestPackedTypes getPackedSet() {
+    TestPackedTypes.Builder builder = TestPackedTypes.newBuilder();
+    setPackedFields(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  public static TestUnpackedTypes getUnpackedSet() {
+    TestUnpackedTypes.Builder builder = TestUnpackedTypes.newBuilder();
+    setUnpackedFields(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  public static TestPackedExtensions getPackedExtensionsSet() {
+    TestPackedExtensions.Builder builder = TestPackedExtensions.newBuilder();
+    setPackedExtensions(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  /** Set every field of {@code message} to the values expected by {@code assertAllFieldsSet()}. */
+  public static void setAllFields(TestAllTypes.Builder message) {
+    message.setOptionalInt32(101);
+    message.setOptionalInt64(102);
+    message.setOptionalUint32(103);
+    message.setOptionalUint64(104);
+    message.setOptionalSint32(105);
+    message.setOptionalSint64(106);
+    message.setOptionalFixed32(107);
+    message.setOptionalFixed64(108);
+    message.setOptionalSfixed32(109);
+    message.setOptionalSfixed64(110);
+    message.setOptionalFloat(111);
+    message.setOptionalDouble(112);
+    message.setOptionalBool(true);
+    message.setOptionalString("115");
+    message.setOptionalBytes(toBytes("116"));
+
+    message.setOptionalGroup(TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup.newBuilder().setA(117).build());
+    message.setOptionalNestedMessage(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(118).build());
+    message.setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(119).build());
+    message.setOptionalImportMessage(ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(120).build());
+    message.setOptionalPublicImportMessage(PublicImportMessage.newBuilder().setE(126).build());
+    message.setOptionalLazyMessage(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(127).build());
+
+    message.setOptionalNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    message.setOptionalForeignEnum(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ);
+    message.setOptionalImportEnum(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ);
+
+    message.setOptionalStringPiece("124");
+    message.setOptionalCord("125");
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    message.addRepeatedInt32(201);
+    message.addRepeatedInt64(202);
+    message.addRepeatedUint32(203);
+    message.addRepeatedUint64(204);
+    message.addRepeatedSint32(205);
+    message.addRepeatedSint64(206);
+    message.addRepeatedFixed32(207);
+    message.addRepeatedFixed64(208);
+    message.addRepeatedSfixed32(209);
+    message.addRepeatedSfixed64(210);
+    message.addRepeatedFloat(211);
+    message.addRepeatedDouble(212);
+    message.addRepeatedBool(true);
+    message.addRepeatedString("215");
+    message.addRepeatedBytes(toBytes("216"));
+
+    message.addRepeatedGroup(TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup.newBuilder().setA(217).build());
+    message.addRepeatedNestedMessage(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(218).build());
+    message.addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(219).build());
+    message.addRepeatedImportMessage(ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(220).build());
+    message.addRepeatedLazyMessage(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(227).build());
+
+    message.addRepeatedNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR);
+    message.addRepeatedForeignEnum(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR);
+    message.addRepeatedImportEnum(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR);
+
+    message.addRepeatedStringPiece("224");
+    message.addRepeatedCord("225");
+
+    // Add a second one of each field.
+    message.addRepeatedInt32(301);
+    message.addRepeatedInt64(302);
+    message.addRepeatedUint32(303);
+    message.addRepeatedUint64(304);
+    message.addRepeatedSint32(305);
+    message.addRepeatedSint64(306);
+    message.addRepeatedFixed32(307);
+    message.addRepeatedFixed64(308);
+    message.addRepeatedSfixed32(309);
+    message.addRepeatedSfixed64(310);
+    message.addRepeatedFloat(311);
+    message.addRepeatedDouble(312);
+    message.addRepeatedBool(false);
+    message.addRepeatedString("315");
+    message.addRepeatedBytes(toBytes("316"));
+
+    message.addRepeatedGroup(TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup.newBuilder().setA(317).build());
+    message.addRepeatedNestedMessage(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(318).build());
+    message.addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(319).build());
+    message.addRepeatedImportMessage(ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(320).build());
+    message.addRepeatedLazyMessage(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(327).build());
+
+    message.addRepeatedNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    message.addRepeatedForeignEnum(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ);
+    message.addRepeatedImportEnum(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ);
+
+    message.addRepeatedStringPiece("324");
+    message.addRepeatedCord("325");
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    message.setDefaultInt32(401);
+    message.setDefaultInt64(402);
+    message.setDefaultUint32(403);
+    message.setDefaultUint64(404);
+    message.setDefaultSint32(405);
+    message.setDefaultSint64(406);
+    message.setDefaultFixed32(407);
+    message.setDefaultFixed64(408);
+    message.setDefaultSfixed32(409);
+    message.setDefaultSfixed64(410);
+    message.setDefaultFloat(411);
+    message.setDefaultDouble(412);
+    message.setDefaultBool(false);
+    message.setDefaultString("415");
+    message.setDefaultBytes(toBytes("416"));
+
+    message.setDefaultNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    message.setDefaultForeignEnum(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+    message.setDefaultImportEnum(ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO);
+
+    message.setDefaultStringPiece("424");
+    message.setDefaultCord("425");
+
+    message.setOneofUint32(601);
+    message.setOneofNestedMessage(TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(602).build());
+    message.setOneofString("603");
+    message.setOneofBytes(toBytes("604"));
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Modify the repeated fields of {@code message} to contain the values expected by {@code
+   * assertRepeatedFieldsModified()}.
+   */
+  public static void modifyRepeatedFields(TestAllTypes.Builder message) {
+    message.setRepeatedInt32(1, 501);
+    message.setRepeatedInt64(1, 502);
+    message.setRepeatedUint32(1, 503);
+    message.setRepeatedUint64(1, 504);
+    message.setRepeatedSint32(1, 505);
+    message.setRepeatedSint64(1, 506);
+    message.setRepeatedFixed32(1, 507);
+    message.setRepeatedFixed64(1, 508);
+    message.setRepeatedSfixed32(1, 509);
+    message.setRepeatedSfixed64(1, 510);
+    message.setRepeatedFloat(1, 511);
+    message.setRepeatedDouble(1, 512);
+    message.setRepeatedBool(1, true);
+    message.setRepeatedString(1, "515");
+    message.setRepeatedBytes(1, toBytes("516"));
+
+    message.setRepeatedGroup(1, TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup.newBuilder().setA(517).build());
+    message.setRepeatedNestedMessage(1, TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(518).build());
+    message.setRepeatedForeignMessage(1, ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(519).build());
+    message.setRepeatedImportMessage(1, ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(520).build());
+    message.setRepeatedLazyMessage(1, TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(527).build());
+
+    message.setRepeatedNestedEnum(1, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    message.setRepeatedForeignEnum(1, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+    message.setRepeatedImportEnum(1, ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO);
+
+    message.setRepeatedStringPiece(1, "524");
+    message.setRepeatedCord(1, "525");
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all fields of {@code message} are set to the
+   * values assigned by {@code setAllFields}.
+   */
+  public static void assertAllFieldsSet(TestAllTypesOrBuilder message) {
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalInt32());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalInt64());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalUint32());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalUint64());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalSint32());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalSint64());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalFixed32());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalFixed64());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalFloat());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalDouble());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalBool());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalString());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalBytes());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalGroup());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalNestedMessage());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalForeignMessage());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalImportMessage());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getOptionalGroup().hasA());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getOptionalNestedMessage().hasBb());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getOptionalForeignMessage().hasC());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getOptionalImportMessage().hasD());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalNestedEnum());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalImportEnum());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOptionalCord());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(101, message.getOptionalInt32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(102, message.getOptionalInt64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(103, message.getOptionalUint32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(104, message.getOptionalUint64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(105, message.getOptionalSint32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(106, message.getOptionalSint64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(107, message.getOptionalFixed32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(108, message.getOptionalFixed64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(109, message.getOptionalSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(110, message.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(111, message.getOptionalFloat(), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(112, message.getOptionalDouble(), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(true, message.getOptionalBool());
+    Assert.assertEquals("115", message.getOptionalString());
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("116"), message.getOptionalBytes());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(117, message.getOptionalGroup().getA());
+    Assert.assertEquals(118, message.getOptionalNestedMessage().getBb());
+    Assert.assertEquals(119, message.getOptionalForeignMessage().getC());
+    Assert.assertEquals(120, message.getOptionalImportMessage().getD());
+    Assert.assertEquals(126, message.getOptionalPublicImportMessage().getE());
+    Assert.assertEquals(127, message.getOptionalLazyMessage().getBb());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ, message.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ, message.getOptionalForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ, message.getOptionalImportEnum());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("124", message.getOptionalStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertEquals("125", message.getOptionalCord());
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedInt32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedInt64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedUint32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedUint64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSint32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSint64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSfixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSfixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFloatCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedDoubleCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedBoolCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedStringCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedBytesCount());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedGroupCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedNestedMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedForeignMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedImportMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedLazyMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedNestedEnumCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedForeignEnumCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedImportEnumCount());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedStringPieceCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedCordCount());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(201, message.getRepeatedInt32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(202, message.getRepeatedInt64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(203, message.getRepeatedUint32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(204, message.getRepeatedUint64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(205, message.getRepeatedSint32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(206, message.getRepeatedSint64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(207, message.getRepeatedFixed32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(208, message.getRepeatedFixed64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(209, message.getRepeatedSfixed32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(210, message.getRepeatedSfixed64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(211, message.getRepeatedFloat(0), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(212, message.getRepeatedDouble(0), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(true, message.getRepeatedBool(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals("215", message.getRepeatedString(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("216"), message.getRepeatedBytes(0));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(217, message.getRepeatedGroup(0).getA());
+    Assert.assertEquals(218, message.getRepeatedNestedMessage(0).getBb());
+    Assert.assertEquals(219, message.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0).getC());
+    Assert.assertEquals(220, message.getRepeatedImportMessage(0).getD());
+    Assert.assertEquals(227, message.getRepeatedLazyMessage(0).getBb());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getRepeatedNestedEnum(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, message.getRepeatedForeignEnum(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR, message.getRepeatedImportEnum(0));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("224", message.getRepeatedStringPiece(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals("225", message.getRepeatedCord(0));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(301, message.getRepeatedInt32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(302, message.getRepeatedInt64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(303, message.getRepeatedUint32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(304, message.getRepeatedUint64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(305, message.getRepeatedSint32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(306, message.getRepeatedSint64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(307, message.getRepeatedFixed32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(308, message.getRepeatedFixed64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(309, message.getRepeatedSfixed32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(310, message.getRepeatedSfixed64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(311, message.getRepeatedFloat(1), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(312, message.getRepeatedDouble(1), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getRepeatedBool(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals("315", message.getRepeatedString(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("316"), message.getRepeatedBytes(1));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(317, message.getRepeatedGroup(1).getA());
+    Assert.assertEquals(318, message.getRepeatedNestedMessage(1).getBb());
+    Assert.assertEquals(319, message.getRepeatedForeignMessage(1).getC());
+    Assert.assertEquals(320, message.getRepeatedImportMessage(1).getD());
+    Assert.assertEquals(327, message.getRepeatedLazyMessage(1).getBb());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ, message.getRepeatedNestedEnum(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ, message.getRepeatedForeignEnum(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ, message.getRepeatedImportEnum(1));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("324", message.getRepeatedStringPiece(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals("325", message.getRepeatedCord(1));
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultInt32());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultInt64());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultUint32());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultUint64());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultSint32());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultSint64());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultFixed32());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultFixed64());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultFloat());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultDouble());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultBool());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultString());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultBytes());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultNestedEnum());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultImportEnum());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasDefaultCord());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(401, message.getDefaultInt32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(402, message.getDefaultInt64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(403, message.getDefaultUint32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(404, message.getDefaultUint64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(405, message.getDefaultSint32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(406, message.getDefaultSint64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(407, message.getDefaultFixed32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(408, message.getDefaultFixed64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(409, message.getDefaultSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(410, message.getDefaultSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(411, message.getDefaultFloat(), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(412, message.getDefaultDouble(), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getDefaultBool());
+    Assert.assertEquals("415", message.getDefaultString());
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("416"), message.getDefaultBytes());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, message.getDefaultNestedEnum());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO, message.getDefaultForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO, message.getDefaultImportEnum());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("424", message.getDefaultStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertEquals("425", message.getDefaultCord());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_BYTES, message.getOneofFieldCase());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOneofUint32());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOneofNestedMessage());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOneofString());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasOneofBytes());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("604"), message.getOneofBytes());
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all fields of {@code message} are cleared,
+   * and that getting the fields returns their default values.
+   */
+  public static void assertClear(TestAllTypesOrBuilder message) {
+    // hasBlah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalInt32());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalInt64());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalUint32());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalUint64());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalSint32());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalSint64());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalFixed32());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalFixed64());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalFloat());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalDouble());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalBool());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalString());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalBytes());
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalGroup());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalNestedMessage());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalForeignMessage());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalImportMessage());
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalNestedEnum());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalImportEnum());
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOptionalCord());
+
+    // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalInt32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalInt64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalUint32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalUint64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalSint32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalSint64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalFixed32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalFixed64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalFloat(), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalDouble(), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getOptionalBool());
+    Assert.assertEquals("", message.getOptionalString());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getOptionalBytes());
+
+    // Embedded messages should also be clear.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getOptionalGroup().hasA());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getOptionalNestedMessage().hasBb());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getOptionalForeignMessage().hasC());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getOptionalImportMessage().hasD());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getOptionalPublicImportMessage().hasE());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getOptionalLazyMessage().hasBb());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalGroup().getA());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalNestedMessage().getBb());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalForeignMessage().getC());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalImportMessage().getD());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalPublicImportMessage().getE());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalLazyMessage().getBb());
+
+    // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, message.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO, message.getOptionalForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO, message.getOptionalImportEnum());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("", message.getOptionalStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertEquals("", message.getOptionalCord());
+
+    // Repeated fields are empty.
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedInt32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedInt64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedUint32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedUint64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedSint32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedSint64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedSfixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedSfixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFloatCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedDoubleCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedBoolCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedStringCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedBytesCount());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedGroupCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedNestedMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedForeignMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedImportMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedLazyMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedNestedEnumCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedForeignEnumCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedImportEnumCount());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedStringPieceCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedCordCount());
+
+    // hasBlah() should also be false for all default fields.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultInt32());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultInt64());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultUint32());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultUint64());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultSint32());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultSint64());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultFixed32());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultFixed64());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultFloat());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultDouble());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultBool());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultString());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultBytes());
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultNestedEnum());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultImportEnum());
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasDefaultCord());
+
+    // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+    Assert.assertEquals(41, message.getDefaultInt32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(42, message.getDefaultInt64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(43, message.getDefaultUint32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(44, message.getDefaultUint64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(-45, message.getDefaultSint32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(46, message.getDefaultSint64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(47, message.getDefaultFixed32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(48, message.getDefaultFixed64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(49, message.getDefaultSfixed32());
+    Assert.assertEquals(-50, message.getDefaultSfixed64());
+    Assert.assertEquals(51.5, message.getDefaultFloat(), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(52e3, message.getDefaultDouble(), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(true, message.getDefaultBool());
+    Assert.assertEquals("hello", message.getDefaultString());
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("world"), message.getDefaultBytes());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getDefaultNestedEnum());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, message.getDefaultForeignEnum());
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR, message.getDefaultImportEnum());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("abc", message.getDefaultStringPiece());
+    Assert.assertEquals("123", message.getDefaultCord());
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOneofUint32());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOneofNestedMessage());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOneofString());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasOneofBytes());
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all fields of {@code message} are set to the
+   * values assigned by {@code setAllFields} followed by {@code modifyRepeatedFields}.
+   */
+  public static void assertRepeatedFieldsModified(TestAllTypesOrBuilder message) {
+    // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
+    // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
+    // element and size were *not* modified.
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedInt32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedInt64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedUint32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedUint64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSint32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSint64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSfixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedSfixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFloatCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedDoubleCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedBoolCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedStringCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedBytesCount());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedGroupCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedNestedMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedForeignMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedImportMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedLazyMessageCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedNestedEnumCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedForeignEnumCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedImportEnumCount());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedStringPieceCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedCordCount());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(201, message.getRepeatedInt32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(202L, message.getRepeatedInt64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(203, message.getRepeatedUint32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(204L, message.getRepeatedUint64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(205, message.getRepeatedSint32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(206L, message.getRepeatedSint64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(207, message.getRepeatedFixed32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(208L, message.getRepeatedFixed64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(209, message.getRepeatedSfixed32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(210L, message.getRepeatedSfixed64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(211F, message.getRepeatedFloat(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(212D, message.getRepeatedDouble(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(true, message.getRepeatedBool(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals("215", message.getRepeatedString(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("216"), message.getRepeatedBytes(0));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(217, message.getRepeatedGroup(0).getA());
+    Assert.assertEquals(218, message.getRepeatedNestedMessage(0).getBb());
+    Assert.assertEquals(219, message.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0).getC());
+    Assert.assertEquals(220, message.getRepeatedImportMessage(0).getD());
+    Assert.assertEquals(227, message.getRepeatedLazyMessage(0).getBb());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getRepeatedNestedEnum(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, message.getRepeatedForeignEnum(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR, message.getRepeatedImportEnum(0));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("224", message.getRepeatedStringPiece(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals("225", message.getRepeatedCord(0));
+
+    // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+    Assert.assertEquals(501, message.getRepeatedInt32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(502L, message.getRepeatedInt64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(503, message.getRepeatedUint32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(504L, message.getRepeatedUint64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(505, message.getRepeatedSint32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(506L, message.getRepeatedSint64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(507, message.getRepeatedFixed32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(508L, message.getRepeatedFixed64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(509, message.getRepeatedSfixed32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(510L, message.getRepeatedSfixed64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(511F, message.getRepeatedFloat(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(512D, message.getRepeatedDouble(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(true, message.getRepeatedBool(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals("515", message.getRepeatedString(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("516"), message.getRepeatedBytes(1));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(517, message.getRepeatedGroup(1).getA());
+    Assert.assertEquals(518, message.getRepeatedNestedMessage(1).getBb());
+    Assert.assertEquals(519, message.getRepeatedForeignMessage(1).getC());
+    Assert.assertEquals(520, message.getRepeatedImportMessage(1).getD());
+    Assert.assertEquals(527, message.getRepeatedLazyMessage(1).getBb());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, message.getRepeatedNestedEnum(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO, message.getRepeatedForeignEnum(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO, message.getRepeatedImportEnum(1));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals("524", message.getRepeatedStringPiece(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals("525", message.getRepeatedCord(1));
+  }
+
+  /** Set every field of {@code message} to a unique value. */
+  public static void setPackedFields(TestPackedTypes.Builder message) {
+    message.addPackedInt32(601);
+    message.addPackedInt64(602);
+    message.addPackedUint32(603);
+    message.addPackedUint64(604);
+    message.addPackedSint32(605);
+    message.addPackedSint64(606);
+    message.addPackedFixed32(607);
+    message.addPackedFixed64(608);
+    message.addPackedSfixed32(609);
+    message.addPackedSfixed64(610);
+    message.addPackedFloat(611);
+    message.addPackedDouble(612);
+    message.addPackedBool(true);
+    message.addPackedEnum(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR);
+    // Add a second one of each field.
+    message.addPackedInt32(701);
+    message.addPackedInt64(702);
+    message.addPackedUint32(703);
+    message.addPackedUint64(704);
+    message.addPackedSint32(705);
+    message.addPackedSint64(706);
+    message.addPackedFixed32(707);
+    message.addPackedFixed64(708);
+    message.addPackedSfixed32(709);
+    message.addPackedSfixed64(710);
+    message.addPackedFloat(711);
+    message.addPackedDouble(712);
+    message.addPackedBool(false);
+    message.addPackedEnum(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set every field of {@code message} to a unique value. Must correspond with the values applied
+   * by {@code setPackedFields}.
+   */
+  public static void setUnpackedFields(TestUnpackedTypes.Builder message) {
+    message.addUnpackedInt32(601);
+    message.addUnpackedInt64(602);
+    message.addUnpackedUint32(603);
+    message.addUnpackedUint64(604);
+    message.addUnpackedSint32(605);
+    message.addUnpackedSint64(606);
+    message.addUnpackedFixed32(607);
+    message.addUnpackedFixed64(608);
+    message.addUnpackedSfixed32(609);
+    message.addUnpackedSfixed64(610);
+    message.addUnpackedFloat(611);
+    message.addUnpackedDouble(612);
+    message.addUnpackedBool(true);
+    message.addUnpackedEnum(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR);
+    // Add a second one of each field.
+    message.addUnpackedInt32(701);
+    message.addUnpackedInt64(702);
+    message.addUnpackedUint32(703);
+    message.addUnpackedUint64(704);
+    message.addUnpackedSint32(705);
+    message.addUnpackedSint64(706);
+    message.addUnpackedFixed32(707);
+    message.addUnpackedFixed64(708);
+    message.addUnpackedSfixed32(709);
+    message.addUnpackedSfixed64(710);
+    message.addUnpackedFloat(711);
+    message.addUnpackedDouble(712);
+    message.addUnpackedBool(false);
+    message.addUnpackedEnum(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all fields of {@code message} are set to the
+   * values assigned by {@code setPackedFields}.
+   */
+  public static void assertPackedFieldsSet(TestPackedTypes message) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedInt32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedInt64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedUint32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedUint64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedSint32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedSint64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedFixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedFixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedSfixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedSfixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedFloatCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedDoubleCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedBoolCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getPackedEnumCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(601, message.getPackedInt32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(602, message.getPackedInt64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(603, message.getPackedUint32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(604, message.getPackedUint64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(605, message.getPackedSint32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(606, message.getPackedSint64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(607, message.getPackedFixed32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(608, message.getPackedFixed64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(609, message.getPackedSfixed32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(610, message.getPackedSfixed64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(611, message.getPackedFloat(0), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(612, message.getPackedDouble(0), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(true, message.getPackedBool(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, message.getPackedEnum(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(701, message.getPackedInt32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(702, message.getPackedInt64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(703, message.getPackedUint32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(704, message.getPackedUint64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(705, message.getPackedSint32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(706, message.getPackedSint64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(707, message.getPackedFixed32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(708, message.getPackedFixed64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(709, message.getPackedSfixed32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(710, message.getPackedSfixed64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(711, message.getPackedFloat(1), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(712, message.getPackedDouble(1), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getPackedBool(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ, message.getPackedEnum(1));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all fields of {@code message} are set to the
+   * values assigned by {@code setUnpackedFields}.
+   */
+  public static void assertUnpackedFieldsSet(TestUnpackedTypes message) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedInt32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedInt64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedUint32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedUint64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedSint32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedSint64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedFixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedFixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedSfixed32Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedSfixed64Count());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedFloatCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedDoubleCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedBoolCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getUnpackedEnumCount());
+    Assert.assertEquals(601, message.getUnpackedInt32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(602, message.getUnpackedInt64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(603, message.getUnpackedUint32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(604, message.getUnpackedUint64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(605, message.getUnpackedSint32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(606, message.getUnpackedSint64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(607, message.getUnpackedFixed32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(608, message.getUnpackedFixed64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(609, message.getUnpackedSfixed32(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(610, message.getUnpackedSfixed64(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(611, message.getUnpackedFloat(0), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(612, message.getUnpackedDouble(0), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(true, message.getUnpackedBool(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, message.getUnpackedEnum(0));
+    Assert.assertEquals(701, message.getUnpackedInt32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(702, message.getUnpackedInt64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(703, message.getUnpackedUint32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(704, message.getUnpackedUint64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(705, message.getUnpackedSint32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(706, message.getUnpackedSint64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(707, message.getUnpackedFixed32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(708, message.getUnpackedFixed64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(709, message.getUnpackedSfixed32(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(710, message.getUnpackedSfixed64(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(711, message.getUnpackedFloat(1), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(712, message.getUnpackedDouble(1), 0.0);
+    Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getUnpackedBool(1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ, message.getUnpackedEnum(1));
+  }
+
+  // ===================================================================
+  // Like above, but for extensions
+
+  // Java gets confused with things like assertEquals(int, Integer):  it can't
+  // decide whether to call assertEquals(int, int) or assertEquals(Object,
+  // Object).  So we define these methods to help it.
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(int a, int b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(long a, long b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(float a, float b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b, 0.0);
+  }
+
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(double a, double b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b, 0.0);
+  }
+
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(boolean a, boolean b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(String a, String b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(ByteString a, ByteString b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum a, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnum a, ForeignEnum b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnum a, ImportEnum b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(
+      TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum a, TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnumLite a, ForeignEnumLite b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+
+  private static void assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnumLite a, ImportEnumLite b) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(a, b);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get an unmodifiable {@link ExtensionRegistry} containing all the extensions of {@code
+   * TestAllExtensions}.
+   */
+  public static ExtensionRegistryLite getExtensionRegistry() {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite registry = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+    registerAllExtensions(registry);
+    return registry.getUnmodifiable();
+  }
+
+  // BEGIN FULL-RUNTIME
+  /**
+   * Get an unmodifiable {@link ExtensionRegistry} containing all the extensions of {@code
+   * TestAllExtensions}.
+   */
+  public static ExtensionRegistry getFullExtensionRegistry() {
+    ExtensionRegistry registry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    registerAllExtensions(registry);
+    return registry.getUnmodifiable();
+  }
+  // END FULL-RUNTIME
+
+  /**
+   * Register all of {@code TestAllExtensions}'s extensions with the given {@link
+   * ExtensionRegistry}.
+   */
+  public static void registerAllExtensions(ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
+    UnittestProto.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+    TestUtilLite.registerAllExtensionsLite(registry);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set every field of {@code message} to the values expected by {@code assertAllExtensionsSet()}.
+   */
+  public static void setAllExtensions(TestAllExtensions.Builder message) {
+    message.setExtension(optionalInt32Extension, 101);
+    message.setExtension(optionalInt64Extension, 102L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalUint32Extension, 103);
+    message.setExtension(optionalUint64Extension, 104L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalSint32Extension, 105);
+    message.setExtension(optionalSint64Extension, 106L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalFixed32Extension, 107);
+    message.setExtension(optionalFixed64Extension, 108L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalSfixed32Extension, 109);
+    message.setExtension(optionalSfixed64Extension, 110L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalFloatExtension, 111F);
+    message.setExtension(optionalDoubleExtension, 112D);
+    message.setExtension(optionalBoolExtension, true);
+    message.setExtension(optionalStringExtension, "115");
+    message.setExtension(optionalBytesExtension, toBytes("116"));
+
+    message.setExtension(
+        optionalGroupExtension, OptionalGroup_extension.newBuilder().setA(117).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        optionalNestedMessageExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(118).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        optionalForeignMessageExtension, ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(119).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        optionalImportMessageExtension, ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(120).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        optionalPublicImportMessageExtension, PublicImportMessage.newBuilder().setE(126).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        optionalLazyMessageExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(127).build());
+
+    message.setExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    message.setExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtension, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ);
+    message.setExtension(optionalImportEnumExtension, ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ);
+
+    message.setExtension(optionalStringPieceExtension, "124");
+    message.setExtension(optionalCordExtension, "125");
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedInt32Extension, 201);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedInt64Extension, 202L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedUint32Extension, 203);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedUint64Extension, 204L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSint32Extension, 205);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSint64Extension, 206L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension, 207);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension, 208L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension, 209);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension, 210L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFloatExtension, 211F);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension, 212D);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedBoolExtension, true);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedStringExtension, "215");
+    message.addExtension(repeatedBytesExtension, toBytes("216"));
+
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedGroupExtension, RepeatedGroup_extension.newBuilder().setA(217).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedNestedMessageExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(218).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedForeignMessageExtension, ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(219).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedImportMessageExtension, ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(220).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedLazyMessageExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(227).build());
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension, ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR);
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension, "224");
+    message.addExtension(repeatedCordExtension, "225");
+
+    // Add a second one of each field.
+    message.addExtension(repeatedInt32Extension, 301);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedInt64Extension, 302L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedUint32Extension, 303);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedUint64Extension, 304L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSint32Extension, 305);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSint64Extension, 306L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension, 307);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension, 308L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension, 309);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension, 310L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFloatExtension, 311F);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension, 312D);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedBoolExtension, false);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedStringExtension, "315");
+    message.addExtension(repeatedBytesExtension, toBytes("316"));
+
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedGroupExtension, RepeatedGroup_extension.newBuilder().setA(317).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedNestedMessageExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(318).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedForeignMessageExtension, ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(319).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedImportMessageExtension, ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(320).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedLazyMessageExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(327).build());
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension, ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ);
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension, "324");
+    message.addExtension(repeatedCordExtension, "325");
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    message.setExtension(defaultInt32Extension, 401);
+    message.setExtension(defaultInt64Extension, 402L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultUint32Extension, 403);
+    message.setExtension(defaultUint64Extension, 404L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultSint32Extension, 405);
+    message.setExtension(defaultSint64Extension, 406L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultFixed32Extension, 407);
+    message.setExtension(defaultFixed64Extension, 408L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultSfixed32Extension, 409);
+    message.setExtension(defaultSfixed64Extension, 410L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultFloatExtension, 411F);
+    message.setExtension(defaultDoubleExtension, 412D);
+    message.setExtension(defaultBoolExtension, false);
+    message.setExtension(defaultStringExtension, "415");
+    message.setExtension(defaultBytesExtension, toBytes("416"));
+
+    message.setExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    message.setExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtension, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+    message.setExtension(defaultImportEnumExtension, ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO);
+
+    message.setExtension(defaultStringPieceExtension, "424");
+    message.setExtension(defaultCordExtension, "425");
+
+    message.setExtension(oneofUint32Extension, 601);
+    message.setExtension(
+        oneofNestedMessageExtension, TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(602).build());
+    message.setExtension(oneofStringExtension, "603");
+    message.setExtension(oneofBytesExtension, toBytes("604"));
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Modify the repeated extensions of {@code message} to contain the values expected by {@code
+   * assertRepeatedExtensionsModified()}.
+   */
+  public static void modifyRepeatedExtensions(TestAllExtensions.Builder message) {
+    message.setExtension(repeatedInt32Extension, 1, 501);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedInt64Extension, 1, 502L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedUint32Extension, 1, 503);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedUint64Extension, 1, 504L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedSint32Extension, 1, 505);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedSint64Extension, 1, 506L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension, 1, 507);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension, 1, 508L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension, 1, 509);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension, 1, 510L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedFloatExtension, 1, 511F);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension, 1, 512D);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedBoolExtension, 1, true);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedStringExtension, 1, "515");
+    message.setExtension(repeatedBytesExtension, 1, toBytes("516"));
+
+    message.setExtension(
+        repeatedGroupExtension, 1, RepeatedGroup_extension.newBuilder().setA(517).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        repeatedNestedMessageExtension,
+        1,
+        TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(518).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        repeatedForeignMessageExtension, 1, ForeignMessage.newBuilder().setC(519).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        repeatedImportMessageExtension, 1, ImportMessage.newBuilder().setD(520).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        repeatedLazyMessageExtension,
+        1,
+        TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(527).build());
+
+    message.setExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension, 1, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension, 1, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension, 1, ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO);
+
+    message.setExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension, 1, "524");
+    message.setExtension(repeatedCordExtension, 1, "525");
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all extensions of {@code message} are set to
+   * the values assigned by {@code setAllExtensions}.
+   */
+  public static void assertAllExtensionsSet(TestAllExtensionsOrBuilder message) {
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalInt32Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalInt64Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalUint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalUint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalSint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalSint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalFixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalFixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalFloatExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalDoubleExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalBoolExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalStringExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalBytesExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalGroupExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalImportMessageExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getExtension(optionalGroupExtension).hasA());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtension).hasBb());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtension).hasC());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getExtension(optionalImportMessageExtension).hasD());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalImportEnumExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalStringPieceExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalCordExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(101, message.getExtension(optionalInt32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(102L, message.getExtension(optionalInt64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(103, message.getExtension(optionalUint32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(104L, message.getExtension(optionalUint64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(105, message.getExtension(optionalSint32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(106L, message.getExtension(optionalSint64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(107, message.getExtension(optionalFixed32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(108L, message.getExtension(optionalFixed64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(109, message.getExtension(optionalSfixed32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(110L, message.getExtension(optionalSfixed64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(111F, message.getExtension(optionalFloatExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(112D, message.getExtension(optionalDoubleExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true, message.getExtension(optionalBoolExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType("115", message.getExtension(optionalStringExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("116"), message.getExtension(optionalBytesExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(117, message.getExtension(optionalGroupExtension).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(118, message.getExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtension).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(119, message.getExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtension).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(120, message.getExtension(optionalImportMessageExtension).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(126, message.getExtension(optionalPublicImportMessageExtension).getE());
+    assertEqualsExactType(127, message.getExtension(optionalLazyMessageExtension).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ, message.getExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ, message.getExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ, message.getExtension(optionalImportEnumExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("124", message.getExtension(optionalStringPieceExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType("125", message.getExtension(optionalCordExtension));
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFloatExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedDoubleExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBoolExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBytesExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedGroupExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedLazyMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportEnumExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringPieceExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedCordExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(201, message.getExtension(repeatedInt32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(202L, message.getExtension(repeatedInt64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(203, message.getExtension(repeatedUint32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(204L, message.getExtension(repeatedUint64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(205, message.getExtension(repeatedSint32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(206L, message.getExtension(repeatedSint64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(207, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(208L, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(209, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(210L, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(211F, message.getExtension(repeatedFloatExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(212D, message.getExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true, message.getExtension(repeatedBoolExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType("215", message.getExtension(repeatedStringExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("216"), message.getExtension(repeatedBytesExtension, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(217, message.getExtension(repeatedGroupExtension, 0).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(218, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtension, 0).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(219, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtension, 0).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(220, message.getExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtension, 0).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(227, message.getExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtension, 0).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR, message.getExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("224", message.getExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType("225", message.getExtension(repeatedCordExtension, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(301, message.getExtension(repeatedInt32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(302L, message.getExtension(repeatedInt64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(303, message.getExtension(repeatedUint32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(304L, message.getExtension(repeatedUint64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(305, message.getExtension(repeatedSint32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(306L, message.getExtension(repeatedSint64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(307, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(308L, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(309, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(310L, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(311F, message.getExtension(repeatedFloatExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(312D, message.getExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(false, message.getExtension(repeatedBoolExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType("315", message.getExtension(repeatedStringExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("316"), message.getExtension(repeatedBytesExtension, 1));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(317, message.getExtension(repeatedGroupExtension, 1).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(318, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtension, 1).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(319, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtension, 1).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(320, message.getExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtension, 1).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(327, message.getExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtension, 1).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAZ, message.getExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension, 1));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("324", message.getExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType("325", message.getExtension(repeatedCordExtension, 1));
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultInt32Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultInt64Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultUint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultUint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultSint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultSint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultFixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultFixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultFloatExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultDoubleExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultBoolExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultStringExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultBytesExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultImportEnumExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultStringPieceExtension));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultCordExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(401, message.getExtension(defaultInt32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(402L, message.getExtension(defaultInt64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(403, message.getExtension(defaultUint32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(404L, message.getExtension(defaultUint64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(405, message.getExtension(defaultSint32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(406L, message.getExtension(defaultSint64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(407, message.getExtension(defaultFixed32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(408L, message.getExtension(defaultFixed64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(409, message.getExtension(defaultSfixed32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(410L, message.getExtension(defaultSfixed64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(411F, message.getExtension(defaultFloatExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(412D, message.getExtension(defaultDoubleExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(false, message.getExtension(defaultBoolExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType("415", message.getExtension(defaultStringExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("416"), message.getExtension(defaultBytesExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, message.getExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO, message.getExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO, message.getExtension(defaultImportEnumExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("424", message.getExtension(defaultStringPieceExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType("425", message.getExtension(defaultCordExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(oneofBytesExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("604"), message.getExtension(oneofBytesExtension));
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all extensions of {@code message} are
+   * cleared, and that getting the extensions returns their default values.
+   */
+  public static void assertExtensionsClear(TestAllExtensionsOrBuilder message) {
+    // hasBlah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalInt32Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalInt64Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalUint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalUint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalSint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalSint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalFixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalFixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalFloatExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalDoubleExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalBoolExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalStringExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalBytesExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalGroupExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalImportMessageExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalImportEnumExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalStringPieceExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalCordExtension));
+
+    // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalInt32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L, message.getExtension(optionalInt64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalUint32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L, message.getExtension(optionalUint64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalSint32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L, message.getExtension(optionalSint64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalFixed32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L, message.getExtension(optionalFixed64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalSfixed32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L, message.getExtension(optionalSfixed64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0F, message.getExtension(optionalFloatExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0D, message.getExtension(optionalDoubleExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(false, message.getExtension(optionalBoolExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType("", message.getExtension(optionalStringExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getExtension(optionalBytesExtension));
+
+    // Embedded messages should also be clear.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getExtension(optionalGroupExtension).hasA());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtension).hasBb());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtension).hasC());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getExtension(optionalImportMessageExtension).hasD());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalGroupExtension).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtension).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtension).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalImportMessageExtension).getD());
+
+    // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, message.getExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO, message.getExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO, message.getExtension(optionalImportEnumExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("", message.getExtension(optionalStringPieceExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType("", message.getExtension(optionalCordExtension));
+
+    // Repeated fields are empty.
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFloatExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedDoubleExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBoolExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBytesExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedGroupExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedLazyMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportEnumExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringPieceExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedCordExtension));
+
+    // Repeated fields are empty via getExtension().size().
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedInt32Extension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedInt64Extension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedUint32Extension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedUint64Extension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedSint32Extension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedSint64Extension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedFloatExtension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedBoolExtension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedStringExtension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedBytesExtension).size());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedGroupExtension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension).size());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension).size());
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtension(repeatedCordExtension).size());
+
+    // hasBlah() should also be false for all default fields.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultInt32Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultInt64Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultUint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultUint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultSint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultSint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultFixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultFixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultFloatExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultDoubleExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultBoolExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultStringExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultBytesExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultImportEnumExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultStringPieceExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultCordExtension));
+
+    // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+    assertEqualsExactType(41, message.getExtension(defaultInt32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(42L, message.getExtension(defaultInt64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(43, message.getExtension(defaultUint32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(44L, message.getExtension(defaultUint64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(-45, message.getExtension(defaultSint32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(46L, message.getExtension(defaultSint64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(47, message.getExtension(defaultFixed32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(48L, message.getExtension(defaultFixed64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(49, message.getExtension(defaultSfixed32Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(-50L, message.getExtension(defaultSfixed64Extension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(51.5F, message.getExtension(defaultFloatExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(52e3D, message.getExtension(defaultDoubleExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true, message.getExtension(defaultBoolExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType("hello", message.getExtension(defaultStringExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("world"), message.getExtension(defaultBytesExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, message.getExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR, message.getExtension(defaultImportEnumExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("abc", message.getExtension(defaultStringPieceExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType("123", message.getExtension(defaultCordExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(oneofUint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(oneofNestedMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(oneofStringExtension));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(oneofBytesExtension));
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all extensions of {@code message} are set to
+   * the values assigned by {@code setAllExtensions} followed by {@code modifyRepeatedExtensions}.
+   */
+  public static void assertRepeatedExtensionsModified(TestAllExtensionsOrBuilder message) {
+    // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
+    // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
+    // element and size were *not* modified.
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFloatExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedDoubleExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBoolExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBytesExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedGroupExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedLazyMessageExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignEnumExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportEnumExtension));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringPieceExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedCordExtension));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(201, message.getExtension(repeatedInt32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(202L, message.getExtension(repeatedInt64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(203, message.getExtension(repeatedUint32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(204L, message.getExtension(repeatedUint64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(205, message.getExtension(repeatedSint32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(206L, message.getExtension(repeatedSint64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(207, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(208L, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(209, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(210L, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(211F, message.getExtension(repeatedFloatExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(212D, message.getExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true, message.getExtension(repeatedBoolExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType("215", message.getExtension(repeatedStringExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("216"), message.getExtension(repeatedBytesExtension, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(217, message.getExtension(repeatedGroupExtension, 0).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(218, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtension, 0).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(219, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtension, 0).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(220, message.getExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtension, 0).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(227, message.getExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtension, 0).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ImportEnum.IMPORT_BAR, message.getExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("224", message.getExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType("225", message.getExtension(repeatedCordExtension, 0));
+
+    // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+    assertEqualsExactType(501, message.getExtension(repeatedInt32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(502L, message.getExtension(repeatedInt64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(503, message.getExtension(repeatedUint32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(504L, message.getExtension(repeatedUint64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(505, message.getExtension(repeatedSint32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(506L, message.getExtension(repeatedSint64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(507, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(508L, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(509, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(510L, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(511F, message.getExtension(repeatedFloatExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(512D, message.getExtension(repeatedDoubleExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true, message.getExtension(repeatedBoolExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType("515", message.getExtension(repeatedStringExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("516"), message.getExtension(repeatedBytesExtension, 1));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(517, message.getExtension(repeatedGroupExtension, 1).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(518, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtension, 1).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(519, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtension, 1).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(520, message.getExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtension, 1).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(527, message.getExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtension, 1).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ImportEnum.IMPORT_FOO, message.getExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtension, 1));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("524", message.getExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType("525", message.getExtension(repeatedCordExtension, 1));
+  }
+
+  public static void setPackedExtensions(TestPackedExtensions.Builder message) {
+    message.addExtension(packedInt32Extension, 601);
+    message.addExtension(packedInt64Extension, 602L);
+    message.addExtension(packedUint32Extension, 603);
+    message.addExtension(packedUint64Extension, 604L);
+    message.addExtension(packedSint32Extension, 605);
+    message.addExtension(packedSint64Extension, 606L);
+    message.addExtension(packedFixed32Extension, 607);
+    message.addExtension(packedFixed64Extension, 608L);
+    message.addExtension(packedSfixed32Extension, 609);
+    message.addExtension(packedSfixed64Extension, 610L);
+    message.addExtension(packedFloatExtension, 611F);
+    message.addExtension(packedDoubleExtension, 612D);
+    message.addExtension(packedBoolExtension, true);
+    message.addExtension(packedEnumExtension, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR);
+    // Add a second one of each field.
+    message.addExtension(packedInt32Extension, 701);
+    message.addExtension(packedInt64Extension, 702L);
+    message.addExtension(packedUint32Extension, 703);
+    message.addExtension(packedUint64Extension, 704L);
+    message.addExtension(packedSint32Extension, 705);
+    message.addExtension(packedSint64Extension, 706L);
+    message.addExtension(packedFixed32Extension, 707);
+    message.addExtension(packedFixed64Extension, 708L);
+    message.addExtension(packedSfixed32Extension, 709);
+    message.addExtension(packedSfixed64Extension, 710L);
+    message.addExtension(packedFloatExtension, 711F);
+    message.addExtension(packedDoubleExtension, 712D);
+    message.addExtension(packedBoolExtension, false);
+    message.addExtension(packedEnumExtension, ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  }
+
+  public static void assertPackedExtensionsSet(TestPackedExtensions message) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedInt32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedInt64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedUint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedUint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedSint32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedSint64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedFixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedFixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedSfixed32Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedSfixed64Extension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedFloatExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedDoubleExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedBoolExtension));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedEnumExtension));
+    assertEqualsExactType(601, message.getExtension(packedInt32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(602L, message.getExtension(packedInt64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(603, message.getExtension(packedUint32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(604L, message.getExtension(packedUint64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(605, message.getExtension(packedSint32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(606L, message.getExtension(packedSint64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(607, message.getExtension(packedFixed32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(608L, message.getExtension(packedFixed64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(609, message.getExtension(packedSfixed32Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(610L, message.getExtension(packedSfixed64Extension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(611F, message.getExtension(packedFloatExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(612D, message.getExtension(packedDoubleExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true, message.getExtension(packedBoolExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR, message.getExtension(packedEnumExtension, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(701, message.getExtension(packedInt32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(702L, message.getExtension(packedInt64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(703, message.getExtension(packedUint32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(704L, message.getExtension(packedUint64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(705, message.getExtension(packedSint32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(706L, message.getExtension(packedSint64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(707, message.getExtension(packedFixed32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(708L, message.getExtension(packedFixed64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(709, message.getExtension(packedSfixed32Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(710L, message.getExtension(packedSfixed64Extension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(711F, message.getExtension(packedFloatExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(712D, message.getExtension(packedDoubleExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(false, message.getExtension(packedBoolExtension, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ, message.getExtension(packedEnumExtension, 1));
+  }
+
+  // ===================================================================
+  // Lite extensions
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all extensions of {@code message} are set to
+   * the values assigned by {@code setAllExtensions}.
+   */
+  public static void assertAllExtensionsSet(TestAllExtensionsLiteOrBuilder message) {
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalInt64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalUint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalUint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalSint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalSint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalFixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalFixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalSfixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalSfixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalFloatExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalDoubleExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalBoolExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalStringExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalBytesExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalGroupExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalImportMessageExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getExtension(optionalGroupExtensionLite).hasA());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite).hasBb());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtensionLite).hasC());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getExtension(optionalImportMessageExtensionLite).hasD());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalImportEnumExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalStringPieceExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(optionalCordExtensionLite));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(101, message.getExtension(optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(102L, message.getExtension(optionalInt64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(103, message.getExtension(optionalUint32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(104L, message.getExtension(optionalUint64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(105, message.getExtension(optionalSint32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(106L, message.getExtension(optionalSint64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(107, message.getExtension(optionalFixed32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(108L, message.getExtension(optionalFixed64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(109, message.getExtension(optionalSfixed32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(110L, message.getExtension(optionalSfixed64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(111F, message.getExtension(optionalFloatExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(112D, message.getExtension(optionalDoubleExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true, message.getExtension(optionalBoolExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType("115", message.getExtension(optionalStringExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("116"), message.getExtension(optionalBytesExtensionLite));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(117, message.getExtension(optionalGroupExtensionLite).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(118, message.getExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(119, message.getExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtensionLite).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(120, message.getExtension(optionalImportMessageExtensionLite).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        126, message.getExtension(optionalPublicImportMessageExtensionLite).getE());
+    assertEqualsExactType(127, message.getExtension(optionalLazyMessageExtensionLite).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.BAZ, message.getExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ, message.getExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_BAZ, message.getExtension(optionalImportEnumExtensionLite));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("124", message.getExtension(optionalStringPieceExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType("125", message.getExtension(optionalCordExtensionLite));
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFloatExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedDoubleExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBoolExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBytesExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedGroupExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedLazyMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedEnumExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignEnumExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportEnumExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringPieceExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedCordExtensionLite));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(201, message.getExtension(repeatedInt32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(202L, message.getExtension(repeatedInt64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(203, message.getExtension(repeatedUint32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(204L, message.getExtension(repeatedUint64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(205, message.getExtension(repeatedSint32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(206L, message.getExtension(repeatedSint64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(207, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(208L, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(209, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(210L, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(211F, message.getExtension(repeatedFloatExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(212D, message.getExtension(repeatedDoubleExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true, message.getExtension(repeatedBoolExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType("215", message.getExtension(repeatedStringExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("216"), message.getExtension(repeatedBytesExtensionLite, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(217, message.getExtension(repeatedGroupExtensionLite, 0).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(218, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtensionLite, 0).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(219, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtensionLite, 0).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(220, message.getExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtensionLite, 0).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(227, message.getExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtensionLite, 0).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR,
+        message.getExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_BAR, message.getExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtensionLite, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("224", message.getExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType("225", message.getExtension(repeatedCordExtensionLite, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(301, message.getExtension(repeatedInt32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(302L, message.getExtension(repeatedInt64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(303, message.getExtension(repeatedUint32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(304L, message.getExtension(repeatedUint64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(305, message.getExtension(repeatedSint32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(306L, message.getExtension(repeatedSint64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(307, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(308L, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(309, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(310L, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(311F, message.getExtension(repeatedFloatExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(312D, message.getExtension(repeatedDoubleExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(false, message.getExtension(repeatedBoolExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType("315", message.getExtension(repeatedStringExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("316"), message.getExtension(repeatedBytesExtensionLite, 1));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(317, message.getExtension(repeatedGroupExtensionLite, 1).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(318, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtensionLite, 1).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(319, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtensionLite, 1).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(320, message.getExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtensionLite, 1).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(327, message.getExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtensionLite, 1).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.BAZ, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ,
+        message.getExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_BAZ, message.getExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtensionLite, 1));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("324", message.getExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType("325", message.getExtension(repeatedCordExtensionLite, 1));
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultInt32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultInt64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultUint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultUint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultSint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultSint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultFixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultFixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultSfixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultSfixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultFloatExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultDoubleExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultBoolExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultStringExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultBytesExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultImportEnumExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultStringPieceExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(defaultCordExtensionLite));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(401, message.getExtension(defaultInt32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(402L, message.getExtension(defaultInt64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(403, message.getExtension(defaultUint32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(404L, message.getExtension(defaultUint64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(405, message.getExtension(defaultSint32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(406L, message.getExtension(defaultSint64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(407, message.getExtension(defaultFixed32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(408L, message.getExtension(defaultFixed64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(409, message.getExtension(defaultSfixed32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(410L, message.getExtension(defaultSfixed64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(411F, message.getExtension(defaultFloatExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(412D, message.getExtension(defaultDoubleExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(false, message.getExtension(defaultBoolExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType("415", message.getExtension(defaultStringExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("416"), message.getExtension(defaultBytesExtensionLite));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.FOO, message.getExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_FOO, message.getExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_FOO, message.getExtension(defaultImportEnumExtensionLite));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("424", message.getExtension(defaultStringPieceExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType("425", message.getExtension(defaultCordExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasExtension(oneofBytesExtensionLite));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("604"), message.getExtension(oneofBytesExtensionLite));
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all extensions of {@code message} are
+   * cleared, and that getting the extensions returns their default values.
+   */
+  public static void assertExtensionsClear(TestAllExtensionsLiteOrBuilder message) {
+    // hasBlah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalInt64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalUint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalUint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalSint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalSint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalFixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalFixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalSfixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalSfixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalFloatExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalDoubleExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalBoolExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalStringExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalBytesExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalGroupExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalImportMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalPublicImportMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalLazyMessageExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalImportEnumExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalStringPieceExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(optionalCordExtensionLite));
+
+    // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L, message.getExtension(optionalInt64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalUint32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L, message.getExtension(optionalUint64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalSint32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L, message.getExtension(optionalSint64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalFixed32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L, message.getExtension(optionalFixed64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalSfixed32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0L, message.getExtension(optionalSfixed64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0F, message.getExtension(optionalFloatExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(0D, message.getExtension(optionalDoubleExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(false, message.getExtension(optionalBoolExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType("", message.getExtension(optionalStringExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getExtension(optionalBytesExtensionLite));
+
+    // Embedded messages should also be clear.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getExtension(optionalGroupExtensionLite).hasA());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite).hasBb());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtensionLite).hasC());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getExtension(optionalImportMessageExtensionLite).hasD());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getExtension(optionalPublicImportMessageExtensionLite).hasE());
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.getExtension(optionalLazyMessageExtensionLite).hasBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalGroupExtensionLite).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalForeignMessageExtensionLite).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalImportMessageExtensionLite).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalPublicImportMessageExtensionLite).getE());
+    assertEqualsExactType(0, message.getExtension(optionalLazyMessageExtensionLite).getBb());
+
+    // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.FOO, message.getExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_FOO, message.getExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_FOO, message.getExtension(optionalImportEnumExtensionLite));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("", message.getExtension(optionalStringPieceExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType("", message.getExtension(optionalCordExtensionLite));
+
+    // Repeated fields are empty.
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFloatExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedDoubleExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBoolExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBytesExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedGroupExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedLazyMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedEnumExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignEnumExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportEnumExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringPieceExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedCordExtensionLite));
+
+    // hasBlah() should also be false for all default fields.
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultInt32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultInt64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultUint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultUint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultSint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultSint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultFixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultFixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultSfixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultSfixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultFloatExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultDoubleExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultBoolExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultStringExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultBytesExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultImportEnumExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultStringPieceExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(defaultCordExtensionLite));
+
+    // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+    assertEqualsExactType(41, message.getExtension(defaultInt32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(42L, message.getExtension(defaultInt64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(43, message.getExtension(defaultUint32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(44L, message.getExtension(defaultUint64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(-45, message.getExtension(defaultSint32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(46L, message.getExtension(defaultSint64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(47, message.getExtension(defaultFixed32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(48L, message.getExtension(defaultFixed64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(49, message.getExtension(defaultSfixed32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(-50L, message.getExtension(defaultSfixed64ExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(51.5F, message.getExtension(defaultFloatExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(52e3D, message.getExtension(defaultDoubleExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true, message.getExtension(defaultBoolExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType("hello", message.getExtension(defaultStringExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("world"), message.getExtension(defaultBytesExtensionLite));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR, message.getExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_BAR, message.getExtension(defaultImportEnumExtensionLite));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("abc", message.getExtension(defaultStringPieceExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType("123", message.getExtension(defaultCordExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(oneofUint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(oneofNestedMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(oneofStringExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertFalse(message.hasExtension(oneofBytesExtensionLite));
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all extensions of {@code message} are set to
+   * the values assigned by {@code setAllExtensions} followed by {@code modifyRepeatedExtensions}.
+   */
+  public static void assertRepeatedExtensionsModified(TestAllExtensionsLiteOrBuilder message) {
+    // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
+    // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
+    // element and size were *not* modified.
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedInt64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedUint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedSfixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedFloatExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedDoubleExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBoolExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedBytesExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedGroupExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedLazyMessageExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedNestedEnumExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedForeignEnumExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedImportEnumExtensionLite));
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedStringPieceExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(repeatedCordExtensionLite));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(201, message.getExtension(repeatedInt32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(202L, message.getExtension(repeatedInt64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(203, message.getExtension(repeatedUint32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(204L, message.getExtension(repeatedUint64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(205, message.getExtension(repeatedSint32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(206L, message.getExtension(repeatedSint64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(207, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(208L, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(209, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(210L, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(211F, message.getExtension(repeatedFloatExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(212D, message.getExtension(repeatedDoubleExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true, message.getExtension(repeatedBoolExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType("215", message.getExtension(repeatedStringExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("216"), message.getExtension(repeatedBytesExtensionLite, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(217, message.getExtension(repeatedGroupExtensionLite, 0).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(218, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtensionLite, 0).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(219, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtensionLite, 0).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(220, message.getExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtensionLite, 0).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(227, message.getExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtensionLite, 0).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR,
+        message.getExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_BAR, message.getExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtensionLite, 0));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("224", message.getExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType("225", message.getExtension(repeatedCordExtensionLite, 0));
+
+    // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+    assertEqualsExactType(501, message.getExtension(repeatedInt32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(502L, message.getExtension(repeatedInt64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(503, message.getExtension(repeatedUint32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(504L, message.getExtension(repeatedUint64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(505, message.getExtension(repeatedSint32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(506L, message.getExtension(repeatedSint64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(507, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(508L, message.getExtension(repeatedFixed64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(509, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(510L, message.getExtension(repeatedSfixed64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(511F, message.getExtension(repeatedFloatExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(512D, message.getExtension(repeatedDoubleExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true, message.getExtension(repeatedBoolExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType("515", message.getExtension(repeatedStringExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(toBytes("516"), message.getExtension(repeatedBytesExtensionLite, 1));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(517, message.getExtension(repeatedGroupExtensionLite, 1).getA());
+    assertEqualsExactType(518, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedMessageExtensionLite, 1).getBb());
+    assertEqualsExactType(519, message.getExtension(repeatedForeignMessageExtensionLite, 1).getC());
+    assertEqualsExactType(520, message.getExtension(repeatedImportMessageExtensionLite, 1).getD());
+    assertEqualsExactType(527, message.getExtension(repeatedLazyMessageExtensionLite, 1).getBb());
+
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.FOO, message.getExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_FOO,
+        message.getExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_FOO, message.getExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtensionLite, 1));
+
+    assertEqualsExactType("524", message.getExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType("525", message.getExtension(repeatedCordExtensionLite, 1));
+  }
+
+  public static void assertPackedExtensionsSet(TestPackedExtensionsLite message) {
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedInt32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedInt64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedUint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedUint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedSint32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedSint64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedFixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedFixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedSfixed32ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedSfixed64ExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedFloatExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedDoubleExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedBoolExtensionLite));
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getExtensionCount(packedEnumExtensionLite));
+    assertEqualsExactType(601, message.getExtension(packedInt32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(602L, message.getExtension(packedInt64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(603, message.getExtension(packedUint32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(604L, message.getExtension(packedUint64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(605, message.getExtension(packedSint32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(606L, message.getExtension(packedSint64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(607, message.getExtension(packedFixed32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(608L, message.getExtension(packedFixed64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(609, message.getExtension(packedSfixed32ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(610L, message.getExtension(packedSfixed64ExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(611F, message.getExtension(packedFloatExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(612D, message.getExtension(packedDoubleExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(true, message.getExtension(packedBoolExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR, message.getExtension(packedEnumExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEqualsExactType(701, message.getExtension(packedInt32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(702L, message.getExtension(packedInt64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(703, message.getExtension(packedUint32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(704L, message.getExtension(packedUint64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(705, message.getExtension(packedSint32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(706L, message.getExtension(packedSint64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(707, message.getExtension(packedFixed32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(708L, message.getExtension(packedFixed64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(709, message.getExtension(packedSfixed32ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(710L, message.getExtension(packedSfixed64ExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(711F, message.getExtension(packedFloatExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(712D, message.getExtension(packedDoubleExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(false, message.getExtension(packedBoolExtensionLite, 1));
+    assertEqualsExactType(
+        ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ, message.getExtension(packedEnumExtensionLite, 1));
+  }
+
+  // ===================================================================
+  // oneof
+  public static void setOneof(TestOneof2.Builder message) {
+    message.setFooLazyMessage(TestOneof2.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setQuxInt(100).build());
+    message.setBarString("101");
+    message.setBazInt(102);
+    message.setBazString("103");
+  }
+
+  public static void assertOneofSet(TestOneof2 message) {
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasFooLazyMessage());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.getFooLazyMessage().hasQuxInt());
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasBarString());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasBazInt());
+    Assert.assertTrue(message.hasBazString());
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(100, message.getFooLazyMessage().getQuxInt());
+    Assert.assertEquals("101", message.getBarString());
+    Assert.assertEquals(102, message.getBazInt());
+    Assert.assertEquals("103", message.getBazString());
+  }
+
+  public static void assertAtMostOneFieldSetOneof(TestOneof2 message) {
+    int count = 0;
+    if (message.hasFooInt()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    if (message.hasFooString()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    if (message.hasFooCord()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    if (message.hasFooStringPiece()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    if (message.hasFooBytes()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    if (message.hasFooEnum()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    if (message.hasFooMessage()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    if (message.hasFooGroup()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    if (message.hasFooLazyMessage()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    Assert.assertTrue(count <= 1);
+
+    count = 0;
+    if (message.hasBarInt()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    if (message.hasBarString()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    if (message.hasBarCord()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    if (message.hasBarStringPiece()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    if (message.hasBarBytes()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    if (message.hasBarEnum()) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+    Assert.assertTrue(count <= 1);
+
+    switch (message.getFooCase()) {
+      case FOO_INT:
+        Assert.assertTrue(message.hasFooInt());
+        break;
+      case FOO_STRING:
+        Assert.assertTrue(message.hasFooString());
+        break;
+      case FOO_CORD:
+        Assert.assertTrue(message.hasFooCord());
+        break;
+      case FOO_STRING_PIECE:
+        Assert.assertTrue(message.hasFooStringPiece());
+        break;
+      case FOO_BYTES:
+        Assert.assertTrue(message.hasFooBytes());
+        break;
+      case FOO_ENUM:
+        Assert.assertTrue(message.hasFooEnum());
+        break;
+      case FOO_MESSAGE:
+        Assert.assertTrue(message.hasFooMessage());
+        break;
+      case FOOGROUP:
+        Assert.assertTrue(message.hasFooGroup());
+        break;
+      case FOO_LAZY_MESSAGE:
+        Assert.assertTrue(message.hasFooLazyMessage());
+        break;
+      case FOO_NOT_SET:
+        break;
+        // TODO(b/18683919): go/enum-switch-lsc
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // BEGIN FULL-RUNTIME
+
+  /**
+   * Performs the same things that the methods of {@code TestUtil} do, but via the reflection
+   * interface. This is its own class because it needs to know what descriptor to use.
+   */
+  public static class ReflectionTester {
+    private final Descriptors.Descriptor baseDescriptor;
+    private final ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry;
+
+    private final Descriptors.FileDescriptor file;
+    private final Descriptors.FileDescriptor importFile;
+    private final Descriptors.FileDescriptor publicImportFile;
+
+    private final Descriptors.Descriptor optionalGroup;
+    private final Descriptors.Descriptor repeatedGroup;
+    private final Descriptors.Descriptor nestedMessage;
+    private final Descriptors.Descriptor foreignMessage;
+    private final Descriptors.Descriptor importMessage;
+    private final Descriptors.Descriptor publicImportMessage;
+
+    private final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor groupA;
+    private final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor repeatedGroupA;
+    private final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor nestedB;
+    private final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor foreignC;
+    private final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor importD;
+    private final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor importE;
+
+    private final Descriptors.EnumDescriptor nestedEnum;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumDescriptor foreignEnum;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumDescriptor importEnum;
+
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor nestedFoo;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor nestedBar;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor nestedBaz;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor foreignFoo;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor foreignBar;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor foreignBaz;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor importFoo;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor importBar;
+    private final Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor importBaz;
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a {@code ReflectionTester} that will expect messages using the given descriptor.
+     *
+     * <p>Normally {@code baseDescriptor} should be a descriptor for the type {@code TestAllTypes},
+     * defined in {@code google/protobuf/unittest.proto}. However, if {@code extensionRegistry}
+     * is non-null, then {@code baseDescriptor} should be for {@code TestAllExtensions} instead, and
+     * instead of reading and writing normal fields, the tester will read and write extensions. All
+     * of {@code TestAllExtensions}' extensions must be registered in the registry.
+     */
+    public ReflectionTester(
+        Descriptors.Descriptor baseDescriptor, ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry) {
+      this.baseDescriptor = baseDescriptor;
+      this.extensionRegistry = extensionRegistry;
+
+      this.file = baseDescriptor.getFile();
+      Assert.assertEquals(1, file.getDependencies().size());
+      this.importFile = file.getDependencies().get(0);
+      this.publicImportFile = importFile.getDependencies().get(0);
+
+      Descriptors.Descriptor testAllTypes;
+      if ("TestAllTypes".equals(baseDescriptor.getName())) {
+        testAllTypes = baseDescriptor;
+      } else {
+        testAllTypes = file.findMessageTypeByName("TestAllTypes");
+        Assert.assertNotNull(testAllTypes);
+      }
+
+      if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+        // Use testAllTypes, rather than baseDescriptor, to allow
+        // initialization using TestPackedTypes descriptors. These objects
+        // won't be used by the methods for packed fields.
+        this.optionalGroup = testAllTypes.findNestedTypeByName("OptionalGroup");
+        this.repeatedGroup = testAllTypes.findNestedTypeByName("RepeatedGroup");
+      } else {
+        this.optionalGroup = file.findMessageTypeByName("OptionalGroup_extension");
+        this.repeatedGroup = file.findMessageTypeByName("RepeatedGroup_extension");
+      }
+      this.nestedMessage = testAllTypes.findNestedTypeByName("NestedMessage");
+      this.foreignMessage = file.findMessageTypeByName("ForeignMessage");
+      this.importMessage = importFile.findMessageTypeByName("ImportMessage");
+      this.publicImportMessage = publicImportFile.findMessageTypeByName("PublicImportMessage");
+
+      this.nestedEnum = testAllTypes.findEnumTypeByName("NestedEnum");
+      this.foreignEnum = file.findEnumTypeByName("ForeignEnum");
+      this.importEnum = importFile.findEnumTypeByName("ImportEnum");
+
+      Assert.assertNotNull(optionalGroup);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(repeatedGroup);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(nestedMessage);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(foreignMessage);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(importMessage);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(nestedEnum);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(foreignEnum);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(importEnum);
+
+      this.nestedB = nestedMessage.findFieldByName("bb");
+      this.foreignC = foreignMessage.findFieldByName("c");
+      this.importD = importMessage.findFieldByName("d");
+      this.importE = publicImportMessage.findFieldByName("e");
+      this.nestedFoo = nestedEnum.findValueByName("FOO");
+      this.nestedBar = nestedEnum.findValueByName("BAR");
+      this.nestedBaz = nestedEnum.findValueByName("BAZ");
+      this.foreignFoo = foreignEnum.findValueByName("FOREIGN_FOO");
+      this.foreignBar = foreignEnum.findValueByName("FOREIGN_BAR");
+      this.foreignBaz = foreignEnum.findValueByName("FOREIGN_BAZ");
+      this.importFoo = importEnum.findValueByName("IMPORT_FOO");
+      this.importBar = importEnum.findValueByName("IMPORT_BAR");
+      this.importBaz = importEnum.findValueByName("IMPORT_BAZ");
+
+      this.groupA = optionalGroup.findFieldByName("a");
+      this.repeatedGroupA = repeatedGroup.findFieldByName("a");
+
+      Assert.assertNotNull(groupA);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(repeatedGroupA);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(nestedB);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(foreignC);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(importD);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(importE);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(nestedFoo);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(nestedBar);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(nestedBaz);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(foreignFoo);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(foreignBar);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(foreignBaz);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(importFoo);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(importBar);
+      Assert.assertNotNull(importBaz);
+    }
+
+    /** Shorthand to get a FieldDescriptor for a field of unittest::TestAllTypes. */
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor f(String name) {
+      Descriptors.FieldDescriptor result;
+      if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+        result = baseDescriptor.findFieldByName(name);
+      } else {
+        result = file.findExtensionByName(name + "_extension");
+      }
+      Assert.assertNotNull(result);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calls {@code parent.newBuilderForField()} or uses the {@code ExtensionRegistry} to find an
+     * appropriate builder, depending on what type is being tested.
+     */
+    private Message.Builder newBuilderForField(
+        Message.Builder parent, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
+      if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+        return parent.newBuilderForField(field);
+      } else {
+        ExtensionRegistry.ExtensionInfo extension =
+            extensionRegistry.findImmutableExtensionByNumber(
+                field.getContainingType(), field.getNumber());
+        Assert.assertNotNull(extension);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(extension.defaultInstance);
+        return extension.defaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Set every field of {@code message} to the values expected by {@code assertAllFieldsSet()},
+     * using the {@link Message.Builder} reflection interface.
+     */
+    void setAllFieldsViaReflection(Message.Builder message) {
+      message.setField(f("optional_int32"), 101);
+      message.setField(f("optional_int64"), 102L);
+      message.setField(f("optional_uint32"), 103);
+      message.setField(f("optional_uint64"), 104L);
+      message.setField(f("optional_sint32"), 105);
+      message.setField(f("optional_sint64"), 106L);
+      message.setField(f("optional_fixed32"), 107);
+      message.setField(f("optional_fixed64"), 108L);
+      message.setField(f("optional_sfixed32"), 109);
+      message.setField(f("optional_sfixed64"), 110L);
+      message.setField(f("optional_float"), 111F);
+      message.setField(f("optional_double"), 112D);
+      message.setField(f("optional_bool"), true);
+      message.setField(f("optional_string"), "115");
+      message.setField(f("optional_bytes"), toBytes("116"));
+
+      message.setField(
+          f("optionalgroup"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("optionalgroup")).setField(groupA, 117).build());
+      message.setField(
+          f("optional_nested_message"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("optional_nested_message")).setField(nestedB, 118).build());
+      message.setField(
+          f("optional_foreign_message"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("optional_foreign_message"))
+              .setField(foreignC, 119)
+              .build());
+      message.setField(
+          f("optional_import_message"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("optional_import_message")).setField(importD, 120).build());
+      message.setField(
+          f("optional_public_import_message"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("optional_public_import_message"))
+              .setField(importE, 126)
+              .build());
+      message.setField(
+          f("optional_lazy_message"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("optional_lazy_message")).setField(nestedB, 127).build());
+
+      message.setField(f("optional_nested_enum"), nestedBaz);
+      message.setField(f("optional_foreign_enum"), foreignBaz);
+      message.setField(f("optional_import_enum"), importBaz);
+
+      message.setField(f("optional_string_piece"), "124");
+      message.setField(f("optional_cord"), "125");
+
+      // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_int32"), 201);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_int64"), 202L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint32"), 203);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint64"), 204L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint32"), 205);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint64"), 206L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed32"), 207);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed64"), 208L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed32"), 209);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed64"), 210L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_float"), 211F);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_double"), 212D);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_bool"), true);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"), "215");
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), toBytes("216"));
+
+      message.addRepeatedField(
+          f("repeatedgroup"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeatedgroup")).setField(repeatedGroupA, 217).build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(
+          f("repeated_nested_message"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_nested_message")).setField(nestedB, 218).build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(
+          f("repeated_foreign_message"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_foreign_message"))
+              .setField(foreignC, 219)
+              .build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(
+          f("repeated_import_message"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_import_message")).setField(importD, 220).build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(
+          f("repeated_lazy_message"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_lazy_message")).setField(nestedB, 227).build());
+
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum"), nestedBar);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_enum"), foreignBar);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_enum"), importBar);
+
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_string_piece"), "224");
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_cord"), "225");
+
+      // Add a second one of each field.
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_int32"), 301);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_int64"), 302L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint32"), 303);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint64"), 304L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint32"), 305);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint64"), 306L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed32"), 307);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed64"), 308L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed32"), 309);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed64"), 310L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_float"), 311F);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_double"), 312D);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_bool"), false);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"), "315");
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), toBytes("316"));
+
+      message.addRepeatedField(
+          f("repeatedgroup"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeatedgroup")).setField(repeatedGroupA, 317).build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(
+          f("repeated_nested_message"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_nested_message")).setField(nestedB, 318).build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(
+          f("repeated_foreign_message"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_foreign_message"))
+              .setField(foreignC, 319)
+              .build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(
+          f("repeated_import_message"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_import_message")).setField(importD, 320).build());
+      message.addRepeatedField(
+          f("repeated_lazy_message"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_lazy_message")).setField(nestedB, 327).build());
+
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum"), nestedBaz);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_enum"), foreignBaz);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_enum"), importBaz);
+
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_string_piece"), "324");
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_cord"), "325");
+
+      // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+      message.setField(f("default_int32"), 401);
+      message.setField(f("default_int64"), 402L);
+      message.setField(f("default_uint32"), 403);
+      message.setField(f("default_uint64"), 404L);
+      message.setField(f("default_sint32"), 405);
+      message.setField(f("default_sint64"), 406L);
+      message.setField(f("default_fixed32"), 407);
+      message.setField(f("default_fixed64"), 408L);
+      message.setField(f("default_sfixed32"), 409);
+      message.setField(f("default_sfixed64"), 410L);
+      message.setField(f("default_float"), 411F);
+      message.setField(f("default_double"), 412D);
+      message.setField(f("default_bool"), false);
+      message.setField(f("default_string"), "415");
+      message.setField(f("default_bytes"), toBytes("416"));
+
+      message.setField(f("default_nested_enum"), nestedFoo);
+      message.setField(f("default_foreign_enum"), foreignFoo);
+      message.setField(f("default_import_enum"), importFoo);
+
+      message.setField(f("default_string_piece"), "424");
+      message.setField(f("default_cord"), "425");
+
+      message.setField(f("oneof_uint32"), 601);
+      message.setField(
+          f("oneof_nested_message"),
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("oneof_nested_message")).setField(nestedB, 602).build());
+      message.setField(f("oneof_string"), "603");
+      message.setField(f("oneof_bytes"), toBytes("604"));
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Modify the repeated fields of {@code message} to contain the values expected by {@code
+     * assertRepeatedFieldsModified()}, using the {@link Message.Builder} reflection interface.
+     */
+    void modifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(Message.Builder message) {
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_int32"), 1, 501);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_int64"), 1, 502L);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint32"), 1, 503);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint64"), 1, 504L);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint32"), 1, 505);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint64"), 1, 506L);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed32"), 1, 507);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed64"), 1, 508L);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed32"), 1, 509);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed64"), 1, 510L);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_float"), 1, 511F);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_double"), 1, 512D);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_bool"), 1, true);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"), 1, "515");
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), 1, toBytes("516"));
+
+      message.setRepeatedField(
+          f("repeatedgroup"),
+          1,
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeatedgroup")).setField(repeatedGroupA, 517).build());
+      message.setRepeatedField(
+          f("repeated_nested_message"),
+          1,
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_nested_message")).setField(nestedB, 518).build());
+      message.setRepeatedField(
+          f("repeated_foreign_message"),
+          1,
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_foreign_message"))
+              .setField(foreignC, 519)
+              .build());
+      message.setRepeatedField(
+          f("repeated_import_message"),
+          1,
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_import_message")).setField(importD, 520).build());
+      message.setRepeatedField(
+          f("repeated_lazy_message"),
+          1,
+          newBuilderForField(message, f("repeated_lazy_message")).setField(nestedB, 527).build());
+
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum"), 1, nestedFoo);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_enum"), 1, foreignFoo);
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_enum"), 1, importFoo);
+
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_string_piece"), 1, "524");
+      message.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_cord"), 1, "525");
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all fields of {@code message} are set to
+     * the values assigned by {@code setAllFields}, using the {@link Message} reflection interface.
+     */
+    public void assertAllFieldsSetViaReflection(MessageOrBuilder message) {
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_int32")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_int64")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_uint32")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_uint64")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_sint32")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_sint64")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_fixed32")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_fixed64")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_float")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_double")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_bool")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_string")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_bytes")));
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optionalgroup")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_nested_message")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_foreign_message")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_import_message")));
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(((Message) message.getField(f("optionalgroup"))).hasField(groupA));
+      Assert.assertTrue(
+          ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_nested_message"))).hasField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertTrue(
+          ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_foreign_message"))).hasField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertTrue(
+          ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_import_message"))).hasField(importD));
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_nested_enum")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_import_enum")));
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("optional_cord")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(101, message.getField(f("optional_int32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(102L, message.getField(f("optional_int64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(103, message.getField(f("optional_uint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(104L, message.getField(f("optional_uint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(105, message.getField(f("optional_sint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(106L, message.getField(f("optional_sint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(107, message.getField(f("optional_fixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(108L, message.getField(f("optional_fixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(109, message.getField(f("optional_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(110L, message.getField(f("optional_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(111F, message.getField(f("optional_float")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(112D, message.getField(f("optional_double")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(true, message.getField(f("optional_bool")));
+      Assert.assertEquals("115", message.getField(f("optional_string")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("116"), message.getField(f("optional_bytes")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(117, ((Message) message.getField(f("optionalgroup"))).getField(groupA));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          118, ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_nested_message"))).getField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          119, ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_foreign_message"))).getField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          120, ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_import_message"))).getField(importD));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          126, ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_public_import_message"))).getField(importE));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          127, ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_lazy_message"))).getField(nestedB));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(nestedBaz, message.getField(f("optional_nested_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignBaz, message.getField(f("optional_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(importBaz, message.getField(f("optional_import_enum")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("124", message.getField(f("optional_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertEquals("125", message.getField(f("optional_cord")));
+
+      // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_int32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_int64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_uint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_uint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_fixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_fixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_float")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_double")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_bool")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_string")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_bytes")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeatedgroup")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_nested_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_foreign_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_import_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_lazy_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_nested_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_import_enum")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_cord")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(201, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(202L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(203, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(204L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(205, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(206L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(207, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(208L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(209, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(210L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(211F, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_float"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(212D, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_double"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(true, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bool"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals("215", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("216"), message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), 0));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          217,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeatedgroup"), 0)).getField(repeatedGroupA));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          218,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"), 0)).getField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          219,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_message"), 0))
+              .getField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          220,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_message"), 0)).getField(importD));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          227,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_lazy_message"), 0)).getField(nestedB));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(nestedBar, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignBar, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_enum"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(importBar, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_enum"), 0));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("224", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string_piece"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals("225", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_cord"), 0));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(301, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(302L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(303, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(304L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(305, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(306L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(307, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(308L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(309, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(310L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(311F, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_float"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(312D, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_double"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bool"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals("315", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("316"), message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), 1));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          317,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeatedgroup"), 1)).getField(repeatedGroupA));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          318,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"), 1)).getField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          319,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_message"), 1))
+              .getField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          320,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_message"), 1)).getField(importD));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          327,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_lazy_message"), 1)).getField(nestedB));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(nestedBaz, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignBaz, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_enum"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(importBaz, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_enum"), 1));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("324", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string_piece"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals("325", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_cord"), 1));
+
+      // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_int32")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_int64")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_uint32")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_uint64")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_sint32")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_sint64")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_fixed32")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_fixed64")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_float")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_double")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_bool")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_string")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_bytes")));
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_nested_enum")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_import_enum")));
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("default_cord")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(401, message.getField(f("default_int32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(402L, message.getField(f("default_int64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(403, message.getField(f("default_uint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(404L, message.getField(f("default_uint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(405, message.getField(f("default_sint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(406L, message.getField(f("default_sint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(407, message.getField(f("default_fixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(408L, message.getField(f("default_fixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(409, message.getField(f("default_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(410L, message.getField(f("default_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(411F, message.getField(f("default_float")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(412D, message.getField(f("default_double")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getField(f("default_bool")));
+      Assert.assertEquals("415", message.getField(f("default_string")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("416"), message.getField(f("default_bytes")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(nestedFoo, message.getField(f("default_nested_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignFoo, message.getField(f("default_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(importFoo, message.getField(f("default_import_enum")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("424", message.getField(f("default_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertEquals("425", message.getField(f("default_cord")));
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("oneof_bytes")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("604"), message.getField(f("oneof_bytes")));
+
+      if (extensionRegistry == null) {
+        Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("oneof_uint32")));
+        Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("oneof_nested_message")));
+        Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("oneof_string")));
+      } else {
+        Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("oneof_uint32")));
+        Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("oneof_nested_message")));
+        Assert.assertTrue(message.hasField(f("oneof_string")));
+        Assert.assertEquals(601, message.getField(f("oneof_uint32")));
+        Assert.assertEquals(
+            602,
+            ((MessageOrBuilder) message.getField(f("oneof_nested_message"))).getField(nestedB));
+        Assert.assertEquals("603", message.getField(f("oneof_string")));
+      }
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Assert (using {@code junit.framework.Assert}} that all fields of {@code message} are cleared,
+     * and that getting the fields returns their default values, using the {@link Message}
+     * reflection interface.
+     */
+    public void assertClearViaReflection(MessageOrBuilder message) {
+      // has_blah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_int32")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_int64")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_uint32")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_uint64")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_sint32")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_sint64")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_fixed32")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_fixed64")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_float")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_double")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_bool")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_string")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_bytes")));
+
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optionalgroup")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_nested_message")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_foreign_message")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_import_message")));
+
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_nested_enum")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_import_enum")));
+
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("optional_cord")));
+
+      // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getField(f("optional_int32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0L, message.getField(f("optional_int64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getField(f("optional_uint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0L, message.getField(f("optional_uint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getField(f("optional_sint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0L, message.getField(f("optional_sint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getField(f("optional_fixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0L, message.getField(f("optional_fixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getField(f("optional_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0L, message.getField(f("optional_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0F, message.getField(f("optional_float")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0D, message.getField(f("optional_double")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getField(f("optional_bool")));
+      Assert.assertEquals("", message.getField(f("optional_string")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getField(f("optional_bytes")));
+
+      // Embedded messages should also be clear.
+      Assert.assertFalse(((Message) message.getField(f("optionalgroup"))).hasField(groupA));
+      Assert.assertFalse(
+          ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_nested_message"))).hasField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertFalse(
+          ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_foreign_message"))).hasField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertFalse(
+          ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_import_message"))).hasField(importD));
+      Assert.assertFalse(
+          ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_public_import_message"))).hasField(importE));
+      Assert.assertFalse(
+          ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_lazy_message"))).hasField(nestedB));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, ((Message) message.getField(f("optionalgroup"))).getField(groupA));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          0, ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_nested_message"))).getField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          0, ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_foreign_message"))).getField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          0, ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_import_message"))).getField(importD));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          0, ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_public_import_message"))).getField(importE));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          0, ((Message) message.getField(f("optional_lazy_message"))).getField(nestedB));
+
+      // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+      Assert.assertEquals(nestedFoo, message.getField(f("optional_nested_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignFoo, message.getField(f("optional_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(importFoo, message.getField(f("optional_import_enum")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("", message.getField(f("optional_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertEquals("", message.getField(f("optional_cord")));
+
+      // Repeated fields are empty.
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_int32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_int64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_uint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_uint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_fixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_fixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_float")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_double")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_bool")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_string")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_bytes")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeatedgroup")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_nested_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_foreign_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_import_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_lazy_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_nested_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_import_enum")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_cord")));
+
+      // has_blah() should also be false for all default fields.
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_int32")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_int64")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_uint32")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_uint64")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_sint32")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_sint64")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_fixed32")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_fixed64")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_float")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_double")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_bool")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_string")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_bytes")));
+
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_nested_enum")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_import_enum")));
+
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("default_cord")));
+
+      // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+      Assert.assertEquals(41, message.getField(f("default_int32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(42L, message.getField(f("default_int64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(43, message.getField(f("default_uint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(44L, message.getField(f("default_uint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(-45, message.getField(f("default_sint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(46L, message.getField(f("default_sint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(47, message.getField(f("default_fixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(48L, message.getField(f("default_fixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(49, message.getField(f("default_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(-50L, message.getField(f("default_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(51.5F, message.getField(f("default_float")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(52e3D, message.getField(f("default_double")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(true, message.getField(f("default_bool")));
+      Assert.assertEquals("hello", message.getField(f("default_string")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("world"), message.getField(f("default_bytes")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(nestedBar, message.getField(f("default_nested_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignBar, message.getField(f("default_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(importBar, message.getField(f("default_import_enum")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("abc", message.getField(f("default_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertEquals("123", message.getField(f("default_cord")));
+
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("oneof_uint32")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("oneof_nested_message")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("oneof_string")));
+      Assert.assertFalse(message.hasField(f("oneof_bytes")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, message.getField(f("oneof_uint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals("", message.getField(f("oneof_string")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes(""), message.getField(f("oneof_bytes")));
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    public void assertRepeatedFieldsModifiedViaReflection(MessageOrBuilder message) {
+      // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
+      // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
+      // element and size were *not* modified.
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_int32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_int64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_uint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_uint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_fixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_fixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_float")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_double")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_bool")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_string")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_bytes")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeatedgroup")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_nested_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_foreign_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_import_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_lazy_message")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_nested_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_foreign_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_import_enum")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_string_piece")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("repeated_cord")));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(201, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(202L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(203, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(204L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(205, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(206L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(207, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(208L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(209, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(210L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(211F, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_float"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(212D, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_double"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(true, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bool"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals("215", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("216"), message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), 0));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          217,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeatedgroup"), 0)).getField(repeatedGroupA));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          218,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"), 0)).getField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          219,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_message"), 0))
+              .getField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          220,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_message"), 0)).getField(importD));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          227,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_lazy_message"), 0)).getField(nestedB));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(nestedBar, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignBar, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_enum"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(importBar, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_enum"), 0));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("224", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string_piece"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals("225", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_cord"), 0));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(501, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(502L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_int64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(503, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(504L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_uint64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(505, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(506L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sint64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(507, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(508L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_fixed64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(509, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(510L, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_sfixed64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(511F, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_float"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(512D, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_double"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(true, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bool"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals("515", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(toBytes("516"), message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), 1));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          517,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeatedgroup"), 1)).getField(repeatedGroupA));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          518,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"), 1)).getField(nestedB));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          519,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_message"), 1))
+              .getField(foreignC));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          520,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_message"), 1)).getField(importD));
+      Assert.assertEquals(
+          527,
+          ((Message) message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_lazy_message"), 1)).getField(nestedB));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals(nestedFoo, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignFoo, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_foreign_enum"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(importFoo, message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_import_enum"), 1));
+
+      Assert.assertEquals("524", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_string_piece"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals("525", message.getRepeatedField(f("repeated_cord"), 1));
+    }
+
+    public void setPackedFieldsViaReflection(Message.Builder message) {
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_int32"), 601);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_int64"), 602L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_uint32"), 603);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_uint64"), 604L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sint32"), 605);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sint64"), 606L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed32"), 607);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed64"), 608L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed32"), 609);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed64"), 610L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_float"), 611F);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_double"), 612D);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_bool"), true);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_enum"), foreignBar);
+      // Add a second one of each field.
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_int32"), 701);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_int64"), 702L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_uint32"), 703);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_uint64"), 704L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sint32"), 705);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sint64"), 706L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed32"), 707);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed64"), 708L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed32"), 709);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed64"), 710L);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_float"), 711F);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_double"), 712D);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_bool"), false);
+      message.addRepeatedField(f("packed_enum"), foreignBaz);
+    }
+
+    public void assertPackedFieldsSetViaReflection(MessageOrBuilder message) {
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_int32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_int64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_uint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_uint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_sint32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_sint64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_fixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_fixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_sfixed32")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_sfixed64")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_float")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_double")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_bool")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(f("packed_enum")));
+      Assert.assertEquals(601, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_int32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(602L, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_int64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(603, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_uint32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(604L, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_uint64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(605, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sint32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(606L, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sint64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(607, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(608L, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(609, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed32"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(610L, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed64"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(611F, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_float"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(612D, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_double"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(true, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_bool"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignBar, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_enum"), 0));
+      Assert.assertEquals(701, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_int32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(702L, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_int64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(703, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_uint32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(704L, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_uint64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(705, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sint32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(706L, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sint64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(707, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(708L, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_fixed64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(709, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed32"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(710L, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_sfixed64"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(711F, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_float"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(712D, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_double"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(false, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_bool"), 1));
+      Assert.assertEquals(foreignBaz, message.getRepeatedField(f("packed_enum"), 1));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that the reflection setters for the given.Builder object throw a
+     * NullPointerException if they are passed a null value. Uses Assert to throw an appropriate
+     * assertion failure, if the condition is not verified.
+     */
+    public void assertReflectionSettersRejectNull(Message.Builder builder) throws Exception {
+      try {
+        builder.setField(f("optional_string"), null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+      try {
+        builder.setField(f("optional_bytes"), null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+      try {
+        builder.setField(f("optional_nested_enum"), null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+      try {
+        builder.setField(f("optional_nested_message"), (TestAllTypes.NestedMessage) null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+      try {
+        builder.setField(f("optional_nested_message"), (TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.Builder) null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+
+      try {
+        builder.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"), null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+      try {
+        builder.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+      try {
+        builder.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum"), null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+      try {
+        builder.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"), null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that the reflection repeated setters for the given Builder object throw a
+     * NullPointerException if they are passed a null value. Uses Assert to throw an appropriate
+     * assertion failure, if the condition is not verified.
+     */
+    public void assertReflectionRepeatedSettersRejectNull(Message.Builder builder)
+        throws Exception {
+      builder.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"), "one");
+      try {
+        builder.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_string"), 0, null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+
+      builder.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), toBytes("one"));
+      try {
+        builder.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_bytes"), 0, null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+
+      builder.addRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum"), nestedBaz);
+      try {
+        builder.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_enum"), 0, null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+
+      builder.addRepeatedField(
+          f("repeated_nested_message"), TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(218).build());
+      try {
+        builder.setRepeatedField(f("repeated_nested_message"), 0, null);
+        Assert.fail("Exception was not thrown");
+      } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+        // We expect this exception.
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** @param filePath The path relative to {@link #getTestDataDir}. */
+  public static String readTextFromFile(String filePath) {
+    return readBytesFromFile(filePath).toStringUtf8();
+  }
+
+  private static File getTestDataDir() {
+    // Search each parent directory looking for "src/google/protobuf".
+    File ancestor = new File(System.getProperty("protobuf.dir", "."));
+    String initialPath = ancestor.getAbsolutePath();
+    try {
+      ancestor = ancestor.getCanonicalFile();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't get canonical name of working directory.", e);
+    }
+    while (ancestor != null && ancestor.exists()) {
+      if (new File(ancestor, "src/google/protobuf").exists()) {
+        return new File(ancestor, "src/google/protobuf/testdata");
+      }
+      ancestor = ancestor.getParentFile();
+    }
+
+    throw new RuntimeException(
+        "Could not find golden files.  This test must be run from within the "
+            + "protobuf source package so that it can read test data files from the "
+            + "C++ source tree: "
+            + initialPath);
+  }
+
+  /** @param filename The path relative to {@link #getTestDataDir}. */
+  public static ByteString readBytesFromFile(String filename) {
+    File fullPath = new File(getTestDataDir(), filename);
+    try {
+      RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile(fullPath, "r");
+      byte[] content = new byte[(int) file.length()];
+      file.readFully(content);
+      return ByteString.copyFrom(content);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // Throw a RuntimeException here so that we can call this function from
+      // static initializers.
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Couldn't read file: " + fullPath.getPath(), e);
+    }
+  }
+  // END FULL-RUNTIME
+
+  private static ByteString readBytesFromResource(String name) {
+    try {
+      return ByteString.copyFrom(
+          com.google.common.io.ByteStreams.toByteArray(TestUtil.class.getResourceAsStream(name)));
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the bytes of the "golden message". This is a serialized TestAllTypes with all fields set as
+   * they would be by {@link #setAllFields(TestAllTypes.Builder)}, but it is loaded from a file on
+   * disk rather than generated dynamically. The file is actually generated by C++ code, so testing
+   * against it verifies compatibility with C++.
+   */
+  public static ByteString getGoldenMessage() {
+    if (goldenMessage == null) {
+      goldenMessage =
+          readBytesFromResource("/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_oneof_implemented");
+    }
+    return goldenMessage;
+  }
+
+  private static ByteString goldenMessage = null;
+
+  /**
+   * Get the bytes of the "golden packed fields message". This is a serialized TestPackedTypes with
+   * all fields set as they would be by {@link #setPackedFields(TestPackedTypes.Builder)}, but it is
+   * loaded from a file on disk rather than generated dynamically. The file is actually generated by
+   * C++ code, so testing against it verifies compatibility with C++.
+   */
+  public static ByteString getGoldenPackedFieldsMessage() {
+    if (goldenPackedFieldsMessage == null) {
+      goldenPackedFieldsMessage =
+          readBytesFromResource("/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_packed_fields_message");
+    }
+    return goldenPackedFieldsMessage;
+  }
+
+  private static ByteString goldenPackedFieldsMessage = null;
+
+  // BEGIN FULL-RUNTIME
+  /**
+   * Mock implementation of {@link GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent} for testing.
+   *
+   * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+   */
+  public static class MockBuilderParent implements GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent {
+
+    private int invalidations;
+
+    @Override
+    public void markDirty() {
+      invalidations++;
+    }
+
+    public int getInvalidationCount() {
+      return invalidations;
+    }
+  }
+  // END FULL-RUNTIME
+
+  /** Helper class to test logged messages */
+  public static class TestLogHandler extends Handler {
+    /** We will keep a private list of all logged records */
+    private final List<LogRecord> list = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    /** Adds the most recently logged record to our list. */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void publish(LogRecord record) {
+      list.add(record);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void flush() {}
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() {}
+
+    /** Returns a snapshot of the logged records. */
+    public synchronized List<LogRecord> getStoredLogRecords() {
+      List<LogRecord> result = new ArrayList<>(list);
+      return Collections.unmodifiableList(result);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestUtilLite.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestUtilLite.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31565fc40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestUtilLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultBoolExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultBytesExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultCordExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultDoubleExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultFixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultFixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultFloatExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultForeignEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultImportEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultInt32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultInt64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultNestedEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultSfixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultSfixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultSint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultSint64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultStringExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultStringPieceExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultUint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.defaultUint64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.oneofBytesExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.oneofNestedMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.oneofStringExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.oneofUint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalBoolExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalBytesExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalCordExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalDoubleExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalFixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalFixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalFloatExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalForeignEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalForeignMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalGroupExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalImportEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalImportMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalInt64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalLazyMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalNestedEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalPublicImportMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalSfixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalSfixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalSint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalSint64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalStringExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalStringPieceExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalUint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalUint64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedBoolExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedDoubleExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedFixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedFixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedFloatExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedInt32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedInt64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedSfixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedSfixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedSint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedSint64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedUint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.packedUint64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedBoolExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedBytesExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedCordExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedDoubleExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedFixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedFixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedFloatExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedForeignEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedForeignMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedGroupExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedImportEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedImportMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedInt32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedInt64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedLazyMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedNestedEnumExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedNestedMessageExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedSfixed32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedSfixed64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedSint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedSint64ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedStringExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedStringPieceExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedUint32ExtensionLite;
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.repeatedUint64ExtensionLite;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestImportLite.ImportEnumLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestImportLite.ImportMessageLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestImportPublicLite.PublicImportMessageLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.ForeignEnumLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.ForeignMessageLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.OptionalGroup_extension_lite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.RepeatedGroup_extension_lite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllExtensionsLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllTypesLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestPackedExtensionsLite;
+
+/**
+ * Contains methods for setting fields of {@code TestAllTypesLite}, {@code TestAllExtensionsLite},
+ * and {@code TestPackedExtensionsLite}. This is analogous to the functionality in TestUtil.java but
+ * does not depend on the presence of any non-lite protos.
+ *
+ * <p>This code is not to be used outside of {@code com.google.protobuf} and subpackages.
+ */
+public final class TestUtilLite {
+  private TestUtilLite() {}
+
+  /** Helper to convert a String to ByteString. */
+  static ByteString toBytes(String str) {
+    return ByteString.copyFrom(str.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a {@code TestAllTypesLite.Builder} with all fields set as they would be by {@link
+   * #setAllFields(TestAllTypesLite.Builder)}.
+   */
+  public static TestAllTypesLite.Builder getAllLiteSetBuilder() {
+    TestAllTypesLite.Builder builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder();
+    setAllFields(builder);
+    return builder;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a {@code TestAllExtensionsLite} with all fields set as they would be by {@link
+   * #setAllExtensions(TestAllExtensionsLite.Builder)}.
+   */
+  public static TestAllExtensionsLite getAllLiteExtensionsSet() {
+    TestAllExtensionsLite.Builder builder = TestAllExtensionsLite.newBuilder();
+    setAllExtensions(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  public static TestPackedExtensionsLite getLitePackedExtensionsSet() {
+    TestPackedExtensionsLite.Builder builder = TestPackedExtensionsLite.newBuilder();
+    setPackedExtensions(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  /** Set every field of {@code builder} to the values expected by {@code assertAllFieldsSet()}. */
+  public static void setAllFields(TestAllTypesLite.Builder builder) {
+    builder.setOptionalInt32(101);
+    builder.setOptionalInt64(102);
+    builder.setOptionalUint32(103);
+    builder.setOptionalUint64(104);
+    builder.setOptionalSint32(105);
+    builder.setOptionalSint64(106);
+    builder.setOptionalFixed32(107);
+    builder.setOptionalFixed64(108);
+    builder.setOptionalSfixed32(109);
+    builder.setOptionalSfixed64(110);
+    builder.setOptionalFloat(111);
+    builder.setOptionalDouble(112);
+    builder.setOptionalBool(true);
+    builder.setOptionalString("115");
+    builder.setOptionalBytes(toBytes("116"));
+
+    builder.setOptionalGroup(TestAllTypesLite.OptionalGroup.newBuilder().setA(117).build());
+    builder.setOptionalNestedMessage(
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(118).build());
+    builder.setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessageLite.newBuilder().setC(119).build());
+    builder.setOptionalImportMessage(ImportMessageLite.newBuilder().setD(120).build());
+    builder.setOptionalPublicImportMessage(PublicImportMessageLite.newBuilder().setE(126).build());
+    builder.setOptionalLazyMessage(TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(127).build());
+
+    builder.setOptionalNestedEnum(TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    builder.setOptionalForeignEnum(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ);
+    builder.setOptionalImportEnum(ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_BAZ);
+
+    builder.setOptionalStringPiece("124");
+    builder.setOptionalCord("125");
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(201);
+    builder.addRepeatedInt64(202);
+    builder.addRepeatedUint32(203);
+    builder.addRepeatedUint64(204);
+    builder.addRepeatedSint32(205);
+    builder.addRepeatedSint64(206);
+    builder.addRepeatedFixed32(207);
+    builder.addRepeatedFixed64(208);
+    builder.addRepeatedSfixed32(209);
+    builder.addRepeatedSfixed64(210);
+    builder.addRepeatedFloat(211);
+    builder.addRepeatedDouble(212);
+    builder.addRepeatedBool(true);
+    builder.addRepeatedString("215");
+    builder.addRepeatedBytes(toBytes("216"));
+
+    builder.addRepeatedGroup(TestAllTypesLite.RepeatedGroup.newBuilder().setA(217).build());
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedMessage(
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(218).build());
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessageLite.newBuilder().setC(219).build());
+    builder.addRepeatedImportMessage(ImportMessageLite.newBuilder().setD(220).build());
+    builder.addRepeatedLazyMessage(TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(227).build());
+
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.BAR);
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignEnum(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR);
+    builder.addRepeatedImportEnum(ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_BAR);
+
+    builder.addRepeatedStringPiece("224");
+    builder.addRepeatedCord("225");
+
+    // Add a second one of each field.
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(301);
+    builder.addRepeatedInt64(302);
+    builder.addRepeatedUint32(303);
+    builder.addRepeatedUint64(304);
+    builder.addRepeatedSint32(305);
+    builder.addRepeatedSint64(306);
+    builder.addRepeatedFixed32(307);
+    builder.addRepeatedFixed64(308);
+    builder.addRepeatedSfixed32(309);
+    builder.addRepeatedSfixed64(310);
+    builder.addRepeatedFloat(311);
+    builder.addRepeatedDouble(312);
+    builder.addRepeatedBool(false);
+    builder.addRepeatedString("315");
+    builder.addRepeatedBytes(toBytes("316"));
+
+    builder.addRepeatedGroup(TestAllTypesLite.RepeatedGroup.newBuilder().setA(317).build());
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedMessage(
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(318).build());
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(ForeignMessageLite.newBuilder().setC(319).build());
+    builder.addRepeatedImportMessage(ImportMessageLite.newBuilder().setD(320).build());
+    builder.addRepeatedLazyMessage(TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(327).build());
+
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignEnum(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ);
+    builder.addRepeatedImportEnum(ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_BAZ);
+
+    builder.addRepeatedStringPiece("324");
+    builder.addRepeatedCord("325");
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    builder.setDefaultInt32(401);
+    builder.setDefaultInt64(402);
+    builder.setDefaultUint32(403);
+    builder.setDefaultUint64(404);
+    builder.setDefaultSint32(405);
+    builder.setDefaultSint64(406);
+    builder.setDefaultFixed32(407);
+    builder.setDefaultFixed64(408);
+    builder.setDefaultSfixed32(409);
+    builder.setDefaultSfixed64(410);
+    builder.setDefaultFloat(411);
+    builder.setDefaultDouble(412);
+    builder.setDefaultBool(false);
+    builder.setDefaultString("415");
+    builder.setDefaultBytes(toBytes("416"));
+
+    builder.setDefaultNestedEnum(TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    builder.setDefaultForeignEnum(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_FOO);
+    builder.setDefaultImportEnum(ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_FOO);
+
+    builder.setDefaultStringPiece("424");
+    builder.setDefaultCord("425");
+
+    builder.setOneofUint32(601);
+    builder.setOneofNestedMessage(TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(602).build());
+    builder.setOneofString("603");
+    builder.setOneofBytes(toBytes("604"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get an unmodifiable {@link ExtensionRegistryLite} containing all the extensions of {@code
+   * TestAllExtensionsLite}.
+   */
+  public static ExtensionRegistryLite getExtensionRegistryLite() {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite registry = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+    registerAllExtensionsLite(registry);
+    return registry.getUnmodifiable();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Register all of {@code TestAllExtensionsLite}'s extensions with the given {@link
+   * ExtensionRegistryLite}.
+   */
+  public static void registerAllExtensionsLite(ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
+    UnittestLite.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+  }
+
+  // ===================================================================
+  // Lite extensions
+
+  /**
+   * Set every field of {@code message} to the values expected by {@code assertAllExtensionsSet()}.
+   */
+  public static void setAllExtensions(TestAllExtensionsLite.Builder message) {
+    message.setExtension(optionalInt32ExtensionLite, 101);
+    message.setExtension(optionalInt64ExtensionLite, 102L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalUint32ExtensionLite, 103);
+    message.setExtension(optionalUint64ExtensionLite, 104L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalSint32ExtensionLite, 105);
+    message.setExtension(optionalSint64ExtensionLite, 106L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalFixed32ExtensionLite, 107);
+    message.setExtension(optionalFixed64ExtensionLite, 108L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalSfixed32ExtensionLite, 109);
+    message.setExtension(optionalSfixed64ExtensionLite, 110L);
+    message.setExtension(optionalFloatExtensionLite, 111F);
+    message.setExtension(optionalDoubleExtensionLite, 112D);
+    message.setExtension(optionalBoolExtensionLite, true);
+    message.setExtension(optionalStringExtensionLite, "115");
+    message.setExtension(optionalBytesExtensionLite, toBytes("116"));
+
+    message.setExtension(
+        optionalGroupExtensionLite, OptionalGroup_extension_lite.newBuilder().setA(117).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite,
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(118).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        optionalForeignMessageExtensionLite, ForeignMessageLite.newBuilder().setC(119).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        optionalImportMessageExtensionLite, ImportMessageLite.newBuilder().setD(120).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        optionalPublicImportMessageExtensionLite,
+        PublicImportMessageLite.newBuilder().setE(126).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        optionalLazyMessageExtensionLite,
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(127).build());
+
+    message.setExtension(optionalNestedEnumExtensionLite, TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    message.setExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtensionLite, ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ);
+    message.setExtension(optionalImportEnumExtensionLite, ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_BAZ);
+
+    message.setExtension(optionalStringPieceExtensionLite, "124");
+    message.setExtension(optionalCordExtensionLite, "125");
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedInt32ExtensionLite, 201);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedInt64ExtensionLite, 202L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedUint32ExtensionLite, 203);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedUint64ExtensionLite, 204L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSint32ExtensionLite, 205);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSint64ExtensionLite, 206L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFixed32ExtensionLite, 207);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFixed64ExtensionLite, 208L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSfixed32ExtensionLite, 209);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSfixed64ExtensionLite, 210L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFloatExtensionLite, 211F);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedDoubleExtensionLite, 212D);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedBoolExtensionLite, true);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedStringExtensionLite, "215");
+    message.addExtension(repeatedBytesExtensionLite, toBytes("216"));
+
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedGroupExtensionLite, RepeatedGroup_extension_lite.newBuilder().setA(217).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedNestedMessageExtensionLite,
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(218).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedForeignMessageExtensionLite, ForeignMessageLite.newBuilder().setC(219).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedImportMessageExtensionLite, ImportMessageLite.newBuilder().setD(220).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedLazyMessageExtensionLite,
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(227).build());
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtensionLite, TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.BAR);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtensionLite, ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtensionLite, ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_BAR);
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtensionLite, "224");
+    message.addExtension(repeatedCordExtensionLite, "225");
+
+    // Add a second one of each field.
+    message.addExtension(repeatedInt32ExtensionLite, 301);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedInt64ExtensionLite, 302L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedUint32ExtensionLite, 303);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedUint64ExtensionLite, 304L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSint32ExtensionLite, 305);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSint64ExtensionLite, 306L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFixed32ExtensionLite, 307);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFixed64ExtensionLite, 308L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSfixed32ExtensionLite, 309);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedSfixed64ExtensionLite, 310L);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedFloatExtensionLite, 311F);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedDoubleExtensionLite, 312D);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedBoolExtensionLite, false);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedStringExtensionLite, "315");
+    message.addExtension(repeatedBytesExtensionLite, toBytes("316"));
+
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedGroupExtensionLite, RepeatedGroup_extension_lite.newBuilder().setA(317).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedNestedMessageExtensionLite,
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(318).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedForeignMessageExtensionLite, ForeignMessageLite.newBuilder().setC(319).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedImportMessageExtensionLite, ImportMessageLite.newBuilder().setD(320).build());
+    message.addExtension(
+        repeatedLazyMessageExtensionLite,
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(327).build());
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtensionLite, TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtensionLite, ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ);
+    message.addExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtensionLite, ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_BAZ);
+
+    message.addExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtensionLite, "324");
+    message.addExtension(repeatedCordExtensionLite, "325");
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    message.setExtension(defaultInt32ExtensionLite, 401);
+    message.setExtension(defaultInt64ExtensionLite, 402L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultUint32ExtensionLite, 403);
+    message.setExtension(defaultUint64ExtensionLite, 404L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultSint32ExtensionLite, 405);
+    message.setExtension(defaultSint64ExtensionLite, 406L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultFixed32ExtensionLite, 407);
+    message.setExtension(defaultFixed64ExtensionLite, 408L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultSfixed32ExtensionLite, 409);
+    message.setExtension(defaultSfixed64ExtensionLite, 410L);
+    message.setExtension(defaultFloatExtensionLite, 411F);
+    message.setExtension(defaultDoubleExtensionLite, 412D);
+    message.setExtension(defaultBoolExtensionLite, false);
+    message.setExtension(defaultStringExtensionLite, "415");
+    message.setExtension(defaultBytesExtensionLite, toBytes("416"));
+
+    message.setExtension(defaultNestedEnumExtensionLite, TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    message.setExtension(defaultForeignEnumExtensionLite, ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_FOO);
+    message.setExtension(defaultImportEnumExtensionLite, ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_FOO);
+
+    message.setExtension(defaultStringPieceExtensionLite, "424");
+    message.setExtension(defaultCordExtensionLite, "425");
+
+    message.setExtension(oneofUint32ExtensionLite, 601);
+    message.setExtension(
+        oneofNestedMessageExtensionLite,
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(602).build());
+    message.setExtension(oneofStringExtensionLite, "603");
+    message.setExtension(oneofBytesExtensionLite, toBytes("604"));
+  }
+
+  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Modify the repeated extensions of {@code message} to contain the values expected by {@code
+   * assertRepeatedExtensionsModified()}.
+   */
+  public static void modifyRepeatedExtensions(TestAllExtensionsLite.Builder message) {
+    message.setExtension(repeatedInt32ExtensionLite, 1, 501);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedInt64ExtensionLite, 1, 502L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedUint32ExtensionLite, 1, 503);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedUint64ExtensionLite, 1, 504L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedSint32ExtensionLite, 1, 505);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedSint64ExtensionLite, 1, 506L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedFixed32ExtensionLite, 1, 507);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedFixed64ExtensionLite, 1, 508L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedSfixed32ExtensionLite, 1, 509);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedSfixed64ExtensionLite, 1, 510L);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedFloatExtensionLite, 1, 511F);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedDoubleExtensionLite, 1, 512D);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedBoolExtensionLite, 1, true);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedStringExtensionLite, 1, "515");
+    message.setExtension(repeatedBytesExtensionLite, 1, toBytes("516"));
+
+    message.setExtension(
+        repeatedGroupExtensionLite, 1, RepeatedGroup_extension_lite.newBuilder().setA(517).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        repeatedNestedMessageExtensionLite,
+        1,
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(518).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        repeatedForeignMessageExtensionLite, 1, ForeignMessageLite.newBuilder().setC(519).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        repeatedImportMessageExtensionLite, 1, ImportMessageLite.newBuilder().setD(520).build());
+    message.setExtension(
+        repeatedLazyMessageExtensionLite,
+        1,
+        TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(527).build());
+
+    message.setExtension(repeatedNestedEnumExtensionLite, 1, TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum.FOO);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedForeignEnumExtensionLite, 1, ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_FOO);
+    message.setExtension(repeatedImportEnumExtensionLite, 1, ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_FOO);
+
+    message.setExtension(repeatedStringPieceExtensionLite, 1, "524");
+    message.setExtension(repeatedCordExtensionLite, 1, "525");
+  }
+
+  public static void setPackedExtensions(TestPackedExtensionsLite.Builder message) {
+    message.addExtension(packedInt32ExtensionLite, 601);
+    message.addExtension(packedInt64ExtensionLite, 602L);
+    message.addExtension(packedUint32ExtensionLite, 603);
+    message.addExtension(packedUint64ExtensionLite, 604L);
+    message.addExtension(packedSint32ExtensionLite, 605);
+    message.addExtension(packedSint64ExtensionLite, 606L);
+    message.addExtension(packedFixed32ExtensionLite, 607);
+    message.addExtension(packedFixed64ExtensionLite, 608L);
+    message.addExtension(packedSfixed32ExtensionLite, 609);
+    message.addExtension(packedSfixed64ExtensionLite, 610L);
+    message.addExtension(packedFloatExtensionLite, 611F);
+    message.addExtension(packedDoubleExtensionLite, 612D);
+    message.addExtension(packedBoolExtensionLite, true);
+    message.addExtension(packedEnumExtensionLite, ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR);
+    // Add a second one of each field.
+    message.addExtension(packedInt32ExtensionLite, 701);
+    message.addExtension(packedInt64ExtensionLite, 702L);
+    message.addExtension(packedUint32ExtensionLite, 703);
+    message.addExtension(packedUint64ExtensionLite, 704L);
+    message.addExtension(packedSint32ExtensionLite, 705);
+    message.addExtension(packedSint64ExtensionLite, 706L);
+    message.addExtension(packedFixed32ExtensionLite, 707);
+    message.addExtension(packedFixed64ExtensionLite, 708L);
+    message.addExtension(packedSfixed32ExtensionLite, 709);
+    message.addExtension(packedSfixed64ExtensionLite, 710L);
+    message.addExtension(packedFloatExtensionLite, 711F);
+    message.addExtension(packedDoubleExtensionLite, 712D);
+    message.addExtension(packedBoolExtensionLite, false);
+    message.addExtension(packedEnumExtensionLite, ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseInfoTreeTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseInfoTreeTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff413720b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseInfoTreeTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** Test @{link TextFormatParseInfoTree}. */
+public class TextFormatParseInfoTreeTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final Descriptor DESCRIPTOR = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+  private static final FieldDescriptor OPTIONAL_INT32 =
+      DESCRIPTOR.findFieldByName("optional_int32");
+  private static final FieldDescriptor OPTIONAL_BOOLEAN =
+      DESCRIPTOR.findFieldByName("optional_boolean");
+  private static final FieldDescriptor REPEATED_INT32 =
+      DESCRIPTOR.findFieldByName("repeated_int32");
+  private static final FieldDescriptor OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE =
+      DESCRIPTOR.findFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+  private static final FieldDescriptor REPEATED_NESTED_MESSAGE =
+      DESCRIPTOR.findFieldByName("repeated_nested_message");
+  private static final FieldDescriptor FIELD_BB =
+      TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("bb");
+
+  private static final TextFormatParseLocation LOC0 = TextFormatParseLocation.create(1, 2);
+  private static final TextFormatParseLocation LOC1 = TextFormatParseLocation.create(2, 3);
+
+  private TextFormatParseInfoTree.Builder rootBuilder;
+
+  @Override
+  public void setUp() {
+    rootBuilder = TextFormatParseInfoTree.builder();
+  }
+
+  public void testBuildEmptyParseTree() {
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree tree = rootBuilder.build();
+    assertTrue(tree.getLocations(null).isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetLocationReturnsSingleLocation() {
+    rootBuilder.setLocation(OPTIONAL_INT32, LOC0);
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree root = rootBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals(LOC0, root.getLocation(OPTIONAL_INT32, 0));
+    assertEquals(1, root.getLocations(OPTIONAL_INT32).size());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetLocationsReturnsNoParseLocationsForUnknownField() {
+    assertTrue(rootBuilder.build().getLocations(OPTIONAL_INT32).isEmpty());
+    rootBuilder.setLocation(OPTIONAL_BOOLEAN, LOC0);
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree root = rootBuilder.build();
+    assertTrue(root.getLocations(OPTIONAL_INT32).isEmpty());
+    assertEquals(LOC0, root.getLocations(OPTIONAL_BOOLEAN).get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testGetLocationThrowsIllegalArgumentExceptionForUnknownField() {
+    rootBuilder.setLocation(REPEATED_INT32, LOC0);
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree root = rootBuilder.build();
+    try {
+      root.getNestedTree(OPTIONAL_INT32, 0);
+      fail("Did not detect unknown field");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+      // pass
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetLocationThrowsIllegalArgumentExceptionForInvalidIndex() {
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree root = rootBuilder.setLocation(OPTIONAL_INT32, LOC0).build();
+    try {
+      root.getLocation(OPTIONAL_INT32, 1);
+      fail("Invalid index not detected");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+      // pass
+    }
+    try {
+      root.getLocation(OPTIONAL_INT32, -1);
+      fail("Negative index not detected");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+      // pass
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetLocationsReturnsMultipleLocations() {
+    rootBuilder.setLocation(REPEATED_INT32, LOC0);
+    rootBuilder.setLocation(REPEATED_INT32, LOC1);
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree root = rootBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals(LOC0, root.getLocation(REPEATED_INT32, 0));
+    assertEquals(LOC1, root.getLocation(REPEATED_INT32, 1));
+    assertEquals(2, root.getLocations(REPEATED_INT32).size());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetNestedTreeThrowsIllegalArgumentExceptionForUnknownField() {
+    rootBuilder.setLocation(REPEATED_INT32, LOC0);
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree root = rootBuilder.build();
+    try {
+      root.getNestedTree(OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE, 0);
+      fail("Did not detect unknown field");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+      // pass
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetNestedTreesReturnsNoParseInfoTreesForUnknownField() {
+    rootBuilder.setLocation(REPEATED_INT32, LOC0);
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree root = rootBuilder.build();
+    assertTrue(root.getNestedTrees(OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE).isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  public void testGetNestedTreeThrowsIllegalArgumentExceptionForInvalidIndex() {
+    rootBuilder.setLocation(REPEATED_INT32, LOC0);
+    rootBuilder.getBuilderForSubMessageField(OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE);
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree root = rootBuilder.build();
+    try {
+      root.getNestedTree(OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE, 1);
+      fail("Submessage index that is too large not detected");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+      // pass
+    }
+    try {
+      rootBuilder.build().getNestedTree(OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE, -1);
+      fail("Invalid submessage index (-1) not detected");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+      // pass
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testGetNestedTreesReturnsSingleTree() {
+    rootBuilder.getBuilderForSubMessageField(OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE);
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree root = rootBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals(1, root.getNestedTrees(OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE).size());
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree subtree = root.getNestedTrees(OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE).get(0);
+    assertNotNull(subtree);
+  }
+
+  public void testGetNestedTreesReturnsMultipleTrees() {
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree.Builder subtree1Builder =
+        rootBuilder.getBuilderForSubMessageField(REPEATED_NESTED_MESSAGE);
+    subtree1Builder.getBuilderForSubMessageField(FIELD_BB);
+    subtree1Builder.getBuilderForSubMessageField(FIELD_BB);
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree.Builder subtree2Builder =
+        rootBuilder.getBuilderForSubMessageField(REPEATED_NESTED_MESSAGE);
+    subtree2Builder.getBuilderForSubMessageField(FIELD_BB);
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree root = rootBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals(2, root.getNestedTrees(REPEATED_NESTED_MESSAGE).size());
+    assertEquals(
+        2, root.getNestedTrees(REPEATED_NESTED_MESSAGE).get(0).getNestedTrees(FIELD_BB).size());
+    assertEquals(
+        1, root.getNestedTrees(REPEATED_NESTED_MESSAGE).get(1).getNestedTrees(FIELD_BB).size());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseLocationTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseLocationTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19abc3f88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseLocationTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** Test @{link TextFormatParseLocation}. */
+public class TextFormatParseLocationTest extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testCreateEmpty() {
+    TextFormatParseLocation location = TextFormatParseLocation.create(-1, -1);
+    assertEquals(TextFormatParseLocation.EMPTY, location);
+  }
+
+  public void testCreate() {
+    TextFormatParseLocation location = TextFormatParseLocation.create(2, 1);
+    assertEquals(2, location.getLine());
+    assertEquals(1, location.getColumn());
+  }
+
+  public void testCreateThrowsIllegalArgumentExceptionForInvalidIndex() {
+    try {
+      TextFormatParseLocation.create(-1, 0);
+      fail("Should throw IllegalArgumentException if line is less than 0");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException unused) {
+      // pass
+    }
+    try {
+      TextFormatParseLocation.create(0, -1);
+      fail("Should throw, column < 0");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException unused) {
+      // pass
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testHashCode() {
+    TextFormatParseLocation loc0 = TextFormatParseLocation.create(2, 1);
+    TextFormatParseLocation loc1 = TextFormatParseLocation.create(2, 1);
+
+    assertEquals(loc0.hashCode(), loc1.hashCode());
+    assertEquals(
+        TextFormatParseLocation.EMPTY.hashCode(), TextFormatParseLocation.EMPTY.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testEquals() {
+    TextFormatParseLocation loc0 = TextFormatParseLocation.create(2, 1);
+    TextFormatParseLocation loc1 = TextFormatParseLocation.create(1, 2);
+    TextFormatParseLocation loc2 = TextFormatParseLocation.create(2, 2);
+    TextFormatParseLocation loc3 = TextFormatParseLocation.create(2, 1);
+
+    assertEquals(loc0, loc3);
+    assertNotSame(loc0, loc1);
+    assertNotSame(loc0, loc2);
+    assertNotSame(loc1, loc2);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd0e8c847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1539 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.TestUtil.TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED;
+import static com.google.protobuf.TestUtil.TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.DescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.FieldDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.FileDescriptorProto;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.TextFormat.Parser.SingularOverwritePolicy;
+import any_test.AnyTestProto.TestAny;
+import map_test.MapTestProto.TestMap;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.TestMessageSetExtension1;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.TestMessageSetExtension2;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.OneString;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestOneof2;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
+import proto2_wireformat_unittest.UnittestMsetWireFormat.TestMessageSet;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link TextFormat}.
+ *
+ * <p>TODO(wenboz): ExtensionTest and rest of text_format_unittest.cc.
+ *
+ * @author wenboz@google.com (Wenbo Zhu)
+ */
+public class TextFormatTest extends TestCase {
+
+  // A basic string with different escapable characters for testing.
+  private static final String ESCAPE_TEST_STRING =
+      "\"A string with ' characters \n and \r newlines and \t tabs and \001 slashes \\";
+
+  // A representation of the above string with all the characters escaped.
+  private static final String ESCAPE_TEST_STRING_ESCAPED =
+      "\\\"A string with \\' characters \\n and \\r newlines "
+          + "and \\t tabs and \\001 slashes \\\\";
+
+  private static String allFieldsSetText =
+      TestUtil.readTextFromFile("text_format_unittest_data_oneof_implemented.txt");
+  private static String allExtensionsSetText =
+      TestUtil.readTextFromFile("text_format_unittest_extensions_data.txt");
+
+  private static String exoticText =
+      ""
+          + "repeated_int32: -1\n"
+          + "repeated_int32: -2147483648\n"
+          + "repeated_int64: -1,\n"
+          + "repeated_int64: -9223372036854775808\n"
+          + "repeated_uint32: 4294967295\n"
+          + "repeated_uint32: 2147483648\n"
+          + "repeated_uint64: 18446744073709551615\n"
+          + "repeated_uint64: 9223372036854775808\n"
+          + "repeated_double: 123.0\n"
+          + "repeated_double: 123.5\n"
+          + "repeated_double: 0.125\n"
+          + "repeated_double: .125\n"
+          + "repeated_double: -.125\n"
+          + "repeated_double: 1.23E17\n"
+          + "repeated_double: 1.23E+17\n"
+          + "repeated_double: -1.23e-17\n"
+          + "repeated_double: .23e+17\n"
+          + "repeated_double: -.23E17\n"
+          + "repeated_double: 1.235E22\n"
+          + "repeated_double: 1.235E-18\n"
+          + "repeated_double: 123.456789\n"
+          + "repeated_double: Infinity\n"
+          + "repeated_double: -Infinity\n"
+          + "repeated_double: NaN\n"
+          + "repeated_string: \"\\000\\001\\a\\b\\f\\n\\r\\t\\v\\\\\\'\\\""
+          + "\\341\\210\\264\"\n"
+          + "repeated_bytes: \"\\000\\001\\a\\b\\f\\n\\r\\t\\v\\\\\\'\\\"\\376\"\n";
+
+  private static String canonicalExoticText =
+      exoticText
+          .replace(": .", ": 0.")
+          .replace(": -.", ": -0.") // short-form double
+          .replace("23e", "23E")
+          .replace("E+", "E")
+          .replace("0.23E17", "2.3E16")
+          .replace(",", "");
+
+  private String messageSetText =
+      ""
+          + "[protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1] {\n"
+          + "  i: 123\n"
+          + "}\n"
+          + "[protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension2] {\n"
+          + "  str: \"foo\"\n"
+          + "}\n";
+
+  private String messageSetTextWithRepeatedExtension =
+      ""
+          + "[protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1] {\n"
+          + "  i: 123\n"
+          + "}\n"
+          + "[protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1] {\n"
+          + "  i: 456\n"
+          + "}\n";
+
+  private final TextFormat.Parser parserAllowingUnknownFields =
+      TextFormat.Parser.newBuilder().setAllowUnknownFields(true).build();
+
+  private final TextFormat.Parser parserAllowingUnknownExtensions =
+      TextFormat.Parser.newBuilder().setAllowUnknownExtensions(true).build();
+
+  private final TextFormat.Parser parserWithOverwriteForbidden =
+      TextFormat.Parser.newBuilder()
+          .setSingularOverwritePolicy(SingularOverwritePolicy.FORBID_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES)
+          .build();
+
+  private final TextFormat.Parser defaultParser = TextFormat.Parser.newBuilder().build();
+
+  /** Print TestAllTypes and compare with golden file. */
+  public void testPrintMessage() throws Exception {
+    String javaText = TextFormat.printer().printToString(TestUtil.getAllSet());
+
+    // Java likes to add a trailing ".0" to floats and doubles.  C printf
+    // (with %g format) does not.  Our golden files are used for both
+    // C++ and Java TextFormat classes, so we need to conform.
+    javaText = javaText.replace(".0\n", "\n");
+
+    assertEquals(allFieldsSetText, javaText);
+  }
+
+  /** Print TestAllTypes as Builder and compare with golden file. */
+  public void testPrintMessageBuilder() throws Exception {
+    String javaText = TextFormat.printer().printToString(TestUtil.getAllSetBuilder());
+
+    // Java likes to add a trailing ".0" to floats and doubles.  C printf
+    // (with %g format) does not.  Our golden files are used for both
+    // C++ and Java TextFormat classes, so we need to conform.
+    javaText = javaText.replace(".0\n", "\n");
+
+    assertEquals(allFieldsSetText, javaText);
+  }
+
+  /** Print TestAllExtensions and compare with golden file. */
+  public void testPrintExtensions() throws Exception {
+    String javaText = TextFormat.printer().printToString(TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet());
+
+    // Java likes to add a trailing ".0" to floats and doubles.  C printf
+    // (with %g format) does not.  Our golden files are used for both
+    // C++ and Java TextFormat classes, so we need to conform.
+    javaText = javaText.replace(".0\n", "\n");
+
+    assertEquals(allExtensionsSetText, javaText);
+  }
+
+  // Creates an example unknown field set.
+  private UnknownFieldSet makeUnknownFieldSet() {
+
+    return UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+        .addField(
+            5,
+            UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+                .addVarint(1)
+                .addFixed32(2)
+                .addFixed64(3)
+                .addLengthDelimited(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("4"))
+                .addLengthDelimited(
+                    UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+                        .addField(12, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(6).build())
+                        .build()
+                        .toByteString())
+                .addGroup(
+                    UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+                        .addField(10, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(5).build())
+                        .build())
+                .build())
+        .addField(
+            8, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(1).addVarint(2).addVarint(3).build())
+        .addField(
+            15,
+            UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+                .addVarint(0xABCDEF1234567890L)
+                .addFixed32(0xABCD1234)
+                .addFixed64(0xABCDEF1234567890L)
+                .build())
+        .build();
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintUnknownFields() throws Exception {
+    // Test printing of unknown fields in a message.
+
+    TestEmptyMessage message =
+        TestEmptyMessage.newBuilder().setUnknownFields(makeUnknownFieldSet()).build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "5: 1\n"
+            + "5: 0x00000002\n"
+            + "5: 0x0000000000000003\n"
+            + "5: \"4\"\n"
+            + "5: {\n"
+            + "  12: 6\n"
+            + "}\n"
+            + "5 {\n"
+            + "  10: 5\n"
+            + "}\n"
+            + "8: 1\n"
+            + "8: 2\n"
+            + "8: 3\n"
+            + "15: 12379813812177893520\n"
+            + "15: 0xabcd1234\n"
+            + "15: 0xabcdef1234567890\n",
+        TextFormat.printer().printToString(message));
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintField() throws Exception {
+    final FieldDescriptor dataField = OneString.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("data");
+    assertEquals(
+        "data: \"test data\"\n", TextFormat.printer().printFieldToString(dataField, "test data"));
+
+    final FieldDescriptor optionalField =
+        TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+    final Object value = NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(42).build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "optional_nested_message {\n  bb: 42\n}\n",
+        TextFormat.printer().printFieldToString(optionalField, value));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper to construct a ByteString from a String containing only 8-bit characters. The characters
+   * are converted directly to bytes, *not* encoded using UTF-8.
+   */
+  private ByteString bytes(String str) {
+    return ByteString.copyFrom(str.getBytes(Internal.ISO_8859_1));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper to construct a ByteString from a bunch of bytes. The inputs are actually ints so that I
+   * can use hex notation and not get stupid errors about precision.
+   */
+  private ByteString bytes(int... bytesAsInts) {
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesAsInts.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytesAsInts.length; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = (byte) bytesAsInts[i];
+    }
+    return ByteString.copyFrom(bytes);
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintExotic() throws Exception {
+    Message message =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            // Signed vs. unsigned numbers.
+            .addRepeatedInt32(-1)
+            .addRepeatedUint32(-1)
+            .addRepeatedInt64(-1)
+            .addRepeatedUint64(-1)
+            .addRepeatedInt32(1 << 31)
+            .addRepeatedUint32(1 << 31)
+            .addRepeatedInt64(1L << 63)
+            .addRepeatedUint64(1L << 63)
+
+            // Floats of various precisions and exponents.
+            .addRepeatedDouble(123)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(123.5)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(0.125)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(.125)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(-.125)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(123e15)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(123e15)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(-1.23e-17)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(.23e17)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(-23e15)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(123.5e20)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(123.5e-20)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(123.456789)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(Double.NaN)
+
+            // Strings and bytes that needing escaping.
+            .addRepeatedString("\0\001\007\b\f\n\r\t\013\\\'\"\u1234")
+            .addRepeatedBytes(bytes("\0\001\007\b\f\n\r\t\013\\\'\"\u00fe"))
+            .build();
+
+    assertEquals(canonicalExoticText, message.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintMessageSet() throws Exception {
+    TestMessageSet messageSet =
+        TestMessageSet.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(
+                TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension,
+                TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder().setI(123).build())
+            .setExtension(
+                TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension,
+                TestMessageSetExtension2.newBuilder().setStr("foo").build())
+            .build();
+
+    assertEquals(messageSetText, messageSet.toString());
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  public void testMerge() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(allFieldsSetText, builder);
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testParse() throws Exception {
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(TextFormat.parse(allFieldsSetText, TestAllTypes.class));
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeInitialized() throws Exception {
+    TestRequired.Builder builder = TestRequired.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED.toString(), builder);
+    assertEquals(TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED.toString(), builder.buildPartial().toString());
+    assertTrue(builder.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseInitialized() throws Exception {
+    TestRequired parsed =
+        TextFormat.parse(TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED.toString(), TestRequired.class);
+    assertEquals(TEST_REQUIRED_INITIALIZED.toString(), parsed.toString());
+    assertTrue(parsed.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeUninitialized() throws Exception {
+    TestRequired.Builder builder = TestRequired.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED.toString(), builder);
+    assertEquals(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED.toString(), builder.buildPartial().toString());
+    assertFalse(builder.isInitialized());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseUninitialized() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TextFormat.parse(TEST_REQUIRED_UNINITIALIZED.toString(), TestRequired.class);
+      fail("Expected UninitializedMessageException.");
+    } catch (UninitializedMessageException e) {
+      assertEquals("Message missing required fields: b, c", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeReader() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(new StringReader(allFieldsSetText), builder);
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeExtensions() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensions.Builder builder = TestAllExtensions.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(allExtensionsSetText, TestUtil.getFullExtensionRegistry(), builder);
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(builder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseExtensions() throws Exception {
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(
+        TextFormat.parse(
+            allExtensionsSetText, TestUtil.getFullExtensionRegistry(), TestAllExtensions.class));
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeAndParseCompatibility() throws Exception {
+    String original =
+        "repeated_float: inf\n"
+            + "repeated_float: -inf\n"
+            + "repeated_float: nan\n"
+            + "repeated_float: inff\n"
+            + "repeated_float: -inff\n"
+            + "repeated_float: nanf\n"
+            + "repeated_float: 1.0f\n"
+            + "repeated_float: infinityf\n"
+            + "repeated_float: -Infinityf\n"
+            + "repeated_double: infinity\n"
+            + "repeated_double: -infinity\n"
+            + "repeated_double: nan\n";
+    String canonical =
+        "repeated_float: Infinity\n"
+            + "repeated_float: -Infinity\n"
+            + "repeated_float: NaN\n"
+            + "repeated_float: Infinity\n"
+            + "repeated_float: -Infinity\n"
+            + "repeated_float: NaN\n"
+            + "repeated_float: 1.0\n"
+            + "repeated_float: Infinity\n"
+            + "repeated_float: -Infinity\n"
+            + "repeated_double: Infinity\n"
+            + "repeated_double: -Infinity\n"
+            + "repeated_double: NaN\n";
+
+    // Test merge().
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(original, builder);
+    assertEquals(canonical, builder.build().toString());
+
+    // Test parse().
+    assertEquals(canonical, TextFormat.parse(original, TestAllTypes.class).toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeAndParseExotic() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(exoticText, builder);
+
+    // Too lazy to check things individually.  Don't try to debug this
+    // if testPrintExotic() is failing.
+    assertEquals(canonicalExoticText, builder.build().toString());
+    assertEquals(canonicalExoticText, TextFormat.parse(exoticText, TestAllTypes.class).toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeMessageSet() throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension);
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension);
+
+    TestMessageSet.Builder builder = TestMessageSet.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(messageSetText, extensionRegistry, builder);
+    TestMessageSet messageSet = builder.build();
+
+    assertTrue(messageSet.hasExtension(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension));
+    assertEquals(123, messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+    assertTrue(messageSet.hasExtension(TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension));
+    assertEquals(
+        "foo", messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension).getStr());
+
+    builder = TestMessageSet.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(messageSetTextWithRepeatedExtension, extensionRegistry, builder);
+    messageSet = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(456, messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeMessageSetWithOverwriteForbidden() throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension);
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension);
+
+    TestMessageSet.Builder builder = TestMessageSet.newBuilder();
+    parserWithOverwriteForbidden.merge(messageSetText, extensionRegistry, builder);
+    TestMessageSet messageSet = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(123, messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+    assertEquals(
+        "foo", messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension).getStr());
+
+    builder = TestMessageSet.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      parserWithOverwriteForbidden.merge(
+          messageSetTextWithRepeatedExtension, extensionRegistry, builder);
+      fail("expected parse exception");
+    } catch (TextFormat.ParseException e) {
+      assertEquals(
+          "4:44: Non-repeated field "
+              + "\"protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1.message_set_extension\""
+              + " cannot be overwritten.",
+          e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeNumericEnum() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge("optional_nested_enum: 2", builder);
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR, builder.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeAngleBrackets() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge("OptionalGroup: < a: 1 >", builder);
+    assertTrue(builder.hasOptionalGroup());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getOptionalGroup().getA());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeComment() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(
+        "# this is a comment\n"
+            + "optional_int32: 1  # another comment\n"
+            + "optional_int64: 2\n"
+            + "# EOF comment",
+        builder);
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(2, builder.getOptionalInt64());
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintAny_customBuiltTypeRegistry() throws Exception {
+    TestAny testAny =
+        TestAny.newBuilder()
+            .setValue(
+                Any.newBuilder()
+                    .setTypeUrl("type.googleapis.com/" + TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getFullName())
+                    .setValue(
+                        TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(12345).build().toByteString())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+    String actual =
+        TextFormat.printer()
+            .usingTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry.newBuilder().add(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()).build())
+            .printToString(testAny);
+    String expected =
+        "value {\n"
+            + "  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes] {\n"
+            + "    optional_int32: 12345\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}\n";
+    assertEquals(expected, actual);
+  }
+
+  private static Descriptor createDescriptorForAny(FieldDescriptorProto... fields)
+      throws Exception {
+    FileDescriptor fileDescriptor =
+        FileDescriptor.buildFrom(
+            FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                .setName("any.proto")
+                .setPackage("google.protobuf")
+                .setSyntax("proto3")
+                .addMessageType(
+                    DescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                        .setName("Any")
+                        .addAllField(Arrays.asList(fields)))
+                .build(),
+            new FileDescriptor[0]);
+    return fileDescriptor.getMessageTypes().get(0);
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintAny_anyWithDynamicMessage() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor descriptor =
+        createDescriptorForAny(
+            FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                .setName("type_url")
+                .setNumber(1)
+                .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                .setType(FieldDescriptorProto.Type.TYPE_STRING)
+                .build(),
+            FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                .setName("value")
+                .setNumber(2)
+                .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                .setType(FieldDescriptorProto.Type.TYPE_BYTES)
+                .build());
+    DynamicMessage testAny =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(descriptor)
+            .setField(
+                descriptor.findFieldByNumber(1),
+                "type.googleapis.com/" + TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getFullName())
+            .setField(
+                descriptor.findFieldByNumber(2),
+                TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(12345).build().toByteString())
+            .build();
+    String actual =
+        TextFormat.printer()
+            .usingTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry.newBuilder().add(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()).build())
+            .printToString(testAny);
+    String expected =
+        "[type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes] {\n"
+            + "  optional_int32: 12345\n"
+            + "}\n";
+    assertEquals(expected, actual);
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintAny_anyFromWithNoValueField() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor descriptor =
+        createDescriptorForAny(
+            FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                .setName("type_url")
+                .setNumber(1)
+                .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                .setType(FieldDescriptorProto.Type.TYPE_STRING)
+                .build());
+    DynamicMessage testAny =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(descriptor)
+            .setField(
+                descriptor.findFieldByNumber(1),
+                "type.googleapis.com/" + TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getFullName())
+            .build();
+    String actual =
+        TextFormat.printer()
+            .usingTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry.newBuilder().add(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()).build())
+            .printToString(testAny);
+    String expected = "type_url: \"type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes\"\n";
+    assertEquals(expected, actual);
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintAny_anyFromWithNoTypeUrlField() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor descriptor =
+        createDescriptorForAny(
+            FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                .setName("value")
+                .setNumber(2)
+                .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                .setType(FieldDescriptorProto.Type.TYPE_BYTES)
+                .build());
+    DynamicMessage testAny =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(descriptor)
+            .setField(
+                descriptor.findFieldByNumber(2),
+                TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(12345).build().toByteString())
+            .build();
+    String actual =
+        TextFormat.printer()
+            .usingTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry.newBuilder().add(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()).build())
+            .printToString(testAny);
+    String expected = "value: \"\\b\\271`\"\n";
+    assertEquals(expected, actual);
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintAny_anyWithInvalidFieldType() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor descriptor =
+        createDescriptorForAny(
+            FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                .setName("type_url")
+                .setNumber(1)
+                .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                .setType(FieldDescriptorProto.Type.TYPE_STRING)
+                .build(),
+            FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder()
+                .setName("value")
+                .setNumber(2)
+                .setLabel(FieldDescriptorProto.Label.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+                .setType(FieldDescriptorProto.Type.TYPE_STRING)
+                .build());
+    DynamicMessage testAny =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(descriptor)
+            .setField(
+                descriptor.findFieldByNumber(1),
+                "type.googleapis.com/" + TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getFullName())
+            .setField(descriptor.findFieldByNumber(2), "test")
+            .build();
+    String actual =
+        TextFormat.printer()
+            .usingTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry.newBuilder().add(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()).build())
+            .printToString(testAny);
+    String expected =
+        "type_url: \"type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes\"\n" + "value: \"test\"\n";
+    assertEquals(expected, actual);
+  }
+
+
+  public void testMergeAny_customBuiltTypeRegistry() throws Exception {
+    TestAny.Builder builder = TestAny.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.Parser.newBuilder()
+        .setTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry.newBuilder().add(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()).build())
+        .build()
+        .merge(
+            "value: {\n"
+                + "[type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes] {\n"
+                + "optional_int32: 12345\n"
+                + "optional_nested_message {\n"
+                + "  bb: 123\n"
+                + "}\n"
+                + "}\n"
+                + "}",
+            builder);
+    assertEquals(
+        TestAny.newBuilder()
+            .setValue(
+                Any.newBuilder()
+                    .setTypeUrl("type.googleapis.com/" + TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getFullName())
+                    .setValue(
+                        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+                            .setOptionalInt32(12345)
+                            .setOptionalNestedMessage(
+                                TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(123))
+                            .build()
+                            .toByteString())
+                    .build())
+            .build(),
+        builder.build());
+  }
+
+
+  private void assertParseError(String error, String text) {
+    // Test merge().
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      TextFormat.merge(text, TestUtil.getFullExtensionRegistry(), builder);
+      fail("Expected parse exception.");
+    } catch (TextFormat.ParseException e) {
+      assertEquals(error, e.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    // Test parse().
+    try {
+      TextFormat.parse(text, TestUtil.getFullExtensionRegistry(), TestAllTypes.class);
+      fail("Expected parse exception.");
+    } catch (TextFormat.ParseException e) {
+      assertEquals(error, e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertParseErrorWithUnknownFields(String error, String text) {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      parserAllowingUnknownFields.merge(text, TestUtil.getFullExtensionRegistry(), builder);
+      fail("Expected parse exception.");
+    } catch (TextFormat.ParseException e) {
+      assertEquals(error, e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private TestAllTypes assertParseSuccessWithUnknownFields(String text)
+      throws TextFormat.ParseException {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    parserAllowingUnknownFields.merge(text, TestUtil.getFullExtensionRegistry(), builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private void assertParseErrorWithUnknownExtensions(String error, String text) {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      parserAllowingUnknownExtensions.merge(text, builder);
+      fail("Expected parse exception.");
+    } catch (TextFormat.ParseException e) {
+      assertEquals(error, e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private TestAllTypes assertParseSuccessWithUnknownExtensions(String text)
+      throws TextFormat.ParseException {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    parserAllowingUnknownExtensions.merge(text, builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private void assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(String error, String text) {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      parserWithOverwriteForbidden.merge(text, TestUtil.getFullExtensionRegistry(), builder);
+      fail("Expected parse exception.");
+    } catch (TextFormat.ParseException e) {
+      assertEquals(error, e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private TestAllTypes assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden(String text)
+      throws TextFormat.ParseException {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    parserWithOverwriteForbidden.merge(text, TestUtil.getFullExtensionRegistry(), builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  public void testParseErrors() throws Exception {
+    assertParseError("1:16: Expected \":\".", "optional_int32 123");
+    assertParseError("1:23: Expected identifier. Found '?'", "optional_nested_enum: ?");
+    assertParseError(
+        "1:18: Couldn't parse integer: Number must be positive: -1", "optional_uint32: -1");
+    assertParseError(
+        "1:17: Couldn't parse integer: Number out of range for 32-bit signed "
+            + "integer: 82301481290849012385230157",
+        "optional_int32: 82301481290849012385230157");
+    assertParseError(
+        "1:16: Expected \"true\" or \"false\". Found \"maybe\".", "optional_bool: maybe");
+    assertParseError("1:16: Expected \"true\" or \"false\". Found \"2\".", "optional_bool: 2");
+    assertParseError("1:18: Expected string.", "optional_string: 123");
+    assertParseError("1:18: String missing ending quote.", "optional_string: \"ueoauaoe");
+    assertParseError(
+        "1:18: String missing ending quote.", "optional_string: \"ueoauaoe\noptional_int32: 123");
+    assertParseError("1:18: Invalid escape sequence: '\\z'", "optional_string: \"\\z\"");
+    assertParseError(
+        "1:18: String missing ending quote.", "optional_string: \"ueoauaoe\noptional_int32: 123");
+    assertParseError(
+        "1:2: Input contains unknown fields and/or extensions:\n"
+            + "1:2:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.[nosuchext]",
+        "[nosuchext]: 123");
+    assertParseError(
+        "1:20: Extension \"protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension\" does "
+            + "not extend message type \"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes\".",
+        "[protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension]: 123");
+    assertParseError(
+        "1:1: Input contains unknown fields and/or extensions:\n"
+            + "1:1:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.nosuchfield",
+        "nosuchfield: 123");
+    assertParseError("1:21: Expected \">\".", "OptionalGroup < a: 1");
+    assertParseError(
+        "1:23: Enum type \"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum\" has no "
+            + "value named \"NO_SUCH_VALUE\".",
+        "optional_nested_enum: NO_SUCH_VALUE");
+    assertParseError(
+        "1:23: Enum type \"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum\" has no "
+            + "value with number 123.",
+        "optional_nested_enum: 123");
+
+    // Delimiters must match.
+    assertParseError("1:22: Expected identifier. Found '}'", "OptionalGroup < a: 1 }");
+    assertParseError("1:22: Expected identifier. Found '>'", "OptionalGroup { a: 1 >");
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  public void testEscape() throws Exception {
+    // Escape sequences.
+    assertEquals(
+        "\\000\\001\\a\\b\\f\\n\\r\\t\\v\\\\\\'\\\"\\177",
+        TextFormat.escapeBytes(bytes("\0\001\007\b\f\n\r\t\013\\\'\"\177")));
+    assertEquals(
+        "\\000\\001\\a\\b\\f\\n\\r\\t\\v\\\\\\'\\\"\\177",
+        TextFormat.escapeText("\0\001\007\b\f\n\r\t\013\\\'\"\177"));
+    assertEquals(
+        bytes("\0\001\007\b\f\n\r\t\013\\\'\""),
+        TextFormat.unescapeBytes("\\000\\001\\a\\b\\f\\n\\r\\t\\v\\\\\\'\\\""));
+    assertEquals(
+        "\0\001\007\b\f\n\r\t\013\\\'\"",
+        TextFormat.unescapeText("\\000\\001\\a\\b\\f\\n\\r\\t\\v\\\\\\'\\\""));
+    assertEquals(ESCAPE_TEST_STRING_ESCAPED, TextFormat.escapeText(ESCAPE_TEST_STRING));
+    assertEquals(ESCAPE_TEST_STRING, TextFormat.unescapeText(ESCAPE_TEST_STRING_ESCAPED));
+
+    // Invariant
+    assertEquals("hello", TextFormat.escapeBytes(bytes("hello")));
+    assertEquals("hello", TextFormat.escapeText("hello"));
+    assertEquals(bytes("hello"), TextFormat.unescapeBytes("hello"));
+    assertEquals("hello", TextFormat.unescapeText("hello"));
+
+    // Unicode handling.
+    assertEquals("\\341\\210\\264", TextFormat.escapeText("\u1234"));
+    assertEquals("\\341\\210\\264", TextFormat.escapeBytes(bytes(0xe1, 0x88, 0xb4)));
+    assertEquals("\u1234", TextFormat.unescapeText("\\341\\210\\264"));
+    assertEquals(bytes(0xe1, 0x88, 0xb4), TextFormat.unescapeBytes("\\341\\210\\264"));
+    assertEquals("\u1234", TextFormat.unescapeText("\\xe1\\x88\\xb4"));
+    assertEquals(bytes(0xe1, 0x88, 0xb4), TextFormat.unescapeBytes("\\xe1\\x88\\xb4"));
+
+    // Handling of strings with unescaped Unicode characters > 255.
+    final String zh = "\u9999\u6e2f\u4e0a\u6d77\ud84f\udf80\u8c50\u9280\u884c";
+    ByteString zhByteString = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(zh);
+    assertEquals(zhByteString, TextFormat.unescapeBytes(zh));
+
+    // Errors.
+    try {
+      TextFormat.unescapeText("\\x");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (TextFormat.InvalidEscapeSequenceException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TextFormat.unescapeText("\\z");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (TextFormat.InvalidEscapeSequenceException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TextFormat.unescapeText("\\");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (TextFormat.InvalidEscapeSequenceException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseInteger() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, TextFormat.parseInt32("0"));
+    assertEquals(1, TextFormat.parseInt32("1"));
+    assertEquals(-1, TextFormat.parseInt32("-1"));
+    assertEquals(12345, TextFormat.parseInt32("12345"));
+    assertEquals(-12345, TextFormat.parseInt32("-12345"));
+    assertEquals(2147483647, TextFormat.parseInt32("2147483647"));
+    assertEquals(-2147483648, TextFormat.parseInt32("-2147483648"));
+
+    assertEquals(0, TextFormat.parseUInt32("0"));
+    assertEquals(1, TextFormat.parseUInt32("1"));
+    assertEquals(12345, TextFormat.parseUInt32("12345"));
+    assertEquals(2147483647, TextFormat.parseUInt32("2147483647"));
+    assertEquals((int) 2147483648L, TextFormat.parseUInt32("2147483648"));
+    assertEquals((int) 4294967295L, TextFormat.parseUInt32("4294967295"));
+
+    assertEquals(0L, TextFormat.parseInt64("0"));
+    assertEquals(1L, TextFormat.parseInt64("1"));
+    assertEquals(-1L, TextFormat.parseInt64("-1"));
+    assertEquals(12345L, TextFormat.parseInt64("12345"));
+    assertEquals(-12345L, TextFormat.parseInt64("-12345"));
+    assertEquals(2147483647L, TextFormat.parseInt64("2147483647"));
+    assertEquals(-2147483648L, TextFormat.parseInt64("-2147483648"));
+    assertEquals(4294967295L, TextFormat.parseInt64("4294967295"));
+    assertEquals(4294967296L, TextFormat.parseInt64("4294967296"));
+    assertEquals(9223372036854775807L, TextFormat.parseInt64("9223372036854775807"));
+    assertEquals(-9223372036854775808L, TextFormat.parseInt64("-9223372036854775808"));
+
+    assertEquals(0L, TextFormat.parseUInt64("0"));
+    assertEquals(1L, TextFormat.parseUInt64("1"));
+    assertEquals(12345L, TextFormat.parseUInt64("12345"));
+    assertEquals(2147483647L, TextFormat.parseUInt64("2147483647"));
+    assertEquals(4294967295L, TextFormat.parseUInt64("4294967295"));
+    assertEquals(4294967296L, TextFormat.parseUInt64("4294967296"));
+    assertEquals(9223372036854775807L, TextFormat.parseUInt64("9223372036854775807"));
+    assertEquals(-9223372036854775808L, TextFormat.parseUInt64("9223372036854775808"));
+    assertEquals(-1L, TextFormat.parseUInt64("18446744073709551615"));
+
+    // Hex
+    assertEquals(0x1234abcd, TextFormat.parseInt32("0x1234abcd"));
+    assertEquals(-0x1234abcd, TextFormat.parseInt32("-0x1234abcd"));
+    assertEquals(-1, TextFormat.parseUInt64("0xffffffffffffffff"));
+    assertEquals(0x7fffffffffffffffL, TextFormat.parseInt64("0x7fffffffffffffff"));
+
+    // Octal
+    assertEquals(01234567, TextFormat.parseInt32("01234567"));
+
+    // Out-of-range
+    try {
+      TextFormat.parseInt32("2147483648");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TextFormat.parseInt32("-2147483649");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TextFormat.parseUInt32("4294967296");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TextFormat.parseUInt32("-1");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TextFormat.parseInt64("9223372036854775808");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TextFormat.parseInt64("-9223372036854775809");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TextFormat.parseUInt64("18446744073709551616");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TextFormat.parseUInt64("-1");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+
+    // Not a number.
+    try {
+      TextFormat.parseInt32("abcd");
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseString() throws Exception {
+    final String zh = "\u9999\u6e2f\u4e0a\u6d77\ud84f\udf80\u8c50\u9280\u884c";
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge("optional_string: \"" + zh + "\"", builder);
+    assertEquals(zh, builder.getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseLongString() throws Exception {
+    String longText =
+        "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
+            + "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890";
+
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge("optional_string: \"" + longText + "\"", builder);
+    assertEquals(longText, builder.getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseBoolean() throws Exception {
+    String goodText =
+        "repeated_bool: t  repeated_bool : 0\n"
+            + "repeated_bool :f repeated_bool:1\n"
+            + "repeated_bool: False repeated_bool: True";
+    String goodTextCanonical =
+        "repeated_bool: true\n"
+            + "repeated_bool: false\n"
+            + "repeated_bool: false\n"
+            + "repeated_bool: true\n"
+            + "repeated_bool: false\n"
+            + "repeated_bool: true\n";
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(goodText, builder);
+    assertEquals(goodTextCanonical, builder.build().toString());
+
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.Builder badBuilder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+      TextFormat.merge("optional_bool:2", badBuilder);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (TextFormat.ParseException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.Builder badBuilder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+      TextFormat.merge("optional_bool: foo", badBuilder);
+      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
+    } catch (TextFormat.ParseException e) {
+      // success
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseAdjacentStringLiterals() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge("optional_string: \"foo\" 'corge' \"grault\"", builder);
+    assertEquals("foocorgegrault", builder.getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintFieldValue() throws Exception {
+    assertPrintFieldValue("\"Hello\"", "Hello", "repeated_string");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("123.0", 123f, "repeated_float");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("123.0", 123d, "repeated_double");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("123", 123, "repeated_int32");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("123", 123L, "repeated_int64");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("true", true, "repeated_bool");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("4294967295", 0xFFFFFFFF, "repeated_uint32");
+    assertPrintFieldValue("18446744073709551615", 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL, "repeated_uint64");
+    assertPrintFieldValue(
+        "\"\\001\\002\\003\"", ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {1, 2, 3}), "repeated_bytes");
+  }
+
+  private void assertPrintFieldValue(String expect, Object value, String fieldName)
+      throws Exception {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    TextFormat.printer()
+        .printFieldValue(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName(fieldName), value, sb);
+    assertEquals(expect, sb.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testShortDebugString() {
+    assertEquals(
+        "optional_nested_message { bb: 42 } repeated_int32: 1 repeated_uint32: 2",
+        TextFormat.shortDebugString(
+            TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+                .addRepeatedInt32(1)
+                .addRepeatedUint32(2)
+                .setOptionalNestedMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(42).build())
+                .build()));
+  }
+
+  public void testShortDebugString_field() {
+    final FieldDescriptor dataField = OneString.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("data");
+    assertEquals(
+        "data: \"test data\"",
+        TextFormat.printer().shortDebugString(dataField, "test data"));
+
+    final FieldDescriptor optionalField =
+        TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+    final Object value = NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(42).build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "optional_nested_message { bb: 42 }",
+        TextFormat.printer().shortDebugString(optionalField, value));
+  }
+
+  public void testShortDebugString_unknown() {
+    assertEquals(
+        "5: 1 5: 0x00000002 5: 0x0000000000000003 5: \"4\" 5: { 12: 6 } 5 { 10: 5 }"
+            + " 8: 1 8: 2 8: 3 15: 12379813812177893520 15: 0xabcd1234 15:"
+            + " 0xabcdef1234567890",
+        TextFormat.printer().shortDebugString(makeUnknownFieldSet()));
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintToUnicodeString() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(
+        "optional_string: \"abc\u3042efg\"\n"
+            + "optional_bytes: \"\\343\\201\\202\"\n"
+            + "repeated_string: \"\u3093XYZ\"\n",
+        TextFormat.printer()
+            .escapingNonAscii(false)
+            .printToString(
+                TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+                    .setOptionalString("abc\u3042efg")
+                    .setOptionalBytes(bytes(0xe3, 0x81, 0x82))
+                    .addRepeatedString("\u3093XYZ")
+                    .build()));
+
+    // Double quotes and backslashes should be escaped
+    assertEquals(
+        "optional_string: \"a\\\\bc\\\"ef\\\"g\"\n",
+        TextFormat.printer()
+            .escapingNonAscii(false)
+            .printToString(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalString("a\\bc\"ef\"g").build()));
+
+    // Test escaping roundtrip
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalString("a\\bc\\\"ef\"g").build();
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(TextFormat.printer().escapingNonAscii(false).printToString(message), builder);
+    assertEquals(message.getOptionalString(), builder.getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintToUnicodeStringWithNewlines() throws Exception {
+    // No newlines at start and end
+    assertEquals(
+        "optional_string: \"test newlines\\n\\nin\\nstring\"\n",
+        TextFormat.printer()
+            .escapingNonAscii(false)
+            .printToString(
+                TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+                    .setOptionalString("test newlines\n\nin\nstring")
+                    .build()));
+
+    // Newlines at start and end
+    assertEquals(
+        "optional_string: \"\\ntest\\nnewlines\\n\\nin\\nstring\\n\"\n",
+        TextFormat.printer()
+            .escapingNonAscii(false)
+            .printToString(
+                TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+                    .setOptionalString("\ntest\nnewlines\n\nin\nstring\n")
+                    .build()));
+
+    // Strings with 0, 1 and 2 newlines.
+    assertEquals(
+        "optional_string: \"\"\n",
+        TextFormat.printer()
+            .escapingNonAscii(false)
+            .printToString(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalString("").build()));
+    assertEquals(
+        "optional_string: \"\\n\"\n",
+        TextFormat.printer()
+            .escapingNonAscii(false)
+            .printToString(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalString("\n").build()));
+    assertEquals(
+        "optional_string: \"\\n\\n\"\n",
+        TextFormat.printer()
+            .escapingNonAscii(false)
+            .printToString(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalString("\n\n").build()));
+
+    // Test escaping roundtrip
+    TestAllTypes message =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalString("\ntest\nnewlines\n\nin\nstring\n").build();
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(TextFormat.printer().escapingNonAscii(false).printToString(message), builder);
+    assertEquals(message.getOptionalString(), builder.getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintToUnicodeString_unknown() {
+    assertEquals(
+        "1: \"\\343\\201\\202\"\n",
+        TextFormat.printer()
+            .escapingNonAscii(false)
+            .printToString(
+                UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+                    .addField(
+                        1,
+                        UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+                            .addLengthDelimited(bytes(0xe3, 0x81, 0x82))
+                            .build())
+                    .build()));
+  }
+
+
+  public void testParseUnknownExtensions() throws Exception {
+    TestUtil.TestLogHandler logHandler = new TestUtil.TestLogHandler();
+    Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TextFormat.class.getName());
+    logger.addHandler(logHandler);
+    // Test unknown extension can pass.
+    assertParseSuccessWithUnknownExtensions("[unknown_extension]: 123");
+    assertParseSuccessWithUnknownExtensions(
+        "[unknown_extension]: 123\n" + "[unknown_ext]: inf\n" + "[unknown]: 1.234");
+    // Test warning messages.
+    assertEquals(
+        "Input contains unknown fields and/or extensions:\n"
+            + "1:2:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.[unknown_extension]",
+        logHandler.getStoredLogRecords().get(0).getMessage());
+    assertEquals(
+        "Input contains unknown fields and/or extensions:\n"
+            + "1:2:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.[unknown_extension]\n"
+            + "2:2:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.[unknown_ext]\n"
+            + "3:2:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.[unknown]",
+        logHandler.getStoredLogRecords().get(1).getMessage());
+
+    // Test unknown field can not pass.
+    assertParseErrorWithUnknownExtensions(
+        "2:1: Input contains unknown fields and/or extensions:\n"
+            + "1:2:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.[unknown_extension]\n"
+            + "2:1:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.unknown_field",
+        "[unknown_extension]: 1\n" + "unknown_field: 12345");
+    assertParseErrorWithUnknownExtensions(
+        "3:1: Input contains unknown fields and/or extensions:\n"
+            + "1:2:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.[unknown_extension1]\n"
+            + "2:2:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.[unknown_extension2]\n"
+            + "3:1:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.unknown_field\n"
+            + "4:2:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.[unknown_extension3]",
+        "[unknown_extension1]: 1\n"
+            + "[unknown_extension2]: 2\n"
+            + "unknown_field: 12345\n"
+            + "[unknown_extension3]: 3\n");
+    assertParseErrorWithUnknownExtensions(
+        "1:1: Input contains unknown fields and/or extensions:\n"
+            + "1:1:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.unknown_field1\n"
+            + "2:1:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.unknown_field2\n"
+            + "3:2:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.[unknown_extension]\n"
+            + "4:1:\tprotobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.unknown_field3",
+        "unknown_field1: 1\n"
+            + "unknown_field2: 2\n"
+            + "[unknown_extension]: 12345\n"
+            + "unknown_field3: 3\n");
+  }
+
+  // See additional coverage in testOneofOverwriteForbidden and testMapOverwriteForbidden.
+  public void testParseNonRepeatedFields() throws Exception {
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("repeated_int32: 1\nrepeated_int32: 2\n");
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("RepeatedGroup { a: 1 }\nRepeatedGroup { a: 2 }\n");
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "repeated_nested_message { bb: 1 }\nrepeated_nested_message { bb: 2 }\n");
+
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "3:15: Non-repeated field "
+            + "\"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.optional_int32\" "
+            + "cannot be overwritten.",
+        "optional_int32: 1\noptional_bool: true\noptional_int32: 1\n");
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "2:1: Non-repeated field "
+            + "\"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.optionalgroup\" "
+            + "cannot be overwritten.",
+        "OptionalGroup { a: 1 }\nOptionalGroup { }\n");
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "2:1: Non-repeated field "
+            + "\"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.optional_nested_message\" "
+            + "cannot be overwritten.",
+        "optional_nested_message { }\noptional_nested_message { bb: 3 }\n");
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "2:14: Non-repeated field "
+            + "\"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.default_int32\" "
+            + "cannot be overwritten.",
+        "default_int32: 41\n"
+            + // the default value
+            "default_int32: 41\n");
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "2:15: Non-repeated field "
+            + "\"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.default_string\" "
+            + "cannot be overwritten.",
+        "default_string: \"zxcv\"\ndefault_string: \"asdf\"\n");
+  }
+
+  public void testParseShortRepeatedFormOfRepeatedFields() throws Exception {
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("repeated_foreign_enum: [FOREIGN_FOO, FOREIGN_BAR]");
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("repeated_int32: [ 1, 2 ]\n");
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("RepeatedGroup [{ a: 1 },{ a: 2 }]\n");
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("repeated_nested_message [{ bb: 1 }, { bb: 2 }]\n");
+    // See also testMapShortForm.
+  }
+
+  public void testParseShortRepeatedFormOfEmptyRepeatedFields() throws Exception {
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("repeated_foreign_enum: []");
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("repeated_int32: []\n");
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("RepeatedGroup []\n");
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("repeated_nested_message []\n");
+    // See also testMapShortFormEmpty.
+  }
+
+  public void testParseShortRepeatedFormWithTrailingComma() throws Exception {
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "1:38: Expected identifier. Found \']\'", "repeated_foreign_enum: [FOREIGN_FOO, ]\n");
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "1:22: Couldn't parse integer: For input string: \"]\"", "repeated_int32: [ 1, ]\n");
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden("1:25: Expected \"{\".", "RepeatedGroup [{ a: 1 },]\n");
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "1:37: Expected \"{\".", "repeated_nested_message [{ bb: 1 }, ]\n");
+    // See also testMapShortFormTrailingComma.
+  }
+
+  public void testParseShortRepeatedFormOfNonRepeatedFields() throws Exception {
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "1:17: Couldn't parse integer: For input string: \"[\"", "optional_int32: [1]\n");
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "1:17: Couldn't parse integer: For input string: \"[\"", "optional_int32: []\n");
+  }
+
+  // =======================================================================
+  // test oneof
+
+  public void testOneofTextFormat() throws Exception {
+    TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setOneof(builder);
+    TestOneof2 message = builder.build();
+    TestOneof2.Builder dest = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+    TextFormat.merge(TextFormat.printer().escapingNonAscii(false).printToString(message), dest);
+    TestUtil.assertOneofSet(dest.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testOneofOverwriteForbidden() throws Exception {
+    String input = "foo_string: \"stringvalue\" foo_int: 123";
+    TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      parserWithOverwriteForbidden.merge(input, TestUtil.getFullExtensionRegistry(), builder);
+      fail("Expected parse exception.");
+    } catch (TextFormat.ParseException e) {
+      assertEquals(
+          "1:34: Field \"protobuf_unittest.TestOneof2.foo_int\""
+              + " is specified along with field \"protobuf_unittest.TestOneof2.foo_string\","
+              + " another member of oneof \"foo\".",
+          e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testOneofOverwriteAllowed() throws Exception {
+    String input = "foo_string: \"stringvalue\" foo_int: 123";
+    TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+    defaultParser.merge(input, TestUtil.getFullExtensionRegistry(), builder);
+    // Only the last value sticks.
+    TestOneof2 oneof = builder.build();
+    assertFalse(oneof.hasFooString());
+    assertTrue(oneof.hasFooInt());
+  }
+
+  // =======================================================================
+  // test map
+
+  public void testMapTextFormat() throws Exception {
+    TestMap message =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToStringField(10, "apple")
+            .putInt32ToStringField(20, "banana")
+            .putInt32ToStringField(30, "cherry")
+            .build();
+    String text = TextFormat.printer().escapingNonAscii(false).printToString(message);
+    {
+      TestMap.Builder dest = TestMap.newBuilder();
+      TextFormat.merge(text, dest);
+      assertEquals(message, dest.build());
+    }
+    {
+      TestMap.Builder dest = TestMap.newBuilder();
+      parserWithOverwriteForbidden.merge(text, dest);
+      assertEquals(message, dest.build());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMapShortForm() throws Exception {
+    String text =
+        "string_to_int32_field [{ key: 'x' value: 10 }, { key: 'y' value: 20 }]\n"
+            + "int32_to_message_field "
+            + "[{ key: 1 value { value: 100 } }, { key: 2 value: { value: 200 } }]\n";
+    TestMap.Builder dest = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    parserWithOverwriteForbidden.merge(text, dest);
+    TestMap message = dest.build();
+    assertEquals(2, message.getStringToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(2, message.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+    assertEquals(10, message.getStringToInt32Field().get("x").intValue());
+    assertEquals(200, message.getInt32ToMessageField().get(2).getValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testMapShortFormEmpty() throws Exception {
+    String text = "string_to_int32_field []\nint32_to_message_field: []\n";
+    TestMap.Builder dest = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    parserWithOverwriteForbidden.merge(text, dest);
+    TestMap message = dest.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getStringToInt32Field().size());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32ToMessageField().size());
+  }
+
+  public void testMapShortFormTrailingComma() throws Exception {
+    String text = "string_to_int32_field [{ key: 'x' value: 10 }, ]\n";
+    TestMap.Builder dest = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      parserWithOverwriteForbidden.merge(text, dest);
+      fail("Expected parse exception.");
+    } catch (TextFormat.ParseException e) {
+      assertEquals("1:48: Expected \"{\".", e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMapOverwrite() throws Exception {
+    String text =
+        "int32_to_int32_field { key: 1 value: 10 }\n"
+            + "int32_to_int32_field { key: 2 value: 20 }\n"
+            + "int32_to_int32_field { key: 1 value: 30 }\n";
+
+    {
+      // With default parser, last value set for the key holds.
+      TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+      defaultParser.merge(text, builder);
+      TestMap map = builder.build();
+      assertEquals(2, map.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+      assertEquals(30, map.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+    }
+
+    {
+      // With overwrite forbidden, same behavior.
+      // TODO(b/29122459): Expect parse exception here.
+      TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+      defaultParser.merge(text, builder);
+      TestMap map = builder.build();
+      assertEquals(2, map.getInt32ToInt32Field().size());
+      assertEquals(30, map.getInt32ToInt32Field().get(1).intValue());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // =======================================================================
+  // test location information
+
+  public void testParseInfoTreeBuilding() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree.Builder treeBuilder = TextFormatParseInfoTree.builder();
+    // Set to allow unknown fields
+    TextFormat.Parser parser =
+        TextFormat.Parser.newBuilder()
+            .setAllowUnknownFields(true)
+            .setParseInfoTreeBuilder(treeBuilder)
+            .build();
+
+    final String stringData =
+        "optional_int32: 1\n"
+            + "optional_int64: 2\n"
+            + "  optional_double: 2.4\n"
+            + "repeated_int32: 5\n"
+            + "repeated_int32: 10\n"
+            + "optional_nested_message <\n"
+            + "  bb: 78\n"
+            + ">\n"
+            + "repeated_nested_message <\n"
+            + "  bb: 79\n"
+            + ">\n"
+            + "repeated_nested_message <\n"
+            + "  bb: 80\n"
+            + ">";
+
+    parser.merge(stringData, builder);
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree tree = treeBuilder.build();
+
+    // Verify that the tree has the correct positions.
+    assertLocation(tree, descriptor, "optional_int32", 0, 0, 0);
+    assertLocation(tree, descriptor, "optional_int64", 0, 1, 0);
+    assertLocation(tree, descriptor, "optional_double", 0, 2, 2);
+
+    assertLocation(tree, descriptor, "repeated_int32", 0, 3, 0);
+    assertLocation(tree, descriptor, "repeated_int32", 1, 4, 0);
+
+    assertLocation(tree, descriptor, "optional_nested_message", 0, 5, 0);
+    assertLocation(tree, descriptor, "repeated_nested_message", 0, 8, 0);
+    assertLocation(tree, descriptor, "repeated_nested_message", 1, 11, 0);
+
+    // Check for fields not set. For an invalid field, the location returned should be -1, -1.
+    assertLocation(tree, descriptor, "repeated_int64", 0, -1, -1);
+    assertLocation(tree, descriptor, "repeated_int32", 6, -1, -1);
+
+    // Verify inside the nested message.
+    FieldDescriptor nestedField = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+
+    TextFormatParseInfoTree nestedTree = tree.getNestedTrees(nestedField).get(0);
+    assertLocation(nestedTree, nestedField.getMessageType(), "bb", 0, 6, 2);
+
+    // Verify inside another nested message.
+    nestedField = descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_nested_message");
+    nestedTree = tree.getNestedTrees(nestedField).get(0);
+    assertLocation(nestedTree, nestedField.getMessageType(), "bb", 0, 9, 2);
+
+    nestedTree = tree.getNestedTrees(nestedField).get(1);
+    assertLocation(nestedTree, nestedField.getMessageType(), "bb", 0, 12, 2);
+
+    // Verify a NULL tree for an unknown nested field.
+    try {
+      tree.getNestedTree(nestedField, 2);
+      fail("unknown nested field should throw");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException unused) {
+      // pass
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertLocation(
+      TextFormatParseInfoTree tree,
+      final Descriptor descriptor,
+      final String fieldName,
+      int index,
+      int line,
+      int column) {
+    List<TextFormatParseLocation> locs = tree.getLocations(descriptor.findFieldByName(fieldName));
+    if (index < locs.size()) {
+      TextFormatParseLocation location = locs.get(index);
+      TextFormatParseLocation expected = TextFormatParseLocation.create(line, column);
+      assertEquals(expected, location);
+    } else if (line != -1 && column != -1) {
+      fail(
+          String.format(
+              "Tree/descriptor/fieldname did not contain index %d, line %d column %d expected",
+              index, line, column));
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TypeRegistryTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TypeRegistryTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0cd967772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TypeRegistryTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public final class TypeRegistryTest {
+
+  @Test
+  public void findDescriptorByFullName() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor descriptor = UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    assertNull(TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry().find(descriptor.getFullName()));
+
+    assertSame(
+        descriptor,
+        TypeRegistry.newBuilder().add(descriptor).build().find(descriptor.getFullName()));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void findDescriptorByTypeUrl() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor descriptor = UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    assertNull(
+        TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry()
+            .getDescriptorForTypeUrl("type.googleapis.com/" + descriptor.getFullName()));
+
+    assertSame(
+        descriptor,
+        TypeRegistry.newBuilder()
+            .add(descriptor)
+            .build()
+            .getDescriptorForTypeUrl("type.googleapis.com/" + descriptor.getFullName()));
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownEnumValueTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownEnumValueTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7daef026d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownEnumValueTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.FieldPresenceTestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import com.google.protobuf.Proto2UnknownEnumValuesTestProto.Proto2EnumMessage;
+import com.google.protobuf.Proto2UnknownEnumValuesTestProto.Proto2EnumMessageWithEnumSubset;
+import com.google.protobuf.Proto2UnknownEnumValuesTestProto.Proto2TestEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.Proto2UnknownEnumValuesTestProto.Proto2TestEnumSubset;
+import com.google.protobuf.TextFormat.ParseException;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for protos that keep unknown enum values rather than discard them as unknown fields.
+ */
+public class UnknownEnumValueTest extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testUnknownEnumValues() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.setOptionalNestedEnumValue(4321);
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedEnumValue(5432);
+    builder.addPackedNestedEnumValue(6543);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(4321, message.getOptionalNestedEnumValue());
+    assertEquals(5432, message.getRepeatedNestedEnumValue(0));
+    assertEquals(5432, message.getRepeatedNestedEnumValueList().get(0).intValue());
+    assertEquals(6543, message.getPackedNestedEnumValue(0));
+    // Returns UNRECOGNIZED if an enum type is requested.
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, message.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, message.getRepeatedNestedEnum(0));
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, message.getRepeatedNestedEnumList().get(0));
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, message.getPackedNestedEnum(0));
+
+    // Test serialization and parsing.
+    ByteString data = message.toByteString();
+    message = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(data);
+    assertEquals(4321, message.getOptionalNestedEnumValue());
+    assertEquals(5432, message.getRepeatedNestedEnumValue(0));
+    assertEquals(5432, message.getRepeatedNestedEnumValueList().get(0).intValue());
+    assertEquals(6543, message.getPackedNestedEnumValue(0));
+    // Returns UNRECOGNIZED if an enum type is requested.
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, message.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, message.getRepeatedNestedEnum(0));
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, message.getRepeatedNestedEnumList().get(0));
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, message.getPackedNestedEnum(0));
+
+    // Test toBuilder().
+    builder = message.toBuilder();
+    assertEquals(4321, builder.getOptionalNestedEnumValue());
+    assertEquals(5432, builder.getRepeatedNestedEnumValue(0));
+    assertEquals(5432, builder.getRepeatedNestedEnumValueList().get(0).intValue());
+    assertEquals(6543, builder.getPackedNestedEnumValue(0));
+    // Returns UNRECOGNIZED if an enum type is requested.
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, builder.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, builder.getRepeatedNestedEnum(0));
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, builder.getRepeatedNestedEnumList().get(0));
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, builder.getPackedNestedEnum(0));
+
+    // Test mergeFrom().
+    builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().mergeFrom(message);
+    assertEquals(4321, builder.getOptionalNestedEnumValue());
+    assertEquals(5432, builder.getRepeatedNestedEnumValue(0));
+    assertEquals(5432, builder.getRepeatedNestedEnumValueList().get(0).intValue());
+    assertEquals(6543, builder.getPackedNestedEnumValue(0));
+    // Returns UNRECOGNIZED if an enum type is requested.
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, builder.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, builder.getRepeatedNestedEnum(0));
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, builder.getRepeatedNestedEnumList().get(0));
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, builder.getPackedNestedEnum(0));
+
+    // Test equals() and hashCode()
+    TestAllTypes sameMessage = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message, sameMessage);
+    assertEquals(message.hashCode(), sameMessage.hashCode());
+
+    // Getting the numeric value of UNRECOGNIZED will throw an exception.
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED.getNumber();
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    // Setting an enum field to an UNRECOGNIZED value will throw an exception.
+    try {
+      builder.setOptionalNestedEnum(builder.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+    try {
+      builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(builder.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownEnumValueInReflectionApi() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    FieldDescriptor optionalNestedEnumField = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
+    FieldDescriptor repeatedNestedEnumField = descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_nested_enum");
+    FieldDescriptor packedNestedEnumField = descriptor.findFieldByName("packed_nested_enum");
+    EnumDescriptor enumType = TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.getDescriptor();
+
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.setField(optionalNestedEnumField, enumType.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(4321));
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        repeatedNestedEnumField, enumType.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(5432));
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        packedNestedEnumField, enumType.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(6543));
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    // Getters will return unknown enum values as EnumValueDescriptor.
+    EnumValueDescriptor unknown4321 =
+        (EnumValueDescriptor) message.getField(optionalNestedEnumField);
+    EnumValueDescriptor unknown5432 =
+        (EnumValueDescriptor) message.getRepeatedField(repeatedNestedEnumField, 0);
+    EnumValueDescriptor unknown6543 =
+        (EnumValueDescriptor) message.getRepeatedField(packedNestedEnumField, 0);
+    assertEquals(4321, unknown4321.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(5432, unknown5432.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(6543, unknown6543.getNumber());
+
+    // Unknown EnumValueDescriptor will map to UNRECOGNIZED.
+    assertEquals(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.valueOf(unknown4321));
+    assertEquals(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.valueOf(unknown5432));
+    assertEquals(
+        TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.UNRECOGNIZED, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.valueOf(unknown6543));
+
+    // Setters also accept unknown EnumValueDescriptor.
+    builder.setField(optionalNestedEnumField, unknown6543);
+    builder.setRepeatedField(repeatedNestedEnumField, 0, unknown4321);
+    builder.setRepeatedField(packedNestedEnumField, 0, unknown5432);
+    message = builder.build();
+    // Like other descriptors, unknown EnumValueDescriptor can be compared by
+    // object identity.
+    assertSame(message.getField(optionalNestedEnumField), unknown6543);
+    assertSame(message.getRepeatedField(repeatedNestedEnumField, 0), unknown4321);
+    assertSame(message.getRepeatedField(packedNestedEnumField, 0), unknown5432);
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownEnumValueWithDynamicMessage() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    FieldDescriptor optionalNestedEnumField = descriptor.findFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
+    FieldDescriptor repeatedNestedEnumField = descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_nested_enum");
+    FieldDescriptor packedNestedEnumField = descriptor.findFieldByName("packed_nested_enum");
+    EnumDescriptor enumType = TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.getDescriptor();
+
+    Message dynamicMessageDefaultInstance = DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(descriptor);
+
+    Message.Builder builder = dynamicMessageDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+    builder.setField(optionalNestedEnumField, enumType.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(4321));
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        repeatedNestedEnumField, enumType.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(5432));
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        packedNestedEnumField, enumType.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(6543));
+    Message message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(
+        4321, ((EnumValueDescriptor) message.getField(optionalNestedEnumField)).getNumber());
+    assertEquals(
+        5432,
+        ((EnumValueDescriptor) message.getRepeatedField(repeatedNestedEnumField, 0)).getNumber());
+    assertEquals(
+        6543,
+        ((EnumValueDescriptor) message.getRepeatedField(packedNestedEnumField, 0)).getNumber());
+
+    // Test reflection based serialization/parsing implementation.
+    ByteString data = message.toByteString();
+    message = dynamicMessageDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(data).build();
+    assertEquals(
+        4321, ((EnumValueDescriptor) message.getField(optionalNestedEnumField)).getNumber());
+    assertEquals(
+        5432,
+        ((EnumValueDescriptor) message.getRepeatedField(repeatedNestedEnumField, 0)).getNumber());
+    assertEquals(
+        6543,
+        ((EnumValueDescriptor) message.getRepeatedField(packedNestedEnumField, 0)).getNumber());
+
+    // Test reflection based equals()/hashCode().
+    builder = dynamicMessageDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType();
+    builder.setField(optionalNestedEnumField, enumType.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(4321));
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        repeatedNestedEnumField, enumType.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(5432));
+    builder.addRepeatedField(
+        packedNestedEnumField, enumType.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(6543));
+    Message sameMessage = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message, sameMessage);
+    assertEquals(message.hashCode(), sameMessage.hashCode());
+    builder.setField(optionalNestedEnumField, enumType.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(0));
+    Message differentMessage = builder.build();
+    assertFalse(message.equals(differentMessage));
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownEnumValuesInTextFormat() {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.setOptionalNestedEnumValue(4321);
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedEnumValue(5432);
+    builder.addPackedNestedEnumValue(6543);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    // We can print a message with unknown enum values.
+    String textData = TextFormat.printer().printToString(message);
+    assertEquals(
+        "optional_nested_enum: UNKNOWN_ENUM_VALUE_NestedEnum_4321\n"
+            + "repeated_nested_enum: UNKNOWN_ENUM_VALUE_NestedEnum_5432\n"
+            + "packed_nested_enum: UNKNOWN_ENUM_VALUE_NestedEnum_6543\n",
+        textData);
+
+    // Parsing unknown enum values will fail just like parsing other kinds of
+    // unknown fields.
+    try {
+      TextFormat.merge(textData, builder);
+      fail();
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownEnumValuesInProto2() throws Exception {
+    Proto2EnumMessage.Builder sourceMessage = Proto2EnumMessage.newBuilder();
+    sourceMessage
+        .addRepeatedPackedEnum(Proto2TestEnum.ZERO)
+        .addRepeatedPackedEnum(Proto2TestEnum.TWO) // Unknown in parsed proto
+        .addRepeatedPackedEnum(Proto2TestEnum.ONE);
+
+    Proto2EnumMessageWithEnumSubset destMessage =
+        Proto2EnumMessageWithEnumSubset.parseFrom(sourceMessage.build().toByteArray());
+
+    // Known enum values should be preserved.
+    assertEquals(2, destMessage.getRepeatedPackedEnumCount());
+    assertEquals(Proto2TestEnumSubset.TESTENUM_SUBSET_ZERO, destMessage.getRepeatedPackedEnum(0));
+    assertEquals(Proto2TestEnumSubset.TESTENUM_SUBSET_ONE, destMessage.getRepeatedPackedEnum(1));
+
+    // Unknown enum values should be found in UnknownFieldSet.
+    UnknownFieldSet unknown = destMessage.getUnknownFields();
+    assertEquals(
+        Proto2TestEnum.TWO_VALUE,
+        unknown
+            .getField(Proto2EnumMessageWithEnumSubset.REPEATED_PACKED_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER)
+            .getVarintList()
+            .get(0)
+            .longValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownEnumValuesInProto2WithDynamicMessage() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor descriptor = Proto2EnumMessageWithEnumSubset.getDescriptor();
+    FieldDescriptor repeatedPackedField = descriptor.findFieldByName("repeated_packed_enum");
+
+    Proto2EnumMessage.Builder sourceMessage = Proto2EnumMessage.newBuilder();
+    sourceMessage
+        .addRepeatedPackedEnum(Proto2TestEnum.ZERO)
+        .addRepeatedPackedEnum(Proto2TestEnum.TWO) // Unknown in parsed proto
+        .addRepeatedPackedEnum(Proto2TestEnum.ONE);
+
+    DynamicMessage message =
+        DynamicMessage.parseFrom(
+            Proto2EnumMessageWithEnumSubset.getDescriptor(), sourceMessage.build().toByteArray());
+
+    // Known enum values should be preserved.
+    assertEquals(2, message.getRepeatedFieldCount(repeatedPackedField));
+    EnumValueDescriptor enumValue0 =
+        (EnumValueDescriptor) message.getRepeatedField(repeatedPackedField, 0);
+    EnumValueDescriptor enumValue1 =
+        (EnumValueDescriptor) message.getRepeatedField(repeatedPackedField, 1);
+
+    assertEquals(Proto2TestEnumSubset.TESTENUM_SUBSET_ZERO_VALUE, enumValue0.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(Proto2TestEnumSubset.TESTENUM_SUBSET_ONE_VALUE, enumValue1.getNumber());
+
+    // Unknown enum values should be found in UnknownFieldSet.
+    UnknownFieldSet unknown = message.getUnknownFields();
+    assertEquals(
+        Proto2TestEnum.TWO_VALUE,
+        unknown.getField(repeatedPackedField.getNumber()).getVarintList().get(0).longValue());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7eb57c63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignEnum;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+import proto3_unittest.UnittestProto3;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Map;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests related to unknown field handling.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+ */
+public class UnknownFieldSetTest extends TestCase {
+  @Override
+  public void setUp() throws Exception {
+    descriptor = TestAllTypes.getDescriptor();
+    allFields = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    allFieldsData = allFields.toByteString();
+    emptyMessage = TestEmptyMessage.parseFrom(allFieldsData);
+    unknownFields = emptyMessage.getUnknownFields();
+  }
+
+  UnknownFieldSet.Field getField(String name) {
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field = descriptor.findFieldByName(name);
+    assertNotNull(field);
+    return unknownFields.getField(field.getNumber());
+  }
+
+  // Constructs a protocol buffer which contains fields with all the same
+  // numbers as allFieldsData except that each field is some other wire
+  // type.
+  ByteString getBizarroData() throws Exception {
+    UnknownFieldSet.Builder bizarroFields = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field varintField = UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(1).build();
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field fixed32Field = UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addFixed32(1).build();
+
+    for (Map.Entry<Integer, UnknownFieldSet.Field> entry : unknownFields.asMap().entrySet()) {
+      if (entry.getValue().getVarintList().isEmpty()) {
+        // Original field is not a varint, so use a varint.
+        bizarroFields.addField(entry.getKey(), varintField);
+      } else {
+        // Original field *is* a varint, so use something else.
+        bizarroFields.addField(entry.getKey(), fixed32Field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return bizarroFields.build().toByteString();
+  }
+
+  Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor;
+  TestAllTypes allFields;
+  ByteString allFieldsData;
+
+  // An empty message that has been parsed from allFieldsData.  So, it has
+  // unknown fields of every type.
+  TestEmptyMessage emptyMessage;
+  UnknownFieldSet unknownFields;
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  public void testVarint() throws Exception {
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = getField("optional_int32");
+    assertEquals(1, field.getVarintList().size());
+    assertEquals(allFields.getOptionalInt32(), (long) field.getVarintList().get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testFixed32() throws Exception {
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = getField("optional_fixed32");
+    assertEquals(1, field.getFixed32List().size());
+    assertEquals(allFields.getOptionalFixed32(), (int) field.getFixed32List().get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testFixed64() throws Exception {
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = getField("optional_fixed64");
+    assertEquals(1, field.getFixed64List().size());
+    assertEquals(allFields.getOptionalFixed64(), (long) field.getFixed64List().get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testLengthDelimited() throws Exception {
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = getField("optional_bytes");
+    assertEquals(1, field.getLengthDelimitedList().size());
+    assertEquals(allFields.getOptionalBytes(), field.getLengthDelimitedList().get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testGroup() throws Exception {
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor nestedFieldDescriptor =
+        TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("a");
+    assertNotNull(nestedFieldDescriptor);
+
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = getField("optionalgroup");
+    assertEquals(1, field.getGroupList().size());
+
+    UnknownFieldSet group = field.getGroupList().get(0);
+    assertEquals(1, group.asMap().size());
+    assertTrue(group.hasField(nestedFieldDescriptor.getNumber()));
+
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field nestedField = group.getField(nestedFieldDescriptor.getNumber());
+    assertEquals(1, nestedField.getVarintList().size());
+    assertEquals(allFields.getOptionalGroup().getA(), (long) nestedField.getVarintList().get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testSerialize() throws Exception {
+    // Check that serializing the UnknownFieldSet produces the original data
+    // again.
+    ByteString data = emptyMessage.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(allFieldsData, data);
+  }
+
+  public void testCopyFrom() throws Exception {
+    TestEmptyMessage message = TestEmptyMessage.newBuilder().mergeFrom(emptyMessage).build();
+
+    assertEquals(emptyMessage.toString(), message.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeFrom() throws Exception {
+    TestEmptyMessage source =
+        TestEmptyMessage.newBuilder()
+            .setUnknownFields(
+                UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+                    .addField(2, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(2).build())
+                    .addField(3, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(4).build())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+    TestEmptyMessage destination =
+        TestEmptyMessage.newBuilder()
+            .setUnknownFields(
+                UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+                    .addField(1, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(1).build())
+                    .addField(3, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(3).build())
+                    .build())
+            .mergeFrom(source)
+            .build();
+
+    assertEquals("1: 1\n2: 2\n3: 3\n3: 4\n", destination.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testClear() throws Exception {
+    UnknownFieldSet fields = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder().mergeFrom(unknownFields).clear().build();
+    assertTrue(fields.asMap().isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  public void testClearMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestEmptyMessage message =
+        TestEmptyMessage.newBuilder().mergeFrom(emptyMessage).clear().build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  public void testClearField() throws Exception {
+    int fieldNumber = unknownFields.asMap().keySet().iterator().next();
+    UnknownFieldSet fields =
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder().mergeFrom(unknownFields).clearField(fieldNumber).build();
+    assertFalse(fields.hasField(fieldNumber));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseKnownAndUnknown() throws Exception {
+    // Test mixing known and unknown fields when parsing.
+
+    UnknownFieldSet fields =
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder(unknownFields)
+            .addField(123456, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(654321).build())
+            .build();
+
+    ByteString data = fields.toByteString();
+    TestAllTypes destination = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(data);
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(destination);
+    assertEquals(1, destination.getUnknownFields().asMap().size());
+
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = destination.getUnknownFields().getField(123456);
+    assertEquals(1, field.getVarintList().size());
+    assertEquals(654321, (long) field.getVarintList().get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testWrongTypeTreatedAsUnknown() throws Exception {
+    // Test that fields of the wrong wire type are treated like unknown fields
+    // when parsing.
+
+    ByteString bizarroData = getBizarroData();
+    TestAllTypes allTypesMessage = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(bizarroData);
+    TestEmptyMessage emptyMessage = TestEmptyMessage.parseFrom(bizarroData);
+
+    // All fields should have been interpreted as unknown, so the debug strings
+    // should be the same.
+    assertEquals(emptyMessage.toString(), allTypesMessage.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // Make sure fields are properly parsed to the UnknownFieldSet even when
+    // they are declared as extension numbers.
+
+    TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions message =
+        TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions.parseFrom(allFieldsData);
+
+    assertEquals(unknownFields.asMap().size(), message.getUnknownFields().asMap().size());
+    assertEquals(allFieldsData, message.toByteString());
+  }
+
+  public void testWrongExtensionTypeTreatedAsUnknown() throws Exception {
+    // Test that fields of the wrong wire type are treated like unknown fields
+    // when parsing extensions.
+
+    ByteString bizarroData = getBizarroData();
+    TestAllExtensions allExtensionsMessage = TestAllExtensions.parseFrom(bizarroData);
+    TestEmptyMessage emptyMessage = TestEmptyMessage.parseFrom(bizarroData);
+
+    // All fields should have been interpreted as unknown, so the debug strings
+    // should be the same.
+    assertEquals(emptyMessage.toString(), allExtensionsMessage.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseUnknownEnumValue() throws Exception {
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor singularField =
+        TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor repeatedField =
+        TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("repeated_nested_enum");
+    assertNotNull(singularField);
+    assertNotNull(repeatedField);
+
+    ByteString data =
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+            .addField(
+                singularField.getNumber(),
+                UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+                    .addVarint(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR.getNumber())
+                    .addVarint(5) // not valid
+                    .build())
+            .addField(
+                repeatedField.getNumber(),
+                UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+                    .addVarint(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO.getNumber())
+                    .addVarint(4) // not valid
+                    .addVarint(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ.getNumber())
+                    .addVarint(6) // not valid
+                    .build())
+            .build()
+            .toByteString();
+
+    {
+      TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(data);
+      assertEquals(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR, message.getOptionalNestedEnum());
+      assertEquals(
+          Arrays.asList(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ),
+          message.getRepeatedNestedEnumList());
+      assertEquals(
+          Arrays.asList(5L),
+          message.getUnknownFields().getField(singularField.getNumber()).getVarintList());
+      assertEquals(
+          Arrays.asList(4L, 6L),
+          message.getUnknownFields().getField(repeatedField.getNumber()).getVarintList());
+    }
+
+    {
+      TestAllExtensions message =
+          TestAllExtensions.parseFrom(data, TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry());
+      assertEquals(
+          TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR,
+          message.getExtension(UnittestProto.optionalNestedEnumExtension));
+      assertEquals(
+          Arrays.asList(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ),
+          message.getExtension(UnittestProto.repeatedNestedEnumExtension));
+      assertEquals(
+          Arrays.asList(5L),
+          message.getUnknownFields().getField(singularField.getNumber()).getVarintList());
+      assertEquals(
+          Arrays.asList(4L, 6L),
+          message.getUnknownFields().getField(repeatedField.getNumber()).getVarintList());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testLargeVarint() throws Exception {
+    ByteString data =
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+            .addField(1, UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL).build())
+            .build()
+            .toByteString();
+    UnknownFieldSet parsed = UnknownFieldSet.parseFrom(data);
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = parsed.getField(1);
+    assertEquals(1, field.getVarintList().size());
+    assertEquals(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL, (long) field.getVarintList().get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testEqualsAndHashCode() {
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field fixed32Field = UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addFixed32(1).build();
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field fixed64Field = UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addFixed64(1).build();
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field varIntField = UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addVarint(1).build();
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field lengthDelimitedField =
+        UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addLengthDelimited(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field groupField =
+        UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder().addGroup(unknownFields).build();
+
+    UnknownFieldSet a = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder().addField(1, fixed32Field).build();
+    UnknownFieldSet b = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder().addField(1, fixed64Field).build();
+    UnknownFieldSet c = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder().addField(1, varIntField).build();
+    UnknownFieldSet d = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder().addField(1, lengthDelimitedField).build();
+    UnknownFieldSet e = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder().addField(1, groupField).build();
+
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(a);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(b);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(c);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(d);
+    checkEqualsIsConsistent(e);
+
+    checkNotEqual(a, b);
+    checkNotEqual(a, c);
+    checkNotEqual(a, d);
+    checkNotEqual(a, e);
+    checkNotEqual(b, c);
+    checkNotEqual(b, d);
+    checkNotEqual(b, e);
+    checkNotEqual(c, d);
+    checkNotEqual(c, e);
+    checkNotEqual(d, e);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts that the given field sets are not equal and have different hash codes.
+   *
+   * <p><b>Note:</b> It's valid for non-equal objects to have the same hash code, so this test is
+   * stricter than it needs to be. However, this should happen relatively rarely.
+   */
+  private void checkNotEqual(UnknownFieldSet s1, UnknownFieldSet s2) {
+    String equalsError = String.format("%s should not be equal to %s", s1, s2);
+    assertFalse(equalsError, s1.equals(s2));
+    assertFalse(equalsError, s2.equals(s1));
+
+    assertFalse(
+        String.format("%s should have a different hash code from %s", s1, s2),
+        s1.hashCode() == s2.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  /** Asserts that the given field sets are equal and have identical hash codes. */
+  private void checkEqualsIsConsistent(UnknownFieldSet set) {
+    // Object should be equal to itself.
+    assertEquals(set, set);
+
+    // Object should be equal to a copy of itself.
+    UnknownFieldSet copy = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder(set).build();
+    assertEquals(set, copy);
+    assertEquals(copy, set);
+    assertEquals(set.hashCode(), copy.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  public void testProto3RoundTrip() throws Exception {
+    ByteString data = getBizarroData();
+
+    UnittestProto3.TestEmptyMessage message =
+        UnittestProto3.TestEmptyMessage.parseFrom(data, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+    assertEquals(data, message.toByteString());
+
+    message = UnittestProto3.TestEmptyMessage.newBuilder().mergeFrom(message).build();
+    assertEquals(data, message.toByteString());
+
+    assertEquals(
+        data,
+        UnittestProto3.TestMessageWithDummy.parseFrom(
+                data, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry())
+            .toBuilder()
+            // force copy-on-write
+            .setDummy(true)
+            .build()
+            .toBuilder()
+            .clearDummy()
+            .build()
+            .toByteString());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnmodifiableLazyStringListTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnmodifiableLazyStringListTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc73cc978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnmodifiableLazyStringListTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.ListIterator;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link UnmodifiableLazyStringList}.
+ *
+ * @author jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+ */
+public class UnmodifiableLazyStringListTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final String STRING_A = "A";
+  private static final String STRING_B = "B";
+  private static final String STRING_C = "C";
+
+  private static final ByteString BYTE_STRING_A = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("A");
+  private static final ByteString BYTE_STRING_B = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("B");
+  private static final ByteString BYTE_STRING_C = ByteString.copyFromUtf8("C");
+
+  public void testReadOnlyMethods() {
+    LazyStringArrayList rawList = createSampleList();
+    UnmodifiableLazyStringList list = new UnmodifiableLazyStringList(rawList);
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+    assertSame(STRING_A, list.get(0));
+    assertSame(STRING_B, list.get(1));
+    assertSame(STRING_C, list.get(2));
+    assertEquals(BYTE_STRING_A, list.getByteString(0));
+    assertEquals(BYTE_STRING_B, list.getByteString(1));
+    assertEquals(BYTE_STRING_C, list.getByteString(2));
+
+    List<ByteString> byteStringList = list.asByteStringList();
+    assertSame(list.getByteString(0), byteStringList.get(0));
+    assertSame(list.getByteString(1), byteStringList.get(1));
+    assertSame(list.getByteString(2), byteStringList.get(2));
+  }
+
+  public void testModifyMethods() {
+    LazyStringArrayList rawList = createSampleList();
+    UnmodifiableLazyStringList list = new UnmodifiableLazyStringList(rawList);
+
+    try {
+      list.remove(0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+
+    try {
+      list.add(STRING_B);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+
+    try {
+      list.set(1, STRING_B);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+
+    List<ByteString> byteStringList = list.asByteStringList();
+    try {
+      byteStringList.remove(0);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+    assertEquals(3, byteStringList.size());
+
+    try {
+      byteStringList.add(BYTE_STRING_B);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+    assertEquals(3, byteStringList.size());
+
+    try {
+      byteStringList.set(1, BYTE_STRING_B);
+      fail();
+    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+      // expected
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, list.size());
+    assertEquals(3, byteStringList.size());
+  }
+
+  public void testIterator() {
+    LazyStringArrayList rawList = createSampleList();
+    UnmodifiableLazyStringList list = new UnmodifiableLazyStringList(rawList);
+
+    Iterator<String> iter = list.iterator();
+    int count = 0;
+    while (iter.hasNext()) {
+      iter.next();
+      count++;
+      try {
+        iter.remove();
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // expected
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, count);
+
+    List<ByteString> byteStringList = list.asByteStringList();
+    Iterator<ByteString> byteIter = byteStringList.iterator();
+    count = 0;
+    while (byteIter.hasNext()) {
+      byteIter.next();
+      count++;
+      try {
+        byteIter.remove();
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // expected
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, count);
+  }
+
+  public void testListIterator() {
+    LazyStringArrayList rawList = createSampleList();
+    UnmodifiableLazyStringList list = new UnmodifiableLazyStringList(rawList);
+
+    ListIterator<String> iter = list.listIterator();
+    int count = 0;
+    while (iter.hasNext()) {
+      iter.next();
+      count++;
+      try {
+        iter.remove();
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // expected
+      }
+      try {
+        iter.set("bar");
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // expected
+      }
+      try {
+        iter.add("bar");
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // expected
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, count);
+
+    List<ByteString> byteStringList = list.asByteStringList();
+    ListIterator<ByteString> byteIter = byteStringList.listIterator();
+    count = 0;
+    while (byteIter.hasNext()) {
+      byteIter.next();
+      count++;
+      try {
+        byteIter.remove();
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // expected
+      }
+      try {
+        byteIter.set(BYTE_STRING_A);
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // expected
+      }
+      try {
+        byteIter.add(BYTE_STRING_A);
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        // expected
+      }
+    }
+    assertEquals(3, count);
+  }
+
+  private LazyStringArrayList createSampleList() {
+    LazyStringArrayList rawList = new LazyStringArrayList();
+    rawList.add(STRING_A);
+    rawList.add(STRING_B);
+    rawList.add(STRING_C);
+    return rawList;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Utf8Test.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Utf8Test.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc3c98510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Utf8Test.java
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link Utf8}. */
+public class Utf8Test extends TestCase {
+  private static final int NUM_CHARS = 16384;
+
+  private static final Utf8.Processor safeProcessor = new Utf8.SafeProcessor();
+  private static final Utf8.Processor unsafeProcessor = new Utf8.UnsafeProcessor();
+
+  public void testEncode() {
+    assertEncoding(randomString(0x80));
+    assertEncoding(randomString(0x90));
+    assertEncoding(randomString(0x800));
+    assertEncoding(randomString(0x10000));
+    assertEncoding(randomString(0x10ffff));
+  }
+
+  public void testEncode_insufficientSpace() {
+    assertEncoding_insufficientSpace(randomString(0x80));
+    assertEncoding_insufficientSpace(randomString(0x90));
+    assertEncoding_insufficientSpace(randomString(0x800));
+    assertEncoding_insufficientSpace(randomString(0x10000));
+    assertEncoding_insufficientSpace(randomString(0x10ffff));
+  }
+
+  public void testValid() {
+    assertIsValid(new byte[] {(byte) 0xE0, (byte) 0xB9, (byte) 0x96}, true);
+    assertIsValid(new byte[] {(byte) 0xF0, (byte) 0xB2, (byte) 0x83, (byte) 0xBC}, true);
+  }
+
+  public void testOverlongIsInvalid() {
+    assertIsValid(new byte[] {(byte) 0xC0, (byte) 0x81}, false);
+    assertIsValid(new byte[] {(byte) 0xE0, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0x81}, false);
+    assertIsValid(new byte[] {(byte) 0xF0, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0x81}, false);
+  }
+
+  public void testMaxCodepointExceeded() {
+    // byte1 > 0xF4
+    assertIsValid(new byte[] {(byte) 0xF5, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0x81}, false);
+  }
+
+  public void testInvalidSurrogateCodepoint() {
+    assertIsValid(new byte[] {(byte) 0xED, (byte) 0xA1, (byte) 0x81}, false);
+
+    // byte1 == 0xF0 && byte2 < 0x90
+    assertIsValid(new byte[] {(byte) 0xF0, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0x81}, false);
+    // byte1 == 0xF4 && byte2 > 0x8F
+    assertIsValid(new byte[] {(byte) 0xF4, (byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x81, (byte) 0x81}, false);
+  }
+
+  private static String randomString(int maxCodePoint) {
+    final long seed = 99;
+    final Random rnd = new Random(seed);
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    for (int j = 0; j < NUM_CHARS; j++) {
+      int codePoint;
+      do {
+        codePoint = rnd.nextInt(maxCodePoint);
+      } while (Utf8Utils.isSurrogate(codePoint));
+      sb.appendCodePoint(codePoint);
+    }
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  private static void assertIsValid(byte[] data, boolean valid) {
+    assertEquals("isValidUtf8[ARRAY]", valid, safeProcessor.isValidUtf8(data, 0, data.length));
+    assertEquals(
+        "isValidUtf8[ARRAY_UNSAFE]", valid, unsafeProcessor.isValidUtf8(data, 0, data.length));
+
+    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
+    assertEquals(
+        "isValidUtf8[NIO_HEAP]",
+        valid,
+        safeProcessor.isValidUtf8(buffer, buffer.position(), buffer.remaining()));
+
+    // Direct buffers.
+    buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(data.length);
+    buffer.put(data);
+    buffer.flip();
+    assertEquals(
+        "isValidUtf8[NIO_DEFAULT]",
+        valid,
+        safeProcessor.isValidUtf8(buffer, buffer.position(), buffer.remaining()));
+    assertEquals(
+        "isValidUtf8[NIO_UNSAFE]",
+        valid,
+        unsafeProcessor.isValidUtf8(buffer, buffer.position(), buffer.remaining()));
+  }
+
+  private static void assertEncoding(String message) {
+    byte[] expected = message.getBytes(Internal.UTF_8);
+    byte[] output = encodeToByteArray(message, expected.length, safeProcessor);
+    assertTrue("encodeUtf8[ARRAY]", Arrays.equals(expected, output));
+
+    output = encodeToByteArray(message, expected.length, unsafeProcessor);
+    assertTrue("encodeUtf8[ARRAY_UNSAFE]", Arrays.equals(expected, output));
+
+    output = encodeToByteBuffer(message, expected.length, false, safeProcessor);
+    assertTrue("encodeUtf8[NIO_HEAP]", Arrays.equals(expected, output));
+
+    output = encodeToByteBuffer(message, expected.length, true, safeProcessor);
+    assertTrue("encodeUtf8[NIO_DEFAULT]", Arrays.equals(expected, output));
+
+    output = encodeToByteBuffer(message, expected.length, true, unsafeProcessor);
+    assertTrue("encodeUtf8[NIO_UNSAFE]", Arrays.equals(expected, output));
+  }
+
+  private void assertEncoding_insufficientSpace(String message) {
+    final int length = message.length() - 1;
+    Class<ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException> clazz = ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class;
+
+    try {
+      encodeToByteArray(message, length, safeProcessor);
+      fail("Expected " + clazz.getSimpleName());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // Expected
+      assertExceptionType(t, clazz);
+      // byte[] + safeProcessor will not exit early. We can't match the message since we don't
+      // know which char/index due to random input.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      encodeToByteArray(message, length, unsafeProcessor);
+      fail("Expected " + clazz.getSimpleName());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      assertExceptionType(t, clazz);
+      // byte[] + unsafeProcessor will exit early, so we have can match the message.
+      assertExceptionMessage(t, length);
+    }
+
+    try {
+      encodeToByteBuffer(message, length, false, safeProcessor);
+      fail("Expected " + clazz.getSimpleName());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // Expected
+      assertExceptionType(t, clazz);
+      // ByteBuffer + safeProcessor will not exit early. We can't match the message since we don't
+      // know which char/index due to random input.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      encodeToByteBuffer(message, length, true, safeProcessor);
+      fail("Expected " + clazz.getSimpleName());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // Expected
+      assertExceptionType(t, clazz);
+      // ByteBuffer + safeProcessor will not exit early. We can't match the message since we don't
+      // know which char/index due to random input.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      encodeToByteBuffer(message, length, true, unsafeProcessor);
+      fail("Expected " + clazz.getSimpleName());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // Expected
+      assertExceptionType(t, clazz);
+      // Direct ByteBuffer + unsafeProcessor will exit early if it's not on Android, so we can
+      // match the message. On Android, a direct ByteBuffer will have hasArray() being true and
+      // it will take a different code path and produces a different message.
+      if (!Android.isOnAndroidDevice()) {
+        assertExceptionMessage(t, length);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static byte[] encodeToByteArray(String message, int length, Utf8.Processor processor) {
+    byte[] output = new byte[length];
+    processor.encodeUtf8(message, output, 0, output.length);
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  private static byte[] encodeToByteBuffer(
+      String message, int length, boolean direct, Utf8.Processor processor) {
+    ByteBuffer buffer = direct ? ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(length) : ByteBuffer.allocate(length);
+
+    processor.encodeUtf8(message, buffer);
+    buffer.flip();
+
+    byte[] output = new byte[buffer.remaining()];
+    buffer.get(output);
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  private <T extends Throwable> void assertExceptionType(Throwable t, Class<T> expected) {
+    if (!expected.isAssignableFrom(t.getClass())) {
+      fail("Expected " + expected.getSimpleName() + ", but found " + t.getClass().getSimpleName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertExceptionMessage(Throwable t, int index) {
+    String pattern = "Failed writing (.) at index " + index;
+    assertTrue(
+        t.getMessage() + " does not match pattern " + pattern,
+        Pattern.matches(pattern, t.getMessage()));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Utf8Utils.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Utf8Utils.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dbd3d3961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Utf8Utils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static java.lang.Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE;
+import static java.lang.Character.MIN_LOW_SURROGATE;
+import static java.lang.Character.MIN_SURROGATE;
+
+import java.util.Random;
+
+/** Utilities for benchmarking UTF-8. */
+final class Utf8Utils {
+  private Utf8Utils() {}
+
+  static class MaxCodePoint {
+    final int value;
+
+    /**
+     * Convert the input string to a code point. Accepts regular decimal numerals, hex strings, and
+     * some symbolic names meaningful to humans.
+     */
+    private static int decode(String userFriendly) {
+      try {
+        return Integer.decode(userFriendly);
+      } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {
+        if (userFriendly.matches("(?i)(?:American|English|ASCII)")) {
+          // 1-byte UTF-8 sequences - "American" ASCII text
+          return 0x80;
+        } else if (userFriendly.matches("(?i)(?:Danish|Latin|Western.*European)")) {
+          // Mostly 1-byte UTF-8 sequences, mixed with occasional 2-byte
+          // sequences - "Western European" text
+          return 0x90;
+        } else if (userFriendly.matches("(?i)(?:Greek|Cyrillic|European|ISO.?8859)")) {
+          // Mostly 2-byte UTF-8 sequences - "European" text
+          return 0x800;
+        } else if (userFriendly.matches("(?i)(?:Chinese|Han|Asian|BMP)")) {
+          // Mostly 3-byte UTF-8 sequences - "Asian" text
+          return Character.MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT;
+        } else if (userFriendly.matches("(?i)(?:Cuneiform|rare|exotic|supplementary.*)")) {
+          // Mostly 4-byte UTF-8 sequences - "rare exotic" text
+          return Character.MAX_CODE_POINT;
+        } else {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't decode codepoint " + userFriendly);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    public static MaxCodePoint valueOf(String userFriendly) {
+      return new MaxCodePoint(userFriendly);
+    }
+
+    public MaxCodePoint(String userFriendly) {
+      value = decode(userFriendly);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The Utf8 distribution of real data. The distribution is an array with length 4.
+   * "distribution[i]" means the total number of characters who are encoded with (i + 1) bytes.
+   *
+   * <p>GMM_UTF8_DISTRIBUTION is the distribution of gmm data set. GSR_UTF8_DISTRIBUTION is the
+   * distribution of gsreq/gsresp data set
+   */
+  public enum Utf8Distribution {
+    GMM_UTF8_DISTRIBUTION {
+      @Override
+      public int[] getDistribution() {
+        return new int[] {53059, 104, 0, 0};
+      }
+    },
+    GSR_UTF8_DISTRIBUTION {
+      @Override
+      public int[] getDistribution() {
+        return new int[] {119458, 74, 2706, 0};
+      }
+    };
+
+    public abstract int[] getDistribution();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an array of random strings.
+   *
+   * @param stringCount the number of strings to be created.
+   * @param charCount the number of characters per string.
+   * @param maxCodePoint the maximum code point for the characters in the strings.
+   * @return an array of random strings.
+   */
+  static String[] randomStrings(int stringCount, int charCount, MaxCodePoint maxCodePoint) {
+    final long seed = 99;
+    final Random rnd = new Random(seed);
+    String[] strings = new String[stringCount];
+    for (int i = 0; i < stringCount; i++) {
+      strings[i] = randomString(rnd, charCount, maxCodePoint);
+    }
+    return strings;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a random string
+   *
+   * @param rnd the random generator.
+   * @param charCount the number of characters per string.
+   * @param maxCodePoint the maximum code point for the characters in the strings.
+   */
+  static String randomString(Random rnd, int charCount, MaxCodePoint maxCodePoint) {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    for (int i = 0; i < charCount; i++) {
+      int codePoint;
+      do {
+        codePoint = rnd.nextInt(maxCodePoint.value);
+      } while (Utf8Utils.isSurrogate(codePoint));
+      sb.appendCodePoint(codePoint);
+    }
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  /** Character.isSurrogate was added in Java SE 7. */
+  static boolean isSurrogate(int c) {
+    return Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE <= c && c <= Character.MAX_LOW_SURROGATE;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an array of random strings according to UTF8 distribution.
+   *
+   * @param stringCount the number of strings to be created.
+   * @param charCount the number of characters per string.
+   */
+  static String[] randomStringsWithDistribution(
+      int stringCount, int charCount, Utf8Distribution utf8Distribution) {
+    final int[] distribution = utf8Distribution.getDistribution();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+      distribution[i + 1] += distribution[i];
+    }
+    final long seed = 99;
+    final Random rnd = new Random(seed);
+    String[] strings = new String[stringCount];
+    for (int i = 0; i < stringCount; i++) {
+      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+      for (int j = 0; j < charCount; j++) {
+        int codePoint;
+        do {
+          codePoint = rnd.nextInt(distribution[3]);
+          if (codePoint < distribution[0]) {
+            // 1 bytes
+            sb.append(0x7F);
+          } else if (codePoint < distribution[1]) {
+            // 2 bytes
+            sb.append(0x7FF);
+          } else if (codePoint < distribution[2]) {
+            // 3 bytes
+            sb.append(MIN_SURROGATE - 1);
+          } else {
+            // 4 bytes
+            sb.append(MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE);
+            sb.append(MIN_LOW_SURROGATE);
+          }
+        } while (Utf8Utils.isSurrogate(codePoint));
+        sb.appendCodePoint(codePoint);
+      }
+      strings[i] = sb.toString();
+    }
+    return strings;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WellKnownTypesTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WellKnownTypesTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..982e200f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WellKnownTypesTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.test.TestWellKnownTypes;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * This test ensures that well-known types are included in protobuf Java
+ * runtime library.
+ */
+public class WellKnownTypesTest extends TestCase {
+  public void testWellKnownTypes() {
+    // The test passes if it compiles.
+    TestWellKnownTypes message = TestWellKnownTypes.newBuilder().build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getAnyField().getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getApiField().getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getDurationField().getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getEmptyField().getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getFieldMaskField().getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getSourceContextField().getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getStructField().getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getTimestampField().getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getTypeField().getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getInt32Field().getSerializedSize());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormatLiteTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormatLiteTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a725d413f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormatLiteTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1023 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.optionalForeignEnumExtensionLite;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.ForeignEnumLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllExtensionsLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestPackedExtensionsLite;
+import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto;
+import map_test.MapTestProto.TestMap;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.RawMessageSet;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.TestMessageSetExtension1;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.TestMessageSetExtension2;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestExtensionInsideTable;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestFieldOrderings;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestOneof2;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestOneofBackwardsCompatible;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+import proto2_wireformat_unittest.UnittestMsetWireFormat.TestMessageSet;
+import proto3_unittest.UnittestProto3;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+public class WireFormatLiteTest extends TestCase {
+  public void testSerializeExtensionsLite() throws Exception {
+    // TestAllTypes and TestAllExtensions should have compatible wire formats,
+    // so if we serialize a TestAllExtensions then parse it as TestAllTypes
+    // it should work.
+
+    TestAllExtensionsLite message = TestUtilLite.getAllLiteExtensionsSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.size(), message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializePackedExtensionsLite() throws Exception {
+    // TestPackedTypes and TestPackedExtensions should have compatible wire
+    // formats; check that they serialize to the same string.
+    TestPackedExtensionsLite message = TestUtilLite.getLitePackedExtensionsSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    TestPackedTypes message2 = TestUtil.getPackedSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes2 = message2.toByteString();
+
+    assertEquals(rawBytes, rawBytes2);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseExtensionsLite() throws Exception {
+    // TestAllTypes and TestAllExtensions should have compatible wire formats,
+    // so if we serialize a TestAllTypes then parse it as TestAllExtensions
+    // it should work.
+
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    ExtensionRegistryLite registryLite = TestUtilLite.getExtensionRegistryLite();
+
+    TestAllExtensionsLite message2 = TestAllExtensionsLite.parseFrom(rawBytes, registryLite);
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+    message2 = TestAllExtensionsLite.parseFrom(message.toByteArray(), registryLite);
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testParsePackedExtensionsLite() throws Exception {
+    // Ensure that packed extensions can be properly parsed.
+    TestPackedExtensionsLite message = TestUtilLite.getLitePackedExtensionsSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    ExtensionRegistryLite registry = TestUtilLite.getExtensionRegistryLite();
+
+    TestPackedExtensionsLite message2 = TestPackedExtensionsLite.parseFrom(rawBytes, registry);
+    TestUtil.assertPackedExtensionsSet(message2);
+    message2 = TestPackedExtensionsLite.parseFrom(message.toByteArray(), registry);
+    TestUtil.assertPackedExtensionsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerialization() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.size(), message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializationPacked() throws Exception {
+    TestPackedTypes message = TestUtil.getPackedSet();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.size(), message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    TestPackedTypes message2 = TestPackedTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // TestAllTypes and TestAllExtensions should have compatible wire formats,
+    // so if we serialize a TestAllExtensions then parse it as TestAllTypes
+    // it should work.
+
+    TestAllExtensions message = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.size(), message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializePackedExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // TestPackedTypes and TestPackedExtensions should have compatible wire
+    // formats; check that they serialize to the same string.
+    TestPackedExtensions message = TestUtil.getPackedExtensionsSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    TestPackedTypes message2 = TestUtil.getPackedSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes2 = message2.toByteString();
+
+    assertEquals(rawBytes, rawBytes2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializationPackedWithoutGetSerializedSize() throws Exception {
+    // Write directly to an OutputStream, without invoking getSerializedSize()
+    // This used to be a bug where the size of a packed field was incorrect,
+    // since getSerializedSize() was never invoked.
+    TestPackedTypes message = TestUtil.getPackedSet();
+
+    // Directly construct a CodedOutputStream around the actual OutputStream,
+    // in case writeTo(OutputStream output) invokes getSerializedSize();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(outputStream);
+
+    message.writeTo(codedOutput);
+
+    codedOutput.flush();
+
+    TestPackedTypes message2 = TestPackedTypes.parseFrom(outputStream.toByteArray());
+
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // TestAllTypes and TestAllExtensions should have compatible wire formats,
+    // so if we serialize a TestAllTypes then parse it as TestAllExtensions
+    // it should work.
+
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    ExtensionRegistryLite registry = TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry();
+
+    TestAllExtensions message2 = TestAllExtensions.parseFrom(rawBytes, registry);
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testParsePackedExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // Ensure that packed extensions can be properly parsed.
+    TestPackedExtensions message = TestUtil.getPackedExtensionsSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    ExtensionRegistryLite registry = TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry();
+
+    TestPackedExtensions message2 = TestPackedExtensions.parseFrom(rawBytes, registry);
+
+    TestUtil.assertPackedExtensionsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeDelimited() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    TestUtil.getAllSet().writeDelimitedTo(output);
+    output.write(12);
+    TestUtil.getPackedSet().writeDelimitedTo(output);
+    output.write(34);
+
+    ByteArrayInputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(output.toByteArray());
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(TestAllTypes.parseDelimitedFrom(input));
+    assertEquals(12, input.read());
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(TestPackedTypes.parseDelimitedFrom(input));
+    assertEquals(34, input.read());
+    assertEquals(-1, input.read());
+
+    // We're at EOF, so parsing again should return null.
+    assertNull(TestAllTypes.parseDelimitedFrom(input));
+  }
+
+  private ExtensionRegistryLite getTestFieldOrderingsRegistry() {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite result = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+    result.add(UnittestProto.myExtensionInt);
+    result.add(UnittestProto.myExtensionString);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMultipleExtensionRanges() throws Exception {
+    // Make sure we can parse a message that contains multiple extensions
+    // ranges.
+    TestFieldOrderings source =
+        TestFieldOrderings.newBuilder()
+            .setMyInt(1)
+            .setMyString("foo")
+            .setMyFloat(1.0F)
+            .setExtension(UnittestProto.myExtensionInt, 23)
+            .setExtension(UnittestProto.myExtensionString, "bar")
+            .build();
+    TestFieldOrderings dest =
+        TestFieldOrderings.parseFrom(source.toByteString(), getTestFieldOrderingsRegistry());
+    assertEquals(source, dest);
+  }
+
+  private static ExtensionRegistryLite getTestExtensionInsideTableRegistry() {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite result = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+    result.add(UnittestProto.testExtensionInsideTableExtension);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionInsideTable() throws Exception {
+    // Make sure the extension within the range of table is parsed correctly in experimental
+    // runtime.
+    TestExtensionInsideTable source =
+        TestExtensionInsideTable.newBuilder()
+            .setField1(1)
+            .setExtension(UnittestProto.testExtensionInsideTableExtension, 23)
+            .build();
+    TestExtensionInsideTable dest =
+        TestExtensionInsideTable.parseFrom(
+            source.toByteString(), getTestExtensionInsideTableRegistry());
+    assertEquals(source, dest);
+  }
+
+  private static final int UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID = 1550055;
+  private static final int TYPE_ID_1 = 1545008;
+  private static final int TYPE_ID_2 = 1547769;
+
+  public void testSerializeMessageSetEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testSerializeMessageSetWithFlag(true);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeMessageSetNotEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testSerializeMessageSetWithFlag(false);
+  }
+
+  private void testSerializeMessageSetWithFlag(boolean eagerParsing) throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(byteArrayOutputStream);
+    output.writeRawMessageSetExtension(UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID, ByteString.copyFromUtf8("bar"));
+    output.flush();
+    byte[] messageSetBytes = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
+
+    ExtensionRegistryLite.setEagerlyParseMessageSets(eagerParsing);
+    // Set up a TestMessageSet with two known messages and an unknown one.
+    TestMessageSet messageSet =
+        TestMessageSet.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(
+                TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension,
+                TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder().setI(123).build())
+            .setExtension(
+                TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension,
+                TestMessageSetExtension2.newBuilder().setStr("foo").build())
+            .mergeFrom(messageSetBytes)
+            .build();
+
+    ByteString data = messageSet.toByteString();
+
+    // Parse back using RawMessageSet and check the contents.
+    RawMessageSet raw = RawMessageSet.parseFrom(data);
+
+    assertEquals(3, raw.getItemCount());
+    assertEquals(TYPE_ID_1, raw.getItem(0).getTypeId());
+    assertEquals(TYPE_ID_2, raw.getItem(1).getTypeId());
+    assertEquals(UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID, raw.getItem(2).getTypeId());
+
+    TestMessageSetExtension1 message1 =
+        TestMessageSetExtension1.parseFrom(raw.getItem(0).getMessage());
+    assertEquals(123, message1.getI());
+
+    TestMessageSetExtension2 message2 =
+        TestMessageSetExtension2.parseFrom(raw.getItem(1).getMessage());
+    assertEquals("foo", message2.getStr());
+
+    assertEquals("bar", raw.getItem(2).getMessage().toStringUtf8());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMessageSetEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testParseMessageSetWithFlag(true);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMessageSetNotEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testParseMessageSetWithFlag(false);
+  }
+
+  private void testParseMessageSetWithFlag(boolean eagerParsing) throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite.setEagerlyParseMessageSets(eagerParsing);
+    ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension);
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension);
+
+    // Set up a RawMessageSet with two known messages and an unknown one.
+    RawMessageSet raw =
+        RawMessageSet.newBuilder()
+            .addItem(
+                RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+                    .setTypeId(TYPE_ID_1)
+                    .setMessage(
+                        TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder().setI(123).build().toByteString())
+                    .build())
+            .addItem(
+                RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+                    .setTypeId(TYPE_ID_2)
+                    .setMessage(
+                        TestMessageSetExtension2.newBuilder().setStr("foo").build().toByteString())
+                    .build())
+            .addItem(
+                RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+                    .setTypeId(UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID)
+                    .setMessage(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("bar"))
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+
+    ByteString data = raw.toByteString();
+
+    // Parse as a TestMessageSet and check the contents.
+    TestMessageSet messageSet = TestMessageSet.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+
+    assertEquals(123, messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+    assertEquals(
+        "foo", messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension).getStr());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMessageSetExtensionEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testParseMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(true);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMessageSetExtensionNotEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testParseMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(false);
+  }
+
+  private void testParseMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(boolean eagerParsing) throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite.setEagerlyParseMessageSets(eagerParsing);
+    ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension);
+
+    // Set up a RawMessageSet with a known messages.
+    int typeId1 = 1545008;
+    RawMessageSet raw =
+        RawMessageSet.newBuilder()
+            .addItem(
+                RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+                    .setTypeId(typeId1)
+                    .setMessage(
+                        TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder().setI(123).build().toByteString())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+
+    ByteString data = raw.toByteString();
+
+    // Parse as a TestMessageSet and check the contents.
+    TestMessageSet messageSet = TestMessageSet.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+    assertEquals(123, messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(true);
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionNotEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(false);
+  }
+
+  private void testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(boolean eagerParsing) throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite.setEagerlyParseMessageSets(eagerParsing);
+    ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension);
+
+    // Set up a RawMessageSet with a known messages.
+    int typeId1 = 1545008;
+    RawMessageSet raw =
+        RawMessageSet.newBuilder()
+            .addItem(
+                RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+                    .setTypeId(typeId1)
+                    .setMessage(
+                        TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder().setI(123).build().toByteString())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+
+    ByteString data = raw.toByteString();
+
+    // Parse as a TestMessageSet and store value into lazy field
+    TestMessageSet messageSet = TestMessageSet.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+    // Merge lazy field check the contents.
+    messageSet = messageSet.toBuilder().mergeFrom(data, extensionRegistry).build();
+    assertEquals(123, messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeMessageSetExtensionEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testMergeMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(true);
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeMessageSetExtensionNotEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testMergeMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(false);
+  }
+
+  private void testMergeMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(boolean eagerParsing) throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite.setEagerlyParseMessageSets(eagerParsing);
+    ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension);
+
+    // Set up a RawMessageSet with a known messages.
+    int typeId1 = 1545008;
+    RawMessageSet raw =
+        RawMessageSet.newBuilder()
+            .addItem(
+                RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+                    .setTypeId(typeId1)
+                    .setMessage(
+                        TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder().setI(123).build().toByteString())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+
+    // Serialize RawMessageSet unnormally (message value before type id)
+    ByteString.CodedBuilder out = ByteString.newCodedBuilder(raw.getSerializedSize());
+    CodedOutputStream output = out.getCodedOutput();
+    List<RawMessageSet.Item> items = raw.getItemList();
+    for (RawMessageSet.Item item : items) {
+      output.writeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      output.writeBytes(3, item.getMessage());
+      output.writeInt32(2, item.getTypeId());
+      output.writeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+    ByteString data = out.build();
+
+    // Merge bytes into TestMessageSet and check the contents.
+    TestMessageSet messageSet =
+        TestMessageSet.newBuilder().mergeFrom(data, extensionRegistry).build();
+    assertEquals(123, messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+  }
+
+  // ================================================================
+  // oneof
+  public void testOneofWireFormat() throws Exception {
+    TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setOneof(builder);
+    TestOneof2 message = builder.build();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.size(), message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    TestOneof2 message2 = TestOneof2.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+    TestUtil.assertOneofSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testOneofOnlyLastSet() throws Exception {
+    TestOneofBackwardsCompatible source =
+        TestOneofBackwardsCompatible.newBuilder().setFooInt(100).setFooString("101").build();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = source.toByteString();
+    TestOneof2 message = TestOneof2.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+    assertFalse(message.hasFooInt());
+    assertTrue(message.hasFooString());
+  }
+
+  private void assertInvalidWireFormat(
+      MessageLite defaultInstance, byte[] data, int offset, int length) {
+    // Test all combinations: (builder vs parser) x (byte[] vs. InputStream).
+    try {
+      defaultInstance.newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(data, offset, length);
+      fail("Expected exception");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Pass.
+    }
+    try {
+      defaultInstance.getParserForType().parseFrom(data, offset, length);
+      fail("Expected exception");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Pass.
+    }
+    try {
+      InputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(data, offset, length);
+      defaultInstance.newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(input);
+      fail("Expected exception");
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // Pass.
+    }
+    try {
+      InputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(data, offset, length);
+      defaultInstance.getParserForType().parseFrom(input);
+      fail("Expected exception");
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // Pass.
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertInvalidWireFormat(MessageLite defaultInstance, byte[] data) {
+    assertInvalidWireFormat(defaultInstance, data, 0, data.length);
+  }
+
+  private void assertInvalidWireFormat(byte[] data) {
+    assertInvalidWireFormat(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), data);
+    assertInvalidWireFormat(UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), data);
+  }
+
+  public void testParserRejectInvalidTag() throws Exception {
+    byte[] invalidTags =
+        new byte[] {
+          // Zero tag is not allowed.
+          0,
+          // Invalid wire types.
+          (byte) WireFormat.makeTag(1, 6),
+          (byte) WireFormat.makeTag(1, 7),
+          // Field number 0 is not allowed.
+          (byte) WireFormat.makeTag(0, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+        };
+    for (byte invalidTag : invalidTags) {
+      // Add a trailing 0 to make sure the parsing actually fails on the tag.
+      byte[] data = new byte[] {invalidTag, 0};
+      assertInvalidWireFormat(data);
+
+      // Invalid tag in an unknown group field.
+      data =
+          new byte[] {
+            (byte) WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP),
+            invalidTag,
+            0,
+            (byte) WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP),
+          };
+      assertInvalidWireFormat(data);
+
+      // Invalid tag in a MessageSet item.
+      data =
+          new byte[] {
+            (byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_TAG,
+            (byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID_TAG,
+            100, // TYPE_ID = 100
+            (byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE_TAG,
+            0, // empty payload
+            invalidTag,
+            0,
+            (byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_END_TAG,
+          };
+      assertInvalidWireFormat(TestMessageSet.getDefaultInstance(), data);
+
+      // Invalid tag inside a MessageSet item's unknown group.
+      data =
+          new byte[] {
+            (byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_TAG,
+            (byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID_TAG,
+            100, // TYPE_ID = 100
+            (byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE_TAG,
+            0, // empty payload
+            (byte) WireFormat.makeTag(4, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP),
+            invalidTag,
+            0,
+            (byte) WireFormat.makeTag(4, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP),
+            (byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_END_TAG,
+          };
+      assertInvalidWireFormat(TestMessageSet.getDefaultInstance(), data);
+
+      // Invalid tag inside a map field.
+      data =
+          new byte[] {
+            (byte) WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED), 2, invalidTag, 0,
+          };
+      assertInvalidWireFormat(TestMap.getDefaultInstance(), data);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testUnmatchedGroupTag() throws Exception {
+    int startTag = WireFormat.makeTag(16, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+    byte[] data =
+        new byte[] {
+          (byte) ((startTag & 0x7F) | 0x80), (byte) ((startTag >>> 7) & 0x7F),
+        };
+    assertInvalidWireFormat(data);
+
+    // Unmatched group tags inside a MessageSet item.
+    data =
+        new byte[] {
+          (byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_TAG,
+          (byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID_TAG,
+          100, // TYPE_ID = 100
+          (byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE_TAG,
+          0, // empty payload
+          (byte) WireFormat.makeTag(4, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP),
+        };
+    assertInvalidWireFormat(TestMessageSet.getDefaultInstance(), data);
+  }
+
+  private void assertAccepted(MessageLite defaultInstance, byte[] data) throws Exception {
+    MessageLite message1 = defaultInstance.newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(data).build();
+    MessageLite message2 = defaultInstance.getParserForType().parseFrom(data);
+    MessageLite message3 =
+        defaultInstance.newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(data)).build();
+    MessageLite message4 =
+        defaultInstance.getParserForType().parseFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(data));
+    assertEquals(message1, message2);
+    assertEquals(message2, message3);
+    assertEquals(message3, message4);
+  }
+
+  public void testUnmatchedWireType() throws Exception {
+    // Build a payload with all fields from 1 to 128 being varints. Parsing it into TestAllTypes
+    // or other message types should succeed even though the wire type doesn't match for some
+    // fields.
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(output);
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 128; i++) {
+      codedOutput.writeInt32(i, 0);
+    }
+    codedOutput.flush();
+    byte[] data = output.toByteArray();
+    // It can be parsed into any message type that doesn't have required fields.
+    assertAccepted(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), data);
+    assertAccepted(UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), data);
+    assertAccepted(TestMap.getDefaultInstance(), data);
+    assertAccepted(MapForProto2TestProto.TestMap.getDefaultInstance(), data);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseTruncatedPackedFields() throws Exception {
+    TestPackedTypes all = TestUtil.getPackedSet();
+    TestPackedTypes[] messages =
+        new TestPackedTypes[] {
+          TestPackedTypes.newBuilder().addAllPackedInt32(all.getPackedInt32List()).build(),
+          TestPackedTypes.newBuilder().addAllPackedInt64(all.getPackedInt64List()).build(),
+          TestPackedTypes.newBuilder().addAllPackedUint32(all.getPackedUint32List()).build(),
+          TestPackedTypes.newBuilder().addAllPackedUint64(all.getPackedUint64List()).build(),
+          TestPackedTypes.newBuilder().addAllPackedSint32(all.getPackedSint32List()).build(),
+          TestPackedTypes.newBuilder().addAllPackedSint64(all.getPackedSint64List()).build(),
+          TestPackedTypes.newBuilder().addAllPackedFixed32(all.getPackedFixed32List()).build(),
+          TestPackedTypes.newBuilder().addAllPackedFixed64(all.getPackedFixed64List()).build(),
+          TestPackedTypes.newBuilder().addAllPackedSfixed32(all.getPackedSfixed32List()).build(),
+          TestPackedTypes.newBuilder().addAllPackedSfixed64(all.getPackedSfixed64List()).build(),
+          TestPackedTypes.newBuilder().addAllPackedFloat(all.getPackedFloatList()).build(),
+          TestPackedTypes.newBuilder().addAllPackedDouble(all.getPackedDoubleList()).build(),
+          TestPackedTypes.newBuilder().addAllPackedEnum(all.getPackedEnumList()).build(),
+        };
+    for (TestPackedTypes message : messages) {
+      byte[] data = message.toByteArray();
+      // Parsing truncated payload should fail.
+      for (int i = 1; i < data.length; i++) {
+        assertInvalidWireFormat(TestPackedTypes.getDefaultInstance(), data, 0, i);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParsePackedFieldsWithIncorrectLength() throws Exception {
+    // Set the length-prefix to 1 with a 4-bytes payload to test what happens when reading a packed
+    // element moves the reading position past the given length limit. It should result in an
+    // InvalidProtocolBufferException but an implementation may forget to check it especially for
+    // packed varint fields.
+    byte[] data =
+        new byte[] {
+          0,
+          0, // first two bytes is reserved for the tag.
+          1, // length is 1
+          (byte) 0x80,
+          (byte) 0x80,
+          (byte) 0x80,
+          (byte) 0x01, // a 4-bytes varint
+        };
+    // All fields that can read a 4-bytes varint (all varint fields and fixed 32-bit fields).
+    int[] fieldNumbers =
+        new int[] {
+          TestPackedTypes.PACKED_INT32_FIELD_NUMBER,
+          TestPackedTypes.PACKED_INT64_FIELD_NUMBER,
+          TestPackedTypes.PACKED_UINT32_FIELD_NUMBER,
+          TestPackedTypes.PACKED_UINT64_FIELD_NUMBER,
+          TestPackedTypes.PACKED_SINT32_FIELD_NUMBER,
+          TestPackedTypes.PACKED_SINT64_FIELD_NUMBER,
+          TestPackedTypes.PACKED_FIXED32_FIELD_NUMBER,
+          TestPackedTypes.PACKED_SFIXED32_FIELD_NUMBER,
+          TestPackedTypes.PACKED_FLOAT_FIELD_NUMBER,
+          TestPackedTypes.PACKED_BOOL_FIELD_NUMBER,
+          TestPackedTypes.PACKED_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER,
+        };
+    for (int number : fieldNumbers) {
+      // Set the tag.
+      data[0] =
+          (byte) ((WireFormat.makeTag(number, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      data[1] =
+          (byte) ((WireFormat.makeTag(number, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) >>> 7) & 0x7F);
+      assertInvalidWireFormat(TestPackedTypes.getDefaultInstance(), data);
+    }
+
+    // Data with 8-bytes payload to test some fixed 64-bit fields.
+    byte[] data8Bytes =
+        new byte[] {
+          0,
+          0, // first two bytes is reserved for the tag.
+          1, // length is 1
+          (byte) 0x80,
+          (byte) 0x80,
+          (byte) 0x80,
+          (byte) 0x80,
+          (byte) 0x80,
+          (byte) 0x80,
+          (byte) 0x80,
+          (byte) 0x01, // a 8-bytes varint
+        };
+    // All fields that can only read 8-bytes data.
+    int[] fieldNumbers8Bytes =
+        new int[] {
+          TestPackedTypes.PACKED_FIXED64_FIELD_NUMBER,
+          TestPackedTypes.PACKED_SFIXED64_FIELD_NUMBER,
+          TestPackedTypes.PACKED_DOUBLE_FIELD_NUMBER,
+        };
+    for (int number : fieldNumbers8Bytes) {
+      // Set the tag.
+      data8Bytes[0] =
+          (byte) ((WireFormat.makeTag(number, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      data8Bytes[1] =
+          (byte) ((WireFormat.makeTag(number, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) >>> 7) & 0x7F);
+      assertInvalidWireFormat(TestPackedTypes.getDefaultInstance(), data8Bytes);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseVarintMinMax() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalInt32(Integer.MIN_VALUE)
+            .addRepeatedInt32(Integer.MAX_VALUE)
+            .setOptionalInt64(Long.MIN_VALUE)
+            .addRepeatedInt64(Long.MAX_VALUE)
+            .build();
+    TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(Integer.MIN_VALUE, parsed.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, parsed.getRepeatedInt32(0));
+    assertEquals(Long.MIN_VALUE, parsed.getOptionalInt64());
+    assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, parsed.getRepeatedInt64(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseAllVarintBits() throws Exception {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+      final int value = 1 << i;
+      TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(value).build();
+      TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+      assertEquals(value, parsed.getOptionalInt32());
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
+      final long value = 1L << i;
+      TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt64(value).build();
+      TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+      assertEquals(value, parsed.getOptionalInt64());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseEmptyUnknownLengthDelimitedField() throws Exception {
+    byte[] data =
+        new byte[] {(byte) WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED), 0};
+    TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(data);
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(data, parsed.toByteArray()));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseEmptyString() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalString("").build();
+    TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals("", parsed.getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseEmptyStringProto3() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalString("").build();
+    // Note that we are parsing from a proto2 proto to a proto3 proto because empty string field is
+    // not serialized in proto3.
+    UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes parsed =
+        UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals("", parsed.getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseEmptyBytes() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, parsed.getOptionalBytes());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseEmptyRepeatedStringField() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .addRepeatedString("")
+            .addRepeatedString("")
+            .addRepeatedString("0")
+            .build();
+    TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(3, parsed.getRepeatedStringCount());
+    assertEquals("", parsed.getRepeatedString(0));
+    assertEquals("", parsed.getRepeatedString(1));
+    assertEquals("0", parsed.getRepeatedString(2));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseEmptyRepeatedStringFieldProto3() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .addRepeatedString("")
+            .addRepeatedString("")
+            .addRepeatedString("0")
+            .addRepeatedBytes(ByteString.EMPTY)
+            .build();
+    UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes parsed =
+        UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(3, parsed.getRepeatedStringCount());
+    assertEquals("", parsed.getRepeatedString(0));
+    assertEquals("", parsed.getRepeatedString(1));
+    assertEquals("0", parsed.getRepeatedString(2));
+  }
+
+  public void testParseEmptyRepeatedBytesField() throws Exception {
+    ByteString oneByte = ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {1});
+    TestAllTypes message =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .addRepeatedBytes(ByteString.EMPTY)
+            .addRepeatedBytes(ByteString.EMPTY)
+            .addRepeatedBytes(oneByte)
+            .build();
+    TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(3, parsed.getRepeatedBytesCount());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, parsed.getRepeatedBytes(0));
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, parsed.getRepeatedBytes(1));
+    assertEquals(oneByte, parsed.getRepeatedBytes(2));
+  }
+
+  public void testSkipUnknownFieldInMessageSetItem() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    // MessageSet item's start tag.
+    output.write((byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_TAG);
+    // Put all field types into the item.
+    TestUtil.getAllSet().writeTo(output);
+    // Closing the item with the real payload and closing tag.
+    output.write(
+        new byte[] {
+          (byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID_TAG,
+          100, // TYPE_ID = 100
+          (byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE_TAG,
+          0, // empty payload
+          (byte) WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_END_TAG,
+        });
+    byte[] data = output.toByteArray();
+    TestMessageSet parsed = TestMessageSet.parseFrom(data);
+
+    // Convert to RawMessageSet for inspection.
+    RawMessageSet raw = RawMessageSet.parseFrom(parsed.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(1, raw.getItemCount());
+    assertEquals(100, raw.getItem(0).getTypeId());
+    assertEquals(0, raw.getItem(0).getMessage().size());
+  }
+
+  public void testProto2UnknownEnumValuesInOptionalField() throws Exception {
+    // Proto2 doesn't allow setting unknown enum values so we use proto3 to build a message with
+    // unknown enum values
+    UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes message =
+        UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalNestedEnumValue(4321).build();
+    TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertFalse(parsed.hasOptionalNestedEnum());
+    // Make sure unknown enum values are preserved.
+    UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes actual =
+        UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes.parseFrom(parsed.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(4321, actual.getOptionalNestedEnumValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testProto2UnknownEnumValuesInRepeatedField() throws Exception {
+    // Proto2 doesn't allow setting unknown enum values so we use proto3 to build a message with
+    // unknown enum values
+    UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes message =
+        UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes.newBuilder().addRepeatedNestedEnumValue(5432).build();
+    TestAllTypes parsed = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(0, parsed.getRepeatedNestedEnumCount());
+    // Make sure unknown enum values are preserved.
+    UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes actual =
+        UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes.parseFrom(parsed.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(1, actual.getRepeatedNestedEnumCount());
+    assertEquals(5432, actual.getRepeatedNestedEnumValue(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testProto2UnknownEnumValuesInMapField() throws Exception {
+    // Proto2 doesn't allow setting unknown enum values so we use proto3 to build a message with
+    // unknown enum values
+    TestMap message = TestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(1, 4321).build();
+    MapForProto2TestProto.TestMap parsed =
+        MapForProto2TestProto.TestMap.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(0, parsed.getInt32ToEnumFieldMap().size());
+    // Make sure unknown enum values are preserved.
+    TestMap actual = TestMap.parseFrom(parsed.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(1, actual.getInt32ToEnumFieldMap().size());
+    assertEquals(4321, actual.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrThrow(1));
+  }
+
+  public void testProto2UnknownEnumValuesInOneof() throws Exception {
+    // Proto2 doesn't allow setting unknown enum values so we use proto3 to build a message with
+    // unknown enum values
+    UnittestProto3.TestOneof2 message =
+        UnittestProto3.TestOneof2.newBuilder().setFooEnumValue(1234).build();
+    TestOneof2 parsed = TestOneof2.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertFalse(parsed.hasFooEnum());
+    // Make sure unknown enum values are preserved.
+    UnittestProto3.TestOneof2 actual = UnittestProto3.TestOneof2.parseFrom(parsed.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(1234, actual.getFooEnumValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testProto2UnknownEnumValuesInExtension() throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry = TestUtilLite.getExtensionRegistryLite();
+    // Raw bytes for "[.optional_foreign_enum_extension_lite]: 10"
+    final byte[] rawBytes = new byte[]{-80, 1, 10};
+    TestAllExtensionsLite testAllExtensionsLite =
+        TestAllExtensionsLite.parseFrom(rawBytes, extensionRegistry);
+    assertEquals(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_FOO,
+        testAllExtensionsLite.getExtension(optionalForeignEnumExtensionLite));
+    final byte[] resultRawBytes = testAllExtensionsLite.toByteArray();
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.length, resultRawBytes.length);
+    for (int i = 0; i < rawBytes.length; i++) {
+      assertEquals(rawBytes[i], resultRawBytes[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testProto3UnknownEnumValuesInOptionalField() throws Exception {
+    UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes message =
+        UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalNestedEnumValue(4321).build();
+    UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes parsed =
+        UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(4321, parsed.getOptionalNestedEnumValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testProto3UnknownEnumValuesInRepeatedField() throws Exception {
+    UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes message =
+        UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes.newBuilder().addRepeatedNestedEnumValue(5432).build();
+    UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes parsed =
+        UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(1, parsed.getRepeatedNestedEnumCount());
+    assertEquals(5432, parsed.getRepeatedNestedEnumValue(0));
+  }
+
+  public void testProto3UnknownEnumValuesInMapField() throws Exception {
+    TestMap message = TestMap.newBuilder().putInt32ToEnumFieldValue(1, 4321).build();
+    TestMap parsed = TestMap.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(1, parsed.getInt32ToEnumFieldMap().size());
+    assertEquals(4321, parsed.getInt32ToEnumFieldValueOrThrow(1));
+  }
+
+  public void testProto3UnknownEnumValuesInOneof() throws Exception {
+    UnittestProto3.TestOneof2 message =
+        UnittestProto3.TestOneof2.newBuilder().setFooEnumValue(1234).build();
+    UnittestProto3.TestOneof2 parsed = UnittestProto3.TestOneof2.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(1234, parsed.getFooEnumValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testProto3MessageFieldMergeBehavior() throws Exception {
+    UnittestProto3.NestedTestAllTypes message1 =
+        UnittestProto3.NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .setPayload(
+                UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+                    .setOptionalInt32(1234)
+                    .setOptionalInt64(5678))
+            .build();
+    UnittestProto3.NestedTestAllTypes message2 =
+        UnittestProto3.NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .setPayload(
+                UnittestProto3.TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+                    .setOptionalInt32(4321)
+                    .setOptionalUint32(8765))
+            .build();
+
+    UnittestProto3.NestedTestAllTypes merged =
+        UnittestProto3.NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .mergeFrom(message1.toByteArray())
+            .mergeFrom(message2.toByteArray())
+            .build();
+    // Field values coming later in the stream override earlier values.
+    assertEquals(4321, merged.getPayload().getOptionalInt32());
+    // Field values present in either message should be present in the merged result.
+    assertEquals(5678, merged.getPayload().getOptionalInt64());
+    assertEquals(8765, merged.getPayload().getOptionalUint32());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeFromPartialByteArray() throws Exception {
+    byte[] data = TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteArray();
+    byte[] dataWithPaddings = new byte[data.length + 2];
+    System.arraycopy(data, 0, dataWithPaddings, 1, data.length);
+    // Parsing will fail if the builder (or parser) interprets offset or length incorrectly.
+    TestAllTypes.newBuilder().mergeFrom(dataWithPaddings, 1, data.length);
+    TestAllTypes.parser().parseFrom(dataWithPaddings, 1, data.length);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormatTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45a396acd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.RawMessageSet;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.TestMessageSetExtension1;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestMset.TestMessageSetExtension2;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestExtensionInsideTable;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestFieldOrderings;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestOneof2;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestOneofBackwardsCompatible;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedExtensions;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
+import proto2_wireformat_unittest.UnittestMsetWireFormat.TestMessageSet;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests related to parsing and serialization.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+ */
+public class WireFormatTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private static final int TYPE_ID_1 =
+      TestMessageSetExtension1.getDescriptor().getExtensions().get(0).getNumber();
+  private static final int TYPE_ID_2 =
+      TestMessageSetExtension2.getDescriptor().getExtensions().get(0).getNumber();
+  private static final int UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID = 1550055;
+
+  public void testSerialization() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.size(), message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializationPacked() throws Exception {
+    TestPackedTypes message = TestUtil.getPackedSet();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.size(), message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    TestPackedTypes message2 = TestPackedTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // TestAllTypes and TestAllExtensions should have compatible wire formats,
+    // so if we serialize a TestAllExtensions then parse it as TestAllTypes
+    // it should work.
+
+    TestAllExtensions message = TestUtil.getAllExtensionsSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.size(), message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializePackedExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // TestPackedTypes and TestPackedExtensions should have compatible wire
+    // formats; check that they serialize to the same string.
+    TestPackedExtensions message = TestUtil.getPackedExtensionsSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    TestPackedTypes message2 = TestUtil.getPackedSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes2 = message2.toByteString();
+
+    assertEquals(rawBytes, rawBytes2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializationPackedWithoutGetSerializedSize() throws Exception {
+    // Write directly to an OutputStream, without invoking getSerializedSize()
+    // This used to be a bug where the size of a packed field was incorrect,
+    // since getSerializedSize() was never invoked.
+    TestPackedTypes message = TestUtil.getPackedSet();
+
+    // Directly construct a CodedOutputStream around the actual OutputStream,
+    // in case writeTo(OutputStream output) invokes getSerializedSize();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream codedOutput = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(outputStream);
+
+    message.writeTo(codedOutput);
+
+    codedOutput.flush();
+
+    TestPackedTypes message2 = TestPackedTypes.parseFrom(outputStream.toByteArray());
+
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // TestAllTypes and TestAllExtensions should have compatible wire formats,
+    // so if we serialize a TestAllTypes then parse it as TestAllExtensions
+    // it should work.
+
+    TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    ExtensionRegistryLite registry = TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry();
+
+    TestAllExtensions message2 = TestAllExtensions.parseFrom(rawBytes, registry);
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testParsePackedExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // Ensure that packed extensions can be properly parsed.
+    TestPackedExtensions message = TestUtil.getPackedExtensionsSet();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    ExtensionRegistryLite registry = TestUtil.getExtensionRegistry();
+
+    TestPackedExtensions message2 = TestPackedExtensions.parseFrom(rawBytes, registry);
+
+    TestUtil.assertPackedExtensionsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeDelimited() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    TestUtil.getAllSet().writeDelimitedTo(output);
+    output.write(12);
+    TestUtil.getPackedSet().writeDelimitedTo(output);
+    output.write(34);
+
+    ByteArrayInputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(output.toByteArray());
+
+    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(TestAllTypes.parseDelimitedFrom(input));
+    assertEquals(12, input.read());
+    TestUtil.assertPackedFieldsSet(TestPackedTypes.parseDelimitedFrom(input));
+    assertEquals(34, input.read());
+    assertEquals(-1, input.read());
+
+    // We're at EOF, so parsing again should return null.
+    assertTrue(TestAllTypes.parseDelimitedFrom(input) == null);
+  }
+
+  private void assertFieldsInOrder(ByteString data) throws Exception {
+    CodedInputStream input = data.newCodedInput();
+    int previousTag = 0;
+
+    while (true) {
+      int tag = input.readTag();
+      if (tag == 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      assertTrue(tag > previousTag);
+      previousTag = tag;
+      input.skipField(tag);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testInterleavedFieldsAndExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // Tests that fields are written in order even when extension ranges
+    // are interleaved with field numbers.
+    ByteString data =
+        TestFieldOrderings.newBuilder()
+            .setMyInt(1)
+            .setMyString("foo")
+            .setMyFloat(1.0F)
+            .setExtension(UnittestProto.myExtensionInt, 23)
+            .setExtension(UnittestProto.myExtensionString, "bar")
+            .build()
+            .toByteString();
+    assertFieldsInOrder(data);
+
+    Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor = TestFieldOrderings.getDescriptor();
+    ByteString dynamicData =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestFieldOrderings.getDescriptor())
+            .setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("my_int"), 1L)
+            .setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("my_string"), "foo")
+            .setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("my_float"), 1.0F)
+            .setField(UnittestProto.myExtensionInt.getDescriptor(), 23)
+            .setField(UnittestProto.myExtensionString.getDescriptor(), "bar")
+            .build()
+            .toByteString();
+    assertFieldsInOrder(dynamicData);
+  }
+
+  private ExtensionRegistry getTestFieldOrderingsRegistry() {
+    ExtensionRegistry result = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    result.add(UnittestProto.myExtensionInt);
+    result.add(UnittestProto.myExtensionString);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMultipleExtensionRanges() throws Exception {
+    // Make sure we can parse a message that contains multiple extensions
+    // ranges.
+    TestFieldOrderings source =
+        TestFieldOrderings.newBuilder()
+            .setMyInt(1)
+            .setMyString("foo")
+            .setMyFloat(1.0F)
+            .setExtension(UnittestProto.myExtensionInt, 23)
+            .setExtension(UnittestProto.myExtensionString, "bar")
+            .build();
+    TestFieldOrderings dest =
+        TestFieldOrderings.parseFrom(source.toByteString(), getTestFieldOrderingsRegistry());
+    assertEquals(source, dest);
+  }
+
+  private static ExtensionRegistry getTestExtensionInsideTableRegistry() {
+    ExtensionRegistry result = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    result.add(UnittestProto.testExtensionInsideTableExtension);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionInsideTable() throws Exception {
+    // Make sure the extension within the range of table is parsed correctly in experimental
+    // runtime.
+    TestExtensionInsideTable source =
+        TestExtensionInsideTable.newBuilder()
+            .setField1(1)
+            .setExtension(UnittestProto.testExtensionInsideTableExtension, 23)
+            .build();
+    TestExtensionInsideTable dest =
+        TestExtensionInsideTable.parseFrom(
+            source.toByteString(), getTestExtensionInsideTableRegistry());
+    assertEquals(source, dest);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMultipleExtensionRangesDynamic() throws Exception {
+    // Same as above except with DynamicMessage.
+    Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor = TestFieldOrderings.getDescriptor();
+    DynamicMessage source =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestFieldOrderings.getDescriptor())
+            .setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("my_int"), 1L)
+            .setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("my_string"), "foo")
+            .setField(descriptor.findFieldByName("my_float"), 1.0F)
+            .setField(UnittestProto.myExtensionInt.getDescriptor(), 23)
+            .setField(UnittestProto.myExtensionString.getDescriptor(), "bar")
+            .build();
+    DynamicMessage dest =
+        DynamicMessage.parseFrom(
+            descriptor, source.toByteString(), getTestFieldOrderingsRegistry());
+    assertEquals(source, dest);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeMessageSetEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testSerializeMessageSetWithFlag(true);
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeMessageSetNotEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testSerializeMessageSetWithFlag(false);
+  }
+
+  private void testSerializeMessageSetWithFlag(boolean eagerParsing) throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite.setEagerlyParseMessageSets(eagerParsing);
+    // Set up a TestMessageSet with two known messages and an unknown one.
+    TestMessageSet messageSet =
+        TestMessageSet.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(
+                TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension,
+                TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder().setI(123).build())
+            .setExtension(
+                TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension,
+                TestMessageSetExtension2.newBuilder().setStr("foo").build())
+            .setUnknownFields(
+                UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder()
+                    .addField(
+                        UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID,
+                        UnknownFieldSet.Field.newBuilder()
+                            .addLengthDelimited(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("bar"))
+                            .build())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+
+    ByteString data = messageSet.toByteString();
+
+    // Parse back using RawMessageSet and check the contents.
+    RawMessageSet raw = RawMessageSet.parseFrom(data);
+
+    assertTrue(raw.getUnknownFields().asMap().isEmpty());
+
+    assertEquals(3, raw.getItemCount());
+    assertEquals(TYPE_ID_1, raw.getItem(0).getTypeId());
+    assertEquals(TYPE_ID_2, raw.getItem(1).getTypeId());
+    assertEquals(UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID, raw.getItem(2).getTypeId());
+
+    TestMessageSetExtension1 message1 =
+        TestMessageSetExtension1.parseFrom(raw.getItem(0).getMessage());
+    assertEquals(123, message1.getI());
+
+    TestMessageSetExtension2 message2 =
+        TestMessageSetExtension2.parseFrom(raw.getItem(1).getMessage());
+    assertEquals("foo", message2.getStr());
+
+    assertEquals("bar", raw.getItem(2).getMessage().toStringUtf8());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMessageSetEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testParseMessageSetWithFlag(true);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMessageSetNotEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testParseMessageSetWithFlag(false);
+  }
+
+  private void testParseMessageSetWithFlag(boolean eagerParsing) throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite.setEagerlyParseMessageSets(eagerParsing);
+    ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension);
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension);
+
+    // Set up a RawMessageSet with two known messages and an unknown one.
+    RawMessageSet raw =
+        RawMessageSet.newBuilder()
+            .addItem(
+                RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+                    .setTypeId(TYPE_ID_1)
+                    .setMessage(
+                        TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder().setI(123).build().toByteString())
+                    .build())
+            .addItem(
+                RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+                    .setTypeId(TYPE_ID_2)
+                    .setMessage(
+                        TestMessageSetExtension2.newBuilder().setStr("foo").build().toByteString())
+                    .build())
+            .addItem(
+                RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+                    .setTypeId(UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID)
+                    .setMessage(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("bar"))
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+
+    ByteString data = raw.toByteString();
+
+    // Parse as a TestMessageSet and check the contents.
+    TestMessageSet messageSet = TestMessageSet.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+
+    assertEquals(123, messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+    assertEquals(
+        "foo", messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension).getStr());
+
+    // Check for unknown field with type LENGTH_DELIMITED,
+    //   number UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID, and contents "bar".
+    UnknownFieldSet unknownFields = messageSet.getUnknownFields();
+    assertEquals(1, unknownFields.asMap().size());
+    assertTrue(unknownFields.hasField(UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID));
+
+    UnknownFieldSet.Field field = unknownFields.getField(UNKNOWN_TYPE_ID);
+    assertEquals(1, field.getLengthDelimitedList().size());
+    assertEquals("bar", field.getLengthDelimitedList().get(0).toStringUtf8());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMessageSetExtensionEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testParseMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(true);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseMessageSetExtensionNotEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testParseMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(false);
+  }
+
+  private void testParseMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(boolean eagerParsing) throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite.setEagerlyParseMessageSets(eagerParsing);
+    ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension);
+
+    // Set up a RawMessageSet with a known messages.
+    RawMessageSet raw =
+        RawMessageSet.newBuilder()
+            .addItem(
+                RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+                    .setTypeId(TYPE_ID_1)
+                    .setMessage(
+                        TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder().setI(123).build().toByteString())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+
+    ByteString data = raw.toByteString();
+
+    // Parse as a TestMessageSet and check the contents.
+    TestMessageSet messageSet = TestMessageSet.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+    assertEquals(123, messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(true);
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionNotEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(false);
+  }
+
+  private void testMergeLazyMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(boolean eagerParsing) throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite.setEagerlyParseMessageSets(eagerParsing);
+    ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension);
+
+    // Set up a RawMessageSet with a known messages.
+    RawMessageSet raw =
+        RawMessageSet.newBuilder()
+            .addItem(
+                RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+                    .setTypeId(TYPE_ID_1)
+                    .setMessage(
+                        TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder().setI(123).build().toByteString())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+
+    ByteString data = raw.toByteString();
+
+    // Parse as a TestMessageSet and store value into lazy field
+    TestMessageSet messageSet = TestMessageSet.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+    // Merge lazy field check the contents.
+    messageSet = messageSet.toBuilder().mergeFrom(data, extensionRegistry).build();
+    assertEquals(123, messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeMessageSetExtensionEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testMergeMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(true);
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeMessageSetExtensionNotEagerly() throws Exception {
+    testMergeMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(false);
+  }
+
+  private void testMergeMessageSetExtensionWithFlag(boolean eagerParsing) throws Exception {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite.setEagerlyParseMessageSets(eagerParsing);
+    ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
+    extensionRegistry.add(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension);
+
+    // Set up a RawMessageSet with a known messages.
+    RawMessageSet raw =
+        RawMessageSet.newBuilder()
+            .addItem(
+                RawMessageSet.Item.newBuilder()
+                    .setTypeId(TYPE_ID_1)
+                    .setMessage(
+                        TestMessageSetExtension1.newBuilder().setI(123).build().toByteString())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+
+    // Serialize RawMessageSet unnormally (message value before type id)
+    ByteString.CodedBuilder out = ByteString.newCodedBuilder(raw.getSerializedSize());
+    CodedOutputStream output = out.getCodedOutput();
+    List<RawMessageSet.Item> items = raw.getItemList();
+    for (int i = 0; i < items.size(); i++) {
+      RawMessageSet.Item item = items.get(i);
+      output.writeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      output.writeBytes(3, item.getMessage());
+      output.writeInt32(2, item.getTypeId());
+      output.writeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+    ByteString data = out.build();
+
+    // Merge bytes into TestMessageSet and check the contents.
+    TestMessageSet messageSet =
+        TestMessageSet.newBuilder().mergeFrom(data, extensionRegistry).build();
+    assertEquals(123, messageSet.getExtension(TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension).getI());
+  }
+
+  // ================================================================
+  // oneof
+  public void testOneofWireFormat() throws Exception {
+    TestOneof2.Builder builder = TestOneof2.newBuilder();
+    TestUtil.setOneof(builder);
+    TestOneof2 message = builder.build();
+    ByteString rawBytes = message.toByteString();
+
+    assertEquals(rawBytes.size(), message.getSerializedSize());
+
+    TestOneof2 message2 = TestOneof2.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+    TestUtil.assertOneofSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  public void testOneofOnlyLastSet() throws Exception {
+    TestOneofBackwardsCompatible source =
+        TestOneofBackwardsCompatible.newBuilder().setFooInt(100).setFooString("101").build();
+
+    ByteString rawBytes = source.toByteString();
+    TestOneof2 message = TestOneof2.parseFrom(rawBytes);
+    assertFalse(message.hasFooInt());
+    assertTrue(message.hasFooString());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WrappersLiteOfMethodTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WrappersLiteOfMethodTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4a3c7647f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WrappersLiteOfMethodTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.wrapperstest.WrappersTestProto.TopLevelMessage;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+public class WrappersLiteOfMethodTest extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testOf() throws Exception {
+    TopLevelMessage.Builder builder = TopLevelMessage.newBuilder();
+    builder.setFieldDouble(DoubleValue.of(2.333));
+    builder.setFieldFloat(FloatValue.of(2.333f));
+    builder.setFieldInt32(Int32Value.of(2333));
+    builder.setFieldInt64(Int64Value.of(23333333333333L));
+    builder.setFieldUint32(UInt32Value.of(2333));
+    builder.setFieldUint64(UInt64Value.of(23333333333333L));
+    builder.setFieldBool(BoolValue.of(true));
+    builder.setFieldString(StringValue.of("23333"));
+    builder.setFieldBytes(BytesValue.of(ByteString.wrap("233".getBytes(Internal.UTF_8))));
+
+    TopLevelMessage message = builder.build();
+    assertTrue(2.333 == message.getFieldDouble().getValue());
+    assertTrue(2.333f == message.getFieldFloat().getValue());
+    assertTrue(2333 == message.getFieldInt32().getValue());
+    assertTrue(23333333333333L == message.getFieldInt64().getValue());
+    assertTrue(2333 == message.getFieldUint32().getValue());
+    assertTrue(23333333333333L == message.getFieldUint64().getValue());
+    assertTrue(true == message.getFieldBool().getValue());
+    assertTrue(message.getFieldString().getValue().equals("23333"));
+    assertTrue(message.getFieldBytes().getValue().toStringUtf8().equals("233"));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WrappersOfMethodTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WrappersOfMethodTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f0d662d0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WrappersOfMethodTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.wrapperstest.WrappersTestProto.TopLevelMessage;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+public class WrappersOfMethodTest extends TestCase {
+
+  public void testOf() throws Exception {
+    TopLevelMessage.Builder builder = TopLevelMessage.newBuilder();
+    builder.setFieldDouble(DoubleValue.of(2.333));
+    builder.setFieldFloat(FloatValue.of(2.333f));
+    builder.setFieldInt32(Int32Value.of(2333));
+    builder.setFieldInt64(Int64Value.of(23333333333333L));
+    builder.setFieldUint32(UInt32Value.of(2333));
+    builder.setFieldUint64(UInt64Value.of(23333333333333L));
+    builder.setFieldBool(BoolValue.of(true));
+    builder.setFieldString(StringValue.of("23333"));
+    builder.setFieldBytes(BytesValue.of(ByteString.wrap("233".getBytes(Internal.UTF_8))));
+
+    TopLevelMessage message = builder.build();
+    assertTrue(2.333 == message.getFieldDouble().getValue());
+    assertTrue(2.333f == message.getFieldFloat().getValue());
+    assertTrue(2333 == message.getFieldInt32().getValue());
+    assertTrue(23333333333333L == message.getFieldInt64().getValue());
+    assertTrue(2333 == message.getFieldUint32().getValue());
+    assertTrue(23333333333333L == message.getFieldUint64().getValue());
+    assertTrue(true == message.getFieldBool().getValue());
+    assertTrue(message.getFieldString().getValue().equals("23333"));
+    assertTrue(message.getFieldBytes().getValue().toStringUtf8().equals("233"));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/any_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/any_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99d52b75c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/any_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package any_test;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+
+option java_package = "any_test";
+option java_outer_classname = "AnyTestProto";
+
+message TestAny {
+  google.protobuf.Any value = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/cached_field_size_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/cached_field_size_test.proto
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9579a0a50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/cached_field_size_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A regression test for b/74087933
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto";
+
+option optimize_for = CODE_SIZE;
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+message TestCachedFieldSizeMessage {
+  optional protobuf_unittest.TestPackedTypes proto2_child = 1;
+  optional proto3_unittest.TestPackedTypes proto3_child = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/deprecated_file.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/deprecated_file.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca90e927c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/deprecated_file.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package deprecated_file;
+
+option deprecated = true;
+
+// TODO (liujisi): Add deprecation options on messages, enums fields as well and
+// add tests to verify those annotations are actually generated.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/field_presence_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/field_presence_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28f365835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/field_presence_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package field_presence_test;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "FieldPresenceTestProto";
+
+message TestAllTypes {
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+  }
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 value = 1;
+  }
+
+  int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  string optional_string = 2;
+  bytes optional_bytes = 3;
+  NestedEnum optional_nested_enum = 4;
+  NestedMessage optional_nested_message = 5;
+  protobuf_unittest.TestRequired optional_proto2_message = 6;
+  NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 7 [lazy = true];
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    int32 oneof_int32 = 11;
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 12;
+    string oneof_string = 13;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 14;
+    NestedEnum oneof_nested_enum = 15;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 16;
+    protobuf_unittest.TestRequired oneof_proto2_message = 17;
+  }
+
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 21;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 22;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 23;
+  repeated NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 24;
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_nested_message = 25;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest.TestRequired repeated_proto2_message = 26;
+  repeated NestedEnum packed_nested_enum = 27 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestOptionalFieldsOnly {
+  int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  string optional_string = 2;
+  bytes optional_bytes = 3;
+  TestAllTypes.NestedEnum optional_nested_enum = 4;
+  TestAllTypes.NestedMessage optional_nested_message = 5;
+  protobuf_unittest.TestRequired optional_proto2_message = 6;
+  TestAllTypes.NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 7 [lazy = true];
+}
+
+message TestRepeatedFieldsOnly {
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 21;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 22;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 23;
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 24;
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedMessage repeated_nested_message = 25;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest.TestRequired repeated_proto2_message = 26;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/lazy_fields_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/lazy_fields_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..736a344f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/lazy_fields_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Naoki Iwasaki (niwasaki@google.com)
+//
+// A proto file with lazy fields
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+message LazyMessageLite {
+  optional int32 num = 1;
+  optional int32 num_with_default = 2 [default = 421];
+  optional LazyInnerMessageLite inner = 3 [lazy = true];
+  repeated LazyInnerMessageLite repeated_inner = 4 [lazy = true];
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    int32 oneof_num = 5;
+    LazyInnerMessageLite oneof_inner = 6 [lazy = true];
+  }
+}
+
+message LazyInnerMessageLite {
+  optional int32 num = 1;
+  optional int32 num_with_default = 2 [default = 42];
+  optional LazyNestedInnerMessageLite nested = 3 [lazy = true];
+
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message LazyExtension {
+  extend LazyInnerMessageLite {
+    optional LazyExtension extension = 1000;
+  }
+  optional string name = 1;
+}
+
+message LazyNestedInnerMessageLite {
+  optional int32 num = 1;
+  optional int32 num_with_default = 2 [default = 4];
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/lite_equals_and_hash.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/lite_equals_and_hash.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..080c5192b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/lite_equals_and_hash.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: pbogle@google.com (Phil Bogle)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash;
+
+
+message TestOneofEquals {
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    string name = 1;
+    int32 value = 2;
+  }
+}
+
+message Foo {
+  optional int32 value = 1;
+  repeated Bar bar = 2;
+  map<string, string> my_map = 3;
+  oneof Single {
+    sint64 sint64 = 4;
+    // LINT: ALLOW_GROUPS
+    group MyGroup = 5 {
+      optional int32 value = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message Bar {
+  extend Foo {
+    optional Bar foo_ext = 100;
+  }
+
+  optional string name = 1;
+}
+
+message BarPrime {
+  optional string name = 1;
+}
+
+message Empty {}
+
+extend Foo {
+  optional int32 varint = 101;
+  optional fixed32 fixed32 = 102;
+  optional fixed64 fixed64 = 103;
+  optional group MyGroup = 104 {
+    optional string group_value = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestRecursiveOneof {
+  oneof Foo {
+    TestRecursiveOneof r = 1;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_lite_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_lite_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ec968819
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_lite_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+
+option java_outer_classname = "MapForProto2TestProto";
+
+message TestMap {
+  message MessageValue {
+    optional int32 value = 1;
+  }
+  enum EnumValue {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+    QUX = 3;
+  }
+
+  map<int32, int32> int32_to_int32_field = 1;
+  map<int32, string> int32_to_string_field = 2;
+  map<int32, bytes> int32_to_bytes_field = 3;
+  map<int32, EnumValue> int32_to_enum_field = 4;
+  map<int32, MessageValue> int32_to_message_field = 5;
+  map<string, int32> string_to_int32_field = 6;
+
+  message MessageWithRequiredFields {
+    required int32 value = 1;
+  }
+  map<int32, MessageWithRequiredFields> required_message_map = 11;
+}
+
+message TestUnknownEnumValue {
+  // Wire-compatible with TestMap.int32_to_enum_field so we can test the
+  // parsing behavior of TestMap regarding unknown enum values.
+  map<int32, int32> int32_to_int32_field = 4;
+}
+
+// Test that the maps initialization code works correctly when the map field
+// references the containing message.
+message TestRecursiveMap {
+  optional int32 value = 1;
+  map<int32, TestRecursiveMap> recursive_map_field = 2;
+}
+
+// a decoy of TestMap for testing parsing errors
+message BizarroTestMap {
+  // same key type, different value
+  map<int32, bytes> int32_to_int32_field = 1;
+  // different key and value types
+  map<string, int32> int32_to_string_field = 2;
+  // different key types, same value
+  map<string, int32> int32_to_bytes_field = 3;
+  // different key and value types
+  map<string, bytes> int32_to_enum_field = 4;
+  // different key and value types
+  map<string, bytes> int32_to_message_field = 5;
+  // same key type, different value
+  map<string, bytes> string_to_int32_field = 6;
+}
+
+// Used to test that java reserved words can be used as protobuf field names
+// Not all reserved words are tested (to avoid bloat) but instead an arbitrary
+// subset of them chosen to cover various keyword categories like
+// type, modifier, declaration, etc.
+message ReservedAsMapField {
+  map<string, uint32> if = 1;
+  map<string, uint32> const = 2;
+  map<string, uint32> private = 3;
+  map<string, uint32> class = 4;
+  map<string, uint32> int = 5;
+  map<string, uint32> void = 6;
+  // These are also proto keywords
+  map<string, uint32> string = 7;
+  map<string, uint32> package = 8;
+  // Most recent Java reserved word
+  map<string, uint32> enum = 9;
+  // null is not a 'reserved word' per se but as a literal needs similar care
+  map<string, uint32> null = 10;
+}
+
+message ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue {
+  enum SampleEnum {
+    A = 0;
+    B = 1;
+  }
+  map<string, SampleEnum> if = 1;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> const = 2;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> private = 3;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> class = 4;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> int = 5;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> void = 6;
+  // These are also proto keywords
+  map<string, SampleEnum> string = 7;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> package = 8;
+  // Most recent Java reserved word
+  map<string, SampleEnum> enum = 9;
+  // null is not a 'reserved word' per se but as a literal needs similar care
+  map<string, SampleEnum> null = 10;
+}
+package map_for_proto2_lite_test;
+option java_package = "map_lite_test";
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f73bd6375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package map_for_proto2_test;
+
+option java_package = "map_test";
+option java_outer_classname = "MapForProto2TestProto";
+
+message TestMap {
+  message MessageValue {
+    optional int32 value = 1;
+  }
+  enum EnumValue {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+    QUX = 3;
+  }
+
+  map<int32, int32> int32_to_int32_field = 1;
+  map<int32, string> int32_to_string_field = 2;
+  map<int32, bytes> int32_to_bytes_field = 3;
+  map<int32, EnumValue> int32_to_enum_field = 4;
+  map<int32, MessageValue> int32_to_message_field = 5;
+  map<string, int32> string_to_int32_field = 6;
+
+  message MessageWithRequiredFields {
+    required int32 value = 1;
+  }
+  map<int32, MessageWithRequiredFields> required_message_map = 11;
+}
+
+message TestUnknownEnumValue {
+  // Wire-compatible with TestMap.int32_to_enum_field so we can test the
+  // parsing behavior of TestMap regarding unknown enum values.
+  map<int32, int32> int32_to_int32_field = 4;
+}
+
+// Test that the maps initialization code works correctly when the map field
+// references the containing message.
+message TestRecursiveMap {
+  optional int32 value = 1;
+  map<int32, TestRecursiveMap> recursive_map_field = 2;
+}
+
+// a decoy of TestMap for testing parsing errors
+message BizarroTestMap {
+  // same key type, different value
+  map<int32, bytes> int32_to_int32_field = 1;
+  // different key and value types
+  map<string, int32> int32_to_string_field = 2;
+  // different key types, same value
+  map<string, int32> int32_to_bytes_field = 3;
+  // different key and value types
+  map<string, bytes> int32_to_enum_field = 4;
+  // different key and value types
+  map<string, bytes> int32_to_message_field = 5;
+  // same key type, different value
+  map<string, bytes> string_to_int32_field = 6;
+}
+
+// Used to test that java reserved words can be used as protobuf field names
+// Not all reserved words are tested (to avoid bloat) but instead an arbitrary
+// subset of them chosen to cover various keyword categories like
+// type, modifier, declaration, etc.
+message ReservedAsMapField {
+  map<string, uint32> if = 1;
+  map<string, uint32> const = 2;
+  map<string, uint32> private = 3;
+  map<string, uint32> class = 4;
+  map<string, uint32> int = 5;
+  map<string, uint32> void = 6;
+  // These are also proto keywords
+  map<string, uint32> string = 7;
+  map<string, uint32> package = 8;
+  // Most recent Java reserved word
+  map<string, uint32> enum = 9;
+  // null is not a 'reserved word' per se but as a literal needs similar care
+  map<string, uint32> null = 10;
+}
+
+message ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue {
+  enum SampleEnum {
+    A = 0;
+    B = 1;
+  }
+  map<string, SampleEnum> if = 1;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> const = 2;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> private = 3;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> class = 4;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> int = 5;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> void = 6;
+  // These are also proto keywords
+  map<string, SampleEnum> string = 7;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> package = 8;
+  // Most recent Java reserved word
+  map<string, SampleEnum> enum = 9;
+  // null is not a 'reserved word' per se but as a literal needs similar care
+  map<string, SampleEnum> null = 10;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_initialization_order_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_initialization_order_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ebef5eba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_initialization_order_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Regression test for a map initilaization order bug. The bug only manifests
+// when:
+//   1. A message contains map fields and is also extendable.
+//   2. There is a file-level extension defined in the same file referencing
+//      the above message as the extension type.
+//   3. The program executes in the following order:
+//        a. getDescriptor() is called on another message in the same file.
+//        b. use protobuf reflection to access the map field.
+// The symptom is a NullPointerException being thrown.
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package map_test;
+
+option java_package = "map_test";
+option java_outer_classname = "MapInitializationOrderTest";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+// Mirrors the structure of
+// javatests/com/google/cloud/common/logging/logging_test.proto.
+
+message Message1 {
+  map<string, bool> map_field = 1;
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+extend Message1 {
+  optional Message1 recursive_extension = 1001;
+}
+
+message RedactAllTypes {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_lite_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_lite_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7324653f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_lite_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package map_lite_test;
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+option java_package = "map_lite_test";
+option java_outer_classname = "MapTestProto";
+
+message TestMap {
+  message MessageValue {
+    int32 value = 1;
+  }
+  enum EnumValue {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+    QUX = 3;
+  }
+
+  map<int32, int32> int32_to_int32_field = 1;
+  map<int32, string> int32_to_string_field = 2;
+  map<int32, bytes> int32_to_bytes_field = 3;
+  map<int32, EnumValue> int32_to_enum_field = 4;
+  map<int32, MessageValue> int32_to_message_field = 5;
+  map<string, int32> string_to_int32_field = 6;
+  map<uint32, int32> uint32_to_int32_field = 7;
+  map<int64, int32> int64_to_int32_field = 8;
+}
+
+// Used to test that a nested builder containing map fields will properly
+// propagate the onChange event and mark its parent dirty when a change
+// is made to a map field.
+message TestOnChangeEventPropagation {
+  TestMap optional_message = 1;
+}
+
+// a decoy of TestMap for testing parsing errors
+message BizarroTestMap {
+  // same key type, different value
+  map<int32, bytes> int32_to_int32_field = 1;
+  // different key and value types
+  map<string, int32> int32_to_string_field = 2;
+  // different key types, same value
+  map<string, int32> int32_to_bytes_field = 3;
+  // different key and value types
+  map<string, bytes> int32_to_enum_field = 4;
+  // different key and value types
+  map<string, bytes> int32_to_message_field = 5;
+  // same key type, different value
+  map<string, bytes> string_to_int32_field = 6;
+}
+
+// Used to test that java reserved words can be used as protobuf field names
+// Not all reserved words are tested (to avoid bloat) but instead an arbitrary
+// subset of them chosen to cover various keyword categories like
+// type, modifier, declaration, etc.
+message ReservedAsMapField {
+  map<string, uint32> if = 1;
+  map<string, uint32> const = 2;
+  map<string, uint32> private = 3;
+  map<string, uint32> class = 4;
+  map<string, uint32> int = 5;
+  map<string, uint32> void = 6;
+  // These are also proto keywords
+  map<string, uint32> string = 7;
+  map<string, uint32> package = 8;
+  // Most recent Java reserved word
+  map<string, uint32> enum = 9;
+  // null is not a 'reserved word' per se but as a literal needs similar care
+  map<string, uint32> null = 10;
+}
+
+message ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue {
+  enum SampleEnum {
+    A = 0;
+    B = 1;
+  }
+  map<string, SampleEnum> if = 1;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> const = 2;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> private = 3;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> class = 4;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> int = 5;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> void = 6;
+  // These are also proto keywords
+  map<string, SampleEnum> string = 7;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> package = 8;
+  // Most recent Java reserved word
+  map<string, SampleEnum> enum = 9;
+  // null is not a 'reserved word' per se but as a literal needs similar care
+  map<string, SampleEnum> null = 10;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..240600f2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package map_test;
+
+option java_package = "map_test";
+option java_outer_classname = "MapTestProto";
+
+message TestMap {
+  message MessageValue {
+    int32 value = 1;
+  }
+  enum EnumValue {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+    QUX = 3;
+  }
+
+  map<int32, int32> int32_to_int32_field = 1;
+  map<int32, string> int32_to_string_field = 2;
+  map<int32, bytes> int32_to_bytes_field = 3;
+  map<int32, EnumValue> int32_to_enum_field = 4;
+  map<int32, MessageValue> int32_to_message_field = 5;
+  map<string, int32> string_to_int32_field = 6;
+  map<uint32, int32> uint32_to_int32_field = 7;
+  map<int64, int32> int64_to_int32_field = 8;
+}
+
+// Used to test that a nested builder containing map fields will properly
+// propagate the onChange event and mark its parent dirty when a change
+// is made to a map field.
+message TestOnChangeEventPropagation {
+  TestMap optional_message = 1;
+}
+
+// a decoy of TestMap for testing parsing errors
+message BizarroTestMap {
+  // same key type, different value
+  map<int32, bytes> int32_to_int32_field = 1;
+  // different key and value types
+  map<string, int32> int32_to_string_field = 2;
+  // different key types, same value
+  map<string, int32> int32_to_bytes_field = 3;
+  // different key and value types
+  map<string, bytes> int32_to_enum_field = 4;
+  // different key and value types
+  map<string, bytes> int32_to_message_field = 5;
+  // same key type, different value
+  map<string, bytes> string_to_int32_field = 6;
+}
+
+// Used to test that java reserved words can be used as protobuf field names
+// Not all reserved words are tested (to avoid bloat) but instead an arbitrary
+// subset of them chosen to cover various keyword categories like
+// type, modifier, declaration, etc.
+message ReservedAsMapField {
+  map<string, uint32> if = 1;
+  map<string, uint32> const = 2;
+  map<string, uint32> private = 3;
+  map<string, uint32> class = 4;
+  map<string, uint32> int = 5;
+  map<string, uint32> void = 6;
+  // These are also proto keywords
+  map<string, uint32> string = 7;
+  map<string, uint32> package = 8;
+  // Most recent Java reserved word
+  map<string, uint32> enum = 9;
+  // null is not a 'reserved word' per se but as a literal needs similar care
+  map<string, uint32> null = 10;
+}
+
+message ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue {
+  enum SampleEnum {
+    A = 0;
+    B = 1;
+  }
+  map<string, SampleEnum> if = 1;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> const = 2;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> private = 3;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> class = 4;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> int = 5;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> void = 6;
+  // These are also proto keywords
+  map<string, SampleEnum> string = 7;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> package = 8;
+  // Most recent Java reserved word
+  map<string, SampleEnum> enum = 9;
+  // null is not a 'reserved word' per se but as a literal needs similar care
+  map<string, SampleEnum> null = 10;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/message_lite_extension_util_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/message_lite_extension_util_test.proto
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9baf948d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/message_lite_extension_util_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Proto definitions used to test MessageLiteExtensionUtil
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option java_outer_classname = "MessageLiteExtensionTestProtos";
+
+message Car {
+  optional string make = 1;
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+extend Car {
+  optional bool turbo = 1001;
+  optional bool self_driving = 1002;
+  optional bool flies = 1003;
+  optional string plate = 9999;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/multiple_files_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/multiple_files_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0de6f7b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/multiple_files_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// A proto file which tests the java_multiple_files option.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+option java_generic_services = true;  // auto-added
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "MultipleFilesTestProto";
+
+message MessageWithNoOuter {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int32 i = 1;
+  }
+  enum NestedEnum { BAZ = 3; }
+  optional NestedMessage nested = 1;
+  repeated TestAllTypes foreign = 2;
+  optional NestedEnum nested_enum = 3;
+  optional EnumWithNoOuter foreign_enum = 4;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions {
+  optional int32 enum_value_option = 7654321;
+}
+
+enum EnumWithNoOuter {
+  FOO = 1 [(enum_value_option) = 12345];
+  BAR = 2;
+}
+
+service ServiceWithNoOuter {
+  rpc Foo(MessageWithNoOuter) returns (TestAllTypes);
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensions {
+  optional int32 extension_with_outer = 1234567;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_builders_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_builders_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07933ed44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_builders_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+//
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "NestedBuilders";
+
+message Vehicle {
+  optional Engine engine = 1;
+  repeated Wheel wheel = 2;
+}
+
+message Engine {
+  optional int32 cylinder = 1;
+  optional int32 liters = 2;
+}
+
+message Wheel {
+  optional int32 radius = 1;
+  optional int32 width = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2da6d08e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Darick Tong (darick@google.com)
+//
+// A proto file with nested extensions. Note that this must be defined in
+// a separate file to properly test the initialization of the outer class.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto";
+
+
+message MyNestedExtension {
+  extend MessageToBeExtended {
+    optional MessageToBeExtended recursiveExtension = 2;
+    optional int32 default = 2002;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..024097cb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Darick Tong (darick@google.com)
+//
+// A proto file with nested extensions for a MessageLite messages. Note that
+// this must be defined in a separate file to properly test the initialization
+// of the outer class.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto";
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+message MyNestedExtensionLite {
+  extend MessageLiteToBeExtended {
+    optional MessageLiteToBeExtended recursiveExtensionLite = 3;
+    optional double private = 2004;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45395a353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Darick Tong (darick@google.com)
+//
+// A proto file with extensions.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+
+message MessageToBeExtended {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message MyNonNestedExtension {}
+
+extend MessageToBeExtended {
+  optional MyNonNestedExtension nonNestedExtension = 1;
+  optional string if = 2000;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..782a1e66d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Darick Tong (darick@google.com)
+//
+// A proto file with extensions for a MessageLite messages.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+message MessageLiteToBeExtended {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message MyNonNestedExtensionLite {}
+
+extend MessageLiteToBeExtended {
+  optional MyNonNestedExtensionLite nonNestedExtensionLite = 1;
+  optional bool package = 2006;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28b8bb568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+
+// This message's name is the same with the default outer class name of this
+// proto file. It's used to test if the compiler can avoid this conflict
+// correctly.
+message OuterClassNameTest {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b475510e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+
+message TestMessage2 {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // This message's name is the same with the default outer class name of this
+    // proto file. It's used to test if the compiler can avoid this conflict
+    // correctly.
+    message OuterClassNameTest2 {}
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5ef2f053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+
+message TestMessage3 {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // This enum's name is the same with the default outer class name of this
+    // proto file. It's used to test if the compiler can avoid this conflict
+    // correctly.
+    enum OuterClassNameTest3 { DUMMY_VALUE = 1; }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/packed_field_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/packed_field_test.proto
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7935322b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/packed_field_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package packed_field_test;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "PackedFieldTestProto";
+
+message TestAllTypes {
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+  }
+
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 31;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 32;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 33;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 34;
+  repeated sint32 repeated_sint32 = 35;
+  repeated sint64 repeated_sint64 = 36;
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 37;
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 41;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 42;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 43;
+  repeated NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 51;
+}
+
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 1 [packed = false];
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 2 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 3 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 4 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint32 repeated_sint32 = 5 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint64 repeated_sint64 = 6 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 7 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 8 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 9 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 10 [packed = false];
+  repeated float repeated_float = 11 [packed = false];
+  repeated double repeated_double = 12 [packed = false];
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 13 [packed = false];
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 14 [packed = false];
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto2_message.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto2_message.proto
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..86c48b098
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto2_message.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// LINT: ALLOW_GROUPS
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf.experimental;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.testing";
+option java_outer_classname = "Proto2Testing";
+
+
+message Proto2SpecialFieldName {
+  optional double regular_name = 1;
+  optional int32 cached_size = 2;
+  optional int64 serialized_size = 3;
+  optional string class = 4;
+}
+
+message Proto2Message {
+
+  enum TestEnum {
+    ZERO = 0;
+    ONE = 1;
+    TWO = 2;
+  }
+
+  optional double field_double_1 = 1;
+  optional float field_float_2 = 2;
+  optional int64 field_int64_3 = 3;
+  optional uint64 field_uint64_4 = 4;
+  optional int32 field_int32_5 = 5;
+  optional fixed64 field_fixed64_6 = 6;
+  optional fixed32 field_fixed32_7 = 7;
+  optional bool field_bool_8 = 8;
+  optional string field_string_9 = 9;
+  optional Proto2Message field_message_10 = 10;
+  optional bytes field_bytes_11 = 11;
+  optional uint32 field_uint32_12 = 12;
+  optional TestEnum field_enum_13 = 13;
+  optional sfixed32 field_sfixed32_14 = 14;
+  optional sfixed64 field_sfixed64_15 = 15;
+  optional sint32 field_sint32_16 = 16;
+  optional sint64 field_sint64_17 = 17;
+  repeated double field_double_list_18 = 18 [packed = false];
+  repeated float field_float_list_19 = 19 [packed = false];
+  repeated int64 field_int64_list_20 = 20 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint64 field_uint64_list_21 = 21 [packed = false];
+  repeated int32 field_int32_list_22 = 22 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed64 field_fixed64_list_23 = 23 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed32 field_fixed32_list_24 = 24 [packed = false];
+  repeated bool field_bool_list_25 = 25 [packed = false];
+  repeated string field_string_list_26 = 26 [packed = false];
+  repeated Proto2Message field_message_list_27 = 27 [packed = false];
+  repeated bytes field_bytes_list_28 = 28 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint32 field_uint32_list_29 = 29 [packed = false];
+  repeated TestEnum field_enum_list_30 = 30 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 field_sfixed32_list_31 = 31 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 field_sfixed64_list_32 = 32 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint32 field_sint32_list_33 = 33 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint64 field_sint64_list_34 = 34 [packed = false];
+  repeated double field_double_list_packed_35 = 35 [packed = true];
+  repeated float field_float_list_packed_36 = 36 [packed = true];
+  repeated int64 field_int64_list_packed_37 = 37 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64 field_uint64_list_packed_38 = 38 [packed = true];
+  repeated int32 field_int32_list_packed_39 = 39 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed64 field_fixed64_list_packed_40 = 40 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed32 field_fixed32_list_packed_41 = 41 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool field_bool_list_packed_42 = 42 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32 field_uint32_list_packed_43 = 43 [packed = true];
+  repeated TestEnum field_enum_list_packed_44 = 44 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 field_sfixed32_list_packed_45 = 45 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 field_sfixed64_list_packed_46 = 46 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32 field_sint32_list_packed_47 = 47 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64 field_sint64_list_packed_48 = 48 [packed = true];
+  optional group FieldGroup49 = 49 {
+    optional int32 field_int32_50 = 50;
+  }
+  repeated group FieldGroupList51 = 51 {
+    optional int32 field_int32_52 = 52;
+  }
+  oneof test_oneof {
+    double field_double_53 = 53;
+    float field_float_54 = 54;
+    int64 field_int64_55 = 55;
+    uint64 field_uint64_56 = 56;
+    int32 field_int32_57 = 57;
+    fixed64 field_fixed64_58 = 58;
+    fixed32 field_fixed32_59 = 59;
+    bool field_bool_60 = 60;
+    string field_string_61 = 61;
+    Proto2Message field_message_62 = 62;
+    bytes field_bytes_63 = 63;
+    uint32 field_uint32_64 = 64;
+    sfixed32 field_sfixed32_65 = 65;
+    sfixed64 field_sfixed64_66 = 66;
+    sint32 field_sint32_67 = 67;
+    sint64 field_sint64_68 = 68;
+    group FieldGroup69 = 69 {
+      optional int32 field_int32_70 = 70;
+    }
+  }
+
+  message RequiredNestedMessage {
+    optional int32 value = 1;
+  }
+
+  required double field_required_double_71 = 71;
+  required float field_required_float_72 = 72;
+  required int64 field_required_int64_73 = 73;
+  required uint64 field_required_uint64_74 = 74;
+  required int32 field_required_int32_75 = 75;
+  required fixed64 field_required_fixed64_76 = 76;
+  required fixed32 field_required_fixed32_77 = 77;
+  required bool field_required_bool_78 = 78;
+  required string field_required_string_79 = 79;
+  required RequiredNestedMessage field_required_message_80 = 80;
+  required bytes field_required_bytes_81 = 81;
+  required uint32 field_required_uint32_82 = 82;
+  required TestEnum field_required_enum_83 = 83;
+  required sfixed32 field_required_sfixed32_84 = 84;
+  required sfixed64 field_required_sfixed64_85 = 85;
+  required sint32 field_required_sint32_86 = 86;
+  required sint64 field_required_sint64_87 = 87;
+  required group FieldRequiredGroup88 = 88 {
+    optional int32 field_int32_89 = 89;
+  }
+}
+
+message Proto2Empty {}
+
+message Proto2MessageWithExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to 10000;
+}
+
+extend Proto2MessageWithExtensions {
+  optional double field_double_1 = 1;
+  optional float field_float_2 = 2;
+  optional int64 field_int64_3 = 3;
+  optional uint64 field_uint64_4 = 4;
+  optional int32 field_int32_5 = 5;
+  optional fixed64 field_fixed64_6 = 6;
+  optional fixed32 field_fixed32_7 = 7;
+  optional bool field_bool_8 = 8;
+  optional string field_string_9 = 9;
+  optional Proto2Message field_message_10 = 10;
+  optional bytes field_bytes_11 = 11;
+  optional uint32 field_uint32_12 = 12;
+  optional Proto2Message.TestEnum field_enum_13 = 13;
+  optional sfixed32 field_sfixed32_14 = 14;
+  optional sfixed64 field_sfixed64_15 = 15;
+  optional sint32 field_sint32_16 = 16;
+  optional sint64 field_sint64_17 = 17;
+
+  repeated double field_double_list_18 = 18 [packed = false];
+  repeated float field_float_list_19 = 19 [packed = false];
+  repeated int64 field_int64_list_20 = 20 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint64 field_uint64_list_21 = 21 [packed = false];
+  repeated int32 field_int32_list_22 = 22 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed64 field_fixed64_list_23 = 23 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed32 field_fixed32_list_24 = 24 [packed = false];
+  repeated bool field_bool_list_25 = 25 [packed = false];
+  repeated string field_string_list_26 = 26 [packed = false];
+  repeated Proto2Message field_message_list_27 = 27 [packed = false];
+  repeated bytes field_bytes_list_28 = 28 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint32 field_uint32_list_29 = 29 [packed = false];
+  repeated Proto2Message.TestEnum field_enum_list_30 = 30 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 field_sfixed32_list_31 = 31 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 field_sfixed64_list_32 = 32 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint32 field_sint32_list_33 = 33 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint64 field_sint64_list_34 = 34 [packed = false];
+
+  repeated double field_double_list_packed_35 = 35 [packed = true];
+  repeated float field_float_list_packed_36 = 36 [packed = true];
+  repeated int64 field_int64_list_packed_37 = 37 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64 field_uint64_list_packed_38 = 38 [packed = true];
+  repeated int32 field_int32_list_packed_39 = 39 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed64 field_fixed64_list_packed_40 = 40 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed32 field_fixed32_list_packed_41 = 41 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool field_bool_list_packed_42 = 42 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32 field_uint32_list_packed_43 = 43 [packed = true];
+  repeated Proto2Message.TestEnum field_enum_list_packed_44 = 44
+      [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 field_sfixed32_list_packed_45 = 45 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 field_sfixed64_list_packed_46 = 46 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32 field_sint32_list_packed_47 = 47 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64 field_sint64_list_packed_48 = 48 [packed = true];
+
+  optional group FieldGroup49 = 49 {
+    optional int32 field_int32_50 = 50;
+  }
+
+  repeated group FieldGroupList51 = 51 {
+    optional int32 field_int32_52 = 52;
+  }
+}
+
+message Proto2MessageWithMaps {
+  map<bool, bool> field_map_bool_bool_1 = 1;
+  map<bool, bytes> field_map_bool_bytes_2 = 2;
+  map<bool, double> field_map_bool_double_3 = 3;
+  map<bool, Proto2Message.TestEnum> field_map_bool_enum_4 = 4;
+  map<bool, fixed32> field_map_bool_fixed32_5 = 5;
+  map<bool, fixed64> field_map_bool_fixed64_6 = 6;
+  map<bool, float> field_map_bool_float_7 = 7;
+  map<bool, int32> field_map_bool_int32_8 = 8;
+  map<bool, int64> field_map_bool_int64_9 = 9;
+  map<bool, Proto2Message> field_map_bool_message_10 = 10;
+  map<bool, sfixed32> field_map_bool_sfixed32_11 = 11;
+  map<bool, sfixed64> field_map_bool_sfixed64_12 = 12;
+  map<bool, sint32> field_map_bool_sint32_13 = 13;
+  map<bool, sint64> field_map_bool_sint64_14 = 14;
+  map<bool, string> field_map_bool_string_15 = 15;
+  map<bool, uint32> field_map_bool_uint32_16 = 16;
+  map<bool, uint64> field_map_bool_uint64_17 = 17;
+  map<fixed32, bool> field_map_fixed32_bool_18 = 18;
+  map<fixed32, bytes> field_map_fixed32_bytes_19 = 19;
+  map<fixed32, double> field_map_fixed32_double_20 = 20;
+  map<fixed32, Proto2Message.TestEnum> field_map_fixed32_enum_21 = 21;
+  map<fixed32, fixed32> field_map_fixed32_fixed32_22 = 22;
+  map<fixed32, fixed64> field_map_fixed32_fixed64_23 = 23;
+  map<fixed32, float> field_map_fixed32_float_24 = 24;
+  map<fixed32, int32> field_map_fixed32_int32_25 = 25;
+  map<fixed32, int64> field_map_fixed32_int64_26 = 26;
+  map<fixed32, Proto2Message> field_map_fixed32_message_27 = 27;
+  map<fixed32, sfixed32> field_map_fixed32_sfixed32_28 = 28;
+  map<fixed32, sfixed64> field_map_fixed32_sfixed64_29 = 29;
+  map<fixed32, sint32> field_map_fixed32_sint32_30 = 30;
+  map<fixed32, sint64> field_map_fixed32_sint64_31 = 31;
+  map<fixed32, string> field_map_fixed32_string_32 = 32;
+  map<fixed32, uint32> field_map_fixed32_uint32_33 = 33;
+  map<fixed32, uint64> field_map_fixed32_uint64_34 = 34;
+  map<fixed64, bool> field_map_fixed64_bool_35 = 35;
+  map<fixed64, bytes> field_map_fixed64_bytes_36 = 36;
+  map<fixed64, double> field_map_fixed64_double_37 = 37;
+  map<fixed64, Proto2Message.TestEnum> field_map_fixed64_enum_38 = 38;
+  map<fixed64, fixed32> field_map_fixed64_fixed32_39 = 39;
+  map<fixed64, fixed64> field_map_fixed64_fixed64_40 = 40;
+  map<fixed64, float> field_map_fixed64_float_41 = 41;
+  map<fixed64, int32> field_map_fixed64_int32_42 = 42;
+  map<fixed64, int64> field_map_fixed64_int64_43 = 43;
+  map<fixed64, Proto2Message> field_map_fixed64_message_44 = 44;
+  map<fixed64, sfixed32> field_map_fixed64_sfixed32_45 = 45;
+  map<fixed64, sfixed64> field_map_fixed64_sfixed64_46 = 46;
+  map<fixed64, sint32> field_map_fixed64_sint32_47 = 47;
+  map<fixed64, sint64> field_map_fixed64_sint64_48 = 48;
+  map<fixed64, string> field_map_fixed64_string_49 = 49;
+  map<fixed64, uint32> field_map_fixed64_uint32_50 = 50;
+  map<fixed64, uint64> field_map_fixed64_uint64_51 = 51;
+  map<int32, bool> field_map_int32_bool_52 = 52;
+  map<int32, bytes> field_map_int32_bytes_53 = 53;
+  map<int32, double> field_map_int32_double_54 = 54;
+  map<int32, Proto2Message.TestEnum> field_map_int32_enum_55 = 55;
+  map<int32, fixed32> field_map_int32_fixed32_56 = 56;
+  map<int32, fixed64> field_map_int32_fixed64_57 = 57;
+  map<int32, float> field_map_int32_float_58 = 58;
+  map<int32, int32> field_map_int32_int32_59 = 59;
+  map<int32, int64> field_map_int32_int64_60 = 60;
+  map<int32, Proto2Message> field_map_int32_message_61 = 61;
+  map<int32, sfixed32> field_map_int32_sfixed32_62 = 62;
+  map<int32, sfixed64> field_map_int32_sfixed64_63 = 63;
+  map<int32, sint32> field_map_int32_sint32_64 = 64;
+  map<int32, sint64> field_map_int32_sint64_65 = 65;
+  map<int32, string> field_map_int32_string_66 = 66;
+  map<int32, uint32> field_map_int32_uint32_67 = 67;
+  map<int32, uint64> field_map_int32_uint64_68 = 68;
+  map<int64, bool> field_map_int64_bool_69 = 69;
+  map<int64, bytes> field_map_int64_bytes_70 = 70;
+  map<int64, double> field_map_int64_double_71 = 71;
+  map<int64, Proto2Message.TestEnum> field_map_int64_enum_72 = 72;
+  map<int64, fixed32> field_map_int64_fixed32_73 = 73;
+  map<int64, fixed64> field_map_int64_fixed64_74 = 74;
+  map<int64, float> field_map_int64_float_75 = 75;
+  map<int64, int32> field_map_int64_int32_76 = 76;
+  map<int64, int64> field_map_int64_int64_77 = 77;
+  map<int64, Proto2Message> field_map_int64_message_78 = 78;
+  map<int64, sfixed32> field_map_int64_sfixed32_79 = 79;
+  map<int64, sfixed64> field_map_int64_sfixed64_80 = 80;
+  map<int64, sint32> field_map_int64_sint32_81 = 81;
+  map<int64, sint64> field_map_int64_sint64_82 = 82;
+  map<int64, string> field_map_int64_string_83 = 83;
+  map<int64, uint32> field_map_int64_uint32_84 = 84;
+  map<int64, uint64> field_map_int64_uint64_85 = 85;
+  map<sfixed32, bool> field_map_sfixed32_bool_86 = 86;
+  map<sfixed32, bytes> field_map_sfixed32_bytes_87 = 87;
+  map<sfixed32, double> field_map_sfixed32_double_88 = 88;
+  map<sfixed32, Proto2Message.TestEnum> field_map_sfixed32_enum_89 = 89;
+  map<sfixed32, fixed32> field_map_sfixed32_fixed32_90 = 90;
+  map<sfixed32, fixed64> field_map_sfixed32_fixed64_91 = 91;
+  map<sfixed32, float> field_map_sfixed32_float_92 = 92;
+  map<sfixed32, int32> field_map_sfixed32_int32_93 = 93;
+  map<sfixed32, int64> field_map_sfixed32_int64_94 = 94;
+  map<sfixed32, Proto2Message> field_map_sfixed32_message_95 = 95;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> field_map_sfixed32_sfixed32_96 = 96;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed64> field_map_sfixed32_sfixed64_97 = 97;
+  map<sfixed32, sint32> field_map_sfixed32_sint32_98 = 98;
+  map<sfixed32, sint64> field_map_sfixed32_sint64_99 = 99;
+  map<sfixed32, string> field_map_sfixed32_string_100 = 100;
+  map<sfixed32, uint32> field_map_sfixed32_uint32_101 = 101;
+  map<sfixed32, uint64> field_map_sfixed32_uint64_102 = 102;
+  map<sfixed64, bool> field_map_sfixed64_bool_103 = 103;
+  map<sfixed64, bytes> field_map_sfixed64_bytes_104 = 104;
+  map<sfixed64, double> field_map_sfixed64_double_105 = 105;
+  map<sfixed64, Proto2Message.TestEnum> field_map_sfixed64_enum_106 = 106;
+  map<sfixed64, fixed32> field_map_sfixed64_fixed32_107 = 107;
+  map<sfixed64, fixed64> field_map_sfixed64_fixed64_108 = 108;
+  map<sfixed64, float> field_map_sfixed64_float_109 = 109;
+  map<sfixed64, int32> field_map_sfixed64_int32_110 = 110;
+  map<sfixed64, int64> field_map_sfixed64_int64_111 = 111;
+  map<sfixed64, Proto2Message> field_map_sfixed64_message_112 = 112;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed32> field_map_sfixed64_sfixed32_113 = 113;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> field_map_sfixed64_sfixed64_114 = 114;
+  map<sfixed64, sint32> field_map_sfixed64_sint32_115 = 115;
+  map<sfixed64, sint64> field_map_sfixed64_sint64_116 = 116;
+  map<sfixed64, string> field_map_sfixed64_string_117 = 117;
+  map<sfixed64, uint32> field_map_sfixed64_uint32_118 = 118;
+  map<sfixed64, uint64> field_map_sfixed64_uint64_119 = 119;
+  map<sint32, bool> field_map_sint32_bool_120 = 120;
+  map<sint32, bytes> field_map_sint32_bytes_121 = 121;
+  map<sint32, double> field_map_sint32_double_122 = 122;
+  map<sint32, Proto2Message.TestEnum> field_map_sint32_enum_123 = 123;
+  map<sint32, fixed32> field_map_sint32_fixed32_124 = 124;
+  map<sint32, fixed64> field_map_sint32_fixed64_125 = 125;
+  map<sint32, float> field_map_sint32_float_126 = 126;
+  map<sint32, int32> field_map_sint32_int32_127 = 127;
+  map<sint32, int64> field_map_sint32_int64_128 = 128;
+  map<sint32, Proto2Message> field_map_sint32_message_129 = 129;
+  map<sint32, sfixed32> field_map_sint32_sfixed32_130 = 130;
+  map<sint32, sfixed64> field_map_sint32_sfixed64_131 = 131;
+  map<sint32, sint32> field_map_sint32_sint32_132 = 132;
+  map<sint32, sint64> field_map_sint32_sint64_133 = 133;
+  map<sint32, string> field_map_sint32_string_134 = 134;
+  map<sint32, uint32> field_map_sint32_uint32_135 = 135;
+  map<sint32, uint64> field_map_sint32_uint64_136 = 136;
+  map<sint64, bool> field_map_sint64_bool_137 = 137;
+  map<sint64, bytes> field_map_sint64_bytes_138 = 138;
+  map<sint64, double> field_map_sint64_double_139 = 139;
+  map<sint64, Proto2Message.TestEnum> field_map_sint64_enum_140 = 140;
+  map<sint64, fixed32> field_map_sint64_fixed32_141 = 141;
+  map<sint64, fixed64> field_map_sint64_fixed64_142 = 142;
+  map<sint64, float> field_map_sint64_float_143 = 143;
+  map<sint64, int32> field_map_sint64_int32_144 = 144;
+  map<sint64, int64> field_map_sint64_int64_145 = 145;
+  map<sint64, Proto2Message> field_map_sint64_message_146 = 146;
+  map<sint64, sfixed32> field_map_sint64_sfixed32_147 = 147;
+  map<sint64, sfixed64> field_map_sint64_sfixed64_148 = 148;
+  map<sint64, sint32> field_map_sint64_sint32_149 = 149;
+  map<sint64, sint64> field_map_sint64_sint64_150 = 150;
+  map<sint64, string> field_map_sint64_string_151 = 151;
+  map<sint64, uint32> field_map_sint64_uint32_152 = 152;
+  map<sint64, uint64> field_map_sint64_uint64_153 = 153;
+  map<string, bool> field_map_string_bool_154 = 154;
+  map<string, bytes> field_map_string_bytes_155 = 155;
+  map<string, double> field_map_string_double_156 = 156;
+  map<string, Proto2Message.TestEnum> field_map_string_enum_157 = 157;
+  map<string, fixed32> field_map_string_fixed32_158 = 158;
+  map<string, fixed64> field_map_string_fixed64_159 = 159;
+  map<string, float> field_map_string_float_160 = 160;
+  map<string, int32> field_map_string_int32_161 = 161;
+  map<string, int64> field_map_string_int64_162 = 162;
+  map<string, Proto2Message> field_map_string_message_163 = 163;
+  map<string, sfixed32> field_map_string_sfixed32_164 = 164;
+  map<string, sfixed64> field_map_string_sfixed64_165 = 165;
+  map<string, sint32> field_map_string_sint32_166 = 166;
+  map<string, sint64> field_map_string_sint64_167 = 167;
+  map<string, string> field_map_string_string_168 = 168;
+  map<string, uint32> field_map_string_uint32_169 = 169;
+  map<string, uint64> field_map_string_uint64_170 = 170;
+  map<uint32, bool> field_map_uint32_bool_171 = 171;
+  map<uint32, bytes> field_map_uint32_bytes_172 = 172;
+  map<uint32, double> field_map_uint32_double_173 = 173;
+  map<uint32, Proto2Message.TestEnum> field_map_uint32_enum_174 = 174;
+  map<uint32, fixed32> field_map_uint32_fixed32_175 = 175;
+  map<uint32, fixed64> field_map_uint32_fixed64_176 = 176;
+  map<uint32, float> field_map_uint32_float_177 = 177;
+  map<uint32, int32> field_map_uint32_int32_178 = 178;
+  map<uint32, int64> field_map_uint32_int64_179 = 179;
+  map<uint32, Proto2Message> field_map_uint32_message_180 = 180;
+  map<uint32, sfixed32> field_map_uint32_sfixed32_181 = 181;
+  map<uint32, sfixed64> field_map_uint32_sfixed64_182 = 182;
+  map<uint32, sint32> field_map_uint32_sint32_183 = 183;
+  map<uint32, sint64> field_map_uint32_sint64_184 = 184;
+  map<uint32, string> field_map_uint32_string_185 = 185;
+  map<uint32, uint32> field_map_uint32_uint32_186 = 186;
+  map<uint32, uint64> field_map_uint32_uint64_187 = 187;
+  map<uint64, bool> field_map_uint64_bool_188 = 188;
+  map<uint64, bytes> field_map_uint64_bytes_189 = 189;
+  map<uint64, double> field_map_uint64_double_190 = 190;
+  map<uint64, Proto2Message.TestEnum> field_map_uint64_enum_191 = 191;
+  map<uint64, fixed32> field_map_uint64_fixed32_192 = 192;
+  map<uint64, fixed64> field_map_uint64_fixed64_193 = 193;
+  map<uint64, float> field_map_uint64_float_194 = 194;
+  map<uint64, int32> field_map_uint64_int32_195 = 195;
+  map<uint64, int64> field_map_uint64_int64_196 = 196;
+  map<uint64, Proto2Message> field_map_uint64_message_197 = 197;
+  map<uint64, sfixed32> field_map_uint64_sfixed32_198 = 198;
+  map<uint64, sfixed64> field_map_uint64_sfixed64_199 = 199;
+  map<uint64, sint32> field_map_uint64_sint32_200 = 200;
+  map<uint64, sint64> field_map_uint64_sint64_201 = 201;
+  map<uint64, string> field_map_uint64_string_202 = 202;
+  map<uint64, uint32> field_map_uint64_uint32_203 = 203;
+  map<uint64, uint64> field_map_uint64_uint64_204 = 204;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto2_message_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto2_message_lite.proto
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7dfd40eea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto2_message_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// LINT: ALLOW_GROUPS
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf.experimental.lite;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.testing";
+option java_outer_classname = "Proto2TestingLite";
+
+
+message Proto2MessageLite {
+
+  enum TestEnum {
+    ZERO = 0;
+    ONE = 1;
+    TWO = 2;
+  }
+
+  optional double field_double_1 = 1;
+  optional float field_float_2 = 2;
+  optional int64 field_int64_3 = 3;
+  optional uint64 field_uint64_4 = 4;
+  optional int32 field_int32_5 = 5;
+  optional fixed64 field_fixed64_6 = 6;
+  optional fixed32 field_fixed32_7 = 7;
+  optional bool field_bool_8 = 8;
+  optional string field_string_9 = 9;
+  optional Proto2MessageLite field_message_10 = 10;
+  optional bytes field_bytes_11 = 11;
+  optional uint32 field_uint32_12 = 12;
+  optional TestEnum field_enum_13 = 13;
+  optional sfixed32 field_sfixed32_14 = 14;
+  optional sfixed64 field_sfixed64_15 = 15;
+  optional sint32 field_sint32_16 = 16;
+  optional sint64 field_sint64_17 = 17;
+  repeated double field_double_list_18 = 18 [packed = false];
+  repeated float field_float_list_19 = 19 [packed = false];
+  repeated int64 field_int64_list_20 = 20 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint64 field_uint64_list_21 = 21 [packed = false];
+  repeated int32 field_int32_list_22 = 22 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed64 field_fixed64_list_23 = 23 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed32 field_fixed32_list_24 = 24 [packed = false];
+  repeated bool field_bool_list_25 = 25 [packed = false];
+  repeated string field_string_list_26 = 26 [packed = false];
+  repeated Proto2MessageLite field_message_list_27 = 27 [packed = false];
+  repeated bytes field_bytes_list_28 = 28 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint32 field_uint32_list_29 = 29 [packed = false];
+  repeated TestEnum field_enum_list_30 = 30 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 field_sfixed32_list_31 = 31 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 field_sfixed64_list_32 = 32 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint32 field_sint32_list_33 = 33 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint64 field_sint64_list_34 = 34 [packed = false];
+  repeated double field_double_list_packed_35 = 35 [packed = true];
+  repeated float field_float_list_packed_36 = 36 [packed = true];
+  repeated int64 field_int64_list_packed_37 = 37 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64 field_uint64_list_packed_38 = 38 [packed = true];
+  repeated int32 field_int32_list_packed_39 = 39 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed64 field_fixed64_list_packed_40 = 40 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed32 field_fixed32_list_packed_41 = 41 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool field_bool_list_packed_42 = 42 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32 field_uint32_list_packed_43 = 43 [packed = true];
+  repeated TestEnum field_enum_list_packed_44 = 44 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 field_sfixed32_list_packed_45 = 45 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 field_sfixed64_list_packed_46 = 46 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32 field_sint32_list_packed_47 = 47 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64 field_sint64_list_packed_48 = 48 [packed = true];
+  optional group FieldGroup49 = 49 {
+    optional int32 field_int32_50 = 50;
+  }
+  repeated group FieldGroupList51 = 51 {
+    optional int32 field_int32_52 = 52;
+  }
+  oneof test_oneof {
+    double field_double_53 = 53;
+    float field_float_54 = 54;
+    int64 field_int64_55 = 55;
+    uint64 field_uint64_56 = 56;
+    int32 field_int32_57 = 57;
+    fixed64 field_fixed64_58 = 58;
+    fixed32 field_fixed32_59 = 59;
+    bool field_bool_60 = 60;
+    string field_string_61 = 61;
+    Proto2MessageLite field_message_62 = 62;
+    bytes field_bytes_63 = 63;
+    uint32 field_uint32_64 = 64;
+    sfixed32 field_sfixed32_65 = 65;
+    sfixed64 field_sfixed64_66 = 66;
+    sint32 field_sint32_67 = 67;
+    sint64 field_sint64_68 = 68;
+    group FieldGroup69 = 69 {
+      optional int32 field_int32_70 = 70;
+    }
+  }
+
+  message RequiredNestedMessage {
+    optional int32 value = 1;
+  }
+
+  required double field_required_double_71 = 71;
+  required float field_required_float_72 = 72;
+  required int64 field_required_int64_73 = 73;
+  required uint64 field_required_uint64_74 = 74;
+  required int32 field_required_int32_75 = 75;
+  required fixed64 field_required_fixed64_76 = 76;
+  required fixed32 field_required_fixed32_77 = 77;
+  required bool field_required_bool_78 = 78;
+  required string field_required_string_79 = 79;
+  required RequiredNestedMessage field_required_message_80 = 80;
+  required bytes field_required_bytes_81 = 81;
+  required uint32 field_required_uint32_82 = 82;
+  required TestEnum field_required_enum_83 = 83;
+  required sfixed32 field_required_sfixed32_84 = 84;
+  required sfixed64 field_required_sfixed64_85 = 85;
+  required sint32 field_required_sint32_86 = 86;
+  required sint64 field_required_sint64_87 = 87;
+  required group FieldRequiredGroup88 = 88 {
+    optional int32 field_int32_89 = 89;
+  }
+}
+
+message Proto2EmptyLite {}
+
+message Proto2MessageLiteWithExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend Proto2MessageLiteWithExtensions {
+  optional double field_double_1 = 1;
+  optional float field_float_2 = 2;
+  optional int64 field_int64_3 = 3;
+  optional uint64 field_uint64_4 = 4;
+  optional int32 field_int32_5 = 5;
+  optional fixed64 field_fixed64_6 = 6;
+  optional fixed32 field_fixed32_7 = 7;
+  optional bool field_bool_8 = 8;
+  optional string field_string_9 = 9;
+  optional Proto2MessageLite field_message_10 = 10;
+  optional bytes field_bytes_11 = 11;
+  optional uint32 field_uint32_12 = 12;
+  optional Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum field_enum_13 = 13;
+  optional sfixed32 field_sfixed32_14 = 14;
+  optional sfixed64 field_sfixed64_15 = 15;
+  optional sint32 field_sint32_16 = 16;
+  optional sint64 field_sint64_17 = 17;
+
+  repeated double field_double_list_18 = 18 [packed = false];
+  repeated float field_float_list_19 = 19 [packed = false];
+  repeated int64 field_int64_list_20 = 20 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint64 field_uint64_list_21 = 21 [packed = false];
+  repeated int32 field_int32_list_22 = 22 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed64 field_fixed64_list_23 = 23 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed32 field_fixed32_list_24 = 24 [packed = false];
+  repeated bool field_bool_list_25 = 25 [packed = false];
+  repeated string field_string_list_26 = 26 [packed = false];
+  repeated Proto2MessageLite field_message_list_27 = 27 [packed = false];
+  repeated bytes field_bytes_list_28 = 28 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint32 field_uint32_list_29 = 29 [packed = false];
+  repeated Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum field_enum_list_30 = 30 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 field_sfixed32_list_31 = 31 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 field_sfixed64_list_32 = 32 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint32 field_sint32_list_33 = 33 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint64 field_sint64_list_34 = 34 [packed = false];
+
+  repeated double field_double_list_packed_35 = 35 [packed = true];
+  repeated float field_float_list_packed_36 = 36 [packed = true];
+  repeated int64 field_int64_list_packed_37 = 37 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64 field_uint64_list_packed_38 = 38 [packed = true];
+  repeated int32 field_int32_list_packed_39 = 39 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed64 field_fixed64_list_packed_40 = 40 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed32 field_fixed32_list_packed_41 = 41 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool field_bool_list_packed_42 = 42 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32 field_uint32_list_packed_43 = 43 [packed = true];
+  repeated Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum field_enum_list_packed_44 = 44
+      [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 field_sfixed32_list_packed_45 = 45 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 field_sfixed64_list_packed_46 = 46 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32 field_sint32_list_packed_47 = 47 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64 field_sint64_list_packed_48 = 48 [packed = true];
+
+  optional group FieldGroup49 = 49 {
+    optional int32 field_int32_50 = 50;
+  }
+
+  repeated group FieldGroupList51 = 51 {
+    optional int32 field_int32_52 = 52;
+  }
+}
+
+message Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps {
+  map<bool, bool> field_map_bool_bool_1 = 1;
+  map<bool, bytes> field_map_bool_bytes_2 = 2;
+  map<bool, double> field_map_bool_double_3 = 3;
+  map<bool, Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_bool_enum_4 = 4;
+  map<bool, fixed32> field_map_bool_fixed32_5 = 5;
+  map<bool, fixed64> field_map_bool_fixed64_6 = 6;
+  map<bool, float> field_map_bool_float_7 = 7;
+  map<bool, int32> field_map_bool_int32_8 = 8;
+  map<bool, int64> field_map_bool_int64_9 = 9;
+  map<bool, Proto2MessageLite> field_map_bool_message_10 = 10;
+  map<bool, sfixed32> field_map_bool_sfixed32_11 = 11;
+  map<bool, sfixed64> field_map_bool_sfixed64_12 = 12;
+  map<bool, sint32> field_map_bool_sint32_13 = 13;
+  map<bool, sint64> field_map_bool_sint64_14 = 14;
+  map<bool, string> field_map_bool_string_15 = 15;
+  map<bool, uint32> field_map_bool_uint32_16 = 16;
+  map<bool, uint64> field_map_bool_uint64_17 = 17;
+  map<fixed32, bool> field_map_fixed32_bool_18 = 18;
+  map<fixed32, bytes> field_map_fixed32_bytes_19 = 19;
+  map<fixed32, double> field_map_fixed32_double_20 = 20;
+  map<fixed32, Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_fixed32_enum_21 = 21;
+  map<fixed32, fixed32> field_map_fixed32_fixed32_22 = 22;
+  map<fixed32, fixed64> field_map_fixed32_fixed64_23 = 23;
+  map<fixed32, float> field_map_fixed32_float_24 = 24;
+  map<fixed32, int32> field_map_fixed32_int32_25 = 25;
+  map<fixed32, int64> field_map_fixed32_int64_26 = 26;
+  map<fixed32, Proto2MessageLite> field_map_fixed32_message_27 = 27;
+  map<fixed32, sfixed32> field_map_fixed32_sfixed32_28 = 28;
+  map<fixed32, sfixed64> field_map_fixed32_sfixed64_29 = 29;
+  map<fixed32, sint32> field_map_fixed32_sint32_30 = 30;
+  map<fixed32, sint64> field_map_fixed32_sint64_31 = 31;
+  map<fixed32, string> field_map_fixed32_string_32 = 32;
+  map<fixed32, uint32> field_map_fixed32_uint32_33 = 33;
+  map<fixed32, uint64> field_map_fixed32_uint64_34 = 34;
+  map<fixed64, bool> field_map_fixed64_bool_35 = 35;
+  map<fixed64, bytes> field_map_fixed64_bytes_36 = 36;
+  map<fixed64, double> field_map_fixed64_double_37 = 37;
+  map<fixed64, Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_fixed64_enum_38 = 38;
+  map<fixed64, fixed32> field_map_fixed64_fixed32_39 = 39;
+  map<fixed64, fixed64> field_map_fixed64_fixed64_40 = 40;
+  map<fixed64, float> field_map_fixed64_float_41 = 41;
+  map<fixed64, int32> field_map_fixed64_int32_42 = 42;
+  map<fixed64, int64> field_map_fixed64_int64_43 = 43;
+  map<fixed64, Proto2MessageLite> field_map_fixed64_message_44 = 44;
+  map<fixed64, sfixed32> field_map_fixed64_sfixed32_45 = 45;
+  map<fixed64, sfixed64> field_map_fixed64_sfixed64_46 = 46;
+  map<fixed64, sint32> field_map_fixed64_sint32_47 = 47;
+  map<fixed64, sint64> field_map_fixed64_sint64_48 = 48;
+  map<fixed64, string> field_map_fixed64_string_49 = 49;
+  map<fixed64, uint32> field_map_fixed64_uint32_50 = 50;
+  map<fixed64, uint64> field_map_fixed64_uint64_51 = 51;
+  map<int32, bool> field_map_int32_bool_52 = 52;
+  map<int32, bytes> field_map_int32_bytes_53 = 53;
+  map<int32, double> field_map_int32_double_54 = 54;
+  map<int32, Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_int32_enum_55 = 55;
+  map<int32, fixed32> field_map_int32_fixed32_56 = 56;
+  map<int32, fixed64> field_map_int32_fixed64_57 = 57;
+  map<int32, float> field_map_int32_float_58 = 58;
+  map<int32, int32> field_map_int32_int32_59 = 59;
+  map<int32, int64> field_map_int32_int64_60 = 60;
+  map<int32, Proto2MessageLite> field_map_int32_message_61 = 61;
+  map<int32, sfixed32> field_map_int32_sfixed32_62 = 62;
+  map<int32, sfixed64> field_map_int32_sfixed64_63 = 63;
+  map<int32, sint32> field_map_int32_sint32_64 = 64;
+  map<int32, sint64> field_map_int32_sint64_65 = 65;
+  map<int32, string> field_map_int32_string_66 = 66;
+  map<int32, uint32> field_map_int32_uint32_67 = 67;
+  map<int32, uint64> field_map_int32_uint64_68 = 68;
+  map<int64, bool> field_map_int64_bool_69 = 69;
+  map<int64, bytes> field_map_int64_bytes_70 = 70;
+  map<int64, double> field_map_int64_double_71 = 71;
+  map<int64, Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_int64_enum_72 = 72;
+  map<int64, fixed32> field_map_int64_fixed32_73 = 73;
+  map<int64, fixed64> field_map_int64_fixed64_74 = 74;
+  map<int64, float> field_map_int64_float_75 = 75;
+  map<int64, int32> field_map_int64_int32_76 = 76;
+  map<int64, int64> field_map_int64_int64_77 = 77;
+  map<int64, Proto2MessageLite> field_map_int64_message_78 = 78;
+  map<int64, sfixed32> field_map_int64_sfixed32_79 = 79;
+  map<int64, sfixed64> field_map_int64_sfixed64_80 = 80;
+  map<int64, sint32> field_map_int64_sint32_81 = 81;
+  map<int64, sint64> field_map_int64_sint64_82 = 82;
+  map<int64, string> field_map_int64_string_83 = 83;
+  map<int64, uint32> field_map_int64_uint32_84 = 84;
+  map<int64, uint64> field_map_int64_uint64_85 = 85;
+  map<sfixed32, bool> field_map_sfixed32_bool_86 = 86;
+  map<sfixed32, bytes> field_map_sfixed32_bytes_87 = 87;
+  map<sfixed32, double> field_map_sfixed32_double_88 = 88;
+  map<sfixed32, Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_sfixed32_enum_89 = 89;
+  map<sfixed32, fixed32> field_map_sfixed32_fixed32_90 = 90;
+  map<sfixed32, fixed64> field_map_sfixed32_fixed64_91 = 91;
+  map<sfixed32, float> field_map_sfixed32_float_92 = 92;
+  map<sfixed32, int32> field_map_sfixed32_int32_93 = 93;
+  map<sfixed32, int64> field_map_sfixed32_int64_94 = 94;
+  map<sfixed32, Proto2MessageLite> field_map_sfixed32_message_95 = 95;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> field_map_sfixed32_sfixed32_96 = 96;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed64> field_map_sfixed32_sfixed64_97 = 97;
+  map<sfixed32, sint32> field_map_sfixed32_sint32_98 = 98;
+  map<sfixed32, sint64> field_map_sfixed32_sint64_99 = 99;
+  map<sfixed32, string> field_map_sfixed32_string_100 = 100;
+  map<sfixed32, uint32> field_map_sfixed32_uint32_101 = 101;
+  map<sfixed32, uint64> field_map_sfixed32_uint64_102 = 102;
+  map<sfixed64, bool> field_map_sfixed64_bool_103 = 103;
+  map<sfixed64, bytes> field_map_sfixed64_bytes_104 = 104;
+  map<sfixed64, double> field_map_sfixed64_double_105 = 105;
+  map<sfixed64, Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_sfixed64_enum_106 = 106;
+  map<sfixed64, fixed32> field_map_sfixed64_fixed32_107 = 107;
+  map<sfixed64, fixed64> field_map_sfixed64_fixed64_108 = 108;
+  map<sfixed64, float> field_map_sfixed64_float_109 = 109;
+  map<sfixed64, int32> field_map_sfixed64_int32_110 = 110;
+  map<sfixed64, int64> field_map_sfixed64_int64_111 = 111;
+  map<sfixed64, Proto2MessageLite> field_map_sfixed64_message_112 = 112;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed32> field_map_sfixed64_sfixed32_113 = 113;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> field_map_sfixed64_sfixed64_114 = 114;
+  map<sfixed64, sint32> field_map_sfixed64_sint32_115 = 115;
+  map<sfixed64, sint64> field_map_sfixed64_sint64_116 = 116;
+  map<sfixed64, string> field_map_sfixed64_string_117 = 117;
+  map<sfixed64, uint32> field_map_sfixed64_uint32_118 = 118;
+  map<sfixed64, uint64> field_map_sfixed64_uint64_119 = 119;
+  map<sint32, bool> field_map_sint32_bool_120 = 120;
+  map<sint32, bytes> field_map_sint32_bytes_121 = 121;
+  map<sint32, double> field_map_sint32_double_122 = 122;
+  map<sint32, Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_sint32_enum_123 = 123;
+  map<sint32, fixed32> field_map_sint32_fixed32_124 = 124;
+  map<sint32, fixed64> field_map_sint32_fixed64_125 = 125;
+  map<sint32, float> field_map_sint32_float_126 = 126;
+  map<sint32, int32> field_map_sint32_int32_127 = 127;
+  map<sint32, int64> field_map_sint32_int64_128 = 128;
+  map<sint32, Proto2MessageLite> field_map_sint32_message_129 = 129;
+  map<sint32, sfixed32> field_map_sint32_sfixed32_130 = 130;
+  map<sint32, sfixed64> field_map_sint32_sfixed64_131 = 131;
+  map<sint32, sint32> field_map_sint32_sint32_132 = 132;
+  map<sint32, sint64> field_map_sint32_sint64_133 = 133;
+  map<sint32, string> field_map_sint32_string_134 = 134;
+  map<sint32, uint32> field_map_sint32_uint32_135 = 135;
+  map<sint32, uint64> field_map_sint32_uint64_136 = 136;
+  map<sint64, bool> field_map_sint64_bool_137 = 137;
+  map<sint64, bytes> field_map_sint64_bytes_138 = 138;
+  map<sint64, double> field_map_sint64_double_139 = 139;
+  map<sint64, Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_sint64_enum_140 = 140;
+  map<sint64, fixed32> field_map_sint64_fixed32_141 = 141;
+  map<sint64, fixed64> field_map_sint64_fixed64_142 = 142;
+  map<sint64, float> field_map_sint64_float_143 = 143;
+  map<sint64, int32> field_map_sint64_int32_144 = 144;
+  map<sint64, int64> field_map_sint64_int64_145 = 145;
+  map<sint64, Proto2MessageLite> field_map_sint64_message_146 = 146;
+  map<sint64, sfixed32> field_map_sint64_sfixed32_147 = 147;
+  map<sint64, sfixed64> field_map_sint64_sfixed64_148 = 148;
+  map<sint64, sint32> field_map_sint64_sint32_149 = 149;
+  map<sint64, sint64> field_map_sint64_sint64_150 = 150;
+  map<sint64, string> field_map_sint64_string_151 = 151;
+  map<sint64, uint32> field_map_sint64_uint32_152 = 152;
+  map<sint64, uint64> field_map_sint64_uint64_153 = 153;
+  map<string, bool> field_map_string_bool_154 = 154;
+  map<string, bytes> field_map_string_bytes_155 = 155;
+  map<string, double> field_map_string_double_156 = 156;
+  map<string, Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_string_enum_157 = 157;
+  map<string, fixed32> field_map_string_fixed32_158 = 158;
+  map<string, fixed64> field_map_string_fixed64_159 = 159;
+  map<string, float> field_map_string_float_160 = 160;
+  map<string, int32> field_map_string_int32_161 = 161;
+  map<string, int64> field_map_string_int64_162 = 162;
+  map<string, Proto2MessageLite> field_map_string_message_163 = 163;
+  map<string, sfixed32> field_map_string_sfixed32_164 = 164;
+  map<string, sfixed64> field_map_string_sfixed64_165 = 165;
+  map<string, sint32> field_map_string_sint32_166 = 166;
+  map<string, sint64> field_map_string_sint64_167 = 167;
+  map<string, string> field_map_string_string_168 = 168;
+  map<string, uint32> field_map_string_uint32_169 = 169;
+  map<string, uint64> field_map_string_uint64_170 = 170;
+  map<uint32, bool> field_map_uint32_bool_171 = 171;
+  map<uint32, bytes> field_map_uint32_bytes_172 = 172;
+  map<uint32, double> field_map_uint32_double_173 = 173;
+  map<uint32, Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_uint32_enum_174 = 174;
+  map<uint32, fixed32> field_map_uint32_fixed32_175 = 175;
+  map<uint32, fixed64> field_map_uint32_fixed64_176 = 176;
+  map<uint32, float> field_map_uint32_float_177 = 177;
+  map<uint32, int32> field_map_uint32_int32_178 = 178;
+  map<uint32, int64> field_map_uint32_int64_179 = 179;
+  map<uint32, Proto2MessageLite> field_map_uint32_message_180 = 180;
+  map<uint32, sfixed32> field_map_uint32_sfixed32_181 = 181;
+  map<uint32, sfixed64> field_map_uint32_sfixed64_182 = 182;
+  map<uint32, sint32> field_map_uint32_sint32_183 = 183;
+  map<uint32, sint64> field_map_uint32_sint64_184 = 184;
+  map<uint32, string> field_map_uint32_string_185 = 185;
+  map<uint32, uint32> field_map_uint32_uint32_186 = 186;
+  map<uint32, uint64> field_map_uint32_uint64_187 = 187;
+  map<uint64, bool> field_map_uint64_bool_188 = 188;
+  map<uint64, bytes> field_map_uint64_bytes_189 = 189;
+  map<uint64, double> field_map_uint64_double_190 = 190;
+  map<uint64, Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_uint64_enum_191 = 191;
+  map<uint64, fixed32> field_map_uint64_fixed32_192 = 192;
+  map<uint64, fixed64> field_map_uint64_fixed64_193 = 193;
+  map<uint64, float> field_map_uint64_float_194 = 194;
+  map<uint64, int32> field_map_uint64_int32_195 = 195;
+  map<uint64, int64> field_map_uint64_int64_196 = 196;
+  map<uint64, Proto2MessageLite> field_map_uint64_message_197 = 197;
+  map<uint64, sfixed32> field_map_uint64_sfixed32_198 = 198;
+  map<uint64, sfixed64> field_map_uint64_sfixed64_199 = 199;
+  map<uint64, sint32> field_map_uint64_sint32_200 = 200;
+  map<uint64, sint64> field_map_uint64_sint64_201 = 201;
+  map<uint64, string> field_map_uint64_string_202 = 202;
+  map<uint64, uint32> field_map_uint64_uint32_203 = 203;
+  map<uint64, uint64> field_map_uint64_uint64_204 = 204;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto2_unknown_enum_values.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto2_unknown_enum_values.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d470ac0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto2_unknown_enum_values.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package proto2_unknown_enum_values;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "Proto2UnknownEnumValuesTestProto";
+
+enum Proto2TestEnum {
+  ZERO = 0;
+  ONE = 1;
+  TWO = 2;
+}
+
+message Proto2EnumMessage {
+  repeated Proto2TestEnum repeated_packed_enum = 1 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// An enum containing a subset of the values of Proto2TestEnum, to test
+// parsing unknown packed enum values
+enum Proto2TestEnumSubset {
+  TESTENUM_SUBSET_ZERO = 0;
+  TESTENUM_SUBSET_ONE = 1;
+  // No enum value with number 2.
+}
+
+// Test messages for packed enum, with identical field number as
+// Proto2Message, to test parsing unknown packed enums.
+message Proto2EnumMessageWithEnumSubset {
+  repeated Proto2TestEnumSubset repeated_packed_enum = 1 [packed = true];
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto3_message.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto3_message.proto
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bcf32e196
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto3_message.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package protobuf.experimental;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.testing";
+option java_outer_classname = "Proto3Testing";
+
+message Proto3SpecialFieldName {
+  double regular_name = 1;
+  int32 cached_size = 2;
+  int64 serialized_size = 3;
+  string class = 4;
+}
+
+message Proto3Message {
+  enum TestEnum {
+    ZERO = 0;
+    ONE = 1;
+    TWO = 2;
+  }
+
+  double field_double_1 = 1;
+  float field_float_2 = 2;
+  int64 field_int64_3 = 3;
+  uint64 field_uint64_4 = 4;
+  int32 field_int32_5 = 5;
+  fixed64 field_fixed64_6 = 6;
+  fixed32 field_fixed32_7 = 7;
+  bool field_bool_8 = 8;
+  string field_string_9 = 9;
+  Proto3Message field_message_10 = 10;
+  bytes field_bytes_11 = 11;
+  uint32 field_uint32_12 = 12;
+  TestEnum field_enum_13 = 13;
+  sfixed32 field_sfixed32_14 = 14;
+  sfixed64 field_sfixed64_15 = 15;
+  sint32 field_sint32_16 = 16;
+  sint64 field_sint64_17 = 17;
+  repeated double field_double_list_18 = 18 [packed = false];
+  repeated float field_float_list_19 = 19 [packed = false];
+  repeated int64 field_int64_list_20 = 20 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint64 field_uint64_list_21 = 21 [packed = false];
+  repeated int32 field_int32_list_22 = 22 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed64 field_fixed64_list_23 = 23 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed32 field_fixed32_list_24 = 24 [packed = false];
+  repeated bool field_bool_list_25 = 25 [packed = false];
+  repeated string field_string_list_26 = 26 [packed = false];
+  repeated Proto3Message field_message_list_27 = 27 [packed = false];
+  repeated bytes field_bytes_list_28 = 28 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint32 field_uint32_list_29 = 29 [packed = false];
+  repeated TestEnum field_enum_list_30 = 30 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 field_sfixed32_list_31 = 31 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 field_sfixed64_list_32 = 32 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint32 field_sint32_list_33 = 33 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint64 field_sint64_list_34 = 34 [packed = false];
+  repeated double field_double_list_packed_35 = 35 [packed = true];
+  repeated float field_float_list_packed_36 = 36 [packed = true];
+  repeated int64 field_int64_list_packed_37 = 37 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64 field_uint64_list_packed_38 = 38 [packed = true];
+  repeated int32 field_int32_list_packed_39 = 39 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed64 field_fixed64_list_packed_40 = 40 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed32 field_fixed32_list_packed_41 = 41 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool field_bool_list_packed_42 = 42 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32 field_uint32_list_packed_43 = 43 [packed = true];
+  repeated TestEnum field_enum_list_packed_44 = 44 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 field_sfixed32_list_packed_45 = 45 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 field_sfixed64_list_packed_46 = 46 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32 field_sint32_list_packed_47 = 47 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64 field_sint64_list_packed_48 = 48 [packed = true];
+  oneof test_oneof {
+    double field_double_53 = 53;
+    float field_float_54 = 54;
+    int64 field_int64_55 = 55;
+    uint64 field_uint64_56 = 56;
+    int32 field_int32_57 = 57;
+    fixed64 field_fixed64_58 = 58;
+    fixed32 field_fixed32_59 = 59;
+    bool field_bool_60 = 60;
+    string field_string_61 = 61;
+    Proto3Message field_message_62 = 62;
+    bytes field_bytes_63 = 63;
+    uint32 field_uint32_64 = 64;
+    sfixed32 field_sfixed32_65 = 65;
+    sfixed64 field_sfixed64_66 = 66;
+    sint32 field_sint32_67 = 67;
+    sint64 field_sint64_68 = 68;
+  }
+}
+
+message Proto3Empty {}
+
+message Proto3MessageWithMaps {
+  map<bool, bool> field_map_bool_bool_1 = 1;
+  map<bool, bytes> field_map_bool_bytes_2 = 2;
+  map<bool, double> field_map_bool_double_3 = 3;
+  map<bool, Proto3Message.TestEnum> field_map_bool_enum_4 = 4;
+  map<bool, fixed32> field_map_bool_fixed32_5 = 5;
+  map<bool, fixed64> field_map_bool_fixed64_6 = 6;
+  map<bool, float> field_map_bool_float_7 = 7;
+  map<bool, int32> field_map_bool_int32_8 = 8;
+  map<bool, int64> field_map_bool_int64_9 = 9;
+  map<bool, Proto3Message> field_map_bool_message_10 = 10;
+  map<bool, sfixed32> field_map_bool_sfixed32_11 = 11;
+  map<bool, sfixed64> field_map_bool_sfixed64_12 = 12;
+  map<bool, sint32> field_map_bool_sint32_13 = 13;
+  map<bool, sint64> field_map_bool_sint64_14 = 14;
+  map<bool, string> field_map_bool_string_15 = 15;
+  map<bool, uint32> field_map_bool_uint32_16 = 16;
+  map<bool, uint64> field_map_bool_uint64_17 = 17;
+  map<fixed32, bool> field_map_fixed32_bool_18 = 18;
+  map<fixed32, bytes> field_map_fixed32_bytes_19 = 19;
+  map<fixed32, double> field_map_fixed32_double_20 = 20;
+  map<fixed32, Proto3Message.TestEnum> field_map_fixed32_enum_21 = 21;
+  map<fixed32, fixed32> field_map_fixed32_fixed32_22 = 22;
+  map<fixed32, fixed64> field_map_fixed32_fixed64_23 = 23;
+  map<fixed32, float> field_map_fixed32_float_24 = 24;
+  map<fixed32, int32> field_map_fixed32_int32_25 = 25;
+  map<fixed32, int64> field_map_fixed32_int64_26 = 26;
+  map<fixed32, Proto3Message> field_map_fixed32_message_27 = 27;
+  map<fixed32, sfixed32> field_map_fixed32_sfixed32_28 = 28;
+  map<fixed32, sfixed64> field_map_fixed32_sfixed64_29 = 29;
+  map<fixed32, sint32> field_map_fixed32_sint32_30 = 30;
+  map<fixed32, sint64> field_map_fixed32_sint64_31 = 31;
+  map<fixed32, string> field_map_fixed32_string_32 = 32;
+  map<fixed32, uint32> field_map_fixed32_uint32_33 = 33;
+  map<fixed32, uint64> field_map_fixed32_uint64_34 = 34;
+  map<fixed64, bool> field_map_fixed64_bool_35 = 35;
+  map<fixed64, bytes> field_map_fixed64_bytes_36 = 36;
+  map<fixed64, double> field_map_fixed64_double_37 = 37;
+  map<fixed64, Proto3Message.TestEnum> field_map_fixed64_enum_38 = 38;
+  map<fixed64, fixed32> field_map_fixed64_fixed32_39 = 39;
+  map<fixed64, fixed64> field_map_fixed64_fixed64_40 = 40;
+  map<fixed64, float> field_map_fixed64_float_41 = 41;
+  map<fixed64, int32> field_map_fixed64_int32_42 = 42;
+  map<fixed64, int64> field_map_fixed64_int64_43 = 43;
+  map<fixed64, Proto3Message> field_map_fixed64_message_44 = 44;
+  map<fixed64, sfixed32> field_map_fixed64_sfixed32_45 = 45;
+  map<fixed64, sfixed64> field_map_fixed64_sfixed64_46 = 46;
+  map<fixed64, sint32> field_map_fixed64_sint32_47 = 47;
+  map<fixed64, sint64> field_map_fixed64_sint64_48 = 48;
+  map<fixed64, string> field_map_fixed64_string_49 = 49;
+  map<fixed64, uint32> field_map_fixed64_uint32_50 = 50;
+  map<fixed64, uint64> field_map_fixed64_uint64_51 = 51;
+  map<int32, bool> field_map_int32_bool_52 = 52;
+  map<int32, bytes> field_map_int32_bytes_53 = 53;
+  map<int32, double> field_map_int32_double_54 = 54;
+  map<int32, Proto3Message.TestEnum> field_map_int32_enum_55 = 55;
+  map<int32, fixed32> field_map_int32_fixed32_56 = 56;
+  map<int32, fixed64> field_map_int32_fixed64_57 = 57;
+  map<int32, float> field_map_int32_float_58 = 58;
+  map<int32, int32> field_map_int32_int32_59 = 59;
+  map<int32, int64> field_map_int32_int64_60 = 60;
+  map<int32, Proto3Message> field_map_int32_message_61 = 61;
+  map<int32, sfixed32> field_map_int32_sfixed32_62 = 62;
+  map<int32, sfixed64> field_map_int32_sfixed64_63 = 63;
+  map<int32, sint32> field_map_int32_sint32_64 = 64;
+  map<int32, sint64> field_map_int32_sint64_65 = 65;
+  map<int32, string> field_map_int32_string_66 = 66;
+  map<int32, uint32> field_map_int32_uint32_67 = 67;
+  map<int32, uint64> field_map_int32_uint64_68 = 68;
+  map<int64, bool> field_map_int64_bool_69 = 69;
+  map<int64, bytes> field_map_int64_bytes_70 = 70;
+  map<int64, double> field_map_int64_double_71 = 71;
+  map<int64, Proto3Message.TestEnum> field_map_int64_enum_72 = 72;
+  map<int64, fixed32> field_map_int64_fixed32_73 = 73;
+  map<int64, fixed64> field_map_int64_fixed64_74 = 74;
+  map<int64, float> field_map_int64_float_75 = 75;
+  map<int64, int32> field_map_int64_int32_76 = 76;
+  map<int64, int64> field_map_int64_int64_77 = 77;
+  map<int64, Proto3Message> field_map_int64_message_78 = 78;
+  map<int64, sfixed32> field_map_int64_sfixed32_79 = 79;
+  map<int64, sfixed64> field_map_int64_sfixed64_80 = 80;
+  map<int64, sint32> field_map_int64_sint32_81 = 81;
+  map<int64, sint64> field_map_int64_sint64_82 = 82;
+  map<int64, string> field_map_int64_string_83 = 83;
+  map<int64, uint32> field_map_int64_uint32_84 = 84;
+  map<int64, uint64> field_map_int64_uint64_85 = 85;
+  map<sfixed32, bool> field_map_sfixed32_bool_86 = 86;
+  map<sfixed32, bytes> field_map_sfixed32_bytes_87 = 87;
+  map<sfixed32, double> field_map_sfixed32_double_88 = 88;
+  map<sfixed32, Proto3Message.TestEnum> field_map_sfixed32_enum_89 = 89;
+  map<sfixed32, fixed32> field_map_sfixed32_fixed32_90 = 90;
+  map<sfixed32, fixed64> field_map_sfixed32_fixed64_91 = 91;
+  map<sfixed32, float> field_map_sfixed32_float_92 = 92;
+  map<sfixed32, int32> field_map_sfixed32_int32_93 = 93;
+  map<sfixed32, int64> field_map_sfixed32_int64_94 = 94;
+  map<sfixed32, Proto3Message> field_map_sfixed32_message_95 = 95;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> field_map_sfixed32_sfixed32_96 = 96;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed64> field_map_sfixed32_sfixed64_97 = 97;
+  map<sfixed32, sint32> field_map_sfixed32_sint32_98 = 98;
+  map<sfixed32, sint64> field_map_sfixed32_sint64_99 = 99;
+  map<sfixed32, string> field_map_sfixed32_string_100 = 100;
+  map<sfixed32, uint32> field_map_sfixed32_uint32_101 = 101;
+  map<sfixed32, uint64> field_map_sfixed32_uint64_102 = 102;
+  map<sfixed64, bool> field_map_sfixed64_bool_103 = 103;
+  map<sfixed64, bytes> field_map_sfixed64_bytes_104 = 104;
+  map<sfixed64, double> field_map_sfixed64_double_105 = 105;
+  map<sfixed64, Proto3Message.TestEnum> field_map_sfixed64_enum_106 = 106;
+  map<sfixed64, fixed32> field_map_sfixed64_fixed32_107 = 107;
+  map<sfixed64, fixed64> field_map_sfixed64_fixed64_108 = 108;
+  map<sfixed64, float> field_map_sfixed64_float_109 = 109;
+  map<sfixed64, int32> field_map_sfixed64_int32_110 = 110;
+  map<sfixed64, int64> field_map_sfixed64_int64_111 = 111;
+  map<sfixed64, Proto3Message> field_map_sfixed64_message_112 = 112;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed32> field_map_sfixed64_sfixed32_113 = 113;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> field_map_sfixed64_sfixed64_114 = 114;
+  map<sfixed64, sint32> field_map_sfixed64_sint32_115 = 115;
+  map<sfixed64, sint64> field_map_sfixed64_sint64_116 = 116;
+  map<sfixed64, string> field_map_sfixed64_string_117 = 117;
+  map<sfixed64, uint32> field_map_sfixed64_uint32_118 = 118;
+  map<sfixed64, uint64> field_map_sfixed64_uint64_119 = 119;
+  map<sint32, bool> field_map_sint32_bool_120 = 120;
+  map<sint32, bytes> field_map_sint32_bytes_121 = 121;
+  map<sint32, double> field_map_sint32_double_122 = 122;
+  map<sint32, Proto3Message.TestEnum> field_map_sint32_enum_123 = 123;
+  map<sint32, fixed32> field_map_sint32_fixed32_124 = 124;
+  map<sint32, fixed64> field_map_sint32_fixed64_125 = 125;
+  map<sint32, float> field_map_sint32_float_126 = 126;
+  map<sint32, int32> field_map_sint32_int32_127 = 127;
+  map<sint32, int64> field_map_sint32_int64_128 = 128;
+  map<sint32, Proto3Message> field_map_sint32_message_129 = 129;
+  map<sint32, sfixed32> field_map_sint32_sfixed32_130 = 130;
+  map<sint32, sfixed64> field_map_sint32_sfixed64_131 = 131;
+  map<sint32, sint32> field_map_sint32_sint32_132 = 132;
+  map<sint32, sint64> field_map_sint32_sint64_133 = 133;
+  map<sint32, string> field_map_sint32_string_134 = 134;
+  map<sint32, uint32> field_map_sint32_uint32_135 = 135;
+  map<sint32, uint64> field_map_sint32_uint64_136 = 136;
+  map<sint64, bool> field_map_sint64_bool_137 = 137;
+  map<sint64, bytes> field_map_sint64_bytes_138 = 138;
+  map<sint64, double> field_map_sint64_double_139 = 139;
+  map<sint64, Proto3Message.TestEnum> field_map_sint64_enum_140 = 140;
+  map<sint64, fixed32> field_map_sint64_fixed32_141 = 141;
+  map<sint64, fixed64> field_map_sint64_fixed64_142 = 142;
+  map<sint64, float> field_map_sint64_float_143 = 143;
+  map<sint64, int32> field_map_sint64_int32_144 = 144;
+  map<sint64, int64> field_map_sint64_int64_145 = 145;
+  map<sint64, Proto3Message> field_map_sint64_message_146 = 146;
+  map<sint64, sfixed32> field_map_sint64_sfixed32_147 = 147;
+  map<sint64, sfixed64> field_map_sint64_sfixed64_148 = 148;
+  map<sint64, sint32> field_map_sint64_sint32_149 = 149;
+  map<sint64, sint64> field_map_sint64_sint64_150 = 150;
+  map<sint64, string> field_map_sint64_string_151 = 151;
+  map<sint64, uint32> field_map_sint64_uint32_152 = 152;
+  map<sint64, uint64> field_map_sint64_uint64_153 = 153;
+  map<string, bool> field_map_string_bool_154 = 154;
+  map<string, bytes> field_map_string_bytes_155 = 155;
+  map<string, double> field_map_string_double_156 = 156;
+  map<string, Proto3Message.TestEnum> field_map_string_enum_157 = 157;
+  map<string, fixed32> field_map_string_fixed32_158 = 158;
+  map<string, fixed64> field_map_string_fixed64_159 = 159;
+  map<string, float> field_map_string_float_160 = 160;
+  map<string, int32> field_map_string_int32_161 = 161;
+  map<string, int64> field_map_string_int64_162 = 162;
+  map<string, Proto3Message> field_map_string_message_163 = 163;
+  map<string, sfixed32> field_map_string_sfixed32_164 = 164;
+  map<string, sfixed64> field_map_string_sfixed64_165 = 165;
+  map<string, sint32> field_map_string_sint32_166 = 166;
+  map<string, sint64> field_map_string_sint64_167 = 167;
+  map<string, string> field_map_string_string_168 = 168;
+  map<string, uint32> field_map_string_uint32_169 = 169;
+  map<string, uint64> field_map_string_uint64_170 = 170;
+  map<uint32, bool> field_map_uint32_bool_171 = 171;
+  map<uint32, bytes> field_map_uint32_bytes_172 = 172;
+  map<uint32, double> field_map_uint32_double_173 = 173;
+  map<uint32, Proto3Message.TestEnum> field_map_uint32_enum_174 = 174;
+  map<uint32, fixed32> field_map_uint32_fixed32_175 = 175;
+  map<uint32, fixed64> field_map_uint32_fixed64_176 = 176;
+  map<uint32, float> field_map_uint32_float_177 = 177;
+  map<uint32, int32> field_map_uint32_int32_178 = 178;
+  map<uint32, int64> field_map_uint32_int64_179 = 179;
+  map<uint32, Proto3Message> field_map_uint32_message_180 = 180;
+  map<uint32, sfixed32> field_map_uint32_sfixed32_181 = 181;
+  map<uint32, sfixed64> field_map_uint32_sfixed64_182 = 182;
+  map<uint32, sint32> field_map_uint32_sint32_183 = 183;
+  map<uint32, sint64> field_map_uint32_sint64_184 = 184;
+  map<uint32, string> field_map_uint32_string_185 = 185;
+  map<uint32, uint32> field_map_uint32_uint32_186 = 186;
+  map<uint32, uint64> field_map_uint32_uint64_187 = 187;
+  map<uint64, bool> field_map_uint64_bool_188 = 188;
+  map<uint64, bytes> field_map_uint64_bytes_189 = 189;
+  map<uint64, double> field_map_uint64_double_190 = 190;
+  map<uint64, Proto3Message.TestEnum> field_map_uint64_enum_191 = 191;
+  map<uint64, fixed32> field_map_uint64_fixed32_192 = 192;
+  map<uint64, fixed64> field_map_uint64_fixed64_193 = 193;
+  map<uint64, float> field_map_uint64_float_194 = 194;
+  map<uint64, int32> field_map_uint64_int32_195 = 195;
+  map<uint64, int64> field_map_uint64_int64_196 = 196;
+  map<uint64, Proto3Message> field_map_uint64_message_197 = 197;
+  map<uint64, sfixed32> field_map_uint64_sfixed32_198 = 198;
+  map<uint64, sfixed64> field_map_uint64_sfixed64_199 = 199;
+  map<uint64, sint32> field_map_uint64_sint32_200 = 200;
+  map<uint64, sint64> field_map_uint64_sint64_201 = 201;
+  map<uint64, string> field_map_uint64_string_202 = 202;
+  map<uint64, uint32> field_map_uint64_uint32_203 = 203;
+  map<uint64, uint64> field_map_uint64_uint64_204 = 204;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto3_message_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto3_message_lite.proto
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4a378b5bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/proto3_message_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package protobuf.experimental;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.testing";
+option java_outer_classname = "Proto3TestingLite";
+
+message Proto3MessageLite {
+  enum TestEnum {
+    ZERO = 0;
+    ONE = 1;
+    TWO = 2;
+  }
+
+  double field_double_1 = 1;
+  float field_float_2 = 2;
+  int64 field_int64_3 = 3;
+  uint64 field_uint64_4 = 4;
+  int32 field_int32_5 = 5;
+  fixed64 field_fixed64_6 = 6;
+  fixed32 field_fixed32_7 = 7;
+  bool field_bool_8 = 8;
+  string field_string_9 = 9;
+  Proto3MessageLite field_message_10 = 10;
+  bytes field_bytes_11 = 11;
+  uint32 field_uint32_12 = 12;
+  TestEnum field_enum_13 = 13;
+  sfixed32 field_sfixed32_14 = 14;
+  sfixed64 field_sfixed64_15 = 15;
+  sint32 field_sint32_16 = 16;
+  sint64 field_sint64_17 = 17;
+  repeated double field_double_list_18 = 18 [packed = false];
+  repeated float field_float_list_19 = 19 [packed = false];
+  repeated int64 field_int64_list_20 = 20 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint64 field_uint64_list_21 = 21 [packed = false];
+  repeated int32 field_int32_list_22 = 22 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed64 field_fixed64_list_23 = 23 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed32 field_fixed32_list_24 = 24 [packed = false];
+  repeated bool field_bool_list_25 = 25 [packed = false];
+  repeated string field_string_list_26 = 26 [packed = false];
+  repeated Proto3MessageLite field_message_list_27 = 27 [packed = false];
+  repeated bytes field_bytes_list_28 = 28 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint32 field_uint32_list_29 = 29 [packed = false];
+  repeated TestEnum field_enum_list_30 = 30 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 field_sfixed32_list_31 = 31 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 field_sfixed64_list_32 = 32 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint32 field_sint32_list_33 = 33 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint64 field_sint64_list_34 = 34 [packed = false];
+  repeated double field_double_list_packed_35 = 35 [packed = true];
+  repeated float field_float_list_packed_36 = 36 [packed = true];
+  repeated int64 field_int64_list_packed_37 = 37 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64 field_uint64_list_packed_38 = 38 [packed = true];
+  repeated int32 field_int32_list_packed_39 = 39 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed64 field_fixed64_list_packed_40 = 40 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed32 field_fixed32_list_packed_41 = 41 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool field_bool_list_packed_42 = 42 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32 field_uint32_list_packed_43 = 43 [packed = true];
+  repeated TestEnum field_enum_list_packed_44 = 44 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 field_sfixed32_list_packed_45 = 45 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 field_sfixed64_list_packed_46 = 46 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32 field_sint32_list_packed_47 = 47 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64 field_sint64_list_packed_48 = 48 [packed = true];
+  oneof test_oneof {
+    double field_double_53 = 53;
+    float field_float_54 = 54;
+    int64 field_int64_55 = 55;
+    uint64 field_uint64_56 = 56;
+    int32 field_int32_57 = 57;
+    fixed64 field_fixed64_58 = 58;
+    fixed32 field_fixed32_59 = 59;
+    bool field_bool_60 = 60;
+    string field_string_61 = 61;
+    Proto3MessageLite field_message_62 = 62;
+    bytes field_bytes_63 = 63;
+    uint32 field_uint32_64 = 64;
+    sfixed32 field_sfixed32_65 = 65;
+    sfixed64 field_sfixed64_66 = 66;
+    sint32 field_sint32_67 = 67;
+    sint64 field_sint64_68 = 68;
+  }
+}
+
+message Proto3EmptyLite {}
+
+message Proto3MessageLiteWithMaps {
+  map<bool, bool> field_map_bool_bool_1 = 1;
+  map<bool, bytes> field_map_bool_bytes_2 = 2;
+  map<bool, double> field_map_bool_double_3 = 3;
+  map<bool, Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_bool_enum_4 = 4;
+  map<bool, fixed32> field_map_bool_fixed32_5 = 5;
+  map<bool, fixed64> field_map_bool_fixed64_6 = 6;
+  map<bool, float> field_map_bool_float_7 = 7;
+  map<bool, int32> field_map_bool_int32_8 = 8;
+  map<bool, int64> field_map_bool_int64_9 = 9;
+  map<bool, Proto3MessageLite> field_map_bool_message_10 = 10;
+  map<bool, sfixed32> field_map_bool_sfixed32_11 = 11;
+  map<bool, sfixed64> field_map_bool_sfixed64_12 = 12;
+  map<bool, sint32> field_map_bool_sint32_13 = 13;
+  map<bool, sint64> field_map_bool_sint64_14 = 14;
+  map<bool, string> field_map_bool_string_15 = 15;
+  map<bool, uint32> field_map_bool_uint32_16 = 16;
+  map<bool, uint64> field_map_bool_uint64_17 = 17;
+  map<fixed32, bool> field_map_fixed32_bool_18 = 18;
+  map<fixed32, bytes> field_map_fixed32_bytes_19 = 19;
+  map<fixed32, double> field_map_fixed32_double_20 = 20;
+  map<fixed32, Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_fixed32_enum_21 = 21;
+  map<fixed32, fixed32> field_map_fixed32_fixed32_22 = 22;
+  map<fixed32, fixed64> field_map_fixed32_fixed64_23 = 23;
+  map<fixed32, float> field_map_fixed32_float_24 = 24;
+  map<fixed32, int32> field_map_fixed32_int32_25 = 25;
+  map<fixed32, int64> field_map_fixed32_int64_26 = 26;
+  map<fixed32, Proto3MessageLite> field_map_fixed32_message_27 = 27;
+  map<fixed32, sfixed32> field_map_fixed32_sfixed32_28 = 28;
+  map<fixed32, sfixed64> field_map_fixed32_sfixed64_29 = 29;
+  map<fixed32, sint32> field_map_fixed32_sint32_30 = 30;
+  map<fixed32, sint64> field_map_fixed32_sint64_31 = 31;
+  map<fixed32, string> field_map_fixed32_string_32 = 32;
+  map<fixed32, uint32> field_map_fixed32_uint32_33 = 33;
+  map<fixed32, uint64> field_map_fixed32_uint64_34 = 34;
+  map<fixed64, bool> field_map_fixed64_bool_35 = 35;
+  map<fixed64, bytes> field_map_fixed64_bytes_36 = 36;
+  map<fixed64, double> field_map_fixed64_double_37 = 37;
+  map<fixed64, Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_fixed64_enum_38 = 38;
+  map<fixed64, fixed32> field_map_fixed64_fixed32_39 = 39;
+  map<fixed64, fixed64> field_map_fixed64_fixed64_40 = 40;
+  map<fixed64, float> field_map_fixed64_float_41 = 41;
+  map<fixed64, int32> field_map_fixed64_int32_42 = 42;
+  map<fixed64, int64> field_map_fixed64_int64_43 = 43;
+  map<fixed64, Proto3MessageLite> field_map_fixed64_message_44 = 44;
+  map<fixed64, sfixed32> field_map_fixed64_sfixed32_45 = 45;
+  map<fixed64, sfixed64> field_map_fixed64_sfixed64_46 = 46;
+  map<fixed64, sint32> field_map_fixed64_sint32_47 = 47;
+  map<fixed64, sint64> field_map_fixed64_sint64_48 = 48;
+  map<fixed64, string> field_map_fixed64_string_49 = 49;
+  map<fixed64, uint32> field_map_fixed64_uint32_50 = 50;
+  map<fixed64, uint64> field_map_fixed64_uint64_51 = 51;
+  map<int32, bool> field_map_int32_bool_52 = 52;
+  map<int32, bytes> field_map_int32_bytes_53 = 53;
+  map<int32, double> field_map_int32_double_54 = 54;
+  map<int32, Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_int32_enum_55 = 55;
+  map<int32, fixed32> field_map_int32_fixed32_56 = 56;
+  map<int32, fixed64> field_map_int32_fixed64_57 = 57;
+  map<int32, float> field_map_int32_float_58 = 58;
+  map<int32, int32> field_map_int32_int32_59 = 59;
+  map<int32, int64> field_map_int32_int64_60 = 60;
+  map<int32, Proto3MessageLite> field_map_int32_message_61 = 61;
+  map<int32, sfixed32> field_map_int32_sfixed32_62 = 62;
+  map<int32, sfixed64> field_map_int32_sfixed64_63 = 63;
+  map<int32, sint32> field_map_int32_sint32_64 = 64;
+  map<int32, sint64> field_map_int32_sint64_65 = 65;
+  map<int32, string> field_map_int32_string_66 = 66;
+  map<int32, uint32> field_map_int32_uint32_67 = 67;
+  map<int32, uint64> field_map_int32_uint64_68 = 68;
+  map<int64, bool> field_map_int64_bool_69 = 69;
+  map<int64, bytes> field_map_int64_bytes_70 = 70;
+  map<int64, double> field_map_int64_double_71 = 71;
+  map<int64, Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_int64_enum_72 = 72;
+  map<int64, fixed32> field_map_int64_fixed32_73 = 73;
+  map<int64, fixed64> field_map_int64_fixed64_74 = 74;
+  map<int64, float> field_map_int64_float_75 = 75;
+  map<int64, int32> field_map_int64_int32_76 = 76;
+  map<int64, int64> field_map_int64_int64_77 = 77;
+  map<int64, Proto3MessageLite> field_map_int64_message_78 = 78;
+  map<int64, sfixed32> field_map_int64_sfixed32_79 = 79;
+  map<int64, sfixed64> field_map_int64_sfixed64_80 = 80;
+  map<int64, sint32> field_map_int64_sint32_81 = 81;
+  map<int64, sint64> field_map_int64_sint64_82 = 82;
+  map<int64, string> field_map_int64_string_83 = 83;
+  map<int64, uint32> field_map_int64_uint32_84 = 84;
+  map<int64, uint64> field_map_int64_uint64_85 = 85;
+  map<sfixed32, bool> field_map_sfixed32_bool_86 = 86;
+  map<sfixed32, bytes> field_map_sfixed32_bytes_87 = 87;
+  map<sfixed32, double> field_map_sfixed32_double_88 = 88;
+  map<sfixed32, Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_sfixed32_enum_89 = 89;
+  map<sfixed32, fixed32> field_map_sfixed32_fixed32_90 = 90;
+  map<sfixed32, fixed64> field_map_sfixed32_fixed64_91 = 91;
+  map<sfixed32, float> field_map_sfixed32_float_92 = 92;
+  map<sfixed32, int32> field_map_sfixed32_int32_93 = 93;
+  map<sfixed32, int64> field_map_sfixed32_int64_94 = 94;
+  map<sfixed32, Proto3MessageLite> field_map_sfixed32_message_95 = 95;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> field_map_sfixed32_sfixed32_96 = 96;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed64> field_map_sfixed32_sfixed64_97 = 97;
+  map<sfixed32, sint32> field_map_sfixed32_sint32_98 = 98;
+  map<sfixed32, sint64> field_map_sfixed32_sint64_99 = 99;
+  map<sfixed32, string> field_map_sfixed32_string_100 = 100;
+  map<sfixed32, uint32> field_map_sfixed32_uint32_101 = 101;
+  map<sfixed32, uint64> field_map_sfixed32_uint64_102 = 102;
+  map<sfixed64, bool> field_map_sfixed64_bool_103 = 103;
+  map<sfixed64, bytes> field_map_sfixed64_bytes_104 = 104;
+  map<sfixed64, double> field_map_sfixed64_double_105 = 105;
+  map<sfixed64, Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_sfixed64_enum_106 = 106;
+  map<sfixed64, fixed32> field_map_sfixed64_fixed32_107 = 107;
+  map<sfixed64, fixed64> field_map_sfixed64_fixed64_108 = 108;
+  map<sfixed64, float> field_map_sfixed64_float_109 = 109;
+  map<sfixed64, int32> field_map_sfixed64_int32_110 = 110;
+  map<sfixed64, int64> field_map_sfixed64_int64_111 = 111;
+  map<sfixed64, Proto3MessageLite> field_map_sfixed64_message_112 = 112;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed32> field_map_sfixed64_sfixed32_113 = 113;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> field_map_sfixed64_sfixed64_114 = 114;
+  map<sfixed64, sint32> field_map_sfixed64_sint32_115 = 115;
+  map<sfixed64, sint64> field_map_sfixed64_sint64_116 = 116;
+  map<sfixed64, string> field_map_sfixed64_string_117 = 117;
+  map<sfixed64, uint32> field_map_sfixed64_uint32_118 = 118;
+  map<sfixed64, uint64> field_map_sfixed64_uint64_119 = 119;
+  map<sint32, bool> field_map_sint32_bool_120 = 120;
+  map<sint32, bytes> field_map_sint32_bytes_121 = 121;
+  map<sint32, double> field_map_sint32_double_122 = 122;
+  map<sint32, Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_sint32_enum_123 = 123;
+  map<sint32, fixed32> field_map_sint32_fixed32_124 = 124;
+  map<sint32, fixed64> field_map_sint32_fixed64_125 = 125;
+  map<sint32, float> field_map_sint32_float_126 = 126;
+  map<sint32, int32> field_map_sint32_int32_127 = 127;
+  map<sint32, int64> field_map_sint32_int64_128 = 128;
+  map<sint32, Proto3MessageLite> field_map_sint32_message_129 = 129;
+  map<sint32, sfixed32> field_map_sint32_sfixed32_130 = 130;
+  map<sint32, sfixed64> field_map_sint32_sfixed64_131 = 131;
+  map<sint32, sint32> field_map_sint32_sint32_132 = 132;
+  map<sint32, sint64> field_map_sint32_sint64_133 = 133;
+  map<sint32, string> field_map_sint32_string_134 = 134;
+  map<sint32, uint32> field_map_sint32_uint32_135 = 135;
+  map<sint32, uint64> field_map_sint32_uint64_136 = 136;
+  map<sint64, bool> field_map_sint64_bool_137 = 137;
+  map<sint64, bytes> field_map_sint64_bytes_138 = 138;
+  map<sint64, double> field_map_sint64_double_139 = 139;
+  map<sint64, Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_sint64_enum_140 = 140;
+  map<sint64, fixed32> field_map_sint64_fixed32_141 = 141;
+  map<sint64, fixed64> field_map_sint64_fixed64_142 = 142;
+  map<sint64, float> field_map_sint64_float_143 = 143;
+  map<sint64, int32> field_map_sint64_int32_144 = 144;
+  map<sint64, int64> field_map_sint64_int64_145 = 145;
+  map<sint64, Proto3MessageLite> field_map_sint64_message_146 = 146;
+  map<sint64, sfixed32> field_map_sint64_sfixed32_147 = 147;
+  map<sint64, sfixed64> field_map_sint64_sfixed64_148 = 148;
+  map<sint64, sint32> field_map_sint64_sint32_149 = 149;
+  map<sint64, sint64> field_map_sint64_sint64_150 = 150;
+  map<sint64, string> field_map_sint64_string_151 = 151;
+  map<sint64, uint32> field_map_sint64_uint32_152 = 152;
+  map<sint64, uint64> field_map_sint64_uint64_153 = 153;
+  map<string, bool> field_map_string_bool_154 = 154;
+  map<string, bytes> field_map_string_bytes_155 = 155;
+  map<string, double> field_map_string_double_156 = 156;
+  map<string, Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_string_enum_157 = 157;
+  map<string, fixed32> field_map_string_fixed32_158 = 158;
+  map<string, fixed64> field_map_string_fixed64_159 = 159;
+  map<string, float> field_map_string_float_160 = 160;
+  map<string, int32> field_map_string_int32_161 = 161;
+  map<string, int64> field_map_string_int64_162 = 162;
+  map<string, Proto3MessageLite> field_map_string_message_163 = 163;
+  map<string, sfixed32> field_map_string_sfixed32_164 = 164;
+  map<string, sfixed64> field_map_string_sfixed64_165 = 165;
+  map<string, sint32> field_map_string_sint32_166 = 166;
+  map<string, sint64> field_map_string_sint64_167 = 167;
+  map<string, string> field_map_string_string_168 = 168;
+  map<string, uint32> field_map_string_uint32_169 = 169;
+  map<string, uint64> field_map_string_uint64_170 = 170;
+  map<uint32, bool> field_map_uint32_bool_171 = 171;
+  map<uint32, bytes> field_map_uint32_bytes_172 = 172;
+  map<uint32, double> field_map_uint32_double_173 = 173;
+  map<uint32, Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_uint32_enum_174 = 174;
+  map<uint32, fixed32> field_map_uint32_fixed32_175 = 175;
+  map<uint32, fixed64> field_map_uint32_fixed64_176 = 176;
+  map<uint32, float> field_map_uint32_float_177 = 177;
+  map<uint32, int32> field_map_uint32_int32_178 = 178;
+  map<uint32, int64> field_map_uint32_int64_179 = 179;
+  map<uint32, Proto3MessageLite> field_map_uint32_message_180 = 180;
+  map<uint32, sfixed32> field_map_uint32_sfixed32_181 = 181;
+  map<uint32, sfixed64> field_map_uint32_sfixed64_182 = 182;
+  map<uint32, sint32> field_map_uint32_sint32_183 = 183;
+  map<uint32, sint64> field_map_uint32_sint64_184 = 184;
+  map<uint32, string> field_map_uint32_string_185 = 185;
+  map<uint32, uint32> field_map_uint32_uint32_186 = 186;
+  map<uint32, uint64> field_map_uint32_uint64_187 = 187;
+  map<uint64, bool> field_map_uint64_bool_188 = 188;
+  map<uint64, bytes> field_map_uint64_bytes_189 = 189;
+  map<uint64, double> field_map_uint64_double_190 = 190;
+  map<uint64, Proto3MessageLite.TestEnum> field_map_uint64_enum_191 = 191;
+  map<uint64, fixed32> field_map_uint64_fixed32_192 = 192;
+  map<uint64, fixed64> field_map_uint64_fixed64_193 = 193;
+  map<uint64, float> field_map_uint64_float_194 = 194;
+  map<uint64, int32> field_map_uint64_int32_195 = 195;
+  map<uint64, int64> field_map_uint64_int64_196 = 196;
+  map<uint64, Proto3MessageLite> field_map_uint64_message_197 = 197;
+  map<uint64, sfixed32> field_map_uint64_sfixed32_198 = 198;
+  map<uint64, sfixed64> field_map_uint64_sfixed64_199 = 199;
+  map<uint64, sint32> field_map_uint64_sint32_200 = 200;
+  map<uint64, sint64> field_map_uint64_sint64_201 = 201;
+  map<uint64, string> field_map_uint64_string_202 = 202;
+  map<uint64, uint32> field_map_uint64_uint32_203 = 203;
+  map<uint64, uint64> field_map_uint64_uint64_204 = 204;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8bf169143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+
+// This file tests that various identifiers work as field and type names even
+// though the same identifiers are used internally by the java code generator.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+package io_protocol_tests;
+
+option java_generic_services = true;  // auto-added
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "TestBadIdentifiersProto";
+
+message TestMessage {
+  optional string cached_size = 1;
+  optional string serialized_size = 2;
+  optional string class = 3;
+}
+
+message Descriptor {
+  option no_standard_descriptor_accessor = true;
+
+  optional string descriptor = 1;
+  message NestedDescriptor {
+    option no_standard_descriptor_accessor = true;
+
+    optional string descriptor = 1;
+  }
+  optional NestedDescriptor nested_descriptor = 2;
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    UNKNOWN = 0;
+    FOO = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+message Parser {
+  enum ParserEnum {
+    UNKNOWN = 0;
+    PARSER = 1;
+  }
+  optional ParserEnum parser = 1;
+}
+
+message Deprecated {
+  enum TestEnum {
+    UNKNOWN = 0;
+    FOO = 1;
+
+    // Test if @Deprecated annotation conflicts with Deprecated message name.
+    BAR = 2 [deprecated = true];
+  }
+
+  optional int32 field1 = 1 [deprecated = true];
+  optional TestEnum field2 = 2 [deprecated = true];
+  optional TestMessage field3 = 3 [deprecated = true];
+}
+
+message Override {
+  optional int32 override = 1;
+}
+
+message Object {
+  optional int32 object = 1;
+  optional string string_object = 2;
+}
+
+message String {
+  optional string string = 1;
+}
+
+message Integer {
+  optional int32 integer = 1;
+}
+
+message Long {
+  optional int32 long = 1;
+}
+
+message Float {
+  optional float float = 1;
+}
+
+message Double {
+  optional double double = 1;
+}
+
+service TestConflictingMethodNames {
+  rpc Override(TestMessage) returns (TestMessage);
+}
+
+message TestConflictingFieldNames {
+  enum TestEnum {
+    UNKNOWN = 0;
+    FOO = 1;
+  }
+  message TestMessage {}
+  repeated int32 int32_field = 1;
+  repeated TestEnum enum_field = 2;
+  repeated string string_field = 3;
+  repeated bytes bytes_field = 4;
+  repeated TestMessage message_field = 5;
+
+  optional int32 int32_field_count = 11;
+  optional TestEnum enum_field_count = 12;
+  optional string string_field_count = 13;
+  optional bytes bytes_field_count = 14;
+  optional TestMessage message_field_count = 15;
+
+  repeated int32 Int32Field = 21;          // NO_PROTO3
+  repeated TestEnum EnumField = 22;        // NO_PROTO3
+  repeated string StringField = 23;        // NO_PROTO3
+  repeated bytes BytesField = 24;          // NO_PROTO3
+  repeated TestMessage MessageField = 25;  // NO_PROTO3
+
+  // This field conflicts with "int32_field" as they both generate
+  // the method getInt32FieldList().
+  required int32 int32_field_list = 31;  // NO_PROTO3
+
+  // These field pairs have the same Java converted name
+  optional string field_name = 32;   // NO_PROTO3
+  optional string field__name = 33;  // NO_PROTO3
+  optional int32 _2conflict = 34;    // NO_PROTO3
+  optional int32 __2conflict = 35;
+
+  extensions 1000 to max;  // NO_PROTO3
+
+  repeated int64 int64_field = 41;
+  extend TestConflictingFieldNames {  // NO_PROTO3
+    // We don't generate accessors for extensions so the following extension
+    // fields don't conflict with the repeated field "int64_field".
+    optional int64 int64_field_count = 1001;  // NO_PROTO3
+    optional int64 int64_field_list = 1002;   // NO_PROTO3
+  }                                           // NO_PROTO3
+}
+
+message TestMapField {
+  message MapField {}
+  message Pair {}
+  message Message {}
+
+  map<int32, int32> map_field = 1;
+}
+
+message TestLeadingNumberFields {
+  optional int32 _30day_impressions = 1;
+  repeated string _60day_impressions = 2;
+
+  optional string __2_underscores = 3;
+  repeated string __2repeated_underscores = 4;
+
+  optional int32 _32 = 32;
+  repeated int64 _64 = 64;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_check_utf8.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_check_utf8.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..119c1dcba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_check_utf8.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Jacob Butcher (jbaum@google.com)
+//
+// Test file option java_string_check_utf8.
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package proto2_test_check_utf8;
+
+option java_outer_classname = "TestCheckUtf8";
+option java_string_check_utf8 = true;
+
+message StringWrapper {
+  required string req = 1;
+  optional string opt = 2;
+  repeated string rep = 3;
+}
+
+message BytesWrapper {
+  required bytes req = 1;
+  optional bytes opt = 2;
+  repeated bytes rep = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_check_utf8_size.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_check_utf8_size.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f06d76d62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_check_utf8_size.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Jacob Butcher (jbaum@google.com)
+//
+// Test file option java_string_check_utf8.
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package proto2_test_check_utf8_size;
+
+option java_outer_classname = "TestCheckUtf8Size";
+option java_string_check_utf8 = true;
+option optimize_for = CODE_SIZE;
+
+message StringWrapperSize {
+  required string req = 1;
+  optional string opt = 2;
+  repeated string rep = 3;
+}
+
+message BytesWrapperSize {
+  required bytes req = 1;
+  optional bytes opt = 2;
+  repeated bytes rep = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_custom_options.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_custom_options.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dde4ca561
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_custom_options.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Feng Xiao (xiaofeng@google.com)
+//
+// Test that custom options defined in a proto file's dependencies are properly
+// initialized.
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto";
+
+
+message TestMessageWithCustomOptionsContainer {
+  optional TestMessageWithCustomOptions field = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_extra_interfaces.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_extra_interfaces.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d41b7a11c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_extra_interfaces.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: Darick Tong (darick@google.com)
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+message Proto1 {
+  option experimental_java_message_interface =
+      "com.google.protobuf.ExtraInterfaces.HasBoolValue";
+  option experimental_java_message_interface =
+      "com.google.protobuf.ExtraInterfaces.HasStringValue<Proto1>";
+  option experimental_java_builder_interface =
+      "com.google.protobuf.ExtraInterfaces.HasStringValueBuilder"
+      "<Proto1, Builder>";
+
+  optional string string_value = 1;
+  optional bool bool_value = 2;
+  optional bytes byte_value = 3;
+  optional int32 int_value = 4;
+}
+
+message Proto2 {
+  option experimental_java_message_interface =
+      "com.google.protobuf.ExtraInterfaces.HasBoolValue";
+
+  optional bool bool_value = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/wrappers_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/wrappers_test.proto
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..60f49e08c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/wrappers_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package wrappers_test;
+
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.wrapperstest";
+option java_outer_classname = "WrappersTestProto";
+
+message TopLevelMessage {
+  int32 field1 = 1;
+  .google.protobuf.DoubleValue field_double = 2;
+  .google.protobuf.FloatValue field_float = 3;
+  .google.protobuf.Int64Value field_int64 = 4;
+  .google.protobuf.UInt64Value field_uint64 = 5;
+  .google.protobuf.Int32Value field_int32 = 6;
+  .google.protobuf.UInt32Value field_uint32 = 7;
+  .google.protobuf.BoolValue field_bool = 8;
+  .google.protobuf.StringValue field_string = 9;
+  .google.protobuf.BytesValue field_bytes = 10;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5cbfbb1d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+
+Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+
+https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+
+## Use Protobuf Java Lite Runtime
+
+Protobuf Java Lite runtime is separated from the main Java runtime because
+it's designed/implemented with different constraints. In particular, Java
+Lite runtime has a much smaller code size which makes it more suitable to
+be used on Android.
+
+Note that in order to achieve maximum performance and code size, we will
+NOT guarantee API/ABI stability for Java Lite. If this is not acceptable
+for your use-case, please use the full Java runtime instead. Note that
+the latest version of Java Lite is not compatible with the 3.0.0 version.
+
+You can generate Java Lite code for your .proto files:
+
+    $ protoc --java_out=lite:${OUTPUT_DIR} path/to/your/proto/file
+
+Note that "optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME" option in proto file is deprecated
+and will not have any effect any more.
+
+Include the generated Java files in your project and add a dependency on the
+protobuf Java runtime. If you are using Maven, use the following:
+
+```xml
+<dependency>
+  <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+  <artifactId>protobuf-javalite</artifactId>
+  <version>3.9.1</version>
+</dependency>
+```
+
+For the older version of Java Lite (v3.0.0), please refer to:
+
+    https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/javalite/java/lite.md
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/generate-sources-build.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/generate-sources-build.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74d96a2f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/generate-sources-build.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<project name="generate-sources">
+    <echo message="Running protoc ..."/>
+    <mkdir dir="${generated.sources.dir}"/>
+    <exec executable="${protoc}">
+        <arg value="--java_out=lite:${generated.sources.dir}"/>
+        <arg value="--proto_path=${protobuf.source.dir}"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/any.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/api.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/duration.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/empty.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/source_context.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/struct.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/type.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto"/>
+    </exec>
+</project>
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/generate-test-sources-build.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/generate-test-sources-build.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c1a18c54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/generate-test-sources-build.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<project name="generate-test-sources">
+    <mkdir dir="${generated.testsources.dir}"/>
+    <exec executable="${protoc}">
+        <arg value="--java_out=lite:${generated.testsources.dir}"/>
+        <arg value="--proto_path=${protobuf.source.dir}"/>
+        <arg value="--proto_path=${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.source.dir}/google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/any_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/cached_field_size_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/deprecated_file.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/field_presence_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/lazy_fields_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/lite_equals_and_hash.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_lite_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/map_initialization_order_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/map_lite_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/map_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/message_lite_extension_util_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/nested_builders_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/nested_extension_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/non_nested_extension_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test2.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/outer_class_name_test3.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/packed_field_test.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/proto2_message.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/proto2_message_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/proto2_unknown_enum_values.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/proto3_message.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/proto3_message_lite.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/test_check_utf8.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/test_check_utf8_size.proto"/>
+        <arg value="${protobuf.basedir}/java/core/${test.proto.dir}/com/google/protobuf/wrappers_test.proto"/>
+    </exec>
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/lite.awk b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/lite.awk
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b22d965b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/lite.awk
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Remove code enclosed by "BEGIN FULL-RUNTIME" and "END FULL-RUNTIME" to
+# create the lite-only version of a test file.
+
+BEGIN {
+  in_full_runtime = 0;
+}
+
+/BEGIN FULL-RUNTIME/ {
+  in_full_runtime = 1;
+  next;
+}
+
+/END FULL-RUNTIME/ {
+  in_full_runtime = 0;
+  next;
+}
+
+in_full_runtime {
+  # Skip full runtime code path.
+  next;
+}
+
+{
+  print;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/pom.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47bc1219f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+    <artifactId>protobuf-parent</artifactId>
+    <version>3.11.4</version>
+  </parent>
+
+  <artifactId>protobuf-javalite</artifactId>
+  <packaging>bundle</packaging>
+
+  <name>Protocol Buffers [Lite]</name>
+  <description>
+    Lite version of Protocol Buffers library. This version is optimized for code size, but does
+    not guarantee API/ABI stability.
+  </description>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>junit</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
+      <artifactId>easymock</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
+      <artifactId>easymockclassextension</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
+      <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.truth</groupId>
+      <artifactId>truth</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+
+  <build>
+     <!-- Include core protos in the bundle as resources -->
+     <resources>
+      <resource>
+        <directory>${protobuf.source.dir}</directory>
+        <includes>
+          <include>google/protobuf/any.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/api.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/empty.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/field_mask.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/source_context.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/struct.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/timestamp.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/type.proto</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/wrappers.proto</include>
+        </includes>
+      </resource>
+    </resources>
+    <testResources>
+      <testResource>
+        <directory>${protobuf.source.dir}</directory>
+        <includes>
+          <include>google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_oneof_implemented</include>
+          <include>google/protobuf/testdata/golden_packed_fields_message</include>
+        </includes>
+      </testResource>
+    </testResources>
+
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>3.1.0</version>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>copy-source-files</id>
+            <phase>generate-sources</phase>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>copy-resources</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <outputDirectory>${generated.sources.dir}/com/google/protobuf</outputDirectory>
+              <resources>
+                <resource>
+                  <directory>${basedir}/../core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf</directory>
+                  <includes>
+                    <!-- Keep in sync with //:BUILD  -->
+                    <include>AbstractMessageLite.java</include>
+                    <include>AbstractParser.java</include>
+                    <include>AbstractProtobufList.java</include>
+                    <include>AllocatedBuffer.java</include>
+                    <include>Android.java</include>
+                    <include>ArrayDecoders.java</include>
+                    <include>BinaryReader.java</include>
+                    <include>BinaryWriter.java</include>
+                    <include>BooleanArrayList.java</include>
+                    <include>BufferAllocator.java</include>
+                    <include>ByteBufferWriter.java</include>
+                    <include>ByteOutput.java</include>
+                    <include>ByteString.java</include>
+                    <include>CodedInputStream.java</include>
+                    <include>CodedInputStreamReader.java</include>
+                    <include>CodedOutputStream.java</include>
+                    <include>CodedOutputStreamWriter.java</include>
+                    <include>DoubleArrayList.java</include>
+                    <include>ExperimentalApi.java</include>
+                    <include>ExtensionLite.java</include>
+                    <include>ExtensionRegistryFactory.java</include>
+                    <include>ExtensionRegistryLite.java</include>
+                    <include>ExtensionSchema.java</include>
+                    <include>ExtensionSchemaLite.java</include>
+                    <include>ExtensionSchemas.java</include>
+                    <include>FieldInfo.java</include>
+                    <include>FieldSet.java</include>
+                    <include>FieldType.java</include>
+                    <include>FloatArrayList.java</include>
+                    <include>GeneratedMessageInfoFactory.java</include>
+                    <include>GeneratedMessageLite.java</include>
+                    <include>IntArrayList.java</include>
+                    <include>Internal.java</include>
+                    <include>InvalidProtocolBufferException.java</include>
+                    <include>IterableByteBufferInputStream.java</include>
+                    <include>JavaType.java</include>
+                    <include>LazyField.java</include>
+                    <include>LazyFieldLite.java</include>
+                    <include>LazyStringArrayList.java</include>
+                    <include>LazyStringList.java</include>
+                    <include>ListFieldSchema.java</include>
+                    <include>LongArrayList.java</include>
+                    <include>ManifestSchemaFactory.java</include>
+                    <include>MapEntryLite.java</include>
+                    <include>MapFieldLite.java</include>
+                    <include>MapFieldSchema.java</include>
+                    <include>MapFieldSchemaLite.java</include>
+                    <include>MapFieldSchemas.java</include>
+                    <include>MessageInfo.java</include>
+                    <include>MessageInfoFactory.java</include>
+                    <include>MessageLite.java</include>
+                    <include>MessageLiteOrBuilder.java</include>
+                    <include>MessageLiteToString.java</include>
+                    <include>MessageSchema.java</include>
+                    <include>MessageSetSchema.java</include>
+                    <include>MutabilityOracle.java</include>
+                    <include>NewInstanceSchema.java</include>
+                    <include>NewInstanceSchemaLite.java</include>
+                    <include>NewInstanceSchemas.java</include>
+                    <include>NioByteString.java</include>
+                    <include>OneofInfo.java</include>
+                    <include>Parser.java</include>
+                    <include>PrimitiveNonBoxingCollection.java</include>
+                    <include>ProtoSyntax.java</include>
+                    <include>Protobuf.java</include>
+                    <include>ProtobufArrayList.java</include>
+                    <include>ProtobufLists.java</include>
+                    <include>ProtocolStringList.java</include>
+                    <include>RawMessageInfo.java</include>
+                    <include>Reader.java</include>
+                    <include>RopeByteString.java</include>
+                    <include>Schema.java</include>
+                    <include>SchemaFactory.java</include>
+                    <include>SchemaUtil.java</include>
+                    <include>SmallSortedMap.java</include>
+                    <include>StructuralMessageInfo.java</include>
+                    <include>TextFormatEscaper.java</include>
+                    <include>UninitializedMessageException.java</include>
+                    <include>UnknownFieldSchema.java</include>
+                    <include>UnknownFieldSetLite.java</include>
+                    <include>UnknownFieldSetLiteSchema.java</include>
+                    <include>UnmodifiableLazyStringList.java</include>
+                    <include>UnsafeUtil.java</include>
+                    <include>Utf8.java</include>
+                    <include>WireFormat.java</include>
+                    <include>Writer.java</include>
+                  </includes>
+                </resource>
+              </resources>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+          <execution>
+            <id>copy-test-source-files</id>
+            <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>copy-resources</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <outputDirectory>${generated.testsources.dir}/com/google/protobuf</outputDirectory>
+              <resources>
+                <resource>
+                  <directory>${basedir}/../core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf</directory>
+                  <!-- For sources, we want to be explicit about what we add so we don't accidentally
+                  increase the size of the lite runtime library. For tests, we want to be defensive
+                  and exclude only the full runtime exclusive tests so we don't accidentally miss
+                  any test. -->
+                  <excludes>
+                    <exclude>AbstractMessageTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>AbstractProto2SchemaTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>AnyTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>CodedInputStreamTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>DeprecatedFieldTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>DescriptorsTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>DiscardUnknownFieldsTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>DynamicMessageTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>FieldPresenceTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>ForceFieldBuildersPreRun.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>GeneratedMessageTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>LazyFieldTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>LazyStringEndToEndTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>MapForProto2Test.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>MapTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>MessageTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>NestedBuildersTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>PackedFieldTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>ParserTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>ParseExceptionsTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>Proto2ExtensionLookupSchemaTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>Proto2SchemaTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>Proto2UnknownEnumValueTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>RepeatedFieldBuilderV3Test.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>ServiceTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>SingleFieldBuilderV3Test.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>TestBadIdentifiers.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>TextFormatParseInfoTreeTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>TextFormatParseLocationTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>TextFormatTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>TestUtil.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>TypeRegistryTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>UnknownEnumValueTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>UnknownFieldSetLiteTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>UnknownFieldSetTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>WellKnownTypesTest.java</exclude>
+                    <exclude>WireFormatTest.java</exclude>
+                  </excludes>
+                </resource>
+              </resources>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <!-- Use Antrun plugin to generate sources with protoc -->
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <!-- Generate core protos -->
+          <execution>
+            <id>generate-sources</id>
+            <phase>generate-sources</phase>
+            <configuration>
+              <target>
+                <ant antfile="generate-sources-build.xml"/>
+              </target>
+            </configuration>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>run</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+
+          <!-- Generate the test protos -->
+          <execution>
+            <id>generate-test-sources</id>
+            <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
+            <configuration>
+              <target>
+                <ant antfile="generate-test-sources-build.xml"/>
+              </target>
+            </configuration>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>run</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+
+          <execution>
+            <id>process-lite-sources</id>
+            <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
+            <configuration>
+              <target>
+                <ant antfile="process-lite-sources-build.xml"/>
+              </target>
+            </configuration>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>run</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
+        <artifactId>build-helper-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>add-generated-sources</id>
+            <phase>generate-sources</phase>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>add-source</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <sources>
+                <source>${generated.sources.dir}</source>
+              </sources>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+
+          <execution>
+            <id>add-generated-test-sources</id>
+            <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>add-test-source</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <sources>
+                <source>${generated.testsources.dir}</source>
+              </sources>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <!-- OSGI bundle configuration -->
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.felix</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-bundle-plugin</artifactId>
+        <extensions>true</extensions>
+        <configuration>
+          <instructions>
+            <Automatic-Module-Name>com.google.protobuf</Automatic-Module-Name> <!-- Java9+ Jigsaw module name -->
+            <Bundle-DocURL>https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/</Bundle-DocURL>
+            <Bundle-SymbolicName>com.google.protobuf</Bundle-SymbolicName>
+            <Export-Package>com.google.protobuf;version=${project.version}</Export-Package>
+            <Import-Package>sun.misc;resolution:=optional,*</Import-Package>
+          </instructions>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/process-lite-sources-build.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/process-lite-sources-build.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d49cf3aac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/process-lite-sources-build.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<project name="process-lite-sources">
+    <exec executable="awk" output="${generated.testsources.dir}/com/google/protobuf/TestUtil.java">
+      <arg value="-f" />
+      <arg value="${basedir}/lite.awk" />
+      <arg value="${basedir}/../core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestUtil.java" />
+    </exec>
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/proguard.pgcfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/proguard.pgcfg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4bb31e57b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/proguard.pgcfg
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-keepclassmembers class * extends com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite {
+  <fields>;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e37e2ca0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,2463 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.FieldPresenceTestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestImportLite.ImportEnumLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestImportPublicLite.PublicImportMessageLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.ForeignEnumLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.ForeignMessageLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllExtensionsLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllTypesLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllTypesLite.OneofFieldCase;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllTypesLite.OptionalGroup;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllTypesLite.RepeatedGroup;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllTypesLiteOrBuilder;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestHugeFieldNumbersLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestNestedExtensionLite;
+import map_lite_test.MapTestProto.TestMap;
+import map_lite_test.MapTestProto.TestMap.MessageValue;
+import protobuf_unittest.NestedExtensionLite;
+import protobuf_unittest.NonNestedExtensionLite;
+import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.Bar;
+import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.BarPrime;
+import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.Foo;
+import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.TestOneofEquals;
+import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.TestRecursiveOneof;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Test lite runtime.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public class LiteTest extends TestCase {
+  @Override
+  public void setUp() throws Exception {
+    // Test that nested extensions are initialized correctly even if the outer
+    // class has not been accessed directly.  This was once a bug with lite
+    // messages.
+    //
+    // We put this in setUp() rather than in its own test method because we
+    // need to make sure it runs before any actual tests.
+    assertNotNull(TestNestedExtensionLite.nestedExtension);
+  }
+
+  public void testLite() throws Exception {
+    // Since lite messages are a subset of regular messages, we can mostly
+    // assume that the functionality of lite messages is already thoroughly
+    // tested by the regular tests.  All this test really verifies is that
+    // a proto with optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME compiles correctly when
+    // linked only against the lite library.  That is all tested at compile
+    // time, leaving not much to do in this method.  Let's just do some random
+    // stuff to make sure the lite message is actually here and usable.
+
+    TestAllTypesLite message =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalInt32(123)
+            .addRepeatedString("hello")
+            .setOptionalNestedMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(7))
+            .build();
+
+    ByteString data = message.toByteString();
+
+    TestAllTypesLite message2 = TestAllTypesLite.parseFrom(data);
+
+    assertEquals(123, message2.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(1, message2.getRepeatedStringCount());
+    assertEquals("hello", message2.getRepeatedString(0));
+    assertEquals(7, message2.getOptionalNestedMessage().getBb());
+  }
+
+  public void testLite_unknownEnumAtListBoundary() throws Exception {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream byteStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(byteStream);
+    for (int i = 0; i < AbstractProtobufList.DEFAULT_CAPACITY; i++) {
+      output.writeInt32(TestAllTypesLite.REPEATED_NESTED_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER, 1);
+    }
+    // 0 is not a valid enum value for NestedEnum
+    output.writeInt32(TestAllTypesLite.REPEATED_NESTED_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER, 0);
+    output.flush();
+    // This tests a bug we had once with removal right at the boundary of the array. It would throw
+    // at runtime so no need to assert.
+    TestAllTypesLite.parseFrom(new ByteArrayInputStream(byteStream.toByteArray()));
+  }
+
+  public void testLiteExtensions() throws Exception {
+    // TODO(kenton):  Unlike other features of the lite library, extensions are
+    //   implemented completely differently from the regular library.  We
+    //   should probably test them more thoroughly.
+
+    TestAllExtensionsLite message =
+        TestAllExtensionsLite.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite, 123)
+            .addExtension(UnittestLite.repeatedStringExtensionLite, "hello")
+            .setExtension(UnittestLite.optionalNestedEnumExtensionLite, NestedEnum.BAZ)
+            .setExtension(
+                UnittestLite.optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite,
+                NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(7).build())
+            .build();
+
+    // Test copying a message, since coping extensions actually does use a
+    // different code path between lite and regular libraries, and as of this
+    // writing, parsing hasn't been implemented yet.
+    TestAllExtensionsLite message2 = message.toBuilder().build();
+
+    assertEquals(123, (int) message2.getExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEquals(1, message2.getExtensionCount(UnittestLite.repeatedStringExtensionLite));
+    assertEquals(1, message2.getExtension(UnittestLite.repeatedStringExtensionLite).size());
+    assertEquals("hello", message2.getExtension(UnittestLite.repeatedStringExtensionLite, 0));
+    assertEquals(
+        NestedEnum.BAZ, message2.getExtension(UnittestLite.optionalNestedEnumExtensionLite));
+    assertEquals(7, message2.getExtension(UnittestLite.optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite).getBb());
+  }
+
+  public void testClone() {
+    TestAllTypesLite.Builder expected = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(123);
+    assertEquals(expected.getOptionalInt32(), expected.clone().getOptionalInt32());
+
+    TestAllExtensionsLite.Builder expected2 =
+        TestAllExtensionsLite.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite, 123);
+    assertEquals(
+        expected2.getExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite),
+        expected2.clone().getExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+  }
+
+  public void testAddAll() {
+    try {
+      TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addAllRepeatedBytes(null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMemoization() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensionsLite message = TestUtilLite.getAllLiteExtensionsSet();
+
+    // Test serialized size is memoized
+    message.memoizedSerializedSize = -1;
+    int size = message.getSerializedSize();
+    assertTrue(size > 0);
+    assertEquals(size, message.memoizedSerializedSize);
+
+    // Test hashCode is memoized
+    assertEquals(0, message.memoizedHashCode);
+    int hashCode = message.hashCode();
+    assertTrue(hashCode != 0);
+    assertEquals(hashCode, message.memoizedHashCode);
+
+    // Test isInitialized is memoized
+    Field memo = message.getClass().getDeclaredField("memoizedIsInitialized");
+    memo.setAccessible(true);
+    memo.set(message, (byte) -1);
+    boolean initialized = message.isInitialized();
+    assertTrue(initialized);
+    // We have to cast to Byte first. Casting to byte causes a type error
+    assertEquals(1, ((Byte) memo.get(message)).intValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testSanityCopyOnWrite() throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    // Since builders are implemented as a thin wrapper around a message
+    // instance, we attempt to verify that we can't cause the builder to modify
+    // a produced message.
+
+    TestAllTypesLite.Builder builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder();
+    TestAllTypesLite message = builder.build();
+    TestAllTypesLite messageAfterBuild;
+    builder.setOptionalBool(true);
+    assertEquals(false, message.getOptionalBool());
+    assertEquals(true, builder.getOptionalBool());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(true, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalBool());
+    assertEquals(false, message.getOptionalBool());
+    builder.clearOptionalBool();
+    assertEquals(false, builder.getOptionalBool());
+    assertEquals(true, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalBool());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalBytes(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi"));
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getOptionalBytes());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi"), builder.getOptionalBytes());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi"), messageAfterBuild.getOptionalBytes());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getOptionalBytes());
+    builder.clearOptionalBytes();
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, builder.getOptionalBytes());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi"), messageAfterBuild.getOptionalBytes());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalCord("hi");
+    assertEquals("", message.getOptionalCord());
+    assertEquals("hi", builder.getOptionalCord());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals("hi", messageAfterBuild.getOptionalCord());
+    assertEquals("", message.getOptionalCord());
+    builder.clearOptionalCord();
+    assertEquals("", builder.getOptionalCord());
+    assertEquals("hi", messageAfterBuild.getOptionalCord());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalCordBytes(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("no"));
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getOptionalCordBytes());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("no"), builder.getOptionalCordBytes());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("no"), messageAfterBuild.getOptionalCordBytes());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getOptionalCordBytes());
+    builder.clearOptionalCord();
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, builder.getOptionalCordBytes());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("no"), messageAfterBuild.getOptionalCordBytes());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalDouble(1);
+    assertEquals(0D, message.getOptionalDouble(), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(1D, builder.getOptionalDouble(), 0.0);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1D, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalDouble(), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(0D, message.getOptionalDouble(), 0.0);
+    builder.clearOptionalDouble();
+    assertEquals(0D, builder.getOptionalDouble(), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(1D, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalDouble(), 0.0);
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalFixed32(1);
+    assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalFixed32());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getOptionalFixed32());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalFixed32());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalFixed32());
+    builder.clearOptionalFixed32();
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getOptionalFixed32());
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalFixed32());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalFixed64(1);
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getOptionalFixed64());
+    assertEquals(1L, builder.getOptionalFixed64());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalFixed64());
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getOptionalFixed64());
+    builder.clearOptionalFixed64();
+    assertEquals(0L, builder.getOptionalFixed64());
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalFixed64());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalFloat(1);
+    assertEquals(0F, message.getOptionalFloat(), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(1F, builder.getOptionalFloat(), 0.0f);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1F, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalFloat(), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(0F, message.getOptionalFloat(), 0.0f);
+    builder.clearOptionalFloat();
+    assertEquals(0F, builder.getOptionalFloat(), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(1F, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalFloat(), 0.0f);
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalForeignEnum(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR);
+    assertEquals(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_FOO, message.getOptionalForeignEnum());
+    assertEquals(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR, builder.getOptionalForeignEnum());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalForeignEnum());
+    assertEquals(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_FOO, message.getOptionalForeignEnum());
+    builder.clearOptionalForeignEnum();
+    assertEquals(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_FOO, builder.getOptionalForeignEnum());
+    assertEquals(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalForeignEnum());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    ForeignMessageLite foreignMessage = ForeignMessageLite.newBuilder().setC(1).build();
+    builder.setOptionalForeignMessage(foreignMessage);
+    assertEquals(ForeignMessageLite.getDefaultInstance(), message.getOptionalForeignMessage());
+    assertEquals(foreignMessage, builder.getOptionalForeignMessage());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(foreignMessage, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalForeignMessage());
+    assertEquals(ForeignMessageLite.getDefaultInstance(), message.getOptionalForeignMessage());
+    builder.clearOptionalForeignMessage();
+    assertEquals(ForeignMessageLite.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getOptionalForeignMessage());
+    assertEquals(foreignMessage, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalForeignMessage());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    ForeignMessageLite foreignMessageC3 = ForeignMessageLite.newBuilder().setC(3).build();
+    builder.setOptionalForeignMessage(foreignMessageC3);
+    assertEquals(ForeignMessageLite.getDefaultInstance(), message.getOptionalForeignMessage());
+    assertEquals(foreignMessageC3, builder.getOptionalForeignMessage());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(foreignMessageC3, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalForeignMessage());
+    assertEquals(ForeignMessageLite.getDefaultInstance(), message.getOptionalForeignMessage());
+    builder.clearOptionalForeignMessage();
+    assertEquals(ForeignMessageLite.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getOptionalForeignMessage());
+    assertEquals(foreignMessageC3, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalForeignMessage());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    OptionalGroup optionalGroup = OptionalGroup.newBuilder().setA(1).build();
+    builder.setOptionalGroup(optionalGroup);
+    assertEquals(OptionalGroup.getDefaultInstance(), message.getOptionalGroup());
+    assertEquals(optionalGroup, builder.getOptionalGroup());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(optionalGroup, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalGroup());
+    assertEquals(OptionalGroup.getDefaultInstance(), message.getOptionalGroup());
+    builder.clearOptionalGroup();
+    assertEquals(OptionalGroup.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getOptionalGroup());
+    assertEquals(optionalGroup, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalGroup());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    OptionalGroup.Builder optionalGroupBuilder = OptionalGroup.newBuilder().setA(3);
+    builder.setOptionalGroup(optionalGroupBuilder);
+    assertEquals(OptionalGroup.getDefaultInstance(), message.getOptionalGroup());
+    assertEquals(optionalGroupBuilder.build(), builder.getOptionalGroup());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(optionalGroupBuilder.build(), messageAfterBuild.getOptionalGroup());
+    assertEquals(OptionalGroup.getDefaultInstance(), message.getOptionalGroup());
+    builder.clearOptionalGroup();
+    assertEquals(OptionalGroup.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getOptionalGroup());
+    assertEquals(optionalGroupBuilder.build(), messageAfterBuild.getOptionalGroup());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalInt32(1);
+    assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getOptionalInt32());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalInt32());
+    builder.clearOptionalInt32();
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalInt32());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalInt64(1);
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getOptionalInt64());
+    assertEquals(1L, builder.getOptionalInt64());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalInt64());
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getOptionalInt64());
+    builder.clearOptionalInt64();
+    assertEquals(0L, builder.getOptionalInt64());
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalInt64());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    NestedMessage nestedMessage = NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(1).build();
+    builder.setOptionalLazyMessage(nestedMessage);
+    assertEquals(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance(), message.getOptionalLazyMessage());
+    assertEquals(nestedMessage, builder.getOptionalLazyMessage());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(nestedMessage, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalLazyMessage());
+    assertEquals(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance(), message.getOptionalLazyMessage());
+    builder.clearOptionalLazyMessage();
+    assertEquals(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getOptionalLazyMessage());
+    assertEquals(nestedMessage, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalLazyMessage());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    NestedMessage.Builder nestedMessageBuilder = NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(3);
+    builder.setOptionalLazyMessage(nestedMessageBuilder);
+    assertEquals(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance(), message.getOptionalLazyMessage());
+    assertEquals(nestedMessageBuilder.build(), builder.getOptionalLazyMessage());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(nestedMessageBuilder.build(), messageAfterBuild.getOptionalLazyMessage());
+    assertEquals(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance(), message.getOptionalLazyMessage());
+    builder.clearOptionalLazyMessage();
+    assertEquals(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getOptionalLazyMessage());
+    assertEquals(nestedMessageBuilder.build(), messageAfterBuild.getOptionalLazyMessage());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalSfixed32(1);
+    assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalSfixed32());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getOptionalSfixed32());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalSfixed32());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalSfixed32());
+    builder.clearOptionalSfixed32();
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getOptionalSfixed32());
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalSfixed32());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalSfixed64(1);
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    assertEquals(1L, builder.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    builder.clearOptionalSfixed64();
+    assertEquals(0L, builder.getOptionalSfixed64());
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalSfixed64());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalSint32(1);
+    assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalSint32());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getOptionalSint32());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalSint32());
+    builder.clearOptionalSint32();
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getOptionalSint32());
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalSint32());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalSint64(1);
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getOptionalSint64());
+    assertEquals(1L, builder.getOptionalSint64());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalSint64());
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getOptionalSint64());
+    builder.clearOptionalSint64();
+    assertEquals(0L, builder.getOptionalSint64());
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalSint64());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalString("hi");
+    assertEquals("", message.getOptionalString());
+    assertEquals("hi", builder.getOptionalString());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals("hi", messageAfterBuild.getOptionalString());
+    assertEquals("", message.getOptionalString());
+    builder.clearOptionalString();
+    assertEquals("", builder.getOptionalString());
+    assertEquals("hi", messageAfterBuild.getOptionalString());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalStringBytes(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("no"));
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getOptionalStringBytes());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("no"), builder.getOptionalStringBytes());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("no"), messageAfterBuild.getOptionalStringBytes());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getOptionalStringBytes());
+    builder.clearOptionalString();
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, builder.getOptionalStringBytes());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("no"), messageAfterBuild.getOptionalStringBytes());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalStringPiece("hi");
+    assertEquals("", message.getOptionalStringPiece());
+    assertEquals("hi", builder.getOptionalStringPiece());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals("hi", messageAfterBuild.getOptionalStringPiece());
+    assertEquals("", message.getOptionalStringPiece());
+    builder.clearOptionalStringPiece();
+    assertEquals("", builder.getOptionalStringPiece());
+    assertEquals("hi", messageAfterBuild.getOptionalStringPiece());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalStringPieceBytes(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("no"));
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getOptionalStringPieceBytes());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("no"), builder.getOptionalStringPieceBytes());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("no"), messageAfterBuild.getOptionalStringPieceBytes());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, message.getOptionalStringPieceBytes());
+    builder.clearOptionalStringPiece();
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, builder.getOptionalStringPieceBytes());
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("no"), messageAfterBuild.getOptionalStringPieceBytes());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalUint32(1);
+    assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalUint32());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getOptionalUint32());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalUint32());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getOptionalUint32());
+    builder.clearOptionalUint32();
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getOptionalUint32());
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalUint32());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOptionalUint64(1);
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getOptionalUint64());
+    assertEquals(1L, builder.getOptionalUint64());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalUint64());
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getOptionalUint64());
+    builder.clearOptionalUint64();
+    assertEquals(0L, builder.getOptionalUint64());
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getOptionalUint64());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedBool(singletonList(true));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedBoolList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(true), builder.getRepeatedBoolList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedBoolList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedBool();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedBoolList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(true), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedBoolList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedBytes(singletonList(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi")));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedBytesList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi")), builder.getRepeatedBytesList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedBytesList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedBytes();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedBytesList());
+    assertEquals(
+        singletonList(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi")), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedBytesList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedCord(singletonList("hi"));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedCordList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList("hi"), builder.getRepeatedCordList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedCordList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedCord();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedCordList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList("hi"), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedCordList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedDouble(singletonList(1D));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedDoubleList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1D), builder.getRepeatedDoubleList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedDoubleList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedDouble();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedDoubleList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1D), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedDoubleList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedFixed32(singletonList(1));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedFixed32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), builder.getRepeatedFixed32List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedFixed32List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedFixed32();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedFixed32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedFixed32List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedFixed64(singletonList(1L));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedFixed64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), builder.getRepeatedFixed64List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedFixed64List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedFixed64();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedFixed64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedFixed64List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedFloat(singletonList(1F));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedFloatList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1F), builder.getRepeatedFloatList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedFloatList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedFloat();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedFloatList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1F), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedFloatList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedForeignEnum(singletonList(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedForeignEnumList());
+    assertEquals(
+        singletonList(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR), builder.getRepeatedForeignEnumList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedForeignEnumList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedForeignEnum();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedForeignEnumList());
+    assertEquals(
+        singletonList(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR),
+        messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedForeignEnumList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedForeignMessage(singletonList(foreignMessage));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(foreignMessage), builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedForeignMessage();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(foreignMessage), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedGroup(singletonList(RepeatedGroup.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedGroupList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(RepeatedGroup.getDefaultInstance()), builder.getRepeatedGroupList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedGroupList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedGroup();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedGroupList());
+    assertEquals(
+        singletonList(RepeatedGroup.getDefaultInstance()),
+        messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedGroupList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedInt32(singletonList(1));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), builder.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedInt32();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedInt32List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedInt64(singletonList(1L));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedInt64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), builder.getRepeatedInt64List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedInt64List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedInt64();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedInt64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedInt64List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedLazyMessage(singletonList(nestedMessage));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedLazyMessageList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(nestedMessage), builder.getRepeatedLazyMessageList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedLazyMessageList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedLazyMessage();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedLazyMessageList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(nestedMessage), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedLazyMessageList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedSfixed32(singletonList(1));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSfixed32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), builder.getRepeatedSfixed32List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSfixed32List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedSfixed32();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedSfixed32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedSfixed32List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedSfixed64(singletonList(1L));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSfixed64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), builder.getRepeatedSfixed64List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSfixed64List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedSfixed64();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedSfixed64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedSfixed64List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedSint32(singletonList(1));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSint32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), builder.getRepeatedSint32List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSint32List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedSint32();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedSint32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedSint32List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedSint64(singletonList(1L));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSint64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), builder.getRepeatedSint64List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSint64List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedSint64();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedSint64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedSint64List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedString(singletonList("hi"));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedStringList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList("hi"), builder.getRepeatedStringList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedStringList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedString();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedStringList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList("hi"), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedStringList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedStringPiece(singletonList("hi"));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedStringPieceList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList("hi"), builder.getRepeatedStringPieceList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedStringPieceList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedStringPiece();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedStringPieceList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList("hi"), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedStringPieceList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedUint32(singletonList(1));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedUint32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), builder.getRepeatedUint32List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedUint32List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedUint32();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedUint32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedUint32List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addAllRepeatedUint64(singletonList(1L));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedUint64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), builder.getRepeatedUint64List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedUint64List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedUint64();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedUint64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedUint64List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedBool(true);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedBoolList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(true), builder.getRepeatedBoolList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedBoolList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedBool();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedBoolList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(true), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedBoolList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedBytes(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi"));
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedBytesList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi")), builder.getRepeatedBytesList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedBytesList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedBytes();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedBytesList());
+    assertEquals(
+        singletonList(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi")), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedBytesList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedCord("hi");
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedCordList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList("hi"), builder.getRepeatedCordList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedCordList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedCord();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedCordList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList("hi"), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedCordList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedDouble(1D);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedDoubleList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1D), builder.getRepeatedDoubleList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedDoubleList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedDouble();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedDoubleList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1D), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedDoubleList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedFixed32(1);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedFixed32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), builder.getRepeatedFixed32List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedFixed32List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedFixed32();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedFixed32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedFixed32List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedFixed64(1L);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedFixed64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), builder.getRepeatedFixed64List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedFixed64List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedFixed64();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedFixed64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedFixed64List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedFloat(1F);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedFloatList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1F), builder.getRepeatedFloatList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedFloatList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedFloat();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedFloatList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1F), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedFloatList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignEnum(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedForeignEnumList());
+    assertEquals(
+        singletonList(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR), builder.getRepeatedForeignEnumList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedForeignEnumList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedForeignEnum();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedForeignEnumList());
+    assertEquals(
+        singletonList(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR),
+        messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedForeignEnumList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(foreignMessage);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(foreignMessage), builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.removeRepeatedForeignMessage(0);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(foreignMessage), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedForeignMessageList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedGroup(RepeatedGroup.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedGroupList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(RepeatedGroup.getDefaultInstance()), builder.getRepeatedGroupList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedGroupList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.removeRepeatedGroup(0);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedGroupList());
+    assertEquals(
+        singletonList(RepeatedGroup.getDefaultInstance()),
+        messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedGroupList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(1);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), builder.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedInt32();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedInt32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedInt32List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedInt64(1L);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedInt64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), builder.getRepeatedInt64List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedInt64List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedInt64();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedInt64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedInt64List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedLazyMessage(nestedMessage);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedLazyMessageList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(nestedMessage), builder.getRepeatedLazyMessageList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedLazyMessageList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.removeRepeatedLazyMessage(0);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedLazyMessageList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(nestedMessage), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedLazyMessageList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedSfixed32(1);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSfixed32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), builder.getRepeatedSfixed32List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSfixed32List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedSfixed32();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedSfixed32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedSfixed32List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedSfixed64(1L);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSfixed64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), builder.getRepeatedSfixed64List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSfixed64List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedSfixed64();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedSfixed64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedSfixed64List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedSint32(1);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSint32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), builder.getRepeatedSint32List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSint32List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedSint32();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedSint32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedSint32List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedSint64(1L);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSint64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), builder.getRepeatedSint64List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedSint64List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedSint64();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedSint64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedSint64List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedString("hi");
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedStringList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList("hi"), builder.getRepeatedStringList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedStringList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedString();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedStringList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList("hi"), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedStringList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedStringPiece("hi");
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedStringPieceList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList("hi"), builder.getRepeatedStringPieceList());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedStringPieceList());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedStringPiece();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedStringPieceList());
+    assertEquals(singletonList("hi"), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedStringPieceList());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedUint32(1);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedUint32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), builder.getRepeatedUint32List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedUint32List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedUint32();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedUint32List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedUint32List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedUint64(1L);
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedUint64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), builder.getRepeatedUint64List());
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), message.getRepeatedUint64List());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    builder.clearRepeatedUint64();
+    assertEquals(emptyList(), builder.getRepeatedUint64List());
+    assertEquals(singletonList(1L), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedUint64List());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedBool(true);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedBoolCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedBool(0, false);
+    assertEquals(true, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedBool(0));
+    assertEquals(false, builder.getRepeatedBool(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedBool();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedBytes(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi"));
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedBytesCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedBytes(0, ByteString.EMPTY);
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi"), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedBytes(0));
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, builder.getRepeatedBytes(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedBytes();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedCord("hi");
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedCordCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedCord(0, "");
+    assertEquals("hi", messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedCord(0));
+    assertEquals("", builder.getRepeatedCord(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedCord();
+    message = builder.build();
+
+    builder.addRepeatedCordBytes(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi"));
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedCordCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedCord(0, "");
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi"), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedCordBytes(0));
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, builder.getRepeatedCordBytes(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedCord();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedDouble(1D);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedDoubleCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedDouble(0, 0D);
+    assertEquals(1D, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedDouble(0), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(0D, builder.getRepeatedDouble(0), 0.0);
+    builder.clearRepeatedDouble();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedFixed32(1);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFixed32Count());
+    builder.setRepeatedFixed32(0, 0);
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedFixed32(0));
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedFixed32(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedFixed32();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedFixed64(1L);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFixed64Count());
+    builder.setRepeatedFixed64(0, 0L);
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedFixed64(0));
+    assertEquals(0L, builder.getRepeatedFixed64(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedFixed64();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedFloat(1F);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedFloatCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedFloat(0, 0F);
+    assertEquals(1F, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedFloat(0), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(0F, builder.getRepeatedFloat(0), 0.0f);
+    builder.clearRepeatedFloat();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignEnum(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedForeignEnumCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedForeignEnum(0, ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_FOO);
+    assertEquals(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedForeignEnum(0));
+    assertEquals(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_FOO, builder.getRepeatedForeignEnum(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedForeignEnum();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(foreignMessage);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedForeignMessageCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedForeignMessage(0, ForeignMessageLite.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(foreignMessage, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0));
+    assertEquals(ForeignMessageLite.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedForeignMessage();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(foreignMessageC3);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedForeignMessageCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedForeignMessage(0, ForeignMessageLite.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(foreignMessageC3, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0));
+    assertEquals(ForeignMessageLite.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedForeignMessage();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedForeignMessage(0, foreignMessage);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedForeignMessageCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedForeignMessage(0, foreignMessageC3);
+    assertEquals(foreignMessage, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0));
+    assertEquals(foreignMessageC3, builder.getRepeatedForeignMessage(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedForeignMessage();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    RepeatedGroup repeatedGroup = RepeatedGroup.newBuilder().setA(1).build();
+    builder.addRepeatedGroup(repeatedGroup);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedGroupCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedGroup(0, RepeatedGroup.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(repeatedGroup, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedGroup(0));
+    assertEquals(RepeatedGroup.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getRepeatedGroup(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedGroup();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedGroup(0, repeatedGroup);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedGroupCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedGroup(0, RepeatedGroup.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(repeatedGroup, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedGroup(0));
+    assertEquals(RepeatedGroup.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getRepeatedGroup(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedGroup();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    RepeatedGroup.Builder repeatedGroupBuilder = RepeatedGroup.newBuilder().setA(3);
+    builder.addRepeatedGroup(repeatedGroupBuilder);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedGroupCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedGroup(0, RepeatedGroup.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(repeatedGroupBuilder.build(), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedGroup(0));
+    assertEquals(RepeatedGroup.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getRepeatedGroup(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedGroup();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedGroup(0, repeatedGroupBuilder);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedGroupCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedGroup(0, RepeatedGroup.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(repeatedGroupBuilder.build(), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedGroup(0));
+    assertEquals(RepeatedGroup.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getRepeatedGroup(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedGroup();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(1);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedInt32Count());
+    builder.setRepeatedInt32(0, 0);
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedInt32(0));
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedInt32(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedInt32();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedInt64(1L);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getRepeatedInt64Count());
+    builder.setRepeatedInt64(0, 0L);
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedInt64(0));
+    assertEquals(0L, builder.getRepeatedInt64(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedInt64();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedLazyMessage(nestedMessage);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedLazyMessageCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedLazyMessage(0, NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(nestedMessage, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedLazyMessage(0));
+    assertEquals(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getRepeatedLazyMessage(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedLazyMessage();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedLazyMessage(0, nestedMessage);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedLazyMessageCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedLazyMessage(0, NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(nestedMessage, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedLazyMessage(0));
+    assertEquals(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getRepeatedLazyMessage(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedLazyMessage();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedLazyMessage(nestedMessageBuilder);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedLazyMessageCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedLazyMessage(0, NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(nestedMessageBuilder.build(), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedLazyMessage(0));
+    assertEquals(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getRepeatedLazyMessage(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedLazyMessage();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedLazyMessage(0, nestedMessageBuilder);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedLazyMessageCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedLazyMessage(0, NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+    assertEquals(nestedMessageBuilder.build(), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedLazyMessage(0));
+    assertEquals(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance(), builder.getRepeatedLazyMessage(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedLazyMessage();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedSfixed32(1);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedSfixed32Count());
+    builder.setRepeatedSfixed32(0, 0);
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedSfixed32(0));
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedSfixed32(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedSfixed32();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedSfixed64(1L);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getRepeatedSfixed64Count());
+    builder.setRepeatedSfixed64(0, 0L);
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedSfixed64(0));
+    assertEquals(0L, builder.getRepeatedSfixed64(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedSfixed64();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedSint32(1);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedSint32Count());
+    builder.setRepeatedSint32(0, 0);
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedSint32(0));
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedSint32(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedSint32();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedSint64(1L);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getRepeatedSint64Count());
+    builder.setRepeatedSint64(0, 0L);
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedSint64(0));
+    assertEquals(0L, builder.getRepeatedSint64(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedSint64();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedString("hi");
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getRepeatedStringCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedString(0, "");
+    assertEquals("hi", messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedString(0));
+    assertEquals("", builder.getRepeatedString(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedString();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedStringBytes(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi"));
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getRepeatedStringCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedString(0, "");
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi"), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedStringBytes(0));
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, builder.getRepeatedStringBytes(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedString();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedStringPiece("hi");
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getRepeatedStringPieceCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedStringPiece(0, "");
+    assertEquals("hi", messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedStringPiece(0));
+    assertEquals("", builder.getRepeatedStringPiece(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedStringPiece();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedStringPieceBytes(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi"));
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getRepeatedStringPieceCount());
+    builder.setRepeatedStringPiece(0, "");
+    assertEquals(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi"), messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedStringPieceBytes(0));
+    assertEquals(ByteString.EMPTY, builder.getRepeatedStringPieceBytes(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedStringPiece();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedUint32(1);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getRepeatedUint32Count());
+    builder.setRepeatedUint32(0, 0);
+    assertEquals(1, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedUint32(0));
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedUint32(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedUint32();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.addRepeatedUint64(1L);
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0L, message.getRepeatedUint64Count());
+    builder.setRepeatedUint64(0, 0L);
+    assertEquals(1L, messageAfterBuild.getRepeatedUint64(0));
+    assertEquals(0L, builder.getRepeatedUint64(0));
+    builder.clearRepeatedUint64();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getSerializedSize());
+    builder.mergeFrom(TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalBool(true).build());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(true, builder.build().getOptionalBool());
+    builder.clearOptionalBool();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getSerializedSize());
+    builder.mergeFrom(TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalBool(true).build());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(true, builder.build().getOptionalBool());
+    builder.clear();
+    assertEquals(0, builder.build().getSerializedSize());
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getSerializedSize());
+    builder.mergeOptionalForeignMessage(foreignMessage);
+    assertEquals(0, message.getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(foreignMessage.getC(), builder.build().getOptionalForeignMessage().getC());
+    builder.clearOptionalForeignMessage();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getSerializedSize());
+    builder.mergeOptionalLazyMessage(nestedMessage);
+    assertEquals(0, message.getSerializedSize());
+    assertEquals(nestedMessage.getBb(), builder.build().getOptionalLazyMessage().getBb());
+    builder.clearOptionalLazyMessage();
+
+    message = builder.build();
+    builder.setOneofString("hi");
+    assertEquals(OneofFieldCase.ONEOFFIELD_NOT_SET, message.getOneofFieldCase());
+    assertEquals(OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_STRING, builder.getOneofFieldCase());
+    assertEquals("hi", builder.getOneofString());
+    messageAfterBuild = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_STRING, messageAfterBuild.getOneofFieldCase());
+    assertEquals("hi", messageAfterBuild.getOneofString());
+    builder.setOneofUint32(1);
+    assertEquals(OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_STRING, messageAfterBuild.getOneofFieldCase());
+    assertEquals("hi", messageAfterBuild.getOneofString());
+    assertEquals(OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_UINT32, builder.getOneofFieldCase());
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getOneofUint32());
+    TestAllTypesLiteOrBuilder messageOrBuilder = builder;
+    assertEquals(OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_UINT32, messageOrBuilder.getOneofFieldCase());
+
+    TestAllExtensionsLite.Builder extendableMessageBuilder = TestAllExtensionsLite.newBuilder();
+    TestAllExtensionsLite extendableMessage = extendableMessageBuilder.build();
+    extendableMessageBuilder.setExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite, 1);
+    assertFalse(extendableMessage.hasExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+    extendableMessage = extendableMessageBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals(
+        1, (int) extendableMessageBuilder.getExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEquals(1, (int) extendableMessage.getExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+    extendableMessageBuilder.setExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite, 3);
+    assertEquals(
+        3, (int) extendableMessageBuilder.getExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEquals(1, (int) extendableMessage.getExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+    extendableMessage = extendableMessageBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals(
+        3, (int) extendableMessageBuilder.getExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEquals(3, (int) extendableMessage.getExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+
+    // No extension registry, so it should be in unknown fields.
+    extendableMessage = TestAllExtensionsLite.parseFrom(extendableMessage.toByteArray());
+    assertFalse(extendableMessage.hasExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+
+    extendableMessageBuilder = extendableMessage.toBuilder();
+    extendableMessageBuilder.mergeFrom(
+        TestAllExtensionsLite.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(UnittestLite.optionalFixed32ExtensionLite, 11)
+            .build());
+
+    extendableMessage = extendableMessageBuilder.build();
+    ExtensionRegistryLite registry = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+    UnittestLite.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+    extendableMessage = TestAllExtensionsLite.parseFrom(extendableMessage.toByteArray(), registry);
+
+    // The unknown field was preserved.
+    assertEquals(3, (int) extendableMessage.getExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEquals(
+        11, (int) extendableMessage.getExtension(UnittestLite.optionalFixed32ExtensionLite));
+  }
+
+  public void testBuilderMergeFromNull() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().mergeFrom((TestAllTypesLite) null);
+      fail("Expected exception");
+    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+      // Pass.
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Builder.mergeFrom() should keep existing extensions.
+  public void testBuilderMergeFromWithExtensions() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensionsLite message =
+        TestAllExtensionsLite.newBuilder()
+            .addExtension(UnittestLite.repeatedInt32ExtensionLite, 12)
+            .build();
+
+    ExtensionRegistryLite registry = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+    UnittestLite.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+
+    TestAllExtensionsLite.Builder builder = TestAllExtensionsLite.newBuilder();
+    builder.mergeFrom(message.toByteArray(), registry);
+    builder.mergeFrom(message.toByteArray(), registry);
+    TestAllExtensionsLite result = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(2, result.getExtensionCount(UnittestLite.repeatedInt32ExtensionLite));
+    assertEquals(12, result.getExtension(UnittestLite.repeatedInt32ExtensionLite, 0).intValue());
+    assertEquals(12, result.getExtension(UnittestLite.repeatedInt32ExtensionLite, 1).intValue());
+  }
+
+  // Builder.mergeFrom() should keep existing unknown fields.
+  public void testBuilderMergeFromWithUnknownFields() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite message = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedInt32(1).build();
+
+    NestedMessage.Builder builder = NestedMessage.newBuilder();
+    builder.mergeFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    builder.mergeFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    NestedMessage result = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.getSerializedSize() * 2, result.getSerializedSize());
+  }
+
+  public void testToStringDefaultInstance() throws Exception {
+    assertToStringEquals("", TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance());
+  }
+
+  public void testToStringScalarFieldsSuffixedWithList() throws Exception {
+    assertToStringEquals(
+        "deceptively_named_list: 7",
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDeceptivelyNamedList(7).build());
+  }
+
+  public void testToStringPrimitives() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite proto =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalInt32(1)
+            .setOptionalInt64(9223372036854775807L)
+            .build();
+    assertToStringEquals("optional_int32: 1\noptional_int64: 9223372036854775807", proto);
+
+    proto =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalBool(true)
+            .setOptionalNestedEnum(NestedEnum.BAZ)
+            .build();
+    assertToStringEquals(
+        "optional_bool: true\noptional_nested_enum: " + NestedEnum.BAZ.toString(), proto);
+
+    proto = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalFloat(2.72f).setOptionalDouble(3.14).build();
+    assertToStringEquals("optional_double: 3.14\noptional_float: 2.72", proto);
+  }
+
+
+  public void testToStringStringFields() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite proto =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalString("foo\"bar\nbaz\\").build();
+    assertToStringEquals("optional_string: \"foo\\\"bar\\nbaz\\\\\"", proto);
+
+    proto = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalString("\u6587").build();
+    assertToStringEquals("optional_string: \"\\346\\226\\207\"", proto);
+  }
+
+  public void testToStringNestedMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite proto =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalNestedMessage(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+            .build();
+    assertToStringEquals("optional_nested_message {\n}", proto);
+
+    proto =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalNestedMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(7))
+            .build();
+    assertToStringEquals("optional_nested_message {\n  bb: 7\n}", proto);
+  }
+
+  public void testToStringRepeatedFields() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite proto =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .addRepeatedInt32(32)
+            .addRepeatedInt32(32)
+            .addRepeatedInt64(64)
+            .build();
+    assertToStringEquals("repeated_int32: 32\nrepeated_int32: 32\nrepeated_int64: 64", proto);
+
+    proto =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .addRepeatedLazyMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(7))
+            .addRepeatedLazyMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(8))
+            .build();
+    assertToStringEquals(
+        "repeated_lazy_message {\n  bb: 7\n}\nrepeated_lazy_message {\n  bb: 8\n}", proto);
+  }
+
+  public void testToStringForeignFields() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite proto =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalForeignEnum(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR)
+            .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessageLite.newBuilder().setC(3))
+            .build();
+    assertToStringEquals(
+        "optional_foreign_enum: "
+            + ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR
+            + "\noptional_foreign_message {\n  c: 3\n}",
+        proto);
+  }
+
+  public void testToStringExtensions() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensionsLite message =
+        TestAllExtensionsLite.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite, 123)
+            .addExtension(UnittestLite.repeatedStringExtensionLite, "spam")
+            .addExtension(UnittestLite.repeatedStringExtensionLite, "eggs")
+            .setExtension(UnittestLite.optionalNestedEnumExtensionLite, NestedEnum.BAZ)
+            .setExtension(
+                UnittestLite.optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite,
+                NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(7).build())
+            .build();
+    assertToStringEquals(
+        "[1]: 123\n[18] {\n  bb: 7\n}\n[21]: 3\n[44]: \"spam\"\n[44]: \"eggs\"", message);
+  }
+
+  public void testToStringUnknownFields() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensionsLite messageWithExtensions =
+        TestAllExtensionsLite.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite, 123)
+            .addExtension(UnittestLite.repeatedStringExtensionLite, "spam")
+            .addExtension(UnittestLite.repeatedStringExtensionLite, "eggs")
+            .setExtension(UnittestLite.optionalNestedEnumExtensionLite, NestedEnum.BAZ)
+            .setExtension(
+                UnittestLite.optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite,
+                NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(7).build())
+            .build();
+    TestAllExtensionsLite messageWithUnknownFields =
+        TestAllExtensionsLite.parseFrom(messageWithExtensions.toByteArray());
+    assertToStringEquals(
+        "1: 123\n18: \"\\b\\a\"\n21: 3\n44: \"spam\"\n44: \"eggs\"", messageWithUnknownFields);
+  }
+
+  public void testToStringLazyMessage() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite message =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalLazyMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(1).build())
+            .build();
+    assertToStringEquals("optional_lazy_message {\n  bb: 1\n}", message);
+  }
+
+  public void testToStringGroup() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite message =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalGroup(OptionalGroup.newBuilder().setA(1).build())
+            .build();
+    assertToStringEquals("optional_group {\n  a: 1\n}", message);
+  }
+
+  public void testToStringOneof() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite message = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOneofString("hello").build();
+    assertToStringEquals("oneof_string: \"hello\"", message);
+  }
+
+  public void testToStringMapFields() throws Exception {
+    TestMap message1 =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToStringField(1, "alpha")
+            .putInt32ToStringField(2, "beta")
+            .build();
+    assertToStringEquals(
+        "int32_to_string_field {\n"
+            + "  key: 1\n"
+            + "  value: \"alpha\"\n"
+            + "}\n"
+            + "int32_to_string_field {\n"
+            + "  key: 2\n"
+            + "  value: \"beta\"\n"
+            + "}",
+        message1);
+
+    TestMap message2 =
+        TestMap.newBuilder()
+            .putInt32ToMessageField(1, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(10).build())
+            .putInt32ToMessageField(2, MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(20).build())
+            .build();
+    assertToStringEquals(
+        "int32_to_message_field {\n"
+            + "  key: 1\n"
+            + "  value {\n"
+            + "    value: 10\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}\n"
+            + "int32_to_message_field {\n"
+            + "  key: 2\n"
+            + "  value {\n"
+            + "    value: 20\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}",
+        message2);
+  }
+
+  // Asserts that the toString() representation of the message matches the expected. This verifies
+  // the first line starts with a comment; but, does not factor in said comment as part of the
+  // comparison as it contains unstable addresses.
+  private static void assertToStringEquals(String expected, MessageLite message) {
+    String toString = message.toString();
+    assertEquals('#', toString.charAt(0));
+    if (toString.contains("\n")) {
+      toString = toString.substring(toString.indexOf("\n") + 1);
+    } else {
+      toString = "";
+    }
+    assertEquals(expected, toString);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseLazy() throws Exception {
+    ByteString bb =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalLazyMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(11).build())
+            .build()
+            .toByteString();
+    ByteString cc =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalLazyMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setCc(22).build())
+            .build()
+            .toByteString();
+
+    ByteString concat = bb.concat(cc);
+    TestAllTypesLite message = TestAllTypesLite.parseFrom(concat);
+
+    assertEquals(11, message.getOptionalLazyMessage().getBb());
+    assertEquals(22L, message.getOptionalLazyMessage().getCc());
+  }
+
+  public void testParseLazy_oneOf() throws Exception {
+    ByteString bb =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOneofLazyNestedMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(11).build())
+            .build()
+            .toByteString();
+    ByteString cc =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOneofLazyNestedMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setCc(22).build())
+            .build()
+            .toByteString();
+
+    ByteString concat = bb.concat(cc);
+    TestAllTypesLite message = TestAllTypesLite.parseFrom(concat);
+
+    assertEquals(11, message.getOneofLazyNestedMessage().getBb());
+    assertEquals(22L, message.getOneofLazyNestedMessage().getCc());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeFromStream_repeatedField() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite.Builder builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedString("hello");
+    builder.mergeFrom(CodedInputStream.newInstance(builder.build().toByteArray()));
+
+    assertEquals(2, builder.getRepeatedStringCount());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeFromStream_invalidBytes() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite.Builder builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultBool(true);
+    try {
+      builder.mergeFrom(CodedInputStream.newInstance("Invalid bytes".getBytes(Internal.UTF_8)));
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeFrom_sanity() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite one = TestUtilLite.getAllLiteSetBuilder().build();
+    byte[] bytes = one.toByteArray();
+    TestAllTypesLite two = TestAllTypesLite.parseFrom(bytes);
+
+    one = one.toBuilder().mergeFrom(one).build();
+    two = two.toBuilder().mergeFrom(bytes).build();
+    assertEquals(one, two);
+    assertEquals(two, one);
+    assertEquals(one.hashCode(), two.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeFromNoLazyFieldSharing() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite.Builder sourceBuilder =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalLazyMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(1));
+    TestAllTypesLite.Builder targetBuilder =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().mergeFrom(sourceBuilder.build());
+    assertEquals(1, sourceBuilder.getOptionalLazyMessage().getBb());
+    // now change the sourceBuilder, and target value shouldn't be affected.
+    sourceBuilder.setOptionalLazyMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(2));
+    assertEquals(1, targetBuilder.getOptionalLazyMessage().getBb());
+  }
+
+  public void testEquals_notEqual() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite one = TestUtilLite.getAllLiteSetBuilder().build();
+    byte[] bytes = one.toByteArray();
+    TestAllTypesLite two = one.toBuilder().mergeFrom(one).mergeFrom(bytes).build();
+
+    assertFalse(one.equals(two));
+    assertFalse(two.equals(one));
+
+    assertFalse(one.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(one));
+
+    TestAllTypesLite oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultBool(true).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultCord("").build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultCordBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultDouble(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultFixed32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultFixed64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultFloat(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setDefaultForeignEnum(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR)
+            .build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultImportEnum(ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_BAR).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultInt32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultInt64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultNestedEnum(NestedEnum.BAR).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultSfixed32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultSfixed64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultSint32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultSint64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultString("").build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultStringBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultStringPiece("").build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultStringPieceBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultUint32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setDefaultUint64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedBool(true).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedCord("").build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedCordBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedDouble(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedFixed32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedFixed64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedFloat(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .addRepeatedForeignEnum(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR)
+            .build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedImportEnum(ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_BAR).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedInt32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedInt64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedNestedEnum(NestedEnum.BAR).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedSfixed32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedSfixed64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedSint32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedSint64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedString("").build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedStringBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedStringPiece("").build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedStringPieceBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedUint32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().addRepeatedUint64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalBool(true).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalCord("").build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalCordBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalDouble(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalFixed32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalFixed64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalFloat(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalForeignEnum(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_BAR)
+            .build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalImportEnum(ImportEnumLite.IMPORT_LITE_BAR).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalInt64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalNestedEnum(NestedEnum.BAR).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalSfixed32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalSfixed64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalSint32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalSint64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalString("").build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalStringBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalStringPiece("").build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalStringPieceBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalUint32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalUint64(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOneofBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOneofLazyNestedMessage(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+            .build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOneofNestedMessage(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+            .build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOneofString("").build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOneofStringBytes(ByteString.EMPTY).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOneofUint32(0).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalForeignMessage(ForeignMessageLite.getDefaultInstance())
+            .build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalGroup(OptionalGroup.getDefaultInstance()).build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalPublicImportMessage(PublicImportMessageLite.getDefaultInstance())
+            .build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalLazyMessage(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+            .build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+    oneFieldSet =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .addRepeatedLazyMessage(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+            .build();
+    assertFalse(oneFieldSet.equals(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance()));
+    assertFalse(TestAllTypesLite.getDefaultInstance().equals(oneFieldSet));
+  }
+
+  public void testEquals() throws Exception {
+    // Check that two identical objs are equal.
+    Foo foo1a = Foo.newBuilder().setValue(1).addBar(Bar.newBuilder().setName("foo1")).build();
+    Foo foo1b = Foo.newBuilder().setValue(1).addBar(Bar.newBuilder().setName("foo1")).build();
+    Foo foo2 = Foo.newBuilder().setValue(1).addBar(Bar.newBuilder().setName("foo2")).build();
+
+    // Check that equals is doing value rather than object equality.
+    assertEquals(foo1a, foo1b);
+    assertEquals(foo1a.hashCode(), foo1b.hashCode());
+
+    // Check that a diffeent object is not equal.
+    assertFalse(foo1a.equals(foo2));
+
+    // Check that two objects which have different types but the same field values are not
+    // considered to be equal.
+    Bar bar = Bar.newBuilder().setName("bar").build();
+    BarPrime barPrime = BarPrime.newBuilder().setName("bar").build();
+    assertFalse(bar.equals(barPrime));
+  }
+
+  public void testEqualsAndHashCodeForTrickySchemaTypes() {
+    Foo foo1 = Foo.getDefaultInstance();
+    Foo foo2 = Foo.newBuilder().setSint64(1).build();
+    Foo foo3 = Foo.newBuilder().putMyMap("key", "value2").build();
+    Foo foo4 = Foo.newBuilder().setMyGroup(Foo.MyGroup.newBuilder().setValue(4).build()).build();
+
+    assertEqualsAndHashCodeAreFalse(foo1, foo2);
+    assertEqualsAndHashCodeAreFalse(foo1, foo3);
+    assertEqualsAndHashCodeAreFalse(foo1, foo4);
+  }
+
+  public void testOneofEquals() throws Exception {
+    TestOneofEquals.Builder builder = TestOneofEquals.newBuilder();
+    TestOneofEquals message1 = builder.build();
+    // Set message2's name field to default value. The two messages should be different when we
+    // check with the oneof case.
+    builder.setName("");
+    TestOneofEquals message2 = builder.build();
+    assertFalse(message1.equals(message2));
+  }
+
+  public void testEquals_sanity() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite one = TestUtilLite.getAllLiteSetBuilder().build();
+    TestAllTypesLite two = TestAllTypesLite.parseFrom(one.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(one, two);
+    assertEquals(one.hashCode(), two.hashCode());
+
+    assertEquals(
+        one.toBuilder().mergeFrom(two).build(),
+        two.toBuilder().mergeFrom(two.toByteArray()).build());
+  }
+
+  public void testEqualsAndHashCodeWithUnknownFields() throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    Foo fooWithOnlyValue = Foo.newBuilder().setValue(1).build();
+
+    Foo fooWithValueAndExtension =
+        fooWithOnlyValue
+            .toBuilder()
+            .setValue(1)
+            .setExtension(Bar.fooExt, Bar.newBuilder().setName("name").build())
+            .build();
+
+    Foo fooWithValueAndUnknownFields = Foo.parseFrom(fooWithValueAndExtension.toByteArray());
+
+    assertEqualsAndHashCodeAreFalse(fooWithOnlyValue, fooWithValueAndUnknownFields);
+    assertEqualsAndHashCodeAreFalse(fooWithValueAndExtension, fooWithValueAndUnknownFields);
+  }
+
+  public void testEqualsAndHashCodeWithExtensions() throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    Foo fooWithOnlyValue = Foo.newBuilder().setValue(1).build();
+
+    Foo fooWithValueAndExtension =
+        fooWithOnlyValue
+            .toBuilder()
+            .setValue(1)
+            .setExtension(Bar.fooExt, Bar.newBuilder().setName("name").build())
+            .build();
+
+    assertEqualsAndHashCodeAreFalse(fooWithOnlyValue, fooWithValueAndExtension);
+  }
+
+  // Test to ensure we avoid a class cast exception with oneofs.
+  public void testEquals_oneOfMessages() {
+    TestAllTypesLite mine = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOneofString("Hello").build();
+
+    TestAllTypesLite other =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOneofNestedMessage(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance())
+            .build();
+
+    assertFalse(mine.equals(other));
+    assertFalse(other.equals(mine));
+  }
+
+  public void testHugeFieldNumbers() throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    TestHugeFieldNumbersLite message =
+        TestHugeFieldNumbersLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalInt32(1)
+            .addRepeatedInt32(2)
+            .setOptionalEnum(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_FOO)
+            .setOptionalString("xyz")
+            .setOptionalMessage(ForeignMessageLite.newBuilder().setC(3).build())
+            .build();
+
+    TestHugeFieldNumbersLite parsedMessage =
+        TestHugeFieldNumbersLite.parseFrom(message.toByteArray());
+    assertEquals(1, parsedMessage.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(2, parsedMessage.getRepeatedInt32(0));
+    assertEquals(ForeignEnumLite.FOREIGN_LITE_FOO, parsedMessage.getOptionalEnum());
+    assertEquals("xyz", parsedMessage.getOptionalString());
+    assertEquals(3, parsedMessage.getOptionalMessage().getC());
+  }
+
+  private void assertEqualsAndHashCodeAreFalse(Object o1, Object o2) {
+    assertFalse(o1.equals(o2));
+    assertFalse(o1.hashCode() == o2.hashCode());
+  }
+
+  public void testRecursiveHashcode() {
+    // This tests that we don't infinite loop.
+    TestRecursiveOneof.getDefaultInstance().hashCode();
+  }
+
+  public void testParseFromByteBuffer() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypesLite message =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalInt32(123)
+            .addRepeatedString("hello")
+            .setOptionalNestedMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(7))
+            .build();
+
+    TestAllTypesLite copy =
+        TestAllTypesLite.parseFrom(message.toByteString().asReadOnlyByteBuffer());
+
+    assertEquals(message, copy);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseFromByteBufferThrows() {
+    try {
+      TestAllTypesLite.parseFrom(ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] {0x5}));
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+
+    TestAllTypesLite message =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(123).addRepeatedString("hello").build();
+
+    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(message.toByteArray(), 0, message.getSerializedSize() - 1);
+    try {
+      TestAllTypesLite.parseFrom(buffer);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+      assertEquals(
+          TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(123).build(),
+          expected.getUnfinishedMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParseFromByteBuffer_extensions() throws Exception {
+    TestAllExtensionsLite message =
+        TestAllExtensionsLite.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite, 123)
+            .addExtension(UnittestLite.repeatedStringExtensionLite, "hello")
+            .setExtension(UnittestLite.optionalNestedEnumExtensionLite, NestedEnum.BAZ)
+            .setExtension(
+                UnittestLite.optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite,
+                NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(7).build())
+            .build();
+
+    ExtensionRegistryLite registry = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+    UnittestLite.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+
+    TestAllExtensionsLite copy =
+        TestAllExtensionsLite.parseFrom(message.toByteString().asReadOnlyByteBuffer(), registry);
+
+    assertEquals(message, copy);
+  }
+
+  public void testParseFromByteBufferThrows_extensions() {
+    ExtensionRegistryLite registry = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance();
+    UnittestLite.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+    try {
+      TestAllExtensionsLite.parseFrom(ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] {0x5}), registry);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+    }
+
+    TestAllExtensionsLite message =
+        TestAllExtensionsLite.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite, 123)
+            .addExtension(UnittestLite.repeatedStringExtensionLite, "hello")
+            .build();
+
+    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(message.toByteArray(), 0, message.getSerializedSize() - 1);
+    try {
+      TestAllExtensionsLite.parseFrom(buffer, registry);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
+      assertEquals(
+          TestAllExtensionsLite.newBuilder()
+              .setExtension(UnittestLite.optionalInt32ExtensionLite, 123)
+              .build(),
+          expected.getUnfinishedMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Make sure we haven't screwed up the code generation for packing fields by default.
+  public void testPackedSerialization() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(4321);
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    CodedInputStream in = CodedInputStream.newInstance(message.toByteArray());
+
+    while (!in.isAtEnd()) {
+      int tag = in.readTag();
+      assertEquals(WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag));
+      in.skipField(tag);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testAddAllIteratesOnce() {
+    TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+        .addAllRepeatedBool(new OneTimeIterableList<>(false))
+        .addAllRepeatedInt32(new OneTimeIterableList<>(0))
+        .addAllRepeatedInt64(new OneTimeIterableList<>(0L))
+        .addAllRepeatedFloat(new OneTimeIterableList<>(0f))
+        .addAllRepeatedDouble(new OneTimeIterableList<>(0d))
+        .addAllRepeatedBytes(new OneTimeIterableList<>(ByteString.EMPTY))
+        .addAllRepeatedString(new OneTimeIterableList<>(""))
+        .addAllRepeatedNestedMessage(new OneTimeIterableList<>(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance()))
+        .addAllRepeatedBool(new OneTimeIterable<>(false))
+        .addAllRepeatedInt32(new OneTimeIterable<>(0))
+        .addAllRepeatedInt64(new OneTimeIterable<>(0L))
+        .addAllRepeatedFloat(new OneTimeIterable<>(0f))
+        .addAllRepeatedDouble(new OneTimeIterable<>(0d))
+        .addAllRepeatedBytes(new OneTimeIterable<>(ByteString.EMPTY))
+        .addAllRepeatedString(new OneTimeIterable<>(""))
+        .addAllRepeatedNestedMessage(new OneTimeIterable<>(NestedMessage.getDefaultInstance()))
+        .build();
+  }
+
+  public void testAddAllIteratesOnce_throwsOnNull() {
+    TestAllTypesLite.Builder builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      builder.addAllRepeatedBool(new OneTimeIterableList<>(true, false, null));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertEquals("Element at index 2 is null.", expected.getMessage());
+      assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedBoolCount());
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder.addAllRepeatedBool(new OneTimeIterable<>(true, false, null));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertEquals("Element at index 2 is null.", expected.getMessage());
+      assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedBoolCount());
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder();
+      builder.addAllRepeatedBool(new OneTimeIterableList<>((Boolean) null));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertEquals("Element at index 0 is null.", expected.getMessage());
+      assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedBoolCount());
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder();
+      builder.addAllRepeatedInt32(new OneTimeIterableList<>((Integer) null));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertEquals("Element at index 0 is null.", expected.getMessage());
+      assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedInt32Count());
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder();
+      builder.addAllRepeatedInt64(new OneTimeIterableList<>((Long) null));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertEquals("Element at index 0 is null.", expected.getMessage());
+      assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedInt64Count());
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder();
+      builder.addAllRepeatedFloat(new OneTimeIterableList<>((Float) null));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertEquals("Element at index 0 is null.", expected.getMessage());
+      assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedFloatCount());
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder();
+      builder.addAllRepeatedDouble(new OneTimeIterableList<>((Double) null));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertEquals("Element at index 0 is null.", expected.getMessage());
+      assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedDoubleCount());
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder();
+      builder.addAllRepeatedBytes(new OneTimeIterableList<>((ByteString) null));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertEquals("Element at index 0 is null.", expected.getMessage());
+      assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedBytesCount());
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder();
+      builder.addAllRepeatedString(new OneTimeIterableList<>("", "", null, ""));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertEquals("Element at index 2 is null.", expected.getMessage());
+      assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedStringCount());
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder();
+      builder.addAllRepeatedString(new OneTimeIterable<>("", "", null, ""));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertEquals("Element at index 2 is null.", expected.getMessage());
+      assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedStringCount());
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder();
+      builder.addAllRepeatedString(new OneTimeIterableList<>((String) null));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertEquals("Element at index 0 is null.", expected.getMessage());
+      assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedStringCount());
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder();
+      builder.addAllRepeatedNestedMessage(new OneTimeIterableList<>((NestedMessage) null));
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+      assertEquals("Element at index 0 is null.", expected.getMessage());
+      assertEquals(0, builder.getRepeatedNestedMessageCount());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testExtensionRenamesKeywords() {
+    assertTrue(NonNestedExtensionLite.package_ instanceof GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension);
+    assertTrue(
+        NestedExtensionLite.MyNestedExtensionLite.private_
+            instanceof GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension);
+
+    NonNestedExtensionLite.MessageLiteToBeExtended msg =
+        NonNestedExtensionLite.MessageLiteToBeExtended.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(NonNestedExtensionLite.package_, true)
+            .build();
+    assertTrue(msg.getExtension(NonNestedExtensionLite.package_));
+
+    msg =
+        NonNestedExtensionLite.MessageLiteToBeExtended.newBuilder()
+            .setExtension(NestedExtensionLite.MyNestedExtensionLite.private_, 2.4)
+            .build();
+    assertEquals(
+        2.4, msg.getExtension(NestedExtensionLite.MyNestedExtensionLite.private_), 0.001);
+  }
+
+  private static final class OneTimeIterableList<T> extends ArrayList<T> {
+    private boolean wasIterated = false;
+
+    OneTimeIterableList(T... contents) {
+      addAll(Arrays.asList(contents));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<T> iterator() {
+      if (wasIterated) {
+        fail();
+      }
+      wasIterated = true;
+      return super.iterator();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static final class OneTimeIterable<T> implements Iterable<T> {
+    private final List<T> list;
+    private boolean wasIterated = false;
+
+    OneTimeIterable(T... contents) {
+      list = Arrays.asList(contents);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<T> iterator() {
+      if (wasIterated) {
+        fail();
+      }
+      wasIterated = true;
+      return list.iterator();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testNullExtensionRegistry() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TestAllTypesLite.parseFrom(new byte[] {}, null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSerializeToOutputStreamThrowsIOException() {
+    try {
+      TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
+          .setOptionalBytes(ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hello"))
+          .build()
+          .writeTo(
+              new OutputStream() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void write(int b) throws IOException {
+                  throw new IOException();
+                }
+              });
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testUnpairedSurrogatesReplacedByQuestionMark() throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    String testString = "foo \ud83d bar";
+    String expectedString = "foo ? bar";
+
+    TestAllTypesLite testMessage =
+        TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder().setOptionalString(testString).build();
+    ByteString serializedMessage = testMessage.toByteString();
+
+    // Behavior is compatible with String.getBytes("UTF-8"), which replaces
+    // unpaired surrogates with a question mark.
+    TestAllTypesLite parsedMessage = TestAllTypesLite.parseFrom(serializedMessage);
+    assertEquals(expectedString, parsedMessage.getOptionalString());
+
+    // Conversion happens during serialization.
+    ByteString expectedBytes = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(expectedString);
+    assertTrue(
+        String.format(
+            "Expected serializedMessage (%s) to contain \"%s\" (%s).",
+            encodeHex(serializedMessage), expectedString, encodeHex(expectedBytes)),
+        contains(serializedMessage, expectedBytes));
+  }
+
+  private String encodeHex(ByteString bytes) {
+    String hexDigits = "0123456789abcdef";
+    StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(bytes.size() * 2);
+    for (byte b : bytes) {
+      stringBuilder.append(hexDigits.charAt((b & 0xf0) >> 4));
+      stringBuilder.append(hexDigits.charAt(b & 0x0f));
+    }
+    return stringBuilder.toString();
+  }
+
+  private boolean contains(ByteString a, ByteString b) {
+    for (int i = 0; i <= a.size() - b.size(); ++i) {
+      if (a.substring(i, i + b.size()).equals(b)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageLiteInfoFactory.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageLiteInfoFactory.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4a1d89b93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/lite/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/Proto2MessageLiteInfoFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1327 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forFieldWithEnumVerifier;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forMapField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forOneofMemberField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forProto2OptionalField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forProto2RequiredField;
+import static com.google.protobuf.FieldInfo.forRepeatedMessageField;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2EmptyLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLite;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroup49;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroup69;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroupList51;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLite.FieldRequiredGroup88;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLite.RequiredNestedMessage;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLiteWithExtensions;
+import com.google.protobuf.testing.Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+
+/** A factory that generates a hard-coded info for {@link Proto2MessageLite}. */
+public final class Proto2MessageLiteInfoFactory implements MessageInfoFactory {
+  private static final Proto2MessageLiteInfoFactory instanceForRawMessageInfo =
+      new Proto2MessageLiteInfoFactory(true);
+  private static final Proto2MessageLiteInfoFactory instanceForStructuralMessageInfo =
+      new Proto2MessageLiteInfoFactory(false);
+
+  public static Proto2MessageLiteInfoFactory getInstanceForRawMessageInfo() {
+    return instanceForRawMessageInfo;
+  }
+
+  public static Proto2MessageLiteInfoFactory getInstanceForStructuralMessageInfo() {
+    return instanceForStructuralMessageInfo;
+  }
+
+  private final boolean produceRawMessageInfo;
+
+  private Proto2MessageLiteInfoFactory(boolean produceRawMessageInfo) {
+    this.produceRawMessageInfo = produceRawMessageInfo;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isSupported(Class<?> clazz) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageInfo messageInfoFor(Class<?> clazz) {
+    return produceRawMessageInfo ? rawMessageInfoFor(clazz) : structuralMessageInfoFor(clazz);
+  }
+
+  private MessageInfo rawMessageInfoFor(Class<?> clazz) {
+    if (Proto2MessageLite.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newRawMessageInfoForProto2MessageLite();
+    } else {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported class: " + clazz.getName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private MessageInfo newRawMessageInfoForProto2MessageLite() {
+    java.lang.Object[] objects =
+        new java.lang.Object[] {
+          "testOneof_",
+          "testOneofCase_",
+          "bitField0_",
+          "bitField1_",
+          "fieldDouble1_",
+          "fieldFloat2_",
+          "fieldInt643_",
+          "fieldUint644_",
+          "fieldInt325_",
+          "fieldFixed646_",
+          "fieldFixed327_",
+          "fieldBool8_",
+          "fieldString9_",
+          "fieldMessage10_",
+          "fieldBytes11_",
+          "fieldUint3212_",
+          "fieldEnum13_",
+          Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum.internalGetVerifier(),
+          "fieldSfixed3214_",
+          "fieldSfixed6415_",
+          "fieldSint3216_",
+          "fieldSint6417_",
+          "fieldDoubleList18_",
+          "fieldFloatList19_",
+          "fieldInt64List20_",
+          "fieldUint64List21_",
+          "fieldInt32List22_",
+          "fieldFixed64List23_",
+          "fieldFixed32List24_",
+          "fieldBoolList25_",
+          "fieldStringList26_",
+          "fieldMessageList27_",
+          Proto2MessageLite.class,
+          "fieldBytesList28_",
+          "fieldUint32List29_",
+          "fieldEnumList30_",
+          Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum.internalGetVerifier(),
+          "fieldSfixed32List31_",
+          "fieldSfixed64List32_",
+          "fieldSint32List33_",
+          "fieldSint64List34_",
+          "fieldDoubleListPacked35_",
+          "fieldFloatListPacked36_",
+          "fieldInt64ListPacked37_",
+          "fieldUint64ListPacked38_",
+          "fieldInt32ListPacked39_",
+          "fieldFixed64ListPacked40_",
+          "fieldFixed32ListPacked41_",
+          "fieldBoolListPacked42_",
+          "fieldUint32ListPacked43_",
+          "fieldEnumListPacked44_",
+          Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum.internalGetVerifier(),
+          "fieldSfixed32ListPacked45_",
+          "fieldSfixed64ListPacked46_",
+          "fieldSint32ListPacked47_",
+          "fieldSint64ListPacked48_",
+          "fieldGroup49_",
+          "fieldGroupList51_",
+          Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroupList51.class,
+          Proto2MessageLite.class,
+          Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroup69.class,
+          "fieldRequiredDouble71_",
+          "fieldRequiredFloat72_",
+          "fieldRequiredInt6473_",
+          "fieldRequiredUint6474_",
+          "fieldRequiredInt3275_",
+          "fieldRequiredFixed6476_",
+          "fieldRequiredFixed3277_",
+          "fieldRequiredBool78_",
+          "fieldRequiredString79_",
+          "fieldRequiredMessage80_",
+          "fieldRequiredBytes81_",
+          "fieldRequiredUint3282_",
+          "fieldRequiredEnum83_",
+          Proto2MessageLite.TestEnum.internalGetVerifier(),
+          "fieldRequiredSfixed3284_",
+          "fieldRequiredSfixed6485_",
+          "fieldRequiredSint3286_",
+          "fieldRequiredSint6487_",
+          "fieldRequiredGroup88_",
+        };
+    // To update this after a proto change, run protoc on proto2_message_lite.proto and copy over
+    // the content of the generated buildMessageInfo() method here.
+    java.lang.String info =
+        "\u0001U\u0001\u0002\u0001XU\u0000 \u0015\u0001\u0000\u0000\u0002\u0001\u0001\u0003"
+            + "\u0002\u0002\u0004\u0003\u0003\u0005\u0004\u0004\u0006\u0005\u0005\u0007\u0006\u0006"
+            + "\b\u0007\u0007\t\b\b\n\u0409\t\u000b\n\n\f\u000b\u000b\r\f\f\u000e\r\r\u000f\u000e"
+            + "\u000e\u0010\u000f\u000f\u0011\u0010\u0010\u0012\u0012\u0013\u0013\u0014\u0014\u0015"
+            + "\u0015\u0016\u0016\u0017\u0017\u0018\u0018\u0019\u0019\u001a\u001a\u001b\u041b\u001c"
+            + "\u001c\u001d\u001d\u001e\u001e\u001f\u001f  !!\"\"##$$%%&&\'\'(())**++,,--..//00"
+            + "1\u0011\u00113153\u000064\u000075\u000086\u000097\u0000:8\u0000;9\u0000<:\u0000="
+            + ";\u0000>\u043c\u0000?=\u0000@>\u0000A@\u0000BA\u0000CB\u0000DC\u0000ED\u0000G\u0500"
+            + "#H\u0501$I\u0502%J\u0503&K\u0504\'L\u0505(M\u0506)N\u0507*O\u0508+P\u0509,Q\u050a"
+            + "-R\u050b.S\u050c/T\u050d0U\u050e1V\u050f2W\u05103X\u05114";
+    return new RawMessageInfo(Proto2MessageLite.getDefaultInstance(), info, objects);
+  }
+
+  private MessageInfo structuralMessageInfoFor(Class<?> clazz) {
+    if (Proto2MessageLite.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForProto2MessageLite();
+    } else if (FieldGroup49.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForFieldGroup49();
+    } else if (FieldGroupList51.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForFieldGroupList51();
+    } else if (FieldGroup69.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForFieldGroup69();
+    } else if (FieldRequiredGroup88.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForFieldRequiredGroup88();
+    } else if (RequiredNestedMessage.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForRequiredNestedMessage();
+    } else if (Proto2EmptyLite.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForProto2EmptyLite();
+    } else if (Proto2MessageLiteWithExtensions.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForProto2MessageLiteWithExtensions();
+    } else if (Proto2TestingLite.FieldGroup49.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForExtensionFieldGroup49();
+    } else if (Proto2TestingLite.FieldGroupList51.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForExtensionFieldGroupList51();
+    } else if (Proto2TestingLite.Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      return newMessageInfoForProto2MessageLiteWithMaps();
+    } else {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported class: " + clazz.getName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new hard-coded info for {@link Proto2MessageLite}. Each time this is called, we
+   * manually go through the entire process of what a message would do if it self-registered its own
+   * info, including looking up each field by name. This is done for benchmarking purposes, so that
+   * we get a more accurate representation of the time it takes to perform this process.
+   */
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto2MessageLite() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(48);
+    builder.withCheckInitialized(
+        new int[] {
+          10, 27, 62, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88,
+        });
+    lookupFieldsByName(builder);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static void lookupFieldsByName(StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder) {
+    Field bitField0 = field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "bitField0_");
+
+    builder.withDefaultInstance(Proto2MessageLite.getDefaultInstance());
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldDouble1_"),
+            1,
+            FieldType.DOUBLE,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldFloat2_"),
+            2,
+            FieldType.FLOAT,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000002,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldInt643_"),
+            3,
+            FieldType.INT64,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000004,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldUint644_"),
+            4,
+            FieldType.UINT64,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000008,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldInt325_"),
+            5,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000010,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldFixed646_"),
+            6,
+            FieldType.FIXED64,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000020,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldFixed327_"),
+            7,
+            FieldType.FIXED32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000040,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldBool8_"),
+            8,
+            FieldType.BOOL,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000080,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldString9_"),
+            9,
+            FieldType.STRING,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000100,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldMessage10_"),
+            10,
+            FieldType.MESSAGE,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000200,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldBytes11_"),
+            11,
+            FieldType.BYTES,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000400,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldUint3212_"),
+            12,
+            FieldType.UINT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000800,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldEnum13_"),
+            13,
+            FieldType.ENUM,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00001000,
+            false,
+            TestEnum.internalGetVerifier()));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldSfixed3214_"),
+            14,
+            FieldType.SFIXED32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00002000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldSfixed6415_"),
+            15,
+            FieldType.SFIXED64,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00004000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldSint3216_"),
+            16,
+            FieldType.SINT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00008000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldSint6417_"),
+            17,
+            FieldType.SINT64,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00010000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldDoubleList18_"),
+            18,
+            FieldType.DOUBLE_LIST,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldFloatList19_"), 19, FieldType.FLOAT_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldInt64List20_"), 20, FieldType.INT64_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldUint64List21_"),
+            21,
+            FieldType.UINT64_LIST,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldInt32List22_"), 22, FieldType.INT32_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldFixed64List23_"),
+            23,
+            FieldType.FIXED64_LIST,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldFixed32List24_"),
+            24,
+            FieldType.FIXED32_LIST,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldBoolList25_"), 25, FieldType.BOOL_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldStringList26_"),
+            26,
+            FieldType.STRING_LIST,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forRepeatedMessageField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldMessageList27_"),
+            27,
+            FieldType.MESSAGE_LIST,
+            Proto2MessageLite.class));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldBytesList28_"), 28, FieldType.BYTES_LIST, false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldUint32List29_"),
+            29,
+            FieldType.UINT32_LIST,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forFieldWithEnumVerifier(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldEnumList30_"),
+            30,
+            FieldType.ENUM_LIST,
+            TestEnum.internalGetVerifier()));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldSfixed32List31_"),
+            31,
+            FieldType.SFIXED32_LIST,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldSfixed64List32_"),
+            32,
+            FieldType.SFIXED64_LIST,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldSint32List33_"),
+            33,
+            FieldType.SINT32_LIST,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldSint64List34_"),
+            34,
+            FieldType.SINT64_LIST,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldDoubleListPacked35_"),
+            35,
+            FieldType.DOUBLE_LIST_PACKED,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldFloatListPacked36_"),
+            36,
+            FieldType.FLOAT_LIST_PACKED,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldInt64ListPacked37_"),
+            37,
+            FieldType.INT64_LIST_PACKED,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldUint64ListPacked38_"),
+            38,
+            FieldType.UINT64_LIST_PACKED,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldInt32ListPacked39_"),
+            39,
+            FieldType.INT32_LIST_PACKED,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldFixed64ListPacked40_"),
+            40,
+            FieldType.FIXED64_LIST_PACKED,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldFixed32ListPacked41_"),
+            41,
+            FieldType.FIXED32_LIST_PACKED,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldBoolListPacked42_"),
+            42,
+            FieldType.BOOL_LIST_PACKED,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldUint32ListPacked43_"),
+            43,
+            FieldType.UINT32_LIST_PACKED,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forFieldWithEnumVerifier(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldEnumListPacked44_"),
+            44,
+            FieldType.ENUM_LIST_PACKED,
+            TestEnum.internalGetVerifier()));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldSfixed32ListPacked45_"),
+            45,
+            FieldType.SFIXED32_LIST_PACKED,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldSfixed64ListPacked46_"),
+            46,
+            FieldType.SFIXED64_LIST_PACKED,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldSint32ListPacked47_"),
+            47,
+            FieldType.SINT32_LIST_PACKED,
+            false));
+    builder.withField(
+        forField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldSint64ListPacked48_"),
+            48,
+            FieldType.SINT64_LIST_PACKED,
+            false));
+
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldGroup49_"),
+            49,
+            FieldType.GROUP,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00020000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forRepeatedMessageField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldGroupList51_"),
+            51,
+            FieldType.GROUP_LIST,
+            Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroupList51.class));
+
+    OneofInfo oneof =
+        new OneofInfo(
+            0,
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "testOneofCase_"),
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "testOneof_"));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(53, FieldType.DOUBLE, oneof, Double.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(54, FieldType.FLOAT, oneof, Float.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(55, FieldType.INT64, oneof, Long.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(56, FieldType.UINT64, oneof, Long.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(57, FieldType.INT32, oneof, Integer.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(58, FieldType.FIXED64, oneof, Long.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(59, FieldType.FIXED32, oneof, Integer.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(60, FieldType.BOOL, oneof, Boolean.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(61, FieldType.STRING, oneof, String.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(62, FieldType.MESSAGE, oneof, Proto2MessageLite.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(63, FieldType.BYTES, oneof, ByteString.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(64, FieldType.UINT32, oneof, Integer.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(65, FieldType.SFIXED32, oneof, Integer.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(66, FieldType.SFIXED64, oneof, Long.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(67, FieldType.SINT32, oneof, Integer.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(forOneofMemberField(68, FieldType.SINT64, oneof, Long.class, false, null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forOneofMemberField(
+            69, FieldType.GROUP, oneof, Proto2MessageLite.FieldGroup69.class, false, null));
+
+    Field bitField1 = field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "bitField1_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredDouble71_"),
+            71,
+            FieldType.DOUBLE,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000008,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredFloat72_"),
+            72,
+            FieldType.FLOAT,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000010,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredInt6473_"),
+            73,
+            FieldType.INT64,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000020,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredUint6474_"),
+            74,
+            FieldType.UINT64,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000040,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredInt3275_"),
+            75,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000080,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredFixed6476_"),
+            76,
+            FieldType.FIXED64,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000100,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredFixed3277_"),
+            77,
+            FieldType.FIXED32,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000200,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredBool78_"),
+            78,
+            FieldType.BOOL,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000400,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredString79_"),
+            79,
+            FieldType.STRING,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00000800,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredMessage80_"),
+            80,
+            FieldType.MESSAGE,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00001000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredBytes81_"),
+            81,
+            FieldType.BYTES,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00002000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredUint3282_"),
+            82,
+            FieldType.UINT32,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00004000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredEnum83_"),
+            83,
+            FieldType.ENUM,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00008000,
+            false,
+            TestEnum.internalGetVerifier()));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredSfixed3284_"),
+            84,
+            FieldType.SFIXED32,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00010000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredSfixed6485_"),
+            85,
+            FieldType.SFIXED64,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00020000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredSint3286_"),
+            86,
+            FieldType.SINT32,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00040000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredSint6487_"),
+            87,
+            FieldType.SINT64,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00080000,
+            false,
+            null));
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2RequiredField(
+            field(Proto2MessageLite.class, "fieldRequiredGroup88_"),
+            88,
+            FieldType.GROUP,
+            bitField1,
+            0x00100000,
+            false,
+            null));
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForFieldGroup49() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    Field bitField0 = field(FieldGroup49.class, "bitField0_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(FieldGroup49.class, "fieldInt3250_"),
+            50,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForFieldGroupList51() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    Field bitField0 = field(FieldGroup49.class, "bitField0_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(FieldGroupList51.class, "fieldInt3252_"),
+            52,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForFieldGroup69() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    Field bitField0 = field(FieldGroup69.class, "bitField0_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(FieldGroup69.class, "fieldInt3270_"),
+            70,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForRequiredNestedMessage() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    Field bitField0 = field(RequiredNestedMessage.class, "bitField0_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(RequiredNestedMessage.class, "value_"),
+            1,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForFieldRequiredGroup88() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    Field bitField0 = field(FieldRequiredGroup88.class, "bitField0_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(FieldRequiredGroup88.class, "fieldInt3289_"),
+            89,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto2EmptyLite() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto2MessageLiteWithExtensions() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(0);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForExtensionFieldGroup49() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    Field bitField0 = field(Proto2TestingLite.FieldGroup49.class, "bitField0_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2TestingLite.FieldGroup49.class, "fieldInt3250_"),
+            50,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForExtensionFieldGroupList51() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder(1);
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    Field bitField0 = field(Proto2TestingLite.FieldGroup49.class, "bitField0_");
+    builder.withField(
+        forProto2OptionalField(
+            field(Proto2TestingLite.FieldGroupList51.class, "fieldInt3252_"),
+            52,
+            FieldType.INT32,
+            bitField0,
+            0x00000001,
+            false,
+            null));
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+
+  private static StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto2MessageLiteWithMaps() {
+    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder();
+    builder.withCheckInitialized(
+        new int[] {
+          10, 27, 44, 61, 78, 95, 112, 129, 146, 163, 180, 197,
+        });
+    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO2);
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_bool_1", 1));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_bytes_2", 2));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_double_3", 3));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_enum_4", 4));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_fixed32_5", 5));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_fixed64_6", 6));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_float_7", 7));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_int32_8", 8));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_int64_9", 9));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_message_10", 10));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sfixed32_11", 11));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sfixed64_12", 12));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sint32_13", 13));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_sint64_14", 14));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_string_15", 15));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_uint32_16", 16));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_uint64_17", 17));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_bool_18", 18));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_bytes_19", 19));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_double_20", 20));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_enum_21", 21));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_fixed32_22", 22));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_fixed64_23", 23));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_float_24", 24));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_int32_25", 25));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_int64_26", 26));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_message_27", 27));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sfixed32_28", 28));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sfixed64_29", 29));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sint32_30", 30));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_sint64_31", 31));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_string_32", 32));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_uint32_33", 33));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed32_uint64_34", 34));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_bool_35", 35));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_bytes_36", 36));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_double_37", 37));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_enum_38", 38));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_fixed32_39", 39));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_fixed64_40", 40));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_float_41", 41));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_int32_42", 42));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_int64_43", 43));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_message_44", 44));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sfixed32_45", 45));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sfixed64_46", 46));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sint32_47", 47));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_sint64_48", 48));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_string_49", 49));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_uint32_50", 50));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_fixed64_uint64_51", 51));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_bool_52", 52));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_bytes_53", 53));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_double_54", 54));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_enum_55", 55));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_fixed32_56", 56));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_fixed64_57", 57));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_float_58", 58));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_int32_59", 59));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_int64_60", 60));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_message_61", 61));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sfixed32_62", 62));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sfixed64_63", 63));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sint32_64", 64));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_sint64_65", 65));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_string_66", 66));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_uint32_67", 67));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int32_uint64_68", 68));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_bool_69", 69));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_bytes_70", 70));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_double_71", 71));
+    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_enum_72", 72));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_fixed32_73", 73));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_fixed64_74", 74));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_float_75", 75));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_int32_76", 76));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_int64_77", 77));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_message_78", 78));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sfixed32_79", 79));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sfixed64_80", 80));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sint32_81", 81));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_sint64_82", 82));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_string_83", 83));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_uint32_84", 84));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_int64_uint64_85", 85));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_bool_86", 86));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_bytes_87", 87));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_double_88", 88));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_enum_89", 89));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_fixed32_90", 90));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_fixed64_91", 91));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_float_92", 92));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_int32_93", 93));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_int64_94", 94));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_message_95", 95));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sfixed32_96", 96));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sfixed64_97", 97));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sint32_98", 98));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_sint64_99", 99));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_string_100", 100));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_uint32_101", 101));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed32_uint64_102", 102));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_bool_103", 103));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_bytes_104", 104));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_double_105", 105));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_enum_106", 106));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_fixed32_107", 107));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_fixed64_108", 108));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_float_109", 109));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_int32_110", 110));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_int64_111", 111));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_message_112", 112));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sfixed32_113", 113));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sfixed64_114", 114));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sint32_115", 115));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_sint64_116", 116));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_string_117", 117));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_uint32_118", 118));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sfixed64_uint64_119", 119));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_bool_120", 120));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_bytes_121", 121));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_double_122", 122));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_enum_123", 123));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_fixed32_124", 124));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_fixed64_125", 125));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_float_126", 126));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_int32_127", 127));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_int64_128", 128));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_message_129", 129));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sfixed32_130", 130));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sfixed64_131", 131));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sint32_132", 132));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_sint64_133", 133));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_string_134", 134));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_uint32_135", 135));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint32_uint64_136", 136));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_bool_137", 137));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_bytes_138", 138));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_double_139", 139));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_enum_140", 140));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_fixed32_141", 141));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_fixed64_142", 142));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_float_143", 143));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_int32_144", 144));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_int64_145", 145));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_message_146", 146));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sfixed32_147", 147));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sfixed64_148", 148));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sint32_149", 149));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_sint64_150", 150));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_string_151", 151));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_uint32_152", 152));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_sint64_uint64_153", 153));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_bool_154", 154));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_bytes_155", 155));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_double_156", 156));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_enum_157", 157));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_fixed32_158", 158));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_fixed64_159", 159));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_float_160", 160));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_int32_161", 161));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_int64_162", 162));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_message_163", 163));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sfixed32_164", 164));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sfixed64_165", 165));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sint32_166", 166));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_sint64_167", 167));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_string_168", 168));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_uint32_169", 169));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_string_uint64_170", 170));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_bool_171", 171));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_bytes_172", 172));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_double_173", 173));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_enum_174", 174));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_fixed32_175", 175));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_fixed64_176", 176));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_float_177", 177));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_int32_178", 178));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_int64_179", 179));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_message_180", 180));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sfixed32_181", 181));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sfixed64_182", 182));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sint32_183", 183));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_sint64_184", 184));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_string_185", 185));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_uint32_186", 186));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint32_uint64_187", 187));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_bool_188", 188));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_bytes_189", 189));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_double_190", 190));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_enum_191", 191));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_fixed32_192", 192));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_fixed64_193", 193));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_float_194", 194));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_int32_195", 195));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_int64_196", 196));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_message_197", 197));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sfixed32_198", 198));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sfixed64_199", 199));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sint32_200", 200));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_sint64_201", 201));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_string_202", 202));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_uint32_203", 203));
+    builder.withField(
+        mapFieldInfo(Proto2MessageLiteWithMaps.class, "field_map_uint64_uint64_204", 204));
+
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  private static Field field(Class<?> clazz, String name) {
+    try {
+      return clazz.getDeclaredField(name);
+    } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static FieldInfo mapFieldInfo(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName, int fieldNumber) {
+    try {
+      return forMapField(
+          field(clazz, SchemaUtil.toCamelCase(fieldName, false) + "_"),
+          fieldNumber,
+          SchemaUtil.getMapDefaultEntry(clazz, fieldName),
+          fieldName.contains("_enum_") ? TestEnum.internalGetVerifier() : null);
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/pom.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f82dd0f20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+  <artifactId>protobuf-parent</artifactId>
+  <version>3.11.4</version>
+  <packaging>pom</packaging>
+
+  <name>Protocol Buffers [Parent]</name>
+  <inceptionYear>2008</inceptionYear>
+  <url>https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/</url>
+  <description>
+    Protocol Buffers are a way of encoding structured data in an efficient yet
+    extensible format.
+  </description>
+
+  <developers>
+    <developer>
+      <id>haon</id>
+      <name>Hao Nguyen</name>
+      <email>haon@google.com</email>
+      <organization>Google</organization>
+      <organizationUrl>https://cloud.google.com</organizationUrl>
+      <timezone>America/Los_Angeles</timezone>
+    </developer>
+  </developers>
+
+  <properties>
+    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
+
+    <!-- These are relative to the submodules -->
+    <protobuf.basedir>${project.basedir}/../..</protobuf.basedir>
+    <protobuf.source.dir>${protobuf.basedir}/src</protobuf.source.dir>
+    <protoc>${protobuf.source.dir}/protoc</protoc>
+    <test.proto.dir>src/test/proto</test.proto.dir>
+    <generated.sources.dir>${project.build.directory}/generated-sources</generated.sources.dir>
+    <generated.testsources.dir>${project.build.directory}/generated-test-sources</generated.testsources.dir>
+  </properties>
+
+  <licenses>
+    <license>
+      <name>3-Clause BSD License</name>
+      <url>https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause</url>
+      <distribution>repo</distribution>
+    </license>
+  </licenses>
+
+  <scm>
+    <url>https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf</url>
+    <connection>scm:git:https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf.git</connection>
+  </scm>
+
+  <distributionManagement>
+    <snapshotRepository>
+      <id>sonatype-nexus-staging</id>
+      <url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
+    </snapshotRepository>
+    <repository>
+      <id>sonatype-nexus-staging</id>
+      <url>https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/</url>
+    </repository>
+  </distributionManagement>
+
+  <dependencyManagement>
+    <dependencies>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+        <artifactId>protobuf-bom</artifactId>
+        <version>${project.version}</version>
+        <type>pom</type>
+        <scope>import</scope>
+      </dependency>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>junit</groupId>
+        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+        <version>4.12</version>
+        <scope>test</scope>
+      </dependency>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
+        <artifactId>easymock</artifactId>
+        <version>2.2</version>
+        <scope>test</scope>
+      </dependency>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
+        <artifactId>easymockclassextension</artifactId>
+        <version>2.2.1</version>
+        <scope>test</scope>
+      </dependency>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
+        <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
+        <version>28.1-android</version>
+      </dependency>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
+        <artifactId>guava-testlib</artifactId>
+        <version>28.1-android</version>
+        <scope>test</scope>
+      </dependency>
+      <dependency>
+        <groupId>com.google.truth</groupId>
+        <artifactId>truth</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0</version>
+        <scope>test</scope>
+      </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+  </dependencyManagement>
+
+  <build>
+    <pluginManagement>
+      <plugins>
+        <plugin>
+          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>3.6.1</version>
+          <configuration>
+            <source>1.7</source>
+            <target>1.7</target>
+          </configuration>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>2.4</version>
+          <executions>
+            <execution>
+              <id>attach-sources</id>
+              <goals>
+                <goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
+              </goals>
+            </execution>
+          </executions>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>2.10.3</version>
+          <executions>
+            <execution>
+              <id>attach-javadocs</id>
+              <goals>
+                <goal>jar</goal>
+              </goals>
+              <configuration>
+                <failOnError>false</failOnError>
+              </configuration>
+            </execution>
+          </executions>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>2.6</version>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
+          <artifactId>build-helper-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>1.10</version>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <groupId>org.apache.felix</groupId>
+          <artifactId>maven-bundle-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>3.0.1</version>
+        </plugin>
+        <plugin>
+          <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
+          <version>1.8</version>
+        </plugin>
+      </plugins>
+    </pluginManagement>
+  </build>
+
+  <profiles>
+    <profile>
+      <id>release</id>
+      <build>
+        <plugins>
+          <plugin>
+            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+            <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
+            <version>2.2.1</version>
+            <executions>
+              <execution>
+                <id>attach-sources</id>
+                <goals>
+                  <goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
+                </goals>
+              </execution>
+            </executions>
+          </plugin>
+          <plugin>
+            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+            <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
+            <version>2.10.3</version>
+            <executions>
+              <execution>
+                <id>attach-javadocs</id>
+                <goals>
+                  <goal>jar</goal>
+                </goals>
+                <configuration>
+                  <failOnError>false</failOnError>
+                </configuration>
+              </execution>
+            </executions>
+          </plugin>
+          <plugin>
+            <artifactId>maven-gpg-plugin</artifactId>
+            <version>1.6</version>
+            <executions>
+              <execution>
+                <id>sign-artifacts</id>
+                <phase>verify</phase>
+                <goals>
+                  <goal>sign</goal>
+                </goals>
+              </execution>
+            </executions>
+          </plugin>
+          <plugin>
+            <groupId>org.sonatype.plugins</groupId>
+            <artifactId>nexus-staging-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+            <version>1.6.6</version>
+            <extensions>true</extensions>
+            <configuration>
+              <serverId>sonatype-nexus-staging</serverId>
+              <nexusUrl>https://oss.sonatype.org/</nexusUrl>
+              <autoReleaseAfterClose>false</autoReleaseAfterClose>
+            </configuration>
+          </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+      </build>
+    </profile>
+  </profiles>
+
+  <modules>
+    <module>bom</module>
+    <module>lite</module>
+    <module>core</module>
+    <module>util</module>
+  </modules>
+
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/pom.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58d05d297
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+    <artifactId>protobuf-parent</artifactId>
+    <version>3.11.4</version>
+  </parent>
+
+  <artifactId>protobuf-java-util</artifactId>
+  <packaging>bundle</packaging>
+
+  <name>Protocol Buffers [Util]</name>
+  <description>Utilities for Protocol Buffers</description>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
+      <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
+      <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.errorprone</groupId>
+      <artifactId>error_prone_annotations</artifactId>
+      <version>2.3.4</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
+      <artifactId>guava-testlib</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
+      <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
+      <version>2.8.6</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>junit</groupId>
+      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
+      <artifactId>easymock</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
+      <artifactId>easymockclassextension</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>com.google.truth</groupId>
+      <artifactId>truth</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+
+  <properties>
+    <!-- Use the core proto dir so that we can call the core generation script -->
+    <test.proto.dir>../core/src/test/proto</test.proto.dir>
+  </properties>
+
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <!-- Generate the test protos -->
+          <execution>
+            <id>generate-test-sources</id>
+            <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
+            <configuration>
+              <target>
+                <!-- Generate all of the test protos from the core module -->
+                <ant antfile="../core/generate-test-sources-build.xml"/>
+
+                <!-- Generate additional test protos for this module -->
+                <exec executable="${protoc}">
+                  <arg value="--java_out=${generated.testsources.dir}"/>
+                  <arg value="--proto_path=${protobuf.source.dir}"/>
+                  <arg value="--proto_path=src/test/proto"/>
+                  <arg value="src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/util/json_test.proto"/>
+                </exec>
+              </target>
+            </configuration>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>run</goal>
+            </goals>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <!-- Add the generated test sources to the build -->
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
+        <artifactId>build-helper-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>add-generated-test-sources</id>
+            <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>add-test-source</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <sources>
+                <source>${generated.testsources.dir}</source>
+              </sources>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <!-- Configure the OSGI bundle -->
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.felix</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-bundle-plugin</artifactId>
+        <extensions>true</extensions>
+        <configuration>
+          <instructions>
+            <Automatic-Module-Name>com.google.protobuf.util</Automatic-Module-Name> <!-- Java9+ Jigsaw module name -->
+            <Bundle-DocURL>https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/</Bundle-DocURL>
+            <Bundle-SymbolicName>com.google.protobuf.util</Bundle-SymbolicName>
+            <Export-Package>com.google.protobuf.util;version=${project.version}</Export-Package>
+          </instructions>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+
+      <!-- Configure the fat jar to include all dependencies -->
+      <plugin>
+        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+        <configuration>
+          <descriptorRefs>
+            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
+          </descriptorRefs>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Durations.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Durations.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1edc8f0af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Durations.java
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.util;
+
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
+import static com.google.common.math.IntMath.checkedAdd;
+import static com.google.common.math.IntMath.checkedSubtract;
+import static com.google.common.math.LongMath.checkedAdd;
+import static com.google.common.math.LongMath.checkedMultiply;
+import static com.google.common.math.LongMath.checkedSubtract;
+import static com.google.protobuf.util.Timestamps.MICROS_PER_SECOND;
+import static com.google.protobuf.util.Timestamps.MILLIS_PER_SECOND;
+import static com.google.protobuf.util.Timestamps.NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND;
+import static com.google.protobuf.util.Timestamps.NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND;
+import static com.google.protobuf.util.Timestamps.NANOS_PER_SECOND;
+
+import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Duration;
+import java.text.ParseException;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
+/**
+ * Utilities to help create/manipulate {@code protobuf/duration.proto}. All operations throw an
+ * {@link IllegalArgumentException} if the input(s) are not {@linkplain #isValid(Duration) valid}.
+ */
+public final class Durations {
+  static final long DURATION_SECONDS_MIN = -315576000000L;
+  static final long DURATION_SECONDS_MAX = 315576000000L;
+
+  private static final long SECONDS_PER_MINUTE = 60L;
+  private static final long SECONDS_PER_HOUR = SECONDS_PER_MINUTE * 60;
+  private static final long SECONDS_PER_DAY = SECONDS_PER_HOUR * 24;
+
+  /** A constant holding the minimum valid {@link Duration}, approximately {@code -10,000} years. */
+  public static final Duration MIN_VALUE =
+      Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(DURATION_SECONDS_MIN).setNanos(-999999999).build();
+
+  /** A constant holding the maximum valid {@link Duration}, approximately {@code +10,000} years. */
+  public static final Duration MAX_VALUE =
+      Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(DURATION_SECONDS_MAX).setNanos(999999999).build();
+
+  /** A constant holding the duration of zero. */
+  public static final Duration ZERO = Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(0L).setNanos(0).build();
+
+  private Durations() {}
+
+  private static final Comparator<Duration> COMPARATOR =
+      new Comparator<Duration>() {
+        @Override
+        public int compare(Duration d1, Duration d2) {
+          checkValid(d1);
+          checkValid(d2);
+          int secDiff = Long.compare(d1.getSeconds(), d2.getSeconds());
+          return (secDiff != 0) ? secDiff : Integer.compare(d1.getNanos(), d2.getNanos());
+        }
+      };
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a {@link Comparator} for {@link Duration}s which sorts in increasing chronological
+   * order. Nulls and invalid {@link Duration}s are not allowed (see {@link #isValid}).
+   */
+  public static Comparator<Duration> comparator() {
+    return COMPARATOR;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compares two durations. The value returned is identical to what would be returned by: {@code
+   * Durations.comparator().compare(x, y)}.
+   *
+   * @return the value {@code 0} if {@code x == y}; a value less than {@code 0} if {@code x < y};
+   *     and a value greater than {@code 0} if {@code x > y}
+   */
+  public static int compare(Duration x, Duration y) {
+    return COMPARATOR.compare(x, y);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if the given {@link Duration} is valid. The {@code seconds} value must be in the
+   * range [-315,576,000,000, +315,576,000,000]. The {@code nanos} value must be in the range
+   * [-999,999,999, +999,999,999].
+   *
+   * <p><b>Note:</b> Durations less than one second are represented with a 0 {@code seconds} field
+   * and a positive or negative {@code nanos} field. For durations of one second or more, a non-zero
+   * value for the {@code nanos} field must be of the same sign as the {@code seconds} field.
+   */
+  public static boolean isValid(Duration duration) {
+    return isValid(duration.getSeconds(), duration.getNanos());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if the given number of seconds and nanos is a valid {@link Duration}. The {@code
+   * seconds} value must be in the range [-315,576,000,000, +315,576,000,000]. The {@code nanos}
+   * value must be in the range [-999,999,999, +999,999,999].
+   *
+   * <p><b>Note:</b> Durations less than one second are represented with a 0 {@code seconds} field
+   * and a positive or negative {@code nanos} field. For durations of one second or more, a non-zero
+   * value for the {@code nanos} field must be of the same sign as the {@code seconds} field.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static boolean isValid(long seconds, int nanos) {
+    if (seconds < DURATION_SECONDS_MIN || seconds > DURATION_SECONDS_MAX) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (nanos < -999999999L || nanos >= NANOS_PER_SECOND) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (seconds < 0 || nanos < 0) {
+      if (seconds > 0 || nanos > 0) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns whether the given {@link Duration} is negative or not. */
+  public static boolean isNegative(Duration duration) {
+    checkValid(duration);
+    return (duration.getSeconds() == 0) ? duration.getNanos() < 0 : duration.getSeconds() < 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the given {@link Duration} is not negative.
+   *
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code duration} is negative or invalid
+   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code duration} is {@code null}
+   */
+  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+  public static Duration checkNotNegative(Duration duration) {
+    checkValid(duration);
+    checkArgument(!isNegative(duration), "duration (%s) must not be negative", toString(duration));
+    return duration;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures that the given {@link Duration} is positive.
+   *
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code duration} is negative, {@code ZERO}, or invalid
+   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code duration} is {@code null}
+   */
+  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+  public static Duration checkPositive(Duration duration) {
+    checkValid(duration);
+    checkArgument(
+        !isNegative(duration) && !duration.equals(ZERO),
+        "duration (%s) must be positive",
+        toString(duration));
+    return duration;
+  }
+
+  /** Throws an {@link IllegalArgumentException} if the given {@link Duration} is not valid. */
+  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+  public static Duration checkValid(Duration duration) {
+    long seconds = duration.getSeconds();
+    int nanos = duration.getNanos();
+    if (!isValid(seconds, nanos)) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          String.format(
+              "Duration is not valid. See proto definition for valid values. "
+                  + "Seconds (%s) must be in range [-315,576,000,000, +315,576,000,000]. "
+                  + "Nanos (%s) must be in range [-999,999,999, +999,999,999]. "
+                  + "Nanos must have the same sign as seconds",
+              seconds, nanos));
+    }
+    return duration;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builds the given builder and throws an {@link IllegalArgumentException} if it is not valid. See
+   * {@link #checkValid(Duration)}.
+   *
+   * @return A valid, built {@link Duration}.
+   */
+  public static Duration checkValid(Duration.Builder durationBuilder) {
+    return checkValid(durationBuilder.build());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert Duration to string format. The string format will contains 3, 6, or 9 fractional digits
+   * depending on the precision required to represent the exact Duration value. For example: "1s",
+   * "1.010s", "1.000000100s", "-3.100s" The range that can be represented by Duration is from
+   * -315,576,000,000 to +315,576,000,000 inclusive (in seconds).
+   *
+   * @return The string representation of the given duration.
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given duration is not in the valid range.
+   */
+  public static String toString(Duration duration) {
+    checkValid(duration);
+
+    long seconds = duration.getSeconds();
+    int nanos = duration.getNanos();
+
+    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+    if (seconds < 0 || nanos < 0) {
+      result.append("-");
+      seconds = -seconds;
+      nanos = -nanos;
+    }
+    result.append(seconds);
+    if (nanos != 0) {
+      result.append(".");
+      result.append(Timestamps.formatNanos(nanos));
+    }
+    result.append("s");
+    return result.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse from a string to produce a duration.
+   *
+   * @return A Duration parsed from the string.
+   * @throws ParseException if parsing fails.
+   */
+  public static Duration parse(String value) throws ParseException {
+    // Must ended with "s".
+    if (value.isEmpty() || value.charAt(value.length() - 1) != 's') {
+      throw new ParseException("Invalid duration string: " + value, 0);
+    }
+    boolean negative = false;
+    if (value.charAt(0) == '-') {
+      negative = true;
+      value = value.substring(1);
+    }
+    String secondValue = value.substring(0, value.length() - 1);
+    String nanoValue = "";
+    int pointPosition = secondValue.indexOf('.');
+    if (pointPosition != -1) {
+      nanoValue = secondValue.substring(pointPosition + 1);
+      secondValue = secondValue.substring(0, pointPosition);
+    }
+    long seconds = Long.parseLong(secondValue);
+    int nanos = nanoValue.isEmpty() ? 0 : Timestamps.parseNanos(nanoValue);
+    if (seconds < 0) {
+      throw new ParseException("Invalid duration string: " + value, 0);
+    }
+    if (negative) {
+      seconds = -seconds;
+      nanos = -nanos;
+    }
+    try {
+      return normalizedDuration(seconds, nanos);
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      throw new ParseException("Duration value is out of range.", 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Static factories
+
+  /** Create a Duration from the number of days. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static Duration fromDays(long days) {
+    return Duration.newBuilder()
+        .setSeconds(checkedMultiply(days, SECONDS_PER_DAY))
+        .setNanos(0)
+        .build();
+  }
+
+  /** Create a Duration from the number of hours. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static Duration fromHours(long hours) {
+    return Duration.newBuilder()
+        .setSeconds(checkedMultiply(hours, SECONDS_PER_HOUR))
+        .setNanos(0)
+        .build();
+  }
+
+  /** Create a Duration from the number of minutes. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static Duration fromMinutes(long minutes) {
+    return Duration.newBuilder()
+        .setSeconds(checkedMultiply(minutes, SECONDS_PER_MINUTE))
+        .setNanos(0)
+        .build();
+  }
+
+  /** Create a Duration from the number of seconds. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static Duration fromSeconds(long seconds) {
+    return normalizedDuration(seconds, 0);
+  }
+
+  /** Create a Duration from the number of milliseconds. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static Duration fromMillis(long milliseconds) {
+    return normalizedDuration(
+        milliseconds / MILLIS_PER_SECOND,
+        (int) (milliseconds % MILLIS_PER_SECOND * NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND));
+  }
+
+  /** Create a Duration from the number of microseconds. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static Duration fromMicros(long microseconds) {
+    return normalizedDuration(
+        microseconds / MICROS_PER_SECOND,
+        (int) (microseconds % MICROS_PER_SECOND * NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND));
+  }
+
+  /** Create a Duration from the number of nanoseconds. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static Duration fromNanos(long nanoseconds) {
+    return normalizedDuration(
+        nanoseconds / NANOS_PER_SECOND, (int) (nanoseconds % NANOS_PER_SECOND));
+  }
+
+  // Conversion APIs
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Duration to the number of days. The result will be rounded towards 0 to the nearest
+   * day.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static long toDays(Duration duration) {
+    return checkValid(duration).getSeconds() / SECONDS_PER_DAY;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Duration to the number of hours. The result will be rounded towards 0 to the nearest
+   * hour.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static long toHours(Duration duration) {
+    return checkValid(duration).getSeconds() / SECONDS_PER_HOUR;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Duration to the number of minutes. The result will be rounded towards 0 to the
+   * nearest minute.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static long toMinutes(Duration duration) {
+    return checkValid(duration).getSeconds() / SECONDS_PER_MINUTE;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Duration to the number of seconds. The result will be rounded towards 0 to the
+   * nearest second. E.g., if the duration represents -1 nanosecond, it will be rounded to 0.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static long toSeconds(Duration duration) {
+    return checkValid(duration).getSeconds();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the number of seconds of the given duration as a {@code double}. This method should be
+   * used to accommodate APIs that <b>only</b> accept durations as {@code double} values.
+   *
+   * <p>This conversion may lose precision.
+   *
+   * <p>If you need the number of seconds in this duration as a {@code long} (not a {@code double}),
+   * simply use {@code duration.getSeconds()} or {@link #toSeconds} (which includes validation).
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings({
+    "DurationSecondsToDouble", // that's the whole point of this method
+    "GoodTime" // this is a legacy conversion API
+  })
+  public static double toSecondsAsDouble(Duration duration) {
+    checkValid(duration);
+    return duration.getSeconds() + duration.getNanos() / 1e9;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Duration to the number of milliseconds. The result will be rounded towards 0 to the
+   * nearest millisecond. E.g., if the duration represents -1 nanosecond, it will be rounded to 0.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static long toMillis(Duration duration) {
+    checkValid(duration);
+    return checkedAdd(
+        checkedMultiply(duration.getSeconds(), MILLIS_PER_SECOND),
+        duration.getNanos() / NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Duration to the number of microseconds. The result will be rounded towards 0 to the
+   * nearest microseconds. E.g., if the duration represents -1 nanosecond, it will be rounded to 0.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static long toMicros(Duration duration) {
+    checkValid(duration);
+    return checkedAdd(
+        checkedMultiply(duration.getSeconds(), MICROS_PER_SECOND),
+        duration.getNanos() / NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND);
+  }
+
+  /** Convert a Duration to the number of nanoseconds. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static long toNanos(Duration duration) {
+    checkValid(duration);
+    return checkedAdd(
+        checkedMultiply(duration.getSeconds(), NANOS_PER_SECOND), duration.getNanos());
+  }
+
+  // Math operations
+
+  /** Add two durations. */
+  public static Duration add(Duration d1, Duration d2) {
+    checkValid(d1);
+    checkValid(d2);
+    return normalizedDuration(
+        checkedAdd(d1.getSeconds(), d2.getSeconds()), checkedAdd(d1.getNanos(), d2.getNanos()));
+  }
+
+  /** Subtract a duration from another. */
+  public static Duration subtract(Duration d1, Duration d2) {
+    checkValid(d1);
+    checkValid(d2);
+    return normalizedDuration(
+        checkedSubtract(d1.getSeconds(), d2.getSeconds()),
+        checkedSubtract(d1.getNanos(), d2.getNanos()));
+  }
+
+  static Duration normalizedDuration(long seconds, int nanos) {
+    if (nanos <= -NANOS_PER_SECOND || nanos >= NANOS_PER_SECOND) {
+      seconds = checkedAdd(seconds, nanos / NANOS_PER_SECOND);
+      nanos %= NANOS_PER_SECOND;
+    }
+    if (seconds > 0 && nanos < 0) {
+      nanos += NANOS_PER_SECOND; // no overflow since nanos is negative (and we're adding)
+      seconds--; // no overflow since seconds is positive (and we're decrementing)
+    }
+    if (seconds < 0 && nanos > 0) {
+      nanos -= NANOS_PER_SECOND; // no overflow since nanos is positive (and we're subtracting)
+      seconds++; // no overflow since seconds is negative (and we're incrementing)
+    }
+    Duration duration = Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(seconds).setNanos(nanos).build();
+    return checkValid(duration);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskTree.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskTree.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d07731d24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskTree.java
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.util;
+
+import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.FieldMask;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.SortedMap;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * A tree representation of a FieldMask. Each leaf node in this tree represent
+ * a field path in the FieldMask.
+ *
+ * <p>For example, FieldMask "foo.bar,foo.baz,bar.baz" as a tree will be:
+ * <pre>
+ *   [root] -+- foo -+- bar
+ *           |       |
+ *           |       +- baz
+ *           |
+ *           +- bar --- baz
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>By representing FieldMasks with this tree structure we can easily convert
+ * a FieldMask to a canonical form, merge two FieldMasks, calculate the
+ * intersection to two FieldMasks and traverse all fields specified by the
+ * FieldMask in a message tree.
+ */
+final class FieldMaskTree {
+  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(FieldMaskTree.class.getName());
+
+  private static final String FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR_REGEX = "\\.";
+
+  private static final class Node {
+    final SortedMap<String, Node> children = new TreeMap<String, Node>();
+  }
+
+  private final Node root = new Node();
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an empty FieldMaskTree.
+   */
+  FieldMaskTree() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a FieldMaskTree for a given FieldMask.
+   */
+  FieldMaskTree(FieldMask mask) {
+    mergeFromFieldMask(mask);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return FieldMaskUtil.toString(toFieldMask());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds a field path to the tree. In a FieldMask, every field path matches the specified field as
+   * well as all its sub-fields. For example, a field path "foo.bar" matches field "foo.bar" and
+   * also "foo.bar.baz", etc. When adding a field path to the tree, redundant sub-paths will be
+   * removed. That is, after adding "foo.bar" to the tree, "foo.bar.baz" will be removed if it
+   * exists, which will turn the tree node for "foo.bar" to a leaf node. Likewise, if the field path
+   * to add is a sub-path of an existing leaf node, nothing will be changed in the tree.
+   */
+  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+  FieldMaskTree addFieldPath(String path) {
+    String[] parts = path.split(FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR_REGEX);
+    if (parts.length == 0) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    Node node = root;
+    boolean createNewBranch = false;
+    // Find the matching node in the tree.
+    for (String part : parts) {
+      // Check whether the path matches an existing leaf node.
+      if (!createNewBranch && node != root && node.children.isEmpty()) {
+        // The path to add is a sub-path of an existing leaf node.
+        return this;
+      }
+      if (node.children.containsKey(part)) {
+        node = node.children.get(part);
+      } else {
+        createNewBranch = true;
+        Node tmp = new Node();
+        node.children.put(part, tmp);
+        node = tmp;
+      }
+    }
+    // Turn the matching node into a leaf node (i.e., remove sub-paths).
+    node.children.clear();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /** Merges all field paths in a FieldMask into this tree. */
+  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+  FieldMaskTree mergeFromFieldMask(FieldMask mask) {
+    for (String path : mask.getPathsList()) {
+      addFieldPath(path);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts this tree to a FieldMask.
+   */
+  FieldMask toFieldMask() {
+    if (root.children.isEmpty()) {
+      return FieldMask.getDefaultInstance();
+    }
+    List<String> paths = new ArrayList<String>();
+    getFieldPaths(root, "", paths);
+    return FieldMask.newBuilder().addAllPaths(paths).build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gathers all field paths in a sub-tree.
+   */
+  private void getFieldPaths(Node node, String path, List<String> paths) {
+    if (node.children.isEmpty()) {
+      paths.add(path);
+      return;
+    }
+    for (Entry<String, Node> entry : node.children.entrySet()) {
+      String childPath = path.isEmpty() ? entry.getKey() : path + "." + entry.getKey();
+      getFieldPaths(entry.getValue(), childPath, paths);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds the intersection of this tree with the given {@code path} to {@code output}.
+   */
+  void intersectFieldPath(String path, FieldMaskTree output) {
+    if (root.children.isEmpty()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    String[] parts = path.split(FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR_REGEX);
+    if (parts.length == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    Node node = root;
+    for (String part : parts) {
+      if (node != root && node.children.isEmpty()) {
+        // The given path is a sub-path of an existing leaf node in the tree.
+        output.addFieldPath(path);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (node.children.containsKey(part)) {
+        node = node.children.get(part);
+      } else {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    // We found a matching node for the path. All leaf children of this matching
+    // node is in the intersection.
+    List<String> paths = new ArrayList<String>();
+    getFieldPaths(node, path, paths);
+    for (String value : paths) {
+      output.addFieldPath(value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merges all fields specified by this FieldMaskTree from {@code source} to {@code destination}.
+   */
+  void merge(Message source, Message.Builder destination, FieldMaskUtil.MergeOptions options) {
+    if (source.getDescriptorForType() != destination.getDescriptorForType()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot merge messages of different types.");
+    }
+    if (root.children.isEmpty()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    merge(root, "", source, destination, options);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merges all fields specified by a sub-tree from {@code source} to {@code destination}.
+   */
+  private void merge(
+      Node node,
+      String path,
+      Message source,
+      Message.Builder destination,
+      FieldMaskUtil.MergeOptions options) {
+    if (source.getDescriptorForType() != destination.getDescriptorForType()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          String.format(
+              "source (%s) and destination (%s) descriptor must be equal",
+              source.getDescriptorForType(), destination.getDescriptorForType()));
+    }
+
+    Descriptor descriptor = source.getDescriptorForType();
+    for (Entry<String, Node> entry : node.children.entrySet()) {
+      FieldDescriptor field = descriptor.findFieldByName(entry.getKey());
+      if (field == null) {
+        logger.warning(
+            "Cannot find field \""
+                + entry.getKey()
+                + "\" in message type "
+                + descriptor.getFullName());
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (!entry.getValue().children.isEmpty()) {
+        if (field.isRepeated() || field.getJavaType() != FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          logger.warning(
+              "Field \""
+                  + field.getFullName()
+                  + "\" is not a "
+                  + "singular message field and cannot have sub-fields.");
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (!source.hasField(field) && !destination.hasField(field)) {
+          // If the message field is not present in both source and destination, skip recursing
+          // so we don't create unnecessary empty messages.
+          continue;
+        }
+        String childPath = path.isEmpty() ? entry.getKey() : path + "." + entry.getKey();
+        Message.Builder childBuilder = ((Message) destination.getField(field)).toBuilder();
+        merge(entry.getValue(), childPath, (Message) source.getField(field), childBuilder, options);
+        destination.setField(field, childBuilder.buildPartial());
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (field.isRepeated()) {
+        if (options.replaceRepeatedFields()) {
+          destination.setField(field, source.getField(field));
+        } else {
+          for (Object element : (List) source.getField(field)) {
+            destination.addRepeatedField(field, element);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          if (options.replaceMessageFields()) {
+            if (!source.hasField(field)) {
+              destination.clearField(field);
+            } else {
+              destination.setField(field, source.getField(field));
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (source.hasField(field)) {
+              destination.setField(
+                  field,
+                  ((Message) destination.getField(field))
+                      .toBuilder()
+                      .mergeFrom((Message) source.getField(field))
+                      .build());
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (source.hasField(field) || !options.replacePrimitiveFields()) {
+            destination.setField(field, source.getField(field));
+          } else {
+            destination.clearField(field);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskUtil.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92458226a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.util;
+
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
+
+import com.google.common.base.CaseFormat;
+import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
+import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
+import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
+import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.FieldMask;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Utility helper functions to work with {@link com.google.protobuf.FieldMask}.
+ */
+public class FieldMaskUtil {
+  private static final String FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR = ",";
+  private static final String FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR_REGEX = ",";
+  private static final String FIELD_SEPARATOR_REGEX = "\\.";
+
+  private FieldMaskUtil() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Converts a FieldMask to a string.
+   */
+  public static String toString(FieldMask fieldMask) {
+    // TODO(xiaofeng): Consider using com.google.common.base.Joiner here instead.
+    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+    boolean first = true;
+    for (String value : fieldMask.getPathsList()) {
+      if (value.isEmpty()) {
+        // Ignore empty paths.
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (first) {
+        first = false;
+      } else {
+        result.append(FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR);
+      }
+      result.append(value);
+    }
+    return result.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses from a string to a FieldMask.
+   */
+  public static FieldMask fromString(String value) {
+    // TODO(xiaofeng): Consider using com.google.common.base.Splitter here instead.
+    return fromStringList(null, Arrays.asList(value.split(FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR_REGEX)));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parses from a string to a FieldMask and validates all field paths.
+   *
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any of the field path is invalid.
+   */
+  public static FieldMask fromString(Class<? extends Message> type, String value) {
+    // TODO(xiaofeng): Consider using com.google.common.base.Splitter here instead.
+    return fromStringList(type, Arrays.asList(value.split(FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR_REGEX)));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a FieldMask for a list of field paths in a certain type.
+   *
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any of the field path is not valid.
+   */
+  // TODO(xiaofeng): Consider renaming fromStrings()
+  public static FieldMask fromStringList(Class<? extends Message> type, Iterable<String> paths) {
+    FieldMask.Builder builder = FieldMask.newBuilder();
+    for (String path : paths) {
+      if (path.isEmpty()) {
+        // Ignore empty field paths.
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (type != null && !isValid(type, path)) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(path + " is not a valid path for " + type);
+      }
+      builder.addPaths(path);
+    }
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a FieldMask from the passed field numbers.
+   *
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any of the fields are invalid for the message.
+   */
+  public static FieldMask fromFieldNumbers(Class<? extends Message> type, int... fieldNumbers) {
+    return fromFieldNumbers(type, Ints.asList(fieldNumbers));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a FieldMask from the passed field numbers.
+   *
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any of the fields are invalid for the message.
+   */
+  public static FieldMask fromFieldNumbers(
+      Class<? extends Message> type, Iterable<Integer> fieldNumbers) {
+    Descriptor descriptor = Internal.getDefaultInstance(type).getDescriptorForType();
+
+    FieldMask.Builder builder = FieldMask.newBuilder();
+    for (Integer fieldNumber : fieldNumbers) {
+      FieldDescriptor field = descriptor.findFieldByNumber(fieldNumber);
+      checkArgument(
+          field != null,
+          String.format("%s is not a valid field number for %s.", fieldNumber, type));
+      builder.addPaths(field.getName());
+    }
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts a field mask to a Proto3 JSON string, that is converting from snake case to camel
+   * case and joining all paths into one string with commas.
+   */
+  public static String toJsonString(FieldMask fieldMask) {
+    List<String> paths = new ArrayList<String>(fieldMask.getPathsCount());
+    for (String path : fieldMask.getPathsList()) {
+      if (path.isEmpty()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      paths.add(CaseFormat.LOWER_UNDERSCORE.to(CaseFormat.LOWER_CAMEL, path));
+    }
+    return Joiner.on(FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR).join(paths);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts a field mask from a Proto3 JSON string, that is splitting the paths along commas and
+   * converting from camel case to snake case.
+   */
+  public static FieldMask fromJsonString(String value) {
+    Iterable<String> paths = Splitter.on(FIELD_PATH_SEPARATOR).split(value);
+    FieldMask.Builder builder = FieldMask.newBuilder();
+    for (String path : paths) {
+      if (path.isEmpty()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      builder.addPaths(CaseFormat.LOWER_CAMEL.to(CaseFormat.LOWER_UNDERSCORE, path));
+    }
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks whether paths in a given fields mask are valid.
+   */
+  public static boolean isValid(Class<? extends Message> type, FieldMask fieldMask) {
+    Descriptor descriptor = Internal.getDefaultInstance(type).getDescriptorForType();
+
+    return isValid(descriptor, fieldMask);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks whether paths in a given fields mask are valid.
+   */
+  public static boolean isValid(Descriptor descriptor, FieldMask fieldMask) {
+    for (String path : fieldMask.getPathsList()) {
+      if (!isValid(descriptor, path)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks whether a given field path is valid.
+   */
+  public static boolean isValid(Class<? extends Message> type, String path) {
+    Descriptor descriptor = Internal.getDefaultInstance(type).getDescriptorForType();
+
+    return isValid(descriptor, path);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks whether paths in a given fields mask are valid.
+   */
+  public static boolean isValid(Descriptor descriptor, String path) {
+    String[] parts = path.split(FIELD_SEPARATOR_REGEX);
+    if (parts.length == 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (String name : parts) {
+      if (descriptor == null) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      FieldDescriptor field = descriptor.findFieldByName(name);
+      if (field == null) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (!field.isRepeated() && field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        descriptor = field.getMessageType();
+      } else {
+        descriptor = null;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts a FieldMask to its canonical form. In the canonical form of a
+   * FieldMask, all field paths are sorted alphabetically and redundant field
+   * paths are removed.
+   */
+  public static FieldMask normalize(FieldMask mask) {
+    return new FieldMaskTree(mask).toFieldMask();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a union of two or more FieldMasks.
+   */
+  public static FieldMask union(
+      FieldMask firstMask, FieldMask secondMask, FieldMask... otherMasks) {
+    FieldMaskTree maskTree = new FieldMaskTree(firstMask).mergeFromFieldMask(secondMask);
+    for (FieldMask mask : otherMasks) {
+      maskTree.mergeFromFieldMask(mask);
+    }
+    return maskTree.toFieldMask();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculates the intersection of two FieldMasks.
+   */
+  public static FieldMask intersection(FieldMask mask1, FieldMask mask2) {
+    FieldMaskTree tree = new FieldMaskTree(mask1);
+    FieldMaskTree result = new FieldMaskTree();
+    for (String path : mask2.getPathsList()) {
+      tree.intersectFieldPath(path, result);
+    }
+    return result.toFieldMask();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Options to customize merging behavior.
+   */
+  public static final class MergeOptions {
+    private boolean replaceMessageFields = false;
+    private boolean replaceRepeatedFields = false;
+    // TODO(b/28277137): change the default behavior to always replace primitive fields after
+    // fixing all failing TAP tests.
+    private boolean replacePrimitiveFields = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether to replace message fields (i.e., discard existing content in
+     * destination message fields).
+     */
+    public boolean replaceMessageFields() {
+      return replaceMessageFields;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether to replace repeated fields (i.e., discard existing content in
+     * destination repeated fields).
+     */
+    public boolean replaceRepeatedFields() {
+      return replaceRepeatedFields;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether to replace primitive (non-repeated and non-message) fields in
+     * destination message fields with the source primitive fields (i.e., clear
+     * destination field if source field is not set).
+     */
+    public boolean replacePrimitiveFields() {
+      return replacePrimitiveFields;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Specify whether to replace message fields. Defaults to false.
+     *
+     * <p>If true, discard existing content in destination message fields when merging.
+     *
+     * <p>If false, merge the source message field into the destination message field.
+     */
+    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+    public MergeOptions setReplaceMessageFields(boolean value) {
+      replaceMessageFields = value;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Specify whether to replace repeated fields. Defaults to false.
+     *
+     * <p>If true, discard existing content in destination repeated fields) when merging.
+     *
+     * <p>If false, append elements from source repeated field to the destination repeated field.
+     */
+    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+    public MergeOptions setReplaceRepeatedFields(boolean value) {
+      replaceRepeatedFields = value;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Specify whether to replace primitive (non-repeated and non-message) fields in destination
+     * message fields with the source primitive fields. Defaults to false.
+     *
+     * <p>If true, set the value of the destination primitive field to the source primitive field if
+     * the source field is set, but clear the destination field otherwise.
+     *
+     * <p>If false, always set the value of the destination primitive field to the source primitive
+     * field, and if the source field is unset, the default value of the source field is copied to
+     * the destination.
+     */
+    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+    public MergeOptions setReplacePrimitiveFields(boolean value) {
+      replacePrimitiveFields = value;
+      return this;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merges fields specified by a FieldMask from one message to another with the specified merge
+   * options. The destination will remain unchanged if an empty FieldMask is provided.
+   */
+  public static void merge(
+      FieldMask mask, Message source, Message.Builder destination, MergeOptions options) {
+    new FieldMaskTree(mask).merge(source, destination, options);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merges fields specified by a FieldMask from one message to another.
+   */
+  public static void merge(FieldMask mask, Message source, Message.Builder destination) {
+    merge(mask, source, destination, new MergeOptions());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormat.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormat.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9bcf8970
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormat.java
@@ -0,0 +1,2010 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.util;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding;
+import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
+import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
+import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
+import com.google.gson.JsonIOException;
+import com.google.gson.JsonNull;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
+import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
+import com.google.gson.JsonPrimitive;
+import com.google.gson.stream.JsonReader;
+import com.google.protobuf.Any;
+import com.google.protobuf.BoolValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
+import com.google.protobuf.BytesValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.DoubleValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Duration;
+import com.google.protobuf.DynamicMessage;
+import com.google.protobuf.FieldMask;
+import com.google.protobuf.FloatValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Int32Value;
+import com.google.protobuf.Int64Value;
+import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+import com.google.protobuf.ListValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder;
+import com.google.protobuf.NullValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.StringValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Struct;
+import com.google.protobuf.Timestamp;
+import com.google.protobuf.UInt32Value;
+import com.google.protobuf.UInt64Value;
+import com.google.protobuf.Value;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.text.ParseException;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * Utility classes to convert protobuf messages to/from JSON format. The JSON
+ * format follows Proto3 JSON specification and only proto3 features are
+ * supported. Proto2 only features (e.g., extensions and unknown fields) will
+ * be discarded in the conversion. That is, when converting proto2 messages
+ * to JSON format, extensions and unknown fields will be treated as if they
+ * do not exist. This applies to proto2 messages embedded in proto3 messages
+ * as well.
+ */
+public class JsonFormat {
+  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(JsonFormat.class.getName());
+
+  private JsonFormat() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a {@link Printer} with default configurations.
+   */
+  public static Printer printer() {
+    return new Printer(
+        com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry(),
+        TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry(),
+        /* alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields */ false,
+        /* includingDefaultValueFields */ Collections.<FieldDescriptor>emptySet(),
+        /* preservingProtoFieldNames */ false,
+        /* omittingInsignificantWhitespace */ false,
+        /* printingEnumsAsInts */ false,
+        /* sortingMapKeys */ false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A Printer converts protobuf message to JSON format.
+   */
+  public static class Printer {
+    private final com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry registry;
+    private final TypeRegistry oldRegistry;
+    // NOTE: There are 3 states for these *defaultValueFields variables:
+    // 1) Default - alwaysOutput is false & including is empty set. Fields only output if they are
+    //    set to non-default values.
+    // 2) No-args includingDefaultValueFields() called - alwaysOutput is true & including is
+    //    irrelevant (but set to empty set). All fields are output regardless of their values.
+    // 3) includingDefaultValueFields(Set<FieldDescriptor>) called - alwaysOutput is false &
+    //    including is set to the specified set. Fields in that set are always output & fields not
+    //    in that set are only output if set to non-default values.
+    private boolean alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields;
+    private Set<FieldDescriptor> includingDefaultValueFields;
+    private final boolean preservingProtoFieldNames;
+    private final boolean omittingInsignificantWhitespace;
+    private final boolean printingEnumsAsInts;
+    private final boolean sortingMapKeys;
+
+    private Printer(
+        com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry registry,
+        TypeRegistry oldRegistry,
+        boolean alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields,
+        Set<FieldDescriptor> includingDefaultValueFields,
+        boolean preservingProtoFieldNames,
+        boolean omittingInsignificantWhitespace,
+        boolean printingEnumsAsInts,
+        boolean sortingMapKeys) {
+      this.registry = registry;
+      this.oldRegistry = oldRegistry;
+      this.alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields = alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields;
+      this.includingDefaultValueFields = includingDefaultValueFields;
+      this.preservingProtoFieldNames = preservingProtoFieldNames;
+      this.omittingInsignificantWhitespace = omittingInsignificantWhitespace;
+      this.printingEnumsAsInts = printingEnumsAsInts;
+      this.sortingMapKeys = sortingMapKeys;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Printer} using the given registry. The new Printer clones all other
+     * configurations from the current {@link Printer}.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a registry is already set.
+     */
+    public Printer usingTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry oldRegistry) {
+      if (this.oldRegistry != TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry()
+          || this.registry != com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only one registry is allowed.");
+      }
+      return new Printer(
+          com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry(),
+          oldRegistry,
+          alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields,
+          includingDefaultValueFields,
+          preservingProtoFieldNames,
+          omittingInsignificantWhitespace,
+          printingEnumsAsInts,
+          sortingMapKeys);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Printer} using the given registry. The new Printer clones all other
+     * configurations from the current {@link Printer}.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a registry is already set.
+     */
+    public Printer usingTypeRegistry(com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry registry) {
+      if (this.oldRegistry != TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry()
+          || this.registry != com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only one registry is allowed.");
+      }
+      return new Printer(
+          registry,
+          oldRegistry,
+          alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields,
+          includingDefaultValueFields,
+          preservingProtoFieldNames,
+          omittingInsignificantWhitespace,
+          printingEnumsAsInts,
+          sortingMapKeys);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Printer} that will also print fields set to their
+     * defaults. Empty repeated fields and map fields will be printed as well.
+     * The new Printer clones all other configurations from the current
+     * {@link Printer}.
+     */
+    public Printer includingDefaultValueFields() {
+      checkUnsetIncludingDefaultValueFields();
+      return new Printer(
+          registry,
+          oldRegistry,
+          true,
+          Collections.<FieldDescriptor>emptySet(),
+          preservingProtoFieldNames,
+          omittingInsignificantWhitespace,
+          printingEnumsAsInts,
+          sortingMapKeys);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Printer} that will print enum field values as integers instead of as
+     * string.
+     * The new Printer clones all other configurations from the current
+     * {@link Printer}.
+     */
+    public Printer printingEnumsAsInts() {
+      checkUnsetPrintingEnumsAsInts();
+      return new Printer(
+          registry,
+          oldRegistry,
+          alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields,
+          Collections.<FieldDescriptor>emptySet(),
+          preservingProtoFieldNames,
+          omittingInsignificantWhitespace,
+          true,
+          sortingMapKeys);
+    }
+
+    private void checkUnsetPrintingEnumsAsInts() {
+      if (printingEnumsAsInts) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("JsonFormat printingEnumsAsInts has already been set.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Printer} that will also print default-valued fields if their
+     * FieldDescriptors are found in the supplied set. Empty repeated fields and map fields will be
+     * printed as well, if they match. The new Printer clones all other configurations from the
+     * current {@link Printer}. Call includingDefaultValueFields() with no args to unconditionally
+     * output all fields.
+     */
+    public Printer includingDefaultValueFields(Set<FieldDescriptor> fieldsToAlwaysOutput) {
+      Preconditions.checkArgument(
+          null != fieldsToAlwaysOutput && !fieldsToAlwaysOutput.isEmpty(),
+          "Non-empty Set must be supplied for includingDefaultValueFields.");
+
+      checkUnsetIncludingDefaultValueFields();
+      return new Printer(
+          registry,
+          oldRegistry,
+          false,
+          Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(fieldsToAlwaysOutput)),
+          preservingProtoFieldNames,
+          omittingInsignificantWhitespace,
+          printingEnumsAsInts,
+          sortingMapKeys);
+    }
+
+    private void checkUnsetIncludingDefaultValueFields() {
+      if (alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields || !includingDefaultValueFields.isEmpty()) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(
+            "JsonFormat includingDefaultValueFields has already been set.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Printer} that is configured to use the original proto
+     * field names as defined in the .proto file rather than converting them to
+     * lowerCamelCase. The new Printer clones all other configurations from the
+     * current {@link Printer}.
+     */
+    public Printer preservingProtoFieldNames() {
+      return new Printer(
+          registry,
+          oldRegistry,
+          alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields,
+          includingDefaultValueFields,
+          true,
+          omittingInsignificantWhitespace,
+          printingEnumsAsInts,
+          sortingMapKeys);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new {@link Printer} that will omit all insignificant whitespace in the JSON output.
+     * This new Printer clones all other configurations from the current Printer. Insignificant
+     * whitespace is defined by the JSON spec as whitespace that appear between JSON structural
+     * elements:
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ws = *(
+     * %x20 /              ; Space
+     * %x09 /              ; Horizontal tab
+     * %x0A /              ; Line feed or New line
+     * %x0D )              ; Carriage return
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * See <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7159">https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7159</a>
+     * current {@link Printer}.
+     */
+    public Printer omittingInsignificantWhitespace() {
+      return new Printer(
+          registry,
+          oldRegistry,
+          alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields,
+          includingDefaultValueFields,
+          preservingProtoFieldNames,
+          true,
+          printingEnumsAsInts,
+          sortingMapKeys);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new {@link Printer} that will sort the map keys in the JSON output.
+     *
+     * Use of this modifier is discouraged, the generated JSON messages are equivalent
+     * with and without this option set, but there are some corner caseuse cases that
+     * demand a stable output, while order of map keys is otherwise arbitrary.
+     *
+     * The generated order is not well-defined and should not be depended on, but
+     * it's stable.
+     *
+     * This new Printer clones all other configurations from the current {@link Printer}.
+     */
+    public Printer sortingMapKeys() {
+      return new Printer(
+          registry,
+          oldRegistry,
+          alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields,
+          includingDefaultValueFields,
+          preservingProtoFieldNames,
+          omittingInsignificantWhitespace,
+          printingEnumsAsInts,
+          true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a protobuf message to JSON format.
+     *
+     * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException if the message contains Any types that can't be
+     *     resolved.
+     * @throws IOException if writing to the output fails.
+     */
+    public void appendTo(MessageOrBuilder message, Appendable output) throws IOException {
+      // TODO(xiaofeng): Investigate the allocation overhead and optimize for
+      // mobile.
+      new PrinterImpl(
+              registry,
+              oldRegistry,
+              alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields,
+              includingDefaultValueFields,
+              preservingProtoFieldNames,
+              output,
+              omittingInsignificantWhitespace,
+              printingEnumsAsInts,
+              sortingMapKeys)
+          .print(message);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a protobuf message to JSON format. Throws exceptions if there
+     * are unknown Any types in the message.
+     */
+    public String print(MessageOrBuilder message) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        appendTo(message, builder);
+        return builder.toString();
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        // Unexpected IOException.
+        throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a {@link Parser} with default configuration.
+   */
+  public static Parser parser() {
+    return new Parser(
+        com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry(),
+        TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry(),
+        false,
+        Parser.DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A Parser parses JSON to protobuf message.
+   */
+  public static class Parser {
+    private final com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry registry;
+    private final TypeRegistry oldRegistry;
+    private final boolean ignoringUnknownFields;
+    private final int recursionLimit;
+
+    // The default parsing recursion limit is aligned with the proto binary parser.
+    private static final int DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT = 100;
+
+    private Parser(
+        com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry registry,
+        TypeRegistry oldRegistry,
+        boolean ignoreUnknownFields,
+        int recursionLimit) {
+      this.registry = registry;
+      this.oldRegistry = oldRegistry;
+      this.ignoringUnknownFields = ignoreUnknownFields;
+      this.recursionLimit = recursionLimit;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Parser} using the given registry. The new Parser clones all other
+     * configurations from this Parser.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a registry is already set.
+     */
+    public Parser usingTypeRegistry(TypeRegistry oldRegistry) {
+      if (this.oldRegistry != TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry()
+          || this.registry != com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only one registry is allowed.");
+      }
+      return new Parser(
+          com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry(),
+          oldRegistry,
+          ignoringUnknownFields,
+          recursionLimit);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Parser} using the given registry. The new Parser clones all other
+     * configurations from this Parser.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a registry is already set.
+     */
+    public Parser usingTypeRegistry(com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry registry) {
+      if (this.oldRegistry != TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry()
+          || this.registry != com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only one registry is allowed.");
+      }
+      return new Parser(registry, oldRegistry, ignoringUnknownFields, recursionLimit);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Parser} configured to not throw an exception when an unknown field is
+     * encountered. The new Parser clones all other configurations from this Parser.
+     */
+    public Parser ignoringUnknownFields() {
+      return new Parser(this.registry, oldRegistry, true, recursionLimit);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parses from JSON into a protobuf message.
+     *
+     * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException if the input is not valid JSON
+     *         format or there are unknown fields in the input.
+     */
+    public void merge(String json, Message.Builder builder) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      // TODO(xiaofeng): Investigate the allocation overhead and optimize for
+      // mobile.
+      new ParserImpl(registry, oldRegistry, ignoringUnknownFields, recursionLimit)
+          .merge(json, builder);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parses from JSON into a protobuf message.
+     *
+     * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException if the input is not valid JSON
+     *         format or there are unknown fields in the input.
+     * @throws IOException if reading from the input throws.
+     */
+    public void merge(Reader json, Message.Builder builder) throws IOException {
+      // TODO(xiaofeng): Investigate the allocation overhead and optimize for
+      // mobile.
+      new ParserImpl(registry, oldRegistry, ignoringUnknownFields, recursionLimit)
+          .merge(json, builder);
+    }
+
+    // For testing only.
+    Parser usingRecursionLimit(int recursionLimit) {
+      return new Parser(registry, oldRegistry, ignoringUnknownFields, recursionLimit);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A TypeRegistry is used to resolve Any messages in the JSON conversion.
+   * You must provide a TypeRegistry containing all message types used in
+   * Any message fields, or the JSON conversion will fail because data
+   * in Any message fields is unrecognizable. You don't need to supply a
+   * TypeRegistry if you don't use Any message fields.
+   */
+  public static class TypeRegistry {
+    private static class EmptyTypeRegistryHolder {
+      private static final TypeRegistry EMPTY =
+          new TypeRegistry(Collections.<String, Descriptor>emptyMap());
+    }
+
+    public static TypeRegistry getEmptyTypeRegistry() {
+      return EmptyTypeRegistryHolder.EMPTY;
+    }
+
+    public static Builder newBuilder() {
+      return new Builder();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find a type by its full name. Returns null if it cannot be found in this {@link
+     * TypeRegistry}.
+     */
+    public Descriptor find(String name) {
+      return types.get(name);
+    }
+
+    /* @Nullable */
+    Descriptor getDescriptorForTypeUrl(String typeUrl) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return find(getTypeName(typeUrl));
+    }
+
+    private final Map<String, Descriptor> types;
+
+    private TypeRegistry(Map<String, Descriptor> types) {
+      this.types = types;
+    }
+
+
+    /** A Builder is used to build {@link TypeRegistry}. */
+    public static class Builder {
+      private Builder() {}
+
+      /**
+       * Adds a message type and all types defined in the same .proto file as well as all
+       * transitively imported .proto files to this {@link Builder}.
+       */
+      @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+      public Builder add(Descriptor messageType) {
+        if (types == null) {
+          throw new IllegalStateException("A TypeRegistry.Builder can only be used once.");
+        }
+        addFile(messageType.getFile());
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Adds message types and all types defined in the same .proto file as well as all
+       * transitively imported .proto files to this {@link Builder}.
+       */
+      @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+      public Builder add(Iterable<Descriptor> messageTypes) {
+        if (types == null) {
+          throw new IllegalStateException("A TypeRegistry.Builder can only be used once.");
+        }
+        for (Descriptor type : messageTypes) {
+          addFile(type.getFile());
+        }
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Builds a {@link TypeRegistry}. This method can only be called once for
+       * one Builder.
+       */
+      public TypeRegistry build() {
+        TypeRegistry result = new TypeRegistry(types);
+        // Make sure the built {@link TypeRegistry} is immutable.
+        types = null;
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      private void addFile(FileDescriptor file) {
+        // Skip the file if it's already added.
+        if (!files.add(file.getFullName())) {
+          return;
+        }
+        for (FileDescriptor dependency : file.getDependencies()) {
+          addFile(dependency);
+        }
+        for (Descriptor message : file.getMessageTypes()) {
+          addMessage(message);
+        }
+      }
+
+      private void addMessage(Descriptor message) {
+        for (Descriptor nestedType : message.getNestedTypes()) {
+          addMessage(nestedType);
+        }
+
+        if (types.containsKey(message.getFullName())) {
+          logger.warning("Type " + message.getFullName() + " is added multiple times.");
+          return;
+        }
+
+        types.put(message.getFullName(), message);
+      }
+
+      private final Set<String> files = new HashSet<String>();
+      private Map<String, Descriptor> types = new HashMap<String, Descriptor>();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * An interface for json formatting that can be used in
+   * combination with the omittingInsignificantWhitespace() method
+   */
+  interface TextGenerator {
+    void indent();
+
+    void outdent();
+
+    void print(final CharSequence text) throws IOException;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Format the json without indentation
+   */
+  private static final class CompactTextGenerator implements TextGenerator {
+    private final Appendable output;
+
+    private CompactTextGenerator(final Appendable output) {
+      this.output = output;
+    }
+
+    /** ignored by compact printer */
+    @Override
+    public void indent() {}
+
+    /** ignored by compact printer */
+    @Override
+    public void outdent() {}
+
+    /** Print text to the output stream. */
+    @Override
+    public void print(final CharSequence text) throws IOException {
+      output.append(text);
+    }
+  }
+  /**
+   * A TextGenerator adds indentation when writing formatted text.
+   */
+  private static final class PrettyTextGenerator implements TextGenerator {
+    private final Appendable output;
+    private final StringBuilder indent = new StringBuilder();
+    private boolean atStartOfLine = true;
+
+    private PrettyTextGenerator(final Appendable output) {
+      this.output = output;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indent text by two spaces. After calling Indent(), two spaces will be inserted at the
+     * beginning of each line of text. Indent() may be called multiple times to produce deeper
+     * indents.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void indent() {
+      indent.append("  ");
+    }
+
+    /** Reduces the current indent level by two spaces, or crashes if the indent level is zero. */
+    @Override
+    public void outdent() {
+      final int length = indent.length();
+      if (length < 2) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(" Outdent() without matching Indent().");
+      }
+      indent.delete(length - 2, length);
+    }
+
+    /** Print text to the output stream. */
+    @Override
+    public void print(final CharSequence text) throws IOException {
+      final int size = text.length();
+      int pos = 0;
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        if (text.charAt(i) == '\n') {
+          write(text.subSequence(pos, i + 1));
+          pos = i + 1;
+          atStartOfLine = true;
+        }
+      }
+      write(text.subSequence(pos, size));
+    }
+
+    private void write(final CharSequence data) throws IOException {
+      if (data.length() == 0) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (atStartOfLine) {
+        atStartOfLine = false;
+        output.append(indent);
+      }
+      output.append(data);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A Printer converts protobuf messages to JSON format.
+   */
+  private static final class PrinterImpl {
+    private final com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry registry;
+    private final TypeRegistry oldRegistry;
+    private final boolean alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields;
+    private final Set<FieldDescriptor> includingDefaultValueFields;
+    private final boolean preservingProtoFieldNames;
+    private final boolean printingEnumsAsInts;
+    private final boolean sortingMapKeys;
+    private final TextGenerator generator;
+    // We use Gson to help handle string escapes.
+    private final Gson gson;
+    private final CharSequence blankOrSpace;
+    private final CharSequence blankOrNewLine;
+
+    private static class GsonHolder {
+      private static final Gson DEFAULT_GSON = new GsonBuilder().create();
+    }
+
+    PrinterImpl(
+        com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry registry,
+        TypeRegistry oldRegistry,
+        boolean alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields,
+        Set<FieldDescriptor> includingDefaultValueFields,
+        boolean preservingProtoFieldNames,
+        Appendable jsonOutput,
+        boolean omittingInsignificantWhitespace,
+        boolean printingEnumsAsInts,
+        boolean sortingMapKeys) {
+      this.registry = registry;
+      this.oldRegistry = oldRegistry;
+      this.alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields = alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields;
+      this.includingDefaultValueFields = includingDefaultValueFields;
+      this.preservingProtoFieldNames = preservingProtoFieldNames;
+      this.printingEnumsAsInts = printingEnumsAsInts;
+      this.sortingMapKeys = sortingMapKeys;
+      this.gson = GsonHolder.DEFAULT_GSON;
+      // json format related properties, determined by printerType
+      if (omittingInsignificantWhitespace) {
+        this.generator = new CompactTextGenerator(jsonOutput);
+        this.blankOrSpace = "";
+        this.blankOrNewLine = "";
+      } else {
+        this.generator = new PrettyTextGenerator(jsonOutput);
+        this.blankOrSpace = " ";
+        this.blankOrNewLine = "\n";
+      }
+    }
+
+    void print(MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+      WellKnownTypePrinter specialPrinter =
+          wellKnownTypePrinters.get(message.getDescriptorForType().getFullName());
+      if (specialPrinter != null) {
+        specialPrinter.print(this, message);
+        return;
+      }
+      print(message, null);
+    }
+
+    private interface WellKnownTypePrinter {
+      void print(PrinterImpl printer, MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException;
+    }
+
+    private static final Map<String, WellKnownTypePrinter> wellKnownTypePrinters =
+        buildWellKnownTypePrinters();
+
+    private static Map<String, WellKnownTypePrinter> buildWellKnownTypePrinters() {
+      Map<String, WellKnownTypePrinter> printers = new HashMap<String, WellKnownTypePrinter>();
+      // Special-case Any.
+      printers.put(
+          Any.getDescriptor().getFullName(),
+          new WellKnownTypePrinter() {
+            @Override
+            public void print(PrinterImpl printer, MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+              printer.printAny(message);
+            }
+          });
+      // Special-case wrapper types.
+      WellKnownTypePrinter wrappersPrinter =
+          new WellKnownTypePrinter() {
+            @Override
+            public void print(PrinterImpl printer, MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+              printer.printWrapper(message);
+            }
+          };
+      printers.put(BoolValue.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      printers.put(Int32Value.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      printers.put(UInt32Value.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      printers.put(Int64Value.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      printers.put(UInt64Value.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      printers.put(StringValue.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      printers.put(BytesValue.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      printers.put(FloatValue.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      printers.put(DoubleValue.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      // Special-case Timestamp.
+      printers.put(
+          Timestamp.getDescriptor().getFullName(),
+          new WellKnownTypePrinter() {
+            @Override
+            public void print(PrinterImpl printer, MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+              printer.printTimestamp(message);
+            }
+          });
+      // Special-case Duration.
+      printers.put(
+          Duration.getDescriptor().getFullName(),
+          new WellKnownTypePrinter() {
+            @Override
+            public void print(PrinterImpl printer, MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+              printer.printDuration(message);
+            }
+          });
+      // Special-case FieldMask.
+      printers.put(
+          FieldMask.getDescriptor().getFullName(),
+          new WellKnownTypePrinter() {
+            @Override
+            public void print(PrinterImpl printer, MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+              printer.printFieldMask(message);
+            }
+          });
+      // Special-case Struct.
+      printers.put(
+          Struct.getDescriptor().getFullName(),
+          new WellKnownTypePrinter() {
+            @Override
+            public void print(PrinterImpl printer, MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+              printer.printStruct(message);
+            }
+          });
+      // Special-case Value.
+      printers.put(
+          Value.getDescriptor().getFullName(),
+          new WellKnownTypePrinter() {
+            @Override
+            public void print(PrinterImpl printer, MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+              printer.printValue(message);
+            }
+          });
+      // Special-case ListValue.
+      printers.put(
+          ListValue.getDescriptor().getFullName(),
+          new WellKnownTypePrinter() {
+            @Override
+            public void print(PrinterImpl printer, MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+              printer.printListValue(message);
+            }
+          });
+      return printers;
+    }
+
+    /** Prints google.protobuf.Any */
+    private void printAny(MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+      if (Any.getDefaultInstance().equals(message)) {
+        generator.print("{}");
+        return;
+      }
+      Descriptor descriptor = message.getDescriptorForType();
+      FieldDescriptor typeUrlField = descriptor.findFieldByName("type_url");
+      FieldDescriptor valueField = descriptor.findFieldByName("value");
+      // Validates type of the message. Note that we can't just cast the message
+      // to com.google.protobuf.Any because it might be a DynamicMessage.
+      if (typeUrlField == null
+          || valueField == null
+          || typeUrlField.getType() != FieldDescriptor.Type.STRING
+          || valueField.getType() != FieldDescriptor.Type.BYTES) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid Any type.");
+      }
+      String typeUrl = (String) message.getField(typeUrlField);
+      Descriptor type = registry.getDescriptorForTypeUrl(typeUrl);
+      if (type == null) {
+        type = oldRegistry.getDescriptorForTypeUrl(typeUrl);
+        if (type == null) {
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Cannot find type for url: " + typeUrl);
+        }
+      }
+      ByteString content = (ByteString) message.getField(valueField);
+      Message contentMessage =
+          DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(type).getParserForType().parseFrom(content);
+      WellKnownTypePrinter printer = wellKnownTypePrinters.get(getTypeName(typeUrl));
+      if (printer != null) {
+        // If the type is one of the well-known types, we use a special
+        // formatting.
+        generator.print("{" + blankOrNewLine);
+        generator.indent();
+        generator.print("\"@type\":" + blankOrSpace + gson.toJson(typeUrl) + "," + blankOrNewLine);
+        generator.print("\"value\":" + blankOrSpace);
+        printer.print(this, contentMessage);
+        generator.print(blankOrNewLine);
+        generator.outdent();
+        generator.print("}");
+      } else {
+        // Print the content message instead (with a "@type" field added).
+        print(contentMessage, typeUrl);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Prints wrapper types (e.g., google.protobuf.Int32Value) */
+    private void printWrapper(MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+      Descriptor descriptor = message.getDescriptorForType();
+      FieldDescriptor valueField = descriptor.findFieldByName("value");
+      if (valueField == null) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid Wrapper type.");
+      }
+      // When formatting wrapper types, we just print its value field instead of
+      // the whole message.
+      printSingleFieldValue(valueField, message.getField(valueField));
+    }
+
+    private ByteString toByteString(MessageOrBuilder message) {
+      if (message instanceof Message) {
+        return ((Message) message).toByteString();
+      } else {
+        return ((Message.Builder) message).build().toByteString();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Prints google.protobuf.Timestamp */
+    private void printTimestamp(MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+      Timestamp value = Timestamp.parseFrom(toByteString(message));
+      generator.print("\"" + Timestamps.toString(value) + "\"");
+    }
+
+    /** Prints google.protobuf.Duration */
+    private void printDuration(MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+      Duration value = Duration.parseFrom(toByteString(message));
+      generator.print("\"" + Durations.toString(value) + "\"");
+    }
+
+    /** Prints google.protobuf.FieldMask */
+    private void printFieldMask(MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+      FieldMask value = FieldMask.parseFrom(toByteString(message));
+      generator.print("\"" + FieldMaskUtil.toJsonString(value) + "\"");
+    }
+
+    /** Prints google.protobuf.Struct */
+    private void printStruct(MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+      Descriptor descriptor = message.getDescriptorForType();
+      FieldDescriptor field = descriptor.findFieldByName("fields");
+      if (field == null) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid Struct type.");
+      }
+      // Struct is formatted as a map object.
+      printMapFieldValue(field, message.getField(field));
+    }
+
+    /** Prints google.protobuf.Value */
+    private void printValue(MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+      // For a Value message, only the value of the field is formatted.
+      Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> fields = message.getAllFields();
+      if (fields.isEmpty()) {
+        // No value set.
+        generator.print("null");
+        return;
+      }
+      // A Value message can only have at most one field set (it only contains
+      // an oneof).
+      if (fields.size() != 1) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid Value type.");
+      }
+      for (Map.Entry<FieldDescriptor, Object> entry : fields.entrySet()) {
+        printSingleFieldValue(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Prints google.protobuf.ListValue */
+    private void printListValue(MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+      Descriptor descriptor = message.getDescriptorForType();
+      FieldDescriptor field = descriptor.findFieldByName("values");
+      if (field == null) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid ListValue type.");
+      }
+      printRepeatedFieldValue(field, message.getField(field));
+    }
+
+    /** Prints a regular message with an optional type URL. */
+    private void print(MessageOrBuilder message, String typeUrl) throws IOException {
+      generator.print("{" + blankOrNewLine);
+      generator.indent();
+
+      boolean printedField = false;
+      if (typeUrl != null) {
+        generator.print("\"@type\":" + blankOrSpace + gson.toJson(typeUrl));
+        printedField = true;
+      }
+      Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> fieldsToPrint = null;
+      if (alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields || !includingDefaultValueFields.isEmpty()) {
+        fieldsToPrint = new TreeMap<FieldDescriptor, Object>(message.getAllFields());
+        for (FieldDescriptor field : message.getDescriptorForType().getFields()) {
+          if (field.isOptional()) {
+            if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE
+                && !message.hasField(field)) {
+              // Always skip empty optional message fields. If not we will recurse indefinitely if
+              // a message has itself as a sub-field.
+              continue;
+            }
+            OneofDescriptor oneof = field.getContainingOneof();
+            if (oneof != null && !message.hasField(field)) {
+              // Skip all oneof fields except the one that is actually set
+              continue;
+            }
+          }
+          if (!fieldsToPrint.containsKey(field)
+              && (alwaysOutputDefaultValueFields || includingDefaultValueFields.contains(field))) {
+            fieldsToPrint.put(field, message.getField(field));
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        fieldsToPrint = message.getAllFields();
+      }
+      for (Map.Entry<FieldDescriptor, Object> field : fieldsToPrint.entrySet()) {
+        if (printedField) {
+          // Add line-endings for the previous field.
+          generator.print("," + blankOrNewLine);
+        } else {
+          printedField = true;
+        }
+        printField(field.getKey(), field.getValue());
+      }
+
+      // Add line-endings for the last field.
+      if (printedField) {
+        generator.print(blankOrNewLine);
+      }
+      generator.outdent();
+      generator.print("}");
+    }
+
+    private void printField(FieldDescriptor field, Object value) throws IOException {
+      if (preservingProtoFieldNames) {
+        generator.print("\"" + field.getName() + "\":" + blankOrSpace);
+      } else {
+        generator.print("\"" + field.getJsonName() + "\":" + blankOrSpace);
+      }
+      if (field.isMapField()) {
+        printMapFieldValue(field, value);
+      } else if (field.isRepeated()) {
+        printRepeatedFieldValue(field, value);
+      } else {
+        printSingleFieldValue(field, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+    private void printRepeatedFieldValue(FieldDescriptor field, Object value) throws IOException {
+      generator.print("[");
+      boolean printedElement = false;
+      for (Object element : (List) value) {
+        if (printedElement) {
+          generator.print("," + blankOrSpace);
+        } else {
+          printedElement = true;
+        }
+        printSingleFieldValue(field, element);
+      }
+      generator.print("]");
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+    private void printMapFieldValue(FieldDescriptor field, Object value) throws IOException {
+      Descriptor type = field.getMessageType();
+      FieldDescriptor keyField = type.findFieldByName("key");
+      FieldDescriptor valueField = type.findFieldByName("value");
+      if (keyField == null || valueField == null) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid map field.");
+      }
+      generator.print("{" + blankOrNewLine);
+      generator.indent();
+
+      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Object guaranteed to be a List for a map field.
+      Collection<Object> elements = (List<Object>) value;
+      if (sortingMapKeys && !elements.isEmpty()) {
+        Comparator<Object> cmp = null;
+        if (keyField.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.STRING) {
+          cmp = new Comparator<Object>() {
+            @Override
+            public int compare(final Object o1, final Object o2) {
+              ByteString s1 = ByteString.copyFromUtf8((String) o1);
+              ByteString s2 = ByteString.copyFromUtf8((String) o2);
+              return ByteString.unsignedLexicographicalComparator().compare(s1, s2);
+            }
+          };
+        }
+        TreeMap<Object, Object> tm = new TreeMap<Object, Object>(cmp);
+        for (Object element : elements) {
+          Message entry = (Message) element;
+          Object entryKey = entry.getField(keyField);
+          tm.put(entryKey, element);
+        }
+        elements = tm.values();
+      }
+
+      boolean printedElement = false;
+      for (Object element : elements) {
+        Message entry = (Message) element;
+        Object entryKey = entry.getField(keyField);
+        Object entryValue = entry.getField(valueField);
+        if (printedElement) {
+          generator.print("," + blankOrNewLine);
+        } else {
+          printedElement = true;
+        }
+        // Key fields are always double-quoted.
+        printSingleFieldValue(keyField, entryKey, true);
+        generator.print(":" + blankOrSpace);
+        printSingleFieldValue(valueField, entryValue);
+      }
+      if (printedElement) {
+        generator.print(blankOrNewLine);
+      }
+      generator.outdent();
+      generator.print("}");
+    }
+
+    private void printSingleFieldValue(FieldDescriptor field, Object value) throws IOException {
+      printSingleFieldValue(field, value, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prints a field's value in JSON format.
+     *
+     * @param alwaysWithQuotes whether to always add double-quotes to primitive
+     *        types.
+     */
+    private void printSingleFieldValue(
+        final FieldDescriptor field, final Object value, boolean alwaysWithQuotes)
+        throws IOException {
+      switch (field.getType()) {
+        case INT32:
+        case SINT32:
+        case SFIXED32:
+          if (alwaysWithQuotes) {
+            generator.print("\"");
+          }
+          generator.print(((Integer) value).toString());
+          if (alwaysWithQuotes) {
+            generator.print("\"");
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case INT64:
+        case SINT64:
+        case SFIXED64:
+          generator.print("\"" + ((Long) value).toString() + "\"");
+          break;
+
+        case BOOL:
+          if (alwaysWithQuotes) {
+            generator.print("\"");
+          }
+          if (((Boolean) value).booleanValue()) {
+            generator.print("true");
+          } else {
+            generator.print("false");
+          }
+          if (alwaysWithQuotes) {
+            generator.print("\"");
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case FLOAT:
+          Float floatValue = (Float) value;
+          if (floatValue.isNaN()) {
+            generator.print("\"NaN\"");
+          } else if (floatValue.isInfinite()) {
+            if (floatValue < 0) {
+              generator.print("\"-Infinity\"");
+            } else {
+              generator.print("\"Infinity\"");
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (alwaysWithQuotes) {
+              generator.print("\"");
+            }
+            generator.print(floatValue.toString());
+            if (alwaysWithQuotes) {
+              generator.print("\"");
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case DOUBLE:
+          Double doubleValue = (Double) value;
+          if (doubleValue.isNaN()) {
+            generator.print("\"NaN\"");
+          } else if (doubleValue.isInfinite()) {
+            if (doubleValue < 0) {
+              generator.print("\"-Infinity\"");
+            } else {
+              generator.print("\"Infinity\"");
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (alwaysWithQuotes) {
+              generator.print("\"");
+            }
+            generator.print(doubleValue.toString());
+            if (alwaysWithQuotes) {
+              generator.print("\"");
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case UINT32:
+        case FIXED32:
+          if (alwaysWithQuotes) {
+            generator.print("\"");
+          }
+          generator.print(unsignedToString((Integer) value));
+          if (alwaysWithQuotes) {
+            generator.print("\"");
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case UINT64:
+        case FIXED64:
+          generator.print("\"" + unsignedToString((Long) value) + "\"");
+          break;
+
+        case STRING:
+          generator.print(gson.toJson(value));
+          break;
+
+        case BYTES:
+          generator.print("\"");
+          generator.print(BaseEncoding.base64().encode(((ByteString) value).toByteArray()));
+          generator.print("\"");
+          break;
+
+        case ENUM:
+          // Special-case google.protobuf.NullValue (it's an Enum).
+          if (field.getEnumType().getFullName().equals("google.protobuf.NullValue")) {
+            // No matter what value it contains, we always print it as "null".
+            if (alwaysWithQuotes) {
+              generator.print("\"");
+            }
+            generator.print("null");
+            if (alwaysWithQuotes) {
+              generator.print("\"");
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (printingEnumsAsInts || ((EnumValueDescriptor) value).getIndex() == -1) {
+              generator.print(String.valueOf(((EnumValueDescriptor) value).getNumber()));
+            } else {
+              generator.print("\"" + ((EnumValueDescriptor) value).getName() + "\"");
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case MESSAGE:
+        case GROUP:
+          print((Message) value);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Convert an unsigned 32-bit integer to a string. */
+  private static String unsignedToString(final int value) {
+    if (value >= 0) {
+      return Integer.toString(value);
+    } else {
+      return Long.toString(value & 0x00000000FFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Convert an unsigned 64-bit integer to a string. */
+  private static String unsignedToString(final long value) {
+    if (value >= 0) {
+      return Long.toString(value);
+    } else {
+      // Pull off the most-significant bit so that BigInteger doesn't think
+      // the number is negative, then set it again using setBit().
+      return BigInteger.valueOf(value & Long.MAX_VALUE).setBit(Long.SIZE - 1).toString();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static String getTypeName(String typeUrl) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    String[] parts = typeUrl.split("/");
+    if (parts.length == 1) {
+      throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid type url found: " + typeUrl);
+    }
+    return parts[parts.length - 1];
+  }
+
+  private static class ParserImpl {
+    private final com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry registry;
+    private final TypeRegistry oldRegistry;
+    private final JsonParser jsonParser;
+    private final boolean ignoringUnknownFields;
+    private final int recursionLimit;
+    private int currentDepth;
+
+    ParserImpl(
+        com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry registry,
+        TypeRegistry oldRegistry,
+        boolean ignoreUnknownFields,
+        int recursionLimit) {
+      this.registry = registry;
+      this.oldRegistry = oldRegistry;
+      this.ignoringUnknownFields = ignoreUnknownFields;
+      this.jsonParser = new JsonParser();
+      this.recursionLimit = recursionLimit;
+      this.currentDepth = 0;
+    }
+
+    void merge(Reader json, Message.Builder builder) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        JsonReader reader = new JsonReader(json);
+        reader.setLenient(false);
+        merge(jsonParser.parse(reader), builder);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (JsonIOException e) {
+        // Unwrap IOException.
+        if (e.getCause() instanceof IOException) {
+          throw (IOException) e.getCause();
+        } else {
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(e.getMessage());
+        }
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        // We convert all exceptions from JSON parsing to our own exceptions.
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(e.getMessage());
+      }
+    }
+
+    void merge(String json, Message.Builder builder) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        JsonReader reader = new JsonReader(new StringReader(json));
+        reader.setLenient(false);
+        merge(jsonParser.parse(reader), builder);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        // We convert all exceptions from JSON parsing to our own exceptions.
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(e.getMessage());
+      }
+    }
+
+    private interface WellKnownTypeParser {
+      void merge(ParserImpl parser, JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+          throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+    }
+
+    private static final Map<String, WellKnownTypeParser> wellKnownTypeParsers =
+        buildWellKnownTypeParsers();
+
+    private static Map<String, WellKnownTypeParser> buildWellKnownTypeParsers() {
+      Map<String, WellKnownTypeParser> parsers = new HashMap<String, WellKnownTypeParser>();
+      // Special-case Any.
+      parsers.put(
+          Any.getDescriptor().getFullName(),
+          new WellKnownTypeParser() {
+            @Override
+            public void merge(ParserImpl parser, JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+                throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+              parser.mergeAny(json, builder);
+            }
+          });
+      // Special-case wrapper types.
+      WellKnownTypeParser wrappersPrinter =
+          new WellKnownTypeParser() {
+            @Override
+            public void merge(ParserImpl parser, JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+                throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+              parser.mergeWrapper(json, builder);
+            }
+          };
+      parsers.put(BoolValue.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      parsers.put(Int32Value.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      parsers.put(UInt32Value.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      parsers.put(Int64Value.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      parsers.put(UInt64Value.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      parsers.put(StringValue.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      parsers.put(BytesValue.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      parsers.put(FloatValue.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      parsers.put(DoubleValue.getDescriptor().getFullName(), wrappersPrinter);
+      // Special-case Timestamp.
+      parsers.put(
+          Timestamp.getDescriptor().getFullName(),
+          new WellKnownTypeParser() {
+            @Override
+            public void merge(ParserImpl parser, JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+                throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+              parser.mergeTimestamp(json, builder);
+            }
+          });
+      // Special-case Duration.
+      parsers.put(
+          Duration.getDescriptor().getFullName(),
+          new WellKnownTypeParser() {
+            @Override
+            public void merge(ParserImpl parser, JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+                throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+              parser.mergeDuration(json, builder);
+            }
+          });
+      // Special-case FieldMask.
+      parsers.put(
+          FieldMask.getDescriptor().getFullName(),
+          new WellKnownTypeParser() {
+            @Override
+            public void merge(ParserImpl parser, JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+                throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+              parser.mergeFieldMask(json, builder);
+            }
+          });
+      // Special-case Struct.
+      parsers.put(
+          Struct.getDescriptor().getFullName(),
+          new WellKnownTypeParser() {
+            @Override
+            public void merge(ParserImpl parser, JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+                throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+              parser.mergeStruct(json, builder);
+            }
+          });
+      // Special-case ListValue.
+      parsers.put(
+          ListValue.getDescriptor().getFullName(),
+          new WellKnownTypeParser() {
+            @Override
+            public void merge(ParserImpl parser, JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+                throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+              parser.mergeListValue(json, builder);
+            }
+          });
+      // Special-case Value.
+      parsers.put(
+          Value.getDescriptor().getFullName(),
+          new WellKnownTypeParser() {
+            @Override
+            public void merge(ParserImpl parser, JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+                throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+              parser.mergeValue(json, builder);
+            }
+          });
+      return parsers;
+    }
+
+    private void merge(JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      WellKnownTypeParser specialParser =
+          wellKnownTypeParsers.get(builder.getDescriptorForType().getFullName());
+      if (specialParser != null) {
+        specialParser.merge(this, json, builder);
+        return;
+      }
+      mergeMessage(json, builder, false);
+    }
+
+    // Maps from camel-case field names to FieldDescriptor.
+    private final Map<Descriptor, Map<String, FieldDescriptor>> fieldNameMaps =
+        new HashMap<Descriptor, Map<String, FieldDescriptor>>();
+
+    private Map<String, FieldDescriptor> getFieldNameMap(Descriptor descriptor) {
+      if (!fieldNameMaps.containsKey(descriptor)) {
+        Map<String, FieldDescriptor> fieldNameMap = new HashMap<String, FieldDescriptor>();
+        for (FieldDescriptor field : descriptor.getFields()) {
+          fieldNameMap.put(field.getName(), field);
+          fieldNameMap.put(field.getJsonName(), field);
+        }
+        fieldNameMaps.put(descriptor, fieldNameMap);
+        return fieldNameMap;
+      }
+      return fieldNameMaps.get(descriptor);
+    }
+
+    private void mergeMessage(JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder, boolean skipTypeUrl)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (!(json instanceof JsonObject)) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Expect message object but got: " + json);
+      }
+      JsonObject object = (JsonObject) json;
+      Map<String, FieldDescriptor> fieldNameMap = getFieldNameMap(builder.getDescriptorForType());
+      for (Map.Entry<String, JsonElement> entry : object.entrySet()) {
+        if (skipTypeUrl && entry.getKey().equals("@type")) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        FieldDescriptor field = fieldNameMap.get(entry.getKey());
+        if (field == null) {
+          if (ignoringUnknownFields) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+              "Cannot find field: "
+                  + entry.getKey()
+                  + " in message "
+                  + builder.getDescriptorForType().getFullName());
+        }
+        mergeField(field, entry.getValue(), builder);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void mergeAny(JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      Descriptor descriptor = builder.getDescriptorForType();
+      FieldDescriptor typeUrlField = descriptor.findFieldByName("type_url");
+      FieldDescriptor valueField = descriptor.findFieldByName("value");
+      // Validates type of the message. Note that we can't just cast the message
+      // to com.google.protobuf.Any because it might be a DynamicMessage.
+      if (typeUrlField == null
+          || valueField == null
+          || typeUrlField.getType() != FieldDescriptor.Type.STRING
+          || valueField.getType() != FieldDescriptor.Type.BYTES) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid Any type.");
+      }
+
+      if (!(json instanceof JsonObject)) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Expect message object but got: " + json);
+      }
+      JsonObject object = (JsonObject) json;
+      if (object.entrySet().isEmpty()) {
+        return; // builder never modified, so it will end up building the default instance of Any
+      }
+      JsonElement typeUrlElement = object.get("@type");
+      if (typeUrlElement == null) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Missing type url when parsing: " + json);
+      }
+      String typeUrl = typeUrlElement.getAsString();
+      Descriptor contentType = registry.getDescriptorForTypeUrl(typeUrl);
+      if (contentType == null) {
+        contentType = oldRegistry.getDescriptorForTypeUrl(typeUrl);
+        if (contentType == null) {
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Cannot resolve type: " + typeUrl);
+        }
+      }
+      builder.setField(typeUrlField, typeUrl);
+      Message.Builder contentBuilder =
+          DynamicMessage.getDefaultInstance(contentType).newBuilderForType();
+      WellKnownTypeParser specialParser = wellKnownTypeParsers.get(contentType.getFullName());
+      if (specialParser != null) {
+        JsonElement value = object.get("value");
+        if (value != null) {
+          specialParser.merge(this, value, contentBuilder);
+        }
+      } else {
+        mergeMessage(json, contentBuilder, true);
+      }
+      builder.setField(valueField, contentBuilder.build().toByteString());
+    }
+
+    private void mergeFieldMask(JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      FieldMask value = FieldMaskUtil.fromJsonString(json.getAsString());
+      builder.mergeFrom(value.toByteString());
+    }
+
+    private void mergeTimestamp(JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        Timestamp value = Timestamps.parse(json.getAsString());
+        builder.mergeFrom(value.toByteString());
+      } catch (ParseException e) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Failed to parse timestamp: " + json);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void mergeDuration(JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        Duration value = Durations.parse(json.getAsString());
+        builder.mergeFrom(value.toByteString());
+      } catch (ParseException e) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Failed to parse duration: " + json);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void mergeStruct(JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      Descriptor descriptor = builder.getDescriptorForType();
+      FieldDescriptor field = descriptor.findFieldByName("fields");
+      if (field == null) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid Struct type.");
+      }
+      mergeMapField(field, json, builder);
+    }
+
+    private void mergeListValue(JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      Descriptor descriptor = builder.getDescriptorForType();
+      FieldDescriptor field = descriptor.findFieldByName("values");
+      if (field == null) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid ListValue type.");
+      }
+      mergeRepeatedField(field, json, builder);
+    }
+
+    private void mergeValue(JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      Descriptor type = builder.getDescriptorForType();
+      if (json instanceof JsonPrimitive) {
+        JsonPrimitive primitive = (JsonPrimitive) json;
+        if (primitive.isBoolean()) {
+          builder.setField(type.findFieldByName("bool_value"), primitive.getAsBoolean());
+        } else if (primitive.isNumber()) {
+          builder.setField(type.findFieldByName("number_value"), primitive.getAsDouble());
+        } else {
+          builder.setField(type.findFieldByName("string_value"), primitive.getAsString());
+        }
+      } else if (json instanceof JsonObject) {
+        FieldDescriptor field = type.findFieldByName("struct_value");
+        Message.Builder structBuilder = builder.newBuilderForField(field);
+        merge(json, structBuilder);
+        builder.setField(field, structBuilder.build());
+      } else if (json instanceof JsonArray) {
+        FieldDescriptor field = type.findFieldByName("list_value");
+        Message.Builder listBuilder = builder.newBuilderForField(field);
+        merge(json, listBuilder);
+        builder.setField(field, listBuilder.build());
+      } else if (json instanceof JsonNull) {
+        builder.setField(
+            type.findFieldByName("null_value"), NullValue.NULL_VALUE.getValueDescriptor());
+      } else {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected json data: " + json);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void mergeWrapper(JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      Descriptor type = builder.getDescriptorForType();
+      FieldDescriptor field = type.findFieldByName("value");
+      if (field == null) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid wrapper type: " + type.getFullName());
+      }
+      builder.setField(field, parseFieldValue(field, json, builder));
+    }
+
+    private void mergeField(FieldDescriptor field, JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (field.isRepeated()) {
+        if (builder.getRepeatedFieldCount(field) > 0) {
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+              "Field " + field.getFullName() + " has already been set.");
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (builder.hasField(field)) {
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+              "Field " + field.getFullName() + " has already been set.");
+        }
+      }
+      if (field.isRepeated() && json instanceof JsonNull) {
+        // We allow "null" as value for all field types and treat it as if the
+        // field is not present.
+        return;
+      }
+      if (field.isMapField()) {
+        mergeMapField(field, json, builder);
+      } else if (field.isRepeated()) {
+        mergeRepeatedField(field, json, builder);
+      } else if (field.getContainingOneof() != null) {
+        mergeOneofField(field, json, builder);
+      } else {
+        Object value = parseFieldValue(field, json, builder);
+        if (value != null) {
+          // A field interpreted as "null" is means it's treated as absent.
+          builder.setField(field, value);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void mergeMapField(FieldDescriptor field, JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (!(json instanceof JsonObject)) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Expect a map object but found: " + json);
+      }
+      Descriptor type = field.getMessageType();
+      FieldDescriptor keyField = type.findFieldByName("key");
+      FieldDescriptor valueField = type.findFieldByName("value");
+      if (keyField == null || valueField == null) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid map field: " + field.getFullName());
+      }
+      JsonObject object = (JsonObject) json;
+      for (Map.Entry<String, JsonElement> entry : object.entrySet()) {
+        Message.Builder entryBuilder = builder.newBuilderForField(field);
+        Object key = parseFieldValue(keyField, new JsonPrimitive(entry.getKey()), entryBuilder);
+        Object value = parseFieldValue(valueField, entry.getValue(), entryBuilder);
+        if (value == null) {
+          if (ignoringUnknownFields && valueField.getType() == Type.ENUM) {
+            continue;
+          } else {
+            throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Map value cannot be null.");
+          }
+        }
+        entryBuilder.setField(keyField, key);
+        entryBuilder.setField(valueField, value);
+        builder.addRepeatedField(field, entryBuilder.build());
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void mergeOneofField(FieldDescriptor field, JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      Object value = parseFieldValue(field, json, builder);
+      if (value == null) {
+        // A field interpreted as "null" is means it's treated as absent.
+        return;
+      }
+      if (builder.getOneofFieldDescriptor(field.getContainingOneof()) != null) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+            "Cannot set field "
+                + field.getFullName()
+                + " because another field "
+                + builder.getOneofFieldDescriptor(field.getContainingOneof()).getFullName()
+                + " belonging to the same oneof has already been set ");
+      }
+      builder.setField(field, value);
+    }
+
+    private void mergeRepeatedField(
+        FieldDescriptor field, JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (!(json instanceof JsonArray)) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Expect an array but found: " + json);
+      }
+      JsonArray array = (JsonArray) json;
+      for (int i = 0; i < array.size(); ++i) {
+        Object value = parseFieldValue(field, array.get(i), builder);
+        if (value == null) {
+          if (ignoringUnknownFields && field.getType() == Type.ENUM) {
+            continue;
+          } else {
+            throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+                "Repeated field elements cannot be null in field: " + field.getFullName());
+          }
+        }
+        builder.addRepeatedField(field, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private int parseInt32(JsonElement json) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        return Integer.parseInt(json.getAsString());
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        // Fall through.
+      }
+      // JSON doesn't distinguish between integer values and floating point values so "1" and
+      // "1.000" are treated as equal in JSON. For this reason we accept floating point values for
+      // integer fields as well as long as it actually is an integer (i.e., round(value) == value).
+      try {
+        BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal(json.getAsString());
+        return value.intValueExact();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Not an int32 value: " + json);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private long parseInt64(JsonElement json) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        return Long.parseLong(json.getAsString());
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        // Fall through.
+      }
+      // JSON doesn't distinguish between integer values and floating point values so "1" and
+      // "1.000" are treated as equal in JSON. For this reason we accept floating point values for
+      // integer fields as well as long as it actually is an integer (i.e., round(value) == value).
+      try {
+        BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal(json.getAsString());
+        return value.longValueExact();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Not an int64 value: " + json);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private int parseUint32(JsonElement json) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        long result = Long.parseLong(json.getAsString());
+        if (result < 0 || result > 0xFFFFFFFFL) {
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Out of range uint32 value: " + json);
+        }
+        return (int) result;
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        // Fall through.
+      }
+      // JSON doesn't distinguish between integer values and floating point values so "1" and
+      // "1.000" are treated as equal in JSON. For this reason we accept floating point values for
+      // integer fields as well as long as it actually is an integer (i.e., round(value) == value).
+      try {
+        BigDecimal decimalValue = new BigDecimal(json.getAsString());
+        BigInteger value = decimalValue.toBigIntegerExact();
+        if (value.signum() < 0 || value.compareTo(new BigInteger("FFFFFFFF", 16)) > 0) {
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Out of range uint32 value: " + json);
+        }
+        return value.intValue();
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Not an uint32 value: " + json);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static final BigInteger MAX_UINT64 = new BigInteger("FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF", 16);
+
+    private long parseUint64(JsonElement json) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        BigDecimal decimalValue = new BigDecimal(json.getAsString());
+        BigInteger value = decimalValue.toBigIntegerExact();
+        if (value.compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) < 0 || value.compareTo(MAX_UINT64) > 0) {
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Out of range uint64 value: " + json);
+        }
+        return value.longValue();
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Not an uint64 value: " + json);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private boolean parseBool(JsonElement json) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (json.getAsString().equals("true")) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (json.getAsString().equals("false")) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid bool value: " + json);
+    }
+
+    private static final double EPSILON = 1e-6;
+
+    private float parseFloat(JsonElement json) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (json.getAsString().equals("NaN")) {
+        return Float.NaN;
+      } else if (json.getAsString().equals("Infinity")) {
+        return Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+      } else if (json.getAsString().equals("-Infinity")) {
+        return Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+      }
+      try {
+        // We don't use Float.parseFloat() here because that function simply
+        // accepts all double values. Here we parse the value into a Double
+        // and do explicit range check on it.
+        double value = Double.parseDouble(json.getAsString());
+        // When a float value is printed, the printed value might be a little
+        // larger or smaller due to precision loss. Here we need to add a bit
+        // of tolerance when checking whether the float value is in range.
+        if (value > Float.MAX_VALUE * (1.0 + EPSILON)
+            || value < -Float.MAX_VALUE * (1.0 + EPSILON)) {
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Out of range float value: " + json);
+        }
+        return (float) value;
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Not a float value: " + json);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static final BigDecimal MORE_THAN_ONE = new BigDecimal(String.valueOf(1.0 + EPSILON));
+    // When a float value is printed, the printed value might be a little
+    // larger or smaller due to precision loss. Here we need to add a bit
+    // of tolerance when checking whether the float value is in range.
+    private static final BigDecimal MAX_DOUBLE =
+        new BigDecimal(String.valueOf(Double.MAX_VALUE)).multiply(MORE_THAN_ONE);
+    private static final BigDecimal MIN_DOUBLE =
+        new BigDecimal(String.valueOf(-Double.MAX_VALUE)).multiply(MORE_THAN_ONE);
+
+    private double parseDouble(JsonElement json) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (json.getAsString().equals("NaN")) {
+        return Double.NaN;
+      } else if (json.getAsString().equals("Infinity")) {
+        return Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+      } else if (json.getAsString().equals("-Infinity")) {
+        return Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+      }
+      try {
+        // We don't use Double.parseDouble() here because that function simply
+        // accepts all values. Here we parse the value into a BigDecimal and do
+        // explicit range check on it.
+        BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal(json.getAsString());
+        if (value.compareTo(MAX_DOUBLE) > 0 || value.compareTo(MIN_DOUBLE) < 0) {
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Out of range double value: " + json);
+        }
+        return value.doubleValue();
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Not an double value: " + json);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private String parseString(JsonElement json) {
+      return json.getAsString();
+    }
+
+    private ByteString parseBytes(JsonElement json) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        return ByteString.copyFrom(BaseEncoding.base64().decode(json.getAsString()));
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        return ByteString.copyFrom(BaseEncoding.base64Url().decode(json.getAsString()));
+      }
+    }
+
+    private EnumValueDescriptor parseEnum(EnumDescriptor enumDescriptor, JsonElement json)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      String value = json.getAsString();
+      EnumValueDescriptor result = enumDescriptor.findValueByName(value);
+      if (result == null) {
+        // Try to interpret the value as a number.
+        try {
+          int numericValue = parseInt32(json);
+          if (enumDescriptor.getFile().getSyntax() == FileDescriptor.Syntax.PROTO3) {
+            result = enumDescriptor.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(numericValue);
+          } else {
+            result = enumDescriptor.findValueByNumber(numericValue);
+          }
+        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+          // Fall through. This exception is about invalid int32 value we get from parseInt32() but
+          // that's not the exception we want the user to see. Since result == null, we will throw
+          // an exception later.
+        }
+
+        if (result == null && !ignoringUnknownFields) {
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+              "Invalid enum value: " + value + " for enum type: " + enumDescriptor.getFullName());
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    private Object parseFieldValue(FieldDescriptor field, JsonElement json, Message.Builder builder)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (json instanceof JsonNull) {
+        if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE
+            && field.getMessageType().getFullName().equals(Value.getDescriptor().getFullName())) {
+          // For every other type, "null" means absence, but for the special
+          // Value message, it means the "null_value" field has been set.
+          Value value = Value.newBuilder().setNullValueValue(0).build();
+          return builder.newBuilderForField(field).mergeFrom(value.toByteString()).build();
+        } else if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.ENUM
+            && field.getEnumType().getFullName().equals(NullValue.getDescriptor().getFullName())) {
+          // If the type of the field is a NullValue, then the value should be explicitly set.
+          return field.getEnumType().findValueByNumber(0);
+        }
+        return null;
+      } else if (json instanceof JsonObject) {
+        if (field.getType() != FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE
+            && field.getType() != FieldDescriptor.Type.GROUP) {
+          // If the field type is primitive, but the json type is JsonObject rather than
+          // JsonElement, throw a type mismatch error.
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+              String.format("Invalid value: %s for expected type: %s", json, field.getType()));
+        }
+      }
+      switch (field.getType()) {
+        case INT32:
+        case SINT32:
+        case SFIXED32:
+          return parseInt32(json);
+
+        case INT64:
+        case SINT64:
+        case SFIXED64:
+          return parseInt64(json);
+
+        case BOOL:
+          return parseBool(json);
+
+        case FLOAT:
+          return parseFloat(json);
+
+        case DOUBLE:
+          return parseDouble(json);
+
+        case UINT32:
+        case FIXED32:
+          return parseUint32(json);
+
+        case UINT64:
+        case FIXED64:
+          return parseUint64(json);
+
+        case STRING:
+          return parseString(json);
+
+        case BYTES:
+          return parseBytes(json);
+
+        case ENUM:
+          return parseEnum(field.getEnumType(), json);
+
+        case MESSAGE:
+        case GROUP:
+          if (currentDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+            throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Hit recursion limit.");
+          }
+          ++currentDepth;
+          Message.Builder subBuilder = builder.newBuilderForField(field);
+          merge(json, subBuilder);
+          --currentDepth;
+          return subBuilder.build();
+
+        default:
+          throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Invalid field type: " + field.getType());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Structs.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Structs.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b1696ecdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Structs.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.util;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Struct;
+import com.google.protobuf.Value;
+
+/** Utilities to help create {@code google.protobuf.Struct} messages. */
+public final class Structs {
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a struct containing the key-value pair.
+   */
+  public static Struct of(String k1, Value v1) {
+    return Struct.newBuilder().putFields(k1, v1).build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a struct containing each of the key-value pairs.
+   *
+   * <p>Providing duplicate keys is undefined behavior.
+   */
+  public static Struct of(String k1, Value v1, String k2, Value v2) {
+    return Struct.newBuilder().putFields(k1, v1).putFields(k2, v2).build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a struct containing each of the key-value pairs.
+   *
+   * <p>Providing duplicate keys is undefined behavior.
+   */
+  public static Struct of(String k1, Value v1, String k2, Value v2, String k3, Value v3) {
+    return Struct.newBuilder().putFields(k1, v1).putFields(k2, v2).putFields(k3, v3).build();
+  }
+
+  private Structs() {}
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/TimeUtil.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/TimeUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ffb410fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/TimeUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.util;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Duration;
+import com.google.protobuf.Timestamp;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.text.ParseException;
+
+/**
+ * Utilities to help create/manipulate Timestamp/Duration
+ *
+ * @deprecated Use {@link Durations} and {@link Timestamps} instead.
+ */
+@Deprecated
+public final class TimeUtil {
+  // Timestamp for "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  public static final long TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MIN = -62135596800L;
+
+  // Timestamp for "9999-12-31T23:59:59Z"
+  public static final long TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MAX = 253402300799L;
+  public static final long DURATION_SECONDS_MIN = -315576000000L;
+  public static final long DURATION_SECONDS_MAX = 315576000000L;
+
+  private static final long NANOS_PER_SECOND = 1000000000;
+
+  private TimeUtil() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Convert Timestamp to RFC 3339 date string format. The output will always
+   * be Z-normalized and uses 3, 6 or 9 fractional digits as required to
+   * represent the exact value. Note that Timestamp can only represent time
+   * from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z. See
+   * https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt
+   *
+   * <p>Example of generated format: "1972-01-01T10:00:20.021Z"
+   *
+   * @return The string representation of the given timestamp.
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given timestamp is not in the
+   *         valid range.
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Timestamps#toString} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static String toString(Timestamp timestamp) {
+    return Timestamps.toString(timestamp);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse from RFC 3339 date string to Timestamp. This method accepts all
+   * outputs of {@link #toString(Timestamp)} and it also accepts any fractional
+   * digits (or none) and any offset as long as they fit into nano-seconds
+   * precision.
+   *
+   * <p>Example of accepted format: "1972-01-01T10:00:20.021-05:00"
+   *
+   * @return A Timestamp parsed from the string.
+   * @throws ParseException if parsing fails.
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Timestamps#parse} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Timestamp parseTimestamp(String value) throws ParseException {
+    return Timestamps.parse(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert Duration to string format. The string format will contains 3, 6,
+   * or 9 fractional digits depending on the precision required to represent
+   * the exact Duration value. For example: "1s", "1.010s", "1.000000100s",
+   * "-3.100s" The range that can be represented by Duration is from
+   * -315,576,000,000 to +315,576,000,000 inclusive (in seconds).
+   *
+   * @return The string representation of the given duration.
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given duration is not in the valid
+   *         range.
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Durations#toString} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static String toString(Duration duration) {
+    return Durations.toString(duration);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse from a string to produce a duration.
+   *
+   * @return A Duration parsed from the string.
+   * @throws ParseException if parsing fails.
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Durations#parse} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Duration parseDuration(String value) throws ParseException {
+    return Durations.parse(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a Timestamp from the number of milliseconds elapsed from the epoch.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Timestamps#fromMillis} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Timestamp createTimestampFromMillis(long milliseconds) {
+    return Timestamps.fromMillis(milliseconds);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a Duration from the number of milliseconds.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Durations#fromMillis} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Duration createDurationFromMillis(long milliseconds) {
+    return Durations.fromMillis(milliseconds);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Timestamp to the number of milliseconds elapsed from the epoch.
+   *
+   * <p>The result will be rounded down to the nearest millisecond. E.g., if the
+   * timestamp represents "1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", it will be rounded
+   * to -1 millisecond.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Timestamps#toMillis} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static long toMillis(Timestamp timestamp) {
+    return Timestamps.toMillis(timestamp);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Duration to the number of milliseconds.The result will be
+   * rounded towards 0 to the nearest millisecond. E.g., if the duration
+   * represents -1 nanosecond, it will be rounded to 0.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Durations#toMillis} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static long toMillis(Duration duration) {
+    return Durations.toMillis(duration);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a Timestamp from the number of microseconds elapsed from the epoch.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Timestamps#fromMicros} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Timestamp createTimestampFromMicros(long microseconds) {
+    return Timestamps.fromMicros(microseconds);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a Duration from the number of microseconds.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Durations#fromMicros} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Duration createDurationFromMicros(long microseconds) {
+    return Durations.fromMicros(microseconds);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Timestamp to the number of microseconds elapsed from the epoch.
+   *
+   * <p>The result will be rounded down to the nearest microsecond. E.g., if the
+   * timestamp represents "1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", it will be rounded
+   * to -1 millisecond.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Timestamps#toMicros} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static long toMicros(Timestamp timestamp) {
+    return Timestamps.toMicros(timestamp);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Duration to the number of microseconds.The result will be
+   * rounded towards 0 to the nearest microseconds. E.g., if the duration
+   * represents -1 nanosecond, it will be rounded to 0.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Durations#toMicros} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static long toMicros(Duration duration) {
+    return Durations.toMicros(duration);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a Timestamp from the number of nanoseconds elapsed from the epoch.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Timestamps#fromNanos} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Timestamp createTimestampFromNanos(long nanoseconds) {
+    return Timestamps.fromNanos(nanoseconds);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a Duration from the number of nanoseconds.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Durations#fromNanos} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Duration createDurationFromNanos(long nanoseconds) {
+    return Durations.fromNanos(nanoseconds);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Timestamp to the number of nanoseconds elapsed from the epoch.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Timestamps#toNanos} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static long toNanos(Timestamp timestamp) {
+    return Timestamps.toNanos(timestamp);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Duration to the number of nanoseconds.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Durations#toNanos} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static long toNanos(Duration duration) {
+    return Durations.toNanos(duration);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the current time.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@code Timestamps.fromMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Timestamp getCurrentTime() {
+    return Timestamps.fromMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the epoch.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@code Timestamps.fromMillis(0)} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Timestamp getEpoch() {
+    return Timestamp.getDefaultInstance();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate the difference between two timestamps.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Timestamps#between} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Duration distance(Timestamp from, Timestamp to) {
+    return Timestamps.between(from, to);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a duration to a timestamp.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Timestamps#add} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Timestamp add(Timestamp start, Duration length) {
+    return Timestamps.add(start, length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Subtract a duration from a timestamp.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Timestamps#subtract} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Timestamp subtract(Timestamp start, Duration length) {
+    return Timestamps.subtract(start, length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add two durations.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Durations#add} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Duration add(Duration d1, Duration d2) {
+    return Durations.add(d1, d2);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Subtract a duration from another.
+   *
+   * @deprecated Use {@link Durations#subtract} instead.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public static Duration subtract(Duration d1, Duration d2) {
+    return Durations.subtract(d1, d2);
+  }
+
+  // Multiplications and divisions.
+
+  // TODO(kak): Delete this.
+  @SuppressWarnings("DurationSecondsToDouble")
+  public static Duration multiply(Duration duration, double times) {
+    double result = duration.getSeconds() * times + duration.getNanos() * times / 1000000000.0;
+    if (result < Long.MIN_VALUE || result > Long.MAX_VALUE) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Result is out of valid range.");
+    }
+    long seconds = (long) result;
+    int nanos = (int) ((result - seconds) * 1000000000);
+    return normalizedDuration(seconds, nanos);
+  }
+
+  // TODO(kak): Delete this.
+  public static Duration divide(Duration duration, double value) {
+    return multiply(duration, 1.0 / value);
+  }
+
+  // TODO(kak): Delete this.
+  public static Duration multiply(Duration duration, long times) {
+    return createDurationFromBigInteger(toBigInteger(duration).multiply(toBigInteger(times)));
+  }
+
+  // TODO(kak): Delete this.
+  public static Duration divide(Duration duration, long times) {
+    return createDurationFromBigInteger(toBigInteger(duration).divide(toBigInteger(times)));
+  }
+
+  // TODO(kak): Delete this.
+  public static long divide(Duration d1, Duration d2) {
+    return toBigInteger(d1).divide(toBigInteger(d2)).longValue();
+  }
+
+  // TODO(kak): Delete this.
+  public static Duration remainder(Duration d1, Duration d2) {
+    return createDurationFromBigInteger(toBigInteger(d1).remainder(toBigInteger(d2)));
+  }
+
+  private static final BigInteger NANOS_PER_SECOND_BIG_INTEGER =
+      new BigInteger(String.valueOf(NANOS_PER_SECOND));
+
+  private static BigInteger toBigInteger(Duration duration) {
+    return toBigInteger(duration.getSeconds())
+        .multiply(NANOS_PER_SECOND_BIG_INTEGER)
+        .add(toBigInteger(duration.getNanos()));
+  }
+
+  private static BigInteger toBigInteger(long value) {
+    return new BigInteger(String.valueOf(value));
+  }
+
+  private static Duration createDurationFromBigInteger(BigInteger value) {
+    long seconds = value.divide(new BigInteger(String.valueOf(NANOS_PER_SECOND))).longValue();
+    int nanos = value.remainder(new BigInteger(String.valueOf(NANOS_PER_SECOND))).intValue();
+    return normalizedDuration(seconds, nanos);
+  }
+
+  private static Duration normalizedDuration(long seconds, int nanos) {
+    if (nanos <= -NANOS_PER_SECOND || nanos >= NANOS_PER_SECOND) {
+      seconds += nanos / NANOS_PER_SECOND;
+      nanos %= NANOS_PER_SECOND;
+    }
+    if (seconds > 0 && nanos < 0) {
+      nanos += NANOS_PER_SECOND;
+      seconds -= 1;
+    }
+    if (seconds < 0 && nanos > 0) {
+      nanos -= NANOS_PER_SECOND;
+      seconds += 1;
+    }
+    if (seconds < DURATION_SECONDS_MIN || seconds > DURATION_SECONDS_MAX) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Duration is out of valid range.");
+    }
+    return Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(seconds).setNanos(nanos).build();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Timestamps.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Timestamps.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c19ad5eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Timestamps.java
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.util;
+
+import static com.google.common.math.IntMath.checkedAdd;
+import static com.google.common.math.IntMath.checkedSubtract;
+import static com.google.common.math.LongMath.checkedAdd;
+import static com.google.common.math.LongMath.checkedMultiply;
+import static com.google.common.math.LongMath.checkedSubtract;
+
+import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Duration;
+import com.google.protobuf.Timestamp;
+import java.text.ParseException;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+
+/**
+ * Utilities to help create/manipulate {@code protobuf/timestamp.proto}. All operations throw an
+ * {@link IllegalArgumentException} if the input(s) are not {@linkplain #isValid(Timestamp) valid}.
+ */
+public final class Timestamps {
+
+  // Timestamp for "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+  static final long TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MIN = -62135596800L;
+
+  // Timestamp for "9999-12-31T23:59:59Z"
+  static final long TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MAX = 253402300799L;
+
+  static final long NANOS_PER_SECOND = 1000000000;
+  static final long NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND = 1000000;
+  static final long NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND = 1000;
+  static final long MILLIS_PER_SECOND = 1000;
+  static final long MICROS_PER_SECOND = 1000000;
+
+  /** A constant holding the minimum valid {@link Timestamp}, {@code 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z}. */
+  public static final Timestamp MIN_VALUE =
+      Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MIN).setNanos(0).build();
+
+  /**
+   * A constant holding the maximum valid {@link Timestamp}, {@code 9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z}.
+   */
+  public static final Timestamp MAX_VALUE =
+      Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MAX).setNanos(999999999).build();
+
+  /**
+   * A constant holding the {@link Timestamp} of epoch time, {@code 1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000000Z}.
+   */
+  public static final Timestamp EPOCH = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(0).setNanos(0).build();
+
+  private static final ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> timestampFormat =
+      new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>() {
+        @Override
+        protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue() {
+          return createTimestampFormat();
+        }
+      };
+
+  private static SimpleDateFormat createTimestampFormat() {
+    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss", Locale.ENGLISH);
+    GregorianCalendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
+    // We use Proleptic Gregorian Calendar (i.e., Gregorian calendar extends
+    // backwards to year one) for timestamp formating.
+    calendar.setGregorianChange(new Date(Long.MIN_VALUE));
+    sdf.setCalendar(calendar);
+    return sdf;
+  }
+
+  private Timestamps() {}
+
+  private static final Comparator<Timestamp> COMPARATOR =
+      new Comparator<Timestamp>() {
+        @Override
+        public int compare(Timestamp t1, Timestamp t2) {
+          checkValid(t1);
+          checkValid(t2);
+          int secDiff = Long.compare(t1.getSeconds(), t2.getSeconds());
+          return (secDiff != 0) ? secDiff : Integer.compare(t1.getNanos(), t2.getNanos());
+        }
+      };
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a {@link Comparator} for {@link Timestamp Timestamps} which sorts in increasing
+   * chronological order. Nulls and invalid {@link Timestamp Timestamps} are not allowed (see
+   * {@link #isValid}).
+   */
+  public static Comparator<Timestamp> comparator() {
+    return COMPARATOR;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compares two timestamps. The value returned is identical to what would be returned by: {@code
+   * Timestamps.comparator().compare(x, y)}.
+   *
+   * @return the value {@code 0} if {@code x == y}; a value less than {@code 0} if {@code x < y};
+   *     and a value greater than {@code 0} if {@code x > y}
+   */
+  public static int compare(Timestamp x, Timestamp y) {
+    return COMPARATOR.compare(x, y);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if the given {@link Timestamp} is valid. The {@code seconds} value must be in the
+   * range [-62,135,596,800, +253,402,300,799] (i.e., between 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z and
+   * 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z). The {@code nanos} value must be in the range [0, +999,999,999].
+   *
+   * <p><b>Note:</b> Negative second values with fractional seconds must still have non-negative
+   * nanos values that count forward in time.
+   */
+  public static boolean isValid(Timestamp timestamp) {
+    return isValid(timestamp.getSeconds(), timestamp.getNanos());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if the given number of seconds and nanos is a valid {@link Timestamp}. The {@code
+   * seconds} value must be in the range [-62,135,596,800, +253,402,300,799] (i.e., between
+   * 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z and 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z). The {@code nanos} value must be in the range
+   * [0, +999,999,999].
+   *
+   * <p><b>Note:</b> Negative second values with fractional seconds must still have non-negative
+   * nanos values that count forward in time.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static boolean isValid(long seconds, int nanos) {
+    if (seconds < TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MIN || seconds > TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MAX) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (nanos < 0 || nanos >= NANOS_PER_SECOND) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** Throws an {@link IllegalArgumentException} if the given {@link Timestamp} is not valid. */
+  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+  public static Timestamp checkValid(Timestamp timestamp) {
+    long seconds = timestamp.getSeconds();
+    int nanos = timestamp.getNanos();
+    if (!isValid(seconds, nanos)) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          String.format(
+              "Timestamp is not valid. See proto definition for valid values. "
+                  + "Seconds (%s) must be in range [-62,135,596,800, +253,402,300,799]. "
+                  + "Nanos (%s) must be in range [0, +999,999,999].",
+              seconds, nanos));
+    }
+    return timestamp;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builds the given builder and throws an {@link IllegalArgumentException} if it is not valid. See
+   * {@link #checkValid(Timestamp)}.
+   *
+   * @return A valid, built {@link Timestamp}.
+   */
+  public static Timestamp checkValid(Timestamp.Builder timestampBuilder) {
+    return checkValid(timestampBuilder.build());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert Timestamp to RFC 3339 date string format. The output will always be Z-normalized and
+   * uses 3, 6 or 9 fractional digits as required to represent the exact value. Note that Timestamp
+   * can only represent time from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z. See
+   * https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt
+   *
+   * <p>Example of generated format: "1972-01-01T10:00:20.021Z"
+   *
+   * @return The string representation of the given timestamp.
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given timestamp is not in the valid range.
+   */
+  public static String toString(Timestamp timestamp) {
+    checkValid(timestamp);
+
+    long seconds = timestamp.getSeconds();
+    int nanos = timestamp.getNanos();
+
+    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+    // Format the seconds part.
+    Date date = new Date(seconds * MILLIS_PER_SECOND);
+    result.append(timestampFormat.get().format(date));
+    // Format the nanos part.
+    if (nanos != 0) {
+      result.append(".");
+      result.append(formatNanos(nanos));
+    }
+    result.append("Z");
+    return result.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse from RFC 3339 date string to Timestamp. This method accepts all outputs of {@link
+   * #toString(Timestamp)} and it also accepts any fractional digits (or none) and any offset as
+   * long as they fit into nano-seconds precision.
+   *
+   * <p>Example of accepted format: "1972-01-01T10:00:20.021-05:00"
+   *
+   * @return A Timestamp parsed from the string.
+   * @throws ParseException if parsing fails.
+   */
+  public static Timestamp parse(String value) throws ParseException {
+    int dayOffset = value.indexOf('T');
+    if (dayOffset == -1) {
+      throw new ParseException("Failed to parse timestamp: invalid timestamp \"" + value + "\"", 0);
+    }
+    int timezoneOffsetPosition = value.indexOf('Z', dayOffset);
+    if (timezoneOffsetPosition == -1) {
+      timezoneOffsetPosition = value.indexOf('+', dayOffset);
+    }
+    if (timezoneOffsetPosition == -1) {
+      timezoneOffsetPosition = value.indexOf('-', dayOffset);
+    }
+    if (timezoneOffsetPosition == -1) {
+      throw new ParseException("Failed to parse timestamp: missing valid timezone offset.", 0);
+    }
+    // Parse seconds and nanos.
+    String timeValue = value.substring(0, timezoneOffsetPosition);
+    String secondValue = timeValue;
+    String nanoValue = "";
+    int pointPosition = timeValue.indexOf('.');
+    if (pointPosition != -1) {
+      secondValue = timeValue.substring(0, pointPosition);
+      nanoValue = timeValue.substring(pointPosition + 1);
+    }
+    Date date = timestampFormat.get().parse(secondValue);
+    long seconds = date.getTime() / MILLIS_PER_SECOND;
+    int nanos = nanoValue.isEmpty() ? 0 : parseNanos(nanoValue);
+    // Parse timezone offsets.
+    if (value.charAt(timezoneOffsetPosition) == 'Z') {
+      if (value.length() != timezoneOffsetPosition + 1) {
+        throw new ParseException(
+            "Failed to parse timestamp: invalid trailing data \""
+                + value.substring(timezoneOffsetPosition)
+                + "\"",
+            0);
+      }
+    } else {
+      String offsetValue = value.substring(timezoneOffsetPosition + 1);
+      long offset = parseTimezoneOffset(offsetValue);
+      if (value.charAt(timezoneOffsetPosition) == '+') {
+        seconds -= offset;
+      } else {
+        seconds += offset;
+      }
+    }
+    try {
+      return normalizedTimestamp(seconds, nanos);
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      throw new ParseException("Failed to parse timestamp: timestamp is out of range.", 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Create a Timestamp from the number of seconds elapsed from the epoch. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static Timestamp fromSeconds(long seconds) {
+    return normalizedTimestamp(seconds, 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Timestamp to the number of seconds elapsed from the epoch.
+   *
+   * <p>The result will be rounded down to the nearest second. E.g., if the timestamp represents
+   * "1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", it will be rounded to -1 second.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static long toSeconds(Timestamp timestamp) {
+    return checkValid(timestamp).getSeconds();
+  }
+
+  /** Create a Timestamp from the number of milliseconds elapsed from the epoch. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static Timestamp fromMillis(long milliseconds) {
+    return normalizedTimestamp(
+        milliseconds / MILLIS_PER_SECOND,
+        (int) (milliseconds % MILLIS_PER_SECOND * NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Timestamp to the number of milliseconds elapsed from the epoch.
+   *
+   * <p>The result will be rounded down to the nearest millisecond. E.g., if the timestamp
+   * represents "1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", it will be rounded to -1 millisecond.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static long toMillis(Timestamp timestamp) {
+    checkValid(timestamp);
+    return checkedAdd(
+        checkedMultiply(timestamp.getSeconds(), MILLIS_PER_SECOND),
+        timestamp.getNanos() / NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND);
+  }
+
+  /** Create a Timestamp from the number of microseconds elapsed from the epoch. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static Timestamp fromMicros(long microseconds) {
+    return normalizedTimestamp(
+        microseconds / MICROS_PER_SECOND,
+        (int) (microseconds % MICROS_PER_SECOND * NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a Timestamp to the number of microseconds elapsed from the epoch.
+   *
+   * <p>The result will be rounded down to the nearest microsecond. E.g., if the timestamp
+   * represents "1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", it will be rounded to -1 microsecond.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static long toMicros(Timestamp timestamp) {
+    checkValid(timestamp);
+    return checkedAdd(
+        checkedMultiply(timestamp.getSeconds(), MICROS_PER_SECOND),
+        timestamp.getNanos() / NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND);
+  }
+
+  /** Create a Timestamp from the number of nanoseconds elapsed from the epoch. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static Timestamp fromNanos(long nanoseconds) {
+    return normalizedTimestamp(
+        nanoseconds / NANOS_PER_SECOND, (int) (nanoseconds % NANOS_PER_SECOND));
+  }
+
+  /** Convert a Timestamp to the number of nanoseconds elapsed from the epoch. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // this is a legacy conversion API
+  public static long toNanos(Timestamp timestamp) {
+    checkValid(timestamp);
+    return checkedAdd(
+        checkedMultiply(timestamp.getSeconds(), NANOS_PER_SECOND), timestamp.getNanos());
+  }
+
+  /** Calculate the difference between two timestamps. */
+  public static Duration between(Timestamp from, Timestamp to) {
+    checkValid(from);
+    checkValid(to);
+    return Durations.normalizedDuration(
+        checkedSubtract(to.getSeconds(), from.getSeconds()),
+        checkedSubtract(to.getNanos(), from.getNanos()));
+  }
+
+  /** Add a duration to a timestamp. */
+  public static Timestamp add(Timestamp start, Duration length) {
+    checkValid(start);
+    Durations.checkValid(length);
+    return normalizedTimestamp(
+        checkedAdd(start.getSeconds(), length.getSeconds()),
+        checkedAdd(start.getNanos(), length.getNanos()));
+  }
+
+  /** Subtract a duration from a timestamp. */
+  public static Timestamp subtract(Timestamp start, Duration length) {
+    checkValid(start);
+    Durations.checkValid(length);
+    return normalizedTimestamp(
+        checkedSubtract(start.getSeconds(), length.getSeconds()),
+        checkedSubtract(start.getNanos(), length.getNanos()));
+  }
+
+  static Timestamp normalizedTimestamp(long seconds, int nanos) {
+    if (nanos <= -NANOS_PER_SECOND || nanos >= NANOS_PER_SECOND) {
+      seconds = checkedAdd(seconds, nanos / NANOS_PER_SECOND);
+      nanos = (int) (nanos % NANOS_PER_SECOND);
+    }
+    if (nanos < 0) {
+      nanos =
+          (int)
+              (nanos + NANOS_PER_SECOND); // no overflow since nanos is negative (and we're adding)
+      seconds = checkedSubtract(seconds, 1);
+    }
+    Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(seconds).setNanos(nanos).build();
+    return checkValid(timestamp);
+  }
+
+  private static long parseTimezoneOffset(String value) throws ParseException {
+    int pos = value.indexOf(':');
+    if (pos == -1) {
+      throw new ParseException("Invalid offset value: " + value, 0);
+    }
+    String hours = value.substring(0, pos);
+    String minutes = value.substring(pos + 1);
+    return (Long.parseLong(hours) * 60 + Long.parseLong(minutes)) * 60;
+  }
+
+  static int parseNanos(String value) throws ParseException {
+    int result = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
+      result = result * 10;
+      if (i < value.length()) {
+        if (value.charAt(i) < '0' || value.charAt(i) > '9') {
+          throw new ParseException("Invalid nanoseconds.", 0);
+        }
+        result += value.charAt(i) - '0';
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /** Format the nano part of a timestamp or a duration. */
+  static String formatNanos(int nanos) {
+    // Determine whether to use 3, 6, or 9 digits for the nano part.
+    if (nanos % NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND == 0) {
+      return String.format(Locale.ENGLISH, "%1$03d", nanos / NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND);
+    } else if (nanos % NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND == 0) {
+      return String.format(Locale.ENGLISH, "%1$06d", nanos / NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND);
+    } else {
+      return String.format(Locale.ENGLISH, "%1$09d", nanos);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Values.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Values.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b3ade2ddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Values.java
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.util;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.ListValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.NullValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Struct;
+import com.google.protobuf.Value;
+
+/** Utilities to help create {@code google.protobuf.Value} messages. */
+public final class Values {
+
+  private static final Value NULL_VALUE =
+      Value.newBuilder().setNullValue(NullValue.NULL_VALUE).build();
+
+  public static Value ofNull() {
+    return NULL_VALUE;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns a Value object with number set to value. */
+  public static Value of(boolean value) {
+    return Value.newBuilder().setBoolValue(value).build();
+  }
+
+  /** Returns a Value object with number set to value. */
+  public static Value of(double value) {
+    return Value.newBuilder().setNumberValue(value).build();
+  }
+
+  /** Returns a Value object with string set to value. */
+  public static Value of(String value) {
+    return Value.newBuilder().setStringValue(value).build();
+  }
+
+  /** Returns a Value object with struct set to value. */
+  public static Value of(Struct value) {
+    return Value.newBuilder().setStructValue(value).build();
+  }
+
+  /** Returns a Value with ListValue set to value. */
+  public static Value of(ListValue value) {
+    return Value.newBuilder().setListValue(value).build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a Value with ListValue set to the appending the result of calling {@link #of(Object)}
+   * on each element in the iterable.
+   */
+  public static Value of(Iterable<Value> values) {
+    Value.Builder valueBuilder = Value.newBuilder();
+    ListValue.Builder listValue = valueBuilder.getListValueBuilder();
+    listValue.addAllValues(values);
+    return valueBuilder.build();
+  }
+
+  private Values() {}
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskTreeTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskTreeTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..baae2244f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskTreeTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.util;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.DynamicMessage;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.UninitializedMessageException;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.NestedTestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequiredMessage;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+public class FieldMaskTreeTest extends TestCase {
+  public void testAddFieldPath() throws Exception {
+    FieldMaskTree tree = new FieldMaskTree();
+    assertEquals("", tree.toString());
+    tree.addFieldPath("");
+    assertEquals("", tree.toString());
+    // New branch.
+    tree.addFieldPath("foo");
+    assertEquals("foo", tree.toString());
+    // Redundant path.
+    tree.addFieldPath("foo");
+    assertEquals("foo", tree.toString());
+    // New branch.
+    tree.addFieldPath("bar.baz");
+    assertEquals("bar.baz,foo", tree.toString());
+    // Redundant sub-path.
+    tree.addFieldPath("foo.bar");
+    assertEquals("bar.baz,foo", tree.toString());
+    // New branch from a non-root node.
+    tree.addFieldPath("bar.quz");
+    assertEquals("bar.baz,bar.quz,foo", tree.toString());
+    // A path that matches several existing sub-paths.
+    tree.addFieldPath("bar");
+    assertEquals("bar,foo", tree.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testMergeFromFieldMask() throws Exception {
+    FieldMaskTree tree = new FieldMaskTree(FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo,bar.baz,bar.quz"));
+    assertEquals("bar.baz,bar.quz,foo", tree.toString());
+    tree.mergeFromFieldMask(FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo.bar,bar"));
+    assertEquals("bar,foo", tree.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testIntersectFieldPath() throws Exception {
+    FieldMaskTree tree = new FieldMaskTree(FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo,bar.baz,bar.quz"));
+    FieldMaskTree result = new FieldMaskTree();
+    // Empty path.
+    tree.intersectFieldPath("", result);
+    assertEquals("", result.toString());
+    // Non-exist path.
+    tree.intersectFieldPath("quz", result);
+    assertEquals("", result.toString());
+    // Sub-path of an existing leaf.
+    tree.intersectFieldPath("foo.bar", result);
+    assertEquals("foo.bar", result.toString());
+    // Match an existing leaf node.
+    tree.intersectFieldPath("foo", result);
+    assertEquals("foo", result.toString());
+    // Non-exist path.
+    tree.intersectFieldPath("bar.foo", result);
+    assertEquals("foo", result.toString());
+    // Match a non-leaf node.
+    tree.intersectFieldPath("bar", result);
+    assertEquals("bar.baz,bar.quz,foo", result.toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testMerge() throws Exception {
+    testMergeImpl(true);
+    testMergeImpl(false);
+    testMergeRequire(false);
+    testMergeRequire(true);
+  }
+
+  private void merge(
+      FieldMaskTree tree,
+      Message source,
+      Message.Builder builder,
+      FieldMaskUtil.MergeOptions options,
+      boolean useDynamicMessage)
+      throws Exception {
+    if (useDynamicMessage) {
+      Message.Builder newBuilder =
+          DynamicMessage.newBuilder(source.getDescriptorForType())
+              .mergeFrom(builder.buildPartial().toByteArray());
+      tree.merge(
+          DynamicMessage.newBuilder(source.getDescriptorForType())
+              .mergeFrom(source.toByteArray())
+              .build(),
+          newBuilder,
+          options);
+      builder.clear();
+      builder.mergeFrom(newBuilder.buildPartial());
+    } else {
+      tree.merge(source, builder, options);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void testMergeRequire(boolean useDynamicMessage) throws Exception {
+    TestRequired value = TestRequired.newBuilder().setA(4321).setB(8765).setC(233333).build();
+    TestRequiredMessage source = TestRequiredMessage.newBuilder().setRequiredMessage(value).build();
+
+    FieldMaskUtil.MergeOptions options = new FieldMaskUtil.MergeOptions();
+    TestRequiredMessage.Builder builder = TestRequiredMessage.newBuilder();
+    merge(
+        new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("required_message.a"),
+        source,
+        builder,
+        options,
+        useDynamicMessage);
+    assertTrue(builder.hasRequiredMessage());
+    assertTrue(builder.getRequiredMessage().hasA());
+    assertFalse(builder.getRequiredMessage().hasB());
+    assertFalse(builder.getRequiredMessage().hasC());
+    merge(
+        new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("required_message.b").addFieldPath("required_message.c"),
+        source,
+        builder,
+        options,
+        useDynamicMessage);
+    try {
+      assertEquals(builder.build(), source);
+    } catch (UninitializedMessageException e) {
+      throw new AssertionError("required field isn't set", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void testMergeImpl(boolean useDynamicMessage) throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes value =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalInt32(1234)
+            .setOptionalNestedMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(5678))
+            .addRepeatedInt32(4321)
+            .addRepeatedNestedMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(8765))
+            .build();
+    NestedTestAllTypes source =
+        NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .setPayload(value)
+            .setChild(NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder().setPayload(value))
+            .build();
+    // Now we have a message source with the following structure:
+    //   [root] -+- payload -+- optional_int32
+    //           |           +- optional_nested_message
+    //           |           +- repeated_int32
+    //           |           +- repeated_nested_message
+    //           |
+    //           +- child --- payload -+- optional_int32
+    //                                 +- optional_nested_message
+    //                                 +- repeated_int32
+    //                                 +- repeated_nested_message
+
+    FieldMaskUtil.MergeOptions options = new FieldMaskUtil.MergeOptions();
+
+    // Test merging with an empty FieldMask.
+    NestedTestAllTypes.Builder builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.getPayloadBuilder().addRepeatedInt32(1000);
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree(), source, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    NestedTestAllTypes.Builder expected = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    expected.getPayloadBuilder().addRepeatedInt32(1000);
+    assertEquals(expected.build(), builder.build());
+
+    // Test merging each individual field.
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("payload.optional_int32"),
+        source, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    expected = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    expected.getPayloadBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1234);
+    assertEquals(expected.build(), builder.build());
+
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("payload.optional_nested_message"),
+        source, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    expected = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    expected.getPayloadBuilder().setOptionalNestedMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(5678));
+    assertEquals(expected.build(), builder.build());
+
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("payload.repeated_int32"),
+        source, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    expected = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    expected.getPayloadBuilder().addRepeatedInt32(4321);
+    assertEquals(expected.build(), builder.build());
+
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("payload.repeated_nested_message"),
+        source, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    expected = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    expected.getPayloadBuilder().addRepeatedNestedMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(8765));
+    assertEquals(expected.build(), builder.build());
+
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    merge(
+        new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("child.payload.optional_int32"),
+        source,
+        builder,
+        options,
+        useDynamicMessage);
+    expected = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    expected.getChildBuilder().getPayloadBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1234);
+    assertEquals(expected.build(), builder.build());
+
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    merge(
+        new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("child.payload.optional_nested_message"),
+        source,
+        builder,
+        options,
+        useDynamicMessage);
+    expected = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    expected
+        .getChildBuilder()
+        .getPayloadBuilder()
+        .setOptionalNestedMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(5678));
+    assertEquals(expected.build(), builder.build());
+
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("child.payload.repeated_int32"),
+        source, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    expected = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    expected.getChildBuilder().getPayloadBuilder().addRepeatedInt32(4321);
+    assertEquals(expected.build(), builder.build());
+
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("child.payload.repeated_nested_message"),
+        source, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    expected = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    expected
+        .getChildBuilder()
+        .getPayloadBuilder()
+        .addRepeatedNestedMessage(NestedMessage.newBuilder().setBb(8765));
+    assertEquals(expected.build(), builder.build());
+
+    // Test merging all fields.
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("child").addFieldPath("payload"),
+        source, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    assertEquals(source, builder.build());
+
+    // Test repeated options.
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.getPayloadBuilder().addRepeatedInt32(1000);
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("payload.repeated_int32"),
+        source, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    // Default behavior is to append repeated fields.
+    assertEquals(2, builder.getPayload().getRepeatedInt32Count());
+    assertEquals(1000, builder.getPayload().getRepeatedInt32(0));
+    assertEquals(4321, builder.getPayload().getRepeatedInt32(1));
+    // Change to replace repeated fields.
+    options.setReplaceRepeatedFields(true);
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("payload.repeated_int32"),
+        source, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getPayload().getRepeatedInt32Count());
+    assertEquals(4321, builder.getPayload().getRepeatedInt32(0));
+
+    // Test message options.
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.getPayloadBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1000);
+    builder.getPayloadBuilder().setOptionalUint32(2000);
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("payload"),
+        source, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    // Default behavior is to merge message fields.
+    assertEquals(1234, builder.getPayload().getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(2000, builder.getPayload().getOptionalUint32());
+
+    // Test merging unset message fields.
+    NestedTestAllTypes clearedSource = source.toBuilder().clearPayload().build();
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("payload"),
+        clearedSource, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    assertEquals(false, builder.hasPayload());
+
+    // Skip a message field if they are unset in both source and target.
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("payload.optional_int32"),
+        clearedSource, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    assertEquals(false, builder.hasPayload());
+
+    // Change to replace message fields.
+    options.setReplaceMessageFields(true);
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.getPayloadBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1000);
+    builder.getPayloadBuilder().setOptionalUint32(2000);
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("payload"),
+        source, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    assertEquals(1234, builder.getPayload().getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getPayload().getOptionalUint32());
+
+    // Test merging unset message fields.
+    builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    builder.getPayloadBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1000);
+    builder.getPayloadBuilder().setOptionalUint32(2000);
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("payload"),
+        clearedSource, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    assertEquals(false, builder.hasPayload());
+
+    // Test merging unset primitive fields.
+    builder = source.toBuilder();
+    builder.getPayloadBuilder().clearOptionalInt32();
+    NestedTestAllTypes sourceWithPayloadInt32Unset = builder.build();
+    builder = source.toBuilder();
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("payload.optional_int32"),
+        sourceWithPayloadInt32Unset, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    assertEquals(true, builder.getPayload().hasOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getPayload().getOptionalInt32());
+
+    // Change to clear unset primitive fields.
+    options.setReplacePrimitiveFields(true);
+    builder = source.toBuilder();
+    merge(new FieldMaskTree().addFieldPath("payload.optional_int32"),
+        sourceWithPayloadInt32Unset, builder, options, useDynamicMessage);
+    assertEquals(true, builder.hasPayload());
+    assertEquals(false, builder.getPayload().hasOptionalInt32());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskUtilTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskUtilTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a9985705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/FieldMaskUtilTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.util;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.FieldMask;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.NestedTestAllTypes;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link FieldMaskUtil}. */
+public class FieldMaskUtilTest extends TestCase {
+  public void testIsValid() throws Exception {
+    assertTrue(FieldMaskUtil.isValid(NestedTestAllTypes.class, "payload"));
+    assertFalse(FieldMaskUtil.isValid(NestedTestAllTypes.class, "nonexist"));
+    assertTrue(FieldMaskUtil.isValid(NestedTestAllTypes.class, "payload.optional_int32"));
+    assertTrue(FieldMaskUtil.isValid(NestedTestAllTypes.class, "payload.repeated_int32"));
+    assertTrue(FieldMaskUtil.isValid(NestedTestAllTypes.class, "payload.optional_nested_message"));
+    assertTrue(FieldMaskUtil.isValid(NestedTestAllTypes.class, "payload.repeated_nested_message"));
+    assertFalse(FieldMaskUtil.isValid(NestedTestAllTypes.class, "payload.nonexist"));
+
+    assertTrue(
+        FieldMaskUtil.isValid(NestedTestAllTypes.class, FieldMaskUtil.fromString("payload")));
+    assertFalse(
+        FieldMaskUtil.isValid(NestedTestAllTypes.class, FieldMaskUtil.fromString("nonexist")));
+    assertFalse(
+        FieldMaskUtil.isValid(
+            NestedTestAllTypes.class, FieldMaskUtil.fromString("payload,nonexist")));
+
+    assertTrue(FieldMaskUtil.isValid(NestedTestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), "payload"));
+    assertFalse(FieldMaskUtil.isValid(NestedTestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), "nonexist"));
+
+    assertTrue(
+        FieldMaskUtil.isValid(
+            NestedTestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), FieldMaskUtil.fromString("payload")));
+    assertFalse(
+        FieldMaskUtil.isValid(
+            NestedTestAllTypes.getDescriptor(), FieldMaskUtil.fromString("nonexist")));
+
+    assertTrue(
+        FieldMaskUtil.isValid(NestedTestAllTypes.class, "payload.optional_nested_message.bb"));
+    // Repeated fields cannot have sub-paths.
+    assertFalse(
+        FieldMaskUtil.isValid(NestedTestAllTypes.class, "payload.repeated_nested_message.bb"));
+    // Non-message fields cannot have sub-paths.
+    assertFalse(FieldMaskUtil.isValid(NestedTestAllTypes.class, "payload.optional_int32.bb"));
+  }
+
+  public void testToString() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals("", FieldMaskUtil.toString(FieldMask.getDefaultInstance()));
+    FieldMask mask = FieldMask.newBuilder().addPaths("foo").build();
+    assertEquals("foo", FieldMaskUtil.toString(mask));
+    mask = FieldMask.newBuilder().addPaths("foo").addPaths("bar").build();
+    assertEquals("foo,bar", FieldMaskUtil.toString(mask));
+
+    // Empty field paths are ignored.
+    mask =
+        FieldMask.newBuilder()
+            .addPaths("")
+            .addPaths("foo")
+            .addPaths("")
+            .addPaths("bar")
+            .addPaths("")
+            .build();
+    assertEquals("foo,bar", FieldMaskUtil.toString(mask));
+  }
+
+  public void testFromString() throws Exception {
+    FieldMask mask = FieldMaskUtil.fromString("");
+    assertEquals(0, mask.getPathsCount());
+    mask = FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo");
+    assertEquals(1, mask.getPathsCount());
+    assertEquals("foo", mask.getPaths(0));
+    mask = FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo,bar.baz");
+    assertEquals(2, mask.getPathsCount());
+    assertEquals("foo", mask.getPaths(0));
+    assertEquals("bar.baz", mask.getPaths(1));
+
+    // Empty field paths are ignore.
+    mask = FieldMaskUtil.fromString(",foo,,bar,");
+    assertEquals(2, mask.getPathsCount());
+    assertEquals("foo", mask.getPaths(0));
+    assertEquals("bar", mask.getPaths(1));
+
+    // Check whether the field paths are valid if a class parameter is provided.
+    mask = FieldMaskUtil.fromString(NestedTestAllTypes.class, ",payload");
+
+    try {
+      mask = FieldMaskUtil.fromString(NestedTestAllTypes.class, "payload,nonexist");
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testFromFieldNumbers() throws Exception {
+    FieldMask mask = FieldMaskUtil.fromFieldNumbers(TestAllTypes.class);
+    assertEquals(0, mask.getPathsCount());
+    mask =
+        FieldMaskUtil.fromFieldNumbers(
+            TestAllTypes.class, TestAllTypes.OPTIONAL_INT32_FIELD_NUMBER);
+    assertEquals(1, mask.getPathsCount());
+    assertEquals("optional_int32", mask.getPaths(0));
+    mask =
+        FieldMaskUtil.fromFieldNumbers(
+            TestAllTypes.class,
+            TestAllTypes.OPTIONAL_INT32_FIELD_NUMBER,
+            TestAllTypes.OPTIONAL_INT64_FIELD_NUMBER);
+    assertEquals(2, mask.getPathsCount());
+    assertEquals("optional_int32", mask.getPaths(0));
+    assertEquals("optional_int64", mask.getPaths(1));
+
+    try {
+      int invalidFieldNumber = 1000;
+      mask = FieldMaskUtil.fromFieldNumbers(TestAllTypes.class, invalidFieldNumber);
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testToJsonString() throws Exception {
+    FieldMask mask = FieldMask.getDefaultInstance();
+    assertEquals("", FieldMaskUtil.toJsonString(mask));
+    mask = FieldMask.newBuilder().addPaths("foo").build();
+    assertEquals("foo", FieldMaskUtil.toJsonString(mask));
+    mask = FieldMask.newBuilder().addPaths("foo.bar_baz").addPaths("").build();
+    assertEquals("foo.barBaz", FieldMaskUtil.toJsonString(mask));
+    mask = FieldMask.newBuilder().addPaths("foo").addPaths("bar_baz").build();
+    assertEquals("foo,barBaz", FieldMaskUtil.toJsonString(mask));
+  }
+
+  public void testFromJsonString() throws Exception {
+    FieldMask mask = FieldMaskUtil.fromJsonString("");
+    assertEquals(0, mask.getPathsCount());
+    mask = FieldMaskUtil.fromJsonString("foo");
+    assertEquals(1, mask.getPathsCount());
+    assertEquals("foo", mask.getPaths(0));
+    mask = FieldMaskUtil.fromJsonString("foo.barBaz");
+    assertEquals(1, mask.getPathsCount());
+    assertEquals("foo.bar_baz", mask.getPaths(0));
+    mask = FieldMaskUtil.fromJsonString("foo,barBaz");
+    assertEquals(2, mask.getPathsCount());
+    assertEquals("foo", mask.getPaths(0));
+    assertEquals("bar_baz", mask.getPaths(1));
+  }
+
+  public void testUnion() throws Exception {
+    // Only test a simple case here and expect
+    // {@link FieldMaskTreeTest#testAddFieldPath} to cover all scenarios.
+    FieldMask mask1 = FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo,bar.baz,bar.quz");
+    FieldMask mask2 = FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo.bar,bar");
+    FieldMask result = FieldMaskUtil.union(mask1, mask2);
+    assertEquals("bar,foo", FieldMaskUtil.toString(result));
+  }
+
+  public void testUnion_usingVarArgs() throws Exception {
+    FieldMask mask1 = FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo");
+    FieldMask mask2 = FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo.bar,bar.quz");
+    FieldMask mask3 = FieldMaskUtil.fromString("bar.quz");
+    FieldMask mask4 = FieldMaskUtil.fromString("bar");
+    FieldMask result = FieldMaskUtil.union(mask1, mask2, mask3, mask4);
+    assertEquals("bar,foo", FieldMaskUtil.toString(result));
+  }
+
+  public void testIntersection() throws Exception {
+    // Only test a simple case here and expect
+    // {@link FieldMaskTreeTest#testIntersectFieldPath} to cover all scenarios.
+    FieldMask mask1 = FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo,bar.baz,bar.quz");
+    FieldMask mask2 = FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo.bar,bar");
+    FieldMask result = FieldMaskUtil.intersection(mask1, mask2);
+    assertEquals("bar.baz,bar.quz,foo.bar", FieldMaskUtil.toString(result));
+  }
+
+  public void testMerge() throws Exception {
+    // Only test a simple case here and expect
+    // {@link FieldMaskTreeTest#testMerge} to cover all scenarios.
+    NestedTestAllTypes source =
+        NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .setPayload(TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1234))
+            .build();
+    NestedTestAllTypes.Builder builder = NestedTestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    FieldMaskUtil.merge(FieldMaskUtil.fromString("payload"), source, builder);
+    assertEquals(1234, builder.getPayload().getOptionalInt32());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormatTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a06483192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1787 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.util;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Any;
+import com.google.protobuf.BoolValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
+import com.google.protobuf.BytesValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.DoubleValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.FloatValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Int32Value;
+import com.google.protobuf.Int64Value;
+import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+import com.google.protobuf.ListValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.NullValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.StringValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Struct;
+import com.google.protobuf.UInt32Value;
+import com.google.protobuf.UInt64Value;
+import com.google.protobuf.Value;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.JsonFormat.TypeRegistry;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.proto.JsonTestProto.TestAllTypes;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.proto.JsonTestProto.TestAllTypes.AliasedEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.proto.JsonTestProto.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.proto.JsonTestProto.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.proto.JsonTestProto.TestAny;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.proto.JsonTestProto.TestCustomJsonName;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.proto.JsonTestProto.TestDuration;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.proto.JsonTestProto.TestFieldMask;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.proto.JsonTestProto.TestMap;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.proto.JsonTestProto.TestOneof;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.proto.JsonTestProto.TestRecursive;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.proto.JsonTestProto.TestStruct;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.proto.JsonTestProto.TestTimestamp;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.proto.JsonTestProto.TestWrappers;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Set;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+public class JsonFormatTest extends TestCase {
+  public JsonFormatTest() {
+    // Test that locale does not affect JsonFormat.
+    Locale.setDefault(Locale.forLanguageTag("hi-IN"));
+  }
+
+  private void setAllFields(TestAllTypes.Builder builder) {
+    builder.setOptionalInt32(1234);
+    builder.setOptionalInt64(1234567890123456789L);
+    builder.setOptionalUint32(5678);
+    builder.setOptionalUint64(2345678901234567890L);
+    builder.setOptionalSint32(9012);
+    builder.setOptionalSint64(3456789012345678901L);
+    builder.setOptionalFixed32(3456);
+    builder.setOptionalFixed64(4567890123456789012L);
+    builder.setOptionalSfixed32(7890);
+    builder.setOptionalSfixed64(5678901234567890123L);
+    builder.setOptionalFloat(1.5f);
+    builder.setOptionalDouble(1.25);
+    builder.setOptionalBool(true);
+    builder.setOptionalString("Hello world!");
+    builder.setOptionalBytes(ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {0, 1, 2}));
+    builder.setOptionalNestedEnum(NestedEnum.BAR);
+    builder.getOptionalNestedMessageBuilder().setValue(100);
+
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(1234);
+    builder.addRepeatedInt64(1234567890123456789L);
+    builder.addRepeatedUint32(5678);
+    builder.addRepeatedUint64(2345678901234567890L);
+    builder.addRepeatedSint32(9012);
+    builder.addRepeatedSint64(3456789012345678901L);
+    builder.addRepeatedFixed32(3456);
+    builder.addRepeatedFixed64(4567890123456789012L);
+    builder.addRepeatedSfixed32(7890);
+    builder.addRepeatedSfixed64(5678901234567890123L);
+    builder.addRepeatedFloat(1.5f);
+    builder.addRepeatedDouble(1.25);
+    builder.addRepeatedBool(true);
+    builder.addRepeatedString("Hello world!");
+    builder.addRepeatedBytes(ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {0, 1, 2}));
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(NestedEnum.BAR);
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedMessageBuilder().setValue(100);
+
+    builder.addRepeatedInt32(234);
+    builder.addRepeatedInt64(234567890123456789L);
+    builder.addRepeatedUint32(678);
+    builder.addRepeatedUint64(345678901234567890L);
+    builder.addRepeatedSint32(012);
+    builder.addRepeatedSint64(456789012345678901L);
+    builder.addRepeatedFixed32(456);
+    builder.addRepeatedFixed64(567890123456789012L);
+    builder.addRepeatedSfixed32(890);
+    builder.addRepeatedSfixed64(678901234567890123L);
+    builder.addRepeatedFloat(11.5f);
+    builder.addRepeatedDouble(11.25);
+    builder.addRepeatedBool(true);
+    builder.addRepeatedString("ello world!");
+    builder.addRepeatedBytes(ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {1, 2}));
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedEnum(NestedEnum.BAZ);
+    builder.addRepeatedNestedMessageBuilder().setValue(200);
+  }
+
+  private void assertRoundTripEquals(Message message) throws Exception {
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message, TypeRegistry.getEmptyTypeRegistry());
+  }
+
+  private void assertRoundTripEquals(Message message, TypeRegistry registry) throws Exception {
+    JsonFormat.Printer printer = JsonFormat.printer().usingTypeRegistry(registry);
+    JsonFormat.Parser parser = JsonFormat.parser().usingTypeRegistry(registry);
+    Message.Builder builder = message.newBuilderForType();
+    parser.merge(printer.print(message), builder);
+    Message parsedMessage = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.toString(), parsedMessage.toString());
+  }
+
+  private void assertRoundTripEquals(Message message, com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry registry)
+      throws Exception {
+    JsonFormat.Printer printer = JsonFormat.printer().usingTypeRegistry(registry);
+    JsonFormat.Parser parser = JsonFormat.parser().usingTypeRegistry(registry);
+    Message.Builder builder = message.newBuilderForType();
+    parser.merge(printer.print(message), builder);
+    Message parsedMessage = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(message.toString(), parsedMessage.toString());
+  }
+
+  private String toJsonString(Message message) throws IOException {
+    return JsonFormat.printer().print(message);
+  }
+  private String toCompactJsonString(Message message) throws IOException {
+    return JsonFormat.printer().omittingInsignificantWhitespace().print(message);
+  }
+  private String toSortedJsonString(Message message) throws IOException {
+    return JsonFormat.printer().sortingMapKeys().print(message);
+  }
+
+  private void mergeFromJson(String json, Message.Builder builder) throws IOException {
+    JsonFormat.parser().merge(json, builder);
+  }
+
+  private void mergeFromJsonIgnoringUnknownFields(String json, Message.Builder builder)
+      throws IOException {
+    JsonFormat.parser().ignoringUnknownFields().merge(json, builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testAllFields() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"optionalInt32\": 1234,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalInt64\": \"1234567890123456789\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalUint32\": 5678,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalUint64\": \"2345678901234567890\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalSint32\": 9012,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalSint64\": \"3456789012345678901\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFixed32\": 3456,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFixed64\": \"4567890123456789012\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalSfixed32\": 7890,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalSfixed64\": \"5678901234567890123\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFloat\": 1.5,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalDouble\": 1.25,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalBool\": true,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalString\": \"Hello world!\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalBytes\": \"AAEC\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalNestedMessage\": {\n"
+            + "    \"value\": 100\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"optionalNestedEnum\": \"BAR\",\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedInt32\": [1234, 234],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedInt64\": [\"1234567890123456789\", \"234567890123456789\"],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedUint32\": [5678, 678],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedUint64\": [\"2345678901234567890\", \"345678901234567890\"],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedSint32\": [9012, 10],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedSint64\": [\"3456789012345678901\", \"456789012345678901\"],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedFixed32\": [3456, 456],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedFixed64\": [\"4567890123456789012\", \"567890123456789012\"],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedSfixed32\": [7890, 890],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedSfixed64\": [\"5678901234567890123\", \"678901234567890123\"],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedFloat\": [1.5, 11.5],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedDouble\": [1.25, 11.25],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedBool\": [true, true],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedString\": [\"Hello world!\", \"ello world!\"],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedBytes\": [\"AAEC\", \"AQI=\"],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedNestedMessage\": [{\n"
+            + "    \"value\": 100\n"
+            + "  }, {\n"
+            + "    \"value\": 200\n"
+            + "  }],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedNestedEnum\": [\"BAR\", \"BAZ\"]\n"
+            + "}",
+        toJsonString(message));
+
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownEnumValues() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .setOptionalNestedEnumValue(12345)
+            .addRepeatedNestedEnumValue(12345)
+            .addRepeatedNestedEnumValue(0)
+            .build();
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"optionalNestedEnum\": 12345,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedNestedEnum\": [12345, \"FOO\"]\n"
+            + "}",
+        toJsonString(message));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message);
+
+    TestMap.Builder mapBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    mapBuilder.putInt32ToEnumMapValue(1, 0);
+    mapBuilder.putInt32ToEnumMapValue(2, 12345);
+    TestMap mapMessage = mapBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToEnumMap\": {\n"
+            + "    \"1\": \"FOO\",\n"
+            + "    \"2\": 12345\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}",
+        toJsonString(mapMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(mapMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testSpecialFloatValues() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message =
+        TestAllTypes.newBuilder()
+            .addRepeatedFloat(Float.NaN)
+            .addRepeatedFloat(Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY)
+            .addRepeatedFloat(Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(Double.NaN)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY)
+            .addRepeatedDouble(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY)
+            .build();
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedFloat\": [\"NaN\", \"Infinity\", \"-Infinity\"],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedDouble\": [\"NaN\", \"Infinity\", \"-Infinity\"]\n"
+            + "}",
+        toJsonString(message));
+
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testParserAcceptStringForNumericField() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    mergeFromJson(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"optionalInt32\": \"1234\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalUint32\": \"5678\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalSint32\": \"9012\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFixed32\": \"3456\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalSfixed32\": \"7890\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFloat\": \"1.5\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalDouble\": \"1.25\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalBool\": \"true\"\n"
+            + "}",
+        builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getOptionalInt32());
+    assertEquals(5678, message.getOptionalUint32());
+    assertEquals(9012, message.getOptionalSint32());
+    assertEquals(3456, message.getOptionalFixed32());
+    assertEquals(7890, message.getOptionalSfixed32());
+    assertEquals(1.5f, message.getOptionalFloat(), 0.0f);
+    assertEquals(1.25, message.getOptionalDouble(), 0.0);
+    assertEquals(true, message.getOptionalBool());
+  }
+
+  public void testParserAcceptFloatingPointValueForIntegerField() throws Exception {
+    // Test that numeric values like "1.000", "1e5" will also be accepted.
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    mergeFromJson(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedInt32\": [1.000, 1e5, \"1.000\", \"1e5\"],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedUint32\": [1.000, 1e5, \"1.000\", \"1e5\"],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedInt64\": [1.000, 1e5, \"1.000\", \"1e5\"],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedUint64\": [1.000, 1e5, \"1.000\", \"1e5\"]\n"
+            + "}",
+        builder);
+    int[] expectedValues = new int[] {1, 100000, 1, 100000};
+    assertEquals(4, builder.getRepeatedInt32Count());
+    assertEquals(4, builder.getRepeatedUint32Count());
+    assertEquals(4, builder.getRepeatedInt64Count());
+    assertEquals(4, builder.getRepeatedUint64Count());
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+      assertEquals(expectedValues[i], builder.getRepeatedInt32(i));
+      assertEquals(expectedValues[i], builder.getRepeatedUint32(i));
+      assertEquals(expectedValues[i], builder.getRepeatedInt64(i));
+      assertEquals(expectedValues[i], builder.getRepeatedUint64(i));
+    }
+
+    // Non-integers will still be rejected.
+    assertRejects("optionalInt32", "1.5");
+    assertRejects("optionalUint32", "1.5");
+    assertRejects("optionalInt64", "1.5");
+    assertRejects("optionalUint64", "1.5");
+  }
+
+  private void assertRejects(String name, String value) {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      // Numeric form is rejected.
+      mergeFromJson("{\"" + name + "\":" + value + "}", builder);
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+    try {
+      // String form is also rejected.
+      mergeFromJson("{\"" + name + "\":\"" + value + "\"}", builder);
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertAccepts(String name, String value) throws IOException {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    // Both numeric form and string form are accepted.
+    mergeFromJson("{\"" + name + "\":" + value + "}", builder);
+    builder.clear();
+    mergeFromJson("{\"" + name + "\":\"" + value + "\"}", builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testParserRejectOutOfRangeNumericValues() throws Exception {
+    assertAccepts("optionalInt32", String.valueOf(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
+    assertAccepts("optionalInt32", String.valueOf(Integer.MIN_VALUE));
+    assertRejects("optionalInt32", String.valueOf(Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1L));
+    assertRejects("optionalInt32", String.valueOf(Integer.MIN_VALUE - 1L));
+
+    assertAccepts("optionalUint32", String.valueOf(Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1L));
+    assertRejects("optionalUint32", "123456789012345");
+    assertRejects("optionalUint32", "-1");
+
+    BigInteger one = new BigInteger("1");
+    BigInteger maxLong = new BigInteger(String.valueOf(Long.MAX_VALUE));
+    BigInteger minLong = new BigInteger(String.valueOf(Long.MIN_VALUE));
+    assertAccepts("optionalInt64", maxLong.toString());
+    assertAccepts("optionalInt64", minLong.toString());
+    assertRejects("optionalInt64", maxLong.add(one).toString());
+    assertRejects("optionalInt64", minLong.subtract(one).toString());
+
+    assertAccepts("optionalUint64", maxLong.add(one).toString());
+    assertRejects("optionalUint64", "1234567890123456789012345");
+    assertRejects("optionalUint64", "-1");
+
+    assertAccepts("optionalBool", "true");
+    assertRejects("optionalBool", "1");
+    assertRejects("optionalBool", "0");
+
+    assertAccepts("optionalFloat", String.valueOf(Float.MAX_VALUE));
+    assertAccepts("optionalFloat", String.valueOf(-Float.MAX_VALUE));
+    assertRejects("optionalFloat", String.valueOf(Double.MAX_VALUE));
+    assertRejects("optionalFloat", String.valueOf(-Double.MAX_VALUE));
+
+    BigDecimal moreThanOne = new BigDecimal("1.000001");
+    BigDecimal maxDouble = new BigDecimal(Double.MAX_VALUE);
+    BigDecimal minDouble = new BigDecimal(-Double.MAX_VALUE);
+    assertAccepts("optionalDouble", maxDouble.toString());
+    assertAccepts("optionalDouble", minDouble.toString());
+    assertRejects("optionalDouble", maxDouble.multiply(moreThanOne).toString());
+    assertRejects("optionalDouble", minDouble.multiply(moreThanOne).toString());
+  }
+
+  public void testParserAcceptNull() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    mergeFromJson(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"optionalInt32\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalInt64\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalUint32\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalUint64\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalSint32\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalSint64\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFixed32\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFixed64\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalSfixed32\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalSfixed64\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFloat\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalDouble\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalBool\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalString\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalBytes\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalNestedMessage\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalNestedEnum\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedInt32\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedInt64\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedUint32\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedUint64\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedSint32\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedSint64\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedFixed32\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedFixed64\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedSfixed32\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedSfixed64\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedFloat\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedDouble\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedBool\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedString\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedBytes\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedNestedMessage\": null,\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedNestedEnum\": null\n"
+            + "}",
+        builder);
+    TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance(), message);
+
+    // Repeated field elements cannot be null.
+    try {
+      builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+      mergeFromJson("{\n" + "  \"repeatedInt32\": [null, null],\n" + "}", builder);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Exception expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+      mergeFromJson("{\n" + "  \"repeatedNestedMessage\": [null, null],\n" + "}", builder);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Exception expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testNullInOneof() throws Exception {
+    TestOneof.Builder builder = TestOneof.newBuilder();
+    mergeFromJson("{\n" + "  \"oneofNullValue\": null \n" + "}", builder);
+    TestOneof message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(TestOneof.OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_NULL_VALUE, message.getOneofFieldCase());
+    assertEquals(NullValue.NULL_VALUE, message.getOneofNullValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testNullFirstInDuplicateOneof() throws Exception {
+    TestOneof.Builder builder = TestOneof.newBuilder();
+    mergeFromJson("{\"oneofNestedMessage\": null, \"oneofInt32\": 1}", builder);
+    TestOneof message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1, message.getOneofInt32());
+  }
+
+  public void testNullLastInDuplicateOneof() throws Exception {
+    TestOneof.Builder builder = TestOneof.newBuilder();
+    mergeFromJson("{\"oneofInt32\": 1, \"oneofNestedMessage\": null}", builder);
+    TestOneof message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1, message.getOneofInt32());
+  }
+
+  public void testParserRejectDuplicatedFields() throws Exception {
+    // TODO(xiaofeng): The parser we are currently using (GSON) will accept and keep the last
+    // one if multiple entries have the same name. This is not the desired behavior but it can
+    // only be fixed by using our own parser. Here we only test the cases where the names are
+    // different but still referring to the same field.
+
+    // Duplicated optional fields.
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+      mergeFromJson(
+          "{\n"
+              + "  \"optionalNestedMessage\": {},\n"
+              + "  \"optional_nested_message\": {}\n"
+              + "}",
+          builder);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Exception expected.
+    }
+
+    // Duplicated repeated fields.
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+      mergeFromJson(
+          "{\n"
+              + "  \"repeatedInt32\": [1, 2],\n"
+              + "  \"repeated_int32\": [5, 6]\n"
+              + "}",
+          builder);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Exception expected.
+    }
+
+    // Duplicated oneof fields, same name.
+    try {
+      TestOneof.Builder builder = TestOneof.newBuilder();
+      mergeFromJson("{\n" + "  \"oneofInt32\": 1,\n" + "  \"oneof_int32\": 2\n" + "}", builder);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Exception expected.
+    }
+
+    // Duplicated oneof fields, different name.
+    try {
+      TestOneof.Builder builder = TestOneof.newBuilder();
+      mergeFromJson(
+          "{\n" + "  \"oneofInt32\": 1,\n" + "  \"oneofNullValue\": null\n" + "}", builder);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Exception expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMapFields() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Map(1, 10);
+    builder.putInt64ToInt32Map(1234567890123456789L, 10);
+    builder.putUint32ToInt32Map(2, 20);
+    builder.putUint64ToInt32Map(2234567890123456789L, 20);
+    builder.putSint32ToInt32Map(3, 30);
+    builder.putSint64ToInt32Map(3234567890123456789L, 30);
+    builder.putFixed32ToInt32Map(4, 40);
+    builder.putFixed64ToInt32Map(4234567890123456789L, 40);
+    builder.putSfixed32ToInt32Map(5, 50);
+    builder.putSfixed64ToInt32Map(5234567890123456789L, 50);
+    builder.putBoolToInt32Map(false, 6);
+    builder.putStringToInt32Map("Hello", 10);
+
+    builder.putInt32ToInt64Map(1, 1234567890123456789L);
+    builder.putInt32ToUint32Map(2, 20);
+    builder.putInt32ToUint64Map(2, 2234567890123456789L);
+    builder.putInt32ToSint32Map(3, 30);
+    builder.putInt32ToSint64Map(3, 3234567890123456789L);
+    builder.putInt32ToFixed32Map(4, 40);
+    builder.putInt32ToFixed64Map(4, 4234567890123456789L);
+    builder.putInt32ToSfixed32Map(5, 50);
+    builder.putInt32ToSfixed64Map(5, 5234567890123456789L);
+    builder.putInt32ToFloatMap(6, 1.5f);
+    builder.putInt32ToDoubleMap(6, 1.25);
+    builder.putInt32ToBoolMap(7, false);
+    builder.putInt32ToStringMap(7, "World");
+    builder.putInt32ToBytesMap(8, ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {1, 2, 3}));
+    builder.putInt32ToMessageMap(8, NestedMessage.newBuilder().setValue(1234).build());
+    builder.putInt32ToEnumMap(9, NestedEnum.BAR);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"1\": 10\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int64ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"1234567890123456789\": 10\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"uint32ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"2\": 20\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"uint64ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"2234567890123456789\": 20\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"sint32ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"3\": 30\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"sint64ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"3234567890123456789\": 30\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"fixed32ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"4\": 40\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"fixed64ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"4234567890123456789\": 40\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"sfixed32ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"5\": 50\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"sfixed64ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"5234567890123456789\": 50\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"boolToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"false\": 6\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"stringToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"Hello\": 10\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToInt64Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"1\": \"1234567890123456789\"\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToUint32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"2\": 20\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToUint64Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"2\": \"2234567890123456789\"\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToSint32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"3\": 30\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToSint64Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"3\": \"3234567890123456789\"\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToFixed32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"4\": 40\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToFixed64Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"4\": \"4234567890123456789\"\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToSfixed32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"5\": 50\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToSfixed64Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"5\": \"5234567890123456789\"\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToFloatMap\": {\n"
+            + "    \"6\": 1.5\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToDoubleMap\": {\n"
+            + "    \"6\": 1.25\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToBoolMap\": {\n"
+            + "    \"7\": false\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToStringMap\": {\n"
+            + "    \"7\": \"World\"\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToBytesMap\": {\n"
+            + "    \"8\": \"AQID\"\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToMessageMap\": {\n"
+            + "    \"8\": {\n"
+            + "      \"value\": 1234\n"
+            + "    }\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToEnumMap\": {\n"
+            + "    \"9\": \"BAR\"\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}",
+        toJsonString(message));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message);
+
+    // Test multiple entries.
+    builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Map(1, 2);
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Map(3, 4);
+    message = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n" + "  \"int32ToInt32Map\": {\n" + "    \"1\": 2,\n" + "    \"3\": 4\n" + "  }\n" + "}",
+        toJsonString(message));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testMapNullValueIsRejected() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+      mergeFromJson(
+          "{\n"
+              + "  \"int32ToInt32Map\": {null: 1},\n"
+              + "  \"int32ToMessageMap\": {null: 2}\n"
+              + "}",
+          builder);
+      fail();
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Exception expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+      mergeFromJson(
+          "{\n"
+              + "  \"int32ToInt32Map\": {\"1\": null},\n"
+              + "  \"int32ToMessageMap\": {\"2\": null}\n"
+              + "}",
+          builder);
+      fail();
+
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Exception expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testMapEnumNullValueIsIgnored() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    mergeFromJsonIgnoringUnknownFields(
+        "{\n" + "  \"int32ToEnumMap\": {\"1\": null}\n" + "}", builder);
+    TestMap map = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, map.getInt32ToEnumMapMap().size());
+  }
+
+  public void testParserAcceptNonQuotedObjectKey() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    mergeFromJson(
+        "{\n" + "  int32ToInt32Map: {1: 2},\n" + "  stringToInt32Map: {hello: 3}\n" + "}", builder);
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(2, message.getInt32ToInt32Map().get(1).intValue());
+    assertEquals(3, message.getStringToInt32Map().get("hello").intValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testWrappers() throws Exception {
+    TestWrappers.Builder builder = TestWrappers.newBuilder();
+    builder.getBoolValueBuilder().setValue(false);
+    builder.getInt32ValueBuilder().setValue(0);
+    builder.getInt64ValueBuilder().setValue(0);
+    builder.getUint32ValueBuilder().setValue(0);
+    builder.getUint64ValueBuilder().setValue(0);
+    builder.getFloatValueBuilder().setValue(0.0f);
+    builder.getDoubleValueBuilder().setValue(0.0);
+    builder.getStringValueBuilder().setValue("");
+    builder.getBytesValueBuilder().setValue(ByteString.EMPTY);
+    TestWrappers message = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"int32Value\": 0,\n"
+            + "  \"uint32Value\": 0,\n"
+            + "  \"int64Value\": \"0\",\n"
+            + "  \"uint64Value\": \"0\",\n"
+            + "  \"floatValue\": 0.0,\n"
+            + "  \"doubleValue\": 0.0,\n"
+            + "  \"boolValue\": false,\n"
+            + "  \"stringValue\": \"\",\n"
+            + "  \"bytesValue\": \"\"\n"
+            + "}",
+        toJsonString(message));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message);
+
+    builder = TestWrappers.newBuilder();
+    builder.getBoolValueBuilder().setValue(true);
+    builder.getInt32ValueBuilder().setValue(1);
+    builder.getInt64ValueBuilder().setValue(2);
+    builder.getUint32ValueBuilder().setValue(3);
+    builder.getUint64ValueBuilder().setValue(4);
+    builder.getFloatValueBuilder().setValue(5.0f);
+    builder.getDoubleValueBuilder().setValue(6.0);
+    builder.getStringValueBuilder().setValue("7");
+    builder.getBytesValueBuilder().setValue(ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {8}));
+    message = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"int32Value\": 1,\n"
+            + "  \"uint32Value\": 3,\n"
+            + "  \"int64Value\": \"2\",\n"
+            + "  \"uint64Value\": \"4\",\n"
+            + "  \"floatValue\": 5.0,\n"
+            + "  \"doubleValue\": 6.0,\n"
+            + "  \"boolValue\": true,\n"
+            + "  \"stringValue\": \"7\",\n"
+            + "  \"bytesValue\": \"CA==\"\n"
+            + "}",
+        toJsonString(message));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testTimestamp() throws Exception {
+    TestTimestamp message =
+        TestTimestamp.newBuilder()
+            .setTimestampValue(Timestamps.parse("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"))
+            .build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n" + "  \"timestampValue\": \"1970-01-01T00:00:00Z\"\n" + "}", toJsonString(message));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testDuration() throws Exception {
+    TestDuration message =
+        TestDuration.newBuilder().setDurationValue(Durations.parse("12345s")).build();
+
+    assertEquals("{\n" + "  \"durationValue\": \"12345s\"\n" + "}", toJsonString(message));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testFieldMask() throws Exception {
+    TestFieldMask message =
+        TestFieldMask.newBuilder()
+            .setFieldMaskValue(FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo.bar,baz,foo_bar.baz"))
+            .build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n" + "  \"fieldMaskValue\": \"foo.bar,baz,fooBar.baz\"\n" + "}", toJsonString(message));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message);
+  }
+
+  public void testStruct() throws Exception {
+    // Build a struct with all possible values.
+    TestStruct.Builder builder = TestStruct.newBuilder();
+    Struct.Builder structBuilder = builder.getStructValueBuilder();
+    structBuilder.putFields("null_value", Value.newBuilder().setNullValueValue(0).build());
+    structBuilder.putFields("number_value", Value.newBuilder().setNumberValue(1.25).build());
+    structBuilder.putFields("string_value", Value.newBuilder().setStringValue("hello").build());
+    Struct.Builder subStructBuilder = Struct.newBuilder();
+    subStructBuilder.putFields("number_value", Value.newBuilder().setNumberValue(1234).build());
+    structBuilder.putFields(
+        "struct_value", Value.newBuilder().setStructValue(subStructBuilder.build()).build());
+    ListValue.Builder listBuilder = ListValue.newBuilder();
+    listBuilder.addValues(Value.newBuilder().setNumberValue(1.125).build());
+    listBuilder.addValues(Value.newBuilder().setNullValueValue(0).build());
+    structBuilder.putFields(
+        "list_value", Value.newBuilder().setListValue(listBuilder.build()).build());
+    TestStruct message = builder.build();
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"structValue\": {\n"
+            + "    \"null_value\": null,\n"
+            + "    \"number_value\": 1.25,\n"
+            + "    \"string_value\": \"hello\",\n"
+            + "    \"struct_value\": {\n"
+            + "      \"number_value\": 1234.0\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"list_value\": [1.125, null]\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}",
+        toJsonString(message));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message);
+
+    builder = TestStruct.newBuilder();
+    builder.setValue(Value.newBuilder().setNullValueValue(0).build());
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals("{\n" + "  \"value\": null\n" + "}", toJsonString(message));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message);
+
+    builder = TestStruct.newBuilder();
+    listBuilder = builder.getListValueBuilder();
+    listBuilder.addValues(Value.newBuilder().setNumberValue(31831.125).build());
+    listBuilder.addValues(Value.newBuilder().setNullValueValue(0).build());
+    message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals("{\n" + "  \"listValue\": [31831.125, null]\n" + "}", toJsonString(message));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message);
+  }
+
+
+  public void testAnyFieldsWithCustomAddedTypeRegistry() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes content = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1234).build();
+    TestAny message = TestAny.newBuilder().setAnyValue(Any.pack(content)).build();
+
+    com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry registry =
+        com.google.protobuf.TypeRegistry.newBuilder().add(content.getDescriptorForType()).build();
+    JsonFormat.Printer printer = JsonFormat.printer().usingTypeRegistry(registry);
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"anyValue\": {\n"
+            + "    \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/json_test.TestAllTypes\",\n"
+            + "    \"optionalInt32\": 1234\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(message));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message, registry);
+
+    TestAny messageWithDefaultAnyValue =
+        TestAny.newBuilder().setAnyValue(Any.getDefaultInstance()).build();
+    assertEquals("{\n" + "  \"anyValue\": {}\n" + "}", printer.print(messageWithDefaultAnyValue));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(messageWithDefaultAnyValue, registry);
+
+    // Well-known types have a special formatting when embedded in Any.
+    //
+    // 1. Any in Any.
+    Any anyMessage = Any.pack(Any.pack(content));
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": {\n"
+            + "    \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/json_test.TestAllTypes\",\n"
+            + "    \"optionalInt32\": 1234\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+  }
+
+  public void testAnyFields() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes content = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(1234).build();
+    TestAny message = TestAny.newBuilder().setAnyValue(Any.pack(content)).build();
+
+    // A TypeRegistry must be provided in order to convert Any types.
+    try {
+      toJsonString(message);
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    JsonFormat.TypeRegistry registry =
+        JsonFormat.TypeRegistry.newBuilder().add(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()).build();
+    JsonFormat.Printer printer = JsonFormat.printer().usingTypeRegistry(registry);
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"anyValue\": {\n"
+            + "    \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/json_test.TestAllTypes\",\n"
+            + "    \"optionalInt32\": 1234\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(message));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message, registry);
+
+    TestAny messageWithDefaultAnyValue =
+        TestAny.newBuilder().setAnyValue(Any.getDefaultInstance()).build();
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"anyValue\": {}\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(messageWithDefaultAnyValue));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(messageWithDefaultAnyValue, registry);
+
+    // Well-known types have a special formatting when embedded in Any.
+    //
+    // 1. Any in Any.
+    Any anyMessage = Any.pack(Any.pack(content));
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": {\n"
+            + "    \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/json_test.TestAllTypes\",\n"
+            + "    \"optionalInt32\": 1234\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+
+    // 2. Wrappers in Any.
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(Int32Value.newBuilder().setValue(12345).build());
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": 12345\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(UInt32Value.newBuilder().setValue(12345).build());
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.UInt32Value\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": 12345\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(Int64Value.newBuilder().setValue(12345).build());
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int64Value\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": \"12345\"\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(UInt64Value.newBuilder().setValue(12345).build());
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.UInt64Value\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": \"12345\"\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(FloatValue.newBuilder().setValue(12345).build());
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FloatValue\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": 12345.0\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(DoubleValue.newBuilder().setValue(12345).build());
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.DoubleValue\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": 12345.0\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(BoolValue.newBuilder().setValue(true).build());
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.BoolValue\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": true\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(StringValue.newBuilder().setValue("Hello").build());
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.StringValue\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": \"Hello\"\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+    anyMessage =
+        Any.pack(BytesValue.newBuilder().setValue(ByteString.copyFrom(new byte[] {1, 2})).build());
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.BytesValue\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": \"AQI=\"\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+
+    // 3. Timestamp in Any.
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(Timestamps.parse("1969-12-31T23:59:59Z"));
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": \"1969-12-31T23:59:59Z\"\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+
+    // 4. Duration in Any
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(Durations.parse("12345.10s"));
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": \"12345.100s\"\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+
+    // 5. FieldMask in Any
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo.bar,baz"));
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": \"foo.bar,baz\"\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+
+    // 6. Struct in Any
+    Struct.Builder structBuilder = Struct.newBuilder();
+    structBuilder.putFields("number", Value.newBuilder().setNumberValue(1.125).build());
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(structBuilder.build());
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Struct\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": {\n"
+            + "    \"number\": 1.125\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+
+    // 7. Value (number type) in Any
+    Value.Builder valueBuilder = Value.newBuilder();
+    valueBuilder.setNumberValue(1);
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(valueBuilder.build());
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": 1.0\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+
+    // 8. Value (null type) in Any
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(Value.newBuilder().setNullValue(NullValue.NULL_VALUE).build());
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": null\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+  }
+
+  public void testAnyInMaps() throws Exception {
+    JsonFormat.TypeRegistry registry =
+        JsonFormat.TypeRegistry.newBuilder().add(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()).build();
+    JsonFormat.Printer printer = JsonFormat.printer().usingTypeRegistry(registry);
+
+    TestAny.Builder testAny = TestAny.newBuilder();
+    testAny.putAnyMap("int32_wrapper", Any.pack(Int32Value.newBuilder().setValue(123).build()));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("int64_wrapper", Any.pack(Int64Value.newBuilder().setValue(456).build()));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("timestamp", Any.pack(Timestamps.parse("1969-12-31T23:59:59Z")));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("duration", Any.pack(Durations.parse("12345.1s")));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("field_mask", Any.pack(FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo.bar,baz")));
+    Value numberValue = Value.newBuilder().setNumberValue(1.125).build();
+    Struct.Builder struct = Struct.newBuilder();
+    struct.putFields("number", numberValue);
+    testAny.putAnyMap("struct", Any.pack(struct.build()));
+    Value nullValue = Value.newBuilder().setNullValue(NullValue.NULL_VALUE).build();
+    testAny.putAnyMap(
+        "list_value",
+        Any.pack(ListValue.newBuilder().addValues(numberValue).addValues(nullValue).build()));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("number_value", Any.pack(numberValue));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("any_value_number", Any.pack(Any.pack(numberValue)));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("any_value_default", Any.pack(Any.getDefaultInstance()));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("default", Any.getDefaultInstance());
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"anyMap\": {\n"
+            + "    \"int32_wrapper\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": 123\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"int64_wrapper\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int64Value\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": \"456\"\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"timestamp\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": \"1969-12-31T23:59:59Z\"\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"duration\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": \"12345.100s\"\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"field_mask\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": \"foo.bar,baz\"\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"struct\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Struct\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": {\n"
+            + "        \"number\": 1.125\n"
+            + "      }\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"list_value\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.ListValue\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": [1.125, null]\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"number_value\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": 1.125\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"any_value_number\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": {\n"
+            + "        \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value\",\n"
+            + "        \"value\": 1.125\n"
+            + "      }\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"any_value_default\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": {}\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"default\": {}\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(testAny.build()));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(testAny.build(), registry);
+  }
+
+  public void testParserMissingTypeUrl() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      Any.Builder builder = Any.newBuilder();
+      mergeFromJson("{\n" + "  \"optionalInt32\": 1234\n" + "}", builder);
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParserUnexpectedTypeUrl() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      Any.Builder builder = Any.newBuilder();
+      mergeFromJson(
+          "{\n"
+              + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/json_test.UnexpectedTypes\",\n"
+              + "  \"optionalInt32\": 12345\n"
+              + "}",
+          builder);
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParserRejectTrailingComma() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+      mergeFromJson("{\n" + "  \"optionalInt32\": 12345,\n" + "}", builder);
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    // TODO(xiaofeng): GSON allows trailing comma in arrays even after I set
+    // the JsonReader to non-lenient mode. If we want to enforce strict JSON
+    // compliance, we might want to switch to a different JSON parser or
+    // implement one by ourselves.
+    // try {
+    //   TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    //   JsonFormat.merge(
+    //       "{\n"
+    //       + "  \"repeatedInt32\": [12345,]\n"
+    //       + "}", builder);
+    //   fail("Exception is expected.");
+    // } catch (IOException e) {
+    //   // Expected.
+    // }
+  }
+
+  public void testParserRejectInvalidBase64() throws Exception {
+    assertRejects("optionalBytes", "!@#$");
+  }
+
+  public void testParserAcceptBase64Variants() throws Exception {
+    assertAccepts("optionalBytes", "AQI"); // No padding
+    assertAccepts("optionalBytes", "-_w"); // base64Url, no padding
+  }
+
+  public void testParserRejectInvalidEnumValue() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+      mergeFromJson("{\n" + "  \"optionalNestedEnum\": \"XXX\"\n" + "}", builder);
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParserUnknownFields() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+      String json = "{\n" + "  \"unknownField\": \"XXX\"\n" + "}";
+      JsonFormat.parser().merge(json, builder);
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testParserIgnoringUnknownFields() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    String json = "{\n" + "  \"unknownField\": \"XXX\"\n" + "}";
+    JsonFormat.parser().ignoringUnknownFields().merge(json, builder);
+  }
+
+  public void testParserIgnoringUnknownEnums() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    String json = "{\n" + "  \"optionalNestedEnum\": \"XXX\"\n" + "}";
+    JsonFormat.parser().ignoringUnknownFields().merge(json, builder);
+    assertEquals(0, builder.getOptionalNestedEnumValue());
+  }
+
+  public void testParserSupportAliasEnums() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    String json = "{\n" + "  \"optionalAliasedEnum\": \"QUX\"\n" + "}";
+    JsonFormat.parser().merge(json, builder);
+    assertEquals(AliasedEnum.ALIAS_BAZ, builder.getOptionalAliasedEnum());
+
+    builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    json = "{\n" + "  \"optionalAliasedEnum\": \"qux\"\n" + "}";
+    JsonFormat.parser().merge(json, builder);
+    assertEquals(AliasedEnum.ALIAS_BAZ, builder.getOptionalAliasedEnum());
+
+    builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    json = "{\n" + "  \"optionalAliasedEnum\": \"bAz\"\n" + "}";
+    JsonFormat.parser().merge(json, builder);
+    assertEquals(AliasedEnum.ALIAS_BAZ, builder.getOptionalAliasedEnum());
+  }
+
+  public void testUnknownEnumMap() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    JsonFormat.parser()
+        .ignoringUnknownFields()
+        .merge("{\n" + "  \"int32ToEnumMap\": {1: XXX, 2: FOO}" + "}", builder);
+
+    assertEquals(NestedEnum.FOO, builder.getInt32ToEnumMapMap().get(2));
+    assertEquals(1, builder.getInt32ToEnumMapMap().size());
+  }
+
+  public void testRepeatedUnknownEnum() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    JsonFormat.parser()
+        .ignoringUnknownFields()
+        .merge("{\n" + "  \"repeatedNestedEnum\": [XXX, FOO, BAR, BAZ]" + "}", builder);
+
+    assertEquals(NestedEnum.FOO, builder.getRepeatedNestedEnum(0));
+    assertEquals(NestedEnum.BAR, builder.getRepeatedNestedEnum(1));
+    assertEquals(NestedEnum.BAZ, builder.getRepeatedNestedEnum(2));
+    assertEquals(3, builder.getRepeatedNestedEnumList().size());
+  }
+
+  public void testParserIntegerEnumValue() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder actualBuilder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    mergeFromJson("{\n" + "  \"optionalNestedEnum\": 2\n" + "}", actualBuilder);
+
+    TestAllTypes expected = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalNestedEnum(NestedEnum.BAZ).build();
+    assertEquals(expected, actualBuilder.build());
+  }
+
+  public void testCustomJsonName() throws Exception {
+    TestCustomJsonName message = TestCustomJsonName.newBuilder().setValue(12345).build();
+    assertEquals("{\n" + "  \"@value\": 12345\n" + "}", JsonFormat.printer().print(message));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(message);
+  }
+
+  // Regression test for b/73832901. Make sure html tags are escaped.
+  public void testHtmlEscape() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalString("</script>").build();
+    assertEquals("{\n  \"optionalString\": \"\\u003c/script\\u003e\"\n}", toJsonString(message));
+
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    JsonFormat.parser().merge(toJsonString(message), builder);
+    assertEquals(message.getOptionalString(), builder.getOptionalString());
+  }
+
+  public void testIncludingDefaultValueFields() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance();
+    assertEquals("{\n}", JsonFormat.printer().print(message));
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"optionalInt32\": 0,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalInt64\": \"0\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalUint32\": 0,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalUint64\": \"0\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalSint32\": 0,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalSint64\": \"0\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFixed32\": 0,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFixed64\": \"0\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalSfixed32\": 0,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalSfixed64\": \"0\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFloat\": 0.0,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalDouble\": 0.0,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalBool\": false,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalString\": \"\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalBytes\": \"\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalNestedEnum\": \"FOO\",\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedInt32\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedInt64\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedUint32\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedUint64\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedSint32\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedSint64\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedFixed32\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedFixed64\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedSfixed32\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedSfixed64\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedFloat\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedDouble\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedBool\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedString\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedBytes\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedNestedMessage\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedNestedEnum\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"optionalAliasedEnum\": \"ALIAS_FOO\"\n"
+            + "}",
+        JsonFormat.printer().includingDefaultValueFields().print(message));
+
+    Set<FieldDescriptor> fixedFields = new HashSet<FieldDescriptor>();
+    for (FieldDescriptor fieldDesc : TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getFields()) {
+      if (fieldDesc.getName().contains("_fixed")) {
+        fixedFields.add(fieldDesc);
+      }
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFixed32\": 0,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFixed64\": \"0\",\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedFixed32\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedFixed64\": []\n"
+            + "}",
+        JsonFormat.printer().includingDefaultValueFields(fixedFields).print(message));
+
+    TestAllTypes messageNonDefaults =
+        message.toBuilder().setOptionalInt64(1234).setOptionalFixed32(3232).build();
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"optionalInt64\": \"1234\",\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFixed32\": 3232,\n"
+            + "  \"optionalFixed64\": \"0\",\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedFixed32\": [],\n"
+            + "  \"repeatedFixed64\": []\n"
+            + "}",
+        JsonFormat.printer().includingDefaultValueFields(fixedFields).print(messageNonDefaults));
+
+    try {
+      JsonFormat.printer().includingDefaultValueFields().includingDefaultValueFields();
+      fail("IllegalStateException is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+      // Expected.
+      assertTrue(
+          "Exception message should mention includingDefaultValueFields.",
+          e.getMessage().contains("includingDefaultValueFields"));
+    }
+
+    try {
+      JsonFormat.printer().includingDefaultValueFields().includingDefaultValueFields(fixedFields);
+      fail("IllegalStateException is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+      // Expected.
+      assertTrue(
+          "Exception message should mention includingDefaultValueFields.",
+          e.getMessage().contains("includingDefaultValueFields"));
+    }
+
+    try {
+      JsonFormat.printer().includingDefaultValueFields(fixedFields).includingDefaultValueFields();
+      fail("IllegalStateException is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+      // Expected.
+      assertTrue(
+          "Exception message should mention includingDefaultValueFields.",
+          e.getMessage().contains("includingDefaultValueFields"));
+    }
+
+    try {
+      JsonFormat.printer()
+          .includingDefaultValueFields(fixedFields)
+          .includingDefaultValueFields(fixedFields);
+      fail("IllegalStateException is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+      // Expected.
+      assertTrue(
+          "Exception message should mention includingDefaultValueFields.",
+          e.getMessage().contains("includingDefaultValueFields"));
+    }
+
+    Set<FieldDescriptor> intFields = new HashSet<FieldDescriptor>();
+    for (FieldDescriptor fieldDesc : TestAllTypes.getDescriptor().getFields()) {
+      if (fieldDesc.getName().contains("_int")) {
+        intFields.add(fieldDesc);
+      }
+    }
+
+    try {
+      JsonFormat.printer()
+          .includingDefaultValueFields(intFields)
+          .includingDefaultValueFields(fixedFields);
+      fail("IllegalStateException is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+      // Expected.
+      assertTrue(
+          "Exception message should mention includingDefaultValueFields.",
+          e.getMessage().contains("includingDefaultValueFields"));
+    }
+
+    try {
+      JsonFormat.printer().includingDefaultValueFields(null);
+      fail("IllegalArgumentException is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+      assertTrue(
+          "Exception message should mention includingDefaultValueFields.",
+          e.getMessage().contains("includingDefaultValueFields"));
+    }
+
+    try {
+      JsonFormat.printer().includingDefaultValueFields(Collections.<FieldDescriptor>emptySet());
+      fail("IllegalArgumentException is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+      assertTrue(
+          "Exception message should mention includingDefaultValueFields.",
+          e.getMessage().contains("includingDefaultValueFields"));
+    }
+
+    TestMap mapMessage = TestMap.getDefaultInstance();
+    assertEquals("{\n}", JsonFormat.printer().print(mapMessage));
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int64ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"uint32ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"uint64ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"sint32ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"sint64ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"fixed32ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"fixed64ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"sfixed32ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"sfixed64ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"boolToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"stringToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToInt64Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToUint32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToUint64Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToSint32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToSint64Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToFixed32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToFixed64Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToSfixed32Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToSfixed64Map\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToFloatMap\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToDoubleMap\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToBoolMap\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToStringMap\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToBytesMap\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToMessageMap\": {\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToEnumMap\": {\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}",
+        JsonFormat.printer().includingDefaultValueFields().print(mapMessage));
+
+    TestOneof oneofMessage = TestOneof.getDefaultInstance();
+    assertEquals("{\n}", JsonFormat.printer().print(oneofMessage));
+    assertEquals("{\n}", JsonFormat.printer().includingDefaultValueFields().print(oneofMessage));
+
+    oneofMessage = TestOneof.newBuilder().setOneofInt32(42).build();
+    assertEquals("{\n  \"oneofInt32\": 42\n}", JsonFormat.printer().print(oneofMessage));
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n  \"oneofInt32\": 42\n}",
+        JsonFormat.printer().includingDefaultValueFields().print(oneofMessage));
+
+    TestOneof.Builder oneofBuilder = TestOneof.newBuilder();
+    mergeFromJson("{\n" + "  \"oneofNullValue\": null \n" + "}", oneofBuilder);
+    oneofMessage = oneofBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals("{\n  \"oneofNullValue\": null\n}", JsonFormat.printer().print(oneofMessage));
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n  \"oneofNullValue\": null\n}",
+        JsonFormat.printer().includingDefaultValueFields().print(oneofMessage));
+  }
+
+  public void testPreservingProtoFieldNames() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(12345).build();
+    assertEquals("{\n" + "  \"optionalInt32\": 12345\n" + "}", JsonFormat.printer().print(message));
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n" + "  \"optional_int32\": 12345\n" + "}",
+        JsonFormat.printer().preservingProtoFieldNames().print(message));
+
+    // The json_name field option is ignored when configured to use original proto field names.
+    TestCustomJsonName messageWithCustomJsonName =
+        TestCustomJsonName.newBuilder().setValue(12345).build();
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n" + "  \"value\": 12345\n" + "}",
+        JsonFormat.printer().preservingProtoFieldNames().print(messageWithCustomJsonName));
+
+    // Parsers accept both original proto field names and lowerCamelCase names.
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    JsonFormat.parser().merge("{\"optionalInt32\": 12345}", builder);
+    assertEquals(12345, builder.getOptionalInt32());
+    builder.clear();
+    JsonFormat.parser().merge("{\"optional_int32\": 54321}", builder);
+    assertEquals(54321, builder.getOptionalInt32());
+  }
+
+  public void testPrintingEnumsAsInts() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalNestedEnum(NestedEnum.BAR).build();
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n" + "  \"optionalNestedEnum\": 1\n" + "}",
+        JsonFormat.printer().printingEnumsAsInts().print(message));
+  }
+
+  public void testOmittingInsignificantWhiteSpace() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes message = TestAllTypes.newBuilder().setOptionalInt32(12345).build();
+    assertEquals(
+        "{" + "\"optionalInt32\":12345" + "}",
+        JsonFormat.printer().omittingInsignificantWhitespace().print(message));
+    TestAllTypes message1 = TestAllTypes.getDefaultInstance();
+    assertEquals("{}", JsonFormat.printer().omittingInsignificantWhitespace().print(message1));
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    setAllFields(builder);
+    TestAllTypes message2 = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(
+        "{"
+            + "\"optionalInt32\":1234,"
+            + "\"optionalInt64\":\"1234567890123456789\","
+            + "\"optionalUint32\":5678,"
+            + "\"optionalUint64\":\"2345678901234567890\","
+            + "\"optionalSint32\":9012,"
+            + "\"optionalSint64\":\"3456789012345678901\","
+            + "\"optionalFixed32\":3456,"
+            + "\"optionalFixed64\":\"4567890123456789012\","
+            + "\"optionalSfixed32\":7890,"
+            + "\"optionalSfixed64\":\"5678901234567890123\","
+            + "\"optionalFloat\":1.5,"
+            + "\"optionalDouble\":1.25,"
+            + "\"optionalBool\":true,"
+            + "\"optionalString\":\"Hello world!\","
+            + "\"optionalBytes\":\"AAEC\","
+            + "\"optionalNestedMessage\":{"
+            + "\"value\":100"
+            + "},"
+            + "\"optionalNestedEnum\":\"BAR\","
+            + "\"repeatedInt32\":[1234,234],"
+            + "\"repeatedInt64\":[\"1234567890123456789\",\"234567890123456789\"],"
+            + "\"repeatedUint32\":[5678,678],"
+            + "\"repeatedUint64\":[\"2345678901234567890\",\"345678901234567890\"],"
+            + "\"repeatedSint32\":[9012,10],"
+            + "\"repeatedSint64\":[\"3456789012345678901\",\"456789012345678901\"],"
+            + "\"repeatedFixed32\":[3456,456],"
+            + "\"repeatedFixed64\":[\"4567890123456789012\",\"567890123456789012\"],"
+            + "\"repeatedSfixed32\":[7890,890],"
+            + "\"repeatedSfixed64\":[\"5678901234567890123\",\"678901234567890123\"],"
+            + "\"repeatedFloat\":[1.5,11.5],"
+            + "\"repeatedDouble\":[1.25,11.25],"
+            + "\"repeatedBool\":[true,true],"
+            + "\"repeatedString\":[\"Hello world!\",\"ello world!\"],"
+            + "\"repeatedBytes\":[\"AAEC\",\"AQI=\"],"
+            + "\"repeatedNestedMessage\":[{"
+            + "\"value\":100"
+            + "},{"
+            + "\"value\":200"
+            + "}],"
+            + "\"repeatedNestedEnum\":[\"BAR\",\"BAZ\"]"
+            + "}",
+        toCompactJsonString(message2));
+  }
+
+  // Regression test for b/29892357
+  public void testEmptyWrapperTypesInAny() throws Exception {
+    JsonFormat.TypeRegistry registry =
+        JsonFormat.TypeRegistry.newBuilder().add(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()).build();
+    JsonFormat.Parser parser = JsonFormat.parser().usingTypeRegistry(registry);
+
+    Any.Builder builder = Any.newBuilder();
+    parser.merge(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.BoolValue\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": false\n"
+            + "}\n",
+        builder);
+    Any any = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(0, any.getValue().size());
+  }
+
+  public void testRecursionLimit() throws Exception {
+    String input =
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"nested\": {\n"
+            + "    \"nested\": {\n"
+            + "      \"nested\": {\n"
+            + "        \"nested\": {\n"
+            + "          \"value\": 1234\n"
+            + "        }\n"
+            + "      }\n"
+            + "    }\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}\n";
+
+    JsonFormat.Parser parser = JsonFormat.parser();
+    TestRecursive.Builder builder = TestRecursive.newBuilder();
+    parser.merge(input, builder);
+    TestRecursive message = builder.build();
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getNested().getNested().getNested().getNested().getValue());
+
+    parser = JsonFormat.parser().usingRecursionLimit(3);
+    builder = TestRecursive.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      parser.merge(input, builder);
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Test that we are not leaking out JSON exceptions.
+  public void testJsonException() throws Exception {
+    InputStream throwingInputStream =
+        new InputStream() {
+          public int read() throws IOException {
+            throw new IOException("12345");
+          }
+        };
+    InputStreamReader throwingReader = new InputStreamReader(throwingInputStream);
+    // When the underlying reader throws IOException, JsonFormat should forward
+    // through this IOException.
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+      JsonFormat.parser().merge(throwingReader, builder);
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      assertEquals("12345", e.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    Reader invalidJsonReader = new StringReader("{ xxx - yyy }");
+    // When the JSON parser throws parser exceptions, JsonFormat should turn
+    // that into InvalidProtocolBufferException.
+    try {
+      TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+      JsonFormat.parser().merge(invalidJsonReader, builder);
+      fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Test that an error is thrown if a nested JsonObject is parsed as a primitive field.
+  public void testJsonObjectForPrimitiveField() throws Exception {
+    TestAllTypes.Builder builder = TestAllTypes.newBuilder();
+    try {
+      mergeFromJson(
+          "{\n"
+              + "  \"optionalString\": {\n"
+              + "    \"invalidNestedString\": \"Hello world\"\n"
+              + "  }\n"
+              + "}\n",
+          builder);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testSortedMapKeys() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder mapBuilder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    mapBuilder.putStringToInt32Map("\ud834\udd20", 3); // utf-8 F0 9D 84 A0
+    mapBuilder.putStringToInt32Map("foo", 99);
+    mapBuilder.putStringToInt32Map("xxx", 123);
+    mapBuilder.putStringToInt32Map("\u20ac", 1); // utf-8 E2 82 AC
+    mapBuilder.putStringToInt32Map("abc", 20);
+    mapBuilder.putStringToInt32Map("19", 19);
+    mapBuilder.putStringToInt32Map("8", 8);
+    mapBuilder.putStringToInt32Map("\ufb00", 2); // utf-8 EF AC 80
+    mapBuilder.putInt32ToInt32Map(3, 3);
+    mapBuilder.putInt32ToInt32Map(10, 10);
+    mapBuilder.putInt32ToInt32Map(5, 5);
+    mapBuilder.putInt32ToInt32Map(4, 4);
+    mapBuilder.putInt32ToInt32Map(1, 1);
+    mapBuilder.putInt32ToInt32Map(2, 2);
+    mapBuilder.putInt32ToInt32Map(-3, -3);
+    TestMap mapMessage = mapBuilder.build();
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"int32ToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"-3\": -3,\n"
+            + "    \"1\": 1,\n"
+            + "    \"2\": 2,\n"
+            + "    \"3\": 3,\n"
+            + "    \"4\": 4,\n"
+            + "    \"5\": 5,\n"
+            + "    \"10\": 10\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"stringToInt32Map\": {\n"
+            + "    \"19\": 19,\n"
+            + "    \"8\": 8,\n"
+            + "    \"abc\": 20,\n"
+            + "    \"foo\": 99,\n"
+            + "    \"xxx\": 123,\n"
+            + "    \"\u20ac\": 1,\n"
+            + "    \"\ufb00\": 2,\n"
+            + "    \"\ud834\udd20\": 3\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}",
+        toSortedJsonString(mapMessage));
+
+    TestMap emptyMap = TestMap.getDefaultInstance();
+    assertEquals("{\n}", toSortedJsonString(emptyMap));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/StructsTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/StructsTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..265aff577
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/StructsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.util;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Struct;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+public final class StructsTest extends TestCase {
+
+  public void test1pair_constructsObject() throws Exception {
+    Struct.Builder expected = Struct.newBuilder();
+    JsonFormat.parser().merge("{\"k1\": 1}", expected);
+    assertThat(Structs.of("k1", Values.of(1))).isEqualTo(expected.build());
+  }
+
+  public void test2pair_constructsObject() throws Exception {
+    Struct.Builder expected = Struct.newBuilder();
+    JsonFormat.parser().merge("{\"k1\": 1, \"k2\": 2}", expected);
+    assertThat(Structs.of("k1", Values.of(1), "k2", Values.of(2))).isEqualTo(expected.build());
+  }
+
+  public void test3pair_constructsObject() throws Exception {
+    Struct.Builder expected = Struct.newBuilder();
+    JsonFormat.parser().merge("{\"k1\": 1, \"k2\": 2, \"k3\": 3}", expected);
+    assertThat(Structs.of("k1", Values.of(1), "k2", Values.of(2), "k3", Values.of(3)))
+        .isEqualTo(expected.build());
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/TimeUtilTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/TimeUtilTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5af83d88e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/TimeUtilTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.util;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Duration;
+import com.google.protobuf.Timestamp;
+import java.text.ParseException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link TimeUtil}. */
+public class TimeUtilTest extends TestCase {
+  public void testTimestampStringFormat() throws Exception {
+    Timestamp start = TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z");
+    Timestamp end = TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z");
+    assertEquals(TimeUtil.TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MIN, start.getSeconds());
+    assertEquals(0, start.getNanos());
+    assertEquals(TimeUtil.TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MAX, end.getSeconds());
+    assertEquals(999999999, end.getNanos());
+    assertEquals("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", TimeUtil.toString(start));
+    assertEquals("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", TimeUtil.toString(end));
+
+    Timestamp value = TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z");
+    assertEquals(0, value.getSeconds());
+    assertEquals(0, value.getNanos());
+
+    // Test negative timestamps.
+    value = TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("1969-12-31T23:59:59.999Z");
+    assertEquals(-1, value.getSeconds());
+    // Nano part is in the range of [0, 999999999] for Timestamp.
+    assertEquals(999000000, value.getNanos());
+
+    // Test that 3, 6, or 9 digits are used for the fractional part.
+    value = Timestamp.newBuilder().setNanos(10).build();
+    assertEquals("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000010Z", TimeUtil.toString(value));
+    value = Timestamp.newBuilder().setNanos(10000).build();
+    assertEquals("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000010Z", TimeUtil.toString(value));
+    value = Timestamp.newBuilder().setNanos(10000000).build();
+    assertEquals("1970-01-01T00:00:00.010Z", TimeUtil.toString(value));
+
+    // Test that parsing accepts timezone offsets.
+    value = TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("1970-01-01T00:00:00.010+08:00");
+    assertEquals("1969-12-31T16:00:00.010Z", TimeUtil.toString(value));
+    value = TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("1970-01-01T00:00:00.010-08:00");
+    assertEquals("1970-01-01T08:00:00.010Z", TimeUtil.toString(value));
+  }
+
+  private volatile boolean stopParsingThreads = false;
+  private volatile String errorMessage = "";
+
+  private class ParseTimestampThread extends Thread {
+    private final String[] strings;
+    private final Timestamp[] values;
+
+    public ParseTimestampThread(String[] strings, Timestamp[] values) {
+      this.strings = strings;
+      this.values = values;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+      int index = 0;
+      while (!stopParsingThreads) {
+        Timestamp result;
+        try {
+          result = TimeUtil.parseTimestamp(strings[index]);
+        } catch (ParseException e) {
+          errorMessage = "Failed to parse timestamp: " + strings[index];
+          break;
+        }
+        if (result.getSeconds() != values[index].getSeconds()
+            || result.getNanos() != values[index].getNanos()) {
+          errorMessage =
+              "Actual result: " + result.toString() + ", expected: " + values[index].toString();
+          break;
+        }
+        index = (index + 1) % strings.length;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testTimestampConcurrentParsing() throws Exception {
+    String[] timestampStrings =
+        new String[] {
+          "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+          "9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z",
+          "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+          "1969-12-31T23:59:59.999Z",
+        };
+    Timestamp[] timestampValues = new Timestamp[timestampStrings.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < timestampStrings.length; i++) {
+      timestampValues[i] = TimeUtil.parseTimestamp(timestampStrings[i]);
+    }
+
+    final int THREAD_COUNT = 16;
+    final int RUNNING_TIME = 5000; // in milliseconds.
+    final List<Thread> threads = new ArrayList<Thread>();
+
+    stopParsingThreads = false;
+    errorMessage = "";
+    for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_COUNT; i++) {
+      Thread thread = new ParseTimestampThread(timestampStrings, timestampValues);
+      thread.start();
+      threads.add(thread);
+    }
+    Thread.sleep(RUNNING_TIME);
+    stopParsingThreads = true;
+    for (Thread thread : threads) {
+      thread.join();
+    }
+    Assert.assertEquals("", errorMessage);
+  }
+
+  public void testTimetampInvalidFormat() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      // Value too small.
+      Timestamp value =
+          Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(TimeUtil.TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MIN - 1).build();
+      TimeUtil.toString(value);
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Value too large.
+      Timestamp value =
+          Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(TimeUtil.TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MAX + 1).build();
+      TimeUtil.toString(value);
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Invalid nanos value.
+      Timestamp value = Timestamp.newBuilder().setNanos(-1).build();
+      TimeUtil.toString(value);
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Invalid nanos value.
+      Timestamp value = Timestamp.newBuilder().setNanos(1000000000).build();
+      TimeUtil.toString(value);
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Value to small.
+      TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("0000-01-01T00:00:00Z");
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Value to large.
+      TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("10000-01-01T00:00:00Z");
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Missing 'T'.
+      TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("1970-01-01 00:00:00Z");
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Missing 'Z'.
+      TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("1970-01-01T00:00:00");
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Invalid offset.
+      TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("1970-01-01T00:00:00+0000");
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Trailing text.
+      TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z0");
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Invalid nanosecond value.
+      TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("1970-01-01T00:00:00.ABCZ");
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testDurationStringFormat() throws Exception {
+    Timestamp start = TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z");
+    Timestamp end = TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z");
+    Duration duration = TimeUtil.distance(start, end);
+    assertEquals("315537897599.999999999s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+    duration = TimeUtil.distance(end, start);
+    assertEquals("-315537897599.999999999s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+
+    // Generated output should contain 3, 6, or 9 fractional digits.
+    duration = Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(1).build();
+    assertEquals("1s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+    duration = Duration.newBuilder().setNanos(10000000).build();
+    assertEquals("0.010s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+    duration = Duration.newBuilder().setNanos(10000).build();
+    assertEquals("0.000010s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+    duration = Duration.newBuilder().setNanos(10).build();
+    assertEquals("0.000000010s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+
+    // Parsing accepts an fractional digits as long as they fit into nano
+    // precision.
+    duration = TimeUtil.parseDuration("0.1s");
+    assertEquals(100000000, duration.getNanos());
+    duration = TimeUtil.parseDuration("0.0001s");
+    assertEquals(100000, duration.getNanos());
+    duration = TimeUtil.parseDuration("0.0000001s");
+    assertEquals(100, duration.getNanos());
+
+    // Duration must support range from -315,576,000,000s to +315576000000s
+    // which includes negative values.
+    duration = TimeUtil.parseDuration("315576000000.999999999s");
+    assertEquals(315576000000L, duration.getSeconds());
+    assertEquals(999999999, duration.getNanos());
+    duration = TimeUtil.parseDuration("-315576000000.999999999s");
+    assertEquals(-315576000000L, duration.getSeconds());
+    assertEquals(-999999999, duration.getNanos());
+  }
+
+  public void testDurationInvalidFormat() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      // Value too small.
+      Duration value = Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(TimeUtil.DURATION_SECONDS_MIN - 1).build();
+      TimeUtil.toString(value);
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Value too large.
+      Duration value = Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(TimeUtil.DURATION_SECONDS_MAX + 1).build();
+      TimeUtil.toString(value);
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Invalid nanos value.
+      Duration value = Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(1).setNanos(-1).build();
+      TimeUtil.toString(value);
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Invalid nanos value.
+      Duration value = Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(-1).setNanos(1).build();
+      TimeUtil.toString(value);
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Value too small.
+      TimeUtil.parseDuration("-315576000001s");
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Value too large.
+      TimeUtil.parseDuration("315576000001s");
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Empty.
+      TimeUtil.parseDuration("");
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Missing "s".
+      TimeUtil.parseDuration("0");
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Invalid trailing data.
+      TimeUtil.parseDuration("0s0");
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Invalid prefix.
+      TimeUtil.parseDuration("--1s");
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (ParseException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void testTimestampConversion() throws Exception {
+    Timestamp timestamp = TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("1970-01-01T00:00:01.111111111Z");
+    assertEquals(1111111111, TimeUtil.toNanos(timestamp));
+    assertEquals(1111111, TimeUtil.toMicros(timestamp));
+    assertEquals(1111, TimeUtil.toMillis(timestamp));
+    timestamp = TimeUtil.createTimestampFromNanos(1111111111);
+    assertEquals("1970-01-01T00:00:01.111111111Z", TimeUtil.toString(timestamp));
+    timestamp = TimeUtil.createTimestampFromMicros(1111111);
+    assertEquals("1970-01-01T00:00:01.111111Z", TimeUtil.toString(timestamp));
+    timestamp = TimeUtil.createTimestampFromMillis(1111);
+    assertEquals("1970-01-01T00:00:01.111Z", TimeUtil.toString(timestamp));
+
+    timestamp = TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("1969-12-31T23:59:59.111111111Z");
+    assertEquals(-888888889, TimeUtil.toNanos(timestamp));
+    assertEquals(-888889, TimeUtil.toMicros(timestamp));
+    assertEquals(-889, TimeUtil.toMillis(timestamp));
+    timestamp = TimeUtil.createTimestampFromNanos(-888888889);
+    assertEquals("1969-12-31T23:59:59.111111111Z", TimeUtil.toString(timestamp));
+    timestamp = TimeUtil.createTimestampFromMicros(-888889);
+    assertEquals("1969-12-31T23:59:59.111111Z", TimeUtil.toString(timestamp));
+    timestamp = TimeUtil.createTimestampFromMillis(-889);
+    assertEquals("1969-12-31T23:59:59.111Z", TimeUtil.toString(timestamp));
+  }
+
+  public void testDurationConversion() throws Exception {
+    Duration duration = TimeUtil.parseDuration("1.111111111s");
+    assertEquals(1111111111, TimeUtil.toNanos(duration));
+    assertEquals(1111111, TimeUtil.toMicros(duration));
+    assertEquals(1111, TimeUtil.toMillis(duration));
+    duration = TimeUtil.createDurationFromNanos(1111111111);
+    assertEquals("1.111111111s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+    duration = TimeUtil.createDurationFromMicros(1111111);
+    assertEquals("1.111111s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+    duration = TimeUtil.createDurationFromMillis(1111);
+    assertEquals("1.111s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+
+    duration = TimeUtil.parseDuration("-1.111111111s");
+    assertEquals(-1111111111, TimeUtil.toNanos(duration));
+    assertEquals(-1111111, TimeUtil.toMicros(duration));
+    assertEquals(-1111, TimeUtil.toMillis(duration));
+    duration = TimeUtil.createDurationFromNanos(-1111111111);
+    assertEquals("-1.111111111s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+    duration = TimeUtil.createDurationFromMicros(-1111111);
+    assertEquals("-1.111111s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+    duration = TimeUtil.createDurationFromMillis(-1111);
+    assertEquals("-1.111s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+  }
+
+  public void testTimeOperations() throws Exception {
+    Timestamp start = TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z");
+    Timestamp end = TimeUtil.parseTimestamp("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z");
+
+    Duration duration = TimeUtil.distance(start, end);
+    assertEquals("315537897599.999999999s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+    Timestamp value = TimeUtil.add(start, duration);
+    assertEquals(end, value);
+    value = TimeUtil.subtract(end, duration);
+    assertEquals(start, value);
+
+    duration = TimeUtil.distance(end, start);
+    assertEquals("-315537897599.999999999s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+    value = TimeUtil.add(end, duration);
+    assertEquals(start, value);
+    value = TimeUtil.subtract(start, duration);
+    assertEquals(end, value);
+
+    // Result is larger than Long.MAX_VALUE.
+    try {
+      duration = TimeUtil.parseDuration("315537897599.999999999s");
+      duration = TimeUtil.multiply(duration, 315537897599.999999999);
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    // Result is lesser than Long.MIN_VALUE.
+    try {
+      duration = TimeUtil.parseDuration("315537897599.999999999s");
+      duration = TimeUtil.multiply(duration, -315537897599.999999999);
+      Assert.fail("Exception is expected.");
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      // Expected.
+    }
+
+    duration = TimeUtil.parseDuration("-1.125s");
+    duration = TimeUtil.divide(duration, 2.0);
+    assertEquals("-0.562500s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+    duration = TimeUtil.multiply(duration, 2.0);
+    assertEquals("-1.125s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+
+    duration = TimeUtil.add(duration, duration);
+    assertEquals("-2.250s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+
+    duration = TimeUtil.subtract(duration, TimeUtil.parseDuration("-1s"));
+    assertEquals("-1.250s", TimeUtil.toString(duration));
+
+    // Multiplications (with results larger than Long.MAX_VALUE in nanoseconds).
+    duration = TimeUtil.parseDuration("0.999999999s");
+    assertEquals(
+        "315575999684.424s", TimeUtil.toString(TimeUtil.multiply(duration, 315576000000L)));
+    duration = TimeUtil.parseDuration("-0.999999999s");
+    assertEquals(
+        "-315575999684.424s", TimeUtil.toString(TimeUtil.multiply(duration, 315576000000L)));
+    assertEquals(
+        "315575999684.424s", TimeUtil.toString(TimeUtil.multiply(duration, -315576000000L)));
+
+    // Divisions (with values larger than Long.MAX_VALUE in nanoseconds).
+    Duration d1 = TimeUtil.parseDuration("315576000000s");
+    Duration d2 = TimeUtil.subtract(d1, TimeUtil.createDurationFromNanos(1));
+    assertEquals(1, TimeUtil.divide(d1, d2));
+    assertEquals(0, TimeUtil.divide(d2, d1));
+    assertEquals("0.000000001s", TimeUtil.toString(TimeUtil.remainder(d1, d2)));
+    assertEquals("315575999999.999999999s", TimeUtil.toString(TimeUtil.remainder(d2, d1)));
+
+    // Divisions involving negative values.
+    //
+    // (-5) / 2 = -2, remainder = -1
+    d1 = TimeUtil.parseDuration("-5s");
+    d2 = TimeUtil.parseDuration("2s");
+    assertEquals(-2, TimeUtil.divide(d1, d2));
+    assertEquals(-2, TimeUtil.divide(d1, 2).getSeconds());
+    assertEquals(-1, TimeUtil.remainder(d1, d2).getSeconds());
+    // (-5) / (-2) = 2, remainder = -1
+    d1 = TimeUtil.parseDuration("-5s");
+    d2 = TimeUtil.parseDuration("-2s");
+    assertEquals(2, TimeUtil.divide(d1, d2));
+    assertEquals(2, TimeUtil.divide(d1, -2).getSeconds());
+    assertEquals(-1, TimeUtil.remainder(d1, d2).getSeconds());
+    // 5 / (-2) = -2, remainder = 1
+    d1 = TimeUtil.parseDuration("5s");
+    d2 = TimeUtil.parseDuration("-2s");
+    assertEquals(-2, TimeUtil.divide(d1, d2));
+    assertEquals(-2, TimeUtil.divide(d1, -2).getSeconds());
+    assertEquals(1, TimeUtil.remainder(d1, d2).getSeconds());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/ValuesTest.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/ValuesTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d646e9728
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/ValuesTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf.util;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.ListValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.NullValue;
+import com.google.protobuf.Struct;
+import com.google.protobuf.Value;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+public final class ValuesTest extends TestCase {
+  public void testOfNull_IsNullValue() throws Exception {
+    assertThat(Values.ofNull())
+        .isEqualTo(Value.newBuilder().setNullValue(NullValue.NULL_VALUE).build());
+  }
+
+  public void testOfBoolean_ConstructsValue() {
+    assertThat(Values.of(true)).isEqualTo(Value.newBuilder().setBoolValue(true).build());
+    assertThat(Values.of(false)).isEqualTo(Value.newBuilder().setBoolValue(false).build());
+  }
+
+  public void testOfNumeric_ConstructsValue() {
+    assertThat(Values.of(100)).isEqualTo(Value.newBuilder().setNumberValue(100).build());
+    assertThat(Values.of(1000L)).isEqualTo(Value.newBuilder().setNumberValue(1000).build());
+    assertThat(Values.of(1000.23f)).isEqualTo(Value.newBuilder().setNumberValue(1000.23f).build());
+    assertThat(Values.of(10000.23)).isEqualTo(Value.newBuilder().setNumberValue(10000.23).build());
+  }
+
+  public void testOfString_ConstructsValue() {
+    assertThat(Values.of("")).isEqualTo(Value.newBuilder().setStringValue("").build());
+    assertThat(Values.of("foo")).isEqualTo(Value.newBuilder().setStringValue("foo").build());
+  }
+
+  public void testOfStruct_ConstructsValue() {
+    Struct.Builder builder = Struct.newBuilder();
+    builder.putFields("a", Values.of("a"));
+    builder.putFields("b", Values.of("b"));
+
+    assertThat(Values.of(builder.build()))
+        .isEqualTo(Value.newBuilder().setStructValue(builder.build()).build());
+  }
+
+  public void testOfListValue_ConstructsInstance() {
+    ListValue.Builder builder = ListValue.newBuilder();
+    builder.addValues(Values.of(1));
+    builder.addValues(Values.of(2));
+
+    assertThat(Values.of(builder.build()))
+        .isEqualTo(Value.newBuilder().setListValue(builder.build()).build());
+  }
+
+  public void testOfIterable_ReturnsTheValue() {
+    ListValue.Builder builder = ListValue.newBuilder();
+    builder.addValues(Values.of(1));
+    builder.addValues(Values.of(2));
+    builder.addValues(Values.of(true));
+    builder.addValues(Value.newBuilder().setListValue(builder.build()).build());
+
+    List<Value> list = new ArrayList<>();
+    list.add(Values.of(1));
+    list.add(Values.of(2));
+    list.add(Values.of(true));
+    List<Value> copyList = new ArrayList<>(list);
+    list.add(Values.of(copyList));
+
+    assertThat(Values.of(list)).isEqualTo(Value.newBuilder().setListValue(builder).build());
+    assertThat(Values.of(new ArrayList<Value>()))
+        .isEqualTo(Value.newBuilder().setListValue(ListValue.getDefaultInstance()).build());
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/util/json_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/util/json_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba4fe0386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/java/util/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/util/json_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package json_test;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.util.proto";
+option java_outer_classname = "JsonTestProto";
+
+message TestAllTypes {
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+  }
+
+  enum AliasedEnum {
+    option allow_alias = true;
+
+    ALIAS_FOO = 0;
+    ALIAS_BAR = 1;
+    ALIAS_BAZ = 2;
+    QUX = 2;
+    qux = 2;
+    bAz = 2;
+  }
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 value = 1;
+  }
+
+  int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  sint32 optional_sint32 = 5;
+  sint64 optional_sint64 = 6;
+  fixed32 optional_fixed32 = 7;
+  fixed64 optional_fixed64 = 8;
+  sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 = 9;
+  sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  float optional_float = 11;
+  double optional_double = 12;
+  bool optional_bool = 13;
+  string optional_string = 14;
+  bytes optional_bytes = 15;
+  NestedMessage optional_nested_message = 18;
+  NestedEnum optional_nested_enum = 21;
+  AliasedEnum optional_aliased_enum = 52;
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 31;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 32;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 33;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 34;
+  repeated sint32 repeated_sint32 = 35;
+  repeated sint64 repeated_sint64 = 36;
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 37;
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 41;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 42;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 43;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 44;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 45;
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_nested_message = 48;
+  repeated NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 51;
+}
+
+message TestOneof {
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    int32 oneof_int32 = 1;
+    TestAllTypes.NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 2;
+    google.protobuf.NullValue oneof_null_value = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestMap {
+  // Instead of testing all combinations (too many), we only make sure all
+  // valid types have been used at least in one field as key and in one
+  // field as value.
+  map<int32, int32> int32_to_int32_map = 1;
+  map<int64, int32> int64_to_int32_map = 2;
+  map<uint32, int32> uint32_to_int32_map = 3;
+  map<uint64, int32> uint64_to_int32_map = 4;
+  map<sint32, int32> sint32_to_int32_map = 5;
+  map<sint64, int32> sint64_to_int32_map = 6;
+  map<fixed32, int32> fixed32_to_int32_map = 7;
+  map<fixed64, int32> fixed64_to_int32_map = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, int32> sfixed32_to_int32_map = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, int32> sfixed64_to_int32_map = 10;
+  map<bool, int32> bool_to_int32_map = 11;
+  map<string, int32> string_to_int32_map = 12;
+
+  map<int32, int64> int32_to_int64_map = 101;
+  map<int32, uint32> int32_to_uint32_map = 102;
+  map<int32, uint64> int32_to_uint64_map = 103;
+  map<int32, sint32> int32_to_sint32_map = 104;
+  map<int32, sint64> int32_to_sint64_map = 105;
+  map<int32, fixed32> int32_to_fixed32_map = 106;
+  map<int32, fixed64> int32_to_fixed64_map = 107;
+  map<int32, sfixed32> int32_to_sfixed32_map = 108;
+  map<int32, sfixed64> int32_to_sfixed64_map = 109;
+  map<int32, float> int32_to_float_map = 110;
+  map<int32, double> int32_to_double_map = 111;
+  map<int32, bool> int32_to_bool_map = 112;
+  map<int32, string> int32_to_string_map = 113;
+  map<int32, bytes> int32_to_bytes_map = 114;
+  map<int32, TestAllTypes.NestedMessage> int32_to_message_map = 115;
+  map<int32, TestAllTypes.NestedEnum> int32_to_enum_map = 116;
+}
+
+message TestWrappers {
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value int32_value = 1;
+  google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32_value = 2;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_value = 3;
+  google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64_value = 4;
+  google.protobuf.FloatValue float_value = 5;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_value = 6;
+  google.protobuf.BoolValue bool_value = 7;
+  google.protobuf.StringValue string_value = 8;
+  google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes_value = 9;
+}
+
+message TestTimestamp {
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp_value = 1;
+}
+
+message TestDuration {
+  google.protobuf.Duration duration_value = 1;
+}
+
+message TestFieldMask {
+  google.protobuf.FieldMask field_mask_value = 1;
+}
+
+message TestStruct {
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Value value = 2;
+  google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 3;
+}
+
+message TestAny {
+  google.protobuf.Any any_value = 1;
+  map<string, google.protobuf.Any> any_map = 2;
+}
+
+message TestCustomJsonName {
+  int32 value = 1 [json_name = "@value"];
+}
+
+message TestRecursive {
+  int32 value = 1;
+  TestRecursive nested = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3635028fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+===================================================
+
+[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-javascript.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fjavascript%2Fcontinuous) [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-javascript.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fjavascript%2Fcontinuous)
+
+Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+
+This directory contains the JavaScript Protocol Buffers runtime library.
+
+The library is currently compatible with:
+
+1. CommonJS-style imports (eg. `var protos = require('my-protos');`)
+2. Closure-style imports (eg. `goog.require('my.package.MyProto');`)
+
+Support for ES6-style imports is not implemented yet.  Browsers can
+be supported by using Browserify, webpack, Closure Compiler, etc. to
+resolve imports at compile time.
+
+To use Protocol Buffers with JavaScript, you need two main components:
+
+1. The protobuf runtime library.  You can install this with
+   `npm install google-protobuf`, or use the files in this directory.
+    If npm is not being used, as of 3.3.0, the files needed are located in binary subdirectory;
+    arith.js, constants.js, decoder.js, encoder.js, map.js, message.js, reader.js, utils.js, writer.js
+2. The Protocol Compiler `protoc`.  This translates `.proto` files
+   into `.js` files.  The compiler is not currently available via
+   npm, but you can download a pre-built binary
+   [on GitHub](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases)
+   (look for the `protoc-*.zip` files under **Downloads**).
+
+
+Setup
+=====
+
+First, obtain the Protocol Compiler.  The easiest way is to download
+a pre-built binary from [https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases).
+
+If you want, you can compile `protoc` from source instead.  To do this
+follow the instructions in [the top-level
+README](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/src/README.md).
+
+Once you have `protoc` compiled, you can run the tests by typing:
+
+    $ cd js
+    $ npm install
+    $ npm test
+
+    # If your protoc is somewhere else than ../src/protoc, instead do this.
+    # But make sure your protoc is the same version as this (or compatible)!
+    $ PROTOC=/usr/local/bin/protoc npm test
+
+This will run two separate copies of the tests: one that uses
+Closure Compiler style imports and one that uses CommonJS imports.
+You can see all the CommonJS files in `commonjs_out/`.
+If all of these tests pass, you know you have a working setup.
+
+
+Using Protocol Buffers in your own project
+==========================================
+
+To use Protocol Buffers in your own project, you need to integrate
+the Protocol Compiler into your build system.  The details are a
+little different depending on whether you are using Closure imports
+or CommonJS imports:
+
+Closure Imports
+---------------
+
+If you want to use Closure imports, your build should run a command
+like this:
+
+    $ protoc --js_out=library=myproto_libs,binary:. messages.proto base.proto
+
+For Closure imports, `protoc` will generate a single output file
+(`myproto_libs.js` in this example).  The generated file will `goog.provide()`
+all of the types defined in your .proto files.  For example, for the unit
+tests the generated files contain many `goog.provide` statements like:
+
+    goog.provide('proto.google.protobuf.DescriptorProto');
+    goog.provide('proto.google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange');
+    goog.provide('proto.google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange');
+    goog.provide('proto.google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto');
+    goog.provide('proto.google.protobuf.EnumOptions');
+
+The generated code will also `goog.require()` many types in the core library,
+and they will require many types in the Google Closure library.  So make sure
+that your `goog.provide()` / `goog.require()` setup can find all of your
+generated code, the core library `.js` files in this directory, and the
+Google Closure library itself.
+
+Once you've done this, you should be able to import your types with
+statements like:
+
+    goog.require('proto.my.package.MyMessage');
+
+    var message = proto.my.package.MyMessage();
+
+If unfamiliar with Closure or it's compiler, consider reviewing Closure documentation
+https://developers.google.com/closure/library/docs/tutorial
+https://developers.google.com/closure/library/docs/closurebuilder
+https://developers.google.com/closure/library/docs/depswriter
+At a high level, closurebuilder.py can walk dependencies, and compile your code, and all dependencies for Protobuf into a single .js file.  Using depsbuilder.py to generate a dependency file can also be considered for non-production dev environments.
+
+CommonJS imports
+----------------
+
+If you want to use CommonJS imports, your build should run a command
+like this:
+
+    $ protoc --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:. messages.proto base.proto
+
+For CommonJS imports, `protoc` will spit out one file per input file
+(so `messages_pb.js` and `base_pb.js` in this example).  The generated
+code will depend on the core runtime, which should be in a file called
+`google-protobuf.js`.  If you are installing from `npm`, this file should
+already be built and available.  If you are running from GitHub, you need
+to build it first by running:
+
+    $ gulp dist
+
+Once you've done this, you should be able to import your types with
+statements like:
+
+    var messages = require('./messages_pb');
+
+    var message = new messages.MyMessage();
+
+The `--js_out` flag
+-------------------
+
+The syntax of the `--js_out` flag is:
+
+    --js_out=[OPTIONS:]output_dir
+
+Where `OPTIONS` are separated by commas.  Options are either `opt=val` or
+just `opt` (for options that don't take a value).  The available options
+are specified and documented in the `GeneratorOptions` struct in
+[src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.h](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.h#L53).
+
+Some examples:
+
+- `--js_out=library=myprotos_lib.js,binary:.`: this contains the options
+  `library=myprotos.lib.js` and `binary` and outputs to the current directory.
+  The `import_style` option is left to the default, which is `closure`.
+- `--js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:protos`: this contains the options
+  `import_style=commonjs` and `binary` and outputs to the directory `protos`.
+  `import_style=commonjs_strict` doesn't expose the output on the global scope.
+
+API
+===
+
+The API is not well-documented yet.  Here is a quick example to give you an
+idea of how the library generally works:
+
+    var message = new MyMessage();
+
+    message.setName("John Doe");
+    message.setAge(25);
+    message.setPhoneNumbers(["800-555-1212", "800-555-0000"]);
+
+    // Serializes to a UInt8Array.
+    var bytes = message.serializeBinary();
+
+    var message2 = MyMessage.deserializeBinary(bytes);
+
+For more examples, see the tests.  You can also look at the generated code
+to see what methods are defined for your generated messages.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/arith.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/arith.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62528a263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/arith.js
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview This file contains helper code used by jspb.utils to
+ * handle 64-bit integer conversion to/from strings.
+ *
+ * @author cfallin@google.com (Chris Fallin)
+ *
+ * TODO(haberman): move this to javascript/closure/math?
+ */
+
+goog.provide('jspb.arith.Int64');
+goog.provide('jspb.arith.UInt64');
+
+/**
+ * UInt64 implements some 64-bit arithmetic routines necessary for properly
+ * handling 64-bit integer fields. It implements lossless integer arithmetic on
+ * top of JavaScript's number type, which has only 53 bits of precision, by
+ * representing 64-bit integers as two 32-bit halves.
+ *
+ * @param {number} lo The low 32 bits.
+ * @param {number} hi The high 32 bits.
+ * @constructor
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64 = function(lo, hi) {
+  /**
+   * The low 32 bits.
+   * @public {number}
+   */
+  this.lo = lo;
+  /**
+   * The high 32 bits.
+   * @public {number}
+   */
+  this.hi = hi;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Compare two 64-bit numbers. Returns -1 if the first is
+ * less, +1 if the first is greater, or 0 if both are equal.
+ * @param {!jspb.arith.UInt64} other
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64.prototype.cmp = function(other) {
+  if (this.hi < other.hi || (this.hi == other.hi && this.lo < other.lo)) {
+    return -1;
+  } else if (this.hi == other.hi && this.lo == other.lo) {
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    return 1;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Right-shift this number by one bit.
+ * @return {!jspb.arith.UInt64}
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64.prototype.rightShift = function() {
+  var hi = this.hi >>> 1;
+  var lo = (this.lo >>> 1) | ((this.hi & 1) << 31);
+  return new jspb.arith.UInt64(lo >>> 0, hi >>> 0);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Left-shift this number by one bit.
+ * @return {!jspb.arith.UInt64}
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64.prototype.leftShift = function() {
+  var lo = this.lo << 1;
+  var hi = (this.hi << 1) | (this.lo >>> 31);
+  return new jspb.arith.UInt64(lo >>> 0, hi >>> 0);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Test the MSB.
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64.prototype.msb = function() {
+  return !!(this.hi & 0x80000000);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Test the LSB.
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64.prototype.lsb = function() {
+  return !!(this.lo & 1);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Test whether this number is zero.
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64.prototype.zero = function() {
+  return this.lo == 0 && this.hi == 0;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Add two 64-bit numbers to produce a 64-bit number.
+ * @param {!jspb.arith.UInt64} other
+ * @return {!jspb.arith.UInt64}
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64.prototype.add = function(other) {
+  var lo = ((this.lo + other.lo) & 0xffffffff) >>> 0;
+  var hi =
+      (((this.hi + other.hi) & 0xffffffff) >>> 0) +
+      (((this.lo + other.lo) >= 0x100000000) ? 1 : 0);
+  return new jspb.arith.UInt64(lo >>> 0, hi >>> 0);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Subtract two 64-bit numbers to produce a 64-bit number.
+ * @param {!jspb.arith.UInt64} other
+ * @return {!jspb.arith.UInt64}
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64.prototype.sub = function(other) {
+  var lo = ((this.lo - other.lo) & 0xffffffff) >>> 0;
+  var hi =
+      (((this.hi - other.hi) & 0xffffffff) >>> 0) -
+      (((this.lo - other.lo) < 0) ? 1 : 0);
+  return new jspb.arith.UInt64(lo >>> 0, hi >>> 0);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Multiply two 32-bit numbers to produce a 64-bit number.
+ * @param {number} a The first integer:  must be in [0, 2^32-1).
+ * @param {number} b The second integer: must be in [0, 2^32-1).
+ * @return {!jspb.arith.UInt64}
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64.mul32x32 = function(a, b) {
+  // Directly multiplying two 32-bit numbers may produce up to 64 bits of
+  // precision, thus losing precision because of the 53-bit mantissa of
+  // JavaScript numbers. So we multiply with 16-bit digits (radix 65536)
+  // instead.
+  var aLow = (a & 0xffff);
+  var aHigh = (a >>> 16);
+  var bLow = (b & 0xffff);
+  var bHigh = (b >>> 16);
+  var productLow =
+      // 32-bit result, result bits 0-31, take all 32 bits
+      (aLow * bLow) +
+      // 32-bit result, result bits 16-47, take bottom 16 as our top 16
+      ((aLow * bHigh) & 0xffff) * 0x10000 +
+      // 32-bit result, result bits 16-47, take bottom 16 as our top 16
+      ((aHigh * bLow) & 0xffff) * 0x10000;
+  var productHigh =
+      // 32-bit result, result bits 32-63, take all 32 bits
+      (aHigh * bHigh) +
+      // 32-bit result, result bits 16-47, take top 16 as our bottom 16
+      ((aLow * bHigh) >>> 16) +
+      // 32-bit result, result bits 16-47, take top 16 as our bottom 16
+      ((aHigh * bLow) >>> 16);
+
+  // Carry. Note that we actually have up to *two* carries due to addition of
+  // three terms.
+  while (productLow >= 0x100000000) {
+    productLow -= 0x100000000;
+    productHigh += 1;
+  }
+
+  return new jspb.arith.UInt64(productLow >>> 0, productHigh >>> 0);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Multiply this number by a 32-bit number, producing a 96-bit number, then
+ * truncate the top 32 bits.
+ * @param {number} a The multiplier.
+ * @return {!jspb.arith.UInt64}
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64.prototype.mul = function(a) {
+  // Produce two parts: at bits 0-63, and 32-95.
+  var lo = jspb.arith.UInt64.mul32x32(this.lo, a);
+  var hi = jspb.arith.UInt64.mul32x32(this.hi, a);
+  // Left-shift hi by 32 bits, truncating its top bits. The parts will then be
+  // aligned for addition.
+  hi.hi = hi.lo;
+  hi.lo = 0;
+  return lo.add(hi);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Divide a 64-bit number by a 32-bit number to produce a
+ * 64-bit quotient and a 32-bit remainder.
+ * @param {number} _divisor
+ * @return {Array<jspb.arith.UInt64>} array of [quotient, remainder],
+ * unless divisor is 0, in which case an empty array is returned.
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64.prototype.div = function(_divisor) {
+  if (_divisor == 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  // We perform long division using a radix-2 algorithm, for simplicity (i.e.,
+  // one bit at a time). TODO: optimize to a radix-2^32 algorithm, taking care
+  // to get the variable shifts right.
+  var quotient = new jspb.arith.UInt64(0, 0);
+  var remainder = new jspb.arith.UInt64(this.lo, this.hi);
+  var divisor = new jspb.arith.UInt64(_divisor, 0);
+  var unit = new jspb.arith.UInt64(1, 0);
+
+  // Left-shift the divisor and unit until the high bit of divisor is set.
+  while (!divisor.msb()) {
+    divisor = divisor.leftShift();
+    unit = unit.leftShift();
+  }
+
+  // Perform long division one bit at a time.
+  while (!unit.zero()) {
+    // If divisor < remainder, add unit to quotient and subtract divisor from
+    // remainder.
+    if (divisor.cmp(remainder) <= 0) {
+      quotient = quotient.add(unit);
+      remainder = remainder.sub(divisor);
+    }
+    // Right-shift the divisor and unit.
+    divisor = divisor.rightShift();
+    unit = unit.rightShift();
+  }
+
+  return [quotient, remainder];
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Convert a 64-bit number to a string.
+ * @return {string}
+ * @override
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64.prototype.toString = function() {
+  var result = '';
+  var num = this;
+  while (!num.zero()) {
+    var divResult = num.div(10);
+    var quotient = divResult[0], remainder = divResult[1];
+    result = remainder.lo + result;
+    num = quotient;
+  }
+  if (result == '') {
+    result = '0';
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Parse a string into a 64-bit number. Returns `null` on a parse error.
+ * @param {string} s
+ * @return {?jspb.arith.UInt64}
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64.fromString = function(s) {
+  var result = new jspb.arith.UInt64(0, 0);
+  // optimization: reuse this instance for each digit.
+  var digit64 = new jspb.arith.UInt64(0, 0);
+  for (var i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
+    if (s[i] < '0' || s[i] > '9') {
+      return null;
+    }
+    var digit = parseInt(s[i], 10);
+    digit64.lo = digit;
+    result = result.mul(10).add(digit64);
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Make a copy of the uint64.
+ * @return {!jspb.arith.UInt64}
+ */
+jspb.arith.UInt64.prototype.clone = function() {
+  return new jspb.arith.UInt64(this.lo, this.hi);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Int64 is like UInt64, but modifies string conversions to interpret the stored
+ * 64-bit value as a twos-complement-signed integer. It does *not* support the
+ * full range of operations that UInt64 does: only add, subtract, and string
+ * conversions.
+ *
+ * N.B. that multiply and divide routines are *NOT* supported. They will throw
+ * exceptions. (They are not necessary to implement string conversions, which
+ * are the only operations we really need in jspb.)
+ *
+ * @param {number} lo The low 32 bits.
+ * @param {number} hi The high 32 bits.
+ * @constructor
+ */
+jspb.arith.Int64 = function(lo, hi) {
+  /**
+   * The low 32 bits.
+   * @public {number}
+   */
+  this.lo = lo;
+  /**
+   * The high 32 bits.
+   * @public {number}
+   */
+  this.hi = hi;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Add two 64-bit numbers to produce a 64-bit number.
+ * @param {!jspb.arith.Int64} other
+ * @return {!jspb.arith.Int64}
+ */
+jspb.arith.Int64.prototype.add = function(other) {
+  var lo = ((this.lo + other.lo) & 0xffffffff) >>> 0;
+  var hi =
+      (((this.hi + other.hi) & 0xffffffff) >>> 0) +
+      (((this.lo + other.lo) >= 0x100000000) ? 1 : 0);
+  return new jspb.arith.Int64(lo >>> 0, hi >>> 0);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Subtract two 64-bit numbers to produce a 64-bit number.
+ * @param {!jspb.arith.Int64} other
+ * @return {!jspb.arith.Int64}
+ */
+jspb.arith.Int64.prototype.sub = function(other) {
+  var lo = ((this.lo - other.lo) & 0xffffffff) >>> 0;
+  var hi =
+      (((this.hi - other.hi) & 0xffffffff) >>> 0) -
+      (((this.lo - other.lo) < 0) ? 1 : 0);
+  return new jspb.arith.Int64(lo >>> 0, hi >>> 0);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Make a copy of the int64.
+ * @return {!jspb.arith.Int64}
+ */
+jspb.arith.Int64.prototype.clone = function() {
+  return new jspb.arith.Int64(this.lo, this.hi);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Convert a 64-bit number to a string.
+ * @return {string}
+ * @override
+ */
+jspb.arith.Int64.prototype.toString = function() {
+  // If the number is negative, find its twos-complement inverse.
+  var sign = (this.hi & 0x80000000) != 0;
+  var num = new jspb.arith.UInt64(this.lo, this.hi);
+  if (sign) {
+    num = new jspb.arith.UInt64(0, 0).sub(num);
+  }
+  return (sign ? '-' : '') + num.toString();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Parse a string into a 64-bit number. Returns `null` on a parse error.
+ * @param {string} s
+ * @return {?jspb.arith.Int64}
+ */
+jspb.arith.Int64.fromString = function(s) {
+  var hasNegative = (s.length > 0 && s[0] == '-');
+  if (hasNegative) {
+    s = s.substring(1);
+  }
+  var num = jspb.arith.UInt64.fromString(s);
+  if (num === null) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (hasNegative) {
+    num = new jspb.arith.UInt64(0, 0).sub(num);
+  }
+  return new jspb.arith.Int64(num.lo, num.hi);
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/arith_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/arith_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd5791a7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/arith_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for Int64-manipulation functions.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author cfallin@google.com (Chris Fallin)
+ */
+
+goog.require('jspb.arith.Int64');
+goog.require('jspb.arith.UInt64');
+
+
+describe('binaryArithTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests comparison operations.
+   */
+  it('testCompare', function() {
+    var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(1234, 5678);
+    var b = new jspb.arith.UInt64(1234, 5678);
+    expect(a.cmp(b)).toEqual(0);
+    expect(b.cmp(a)).toEqual(0);
+    b.lo -= 1;
+    expect(a.cmp(b)).toEqual(1);
+    expect(b.cmp(a)).toEqual(-1);
+    b.lo += 2;
+    expect(a.cmp(b)).toEqual(-1);
+    expect(b.cmp(a)).toEqual(1);
+    b.lo = a.lo;
+    b.hi = a.hi - 1;
+    expect(a.cmp(b)).toEqual(1);
+    expect(b.cmp(a)).toEqual(-1);
+
+    expect(a.zero()).toEqual(false);
+    expect(a.msb()).toEqual(false);
+    expect(a.lsb()).toEqual(false);
+    a.hi = 0;
+    a.lo = 0;
+    expect(a.zero()).toEqual(true);
+    a.hi = 0x80000000;
+    expect(a.zero()).toEqual(false);
+    expect(a.msb()).toEqual(true);
+    a.lo = 0x00000001;
+    expect(a.lsb()).toEqual(true);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests shifts.
+   */
+  it('testShifts', function() {
+    var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(1, 0);
+    expect(a.lo).toEqual(1);
+    expect(a.hi).toEqual(0);
+    var orig = a;
+    a = a.leftShift();
+    expect(orig.lo).toEqual(1);  // original unmodified.
+    expect(orig.hi).toEqual(0);
+    expect(a.lo).toEqual(2);
+    expect(a.hi).toEqual(0);
+    a = a.leftShift();
+    expect(a.lo).toEqual(4);
+    expect(a.hi).toEqual(0);
+    for (var i = 0; i < 29; i++) {
+      a = a.leftShift();
+    }
+    expect(a.lo).toEqual(0x80000000);
+    expect(a.hi).toEqual(0);
+    a = a.leftShift();
+    expect(a.lo).toEqual(0);
+    expect(a.hi).toEqual(1);
+    a = a.leftShift();
+    expect(a.lo).toEqual(0);
+    expect(a.hi).toEqual(2);
+    a = a.rightShift();
+    a = a.rightShift();
+    expect(a.lo).toEqual(0x80000000);
+    expect(a.hi).toEqual(0);
+    a = a.rightShift();
+    expect(a.lo).toEqual(0x40000000);
+    expect(a.hi).toEqual(0);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests additions.
+   */
+  it('testAdd', function() {
+    var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(/* lo = */ 0x89abcdef,
+                                         /* hi = */ 0x01234567);
+    var b = new jspb.arith.UInt64(/* lo = */ 0xff52ab91,
+                                         /* hi = */ 0x92fa2123);
+    // Addition with carry.
+    var c = a.add(b);
+    expect(a.lo).toEqual(0x89abcdef);  // originals unmodified.
+    expect(a.hi).toEqual(0x01234567);
+    expect(b.lo).toEqual(0xff52ab91);
+    expect(b.hi).toEqual(0x92fa2123);
+    expect(c.lo).toEqual(0x88fe7980);
+    expect(c.hi).toEqual(0x941d668b);
+
+    // Simple addition without carry.
+    a.lo = 2;
+    a.hi = 0;
+    b.lo = 3;
+    b.hi = 0;
+    c = a.add(b);
+    expect(c.lo).toEqual(5);
+    expect(c.hi).toEqual(0);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test subtractions.
+   */
+  it('testSub', function() {
+    var kLength = 10;
+    var hiValues = [0x1682ef32,
+                    0x583902f7,
+                    0xb62f5955,
+                    0x6ea99bbf,
+                    0x25a39c20,
+                    0x0700a08b,
+                    0x00f7304d,
+                    0x91a5b5af,
+                    0x89077fd2,
+                    0xe09e347c];
+    var loValues = [0xe1538b18,
+                    0xbeacd556,
+                    0x74100758,
+                    0x96e3cb26,
+                    0x56c37c3f,
+                    0xe00b3f7d,
+                    0x859f25d7,
+                    0xc2ee614a,
+                    0xe1d21cd7,
+                    0x30aae6a4];
+    for (var i = 0; i < kLength; i++) {
+      for (var j = 0; j < kLength; j++) {
+        var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(loValues[i], hiValues[j]);
+        var b = new jspb.arith.UInt64(loValues[j], hiValues[i]);
+        var c = a.add(b).sub(b);
+        expect(c.hi).toEqual(a.hi);
+        expect(c.lo).toEqual(a.lo);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests 32-by-32 multiplication.
+   */
+  it('testMul32x32', function() {
+    var testData = [
+      // a        b          low(a*b)   high(a*b)
+      [0xc0abe2f8, 0x1607898a, 0x5de711b0, 0x109471b8],
+      [0x915eb3cb, 0x4fb66d0e, 0xbd0d441a, 0x2d43d0bc],
+      [0xfe4efe70, 0x80b48c37, 0xbcddea10, 0x7fdada0c],
+      [0xe222fd4a, 0xe43d524a, 0xd5e0eb64, 0xc99d549c],
+      [0xd171f469, 0xb94ebd01, 0x4be17969, 0x979bc4fa],
+      [0x829cc1df, 0xe2598b38, 0xf4157dc8, 0x737c12ad],
+      [0xf10c3767, 0x8382881e, 0x942b3612, 0x7bd428b8],
+      [0xb0f6dd24, 0x232597e1, 0x079c98a4, 0x184bbce7],
+      [0xfcdb05a7, 0x902f55bc, 0x636199a4, 0x8e69f412],
+      [0x0dd0bfa9, 0x916e27b1, 0x6e2542d9, 0x07d92e65]
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testData.length; i++) {
+      var a = testData[i][0] >>> 0;
+      var b = testData[i][1] >>> 0;
+      var cLow = testData[i][2] >>> 0;
+      var cHigh = testData[i][3] >>> 0;
+      var c = jspb.arith.UInt64.mul32x32(a, b);
+      expect(c.lo).toEqual(cLow);
+      expect(c.hi).toEqual(cHigh);
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests 64-by-32 multiplication.
+   */
+  it('testMul', function() {
+    // 64x32 bits produces 96 bits of product. The multiplication function under
+    // test truncates the top 32 bits, so we compare against a 64-bit expected
+    // product.
+    var testData = [
+      // low(a)   high(a)               low(a*b)   high(a*b)
+      [0xec10955b, 0x360eb168, 0x4b7f3f5b, 0xbfcb7c59, 0x9517da5f],
+      [0x42b000fc, 0x9d101642, 0x6fa1ab72, 0x2584c438, 0x6a9e6d2b],
+      [0xf42d4fb4, 0xae366403, 0xa65a1000, 0x92434000, 0x1ff978df],
+      [0x17e2f56b, 0x25487693, 0xf13f98c7, 0x73794e2d, 0xa96b0c6a],
+      [0x492f241f, 0x76c0eb67, 0x7377ac44, 0xd4336c3c, 0xfc4b1ebe],
+      [0xd6b92321, 0xe184fa48, 0xd6e76904, 0x93141584, 0xcbf44da1],
+      [0x4bf007ea, 0x968c0a9e, 0xf5e4026a, 0x4fdb1ae4, 0x61b9fb7d],
+      [0x10a83be7, 0x2d685ba6, 0xc9e5fb7f, 0x2ad43499, 0x3742473d],
+      [0x2f261829, 0x1aca681a, 0x3d3494e3, 0x8213205b, 0x283719f8],
+      [0xe4f2ce21, 0x2e74b7bd, 0xd801b38b, 0xbc17feeb, 0xc6c44e0f]
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testData.length; i++) {
+      var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(testData[i][0], testData[i][1]);
+      var prod = a.mul(testData[i][2]);
+      expect(prod.lo).toEqual(testData[i][3]);
+      expect(prod.hi).toEqual(testData[i][4]);
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests 64-div-by-32 division.
+   */
+  it('testDiv', function() {
+    // Compute a/b, yielding quot = a/b and rem = a%b.
+    var testData = [
+      // --- divisors in (0, 2^32-1) to test full divisor range
+      // low(a)   high(a)    b          low(quot)  high(quot) rem
+      [0x712443f1, 0xe85cefcc, 0xc1a7050b, 0x332c79ad, 0x00000001, 0x92ffa882],
+      [0x11912915, 0xb2699eb5, 0x30467cbe, 0xb21b4be4, 0x00000003, 0x283465dd],
+      [0x0d917982, 0x201f2a6e, 0x3f35bf03, 0x8217c8e4, 0x00000000, 0x153402d6],
+      [0xa072c108, 0x74020c96, 0xc60568fd, 0x95f9613e, 0x00000000, 0x3f4676c2],
+      [0xd845d5d8, 0xcdd235c4, 0x20426475, 0x6154e78b, 0x00000006, 0x202fb751],
+      [0xa4dbf71f, 0x9e90465e, 0xf08e022f, 0xa8be947f, 0x00000000, 0xbe43b5ce],
+      [0x3dbe627f, 0xa791f4b9, 0x28a5bd89, 0x1f5dfe93, 0x00000004, 0x02bf9ed4],
+      [0x5c1c53ee, 0xccf5102e, 0x198576e7, 0x07e3ae31, 0x00000008, 0x02ea8fb7],
+      [0xfef1e581, 0x04714067, 0xca6540c1, 0x059e73ec, 0x00000000, 0x31658095],
+      [0x1e2dd90c, 0x13dd6667, 0x8b2184c3, 0x248d1a42, 0x00000000, 0x4ca6d0c6],
+      // --- divisors in (0, 2^16-1) to test larger quotient high-words
+      // low(a)   high(a)    b          low(quot)  high(quot) rem
+      [0x86722b47, 0x2cd57c9a, 0x00003123, 0x2ae41b7a, 0x0000e995, 0x00000f99],
+      [0x1dd7884c, 0xf5e839bc, 0x00009eeb, 0x5c886242, 0x00018c21, 0x000099b6],
+      [0x5c53d625, 0x899fc7e5, 0x000087d7, 0xd625007a, 0x0001035c, 0x000019af],
+      [0x6932d932, 0x9d0a5488, 0x000051fb, 0x9d976143, 0x0001ea63, 0x00004981],
+      [0x4d18bb85, 0x0c92fb31, 0x00001d9f, 0x03265ab4, 0x00006cac, 0x000001b9],
+      [0xbe756768, 0xdea67ccb, 0x00008a03, 0x58add442, 0x00019cff, 0x000056a2],
+      [0xe2466f9a, 0x2521f114, 0x0000c350, 0xa0c0860d, 0x000030ab, 0x0000a48a],
+      [0xf00ddad1, 0xe2f5446a, 0x00002cfc, 0x762697a6, 0x00050b96, 0x00000b69],
+      [0xa879152a, 0x0a70e0a5, 0x00007cdf, 0xb44151b3, 0x00001567, 0x0000363d],
+      [0x7179a74c, 0x46083fff, 0x0000253c, 0x4d39ba6e, 0x0001e17f, 0x00000f84]
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testData.length; i++) {
+      var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(testData[i][0], testData[i][1]);
+      var result = a.div(testData[i][2]);
+      var quotient = result[0];
+      var remainder = result[1];
+      expect(quotient.lo).toEqual(testData[i][3]);
+      expect(quotient.hi).toEqual(testData[i][4]);
+      expect(remainder.lo).toEqual(testData[i][5]);
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests .toString() and .fromString().
+   */
+  it('testStrings', function() {
+    var testData = [
+        [0x5e84c935, 0xcae33d0e, '14619595947299359029'],
+        [0x62b3b8b8, 0x93480544, '10612738313170434232'],
+        [0x319bfb13, 0xc01c4172, '13843011313344445203'],
+        [0x5b8a65fb, 0xa5885b31, '11927883880638080507'],
+        [0x6bdb80f1, 0xb0d1b16b, '12741159895737008369'],
+        [0x4b82b442, 0x2e0d8c97, '3318463081876730946'],
+        [0x780d5208, 0x7d76752c, '9040542135845999112'],
+        [0x2e46800f, 0x0993778d, '690026616168284175'],
+        [0xf00a7e32, 0xcd8e3931, '14811839111111540274'],
+        [0x1baeccd6, 0x923048c4, '10533999535534820566'],
+        [0x03669d29, 0xbff3ab72, '13831587386756603177'],
+        [0x2526073e, 0x01affc81, '121593346566522686'],
+        [0xc24244e0, 0xd7f40d0e, '15561076969511732448'],
+        [0xc56a341e, 0xa68b66a7, '12000798502816461854'],
+        [0x8738d64d, 0xbfe78604, '13828168534871037517'],
+        [0x5baff03b, 0xd7572aea, '15516918227177304123'],
+        [0x4a843d8a, 0x864e132b, '9677693725920476554'],
+        [0x25b4e94d, 0x22b54dc6, '2500990681505655117'],
+        [0x6bbe664b, 0x55a5cc0e, '6171563226690381387'],
+        [0xee916c81, 0xb00aabb3, '12685140089732426881']
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testData.length; i++) {
+      var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(testData[i][0], testData[i][1]);
+      var roundtrip = jspb.arith.UInt64.fromString(a.toString());
+      expect(roundtrip.lo).toEqual(a.lo);
+      expect(roundtrip.hi).toEqual(a.hi);
+      expect(a.toString()).toEqual(testData[i][2]);
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests signed Int64s. These are built on UInt64s, so we only need to test
+   * the explicit overrides: .toString() and .fromString().
+   */
+  it('testSignedInt64', function() {
+    var testStrings = [
+        '-7847499644178593666',
+        '3771946501229139523',
+        '2872856549054995060',
+        '-5780049594274350904',
+        '3383785956695105201',
+        '2973055184857072610',
+        '-3879428459215627206',
+        '4589812431064156631',
+        '8484075557333689940',
+        '1075325817098092407',
+        '-4346697501012292314',
+        '2488620459718316637',
+        '6112655187423520672',
+        '-3655278273928612104',
+        '3439154019435803196',
+        '1004112478843763757',
+        '-6587790776614368413',
+        '664320065099714586',
+        '4760412909973292912',
+        '-7911903989602274672'
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testStrings.length; i++) {
+      var roundtrip =
+          jspb.arith.Int64.fromString(testStrings[i]).toString();
+      expect(roundtrip).toEqual(testStrings[i]);
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/constants.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/constants.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8b13a8b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/constants.js
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview This file contains constants and typedefs used by
+ * jspb.BinaryReader and BinaryWriter.
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.provide('jspb.AnyFieldType');
+goog.provide('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+goog.provide('jspb.BinaryMessage');
+goog.provide('jspb.BuilderFunction');
+goog.provide('jspb.ByteSource');
+goog.provide('jspb.ClonerFunction');
+goog.provide('jspb.ComparerFunction');
+goog.provide('jspb.ConstBinaryMessage');
+goog.provide('jspb.PrunerFunction');
+goog.provide('jspb.ReaderFunction');
+goog.provide('jspb.RecyclerFunction');
+goog.provide('jspb.RepeatedFieldType');
+goog.provide('jspb.ScalarFieldType');
+goog.provide('jspb.WriterFunction');
+
+
+goog.forwardDeclare('jspb.BinaryMessage');
+goog.forwardDeclare('jspb.BinaryReader');
+goog.forwardDeclare('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+goog.forwardDeclare('jspb.Message');
+goog.forwardDeclare('jsprotolib.BinaryExtension');
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Base interface class for all const messages.
+ * @interface
+ */
+jspb.ConstBinaryMessage = function() {};
+
+/**
+ * Generate a debug string for this proto that is in proto2 text format.
+ * @return {string} The debug string.
+ */
+jspb.ConstBinaryMessage.prototype.toDebugString;
+
+/**
+ * Helper to generate a debug string for this proto at some indent level. The
+ * first line is not indented.
+ * @param {number} indentLevel The number of spaces by which to indent lines.
+ * @return {string} The debug string.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.ConstBinaryMessage.prototype.toDebugStringInternal;
+
+/**
+ * Base interface class for all messages. Does __not__ define any methods, as
+ * doing so on a widely-used interface defeats dead-code elimination.
+ * @interface
+ * @extends {jspb.ConstBinaryMessage}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryMessage = function() {};
+
+
+/**
+ * The types convertible to Uint8Arrays. Strings are assumed to be
+ * base64-encoded.
+ * @typedef {ArrayBuffer|Uint8Array|Array<number>|string}
+ */
+jspb.ByteSource;
+
+
+/**
+ * A scalar field in jspb can be a boolean, number, or string.
+ * @typedef {boolean|number|string}
+ */
+jspb.ScalarFieldType;
+
+
+/**
+ * A repeated field in jspb is an array of scalars, blobs, or messages.
+ * @typedef {!Array<jspb.ScalarFieldType>|
+             !Array<!Uint8Array>|
+             !Array<!jspb.ConstBinaryMessage>|
+             !Array<!jspb.BinaryMessage>}
+ */
+jspb.RepeatedFieldType;
+
+
+/**
+ * A field in jspb can be a scalar, a block of bytes, another proto, or an
+ * array of any of the above.
+ * @typedef {jspb.ScalarFieldType|
+             jspb.RepeatedFieldType|
+             !Uint8Array|
+             !jspb.ConstBinaryMessage|
+             !jspb.BinaryMessage|
+             !jsprotolib.BinaryExtension}
+ */
+jspb.AnyFieldType;
+
+
+/**
+ * A builder function creates an instance of a message object.
+ * @typedef {function():!jspb.BinaryMessage}
+ */
+jspb.BuilderFunction;
+
+
+/**
+ * A cloner function creates a deep copy of a message object.
+ * @typedef {function(jspb.ConstBinaryMessage):jspb.BinaryMessage}
+ */
+jspb.ClonerFunction;
+
+
+/**
+ * A recycler function destroys an instance of a message object.
+ * @typedef {function(!jspb.BinaryMessage):void}
+ */
+jspb.RecyclerFunction;
+
+
+/**
+ * A reader function initializes a message using data from a BinaryReader.
+ * @typedef {function(!jspb.BinaryMessage, !jspb.BinaryReader):void}
+ */
+jspb.ReaderFunction;
+
+
+/**
+ * A writer function serializes a message to a BinaryWriter.
+ * @typedef {function((!jspb.Message|!jspb.ConstBinaryMessage),
+ *                    !jspb.BinaryWriter):void}
+ */
+jspb.WriterFunction;
+
+
+/**
+ * A pruner function removes default-valued fields and empty submessages from a
+ * message and returns either the pruned message or null if the entire message
+ * was pruned away.
+ * @typedef {function(?jspb.BinaryMessage):?jspb.BinaryMessage}
+ */
+jspb.PrunerFunction;
+
+
+/**
+ * A comparer function returns true if two protos are equal.
+ * @typedef {function(?jspb.ConstBinaryMessage,
+ *                     ?jspb.ConstBinaryMessage):boolean}
+ */
+jspb.ComparerFunction;
+
+
+/**
+ * Field type codes, taken from proto2/public/wire_format_lite.h.
+ * @enum {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.FieldType = {
+  INVALID: -1,
+  DOUBLE: 1,
+  FLOAT: 2,
+  INT64: 3,
+  UINT64: 4,
+  INT32: 5,
+  FIXED64: 6,
+  FIXED32: 7,
+  BOOL: 8,
+  STRING: 9,
+  GROUP: 10,
+  MESSAGE: 11,
+  BYTES: 12,
+  UINT32: 13,
+  ENUM: 14,
+  SFIXED32: 15,
+  SFIXED64: 16,
+  SINT32: 17,
+  SINT64: 18,
+
+  // Extended types for Javascript
+
+  FHASH64: 30, // 64-bit hash string, fixed-length encoding.
+  VHASH64: 31  // 64-bit hash string, varint encoding.
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Wire-format type codes, taken from proto2/public/wire_format_lite.h.
+ * @enum {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType = {
+  INVALID: -1,
+  VARINT: 0,
+  FIXED64: 1,
+  DELIMITED: 2,
+  START_GROUP: 3,
+  END_GROUP: 4,
+  FIXED32: 5
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Translates field type to wire type.
+ * @param {jspb.BinaryConstants.FieldType} fieldType
+ * @return {jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.FieldTypeToWireType = function(fieldType) {
+  var fieldTypes = jspb.BinaryConstants.FieldType;
+  var wireTypes = jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType;
+  switch (fieldType) {
+    case fieldTypes.INT32:
+    case fieldTypes.INT64:
+    case fieldTypes.UINT32:
+    case fieldTypes.UINT64:
+    case fieldTypes.SINT32:
+    case fieldTypes.SINT64:
+    case fieldTypes.BOOL:
+    case fieldTypes.ENUM:
+    case fieldTypes.VHASH64:
+      return wireTypes.VARINT;
+
+    case fieldTypes.DOUBLE:
+    case fieldTypes.FIXED64:
+    case fieldTypes.SFIXED64:
+    case fieldTypes.FHASH64:
+      return wireTypes.FIXED64;
+
+    case fieldTypes.STRING:
+    case fieldTypes.MESSAGE:
+    case fieldTypes.BYTES:
+      return wireTypes.DELIMITED;
+
+    case fieldTypes.FLOAT:
+    case fieldTypes.FIXED32:
+    case fieldTypes.SFIXED32:
+      return wireTypes.FIXED32;
+
+    case fieldTypes.INVALID:
+    case fieldTypes.GROUP:
+    default:
+      return wireTypes.INVALID;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Flag to indicate a missing field.
+ * @const {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.INVALID_FIELD_NUMBER = -1;
+
+
+/**
+ * The smallest denormal float32 value.
+ * @const {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_EPS = 1.401298464324817e-45;
+
+
+/**
+ * The smallest normal float64 value.
+ * @const {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MIN = 1.1754943508222875e-38;
+
+
+/**
+ * The largest finite float32 value.
+ * @const {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX = 3.4028234663852886e+38;
+
+
+/**
+ * The smallest denormal float64 value.
+ * @const {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_EPS = 5e-324;
+
+
+/**
+ * The smallest normal float64 value.
+ * @const {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MIN = 2.2250738585072014e-308;
+
+
+/**
+ * The largest finite float64 value.
+ * @const {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MAX = 1.7976931348623157e+308;
+
+
+/**
+ * Convenience constant equal to 2^20.
+ * @const {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_20 = 1048576;
+
+
+/**
+ * Convenience constant equal to 2^23.
+ * @const {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_23 = 8388608;
+
+
+/**
+ * Convenience constant equal to 2^31.
+ * @const {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31 = 2147483648;
+
+
+/**
+ * Convenience constant equal to 2^32.
+ * @const {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32 = 4294967296;
+
+
+/**
+ * Convenience constant equal to 2^52.
+ * @const {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_52 = 4503599627370496;
+
+
+/**
+ * Convenience constant equal to 2^63.
+ * @const {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63 = 9223372036854775808;
+
+
+/**
+ * Convenience constant equal to 2^64.
+ * @const {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_64 = 18446744073709551616;
+
+
+/**
+ * Eight-character string of zeros, used as the default 64-bit hash value.
+ * @const {string}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryConstants.ZERO_HASH = '\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0';
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/decoder.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/decoder.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75d4ff705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/decoder.js
@@ -0,0 +1,950 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview This file contains utilities for decoding primitive values
+ * (signed and unsigned integers, varints, booleans, enums, hashes, strings,
+ * and raw bytes) embedded in Uint8Arrays into their corresponding Javascript
+ * types.
+ *
+ * Major caveat - Javascript is unable to accurately represent integers larger
+ * than 2^53 due to its use of a double-precision floating point format or all
+ * numbers. If you need to guarantee that 64-bit values survive with all bits
+ * intact, you _must_ read them using one of the Hash64 methods, which return
+ * an 8-character string.
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.provide('jspb.BinaryDecoder');
+
+goog.require('goog.asserts');
+goog.require('goog.crypt');
+goog.require('jspb.utils');
+
+
+
+/**
+ * BinaryDecoder implements the decoders for all the wire types specified in
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding.
+ *
+ * @param {jspb.ByteSource=} opt_bytes The bytes we're reading from.
+ * @param {number=} opt_start The optional offset to start reading at.
+ * @param {number=} opt_length The optional length of the block to read -
+ *     we'll throw an assertion if we go off the end of the block.
+ * @constructor
+ * @struct
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder = function(opt_bytes, opt_start, opt_length) {
+  /**
+   * Typed byte-wise view of the source buffer.
+   * @private {?Uint8Array}
+   */
+  this.bytes_ = null;
+
+  /**
+   * Start point of the block to read.
+   * @private {number}
+   */
+  this.start_ = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * End point of the block to read.
+   * @private {number}
+   */
+  this.end_ = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * Current read location in bytes_.
+   * @private {number}
+   */
+  this.cursor_ = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true if this decoder encountered an error due to corrupt data.
+   * @private {boolean}
+   */
+  this.error_ = false;
+
+  if (opt_bytes) {
+    this.setBlock(opt_bytes, opt_start, opt_length);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Global pool of BinaryDecoder instances.
+ * @private {!Array<!jspb.BinaryDecoder>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_ = [];
+
+
+/**
+ * Pops an instance off the instance cache, or creates one if the cache is
+ * empty.
+ * @param {jspb.ByteSource=} opt_bytes The bytes we're reading from.
+ * @param {number=} opt_start The optional offset to start reading at.
+ * @param {number=} opt_length The optional length of the block to read -
+ *     we'll throw an assertion if we go off the end of the block.
+ * @return {!jspb.BinaryDecoder}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc = function(opt_bytes, opt_start, opt_length) {
+  if (jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length) {
+    var newDecoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.pop();
+    if (opt_bytes) {
+      newDecoder.setBlock(opt_bytes, opt_start, opt_length);
+    }
+    return newDecoder;
+  } else {
+    return new jspb.BinaryDecoder(opt_bytes, opt_start, opt_length);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Puts this instance back in the instance cache.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.free = function() {
+  this.clear();
+  if (jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length < 100) {
+    jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.push(this);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Makes a copy of this decoder.
+ * @return {!jspb.BinaryDecoder}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.clone = function() {
+  return jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(this.bytes_,
+      this.start_, this.end_ - this.start_);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Clears the decoder.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.clear = function() {
+  this.bytes_ = null;
+  this.start_ = 0;
+  this.end_ = 0;
+  this.cursor_ = 0;
+  this.error_ = false;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns the raw buffer.
+ * @return {?Uint8Array} The raw buffer.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.getBuffer = function() {
+  return this.bytes_;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Changes the block of bytes we're decoding.
+ * @param {!jspb.ByteSource} data The bytes we're reading from.
+ * @param {number=} opt_start The optional offset to start reading at.
+ * @param {number=} opt_length The optional length of the block to read -
+ *     we'll throw an assertion if we go off the end of the block.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.setBlock =
+    function(data, opt_start, opt_length) {
+  this.bytes_ = jspb.utils.byteSourceToUint8Array(data);
+  this.start_ = (opt_start !== undefined) ? opt_start : 0;
+  this.end_ = (opt_length !== undefined) ? this.start_ + opt_length :
+                                           this.bytes_.length;
+  this.cursor_ = this.start_;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.getEnd = function() {
+  return this.end_;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} end
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.setEnd = function(end) {
+  this.end_ = end;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Moves the read cursor back to the start of the block.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.reset = function() {
+  this.cursor_ = this.start_;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns the internal read cursor.
+ * @return {number} The internal read cursor.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.getCursor = function() {
+  return this.cursor_;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns the internal read cursor.
+ * @param {number} cursor The new cursor.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.setCursor = function(cursor) {
+  this.cursor_ = cursor;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Advances the stream cursor by the given number of bytes.
+ * @param {number} count The number of bytes to advance by.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.advance = function(count) {
+  this.cursor_ += count;
+  goog.asserts.assert(this.cursor_ <= this.end_);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if this decoder is at the end of the block.
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.atEnd = function() {
+  return this.cursor_ == this.end_;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if this decoder is at the end of the block.
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.pastEnd = function() {
+  return this.cursor_ > this.end_;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if this decoder encountered an error due to corrupt data.
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.getError = function() {
+  return this.error_ ||
+         (this.cursor_ < 0) ||
+         (this.cursor_ > this.end_);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads an unsigned varint from the binary stream and invokes the conversion
+ * function with the value in two signed 32 bit integers to produce the result.
+ * Since this does not convert the value to a number, no precision is lost.
+ *
+ * It's possible for an unsigned varint to be incorrectly encoded - more than
+ * 64 bits' worth of data could be present. If this happens, this method will
+ * throw an error.
+ *
+ * Decoding varints requires doing some funny base-128 math - for more
+ * details on the format, see
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding
+ *
+ * @param {function(number, number): T} convert Conversion function to produce
+ *     the result value, takes parameters (lowBits, highBits).
+ * @return {T}
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readSplitVarint64 = function(convert) {
+  var temp = 128;
+  var lowBits = 0;
+  var highBits = 0;
+
+  // Read the first four bytes of the varint, stopping at the terminator if we
+  // see it.
+  for (var i = 0; i < 4 && temp >= 128; i++) {
+    temp = this.bytes_[this.cursor_++];
+    lowBits |= (temp & 0x7F) << (i * 7);
+  }
+
+  if (temp >= 128) {
+    // Read the fifth byte, which straddles the low and high dwords.
+    temp = this.bytes_[this.cursor_++];
+    lowBits |= (temp & 0x7F) << 28;
+    highBits |= (temp & 0x7F) >> 4;
+  }
+
+  if (temp >= 128) {
+    // Read the sixth through tenth byte.
+    for (var i = 0; i < 5 && temp >= 128; i++) {
+      temp = this.bytes_[this.cursor_++];
+      highBits |= (temp & 0x7F) << (i * 7 + 3);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (temp < 128) {
+    return convert(lowBits >>> 0, highBits >>> 0);
+  }
+
+  // If we did not see the terminator, the encoding was invalid.
+  goog.asserts.fail('Failed to read varint, encoding is invalid.');
+  this.error_ = true;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed zigzag encoded varint from the binary stream and invokes
+ * the conversion function with the value in two signed 32 bit integers to
+ * produce the result. Since this does not convert the value to a number, no
+ * precision is lost.
+ *
+ * It's possible for an unsigned varint to be incorrectly encoded - more than
+ * 64 bits' worth of data could be present. If this happens, this method will
+ * throw an error.
+ *
+ * Zigzag encoding is a modification of varint encoding that reduces the
+ * storage overhead for small negative integers - for more details on the
+ * format, see https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding
+ *
+ * @param {function(number, number): T} convert Conversion function to produce
+ *     the result value, takes parameters (lowBits, highBits).
+ * @return {T}
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readSplitZigzagVarint64 = function(convert) {
+  return this.readSplitVarint64(function(low, high) {
+    return jspb.utils.fromZigzag64(low, high, convert);
+  });
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 64-bit fixed-width value from the stream and invokes the conversion
+ * function with the value in two signed 32 bit integers to produce the result.
+ * Since this does not convert the value to a number, no precision is lost.
+ *
+ * @param {function(number, number): T} convert Conversion function to produce
+ *     the result value, takes parameters (lowBits, highBits).
+ * @return {T}
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readSplitFixed64 = function(convert) {
+  var bytes = this.bytes_;
+  var cursor = this.cursor_;
+  this.cursor_ += 8;
+  var lowBits = 0;
+  var highBits = 0;
+  for (var i = cursor + 7; i >= cursor; i--) {
+    lowBits = (lowBits << 8) | bytes[i];
+    highBits = (highBits << 8) | bytes[i + 4];
+  }
+  return convert(lowBits, highBits);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Skips over a varint in the block without decoding it.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.skipVarint = function() {
+  while (this.bytes_[this.cursor_] & 0x80) {
+    this.cursor_++;
+  }
+  this.cursor_++;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Skips backwards over a varint in the block - to do this correctly, we have
+ * to know the value we're skipping backwards over or things are ambiguous.
+ * @param {number} value The varint value to unskip.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.unskipVarint = function(value) {
+  while (value > 128) {
+    this.cursor_--;
+    value = value >>> 7;
+  }
+  this.cursor_--;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 32-bit varint from the binary stream. Due to a quirk of the encoding
+ * format and Javascript's handling of bitwise math, this actually works
+ * correctly for both signed and unsigned 32-bit varints.
+ *
+ * This function is called vastly more frequently than any other in
+ * BinaryDecoder, so it has been unrolled and tweaked for performance.
+ *
+ * If there are more than 32 bits of data in the varint, it _must_ be due to
+ * sign-extension. If we're in debug mode and the high 32 bits don't match the
+ * expected sign extension, this method will throw an error.
+ *
+ * Decoding varints requires doing some funny base-128 math - for more
+ * details on the format, see
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding
+ *
+ * @return {number} The decoded unsigned 32-bit varint.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUnsignedVarint32 = function() {
+  var temp;
+  var bytes = this.bytes_;
+
+  temp = bytes[this.cursor_ + 0];
+  var x = (temp & 0x7F);
+  if (temp < 128) {
+    this.cursor_ += 1;
+    goog.asserts.assert(this.cursor_ <= this.end_);
+    return x;
+  }
+
+  temp = bytes[this.cursor_ + 1];
+  x |= (temp & 0x7F) << 7;
+  if (temp < 128) {
+    this.cursor_ += 2;
+    goog.asserts.assert(this.cursor_ <= this.end_);
+    return x;
+  }
+
+  temp = bytes[this.cursor_ + 2];
+  x |= (temp & 0x7F) << 14;
+  if (temp < 128) {
+    this.cursor_ += 3;
+    goog.asserts.assert(this.cursor_ <= this.end_);
+    return x;
+  }
+
+  temp = bytes[this.cursor_ + 3];
+  x |= (temp & 0x7F) << 21;
+  if (temp < 128) {
+    this.cursor_ += 4;
+    goog.asserts.assert(this.cursor_ <= this.end_);
+    return x;
+  }
+
+  temp = bytes[this.cursor_ + 4];
+  x |= (temp & 0x0F) << 28;
+  if (temp < 128) {
+    // We're reading the high bits of an unsigned varint. The byte we just read
+    // also contains bits 33 through 35, which we're going to discard.
+    this.cursor_ += 5;
+    goog.asserts.assert(this.cursor_ <= this.end_);
+    return x >>> 0;
+  }
+
+  // If we get here, we need to truncate coming bytes. However we need to make
+  // sure cursor place is correct.
+  this.cursor_ += 5;
+  if (bytes[this.cursor_++] >= 128 &&
+      bytes[this.cursor_++] >= 128 &&
+      bytes[this.cursor_++] >= 128 &&
+      bytes[this.cursor_++] >= 128 &&
+      bytes[this.cursor_++] >= 128) {
+    // If we get here, the varint is too long.
+    goog.asserts.assert(false);
+  }
+
+  goog.asserts.assert(this.cursor_ <= this.end_);
+  return x;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * The readUnsignedVarint32 above deals with signed 32-bit varints correctly,
+ * so this is just an alias.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The decoded signed 32-bit varint.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readSignedVarint32 =
+    jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUnsignedVarint32;
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 32-bit unsigned variant and returns its value as a string.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The decoded unsigned 32-bit varint as a string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUnsignedVarint32String = function() {
+  // 32-bit integers fit in JavaScript numbers without loss of precision, so
+  // string variants of 32-bit varint readers can simply delegate then convert
+  // to string.
+  var value = this.readUnsignedVarint32();
+  return value.toString();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 32-bit signed variant and returns its value as a string.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The decoded signed 32-bit varint as a string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readSignedVarint32String = function() {
+  // 32-bit integers fit in JavaScript numbers without loss of precision, so
+  // string variants of 32-bit varint readers can simply delegate then convert
+  // to string.
+  var value = this.readSignedVarint32();
+  return value.toString();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed, zigzag-encoded 32-bit varint from the binary stream.
+ *
+ * Zigzag encoding is a modification of varint encoding that reduces the
+ * storage overhead for small negative integers - for more details on the
+ * format, see https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding
+ *
+ * @return {number} The decoded signed, zigzag-encoded 32-bit varint.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readZigzagVarint32 = function() {
+  var result = this.readUnsignedVarint32();
+  return (result >>> 1) ^ - (result & 1);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads an unsigned 64-bit varint from the binary stream. Note that since
+ * Javascript represents all numbers as double-precision floats, there will be
+ * precision lost if the absolute value of the varint is larger than 2^53.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The decoded unsigned varint. Precision will be lost if the
+ *     integer exceeds 2^53.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUnsignedVarint64 = function() {
+  return this.readSplitVarint64(jspb.utils.joinUint64);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads an unsigned 64-bit varint from the binary stream and returns the value
+ * as a decimal string.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The decoded unsigned varint as a decimal string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUnsignedVarint64String = function() {
+  return this.readSplitVarint64(jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed 64-bit varint from the binary stream. Note that since
+ * Javascript represents all numbers as double-precision floats, there will be
+ * precision lost if the absolute value of the varint is larger than 2^53.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The decoded signed varint. Precision will be lost if the
+ *     integer exceeds 2^53.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readSignedVarint64 = function() {
+  return this.readSplitVarint64(jspb.utils.joinInt64);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads an signed 64-bit varint from the binary stream and returns the value
+ * as a decimal string.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The decoded signed varint as a decimal string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readSignedVarint64String = function() {
+  return this.readSplitVarint64(jspb.utils.joinSignedDecimalString);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed, zigzag-encoded 64-bit varint from the binary stream. Note
+ * that since Javascript represents all numbers as double-precision floats,
+ * there will be precision lost if the absolute value of the varint is larger
+ * than 2^53.
+ *
+ * Zigzag encoding is a modification of varint encoding that reduces the
+ * storage overhead for small negative integers - for more details on the
+ * format, see https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding
+ *
+ * @return {number} The decoded zigzag varint. Precision will be lost if the
+ *     integer exceeds 2^53.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readZigzagVarint64 = function() {
+  return this.readSplitVarint64(jspb.utils.joinZigzag64);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed, zigzag-encoded 64-bit varint from the binary stream
+ * losslessly and returns it as an 8-character Unicode string for use as a hash
+ * table key.
+ *
+ * Zigzag encoding is a modification of varint encoding that reduces the
+ * storage overhead for small negative integers - for more details on the
+ * format, see https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding
+ *
+ * @return {string} The decoded zigzag varint in hash64 format.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readZigzagVarintHash64 = function() {
+  return this.readSplitZigzagVarint64(jspb.utils.joinHash64);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed, zigzag-encoded 64-bit varint from the binary stream and
+ * returns its value as a string.
+ *
+ * Zigzag encoding is a modification of varint encoding that reduces the
+ * storage overhead for small negative integers - for more details on the
+ * format, see https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding
+ *
+ * @return {string} The decoded signed, zigzag-encoded 64-bit varint as a
+ * string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readZigzagVarint64String = function() {
+  return this.readSplitZigzagVarint64(jspb.utils.joinSignedDecimalString);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a raw unsigned 8-bit integer from the binary stream.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The unsigned 8-bit integer read from the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint8 = function() {
+  var a = this.bytes_[this.cursor_ + 0];
+  this.cursor_ += 1;
+  goog.asserts.assert(this.cursor_ <= this.end_);
+  return a;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a raw unsigned 16-bit integer from the binary stream.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The unsigned 16-bit integer read from the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint16 = function() {
+  var a = this.bytes_[this.cursor_ + 0];
+  var b = this.bytes_[this.cursor_ + 1];
+  this.cursor_ += 2;
+  goog.asserts.assert(this.cursor_ <= this.end_);
+  return (a << 0) | (b << 8);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a raw unsigned 32-bit integer from the binary stream.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The unsigned 32-bit integer read from the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint32 = function() {
+  var a = this.bytes_[this.cursor_ + 0];
+  var b = this.bytes_[this.cursor_ + 1];
+  var c = this.bytes_[this.cursor_ + 2];
+  var d = this.bytes_[this.cursor_ + 3];
+  this.cursor_ += 4;
+  goog.asserts.assert(this.cursor_ <= this.end_);
+  return ((a << 0) | (b << 8) | (c << 16) | (d << 24)) >>> 0;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a raw unsigned 64-bit integer from the binary stream. Note that since
+ * Javascript represents all numbers as double-precision floats, there will be
+ * precision lost if the absolute value of the integer is larger than 2^53.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The unsigned 64-bit integer read from the binary stream.
+ *     Precision will be lost if the integer exceeds 2^53.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint64 = function() {
+  var bitsLow = this.readUint32();
+  var bitsHigh = this.readUint32();
+  return jspb.utils.joinUint64(bitsLow, bitsHigh);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a raw unsigned 64-bit integer from the binary stream. Note that since
+ * Javascript represents all numbers as double-precision floats, there will be
+ * precision lost if the absolute value of the integer is larger than 2^53.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The unsigned 64-bit integer read from the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint64String = function() {
+  var bitsLow = this.readUint32();
+  var bitsHigh = this.readUint32();
+  return jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(bitsLow, bitsHigh);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a raw signed 8-bit integer from the binary stream.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The signed 8-bit integer read from the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt8 = function() {
+  var a = this.bytes_[this.cursor_ + 0];
+  this.cursor_ += 1;
+  goog.asserts.assert(this.cursor_ <= this.end_);
+  return (a << 24) >> 24;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a raw signed 16-bit integer from the binary stream.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The signed 16-bit integer read from the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt16 = function() {
+  var a = this.bytes_[this.cursor_ + 0];
+  var b = this.bytes_[this.cursor_ + 1];
+  this.cursor_ += 2;
+  goog.asserts.assert(this.cursor_ <= this.end_);
+  return (((a << 0) | (b << 8)) << 16) >> 16;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a raw signed 32-bit integer from the binary stream.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The signed 32-bit integer read from the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt32 = function() {
+  var a = this.bytes_[this.cursor_ + 0];
+  var b = this.bytes_[this.cursor_ + 1];
+  var c = this.bytes_[this.cursor_ + 2];
+  var d = this.bytes_[this.cursor_ + 3];
+  this.cursor_ += 4;
+  goog.asserts.assert(this.cursor_ <= this.end_);
+  return (a << 0) | (b << 8) | (c << 16) | (d << 24);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a raw signed 64-bit integer from the binary stream. Note that since
+ * Javascript represents all numbers as double-precision floats, there will be
+ * precision lost if the absolute vlaue of the integer is larger than 2^53.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The signed 64-bit integer read from the binary stream.
+ *     Precision will be lost if the integer exceeds 2^53.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt64 = function() {
+  var bitsLow = this.readUint32();
+  var bitsHigh = this.readUint32();
+  return jspb.utils.joinInt64(bitsLow, bitsHigh);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a raw signed 64-bit integer from the binary stream and returns it as a
+ * string.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The signed 64-bit integer read from the binary stream.
+ *     Precision will be lost if the integer exceeds 2^53.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt64String = function() {
+  var bitsLow = this.readUint32();
+  var bitsHigh = this.readUint32();
+  return jspb.utils.joinSignedDecimalString(bitsLow, bitsHigh);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 32-bit floating-point number from the binary stream, using the
+ * temporary buffer to realign the data.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The float read from the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readFloat = function() {
+  var bitsLow = this.readUint32();
+  var bitsHigh = 0;
+  return jspb.utils.joinFloat32(bitsLow, bitsHigh);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 64-bit floating-point number from the binary stream, using the
+ * temporary buffer to realign the data.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The double read from the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readDouble = function() {
+  var bitsLow = this.readUint32();
+  var bitsHigh = this.readUint32();
+  return jspb.utils.joinFloat64(bitsLow, bitsHigh);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a boolean value from the binary stream.
+ * @return {boolean} The boolean read from the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readBool = function() {
+  return !!this.bytes_[this.cursor_++];
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads an enum value from the binary stream, which are always encoded as
+ * signed varints.
+ * @return {number} The enum value read from the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readEnum = function() {
+  return this.readSignedVarint32();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads and parses a UTF-8 encoded unicode string from the stream.
+ * The code is inspired by maps.vectortown.parse.StreamedDataViewReader.
+ * Supports codepoints from U+0000 up to U+10FFFF.
+ * (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8).
+ * @param {number} length The length of the string to read.
+ * @return {string} The decoded string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readString = function(length) {
+  var bytes = this.bytes_;
+  var cursor = this.cursor_;
+  var end = cursor + length;
+  var codeUnits = [];
+
+  var result = '';
+  while (cursor < end) {
+    var c = bytes[cursor++];
+    if (c < 128) { // Regular 7-bit ASCII.
+      codeUnits.push(c);
+    } else if (c < 192) {
+      // UTF-8 continuation mark. We are out of sync. This
+      // might happen if we attempted to read a character
+      // with more than four bytes.
+      continue;
+    } else if (c < 224) { // UTF-8 with two bytes.
+      var c2 = bytes[cursor++];
+      codeUnits.push(((c & 31) << 6) | (c2 & 63));
+    } else if (c < 240) { // UTF-8 with three bytes.
+      var c2 = bytes[cursor++];
+      var c3 = bytes[cursor++];
+      codeUnits.push(((c & 15) << 12) | ((c2 & 63) << 6) | (c3 & 63));
+    } else if (c < 248) { // UTF-8 with 4 bytes.
+      var c2 = bytes[cursor++];
+      var c3 = bytes[cursor++];
+      var c4 = bytes[cursor++];
+      // Characters written on 4 bytes have 21 bits for a codepoint.
+      // We can't fit that on 16bit characters, so we use surrogates.
+      var codepoint = ((c & 7) << 18) | ((c2 & 63) << 12) | ((c3 & 63) << 6) | (c4 & 63);
+      // Surrogates formula from wikipedia.
+      // 1. Subtract 0x10000 from codepoint
+      codepoint -= 0x10000;
+      // 2. Split this into the high 10-bit value and the low 10-bit value
+      // 3. Add 0xD800 to the high value to form the high surrogate
+      // 4. Add 0xDC00 to the low value to form the low surrogate:
+      var low = (codepoint & 1023) + 0xDC00;
+      var high = ((codepoint >> 10) & 1023) + 0xD800;
+      codeUnits.push(high, low);
+    }
+
+    // Avoid exceeding the maximum stack size when calling `apply`.
+    if (codeUnits.length >= 8192) {
+      result += String.fromCharCode.apply(null, codeUnits);
+      codeUnits.length = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  result += goog.crypt.byteArrayToString(codeUnits);
+  this.cursor_ = cursor;
+  return result;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads and parses a UTF-8 encoded unicode string (with length prefix) from
+ * the stream.
+ * @return {string} The decoded string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readStringWithLength = function() {
+  var length = this.readUnsignedVarint32();
+  return this.readString(length);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a block of raw bytes from the binary stream.
+ *
+ * @param {number} length The number of bytes to read.
+ * @return {!Uint8Array} The decoded block of bytes, or an empty block if the
+ *     length was invalid.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readBytes = function(length) {
+  if (length < 0 ||
+      this.cursor_ + length > this.bytes_.length) {
+    this.error_ = true;
+    goog.asserts.fail('Invalid byte length!');
+    return new Uint8Array(0);
+  }
+
+  var result = this.bytes_.subarray(this.cursor_, this.cursor_ + length);
+
+  this.cursor_ += length;
+  goog.asserts.assert(this.cursor_ <= this.end_);
+  return result;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 64-bit varint from the stream and returns it as an 8-character
+ * Unicode string for use as a hash table key.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The hash value.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readVarintHash64 = function() {
+  return this.readSplitVarint64(jspb.utils.joinHash64);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 64-bit fixed-width value from the stream and returns it as an
+ * 8-character Unicode string for use as a hash table key.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The hash value.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readFixedHash64 = function() {
+  var bytes = this.bytes_;
+  var cursor = this.cursor_;
+
+  var a = bytes[cursor + 0];
+  var b = bytes[cursor + 1];
+  var c = bytes[cursor + 2];
+  var d = bytes[cursor + 3];
+  var e = bytes[cursor + 4];
+  var f = bytes[cursor + 5];
+  var g = bytes[cursor + 6];
+  var h = bytes[cursor + 7];
+
+  this.cursor_ += 8;
+
+  return String.fromCharCode(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h);
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/decoder_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/decoder_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9abf7d54e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/decoder_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for jspb's binary protocol buffer decoder.
+ *
+ * There are two particular magic numbers that need to be pointed out -
+ * 2^64-1025 is the largest number representable as both a double and an
+ * unsigned 64-bit integer, and 2^63-513 is the largest number representable as
+ * both a double and a signed 64-bit integer.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryDecoder');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryEncoder');
+goog.require('jspb.utils');
+
+
+/**
+ * Tests encoding and decoding of unsigned types.
+ * @param {Function} readValue
+ * @param {Function} writeValue
+ * @param {number} epsilon
+ * @param {number} upperLimit
+ * @param {Function} filter
+ * @suppress {missingProperties|visibility}
+ */
+function doTestUnsignedValue(readValue,
+    writeValue, epsilon, upperLimit, filter) {
+  var encoder = new jspb.BinaryEncoder();
+
+  // Encode zero and limits.
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(0));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(epsilon));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(upperLimit));
+
+  // Encode positive values.
+  for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+    writeValue.call(encoder, filter(cursor));
+  }
+
+  var decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(encoder.end());
+
+  // Check zero and limits.
+  assertEquals(filter(0), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(epsilon), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(upperLimit), readValue.call(decoder));
+
+  // Check positive values.
+  for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+    if (filter(cursor) != readValue.call(decoder)) throw 'fail!';
+  }
+
+  // Encoding values outside the valid range should assert.
+  assertThrows(function() {writeValue.call(encoder, -1);});
+  assertThrows(function() {writeValue.call(encoder, upperLimit * 1.1);});
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Tests encoding and decoding of signed types.
+ * @param {Function} readValue
+ * @param {Function} writeValue
+ * @param {number} epsilon
+ * @param {number} lowerLimit
+ * @param {number} upperLimit
+ * @param {Function} filter
+ * @suppress {missingProperties}
+ */
+function doTestSignedValue(readValue,
+    writeValue, epsilon, lowerLimit, upperLimit, filter) {
+  var encoder = new jspb.BinaryEncoder();
+
+  // Encode zero and limits.
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(lowerLimit));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(-epsilon));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(0));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(epsilon));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(upperLimit));
+
+  var inputValues = [];
+
+  // Encode negative values.
+  for (var cursor = lowerLimit; cursor < -epsilon; cursor /= 1.1) {
+    var val = filter(cursor);
+    writeValue.call(encoder, val);
+    inputValues.push(val);
+  }
+
+  // Encode positive values.
+  for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+    var val = filter(cursor);
+    writeValue.call(encoder, val);
+    inputValues.push(val);
+  }
+
+  var decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(encoder.end());
+
+  // Check zero and limits.
+  assertEquals(filter(lowerLimit), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(-epsilon), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(0), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(epsilon), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(upperLimit), readValue.call(decoder));
+
+  // Verify decoded values.
+  for (var i = 0; i < inputValues.length; i++) {
+    assertEquals(inputValues[i], readValue.call(decoder));
+  }
+
+  // Encoding values outside the valid range should assert.
+  var pastLowerLimit = lowerLimit * 1.1;
+  var pastUpperLimit = upperLimit * 1.1;
+  if (pastLowerLimit !== -Infinity) {
+    expect(() => void writeValue.call(encoder, pastLowerLimit)).toThrow();
+  }
+  if (pastUpperLimit !== Infinity) {
+    expect(() => void writeValue.call(encoder, pastUpperLimit)).toThrow();
+  }
+}
+
+describe('binaryDecoderTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests the decoder instance cache.
+   */
+  it('testInstanceCache', /** @suppress {visibility} */ function() {
+    // Empty the instance caches.
+    jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_ = [];
+
+    // Allocating and then freeing a decoder should put it in the instance
+    // cache.
+    jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc().free();
+
+    assertEquals(1, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Allocating and then freeing three decoders should leave us with three in
+    // the cache.
+
+    var decoder1 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    var decoder2 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    var decoder3 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    decoder1.free();
+    decoder2.free();
+    decoder3.free();
+
+    assertEquals(3, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+  });
+
+
+  describe('varint64', function() {
+    var /** !jspb.BinaryEncoder */ encoder;
+    var /** !jspb.BinaryDecoder */ decoder;
+
+    var hashA = String.fromCharCode(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
+    var hashB = String.fromCharCode(0x12, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
+    var hashC = String.fromCharCode(0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78,
+                                    0x87, 0x65, 0x43, 0x21);
+    var hashD = String.fromCharCode(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+                                    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF);
+    beforeEach(function() {
+      encoder = new jspb.BinaryEncoder();
+
+      encoder.writeVarintHash64(hashA);
+      encoder.writeVarintHash64(hashB);
+      encoder.writeVarintHash64(hashC);
+      encoder.writeVarintHash64(hashD);
+
+      encoder.writeFixedHash64(hashA);
+      encoder.writeFixedHash64(hashB);
+      encoder.writeFixedHash64(hashC);
+      encoder.writeFixedHash64(hashD);
+
+      decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(encoder.end());
+    });
+
+    it('reads 64-bit integers as hash strings', function() {
+      assertEquals(hashA, decoder.readVarintHash64());
+      assertEquals(hashB, decoder.readVarintHash64());
+      assertEquals(hashC, decoder.readVarintHash64());
+      assertEquals(hashD, decoder.readVarintHash64());
+
+      assertEquals(hashA, decoder.readFixedHash64());
+      assertEquals(hashB, decoder.readFixedHash64());
+      assertEquals(hashC, decoder.readFixedHash64());
+      assertEquals(hashD, decoder.readFixedHash64());
+    });
+
+    it('reads split 64 bit integers', function() {
+      function hexJoin(bitsLow, bitsHigh) {
+        return `0x${(bitsHigh >>> 0).toString(16)}:0x${
+            (bitsLow >>> 0).toString(16)}`;
+      }
+      function hexJoinHash(hash64) {
+        jspb.utils.splitHash64(hash64);
+        return hexJoin(jspb.utils.split64Low, jspb.utils.split64High);
+      }
+
+      expect(decoder.readSplitVarint64(hexJoin)).toEqual(hexJoinHash(hashA));
+      expect(decoder.readSplitVarint64(hexJoin)).toEqual(hexJoinHash(hashB));
+      expect(decoder.readSplitVarint64(hexJoin)).toEqual(hexJoinHash(hashC));
+      expect(decoder.readSplitVarint64(hexJoin)).toEqual(hexJoinHash(hashD));
+
+      expect(decoder.readSplitFixed64(hexJoin)).toEqual(hexJoinHash(hashA));
+      expect(decoder.readSplitFixed64(hexJoin)).toEqual(hexJoinHash(hashB));
+      expect(decoder.readSplitFixed64(hexJoin)).toEqual(hexJoinHash(hashC));
+      expect(decoder.readSplitFixed64(hexJoin)).toEqual(hexJoinHash(hashD));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('sint64', function() {
+    var /** !jspb.BinaryDecoder */ decoder;
+
+    var hashA =
+        String.fromCharCode(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
+    var hashB =
+        String.fromCharCode(0x12, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
+    var hashC =
+        String.fromCharCode(0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, 0x87, 0x65, 0x43, 0x21);
+    var hashD =
+        String.fromCharCode(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF);
+    beforeEach(function() {
+      var encoder = new jspb.BinaryEncoder();
+
+      encoder.writeZigzagVarintHash64(hashA);
+      encoder.writeZigzagVarintHash64(hashB);
+      encoder.writeZigzagVarintHash64(hashC);
+      encoder.writeZigzagVarintHash64(hashD);
+
+      decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(encoder.end());
+    });
+
+    it('reads 64-bit integers as decimal strings', function() {
+      const signed = true;
+      expect(decoder.readZigzagVarint64String())
+          .toEqual(jspb.utils.hash64ToDecimalString(hashA, signed));
+      expect(decoder.readZigzagVarint64String())
+          .toEqual(jspb.utils.hash64ToDecimalString(hashB, signed));
+      expect(decoder.readZigzagVarint64String())
+          .toEqual(jspb.utils.hash64ToDecimalString(hashC, signed));
+      expect(decoder.readZigzagVarint64String())
+          .toEqual(jspb.utils.hash64ToDecimalString(hashD, signed));
+    });
+
+    it('reads 64-bit integers as hash strings', function() {
+      expect(decoder.readZigzagVarintHash64()).toEqual(hashA);
+      expect(decoder.readZigzagVarintHash64()).toEqual(hashB);
+      expect(decoder.readZigzagVarintHash64()).toEqual(hashC);
+      expect(decoder.readZigzagVarintHash64()).toEqual(hashD);
+    });
+
+    it('reads split 64 bit zigzag integers', function() {
+      function hexJoin(bitsLow, bitsHigh) {
+        return `0x${(bitsHigh >>> 0).toString(16)}:0x${
+            (bitsLow >>> 0).toString(16)}`;
+      }
+      function hexJoinHash(hash64) {
+        jspb.utils.splitHash64(hash64);
+        return hexJoin(jspb.utils.split64Low, jspb.utils.split64High);
+      }
+
+      expect(decoder.readSplitZigzagVarint64(hexJoin))
+          .toEqual(hexJoinHash(hashA));
+      expect(decoder.readSplitZigzagVarint64(hexJoin))
+          .toEqual(hexJoinHash(hashB));
+      expect(decoder.readSplitZigzagVarint64(hexJoin))
+          .toEqual(hexJoinHash(hashC));
+      expect(decoder.readSplitZigzagVarint64(hexJoin))
+          .toEqual(hexJoinHash(hashD));
+    });
+
+    it('does zigzag encoding properly', function() {
+      // Test cases direcly from the protobuf dev guide.
+      // https://engdoc.corp.google.com/eng/howto/protocolbuffers/developerguide/encoding.shtml?cl=head#types
+      var testCases = [
+        {original: '0', zigzag: '0'},
+        {original: '-1', zigzag: '1'},
+        {original: '1', zigzag: '2'},
+        {original: '-2', zigzag: '3'},
+        {original: '2147483647', zigzag: '4294967294'},
+        {original: '-2147483648', zigzag: '4294967295'},
+        // 64-bit extremes, not in dev guide.
+        {original: '9223372036854775807', zigzag: '18446744073709551614'},
+        {original: '-9223372036854775808', zigzag: '18446744073709551615'},
+      ];
+      var encoder = new jspb.BinaryEncoder();
+      testCases.forEach(function(c) {
+        encoder.writeZigzagVarint64String(c.original);
+      });
+      var buffer = encoder.end();
+      var zigzagDecoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(buffer);
+      var varintDecoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(buffer);
+      testCases.forEach(function(c) {
+        expect(zigzagDecoder.readZigzagVarint64String()).toEqual(c.original);
+        expect(varintDecoder.readUnsignedVarint64String()).toEqual(c.zigzag);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Tests reading and writing large strings
+   */
+  it('testLargeStrings', function() {
+    var encoder = new jspb.BinaryEncoder();
+
+    var len = 150000;
+    var long_string = '';
+    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      long_string += 'a';
+    }
+
+    encoder.writeString(long_string);
+
+    var decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(encoder.end());
+
+    assertEquals(long_string, decoder.readString(len));
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Test encoding and decoding utf-8.
+   */
+   it('testUtf8', function() {
+    var encoder = new jspb.BinaryEncoder();
+
+    var ascii = "ASCII should work in 3, 2, 1...";
+    var utf8_two_bytes = "©";
+    var utf8_three_bytes = "�";
+    var utf8_four_bytes = "�";
+
+    encoder.writeString(ascii);
+    encoder.writeString(utf8_two_bytes);
+    encoder.writeString(utf8_three_bytes);
+    encoder.writeString(utf8_four_bytes);
+
+    var decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(encoder.end());
+
+    assertEquals(ascii, decoder.readString(ascii.length));
+    assertEquals(utf8_two_bytes, decoder.readString(utf8_two_bytes.length));
+    assertEquals(utf8_three_bytes, decoder.readString(utf8_three_bytes.length));
+    assertEquals(utf8_four_bytes, decoder.readString(utf8_four_bytes.length));
+   });
+
+  /**
+   * Verifies that misuse of the decoder class triggers assertions.
+   */
+  it('testDecodeErrors', function() {
+    // Reading a value past the end of the stream should trigger an assertion.
+    var decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc([0, 1, 2]);
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readUint64()});
+
+    // Overlong varints should trigger assertions.
+    decoder.setBlock([255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+                      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0]);
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readUnsignedVarint64()});
+    decoder.reset();
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readSignedVarint64()});
+    decoder.reset();
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readZigzagVarint64()});
+    decoder.reset();
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readUnsignedVarint32()});
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of unsigned integers.
+   */
+  it('testUnsignedIntegers', function() {
+    doTestUnsignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint8,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint8,
+        1, 0xFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint16,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint16,
+        1, 0xFFFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint32,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint32,
+        1, 0xFFFFFFFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint64,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint64,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 64) - 1025, Math.round);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of signed integers.
+   */
+  it('testSignedIntegers', function() {
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt8,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt8,
+        1, -0x80, 0x7F, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt16,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt16,
+        1, -0x8000, 0x7FFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt32,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt32,
+        1, -0x80000000, 0x7FFFFFFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt64,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt64,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 63), Math.pow(2, 63) - 513, Math.round);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of floats.
+   */
+  it('testFloats', function() {
+    /**
+     * @param {number} x
+     * @return {number}
+     */
+    function truncate(x) {
+      var temp = new Float32Array(1);
+      temp[0] = x;
+      return temp[0];
+    }
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readFloat,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeFloat,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_EPS,
+        -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX,
+        truncate);
+
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readDouble,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeDouble,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_EPS * 10,
+        -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MAX,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MAX,
+        function(x) { return x; });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/encoder.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/encoder.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..726481b2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/encoder.js
@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview BinaryEncode defines methods for encoding Javascript values
+ * into arrays of bytes compatible with the Protocol Buffer wire format.
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.provide('jspb.BinaryEncoder');
+
+goog.require('goog.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+goog.require('jspb.utils');
+
+
+
+/**
+ * BinaryEncoder implements encoders for all the wire types specified in
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @struct
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder = function() {
+  /** @private {!Array<number>} */
+  this.buffer_ = [];
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.length = function() {
+  return this.buffer_.length;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.end = function() {
+  var buffer = this.buffer_;
+  this.buffer_ = [];
+  return buffer;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Encodes a 64-bit integer in 32:32 split representation into its wire-format
+ * varint representation and stores it in the buffer.
+ * @param {number} lowBits The low 32 bits of the int.
+ * @param {number} highBits The high 32 bits of the int.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeSplitVarint64 = function(lowBits, highBits) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(lowBits == Math.floor(lowBits));
+  goog.asserts.assert(highBits == Math.floor(highBits));
+  goog.asserts.assert((lowBits >= 0) &&
+                      (lowBits < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32));
+  goog.asserts.assert((highBits >= 0) &&
+                      (highBits < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32));
+
+  // Break the binary representation into chunks of 7 bits, set the 8th bit
+  // in each chunk if it's not the final chunk, and append to the result.
+  while (highBits > 0 || lowBits > 127) {
+    this.buffer_.push((lowBits & 0x7f) | 0x80);
+    lowBits = ((lowBits >>> 7) | (highBits << 25)) >>> 0;
+    highBits = highBits >>> 7;
+  }
+  this.buffer_.push(lowBits);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Encodes a 64-bit integer in 32:32 split representation into its wire-format
+ * fixed representation and stores it in the buffer.
+ * @param {number} lowBits The low 32 bits of the int.
+ * @param {number} highBits The high 32 bits of the int.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeSplitFixed64 = function(lowBits, highBits) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(lowBits == Math.floor(lowBits));
+  goog.asserts.assert(highBits == Math.floor(highBits));
+  goog.asserts.assert((lowBits >= 0) &&
+                      (lowBits < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32));
+  goog.asserts.assert((highBits >= 0) &&
+                      (highBits < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32));
+  this.writeUint32(lowBits);
+  this.writeUint32(highBits);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Encodes a 32-bit unsigned integer into its wire-format varint representation
+ * and stores it in the buffer.
+ * @param {number} value The integer to convert.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUnsignedVarint32 = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= 0) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32));
+
+  while (value > 127) {
+    this.buffer_.push((value & 0x7f) | 0x80);
+    value = value >>> 7;
+  }
+
+  this.buffer_.push(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Encodes a 32-bit signed integer into its wire-format varint representation
+ * and stores it in the buffer.
+ * @param {number} value The integer to convert.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeSignedVarint32 = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31));
+
+  // Use the unsigned version if the value is not negative.
+  if (value >= 0) {
+    this.writeUnsignedVarint32(value);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Write nine bytes with a _signed_ right shift so we preserve the sign bit.
+  for (var i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+    this.buffer_.push((value & 0x7f) | 0x80);
+    value = value >> 7;
+  }
+
+  // The above loop writes out 63 bits, so the last byte is always the sign bit
+  // which is always set for negative numbers.
+  this.buffer_.push(1);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Encodes a 64-bit unsigned integer into its wire-format varint representation
+ * and stores it in the buffer. Integers that are not representable in 64 bits
+ * will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} value The integer to convert.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUnsignedVarint64 = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= 0) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_64));
+  jspb.utils.splitInt64(value);
+  this.writeSplitVarint64(jspb.utils.split64Low,
+                          jspb.utils.split64High);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Encodes a 64-bit signed integer into its wire-format varint representation
+ * and stores it in the buffer. Integers that are not representable in 64 bits
+ * will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} value The integer to convert.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeSignedVarint64 = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63));
+  jspb.utils.splitInt64(value);
+  this.writeSplitVarint64(jspb.utils.split64Low,
+                          jspb.utils.split64High);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Encodes a JavaScript integer into its wire-format, zigzag-encoded varint
+ * representation and stores it in the buffer.
+ * @param {number} value The integer to convert.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeZigzagVarint32 = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31));
+  this.writeUnsignedVarint32(((value << 1) ^ (value >> 31)) >>> 0);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Encodes a JavaScript integer into its wire-format, zigzag-encoded varint
+ * representation and stores it in the buffer. Integers not representable in 64
+ * bits will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} value The integer to convert.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeZigzagVarint64 = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63));
+  jspb.utils.splitZigzag64(value);
+  this.writeSplitVarint64(jspb.utils.split64Low,
+                          jspb.utils.split64High);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Encodes a JavaScript decimal string into its wire-format, zigzag-encoded
+ * varint representation and stores it in the buffer. Integers not representable
+ * in 64 bits will be truncated.
+ * @param {string} value The integer to convert.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeZigzagVarint64String = function(value) {
+  this.writeZigzagVarintHash64(jspb.utils.decimalStringToHash64(value));
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 64-bit hash string (8 characters @ 8 bits of data each) to the
+ * buffer as a zigzag varint.
+ * @param {string} hash The hash to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeZigzagVarintHash64 = function(hash) {
+  var self = this;
+  jspb.utils.splitHash64(hash);
+  jspb.utils.toZigzag64(
+      jspb.utils.split64Low, jspb.utils.split64High, function(lo, hi) {
+        self.writeSplitVarint64(lo >>> 0, hi >>> 0);
+      });
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an 8-bit unsigned integer to the buffer. Numbers outside the range
+ * [0,2^8) will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint8 = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= 0) && (value < 256));
+  this.buffer_.push((value >>> 0) & 0xFF);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 16-bit unsigned integer to the buffer. Numbers outside the
+ * range [0,2^16) will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint16 = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= 0) && (value < 65536));
+  this.buffer_.push((value >>> 0) & 0xFF);
+  this.buffer_.push((value >>> 8) & 0xFF);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 32-bit unsigned integer to the buffer. Numbers outside the
+ * range [0,2^32) will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint32 = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= 0) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32));
+  this.buffer_.push((value >>> 0) & 0xFF);
+  this.buffer_.push((value >>> 8) & 0xFF);
+  this.buffer_.push((value >>> 16) & 0xFF);
+  this.buffer_.push((value >>> 24) & 0xFF);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 64-bit unsigned integer to the buffer. Numbers outside the
+ * range [0,2^64) will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint64 = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= 0) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_64));
+  jspb.utils.splitUint64(value);
+  this.writeUint32(jspb.utils.split64Low);
+  this.writeUint32(jspb.utils.split64High);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an 8-bit integer to the buffer. Numbers outside the range
+ * [-2^7,2^7) will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt8 = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -128) && (value < 128));
+  this.buffer_.push((value >>> 0) & 0xFF);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 16-bit integer to the buffer. Numbers outside the range
+ * [-2^15,2^15) will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt16 = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -32768) && (value < 32768));
+  this.buffer_.push((value >>> 0) & 0xFF);
+  this.buffer_.push((value >>> 8) & 0xFF);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 32-bit integer to the buffer. Numbers outside the range
+ * [-2^31,2^31) will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt32 = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31));
+  this.buffer_.push((value >>> 0) & 0xFF);
+  this.buffer_.push((value >>> 8) & 0xFF);
+  this.buffer_.push((value >>> 16) & 0xFF);
+  this.buffer_.push((value >>> 24) & 0xFF);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 64-bit integer to the buffer. Numbers outside the range
+ * [-2^63,2^63) will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt64 = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63));
+  jspb.utils.splitInt64(value);
+  this.writeSplitFixed64(jspb.utils.split64Low, jspb.utils.split64High);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 64-bit integer decimal strings to the buffer. Numbers outside the
+ * range [-2^63,2^63) will be truncated.
+ * @param {string} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt64String = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((+value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63) &&
+                      (+value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63));
+  jspb.utils.splitHash64(jspb.utils.decimalStringToHash64(value));
+  this.writeSplitFixed64(jspb.utils.split64Low, jspb.utils.split64High);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a single-precision floating point value to the buffer. Numbers
+ * requiring more than 32 bits of precision will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeFloat = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      value === Infinity || value === -Infinity || isNaN(value) ||
+      ((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX) &&
+       (value <= jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX)));
+  jspb.utils.splitFloat32(value);
+  this.writeUint32(jspb.utils.split64Low);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a double-precision floating point value to the buffer. As this is
+ * the native format used by JavaScript, no precision will be lost.
+ * @param {number} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeDouble = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      value === Infinity || value === -Infinity || isNaN(value) ||
+      ((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MAX) &&
+       (value <= jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MAX)));
+  jspb.utils.splitFloat64(value);
+  this.writeUint32(jspb.utils.split64Low);
+  this.writeUint32(jspb.utils.split64High);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a boolean value to the buffer as a varint. We allow numbers as input
+ * because the JSPB code generator uses 0/1 instead of true/false to save space
+ * in the string representation of the proto.
+ * @param {boolean|number} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeBool = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(typeof value === 'boolean' || typeof value === 'number');
+  this.buffer_.push(value ? 1 : 0);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an enum value to the buffer as a varint.
+ * @param {number} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeEnum = function(value) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(value == Math.floor(value));
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31));
+  this.writeSignedVarint32(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an arbitrary byte array to the buffer.
+ * @param {!Uint8Array} bytes The array of bytes to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeBytes = function(bytes) {
+  this.buffer_.push.apply(this.buffer_, bytes);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 64-bit hash string (8 characters @ 8 bits of data each) to the
+ * buffer as a varint.
+ * @param {string} hash The hash to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeVarintHash64 = function(hash) {
+  jspb.utils.splitHash64(hash);
+  this.writeSplitVarint64(jspb.utils.split64Low,
+                          jspb.utils.split64High);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 64-bit hash string (8 characters @ 8 bits of data each) to the
+ * buffer as a fixed64.
+ * @param {string} hash The hash to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeFixedHash64 = function(hash) {
+  jspb.utils.splitHash64(hash);
+  this.writeUint32(jspb.utils.split64Low);
+  this.writeUint32(jspb.utils.split64High);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a UTF16 Javascript string to the buffer encoded as UTF8.
+ * TODO(aappleby): Add support for surrogate pairs, reject unpaired surrogates.
+ * @param {string} value The string to write.
+ * @return {number} The number of bytes used to encode the string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeString = function(value) {
+  var oldLength = this.buffer_.length;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+
+    var c = value.charCodeAt(i);
+
+    if (c < 128) {
+      this.buffer_.push(c);
+    } else if (c < 2048) {
+      this.buffer_.push((c >> 6) | 192);
+      this.buffer_.push((c & 63) | 128);
+    } else if (c < 65536) {
+      // Look for surrogates
+      if (c >= 0xD800 && c <= 0xDBFF && i + 1 < value.length) {
+        var second = value.charCodeAt(i + 1);
+        if (second >= 0xDC00 && second <= 0xDFFF) { // low surrogate
+          // http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-encoding#surrogate-formulae
+          c = (c - 0xD800) * 0x400 + second - 0xDC00 + 0x10000;
+
+          this.buffer_.push((c >> 18) | 240);
+          this.buffer_.push(((c >> 12) & 63 ) | 128);
+          this.buffer_.push(((c >> 6) & 63) | 128);
+          this.buffer_.push((c & 63) | 128);
+          i++;
+        }
+      }
+      else {
+        this.buffer_.push((c >> 12) | 224);
+        this.buffer_.push(((c >> 6) & 63) | 128);
+        this.buffer_.push((c & 63) | 128);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  var length = this.buffer_.length - oldLength;
+  return length;
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/message_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/message_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4edc666b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/message_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+
+goog.setTestOnly();
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Deeply.Nested.Message');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test2_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ForeignNestedFieldMessage');
+
+describe('Message test suite', function() {
+  // Verify that we can successfully use a field referring to a nested message
+  // from a different .proto file.
+  it('testForeignNestedMessage', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignNestedFieldMessage();
+    var nested = new proto.jspb.test.Deeply.Nested.Message();
+    nested.setCount(5);
+    msg.setDeeplyNestedMessage(nested);
+    assertEquals(5, msg.getDeeplyNestedMessage().getCount());
+
+    // After a serialization-deserialization round trip we should get back the
+    // same data we started with.
+    var serialized = msg.serializeBinary();
+    var deserialized =
+        proto.jspb.test.ForeignNestedFieldMessage.deserializeBinary(serialized);
+    assertEquals(5, deserialized.getDeeplyNestedMessage().getCount());
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/proto_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/proto_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aee327a8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/proto_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,665 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+
+goog.require('goog.crypt.base64');
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+goog.require('jspb.Message');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: ../testbinary_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBool');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBytes');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalDouble');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFloat');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalForeignEnum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalString');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedBoolList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedDoubleList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFloatList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedForeignEnumList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBoolList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBytesList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedDoubleList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFloatList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedForeignEnumList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedStringList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint64List');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: ../node_modules/google-protobuf/google/protobuf/any_pb proto.google.protobuf
+goog.require('proto.google.protobuf.Any');
+
+
+var suite = {};
+
+var BYTES = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 8, 9]);
+
+var BYTES_B64 = goog.crypt.base64.encodeByteArray(BYTES);
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: fill all fields on a TestAllTypes message.
+ * @param {proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes} msg
+ */
+function fillAllFields(msg) {
+  msg.setOptionalInt32(-42);
+  // can be exactly represented by JS number (64-bit double, i.e., 52-bit
+  // mantissa).
+  msg.setOptionalInt64(-0x7fffffff00000000);
+  msg.setOptionalUint32(0x80000000);
+  msg.setOptionalUint64(0xf000000000000000);
+  msg.setOptionalSint32(-100);
+  msg.setOptionalSint64(-0x8000000000000000);
+  msg.setOptionalFixed32(1234);
+  msg.setOptionalFixed64(0x1234567800000000);
+  msg.setOptionalSfixed32(-1234);
+  msg.setOptionalSfixed64(-0x1234567800000000);
+  msg.setOptionalFloat(1.5);
+  msg.setOptionalDouble(-1.5);
+  msg.setOptionalBool(true);
+  msg.setOptionalString('hello world');
+  msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+  msg.setOptionalGroup(new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup());
+  msg.getOptionalGroup().setA(100);
+  var submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+  submsg.setC(16);
+  msg.setOptionalForeignMessage(submsg);
+  msg.setOptionalForeignEnum(proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+  msg.setOneofString('oneof');
+
+
+  msg.setRepeatedInt32List([-42]);
+  msg.setRepeatedInt64List([-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedUint32List([0x80000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedUint64List([0xf000000000000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedSint32List([-100]);
+  msg.setRepeatedSint64List([-0x8000000000000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedFixed32List([1234]);
+  msg.setRepeatedFixed64List([0x1234567800000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedSfixed32List([-1234]);
+  msg.setRepeatedSfixed64List([-0x1234567800000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedFloatList([1.5]);
+  msg.setRepeatedDoubleList([-1.5]);
+  msg.setRepeatedBoolList([true]);
+  msg.setRepeatedStringList(['hello world']);
+  msg.setRepeatedBytesList([BYTES, BYTES]);
+  msg.setRepeatedGroupList([new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup()]);
+  msg.getRepeatedGroupList()[0].setA(100);
+  submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+  submsg.setC(1000);
+  msg.setRepeatedForeignMessageList([submsg]);
+  msg.setRepeatedForeignEnumList([proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedInt32List([-42]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedInt64List([-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedUint32List([0x80000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedUint64List([0xf000000000000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedSint32List([-100]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedSint64List([-0x8000000000000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedFixed32List([1234]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedFixed64List([0x1234567800000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedSfixed32List([-1234]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedSfixed64List([-0x1234567800000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedFloatList([1.5]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedDoubleList([-1.5]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedBoolList([true]);
+
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: compare a bytes field to an expected value
+ * @param {Uint8Array|string} arr
+ * @param {Uint8Array} expected
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+function bytesCompare(arr, expected) {
+  if (typeof arr === 'string') {
+    arr = goog.crypt.base64.decodeStringToUint8Array(arr);
+  }
+  if (arr.length != expected.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+    if (arr[i] != expected[i]) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: verify contents of given TestAllTypes message as set by
+ * fillAllFields().
+ * @param {proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes} original
+ * @param {proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes} copy
+ */
+function checkAllFields(original, copy) {
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalInt32(), -42);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalInt64(), -0x7fffffff00000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalUint32(), 0x80000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalUint64(), 0xf000000000000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalSint32(), -100);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalSint64(), -0x8000000000000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalFixed32(), 1234);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalFixed64(), 0x1234567800000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalSfixed32(), -1234);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalSfixed64(), -0x1234567800000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalFloat(), 1.5);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalDouble(), -1.5);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalBool(), true);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalString(), 'hello world');
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+  assertEquals(
+      copy.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), goog.crypt.base64.encodeByteArray(BYTES));
+
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalGroup().getA(), 100);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalForeignMessage().getC(), 16);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalForeignEnum(),
+      proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+
+
+  assertEquals(copy.getOneofString(), 'oneof');
+  assertEquals(copy.getOneofFieldCase(),
+      proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_STRING);
+
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedInt32List(), [-42]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedInt64List(), [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedUint32List(), [0x80000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedUint64List(), [0xf000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedSint32List(), [-100]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedSint64List(), [-0x8000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedFixed32List(), [1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedFixed64List(), [0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedSfixed32List(), [-1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedSfixed64List(), [-0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedFloatList(), [1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedDoubleList(), [-1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedBoolList(), [true]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedStringList(), ['hello world']);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedBytesList().length, 2);
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[0], BYTES));
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getRepeatedBytesList()[0], BYTES));
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[1], BYTES));
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[0], BYTES_B64);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[1], BYTES_B64);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedGroupList().length, 1);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedGroupList()[0].getA(), 100);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedForeignMessageList().length, 1);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedForeignMessageList()[0].getC(), 1000);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedForeignEnumList(),
+      [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedInt32List(), [-42]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedInt64List(),
+      [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedUint32List(), [0x80000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedUint64List(),
+      [0xf000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedSint32List(), [-100]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedSint64List(),
+      [-0x8000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedFixed32List(), [1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedFixed64List(),
+      [0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedSfixed32List(), [-1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedSfixed64List(),
+      [-0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedFloatList(), [1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedDoubleList(), [-1.5]);
+
+
+  // Check last so we get more granular errors first.
+  assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(original, copy));
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: verify that all expected extensions are present.
+ * @param {!proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable} msg
+ */
+function checkExtensions(msg) {
+  assertEquals(0, msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt32));
+  assertEquals(-0x7fffffff00000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt64));
+  assertEquals(0x80000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint32));
+  assertEquals(0xf000000000000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint64));
+  assertEquals(-100,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint32));
+  assertEquals(-0x8000000000000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint64));
+  assertEquals(1234,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed32));
+  assertEquals(0x1234567800000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed64));
+  assertEquals(-1234,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed32));
+  assertEquals(-0x1234567800000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed64));
+  assertEquals(1.5,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFloat));
+  assertEquals(-1.5,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalDouble));
+  assertEquals(true,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBool));
+  assertEquals('hello world',
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalString));
+  assertEquals(
+      true, bytesCompare(
+                msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBytes), BYTES));
+  assertEquals(16,
+      msg.getExtension(
+          proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage.optionalExtension).getFoo());
+
+
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt32List),
+      [-42]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt64List),
+      [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint32List),
+      [0x80000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint64List),
+      [0xf000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint32List),
+      [-100]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint64List),
+      [-0x8000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed32List),
+      [1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed64List),
+      [0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed32List),
+      [-1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed64List),
+      [-0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFloatList),
+      [1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedDoubleList),
+      [-1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBoolList),
+      [true]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedStringList),
+      ['hello world']);
+  assertEquals(
+      true,
+      bytesCompare(
+          msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBytesList)[0], BYTES));
+  assertEquals(1000,
+      msg.getExtension(
+          proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage.repeatedExtensionList)[0]
+      .getFoo());
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedForeignEnumList),
+      [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt32List),
+      [-42]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt64List),
+      [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint32List),
+      [0x80000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint64List),
+      [0xf000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint32List),
+      [-100]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint64List),
+      [-0x8000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed32List),
+      [1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed64List),
+      [0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed32List),
+      [-1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed64List),
+      [-0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFloatList),
+      [1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedDoubleList),
+      [-1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedBoolList),
+      [true]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedForeignEnumList),
+      [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+}
+
+
+describe('protoBinaryTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests a basic serialization-deserializaton round-trip with all supported
+   * field types (on the TestAllTypes message type).
+   */
+  it('testRoundTrip', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+    fillAllFields(msg);
+    var encoded = msg.serializeBinary();
+    var decoded = proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.deserializeBinary(encoded);
+    checkAllFields(msg, decoded);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Test that base64 string and Uint8Array are interchangeable in bytes fields.
+   */
+  it('testBytesFieldsGettersInterop', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+    // Set from a base64 string and check all the getters work.
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES_B64);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    // Test binary serialize round trip doesn't break it.
+    msg = proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.deserializeBinary(msg.serializeBinary());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+    // Set from a Uint8Array and check all the getters work.
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Test that bytes setters will receive result of any of the getters.
+   */
+  it('testBytesFieldsSettersInterop', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(msg.getOptionalBytes());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Test that bytes setters will receive result of any of the getters.
+   */
+  it('testRepeatedBytesGetters', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+
+    function assertGetters() {
+      assertTrue(typeof msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[0] === 'string');
+      assertTrue(typeof msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[1] === 'string');
+      assertTrue(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[0] instanceof Uint8Array);
+      assertTrue(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[1] instanceof Uint8Array);
+
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList()[0], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList()[1], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[0], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[1], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[0], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[1], BYTES));
+    }
+
+    msg.setRepeatedBytesList([BYTES, BYTES]);
+    assertGetters();
+
+    msg.setRepeatedBytesList([BYTES_B64, BYTES_B64]);
+    assertGetters();
+
+    msg.setRepeatedBytesList([]);
+    assertEquals(0, msg.getRepeatedBytesList().length);
+    assertEquals(0, msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64().length);
+    assertEquals(0, msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8().length);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Helper: fill all extension values.
+   * @param {proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable} msg
+   */
+  function fillExtensions(msg) {
+    msg.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt32, 0);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt64, -0x7fffffff00000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint32, 0x80000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint64, 0xf000000000000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint32, -100);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint64, -0x8000000000000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed32, 1234);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed64, 0x1234567800000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed32, -1234);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed64, -0x1234567800000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFloat, 1.5);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalDouble, -1.5);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBool, true);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalString, 'hello world');
+    msg.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBytes, BYTES);
+    var submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage();
+    submsg.setFoo(16);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage.optionalExtension, submsg);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalForeignEnum,
+        proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+
+
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt32List, [-42]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt64List, [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint32List, [0x80000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint64List, [0xf000000000000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint32List, [-100]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint64List, [-0x8000000000000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed32List, [1234]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed64List, [0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed32List, [-1234]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed64List, [-0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFloatList, [1.5]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedDoubleList, [-1.5]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBoolList, [true]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedStringList, ['hello world']);
+    msg.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBytesList, [BYTES]);
+    submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage();
+    submsg.setFoo(1000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage.repeatedExtensionList, [submsg]);
+    msg.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedForeignEnumList,
+        [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt32List, [-42]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt64List, [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint32List, [0x80000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint64List, [0xf000000000000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint32List, [-100]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint64List, [-0x8000000000000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed32List, [1234]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed64List, [0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed32List, [-1234]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed64List,
+        [-0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFloatList, [1.5]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedDoubleList, [-1.5]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedBoolList, [true]);
+    msg.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedForeignEnumList,
+        [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests extension serialization and deserialization.
+   */
+  it('testExtensions', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable();
+    fillExtensions(msg);
+    var encoded = msg.serializeBinary();
+    var decoded = proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable.deserializeBinary(encoded);
+    checkExtensions(decoded);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that unknown extensions don't cause deserialization failure.
+   */
+  it('testUnknownExtension', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable();
+    fillExtensions(msg);
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    writer.writeBool((1 << 29) - 1, true);
+    proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable.serializeBinaryToWriter(msg, writer);
+    var encoded = writer.getResultBuffer();
+    var decoded = proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable.deserializeBinary(encoded);
+    checkExtensions(decoded);
+  });
+
+  it('testAnyWellKnownType', function() {
+    var any = new proto.google.protobuf.Any();
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+
+    fillAllFields(msg);
+
+    any.pack(msg.serializeBinary(), 'jspb.test.TestAllTypes');
+
+    assertEquals('type.googleapis.com/jspb.test.TestAllTypes',
+                 any.getTypeUrl());
+
+    var msg2 = any.unpack(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.deserializeBinary,
+        'jspb.test.TestAllTypes');
+
+    checkAllFields(msg, msg2);
+
+  });
+
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/reader.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/reader.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2af1a4ac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/reader.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1286 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview This file contains utilities for converting binary,
+ * wire-format protocol buffers into Javascript data structures.
+ *
+ * jspb's BinaryReader class wraps the BinaryDecoder class to add methods
+ * that understand the protocol buffer syntax and can do the type checking and
+ * bookkeeping necessary to parse trees of nested messages.
+ *
+ * Major caveat - Users of this library _must_ keep their Javascript proto
+ * parsing code in sync with the original .proto file - presumably you'll be
+ * using the typed jspb code generator, but if you bypass that you'll need
+ * to keep things in sync by hand.
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.provide('jspb.BinaryReader');
+
+goog.require('goog.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryDecoder');
+goog.require('jspb.utils');
+
+
+
+/**
+ * BinaryReader implements the decoders for all the wire types specified in
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding.
+ *
+ * @param {jspb.ByteSource=} opt_bytes The bytes we're reading from.
+ * @param {number=} opt_start The optional offset to start reading at.
+ * @param {number=} opt_length The optional length of the block to read -
+ *     we'll throw an assertion if we go off the end of the block.
+ * @constructor
+ * @struct
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader = function(opt_bytes, opt_start, opt_length) {
+  /**
+   * Wire-format decoder.
+   * @private {!jspb.BinaryDecoder}
+   */
+  this.decoder_ = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(opt_bytes, opt_start, opt_length);
+
+  /**
+   * Cursor immediately before the field tag.
+   * @private {number}
+   */
+  this.fieldCursor_ = this.decoder_.getCursor();
+
+  /**
+   * Field number of the next field in the buffer, filled in by nextField().
+   * @private {number}
+   */
+  this.nextField_ = jspb.BinaryConstants.INVALID_FIELD_NUMBER;
+
+  /**
+   * Wire type of the next proto field in the buffer, filled in by
+   * nextField().
+   * @private {jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType}
+   */
+  this.nextWireType_ = jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.INVALID;
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true if this reader encountered an error due to corrupt data.
+   * @private {boolean}
+   */
+  this.error_ = false;
+
+  /**
+   * User-defined reader callbacks.
+   * @private {?Object<string, function(!jspb.BinaryReader):*>}
+   */
+  this.readCallbacks_ = null;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Global pool of BinaryReader instances.
+ * @private {!Array<!jspb.BinaryReader>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_ = [];
+
+
+/**
+ * Pops an instance off the instance cache, or creates one if the cache is
+ * empty.
+ * @param {jspb.ByteSource=} opt_bytes The bytes we're reading from.
+ * @param {number=} opt_start The optional offset to start reading at.
+ * @param {number=} opt_length The optional length of the block to read -
+ *     we'll throw an assertion if we go off the end of the block.
+ * @return {!jspb.BinaryReader}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.alloc =
+    function(opt_bytes, opt_start, opt_length) {
+  if (jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length) {
+    var newReader = jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.pop();
+    if (opt_bytes) {
+      newReader.decoder_.setBlock(opt_bytes, opt_start, opt_length);
+    }
+    return newReader;
+  } else {
+    return new jspb.BinaryReader(opt_bytes, opt_start, opt_length);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Alias for the above method.
+ * @param {jspb.ByteSource=} opt_bytes The bytes we're reading from.
+ * @param {number=} opt_start The optional offset to start reading at.
+ * @param {number=} opt_length The optional length of the block to read -
+ *     we'll throw an assertion if we go off the end of the block.
+ * @return {!jspb.BinaryReader}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.alloc = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc;
+
+
+/**
+ * Puts this instance back in the instance cache.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.free = function() {
+  this.decoder_.clear();
+  this.nextField_ = jspb.BinaryConstants.INVALID_FIELD_NUMBER;
+  this.nextWireType_ = jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.INVALID;
+  this.error_ = false;
+  this.readCallbacks_ = null;
+
+  if (jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length < 100) {
+    jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.push(this);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns the cursor immediately before the current field's tag.
+ * @return {number} The internal read cursor.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.getFieldCursor = function() {
+  return this.fieldCursor_;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns the internal read cursor.
+ * @return {number} The internal read cursor.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.getCursor = function() {
+  return this.decoder_.getCursor();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns the raw buffer.
+ * @return {?Uint8Array} The raw buffer.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.getBuffer = function() {
+  return this.decoder_.getBuffer();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @return {number} The field number of the next field in the buffer, or
+ *     INVALID_FIELD_NUMBER if there is no next field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.getFieldNumber = function() {
+  return this.nextField_;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @return {jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType} The wire type of the next field
+ *     in the stream, or WireType.INVALID if there is no next field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.getWireType = function() {
+  return this.nextWireType_;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @return {boolean} Whether the current wire type is an end-group tag. Used as
+ * an exit condition in decoder loops in generated code.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.isEndGroup = function() {
+  return this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.END_GROUP;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if this reader hit an error due to corrupt data.
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.getError = function() {
+  return this.error_ || this.decoder_.getError();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Points this reader at a new block of bytes.
+ * @param {!Uint8Array} bytes The block of bytes we're reading from.
+ * @param {number} start The offset to start reading at.
+ * @param {number} length The length of the block to read.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.setBlock = function(bytes, start, length) {
+  this.decoder_.setBlock(bytes, start, length);
+  this.nextField_ = jspb.BinaryConstants.INVALID_FIELD_NUMBER;
+  this.nextWireType_ = jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.INVALID;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Rewinds the stream cursor to the beginning of the buffer and resets all
+ * internal state.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.reset = function() {
+  this.decoder_.reset();
+  this.nextField_ = jspb.BinaryConstants.INVALID_FIELD_NUMBER;
+  this.nextWireType_ = jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.INVALID;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Advances the stream cursor by the given number of bytes.
+ * @param {number} count The number of bytes to advance by.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.advance = function(count) {
+  this.decoder_.advance(count);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads the next field header in the stream if there is one, returns true if
+ * we saw a valid field header or false if we've read the whole stream.
+ * Throws an error if we encountered a deprecated START_GROUP/END_GROUP field.
+ * @return {boolean} True if the stream contains more fields.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.nextField = function() {
+  // If we're at the end of the block, there are no more fields.
+  if (this.decoder_.atEnd()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // If we hit an error decoding the previous field, stop now before we
+  // try to decode anything else
+  if (this.getError()) {
+    goog.asserts.fail('Decoder hit an error');
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise just read the header of the next field.
+  this.fieldCursor_ = this.decoder_.getCursor();
+  var header = this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint32();
+
+  var nextField = header >>> 3;
+  var nextWireType = /** @type {jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType} */
+      (header & 0x7);
+
+  // If the wire type isn't one of the valid ones, something's broken.
+  if (nextWireType != jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT &&
+      nextWireType != jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED32 &&
+      nextWireType != jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64 &&
+      nextWireType != jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED &&
+      nextWireType != jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.START_GROUP &&
+      nextWireType != jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.END_GROUP) {
+    goog.asserts.fail(
+        'Invalid wire type: %s (at position %s)', nextWireType,
+        this.fieldCursor_);
+    this.error_ = true;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this.nextField_ = nextField;
+  this.nextWireType_ = nextWireType;
+
+  return true;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Winds the reader back to just before this field's header.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.unskipHeader = function() {
+  this.decoder_.unskipVarint((this.nextField_ << 3) | this.nextWireType_);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Skips all contiguous fields whose header matches the one we just read.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.skipMatchingFields = function() {
+  var field = this.nextField_;
+  this.unskipHeader();
+
+  while (this.nextField() && (this.getFieldNumber() == field)) {
+    this.skipField();
+  }
+
+  if (!this.decoder_.atEnd()) {
+    this.unskipHeader();
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Skips over the next varint field in the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.skipVarintField = function() {
+  if (this.nextWireType_ != jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT) {
+    goog.asserts.fail('Invalid wire type for skipVarintField');
+    this.skipField();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this.decoder_.skipVarint();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Skips over the next delimited field in the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.skipDelimitedField = function() {
+  if (this.nextWireType_ != jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED) {
+    goog.asserts.fail('Invalid wire type for skipDelimitedField');
+    this.skipField();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  var length = this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint32();
+  this.decoder_.advance(length);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Skips over the next fixed32 field in the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.skipFixed32Field = function() {
+  if (this.nextWireType_ != jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED32) {
+    goog.asserts.fail('Invalid wire type for skipFixed32Field');
+    this.skipField();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this.decoder_.advance(4);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Skips over the next fixed64 field in the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.skipFixed64Field = function() {
+  if (this.nextWireType_ != jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64) {
+    goog.asserts.fail('Invalid wire type for skipFixed64Field');
+    this.skipField();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this.decoder_.advance(8);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Skips over the next group field in the binary stream.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.skipGroup = function() {
+  var previousField = this.nextField_;
+  do {
+    if (!this.nextField()) {
+      goog.asserts.fail('Unmatched start-group tag: stream EOF');
+      this.error_ = true;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (this.nextWireType_ ==
+               jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.END_GROUP) {
+      // Group end: check that it matches top-of-stack.
+      if (this.nextField_ != previousField) {
+        goog.asserts.fail('Unmatched end-group tag');
+        this.error_ = true;
+        return;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    this.skipField();
+  } while (true);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Skips over the next field in the binary stream - this is useful if we're
+ * decoding a message that contain unknown fields.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.skipField = function() {
+  switch (this.nextWireType_) {
+    case jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT:
+      this.skipVarintField();
+      break;
+    case jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64:
+      this.skipFixed64Field();
+      break;
+    case jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED:
+      this.skipDelimitedField();
+      break;
+    case jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED32:
+      this.skipFixed32Field();
+      break;
+    case jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.START_GROUP:
+      this.skipGroup();
+      break;
+    default:
+      goog.asserts.fail('Invalid wire encoding for field.');
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Registers a user-defined read callback.
+ * @param {string} callbackName
+ * @param {function(!jspb.BinaryReader):*} callback
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.registerReadCallback = function(
+    callbackName, callback) {
+  if (this.readCallbacks_ === null) {
+    this.readCallbacks_ = {};
+  }
+  goog.asserts.assert(!this.readCallbacks_[callbackName]);
+  this.readCallbacks_[callbackName] = callback;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Runs a registered read callback.
+ * @param {string} callbackName The name the callback is registered under.
+ * @return {*} The value returned by the callback.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.runReadCallback = function(callbackName) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(this.readCallbacks_ !== null);
+  var callback = this.readCallbacks_[callbackName];
+  goog.asserts.assert(callback);
+  return callback(this);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a field of any valid non-message type from the binary stream.
+ * @param {jspb.BinaryConstants.FieldType} fieldType
+ * @return {jspb.AnyFieldType}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readAny = function(fieldType) {
+  this.nextWireType_ = jspb.BinaryConstants.FieldTypeToWireType(fieldType);
+  var fieldTypes = jspb.BinaryConstants.FieldType;
+  switch (fieldType) {
+    case fieldTypes.DOUBLE:
+      return this.readDouble();
+    case fieldTypes.FLOAT:
+      return this.readFloat();
+    case fieldTypes.INT64:
+      return this.readInt64();
+    case fieldTypes.UINT64:
+      return this.readUint64();
+    case fieldTypes.INT32:
+      return this.readInt32();
+    case fieldTypes.FIXED64:
+      return this.readFixed64();
+    case fieldTypes.FIXED32:
+      return this.readFixed32();
+    case fieldTypes.BOOL:
+      return this.readBool();
+    case fieldTypes.STRING:
+      return this.readString();
+    case fieldTypes.GROUP:
+      goog.asserts.fail('Group field type not supported in readAny()');
+    case fieldTypes.MESSAGE:
+      goog.asserts.fail('Message field type not supported in readAny()');
+    case fieldTypes.BYTES:
+      return this.readBytes();
+    case fieldTypes.UINT32:
+      return this.readUint32();
+    case fieldTypes.ENUM:
+      return this.readEnum();
+    case fieldTypes.SFIXED32:
+      return this.readSfixed32();
+    case fieldTypes.SFIXED64:
+      return this.readSfixed64();
+    case fieldTypes.SINT32:
+      return this.readSint32();
+    case fieldTypes.SINT64:
+      return this.readSint64();
+    case fieldTypes.FHASH64:
+      return this.readFixedHash64();
+    case fieldTypes.VHASH64:
+      return this.readVarintHash64();
+    default:
+      goog.asserts.fail('Invalid field type in readAny()');
+  }
+  return 0;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Deserialize a proto into the provided message object using the provided
+ * reader function. This function is templated as we currently have one client
+ * who is using manual deserialization instead of the code-generated versions.
+ * @template T
+ * @param {T} message
+ * @param {function(T, !jspb.BinaryReader)} reader
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readMessage = function(message, reader) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+
+  // Save the current endpoint of the decoder and move it to the end of the
+  // embedded message.
+  var oldEnd = this.decoder_.getEnd();
+  var length = this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint32();
+  var newEnd = this.decoder_.getCursor() + length;
+  this.decoder_.setEnd(newEnd);
+
+  // Deserialize the embedded message.
+  reader(message, this);
+
+  // Advance the decoder past the embedded message and restore the endpoint.
+  this.decoder_.setCursor(newEnd);
+  this.decoder_.setEnd(oldEnd);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Deserialize a proto into the provided message object using the provided
+ * reader function, assuming that the message is serialized as a group
+ * with the given tag.
+ * @template T
+ * @param {number} field
+ * @param {T} message
+ * @param {function(T, !jspb.BinaryReader)} reader
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readGroup =
+    function(field, message, reader) {
+  // Ensure that the wire type is correct.
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.START_GROUP);
+  // Ensure that the field number is correct.
+  goog.asserts.assert(this.nextField_ == field);
+
+  // Deserialize the message. The deserialization will stop at an END_GROUP tag.
+  reader(message, this);
+
+  if (!this.error_ &&
+      this.nextWireType_ != jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.END_GROUP) {
+    goog.asserts.fail('Group submessage did not end with an END_GROUP tag');
+    this.error_ = true;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Return a decoder that wraps the current delimited field.
+ * @return {!jspb.BinaryDecoder}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.getFieldDecoder = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+
+  var length = this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint32();
+  var start = this.decoder_.getCursor();
+  var end = start + length;
+
+  var innerDecoder =
+      jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(this.decoder_.getBuffer(), start, length);
+  this.decoder_.setCursor(end);
+  return innerDecoder;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed 32-bit integer field from the binary stream, or throws an
+ * error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The value of the signed 32-bit integer field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readInt32 = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readSignedVarint32();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed 32-bit integer field from the binary stream, or throws an
+ * error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * Returns the value as a string.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The value of the signed 32-bit integer field as a decimal
+ * string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readInt32String = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readSignedVarint32String();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed 64-bit integer field from the binary stream, or throws an
+ * error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The value of the signed 64-bit integer field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readInt64 = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readSignedVarint64();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed 64-bit integer field from the binary stream, or throws an
+ * error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * Returns the value as a string.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The value of the signed 64-bit integer field as a decimal
+ * string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readInt64String = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readSignedVarint64String();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads an unsigned 32-bit integer field from the binary stream, or throws an
+ * error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The value of the unsigned 32-bit integer field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint32 = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint32();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads an unsigned 32-bit integer field from the binary stream, or throws an
+ * error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * Returns the value as a string.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The value of the unsigned 32-bit integer field as a decimal
+ * string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint32String = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint32String();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads an unsigned 64-bit integer field from the binary stream, or throws an
+ * error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The value of the unsigned 64-bit integer field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint64 = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint64();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads an unsigned 64-bit integer field from the binary stream, or throws an
+ * error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * Returns the value as a string.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The value of the unsigned 64-bit integer field as a decimal
+ * string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint64String = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint64String();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed zigzag-encoded 32-bit integer field from the binary stream,
+ * or throws an error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct
+ * wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The value of the signed 32-bit integer field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint32 = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readZigzagVarint32();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed zigzag-encoded 64-bit integer field from the binary stream,
+ * or throws an error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct
+ * wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The value of the signed 64-bit integer field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint64 = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readZigzagVarint64();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed zigzag-encoded 64-bit integer field from the binary stream,
+ * or throws an error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct
+ * wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The value of the signed 64-bit integer field as a decimal string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint64String = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readZigzagVarint64String();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads an unsigned 32-bit fixed-length integer fiield from the binary stream,
+ * or throws an error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct
+ * wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The value of the double field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readFixed32 = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED32);
+  return this.decoder_.readUint32();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads an unsigned 64-bit fixed-length integer fiield from the binary stream,
+ * or throws an error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct
+ * wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The value of the float field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readFixed64 = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64);
+  return this.decoder_.readUint64();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed 64-bit integer field from the binary stream as a string, or
+ * throws an error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire
+ * type.
+ *
+ * Returns the value as a string.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The value of the unsigned 64-bit integer field as a decimal
+ * string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readFixed64String = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64);
+  return this.decoder_.readUint64String();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed 32-bit fixed-length integer fiield from the binary stream, or
+ * throws an error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire
+ * type.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The value of the signed 32-bit integer field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSfixed32 = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED32);
+  return this.decoder_.readInt32();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed 32-bit fixed-length integer fiield from the binary stream, or
+ * throws an error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire
+ * type.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The value of the signed 32-bit integer field as a decimal
+ * string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSfixed32String = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED32);
+  return this.decoder_.readInt32().toString();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed 64-bit fixed-length integer fiield from the binary stream, or
+ * throws an error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire
+ * type.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The value of the sfixed64 field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSfixed64 = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64);
+  return this.decoder_.readInt64();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a signed 64-bit fixed-length integer fiield from the binary stream, or
+ * throws an error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire
+ * type.
+ *
+ * Returns the value as a string.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The value of the sfixed64 field as a decimal string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSfixed64String = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64);
+  return this.decoder_.readInt64String();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 32-bit floating-point field from the binary stream, or throws an
+ * error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The value of the float field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readFloat = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED32);
+  return this.decoder_.readFloat();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 64-bit floating-point field from the binary stream, or throws an
+ * error if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The value of the double field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readDouble = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64);
+  return this.decoder_.readDouble();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a boolean field from the binary stream, or throws an error if the next
+ * field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {boolean} The value of the boolean field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readBool = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return !!this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint32();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads an enum field from the binary stream, or throws an error if the next
+ * field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {number} The value of the enum field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readEnum = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readSignedVarint64();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a string field from the binary stream, or throws an error if the next
+ * field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The value of the string field.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readString = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  var length = this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint32();
+  return this.decoder_.readString(length);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a length-prefixed block of bytes from the binary stream, or returns
+ * null if the next field in the stream has an invalid length value.
+ *
+ * @return {!Uint8Array} The block of bytes.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readBytes = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  var length = this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint32();
+  return this.decoder_.readBytes(length);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 64-bit varint or fixed64 field from the stream and returns it as an
+ * 8-character Unicode string for use as a hash table key, or throws an error
+ * if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The hash value.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readVarintHash64 = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readVarintHash64();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads an sint64 field from the stream and returns it as an 8-character
+ * Unicode string for use as a hash table key, or throws an error if the next
+ * field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The hash value.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSintHash64 = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readZigzagVarintHash64();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 64-bit varint field from the stream and invokes `convert` to produce
+ * the return value, or throws an error if the next field in the stream is not
+ * of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @param {function(number, number): T} convert Conversion function to produce
+ *     the result value, takes parameters (lowBits, highBits).
+ * @return {T}
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSplitVarint64 = function(convert) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readSplitVarint64(convert);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 64-bit zig-zag varint field from the stream and invokes `convert` to
+ * produce the return value, or throws an error if the next field in the stream
+ * is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @param {function(number, number): T} convert Conversion function to produce
+ *     the result value, takes parameters (lowBits, highBits).
+ * @return {T}
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSplitZigzagVarint64 = function(convert) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  return this.decoder_.readSplitVarint64(function(lowBits, highBits) {
+    return jspb.utils.fromZigzag64(lowBits, highBits, convert);
+  });
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 64-bit varint or fixed64 field from the stream and returns it as a
+ * 8-character Unicode string for use as a hash table key, or throws an error
+ * if the next field in the stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @return {string} The hash value.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readFixedHash64 = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64);
+  return this.decoder_.readFixedHash64();
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a 64-bit fixed64 field from the stream and invokes `convert`
+ * to produce the return value, or throws an error if the next field in the
+ * stream is not of the correct wire type.
+ *
+ * @param {function(number, number): T} convert Conversion function to produce
+ *     the result value, takes parameters (lowBits, highBits).
+ * @return {T}
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSplitFixed64 = function(convert) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64);
+  return this.decoder_.readSplitFixed64(convert);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed scalar field using the supplied raw reader function.
+ * @param {function(this:jspb.BinaryDecoder)} decodeMethod
+ * @return {!Array}
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedField_ = function(decodeMethod) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      this.nextWireType_ == jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  var length = this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint32();
+  var end = this.decoder_.getCursor() + length;
+  var result = [];
+  while (this.decoder_.getCursor() < end) {
+    // TODO(aappleby): .call is slow
+    result.push(decodeMethod.call(this.decoder_));
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed int32 field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * signed varints.
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedInt32 = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readSignedVarint32);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed int32 field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * signed varints. Returns a list of strings.
+ * @return {!Array<string>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedInt32String = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readSignedVarint32String);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed int64 field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * signed varints.
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedInt64 = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readSignedVarint64);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed int64 field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * signed varints. Returns a list of strings.
+ * @return {!Array<string>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedInt64String = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readSignedVarint64String);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed uint32 field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * unsigned varints.
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedUint32 = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint32);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed uint32 field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * unsigned varints. Returns a list of strings.
+ * @return {!Array<string>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedUint32String = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint32String);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed uint64 field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * unsigned varints.
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedUint64 = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint64);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed uint64 field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * unsigned varints. Returns a list of strings.
+ * @return {!Array<string>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedUint64String = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readUnsignedVarint64String);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed sint32 field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * zigzag varints.
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedSint32 = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readZigzagVarint32);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed sint64 field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * zigzag varints.
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedSint64 = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readZigzagVarint64);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed sint64 field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * zigzag varints.  Returns a list of strings.
+ * @return {!Array<string>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedSint64String = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readZigzagVarint64String);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed fixed32 field, which consists of a length header and a list
+ * of unsigned 32-bit ints.
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedFixed32 = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readUint32);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed fixed64 field, which consists of a length header and a list
+ * of unsigned 64-bit ints.
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedFixed64 = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readUint64);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed fixed64 field, which consists of a length header and a list
+ * of unsigned 64-bit ints.  Returns a list of strings.
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedFixed64String = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readUint64String);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed sfixed32 field, which consists of a length header and a list
+ * of 32-bit ints.
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedSfixed32 = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readInt32);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed sfixed64 field, which consists of a length header and a list
+ * of 64-bit ints.
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedSfixed64 = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readInt64);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed sfixed64 field, which consists of a length header and a list
+ * of 64-bit ints.  Returns a list of strings.
+ * @return {!Array<string>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedSfixed64String = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readInt64String);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed float field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * floats.
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedFloat = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readFloat);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed double field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * doubles.
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedDouble = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readDouble);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed bool field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * unsigned varints.
+ * @return {!Array<boolean>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedBool = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readBool);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed enum field, which consists of a length header and a list of
+ * unsigned varints.
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedEnum = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readEnum);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed varint hash64 field, which consists of a length header and a
+ * list of varint hash64s.
+ * @return {!Array<string>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedVarintHash64 = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readVarintHash64);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads a packed fixed hash64 field, which consists of a length header and a
+ * list of fixed hash64s.
+ * @return {!Array<string>}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readPackedFixedHash64 = function() {
+  return this.readPackedField_(this.decoder_.readFixedHash64);
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/reader_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/reader_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..daa0ab698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/reader_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,967 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for jspb's binary protocol buffer reader.
+ *
+ * There are two particular magic numbers that need to be pointed out -
+ * 2^64-1025 is the largest number representable as both a double and an
+ * unsigned 64-bit integer, and 2^63-513 is the largest number representable as
+ * both a double and a signed 64-bit integer.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryDecoder');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryReader');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+
+
+
+describe('binaryReaderTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests the reader instance cache.
+   */
+  it('testInstanceCaches', /** @suppress {visibility} */ function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+    writer.writeMessage(1, dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+    writer.writeMessage(2, dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+
+    var buffer = writer.getResultBuffer();
+
+    // Empty the instance caches.
+    jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_ = [];
+
+    // Allocating and then freeing three decoders should leave us with three in
+    // the cache.
+
+    var decoder1 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    var decoder2 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    var decoder3 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    decoder1.free();
+    decoder2.free();
+    decoder3.free();
+
+    assertEquals(3, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Allocating and then freeing a reader should remove one decoder from its
+    // cache, but it should stay stuck to the reader afterwards since we can't
+    // have a reader without a decoder.
+    jspb.BinaryReader.alloc().free();
+
+    assertEquals(2, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(1, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Allocating a reader should remove a reader from the cache.
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(buffer);
+
+    assertEquals(2, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Processing the message reuses the current reader.
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+    });
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+    });
+
+    assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+
+    assertEquals(2, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Freeing the reader should put it back into the cache.
+    reader.free();
+
+    assertEquals(2, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(1, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * @param {number} x
+   * @return {number}
+   */
+  function truncate(x) {
+    var temp = new Float32Array(1);
+    temp[0] = x;
+    return temp[0];
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Verifies that misuse of the reader class triggers assertions.
+   */
+  it('testReadErrors', /** @suppress {checkTypes|visibility} */ function() {
+    // Calling readMessage on a non-delimited field should trigger an
+    // assertion.
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([8, 1]);
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertThrows(function() {
+      reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+    });
+
+    // Reading past the end of the stream should trigger an assertion.
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([9, 1]);
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readFixed64()});
+
+    // Reading past the end of a submessage should trigger an assertion.
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([10, 4, 13, 1, 1, 1]);
+    reader.nextField();
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertThrows(function() {reader.readFixed32()});
+    });
+
+    // Skipping an invalid field should trigger an assertion.
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([12, 1]);
+    reader.nextWireType_ = 1000;
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.skipField()});
+
+    // Reading fields with the wrong wire type should assert.
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readInt32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readInt32String()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readInt64()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readInt64String()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readUint32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readUint32String()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readUint64()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readUint64String()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readSint32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readBool()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readEnum()});
+
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([8, 1]);
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readFixed32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readFixed64()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readSfixed32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readSfixed64()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readFloat()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readDouble()});
+
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readString()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readBytes()});
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of unsigned field types.
+   * @param {Function} readField
+   * @param {Function} writeField
+   * @param {number} epsilon
+   * @param {number} upperLimit
+   * @param {Function} filter
+   * @private
+   * @suppress {missingProperties}
+   */
+  var doTestUnsignedField_ = function(readField,
+      writeField, epsilon, upperLimit, filter) {
+    assertNotNull(readField);
+    assertNotNull(writeField);
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    // Encode zero and limits.
+    writeField.call(writer, 1, filter(0));
+    writeField.call(writer, 2, filter(epsilon));
+    writeField.call(writer, 3, filter(upperLimit));
+
+    // Encode positive values.
+    for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+      writeField.call(writer, 4, filter(cursor));
+    }
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    // Check zero and limits.
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(0), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(epsilon), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(upperLimit), readField.call(reader));
+
+    // Check positive values.
+    for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      if (4 != reader.getFieldNumber()) throw 'fail!';
+      if (filter(cursor) != readField.call(reader)) throw 'fail!';
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of signed field types.
+   * @param {Function} readField
+   * @param {Function} writeField
+   * @param {number} epsilon
+   * @param {number} lowerLimit
+   * @param {number} upperLimit
+   * @param {Function} filter
+   * @private
+   * @suppress {missingProperties}
+   */
+  var doTestSignedField_ = function(readField,
+      writeField, epsilon, lowerLimit, upperLimit, filter) {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    // Encode zero and limits.
+    writeField.call(writer, 1, filter(lowerLimit));
+    writeField.call(writer, 2, filter(-epsilon));
+    writeField.call(writer, 3, filter(0));
+    writeField.call(writer, 4, filter(epsilon));
+    writeField.call(writer, 5, filter(upperLimit));
+
+    var inputValues = [];
+
+    // Encode negative values.
+    for (var cursor = lowerLimit; cursor < -epsilon; cursor /= 1.1) {
+      var val = filter(cursor);
+      writeField.call(writer, 6, val);
+      inputValues.push({
+        fieldNumber: 6,
+        value: val
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Encode positive values.
+    for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+      var val = filter(cursor);
+      writeField.call(writer, 7, val);
+      inputValues.push({
+        fieldNumber: 7,
+        value: val
+      });
+    }
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    // Check zero and limits.
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(lowerLimit), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(-epsilon), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(0), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(4, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(epsilon), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(5, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(upperLimit), readField.call(reader));
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < inputValues.length; i++) {
+      var expected = inputValues[i];
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(expected.fieldNumber, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(expected.value, readField.call(reader));
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests fields that use varint encoding.
+   */
+  it('testVarintFields', function() {
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint32);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint32);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint64);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint64);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readBool);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeBool);
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint32,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 32) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint64,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 64) - 1025, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readInt32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeInt32,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 31), Math.pow(2, 31) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readInt64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeInt64,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 63), Math.pow(2, 63) - 513, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readEnum,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeEnum,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 31), Math.pow(2, 31) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readBool,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeBool,
+        1, 1, function(x) { return !!x; });
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests reading a field from hexadecimal string (format: '08 BE EF').
+   * @param {Function} readField
+   * @param {number} expected
+   * @param {string} hexString
+   */
+  function doTestHexStringVarint_(readField, expected, hexString) {
+    var bytesCount = (hexString.length + 1) / 3;
+    var bytes = new Uint8Array(bytesCount);
+    for (var i = 0; i < bytesCount; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = parseInt(hexString.substring(i * 3, i * 3 + 2), 16);
+    }
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(bytes);
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(expected, readField.call(reader));
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests non-canonical redundant varint decoding.
+   */
+  it('testRedundantVarintFields', function() {
+    assertNotNull(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint32);
+    assertNotNull(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint64);
+    assertNotNull(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint32);
+    assertNotNull(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint64);
+
+    // uint32 and sint32 take no more than 5 bytes
+    // 08 - field prefix (type = 0 means varint)
+    doTestHexStringVarint_(
+      jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint32,
+      12, '08 8C 80 80 80 00');
+
+    // 11 stands for -6 in zigzag encoding
+    doTestHexStringVarint_(
+      jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint32,
+      -6, '08 8B 80 80 80 00');
+
+    // uint64 and sint64 take no more than 10 bytes
+    // 08 - field prefix (type = 0 means varint)
+    doTestHexStringVarint_(
+      jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint64,
+      12, '08 8C 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 00');
+
+    // 11 stands for -6 in zigzag encoding
+    doTestHexStringVarint_(
+      jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint64,
+      -6, '08 8B 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 00');
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Tests reading 64-bit integers as split values.
+   */
+  it('handles split 64 fields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    writer.writeInt64String(1, '4294967296');
+    writer.writeSfixed64String(2, '4294967298');
+    writer.writeInt64String(3, '3');  // 3 is the zig-zag encoding of -2.
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    function rejoin(lowBits, highBits) {
+      return highBits * 2 ** 32 + (lowBits >>> 0);
+    }
+    reader.nextField();
+    expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(1);
+    expect(reader.readSplitVarint64(rejoin)).toEqual(0x100000000);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(2);
+    expect(reader.readSplitFixed64(rejoin)).toEqual(0x100000002);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(3);
+    expect(reader.readSplitZigzagVarint64(rejoin)).toEqual(-2);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Tests 64-bit fields that are handled as strings.
+   */
+  it('testStringInt64Fields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var testSignedData = [
+      '2730538252207801776',
+      '-2688470994844604560',
+      '3398529779486536359',
+      '3568577411627971000',
+      '272477188847484900',
+      '-6649058714086158188',
+      '-7695254765712060806',
+      '-4525541438037104029',
+      '-4993706538836508568',
+      '4990160321893729138'
+    ];
+    var testUnsignedData = [
+      '7822732630241694882',
+      '6753602971916687352',
+      '2399935075244442116',
+      '8724292567325338867',
+      '16948784802625696584',
+      '4136275908516066934',
+      '3575388346793700364',
+      '5167142028379259461',
+      '1557573948689737699',
+      '17100725280812548567'
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testSignedData.length; i++) {
+      writer.writeInt64String(2 * i + 1, testSignedData[i]);
+      writer.writeUint64String(2 * i + 2, testUnsignedData[i]);
+    }
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testSignedData.length; i++) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(2 * i + 1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(testSignedData[i], reader.readInt64String());
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(2 * i + 2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(testUnsignedData[i], reader.readUint64String());
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests fields that use zigzag encoding.
+   */
+  it('testZigzagFields', function() {
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSint32,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 31), Math.pow(2, 31) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSint64,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 63), Math.pow(2, 63) - 513, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSintHash64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSintHash64, 1, -Math.pow(2, 63),
+        Math.pow(2, 63) - 513, jspb.utils.numberToHash64);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests fields that use fixed-length encoding.
+   */
+  it('testFixedFields', function() {
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readFixed32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFixed32,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 32) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readFixed64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFixed64,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 64) - 1025, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSfixed32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSfixed32,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 31), Math.pow(2, 31) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSfixed64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSfixed64,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 63), Math.pow(2, 63) - 513, Math.round);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests floating point fields.
+   */
+  it('testFloatFields', function() {
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readFloat,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFloat,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MIN,
+        -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX,
+        truncate);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readDouble,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeDouble,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_EPS * 10,
+        -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MIN,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MIN,
+        function(x) { return x; });
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests length-delimited string fields.
+   */
+  it('testStringFields', function() {
+    var s1 = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.';
+    var s2 = '人人生而自由，在尊嚴和權利上一律平等。';
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    writer.writeString(1, s1);
+    writer.writeString(2, s2);
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(s1, reader.readString());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(s2, reader.readString());
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests length-delimited byte fields.
+   */
+  it('testByteFields', function() {
+    var message = [];
+    var lowerLimit = 1;
+    var upperLimit = 256;
+    var scale = 1.1;
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    for (var cursor = lowerLimit; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+      var len = Math.round(cursor);
+      var bytes = [];
+      for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) bytes.push(i % 256);
+
+      writer.writeBytes(len, bytes);
+    }
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    for (var cursor = lowerLimit; reader.nextField(); cursor *= 1.1) {
+      var len = Math.round(cursor);
+      if (len != reader.getFieldNumber()) throw 'fail!';
+
+      var bytes = reader.readBytes();
+      if (len != bytes.length) throw 'fail!';
+      for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+        if (i % 256 != bytes[i]) throw 'fail!';
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests nested messages.
+   */
+  it('testNesting', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 100);
+
+    // Add one message with 3 int fields.
+    writer.writeMessage(2, dummyMessage, function() {
+      writer.writeInt32(3, 300);
+      writer.writeInt32(4, 400);
+      writer.writeInt32(5, 500);
+    });
+
+    // Add one empty message.
+    writer.writeMessage(6, dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+
+    writer.writeInt32(7, 700);
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    // Validate outermost message.
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(100, reader.readInt32());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      // Validate embedded message 1.
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(300, reader.readInt32());
+
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(4, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(400, reader.readInt32());
+
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(5, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(500, reader.readInt32());
+
+      assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+    });
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(6, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      // Validate embedded message 2.
+
+      assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+    });
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(7, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(700, reader.readInt32());
+
+    assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Tests skipping fields of each type by interleaving them with sentinel
+   * values and skipping everything that's not a sentinel.
+   */
+  it('testSkipField', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var sentinel = 123456789;
+
+    // Write varint fields of different sizes.
+    writer.writeInt32(1, sentinel);
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 1);
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 1000);
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 1000000);
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 1000000000);
+
+    // Write fixed 64-bit encoded fields.
+    writer.writeInt32(2, sentinel);
+    writer.writeDouble(2, 1);
+    writer.writeFixed64(2, 1);
+    writer.writeSfixed64(2, 1);
+
+    // Write fixed 32-bit encoded fields.
+    writer.writeInt32(3, sentinel);
+    writer.writeFloat(3, 1);
+    writer.writeFixed32(3, 1);
+    writer.writeSfixed32(3, 1);
+
+    // Write delimited fields.
+    writer.writeInt32(4, sentinel);
+    writer.writeBytes(4, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]);
+    writer.writeString(4, 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog');
+
+    // Write a group with a nested group inside.
+    writer.writeInt32(5, sentinel);
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+    writer.writeGroup(5, dummyMessage, function() {
+      // Previously the skipGroup implementation was wrong, which only consume
+      // the decoder by nextField. This case is for making the previous
+      // implementation failed in skipGroup by an early end group tag.
+      // The reason is 44 = 5 * 8 + 4, this will be translated in to a field
+      // with number 5 and with type 4 (end group)
+      writer.writeInt64(44, 44);
+      // This will make previous implementation failed by invalid tag (7).
+      writer.writeInt64(42, 47);
+      writer.writeInt64(42, 42);
+      // This is for making the previous implementation failed by an invalid
+      // varint. The bytes have at least 9 consecutive minus byte, which will
+      // fail in this.nextField for previous implementation.
+      writer.writeBytes(43, [255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255]);
+      writer.writeGroup(6, dummyMessage, function() {
+        writer.writeInt64(84, 42);
+        writer.writeInt64(84, 44);
+        writer.writeBytes(
+          43, [255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255]);
+      });
+    });
+
+    // Write final sentinel.
+    writer.writeInt32(6, sentinel);
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    function skip(field, count) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        reader.nextField();
+        if (field != reader.getFieldNumber()) throw 'fail!';
+        reader.skipField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(1, 4);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(2, 3);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(3, 3);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(4, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(4, 2);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(5, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(5, 1);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(6, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests packed fields.
+   */
+  it('testPackedFields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var sentinel = 123456789;
+
+    var unsignedData = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
+    var signedData = [-1, 2, -3, 4, -5, 6, -7, 8, -9, 10];
+    var floatData = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 7.7, 8.8, 9.9, 10.10];
+    var doubleData = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 7.7, 8.8, 9.9, 10.10];
+    var boolData = [true, false, true, true, false, false, true, false];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < floatData.length; i++) {
+      floatData[i] = truncate(floatData[i]);
+    }
+
+    writer.writeInt32(1, sentinel);
+
+    writer.writePackedInt32(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedInt64(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedUint32(2, unsignedData);
+    writer.writePackedUint64(2, unsignedData);
+    writer.writePackedSint32(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedSint64(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedFixed32(2, unsignedData);
+    writer.writePackedFixed64(2, unsignedData);
+    writer.writePackedSfixed32(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedSfixed64(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedFloat(2, floatData);
+    writer.writePackedDouble(2, doubleData);
+    writer.writePackedBool(2, boolData);
+    writer.writePackedEnum(2, unsignedData);
+
+    writer.writeInt32(3, sentinel);
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedInt32(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedInt64(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedUint32(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedUint64(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedSint32(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedSint64(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedFixed32(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedFixed64(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedSfixed32(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedSfixed64(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedFloat(), floatData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedDouble(), doubleData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedBool(), boolData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedEnum(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Byte blobs inside nested messages should always have their byte offset set
+   * relative to the start of the outermost blob, not the start of their parent
+   * blob.
+   */
+  it('testNestedBlobs', function() {
+    // Create a proto consisting of two nested messages, with the inner one
+    // containing a blob of bytes.
+
+    var fieldTag = (1 << 3) | jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED;
+    var blob = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+
+    writer.writeMessage(1, dummyMessage, function() {
+      writer.writeMessage(1, dummyMessage, function() {
+        writer.writeBytes(1, blob);
+      });
+    });
+
+    // Peel off the outer two message layers. Each layer should have two bytes
+    // of overhead, one for the field tag and one for the length of the inner
+    // blob.
+
+    var decoder1 = new jspb.BinaryDecoder(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(fieldTag, decoder1.readUnsignedVarint32());
+    assertEquals(blob.length + 4, decoder1.readUnsignedVarint32());
+
+    var decoder2 = new jspb.BinaryDecoder(decoder1.readBytes(blob.length + 4));
+    assertEquals(fieldTag, decoder2.readUnsignedVarint32());
+    assertEquals(blob.length + 2, decoder2.readUnsignedVarint32());
+
+    assertEquals(fieldTag, decoder2.readUnsignedVarint32());
+    assertEquals(blob.length, decoder2.readUnsignedVarint32());
+    var bytes = decoder2.readBytes(blob.length);
+
+    assertElementsEquals(bytes, blob);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests read callbacks.
+   */
+  it('testReadCallbacks', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+
+    // Add an int, a submessage, and another int.
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 100);
+
+    writer.writeMessage(2, dummyMessage, function() {
+      writer.writeInt32(3, 300);
+      writer.writeInt32(4, 400);
+      writer.writeInt32(5, 500);
+    });
+
+    writer.writeInt32(7, 700);
+
+    // Create the reader and register a custom read callback.
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    /**
+     * @param {!jspb.BinaryReader} reader
+     * @return {*}
+     */
+    function readCallback(reader) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(300, reader.readInt32());
+
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(4, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(400, reader.readInt32());
+
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(5, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(500, reader.readInt32());
+
+      assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+    };
+
+    reader.registerReadCallback('readCallback', readCallback);
+
+    // Read the container message.
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(100, reader.readInt32());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      // Decode the embedded message using the registered callback.
+      reader.runReadCallback('readCallback');
+    });
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(7, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(700, reader.readInt32());
+
+    assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/utils.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..195247ecd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1066 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview This file contains helper code used by jspb.BinaryReader
+ * and BinaryWriter.
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.provide('jspb.utils');
+
+goog.require('goog.asserts');
+goog.require('goog.crypt');
+goog.require('goog.crypt.base64');
+goog.require('goog.string');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+
+
+/**
+ * Javascript can't natively handle 64-bit data types, so to manipulate them we
+ * have to split them into two 32-bit halves and do the math manually.
+ *
+ * Instead of instantiating and passing small structures around to do this, we
+ * instead just use two global temporary values. This one stores the low 32
+ * bits of a split value - for example, if the original value was a 64-bit
+ * integer, this temporary value will contain the low 32 bits of that integer.
+ * If the original value was a double, this temporary value will contain the
+ * low 32 bits of the binary representation of that double, etcetera.
+ * @type {number}
+ */
+jspb.utils.split64Low = 0;
+
+
+/**
+ * And correspondingly, this temporary variable will contain the high 32 bits
+ * of whatever value was split.
+ * @type {number}
+ */
+jspb.utils.split64High = 0;
+
+
+/**
+ * Splits an unsigned Javascript integer into two 32-bit halves and stores it
+ * in the temp values above.
+ * @param {number} value The number to split.
+ */
+jspb.utils.splitUint64 = function(value) {
+  // Extract low 32 bits and high 32 bits as unsigned integers.
+  var lowBits = value >>> 0;
+  var highBits = Math.floor((value - lowBits) /
+                            jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32) >>> 0;
+
+  jspb.utils.split64Low = lowBits;
+  jspb.utils.split64High = highBits;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Splits a signed Javascript integer into two 32-bit halves and stores it in
+ * the temp values above.
+ * @param {number} value The number to split.
+ */
+jspb.utils.splitInt64 = function(value) {
+  // Convert to sign-magnitude representation.
+  var sign = (value < 0);
+  value = Math.abs(value);
+
+  // Extract low 32 bits and high 32 bits as unsigned integers.
+  var lowBits = value >>> 0;
+  var highBits = Math.floor((value - lowBits) /
+                            jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32);
+  highBits = highBits >>> 0;
+
+  // Perform two's complement conversion if the sign bit was set.
+  if (sign) {
+    highBits = ~highBits >>> 0;
+    lowBits = ~lowBits >>> 0;
+    lowBits += 1;
+    if (lowBits > 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+      lowBits = 0;
+      highBits++;
+      if (highBits > 0xFFFFFFFF) highBits = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  jspb.utils.split64Low = lowBits;
+  jspb.utils.split64High = highBits;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Convers a signed Javascript integer into zigzag format, splits it into two
+ * 32-bit halves, and stores it in the temp values above.
+ * @param {number} value The number to split.
+ */
+jspb.utils.splitZigzag64 = function(value) {
+  // Convert to sign-magnitude and scale by 2 before we split the value.
+  var sign = (value < 0);
+  value = Math.abs(value) * 2;
+
+  jspb.utils.splitUint64(value);
+  var lowBits = jspb.utils.split64Low;
+  var highBits = jspb.utils.split64High;
+
+  // If the value is negative, subtract 1 from the split representation so we
+  // don't lose the sign bit due to precision issues.
+  if (sign) {
+    if (lowBits == 0) {
+      if (highBits == 0) {
+        lowBits = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+        highBits = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+      } else {
+        highBits--;
+        lowBits = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+      }
+    } else {
+      lowBits--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  jspb.utils.split64Low = lowBits;
+  jspb.utils.split64High = highBits;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts a floating-point number into 32-bit IEEE representation and stores
+ * it in the temp values above.
+ * @param {number} value
+ */
+jspb.utils.splitFloat32 = function(value) {
+  var sign = (value < 0) ? 1 : 0;
+  value = sign ? -value : value;
+  var exp;
+  var mant;
+
+  // Handle zeros.
+  if (value === 0) {
+    if ((1 / value) > 0) {
+      // Positive zero.
+      jspb.utils.split64High = 0;
+      jspb.utils.split64Low = 0x00000000;
+    } else {
+      // Negative zero.
+      jspb.utils.split64High = 0;
+      jspb.utils.split64Low = 0x80000000;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Handle nans.
+  if (isNaN(value)) {
+    jspb.utils.split64High = 0;
+    jspb.utils.split64Low = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Handle infinities.
+  if (value > jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX) {
+    jspb.utils.split64High = 0;
+    jspb.utils.split64Low = ((sign << 31) | (0x7F800000)) >>> 0;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Handle denormals.
+  if (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MIN) {
+    // Number is a denormal.
+    mant = Math.round(value / Math.pow(2, -149));
+    jspb.utils.split64High = 0;
+    jspb.utils.split64Low = ((sign << 31) | mant) >>> 0;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  exp = Math.floor(Math.log(value) / Math.LN2);
+  mant = value * Math.pow(2, -exp);
+  mant = Math.round(mant * jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_23) & 0x7FFFFF;
+
+  jspb.utils.split64High = 0;
+  jspb.utils.split64Low = ((sign << 31) | ((exp + 127) << 23) | mant) >>> 0;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts a floating-point number into 64-bit IEEE representation and stores
+ * it in the temp values above.
+ * @param {number} value
+ */
+jspb.utils.splitFloat64 = function(value) {
+  var sign = (value < 0) ? 1 : 0;
+  value = sign ? -value : value;
+
+  // Handle zeros.
+  if (value === 0) {
+    if ((1 / value) > 0) {
+      // Positive zero.
+      jspb.utils.split64High = 0x00000000;
+      jspb.utils.split64Low = 0x00000000;
+    } else {
+      // Negative zero.
+      jspb.utils.split64High = 0x80000000;
+      jspb.utils.split64Low = 0x00000000;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Handle nans.
+  if (isNaN(value)) {
+    jspb.utils.split64High = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+    jspb.utils.split64Low = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Handle infinities.
+  if (value > jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MAX) {
+    jspb.utils.split64High = ((sign << 31) | (0x7FF00000)) >>> 0;
+    jspb.utils.split64Low = 0;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Handle denormals.
+  if (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MIN) {
+    // Number is a denormal.
+    var mant = value / Math.pow(2, -1074);
+    var mantHigh = (mant / jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32);
+    jspb.utils.split64High = ((sign << 31) | mantHigh) >>> 0;
+    jspb.utils.split64Low = (mant >>> 0);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Compute the least significant exponent needed to represent the magnitude of
+  // the value by repeadly dividing/multiplying by 2 until the magnitude
+  // crosses 2. While tempting to use log math to find the exponent, at the
+  // bounadaries of precision, the result can be off by one.
+  var maxDoubleExponent = 1023;
+  var minDoubleExponent = -1022;
+  var x = value;
+  var exp = 0;
+  if (x >= 2) {
+    while (x >= 2 && exp < maxDoubleExponent) {
+      exp++;
+      x = x / 2;
+    }
+  } else {
+    while (x < 1 && exp > minDoubleExponent) {
+      x = x * 2;
+      exp--;
+    }
+  }
+  var mant = value * Math.pow(2, -exp);
+
+  var mantHigh = (mant * jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_20) & 0xFFFFF;
+  var mantLow = (mant * jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_52) >>> 0;
+
+  jspb.utils.split64High =
+      ((sign << 31) | ((exp + 1023) << 20) | mantHigh) >>> 0;
+  jspb.utils.split64Low = mantLow;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts an 8-character hash string into two 32-bit numbers and stores them
+ * in the temp values above.
+ * @param {string} hash
+ */
+jspb.utils.splitHash64 = function(hash) {
+  var a = hash.charCodeAt(0);
+  var b = hash.charCodeAt(1);
+  var c = hash.charCodeAt(2);
+  var d = hash.charCodeAt(3);
+  var e = hash.charCodeAt(4);
+  var f = hash.charCodeAt(5);
+  var g = hash.charCodeAt(6);
+  var h = hash.charCodeAt(7);
+
+  jspb.utils.split64Low = (a + (b << 8) + (c << 16) + (d << 24)) >>> 0;
+  jspb.utils.split64High = (e + (f << 8) + (g << 16) + (h << 24)) >>> 0;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Joins two 32-bit values into a 64-bit unsigned integer. Precision will be
+ * lost if the result is greater than 2^52.
+ * @param {number} bitsLow
+ * @param {number} bitsHigh
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+jspb.utils.joinUint64 = function(bitsLow, bitsHigh) {
+  return bitsHigh * jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32 + (bitsLow >>> 0);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Joins two 32-bit values into a 64-bit signed integer. Precision will be lost
+ * if the result is greater than 2^52.
+ * @param {number} bitsLow
+ * @param {number} bitsHigh
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+jspb.utils.joinInt64 = function(bitsLow, bitsHigh) {
+  // If the high bit is set, do a manual two's complement conversion.
+  var sign = (bitsHigh & 0x80000000);
+  if (sign) {
+    bitsLow = (~bitsLow + 1) >>> 0;
+    bitsHigh = ~bitsHigh >>> 0;
+    if (bitsLow == 0) {
+      bitsHigh = (bitsHigh + 1) >>> 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  var result = jspb.utils.joinUint64(bitsLow, bitsHigh);
+  return sign ? -result : result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Converts split 64-bit values from standard two's complement encoding to
+ * zig-zag encoding. Invokes the provided function to produce final result.
+ *
+ * @param {number} bitsLow
+ * @param {number} bitsHigh
+ * @param {function(number, number): T} convert Conversion function to produce
+ *     the result value, takes parameters (lowBits, highBits).
+ * @return {T}
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.utils.toZigzag64 = function(bitsLow, bitsHigh, convert) {
+  // See
+  // https://engdoc.corp.google.com/eng/howto/protocolbuffers/developerguide/encoding.shtml?cl=head#types
+  // 64-bit math is: (n << 1) ^ (n >> 63)
+  //
+  // To do this in 32 bits, we can get a 32-bit sign-flipping mask from the
+  // high word.
+  // Then we can operate on each word individually, with the addition of the
+  // "carry" to get the most significant bit from the low word into the high
+  // word.
+  var signFlipMask = bitsHigh >> 31;
+  bitsHigh = (bitsHigh << 1 | bitsLow >>> 31) ^ signFlipMask;
+  bitsLow = (bitsLow << 1) ^ signFlipMask;
+  return convert(bitsLow, bitsHigh);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Joins two 32-bit values into a 64-bit unsigned integer and applies zigzag
+ * decoding. Precision will be lost if the result is greater than 2^52.
+ * @param {number} bitsLow
+ * @param {number} bitsHigh
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+jspb.utils.joinZigzag64 = function(bitsLow, bitsHigh) {
+  return jspb.utils.fromZigzag64(bitsLow, bitsHigh, jspb.utils.joinInt64);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts split 64-bit values from zigzag encoding to standard two's
+ * complement encoding. Invokes the provided function to produce final result.
+ *
+ * @param {number} bitsLow
+ * @param {number} bitsHigh
+ * @param {function(number, number): T} convert Conversion function to produce
+ *     the result value, takes parameters (lowBits, highBits).
+ * @return {T}
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.utils.fromZigzag64 = function(bitsLow, bitsHigh, convert) {
+  // 64 bit math is:
+  //   signmask = (zigzag & 1) ? -1 : 0;
+  //   twosComplement = (zigzag >> 1) ^ signmask;
+  //
+  // To work with 32 bit, we can operate on both but "carry" the lowest bit
+  // from the high word by shifting it up 31 bits to be the most significant bit
+  // of the low word.
+  var signFlipMask = -(bitsLow & 1);
+  bitsLow = ((bitsLow >>> 1) | (bitsHigh << 31)) ^ signFlipMask;
+  bitsHigh = (bitsHigh >>> 1) ^ signFlipMask;
+  return convert(bitsLow, bitsHigh);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Joins two 32-bit values into a 32-bit IEEE floating point number and
+ * converts it back into a Javascript number.
+ * @param {number} bitsLow The low 32 bits of the binary number;
+ * @param {number} bitsHigh The high 32 bits of the binary number.
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+jspb.utils.joinFloat32 = function(bitsLow, bitsHigh) {
+  var sign = ((bitsLow >> 31) * 2 + 1);
+  var exp = (bitsLow >>> 23) & 0xFF;
+  var mant = bitsLow & 0x7FFFFF;
+
+  if (exp == 0xFF) {
+    if (mant) {
+      return NaN;
+    } else {
+      return sign * Infinity;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (exp == 0) {
+    // Denormal.
+    return sign * Math.pow(2, -149) * mant;
+  } else {
+    return sign * Math.pow(2, exp - 150) *
+           (mant + Math.pow(2, 23));
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Joins two 32-bit values into a 64-bit IEEE floating point number and
+ * converts it back into a Javascript number.
+ * @param {number} bitsLow The low 32 bits of the binary number;
+ * @param {number} bitsHigh The high 32 bits of the binary number.
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+jspb.utils.joinFloat64 = function(bitsLow, bitsHigh) {
+  var sign = ((bitsHigh >> 31) * 2 + 1);
+  var exp = (bitsHigh >>> 20) & 0x7FF;
+  var mant = jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32 * (bitsHigh & 0xFFFFF) + bitsLow;
+
+  if (exp == 0x7FF) {
+    if (mant) {
+      return NaN;
+    } else {
+      return sign * Infinity;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (exp == 0) {
+    // Denormal.
+    return sign * Math.pow(2, -1074) * mant;
+  } else {
+    return sign * Math.pow(2, exp - 1075) *
+           (mant + jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_52);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Joins two 32-bit values into an 8-character hash string.
+ * @param {number} bitsLow
+ * @param {number} bitsHigh
+ * @return {string}
+ */
+jspb.utils.joinHash64 = function(bitsLow, bitsHigh) {
+  var a = (bitsLow >>> 0) & 0xFF;
+  var b = (bitsLow >>> 8) & 0xFF;
+  var c = (bitsLow >>> 16) & 0xFF;
+  var d = (bitsLow >>> 24) & 0xFF;
+  var e = (bitsHigh >>> 0) & 0xFF;
+  var f = (bitsHigh >>> 8) & 0xFF;
+  var g = (bitsHigh >>> 16) & 0xFF;
+  var h = (bitsHigh >>> 24) & 0xFF;
+
+  return String.fromCharCode(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Individual digits for number->string conversion.
+ * @const {!Array<string>}
+ */
+jspb.utils.DIGITS = [
+  '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
+  '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'
+];
+
+/** @const @private {number} '0' */
+jspb.utils.ZERO_CHAR_CODE_ = 48;
+
+/** @const @private {number} 'a' */
+jspb.utils.A_CHAR_CODE_ = 97;
+
+/**
+ * Losslessly converts a 64-bit unsigned integer in 32:32 split representation
+ * into a decimal string.
+ * @param {number} bitsLow The low 32 bits of the binary number;
+ * @param {number} bitsHigh The high 32 bits of the binary number.
+ * @return {string} The binary number represented as a string.
+ */
+jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString = function(bitsLow, bitsHigh) {
+  // Skip the expensive conversion if the number is small enough to use the
+  // built-in conversions.
+  if (bitsHigh <= 0x1FFFFF) {
+    return '' + (jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32 * bitsHigh + bitsLow);
+  }
+
+  // What this code is doing is essentially converting the input number from
+  // base-2 to base-1e7, which allows us to represent the 64-bit range with
+  // only 3 (very large) digits. Those digits are then trivial to convert to
+  // a base-10 string.
+
+  // The magic numbers used here are -
+  // 2^24 = 16777216 = (1,6777216) in base-1e7.
+  // 2^48 = 281474976710656 = (2,8147497,6710656) in base-1e7.
+
+  // Split 32:32 representation into 16:24:24 representation so our
+  // intermediate digits don't overflow.
+  var low = bitsLow & 0xFFFFFF;
+  var mid = (((bitsLow >>> 24) | (bitsHigh << 8)) >>> 0) & 0xFFFFFF;
+  var high = (bitsHigh >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
+
+  // Assemble our three base-1e7 digits, ignoring carries. The maximum
+  // value in a digit at this step is representable as a 48-bit integer, which
+  // can be stored in a 64-bit floating point number.
+  var digitA = low + (mid * 6777216) + (high * 6710656);
+  var digitB = mid + (high * 8147497);
+  var digitC = (high * 2);
+
+  // Apply carries from A to B and from B to C.
+  var base = 10000000;
+  if (digitA >= base) {
+    digitB += Math.floor(digitA / base);
+    digitA %= base;
+  }
+
+  if (digitB >= base) {
+    digitC += Math.floor(digitB / base);
+    digitB %= base;
+  }
+
+  // Convert base-1e7 digits to base-10, with optional leading zeroes.
+  function decimalFrom1e7(digit1e7, needLeadingZeros) {
+    var partial = digit1e7 ? String(digit1e7) : '';
+    if (needLeadingZeros) {
+      return '0000000'.slice(partial.length) + partial;
+    }
+    return partial;
+  }
+
+  return decimalFrom1e7(digitC, /*needLeadingZeros=*/ 0) +
+      decimalFrom1e7(digitB, /*needLeadingZeros=*/ digitC) +
+      // If the final 1e7 digit didn't need leading zeros, we would have
+      // returned via the trivial code path at the top.
+      decimalFrom1e7(digitA, /*needLeadingZeros=*/ 1);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Losslessly converts a 64-bit signed integer in 32:32 split representation
+ * into a decimal string.
+ * @param {number} bitsLow The low 32 bits of the binary number;
+ * @param {number} bitsHigh The high 32 bits of the binary number.
+ * @return {string} The binary number represented as a string.
+ */
+jspb.utils.joinSignedDecimalString = function(bitsLow, bitsHigh) {
+  // If we're treating the input as a signed value and the high bit is set, do
+  // a manual two's complement conversion before the decimal conversion.
+  var negative = (bitsHigh & 0x80000000);
+  if (negative) {
+    bitsLow = (~bitsLow + 1) >>> 0;
+    var carry = (bitsLow == 0) ? 1 : 0;
+    bitsHigh = (~bitsHigh + carry) >>> 0;
+  }
+
+  var result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(bitsLow, bitsHigh);
+  return negative ? '-' + result : result;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Convert an 8-character hash string representing either a signed or unsigned
+ * 64-bit integer into its decimal representation without losing accuracy.
+ * @param {string} hash The hash string to convert.
+ * @param {boolean} signed True if we should treat the hash string as encoding
+ *     a signed integer.
+ * @return {string}
+ */
+jspb.utils.hash64ToDecimalString = function(hash, signed) {
+  jspb.utils.splitHash64(hash);
+  var bitsLow = jspb.utils.split64Low;
+  var bitsHigh = jspb.utils.split64High;
+  return signed ?
+      jspb.utils.joinSignedDecimalString(bitsLow, bitsHigh) :
+      jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(bitsLow, bitsHigh);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts an array of 8-character hash strings into their decimal
+ * representations.
+ * @param {!Array<string>} hashes The array of hash strings to convert.
+ * @param {boolean} signed True if we should treat the hash string as encoding
+ *     a signed integer.
+ * @return {!Array<string>}
+ */
+jspb.utils.hash64ArrayToDecimalStrings = function(hashes, signed) {
+  var result = new Array(hashes.length);
+  for (var i = 0; i < hashes.length; i++) {
+    result[i] = jspb.utils.hash64ToDecimalString(hashes[i], signed);
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts a signed or unsigned decimal string into its hash string
+ * representation.
+ * @param {string} dec
+ * @return {string}
+ */
+jspb.utils.decimalStringToHash64 = function(dec) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(dec.length > 0);
+
+  // Check for minus sign.
+  var minus = false;
+  if (dec[0] === '-') {
+    minus = true;
+    dec = dec.slice(1);
+  }
+
+  // Store result as a byte array.
+  var resultBytes = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
+
+  // Set result to m*result + c.
+  function muladd(m, c) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < 8 && (m !== 1 || c > 0); i++) {
+      var r = m * resultBytes[i] + c;
+      resultBytes[i] = r & 0xFF;
+      c = r >>> 8;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Negate the result bits.
+  function neg() {
+    for (var i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+      resultBytes[i] = (~resultBytes[i]) & 0xFF;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // For each decimal digit, set result to 10*result + digit.
+  for (var i = 0; i < dec.length; i++) {
+    muladd(10, dec.charCodeAt(i) - jspb.utils.ZERO_CHAR_CODE_);
+  }
+
+  // If there's a minus sign, convert into two's complement.
+  if (minus) {
+    neg();
+    muladd(1, 1);
+  }
+
+  return goog.crypt.byteArrayToString(resultBytes);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts a signed or unsigned decimal string into two 32-bit halves, and
+ * stores them in the temp variables listed above.
+ * @param {string} value The decimal string to convert.
+ */
+jspb.utils.splitDecimalString = function(value) {
+  jspb.utils.splitHash64(jspb.utils.decimalStringToHash64(value));
+};
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} nibble A 4-bit integer.
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.utils.toHexDigit_ = function(nibble) {
+  return String.fromCharCode(
+      nibble < 10 ? jspb.utils.ZERO_CHAR_CODE_ + nibble :
+                    jspb.utils.A_CHAR_CODE_ - 10 + nibble);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} hexCharCode
+ * @return {number}
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.utils.fromHexCharCode_ = function(hexCharCode) {
+  if (hexCharCode >= jspb.utils.A_CHAR_CODE_) {
+    return hexCharCode - jspb.utils.A_CHAR_CODE_ + 10;
+  }
+  return hexCharCode - jspb.utils.ZERO_CHAR_CODE_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Converts an 8-character hash string into its hexadecimal representation.
+ * @param {string} hash
+ * @return {string}
+ */
+jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString = function(hash) {
+  var temp = new Array(18);
+  temp[0] = '0';
+  temp[1] = 'x';
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+    var c = hash.charCodeAt(7 - i);
+    temp[i * 2 + 2] = jspb.utils.toHexDigit_(c >> 4);
+    temp[i * 2 + 3] = jspb.utils.toHexDigit_(c & 0xF);
+  }
+
+  var result = temp.join('');
+  return result;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts a '0x<16 digits>' hex string into its hash string representation.
+ * @param {string} hex
+ * @return {string}
+ */
+jspb.utils.hexStringToHash64 = function(hex) {
+  hex = hex.toLowerCase();
+  goog.asserts.assert(hex.length == 18);
+  goog.asserts.assert(hex[0] == '0');
+  goog.asserts.assert(hex[1] == 'x');
+
+  var result = '';
+  for (var i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+    var hi = jspb.utils.fromHexCharCode_(hex.charCodeAt(i * 2 + 2));
+    var lo = jspb.utils.fromHexCharCode_(hex.charCodeAt(i * 2 + 3));
+    result = String.fromCharCode(hi * 16 + lo) + result;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Convert an 8-character hash string representing either a signed or unsigned
+ * 64-bit integer into a Javascript number. Will lose accuracy if the result is
+ * larger than 2^52.
+ * @param {string} hash The hash string to convert.
+ * @param {boolean} signed True if the has should be interpreted as a signed
+ *     number.
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+jspb.utils.hash64ToNumber = function(hash, signed) {
+  jspb.utils.splitHash64(hash);
+  var bitsLow = jspb.utils.split64Low;
+  var bitsHigh = jspb.utils.split64High;
+  return signed ? jspb.utils.joinInt64(bitsLow, bitsHigh) :
+                  jspb.utils.joinUint64(bitsLow, bitsHigh);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Convert a Javascript number into an 8-character hash string. Will lose
+ * precision if the value is non-integral or greater than 2^64.
+ * @param {number} value The integer to convert.
+ * @return {string}
+ */
+jspb.utils.numberToHash64 = function(value) {
+  jspb.utils.splitInt64(value);
+  return jspb.utils.joinHash64(jspb.utils.split64Low,
+                                  jspb.utils.split64High);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Counts the number of contiguous varints in a buffer.
+ * @param {!Uint8Array} buffer The buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} start The starting point in the buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} end The end point in the buffer to scan.
+ * @return {number} The number of varints in the buffer.
+ */
+jspb.utils.countVarints = function(buffer, start, end) {
+  // Count how many high bits of each byte were set in the buffer.
+  var count = 0;
+  for (var i = start; i < end; i++) {
+    count += buffer[i] >> 7;
+  }
+
+  // The number of varints in the buffer equals the size of the buffer minus
+  // the number of non-terminal bytes in the buffer (those with the high bit
+  // set).
+  return (end - start) - count;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Counts the number of contiguous varint fields with the given field number in
+ * the buffer.
+ * @param {!Uint8Array} buffer The buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} start The starting point in the buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} end The end point in the buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} field The field number to count.
+ * @return {number} The number of matching fields in the buffer.
+ */
+jspb.utils.countVarintFields = function(buffer, start, end, field) {
+  var count = 0;
+  var cursor = start;
+  var tag = field * 8 + jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT;
+
+  if (tag < 128) {
+    // Single-byte field tag, we can use a slightly quicker count.
+    while (cursor < end) {
+      // Skip the field tag, or exit if we find a non-matching tag.
+      if (buffer[cursor++] != tag) return count;
+
+      // Field tag matches, we've found a valid field.
+      count++;
+
+      // Skip the varint.
+      while (1) {
+        var x = buffer[cursor++];
+        if ((x & 0x80) == 0) break;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    while (cursor < end) {
+      // Skip the field tag, or exit if we find a non-matching tag.
+      var temp = tag;
+      while (temp > 128) {
+        if (buffer[cursor] != ((temp & 0x7F) | 0x80)) return count;
+        cursor++;
+        temp >>= 7;
+      }
+      if (buffer[cursor++] != temp) return count;
+
+      // Field tag matches, we've found a valid field.
+      count++;
+
+      // Skip the varint.
+      while (1) {
+        var x = buffer[cursor++];
+        if ((x & 0x80) == 0) break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return count;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Counts the number of contiguous fixed32 fields with the given tag in the
+ * buffer.
+ * @param {!Uint8Array} buffer The buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} start The starting point in the buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} end The end point in the buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} tag The tag value to count.
+ * @param {number} stride The number of bytes to skip per field.
+ * @return {number} The number of fields with a matching tag in the buffer.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.utils.countFixedFields_ =
+    function(buffer, start, end, tag, stride) {
+  var count = 0;
+  var cursor = start;
+
+  if (tag < 128) {
+    // Single-byte field tag, we can use a slightly quicker count.
+    while (cursor < end) {
+      // Skip the field tag, or exit if we find a non-matching tag.
+      if (buffer[cursor++] != tag) return count;
+
+      // Field tag matches, we've found a valid field.
+      count++;
+
+      // Skip the value.
+      cursor += stride;
+    }
+  } else {
+    while (cursor < end) {
+      // Skip the field tag, or exit if we find a non-matching tag.
+      var temp = tag;
+      while (temp > 128) {
+        if (buffer[cursor++] != ((temp & 0x7F) | 0x80)) return count;
+        temp >>= 7;
+      }
+      if (buffer[cursor++] != temp) return count;
+
+      // Field tag matches, we've found a valid field.
+      count++;
+
+      // Skip the value.
+      cursor += stride;
+    }
+  }
+  return count;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Counts the number of contiguous fixed32 fields with the given field number
+ * in the buffer.
+ * @param {!Uint8Array} buffer The buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} start The starting point in the buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} end The end point in the buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} field The field number to count.
+ * @return {number} The number of matching fields in the buffer.
+ */
+jspb.utils.countFixed32Fields = function(buffer, start, end, field) {
+  var tag = field * 8 + jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED32;
+  return jspb.utils.countFixedFields_(buffer, start, end, tag, 4);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Counts the number of contiguous fixed64 fields with the given field number
+ * in the buffer.
+ * @param {!Uint8Array} buffer The buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} start The starting point in the buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} end The end point in the buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} field The field number to count
+ * @return {number} The number of matching fields in the buffer.
+ */
+jspb.utils.countFixed64Fields = function(buffer, start, end, field) {
+  var tag = field * 8 + jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64;
+  return jspb.utils.countFixedFields_(buffer, start, end, tag, 8);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Counts the number of contiguous delimited fields with the given field number
+ * in the buffer.
+ * @param {!Uint8Array} buffer The buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} start The starting point in the buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} end The end point in the buffer to scan.
+ * @param {number} field The field number to count.
+ * @return {number} The number of matching fields in the buffer.
+ */
+jspb.utils.countDelimitedFields = function(buffer, start, end, field) {
+  var count = 0;
+  var cursor = start;
+  var tag = field * 8 + jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED;
+
+  while (cursor < end) {
+    // Skip the field tag, or exit if we find a non-matching tag.
+    var temp = tag;
+    while (temp > 128) {
+      if (buffer[cursor++] != ((temp & 0x7F) | 0x80)) return count;
+      temp >>= 7;
+    }
+    if (buffer[cursor++] != temp) return count;
+
+    // Field tag matches, we've found a valid field.
+    count++;
+
+    // Decode the length prefix.
+    var length = 0;
+    var shift = 1;
+    while (1) {
+      temp = buffer[cursor++];
+      length += (temp & 0x7f) * shift;
+      shift *= 128;
+      if ((temp & 0x80) == 0) break;
+    }
+
+    // Advance the cursor past the blob.
+    cursor += length;
+  }
+  return count;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * String-ify bytes for text format. Should be optimized away in non-debug.
+ * The returned string uses \xXX escapes for all values and is itself quoted.
+ * [1, 31] serializes to '"\x01\x1f"'.
+ * @param {jspb.ByteSource} byteSource The bytes to serialize.
+ * @return {string} Stringified bytes for text format.
+ */
+jspb.utils.debugBytesToTextFormat = function(byteSource) {
+  var s = '"';
+  if (byteSource) {
+    var bytes = jspb.utils.byteSourceToUint8Array(byteSource);
+    for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+      s += '\\x';
+      if (bytes[i] < 16) s += '0';
+      s += bytes[i].toString(16);
+    }
+  }
+  return s + '"';
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * String-ify a scalar for text format. Should be optimized away in non-debug.
+ * @param {string|number|boolean} scalar The scalar to stringify.
+ * @return {string} Stringified scalar for text format.
+ */
+jspb.utils.debugScalarToTextFormat = function(scalar) {
+  if (typeof scalar === 'string') {
+    return goog.string.quote(scalar);
+  } else {
+    return scalar.toString();
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Utility function: convert a string with codepoints 0--255 inclusive to a
+ * Uint8Array. If any codepoints greater than 255 exist in the string, throws an
+ * exception.
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @return {!Uint8Array}
+ */
+jspb.utils.stringToByteArray = function(str) {
+  var arr = new Uint8Array(str.length);
+  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+    var codepoint = str.charCodeAt(i);
+    if (codepoint > 255) {
+      throw new Error('Conversion error: string contains codepoint ' +
+                      'outside of byte range');
+    }
+    arr[i] = codepoint;
+  }
+  return arr;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts any type defined in jspb.ByteSource into a Uint8Array.
+ * @param {!jspb.ByteSource} data
+ * @return {!Uint8Array}
+ * @suppress {invalidCasts}
+ */
+jspb.utils.byteSourceToUint8Array = function(data) {
+  if (data.constructor === Uint8Array) {
+    return /** @type {!Uint8Array} */(data);
+  }
+
+  if (data.constructor === ArrayBuffer) {
+    data = /** @type {!ArrayBuffer} */(data);
+    return /** @type {!Uint8Array} */(new Uint8Array(data));
+  }
+
+  if (typeof Buffer != 'undefined' && data.constructor === Buffer) {
+    return /** @type {!Uint8Array} */ (
+        new Uint8Array(/** @type {?} */ (data)));
+  }
+
+  if (data.constructor === Array) {
+    data = /** @type {!Array<number>} */(data);
+    return /** @type {!Uint8Array} */(new Uint8Array(data));
+  }
+
+  if (data.constructor === String) {
+    data = /** @type {string} */(data);
+    return goog.crypt.base64.decodeStringToUint8Array(data);
+  }
+
+  goog.asserts.fail('Type not convertible to Uint8Array.');
+  return /** @type {!Uint8Array} */(new Uint8Array(0));
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/utils_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/utils_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e953ace9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/utils_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,739 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for jspb's helper functions.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.crypt');
+goog.require('goog.crypt.base64');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+goog.require('jspb.utils');
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} x
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+function truncate(x) {
+  var temp = new Float32Array(1);
+  temp[0] = x;
+  return temp[0];
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts an 64-bit integer in split representation to a 64-bit hash string
+ * (8 bits encoded per character).
+ * @param {number} bitsLow The low 32 bits of the split 64-bit integer.
+ * @param {number} bitsHigh The high 32 bits of the split 64-bit integer.
+ * @return {string} The encoded hash string, 8 bits per character.
+ */
+function toHashString(bitsLow, bitsHigh) {
+  return String.fromCharCode((bitsLow >>> 0) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsLow >>> 8) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsLow >>> 16) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsLow >>> 24) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsHigh >>> 0) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsHigh >>> 8) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsHigh >>> 16) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsHigh >>> 24) & 0xFF);
+}
+
+
+describe('binaryUtilsTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests lossless binary-to-decimal conversion.
+   */
+  it('testDecimalConversion', function() {
+    // Check some magic numbers.
+    var result =
+        jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x89e80001, 0x8ac72304);
+    expect(result).toEqual('10000000000000000001');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0xacd05f15, 0x1b69b4b);
+    expect(result).toEqual('123456789123456789');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0xeb1f0ad2, 0xab54a98c);
+    expect(result).toEqual('12345678901234567890');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0xe3b70cb1, 0x891087b8);
+    expect(result).toEqual('9876543210987654321');
+
+    // Check limits.
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00000000);
+    expect(result).toEqual('0');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    expect(result).toEqual('18446744073709551615');
+
+    // Check each bit of the low dword.
+    for (var i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+      var low = (1 << i) >>> 0;
+      result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(low, 0);
+      expect(result).toEqual('' + Math.pow(2, i));
+    }
+
+    // Check the first 20 bits of the high dword.
+    for (var i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+      var high = (1 << i) >>> 0;
+      result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0, high);
+      expect(result).toEqual('' + Math.pow(2, 32 + i));
+    }
+
+    // V8's internal double-to-string conversion is inaccurate for values above
+    // 2^52, even if they're representable integers - check the rest of the bits
+    // manually against the correct string representations of 2^N.
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00100000);
+    expect(result).toEqual('4503599627370496');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00200000);
+    expect(result).toEqual('9007199254740992');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00400000);
+    expect(result).toEqual('18014398509481984');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00800000);
+    expect(result).toEqual('36028797018963968');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x01000000);
+    expect(result).toEqual('72057594037927936');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x02000000);
+    expect(result).toEqual('144115188075855872');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x04000000);
+    expect(result).toEqual('288230376151711744');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x08000000);
+    expect(result).toEqual('576460752303423488');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x10000000);
+    expect(result).toEqual('1152921504606846976');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x20000000);
+    expect(result).toEqual('2305843009213693952');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x40000000);
+    expect(result).toEqual('4611686018427387904');
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x80000000);
+    expect(result).toEqual('9223372036854775808');
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Going from hash strings to decimal strings should also be lossless.
+   */
+  it('testHashToDecimalConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.hash64ToDecimalString;
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x00000000), false);
+    expect(result).toEqual('0');
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x00000000), true);
+    expect(result).toEqual('0');
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF), false);
+    expect(result).toEqual('18446744073709551615');
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF), true);
+    expect(result).toEqual('-1');
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x80000000), false);
+    expect(result).toEqual('9223372036854775808');
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x80000000), true);
+    expect(result).toEqual('-9223372036854775808');
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0xacd05f15, 0x01b69b4b), false);
+    expect(result).toEqual('123456789123456789');
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(~0xacd05f15 + 1, ~0x01b69b4b), true);
+    expect(result).toEqual('-123456789123456789');
+
+    // And converting arrays of hashes should work the same way.
+    result = jspb.utils.hash64ArrayToDecimalStrings([
+      toHashString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF),
+      toHashString(0x00000000, 0x80000000),
+      toHashString(0xacd05f15, 0x01b69b4b)], false);
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(3);
+    expect(result[0]).toEqual('18446744073709551615');
+    expect(result[1]).toEqual('9223372036854775808');
+    expect(result[2]).toEqual('123456789123456789');
+  });
+
+  /*
+   * Going from decimal strings to hash strings should be lossless.
+   */
+  it('testDecimalToHashConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.decimalStringToHash64;
+
+    result = convert('0');
+    expect(result).toEqual(goog.crypt.byteArrayToString(
+        [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]));
+
+    result = convert('-1');
+    expect(result).toEqual(goog.crypt.byteArrayToString(
+        [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF]));
+
+    result = convert('18446744073709551615');
+    expect(result).toEqual(goog.crypt.byteArrayToString(
+        [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF]));
+
+    result = convert('9223372036854775808');
+    expect(result).toEqual(goog.crypt.byteArrayToString(
+        [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80]));
+
+    result = convert('-9223372036854775808');
+    expect(result).toEqual(goog.crypt.byteArrayToString(
+        [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80]));
+
+    result = convert('123456789123456789');
+    expect(result).toEqual(goog.crypt.byteArrayToString(
+        [0x15, 0x5F, 0xD0, 0xAC, 0x4B, 0x9B, 0xB6, 0x01]));
+
+    result = convert('-123456789123456789');
+    expect(result).toEqual(goog.crypt.byteArrayToString(
+        [0xEB, 0xA0, 0x2F, 0x53, 0xB4, 0x64, 0x49, 0xFE]));
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Going from hash strings to hex strings should be lossless.
+   */
+  it('testHashToHexConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString;
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x00000000));
+    expect(result).toEqual('0x0000000000000000');
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF));
+    expect(result).toEqual('0xffffffffffffffff');
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0));
+    expect(result).toEqual('0x9abcdef012345678');
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Going from hex strings to hash strings should be lossless.
+   */
+  it('testHexToHashConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.hexStringToHash64;
+
+    result = convert('0x0000000000000000');
+    expect(result).toEqual(goog.crypt.byteArrayToString(
+        [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]));
+
+    result = convert('0xffffffffffffffff');
+    expect(result).toEqual(goog.crypt.byteArrayToString(
+        [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF]));
+
+    // Hex string is big-endian, hash string is little-endian.
+    result = convert('0x123456789ABCDEF0');
+    expect(result).toEqual(goog.crypt.byteArrayToString(
+        [0xF0, 0xDE, 0xBC, 0x9A, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12]));
+
+    // Capitalization should not matter.
+    result = convert('0x0000abcdefABCDEF');
+    expect(result).toEqual(goog.crypt.byteArrayToString(
+        [0xEF, 0xCD, 0xAB, 0xEF, 0xCD, 0xAB, 0x00, 0x00]));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Going from numbers to hash strings should be lossless for up to 53 bits of
+   * precision.
+   */
+  it('testNumberToHashConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.numberToHash64;
+
+    result = convert(0x0000000000000);
+    expect(jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result)).toEqual('0x0000000000000000');
+
+    result = convert(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
+    expect(jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result)).toEqual('0x000fffffffffffff');
+
+    result = convert(0x123456789ABCD);
+    expect(jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result)).toEqual('0x000123456789abcd');
+
+    result = convert(0xDCBA987654321);
+    expect(jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result)).toEqual('0x000dcba987654321');
+
+    // 53 bits of precision should not be truncated.
+    result = convert(0x10000000000001);
+    expect(jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result)).toEqual('0x0010000000000001');
+
+    // 54 bits of precision should be truncated.
+    result = convert(0x20000000000001);
+    expect(jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result))
+        .not.toEqual('0x0020000000000001');
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Sanity check the behavior of Javascript's strings when doing funny things
+   * with unicode characters.
+   */
+  it('sanityCheckUnicodeStrings', function() {
+    var strings = new Array(65536);
+
+    // All possible unsigned 16-bit values should be storable in a string, they
+    // shouldn't do weird things with the length of the string, and they should
+    // come back out of the string unchanged.
+    for (var i = 0; i < 65536; i++) {
+      strings[i] = 'a' + String.fromCharCode(i) + 'a';
+      expect(strings[i].length).toEqual(3);
+      expect(strings[i].charCodeAt(1)).toEqual(i);
+    }
+
+    // Each unicode character should compare equal to itself and not equal to a
+    // different unicode character.
+    for (var i = 0; i < 65536; i++) {
+      expect(strings[i] == strings[i]).toEqual(true);
+      expect(strings[i] == strings[(i + 1) % 65536]).toEqual(false);
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests conversion from 32-bit floating point numbers to split64 numbers.
+   */
+  it('testFloat32ToSplit64', function() {
+    var f32_eps = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_EPS;
+    var f32_min = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MIN;
+    var f32_max = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX;
+    var f32_max_safe_int = jspb.utils.joinFloat32(0x4b7fffff, 0);
+    var f32_pi = Math.fround(Math.PI);
+
+    // NaN.
+    jspb.utils.splitFloat32(NaN);
+    expect(isNaN(jspb.utils.joinFloat32(
+               jspb.utils.split64Low, jspb.utils.split64High)))
+        .toEqual(true);
+
+    /**
+     * @param {number} x
+     * @param {number=} opt_bits
+     */
+    function test(x, opt_bits) {
+      jspb.utils.splitFloat32(x);
+      if (opt_bits !== undefined) {
+        if (opt_bits != jspb.utils.split64Low) throw 'fail!';
+      }
+      expect(truncate(x))
+          .toEqual(jspb.utils.joinFloat32(
+              jspb.utils.split64Low, jspb.utils.split64High));
+    }
+
+    // Positive and negative infinity.
+    test(Infinity, 0x7f800000);
+    test(-Infinity, 0xff800000);
+
+    // Positive and negative zero.
+    test(0, 0x00000000);
+    test(-0, 0x80000000);
+
+    // Positive and negative epsilon.
+    test(f32_eps, 0x00000001);
+    test(-f32_eps, 0x80000001);
+
+    // Positive and negative min.
+    test(f32_min, 0x00800000);
+    test(-f32_min, 0x80800000);
+
+    // Positive and negative max.
+    test(f32_max, 0x7F7FFFFF);
+    test(-f32_max, 0xFF7FFFFF);
+
+    // Positive and negative max_safe_int.
+    test(f32_max_safe_int, 0x4B7FFFFF);
+    test(-f32_max_safe_int, 0xCB7FFFFF);
+
+    // Pi.
+    test(f32_pi, 0x40490fdb);
+
+    // Various positive values.
+    var cursor = f32_eps * 10;
+    while (cursor != Infinity) {
+      test(cursor);
+      cursor *= 1.1;
+    }
+
+    // Various negative values.
+    cursor = -f32_eps * 10;
+    while (cursor != -Infinity) {
+      test(cursor);
+      cursor *= 1.1;
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests conversion from 64-bit floating point numbers to split64 numbers.
+   */
+  it('testFloat64ToSplit64', function() {
+    var f64_eps = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_EPS;
+    var f64_min = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MIN;
+    var f64_max = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MAX;
+
+    // NaN.
+    jspb.utils.splitFloat64(NaN);
+    expect(isNaN(jspb.utils.joinFloat64(
+               jspb.utils.split64Low, jspb.utils.split64High)))
+        .toEqual(true);
+
+    /**
+     * @param {number} x
+     * @param {number=} opt_highBits
+     * @param {number=} opt_lowBits
+     */
+    function test(x, opt_highBits, opt_lowBits) {
+      jspb.utils.splitFloat64(x);
+      if (opt_highBits !== undefined) {
+        var split64High = jspb.utils.split64High;
+        expect(opt_highBits.toString(16)).toEqual(split64High.toString(16));
+      }
+      if (opt_lowBits !== undefined) {
+        var split64Low = jspb.utils.split64Low;
+        expect(opt_lowBits.toString(16)).toEqual(split64Low.toString(16));
+      }
+      expect(
+          jspb.utils.joinFloat64(jspb.utils.split64Low, jspb.utils.split64High))
+          .toEqual(x);
+    }
+
+    // Positive and negative infinity.
+    test(Infinity, 0x7ff00000, 0x00000000);
+    test(-Infinity, 0xfff00000, 0x00000000);
+
+    // Positive and negative zero.
+    test(0, 0x00000000, 0x00000000);
+    test(-0, 0x80000000, 0x00000000);
+
+    test(1, 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000);
+    test(2, 0x40000000, 0x00000000);
+
+    // Positive and negative epsilon.
+    test(f64_eps, 0x00000000, 0x00000001);
+    test(-f64_eps, 0x80000000, 0x00000001);
+
+    // Positive and negative min.
+    test(f64_min, 0x00100000, 0x00000000);
+    test(-f64_min, 0x80100000, 0x00000000);
+
+    // Positive and negative max.
+    test(f64_max, 0x7FEFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    test(-f64_max, 0xFFEFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+
+    test(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER, 0x433FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    test(Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER, 0xC33FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+
+    // Test various edge cases with mantissa of all 1, all 0, or just the
+    // highest or lowest significant bit.
+    test(4503599627370497, 0x43300000, 0x00000001);
+    test(6755399441055744, 0x43380000, 0x00000000);
+    test(1.348269851146737e+308, 0x7FE80000, 0x00000000);
+    test(1.9999999999999998, 0x3FFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    test(2.225073858507201e-308, 0x000FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    test(Math.PI, 0x400921fb, 0x54442d18);
+    test(jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MIN, 0x38100000, 0x00000000);
+
+    // Various positive values.
+    var cursor = f64_eps * 10;
+    while (cursor != Infinity) {
+      test(cursor);
+      cursor *= 1.1;
+    }
+
+    // Various negative values.
+    cursor = -f64_eps * 10;
+    while (cursor != -Infinity) {
+      test(cursor);
+      cursor *= 1.1;
+    }
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Tests zigzag conversions.
+   */
+  it('can encode and decode zigzag 64', function() {
+    function stringToHiLoPair(str) {
+      jspb.utils.splitDecimalString(str);
+      return {
+        lo: jspb.utils.split64Low >>> 0,
+        hi: jspb.utils.split64High >>> 0
+      };
+    }
+    function makeHiLoPair(lo, hi) {
+      return {lo: lo >>> 0, hi: hi >>> 0};
+    }
+    // Test cases direcly from the protobuf dev guide.
+    // https://engdoc.corp.google.com/eng/howto/protocolbuffers/developerguide/encoding.shtml?cl=head#types
+    var testCases = [
+      {original: stringToHiLoPair('0'), zigzag: stringToHiLoPair('0')},
+      {original: stringToHiLoPair('-1'), zigzag: stringToHiLoPair('1')},
+      {original: stringToHiLoPair('1'), zigzag: stringToHiLoPair('2')},
+      {original: stringToHiLoPair('-2'), zigzag: stringToHiLoPair('3')},
+      {
+        original: stringToHiLoPair('2147483647'),
+        zigzag: stringToHiLoPair('4294967294')
+      },
+      {
+        original: stringToHiLoPair('-2147483648'),
+        zigzag: stringToHiLoPair('4294967295')
+      },
+      // 64-bit extremes
+      {
+        original: stringToHiLoPair('9223372036854775807'),
+        zigzag: stringToHiLoPair('18446744073709551614')
+      },
+      {
+        original: stringToHiLoPair('-9223372036854775808'),
+        zigzag: stringToHiLoPair('18446744073709551615')
+      },
+    ];
+    for (const c of testCases) {
+      expect(jspb.utils.toZigzag64(c.original.lo, c.original.hi, makeHiLoPair))
+          .toEqual(c.zigzag);
+      expect(jspb.utils.fromZigzag64(c.zigzag.lo, c.zigzag.hi, makeHiLoPair))
+          .toEqual(c.original);
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting packed varints.
+   */
+  it('testCountVarints', function() {
+    var values = [];
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      values.push(Math.floor(i));
+    }
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    writer.writePackedUint64(1, values);
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    // We should have two more varints than we started with - one for the field
+    // tag, one for the packed length.
+    expect(jspb.utils.countVarints(buffer, 0, buffer.length))
+        .toEqual(values.length + 2);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting matching varint fields.
+   */
+  it('testCountVarintFields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeUint64(1, Math.floor(i));
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    expect(jspb.utils.countVarintFields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 1))
+        .toEqual(count);
+
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeUint64(123456789, Math.floor(i));
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    expect(jspb.utils.countVarintFields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 123456789))
+        .toEqual(count);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting matching fixed32 fields.
+   */
+  it('testCountFixed32Fields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeFixed32(1, Math.floor(i));
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    expect(jspb.utils.countFixed32Fields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 1))
+        .toEqual(count);
+
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeFixed32(123456789, Math.floor(i));
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    expect(jspb.utils.countFixed32Fields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 123456789))
+        .toEqual(count);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting matching fixed64 fields.
+   */
+  it('testCountFixed64Fields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeDouble(1, i);
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    expect(jspb.utils.countFixed64Fields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 1))
+        .toEqual(count);
+
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeDouble(123456789, i);
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    expect(jspb.utils.countFixed64Fields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 123456789))
+        .toEqual(count);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting matching delimited fields.
+   */
+  it('testCountDelimitedFields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeBytes(1, [Math.floor(i)]);
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    expect(jspb.utils.countDelimitedFields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 1))
+        .toEqual(count);
+
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeBytes(123456789, [Math.floor(i)]);
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    expect(jspb.utils.countDelimitedFields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 123456789))
+        .toEqual(count);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests byte format for debug strings.
+   */
+  it('testDebugBytesToTextFormat', function() {
+    expect(jspb.utils.debugBytesToTextFormat(null)).toEqual('""');
+    expect(jspb.utils.debugBytesToTextFormat([
+      0, 16, 255
+    ])).toEqual('"\\x00\\x10\\xff"');
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests converting byte blob sources into byte blobs.
+   */
+  it('testByteSourceToUint8Array', function() {
+    var convert = jspb.utils.byteSourceToUint8Array;
+
+    var sourceData = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+      sourceData.push(i);
+    }
+
+    var sourceBytes = new Uint8Array(sourceData);
+    var sourceBuffer = sourceBytes.buffer;
+    var sourceBase64 = goog.crypt.base64.encodeByteArray(sourceData);
+    var sourceString = goog.crypt.byteArrayToString(sourceData);
+
+    function check(result) {
+      expect(result.constructor).toEqual(Uint8Array);
+      expect(result.length).toEqual(sourceData.length);
+      for (var i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
+        expect(result[i]).toEqual(sourceData[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Converting Uint8Arrays into Uint8Arrays should be a no-op.
+    expect(convert(sourceBytes)).toEqual(sourceBytes);
+
+    // Converting Array<numbers> into Uint8Arrays should work.
+    check(convert(sourceData));
+
+    // Converting ArrayBuffers into Uint8Arrays should work.
+    check(convert(sourceBuffer));
+
+    // Converting base64-encoded strings into Uint8Arrays should work.
+    check(convert(sourceBase64));
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/writer.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/writer.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab9a81505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/writer.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1832 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview This file contains utilities for encoding Javascript objects
+ * into binary, wire-format protocol buffers (in the form of Uint8Arrays) that
+ * a server can consume directly.
+ *
+ * jspb's BinaryWriter class defines methods for efficiently encoding
+ * Javascript objects into binary, wire-format protocol buffers and supports
+ * all the fundamental field types used in protocol buffers.
+ *
+ * Major caveat 1 - Users of this library _must_ keep their Javascript proto
+ * parsing code in sync with the original .proto file - presumably you'll be
+ * using the typed jspb code generator, but if you bypass that you'll need
+ * to keep things in sync by hand.
+ *
+ * Major caveat 2 - Javascript is unable to accurately represent integers
+ * larger than 2^53 due to its use of a double-precision floating point format
+ * for all numbers. BinaryWriter does not make any special effort to preserve
+ * precision for values above this limit - if you need to pass 64-bit integers
+ * (hash codes, for example) between the client and server without precision
+ * loss, do _not_ use this library.
+ *
+ * Major caveat 3 - This class uses typed arrays and must not be used on older
+ * browsers that do not support them.
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.provide('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+
+goog.require('goog.asserts');
+goog.require('goog.crypt.base64');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryEncoder');
+goog.require('jspb.arith.Int64');
+goog.require('jspb.arith.UInt64');
+goog.require('jspb.utils');
+
+
+
+/**
+ * BinaryWriter implements encoders for all the wire types specified in
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @struct
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter = function() {
+  /**
+   * Blocks of serialized data that will be concatenated once all messages have
+   * been written.
+   * @private {!Array<!Uint8Array|!Array<number>>}
+   */
+  this.blocks_ = [];
+
+  /**
+   * Total number of bytes in the blocks_ array. Does _not_ include bytes in
+   * the encoder below.
+   * @private {number}
+   */
+  this.totalLength_ = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * Binary encoder holding pieces of a message that we're still serializing.
+   * When we get to a stopping point (either the start of a new submessage, or
+   * when we need to append a raw Uint8Array), the encoder's buffer will be
+   * added to the block array above and the encoder will be reset.
+   * @private {!jspb.BinaryEncoder}
+   */
+  this.encoder_ = new jspb.BinaryEncoder();
+
+  /**
+   * A stack of bookmarks containing the parent blocks for each message started
+   * via beginSubMessage(), needed as bookkeeping for endSubMessage().
+   * TODO(aappleby): Deprecated, users should be calling writeMessage().
+   * @private {!Array<!Array<number>>}
+   */
+  this.bookmarks_ = [];
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Append a typed array of bytes onto the buffer.
+ *
+ * @param {!Uint8Array} arr The byte array to append.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.appendUint8Array_ = function(arr) {
+  var temp = this.encoder_.end();
+  this.blocks_.push(temp);
+  this.blocks_.push(arr);
+  this.totalLength_ += temp.length + arr.length;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Begins a new message by writing the field header and returning a bookmark
+ * which we will use to patch in the message length to in endDelimited_ below.
+ * @param {number} field
+ * @return {!Array<number>}
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.beginDelimited_ = function(field) {
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  var bookmark = this.encoder_.end();
+  this.blocks_.push(bookmark);
+  this.totalLength_ += bookmark.length;
+  bookmark.push(this.totalLength_);
+  return bookmark;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Ends a message by encoding the _change_ in length of the buffer to the
+ * parent block and adds the number of bytes needed to encode that length to
+ * the total byte length.
+ * @param {!Array<number>} bookmark
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.endDelimited_ = function(bookmark) {
+  var oldLength = bookmark.pop();
+  var messageLength = this.totalLength_ + this.encoder_.length() - oldLength;
+  goog.asserts.assert(messageLength >= 0);
+
+  while (messageLength > 127) {
+    bookmark.push((messageLength & 0x7f) | 0x80);
+    messageLength = messageLength >>> 7;
+    this.totalLength_++;
+  }
+
+  bookmark.push(messageLength);
+  this.totalLength_++;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a pre-serialized message to the buffer.
+ * @param {!Uint8Array} bytes The array of bytes to write.
+ * @param {number} start The start of the range to write.
+ * @param {number} end The end of the range to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSerializedMessage = function(
+    bytes, start, end) {
+  this.appendUint8Array_(bytes.subarray(start, end));
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a pre-serialized message to the buffer if the message and endpoints
+ * are non-null.
+ * @param {?Uint8Array} bytes The array of bytes to write.
+ * @param {?number} start The start of the range to write.
+ * @param {?number} end The end of the range to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.maybeWriteSerializedMessage = function(
+    bytes, start, end) {
+  if (bytes != null && start != null && end != null) {
+    this.writeSerializedMessage(bytes, start, end);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Resets the writer, throwing away any accumulated buffers.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.reset = function() {
+  this.blocks_ = [];
+  this.encoder_.end();
+  this.totalLength_ = 0;
+  this.bookmarks_ = [];
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts the encoded data into a Uint8Array.
+ * @return {!Uint8Array}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.getResultBuffer = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(this.bookmarks_.length == 0);
+
+  var flat = new Uint8Array(this.totalLength_ + this.encoder_.length());
+
+  var blocks = this.blocks_;
+  var blockCount = blocks.length;
+  var offset = 0;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < blockCount; i++) {
+    var block = blocks[i];
+    flat.set(block, offset);
+    offset += block.length;
+  }
+
+  var tail = this.encoder_.end();
+  flat.set(tail, offset);
+  offset += tail.length;
+
+  // Post condition: `flattened` must have had every byte written.
+  goog.asserts.assert(offset == flat.length);
+
+  // Replace our block list with the flattened block, which lets GC reclaim
+  // the temp blocks sooner.
+  this.blocks_ = [flat];
+
+  return flat;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts the encoded data into a base64-encoded string.
+ * @param {!goog.crypt.base64.Alphabet=} alphabet Which flavor of base64 to use.
+ * @return {string}
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.getResultBase64String = function(alphabet) {
+  return goog.crypt.base64.encodeByteArray(this.getResultBuffer(), alphabet);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Begins a new sub-message. The client must call endSubMessage() when they're
+ * done.
+ * TODO(aappleby): Deprecated. Move callers to writeMessage().
+ * @param {number} field The field number of the sub-message.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.beginSubMessage = function(field) {
+  this.bookmarks_.push(this.beginDelimited_(field));
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Finishes a sub-message and packs it into the parent messages' buffer.
+ * TODO(aappleby): Deprecated. Move callers to writeMessage().
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.endSubMessage = function() {
+  goog.asserts.assert(this.bookmarks_.length >= 0);
+  this.endDelimited_(this.bookmarks_.pop());
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Encodes a (field number, wire type) tuple into a wire-format field header
+ * and stores it in the buffer as a varint.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number} wireType The wire-type of the field, as specified in the
+ *     protocol buffer documentation.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFieldHeader_ =
+    function(field, wireType) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(field >= 1 && field == Math.floor(field));
+  var x = field * 8 + wireType;
+  this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(x);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a field of any valid scalar type to the binary stream.
+ * @param {jspb.BinaryConstants.FieldType} fieldType
+ * @param {number} field
+ * @param {jspb.AnyFieldType} value
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeAny = function(fieldType, field, value) {
+  var fieldTypes = jspb.BinaryConstants.FieldType;
+  switch (fieldType) {
+    case fieldTypes.DOUBLE:
+      this.writeDouble(field, /** @type {number} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.FLOAT:
+      this.writeFloat(field, /** @type {number} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.INT64:
+      this.writeInt64(field, /** @type {number} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.UINT64:
+      this.writeUint64(field, /** @type {number} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.INT32:
+      this.writeInt32(field, /** @type {number} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.FIXED64:
+      this.writeFixed64(field, /** @type {number} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.FIXED32:
+      this.writeFixed32(field, /** @type {number} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.BOOL:
+      this.writeBool(field, /** @type {boolean} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.STRING:
+      this.writeString(field, /** @type {string} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.GROUP:
+      goog.asserts.fail('Group field type not supported in writeAny()');
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.MESSAGE:
+      goog.asserts.fail('Message field type not supported in writeAny()');
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.BYTES:
+      this.writeBytes(field, /** @type {?Uint8Array} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.UINT32:
+      this.writeUint32(field, /** @type {number} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.ENUM:
+      this.writeEnum(field, /** @type {number} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.SFIXED32:
+      this.writeSfixed32(field, /** @type {number} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.SFIXED64:
+      this.writeSfixed64(field, /** @type {number} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.SINT32:
+      this.writeSint32(field, /** @type {number} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.SINT64:
+      this.writeSint64(field, /** @type {number} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.FHASH64:
+      this.writeFixedHash64(field, /** @type {string} */(value));
+      return;
+    case fieldTypes.VHASH64:
+      this.writeVarintHash64(field, /** @type {string} */(value));
+      return;
+    default:
+      goog.asserts.fail('Invalid field type in writeAny()');
+      return;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a varint field to the buffer without range checking.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUnsignedVarint32_ = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a varint field to the buffer without range checking.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSignedVarint32_ = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeSignedVarint32(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a varint field to the buffer without range checking.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUnsignedVarint64_ = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint64(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a varint field to the buffer without range checking.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSignedVarint64_ = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeSignedVarint64(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a zigzag varint field to the buffer without range checking.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeZigzagVarint32_ = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeZigzagVarint32(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a zigzag varint field to the buffer without range checking.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeZigzagVarint64_ = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeZigzagVarint64(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a zigzag varint field to the buffer without range checking.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {string?} value The value to write.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeZigzagVarint64String_ = function(
+    field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeZigzagVarint64String(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a zigzag varint field to the buffer without range checking.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {string?} value The value to write.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeZigzagVarintHash64_ = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeZigzagVarintHash64(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an int32 field to the buffer. Numbers outside the range [-2^31,2^31)
+ * will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeInt32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31));
+  this.writeSignedVarint32_(field, value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an int32 field represented as a string to the buffer. Numbers outside
+ * the range [-2^31,2^31) will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {string?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeInt32String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  var intValue = /** {number} */ parseInt(value, 10);
+  goog.asserts.assert((intValue >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31) &&
+                      (intValue < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31));
+  this.writeSignedVarint32_(field, intValue);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an int64 field to the buffer. Numbers outside the range [-2^63,2^63)
+ * will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeInt64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63));
+  this.writeSignedVarint64_(field, value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a int64 field (with value as a string) to the buffer.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {string?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeInt64String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  var num = jspb.arith.Int64.fromString(value);
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeSplitVarint64(num.lo, num.hi);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a uint32 field to the buffer. Numbers outside the range [0,2^32)
+ * will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= 0) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32));
+  this.writeUnsignedVarint32_(field, value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a uint32 field represented as a string to the buffer. Numbers outside
+ * the range [0,2^32) will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {string?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint32String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  var intValue = /** {number} */ parseInt(value, 10);
+  goog.asserts.assert((intValue >= 0) &&
+                      (intValue < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32));
+  this.writeUnsignedVarint32_(field, intValue);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a uint64 field to the buffer. Numbers outside the range [0,2^64)
+ * will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= 0) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_64));
+  this.writeUnsignedVarint64_(field, value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a uint64 field (with value as a string) to the buffer.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {string?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint64String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  var num = jspb.arith.UInt64.fromString(value);
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeSplitVarint64(num.lo, num.hi);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an sint32 field to the buffer. Numbers outside the range [-2^31,2^31)
+ * will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSint32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31));
+  this.writeZigzagVarint32_(field, value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an sint64 field to the buffer. Numbers outside the range [-2^63,2^63)
+ * will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSint64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63));
+  this.writeZigzagVarint64_(field, value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an sint64 field to the buffer from a hash64 encoded value. Numbers
+ * outside the range [-2^63,2^63) will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {string?} value The hash64 string to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSintHash64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  this.writeZigzagVarintHash64_(field, value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an sint64 field to the buffer. Numbers outside the range [-2^63,2^63)
+ * will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {string?} value The decimal string to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSint64String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  this.writeZigzagVarint64String_(field, value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a fixed32 field to the buffer. Numbers outside the range [0,2^32)
+ * will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFixed32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= 0) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_32));
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED32);
+  this.encoder_.writeUint32(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a fixed64 field to the buffer. Numbers outside the range [0,2^64)
+ * will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFixed64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= 0) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_64));
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64);
+  this.encoder_.writeUint64(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a fixed64 field (with value as a string) to the buffer.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {string?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFixed64String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  var num = jspb.arith.UInt64.fromString(value);
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64);
+  this.encoder_.writeSplitFixed64(num.lo, num.hi);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a sfixed32 field to the buffer. Numbers outside the range
+ * [-2^31,2^31) will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSfixed32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31));
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED32);
+  this.encoder_.writeInt32(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a sfixed64 field to the buffer. Numbers outside the range
+ * [-2^63,2^63) will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSfixed64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_63));
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64);
+  this.encoder_.writeInt64(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a sfixed64 string field to the buffer. Numbers outside the range
+ * [-2^63,2^63) will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {string?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSfixed64String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  var num = jspb.arith.Int64.fromString(value);
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64);
+  this.encoder_.writeSplitFixed64(num.lo, num.hi);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a single-precision floating point field to the buffer. Numbers
+ * requiring more than 32 bits of precision will be truncated.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFloat = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED32);
+  this.encoder_.writeFloat(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a double-precision floating point field to the buffer. As this is the
+ * native format used by JavaScript, no precision will be lost.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeDouble = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64);
+  this.encoder_.writeDouble(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a boolean field to the buffer. We allow numbers as input
+ * because the JSPB code generator uses 0/1 instead of true/false to save space
+ * in the string representation of the proto.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {boolean?|number?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeBool = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  goog.asserts.assert(typeof value === 'boolean' || typeof value === 'number');
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeBool(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an enum field to the buffer.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number?} value The value to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeEnum = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  goog.asserts.assert((value >= -jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31) &&
+                      (value < jspb.BinaryConstants.TWO_TO_31));
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeSignedVarint32(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a string field to the buffer.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {string?} value The string to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeString = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  this.encoder_.writeString(value);
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an arbitrary byte field to the buffer. Note - to match the behavior
+ * of the C++ implementation, empty byte arrays _are_ serialized.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?jspb.ByteSource} value The array of bytes to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeBytes = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  var bytes = jspb.utils.byteSourceToUint8Array(value);
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(bytes.length);
+  this.appendUint8Array_(bytes);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a message to the buffer.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?MessageType} value The message to write.
+ * @param {function(MessageTypeNonNull, !jspb.BinaryWriter)} writerCallback
+ *     Will be invoked with the value to write and the writer to write it with.
+ * @template MessageType
+ * Use go/closure-ttl to declare a non-nullable version of MessageType.  Replace
+ * the null in blah|null with none.  This is necessary because the compiler will
+ * infer MessageType to be nullable if the value parameter is nullable.
+ * @template MessageTypeNonNull :=
+ *     cond(isUnknown(MessageType), unknown(),
+ *       mapunion(MessageType, (X) =>
+ *         cond(eq(X, 'null'), none(), X)))
+ * =:
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeMessage = function(
+    field, value, writerCallback) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  writerCallback(value, this);
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a message set extension to the buffer.
+ * @param {number} field The field number for the extension.
+ * @param {?MessageType} value The extension message object to write. Note that
+ *     message set can only have extensions with type of optional message.
+ * @param {function(!MessageTypeNonNull, !jspb.BinaryWriter)} writerCallback
+ *     Will be invoked with the value to write and the writer to write it with.
+ * @template MessageType
+ * Use go/closure-ttl to declare a non-nullable version of MessageType.  Replace
+ * the null in blah|null with none.  This is necessary because the compiler will
+ * infer MessageType to be nullable if the value parameter is nullable.
+ * @template MessageTypeNonNull :=
+ *     cond(isUnknown(MessageType), unknown(),
+ *       mapunion(MessageType, (X) =>
+ *         cond(eq(X, 'null'), none(), X)))
+ * =:
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeMessageSet = function(
+    field, value, writerCallback) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  // The wire format for a message set is defined by
+  // google3/net/proto/message_set.proto
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(1, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.START_GROUP);
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(2, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeSignedVarint32(field);
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(3);
+  writerCallback(value, this);
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(1, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.END_GROUP);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a group message to the buffer.
+ *
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?MessageType} value The message to write, wrapped with START_GROUP /
+ *     END_GROUP tags. Will be a no-op if 'value' is null.
+ * @param {function(MessageTypeNonNull, !jspb.BinaryWriter)} writerCallback
+ *     Will be invoked with the value to write and the writer to write it with.
+ * @template MessageType
+ * Use go/closure-ttl to declare a non-nullable version of MessageType.  Replace
+ * the null in blah|null with none.  This is necessary because the compiler will
+ * infer MessageType to be nullable if the value parameter is nullable.
+ * @template MessageTypeNonNull :=
+ *     cond(isUnknown(MessageType), unknown(),
+ *       mapunion(MessageType, (X) =>
+ *         cond(eq(X, 'null'), none(), X)))
+ * =:
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeGroup = function(
+    field, value, writerCallback) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.START_GROUP);
+  writerCallback(value, this);
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.END_GROUP);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 64-bit hash string field (8 characters @ 8 bits of data each) to
+ * the buffer.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {string?} value The hash string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFixedHash64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  goog.asserts.assert(value.length == 8);
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64);
+  this.encoder_.writeFixedHash64(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 64-bit hash string field (8 characters @ 8 bits of data each) to
+ * the buffer.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {string?} value The hash string.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeVarintHash64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  goog.asserts.assert(value.length == 8);
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeVarintHash64(value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 64-bit field to the buffer as a fixed64.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number} lowBits The low 32 bits.
+ * @param {number} highBits The high 32 bits.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSplitFixed64 = function(
+    field, lowBits, highBits) {
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.FIXED64);
+  this.encoder_.writeSplitFixed64(lowBits, highBits);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 64-bit field to the buffer as a varint.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number} lowBits The low 32 bits.
+ * @param {number} highBits The high 32 bits.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSplitVarint64 = function(
+    field, lowBits, highBits) {
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  this.encoder_.writeSplitVarint64(lowBits, highBits);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 64-bit field to the buffer as a zigzag encoded varint.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {number} lowBits The low 32 bits.
+ * @param {number} highBits The high 32 bits.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSplitZigzagVarint64 = function(
+    field, lowBits, highBits) {
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.VARINT);
+  var encoder = this.encoder_;
+  jspb.utils.toZigzag64(lowBits, highBits, function(lowBits, highBits) {
+    encoder.writeSplitVarint64(lowBits >>> 0, highBits >>> 0);
+  });
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a repeated 32-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedInt32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeSignedVarint32_(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers formatted as strings to the buffer as a repeated
+ * 32-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedInt32String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeInt32String(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a repeated 64-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedInt64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeSignedVarint64_(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of 64-bit values to the buffer as a fixed64.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<T>} value The value.
+ * @param {function(T): number} lo Function to get low bits.
+ * @param {function(T): number} hi Function to get high bits.
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedSplitFixed64 = function(
+    field, value, lo, hi) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeSplitFixed64(field, lo(value[i]), hi(value[i]));
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of 64-bit values to the buffer as a varint.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<T>} value The value.
+ * @param {function(T): number} lo Function to get low bits.
+ * @param {function(T): number} hi Function to get high bits.
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedSplitVarint64 = function(
+    field, value, lo, hi) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeSplitVarint64(field, lo(value[i]), hi(value[i]));
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of 64-bit values to the buffer as a zigzag varint.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<T>} value The value.
+ * @param {function(T): number} lo Function to get low bits.
+ * @param {function(T): number} hi Function to get high bits.
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedSplitZigzagVarint64 = function(
+    field, value, lo, hi) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeSplitZigzagVarint64(field, lo(value[i]), hi(value[i]));
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers formatted as strings to the buffer as a repeated
+ * 64-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedInt64String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeInt64String(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array numbers to the buffer as a repeated unsigned 32-bit int
+ *     field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedUint32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeUnsignedVarint32_(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers formatted as strings to the buffer as a repeated
+ * unsigned 32-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedUint32String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeUint32String(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array numbers to the buffer as a repeated unsigned 64-bit int
+ *     field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedUint64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeUnsignedVarint64_(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers formatted as strings to the buffer as a repeated
+ * unsigned 64-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedUint64String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeUint64String(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array numbers to the buffer as a repeated signed 32-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedSint32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeZigzagVarint32_(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array numbers to the buffer as a repeated signed 64-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedSint64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeZigzagVarint64_(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array numbers to the buffer as a repeated signed 64-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedSint64String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeZigzagVarint64String_(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of hash64 strings to the buffer as a repeated signed 64-bit
+ * int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedSintHash64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeZigzagVarintHash64_(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a repeated fixed32 field. This
+ * works for both signed and unsigned fixed32s.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedFixed32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeFixed32(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a repeated fixed64 field. This
+ * works for both signed and unsigned fixed64s.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedFixed64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeFixed64(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a repeated fixed64 field. This
+ * works for both signed and unsigned fixed64s.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of decimal strings to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedFixed64String = function(
+    field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeFixed64String(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a repeated sfixed32 field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedSfixed32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeSfixed32(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a repeated sfixed64 field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedSfixed64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeSfixed64(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of decimal strings to the buffer as a repeated sfixed64
+ * field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of decimal strings to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedSfixed64String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeSfixed64String(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a repeated float field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedFloat = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeFloat(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a repeated double field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedDouble = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeDouble(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of booleans to the buffer as a repeated bool field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<boolean>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedBool = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeBool(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of enums to the buffer as a repeated enum field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedEnum = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeEnum(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of strings to the buffer as a repeated string field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of strings to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedString = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeString(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of arbitrary byte fields to the buffer.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<!jspb.ByteSource>} value The arrays of arrays of bytes to
+ *     write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedBytes = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeBytes(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of messages to the buffer.
+ * @template MessageType
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<MessageType>} value The array of messages to
+ *    write.
+ * @param {function(MessageType, !jspb.BinaryWriter)} writerCallback
+ *     Will be invoked with the value to write and the writer to write it with.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedMessage = function(
+    field, value, writerCallback) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+    writerCallback(value[i], this);
+    this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of group messages to the buffer.
+ * @template MessageType
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<MessageType>} value The array of messages to
+ *    write.
+ * @param {function(MessageType, !jspb.BinaryWriter)} writerCallback
+ *     Will be invoked with the value to write and the writer to write it with.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedGroup = function(
+    field, value, writerCallback) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.START_GROUP);
+    writerCallback(value[i], this);
+    this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.END_GROUP);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 64-bit hash string field (8 characters @ 8 bits of data each) to
+ * the buffer.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of hashes to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedFixedHash64 =
+    function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeFixedHash64(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a repeated 64-bit hash string field (8 characters @ 8 bits of data
+ * each) to the buffer.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of hashes to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeRepeatedVarintHash64 =
+    function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.writeVarintHash64(field, value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a packed 32-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedInt32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeSignedVarint32(value[i]);
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers represented as strings to the buffer as a packed
+ * 32-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedInt32String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeSignedVarint32(parseInt(value[i], 10));
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a packed 64-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedInt64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeSignedVarint64(value[i]);
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of 64-bit values to the buffer as a fixed64.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<T>} value The value.
+ * @param {function(T): number} lo Function to get low bits.
+ * @param {function(T): number} hi Function to get high bits.
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedSplitFixed64 = function(
+    field, value, lo, hi) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeSplitFixed64(lo(value[i]), hi(value[i]));
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of 64-bit values to the buffer as a varint.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<T>} value The value.
+ * @param {function(T): number} lo Function to get low bits.
+ * @param {function(T): number} hi Function to get high bits.
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedSplitVarint64 = function(
+    field, value, lo, hi) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeSplitVarint64(lo(value[i]), hi(value[i]));
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of 64-bit values to the buffer as a zigzag varint.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<T>} value The value.
+ * @param {function(T): number} lo Function to get low bits.
+ * @param {function(T): number} hi Function to get high bits.
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedSplitZigzagVarint64 = function(
+    field, value, lo, hi) {
+  if (value == null) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  var encoder = this.encoder_;
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    jspb.utils.toZigzag64(
+        lo(value[i]), hi(value[i]), function(bitsLow, bitsHigh) {
+          encoder.writeSplitVarint64(bitsLow >>> 0, bitsHigh >>> 0);
+        });
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers represented as strings to the buffer as a packed
+ * 64-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedInt64String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    var num = jspb.arith.Int64.fromString(value[i]);
+    this.encoder_.writeSplitVarint64(num.lo, num.hi);
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array numbers to the buffer as a packed unsigned 32-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedUint32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(value[i]);
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers represented as strings to the buffer as a packed
+ * unsigned 32-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedUint32String =
+    function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(parseInt(value[i], 10));
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array numbers to the buffer as a packed unsigned 64-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedUint64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint64(value[i]);
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers represented as strings to the buffer as a packed
+ * unsigned 64-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedUint64String =
+    function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    var num = jspb.arith.UInt64.fromString(value[i]);
+    this.encoder_.writeSplitVarint64(num.lo, num.hi);
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array numbers to the buffer as a packed signed 32-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedSint32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeZigzagVarint32(value[i]);
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a packed signed 64-bit int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedSint64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeZigzagVarint64(value[i]);
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of decimal strings to the buffer as a packed signed 64-bit
+ * int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of decimal strings to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedSint64String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeZigzagVarintHash64(
+        jspb.utils.decimalStringToHash64(value[i]));
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of hash 64 strings to the buffer as a packed signed 64-bit
+ * int field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of decimal strings to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedSintHash64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeZigzagVarintHash64(value[i]);
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a packed fixed32 field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedFixed32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(value.length * 4);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeUint32(value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a packed fixed64 field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedFixed64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(value.length * 8);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeUint64(value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers represented as strings to the buffer as a packed
+ * fixed64 field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of strings to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedFixed64String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(value.length * 8);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    var num = jspb.arith.UInt64.fromString(value[i]);
+    this.encoder_.writeSplitFixed64(num.lo, num.hi);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a packed sfixed32 field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedSfixed32 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(value.length * 4);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeInt32(value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a packed sfixed64 field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedSfixed64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(value.length * 8);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeInt64(value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a packed sfixed64 field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of decimal strings to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedSfixed64String = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(value.length * 8);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeInt64String(value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a packed float field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedFloat = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(value.length * 4);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeFloat(value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of numbers to the buffer as a packed double field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedDouble = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(value.length * 8);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeDouble(value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of booleans to the buffer as a packed bool field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<boolean>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedBool = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(value.length);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeBool(value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes an array of enums to the buffer as a packed enum field.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<number>} value The array of ints to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedEnum = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeEnum(value[i]);
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 64-bit hash string field (8 characters @ 8 bits of data each) to
+ * the buffer.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of hashes to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedFixedHash64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  this.writeFieldHeader_(field, jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED);
+  this.encoder_.writeUnsignedVarint32(value.length * 8);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeFixedHash64(value[i]);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a 64-bit hash string field (8 characters @ 8 bits of data each) to
+ * the buffer.
+ * @param {number} field The field number.
+ * @param {?Array<string>} value The array of hashes to write.
+ */
+jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writePackedVarintHash64 = function(field, value) {
+  if (value == null || !value.length) return;
+  var bookmark = this.beginDelimited_(field);
+  for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    this.encoder_.writeVarintHash64(value[i]);
+  }
+  this.endDelimited_(bookmark);
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/writer_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/writer_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4dafa09c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/binary/writer_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for jspb's binary protocol buffer writer. In
+ * practice BinaryWriter is used to drive the Decoder and Reader test cases,
+ * so only writer-specific tests are here.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.crypt');
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryReader');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+goog.require('jspb.utils');
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {function()} func This function should throw an error when run.
+ */
+function assertFails(func) {
+  assertThrows(func);
+}
+
+
+describe('binaryWriterTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Verifies that misuse of the writer class triggers assertions.
+   */
+  it('testWriteErrors', function() {
+    // Submessages with invalid field indices should assert.
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+
+    assertFails(function() {
+      writer.writeMessage(-1, dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+    });
+
+    // Writing invalid field indices should assert.
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint64(-1, 1);});
+
+    // Writing out-of-range field values should assert.
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeInt32(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeInt32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeInt64(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeInt64(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint32(1, -1);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint64(1, -1);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint64(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSint32(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSint32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSint64(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSint64(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeFixed32(1, -1);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeFixed32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeFixed64(1, -1);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeFixed64(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSfixed32(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSfixed32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSfixed64(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSfixed64(1, Infinity);});
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Basic test of retrieving the result as a Uint8Array buffer
+   */
+  it('testGetResultBuffer', function() {
+    var expected = '0864120b48656c6c6f20776f726c641a0301020320c801';
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    writer.writeUint32(1, 100);
+    writer.writeString(2, 'Hello world');
+    writer.writeBytes(3, new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]));
+    writer.writeUint32(4, 200);
+
+    var buffer = writer.getResultBuffer();
+    assertEquals(expected, goog.crypt.byteArrayToHex(buffer));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests websafe encodings for base64 strings.
+   */
+  it('testWebSafeOption', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    writer.writeBytes(1, new Uint8Array([127]));
+    assertEquals('CgF/', writer.getResultBase64String());
+    assertEquals(
+        'CgF/',
+        writer.getResultBase64String(goog.crypt.base64.Alphabet.DEFAULT));
+    assertEquals(
+        'CgF_',
+        writer.getResultBase64String(
+            goog.crypt.base64.Alphabet.WEBSAFE_NO_PADDING));
+  });
+
+  it('writes split 64 fields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    writer.writeSplitVarint64(1, 0x1, 0x2);
+    writer.writeSplitVarint64(1, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    writer.writeSplitFixed64(2, 0x1, 0x2);
+    writer.writeSplitFixed64(2, 0xFFFFFFF0, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    function lo(i) {
+      return i + 1;
+    }
+    function hi(i) {
+      return i + 2;
+    }
+    writer.writeRepeatedSplitVarint64(3, [0, 1, 2], lo, hi);
+    writer.writeRepeatedSplitFixed64(4, [0, 1, 2], lo, hi);
+    writer.writePackedSplitVarint64(5, [0, 1, 2], lo, hi);
+    writer.writePackedSplitFixed64(6, [0, 1, 2], lo, hi);
+
+    function bitsAsArray(lowBits, highBits) {
+      return [lowBits >>> 0, highBits >>> 0];
+    }
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    reader.nextField();
+    expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(1);
+    expect(reader.readSplitVarint64(bitsAsArray)).toEqual([0x1, 0x2]);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(1);
+    expect(reader.readSplitVarint64(bitsAsArray)).toEqual([
+      0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF
+    ]);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(2);
+    expect(reader.readSplitFixed64(bitsAsArray)).toEqual([0x1, 0x2]);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(2);
+    expect(reader.readSplitFixed64(bitsAsArray)).toEqual([
+      0xFFFFFFF0, 0xFFFFFFFF
+    ]);
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(3);
+      expect(reader.readSplitVarint64(bitsAsArray)).toEqual([i + 1, i + 2]);
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(4);
+      expect(reader.readSplitFixed64(bitsAsArray)).toEqual([i + 1, i + 2]);
+    }
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(5);
+    expect(reader.readPackedInt64String()).toEqual([
+      String(2 * 2 ** 32 + 1),
+      String(3 * 2 ** 32 + 2),
+      String(4 * 2 ** 32 + 3),
+    ]);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(6);
+    expect(reader.readPackedFixed64String()).toEqual([
+      String(2 * 2 ** 32 + 1),
+      String(3 * 2 ** 32 + 2),
+      String(4 * 2 ** 32 + 3),
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('writes zigzag 64 fields', function() {
+    // Test cases direcly from the protobuf dev guide.
+    // https://engdoc.corp.google.com/eng/howto/protocolbuffers/developerguide/encoding.shtml?cl=head#types
+    var testCases = [
+      {original: '0', zigzag: '0'},
+      {original: '-1', zigzag: '1'},
+      {original: '1', zigzag: '2'},
+      {original: '-2', zigzag: '3'},
+      {original: '2147483647', zigzag: '4294967294'},
+      {original: '-2147483648', zigzag: '4294967295'},
+      // 64-bit extremes, not in dev guide.
+      {original: '9223372036854775807', zigzag: '18446744073709551614'},
+      {original: '-9223372036854775808', zigzag: '18446744073709551615'},
+    ];
+    function decimalToLowBits(v) {
+      jspb.utils.splitDecimalString(v);
+      return jspb.utils.split64Low >>> 0;
+    }
+    function decimalToHighBits(v) {
+      jspb.utils.splitDecimalString(v);
+      return jspb.utils.split64High >>> 0;
+    }
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    testCases.forEach(function(c) {
+      writer.writeSint64String(1, c.original);
+      writer.writeSintHash64(1, jspb.utils.decimalStringToHash64(c.original));
+      jspb.utils.splitDecimalString(c.original);
+      writer.writeSplitZigzagVarint64(
+          1, jspb.utils.split64Low, jspb.utils.split64High);
+    });
+
+    writer.writeRepeatedSint64String(2, testCases.map(function(c) {
+      return c.original;
+    }));
+
+    writer.writeRepeatedSintHash64(3, testCases.map(function(c) {
+      return jspb.utils.decimalStringToHash64(c.original);
+    }));
+
+    writer.writeRepeatedSplitZigzagVarint64(
+        4, testCases.map(function(c) {
+          return c.original;
+        }),
+        decimalToLowBits, decimalToHighBits);
+
+    writer.writePackedSint64String(5, testCases.map(function(c) {
+      return c.original;
+    }));
+
+    writer.writePackedSintHash64(6, testCases.map(function(c) {
+      return jspb.utils.decimalStringToHash64(c.original);
+    }));
+
+    writer.writePackedSplitZigzagVarint64(
+        7, testCases.map(function(c) {
+          return c.original;
+        }),
+        decimalToLowBits, decimalToHighBits);
+
+    // Verify by reading the stream as normal int64 fields and checking with
+    // the canonical zigzag encoding of each value.
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    testCases.forEach(function(c) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(1);
+      expect(reader.readUint64String()).toEqual(c.zigzag);
+      reader.nextField();
+      expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(1);
+      expect(reader.readUint64String()).toEqual(c.zigzag);
+      reader.nextField();
+      expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(1);
+      expect(reader.readUint64String()).toEqual(c.zigzag);
+    });
+
+    testCases.forEach(function(c) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(2);
+      expect(reader.readUint64String()).toEqual(c.zigzag);
+    });
+
+    testCases.forEach(function(c) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(3);
+      expect(reader.readUint64String()).toEqual(c.zigzag);
+    });
+
+    testCases.forEach(function(c) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(4);
+      expect(reader.readUint64String()).toEqual(c.zigzag);
+    });
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(5);
+    expect(reader.readPackedUint64String()).toEqual(testCases.map(function(c) {
+      return c.zigzag;
+    }));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(6);
+    expect(reader.readPackedUint64String()).toEqual(testCases.map(function(c) {
+      return c.zigzag;
+    }));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(7);
+    expect(reader.readPackedUint64String()).toEqual(testCases.map(function(c) {
+      return c.zigzag;
+    }));
+  });
+
+  it('writes float32 fields', function() {
+    var testCases = [
+      0, 1, -1, jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MIN,
+      -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MIN, jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX,
+      -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX, 3.1415927410125732, Infinity,
+      -Infinity, NaN
+    ];
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    testCases.forEach(function(f) {
+      writer.writeFloat(1, f);
+    });
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    testCases.forEach(function(f) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(1);
+      if (isNaN(f)) {
+        expect(isNaN(reader.readFloat())).toEqual(true);
+      } else {
+        expect(reader.readFloat()).toEqual(f);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('writes double fields', function() {
+    var testCases = [
+      0, 1, -1, Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER, Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER,
+      Number.MAX_VALUE, Number.MIN_VALUE, jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MIN,
+      -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MIN, jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX,
+      -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX, Math.PI, Infinity, -Infinity, NaN
+    ];
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    testCases.forEach(function(f) {
+      writer.writeDouble(1, f);
+    });
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    testCases.forEach(function(f) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      expect(reader.getFieldNumber()).toEqual(1);
+      if (isNaN(f)) {
+        expect(isNaN(reader.readDouble())).toEqual(true);
+      } else {
+        expect(reader.readDouble()).toEqual(f);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/export.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/export.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a93ee928f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/export.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Export symbols needed by generated code in CommonJS style.
+ *
+ * This effectively is our canonical list of what we publicly export from
+ * the google-protobuf.js file that we build at distribution time.
+ */
+
+// Include a dummy provide statement so that closurebuilder.py does not skip over this
+// file.
+goog.provide('jspb.Export');
+
+goog.require('goog.object');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryReader');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+goog.require('jspb.ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo');
+goog.require('jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo');
+goog.require('jspb.Message');
+goog.require('jspb.Map');
+
+exports.Map = jspb.Map;
+exports.Message = jspb.Message;
+exports.BinaryReader = jspb.BinaryReader;
+exports.BinaryWriter = jspb.BinaryWriter;
+exports.ExtensionFieldInfo = jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo;
+exports.ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo = jspb.ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo;
+
+// These are used by generated code but should not be used directly by clients.
+exports.exportSymbol = goog.exportSymbol;
+exports.inherits = goog.inherits;
+exports.object = {extend: goog.object.extend};
+exports.typeOf = goog.typeOf;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/export_asserts.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/export_asserts.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad9446c74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/export_asserts.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Exports symbols needed only by tests.
+ *
+ * This file exports several Closure Library symbols that are only
+ * used by tests.  It is used to generate a file
+ * closure_asserts_commonjs.js that is only used at testing time.
+ */
+
+// Include a dummy provide statement so that closurebuilder.py does not skip over this
+// file.
+goog.provide('jspb.ExportAsserts');
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+
+var global = Function('return this')();
+
+// All of the closure "assert" functions are exported at the global level.
+//
+// The Google Closure assert functions start with assert, eg.
+//   assertThrows
+//   assertNotThrows
+//   assertTrue
+//   ...
+//
+// The one exception is the "fail" function.
+function shouldExport(str) {
+  return str.lastIndexOf('assert') === 0 || str == 'fail';
+}
+
+for (var key in global) {
+  if ((typeof key == "string") && global.hasOwnProperty(key) &&
+      shouldExport(key)) {
+    exports[key] = global[key];
+  }
+}
+
+// The COMPILED variable is set by Closure compiler to "true" when it compiles
+// JavaScript, so in practice this is equivalent to "exports.COMPILED = true".
+// This will disable some debugging functionality in debug.js.  We could
+// investigate whether this can/should be enabled in CommonJS builds.
+exports.COMPILED = COMPILED
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/export_testdeps.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/export_testdeps.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96d3f3470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/export_testdeps.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Export symbols needed by tests in CommonJS style.
+ *
+ * This file is like export.js, but for symbols that are only used by tests.
+ * However we exclude assert functions here, because they are exported into
+ * the global namespace, so those are handled as a special case in
+ * export_asserts.js.
+ */
+
+// Include a dummy provide statement so that closurebuilder.py does not skip over this
+// file.
+goog.provide('jspb.ExportTestDeps');
+
+goog.require('goog.crypt.base64');
+goog.require('goog.testing.PropertyReplacer');
+goog.require('jspb.arith.Int64');
+goog.require('jspb.arith.UInt64');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryEncoder');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryDecoder');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+goog.require('jspb.utils');
+
+exports.goog = goog;
+exports.jspb = jspb;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/import_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/import_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffa34fea6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/import_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+
+
+
+var googleProtobuf = require('google-protobuf');
+var asserts = require('closure_asserts_commonjs');
+var global = Function('return this')();
+
+// Bring asserts into the global namespace.
+googleProtobuf.object.extend(global, asserts);
+googleProtobuf.exportSymbol('jspb.Message', googleProtobuf.Message, global);
+
+var test7_pb = require('./test7/test7_pb');
+googleProtobuf.exportSymbol('proto.jspb.test.framing.FramingMessage', test7_pb.FramingMessage, global);
+
+describe('Import test suite', function() {
+  it('testImportedMessage', function() {
+    var framing1 = new proto.jspb.test.framing.FramingMessage([]);
+    var framing2 = new proto.jspb.test.framing.FramingMessage([]);
+    assertObjectEquals(framing1.toObject(), framing2.toObject());
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/jasmine.json b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/jasmine.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..666b8edbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/jasmine.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "spec_dir": "",
+    "spec_files": [
+        "*_test.js",
+        "binary/proto_test.js"
+    ],
+    "helpers": [
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/rewrite_tests_for_commonjs.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/rewrite_tests_for_commonjs.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6d90d287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/rewrite_tests_for_commonjs.js
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Utility to translate test files to CommonJS imports.
+ *
+ * This is a somewhat hacky tool designed to do one very specific thing.
+ * All of the test files in *_test.js are written with Closure-style
+ * imports (goog.require()).  This works great for running the tests
+ * against Closure-style generated code, but we also want to run the
+ * tests against CommonJS-style generated code without having to fork
+ * the tests.
+ *
+ * Closure-style imports import each individual type by name.  This is
+ * very different than CommonJS imports which are by file.  So we put
+ * special comments in these tests like:
+ *
+ * // CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test_pb
+ * goog.require('proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension');
+ * goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Complex');
+ * goog.require('proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues');
+ *
+ * This script parses that special comment and uses it to generate proper
+ * CommonJS require() statements so that the tests can run and pass using
+ * CommonJS imports.  The script will change the above statements into:
+ *
+ *   var test_pb = require('test_pb');
+ *   googleProtobuf.exportSymbol('proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension', test_pb.CloneExtension, global);
+ *   googleProtobuf.exportSymbol('proto.jspb.test.Complex', test_pb.Complex, global);
+ *   googleProtobuf.exportSymbol('proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues', test_pb.DefaultValues, global);
+ *
+ * (The "exportSymbol" function will define the given names in the global
+ * namespace, taking care not to overwrite any previous value for
+ * "proto.jspb.test").
+ */
+
+var lineReader = require('readline').createInterface({
+  input: process.stdin,
+  output: process.stdout
+});
+
+function tryStripPrefix(str, prefix) {
+  if (str.lastIndexOf(prefix) !== 0) {
+    throw "String: " + str + " didn't start with: " + prefix;
+  }
+  return str.substr(prefix.length);
+}
+
+function camelCase(str) {
+  var ret = '';
+  var ucaseNext = false;
+  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+    if (str[i] == '-') {
+      ucaseNext = true;
+    } else if (ucaseNext) {
+      ret += str[i].toUpperCase();
+      ucaseNext = false;
+    } else {
+      ret += str[i];
+    }
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+var module = null;
+var pkg = null;
+
+// Header: goes in every file at the top.
+console.log("var global = Function('return this')();");
+console.log("var googleProtobuf = require('google-protobuf');");
+console.log("var testdeps = require('testdeps_commonjs');");
+console.log("global.goog = testdeps.goog;");
+console.log("global.jspb = testdeps.jspb;");
+console.log("var asserts = require('closure_asserts_commonjs');");
+console.log("");
+console.log("// Bring asserts into the global namespace.");
+console.log("googleProtobuf.object.extend(global, asserts);");
+
+lineReader.on('line', function(line) {
+  var isRequire = line.match(/goog\.require\('([^']*)'\)/);
+  var isLoadFromFile = line.match(/CommonJS-LoadFromFile: (\S*) (.*)/);
+  var isSetTestOnly = line.match(/goog.setTestOnly()/);
+  if (isRequire) {
+    if (module) {  // Skip goog.require() lines before the first directive.
+      var fullSym = isRequire[1];
+      var sym = tryStripPrefix(fullSym, pkg);
+      console.log("googleProtobuf.exportSymbol('" + fullSym + "', " + module + sym + ', global);');
+    }
+  } else if (isLoadFromFile) {
+    var module_path = isLoadFromFile[1].split('/');
+    module = camelCase(module_path[module_path.length - 1]);
+    pkg = isLoadFromFile[2];
+
+    if (module != "googleProtobuf") {  // We unconditionally require this in the header.
+      console.log("var " + module + " = require('./" + isLoadFromFile[1] + "');");
+    }
+  } else if (!isSetTestOnly) {  // Remove goog.setTestOnly() lines.
+    console.log(line);
+  }
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/strict_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/strict_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46458c10b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/strict_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+
+
+
+var googleProtobuf = require('google-protobuf');
+var asserts = require('closure_asserts_commonjs');
+var global = Function('return this')();
+
+// Bring asserts into the global namespace.
+googleProtobuf.object.extend(global, asserts);
+
+var test9_pb = require('./test9_pb');
+var test10_pb = require('./test10_pb');
+
+describe('Strict test suite', function() {
+  it('testImportedMessage', function() {
+    var simple1 = new test9_pb.jspb.exttest.strict.nine.Simple9()
+    var simple2 = new test9_pb.jspb.exttest.strict.nine.Simple9()
+    assertObjectEquals(simple1.toObject(), simple2.toObject());
+  });
+
+  it('testGlobalScopePollution', function() {
+    assertObjectEquals(global.jspb.exttest, undefined);
+  });
+
+  describe('with imports', function() {
+    it('testImportedMessage', function() {
+      var simple1 = new test10_pb.jspb.exttest.strict.ten.Simple10()
+      var simple2 = new test10_pb.jspb.exttest.strict.ten.Simple10()
+      assertObjectEquals(simple1.toObject(), simple2.toObject());
+    });
+
+    it('testGlobalScopePollution', function() {
+      assertObjectEquals(global.jspb.exttest, undefined);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/test6/test6.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/test6/test6.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a060925f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/test6/test6.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.test.importing;
+
+message ImportedMessage {
+  string string_value = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/test7/test7.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/test7/test7.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5574a3dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/commonjs/test7/test7.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.test.framing;
+
+import "test6/test6.proto";
+
+message FramingMessage {
+  jspb.test.importing.ImportedMessage imported_message = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/arith_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/arith_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89796bf79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/arith_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for Int64-manipulation functions.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author cfallin@google.com (Chris Fallin)
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.arith.Int64');
+goog.require('jspb.arith.UInt64');
+
+
+describe('binaryArithTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests comparison operations.
+   */
+  it('testCompare', function() {
+    var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(1234, 5678);
+    var b = new jspb.arith.UInt64(1234, 5678);
+    assertEquals(a.cmp(b), 0);
+    assertEquals(b.cmp(a), 0);
+    b.lo -= 1;
+    assertEquals(a.cmp(b), 1);
+    assertEquals(b.cmp(a), -1);
+    b.lo += 2;
+    assertEquals(a.cmp(b), -1);
+    assertEquals(b.cmp(a), 1);
+    b.lo = a.lo;
+    b.hi = a.hi - 1;
+    assertEquals(a.cmp(b), 1);
+    assertEquals(b.cmp(a), -1);
+
+    assertEquals(a.zero(), false);
+    assertEquals(a.msb(), false);
+    assertEquals(a.lsb(), false);
+    a.hi = 0;
+    a.lo = 0;
+    assertEquals(a.zero(), true);
+    a.hi = 0x80000000;
+    assertEquals(a.zero(), false);
+    assertEquals(a.msb(), true);
+    a.lo = 0x00000001;
+    assertEquals(a.lsb(), true);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests shifts.
+   */
+  it('testShifts', function() {
+    var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(1, 0);
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 1);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 0);
+    var orig = a;
+    a = a.leftShift();
+    assertEquals(orig.lo, 1);  // original unmodified.
+    assertEquals(orig.hi, 0);
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 2);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 0);
+    a = a.leftShift();
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 4);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 0);
+    for (var i = 0; i < 29; i++) {
+      a = a.leftShift();
+    }
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 0x80000000);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 0);
+    a = a.leftShift();
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 0);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 1);
+    a = a.leftShift();
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 0);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 2);
+    a = a.rightShift();
+    a = a.rightShift();
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 0x80000000);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 0);
+    a = a.rightShift();
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 0x40000000);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 0);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests additions.
+   */
+  it('testAdd', function() {
+    var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(/* lo = */ 0x89abcdef,
+                                         /* hi = */ 0x01234567);
+    var b = new jspb.arith.UInt64(/* lo = */ 0xff52ab91,
+                                         /* hi = */ 0x92fa2123);
+    // Addition with carry.
+    var c = a.add(b);
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 0x89abcdef);  // originals unmodified.
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 0x01234567);
+    assertEquals(b.lo, 0xff52ab91);
+    assertEquals(b.hi, 0x92fa2123);
+    assertEquals(c.lo, 0x88fe7980);
+    assertEquals(c.hi, 0x941d668b);
+
+    // Simple addition without carry.
+    a.lo = 2;
+    a.hi = 0;
+    b.lo = 3;
+    b.hi = 0;
+    c = a.add(b);
+    assertEquals(c.lo, 5);
+    assertEquals(c.hi, 0);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test subtractions.
+   */
+  it('testSub', function() {
+    var kLength = 10;
+    var hiValues = [0x1682ef32,
+                    0x583902f7,
+                    0xb62f5955,
+                    0x6ea99bbf,
+                    0x25a39c20,
+                    0x0700a08b,
+                    0x00f7304d,
+                    0x91a5b5af,
+                    0x89077fd2,
+                    0xe09e347c];
+    var loValues = [0xe1538b18,
+                    0xbeacd556,
+                    0x74100758,
+                    0x96e3cb26,
+                    0x56c37c3f,
+                    0xe00b3f7d,
+                    0x859f25d7,
+                    0xc2ee614a,
+                    0xe1d21cd7,
+                    0x30aae6a4];
+    for (var i = 0; i < kLength; i++) {
+      for (var j = 0; j < kLength; j++) {
+        var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(loValues[i], hiValues[j]);
+        var b = new jspb.arith.UInt64(loValues[j], hiValues[i]);
+        var c = a.add(b).sub(b);
+        assertEquals(c.hi, a.hi);
+        assertEquals(c.lo, a.lo);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests 32-by-32 multiplication.
+   */
+  it('testMul32x32', function() {
+    var testData = [
+      // a        b          low(a*b)   high(a*b)
+      [0xc0abe2f8, 0x1607898a, 0x5de711b0, 0x109471b8],
+      [0x915eb3cb, 0x4fb66d0e, 0xbd0d441a, 0x2d43d0bc],
+      [0xfe4efe70, 0x80b48c37, 0xbcddea10, 0x7fdada0c],
+      [0xe222fd4a, 0xe43d524a, 0xd5e0eb64, 0xc99d549c],
+      [0xd171f469, 0xb94ebd01, 0x4be17969, 0x979bc4fa],
+      [0x829cc1df, 0xe2598b38, 0xf4157dc8, 0x737c12ad],
+      [0xf10c3767, 0x8382881e, 0x942b3612, 0x7bd428b8],
+      [0xb0f6dd24, 0x232597e1, 0x079c98a4, 0x184bbce7],
+      [0xfcdb05a7, 0x902f55bc, 0x636199a4, 0x8e69f412],
+      [0x0dd0bfa9, 0x916e27b1, 0x6e2542d9, 0x07d92e65]
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testData.length; i++) {
+      var a = testData[i][0] >>> 0;
+      var b = testData[i][1] >>> 0;
+      var cLow = testData[i][2] >>> 0;
+      var cHigh = testData[i][3] >>> 0;
+      var c = jspb.arith.UInt64.mul32x32(a, b);
+      assertEquals(c.lo, cLow);
+      assertEquals(c.hi, cHigh);
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests 64-by-32 multiplication.
+   */
+  it('testMul', function() {
+    // 64x32 bits produces 96 bits of product. The multiplication function under
+    // test truncates the top 32 bits, so we compare against a 64-bit expected
+    // product.
+    var testData = [
+      // low(a)   high(a)               low(a*b)   high(a*b)
+      [0xec10955b, 0x360eb168, 0x4b7f3f5b, 0xbfcb7c59, 0x9517da5f],
+      [0x42b000fc, 0x9d101642, 0x6fa1ab72, 0x2584c438, 0x6a9e6d2b],
+      [0xf42d4fb4, 0xae366403, 0xa65a1000, 0x92434000, 0x1ff978df],
+      [0x17e2f56b, 0x25487693, 0xf13f98c7, 0x73794e2d, 0xa96b0c6a],
+      [0x492f241f, 0x76c0eb67, 0x7377ac44, 0xd4336c3c, 0xfc4b1ebe],
+      [0xd6b92321, 0xe184fa48, 0xd6e76904, 0x93141584, 0xcbf44da1],
+      [0x4bf007ea, 0x968c0a9e, 0xf5e4026a, 0x4fdb1ae4, 0x61b9fb7d],
+      [0x10a83be7, 0x2d685ba6, 0xc9e5fb7f, 0x2ad43499, 0x3742473d],
+      [0x2f261829, 0x1aca681a, 0x3d3494e3, 0x8213205b, 0x283719f8],
+      [0xe4f2ce21, 0x2e74b7bd, 0xd801b38b, 0xbc17feeb, 0xc6c44e0f]
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testData.length; i++) {
+      var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(testData[i][0], testData[i][1]);
+      var prod = a.mul(testData[i][2]);
+      assertEquals(prod.lo, testData[i][3]);
+      assertEquals(prod.hi, testData[i][4]);
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests 64-div-by-32 division.
+   */
+  it('testDiv', function() {
+    // Compute a/b, yielding quot = a/b and rem = a%b.
+    var testData = [
+      // --- divisors in (0, 2^32-1) to test full divisor range
+      // low(a)   high(a)    b          low(quot)  high(quot) rem
+      [0x712443f1, 0xe85cefcc, 0xc1a7050b, 0x332c79ad, 0x00000001, 0x92ffa882],
+      [0x11912915, 0xb2699eb5, 0x30467cbe, 0xb21b4be4, 0x00000003, 0x283465dd],
+      [0x0d917982, 0x201f2a6e, 0x3f35bf03, 0x8217c8e4, 0x00000000, 0x153402d6],
+      [0xa072c108, 0x74020c96, 0xc60568fd, 0x95f9613e, 0x00000000, 0x3f4676c2],
+      [0xd845d5d8, 0xcdd235c4, 0x20426475, 0x6154e78b, 0x00000006, 0x202fb751],
+      [0xa4dbf71f, 0x9e90465e, 0xf08e022f, 0xa8be947f, 0x00000000, 0xbe43b5ce],
+      [0x3dbe627f, 0xa791f4b9, 0x28a5bd89, 0x1f5dfe93, 0x00000004, 0x02bf9ed4],
+      [0x5c1c53ee, 0xccf5102e, 0x198576e7, 0x07e3ae31, 0x00000008, 0x02ea8fb7],
+      [0xfef1e581, 0x04714067, 0xca6540c1, 0x059e73ec, 0x00000000, 0x31658095],
+      [0x1e2dd90c, 0x13dd6667, 0x8b2184c3, 0x248d1a42, 0x00000000, 0x4ca6d0c6],
+      // --- divisors in (0, 2^16-1) to test larger quotient high-words
+      // low(a)   high(a)    b          low(quot)  high(quot) rem
+      [0x86722b47, 0x2cd57c9a, 0x00003123, 0x2ae41b7a, 0x0000e995, 0x00000f99],
+      [0x1dd7884c, 0xf5e839bc, 0x00009eeb, 0x5c886242, 0x00018c21, 0x000099b6],
+      [0x5c53d625, 0x899fc7e5, 0x000087d7, 0xd625007a, 0x0001035c, 0x000019af],
+      [0x6932d932, 0x9d0a5488, 0x000051fb, 0x9d976143, 0x0001ea63, 0x00004981],
+      [0x4d18bb85, 0x0c92fb31, 0x00001d9f, 0x03265ab4, 0x00006cac, 0x000001b9],
+      [0xbe756768, 0xdea67ccb, 0x00008a03, 0x58add442, 0x00019cff, 0x000056a2],
+      [0xe2466f9a, 0x2521f114, 0x0000c350, 0xa0c0860d, 0x000030ab, 0x0000a48a],
+      [0xf00ddad1, 0xe2f5446a, 0x00002cfc, 0x762697a6, 0x00050b96, 0x00000b69],
+      [0xa879152a, 0x0a70e0a5, 0x00007cdf, 0xb44151b3, 0x00001567, 0x0000363d],
+      [0x7179a74c, 0x46083fff, 0x0000253c, 0x4d39ba6e, 0x0001e17f, 0x00000f84]
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testData.length; i++) {
+      var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(testData[i][0], testData[i][1]);
+      var result = a.div(testData[i][2]);
+      var quotient = result[0];
+      var remainder = result[1];
+      assertEquals(quotient.lo, testData[i][3]);
+      assertEquals(quotient.hi, testData[i][4]);
+      assertEquals(remainder.lo, testData[i][5]);
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests .toString() and .fromString().
+   */
+  it('testStrings', function() {
+    var testData = [
+        [0x5e84c935, 0xcae33d0e, '14619595947299359029'],
+        [0x62b3b8b8, 0x93480544, '10612738313170434232'],
+        [0x319bfb13, 0xc01c4172, '13843011313344445203'],
+        [0x5b8a65fb, 0xa5885b31, '11927883880638080507'],
+        [0x6bdb80f1, 0xb0d1b16b, '12741159895737008369'],
+        [0x4b82b442, 0x2e0d8c97, '3318463081876730946'],
+        [0x780d5208, 0x7d76752c, '9040542135845999112'],
+        [0x2e46800f, 0x0993778d, '690026616168284175'],
+        [0xf00a7e32, 0xcd8e3931, '14811839111111540274'],
+        [0x1baeccd6, 0x923048c4, '10533999535534820566'],
+        [0x03669d29, 0xbff3ab72, '13831587386756603177'],
+        [0x2526073e, 0x01affc81, '121593346566522686'],
+        [0xc24244e0, 0xd7f40d0e, '15561076969511732448'],
+        [0xc56a341e, 0xa68b66a7, '12000798502816461854'],
+        [0x8738d64d, 0xbfe78604, '13828168534871037517'],
+        [0x5baff03b, 0xd7572aea, '15516918227177304123'],
+        [0x4a843d8a, 0x864e132b, '9677693725920476554'],
+        [0x25b4e94d, 0x22b54dc6, '2500990681505655117'],
+        [0x6bbe664b, 0x55a5cc0e, '6171563226690381387'],
+        [0xee916c81, 0xb00aabb3, '12685140089732426881']
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testData.length; i++) {
+      var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(testData[i][0], testData[i][1]);
+      var roundtrip = jspb.arith.UInt64.fromString(a.toString());
+      assertEquals(roundtrip.lo, a.lo);
+      assertEquals(roundtrip.hi, a.hi);
+      assertEquals(a.toString(), testData[i][2]);
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests signed Int64s. These are built on UInt64s, so we only need to test
+   * the explicit overrides: .toString() and .fromString().
+   */
+  it('testSignedInt64', function() {
+    var testStrings = [
+        '-7847499644178593666',
+        '3771946501229139523',
+        '2872856549054995060',
+        '-5780049594274350904',
+        '3383785956695105201',
+        '2973055184857072610',
+        '-3879428459215627206',
+        '4589812431064156631',
+        '8484075557333689940',
+        '1075325817098092407',
+        '-4346697501012292314',
+        '2488620459718316637',
+        '6112655187423520672',
+        '-3655278273928612104',
+        '3439154019435803196',
+        '1004112478843763757',
+        '-6587790776614368413',
+        '664320065099714586',
+        '4760412909973292912',
+        '-7911903989602274672'
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testStrings.length; i++) {
+      var roundtrip =
+          jspb.arith.Int64.fromString(testStrings[i]).toString();
+      assertEquals(roundtrip, testStrings[i]);
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/decoder_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/decoder_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fce2fe181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/decoder_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for jspb's binary protocol buffer decoder.
+ *
+ * There are two particular magic numbers that need to be pointed out -
+ * 2^64-1025 is the largest number representable as both a double and an
+ * unsigned 64-bit integer, and 2^63-513 is the largest number representable as
+ * both a double and a signed 64-bit integer.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryDecoder');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryEncoder');
+
+
+/**
+ * Tests encoding and decoding of unsigned types.
+ * @param {Function} readValue
+ * @param {Function} writeValue
+ * @param {number} epsilon
+ * @param {number} upperLimit
+ * @param {Function} filter
+ * @suppress {missingProperties|visibility}
+ */
+function doTestUnsignedValue(readValue,
+    writeValue, epsilon, upperLimit, filter) {
+  var encoder = new jspb.BinaryEncoder();
+
+  // Encode zero and limits.
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(0));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(epsilon));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(upperLimit));
+
+  // Encode positive values.
+  for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+    writeValue.call(encoder, filter(cursor));
+  }
+
+  var decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(encoder.end());
+
+  // Check zero and limits.
+  assertEquals(filter(0), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(epsilon), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(upperLimit), readValue.call(decoder));
+
+  // Check positive values.
+  for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+    if (filter(cursor) != readValue.call(decoder)) throw 'fail!';
+  }
+
+  // Encoding values outside the valid range should assert.
+  assertThrows(function() {writeValue.call(encoder, -1);});
+  assertThrows(function() {writeValue.call(encoder, upperLimit * 1.1);});
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Tests encoding and decoding of signed types.
+ * @param {Function} readValue
+ * @param {Function} writeValue
+ * @param {number} epsilon
+ * @param {number} lowerLimit
+ * @param {number} upperLimit
+ * @param {Function} filter
+ * @suppress {missingProperties}
+ */
+function doTestSignedValue(readValue,
+    writeValue, epsilon, lowerLimit, upperLimit, filter) {
+  var encoder = new jspb.BinaryEncoder();
+
+  // Encode zero and limits.
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(lowerLimit));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(-epsilon));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(0));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(epsilon));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(upperLimit));
+
+  var inputValues = [];
+
+  // Encode negative values.
+  for (var cursor = lowerLimit; cursor < -epsilon; cursor /= 1.1) {
+    var val = filter(cursor);
+    writeValue.call(encoder, val);
+    inputValues.push(val);
+  }
+
+  // Encode positive values.
+  for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+    var val = filter(cursor);
+    writeValue.call(encoder, val);
+    inputValues.push(val);
+  }
+
+  var decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(encoder.end());
+
+  // Check zero and limits.
+  assertEquals(filter(lowerLimit), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(-epsilon), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(0), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(epsilon), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(upperLimit), readValue.call(decoder));
+
+  // Verify decoded values.
+  for (var i = 0; i < inputValues.length; i++) {
+    assertEquals(inputValues[i], readValue.call(decoder));
+  }
+
+  // Encoding values outside the valid range should assert.
+  assertThrows(function() {writeValue.call(encoder, lowerLimit * 1.1);});
+  assertThrows(function() {writeValue.call(encoder, upperLimit * 1.1);});
+}
+
+describe('binaryDecoderTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests the decoder instance cache.
+   */
+  it('testInstanceCache', /** @suppress {visibility} */ function() {
+    // Empty the instance caches.
+    jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_ = [];
+
+    // Allocating and then freeing a decoder should put it in the instance
+    // cache.
+    jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc().free();
+
+    assertEquals(1, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Allocating and then freeing three decoders should leave us with three in
+    // the cache.
+
+    var decoder1 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    var decoder2 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    var decoder3 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    decoder1.free();
+    decoder2.free();
+    decoder3.free();
+
+    assertEquals(3, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests reading 64-bit integers as hash strings.
+   */
+  it('testHashStrings', function() {
+    var encoder = new jspb.BinaryEncoder();
+
+    var hashA = String.fromCharCode(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
+    var hashB = String.fromCharCode(0x12, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
+    var hashC = String.fromCharCode(0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78,
+                                    0x87, 0x65, 0x43, 0x21);
+    var hashD = String.fromCharCode(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+                                    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF);
+
+    encoder.writeVarintHash64(hashA);
+    encoder.writeVarintHash64(hashB);
+    encoder.writeVarintHash64(hashC);
+    encoder.writeVarintHash64(hashD);
+
+    encoder.writeFixedHash64(hashA);
+    encoder.writeFixedHash64(hashB);
+    encoder.writeFixedHash64(hashC);
+    encoder.writeFixedHash64(hashD);
+
+    var decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(encoder.end());
+
+    assertEquals(hashA, decoder.readVarintHash64());
+    assertEquals(hashB, decoder.readVarintHash64());
+    assertEquals(hashC, decoder.readVarintHash64());
+    assertEquals(hashD, decoder.readVarintHash64());
+
+    assertEquals(hashA, decoder.readFixedHash64());
+    assertEquals(hashB, decoder.readFixedHash64());
+    assertEquals(hashC, decoder.readFixedHash64());
+    assertEquals(hashD, decoder.readFixedHash64());
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Verifies that misuse of the decoder class triggers assertions.
+   * @suppress {checkTypes|visibility}
+   */
+  it('testDecodeErrors', function() {
+    // Reading a value past the end of the stream should trigger an assertion.
+    var decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc([0, 1, 2]);
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readUint64()});
+
+    // Overlong varints should trigger assertions.
+    decoder.setBlock([255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+                      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0]);
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readUnsignedVarint64()});
+    decoder.reset();
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readSignedVarint64()});
+    decoder.reset();
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readZigzagVarint64()});
+    decoder.reset();
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readUnsignedVarint32()});
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of unsigned integers.
+   */
+  it('testUnsignedIntegers', function() {
+    doTestUnsignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint8,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint8,
+        1, 0xFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint16,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint16,
+        1, 0xFFFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint32,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint32,
+        1, 0xFFFFFFFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint64,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint64,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 64) - 1025, Math.round);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of signed integers.
+   */
+  it('testSignedIntegers', function() {
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt8,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt8,
+        1, -0x80, 0x7F, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt16,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt16,
+        1, -0x8000, 0x7FFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt32,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt32,
+        1, -0x80000000, 0x7FFFFFFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt64,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt64,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 63), Math.pow(2, 63) - 513, Math.round);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of floats.
+   */
+  it('testFloats', function() {
+    /**
+     * @param {number} x
+     * @return {number}
+     */
+    function truncate(x) {
+      var temp = new Float32Array(1);
+      temp[0] = x;
+      return temp[0];
+    }
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readFloat,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeFloat,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_EPS,
+        -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX,
+        truncate);
+
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readDouble,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeDouble,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_EPS * 10,
+        -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MAX,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MAX,
+        function(x) { return x; });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/proto_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/proto_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..136483457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/proto_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,628 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+
+goog.require('goog.crypt.base64');
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.Message');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: ../testbinary_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBool');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBytes');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalDouble');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFloat');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalForeignEnum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalString');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedBoolList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedDoubleList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFloatList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedForeignEnumList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBoolList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBytesList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedDoubleList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFloatList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedForeignEnumList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedStringList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint64List');
+
+
+var suite = {};
+
+var BYTES = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 8, 9]);
+
+var BYTES_B64 = goog.crypt.base64.encodeByteArray(BYTES);
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: fill all fields on a TestAllTypes message.
+ * @param {proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes} msg
+ */
+function fillAllFields(msg) {
+  msg.setOptionalInt32(-42);
+  // can be exactly represented by JS number (64-bit double, i.e., 52-bit
+  // mantissa).
+  msg.setOptionalInt64(-0x7fffffff00000000);
+  msg.setOptionalUint32(0x80000000);
+  msg.setOptionalUint64(0xf000000000000000);
+  msg.setOptionalSint32(-100);
+  msg.setOptionalSint64(-0x8000000000000000);
+  msg.setOptionalFixed32(1234);
+  msg.setOptionalFixed64(0x1234567800000000);
+  msg.setOptionalSfixed32(-1234);
+  msg.setOptionalSfixed64(-0x1234567800000000);
+  msg.setOptionalFloat(1.5);
+  msg.setOptionalDouble(-1.5);
+  msg.setOptionalBool(true);
+  msg.setOptionalString('hello world');
+  msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+  msg.setOptionalGroup(new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup());
+  msg.getOptionalGroup().setA(100);
+  var submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+  submsg.setC(16);
+  msg.setOptionalForeignMessage(submsg);
+  msg.setOptionalForeignEnum(proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+  msg.setOneofString('oneof');
+
+
+  msg.setRepeatedInt32List([-42]);
+  msg.setRepeatedInt64List([-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedUint32List([0x80000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedUint64List([0xf000000000000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedSint32List([-100]);
+  msg.setRepeatedSint64List([-0x8000000000000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedFixed32List([1234]);
+  msg.setRepeatedFixed64List([0x1234567800000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedSfixed32List([-1234]);
+  msg.setRepeatedSfixed64List([-0x1234567800000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedFloatList([1.5]);
+  msg.setRepeatedDoubleList([-1.5]);
+  msg.setRepeatedBoolList([true]);
+  msg.setRepeatedStringList(['hello world']);
+  msg.setRepeatedBytesList([BYTES, BYTES]);
+  msg.setRepeatedGroupList([new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup()]);
+  msg.getRepeatedGroupList()[0].setA(100);
+  submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+  submsg.setC(1000);
+  msg.setRepeatedForeignMessageList([submsg]);
+  msg.setRepeatedForeignEnumList([proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedInt32List([-42]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedInt64List([-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedUint32List([0x80000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedUint64List([0xf000000000000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedSint32List([-100]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedSint64List([-0x8000000000000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedFixed32List([1234]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedFixed64List([0x1234567800000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedSfixed32List([-1234]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedSfixed64List([-0x1234567800000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedFloatList([1.5]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedDoubleList([-1.5]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedBoolList([true]);
+
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: compare a bytes field to an expected value
+ * @param {Uint8Array|string} arr
+ * @param {Uint8Array} expected
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+function bytesCompare(arr, expected) {
+  if (typeof arr === 'string') {
+    arr = goog.crypt.base64.decodeStringToUint8Array(arr);
+  }
+  if (arr.length != expected.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+    if (arr[i] != expected[i]) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: verify contents of given TestAllTypes message as set by
+ * fillAllFields().
+ * @param {proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes} original
+ * @param {proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes} copy
+ */
+function checkAllFields(original, copy) {
+  assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(original, copy));
+
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalInt32(), -42);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalInt64(), -0x7fffffff00000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalUint32(), 0x80000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalUint64(), 0xf000000000000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalSint32(), -100);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalSint64(), -0x8000000000000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalFixed32(), 1234);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalFixed64(), 0x1234567800000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalSfixed32(), -1234);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalSfixed64(), -0x1234567800000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalFloat(), 1.5);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalDouble(), -1.5);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalBool(), true);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalString(), 'hello world');
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+  assertEquals(
+      copy.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), goog.crypt.base64.encodeByteArray(BYTES));
+
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalGroup().getA(), 100);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalForeignMessage().getC(), 16);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalForeignEnum(),
+      proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+
+
+  assertEquals(copy.getOneofString(), 'oneof');
+  assertEquals(copy.getOneofFieldCase(),
+      proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_STRING);
+
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedInt32List(), [-42]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedInt64List(), [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedUint32List(), [0x80000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedUint64List(), [0xf000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedSint32List(), [-100]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedSint64List(), [-0x8000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedFixed32List(), [1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedFixed64List(), [0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedSfixed32List(), [-1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedSfixed64List(), [-0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedFloatList(), [1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedDoubleList(), [-1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedBoolList(), [true]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedStringList(), ['hello world']);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedBytesList().length, 2);
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[0], BYTES));
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getRepeatedBytesList()[0], BYTES));
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[1], BYTES));
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[0], BYTES_B64);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[1], BYTES_B64);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedGroupList().length, 1);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedGroupList()[0].getA(), 100);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedForeignMessageList().length, 1);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedForeignMessageList()[0].getC(), 1000);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedForeignEnumList(),
+      [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedInt32List(), [-42]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedInt64List(),
+      [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedUint32List(), [0x80000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedUint64List(),
+      [0xf000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedSint32List(), [-100]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedSint64List(),
+      [-0x8000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedFixed32List(), [1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedFixed64List(),
+      [0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedSfixed32List(), [-1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedSfixed64List(),
+      [-0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedFloatList(), [1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedDoubleList(), [-1.5]);
+
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: verify that all expected extensions are present.
+ * @param {!proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable} msg
+ */
+function checkExtensions(msg) {
+  assertEquals(-42,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt32));
+  assertEquals(-0x7fffffff00000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt64));
+  assertEquals(0x80000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint32));
+  assertEquals(0xf000000000000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint64));
+  assertEquals(-100,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint32));
+  assertEquals(-0x8000000000000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint64));
+  assertEquals(1234,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed32));
+  assertEquals(0x1234567800000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed64));
+  assertEquals(-1234,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed32));
+  assertEquals(-0x1234567800000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed64));
+  assertEquals(1.5,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFloat));
+  assertEquals(-1.5,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalDouble));
+  assertEquals(true,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBool));
+  assertEquals('hello world',
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalString));
+  assertEquals(
+      true, bytesCompare(
+                msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBytes), BYTES));
+  assertEquals(16,
+      msg.getExtension(
+          proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage.optionalExtension).getFoo());
+
+
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt32List),
+      [-42]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt64List),
+      [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint32List),
+      [0x80000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint64List),
+      [0xf000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint32List),
+      [-100]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint64List),
+      [-0x8000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed32List),
+      [1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed64List),
+      [0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed32List),
+      [-1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed64List),
+      [-0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFloatList),
+      [1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedDoubleList),
+      [-1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBoolList),
+      [true]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedStringList),
+      ['hello world']);
+  assertEquals(
+      true,
+      bytesCompare(
+          msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBytesList)[0], BYTES));
+  assertEquals(1000,
+      msg.getExtension(
+          proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage.repeatedExtensionList)[0]
+      .getFoo());
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedForeignEnumList),
+      [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt32List),
+      [-42]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt64List),
+      [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint32List),
+      [0x80000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint64List),
+      [0xf000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint32List),
+      [-100]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint64List),
+      [-0x8000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed32List),
+      [1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed64List),
+      [0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed32List),
+      [-1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed64List),
+      [-0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFloatList),
+      [1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedDoubleList),
+      [-1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedBoolList),
+      [true]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedForeignEnumList),
+      [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+}
+
+
+describe('protoBinaryTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests a basic serialization-deserializaton round-trip with all supported
+   * field types (on the TestAllTypes message type).
+   */
+  it('testRoundTrip', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+    fillAllFields(msg);
+    var encoded = msg.serializeBinary();
+    var decoded = proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.deserializeBinary(encoded);
+    checkAllFields(msg, decoded);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Test that base64 string and Uint8Array are interchangeable in bytes fields.
+   */
+  it('testBytesFieldsGettersInterop', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+    // Set from a base64 string and check all the getters work.
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES_B64);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    // Test binary serialize round trip doesn't break it.
+    msg = proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.deserializeBinary(msg.serializeBinary());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+    // Set from a Uint8Array and check all the getters work.
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Test that bytes setters will receive result of any of the getters.
+   */
+  it('testBytesFieldsSettersInterop', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(msg.getOptionalBytes());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Test that bytes setters will receive result of any of the getters.
+   */
+  it('testRepeatedBytesGetters', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+
+    function assertGetters() {
+      assertTrue(typeof msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[0] === 'string');
+      assertTrue(typeof msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[1] === 'string');
+      assertTrue(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[0] instanceof Uint8Array);
+      assertTrue(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[1] instanceof Uint8Array);
+
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList()[0], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList()[1], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[0], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[1], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[0], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[1], BYTES));
+    }
+
+    msg.setRepeatedBytesList([BYTES, BYTES]);
+    assertGetters();
+
+    msg.setRepeatedBytesList([BYTES_B64, BYTES_B64]);
+    assertGetters();
+
+    msg.setRepeatedBytesList(null);
+    assertEquals(0, msg.getRepeatedBytesList().length);
+    assertEquals(0, msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64().length);
+    assertEquals(0, msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8().length);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Helper: fill all extension values.
+   * @param {proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable} msg
+   */
+  function fillExtensions(msg) {
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt32, -42);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt64, -0x7fffffff00000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint32, 0x80000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint64, 0xf000000000000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint32, -100);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint64, -0x8000000000000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed32, 1234);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed64, 0x1234567800000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed32, -1234);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed64, -0x1234567800000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFloat, 1.5);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalDouble, -1.5);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBool, true);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalString, 'hello world');
+    msg.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBytes, BYTES);
+    var submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage();
+    submsg.setFoo(16);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage.optionalExtension, submsg);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalForeignEnum,
+        proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+
+
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt32List, [-42]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt64List, [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint32List, [0x80000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint64List, [0xf000000000000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint32List, [-100]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint64List, [-0x8000000000000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed32List, [1234]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed64List, [0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed32List, [-1234]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed64List, [-0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFloatList, [1.5]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedDoubleList, [-1.5]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBoolList, [true]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedStringList, ['hello world']);
+    msg.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBytesList, [BYTES]);
+    submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage();
+    submsg.setFoo(1000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage.repeatedExtensionList, [submsg]);
+    msg.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedForeignEnumList,
+        [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt32List, [-42]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt64List, [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint32List, [0x80000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint64List, [0xf000000000000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint32List, [-100]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint64List, [-0x8000000000000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed32List, [1234]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed64List, [0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed32List, [-1234]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed64List,
+        [-0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFloatList, [1.5]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedDoubleList, [-1.5]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedBoolList, [true]);
+    msg.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedForeignEnumList,
+        [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests extension serialization and deserialization.
+   */
+  it('testExtensions', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable();
+    fillExtensions(msg);
+    var encoded = msg.serializeBinary();
+    var decoded = proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable.deserializeBinary(encoded);
+    checkExtensions(decoded);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/reader_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/reader_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..957113859
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/reader_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,922 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for jspb's binary protocol buffer reader.
+ *
+ * There are two particular magic numbers that need to be pointed out -
+ * 2^64-1025 is the largest number representable as both a double and an
+ * unsigned 64-bit integer, and 2^63-513 is the largest number representable as
+ * both a double and a signed 64-bit integer.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryDecoder');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryReader');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+
+
+
+describe('binaryReaderTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests the reader instance cache.
+   */
+  it('testInstanceCaches', /** @suppress {visibility} */ function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+    writer.writeMessage(1, dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+    writer.writeMessage(2, dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+
+    var buffer = writer.getResultBuffer();
+
+    // Empty the instance caches.
+    jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_ = [];
+
+    // Allocating and then freeing three decoders should leave us with three in
+    // the cache.
+
+    var decoder1 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    var decoder2 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    var decoder3 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    decoder1.free();
+    decoder2.free();
+    decoder3.free();
+
+    assertEquals(3, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Allocating and then freeing a reader should remove one decoder from its
+    // cache, but it should stay stuck to the reader afterwards since we can't
+    // have a reader without a decoder.
+    jspb.BinaryReader.alloc().free();
+
+    assertEquals(2, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(1, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Allocating a reader should remove a reader from the cache.
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(buffer);
+
+    assertEquals(2, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Processing the message reuses the current reader.
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+    });
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+    });
+
+    assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+
+    assertEquals(2, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Freeing the reader should put it back into the cache.
+    reader.free();
+
+    assertEquals(2, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(1, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * @param {number} x
+   * @return {number}
+   */
+  function truncate(x) {
+    var temp = new Float32Array(1);
+    temp[0] = x;
+    return temp[0];
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Verifies that misuse of the reader class triggers assertions.
+   */
+  it('testReadErrors', /** @suppress {checkTypes|visibility} */ function() {
+    // Calling readMessage on a non-delimited field should trigger an
+    // assertion.
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([8, 1]);
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertThrows(function() {
+      reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+    });
+
+    // Reading past the end of the stream should trigger an assertion.
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([9, 1]);
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readFixed64()});
+
+    // Reading past the end of a submessage should trigger an assertion.
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([10, 4, 13, 1, 1, 1]);
+    reader.nextField();
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertThrows(function() {reader.readFixed32()});
+    });
+
+    // Skipping an invalid field should trigger an assertion.
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([12, 1]);
+    reader.nextWireType_ = 1000;
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.skipField()});
+
+    // Reading fields with the wrong wire type should assert.
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readInt32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readInt32String()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readInt64()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readInt64String()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readUint32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readUint32String()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readUint64()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readUint64String()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readSint32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readBool()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readEnum()});
+
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([8, 1]);
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readFixed32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readFixed64()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readSfixed32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readSfixed64()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readFloat()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readDouble()});
+
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readString()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readBytes()});
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of unsigned field types.
+   * @param {Function} readField
+   * @param {Function} writeField
+   * @param {number} epsilon
+   * @param {number} upperLimit
+   * @param {Function} filter
+   * @private
+   * @suppress {missingProperties}
+   */
+  var doTestUnsignedField_ = function(readField,
+      writeField, epsilon, upperLimit, filter) {
+    assertNotNull(readField);
+    assertNotNull(writeField);
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    // Encode zero and limits.
+    writeField.call(writer, 1, filter(0));
+    writeField.call(writer, 2, filter(epsilon));
+    writeField.call(writer, 3, filter(upperLimit));
+
+    // Encode positive values.
+    for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+      writeField.call(writer, 4, filter(cursor));
+    }
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    // Check zero and limits.
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(0), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(epsilon), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(upperLimit), readField.call(reader));
+
+    // Check positive values.
+    for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      if (4 != reader.getFieldNumber()) throw 'fail!';
+      if (filter(cursor) != readField.call(reader)) throw 'fail!';
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of signed field types.
+   * @param {Function} readField
+   * @param {Function} writeField
+   * @param {number} epsilon
+   * @param {number} lowerLimit
+   * @param {number} upperLimit
+   * @param {Function} filter
+   * @private
+   * @suppress {missingProperties}
+   */
+  var doTestSignedField_ = function(readField,
+      writeField, epsilon, lowerLimit, upperLimit, filter) {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    // Encode zero and limits.
+    writeField.call(writer, 1, filter(lowerLimit));
+    writeField.call(writer, 2, filter(-epsilon));
+    writeField.call(writer, 3, filter(0));
+    writeField.call(writer, 4, filter(epsilon));
+    writeField.call(writer, 5, filter(upperLimit));
+
+    var inputValues = [];
+
+    // Encode negative values.
+    for (var cursor = lowerLimit; cursor < -epsilon; cursor /= 1.1) {
+      var val = filter(cursor);
+      writeField.call(writer, 6, val);
+      inputValues.push({
+        fieldNumber: 6,
+        value: val
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Encode positive values.
+    for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+      var val = filter(cursor);
+      writeField.call(writer, 7, val);
+      inputValues.push({
+        fieldNumber: 7,
+        value: val
+      });
+    }
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    // Check zero and limits.
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(lowerLimit), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(-epsilon), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(0), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(4, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(epsilon), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(5, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(upperLimit), readField.call(reader));
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < inputValues.length; i++) {
+      var expected = inputValues[i];
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(expected.fieldNumber, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(expected.value, readField.call(reader));
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests fields that use varint encoding.
+   */
+  it('testVarintFields', function() {
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint32);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint32);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint64);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint64);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readBool);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeBool);
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint32,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 32) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint64,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 64) - 1025, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readInt32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeInt32,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 31), Math.pow(2, 31) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readInt64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeInt64,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 63), Math.pow(2, 63) - 513, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readEnum,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeEnum,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 31), Math.pow(2, 31) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readBool,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeBool,
+        1, 1, function(x) { return !!x; });
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests reading a field from hexadecimal string (format: '08 BE EF').
+   * @param {Function} readField
+   * @param {number} expected
+   * @param {string} hexString
+   */
+  function doTestHexStringVarint_(readField, expected, hexString) {
+    var bytesCount = (hexString.length + 1) / 3;
+    var bytes = new Uint8Array(bytesCount);
+    for (var i = 0; i < bytesCount; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = parseInt(hexString.substring(i * 3, i * 3 + 2), 16);
+    }
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(bytes);
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(expected, readField.call(reader));
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests non-canonical redundant varint decoding.
+   */
+  it('testRedundantVarintFields', function() {
+    assertNotNull(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint32);
+    assertNotNull(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint64);
+    assertNotNull(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint32);
+    assertNotNull(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint64);
+
+    // uint32 and sint32 take no more than 5 bytes
+    // 08 - field prefix (type = 0 means varint)
+    doTestHexStringVarint_(
+      jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint32,
+      12, '08 8C 80 80 80 00');
+
+    // 11 stands for -6 in zigzag encoding
+    doTestHexStringVarint_(
+      jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint32,
+      -6, '08 8B 80 80 80 00');
+
+    // uint64 and sint64 take no more than 10 bytes
+    // 08 - field prefix (type = 0 means varint)
+    doTestHexStringVarint_(
+      jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint64,
+      12, '08 8C 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 00');
+
+    // 11 stands for -6 in zigzag encoding
+    doTestHexStringVarint_(
+      jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint64,
+      -6, '08 8B 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 00');
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests 64-bit fields that are handled as strings.
+   */
+  it('testStringInt64Fields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var testSignedData = [
+      '2730538252207801776',
+      '-2688470994844604560',
+      '3398529779486536359',
+      '3568577411627971000',
+      '272477188847484900',
+      '-6649058714086158188',
+      '-7695254765712060806',
+      '-4525541438037104029',
+      '-4993706538836508568',
+      '4990160321893729138'
+    ];
+    var testUnsignedData = [
+      '7822732630241694882',
+      '6753602971916687352',
+      '2399935075244442116',
+      '8724292567325338867',
+      '16948784802625696584',
+      '4136275908516066934',
+      '3575388346793700364',
+      '5167142028379259461',
+      '1557573948689737699',
+      '17100725280812548567'
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testSignedData.length; i++) {
+      writer.writeInt64String(2 * i + 1, testSignedData[i]);
+      writer.writeUint64String(2 * i + 2, testUnsignedData[i]);
+    }
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testSignedData.length; i++) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(2 * i + 1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(testSignedData[i], reader.readInt64String());
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(2 * i + 2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(testUnsignedData[i], reader.readUint64String());
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests fields that use zigzag encoding.
+   */
+  it('testZigzagFields', function() {
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSint32,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 31), Math.pow(2, 31) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSint64,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 63), Math.pow(2, 63) - 513, Math.round);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests fields that use fixed-length encoding.
+   */
+  it('testFixedFields', function() {
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readFixed32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFixed32,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 32) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readFixed64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFixed64,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 64) - 1025, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSfixed32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSfixed32,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 31), Math.pow(2, 31) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSfixed64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSfixed64,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 63), Math.pow(2, 63) - 513, Math.round);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests floating point fields.
+   */
+  it('testFloatFields', function() {
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readFloat,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFloat,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MIN,
+        -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX,
+        truncate);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readDouble,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeDouble,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_EPS * 10,
+        -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MIN,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MIN,
+        function(x) { return x; });
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests length-delimited string fields.
+   */
+  it('testStringFields', function() {
+    var s1 = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.';
+    var s2 = '人人生而自由，在尊嚴和權利上一律平等。';
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    writer.writeString(1, s1);
+    writer.writeString(2, s2);
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(s1, reader.readString());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(s2, reader.readString());
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests length-delimited byte fields.
+   */
+  it('testByteFields', function() {
+    var message = [];
+    var lowerLimit = 1;
+    var upperLimit = 256;
+    var scale = 1.1;
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    for (var cursor = lowerLimit; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+      var len = Math.round(cursor);
+      var bytes = [];
+      for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) bytes.push(i % 256);
+
+      writer.writeBytes(len, bytes);
+    }
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    for (var cursor = lowerLimit; reader.nextField(); cursor *= 1.1) {
+      var len = Math.round(cursor);
+      if (len != reader.getFieldNumber()) throw 'fail!';
+
+      var bytes = reader.readBytes();
+      if (len != bytes.length) throw 'fail!';
+      for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+        if (i % 256 != bytes[i]) throw 'fail!';
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests nested messages.
+   */
+  it('testNesting', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 100);
+
+    // Add one message with 3 int fields.
+    writer.writeMessage(2, dummyMessage, function() {
+      writer.writeInt32(3, 300);
+      writer.writeInt32(4, 400);
+      writer.writeInt32(5, 500);
+    });
+
+    // Add one empty message.
+    writer.writeMessage(6, dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+
+    writer.writeInt32(7, 700);
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    // Validate outermost message.
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(100, reader.readInt32());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      // Validate embedded message 1.
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(300, reader.readInt32());
+
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(4, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(400, reader.readInt32());
+
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(5, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(500, reader.readInt32());
+
+      assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+    });
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(6, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      // Validate embedded message 2.
+
+      assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+    });
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(7, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(700, reader.readInt32());
+
+    assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Tests skipping fields of each type by interleaving them with sentinel
+   * values and skipping everything that's not a sentinel.
+   */
+  it('testSkipField', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var sentinel = 123456789;
+
+    // Write varint fields of different sizes.
+    writer.writeInt32(1, sentinel);
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 1);
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 1000);
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 1000000);
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 1000000000);
+
+    // Write fixed 64-bit encoded fields.
+    writer.writeInt32(2, sentinel);
+    writer.writeDouble(2, 1);
+    writer.writeFixed64(2, 1);
+    writer.writeSfixed64(2, 1);
+
+    // Write fixed 32-bit encoded fields.
+    writer.writeInt32(3, sentinel);
+    writer.writeFloat(3, 1);
+    writer.writeFixed32(3, 1);
+    writer.writeSfixed32(3, 1);
+
+    // Write delimited fields.
+    writer.writeInt32(4, sentinel);
+    writer.writeBytes(4, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]);
+    writer.writeString(4, 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog');
+
+    // Write a group with a nested group inside.
+    writer.writeInt32(5, sentinel);
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+    writer.writeGroup(5, dummyMessage, function() {
+      writer.writeInt64(42, 42);
+      writer.writeGroup(6, dummyMessage, function() {
+        writer.writeInt64(84, 42);
+      });
+    });
+
+    // Write final sentinel.
+    writer.writeInt32(6, sentinel);
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    function skip(field, count) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        reader.nextField();
+        if (field != reader.getFieldNumber()) throw 'fail!';
+        reader.skipField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(1, 4);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(2, 3);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(3, 3);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(4, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(4, 2);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(5, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(5, 1);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(6, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests packed fields.
+   */
+  it('testPackedFields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var sentinel = 123456789;
+
+    var unsignedData = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
+    var signedData = [-1, 2, -3, 4, -5, 6, -7, 8, -9, 10];
+    var floatData = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 7.7, 8.8, 9.9, 10.10];
+    var doubleData = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 7.7, 8.8, 9.9, 10.10];
+    var boolData = [true, false, true, true, false, false, true, false];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < floatData.length; i++) {
+      floatData[i] = truncate(floatData[i]);
+    }
+
+    writer.writeInt32(1, sentinel);
+
+    writer.writePackedInt32(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedInt64(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedUint32(2, unsignedData);
+    writer.writePackedUint64(2, unsignedData);
+    writer.writePackedSint32(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedSint64(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedFixed32(2, unsignedData);
+    writer.writePackedFixed64(2, unsignedData);
+    writer.writePackedSfixed32(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedSfixed64(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedFloat(2, floatData);
+    writer.writePackedDouble(2, doubleData);
+    writer.writePackedBool(2, boolData);
+    writer.writePackedEnum(2, unsignedData);
+
+    writer.writeInt32(3, sentinel);
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedInt32(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedInt64(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedUint32(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedUint64(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedSint32(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedSint64(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedFixed32(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedFixed64(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedSfixed32(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedSfixed64(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedFloat(), floatData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedDouble(), doubleData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedBool(), boolData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedEnum(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Byte blobs inside nested messages should always have their byte offset set
+   * relative to the start of the outermost blob, not the start of their parent
+   * blob.
+   */
+  it('testNestedBlobs', function() {
+    // Create a proto consisting of two nested messages, with the inner one
+    // containing a blob of bytes.
+
+    var fieldTag = (1 << 3) | jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED;
+    var blob = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+
+    writer.writeMessage(1, dummyMessage, function() {
+      writer.writeMessage(1, dummyMessage, function() {
+        writer.writeBytes(1, blob);
+      });
+    });
+
+    // Peel off the outer two message layers. Each layer should have two bytes
+    // of overhead, one for the field tag and one for the length of the inner
+    // blob.
+
+    var decoder1 = new jspb.BinaryDecoder(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(fieldTag, decoder1.readUnsignedVarint32());
+    assertEquals(blob.length + 4, decoder1.readUnsignedVarint32());
+
+    var decoder2 = new jspb.BinaryDecoder(decoder1.readBytes(blob.length + 4));
+    assertEquals(fieldTag, decoder2.readUnsignedVarint32());
+    assertEquals(blob.length + 2, decoder2.readUnsignedVarint32());
+
+    assertEquals(fieldTag, decoder2.readUnsignedVarint32());
+    assertEquals(blob.length, decoder2.readUnsignedVarint32());
+    var bytes = decoder2.readBytes(blob.length);
+
+    assertElementsEquals(bytes, blob);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests read callbacks.
+   */
+  it('testReadCallbacks', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+
+    // Add an int, a submessage, and another int.
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 100);
+
+    writer.writeMessage(2, dummyMessage, function() {
+      writer.writeInt32(3, 300);
+      writer.writeInt32(4, 400);
+      writer.writeInt32(5, 500);
+    });
+
+    writer.writeInt32(7, 700);
+
+    // Create the reader and register a custom read callback.
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    /**
+     * @param {!jspb.BinaryReader} reader
+     * @return {*}
+     */
+    function readCallback(reader) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(300, reader.readInt32());
+
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(4, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(400, reader.readInt32());
+
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(5, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(500, reader.readInt32());
+
+      assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+    };
+
+    reader.registerReadCallback('readCallback', readCallback);
+
+    // Read the container message.
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(100, reader.readInt32());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      // Decode the embedded message using the registered callback.
+      reader.runReadCallback('readCallback');
+    });
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(7, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(700, reader.readInt32());
+
+    assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/utils_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/utils_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abc36aac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/utils_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for jspb's helper functions.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.crypt.base64');
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+goog.require('jspb.utils');
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} x
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+function truncate(x) {
+  var temp = new Float32Array(1);
+  temp[0] = x;
+  return temp[0];
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts an 64-bit integer in split representation to a 64-bit hash string
+ * (8 bits encoded per character).
+ * @param {number} bitsLow The low 32 bits of the split 64-bit integer.
+ * @param {number} bitsHigh The high 32 bits of the split 64-bit integer.
+ * @return {string} The encoded hash string, 8 bits per character.
+ */
+function toHashString(bitsLow, bitsHigh) {
+  return String.fromCharCode((bitsLow >>> 0) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsLow >>> 8) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsLow >>> 16) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsLow >>> 24) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsHigh >>> 0) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsHigh >>> 8) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsHigh >>> 16) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsHigh >>> 24) & 0xFF);
+}
+
+
+describe('binaryUtilsTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests lossless binary-to-decimal conversion.
+   */
+  it('testDecimalConversion', function() {
+    // Check some magic numbers.
+    var result =
+        jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x89e80001, 0x8ac72304);
+    assertEquals('10000000000000000001', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0xacd05f15, 0x1b69b4b);
+    assertEquals('123456789123456789', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0xeb1f0ad2, 0xab54a98c);
+    assertEquals('12345678901234567890', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0xe3b70cb1, 0x891087b8);
+    assertEquals('9876543210987654321', result);
+
+    // Check limits.
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00000000);
+    assertEquals('0', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    assertEquals('18446744073709551615', result);
+
+    // Check each bit of the low dword.
+    for (var i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+      var low = (1 << i) >>> 0;
+      result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(low, 0);
+      assertEquals('' + Math.pow(2, i), result);
+    }
+
+    // Check the first 20 bits of the high dword.
+    for (var i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+      var high = (1 << i) >>> 0;
+      result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0, high);
+      assertEquals('' + Math.pow(2, 32 + i), result);
+    }
+
+    // V8's internal double-to-string conversion is inaccurate for values above
+    // 2^52, even if they're representable integers - check the rest of the bits
+    // manually against the correct string representations of 2^N.
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00100000);
+    assertEquals('4503599627370496', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00200000);
+    assertEquals('9007199254740992', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00400000);
+    assertEquals('18014398509481984', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00800000);
+    assertEquals('36028797018963968', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x01000000);
+    assertEquals('72057594037927936', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x02000000);
+    assertEquals('144115188075855872', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x04000000);
+    assertEquals('288230376151711744', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x08000000);
+    assertEquals('576460752303423488', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x10000000);
+    assertEquals('1152921504606846976', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x20000000);
+    assertEquals('2305843009213693952', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x40000000);
+    assertEquals('4611686018427387904', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x80000000);
+    assertEquals('9223372036854775808', result);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Going from hash strings to decimal strings should also be lossless.
+   */
+  it('testHashToDecimalConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.hash64ToDecimalString;
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x00000000), false);
+    assertEquals('0', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x00000000), true);
+    assertEquals('0', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF), false);
+    assertEquals('18446744073709551615', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF), true);
+    assertEquals('-1', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x80000000), false);
+    assertEquals('9223372036854775808', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x80000000), true);
+    assertEquals('-9223372036854775808', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0xacd05f15, 0x01b69b4b), false);
+    assertEquals('123456789123456789', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(~0xacd05f15 + 1, ~0x01b69b4b), true);
+    assertEquals('-123456789123456789', result);
+
+    // And converting arrays of hashes should work the same way.
+    result = jspb.utils.hash64ArrayToDecimalStrings([
+      toHashString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF),
+      toHashString(0x00000000, 0x80000000),
+      toHashString(0xacd05f15, 0x01b69b4b)], false);
+    assertEquals(3, result.length);
+    assertEquals('18446744073709551615', result[0]);
+    assertEquals('9223372036854775808', result[1]);
+    assertEquals('123456789123456789', result[2]);
+  });
+
+  /*
+   * Going from decimal strings to hash strings should be lossless.
+   */
+  it('testDecimalToHashConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.decimalStringToHash64;
+
+    result = convert('0');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+      [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]), result);
+
+    result = convert('-1');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+      [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF]), result);
+
+    result = convert('18446744073709551615');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+      [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF]), result);
+
+    result = convert('9223372036854775808');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+      [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80]), result);
+
+    result = convert('-9223372036854775808');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+      [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80]), result);
+
+    result = convert('123456789123456789');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+      [0x15, 0x5F, 0xD0, 0xAC, 0x4B, 0x9B, 0xB6, 0x01]), result);
+
+    result = convert('-123456789123456789');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+      [0xEB, 0xA0, 0x2F, 0x53, 0xB4, 0x64, 0x49, 0xFE]), result);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Going from hash strings to hex strings should be lossless.
+   */
+  it('testHashToHexConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString;
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x00000000));
+    assertEquals('0x0000000000000000', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF));
+    assertEquals('0xffffffffffffffff', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0));
+    assertEquals('0x9abcdef012345678', result);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Going from hex strings to hash strings should be lossless.
+   */
+  it('testHexToHashConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.hexStringToHash64;
+
+    result = convert('0x0000000000000000');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+        [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]), result);
+
+    result = convert('0xffffffffffffffff');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+        [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF]), result);
+
+    // Hex string is big-endian, hash string is little-endian.
+    result = convert('0x123456789ABCDEF0');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+        [0xF0, 0xDE, 0xBC, 0x9A, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12]), result);
+
+    // Capitalization should not matter.
+    result = convert('0x0000abcdefABCDEF');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+        [0xEF, 0xCD, 0xAB, 0xEF, 0xCD, 0xAB, 0x00, 0x00]), result);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Going from numbers to hash strings should be lossless for up to 53 bits of
+   * precision.
+   */
+  it('testNumberToHashConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.numberToHash64;
+
+    result = convert(0x0000000000000);
+    assertEquals('0x0000000000000000', jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result));
+
+    result = convert(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
+    assertEquals('0x000fffffffffffff', jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result));
+
+    result = convert(0x123456789ABCD);
+    assertEquals('0x000123456789abcd', jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result));
+
+    result = convert(0xDCBA987654321);
+    assertEquals('0x000dcba987654321', jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result));
+
+    // 53 bits of precision should not be truncated.
+    result = convert(0x10000000000001);
+    assertEquals('0x0010000000000001', jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result));
+
+    // 54 bits of precision should be truncated.
+    result = convert(0x20000000000001);
+    assertNotEquals(
+        '0x0020000000000001', jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Sanity check the behavior of Javascript's strings when doing funny things
+   * with unicode characters.
+   */
+  it('sanityCheckUnicodeStrings', function() {
+    var strings = new Array(65536);
+
+    // All possible unsigned 16-bit values should be storable in a string, they
+    // shouldn't do weird things with the length of the string, and they should
+    // come back out of the string unchanged.
+    for (var i = 0; i < 65536; i++) {
+      strings[i] = 'a' + String.fromCharCode(i) + 'a';
+      if (3 != strings[i].length) throw 'fail!';
+      if (i != strings[i].charCodeAt(1)) throw 'fail!';
+    }
+
+    // Each unicode character should compare equal to itself and not equal to a
+    // different unicode character.
+    for (var i = 0; i < 65536; i++) {
+      if (strings[i] != strings[i]) throw 'fail!';
+      if (strings[i] == strings[(i + 1) % 65536]) throw 'fail!';
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests conversion from 32-bit floating point numbers to split64 numbers.
+   */
+  it('testFloat32ToSplit64', function() {
+    var f32_eps = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_EPS;
+    var f32_min = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MIN;
+    var f32_max = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX;
+
+    // NaN.
+    jspb.utils.splitFloat32(NaN);
+    if (!isNaN(jspb.utils.joinFloat32(jspb.utils.split64Low,
+                                      jspb.utils.split64High))) {
+      throw 'fail!';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param {number} x
+     * @param {number=} opt_bits
+     */
+    function test(x, opt_bits) {
+      jspb.utils.splitFloat32(x);
+      if (opt_bits !== undefined) {
+        if (opt_bits != jspb.utils.split64Low) throw 'fail!';
+      }
+      if (truncate(x) != jspb.utils.joinFloat32(jspb.utils.split64Low,
+          jspb.utils.split64High)) {
+        throw 'fail!';
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Positive and negative infinity.
+    test(Infinity, 0x7f800000);
+    test(-Infinity, 0xff800000);
+
+    // Positive and negative zero.
+    test(0, 0x00000000);
+    test(-0, 0x80000000);
+
+    // Positive and negative epsilon.
+    test(f32_eps, 0x00000001);
+    test(-f32_eps, 0x80000001);
+
+    // Positive and negative min.
+    test(f32_min, 0x00800000);
+    test(-f32_min, 0x80800000);
+
+    // Positive and negative max.
+    test(f32_max, 0x7F7FFFFF);
+    test(-f32_max, 0xFF7FFFFF);
+
+    // Various positive values.
+    var cursor = f32_eps * 10;
+    while (cursor != Infinity) {
+      test(cursor);
+      cursor *= 1.1;
+    }
+
+    // Various negative values.
+    cursor = -f32_eps * 10;
+    while (cursor != -Infinity) {
+      test(cursor);
+      cursor *= 1.1;
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests conversion from 64-bit floating point numbers to split64 numbers.
+   */
+  it('testFloat64ToSplit64', function() {
+    var f64_eps = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_EPS;
+    var f64_min = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MIN;
+    var f64_max = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MAX;
+
+    // NaN.
+    jspb.utils.splitFloat64(NaN);
+    if (!isNaN(jspb.utils.joinFloat64(jspb.utils.split64Low,
+        jspb.utils.split64High))) {
+      throw 'fail!';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param {number} x
+     * @param {number=} opt_highBits
+     * @param {number=} opt_lowBits
+     */
+    function test(x, opt_highBits, opt_lowBits) {
+      jspb.utils.splitFloat64(x);
+      if (opt_highBits !== undefined) {
+        if (opt_highBits != jspb.utils.split64High) throw 'fail!';
+      }
+      if (opt_lowBits !== undefined) {
+        if (opt_lowBits != jspb.utils.split64Low) throw 'fail!';
+      }
+      if (x != jspb.utils.joinFloat64(jspb.utils.split64Low,
+          jspb.utils.split64High)) {
+        throw 'fail!';
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Positive and negative infinity.
+    test(Infinity, 0x7ff00000, 0x00000000);
+    test(-Infinity, 0xfff00000, 0x00000000);
+
+    // Positive and negative zero.
+    test(0, 0x00000000, 0x00000000);
+    test(-0, 0x80000000, 0x00000000);
+
+    // Positive and negative epsilon.
+    test(f64_eps, 0x00000000, 0x00000001);
+    test(-f64_eps, 0x80000000, 0x00000001);
+
+    // Positive and negative min.
+    test(f64_min, 0x00100000, 0x00000000);
+    test(-f64_min, 0x80100000, 0x00000000);
+
+    // Positive and negative max.
+    test(f64_max, 0x7FEFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    test(-f64_max, 0xFFEFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+
+    // Various positive values.
+    var cursor = f64_eps * 10;
+    while (cursor != Infinity) {
+      test(cursor);
+      cursor *= 1.1;
+    }
+
+    // Various negative values.
+    cursor = -f64_eps * 10;
+    while (cursor != -Infinity) {
+      test(cursor);
+      cursor *= 1.1;
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting packed varints.
+   */
+  it('testCountVarints', function() {
+    var values = [];
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      values.push(Math.floor(i));
+    }
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    writer.writePackedUint64(1, values);
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    // We should have two more varints than we started with - one for the field
+    // tag, one for the packed length.
+    assertEquals(values.length + 2,
+                 jspb.utils.countVarints(buffer, 0, buffer.length));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting matching varint fields.
+   */
+  it('testCountVarintFields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeUint64(1, Math.floor(i));
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countVarintFields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 1));
+
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeUint64(123456789, Math.floor(i));
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countVarintFields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 123456789));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting matching fixed32 fields.
+   */
+  it('testCountFixed32Fields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeFixed32(1, Math.floor(i));
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countFixed32Fields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 1));
+
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeFixed32(123456789, Math.floor(i));
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countFixed32Fields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 123456789));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting matching fixed64 fields.
+   */
+  it('testCountFixed64Fields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeDouble(1, i);
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countFixed64Fields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 1));
+
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeDouble(123456789, i);
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countFixed64Fields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 123456789));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting matching delimited fields.
+   */
+  it('testCountDelimitedFields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeBytes(1, [Math.floor(i)]);
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countDelimitedFields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 1));
+
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeBytes(123456789, [Math.floor(i)]);
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countDelimitedFields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 123456789));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests byte format for debug strings.
+   */
+  it('testDebugBytesToTextFormat', function() {
+    assertEquals('""', jspb.utils.debugBytesToTextFormat(null));
+    assertEquals('"\\x00\\x10\\xff"',
+        jspb.utils.debugBytesToTextFormat([0, 16, 255]));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests converting byte blob sources into byte blobs.
+   */
+  it('testByteSourceToUint8Array', function() {
+    var convert = jspb.utils.byteSourceToUint8Array;
+
+    var sourceData = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+      sourceData.push(i);
+    }
+
+    var sourceBytes = new Uint8Array(sourceData);
+    var sourceBuffer = sourceBytes.buffer;
+    var sourceBase64 = goog.crypt.base64.encodeByteArray(sourceData);
+    var sourceString = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, sourceData);
+
+    function check(result) {
+      assertEquals(Uint8Array, result.constructor);
+      assertEquals(sourceData.length, result.length);
+      for (var i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
+        assertEquals(sourceData[i], result[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Converting Uint8Arrays into Uint8Arrays should be a no-op.
+    assertEquals(sourceBytes, convert(sourceBytes));
+
+    // Converting Array.<numbers> into Uint8Arrays should work.
+    check(convert(sourceData));
+
+    // Converting ArrayBuffers into Uint8Arrays should work.
+    check(convert(sourceBuffer));
+
+    // Converting base64-encoded strings into Uint8Arrays should work.
+    check(convert(sourceBase64));
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/writer_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/writer_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5dadb413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/binary/writer_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for jspb's binary protocol buffer writer. In
+ * practice BinaryWriter is used to drive the Decoder and Reader test cases,
+ * so only writer-specific tests are here.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.crypt');
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {function()} func This function should throw an error when run.
+ */
+function assertFails(func) {
+  var e = assertThrows(func);
+  //assertNotNull(e.toString().match(/Error/));
+}
+
+
+describe('binaryWriterTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Verifies that misuse of the writer class triggers assertions.
+   */
+  it('testWriteErrors', function() {
+    // Submessages with invalid field indices should assert.
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+
+    assertFails(function() {
+      writer.writeMessage(-1, dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+    });
+
+    // Writing invalid field indices should assert.
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint64(-1, 1);});
+
+    // Writing out-of-range field values should assert.
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeInt32(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeInt32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeInt64(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeInt64(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint32(1, -1);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint64(1, -1);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint64(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSint32(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSint32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSint64(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSint64(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeFixed32(1, -1);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeFixed32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeFixed64(1, -1);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeFixed64(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSfixed32(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSfixed32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSfixed64(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSfixed64(1, Infinity);});
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Basic test of retrieving the result as a Uint8Array buffer
+   */
+  it('testGetResultBuffer', function() {
+    var expected = '0864120b48656c6c6f20776f726c641a0301020320c801';
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    writer.writeUint32(1, 100);
+    writer.writeString(2, 'Hello world');
+    writer.writeBytes(3, new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]));
+    writer.writeUint32(4, 200);
+
+    var buffer = writer.getResultBuffer();
+    assertEquals(expected, goog.crypt.byteArrayToHex(buffer));
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/export_asserts.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/export_asserts.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5219d120c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/export_asserts.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Exports symbols needed only by tests.
+ *
+ * This file exports several Closure Library symbols that are only
+ * used by tests.  It is used to generate a file
+ * closure_asserts_commonjs.js that is only used at testing time.
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+
+var global = Function('return this')();
+
+// All of the closure "assert" functions are exported at the global level.
+//
+// The Google Closure assert functions start with assert, eg.
+//   assertThrows
+//   assertNotThrows
+//   assertTrue
+//   ...
+//
+// The one exception is the "fail" function.
+function shouldExport(str) {
+  return str.lastIndexOf('assert') === 0 || str == 'fail';
+}
+
+for (var key in global) {
+  if ((typeof key == "string") && global.hasOwnProperty(key) &&
+      shouldExport(key)) {
+    exports[key] = global[key];
+  }
+}
+
+// The COMPILED variable is set by Closure compiler to "true" when it compiles
+// JavaScript, so in practice this is equivalent to "exports.COMPILED = true".
+// This will disable some debugging functionality in debug.js.  We could
+// investigate whether this can/should be enabled in CommonJS builds.
+exports.COMPILED = COMPILED
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/export_testdeps.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/export_testdeps.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59c77ca2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/export_testdeps.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Export symbols needed by tests in CommonJS style.
+ *
+ * This file is like export.js, but for symbols that are only used by tests.
+ * However we exclude assert functions here, because they are exported into
+ * the global namespace, so those are handled as a special case in
+ * export_asserts.js.
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.crypt.base64');
+goog.require('jspb.arith.Int64');
+goog.require('jspb.arith.UInt64');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryEncoder');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryDecoder');
+goog.require('jspb.utils');
+
+exports.goog = goog;
+exports.jspb = jspb;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/import_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/import_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffa34fea6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/import_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+
+
+
+var googleProtobuf = require('google-protobuf');
+var asserts = require('closure_asserts_commonjs');
+var global = Function('return this')();
+
+// Bring asserts into the global namespace.
+googleProtobuf.object.extend(global, asserts);
+googleProtobuf.exportSymbol('jspb.Message', googleProtobuf.Message, global);
+
+var test7_pb = require('./test7/test7_pb');
+googleProtobuf.exportSymbol('proto.jspb.test.framing.FramingMessage', test7_pb.FramingMessage, global);
+
+describe('Import test suite', function() {
+  it('testImportedMessage', function() {
+    var framing1 = new proto.jspb.test.framing.FramingMessage([]);
+    var framing2 = new proto.jspb.test.framing.FramingMessage([]);
+    assertObjectEquals(framing1.toObject(), framing2.toObject());
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/jasmine.json b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/jasmine.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..666b8edbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/jasmine.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "spec_dir": "",
+    "spec_files": [
+        "*_test.js",
+        "binary/proto_test.js"
+    ],
+    "helpers": [
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/rewrite_tests_for_commonjs.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/rewrite_tests_for_commonjs.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6d90d287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/rewrite_tests_for_commonjs.js
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Utility to translate test files to CommonJS imports.
+ *
+ * This is a somewhat hacky tool designed to do one very specific thing.
+ * All of the test files in *_test.js are written with Closure-style
+ * imports (goog.require()).  This works great for running the tests
+ * against Closure-style generated code, but we also want to run the
+ * tests against CommonJS-style generated code without having to fork
+ * the tests.
+ *
+ * Closure-style imports import each individual type by name.  This is
+ * very different than CommonJS imports which are by file.  So we put
+ * special comments in these tests like:
+ *
+ * // CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test_pb
+ * goog.require('proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension');
+ * goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Complex');
+ * goog.require('proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues');
+ *
+ * This script parses that special comment and uses it to generate proper
+ * CommonJS require() statements so that the tests can run and pass using
+ * CommonJS imports.  The script will change the above statements into:
+ *
+ *   var test_pb = require('test_pb');
+ *   googleProtobuf.exportSymbol('proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension', test_pb.CloneExtension, global);
+ *   googleProtobuf.exportSymbol('proto.jspb.test.Complex', test_pb.Complex, global);
+ *   googleProtobuf.exportSymbol('proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues', test_pb.DefaultValues, global);
+ *
+ * (The "exportSymbol" function will define the given names in the global
+ * namespace, taking care not to overwrite any previous value for
+ * "proto.jspb.test").
+ */
+
+var lineReader = require('readline').createInterface({
+  input: process.stdin,
+  output: process.stdout
+});
+
+function tryStripPrefix(str, prefix) {
+  if (str.lastIndexOf(prefix) !== 0) {
+    throw "String: " + str + " didn't start with: " + prefix;
+  }
+  return str.substr(prefix.length);
+}
+
+function camelCase(str) {
+  var ret = '';
+  var ucaseNext = false;
+  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+    if (str[i] == '-') {
+      ucaseNext = true;
+    } else if (ucaseNext) {
+      ret += str[i].toUpperCase();
+      ucaseNext = false;
+    } else {
+      ret += str[i];
+    }
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+var module = null;
+var pkg = null;
+
+// Header: goes in every file at the top.
+console.log("var global = Function('return this')();");
+console.log("var googleProtobuf = require('google-protobuf');");
+console.log("var testdeps = require('testdeps_commonjs');");
+console.log("global.goog = testdeps.goog;");
+console.log("global.jspb = testdeps.jspb;");
+console.log("var asserts = require('closure_asserts_commonjs');");
+console.log("");
+console.log("// Bring asserts into the global namespace.");
+console.log("googleProtobuf.object.extend(global, asserts);");
+
+lineReader.on('line', function(line) {
+  var isRequire = line.match(/goog\.require\('([^']*)'\)/);
+  var isLoadFromFile = line.match(/CommonJS-LoadFromFile: (\S*) (.*)/);
+  var isSetTestOnly = line.match(/goog.setTestOnly()/);
+  if (isRequire) {
+    if (module) {  // Skip goog.require() lines before the first directive.
+      var fullSym = isRequire[1];
+      var sym = tryStripPrefix(fullSym, pkg);
+      console.log("googleProtobuf.exportSymbol('" + fullSym + "', " + module + sym + ', global);');
+    }
+  } else if (isLoadFromFile) {
+    var module_path = isLoadFromFile[1].split('/');
+    module = camelCase(module_path[module_path.length - 1]);
+    pkg = isLoadFromFile[2];
+
+    if (module != "googleProtobuf") {  // We unconditionally require this in the header.
+      console.log("var " + module + " = require('./" + isLoadFromFile[1] + "');");
+    }
+  } else if (!isSetTestOnly) {  // Remove goog.setTestOnly() lines.
+    console.log(line);
+  }
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/test6/test6.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/test6/test6.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a060925f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/test6/test6.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.test.importing;
+
+message ImportedMessage {
+  string string_value = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/test7/test7.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/test7/test7.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5574a3dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/commonjs/test7/test7.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.test.framing;
+
+import "test6/test6.proto";
+
+message FramingMessage {
+  jspb.test.importing.ImportedMessage imported_message = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/data.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/data.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74a8a994c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/data.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: mwr@google.com (Mark Rawling)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+// legacy data, must be nested
+message data {
+  message NestedData {
+    required string str = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+// new data, does not require nesting
+message UnnestedData {
+  required string str = 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/debug_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/debug_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01cbf891a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/debug_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+goog.setTestOnly();
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: google-protobuf
+goog.require('jspb.debug');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test_pb
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.IsExtension');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Simple1');
+
+
+
+describe('debugTest', function() {
+  it('testSimple1', function() {
+    if (COMPILED) {
+      return;
+    }
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1();
+    message.setAString('foo');
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      $name: 'proto.jspb.test.Simple1',
+      'aString': 'foo',
+      'aRepeatedStringList': []
+    }, jspb.debug.dump(message));
+
+    message.setABoolean(true);
+    message.setARepeatedStringList(['1', '2']);
+
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      $name: 'proto.jspb.test.Simple1',
+      'aString': 'foo',
+      'aRepeatedStringList': ['1', '2'],
+      'aBoolean': true
+    }, jspb.debug.dump(message));
+
+    message.setAString(undefined);
+
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      $name: 'proto.jspb.test.Simple1',
+      'aRepeatedStringList': ['1', '2'],
+      'aBoolean': true
+    }, jspb.debug.dump(message));
+  });
+
+
+  it('testExtensions', function() {
+    if (COMPILED) {
+      return;
+    }
+    var extension = new proto.jspb.test.IsExtension();
+    extension.setExt1('ext1field');
+    var extendable = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions();
+    extendable.setStr1('v1');
+    extendable.setStr2('v2');
+    extendable.setStr3('v3');
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extension);
+
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      '$name': 'proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions',
+      'str1': 'v1',
+      'str2': 'v2',
+      'str3': 'v3',
+      '$extensions': {
+        'extField': {
+          '$name': 'proto.jspb.test.IsExtension',
+          'ext1': 'ext1field'
+        },
+        'repeatedSimpleList': []
+      }
+    }, jspb.debug.dump(extendable));
+  });
+
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/jasmine1.json b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/jasmine1.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6653c01cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/jasmine1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+    "spec_dir": "",
+    "spec_files": [
+        "*_test.js",
+        "binary/*_test.js"
+    ],
+    "helpers": [
+        "../../../js/node_modules/google-closure-library/closure/goog/bootstrap/nodejs.js",
+        "../../../js/node_loader.js",
+        "../../../js/deps.js",
+        "../../../js/google/protobuf/any.js",
+        "../../../js/google/protobuf/struct.js",
+        "../../../js/google/protobuf/timestamp.js",
+        "testproto_libs1.js",
+        "testproto_libs2.js"
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/jasmine2.json b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/jasmine2.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3208078f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/jasmine2.json
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+    "spec_dir": "",
+    "spec_files": [
+        "*_test.js",
+        "binary/*_test.js"
+    ],
+    "helpers": [
+        "../../../js/node_modules/google-closure-library/closure/goog/bootstrap/nodejs.js",
+        "../../../js/node_loader.js",
+        "../../../js/deps.js",
+        "../../../js/google/protobuf/any.js",
+        "../../../js/google/protobuf/struct.js",
+        "../../../js/google/protobuf/timestamp.js",
+        "testproto_libs1_new.js",
+        "testproto_libs2.js"
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/jasmine3.json b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/jasmine3.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3fb9a1b01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/jasmine3.json
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+    "spec_dir": "",
+    "spec_files": [
+        "*_test.js",
+        "binary/*_test.js"
+    ],
+    "helpers": [
+        "../../../js/node_modules/google-closure-library/closure/goog/bootstrap/nodejs.js",
+        "../../../js/node_loader.js",
+        "../../../js/deps.js",
+        "../../../js/google/protobuf/any.js",
+        "../../../js/google/protobuf/struct.js",
+        "../../../js/google/protobuf/timestamp.js",
+        "testproto_libs1.js",
+        "testproto_libs2_new.js"
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/message_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/message_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79a12e09c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/message_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1081 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+
+goog.setTestOnly();
+
+goog.require('goog.json');
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('goog.userAgent');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: google-protobuf jspb
+goog.require('jspb.Message');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test5_pb proto.jspb.exttest.beta
+goog.require('proto.jspb.exttest.beta.floatingStrField');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test3_pb proto.jspb.exttest
+goog.require('proto.jspb.exttest.floatingMsgField');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test4_pb proto.jspb.exttest
+goog.require('proto.jspb.exttest.floatingMsgFieldTwo');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Complex');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Empty');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.EnumContainer');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.floatingMsgField');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.FloatingPointFields');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.floatingStrField');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.IsExtension');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.OptionalFields');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.OuterEnum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.OuterMessage.Complex');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Simple1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Simple2');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.SpecialCases');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestClone');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestEndsWithBytes');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestGroup');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestGroup1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNames');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNamesExtension');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test2_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ExtensionMessage');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestExtensionsMessage');
+
+
+
+
+describe('Message test suite', function() {
+  it('testEmptyProto', function() {
+    var empty1 = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([]);
+    var empty2 = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([]);
+    assertObjectEquals({}, empty1.toObject());
+    assertObjectEquals('Message should not be corrupted:', empty2, empty1);
+  });
+
+  it('testTopLevelEnum', function() {
+    var response = new proto.jspb.test.EnumContainer([]);
+    response.setOuterEnum(proto.jspb.test.OuterEnum.FOO);
+    assertEquals(proto.jspb.test.OuterEnum.FOO, response.getOuterEnum());
+  });
+
+  it('testByteStrings', function() {
+    var data = new proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues([]);
+    data.setBytesField('some_bytes');
+    assertEquals('some_bytes', data.getBytesField());
+  });
+
+  it('testComplexConversion', function() {
+    var data1 = ['a',,, [, 11], [[, 22], [, 33]],, ['s1', 's2'],, 1];
+    var data2 = ['a',,, [, 11], [[, 22], [, 33]],, ['s1', 's2'],, 1];
+    var foo = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data1);
+    var bar = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data2);
+    var result = foo.toObject();
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      aString: 'a',
+      anOutOfOrderBool: 1,
+      aNestedMessage: {
+        anInt: 11
+      },
+      aRepeatedMessageList: [{anInt: 22}, {anInt: 33}],
+      aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2']
+    }, result);
+
+    // Now test with the jspb instances included.
+    result = foo.toObject(true /* opt_includeInstance */);
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      aString: 'a',
+      anOutOfOrderBool: 1,
+      aNestedMessage: {
+        anInt: 11,
+        $jspbMessageInstance: foo.getANestedMessage()
+      },
+      aRepeatedMessageList: [
+        {anInt: 22, $jspbMessageInstance: foo.getARepeatedMessageList()[0]},
+        {anInt: 33, $jspbMessageInstance: foo.getARepeatedMessageList()[1]}
+      ],
+      aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'],
+      $jspbMessageInstance: foo
+    }, result);
+
+  });
+
+  it('testMissingFields', function() {
+    var foo = new proto.jspb.test.Complex([
+        undefined, undefined, undefined, [],
+        undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined]);
+    var bar = new proto.jspb.test.Complex([
+        undefined, undefined, undefined, [],
+        undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined]);
+    var result = foo.toObject();
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      aString: undefined,
+      anOutOfOrderBool: undefined,
+      aNestedMessage: {
+        anInt: undefined
+      },
+      // Note: JsPb converts undefined repeated fields to empty arrays.
+      aRepeatedMessageList: [],
+      aRepeatedStringList: []
+    }, result);
+
+  });
+
+  it('testNestedComplexMessage', function() {
+    // Instantiate the message and set a unique field, just to ensure that we
+    // are not getting jspb.test.Complex instead.
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.OuterMessage.Complex();
+    msg.setInnerComplexField(5);
+  });
+
+  it('testSpecialCases', function() {
+    // Note: Some property names are reserved in JavaScript.
+    // These names are converted to the Js property named pb_<reserved_name>.
+    var special =
+        new proto.jspb.test.SpecialCases(['normal', 'default', 'function',
+        'var']);
+    var result = special.toObject();
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      normal: 'normal',
+      pb_default: 'default',
+      pb_function: 'function',
+      pb_var: 'var'
+    }, result);
+  });
+
+  it('testDefaultValues', function() {
+    var defaultString = "default<>\'\"abc";
+    var response = new proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues();
+
+    // Test toObject
+    var expectedObject = {
+      stringField: defaultString,
+      boolField: true,
+      intField: 11,
+      enumField: 13,
+      emptyField: '',
+      bytesField: 'bW9v'
+    };
+    assertObjectEquals(expectedObject, response.toObject());
+
+
+    // Test getters
+    response = new proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues();
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertEquals('', response.getEmptyField());
+    assertEquals('bW9v', response.getBytesField());
+
+    function makeDefault(values) {
+      return new proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues(values);
+    }
+
+    // Test with undefined values,
+    // Use push to workaround IE treating undefined array elements as holes.
+    response = makeDefault([undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined]);
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasStringField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasIntField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasEnumField());
+
+    // Test with null values, as would be returned by a JSON serializer.
+    response = makeDefault([null, null, null, null]);
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasStringField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasIntField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasEnumField());
+
+    // Test with false-like values.
+    response = makeDefault(['', false, 0, 0]);
+    assertEquals('', response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(false, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getIntField() == 0);
+    assertEquals(true, response.getEnumField() == 0);
+    assertTrue(response.hasStringField());
+    assertTrue(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertTrue(response.hasIntField());
+    assertTrue(response.hasEnumField());
+
+    // Test that clearing the values reverts them to the default state.
+    response = makeDefault(['blah', false, 111, 77]);
+    response.clearStringField(); response.clearBoolField();
+    response.clearIntField(); response.clearEnumField();
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasStringField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasIntField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasEnumField());
+
+    // Test that setFoo(null) clears the values.
+    response = makeDefault(['blah', false, 111, 77]);
+    response.setStringField(null); response.setBoolField(null);
+    response.setIntField(undefined); response.setEnumField(undefined);
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasStringField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasIntField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasEnumField());
+  });
+
+  it('testMessageRegistration', function() {
+    // goog.require(SomeResponse) will include its library, which will in
+    // turn add SomeResponse to the message registry.
+    assertEquals(jspb.Message.registry_['res'], proto.jspb.test.SomeResponse);
+  });
+
+  it('testClearFields', function() {
+    var data = ['str', true, [11], [[22], [33]], ['s1', 's2']];
+    var foo = new proto.jspb.test.OptionalFields(data);
+    foo.clearAString();
+    foo.clearABool();
+    foo.clearANestedMessage();
+    foo.clearARepeatedMessageList();
+    foo.clearARepeatedStringList();
+    assertEquals('', foo.getAString());
+    assertEquals(false, foo.getABool());
+    assertUndefined(foo.getANestedMessage());
+    assertFalse(foo.hasAString());
+    assertFalse(foo.hasABool());
+    assertObjectEquals([], foo.getARepeatedMessageList());
+    assertObjectEquals([], foo.getARepeatedStringList());
+    // NOTE: We want the missing fields in 'expected' to be undefined,
+    // but we actually get a sparse array instead. We could use something
+    // like [1,undefined,2] to avoid this, except that this is still
+    // sparse on IE. No comment...
+    var expected = [,,, [], []];
+    expected[0] = expected[1] = expected[2] = undefined;
+    assertObjectEquals(expected, foo.toArray());
+
+    // Test set(null). We could deprecated this in favor of clear(), but
+    // it's also convenient to have.
+    data = ['str', true, [11], [[22], [33]], ['s1', 's2']];
+    foo = new proto.jspb.test.OptionalFields(data);
+    foo.setAString(null);
+    foo.setABool(null);
+    foo.setANestedMessage(null);
+    foo.setARepeatedMessageList(null);
+    foo.setARepeatedStringList(null);
+    assertEquals('', foo.getAString());
+    assertEquals(false, foo.getABool());
+    assertNull(foo.getANestedMessage());
+    assertFalse(foo.hasAString());
+    assertFalse(foo.hasABool());
+    assertObjectEquals([], foo.getARepeatedMessageList());
+    assertObjectEquals([], foo.getARepeatedStringList());
+    assertObjectEquals([null, null, null, [], []], foo.toArray());
+
+    // Test set(undefined). Again, not something we really need, and not
+    // supported directly by our typing, but it should 'do the right thing'.
+    data = ['str', true, [11], [[22], [33]], ['s1', 's2']];
+    foo = new proto.jspb.test.OptionalFields(data);
+    foo.setAString(undefined);
+    foo.setABool(undefined);
+    foo.setANestedMessage(undefined);
+    foo.setARepeatedMessageList(undefined);
+    foo.setARepeatedStringList(undefined);
+    assertEquals('', foo.getAString());
+    assertEquals(false, foo.getABool());
+    assertUndefined(foo.getANestedMessage());
+    assertFalse(foo.hasAString());
+    assertFalse(foo.hasABool());
+    assertObjectEquals([], foo.getARepeatedMessageList());
+    assertObjectEquals([], foo.getARepeatedStringList());
+    expected = [,,, [], []];
+    expected[0] = expected[1] = expected[2] = undefined;
+    assertObjectEquals(expected, foo.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testDifferenceRawObject', function() {
+    var p1 = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', 'diff', {}]);
+    var p2 = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', 'what',
+                                               {1000: 'unique'}]);
+    var diff = /** @type {proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions} */
+        (jspb.Message.difference(p1, p2));
+    assertEquals('', diff.getStr1());
+    assertEquals('what', diff.getStr2());
+    assertEquals('', diff.getStr3());
+    assertEquals('unique', diff.extensionObject_[1000]);
+  });
+
+  it('testEqualsSimple', function() {
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi']);
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(s1, new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi'])));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(s1, new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['bye'])));
+    var s1b = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', ['hello']]);
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(s1b,
+        new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', ['hello']])));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(s1b,
+        new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', ['hello', undefined,
+                                            undefined, undefined]])));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(s1b,
+        new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['no', ['hello']])));
+    // Test with messages of different types
+    var s2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple2(['hi']);
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(s1, s2));
+  });
+
+  it('testEquals_softComparison', function() {
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', [], null]);
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(s1,
+        new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', []])));
+
+    var s1b = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', [], true]);
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(s1b,
+        new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', [], 1])));
+  });
+
+  it('testEqualsComplex', function() {
+    var data1 = ['a',,, [, 11], [[, 22], [, 33]],, ['s1', 's2'],, 1];
+    var data2 = ['a',,, [, 11], [[, 22], [, 34]],, ['s1', 's2'],, 1];
+    var data3 = ['a',,, [, 11], [[, 22]],, ['s1', 's2'],, 1];
+    var data4 = ['hi'];
+    var c1a = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data1);
+    var c1b = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data1);
+    var c2 = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data2);
+    var c3 = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data3);
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(data4);
+
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(c1a, c1b));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(c1a, c2));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(c2, c3));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(c1a, s1));
+  });
+
+  it('testEqualsExtensionsConstructed', function() {
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{}])
+    ));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}])
+    ));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'b'}]}])
+    ));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{100: [{200: 'a'}]}])
+    ));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([,,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}])
+    ));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([,,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{100: [{200: 'a'}]}])
+    ));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi',,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}])
+    ));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi',,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}])
+    ));
+  });
+
+  it('testEqualsExtensionsUnconstructed', function() {
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields([], [{}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields([,,, {}], []));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields([,,, {}], [,, {}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], ['hi', {100: [{200: 'b'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        [{100: [{200: 'a'}]}], [{100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        [{100: [{200: 'a'}]}], [,,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        [,,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], [{100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], ['hi',,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        ['hi',,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+  });
+
+  it('testToMap', function() {
+    var p1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['k', ['v']]);
+    var p2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['k1', ['v1', 'v2']]);
+    var soymap = jspb.Message.toMap([p1, p2],
+        proto.jspb.test.Simple1.prototype.getAString,
+        proto.jspb.test.Simple1.prototype.toObject);
+    assertEquals('k', soymap['k'].aString);
+    assertArrayEquals(['v'], soymap['k'].aRepeatedStringList);
+    var protomap = jspb.Message.toMap([p1, p2],
+        proto.jspb.test.Simple1.prototype.getAString);
+    assertEquals('k', protomap['k'].getAString());
+    assertArrayEquals(['v'], protomap['k'].getARepeatedStringList());
+  });
+
+  it('testClone', function() {
+    var supportsUint8Array =
+        !goog.userAgent.IE || goog.userAgent.isVersionOrHigher('10');
+    var original = new proto.jspb.test.TestClone();
+    original.setStr('v1');
+    var simple1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x1', ['y1', 'z1']]);
+    var simple2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x2', ['y2', 'z2']]);
+    var simple3 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x3', ['y3', 'z3']]);
+    original.setSimple1(simple1);
+    original.setSimple2List([simple2, simple3]);
+    var bytes1 = supportsUint8Array ? new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]) : '123';
+    original.setBytesField(bytes1);
+    var extension = new proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension();
+    extension.setExt('e1');
+    original.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extension);
+    var clone = original.cloneMessage();
+    assertArrayEquals(['v1',, ['x1', ['y1', 'z1']],,
+      [['x2', ['y2', 'z2']], ['x3', ['y3', 'z3']]], bytes1,, { 100: [, 'e1'] }],
+        clone.toArray());
+    clone.setStr('v2');
+    var simple4 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['a1', ['b1', 'c1']]);
+    var simple5 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['a2', ['b2', 'c2']]);
+    var simple6 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['a3', ['b3', 'c3']]);
+    clone.setSimple1(simple4);
+    clone.setSimple2List([simple5, simple6]);
+    if (supportsUint8Array) {
+      clone.getBytesField()[0] = 4;
+      assertObjectEquals(bytes1, original.getBytesField());
+    }
+    var bytes2 = supportsUint8Array ? new Uint8Array([4, 5, 6]) : '456';
+    clone.setBytesField(bytes2);
+    var newExtension = new proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension();
+    newExtension.setExt('e2');
+    clone.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField, newExtension);
+    assertArrayEquals(['v2',, ['a1', ['b1', 'c1']],,
+      [['a2', ['b2', 'c2']], ['a3', ['b3', 'c3']]], bytes2,, { 100: [, 'e2'] }],
+        clone.toArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(['v1',, ['x1', ['y1', 'z1']],,
+      [['x2', ['y2', 'z2']], ['x3', ['y3', 'z3']]], bytes1,, { 100: [, 'e1'] }],
+        original.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testCopyInto', function() {
+    var supportsUint8Array =
+        !goog.userAgent.IE || goog.userAgent.isVersionOrHigher('10');
+    var original = new proto.jspb.test.TestClone();
+    original.setStr('v1');
+    var dest = new proto.jspb.test.TestClone();
+    dest.setStr('override');
+    var simple1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x1', ['y1', 'z1']]);
+    var simple2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x2', ['y2', 'z2']]);
+    var simple3 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x3', ['y3', 'z3']]);
+    var destSimple1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['ox1', ['oy1', 'oz1']]);
+    var destSimple2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['ox2', ['oy2', 'oz2']]);
+    var destSimple3 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['ox3', ['oy3', 'oz3']]);
+    original.setSimple1(simple1);
+    original.setSimple2List([simple2, simple3]);
+    dest.setSimple1(destSimple1);
+    dest.setSimple2List([destSimple2, destSimple3]);
+    var bytes1 = supportsUint8Array ? new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]) : '123';
+    var bytes2 = supportsUint8Array ? new Uint8Array([4, 5, 6]) : '456';
+    original.setBytesField(bytes1);
+    dest.setBytesField(bytes2);
+    var extension = new proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension();
+    extension.setExt('e1');
+    original.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField, extension);
+
+    jspb.Message.copyInto(original, dest);
+    assertArrayEquals(original.toArray(), dest.toArray());
+    assertEquals('x1', dest.getSimple1().getAString());
+    assertEquals('e1',
+        dest.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField).getExt());
+    dest.getSimple1().setAString('new value');
+    assertNotEquals(dest.getSimple1().getAString(),
+        original.getSimple1().getAString());
+    if (supportsUint8Array) {
+      dest.getBytesField()[0] = 7;
+      assertObjectEquals(bytes1, original.getBytesField());
+      assertObjectEquals(new Uint8Array([7, 2, 3]), dest.getBytesField());
+    } else {
+      dest.setBytesField('789');
+      assertObjectEquals(bytes1, original.getBytesField());
+      assertObjectEquals('789', dest.getBytesField());
+    }
+    dest.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField).
+        setExt('new value');
+    assertNotEquals(
+        dest.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField).getExt(),
+        original.getExtension(
+            proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField).getExt());
+  });
+
+  it('testCopyInto_notSameType', function() {
+    var a = new proto.jspb.test.TestClone();
+    var b = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['str', ['s1', 's2']]);
+
+    var e = assertThrows(function() {
+      jspb.Message.copyInto(a, b);
+    });
+    assertContains('should have the same type', e.message);
+  });
+
+  it('testExtensions', function() {
+    var extension1 = new proto.jspb.test.IsExtension(['ext1field']);
+    var extension2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['str', ['s1', 's2']]);
+    var extendable = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['v1', 'v2', 'v3']);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extension1);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple,
+                            extension2);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str, 'xyzzy');
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedStrList,
+        ['a', 'b']);
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['foo', ['s1', 's2']]);
+    var s2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['bar', ['t1', 't2']]);
+    extendable.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedSimpleList,
+        [s1, s2]);
+    assertObjectEquals(extension1,
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField));
+    assertObjectEquals(extension2,
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple));
+    assertObjectEquals('xyzzy',
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str));
+    assertObjectEquals(['a', 'b'], extendable.getExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedStrList));
+    assertObjectEquals([s1, s2], extendable.getExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedSimpleList));
+    // Not supported yet, but it should work...
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple, null);
+    assertNull(
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple));
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str, null);
+    assertNull(extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str));
+
+
+    // Extension fields with jspb.ignore = true are ignored.
+    assertUndefined(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension['ignored']);
+    assertUndefined(proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions['ignoredFloating']);
+  });
+
+  it('testFloatingExtensions', function() {
+    // From an autogenerated container.
+    var extendable = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['v1', 'v2', 'v3']);
+    var extension = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['foo', ['s1', 's2']]);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.simple1, extension);
+    assertObjectEquals(extension,
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.simple1));
+
+    // From _lib mode.
+    extension = new proto.jspb.test.ExtensionMessage(['s1']);
+    extendable = new proto.jspb.test.TestExtensionsMessage([16]);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.floatingMsgField, extension);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.floatingStrField, 's2');
+    assertObjectEquals(extension,
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.floatingMsgField));
+    assertObjectEquals('s2',
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.floatingStrField));
+    assertNotUndefined(proto.jspb.exttest.floatingMsgField);
+    assertNotUndefined(proto.jspb.exttest.floatingMsgFieldTwo);
+    assertNotUndefined(proto.jspb.exttest.beta.floatingStrField);
+  });
+
+  it('testToObject_extendedObject', function() {
+    var extension1 = new proto.jspb.test.IsExtension(['ext1field']);
+    var extension2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['str', ['s1', 's2'], true]);
+    var extendable = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['v1', 'v2', 'v3']);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extension1);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple,
+                            extension2);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str, 'xyzzy');
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedStrList,
+        ['a', 'b']);
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['foo', ['s1', 's2'], true]);
+    var s2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['bar', ['t1', 't2'], false]);
+    extendable.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedSimpleList,
+        [s1, s2]);
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      str1: 'v1', str2: 'v2', str3: 'v3',
+      extField: { ext1: 'ext1field' },
+      simple: {
+        aString: 'str', aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'], aBoolean: true
+      },
+      str: 'xyzzy',
+      repeatedStrList: ['a', 'b'],
+      repeatedSimpleList: [
+        { aString: 'foo', aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'], aBoolean: true},
+        { aString: 'bar', aRepeatedStringList: ['t1', 't2'], aBoolean: false}
+      ]
+    }, extendable.toObject());
+
+    // Now, with instances included.
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      str1: 'v1', str2: 'v2', str3: 'v3',
+      extField: {
+        ext1: 'ext1field',
+        $jspbMessageInstance:
+            extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField)
+      },
+      simple: {
+        aString: 'str',
+        aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'],
+        aBoolean: true,
+        $jspbMessageInstance:
+            extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple)
+      },
+      str: 'xyzzy',
+      repeatedStrList: ['a', 'b'],
+      repeatedSimpleList: [{
+        aString: 'foo',
+        aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'],
+        aBoolean: true,
+        $jspbMessageInstance: s1
+      }, {
+        aString: 'bar',
+        aRepeatedStringList: ['t1', 't2'],
+        aBoolean: false,
+        $jspbMessageInstance: s2
+      }],
+      $jspbMessageInstance: extendable
+    }, extendable.toObject(true /* opt_includeInstance */));
+  });
+
+  it('testInitialization_emptyArray', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([]);
+    if (jspb.Message.MINIMIZE_MEMORY_ALLOCATIONS) {
+      assertArrayEquals([], msg.toArray());
+    } else {
+      // Extension object is created past all regular fields.
+      assertArrayEquals([,,, {}], msg.toArray());
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('testInitialization_justExtensionObject', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([{1: 'hi'}]);
+    // The extensionObject is not moved from its original location.
+    assertArrayEquals([{1: 'hi'}], msg.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitialization_incompleteList', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([1, {4: 'hi'}]);
+    // The extensionObject is not moved from its original location.
+    assertArrayEquals([1, {4: 'hi'}], msg.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitialization_forwardCompatible', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([1, 2, 3, {1: 'hi'}]);
+    assertArrayEquals([1, 2, 3, {1: 'hi'}], msg.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testExtendedMessageEnsureObject', function() {
+    var data = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['str1',
+        {'a_key': 'an_object'}]);
+    assertEquals('an_object', data.extensionObject_['a_key']);
+  });
+
+  it('testToObject_hasExtensionField', function() {
+    var data = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['str1', {100: ['ext1']}]);
+    var obj = data.toObject();
+    assertEquals('str1', obj.str1);
+    assertEquals('ext1', obj.extField.ext1);
+  });
+
+  it('testGetExtension', function() {
+    var data = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['str1', {100: ['ext1']}]);
+    assertEquals('str1', data.getStr1());
+    var extension = data.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField);
+    assertNotNull(extension);
+    assertEquals('ext1', extension.getExt1());
+  });
+
+  it('testSetExtension', function() {
+    var data = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions();
+    var extensionMessage = new proto.jspb.test.IsExtension(['is_extension']);
+    data.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extensionMessage);
+    var obj = data.toObject();
+    assertNotNull(
+        data.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField));
+    assertEquals('is_extension', obj.extField.ext1);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Note that group is long deprecated, we only support it because JsPb has
+   * a goal of being able to generate JS classes for all proto descriptors.
+   */
+  it('testGroups', function() {
+    var group = new proto.jspb.test.TestGroup();
+    var someGroup = new proto.jspb.test.TestGroup.RepeatedGroup();
+    someGroup.setId('g1');
+    someGroup.setSomeBoolList([true, false]);
+    group.setRepeatedGroupList([someGroup]);
+    var groups = group.getRepeatedGroupList();
+    assertEquals('g1', groups[0].getId());
+    assertObjectEquals([true, false], groups[0].getSomeBoolList());
+    assertObjectEquals({id: 'g1', someBoolList: [true, false]},
+        groups[0].toObject());
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      repeatedGroupList: [{id: 'g1', someBoolList: [true, false]}],
+      requiredGroup: {id: undefined},
+      optionalGroup: undefined,
+      requiredSimple: {aRepeatedStringList: [], aString: undefined},
+      optionalSimple: undefined,
+      id: undefined
+    }, group.toObject());
+    var group1 = new proto.jspb.test.TestGroup1();
+    group1.setGroup(someGroup);
+    assertEquals(someGroup, group1.getGroup());
+  });
+
+  it('testNonExtensionFieldsAfterExtensionRange', function() {
+    var data = [{'1': 'a_string'}];
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data);
+    assertArrayEquals([], message.getARepeatedStringList());
+  });
+
+  it('testReservedGetterNames', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNames();
+    message.setExtension$(11);
+    message.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNamesExtension.foo, 12);
+    assertEquals(11, message.getExtension$());
+    assertEquals(12, message.getExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNamesExtension.foo));
+    assertObjectEquals({extension: 11, foo: 12}, message.toObject());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitializeMessageWithUnsetOneof', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof([]);
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.
+            PARTIAL_ONEOF_NOT_SET,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.RecursiveOneofCase.
+            RECURSIVE_ONEOF_NOT_SET,
+        message.getRecursiveOneofCase());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitializeMessageWithSingleValueSetInOneof', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof([,, 'x']);
+
+    assertEquals('x', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('', message.getPthree());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.PONE,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+  });
+
+  it('testKeepsLastWireValueSetInUnion_multipleValues', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof([,, 'x',, 'y']);
+
+    assertEquals('', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('y', message.getPthree());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.PTHREE,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+  });
+
+  it('testSettingOneofFieldClearsOthers', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    assertEquals('', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('', message.getPthree());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPthree());
+
+    message.setPone('hi');
+    assertEquals('hi', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('', message.getPthree());
+    assertTrue(message.hasPone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPthree());
+
+    message.setPthree('bye');
+    assertEquals('', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('bye', message.getPthree());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPone());
+    assertTrue(message.hasPthree());
+  });
+
+  it('testSettingOneofFieldDoesNotClearFieldsFromOtherUnions', function() {
+    var other = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    assertEquals('', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('', message.getPthree());
+    assertUndefined(message.getRone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPthree());
+
+    message.setPone('hi');
+    message.setRone(other);
+    assertEquals('hi', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('', message.getPthree());
+    assertEquals(other, message.getRone());
+    assertTrue(message.hasPone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPthree());
+
+    message.setPthree('bye');
+    assertEquals('', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('bye', message.getPthree());
+    assertEquals(other, message.getRone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPone());
+    assertTrue(message.hasPthree());
+  });
+
+  it('testUnsetsOneofCaseWhenFieldIsCleared', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.
+            PARTIAL_ONEOF_NOT_SET,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+
+    message.setPone('hi');
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.PONE,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+
+    message.clearPone();
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.
+            PARTIAL_ONEOF_NOT_SET,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+  });
+
+  it('testMessageWithDefaultOneofValues', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getAone());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getAtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofACase
+            .DEFAULT_ONEOF_A_NOT_SET,
+        message.getDefaultOneofACase());
+
+    message.setAone(567);
+    assertEquals(567, message.getAone());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getAtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofACase.AONE,
+        message.getDefaultOneofACase());
+
+    message.setAtwo(890);
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getAone());
+    assertEquals(890, message.getAtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofACase.ATWO,
+        message.getDefaultOneofACase());
+
+    message.clearAtwo();
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getAone());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getAtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofACase
+            .DEFAULT_ONEOF_A_NOT_SET,
+        message.getDefaultOneofACase());
+  });
+
+  it('testMessageWithDefaultOneofValues_defaultNotOnFirstField', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    assertEquals(0, message.getBone());
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getBtwo());
+    assertFalse(message.hasBone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasBtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofBCase
+            .DEFAULT_ONEOF_B_NOT_SET,
+        message.getDefaultOneofBCase());
+
+    message.setBone(2);
+    assertEquals(2, message.getBone());
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getBtwo());
+    assertTrue(message.hasBone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasBtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofBCase.BONE,
+        message.getDefaultOneofBCase());
+
+    message.setBtwo(3);
+    assertEquals(0, message.getBone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasBone());
+    assertTrue(message.hasBtwo());
+    assertEquals(3, message.getBtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofBCase.BTWO,
+        message.getDefaultOneofBCase());
+
+    message.clearBtwo();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getBone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasBone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasBtwo());
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getBtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofBCase
+            .DEFAULT_ONEOF_B_NOT_SET,
+        message.getDefaultOneofBCase());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitializeMessageWithOneofDefaults', function() {
+    var message =
+        new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof(new Array(9).concat(567));
+    assertEquals(567, message.getAone());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getAtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofACase.AONE,
+        message.getDefaultOneofACase());
+
+    message =
+        new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof(new Array(10).concat(890));
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getAone());
+    assertEquals(890, message.getAtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofACase.ATWO,
+        message.getDefaultOneofACase());
+
+    message =
+        new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof(new Array(9).concat(567, 890));
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getAone());
+    assertEquals(890, message.getAtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofACase.ATWO,
+        message.getDefaultOneofACase());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitializeMessageWithOneofDefaults_defaultNotSetOnFirstField',
+      function() {
+        var message;
+
+        message =
+            new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof(new Array(11).concat(567));
+        assertEquals(567, message.getBone());
+        assertEquals(1234, message.getBtwo());
+        assertEquals(
+            proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofBCase.BONE,
+            message.getDefaultOneofBCase());
+
+        message =
+            new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof(new Array(12).concat(890));
+        assertEquals(0, message.getBone());
+        assertEquals(890, message.getBtwo());
+        assertEquals(
+            proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofBCase.BTWO,
+            message.getDefaultOneofBCase());
+
+        message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof(
+            new Array(11).concat(567, 890));
+        assertEquals(0, message.getBone());
+        assertEquals(890, message.getBtwo());
+        assertEquals(
+            proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofBCase.BTWO,
+            message.getDefaultOneofBCase());
+      });
+
+  it('testOneofContainingAnotherMessage', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.RecursiveOneofCase.
+            RECURSIVE_ONEOF_NOT_SET,
+        message.getRecursiveOneofCase());
+
+    var other = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    message.setRone(other);
+    assertEquals(other, message.getRone());
+    assertEquals('', message.getRtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.RecursiveOneofCase.RONE,
+        message.getRecursiveOneofCase());
+
+    message.setRtwo('hi');
+    assertUndefined(message.getRone());
+    assertEquals('hi', message.getRtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.RecursiveOneofCase.RTWO,
+        message.getRecursiveOneofCase());
+  });
+
+  it('testQueryingOneofCaseEnsuresOnlyOneFieldIsSetInUnderlyingArray',
+     function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    message.setPone('x');
+    assertEquals('x', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('', message.getPthree());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.PONE,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+
+    var array = message.toArray();
+    assertEquals('x', array[2]);
+    assertUndefined(array[4]);
+    array[4] = 'y';
+
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.PTHREE,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+    assertUndefined(array[2]);
+    assertEquals('y', array[4]);
+  });
+
+  it('testFloatingPointFieldsSupportNan', function() {
+    var assertNan = function(x) {
+      assertTrue(
+          'Expected ' + x + ' (' + goog.typeOf(x) + ') to be NaN.',
+          typeof x === 'number' && isNaN(x));
+    };
+
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.FloatingPointFields([
+      'NaN', 'NaN', ['NaN', 'NaN'], 'NaN',
+      'NaN', 'NaN', ['NaN', 'NaN'], 'NaN'
+    ]);
+    assertNan(message.getOptionalFloatField());
+    assertNan(message.getRequiredFloatField());
+    assertNan(message.getRepeatedFloatFieldList()[0]);
+    assertNan(message.getRepeatedFloatFieldList()[1]);
+    assertNan(message.getDefaultFloatField());
+    assertNan(message.getOptionalDoubleField());
+    assertNan(message.getRequiredDoubleField());
+    assertNan(message.getRepeatedDoubleFieldList()[0]);
+    assertNan(message.getRepeatedDoubleFieldList()[1]);
+    assertNan(message.getDefaultDoubleField());
+  });
+
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/proto3_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/proto3_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d020a11fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/proto3_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+goog.require('goog.crypt.base64');
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: testbinary_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: proto3_test_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestProto3');
+
+
+var BYTES = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 8, 9]);
+var BYTES_B64 = goog.crypt.base64.encodeByteArray(BYTES);
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: compare a bytes field to an expected value
+ * @param {Uint8Array|string} arr
+ * @param {Uint8Array} expected
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+function bytesCompare(arr, expected) {
+  if (typeof arr === 'string') {
+    arr = goog.crypt.base64.decodeStringToUint8Array(arr);
+  }
+  if (arr.length != expected.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+    if (arr[i] != expected[i]) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+describe('proto3Test', function() {
+  /**
+   * Test defaults for proto3 message fields.
+   */
+  it('testProto3FieldDefaults', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalInt32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalInt64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalUint64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSint64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFixed32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFixed64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSfixed32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSfixed64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFloat(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalDouble(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalString(), '');
+
+    // TODO(b/26173701): when we change bytes fields default getter to return
+    // Uint8Array, we'll want to switch this assertion to match the u8 case.
+    assertEquals(typeof msg.getOptionalBytes(), 'string');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8() instanceof Uint8Array, true);
+    assertEquals(typeof msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), 'string');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBytes().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), '');
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignEnum(),
+                 proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_FOO);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignMessage(), undefined);
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedInt32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedInt64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedUint32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedUint64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedSint32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedSint64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedFixed32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedFixed64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedSfixed32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedSfixed64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedFloatList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedDoubleList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedStringList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedBytesList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignEnumList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignMessageList().length, 0);
+
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test that all fields can be set and read via a serialization roundtrip.
+   */
+  it('testProto3FieldSetGet', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+
+    msg.setOptionalInt32(-42);
+    msg.setOptionalInt64(-0x7fffffff00000000);
+    msg.setOptionalUint32(0x80000000);
+    msg.setOptionalUint64(0xf000000000000000);
+    msg.setOptionalSint32(-100);
+    msg.setOptionalSint64(-0x8000000000000000);
+    msg.setOptionalFixed32(1234);
+    msg.setOptionalFixed64(0x1234567800000000);
+    msg.setOptionalSfixed32(-1234);
+    msg.setOptionalSfixed64(-0x1234567800000000);
+    msg.setOptionalFloat(1.5);
+    msg.setOptionalDouble(-1.5);
+    msg.setOptionalBool(true);
+    msg.setOptionalString('hello world');
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+    var submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+    submsg.setC(16);
+    msg.setOptionalForeignMessage(submsg);
+    msg.setOptionalForeignEnum(proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR);
+
+    msg.setRepeatedInt32List([-42]);
+    msg.setRepeatedInt64List([-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedUint32List([0x80000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedUint64List([0xf000000000000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedSint32List([-100]);
+    msg.setRepeatedSint64List([-0x8000000000000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedFixed32List([1234]);
+    msg.setRepeatedFixed64List([0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedSfixed32List([-1234]);
+    msg.setRepeatedSfixed64List([-0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedFloatList([1.5]);
+    msg.setRepeatedDoubleList([-1.5]);
+    msg.setRepeatedBoolList([true]);
+    msg.setRepeatedStringList(['hello world']);
+    msg.setRepeatedBytesList([BYTES]);
+    submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+    submsg.setC(1000);
+    msg.setRepeatedForeignMessageList([submsg]);
+    msg.setRepeatedForeignEnumList([proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR]);
+
+    msg.setOneofString('asdf');
+
+    var serialized = msg.serializeBinary();
+    msg = proto.jspb.test.TestProto3.deserializeBinary(serialized);
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalInt32(), -42);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalInt64(), -0x7fffffff00000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalUint32(), 0x80000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalUint64(), 0xf000000000000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSint32(), -100);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSint64(), -0x8000000000000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFixed32(), 1234);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFixed64(), 0x1234567800000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSfixed32(), -1234);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSfixed64(), -0x1234567800000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFloat(), 1.5);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalDouble(), -1.5);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBool(), true);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalString(), 'hello world');
+    assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignMessage().getC(), 16);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignEnum(),
+        proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR);
+
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedInt32List(), [-42]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedInt64List(), [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedUint32List(), [0x80000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedUint64List(), [0xf000000000000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedSint32List(), [-100]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedSint64List(), [-0x8000000000000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedFixed32List(), [1234]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedFixed64List(), [0x1234567800000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedSfixed32List(), [-1234]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedSfixed64List(), [-0x1234567800000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedFloatList(), [1.5]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedDoubleList(), [-1.5]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedBoolList(), [true]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedStringList(), ['hello world']);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedBytesList().length, 1);
+    assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList()[0], BYTES));
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignMessageList().length, 1);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignMessageList()[0].getC(), 1000);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignEnumList(),
+        [proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR]);
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), 'asdf');
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test that oneofs continue to have a notion of field presence.
+   */
+  it('testOneofs', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), '');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes(), '');
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+
+    msg.setOneofUint32(42);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 42);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), '');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes(), '');
+    assertTrue(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+
+
+    var submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+    msg.setOneofForeignMessage(submsg);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), submsg);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), '');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes(), '');
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+
+    msg.setOneofString('hello');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), 'hello');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes(), '');
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertTrue(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+
+    msg.setOneofBytes(goog.crypt.base64.encodeString('\u00FF\u00FF'));
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), '');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes_asB64(),
+        goog.crypt.base64.encodeString('\u00FF\u00FF'));
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertTrue(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test that "default"-valued primitive fields are not emitted on the wire.
+   */
+  it('testNoSerializeDefaults', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+
+    // Set each primitive to a non-default value, then back to its default, to
+    // ensure that the serialization is actually checking the value and not just
+    // whether it has ever been set.
+    msg.setOptionalInt32(42);
+    msg.setOptionalInt32(0);
+    msg.setOptionalDouble(3.14);
+    msg.setOptionalDouble(0.0);
+    msg.setOptionalBool(true);
+    msg.setOptionalBool(false);
+    msg.setOptionalString('hello world');
+    msg.setOptionalString('');
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(goog.crypt.base64.encodeString('\u00FF\u00FF'));
+    msg.setOptionalBytes('');
+    msg.setOptionalForeignMessage(new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage());
+    msg.setOptionalForeignMessage(null);
+    msg.setOptionalForeignEnum(proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR);
+    msg.setOptionalForeignEnum(proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_FOO);
+    msg.setOneofUint32(32);
+    msg.setOneofUint32(null);
+
+
+    var serialized = msg.serializeBinary();
+    assertEquals(0, serialized.length);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Test that base64 string and Uint8Array are interchangeable in bytes fields.
+   */
+  it('testBytesFieldsInterop', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+    // Set as a base64 string and check all the getters work.
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES_B64);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    // Test binary serialize round trip doesn't break it.
+    msg = proto.jspb.test.TestProto3.deserializeBinary(msg.serializeBinary());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+    // Set as a Uint8Array and check all the getters work.
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/proto3_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/proto3_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..acb671649
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/proto3_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+import "testbinary.proto";
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+message TestProto3 {
+     int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+     int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+    uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+    uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+    sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+    sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+   fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+   fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+     float optional_float    = 11;
+    double optional_double   = 12;
+      bool optional_bool     = 13;
+    string optional_string   = 14;
+     bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  ForeignMessage optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  Proto3Enum     optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated ForeignMessage repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated Proto3Enum     repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    ForeignMessage oneof_foreign_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+}
+
+enum Proto3Enum {
+  PROTO3_FOO = 0;
+  PROTO3_BAR = 1;
+  PROTO3_BAZ = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..937ffb89c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: mwr@google.com (Mark Rawling)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+message Empty {
+}
+
+enum OuterEnum {
+  FOO = 1;
+  BAR = 2;
+}
+
+message EnumContainer {
+  optional OuterEnum outer_enum = 1;
+}
+
+message Simple1 {
+  required string a_string = 1;
+  repeated string a_repeated_string = 2;
+  optional bool a_boolean = 3;
+}
+
+// A message that differs from Simple1 only by name
+message Simple2 {
+  required string a_string = 1;
+  repeated string a_repeated_string = 2;
+}
+
+message SpecialCases {
+  required string normal = 1;
+  // Examples of Js reserved names that are converted to pb_<name>.
+  required string default = 2;
+  required string function = 3;
+  required string var = 4;
+}
+
+message OptionalFields {
+  message Nested {
+    optional int32 an_int = 1;
+  }
+  optional string a_string = 1;
+  required bool a_bool = 2;
+  optional Nested a_nested_message = 3;
+  repeated Nested a_repeated_message = 4;
+  repeated string a_repeated_string = 5;
+}
+
+message HasExtensions {
+  optional string str1 = 1;
+  optional string str2 = 2;
+  optional string str3 = 3;
+  extensions 10 to max;
+}
+
+message Complex {
+  message Nested {
+    required int32 an_int = 2;
+  }
+  required string a_string = 1;
+  required bool an_out_of_order_bool = 9;
+  optional Nested a_nested_message = 4;
+  repeated Nested a_repeated_message = 5;
+  repeated string a_repeated_string = 7;
+}
+
+message OuterMessage {
+  // Make sure this doesn't conflict with the other Complex message.
+  message Complex {
+    optional int32 inner_complex_field = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+message IsExtension {
+  extend HasExtensions {
+    optional IsExtension ext_field = 100;
+  }
+  optional string ext1 = 1;
+
+  // Extensions of proto2 Descriptor messages will be ignored.
+  extend google.protobuf.EnumOptions {
+    optional string simple_option = 42113038;
+  }
+}
+
+message IndirectExtension {
+  extend HasExtensions {
+    optional Simple1 simple = 101;
+    optional string str = 102;
+    repeated string repeated_str = 103;
+    repeated Simple1 repeated_simple = 104;
+  }
+}
+
+extend HasExtensions {
+  optional Simple1 simple1 = 105;
+}
+
+message DefaultValues {
+  enum Enum {
+    E1 = 13;
+    E2 = 77;
+  }
+  optional string string_field = 1 [default="default<>\'\"abc"];
+  optional bool bool_field = 2 [default=true];
+  optional int64 int_field = 3 [default=11];
+  optional Enum enum_field = 4 [default=E1];
+  optional string empty_field = 6 [default=""];
+  optional bytes bytes_field = 8 [default="moo"]; // Base64 encoding is "bW9v"
+}
+
+message FloatingPointFields {
+  optional float optional_float_field = 1;
+  required float required_float_field = 2;
+  repeated float repeated_float_field = 3;
+  optional float default_float_field = 4 [default = 2.0];
+  optional double optional_double_field = 5;
+  required double required_double_field = 6;
+  repeated double repeated_double_field = 7;
+  optional double default_double_field = 8 [default = 2.0];
+}
+
+message TestClone {
+  optional string str = 1;
+  optional Simple1 simple1 = 3;
+  repeated Simple1 simple2 = 5;
+  optional bytes bytes_field = 6;
+  optional string unused = 7;
+  extensions 10 to max;
+}
+
+message CloneExtension {
+  extend TestClone {
+    optional CloneExtension ext_field = 100;
+  }
+  optional string ext = 2;
+}
+
+message TestGroup {
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 1 {
+    required string id = 1;
+    repeated bool some_bool = 2;
+  }
+  required group RequiredGroup = 2 {
+    required string id = 1;
+  }
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 3 {
+    required string id = 1;
+  }
+  optional string id = 4;
+  required Simple2 required_simple = 5;
+  optional Simple2 optional_simple = 6;
+}
+
+message TestGroup1 {
+  optional TestGroup.RepeatedGroup group = 1;
+}
+
+message TestReservedNames {
+  optional int32 extension = 1;
+  extensions 10 to max;
+}
+
+message TestReservedNamesExtension {
+  extend TestReservedNames {
+    optional int32 foo = 10;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestMessageWithOneof {
+
+  oneof partial_oneof {
+    string pone = 3;
+    string pthree = 5;
+  }
+
+  oneof recursive_oneof {
+    TestMessageWithOneof rone = 6;
+    string rtwo = 7;
+  }
+
+  optional bool normal_field = 8;
+  repeated string repeated_field = 9;
+
+  oneof default_oneof_a {
+    int32 aone = 10 [default = 1234];
+    int32 atwo = 11;
+  }
+
+  oneof default_oneof_b {
+    int32 bone = 12;
+    int32 btwo = 13 [default = 1234];
+  }
+}
+
+message TestEndsWithBytes {
+  optional int32 value = 1;
+  optional bytes data = 2;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9d58f30ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+# Download protoc 3.0.0 from Maven if it is not already present.
+OLD_PROTOC_URL=https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/google/protobuf/protoc/3.0.0/protoc-3.0.0-linux-x86_64.exe
+if [ ! -f protoc ]; then
+  wget $OLD_PROTOC_URL -O protoc
+  chmod +x protoc
+fi
+
+pushd ../..
+npm install && npm test
+popd
+
+old_protoc=./protoc
+new_protoc=../../../src/protoc
+
+# The protos in group 2 have some dependencies on protos in group 1. The tests
+# will verify that the generated code for one group can be regenerated
+# independently of the other group in a compatible way.
+#
+# Note: these lists of protos duplicate the lists in gulpfile.js. Ideally we
+# should find a good way of having a single source of truth for this.
+group1_protos="data.proto test3.proto test5.proto commonjs/test6/test6.proto testbinary.proto testempty.proto test.proto"
+group2_protos="proto3_test.proto test2.proto test4.proto commonjs/test7/test7.proto"
+
+# We test the following cases:
+#
+# Case 1: build groups 1 and 2 with the old protoc
+# Case 2: build group 1 with new protoc but group 2 with old protoc
+# Case 3: build group 1 with old protoc but group 2 with new protoc
+#
+# In each case, we use the current runtime.
+
+#
+# CommonJS tests
+#
+mkdir -p commonjs_out{1,2,3}
+# Case 1
+$old_protoc --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:commonjs_out1 -I ../../../src -I commonjs -I . $group1_protos
+$old_protoc --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:commonjs_out1 -I ../../../src -I commonjs -I . $group2_protos
+# Case 2
+$new_protoc --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:commonjs_out2 -I ../../../src -I commonjs -I . $group1_protos
+$old_protoc --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:commonjs_out2 -I ../../../src -I commonjs -I . $group2_protos
+# Case 3
+$old_protoc --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:commonjs_out3 -I ../../../src -I commonjs -I . $group1_protos
+$new_protoc --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:commonjs_out3 -I ../../../src -I commonjs -I . $group2_protos
+
+mkdir -p commonjs_out/binary
+for file in *_test.js binary/*_test.js; do
+  node commonjs/rewrite_tests_for_commonjs.js < "$file" > "commonjs_out/$file"
+done
+cp commonjs/{jasmine.json,import_test.js} commonjs_out/
+mkdir -p commonjs_out/test_node_modules
+../../node_modules/google-closure-library/closure/bin/calcdeps.py -i commonjs/export_asserts.js -p . -p ../../node_modules/google-closure-library/closure -o compiled --compiler_jar ../../node_modules/google-closure-compiler/compiler.jar > commonjs_out/test_node_modules/closure_asserts_commonjs.js
+../../node_modules/google-closure-library/closure/bin/calcdeps.py -i commonjs/export_testdeps.js -p ../.. -p ../../node_modules/google-closure-library/closure -o compiled --compiler_jar ../../node_modules/google-closure-compiler/compiler.jar > commonjs_out/test_node_modules/testdeps_commonjs.js
+cp ../../google-protobuf.js commonjs_out/test_node_modules
+cp -r ../../commonjs_out/node_modules commonjs_out
+
+echo
+echo "Running tests with CommonJS imports"
+echo "-----------------------------------"
+for i in 1 2 3; do
+  cp -r commonjs_out/* "commonjs_out$i"
+  pushd "commonjs_out$i"
+  JASMINE_CONFIG_PATH=jasmine.json NODE_PATH=test_node_modules ../../../node_modules/.bin/jasmine
+  popd
+done
+
+#
+# Closure tests
+#
+$old_protoc --js_out=library=testproto_libs1,binary:.  -I ../../../src -I commonjs -I . $group1_protos
+$old_protoc --js_out=library=testproto_libs2,binary:.  -I ../../../src -I commonjs -I . $group2_protos
+$new_protoc --js_out=library=testproto_libs1_new,binary:.  -I ../../../src -I commonjs -I . $group1_protos
+$new_protoc --js_out=library=testproto_libs2_new,binary:.  -I ../../../src -I commonjs -I . $group2_protos
+
+echo
+echo "Running tests with Closure-style imports"
+echo "----------------------------------------"
+
+# Case 1
+JASMINE_CONFIG_PATH=jasmine1.json ../../node_modules/.bin/jasmine
+# Case 2
+JASMINE_CONFIG_PATH=jasmine2.json ../../node_modules/.bin/jasmine
+# Case 3
+JASMINE_CONFIG_PATH=jasmine3.json ../../node_modules/.bin/jasmine
+
+# Remove these files so that calcdeps.py does not get confused by them the next
+# time this script runs.
+rm testproto_libs[12]*
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44e55effc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+message TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional int32 intfield = 1;
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message ExtensionMessage {
+  extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+    optional ExtensionMessage ext_field = 100;
+  }
+  optional string ext1 = 1;
+}
+
+// Floating extensions are only supported when generating a _lib.js library.
+extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional ExtensionMessage floating_msg_field = 101;
+  optional string floating_str_field = 102;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..940a552ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.exttest;
+
+message TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional int32 intfield = 1;
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message ExtensionMessage {
+  extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+    optional ExtensionMessage ext_field = 100;
+  }
+  optional string ext1 = 1;
+}
+
+extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional ExtensionMessage floating_msg_field = 101;
+  optional string floating_str_field = 102;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test4.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test4.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf2451e9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test4.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.exttest;
+
+import "test3.proto";
+
+extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional ExtensionMessage floating_msg_field_two = 103;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test5.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test5.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34979517e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test5.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.exttest.beta;
+
+message TestBetaExtensionsMessage {
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestBetaExtensionsMessage {
+  optional string floating_str_field = 101;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/testbinary.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/testbinary.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..116f17fb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/testbinary.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// LINT: ALLOW_GROUPS
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+// These types are borrowed from `unittest.proto` in the protobuf tree. We want
+// to ensure that the binary-format support will handle all field types
+// properly.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  optional ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+
+  // Packed repeated
+  repeated    int32 packed_repeated_int32    = 61 [packed=true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_repeated_int64    = 62 [packed=true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_repeated_uint32   = 63 [packed=true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_repeated_uint64   = 64 [packed=true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_repeated_sint32   = 65 [packed=true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_repeated_sint64   = 66 [packed=true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_repeated_fixed32  = 67 [packed=true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_repeated_fixed64  = 68 [packed=true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_repeated_sfixed32 = 69 [packed=true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_repeated_sfixed64 = 70 [packed=true];
+  repeated    float packed_repeated_float    = 71 [packed=true];
+  repeated   double packed_repeated_double   = 72 [packed=true];
+  repeated     bool packed_repeated_bool     = 73 [packed=true];
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    ForeignMessage oneof_foreign_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+
+}
+
+message ForeignMessage {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+message TestExtendable {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message ExtendsWithMessage {
+  extend TestExtendable {
+    optional ExtendsWithMessage optional_extension = 19;
+    repeated ExtendsWithMessage repeated_extension = 49;
+  }
+  optional int32 foo = 1;
+}
+
+extend TestExtendable {
+  optional    int32 extend_optional_int32    =  1;
+  optional    int64 extend_optional_int64    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 extend_optional_uint32   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 extend_optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 extend_optional_sint32   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 extend_optional_sint64   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 extend_optional_fixed32  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 extend_optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 extend_optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 extend_optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional    float extend_optional_float    = 11;
+  optional   double extend_optional_double   = 12;
+  optional     bool extend_optional_bool     = 13;
+  optional   string extend_optional_string   = 14;
+  optional    bytes extend_optional_bytes    = 15;
+  optional ForeignEnum extend_optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+
+  repeated    int32 extend_repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 extend_repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 extend_repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 extend_repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 extend_repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 extend_repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 extend_repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 extend_repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 extend_repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 extend_repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float extend_repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double extend_repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool extend_repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string extend_repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes extend_repeated_bytes    = 45;
+  repeated ForeignEnum extend_repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+
+  repeated    int32 extend_packed_repeated_int32    = 61 [packed=true];
+  repeated    int64 extend_packed_repeated_int64    = 62 [packed=true];
+  repeated   uint32 extend_packed_repeated_uint32   = 63 [packed=true];
+  repeated   uint64 extend_packed_repeated_uint64   = 64 [packed=true];
+  repeated   sint32 extend_packed_repeated_sint32   = 65 [packed=true];
+  repeated   sint64 extend_packed_repeated_sint64   = 66 [packed=true];
+  repeated  fixed32 extend_packed_repeated_fixed32  = 67 [packed=true];
+  repeated  fixed64 extend_packed_repeated_fixed64  = 68 [packed=true];
+  repeated sfixed32 extend_packed_repeated_sfixed32 = 69 [packed=true];
+  repeated sfixed64 extend_packed_repeated_sfixed64 = 70 [packed=true];
+  repeated    float extend_packed_repeated_float    = 71 [packed=true];
+  repeated   double extend_packed_repeated_double   = 72 [packed=true];
+  repeated     bool extend_packed_repeated_bool     = 73 [packed=true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum extend_packed_repeated_foreign_enum    = 82
+      [packed=true];
+
+}
+
+message TestMapFields {
+  map<string, string> map_string_string = 1;
+  map<string, int32> map_string_int32 = 2;
+  map<string, int64> map_string_int64 = 3;
+  map<string, bool> map_string_bool = 4;
+  map<string, double> map_string_double = 5;
+  map<string, MapValueEnum> map_string_enum = 6;
+  map<string, MapValueMessage> map_string_msg = 7;
+
+  map<int32, string> map_int32_string = 8;
+  map<int64, string> map_int64_string = 9;
+  map<bool, string> map_bool_string = 10;
+
+  optional TestMapFields test_map_fields = 11;
+  map<string, TestMapFields> map_string_testmapfields = 12;
+}
+
+enum MapValueEnum {
+  MAP_VALUE_FOO = 0;
+  MAP_VALUE_BAR = 1;
+  MAP_VALUE_BAZ = 2;
+}
+
+message MapValueMessage {
+  optional int32 foo = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/testempty.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/testempty.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..960bce4e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/testempty.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package javatests.com.google.apps.jspb;
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/arith_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/arith_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89796bf79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/arith_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for Int64-manipulation functions.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author cfallin@google.com (Chris Fallin)
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.arith.Int64');
+goog.require('jspb.arith.UInt64');
+
+
+describe('binaryArithTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests comparison operations.
+   */
+  it('testCompare', function() {
+    var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(1234, 5678);
+    var b = new jspb.arith.UInt64(1234, 5678);
+    assertEquals(a.cmp(b), 0);
+    assertEquals(b.cmp(a), 0);
+    b.lo -= 1;
+    assertEquals(a.cmp(b), 1);
+    assertEquals(b.cmp(a), -1);
+    b.lo += 2;
+    assertEquals(a.cmp(b), -1);
+    assertEquals(b.cmp(a), 1);
+    b.lo = a.lo;
+    b.hi = a.hi - 1;
+    assertEquals(a.cmp(b), 1);
+    assertEquals(b.cmp(a), -1);
+
+    assertEquals(a.zero(), false);
+    assertEquals(a.msb(), false);
+    assertEquals(a.lsb(), false);
+    a.hi = 0;
+    a.lo = 0;
+    assertEquals(a.zero(), true);
+    a.hi = 0x80000000;
+    assertEquals(a.zero(), false);
+    assertEquals(a.msb(), true);
+    a.lo = 0x00000001;
+    assertEquals(a.lsb(), true);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests shifts.
+   */
+  it('testShifts', function() {
+    var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(1, 0);
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 1);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 0);
+    var orig = a;
+    a = a.leftShift();
+    assertEquals(orig.lo, 1);  // original unmodified.
+    assertEquals(orig.hi, 0);
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 2);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 0);
+    a = a.leftShift();
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 4);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 0);
+    for (var i = 0; i < 29; i++) {
+      a = a.leftShift();
+    }
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 0x80000000);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 0);
+    a = a.leftShift();
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 0);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 1);
+    a = a.leftShift();
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 0);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 2);
+    a = a.rightShift();
+    a = a.rightShift();
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 0x80000000);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 0);
+    a = a.rightShift();
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 0x40000000);
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 0);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests additions.
+   */
+  it('testAdd', function() {
+    var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(/* lo = */ 0x89abcdef,
+                                         /* hi = */ 0x01234567);
+    var b = new jspb.arith.UInt64(/* lo = */ 0xff52ab91,
+                                         /* hi = */ 0x92fa2123);
+    // Addition with carry.
+    var c = a.add(b);
+    assertEquals(a.lo, 0x89abcdef);  // originals unmodified.
+    assertEquals(a.hi, 0x01234567);
+    assertEquals(b.lo, 0xff52ab91);
+    assertEquals(b.hi, 0x92fa2123);
+    assertEquals(c.lo, 0x88fe7980);
+    assertEquals(c.hi, 0x941d668b);
+
+    // Simple addition without carry.
+    a.lo = 2;
+    a.hi = 0;
+    b.lo = 3;
+    b.hi = 0;
+    c = a.add(b);
+    assertEquals(c.lo, 5);
+    assertEquals(c.hi, 0);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test subtractions.
+   */
+  it('testSub', function() {
+    var kLength = 10;
+    var hiValues = [0x1682ef32,
+                    0x583902f7,
+                    0xb62f5955,
+                    0x6ea99bbf,
+                    0x25a39c20,
+                    0x0700a08b,
+                    0x00f7304d,
+                    0x91a5b5af,
+                    0x89077fd2,
+                    0xe09e347c];
+    var loValues = [0xe1538b18,
+                    0xbeacd556,
+                    0x74100758,
+                    0x96e3cb26,
+                    0x56c37c3f,
+                    0xe00b3f7d,
+                    0x859f25d7,
+                    0xc2ee614a,
+                    0xe1d21cd7,
+                    0x30aae6a4];
+    for (var i = 0; i < kLength; i++) {
+      for (var j = 0; j < kLength; j++) {
+        var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(loValues[i], hiValues[j]);
+        var b = new jspb.arith.UInt64(loValues[j], hiValues[i]);
+        var c = a.add(b).sub(b);
+        assertEquals(c.hi, a.hi);
+        assertEquals(c.lo, a.lo);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests 32-by-32 multiplication.
+   */
+  it('testMul32x32', function() {
+    var testData = [
+      // a        b          low(a*b)   high(a*b)
+      [0xc0abe2f8, 0x1607898a, 0x5de711b0, 0x109471b8],
+      [0x915eb3cb, 0x4fb66d0e, 0xbd0d441a, 0x2d43d0bc],
+      [0xfe4efe70, 0x80b48c37, 0xbcddea10, 0x7fdada0c],
+      [0xe222fd4a, 0xe43d524a, 0xd5e0eb64, 0xc99d549c],
+      [0xd171f469, 0xb94ebd01, 0x4be17969, 0x979bc4fa],
+      [0x829cc1df, 0xe2598b38, 0xf4157dc8, 0x737c12ad],
+      [0xf10c3767, 0x8382881e, 0x942b3612, 0x7bd428b8],
+      [0xb0f6dd24, 0x232597e1, 0x079c98a4, 0x184bbce7],
+      [0xfcdb05a7, 0x902f55bc, 0x636199a4, 0x8e69f412],
+      [0x0dd0bfa9, 0x916e27b1, 0x6e2542d9, 0x07d92e65]
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testData.length; i++) {
+      var a = testData[i][0] >>> 0;
+      var b = testData[i][1] >>> 0;
+      var cLow = testData[i][2] >>> 0;
+      var cHigh = testData[i][3] >>> 0;
+      var c = jspb.arith.UInt64.mul32x32(a, b);
+      assertEquals(c.lo, cLow);
+      assertEquals(c.hi, cHigh);
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests 64-by-32 multiplication.
+   */
+  it('testMul', function() {
+    // 64x32 bits produces 96 bits of product. The multiplication function under
+    // test truncates the top 32 bits, so we compare against a 64-bit expected
+    // product.
+    var testData = [
+      // low(a)   high(a)               low(a*b)   high(a*b)
+      [0xec10955b, 0x360eb168, 0x4b7f3f5b, 0xbfcb7c59, 0x9517da5f],
+      [0x42b000fc, 0x9d101642, 0x6fa1ab72, 0x2584c438, 0x6a9e6d2b],
+      [0xf42d4fb4, 0xae366403, 0xa65a1000, 0x92434000, 0x1ff978df],
+      [0x17e2f56b, 0x25487693, 0xf13f98c7, 0x73794e2d, 0xa96b0c6a],
+      [0x492f241f, 0x76c0eb67, 0x7377ac44, 0xd4336c3c, 0xfc4b1ebe],
+      [0xd6b92321, 0xe184fa48, 0xd6e76904, 0x93141584, 0xcbf44da1],
+      [0x4bf007ea, 0x968c0a9e, 0xf5e4026a, 0x4fdb1ae4, 0x61b9fb7d],
+      [0x10a83be7, 0x2d685ba6, 0xc9e5fb7f, 0x2ad43499, 0x3742473d],
+      [0x2f261829, 0x1aca681a, 0x3d3494e3, 0x8213205b, 0x283719f8],
+      [0xe4f2ce21, 0x2e74b7bd, 0xd801b38b, 0xbc17feeb, 0xc6c44e0f]
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testData.length; i++) {
+      var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(testData[i][0], testData[i][1]);
+      var prod = a.mul(testData[i][2]);
+      assertEquals(prod.lo, testData[i][3]);
+      assertEquals(prod.hi, testData[i][4]);
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests 64-div-by-32 division.
+   */
+  it('testDiv', function() {
+    // Compute a/b, yielding quot = a/b and rem = a%b.
+    var testData = [
+      // --- divisors in (0, 2^32-1) to test full divisor range
+      // low(a)   high(a)    b          low(quot)  high(quot) rem
+      [0x712443f1, 0xe85cefcc, 0xc1a7050b, 0x332c79ad, 0x00000001, 0x92ffa882],
+      [0x11912915, 0xb2699eb5, 0x30467cbe, 0xb21b4be4, 0x00000003, 0x283465dd],
+      [0x0d917982, 0x201f2a6e, 0x3f35bf03, 0x8217c8e4, 0x00000000, 0x153402d6],
+      [0xa072c108, 0x74020c96, 0xc60568fd, 0x95f9613e, 0x00000000, 0x3f4676c2],
+      [0xd845d5d8, 0xcdd235c4, 0x20426475, 0x6154e78b, 0x00000006, 0x202fb751],
+      [0xa4dbf71f, 0x9e90465e, 0xf08e022f, 0xa8be947f, 0x00000000, 0xbe43b5ce],
+      [0x3dbe627f, 0xa791f4b9, 0x28a5bd89, 0x1f5dfe93, 0x00000004, 0x02bf9ed4],
+      [0x5c1c53ee, 0xccf5102e, 0x198576e7, 0x07e3ae31, 0x00000008, 0x02ea8fb7],
+      [0xfef1e581, 0x04714067, 0xca6540c1, 0x059e73ec, 0x00000000, 0x31658095],
+      [0x1e2dd90c, 0x13dd6667, 0x8b2184c3, 0x248d1a42, 0x00000000, 0x4ca6d0c6],
+      // --- divisors in (0, 2^16-1) to test larger quotient high-words
+      // low(a)   high(a)    b          low(quot)  high(quot) rem
+      [0x86722b47, 0x2cd57c9a, 0x00003123, 0x2ae41b7a, 0x0000e995, 0x00000f99],
+      [0x1dd7884c, 0xf5e839bc, 0x00009eeb, 0x5c886242, 0x00018c21, 0x000099b6],
+      [0x5c53d625, 0x899fc7e5, 0x000087d7, 0xd625007a, 0x0001035c, 0x000019af],
+      [0x6932d932, 0x9d0a5488, 0x000051fb, 0x9d976143, 0x0001ea63, 0x00004981],
+      [0x4d18bb85, 0x0c92fb31, 0x00001d9f, 0x03265ab4, 0x00006cac, 0x000001b9],
+      [0xbe756768, 0xdea67ccb, 0x00008a03, 0x58add442, 0x00019cff, 0x000056a2],
+      [0xe2466f9a, 0x2521f114, 0x0000c350, 0xa0c0860d, 0x000030ab, 0x0000a48a],
+      [0xf00ddad1, 0xe2f5446a, 0x00002cfc, 0x762697a6, 0x00050b96, 0x00000b69],
+      [0xa879152a, 0x0a70e0a5, 0x00007cdf, 0xb44151b3, 0x00001567, 0x0000363d],
+      [0x7179a74c, 0x46083fff, 0x0000253c, 0x4d39ba6e, 0x0001e17f, 0x00000f84]
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testData.length; i++) {
+      var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(testData[i][0], testData[i][1]);
+      var result = a.div(testData[i][2]);
+      var quotient = result[0];
+      var remainder = result[1];
+      assertEquals(quotient.lo, testData[i][3]);
+      assertEquals(quotient.hi, testData[i][4]);
+      assertEquals(remainder.lo, testData[i][5]);
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests .toString() and .fromString().
+   */
+  it('testStrings', function() {
+    var testData = [
+        [0x5e84c935, 0xcae33d0e, '14619595947299359029'],
+        [0x62b3b8b8, 0x93480544, '10612738313170434232'],
+        [0x319bfb13, 0xc01c4172, '13843011313344445203'],
+        [0x5b8a65fb, 0xa5885b31, '11927883880638080507'],
+        [0x6bdb80f1, 0xb0d1b16b, '12741159895737008369'],
+        [0x4b82b442, 0x2e0d8c97, '3318463081876730946'],
+        [0x780d5208, 0x7d76752c, '9040542135845999112'],
+        [0x2e46800f, 0x0993778d, '690026616168284175'],
+        [0xf00a7e32, 0xcd8e3931, '14811839111111540274'],
+        [0x1baeccd6, 0x923048c4, '10533999535534820566'],
+        [0x03669d29, 0xbff3ab72, '13831587386756603177'],
+        [0x2526073e, 0x01affc81, '121593346566522686'],
+        [0xc24244e0, 0xd7f40d0e, '15561076969511732448'],
+        [0xc56a341e, 0xa68b66a7, '12000798502816461854'],
+        [0x8738d64d, 0xbfe78604, '13828168534871037517'],
+        [0x5baff03b, 0xd7572aea, '15516918227177304123'],
+        [0x4a843d8a, 0x864e132b, '9677693725920476554'],
+        [0x25b4e94d, 0x22b54dc6, '2500990681505655117'],
+        [0x6bbe664b, 0x55a5cc0e, '6171563226690381387'],
+        [0xee916c81, 0xb00aabb3, '12685140089732426881']
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testData.length; i++) {
+      var a = new jspb.arith.UInt64(testData[i][0], testData[i][1]);
+      var roundtrip = jspb.arith.UInt64.fromString(a.toString());
+      assertEquals(roundtrip.lo, a.lo);
+      assertEquals(roundtrip.hi, a.hi);
+      assertEquals(a.toString(), testData[i][2]);
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests signed Int64s. These are built on UInt64s, so we only need to test
+   * the explicit overrides: .toString() and .fromString().
+   */
+  it('testSignedInt64', function() {
+    var testStrings = [
+        '-7847499644178593666',
+        '3771946501229139523',
+        '2872856549054995060',
+        '-5780049594274350904',
+        '3383785956695105201',
+        '2973055184857072610',
+        '-3879428459215627206',
+        '4589812431064156631',
+        '8484075557333689940',
+        '1075325817098092407',
+        '-4346697501012292314',
+        '2488620459718316637',
+        '6112655187423520672',
+        '-3655278273928612104',
+        '3439154019435803196',
+        '1004112478843763757',
+        '-6587790776614368413',
+        '664320065099714586',
+        '4760412909973292912',
+        '-7911903989602274672'
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testStrings.length; i++) {
+      var roundtrip =
+          jspb.arith.Int64.fromString(testStrings[i]).toString();
+      assertEquals(roundtrip, testStrings[i]);
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/decoder_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/decoder_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71a3725de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/decoder_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for jspb's binary protocol buffer decoder.
+ *
+ * There are two particular magic numbers that need to be pointed out -
+ * 2^64-1025 is the largest number representable as both a double and an
+ * unsigned 64-bit integer, and 2^63-513 is the largest number representable as
+ * both a double and a signed 64-bit integer.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryDecoder');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryEncoder');
+
+
+/**
+ * Tests encoding and decoding of unsigned types.
+ * @param {Function} readValue
+ * @param {Function} writeValue
+ * @param {number} epsilon
+ * @param {number} upperLimit
+ * @param {Function} filter
+ * @suppress {missingProperties|visibility}
+ */
+function doTestUnsignedValue(readValue,
+    writeValue, epsilon, upperLimit, filter) {
+  var encoder = new jspb.BinaryEncoder();
+
+  // Encode zero and limits.
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(0));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(epsilon));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(upperLimit));
+
+  // Encode positive values.
+  for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+    writeValue.call(encoder, filter(cursor));
+  }
+
+  var decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(encoder.end());
+
+  // Check zero and limits.
+  assertEquals(filter(0), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(epsilon), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(upperLimit), readValue.call(decoder));
+
+  // Check positive values.
+  for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+    if (filter(cursor) != readValue.call(decoder)) throw 'fail!';
+  }
+
+  // Encoding values outside the valid range should assert.
+  assertThrows(function() {writeValue.call(encoder, -1);});
+  assertThrows(function() {writeValue.call(encoder, upperLimit * 1.1);});
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Tests encoding and decoding of signed types.
+ * @param {Function} readValue
+ * @param {Function} writeValue
+ * @param {number} epsilon
+ * @param {number} lowerLimit
+ * @param {number} upperLimit
+ * @param {Function} filter
+ * @suppress {missingProperties}
+ */
+function doTestSignedValue(readValue,
+    writeValue, epsilon, lowerLimit, upperLimit, filter) {
+  var encoder = new jspb.BinaryEncoder();
+
+  // Encode zero and limits.
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(lowerLimit));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(-epsilon));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(0));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(epsilon));
+  writeValue.call(encoder, filter(upperLimit));
+
+  var inputValues = [];
+
+  // Encode negative values.
+  for (var cursor = lowerLimit; cursor < -epsilon; cursor /= 1.1) {
+    var val = filter(cursor);
+    writeValue.call(encoder, val);
+    inputValues.push(val);
+  }
+
+  // Encode positive values.
+  for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+    var val = filter(cursor);
+    writeValue.call(encoder, val);
+    inputValues.push(val);
+  }
+
+  var decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(encoder.end());
+
+  // Check zero and limits.
+  assertEquals(filter(lowerLimit), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(-epsilon), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(0), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(epsilon), readValue.call(decoder));
+  assertEquals(filter(upperLimit), readValue.call(decoder));
+
+  // Verify decoded values.
+  for (var i = 0; i < inputValues.length; i++) {
+    assertEquals(inputValues[i], readValue.call(decoder));
+  }
+
+  // Encoding values outside the valid range should assert, except for doubles
+  // whose range runs all the way to infinity.
+  var pastLowerLimit = lowerLimit * 1.1;
+  var pastUpperLimit = upperLimit * 1.1;
+  if (pastLowerLimit !== -Infinity) {
+    expect(function() {
+      writeValue.call(encoder, lowerLimit * 1.1);
+    }).toThrow();
+  }
+  if (pastUpperLimit !== Infinity) {
+    expect(function() {
+      writeValue.call(encoder, upperLimit * 1.1);
+    }).toThrow();
+  }
+}
+
+describe('binaryDecoderTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests the decoder instance cache.
+   */
+  it('testInstanceCache', /** @suppress {visibility} */ function() {
+    // Empty the instance caches.
+    jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_ = [];
+
+    // Allocating and then freeing a decoder should put it in the instance
+    // cache.
+    jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc().free();
+
+    assertEquals(1, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Allocating and then freeing three decoders should leave us with three in
+    // the cache.
+
+    var decoder1 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    var decoder2 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    var decoder3 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    decoder1.free();
+    decoder2.free();
+    decoder3.free();
+
+    assertEquals(3, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests reading 64-bit integers as hash strings.
+   */
+  it('testHashStrings', function() {
+    var encoder = new jspb.BinaryEncoder();
+
+    var hashA = String.fromCharCode(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
+    var hashB = String.fromCharCode(0x12, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
+    var hashC = String.fromCharCode(0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78,
+                                    0x87, 0x65, 0x43, 0x21);
+    var hashD = String.fromCharCode(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+                                    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF);
+
+    encoder.writeVarintHash64(hashA);
+    encoder.writeVarintHash64(hashB);
+    encoder.writeVarintHash64(hashC);
+    encoder.writeVarintHash64(hashD);
+
+    encoder.writeFixedHash64(hashA);
+    encoder.writeFixedHash64(hashB);
+    encoder.writeFixedHash64(hashC);
+    encoder.writeFixedHash64(hashD);
+
+    var decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc(encoder.end());
+
+    assertEquals(hashA, decoder.readVarintHash64());
+    assertEquals(hashB, decoder.readVarintHash64());
+    assertEquals(hashC, decoder.readVarintHash64());
+    assertEquals(hashD, decoder.readVarintHash64());
+
+    assertEquals(hashA, decoder.readFixedHash64());
+    assertEquals(hashB, decoder.readFixedHash64());
+    assertEquals(hashC, decoder.readFixedHash64());
+    assertEquals(hashD, decoder.readFixedHash64());
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Verifies that misuse of the decoder class triggers assertions.
+   * @suppress {checkTypes|visibility}
+   */
+  it('testDecodeErrors', function() {
+    // Reading a value past the end of the stream should trigger an assertion.
+    var decoder = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc([0, 1, 2]);
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readUint64()});
+
+    // Overlong varints should trigger assertions.
+    decoder.setBlock([255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+                      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0]);
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readUnsignedVarint64()});
+    decoder.reset();
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readSignedVarint64()});
+    decoder.reset();
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readZigzagVarint64()});
+    decoder.reset();
+    assertThrows(function() {decoder.readUnsignedVarint32()});
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of unsigned integers.
+   */
+  it('testUnsignedIntegers', function() {
+    doTestUnsignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint8,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint8,
+        1, 0xFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint16,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint16,
+        1, 0xFFFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint32,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint32,
+        1, 0xFFFFFFFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readUint64,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeUint64,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 64) - 1025, Math.round);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of signed integers.
+   */
+  it('testSignedIntegers', function() {
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt8,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt8,
+        1, -0x80, 0x7F, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt16,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt16,
+        1, -0x8000, 0x7FFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt32,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt32,
+        1, -0x80000000, 0x7FFFFFFF, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readInt64,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeInt64,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 63), Math.pow(2, 63) - 513, Math.round);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of floats.
+   */
+  it('testFloats', function() {
+    /**
+     * @param {number} x
+     * @return {number}
+     */
+    function truncate(x) {
+      var temp = new Float32Array(1);
+      temp[0] = x;
+      return temp[0];
+    }
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readFloat,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeFloat,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_EPS,
+        -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX,
+        truncate);
+
+    doTestSignedValue(
+        jspb.BinaryDecoder.prototype.readDouble,
+        jspb.BinaryEncoder.prototype.writeDouble,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_EPS * 10,
+        -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MAX,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MAX,
+        function(x) { return x; });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/proto_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/proto_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff9d97262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/proto_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,628 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+
+goog.require('goog.crypt.base64');
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.Message');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: ../testbinary_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBool');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBytes');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalDouble');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFloat');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalForeignEnum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalString');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint32');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint64');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedBoolList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedDoubleList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFloatList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedForeignEnumList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBoolList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBytesList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedDoubleList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFloatList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedForeignEnumList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint64List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedStringList');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint32List');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint64List');
+
+
+var suite = {};
+
+var BYTES = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 8, 9]);
+
+var BYTES_B64 = goog.crypt.base64.encodeByteArray(BYTES);
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: fill all fields on a TestAllTypes message.
+ * @param {proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes} msg
+ */
+function fillAllFields(msg) {
+  msg.setOptionalInt32(-42);
+  // can be exactly represented by JS number (64-bit double, i.e., 52-bit
+  // mantissa).
+  msg.setOptionalInt64(-0x7fffffff00000000);
+  msg.setOptionalUint32(0x80000000);
+  msg.setOptionalUint64(0xf000000000000000);
+  msg.setOptionalSint32(-100);
+  msg.setOptionalSint64(-0x8000000000000000);
+  msg.setOptionalFixed32(1234);
+  msg.setOptionalFixed64(0x1234567800000000);
+  msg.setOptionalSfixed32(-1234);
+  msg.setOptionalSfixed64(-0x1234567800000000);
+  msg.setOptionalFloat(1.5);
+  msg.setOptionalDouble(-1.5);
+  msg.setOptionalBool(true);
+  msg.setOptionalString('hello world');
+  msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+  msg.setOptionalGroup(new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup());
+  msg.getOptionalGroup().setA(100);
+  var submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+  submsg.setC(16);
+  msg.setOptionalForeignMessage(submsg);
+  msg.setOptionalForeignEnum(proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+  msg.setOneofString('oneof');
+
+
+  msg.setRepeatedInt32List([-42]);
+  msg.setRepeatedInt64List([-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedUint32List([0x80000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedUint64List([0xf000000000000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedSint32List([-100]);
+  msg.setRepeatedSint64List([-0x8000000000000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedFixed32List([1234]);
+  msg.setRepeatedFixed64List([0x1234567800000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedSfixed32List([-1234]);
+  msg.setRepeatedSfixed64List([-0x1234567800000000]);
+  msg.setRepeatedFloatList([1.5]);
+  msg.setRepeatedDoubleList([-1.5]);
+  msg.setRepeatedBoolList([true]);
+  msg.setRepeatedStringList(['hello world']);
+  msg.setRepeatedBytesList([BYTES, BYTES]);
+  msg.setRepeatedGroupList([new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup()]);
+  msg.getRepeatedGroupList()[0].setA(100);
+  submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+  submsg.setC(1000);
+  msg.setRepeatedForeignMessageList([submsg]);
+  msg.setRepeatedForeignEnumList([proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedInt32List([-42]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedInt64List([-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedUint32List([0x80000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedUint64List([0xf000000000000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedSint32List([-100]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedSint64List([-0x8000000000000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedFixed32List([1234]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedFixed64List([0x1234567800000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedSfixed32List([-1234]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedSfixed64List([-0x1234567800000000]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedFloatList([1.5]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedDoubleList([-1.5]);
+  msg.setPackedRepeatedBoolList([true]);
+
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: compare a bytes field to an expected value
+ * @param {Uint8Array|string} arr
+ * @param {Uint8Array} expected
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+function bytesCompare(arr, expected) {
+  if (typeof arr === 'string') {
+    arr = goog.crypt.base64.decodeStringToUint8Array(arr);
+  }
+  if (arr.length != expected.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+    if (arr[i] != expected[i]) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: verify contents of given TestAllTypes message as set by
+ * fillAllFields().
+ * @param {proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes} original
+ * @param {proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes} copy
+ */
+function checkAllFields(original, copy) {
+  assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(original, copy));
+
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalInt32(), -42);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalInt64(), -0x7fffffff00000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalUint32(), 0x80000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalUint64(), 0xf000000000000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalSint32(), -100);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalSint64(), -0x8000000000000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalFixed32(), 1234);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalFixed64(), 0x1234567800000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalSfixed32(), -1234);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalSfixed64(), -0x1234567800000000);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalFloat(), 1.5);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalDouble(), -1.5);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalBool(), true);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalString(), 'hello world');
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+  assertEquals(
+      copy.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), goog.crypt.base64.encodeByteArray(BYTES));
+
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalGroup().getA(), 100);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalForeignMessage().getC(), 16);
+  assertEquals(copy.getOptionalForeignEnum(),
+      proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+
+
+  assertEquals(copy.getOneofString(), 'oneof');
+  assertEquals(copy.getOneofFieldCase(),
+      proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.OneofFieldCase.ONEOF_STRING);
+
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedInt32List(), [-42]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedInt64List(), [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedUint32List(), [0x80000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedUint64List(), [0xf000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedSint32List(), [-100]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedSint64List(), [-0x8000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedFixed32List(), [1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedFixed64List(), [0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedSfixed32List(), [-1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedSfixed64List(), [-0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedFloatList(), [1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedDoubleList(), [-1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedBoolList(), [true]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedStringList(), ['hello world']);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedBytesList().length, 2);
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[0], BYTES));
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getRepeatedBytesList()[0], BYTES));
+  assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(copy.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[1], BYTES));
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[0], BYTES_B64);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[1], BYTES_B64);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedGroupList().length, 1);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedGroupList()[0].getA(), 100);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedForeignMessageList().length, 1);
+  assertEquals(copy.getRepeatedForeignMessageList()[0].getC(), 1000);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getRepeatedForeignEnumList(),
+      [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedInt32List(), [-42]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedInt64List(),
+      [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedUint32List(), [0x80000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedUint64List(),
+      [0xf000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedSint32List(), [-100]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedSint64List(),
+      [-0x8000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedFixed32List(), [1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedFixed64List(),
+      [0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedSfixed32List(), [-1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedSfixed64List(),
+      [-0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedFloatList(), [1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(copy.getPackedRepeatedDoubleList(), [-1.5]);
+
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: verify that all expected extensions are present.
+ * @param {!proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable} msg
+ */
+function checkExtensions(msg) {
+  assertEquals(-42,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt32));
+  assertEquals(-0x7fffffff00000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt64));
+  assertEquals(0x80000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint32));
+  assertEquals(0xf000000000000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint64));
+  assertEquals(-100,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint32));
+  assertEquals(-0x8000000000000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint64));
+  assertEquals(1234,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed32));
+  assertEquals(0x1234567800000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed64));
+  assertEquals(-1234,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed32));
+  assertEquals(-0x1234567800000000,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed64));
+  assertEquals(1.5,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFloat));
+  assertEquals(-1.5,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalDouble));
+  assertEquals(true,
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBool));
+  assertEquals('hello world',
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalString));
+  assertEquals(
+      true, bytesCompare(
+                msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBytes), BYTES));
+  assertEquals(16,
+      msg.getExtension(
+          proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage.optionalExtension).getFoo());
+
+
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt32List),
+      [-42]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt64List),
+      [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint32List),
+      [0x80000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint64List),
+      [0xf000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint32List),
+      [-100]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint64List),
+      [-0x8000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed32List),
+      [1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed64List),
+      [0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed32List),
+      [-1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed64List),
+      [-0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFloatList),
+      [1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedDoubleList),
+      [-1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBoolList),
+      [true]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedStringList),
+      ['hello world']);
+  assertEquals(
+      true,
+      bytesCompare(
+          msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBytesList)[0], BYTES));
+  assertEquals(1000,
+      msg.getExtension(
+          proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage.repeatedExtensionList)[0]
+      .getFoo());
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedForeignEnumList),
+      [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt32List),
+      [-42]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt64List),
+      [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint32List),
+      [0x80000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint64List),
+      [0xf000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint32List),
+      [-100]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint64List),
+      [-0x8000000000000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed32List),
+      [1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed64List),
+      [0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed32List),
+      [-1234]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed64List),
+      [-0x1234567800000000]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFloatList),
+      [1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedDoubleList),
+      [-1.5]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedBoolList),
+      [true]);
+  assertElementsEquals(
+      msg.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedForeignEnumList),
+      [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+}
+
+
+describe('protoBinaryTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests a basic serialization-deserializaton round-trip with all supported
+   * field types (on the TestAllTypes message type).
+   */
+  it('testRoundTrip', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+    fillAllFields(msg);
+    var encoded = msg.serializeBinary();
+    var decoded = proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.deserializeBinary(encoded);
+    checkAllFields(msg, decoded);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Test that base64 string and Uint8Array are interchangeable in bytes fields.
+   */
+  it('testBytesFieldsGettersInterop', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+    // Set from a base64 string and check all the getters work.
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES_B64);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    // Test binary serialize round trip doesn't break it.
+    msg = proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes.deserializeBinary(msg.serializeBinary());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+    // Set from a Uint8Array and check all the getters work.
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Test that bytes setters will receive result of any of the getters.
+   */
+  it('testBytesFieldsSettersInterop', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(msg.getOptionalBytes());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Test that bytes setters will receive result of any of the getters.
+   */
+  it('testRepeatedBytesGetters', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+
+    function assertGetters() {
+      assertTrue(typeof msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[0] === 'string');
+      assertTrue(typeof msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[1] === 'string');
+      assertTrue(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[0] instanceof Uint8Array);
+      assertTrue(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[1] instanceof Uint8Array);
+
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList()[0], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList()[1], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[0], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64()[1], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[0], BYTES));
+      assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8()[1], BYTES));
+    }
+
+    msg.setRepeatedBytesList([BYTES, BYTES]);
+    assertGetters();
+
+    msg.setRepeatedBytesList([BYTES_B64, BYTES_B64]);
+    assertGetters();
+
+    msg.setRepeatedBytesList([]);
+    assertEquals(0, msg.getRepeatedBytesList().length);
+    assertEquals(0, msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64().length);
+    assertEquals(0, msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8().length);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Helper: fill all extension values.
+   * @param {proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable} msg
+   */
+  function fillExtensions(msg) {
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt32, -42);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalInt64, -0x7fffffff00000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint32, 0x80000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalUint64, 0xf000000000000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint32, -100);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSint64, -0x8000000000000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed32, 1234);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFixed64, 0x1234567800000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed32, -1234);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalSfixed64, -0x1234567800000000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalFloat, 1.5);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalDouble, -1.5);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBool, true);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalString, 'hello world');
+    msg.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalBytes, BYTES);
+    var submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage();
+    submsg.setFoo(16);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage.optionalExtension, submsg);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendOptionalForeignEnum,
+        proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO);
+
+
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt32List, [-42]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedInt64List, [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint32List, [0x80000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedUint64List, [0xf000000000000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint32List, [-100]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSint64List, [-0x8000000000000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed32List, [1234]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFixed64List, [0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed32List, [-1234]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedSfixed64List, [-0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedFloatList, [1.5]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedDoubleList, [-1.5]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBoolList, [true]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedStringList, ['hello world']);
+    msg.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedBytesList, [BYTES]);
+    submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage();
+    submsg.setFoo(1000);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.ExtendsWithMessage.repeatedExtensionList, [submsg]);
+    msg.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendRepeatedForeignEnumList,
+        [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt32List, [-42]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedInt64List, [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint32List, [0x80000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedUint64List, [0xf000000000000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint32List, [-100]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSint64List, [-0x8000000000000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed32List, [1234]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFixed64List, [0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed32List, [-1234]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedSfixed64List,
+        [-0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedFloatList, [1.5]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedDoubleList, [-1.5]);
+    msg.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedBoolList, [true]);
+    msg.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.extendPackedRepeatedForeignEnumList,
+        [proto.jspb.test.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO]);
+
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests extension serialization and deserialization.
+   */
+  it('testExtensions', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable();
+    fillExtensions(msg);
+    var encoded = msg.serializeBinary();
+    var decoded = proto.jspb.test.TestExtendable.deserializeBinary(encoded);
+    checkExtensions(decoded);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/reader_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/reader_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..957113859
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/reader_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,922 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for jspb's binary protocol buffer reader.
+ *
+ * There are two particular magic numbers that need to be pointed out -
+ * 2^64-1025 is the largest number representable as both a double and an
+ * unsigned 64-bit integer, and 2^63-513 is the largest number representable as
+ * both a double and a signed 64-bit integer.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryDecoder');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryReader');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+
+
+
+describe('binaryReaderTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests the reader instance cache.
+   */
+  it('testInstanceCaches', /** @suppress {visibility} */ function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+    writer.writeMessage(1, dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+    writer.writeMessage(2, dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+
+    var buffer = writer.getResultBuffer();
+
+    // Empty the instance caches.
+    jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_ = [];
+
+    // Allocating and then freeing three decoders should leave us with three in
+    // the cache.
+
+    var decoder1 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    var decoder2 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    var decoder3 = jspb.BinaryDecoder.alloc();
+    decoder1.free();
+    decoder2.free();
+    decoder3.free();
+
+    assertEquals(3, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Allocating and then freeing a reader should remove one decoder from its
+    // cache, but it should stay stuck to the reader afterwards since we can't
+    // have a reader without a decoder.
+    jspb.BinaryReader.alloc().free();
+
+    assertEquals(2, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(1, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Allocating a reader should remove a reader from the cache.
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(buffer);
+
+    assertEquals(2, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Processing the message reuses the current reader.
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+    });
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+    });
+
+    assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+
+    assertEquals(2, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(0, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+
+    // Freeing the reader should put it back into the cache.
+    reader.free();
+
+    assertEquals(2, jspb.BinaryDecoder.instanceCache_.length);
+    assertEquals(1, jspb.BinaryReader.instanceCache_.length);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * @param {number} x
+   * @return {number}
+   */
+  function truncate(x) {
+    var temp = new Float32Array(1);
+    temp[0] = x;
+    return temp[0];
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Verifies that misuse of the reader class triggers assertions.
+   */
+  it('testReadErrors', /** @suppress {checkTypes|visibility} */ function() {
+    // Calling readMessage on a non-delimited field should trigger an
+    // assertion.
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([8, 1]);
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertThrows(function() {
+      reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+    });
+
+    // Reading past the end of the stream should trigger an assertion.
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([9, 1]);
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readFixed64()});
+
+    // Reading past the end of a submessage should trigger an assertion.
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([10, 4, 13, 1, 1, 1]);
+    reader.nextField();
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertThrows(function() {reader.readFixed32()});
+    });
+
+    // Skipping an invalid field should trigger an assertion.
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([12, 1]);
+    reader.nextWireType_ = 1000;
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.skipField()});
+
+    // Reading fields with the wrong wire type should assert.
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readInt32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readInt32String()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readInt64()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readInt64String()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readUint32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readUint32String()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readUint64()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readUint64String()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readSint32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readBool()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readEnum()});
+
+    reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc([8, 1]);
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readFixed32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readFixed64()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readSfixed32()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readSfixed64()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readFloat()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readDouble()});
+
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readString()});
+    assertThrows(function() {reader.readBytes()});
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of unsigned field types.
+   * @param {Function} readField
+   * @param {Function} writeField
+   * @param {number} epsilon
+   * @param {number} upperLimit
+   * @param {Function} filter
+   * @private
+   * @suppress {missingProperties}
+   */
+  var doTestUnsignedField_ = function(readField,
+      writeField, epsilon, upperLimit, filter) {
+    assertNotNull(readField);
+    assertNotNull(writeField);
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    // Encode zero and limits.
+    writeField.call(writer, 1, filter(0));
+    writeField.call(writer, 2, filter(epsilon));
+    writeField.call(writer, 3, filter(upperLimit));
+
+    // Encode positive values.
+    for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+      writeField.call(writer, 4, filter(cursor));
+    }
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    // Check zero and limits.
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(0), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(epsilon), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(upperLimit), readField.call(reader));
+
+    // Check positive values.
+    for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      if (4 != reader.getFieldNumber()) throw 'fail!';
+      if (filter(cursor) != readField.call(reader)) throw 'fail!';
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests encoding and decoding of signed field types.
+   * @param {Function} readField
+   * @param {Function} writeField
+   * @param {number} epsilon
+   * @param {number} lowerLimit
+   * @param {number} upperLimit
+   * @param {Function} filter
+   * @private
+   * @suppress {missingProperties}
+   */
+  var doTestSignedField_ = function(readField,
+      writeField, epsilon, lowerLimit, upperLimit, filter) {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    // Encode zero and limits.
+    writeField.call(writer, 1, filter(lowerLimit));
+    writeField.call(writer, 2, filter(-epsilon));
+    writeField.call(writer, 3, filter(0));
+    writeField.call(writer, 4, filter(epsilon));
+    writeField.call(writer, 5, filter(upperLimit));
+
+    var inputValues = [];
+
+    // Encode negative values.
+    for (var cursor = lowerLimit; cursor < -epsilon; cursor /= 1.1) {
+      var val = filter(cursor);
+      writeField.call(writer, 6, val);
+      inputValues.push({
+        fieldNumber: 6,
+        value: val
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Encode positive values.
+    for (var cursor = epsilon; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+      var val = filter(cursor);
+      writeField.call(writer, 7, val);
+      inputValues.push({
+        fieldNumber: 7,
+        value: val
+      });
+    }
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    // Check zero and limits.
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(lowerLimit), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(-epsilon), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(0), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(4, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(epsilon), readField.call(reader));
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(5, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(filter(upperLimit), readField.call(reader));
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < inputValues.length; i++) {
+      var expected = inputValues[i];
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(expected.fieldNumber, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(expected.value, readField.call(reader));
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests fields that use varint encoding.
+   */
+  it('testVarintFields', function() {
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint32);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint32);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint64);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint64);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readBool);
+    assertNotUndefined(jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeBool);
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint32,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 32) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeUint64,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 64) - 1025, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readInt32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeInt32,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 31), Math.pow(2, 31) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readInt64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeInt64,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 63), Math.pow(2, 63) - 513, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readEnum,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeEnum,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 31), Math.pow(2, 31) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readBool,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeBool,
+        1, 1, function(x) { return !!x; });
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests reading a field from hexadecimal string (format: '08 BE EF').
+   * @param {Function} readField
+   * @param {number} expected
+   * @param {string} hexString
+   */
+  function doTestHexStringVarint_(readField, expected, hexString) {
+    var bytesCount = (hexString.length + 1) / 3;
+    var bytes = new Uint8Array(bytesCount);
+    for (var i = 0; i < bytesCount; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = parseInt(hexString.substring(i * 3, i * 3 + 2), 16);
+    }
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(bytes);
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(expected, readField.call(reader));
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests non-canonical redundant varint decoding.
+   */
+  it('testRedundantVarintFields', function() {
+    assertNotNull(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint32);
+    assertNotNull(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint64);
+    assertNotNull(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint32);
+    assertNotNull(jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint64);
+
+    // uint32 and sint32 take no more than 5 bytes
+    // 08 - field prefix (type = 0 means varint)
+    doTestHexStringVarint_(
+      jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint32,
+      12, '08 8C 80 80 80 00');
+
+    // 11 stands for -6 in zigzag encoding
+    doTestHexStringVarint_(
+      jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint32,
+      -6, '08 8B 80 80 80 00');
+
+    // uint64 and sint64 take no more than 10 bytes
+    // 08 - field prefix (type = 0 means varint)
+    doTestHexStringVarint_(
+      jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readUint64,
+      12, '08 8C 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 00');
+
+    // 11 stands for -6 in zigzag encoding
+    doTestHexStringVarint_(
+      jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint64,
+      -6, '08 8B 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 00');
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests 64-bit fields that are handled as strings.
+   */
+  it('testStringInt64Fields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var testSignedData = [
+      '2730538252207801776',
+      '-2688470994844604560',
+      '3398529779486536359',
+      '3568577411627971000',
+      '272477188847484900',
+      '-6649058714086158188',
+      '-7695254765712060806',
+      '-4525541438037104029',
+      '-4993706538836508568',
+      '4990160321893729138'
+    ];
+    var testUnsignedData = [
+      '7822732630241694882',
+      '6753602971916687352',
+      '2399935075244442116',
+      '8724292567325338867',
+      '16948784802625696584',
+      '4136275908516066934',
+      '3575388346793700364',
+      '5167142028379259461',
+      '1557573948689737699',
+      '17100725280812548567'
+    ];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testSignedData.length; i++) {
+      writer.writeInt64String(2 * i + 1, testSignedData[i]);
+      writer.writeUint64String(2 * i + 2, testUnsignedData[i]);
+    }
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < testSignedData.length; i++) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(2 * i + 1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(testSignedData[i], reader.readInt64String());
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(2 * i + 2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(testUnsignedData[i], reader.readUint64String());
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests fields that use zigzag encoding.
+   */
+  it('testZigzagFields', function() {
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSint32,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 31), Math.pow(2, 31) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSint64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSint64,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 63), Math.pow(2, 63) - 513, Math.round);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests fields that use fixed-length encoding.
+   */
+  it('testFixedFields', function() {
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readFixed32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFixed32,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 32) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestUnsignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readFixed64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFixed64,
+        1, Math.pow(2, 64) - 1025, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSfixed32,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSfixed32,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 31), Math.pow(2, 31) - 1, Math.round);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readSfixed64,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeSfixed64,
+        1, -Math.pow(2, 63), Math.pow(2, 63) - 513, Math.round);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests floating point fields.
+   */
+  it('testFloatFields', function() {
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readFloat,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeFloat,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MIN,
+        -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX,
+        truncate);
+
+    doTestSignedField_(
+        jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.readDouble,
+        jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeDouble,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_EPS * 10,
+        -jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MIN,
+        jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MIN,
+        function(x) { return x; });
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests length-delimited string fields.
+   */
+  it('testStringFields', function() {
+    var s1 = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.';
+    var s2 = '人人生而自由，在尊嚴和權利上一律平等。';
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    writer.writeString(1, s1);
+    writer.writeString(2, s2);
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(s1, reader.readString());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(s2, reader.readString());
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests length-delimited byte fields.
+   */
+  it('testByteFields', function() {
+    var message = [];
+    var lowerLimit = 1;
+    var upperLimit = 256;
+    var scale = 1.1;
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    for (var cursor = lowerLimit; cursor < upperLimit; cursor *= 1.1) {
+      var len = Math.round(cursor);
+      var bytes = [];
+      for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) bytes.push(i % 256);
+
+      writer.writeBytes(len, bytes);
+    }
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    for (var cursor = lowerLimit; reader.nextField(); cursor *= 1.1) {
+      var len = Math.round(cursor);
+      if (len != reader.getFieldNumber()) throw 'fail!';
+
+      var bytes = reader.readBytes();
+      if (len != bytes.length) throw 'fail!';
+      for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+        if (i % 256 != bytes[i]) throw 'fail!';
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests nested messages.
+   */
+  it('testNesting', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 100);
+
+    // Add one message with 3 int fields.
+    writer.writeMessage(2, dummyMessage, function() {
+      writer.writeInt32(3, 300);
+      writer.writeInt32(4, 400);
+      writer.writeInt32(5, 500);
+    });
+
+    // Add one empty message.
+    writer.writeMessage(6, dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+
+    writer.writeInt32(7, 700);
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    // Validate outermost message.
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(100, reader.readInt32());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      // Validate embedded message 1.
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(300, reader.readInt32());
+
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(4, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(400, reader.readInt32());
+
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(5, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(500, reader.readInt32());
+
+      assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+    });
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(6, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      // Validate embedded message 2.
+
+      assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+    });
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(7, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(700, reader.readInt32());
+
+    assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Tests skipping fields of each type by interleaving them with sentinel
+   * values and skipping everything that's not a sentinel.
+   */
+  it('testSkipField', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var sentinel = 123456789;
+
+    // Write varint fields of different sizes.
+    writer.writeInt32(1, sentinel);
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 1);
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 1000);
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 1000000);
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 1000000000);
+
+    // Write fixed 64-bit encoded fields.
+    writer.writeInt32(2, sentinel);
+    writer.writeDouble(2, 1);
+    writer.writeFixed64(2, 1);
+    writer.writeSfixed64(2, 1);
+
+    // Write fixed 32-bit encoded fields.
+    writer.writeInt32(3, sentinel);
+    writer.writeFloat(3, 1);
+    writer.writeFixed32(3, 1);
+    writer.writeSfixed32(3, 1);
+
+    // Write delimited fields.
+    writer.writeInt32(4, sentinel);
+    writer.writeBytes(4, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]);
+    writer.writeString(4, 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog');
+
+    // Write a group with a nested group inside.
+    writer.writeInt32(5, sentinel);
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+    writer.writeGroup(5, dummyMessage, function() {
+      writer.writeInt64(42, 42);
+      writer.writeGroup(6, dummyMessage, function() {
+        writer.writeInt64(84, 42);
+      });
+    });
+
+    // Write final sentinel.
+    writer.writeInt32(6, sentinel);
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    function skip(field, count) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        reader.nextField();
+        if (field != reader.getFieldNumber()) throw 'fail!';
+        reader.skipField();
+      }
+    }
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(1, 4);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(2, 3);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(3, 3);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(4, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(4, 2);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(5, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+    skip(5, 1);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(6, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests packed fields.
+   */
+  it('testPackedFields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var sentinel = 123456789;
+
+    var unsignedData = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
+    var signedData = [-1, 2, -3, 4, -5, 6, -7, 8, -9, 10];
+    var floatData = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 7.7, 8.8, 9.9, 10.10];
+    var doubleData = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 7.7, 8.8, 9.9, 10.10];
+    var boolData = [true, false, true, true, false, false, true, false];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < floatData.length; i++) {
+      floatData[i] = truncate(floatData[i]);
+    }
+
+    writer.writeInt32(1, sentinel);
+
+    writer.writePackedInt32(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedInt64(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedUint32(2, unsignedData);
+    writer.writePackedUint64(2, unsignedData);
+    writer.writePackedSint32(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedSint64(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedFixed32(2, unsignedData);
+    writer.writePackedFixed64(2, unsignedData);
+    writer.writePackedSfixed32(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedSfixed64(2, signedData);
+    writer.writePackedFloat(2, floatData);
+    writer.writePackedDouble(2, doubleData);
+    writer.writePackedBool(2, boolData);
+    writer.writePackedEnum(2, unsignedData);
+
+    writer.writeInt32(3, sentinel);
+
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedInt32(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedInt64(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedUint32(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedUint64(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedSint32(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedSint64(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedFixed32(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedFixed64(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedSfixed32(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedSfixed64(), signedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedFloat(), floatData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedDouble(), doubleData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedBool(), boolData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertElementsEquals(reader.readPackedEnum(), unsignedData);
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(sentinel, reader.readInt32());
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Byte blobs inside nested messages should always have their byte offset set
+   * relative to the start of the outermost blob, not the start of their parent
+   * blob.
+   */
+  it('testNestedBlobs', function() {
+    // Create a proto consisting of two nested messages, with the inner one
+    // containing a blob of bytes.
+
+    var fieldTag = (1 << 3) | jspb.BinaryConstants.WireType.DELIMITED;
+    var blob = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+
+    writer.writeMessage(1, dummyMessage, function() {
+      writer.writeMessage(1, dummyMessage, function() {
+        writer.writeBytes(1, blob);
+      });
+    });
+
+    // Peel off the outer two message layers. Each layer should have two bytes
+    // of overhead, one for the field tag and one for the length of the inner
+    // blob.
+
+    var decoder1 = new jspb.BinaryDecoder(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(fieldTag, decoder1.readUnsignedVarint32());
+    assertEquals(blob.length + 4, decoder1.readUnsignedVarint32());
+
+    var decoder2 = new jspb.BinaryDecoder(decoder1.readBytes(blob.length + 4));
+    assertEquals(fieldTag, decoder2.readUnsignedVarint32());
+    assertEquals(blob.length + 2, decoder2.readUnsignedVarint32());
+
+    assertEquals(fieldTag, decoder2.readUnsignedVarint32());
+    assertEquals(blob.length, decoder2.readUnsignedVarint32());
+    var bytes = decoder2.readBytes(blob.length);
+
+    assertElementsEquals(bytes, blob);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests read callbacks.
+   */
+  it('testReadCallbacks', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+
+    // Add an int, a submessage, and another int.
+    writer.writeInt32(1, 100);
+
+    writer.writeMessage(2, dummyMessage, function() {
+      writer.writeInt32(3, 300);
+      writer.writeInt32(4, 400);
+      writer.writeInt32(5, 500);
+    });
+
+    writer.writeInt32(7, 700);
+
+    // Create the reader and register a custom read callback.
+    var reader = jspb.BinaryReader.alloc(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    /**
+     * @param {!jspb.BinaryReader} reader
+     * @return {*}
+     */
+    function readCallback(reader) {
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(3, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(300, reader.readInt32());
+
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(4, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(400, reader.readInt32());
+
+      reader.nextField();
+      assertEquals(5, reader.getFieldNumber());
+      assertEquals(500, reader.readInt32());
+
+      assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+    };
+
+    reader.registerReadCallback('readCallback', readCallback);
+
+    // Read the container message.
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(1, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(100, reader.readInt32());
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(2, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    reader.readMessage(dummyMessage, function() {
+      // Decode the embedded message using the registered callback.
+      reader.runReadCallback('readCallback');
+    });
+
+    reader.nextField();
+    assertEquals(7, reader.getFieldNumber());
+    assertEquals(700, reader.readInt32());
+
+    assertEquals(false, reader.nextField());
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/utils_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/utils_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abc36aac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/utils_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for jspb's helper functions.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.crypt.base64');
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryConstants');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+goog.require('jspb.utils');
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {number} x
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+function truncate(x) {
+  var temp = new Float32Array(1);
+  temp[0] = x;
+  return temp[0];
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts an 64-bit integer in split representation to a 64-bit hash string
+ * (8 bits encoded per character).
+ * @param {number} bitsLow The low 32 bits of the split 64-bit integer.
+ * @param {number} bitsHigh The high 32 bits of the split 64-bit integer.
+ * @return {string} The encoded hash string, 8 bits per character.
+ */
+function toHashString(bitsLow, bitsHigh) {
+  return String.fromCharCode((bitsLow >>> 0) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsLow >>> 8) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsLow >>> 16) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsLow >>> 24) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsHigh >>> 0) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsHigh >>> 8) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsHigh >>> 16) & 0xFF,
+                             (bitsHigh >>> 24) & 0xFF);
+}
+
+
+describe('binaryUtilsTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Tests lossless binary-to-decimal conversion.
+   */
+  it('testDecimalConversion', function() {
+    // Check some magic numbers.
+    var result =
+        jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x89e80001, 0x8ac72304);
+    assertEquals('10000000000000000001', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0xacd05f15, 0x1b69b4b);
+    assertEquals('123456789123456789', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0xeb1f0ad2, 0xab54a98c);
+    assertEquals('12345678901234567890', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0xe3b70cb1, 0x891087b8);
+    assertEquals('9876543210987654321', result);
+
+    // Check limits.
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00000000);
+    assertEquals('0', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    assertEquals('18446744073709551615', result);
+
+    // Check each bit of the low dword.
+    for (var i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+      var low = (1 << i) >>> 0;
+      result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(low, 0);
+      assertEquals('' + Math.pow(2, i), result);
+    }
+
+    // Check the first 20 bits of the high dword.
+    for (var i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+      var high = (1 << i) >>> 0;
+      result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0, high);
+      assertEquals('' + Math.pow(2, 32 + i), result);
+    }
+
+    // V8's internal double-to-string conversion is inaccurate for values above
+    // 2^52, even if they're representable integers - check the rest of the bits
+    // manually against the correct string representations of 2^N.
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00100000);
+    assertEquals('4503599627370496', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00200000);
+    assertEquals('9007199254740992', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00400000);
+    assertEquals('18014398509481984', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x00800000);
+    assertEquals('36028797018963968', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x01000000);
+    assertEquals('72057594037927936', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x02000000);
+    assertEquals('144115188075855872', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x04000000);
+    assertEquals('288230376151711744', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x08000000);
+    assertEquals('576460752303423488', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x10000000);
+    assertEquals('1152921504606846976', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x20000000);
+    assertEquals('2305843009213693952', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x40000000);
+    assertEquals('4611686018427387904', result);
+
+    result = jspb.utils.joinUnsignedDecimalString(0x00000000, 0x80000000);
+    assertEquals('9223372036854775808', result);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Going from hash strings to decimal strings should also be lossless.
+   */
+  it('testHashToDecimalConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.hash64ToDecimalString;
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x00000000), false);
+    assertEquals('0', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x00000000), true);
+    assertEquals('0', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF), false);
+    assertEquals('18446744073709551615', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF), true);
+    assertEquals('-1', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x80000000), false);
+    assertEquals('9223372036854775808', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x80000000), true);
+    assertEquals('-9223372036854775808', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0xacd05f15, 0x01b69b4b), false);
+    assertEquals('123456789123456789', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(~0xacd05f15 + 1, ~0x01b69b4b), true);
+    assertEquals('-123456789123456789', result);
+
+    // And converting arrays of hashes should work the same way.
+    result = jspb.utils.hash64ArrayToDecimalStrings([
+      toHashString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF),
+      toHashString(0x00000000, 0x80000000),
+      toHashString(0xacd05f15, 0x01b69b4b)], false);
+    assertEquals(3, result.length);
+    assertEquals('18446744073709551615', result[0]);
+    assertEquals('9223372036854775808', result[1]);
+    assertEquals('123456789123456789', result[2]);
+  });
+
+  /*
+   * Going from decimal strings to hash strings should be lossless.
+   */
+  it('testDecimalToHashConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.decimalStringToHash64;
+
+    result = convert('0');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+      [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]), result);
+
+    result = convert('-1');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+      [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF]), result);
+
+    result = convert('18446744073709551615');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+      [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF]), result);
+
+    result = convert('9223372036854775808');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+      [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80]), result);
+
+    result = convert('-9223372036854775808');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+      [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80]), result);
+
+    result = convert('123456789123456789');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+      [0x15, 0x5F, 0xD0, 0xAC, 0x4B, 0x9B, 0xB6, 0x01]), result);
+
+    result = convert('-123456789123456789');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+      [0xEB, 0xA0, 0x2F, 0x53, 0xB4, 0x64, 0x49, 0xFE]), result);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Going from hash strings to hex strings should be lossless.
+   */
+  it('testHashToHexConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString;
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x00000000, 0x00000000));
+    assertEquals('0x0000000000000000', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF));
+    assertEquals('0xffffffffffffffff', result);
+
+    result = convert(toHashString(0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0));
+    assertEquals('0x9abcdef012345678', result);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Going from hex strings to hash strings should be lossless.
+   */
+  it('testHexToHashConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.hexStringToHash64;
+
+    result = convert('0x0000000000000000');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+        [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]), result);
+
+    result = convert('0xffffffffffffffff');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+        [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF]), result);
+
+    // Hex string is big-endian, hash string is little-endian.
+    result = convert('0x123456789ABCDEF0');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+        [0xF0, 0xDE, 0xBC, 0x9A, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12]), result);
+
+    // Capitalization should not matter.
+    result = convert('0x0000abcdefABCDEF');
+    assertEquals(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,
+        [0xEF, 0xCD, 0xAB, 0xEF, 0xCD, 0xAB, 0x00, 0x00]), result);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Going from numbers to hash strings should be lossless for up to 53 bits of
+   * precision.
+   */
+  it('testNumberToHashConversion', function() {
+    var result;
+    var convert = jspb.utils.numberToHash64;
+
+    result = convert(0x0000000000000);
+    assertEquals('0x0000000000000000', jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result));
+
+    result = convert(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
+    assertEquals('0x000fffffffffffff', jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result));
+
+    result = convert(0x123456789ABCD);
+    assertEquals('0x000123456789abcd', jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result));
+
+    result = convert(0xDCBA987654321);
+    assertEquals('0x000dcba987654321', jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result));
+
+    // 53 bits of precision should not be truncated.
+    result = convert(0x10000000000001);
+    assertEquals('0x0010000000000001', jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result));
+
+    // 54 bits of precision should be truncated.
+    result = convert(0x20000000000001);
+    assertNotEquals(
+        '0x0020000000000001', jspb.utils.hash64ToHexString(result));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Sanity check the behavior of Javascript's strings when doing funny things
+   * with unicode characters.
+   */
+  it('sanityCheckUnicodeStrings', function() {
+    var strings = new Array(65536);
+
+    // All possible unsigned 16-bit values should be storable in a string, they
+    // shouldn't do weird things with the length of the string, and they should
+    // come back out of the string unchanged.
+    for (var i = 0; i < 65536; i++) {
+      strings[i] = 'a' + String.fromCharCode(i) + 'a';
+      if (3 != strings[i].length) throw 'fail!';
+      if (i != strings[i].charCodeAt(1)) throw 'fail!';
+    }
+
+    // Each unicode character should compare equal to itself and not equal to a
+    // different unicode character.
+    for (var i = 0; i < 65536; i++) {
+      if (strings[i] != strings[i]) throw 'fail!';
+      if (strings[i] == strings[(i + 1) % 65536]) throw 'fail!';
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests conversion from 32-bit floating point numbers to split64 numbers.
+   */
+  it('testFloat32ToSplit64', function() {
+    var f32_eps = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_EPS;
+    var f32_min = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MIN;
+    var f32_max = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT32_MAX;
+
+    // NaN.
+    jspb.utils.splitFloat32(NaN);
+    if (!isNaN(jspb.utils.joinFloat32(jspb.utils.split64Low,
+                                      jspb.utils.split64High))) {
+      throw 'fail!';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param {number} x
+     * @param {number=} opt_bits
+     */
+    function test(x, opt_bits) {
+      jspb.utils.splitFloat32(x);
+      if (opt_bits !== undefined) {
+        if (opt_bits != jspb.utils.split64Low) throw 'fail!';
+      }
+      if (truncate(x) != jspb.utils.joinFloat32(jspb.utils.split64Low,
+          jspb.utils.split64High)) {
+        throw 'fail!';
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Positive and negative infinity.
+    test(Infinity, 0x7f800000);
+    test(-Infinity, 0xff800000);
+
+    // Positive and negative zero.
+    test(0, 0x00000000);
+    test(-0, 0x80000000);
+
+    // Positive and negative epsilon.
+    test(f32_eps, 0x00000001);
+    test(-f32_eps, 0x80000001);
+
+    // Positive and negative min.
+    test(f32_min, 0x00800000);
+    test(-f32_min, 0x80800000);
+
+    // Positive and negative max.
+    test(f32_max, 0x7F7FFFFF);
+    test(-f32_max, 0xFF7FFFFF);
+
+    // Various positive values.
+    var cursor = f32_eps * 10;
+    while (cursor != Infinity) {
+      test(cursor);
+      cursor *= 1.1;
+    }
+
+    // Various negative values.
+    cursor = -f32_eps * 10;
+    while (cursor != -Infinity) {
+      test(cursor);
+      cursor *= 1.1;
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests conversion from 64-bit floating point numbers to split64 numbers.
+   */
+  it('testFloat64ToSplit64', function() {
+    var f64_eps = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_EPS;
+    var f64_min = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MIN;
+    var f64_max = jspb.BinaryConstants.FLOAT64_MAX;
+
+    // NaN.
+    jspb.utils.splitFloat64(NaN);
+    if (!isNaN(jspb.utils.joinFloat64(jspb.utils.split64Low,
+        jspb.utils.split64High))) {
+      throw 'fail!';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param {number} x
+     * @param {number=} opt_highBits
+     * @param {number=} opt_lowBits
+     */
+    function test(x, opt_highBits, opt_lowBits) {
+      jspb.utils.splitFloat64(x);
+      if (opt_highBits !== undefined) {
+        if (opt_highBits != jspb.utils.split64High) throw 'fail!';
+      }
+      if (opt_lowBits !== undefined) {
+        if (opt_lowBits != jspb.utils.split64Low) throw 'fail!';
+      }
+      if (x != jspb.utils.joinFloat64(jspb.utils.split64Low,
+          jspb.utils.split64High)) {
+        throw 'fail!';
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Positive and negative infinity.
+    test(Infinity, 0x7ff00000, 0x00000000);
+    test(-Infinity, 0xfff00000, 0x00000000);
+
+    // Positive and negative zero.
+    test(0, 0x00000000, 0x00000000);
+    test(-0, 0x80000000, 0x00000000);
+
+    // Positive and negative epsilon.
+    test(f64_eps, 0x00000000, 0x00000001);
+    test(-f64_eps, 0x80000000, 0x00000001);
+
+    // Positive and negative min.
+    test(f64_min, 0x00100000, 0x00000000);
+    test(-f64_min, 0x80100000, 0x00000000);
+
+    // Positive and negative max.
+    test(f64_max, 0x7FEFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    test(-f64_max, 0xFFEFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+
+    // Various positive values.
+    var cursor = f64_eps * 10;
+    while (cursor != Infinity) {
+      test(cursor);
+      cursor *= 1.1;
+    }
+
+    // Various negative values.
+    cursor = -f64_eps * 10;
+    while (cursor != -Infinity) {
+      test(cursor);
+      cursor *= 1.1;
+    }
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting packed varints.
+   */
+  it('testCountVarints', function() {
+    var values = [];
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      values.push(Math.floor(i));
+    }
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    writer.writePackedUint64(1, values);
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+
+    // We should have two more varints than we started with - one for the field
+    // tag, one for the packed length.
+    assertEquals(values.length + 2,
+                 jspb.utils.countVarints(buffer, 0, buffer.length));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting matching varint fields.
+   */
+  it('testCountVarintFields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeUint64(1, Math.floor(i));
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countVarintFields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 1));
+
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeUint64(123456789, Math.floor(i));
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countVarintFields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 123456789));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting matching fixed32 fields.
+   */
+  it('testCountFixed32Fields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeFixed32(1, Math.floor(i));
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countFixed32Fields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 1));
+
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeFixed32(123456789, Math.floor(i));
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countFixed32Fields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 123456789));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting matching fixed64 fields.
+   */
+  it('testCountFixed64Fields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeDouble(1, i);
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countFixed64Fields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 1));
+
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000000000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeDouble(123456789, i);
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countFixed64Fields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 123456789));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests counting matching delimited fields.
+   */
+  it('testCountDelimitedFields', function() {
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    var count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeBytes(1, [Math.floor(i)]);
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    var buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countDelimitedFields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 1));
+
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    count = 0;
+    for (var i = 1; i < 1000; i *= 1.1) {
+      writer.writeBytes(123456789, [Math.floor(i)]);
+      count++;
+    }
+    writer.writeString(2, 'terminator');
+
+    buffer = new Uint8Array(writer.getResultBuffer());
+    assertEquals(count,
+        jspb.utils.countDelimitedFields(buffer, 0, buffer.length, 123456789));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests byte format for debug strings.
+   */
+  it('testDebugBytesToTextFormat', function() {
+    assertEquals('""', jspb.utils.debugBytesToTextFormat(null));
+    assertEquals('"\\x00\\x10\\xff"',
+        jspb.utils.debugBytesToTextFormat([0, 16, 255]));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests converting byte blob sources into byte blobs.
+   */
+  it('testByteSourceToUint8Array', function() {
+    var convert = jspb.utils.byteSourceToUint8Array;
+
+    var sourceData = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+      sourceData.push(i);
+    }
+
+    var sourceBytes = new Uint8Array(sourceData);
+    var sourceBuffer = sourceBytes.buffer;
+    var sourceBase64 = goog.crypt.base64.encodeByteArray(sourceData);
+    var sourceString = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, sourceData);
+
+    function check(result) {
+      assertEquals(Uint8Array, result.constructor);
+      assertEquals(sourceData.length, result.length);
+      for (var i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
+        assertEquals(sourceData[i], result[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Converting Uint8Arrays into Uint8Arrays should be a no-op.
+    assertEquals(sourceBytes, convert(sourceBytes));
+
+    // Converting Array.<numbers> into Uint8Arrays should work.
+    check(convert(sourceData));
+
+    // Converting ArrayBuffers into Uint8Arrays should work.
+    check(convert(sourceBuffer));
+
+    // Converting base64-encoded strings into Uint8Arrays should work.
+    check(convert(sourceBase64));
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/writer_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/writer_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5dadb413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/binary/writer_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Test cases for jspb's binary protocol buffer writer. In
+ * practice BinaryWriter is used to drive the Decoder and Reader test cases,
+ * so only writer-specific tests are here.
+ *
+ * Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+ *
+ * @author aappleby@google.com (Austin Appleby)
+ */
+
+goog.require('goog.crypt');
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {function()} func This function should throw an error when run.
+ */
+function assertFails(func) {
+  var e = assertThrows(func);
+  //assertNotNull(e.toString().match(/Error/));
+}
+
+
+describe('binaryWriterTest', function() {
+  /**
+   * Verifies that misuse of the writer class triggers assertions.
+   */
+  it('testWriteErrors', function() {
+    // Submessages with invalid field indices should assert.
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    var dummyMessage = /** @type {!jspb.BinaryMessage} */({});
+
+    assertFails(function() {
+      writer.writeMessage(-1, dummyMessage, goog.nullFunction);
+    });
+
+    // Writing invalid field indices should assert.
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint64(-1, 1);});
+
+    // Writing out-of-range field values should assert.
+    writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeInt32(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeInt32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeInt64(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeInt64(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint32(1, -1);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint64(1, -1);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeUint64(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSint32(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSint32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSint64(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSint64(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeFixed32(1, -1);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeFixed32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeFixed64(1, -1);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeFixed64(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSfixed32(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSfixed32(1, Infinity);});
+
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSfixed64(1, -Infinity);});
+    assertFails(function() {writer.writeSfixed64(1, Infinity);});
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Basic test of retrieving the result as a Uint8Array buffer
+   */
+  it('testGetResultBuffer', function() {
+    var expected = '0864120b48656c6c6f20776f726c641a0301020320c801';
+
+    var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();
+    writer.writeUint32(1, 100);
+    writer.writeString(2, 'Hello world');
+    writer.writeBytes(3, new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]));
+    writer.writeUint32(4, 200);
+
+    var buffer = writer.getResultBuffer();
+    assertEquals(expected, goog.crypt.byteArrayToHex(buffer));
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/commonjs/test6/test6.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/commonjs/test6/test6.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a060925f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/commonjs/test6/test6.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.test.importing;
+
+message ImportedMessage {
+  string string_value = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/commonjs/test7/test7.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/commonjs/test7/test7.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5574a3dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/commonjs/test7/test7.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.test.framing;
+
+import "test6/test6.proto";
+
+message FramingMessage {
+  jspb.test.importing.ImportedMessage imported_message = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/data.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/data.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74a8a994c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/data.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: mwr@google.com (Mark Rawling)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+// legacy data, must be nested
+message data {
+  message NestedData {
+    required string str = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+// new data, does not require nesting
+message UnnestedData {
+  required string str = 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/debug_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/debug_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..702cc76e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/debug_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+goog.setTestOnly();
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: google-protobuf
+goog.require('jspb.debug');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test_pb
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.IsExtension');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Simple1');
+
+
+
+describe('debugTest', function() {
+  it('testSimple1', function() {
+    if (COMPILED) {
+      return;
+    }
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1();
+    message.setAString('foo');
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      $name: 'proto.jspb.test.Simple1',
+      'aString': 'foo',
+      'aRepeatedStringList': []
+    }, jspb.debug.dump(message));
+
+    message.setABoolean(true);
+    message.setARepeatedStringList(['1', '2']);
+
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      $name: 'proto.jspb.test.Simple1',
+      'aString': 'foo',
+      'aRepeatedStringList': ['1', '2'],
+      'aBoolean': true
+    }, jspb.debug.dump(message));
+
+    message.clearAString();
+
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      $name: 'proto.jspb.test.Simple1',
+      'aRepeatedStringList': ['1', '2'],
+      'aBoolean': true
+    }, jspb.debug.dump(message));
+  });
+
+
+  it('testExtensions', function() {
+    if (COMPILED) {
+      return;
+    }
+    var extension = new proto.jspb.test.IsExtension();
+    extension.setExt1('ext1field');
+    var extendable = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions();
+    extendable.setStr1('v1');
+    extendable.setStr2('v2');
+    extendable.setStr3('v3');
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extension);
+
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      '$name': 'proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions',
+      'str1': 'v1',
+      'str2': 'v2',
+      'str3': 'v3',
+      '$extensions': {
+        'extField': {
+          '$name': 'proto.jspb.test.IsExtension',
+          'ext1': 'ext1field'
+        },
+        'repeatedSimpleList': []
+      }
+    }, jspb.debug.dump(extendable));
+  });
+
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/maps_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/maps_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d442f4fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/maps_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('goog.userAgent');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: testbinary_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessage');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestMapFields');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessageNoBinary');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsNoBinary');
+
+/**
+ * Helper: check that the given map has exactly this set of (sorted) entries.
+ * @param {!jspb.Map} map
+ * @param {!Array<!Array<?>>} entries
+ */
+function checkMapEquals(map, entries) {
+  var arr = map.toArray();
+  assertEquals(arr.length, entries.length);
+  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+    assertElementsEquals(arr[i], entries[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts an ES6 iterator to an array.
+ * @template T
+ * @param {!Iterator<T>} iter an iterator
+ * @return {!Array<T>}
+ */
+function toArray(iter) {
+  var arr = [];
+  while (true) {
+    var val = iter.next();
+    if (val.done) {
+      break;
+    }
+    arr.push(val.value);
+  }
+  return arr;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: generate test methods for this TestMapFields class.
+ * @param {?} msgInfo
+ * @param {?} submessageCtor
+ * @param {!string} suffix
+ */
+function makeTests(msgInfo, submessageCtor, suffix) {
+  /**
+   * Helper: fill all maps on a TestMapFields.
+   * @param {?} msg
+   */
+  var fillMapFields = function(msg) {
+    msg.getMapStringStringMap().set('asdf', 'jkl;').set('key 2', 'hello world');
+    msg.getMapStringInt32Map().set('a', 1).set('b', -2);
+    msg.getMapStringInt64Map().set('c', 0x100000000).set('d', 0x200000000);
+    msg.getMapStringBoolMap().set('e', true).set('f', false);
+    msg.getMapStringDoubleMap().set('g', 3.14159).set('h', 2.71828);
+    msg.getMapStringEnumMap()
+        .set('i', proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum.MAP_VALUE_BAR)
+        .set('j', proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum.MAP_VALUE_BAZ);
+    msg.getMapStringMsgMap()
+        .set('k', new submessageCtor())
+        .set('l', new submessageCtor());
+    msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get('k').setFoo(42);
+    msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get('l').setFoo(84);
+    msg.getMapInt32StringMap().set(-1, 'a').set(42, 'b');
+    msg.getMapInt64StringMap().set(0x123456789abc, 'c').set(0xcba987654321, 'd');
+    msg.getMapBoolStringMap().set(false, 'e').set(true, 'f');
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Helper: check all maps on a TestMapFields.
+   * @param {?} msg
+   */
+  var checkMapFields = function(msg) {
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringStringMap(), [
+          ['asdf', 'jkl;'],
+          ['key 2', 'hello world']
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringInt32Map(), [
+          ['a', 1],
+          ['b', -2]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringInt64Map(), [
+          ['c', 0x100000000],
+          ['d', 0x200000000]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringBoolMap(), [
+          ['e', true],
+          ['f', false]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringDoubleMap(), [
+          ['g', 3.14159],
+          ['h', 2.71828]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringEnumMap(), [
+          ['i', proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum.MAP_VALUE_BAR],
+          ['j', proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum.MAP_VALUE_BAZ]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapInt32StringMap(), [
+          [-1, 'a'],
+          [42, 'b']
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapInt64StringMap(), [
+          [0x123456789abc, 'c'],
+          [0xcba987654321, 'd']
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapBoolStringMap(), [
+          [false, 'e'],
+          [true, 'f']
+    ]);
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().getLength(), 2);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get('k').getFoo(), 42);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get('l').getFoo(), 84);
+
+    var entries = toArray(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().entries());
+    assertEquals(entries.length, 2);
+    entries.forEach(function(entry) {
+      var key = entry[0];
+      var val = entry[1];
+      assert(val === msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get(key));
+    });
+
+    msg.getMapStringMsgMap().forEach(function(val, key) {
+      assert(val === msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get(key));
+    });
+  };
+
+  it('testMapStringStringField' + suffix, function() {
+    var msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringStringMap().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringInt32Map().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringInt64Map().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringBoolMap().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringDoubleMap().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringEnumMap().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().getLength(), 0);
+
+    // Re-create to clear out any internally-cached wrappers, etc.
+    msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+    var m = msg.getMapStringStringMap();
+    assertEquals(m.has('asdf'), false);
+    assertEquals(m.get('asdf'), undefined);
+    m.set('asdf', 'hello world');
+    assertEquals(m.has('asdf'), true);
+    assertEquals(m.get('asdf'), 'hello world');
+    m.set('jkl;', 'key 2');
+    assertEquals(m.has('jkl;'), true);
+    assertEquals(m.get('jkl;'), 'key 2');
+    assertEquals(m.getLength(), 2);
+    var it = m.entries();
+    assertElementsEquals(it.next().value, ['asdf', 'hello world']);
+    assertElementsEquals(it.next().value, ['jkl;', 'key 2']);
+    assertEquals(it.next().done, true);
+    checkMapEquals(m, [
+        ['asdf', 'hello world'],
+        ['jkl;', 'key 2']
+    ]);
+    m.del('jkl;');
+    assertEquals(m.has('jkl;'), false);
+    assertEquals(m.get('jkl;'), undefined);
+    assertEquals(m.getLength(), 1);
+    it = m.keys();
+    assertEquals(it.next().value, 'asdf');
+    assertEquals(it.next().done, true);
+    it = m.values();
+    assertEquals(it.next().value, 'hello world');
+    assertEquals(it.next().done, true);
+
+    var count = 0;
+    m.forEach(function(value, key, map) {
+      assertEquals(map, m);
+      assertEquals(key, 'asdf');
+      assertEquals(value, 'hello world');
+      count++;
+    });
+    assertEquals(count, 1);
+
+    m.clear();
+    assertEquals(m.getLength(), 0);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests operations on maps with all key and value types.
+   */
+  it('testAllMapTypes' + suffix, function() {
+    var msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+    fillMapFields(msg);
+    checkMapFields(msg);
+  });
+
+
+  if (msgInfo.deserializeBinary) {
+    /**
+     * Tests serialization and deserialization in binary format.
+     */
+    it('testBinaryFormat' + suffix, function() {
+      if (goog.userAgent.IE && !goog.userAgent.isDocumentModeOrHigher(10)) {
+        // IE8/9 currently doesn't support binary format because they lack
+        // TypedArray.
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Check that the format is correct.
+      var msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+      msg.getMapStringStringMap().set('A', 'a');
+      var serialized = msg.serializeBinary();
+      var expectedSerialized = [
+          0x0a, 0x6, // field 1 (map_string_string), delimited, length 6
+          0x0a, 0x1, // field 1 in submessage (key), delimited, length 1
+          0x41,      // ASCII 'A'
+          0x12, 0x1, // field 2 in submessage (value), delimited, length 1
+          0x61       // ASCII 'a'
+      ];
+      assertEquals(serialized.length, expectedSerialized.length);
+      for (var i = 0; i < serialized.length; i++) {
+        assertEquals(serialized[i], expectedSerialized[i]);
+      }
+
+      // Check that all map fields successfully round-trip.
+      msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+      fillMapFields(msg);
+      serialized = msg.serializeBinary();
+      var decoded = msgInfo.deserializeBinary(serialized);
+      checkMapFields(decoded);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Exercises the lazy map<->underlying array sync.
+   */
+  it('testLazyMapSync' + suffix, function() {
+    // Start with a JSPB array containing a few map entries.
+    var entries = [
+        ['a', 'entry 1'],
+        ['c', 'entry 2'],
+        ['b', 'entry 3']
+    ];
+    var msg = new msgInfo.constructor([entries]);
+    assertEquals(entries.length, 3);
+    assertEquals(entries[0][0], 'a');
+    assertEquals(entries[1][0], 'c');
+    assertEquals(entries[2][0], 'b');
+    msg.getMapStringStringMap().del('a');
+    assertEquals(entries.length, 3);  // not yet sync'd
+    msg.toArray();                // force a sync
+    assertEquals(entries.length, 2);
+    assertEquals(entries[0][0], 'b'); // now in sorted order
+    assertEquals(entries[1][0], 'c');
+
+    var a = msg.toArray();
+    assertEquals(a[0], entries);  // retains original reference
+  });
+}
+
+describe('mapsTest', function() {
+  makeTests({
+    constructor: proto.jspb.test.TestMapFields,
+    deserializeBinary: proto.jspb.test.TestMapFields.deserializeBinary
+  }, proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessage, "_Binary");
+  makeTests({
+    constructor: proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsNoBinary,
+    deserializeBinary: null
+  }, proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessageNoBinary, "_NoBinary");
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/message_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/message_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80a1c52b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/message_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1033 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+
+goog.setTestOnly();
+
+goog.require('goog.json');
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('goog.userAgent');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: google-protobuf jspb
+goog.require('jspb.Message');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test5_pb proto.jspb.exttest.beta
+goog.require('proto.jspb.exttest.beta.floatingStrField');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test3_pb proto.jspb.exttest
+goog.require('proto.jspb.exttest.floatingMsgField');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test4_pb proto.jspb.exttest
+goog.require('proto.jspb.exttest.floatingMsgFieldTwo');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Complex');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Empty');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.EnumContainer');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.floatingMsgField');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.FloatingPointFields');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.floatingStrField');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.IsExtension');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.OptionalFields');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.OuterEnum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.OuterMessage.Complex');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Simple1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Simple2');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.SpecialCases');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestClone');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestEndsWithBytes');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestGroup');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestGroup1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNames');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNamesExtension');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test2_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ExtensionMessage');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestExtensionsMessage');
+
+
+
+
+describe('Message test suite', function() {
+  it('testEmptyProto', function() {
+    var empty1 = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([]);
+    var empty2 = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([]);
+    assertObjectEquals({}, empty1.toObject());
+    assertObjectEquals('Message should not be corrupted:', empty2, empty1);
+  });
+
+  it('testTopLevelEnum', function() {
+    var response = new proto.jspb.test.EnumContainer([]);
+    response.setOuterEnum(proto.jspb.test.OuterEnum.FOO);
+    assertEquals(proto.jspb.test.OuterEnum.FOO, response.getOuterEnum());
+  });
+
+  it('testByteStrings', function() {
+    var data = new proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues([]);
+    data.setBytesField('some_bytes');
+    assertEquals('some_bytes', data.getBytesField());
+  });
+
+  it('testComplexConversion', function() {
+    var data1 = ['a',,, [, 11], [[, 22], [, 33]],, ['s1', 's2'],, true];
+    var data2 = ['a',,, [, 11], [[, 22], [, 33]],, ['s1', 's2'],, true];
+    var foo = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data1);
+    var bar = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data2);
+    var result = foo.toObject();
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      aString: 'a',
+      anOutOfOrderBool: true,
+      aNestedMessage: {
+        anInt: 11
+      },
+      aRepeatedMessageList: [{anInt: 22}, {anInt: 33}],
+      aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2']
+    }, result);
+
+    // Now test with the jspb instances included.
+    result = foo.toObject(true /* opt_includeInstance */);
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      aString: 'a',
+      anOutOfOrderBool: true,
+      aNestedMessage: {
+        anInt: 11,
+        $jspbMessageInstance: foo.getANestedMessage()
+      },
+      aRepeatedMessageList: [
+        {anInt: 22, $jspbMessageInstance: foo.getARepeatedMessageList()[0]},
+        {anInt: 33, $jspbMessageInstance: foo.getARepeatedMessageList()[1]}
+      ],
+      aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'],
+      $jspbMessageInstance: foo
+    }, result);
+
+  });
+
+  it('testMissingFields', function() {
+    var foo = new proto.jspb.test.Complex([
+        undefined, undefined, undefined, [],
+        undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined]);
+    var bar = new proto.jspb.test.Complex([
+        undefined, undefined, undefined, [],
+        undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined]);
+    var result = foo.toObject();
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      aString: undefined,
+      anOutOfOrderBool: undefined,
+      aNestedMessage: {
+        anInt: undefined
+      },
+      // Note: JsPb converts undefined repeated fields to empty arrays.
+      aRepeatedMessageList: [],
+      aRepeatedStringList: []
+    }, result);
+
+  });
+
+  it('testNestedComplexMessage', function() {
+    // Instantiate the message and set a unique field, just to ensure that we
+    // are not getting jspb.test.Complex instead.
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.OuterMessage.Complex();
+    msg.setInnerComplexField(5);
+  });
+
+  it('testSpecialCases', function() {
+    // Note: Some property names are reserved in JavaScript.
+    // These names are converted to the Js property named pb_<reserved_name>.
+    var special =
+        new proto.jspb.test.SpecialCases(['normal', 'default', 'function',
+        'var']);
+    var result = special.toObject();
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      normal: 'normal',
+      pb_default: 'default',
+      pb_function: 'function',
+      pb_var: 'var'
+    }, result);
+  });
+
+  it('testDefaultValues', function() {
+    var defaultString = "default<>\'\"abc";
+    var response = new proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues();
+
+    // Test toObject
+    var expectedObject = {
+      stringField: defaultString,
+      boolField: true,
+      intField: 11,
+      enumField: 13,
+      emptyField: '',
+      bytesField: 'bW9v'
+    };
+    assertObjectEquals(expectedObject, response.toObject());
+
+
+    // Test getters
+    response = new proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues();
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertEquals('', response.getEmptyField());
+    assertEquals('bW9v', response.getBytesField());
+
+    function makeDefault(values) {
+      return new proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues(values);
+    }
+
+    // Test with undefined values,
+    // Use push to workaround IE treating undefined array elements as holes.
+    response = makeDefault([undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined]);
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasStringField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasIntField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasEnumField());
+
+    // Test with null values, as would be returned by a JSON serializer.
+    response = makeDefault([null, null, null, null]);
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasStringField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasIntField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasEnumField());
+
+    // Test with false-like values.
+    response = makeDefault(['', false, 0, 0]);
+    assertEquals('', response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(false, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getIntField() == 0);
+    assertEquals(true, response.getEnumField() == 0);
+    assertTrue(response.hasStringField());
+    assertTrue(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertTrue(response.hasIntField());
+    assertTrue(response.hasEnumField());
+
+    // Test that clearing the values reverts them to the default state.
+    response = makeDefault(['blah', false, 111, 77]);
+    response.clearStringField(); response.clearBoolField();
+    response.clearIntField(); response.clearEnumField();
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasStringField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasIntField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasEnumField());
+
+    // Test that setFoo(null) clears the values.
+    response = makeDefault(['blah', false, 111, 77]);
+    response.setStringField(null); response.setBoolField(null);
+    response.setIntField(undefined); response.setEnumField(undefined);
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasStringField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasIntField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasEnumField());
+  });
+
+  it('testClearFields', function() {
+    var data = ['str', true, [11], [[22], [33]], ['s1', 's2']];
+    var foo = new proto.jspb.test.OptionalFields(data);
+    foo.clearAString();
+    foo.clearABool();
+    foo.clearANestedMessage();
+    foo.clearARepeatedMessageList();
+    foo.clearARepeatedStringList();
+    assertEquals('', foo.getAString());
+    assertEquals(false, foo.getABool());
+    assertUndefined(foo.getANestedMessage());
+    assertFalse(foo.hasAString());
+    assertFalse(foo.hasABool());
+    assertObjectEquals([], foo.getARepeatedMessageList());
+    assertObjectEquals([], foo.getARepeatedStringList());
+    // NOTE: We want the missing fields in 'expected' to be undefined,
+    // but we actually get a sparse array instead. We could use something
+    // like [1,undefined,2] to avoid this, except that this is still
+    // sparse on IE. No comment...
+    var expected = [,,, [], []];
+    expected[0] = expected[1] = expected[2] = undefined;
+    assertObjectEquals(expected, foo.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testDifferenceRawObject', /** @suppress {visibility} */ function() {
+    var p1 = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', 'diff', {}]);
+    var p2 = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', 'what',
+                                               {1000: 'unique'}]);
+    var diff = /** @type {proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions} */
+        (jspb.Message.difference(p1, p2));
+    assertEquals('', diff.getStr1());
+    assertEquals('what', diff.getStr2());
+    assertEquals('', diff.getStr3());
+    assertEquals('unique', diff.extensionObject_[1000]);
+  });
+
+  it('testEqualsSimple', function() {
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi']);
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(s1, new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi'])));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(s1, new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['bye'])));
+    var s1b = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', ['hello']]);
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(s1b,
+        new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', ['hello']])));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(s1b,
+        new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', ['hello', undefined,
+                                            undefined, undefined]])));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(s1b,
+        new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['no', ['hello']])));
+    // Test with messages of different types
+    var s2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple2(['hi']);
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(s1, s2));
+  });
+
+  it('testEquals_softComparison', function() {
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', [], null]);
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(s1,
+        new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', []])));
+
+    var s1b = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', [], true]);
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(s1b,
+        new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', [], 1])));
+  });
+
+  it('testEqualsComplex', function() {
+    var data1 = ['a',,, [, 11], [[, 22], [, 33]],, ['s1', 's2'],, 1];
+    var data2 = ['a',,, [, 11], [[, 22], [, 34]],, ['s1', 's2'],, 1];
+    var data3 = ['a',,, [, 11], [[, 22]],, ['s1', 's2'],, 1];
+    var data4 = ['hi'];
+    var c1a = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data1);
+    var c1b = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data1);
+    var c2 = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data2);
+    var c3 = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data3);
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(data4);
+
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(c1a, c1b));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(c1a, c2));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(c2, c3));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(c1a, s1));
+  });
+
+  it('testEqualsExtensionsConstructed', function() {
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{}])
+    ));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}])
+    ));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'b'}]}])
+    ));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{100: [{200: 'a'}]}])
+    ));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([,,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}])
+    ));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([,,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{100: [{200: 'a'}]}])
+    ));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi',,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}])
+    ));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi',,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}])
+    ));
+  });
+
+  it('testEqualsExtensionsUnconstructed', function() {
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields([], [{}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields([,,, {}], []));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields([,,, {}], [,, {}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], ['hi', {100: [{200: 'b'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        [{100: [{200: 'a'}]}], [{100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        [{100: [{200: 'a'}]}], [,,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        [,,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], [{100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], ['hi',,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        ['hi',,, {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+  });
+
+  it('testToMap', function() {
+    var p1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['k', ['v']]);
+    var p2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['k1', ['v1', 'v2']]);
+    var soymap = jspb.Message.toMap([p1, p2],
+        proto.jspb.test.Simple1.prototype.getAString,
+        proto.jspb.test.Simple1.prototype.toObject);
+    assertEquals('k', soymap['k'].aString);
+    assertArrayEquals(['v'], soymap['k'].aRepeatedStringList);
+    var protomap = jspb.Message.toMap([p1, p2],
+        proto.jspb.test.Simple1.prototype.getAString);
+    assertEquals('k', protomap['k'].getAString());
+    assertArrayEquals(['v'], protomap['k'].getARepeatedStringList());
+  });
+
+  it('testClone', function() {
+    var supportsUint8Array =
+        !goog.userAgent.IE || goog.userAgent.isVersionOrHigher('10');
+    var original = new proto.jspb.test.TestClone();
+    original.setStr('v1');
+    var simple1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x1', ['y1', 'z1']]);
+    var simple2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x2', ['y2', 'z2']]);
+    var simple3 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x3', ['y3', 'z3']]);
+    original.setSimple1(simple1);
+    original.setSimple2List([simple2, simple3]);
+    var bytes1 = supportsUint8Array ? new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]) : '123';
+    original.setBytesField(bytes1);
+    var extension = new proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension();
+    extension.setExt('e1');
+    original.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extension);
+    var clone = original.clone();
+    assertArrayEquals(['v1',, ['x1', ['y1', 'z1']],,
+      [['x2', ['y2', 'z2']], ['x3', ['y3', 'z3']]], bytes1,, { 100: [, 'e1'] }],
+        clone.toArray());
+    clone.setStr('v2');
+    var simple4 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['a1', ['b1', 'c1']]);
+    var simple5 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['a2', ['b2', 'c2']]);
+    var simple6 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['a3', ['b3', 'c3']]);
+    clone.setSimple1(simple4);
+    clone.setSimple2List([simple5, simple6]);
+    if (supportsUint8Array) {
+      clone.getBytesField()[0] = 4;
+      assertObjectEquals(bytes1, original.getBytesField());
+    }
+    var bytes2 = supportsUint8Array ? new Uint8Array([4, 5, 6]) : '456';
+    clone.setBytesField(bytes2);
+    var newExtension = new proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension();
+    newExtension.setExt('e2');
+    clone.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField, newExtension);
+    assertArrayEquals(['v2',, ['a1', ['b1', 'c1']],,
+      [['a2', ['b2', 'c2']], ['a3', ['b3', 'c3']]], bytes2,, { 100: [, 'e2'] }],
+        clone.toArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(['v1',, ['x1', ['y1', 'z1']],,
+      [['x2', ['y2', 'z2']], ['x3', ['y3', 'z3']]], bytes1,, { 100: [, 'e1'] }],
+        original.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testCopyInto', function() {
+    var supportsUint8Array =
+        !goog.userAgent.IE || goog.userAgent.isVersionOrHigher('10');
+    var original = new proto.jspb.test.TestClone();
+    original.setStr('v1');
+    var dest = new proto.jspb.test.TestClone();
+    dest.setStr('override');
+    var simple1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x1', ['y1', 'z1']]);
+    var simple2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x2', ['y2', 'z2']]);
+    var simple3 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x3', ['y3', 'z3']]);
+    var destSimple1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['ox1', ['oy1', 'oz1']]);
+    var destSimple2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['ox2', ['oy2', 'oz2']]);
+    var destSimple3 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['ox3', ['oy3', 'oz3']]);
+    original.setSimple1(simple1);
+    original.setSimple2List([simple2, simple3]);
+    dest.setSimple1(destSimple1);
+    dest.setSimple2List([destSimple2, destSimple3]);
+    var bytes1 = supportsUint8Array ? new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]) : '123';
+    var bytes2 = supportsUint8Array ? new Uint8Array([4, 5, 6]) : '456';
+    original.setBytesField(bytes1);
+    dest.setBytesField(bytes2);
+    var extension = new proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension();
+    extension.setExt('e1');
+    original.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField, extension);
+
+    jspb.Message.copyInto(original, dest);
+    assertArrayEquals(original.toArray(), dest.toArray());
+    assertEquals('x1', dest.getSimple1().getAString());
+    assertEquals('e1',
+        dest.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField).getExt());
+    dest.getSimple1().setAString('new value');
+    assertNotEquals(dest.getSimple1().getAString(),
+        original.getSimple1().getAString());
+    if (supportsUint8Array) {
+      dest.getBytesField()[0] = 7;
+      assertObjectEquals(bytes1, original.getBytesField());
+      assertObjectEquals(new Uint8Array([7, 2, 3]), dest.getBytesField());
+    } else {
+      dest.setBytesField('789');
+      assertObjectEquals(bytes1, original.getBytesField());
+      assertObjectEquals('789', dest.getBytesField());
+    }
+    dest.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField).
+        setExt('new value');
+    assertNotEquals(
+        dest.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField).getExt(),
+        original.getExtension(
+            proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField).getExt());
+  });
+
+  it('testCopyInto_notSameType', function() {
+    var a = new proto.jspb.test.TestClone();
+    var b = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['str', ['s1', 's2']]);
+
+    var e = assertThrows(function() {
+      jspb.Message.copyInto(a, b);
+    });
+    assertContains('should have the same type', e.message);
+  });
+
+  it('testExtensions', function() {
+    var extension1 = new proto.jspb.test.IsExtension(['ext1field']);
+    var extension2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['str', ['s1', 's2']]);
+    var extendable = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['v1', 'v2', 'v3']);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extension1);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple,
+                            extension2);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str, 'xyzzy');
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedStrList,
+        ['a', 'b']);
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['foo', ['s1', 's2']]);
+    var s2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['bar', ['t1', 't2']]);
+    extendable.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedSimpleList,
+        [s1, s2]);
+    assertObjectEquals(extension1,
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField));
+    assertObjectEquals(extension2,
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple));
+    assertObjectEquals('xyzzy',
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str));
+    assertObjectEquals(['a', 'b'], extendable.getExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedStrList));
+    assertObjectEquals([s1, s2], extendable.getExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedSimpleList));
+    // Not supported yet, but it should work...
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple, null);
+    assertNull(
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple));
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str, null);
+    assertNull(extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str));
+
+
+    // Extension fields with jspb.ignore = true are ignored.
+    assertUndefined(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension['ignored']);
+    assertUndefined(proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions['ignoredFloating']);
+  });
+
+  it('testFloatingExtensions', function() {
+    // From an autogenerated container.
+    var extendable = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['v1', 'v2', 'v3']);
+    var extension = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['foo', ['s1', 's2']]);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.simple1, extension);
+    assertObjectEquals(extension,
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.simple1));
+
+    // From _lib mode.
+    extension = new proto.jspb.test.ExtensionMessage(['s1']);
+    extendable = new proto.jspb.test.TestExtensionsMessage([16]);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.floatingMsgField, extension);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.floatingStrField, 's2');
+    assertObjectEquals(extension,
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.floatingMsgField));
+    assertObjectEquals('s2',
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.floatingStrField));
+    assertNotUndefined(proto.jspb.exttest.floatingMsgField);
+    assertNotUndefined(proto.jspb.exttest.floatingMsgFieldTwo);
+    assertNotUndefined(proto.jspb.exttest.beta.floatingStrField);
+  });
+
+  it('testToObject_extendedObject', function() {
+    var extension1 = new proto.jspb.test.IsExtension(['ext1field']);
+    var extension2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['str', ['s1', 's2'], true]);
+    var extendable = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['v1', 'v2', 'v3']);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extension1);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple,
+                            extension2);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str, 'xyzzy');
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedStrList,
+        ['a', 'b']);
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['foo', ['s1', 's2'], true]);
+    var s2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['bar', ['t1', 't2'], false]);
+    extendable.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedSimpleList,
+        [s1, s2]);
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      str1: 'v1', str2: 'v2', str3: 'v3',
+      extField: { ext1: 'ext1field' },
+      simple: {
+        aString: 'str', aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'], aBoolean: true
+      },
+      str: 'xyzzy',
+      repeatedStrList: ['a', 'b'],
+      repeatedSimpleList: [
+        { aString: 'foo', aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'], aBoolean: true},
+        { aString: 'bar', aRepeatedStringList: ['t1', 't2'], aBoolean: false}
+      ]
+    }, extendable.toObject());
+
+    // Now, with instances included.
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      str1: 'v1', str2: 'v2', str3: 'v3',
+      extField: {
+        ext1: 'ext1field',
+        $jspbMessageInstance:
+            extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField)
+      },
+      simple: {
+        aString: 'str',
+        aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'],
+        aBoolean: true,
+        $jspbMessageInstance:
+            extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple)
+      },
+      str: 'xyzzy',
+      repeatedStrList: ['a', 'b'],
+      repeatedSimpleList: [{
+        aString: 'foo',
+        aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'],
+        aBoolean: true,
+        $jspbMessageInstance: s1
+      }, {
+        aString: 'bar',
+        aRepeatedStringList: ['t1', 't2'],
+        aBoolean: false,
+        $jspbMessageInstance: s2
+      }],
+      $jspbMessageInstance: extendable
+    }, extendable.toObject(true /* opt_includeInstance */));
+  });
+
+  it('testInitialization_emptyArray', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([]);
+    assertArrayEquals([], msg.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitialization_justExtensionObject', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([{1: 'hi'}]);
+    // The extensionObject is not moved from its original location.
+    assertArrayEquals([{1: 'hi'}], msg.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitialization_incompleteList', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([1, {4: 'hi'}]);
+    // The extensionObject is not moved from its original location.
+    assertArrayEquals([1, {4: 'hi'}], msg.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitialization_forwardCompatible', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([1, 2, 3, {1: 'hi'}]);
+    assertArrayEquals([1, 2, 3, {1: 'hi'}], msg.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testExtendedMessageEnsureObject',
+     /** @suppress {visibility} */ function() {
+       var data =
+           new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['str1', {'a_key': 'an_object'}]);
+       assertEquals('an_object', data.extensionObject_['a_key']);
+     });
+
+  it('testToObject_hasExtensionField', function() {
+    var data = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['str1', {100: ['ext1']}]);
+    var obj = data.toObject();
+    assertEquals('str1', obj.str1);
+    assertEquals('ext1', obj.extField.ext1);
+  });
+
+  it('testGetExtension', function() {
+    var data = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['str1', {100: ['ext1']}]);
+    assertEquals('str1', data.getStr1());
+    var extension = data.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField);
+    assertNotNull(extension);
+    assertEquals('ext1', extension.getExt1());
+  });
+
+  it('testSetExtension', function() {
+    var data = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions();
+    var extensionMessage = new proto.jspb.test.IsExtension(['is_extension']);
+    data.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extensionMessage);
+    var obj = data.toObject();
+    assertNotNull(
+        data.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField));
+    assertEquals('is_extension', obj.extField.ext1);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Note that group is long deprecated, we only support it because JsPb has
+   * a goal of being able to generate JS classes for all proto descriptors.
+   */
+  it('testGroups', function() {
+    var group = new proto.jspb.test.TestGroup();
+    var someGroup = new proto.jspb.test.TestGroup.RepeatedGroup();
+    someGroup.setId('g1');
+    someGroup.setSomeBoolList([true, false]);
+    group.setRepeatedGroupList([someGroup]);
+    var groups = group.getRepeatedGroupList();
+    assertEquals('g1', groups[0].getId());
+    assertObjectEquals([true, false], groups[0].getSomeBoolList());
+    assertObjectEquals({id: 'g1', someBoolList: [true, false]},
+        groups[0].toObject());
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      repeatedGroupList: [{id: 'g1', someBoolList: [true, false]}],
+      requiredGroup: {id: undefined},
+      optionalGroup: undefined,
+      requiredSimple: {aRepeatedStringList: [], aString: undefined},
+      optionalSimple: undefined,
+      id: undefined
+    }, group.toObject());
+    var group1 = new proto.jspb.test.TestGroup1();
+    group1.setGroup(someGroup);
+    assertEquals(someGroup, group1.getGroup());
+  });
+
+  it('testNonExtensionFieldsAfterExtensionRange', function() {
+    var data = [{'1': 'a_string'}];
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data);
+    assertArrayEquals([], message.getARepeatedStringList());
+  });
+
+  it('testReservedGetterNames', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNames();
+    message.setExtension$(11);
+    message.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNamesExtension.foo, 12);
+    assertEquals(11, message.getExtension$());
+    assertEquals(12, message.getExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNamesExtension.foo));
+    assertObjectEquals({extension: 11, foo: 12}, message.toObject());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitializeMessageWithUnsetOneof', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof([]);
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.
+            PARTIAL_ONEOF_NOT_SET,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.RecursiveOneofCase.
+            RECURSIVE_ONEOF_NOT_SET,
+        message.getRecursiveOneofCase());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitializeMessageWithSingleValueSetInOneof', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof([,, 'x']);
+
+    assertEquals('x', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('', message.getPthree());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.PONE,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+  });
+
+  it('testKeepsLastWireValueSetInUnion_multipleValues', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof([,, 'x',, 'y']);
+
+    assertEquals('', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('y', message.getPthree());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.PTHREE,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+  });
+
+  it('testSettingOneofFieldClearsOthers', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    assertEquals('', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('', message.getPthree());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPthree());
+
+    message.setPone('hi');
+    assertEquals('hi', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('', message.getPthree());
+    assertTrue(message.hasPone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPthree());
+
+    message.setPthree('bye');
+    assertEquals('', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('bye', message.getPthree());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPone());
+    assertTrue(message.hasPthree());
+  });
+
+  it('testSettingOneofFieldDoesNotClearFieldsFromOtherUnions', function() {
+    var other = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    assertEquals('', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('', message.getPthree());
+    assertUndefined(message.getRone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPthree());
+
+    message.setPone('hi');
+    message.setRone(other);
+    assertEquals('hi', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('', message.getPthree());
+    assertEquals(other, message.getRone());
+    assertTrue(message.hasPone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPthree());
+
+    message.setPthree('bye');
+    assertEquals('', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('bye', message.getPthree());
+    assertEquals(other, message.getRone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasPone());
+    assertTrue(message.hasPthree());
+  });
+
+  it('testUnsetsOneofCaseWhenFieldIsCleared', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.
+            PARTIAL_ONEOF_NOT_SET,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+
+    message.setPone('hi');
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.PONE,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+
+    message.clearPone();
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.
+            PARTIAL_ONEOF_NOT_SET,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+  });
+
+  it('testMessageWithDefaultOneofValues', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getAone());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getAtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofACase
+            .DEFAULT_ONEOF_A_NOT_SET,
+        message.getDefaultOneofACase());
+
+    message.setAone(567);
+    assertEquals(567, message.getAone());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getAtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofACase.AONE,
+        message.getDefaultOneofACase());
+
+    message.setAtwo(890);
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getAone());
+    assertEquals(890, message.getAtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofACase.ATWO,
+        message.getDefaultOneofACase());
+
+    message.clearAtwo();
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getAone());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getAtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofACase
+            .DEFAULT_ONEOF_A_NOT_SET,
+        message.getDefaultOneofACase());
+  });
+
+  it('testMessageWithDefaultOneofValues_defaultNotOnFirstField', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    assertEquals(0, message.getBone());
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getBtwo());
+    assertFalse(message.hasBone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasBtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofBCase
+            .DEFAULT_ONEOF_B_NOT_SET,
+        message.getDefaultOneofBCase());
+
+    message.setBone(2);
+    assertEquals(2, message.getBone());
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getBtwo());
+    assertTrue(message.hasBone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasBtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofBCase.BONE,
+        message.getDefaultOneofBCase());
+
+    message.setBtwo(3);
+    assertEquals(0, message.getBone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasBone());
+    assertTrue(message.hasBtwo());
+    assertEquals(3, message.getBtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofBCase.BTWO,
+        message.getDefaultOneofBCase());
+
+    message.clearBtwo();
+    assertEquals(0, message.getBone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasBone());
+    assertFalse(message.hasBtwo());
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getBtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofBCase
+            .DEFAULT_ONEOF_B_NOT_SET,
+        message.getDefaultOneofBCase());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitializeMessageWithOneofDefaults', function() {
+    var message =
+        new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof(new Array(9).concat(567));
+    assertEquals(567, message.getAone());
+    assertEquals(0, message.getAtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofACase.AONE,
+        message.getDefaultOneofACase());
+
+    message =
+        new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof(new Array(10).concat(890));
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getAone());
+    assertEquals(890, message.getAtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofACase.ATWO,
+        message.getDefaultOneofACase());
+
+    message =
+        new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof(new Array(9).concat(567, 890));
+    assertEquals(1234, message.getAone());
+    assertEquals(890, message.getAtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofACase.ATWO,
+        message.getDefaultOneofACase());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitializeMessageWithOneofDefaults_defaultNotSetOnFirstField',
+      function() {
+        var message;
+
+        message =
+            new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof(new Array(11).concat(567));
+        assertEquals(567, message.getBone());
+        assertEquals(1234, message.getBtwo());
+        assertEquals(
+            proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofBCase.BONE,
+            message.getDefaultOneofBCase());
+
+        message =
+            new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof(new Array(12).concat(890));
+        assertEquals(0, message.getBone());
+        assertEquals(890, message.getBtwo());
+        assertEquals(
+            proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofBCase.BTWO,
+            message.getDefaultOneofBCase());
+
+        message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof(
+            new Array(11).concat(567, 890));
+        assertEquals(0, message.getBone());
+        assertEquals(890, message.getBtwo());
+        assertEquals(
+            proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.DefaultOneofBCase.BTWO,
+            message.getDefaultOneofBCase());
+      });
+
+  it('testOneofContainingAnotherMessage', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.RecursiveOneofCase.
+            RECURSIVE_ONEOF_NOT_SET,
+        message.getRecursiveOneofCase());
+
+    var other = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    message.setRone(other);
+    assertEquals(other, message.getRone());
+    assertEquals('', message.getRtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.RecursiveOneofCase.RONE,
+        message.getRecursiveOneofCase());
+
+    message.setRtwo('hi');
+    assertUndefined(message.getRone());
+    assertEquals('hi', message.getRtwo());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.RecursiveOneofCase.RTWO,
+        message.getRecursiveOneofCase());
+  });
+
+  it('testQueryingOneofCaseEnsuresOnlyOneFieldIsSetInUnderlyingArray',
+     function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    message.setPone('x');
+    assertEquals('x', message.getPone());
+    assertEquals('', message.getPthree());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.PONE,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+
+    var array = message.toArray();
+    assertEquals('x', array[2]);
+    assertUndefined(array[4]);
+    array[4] = 'y';
+
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.PTHREE,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+    assertUndefined(array[2]);
+    assertEquals('y', array[4]);
+  });
+
+  it('testFloatingPointFieldsSupportNan', function() {
+    var assertNan = function(x) {
+      assertTrue(
+          'Expected ' + x + ' (' + goog.typeOf(x) + ') to be NaN.',
+          typeof x === 'number' && isNaN(x));
+    };
+
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.FloatingPointFields([
+      'NaN', 'NaN', ['NaN', 'NaN'], 'NaN',
+      'NaN', 'NaN', ['NaN', 'NaN'], 'NaN'
+    ]);
+    assertNan(message.getOptionalFloatField());
+    assertNan(message.getRequiredFloatField());
+    assertNan(message.getRepeatedFloatFieldList()[0]);
+    assertNan(message.getRepeatedFloatFieldList()[1]);
+    assertNan(message.getDefaultFloatField());
+    assertNan(message.getOptionalDoubleField());
+    assertNan(message.getRequiredDoubleField());
+    assertNan(message.getRepeatedDoubleFieldList()[0]);
+    assertNan(message.getRepeatedDoubleFieldList()[1]);
+    assertNan(message.getDefaultDoubleField());
+  });
+
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/proto3_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/proto3_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..696af3397
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/proto3_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+goog.require('goog.crypt.base64');
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: testbinary_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: proto3_test_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestProto3');
+
+
+var BYTES = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 8, 9]);
+var BYTES_B64 = goog.crypt.base64.encodeByteArray(BYTES);
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: compare a bytes field to an expected value
+ * @param {Uint8Array|string} arr
+ * @param {Uint8Array} expected
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+function bytesCompare(arr, expected) {
+  if (typeof arr === 'string') {
+    arr = goog.crypt.base64.decodeStringToUint8Array(arr);
+  }
+  if (arr.length != expected.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+    if (arr[i] != expected[i]) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+describe('proto3Test', function() {
+  /**
+   * Test defaults for proto3 message fields.
+   */
+  it('testProto3FieldDefaults', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalInt32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalInt64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalUint64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSint64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFixed32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFixed64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSfixed32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSfixed64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFloat(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalDouble(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalString(), '');
+
+    // TODO(b/26173701): when we change bytes fields default getter to return
+    // Uint8Array, we'll want to switch this assertion to match the u8 case.
+    assertEquals(typeof msg.getOptionalBytes(), 'string');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8() instanceof Uint8Array, true);
+    assertEquals(typeof msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), 'string');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBytes().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), '');
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignEnum(),
+                 proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_FOO);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignMessage(), undefined);
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedInt32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedInt64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedUint32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedUint64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedSint32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedSint64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedFixed32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedFixed64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedSfixed32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedSfixed64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedFloatList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedDoubleList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedStringList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedBytesList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignEnumList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignMessageList().length, 0);
+
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test that all fields can be set and read via a serialization roundtrip.
+   */
+  it('testProto3FieldSetGet', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+
+    msg.setOptionalInt32(-42);
+    msg.setOptionalInt64(-0x7fffffff00000000);
+    msg.setOptionalUint32(0x80000000);
+    msg.setOptionalUint64(0xf000000000000000);
+    msg.setOptionalSint32(-100);
+    msg.setOptionalSint64(-0x8000000000000000);
+    msg.setOptionalFixed32(1234);
+    msg.setOptionalFixed64(0x1234567800000000);
+    msg.setOptionalSfixed32(-1234);
+    msg.setOptionalSfixed64(-0x1234567800000000);
+    msg.setOptionalFloat(1.5);
+    msg.setOptionalDouble(-1.5);
+    msg.setOptionalBool(true);
+    msg.setOptionalString('hello world');
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+    var submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+    submsg.setC(16);
+    msg.setOptionalForeignMessage(submsg);
+    msg.setOptionalForeignEnum(proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR);
+
+    msg.setRepeatedInt32List([-42]);
+    msg.setRepeatedInt64List([-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedUint32List([0x80000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedUint64List([0xf000000000000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedSint32List([-100]);
+    msg.setRepeatedSint64List([-0x8000000000000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedFixed32List([1234]);
+    msg.setRepeatedFixed64List([0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedSfixed32List([-1234]);
+    msg.setRepeatedSfixed64List([-0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedFloatList([1.5]);
+    msg.setRepeatedDoubleList([-1.5]);
+    msg.setRepeatedBoolList([true]);
+    msg.setRepeatedStringList(['hello world']);
+    msg.setRepeatedBytesList([BYTES]);
+    submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+    submsg.setC(1000);
+    msg.setRepeatedForeignMessageList([submsg]);
+    msg.setRepeatedForeignEnumList([proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR]);
+
+    msg.setOneofString('asdf');
+
+    var serialized = msg.serializeBinary();
+    msg = proto.jspb.test.TestProto3.deserializeBinary(serialized);
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalInt32(), -42);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalInt64(), -0x7fffffff00000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalUint32(), 0x80000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalUint64(), 0xf000000000000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSint32(), -100);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSint64(), -0x8000000000000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFixed32(), 1234);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFixed64(), 0x1234567800000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSfixed32(), -1234);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSfixed64(), -0x1234567800000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFloat(), 1.5);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalDouble(), -1.5);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBool(), true);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalString(), 'hello world');
+    assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignMessage().getC(), 16);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignEnum(),
+        proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR);
+
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedInt32List(), [-42]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedInt64List(), [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedUint32List(), [0x80000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedUint64List(), [0xf000000000000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedSint32List(), [-100]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedSint64List(), [-0x8000000000000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedFixed32List(), [1234]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedFixed64List(), [0x1234567800000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedSfixed32List(), [-1234]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedSfixed64List(), [-0x1234567800000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedFloatList(), [1.5]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedDoubleList(), [-1.5]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedBoolList(), [true]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedStringList(), ['hello world']);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedBytesList().length, 1);
+    assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList()[0], BYTES));
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignMessageList().length, 1);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignMessageList()[0].getC(), 1000);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignEnumList(),
+        [proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR]);
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), 'asdf');
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test that oneofs continue to have a notion of field presence.
+   */
+  it('testOneofs', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), '');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes(), '');
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+
+    msg.setOneofUint32(42);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 42);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), '');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes(), '');
+    assertTrue(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+
+
+    var submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+    msg.setOneofForeignMessage(submsg);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), submsg);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), '');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes(), '');
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+
+    msg.setOneofString('hello');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), 'hello');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes(), '');
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertTrue(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+
+    msg.setOneofBytes(goog.crypt.base64.encodeString('\u00FF\u00FF'));
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), '');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes_asB64(),
+        goog.crypt.base64.encodeString('\u00FF\u00FF'));
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertTrue(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test that "default"-valued primitive fields are not emitted on the wire.
+   */
+  it('testNoSerializeDefaults', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+
+    // Set each primitive to a non-default value, then back to its default, to
+    // ensure that the serialization is actually checking the value and not just
+    // whether it has ever been set.
+    msg.setOptionalInt32(42);
+    msg.setOptionalInt32(0);
+    msg.setOptionalDouble(3.14);
+    msg.setOptionalDouble(0.0);
+    msg.setOptionalBool(true);
+    msg.setOptionalBool(false);
+    msg.setOptionalString('hello world');
+    msg.setOptionalString('');
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(goog.crypt.base64.encodeString('\u00FF\u00FF'));
+    msg.setOptionalBytes('');
+    msg.setOptionalForeignMessage(new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage());
+    msg.setOptionalForeignMessage(null);
+    msg.setOptionalForeignEnum(proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR);
+    msg.setOptionalForeignEnum(proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_FOO);
+    msg.setOneofUint32(32);
+    msg.clearOneofUint32();
+
+
+    var serialized = msg.serializeBinary();
+    assertEquals(0, serialized.length);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Test that base64 string and Uint8Array are interchangeable in bytes fields.
+   */
+  it('testBytesFieldsInterop', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+    // Set as a base64 string and check all the getters work.
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES_B64);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    // Test binary serialize round trip doesn't break it.
+    msg = proto.jspb.test.TestProto3.deserializeBinary(msg.serializeBinary());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+    // Set as a Uint8Array and check all the getters work.
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/proto3_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/proto3_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..acb671649
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/proto3_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+import "testbinary.proto";
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+message TestProto3 {
+     int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+     int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+    uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+    uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+    sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+    sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+   fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+   fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+     float optional_float    = 11;
+    double optional_double   = 12;
+      bool optional_bool     = 13;
+    string optional_string   = 14;
+     bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  ForeignMessage optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  Proto3Enum     optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated ForeignMessage repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated Proto3Enum     repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    ForeignMessage oneof_foreign_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+}
+
+enum Proto3Enum {
+  PROTO3_FOO = 0;
+  PROTO3_BAR = 1;
+  PROTO3_BAZ = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48cb37e11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: mwr@google.com (Mark Rawling)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+message Empty {
+}
+
+enum OuterEnum {
+  FOO = 1;
+  BAR = 2;
+}
+
+message EnumContainer {
+  optional OuterEnum outer_enum = 1;
+}
+
+message Simple1 {
+  required string a_string = 1;
+  repeated string a_repeated_string = 2;
+  optional bool a_boolean = 3;
+}
+
+// A message that differs from Simple1 only by name
+message Simple2 {
+  required string a_string = 1;
+  repeated string a_repeated_string = 2;
+}
+
+message SpecialCases {
+  required string normal = 1;
+  // Examples of Js reserved names that are converted to pb_<name>.
+  required string default = 2;
+  required string function = 3;
+  required string var = 4;
+}
+
+message OptionalFields {
+  message Nested {
+    optional int32 an_int = 1;
+  }
+  optional string a_string = 1;
+  required bool a_bool = 2;
+  optional Nested a_nested_message = 3;
+  repeated Nested a_repeated_message = 4;
+  repeated string a_repeated_string = 5;
+}
+
+message HasExtensions {
+  optional string str1 = 1;
+  optional string str2 = 2;
+  optional string str3 = 3;
+  extensions 10 to max;
+}
+
+message Complex {
+  message Nested {
+    required int32 an_int = 2;
+  }
+  required string a_string = 1;
+  required bool an_out_of_order_bool = 9;
+  optional Nested a_nested_message = 4;
+  repeated Nested a_repeated_message = 5;
+  repeated string a_repeated_string = 7;
+}
+
+message OuterMessage {
+  // Make sure this doesn't conflict with the other Complex message.
+  message Complex {
+    optional int32 inner_complex_field = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+message IsExtension {
+  extend HasExtensions {
+    optional IsExtension ext_field = 100;
+  }
+  optional string ext1 = 1;
+
+  // Extensions of proto2 Descriptor messages will be ignored.
+  extend google.protobuf.EnumOptions {
+    optional string simple_option = 42113038;
+  }
+}
+
+message IndirectExtension {
+  extend HasExtensions {
+    optional Simple1 simple = 101;
+    optional string str = 102;
+    repeated string repeated_str = 103;
+    repeated Simple1 repeated_simple = 104;
+  }
+}
+
+extend HasExtensions {
+  optional Simple1 simple1 = 105;
+}
+
+message DefaultValues {
+  enum Enum {
+    E1 = 13;
+    E2 = 77;
+  }
+  optional string string_field = 1 [default="default<>\'\"abc"];
+  optional bool bool_field = 2 [default=true];
+  optional int64 int_field = 3 [default=11];
+  optional Enum enum_field = 4 [default=E1];
+  optional string empty_field = 6 [default=""];
+  optional bytes bytes_field = 8 [default="moo"]; // Base64 encoding is "bW9v"
+}
+
+message FloatingPointFields {
+  optional float optional_float_field = 1;
+  required float required_float_field = 2;
+  repeated float repeated_float_field = 3;
+  optional float default_float_field = 4 [default = 2.0];
+  optional double optional_double_field = 5;
+  required double required_double_field = 6;
+  repeated double repeated_double_field = 7;
+  optional double default_double_field = 8 [default = 2.0];
+}
+
+message TestClone {
+  optional string str = 1;
+  optional Simple1 simple1 = 3;
+  repeated Simple1 simple2 = 5;
+  optional bytes bytes_field = 6;
+  optional string unused = 7;
+  extensions 10 to max;
+}
+
+message CloneExtension {
+  extend TestClone {
+    optional CloneExtension ext_field = 100;
+  }
+  optional string ext = 2;
+}
+
+message TestGroup {
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 1 {
+    required string id = 1;
+    repeated bool some_bool = 2;
+  }
+  required group RequiredGroup = 2 {
+    required string id = 1;
+  }
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 3 {
+    required string id = 1;
+  }
+  optional string id = 4;
+  required Simple2 required_simple = 5;
+  optional Simple2 optional_simple = 6;
+}
+
+message TestGroup1 {
+  optional TestGroup.RepeatedGroup group = 1;
+}
+
+message TestReservedNames {
+  optional int32 extension = 1;
+  extensions 10 to max;
+}
+
+message TestReservedNamesExtension {
+  extend TestReservedNames {
+    optional int32 foo = 10;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestMessageWithOneof {
+
+  oneof partial_oneof {
+    string pone = 3;
+    string pthree = 5;
+  }
+
+  oneof recursive_oneof {
+    TestMessageWithOneof rone = 6;
+    string rtwo = 7;
+  }
+
+  optional bool normal_field = 8;
+  repeated string repeated_field = 9;
+
+  oneof default_oneof_a {
+    int32 aone = 10 [default = 1234];
+    int32 atwo = 11;
+  }
+
+  oneof default_oneof_b {
+    int32 bone = 12;
+    int32 btwo = 13 [default = 1234];
+  }
+}
+
+message TestEndsWithBytes {
+  optional int32 value = 1;
+  optional bytes data = 2;
+}
+
+message TestMapFieldsNoBinary {
+  map<string, string> map_string_string = 1;
+  map<string, int32> map_string_int32 = 2;
+  map<string, int64> map_string_int64 = 3;
+  map<string, bool> map_string_bool = 4;
+  map<string, double> map_string_double = 5;
+  map<string, MapValueEnumNoBinary> map_string_enum = 6;
+  map<string, MapValueMessageNoBinary> map_string_msg = 7;
+
+  map<int32, string> map_int32_string = 8;
+  map<int64, string> map_int64_string = 9;
+  map<bool, string> map_bool_string = 10;
+
+  optional TestMapFieldsNoBinary test_map_fields = 11;
+  map<string, TestMapFieldsNoBinary> map_string_testmapfields = 12;
+}
+
+enum MapValueEnumNoBinary {
+  MAP_VALUE_FOO_NOBINARY = 0;
+  MAP_VALUE_BAR_NOBINARY = 1;
+  MAP_VALUE_BAZ_NOBINARY = 2;
+}
+
+message MapValueMessageNoBinary {
+  optional int32 foo = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44e55effc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+message TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional int32 intfield = 1;
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message ExtensionMessage {
+  extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+    optional ExtensionMessage ext_field = 100;
+  }
+  optional string ext1 = 1;
+}
+
+// Floating extensions are only supported when generating a _lib.js library.
+extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional ExtensionMessage floating_msg_field = 101;
+  optional string floating_str_field = 102;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..940a552ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.exttest;
+
+message TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional int32 intfield = 1;
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message ExtensionMessage {
+  extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+    optional ExtensionMessage ext_field = 100;
+  }
+  optional string ext1 = 1;
+}
+
+extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional ExtensionMessage floating_msg_field = 101;
+  optional string floating_str_field = 102;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test4.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test4.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf2451e9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test4.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.exttest;
+
+import "test3.proto";
+
+extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional ExtensionMessage floating_msg_field_two = 103;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test5.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test5.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34979517e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/test5.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+package jspb.exttest.beta;
+
+message TestBetaExtensionsMessage {
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestBetaExtensionsMessage {
+  optional string floating_str_field = 101;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/testbinary.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/testbinary.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..116f17fb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/testbinary.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// LINT: ALLOW_GROUPS
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+// These types are borrowed from `unittest.proto` in the protobuf tree. We want
+// to ensure that the binary-format support will handle all field types
+// properly.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  optional ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+
+  // Packed repeated
+  repeated    int32 packed_repeated_int32    = 61 [packed=true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_repeated_int64    = 62 [packed=true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_repeated_uint32   = 63 [packed=true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_repeated_uint64   = 64 [packed=true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_repeated_sint32   = 65 [packed=true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_repeated_sint64   = 66 [packed=true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_repeated_fixed32  = 67 [packed=true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_repeated_fixed64  = 68 [packed=true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_repeated_sfixed32 = 69 [packed=true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_repeated_sfixed64 = 70 [packed=true];
+  repeated    float packed_repeated_float    = 71 [packed=true];
+  repeated   double packed_repeated_double   = 72 [packed=true];
+  repeated     bool packed_repeated_bool     = 73 [packed=true];
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    ForeignMessage oneof_foreign_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+
+}
+
+message ForeignMessage {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+message TestExtendable {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message ExtendsWithMessage {
+  extend TestExtendable {
+    optional ExtendsWithMessage optional_extension = 19;
+    repeated ExtendsWithMessage repeated_extension = 49;
+  }
+  optional int32 foo = 1;
+}
+
+extend TestExtendable {
+  optional    int32 extend_optional_int32    =  1;
+  optional    int64 extend_optional_int64    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 extend_optional_uint32   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 extend_optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 extend_optional_sint32   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 extend_optional_sint64   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 extend_optional_fixed32  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 extend_optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 extend_optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 extend_optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional    float extend_optional_float    = 11;
+  optional   double extend_optional_double   = 12;
+  optional     bool extend_optional_bool     = 13;
+  optional   string extend_optional_string   = 14;
+  optional    bytes extend_optional_bytes    = 15;
+  optional ForeignEnum extend_optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+
+  repeated    int32 extend_repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 extend_repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 extend_repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 extend_repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 extend_repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 extend_repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 extend_repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 extend_repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 extend_repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 extend_repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float extend_repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double extend_repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool extend_repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string extend_repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes extend_repeated_bytes    = 45;
+  repeated ForeignEnum extend_repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+
+  repeated    int32 extend_packed_repeated_int32    = 61 [packed=true];
+  repeated    int64 extend_packed_repeated_int64    = 62 [packed=true];
+  repeated   uint32 extend_packed_repeated_uint32   = 63 [packed=true];
+  repeated   uint64 extend_packed_repeated_uint64   = 64 [packed=true];
+  repeated   sint32 extend_packed_repeated_sint32   = 65 [packed=true];
+  repeated   sint64 extend_packed_repeated_sint64   = 66 [packed=true];
+  repeated  fixed32 extend_packed_repeated_fixed32  = 67 [packed=true];
+  repeated  fixed64 extend_packed_repeated_fixed64  = 68 [packed=true];
+  repeated sfixed32 extend_packed_repeated_sfixed32 = 69 [packed=true];
+  repeated sfixed64 extend_packed_repeated_sfixed64 = 70 [packed=true];
+  repeated    float extend_packed_repeated_float    = 71 [packed=true];
+  repeated   double extend_packed_repeated_double   = 72 [packed=true];
+  repeated     bool extend_packed_repeated_bool     = 73 [packed=true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum extend_packed_repeated_foreign_enum    = 82
+      [packed=true];
+
+}
+
+message TestMapFields {
+  map<string, string> map_string_string = 1;
+  map<string, int32> map_string_int32 = 2;
+  map<string, int64> map_string_int64 = 3;
+  map<string, bool> map_string_bool = 4;
+  map<string, double> map_string_double = 5;
+  map<string, MapValueEnum> map_string_enum = 6;
+  map<string, MapValueMessage> map_string_msg = 7;
+
+  map<int32, string> map_int32_string = 8;
+  map<int64, string> map_int64_string = 9;
+  map<bool, string> map_bool_string = 10;
+
+  optional TestMapFields test_map_fields = 11;
+  map<string, TestMapFields> map_string_testmapfields = 12;
+}
+
+enum MapValueEnum {
+  MAP_VALUE_FOO = 0;
+  MAP_VALUE_BAR = 1;
+  MAP_VALUE_BAZ = 2;
+}
+
+message MapValueMessage {
+  optional int32 foo = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/testempty.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/testempty.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..960bce4e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/compatibility_tests/v3.1.0/testempty.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package javatests.com.google.apps.jspb;
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/data.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/data.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca815caf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/data.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: mwr@google.com (Mark Rawling)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+// legacy data, must be nested
+message data {
+  message NestedData {
+    required string str = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+// new data, does not require nesting
+message UnnestedData {
+  required string str = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/debug.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/debug.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9655b2e34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/debug.js
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Utilities to debug JSPB based proto objects.
+ */
+
+goog.provide('jspb.debug');
+
+goog.require('goog.array');
+goog.require('goog.asserts');
+goog.require('goog.object');
+goog.require('jspb.Map');
+goog.require('jspb.Message');
+
+
+/**
+ * Turns a proto into a human readable object that can i.e. be written to the
+ * console: `console.log(jspb.debug.dump(myProto))`.
+ * This function makes a best effort and may not work in all cases. It will not
+ * work in obfuscated and or optimized code.
+ * Use this in environments where {@see jspb.Message.prototype.toObject} is
+ * not available for code size reasons.
+ * @param {jspb.Message} message A jspb.Message.
+ * @return {Object}
+ */
+jspb.debug.dump = function(message) {
+  if (!goog.DEBUG) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  goog.asserts.assert(message instanceof jspb.Message,
+      'jspb.Message instance expected');
+  /** @type {Object} */
+  var object = message;
+  goog.asserts.assert(object['getExtension'],
+      'Only unobfuscated and unoptimized compilation modes supported.');
+  return /** @type {Object} */ (jspb.debug.dump_(message));
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Recursively introspects a message and the values its getters return to
+ * make a best effort in creating a human readable representation of the
+ * message.
+ * @param {?} thing A jspb.Message, Array or primitive type to dump.
+ * @return {*}
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.debug.dump_ = function(thing) {
+  var type = goog.typeOf(thing);
+  var message = thing;  // Copy because we don't want type inference on thing.
+  if (type == 'number' || type == 'string' || type == 'boolean' ||
+      type == 'null' || type == 'undefined') {
+    return thing;
+  }
+  if (typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined') {
+    // Will fail on IE9, where Uint8Array doesn't exist.
+    if (message instanceof Uint8Array) {
+      return thing;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (type == 'array') {
+    goog.asserts.assertArray(thing);
+    return goog.array.map(thing, jspb.debug.dump_);
+  }
+
+  if (message instanceof jspb.Map) {
+    var mapObject = {};
+    var entries = message.entries();
+    for (var entry = entries.next(); !entry.done; entry = entries.next()) {
+      mapObject[entry.value[0]] = jspb.debug.dump_(entry.value[1]);
+    }
+    return mapObject;
+  }
+
+  goog.asserts.assert(message instanceof jspb.Message,
+      'Only messages expected: ' + thing);
+  var ctor = message.constructor;
+  var messageName = ctor.name || ctor.displayName;
+  var object = {
+    '$name': messageName
+  };
+  for (var name in ctor.prototype) {
+    var match = /^get([A-Z]\w*)/.exec(name);
+    if (match && name != 'getExtension' &&
+        name != 'getJsPbMessageId') {
+      var has = 'has' + match[1];
+      if (!thing[has] || thing[has]()) {
+        var val = thing[name]();
+        object[jspb.debug.formatFieldName_(match[1])] = jspb.debug.dump_(val);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (COMPILED && thing['extensionObject_']) {
+    object['$extensions'] = 'Recursive dumping of extensions not supported ' +
+        'in compiled code. Switch to uncompiled or dump extension object ' +
+        'directly';
+    return object;
+  }
+  var extensionsObject;
+  for (var id in ctor['extensions']) {
+    if (/^\d+$/.test(id)) {
+      var ext = ctor['extensions'][id];
+      var extVal = thing.getExtension(ext);
+      var fieldName = goog.object.getKeys(ext.fieldName)[0];
+      if (extVal != null) {
+        if (!extensionsObject) {
+          extensionsObject = object['$extensions'] = {};
+        }
+        extensionsObject[jspb.debug.formatFieldName_(fieldName)] =
+            jspb.debug.dump_(extVal);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return object;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Formats a field name for output as camelCase.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name Name of the field.
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.debug.formatFieldName_ = function(name) {
+  // Name may be in TitleCase.
+  return name.replace(/^[A-Z]/, function(c) {
+    return c.toLowerCase();
+  });
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/debug_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/debug_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..509686996
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/debug_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+goog.setTestOnly();
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: google-protobuf
+goog.require('jspb.debug');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test_pb
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.IsExtension');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessageNoBinary');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Simple1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsNoBinary');
+
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: testbinary_pb
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes');
+
+describe('debugTest', function() {
+  it('testSimple1', function() {
+    if (COMPILED) {
+      return;
+    }
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1();
+    message.setAString('foo');
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      $name: 'proto.jspb.test.Simple1',
+      'aString': 'foo',
+      'aRepeatedStringList': []
+    }, jspb.debug.dump(message));
+
+    message.setABoolean(true);
+    message.setARepeatedStringList(['1', '2']);
+
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      $name: 'proto.jspb.test.Simple1',
+      'aString': 'foo',
+      'aRepeatedStringList': ['1', '2'],
+      'aBoolean': true
+    }, jspb.debug.dump(message));
+
+    message.clearAString();
+
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      $name: 'proto.jspb.test.Simple1',
+      'aRepeatedStringList': ['1', '2'],
+      'aBoolean': true
+    }, jspb.debug.dump(message));
+  });
+
+  it('testBytes', function() {
+    if (COMPILED || typeof Uint8Array == 'undefined') {
+      return;
+    }
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestAllTypes();
+    var bytes = new Uint8Array(4);
+    message.setOptionalBytes(bytes);
+    assertEquals(jspb.debug.dump(message)['optionalBytes'], bytes);
+  });
+
+  it('testExtensions', function() {
+    if (COMPILED) {
+      return;
+    }
+    var extension = new proto.jspb.test.IsExtension();
+    extension.setExt1('ext1field');
+    var extendable = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions();
+    extendable.setStr1('v1');
+    extendable.setStr2('v2');
+    extendable.setStr3('v3');
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extension);
+
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      '$name': 'proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions',
+      'str1': 'v1',
+      'str2': 'v2',
+      'str3': 'v3',
+      '$extensions': {
+        'extField': {
+          '$name': 'proto.jspb.test.IsExtension',
+          'ext1': 'ext1field'
+        },
+        'repeatedSimpleList': []
+      }
+    }, jspb.debug.dump(extendable));
+  });
+
+  it('testMapsBasicTypes', function() {
+    if (COMPILED) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsNoBinary();
+    message.getMapBoolStringMap().set(true, 'bool_string_value1');
+    message.getMapBoolStringMap().set(false, 'bool_string_value2');
+    message.getMapStringInt32Map().set('key', 111);
+
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      '$name': 'proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsNoBinary',
+      'mapBoolStringMap': {
+        true: 'bool_string_value1',
+        false: 'bool_string_value2'
+      },
+      'mapInt32StringMap': {},
+      'mapInt64StringMap': {},
+      'mapStringBoolMap': {},
+      'mapStringDoubleMap': {},
+      'mapStringEnumMap': {},
+      'mapStringInt32Map': {
+        'key': 111
+      },
+      'mapStringInt64Map': {},
+      'mapStringMsgMap': {},
+      'mapStringStringMap': {},
+      'mapStringTestmapfieldsMap': {}
+    }, jspb.debug.dump(message));
+  });
+
+  it('testMapsMessageValues', function() {
+    if (COMPILED) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var value1 = new proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessageNoBinary();
+    value1.setFoo(1111);
+    var value2 = new proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessageNoBinary();
+    value2.setFoo(2222);
+
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsNoBinary();
+    message.getMapStringMsgMap().set('key1', value1);
+    message.getMapStringMsgMap().set('key2', value2);
+
+    assertObjectEquals({
+      '$name': 'proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsNoBinary',
+      'mapBoolStringMap': {},
+      'mapInt32StringMap': {},
+      'mapInt64StringMap': {},
+      'mapStringBoolMap': {},
+      'mapStringDoubleMap': {},
+      'mapStringEnumMap': {},
+      'mapStringInt32Map': {},
+      'mapStringInt64Map': {},
+      'mapStringMsgMap': {
+        'key1': {
+          '$name': 'proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessageNoBinary',
+          'foo': 1111
+        },
+        'key2': {
+          '$name': 'proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessageNoBinary',
+          'foo': 2222
+        }
+      },
+      'mapStringStringMap': {},
+      'mapStringTestmapfieldsMap': {}
+    }, jspb.debug.dump(message));
+  });
+
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/gulpfile.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/gulpfile.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f0946caf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/gulpfile.js
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+var gulp = require('gulp');
+var execFile = require('child_process').execFile;
+var glob = require('glob');
+
+function exec(command, cb) {
+  execFile('sh', ['-c', command], cb);
+}
+
+var protoc = process.env.PROTOC || '../src/protoc';
+
+var wellKnownTypes = [
+  '../src/google/protobuf/any.proto',
+  '../src/google/protobuf/api.proto',
+  '../src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto',
+  '../src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto',
+  '../src/google/protobuf/duration.proto',
+  '../src/google/protobuf/empty.proto',
+  '../src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto',
+  '../src/google/protobuf/source_context.proto',
+  '../src/google/protobuf/struct.proto',
+  '../src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto',
+  '../src/google/protobuf/type.proto',
+  '../src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto',
+];
+
+var group1Protos = [
+  'data.proto',
+  'test3.proto',
+  'test5.proto',
+  'commonjs/test6/test6.proto',
+  'test8.proto',
+  'test11.proto',
+  'test12.proto',
+  'test13.proto',
+  'test14.proto',
+  'test15.proto',
+  'testbinary.proto',
+  'testempty.proto',
+  'test.proto',
+];
+
+var group2Protos = [
+  'proto3_test.proto',
+  'test2.proto',
+  'test4.proto',
+  'commonjs/test7/test7.proto',
+];
+
+var group3Protos = [
+  'test9.proto',
+  'test10.proto'
+];
+
+
+gulp.task('genproto_well_known_types_closure', function (cb) {
+  exec(protoc + ' --js_out=one_output_file_per_input_file,binary:. -I ../src -I . ' + wellKnownTypes.join(' '),
+       function (err, stdout, stderr) {
+    console.log(stdout);
+    console.log(stderr);
+    cb(err);
+  });
+});
+
+gulp.task('genproto_group1_closure', function (cb) {
+  exec(protoc + ' --js_out=library=testproto_libs1,binary:.  -I ../src -I . ' + group1Protos.join(' '),
+       function (err, stdout, stderr) {
+    console.log(stdout);
+    console.log(stderr);
+    cb(err);
+  });
+});
+
+gulp.task('genproto_group2_closure', function (cb) {
+  exec(protoc + ' --js_out=library=testproto_libs2,binary:.  -I ../src -I . -I commonjs ' + group2Protos.join(' '),
+       function (err, stdout, stderr) {
+    console.log(stdout);
+    console.log(stderr);
+    cb(err);
+  });
+});
+
+gulp.task('genproto_well_known_types_commonjs', function (cb) {
+  exec('mkdir -p commonjs_out && ' + protoc + ' --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:commonjs_out -I ../src ' + wellKnownTypes.join(' '),
+       function (err, stdout, stderr) {
+    console.log(stdout);
+    console.log(stderr);
+    cb(err);
+  });
+});
+
+gulp.task('genproto_group1_commonjs', function (cb) {
+  exec('mkdir -p commonjs_out && ' + protoc + ' --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:commonjs_out -I ../src -I commonjs -I . ' + group1Protos.join(' '),
+       function (err, stdout, stderr) {
+    console.log(stdout);
+    console.log(stderr);
+    cb(err);
+  });
+});
+
+gulp.task('genproto_group2_commonjs', function (cb) {
+  exec('mkdir -p commonjs_out && ' + protoc + ' --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:commonjs_out -I ../src -I commonjs -I . ' + group2Protos.join(' '),
+       function (err, stdout, stderr) {
+    console.log(stdout);
+    console.log(stderr);
+    cb(err);
+  });
+});
+
+gulp.task('genproto_commonjs_wellknowntypes', function (cb) {
+  exec('mkdir -p commonjs_out/node_modules/google-protobuf && ' + protoc + ' --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:commonjs_out/node_modules/google-protobuf -I ../src ' + wellKnownTypes.join(' '),
+       function (err, stdout, stderr) {
+    console.log(stdout);
+    console.log(stderr);
+    cb(err);
+  });
+});
+
+gulp.task('genproto_wellknowntypes', function (cb) {
+  exec(protoc + ' --js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:. -I ../src ' + wellKnownTypes.join(' '),
+       function (err, stdout, stderr) {
+    console.log(stdout);
+    console.log(stderr);
+    cb(err);
+  });
+});
+gulp.task('genproto_group3_commonjs_strict', function (cb) {
+  exec('mkdir -p commonjs_out && ' + protoc + ' --js_out=import_style=commonjs_strict,binary:commonjs_out -I ../src -I commonjs -I . ' + group3Protos.join(' '),
+       function (err, stdout, stderr) {
+    console.log(stdout);
+    console.log(stderr);
+    cb(err);
+  });
+});
+
+
+function getClosureBuilderCommand(exportsFile, outputFile) {
+  return './node_modules/google-closure-library/closure/bin/build/closurebuilder.py ' +
+  '--root node_modules ' +
+  '-o compiled ' +
+  '--compiler_jar node_modules/google-closure-compiler-java/compiler.jar ' +
+  '-i ' + exportsFile + ' ' +
+  'map.js message.js binary/arith.js binary/constants.js binary/decoder.js ' +
+  'binary/encoder.js binary/reader.js binary/utils.js binary/writer.js ' +
+  exportsFile  + ' > ' + outputFile;
+}
+
+gulp.task('dist', gulp.series(['genproto_wellknowntypes'], function(cb) {
+  // TODO(haberman): minify this more aggressively.
+  // Will require proper externs/exports.
+  exec(getClosureBuilderCommand('commonjs/export.js', 'google-protobuf.js'),
+       function (err, stdout, stderr) {
+    console.log(stdout);
+    console.log(stderr);
+    cb(err);
+  });
+}));
+
+gulp.task('commonjs_asserts', function (cb) {
+  exec('mkdir -p commonjs_out/test_node_modules && ' +
+       getClosureBuilderCommand(
+           'commonjs/export_asserts.js',
+           'commonjs_out/test_node_modules/closure_asserts_commonjs.js'),
+       function (err, stdout, stderr) {
+    console.log(stdout);
+    console.log(stderr);
+    cb(err);
+  });
+});
+
+gulp.task('commonjs_testdeps', function (cb) {
+  exec('mkdir -p commonjs_out/test_node_modules && ' +
+       getClosureBuilderCommand(
+           'commonjs/export_testdeps.js',
+           'commonjs_out/test_node_modules/testdeps_commonjs.js'),
+       function (err, stdout, stderr) {
+    console.log(stdout);
+    console.log(stderr);
+    cb(err);
+  });
+});
+
+gulp.task(
+    'make_commonjs_out',
+    gulp.series(
+        [
+          'dist', 'genproto_well_known_types_commonjs',
+          'genproto_group1_commonjs', 'genproto_group2_commonjs',
+          'genproto_commonjs_wellknowntypes', 'commonjs_asserts',
+          'commonjs_testdeps', 'genproto_group3_commonjs_strict'
+        ],
+        function(cb) {
+          // TODO(haberman): minify this more aggressively.
+          // Will require proper externs/exports.
+          var cmd =
+              'mkdir -p commonjs_out/binary && mkdir -p commonjs_out/test_node_modules && ';
+          function addTestFile(file) {
+            cmd += 'node commonjs/rewrite_tests_for_commonjs.js < ' + file +
+                ' > commonjs_out/' + file + '&& ';
+          }
+
+          glob.sync('*_test.js').forEach(addTestFile);
+          glob.sync('binary/*_test.js').forEach(addTestFile);
+
+          exec(
+              cmd + 'cp commonjs/jasmine.json commonjs_out/jasmine.json && ' +
+                  'cp google-protobuf.js commonjs_out/test_node_modules && ' +
+                  'cp commonjs/strict_test.js commonjs_out/strict_test.js &&' +
+                  'cp commonjs/import_test.js commonjs_out/import_test.js',
+              function(err, stdout, stderr) {
+                console.log(stdout);
+                console.log(stderr);
+                cb(err);
+              });
+        }));
+
+gulp.task(
+    'deps',
+    gulp.series(
+        [
+          'genproto_well_known_types_closure', 'genproto_group1_closure',
+          'genproto_group2_closure'
+        ],
+        function(cb) {
+          exec(
+              './node_modules/google-closure-library/closure/bin/build/depswriter.py binary/arith.js binary/constants.js binary/decoder.js binary/encoder.js binary/reader.js binary/utils.js binary/writer.js debug.js map.js message.js node_loader.js test_bootstrap.js > deps.js',
+              function(err, stdout, stderr) {
+                console.log(stdout);
+                console.log(stderr);
+                cb(err);
+              });
+        }));
+
+gulp.task(
+    'test_closure',
+    gulp.series(
+        [
+          'genproto_well_known_types_closure', 'genproto_group1_closure',
+          'genproto_group2_closure', 'deps'
+        ],
+        function(cb) {
+          exec(
+              'JASMINE_CONFIG_PATH=jasmine.json ./node_modules/.bin/jasmine',
+              function(err, stdout, stderr) {
+                console.log(stdout);
+                console.log(stderr);
+                cb(err);
+              });
+        }));
+
+gulp.task('test_commonjs', gulp.series(['make_commonjs_out'], function(cb) {
+  exec('cd commonjs_out && JASMINE_CONFIG_PATH=jasmine.json NODE_PATH=test_node_modules ../node_modules/.bin/jasmine',
+       function (err, stdout, stderr) {
+    console.log(stdout);
+    console.log(stderr);
+    cb(err);
+  });
+}));
+
+gulp.task('test', gulp.series(['test_closure', 'test_commonjs'], function(cb) {
+  cb();
+}));
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/jasmine.json b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/jasmine.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aeea72f85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/jasmine.json
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+    "spec_dir": "",
+    "spec_files": [
+        "*_test.js",
+        "binary/*_test.js"
+    ],
+    "helpers": [
+        "node_modules/google-closure-library/closure/goog/bootstrap/nodejs.js",
+        "node_loader.js",
+        "deps.js",
+        "google/protobuf/any.js",
+        "google/protobuf/struct.js",
+        "google/protobuf/timestamp.js",
+        "testproto_libs1.js",
+        "testproto_libs2.js"
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/map.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/map.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..589a2938d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/map.js
@@ -0,0 +1,552 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+goog.provide('jspb.Map');
+
+goog.require('goog.asserts');
+
+goog.requireType('jspb.BinaryReader');
+goog.requireType('jspb.BinaryWriter');
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a new Map. A Map is a container that is used to implement map
+ * fields on message objects. It closely follows the ES6 Map API; however,
+ * it is distinct because we do not want to depend on external polyfills or
+ * on ES6 itself.
+ *
+ * This constructor should only be called from generated message code. It is not
+ * intended for general use by library consumers.
+ *
+ * @template K, V
+ *
+ * @param {!Array<!Array<?>>} arr
+ *
+ * @param {?function(new:V, ?=)=} opt_valueCtor
+ *    The constructor for type V, if type V is a message type.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @struct
+ */
+jspb.Map = function(arr, opt_valueCtor) {
+  /** @const @private */
+  this.arr_ = arr;
+  /** @const @private */
+  this.valueCtor_ = opt_valueCtor;
+
+  /** @type {!Object<string, !jspb.Map.Entry_<K,V>>} @private */
+  this.map_ = {};
+
+  /**
+   * Is `this.arr_ updated with respect to `this.map_`?
+   * @type {boolean}
+   */
+  this.arrClean = true;
+
+  if (this.arr_.length > 0) {
+    this.loadFromArray_();
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Load initial content from underlying array.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.loadFromArray_ = function() {
+  for (var i = 0; i < this.arr_.length; i++) {
+    var record = this.arr_[i];
+    var key = record[0];
+    var value = record[1];
+    this.map_[key.toString()] = new jspb.Map.Entry_(key, value);
+  }
+  this.arrClean = true;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Synchronize content to underlying array, if needed, and return it.
+ * @return {!Array<!Array<!Object>>}
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.toArray = function() {
+  if (this.arrClean) {
+    if (this.valueCtor_) {
+      // We need to recursively sync maps in submessages to their arrays.
+      var m = this.map_;
+      for (var p in m) {
+        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(m, p)) {
+          var valueWrapper = /** @type {?jspb.Message} */ (m[p].valueWrapper);
+          if (valueWrapper) {
+            valueWrapper.toArray();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Delete all elements.
+    this.arr_.length = 0;
+    var strKeys = this.stringKeys_();
+    // Output keys in deterministic (sorted) order.
+    strKeys.sort();
+    for (var i = 0; i < strKeys.length; i++) {
+      var entry = this.map_[strKeys[i]];
+      var valueWrapper = /** @type {?jspb.Message} */ (entry.valueWrapper);
+      if (valueWrapper) {
+        valueWrapper.toArray();
+      }
+      this.arr_.push([entry.key, entry.value]);
+    }
+    this.arrClean = true;
+  }
+  return this.arr_;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns the map formatted as an array of key-value pairs, suitable for the
+ * toObject() form of a message.
+ *
+ * @param {boolean=} includeInstance Whether to include the JSPB instance for
+ *    transitional soy proto support: http://goto/soy-param-migration
+ * @param {function((boolean|undefined),V):!Object=} valueToObject
+ *    The static toObject() method, if V is a message type.
+ * @return {!Array<!Array<!Object>>}
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.toObject = function(includeInstance, valueToObject) {
+  var rawArray = this.toArray();
+  var entries = [];
+  for (var i = 0; i < rawArray.length; i++) {
+    var entry = this.map_[rawArray[i][0].toString()];
+    this.wrapEntry_(entry);
+    var valueWrapper = /** @type {V|undefined} */ (entry.valueWrapper);
+    if (valueWrapper) {
+      goog.asserts.assert(valueToObject);
+      entries.push([entry.key, valueToObject(includeInstance, valueWrapper)]);
+    } else {
+      entries.push([entry.key, entry.value]);
+    }
+  }
+  return entries;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns a Map from the given array of key-value pairs when the values are of
+ * message type. The values in the array must match the format returned by their
+ * message type's toObject() method.
+ *
+ * @template K, V
+ * @param {!Array<!Array<!Object>>} entries
+ * @param {function(new:V,?=)} valueCtor
+ *    The constructor for type V.
+ * @param {function(!Object):V} valueFromObject
+ *    The fromObject function for type V.
+ * @return {!jspb.Map<K, V>}
+ */
+jspb.Map.fromObject = function(entries, valueCtor, valueFromObject) {
+  var result = new jspb.Map([], valueCtor);
+  for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; i++) {
+    var key = entries[i][0];
+    var value = valueFromObject(entries[i][1]);
+    result.set(key, value);
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: an IteratorIterable over an array.
+ * @template T
+ * @param {!Array<T>} arr the array
+ * @implements {IteratorIterable<T>}
+ * @constructor @struct
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Map.ArrayIteratorIterable_ = function(arr) {
+  /** @type {number} @private */
+  this.idx_ = 0;
+
+  /** @const @private */
+  this.arr_ = arr;
+};
+
+
+/** @override @final */
+jspb.Map.ArrayIteratorIterable_.prototype.next = function() {
+  if (this.idx_ < this.arr_.length) {
+    return {done: false, value: this.arr_[this.idx_++]};
+  } else {
+    return {done: true, value: undefined};
+  }
+};
+
+if (typeof(Symbol) != 'undefined') {
+  /** @override */
+  jspb.Map.ArrayIteratorIterable_.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = function() {
+    return this;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns the map's length (number of key/value pairs).
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.getLength = function() {
+  return this.stringKeys_().length;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Clears the map.
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.clear = function() {
+  this.map_ = {};
+  this.arrClean = false;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Deletes a particular key from the map.
+ * N.B.: differs in name from ES6 Map's `delete` because IE8 does not support
+ * reserved words as property names.
+ * @this {jspb.Map}
+ * @param {K} key
+ * @return {boolean} Whether any entry with this key was deleted.
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.del = function(key) {
+  var keyValue = key.toString();
+  var hadKey = this.map_.hasOwnProperty(keyValue);
+  delete this.map_[keyValue];
+  this.arrClean = false;
+  return hadKey;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns an array of [key, value] pairs in the map.
+ *
+ * This is redundant compared to the plain entries() method, but we provide this
+ * to help out Angular 1.x users.  Still evaluating whether this is the best
+ * option.
+ *
+ * @return {!Array<!Array<K|V>>}
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.getEntryList = function() {
+  var entries = [];
+  var strKeys = this.stringKeys_();
+  strKeys.sort();
+  for (var i = 0; i < strKeys.length; i++) {
+    var entry = this.map_[strKeys[i]];
+    entries.push([entry.key, entry.value]);
+  }
+  return entries;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns an iterator-iterable over [key, value] pairs in the map.
+ * Closure compiler sadly doesn't support tuples, ie. Iterator<[K,V]>.
+ * @return {!IteratorIterable<!Array<K|V>>} The iterator-iterable.
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.entries = function() {
+  var entries = [];
+  var strKeys = this.stringKeys_();
+  strKeys.sort();
+  for (var i = 0; i < strKeys.length; i++) {
+    var entry = this.map_[strKeys[i]];
+    entries.push([entry.key, this.wrapEntry_(entry)]);
+  }
+  return new jspb.Map.ArrayIteratorIterable_(entries);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns an iterator-iterable over keys in the map.
+ * @return {!IteratorIterable<K>} The iterator-iterable.
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.keys = function() {
+  var keys = [];
+  var strKeys = this.stringKeys_();
+  strKeys.sort();
+  for (var i = 0; i < strKeys.length; i++) {
+    var entry = this.map_[strKeys[i]];
+    keys.push(entry.key);
+  }
+  return new jspb.Map.ArrayIteratorIterable_(keys);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns an iterator-iterable over values in the map.
+ * @return {!IteratorIterable<V>} The iterator-iterable.
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.values = function() {
+  var values = [];
+  var strKeys = this.stringKeys_();
+  strKeys.sort();
+  for (var i = 0; i < strKeys.length; i++) {
+    var entry = this.map_[strKeys[i]];
+    values.push(this.wrapEntry_(entry));
+  }
+  return new jspb.Map.ArrayIteratorIterable_(values);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Iterates over entries in the map, calling a function on each.
+ * @template T
+ * @param {function(this:T, V, K, ?jspb.Map<K, V>)} cb
+ * @param {T=} opt_thisArg
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.forEach = function(cb, opt_thisArg) {
+  var strKeys = this.stringKeys_();
+  strKeys.sort();
+  for (var i = 0; i < strKeys.length; i++) {
+    var entry = this.map_[strKeys[i]];
+    cb.call(opt_thisArg, this.wrapEntry_(entry), entry.key, this);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets a key in the map to the given value.
+ * @param {K} key The key
+ * @param {V} value The value
+ * @return {!jspb.Map<K,V>}
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.set = function(key, value) {
+  var entry = new jspb.Map.Entry_(key);
+  if (this.valueCtor_) {
+    entry.valueWrapper = value;
+    // .toArray() on a message returns a reference to the underlying array
+    // rather than a copy.
+    entry.value = value.toArray();
+  } else {
+    entry.value = value;
+  }
+  this.map_[key.toString()] = entry;
+  this.arrClean = false;
+  return this;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: lazily construct a wrapper around an entry, if needed, and return the
+ * user-visible type.
+ * @param {!jspb.Map.Entry_<K,V>} entry
+ * @return {V}
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.wrapEntry_ = function(entry) {
+  if (this.valueCtor_) {
+    if (!entry.valueWrapper) {
+      entry.valueWrapper = new this.valueCtor_(entry.value);
+    }
+    return /** @type {V} */ (entry.valueWrapper);
+  } else {
+    return entry.value;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value corresponding to a key in the map.
+ * @param {K} key
+ * @return {V|undefined} The value, or `undefined` if key not present
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.get = function(key) {
+  var keyValue = key.toString();
+  var entry = this.map_[keyValue];
+  if (entry) {
+    return this.wrapEntry_(entry);
+  } else {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Determines whether the given key is present in the map.
+ * @param {K} key
+ * @return {boolean} `true` if the key is present
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.has = function(key) {
+  var keyValue = key.toString();
+  return (keyValue in this.map_);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Write this Map field in wire format to a BinaryWriter, using the given field
+ * number.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber
+ * @param {!jspb.BinaryWriter} writer
+ * @param {function(this:jspb.BinaryWriter,number,K)} keyWriterFn
+ *     The method on BinaryWriter that writes type K to the stream.
+ * @param {function(this:jspb.BinaryWriter,number,V,?=)|
+ *          function(this:jspb.BinaryWriter,number,V,?)} valueWriterFn
+ *     The method on BinaryWriter that writes type V to the stream.  May be
+ *     writeMessage, in which case the second callback arg form is used.
+ * @param {function(V,!jspb.BinaryWriter)=} opt_valueWriterCallback
+ *    The BinaryWriter serialization callback for type V, if V is a message
+ *    type.
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.serializeBinary = function(
+    fieldNumber, writer, keyWriterFn, valueWriterFn, opt_valueWriterCallback) {
+  var strKeys = this.stringKeys_();
+  strKeys.sort();
+  for (var i = 0; i < strKeys.length; i++) {
+    var entry = this.map_[strKeys[i]];
+    writer.beginSubMessage(fieldNumber);
+    keyWriterFn.call(writer, 1, entry.key);
+    if (this.valueCtor_) {
+      valueWriterFn.call(writer, 2, this.wrapEntry_(entry),
+                         opt_valueWriterCallback);
+    } else {
+      /** @type {function(this:jspb.BinaryWriter,number,?)} */ (valueWriterFn)
+          .call(writer, 2, entry.value);
+    }
+    writer.endSubMessage();
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Read one key/value message from the given BinaryReader. Compatible as the
+ * `reader` callback parameter to jspb.BinaryReader.readMessage, to be called
+ * when a key/value pair submessage is encountered. If the Key is undefined,
+ * we should default it to 0.
+ * @template K, V
+ * @param {!jspb.Map} map
+ * @param {!jspb.BinaryReader} reader
+ * @param {function(this:jspb.BinaryReader):K} keyReaderFn
+ *     The method on BinaryReader that reads type K from the stream.
+ *
+ * @param {function(this:jspb.BinaryReader):V|
+ *          function(this:jspb.BinaryReader,V,
+ *                  function(V,!jspb.BinaryReader))} valueReaderFn
+ *    The method on BinaryReader that reads type V from the stream. May be
+ *    readMessage, in which case the second callback arg form is used.
+ *
+ * @param {?function(V,!jspb.BinaryReader)=} opt_valueReaderCallback
+ *    The BinaryReader parsing callback for type V, if V is a message type
+ *
+ * @param {K=} opt_defaultKey
+ *    The default value for the type of map keys. Accepting map entries with
+ *    unset keys is required for maps to be backwards compatible with the
+ *    repeated message representation described here: goo.gl/zuoLAC
+ *
+ * @param {V=} opt_defaultValue
+ *    The default value for the type of map values. Accepting map entries with
+ *    unset values is required for maps to be backwards compatible with the
+ *    repeated message representation described here: goo.gl/zuoLAC
+ *
+ */
+jspb.Map.deserializeBinary = function(map, reader, keyReaderFn, valueReaderFn,
+                                      opt_valueReaderCallback, opt_defaultKey,
+                                      opt_defaultValue) {
+  var key = opt_defaultKey;
+  var value = opt_defaultValue;
+
+  while (reader.nextField()) {
+    if (reader.isEndGroup()) {
+      break;
+    }
+    var field = reader.getFieldNumber();
+
+    if (field == 1) {
+      // Key.
+      key = keyReaderFn.call(reader);
+    } else if (field == 2) {
+      // Value.
+      if (map.valueCtor_) {
+        goog.asserts.assert(opt_valueReaderCallback);
+        if (!value) {
+          // Old generator still doesn't provide default value message.
+          // Need this for backward compatibility.
+          value = new map.valueCtor_();
+        }
+        valueReaderFn.call(reader, value, opt_valueReaderCallback);
+      } else {
+        value =
+            (/** @type {function(this:jspb.BinaryReader):?} */ (valueReaderFn))
+                .call(reader);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  goog.asserts.assert(key != undefined);
+  goog.asserts.assert(value != undefined);
+  map.set(key, value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: compute the list of all stringified keys in the underlying Object
+ * map.
+ * @return {!Array<string>}
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Map.prototype.stringKeys_ = function() {
+  var m = this.map_;
+  var ret = [];
+  for (var p in m) {
+    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(m, p)) {
+      ret.push(p);
+    }
+  }
+  return ret;
+};
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {K} key The entry's key.
+ * @param {V=} opt_value The entry's value wrapper.
+ * @constructor
+ * @struct
+ * @template K, V
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Map.Entry_ = function(key, opt_value) {
+  /** @const {K} */
+  this.key = key;
+
+  // The JSPB-serializable value.  For primitive types this will be of type V.
+  // For message types it will be an array.
+  /** @type {V} */
+  this.value = opt_value;
+
+  // Only used for submessage values.
+  /** @type {V} */
+  this.valueWrapper = undefined;
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/maps_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/maps_test.js
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1cbff7b30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/maps_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('goog.userAgent');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: testbinary_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessage');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestMapFields');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsOptionalKeys');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsOptionalValues');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalKeysStringKey');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalKeysInt32Key');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalKeysInt64Key');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalKeysBoolKey');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalValuesStringValue');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalValuesInt32Value');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalValuesInt64Value');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalValuesBoolValue');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalValuesDoubleValue');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalValuesEnumValue');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalValuesMessageValue');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessageNoBinary');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsNoBinary');
+
+/**
+ * Helper: check that the given map has exactly this set of (sorted) entries.
+ * @param {!jspb.Map} map
+ * @param {!Array<!Array<?>>} entries
+ */
+function checkMapEquals(map, entries) {
+  var arr = map.toArray();
+  assertEquals(arr.length, entries.length);
+  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+    if (Array.isArray(arr[i])) {
+      assertTrue(Array.isArray(entries[i]));
+      assertArrayEquals(arr[i], entries[i]);
+    } else {
+      assertElementsEquals(arr[i], entries[i]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts an ES6 iterator to an array.
+ * @template T
+ * @param {!Iterator<T>} iter an iterator
+ * @return {!Array<T>}
+ */
+function toArray(iter) {
+  var arr = [];
+  while (true) {
+    var val = iter.next();
+    if (val.done) {
+      break;
+    }
+    arr.push(val.value);
+  }
+  return arr;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: generate test methods for this TestMapFields class.
+ * @param {?} msgInfo
+ * @param {?} submessageCtor
+ * @param {string} suffix
+ */
+function makeTests(msgInfo, submessageCtor, suffix) {
+  /**
+   * Helper: fill all maps on a TestMapFields.
+   * @param {?} msg
+   */
+  var fillMapFields = function(msg) {
+    msg.getMapStringStringMap().set('asdf', 'jkl;').set('key 2', 'hello world');
+    msg.getMapStringInt32Map().set('a', 1).set('b', -2);
+    msg.getMapStringInt64Map().set('c', 0x100000000).set('d', 0x200000000);
+    msg.getMapStringBoolMap().set('e', true).set('f', false);
+    msg.getMapStringDoubleMap().set('g', 3.14159).set('h', 2.71828);
+    msg.getMapStringEnumMap()
+        .set('i', proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum.MAP_VALUE_BAR)
+        .set('j', proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum.MAP_VALUE_BAZ);
+    msg.getMapStringMsgMap()
+        .set('k', new submessageCtor())
+        .set('l', new submessageCtor());
+    msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get('k').setFoo(42);
+    msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get('l').setFoo(84);
+    msg.getMapInt32StringMap().set(-1, 'a').set(42, 'b');
+    msg.getMapInt64StringMap().set(0x123456789abc, 'c').set(0xcba987654321, 'd');
+    msg.getMapBoolStringMap().set(false, 'e').set(true, 'f');
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Helper: check all maps on a TestMapFields.
+   * @param {?} msg
+   */
+  var checkMapFields = function(msg) {
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringStringMap(), [
+          ['asdf', 'jkl;'],
+          ['key 2', 'hello world']
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringInt32Map(), [
+          ['a', 1],
+          ['b', -2]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringInt64Map(), [
+          ['c', 0x100000000],
+          ['d', 0x200000000]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringBoolMap(), [
+          ['e', true],
+          ['f', false]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringDoubleMap(), [
+          ['g', 3.14159],
+          ['h', 2.71828]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringEnumMap(), [
+          ['i', proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum.MAP_VALUE_BAR],
+          ['j', proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum.MAP_VALUE_BAZ]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapInt32StringMap(), [
+          [-1, 'a'],
+          [42, 'b']
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapInt64StringMap(), [
+          [0x123456789abc, 'c'],
+          [0xcba987654321, 'd']
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapBoolStringMap(), [
+          [false, 'e'],
+          [true, 'f']
+    ]);
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().getLength(), 2);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get('k').getFoo(), 42);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get('l').getFoo(), 84);
+
+    var entries = toArray(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().entries());
+    assertEquals(entries.length, 2);
+    entries.forEach(function(entry) {
+      var key = entry[0];
+      var val = entry[1];
+      assert(val === msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get(key));
+    });
+
+    msg.getMapStringMsgMap().forEach(function(val, key) {
+      assert(val === msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get(key));
+    });
+  };
+
+  it('testMapStringStringField' + suffix, function() {
+    var msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringStringMap().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringInt32Map().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringInt64Map().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringBoolMap().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringDoubleMap().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringEnumMap().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().getLength(), 0);
+
+    // Re-create to clear out any internally-cached wrappers, etc.
+    msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+    var m = msg.getMapStringStringMap();
+    assertEquals(m.has('asdf'), false);
+    assertEquals(m.get('asdf'), undefined);
+    m.set('asdf', 'hello world');
+    assertEquals(m.has('asdf'), true);
+    assertEquals(m.get('asdf'), 'hello world');
+    m.set('jkl;', 'key 2');
+    assertEquals(m.has('jkl;'), true);
+    assertEquals(m.get('jkl;'), 'key 2');
+    assertEquals(m.getLength(), 2);
+    var it = m.entries();
+    assertElementsEquals(it.next().value, ['asdf', 'hello world']);
+    assertElementsEquals(it.next().value, ['jkl;', 'key 2']);
+    assertEquals(it.next().done, true);
+    checkMapEquals(m, [
+        ['asdf', 'hello world'],
+        ['jkl;', 'key 2']
+    ]);
+    m.del('jkl;');
+    assertEquals(m.has('jkl;'), false);
+    assertEquals(m.get('jkl;'), undefined);
+    assertEquals(m.getLength(), 1);
+    it = m.keys();
+    assertEquals(it.next().value, 'asdf');
+    assertEquals(it.next().done, true);
+    it = m.values();
+    assertEquals(it.next().value, 'hello world');
+    assertEquals(it.next().done, true);
+
+    var count = 0;
+    m.forEach(function(value, key, map) {
+      assertEquals(map, m);
+      assertEquals(key, 'asdf');
+      assertEquals(value, 'hello world');
+      count++;
+    });
+    assertEquals(count, 1);
+
+    m.clear();
+    assertEquals(m.getLength(), 0);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests operations on maps with all key and value types.
+   */
+  it('testAllMapTypes' + suffix, function() {
+    var msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+    fillMapFields(msg);
+    checkMapFields(msg);
+  });
+
+
+  if (msgInfo.deserializeBinary) {
+    /**
+     * Tests serialization and deserialization in binary format.
+     */
+    it('testBinaryFormat' + suffix, function() {
+      if (goog.userAgent.IE && !goog.userAgent.isDocumentModeOrHigher(10)) {
+        // IE8/9 currently doesn't support binary format because they lack
+        // TypedArray.
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Check that the format is correct.
+      var msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+      msg.getMapStringStringMap().set('A', 'a');
+      var serialized = msg.serializeBinary();
+      var expectedSerialized = [
+          0x0a, 0x6, // field 1 (map_string_string), delimited, length 6
+          0x0a, 0x1, // field 1 in submessage (key), delimited, length 1
+          0x41,      // ASCII 'A'
+          0x12, 0x1, // field 2 in submessage (value), delimited, length 1
+          0x61       // ASCII 'a'
+      ];
+      assertEquals(serialized.length, expectedSerialized.length);
+      for (var i = 0; i < serialized.length; i++) {
+        assertEquals(serialized[i], expectedSerialized[i]);
+      }
+
+      // Check that all map fields successfully round-trip.
+      msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+      fillMapFields(msg);
+      serialized = msg.serializeBinary();
+      var decoded = msgInfo.deserializeBinary(serialized);
+      checkMapFields(decoded);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Tests deserialization of undefined map keys go to default values in
+     * binary format.
+     */
+    it('testMapDeserializationForUndefinedKeys', function() {
+      var testMessageOptionalKeys = new proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsOptionalKeys();
+      var mapEntryStringKey = new proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalKeysStringKey();
+      mapEntryStringKey.setValue("a");
+      testMessageOptionalKeys.setMapStringString(mapEntryStringKey);
+      var mapEntryInt32Key = new proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalKeysInt32Key();
+      mapEntryInt32Key.setValue("b");
+      testMessageOptionalKeys.setMapInt32String(mapEntryInt32Key);
+      var mapEntryInt64Key = new proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalKeysInt64Key();
+      mapEntryInt64Key.setValue("c");
+      testMessageOptionalKeys.setMapInt64String(mapEntryInt64Key);
+      var mapEntryBoolKey = new proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalKeysBoolKey();
+      mapEntryBoolKey.setValue("d");
+      testMessageOptionalKeys.setMapBoolString(mapEntryBoolKey);
+      var deserializedMessage = msgInfo.deserializeBinary(
+        testMessageOptionalKeys.serializeBinary()
+       );
+      checkMapEquals(deserializedMessage.getMapStringStringMap(), [
+        ['', 'a']
+      ]);
+      checkMapEquals(deserializedMessage.getMapInt32StringMap(), [
+        [0, 'b']
+      ]);
+      checkMapEquals(deserializedMessage.getMapInt64StringMap(), [
+        [0, 'c']
+      ]);
+      checkMapEquals(deserializedMessage.getMapBoolStringMap(), [
+        [false, 'd']
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * Tests deserialization of undefined map values go to default values in
+     * binary format.
+     */
+    it('testMapDeserializationForUndefinedValues', function() {
+      var testMessageOptionalValues =
+          new proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsOptionalValues();
+      var mapEntryStringValue =
+          new proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalValuesStringValue();
+      mapEntryStringValue.setKey("a");
+      testMessageOptionalValues.setMapStringString(mapEntryStringValue);
+      var mapEntryInt32Value =
+          new proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalValuesInt32Value();
+      mapEntryInt32Value.setKey("b");
+      testMessageOptionalValues.setMapStringInt32(mapEntryInt32Value);
+      var mapEntryInt64Value =
+          new proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalValuesInt64Value();
+      mapEntryInt64Value.setKey("c");
+      testMessageOptionalValues.setMapStringInt64(mapEntryInt64Value);
+      var mapEntryBoolValue =
+          new proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalValuesBoolValue();
+      mapEntryBoolValue.setKey("d");
+      testMessageOptionalValues.setMapStringBool(mapEntryBoolValue);
+      var mapEntryDoubleValue =
+          new proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalValuesDoubleValue();
+      mapEntryDoubleValue.setKey("e");
+      testMessageOptionalValues.setMapStringDouble(mapEntryDoubleValue);
+      var mapEntryEnumValue =
+          new proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalValuesEnumValue();
+      mapEntryEnumValue.setKey("f");
+      testMessageOptionalValues.setMapStringEnum(mapEntryEnumValue);
+      var mapEntryMessageValue =
+          new proto.jspb.test.MapEntryOptionalValuesMessageValue();
+      mapEntryMessageValue.setKey("g");
+      testMessageOptionalValues.setMapStringMsg(mapEntryMessageValue);
+      var deserializedMessage = msgInfo.deserializeBinary(
+        testMessageOptionalValues.serializeBinary()
+       );
+      checkMapEquals(deserializedMessage.getMapStringStringMap(), [
+        ['a', '']
+      ]);
+      checkMapEquals(deserializedMessage.getMapStringInt32Map(), [
+        ['b', 0]
+      ]);
+      checkMapEquals(deserializedMessage.getMapStringInt64Map(), [
+        ['c', 0]
+      ]);
+      checkMapEquals(deserializedMessage.getMapStringBoolMap(), [
+        ['d', false]
+      ]);
+      checkMapEquals(deserializedMessage.getMapStringDoubleMap(), [
+        ['e', 0.0]
+      ]);
+      checkMapEquals(deserializedMessage.getMapStringEnumMap(), [
+        ['f', 0]
+      ]);
+      checkMapEquals(deserializedMessage.getMapStringMsgMap(), [
+        ['g', []]
+      ]);
+    });
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Exercises the lazy map<->underlying array sync.
+   */
+  it('testLazyMapSync' + suffix, function() {
+    // Start with a JSPB array containing a few map entries.
+    var entries = [
+        ['a', 'entry 1'],
+        ['c', 'entry 2'],
+        ['b', 'entry 3']
+    ];
+    var msg = new msgInfo.constructor([entries]);
+    assertEquals(entries.length, 3);
+    assertEquals(entries[0][0], 'a');
+    assertEquals(entries[1][0], 'c');
+    assertEquals(entries[2][0], 'b');
+    msg.getMapStringStringMap().del('a');
+    assertEquals(entries.length, 3);  // not yet sync'd
+    msg.toArray();                // force a sync
+    assertEquals(entries.length, 2);
+    assertEquals(entries[0][0], 'b'); // now in sorted order
+    assertEquals(entries[1][0], 'c');
+
+    var a = msg.toArray();
+    assertEquals(a[0], entries);  // retains original reference
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Returns IteratorIterables for entries(), keys() and values().
+   */
+  it('testIteratorIterables' + suffix, function() {
+    var msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+    var m = msg.getMapStringStringMap();
+    m.set('key1', 'value1');
+    m.set('key2', 'value2');
+    var entryIterator = m.entries();
+    assertElementsEquals(entryIterator.next().value, ['key1', 'value1']);
+    assertElementsEquals(entryIterator.next().value, ['key2', 'value2']);
+    assertEquals(entryIterator.next().done, true);
+
+    try {
+      var entryIterable = m.entries()[Symbol.iterator]();
+      assertElementsEquals(entryIterable.next().value, ['key1', 'value1']);
+      assertElementsEquals(entryIterable.next().value, ['key2', 'value2']);
+      assertEquals(entryIterable.next().done, true);
+    } catch (err) {
+      // jspb.Map.ArrayIteratorIterable_.prototype[Symbol.iterator] may be
+      // undefined in some environment.
+      if (err.name != 'TypeError' && err.name != 'ReferenceError') {
+        throw err;
+      }
+    }
+
+    var keyIterator = m.keys();
+    assertEquals(keyIterator.next().value, 'key1');
+    assertEquals(keyIterator.next().value, 'key2');
+    assertEquals(keyIterator.next().done, true);
+
+    try {
+      var keyIterable = m.keys()[Symbol.iterator]();
+      assertEquals(keyIterable.next().value, 'key1');
+      assertEquals(keyIterable.next().value, 'key2');
+      assertEquals(keyIterable.next().done, true);
+    } catch (err) {
+      // jspb.Map.ArrayIteratorIterable_.prototype[Symbol.iterator] may be
+      // undefined in some environment.
+      if (err.name != 'TypeError' && err.name != 'ReferenceError') {
+        throw err;
+      }
+    }
+    var valueIterator = m.values();
+    assertEquals(valueIterator.next().value, 'value1');
+    assertEquals(valueIterator.next().value, 'value2');
+    assertEquals(valueIterator.next().done, true);
+
+    try {
+      var valueIterable = m.values()[Symbol.iterator]();
+      assertEquals(valueIterable.next().value, 'value1');
+      assertEquals(valueIterable.next().value, 'value2');
+      assertEquals(valueIterable.next().done, true);
+    } catch (err) {
+      // jspb.Map.ArrayIteratorIterable_.prototype[Symbol.iterator] may be
+      // undefined in some environment.
+      if (err.name != 'TypeError' && err.name != 'ReferenceError') {
+        throw err;
+      }
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+describe('mapsTest', function() {
+  makeTests(
+      {
+        constructor: proto.jspb.test.TestMapFields,
+        deserializeBinary: proto.jspb.test.TestMapFields.deserializeBinary
+      },
+      proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessage, '_Binary');
+  makeTests(
+      {
+        constructor: proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsNoBinary,
+        deserializeBinary: null
+      },
+      proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessageNoBinary, '_NoBinary');
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/message.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/message.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bf0378de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/message.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1886 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Definition of jspb.Message.
+ *
+ * @author mwr@google.com (Mark Rawling)
+ */
+
+goog.provide('jspb.ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo');
+goog.provide('jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo');
+goog.provide('jspb.Message');
+
+goog.require('goog.array');
+goog.require('goog.asserts');
+goog.require('goog.crypt.base64');
+goog.require('jspb.BinaryReader');
+goog.require('jspb.Map');
+
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Stores information for a single extension field.
+ *
+ * For example, an extension field defined like so:
+ *
+ *     extend BaseMessage {
+ *       optional MyMessage my_field = 123;
+ *     }
+ *
+ * will result in an ExtensionFieldInfo object with these properties:
+ *
+ *     {
+ *       fieldIndex: 123,
+ *       fieldName: {my_field_renamed: 0},
+ *       ctor: proto.example.MyMessage,
+ *       toObjectFn: proto.example.MyMessage.toObject,
+ *       isRepeated: 0
+ *     }
+ *
+ * We include `toObjectFn` to allow the JSCompiler to perform dead-code removal
+ * on unused toObject() methods.
+ *
+ * If an extension field is primitive, ctor and toObjectFn will be null.
+ * isRepeated should be 0 or 1.
+ *
+ * binary{Reader,Writer}Fn and (if message type) binaryMessageSerializeFn are
+ * always provided. binaryReaderFn and binaryWriterFn are references to the
+ * appropriate methods on BinaryReader/BinaryWriter to read/write the value of
+ * this extension, and binaryMessageSerializeFn is a reference to the message
+ * class's .serializeBinary method, if available.
+ *
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber
+ * @param {Object} fieldName This has the extension field name as a property.
+ * @param {?function(new: jspb.Message, Array=)} ctor
+ * @param {?function((boolean|undefined),!jspb.Message):!Object} toObjectFn
+ * @param {number} isRepeated
+ * @constructor
+ * @struct
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo = function(fieldNumber, fieldName, ctor, toObjectFn,
+    isRepeated) {
+  /** @const */
+  this.fieldIndex = fieldNumber;
+  /** @const */
+  this.fieldName = fieldName;
+  /** @const */
+  this.ctor = ctor;
+  /** @const */
+  this.toObjectFn = toObjectFn;
+  /** @const */
+  this.isRepeated = isRepeated;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Stores binary-related information for a single extension field.
+ * @param {!jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo<T>} fieldInfo
+ * @param {function(this:jspb.BinaryReader,number,?,?)} binaryReaderFn
+ * @param {function(this:jspb.BinaryWriter,number,?)
+ *        |function(this:jspb.BinaryWriter,number,?,?,?,?,?)} binaryWriterFn
+ * @param {function(?,?)=} opt_binaryMessageSerializeFn
+ * @param {function(?,?)=} opt_binaryMessageDeserializeFn
+ * @param {boolean=} opt_isPacked
+ * @constructor
+ * @struct
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo = function(fieldInfo, binaryReaderFn, binaryWriterFn,
+    opt_binaryMessageSerializeFn, opt_binaryMessageDeserializeFn, opt_isPacked) {
+  /** @const */
+  this.fieldInfo = fieldInfo;
+  /** @const */
+  this.binaryReaderFn = binaryReaderFn;
+  /** @const */
+  this.binaryWriterFn = binaryWriterFn;
+  /** @const */
+  this.binaryMessageSerializeFn = opt_binaryMessageSerializeFn;
+  /** @const */
+  this.binaryMessageDeserializeFn = opt_binaryMessageDeserializeFn;
+  /** @const */
+  this.isPacked = opt_isPacked;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @return {boolean} Does this field represent a sub Message?
+ */
+jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo.prototype.isMessageType = function() {
+  return !!this.ctor;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Base class for all JsPb messages.
+ *
+ * Several common methods (toObject, serializeBinary, in particular) are not
+ * defined on the prototype to encourage code patterns that minimize code bloat
+ * due to otherwise unused code on all protos contained in the project.
+ *
+ * If you want to call these methods on a generic message, either
+ * pass in your instance of method as a parameter:
+ *     someFunction(instanceOfKnownProto,
+ *                  KnownProtoClass.prototype.serializeBinary);
+ * or use a lambda that knows the type:
+ *     someFunction(()=>instanceOfKnownProto.serializeBinary());
+ * or, if you don't care about code size, just suppress the
+ *     WARNING - Property serializeBinary never defined on jspb.Message
+ * and call it the intuitive way.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @struct
+ */
+jspb.Message = function() {
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @define {boolean} Whether to generate toObject methods for objects. Turn
+ *     this off, if you do not want toObject to be ever used in your project.
+ *     When turning off this flag, consider adding a conformance test that bans
+ *     calling toObject. Enabling this will disable the JSCompiler's ability to
+ *     dead code eliminate fields used in protocol buffers that are never used
+ *     in an application.
+ */
+jspb.Message.GENERATE_TO_OBJECT =
+    goog.define('jspb.Message.GENERATE_TO_OBJECT', true);
+
+
+/**
+ * @define {boolean} Whether to generate fromObject methods for objects. Turn
+ *     this off, if you do not want fromObject to be ever used in your project.
+ *     When turning off this flag, consider adding a conformance test that bans
+ *     calling fromObject. Enabling this might disable the JSCompiler's ability
+ *     to dead code eliminate fields used in protocol buffers that are never
+ *     used in an application.
+ *     By default this is enabled for test code only.
+ */
+jspb.Message.GENERATE_FROM_OBJECT = goog.define(
+    'jspb.Message.GENERATE_FROM_OBJECT', !goog.DISALLOW_TEST_ONLY_CODE);
+
+
+/**
+ * @define {boolean} Whether to generate toString methods for objects. Turn
+ *     this off if you do not use toString in your project and want to trim it
+ *     from the compiled JS.
+ */
+jspb.Message.GENERATE_TO_STRING =
+    goog.define('jspb.Message.GENERATE_TO_STRING', true);
+
+
+/**
+ * @define {boolean} Whether arrays passed to initialize() can be assumed to be
+ *     local (e.g. not from another iframe) and thus safely classified with
+ *     instanceof Array.
+ */
+jspb.Message.ASSUME_LOCAL_ARRAYS =
+    goog.define('jspb.Message.ASSUME_LOCAL_ARRAYS', false);
+
+
+// TODO(jakubvrana): Turn this off by default.
+/**
+ * @define {boolean} Disabling the serialization of empty trailing fields
+ *     reduces the size of serialized protos. The price is an extra iteration of
+ *     the proto before serialization. This is enabled by default to be
+ *     backwards compatible. Projects are advised to turn this flag always off.
+ */
+jspb.Message.SERIALIZE_EMPTY_TRAILING_FIELDS =
+    goog.define('jspb.Message.SERIALIZE_EMPTY_TRAILING_FIELDS', true);
+
+
+/**
+ * Does this JavaScript environment support Uint8Aray typed arrays?
+ * @type {boolean}
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.SUPPORTS_UINT8ARRAY_ = (typeof Uint8Array == 'function');
+
+
+/**
+ * The internal data array.
+ * @type {!Array}
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.array;
+
+
+/**
+ * Wrappers are the constructed instances of message-type fields. They are built
+ * on demand from the raw array data. Includes message fields, repeated message
+ * fields and extension message fields. Indexed by field number.
+ * @type {Object}
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.wrappers_;
+
+
+/**
+ * The object that contains extension fields, if any. This is an object that
+ * maps from a proto field number to the field's value.
+ * @type {Object}
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.extensionObject_;
+
+
+/**
+ * Non-extension fields with a field number at or above the pivot are
+ * stored in the extension object (in addition to all extension fields).
+ * @type {number}
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.pivot_;
+
+
+/**
+ * The JsPb message_id of this proto.
+ * @type {string|undefined} the message id or undefined if this message
+ *     has no id.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.messageId_;
+
+
+/**
+ * Repeated fields that have been converted to their proper type. This is used
+ * for numbers stored as strings (typically "NaN", "Infinity" and "-Infinity")
+ * and for booleans stored as numbers (0 or 1).
+ * @private {!Object<number,boolean>|undefined}
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.convertedPrimitiveFields_;
+
+/**
+ * Repeated fields numbers.
+ * @protected {?Array<number>|undefined}
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.repeatedFields;
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns the JsPb message_id of this proto.
+ * @return {string|undefined} the message id or undefined if this message
+ *     has no id.
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.getJsPbMessageId = function() {
+  return this.messageId_;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * An offset applied to lookups into this.array to account for the presence or
+ * absence of a messageId at position 0. For response messages, this will be 0.
+ * Otherwise, it will be -1 so that the first array position is not wasted.
+ * @type {number}
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.arrayIndexOffset_;
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns the index into msg.array at which the proto field with tag number
+ * fieldNumber will be located.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg Message for which we're calculating an index.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @return {number} The index.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.getIndex_ = function(msg, fieldNumber) {
+  return fieldNumber + msg.arrayIndexOffset_;
+};
+
+// This is only here to ensure we are not back sliding on ES6 requiements for
+// protos in g3.
+jspb.Message.hiddenES6Property_ = class {};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns the tag number based on the index in msg.array.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg Message for which we're calculating an index.
+ * @param {number} index The tag number.
+ * @return {number} The field number.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.getFieldNumber_ = function(msg, index) {
+  return index - msg.arrayIndexOffset_;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a JsPb Message.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg The JsPb proto to modify.
+ * @param {Array|undefined} data An initial data array.
+ * @param {string|number} messageId For response messages, the message id or ''
+ *     if no message id is specified. For non-response messages, 0.
+ * @param {number} suggestedPivot The field number at which to start putting
+ *     fields into the extension object. This is only used if data does not
+ *     contain an extension object already. -1 if no extension object is
+ *     required for this message type.
+ * @param {Array<number>} repeatedFields The message's repeated fields.
+ * @param {Array<!Array<number>>=} opt_oneofFields The fields belonging to
+ *     each of the message's oneof unions.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.initialize = function(
+    msg, data, messageId, suggestedPivot, repeatedFields, opt_oneofFields) {
+  msg.wrappers_ = null;
+  if (!data) {
+    data = messageId ? [messageId] : [];
+  }
+  msg.messageId_ = messageId ? String(messageId) : undefined;
+  // If the messageId is 0, this message is not a response message, so we shift
+  // array indices down by 1 so as not to waste the first position in the array,
+  // which would otherwise go unused.
+  msg.arrayIndexOffset_ = messageId === 0 ? -1 : 0;
+  msg.array = data;
+  jspb.Message.initPivotAndExtensionObject_(msg, suggestedPivot);
+  msg.convertedPrimitiveFields_ = {};
+
+  if (!jspb.Message.SERIALIZE_EMPTY_TRAILING_FIELDS) {
+    // TODO(jakubvrana): This is same for all instances, move to prototype.
+    // TODO(jakubvrana): There are indexOf calls on this in serializtion,
+    // consider switching to a set.
+    msg.repeatedFields = repeatedFields;
+  }
+
+  if (repeatedFields) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < repeatedFields.length; i++) {
+      var fieldNumber = repeatedFields[i];
+      if (fieldNumber < msg.pivot_) {
+        var index = jspb.Message.getIndex_(msg, fieldNumber);
+        msg.array[index] =
+            msg.array[index] || jspb.Message.EMPTY_LIST_SENTINEL_;
+      } else {
+        jspb.Message.maybeInitEmptyExtensionObject_(msg);
+        msg.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] = msg.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] ||
+            jspb.Message.EMPTY_LIST_SENTINEL_;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (opt_oneofFields && opt_oneofFields.length) {
+    // Compute the oneof case for each union. This ensures only one value is
+    // set in the union.
+    for (var i = 0; i < opt_oneofFields.length; i++) {
+      jspb.Message.computeOneofCase(msg, opt_oneofFields[i]);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Used to mark empty repeated fields. Serializes to null when serialized
+ * to JSON.
+ * When reading a repeated field readers must check the return value against
+ * this value and return and replace it with a new empty array if it is
+ * present.
+ * @private @const {!Object}
+ */
+jspb.Message.EMPTY_LIST_SENTINEL_ = goog.DEBUG && Object.freeze ?
+    Object.freeze([]) :
+    [];
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if the provided argument is an array.
+ * @param {*} o The object to classify as array or not.
+ * @return {boolean} True if the provided object is an array.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.isArray_ = function(o) {
+  return jspb.Message.ASSUME_LOCAL_ARRAYS ? o instanceof Array :
+                                            goog.isArray(o);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if the provided argument is an extension object.
+ * @param {*} o The object to classify as array or not.
+ * @return {boolean} True if the provided object is an extension object.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.isExtensionObject_ = function(o) {
+  // Normal fields are never objects, so we can be sure that if we find an
+  // object here, then it's the extension object. However, we must ensure that
+  // the object is not an array, since arrays are valid field values (bytes
+  // fields can also be array).
+  // NOTE(lukestebbing): We avoid looking at .length to avoid a JIT bug
+  // in Safari on iOS 8. See the description of CL/86511464 for details.
+  return (o !== null && typeof o == 'object' &&
+      !jspb.Message.isArray_(o) &&
+      !(jspb.Message.SUPPORTS_UINT8ARRAY_ && o instanceof Uint8Array));
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * If the array contains an extension object in its last position, then the
+ * object is kept in place and its position is used as the pivot.  If not,
+ * decides the pivot of the message based on suggestedPivot without
+ * materializing the extension object.
+ *
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg The JsPb proto to modify.
+ * @param {number} suggestedPivot See description for initialize().
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.initPivotAndExtensionObject_ = function(msg, suggestedPivot) {
+  // There are 3 variants that need to be dealt with which are the
+  // combination of whether there exists an extension object (EO) and
+  // whether there is a suggested pivot (SP).
+  //
+  // EO,    ?    : pivot is the index of the EO
+  // no-EO, no-SP: pivot is MAX_INT
+  // no-EO, SP   : pivot is the max(lastindex + 1, SP)
+
+  var msgLength = msg.array.length;
+  var lastIndex = -1;
+  if (msgLength) {
+    lastIndex = msgLength - 1;
+    var obj = msg.array[lastIndex];
+    if (jspb.Message.isExtensionObject_(obj)) {
+      msg.pivot_ = jspb.Message.getFieldNumber_(msg, lastIndex);
+      msg.extensionObject_ = obj;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (suggestedPivot > -1) {
+    // If a extension object is not present, set the pivot value as being
+    // after the last value in the array to avoid overwriting values, etc.
+    msg.pivot_ = Math.max(
+        suggestedPivot, jspb.Message.getFieldNumber_(msg, lastIndex + 1));
+    // Avoid changing the shape of the proto with an empty extension object by
+    // deferring the materialization of the extension object until the first
+    // time a field set into it (may be due to getting a repeated proto field
+    // from it, in which case a new empty array is set into it at first).
+    msg.extensionObject_ = null;
+  } else {
+    // suggestedPivot is -1, which means that we don't have an extension object
+    // at all, in which case all fields are stored in the array.
+    msg.pivot_ = Number.MAX_VALUE;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Creates an empty extensionObject_ if non exists.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg The JsPb proto to modify.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.maybeInitEmptyExtensionObject_ = function(msg) {
+  var pivotIndex = jspb.Message.getIndex_(msg, msg.pivot_);
+  if (!msg.array[pivotIndex]) {
+    msg.extensionObject_ = msg.array[pivotIndex] = {};
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts a JsPb repeated message field into an object list.
+ * @param {!Array<T>} field The repeated message field to be
+ *     converted.
+ * @param {?function(boolean=): Object|
+ *     function((boolean|undefined),T): Object} toObjectFn The toObject
+ *     function for this field.  We need to pass this for effective dead code
+ *     removal.
+ * @param {boolean=} opt_includeInstance Whether to include the JSPB instance
+ *     for transitional soy proto support: http://goto/soy-param-migration
+ * @return {!Array<Object>} An array of converted message objects.
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.Message.toObjectList = function(field, toObjectFn, opt_includeInstance) {
+  // Not using goog.array.map in the generated code to keep it small.
+  // And not using it here to avoid a function call.
+  var result = [];
+  for (var i = 0; i < field.length; i++) {
+    result[i] = toObjectFn.call(field[i], opt_includeInstance, field[i]);
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Adds a proto's extension data to a Soy rendering object.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} proto The proto whose extensions to convert.
+ * @param {!Object} obj The Soy object to add converted extension data to.
+ * @param {!Object} extensions The proto class' registered extensions.
+ * @param {function(this:?, jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo) : *} getExtensionFn
+ *     The proto class' getExtension function. Passed for effective dead code
+ *     removal.
+ * @param {boolean=} opt_includeInstance Whether to include the JSPB instance
+ *     for transitional soy proto support: http://goto/soy-param-migration
+ */
+jspb.Message.toObjectExtension = function(proto, obj, extensions,
+    getExtensionFn, opt_includeInstance) {
+  for (var fieldNumber in extensions) {
+    var fieldInfo = extensions[fieldNumber];
+    var value = getExtensionFn.call(proto, fieldInfo);
+    if (value != null) {
+      for (var name in fieldInfo.fieldName) {
+        if (fieldInfo.fieldName.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+          break; // the compiled field name
+        }
+      }
+      if (!fieldInfo.toObjectFn) {
+        obj[name] = value;
+      } else {
+        if (fieldInfo.isRepeated) {
+          obj[name] = jspb.Message.toObjectList(
+              /** @type {!Array<!jspb.Message>} */ (value),
+              fieldInfo.toObjectFn, opt_includeInstance);
+        } else {
+          obj[name] = fieldInfo.toObjectFn(
+              opt_includeInstance, /** @type {!jspb.Message} */ (value));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Writes a proto's extension data to a binary-format output stream.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} proto The proto whose extensions to convert.
+ * @param {*} writer The binary-format writer to write to.
+ * @param {!Object} extensions The proto class' registered extensions.
+ * @param {function(this:jspb.Message,!jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo) : *} getExtensionFn The proto
+ *     class' getExtension function. Passed for effective dead code removal.
+ */
+jspb.Message.serializeBinaryExtensions = function(proto, writer, extensions,
+    getExtensionFn) {
+  for (var fieldNumber in extensions) {
+    var binaryFieldInfo = extensions[fieldNumber];
+    var fieldInfo = binaryFieldInfo.fieldInfo;
+
+    // The old codegen doesn't add the extra fields to ExtensionFieldInfo, so we
+    // need to gracefully error-out here rather than produce a null dereference
+    // below.
+    if (!binaryFieldInfo.binaryWriterFn) {
+      throw new Error('Message extension present that was generated ' +
+                      'without binary serialization support');
+    }
+    var value = getExtensionFn.call(proto, fieldInfo);
+    if (value != null) {
+      if (fieldInfo.isMessageType()) {
+        // If the message type of the extension was generated without binary
+        // support, there may not be a binary message serializer function, and
+        // we can't know when we codegen the extending message that the extended
+        // message may require binary support, so we can *only* catch this error
+        // here, at runtime (and this decoupled codegen is the whole point of
+        // extensions!).
+        if (binaryFieldInfo.binaryMessageSerializeFn) {
+          binaryFieldInfo.binaryWriterFn.call(writer, fieldInfo.fieldIndex,
+              value, binaryFieldInfo.binaryMessageSerializeFn);
+        } else {
+          throw new Error('Message extension present holding submessage ' +
+                          'without binary support enabled, and message is ' +
+                          'being serialized to binary format');
+        }
+      } else {
+        binaryFieldInfo.binaryWriterFn.call(
+            writer, fieldInfo.fieldIndex, value);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Reads an extension field from the given reader and, if a valid extension,
+ * sets the extension value.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {!jspb.BinaryReader} reader
+ * @param {!Object} extensions The extensions object.
+ * @param {function(this:jspb.Message,!jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo)} getExtensionFn
+ * @param {function(this:jspb.Message,!jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo, ?)} setExtensionFn
+ */
+jspb.Message.readBinaryExtension = function(msg, reader, extensions,
+    getExtensionFn, setExtensionFn) {
+  var binaryFieldInfo = extensions[reader.getFieldNumber()];
+  if (!binaryFieldInfo) {
+    reader.skipField();
+    return;
+  }
+  var fieldInfo = binaryFieldInfo.fieldInfo;
+  if (!binaryFieldInfo.binaryReaderFn) {
+    throw new Error('Deserializing extension whose generated code does not ' +
+                    'support binary format');
+  }
+
+  var value;
+  if (fieldInfo.isMessageType()) {
+    value = new fieldInfo.ctor();
+    binaryFieldInfo.binaryReaderFn.call(
+        reader, value, binaryFieldInfo.binaryMessageDeserializeFn);
+  } else {
+    // All other types.
+    value = binaryFieldInfo.binaryReaderFn.call(reader);
+  }
+
+  if (fieldInfo.isRepeated && !binaryFieldInfo.isPacked) {
+    var currentList = getExtensionFn.call(msg, fieldInfo);
+    if (!currentList) {
+      setExtensionFn.call(msg, fieldInfo, [value]);
+    } else {
+      currentList.push(value);
+    }
+  } else {
+    setExtensionFn.call(msg, fieldInfo, value);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a non-extension field.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @return {string|number|boolean|Uint8Array|Array|null|undefined}
+ * The field's value.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.getField = function(msg, fieldNumber) {
+  if (fieldNumber < msg.pivot_) {
+    var index = jspb.Message.getIndex_(msg, fieldNumber);
+    var val = msg.array[index];
+    if (val === jspb.Message.EMPTY_LIST_SENTINEL_) {
+      return msg.array[index] = [];
+    }
+    return val;
+  } else {
+    if (!msg.extensionObject_) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    var val = msg.extensionObject_[fieldNumber];
+    if (val === jspb.Message.EMPTY_LIST_SENTINEL_) {
+      return msg.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] = [];
+    }
+    return val;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a non-extension repeated field.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @return {!Array}
+ * The field's value.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.getRepeatedField = function(msg, fieldNumber) {
+  return /** @type {!Array} */ (jspb.Message.getField(msg, fieldNumber));
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of an optional float or double field.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @return {?number|undefined} The field's value.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.getOptionalFloatingPointField = function(msg, fieldNumber) {
+  var value = jspb.Message.getField(msg, fieldNumber);
+  // Converts "NaN", "Infinity" and "-Infinity" to their corresponding numbers.
+  return value == null ? value : +value;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of an optional boolean field.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @return {?boolean|undefined} The field's value.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.getBooleanField = function(msg, fieldNumber) {
+  var value = jspb.Message.getField(msg, fieldNumber);
+  // TODO(b/122673075): always return null when the value is null-ish.
+  return value == null ? (value) : !!value;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a repeated float or double field.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @return {!Array<number>} The field's value.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.getRepeatedFloatingPointField = function(msg, fieldNumber) {
+  var values = jspb.Message.getRepeatedField(msg, fieldNumber);
+  if (!msg.convertedPrimitiveFields_) {
+    msg.convertedPrimitiveFields_ = {};
+  }
+  if (!msg.convertedPrimitiveFields_[fieldNumber]) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+      // Converts "NaN", "Infinity" and "-Infinity" to their corresponding
+      // numbers.
+      values[i] = +values[i];
+    }
+    msg.convertedPrimitiveFields_[fieldNumber] = true;
+  }
+  return /** @type {!Array<number>} */ (values);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a repeated boolean field.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @return {!Array<boolean>} The field's value.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.getRepeatedBooleanField = function(msg, fieldNumber) {
+  var values = jspb.Message.getRepeatedField(msg, fieldNumber);
+  if (!msg.convertedPrimitiveFields_) {
+    msg.convertedPrimitiveFields_ = {};
+  }
+  if (!msg.convertedPrimitiveFields_[fieldNumber]) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+      // Converts 0 and 1 to their corresponding booleans.
+      values[i] = !!values[i];
+    }
+    msg.convertedPrimitiveFields_[fieldNumber] = true;
+  }
+  return /** @type {!Array<boolean>} */ (values);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Coerce a 'bytes' field to a base 64 string.
+ * @param {string|Uint8Array|null} value
+ * @return {?string} The field's coerced value.
+ */
+jspb.Message.bytesAsB64 = function(value) {
+  if (value == null || typeof value === 'string') {
+    return value;
+  }
+  if (jspb.Message.SUPPORTS_UINT8ARRAY_ && value instanceof Uint8Array) {
+    return goog.crypt.base64.encodeByteArray(value);
+  }
+  goog.asserts.fail('Cannot coerce to b64 string: ' + goog.typeOf(value));
+  return null;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Coerce a 'bytes' field to a Uint8Array byte buffer.
+ * Note that Uint8Array is not supported on IE versions before 10 nor on Opera
+ * Mini. @see http://caniuse.com/Uint8Array
+ * @param {string|Uint8Array|null} value
+ * @return {?Uint8Array} The field's coerced value.
+ */
+jspb.Message.bytesAsU8 = function(value) {
+  if (value == null || value instanceof Uint8Array) {
+    return value;
+  }
+  if (typeof value === 'string') {
+    return goog.crypt.base64.decodeStringToUint8Array(value);
+  }
+  goog.asserts.fail('Cannot coerce to Uint8Array: ' + goog.typeOf(value));
+  return null;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Coerce a repeated 'bytes' field to an array of base 64 strings.
+ * Note: the returned array should be treated as immutable.
+ * @param {!Array<string>|!Array<!Uint8Array>} value
+ * @return {!Array<string?>} The field's coerced value.
+ */
+jspb.Message.bytesListAsB64 = function(value) {
+  jspb.Message.assertConsistentTypes_(value);
+  if (!value.length || typeof value[0] === 'string') {
+    return /** @type {!Array<string>} */ (value);
+  }
+  return goog.array.map(value, jspb.Message.bytesAsB64);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Coerce a repeated 'bytes' field to an array of Uint8Array byte buffers.
+ * Note: the returned array should be treated as immutable.
+ * Note that Uint8Array is not supported on IE versions before 10 nor on Opera
+ * Mini. @see http://caniuse.com/Uint8Array
+ * @param {!Array<string>|!Array<!Uint8Array>} value
+ * @return {!Array<Uint8Array?>} The field's coerced value.
+ */
+jspb.Message.bytesListAsU8 = function(value) {
+  jspb.Message.assertConsistentTypes_(value);
+  if (!value.length || value[0] instanceof Uint8Array) {
+    return /** @type {!Array<!Uint8Array>} */ (value);
+  }
+  return goog.array.map(value, jspb.Message.bytesAsU8);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Asserts that all elements of an array are of the same type.
+ * @param {Array?} array The array to test.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.assertConsistentTypes_ = function(array) {
+  if (goog.DEBUG && array && array.length > 1) {
+    var expected = goog.typeOf(array[0]);
+    goog.array.forEach(array, function(e) {
+      if (goog.typeOf(e) != expected) {
+        goog.asserts.fail('Inconsistent type in JSPB repeated field array. ' +
+            'Got ' + goog.typeOf(e) + ' expected ' + expected);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a non-extension primitive field, with proto3 (non-nullable
+ * primitives) semantics. Returns `defaultValue` if the field is not otherwise
+ * set.
+ * @template T
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {T} defaultValue The default value.
+ * @return {T} The field's value.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.getFieldWithDefault = function(msg, fieldNumber, defaultValue) {
+  var value = jspb.Message.getField(msg, fieldNumber);
+  if (value == null) {
+    return defaultValue;
+  } else {
+    return value;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a boolean field, with proto3 (non-nullable primitives)
+ * semantics. Returns `defaultValue` if the field is not otherwise set.
+ * @template T
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {boolean} defaultValue The default value.
+ * @return {boolean} The field's value.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.getBooleanFieldWithDefault = function(
+    msg, fieldNumber, defaultValue) {
+  var value = jspb.Message.getBooleanField(msg, fieldNumber);
+  if (value == null) {
+    return defaultValue;
+  } else {
+    return value;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a floating point field, with proto3 (non-nullable
+ * primitives) semantics. Returns `defaultValue` if the field is not otherwise
+ * set.
+ * @template T
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {number} defaultValue The default value.
+ * @return {number} The field's value.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.getFloatingPointFieldWithDefault = function(
+    msg, fieldNumber, defaultValue) {
+  var value = jspb.Message.getOptionalFloatingPointField(msg, fieldNumber);
+  if (value == null) {
+    return defaultValue;
+  } else {
+    return value;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Alias for getFieldWithDefault used by older generated code.
+ * @template T
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {T} defaultValue The default value.
+ * @return {T} The field's value.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.getFieldProto3 = jspb.Message.getFieldWithDefault;
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a map field, lazily creating the map container if
+ * necessary.
+ *
+ * This should only be called from generated code, because it requires knowledge
+ * of serialization/parsing callbacks (which are required by the map at
+ * construction time, and the map may be constructed here).
+ *
+ * @template K, V
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber
+ * @param {boolean|undefined} noLazyCreate
+ * @param {?=} opt_valueCtor
+ * @return {!jspb.Map<K, V>|undefined}
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.getMapField = function(msg, fieldNumber, noLazyCreate,
+    opt_valueCtor) {
+  if (!msg.wrappers_) {
+    msg.wrappers_ = {};
+  }
+  // If we already have a map in the map wrappers, return that.
+  if (fieldNumber in msg.wrappers_) {
+    return msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber];
+  }
+  var arr = jspb.Message.getField(msg, fieldNumber);
+  // Wrap the underlying elements array with a Map.
+  if (!arr) {
+    if (noLazyCreate) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    arr = [];
+    jspb.Message.setField(msg, fieldNumber, arr);
+  }
+  return msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber] =
+      new jspb.Map(
+          /** @type {!Array<!Array<!Object>>} */ (arr), opt_valueCtor);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a non-extension field.
+ * @param {T} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {string|number|boolean|Uint8Array|Array|undefined} value New value
+ * @return {T} return msg
+ * @template T
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.setField = function(msg, fieldNumber, value) {
+  // TODO(b/35241823): replace this with a bounded generic when available
+  goog.asserts.assertInstanceof(msg, jspb.Message);
+  if (fieldNumber < msg.pivot_) {
+    msg.array[jspb.Message.getIndex_(msg, fieldNumber)] = value;
+  } else {
+    jspb.Message.maybeInitEmptyExtensionObject_(msg);
+    msg.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] = value;
+  }
+  return msg;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a non-extension integer field of a proto3
+ * @param {T} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {number} value New value
+ * @return {T} return msg
+ * @template T
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.setProto3IntField = function(msg, fieldNumber, value) {
+  return jspb.Message.setFieldIgnoringDefault_(msg, fieldNumber, value, 0);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a non-extension floating point field of a proto3
+ * @param {T} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {number} value New value
+ * @return {T} return msg
+ * @template T
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.setProto3FloatField = function(msg, fieldNumber, value) {
+  return jspb.Message.setFieldIgnoringDefault_(msg, fieldNumber, value, 0.0);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a non-extension boolean field of a proto3
+ * @param {T} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {boolean} value New value
+ * @return {T} return msg
+ * @template T
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.setProto3BooleanField = function(msg, fieldNumber, value) {
+  return jspb.Message.setFieldIgnoringDefault_(msg, fieldNumber, value, false);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a non-extension String field of a proto3
+ * @param {T} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {string} value New value
+ * @return {T} return msg
+ * @template T
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.setProto3StringField = function(msg, fieldNumber, value) {
+  return jspb.Message.setFieldIgnoringDefault_(msg, fieldNumber, value, '');
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a non-extension Bytes field of a proto3
+ * @param {T} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {!Uint8Array|string} value New value
+ * @return {T} return msg
+ * @template T
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.setProto3BytesField = function(msg, fieldNumber, value) {
+  return jspb.Message.setFieldIgnoringDefault_(msg, fieldNumber, value, '');
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a non-extension enum field of a proto3
+ * @param {T} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {number} value New value
+ * @return {T} return msg
+ * @template T
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.setProto3EnumField = function(msg, fieldNumber, value) {
+  return jspb.Message.setFieldIgnoringDefault_(msg, fieldNumber, value, 0);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a non-extension int field of a proto3 that has jstype set
+ * to String.
+ * @param {T} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {string} value New value
+ * @return {T} return msg
+ * @template T
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.setProto3StringIntField = function(msg, fieldNumber, value) {
+  return jspb.Message.setFieldIgnoringDefault_(msg, fieldNumber, value, '0');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a non-extension primitive field, with proto3 (non-nullable
+ * primitives) semantics of ignoring values that are equal to the type's
+ * default.
+ * @param {T} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {!Uint8Array|string|number|boolean|undefined} value New value
+ * @param {!Uint8Array|string|number|boolean} defaultValue The default value.
+ * @return {T} return msg
+ * @template T
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.setFieldIgnoringDefault_ = function(
+    msg, fieldNumber, value, defaultValue) {
+  // TODO(b/35241823): replace this with a bounded generic when available
+  goog.asserts.assertInstanceof(msg, jspb.Message);
+  if (value !== defaultValue) {
+    jspb.Message.setField(msg, fieldNumber, value);
+  } else {
+    msg.array[jspb.Message.getIndex_(msg, fieldNumber)] = null;
+  }
+  return msg;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Adds a value to a repeated, primitive field.
+ * @param {T} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {string|number|boolean|!Uint8Array} value New value
+ * @param {number=} opt_index Index where to put new value.
+ * @return {T} return msg
+ * @template T
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.addToRepeatedField = function(msg, fieldNumber, value, opt_index) {
+  // TODO(b/35241823): replace this with a bounded generic when available
+  goog.asserts.assertInstanceof(msg, jspb.Message);
+  var arr = jspb.Message.getRepeatedField(msg, fieldNumber);
+  if (opt_index != undefined) {
+    arr.splice(opt_index, 0, value);
+  } else {
+    arr.push(value);
+  }
+  return msg;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a field in a oneof union and clears all other fields in
+ * the union.
+ * @param {T} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {!Array<number>} oneof The fields belonging to the union.
+ * @param {string|number|boolean|Uint8Array|Array|undefined} value New value
+ * @return {T} return msg
+ * @template T
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.setOneofField = function(msg, fieldNumber, oneof, value) {
+  // TODO(b/35241823): replace this with a bounded generic when available
+  goog.asserts.assertInstanceof(msg, jspb.Message);
+  var currentCase = jspb.Message.computeOneofCase(msg, oneof);
+  if (currentCase && currentCase !== fieldNumber && value !== undefined) {
+    if (msg.wrappers_ && currentCase in msg.wrappers_) {
+      msg.wrappers_[currentCase] = undefined;
+    }
+    jspb.Message.setField(msg, currentCase, undefined);
+  }
+  return jspb.Message.setField(msg, fieldNumber, value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Computes the selection in a oneof group for the given message, ensuring
+ * only one field is set in the process.
+ *
+ * According to the protobuf language guide (
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto#oneof), "if the
+ * parser encounters multiple members of the same oneof on the wire, only the
+ * last member seen is used in the parsed message." Since JSPB serializes
+ * messages to a JSON array, the "last member seen" will always be the field
+ * with the greatest field number (directly corresponding to the greatest
+ * array index).
+ *
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {!Array<number>} oneof The field numbers belonging to the union.
+ * @return {number} The field number currently set in the union, or 0 if none.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.computeOneofCase = function(msg, oneof) {
+  var oneofField;
+  var oneofValue;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < oneof.length; i++) {
+    var fieldNumber = oneof[i];
+    var value = jspb.Message.getField(msg, fieldNumber);
+    if (value != null) {
+      oneofField = fieldNumber;
+      oneofValue = value;
+      jspb.Message.setField(msg, fieldNumber, undefined);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (oneofField) {
+    // NB: We know the value is unique, so we can call jspb.Message.setField
+    // directly instead of jpsb.Message.setOneofField. Also, setOneofField
+    // calls this function.
+    jspb.Message.setField(msg, oneofField, oneofValue);
+    return oneofField;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets and wraps a proto field on access.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {function(new:jspb.Message, Array)} ctor Constructor for the field.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {number=} opt_required True (1) if this is a required field.
+ * @return {jspb.Message} The field as a jspb proto.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.getWrapperField = function(msg, ctor, fieldNumber, opt_required) {
+  // TODO(mwr): Consider copying data and/or arrays.
+  if (!msg.wrappers_) {
+    msg.wrappers_ = {};
+  }
+  if (!msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber]) {
+    var data = /** @type {Array} */ (jspb.Message.getField(msg, fieldNumber));
+    if (opt_required || data) {
+      // TODO(mwr): Remove existence test for always valid default protos.
+      msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = new ctor(data);
+    }
+  }
+  return /** @type {jspb.Message} */ (msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber]);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets and wraps a repeated proto field on access.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {function(new:jspb.Message, Array)} ctor Constructor for the field.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @return {!Array<!jspb.Message>} The repeated field as an array of protos.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.getRepeatedWrapperField = function(msg, ctor, fieldNumber) {
+  jspb.Message.wrapRepeatedField_(msg, ctor, fieldNumber);
+  var val = msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber];
+  if (val == jspb.Message.EMPTY_LIST_SENTINEL_) {
+    val = msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = [];
+  }
+  return /** @type {!Array<!jspb.Message>} */ (val);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Wraps underlying array into proto message representation if it wasn't done
+ * before.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {function(new:jspb.Message, ?Array)} ctor Constructor for the field.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.wrapRepeatedField_ = function(msg, ctor, fieldNumber) {
+  if (!msg.wrappers_) {
+    msg.wrappers_ = {};
+  }
+  if (!msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber]) {
+    var data = jspb.Message.getRepeatedField(msg, fieldNumber);
+    for (var wrappers = [], i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+      wrappers[i] = new ctor(data[i]);
+    }
+    msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = wrappers;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets a proto field and syncs it to the backing array.
+ * @param {T} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {?jspb.Message|?jspb.Map|undefined} value A new value for this proto
+ * field.
+ * @return {T} the msg
+ * @template T
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.setWrapperField = function(msg, fieldNumber, value) {
+  // TODO(b/35241823): replace this with a bounded generic when available
+  goog.asserts.assertInstanceof(msg, jspb.Message);
+  if (!msg.wrappers_) {
+    msg.wrappers_ = {};
+  }
+  var data = value ? value.toArray() : value;
+  msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = value;
+  return jspb.Message.setField(msg, fieldNumber, data);
+};
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets a proto field in a oneof union and syncs it to the backing array.
+ * @param {T} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {!Array<number>} oneof The fields belonging to the union.
+ * @param {jspb.Message|undefined} value A new value for this proto field.
+ * @return {T} the msg
+ * @template T
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.setOneofWrapperField = function(msg, fieldNumber, oneof, value) {
+  // TODO(b/35241823): replace this with a bounded generic when available
+  goog.asserts.assertInstanceof(msg, jspb.Message);
+  if (!msg.wrappers_) {
+    msg.wrappers_ = {};
+  }
+  var data = value ? value.toArray() : value;
+  msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = value;
+  return jspb.Message.setOneofField(msg, fieldNumber, oneof, data);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets a repeated proto field and syncs it to the backing array.
+ * @param {T} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {Array<!jspb.Message>|undefined} value An array of protos.
+ * @return {T} the msg
+ * @template T
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.setRepeatedWrapperField = function(msg, fieldNumber, value) {
+  // TODO(b/35241823): replace this with a bounded generic when available
+  goog.asserts.assertInstanceof(msg, jspb.Message);
+  if (!msg.wrappers_) {
+    msg.wrappers_ = {};
+  }
+  value = value || [];
+  for (var data = [], i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+    data[i] = value[i].toArray();
+  }
+  msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = value;
+  return jspb.Message.setField(msg, fieldNumber, data);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Add a message to a repeated proto field.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {T_CHILD|undefined} value Proto that will be added to the
+ *     repeated field.
+ * @param {function(new:T_CHILD, ?Array=)} ctor The constructor of the
+ *     message type.
+ * @param {number|undefined} index Index at which to insert the value.
+ * @return {T_CHILD_NOT_UNDEFINED} proto that was inserted to the repeated field
+ * @template MessageType
+ * Use go/closure-ttl to declare a non-undefined version of T_CHILD. Replace the
+ * undefined in blah|undefined with none. This is necessary because the compiler
+ * will infer T_CHILD to be |undefined.
+ * @template T_CHILD
+ * @template T_CHILD_NOT_UNDEFINED :=
+ *     cond(isUnknown(T_CHILD), unknown(),
+ *       mapunion(T_CHILD, (X) =>
+ *         cond(eq(X, 'undefined'), none(), X)))
+ * =:
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.addToRepeatedWrapperField = function(
+    msg, fieldNumber, value, ctor, index) {
+  jspb.Message.wrapRepeatedField_(msg, ctor, fieldNumber);
+  var wrapperArray = msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber];
+  if (!wrapperArray) {
+    wrapperArray = msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = [];
+  }
+  var insertedValue = value ? value : new ctor();
+  var array = jspb.Message.getRepeatedField(msg, fieldNumber);
+  if (index != undefined) {
+    wrapperArray.splice(index, 0, insertedValue);
+    array.splice(index, 0, insertedValue.toArray());
+  } else {
+    wrapperArray.push(insertedValue);
+    array.push(insertedValue.toArray());
+  }
+  return insertedValue;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Converts a JsPb repeated message field into a map. The map will contain
+ * protos unless an optional toObject function is given, in which case it will
+ * contain objects suitable for Soy rendering.
+ * @param {!Array<T>} field The repeated message field to be
+ *     converted.
+ * @param {function() : string?} mapKeyGetterFn The function to get the key of
+ *     the map.
+ * @param {?function(boolean=): Object|
+ *     function((boolean|undefined),T): Object} opt_toObjectFn The
+ *     toObject function for this field. We need to pass this for effective
+ *     dead code removal.
+ * @param {boolean=} opt_includeInstance Whether to include the JSPB instance
+ *     for transitional soy proto support: http://goto/soy-param-migration
+ * @return {!Object<string, Object>} A map of proto or Soy objects.
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.Message.toMap = function(
+    field, mapKeyGetterFn, opt_toObjectFn, opt_includeInstance) {
+  var result = {};
+  for (var i = 0; i < field.length; i++) {
+    result[mapKeyGetterFn.call(field[i])] = opt_toObjectFn ?
+        opt_toObjectFn.call(field[i], opt_includeInstance,
+            /** @type {!jspb.Message} */ (field[i])) : field[i];
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Syncs all map fields' contents back to their underlying arrays.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.syncMapFields_ = function() {
+  // This iterates over submessage, map, and repeated fields, which is intended.
+  // Submessages can contain maps which also need to be synced.
+  //
+  // There is a lot of opportunity for optimization here.  For example we could
+  // statically determine that some messages have no submessages with maps and
+  // optimize this method away for those just by generating one extra static
+  // boolean per message type.
+  if (this.wrappers_) {
+    for (var fieldNumber in this.wrappers_) {
+      var val = this.wrappers_[fieldNumber];
+      if (goog.isArray(val)) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < val.length; i++) {
+          if (val[i]) {
+            val[i].toArray();
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Works for submessages and maps.
+        if (val) {
+          val.toArray();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns the internal array of this proto.
+ * <p>Note: If you use this array to construct a second proto, the content
+ * would then be partially shared between the two protos.
+ * @return {!Array} The proto represented as an array.
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.toArray = function() {
+  this.syncMapFields_();
+  return this.array;
+};
+
+
+
+if (jspb.Message.GENERATE_TO_STRING) {
+
+/**
+ * Creates a string representation of the internal data array of this proto.
+ * <p>NOTE: This string is *not* suitable for use in server requests.
+ * @return {string} A string representation of this proto.
+ * @override
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.toString = function() {
+  this.syncMapFields_();
+  return this.array.toString();
+};
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of the extension field from the extended object.
+ * @param {jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo<T>} fieldInfo Specifies the field to get.
+ * @return {T} The value of the field.
+ * @template T
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.getExtension = function(fieldInfo) {
+  if (!this.extensionObject_) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  if (!this.wrappers_) {
+    this.wrappers_ = {};
+  }
+  var fieldNumber = fieldInfo.fieldIndex;
+  if (fieldInfo.isRepeated) {
+    if (fieldInfo.isMessageType()) {
+      if (!this.wrappers_[fieldNumber]) {
+        this.wrappers_[fieldNumber] =
+            goog.array.map(this.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] || [],
+                function(arr) {
+                  return new fieldInfo.ctor(arr);
+                });
+      }
+      return this.wrappers_[fieldNumber];
+    } else {
+      return this.extensionObject_[fieldNumber];
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (fieldInfo.isMessageType()) {
+      if (!this.wrappers_[fieldNumber] && this.extensionObject_[fieldNumber]) {
+        this.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = new fieldInfo.ctor(
+            /** @type {Array|undefined} */ (
+                this.extensionObject_[fieldNumber]));
+      }
+      return this.wrappers_[fieldNumber];
+    } else {
+      return this.extensionObject_[fieldNumber];
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of the extension field in the extended object.
+ * @param {jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo} fieldInfo Specifies the field to set.
+ * @param {jspb.Message|string|Uint8Array|number|boolean|Array?} value The value
+ *     to set.
+ * @return {THIS} For chaining
+ * @this {THIS}
+ * @template THIS
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.setExtension = function(fieldInfo, value) {
+  // Cast self, since the inferred THIS is unknown inside the function body.
+  // https://github.com/google/closure-compiler/issues/1411#issuecomment-232442220
+  var self = /** @type {!jspb.Message} */ (this);
+  if (!self.wrappers_) {
+    self.wrappers_ = {};
+  }
+  jspb.Message.maybeInitEmptyExtensionObject_(self);
+  var fieldNumber = fieldInfo.fieldIndex;
+  if (fieldInfo.isRepeated) {
+    value = value || [];
+    if (fieldInfo.isMessageType()) {
+      self.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = value;
+      self.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] = goog.array.map(
+          /** @type {!Array<!jspb.Message>} */ (value), function(msg) {
+        return msg.toArray();
+      });
+    } else {
+      self.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] = value;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (fieldInfo.isMessageType()) {
+      self.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = value;
+      self.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] =
+          value ? /** @type {!jspb.Message} */ (value).toArray() : value;
+    } else {
+      self.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] = value;
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Creates a difference object between two messages.
+ *
+ * The result will contain the top-level fields of m2 that differ from those of
+ * m1 at any level of nesting. No data is cloned, the result object will
+ * share its top-level elements with m2 (but not with m1).
+ *
+ * Note that repeated fields should not have null/undefined elements, but if
+ * they do, this operation will treat repeated fields of different length as
+ * the same if the only difference between them is due to trailing
+ * null/undefined values.
+ *
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} m1 The first message object.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} m2 The second message object.
+ * @return {!jspb.Message} The difference returned as a proto message.
+ *     Note that the returned message may be missing required fields. This is
+ *     currently tolerated in Js, but would cause an error if you tried to
+ *     send such a proto to the server. You can access the raw difference
+ *     array with result.toArray().
+ * @throws {Error} If the messages are responses with different types.
+ */
+jspb.Message.difference = function(m1, m2) {
+  if (!(m1 instanceof m2.constructor)) {
+    throw new Error('Messages have different types.');
+  }
+  var arr1 = m1.toArray();
+  var arr2 = m2.toArray();
+  var res = [];
+  var start = 0;
+  var length = arr1.length > arr2.length ? arr1.length : arr2.length;
+  if (m1.getJsPbMessageId()) {
+    res[0] = m1.getJsPbMessageId();
+    start = 1;
+  }
+  for (var i = start; i < length; i++) {
+    if (!jspb.Message.compareFields(arr1[i], arr2[i])) {
+      res[i] = arr2[i];
+    }
+  }
+  return new m1.constructor(res);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Tests whether two messages are equal.
+ * @param {jspb.Message|undefined} m1 The first message object.
+ * @param {jspb.Message|undefined} m2 The second message object.
+ * @return {boolean} true if both messages are null/undefined, or if both are
+ *     of the same type and have the same field values.
+ */
+jspb.Message.equals = function(m1, m2) {
+  return m1 == m2 || (!!(m1 && m2) && (m1 instanceof m2.constructor) &&
+      jspb.Message.compareFields(m1.toArray(), m2.toArray()));
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Compares two message extension fields recursively.
+ * @param {!Object} extension1 The first field.
+ * @param {!Object} extension2 The second field.
+ * @return {boolean} true if the extensions are null/undefined, or otherwise
+ *     equal.
+ */
+jspb.Message.compareExtensions = function(extension1, extension2) {
+  extension1 = extension1 || {};
+  extension2 = extension2 || {};
+
+  var keys = {};
+  for (var name in extension1) {
+    keys[name] = 0;
+  }
+  for (var name in extension2) {
+    keys[name] = 0;
+  }
+  for (name in keys) {
+    if (!jspb.Message.compareFields(extension1[name], extension2[name])) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Compares two message fields recursively.
+ * @param {*} field1 The first field.
+ * @param {*} field2 The second field.
+ * @return {boolean} true if the fields are null/undefined, or otherwise equal.
+ */
+jspb.Message.compareFields = function(field1, field2) {
+  // If the fields are trivially equal, they're equal.
+  if (field1 == field2) return true;
+
+  if (!goog.isObject(field1) || !goog.isObject(field2)) {
+    // NaN != NaN so we cover this case.
+    if ((typeof field1 === 'number' && isNaN(field1)) ||
+        (typeof field2 === 'number' && isNaN(field2))) {
+      // One of the fields might be a string 'NaN'.
+      return String(field1) == String(field2);
+    }
+    // If the fields aren't trivially equal and one of them isn't an object,
+    // they can't possibly be equal.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // We have two objects. If they're different types, they're not equal.
+  field1 = /** @type {!Object} */(field1);
+  field2 = /** @type {!Object} */(field2);
+  if (field1.constructor != field2.constructor) return false;
+
+  // If both are Uint8Arrays, compare them element-by-element.
+  if (jspb.Message.SUPPORTS_UINT8ARRAY_ && field1.constructor === Uint8Array) {
+    var bytes1 = /** @type {!Uint8Array} */(field1);
+    var bytes2 = /** @type {!Uint8Array} */(field2);
+    if (bytes1.length != bytes2.length) return false;
+    for (var i = 0; i < bytes1.length; i++) {
+      if (bytes1[i] != bytes2[i]) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // If they're both Arrays, compare them element by element except for the
+  // optional extension objects at the end, which we compare separately.
+  if (field1.constructor === Array) {
+    var typedField1 = /** @type {!Array<?>} */ (field1);
+    var typedField2 = /** @type {!Array<?>} */ (field2);
+    var extension1 = undefined;
+    var extension2 = undefined;
+
+    var length = Math.max(typedField1.length, typedField2.length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      var val1 = typedField1[i];
+      var val2 = typedField2[i];
+
+      if (val1 && (val1.constructor == Object)) {
+        goog.asserts.assert(extension1 === undefined);
+        goog.asserts.assert(i === typedField1.length - 1);
+        extension1 = val1;
+        val1 = undefined;
+      }
+
+      if (val2 && (val2.constructor == Object)) {
+        goog.asserts.assert(extension2 === undefined);
+        goog.asserts.assert(i === typedField2.length - 1);
+        extension2 = val2;
+        val2 = undefined;
+      }
+
+      if (!jspb.Message.compareFields(val1, val2)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (extension1 || extension2) {
+      extension1 = extension1 || {};
+      extension2 = extension2 || {};
+      return jspb.Message.compareExtensions(extension1, extension2);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // If they're both plain Objects (i.e. extensions), compare them as
+  // extensions.
+  if (field1.constructor === Object) {
+    return jspb.Message.compareExtensions(field1, field2);
+  }
+
+  throw new Error('Invalid type in JSPB array');
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Templated, type-safe cloneMessage definition.
+ * @return {THIS}
+ * @this {THIS}
+ * @template THIS
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.cloneMessage = function() {
+  return jspb.Message.cloneMessage(/** @type {!jspb.Message} */ (this));
+};
+
+/**
+ * Alias clone to cloneMessage. goog.object.unsafeClone uses clone to
+ * efficiently copy objects. Without this alias, copying jspb messages comes
+ * with a large performance penalty.
+ * @return {THIS}
+ * @this {THIS}
+ * @template THIS
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.clone = function() {
+  return jspb.Message.cloneMessage(/** @type {!jspb.Message} */ (this));
+};
+
+/**
+ * Static clone function. NOTE: A type-safe method called "cloneMessage"
+ * exists
+ * on each generated JsPb class. Do not call this function directly.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A message to clone.
+ * @return {!jspb.Message} A deep clone of the given message.
+ */
+jspb.Message.clone = function(msg) {
+  // Although we could include the wrappers, we leave them out here.
+  return jspb.Message.cloneMessage(msg);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A message to clone.
+ * @return {!jspb.Message} A deep clone of the given message.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.cloneMessage = function(msg) {
+  // Although we could include the wrappers, we leave them out here.
+  return new msg.constructor(jspb.Message.clone_(msg.toArray()));
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Takes 2 messages of the same type and copies the contents of the first
+ * message into the second. After this the 2 messages will equals in terms of
+ * value semantics but share no state. All data in the destination message will
+ * be overridden.
+ *
+ * @param {MESSAGE} fromMessage Message that will be copied into toMessage.
+ * @param {MESSAGE} toMessage Message which will receive a copy of fromMessage
+ *     as its contents.
+ * @template MESSAGE
+ */
+jspb.Message.copyInto = function(fromMessage, toMessage) {
+  goog.asserts.assertInstanceof(fromMessage, jspb.Message);
+  goog.asserts.assertInstanceof(toMessage, jspb.Message);
+  goog.asserts.assert(fromMessage.constructor == toMessage.constructor,
+      'Copy source and target message should have the same type.');
+  var copyOfFrom = jspb.Message.clone(fromMessage);
+
+  var to = toMessage.toArray();
+  var from = copyOfFrom.toArray();
+
+  // Empty destination in case it has more values at the end of the array.
+  to.length = 0;
+  // and then copy everything from the new to the existing message.
+  for (var i = 0; i < from.length; i++) {
+    to[i] = from[i];
+  }
+
+  // This is either null or empty for a fresh copy.
+  toMessage.wrappers_ = copyOfFrom.wrappers_;
+  // Just a reference into the shared array.
+  toMessage.extensionObject_ = copyOfFrom.extensionObject_;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper for cloning an internal JsPb object.
+ * @param {!Object} obj A JsPb object, eg, a field, to be cloned.
+ * @return {!Object} A clone of the input object.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.clone_ = function(obj) {
+  var o;
+  if (goog.isArray(obj)) {
+    // Allocate array of correct size.
+    var clonedArray = new Array(obj.length);
+    // Use array iteration where possible because it is faster than for-in.
+    for (var i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {
+      o = obj[i];
+      if (o != null) {
+        // NOTE:redundant null check existing for NTI compatibility.
+        // see b/70515949
+        clonedArray[i] = (typeof o == 'object') ?
+            jspb.Message.clone_(goog.asserts.assert(o)) :
+            o;
+      }
+    }
+    return clonedArray;
+  }
+  if (jspb.Message.SUPPORTS_UINT8ARRAY_ && obj instanceof Uint8Array) {
+    return new Uint8Array(obj);
+  }
+  var clone = {};
+  for (var key in obj) {
+    o = obj[key];
+    if (o != null) {
+      // NOTE:redundant null check existing for NTI compatibility.
+      // see b/70515949
+      clone[key] = (typeof o == 'object') ?
+          jspb.Message.clone_(goog.asserts.assert(o)) :
+          o;
+    }
+  }
+  return clone;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Registers a JsPb message type id with its constructor.
+ * @param {string} id The id for this type of message.
+ * @param {Function} constructor The message constructor.
+ */
+jspb.Message.registerMessageType = function(id, constructor) {
+  // This is needed so we can later access messageId directly on the contructor,
+  // otherwise it is not available due to 'property collapsing' by the compiler.
+  /**
+   * @suppress {strictMissingProperties} messageId is not defined on Function
+   */
+  constructor.messageId = id;
+};
+/**
+ * The extensions registered on MessageSet. This is a map of extension
+ * field number to field info object. This should be considered as a
+ * private API.
+ *
+ * This is similar to [jspb class name].extensions object for
+ * non-MessageSet. We special case MessageSet so that we do not need
+ * to goog.require MessageSet from classes that extends MessageSet.
+ *
+ * @type {!Object<number, jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo>}
+ */
+jspb.Message.messageSetExtensions = {};
+
+/**
+ * @type {!Object<number, jspb.ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo>}
+ */
+jspb.Message.messageSetExtensionsBinary = {};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/message_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/message_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e038f65c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/message_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1078 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Test suite is written using Jasmine -- see http://jasmine.github.io/
+
+goog.setTestOnly();
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.PropertyReplacer');
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('goog.userAgent');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: google-protobuf jspb
+goog.require('jspb.Message');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test15_pb proto.jspb.filenametest.package1
+goog.require('proto.jspb.filenametest.package1.b');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test14_pb proto.jspb.filenametest.package2
+goog.require('proto.jspb.filenametest.package2.TestMessage');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test13_pb proto.jspb.filenametest.package1
+goog.require('proto.jspb.filenametest.package1.a');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.filenametest.package1.TestMessage');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test12_pb proto.jspb.circulartest
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.ExtensionContainingType1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.ExtensionContainingType2');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.ExtensionField1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.ExtensionField2');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.ExtensionField3');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.MapField1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.MapField2');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.MessageField1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.MessageField2');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.NestedEnum1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.NestedEnum2');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.NestedMessage1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.NestedMessage2');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.RepeatedMessageField1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.circulartest.RepeatedMessageField2');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test11_pb proto.jspb.exttest.reverse
+goog.require('proto.jspb.exttest.reverse.TestExtensionReverseOrderMessage1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.exttest.reverse.TestExtensionReverseOrderMessage2');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.exttest.reverse.c');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test8_pb proto.jspb.exttest.nested
+goog.require('proto.jspb.exttest.nested.TestNestedExtensionsMessage');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.exttest.nested.TestOuterMessage');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test5_pb proto.jspb.exttest.beta
+goog.require('proto.jspb.exttest.beta.floatingStrField');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test3_pb proto.jspb.exttest
+goog.require('proto.jspb.exttest.floatingMsgField');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test4_pb proto.jspb.exttest
+goog.require('proto.jspb.exttest.floatingMsgFieldTwo');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.BooleanFields');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Complex');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Empty');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.EnumContainer');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.floatingMsgField');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.FloatingPointFields');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.floatingStrField');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.IsExtension');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.OptionalFields');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.OuterEnum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.OuterMessage.Complex');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Simple1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Simple2');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.SpecialCases');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestClone');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestCloneExtension');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestEndsWithBytes');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestGroup');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestGroup1');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestLastFieldBeforePivot');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNames');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNamesExtension');
+
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: test2_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ExtensionMessage');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestExtensionsMessage');
+
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestAllowAliasEnum');
+
+describe('Message test suite', function() {
+  var stubs = new goog.testing.PropertyReplacer();
+
+  beforeEach(function() {
+    stubs.set(jspb.Message, 'SERIALIZE_EMPTY_TRAILING_FIELDS', false);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(function() {
+    stubs.reset();
+  });
+
+  it('testEmptyProto', function() {
+    var empty1 = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([]);
+    var empty2 = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([]);
+    assertObjectEquals({}, empty1.toObject());
+    assertObjectEquals('Message should not be corrupted:', empty2, empty1);
+  });
+
+  it('testTopLevelEnum', function() {
+    var response = new proto.jspb.test.EnumContainer([]);
+    response.setOuterEnum(proto.jspb.test.OuterEnum.FOO);
+    assertEquals(proto.jspb.test.OuterEnum.FOO, response.getOuterEnum());
+  });
+
+  it('testByteStrings', function() {
+    var data = new proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues([]);
+    data.setBytesField('some_bytes');
+    assertEquals('some_bytes', data.getBytesField());
+  });
+
+  it('testComplexConversion', function() {
+    var data1 = ['a', , , [, 11], [[, 22], [, 33]], , ['s1', 's2'], , 1];
+    var data2 = ['a', , , [, 11], [[, 22], [, 33]], , ['s1', 's2'], , 1];
+    var foo = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data1);
+    var bar = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data2);
+    var result = foo.toObject();
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        {
+          aString: 'a',
+          anOutOfOrderBool: true,
+          aNestedMessage: {anInt: 11},
+          aRepeatedMessageList: [{anInt: 22}, {anInt: 33}],
+          aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'],
+          aFloatingPointField: undefined,
+        },
+        result);
+
+    // Now test with the jspb instances included.
+    result = foo.toObject(true /* opt_includeInstance */);
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        {
+          aString: 'a',
+          anOutOfOrderBool: true,
+          aNestedMessage:
+              {anInt: 11, $jspbMessageInstance: foo.getANestedMessage()},
+          aRepeatedMessageList: [
+            {anInt: 22, $jspbMessageInstance: foo.getARepeatedMessageList()[0]},
+            {anInt: 33, $jspbMessageInstance: foo.getARepeatedMessageList()[1]}
+          ],
+          aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'],
+          aFloatingPointField: undefined,
+          $jspbMessageInstance: foo
+        },
+        result);
+
+  });
+
+  it('testMissingFields', function() {
+    var foo = new proto.jspb.test.Complex([
+      undefined, undefined, undefined, [], undefined, undefined, undefined,
+      undefined
+    ]);
+    var bar = new proto.jspb.test.Complex([
+      undefined, undefined, undefined, [], undefined, undefined, undefined,
+      undefined
+    ]);
+    var result = foo.toObject();
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        {
+          aString: undefined,
+          anOutOfOrderBool: undefined,
+          aNestedMessage: {anInt: undefined},
+          // Note: JsPb converts undefined repeated fields to empty arrays.
+          aRepeatedMessageList: [],
+          aRepeatedStringList: [],
+          aFloatingPointField: undefined,
+        },
+        result);
+
+  });
+
+  it('testNestedComplexMessage', function() {
+    // Instantiate the message and set a unique field, just to ensure that we
+    // are not getting jspb.test.Complex instead.
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.OuterMessage.Complex();
+    msg.setInnerComplexField(5);
+  });
+
+  it('testSpecialCases', function() {
+    // Note: Some property names are reserved in JavaScript.
+    // These names are converted to the Js property named pb_<reserved_name>.
+    var special = new proto.jspb.test.SpecialCases(
+        ['normal', 'default', 'function', 'var']);
+    var result = special.toObject();
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        {
+          normal: 'normal',
+          pb_default: 'default',
+          pb_function: 'function',
+          pb_var: 'var'
+        },
+        result);
+  });
+
+  it('testDefaultValues', function() {
+    var defaultString = 'default<>\'"abc';
+    var response = new proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues();
+
+    // Test toObject
+    var expectedObject = {
+      stringField: defaultString,
+      boolField: true,
+      intField: 11,
+      enumField: 13,
+      emptyField: '',
+      bytesField: 'bW9v'
+    };
+    assertObjectEquals(expectedObject, response.toObject());
+
+
+    // Test getters
+    response = new proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues();
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertEquals('', response.getEmptyField());
+    assertEquals('bW9v', response.getBytesField());
+
+    function makeDefault(values) {
+      return new proto.jspb.test.DefaultValues(values);
+    }
+
+    // Test with undefined values,
+    // Use push to workaround IE treating undefined array elements as holes.
+    response = makeDefault([undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined]);
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasStringField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasIntField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasEnumField());
+
+    // Test with null values, as would be returned by a JSON serializer.
+    response = makeDefault([null, null, null, null]);
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasStringField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasIntField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasEnumField());
+
+    // Test with false-like values.
+    response = makeDefault(['', false, 0, 0]);
+    assertEquals('', response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(false, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getIntField() == 0);
+    assertEquals(true, response.getEnumField() == 0);
+    assertTrue(response.hasStringField());
+    assertTrue(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertTrue(response.hasIntField());
+    assertTrue(response.hasEnumField());
+
+    // Test that clearing the values reverts them to the default state.
+    response = makeDefault(['blah', false, 111, 77]);
+    response.clearStringField();
+    response.clearBoolField();
+    response.clearIntField();
+    response.clearEnumField();
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasStringField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasIntField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasEnumField());
+
+    // Test that setFoo(null) clears the values.
+    response = makeDefault(['blah', false, 111, 77]);
+    response.setStringField(null);
+    response.setBoolField(null);
+    response.setIntField(undefined);
+    response.setEnumField(undefined);
+    assertEquals(defaultString, response.getStringField());
+    assertEquals(true, response.getBoolField());
+    assertEquals(11, response.getIntField());
+    assertEquals(13, response.getEnumField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasStringField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasBoolField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasIntField());
+    assertFalse(response.hasEnumField());
+  });
+
+  it('testEqualsSimple', function() {
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi']);
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(s1, new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi'])));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(s1, new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['bye'])));
+    var s1b = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', ['hello']]);
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        s1b, new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', ['hello']])));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(s1b, new proto.jspb.test.Simple1([
+      'hi', ['hello', undefined, undefined, undefined]
+    ])));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(
+        s1b, new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['no', ['hello']])));
+    // Test with messages of different types
+    var s2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple2(['hi']);
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(s1, s2));
+  });
+
+  it('testEquals_softComparison', function() {
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', [], null]);
+    assertTrue(
+        jspb.Message.equals(s1, new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', []])));
+
+    var s1b = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', [], true]);
+    assertTrue(
+        jspb.Message.equals(s1b, new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['hi', [], 1])));
+  });
+
+  it('testEqualsComplex', function() {
+    var data1 = ['a', , , [, 11], [[, 22], [, 33]], , ['s1', 's2'], , 1];
+    var data2 = ['a', , , [, 11], [[, 22], [, 34]], , ['s1', 's2'], , 1];
+    var data3 = ['a', , , [, 11], [[, 22]], , ['s1', 's2'], , 1];
+    var data4 = ['hi'];
+    var c1a = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data1);
+    var c1b = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data1);
+    var c2 = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data2);
+    var c3 = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data3);
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(data4);
+
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(c1a, c1b));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(c1a, c2));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(c2, c3));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(c1a, s1));
+  });
+
+  it('testEqualsExtensionsConstructed', function() {
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{}])));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}])));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'b'}]}])));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{100: [{200: 'a'}]}])));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([, , , {100: [{200: 'a'}]}])));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([, , , {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([{100: [{200: 'a'}]}])));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', , , {100: [{200: 'a'}]}])));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', , , {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]),
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}])));
+  });
+
+  it('testEqualsExtensionsUnconstructed', function() {
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields([], [{}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields([, , , {}], []));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields([, , , {}], [, , {}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], ['hi', {100: [{200: 'b'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        [{100: [{200: 'a'}]}], [{100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        [{100: [{200: 'a'}]}], [, , , {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        [, , , {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], [{100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], ['hi', , , {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(
+        ['hi', , , {100: [{200: 'a'}]}], ['hi', {100: [{200: 'a'}]}]));
+  });
+
+  it('testInitializeMessageWithLastFieldNull', function() {
+    // This tests for regression to bug http://b/117298778
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestLastFieldBeforePivot([null]);
+    assertNotUndefined(msg.getLastFieldBeforePivot());
+  });
+
+  it('testEqualsNonFinite', function() {
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(NaN, NaN));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(NaN, 'NaN'));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields('NaN', NaN));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(Infinity, Infinity));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields(Infinity, 'Infinity'));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields('-Infinity', -Infinity));
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.compareFields([NaN], ['NaN']));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.compareFields(undefined, NaN));
+    assertFalse(jspb.Message.compareFields(NaN, undefined));
+  });
+
+  it('testToMap', function() {
+    var p1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['k', ['v']]);
+    var p2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['k1', ['v1', 'v2']]);
+    var soymap = jspb.Message.toMap(
+        [p1, p2], proto.jspb.test.Simple1.prototype.getAString,
+        proto.jspb.test.Simple1.prototype.toObject);
+    assertEquals('k', soymap['k'].aString);
+    assertArrayEquals(['v'], soymap['k'].aRepeatedStringList);
+    var protomap = jspb.Message.toMap(
+        [p1, p2], proto.jspb.test.Simple1.prototype.getAString);
+    assertEquals('k', protomap['k'].getAString());
+    assertArrayEquals(['v'], protomap['k'].getARepeatedStringList());
+  });
+
+  it('testClone', function() {
+    var supportsUint8Array =
+        !goog.userAgent.IE || goog.userAgent.isVersionOrHigher('10');
+    var original = new proto.jspb.test.TestClone();
+    original.setStr('v1');
+    var simple1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x1', ['y1', 'z1']]);
+    var simple2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x2', ['y2', 'z2']]);
+    var simple3 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x3', ['y3', 'z3']]);
+    original.setSimple1(simple1);
+    original.setSimple2List([simple2, simple3]);
+    var bytes1 = supportsUint8Array ? new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]) : '123';
+    original.setBytesField(bytes1);
+    var extension = new proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension();
+    extension.setExt('e1');
+    original.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extension);
+    var clone = original.clone();
+    assertArrayEquals(
+        [
+          'v1', , ['x1', ['y1', 'z1']], ,
+          [['x2', ['y2', 'z2']], ['x3', ['y3', 'z3']]], bytes1, ,
+          {100: [, 'e1']}
+        ],
+        clone.toArray());
+    clone.setStr('v2');
+    var simple4 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['a1', ['b1', 'c1']]);
+    var simple5 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['a2', ['b2', 'c2']]);
+    var simple6 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['a3', ['b3', 'c3']]);
+    clone.setSimple1(simple4);
+    clone.setSimple2List([simple5, simple6]);
+    if (supportsUint8Array) {
+      clone.getBytesField()[0] = 4;
+      assertObjectEquals(bytes1, original.getBytesField());
+    }
+    var bytes2 = supportsUint8Array ? new Uint8Array([4, 5, 6]) : '456';
+    clone.setBytesField(bytes2);
+    var newExtension = new proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension();
+    newExtension.setExt('e2');
+    clone.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField, newExtension);
+    assertArrayEquals(
+        [
+          'v2', , ['a1', ['b1', 'c1']], ,
+          [['a2', ['b2', 'c2']], ['a3', ['b3', 'c3']]], bytes2, ,
+          {100: [, 'e2']}
+        ],
+        clone.toArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(
+        [
+          'v1', , ['x1', ['y1', 'z1']], ,
+          [['x2', ['y2', 'z2']], ['x3', ['y3', 'z3']]], bytes1, ,
+          {100: [, 'e1']}
+        ],
+        original.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testCopyInto', function() {
+    var supportsUint8Array =
+        !goog.userAgent.IE || goog.userAgent.isVersionOrHigher('10');
+    var original = new proto.jspb.test.TestClone();
+    original.setStr('v1');
+    var dest = new proto.jspb.test.TestClone();
+    dest.setStr('override');
+    var simple1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x1', ['y1', 'z1']]);
+    var simple2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x2', ['y2', 'z2']]);
+    var simple3 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['x3', ['y3', 'z3']]);
+    var destSimple1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['ox1', ['oy1', 'oz1']]);
+    var destSimple2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['ox2', ['oy2', 'oz2']]);
+    var destSimple3 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['ox3', ['oy3', 'oz3']]);
+    original.setSimple1(simple1);
+    original.setSimple2List([simple2, simple3]);
+    dest.setSimple1(destSimple1);
+    dest.setSimple2List([destSimple2, destSimple3]);
+    var bytes1 = supportsUint8Array ? new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]) : '123';
+    var bytes2 = supportsUint8Array ? new Uint8Array([4, 5, 6]) : '456';
+    original.setBytesField(bytes1);
+    dest.setBytesField(bytes2);
+    var extension = new proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension();
+    extension.setExt('e1');
+    original.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField, extension);
+
+    jspb.Message.copyInto(original, dest);
+    assertArrayEquals(original.toArray(), dest.toArray());
+    assertEquals('x1', dest.getSimple1().getAString());
+    assertEquals(
+        'e1',
+        dest.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField).getExt());
+    dest.getSimple1().setAString('new value');
+    assertNotEquals(
+        dest.getSimple1().getAString(), original.getSimple1().getAString());
+    if (supportsUint8Array) {
+      dest.getBytesField()[0] = 7;
+      assertObjectEquals(bytes1, original.getBytesField());
+      assertObjectEquals(new Uint8Array([7, 2, 3]), dest.getBytesField());
+    } else {
+      dest.setBytesField('789');
+      assertObjectEquals(bytes1, original.getBytesField());
+      assertObjectEquals('789', dest.getBytesField());
+    }
+    dest.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField)
+        .setExt('new value');
+    assertNotEquals(
+        dest.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField).getExt(),
+        original.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension.extField)
+            .getExt());
+  });
+
+  it('testCopyInto_notSameType', function() {
+    var a = new proto.jspb.test.TestClone();
+    var b = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['str', ['s1', 's2']]);
+
+    var e = assertThrows(function() {
+      jspb.Message.copyInto(a, b);
+    });
+    assertContains('should have the same type', e.message);
+  });
+
+  it('testExtensions', function() {
+    var extension1 = new proto.jspb.test.IsExtension(['ext1field']);
+    var extension2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['str', ['s1', 's2']]);
+    var extendable = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['v1', 'v2', 'v3']);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extension1);
+    extendable.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple, extension2);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str, 'xyzzy');
+    extendable.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedStrList, ['a', 'b']);
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['foo', ['s1', 's2']]);
+    var s2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['bar', ['t1', 't2']]);
+    extendable.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedSimpleList, [s1, s2]);
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        extension1,
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField));
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        extension2,
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple));
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        'xyzzy',
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str));
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        ['a', 'b'],
+        extendable.getExtension(
+            proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedStrList));
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        [s1, s2],
+        extendable.getExtension(
+            proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedSimpleList));
+    // Not supported yet, but it should work...
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple, null);
+    assertNull(
+        extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple));
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str, null);
+    assertNull(extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str));
+
+
+    // Extension fields with jspb.ignore = true are ignored.
+    assertUndefined(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension['ignored']);
+    assertUndefined(proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions['ignoredFloating']);
+  });
+
+  it('testFloatingExtensions', function() {
+    // From an autogenerated container.
+    var extendable = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['v1', 'v2', 'v3']);
+    var extension = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['foo', ['s1', 's2']]);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.simple1, extension);
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        extension, extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.simple1));
+
+    // From _lib mode.
+    extension = new proto.jspb.test.ExtensionMessage(['s1']);
+    extendable = new proto.jspb.test.TestExtensionsMessage([16]);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.floatingMsgField, extension);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.floatingStrField, 's2');
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        extension, extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.floatingMsgField));
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        's2', extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.floatingStrField));
+    assertNotUndefined(proto.jspb.exttest.floatingMsgField);
+    assertNotUndefined(proto.jspb.exttest.floatingMsgFieldTwo);
+    assertNotUndefined(proto.jspb.exttest.beta.floatingStrField);
+  });
+
+  it('testNestedExtensions', function() {
+    var extendable =
+        new proto.jspb.exttest.nested.TestNestedExtensionsMessage();
+    var extension =
+        new proto.jspb.exttest.nested.TestOuterMessage.NestedExtensionMessage(
+            ['s1']);
+    extendable.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.exttest.nested.TestOuterMessage.innerExtension, extension);
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        extension,
+        extendable.getExtension(
+            proto.jspb.exttest.nested.TestOuterMessage.innerExtension));
+  });
+
+  it('testToObject_extendedObject', function() {
+    var extension1 = new proto.jspb.test.IsExtension(['ext1field']);
+    var extension2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['str', ['s1', 's2'], true]);
+    var extendable = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['v1', 'v2', 'v3']);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extension1);
+    extendable.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple, extension2);
+    extendable.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.str, 'xyzzy');
+    extendable.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedStrList, ['a', 'b']);
+    var s1 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['foo', ['s1', 's2'], true]);
+    var s2 = new proto.jspb.test.Simple1(['bar', ['t1', 't2'], false]);
+    extendable.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.repeatedSimpleList, [s1, s2]);
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        {
+          str1: 'v1',
+          str2: 'v2',
+          str3: 'v3',
+          extField: {ext1: 'ext1field'},
+          simple: {
+            aString: 'str',
+            aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'],
+            aBoolean: true
+          },
+          str: 'xyzzy',
+          repeatedStrList: ['a', 'b'],
+          repeatedSimpleList: [
+            {aString: 'foo', aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'], aBoolean: true},
+            {aString: 'bar', aRepeatedStringList: ['t1', 't2'], aBoolean: false}
+          ]
+        },
+        extendable.toObject());
+
+    // Now, with instances included.
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        {
+          str1: 'v1',
+          str2: 'v2',
+          str3: 'v3',
+          extField: {
+            ext1: 'ext1field',
+            $jspbMessageInstance:
+                extendable.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField)
+          },
+          simple: {
+            aString: 'str',
+            aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'],
+            aBoolean: true,
+            $jspbMessageInstance: extendable.getExtension(
+                proto.jspb.test.IndirectExtension.simple)
+          },
+          str: 'xyzzy',
+          repeatedStrList: ['a', 'b'],
+          repeatedSimpleList: [
+            {
+              aString: 'foo',
+              aRepeatedStringList: ['s1', 's2'],
+              aBoolean: true,
+              $jspbMessageInstance: s1
+            },
+            {
+              aString: 'bar',
+              aRepeatedStringList: ['t1', 't2'],
+              aBoolean: false,
+              $jspbMessageInstance: s2
+            }
+          ],
+          $jspbMessageInstance: extendable
+        },
+        extendable.toObject(true /* opt_includeInstance */));
+  });
+
+  it('testInitialization_emptyArray', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions([]);
+    assertArrayEquals([], msg.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitialization_justExtensionObject', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([{1: 'hi'}]);
+    // The extensionObject is not moved from its original location.
+    assertArrayEquals([{1: 'hi'}], msg.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitialization_incompleteList', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([1, {4: 'hi'}]);
+    // The extensionObject is not moved from its original location.
+    assertArrayEquals([1, {4: 'hi'}], msg.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitialization_forwardCompatible', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.Empty([1, 2, 3, {1: 'hi'}]);
+    assertArrayEquals([1, 2, 3, {1: 'hi'}], msg.toArray());
+  });
+
+  it('testExtendedMessageEnsureObject',
+     /** @suppress {visibility} */ function() {
+       var data =
+           new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['str1', {'a_key': 'an_object'}]);
+       assertEquals('an_object', data.extensionObject_['a_key']);
+     });
+
+  it('testToObject_hasExtensionField', function() {
+    var data =
+        new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['str1', {100: ['ext1'], 102: ''}]);
+    var obj = data.toObject();
+    assertEquals('str1', obj.str1);
+    assertEquals('ext1', obj.extField.ext1);
+    assertEquals('', obj.str);
+  });
+
+  it('testGetExtension', function() {
+    var data = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['str1', {100: ['ext1']}]);
+    assertEquals('str1', data.getStr1());
+    var extension = data.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField);
+    assertNotNull(extension);
+    assertEquals('ext1', extension.getExt1());
+  });
+
+  it('testSetExtension', function() {
+    var data = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions();
+    var extensionMessage = new proto.jspb.test.IsExtension(['is_extension']);
+    data.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extensionMessage);
+    var obj = data.toObject();
+    assertNotNull(data.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField));
+    assertEquals('is_extension', obj.extField.ext1);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Note that group is long deprecated, we only support it because JsPb has
+   * a goal of being able to generate JS classes for all proto descriptors.
+   */
+  it('testGroups', function() {
+    var group = new proto.jspb.test.TestGroup();
+    var someGroup = new proto.jspb.test.TestGroup.RepeatedGroup();
+    someGroup.setId('g1');
+    someGroup.setSomeBoolList([true, false]);
+    group.setRepeatedGroupList([someGroup]);
+    var groups = group.getRepeatedGroupList();
+    assertEquals('g1', groups[0].getId());
+    assertObjectEquals([true, false], groups[0].getSomeBoolList());
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        {id: 'g1', someBoolList: [true, false]}, groups[0].toObject());
+    assertObjectEquals(
+        {
+          repeatedGroupList: [{id: 'g1', someBoolList: [true, false]}],
+          requiredGroup: {id: undefined},
+          optionalGroup: undefined,
+          requiredSimple: {aRepeatedStringList: [], aString: undefined},
+          optionalSimple: undefined,
+          id: undefined
+        },
+        group.toObject());
+    var group1 = new proto.jspb.test.TestGroup1();
+    group1.setGroup(someGroup);
+    assertEquals(someGroup, group1.getGroup());
+  });
+
+  it('testNonExtensionFieldsAfterExtensionRange', function() {
+    var data = [{'1': 'a_string'}];
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.Complex(data);
+    assertArrayEquals([], message.getARepeatedStringList());
+  });
+
+  it('testReservedGetterNames', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNames();
+    message.setExtension$(11);
+    message.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNamesExtension.foo, 12);
+    assertEquals(11, message.getExtension$());
+    assertEquals(
+        12,
+        message.getExtension(proto.jspb.test.TestReservedNamesExtension.foo));
+    assertObjectEquals({extension: 11, foo: 12}, message.toObject());
+  });
+
+  it('testInitializeMessageWithUnsetOneof', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof([]);
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase
+            .PARTIAL_ONEOF_NOT_SET,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.RecursiveOneofCase
+            .RECURSIVE_ONEOF_NOT_SET,
+        message.getRecursiveOneofCase());
+  });
+
+  it('testUnsetsOneofCaseWhenFieldIsCleared', function() {
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof;
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase
+            .PARTIAL_ONEOF_NOT_SET,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+
+    message.setPone('hi');
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase.PONE,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+
+    message.clearPone();
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.test.TestMessageWithOneof.PartialOneofCase
+            .PARTIAL_ONEOF_NOT_SET,
+        message.getPartialOneofCase());
+  });
+
+  it('testFloatingPointFieldsSupportNan', function() {
+    var assertNan = function(x) {
+      assertTrue(
+          'Expected ' + x + ' (' + goog.typeOf(x) + ') to be NaN.',
+          typeof x === 'number' && isNaN(x));
+    };
+
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.FloatingPointFields([
+      'NaN', 'NaN', ['NaN', 'NaN'], 'NaN', 'NaN', 'NaN', ['NaN', 'NaN'], 'NaN'
+    ]);
+    assertNan(message.getOptionalFloatField());
+    assertNan(message.getRequiredFloatField());
+    assertNan(message.getRepeatedFloatFieldList()[0]);
+    assertNan(message.getRepeatedFloatFieldList()[1]);
+    assertNan(message.getDefaultFloatField());
+    assertNan(message.getOptionalDoubleField());
+    assertNan(message.getRequiredDoubleField());
+    assertNan(message.getRepeatedDoubleFieldList()[0]);
+    assertNan(message.getRepeatedDoubleFieldList()[1]);
+    assertNan(message.getDefaultDoubleField());
+  });
+
+  it('testFloatingPointsAreConvertedFromStringInput', function() {
+    var assertInf = function(x) {
+      assertTrue(
+          'Expected ' + x + ' (' + goog.typeOf(x) + ') to be Infinity.',
+          x === Infinity);
+    };
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.FloatingPointFields([
+      Infinity, 'Infinity', ['Infinity', Infinity], 'Infinity', 'Infinity',
+      'Infinity', ['Infinity', Infinity], 'Infinity'
+    ]);
+    assertInf(message.getOptionalFloatField());
+    assertInf(message.getRequiredFloatField());
+    assertInf(message.getRepeatedFloatFieldList()[0]);
+    assertInf(message.getRepeatedFloatFieldList()[1]);
+    assertInf(message.getDefaultFloatField());
+    assertInf(message.getOptionalDoubleField());
+    assertInf(message.getRequiredDoubleField());
+    assertInf(message.getRepeatedDoubleFieldList()[0]);
+    assertInf(message.getRepeatedDoubleFieldList()[1]);
+    assertInf(message.getDefaultDoubleField());
+  });
+
+  it('testBooleansAreConvertedFromNumberInput', function() {
+    var assertBooleanFieldTrue = function(x) {
+      assertTrue(
+          'Expected ' + x + ' (' + goog.typeOf(x) + ') to be True.',
+          x === true);
+    };
+    var message = new proto.jspb.test.BooleanFields([1, 1, [true, 1]]);
+    assertBooleanFieldTrue(message.getOptionalBooleanField());
+    assertBooleanFieldTrue(message.getRequiredBooleanField());
+    assertBooleanFieldTrue(message.getRepeatedBooleanFieldList()[0]);
+    assertBooleanFieldTrue(message.getRepeatedBooleanFieldList()[1]);
+    assertBooleanFieldTrue(message.getDefaultBooleanField());
+
+    var assertBooleanFieldFalse = function(x) {
+      assertTrue(
+          'Expected ' + x + ' (' + goog.typeOf(x) + ') to be False.',
+          x === false);
+    };
+    message = new proto.jspb.test.BooleanFields([0, 0, [0, 0]]);
+    assertBooleanFieldFalse(message.getOptionalBooleanField());
+    assertBooleanFieldFalse(message.getRequiredBooleanField());
+    assertBooleanFieldFalse(message.getRepeatedBooleanFieldList()[0]);
+    assertBooleanFieldFalse(message.getRepeatedBooleanFieldList()[1]);
+  });
+
+  it('testExtensionReverseOrder', function() {
+    var message2 =
+        new proto.jspb.exttest.reverse.TestExtensionReverseOrderMessage2;
+
+    message2.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.exttest.reverse.TestExtensionReverseOrderMessage1.a, 233);
+    message2.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.exttest.reverse.TestExtensionReverseOrderMessage1
+            .TestExtensionReverseOrderNestedMessage1.b,
+        2333);
+    message2.setExtension(proto.jspb.exttest.reverse.c, 23333);
+
+    assertEquals(
+        233,
+        message2.getExtension(
+            proto.jspb.exttest.reverse.TestExtensionReverseOrderMessage1.a));
+    assertEquals(
+        2333,
+        message2.getExtension(
+            proto.jspb.exttest.reverse.TestExtensionReverseOrderMessage1
+                .TestExtensionReverseOrderNestedMessage1.b));
+    assertEquals(23333, message2.getExtension(proto.jspb.exttest.reverse.c));
+  });
+
+  it('testCircularDepsBaseOnMessageField', function() {
+    var nestMessage1 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.MessageField1;
+    var nestMessage2 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.MessageField2;
+    var message1 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.MessageField1;
+    var message2 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.MessageField2;
+
+    nestMessage1.setA(1);
+    nestMessage2.setA(2);
+    message1.setB(nestMessage2);
+    message2.setB(nestMessage1);
+
+
+    assertEquals(2, message1.getB().getA());
+    assertEquals(1, message2.getB().getA());
+  });
+
+
+  it('testCircularDepsBaseOnRepeatedMessageField', function() {
+    var nestMessage1 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.RepeatedMessageField1;
+    var nestMessage2 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.RepeatedMessageField2;
+    var message1 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.RepeatedMessageField1;
+    var message2 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.RepeatedMessageField2;
+
+    nestMessage1.setA(1);
+    nestMessage2.setA(2);
+    message1.setB(nestMessage2);
+    message2.addB(nestMessage1);
+
+
+    assertEquals(2, message1.getB().getA());
+    assertEquals(1, message2.getBList()[0].getA());
+  });
+
+  it('testCircularDepsBaseOnMapField', function() {
+    var nestMessage1 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.MapField1;
+    var nestMessage2 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.MapField2;
+    var message1 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.MapField1;
+    var message2 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.MapField2;
+
+    nestMessage1.setA(1);
+    nestMessage2.setA(2);
+    message1.setB(nestMessage2);
+    message2.getBMap().set(1, nestMessage1);
+
+
+    assertEquals(2, message1.getB().getA());
+    assertEquals(1, message2.getBMap().get(1).getA());
+  });
+
+  it('testCircularDepsBaseOnNestedMessage', function() {
+    var nestMessage1 =
+        new proto.jspb.circulartest.NestedMessage1.NestedNestedMessage;
+    var nestMessage2 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.NestedMessage2;
+    var message1 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.NestedMessage1;
+    var message2 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.NestedMessage2;
+
+    nestMessage1.setA(1);
+    nestMessage2.setA(2);
+    message1.setB(nestMessage2);
+    message2.setB(nestMessage1);
+
+
+    assertEquals(2, message1.getB().getA());
+    assertEquals(1, message2.getB().getA());
+  });
+
+  it('testCircularDepsBaseOnNestedEnum', function() {
+    var nestMessage2 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.NestedEnum2;
+    var message1 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.NestedEnum1;
+    var message2 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.NestedEnum2;
+
+    nestMessage2.setA(2);
+    message1.setB(nestMessage2);
+    message2.setB(proto.jspb.circulartest.NestedEnum1.NestedNestedEnum.VALUE_1);
+
+
+    assertEquals(2, message1.getB().getA());
+    assertEquals(
+        proto.jspb.circulartest.NestedEnum1.NestedNestedEnum.VALUE_1,
+        message2.getB());
+  });
+
+  it('testCircularDepsBaseOnExtensionContainingType', function() {
+    var nestMessage2 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.ExtensionContainingType2;
+    var message1 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.ExtensionContainingType1;
+
+    nestMessage2.setA(2);
+    message1.setB(nestMessage2);
+    message1.setExtension(
+        proto.jspb.circulartest.ExtensionContainingType2.c, 1);
+
+
+    assertEquals(2, message1.getB().getA());
+    assertEquals(
+        1,
+        message1.getExtension(
+            proto.jspb.circulartest.ExtensionContainingType2.c));
+  });
+
+  it('testCircularDepsBaseOnExtensionField', function() {
+    var nestMessage2 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.ExtensionField2;
+    var message1 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.ExtensionField1;
+    var message3 = new proto.jspb.circulartest.ExtensionField3;
+
+    nestMessage2.setA(2);
+    message1.setB(nestMessage2);
+    message3.setExtension(proto.jspb.circulartest.ExtensionField2.c, message1);
+
+
+    assertEquals(
+        2,
+        message3.getExtension(proto.jspb.circulartest.ExtensionField2.c)
+            .getB()
+            .getA());
+  });
+
+  it('testSameMessageNameOuputs', function() {
+    var package1Message = new proto.jspb.filenametest.package1.TestMessage;
+    var package2Message = new proto.jspb.filenametest.package2.TestMessage;
+
+    package1Message.setExtension(proto.jspb.filenametest.package1.a, 10);
+    package1Message.setExtension(proto.jspb.filenametest.package1.b, 11);
+    package2Message.setA(12);
+
+    assertEquals(
+        10, package1Message.getExtension(proto.jspb.filenametest.package1.a));
+    assertEquals(
+        11, package1Message.getExtension(proto.jspb.filenametest.package1.b));
+    assertEquals(12, package2Message.getA());
+  });
+
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/node_loader.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/node_loader.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79211adda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/node_loader.js
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Loader that handles goog.require() for Node.JS.
+ */
+
+var oldLoader = goog.global.CLOSURE_IMPORT_SCRIPT;
+
+goog.global.CLOSURE_IMPORT_SCRIPT = function(src, opt_sourceText) {
+  if (opt_sourceText === undefined) {
+    try {
+      // Load from the current directory.
+      require("./" + src);
+      return true;
+    } catch (e) {
+      // Fall back to the Closure loader.
+    }
+  }
+
+  return oldLoader(src, opt_sourceText);
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/package.json b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14186bec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+  "name": "google-protobuf",
+  "version": "3.11.4",
+  "description": "Protocol Buffers for JavaScript",
+  "main": "google-protobuf.js",
+  "files": [
+    "google"
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "glob": "~7.1.4",
+    "google-closure-compiler": "~20190819.0.0",
+    "google-closure-library": "~20190819.0.0",
+    "gulp": "~4.0.2",
+    "jasmine": "~3.4.0"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "node ./node_modules/gulp/bin/gulp.js test"
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/tree/master/js"
+  },
+  "author": "Google Protocol Buffers Team",
+  "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/proto3_test.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/proto3_test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79acc3c26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/proto3_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+goog.require('goog.crypt.base64');
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: testbinary_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage');
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: proto3_test_pb proto.jspb.test
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestProto3');
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: google/protobuf/any_pb proto.google.protobuf
+goog.require('proto.google.protobuf.Any');
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: google/protobuf/timestamp_pb proto.google.protobuf
+goog.require('proto.google.protobuf.Timestamp');
+// CommonJS-LoadFromFile: google/protobuf/struct_pb proto.google.protobuf
+goog.require('proto.google.protobuf.Struct');
+
+
+var BYTES = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 8, 9]);
+var BYTES_B64 = goog.crypt.base64.encodeByteArray(BYTES);
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: compare a bytes field to an expected value
+ * @param {Uint8Array|string} arr
+ * @param {Uint8Array} expected
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+function bytesCompare(arr, expected) {
+  if (typeof arr === 'string') {
+    arr = goog.crypt.base64.decodeStringToUint8Array(arr);
+  }
+  if (arr.length != expected.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+    if (arr[i] != expected[i]) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+describe('proto3Test', function() {
+
+  /**
+   * Test default values don't affect equality test.
+   */
+  it('testEqualsProto3', function() {
+    var msg1 = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+    var msg2 = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+    msg2.setOptionalString('');
+
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(msg1, msg2));
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test setting when a field has default semantics.
+   */
+  it('testSetProto3ToValueAndBackToDefault', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+
+    // Setting should work normally.
+    msg.setOptionalString('optionalString');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalString(), 'optionalString');
+
+    // Clearing should work too ...
+    msg.setOptionalString('');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalString(), '');
+
+    // ... and shouldn't affect the equality with a brand new message.
+    assertTrue(jspb.Message.equals(msg, new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3()));
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Test defaults for proto3 message fields.
+   */
+  it('testProto3FieldDefaults', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalInt32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalInt64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalUint64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSint64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFixed32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFixed64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSfixed32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSfixed64(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFloat(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalDouble(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalString(), '');
+
+    // TODO(b/26173701): when we change bytes fields default getter to return
+    // Uint8Array, we'll want to switch this assertion to match the u8 case.
+    assertEquals(typeof msg.getOptionalBytes(), 'string');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8() instanceof Uint8Array, true);
+    assertEquals(typeof msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), 'string');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBytes().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), '');
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignEnum(),
+                 proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_FOO);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignMessage(), undefined);
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedInt32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedInt64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedUint32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedUint64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedSint32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedSint64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedFixed32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedFixed64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedSfixed32List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedSfixed64List().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedFloatList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedDoubleList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedStringList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedBytesList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignEnumList().length, 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignMessageList().length, 0);
+
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test that all fields can be set and read via a serialization roundtrip.
+   */
+  it('testProto3FieldSetGet', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+
+    msg.setOptionalInt32(-42);
+    msg.setOptionalInt64(-0x7fffffff00000000);
+    msg.setOptionalUint32(0x80000000);
+    msg.setOptionalUint64(0xf000000000000000);
+    msg.setOptionalSint32(-100);
+    msg.setOptionalSint64(-0x8000000000000000);
+    msg.setOptionalFixed32(1234);
+    msg.setOptionalFixed64(0x1234567800000000);
+    msg.setOptionalSfixed32(-1234);
+    msg.setOptionalSfixed64(-0x1234567800000000);
+    msg.setOptionalFloat(1.5);
+    msg.setOptionalDouble(-1.5);
+    msg.setOptionalBool(true);
+    msg.setOptionalString('hello world');
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+    var submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+    submsg.setC(16);
+    msg.setOptionalForeignMessage(submsg);
+    msg.setOptionalForeignEnum(proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR);
+
+    msg.setRepeatedInt32List([-42]);
+    msg.setRepeatedInt64List([-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedUint32List([0x80000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedUint64List([0xf000000000000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedSint32List([-100]);
+    msg.setRepeatedSint64List([-0x8000000000000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedFixed32List([1234]);
+    msg.setRepeatedFixed64List([0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedSfixed32List([-1234]);
+    msg.setRepeatedSfixed64List([-0x1234567800000000]);
+    msg.setRepeatedFloatList([1.5]);
+    msg.setRepeatedDoubleList([-1.5]);
+    msg.setRepeatedBoolList([true]);
+    msg.setRepeatedStringList(['hello world']);
+    msg.setRepeatedBytesList([BYTES]);
+    submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+    submsg.setC(1000);
+    msg.setRepeatedForeignMessageList([submsg]);
+    msg.setRepeatedForeignEnumList([proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR]);
+
+    msg.setOneofString('asdf');
+
+    var serialized = msg.serializeBinary();
+    msg = proto.jspb.test.TestProto3.deserializeBinary(serialized);
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalInt32(), -42);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalInt64(), -0x7fffffff00000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalUint32(), 0x80000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalUint64(), 0xf000000000000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSint32(), -100);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSint64(), -0x8000000000000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFixed32(), 1234);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFixed64(), 0x1234567800000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSfixed32(), -1234);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalSfixed64(), -0x1234567800000000);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalFloat(), 1.5);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalDouble(), -1.5);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalBool(), true);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalString(), 'hello world');
+    assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignMessage().getC(), 16);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOptionalForeignEnum(),
+        proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR);
+
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedInt32List(), [-42]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedInt64List(), [-0x7fffffff00000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedUint32List(), [0x80000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedUint64List(), [0xf000000000000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedSint32List(), [-100]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedSint64List(), [-0x8000000000000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedFixed32List(), [1234]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedFixed64List(), [0x1234567800000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedSfixed32List(), [-1234]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedSfixed64List(), [-0x1234567800000000]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedFloatList(), [1.5]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedDoubleList(), [-1.5]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedBoolList(), [true]);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedStringList(), ['hello world']);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedBytesList().length, 1);
+    assertEquals(true, bytesCompare(msg.getRepeatedBytesList()[0], BYTES));
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignMessageList().length, 1);
+    assertEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignMessageList()[0].getC(), 1000);
+    assertElementsEquals(msg.getRepeatedForeignEnumList(),
+        [proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR]);
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), 'asdf');
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test that oneofs continue to have a notion of field presence.
+   */
+  it('testOneofs', function() {
+    // Default instance.
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), '');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes(), '');
+
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofForeignMessage());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+
+    // Integer field.
+    msg.setOneofUint32(42);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 42);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), '');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes(), '');
+
+    assertTrue(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofForeignMessage());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+
+    // Sub-message field.
+    var submsg = new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage();
+    msg.setOneofForeignMessage(submsg);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), submsg);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), '');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes(), '');
+
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertTrue(msg.hasOneofForeignMessage());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+
+    // String field.
+    msg.setOneofString('hello');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), 'hello');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes(), '');
+
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofForeignMessage());
+    assertTrue(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+
+    // Bytes field.
+    msg.setOneofBytes(goog.crypt.base64.encodeString('\u00FF\u00FF'));
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofUint32(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofForeignMessage(), undefined);
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofString(), '');
+    assertEquals(msg.getOneofBytes_asB64(),
+        goog.crypt.base64.encodeString('\u00FF\u00FF'));
+
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofUint32());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofForeignMessage());
+    assertFalse(msg.hasOneofString());
+    assertTrue(msg.hasOneofBytes());
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test that "default"-valued primitive fields are not emitted on the wire.
+   */
+  it('testNoSerializeDefaults', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+
+    // Set each primitive to a non-default value, then back to its default, to
+    // ensure that the serialization is actually checking the value and not just
+    // whether it has ever been set.
+    msg.setOptionalInt32(42);
+    msg.setOptionalInt32(0);
+    msg.setOptionalDouble(3.14);
+    msg.setOptionalDouble(0.0);
+    msg.setOptionalBool(true);
+    msg.setOptionalBool(false);
+    msg.setOptionalString('hello world');
+    msg.setOptionalString('');
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(goog.crypt.base64.encodeString('\u00FF\u00FF'));
+    msg.setOptionalBytes('');
+    msg.setOptionalForeignMessage(new proto.jspb.test.ForeignMessage());
+    msg.setOptionalForeignMessage(null);
+    msg.setOptionalForeignEnum(proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR);
+    msg.setOptionalForeignEnum(proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_FOO);
+    msg.setOneofUint32(32);
+    msg.clearOneofUint32();
+
+
+    var serialized = msg.serializeBinary();
+    assertEquals(0, serialized.length);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Test that base64 string and Uint8Array are interchangeable in bytes fields.
+   */
+  it('testBytesFieldsInterop', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+    // Set as a base64 string and check all the getters work.
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES_B64);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    // Test binary serialize round trip doesn't break it.
+    msg = proto.jspb.test.TestProto3.deserializeBinary(msg.serializeBinary());
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+    msg = new proto.jspb.test.TestProto3();
+    // Set as a Uint8Array and check all the getters work.
+    msg.setOptionalBytes(BYTES);
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asU8(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes_asB64(), BYTES));
+    assertTrue(bytesCompare(msg.getOptionalBytes(), BYTES));
+
+  });
+
+
+  it('testTimestampWellKnownType', function() {
+    var msg = new proto.google.protobuf.Timestamp();
+    msg.fromDate(new Date(123456789));
+    assertEquals(123456, msg.getSeconds());
+    assertEquals(789000000, msg.getNanos());
+    var date = msg.toDate();
+    assertEquals(123456789, date.getTime());
+    var anotherMsg = proto.google.protobuf.Timestamp.fromDate(date);
+    assertEquals(msg.getSeconds(), anotherMsg.getSeconds());
+    assertEquals(msg.getNanos(), anotherMsg.getNanos());
+  });
+
+  it('testStructWellKnownType', function() {
+    var jsObj = {
+      abc: "def",
+      number: 12345.678,
+      nullKey: null,
+      boolKey: true,
+      listKey: [1, null, true, false, "abc"],
+      structKey: {foo: "bar", somenum: 123},
+      complicatedKey: [{xyz: {abc: [3, 4, null, false]}}, "zzz"]
+    };
+
+    var struct = proto.google.protobuf.Struct.fromJavaScript(jsObj);
+    var jsObj2 = struct.toJavaScript();
+
+    assertEquals("def", jsObj2.abc);
+    assertEquals(12345.678, jsObj2.number);
+    assertEquals(null, jsObj2.nullKey);
+    assertEquals(true, jsObj2.boolKey);
+    assertEquals("abc", jsObj2.listKey[4]);
+    assertEquals("bar", jsObj2.structKey.foo);
+    assertEquals(4, jsObj2.complicatedKey[0].xyz.abc[1]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/proto3_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/proto3_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f23e19c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/proto3_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+import "testbinary.proto";
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+message TestProto3 {
+  int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  sint32 optional_sint32 = 5;
+  sint64 optional_sint64 = 6;
+  fixed32 optional_fixed32 = 7;
+  fixed64 optional_fixed64 = 8;
+  sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 = 9;
+  sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  float optional_float = 11;
+  double optional_double = 12;
+  bool optional_bool = 13;
+  string optional_string = 14;
+  bytes optional_bytes = 15;
+
+  ForeignMessage optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  Proto3Enum optional_foreign_enum = 22;
+
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 31;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 32;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 33;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 34;
+  repeated sint32 repeated_sint32 = 35;
+  repeated sint64 repeated_sint64 = 36;
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 37;
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 41;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 42;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 43;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 44;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 45;
+
+  repeated ForeignMessage repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated Proto3Enum repeated_foreign_enum = 52;
+
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    ForeignMessage oneof_foreign_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+}
+
+enum Proto3Enum {
+  PROTO3_FOO = 0;
+  PROTO3_BAR = 1;
+  PROTO3_BAZ = 2;
+  MSG_PROTO3_BAH = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c0578a4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// LINT: LEGACY_NAMES
+// Author: mwr@google.com (Mark Rawling)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+message Empty {}
+
+enum OuterEnum {
+  FOO = 1;
+  BAR = 2;
+}
+
+message EnumContainer {
+  optional OuterEnum outer_enum = 1;
+}
+
+message Simple1 {
+  required string a_string = 1;
+  repeated string a_repeated_string = 2;
+  optional bool a_boolean = 3;
+}
+
+// A message that differs from Simple1 only by name
+message Simple2 {
+  required string a_string = 1;
+  repeated string a_repeated_string = 2;
+}
+
+message SpecialCases {
+  required string normal = 1;
+  // Examples of Js reserved names that are converted to pb_<name>.
+  required string default = 2;
+  required string function = 3;
+  required string var = 4;
+}
+
+message OptionalFields {
+  message Nested {
+    optional int32 an_int = 1;
+  }
+  optional string a_string = 1;
+  required bool a_bool = 2;
+  optional Nested a_nested_message = 3;
+  repeated Nested a_repeated_message = 4;
+  repeated string a_repeated_string = 5;
+}
+
+message HasExtensions {
+  optional string str1 = 1;
+  optional string str2 = 2;
+  optional string str3 = 3;
+  extensions 10 to max;
+}
+
+message Complex {
+  message Nested {
+    required int32 an_int = 2;
+  }
+  required string a_string = 1;
+  optional bool an_out_of_order_bool = 9;
+  optional Nested a_nested_message = 4;
+  repeated Nested a_repeated_message = 5;
+  repeated string a_repeated_string = 7;
+  optional double a_floating_point_field = 10;
+}
+
+message OuterMessage {
+  // Make sure this doesn't conflict with the other Complex message.
+  message Complex {
+    optional int32 inner_complex_field = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+message MineField {
+  // document.cookie is a banned property in a couple of conformance check
+  // configs at Google. Verify that having a field called cookie doesn't confuse
+  // the compiler and break the build.
+  optional string cookie = 1;
+}
+
+message IsExtension {
+  extend HasExtensions {
+    optional IsExtension ext_field = 100;
+  }
+  optional string ext1 = 1;
+
+  // Extensions of proto2 Descriptor messages will be ignored.
+  extend google.protobuf.EnumOptions {
+    optional string simple_option = 42113038;
+  }
+}
+
+message IndirectExtension {
+  extend HasExtensions {
+    optional Simple1 simple = 101;
+    optional string str = 102;
+    repeated string repeated_str = 103;
+    repeated Simple1 repeated_simple = 104;
+  }
+}
+
+extend HasExtensions {
+  optional Simple1 simple1 = 105;
+}
+
+message DefaultValues {
+  enum Enum {
+    E1 = 13;
+    E2 = 77;
+  }
+  optional string string_field = 1 [default = "default<>\'\"abc"];
+  optional bool bool_field = 2 [default = true];
+  optional int64 int_field = 3 [default = 11];
+  optional Enum enum_field = 4 [default = E1];
+  optional string empty_field = 6 [default = ""];
+  optional bytes bytes_field = 8
+      [default = "moo"];  // Base64 encoding is "bW9v"
+}
+
+message FloatingPointFields {
+  optional float optional_float_field = 1;
+  required float required_float_field = 2;
+  repeated float repeated_float_field = 3;
+  optional float default_float_field = 4 [default = 2.0];
+  optional double optional_double_field = 5;
+  required double required_double_field = 6;
+  repeated double repeated_double_field = 7;
+  optional double default_double_field = 8 [default = 2.0];
+}
+
+message BooleanFields {
+  optional bool optional_boolean_field = 1;
+  required bool required_boolean_field = 2;
+  repeated bool repeated_boolean_field = 3;
+  optional bool default_boolean_field = 4 [default = true];
+}
+
+message TestClone {
+  optional string str = 1;
+  optional Simple1 simple1 = 3;
+  repeated Simple1 simple2 = 5;
+  optional bytes bytes_field = 6;
+  optional string unused = 7;
+  extensions 10 to max;
+}
+
+message TestCloneExtension {
+  extend TestClone {
+    optional TestCloneExtension low_ext = 11;
+  }
+  optional int32 f = 1;
+}
+
+message CloneExtension {
+  extend TestClone {
+    optional CloneExtension ext_field = 100;
+  }
+  optional string ext = 2;
+}
+
+message TestGroup {
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 1 {
+    required string id = 1;
+    repeated bool some_bool = 2;
+  }
+  required group RequiredGroup = 2 {
+    required string id = 1;
+  }
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 3 {
+    required string id = 1;
+  }
+  optional string id = 4;
+  required Simple2 required_simple = 5;
+  optional Simple2 optional_simple = 6;
+}
+
+message TestGroup1 {
+  optional TestGroup.RepeatedGroup group = 1;
+}
+
+message TestReservedNames {
+  optional int32 extension = 1;
+  extensions 10 to max;
+}
+
+message TestReservedNamesExtension {
+  extend TestReservedNames {
+    optional int32 foo = 10;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestMessageWithOneof {
+
+  oneof partial_oneof {
+    string pone = 3;
+    string pthree = 5;
+  }
+
+  oneof recursive_oneof {
+    TestMessageWithOneof rone = 6;
+    string rtwo = 7;
+  }
+
+  optional bool normal_field = 8;
+  repeated string repeated_field = 9;
+
+  oneof default_oneof_a {
+    int32 aone = 10 [default = 1234];
+    int32 atwo = 11;
+  }
+
+  oneof default_oneof_b {
+    int32 bone = 12;
+    int32 btwo = 13 [default = 1234];
+  }
+}
+
+message TestEndsWithBytes {
+  optional int32 value = 1;
+  optional bytes data = 2;
+}
+
+// This message is for testing extension handling doesn't affect fields before
+// pivot. Don't add new field to this message. See b/117298778 for more detail.
+message TestLastFieldBeforePivot {
+  optional int32 last_field_before_pivot = 1;
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestLastFieldBeforePivot {
+  optional int32 extend_test_last_field_before_pivot_field = 101;
+}
+
+
+message Int64Types {
+  optional int64 int64_normal = 1 [jstype = JS_NORMAL];
+  optional sint64 int64_string = 2 [jstype = JS_STRING];
+  optional uint64 int64_number = 3 [jstype = JS_NUMBER];
+
+}
+
+message TestMapFieldsNoBinary {
+  map<string, string> map_string_string = 1;
+  map<string, int32> map_string_int32 = 2;
+  map<string, int64> map_string_int64 = 3;
+  map<string, bool> map_string_bool = 4;
+  map<string, double> map_string_double = 5;
+  map<string, MapValueEnumNoBinary> map_string_enum = 6;
+  map<string, MapValueMessageNoBinary> map_string_msg = 7;
+
+  map<int32, string> map_int32_string = 8;
+  map<int64, string> map_int64_string = 9;
+  map<bool, string> map_bool_string = 10;
+
+  optional TestMapFieldsNoBinary test_map_fields = 11;
+  map<string, TestMapFieldsNoBinary> map_string_testmapfields = 12;
+}
+
+enum MapValueEnumNoBinary {
+  MAP_VALUE_FOO_NOBINARY = 0;
+  MAP_VALUE_BAR_NOBINARY = 1;
+  MAP_VALUE_BAZ_NOBINARY = 2;
+}
+
+message MapValueMessageNoBinary {
+  optional int32 foo = 1;
+}
+
+message Deeply {
+  message Nested {
+    message Message {
+      optional int32 count = 1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+enum TestAllowAliasEnum {
+  option allow_alias = true;
+
+  TEST_ALLOW_ALIAS_DEFAULT = 0;
+  VALUE1 = 1;
+  value1 = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test10.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test10.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9fa5256c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test10.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package jspb.exttest.strict.ten;
+
+import "test9.proto";
+
+message Simple10 {
+    jspb.exttest.strict.nine.Simple9 a = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test11.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test11.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae65a46a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test11.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package jspb.exttest.reverse;
+
+message TestExtensionReverseOrderMessage1 {
+  extend TestExtensionReverseOrderMessage2 {
+    optional int32 a = 1;
+  }
+  message TestExtensionReverseOrderNestedMessage1 {
+    extend TestExtensionReverseOrderMessage2 {
+      optional int32 b = 2;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+extend TestExtensionReverseOrderMessage2 {
+  optional int32 c = 3;
+}
+
+message TestExtensionReverseOrderMessage2 {
+  extensions 1 to 100;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test12.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test12.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ece1d063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test12.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+
+package jspb.circulartest;
+
+message MessageField1 {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional MessageField2 b = 2;
+}
+
+message MessageField2 {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional MessageField1 b = 2;
+}
+
+
+message RepeatedMessageField1 {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional RepeatedMessageField2 b = 2;
+}
+
+message RepeatedMessageField2 {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  repeated RepeatedMessageField1 b = 2;
+}
+
+message MapField1 {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional MapField2 b = 2;
+}
+
+message MapField2 {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  map<int32, MapField1> b = 2;
+}
+
+message NestedMessage1 {
+  optional NestedMessage2 b = 2;
+  message NestedNestedMessage {
+    optional int32 a = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+message NestedMessage2 {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional NestedMessage1.NestedNestedMessage b = 2;
+}
+
+message NestedEnum1 {
+  optional NestedEnum2 b = 2;
+  enum NestedNestedEnum {
+    UNDEFINED = 0;
+    VALUE_1 = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+message NestedEnum2 {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional NestedEnum1.NestedNestedEnum b = 2;
+}
+
+message ExtensionContainingType1 {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional ExtensionContainingType2 b = 2;
+  extensions 99 to 100;
+}
+
+message ExtensionContainingType2 {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  extend ExtensionContainingType1 {
+    optional int32 c = 99;
+  }
+}
+
+message ExtensionField1 {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional ExtensionField2 b = 2;
+}
+
+message ExtensionField2 {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  extend ExtensionField3 {
+    optional ExtensionField1 c = 99;
+  }
+}
+
+message ExtensionField3 {
+  extensions 99 to 100;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test13.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test13.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9895d87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test13.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package jspb.filenametest.package1;
+
+message TestMessage {
+  extensions 1 to 100;
+}
+
+extend TestMessage {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  VALUE_0 = 0;
+  VALUE_1 = 1;
+}
+
+message TestLooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooongName1 {
+  optional TestLooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooongName2
+      a = 1;
+  optional int32 b = 2;
+}
+
+message TestLooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooongName2 {
+  optional TestLooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooongName3
+      a = 1;
+  optional int32 b = 2;
+}
+
+message TestLooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooongName3 {
+  optional TestLooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooongName4
+      a = 1;
+  optional int32 b = 2;
+}
+
+message TestLooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooongName4 {
+  optional TestLooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooongName1
+      a = 1;
+  optional int32 b = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test14.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test14.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2447eb140
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test14.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package jspb.filenametest.package2;
+
+message TestMessage {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  VALUE_0 = 0;
+  VALUE_1 = 1;
+  VALUE_2 = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test15.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test15.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b48111651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test15.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package jspb.filenametest.package1;
+
+import "test13.proto";
+
+extend TestMessage {
+  optional int32 b = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9457e7c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+import "test.proto";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+message TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional int32 intfield = 1;
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message ExtensionMessage {
+  extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+    optional ExtensionMessage ext_field = 100;
+  }
+  optional string ext1 = 1;
+}
+
+// Floating extensions are only supported when generating a _lib.js library.
+extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional ExtensionMessage floating_msg_field = 101;
+  optional string floating_str_field = 102;
+}
+
+message ForeignNestedFieldMessage {
+  optional Deeply.Nested.Message deeply_nested_message = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3fa037dfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package jspb.exttest;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+message TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional int32 intfield = 1;
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message ExtensionMessage {
+  extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+    optional ExtensionMessage ext_field = 100;
+  }
+  optional string ext1 = 1;
+}
+
+extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional ExtensionMessage floating_msg_field = 101;
+  optional string floating_str_field = 102;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test4.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test4.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3c834241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test4.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package jspb.exttest;
+
+import "test3.proto";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+extend TestExtensionsMessage {
+  optional ExtensionMessage floating_msg_field_two = 103;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test5.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test5.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db297213a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test5.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package jspb.exttest.beta;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+message TestBetaExtensionsMessage {
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestBetaExtensionsMessage {
+  optional string floating_str_field = 101;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test8.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test8.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7dbb6eff1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test8.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package jspb.exttest.nested;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.apps.jspb.proto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+message TestNestedExtensionsMessage {
+  optional int32 intfield = 1;
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message TestOuterMessage {
+  message NestedExtensionMessage {
+    optional string ext1 = 1;
+  }
+  extend TestNestedExtensionsMessage {
+    optional NestedExtensionMessage inner_extension = 100;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test9.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test9.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f6808528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test9.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package jspb.exttest.strict.nine;
+
+message Simple9 {
+  required string a_string = 1;
+  repeated string a_repeated_string = 2;
+  optional bool a_boolean = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test_bootstrap.js b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test_bootstrap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d00a1c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/test_bootstrap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Sets flags for uncompiled JSUnit tests.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Set uncompiled flags.
+ */
+var CLOSURE_DEFINES = {
+    // Enable the fromObject method on the message class.
+    'jspb.Message.GENERATE_FROM_OBJECT': true
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/testbinary.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/testbinary.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a14128564
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/testbinary.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// LINT: ALLOW_GROUPS
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+
+package jspb.test;
+
+// These types are borrowed from `unittest.proto` in the protobuf tree. We want
+// to ensure that the binary-format support will handle all field types
+// properly.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  optional int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  optional uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  optional uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  optional sint32 optional_sint32 = 5;
+  optional sint64 optional_sint64 = 6;
+  optional fixed32 optional_fixed32 = 7;
+  optional fixed64 optional_fixed64 = 8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 = 9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional float optional_float = 11;
+  optional double optional_double = 12;
+  optional bool optional_bool = 13;
+  optional string optional_string = 14;
+  optional bytes optional_bytes = 15;
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional ForeignMessage optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  optional ForeignEnum optional_foreign_enum = 22;
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 31;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 32;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 33;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 34;
+  repeated sint32 repeated_sint32 = 35;
+  repeated sint64 repeated_sint64 = 36;
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 37;
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 41;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 42;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 43;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 44;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated ForeignMessage repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated ForeignEnum repeated_foreign_enum = 52;
+
+  // Packed repeated
+  repeated int32 packed_repeated_int32 = 61 [packed = true];
+  repeated int64 packed_repeated_int64 = 62 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32 packed_repeated_uint32 = 63 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64 packed_repeated_uint64 = 64 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32 packed_repeated_sint32 = 65 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64 packed_repeated_sint64 = 66 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed32 packed_repeated_fixed32 = 67 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed64 packed_repeated_fixed64 = 68 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_repeated_sfixed32 = 69 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_repeated_sfixed64 = 70 [packed = true];
+  repeated float packed_repeated_float = 71 [packed = true];
+  repeated double packed_repeated_double = 72 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool packed_repeated_bool = 73 [packed = true];
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    ForeignMessage oneof_foreign_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+
+}
+
+message ForeignMessage {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+message TestExtendable {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message ExtendsWithMessage {
+  extend TestExtendable {
+    optional ExtendsWithMessage optional_extension = 19;
+    repeated ExtendsWithMessage repeated_extension = 49;
+  }
+  optional int32 foo = 1;
+}
+
+extend TestExtendable {
+  optional int32 extend_optional_int32 = 1;
+  optional int64 extend_optional_int64 = 2;
+  optional uint32 extend_optional_uint32 = 3;
+  optional uint64 extend_optional_uint64 = 4;
+  optional sint32 extend_optional_sint32 = 5;
+  optional sint64 extend_optional_sint64 = 6;
+  optional fixed32 extend_optional_fixed32 = 7;
+  optional fixed64 extend_optional_fixed64 = 8;
+  optional sfixed32 extend_optional_sfixed32 = 9;
+  optional sfixed64 extend_optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional float extend_optional_float = 11;
+  optional double extend_optional_double = 12;
+  optional bool extend_optional_bool = 13;
+  optional string extend_optional_string = 14;
+  optional bytes extend_optional_bytes = 15;
+  optional ForeignEnum extend_optional_foreign_enum = 22;
+
+  repeated int32 extend_repeated_int32 = 31;
+  repeated int64 extend_repeated_int64 = 32;
+  repeated uint32 extend_repeated_uint32 = 33;
+  repeated uint64 extend_repeated_uint64 = 34;
+  repeated sint32 extend_repeated_sint32 = 35;
+  repeated sint64 extend_repeated_sint64 = 36;
+  repeated fixed32 extend_repeated_fixed32 = 37;
+  repeated fixed64 extend_repeated_fixed64 = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 extend_repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 extend_repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated float extend_repeated_float = 41;
+  repeated double extend_repeated_double = 42;
+  repeated bool extend_repeated_bool = 43;
+  repeated string extend_repeated_string = 44;
+  repeated bytes extend_repeated_bytes = 45;
+  repeated ForeignEnum extend_repeated_foreign_enum = 52;
+
+  repeated int32 extend_packed_repeated_int32 = 61 [packed = true];
+  repeated int64 extend_packed_repeated_int64 = 62 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32 extend_packed_repeated_uint32 = 63 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64 extend_packed_repeated_uint64 = 64 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32 extend_packed_repeated_sint32 = 65 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64 extend_packed_repeated_sint64 = 66 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed32 extend_packed_repeated_fixed32 = 67 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed64 extend_packed_repeated_fixed64 = 68 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 extend_packed_repeated_sfixed32 = 69 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 extend_packed_repeated_sfixed64 = 70 [packed = true];
+  repeated float extend_packed_repeated_float = 71 [packed = true];
+  repeated double extend_packed_repeated_double = 72 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool extend_packed_repeated_bool = 73 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum extend_packed_repeated_foreign_enum = 82 [packed = true];
+
+}
+
+message TestMapFields {
+  map<string, string> map_string_string = 1;
+  map<string, int32> map_string_int32 = 2;
+  map<string, int64> map_string_int64 = 3;
+  map<string, bool> map_string_bool = 4;
+  map<string, double> map_string_double = 5;
+  map<string, MapValueEnum> map_string_enum = 6;
+  map<string, MapValueMessage> map_string_msg = 7;
+
+  map<int32, string> map_int32_string = 8;
+  map<int64, string> map_int64_string = 9;
+  map<bool, string> map_bool_string = 10;
+
+  optional TestMapFields test_map_fields = 11;
+  map<string, TestMapFields> map_string_testmapfields = 12;
+}
+
+// These proto are 'mock map' entries to test the above map deserializing with
+// undefined keys. Make sure TestMapFieldsOptionalKeys is written to be
+// deserialized by TestMapFields
+message MapEntryOptionalKeysStringKey {
+  optional string key = 1;
+  optional string value = 2;
+}
+
+message MapEntryOptionalKeysInt32Key {
+  optional int32 key = 1;
+  optional string value = 2;
+}
+
+message MapEntryOptionalKeysInt64Key {
+  optional int64 key = 1;
+  optional string value = 2;
+}
+
+message MapEntryOptionalKeysBoolKey {
+  optional bool key = 1;
+  optional string value = 2;
+}
+
+message TestMapFieldsOptionalKeys {
+  optional MapEntryOptionalKeysStringKey map_string_string = 1;
+  optional MapEntryOptionalKeysInt32Key map_int32_string = 8;
+  optional MapEntryOptionalKeysInt64Key map_int64_string = 9;
+  optional MapEntryOptionalKeysBoolKey map_bool_string = 10;
+}
+
+// End mock-map entries
+
+// These proto are 'mock map' entries to test the above map deserializing with
+// undefined values. Make sure TestMapFieldsOptionalValues is written to be
+// deserialized by TestMapFields
+message MapEntryOptionalValuesStringValue {
+  optional string key = 1;
+  optional string value = 2;
+}
+
+message MapEntryOptionalValuesInt32Value {
+  optional string key = 1;
+  optional int32 value = 2;
+}
+
+message MapEntryOptionalValuesInt64Value {
+  optional string key = 1;
+  optional int64 value = 2;
+}
+
+message MapEntryOptionalValuesBoolValue {
+  optional string key = 1;
+  optional bool value = 2;
+}
+
+message MapEntryOptionalValuesDoubleValue {
+  optional string key = 1;
+  optional double value = 2;
+}
+
+message MapEntryOptionalValuesEnumValue {
+  optional string key = 1;
+  optional MapValueEnum value = 2;
+}
+
+message MapEntryOptionalValuesMessageValue {
+  optional string key = 1;
+  optional MapValueMessage value = 2;
+}
+
+message TestMapFieldsOptionalValues {
+  optional MapEntryOptionalValuesStringValue map_string_string = 1;
+  optional MapEntryOptionalValuesInt32Value map_string_int32 = 2;
+  optional MapEntryOptionalValuesInt64Value map_string_int64 = 3;
+  optional MapEntryOptionalValuesBoolValue map_string_bool = 4;
+  optional MapEntryOptionalValuesDoubleValue map_string_double = 5;
+  optional MapEntryOptionalValuesEnumValue map_string_enum = 6;
+  optional MapEntryOptionalValuesMessageValue map_string_msg = 7;
+}
+
+// End mock-map entries
+
+enum MapValueEnum {
+  MAP_VALUE_FOO = 0;
+  MAP_VALUE_BAR = 1;
+  MAP_VALUE_BAZ = 2;
+}
+
+message MapValueMessage {
+  optional int32 foo = 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/testempty.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/testempty.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6161753fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/js/testempty.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package javatests.com.google.apps.jspb;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0791c9253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+Kokoro Infrastructure
+----------------------
+
+The files in this directory serve as plumbing for running Protobuf
+tests under Kokoro, our internal CI.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/32-bit/Dockerfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/32-bit/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1278889f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/32-bit/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+# This Dockerfile specifies the recipe for creating an image for the tests
+# to run in.
+#
+# We install as many test dependencies here as we can, because these setup
+# steps can be cached.  They do *not* run every time we run the build.
+# The Docker image is only rebuilt when the Dockerfile (ie. this file)
+# changes.
+
+# Base Dockerfile for gRPC dev images
+FROM 32bit/debian:latest
+
+# Apt source for php
+RUN echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu trusty main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/various-php.list && \
+  apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys F4FCBB07
+
+# Install dependencies.  We start with the basic ones require to build protoc
+# and the C++ build
+RUN apt-get clean && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --force-yes \
+  autoconf \
+  autotools-dev \
+  build-essential \
+  bzip2 \
+  ccache \
+  curl \
+  gcc \
+  git \
+  libc6 \
+  libc6-dbg \
+  libc6-dev \
+  libgtest-dev \
+  libtool \
+  make \
+  parallel \
+  time \
+  wget \
+  unzip \
+  # -- For python --
+  python-setuptools \
+  python-pip \
+  python-dev \
+  # -- For C++ benchmarks --
+  cmake  \
+  # -- For PHP --
+  php5.5     \
+  php5.5-dev \
+  php5.5-xml \
+  php5.6     \
+  php5.6-dev \
+  php5.6-xml \
+  php7.0     \
+  php7.0-dev \
+  php7.0-xml \
+  phpunit    \
+  valgrind   \
+  libxml2-dev \
+  && apt-get clean
+
+##################
+# PHP dependencies.
+RUN wget http://am1.php.net/get/php-5.5.38.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror
+RUN mv mirror php-5.5.38.tar.bz2
+RUN tar -xvf php-5.5.38.tar.bz2
+RUN cd php-5.5.38 && ./configure --enable-maintainer-zts --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.5-zts && \
+    make && make install && make clean && cd ..
+RUN cd php-5.5.38 && make clean && ./configure --enable-bcmath --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.5 && \
+    make && make install && make clean && cd ..
+
+RUN wget http://am1.php.net/get/php-5.6.30.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror
+RUN mv mirror php-5.6.30.tar.bz2
+RUN tar -xvf php-5.6.30.tar.bz2
+RUN cd php-5.6.30 && ./configure --enable-maintainer-zts --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.6-zts && \
+    make && make install && cd ..
+RUN cd php-5.6.30 && make clean && ./configure --enable-bcmath --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.6 && \
+    make && make install && cd ..
+
+RUN wget http://am1.php.net/get/php-7.0.18.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror
+RUN mv mirror php-7.0.18.tar.bz2
+RUN tar -xvf php-7.0.18.tar.bz2
+RUN cd php-7.0.18 && ./configure --enable-maintainer-zts --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.0-zts && \
+    make && make install && cd ..
+RUN cd php-7.0.18 && make clean && ./configure --enable-bcmath --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.0 && \
+    make && make install && cd ..
+
+RUN wget http://am1.php.net/get/php-7.1.4.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror
+RUN mv mirror php-7.1.4.tar.bz2
+RUN tar -xvf php-7.1.4.tar.bz2
+RUN cd php-7.1.4 && ./configure --enable-maintainer-zts --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.1-zts && \
+    make && make install && cd ..
+RUN cd php-7.1.4 && make clean && ./configure --enable-bcmath --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.1 && \
+    make && make install && cd ..
+
+RUN php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
+RUN php composer-setup.php
+RUN mv composer.phar /usr/bin/composer
+RUN php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"
+RUN composer config -g -- disable-tls true
+RUN composer config -g -- secure-http false
+RUN cd /tmp && \
+  git clone https://github.com/google/protobuf.git && \
+  cd protobuf/php && \
+  git reset --hard 49b44bff2b6257a119f9c6a342d6151c736586b8 && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.5/bin/php /usr/bin/php && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.5/bin/php-config /usr/bin/php-config && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.5/bin/phpize /usr/bin/phpize && \
+  composer install && \
+  mv vendor /usr/local/vendor-5.5 && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.6/bin/php /usr/bin/php && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.6/bin/php-config /usr/bin/php-config && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.6/bin/phpize /usr/bin/phpize && \
+  composer install && \
+  mv vendor /usr/local/vendor-5.6 && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.0/bin/php /usr/bin/php && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.0/bin/php-config /usr/bin/php-config && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.0/bin/phpize /usr/bin/phpize && \
+  composer install && \
+  mv vendor /usr/local/vendor-7.0 && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.1/bin/php /usr/bin/php && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.1/bin/php-config /usr/bin/php-config && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.1/bin/phpize /usr/bin/phpize && \
+  composer install && \
+  mv vendor /usr/local/vendor-7.1
+
+##################
+# Python dependencies
+
+# These packages exist in apt-get, but their versions are too old, so we have
+# to get updates from pip.
+
+RUN pip install pip --upgrade
+RUN pip install virtualenv tox yattag
+
+##################
+# Prepare ccache
+
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/gcc
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/g++
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/cc
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/c++
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/clang
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/clang++
+
+# Define the default command.
+CMD ["bash"]
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/32-bit/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/32-bit/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8c0a41ea2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/32-bit/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request 32" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/php_32bit
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="php_all_32"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/32-bit/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/32-bit/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28b66c07c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/32-bit/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/32-bit/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/32-bit/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/32-bit/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28b66c07c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/32-bit/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/32-bit/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/64-bit/Dockerfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/64-bit/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a279e660
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/64-bit/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+# This Dockerfile specifies the recipe for creating an image for the tests
+# to run in.
+#
+# We install as many test dependencies here as we can, because these setup
+# steps can be cached.  They do *not* run every time we run the build.
+# The Docker image is only rebuilt when the Dockerfile (ie. this file)
+# changes.
+
+# Base Dockerfile for gRPC dev images
+FROM debian:latest
+
+# Apt source for old Python versions.
+RUN echo 'deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/fkrull/deadsnakes/ubuntu trusty main' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/deadsnakes.list && \
+  apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys DB82666C
+
+# Apt source for Oracle Java.
+RUN echo 'deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu trusty main' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webupd8team-java-trusty.list && \
+  apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys EEA14886 && \
+  echo "oracle-java7-installer shared/accepted-oracle-license-v1-1 select true" | debconf-set-selections
+
+# Apt source for Mono
+RUN echo "deb http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian wheezy main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-xamarin.list && \
+  echo "deb http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian wheezy-libjpeg62-compat main" | tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-xamarin.list && \
+  apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
+
+# Apt source for php
+RUN echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu trusty main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/various-php.list && \
+  apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys F4FCBB07
+
+# Install dotnet SDK based on https://www.microsoft.com/net/core#debian
+# (Ubuntu instructions need apt to support https)
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --force-yes curl libunwind8 gettext && \
+  curl -sSL -o dotnet.tar.gz https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=847105 &&  \
+  mkdir -p /opt/dotnet && tar zxf dotnet.tar.gz -C /opt/dotnet && \
+  ln -s /opt/dotnet/dotnet /usr/local/bin
+
+# Install dependencies.  We start with the basic ones require to build protoc
+# and the C++ build
+RUN apt-get clean && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --force-yes \
+  autoconf \
+  autotools-dev \
+  build-essential \
+  bzip2 \
+  ccache \
+  curl \
+  gcc \
+  git \
+  libc6 \
+  libc6-dbg \
+  libc6-dev \
+  libgtest-dev \
+  libtool \
+  make \
+  parallel \
+  time \
+  wget \
+  # -- For csharp --
+  mono-devel \
+  referenceassemblies-pcl \
+  nunit \
+  # -- For all Java builds -- \
+  maven \
+  # -- For java_jdk6 -- \
+  #   oops! not in jessie. too old? openjdk-6-jdk \
+  # -- For java_jdk7 -- \
+  openjdk-7-jdk \
+  # -- For java_oracle7 -- \
+  oracle-java7-installer \
+  # -- For python / python_cpp -- \
+  python-setuptools \
+  python-pip \
+  python-dev \
+  python2.6-dev \
+  python3.3-dev \
+  python3.4-dev \
+  # -- For Ruby --
+  ruby \
+  # -- For C++ benchmarks --
+  cmake \
+  # -- For PHP --
+  php5.6     \
+  php5.6-dev \
+  php5.6-xml \
+  php7.0     \
+  php7.0-dev \
+  php7.0-xml \
+  phpunit    \
+  valgrind   \
+  libxml2-dev \
+  && apt-get clean
+
+##################
+# C# dependencies
+
+RUN wget www.nuget.org/NuGet.exe -O /usr/local/bin/nuget.exe
+
+##################
+# Python dependencies
+
+# These packages exist in apt-get, but their versions are too old, so we have
+# to get updates from pip.
+
+RUN pip install pip --upgrade
+RUN pip install virtualenv tox yattag
+
+##################
+# Ruby dependencies
+
+# Install rvm
+RUN gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
+RUN \curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
+
+# Install Ruby 2.1, Ruby 2.2 and JRuby 1.7
+RUN /bin/bash -l -c "rvm install ruby-2.1"
+RUN /bin/bash -l -c "rvm install ruby-2.2"
+RUN /bin/bash -l -c "rvm install jruby-1.7"
+RUN /bin/bash -l -c "echo 'gem: --no-ri --no-rdoc' > ~/.gemrc"
+RUN /bin/bash -l -c "echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/rvm/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc"
+RUN /bin/bash -l -c "gem install bundler --no-ri --no-rdoc"
+
+##################
+# Java dependencies
+
+# This step requires compiling protoc. :(
+
+ENV MAVEN_REPO /var/maven_local_repository
+ENV MVN mvn --batch-mode
+
+RUN cd /tmp && \
+  git clone https://github.com/google/protobuf.git && \
+  cd protobuf && \
+  git reset --hard 129a6e2aca95dcfb6c3e717d7b9cca1f104fde39 && \
+  ./autogen.sh && \
+  ./configure && \
+  make -j4 && \
+  cd java && \
+  $MVN install dependency:go-offline -Dmaven.repo.local=$MAVEN_REPO && \
+  cd ../javanano && \
+  $MVN install dependency:go-offline -Dmaven.repo.local=$MAVEN_REPO
+
+##################
+# PHP dependencies.
+RUN wget http://am1.php.net/get/php-5.5.38.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror
+RUN mv mirror php-5.5.38.tar.bz2
+RUN tar -xvf php-5.5.38.tar.bz2
+RUN cd php-5.5.38 && ./configure --enable-maintainer-zts --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.5-zts && \
+    make && make install && cd ..
+RUN cd php-5.5.38 && make clean && ./configure --enable-bcmath --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.5 && \
+    make && make install && cd ..
+
+RUN wget http://am1.php.net/get/php-5.6.30.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror
+RUN mv mirror php-5.6.30.tar.bz2
+RUN tar -xvf php-5.6.30.tar.bz2
+RUN cd php-5.6.30 && ./configure --enable-maintainer-zts --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.6-zts && \
+    make && make install && cd ..
+RUN cd php-5.6.30 && make clean && ./configure --enable-bcmath --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.6 && \
+    make && make install && cd ..
+
+RUN wget http://am1.php.net/get/php-7.0.18.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror
+RUN mv mirror php-7.0.18.tar.bz2
+RUN tar -xvf php-7.0.18.tar.bz2
+RUN cd php-7.0.18 && ./configure --enable-maintainer-zts --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.0-zts && \
+    make && make install && cd ..
+RUN cd php-7.0.18 && make clean && ./configure --enable-bcmath --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.0 && \
+    make && make install && cd ..
+
+RUN wget http://am1.php.net/get/php-7.1.4.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror
+RUN mv mirror php-7.1.4.tar.bz2
+RUN tar -xvf php-7.1.4.tar.bz2
+RUN cd php-7.1.4 && ./configure --enable-maintainer-zts --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.1-zts && \
+    make && make install && cd ..
+RUN cd php-7.1.4 && make clean && ./configure --enable-bcmath --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.1 && \
+    make && make install && cd ..
+
+RUN php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
+RUN php composer-setup.php
+RUN mv composer.phar /usr/bin/composer
+RUN php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"
+RUN composer config -g -- disable-tls true
+RUN composer config -g -- secure-http false
+RUN cd /tmp && \
+  rm -rf protobuf && \
+  git clone https://github.com/google/protobuf.git && \
+  cd protobuf && \
+  git reset --hard 49b44bff2b6257a119f9c6a342d6151c736586b8 && \
+  cd php && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.5/bin/php /usr/bin/php && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.5/bin/php-config /usr/bin/php-config && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.5/bin/phpize /usr/bin/phpize && \
+  composer install && \
+  mv vendor /usr/local/vendor-5.5 && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.6/bin/php /usr/bin/php && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.6/bin/php-config /usr/bin/php-config && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-5.6/bin/phpize /usr/bin/phpize && \
+  composer install && \
+  mv vendor /usr/local/vendor-5.6 && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.0/bin/php /usr/bin/php && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.0/bin/php-config /usr/bin/php-config && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.0/bin/phpize /usr/bin/phpize && \
+  composer install && \
+  mv vendor /usr/local/vendor-7.0 && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.1/bin/php /usr/bin/php && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.1/bin/php-config /usr/bin/php-config && \
+  ln -sfn /usr/local/php-7.1/bin/phpize /usr/bin/phpize && \
+  composer install && \
+  mv vendor /usr/local/vendor-7.1
+
+##################
+# Go dependencies.
+RUN apt-get install -y  \
+  # -- For go -- \
+  golang
+
+##################
+# Javascript dependencies.
+RUN apt-get install -y \
+  # -- For javascript -- \
+  npm
+
+##################
+# Python 3.5 3.6 dependencies.
+RUN apt-get clean && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --force-yes \
+  python3.5-dev \
+  python3.6-dev \
+  && apt-get clean
+
+# On Debian/Ubuntu, nodejs binary is named 'nodejs' because the name 'node'
+# is taken by another legacy binary. We don't have that legacy binary and
+# npm expects the binary to be named 'node', so we just create a symbol
+# link here.
+RUN ln -s `which nodejs` /usr/bin/node
+
+##################
+# Prepare ccache
+
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/gcc
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/g++
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/cc
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/c++
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/clang
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/clang++
+
+# Define the default command.
+CMD ["bash"]
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/bazel/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/bazel/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b5991d773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/bazel/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+set -ex
+
+# Install the latest Bazel version available
+use_bazel.sh latest
+bazel version
+
+# Print bazel testlogs to stdout when tests failed.
+function print_test_logs {
+  # TODO(yannic): Only print logs of failing tests.
+  testlogs_dir=$(bazel info bazel-testlogs)
+  testlogs=$(find "${testlogs_dir}" -name "*.log")
+  for log in $testlogs; do
+    cat "${log}"
+  done
+}
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+git submodule update --init --recursive
+
+trap print_test_logs EXIT
+bazel test --copt=-Werror --host_copt=-Werror \
+  //:build_files_updated_unittest \
+  //:protobuf_test \
+  @com_google_protobuf//:cc_proto_blacklist_test
+trap - EXIT
+
+cd examples
+bazel build :all
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/bazel/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/bazel/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13cfef158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/bazel/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/bazel/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 15
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/bazel/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/bazel/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13cfef158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/bazel/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/bazel/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 15
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/benchmark/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/benchmark/build.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e563e7916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/benchmark/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# prepare php environments
+sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y --force-yes php5
+sudo ln -sf /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/gmp.h /usr/include/gmp.h
+mkdir php_temp
+cd php_temp
+curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
+sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
+git clone https://github.com/php/php-src
+cd php-src && git checkout PHP-7.2.13 && ./buildconf --force
+./configure \
+	--enable-bcmatch \
+	--with-gmp --with-openssl \
+	--with-zlib  \
+	--prefix=/usr/local/php-7.2 && \
+make -j8 && sudo make install && make clean
+wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-7.phar && \
+	chmod +x phpunit && \
+	sudo cp phpunit /usr/local/php-7.2/bin
+sudo apt-get install -y --force-yes valgrind
+cd ../..
+
+./tests.sh benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/benchmark/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/benchmark/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8cc8f96bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/benchmark/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/benchmark/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 240
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/benchmark/run.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/benchmark/run.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1b1032bd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/benchmark/run.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+oldpwd=`pwd`
+
+# tcmalloc
+if [ ! -f gperftools/.libs/libtcmalloc.so ]; then
+  git clone https://github.com/gperftools/gperftools.git
+  cd gperftools
+  ./autogen.sh
+  ./configure
+  make -j8
+  cd ..
+fi
+
+# download datasets for benchmark
+cd benchmarks
+./download_data.sh
+datasets=$(for file in $(find . -type f -name "dataset.*.pb" -not -path "./tmp/*"); do echo "$(pwd)/$file"; done | xargs)
+echo $datasets
+cd $oldpwd
+
+# build Python protobuf
+./autogen.sh
+./configure CXXFLAGS="-fPIC -O2"
+make -j8
+cd python
+python setup.py build --cpp_implementation
+pip install . --user
+
+
+# build and run Python benchmark
+cd ../benchmarks
+make python-pure-python-benchmark
+make python-cpp-reflection-benchmark
+make -j8 python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark
+echo "[" > tmp/python_result.json
+echo "benchmarking pure python..."
+./python-pure-python-benchmark --json --behavior_prefix="pure-python-benchmark" $datasets  >> tmp/python_result.json
+echo "," >> "tmp/python_result.json"
+echo "benchmarking python cpp reflection..."
+env LD_PRELOAD="$oldpwd/gperftools/.libs/libtcmalloc.so" LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$oldpwd/src/.libs" ./python-cpp-reflection-benchmark --json --behavior_prefix="cpp-reflection-benchmark" $datasets  >> tmp/python_result.json
+echo "," >> "tmp/python_result.json"
+echo "benchmarking python cpp generated code..."
+env LD_PRELOAD="$oldpwd/gperftools/.libs/libtcmalloc.so" LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$oldpwd/src/.libs" ./python-cpp-generated-code-benchmark --json --behavior_prefix="cpp-generated-code-benchmark" $datasets >> tmp/python_result.json
+echo "]" >> "tmp/python_result.json"
+cd $oldpwd
+
+# build CPP protobuf
+./configure
+make clean && make -j8
+
+# build Java protobuf
+cd java
+mvn package
+cd ..
+
+# build CPP benchmark
+cd benchmarks
+mv tmp/python_result.json . && make clean && make -j8 cpp-benchmark && mv python_result.json tmp
+echo "benchmarking cpp..."
+env LD_PRELOAD="$oldpwd/gperftools/.libs/libtcmalloc.so" ./cpp-benchmark --benchmark_min_time=5.0 --benchmark_out_format=json --benchmark_out="tmp/cpp_result.json" $datasets
+cd $oldpwd
+
+# build go protobuf
+export PATH="`pwd`/src:$PATH"
+export GOPATH="$HOME/gocode"
+mkdir -p "$GOPATH/src/github.com/google"
+rm -f "$GOPATH/src/github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf"
+ln -s "`pwd`" "$GOPATH/src/github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf"
+export PATH="$GOPATH/bin:$PATH"
+go get github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go
+
+# build go benchmark
+cd benchmarks
+make go-benchmark
+echo "benchmarking go..."
+./go-benchmark $datasets > tmp/go_result.txt
+
+# build java benchmark
+make java-benchmark
+echo "benchmarking java..."
+./java-benchmark -Cresults.file.options.file="tmp/java_result.json" $datasets
+
+make js-benchmark
+echo "benchmarking js..."
+./js-benchmark $datasets  --json_output=$(pwd)/tmp/node_result.json
+
+make -j8 generate_proto3_data
+proto3_datasets=$(for file in $datasets; do echo $(pwd)/tmp/proto3_data/${file#$(pwd)}; done | xargs)
+echo $proto3_datasets
+
+# build php benchmark
+make -j8 php-c-benchmark
+echo "benchmarking php_c..."
+./php-c-benchmark $proto3_datasets --json --behavior_prefix="php_c" > tmp/php_c_result.json
+
+# upload result to bq
+make python_add_init
+env LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$oldpwd/src/.libs" python -m util.result_uploader -php_c="../tmp/php_c_result.json"  \
+	-cpp="../tmp/cpp_result.json" -java="../tmp/java_result.json" -go="../tmp/go_result.txt" -python="../tmp/python_result.json" -node="../tmp/node_result.json"
+cd $oldpwd
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3dc5dbb82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Builds docker image and runs a command under it.
+# This is a generic script that is configured with the following variables:
+#
+# DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION - The organization on docker hub storing the
+# Dockerfile.
+# DOCKERFILE_DIR - Directory in which Dockerfile file is located.
+# DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT - Script to run under docker (relative to protobuf repo root)
+# OUTPUT_DIR - Directory that will be copied from inside docker after finishing.
+# $@ - Extra args to pass to docker run
+
+set -ex
+
+cd $(dirname $0)/../..
+git_root=$(pwd)
+cd -
+
+# Use image name based on Dockerfile sha1
+if [ -z "$DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION" ]
+then
+  DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=grpctesting/protobuf
+  DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=${DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION}_$(sha1sum $DOCKERFILE_DIR/Dockerfile | cut -f1 -d\ )
+else
+  # TODO(teboring): Remove this when all tests have been migrated to separate
+  # docker images.
+  DOCKERFILE_PREFIX=$(basename $DOCKERFILE_DIR)
+  DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=${DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION}/${DOCKERFILE_PREFIX}_$(sha1sum $DOCKERFILE_DIR/Dockerfile | cut -f1 -d\ )
+fi
+
+# Pull dockerimage from Dockerhub
+docker pull $DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME
+
+# Ensure existence of ccache directory
+CCACHE_DIR=/tmp/protobuf-ccache
+mkdir -p $CCACHE_DIR
+
+# Choose random name for docker container
+CONTAINER_NAME="build_and_run_docker_$(uuidgen)"
+
+echo $git_root
+
+# Run command inside docker
+docker run \
+  "$@" \
+  -e CCACHE_DIR=$CCACHE_DIR \
+  -e KOKORO_BUILD_NUMBER=$KOKORO_BUILD_NUMBER \
+  -e KOKORO_BUILD_ID=$KOKORO_BUILD_ID \
+  -e EXTERNAL_GIT_ROOT="/var/local/kokoro/protobuf" \
+  -e TEST_SET="$TEST_SET" \
+  -v "$git_root:/var/local/kokoro/protobuf:ro" \
+  -v $CCACHE_DIR:$CCACHE_DIR \
+  -w /var/local/git/protobuf \
+  --name=$CONTAINER_NAME \
+  $DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME \
+  bash -l "/var/local/kokoro/protobuf/$DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT" || FAILED="true"
+
+# remove the container, possibly killing it first
+docker rm -f $CONTAINER_NAME || true
+
+[ -z "$FAILED" ] || {
+  exit 1
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_distcheck/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_distcheck/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1343a8cc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_distcheck/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+set -ex  # exit immediately on error
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+./tests.sh cpp_distcheck
+
+# Run tests under release docker image.
+DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=protobuf/protoc_$(sha1sum protoc-artifacts/Dockerfile | cut -f1 -d " ")
+docker pull $DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME
+
+docker run -v $(pwd):/var/local/protobuf --rm $DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME \
+  bash -l /var/local/protobuf/tests.sh cpp || FAILED="true"
+
+if [ "$FAILED" = "true" ]; then
+  exit 1
+fi
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_distcheck/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_distcheck/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4289f6a71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_distcheck/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_distcheck/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_distcheck/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_distcheck/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4289f6a71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_distcheck/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_distcheck/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_tcmalloc/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_tcmalloc/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3c77b11e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_tcmalloc/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/cpp_tcmalloc
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="cpp_tcmalloc"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_tcmalloc/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_tcmalloc/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46312a9be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_tcmalloc/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_tcmalloc/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_tcmalloc/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_tcmalloc/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46312a9be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_tcmalloc/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/cpp_tcmalloc/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/csharp/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/csharp/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9a2eb4862
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/csharp/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/csharp
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="csharp"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/csharp/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/csharp/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d177670a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/csharp/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/csharp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/csharp/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/csharp/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d177670a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/csharp/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/csharp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dist_install/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dist_install/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..81a0516aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dist_install/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+set -ex  # exit immediately on error
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Run tests under release docker image.
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/64-bit
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="dist_install"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dist_install/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dist_install/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1e0b2013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dist_install/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/dist_install/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dist_install/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dist_install/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1e0b2013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dist_install/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/dist_install/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/push_testing_images.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/push_testing_images.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9a2983c82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/push_testing_images.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+git_root=$(pwd)
+cd kokoro/linux/dockerfile
+
+DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+
+for DOCKERFILE_DIR in test/* release/*
+do
+  # Generate image name based on Dockerfile checksum. That works well as long
+  # as can count on dockerfiles being written in a way that changing the logical
+  # contents of the docker image always changes the SHA (e.g. using "ADD file"
+  # cmd in the dockerfile in not ok as contents of the added file will not be
+  # reflected in the SHA).
+  DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=$(basename $DOCKERFILE_DIR)_$(sha1sum $DOCKERFILE_DIR/Dockerfile | cut -f1 -d\ )
+
+  echo $DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME
+  # skip the image if it already exists in the repo
+  curl --silent -f -lSL https://registry.hub.docker.com/v2/repositories/${DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION}/${DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME}/tags/latest > /dev/null \
+      && continue
+
+  docker build -t ${DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION}/${DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME} ${DOCKERFILE_DIR}
+
+  # "docker login" needs to be run in advance
+  docker push ${DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION}/${DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME}
+done
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/release/ruby_rake_compiler/Dockerfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/release/ruby_rake_compiler/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..866b28934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/release/ruby_rake_compiler/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+FROM grpctesting/rake-compiler-dock_53c22085d091183c528303791e7771359f699bcf
+
+RUN /bin/bash -l -c "gem update --system '2.7.9' && gem install bundler"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/cpp_tcmalloc/Dockerfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/cpp_tcmalloc/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ce9982ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/cpp_tcmalloc/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+FROM debian:jessie
+
+# Install dependencies.  We start with the basic ones require to build protoc
+# and the C++ build
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+  autoconf \
+  autotools-dev \
+  build-essential \
+  bzip2 \
+  ccache \
+  curl \
+  gcc \
+  git \
+  libc6 \
+  libc6-dbg \
+  libc6-dev \
+  libgtest-dev \
+  libtool \
+  make \
+  parallel \
+  time \
+  wget \
+  && apt-get clean
+
+# Install dependencies for TC malloc
+RUN apt-get install -y \
+  google-perftools \
+  libgoogle-perftools4 \
+  libgoogle-perftools-dev
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/csharp/Dockerfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/csharp/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2073057bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/csharp/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+FROM debian:stretch
+
+# Install dependencies.  We start with the basic ones require to build protoc
+# and the C++ build
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+  autoconf \
+  autotools-dev \
+  build-essential \
+  bzip2 \
+  ccache \
+  curl \
+  gcc \
+  git \
+  libc6 \
+  libc6-dbg \
+  libc6-dev \
+  libgtest-dev \
+  libtool \
+  make \
+  parallel \
+  time \
+  wget \
+  && apt-get clean
+
+# dotnet SDK prerequisites
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y libunwind8 libicu57 && apt-get clean
+
+# Install dotnet SDK via install script
+RUN wget -q https://dot.net/v1/dotnet-install.sh && \
+    chmod u+x dotnet-install.sh && \
+    ./dotnet-install.sh --version 2.1.504 && \
+    ln -s /root/.dotnet/dotnet /usr/local/bin
+
+RUN wget -q www.nuget.org/NuGet.exe -O /usr/local/bin/nuget.exe
+
+ENV DOTNET_SKIP_FIRST_TIME_EXPERIENCE true
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/java_stretch/Dockerfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/java_stretch/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc5e82abd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/java_stretch/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+FROM debian:stretch
+
+# Install dependencies.  We start with the basic ones require to build protoc
+# and the C++ build
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+  autoconf \
+  autotools-dev \
+  build-essential \
+  bzip2 \
+  ccache \
+  curl \
+  gcc \
+  git \
+  libc6 \
+  libc6-dbg \
+  libc6-dev \
+  libgtest-dev \
+  libtool \
+  make \
+  parallel \
+  time \
+  wget \
+  && apt-get clean
+
+# Java dependencies
+RUN apt-get install -y \
+  # -- For all Java builds -- \
+  maven \
+  # -- For java_linkage_monitor \
+  openjdk-8-jdk \
+  && apt-get clean
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/javascript/Dockerfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/javascript/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dff7e7bec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/javascript/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+FROM ubuntu:latest
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y gnupg
+
+# Install dependencies.  We start with the basic ones require to build protoc
+# and the C++ build
+RUN apt-get clean && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --force-yes \
+  autoconf \
+  autotools-dev \
+  build-essential \
+  bzip2 \
+  ccache \
+  curl \
+  gcc \
+  git \
+  libc6 \
+  libc6-dbg \
+  libc6-dev \
+  libgtest-dev \
+  libtool \
+  make \
+  parallel \
+  time \
+  wget \
+  && apt-get clean
+
+
+##################
+# Javascript dependencies.
+RUN apt-get install -y \
+  # -- For javascript and closure compiler -- \
+  npm \
+  default-jre
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/php/Dockerfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/php/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a540177c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/php/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+FROM debian:jessie
+
+# Install dependencies.  We start with the basic ones require to build protoc
+# and the C++ build
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+  autoconf \
+  autotools-dev \
+  build-essential \
+  bzip2 \
+  ccache \
+  curl \
+  gcc \
+  git \
+  libc6 \
+  libc6-dbg \
+  libc6-dev \
+  libgtest-dev \
+  libtool \
+  make \
+  parallel \
+  time \
+  wget \
+  re2c \
+  sqlite3 \
+  libsqlite3-dev \
+  && apt-get clean
+
+# Install php dependencies
+RUN apt-get clean && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --force-yes \
+  php5 \
+  libcurl4-openssl-dev \
+  libgmp-dev \
+  libgmp3-dev \
+  libssl-dev \
+  libxml2-dev \
+  unzip \
+  zlib1g-dev \
+  pkg-config \
+  && apt-get clean
+
+# Install other dependencies
+RUN ln -sf /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/gmp.h /usr/include/gmp.h
+RUN wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/bison-2.6.4.tar.gz -O /var/local/bison-2.6.4.tar.gz
+RUN cd /var/local \
+  && tar -zxvf bison-2.6.4.tar.gz \
+  && cd /var/local/bison-2.6.4 \
+  && ./configure \
+  && make \
+  && make install
+
+# Install composer
+RUN curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
+RUN mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
+
+# Download php source code
+RUN git clone https://github.com/php/php-src
+
+# php 5.5
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && git checkout PHP-5.5.38 \
+  && ./buildconf --force
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-bcmath \
+  --with-gmp \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.5 \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-maintainer-zts \
+  --with-gmp \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.5-zts \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+
+RUN wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-4.phar \
+  && chmod +x phpunit \
+  && cp phpunit /usr/local/php-5.5/bin \
+  && mv phpunit /usr/local/php-5.5-zts/bin
+
+# php 5.6
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && git checkout PHP-5.6.39 \
+  && ./buildconf --force
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-bcmath \
+  --with-gmp \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.6 \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-maintainer-zts \
+  --with-gmp \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.6-zts \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+
+RUN wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-5.phar \
+  && chmod +x phpunit \
+  && cp phpunit /usr/local/php-5.6/bin \
+  && mv phpunit /usr/local/php-5.6-zts/bin
+
+# php 7.0
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && git checkout PHP-7.0.33 \
+  && ./buildconf --force
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-bcmath \
+  --with-gmp \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.0 \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-maintainer-zts \
+  --with-gmp \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.0-zts \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+
+RUN wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-6.phar \
+  && chmod +x phpunit \
+  && cp phpunit /usr/local/php-7.0/bin \
+  && mv phpunit /usr/local/php-7.0-zts/bin
+
+# php 7.1
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && git checkout PHP-7.1.25 \
+  && ./buildconf --force
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-bcmath \
+  --with-gmp \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.1 \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-maintainer-zts \
+  --with-gmp \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.1-zts \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+
+RUN wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-7.phar \
+  && chmod +x phpunit \
+  && cp phpunit /usr/local/php-7.1/bin \
+  && mv phpunit /usr/local/php-7.1-zts/bin
+
+# php 7.2
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && git checkout PHP-7.2.13 \
+  && ./buildconf --force
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-bcmath \
+  --with-gmp \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.2 \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-maintainer-zts \
+  --with-gmp \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.2-zts \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+
+RUN wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-7.phar \
+  && chmod +x phpunit \
+  && cp phpunit /usr/local/php-7.2/bin \
+  && mv phpunit /usr/local/php-7.2-zts/bin
+
+# php 7.3
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && git checkout PHP-7.3.0 \
+  && ./buildconf --force
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-bcmath \
+  --with-gmp \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.3 \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-maintainer-zts \
+  --with-gmp \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.3-zts \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+
+RUN wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-7.phar \
+  && chmod +x phpunit \
+  && cp phpunit /usr/local/php-7.3/bin \
+  && mv phpunit /usr/local/php-7.3-zts/bin
+
+# php 7.4
+RUN wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/bison-3.0.1.tar.gz -O /var/local/bison-3.0.1.tar.gz
+RUN cd /var/local \
+  && tar -zxvf bison-3.0.1.tar.gz \
+  && cd /var/local/bison-3.0.1 \
+  && ./configure \
+  && make \
+  && make install
+
+RUN wget https://github.com/php/php-src/archive/php-7.4.0.tar.gz -O /var/local/php-7.4.0.tar.gz
+
+RUN cd /var/local \
+  && tar -zxvf php-7.4.0.tar.gz
+
+RUN cd /var/local/php-src-php-7.4.0 \
+  && ./buildconf --force \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-bcmath \
+  --with-gmp \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.4 \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+RUN cd /var/local/php-src-php-7.4.0 \
+  && ./buildconf --force \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-maintainer-zts \
+  --with-gmp \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.4-zts \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+
+RUN wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-8.phar \
+  && chmod +x phpunit \
+  && cp phpunit /usr/local/php-7.4/bin \
+  && mv phpunit /usr/local/php-7.4-zts/bin
+
+# Install php dependencies
+RUN apt-get clean && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --force-yes \
+  valgrind \
+  && apt-get clean
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/php_32bit/Dockerfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/php_32bit/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b40cb7003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/php_32bit/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+FROM i386/debian:jessie
+
+# Install dependencies.  We start with the basic ones require to build protoc
+# and the C++ build
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+  autoconf \
+  autotools-dev \
+  build-essential \
+  bzip2 \
+  ccache \
+  curl \
+  gcc \
+  git \
+  libc6 \
+  libc6-dbg \
+  libc6-dev \
+  libgtest-dev \
+  libtool \
+  make \
+  parallel \
+  time \
+  wget \
+  re2c \
+  sqlite3 \
+  libsqlite3-dev \
+  && apt-get clean
+
+# Install php dependencies
+RUN apt-get clean && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --force-yes \
+  bison \
+  php5 \
+  libcurl4-openssl-dev \
+  libssl-dev \
+  libxml2-dev \
+  unzip \
+  zlib1g-dev \
+  pkg-config \
+  && apt-get clean
+
+# Install other dependencies
+RUN wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/bison-2.6.4.tar.gz -O /var/local/bison-2.6.4.tar.gz
+RUN cd /var/local \
+  && tar -zxvf bison-2.6.4.tar.gz \
+  && cd /var/local/bison-2.6.4 \
+  && ./configure \
+  && make \
+  && make install
+
+# Install composer
+RUN curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
+RUN mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
+
+# Download php source code
+RUN git clone https://github.com/php/php-src
+
+# php 5.5
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && git checkout PHP-5.5.38 \
+  && ./buildconf --force
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-bcmath \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.5 \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-maintainer-zts \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.5-zts \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+
+RUN wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-4.phar \
+  && chmod +x phpunit \
+  && cp phpunit /usr/local/php-5.5/bin \
+  && mv phpunit /usr/local/php-5.5-zts/bin
+
+# php 5.6
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && git checkout PHP-5.6.39 \
+  && ./buildconf --force
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-bcmath \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.6 \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-maintainer-zts \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-5.6-zts \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+
+RUN wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-5.phar \
+  && chmod +x phpunit \
+  && cp phpunit /usr/local/php-5.6/bin \
+  && mv phpunit /usr/local/php-5.6-zts/bin
+
+# php 7.0
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && git checkout PHP-7.0.33 \
+  && ./buildconf --force
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-bcmath \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.0 \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-maintainer-zts \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.0-zts \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+
+RUN wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-6.phar \
+  && chmod +x phpunit \
+  && cp phpunit /usr/local/php-7.0/bin \
+  && mv phpunit /usr/local/php-7.0-zts/bin
+
+# php 7.1
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && git checkout PHP-7.1.25 \
+  && ./buildconf --force
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-bcmath \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.1 \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-maintainer-zts \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.1-zts \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+
+RUN wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-7.phar \
+  && chmod +x phpunit \
+  && cp phpunit /usr/local/php-7.1/bin \
+  && mv phpunit /usr/local/php-7.1-zts/bin
+
+# php 7.2
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && git checkout PHP-7.2.13 \
+  && ./buildconf --force
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-bcmath \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.2 \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-maintainer-zts \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.2-zts \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+
+RUN wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-7.phar \
+  && chmod +x phpunit \
+  && cp phpunit /usr/local/php-7.2/bin \
+  && mv phpunit /usr/local/php-7.2-zts/bin
+
+# php 7.3
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && git checkout PHP-7.3.0 \
+  && ./buildconf --force
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-bcmath \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.3 \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+RUN cd php-src \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-maintainer-zts \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.3-zts \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+
+RUN wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-7.phar \
+  && chmod +x phpunit \
+  && cp phpunit /usr/local/php-7.3/bin \
+  && mv phpunit /usr/local/php-7.3-zts/bin
+
+# php 7.4
+RUN wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/bison-3.0.1.tar.gz -O /var/local/bison-3.0.1.tar.gz
+RUN cd /var/local \
+  && tar -zxvf bison-3.0.1.tar.gz \
+  && cd /var/local/bison-3.0.1 \
+  && ./configure \
+  && make \
+  && make install
+
+RUN wget https://github.com/php/php-src/archive/php-7.4.0.tar.gz -O /var/local/php-7.4.0.tar.gz
+
+RUN cd /var/local \
+  && tar -zxvf php-7.4.0.tar.gz
+
+RUN cd /var/local/php-src-php-7.4.0 \
+  && ./buildconf --force \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-bcmath \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.4 \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+RUN cd /var/local/php-src-php-7.4.0 \
+  && ./buildconf --force \
+  && ./configure \
+  --enable-maintainer-zts \
+  --with-openssl \
+  --with-zlib \
+  --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.4-zts \
+  && make \
+  && make install \
+  && make clean
+
+RUN wget -O phpunit https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-8.phar \
+  && chmod +x phpunit \
+  && cp phpunit /usr/local/php-7.4/bin \
+  && mv phpunit /usr/local/php-7.4-zts/bin
+
+# Install php dependencies
+RUN apt-get clean && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --force-yes \
+  valgrind \
+  && apt-get clean
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_jessie/Dockerfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_jessie/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b5a53a3e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_jessie/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+FROM debian:jessie
+
+# Install dependencies.  We start with the basic ones require to build protoc
+# and the C++ build
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+  autoconf \
+  autotools-dev \
+  build-essential \
+  bzip2 \
+  ccache \
+  curl \
+  gcc \
+  git \
+  libc6 \
+  libc6-dbg \
+  libc6-dev \
+  libgtest-dev \
+  libtool \
+  make \
+  parallel \
+  time \
+  wget \
+  && apt-get clean
+
+# Install python dependencies
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+  python-setuptools \
+  python-all-dev \
+  python3-all-dev \
+  python-pip
+
+# Install Python packages from PyPI
+RUN pip install --upgrade pip==10.0.1
+RUN pip install virtualenv
+RUN pip install six==1.10.0 twisted==17.5.0
+
+# Install pip and virtualenv for Python 3.4
+RUN curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.4
+RUN python3.4 -m pip install virtualenv
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_stretch/Dockerfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_stretch/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10790b9c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_stretch/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+FROM debian:stretch
+
+# Install dependencies.  We start with the basic ones require to build protoc
+# and the C++ build
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+  autoconf \
+  autotools-dev \
+  build-essential \
+  bzip2 \
+  ccache \
+  curl \
+  gcc \
+  git \
+  libc6 \
+  libc6-dbg \
+  libc6-dev \
+  libgtest-dev \
+  libtool \
+  make \
+  parallel \
+  time \
+  wget \
+  && apt-get clean
+
+# Install Python 2.7
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python2.7 python-all-dev
+RUN curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python2.7
+
+# Install python dependencies
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+  python-setuptools \
+  python-pip
+
+# Add Debian 'testing' repository
+RUN echo 'deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian testing main' >> /etc/apt/sources.list
+RUN echo 'APT::Default-Release "stable";' | tee -a /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00local
+
+# Install Python3
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get -t testing install -y \
+  python3.5 \
+  python3.6 \
+  python3.7 \
+  python3.8 \
+  python3-all-dev
+
+RUN curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.5
+RUN curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.6
+RUN curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.7
+RUN curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.8
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/ruby/Dockerfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/ruby/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41bfedeb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/ruby/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+FROM debian:jessie
+
+# Install dependencies.  We start with the basic ones require to build protoc
+# and the C++ build
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+  autoconf \
+  autotools-dev \
+  build-essential \
+  bzip2 \
+  ccache \
+  curl \
+  gcc \
+  git \
+  libc6 \
+  libc6-dbg \
+  libc6-dev \
+  libgtest-dev \
+  libtool \
+  make \
+  parallel \
+  time \
+  wget \
+  && apt-get clean
+
+# Install rvm
+RUN gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys \
+    409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 \
+    7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB
+RUN \curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
+
+RUN /bin/bash -l -c "rvm install 2.3.8"
+RUN /bin/bash -l -c "rvm install 2.4.5"
+RUN /bin/bash -l -c "rvm install 2.5.1"
+RUN /bin/bash -l -c "rvm install 2.6.0"
+
+RUN /bin/bash -l -c "echo 'gem: --no-ri --no-rdoc' > ~/.gemrc"
+RUN /bin/bash -l -c "echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/rvm/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/golang/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/golang/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..79cddff15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/golang/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/64-bit
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="golang"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/golang/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/golang/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2282f78f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/golang/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/golang/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/golang/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/golang/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2282f78f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/golang/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/golang/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_compatibility/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_compatibility/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..de88454fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_compatibility/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/64-bit
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="java_compatibility"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_compatibility/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_compatibility/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4897f5c88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_compatibility/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_compatibility/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_compatibility/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_compatibility/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4897f5c88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_compatibility/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_compatibility/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_jdk7/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_jdk7/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0a5604b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_jdk7/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/64-bit
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="java_jdk7"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_jdk7/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_jdk7/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07a9df5f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_jdk7/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_jdk7/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_jdk7/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_jdk7/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07a9df5f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_jdk7/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_jdk7/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_linkage_monitor/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_linkage_monitor/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c447453f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_linkage_monitor/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+# The image of the Dockerfile sha1 is fetched from the organization
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/java_stretch
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="java_linkage_monitor"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_linkage_monitor/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_linkage_monitor/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0486cce4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_linkage_monitor/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_linkage_monitor/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_linkage_monitor/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_linkage_monitor/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c02a52f0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_linkage_monitor/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Config file for running Linkage Monitor in Kokoro
+# https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/cloud-opensource-java/tree/master/linkage-monitor
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_linkage_monitor/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_oracle7/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_oracle7/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9ab90dadf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_oracle7/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/64-bit
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="java_oracle7"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_oracle7/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_oracle7/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..610469b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_oracle7/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_oracle7/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_oracle7/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_oracle7/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..610469b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_oracle7/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/java_oracle7/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/javascript/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/javascript/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e1e172310
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/javascript/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/javascript
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="javascript"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/javascript/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/javascript/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b42f522fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/javascript/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/javascript/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/javascript/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/javascript/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b42f522fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/javascript/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/javascript/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/make_test_output.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/make_test_output.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..985368534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/make_test_output.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+"""Gathers output from test runs and create an XML file in JUnit format.
+
+The output files from the individual tests have been written in a directory
+structure like:
+
+  $DIR/joblog  (output from "parallel --joblog joblog")
+  $DIR/logs/1/cpp/stdout
+  $DIR/logs/1/cpp/stderr
+  $DIR/logs/1/csharp/stdout
+  $DIR/logs/1/csharp/stderr
+  $DIR/logs/1/java_jdk7/stdout
+  $DIR/logs/1/java_jdk7/stderr
+  etc.
+
+This script bundles them into a single output XML file so Jenkins can show
+detailed test results.  It runs as the last step before the Jenkins build
+finishes.
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+from yattag import Doc
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+
+def readtests(basedir):
+  tests = defaultdict(dict)
+
+  # Sample input (note: separators are tabs).
+  #
+  # Seq	Host	Starttime	Runtime	Send	Receive	Exitval	Signal	Command
+  # 1	:	1456263838.313	0.005	0	0	0	0	echo A
+  with open(basedir + "/joblog") as jobs:
+    firstline = next(jobs)
+    for line in jobs:
+      values = line.split("\t")
+
+      name = values[8].split()[-1]
+      test = tests[name]
+      test["name"] = name
+      test["time"] = values[3]
+
+      exitval = values[6]
+      if int(exitval):
+        # We don't have a more specific message.  User should look at stderr.
+        test["failure"] = "TEST FAILURE"
+      else:
+        test["failure"] = False
+
+  for testname in os.listdir(basedir + "/logs/1"):
+    test = tests[testname]
+
+    with open(basedir + "/logs/1/" + testname + "/stdout") as f:
+      test["stdout"] = f.read()
+
+    with open(basedir + "/logs/1/" + testname + "/stderr") as f:
+      test["stderr"] = f.read()
+
+  # The cpp test is special since it doesn't run under parallel so doesn't show
+  # up in the job log.
+  tests["cpp"]["name"] = "cpp"
+
+  with open(basedir + '/logs/1/cpp/build_time', 'r') as f:
+    tests["cpp"]["time"] = f.read().strip()
+  tests["cpp"]["failure"] = False
+
+  ret = tests.values()
+  ret.sort(key=lambda x: x["name"])
+
+  return ret
+
+
+def genxml(tests):
+  doc, tag, text = Doc().tagtext()
+
+  with tag("testsuites"):
+    with tag("testsuite", name="Protobuf Tests"):
+      for test in tests:
+        with tag("testcase", name=test["name"], classname=test["name"],
+                             time=test["time"]):
+          with tag("system-out"):
+            text(test["stdout"])
+          with tag("system-err"):
+            text(test["stderr"])
+          if test["failure"]:
+            with tag("failure"):
+              text(test["failure"])
+
+  return doc.getvalue()
+
+
+sys.stderr.write("make_test_output.py: writing XML from directory: " +
+                 sys.argv[1] + "\n")
+print(genxml(readtests(sys.argv[1])))
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/php_all/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/php_all/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..23468a701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/php_all/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/php
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="php_all"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/php_all/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/php_all/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfa8037ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/php_all/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/php_all/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/php_all/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/php_all/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfa8037ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/php_all/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/php_all/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a048c4703
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the script that runs inside Docker, once the image has been built,
+# to execute all tests for the "pull request" project.
+
+WORKSPACE_BASE=`pwd`
+MY_DIR="$(dirname "$0")"
+TEST_SCRIPT=./tests.sh
+BUILD_DIR=/tmp/protobuf
+
+set -e  # exit immediately on error
+set -x  # display all commands
+
+# The protobuf repository is mounted into our Docker image, but read-only.
+# We clone into a directory inside Docker (this is faster than cp).
+rm -rf $BUILD_DIR
+mkdir -p $BUILD_DIR
+cd $BUILD_DIR
+git clone /var/local/kokoro/protobuf
+cd protobuf
+
+# Initialize any submodules:
+git submodule update --init --recursive
+
+$TEST_SCRIPT $TEST_SET
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..86964f55e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/64-bit
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8c40ba360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_jessie
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python27"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27_cpp/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27_cpp/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2ff09a21f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27_cpp/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_jessie
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python27_cpp"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27_cpp/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27_cpp/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27_cpp/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27_cpp/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27_cpp/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python27_cpp/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..84a9acdb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_jessie
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python33"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33_cpp/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33_cpp/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ad33e89d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33_cpp/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_jessie
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python33_cpp"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33_cpp/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33_cpp/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33_cpp/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33_cpp/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33_cpp/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python33_cpp/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..25dfd5dfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_jessie
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python34"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34_cpp/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34_cpp/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e4590ffba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34_cpp/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_jessie
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python34_cpp"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34_cpp/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34_cpp/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34_cpp/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34_cpp/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34_cpp/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python34_cpp/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f978e2ad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_stretch
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python35"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35_cpp/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35_cpp/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2a79246d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35_cpp/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_stretch
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python35_cpp"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35_cpp/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35_cpp/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35_cpp/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35_cpp/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35_cpp/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python35_cpp/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..633145bce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_stretch
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python36"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36_cpp/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36_cpp/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8e120ff37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36_cpp/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_stretch
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python36_cpp"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36_cpp/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36_cpp/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36_cpp/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36_cpp/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36_cpp/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python36_cpp/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..554aa0944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_stretch
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python37"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37_cpp/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37_cpp/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8fdc8f933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37_cpp/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_stretch
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python37_cpp"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37_cpp/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37_cpp/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37_cpp/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37_cpp/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37_cpp/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python37_cpp/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9609939a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_stretch
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python38"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc4136f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38_cpp/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38_cpp/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c5cd6eeb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38_cpp/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/python_stretch
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python38_cpp"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38_cpp/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38_cpp/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38_cpp/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38_cpp/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38_cpp/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python38_cpp/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_compatibility/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_compatibility/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1ba35394d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_compatibility/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/64-bit
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python_compatibility"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_compatibility/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_compatibility/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4cf6bb077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_compatibility/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_compatibility/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_compatibility/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_compatibility/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4cf6bb077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_compatibility/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_compatibility/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..add646519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/64-bit
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="python_cpp"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b0e550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby23/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby23/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..503a320de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby23/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/ruby
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="ruby23"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby23/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby23/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5c64988b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby23/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby23/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby23/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby23/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5c64988b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby23/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby23/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby24/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby24/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..68585aabc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby24/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/ruby
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="ruby24"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby24/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby24/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1ccfc0b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby24/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby24/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby24/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby24/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1ccfc0b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby24/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby24/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby25/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby25/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1e82ec5f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby25/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/ruby
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="ruby25"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby25/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby25/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dee2db033
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby25/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby25/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby25/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby25/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dee2db033
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby25/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby25/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby26/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby26/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..72d2d4566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby26/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This is the top-level script we give to Kokoro as the entry point for
+# running the "pull request" project:
+#
+# This script selects a specific Dockerfile (for building a Docker image) and
+# a script to run inside that image.  Then we delegate to the general
+# build_and_run_docker.sh script.
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+export DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+export DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/test/ruby
+export DOCKER_RUN_SCRIPT=kokoro/linux/pull_request_in_docker.sh
+export OUTPUT_DIR=testoutput
+export TEST_SET="ruby26"
+./kokoro/linux/build_and_run_docker.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby26/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby26/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..477906567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby26/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby26/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby26/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby26/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..477906567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby26/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/linux/ruby26/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 120
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/sponge_log.xml"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bae2ebbc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh cpp
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bea1cbbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bea1cbbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp_distcheck/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp_distcheck/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d729b63db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp_distcheck/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh cpp_distcheck
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp_distcheck/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp_distcheck/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89441bcca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp_distcheck/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp_distcheck/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp_distcheck/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp_distcheck/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89441bcca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp_distcheck/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/cpp_distcheck/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/javascript/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/javascript/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..016832a32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/javascript/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh javascript
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/javascript/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/javascript/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b478cc193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/javascript/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/javascript/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/javascript/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/javascript/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b478cc193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/javascript/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/javascript/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_cocoapods_integration/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_cocoapods_integration/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f96d2899d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_cocoapods_integration/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh objectivec_cocoapods_integration
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_cocoapods_integration/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_cocoapods_integration/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..952874ed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_cocoapods_integration/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_cocoapods_integration/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_cocoapods_integration/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_cocoapods_integration/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..952874ed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_cocoapods_integration/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_cocoapods_integration/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_debug/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_debug/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1055d72ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_debug/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh objectivec_ios_debug
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_debug/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_debug/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..473d54554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_debug/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_debug/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_debug/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_debug/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..473d54554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_debug/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_debug/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_release/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_release/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..76ce3ba0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_release/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh objectivec_ios_release
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_release/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_release/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3cbfb685d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_release/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_release/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_release/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_release/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3cbfb685d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_release/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_ios_release/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_osx/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_osx/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..000be2746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_osx/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh objectivec_osx
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_osx/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_osx/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41bd46aa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_osx/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_osx/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_osx/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_osx/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41bd46aa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_osx/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/objectivec_osx/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php5.6_mac/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php5.6_mac/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..74878898f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php5.6_mac/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh php5.6_mac
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php5.6_mac/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php5.6_mac/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff345e9fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php5.6_mac/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/php5.6_mac/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php5.6_mac/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php5.6_mac/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff345e9fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php5.6_mac/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/php5.6_mac/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.0_mac/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.0_mac/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e5a37e30e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.0_mac/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh php7.0_mac
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.0_mac/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.0_mac/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2c181192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.0_mac/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.0_mac/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.0_mac/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.0_mac/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2c181192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.0_mac/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.0_mac/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.4_mac/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.4_mac/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..98c82d4bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.4_mac/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh php7.4_mac
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.4_mac/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.4_mac/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b2d6fde9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.4_mac/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.4_mac/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.4_mac/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.4_mac/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b2d6fde9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.4_mac/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/php7.4_mac/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2428750a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# This script sets up a Kokoro MacOS worker for running Protobuf tests
+
+##
+# Select Xcode version
+
+# Remember to update the Xcode version when Xcode_11.3.app is not available.
+# If xcode is not available, it will probably encounter the failure for
+# "autom4te: need GNU m4 1.4 or later: /usr/bin/m4"
+# go/kokoro/userdocs/macos/selecting_xcode.md for more information.
+export DEVELOPER_DIR=/Applications/Xcode_11.3.app/Contents/Developer
+
+##
+# Select C/C++ compilers
+
+export CC=gcc
+export CXX=g++
+
+##
+# Install Brew and core softwares
+
+ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
+source $HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm
+brew uninstall node icu4c cmake wget
+brew prune
+brew install gflags gpg gpg2 node openssl pcre ruby cmake wget
+sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local
+brew postinstall node
+
+##
+# Install Tox
+
+sudo pip install tox==2.4.1
+
+##
+# Install RVM
+
+gpg2 --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
+command curl -sSL https://rvm.io/mpapis.asc | gpg2 --import -
+curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6b17b9544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh python
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0fc8b503e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0fc8b503e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/python/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python_cpp/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python_cpp/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cb53def9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python_cpp/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+g++ --version
+
+./tests.sh python_cpp
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python_cpp/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python_cpp/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22f4a0e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python_cpp/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python_cpp/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python_cpp/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22f4a0e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/python_cpp/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/python_cpp/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby23/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby23/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dc950a20d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby23/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh ruby23
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby23/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby23/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9b1f6128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby23/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby23/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby23/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby23/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9b1f6128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby23/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby23/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby24/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby24/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3c3a190d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby24/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh ruby24
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby24/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby24/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fada028fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby24/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby24/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby24/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby24/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fada028fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby24/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby24/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby25/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby25/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..38e90aa75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby25/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh ruby25
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby25/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby25/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3755e410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby25/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby25/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby25/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby25/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3755e410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby25/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby25/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby26/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby26/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c33ed0a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby26/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build file to set up and run tests
+
+# Change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
+
+# Prepare worker environment to run tests
+source kokoro/macos/prepare_build_macos_rc
+
+./tests.sh ruby26
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby26/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby26/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..688f63c2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby26/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby26/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby26/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby26/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..688f63c2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby26/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/macos/ruby26/build.sh"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/collect_all_artifacts.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/collect_all_artifacts.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3da1a7c49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/collect_all_artifacts.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/collect_all_artifacts.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/collect_all_artifacts.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/collect_all_artifacts.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3b7d7d406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/collect_all_artifacts.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+
+# Change to repo root.
+cd $(dirname $0)/../..
+
+# Initialize any submodules.
+git submodule update --init --recursive
+
+# The directory with all resulting artifacts
+mkdir -p artifacts
+
+# Artifacts from all predecessor jobs get copied to this directory by kokoro
+INPUT_ARTIFACTS_DIR="${KOKORO_GFILE_DIR}/github/protobuf"
+
+# TODO(jtattermusch): remove listing the files, but for now it make it easier
+# to iterate on the script.
+ls -R ${INPUT_ARTIFACTS_DIR}
+
+# ====================================
+# Copy to expose all the artifacts from the predecessor jobs to the output
+# TODO(jtattermusch): the directory layout of the artifact builds is pretty messy,
+# so will be the output artifacts of this job.
+cp -r ${INPUT_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/* artifacts
+
+# ====================================
+# Build Google.Protobuf.Tools C# nuget
+# The reason it's being done in this script is that we need access to protoc binaries
+# built on multiple platform (the build is performed by the "build artifact" step)
+# and adding and extra chained build just for building the Google.Protobuf.Tools
+# nuget seems like an overkill.
+cd csharp
+mkdir -p protoc/windows_x86
+mkdir -p protoc/windows_x64
+cp ${INPUT_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/build32/Release/protoc.exe protoc/windows_x86/protoc.exe
+cp ${INPUT_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/build64/Release/protoc.exe protoc/windows_x64/protoc.exe
+
+mkdir -p protoc/linux_x86
+mkdir -p protoc/linux_x64
+# Because of maven unrelated reasonse the linux protoc binaries have a dummy .exe extension.
+# For the Google.Protobuf.Tools nuget, we don't want that expection, so we just remove it.
+cp ${INPUT_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/protoc-artifacts/target/linux/x86_32/protoc.exe protoc/linux_x86/protoc
+cp ${INPUT_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/protoc-artifacts/target/linux/x86_64/protoc.exe protoc/linux_x64/protoc
+
+mkdir -p protoc/macosx_x64
+cp ${INPUT_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/build64/src/protoc protoc/macosx_x64/protoc
+
+# Install nuget (will also install  mono)
+# TODO(jtattermusch): use "mono:5.14" docker image instead so we don't have to apt-get install
+sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
+sudo apt install apt-transport-https
+echo "deb https://download.mono-project.com/repo/ubuntu stable-trusty main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-official-stable.list
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt-get install -y nuget
+
+nuget pack Google.Protobuf.Tools.nuspec
+
+# Copy the nupkg to the output artifacts
+cp Google.Protobuf.Tools.*.nupkg ../artifacts
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/build_nuget.bat b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/build_nuget.bat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ff8db042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/build_nuget.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+@rem enter repo root
+cd /d %~dp0\..\..\..\..
+
+cd csharp
+
+@rem Install dotnet SDK
+powershell -File install_dotnet_sdk.ps1
+set PATH=%LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\dotnet;%PATH%
+
+@rem Disable some unwanted dotnet options
+set DOTNET_SKIP_FIRST_TIME_EXPERIENCE=true
+set DOTNET_CLI_TELEMETRY_OPTOUT=true
+
+call build_packages.bat
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f508c65bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/build_nuget.bat"
+timeout_mins: 60
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/*.nupkg"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f508c65bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/build_nuget.bat"
+timeout_mins: 60
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/*.nupkg"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/release.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/release.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f508c65bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/release.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/csharp/windows/build_nuget.bat"
+timeout_mins: 60
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/*.nupkg"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/linux/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/linux/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d165a896b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/linux/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -x
+
+# Change to repo root.
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../../..
+
+# Initialize any submodules.
+git submodule update --init --recursive
+
+# Generate the configure script.
+./autogen.sh
+
+# Cross-build for aarch64, ppc64le and s390x. Note: we do these builds first to avoid
+# file permission issues. The Docker builds will create directories owned by
+# root, which causes problems if we try to add new artifacts to those
+# directories afterward.
+
+sudo apt install -y g++-aarch64-linux-gnu
+protoc-artifacts/build-protoc.sh linux aarch_64 protoc
+
+sudo apt install -y g++-powerpc64le-linux-gnu
+protoc-artifacts/build-protoc.sh linux ppcle_64 protoc
+
+sudo apt install -y g++-s390x-linux-gnu
+protoc-artifacts/build-protoc.sh linux s390x_64 protoc
+
+# Use docker image to build linux artifacts.
+DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=protobuf/protoc_$(sha1sum protoc-artifacts/Dockerfile | cut -f1 -d " ")
+docker pull $DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME
+
+docker run -v $(pwd):/var/local/protobuf --rm $DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME \
+    bash -l /var/local/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/build-protoc.sh \
+    linux x86_64 protoc || {
+  echo "Failed to build protoc for linux + x86_64."
+  exit 1
+}
+
+docker run -v $(pwd):/var/local/protobuf --rm $DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME \
+    bash -l /var/local/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/build-protoc.sh \
+    linux x86_32 protoc || {
+  echo "Failed to build protoc for linux + x86_32."
+  exit 1
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/linux/release.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/linux/release.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d8b7b612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/linux/release.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/linux/build.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/protoc.exe"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/macos/build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/macos/build.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47c9bfa96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/macos/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+CXXFLAGS_COMMON="-std=c++14 -DNDEBUG -mmacosx-version-min=10.9"
+
+cd github/protobuf
+./autogen.sh
+
+mkdir build64 && cd build64
+export CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS_COMMON -m64"
+../configure --disable-shared
+make -j4
+file src/protoc
+otool -L src/protoc | grep dylib
+cd ..
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/macos/release.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/macos/release.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da903d031
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/macos/release.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Mac OSX protoc release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/macos/build.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/protoc"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/windows/build.bat b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/windows/build.bat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae0fa94a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/windows/build.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+set PATH=C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\;%PATH%
+set generator32=Visual Studio 14
+set generator64=Visual Studio 14 Win64
+set vcplatform32=win32
+set vcplatform64=x64
+set configuration=Release
+
+echo Building protoc
+cd github\protobuf
+
+mkdir build32
+cd build32
+cmake -G "%generator32%" -Dprotobuf_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -Dprotobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF -Dprotobuf_UNICODE=ON ../cmake
+msbuild protobuf.sln /p:Platform=%vcplatform32% || goto error
+cd ..
+
+mkdir build64
+cd build64
+cmake -G "%generator64%" -Dprotobuf_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -Dprotobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF -Dprotobuf_UNICODE=ON ../cmake
+msbuild protobuf.sln /p:Platform=%vcplatform64% || goto error
+cd ..
+
+goto :EOF
+
+:error
+echo Failed!
+exit /b %ERRORLEVEL%
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/windows/release.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/windows/release.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d0da8f13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/windows/release.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Windows protoc release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/protoc/windows/build.bat"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "**/protoc.exe"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/build_artifacts.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/build_artifacts.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fd9d5a939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/build_artifacts.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+
+# change to repo root
+pushd $(dirname $0)/../../../..
+
+# Create stage dir
+ORIGINAL_DIR=`pwd`
+pushd ..
+cp -R $ORIGINAL_DIR stage
+export STAGE_DIR="`pwd`/stage"
+popd
+
+export REPO_DIR=protobuf
+export BUILD_VERSION=`grep -i "version" python/google/protobuf/__init__.py | grep -o "'.*'" | tr -d "'"`
+
+export BUILD_COMMIT=`git rev-parse HEAD`
+export PLAT=x86_64
+export UNICODE_WIDTH=32
+export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.9
+
+rm -rf artifacts/
+rm -rf multibuild/
+mkdir artifacts
+export ARTIFACT_DIR=$(pwd)/artifacts
+
+git clone https://github.com/matthew-brett/multibuild.git
+cp kokoro/release/python/linux/config.sh config.sh
+
+build_artifact_version() {
+  MB_PYTHON_VERSION=$1
+
+  # Clean up env
+  rm -rf venv
+  sudo rm -rf $REPO_DIR
+  cp -R $STAGE_DIR $REPO_DIR
+
+  source multibuild/common_utils.sh
+  source multibuild/travis_steps.sh
+  before_install
+
+  clean_code $REPO_DIR $BUILD_COMMIT
+  sed -i '/Wno-sign-compare/a \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ extra_compile_args.append("-std=c++11")' $REPO_DIR/python/setup.py
+  cat $REPO_DIR/python/setup.py
+
+  build_wheel $REPO_DIR/python $PLAT
+
+  mv wheelhouse/* $ARTIFACT_DIR
+}
+
+build_artifact_version 2.7
+build_artifact_version 3.5
+build_artifact_version 3.6
+build_artifact_version 3.7
+build_artifact_version 3.8
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/config.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/config.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a8f663d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/config.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Define custom utilities
+# Test for OSX with [ -n "$IS_OSX" ]
+
+function pre_build {
+    # Any stuff that you need to do before you start building the wheels
+    # Runs in the root directory of this repository.
+    pushd protobuf
+
+    yum install -y devtoolset-2-libatomic-devel
+
+    # Build protoc
+    ./autogen.sh
+    ./configure
+
+    CXXFLAGS="-fPIC -g -O2" ./configure
+    make -j8
+
+    # Generate python dependencies.
+    pushd python
+    python setup.py build_py
+    popd
+
+    popd
+}
+
+function bdist_wheel_cmd {
+    # Builds wheel with bdist_wheel, puts into wheelhouse
+    #
+    # It may sometimes be useful to use bdist_wheel for the wheel building
+    # process.  For example, versioneer has problems with versions which are
+    # fixed with bdist_wheel:
+    # https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer/issues/121
+    local abs_wheelhouse=$1
+
+    # Modify build version
+    pwd
+    ls
+    python setup.py bdist_wheel --cpp_implementation --compile_static_extension
+    cp dist/*.whl $abs_wheelhouse
+}
+
+function build_wheel {
+    build_wheel_cmd "bdist_wheel_cmd" $@
+}
+
+function run_tests {
+    # Runs tests on installed distribution from an empty directory
+    python --version
+    python -c "from google.protobuf.pyext import _message;"
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0b9a018f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/build_artifacts.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0b9a018f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/build_artifacts.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/release.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/release.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b31b3f119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/release.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Linux release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/python/linux/build_artifacts.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/build_artifacts.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/build_artifacts.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..15aae3977
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/build_artifacts.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+
+# change to repo root
+pushd $(dirname $0)/../../../..
+
+# Create stage dir
+ORIGINAL_DIR=`pwd`
+pushd ..
+cp -R $ORIGINAL_DIR stage
+export STAGE_DIR="`pwd`/stage"
+popd
+
+export REPO_DIR=protobuf
+export BUILD_VERSION=`grep -i "version" python/google/protobuf/__init__.py | grep -o "'.*'" | tr -d "'"`
+export BUILD_COMMIT=`git rev-parse HEAD`
+export PLAT=x86_64
+export UNICODE_WIDTH=32
+export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.9
+export TRAVIS_OS_NAME="osx"
+
+rm -rf artifacts/
+rm -rf multibuild/
+mkdir artifacts
+export ARTIFACT_DIR=$(pwd)/artifacts
+
+git clone https://github.com/matthew-brett/multibuild.git
+cp kokoro/release/python/macos/config.sh config.sh
+
+OLD_PATH=$PATH
+
+build_artifact_version() {
+  MB_PYTHON_VERSION=$1
+
+  # Clean up env
+  rm -rf venv
+  sudo rm -rf $REPO_DIR
+  cp -R $STAGE_DIR $REPO_DIR
+  export PATH=$OLD_PATH
+
+  source multibuild/common_utils.sh
+  source multibuild/travis_steps.sh
+  before_install
+
+  clean_code $REPO_DIR $BUILD_COMMIT
+
+  build_wheel $REPO_DIR/python $PLAT
+
+  mv wheelhouse/* $ARTIFACT_DIR
+}
+
+export MB_PYTHON_OSX_VER=10.9
+build_artifact_version 2.7
+build_artifact_version 3.6
+build_artifact_version 3.7
+build_artifact_version 3.8
+
+# python OSX10.9 does not have python 3.5
+export MB_PYTHON_OSX_VER=10.6
+build_artifact_version 3.5
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/config.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/config.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..741988a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/config.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Define custom utilities
+# Test for OSX with [ -n "$IS_OSX" ]
+
+function pre_build {
+    # Any stuff that you need to do before you start building the wheels
+    # Runs in the root directory of this repository.
+    pushd protobuf
+
+    # Build protoc
+    ./autogen.sh
+    ./configure
+
+    CXXFLAGS="-std=c++14 -fPIC -g -O2" ./configure
+    make -j8
+
+    # Generate python dependencies.
+    pushd python
+    python setup.py build_py
+    popd
+
+    popd
+}
+
+function bdist_wheel_cmd {
+    # Builds wheel with bdist_wheel, puts into wheelhouse
+    #
+    # It may sometimes be useful to use bdist_wheel for the wheel building
+    # process.  For example, versioneer has problems with versions which are
+    # fixed with bdist_wheel:
+    # https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer/issues/121
+    local abs_wheelhouse=$1
+
+    # Modify build version
+    pwd
+    ls
+    python setup.py bdist_wheel --cpp_implementation --compile_static_extension
+    cp dist/*.whl $abs_wheelhouse
+}
+
+function build_wheel {
+    build_wheel_cmd "bdist_wheel_cmd" $@
+}
+
+function run_tests {
+    # Runs tests on installed distribution from an empty directory
+    python --version
+    python -c "from google.protobuf.pyext import _message;"
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85cf81b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Mac OSX release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/build_artifacts.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85cf81b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Mac OSX release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/build_artifacts.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/release.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/release.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85cf81b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/release.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Mac OSX release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/python/macos/build_artifacts.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/build_artifacts.bat b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/build_artifacts.bat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70a86a199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/build_artifacts.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+REM Move scripts to root
+set REPO_DIR_STAGE=%cd%\github\protobuf-stage
+xcopy /S  github\protobuf "%REPO_DIR_STAGE%\"
+cd github\protobuf
+copy kokoro\release\python\windows\build_single_artifact.bat build_single_artifact.bat
+
+REM Set environment variables
+set PACKAGE_NAME=protobuf
+set REPO_DIR=protobuf
+set BUILD_DLL=OFF
+set UNICODE=ON
+set PB_TEST_DEP="six==1.9"
+set OTHER_TEST_DEP="setuptools==38.5.1"
+set OLD_PATH=C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\;%PATH%
+
+REM Fetch multibuild
+git clone https://github.com/matthew-brett/multibuild.git
+
+REM Install zlib
+mkdir zlib
+curl -L -o zlib.zip http://www.winimage.com/zLibDll/zlib123dll.zip
+curl -L -o zlib-src.zip http://www.winimage.com/zLibDll/zlib123.zip
+7z x zlib.zip -ozlib
+7z x zlib-src.zip -ozlib\include
+SET ZLIB_ROOT=%cd%\zlib
+del /Q zlib.zip
+del /Q zlib-src.zip
+
+REM Create directory for artifacts
+SET ARTIFACT_DIR=%cd%\artifacts
+mkdir %ARTIFACT_DIR%
+
+REM Build wheel
+
+SET PYTHON=C:\python35_32bit
+SET PYTHON_VERSION=3.5
+SET PYTHON_ARCH=32
+CALL build_single_artifact.bat || goto :error
+
+SET PYTHON=C:\python35
+SET PYTHON_VERSION=3.5
+SET PYTHON_ARCH=64
+CALL build_single_artifact.bat || goto :error
+
+SET PYTHON=C:\python36_32bit
+SET PYTHON_VERSION=3.6
+SET PYTHON_ARCH=32
+CALL build_single_artifact.bat || goto :error
+
+SET PYTHON=C:\python36
+SET PYTHON_VERSION=3.6
+SET PYTHON_ARCH=64
+CALL build_single_artifact.bat || goto :error
+
+SET PYTHON=C:\python37_32bit
+SET PYTHON_VERSION=3.7
+SET PYTHON_ARCH=32
+CALL build_single_artifact.bat || goto :error
+
+SET PYTHON=C:\python37
+SET PYTHON_VERSION=3.7
+SET PYTHON_ARCH=64
+CALL build_single_artifact.bat || goto :error
+
+SET PYTHON=C:\python38_32bit
+SET PYTHON_VERSION=3.8
+SET PYTHON_ARCH=32
+CALL build_single_artifact.bat || goto :error
+
+SET PYTHON=C:\python38
+SET PYTHON_VERSION=3.8
+SET PYTHON_ARCH=64
+CALL build_single_artifact.bat || goto :error
+
+goto :EOF
+
+:error
+exit /b %errorlevel%
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/build_single_artifact.bat b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/build_single_artifact.bat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45843e1a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/build_single_artifact.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+setlocal
+
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python35_32bit set generator=Visual Studio 14
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python35_32bit set vcplatform=Win32
+
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python35 set generator=Visual Studio 14 Win64
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python35 set vcplatform=x64
+
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python36_32bit set generator=Visual Studio 14
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python36_32bit set vcplatform=Win32
+
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python36 set generator=Visual Studio 14 Win64
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python36 set vcplatform=x64
+
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python37_32bit set generator=Visual Studio 14
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python37_32bit set vcplatform=Win32
+
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python37 set generator=Visual Studio 14 Win64
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python37 set vcplatform=x64
+
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python38_32bit set generator=Visual Studio 14
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python38_32bit set vcplatform=Win32
+
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python38 set generator=Visual Studio 14 Win64
+if %PYTHON%==C:\python38 set vcplatform=x64
+
+REM Prepend newly installed Python to the PATH of this build (this cannot be
+REM done from inside the powershell script as it would require to restart
+REM the parent CMD process).
+SET PATH=%PYTHON%;%PYTHON%\Scripts;%OLD_PATH%
+python -m pip install -U pip
+pip install wheel
+
+REM Check that we have the expected version and architecture for Python
+python --version
+python -c "import struct; print(struct.calcsize('P') * 8)"
+
+rmdir /s/q %REPO_DIR%
+xcopy /s  %REPO_DIR_STAGE% "%REPO_DIR%\"
+
+REM Checkout release commit
+cd %REPO_DIR%
+
+REM ======================
+REM Build Protobuf Library
+REM ======================
+
+mkdir src\.libs
+
+mkdir vcprojects
+pushd vcprojects
+cmake -G "%generator%" -Dprotobuf_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=%BUILD_DLL% -Dprotobuf_UNICODE=%UNICODE% -Dprotobuf_BUILD_TESTS=OFF ../cmake || goto :error
+msbuild protobuf.sln /p:Platform=%vcplatform% /p:Configuration=Release || goto :error
+dir /s /b
+popd
+copy vcprojects\Release\libprotobuf.lib src\.libs\libprotobuf.a
+copy vcprojects\Release\libprotobuf-lite.lib src\.libs\libprotobuf-lite.a
+SET PATH=%cd%\vcprojects\Release;%PATH%
+dir vcprojects\Release
+
+REM ======================
+REM Build python library
+REM ======================
+
+cd python
+
+REM sed -i 's/\ extra_compile_args\ =\ \[\]/\ extra_compile_args\ =\ \[\'\/MT\'\]/g' setup.py
+
+python setup.py bdist_wheel --cpp_implementation --compile_static_extension
+dir dist
+copy dist\* %ARTIFACT_DIR%
+dir %ARTIFACT_DIR%
+cd ..\..
+
+goto :EOF
+
+:error
+exit /b %errorlevel%
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..526160647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Windows protoc release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/build_artifacts.bat"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..526160647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Windows protoc release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/build_artifacts.bat"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/release.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/release.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..526160647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/release.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Windows protoc release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/python/windows/build_artifacts.bat"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/build_artifacts.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/build_artifacts.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..88555226b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/build_artifacts.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+
+# change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../../..
+
+source kokoro/release/ruby/linux/prepare_build.sh
+
+# ruby environment
+source kokoro/release/ruby/linux/ruby/ruby_build_environment.sh
+
+# build artifacts
+bash kokoro/release/ruby/linux/ruby/ruby_build.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbc71b2ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Linux release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/build_artifacts.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/prepare_build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/prepare_build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f2257c3c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/prepare_build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Move docker's storage location to scratch disk so we don't run out of space.
+echo 'DOCKER_OPTS="${DOCKER_OPTS} --graph=/tmpfs/docker"' | sudo tee --append /etc/default/docker
+# Use container registry mirror for pulling docker images (should make downloads faster)
+# See https://cloud.google.com/container-registry/docs/using-dockerhub-mirroring
+echo 'DOCKER_OPTS="${DOCKER_OPTS} --registry-mirror=https://mirror.gcr.io"' | sudo tee --append /etc/default/docker
+sudo service docker restart
+
+# Download Docker images from DockerHub
+DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION=protobuftesting
+DOCKERFILE_DIR=kokoro/linux/dockerfile/release/ruby_rake_compiler
+DOCKERFILE_PREFIX=$(basename $DOCKERFILE_DIR)
+export RAKE_COMPILER_DOCK_IMAGE=${DOCKERHUB_ORGANIZATION}/${DOCKERFILE_PREFIX}_$(sha1sum $DOCKERFILE_DIR/Dockerfile | cut -f1 -d\ )
+
+# All artifacts come here
+mkdir artifacts
+export ARTIFACT_DIR=$(pwd)/artifacts
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbc71b2ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Linux release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/build_artifacts.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/release.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/release.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbc71b2ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/release.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Linux release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/build_artifacts.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/ruby/ruby_build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/ruby/ruby_build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9fc42b13e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/ruby/ruby_build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+
+# Build protoc
+if test ! -e src/protoc; then
+  ./autogen.sh
+  ./configure
+  make -j4
+fi
+
+umask 0022
+pushd ruby
+bundle install && bundle exec rake gem:native
+ls pkg
+mv pkg/* $ARTIFACT_DIR
+popd
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/ruby/ruby_build_environment.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/ruby/ruby_build_environment.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..87c0f7544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/linux/ruby/ruby_build_environment.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set +ex
+[[ -s /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh ]] && . /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh
+set -e  # rvm commands are very verbose
+rvm --default use ruby-2.4.1
+# The version needs to be updated if the version specified in Gemfile.lock is changed
+gem install bundler -v '1.17.3'
+set -ex
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/build_artifacts.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/build_artifacts.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c68b63cc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/build_artifacts.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+
+# change to repo root
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../../..
+
+# all artifacts come here
+mkdir artifacts
+export ARTIFACT_DIR=$(pwd)/artifacts
+
+# ruby environment
+bash kokoro/release/ruby/macos/ruby/ruby_build_environment.sh
+
+gem install rubygems-update
+update_rubygems
+
+# build artifacts
+bash kokoro/release/ruby/macos/ruby/ruby_build.sh
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb1c08bb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Mac OSX release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/build_artifacts.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb1c08bb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Mac OSX release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/build_artifacts.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/release.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/release.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb1c08bb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/release.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Configuration for Mac OSX release builds
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/build_artifacts.sh"
+
+action {
+  define_artifacts {
+    regex: "github/protobuf/artifacts/**"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/ruby/ruby_build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/ruby/ruby_build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9fc42b13e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/ruby/ruby_build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+
+# Build protoc
+if test ! -e src/protoc; then
+  ./autogen.sh
+  ./configure
+  make -j4
+fi
+
+umask 0022
+pushd ruby
+bundle install && bundle exec rake gem:native
+ls pkg
+mv pkg/* $ARTIFACT_DIR
+popd
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/ruby/ruby_build_environment.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/ruby/ruby_build_environment.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5776e3c34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/release/ruby/macos/ruby/ruby_build_environment.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+
+set +ex  # rvm script is very verbose and exits with errorcode
+source $HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm
+set -e  # rvm commands are very verbose
+time rvm install 2.5.0
+rvm use 2.5.0 --default
+gem install rake-compiler --no-document
+gem install bundler --no-document
+rvm osx-ssl-certs status all
+rvm osx-ssl-certs update all
+set -ex
+
+rm -rf ~/.rake-compiler
+
+CROSS_RUBY=$(mktemp tmpfile.XXXXXXXX)
+
+curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rake-compiler/rake-compiler/v1.0.3/tasks/bin/cross-ruby.rake > "$CROSS_RUBY"
+
+# See https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/12161 for verconf.h patch details
+patch "$CROSS_RUBY" << EOF
+--- cross-ruby.rake	2018-04-10 11:32:16.000000000 -0700
++++ patched	2018-04-10 11:40:25.000000000 -0700
+@@ -133,8 +133,10 @@
+     "--host=#{MINGW_HOST}",
+     "--target=#{MINGW_TARGET}",
+     "--build=#{RUBY_BUILD}",
+-    '--enable-shared',
++    '--enable-static',
++    '--disable-shared',
+     '--disable-install-doc',
++    '--without-gmp',
+     '--with-ext='
+   ]
+
+@@ -151,6 +153,7 @@
+ # make
+ file "#{USER_HOME}/builds/#{MINGW_HOST}/#{RUBY_CC_VERSION}/ruby.exe" => ["#{USER_HOME}/builds/#{MINGW_HOST}/#{RUBY_CC_VERSION}/Makefile"] do |t|
+   chdir File.dirname(t.prerequisites.first) do
++    sh "test -s verconf.h || rm -f verconf.h"  # if verconf.h has size 0, make sure it gets re-built by make
+     sh MAKE
+   end
+ end
+EOF
+
+MAKE="make -j8"
+
+for v in 2.6.0 2.5.1 2.4.0 2.3.0 ; do
+  ccache -c
+  rake -f "$CROSS_RUBY" cross-ruby VERSION="$v" HOST=x86_64-darwin11 MAKE="$MAKE"
+done
+
+sed 's/x86_64-darwin-11/universal-darwin/' ~/.rake-compiler/config.yml > "$CROSS_RUBY"
+mv "$CROSS_RUBY" ~/.rake-compiler/config.yml
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/windows/csharp/build.bat b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/windows/csharp/build.bat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95224f2eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/windows/csharp/build.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+@rem enter repo root
+cd /d %~dp0\..\..\..
+
+cd csharp
+
+@rem Install dotnet SDK
+powershell -File install_dotnet_sdk.ps1
+set PATH=%LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\dotnet;%PATH%
+
+@rem Disable some unwanted dotnet options
+set DOTNET_SKIP_FIRST_TIME_EXPERIENCE=true
+set DOTNET_CLI_TELEMETRY_OPTOUT=true
+
+call buildall.bat
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/windows/csharp/continuous.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/windows/csharp/continuous.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f58658517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/windows/csharp/continuous.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/windows/csharp/build.bat"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/windows/csharp/presubmit.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/windows/csharp/presubmit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f58658517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/kokoro/windows/csharp/presubmit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config file for running tests in Kokoro
+
+# Location of the build script in repository
+build_file: "protobuf/kokoro/windows/csharp/build.bat"
+timeout_mins: 1440
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ac_system_extensions.m4 b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ac_system_extensions.m4
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ca2eeb1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ac_system_extensions.m4
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+dnl Provide AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS for old autoconf machines.
+AC_DEFUN([ACX_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS],[
+  ifdef([AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS],[
+    AC_USE_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS
+  ],[
+    AC_BEFORE([$0], [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE])
+    AC_BEFORE([$0], [AC_RUN_IFELSE])
+
+    AC_REQUIRE([AC_GNU_SOURCE])
+    AC_REQUIRE([AC_AIX])
+    AC_REQUIRE([AC_MINIX])
+
+    AH_VERBATIM([__EXTENSIONS__],
+[/* Enable extensions on Solaris.  */
+#ifndef __EXTENSIONS__
+# undef __EXTENSIONS__
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS
+# undef _POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS
+#endif
+#ifndef _TANDEM_SOURCE
+# undef _TANDEM_SOURCE
+#endif])
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether it is safe to define __EXTENSIONS__],
+      [ac_cv_safe_to_define___extensions__],
+      [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE(
+         [AC_LANG_PROGRAM([
+#           define __EXTENSIONS__ 1
+            AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT])],
+         [ac_cv_safe_to_define___extensions__=yes],
+         [ac_cv_safe_to_define___extensions__=no])])
+    test $ac_cv_safe_to_define___extensions__ = yes &&
+      AC_DEFINE([__EXTENSIONS__])
+    AC_DEFINE([_POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS])
+    AC_DEFINE([_TANDEM_SOURCE])
+  ])
+])
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/acx_check_suncc.m4 b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/acx_check_suncc.m4
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a9a5770b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/acx_check_suncc.m4
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+dnl Check for the presence of the Sun Studio compiler.
+dnl If Sun Studio compiler is found, set appropriate flags.
+dnl Additionally, Sun Studio doesn't default to 64-bit by itself,
+dnl nor does it automatically look in standard Solaris places for
+dnl 64-bit libs, so we must add those options and paths to the search
+dnl paths.
+
+dnl TODO(kenton):  This is pretty hacky.  It sets CXXFLAGS, which the autoconf
+dnl docs say should never be overridden except by the user.  It also isn't
+dnl cross-compile safe.  We should fix these problems, but since I don't have
+dnl Sun CC at my disposal for testing, someone else will have to do it.
+
+AC_DEFUN([ACX_CHECK_SUNCC],[
+
+  AC_LANG_PUSH([C++])
+  AC_CHECK_DECL([__SUNPRO_CC], [SUNCC="yes"], [SUNCC="no"])
+  AC_LANG_POP()
+
+
+  AC_ARG_ENABLE([64bit-solaris],
+    [AS_HELP_STRING([--disable-64bit-solaris],
+      [Build 64 bit binary on Solaris @<:@default=on@:>@])],
+             [ac_enable_64bit="$enableval"],
+             [ac_enable_64bit="yes"])
+
+  AS_IF([test "$SUNCC" = "yes" -a "x${ac_cv_env_CXXFLAGS_set}" = "x"],[
+    dnl Sun Studio has a crashing bug with -xO4 in some cases. Keep this
+    dnl at -xO3 until a proper test to detect those crashes can be done.
+    CXXFLAGS="-g0 -xO3 -xlibmil -xdepend -xbuiltin -mt -template=no%extdef ${CXXFLAGS}"
+  ])
+
+  case $host_os in
+    *solaris*)
+      AC_CHECK_PROGS(ISAINFO, [isainfo], [no])
+      AS_IF([test "x$ISAINFO" != "xno"],
+            [isainfo_b=`${ISAINFO} -b`],
+            [isainfo_b="x"])
+
+      AS_IF([test "$isainfo_b" != "x"],[
+
+        isainfo_k=`${ISAINFO} -k`
+
+        AS_IF([test "x$ac_enable_64bit" = "xyes"],[
+
+          AS_IF([test "x$libdir" = "x\${exec_prefix}/lib"],[
+           dnl The user hasn't overridden the default libdir, so we'll
+           dnl the dir suffix to match solaris 32/64-bit policy
+           libdir="${libdir}/${isainfo_k}"
+          ])
+
+          dnl This should just be set in CPPFLAGS and in LDFLAGS, but libtool
+          dnl does the wrong thing if you don't put it into CXXFLAGS. sigh.
+          dnl (It also needs it in CFLAGS, or it does a different wrong thing!)
+          CXXFLAGS="${CXXFLAGS} -m64"
+          ac_cv_env_CXXFLAGS_set=set
+          ac_cv_env_CXXFLAGS_value='-m64'
+
+          CFLAGS="${CFLAGS} -m64"
+          ac_cv_env_CFLAGS_set=set
+          ac_cv_env_CFLAGS_value='-m64'
+
+          AS_IF([test "$target_cpu" = "sparc" -a "x$SUNCC" = "xyes" ],[
+            CXXFLAGS="-xmemalign=8s ${CXXFLAGS}"
+          ])
+        ])
+      ])
+    ;;
+  esac
+
+  AS_IF([test "$target_cpu" = "sparc" -a "x$SUNCC" = "xyes" ],[
+    CXXFLAGS="-xregs=no%appl ${CXXFLAGS}"
+  ])
+])
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ax_cxx_compile_stdcxx.m4 b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ax_cxx_compile_stdcxx.m4
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3288e2fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ax_cxx_compile_stdcxx.m4
@@ -0,0 +1,1001 @@
+# ===========================================================================
+#   http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf-archive/ax_cxx_compile_stdcxx.html
+# ===========================================================================
+#
+# SYNOPSIS
+#
+#   AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX(VERSION, [ext|noext], [mandatory|optional])
+#
+# DESCRIPTION
+#
+#   Check for baseline language coverage in the compiler for the specified
+#   version of the C++ standard.  If necessary, add switches to CXX and
+#   CXXCPP to enable support.  VERSION may be '11' (for the C++11 standard)
+#   or '14' (for the C++14 standard).
+#
+#   The second argument, if specified, indicates whether you insist on an
+#   extended mode (e.g. -std=gnu++11) or a strict conformance mode (e.g.
+#   -std=c++11).  If neither is specified, you get whatever works, with
+#   preference for an extended mode.
+#
+#   The third argument, if specified 'mandatory' or if left unspecified,
+#   indicates that baseline support for the specified C++ standard is
+#   required and that the macro should error out if no mode with that
+#   support is found.  If specified 'optional', then configuration proceeds
+#   regardless, after defining HAVE_CXX${VERSION} if and only if a
+#   supporting mode is found.
+#
+# LICENSE
+#
+#   Copyright (c) 2008 Benjamin Kosnik <bkoz@redhat.com>
+#   Copyright (c) 2012 Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+#   Copyright (c) 2013 Roy Stogner <roystgnr@ices.utexas.edu>
+#   Copyright (c) 2014, 2015 Google Inc.; contributed by Alexey Sokolov <sokolov@google.com>
+#   Copyright (c) 2015 Paul Norman <penorman@mac.com>
+#   Copyright (c) 2015 Moritz Klammler <moritz@klammler.eu>
+#   Copyright (c) 2016 Krzesimir Nowak <qdlacz@gmail.com>
+#
+#   Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
+#   permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice
+#   and this notice are preserved.  This file is offered as-is, without any
+#   warranty.
+
+#serial 6
+
+dnl  This macro is based on the code from the AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_11 macro
+dnl  (serial version number 13).
+
+AX_REQUIRE_DEFINED([AC_MSG_WARN])
+AC_DEFUN([AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX], [dnl
+  m4_if([$1], [11], [ax_cxx_compile_alternatives="11 0x"],
+        [$1], [14], [ax_cxx_compile_alternatives="14 1y"],
+        [$1], [17], [ax_cxx_compile_alternatives="17 1z"],
+        [m4_fatal([invalid first argument `$1' to AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX])])dnl
+  m4_if([$2], [], [],
+        [$2], [ext], [],
+        [$2], [noext], [],
+        [m4_fatal([invalid second argument `$2' to AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX])])dnl
+  m4_if([$3], [], [ax_cxx_compile_cxx$1_required=true],
+        [$3], [mandatory], [ax_cxx_compile_cxx$1_required=true],
+        [$3], [optional], [ax_cxx_compile_cxx$1_required=false],
+        [m4_fatal([invalid third argument `$3' to AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX])])
+  AC_LANG_PUSH([C++])dnl
+  ac_success=no
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether $CXX supports C++$1 features by default,
+  ax_cv_cxx_compile_cxx$1,
+  [AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([_AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_$1])],
+    [ax_cv_cxx_compile_cxx$1=yes],
+    [ax_cv_cxx_compile_cxx$1=no])])
+  if test x$ax_cv_cxx_compile_cxx$1 = xyes; then
+    ac_success=yes
+  fi
+
+  m4_if([$2], [noext], [], [dnl
+  if test x$ac_success = xno; then
+    for alternative in ${ax_cxx_compile_alternatives}; do
+      switch="-std=gnu++${alternative}"
+      cachevar=AS_TR_SH([ax_cv_cxx_compile_cxx$1_$switch])
+      AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether $CXX supports C++$1 features with $switch,
+                     $cachevar,
+        [ac_save_CXX="$CXX"
+         CXX="$CXX $switch"
+         AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([_AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_$1])],
+          [eval $cachevar=yes],
+          [eval $cachevar=no])
+         CXX="$ac_save_CXX"])
+      if eval test x\$$cachevar = xyes; then
+        CXX="$CXX $switch"
+        if test -n "$CXXCPP" ; then
+          CXXCPP="$CXXCPP $switch"
+        fi
+        ac_success=yes
+        break
+      fi
+    done
+  fi])
+
+  m4_if([$2], [ext], [], [dnl
+  if test x$ac_success = xno; then
+    dnl HP's aCC needs +std=c++11 according to:
+    dnl http://h21007.www2.hp.com/portal/download/files/unprot/aCxx/PDF_Release_Notes/769149-001.pdf
+    dnl Cray's crayCC needs "-h std=c++11"
+    for alternative in ${ax_cxx_compile_alternatives}; do
+      for switch in -std=c++${alternative} +std=c++${alternative} "-h std=c++${alternative}"; do
+        cachevar=AS_TR_SH([ax_cv_cxx_compile_cxx$1_$switch])
+        AC_CACHE_CHECK(whether $CXX supports C++$1 features with $switch,
+                       $cachevar,
+          [ac_save_CXX="$CXX"
+           CXX="$CXX $switch"
+           AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([_AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_$1])],
+            [eval $cachevar=yes],
+            [eval $cachevar=no])
+           CXX="$ac_save_CXX"])
+        if eval test x\$$cachevar = xyes; then
+          CXX="$CXX $switch"
+          if test -n "$CXXCPP" ; then
+            CXXCPP="$CXXCPP $switch"
+          fi
+          ac_success=yes
+          break
+        fi
+      done
+      if test x$ac_success = xyes; then
+        break
+      fi
+    done
+  fi])
+  AC_LANG_POP([C++])
+  if test x$ax_cxx_compile_cxx$1_required = xtrue; then
+    if test x$ac_success = xno; then
+      AC_MSG_ERROR([*** A compiler with support for C++$1 language features is required.])
+    fi
+  fi
+  if test x$ac_success = xno; then
+    HAVE_CXX$1=0
+    AC_MSG_NOTICE([No compiler with C++$1 support was found])
+  else
+    HAVE_CXX$1=1
+    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_CXX$1,1,
+              [define if the compiler supports basic C++$1 syntax])
+  fi
+  AC_SUBST(HAVE_CXX$1)
+  m4_if([$1], [17], [AC_MSG_WARN([C++17 is not yet standardized, so the checks may change in incompatible ways anytime])])
+])
+
+
+dnl  Test body for checking C++11 support
+
+m4_define([_AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_11],
+  _AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_new_in_11
+)
+
+
+dnl  Test body for checking C++14 support
+
+m4_define([_AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_14],
+  _AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_new_in_11
+  _AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_new_in_14
+)
+
+m4_define([_AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_17],
+  _AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_new_in_11
+  _AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_new_in_14
+  _AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_new_in_17
+)
+
+dnl  Tests for new features in C++11
+
+m4_define([_AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_new_in_11], [[
+
+// If the compiler admits that it is not ready for C++11, why torture it?
+// Hopefully, this will speed up the test.
+
+#ifndef __cplusplus
+
+#error "This is not a C++ compiler"
+
+#elif __cplusplus < 201103L
+
+#error "This is not a C++11 compiler"
+
+#else
+
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace cxx11
+{
+
+  namespace test_static_assert
+  {
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct check
+    {
+      static_assert(sizeof(int) <= sizeof(T), "not big enough");
+    };
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_final_override
+  {
+
+    struct Base
+    {
+      virtual void f() {}
+    };
+
+    struct Derived : public Base
+    {
+      virtual void f() override {}
+    };
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_double_right_angle_brackets
+  {
+
+    template < typename T >
+    struct check {};
+
+    typedef check<void> single_type;
+    typedef check<check<void>> double_type;
+    typedef check<check<check<void>>> triple_type;
+    typedef check<check<check<check<void>>>> quadruple_type;
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_decltype
+  {
+
+    int
+    f()
+    {
+      int a = 1;
+      decltype(a) b = 2;
+      return a + b;
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_type_deduction
+  {
+
+    template < typename T1, typename T2 >
+    struct is_same
+    {
+      static const bool value = false;
+    };
+
+    template < typename T >
+    struct is_same<T, T>
+    {
+      static const bool value = true;
+    };
+
+    template < typename T1, typename T2 >
+    auto
+    add(T1 a1, T2 a2) -> decltype(a1 + a2)
+    {
+      return a1 + a2;
+    }
+
+    int
+    test(const int c, volatile int v)
+    {
+      static_assert(is_same<int, decltype(0)>::value == true, "");
+      static_assert(is_same<int, decltype(c)>::value == false, "");
+      static_assert(is_same<int, decltype(v)>::value == false, "");
+      auto ac = c;
+      auto av = v;
+      auto sumi = ac + av + 'x';
+      auto sumf = ac + av + 1.0;
+      static_assert(is_same<int, decltype(ac)>::value == true, "");
+      static_assert(is_same<int, decltype(av)>::value == true, "");
+      static_assert(is_same<int, decltype(sumi)>::value == true, "");
+      static_assert(is_same<int, decltype(sumf)>::value == false, "");
+      static_assert(is_same<int, decltype(add(c, v))>::value == true, "");
+      return (sumf > 0.0) ? sumi : add(c, v);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_noexcept
+  {
+
+    int f() { return 0; }
+    int g() noexcept { return 0; }
+
+    static_assert(noexcept(f()) == false, "");
+    static_assert(noexcept(g()) == true, "");
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_constexpr
+  {
+
+    template < typename CharT >
+    unsigned long constexpr
+    strlen_c_r(const CharT *const s, const unsigned long acc) noexcept
+    {
+      return *s ? strlen_c_r(s + 1, acc + 1) : acc;
+    }
+
+    template < typename CharT >
+    unsigned long constexpr
+    strlen_c(const CharT *const s) noexcept
+    {
+      return strlen_c_r(s, 0UL);
+    }
+
+    static_assert(strlen_c("") == 0UL, "");
+    static_assert(strlen_c("1") == 1UL, "");
+    static_assert(strlen_c("example") == 7UL, "");
+    static_assert(strlen_c("another\0example") == 7UL, "");
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_rvalue_references
+  {
+
+    template < int N >
+    struct answer
+    {
+      static constexpr int value = N;
+    };
+
+    answer<1> f(int&)       { return answer<1>(); }
+    answer<2> f(const int&) { return answer<2>(); }
+    answer<3> f(int&&)      { return answer<3>(); }
+
+    void
+    test()
+    {
+      int i = 0;
+      const int c = 0;
+      static_assert(decltype(f(i))::value == 1, "");
+      static_assert(decltype(f(c))::value == 2, "");
+      static_assert(decltype(f(0))::value == 3, "");
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_uniform_initialization
+  {
+
+    struct test
+    {
+      static const int zero {};
+      static const int one {1};
+    };
+
+    static_assert(test::zero == 0, "");
+    static_assert(test::one == 1, "");
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_lambdas
+  {
+
+    void
+    test1()
+    {
+      auto lambda1 = [](){};
+      auto lambda2 = lambda1;
+      lambda1();
+      lambda2();
+    }
+
+    int
+    test2()
+    {
+      auto a = [](int i, int j){ return i + j; }(1, 2);
+      auto b = []() -> int { return '0'; }();
+      auto c = [=](){ return a + b; }();
+      auto d = [&](){ return c; }();
+      auto e = [a, &b](int x) mutable {
+        const auto identity = [](int y){ return y; };
+        for (auto i = 0; i < a; ++i)
+          a += b--;
+        return x + identity(a + b);
+      }(0);
+      return a + b + c + d + e;
+    }
+
+    int
+    test3()
+    {
+      const auto nullary = [](){ return 0; };
+      const auto unary = [](int x){ return x; };
+      using nullary_t = decltype(nullary);
+      using unary_t = decltype(unary);
+      const auto higher1st = [](nullary_t f){ return f(); };
+      const auto higher2nd = [unary](nullary_t f1){
+        return [unary, f1](unary_t f2){ return f2(unary(f1())); };
+      };
+      return higher1st(nullary) + higher2nd(nullary)(unary);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_variadic_templates
+  {
+
+    template <int...>
+    struct sum;
+
+    template <int N0, int... N1toN>
+    struct sum<N0, N1toN...>
+    {
+      static constexpr auto value = N0 + sum<N1toN...>::value;
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct sum<>
+    {
+      static constexpr auto value = 0;
+    };
+
+    static_assert(sum<>::value == 0, "");
+    static_assert(sum<1>::value == 1, "");
+    static_assert(sum<23>::value == 23, "");
+    static_assert(sum<1, 2>::value == 3, "");
+    static_assert(sum<5, 5, 11>::value == 21, "");
+    static_assert(sum<2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13>::value == 41, "");
+
+  }
+
+  // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13728184/template-aliases-and-sfinae
+  // Clang 3.1 fails with headers of libstd++ 4.8.3 when using std::function
+  // because of this.
+  namespace test_template_alias_sfinae
+  {
+
+    struct foo {};
+
+    template<typename T>
+    using member = typename T::member_type;
+
+    template<typename T>
+    void func(...) {}
+
+    template<typename T>
+    void func(member<T>*) {}
+
+    void test();
+
+    void test() { func<foo>(0); }
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_std_move_and_forward
+  {
+    struct message {};
+    char foo(message&) { return '\0'; }
+    int foo(message&&) { return 0; }
+
+    template<typename Arg, typename RT>
+    void check(Arg&& arg, RT rt) {
+      static_assert(sizeof(rt) == sizeof(foo(std::forward<Arg>(arg))), "");
+    }
+    void test() {
+      message a;
+      check(a, char());
+      check(std::move(a), int());
+    }
+  }
+
+}  // namespace cxx11
+
+#endif  // __cplusplus >= 201103L
+
+]])
+
+
+dnl  Tests for new features in C++14
+
+m4_define([_AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_new_in_14], [[
+
+// If the compiler admits that it is not ready for C++14, why torture it?
+// Hopefully, this will speed up the test.
+
+#ifndef __cplusplus
+
+#error "This is not a C++ compiler"
+
+#elif __cplusplus < 201402L
+
+#error "This is not a C++14 compiler"
+
+#else
+
+namespace cxx14
+{
+
+  namespace test_polymorphic_lambdas
+  {
+
+    int
+    test()
+    {
+      const auto lambda = [](auto&&... args){
+        const auto istiny = [](auto x){
+          return (sizeof(x) == 1UL) ? 1 : 0;
+        };
+        const int aretiny[] = { istiny(args)... };
+        return aretiny[0];
+      };
+      return lambda(1, 1L, 1.0f, '1');
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_binary_literals
+  {
+
+    constexpr auto ivii = 0b0000000000101010;
+    static_assert(ivii == 42, "wrong value");
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_generalized_constexpr
+  {
+
+    template < typename CharT >
+    constexpr unsigned long
+    strlen_c(const CharT *const s) noexcept
+    {
+      auto length = 0UL;
+      for (auto p = s; *p; ++p)
+        ++length;
+      return length;
+    }
+
+    static_assert(strlen_c("") == 0UL, "");
+    static_assert(strlen_c("x") == 1UL, "");
+    static_assert(strlen_c("test") == 4UL, "");
+    static_assert(strlen_c("another\0test") == 7UL, "");
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_lambda_init_capture
+  {
+
+    int
+    test()
+    {
+      auto x = 0;
+      const auto lambda1 = [a = x](int b){ return a + b; };
+      const auto lambda2 = [a = lambda1(x)](){ return a; };
+      return lambda2();
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_digit_separators
+  {
+
+    constexpr auto ten_million = 100'000'000;
+    static_assert(ten_million == 100000000, "");
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_return_type_deduction
+  {
+
+    auto f(int& x) { return x; }
+    decltype(auto) g(int& x) { return x; }
+
+    template < typename T1, typename T2 >
+    struct is_same
+    {
+      static constexpr auto value = false;
+    };
+
+    template < typename T >
+    struct is_same<T, T>
+    {
+      static constexpr auto value = true;
+    };
+
+    int
+    test()
+    {
+      auto x = 0;
+      static_assert(is_same<int, decltype(f(x))>::value, "");
+      static_assert(is_same<int&, decltype(g(x))>::value, "");
+      return x;
+    }
+
+  }
+
+}  // namespace cxx14
+
+#endif  // __cplusplus >= 201402L
+
+]])
+
+
+dnl  Tests for new features in C++17
+
+m4_define([_AX_CXX_COMPILE_STDCXX_testbody_new_in_17], [[
+
+// If the compiler admits that it is not ready for C++17, why torture it?
+// Hopefully, this will speed up the test.
+
+#ifndef __cplusplus
+
+#error "This is not a C++ compiler"
+
+#elif __cplusplus <= 201402L
+
+#error "This is not a C++17 compiler"
+
+#else
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+  #define REALLY_CLANG
+#else
+  #if defined(__GNUC__)
+    #define REALLY_GCC
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <utility>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace cxx17
+{
+
+#if !defined(REALLY_CLANG)
+  namespace test_constexpr_lambdas
+  {
+
+    // TODO: test it with clang++ from git
+
+    constexpr int foo = [](){return 42;}();
+
+  }
+#endif // !defined(REALLY_CLANG)
+
+  namespace test::nested_namespace::definitions
+  {
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_fold_expression
+  {
+
+    template<typename... Args>
+    int multiply(Args... args)
+    {
+      return (args * ... * 1);
+    }
+
+    template<typename... Args>
+    bool all(Args... args)
+    {
+      return (args && ...);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_extended_static_assert
+  {
+
+    static_assert (true);
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_auto_brace_init_list
+  {
+
+    auto foo = {5};
+    auto bar {5};
+
+    static_assert(std::is_same<std::initializer_list<int>, decltype(foo)>::value);
+    static_assert(std::is_same<int, decltype(bar)>::value);
+  }
+
+  namespace test_typename_in_template_template_parameter
+  {
+
+    template<template<typename> typename X> struct D;
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_fallthrough_nodiscard_maybe_unused_attributes
+  {
+
+    int f1()
+    {
+      return 42;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] int f2()
+    {
+      [[maybe_unused]] auto unused = f1();
+
+      switch (f1())
+      {
+      case 17:
+        f1();
+        [[fallthrough]];
+      case 42:
+        f1();
+      }
+      return f1();
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_extended_aggregate_initialization
+  {
+
+    struct base1
+    {
+      int b1, b2 = 42;
+    };
+
+    struct base2
+    {
+      base2() {
+        b3 = 42;
+      }
+      int b3;
+    };
+
+    struct derived : base1, base2
+    {
+        int d;
+    };
+
+    derived d1 {{1, 2}, {}, 4};  // full initialization
+    derived d2 {{}, {}, 4};      // value-initialized bases
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_general_range_based_for_loop
+  {
+
+    struct iter
+    {
+      int i;
+
+      int& operator* ()
+      {
+        return i;
+      }
+
+      const int& operator* () const
+      {
+        return i;
+      }
+
+      iter& operator++()
+      {
+        ++i;
+        return *this;
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct sentinel
+    {
+      int i;
+    };
+
+    bool operator== (const iter& i, const sentinel& s)
+    {
+      return i.i == s.i;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!= (const iter& i, const sentinel& s)
+    {
+      return !(i == s);
+    }
+
+    struct range
+    {
+      iter begin() const
+      {
+        return {0};
+      }
+
+      sentinel end() const
+      {
+        return {5};
+      }
+    };
+
+    void f()
+    {
+      range r {};
+
+      for (auto i : r)
+      {
+        [[maybe_unused]] auto v = i;
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_lambda_capture_asterisk_this_by_value
+  {
+
+    struct t
+    {
+      int i;
+      int foo()
+      {
+        return [*this]()
+        {
+          return i;
+        }();
+      }
+    };
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_enum_class_construction
+  {
+
+    enum class byte : unsigned char
+    {};
+
+    byte foo {42};
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_constexpr_if
+  {
+
+    template <bool cond>
+    int f ()
+    {
+      if constexpr(cond)
+      {
+        return 13;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        return 42;
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  namespace test_selection_statement_with_initializer
+  {
+
+    int f()
+    {
+      return 13;
+    }
+
+    int f2()
+    {
+      if (auto i = f(); i > 0)
+      {
+        return 3;
+      }
+
+      switch (auto i = f(); i + 4)
+      {
+      case 17:
+        return 2;
+
+      default:
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+#if !defined(REALLY_CLANG)
+  namespace test_template_argument_deduction_for_class_templates
+  {
+
+    // TODO: test it with clang++ from git
+
+    template <typename T1, typename T2>
+    struct pair
+    {
+      pair (T1 p1, T2 p2)
+        : m1 {p1},
+          m2 {p2}
+      {}
+
+      T1 m1;
+      T2 m2;
+    };
+
+    void f()
+    {
+      [[maybe_unused]] auto p = pair{13, 42u};
+    }
+
+  }
+#endif // !defined(REALLY_CLANG)
+
+  namespace test_non_type_auto_template_parameters
+  {
+
+    template <auto n>
+    struct B
+    {};
+
+    B<5> b1;
+    B<'a'> b2;
+
+  }
+
+#if !defined(REALLY_CLANG)
+  namespace test_structured_bindings
+  {
+
+    // TODO: test it with clang++ from git
+
+    int arr[2] = { 1, 2 };
+    std::pair<int, int> pr = { 1, 2 };
+
+    auto f1() -> int(&)[2]
+    {
+      return arr;
+    }
+
+    auto f2() -> std::pair<int, int>&
+    {
+      return pr;
+    }
+
+    struct S
+    {
+      int x1 : 2;
+      volatile double y1;
+    };
+
+    S f3()
+    {
+      return {};
+    }
+
+    auto [ x1, y1 ] = f1();
+    auto& [ xr1, yr1 ] = f1();
+    auto [ x2, y2 ] = f2();
+    auto& [ xr2, yr2 ] = f2();
+    const auto [ x3, y3 ] = f3();
+
+  }
+#endif // !defined(REALLY_CLANG)
+
+#if !defined(REALLY_CLANG)
+  namespace test_exception_spec_type_system
+  {
+
+    // TODO: test it with clang++ from git
+
+    struct Good {};
+    struct Bad {};
+
+    void g1() noexcept;
+    void g2();
+
+    template<typename T>
+    Bad
+    f(T*, T*);
+
+    template<typename T1, typename T2>
+    Good
+    f(T1*, T2*);
+
+    static_assert (std::is_same_v<Good, decltype(f(g1, g2))>);
+
+  }
+#endif // !defined(REALLY_CLANG)
+
+  namespace test_inline_variables
+  {
+
+    template<class T> void f(T)
+    {}
+
+    template<class T> inline T g(T)
+    {
+      return T{};
+    }
+
+    template<> inline void f<>(int)
+    {}
+
+    template<> int g<>(int)
+    {
+      return 5;
+    }
+
+  }
+
+}  // namespace cxx17
+
+#endif  // __cplusplus <= 201402L
+
+]])
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ax_prog_cc_for_build.m4 b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ax_prog_cc_for_build.m4
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77fd346a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ax_prog_cc_for_build.m4
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+# ===========================================================================
+#   http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf-archive/ax_prog_cc_for_build.html
+# ===========================================================================
+#
+# SYNOPSIS
+#
+#   AX_PROG_CC_FOR_BUILD
+#
+# DESCRIPTION
+#
+#   This macro searches for a C compiler that generates native executables,
+#   that is a C compiler that surely is not a cross-compiler. This can be
+#   useful if you have to generate source code at compile-time like for
+#   example GCC does.
+#
+#   The macro sets the CC_FOR_BUILD and CPP_FOR_BUILD macros to anything
+#   needed to compile or link (CC_FOR_BUILD) and preprocess (CPP_FOR_BUILD).
+#   The value of these variables can be overridden by the user by specifying
+#   a compiler with an environment variable (like you do for standard CC).
+#
+#   It also sets BUILD_EXEEXT and BUILD_OBJEXT to the executable and object
+#   file extensions for the build platform, and GCC_FOR_BUILD to `yes' if
+#   the compiler we found is GCC. All these variables but GCC_FOR_BUILD are
+#   substituted in the Makefile.
+#
+# LICENSE
+#
+#   Copyright (c) 2008 Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org>
+#
+#   Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
+#   permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice
+#   and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, without any
+#   warranty.
+
+#serial 8
+
+AU_ALIAS([AC_PROG_CC_FOR_BUILD], [AX_PROG_CC_FOR_BUILD])
+AC_DEFUN([AX_PROG_CC_FOR_BUILD], [dnl
+AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CC])dnl
+AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CPP])dnl
+AC_REQUIRE([AC_EXEEXT])dnl
+AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_HOST])dnl
+
+dnl Use the standard macros, but make them use other variable names
+dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_prog_CPP], ac_cv_build_prog_CPP)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_prog_gcc], ac_cv_build_prog_gcc)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_prog_cc_works], ac_cv_build_prog_cc_works)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_prog_cc_cross], ac_cv_build_prog_cc_cross)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_prog_cc_g], ac_cv_build_prog_cc_g)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_exeext], ac_cv_build_exeext)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_objext], ac_cv_build_objext)dnl
+pushdef([ac_exeext], ac_build_exeext)dnl
+pushdef([ac_objext], ac_build_objext)dnl
+pushdef([CC], CC_FOR_BUILD)dnl
+pushdef([CPP], CPP_FOR_BUILD)dnl
+pushdef([CFLAGS], CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD)dnl
+pushdef([CPPFLAGS], CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD)dnl
+pushdef([LDFLAGS], LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD)dnl
+pushdef([host], build)dnl
+pushdef([host_alias], build_alias)dnl
+pushdef([host_cpu], build_cpu)dnl
+pushdef([host_vendor], build_vendor)dnl
+pushdef([host_os], build_os)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_host], ac_cv_build)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_host_alias], ac_cv_build_alias)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_host_cpu], ac_cv_build_cpu)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_host_vendor], ac_cv_build_vendor)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_host_os], ac_cv_build_os)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cpp], ac_build_cpp)dnl
+pushdef([ac_compile], ac_build_compile)dnl
+pushdef([ac_link], ac_build_link)dnl
+
+save_cross_compiling=$cross_compiling
+save_ac_tool_prefix=$ac_tool_prefix
+cross_compiling=no
+ac_tool_prefix=
+
+AC_PROG_CC
+AC_PROG_CPP
+AC_EXEEXT
+
+ac_tool_prefix=$save_ac_tool_prefix
+cross_compiling=$save_cross_compiling
+
+dnl Restore the old definitions
+dnl
+popdef([ac_link])dnl
+popdef([ac_compile])dnl
+popdef([ac_cpp])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_host_os])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_host_vendor])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_host_cpu])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_host_alias])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_host])dnl
+popdef([host_os])dnl
+popdef([host_vendor])dnl
+popdef([host_cpu])dnl
+popdef([host_alias])dnl
+popdef([host])dnl
+popdef([LDFLAGS])dnl
+popdef([CPPFLAGS])dnl
+popdef([CFLAGS])dnl
+popdef([CPP])dnl
+popdef([CC])dnl
+popdef([ac_objext])dnl
+popdef([ac_exeext])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_objext])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_exeext])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_prog_cc_g])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_prog_cc_cross])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_prog_cc_works])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_prog_gcc])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_prog_CPP])dnl
+
+dnl Finally, set Makefile variables
+dnl
+BUILD_EXEEXT=$ac_build_exeext
+BUILD_OBJEXT=$ac_build_objext
+AC_SUBST(BUILD_EXEEXT)dnl
+AC_SUBST(BUILD_OBJEXT)dnl
+AC_SUBST([CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD])dnl
+AC_SUBST([CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD])dnl
+AC_SUBST([LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD])dnl
+])
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ax_prog_cxx_for_build.m4 b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ax_prog_cxx_for_build.m4
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cc0f73c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ax_prog_cxx_for_build.m4
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# ===========================================================================
+#   http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf-archive/ax_prog_cxx_for_build.html
+# ===========================================================================
+#
+# SYNOPSIS
+#
+#   AX_PROG_CXX_FOR_BUILD
+#
+# DESCRIPTION
+#
+#   This macro searches for a C++ compiler that generates native
+#   executables, that is a C++ compiler that surely is not a cross-compiler.
+#   This can be useful if you have to generate source code at compile-time
+#   like for example GCC does.
+#
+#   The macro sets the CXX_FOR_BUILD and CXXCPP_FOR_BUILD macros to anything
+#   needed to compile or link (CXX_FOR_BUILD) and preprocess
+#   (CXXCPP_FOR_BUILD). The value of these variables can be overridden by
+#   the user by specifying a compiler with an environment variable (like you
+#   do for standard CXX).
+#
+# LICENSE
+#
+#   Copyright (c) 2008 Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org>
+#   Copyright (c) 2012 Avionic Design GmbH
+#
+#   Based on the AX_PROG_CC_FOR_BUILD macro by Paolo Bonzini.
+#
+#   Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
+#   permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice
+#   and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, without any
+#   warranty.
+
+#serial 2
+
+AU_ALIAS([AC_PROG_CXX_FOR_BUILD], [AX_PROG_CXX_FOR_BUILD])
+AC_DEFUN([AX_PROG_CXX_FOR_BUILD], [dnl
+AC_REQUIRE([AX_PROG_CC_FOR_BUILD])dnl
+AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CXX])dnl
+AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CXXCPP])dnl
+AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_HOST])dnl
+
+dnl Use the standard macros, but make them use other variable names
+dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_prog_CXXCPP], ac_cv_build_prog_CXXCPP)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_prog_gxx], ac_cv_build_prog_gxx)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_prog_cxx_works], ac_cv_build_prog_cxx_works)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_prog_cxx_cross], ac_cv_build_prog_cxx_cross)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_prog_cxx_g], ac_cv_build_prog_cxx_g)dnl
+pushdef([CXX], CXX_FOR_BUILD)dnl
+pushdef([CXXCPP], CXXCPP_FOR_BUILD)dnl
+pushdef([CXXFLAGS], CXXFLAGS_FOR_BUILD)dnl
+pushdef([CPPFLAGS], CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD)dnl
+pushdef([CXXCPPFLAGS], CXXCPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD)dnl
+pushdef([host], build)dnl
+pushdef([host_alias], build_alias)dnl
+pushdef([host_cpu], build_cpu)dnl
+pushdef([host_vendor], build_vendor)dnl
+pushdef([host_os], build_os)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_host], ac_cv_build)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_host_alias], ac_cv_build_alias)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_host_cpu], ac_cv_build_cpu)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_host_vendor], ac_cv_build_vendor)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cv_host_os], ac_cv_build_os)dnl
+pushdef([ac_cxxcpp], ac_build_cxxcpp)dnl
+pushdef([ac_compile], ac_build_compile)dnl
+pushdef([ac_link], ac_build_link)dnl
+
+save_cross_compiling=$cross_compiling
+save_ac_tool_prefix=$ac_tool_prefix
+cross_compiling=no
+ac_tool_prefix=
+
+AC_PROG_CXX
+AC_PROG_CXXCPP
+
+ac_tool_prefix=$save_ac_tool_prefix
+cross_compiling=$save_cross_compiling
+
+dnl Restore the old definitions
+dnl
+popdef([ac_link])dnl
+popdef([ac_compile])dnl
+popdef([ac_cxxcpp])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_host_os])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_host_vendor])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_host_cpu])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_host_alias])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_host])dnl
+popdef([host_os])dnl
+popdef([host_vendor])dnl
+popdef([host_cpu])dnl
+popdef([host_alias])dnl
+popdef([host])dnl
+popdef([CXXCPPFLAGS])dnl
+popdef([CPPFLAGS])dnl
+popdef([CXXFLAGS])dnl
+popdef([CXXCPP])dnl
+popdef([CXX])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_prog_cxx_g])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_prog_cxx_cross])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_prog_cxx_works])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_prog_gxx])dnl
+popdef([ac_cv_prog_CXXCPP])dnl
+
+dnl Finally, set Makefile variables
+dnl
+AC_SUBST([CXXFLAGS_FOR_BUILD])dnl
+AC_SUBST([CXXCPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD])dnl
+])
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ax_pthread.m4 b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ax_pthread.m4
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d218d1af7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/ax_pthread.m4
@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+# ===========================================================================
+#        http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf-archive/ax_pthread.html
+# ===========================================================================
+#
+# SYNOPSIS
+#
+#   AX_PTHREAD([ACTION-IF-FOUND[, ACTION-IF-NOT-FOUND]])
+#
+# DESCRIPTION
+#
+#   This macro figures out how to build C programs using POSIX threads. It
+#   sets the PTHREAD_LIBS output variable to the threads library and linker
+#   flags, and the PTHREAD_CFLAGS output variable to any special C compiler
+#   flags that are needed. (The user can also force certain compiler
+#   flags/libs to be tested by setting these environment variables.)
+#
+#   Also sets PTHREAD_CC to any special C compiler that is needed for
+#   multi-threaded programs (defaults to the value of CC otherwise). (This
+#   is necessary on AIX to use the special cc_r compiler alias.)
+#
+#   NOTE: You are assumed to not only compile your program with these flags,
+#   but also to link with them as well. For example, you might link with
+#   $PTHREAD_CC $CFLAGS $PTHREAD_CFLAGS $LDFLAGS ... $PTHREAD_LIBS $LIBS
+#
+#   If you are only building threaded programs, you may wish to use these
+#   variables in your default LIBS, CFLAGS, and CC:
+#
+#     LIBS="$PTHREAD_LIBS $LIBS"
+#     CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $PTHREAD_CFLAGS"
+#     CC="$PTHREAD_CC"
+#
+#   In addition, if the PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE thread-attribute constant
+#   has a nonstandard name, this macro defines PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE to
+#   that name (e.g. PTHREAD_CREATE_UNDETACHED on AIX).
+#
+#   Also HAVE_PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT is defined if pthread is found and the
+#   PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT symbol is defined when compiling with
+#   PTHREAD_CFLAGS.
+#
+#   ACTION-IF-FOUND is a list of shell commands to run if a threads library
+#   is found, and ACTION-IF-NOT-FOUND is a list of commands to run it if it
+#   is not found. If ACTION-IF-FOUND is not specified, the default action
+#   will define HAVE_PTHREAD.
+#
+#   Please let the authors know if this macro fails on any platform, or if
+#   you have any other suggestions or comments. This macro was based on work
+#   by SGJ on autoconf scripts for FFTW (http://www.fftw.org/) (with help
+#   from M. Frigo), as well as ac_pthread and hb_pthread macros posted by
+#   Alejandro Forero Cuervo to the autoconf macro repository. We are also
+#   grateful for the helpful feedback of numerous users.
+#
+#   Updated for Autoconf 2.68 by Daniel Richard G.
+#
+# LICENSE
+#
+#   Copyright (c) 2008 Steven G. Johnson <stevenj@alum.mit.edu>
+#   Copyright (c) 2011 Daniel Richard G. <skunk@iSKUNK.ORG>
+#
+#   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+#   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+#   Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
+#   option) any later version.
+#
+#   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+#   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
+#   Public License for more details.
+#
+#   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+#   with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+#   As a special exception, the respective Autoconf Macro's copyright owner
+#   gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify the configure
+#   scripts that are the output of Autoconf when processing the Macro. You
+#   need not follow the terms of the GNU General Public License when using
+#   or distributing such scripts, even though portions of the text of the
+#   Macro appear in them. The GNU General Public License (GPL) does govern
+#   all other use of the material that constitutes the Autoconf Macro.
+#
+#   This special exception to the GPL applies to versions of the Autoconf
+#   Macro released by the Autoconf Archive. When you make and distribute a
+#   modified version of the Autoconf Macro, you may extend this special
+#   exception to the GPL to apply to your modified version as well.
+
+#serial 22
+
+AU_ALIAS([ACX_PTHREAD], [AX_PTHREAD])
+AC_DEFUN([AX_PTHREAD], [
+AC_REQUIRE([AC_CANONICAL_HOST])
+AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_CC])
+AC_REQUIRE([AC_PROG_SED])
+AC_LANG_PUSH([C])
+ax_pthread_ok=no
+
+# We used to check for pthread.h first, but this fails if pthread.h
+# requires special compiler flags (e.g. on Tru64 or Sequent).
+# It gets checked for in the link test anyway.
+
+# First of all, check if the user has set any of the PTHREAD_LIBS,
+# etcetera environment variables, and if threads linking works using
+# them:
+if test "x$PTHREAD_CFLAGS$PTHREAD_LIBS" != "x"; then
+	ax_pthread_save_CC="$CC"
+	ax_pthread_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
+	ax_pthread_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
+	AS_IF([test "x$PTHREAD_CC" != "x"], [CC="$PTHREAD_CC"])
+	CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $PTHREAD_CFLAGS"
+	LIBS="$PTHREAD_LIBS $LIBS"
+	AC_MSG_CHECKING([for pthread_join using $CC $PTHREAD_CFLAGS $PTHREAD_LIBS])
+	AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_CALL([], [pthread_join])], [ax_pthread_ok=yes])
+	AC_MSG_RESULT([$ax_pthread_ok])
+	if test "x$ax_pthread_ok" = "xno"; then
+		PTHREAD_LIBS=""
+		PTHREAD_CFLAGS=""
+	fi
+	CC="$ax_pthread_save_CC"
+	CFLAGS="$ax_pthread_save_CFLAGS"
+	LIBS="$ax_pthread_save_LIBS"
+fi
+
+# We must check for the threads library under a number of different
+# names; the ordering is very important because some systems
+# (e.g. DEC) have both -lpthread and -lpthreads, where one of the
+# libraries is broken (non-POSIX).
+
+# Create a list of thread flags to try.  Items starting with a "-" are
+# C compiler flags, and other items are library names, except for "none"
+# which indicates that we try without any flags at all, and "pthread-config"
+# which is a program returning the flags for the Pth emulation library.
+
+ax_pthread_flags="pthreads none -Kthread -pthread -pthreads -mthreads pthread --thread-safe -mt pthread-config"
+
+# The ordering *is* (sometimes) important.  Some notes on the
+# individual items follow:
+
+# pthreads: AIX (must check this before -lpthread)
+# none: in case threads are in libc; should be tried before -Kthread and
+#       other compiler flags to prevent continual compiler warnings
+# -Kthread: Sequent (threads in libc, but -Kthread needed for pthread.h)
+# -pthread: Linux/gcc (kernel threads), BSD/gcc (userland threads), Tru64
+#           (Note: HP C rejects this with "bad form for `-t' option")
+# -pthreads: Solaris/gcc (Note: HP C also rejects)
+# -mt: Sun Workshop C (may only link SunOS threads [-lthread], but it
+#      doesn't hurt to check since this sometimes defines pthreads and
+#      -D_REENTRANT too), HP C (must be checked before -lpthread, which
+#      is present but should not be used directly; and before -mthreads,
+#      because the compiler interprets this as "-mt" + "-hreads")
+# -mthreads: Mingw32/gcc, Lynx/gcc
+# pthread: Linux, etcetera
+# --thread-safe: KAI C++
+# pthread-config: use pthread-config program (for GNU Pth library)
+
+case $host_os in
+
+	freebsd*)
+
+	# -kthread: FreeBSD kernel threads (preferred to -pthread since SMP-able)
+	# lthread: LinuxThreads port on FreeBSD (also preferred to -pthread)
+
+	ax_pthread_flags="-kthread lthread $ax_pthread_flags"
+	;;
+
+	hpux*)
+
+	# From the cc(1) man page: "[-mt] Sets various -D flags to enable
+	# multi-threading and also sets -lpthread."
+
+	ax_pthread_flags="-mt -pthread pthread $ax_pthread_flags"
+	;;
+
+	openedition*)
+
+	# IBM z/OS requires a feature-test macro to be defined in order to
+	# enable POSIX threads at all, so give the user a hint if this is
+	# not set. (We don't define these ourselves, as they can affect
+	# other portions of the system API in unpredictable ways.)
+
+	AC_EGREP_CPP([AX_PTHREAD_ZOS_MISSING],
+	    [
+#	     if !defined(_OPEN_THREADS) && !defined(_UNIX03_THREADS)
+	     AX_PTHREAD_ZOS_MISSING
+#	     endif
+	    ],
+	    [AC_MSG_WARN([IBM z/OS requires -D_OPEN_THREADS or -D_UNIX03_THREADS to enable pthreads support.])])
+	;;
+
+	solaris*)
+
+	# On Solaris (at least, for some versions), libc contains stubbed
+	# (non-functional) versions of the pthreads routines, so link-based
+	# tests will erroneously succeed. (N.B.: The stubs are missing
+	# pthread_cleanup_push, or rather a function called by this macro,
+	# so we could check for that, but who knows whether they'll stub
+	# that too in a future libc.)  So we'll check first for the
+	# standard Solaris way of linking pthreads (-mt -lpthread).
+
+	ax_pthread_flags="-mt,pthread pthread $ax_pthread_flags"
+	;;
+esac
+
+# GCC generally uses -pthread, or -pthreads on some platforms (e.g. SPARC)
+
+AS_IF([test "x$GCC" = "xyes"],
+      [ax_pthread_flags="-pthread -pthreads $ax_pthread_flags"])
+
+# The presence of a feature test macro requesting re-entrant function
+# definitions is, on some systems, a strong hint that pthreads support is
+# correctly enabled
+
+case $host_os in
+	darwin* | hpux* | linux* | osf* | solaris*)
+	ax_pthread_check_macro="_REENTRANT"
+	;;
+
+	aix* | freebsd*)
+	ax_pthread_check_macro="_THREAD_SAFE"
+	;;
+
+	*)
+	ax_pthread_check_macro="--"
+	;;
+esac
+AS_IF([test "x$ax_pthread_check_macro" = "x--"],
+      [ax_pthread_check_cond=0],
+      [ax_pthread_check_cond="!defined($ax_pthread_check_macro)"])
+
+# Are we compiling with Clang?
+
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether $CC is Clang],
+    [ax_cv_PTHREAD_CLANG],
+    [ax_cv_PTHREAD_CLANG=no
+     # Note that Autoconf sets GCC=yes for Clang as well as GCC
+     if test "x$GCC" = "xyes"; then
+	AC_EGREP_CPP([AX_PTHREAD_CC_IS_CLANG],
+	    [/* Note: Clang 2.7 lacks __clang_[a-z]+__ */
+#	     if defined(__clang__) && defined(__llvm__)
+	     AX_PTHREAD_CC_IS_CLANG
+#	     endif
+	    ],
+	    [ax_cv_PTHREAD_CLANG=yes])
+     fi
+    ])
+ax_pthread_clang="$ax_cv_PTHREAD_CLANG"
+
+ax_pthread_clang_warning=no
+
+# Clang needs special handling, because older versions handle the -pthread
+# option in a rather... idiosyncratic way
+
+if test "x$ax_pthread_clang" = "xyes"; then
+
+	# Clang takes -pthread; it has never supported any other flag
+
+	# (Note 1: This will need to be revisited if a system that Clang
+	# supports has POSIX threads in a separate library.  This tends not
+	# to be the way of modern systems, but it's conceivable.)
+
+	# (Note 2: On some systems, notably Darwin, -pthread is not needed
+	# to get POSIX threads support; the API is always present and
+	# active.  We could reasonably leave PTHREAD_CFLAGS empty.  But
+	# -pthread does define _REENTRANT, and while the Darwin headers
+	# ignore this macro, third-party headers might not.)
+
+	PTHREAD_CFLAGS="-pthread"
+	PTHREAD_LIBS=
+
+	ax_pthread_ok=yes
+
+	# However, older versions of Clang make a point of warning the user
+	# that, in an invocation where only linking and no compilation is
+	# taking place, the -pthread option has no effect ("argument unused
+	# during compilation").  They expect -pthread to be passed in only
+	# when source code is being compiled.
+	#
+	# Problem is, this is at odds with the way Automake and most other
+	# C build frameworks function, which is that the same flags used in
+	# compilation (CFLAGS) are also used in linking.  Many systems
+	# supported by AX_PTHREAD require exactly this for POSIX threads
+	# support, and in fact it is often not straightforward to specify a
+	# flag that is used only in the compilation phase and not in
+	# linking.  Such a scenario is extremely rare in practice.
+	#
+	# Even though use of the -pthread flag in linking would only print
+	# a warning, this can be a nuisance for well-run software projects
+	# that build with -Werror.  So if the active version of Clang has
+	# this misfeature, we search for an option to squash it.
+
+	AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether Clang needs flag to prevent "argument unused" warning when linking with -pthread],
+	    [ax_cv_PTHREAD_CLANG_NO_WARN_FLAG],
+	    [ax_cv_PTHREAD_CLANG_NO_WARN_FLAG=unknown
+	     # Create an alternate version of $ac_link that compiles and
+	     # links in two steps (.c -> .o, .o -> exe) instead of one
+	     # (.c -> exe), because the warning occurs only in the second
+	     # step
+	     ax_pthread_save_ac_link="$ac_link"
+	     ax_pthread_sed='s/conftest\.\$ac_ext/conftest.$ac_objext/g'
+	     ax_pthread_link_step=`$as_echo "$ac_link" | sed "$ax_pthread_sed"`
+	     ax_pthread_2step_ac_link="($ac_compile) && (echo ==== >&5) && ($ax_pthread_link_step)"
+	     ax_pthread_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
+	     for ax_pthread_try in '' -Qunused-arguments -Wno-unused-command-line-argument unknown; do
+		AS_IF([test "x$ax_pthread_try" = "xunknown"], [break])
+		CFLAGS="-Werror -Wunknown-warning-option $ax_pthread_try -pthread $ax_pthread_save_CFLAGS"
+		ac_link="$ax_pthread_save_ac_link"
+		AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[int main(void){return 0;}]])],
+		    [ac_link="$ax_pthread_2step_ac_link"
+		     AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[int main(void){return 0;}]])],
+			 [break])
+		    ])
+	     done
+	     ac_link="$ax_pthread_save_ac_link"
+	     CFLAGS="$ax_pthread_save_CFLAGS"
+	     AS_IF([test "x$ax_pthread_try" = "x"], [ax_pthread_try=no])
+	     ax_cv_PTHREAD_CLANG_NO_WARN_FLAG="$ax_pthread_try"
+	    ])
+
+	case "$ax_cv_PTHREAD_CLANG_NO_WARN_FLAG" in
+		no | unknown) ;;
+		*) PTHREAD_CFLAGS="$ax_cv_PTHREAD_CLANG_NO_WARN_FLAG $PTHREAD_CFLAGS" ;;
+	esac
+
+fi # $ax_pthread_clang = yes
+
+if test "x$ax_pthread_ok" = "xno"; then
+for ax_pthread_try_flag in $ax_pthread_flags; do
+
+	case $ax_pthread_try_flag in
+		none)
+		AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether pthreads work without any flags])
+		;;
+
+		-mt,pthread)
+		AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether pthreads work with -mt -lpthread])
+		PTHREAD_CFLAGS="-mt"
+		PTHREAD_LIBS="-lpthread"
+		;;
+
+		-*)
+		AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether pthreads work with $ax_pthread_try_flag])
+		PTHREAD_CFLAGS="$ax_pthread_try_flag"
+		;;
+
+		pthread-config)
+		AC_CHECK_PROG([ax_pthread_config], [pthread-config], [yes], [no])
+		AS_IF([test "x$ax_pthread_config" = "xno"], [continue])
+		PTHREAD_CFLAGS="`pthread-config --cflags`"
+		PTHREAD_LIBS="`pthread-config --ldflags` `pthread-config --libs`"
+		;;
+
+		*)
+		AC_MSG_CHECKING([for the pthreads library -l$ax_pthread_try_flag])
+		PTHREAD_LIBS="-l$ax_pthread_try_flag"
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	ax_pthread_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
+	ax_pthread_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
+	CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $PTHREAD_CFLAGS"
+	LIBS="$PTHREAD_LIBS $LIBS"
+
+	# Check for various functions.  We must include pthread.h,
+	# since some functions may be macros.  (On the Sequent, we
+	# need a special flag -Kthread to make this header compile.)
+	# We check for pthread_join because it is in -lpthread on IRIX
+	# while pthread_create is in libc.  We check for pthread_attr_init
+	# due to DEC craziness with -lpthreads.  We check for
+	# pthread_cleanup_push because it is one of the few pthread
+	# functions on Solaris that doesn't have a non-functional libc stub.
+	# We try pthread_create on general principles.
+
+	AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([#include <pthread.h>
+#			if $ax_pthread_check_cond
+#			 error "$ax_pthread_check_macro must be defined"
+#			endif
+			static void routine(void *a) { a = 0; }
+			static void *start_routine(void *a) { return a; }],
+		       [pthread_t th; pthread_attr_t attr;
+			pthread_create(&th, 0, start_routine, 0);
+			pthread_join(th, 0);
+			pthread_attr_init(&attr);
+			pthread_cleanup_push(routine, 0);
+			pthread_cleanup_pop(0) /* ; */])],
+	    [ax_pthread_ok=yes],
+	    [])
+
+	CFLAGS="$ax_pthread_save_CFLAGS"
+	LIBS="$ax_pthread_save_LIBS"
+
+	AC_MSG_RESULT([$ax_pthread_ok])
+	AS_IF([test "x$ax_pthread_ok" = "xyes"], [break])
+
+	PTHREAD_LIBS=""
+	PTHREAD_CFLAGS=""
+done
+fi
+
+# Various other checks:
+if test "x$ax_pthread_ok" = "xyes"; then
+	ax_pthread_save_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
+	ax_pthread_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
+	CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $PTHREAD_CFLAGS"
+	LIBS="$PTHREAD_LIBS $LIBS"
+
+	# Detect AIX lossage: JOINABLE attribute is called UNDETACHED.
+	AC_CACHE_CHECK([for joinable pthread attribute],
+	    [ax_cv_PTHREAD_JOINABLE_ATTR],
+	    [ax_cv_PTHREAD_JOINABLE_ATTR=unknown
+	     for ax_pthread_attr in PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE PTHREAD_CREATE_UNDETACHED; do
+		 AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([#include <pthread.h>],
+						 [int attr = $ax_pthread_attr; return attr /* ; */])],
+				[ax_cv_PTHREAD_JOINABLE_ATTR=$ax_pthread_attr; break],
+				[])
+	     done
+	    ])
+	AS_IF([test "x$ax_cv_PTHREAD_JOINABLE_ATTR" != "xunknown" && \
+	       test "x$ax_cv_PTHREAD_JOINABLE_ATTR" != "xPTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE" && \
+	       test "x$ax_pthread_joinable_attr_defined" != "xyes"],
+	      [AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE],
+				  [$ax_cv_PTHREAD_JOINABLE_ATTR],
+				  [Define to necessary symbol if this constant
+				   uses a non-standard name on your system.])
+	       ax_pthread_joinable_attr_defined=yes
+	      ])
+
+	AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether more special flags are required for pthreads],
+	    [ax_cv_PTHREAD_SPECIAL_FLAGS],
+	    [ax_cv_PTHREAD_SPECIAL_FLAGS=no
+	     case $host_os in
+	     solaris*)
+	     ax_cv_PTHREAD_SPECIAL_FLAGS="-D_POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS"
+	     ;;
+	     esac
+	    ])
+	AS_IF([test "x$ax_cv_PTHREAD_SPECIAL_FLAGS" != "xno" && \
+	       test "x$ax_pthread_special_flags_added" != "xyes"],
+	      [PTHREAD_CFLAGS="$ax_cv_PTHREAD_SPECIAL_FLAGS $PTHREAD_CFLAGS"
+	       ax_pthread_special_flags_added=yes])
+
+	AC_CACHE_CHECK([for PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT],
+	    [ax_cv_PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT],
+	    [AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[#include <pthread.h>]],
+					     [[int i = PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT;]])],
+			    [ax_cv_PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT=yes],
+			    [ax_cv_PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT=no])
+	    ])
+	AS_IF([test "x$ax_cv_PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT" = "xyes" && \
+	       test "x$ax_pthread_prio_inherit_defined" != "xyes"],
+	      [AC_DEFINE([HAVE_PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT], [1], [Have PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT.])
+	       ax_pthread_prio_inherit_defined=yes
+	      ])
+
+	CFLAGS="$ax_pthread_save_CFLAGS"
+	LIBS="$ax_pthread_save_LIBS"
+
+	# More AIX lossage: compile with *_r variant
+	if test "x$GCC" != "xyes"; then
+	    case $host_os in
+		aix*)
+		AS_CASE(["x/$CC"],
+		    [x*/c89|x*/c89_128|x*/c99|x*/c99_128|x*/cc|x*/cc128|x*/xlc|x*/xlc_v6|x*/xlc128|x*/xlc128_v6],
+		    [#handle absolute path differently from PATH based program lookup
+		     AS_CASE(["x$CC"],
+			 [x/*],
+			 [AS_IF([AS_EXECUTABLE_P([${CC}_r])],[PTHREAD_CC="${CC}_r"])],
+			 [AC_CHECK_PROGS([PTHREAD_CC],[${CC}_r],[$CC])])])
+		;;
+	    esac
+	fi
+fi
+
+test -n "$PTHREAD_CC" || PTHREAD_CC="$CC"
+
+AC_SUBST([PTHREAD_LIBS])
+AC_SUBST([PTHREAD_CFLAGS])
+AC_SUBST([PTHREAD_CC])
+
+# Finally, execute ACTION-IF-FOUND/ACTION-IF-NOT-FOUND:
+if test "x$ax_pthread_ok" = "xyes"; then
+	ifelse([$1],,[AC_DEFINE([HAVE_PTHREAD],[1],[Define if you have POSIX threads libraries and header files.])],[$1])
+	:
+else
+	ax_pthread_ok=no
+	$2
+fi
+AC_LANG_POP
+])dnl AX_PTHREAD
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/stl_hash.m4 b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/stl_hash.m4
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7def1af9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/m4/stl_hash.m4
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# We check two things: where the include file is for
+# unordered_map/hash_map (we prefer the first form), and what
+# namespace unordered/hash_map lives in within that include file.  We
+# include AC_TRY_COMPILE for all the combinations we've seen in the
+# wild.  We define HASH_MAP_H to the location of the header file, and
+# HASH_NAMESPACE to the namespace the class (unordered_map or
+# hash_map) is in.
+
+# This also checks if unordered map exists.
+AC_DEFUN([AC_CXX_STL_HASH],
+  [
+   AC_MSG_CHECKING(the location of hash_map)
+   AC_LANG_SAVE
+   AC_LANG_CPLUSPLUS
+   ac_cv_cxx_hash_map=""
+   # First try unordered_map, but not on gcc's before 4.2 -- I've
+   # seen unexplainable unordered_map bugs with -O2 on older gcc's.
+   AC_TRY_COMPILE([#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 2))
+                   # error GCC too old for unordered_map
+                   #endif
+                   ],
+                   [/* no program body necessary */],
+                   [stl_hash_old_gcc=no],
+                   [stl_hash_old_gcc=yes])
+   for location in unordered_map tr1/unordered_map; do
+     for namespace in std std::tr1; do
+       if test -z "$ac_cv_cxx_hash_map" -a "$stl_hash_old_gcc" != yes; then
+         # Some older gcc's have a buggy tr1, so test a bit of code.
+         AC_TRY_COMPILE([#include <$location>],
+                        [const ${namespace}::unordered_map<int, int> t;
+                         return t.find(5) == t.end();],
+                        [ac_cv_cxx_hash_map="<$location>";
+                         ac_cv_cxx_hash_namespace="$namespace";
+                         ac_cv_cxx_hash_map_class="unordered_map";])
+       fi
+     done
+   done
+   # Now try hash_map
+   for location in ext/hash_map hash_map; do
+     for namespace in __gnu_cxx "" std stdext; do
+       if test -z "$ac_cv_cxx_hash_map"; then
+         AC_TRY_COMPILE([#include <$location>],
+                        [${namespace}::hash_map<int, int> t],
+                        [ac_cv_cxx_hash_map="<$location>";
+                         ac_cv_cxx_hash_namespace="$namespace";
+                         ac_cv_cxx_hash_map_class="hash_map";])
+       fi
+     done
+   done
+   ac_cv_cxx_hash_set=`echo "$ac_cv_cxx_hash_map" | sed s/map/set/`;
+   ac_cv_cxx_hash_set_class=`echo "$ac_cv_cxx_hash_map_class" | sed s/map/set/`;
+   if test -n "$ac_cv_cxx_hash_map"; then
+      AC_DEFINE(HAVE_HASH_MAP, 1, [define if the compiler has hash_map])
+      AC_DEFINE(HAVE_HASH_SET, 1, [define if the compiler has hash_set])
+      AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HASH_MAP_H,$ac_cv_cxx_hash_map,
+                         [the location of <unordered_map> or <hash_map>])
+      AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HASH_SET_H,$ac_cv_cxx_hash_set,
+                         [the location of <unordered_set> or <hash_set>])
+      AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HASH_NAMESPACE,$ac_cv_cxx_hash_namespace,
+                         [the namespace of hash_map/hash_set])
+      AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HASH_MAP_CLASS,$ac_cv_cxx_hash_map_class,
+                         [the name of <hash_map>])
+      AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(HASH_SET_CLASS,$ac_cv_cxx_hash_set_class,
+                         [the name of <hash_set>])
+      AC_MSG_RESULT([$ac_cv_cxx_hash_map])
+   else
+      AC_MSG_RESULT()
+      AC_MSG_WARN([could not find an STL hash_map])
+   fi
+])
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/.gitignore b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f786ffce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+## Build generated
+build/
+DerivedData/
+
+## Various settings
+*.pbxuser
+!default.pbxuser
+*.mode1v3
+!default.mode1v3
+*.mode2v3
+!default.mode2v3
+*.perspectivev3
+!default.perspectivev3
+xcuserdata/
+
+## Other
+*.moved-aside
+*.xccheckout
+*.xcscmblueprint
+
+## Obj-C/Swift specific
+*.hmap
+*.ipa
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/check_version_stamps.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/check_version_stamps.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1acbe2a2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/check_version_stamps.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/bash -eu
+
+# This script checks that the runtime version number constant in the compiler
+# source and in the runtime source is the same.
+#
+# A distro can be made of the protobuf sources with only a subset of the
+# languages, so if the compiler depended on the Objective C runtime, those
+# builds would break. At the same time, we don't want the runtime source
+# depending on the compiler sources; so two copies of the constant are needed.
+
+readonly ScriptDir=$(dirname "$(echo $0 | sed -e "s,^\([^/]\),$(pwd)/\1,")")
+readonly ProtoRootDir="${ScriptDir}/../.."
+
+die() {
+    echo "Error: $1"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+readonly GeneratorSrc="${ProtoRootDir}/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.cc"
+readonly RuntimeSrc="${ProtoRootDir}/objectivec/GPBBootstrap.h"
+
+check_constant() {
+  local ConstantName="$1"
+
+  # Collect version from generator sources.
+  local GeneratorVersion=$( \
+      cat "${GeneratorSrc}" \
+          | sed -n -e "s:const int32 ${ConstantName} = \([0-9]*\);:\1:p"
+  )
+  if [[ -z "${GeneratorVersion}" ]] ; then
+      die "Failed to find ${ConstantName} in the generator source (${GeneratorSrc})."
+  fi
+
+  # Collect version from runtime sources.
+  local RuntimeVersion=$( \
+      cat "${RuntimeSrc}" \
+          | sed -n -e "s:#define ${ConstantName} \([0-9]*\):\1:p"
+  )
+  if [[ -z "${RuntimeVersion}" ]] ; then
+      die "Failed to find ${ConstantName} in the runtime source (${RuntimeSrc})."
+  fi
+
+  # Compare them.
+  if [[ "${GeneratorVersion}" != "${RuntimeVersion}" ]] ; then
+      die "${ConstantName} values don't match!
+  Generator: ${GeneratorVersion} from ${GeneratorSrc}
+    Runtime: ${RuntimeVersion} from ${RuntimeSrc}
+"
+  fi
+}
+
+# Do the check.
+check_constant GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION
+
+# Success
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/compile_testing_protos.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/compile_testing_protos.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3070ba63b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/compile_testing_protos.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#!/bin/bash -eu
+# Invoked by the Xcode projects to build the protos needed for the unittests.
+
+readonly OUTPUT_DIR="${PROJECT_DERIVED_FILE_DIR}/protos"
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Helper for bailing.
+die() {
+  echo "Error: $1"
+  exit 2
+}
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# What to do.
+case "${ACTION}" in
+  "")
+    # Build, fall thru
+    ;;
+  "clean")
+    rm -rf "${OUTPUT_DIR}"
+    exit 0
+    ;;
+  *)
+    die "Unknown action requested: ${ACTION}"
+    ;;
+esac
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Ensure the output dir exists
+mkdir -p "${OUTPUT_DIR}/google/protobuf"
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Move to the top of the protobuf directories and ensure there is a protoc
+# binary to use.
+cd "${SRCROOT}/.."
+[[ -x src/protoc ]] || \
+  die "Could not find the protoc binary; make sure you have built it (objectivec/DevTools/full_mac_build.sh -h)."
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# See the compiler or proto files have changed.
+RUN_PROTOC=no
+if [[ ! -d "${OUTPUT_DIR}" ]] ; then
+  RUN_PROTOC=yes
+else
+  # Find the newest input file (protos, compiler, and this script).
+  # (these patterns catch some extra stuff, but better to over sample than
+  # under)
+  readonly NewestInput=$(find \
+     src/google/protobuf/*.proto \
+     objectivec/Tests/*.proto \
+     src/.libs src/*.la src/protoc \
+     objectivec/DevTools/compile_testing_protos.sh \
+        -type f -print0 \
+        | xargs -0 stat -f "%m %N" \
+        | sort -n | tail -n1 | cut -f2- -d" ")
+  # Find the oldest output file.
+  readonly OldestOutput=$(find \
+        "${OUTPUT_DIR}" \
+        -type f -name "*pbobjc.[hm]" -print0 \
+        | xargs -0 stat -f "%m %N" \
+        | sort -n -r | tail -n1 | cut -f2- -d" ")
+  # If the newest input is newer than the oldest output, regenerate.
+  if [[ "${NewestInput}" -nt "${OldestOutput}" ]] ; then
+    RUN_PROTOC=yes
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [[ "${RUN_PROTOC}" != "yes" ]] ; then
+  # Up to date.
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Prune out all the files from previous generations to ensure we only have
+# current ones.
+find "${OUTPUT_DIR}" \
+    -type f -name "*pbobjc.[hm]" -print0 \
+    | xargs -0 rm -rf
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Helper to invoke protoc
+compile_protos() {
+  src/protoc                                   \
+    --objc_out="${OUTPUT_DIR}/google/protobuf" \
+    --proto_path=src/google/protobuf/          \
+    --proto_path=src                           \
+    "$@"
+}
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Generate most of the proto files that exist in the C++ src tree.  Several
+# are used in the tests, but the extra don't hurt in that they ensure ObjC
+# sources can be generated from them.
+
+CORE_PROTO_FILES=(
+  src/google/protobuf/any_test.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_arena.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_empty.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_import.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_drop_unknown_fields.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/map_proto2_unittest.proto
+  src/google/protobuf/map_unittest.proto
+  # The unittest_custom_options.proto extends the messages in descriptor.proto
+  # so we build it in to test extending in general. The library doesn't provide
+  # a descriptor as it doesn't use the classes/enums.
+  src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+)
+
+# Note: there is overlap in package.Message names between some of the test
+# files, so they can't be generated all at once. This works because the overlap
+# isn't linked into a single binary.
+for a_proto in "${CORE_PROTO_FILES[@]}" ; do
+  compile_protos "${a_proto}"
+done
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Generate the Objective C specific testing protos.
+compile_protos \
+  --proto_path="objectivec/Tests" \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_cycle.proto \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_deprecated.proto \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_deprecated_file.proto \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_a.proto \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_b.proto \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_c.proto \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_d.proto \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_e.proto \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_f.proto \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_g.proto \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_runtime_proto2.proto \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_runtime_proto3.proto \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc.proto \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc_startup.proto \
+  objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc_options.proto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/full_mac_build.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/full_mac_build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5584b0ae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/full_mac_build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Helper to do build so you don't have to remember all the steps/args.
+
+
+set -eu
+
+# Some base locations.
+readonly ScriptDir=$(dirname "$(echo $0 | sed -e "s,^\([^/]\),$(pwd)/\1,")")
+readonly ProtoRootDir="${ScriptDir}/../.."
+
+printUsage() {
+  NAME=$(basename "${0}")
+  cat << EOF
+usage: ${NAME} [OPTIONS]
+
+This script does the common build steps needed.
+
+OPTIONS:
+
+ General:
+
+   -h, --help
+         Show this message
+   -c, --clean
+         Issue a clean before the normal build.
+   -a, --autogen
+         Start by rerunning autogen & configure.
+   -r, --regenerate-descriptors
+         Run generate_descriptor_proto.sh to regenerate all the checked in
+         proto sources.
+   -j #, --jobs #
+         Force the number of parallel jobs (useful for debugging build issues).
+   --core-only
+         Skip some of the core protobuf build/checks to shorten the build time.
+   --skip-xcode
+         Skip the invoke of Xcode to test the runtime on both iOS and OS X.
+   --skip-xcode-ios
+         Skip the invoke of Xcode to test the runtime on iOS.
+   --skip-xcode-debug
+         Skip the Xcode Debug configuration.
+   --skip-xcode-release
+         Skip the Xcode Release configuration.
+   --skip-xcode-osx | --skip-xcode-macos
+         Skip the invoke of Xcode to test the runtime on OS X.
+   --skip-xcode-tvos
+         Skip the invoke of Xcode to test the runtime on tvOS.
+   --skip-objc-conformance
+         Skip the Objective C conformance tests (run on OS X).
+   --xcode-quiet
+         Pass -quiet to xcodebuild.
+
+EOF
+}
+
+header() {
+  echo ""
+  echo "========================================================================"
+  echo "    ${@}"
+  echo "========================================================================"
+}
+
+# Thanks to libtool, builds can fail in odd ways and since it eats some output
+# it can be hard to spot, so force error output if make exits with a non zero.
+wrapped_make() {
+  set +e  # Don't stop if the command fails.
+  make $*
+  MAKE_EXIT_STATUS=$?
+  if [ ${MAKE_EXIT_STATUS} -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "Error: 'make $*' exited with status ${MAKE_EXIT_STATUS}"
+    exit ${MAKE_EXIT_STATUS}
+  fi
+  set -e
+}
+
+NUM_MAKE_JOBS=$(/usr/sbin/sysctl -n hw.ncpu)
+if [[ "${NUM_MAKE_JOBS}" -lt 2 ]] ; then
+  NUM_MAKE_JOBS=2
+fi
+
+DO_AUTOGEN=no
+DO_CLEAN=no
+REGEN_DESCRIPTORS=no
+CORE_ONLY=no
+DO_XCODE_IOS_TESTS=yes
+DO_XCODE_OSX_TESTS=yes
+DO_XCODE_TVOS_TESTS=yes
+DO_XCODE_DEBUG=yes
+DO_XCODE_RELEASE=yes
+DO_OBJC_CONFORMANCE_TESTS=yes
+XCODE_QUIET=no
+while [[ $# != 0 ]]; do
+  case "${1}" in
+    -h | --help )
+      printUsage
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    -c | --clean )
+      DO_CLEAN=yes
+      ;;
+    -a | --autogen )
+      DO_AUTOGEN=yes
+      ;;
+    -r | --regenerate-descriptors )
+      REGEN_DESCRIPTORS=yes
+      ;;
+    -j | --jobs )
+      shift
+      NUM_MAKE_JOBS="${1}"
+      ;;
+    --core-only )
+      CORE_ONLY=yes
+      ;;
+    --skip-xcode )
+      DO_XCODE_IOS_TESTS=no
+      DO_XCODE_OSX_TESTS=no
+      DO_XCODE_TVOS_TESTS=no
+      ;;
+    --skip-xcode-ios )
+      DO_XCODE_IOS_TESTS=no
+      ;;
+    --skip-xcode-osx | --skip-xcode-macos)
+      DO_XCODE_OSX_TESTS=no
+      ;;
+    --skip-xcode-tvos )
+      DO_XCODE_TVOS_TESTS=no
+      ;;
+    --skip-xcode-debug )
+      DO_XCODE_DEBUG=no
+      ;;
+    --skip-xcode-release )
+      DO_XCODE_RELEASE=no
+      ;;
+    --skip-objc-conformance )
+      DO_OBJC_CONFORMANCE_TESTS=no
+      ;;
+    --xcode-quiet )
+      XCODE_QUIET=yes
+      ;;
+    -*)
+      echo "ERROR: Unknown option: ${1}" 1>&2
+      printUsage
+      exit 1
+      ;;
+    *)
+      echo "ERROR: Unknown argument: ${1}" 1>&2
+      printUsage
+      exit 1
+      ;;
+  esac
+  shift
+done
+
+# Into the proto dir.
+cd "${ProtoRootDir}"
+
+# if no Makefile, force the autogen.
+if [[ ! -f Makefile ]] ; then
+  DO_AUTOGEN=yes
+fi
+
+if [[ "${DO_AUTOGEN}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+  header "Running autogen & configure"
+  ./autogen.sh
+  ./configure \
+    CPPFLAGS="-mmacosx-version-min=10.9 -Wunused-const-variable -Wunused-function"
+fi
+
+if [[ "${DO_CLEAN}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+  header "Cleaning"
+  wrapped_make clean
+  if [[ "${DO_XCODE_IOS_TESTS}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+    XCODEBUILD_CLEAN_BASE_IOS=(
+      xcodebuild
+        -project objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj
+        -scheme ProtocolBuffers
+    )
+    if [[ "${DO_XCODE_DEBUG}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+      "${XCODEBUILD_CLEAN_BASE_IOS[@]}" -configuration Debug clean
+    fi
+    if [[ "${DO_XCODE_RELEASE}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+      "${XCODEBUILD_CLEAN_BASE_IOS[@]}" -configuration Release clean
+    fi
+  fi
+  if [[ "${DO_XCODE_OSX_TESTS}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+    XCODEBUILD_CLEAN_BASE_OSX=(
+      xcodebuild
+        -project objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj
+        -scheme ProtocolBuffers
+    )
+    if [[ "${DO_XCODE_DEBUG}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+      "${XCODEBUILD_CLEAN_BASE_OSX[@]}" -configuration Debug clean
+    fi
+    if [[ "${DO_XCODE_RELEASE}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+      "${XCODEBUILD_CLEAN_BASE_OSX[@]}" -configuration Release clean
+    fi
+  fi
+  if [[ "${DO_XCODE_TVOS_TESTS}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+    XCODEBUILD_CLEAN_BASE_OSX=(
+      xcodebuild
+        -project objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj
+        -scheme ProtocolBuffers
+    )
+    if [[ "${DO_XCODE_DEBUG}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+      "${XCODEBUILD_CLEAN_BASE_OSX[@]}" -configuration Debug clean
+    fi
+    if [[ "${DO_XCODE_RELEASE}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+      "${XCODEBUILD_CLEAN_BASE_OSX[@]}" -configuration Release clean
+    fi
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [[ "${REGEN_DESCRIPTORS}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+  header "Regenerating the descriptor sources."
+  ./generate_descriptor_proto.sh -j "${NUM_MAKE_JOBS}"
+fi
+
+if [[ "${CORE_ONLY}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+  header "Building core Only"
+  wrapped_make -j "${NUM_MAKE_JOBS}"
+else
+  header "Building"
+  # Can't issue these together, when fully parallel, something sometimes chokes
+  # at random.
+  wrapped_make -j "${NUM_MAKE_JOBS}" all
+  wrapped_make -j "${NUM_MAKE_JOBS}" check
+  # Fire off the conformance tests also.
+  cd conformance
+  wrapped_make -j "${NUM_MAKE_JOBS}" test_cpp
+  cd ..
+fi
+
+# Ensure the WKT sources checked in are current.
+objectivec/generate_well_known_types.sh --check-only -j "${NUM_MAKE_JOBS}"
+
+header "Checking on the ObjC Runtime Code"
+objectivec/DevTools/pddm_tests.py
+if ! objectivec/DevTools/pddm.py --dry-run objectivec/*.[hm] objectivec/Tests/*.[hm] ; then
+  echo ""
+  echo "Update by running:"
+  echo "   objectivec/DevTools/pddm.py objectivec/*.[hm] objectivec/Tests/*.[hm]"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+readonly XCODE_VERSION_LINE="$(xcodebuild -version | grep Xcode\  )"
+readonly XCODE_VERSION="${XCODE_VERSION_LINE/Xcode /}"  # drop the prefix.
+
+if [[ "${DO_XCODE_IOS_TESTS}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+  XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_IOS=(
+    xcodebuild
+      -project objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj
+      -scheme ProtocolBuffers
+  )
+  if [[ "${XCODE_QUIET}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+    XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_IOS+=( -quiet )
+  fi
+  # Don't need to worry about form factors or retina/non retina;
+  # just pick a mix of OS Versions and 32/64 bit.
+  # NOTE: Different Xcode have different simulated hardware/os support.
+  case "${XCODE_VERSION}" in
+    [6-8].* )
+      echo "ERROR: The unittests include Swift code that is now Swift 4.0." 1>&2
+      echo "ERROR: Xcode 9.0 or higher is required to build the test suite, but the library works with Xcode 7.x." 1>&2
+      exit 11
+      ;;
+    9.[0-2]* )
+      XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_IOS+=(
+          -destination "platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 4s,OS=8.1" # 32bit
+          -destination "platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 7,OS=latest" # 64bit
+          # 9.0-9.2 all seem to often fail running destinations in parallel
+          -disable-concurrent-testing
+      )
+      ;;
+    9.[3-4]* )
+      XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_IOS+=(
+          # Xcode 9.3 chokes targeting iOS 8.x - http://www.openradar.me/39335367
+          -destination "platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 4s,OS=9.0" # 32bit
+          -destination "platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 7,OS=latest" # 64bit
+          # 9.3 also seems to often fail running destinations in parallel
+          -disable-concurrent-testing
+      )
+      ;;
+    10.*)
+      XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_IOS+=(
+          -destination "platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 4s,OS=8.1" # 32bit
+          -destination "platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 7,OS=latest" # 64bit
+          # 10.x also seems to often fail running destinations in parallel (with
+          # 32bit one include atleast)
+          -disable-concurrent-destination-testing
+      )
+      ;;
+    11.*)
+      XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_IOS+=(
+          -destination "platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 4s,OS=8.1" # 32bit
+          -destination "platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 8,OS=latest" # 64bit
+          # 10.x also seems to often fail running destinations in parallel (with
+          # 32bit one include atleast)
+          -disable-concurrent-destination-testing
+      )
+      ;;
+    * )
+      echo ""
+      echo "ATTENTION: Time to update the simulator targets for Xcode ${XCODE_VERSION}"
+      echo ""
+      echo "ERROR: Build aborted!"
+      exit 2
+      ;;
+  esac
+  if [[ "${DO_XCODE_DEBUG}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+    header "Doing Xcode iOS build/tests - Debug"
+    "${XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_IOS[@]}" -configuration Debug test
+  fi
+  if [[ "${DO_XCODE_RELEASE}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+    header "Doing Xcode iOS build/tests - Release"
+    "${XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_IOS[@]}" -configuration Release test
+  fi
+  # Don't leave the simulator in the developer's face.
+  killall Simulator 2> /dev/null || true
+fi
+if [[ "${DO_XCODE_OSX_TESTS}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+  XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_OSX=(
+    xcodebuild
+      -project objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj
+      -scheme ProtocolBuffers
+      # Since the ObjC 2.0 Runtime is required, 32bit OS X isn't supported.
+      -destination "platform=OS X,arch=x86_64" # 64bit
+  )
+  if [[ "${XCODE_QUIET}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+    XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_OSX+=( -quiet )
+  fi
+  case "${XCODE_VERSION}" in
+    [6-8].* )
+      echo "ERROR: The unittests include Swift code that is now Swift 4.0." 1>&2
+      echo "ERROR: Xcode 9.0 or higher is required to build the test suite, but the library works with Xcode 7.x." 1>&2
+      exit 11
+      ;;
+  esac
+  if [[ "${DO_XCODE_DEBUG}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+    header "Doing Xcode OS X build/tests - Debug"
+    "${XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_OSX[@]}" -configuration Debug test
+  fi
+  if [[ "${DO_XCODE_RELEASE}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+    header "Doing Xcode OS X build/tests - Release"
+    "${XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_OSX[@]}" -configuration Release test
+  fi
+fi
+if [[ "${DO_XCODE_TVOS_TESTS}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+  XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_TVOS=(
+    xcodebuild
+      -project objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj
+      -scheme ProtocolBuffers
+  )
+  case "${XCODE_VERSION}" in
+    [6-9].* )
+      echo "ERROR: Xcode 10.0 or higher is required to build the test suite." 1>&2
+      exit 11
+      ;;
+    10.* | 11.* )
+      XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_TVOS+=(
+        # Test on the oldest and current.
+        -destination "platform=tvOS Simulator,name=Apple TV,OS=11.0"
+        -destination "platform=tvOS Simulator,name=Apple TV 4K,OS=latest"
+      )
+      ;;
+    * )
+      echo ""
+      echo "ATTENTION: Time to update the simulator targets for Xcode ${XCODE_VERSION}"
+      echo ""
+      echo "ERROR: Build aborted!"
+      exit 2
+      ;;
+  esac
+  if [[ "${XCODE_QUIET}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+    XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_TVOS+=( -quiet )
+  fi
+  if [[ "${DO_XCODE_DEBUG}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+    header "Doing Xcode tvOS build/tests - Debug"
+    "${XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_TVOS[@]}" -configuration Debug test
+  fi
+  if [[ "${DO_XCODE_RELEASE}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+    header "Doing Xcode tvOS build/tests - Release"
+    "${XCODEBUILD_TEST_BASE_TVOS[@]}" -configuration Release test
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [[ "${DO_OBJC_CONFORMANCE_TESTS}" == "yes" ]] ; then
+  header "Running ObjC Conformance Tests"
+  cd conformance
+  wrapped_make -j "${NUM_MAKE_JOBS}" test_objc
+  cd ..
+fi
+
+echo ""
+echo "$(basename "${0}"): Success!"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/pddm.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/pddm.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0b5b7b406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/pddm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,690 @@
+#! /usr/bin/python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""PDDM - Poor Developers' Debug-able Macros
+
+A simple markup that can be added in comments of source so they can then be
+expanded out into code. Most of this could be done with CPP macros, but then
+developers can't really step through them in the debugger, this way they are
+expanded to the same code, but you can debug them.
+
+Any file can be processed, but the syntax is designed around a C based compiler.
+Processed lines start with "//%".  There are three types of sections you can
+create: Text (left alone), Macro Definitions, and Macro Expansions.  There is
+no order required between definitions and expansions, all definitions are read
+before any expansions are processed (thus, if desired, definitions can be put
+at the end of the file to keep them out of the way of the code).
+
+Macro Definitions are started with "//%PDDM-DEFINE Name(args)" and all lines
+afterwards that start with "//%" are included in the definition.  Multiple
+macros can be defined in one block by just using a another "//%PDDM-DEFINE"
+line to start the next macro.  Optionally, a macro can be ended with
+"//%PDDM-DEFINE-END", this can be useful when you want to make it clear that
+trailing blank lines are included in the macro.  You can also end a definition
+with an expansion.
+
+Macro Expansions are started by single lines containing
+"//%PDDM-EXPAND Name(args)" and then with "//%PDDM-EXPAND-END" or another
+expansions.  All lines in-between are replaced by the result of the expansion.
+The first line of the expansion is always a blank like just for readability.
+
+Expansion itself is pretty simple, one macro can invoke another macro, but
+you cannot nest the invoke of a macro in another macro (i.e. - can't do
+"foo(bar(a))", but you can define foo(a) and bar(b) where bar invokes foo()
+within its expansion.
+
+When macros are expanded, the arg references can also add "$O" suffix to the
+name (i.e. - "NAME$O") to specify an option to be applied. The options are:
+
+    $S - Replace each character in the value with a space.
+    $l - Lowercase the first letter of the value.
+    $L - Lowercase the whole value.
+    $u - Uppercase the first letter of the value.
+    $U - Uppercase the whole value.
+
+Within a macro you can use ## to cause things to get joined together after
+expansion (i.e. - "a##b" within a macro will become "ab").
+
+Example:
+
+    int foo(MyEnum x) {
+    switch (x) {
+    //%PDDM-EXPAND case(Enum_Left, 1)
+    //%PDDM-EXPAND case(Enum_Center, 2)
+    //%PDDM-EXPAND case(Enum_Right, 3)
+    //%PDDM-EXPAND-END
+    }
+
+    //%PDDM-DEFINE case(_A, _B)
+    //%  case _A:
+    //%    return _B;
+
+  A macro ends at the start of the next one, or an optional %PDDM-DEFINE-END
+  can be used to avoid adding extra blank lines/returns (or make it clear when
+  it is desired).
+
+  One macro can invoke another by simply using its name NAME(ARGS). You cannot
+  nest an invoke inside another (i.e. - NAME1(NAME2(ARGS)) isn't supported).
+
+  Within a macro you can use ## to cause things to get joined together after
+  processing (i.e. - "a##b" within a macro will become "ab").
+
+
+"""
+
+import optparse
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+
+# Regex for macro definition.
+_MACRO_RE = re.compile(r'(?P<name>\w+)\((?P<args>.*?)\)')
+# Regex for macro's argument definition.
+_MACRO_ARG_NAME_RE = re.compile(r'^\w+$')
+
+# Line inserted after each EXPAND.
+_GENERATED_CODE_LINE = (
+  '// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.'
+)
+
+
+def _MacroRefRe(macro_names):
+  # Takes in a list of macro names and makes a regex that will match invokes
+  # of those macros.
+  return re.compile(r'\b(?P<macro_ref>(?P<name>(%s))\((?P<args>.*?)\))' %
+                    '|'.join(macro_names))
+
+
+def _MacroArgRefRe(macro_arg_names):
+  # Takes in a list of macro arg names and makes a regex that will match
+  # uses of those args.
+  return re.compile(r'\b(?P<name>(%s))(\$(?P<option>.))?\b' %
+                    '|'.join(macro_arg_names))
+
+
+class PDDMError(Exception):
+  """Error thrown by pddm."""
+  pass
+
+
+class MacroCollection(object):
+  """Hold a set of macros and can resolve/expand them."""
+
+  def __init__(self, a_file=None):
+    """Initializes the collection.
+
+    Args:
+      a_file: The file like stream to parse.
+
+    Raises:
+      PDDMError if there are any issues.
+    """
+    self._macros = dict()
+    if a_file:
+      self.ParseInput(a_file)
+
+  class MacroDefinition(object):
+    """Holds a macro definition."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name, arg_names):
+      self._name = name
+      self._args = tuple(arg_names)
+      self._body = ''
+      self._needNewLine = False
+
+    def AppendLine(self, line):
+      if self._needNewLine:
+        self._body += '\n'
+      self._body += line
+      self._needNewLine = not line.endswith('\n')
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+      return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def args(self):
+      return self._args
+
+    @property
+    def body(self):
+      return self._body
+
+  def ParseInput(self, a_file):
+    """Consumes input extracting definitions.
+
+    Args:
+      a_file: The file like stream to parse.
+
+    Raises:
+      PDDMError if there are any issues.
+    """
+    input_lines = a_file.read().splitlines()
+    self.ParseLines(input_lines)
+
+  def ParseLines(self, input_lines):
+    """Parses list of lines.
+
+    Args:
+      input_lines: A list of strings of input to parse (no newlines on the
+                   strings).
+
+    Raises:
+      PDDMError if there are any issues.
+    """
+    current_macro = None
+    for line in input_lines:
+      if line.startswith('PDDM-'):
+        directive = line.split(' ', 1)[0]
+        if directive == 'PDDM-DEFINE':
+          name, args = self._ParseDefineLine(line)
+          if self._macros.get(name):
+            raise PDDMError('Attempt to redefine macro: "%s"' % line)
+          current_macro = self.MacroDefinition(name, args)
+          self._macros[name] = current_macro
+          continue
+        if directive == 'PDDM-DEFINE-END':
+          if not current_macro:
+            raise PDDMError('Got DEFINE-END directive without an active macro:'
+                            ' "%s"' % line)
+          current_macro = None
+          continue
+        raise PDDMError('Hit a line with an unknown directive: "%s"' % line)
+
+      if current_macro:
+        current_macro.AppendLine(line)
+        continue
+
+      # Allow blank lines between macro definitions.
+      if line.strip() == '':
+        continue
+
+      raise PDDMError('Hit a line that wasn\'t a directive and no open macro'
+                      ' definition: "%s"' % line)
+
+  def _ParseDefineLine(self, input_line):
+    assert input_line.startswith('PDDM-DEFINE')
+    line = input_line[12:].strip()
+    match = _MACRO_RE.match(line)
+    # Must match full line
+    if match is None or match.group(0) != line:
+      raise PDDMError('Failed to parse macro definition: "%s"' % input_line)
+    name = match.group('name')
+    args_str = match.group('args').strip()
+    args = []
+    if args_str:
+      for part in args_str.split(','):
+        arg = part.strip()
+        if arg == '':
+          raise PDDMError('Empty arg name in macro definition: "%s"'
+                          % input_line)
+        if not _MACRO_ARG_NAME_RE.match(arg):
+          raise PDDMError('Invalid arg name "%s" in macro definition: "%s"'
+                          % (arg, input_line))
+        if arg in args:
+          raise PDDMError('Arg name "%s" used more than once in macro'
+                          ' definition: "%s"' % (arg, input_line))
+        args.append(arg)
+    return (name, tuple(args))
+
+  def Expand(self, macro_ref_str):
+    """Expands the macro reference.
+
+    Args:
+      macro_ref_str: String of a macro reference (i.e. foo(a, b)).
+
+    Returns:
+      The text from the expansion.
+
+    Raises:
+      PDDMError if there are any issues.
+    """
+    match = _MACRO_RE.match(macro_ref_str)
+    if match is None or match.group(0) != macro_ref_str:
+      raise PDDMError('Failed to parse macro reference: "%s"' % macro_ref_str)
+    if match.group('name') not in self._macros:
+      raise PDDMError('No macro named "%s".' % match.group('name'))
+    return self._Expand(match, [], macro_ref_str)
+
+  def _FormatStack(self, macro_ref_stack):
+    result = ''
+    for _, macro_ref in reversed(macro_ref_stack):
+      result += '\n...while expanding "%s".' % macro_ref
+    return result
+
+  def _Expand(self, macro_ref_match, macro_stack, macro_ref_str=None):
+    if macro_ref_str is None:
+      macro_ref_str = macro_ref_match.group('macro_ref')
+    name = macro_ref_match.group('name')
+    for prev_name, prev_macro_ref in macro_stack:
+      if name == prev_name:
+        raise PDDMError('Found macro recusion, invoking "%s":%s' %
+                        (macro_ref_str, self._FormatStack(macro_stack)))
+    macro = self._macros[name]
+    args_str = macro_ref_match.group('args').strip()
+    args = []
+    if args_str or len(macro.args):
+      args = [x.strip() for x in args_str.split(',')]
+    if len(args) != len(macro.args):
+      raise PDDMError('Expected %d args, got: "%s".%s' %
+                      (len(macro.args), macro_ref_str,
+                       self._FormatStack(macro_stack)))
+    # Replace args usages.
+    result = self._ReplaceArgValues(macro, args, macro_ref_str, macro_stack)
+    # Expand any macro invokes.
+    new_macro_stack = macro_stack + [(name, macro_ref_str)]
+    while True:
+      eval_result = self._EvalMacrosRefs(result, new_macro_stack)
+      # Consume all ## directives to glue things together.
+      eval_result = eval_result.replace('##', '')
+      if eval_result == result:
+        break
+      result = eval_result
+    return result
+
+  def _ReplaceArgValues(self,
+                        macro, arg_values, macro_ref_to_report, macro_stack):
+    if len(arg_values) == 0:
+      # Nothing to do
+      return macro.body
+    assert len(arg_values) == len(macro.args)
+    args = dict(zip(macro.args, arg_values))
+
+    def _lookupArg(match):
+      val = args[match.group('name')]
+      opt = match.group('option')
+      if opt:
+        if opt == 'S':  # Spaces for the length
+          return ' ' * len(val)
+        elif opt == 'l':  # Lowercase first character
+          if val:
+            return val[0].lower() + val[1:]
+          else:
+            return val
+        elif opt == 'L':  # All Lowercase
+          return val.lower()
+        elif opt == 'u':  # Uppercase first character
+          if val:
+            return val[0].upper() + val[1:]
+          else:
+            return val
+        elif opt == 'U':  # All Uppercase
+          return val.upper()
+        else:
+          raise PDDMError('Unknown arg option "%s$%s" while expanding "%s".%s'
+                          % (match.group('name'), match.group('option'),
+                             macro_ref_to_report,
+                             self._FormatStack(macro_stack)))
+      return val
+    # Let the regex do the work!
+    macro_arg_ref_re = _MacroArgRefRe(macro.args)
+    return macro_arg_ref_re.sub(_lookupArg, macro.body)
+
+  def _EvalMacrosRefs(self, text, macro_stack):
+    macro_ref_re = _MacroRefRe(self._macros.keys())
+
+    def _resolveMacro(match):
+      return self._Expand(match, macro_stack)
+    return macro_ref_re.sub(_resolveMacro, text)
+
+
+class SourceFile(object):
+  """Represents a source file with PDDM directives in it."""
+
+  def __init__(self, a_file, import_resolver=None):
+    """Initializes the file reading in the file.
+
+    Args:
+      a_file: The file to read in.
+      import_resolver: a function that given a path will return a stream for
+        the contents.
+
+    Raises:
+      PDDMError if there are any issues.
+    """
+    self._sections = []
+    self._original_content = a_file.read()
+    self._import_resolver = import_resolver
+    self._processed_content = None
+
+  class SectionBase(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, first_line_num):
+      self._lines = []
+      self._first_line_num = first_line_num
+
+    def TryAppend(self, line, line_num):
+      """Try appending a line.
+
+      Args:
+        line: The line to append.
+        line_num: The number of the line.
+
+      Returns:
+        A tuple of (SUCCESS, CAN_ADD_MORE).  If SUCCESS if False, the line
+        wasn't append.  If SUCCESS is True, then CAN_ADD_MORE is True/False to
+        indicate if more lines can be added after this one.
+      """
+      assert False, "sublcass should have overridden"
+      return (False, False)
+
+    def HitEOF(self):
+      """Called when the EOF was reached for for a given section."""
+      pass
+
+    def BindMacroCollection(self, macro_collection):
+      """Binds the chunk to a macro collection.
+
+      Args:
+        macro_collection: The collection to bind too.
+      """
+      pass
+
+    def Append(self, line):
+      self._lines.append(line)
+
+    @property
+    def lines(self):
+      return self._lines
+
+    @property
+    def num_lines_captured(self):
+      return len(self._lines)
+
+    @property
+    def first_line_num(self):
+      return self._first_line_num
+
+    @property
+    def first_line(self):
+      if not self._lines:
+        return ''
+      return self._lines[0]
+
+    @property
+    def text(self):
+      return '\n'.join(self.lines) + '\n'
+
+  class TextSection(SectionBase):
+    """Text section that is echoed out as is."""
+
+    def TryAppend(self, line, line_num):
+      if line.startswith('//%PDDM'):
+        return (False, False)
+      self.Append(line)
+      return (True, True)
+
+  class ExpansionSection(SectionBase):
+    """Section that is the result of an macro expansion."""
+
+    def __init__(self, first_line_num):
+      SourceFile.SectionBase.__init__(self, first_line_num)
+      self._macro_collection = None
+
+    def TryAppend(self, line, line_num):
+      if line.startswith('//%PDDM'):
+        directive = line.split(' ', 1)[0]
+        if directive == '//%PDDM-EXPAND':
+          self.Append(line)
+          return (True, True)
+        if directive == '//%PDDM-EXPAND-END':
+          assert self.num_lines_captured > 0
+          return (True, False)
+        raise PDDMError('Ran into directive ("%s", line %d) while in "%s".' %
+                        (directive, line_num, self.first_line))
+      # Eat other lines.
+      return (True, True)
+
+    def HitEOF(self):
+      raise PDDMError('Hit the end of the file while in "%s".' %
+                      self.first_line)
+
+    def BindMacroCollection(self, macro_collection):
+      self._macro_collection = macro_collection
+
+    @property
+    def lines(self):
+      captured_lines = SourceFile.SectionBase.lines.fget(self)
+      directive_len = len('//%PDDM-EXPAND')
+      result = []
+      for line in captured_lines:
+        result.append(line)
+        if self._macro_collection:
+          # Always add a blank line, seems to read better. (If need be, add an
+          # option to the EXPAND to indicate if this should be done.)
+          result.extend([_GENERATED_CODE_LINE, ''])
+          macro = line[directive_len:].strip()
+          try:
+            expand_result = self._macro_collection.Expand(macro)
+            # Since expansions are line oriented, strip trailing whitespace
+            # from the lines.
+            lines = [x.rstrip() for x in expand_result.split('\n')]
+            result.append('\n'.join(lines))
+          except PDDMError as e:
+            raise PDDMError('%s\n...while expanding "%s" from the section'
+                            ' that started:\n   Line %d: %s' %
+                            (e.message, macro,
+                             self.first_line_num, self.first_line))
+
+      # Add the ending marker.
+      if len(captured_lines) == 1:
+        result.append('//%%PDDM-EXPAND-END %s' %
+                      captured_lines[0][directive_len:].strip())
+      else:
+        result.append('//%%PDDM-EXPAND-END (%s expansions)' %
+                      len(captured_lines))
+
+      return result
+
+  class DefinitionSection(SectionBase):
+    """Section containing macro definitions"""
+
+    def TryAppend(self, line, line_num):
+      if not line.startswith('//%'):
+        return (False, False)
+      if line.startswith('//%PDDM'):
+        directive = line.split(' ', 1)[0]
+        if directive == "//%PDDM-EXPAND":
+          return False, False
+        if directive not in ('//%PDDM-DEFINE', '//%PDDM-DEFINE-END'):
+          raise PDDMError('Ran into directive ("%s", line %d) while in "%s".' %
+                          (directive, line_num, self.first_line))
+      self.Append(line)
+      return (True, True)
+
+    def BindMacroCollection(self, macro_collection):
+      if macro_collection:
+        try:
+          # Parse the lines after stripping the prefix.
+          macro_collection.ParseLines([x[3:] for x in self.lines])
+        except PDDMError as e:
+          raise PDDMError('%s\n...while parsing section that started:\n'
+                          '  Line %d: %s' %
+                          (e.message, self.first_line_num, self.first_line))
+
+  class ImportDefinesSection(SectionBase):
+    """Section containing an import of PDDM-DEFINES from an external file."""
+
+    def __init__(self, first_line_num, import_resolver):
+      SourceFile.SectionBase.__init__(self, first_line_num)
+      self._import_resolver = import_resolver
+
+    def TryAppend(self, line, line_num):
+      if not line.startswith('//%PDDM-IMPORT-DEFINES '):
+        return (False, False)
+      assert self.num_lines_captured == 0
+      self.Append(line)
+      return (True, False)
+
+    def BindMacroCollection(self, macro_colletion):
+      if not macro_colletion:
+        return
+      if self._import_resolver is None:
+        raise PDDMError('Got an IMPORT-DEFINES without a resolver (line %d):'
+                        ' "%s".' % (self.first_line_num, self.first_line))
+      import_name = self.first_line.split(' ', 1)[1].strip()
+      imported_file = self._import_resolver(import_name)
+      if imported_file is None:
+        raise PDDMError('Resolver failed to find "%s" (line %d):'
+                        ' "%s".' %
+                        (import_name, self.first_line_num, self.first_line))
+      try:
+        imported_src_file = SourceFile(imported_file, self._import_resolver)
+        imported_src_file._ParseFile()
+        for section in imported_src_file._sections:
+          section.BindMacroCollection(macro_colletion)
+      except PDDMError as e:
+        raise PDDMError('%s\n...while importing defines:\n'
+                        '  Line %d: %s' %
+                        (e.message, self.first_line_num, self.first_line))
+
+  def _ParseFile(self):
+    self._sections = []
+    lines = self._original_content.splitlines()
+    cur_section = None
+    for line_num, line in enumerate(lines, 1):
+      if not cur_section:
+        cur_section = self._MakeSection(line, line_num)
+      was_added, accept_more = cur_section.TryAppend(line, line_num)
+      if not was_added:
+        cur_section = self._MakeSection(line, line_num)
+        was_added, accept_more = cur_section.TryAppend(line, line_num)
+        assert was_added
+      if not accept_more:
+        cur_section = None
+
+    if cur_section:
+      cur_section.HitEOF()
+
+  def _MakeSection(self, line, line_num):
+    if not line.startswith('//%PDDM'):
+      section = self.TextSection(line_num)
+    else:
+      directive = line.split(' ', 1)[0]
+      if directive == '//%PDDM-EXPAND':
+        section = self.ExpansionSection(line_num)
+      elif directive == '//%PDDM-DEFINE':
+        section = self.DefinitionSection(line_num)
+      elif directive == '//%PDDM-IMPORT-DEFINES':
+        section = self.ImportDefinesSection(line_num, self._import_resolver)
+      else:
+        raise PDDMError('Unexpected line %d: "%s".' % (line_num, line))
+    self._sections.append(section)
+    return section
+
+  def ProcessContent(self, strip_expansion=False):
+    """Processes the file contents."""
+    self._ParseFile()
+    if strip_expansion:
+      # Without a collection the expansions become blank, removing them.
+      collection = None
+    else:
+      collection = MacroCollection()
+    for section in self._sections:
+      section.BindMacroCollection(collection)
+    result = ''
+    for section in self._sections:
+      result += section.text
+    self._processed_content = result
+
+  @property
+  def original_content(self):
+    return self._original_content
+
+  @property
+  def processed_content(self):
+    return self._processed_content
+
+
+def main(args):
+  usage = '%prog [OPTIONS] PATH ...'
+  description = (
+      'Processes PDDM directives in the given paths and write them back out.'
+  )
+  parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage=usage, description=description)
+  parser.add_option('--dry-run',
+                    default=False, action='store_true',
+                    help='Don\'t write back to the file(s), just report if the'
+                    ' contents needs an update and exit with a value of 1.')
+  parser.add_option('--verbose',
+                    default=False, action='store_true',
+                    help='Reports is a file is already current.')
+  parser.add_option('--collapse',
+                    default=False, action='store_true',
+                    help='Removes all the generated code.')
+  opts, extra_args = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+  if not extra_args:
+    parser.error('Need atleast one file to process')
+
+  result = 0
+  for a_path in extra_args:
+    if not os.path.exists(a_path):
+      sys.stderr.write('ERROR: File not found: %s\n' % a_path)
+      return 100
+
+    def _ImportResolver(name):
+      # resolve based on the file being read.
+      a_dir = os.path.dirname(a_path)
+      import_path = os.path.join(a_dir, name)
+      if not os.path.exists(import_path):
+        return None
+      return open(import_path, 'r')
+
+    with open(a_path, 'r') as f:
+      src_file = SourceFile(f, _ImportResolver)
+
+    try:
+      src_file.ProcessContent(strip_expansion=opts.collapse)
+    except PDDMError as e:
+      sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\n...While processing "%s"\n' %
+                       (e.message, a_path))
+      return 101
+
+    if src_file.processed_content != src_file.original_content:
+      if not opts.dry_run:
+        print('Updating for "%s".' % a_path)
+        with open(a_path, 'w') as f:
+          f.write(src_file.processed_content)
+      else:
+        # Special result to indicate things need updating.
+        print('Update needed for "%s".' % a_path)
+        result = 1
+    elif opts.verbose:
+      print('No update for "%s".' % a_path)
+
+  return result
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  sys.exit(main(sys.argv[1:]))
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/pddm_tests.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/pddm_tests.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9ac6a8550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/DevTools/pddm_tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
+#! /usr/bin/python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests for pddm.py."""
+
+import io
+import unittest
+
+import pddm
+
+
+class TestParsingMacros(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testParseEmpty(self):
+    f = io.StringIO(u'')
+    result = pddm.MacroCollection(f)
+    self.assertEqual(len(result._macros), 0)
+
+  def testParseOne(self):
+    f = io.StringIO(u"""PDDM-DEFINE foo( )
+body""")
+    result = pddm.MacroCollection(f)
+    self.assertEqual(len(result._macros), 1)
+    macro = result._macros.get('foo')
+    self.assertIsNotNone(macro)
+    self.assertEquals(macro.name, 'foo')
+    self.assertEquals(macro.args, tuple())
+    self.assertEquals(macro.body, 'body')
+
+  def testParseGeneral(self):
+    # Tests multiple defines, spaces in all places, etc.
+    f = io.StringIO(u"""
+PDDM-DEFINE noArgs( )
+body1
+body2
+
+PDDM-DEFINE-END
+
+PDDM-DEFINE oneArg(foo)
+body3
+PDDM-DEFINE  twoArgs( bar_ , baz )
+body4
+body5""")
+    result = pddm.MacroCollection(f)
+    self.assertEqual(len(result._macros), 3)
+    macro = result._macros.get('noArgs')
+    self.assertIsNotNone(macro)
+    self.assertEquals(macro.name, 'noArgs')
+    self.assertEquals(macro.args, tuple())
+    self.assertEquals(macro.body, 'body1\nbody2\n')
+    macro = result._macros.get('oneArg')
+    self.assertIsNotNone(macro)
+    self.assertEquals(macro.name, 'oneArg')
+    self.assertEquals(macro.args, ('foo',))
+    self.assertEquals(macro.body, 'body3')
+    macro = result._macros.get('twoArgs')
+    self.assertIsNotNone(macro)
+    self.assertEquals(macro.name, 'twoArgs')
+    self.assertEquals(macro.args, ('bar_', 'baz'))
+    self.assertEquals(macro.body, 'body4\nbody5')
+    # Add into existing collection
+    f = io.StringIO(u"""
+PDDM-DEFINE another(a,b,c)
+body1
+body2""")
+    result.ParseInput(f)
+    self.assertEqual(len(result._macros), 4)
+    macro = result._macros.get('another')
+    self.assertIsNotNone(macro)
+    self.assertEquals(macro.name, 'another')
+    self.assertEquals(macro.args, ('a', 'b', 'c'))
+    self.assertEquals(macro.body, 'body1\nbody2')
+
+  def testParseDirectiveIssues(self):
+    test_list = [
+      # Unknown directive
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo()\nbody\nPDDM-DEFINED foo\nbaz',
+       'Hit a line with an unknown directive: '),
+      # End without begin
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo()\nbody\nPDDM-DEFINE-END\nPDDM-DEFINE-END\n',
+       'Got DEFINE-END directive without an active macro: '),
+      # Line not in macro block
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo()\nbody\nPDDM-DEFINE-END\nmumble\n',
+       'Hit a line that wasn\'t a directive and no open macro definition: '),
+      # Redefine macro
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo()\nbody\nPDDM-DEFINE foo(a)\nmumble\n',
+       'Attempt to redefine macro: '),
+    ]
+    for idx, (input_str, expected_prefix) in enumerate(test_list, 1):
+      f = io.StringIO(input_str)
+      try:
+        result = pddm.MacroCollection(f)
+        self.fail('Should throw exception, entry %d' % idx)
+      except pddm.PDDMError as e:
+        self.assertTrue(e.message.startswith(expected_prefix),
+                        'Entry %d failed: %r' % (idx, e))
+
+  def testParseBeginIssues(self):
+    test_list = [
+      # 1. No name
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE\nmumble',
+       'Failed to parse macro definition: '),
+      # 2. No name (with spaces)
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE  \nmumble',
+       'Failed to parse macro definition: '),
+      # 3. No open paren
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE  foo\nmumble',
+       'Failed to parse macro definition: '),
+      # 4. No close paren
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo(\nmumble',
+       'Failed to parse macro definition: '),
+      # 5. No close paren (with args)
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo(a, b\nmumble',
+       'Failed to parse macro definition: '),
+      # 6. No name before args
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE  (a, b)\nmumble',
+       'Failed to parse macro definition: '),
+      # 7. No name before args
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo bar(a, b)\nmumble',
+       'Failed to parse macro definition: '),
+      # 8. Empty arg name
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo(a, ,b)\nmumble',
+       'Empty arg name in macro definition: '),
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo(a,,b)\nmumble',
+       'Empty arg name in macro definition: '),
+      # 10. Duplicate name
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo(a,b,a,c)\nmumble',
+       'Arg name "a" used more than once in macro definition: '),
+      # 11. Invalid arg name
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo(a b,c)\nmumble',
+       'Invalid arg name "a b" in macro definition: '),
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo(a.b,c)\nmumble',
+       'Invalid arg name "a.b" in macro definition: '),
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo(a-b,c)\nmumble',
+       'Invalid arg name "a-b" in macro definition: '),
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo(a,b,c.)\nmumble',
+       'Invalid arg name "c." in macro definition: '),
+      # 15. Extra stuff after the name
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo(a,c) foo\nmumble',
+       'Failed to parse macro definition: '),
+      (u'PDDM-DEFINE foo(a,c) foo)\nmumble',
+       'Failed to parse macro definition: '),
+    ]
+    for idx, (input_str, expected_prefix) in enumerate(test_list, 1):
+      f = io.StringIO(input_str)
+      try:
+        result = pddm.MacroCollection(f)
+        self.fail('Should throw exception, entry %d' % idx)
+      except pddm.PDDMError as e:
+        self.assertTrue(e.message.startswith(expected_prefix),
+                        'Entry %d failed: %r' % (idx, e))
+
+
+class TestExpandingMacros(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testExpandBasics(self):
+    f = io.StringIO(u"""
+PDDM-DEFINE noArgs( )
+body1
+body2
+
+PDDM-DEFINE-END
+
+PDDM-DEFINE oneArg(a)
+body3 a
+
+PDDM-DEFINE-END
+
+PDDM-DEFINE twoArgs(b,c)
+body4 b c
+body5
+PDDM-DEFINE-END
+
+""")
+    mc = pddm.MacroCollection(f)
+    test_list = [
+      (u'noArgs()',
+       'body1\nbody2\n'),
+      (u'oneArg(wee)',
+       'body3 wee\n'),
+      (u'twoArgs(having some, fun)',
+       'body4 having some fun\nbody5'),
+      # One arg, pass empty.
+      (u'oneArg()',
+       'body3 \n'),
+      # Two args, gets empty in each slot.
+      (u'twoArgs(, empty)',
+       'body4  empty\nbody5'),
+      (u'twoArgs(empty, )',
+       'body4 empty \nbody5'),
+      (u'twoArgs(, )',
+       'body4  \nbody5'),
+    ]
+    for idx, (input_str, expected) in enumerate(test_list, 1):
+      result = mc.Expand(input_str)
+      self.assertEqual(result, expected,
+                       'Entry %d --\n       Result: %r\n     Expected: %r' %
+                       (idx, result, expected))
+
+  def testExpandArgOptions(self):
+    f = io.StringIO(u"""
+PDDM-DEFINE bar(a)
+a-a$S-a$l-a$L-a$u-a$U
+PDDM-DEFINE-END
+""")
+    mc = pddm.MacroCollection(f)
+
+    self.assertEqual(mc.Expand('bar(xYz)'), 'xYz-   -xYz-xyz-XYz-XYZ')
+    self.assertEqual(mc.Expand('bar(MnoP)'), 'MnoP-    -mnoP-mnop-MnoP-MNOP')
+    # Test empty
+    self.assertEqual(mc.Expand('bar()'), '-----')
+
+  def testExpandSimpleMacroErrors(self):
+    f = io.StringIO(u"""
+PDDM-DEFINE foo(a, b)
+<a-z>
+PDDM-DEFINE baz(a)
+a - a$z
+""")
+    mc = pddm.MacroCollection(f)
+    test_list = [
+      # 1. Unknown macro
+      (u'bar()',
+       'No macro named "bar".'),
+      (u'bar(a)',
+       'No macro named "bar".'),
+      # 3. Arg mismatch
+      (u'foo()',
+       'Expected 2 args, got: "foo()".'),
+      (u'foo(a b)',
+       'Expected 2 args, got: "foo(a b)".'),
+      (u'foo(a,b,c)',
+       'Expected 2 args, got: "foo(a,b,c)".'),
+      # 6. Unknown option in expansion
+      (u'baz(mumble)',
+       'Unknown arg option "a$z" while expanding "baz(mumble)".'),
+    ]
+    for idx, (input_str, expected_err) in enumerate(test_list, 1):
+      try:
+        result = mc.Expand(input_str)
+        self.fail('Should throw exception, entry %d' % idx)
+      except pddm.PDDMError as e:
+        self.assertEqual(e.message, expected_err,
+                        'Entry %d failed: %r' % (idx, e))
+
+  def testExpandReferences(self):
+    f = io.StringIO(u"""
+PDDM-DEFINE StartIt()
+foo(abc, def)
+foo(ghi, jkl)
+PDDM-DEFINE foo(a, b)
+bar(a, int)
+bar(b, NSString *)
+PDDM-DEFINE bar(n, t)
+- (t)n;
+- (void)set##n$u##:(t)value;
+
+""")
+    mc = pddm.MacroCollection(f)
+    expected = """- (int)abc;
+- (void)setAbc:(int)value;
+
+- (NSString *)def;
+- (void)setDef:(NSString *)value;
+
+- (int)ghi;
+- (void)setGhi:(int)value;
+
+- (NSString *)jkl;
+- (void)setJkl:(NSString *)value;
+"""
+    self.assertEqual(mc.Expand('StartIt()'), expected)
+
+  def testCatchRecursion(self):
+    f = io.StringIO(u"""
+PDDM-DEFINE foo(a, b)
+bar(1, a)
+bar(2, b)
+PDDM-DEFINE bar(x, y)
+foo(x, y)
+""")
+    mc = pddm.MacroCollection(f)
+    try:
+      result = mc.Expand('foo(A,B)')
+      self.fail('Should throw exception! Test failed to catch recursion.')
+    except pddm.PDDMError as e:
+      self.assertEqual(e.message,
+                       'Found macro recusion, invoking "foo(1, A)":\n...while expanding "bar(1, A)".\n...while expanding "foo(A,B)".')
+
+
+class TestParsingSource(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testBasicParse(self):
+    test_list = [
+      # 1. no directives
+      (u'a\nb\nc',
+       (3,) ),
+      # 2. One define
+      (u'a\n//%PDDM-DEFINE foo()\n//%body\nc',
+       (1, 2, 1) ),
+      # 3. Two defines
+      (u'a\n//%PDDM-DEFINE foo()\n//%body\n//%PDDM-DEFINE bar()\n//%body2\nc',
+       (1, 4, 1) ),
+      # 4. Two defines with ends
+      (u'a\n//%PDDM-DEFINE foo()\n//%body\n//%PDDM-DEFINE-END\n'
+       u'//%PDDM-DEFINE bar()\n//%body2\n//%PDDM-DEFINE-END\nc',
+       (1, 6, 1) ),
+      # 5. One expand, one define (that runs to end of file)
+      (u'a\n//%PDDM-EXPAND foo()\nbody\n//%PDDM-EXPAND-END\n'
+       u'//%PDDM-DEFINE bar()\n//%body2\n',
+       (1, 1, 2) ),
+      # 6. One define ended with an expand.
+      (u'a\nb\n//%PDDM-DEFINE bar()\n//%body2\n'
+       u'//%PDDM-EXPAND bar()\nbody2\n//%PDDM-EXPAND-END\n',
+       (2, 2, 1) ),
+      # 7. Two expands (one end), one define.
+      (u'a\n//%PDDM-EXPAND foo(1)\nbody\n//%PDDM-EXPAND foo(2)\nbody2\n//%PDDM-EXPAND-END\n'
+       u'//%PDDM-DEFINE foo()\n//%body2\n',
+       (1, 2, 2) ),
+    ]
+    for idx, (input_str, line_counts) in enumerate(test_list, 1):
+      f = io.StringIO(input_str)
+      sf = pddm.SourceFile(f)
+      sf._ParseFile()
+      self.assertEqual(len(sf._sections), len(line_counts),
+                       'Entry %d -- %d != %d' %
+                       (idx, len(sf._sections), len(line_counts)))
+      for idx2, (sec, expected) in enumerate(zip(sf._sections, line_counts), 1):
+        self.assertEqual(sec.num_lines_captured, expected,
+                         'Entry %d, section %d -- %d != %d' %
+                         (idx, idx2, sec.num_lines_captured, expected))
+
+  def testErrors(self):
+    test_list = [
+      # 1. Directive within expansion
+      (u'//%PDDM-EXPAND a()\n//%PDDM-BOGUS',
+       'Ran into directive ("//%PDDM-BOGUS", line 2) while in "//%PDDM-EXPAND a()".'),
+      (u'//%PDDM-EXPAND a()\n//%PDDM-DEFINE a()\n//%body\n',
+       'Ran into directive ("//%PDDM-DEFINE", line 2) while in "//%PDDM-EXPAND a()".'),
+      # 3. Expansion ran off end of file
+      (u'//%PDDM-EXPAND a()\na\nb\n',
+       'Hit the end of the file while in "//%PDDM-EXPAND a()".'),
+      # 4. Directive within define
+      (u'//%PDDM-DEFINE a()\n//%body\n//%PDDM-BOGUS',
+       'Ran into directive ("//%PDDM-BOGUS", line 3) while in "//%PDDM-DEFINE a()".'),
+      (u'//%PDDM-DEFINE a()\n//%body\n//%PDDM-EXPAND-END a()',
+       'Ran into directive ("//%PDDM-EXPAND-END", line 3) while in "//%PDDM-DEFINE a()".'),
+      # 6. Directives that shouldn't start sections
+      (u'a\n//%PDDM-DEFINE-END a()\n//a\n',
+       'Unexpected line 2: "//%PDDM-DEFINE-END a()".'),
+      (u'a\n//%PDDM-EXPAND-END a()\n//a\n',
+       'Unexpected line 2: "//%PDDM-EXPAND-END a()".'),
+      (u'//%PDDM-BOGUS\n//a\n',
+       'Unexpected line 1: "//%PDDM-BOGUS".'),
+    ]
+    for idx, (input_str, expected_err) in enumerate(test_list, 1):
+      f = io.StringIO(input_str)
+      try:
+        pddm.SourceFile(f)._ParseFile()
+        self.fail('Should throw exception, entry %d' % idx)
+      except pddm.PDDMError as e:
+        self.assertEqual(e.message, expected_err,
+                        'Entry %d failed: %r' % (idx, e))
+
+class TestProcessingSource(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testBasics(self):
+    input_str = u"""
+//%PDDM-IMPORT-DEFINES ImportFile
+foo
+//%PDDM-EXPAND mumble(abc)
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END
+bar
+//%PDDM-EXPAND mumble(def)
+//%PDDM-EXPAND mumble(ghi)
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END
+baz
+//%PDDM-DEFINE mumble(a_)
+//%a_: getName(a_)
+"""
+    input_str2 = u"""
+//%PDDM-DEFINE getName(x_)
+//%do##x_$u##(int x_);
+
+"""
+    expected = u"""
+//%PDDM-IMPORT-DEFINES ImportFile
+foo
+//%PDDM-EXPAND mumble(abc)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+abc: doAbc(int abc);
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END mumble(abc)
+bar
+//%PDDM-EXPAND mumble(def)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+def: doDef(int def);
+//%PDDM-EXPAND mumble(ghi)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+ghi: doGhi(int ghi);
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (2 expansions)
+baz
+//%PDDM-DEFINE mumble(a_)
+//%a_: getName(a_)
+"""
+    expected_stripped = u"""
+//%PDDM-IMPORT-DEFINES ImportFile
+foo
+//%PDDM-EXPAND mumble(abc)
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END mumble(abc)
+bar
+//%PDDM-EXPAND mumble(def)
+//%PDDM-EXPAND mumble(ghi)
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (2 expansions)
+baz
+//%PDDM-DEFINE mumble(a_)
+//%a_: getName(a_)
+"""
+    def _Resolver(name):
+      self.assertEqual(name, 'ImportFile')
+      return io.StringIO(input_str2)
+    f = io.StringIO(input_str)
+    sf = pddm.SourceFile(f, _Resolver)
+    sf.ProcessContent()
+    self.assertEqual(sf.processed_content, expected)
+    # Feed it through and nothing should change.
+    f2 = io.StringIO(sf.processed_content)
+    sf2 = pddm.SourceFile(f2, _Resolver)
+    sf2.ProcessContent()
+    self.assertEqual(sf2.processed_content, expected)
+    self.assertEqual(sf2.processed_content, sf.processed_content)
+    # Test stripping (with the original input and expanded version).
+    f2 = io.StringIO(input_str)
+    sf2 = pddm.SourceFile(f2)
+    sf2.ProcessContent(strip_expansion=True)
+    self.assertEqual(sf2.processed_content, expected_stripped)
+    f2 = io.StringIO(sf.processed_content)
+    sf2 = pddm.SourceFile(f2, _Resolver)
+    sf2.ProcessContent(strip_expansion=True)
+    self.assertEqual(sf2.processed_content, expected_stripped)
+
+  def testProcessFileWithMacroParseError(self):
+    input_str = u"""
+foo
+//%PDDM-DEFINE mumble(a_)
+//%body
+//%PDDM-DEFINE mumble(x_)
+//%body2
+
+"""
+    f = io.StringIO(input_str)
+    sf = pddm.SourceFile(f)
+    try:
+      sf.ProcessContent()
+      self.fail('Should throw exception! Test failed to catch macro parsing error.')
+    except pddm.PDDMError as e:
+      self.assertEqual(e.message,
+                       'Attempt to redefine macro: "PDDM-DEFINE mumble(x_)"\n'
+                       '...while parsing section that started:\n'
+                       '  Line 3: //%PDDM-DEFINE mumble(a_)')
+
+  def testProcessFileWithExpandError(self):
+    input_str = u"""
+foo
+//%PDDM-DEFINE mumble(a_)
+//%body
+//%PDDM-EXPAND foobar(x_)
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END
+
+"""
+    f = io.StringIO(input_str)
+    sf = pddm.SourceFile(f)
+    try:
+      sf.ProcessContent()
+      self.fail('Should throw exception! Test failed to catch expand error.')
+    except pddm.PDDMError as e:
+      self.assertEqual(e.message,
+                       'No macro named "foobar".\n'
+                       '...while expanding "foobar(x_)" from the section that'
+                       ' started:\n   Line 5: //%PDDM-EXPAND foobar(x_)')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBArray.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBArray.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d22cb817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBArray.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1967 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import "GPBRuntimeTypes.h"
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DECLARE_ARRAYS()
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Int32
+
+/**
+ * Class used for repeated fields of int32_t values. This performs better than
+ * boxing into NSNumbers in NSArrays.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt32Array : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** The number of elements contained in the array. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly instanced and empty GPBInt32Array.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBInt32Array with the single element given.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to be placed in the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBInt32Array with value in it.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(int32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBInt32Array with the contents of the given
+ * array.
+ *
+ * @param array Array with the contents to be put into the new array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBInt32Array with the contents of array.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBInt32Array *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBInt32Array with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBInt32Array with a capacity of count.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly initialized and empty GPBInt32Array.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)init NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param values An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to copy into the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBInt32Array with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const int32_t [__nullable])values
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param array An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBInt32Array with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBInt32Array *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBInt32Array with a capacity of count.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to get.
+ *
+ * @return The value at the given index.
+ **/
+- (int32_t)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param opts  Options to control the enumeration.
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds a value to this array.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValue:(int32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Adds values to this array.
+ *
+ * @param values The values to add to this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addValues:(const int32_t [__nullable])values count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the values from the given array to this array.
+ *
+ * @param array The array containing the elements to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPBInt32Array *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Inserts a value into the given position.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ * @param index The index into which to insert the value.
+ **/
+- (void)insertValue:(int32_t)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Replaces the value at the given index with the given value.
+ *
+ * @param index The index for which to replace the value.
+ * @param value The value to replace with.
+ **/
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(int32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to remove.
+ **/
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all the values from this array.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+/**
+ * Exchanges the values between the given indexes.
+ *
+ * @param idx1 The index of the first element to exchange.
+ * @param idx2 The index of the second element to exchange.
+ **/
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32
+
+/**
+ * Class used for repeated fields of uint32_t values. This performs better than
+ * boxing into NSNumbers in NSArrays.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt32Array : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** The number of elements contained in the array. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly instanced and empty GPBUInt32Array.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBUInt32Array with the single element given.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to be placed in the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBUInt32Array with value in it.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(uint32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBUInt32Array with the contents of the given
+ * array.
+ *
+ * @param array Array with the contents to be put into the new array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBUInt32Array with the contents of array.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBUInt32Array *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBUInt32Array with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBUInt32Array with a capacity of count.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly initialized and empty GPBUInt32Array.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)init NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param values An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to copy into the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBUInt32Array with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const uint32_t [__nullable])values
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param array An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBUInt32Array with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBUInt32Array *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBUInt32Array with a capacity of count.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to get.
+ *
+ * @return The value at the given index.
+ **/
+- (uint32_t)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param opts  Options to control the enumeration.
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds a value to this array.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValue:(uint32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Adds values to this array.
+ *
+ * @param values The values to add to this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addValues:(const uint32_t [__nullable])values count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the values from the given array to this array.
+ *
+ * @param array The array containing the elements to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPBUInt32Array *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Inserts a value into the given position.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ * @param index The index into which to insert the value.
+ **/
+- (void)insertValue:(uint32_t)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Replaces the value at the given index with the given value.
+ *
+ * @param index The index for which to replace the value.
+ * @param value The value to replace with.
+ **/
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(uint32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to remove.
+ **/
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all the values from this array.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+/**
+ * Exchanges the values between the given indexes.
+ *
+ * @param idx1 The index of the first element to exchange.
+ * @param idx2 The index of the second element to exchange.
+ **/
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64
+
+/**
+ * Class used for repeated fields of int64_t values. This performs better than
+ * boxing into NSNumbers in NSArrays.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt64Array : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** The number of elements contained in the array. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly instanced and empty GPBInt64Array.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBInt64Array with the single element given.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to be placed in the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBInt64Array with value in it.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(int64_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBInt64Array with the contents of the given
+ * array.
+ *
+ * @param array Array with the contents to be put into the new array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBInt64Array with the contents of array.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBInt64Array *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBInt64Array with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBInt64Array with a capacity of count.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly initialized and empty GPBInt64Array.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)init NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param values An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to copy into the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBInt64Array with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const int64_t [__nullable])values
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param array An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBInt64Array with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBInt64Array *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBInt64Array with a capacity of count.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to get.
+ *
+ * @return The value at the given index.
+ **/
+- (int64_t)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param opts  Options to control the enumeration.
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds a value to this array.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValue:(int64_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Adds values to this array.
+ *
+ * @param values The values to add to this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addValues:(const int64_t [__nullable])values count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the values from the given array to this array.
+ *
+ * @param array The array containing the elements to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPBInt64Array *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Inserts a value into the given position.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ * @param index The index into which to insert the value.
+ **/
+- (void)insertValue:(int64_t)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Replaces the value at the given index with the given value.
+ *
+ * @param index The index for which to replace the value.
+ * @param value The value to replace with.
+ **/
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(int64_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to remove.
+ **/
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all the values from this array.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+/**
+ * Exchanges the values between the given indexes.
+ *
+ * @param idx1 The index of the first element to exchange.
+ * @param idx2 The index of the second element to exchange.
+ **/
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64
+
+/**
+ * Class used for repeated fields of uint64_t values. This performs better than
+ * boxing into NSNumbers in NSArrays.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt64Array : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** The number of elements contained in the array. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly instanced and empty GPBUInt64Array.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBUInt64Array with the single element given.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to be placed in the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBUInt64Array with value in it.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(uint64_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBUInt64Array with the contents of the given
+ * array.
+ *
+ * @param array Array with the contents to be put into the new array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBUInt64Array with the contents of array.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBUInt64Array *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBUInt64Array with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBUInt64Array with a capacity of count.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly initialized and empty GPBUInt64Array.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)init NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param values An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to copy into the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBUInt64Array with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const uint64_t [__nullable])values
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param array An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBUInt64Array with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBUInt64Array *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBUInt64Array with a capacity of count.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to get.
+ *
+ * @return The value at the given index.
+ **/
+- (uint64_t)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param opts  Options to control the enumeration.
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds a value to this array.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValue:(uint64_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Adds values to this array.
+ *
+ * @param values The values to add to this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addValues:(const uint64_t [__nullable])values count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the values from the given array to this array.
+ *
+ * @param array The array containing the elements to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPBUInt64Array *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Inserts a value into the given position.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ * @param index The index into which to insert the value.
+ **/
+- (void)insertValue:(uint64_t)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Replaces the value at the given index with the given value.
+ *
+ * @param index The index for which to replace the value.
+ * @param value The value to replace with.
+ **/
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(uint64_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to remove.
+ **/
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all the values from this array.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+/**
+ * Exchanges the values between the given indexes.
+ *
+ * @param idx1 The index of the first element to exchange.
+ * @param idx2 The index of the second element to exchange.
+ **/
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Float
+
+/**
+ * Class used for repeated fields of float values. This performs better than
+ * boxing into NSNumbers in NSArrays.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBFloatArray : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** The number of elements contained in the array. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly instanced and empty GPBFloatArray.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBFloatArray with the single element given.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to be placed in the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBFloatArray with value in it.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(float)value;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBFloatArray with the contents of the given
+ * array.
+ *
+ * @param array Array with the contents to be put into the new array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBFloatArray with the contents of array.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBFloatArray *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBFloatArray with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBFloatArray with a capacity of count.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly initialized and empty GPBFloatArray.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)init NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param values An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to copy into the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBFloatArray with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const float [__nullable])values
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param array An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBFloatArray with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBFloatArray *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBFloatArray with a capacity of count.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to get.
+ *
+ * @return The value at the given index.
+ **/
+- (float)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param opts  Options to control the enumeration.
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds a value to this array.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValue:(float)value;
+
+/**
+ * Adds values to this array.
+ *
+ * @param values The values to add to this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addValues:(const float [__nullable])values count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the values from the given array to this array.
+ *
+ * @param array The array containing the elements to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPBFloatArray *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Inserts a value into the given position.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ * @param index The index into which to insert the value.
+ **/
+- (void)insertValue:(float)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Replaces the value at the given index with the given value.
+ *
+ * @param index The index for which to replace the value.
+ * @param value The value to replace with.
+ **/
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(float)value;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to remove.
+ **/
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all the values from this array.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+/**
+ * Exchanges the values between the given indexes.
+ *
+ * @param idx1 The index of the first element to exchange.
+ * @param idx2 The index of the second element to exchange.
+ **/
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Double
+
+/**
+ * Class used for repeated fields of double values. This performs better than
+ * boxing into NSNumbers in NSArrays.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBDoubleArray : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** The number of elements contained in the array. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly instanced and empty GPBDoubleArray.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBDoubleArray with the single element given.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to be placed in the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBDoubleArray with value in it.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(double)value;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBDoubleArray with the contents of the given
+ * array.
+ *
+ * @param array Array with the contents to be put into the new array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBDoubleArray with the contents of array.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBDoubleArray *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBDoubleArray with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBDoubleArray with a capacity of count.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly initialized and empty GPBDoubleArray.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)init NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param values An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to copy into the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBDoubleArray with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const double [__nullable])values
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param array An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBDoubleArray with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBDoubleArray *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBDoubleArray with a capacity of count.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to get.
+ *
+ * @return The value at the given index.
+ **/
+- (double)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param opts  Options to control the enumeration.
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds a value to this array.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValue:(double)value;
+
+/**
+ * Adds values to this array.
+ *
+ * @param values The values to add to this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addValues:(const double [__nullable])values count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the values from the given array to this array.
+ *
+ * @param array The array containing the elements to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPBDoubleArray *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Inserts a value into the given position.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ * @param index The index into which to insert the value.
+ **/
+- (void)insertValue:(double)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Replaces the value at the given index with the given value.
+ *
+ * @param index The index for which to replace the value.
+ * @param value The value to replace with.
+ **/
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(double)value;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to remove.
+ **/
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all the values from this array.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+/**
+ * Exchanges the values between the given indexes.
+ *
+ * @param idx1 The index of the first element to exchange.
+ * @param idx2 The index of the second element to exchange.
+ **/
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Bool
+
+/**
+ * Class used for repeated fields of BOOL values. This performs better than
+ * boxing into NSNumbers in NSArrays.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBBoolArray : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** The number of elements contained in the array. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly instanced and empty GPBBoolArray.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBBoolArray with the single element given.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to be placed in the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBBoolArray with value in it.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(BOOL)value;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBBoolArray with the contents of the given
+ * array.
+ *
+ * @param array Array with the contents to be put into the new array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBBoolArray with the contents of array.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBBoolArray *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBBoolArray with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBBoolArray with a capacity of count.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly initialized and empty GPBBoolArray.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)init NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param values An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to copy into the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBBoolArray with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const BOOL [__nullable])values
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param array An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBBoolArray with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBBoolArray *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBBoolArray with a capacity of count.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to get.
+ *
+ * @return The value at the given index.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param opts  Options to control the enumeration.
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds a value to this array.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValue:(BOOL)value;
+
+/**
+ * Adds values to this array.
+ *
+ * @param values The values to add to this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addValues:(const BOOL [__nullable])values count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the values from the given array to this array.
+ *
+ * @param array The array containing the elements to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPBBoolArray *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Inserts a value into the given position.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ * @param index The index into which to insert the value.
+ **/
+- (void)insertValue:(BOOL)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Replaces the value at the given index with the given value.
+ *
+ * @param index The index for which to replace the value.
+ * @param value The value to replace with.
+ **/
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(BOOL)value;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to remove.
+ **/
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all the values from this array.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+/**
+ * Exchanges the values between the given indexes.
+ *
+ * @param idx1 The index of the first element to exchange.
+ * @param idx2 The index of the second element to exchange.
+ **/
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Enum
+
+/**
+ * This class is used for repeated fields of int32_t values. This performs
+ * better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSArrays.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBEnumArray : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** The number of elements contained in the array. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+/** The validation function to check if the enums are valid. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBEnumValidationFunc validationFunc;
+
+/**
+ * @return A newly instanced and empty GPBEnumArray.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBEnumArray with the enum validation function
+ * given.
+ *
+ * @param func The enum validation function for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBEnumArray.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBEnumArray with the enum validation function
+ * given and the single raw value given.
+ *
+ * @param func  The enum validation function for the array.
+ * @param value The raw value to add to this array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBEnumArray.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                   rawValue:(int32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBEnumArray that adds the elements from the
+ * given array.
+ *
+ * @param array Array containing the values to add to the new array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBEnumArray.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBEnumArray *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Creates and initializes a GPBEnumArray with the given enum validation
+ * function and with the givencapacity.
+ *
+ * @param func  The enum validation function for the array.
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBEnumArray with a capacity of count.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                   capacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array with the given enum validation function.
+ *
+ * @param func The enum validation function for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBEnumArray with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+    NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param func   The enum validation function for the array.
+ * @param values An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to copy into the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBEnumArray with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                 rawValues:(const int32_t [__nullable])values
+                                     count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+ *
+ * @param array An array with the values to put inside this array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBEnumArray with a copy of the values.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBEnumArray *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the array with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param func  The enum validation function for the array.
+ * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBEnumArray with a capacity of count.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+// These will return kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue if the value at index is not a
+// valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc. If the actual value is
+// desired, use "raw" version of the method.
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to get.
+ *
+ * @return The value at the given index.
+ **/
+- (int32_t)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param opts  Options to control the enumeration.
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+// These methods bypass the validationFunc to provide access to values that were not
+// known at the time the binary was compiled.
+
+/**
+ * Gets the raw enum value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the raw enum value to get.
+ *
+ * @return The raw enum value at the given index.
+ **/
+- (int32_t)rawValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateRawValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param opts  Options to control the enumeration.
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+ *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+ *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateRawValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                           usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+// If value is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc, these
+// methods will assert in debug, and will log in release and assign the value
+// to the default value. Use the rawValue methods below to assign non enumerator
+// values.
+
+/**
+ * Adds a value to this array.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addValue:(int32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Adds values to this array.
+ *
+ * @param values The values to add to this array.
+ * @param count  The number of elements to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addValues:(const int32_t [__nullable])values count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+
+/**
+ * Inserts a value into the given position.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add to this array.
+ * @param index The index into which to insert the value.
+ **/
+- (void)insertValue:(int32_t)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Replaces the value at the given index with the given value.
+ *
+ * @param index The index for which to replace the value.
+ * @param value The value to replace with.
+ **/
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(int32_t)value;
+
+// These methods bypass the validationFunc to provide setting of values that were not
+// known at the time the binary was compiled.
+
+/**
+ * Adds a raw enum value to this array.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param value The raw enum value to add to the array.
+ **/
+- (void)addRawValue:(int32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Adds raw enum values to this array.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param array Array containing the raw enum values to add to this array.
+ **/
+- (void)addRawValuesFromArray:(GPBEnumArray *)array;
+
+/**
+ * Adds raw enum values to this array.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param values Array containing the raw enum values to add to this array.
+ * @param count  The number of raw values to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addRawValues:(const int32_t [__nullable])values count:(NSUInteger)count;
+
+/**
+ * Inserts a raw enum value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param value Raw enum value to add.
+ * @param index The index into which to insert the value.
+ **/
+- (void)insertRawValue:(int32_t)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Replaces the raw enum value at the given index with the given value.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param index The index for which to replace the value.
+ * @param value The raw enum value to replace with.
+ **/
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withRawValue:(int32_t)value;
+
+// No validation applies to these methods.
+
+/**
+ * Removes the value at the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index The index of the value to remove.
+ **/
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all the values from this array.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+/**
+ * Exchanges the values between the given indexes.
+ *
+ * @param idx1 The index of the first element to exchange.
+ * @param idx2 The index of the second element to exchange.
+ **/
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2;
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END DECLARE_ARRAYS()
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DECLARE_ARRAYS()
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(Int32, int32_t)
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(UInt32, uint32_t)
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(Int64, int64_t)
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(UInt64, uint64_t)
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(Float, float)
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(Double, double)
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(Bool, BOOL)
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_ENUM(Enum, int32_t)
+
+//
+// The common case (everything but Enum)
+//
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(NAME, TYPE)
+//%#pragma mark - NAME
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Class used for repeated fields of ##TYPE## values. This performs better than
+//% * boxing into NSNumbers in NSArrays.
+//% *
+//% * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+//% **/
+//%@interface GPB##NAME##Array : NSObject <NSCopying>
+//%
+//%/** The number of elements contained in the array. */
+//%@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * @return A newly instanced and empty GPB##NAME##Array.
+//% **/
+//%+ (instancetype)array;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Creates and initializes a GPB##NAME##Array with the single element given.
+//% *
+//% * @param value The value to be placed in the array.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly instanced GPB##NAME##Array with value in it.
+//% **/
+//%+ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(TYPE)value;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Creates and initializes a GPB##NAME##Array with the contents of the given
+//% * array.
+//% *
+//% * @param array Array with the contents to be put into the new array.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly instanced GPB##NAME##Array with the contents of array.
+//% **/
+//%+ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPB##NAME##Array *)array;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Creates and initializes a GPB##NAME##Array with the given capacity.
+//% *
+//% * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly instanced GPB##NAME##Array with a capacity of count.
+//% **/
+//%+ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * @return A newly initialized and empty GPB##NAME##Array.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)init NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+//% *
+//% * @param values An array with the values to put inside this array.
+//% * @param count  The number of elements to copy into the array.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly initialized GPB##NAME##Array with a copy of the values.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const TYPE [__nullable])values
+//%                         count:(NSUInteger)count;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+//% *
+//% * @param array An array with the values to put inside this array.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly initialized GPB##NAME##Array with a copy of the values.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPB##NAME##Array *)array;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Initializes the array with the given capacity.
+//% *
+//% * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly initialized GPB##NAME##Array with a capacity of count.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+//%
+//%ARRAY_IMMUTABLE_INTERFACE(NAME, TYPE, Basic)
+//%
+//%ARRAY_MUTABLE_INTERFACE(NAME, TYPE, Basic)
+//%
+//%@end
+//%
+
+//
+// Macros specific to Enums (to tweak their interface).
+//
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_INTERFACE_ENUM(NAME, TYPE)
+//%#pragma mark - NAME
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * This class is used for repeated fields of ##TYPE## values. This performs
+//% * better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSArrays.
+//% *
+//% * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+//% **/
+//%@interface GPB##NAME##Array : NSObject <NSCopying>
+//%
+//%/** The number of elements contained in the array. */
+//%@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+//%/** The validation function to check if the enums are valid. */
+//%@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBEnumValidationFunc validationFunc;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * @return A newly instanced and empty GPB##NAME##Array.
+//% **/
+//%+ (instancetype)array;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Creates and initializes a GPB##NAME##Array with the enum validation function
+//% * given.
+//% *
+//% * @param func The enum validation function for the array.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly instanced GPB##NAME##Array.
+//% **/
+//%+ (instancetype)arrayWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Creates and initializes a GPB##NAME##Array with the enum validation function
+//% * given and the single raw value given.
+//% *
+//% * @param func  The enum validation function for the array.
+//% * @param value The raw value to add to this array.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly instanced GPB##NAME##Array.
+//% **/
+//%+ (instancetype)arrayWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+//%                                   rawValue:(TYPE)value;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Creates and initializes a GPB##NAME##Array that adds the elements from the
+//% * given array.
+//% *
+//% * @param array Array containing the values to add to the new array.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly instanced GPB##NAME##Array.
+//% **/
+//%+ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPB##NAME##Array *)array;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Creates and initializes a GPB##NAME##Array with the given enum validation
+//% * function and with the givencapacity.
+//% *
+//% * @param func  The enum validation function for the array.
+//% * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly instanced GPB##NAME##Array with a capacity of count.
+//% **/
+//%+ (instancetype)arrayWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+//%                                   capacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Initializes the array with the given enum validation function.
+//% *
+//% * @param func The enum validation function for the array.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly initialized GPB##NAME##Array with a copy of the values.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+//%    NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+//% *
+//% * @param func   The enum validation function for the array.
+//% * @param values An array with the values to put inside this array.
+//% * @param count  The number of elements to copy into the array.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly initialized GPB##NAME##Array with a copy of the values.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+//%                                 rawValues:(const TYPE [__nullable])values
+//%                                     count:(NSUInteger)count;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Initializes the array, copying the given values.
+//% *
+//% * @param array An array with the values to put inside this array.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly initialized GPB##NAME##Array with a copy of the values.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPB##NAME##Array *)array;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Initializes the array with the given capacity.
+//% *
+//% * @param func  The enum validation function for the array.
+//% * @param count The capacity needed for the array.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly initialized GPB##NAME##Array with a capacity of count.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+//%                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+//%
+//%// These will return kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue if the value at index is not a
+//%// valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc. If the actual value is
+//%// desired, use "raw" version of the method.
+//%
+//%ARRAY_IMMUTABLE_INTERFACE(NAME, TYPE, NAME)
+//%
+//%// These methods bypass the validationFunc to provide access to values that were not
+//%// known at the time the binary was compiled.
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Gets the raw enum value at the given index.
+//% *
+//% * @param index The index of the raw enum value to get.
+//% *
+//% * @return The raw enum value at the given index.
+//% **/
+//%- (TYPE)rawValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+//% *
+//% * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+//% *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+//% *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+//% *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)enumerateRawValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+//% *
+//% * @param opts  Options to control the enumeration.
+//% * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+//% *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+//% *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+//% *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)enumerateRawValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+//%                           usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+//%
+//%// If value is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc, these
+//%// methods will assert in debug, and will log in release and assign the value
+//%// to the default value. Use the rawValue methods below to assign non enumerator
+//%// values.
+//%
+//%ARRAY_MUTABLE_INTERFACE(NAME, TYPE, NAME)
+//%
+//%@end
+//%
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_IMMUTABLE_INTERFACE(NAME, TYPE, HELPER_NAME)
+//%/**
+//% * Gets the value at the given index.
+//% *
+//% * @param index The index of the value to get.
+//% *
+//% * @return The value at the given index.
+//% **/
+//%- (TYPE)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+//% *
+//% * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+//% *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+//% *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+//% *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Enumerates the values on this array with the given block.
+//% *
+//% * @param opts  Options to control the enumeration.
+//% * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+//% *   **value**: The current value being enumerated.
+//% *   **idx**:   The index of the current value.
+//% *   **stop**:  A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+//%                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_MUTABLE_INTERFACE(NAME, TYPE, HELPER_NAME)
+//%/**
+//% * Adds a value to this array.
+//% *
+//% * @param value The value to add to this array.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)addValue:(TYPE)value;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Adds values to this array.
+//% *
+//% * @param values The values to add to this array.
+//% * @param count  The number of elements to add.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)addValues:(const TYPE [__nullable])values count:(NSUInteger)count;
+//%
+//%ARRAY_EXTRA_MUTABLE_METHODS1_##HELPER_NAME(NAME, TYPE)
+//%/**
+//% * Inserts a value into the given position.
+//% *
+//% * @param value The value to add to this array.
+//% * @param index The index into which to insert the value.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)insertValue:(TYPE)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Replaces the value at the given index with the given value.
+//% *
+//% * @param index The index for which to replace the value.
+//% * @param value The value to replace with.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(TYPE)value;
+//%ARRAY_EXTRA_MUTABLE_METHODS2_##HELPER_NAME(NAME, TYPE)
+//%/**
+//% * Removes the value at the given index.
+//% *
+//% * @param index The index of the value to remove.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Removes all the values from this array.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)removeAll;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Exchanges the values between the given indexes.
+//% *
+//% * @param idx1 The index of the first element to exchange.
+//% * @param idx2 The index of the second element to exchange.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+//%            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2;
+
+//
+// These are hooks invoked by the above to do insert as needed.
+//
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_EXTRA_MUTABLE_METHODS1_Basic(NAME, TYPE)
+//%/**
+//% * Adds the values from the given array to this array.
+//% *
+//% * @param array The array containing the elements to add to this array.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPB##NAME##Array *)array;
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_EXTRA_MUTABLE_METHODS2_Basic(NAME, TYPE)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_EXTRA_MUTABLE_METHODS1_Enum(NAME, TYPE)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_EXTRA_MUTABLE_METHODS2_Enum(NAME, TYPE)
+//%
+//%// These methods bypass the validationFunc to provide setting of values that were not
+//%// known at the time the binary was compiled.
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Adds a raw enum value to this array.
+//% *
+//% * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+//% *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+//% *
+//% * @param value The raw enum value to add to the array.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)addRawValue:(TYPE)value;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Adds raw enum values to this array.
+//% *
+//% * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+//% *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+//% *
+//% * @param array Array containing the raw enum values to add to this array.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)addRawValuesFromArray:(GPB##NAME##Array *)array;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Adds raw enum values to this array.
+//% *
+//% * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+//% *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+//% *
+//% * @param values Array containing the raw enum values to add to this array.
+//% * @param count  The number of raw values to add.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)addRawValues:(const TYPE [__nullable])values count:(NSUInteger)count;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Inserts a raw enum value at the given index.
+//% *
+//% * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+//% *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+//% *
+//% * @param value Raw enum value to add.
+//% * @param index The index into which to insert the value.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)insertRawValue:(TYPE)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Replaces the raw enum value at the given index with the given value.
+//% *
+//% * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+//% *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+//% *
+//% * @param index The index for which to replace the value.
+//% * @param value The raw enum value to replace with.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withRawValue:(TYPE)value;
+//%
+//%// No validation applies to these methods.
+//%
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBArray.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBArray.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ce1e593c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBArray.m
@@ -0,0 +1,2551 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBArray_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+#import "GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+// Direct access is use for speed, to avoid even internally declaring things
+// read/write, etc. The warning is enabled in the project to ensure code calling
+// protos can turn on -Wdirect-ivar-access without issues.
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+// Mutable arrays use an internal buffer that can always hold a multiple of this elements.
+#define kChunkSize 16
+#define CapacityFromCount(x) (((x / kChunkSize) + 1) * kChunkSize)
+
+static BOOL ArrayDefault_IsValidValue(int32_t value) {
+  // Anything but the bad value marker is allowed.
+  return (value != kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+}
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE VALIDATE_RANGE(INDEX, COUNT)
+//%  if (INDEX >= COUNT) {
+//%    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+//%                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+//%                       (unsigned long)INDEX, (unsigned long)COUNT];
+//%  }
+//%PDDM-DEFINE MAYBE_GROW_TO_SET_COUNT(NEW_COUNT)
+//%  if (NEW_COUNT > _capacity) {
+//%    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(NEW_COUNT)];
+//%  }
+//%  _count = NEW_COUNT;
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SET_COUNT_AND_MAYBE_SHRINK(NEW_COUNT)
+//%  _count = NEW_COUNT;
+//%  if ((NEW_COUNT + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+//%    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(NEW_COUNT)];
+//%  }
+
+//
+// Macros for the common basic cases.
+//
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(NAME, TYPE, FORMAT)
+//%#pragma mark - NAME
+//%
+//%@implementation GPB##NAME##Array {
+//% @package
+//%  TYPE *_values;
+//%  NSUInteger _count;
+//%  NSUInteger _capacity;
+//%}
+//%
+//%@synthesize count = _count;
+//%
+//%+ (instancetype)array {
+//%  return [[[self alloc] init] autorelease];
+//%}
+//%
+//%+ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(TYPE)value {
+//%  // Cast is needed so the compiler knows what class we are invoking initWithValues: on to get
+//%  // the type correct.
+//%  return [[(GPB##NAME##Array*)[self alloc] initWithValues:&value count:1] autorelease];
+//%}
+//%
+//%+ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPB##NAME##Array *)array {
+//%  return [[(GPB##NAME##Array*)[self alloc] initWithValueArray:array] autorelease];
+//%}
+//%
+//%+ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+//%  return [[[self alloc] initWithCapacity:count] autorelease];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)init {
+//%  self = [super init];
+//%  // No work needed;
+//%  return self;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPB##NAME##Array *)array {
+//%  return [self initWithValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const TYPE [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+//%  self = [self init];
+//%  if (self) {
+//%    if (count && values) {
+//%      _values = reallocf(_values, count * sizeof(TYPE));
+//%      if (_values != NULL) {
+//%        _capacity = count;
+//%        memcpy(_values, values, count * sizeof(TYPE));
+//%        _count = count;
+//%      } else {
+//%        [self release];
+//%        [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+//%                    format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+//%                           (unsigned long)(count * sizeof(TYPE))];
+//%      }
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%  return self;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+//%  self = [self initWithValues:NULL count:0];
+//%  if (self && count) {
+//%    [self internalResizeToCapacity:count];
+//%  }
+//%  return self;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+//%  return [[GPB##NAME##Array allocWithZone:zone] initWithValues:_values count:_count];
+//%}
+//%
+//%ARRAY_IMMUTABLE_CORE(NAME, TYPE, , FORMAT)
+//%
+//%- (TYPE)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+//%VALIDATE_RANGE(index, _count)
+//%  return _values[index];
+//%}
+//%
+//%ARRAY_MUTABLE_CORE(NAME, TYPE, , FORMAT)
+//%@end
+//%
+
+//
+// Some core macros used for both the simple types and Enums.
+//
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_IMMUTABLE_CORE(NAME, TYPE, ACCESSOR_NAME, FORMAT)
+//%- (void)dealloc {
+//%  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+//%           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+//%           [self class], _autocreator);
+//%  free(_values);
+//%  [super dealloc];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+//%  if (self == other) {
+//%    return YES;
+//%  }
+//%  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPB##NAME##Array class]]) {
+//%    return NO;
+//%  }
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *otherArray = other;
+//%  return (_count == otherArray->_count
+//%          && memcmp(_values, otherArray->_values, (_count * sizeof(TYPE))) == 0);
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (NSUInteger)hash {
+//%  // Follow NSArray's lead, and use the count as the hash.
+//%  return _count;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (NSString *)description {
+//%  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { ", [self class], self];
+//%  for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+//%    if (i == 0) {
+//%      [result appendFormat:@"##FORMAT##", _values[i]];
+//%    } else {
+//%      [result appendFormat:@", ##FORMAT##", _values[i]];
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%  [result appendFormat:@" }"];
+//%  return result;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)enumerate##ACCESSOR_NAME##ValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+//%  [self enumerate##ACCESSOR_NAME##ValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)0 usingBlock:block];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)enumerate##ACCESSOR_NAME##ValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+//%                  ACCESSOR_NAME$S      usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+//%  // NSEnumerationConcurrent isn't currently supported (and Apple's docs say that is ok).
+//%  BOOL stop = NO;
+//%  if ((opts & NSEnumerationReverse) == 0) {
+//%    for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+//%      block(_values[i], i, &stop);
+//%      if (stop) break;
+//%    }
+//%  } else if (_count > 0) {
+//%    for (NSUInteger i = _count; i > 0; --i) {
+//%      block(_values[i - 1], (i - 1), &stop);
+//%      if (stop) break;
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%}
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE MUTATION_HOOK_None()
+//%PDDM-DEFINE MUTATION_METHODS(NAME, TYPE, ACCESSOR_NAME, HOOK_1, HOOK_2)
+//%- (void)add##ACCESSOR_NAME##Value:(TYPE)value {
+//%  [self add##ACCESSOR_NAME##Values:&value count:1];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)add##ACCESSOR_NAME##Values:(const TYPE [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+//%  if (values == NULL || count == 0) return;
+//%MUTATION_HOOK_##HOOK_1()  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+//%  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + count;
+//%MAYBE_GROW_TO_SET_COUNT(newCount)
+//%  memcpy(&_values[initialCount], values, count * sizeof(TYPE));
+//%  if (_autocreator) {
+//%    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)insert##ACCESSOR_NAME##Value:(TYPE)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+//%VALIDATE_RANGE(index, _count + 1)
+//%MUTATION_HOOK_##HOOK_2()  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+//%  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + 1;
+//%MAYBE_GROW_TO_SET_COUNT(newCount)
+//%  if (index != initialCount) {
+//%    memmove(&_values[index + 1], &_values[index], (initialCount - index) * sizeof(TYPE));
+//%  }
+//%  _values[index] = value;
+//%  if (_autocreator) {
+//%    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index with##ACCESSOR_NAME##Value:(TYPE)value {
+//%VALIDATE_RANGE(index, _count)
+//%MUTATION_HOOK_##HOOK_2()  _values[index] = value;
+//%}
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_MUTABLE_CORE(NAME, TYPE, ACCESSOR_NAME, FORMAT)
+//%- (void)internalResizeToCapacity:(NSUInteger)newCapacity {
+//%  _values = reallocf(_values, newCapacity * sizeof(TYPE));
+//%  if (_values == NULL) {
+//%    _capacity = 0;
+//%    _count = 0;
+//%    [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+//%                format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+//%                       (unsigned long)(newCapacity * sizeof(TYPE))];
+//%  }
+//%  _capacity = newCapacity;
+//%}
+//%
+//%MUTATION_METHODS(NAME, TYPE, ACCESSOR_NAME, None, None)
+//%
+//%- (void)add##ACCESSOR_NAME##ValuesFromArray:(GPB##NAME##Array *)array {
+//%  [self add##ACCESSOR_NAME##Values:array->_values count:array->_count];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+//%VALIDATE_RANGE(index, _count)
+//%  NSUInteger newCount = _count - 1;
+//%  if (index != newCount) {
+//%    memmove(&_values[index], &_values[index + 1], (newCount - index) * sizeof(TYPE));
+//%  }
+//%SET_COUNT_AND_MAYBE_SHRINK(newCount)
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)removeAll {
+//%SET_COUNT_AND_MAYBE_SHRINK(0)
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+//%            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2 {
+//%VALIDATE_RANGE(idx1, _count)
+//%VALIDATE_RANGE(idx2, _count)
+//%  TYPE temp = _values[idx1];
+//%  _values[idx1] = _values[idx2];
+//%  _values[idx2] = temp;
+//%}
+//%
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(Int32, int32_t, %d)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Int32
+
+@implementation GPBInt32Array {
+ @package
+  int32_t *_values;
+  NSUInteger _count;
+  NSUInteger _capacity;
+}
+
+@synthesize count = _count;
+
++ (instancetype)array {
+  return [[[self alloc] init] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(int32_t)value {
+  // Cast is needed so the compiler knows what class we are invoking initWithValues: on to get
+  // the type correct.
+  return [[(GPBInt32Array*)[self alloc] initWithValues:&value count:1] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBInt32Array *)array {
+  return [[(GPBInt32Array*)[self alloc] initWithValueArray:array] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithCapacity:count] autorelease];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  self = [super init];
+  // No work needed;
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBInt32Array *)array {
+  return [self initWithValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const int32_t [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self init];
+  if (self) {
+    if (count && values) {
+      _values = reallocf(_values, count * sizeof(int32_t));
+      if (_values != NULL) {
+        _capacity = count;
+        memcpy(_values, values, count * sizeof(int32_t));
+        _count = count;
+      } else {
+        [self release];
+        [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                    format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                           (unsigned long)(count * sizeof(int32_t))];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self initWithValues:NULL count:0];
+  if (self && count) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:count];
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt32Array allocWithZone:zone] initWithValues:_values count:_count];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  free(_values);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32Array class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt32Array *otherArray = other;
+  return (_count == otherArray->_count
+          && memcmp(_values, otherArray->_values, (_count * sizeof(int32_t))) == 0);
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  // Follow NSArray's lead, and use the count as the hash.
+  return _count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { ", [self class], self];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+    if (i == 0) {
+      [result appendFormat:@"%d", _values[i]];
+    } else {
+      [result appendFormat:@", %d", _values[i]];
+    }
+  }
+  [result appendFormat:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  [self enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)0 usingBlock:block];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  // NSEnumerationConcurrent isn't currently supported (and Apple's docs say that is ok).
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if ((opts & NSEnumerationReverse) == 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+      block(_values[i], i, &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  } else if (_count > 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = _count; i > 0; --i) {
+      block(_values[i - 1], (i - 1), &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (int32_t)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  return _values[index];
+}
+
+- (void)internalResizeToCapacity:(NSUInteger)newCapacity {
+  _values = reallocf(_values, newCapacity * sizeof(int32_t));
+  if (_values == NULL) {
+    _capacity = 0;
+    _count = 0;
+    [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                       (unsigned long)(newCapacity * sizeof(int32_t))];
+  }
+  _capacity = newCapacity;
+}
+
+- (void)addValue:(int32_t)value {
+  [self addValues:&value count:1];
+}
+
+- (void)addValues:(const int32_t [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  if (values == NULL || count == 0) return;
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + count;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  memcpy(&_values[initialCount], values, count * sizeof(int32_t));
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)insertValue:(int32_t)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count + 1) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count + 1];
+  }
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + 1;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if (index != initialCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index + 1], &_values[index], (initialCount - index) * sizeof(int32_t));
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(int32_t)value {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+}
+
+- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPBInt32Array *)array {
+  [self addValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  NSUInteger newCount = _count - 1;
+  if (index != newCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index], &_values[index + 1], (newCount - index) * sizeof(int32_t));
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if ((newCount + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _count = 0;
+  if ((0 + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(0)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2 {
+  if (idx1 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx1, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  if (idx2 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx2, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  int32_t temp = _values[idx1];
+  _values[idx1] = _values[idx2];
+  _values[idx2] = temp;
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(UInt32, uint32_t, %u)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32Array {
+ @package
+  uint32_t *_values;
+  NSUInteger _count;
+  NSUInteger _capacity;
+}
+
+@synthesize count = _count;
+
++ (instancetype)array {
+  return [[[self alloc] init] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(uint32_t)value {
+  // Cast is needed so the compiler knows what class we are invoking initWithValues: on to get
+  // the type correct.
+  return [[(GPBUInt32Array*)[self alloc] initWithValues:&value count:1] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBUInt32Array *)array {
+  return [[(GPBUInt32Array*)[self alloc] initWithValueArray:array] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithCapacity:count] autorelease];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  self = [super init];
+  // No work needed;
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBUInt32Array *)array {
+  return [self initWithValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const uint32_t [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self init];
+  if (self) {
+    if (count && values) {
+      _values = reallocf(_values, count * sizeof(uint32_t));
+      if (_values != NULL) {
+        _capacity = count;
+        memcpy(_values, values, count * sizeof(uint32_t));
+        _count = count;
+      } else {
+        [self release];
+        [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                    format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                           (unsigned long)(count * sizeof(uint32_t))];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self initWithValues:NULL count:0];
+  if (self && count) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:count];
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt32Array allocWithZone:zone] initWithValues:_values count:_count];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  free(_values);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32Array class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt32Array *otherArray = other;
+  return (_count == otherArray->_count
+          && memcmp(_values, otherArray->_values, (_count * sizeof(uint32_t))) == 0);
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  // Follow NSArray's lead, and use the count as the hash.
+  return _count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { ", [self class], self];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+    if (i == 0) {
+      [result appendFormat:@"%u", _values[i]];
+    } else {
+      [result appendFormat:@", %u", _values[i]];
+    }
+  }
+  [result appendFormat:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  [self enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)0 usingBlock:block];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  // NSEnumerationConcurrent isn't currently supported (and Apple's docs say that is ok).
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if ((opts & NSEnumerationReverse) == 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+      block(_values[i], i, &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  } else if (_count > 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = _count; i > 0; --i) {
+      block(_values[i - 1], (i - 1), &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (uint32_t)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  return _values[index];
+}
+
+- (void)internalResizeToCapacity:(NSUInteger)newCapacity {
+  _values = reallocf(_values, newCapacity * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  if (_values == NULL) {
+    _capacity = 0;
+    _count = 0;
+    [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                       (unsigned long)(newCapacity * sizeof(uint32_t))];
+  }
+  _capacity = newCapacity;
+}
+
+- (void)addValue:(uint32_t)value {
+  [self addValues:&value count:1];
+}
+
+- (void)addValues:(const uint32_t [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  if (values == NULL || count == 0) return;
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + count;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  memcpy(&_values[initialCount], values, count * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)insertValue:(uint32_t)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count + 1) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count + 1];
+  }
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + 1;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if (index != initialCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index + 1], &_values[index], (initialCount - index) * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(uint32_t)value {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+}
+
+- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPBUInt32Array *)array {
+  [self addValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  NSUInteger newCount = _count - 1;
+  if (index != newCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index], &_values[index + 1], (newCount - index) * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if ((newCount + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _count = 0;
+  if ((0 + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(0)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2 {
+  if (idx1 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx1, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  if (idx2 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx2, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  uint32_t temp = _values[idx1];
+  _values[idx1] = _values[idx2];
+  _values[idx2] = temp;
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(Int64, int64_t, %lld)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Int64
+
+@implementation GPBInt64Array {
+ @package
+  int64_t *_values;
+  NSUInteger _count;
+  NSUInteger _capacity;
+}
+
+@synthesize count = _count;
+
++ (instancetype)array {
+  return [[[self alloc] init] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(int64_t)value {
+  // Cast is needed so the compiler knows what class we are invoking initWithValues: on to get
+  // the type correct.
+  return [[(GPBInt64Array*)[self alloc] initWithValues:&value count:1] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBInt64Array *)array {
+  return [[(GPBInt64Array*)[self alloc] initWithValueArray:array] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithCapacity:count] autorelease];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  self = [super init];
+  // No work needed;
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBInt64Array *)array {
+  return [self initWithValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const int64_t [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self init];
+  if (self) {
+    if (count && values) {
+      _values = reallocf(_values, count * sizeof(int64_t));
+      if (_values != NULL) {
+        _capacity = count;
+        memcpy(_values, values, count * sizeof(int64_t));
+        _count = count;
+      } else {
+        [self release];
+        [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                    format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                           (unsigned long)(count * sizeof(int64_t))];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self initWithValues:NULL count:0];
+  if (self && count) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:count];
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt64Array allocWithZone:zone] initWithValues:_values count:_count];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  free(_values);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64Array class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt64Array *otherArray = other;
+  return (_count == otherArray->_count
+          && memcmp(_values, otherArray->_values, (_count * sizeof(int64_t))) == 0);
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  // Follow NSArray's lead, and use the count as the hash.
+  return _count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { ", [self class], self];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+    if (i == 0) {
+      [result appendFormat:@"%lld", _values[i]];
+    } else {
+      [result appendFormat:@", %lld", _values[i]];
+    }
+  }
+  [result appendFormat:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  [self enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)0 usingBlock:block];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  // NSEnumerationConcurrent isn't currently supported (and Apple's docs say that is ok).
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if ((opts & NSEnumerationReverse) == 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+      block(_values[i], i, &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  } else if (_count > 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = _count; i > 0; --i) {
+      block(_values[i - 1], (i - 1), &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (int64_t)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  return _values[index];
+}
+
+- (void)internalResizeToCapacity:(NSUInteger)newCapacity {
+  _values = reallocf(_values, newCapacity * sizeof(int64_t));
+  if (_values == NULL) {
+    _capacity = 0;
+    _count = 0;
+    [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                       (unsigned long)(newCapacity * sizeof(int64_t))];
+  }
+  _capacity = newCapacity;
+}
+
+- (void)addValue:(int64_t)value {
+  [self addValues:&value count:1];
+}
+
+- (void)addValues:(const int64_t [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  if (values == NULL || count == 0) return;
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + count;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  memcpy(&_values[initialCount], values, count * sizeof(int64_t));
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)insertValue:(int64_t)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count + 1) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count + 1];
+  }
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + 1;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if (index != initialCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index + 1], &_values[index], (initialCount - index) * sizeof(int64_t));
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(int64_t)value {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+}
+
+- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPBInt64Array *)array {
+  [self addValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  NSUInteger newCount = _count - 1;
+  if (index != newCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index], &_values[index + 1], (newCount - index) * sizeof(int64_t));
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if ((newCount + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _count = 0;
+  if ((0 + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(0)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2 {
+  if (idx1 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx1, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  if (idx2 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx2, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  int64_t temp = _values[idx1];
+  _values[idx1] = _values[idx2];
+  _values[idx2] = temp;
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(UInt64, uint64_t, %llu)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64Array {
+ @package
+  uint64_t *_values;
+  NSUInteger _count;
+  NSUInteger _capacity;
+}
+
+@synthesize count = _count;
+
++ (instancetype)array {
+  return [[[self alloc] init] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(uint64_t)value {
+  // Cast is needed so the compiler knows what class we are invoking initWithValues: on to get
+  // the type correct.
+  return [[(GPBUInt64Array*)[self alloc] initWithValues:&value count:1] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBUInt64Array *)array {
+  return [[(GPBUInt64Array*)[self alloc] initWithValueArray:array] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithCapacity:count] autorelease];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  self = [super init];
+  // No work needed;
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBUInt64Array *)array {
+  return [self initWithValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const uint64_t [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self init];
+  if (self) {
+    if (count && values) {
+      _values = reallocf(_values, count * sizeof(uint64_t));
+      if (_values != NULL) {
+        _capacity = count;
+        memcpy(_values, values, count * sizeof(uint64_t));
+        _count = count;
+      } else {
+        [self release];
+        [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                    format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                           (unsigned long)(count * sizeof(uint64_t))];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self initWithValues:NULL count:0];
+  if (self && count) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:count];
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt64Array allocWithZone:zone] initWithValues:_values count:_count];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  free(_values);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64Array class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt64Array *otherArray = other;
+  return (_count == otherArray->_count
+          && memcmp(_values, otherArray->_values, (_count * sizeof(uint64_t))) == 0);
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  // Follow NSArray's lead, and use the count as the hash.
+  return _count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { ", [self class], self];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+    if (i == 0) {
+      [result appendFormat:@"%llu", _values[i]];
+    } else {
+      [result appendFormat:@", %llu", _values[i]];
+    }
+  }
+  [result appendFormat:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  [self enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)0 usingBlock:block];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  // NSEnumerationConcurrent isn't currently supported (and Apple's docs say that is ok).
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if ((opts & NSEnumerationReverse) == 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+      block(_values[i], i, &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  } else if (_count > 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = _count; i > 0; --i) {
+      block(_values[i - 1], (i - 1), &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (uint64_t)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  return _values[index];
+}
+
+- (void)internalResizeToCapacity:(NSUInteger)newCapacity {
+  _values = reallocf(_values, newCapacity * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  if (_values == NULL) {
+    _capacity = 0;
+    _count = 0;
+    [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                       (unsigned long)(newCapacity * sizeof(uint64_t))];
+  }
+  _capacity = newCapacity;
+}
+
+- (void)addValue:(uint64_t)value {
+  [self addValues:&value count:1];
+}
+
+- (void)addValues:(const uint64_t [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  if (values == NULL || count == 0) return;
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + count;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  memcpy(&_values[initialCount], values, count * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)insertValue:(uint64_t)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count + 1) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count + 1];
+  }
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + 1;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if (index != initialCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index + 1], &_values[index], (initialCount - index) * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(uint64_t)value {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+}
+
+- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPBUInt64Array *)array {
+  [self addValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  NSUInteger newCount = _count - 1;
+  if (index != newCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index], &_values[index + 1], (newCount - index) * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if ((newCount + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _count = 0;
+  if ((0 + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(0)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2 {
+  if (idx1 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx1, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  if (idx2 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx2, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  uint64_t temp = _values[idx1];
+  _values[idx1] = _values[idx2];
+  _values[idx2] = temp;
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(Float, float, %f)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Float
+
+@implementation GPBFloatArray {
+ @package
+  float *_values;
+  NSUInteger _count;
+  NSUInteger _capacity;
+}
+
+@synthesize count = _count;
+
++ (instancetype)array {
+  return [[[self alloc] init] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(float)value {
+  // Cast is needed so the compiler knows what class we are invoking initWithValues: on to get
+  // the type correct.
+  return [[(GPBFloatArray*)[self alloc] initWithValues:&value count:1] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBFloatArray *)array {
+  return [[(GPBFloatArray*)[self alloc] initWithValueArray:array] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithCapacity:count] autorelease];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  self = [super init];
+  // No work needed;
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBFloatArray *)array {
+  return [self initWithValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const float [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self init];
+  if (self) {
+    if (count && values) {
+      _values = reallocf(_values, count * sizeof(float));
+      if (_values != NULL) {
+        _capacity = count;
+        memcpy(_values, values, count * sizeof(float));
+        _count = count;
+      } else {
+        [self release];
+        [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                    format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                           (unsigned long)(count * sizeof(float))];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self initWithValues:NULL count:0];
+  if (self && count) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:count];
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBFloatArray allocWithZone:zone] initWithValues:_values count:_count];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  free(_values);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBFloatArray class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBFloatArray *otherArray = other;
+  return (_count == otherArray->_count
+          && memcmp(_values, otherArray->_values, (_count * sizeof(float))) == 0);
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  // Follow NSArray's lead, and use the count as the hash.
+  return _count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { ", [self class], self];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+    if (i == 0) {
+      [result appendFormat:@"%f", _values[i]];
+    } else {
+      [result appendFormat:@", %f", _values[i]];
+    }
+  }
+  [result appendFormat:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  [self enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)0 usingBlock:block];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  // NSEnumerationConcurrent isn't currently supported (and Apple's docs say that is ok).
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if ((opts & NSEnumerationReverse) == 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+      block(_values[i], i, &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  } else if (_count > 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = _count; i > 0; --i) {
+      block(_values[i - 1], (i - 1), &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (float)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  return _values[index];
+}
+
+- (void)internalResizeToCapacity:(NSUInteger)newCapacity {
+  _values = reallocf(_values, newCapacity * sizeof(float));
+  if (_values == NULL) {
+    _capacity = 0;
+    _count = 0;
+    [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                       (unsigned long)(newCapacity * sizeof(float))];
+  }
+  _capacity = newCapacity;
+}
+
+- (void)addValue:(float)value {
+  [self addValues:&value count:1];
+}
+
+- (void)addValues:(const float [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  if (values == NULL || count == 0) return;
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + count;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  memcpy(&_values[initialCount], values, count * sizeof(float));
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)insertValue:(float)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count + 1) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count + 1];
+  }
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + 1;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if (index != initialCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index + 1], &_values[index], (initialCount - index) * sizeof(float));
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(float)value {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+}
+
+- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPBFloatArray *)array {
+  [self addValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  NSUInteger newCount = _count - 1;
+  if (index != newCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index], &_values[index + 1], (newCount - index) * sizeof(float));
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if ((newCount + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _count = 0;
+  if ((0 + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(0)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2 {
+  if (idx1 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx1, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  if (idx2 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx2, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  float temp = _values[idx1];
+  _values[idx1] = _values[idx2];
+  _values[idx2] = temp;
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(Double, double, %lf)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Double
+
+@implementation GPBDoubleArray {
+ @package
+  double *_values;
+  NSUInteger _count;
+  NSUInteger _capacity;
+}
+
+@synthesize count = _count;
+
++ (instancetype)array {
+  return [[[self alloc] init] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(double)value {
+  // Cast is needed so the compiler knows what class we are invoking initWithValues: on to get
+  // the type correct.
+  return [[(GPBDoubleArray*)[self alloc] initWithValues:&value count:1] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBDoubleArray *)array {
+  return [[(GPBDoubleArray*)[self alloc] initWithValueArray:array] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithCapacity:count] autorelease];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  self = [super init];
+  // No work needed;
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBDoubleArray *)array {
+  return [self initWithValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const double [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self init];
+  if (self) {
+    if (count && values) {
+      _values = reallocf(_values, count * sizeof(double));
+      if (_values != NULL) {
+        _capacity = count;
+        memcpy(_values, values, count * sizeof(double));
+        _count = count;
+      } else {
+        [self release];
+        [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                    format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                           (unsigned long)(count * sizeof(double))];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self initWithValues:NULL count:0];
+  if (self && count) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:count];
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBDoubleArray allocWithZone:zone] initWithValues:_values count:_count];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  free(_values);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBDoubleArray class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBDoubleArray *otherArray = other;
+  return (_count == otherArray->_count
+          && memcmp(_values, otherArray->_values, (_count * sizeof(double))) == 0);
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  // Follow NSArray's lead, and use the count as the hash.
+  return _count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { ", [self class], self];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+    if (i == 0) {
+      [result appendFormat:@"%lf", _values[i]];
+    } else {
+      [result appendFormat:@", %lf", _values[i]];
+    }
+  }
+  [result appendFormat:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  [self enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)0 usingBlock:block];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  // NSEnumerationConcurrent isn't currently supported (and Apple's docs say that is ok).
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if ((opts & NSEnumerationReverse) == 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+      block(_values[i], i, &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  } else if (_count > 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = _count; i > 0; --i) {
+      block(_values[i - 1], (i - 1), &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (double)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  return _values[index];
+}
+
+- (void)internalResizeToCapacity:(NSUInteger)newCapacity {
+  _values = reallocf(_values, newCapacity * sizeof(double));
+  if (_values == NULL) {
+    _capacity = 0;
+    _count = 0;
+    [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                       (unsigned long)(newCapacity * sizeof(double))];
+  }
+  _capacity = newCapacity;
+}
+
+- (void)addValue:(double)value {
+  [self addValues:&value count:1];
+}
+
+- (void)addValues:(const double [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  if (values == NULL || count == 0) return;
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + count;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  memcpy(&_values[initialCount], values, count * sizeof(double));
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)insertValue:(double)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count + 1) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count + 1];
+  }
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + 1;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if (index != initialCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index + 1], &_values[index], (initialCount - index) * sizeof(double));
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(double)value {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+}
+
+- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPBDoubleArray *)array {
+  [self addValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  NSUInteger newCount = _count - 1;
+  if (index != newCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index], &_values[index + 1], (newCount - index) * sizeof(double));
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if ((newCount + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _count = 0;
+  if ((0 + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(0)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2 {
+  if (idx1 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx1, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  if (idx2 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx2, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  double temp = _values[idx1];
+  _values[idx1] = _values[idx2];
+  _values[idx2] = temp;
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_INTERFACE_SIMPLE(Bool, BOOL, %d)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool
+
+@implementation GPBBoolArray {
+ @package
+  BOOL *_values;
+  NSUInteger _count;
+  NSUInteger _capacity;
+}
+
+@synthesize count = _count;
+
++ (instancetype)array {
+  return [[[self alloc] init] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(BOOL)value {
+  // Cast is needed so the compiler knows what class we are invoking initWithValues: on to get
+  // the type correct.
+  return [[(GPBBoolArray*)[self alloc] initWithValues:&value count:1] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBBoolArray *)array {
+  return [[(GPBBoolArray*)[self alloc] initWithValueArray:array] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithCapacity:count] autorelease];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  self = [super init];
+  // No work needed;
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBBoolArray *)array {
+  return [self initWithValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const BOOL [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self init];
+  if (self) {
+    if (count && values) {
+      _values = reallocf(_values, count * sizeof(BOOL));
+      if (_values != NULL) {
+        _capacity = count;
+        memcpy(_values, values, count * sizeof(BOOL));
+        _count = count;
+      } else {
+        [self release];
+        [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                    format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                           (unsigned long)(count * sizeof(BOOL))];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self initWithValues:NULL count:0];
+  if (self && count) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:count];
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBBoolArray allocWithZone:zone] initWithValues:_values count:_count];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  free(_values);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolArray class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBBoolArray *otherArray = other;
+  return (_count == otherArray->_count
+          && memcmp(_values, otherArray->_values, (_count * sizeof(BOOL))) == 0);
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  // Follow NSArray's lead, and use the count as the hash.
+  return _count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { ", [self class], self];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+    if (i == 0) {
+      [result appendFormat:@"%d", _values[i]];
+    } else {
+      [result appendFormat:@", %d", _values[i]];
+    }
+  }
+  [result appendFormat:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  [self enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)0 usingBlock:block];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  // NSEnumerationConcurrent isn't currently supported (and Apple's docs say that is ok).
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if ((opts & NSEnumerationReverse) == 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+      block(_values[i], i, &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  } else if (_count > 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = _count; i > 0; --i) {
+      block(_values[i - 1], (i - 1), &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (BOOL)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  return _values[index];
+}
+
+- (void)internalResizeToCapacity:(NSUInteger)newCapacity {
+  _values = reallocf(_values, newCapacity * sizeof(BOOL));
+  if (_values == NULL) {
+    _capacity = 0;
+    _count = 0;
+    [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                       (unsigned long)(newCapacity * sizeof(BOOL))];
+  }
+  _capacity = newCapacity;
+}
+
+- (void)addValue:(BOOL)value {
+  [self addValues:&value count:1];
+}
+
+- (void)addValues:(const BOOL [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  if (values == NULL || count == 0) return;
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + count;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  memcpy(&_values[initialCount], values, count * sizeof(BOOL));
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)insertValue:(BOOL)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count + 1) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count + 1];
+  }
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + 1;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if (index != initialCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index + 1], &_values[index], (initialCount - index) * sizeof(BOOL));
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(BOOL)value {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+}
+
+- (void)addValuesFromArray:(GPBBoolArray *)array {
+  [self addValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  NSUInteger newCount = _count - 1;
+  if (index != newCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index], &_values[index + 1], (newCount - index) * sizeof(BOOL));
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if ((newCount + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _count = 0;
+  if ((0 + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(0)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2 {
+  if (idx1 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx1, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  if (idx2 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx2, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  BOOL temp = _values[idx1];
+  _values[idx1] = _values[idx2];
+  _values[idx2] = temp;
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (7 expansions)
+
+#pragma mark - Enum
+
+@implementation GPBEnumArray {
+ @package
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc _validationFunc;
+  int32_t *_values;
+  NSUInteger _count;
+  NSUInteger _capacity;
+}
+
+@synthesize count = _count;
+@synthesize validationFunc = _validationFunc;
+
++ (instancetype)array {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithValidationFunction:NULL] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithValidationFunction:func] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                   rawValue:(int32_t)value {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithValidationFunction:func
+                                         rawValues:&value
+                                             count:1] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValueArray:(GPBEnumArray *)array {
+  return [[(GPBEnumArray*)[self alloc] initWithValueArray:array] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                   capacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithValidationFunction:func capacity:count] autorelease];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:NULL];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValueArray:(GPBEnumArray *)array {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:array->_validationFunc
+                                rawValues:array->_values
+                                    count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _validationFunc = (func != NULL ? func : ArrayDefault_IsValidValue);
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                 rawValues:(const int32_t [])values
+                                     count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self initWithValidationFunction:func];
+  if (self) {
+    if (count && values) {
+      _values = reallocf(_values, count * sizeof(int32_t));
+      if (_values != NULL) {
+        _capacity = count;
+        memcpy(_values, values, count * sizeof(int32_t));
+        _count = count;
+      } else {
+        [self release];
+        [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                    format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                           (unsigned long)(count * sizeof(int32_t))];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [self initWithValidationFunction:func];
+  if (self && count) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:count];
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBEnumArray allocWithZone:zone]
+             initWithValidationFunction:_validationFunc
+                              rawValues:_values
+                                  count:_count];
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_IMMUTABLE_CORE(Enum, int32_t, Raw, %d)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  free(_values);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBEnumArray class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBEnumArray *otherArray = other;
+  return (_count == otherArray->_count
+          && memcmp(_values, otherArray->_values, (_count * sizeof(int32_t))) == 0);
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  // Follow NSArray's lead, and use the count as the hash.
+  return _count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { ", [self class], self];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+    if (i == 0) {
+      [result appendFormat:@"%d", _values[i]];
+    } else {
+      [result appendFormat:@", %d", _values[i]];
+    }
+  }
+  [result appendFormat:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateRawValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  [self enumerateRawValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)0 usingBlock:block];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateRawValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                           usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  // NSEnumerationConcurrent isn't currently supported (and Apple's docs say that is ok).
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if ((opts & NSEnumerationReverse) == 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0, count = _count; i < count; ++i) {
+      block(_values[i], i, &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  } else if (_count > 0) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = _count; i > 0; --i) {
+      block(_values[i - 1], (i - 1), &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END ARRAY_IMMUTABLE_CORE(Enum, int32_t, Raw, %d)
+
+- (int32_t)valueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+//%PDDM-EXPAND VALIDATE_RANGE(index, _count)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END VALIDATE_RANGE(index, _count)
+  int32_t result = _values[index];
+  if (!_validationFunc(result)) {
+    result = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (int32_t)rawValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+//%PDDM-EXPAND VALIDATE_RANGE(index, _count)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END VALIDATE_RANGE(index, _count)
+  return _values[index];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  [self enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)0 usingBlock:block];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateValuesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                        usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  // NSEnumerationConcurrent isn't currently supported (and Apple's docs say that is ok).
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc func = _validationFunc;
+  if ((opts & NSEnumerationReverse) == 0) {
+    int32_t *scan = _values;
+    int32_t *end = scan + _count;
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0; scan < end; ++i, ++scan) {
+      int32_t value = *scan;
+      if (!func(value)) {
+        value = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+      }
+      block(value, i, &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  } else if (_count > 0) {
+    int32_t *end = _values;
+    int32_t *scan = end + (_count - 1);
+    for (NSUInteger i = (_count - 1); scan >= end; --i, --scan) {
+      int32_t value = *scan;
+      if (!func(value)) {
+        value = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+      }
+      block(value, i, &stop);
+      if (stop) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_MUTABLE_CORE(Enum, int32_t, Raw, %d)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)internalResizeToCapacity:(NSUInteger)newCapacity {
+  _values = reallocf(_values, newCapacity * sizeof(int32_t));
+  if (_values == NULL) {
+    _capacity = 0;
+    _count = 0;
+    [NSException raise:NSMallocException
+                format:@"Failed to allocate %lu bytes",
+                       (unsigned long)(newCapacity * sizeof(int32_t))];
+  }
+  _capacity = newCapacity;
+}
+
+- (void)addRawValue:(int32_t)value {
+  [self addRawValues:&value count:1];
+}
+
+- (void)addRawValues:(const int32_t [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  if (values == NULL || count == 0) return;
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + count;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  memcpy(&_values[initialCount], values, count * sizeof(int32_t));
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)insertRawValue:(int32_t)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count + 1) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count + 1];
+  }
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + 1;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if (index != initialCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index + 1], &_values[index], (initialCount - index) * sizeof(int32_t));
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withRawValue:(int32_t)value {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+}
+
+- (void)addRawValuesFromArray:(GPBEnumArray *)array {
+  [self addRawValues:array->_values count:array->_count];
+}
+
+- (void)removeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  NSUInteger newCount = _count - 1;
+  if (index != newCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index], &_values[index + 1], (newCount - index) * sizeof(int32_t));
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if ((newCount + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _count = 0;
+  if ((0 + (2 * kChunkSize)) < _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(0)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)exchangeValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1
+            withValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2 {
+  if (idx1 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx1, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  if (idx2 >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)idx2, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  int32_t temp = _values[idx1];
+  _values[idx1] = _values[idx2];
+  _values[idx2] = temp;
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MUTATION_METHODS(Enum, int32_t, , EnumValidationList, EnumValidationOne)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)addValue:(int32_t)value {
+  [self addValues:&value count:1];
+}
+
+- (void)addValues:(const int32_t [])values count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  if (values == NULL || count == 0) return;
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc func = _validationFunc;
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    if (!func(values[i])) {
+      [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                  format:@"%@: Attempt to set an unknown enum value (%d)",
+                         [self class], values[i]];
+    }
+  }
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + count;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  memcpy(&_values[initialCount], values, count * sizeof(int32_t));
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)insertValue:(int32_t)value atIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+  if (index >= _count + 1) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count + 1];
+  }
+  if (!_validationFunc(value)) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"%@: Attempt to set an unknown enum value (%d)",
+                       [self class], value];
+  }
+  NSUInteger initialCount = _count;
+  NSUInteger newCount = initialCount + 1;
+  if (newCount > _capacity) {
+    [self internalResizeToCapacity:CapacityFromCount(newCount)];
+  }
+  _count = newCount;
+  if (index != initialCount) {
+    memmove(&_values[index + 1], &_values[index], (initialCount - index) * sizeof(int32_t));
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)replaceValueAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withValue:(int32_t)value {
+  if (index >= _count) {
+    [NSException raise:NSRangeException
+                format:@"Index (%lu) beyond bounds (%lu)",
+                       (unsigned long)index, (unsigned long)_count];
+  }
+  if (!_validationFunc(value)) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"%@: Attempt to set an unknown enum value (%d)",
+                       [self class], value];
+  }
+  _values[index] = value;
+}
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (2 expansions)
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE MUTATION_HOOK_EnumValidationList()
+//%  GPBEnumValidationFunc func = _validationFunc;
+//%  for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+//%    if (!func(values[i])) {
+//%      [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+//%                  format:@"%@: Attempt to set an unknown enum value (%d)",
+//%                         [self class], values[i]];
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE MUTATION_HOOK_EnumValidationOne()
+//%  if (!_validationFunc(value)) {
+//%    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+//%                format:@"%@: Attempt to set an unknown enum value (%d)",
+//%                       [self class], value];
+//%  }
+//%
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - NSArray Subclass
+
+@implementation GPBAutocreatedArray {
+  NSMutableArray *_array;
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_array release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+#pragma mark Required NSArray overrides
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return [_array count];
+}
+
+- (id)objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx {
+  return [_array objectAtIndex:idx];
+}
+
+#pragma mark Required NSMutableArray overrides
+
+// Only need to call GPBAutocreatedArrayModified() when adding things since
+// we only autocreate empty arrays.
+
+- (void)insertObject:(id)anObject atIndex:(NSUInteger)idx {
+  if (_array == nil) {
+    _array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
+  }
+  [_array insertObject:anObject atIndex:idx];
+
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeObject:(id)anObject {
+  [_array removeObject:anObject];
+}
+
+- (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx {
+  [_array removeObjectAtIndex:idx];
+}
+
+- (void)addObject:(id)anObject {
+  if (_array == nil) {
+    _array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
+  }
+  [_array addObject:anObject];
+
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeLastObject {
+  [_array removeLastObject];
+}
+
+- (void)replaceObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx withObject:(id)anObject {
+  [_array replaceObjectAtIndex:idx withObject:anObject];
+}
+
+#pragma mark Extra things hooked
+
+- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  if (_array == nil) {
+    return [[NSMutableArray allocWithZone:zone] init];
+  }
+  return [_array copyWithZone:zone];
+}
+
+- (id)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  if (_array == nil) {
+    return [[NSMutableArray allocWithZone:zone] init];
+  }
+  return [_array mutableCopyWithZone:zone];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)countByEnumeratingWithState:(NSFastEnumerationState *)state
+                                  objects:(id __unsafe_unretained [])buffer
+                                    count:(NSUInteger)len {
+  return [_array countByEnumeratingWithState:state objects:buffer count:len];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  [_array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:block];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateObjectsWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                         usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block {
+  [_array enumerateObjectsWithOptions:opts usingBlock:block];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBArray_PackagePrivate.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBArray_PackagePrivate.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35a453813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBArray_PackagePrivate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBArray.h"
+
+@class GPBMessage;
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DECLARE_ARRAY_EXTRAS()
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_EXTRAS(Int32, int32_t)
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_EXTRAS(UInt32, uint32_t)
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_EXTRAS(Int64, int64_t)
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_EXTRAS(UInt64, uint64_t)
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_EXTRAS(Float, float)
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_EXTRAS(Double, double)
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_EXTRAS(Bool, BOOL)
+//%ARRAY_INTERFACE_EXTRAS(Enum, int32_t)
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_INTERFACE_EXTRAS(NAME, TYPE)
+//%#pragma mark - NAME
+//%
+//%@interface GPB##NAME##Array () {
+//% @package
+//%  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+//%}
+//%@end
+//%
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DECLARE_ARRAY_EXTRAS()
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Int32
+
+@interface GPBInt32Array () {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32
+
+@interface GPBUInt32Array () {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64
+
+@interface GPBInt64Array () {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64
+
+@interface GPBUInt64Array () {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Float
+
+@interface GPBFloatArray () {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Double
+
+@interface GPBDoubleArray () {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Bool
+
+@interface GPBBoolArray () {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Enum
+
+@interface GPBEnumArray () {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END DECLARE_ARRAY_EXTRAS()
+
+#pragma mark - NSArray Subclass
+
+@interface GPBAutocreatedArray : NSMutableArray {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBBootstrap.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBBootstrap.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ebca25be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBBootstrap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * The Objective C runtime has complete enough info that most protos don’t end
+ * up using this, so leaving it on is no cost or very little cost.  If you
+ * happen to see it causing bloat, this is the way to disable it. If you do
+ * need to disable it, try only disabling it for Release builds as having
+ * full TextFormat can be useful for debugging.
+ **/
+#ifndef GPBOBJC_SKIP_MESSAGE_TEXTFORMAT_EXTRAS
+#define GPBOBJC_SKIP_MESSAGE_TEXTFORMAT_EXTRAS 0
+#endif
+
+// Used in the generated code to give sizes to enums. int32_t was chosen based
+// on the fact that Protocol Buffers enums are limited to this range.
+#if !__has_feature(objc_fixed_enum)
+ #error All supported Xcode versions should support objc_fixed_enum.
+#endif
+
+// If the headers are imported into Objective-C++, we can run into an issue
+// where the defintion of NS_ENUM (really CF_ENUM) changes based on the C++
+// standard that is in effect.  If it isn't C++11 or higher, the definition
+// doesn't allow us to forward declare. We work around this one case by
+// providing a local definition. The default case has to use NS_ENUM for the
+// magic that is Swift bridging of enums.
+#if (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus && __cplusplus < 201103L)
+ #define GPB_ENUM(X) enum X : int32_t X; enum X : int32_t
+#else
+ #define GPB_ENUM(X) NS_ENUM(int32_t, X)
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * GPB_ENUM_FWD_DECLARE is used for forward declaring enums, for example:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * GPB_ENUM_FWD_DECLARE(Foo_Enum)
+ *
+ * @interface BarClass : NSObject
+ * @property (nonatomic) enum Foo_Enum value;
+ * - (void)bazMethod:(enum Foo_Enum):value;
+ * @end
+ * ```
+ **/
+#define GPB_ENUM_FWD_DECLARE(X) enum X : int32_t
+
+/**
+ * Based upon CF_INLINE. Forces inlining in non DEBUG builds.
+ **/
+#if !defined(DEBUG)
+#define GPB_INLINE static __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline))
+#else
+#define GPB_INLINE static __inline__
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * For use in public headers that might need to deal with ARC.
+ **/
+#ifndef GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED
+#if __has_feature(objc_arc)
+#define GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED __unsafe_unretained
+#else
+#define GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Attribute used for Objective-C proto interface deprecations without messages.
+ **/
+#ifndef GPB_DEPRECATED
+#define GPB_DEPRECATED __attribute__((deprecated))
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Attribute used for Objective-C proto interface deprecations with messages.
+ **/
+#ifndef GPB_DEPRECATED_MSG
+#if __has_extension(attribute_deprecated_with_message)
+#define GPB_DEPRECATED_MSG(msg) __attribute__((deprecated(msg)))
+#else
+#define GPB_DEPRECATED_MSG(msg) __attribute__((deprecated))
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// If property name starts with init we need to annotate it to get past ARC.
+// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18723226/how-do-i-annotate-an-objective-c-property-with-an-objc-method-family/18723227#18723227
+//
+// Meant to be used internally by generated code.
+#define GPB_METHOD_FAMILY_NONE __attribute__((objc_method_family(none)))
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// These version numbers are all internal to the ObjC Protobuf runtime; they
+// are used to ensure compatibility between the generated sources and the
+// headers being compiled against and/or the version of sources being run
+// against.
+//
+// They are all #defines so the values are captured into every .o file they
+// are used in and to allow comparisons in the preprocessor.
+
+// Current library runtime version.
+// - Gets bumped when the runtime makes changes to the interfaces between the
+//   generated code and runtime (things added/removed, etc).
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION 30002
+
+// Minimum runtime version supported for compiling/running against.
+// - Gets changed when support for the older generated code is dropped.
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION 30001
+
+
+// This is a legacy constant now frozen in time for old generated code. If
+// GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION ever gets moved above 30001 then
+// this should also change to break code compiled with an old runtime that
+// can't be supported any more.
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_GEN_VERSION 30001
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedInputStream.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedInputStream.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fbe5009c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedInputStream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+@class GPBMessage;
+@class GPBExtensionRegistry;
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+/**
+ * @c GPBCodedInputStream exception name. Exceptions raised from
+ * @c GPBCodedInputStream contain an underlying error in the userInfo dictionary
+ * under the GPBCodedInputStreamUnderlyingErrorKey key.
+ **/
+extern NSString *const GPBCodedInputStreamException;
+
+/** The key under which the underlying NSError from the exception is stored. */
+extern NSString *const GPBCodedInputStreamUnderlyingErrorKey;
+
+/** NSError domain used for @c GPBCodedInputStream errors. */
+extern NSString *const GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain;
+
+/**
+ * Error code for NSError with @c GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain.
+ **/
+typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorCode) {
+  /** The size does not fit in the remaining bytes to be read. */
+  GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidSize = -100,
+  /** Attempted to read beyond the subsection limit. */
+  GPBCodedInputStreamErrorSubsectionLimitReached = -101,
+  /** The requested subsection limit is invalid. */
+  GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidSubsectionLimit = -102,
+  /** Invalid tag read. */
+  GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidTag = -103,
+  /** Invalid UTF-8 character in a string. */
+  GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidUTF8 = -104,
+  /** Invalid VarInt read. */
+  GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidVarInt = -105,
+  /** The maximum recursion depth of messages was exceeded. */
+  GPBCodedInputStreamErrorRecursionDepthExceeded = -106,
+};
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
+
+/**
+ * Reads and decodes protocol message fields.
+ *
+ * The common uses of protocol buffers shouldn't need to use this class.
+ * @c GPBMessage's provide a @c +parseFromData:error: and
+ * @c +parseFromData:extensionRegistry:error: method that will decode a
+ * message for you.
+ *
+ * @note Subclassing of @c GPBCodedInputStream is NOT supported.
+ **/
+@interface GPBCodedInputStream : NSObject
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new stream wrapping some data.
+ *
+ * @param data The data to wrap inside the stream.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBCodedInputStream.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)streamWithData:(NSData *)data;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a stream wrapping some data.
+ *
+ * @param data The data to wrap inside the stream.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBCodedInputStream.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithData:(NSData *)data;
+
+/**
+ * Attempts to read a field tag, returning zero if we have reached EOF.
+ * Protocol message parsers use this to read tags, since a protocol message
+ * may legally end wherever a tag occurs, and zero is not a valid tag number.
+ *
+ * @return The field tag, or zero if EOF was reached.
+ **/
+- (int32_t)readTag;
+
+/**
+ * @return A double read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (double)readDouble;
+/**
+ * @return A float read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (float)readFloat;
+/**
+ * @return A uint64 read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (uint64_t)readUInt64;
+/**
+ * @return A uint32 read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (uint32_t)readUInt32;
+/**
+ * @return An int64 read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (int64_t)readInt64;
+/**
+ * @return An int32 read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (int32_t)readInt32;
+/**
+ * @return A fixed64 read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (uint64_t)readFixed64;
+/**
+ * @return A fixed32 read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (uint32_t)readFixed32;
+/**
+ * @return An enum read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (int32_t)readEnum;
+/**
+ * @return A sfixed32 read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (int32_t)readSFixed32;
+/**
+ * @return A fixed64 read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (int64_t)readSFixed64;
+/**
+ * @return A sint32 read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (int32_t)readSInt32;
+/**
+ * @return A sint64 read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (int64_t)readSInt64;
+/**
+ * @return A boolean read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)readBool;
+/**
+ * @return A string read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (NSString *)readString;
+/**
+ * @return Data read from the stream.
+ **/
+- (NSData *)readBytes;
+
+/**
+ * Read an embedded message field value from the stream.
+ *
+ * @param message           The message to set fields on as they are read.
+ * @param extensionRegistry An optional extension registry to use to lookup
+ *                          extensions for message.
+ **/
+- (void)readMessage:(GPBMessage *)message
+  extensionRegistry:(nullable GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+
+/**
+ * Reads and discards a single field, given its tag value.
+ *
+ * @param tag The tag number of the field to skip.
+ *
+ * @return NO if the tag is an endgroup tag (in which case nothing is skipped),
+ *         YES in all other cases.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)skipField:(int32_t)tag;
+
+/**
+ * Reads and discards an entire message. This will read either until EOF or
+ * until an endgroup tag, whichever comes first.
+ **/
+- (void)skipMessage;
+
+/**
+ * Check to see if the logical end of the stream has been reached.
+ *
+ * @note This can return NO when there is no more data, but the current parsing
+ *       expected more data.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the logical end of the stream has been reached, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)isAtEnd;
+
+/**
+ * @return The offset into the stream.
+ **/
+- (size_t)position;
+
+/**
+ * Moves the limit to the given byte offset starting at the current location.
+ *
+ * @exception GPBCodedInputStreamException If the requested bytes exceeed the
+ *            current limit.
+ *
+ * @param byteLimit The number of bytes to move the limit, offset to the current
+ *                  location.
+ *
+ * @return The limit offset before moving the new limit.
+ */
+- (size_t)pushLimit:(size_t)byteLimit;
+
+/**
+ * Moves the limit back to the offset as it was before calling pushLimit:.
+ *
+ * @param oldLimit The number of bytes to move the current limit. Usually this
+ *                 is the value returned by the pushLimit: method.
+ */
+- (void)popLimit:(size_t)oldLimit;
+
+/**
+ * Verifies that the last call to -readTag returned the given tag value. This
+ * is used to verify that a nested group ended with the correct end tag.
+ *
+ * @exception NSParseErrorException If the value does not match the last tag.
+ *
+ * @param expected The tag that was expected.
+ **/
+- (void)checkLastTagWas:(int32_t)expected;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedInputStream.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedInputStream.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1864d9127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedInputStream.m
@@ -0,0 +1,513 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBCodedInputStream_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+#import "GPBDictionary_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownFieldSet_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBWireFormat.h"
+
+NSString *const GPBCodedInputStreamException =
+    GPBNSStringifySymbol(GPBCodedInputStreamException);
+
+NSString *const GPBCodedInputStreamUnderlyingErrorKey =
+    GPBNSStringifySymbol(GPBCodedInputStreamUnderlyingErrorKey);
+
+NSString *const GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain =
+    GPBNSStringifySymbol(GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain);
+
+// Matching:
+// https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStream.java#L62
+//  private static final int DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT = 100;
+// https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc#L86
+//  int CodedInputStream::default_recursion_limit_ = 100;
+static const NSUInteger kDefaultRecursionLimit = 100;
+
+static void RaiseException(NSInteger code, NSString *reason) {
+  NSDictionary *errorInfo = nil;
+  if ([reason length]) {
+    errorInfo = @{ GPBErrorReasonKey: reason };
+  }
+  NSError *error = [NSError errorWithDomain:GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain
+                                       code:code
+                                   userInfo:errorInfo];
+
+  NSDictionary *exceptionInfo =
+      @{ GPBCodedInputStreamUnderlyingErrorKey: error };
+  [[NSException exceptionWithName:GPBCodedInputStreamException
+                           reason:reason
+                         userInfo:exceptionInfo] raise];
+}
+
+static void CheckRecursionLimit(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  if (state->recursionDepth >= kDefaultRecursionLimit) {
+    RaiseException(GPBCodedInputStreamErrorRecursionDepthExceeded, nil);
+  }
+}
+
+static void CheckSize(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state, size_t size) {
+  size_t newSize = state->bufferPos + size;
+  if (newSize > state->bufferSize) {
+    RaiseException(GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidSize, nil);
+  }
+  if (newSize > state->currentLimit) {
+    // Fast forward to end of currentLimit;
+    state->bufferPos = state->currentLimit;
+    RaiseException(GPBCodedInputStreamErrorSubsectionLimitReached, nil);
+  }
+}
+
+static int8_t ReadRawByte(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  CheckSize(state, sizeof(int8_t));
+  return ((int8_t *)state->bytes)[state->bufferPos++];
+}
+
+static int32_t ReadRawLittleEndian32(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  CheckSize(state, sizeof(int32_t));
+  // Not using OSReadLittleInt32 because it has undocumented dependency
+  // on reads being aligned.
+  int32_t value;
+  memcpy(&value, state->bytes + state->bufferPos, sizeof(int32_t));
+  value = OSSwapLittleToHostInt32(value);
+  state->bufferPos += sizeof(int32_t);
+  return value;
+}
+
+static int64_t ReadRawLittleEndian64(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  CheckSize(state, sizeof(int64_t));
+  // Not using OSReadLittleInt64 because it has undocumented dependency
+  // on reads being aligned.  
+  int64_t value;
+  memcpy(&value, state->bytes + state->bufferPos, sizeof(int64_t));
+  value = OSSwapLittleToHostInt64(value);
+  state->bufferPos += sizeof(int64_t);
+  return value;
+}
+
+static int64_t ReadRawVarint64(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  int32_t shift = 0;
+  int64_t result = 0;
+  while (shift < 64) {
+    int8_t b = ReadRawByte(state);
+    result |= (int64_t)((uint64_t)(b & 0x7F) << shift);
+    if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    shift += 7;
+  }
+  RaiseException(GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidVarInt, @"Invalid VarInt64");
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int32_t ReadRawVarint32(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  return (int32_t)ReadRawVarint64(state);
+}
+
+static void SkipRawData(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state, size_t size) {
+  CheckSize(state, size);
+  state->bufferPos += size;
+}
+
+double GPBCodedInputStreamReadDouble(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  int64_t value = ReadRawLittleEndian64(state);
+  return GPBConvertInt64ToDouble(value);
+}
+
+float GPBCodedInputStreamReadFloat(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  int32_t value = ReadRawLittleEndian32(state);
+  return GPBConvertInt32ToFloat(value);
+}
+
+uint64_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadUInt64(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  uint64_t value = ReadRawVarint64(state);
+  return value;
+}
+
+uint32_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadUInt32(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  uint32_t value = ReadRawVarint32(state);
+  return value;
+}
+
+int64_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadInt64(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  int64_t value = ReadRawVarint64(state);
+  return value;
+}
+
+int32_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadInt32(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  int32_t value = ReadRawVarint32(state);
+  return value;
+}
+
+uint64_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadFixed64(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  uint64_t value = ReadRawLittleEndian64(state);
+  return value;
+}
+
+uint32_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadFixed32(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  uint32_t value = ReadRawLittleEndian32(state);
+  return value;
+}
+
+int32_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadEnum(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  int32_t value = ReadRawVarint32(state);
+  return value;
+}
+
+int32_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadSFixed32(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  int32_t value = ReadRawLittleEndian32(state);
+  return value;
+}
+
+int64_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadSFixed64(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  int64_t value = ReadRawLittleEndian64(state);
+  return value;
+}
+
+int32_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadSInt32(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  int32_t value = GPBDecodeZigZag32(ReadRawVarint32(state));
+  return value;
+}
+
+int64_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadSInt64(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  int64_t value = GPBDecodeZigZag64(ReadRawVarint64(state));
+  return value;
+}
+
+BOOL GPBCodedInputStreamReadBool(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  return ReadRawVarint64(state) != 0;
+}
+
+int32_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadTag(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  if (GPBCodedInputStreamIsAtEnd(state)) {
+    state->lastTag = 0;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  state->lastTag = ReadRawVarint32(state);
+  // Tags have to include a valid wireformat.
+  if (!GPBWireFormatIsValidTag(state->lastTag)) {
+    RaiseException(GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidTag,
+                   @"Invalid wireformat in tag.");
+  }
+  // Zero is not a valid field number.
+  if (GPBWireFormatGetTagFieldNumber(state->lastTag) == 0) {
+    RaiseException(GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidTag,
+                   @"A zero field number on the wire is invalid.");
+  }
+  return state->lastTag;
+}
+
+NSString *GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedString(
+    GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  int32_t size = ReadRawVarint32(state);
+  NSString *result;
+  if (size == 0) {
+    result = @"";
+  } else {
+    CheckSize(state, size);
+    result = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:&state->bytes[state->bufferPos]
+                                      length:size
+                                    encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+    state->bufferPos += size;
+    if (!result) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+      // https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto#scalar
+      NSLog(@"UTF-8 failure, is some field type 'string' when it should be "
+            @"'bytes'?");
+#endif
+      RaiseException(GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidUTF8, nil);
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+NSData *GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedBytes(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  int32_t size = ReadRawVarint32(state);
+  if (size < 0) return nil;
+  CheckSize(state, size);
+  NSData *result = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:state->bytes + state->bufferPos
+                                          length:size];
+  state->bufferPos += size;
+  return result;
+}
+
+NSData *GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedBytesNoCopy(
+    GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  int32_t size = ReadRawVarint32(state);
+  if (size < 0) return nil;
+  CheckSize(state, size);
+  // Cast is safe because freeWhenDone is NO.
+  NSData *result = [[NSData alloc]
+      initWithBytesNoCopy:(void *)(state->bytes + state->bufferPos)
+                   length:size
+             freeWhenDone:NO];
+  state->bufferPos += size;
+  return result;
+}
+
+size_t GPBCodedInputStreamPushLimit(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state,
+                                    size_t byteLimit) {
+  byteLimit += state->bufferPos;
+  size_t oldLimit = state->currentLimit;
+  if (byteLimit > oldLimit) {
+    RaiseException(GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidSubsectionLimit, nil);
+  }
+  state->currentLimit = byteLimit;
+  return oldLimit;
+}
+
+void GPBCodedInputStreamPopLimit(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state,
+                                 size_t oldLimit) {
+  state->currentLimit = oldLimit;
+}
+
+size_t GPBCodedInputStreamBytesUntilLimit(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  return state->currentLimit - state->bufferPos;
+}
+
+BOOL GPBCodedInputStreamIsAtEnd(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) {
+  return (state->bufferPos == state->bufferSize) ||
+         (state->bufferPos == state->currentLimit);
+}
+
+void GPBCodedInputStreamCheckLastTagWas(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state,
+                                        int32_t value) {
+  if (state->lastTag != value) {
+    RaiseException(GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidTag, @"Unexpected tag read");
+  }
+}
+
+@implementation GPBCodedInputStream
+
++ (instancetype)streamWithData:(NSData *)data {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithData:data] autorelease];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithData:(NSData *)data {
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    NSCAssert([self class] == [GPBCodedInputStream class],
+              @"Subclassing of GPBCodedInputStream is not allowed.");
+#endif
+    buffer_ = [data retain];
+    state_.bytes = (const uint8_t *)[data bytes];
+    state_.bufferSize = [data length];
+    state_.currentLimit = state_.bufferSize;
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  [buffer_ release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+// Direct access is use for speed, to avoid even internally declaring things
+// read/write, etc. The warning is enabled in the project to ensure code calling
+// protos can turn on -Wdirect-ivar-access without issues.
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+- (int32_t)readTag {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadTag(&state_);
+}
+
+- (void)checkLastTagWas:(int32_t)value {
+  GPBCodedInputStreamCheckLastTagWas(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)skipField:(int32_t)tag {
+  NSAssert(GPBWireFormatIsValidTag(tag), @"Invalid tag");
+  switch (GPBWireFormatGetTagWireType(tag)) {
+    case GPBWireFormatVarint:
+      GPBCodedInputStreamReadInt32(&state_);
+      return YES;
+    case GPBWireFormatFixed64:
+      SkipRawData(&state_, sizeof(int64_t));
+      return YES;
+    case GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited:
+      SkipRawData(&state_, ReadRawVarint32(&state_));
+      return YES;
+    case GPBWireFormatStartGroup:
+      [self skipMessage];
+      GPBCodedInputStreamCheckLastTagWas(
+          &state_, GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBWireFormatGetTagFieldNumber(tag),
+                                        GPBWireFormatEndGroup));
+      return YES;
+    case GPBWireFormatEndGroup:
+      return NO;
+    case GPBWireFormatFixed32:
+      SkipRawData(&state_, sizeof(int32_t));
+      return YES;
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)skipMessage {
+  while (YES) {
+    int32_t tag = GPBCodedInputStreamReadTag(&state_);
+    if (tag == 0 || ![self skipField:tag]) {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isAtEnd {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamIsAtEnd(&state_);
+}
+
+- (size_t)position {
+  return state_.bufferPos;
+}
+
+- (size_t)pushLimit:(size_t)byteLimit {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamPushLimit(&state_, byteLimit);
+}
+
+- (void)popLimit:(size_t)oldLimit {
+  GPBCodedInputStreamPopLimit(&state_, oldLimit);
+}
+
+- (double)readDouble {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadDouble(&state_);
+}
+
+- (float)readFloat {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadFloat(&state_);
+}
+
+- (uint64_t)readUInt64 {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadUInt64(&state_);
+}
+
+- (int64_t)readInt64 {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadInt64(&state_);
+}
+
+- (int32_t)readInt32 {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadInt32(&state_);
+}
+
+- (uint64_t)readFixed64 {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadFixed64(&state_);
+}
+
+- (uint32_t)readFixed32 {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadFixed32(&state_);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)readBool {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadBool(&state_);
+}
+
+- (NSString *)readString {
+  return [GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedString(&state_) autorelease];
+}
+
+- (void)readGroup:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+              message:(GPBMessage *)message
+    extensionRegistry:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry {
+  CheckRecursionLimit(&state_);
+  ++state_.recursionDepth;
+  [message mergeFromCodedInputStream:self extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+  GPBCodedInputStreamCheckLastTagWas(
+      &state_, GPBWireFormatMakeTag(fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatEndGroup));
+  --state_.recursionDepth;
+}
+
+- (void)readUnknownGroup:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                 message:(GPBUnknownFieldSet *)message {
+  CheckRecursionLimit(&state_);
+  ++state_.recursionDepth;
+  [message mergeFromCodedInputStream:self];
+  GPBCodedInputStreamCheckLastTagWas(
+      &state_, GPBWireFormatMakeTag(fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatEndGroup));
+  --state_.recursionDepth;
+}
+
+- (void)readMessage:(GPBMessage *)message
+    extensionRegistry:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry {
+  CheckRecursionLimit(&state_);
+  int32_t length = ReadRawVarint32(&state_);
+  size_t oldLimit = GPBCodedInputStreamPushLimit(&state_, length);
+  ++state_.recursionDepth;
+  [message mergeFromCodedInputStream:self extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+  GPBCodedInputStreamCheckLastTagWas(&state_, 0);
+  --state_.recursionDepth;
+  GPBCodedInputStreamPopLimit(&state_, oldLimit);
+}
+
+- (void)readMapEntry:(id)mapDictionary
+    extensionRegistry:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry
+                field:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field
+        parentMessage:(GPBMessage *)parentMessage {
+  CheckRecursionLimit(&state_);
+  int32_t length = ReadRawVarint32(&state_);
+  size_t oldLimit = GPBCodedInputStreamPushLimit(&state_, length);
+  ++state_.recursionDepth;
+  GPBDictionaryReadEntry(mapDictionary, self, extensionRegistry, field,
+                         parentMessage);
+  GPBCodedInputStreamCheckLastTagWas(&state_, 0);
+  --state_.recursionDepth;
+  GPBCodedInputStreamPopLimit(&state_, oldLimit);
+}
+
+- (NSData *)readBytes {
+  return [GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedBytes(&state_) autorelease];
+}
+
+- (uint32_t)readUInt32 {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadUInt32(&state_);
+}
+
+- (int32_t)readEnum {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadEnum(&state_);
+}
+
+- (int32_t)readSFixed32 {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadSFixed32(&state_);
+}
+
+- (int64_t)readSFixed64 {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadSFixed64(&state_);
+}
+
+- (int32_t)readSInt32 {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadSInt32(&state_);
+}
+
+- (int64_t)readSInt64 {
+  return GPBCodedInputStreamReadSInt64(&state_);
+}
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedInputStream_PackagePrivate.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedInputStream_PackagePrivate.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43ec6e79b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedInputStream_PackagePrivate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This header is private to the ProtobolBuffers library and must NOT be
+// included by any sources outside this library. The contents of this file are
+// subject to change at any time without notice.
+
+#import "GPBCodedInputStream.h"
+
+@class GPBUnknownFieldSet;
+@class GPBFieldDescriptor;
+
+typedef struct GPBCodedInputStreamState {
+  const uint8_t *bytes;
+  size_t bufferSize;
+  size_t bufferPos;
+
+  // For parsing subsections of an input stream you can put a hard limit on
+  // how much should be read. Normally the limit is the end of the stream,
+  // but you can adjust it to anywhere, and if you hit it you will be at the
+  // end of the stream, until you adjust the limit.
+  size_t currentLimit;
+  int32_t lastTag;
+  NSUInteger recursionDepth;
+} GPBCodedInputStreamState;
+
+@interface GPBCodedInputStream () {
+ @package
+  struct GPBCodedInputStreamState state_;
+  NSData *buffer_;
+}
+
+// Group support is deprecated, so we hide this interface from users, but
+// support for older data.
+- (void)readGroup:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+              message:(GPBMessage *)message
+    extensionRegistry:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+
+// Reads a group field value from the stream and merges it into the given
+// UnknownFieldSet.
+- (void)readUnknownGroup:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                 message:(GPBUnknownFieldSet *)message;
+
+// Reads a map entry.
+- (void)readMapEntry:(id)mapDictionary
+    extensionRegistry:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry
+                field:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field
+        parentMessage:(GPBMessage *)parentMessage;
+@end
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+int32_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadTag(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+
+double GPBCodedInputStreamReadDouble(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+float GPBCodedInputStreamReadFloat(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+uint64_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadUInt64(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+uint32_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadUInt32(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+int64_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadInt64(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+int32_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadInt32(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+uint64_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadFixed64(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+uint32_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadFixed32(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+int32_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadEnum(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+int32_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadSFixed32(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+int64_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadSFixed64(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+int32_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadSInt32(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+int64_t GPBCodedInputStreamReadSInt64(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+BOOL GPBCodedInputStreamReadBool(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+NSString *GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedString(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state)
+    __attribute((ns_returns_retained));
+NSData *GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedBytes(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state)
+    __attribute((ns_returns_retained));
+NSData *GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedBytesNoCopy(
+    GPBCodedInputStreamState *state) __attribute((ns_returns_retained));
+
+size_t GPBCodedInputStreamPushLimit(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state,
+                                    size_t byteLimit);
+void GPBCodedInputStreamPopLimit(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state,
+                                 size_t oldLimit);
+size_t GPBCodedInputStreamBytesUntilLimit(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+BOOL GPBCodedInputStreamIsAtEnd(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state);
+void GPBCodedInputStreamCheckLastTagWas(GPBCodedInputStreamState *state,
+                                        int32_t value);
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedOutputStream.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedOutputStream.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23c404b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedOutputStream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import "GPBRuntimeTypes.h"
+#import "GPBWireFormat.h"
+
+@class GPBBoolArray;
+@class GPBDoubleArray;
+@class GPBEnumArray;
+@class GPBFloatArray;
+@class GPBMessage;
+@class GPBInt32Array;
+@class GPBInt64Array;
+@class GPBUInt32Array;
+@class GPBUInt64Array;
+@class GPBUnknownFieldSet;
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+/**
+ * @c GPBCodedOutputStream exception names.
+ **/
+extern NSString *const GPBCodedOutputStreamException_OutOfSpace;
+extern NSString *const GPBCodedOutputStreamException_WriteFailed;
+
+/**
+ * Writes out protocol message fields.
+ *
+ * The common uses of protocol buffers shouldn't need to use this class.
+ * GPBMessage's provide a -data method that will serialize the message for you.
+ *
+ * @note Any -write* api can raise the GPBCodedOutputStreamException_*
+ *       exceptions.
+ *
+ * @note Subclassing of GPBCodedOutputStream is NOT supported.
+ **/
+@interface GPBCodedOutputStream : NSObject
+
+/**
+ * Creates a stream to fill in the given data. Data must be sized to fit or
+ * an error will be raised when out of space.
+ *
+ * @param data The data where the stream will be written to.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBCodedOutputStream.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)streamWithData:(NSMutableData *)data;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a stream to write into the given NSOutputStream.
+ *
+ * @param output The output stream where the stream will be written to.
+ *
+ * @return A newly instanced GPBCodedOutputStream.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)streamWithOutputStream:(NSOutputStream *)output;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a stream to fill in the given data. Data must be sized to fit
+ * or an error will be raised when out of space.
+ *
+ * @param data The data where the stream will be written to.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBCodedOutputStream.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithData:(NSMutableData *)data;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a stream to write into the given @c NSOutputStream.
+ *
+ * @param output The output stream where the stream will be written to.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBCodedOutputStream.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithOutputStream:(NSOutputStream *)output;
+
+/**
+ * Flush any buffered data out.
+ **/
+- (void)flush;
+
+/**
+ * Write the raw byte out.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeRawByte:(uint8_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write the tag for the given field number and wire format.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param format      The wire format the data for the field will be in.
+ **/
+- (void)writeTag:(uint32_t)fieldNumber format:(GPBWireFormat)format;
+
+/**
+ * Write a 32bit value out in little endian format.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeRawLittleEndian32:(int32_t)value;
+/**
+ * Write a 64bit value out in little endian format.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeRawLittleEndian64:(int64_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a 32bit value out in varint format.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeRawVarint32:(int32_t)value;
+/**
+ * Write a 64bit value out in varint format.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeRawVarint64:(int64_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a size_t out as a 32bit varint value.
+ *
+ * @note This will truncate 64 bit values to 32.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeRawVarintSizeTAs32:(size_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Writes the contents of an NSData out.
+ *
+ * @param data The data to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeRawData:(NSData *)data;
+/**
+ * Writes out the given data.
+ *
+ * @param data   The data blob to write out.
+ * @param offset The offset into the blob to start writing out.
+ * @param length The number of bytes from the blob to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeRawPtr:(const void *)data
+             offset:(size_t)offset
+             length:(size_t)length;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND _WRITE_DECLS()
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+/**
+ * Write a double for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeDouble:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(double)value;
+/**
+ * Write a packed array of double for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+ **/
+- (void)writeDoubleArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                  values:(GPBDoubleArray *)values
+                     tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+/**
+ * Write a double without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeDoubleNoTag:(double)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a float for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeFloat:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(float)value;
+/**
+ * Write a packed array of float for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+ **/
+- (void)writeFloatArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                 values:(GPBFloatArray *)values
+                    tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+/**
+ * Write a float without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeFloatNoTag:(float)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a uint64_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeUInt64:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(uint64_t)value;
+/**
+ * Write a packed array of uint64_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+ **/
+- (void)writeUInt64Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                  values:(GPBUInt64Array *)values
+                     tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+/**
+ * Write a uint64_t without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeUInt64NoTag:(uint64_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a int64_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeInt64:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(int64_t)value;
+/**
+ * Write a packed array of int64_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+ **/
+- (void)writeInt64Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                 values:(GPBInt64Array *)values
+                    tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+/**
+ * Write a int64_t without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeInt64NoTag:(int64_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a int32_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeInt32:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(int32_t)value;
+/**
+ * Write a packed array of int32_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+ **/
+- (void)writeInt32Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                 values:(GPBInt32Array *)values
+                    tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+/**
+ * Write a int32_t without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a uint32_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeUInt32:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(uint32_t)value;
+/**
+ * Write a packed array of uint32_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+ **/
+- (void)writeUInt32Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                  values:(GPBUInt32Array *)values
+                     tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+/**
+ * Write a uint32_t without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeUInt32NoTag:(uint32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a uint64_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeFixed64:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(uint64_t)value;
+/**
+ * Write a packed array of uint64_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+ **/
+- (void)writeFixed64Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                   values:(GPBUInt64Array *)values
+                      tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+/**
+ * Write a uint64_t without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeFixed64NoTag:(uint64_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a uint32_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeFixed32:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(uint32_t)value;
+/**
+ * Write a packed array of uint32_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+ **/
+- (void)writeFixed32Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                   values:(GPBUInt32Array *)values
+                      tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+/**
+ * Write a uint32_t without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeFixed32NoTag:(uint32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a int32_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeSInt32:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(int32_t)value;
+/**
+ * Write a packed array of int32_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+ **/
+- (void)writeSInt32Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                  values:(GPBInt32Array *)values
+                     tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+/**
+ * Write a int32_t without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeSInt32NoTag:(int32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a int64_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeSInt64:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(int64_t)value;
+/**
+ * Write a packed array of int64_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+ **/
+- (void)writeSInt64Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                  values:(GPBInt64Array *)values
+                     tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+/**
+ * Write a int64_t without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeSInt64NoTag:(int64_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a int64_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeSFixed64:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(int64_t)value;
+/**
+ * Write a packed array of int64_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+ **/
+- (void)writeSFixed64Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                    values:(GPBInt64Array *)values
+                       tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+/**
+ * Write a int64_t without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeSFixed64NoTag:(int64_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a int32_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeSFixed32:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(int32_t)value;
+/**
+ * Write a packed array of int32_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+ **/
+- (void)writeSFixed32Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                    values:(GPBInt32Array *)values
+                       tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+/**
+ * Write a int32_t without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeSFixed32NoTag:(int32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a BOOL for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeBool:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(BOOL)value;
+/**
+ * Write a packed array of BOOL for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+ **/
+- (void)writeBoolArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                values:(GPBBoolArray *)values
+                   tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+/**
+ * Write a BOOL without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeBoolNoTag:(BOOL)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a int32_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeEnum:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(int32_t)value;
+/**
+ * Write a packed array of int32_t for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+ **/
+- (void)writeEnumArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                values:(GPBEnumArray *)values
+                   tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+/**
+ * Write a int32_t without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeEnumNoTag:(int32_t)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a NSString for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeString:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(NSString *)value;
+/**
+ * Write an array of NSString for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeStringArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber values:(NSArray<NSString*> *)values;
+/**
+ * Write a NSString without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeStringNoTag:(NSString *)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a GPBMessage for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeMessage:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(GPBMessage *)value;
+/**
+ * Write an array of GPBMessage for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeMessageArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber values:(NSArray<GPBMessage*> *)values;
+/**
+ * Write a GPBMessage without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeMessageNoTag:(GPBMessage *)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a NSData for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeBytes:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(NSData *)value;
+/**
+ * Write an array of NSData for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeBytesArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber values:(NSArray<NSData*> *)values;
+/**
+ * Write a NSData without any tag.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeBytesNoTag:(NSData *)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a GPBMessage for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeGroup:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+             value:(GPBMessage *)value;
+/**
+ * Write an array of GPBMessage for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeGroupArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber values:(NSArray<GPBMessage*> *)values;
+/**
+ * Write a GPBMessage without any tag (but does write the endGroup tag).
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeGroupNoTag:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                  value:(GPBMessage *)value;
+
+/**
+ * Write a GPBUnknownFieldSet for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeUnknownGroup:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                    value:(GPBUnknownFieldSet *)value;
+/**
+ * Write an array of GPBUnknownFieldSet for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+ * @param values      The values to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeUnknownGroupArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber values:(NSArray<GPBUnknownFieldSet*> *)values;
+/**
+ * Write a GPBUnknownFieldSet without any tag (but does write the endGroup tag).
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+ * @param value       The value to write out.
+ **/
+- (void)writeUnknownGroupNoTag:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                         value:(GPBUnknownFieldSet *)value;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END _WRITE_DECLS()
+
+/**
+Write a MessageSet extension field to the stream. For historical reasons,
+the wire format differs from normal fields.
+
+@param fieldNumber The extension field number to write out.
+@param value       The message from where to get the extension.
+*/
+- (void)writeMessageSetExtension:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(GPBMessage *)value;
+
+/**
+Write an unparsed MessageSet extension field to the stream. For historical
+reasons, the wire format differs from normal fields.
+
+@param fieldNumber The extension field number to write out.
+@param value       The raw message from where to get the extension.
+*/
+- (void)writeRawMessageSetExtension:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(NSData *)value;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+// Write methods for types that can be in packed arrays.
+//%PDDM-DEFINE _WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(NAME, ARRAY_TYPE, TYPE)
+//%/**
+//% * Write a TYPE for the given field number.
+//% *
+//% * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+//% * @param value       The value to write out.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)write##NAME:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(TYPE)value;
+//%/**
+//% * Write a packed array of TYPE for the given field number.
+//% *
+//% * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+//% * @param values      The values to write out.
+//% * @param tag         The tag assigned to the values.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)write##NAME##Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+//%       NAME$S     values:(GPB##ARRAY_TYPE##Array *)values
+//%       NAME$S        tag:(uint32_t)tag;
+//%/**
+//% * Write a TYPE without any tag.
+//% *
+//% * @param value The value to write out.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)write##NAME##NoTag:(TYPE)value;
+//%
+// Write methods for types that aren't in packed arrays.
+//%PDDM-DEFINE _WRITE_UNPACKABLE_DECLS(NAME, TYPE)
+//%/**
+//% * Write a TYPE for the given field number.
+//% *
+//% * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+//% * @param value       The value to write out.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)write##NAME:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(TYPE *)value;
+//%/**
+//% * Write an array of TYPE for the given field number.
+//% *
+//% * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+//% * @param values      The values to write out.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)write##NAME##Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber values:(NSArray<##TYPE##*> *)values;
+//%/**
+//% * Write a TYPE without any tag.
+//% *
+//% * @param value The value to write out.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)write##NAME##NoTag:(TYPE *)value;
+//%
+// Special write methods for Groups.
+//%PDDM-DEFINE _WRITE_GROUP_DECLS(NAME, TYPE)
+//%/**
+//% * Write a TYPE for the given field number.
+//% *
+//% * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+//% * @param value       The value to write out.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)write##NAME:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+//%       NAME$S value:(TYPE *)value;
+//%/**
+//% * Write an array of TYPE for the given field number.
+//% *
+//% * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the values.
+//% * @param values      The values to write out.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)write##NAME##Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber values:(NSArray<##TYPE##*> *)values;
+//%/**
+//% * Write a TYPE without any tag (but does write the endGroup tag).
+//% *
+//% * @param fieldNumber The field number assigned to the value.
+//% * @param value       The value to write out.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)write##NAME##NoTag:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+//%            NAME$S value:(TYPE *)value;
+//%
+
+// One macro to hide it all up above.
+//%PDDM-DEFINE _WRITE_DECLS()
+//%_WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(Double, Double, double)
+//%_WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(Float, Float, float)
+//%_WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(UInt64, UInt64, uint64_t)
+//%_WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(Int64, Int64, int64_t)
+//%_WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(Int32, Int32, int32_t)
+//%_WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(UInt32, UInt32, uint32_t)
+//%_WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(Fixed64, UInt64, uint64_t)
+//%_WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(Fixed32, UInt32, uint32_t)
+//%_WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(SInt32, Int32, int32_t)
+//%_WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(SInt64, Int64, int64_t)
+//%_WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(SFixed64, Int64, int64_t)
+//%_WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(SFixed32, Int32, int32_t)
+//%_WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(Bool, Bool, BOOL)
+//%_WRITE_PACKABLE_DECLS(Enum, Enum, int32_t)
+//%_WRITE_UNPACKABLE_DECLS(String, NSString)
+//%_WRITE_UNPACKABLE_DECLS(Message, GPBMessage)
+//%_WRITE_UNPACKABLE_DECLS(Bytes, NSData)
+//%_WRITE_GROUP_DECLS(Group, GPBMessage)
+//%_WRITE_GROUP_DECLS(UnknownGroup, GPBUnknownFieldSet)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedOutputStream.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedOutputStream.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0693906db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedOutputStream.m
@@ -0,0 +1,1210 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBCodedOutputStream_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+#import <mach/vm_param.h>
+
+#import "GPBArray.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownFieldSet_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+// These values are the existing values so as not to break any code that might
+// have already been inspecting them when they weren't documented/exposed.
+NSString *const GPBCodedOutputStreamException_OutOfSpace = @"OutOfSpace";
+NSString *const GPBCodedOutputStreamException_WriteFailed = @"WriteFailed";
+
+// Structure for containing state of a GPBCodedInputStream. Brought out into
+// a struct so that we can inline several common functions instead of dealing
+// with overhead of ObjC dispatch.
+typedef struct GPBOutputBufferState {
+  uint8_t *bytes;
+  size_t size;
+  size_t position;
+  NSOutputStream *output;
+} GPBOutputBufferState;
+
+@implementation GPBCodedOutputStream {
+  GPBOutputBufferState state_;
+  NSMutableData *buffer_;
+}
+
+static const int32_t LITTLE_ENDIAN_32_SIZE = sizeof(uint32_t);
+static const int32_t LITTLE_ENDIAN_64_SIZE = sizeof(uint64_t);
+
+// Internal helper that writes the current buffer to the output. The
+// buffer position is reset to its initial value when this returns.
+static void GPBRefreshBuffer(GPBOutputBufferState *state) {
+  if (state->output == nil) {
+    // We're writing to a single buffer.
+    [NSException raise:GPBCodedOutputStreamException_OutOfSpace format:@""];
+  }
+  if (state->position != 0) {
+    NSInteger written =
+        [state->output write:state->bytes maxLength:state->position];
+    if (written != (NSInteger)state->position) {
+      [NSException raise:GPBCodedOutputStreamException_WriteFailed format:@""];
+    }
+    state->position = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static void GPBWriteRawByte(GPBOutputBufferState *state, uint8_t value) {
+  if (state->position == state->size) {
+    GPBRefreshBuffer(state);
+  }
+  state->bytes[state->position++] = value;
+}
+
+static void GPBWriteRawVarint32(GPBOutputBufferState *state, int32_t value) {
+  while (YES) {
+    if ((value & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+      uint8_t val = (uint8_t)value;
+      GPBWriteRawByte(state, val);
+      return;
+    } else {
+      GPBWriteRawByte(state, (value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      value = GPBLogicalRightShift32(value, 7);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void GPBWriteRawVarint64(GPBOutputBufferState *state, int64_t value) {
+  while (YES) {
+    if ((value & ~0x7FL) == 0) {
+      uint8_t val = (uint8_t)value;
+      GPBWriteRawByte(state, val);
+      return;
+    } else {
+      GPBWriteRawByte(state, ((int32_t)value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+      value = GPBLogicalRightShift64(value, 7);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void GPBWriteInt32NoTag(GPBOutputBufferState *state, int32_t value) {
+  if (value >= 0) {
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(state, value);
+  } else {
+    // Must sign-extend
+    GPBWriteRawVarint64(state, value);
+  }
+}
+
+static void GPBWriteUInt32(GPBOutputBufferState *state, int32_t fieldNumber,
+                           uint32_t value) {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(state, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatVarint);
+  GPBWriteRawVarint32(state, value);
+}
+
+static void GPBWriteTagWithFormat(GPBOutputBufferState *state,
+                                  uint32_t fieldNumber, GPBWireFormat format) {
+  GPBWriteRawVarint32(state, GPBWireFormatMakeTag(fieldNumber, format));
+}
+
+static void GPBWriteRawLittleEndian32(GPBOutputBufferState *state,
+                                      int32_t value) {
+  GPBWriteRawByte(state, (value)&0xFF);
+  GPBWriteRawByte(state, (value >> 8) & 0xFF);
+  GPBWriteRawByte(state, (value >> 16) & 0xFF);
+  GPBWriteRawByte(state, (value >> 24) & 0xFF);
+}
+
+static void GPBWriteRawLittleEndian64(GPBOutputBufferState *state,
+                                      int64_t value) {
+  GPBWriteRawByte(state, (int32_t)(value)&0xFF);
+  GPBWriteRawByte(state, (int32_t)(value >> 8) & 0xFF);
+  GPBWriteRawByte(state, (int32_t)(value >> 16) & 0xFF);
+  GPBWriteRawByte(state, (int32_t)(value >> 24) & 0xFF);
+  GPBWriteRawByte(state, (int32_t)(value >> 32) & 0xFF);
+  GPBWriteRawByte(state, (int32_t)(value >> 40) & 0xFF);
+  GPBWriteRawByte(state, (int32_t)(value >> 48) & 0xFF);
+  GPBWriteRawByte(state, (int32_t)(value >> 56) & 0xFF);
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  [self flush];
+  [state_.output close];
+  [state_.output release];
+  [buffer_ release];
+
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithOutputStream:(NSOutputStream *)output {
+  NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:PAGE_SIZE];
+  return [self initWithOutputStream:output data:data];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithData:(NSMutableData *)data {
+  return [self initWithOutputStream:nil data:data];
+}
+
+// This initializer isn't exposed, but it is the designated initializer.
+// Setting OutputStream and NSData is to control the buffering behavior/size
+// of the work, but that is more obvious via the bufferSize: version.
+- (instancetype)initWithOutputStream:(NSOutputStream *)output
+                                data:(NSMutableData *)data {
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+    buffer_ = [data retain];
+    state_.bytes = [data mutableBytes];
+    state_.size = [data length];
+    state_.output = [output retain];
+    [state_.output open];
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
++ (instancetype)streamWithOutputStream:(NSOutputStream *)output {
+  NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:PAGE_SIZE];
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithOutputStream:output
+                                        data:data] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)streamWithData:(NSMutableData *)data {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithData:data] autorelease];
+}
+
+// Direct access is use for speed, to avoid even internally declaring things
+// read/write, etc. The warning is enabled in the project to ensure code calling
+// protos can turn on -Wdirect-ivar-access without issues.
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+- (void)writeDoubleNoTag:(double)value {
+  GPBWriteRawLittleEndian64(&state_, GPBConvertDoubleToInt64(value));
+}
+
+- (void)writeDouble:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(double)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatFixed64);
+  GPBWriteRawLittleEndian64(&state_, GPBConvertDoubleToInt64(value));
+}
+
+- (void)writeFloatNoTag:(float)value {
+  GPBWriteRawLittleEndian32(&state_, GPBConvertFloatToInt32(value));
+}
+
+- (void)writeFloat:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(float)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatFixed32);
+  GPBWriteRawLittleEndian32(&state_, GPBConvertFloatToInt32(value));
+}
+
+- (void)writeUInt64NoTag:(uint64_t)value {
+  GPBWriteRawVarint64(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeUInt64:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(uint64_t)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatVarint);
+  GPBWriteRawVarint64(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeInt64NoTag:(int64_t)value {
+  GPBWriteRawVarint64(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeInt64:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(int64_t)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatVarint);
+  GPBWriteRawVarint64(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)value {
+  GPBWriteInt32NoTag(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeInt32:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(int32_t)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatVarint);
+  GPBWriteInt32NoTag(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeFixed64NoTag:(uint64_t)value {
+  GPBWriteRawLittleEndian64(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeFixed64:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(uint64_t)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatFixed64);
+  GPBWriteRawLittleEndian64(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeFixed32NoTag:(uint32_t)value {
+  GPBWriteRawLittleEndian32(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeFixed32:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(uint32_t)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatFixed32);
+  GPBWriteRawLittleEndian32(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeBoolNoTag:(BOOL)value {
+  GPBWriteRawByte(&state_, (value ? 1 : 0));
+}
+
+- (void)writeBool:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(BOOL)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatVarint);
+  GPBWriteRawByte(&state_, (value ? 1 : 0));
+}
+
+- (void)writeStringNoTag:(const NSString *)value {
+  size_t length = [value lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)length);
+  if (length == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const char *quickString =
+      CFStringGetCStringPtr((CFStringRef)value, kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
+
+  // Fast path: Most strings are short, if the buffer already has space,
+  // add to it directly.
+  NSUInteger bufferBytesLeft = state_.size - state_.position;
+  if (bufferBytesLeft >= length) {
+    NSUInteger usedBufferLength = 0;
+    BOOL result;
+    if (quickString != NULL) {
+      memcpy(state_.bytes + state_.position, quickString, length);
+      usedBufferLength = length;
+      result = YES;
+    } else {
+      result = [value getBytes:state_.bytes + state_.position
+                     maxLength:bufferBytesLeft
+                    usedLength:&usedBufferLength
+                      encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding
+                       options:(NSStringEncodingConversionOptions)0
+                         range:NSMakeRange(0, [value length])
+                remainingRange:NULL];
+    }
+    if (result) {
+      NSAssert2((usedBufferLength == length),
+                @"Our UTF8 calc was wrong? %tu vs %zd", usedBufferLength,
+                length);
+      state_.position += usedBufferLength;
+      return;
+    }
+  } else if (quickString != NULL) {
+    [self writeRawPtr:quickString offset:0 length:length];
+  } else {
+    // Slow path: just get it as data and write it out.
+    NSData *utf8Data = [value dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+    NSAssert2(([utf8Data length] == length),
+              @"Strings UTF8 length was wrong? %tu vs %zd", [utf8Data length],
+              length);
+    [self writeRawData:utf8Data];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)writeString:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(NSString *)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  [self writeStringNoTag:value];
+}
+
+- (void)writeGroupNoTag:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(GPBMessage *)value {
+  [value writeToCodedOutputStream:self];
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatEndGroup);
+}
+
+- (void)writeGroup:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(GPBMessage *)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatStartGroup);
+  [self writeGroupNoTag:fieldNumber value:value];
+}
+
+- (void)writeUnknownGroupNoTag:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                         value:(const GPBUnknownFieldSet *)value {
+  [value writeToCodedOutputStream:self];
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatEndGroup);
+}
+
+- (void)writeUnknownGroup:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                    value:(GPBUnknownFieldSet *)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatStartGroup);
+  [self writeUnknownGroupNoTag:fieldNumber value:value];
+}
+
+- (void)writeMessageNoTag:(GPBMessage *)value {
+  GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)[value serializedSize]);
+  [value writeToCodedOutputStream:self];
+}
+
+- (void)writeMessage:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(GPBMessage *)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  [self writeMessageNoTag:value];
+}
+
+- (void)writeBytesNoTag:(NSData *)value {
+  GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)[value length]);
+  [self writeRawData:value];
+}
+
+- (void)writeBytes:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(NSData *)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  [self writeBytesNoTag:value];
+}
+
+- (void)writeUInt32NoTag:(uint32_t)value {
+  GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeUInt32:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(uint32_t)value {
+  GPBWriteUInt32(&state_, fieldNumber, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeEnumNoTag:(int32_t)value {
+  GPBWriteInt32NoTag(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeEnum:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(int32_t)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatVarint);
+  GPBWriteInt32NoTag(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeSFixed32NoTag:(int32_t)value {
+  GPBWriteRawLittleEndian32(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeSFixed32:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(int32_t)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatFixed32);
+  GPBWriteRawLittleEndian32(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeSFixed64NoTag:(int64_t)value {
+  GPBWriteRawLittleEndian64(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeSFixed64:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(int64_t)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatFixed64);
+  GPBWriteRawLittleEndian64(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeSInt32NoTag:(int32_t)value {
+  GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, GPBEncodeZigZag32(value));
+}
+
+- (void)writeSInt32:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(int32_t)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatVarint);
+  GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, GPBEncodeZigZag32(value));
+}
+
+- (void)writeSInt64NoTag:(int64_t)value {
+  GPBWriteRawVarint64(&state_, GPBEncodeZigZag64(value));
+}
+
+- (void)writeSInt64:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(int64_t)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatVarint);
+  GPBWriteRawVarint64(&state_, GPBEncodeZigZag64(value));
+}
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(NAME, ARRAY_TYPE, TYPE, ACCESSOR_NAME)
+//%- (void)write##NAME##Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+//%       NAME$S     values:(GPB##ARRAY_TYPE##Array *)values
+//%       NAME$S        tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+//%  if (tag != 0) {
+//%    if (values.count == 0) return;
+//%    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+//%    [values enumerate##ACCESSOR_NAME##ValuesWithBlock:^(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+//%#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+//%      dataSize += GPBCompute##NAME##SizeNoTag(value);
+//%    }];
+//%    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+//%    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+//%    [values enumerate##ACCESSOR_NAME##ValuesWithBlock:^(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+//%#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+//%      [self write##NAME##NoTag:value];
+//%    }];
+//%  } else {
+//%    [values enumerate##ACCESSOR_NAME##ValuesWithBlock:^(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+//%#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+//%      [self write##NAME:fieldNumber value:value];
+//%    }];
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE WRITE_UNPACKABLE_DEFNS(NAME, TYPE)
+//%- (void)write##NAME##Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber values:(NSArray *)values {
+//%  for (TYPE *value in values) {
+//%    [self write##NAME:fieldNumber value:value];
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(Double, Double, double, )
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeDoubleArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                  values:(GPBDoubleArray *)values
+                     tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    if (values.count == 0) return;
+    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      dataSize += GPBComputeDoubleSizeNoTag(value);
+    }];
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeDoubleNoTag:value];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeDouble:fieldNumber value:value];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(Float, Float, float, )
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeFloatArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                 values:(GPBFloatArray *)values
+                    tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    if (values.count == 0) return;
+    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      dataSize += GPBComputeFloatSizeNoTag(value);
+    }];
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeFloatNoTag:value];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeFloat:fieldNumber value:value];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(UInt64, UInt64, uint64_t, )
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeUInt64Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                  values:(GPBUInt64Array *)values
+                     tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    if (values.count == 0) return;
+    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      dataSize += GPBComputeUInt64SizeNoTag(value);
+    }];
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeUInt64NoTag:value];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeUInt64:fieldNumber value:value];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(Int64, Int64, int64_t, )
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeInt64Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                 values:(GPBInt64Array *)values
+                    tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    if (values.count == 0) return;
+    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      dataSize += GPBComputeInt64SizeNoTag(value);
+    }];
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeInt64NoTag:value];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeInt64:fieldNumber value:value];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(Int32, Int32, int32_t, )
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeInt32Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                 values:(GPBInt32Array *)values
+                    tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    if (values.count == 0) return;
+    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      dataSize += GPBComputeInt32SizeNoTag(value);
+    }];
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeInt32NoTag:value];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeInt32:fieldNumber value:value];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(UInt32, UInt32, uint32_t, )
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeUInt32Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                  values:(GPBUInt32Array *)values
+                     tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    if (values.count == 0) return;
+    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      dataSize += GPBComputeUInt32SizeNoTag(value);
+    }];
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeUInt32NoTag:value];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeUInt32:fieldNumber value:value];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(Fixed64, UInt64, uint64_t, )
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeFixed64Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                   values:(GPBUInt64Array *)values
+                      tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    if (values.count == 0) return;
+    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      dataSize += GPBComputeFixed64SizeNoTag(value);
+    }];
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeFixed64NoTag:value];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeFixed64:fieldNumber value:value];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(Fixed32, UInt32, uint32_t, )
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeFixed32Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                   values:(GPBUInt32Array *)values
+                      tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    if (values.count == 0) return;
+    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      dataSize += GPBComputeFixed32SizeNoTag(value);
+    }];
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeFixed32NoTag:value];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeFixed32:fieldNumber value:value];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(SInt32, Int32, int32_t, )
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeSInt32Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                  values:(GPBInt32Array *)values
+                     tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    if (values.count == 0) return;
+    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      dataSize += GPBComputeSInt32SizeNoTag(value);
+    }];
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeSInt32NoTag:value];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeSInt32:fieldNumber value:value];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(SInt64, Int64, int64_t, )
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeSInt64Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                  values:(GPBInt64Array *)values
+                     tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    if (values.count == 0) return;
+    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      dataSize += GPBComputeSInt64SizeNoTag(value);
+    }];
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeSInt64NoTag:value];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeSInt64:fieldNumber value:value];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(SFixed64, Int64, int64_t, )
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeSFixed64Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                    values:(GPBInt64Array *)values
+                       tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    if (values.count == 0) return;
+    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      dataSize += GPBComputeSFixed64SizeNoTag(value);
+    }];
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeSFixed64NoTag:value];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeSFixed64:fieldNumber value:value];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(SFixed32, Int32, int32_t, )
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeSFixed32Array:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                    values:(GPBInt32Array *)values
+                       tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    if (values.count == 0) return;
+    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      dataSize += GPBComputeSFixed32SizeNoTag(value);
+    }];
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeSFixed32NoTag:value];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeSFixed32:fieldNumber value:value];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(Bool, Bool, BOOL, )
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeBoolArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                values:(GPBBoolArray *)values
+                   tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    if (values.count == 0) return;
+    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      dataSize += GPBComputeBoolSizeNoTag(value);
+    }];
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeBoolNoTag:value];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    [values enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeBool:fieldNumber value:value];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_PACKABLE_DEFNS(Enum, Enum, int32_t, Raw)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeEnumArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                values:(GPBEnumArray *)values
+                   tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    if (values.count == 0) return;
+    __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+    [values enumerateRawValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      dataSize += GPBComputeEnumSizeNoTag(value);
+    }];
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, tag);
+    GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)dataSize);
+    [values enumerateRawValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeEnumNoTag:value];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    [values enumerateRawValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+      [self writeEnum:fieldNumber value:value];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_UNPACKABLE_DEFNS(String, NSString)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeStringArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber values:(NSArray *)values {
+  for (NSString *value in values) {
+    [self writeString:fieldNumber value:value];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_UNPACKABLE_DEFNS(Message, GPBMessage)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeMessageArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber values:(NSArray *)values {
+  for (GPBMessage *value in values) {
+    [self writeMessage:fieldNumber value:value];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_UNPACKABLE_DEFNS(Bytes, NSData)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeBytesArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber values:(NSArray *)values {
+  for (NSData *value in values) {
+    [self writeBytes:fieldNumber value:value];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_UNPACKABLE_DEFNS(Group, GPBMessage)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeGroupArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber values:(NSArray *)values {
+  for (GPBMessage *value in values) {
+    [self writeGroup:fieldNumber value:value];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND WRITE_UNPACKABLE_DEFNS(UnknownGroup, GPBUnknownFieldSet)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)writeUnknownGroupArray:(int32_t)fieldNumber values:(NSArray *)values {
+  for (GPBUnknownFieldSet *value in values) {
+    [self writeUnknownGroup:fieldNumber value:value];
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (19 expansions)
+
+- (void)writeMessageSetExtension:(int32_t)fieldNumber
+                           value:(GPBMessage *)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, GPBWireFormatMessageSetItem,
+                        GPBWireFormatStartGroup);
+  GPBWriteUInt32(&state_, GPBWireFormatMessageSetTypeId, fieldNumber);
+  [self writeMessage:GPBWireFormatMessageSetMessage value:value];
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, GPBWireFormatMessageSetItem,
+                        GPBWireFormatEndGroup);
+}
+
+- (void)writeRawMessageSetExtension:(int32_t)fieldNumber value:(NSData *)value {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, GPBWireFormatMessageSetItem,
+                        GPBWireFormatStartGroup);
+  GPBWriteUInt32(&state_, GPBWireFormatMessageSetTypeId, fieldNumber);
+  [self writeBytes:GPBWireFormatMessageSetMessage value:value];
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, GPBWireFormatMessageSetItem,
+                        GPBWireFormatEndGroup);
+}
+
+- (void)flush {
+  if (state_.output != nil) {
+    GPBRefreshBuffer(&state_);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)writeRawByte:(uint8_t)value {
+  GPBWriteRawByte(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeRawData:(const NSData *)data {
+  [self writeRawPtr:[data bytes] offset:0 length:[data length]];
+}
+
+- (void)writeRawPtr:(const void *)value
+             offset:(size_t)offset
+             length:(size_t)length {
+  if (value == nil || length == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  NSUInteger bufferLength = state_.size;
+  NSUInteger bufferBytesLeft = bufferLength - state_.position;
+  if (bufferBytesLeft >= length) {
+    // We have room in the current buffer.
+    memcpy(state_.bytes + state_.position, ((uint8_t *)value) + offset, length);
+    state_.position += length;
+  } else {
+    // Write extends past current buffer.  Fill the rest of this buffer and
+    // flush.
+    size_t bytesWritten = bufferBytesLeft;
+    memcpy(state_.bytes + state_.position, ((uint8_t *)value) + offset,
+           bytesWritten);
+    offset += bytesWritten;
+    length -= bytesWritten;
+    state_.position = bufferLength;
+    GPBRefreshBuffer(&state_);
+    bufferLength = state_.size;
+
+    // Now deal with the rest.
+    // Since we have an output stream, this is our buffer
+    // and buffer offset == 0
+    if (length <= bufferLength) {
+      // Fits in new buffer.
+      memcpy(state_.bytes, ((uint8_t *)value) + offset, length);
+      state_.position = length;
+    } else {
+      // Write is very big.  Let's do it all at once.
+      NSInteger written = [state_.output write:((uint8_t *)value) + offset maxLength:length];
+      if (written != (NSInteger)length) {
+        [NSException raise:GPBCodedOutputStreamException_WriteFailed format:@""];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)writeTag:(uint32_t)fieldNumber format:(GPBWireFormat)format {
+  GPBWriteTagWithFormat(&state_, fieldNumber, format);
+}
+
+- (void)writeRawVarint32:(int32_t)value {
+  GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeRawVarintSizeTAs32:(size_t)value {
+  // Note the truncation.
+  GPBWriteRawVarint32(&state_, (int32_t)value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeRawVarint64:(int64_t)value {
+  GPBWriteRawVarint64(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeRawLittleEndian32:(int32_t)value {
+  GPBWriteRawLittleEndian32(&state_, value);
+}
+
+- (void)writeRawLittleEndian64:(int64_t)value {
+  GPBWriteRawLittleEndian64(&state_, value);
+}
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+@end
+
+size_t GPBComputeDoubleSizeNoTag(Float64 value) {
+#pragma unused(value)
+  return LITTLE_ENDIAN_64_SIZE;
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeFloatSizeNoTag(Float32 value) {
+#pragma unused(value)
+  return LITTLE_ENDIAN_32_SIZE;
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeUInt64SizeNoTag(uint64_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeRawVarint64Size(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeInt64SizeNoTag(int64_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeRawVarint64Size(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeInt32SizeNoTag(int32_t value) {
+  if (value >= 0) {
+    return GPBComputeRawVarint32Size(value);
+  } else {
+    // Must sign-extend.
+    return 10;
+  }
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeSizeTSizeAsInt32NoTag(size_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeInt32SizeNoTag((int32_t)value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeFixed64SizeNoTag(uint64_t value) {
+#pragma unused(value)
+  return LITTLE_ENDIAN_64_SIZE;
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeFixed32SizeNoTag(uint32_t value) {
+#pragma unused(value)
+  return LITTLE_ENDIAN_32_SIZE;
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeBoolSizeNoTag(BOOL value) {
+#pragma unused(value)
+  return 1;
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeStringSizeNoTag(NSString *value) {
+  NSUInteger length = [value lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  return GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(length) + length;
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeGroupSizeNoTag(GPBMessage *value) {
+  return [value serializedSize];
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeUnknownGroupSizeNoTag(GPBUnknownFieldSet *value) {
+  return value.serializedSize;
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeMessageSizeNoTag(GPBMessage *value) {
+  size_t size = [value serializedSize];
+  return GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(size) + size;
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeBytesSizeNoTag(NSData *value) {
+  NSUInteger valueLength = [value length];
+  return GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(valueLength) + valueLength;
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeUInt32SizeNoTag(int32_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeRawVarint32Size(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeEnumSizeNoTag(int32_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeInt32SizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeSFixed32SizeNoTag(int32_t value) {
+#pragma unused(value)
+  return LITTLE_ENDIAN_32_SIZE;
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeSFixed64SizeNoTag(int64_t value) {
+#pragma unused(value)
+  return LITTLE_ENDIAN_64_SIZE;
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeSInt32SizeNoTag(int32_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeRawVarint32Size(GPBEncodeZigZag32(value));
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeSInt64SizeNoTag(int64_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeRawVarint64Size(GPBEncodeZigZag64(value));
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeDoubleSize(int32_t fieldNumber, double value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeDoubleSizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeFloatSize(int32_t fieldNumber, float value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeFloatSizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeUInt64Size(int32_t fieldNumber, uint64_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeUInt64SizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeInt64Size(int32_t fieldNumber, int64_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeInt64SizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeInt32Size(int32_t fieldNumber, int32_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeInt32SizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeFixed64Size(int32_t fieldNumber, uint64_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeFixed64SizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeFixed32Size(int32_t fieldNumber, uint32_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeFixed32SizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeBoolSize(int32_t fieldNumber, BOOL value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeBoolSizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeStringSize(int32_t fieldNumber, NSString *value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeStringSizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeGroupSize(int32_t fieldNumber, GPBMessage *value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) * 2 + GPBComputeGroupSizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeUnknownGroupSize(int32_t fieldNumber,
+                                  GPBUnknownFieldSet *value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) * 2 +
+         GPBComputeUnknownGroupSizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeMessageSize(int32_t fieldNumber, GPBMessage *value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeMessageSizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeBytesSize(int32_t fieldNumber, NSData *value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeBytesSizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeUInt32Size(int32_t fieldNumber, uint32_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeUInt32SizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeEnumSize(int32_t fieldNumber, int32_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeEnumSizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeSFixed32Size(int32_t fieldNumber, int32_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeSFixed32SizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeSFixed64Size(int32_t fieldNumber, int64_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeSFixed64SizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeSInt32Size(int32_t fieldNumber, int32_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) + GPBComputeSInt32SizeNoTag(value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeSInt64Size(int32_t fieldNumber, int64_t value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(fieldNumber) +
+         GPBComputeRawVarint64Size(GPBEncodeZigZag64(value));
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeMessageSetExtensionSize(int32_t fieldNumber,
+                                         GPBMessage *value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(GPBWireFormatMessageSetItem) * 2 +
+         GPBComputeUInt32Size(GPBWireFormatMessageSetTypeId, fieldNumber) +
+         GPBComputeMessageSize(GPBWireFormatMessageSetMessage, value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeRawMessageSetExtensionSize(int32_t fieldNumber,
+                                            NSData *value) {
+  return GPBComputeTagSize(GPBWireFormatMessageSetItem) * 2 +
+         GPBComputeUInt32Size(GPBWireFormatMessageSetTypeId, fieldNumber) +
+         GPBComputeBytesSize(GPBWireFormatMessageSetMessage, value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeTagSize(int32_t fieldNumber) {
+  return GPBComputeRawVarint32Size(
+      GPBWireFormatMakeTag(fieldNumber, GPBWireFormatVarint));
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(int field_number, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  size_t result = GPBComputeTagSize(field_number);
+  if (dataType == GPBDataTypeGroup) {
+    // Groups have both a start and an end tag.
+    return result * 2;
+  } else {
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeRawVarint32Size(int32_t value) {
+  // value is treated as unsigned, so it won't be sign-extended if negative.
+  if ((value & (0xffffffff << 7)) == 0) return 1;
+  if ((value & (0xffffffff << 14)) == 0) return 2;
+  if ((value & (0xffffffff << 21)) == 0) return 3;
+  if ((value & (0xffffffff << 28)) == 0) return 4;
+  return 5;
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(NSInteger value) {
+  // Note the truncation.
+  return GPBComputeRawVarint32Size((int32_t)value);
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeRawVarint64Size(int64_t value) {
+  if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 7)) == 0) return 1;
+  if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 14)) == 0) return 2;
+  if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 21)) == 0) return 3;
+  if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 28)) == 0) return 4;
+  if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 35)) == 0) return 5;
+  if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 42)) == 0) return 6;
+  if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 49)) == 0) return 7;
+  if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 56)) == 0) return 8;
+  if ((value & (0xffffffffffffffffL << 63)) == 0) return 9;
+  return 10;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedOutputStream_PackagePrivate.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedOutputStream_PackagePrivate.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e7bb4c4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBCodedOutputStream_PackagePrivate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBCodedOutputStream.h"
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+size_t GPBComputeDoubleSize(int32_t fieldNumber, double value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeFloatSize(int32_t fieldNumber, float value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeUInt64Size(int32_t fieldNumber, uint64_t value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeInt64Size(int32_t fieldNumber, int64_t value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeInt32Size(int32_t fieldNumber, int32_t value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeFixed64Size(int32_t fieldNumber, uint64_t value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeFixed32Size(int32_t fieldNumber, uint32_t value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeBoolSize(int32_t fieldNumber, BOOL value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeStringSize(int32_t fieldNumber, NSString *value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeGroupSize(int32_t fieldNumber, GPBMessage *value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeUnknownGroupSize(int32_t fieldNumber,
+                                  GPBUnknownFieldSet *value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeMessageSize(int32_t fieldNumber, GPBMessage *value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeBytesSize(int32_t fieldNumber, NSData *value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeUInt32Size(int32_t fieldNumber, uint32_t value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeSFixed32Size(int32_t fieldNumber, int32_t value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeSFixed64Size(int32_t fieldNumber, int64_t value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeSInt32Size(int32_t fieldNumber, int32_t value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeSInt64Size(int32_t fieldNumber, int64_t value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeTagSize(int32_t fieldNumber) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(int field_number, GPBDataType dataType)
+    __attribute__((const));
+
+size_t GPBComputeDoubleSizeNoTag(double value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeFloatSizeNoTag(float value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeUInt64SizeNoTag(uint64_t value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeInt64SizeNoTag(int64_t value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeInt32SizeNoTag(int32_t value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeFixed64SizeNoTag(uint64_t value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeFixed32SizeNoTag(uint32_t value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeBoolSizeNoTag(BOOL value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeStringSizeNoTag(NSString *value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeGroupSizeNoTag(GPBMessage *value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeUnknownGroupSizeNoTag(GPBUnknownFieldSet *value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeMessageSizeNoTag(GPBMessage *value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeBytesSizeNoTag(NSData *value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeUInt32SizeNoTag(int32_t value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeEnumSizeNoTag(int32_t value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeSFixed32SizeNoTag(int32_t value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeSFixed64SizeNoTag(int64_t value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeSInt32SizeNoTag(int32_t value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeSInt64SizeNoTag(int64_t value) __attribute__((const));
+
+// Note that this will calculate the size of 64 bit values truncated to 32.
+size_t GPBComputeSizeTSizeAsInt32NoTag(size_t value) __attribute__((const));
+
+size_t GPBComputeRawVarint32Size(int32_t value) __attribute__((const));
+size_t GPBComputeRawVarint64Size(int64_t value) __attribute__((const));
+
+// Note that this will calculate the size of 64 bit values truncated to 32.
+size_t GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(NSInteger value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+
+// Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode a
+// MessageSet extension to the stream.  For historical reasons,
+// the wire format differs from normal fields.
+size_t GPBComputeMessageSetExtensionSize(int32_t fieldNumber, GPBMessage *value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+
+// Compute the number of bytes that would be needed to encode an
+// unparsed MessageSet extension field to the stream.  For
+// historical reasons, the wire format differs from normal fields.
+size_t GPBComputeRawMessageSetExtensionSize(int32_t fieldNumber, NSData *value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+
+size_t GPBComputeEnumSize(int32_t fieldNumber, int32_t value)
+    __attribute__((const));
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDescriptor.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDescriptor.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..331d4444a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDescriptor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import "GPBRuntimeTypes.h"
+
+@class GPBEnumDescriptor;
+@class GPBFieldDescriptor;
+@class GPBFileDescriptor;
+@class GPBOneofDescriptor;
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+/** Syntax used in the proto file. */
+typedef NS_ENUM(uint8_t, GPBFileSyntax) {
+  /** Unknown syntax. */
+  GPBFileSyntaxUnknown = 0,
+  /** Proto2 syntax. */
+  GPBFileSyntaxProto2 = 2,
+  /** Proto3 syntax. */
+  GPBFileSyntaxProto3 = 3,
+};
+
+/** Type of proto field. */
+typedef NS_ENUM(uint8_t, GPBFieldType) {
+  /** Optional/required field. Only valid for proto2 fields. */
+  GPBFieldTypeSingle,
+  /** Repeated field. */
+  GPBFieldTypeRepeated,
+  /** Map field. */
+  GPBFieldTypeMap,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Describes a proto message.
+ **/
+@interface GPBDescriptor : NSObject<NSCopying>
+
+/** Name of the message. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *name;
+/** Fields declared in the message. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, strong, nullable) NSArray<GPBFieldDescriptor*> *fields;
+/** Oneofs declared in the message. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, strong, nullable) NSArray<GPBOneofDescriptor*> *oneofs;
+/** Extension range declared for the message. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, nullable) const GPBExtensionRange *extensionRanges;
+/** Number of extension ranges declared for the message. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) uint32_t extensionRangesCount;
+/** Descriptor for the file where the message was defined. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBFileDescriptor *file;
+
+/** Whether the message is in wire format or not. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, getter=isWireFormat) BOOL wireFormat;
+/** The class of this message. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) Class messageClass;
+/** Containing message descriptor if this message is nested, or nil otherwise. */
+@property(readonly, nullable) GPBDescriptor *containingType;
+/**
+ * Fully qualified name for this message (package.message). Can be nil if the
+ * value is unable to be computed.
+ */
+@property(readonly, nullable) NSString *fullName;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the field for the given number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The number for the field to get.
+ *
+ * @return The field descriptor for the given number, or nil if not found.
+ **/
+- (nullable GPBFieldDescriptor *)fieldWithNumber:(uint32_t)fieldNumber;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the field for the given name.
+ *
+ * @param name The name for the field to get.
+ *
+ * @return The field descriptor for the given name, or nil if not found.
+ **/
+- (nullable GPBFieldDescriptor *)fieldWithName:(NSString *)name;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the oneof for the given name.
+ *
+ * @param name The name for the oneof to get.
+ *
+ * @return The oneof descriptor for the given name, or nil if not found.
+ **/
+- (nullable GPBOneofDescriptor *)oneofWithName:(NSString *)name;
+
+@end
+
+/**
+ * Describes a proto file.
+ **/
+@interface GPBFileDescriptor : NSObject
+
+/** The package declared in the proto file. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *package;
+/** The objc prefix declared in the proto file. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, copy, nullable) NSString *objcPrefix;
+/** The syntax of the proto file. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBFileSyntax syntax;
+
+@end
+
+/**
+ * Describes a oneof field.
+ **/
+@interface GPBOneofDescriptor : NSObject
+/** Name of the oneof field. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSString *name;
+/** Fields declared in the oneof. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSArray<GPBFieldDescriptor*> *fields;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the field for the given number.
+ *
+ * @param fieldNumber The number for the field to get.
+ *
+ * @return The field descriptor for the given number, or nil if not found.
+ **/
+- (nullable GPBFieldDescriptor *)fieldWithNumber:(uint32_t)fieldNumber;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the field for the given name.
+ *
+ * @param name The name for the field to get.
+ *
+ * @return The field descriptor for the given name, or nil if not found.
+ **/
+- (nullable GPBFieldDescriptor *)fieldWithName:(NSString *)name;
+
+@end
+
+/**
+ * Describes a proto field.
+ **/
+@interface GPBFieldDescriptor : NSObject
+
+/** Name of the field. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *name;
+/** Number associated with the field. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) uint32_t number;
+/** Data type contained in the field. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBDataType dataType;
+/** Whether it has a default value or not. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) BOOL hasDefaultValue;
+/** Default value for the field. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBGenericValue defaultValue;
+/** Whether this field is required. Only valid for proto2 fields. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, getter=isRequired) BOOL required;
+/** Whether this field is optional. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, getter=isOptional) BOOL optional;
+/** Type of field (single, repeated, map). */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBFieldType fieldType;
+/** Type of the key if the field is a map. The value's type is -fieldType. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBDataType mapKeyDataType;
+/** Whether the field is packable. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, getter=isPackable) BOOL packable;
+
+/** The containing oneof if this field is part of one, nil otherwise. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, nullable) GPBOneofDescriptor *containingOneof;
+
+/** Class of the message if the field is of message type. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, nullable) Class msgClass;
+
+/** Descriptor for the enum if this field is an enum. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, strong, nullable) GPBEnumDescriptor *enumDescriptor;
+
+/**
+ * Checks whether the given enum raw value is a valid enum value.
+ *
+ * @param value The raw enum value to check.
+ *
+ * @return YES if value is a valid enum raw value.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)isValidEnumValue:(int32_t)value;
+
+/** @return Name for the text format, or nil if not known. */
+- (nullable NSString *)textFormatName;
+
+@end
+
+/**
+ * Describes a proto enum.
+ **/
+@interface GPBEnumDescriptor : NSObject
+
+/** Name of the enum. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *name;
+/** Function that validates that raw values are valid enum values. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBEnumValidationFunc enumVerifier;
+
+/**
+ * Returns the enum value name for the given raw enum.
+ *
+ * Note that there can be more than one name corresponding to a given value
+ * if the allow_alias option is used.
+ *
+ * @param number The raw enum value.
+ *
+ * @return The first name that matches the enum value passed, or nil if not valid.
+ **/
+- (nullable NSString *)enumNameForValue:(int32_t)number;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the enum raw value for the given enum name.
+ *
+ * @param outValue A pointer where the value will be set.
+ * @param name     The enum name for which to get the raw value.
+ *
+ * @return YES if a value was copied into the pointer, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getValue:(nullable int32_t *)outValue forEnumName:(NSString *)name;
+
+/**
+ * Returns the text format for the given raw enum value.
+ *
+ * @param number The raw enum value.
+ *
+ * @return The first text format name which matches the enum value, or nil if not valid.
+ **/
+- (nullable NSString *)textFormatNameForValue:(int32_t)number;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the enum raw value for the given text format name.
+ *
+ * @param outValue       A pointer where the value will be set.
+ * @param textFormatName The text format name for which to get the raw value.
+ *
+ * @return YES if a value was copied into the pointer, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getValue:(nullable int32_t *)outValue forEnumTextFormatName:(NSString *)textFormatName;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the number of defined enum names.
+ *
+ * @return Count of the number of enum names, including any aliases.
+ */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) uint32_t enumNameCount;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the enum name corresponding to the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index Index into the available names.  The defined range is from 0
+ *              to self.enumNameCount - 1.
+ *
+ * @returns The enum name at the given index, or nil if the index is out of range.
+ */
+- (nullable NSString *)getEnumNameForIndex:(uint32_t)index;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the enum text format name corresponding to the given index.
+ *
+ * @param index Index into the available names.  The defined range is from 0
+ *              to self.enumNameCount - 1.
+ *
+ * @returns The text format name at the given index, or nil if the index is out of range.
+ */
+- (nullable NSString *)getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:(uint32_t)index;
+
+@end
+
+/**
+ * Describes a proto extension.
+ **/
+@interface GPBExtensionDescriptor : NSObject<NSCopying>
+/** Field number under which the extension is stored. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) uint32_t fieldNumber;
+/** The containing message class, i.e. the class extended by this extension. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) Class containingMessageClass;
+/** Data type contained in the extension. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBDataType dataType;
+/** Whether the extension is repeated. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, getter=isRepeated) BOOL repeated;
+/** Whether the extension is packable. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, getter=isPackable) BOOL packable;
+/** The class of the message if the extension is of message type. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) Class msgClass;
+/** The singleton name for the extension. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSString *singletonName;
+/** The enum descriptor if the extension is of enum type. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, strong, nullable) GPBEnumDescriptor *enumDescriptor;
+/** The default value for the extension. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, nullable) id defaultValue;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDescriptor.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDescriptor.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41bf5adbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDescriptor.m
@@ -0,0 +1,1123 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBDescriptor_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+#import <objc/runtime.h>
+
+#import "GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBWireFormat.h"
+#import "GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+// Direct access is use for speed, to avoid even internally declaring things
+// read/write, etc. The warning is enabled in the project to ensure code calling
+// protos can turn on -Wdirect-ivar-access without issues.
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+// The addresses of these variables are used as keys for objc_getAssociatedObject.
+static const char kTextFormatExtraValueKey = 0;
+static const char kParentClassNameValueKey = 0;
+static const char kClassNameSuffixKey = 0;
+
+// Utility function to generate selectors on the fly.
+static SEL SelFromStrings(const char *prefix, const char *middle,
+                          const char *suffix, BOOL takesArg) {
+  if (prefix == NULL && suffix == NULL && !takesArg) {
+    return sel_getUid(middle);
+  }
+  const size_t prefixLen = prefix != NULL ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+  const size_t middleLen = strlen(middle);
+  const size_t suffixLen = suffix != NULL ? strlen(suffix) : 0;
+  size_t totalLen =
+      prefixLen + middleLen + suffixLen + 1;  // include space for null on end.
+  if (takesArg) {
+    totalLen += 1;
+  }
+  char buffer[totalLen];
+  if (prefix != NULL) {
+    memcpy(buffer, prefix, prefixLen);
+    memcpy(buffer + prefixLen, middle, middleLen);
+    buffer[prefixLen] = (char)toupper(buffer[prefixLen]);
+  } else {
+    memcpy(buffer, middle, middleLen);
+  }
+  if (suffix != NULL) {
+    memcpy(buffer + prefixLen + middleLen, suffix, suffixLen);
+  }
+  if (takesArg) {
+    buffer[totalLen - 2] = ':';
+  }
+  // Always null terminate it.
+  buffer[totalLen - 1] = 0;
+
+  SEL result = sel_getUid(buffer);
+  return result;
+}
+
+static NSArray *NewFieldsArrayForHasIndex(int hasIndex,
+                                          NSArray *allMessageFields)
+    __attribute__((ns_returns_retained));
+
+static NSArray *NewFieldsArrayForHasIndex(int hasIndex,
+                                          NSArray *allMessageFields) {
+  NSMutableArray *result = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
+  for (GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDesc in allMessageFields) {
+    if (fieldDesc->description_->hasIndex == hasIndex) {
+      [result addObject:fieldDesc];
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+@implementation GPBDescriptor {
+  Class messageClass_;
+  GPBFileDescriptor *file_;
+  BOOL wireFormat_;
+}
+
+@synthesize messageClass = messageClass_;
+@synthesize fields = fields_;
+@synthesize oneofs = oneofs_;
+@synthesize extensionRanges = extensionRanges_;
+@synthesize extensionRangesCount = extensionRangesCount_;
+@synthesize file = file_;
+@synthesize wireFormat = wireFormat_;
+
++ (instancetype)
+    allocDescriptorForClass:(Class)messageClass
+                  rootClass:(Class)rootClass
+                       file:(GPBFileDescriptor *)file
+                     fields:(void *)fieldDescriptions
+                 fieldCount:(uint32_t)fieldCount
+                storageSize:(uint32_t)storageSize
+                      flags:(GPBDescriptorInitializationFlags)flags {
+  // The rootClass is no longer used, but it is passed in to ensure it
+  // was started up during initialization also.
+  (void)rootClass;
+  NSMutableArray *fields = nil;
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = file.syntax;
+  BOOL fieldsIncludeDefault =
+      (flags & GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_FieldsWithDefault) != 0;
+
+  void *desc;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < fieldCount; ++i) {
+    if (fields == nil) {
+      fields = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:fieldCount];
+    }
+    // Need correctly typed pointer for array indexing below to work.
+    if (fieldsIncludeDefault) {
+      GPBMessageFieldDescriptionWithDefault *fieldDescWithDefault = fieldDescriptions;
+      desc = &(fieldDescWithDefault[i]);
+    } else {
+      GPBMessageFieldDescription *fieldDesc = fieldDescriptions;
+      desc = &(fieldDesc[i]);
+    }
+    GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDescriptor =
+        [[GPBFieldDescriptor alloc] initWithFieldDescription:desc
+                                             includesDefault:fieldsIncludeDefault
+                                                      syntax:syntax];
+    [fields addObject:fieldDescriptor];
+    [fieldDescriptor release];
+  }
+
+  BOOL wireFormat = (flags & GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_WireFormat) != 0;
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [[self alloc] initWithClass:messageClass
+                                                     file:file
+                                                   fields:fields
+                                              storageSize:storageSize
+                                               wireFormat:wireFormat];
+  [fields release];
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithClass:(Class)messageClass
+                         file:(GPBFileDescriptor *)file
+                       fields:(NSArray *)fields
+                  storageSize:(uint32_t)storageSize
+                   wireFormat:(BOOL)wireFormat {
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+    messageClass_ = messageClass;
+    file_ = file;
+    fields_ = [fields retain];
+    storageSize_ = storageSize;
+    wireFormat_ = wireFormat;
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  [fields_ release];
+  [oneofs_ release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (void)setupOneofs:(const char **)oneofNames
+              count:(uint32_t)count
+      firstHasIndex:(int32_t)firstHasIndex {
+  NSCAssert(firstHasIndex < 0, @"Should always be <0");
+  NSMutableArray *oneofs = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:count];
+  for (uint32_t i = 0, hasIndex = firstHasIndex; i < count; ++i, --hasIndex) {
+    const char *name = oneofNames[i];
+    NSArray *fieldsForOneof = NewFieldsArrayForHasIndex(hasIndex, fields_);
+    NSCAssert(fieldsForOneof.count > 0,
+              @"No fields for this oneof? (%s:%d)", name, hasIndex);
+    GPBOneofDescriptor *oneofDescriptor =
+        [[GPBOneofDescriptor alloc] initWithName:name fields:fieldsForOneof];
+    [oneofs addObject:oneofDescriptor];
+    [oneofDescriptor release];
+    [fieldsForOneof release];
+  }
+  oneofs_ = oneofs;
+}
+
+- (void)setupExtraTextInfo:(const char *)extraTextFormatInfo {
+  // Extra info is a compile time option, so skip the work if not needed.
+  if (extraTextFormatInfo) {
+    NSValue *extraInfoValue = [NSValue valueWithPointer:extraTextFormatInfo];
+    for (GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDescriptor in fields_) {
+      if (fieldDescriptor->description_->flags & GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom) {
+        objc_setAssociatedObject(fieldDescriptor, &kTextFormatExtraValueKey,
+                                 extraInfoValue,
+                                 OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setupExtensionRanges:(const GPBExtensionRange *)ranges count:(int32_t)count {
+  extensionRanges_ = ranges;
+  extensionRangesCount_ = count;
+}
+
+- (void)setupContainingMessageClassName:(const char *)msgClassName {
+  // Note: Only fetch the class here, can't send messages to it because
+  // that could cause cycles back to this class within +initialize if
+  // two messages have each other in fields (i.e. - they build a graph).
+  NSAssert(objc_getClass(msgClassName), @"Class %s not defined", msgClassName);
+  NSValue *parentNameValue = [NSValue valueWithPointer:msgClassName];
+  objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &kParentClassNameValueKey,
+                           parentNameValue,
+                           OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
+}
+
+- (void)setupMessageClassNameSuffix:(NSString *)suffix {
+  if (suffix.length) {
+    objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &kClassNameSuffixKey,
+                             suffix,
+                             OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
+  }
+}
+
+- (NSString *)name {
+  return NSStringFromClass(messageClass_);
+}
+
+- (GPBDescriptor *)containingType {
+  NSValue *parentNameValue =
+      objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &kParentClassNameValueKey);
+  if (!parentNameValue) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+  const char *parentName = [parentNameValue pointerValue];
+  Class parentClass = objc_getClass(parentName);
+  NSAssert(parentClass, @"Class %s not defined", parentName);
+  return [parentClass descriptor];
+}
+
+- (NSString *)fullName {
+  NSString *className = NSStringFromClass(self.messageClass);
+  GPBFileDescriptor *file = self.file;
+  NSString *objcPrefix = file.objcPrefix;
+  if (objcPrefix && ![className hasPrefix:objcPrefix]) {
+    NSAssert(0,
+             @"Class didn't have correct prefix? (%@ - %@)",
+             className, objcPrefix);
+    return nil;
+  }
+  GPBDescriptor *parent = self.containingType;
+
+  NSString *name = nil;
+  if (parent) {
+    NSString *parentClassName = NSStringFromClass(parent.messageClass);
+    // The generator will add _Class to avoid reserved words, drop it.
+    NSString *suffix = objc_getAssociatedObject(parent, &kClassNameSuffixKey);
+    if (suffix) {
+      if (![parentClassName hasSuffix:suffix]) {
+        NSAssert(0,
+                 @"ParentMessage class didn't have correct suffix? (%@ - %@)",
+                 className, suffix);
+        return nil;
+      }
+      parentClassName =
+          [parentClassName substringToIndex:(parentClassName.length - suffix.length)];
+    }
+    NSString *parentPrefix = [parentClassName stringByAppendingString:@"_"];
+    if (![className hasPrefix:parentPrefix]) {
+      NSAssert(0,
+               @"Class didn't have the correct parent name prefix? (%@ - %@)",
+               parentPrefix, className);
+      return nil;
+    }
+    name = [className substringFromIndex:parentPrefix.length];
+  } else {
+    name = [className substringFromIndex:objcPrefix.length];
+  }
+
+  // The generator will add _Class to avoid reserved words, drop it.
+  NSString *suffix = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &kClassNameSuffixKey);
+  if (suffix) {
+    if (![name hasSuffix:suffix]) {
+      NSAssert(0,
+               @"Message class didn't have correct suffix? (%@ - %@)",
+               name, suffix);
+      return nil;
+    }
+    name = [name substringToIndex:(name.length - suffix.length)];
+  }
+
+  NSString *prefix = (parent != nil ? parent.fullName : file.package);
+  NSString *result;
+  if (prefix.length > 0) {
+    result = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.%@", prefix, name];
+  } else {
+    result = name;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+#pragma unused(zone)
+  return [self retain];
+}
+
+- (GPBFieldDescriptor *)fieldWithNumber:(uint32_t)fieldNumber {
+  for (GPBFieldDescriptor *descriptor in fields_) {
+    if (GPBFieldNumber(descriptor) == fieldNumber) {
+      return descriptor;
+    }
+  }
+  return nil;
+}
+
+- (GPBFieldDescriptor *)fieldWithName:(NSString *)name {
+  for (GPBFieldDescriptor *descriptor in fields_) {
+    if ([descriptor.name isEqual:name]) {
+      return descriptor;
+    }
+  }
+  return nil;
+}
+
+- (GPBOneofDescriptor *)oneofWithName:(NSString *)name {
+  for (GPBOneofDescriptor *descriptor in oneofs_) {
+    if ([descriptor.name isEqual:name]) {
+      return descriptor;
+    }
+  }
+  return nil;
+}
+
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBFileDescriptor {
+  NSString *package_;
+  NSString *objcPrefix_;
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax_;
+}
+
+@synthesize package = package_;
+@synthesize objcPrefix = objcPrefix_;
+@synthesize syntax = syntax_;
+
+- (instancetype)initWithPackage:(NSString *)package
+                     objcPrefix:(NSString *)objcPrefix
+                         syntax:(GPBFileSyntax)syntax {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    package_ = [package copy];
+    objcPrefix_ = [objcPrefix copy];
+    syntax_ = syntax;
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithPackage:(NSString *)package
+                         syntax:(GPBFileSyntax)syntax {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    package_ = [package copy];
+    syntax_ = syntax;
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  [package_ release];
+  [objcPrefix_ release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBOneofDescriptor
+
+@synthesize fields = fields_;
+
+- (instancetype)initWithName:(const char *)name fields:(NSArray *)fields {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    name_ = name;
+    fields_ = [fields retain];
+    for (GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDesc in fields) {
+      fieldDesc->containingOneof_ = self;
+    }
+
+    caseSel_ = SelFromStrings(NULL, name, "OneOfCase", NO);
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  [fields_ release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (NSString *)name {
+  return (NSString * _Nonnull)@(name_);
+}
+
+- (GPBFieldDescriptor *)fieldWithNumber:(uint32_t)fieldNumber {
+  for (GPBFieldDescriptor *descriptor in fields_) {
+    if (GPBFieldNumber(descriptor) == fieldNumber) {
+      return descriptor;
+    }
+  }
+  return nil;
+}
+
+- (GPBFieldDescriptor *)fieldWithName:(NSString *)name {
+  for (GPBFieldDescriptor *descriptor in fields_) {
+    if ([descriptor.name isEqual:name]) {
+      return descriptor;
+    }
+  }
+  return nil;
+}
+
+@end
+
+uint32_t GPBFieldTag(GPBFieldDescriptor *self) {
+  GPBMessageFieldDescription *description = self->description_;
+  GPBWireFormat format;
+  if ((description->flags & GPBFieldMapKeyMask) != 0) {
+    // Maps are repeated messages on the wire.
+    format = GPBWireFormatForType(GPBDataTypeMessage, NO);
+  } else {
+    format = GPBWireFormatForType(description->dataType,
+                                  ((description->flags & GPBFieldPacked) != 0));
+  }
+  return GPBWireFormatMakeTag(description->number, format);
+}
+
+uint32_t GPBFieldAlternateTag(GPBFieldDescriptor *self) {
+  GPBMessageFieldDescription *description = self->description_;
+  NSCAssert((description->flags & GPBFieldRepeated) != 0,
+            @"Only valid on repeated fields");
+  GPBWireFormat format =
+      GPBWireFormatForType(description->dataType,
+                           ((description->flags & GPBFieldPacked) == 0));
+  return GPBWireFormatMakeTag(description->number, format);
+}
+
+@implementation GPBFieldDescriptor {
+  GPBGenericValue defaultValue_;
+
+  // Message ivars
+  Class msgClass_;
+
+  // Enum ivars.
+  // If protos are generated with GenerateEnumDescriptors on then it will
+  // be a enumDescriptor, otherwise it will be a enumVerifier.
+  union {
+    GPBEnumDescriptor *enumDescriptor_;
+    GPBEnumValidationFunc enumVerifier_;
+  } enumHandling_;
+}
+
+@synthesize msgClass = msgClass_;
+@synthesize containingOneof = containingOneof_;
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  // Throw an exception if people attempt to not use the designated initializer.
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self != nil) {
+    [self doesNotRecognizeSelector:_cmd];
+    self = nil;
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithFieldDescription:(void *)description
+                         includesDefault:(BOOL)includesDefault
+                                  syntax:(GPBFileSyntax)syntax {
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+    GPBMessageFieldDescription *coreDesc;
+    if (includesDefault) {
+      coreDesc = &(((GPBMessageFieldDescriptionWithDefault *)description)->core);
+    } else {
+      coreDesc = description;
+    }
+    description_ = coreDesc;
+    getSel_ = sel_getUid(coreDesc->name);
+    setSel_ = SelFromStrings("set", coreDesc->name, NULL, YES);
+
+    GPBDataType dataType = coreDesc->dataType;
+    BOOL isMessage = GPBDataTypeIsMessage(dataType);
+    BOOL isMapOrArray = GPBFieldIsMapOrArray(self);
+
+    if (isMapOrArray) {
+      // map<>/repeated fields get a *Count property (inplace of a has*) to
+      // support checking if there are any entries without triggering
+      // autocreation.
+      hasOrCountSel_ = SelFromStrings(NULL, coreDesc->name, "_Count", NO);
+    } else {
+      // If there is a positive hasIndex, then:
+      //   - All fields types for proto2 messages get has* selectors.
+      //   - Only message fields for proto3 messages get has* selectors.
+      // Note: the positive check is to handle oneOfs, we can't check
+      // containingOneof_ because it isn't set until after initialization.
+      if ((coreDesc->hasIndex >= 0) &&
+          (coreDesc->hasIndex != GPBNoHasBit) &&
+          ((syntax != GPBFileSyntaxProto3) || isMessage)) {
+        hasOrCountSel_ = SelFromStrings("has", coreDesc->name, NULL, NO);
+        setHasSel_ = SelFromStrings("setHas", coreDesc->name, NULL, YES);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Extra type specific data.
+    if (isMessage) {
+      const char *className = coreDesc->dataTypeSpecific.className;
+      // Note: Only fetch the class here, can't send messages to it because
+      // that could cause cycles back to this class within +initialize if
+      // two messages have each other in fields (i.e. - they build a graph).
+      msgClass_ = objc_getClass(className);
+      NSAssert(msgClass_, @"Class %s not defined", className);
+    } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeEnum) {
+      if ((coreDesc->flags & GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor) != 0) {
+        enumHandling_.enumDescriptor_ =
+            coreDesc->dataTypeSpecific.enumDescFunc();
+      } else {
+        enumHandling_.enumVerifier_ =
+            coreDesc->dataTypeSpecific.enumVerifier;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Non map<>/repeated fields can have defaults in proto2 syntax.
+    if (!isMapOrArray && includesDefault) {
+      defaultValue_ = ((GPBMessageFieldDescriptionWithDefault *)description)->defaultValue;
+      if (dataType == GPBDataTypeBytes) {
+        // Data stored as a length prefixed (network byte order) c-string in
+        // descriptor structure.
+        const uint8_t *bytes = (const uint8_t *)defaultValue_.valueData;
+        if (bytes) {
+          uint32_t length;
+          memcpy(&length, bytes, sizeof(length));
+          length = ntohl(length);
+          bytes += sizeof(length);
+          defaultValue_.valueData =
+              [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:bytes length:length];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  if (description_->dataType == GPBDataTypeBytes &&
+      !(description_->flags & GPBFieldRepeated)) {
+    [defaultValue_.valueData release];
+  }
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (GPBDataType)dataType {
+  return description_->dataType;
+}
+
+- (BOOL)hasDefaultValue {
+  return (description_->flags & GPBFieldHasDefaultValue) != 0;
+}
+
+- (uint32_t)number {
+  return description_->number;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)name {
+  return (NSString * _Nonnull)@(description_->name);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isRequired {
+  return (description_->flags & GPBFieldRequired) != 0;
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isOptional {
+  return (description_->flags & GPBFieldOptional) != 0;
+}
+
+- (GPBFieldType)fieldType {
+  GPBFieldFlags flags = description_->flags;
+  if ((flags & GPBFieldRepeated) != 0) {
+    return GPBFieldTypeRepeated;
+  } else if ((flags & GPBFieldMapKeyMask) != 0) {
+    return GPBFieldTypeMap;
+  } else {
+    return GPBFieldTypeSingle;
+  }
+}
+
+- (GPBDataType)mapKeyDataType {
+  switch (description_->flags & GPBFieldMapKeyMask) {
+    case GPBFieldMapKeyInt32:
+      return GPBDataTypeInt32;
+    case GPBFieldMapKeyInt64:
+      return GPBDataTypeInt64;
+    case GPBFieldMapKeyUInt32:
+      return GPBDataTypeUInt32;
+    case GPBFieldMapKeyUInt64:
+      return GPBDataTypeUInt64;
+    case GPBFieldMapKeySInt32:
+      return GPBDataTypeSInt32;
+    case GPBFieldMapKeySInt64:
+      return GPBDataTypeSInt64;
+    case GPBFieldMapKeyFixed32:
+      return GPBDataTypeFixed32;
+    case GPBFieldMapKeyFixed64:
+      return GPBDataTypeFixed64;
+    case GPBFieldMapKeySFixed32:
+      return GPBDataTypeSFixed32;
+    case GPBFieldMapKeySFixed64:
+      return GPBDataTypeSFixed64;
+    case GPBFieldMapKeyBool:
+      return GPBDataTypeBool;
+    case GPBFieldMapKeyString:
+      return GPBDataTypeString;
+
+    default:
+      NSAssert(0, @"Not a map type");
+      return GPBDataTypeInt32;  // For lack of anything better.
+  }
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isPackable {
+  return (description_->flags & GPBFieldPacked) != 0;
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isValidEnumValue:(int32_t)value {
+  NSAssert(description_->dataType == GPBDataTypeEnum,
+           @"Field Must be of type GPBDataTypeEnum");
+  if (description_->flags & GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor) {
+    return enumHandling_.enumDescriptor_.enumVerifier(value);
+  } else {
+    return enumHandling_.enumVerifier_(value);
+  }
+}
+
+- (GPBEnumDescriptor *)enumDescriptor {
+  if (description_->flags & GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor) {
+    return enumHandling_.enumDescriptor_;
+  } else {
+    return nil;
+  }
+}
+
+- (GPBGenericValue)defaultValue {
+  // Depends on the fact that defaultValue_ is initialized either to "0/nil" or
+  // to an actual defaultValue in our initializer.
+  GPBGenericValue value = defaultValue_;
+
+  if (!(description_->flags & GPBFieldRepeated)) {
+    // We special handle data and strings. If they are nil, we replace them
+    // with empty string/empty data.
+    GPBDataType type = description_->dataType;
+    if (type == GPBDataTypeBytes && value.valueData == nil) {
+      value.valueData = GPBEmptyNSData();
+    } else if (type == GPBDataTypeString && value.valueString == nil) {
+      value.valueString = @"";
+    }
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)textFormatName {
+  if ((description_->flags & GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom) != 0) {
+    NSValue *extraInfoValue =
+        objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &kTextFormatExtraValueKey);
+    // Support can be left out at generation time.
+    if (!extraInfoValue) {
+      return nil;
+    }
+    const uint8_t *extraTextFormatInfo = [extraInfoValue pointerValue];
+    return GPBDecodeTextFormatName(extraTextFormatInfo, GPBFieldNumber(self),
+                                   self.name);
+  }
+
+  // The logic here has to match SetCommonFieldVariables() from
+  // objectivec_field.cc in the proto compiler.
+  NSString *name = self.name;
+  NSUInteger len = [name length];
+
+  // Remove the "_p" added to reserved names.
+  if ([name hasSuffix:@"_p"]) {
+    name = [name substringToIndex:(len - 2)];
+    len = [name length];
+  }
+
+  // Remove "Array" from the end for repeated fields.
+  if (((description_->flags & GPBFieldRepeated) != 0) &&
+      [name hasSuffix:@"Array"]) {
+    name = [name substringToIndex:(len - 5)];
+    len = [name length];
+  }
+
+  // Groups vs. other fields.
+  if (description_->dataType == GPBDataTypeGroup) {
+    // Just capitalize the first letter.
+    unichar firstChar = [name characterAtIndex:0];
+    if (firstChar >= 'a' && firstChar <= 'z') {
+      NSString *firstCharString =
+          [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%C", (unichar)(firstChar - 'a' + 'A')];
+      NSString *result =
+          [name stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 1)
+                                        withString:firstCharString];
+      return result;
+    }
+    return name;
+
+  } else {
+    // Undo the CamelCase.
+    NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:len];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      unichar c = [name characterAtIndex:i];
+      if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') {
+        if (i > 0) {
+          [result appendFormat:@"_%C", (unichar)(c - 'A' + 'a')];
+        } else {
+          [result appendFormat:@"%C", c];
+        }
+      } else {
+        [result appendFormat:@"%C", c];
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBEnumDescriptor {
+  NSString *name_;
+  // valueNames_ is a single c string with all of the value names appended
+  // together, each null terminated.  -calcValueNameOffsets fills in
+  // nameOffsets_ with the offsets to allow quicker access to the individual
+  // names.
+  const char *valueNames_;
+  const int32_t *values_;
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc enumVerifier_;
+  const uint8_t *extraTextFormatInfo_;
+  uint32_t *nameOffsets_;
+  uint32_t valueCount_;
+}
+
+@synthesize name = name_;
+@synthesize enumVerifier = enumVerifier_;
+
++ (instancetype)
+    allocDescriptorForName:(NSString *)name
+                valueNames:(const char *)valueNames
+                    values:(const int32_t *)values
+                     count:(uint32_t)valueCount
+              enumVerifier:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)enumVerifier {
+  GPBEnumDescriptor *descriptor = [[self alloc] initWithName:name
+                                                  valueNames:valueNames
+                                                      values:values
+                                                       count:valueCount
+                                                enumVerifier:enumVerifier];
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
++ (instancetype)
+    allocDescriptorForName:(NSString *)name
+                valueNames:(const char *)valueNames
+                    values:(const int32_t *)values
+                     count:(uint32_t)valueCount
+              enumVerifier:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)enumVerifier
+       extraTextFormatInfo:(const char *)extraTextFormatInfo {
+  // Call the common case.
+  GPBEnumDescriptor *descriptor = [self allocDescriptorForName:name
+                                                    valueNames:valueNames
+                                                        values:values
+                                                         count:valueCount
+                                                  enumVerifier:enumVerifier];
+  // Set the extra info.
+  descriptor->extraTextFormatInfo_ = (const uint8_t *)extraTextFormatInfo;
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)name
+                  valueNames:(const char *)valueNames
+                      values:(const int32_t *)values
+                       count:(uint32_t)valueCount
+                enumVerifier:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)enumVerifier {
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+    name_ = [name copy];
+    valueNames_ = valueNames;
+    values_ = values;
+    valueCount_ = valueCount;
+    enumVerifier_ = enumVerifier;
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  [name_ release];
+  if (nameOffsets_) free(nameOffsets_);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (void)calcValueNameOffsets {
+  @synchronized(self) {
+    if (nameOffsets_ != NULL) {
+      return;
+    }
+    uint32_t *offsets = malloc(valueCount_ * sizeof(uint32_t));
+    if (!offsets) return;
+    const char *scan = valueNames_;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < valueCount_; ++i) {
+      offsets[i] = (uint32_t)(scan - valueNames_);
+      while (*scan != '\0') ++scan;
+      ++scan;  // Step over the null.
+    }
+    nameOffsets_ = offsets;
+  }
+}
+
+- (NSString *)enumNameForValue:(int32_t)number {
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < valueCount_; ++i) {
+    if (values_[i] == number) {
+      return [self getEnumNameForIndex:i];
+    }
+  }
+  return nil;
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getValue:(int32_t *)outValue forEnumName:(NSString *)name {
+  // Must have the prefix.
+  NSUInteger prefixLen = name_.length + 1;
+  if ((name.length <= prefixLen) || ![name hasPrefix:name_] ||
+      ([name characterAtIndex:prefixLen - 1] != '_')) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+
+  // Skip over the prefix.
+  const char *nameAsCStr = [name UTF8String];
+  nameAsCStr += prefixLen;
+
+  if (nameOffsets_ == NULL) [self calcValueNameOffsets];
+  if (nameOffsets_ == NULL) return NO;
+
+  // Find it.
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < valueCount_; ++i) {
+    const char *valueName = valueNames_ + nameOffsets_[i];
+    if (strcmp(nameAsCStr, valueName) == 0) {
+      if (outValue) {
+        *outValue = values_[i];
+      }
+      return YES;
+    }
+  }
+  return NO;
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getValue:(int32_t *)outValue forEnumTextFormatName:(NSString *)textFormatName {
+    if (nameOffsets_ == NULL) [self calcValueNameOffsets];
+    if (nameOffsets_ == NULL) return NO;
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < valueCount_; ++i) {
+        NSString *valueTextFormatName = [self getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:i];
+        if ([valueTextFormatName isEqual:textFormatName]) {
+            if (outValue) {
+                *outValue = values_[i];
+            }
+            return YES;
+        }
+    }
+    return NO;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)textFormatNameForValue:(int32_t)number {
+  // Find the EnumValue descriptor and its index.
+  BOOL foundIt = NO;
+  uint32_t valueDescriptorIndex;
+  for (valueDescriptorIndex = 0; valueDescriptorIndex < valueCount_;
+       ++valueDescriptorIndex) {
+    if (values_[valueDescriptorIndex] == number) {
+      foundIt = YES;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!foundIt) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+  return [self getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:valueDescriptorIndex];
+}
+
+- (uint32_t)enumNameCount {
+  return valueCount_;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)getEnumNameForIndex:(uint32_t)index {
+  if (nameOffsets_ == NULL) [self calcValueNameOffsets];
+  if (nameOffsets_ == NULL) return nil;
+
+  if (index >= valueCount_) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+  const char *valueName = valueNames_ + nameOffsets_[index];
+  NSString *fullName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@_%s", name_, valueName];
+  return fullName;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:(uint32_t)index {
+  if (nameOffsets_ == NULL) [self calcValueNameOffsets];
+  if (nameOffsets_ == NULL) return nil;
+
+  if (index >= valueCount_) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+  NSString *result = nil;
+  // Naming adds an underscore between enum name and value name, skip that also.
+  const char *valueName = valueNames_ + nameOffsets_[index];
+  NSString *shortName = @(valueName);
+
+  // See if it is in the map of special format handling.
+  if (extraTextFormatInfo_) {
+    result = GPBDecodeTextFormatName(extraTextFormatInfo_,
+                                     (int32_t)index, shortName);
+  }
+  // Logic here needs to match what objectivec_enum.cc does in the proto
+  // compiler.
+  if (result == nil) {
+    NSUInteger len = [shortName length];
+    NSMutableString *worker = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:len];
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      unichar c = [shortName characterAtIndex:i];
+      if (i > 0 && c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') {
+        [worker appendString:@"_"];
+      }
+      [worker appendFormat:@"%c", toupper((char)c)];
+    }
+    result = worker;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBExtensionDescriptor {
+  GPBGenericValue defaultValue_;
+}
+
+@synthesize containingMessageClass = containingMessageClass_;
+
+- (instancetype)initWithExtensionDescription:
+        (GPBExtensionDescription *)description {
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+    description_ = description;
+
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+    const char *className = description->messageOrGroupClassName;
+    if (className) {
+      NSAssert(objc_lookUpClass(className) != Nil,
+               @"Class %s not defined", className);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (description->extendedClass) {
+      Class containingClass = objc_lookUpClass(description->extendedClass);
+      NSAssert(containingClass, @"Class %s not defined",
+               description->extendedClass);
+      containingMessageClass_ = containingClass;
+    }
+
+    GPBDataType type = description_->dataType;
+    if (type == GPBDataTypeBytes) {
+      // Data stored as a length prefixed c-string in descriptor records.
+      const uint8_t *bytes =
+          (const uint8_t *)description->defaultValue.valueData;
+      if (bytes) {
+        uint32_t length;
+        memcpy(&length, bytes, sizeof(length));
+        // The length is stored in network byte order.
+        length = ntohl(length);
+        bytes += sizeof(length);
+        defaultValue_.valueData =
+            [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:bytes length:length];
+      }
+    } else if (type == GPBDataTypeMessage || type == GPBDataTypeGroup) {
+      // The default is looked up in -defaultValue instead since extensions
+      // aren't common, we avoid the hit startup hit and it avoid initialization
+      // order issues.
+    } else {
+      defaultValue_ = description->defaultValue;
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  if ((description_->dataType == GPBDataTypeBytes) &&
+      !GPBExtensionIsRepeated(description_)) {
+    [defaultValue_.valueData release];
+  }
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+#pragma unused(zone)
+  // Immutable.
+  return [self retain];
+}
+
+- (NSString *)singletonName {
+  return (NSString * _Nonnull)@(description_->singletonName);
+}
+
+- (const char *)singletonNameC {
+  return description_->singletonName;
+}
+
+- (uint32_t)fieldNumber {
+  return description_->fieldNumber;
+}
+
+- (GPBDataType)dataType {
+  return description_->dataType;
+}
+
+- (GPBWireFormat)wireType {
+  return GPBWireFormatForType(description_->dataType,
+                              GPBExtensionIsPacked(description_));
+}
+
+- (GPBWireFormat)alternateWireType {
+  NSAssert(GPBExtensionIsRepeated(description_),
+           @"Only valid on repeated extensions");
+  return GPBWireFormatForType(description_->dataType,
+                              !GPBExtensionIsPacked(description_));
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isRepeated {
+  return GPBExtensionIsRepeated(description_);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isPackable {
+  return GPBExtensionIsPacked(description_);
+}
+
+- (Class)msgClass {
+  return objc_getClass(description_->messageOrGroupClassName);
+}
+
+- (GPBEnumDescriptor *)enumDescriptor {
+  if (description_->dataType == GPBDataTypeEnum) {
+    GPBEnumDescriptor *enumDescriptor = description_->enumDescriptorFunc();
+    return enumDescriptor;
+  }
+  return nil;
+}
+
+- (id)defaultValue {
+  if (GPBExtensionIsRepeated(description_)) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+
+  switch (description_->dataType) {
+    case GPBDataTypeBool:
+      return @(defaultValue_.valueBool);
+    case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+      return @(defaultValue_.valueFloat);
+    case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+      return @(defaultValue_.valueDouble);
+    case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+    case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+      return @(defaultValue_.valueInt32);
+    case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+      return @(defaultValue_.valueInt64);
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+      return @(defaultValue_.valueUInt32);
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+      return @(defaultValue_.valueUInt64);
+    case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+      // Like message fields, the default is zero length data.
+      return (defaultValue_.valueData ? defaultValue_.valueData
+                                      : GPBEmptyNSData());
+    case GPBDataTypeString:
+      // Like message fields, the default is zero length string.
+      return (defaultValue_.valueString ? defaultValue_.valueString : @"");
+    case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+      return nil;
+  }
+}
+
+- (NSComparisonResult)compareByFieldNumber:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)other {
+  int32_t selfNumber = description_->fieldNumber;
+  int32_t otherNumber = other->description_->fieldNumber;
+  if (selfNumber < otherNumber) {
+    return NSOrderedAscending;
+  } else if (selfNumber == otherNumber) {
+    return NSOrderedSame;
+  } else {
+    return NSOrderedDescending;
+  }
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDescriptor_PackagePrivate.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDescriptor_PackagePrivate.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..452b3f8e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDescriptor_PackagePrivate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This header is private to the ProtobolBuffers library and must NOT be
+// included by any sources outside this library. The contents of this file are
+// subject to change at any time without notice.
+
+#import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+#import "GPBWireFormat.h"
+
+// Describes attributes of the field.
+typedef NS_OPTIONS(uint16_t, GPBFieldFlags) {
+  GPBFieldNone            = 0,
+  // These map to standard protobuf concepts.
+  GPBFieldRequired        = 1 << 0,
+  GPBFieldRepeated        = 1 << 1,
+  GPBFieldPacked          = 1 << 2,
+  GPBFieldOptional        = 1 << 3,
+  GPBFieldHasDefaultValue = 1 << 4,
+
+  // Indicates the field needs custom handling for the TextFormat name, if not
+  // set, the name can be derived from the ObjC name.
+  GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom = 1 << 6,
+  // Indicates the field has an enum descriptor.
+  GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor = 1 << 7,
+
+  // These are not standard protobuf concepts, they are specific to the
+  // Objective C runtime.
+
+  // These bits are used to mark the field as a map and what the key
+  // type is.
+  GPBFieldMapKeyMask     = 0xF << 8,
+  GPBFieldMapKeyInt32    =  1 << 8,
+  GPBFieldMapKeyInt64    =  2 << 8,
+  GPBFieldMapKeyUInt32   =  3 << 8,
+  GPBFieldMapKeyUInt64   =  4 << 8,
+  GPBFieldMapKeySInt32   =  5 << 8,
+  GPBFieldMapKeySInt64   =  6 << 8,
+  GPBFieldMapKeyFixed32  =  7 << 8,
+  GPBFieldMapKeyFixed64  =  8 << 8,
+  GPBFieldMapKeySFixed32 =  9 << 8,
+  GPBFieldMapKeySFixed64 = 10 << 8,
+  GPBFieldMapKeyBool     = 11 << 8,
+  GPBFieldMapKeyString   = 12 << 8,
+};
+
+// NOTE: The structures defined here have their members ordered to minimize
+// their size. This directly impacts the size of apps since these exist per
+// field/extension.
+
+// Describes a single field in a protobuf as it is represented as an ivar.
+typedef struct GPBMessageFieldDescription {
+  // Name of ivar.
+  const char *name;
+  union {
+    const char *className;  // Name for message class.
+    // For enums only: If EnumDescriptors are compiled in, it will be that,
+    // otherwise it will be the verifier.
+    GPBEnumDescriptorFunc enumDescFunc;
+    GPBEnumValidationFunc enumVerifier;
+  } dataTypeSpecific;
+  // The field number for the ivar.
+  uint32_t number;
+  // The index (in bits) into _has_storage_.
+  //   >= 0: the bit to use for a value being set.
+  //   = GPBNoHasBit(INT32_MAX): no storage used.
+  //   < 0: in a oneOf, use a full int32 to record the field active.
+  int32_t hasIndex;
+  // Offset of the variable into it's structure struct.
+  uint32_t offset;
+  // Field flags. Use accessor functions below.
+  GPBFieldFlags flags;
+  // Data type of the ivar.
+  GPBDataType dataType;
+} GPBMessageFieldDescription;
+
+// Fields in messages defined in a 'proto2' syntax file can provide a default
+// value. This struct provides the default along with the field info.
+typedef struct GPBMessageFieldDescriptionWithDefault {
+  // Default value for the ivar.
+  GPBGenericValue defaultValue;
+
+  GPBMessageFieldDescription core;
+} GPBMessageFieldDescriptionWithDefault;
+
+// Describes attributes of the extension.
+typedef NS_OPTIONS(uint8_t, GPBExtensionOptions) {
+  GPBExtensionNone          = 0,
+  // These map to standard protobuf concepts.
+  GPBExtensionRepeated      = 1 << 0,
+  GPBExtensionPacked        = 1 << 1,
+  GPBExtensionSetWireFormat = 1 << 2,
+};
+
+// An extension
+typedef struct GPBExtensionDescription {
+  GPBGenericValue defaultValue;
+  const char *singletonName;
+  const char *extendedClass;
+  const char *messageOrGroupClassName;
+  GPBEnumDescriptorFunc enumDescriptorFunc;
+  int32_t fieldNumber;
+  GPBDataType dataType;
+  GPBExtensionOptions options;
+} GPBExtensionDescription;
+
+typedef NS_OPTIONS(uint32_t, GPBDescriptorInitializationFlags) {
+  GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None              = 0,
+  GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_FieldsWithDefault = 1 << 0,
+  GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_WireFormat        = 1 << 1,
+};
+
+@interface GPBDescriptor () {
+ @package
+  NSArray *fields_;
+  NSArray *oneofs_;
+  uint32_t storageSize_;
+}
+
+// fieldDescriptions have to be long lived, they are held as raw pointers.
++ (instancetype)
+    allocDescriptorForClass:(Class)messageClass
+                  rootClass:(Class)rootClass
+                       file:(GPBFileDescriptor *)file
+                     fields:(void *)fieldDescriptions
+                 fieldCount:(uint32_t)fieldCount
+                storageSize:(uint32_t)storageSize
+                      flags:(GPBDescriptorInitializationFlags)flags;
+
+- (instancetype)initWithClass:(Class)messageClass
+                         file:(GPBFileDescriptor *)file
+                       fields:(NSArray *)fields
+                  storageSize:(uint32_t)storage
+                   wireFormat:(BOOL)wireFormat;
+
+// Called right after init to provide extra information to avoid init having
+// an explosion of args. These pointers are recorded, so they are expected
+// to live for the lifetime of the app.
+- (void)setupOneofs:(const char **)oneofNames
+              count:(uint32_t)count
+      firstHasIndex:(int32_t)firstHasIndex;
+- (void)setupExtraTextInfo:(const char *)extraTextFormatInfo;
+- (void)setupExtensionRanges:(const GPBExtensionRange *)ranges count:(int32_t)count;
+- (void)setupContainingMessageClassName:(const char *)msgClassName;
+- (void)setupMessageClassNameSuffix:(NSString *)suffix;
+
+@end
+
+@interface GPBFileDescriptor ()
+- (instancetype)initWithPackage:(NSString *)package
+                     objcPrefix:(NSString *)objcPrefix
+                         syntax:(GPBFileSyntax)syntax;
+- (instancetype)initWithPackage:(NSString *)package
+                         syntax:(GPBFileSyntax)syntax;
+@end
+
+@interface GPBOneofDescriptor () {
+ @package
+  const char *name_;
+  NSArray *fields_;
+  SEL caseSel_;
+}
+// name must be long lived.
+- (instancetype)initWithName:(const char *)name fields:(NSArray *)fields;
+@end
+
+@interface GPBFieldDescriptor () {
+ @package
+  GPBMessageFieldDescription *description_;
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBOneofDescriptor *containingOneof_;
+
+  SEL getSel_;
+  SEL setSel_;
+  SEL hasOrCountSel_;  // *Count for map<>/repeated fields, has* otherwise.
+  SEL setHasSel_;
+}
+
+// Single initializer
+// description has to be long lived, it is held as a raw pointer.
+- (instancetype)initWithFieldDescription:(void *)description
+                         includesDefault:(BOOL)includesDefault
+                                  syntax:(GPBFileSyntax)syntax;
+@end
+
+@interface GPBEnumDescriptor ()
+// valueNames, values and extraTextFormatInfo have to be long lived, they are
+// held as raw pointers.
++ (instancetype)
+    allocDescriptorForName:(NSString *)name
+                valueNames:(const char *)valueNames
+                    values:(const int32_t *)values
+                     count:(uint32_t)valueCount
+              enumVerifier:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)enumVerifier;
++ (instancetype)
+    allocDescriptorForName:(NSString *)name
+                valueNames:(const char *)valueNames
+                    values:(const int32_t *)values
+                     count:(uint32_t)valueCount
+              enumVerifier:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)enumVerifier
+       extraTextFormatInfo:(const char *)extraTextFormatInfo;
+
+- (instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)name
+                  valueNames:(const char *)valueNames
+                      values:(const int32_t *)values
+                       count:(uint32_t)valueCount
+                enumVerifier:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)enumVerifier;
+@end
+
+@interface GPBExtensionDescriptor () {
+ @package
+  GPBExtensionDescription *description_;
+}
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBWireFormat wireType;
+
+// For repeated extensions, alternateWireType is the wireType with the opposite
+// value for the packable property.  i.e. - if the extension was marked packed
+// it would be the wire type for unpacked; if the extension was marked unpacked,
+// it would be the wire type for packed.
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBWireFormat alternateWireType;
+
+// description has to be long lived, it is held as a raw pointer.
+- (instancetype)initWithExtensionDescription:
+    (GPBExtensionDescription *)description;
+- (NSComparisonResult)compareByFieldNumber:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)other;
+@end
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+// Direct access is use for speed, to avoid even internally declaring things
+// read/write, etc. The warning is enabled in the project to ensure code calling
+// protos can turn on -Wdirect-ivar-access without issues.
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+GPB_INLINE BOOL GPBFieldIsMapOrArray(GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  return (field->description_->flags &
+          (GPBFieldRepeated | GPBFieldMapKeyMask)) != 0;
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE GPBDataType GPBGetFieldDataType(GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  return field->description_->dataType;
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE int32_t GPBFieldHasIndex(GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  return field->description_->hasIndex;
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE uint32_t GPBFieldNumber(GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  return field->description_->number;
+}
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+uint32_t GPBFieldTag(GPBFieldDescriptor *self);
+
+// For repeated fields, alternateWireType is the wireType with the opposite
+// value for the packable property.  i.e. - if the field was marked packed it
+// would be the wire type for unpacked; if the field was marked unpacked, it
+// would be the wire type for packed.
+uint32_t GPBFieldAlternateTag(GPBFieldDescriptor *self);
+
+GPB_INLINE BOOL GPBHasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+  return syntax == GPBFileSyntaxProto3;
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE BOOL GPBExtensionIsRepeated(GPBExtensionDescription *description) {
+  return (description->options & GPBExtensionRepeated) != 0;
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE BOOL GPBExtensionIsPacked(GPBExtensionDescription *description) {
+  return (description->options & GPBExtensionPacked) != 0;
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE BOOL GPBExtensionIsWireFormat(GPBExtensionDescription *description) {
+  return (description->options & GPBExtensionSetWireFormat) != 0;
+}
+
+// Helper for compile time assets.
+#ifndef GPBInternalCompileAssert
+  #if __has_feature(c_static_assert) || __has_extension(c_static_assert)
+    #define GPBInternalCompileAssert(test, msg) _Static_assert((test), #msg)
+  #else
+    // Pre-Xcode 7 support.
+    #define GPBInternalCompileAssertSymbolInner(line, msg) GPBInternalCompileAssert ## line ## __ ## msg
+    #define GPBInternalCompileAssertSymbol(line, msg) GPBInternalCompileAssertSymbolInner(line, msg)
+    #define GPBInternalCompileAssert(test, msg) \
+        typedef char GPBInternalCompileAssertSymbol(__LINE__, msg) [ ((test) ? 1 : -1) ]
+  #endif  // __has_feature(c_static_assert) || __has_extension(c_static_assert)
+#endif // GPBInternalCompileAssert
+
+// Sanity check that there isn't padding between the field description
+// structures with and without a default.
+GPBInternalCompileAssert(sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescriptionWithDefault) ==
+                         (sizeof(GPBGenericValue) +
+                          sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription)),
+                         DescriptionsWithDefault_different_size_than_expected);
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDictionary.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDictionary.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d00b5b311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDictionary.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5770 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import "GPBRuntimeTypes.h"
+
+// Note on naming: for the classes holding numeric values, a more natural
+// naming of the method might be things like "-valueForKey:",
+// "-setValue:forKey:"; etc. But those selectors are also defined by Key Value
+// Coding (KVC) as categories on NSObject. So "overloading" the selectors with
+// other meanings can cause warnings (based on compiler settings), but more
+// importantly, some of those selector get called as KVC breaks up keypaths.
+// So if those selectors are used, using KVC will compile cleanly, but could
+// crash as it invokes those selectors with the wrong types of arguments.
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DECLARE_DICTIONARIES()
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> UInt32
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint32_t, uint32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt32s:(const uint32_t [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const uint32_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getUInt32:(nullable uint32_t *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setUInt32:(uint32_t)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeUInt32ForKey:(uint32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Int32
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint32_t, int32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithInt32s:(const int32_t [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const uint32_t [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getInt32:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setInt32:(int32_t)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeInt32ForKey:(uint32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> UInt64
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint32_t, uint64_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt64s:(const uint64_t [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const uint32_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getUInt64:(nullable uint64_t *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setUInt64:(uint64_t)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeUInt64ForKey:(uint32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Int64
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint32_t, int64_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithInt64s:(const int64_t [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const uint32_t [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getInt64:(nullable int64_t *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setInt64:(int64_t)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeInt64ForKey:(uint32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Bool
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint32_t, BOOL>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt32BoolDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithBools:(const BOOL [__nullable])values
+                      forKeys:(const uint32_t [__nullable])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getBool:(nullable BOOL *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setBool:(BOOL)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeBoolForKey:(uint32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Float
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint32_t, float>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt32FloatDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithFloats:(const float [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const uint32_t [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getFloat:(nullable float *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, float value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setFloat:(float)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeFloatForKey:(uint32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Double
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint32_t, double>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDoubles:(const double [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const uint32_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getDouble:(nullable double *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, double value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setDouble:(double)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeDoubleForKey:(uint32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Enum
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint32_t, int32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt32EnumDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+/** The validation function to check if the enums are valid. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBEnumValidationFunc validationFunc;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the given validation function.
+ *
+ * @param func The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the entries given.
+ *
+ * @param func   The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ * @param values The raw enum values values to be placed in the dictionary.
+ * @param keys   The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count  The number of entries to store in the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the keys and values in it.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                 rawValues:(const int32_t [__nullable])values
+                                   forKeys:(const uint32_t [__nullable])keys
+                                     count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the entries from the given.
+ * dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries from the given
+ *         dictionary in it.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param func     The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ * @param numItems Capacity needed for the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the given capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+// These will return kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue if the value for the key
+// is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc. If the actual value is
+// desired, use "raw" version of the method.
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getEnum:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the raw enum value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the access of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param rawValue Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key      Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getRawValue:(nullable int32_t *)rawValue forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the access of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:      The key for the current entry.
+ *   **rawValue**: The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:     A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, int32_t rawValue, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and raw enum values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addRawEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+// If value is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc, these
+// methods will assert in debug, and will log in release and assign the value
+// to the default value. Use the rawValue methods below to assign non enumerator
+// values.
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setEnum:(int32_t)value forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the raw enum value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param rawValue The raw enum value to set.
+ * @param key      The key under which to store the raw enum value.
+ **/
+- (void)setRawValue:(int32_t)rawValue forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeEnumForKey:(uint32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Object
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint32_t, ObjectType>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<__covariant ObjectType> : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param objects      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys         The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count        The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const ObjectType __nonnull GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED [__nullable])objects
+                        forKeys:(const uint32_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the object stored under the given key.
+ *
+ * @param key Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return The object if found, nil otherwise.
+ **/
+- (ObjectType)objectForKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:         The key for the current entry.
+ *   **object**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:        A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, ObjectType object, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param object     The value to set.
+ * @param key        The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setObject:(ObjectType)object forKey:(uint32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeObjectForKey:(uint32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> UInt32
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int32_t, uint32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt32s:(const uint32_t [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const int32_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getUInt32:(nullable uint32_t *)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setUInt32:(uint32_t)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeUInt32ForKey:(int32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Int32
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int32_t, int32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt32Int32Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithInt32s:(const int32_t [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const int32_t [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getInt32:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setInt32:(int32_t)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeInt32ForKey:(int32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> UInt64
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int32_t, uint64_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt64s:(const uint64_t [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const int32_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getUInt64:(nullable uint64_t *)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setUInt64:(uint64_t)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeUInt64ForKey:(int32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Int64
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int32_t, int64_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt32Int64Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithInt64s:(const int64_t [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const int32_t [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getInt64:(nullable int64_t *)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setInt64:(int64_t)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeInt64ForKey:(int32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Bool
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int32_t, BOOL>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt32BoolDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithBools:(const BOOL [__nullable])values
+                      forKeys:(const int32_t [__nullable])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32BoolDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getBool:(nullable BOOL *)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32BoolDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setBool:(BOOL)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeBoolForKey:(int32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Float
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int32_t, float>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt32FloatDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithFloats:(const float [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const int32_t [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32FloatDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getFloat:(nullable float *)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, float value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32FloatDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setFloat:(float)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeFloatForKey:(int32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Double
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int32_t, double>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt32DoubleDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDoubles:(const double [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const int32_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getDouble:(nullable double *)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, double value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setDouble:(double)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeDoubleForKey:(int32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Enum
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int32_t, int32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt32EnumDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+/** The validation function to check if the enums are valid. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBEnumValidationFunc validationFunc;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the given validation function.
+ *
+ * @param func The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the entries given.
+ *
+ * @param func   The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ * @param values The raw enum values values to be placed in the dictionary.
+ * @param keys   The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count  The number of entries to store in the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the keys and values in it.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                 rawValues:(const int32_t [__nullable])values
+                                   forKeys:(const int32_t [__nullable])keys
+                                     count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the entries from the given.
+ * dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries from the given
+ *         dictionary in it.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32EnumDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param func     The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ * @param numItems Capacity needed for the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the given capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+// These will return kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue if the value for the key
+// is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc. If the actual value is
+// desired, use "raw" version of the method.
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getEnum:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the raw enum value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the access of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param rawValue Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key      Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getRawValue:(nullable int32_t *)rawValue forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the access of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:      The key for the current entry.
+ *   **rawValue**: The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:     A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, int32_t rawValue, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and raw enum values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addRawEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32EnumDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+// If value is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc, these
+// methods will assert in debug, and will log in release and assign the value
+// to the default value. Use the rawValue methods below to assign non enumerator
+// values.
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setEnum:(int32_t)value forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the raw enum value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param rawValue The raw enum value to set.
+ * @param key      The key under which to store the raw enum value.
+ **/
+- (void)setRawValue:(int32_t)rawValue forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeEnumForKey:(int32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Object
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int32_t, ObjectType>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<__covariant ObjectType> : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param objects      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys         The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count        The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const ObjectType __nonnull GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED [__nullable])objects
+                        forKeys:(const int32_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32ObjectDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the object stored under the given key.
+ *
+ * @param key Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return The object if found, nil otherwise.
+ **/
+- (ObjectType)objectForKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:         The key for the current entry.
+ *   **object**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:        A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, ObjectType object, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32ObjectDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param object     The value to set.
+ * @param key        The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setObject:(ObjectType)object forKey:(int32_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeObjectForKey:(int32_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> UInt32
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint64_t, uint32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt32s:(const uint32_t [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const uint64_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getUInt32:(nullable uint32_t *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setUInt32:(uint32_t)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeUInt32ForKey:(uint64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Int32
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint64_t, int32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithInt32s:(const int32_t [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const uint64_t [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getInt32:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setInt32:(int32_t)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeInt32ForKey:(uint64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> UInt64
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint64_t, uint64_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt64s:(const uint64_t [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const uint64_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getUInt64:(nullable uint64_t *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setUInt64:(uint64_t)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeUInt64ForKey:(uint64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Int64
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint64_t, int64_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithInt64s:(const int64_t [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const uint64_t [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getInt64:(nullable int64_t *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setInt64:(int64_t)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeInt64ForKey:(uint64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Bool
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint64_t, BOOL>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt64BoolDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithBools:(const BOOL [__nullable])values
+                      forKeys:(const uint64_t [__nullable])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getBool:(nullable BOOL *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setBool:(BOOL)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeBoolForKey:(uint64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Float
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint64_t, float>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt64FloatDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithFloats:(const float [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const uint64_t [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getFloat:(nullable float *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, float value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setFloat:(float)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeFloatForKey:(uint64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Double
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint64_t, double>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDoubles:(const double [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const uint64_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getDouble:(nullable double *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, double value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setDouble:(double)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeDoubleForKey:(uint64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Enum
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint64_t, int32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt64EnumDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+/** The validation function to check if the enums are valid. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBEnumValidationFunc validationFunc;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the given validation function.
+ *
+ * @param func The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the entries given.
+ *
+ * @param func   The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ * @param values The raw enum values values to be placed in the dictionary.
+ * @param keys   The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count  The number of entries to store in the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the keys and values in it.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                 rawValues:(const int32_t [__nullable])values
+                                   forKeys:(const uint64_t [__nullable])keys
+                                     count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the entries from the given.
+ * dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries from the given
+ *         dictionary in it.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param func     The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ * @param numItems Capacity needed for the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the given capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+// These will return kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue if the value for the key
+// is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc. If the actual value is
+// desired, use "raw" version of the method.
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getEnum:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the raw enum value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the access of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param rawValue Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key      Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getRawValue:(nullable int32_t *)rawValue forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the access of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:      The key for the current entry.
+ *   **rawValue**: The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:     A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, int32_t rawValue, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and raw enum values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addRawEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+// If value is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc, these
+// methods will assert in debug, and will log in release and assign the value
+// to the default value. Use the rawValue methods below to assign non enumerator
+// values.
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setEnum:(int32_t)value forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the raw enum value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param rawValue The raw enum value to set.
+ * @param key      The key under which to store the raw enum value.
+ **/
+- (void)setRawValue:(int32_t)rawValue forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeEnumForKey:(uint64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Object
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <uint64_t, ObjectType>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<__covariant ObjectType> : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param objects      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys         The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count        The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const ObjectType __nonnull GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED [__nullable])objects
+                        forKeys:(const uint64_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the object stored under the given key.
+ *
+ * @param key Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return The object if found, nil otherwise.
+ **/
+- (ObjectType)objectForKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:         The key for the current entry.
+ *   **object**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:        A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, ObjectType object, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param object     The value to set.
+ * @param key        The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setObject:(ObjectType)object forKey:(uint64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeObjectForKey:(uint64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> UInt32
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int64_t, uint32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt32s:(const uint32_t [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const int64_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getUInt32:(nullable uint32_t *)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setUInt32:(uint32_t)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeUInt32ForKey:(int64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Int32
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int64_t, int32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt64Int32Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithInt32s:(const int32_t [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const int64_t [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getInt32:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setInt32:(int32_t)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeInt32ForKey:(int64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> UInt64
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int64_t, uint64_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt64s:(const uint64_t [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const int64_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getUInt64:(nullable uint64_t *)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setUInt64:(uint64_t)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeUInt64ForKey:(int64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Int64
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int64_t, int64_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt64Int64Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithInt64s:(const int64_t [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const int64_t [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getInt64:(nullable int64_t *)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setInt64:(int64_t)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeInt64ForKey:(int64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Bool
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int64_t, BOOL>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt64BoolDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithBools:(const BOOL [__nullable])values
+                      forKeys:(const int64_t [__nullable])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64BoolDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getBool:(nullable BOOL *)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64BoolDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setBool:(BOOL)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeBoolForKey:(int64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Float
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int64_t, float>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt64FloatDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithFloats:(const float [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const int64_t [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64FloatDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getFloat:(nullable float *)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, float value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64FloatDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setFloat:(float)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeFloatForKey:(int64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Double
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int64_t, double>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt64DoubleDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDoubles:(const double [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const int64_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getDouble:(nullable double *)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, double value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setDouble:(double)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeDoubleForKey:(int64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Enum
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int64_t, int32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt64EnumDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+/** The validation function to check if the enums are valid. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBEnumValidationFunc validationFunc;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the given validation function.
+ *
+ * @param func The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the entries given.
+ *
+ * @param func   The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ * @param values The raw enum values values to be placed in the dictionary.
+ * @param keys   The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count  The number of entries to store in the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the keys and values in it.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                 rawValues:(const int32_t [__nullable])values
+                                   forKeys:(const int64_t [__nullable])keys
+                                     count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the entries from the given.
+ * dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries from the given
+ *         dictionary in it.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64EnumDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param func     The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ * @param numItems Capacity needed for the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the given capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+// These will return kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue if the value for the key
+// is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc. If the actual value is
+// desired, use "raw" version of the method.
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getEnum:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the raw enum value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the access of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param rawValue Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key      Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getRawValue:(nullable int32_t *)rawValue forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the access of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:      The key for the current entry.
+ *   **rawValue**: The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:     A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, int32_t rawValue, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and raw enum values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addRawEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64EnumDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+// If value is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc, these
+// methods will assert in debug, and will log in release and assign the value
+// to the default value. Use the rawValue methods below to assign non enumerator
+// values.
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setEnum:(int32_t)value forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the raw enum value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param rawValue The raw enum value to set.
+ * @param key      The key under which to store the raw enum value.
+ **/
+- (void)setRawValue:(int32_t)rawValue forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeEnumForKey:(int64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Object
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <int64_t, ObjectType>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<__covariant ObjectType> : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param objects      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys         The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count        The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const ObjectType __nonnull GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED [__nullable])objects
+                        forKeys:(const int64_t [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64ObjectDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the object stored under the given key.
+ *
+ * @param key Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return The object if found, nil otherwise.
+ **/
+- (ObjectType)objectForKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:         The key for the current entry.
+ *   **object**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:        A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, ObjectType object, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64ObjectDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param object     The value to set.
+ * @param key        The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setObject:(ObjectType)object forKey:(int64_t)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeObjectForKey:(int64_t)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> UInt32
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <BOOL, uint32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt32s:(const uint32_t [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const BOOL [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getUInt32:(nullable uint32_t *)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setUInt32:(uint32_t)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeUInt32ForKey:(BOOL)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Int32
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <BOOL, int32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBBoolInt32Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithInt32s:(const int32_t [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const BOOL [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getInt32:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setInt32:(int32_t)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeInt32ForKey:(BOOL)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> UInt64
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <BOOL, uint64_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt64s:(const uint64_t [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const BOOL [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getUInt64:(nullable uint64_t *)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setUInt64:(uint64_t)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeUInt64ForKey:(BOOL)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Int64
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <BOOL, int64_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBBoolInt64Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithInt64s:(const int64_t [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const BOOL [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getInt64:(nullable int64_t *)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setInt64:(int64_t)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeInt64ForKey:(BOOL)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Bool
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <BOOL, BOOL>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBBoolBoolDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithBools:(const BOOL [__nullable])values
+                      forKeys:(const BOOL [__nullable])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolBoolDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getBool:(nullable BOOL *)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolBoolDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setBool:(BOOL)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeBoolForKey:(BOOL)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Float
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <BOOL, float>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBBoolFloatDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithFloats:(const float [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const BOOL [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolFloatDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getFloat:(nullable float *)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, float value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolFloatDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setFloat:(float)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeFloatForKey:(BOOL)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Double
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <BOOL, double>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBBoolDoubleDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDoubles:(const double [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const BOOL [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getDouble:(nullable double *)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, double value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setDouble:(double)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeDoubleForKey:(BOOL)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Enum
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <BOOL, int32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBBoolEnumDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+/** The validation function to check if the enums are valid. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBEnumValidationFunc validationFunc;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the given validation function.
+ *
+ * @param func The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the entries given.
+ *
+ * @param func   The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ * @param values The raw enum values values to be placed in the dictionary.
+ * @param keys   The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count  The number of entries to store in the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the keys and values in it.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                 rawValues:(const int32_t [__nullable])values
+                                   forKeys:(const BOOL [__nullable])keys
+                                     count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the entries from the given.
+ * dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries from the given
+ *         dictionary in it.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolEnumDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param func     The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ * @param numItems Capacity needed for the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the given capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+// These will return kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue if the value for the key
+// is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc. If the actual value is
+// desired, use "raw" version of the method.
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getEnum:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the raw enum value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the access of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param rawValue Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key      Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getRawValue:(nullable int32_t *)rawValue forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the access of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:      The key for the current entry.
+ *   **rawValue**: The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:     A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, int32_t rawValue, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and raw enum values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addRawEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolEnumDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+// If value is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc, these
+// methods will assert in debug, and will log in release and assign the value
+// to the default value. Use the rawValue methods below to assign non enumerator
+// values.
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setEnum:(int32_t)value forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the raw enum value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param rawValue The raw enum value to set.
+ * @param key      The key under which to store the raw enum value.
+ **/
+- (void)setRawValue:(int32_t)rawValue forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeEnumForKey:(BOOL)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Object
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <BOOL, ObjectType>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBBoolObjectDictionary<__covariant ObjectType> : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param objects      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys         The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count        The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const ObjectType __nonnull GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED [__nullable])objects
+                        forKeys:(const BOOL [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolObjectDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the object stored under the given key.
+ *
+ * @param key Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return The object if found, nil otherwise.
+ **/
+- (ObjectType)objectForKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:         The key for the current entry.
+ *   **object**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:        A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, ObjectType object, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolObjectDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param object     The value to set.
+ * @param key        The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setObject:(ObjectType)object forKey:(BOOL)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeObjectForKey:(BOOL)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> UInt32
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <NSString, uint32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBStringUInt32Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt32s:(const uint32_t [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const NSString * __nonnull GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getUInt32:(nullable uint32_t *)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setUInt32:(uint32_t)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeUInt32ForKey:(NSString *)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Int32
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <NSString, int32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBStringInt32Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithInt32s:(const int32_t [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const NSString * __nonnull GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringInt32Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getInt32:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setInt32:(int32_t)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeInt32ForKey:(NSString *)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> UInt64
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <NSString, uint64_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBStringUInt64Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt64s:(const uint64_t [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const NSString * __nonnull GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getUInt64:(nullable uint64_t *)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setUInt64:(uint64_t)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeUInt64ForKey:(NSString *)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Int64
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <NSString, int64_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBStringInt64Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithInt64s:(const int64_t [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const NSString * __nonnull GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringInt64Dictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getInt64:(nullable int64_t *)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setInt64:(int64_t)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeInt64ForKey:(NSString *)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Bool
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <NSString, BOOL>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBStringBoolDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithBools:(const BOOL [__nullable])values
+                      forKeys:(const NSString * __nonnull GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED [__nullable])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringBoolDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getBool:(nullable BOOL *)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringBoolDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setBool:(BOOL)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeBoolForKey:(NSString *)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Float
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <NSString, float>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBStringFloatDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithFloats:(const float [__nullable])values
+                       forKeys:(const NSString * __nonnull GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED [__nullable])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringFloatDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getFloat:(nullable float *)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, float value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringFloatDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setFloat:(float)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeFloatForKey:(NSString *)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Double
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <NSString, double>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBStringDoubleDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+ *
+ * @param values      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+ * @param keys        The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count       The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDoubles:(const double [__nullable])values
+                        forKeys:(const NSString * __nonnull GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED [__nullable])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringDoubleDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ *
+ * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getDouble:(nullable double *)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, double value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringDoubleDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setDouble:(double)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeDoubleForKey:(NSString *)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Enum
+
+/**
+ * Class used for map fields of <NSString, int32_t>
+ * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+ *
+ * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+ **/
+@interface GPBStringEnumDictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+/** The validation function to check if the enums are valid. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBEnumValidationFunc validationFunc;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the given validation function.
+ *
+ * @param func The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the entries given.
+ *
+ * @param func   The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ * @param values The raw enum values values to be placed in the dictionary.
+ * @param keys   The keys under which to store the values.
+ * @param count  The number of entries to store in the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the keys and values in it.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                 rawValues:(const int32_t [__nullable])values
+                                   forKeys:(const NSString * __nonnull GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED [__nullable])keys
+                                     count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the entries from the given.
+ * dictionary.
+ *
+ * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries from the given
+ *         dictionary in it.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringEnumDictionary *)dictionary;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dictionary with the given capacity.
+ *
+ * @param func     The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+ * @param numItems Capacity needed for the dictionary.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the given capacity.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+
+// These will return kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue if the value for the key
+// is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc. If the actual value is
+// desired, use "raw" version of the method.
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getEnum:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:        The key for the current entry.
+ *   **value**:      The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:       A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the raw enum value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the access of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param rawValue Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+ * @param key      Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)getRawValue:(nullable int32_t *)rawValue forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the access of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+ *   **key**:      The key for the current entry.
+ *   **rawValue**: The value for the current entry
+ *   **stop**:     A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+ **/
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, int32_t rawValue, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the keys and raw enum values from another dictionary.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+ *                        dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)addRawEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringEnumDictionary *)otherDictionary;
+
+// If value is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc, these
+// methods will assert in debug, and will log in release and assign the value
+// to the default value. Use the rawValue methods below to assign non enumerator
+// values.
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param value     The value to set.
+ * @param key       The key under which to store the value.
+ **/
+- (void)setEnum:(int32_t)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the raw enum value for the given key.
+ *
+ * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+ *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+ *
+ * @param rawValue The raw enum value to set.
+ * @param key      The key under which to store the raw enum value.
+ **/
+- (void)setRawValue:(int32_t)rawValue forKey:(NSString *)key;
+
+/**
+ * Removes the entry for the given key.
+ *
+ * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeEnumForKey:(NSString *)aKey;
+
+/**
+ * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+ **/
+- (void)removeAll;
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END DECLARE_DICTIONARIES()
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DECLARE_DICTIONARIES()
+//%DICTIONARY_INTERFACES_FOR_POD_KEY(UInt32, uint32_t)
+//%DICTIONARY_INTERFACES_FOR_POD_KEY(Int32, int32_t)
+//%DICTIONARY_INTERFACES_FOR_POD_KEY(UInt64, uint64_t)
+//%DICTIONARY_INTERFACES_FOR_POD_KEY(Int64, int64_t)
+//%DICTIONARY_INTERFACES_FOR_POD_KEY(Bool, BOOL)
+//%DICTIONARY_POD_INTERFACES_FOR_KEY(String, NSString, *, OBJECT)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_INTERFACES_FOR_POD_KEY(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE)
+//%DICTIONARY_POD_INTERFACES_FOR_KEY(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, , POD)
+//%DICTIONARY_POD_KEY_TO_OBJECT_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, Object, ObjectType)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_POD_INTERFACES_FOR_KEY(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER, UInt32, uint32_t)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER, Int32, int32_t)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER, UInt64, uint64_t)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER, Int64, int64_t)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER, Bool, BOOL)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER, Float, float)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER, Double, double)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_ENUM_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER, Enum, int32_t)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%DICTIONARY_COMMON_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, POD, VALUE_NAME, value)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_POD_KEY_TO_OBJECT_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%DICTIONARY_COMMON_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, , POD, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, OBJECT, Object, object)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE VALUE_FOR_KEY_POD(KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)
+//%/**
+//% * Gets the value for the given key.
+//% *
+//% * @param value Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+//% * @param key   Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+//% *
+//% * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+//% **/
+//%- (BOOL)get##VNAME##:(nullable VALUE_TYPE *)value forKey:(KEY_TYPE)key;
+//%PDDM-DEFINE VALUE_FOR_KEY_OBJECT(KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)
+//%/**
+//% * Fetches the object stored under the given key.
+//% *
+//% * @param key Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+//% *
+//% * @return The object if found, nil otherwise.
+//% **/
+//%- (VALUE_TYPE)objectForKey:(KEY_TYPE)key;
+//%PDDM-DEFINE VALUE_FOR_KEY_Enum(KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)
+//%VALUE_FOR_KEY_POD(KEY_TYPE, VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_ARG_MODIFIERPOD()
+// Nothing
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_ARG_MODIFIEREnum()
+// Nothing
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_ARG_MODIFIEROBJECT()
+//%__nonnull GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED ##
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECLPOD(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECLEnum(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECLOBJECT(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary<__covariant VALUE_TYPE>
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_COMMON_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VHELPER, VNAME, VNAME_VAR)
+//%#pragma mark - KEY_NAME -> VALUE_NAME
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Class used for map fields of <##KEY_TYPE##, ##VALUE_TYPE##>
+//% * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+//% *
+//% * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+//% **/
+//%@interface DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) : NSObject <NSCopying>
+//%
+//%/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+//%@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Initializes this dictionary, copying the given values and keys.
+//% *
+//% * @param ##VNAME_VAR##s      The values to be placed in this dictionary.
+//% * @param keys ##VNAME_VAR$S##  The keys under which to store the values.
+//% * @param count ##VNAME_VAR$S## The number of elements to copy into the dictionary.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly initialized dictionary with a copy of the values and keys.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)initWith##VNAME##s:(const VALUE_TYPE ARRAY_ARG_MODIFIER##VHELPER()[__nullable])##VNAME_VAR##s
+//%                ##VNAME$S##  forKeys:(const KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP ARRAY_ARG_MODIFIER##KHELPER()[__nullable])keys
+//%                ##VNAME$S##    count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Initializes this dictionary, copying the entries from the given dictionary.
+//% *
+//% * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to this dictionary.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries of the given dictionary.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *)dictionary;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Initializes this dictionary with the requested capacity.
+//% *
+//% * @param numItems Number of items needed for this dictionary.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the requested capacity.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+//%
+//%DICTIONARY_IMMUTABLE_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VHELPER, VNAME, VNAME_VAR)
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Adds the keys and values from another dictionary.
+//% *
+//% * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+//% *                        dictionary.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+//%
+//%DICTIONARY_MUTABLE_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VHELPER, VNAME, VNAME_VAR)
+//%
+//%@end
+//%
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_ENUM_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_ENUM_INTERFACE2(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, Enum)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_ENUM_INTERFACE2(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VHELPER)
+//%#pragma mark - KEY_NAME -> VALUE_NAME
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Class used for map fields of <##KEY_TYPE##, ##VALUE_TYPE##>
+//% * values. This performs better than boxing into NSNumbers in NSDictionaries.
+//% *
+//% * @note This class is not meant to be subclassed.
+//% **/
+//%@interface GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary : NSObject <NSCopying>
+//%
+//%/** Number of entries stored in this dictionary. */
+//%@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger count;
+//%/** The validation function to check if the enums are valid. */
+//%@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBEnumValidationFunc validationFunc;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Initializes a dictionary with the given validation function.
+//% *
+//% * @param func The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly initialized dictionary.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Initializes a dictionary with the entries given.
+//% *
+//% * @param func   The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+//% * @param values The raw enum values values to be placed in the dictionary.
+//% * @param keys   The keys under which to store the values.
+//% * @param count  The number of entries to store in the dictionary.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the keys and values in it.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+//%                                 rawValues:(const VALUE_TYPE ARRAY_ARG_MODIFIER##VHELPER()[__nullable])values
+//%                                   forKeys:(const KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP ARRAY_ARG_MODIFIER##KHELPER()[__nullable])keys
+//%                                     count:(NSUInteger)count NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Initializes a dictionary with the entries from the given.
+//% * dictionary.
+//% *
+//% * @param dictionary Dictionary containing the entries to add to the dictionary.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the entries from the given
+//% *         dictionary in it.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *)dictionary;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Initializes a dictionary with the given capacity.
+//% *
+//% * @param func     The enum validation function for the dictionary.
+//% * @param numItems Capacity needed for the dictionary.
+//% *
+//% * @return A newly initialized dictionary with the given capacity.
+//% **/
+//%- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(nullable GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+//%                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)numItems;
+//%
+//%// These will return kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue if the value for the key
+//%// is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc. If the actual value is
+//%// desired, use "raw" version of the method.
+//%
+//%DICTIONARY_IMMUTABLE_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VHELPER, Enum, value)
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Gets the raw enum value for the given key.
+//% *
+//% * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the access of values that
+//% *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+//% *
+//% * @param rawValue Pointer into which the value will be set, if found.
+//% * @param key      Key under which the value is stored, if present.
+//% *
+//% * @return YES if the key was found and the value was copied, NO otherwise.
+//% **/
+//%- (BOOL)getRawValue:(nullable VALUE_TYPE *)rawValue forKey:(KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP)key;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+//% *
+//% * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the access of values that
+//% *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+//% *
+//% * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+//% *   **key**:      The key for the current entry.
+//% *   **rawValue**: The value for the current entry
+//% *   **stop**:     A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:
+//%    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(KEY_TYPE KisP##key, VALUE_TYPE rawValue, BOOL *stop))block;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Adds the keys and raw enum values from another dictionary.
+//% *
+//% * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+//% *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+//% *
+//% * @param otherDictionary Dictionary containing entries to be added to this
+//% *                        dictionary.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)addRawEntriesFromDictionary:(GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *)otherDictionary;
+//%
+//%// If value is not a valid enumerator as defined by validationFunc, these
+//%// methods will assert in debug, and will log in release and assign the value
+//%// to the default value. Use the rawValue methods below to assign non enumerator
+//%// values.
+//%
+//%DICTIONARY_MUTABLE_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VHELPER, Enum, value)
+//%
+//%@end
+//%
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_IMMUTABLE_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VHELPER, VNAME, VNAME_VAR)
+//%VALUE_FOR_KEY_##VHELPER(KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP, VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Enumerates the keys and values on this dictionary with the given block.
+//% *
+//% * @param block The block to enumerate with.
+//% *   **key**: ##VNAME_VAR$S##  The key for the current entry.
+//% *   **VNAME_VAR**:      The value for the current entry
+//% *   **stop**: ##VNAME_VAR$S## A pointer to a boolean that when set stops the enumeration.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)enumerateKeysAnd##VNAME##sUsingBlock:
+//%    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(KEY_TYPE KisP##key, VALUE_TYPE VNAME_VAR, BOOL *stop))block;
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_MUTABLE_INTERFACE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VHELPER, VNAME, VNAME_VAR)
+//%/**
+//% * Sets the value for the given key.
+//% *
+//% * @param ##VNAME_VAR     The value to set.
+//% * @param key ##VNAME_VAR$S## The key under which to store the value.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)set##VNAME##:(VALUE_TYPE)##VNAME_VAR forKey:(KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP)key;
+//%DICTIONARY_EXTRA_MUTABLE_METHODS_##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%/**
+//% * Removes the entry for the given key.
+//% *
+//% * @param aKey Key to be removed from this dictionary.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)remove##VNAME##ForKey:(KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP)aKey;
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Removes all entries in this dictionary.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)removeAll;
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_EXTRA_MUTABLE_METHODS_POD(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_EXTRA_MUTABLE_METHODS_OBJECT(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_EXTRA_MUTABLE_METHODS_Enum(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Sets the raw enum value for the given key.
+//% *
+//% * @note This method bypass the validationFunc to enable the setting of values that
+//% *       were not known at the time the binary was compiled.
+//% *
+//% * @param rawValue The raw enum value to set.
+//% * @param key      The key under which to store the raw enum value.
+//% **/
+//%- (void)setRawValue:(VALUE_TYPE)rawValue forKey:(KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP)key;
+//%
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDictionary.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDictionary.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1bb24be0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDictionary.m
@@ -0,0 +1,12120 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBDictionary_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+#import "GPBCodedInputStream_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBCodedOutputStream_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBDescriptor_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+// ------------------------------ NOTE ------------------------------
+// At the moment, this is all using NSNumbers in NSDictionaries under
+// the hood, but it is all hidden so we can come back and optimize
+// with direct CFDictionary usage later.  The reason that wasn't
+// done yet is needing to support 32bit iOS builds.  Otherwise
+// it would be pretty simple to store all this data in CFDictionaries
+// directly.
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Direct access is use for speed, to avoid even internally declaring things
+// read/write, etc. The warning is enabled in the project to ensure code calling
+// protos can turn on -Wdirect-ivar-access without issues.
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+// Used to include code only visible to specific versions of the static
+// analyzer. Useful for wrapping code that only exists to silence the analyzer.
+// Determine the values you want to use for BEGIN_APPLE_BUILD_VERSION,
+// END_APPLE_BUILD_VERSION using:
+//   xcrun clang -dM -E -x c /dev/null | grep __apple_build_version__
+// Example usage:
+//  #if GPB_STATIC_ANALYZER_ONLY(5621, 5623) ... #endif
+#define GPB_STATIC_ANALYZER_ONLY(BEGIN_APPLE_BUILD_VERSION, END_APPLE_BUILD_VERSION) \
+    (defined(__clang_analyzer__) && \
+     (__apple_build_version__ >= BEGIN_APPLE_BUILD_VERSION && \
+      __apple_build_version__ <= END_APPLE_BUILD_VERSION))
+
+enum {
+  kMapKeyFieldNumber = 1,
+  kMapValueFieldNumber = 2,
+};
+
+static BOOL DictDefault_IsValidValue(int32_t value) {
+  // Anything but the bad value marker is allowed.
+  return (value != kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+}
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SERIALIZE_SUPPORT_2_TYPE(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, GPBDATATYPE_NAME1, GPBDATATYPE_NAME2)
+//%static size_t ComputeDict##VALUE_NAME##FieldSize(VALUE_TYPE value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+//%  if (dataType == GPBDataType##GPBDATATYPE_NAME1) {
+//%    return GPBCompute##GPBDATATYPE_NAME1##Size(fieldNum, value);
+//%  } else if (dataType == GPBDataType##GPBDATATYPE_NAME2) {
+//%    return GPBCompute##GPBDATATYPE_NAME2##Size(fieldNum, value);
+//%  } else {
+//%    NSCAssert(NO, @"Unexpected type %d", dataType);
+//%    return 0;
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%static void WriteDict##VALUE_NAME##Field(GPBCodedOutputStream *stream, VALUE_TYPE value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+//%  if (dataType == GPBDataType##GPBDATATYPE_NAME1) {
+//%    [stream write##GPBDATATYPE_NAME1##:fieldNum value:value];
+//%  } else if (dataType == GPBDataType##GPBDATATYPE_NAME2) {
+//%    [stream write##GPBDATATYPE_NAME2##:fieldNum value:value];
+//%  } else {
+//%    NSCAssert(NO, @"Unexpected type %d", dataType);
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SERIALIZE_SUPPORT_3_TYPE(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, GPBDATATYPE_NAME1, GPBDATATYPE_NAME2, GPBDATATYPE_NAME3)
+//%static size_t ComputeDict##VALUE_NAME##FieldSize(VALUE_TYPE value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+//%  if (dataType == GPBDataType##GPBDATATYPE_NAME1) {
+//%    return GPBCompute##GPBDATATYPE_NAME1##Size(fieldNum, value);
+//%  } else if (dataType == GPBDataType##GPBDATATYPE_NAME2) {
+//%    return GPBCompute##GPBDATATYPE_NAME2##Size(fieldNum, value);
+//%  } else if (dataType == GPBDataType##GPBDATATYPE_NAME3) {
+//%    return GPBCompute##GPBDATATYPE_NAME3##Size(fieldNum, value);
+//%  } else {
+//%    NSCAssert(NO, @"Unexpected type %d", dataType);
+//%    return 0;
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%static void WriteDict##VALUE_NAME##Field(GPBCodedOutputStream *stream, VALUE_TYPE value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+//%  if (dataType == GPBDataType##GPBDATATYPE_NAME1) {
+//%    [stream write##GPBDATATYPE_NAME1##:fieldNum value:value];
+//%  } else if (dataType == GPBDataType##GPBDATATYPE_NAME2) {
+//%    [stream write##GPBDATATYPE_NAME2##:fieldNum value:value];
+//%  } else if (dataType == GPBDataType##GPBDATATYPE_NAME3) {
+//%    [stream write##GPBDATATYPE_NAME3##:fieldNum value:value];
+//%  } else {
+//%    NSCAssert(NO, @"Unexpected type %d", dataType);
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SIMPLE_SERIALIZE_SUPPORT(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VisP)
+//%static size_t ComputeDict##VALUE_NAME##FieldSize(VALUE_TYPE VisP##value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+//%  NSCAssert(dataType == GPBDataType##VALUE_NAME, @"bad type: %d", dataType);
+//%  #pragma unused(dataType)  // For when asserts are off in release.
+//%  return GPBCompute##VALUE_NAME##Size(fieldNum, value);
+//%}
+//%
+//%static void WriteDict##VALUE_NAME##Field(GPBCodedOutputStream *stream, VALUE_TYPE VisP##value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+//%  NSCAssert(dataType == GPBDataType##VALUE_NAME, @"bad type: %d", dataType);
+//%  #pragma unused(dataType)  // For when asserts are off in release.
+//%  [stream write##VALUE_NAME##:fieldNum value:value];
+//%}
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SERIALIZE_SUPPORT_HELPERS()
+//%SERIALIZE_SUPPORT_3_TYPE(Int32, int32_t, Int32, SInt32, SFixed32)
+//%SERIALIZE_SUPPORT_2_TYPE(UInt32, uint32_t, UInt32, Fixed32)
+//%SERIALIZE_SUPPORT_3_TYPE(Int64, int64_t, Int64, SInt64, SFixed64)
+//%SERIALIZE_SUPPORT_2_TYPE(UInt64, uint64_t, UInt64, Fixed64)
+//%SIMPLE_SERIALIZE_SUPPORT(Bool, BOOL, )
+//%SIMPLE_SERIALIZE_SUPPORT(Enum, int32_t, )
+//%SIMPLE_SERIALIZE_SUPPORT(Float, float, )
+//%SIMPLE_SERIALIZE_SUPPORT(Double, double, )
+//%SIMPLE_SERIALIZE_SUPPORT(String, NSString, *)
+//%SERIALIZE_SUPPORT_3_TYPE(Object, id, Message, String, Bytes)
+//%PDDM-EXPAND SERIALIZE_SUPPORT_HELPERS()
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+static size_t ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(int32_t value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  if (dataType == GPBDataTypeInt32) {
+    return GPBComputeInt32Size(fieldNum, value);
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeSInt32) {
+    return GPBComputeSInt32Size(fieldNum, value);
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeSFixed32) {
+    return GPBComputeSFixed32Size(fieldNum, value);
+  } else {
+    NSCAssert(NO, @"Unexpected type %d", dataType);
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static void WriteDictInt32Field(GPBCodedOutputStream *stream, int32_t value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  if (dataType == GPBDataTypeInt32) {
+    [stream writeInt32:fieldNum value:value];
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeSInt32) {
+    [stream writeSInt32:fieldNum value:value];
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeSFixed32) {
+    [stream writeSFixed32:fieldNum value:value];
+  } else {
+    NSCAssert(NO, @"Unexpected type %d", dataType);
+  }
+}
+
+static size_t ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(uint32_t value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  if (dataType == GPBDataTypeUInt32) {
+    return GPBComputeUInt32Size(fieldNum, value);
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeFixed32) {
+    return GPBComputeFixed32Size(fieldNum, value);
+  } else {
+    NSCAssert(NO, @"Unexpected type %d", dataType);
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static void WriteDictUInt32Field(GPBCodedOutputStream *stream, uint32_t value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  if (dataType == GPBDataTypeUInt32) {
+    [stream writeUInt32:fieldNum value:value];
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeFixed32) {
+    [stream writeFixed32:fieldNum value:value];
+  } else {
+    NSCAssert(NO, @"Unexpected type %d", dataType);
+  }
+}
+
+static size_t ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(int64_t value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  if (dataType == GPBDataTypeInt64) {
+    return GPBComputeInt64Size(fieldNum, value);
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeSInt64) {
+    return GPBComputeSInt64Size(fieldNum, value);
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeSFixed64) {
+    return GPBComputeSFixed64Size(fieldNum, value);
+  } else {
+    NSCAssert(NO, @"Unexpected type %d", dataType);
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static void WriteDictInt64Field(GPBCodedOutputStream *stream, int64_t value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  if (dataType == GPBDataTypeInt64) {
+    [stream writeInt64:fieldNum value:value];
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeSInt64) {
+    [stream writeSInt64:fieldNum value:value];
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeSFixed64) {
+    [stream writeSFixed64:fieldNum value:value];
+  } else {
+    NSCAssert(NO, @"Unexpected type %d", dataType);
+  }
+}
+
+static size_t ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(uint64_t value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  if (dataType == GPBDataTypeUInt64) {
+    return GPBComputeUInt64Size(fieldNum, value);
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeFixed64) {
+    return GPBComputeFixed64Size(fieldNum, value);
+  } else {
+    NSCAssert(NO, @"Unexpected type %d", dataType);
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static void WriteDictUInt64Field(GPBCodedOutputStream *stream, uint64_t value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  if (dataType == GPBDataTypeUInt64) {
+    [stream writeUInt64:fieldNum value:value];
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeFixed64) {
+    [stream writeFixed64:fieldNum value:value];
+  } else {
+    NSCAssert(NO, @"Unexpected type %d", dataType);
+  }
+}
+
+static size_t ComputeDictBoolFieldSize(BOOL value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  NSCAssert(dataType == GPBDataTypeBool, @"bad type: %d", dataType);
+  #pragma unused(dataType)  // For when asserts are off in release.
+  return GPBComputeBoolSize(fieldNum, value);
+}
+
+static void WriteDictBoolField(GPBCodedOutputStream *stream, BOOL value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  NSCAssert(dataType == GPBDataTypeBool, @"bad type: %d", dataType);
+  #pragma unused(dataType)  // For when asserts are off in release.
+  [stream writeBool:fieldNum value:value];
+}
+
+static size_t ComputeDictEnumFieldSize(int32_t value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  NSCAssert(dataType == GPBDataTypeEnum, @"bad type: %d", dataType);
+  #pragma unused(dataType)  // For when asserts are off in release.
+  return GPBComputeEnumSize(fieldNum, value);
+}
+
+static void WriteDictEnumField(GPBCodedOutputStream *stream, int32_t value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  NSCAssert(dataType == GPBDataTypeEnum, @"bad type: %d", dataType);
+  #pragma unused(dataType)  // For when asserts are off in release.
+  [stream writeEnum:fieldNum value:value];
+}
+
+static size_t ComputeDictFloatFieldSize(float value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  NSCAssert(dataType == GPBDataTypeFloat, @"bad type: %d", dataType);
+  #pragma unused(dataType)  // For when asserts are off in release.
+  return GPBComputeFloatSize(fieldNum, value);
+}
+
+static void WriteDictFloatField(GPBCodedOutputStream *stream, float value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  NSCAssert(dataType == GPBDataTypeFloat, @"bad type: %d", dataType);
+  #pragma unused(dataType)  // For when asserts are off in release.
+  [stream writeFloat:fieldNum value:value];
+}
+
+static size_t ComputeDictDoubleFieldSize(double value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  NSCAssert(dataType == GPBDataTypeDouble, @"bad type: %d", dataType);
+  #pragma unused(dataType)  // For when asserts are off in release.
+  return GPBComputeDoubleSize(fieldNum, value);
+}
+
+static void WriteDictDoubleField(GPBCodedOutputStream *stream, double value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  NSCAssert(dataType == GPBDataTypeDouble, @"bad type: %d", dataType);
+  #pragma unused(dataType)  // For when asserts are off in release.
+  [stream writeDouble:fieldNum value:value];
+}
+
+static size_t ComputeDictStringFieldSize(NSString *value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  NSCAssert(dataType == GPBDataTypeString, @"bad type: %d", dataType);
+  #pragma unused(dataType)  // For when asserts are off in release.
+  return GPBComputeStringSize(fieldNum, value);
+}
+
+static void WriteDictStringField(GPBCodedOutputStream *stream, NSString *value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  NSCAssert(dataType == GPBDataTypeString, @"bad type: %d", dataType);
+  #pragma unused(dataType)  // For when asserts are off in release.
+  [stream writeString:fieldNum value:value];
+}
+
+static size_t ComputeDictObjectFieldSize(id value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  if (dataType == GPBDataTypeMessage) {
+    return GPBComputeMessageSize(fieldNum, value);
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeString) {
+    return GPBComputeStringSize(fieldNum, value);
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeBytes) {
+    return GPBComputeBytesSize(fieldNum, value);
+  } else {
+    NSCAssert(NO, @"Unexpected type %d", dataType);
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static void WriteDictObjectField(GPBCodedOutputStream *stream, id value, uint32_t fieldNum, GPBDataType dataType) {
+  if (dataType == GPBDataTypeMessage) {
+    [stream writeMessage:fieldNum value:value];
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeString) {
+    [stream writeString:fieldNum value:value];
+  } else if (dataType == GPBDataTypeBytes) {
+    [stream writeBytes:fieldNum value:value];
+  } else {
+    NSCAssert(NO, @"Unexpected type %d", dataType);
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END SERIALIZE_SUPPORT_HELPERS()
+
+size_t GPBDictionaryComputeSizeInternalHelper(NSDictionary *dict, GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  GPBDataType mapValueType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSString *key;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [dict keyEnumerator];
+  while ((key = [keys nextObject])) {
+    id obj = dict[key];
+    size_t msgSize = GPBComputeStringSize(kMapKeyFieldNumber, key);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictObjectFieldSize(obj, kMapValueFieldNumber, mapValueType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * dict.count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+void GPBDictionaryWriteToStreamInternalHelper(GPBCodedOutputStream *outputStream,
+                                              NSDictionary *dict,
+                                              GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  NSCAssert(field.mapKeyDataType == GPBDataTypeString, @"Unexpected key type");
+  GPBDataType mapValueType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSString *key;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [dict keyEnumerator];
+  while ((key = [keys nextObject])) {
+    id obj = dict[key];
+    // Write the tag.
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    size_t msgSize = GPBComputeStringSize(kMapKeyFieldNumber, key);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictObjectFieldSize(obj, kMapValueFieldNumber, mapValueType);
+
+    // Write the size and fields.
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    [outputStream writeString:kMapKeyFieldNumber value:key];
+    WriteDictObjectField(outputStream, obj, kMapValueFieldNumber, mapValueType);
+  }
+}
+
+BOOL GPBDictionaryIsInitializedInternalHelper(NSDictionary *dict, GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  NSCAssert(field.mapKeyDataType == GPBDataTypeString, @"Unexpected key type");
+  NSCAssert(GPBGetFieldDataType(field) == GPBDataTypeMessage, @"Unexpected value type");
+  #pragma unused(field)  // For when asserts are off in release.
+  GPBMessage *msg;
+  NSEnumerator *objects = [dict objectEnumerator];
+  while ((msg = [objects nextObject])) {
+    if (!msg.initialized) {
+      return NO;
+    }
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+// Note: if the type is an object, it the retain pass back to the caller.
+static void ReadValue(GPBCodedInputStream *stream,
+                      GPBGenericValue *valueToFill,
+                      GPBDataType type,
+                      GPBExtensionRegistry *registry,
+                      GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case GPBDataTypeBool:
+      valueToFill->valueBool = GPBCodedInputStreamReadBool(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+      valueToFill->valueUInt32 = GPBCodedInputStreamReadFixed32(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+      valueToFill->valueInt32 = GPBCodedInputStreamReadSFixed32(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+      valueToFill->valueFloat = GPBCodedInputStreamReadFloat(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+      valueToFill->valueUInt64 = GPBCodedInputStreamReadFixed64(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+      valueToFill->valueInt64 = GPBCodedInputStreamReadSFixed64(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+      valueToFill->valueDouble = GPBCodedInputStreamReadDouble(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+      valueToFill->valueInt32 = GPBCodedInputStreamReadInt32(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+      valueToFill->valueInt64 = GPBCodedInputStreamReadInt64(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+      valueToFill->valueInt32 = GPBCodedInputStreamReadSInt32(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+      valueToFill->valueInt64 = GPBCodedInputStreamReadSInt64(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+      valueToFill->valueUInt32 = GPBCodedInputStreamReadUInt32(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+      valueToFill->valueUInt64 = GPBCodedInputStreamReadUInt64(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+      [valueToFill->valueData release];
+      valueToFill->valueData = GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedBytes(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeString:
+      [valueToFill->valueString release];
+      valueToFill->valueString = GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedString(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage: {
+      GPBMessage *message = [[field.msgClass alloc] init];
+      [stream readMessage:message extensionRegistry:registry];
+      [valueToFill->valueMessage release];
+      valueToFill->valueMessage = message;
+      break;
+    }
+    case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+      NSCAssert(NO, @"Can't happen");
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+      valueToFill->valueEnum = GPBCodedInputStreamReadEnum(&stream->state_);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void GPBDictionaryReadEntry(id mapDictionary,
+                            GPBCodedInputStream *stream,
+                            GPBExtensionRegistry *registry,
+                            GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                            GPBMessage *parentMessage) {
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+
+  GPBGenericValue key;
+  GPBGenericValue value;
+  // Zero them (but pick up any enum default for proto2).
+  key.valueString = value.valueString = nil;
+  if (valueDataType == GPBDataTypeEnum) {
+    value = field.defaultValue;
+  }
+
+  GPBCodedInputStreamState *state = &stream->state_;
+  uint32_t keyTag =
+      GPBWireFormatMakeTag(kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBWireFormatForType(keyDataType, NO));
+  uint32_t valueTag =
+      GPBWireFormatMakeTag(kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBWireFormatForType(valueDataType, NO));
+
+  BOOL hitError = NO;
+  while (YES) {
+    uint32_t tag = GPBCodedInputStreamReadTag(state);
+    if (tag == keyTag) {
+      ReadValue(stream, &key, keyDataType, registry, field);
+    } else if (tag == valueTag) {
+      ReadValue(stream, &value, valueDataType, registry, field);
+    } else if (tag == 0) {
+      // zero signals EOF / limit reached
+      break;
+    } else {  // Unknown
+      if (![stream skipField:tag]){
+        hitError = YES;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!hitError) {
+    // Handle the special defaults and/or missing key/value.
+    if ((keyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) && (key.valueString == nil)) {
+      key.valueString = [@"" retain];
+    }
+    if (GPBDataTypeIsObject(valueDataType) && value.valueString == nil) {
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wswitch-enum"
+      switch (valueDataType) {
+        case GPBDataTypeString:
+          value.valueString = [@"" retain];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+          value.valueData = [GPBEmptyNSData() retain];
+          break;
+#if defined(__clang_analyzer__)
+        case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+          // Maps can't really have Groups as the value type, but this case is needed
+          // so the analyzer won't report the posibility of send nil in for the value
+          // in the NSMutableDictionary case below.
+#endif
+        case GPBDataTypeMessage: {
+          value.valueMessage = [[field.msgClass alloc] init];
+          break;
+        }
+        default:
+          // Nothing
+          break;
+      }
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+    }
+
+    if ((keyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) && GPBDataTypeIsObject(valueDataType)) {
+#if GPB_STATIC_ANALYZER_ONLY(6020053, 7000181)
+     // Limited to Xcode 6.4 - 7.2, are known to fail here. The upper end can
+     // be raised as needed for new Xcodes.
+     //
+     // This is only needed on a "shallow" analyze; on a "deep" analyze, the
+     // existing code path gets this correct. In shallow, the analyzer decides
+     // GPBDataTypeIsObject(valueDataType) is both false and true on a single
+     // path through this function, allowing nil to be used for the
+     // setObject:forKey:.
+     if (value.valueString == nil) {
+       value.valueString = [@"" retain];
+     }
+#endif
+      // mapDictionary is an NSMutableDictionary
+      [(NSMutableDictionary *)mapDictionary setObject:value.valueString
+                                               forKey:key.valueString];
+    } else {
+      if (valueDataType == GPBDataTypeEnum) {
+        if (GPBHasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics([parentMessage descriptor].file.syntax) ||
+            [field isValidEnumValue:value.valueEnum]) {
+          [mapDictionary setGPBGenericValue:&value forGPBGenericValueKey:&key];
+        } else {
+          NSData *data = [mapDictionary serializedDataForUnknownValue:value.valueEnum
+                                                               forKey:&key
+                                                          keyDataType:keyDataType];
+          [parentMessage addUnknownMapEntry:GPBFieldNumber(field) value:data];
+        }
+      } else {
+        [mapDictionary setGPBGenericValue:&value forGPBGenericValueKey:&key];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (GPBDataTypeIsObject(keyDataType)) {
+    [key.valueString release];
+  }
+  if (GPBDataTypeIsObject(valueDataType)) {
+    [value.valueString release];
+  }
+}
+
+//
+// Macros for the common basic cases.
+//
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_IMPL_FOR_POD_KEY(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE)
+//%DICTIONARY_POD_IMPL_FOR_KEY(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, , POD)
+//%DICTIONARY_POD_KEY_TO_OBJECT_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, Object, id)
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_POD_IMPL_FOR_KEY(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KHELPER)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, UInt32, uint32_t, KHELPER)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, Int32, int32_t, KHELPER)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, UInt64, uint64_t, KHELPER)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, Int64, int64_t, KHELPER)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, Bool, BOOL, KHELPER)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, Float, float, KHELPER)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, Double, double, KHELPER)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_ENUM_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, Enum, int32_t, KHELPER)
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER)
+//%DICTIONARY_COMMON_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER, POD, VALUE_NAME, value)
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_POD_KEY_TO_OBJECT_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%DICTIONARY_COMMON_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, , VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, POD, OBJECT, Object, object)
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_COMMON_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER, VHELPER, VNAME, VNAME_VAR)
+//%#pragma mark - KEY_NAME -> VALUE_NAME
+//%
+//%@implementation GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary {
+//% @package
+//%  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)init {
+//%  return [self initWith##VNAME##s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)initWith##VNAME##s:(const VALUE_TYPE [])##VNAME_VAR##s
+//%                ##VNAME$S##  forKeys:(const KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP [])keys
+//%                ##VNAME$S##    count:(NSUInteger)count {
+//%  self = [super init];
+//%  if (self) {
+//%    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+//%    if (count && VNAME_VAR##s && keys) {
+//%      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+//%DICTIONARY_VALIDATE_VALUE_##VHELPER(VNAME_VAR##s[i], ______)##DICTIONARY_VALIDATE_KEY_##KHELPER(keys[i], ______)        [_dictionary setObject:WRAPPED##VHELPER(VNAME_VAR##s[i]) forKey:WRAPPED##KHELPER(keys[i])];
+//%      }
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%  return self;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *)dictionary {
+//%  self = [self initWith##VNAME##s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+//%  if (self) {
+//%    if (dictionary) {
+//%      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%  return self;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+//%  #pragma unused(numItems)
+//%  return [self initWith##VNAME##s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+//%}
+//%
+//%DICTIONARY_IMMUTABLE_CORE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER, VHELPER, VNAME, VNAME_VAR, )
+//%
+//%VALUE_FOR_KEY_##VHELPER(KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER)
+//%
+//%DICTIONARY_MUTABLE_CORE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER, VHELPER, VNAME, VNAME_VAR, )
+//%
+//%@end
+//%
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_ENUM_IMPL(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER)
+//%DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_ENUM_IMPL2(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER, POD)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_KEY_TO_ENUM_IMPL2(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER, VHELPER)
+//%#pragma mark - KEY_NAME -> VALUE_NAME
+//%
+//%@implementation GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary {
+//% @package
+//%  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+//%  GPBEnumValidationFunc _validationFunc;
+//%}
+//%
+//%@synthesize validationFunc = _validationFunc;
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)init {
+//%  return [self initWithValidationFunction:NULL rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func {
+//%  return [self initWithValidationFunction:func rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+//%                                 rawValues:(const VALUE_TYPE [])rawValues
+//%                                   forKeys:(const KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP [])keys
+//%                                     count:(NSUInteger)count {
+//%  self = [super init];
+//%  if (self) {
+//%    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+//%    _validationFunc = (func != NULL ? func : DictDefault_IsValidValue);
+//%    if (count && rawValues && keys) {
+//%      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+//%DICTIONARY_VALIDATE_KEY_##KHELPER(keys[i], ______)        [_dictionary setObject:WRAPPED##VHELPER(rawValues[i]) forKey:WRAPPED##KHELPER(keys[i])];
+//%      }
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%  return self;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *)dictionary {
+//%  self = [self initWithValidationFunction:dictionary.validationFunc
+//%                                rawValues:NULL
+//%                                  forKeys:NULL
+//%                                    count:0];
+//%  if (self) {
+//%    if (dictionary) {
+//%      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%  return self;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+//%                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+//%  #pragma unused(numItems)
+//%  return [self initWithValidationFunction:func rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+//%}
+//%
+//%DICTIONARY_IMMUTABLE_CORE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER, VHELPER, Value, value, Raw)
+//%
+//%- (BOOL)getEnum:(VALUE_TYPE *)value forKey:(KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP)key {
+//%  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:WRAPPED##KHELPER(key)];
+//%  if (wrapped && value) {
+//%    VALUE_TYPE result = UNWRAP##VALUE_NAME(wrapped);
+//%    if (!_validationFunc(result)) {
+//%      result = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+//%    }
+//%    *value = result;
+//%  }
+//%  return (wrapped != NULL);
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (BOOL)getRawValue:(VALUE_TYPE *)rawValue forKey:(KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP)key {
+//%  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:WRAPPED##KHELPER(key)];
+//%  if (wrapped && rawValue) {
+//%    *rawValue = UNWRAP##VALUE_NAME(wrapped);
+//%  }
+//%  return (wrapped != NULL);
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:
+//%    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(KEY_TYPE KisP##key, VALUE_TYPE value, BOOL *stop))block {
+//%  GPBEnumValidationFunc func = _validationFunc;
+//%  BOOL stop = NO;
+//%  NSEnumerator *keys = [_dictionary keyEnumerator];
+//%  ENUM_TYPE##KHELPER(KEY_TYPE)##aKey;
+//%  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+//%    ENUM_TYPE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE)##aValue = _dictionary[aKey];
+//%      VALUE_TYPE unwrapped = UNWRAP##VALUE_NAME(aValue);
+//%      if (!func(unwrapped)) {
+//%        unwrapped = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+//%      }
+//%    block(UNWRAP##KEY_NAME(aKey), unwrapped, &stop);
+//%    if (stop) {
+//%      break;
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%DICTIONARY_MUTABLE_CORE2(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER, VHELPER, Value, Enum, value, Raw)
+//%
+//%- (void)setEnum:(VALUE_TYPE)value forKey:(KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP)key {
+//%DICTIONARY_VALIDATE_KEY_##KHELPER(key, )  if (!_validationFunc(value)) {
+//%    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+//%                format:@"GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary: Attempt to set an unknown enum value (%d)",
+//%                       value];
+//%  }
+//%
+//%  [_dictionary setObject:WRAPPED##VHELPER(value) forKey:WRAPPED##KHELPER(key)];
+//%  if (_autocreator) {
+//%    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%@end
+//%
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_IMMUTABLE_CORE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER, VHELPER, VNAME, VNAME_VAR, ACCESSOR_NAME)
+//%- (void)dealloc {
+//%  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+//%           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+//%           [self class], _autocreator);
+//%  [_dictionary release];
+//%  [super dealloc];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+//%  return [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+//%  if (self == other) {
+//%    return YES;
+//%  }
+//%  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary class]]) {
+//%    return NO;
+//%  }
+//%  GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+//%  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (NSUInteger)hash {
+//%  return _dictionary.count;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (NSString *)description {
+//%  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (NSUInteger)count {
+//%  return _dictionary.count;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)enumerateKeysAnd##ACCESSOR_NAME##VNAME##sUsingBlock:
+//%    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(KEY_TYPE KisP##key, VALUE_TYPE VNAME_VAR, BOOL *stop))block {
+//%  BOOL stop = NO;
+//%  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+//%  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+//%  ENUM_TYPE##KHELPER(KEY_TYPE)##aKey;
+//%  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+//%    ENUM_TYPE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE)##a##VNAME_VAR$u = internal[aKey];
+//%    block(UNWRAP##KEY_NAME(aKey), UNWRAP##VALUE_NAME(a##VNAME_VAR$u), &stop);
+//%    if (stop) {
+//%      break;
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%EXTRA_METHODS_##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME)- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+//%  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+//%  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+//%  if (count == 0) {
+//%    return 0;
+//%  }
+//%
+//%  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+//%  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+//%  size_t result = 0;
+//%  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+//%  ENUM_TYPE##KHELPER(KEY_TYPE)##aKey;
+//%  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+//%    ENUM_TYPE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE)##a##VNAME_VAR$u = internal[aKey];
+//%    size_t msgSize = ComputeDict##KEY_NAME##FieldSize(UNWRAP##KEY_NAME(aKey), kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+//%    msgSize += ComputeDict##VALUE_NAME##FieldSize(UNWRAP##VALUE_NAME(a##VNAME_VAR$u), kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+//%    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+//%  }
+//%  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+//%  result += tagSize * count;
+//%  return result;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+//%                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+//%  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+//%  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+//%  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+//%  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+//%  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+//%  ENUM_TYPE##KHELPER(KEY_TYPE)##aKey;
+//%  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+//%    ENUM_TYPE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE)##a##VNAME_VAR$u = internal[aKey];
+//%    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+//%    // Write the size of the message.
+//%    KEY_TYPE KisP##unwrappedKey = UNWRAP##KEY_NAME(aKey);
+//%    VALUE_TYPE unwrappedValue = UNWRAP##VALUE_NAME(a##VNAME_VAR$u);
+//%    size_t msgSize = ComputeDict##KEY_NAME##FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+//%    msgSize += ComputeDict##VALUE_NAME##FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+//%    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+//%    // Write the fields.
+//%    WriteDict##KEY_NAME##Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+//%    WriteDict##VALUE_NAME##Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%SERIAL_DATA_FOR_ENTRY_##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME)- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+//%     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+//%  [_dictionary setObject:WRAPPED##VHELPER(value->##GPBVALUE_##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME)##) forKey:WRAPPED##KHELPER(key->value##KEY_NAME)];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+//%  [self enumerateKeysAnd##ACCESSOR_NAME##VNAME##sUsingBlock:^(KEY_TYPE KisP##key, VALUE_TYPE VNAME_VAR, BOOL *stop) {
+//%      #pragma unused(stop)
+//%      block(TEXT_FORMAT_OBJ##KEY_NAME(key), TEXT_FORMAT_OBJ##VALUE_NAME(VNAME_VAR));
+//%  }];
+//%}
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_MUTABLE_CORE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER, VHELPER, VNAME, VNAME_VAR, ACCESSOR_NAME)
+//%DICTIONARY_MUTABLE_CORE2(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER, VHELPER, VNAME, VNAME, VNAME_VAR, ACCESSOR_NAME)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_MUTABLE_CORE2(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER, VHELPER, VNAME, VNAME_REMOVE, VNAME_VAR, ACCESSOR_NAME)
+//%- (void)add##ACCESSOR_NAME##EntriesFromDictionary:(GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+//%  if (otherDictionary) {
+//%    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+//%    if (_autocreator) {
+//%      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)set##ACCESSOR_NAME##VNAME##:(VALUE_TYPE)VNAME_VAR forKey:(KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP)key {
+//%DICTIONARY_VALIDATE_VALUE_##VHELPER(VNAME_VAR, )##DICTIONARY_VALIDATE_KEY_##KHELPER(key, )  [_dictionary setObject:WRAPPED##VHELPER(VNAME_VAR) forKey:WRAPPED##KHELPER(key)];
+//%  if (_autocreator) {
+//%    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)remove##VNAME_REMOVE##ForKey:(KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP)aKey {
+//%  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:WRAPPED##KHELPER(aKey)];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)removeAll {
+//%  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+//%}
+
+//
+// Custom Generation for Bool keys
+//
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_BOOL_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%DICTIONARY_BOOL_KEY_TO_VALUE_IMPL(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, POD, VALUE_NAME, value)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_BOOL_KEY_TO_OBJECT_IMPL(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%DICTIONARY_BOOL_KEY_TO_VALUE_IMPL(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, OBJECT, Object, object)
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_BOOL_KEY_TO_VALUE_IMPL(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, HELPER, VNAME, VNAME_VAR)
+//%#pragma mark - Bool -> VALUE_NAME
+//%
+//%@implementation GPBBool##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary {
+//% @package
+//%  VALUE_TYPE _values[2];
+//%BOOL_DICT_HAS_STORAGE_##HELPER()}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)init {
+//%  return [self initWith##VNAME##s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+//%}
+//%
+//%BOOL_DICT_INITS_##HELPER(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+//%  #pragma unused(numItems)
+//%  return [self initWith##VNAME##s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+//%}
+//%
+//%BOOL_DICT_DEALLOC##HELPER()
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+//%  return [[GPBBool##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+//%  if (self == other) {
+//%    return YES;
+//%  }
+//%  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBBool##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary class]]) {
+//%    return NO;
+//%  }
+//%  GPBBool##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+//%  if ((BOOL_DICT_W_HAS##HELPER(0, ) != BOOL_DICT_W_HAS##HELPER(0, otherDictionary->)) ||
+//%      (BOOL_DICT_W_HAS##HELPER(1, ) != BOOL_DICT_W_HAS##HELPER(1, otherDictionary->))) {
+//%    return NO;
+//%  }
+//%  if ((BOOL_DICT_W_HAS##HELPER(0, ) && (NEQ_##HELPER(_values[0], otherDictionary->_values[0]))) ||
+//%      (BOOL_DICT_W_HAS##HELPER(1, ) && (NEQ_##HELPER(_values[1], otherDictionary->_values[1])))) {
+//%    return NO;
+//%  }
+//%  return YES;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (NSUInteger)hash {
+//%  return (BOOL_DICT_W_HAS##HELPER(0, ) ? 1 : 0) + (BOOL_DICT_W_HAS##HELPER(1, ) ? 1 : 0);
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (NSString *)description {
+//%  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> {", [self class], self];
+//%  if (BOOL_DICT_W_HAS##HELPER(0, )) {
+//%    [result appendFormat:@"NO: STR_FORMAT_##HELPER(VALUE_NAME)", _values[0]];
+//%  }
+//%  if (BOOL_DICT_W_HAS##HELPER(1, )) {
+//%    [result appendFormat:@"YES: STR_FORMAT_##HELPER(VALUE_NAME)", _values[1]];
+//%  }
+//%  [result appendString:@" }"];
+//%  return result;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (NSUInteger)count {
+//%  return (BOOL_DICT_W_HAS##HELPER(0, ) ? 1 : 0) + (BOOL_DICT_W_HAS##HELPER(1, ) ? 1 : 0);
+//%}
+//%
+//%BOOL_VALUE_FOR_KEY_##HELPER(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%
+//%BOOL_SET_GPBVALUE_FOR_KEY_##HELPER(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VisP)
+//%
+//%- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+//%  if (BOOL_DICT_HAS##HELPER(0, )) {
+//%    block(@"false", TEXT_FORMAT_OBJ##VALUE_NAME(_values[0]));
+//%  }
+//%  if (BOOL_DICT_W_HAS##HELPER(1, )) {
+//%    block(@"true", TEXT_FORMAT_OBJ##VALUE_NAME(_values[1]));
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)enumerateKeysAnd##VNAME##sUsingBlock:
+//%    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, VALUE_TYPE VNAME_VAR, BOOL *stop))block {
+//%  BOOL stop = NO;
+//%  if (BOOL_DICT_HAS##HELPER(0, )) {
+//%    block(NO, _values[0], &stop);
+//%  }
+//%  if (!stop && BOOL_DICT_W_HAS##HELPER(1, )) {
+//%    block(YES, _values[1], &stop);
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%BOOL_EXTRA_METHODS_##HELPER(Bool, VALUE_NAME)- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+//%  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+//%  NSUInteger count = 0;
+//%  size_t result = 0;
+//%  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+//%    if (BOOL_DICT_HAS##HELPER(i, )) {
+//%      ++count;
+//%      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+//%      msgSize += ComputeDict##VALUE_NAME##FieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+//%      result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+//%  result += tagSize * count;
+//%  return result;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+//%                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+//%  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+//%  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+//%  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+//%    if (BOOL_DICT_HAS##HELPER(i, )) {
+//%      // Write the tag.
+//%      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+//%      // Write the size of the message.
+//%      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+//%      msgSize += ComputeDict##VALUE_NAME##FieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+//%      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+//%      // Write the fields.
+//%      WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, (i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+//%      WriteDict##VALUE_NAME##Field(outputStream, _values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%BOOL_DICT_MUTATIONS_##HELPER(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%
+//%@end
+//%
+
+
+//
+// Helpers for PODs
+//
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE VALUE_FOR_KEY_POD(KEY_TYPE, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER)
+//%- (BOOL)get##VALUE_NAME##:(nullable VALUE_TYPE *)value forKey:(KEY_TYPE)key {
+//%  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:WRAPPED##KHELPER(key)];
+//%  if (wrapped && value) {
+//%    *value = UNWRAP##VALUE_NAME(wrapped);
+//%  }
+//%  return (wrapped != NULL);
+//%}
+//%PDDM-DEFINE WRAPPEDPOD(VALUE)
+//%@(VALUE)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE UNWRAPUInt32(VALUE)
+//%[VALUE unsignedIntValue]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE UNWRAPInt32(VALUE)
+//%[VALUE intValue]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE UNWRAPUInt64(VALUE)
+//%[VALUE unsignedLongLongValue]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE UNWRAPInt64(VALUE)
+//%[VALUE longLongValue]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE UNWRAPBool(VALUE)
+//%[VALUE boolValue]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE UNWRAPFloat(VALUE)
+//%[VALUE floatValue]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE UNWRAPDouble(VALUE)
+//%[VALUE doubleValue]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE UNWRAPEnum(VALUE)
+//%[VALUE intValue]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEXT_FORMAT_OBJUInt32(VALUE)
+//%[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", VALUE]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEXT_FORMAT_OBJInt32(VALUE)
+//%[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", VALUE]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEXT_FORMAT_OBJUInt64(VALUE)
+//%[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", VALUE]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEXT_FORMAT_OBJInt64(VALUE)
+//%[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", VALUE]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEXT_FORMAT_OBJBool(VALUE)
+//%(VALUE ? @"true" : @"false")
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEXT_FORMAT_OBJFloat(VALUE)
+//%[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*g", FLT_DIG, VALUE]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEXT_FORMAT_OBJDouble(VALUE)
+//%[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*lg", DBL_DIG, VALUE]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEXT_FORMAT_OBJEnum(VALUE)
+//%@(VALUE)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ENUM_TYPEPOD(TYPE)
+//%NSNumber *
+//%PDDM-DEFINE NEQ_POD(VAL1, VAL2)
+//%VAL1 != VAL2
+//%PDDM-DEFINE EXTRA_METHODS_POD(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_EXTRA_METHODS_POD(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SERIAL_DATA_FOR_ENTRY_POD(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME)
+//%SERIAL_DATA_FOR_ENTRY_POD_##VALUE_NAME(KEY_NAME)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SERIAL_DATA_FOR_ENTRY_POD_UInt32(KEY_NAME)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SERIAL_DATA_FOR_ENTRY_POD_Int32(KEY_NAME)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SERIAL_DATA_FOR_ENTRY_POD_UInt64(KEY_NAME)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SERIAL_DATA_FOR_ENTRY_POD_Int64(KEY_NAME)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SERIAL_DATA_FOR_ENTRY_POD_Bool(KEY_NAME)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SERIAL_DATA_FOR_ENTRY_POD_Float(KEY_NAME)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SERIAL_DATA_FOR_ENTRY_POD_Double(KEY_NAME)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SERIAL_DATA_FOR_ENTRY_POD_Enum(KEY_NAME)
+//%- (NSData *)serializedDataForUnknownValue:(int32_t)value
+//%                                   forKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key
+//%                              keyDataType:(GPBDataType)keyDataType {
+//%  size_t msgSize = ComputeDict##KEY_NAME##FieldSize(key->value##KEY_NAME, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+//%  msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize(value, kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+//%  NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:msgSize];
+//%  GPBCodedOutputStream *outputStream = [[GPBCodedOutputStream alloc] initWithData:data];
+//%  WriteDict##KEY_NAME##Field(outputStream, key->value##KEY_NAME, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+//%  WriteDictEnumField(outputStream, value, kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+//%  [outputStream release];
+//%  return data;
+//%}
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE GPBVALUE_POD(VALUE_NAME)
+//%value##VALUE_NAME
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_VALIDATE_VALUE_POD(VALUE_NAME, EXTRA_INDENT)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_VALIDATE_KEY_POD(KEY_NAME, EXTRA_INDENT)
+// Empty
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_DICT_HAS_STORAGE_POD()
+//%  BOOL _valueSet[2];
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_DICT_INITS_POD(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%- (instancetype)initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:(const VALUE_TYPE [])values
+//%                 ##VALUE_NAME$S## forKeys:(const BOOL [])keys
+//%                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##   count:(NSUInteger)count {
+//%  self = [super init];
+//%  if (self) {
+//%    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+//%      int idx = keys[i] ? 1 : 0;
+//%      _values[idx] = values[i];
+//%      _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%  return self;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBool##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *)dictionary {
+//%  self = [self initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+//%  if (self) {
+//%    if (dictionary) {
+//%      for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+//%        if (dictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+//%          _values[i] = dictionary->_values[i];
+//%          _valueSet[i] = YES;
+//%        }
+//%      }
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%  return self;
+//%}
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_DICT_DEALLOCPOD()
+//%#if !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+//%- (void)dealloc {
+//%  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+//%           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+//%           [self class], _autocreator);
+//%  [super dealloc];
+//%}
+//%#endif  // !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_DICT_W_HASPOD(IDX, REF)
+//%BOOL_DICT_HASPOD(IDX, REF)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_DICT_HASPOD(IDX, REF)
+//%REF##_valueSet[IDX]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_VALUE_FOR_KEY_POD(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%- (BOOL)get##VALUE_NAME##:(VALUE_TYPE *)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+//%  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+//%  if (_valueSet[idx]) {
+//%    if (value) {
+//%      *value = _values[idx];
+//%    }
+//%    return YES;
+//%  }
+//%  return NO;
+//%}
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_SET_GPBVALUE_FOR_KEY_POD(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VisP)
+//%- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+//%     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+//%  int idx = (key->valueBool ? 1 : 0);
+//%  _values[idx] = value->value##VALUE_NAME;
+//%  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+//%}
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_DICT_MUTATIONS_POD(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBool##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+//%  if (otherDictionary) {
+//%    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+//%      if (otherDictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+//%        _valueSet[i] = YES;
+//%        _values[i] = otherDictionary->_values[i];
+//%      }
+//%    }
+//%    if (_autocreator) {
+//%      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)set##VALUE_NAME:(VALUE_TYPE)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+//%  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+//%  _values[idx] = value;
+//%  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+//%  if (_autocreator) {
+//%    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)remove##VALUE_NAME##ForKey:(BOOL)aKey {
+//%  _valueSet[aKey ? 1 : 0] = NO;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)removeAll {
+//%  _valueSet[0] = NO;
+//%  _valueSet[1] = NO;
+//%}
+//%PDDM-DEFINE STR_FORMAT_POD(VALUE_NAME)
+//%STR_FORMAT_##VALUE_NAME()
+//%PDDM-DEFINE STR_FORMAT_UInt32()
+//%%u
+//%PDDM-DEFINE STR_FORMAT_Int32()
+//%%d
+//%PDDM-DEFINE STR_FORMAT_UInt64()
+//%%llu
+//%PDDM-DEFINE STR_FORMAT_Int64()
+//%%lld
+//%PDDM-DEFINE STR_FORMAT_Bool()
+//%%d
+//%PDDM-DEFINE STR_FORMAT_Float()
+//%%f
+//%PDDM-DEFINE STR_FORMAT_Double()
+//%%lf
+
+//
+// Helpers for Objects
+//
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE VALUE_FOR_KEY_OBJECT(KEY_TYPE, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, KHELPER)
+//%- (VALUE_TYPE)objectForKey:(KEY_TYPE)key {
+//%  VALUE_TYPE result = [_dictionary objectForKey:WRAPPED##KHELPER(key)];
+//%  return result;
+//%}
+//%PDDM-DEFINE WRAPPEDOBJECT(VALUE)
+//%VALUE
+//%PDDM-DEFINE UNWRAPString(VALUE)
+//%VALUE
+//%PDDM-DEFINE UNWRAPObject(VALUE)
+//%VALUE
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEXT_FORMAT_OBJString(VALUE)
+//%VALUE
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEXT_FORMAT_OBJObject(VALUE)
+//%VALUE
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ENUM_TYPEOBJECT(TYPE)
+//%ENUM_TYPEOBJECT_##TYPE()
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ENUM_TYPEOBJECT_NSString()
+//%NSString *
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ENUM_TYPEOBJECT_id()
+//%id ##
+//%PDDM-DEFINE NEQ_OBJECT(VAL1, VAL2)
+//%![VAL1 isEqual:VAL2]
+//%PDDM-DEFINE EXTRA_METHODS_OBJECT(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME)
+//%- (BOOL)isInitialized {
+//%  for (GPBMessage *msg in [_dictionary objectEnumerator]) {
+//%    if (!msg.initialized) {
+//%      return NO;
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%  return YES;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)deepCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+//%  GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *newDict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] init];
+//%  NSEnumerator *keys = [_dictionary keyEnumerator];
+//%  id aKey;
+//%  NSMutableDictionary *internalDict = newDict->_dictionary;
+//%  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+//%    GPBMessage *msg = _dictionary[aKey];
+//%    GPBMessage *copiedMsg = [msg copyWithZone:zone];
+//%    [internalDict setObject:copiedMsg forKey:aKey];
+//%    [copiedMsg release];
+//%  }
+//%  return newDict;
+//%}
+//%
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_EXTRA_METHODS_OBJECT(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME)
+//%- (BOOL)isInitialized {
+//%  if (_values[0] && ![_values[0] isInitialized]) {
+//%    return NO;
+//%  }
+//%  if (_values[1] && ![_values[1] isInitialized]) {
+//%    return NO;
+//%  }
+//%  return YES;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)deepCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+//%  GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *newDict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] init];
+//%  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+//%    if (_values[i] != nil) {
+//%      newDict->_values[i] = [_values[i] copyWithZone:zone];
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%  return newDict;
+//%}
+//%
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE SERIAL_DATA_FOR_ENTRY_OBJECT(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE GPBVALUE_OBJECT(VALUE_NAME)
+//%valueString
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_VALIDATE_VALUE_OBJECT(VALUE_NAME, EXTRA_INDENT)
+//%##EXTRA_INDENT$S##  if (!##VALUE_NAME) {
+//%##EXTRA_INDENT$S##    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+//%##EXTRA_INDENT$S##                format:@"Attempting to add nil object to a Dictionary"];
+//%##EXTRA_INDENT$S##  }
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_VALIDATE_KEY_OBJECT(KEY_NAME, EXTRA_INDENT)
+//%##EXTRA_INDENT$S##  if (!##KEY_NAME) {
+//%##EXTRA_INDENT$S##    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+//%##EXTRA_INDENT$S##                format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+//%##EXTRA_INDENT$S##  }
+//%
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_DICT_HAS_STORAGE_OBJECT()
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_DICT_INITS_OBJECT(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const VALUE_TYPE [])objects
+//%                        forKeys:(const BOOL [])keys
+//%                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+//%  self = [super init];
+//%  if (self) {
+//%    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+//%      if (!objects[i]) {
+//%        [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+//%                    format:@"Attempting to add nil object to a Dictionary"];
+//%      }
+//%      int idx = keys[i] ? 1 : 0;
+//%      [_values[idx] release];
+//%      _values[idx] = (VALUE_TYPE)[objects[i] retain];
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%  return self;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBool##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *)dictionary {
+//%  self = [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+//%  if (self) {
+//%    if (dictionary) {
+//%      _values[0] = [dictionary->_values[0] retain];
+//%      _values[1] = [dictionary->_values[1] retain];
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%  return self;
+//%}
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_DICT_DEALLOCOBJECT()
+//%- (void)dealloc {
+//%  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+//%           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+//%           [self class], _autocreator);
+//%  [_values[0] release];
+//%  [_values[1] release];
+//%  [super dealloc];
+//%}
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_DICT_W_HASOBJECT(IDX, REF)
+//%(BOOL_DICT_HASOBJECT(IDX, REF))
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_DICT_HASOBJECT(IDX, REF)
+//%REF##_values[IDX] != nil
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_VALUE_FOR_KEY_OBJECT(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%- (VALUE_TYPE)objectForKey:(BOOL)key {
+//%  return _values[key ? 1 : 0];
+//%}
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_SET_GPBVALUE_FOR_KEY_OBJECT(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VisP)
+//%- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+//%     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+//%  int idx = (key->valueBool ? 1 : 0);
+//%  [_values[idx] release];
+//%  _values[idx] = [value->valueString retain];
+//%}
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_DICT_MUTATIONS_OBJECT(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBool##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+//%  if (otherDictionary) {
+//%    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+//%      if (otherDictionary->_values[i] != nil) {
+//%        [_values[i] release];
+//%        _values[i] = [otherDictionary->_values[i] retain];
+//%      }
+//%    }
+//%    if (_autocreator) {
+//%      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+//%    }
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)setObject:(VALUE_TYPE)object forKey:(BOOL)key {
+//%  if (!object) {
+//%    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+//%                format:@"Attempting to add nil object to a Dictionary"];
+//%  }
+//%  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+//%  [_values[idx] release];
+//%  _values[idx] = [object retain];
+//%  if (_autocreator) {
+//%    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)removeObjectForKey:(BOOL)aKey {
+//%  int idx = (aKey ? 1 : 0);
+//%  [_values[idx] release];
+//%  _values[idx] = nil;
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)removeAll {
+//%  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+//%    [_values[i] release];
+//%    _values[i] = nil;
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%PDDM-DEFINE STR_FORMAT_OBJECT(VALUE_NAME)
+//%%@
+
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_IMPL_FOR_POD_KEY(UInt32, uint32_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> UInt32
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt32s:(const uint32_t [])values
+                        forKeys:(const uint32_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedIntValue], [aValue unsignedIntValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize([aKey unsignedIntValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize([aValue unsignedIntValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedIntValue];
+    uint32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue unsignedIntValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueUInt32) forKey:@(key->valueUInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getUInt32:(nullable uint32_t *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped unsignedIntValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setUInt32:(uint32_t)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeUInt32ForKey:(uint32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Int32
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithInt32s:(const int32_t [])values
+                       forKeys:(const uint32_t [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedIntValue], [aValue intValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize([aKey unsignedIntValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt32FieldSize([aValue intValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedIntValue];
+    int32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue intValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueInt32) forKey:@(key->valueUInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getInt32:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped intValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setInt32:(int32_t)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeInt32ForKey:(uint32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> UInt64
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt64s:(const uint64_t [])values
+                        forKeys:(const uint32_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedIntValue], [aValue unsignedLongLongValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize([aKey unsignedIntValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize([aValue unsignedLongLongValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedIntValue];
+    uint64_t unwrappedValue = [aValue unsignedLongLongValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueUInt64) forKey:@(key->valueUInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getUInt64:(nullable uint64_t *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped unsignedLongLongValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setUInt64:(uint64_t)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeUInt64ForKey:(uint32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Int64
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithInt64s:(const int64_t [])values
+                       forKeys:(const uint32_t [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedIntValue], [aValue longLongValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize([aKey unsignedIntValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt64FieldSize([aValue longLongValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedIntValue];
+    int64_t unwrappedValue = [aValue longLongValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueInt64) forKey:@(key->valueUInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getInt64:(nullable int64_t *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped longLongValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setInt64:(int64_t)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeInt64ForKey:(uint32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Bool
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32BoolDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithBools:(const BOOL [])values
+                      forKeys:(const uint32_t [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedIntValue], [aValue boolValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize([aKey unsignedIntValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictBoolFieldSize([aValue boolValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedIntValue];
+    BOOL unwrappedValue = [aValue boolValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictBoolFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueBool) forKey:@(key->valueUInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", key], (value ? @"true" : @"false"));
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getBool:(nullable BOOL *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped boolValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setBool:(BOOL)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeBoolForKey:(uint32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Float
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32FloatDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithFloats:(const float [])values
+                       forKeys:(const uint32_t [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, float value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedIntValue], [aValue floatValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize([aKey unsignedIntValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictFloatFieldSize([aValue floatValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedIntValue];
+    float unwrappedValue = [aValue floatValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictFloatFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictFloatField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueFloat) forKey:@(key->valueUInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t key, float value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*g", FLT_DIG, value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getFloat:(nullable float *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped floatValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setFloat:(float)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeFloatForKey:(uint32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Double
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDoubles:(const double [])values
+                        forKeys:(const uint32_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, double value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedIntValue], [aValue doubleValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize([aKey unsignedIntValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictDoubleFieldSize([aValue doubleValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedIntValue];
+    double unwrappedValue = [aValue doubleValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictDoubleFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictDoubleField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueDouble) forKey:@(key->valueUInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(uint32_t key, double value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*lg", DBL_DIG, value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getDouble:(nullable double *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped doubleValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setDouble:(double)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeDoubleForKey:(uint32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Enum
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32EnumDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc _validationFunc;
+}
+
+@synthesize validationFunc = _validationFunc;
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:NULL rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:func rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                 rawValues:(const int32_t [])rawValues
+                                   forKeys:(const uint32_t [])keys
+                                     count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    _validationFunc = (func != NULL ? func : DictDefault_IsValidValue);
+    if (count && rawValues && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(rawValues[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithValidationFunction:dictionary.validationFunc
+                                rawValues:NULL
+                                  forKeys:NULL
+                                    count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:func rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedIntValue], [aValue intValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize([aKey unsignedIntValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize([aValue intValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedIntValue];
+    int32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue intValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictEnumField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (NSData *)serializedDataForUnknownValue:(int32_t)value
+                                   forKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key
+                              keyDataType:(GPBDataType)keyDataType {
+  size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(key->valueUInt32, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+  msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize(value, kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+  NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:msgSize];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream *outputStream = [[GPBCodedOutputStream alloc] initWithData:data];
+  WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, key->valueUInt32, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+  WriteDictEnumField(outputStream, value, kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+  [outputStream release];
+  return data;
+}
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueEnum) forKey:@(key->valueUInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(uint32_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", key], @(value));
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getEnum:(int32_t *)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    int32_t result = [wrapped intValue];
+    if (!_validationFunc(result)) {
+      result = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+    }
+    *value = result;
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getRawValue:(int32_t *)rawValue forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && rawValue) {
+    *rawValue = [wrapped intValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc func = _validationFunc;
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [_dictionary keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = _dictionary[aKey];
+      int32_t unwrapped = [aValue intValue];
+      if (!func(unwrapped)) {
+        unwrapped = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+      }
+    block([aKey unsignedIntValue], unwrapped, &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addRawEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setRawValue:(int32_t)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeEnumForKey:(uint32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+- (void)setEnum:(int32_t)value forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  if (!_validationFunc(value)) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"GPBUInt32EnumDictionary: Attempt to set an unknown enum value (%d)",
+                       value];
+  }
+
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Object
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const id [])objects
+                        forKeys:(const uint32_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && objects && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (!objects[i]) {
+          [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                      format:@"Attempting to add nil object to a Dictionary"];
+        }
+        [_dictionary setObject:objects[i] forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint32_t key, id object, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    id aObject = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedIntValue], aObject, &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isInitialized {
+  for (GPBMessage *msg in [_dictionary objectEnumerator]) {
+    if (!msg.initialized) {
+      return NO;
+    }
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)deepCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary *newDict =
+      [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [_dictionary keyEnumerator];
+  id aKey;
+  NSMutableDictionary *internalDict = newDict->_dictionary;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    GPBMessage *msg = _dictionary[aKey];
+    GPBMessage *copiedMsg = [msg copyWithZone:zone];
+    [internalDict setObject:copiedMsg forKey:aKey];
+    [copiedMsg release];
+  }
+  return newDict;
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    id aObject = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize([aKey unsignedIntValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictObjectFieldSize(aObject, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    id aObject = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedIntValue];
+    id unwrappedValue = aObject;
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictObjectFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictObjectField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:value->valueString forKey:@(key->valueUInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t key, id object, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", key], object);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (id)objectForKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  id result = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setObject:(id)object forKey:(uint32_t)key {
+  if (!object) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Attempting to add nil object to a Dictionary"];
+  }
+  [_dictionary setObject:object forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeObjectForKey:(uint32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_IMPL_FOR_POD_KEY(Int32, int32_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> UInt32
+
+@implementation GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt32s:(const uint32_t [])values
+                        forKeys:(const int32_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey intValue], [aValue unsignedIntValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize([aKey intValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize([aValue unsignedIntValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey intValue];
+    uint32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue unsignedIntValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueUInt32) forKey:@(key->valueInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(int32_t key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getUInt32:(nullable uint32_t *)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped unsignedIntValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setUInt32:(uint32_t)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeUInt32ForKey:(int32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Int32
+
+@implementation GPBInt32Int32Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithInt32s:(const int32_t [])values
+                       forKeys:(const int32_t [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey intValue], [aValue intValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize([aKey intValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt32FieldSize([aValue intValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey intValue];
+    int32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue intValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueInt32) forKey:@(key->valueInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(int32_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getInt32:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped intValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setInt32:(int32_t)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeInt32ForKey:(int32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> UInt64
+
+@implementation GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt64s:(const uint64_t [])values
+                        forKeys:(const int32_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey intValue], [aValue unsignedLongLongValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize([aKey intValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize([aValue unsignedLongLongValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey intValue];
+    uint64_t unwrappedValue = [aValue unsignedLongLongValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueUInt64) forKey:@(key->valueInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(int32_t key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getUInt64:(nullable uint64_t *)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped unsignedLongLongValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setUInt64:(uint64_t)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeUInt64ForKey:(int32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Int64
+
+@implementation GPBInt32Int64Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithInt64s:(const int64_t [])values
+                       forKeys:(const int32_t [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey intValue], [aValue longLongValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize([aKey intValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt64FieldSize([aValue longLongValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey intValue];
+    int64_t unwrappedValue = [aValue longLongValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueInt64) forKey:@(key->valueInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(int32_t key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getInt64:(nullable int64_t *)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped longLongValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setInt64:(int64_t)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeInt64ForKey:(int32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Bool
+
+@implementation GPBInt32BoolDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithBools:(const BOOL [])values
+                      forKeys:(const int32_t [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32BoolDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32BoolDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey intValue], [aValue boolValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize([aKey intValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictBoolFieldSize([aValue boolValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey intValue];
+    BOOL unwrappedValue = [aValue boolValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictBoolFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueBool) forKey:@(key->valueInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(int32_t key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", key], (value ? @"true" : @"false"));
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getBool:(nullable BOOL *)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped boolValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32BoolDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setBool:(BOOL)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeBoolForKey:(int32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Float
+
+@implementation GPBInt32FloatDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithFloats:(const float [])values
+                       forKeys:(const int32_t [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32FloatDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32FloatDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, float value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey intValue], [aValue floatValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize([aKey intValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictFloatFieldSize([aValue floatValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey intValue];
+    float unwrappedValue = [aValue floatValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictFloatFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictFloatField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueFloat) forKey:@(key->valueInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(int32_t key, float value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*g", FLT_DIG, value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getFloat:(nullable float *)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped floatValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32FloatDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setFloat:(float)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeFloatForKey:(int32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Double
+
+@implementation GPBInt32DoubleDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDoubles:(const double [])values
+                        forKeys:(const int32_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, double value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey intValue], [aValue doubleValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize([aKey intValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictDoubleFieldSize([aValue doubleValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey intValue];
+    double unwrappedValue = [aValue doubleValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictDoubleFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictDoubleField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueDouble) forKey:@(key->valueInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(int32_t key, double value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*lg", DBL_DIG, value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getDouble:(nullable double *)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped doubleValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setDouble:(double)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeDoubleForKey:(int32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Enum
+
+@implementation GPBInt32EnumDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc _validationFunc;
+}
+
+@synthesize validationFunc = _validationFunc;
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:NULL rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:func rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                 rawValues:(const int32_t [])rawValues
+                                   forKeys:(const int32_t [])keys
+                                     count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    _validationFunc = (func != NULL ? func : DictDefault_IsValidValue);
+    if (count && rawValues && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(rawValues[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32EnumDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithValidationFunction:dictionary.validationFunc
+                                rawValues:NULL
+                                  forKeys:NULL
+                                    count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:func rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32EnumDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey intValue], [aValue intValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize([aKey intValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize([aValue intValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey intValue];
+    int32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue intValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictEnumField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (NSData *)serializedDataForUnknownValue:(int32_t)value
+                                   forKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key
+                              keyDataType:(GPBDataType)keyDataType {
+  size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(key->valueInt32, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+  msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize(value, kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+  NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:msgSize];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream *outputStream = [[GPBCodedOutputStream alloc] initWithData:data];
+  WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, key->valueInt32, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+  WriteDictEnumField(outputStream, value, kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+  [outputStream release];
+  return data;
+}
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueEnum) forKey:@(key->valueInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(int32_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", key], @(value));
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getEnum:(int32_t *)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    int32_t result = [wrapped intValue];
+    if (!_validationFunc(result)) {
+      result = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+    }
+    *value = result;
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getRawValue:(int32_t *)rawValue forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && rawValue) {
+    *rawValue = [wrapped intValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc func = _validationFunc;
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [_dictionary keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = _dictionary[aKey];
+      int32_t unwrapped = [aValue intValue];
+      if (!func(unwrapped)) {
+        unwrapped = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+      }
+    block([aKey intValue], unwrapped, &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addRawEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32EnumDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setRawValue:(int32_t)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeEnumForKey:(int32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+- (void)setEnum:(int32_t)value forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  if (!_validationFunc(value)) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"GPBInt32EnumDictionary: Attempt to set an unknown enum value (%d)",
+                       value];
+  }
+
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Object
+
+@implementation GPBInt32ObjectDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const id [])objects
+                        forKeys:(const int32_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && objects && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (!objects[i]) {
+          [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                      format:@"Attempting to add nil object to a Dictionary"];
+        }
+        [_dictionary setObject:objects[i] forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt32ObjectDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int32_t key, id object, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    id aObject = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey intValue], aObject, &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isInitialized {
+  for (GPBMessage *msg in [_dictionary objectEnumerator]) {
+    if (!msg.initialized) {
+      return NO;
+    }
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)deepCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary *newDict =
+      [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [_dictionary keyEnumerator];
+  id aKey;
+  NSMutableDictionary *internalDict = newDict->_dictionary;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    GPBMessage *msg = _dictionary[aKey];
+    GPBMessage *copiedMsg = [msg copyWithZone:zone];
+    [internalDict setObject:copiedMsg forKey:aKey];
+    [copiedMsg release];
+  }
+  return newDict;
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    id aObject = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize([aKey intValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictObjectFieldSize(aObject, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    id aObject = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int32_t unwrappedKey = [aKey intValue];
+    id unwrappedValue = aObject;
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictObjectFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictObjectField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:value->valueString forKey:@(key->valueInt32)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(int32_t key, id object, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", key], object);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (id)objectForKey:(int32_t)key {
+  id result = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt32ObjectDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setObject:(id)object forKey:(int32_t)key {
+  if (!object) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Attempting to add nil object to a Dictionary"];
+  }
+  [_dictionary setObject:object forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeObjectForKey:(int32_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_IMPL_FOR_POD_KEY(UInt64, uint64_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> UInt32
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt32s:(const uint32_t [])values
+                        forKeys:(const uint64_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], [aValue unsignedIntValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize([aValue unsignedIntValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedLongLongValue];
+    uint32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue unsignedIntValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueUInt32) forKey:@(key->valueUInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getUInt32:(nullable uint32_t *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped unsignedIntValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setUInt32:(uint32_t)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeUInt32ForKey:(uint64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Int32
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithInt32s:(const int32_t [])values
+                       forKeys:(const uint64_t [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], [aValue intValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt32FieldSize([aValue intValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedLongLongValue];
+    int32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue intValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueInt32) forKey:@(key->valueUInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getInt32:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped intValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setInt32:(int32_t)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeInt32ForKey:(uint64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> UInt64
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt64s:(const uint64_t [])values
+                        forKeys:(const uint64_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], [aValue unsignedLongLongValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize([aValue unsignedLongLongValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedLongLongValue];
+    uint64_t unwrappedValue = [aValue unsignedLongLongValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueUInt64) forKey:@(key->valueUInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getUInt64:(nullable uint64_t *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped unsignedLongLongValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setUInt64:(uint64_t)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeUInt64ForKey:(uint64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Int64
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithInt64s:(const int64_t [])values
+                       forKeys:(const uint64_t [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], [aValue longLongValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt64FieldSize([aValue longLongValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedLongLongValue];
+    int64_t unwrappedValue = [aValue longLongValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueInt64) forKey:@(key->valueUInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getInt64:(nullable int64_t *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped longLongValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setInt64:(int64_t)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeInt64ForKey:(uint64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Bool
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64BoolDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithBools:(const BOOL [])values
+                      forKeys:(const uint64_t [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], [aValue boolValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictBoolFieldSize([aValue boolValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedLongLongValue];
+    BOOL unwrappedValue = [aValue boolValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictBoolFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueBool) forKey:@(key->valueUInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", key], (value ? @"true" : @"false"));
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getBool:(nullable BOOL *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped boolValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setBool:(BOOL)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeBoolForKey:(uint64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Float
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64FloatDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithFloats:(const float [])values
+                       forKeys:(const uint64_t [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, float value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], [aValue floatValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictFloatFieldSize([aValue floatValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedLongLongValue];
+    float unwrappedValue = [aValue floatValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictFloatFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictFloatField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueFloat) forKey:@(key->valueUInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t key, float value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*g", FLT_DIG, value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getFloat:(nullable float *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped floatValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setFloat:(float)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeFloatForKey:(uint64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Double
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDoubles:(const double [])values
+                        forKeys:(const uint64_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, double value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], [aValue doubleValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictDoubleFieldSize([aValue doubleValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedLongLongValue];
+    double unwrappedValue = [aValue doubleValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictDoubleFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictDoubleField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueDouble) forKey:@(key->valueUInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(uint64_t key, double value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*lg", DBL_DIG, value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getDouble:(nullable double *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped doubleValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setDouble:(double)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeDoubleForKey:(uint64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Enum
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64EnumDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc _validationFunc;
+}
+
+@synthesize validationFunc = _validationFunc;
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:NULL rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:func rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                 rawValues:(const int32_t [])rawValues
+                                   forKeys:(const uint64_t [])keys
+                                     count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    _validationFunc = (func != NULL ? func : DictDefault_IsValidValue);
+    if (count && rawValues && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(rawValues[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithValidationFunction:dictionary.validationFunc
+                                rawValues:NULL
+                                  forKeys:NULL
+                                    count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:func rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], [aValue intValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize([aValue intValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedLongLongValue];
+    int32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue intValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictEnumField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (NSData *)serializedDataForUnknownValue:(int32_t)value
+                                   forKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key
+                              keyDataType:(GPBDataType)keyDataType {
+  size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(key->valueUInt64, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+  msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize(value, kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+  NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:msgSize];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream *outputStream = [[GPBCodedOutputStream alloc] initWithData:data];
+  WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, key->valueUInt64, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+  WriteDictEnumField(outputStream, value, kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+  [outputStream release];
+  return data;
+}
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueEnum) forKey:@(key->valueUInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(uint64_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", key], @(value));
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getEnum:(int32_t *)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    int32_t result = [wrapped intValue];
+    if (!_validationFunc(result)) {
+      result = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+    }
+    *value = result;
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getRawValue:(int32_t *)rawValue forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && rawValue) {
+    *rawValue = [wrapped intValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc func = _validationFunc;
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [_dictionary keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = _dictionary[aKey];
+      int32_t unwrapped = [aValue intValue];
+      if (!func(unwrapped)) {
+        unwrapped = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+      }
+    block([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], unwrapped, &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addRawEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setRawValue:(int32_t)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeEnumForKey:(uint64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+- (void)setEnum:(int32_t)value forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  if (!_validationFunc(value)) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"GPBUInt64EnumDictionary: Attempt to set an unknown enum value (%d)",
+                       value];
+  }
+
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Object
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const id [])objects
+                        forKeys:(const uint64_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && objects && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (!objects[i]) {
+          [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                      format:@"Attempting to add nil object to a Dictionary"];
+        }
+        [_dictionary setObject:objects[i] forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(uint64_t key, id object, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    id aObject = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], aObject, &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isInitialized {
+  for (GPBMessage *msg in [_dictionary objectEnumerator]) {
+    if (!msg.initialized) {
+      return NO;
+    }
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)deepCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary *newDict =
+      [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [_dictionary keyEnumerator];
+  id aKey;
+  NSMutableDictionary *internalDict = newDict->_dictionary;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    GPBMessage *msg = _dictionary[aKey];
+    GPBMessage *copiedMsg = [msg copyWithZone:zone];
+    [internalDict setObject:copiedMsg forKey:aKey];
+    [copiedMsg release];
+  }
+  return newDict;
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    id aObject = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize([aKey unsignedLongLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictObjectFieldSize(aObject, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    id aObject = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    uint64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey unsignedLongLongValue];
+    id unwrappedValue = aObject;
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictObjectFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictObjectField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:value->valueString forKey:@(key->valueUInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t key, id object, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", key], object);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (id)objectForKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  id result = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setObject:(id)object forKey:(uint64_t)key {
+  if (!object) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Attempting to add nil object to a Dictionary"];
+  }
+  [_dictionary setObject:object forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeObjectForKey:(uint64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_IMPL_FOR_POD_KEY(Int64, int64_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> UInt32
+
+@implementation GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt32s:(const uint32_t [])values
+                        forKeys:(const int64_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey longLongValue], [aValue unsignedIntValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize([aKey longLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize([aValue unsignedIntValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey longLongValue];
+    uint32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue unsignedIntValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueUInt32) forKey:@(key->valueInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(int64_t key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getUInt32:(nullable uint32_t *)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped unsignedIntValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setUInt32:(uint32_t)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeUInt32ForKey:(int64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Int32
+
+@implementation GPBInt64Int32Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithInt32s:(const int32_t [])values
+                       forKeys:(const int64_t [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey longLongValue], [aValue intValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize([aKey longLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt32FieldSize([aValue intValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey longLongValue];
+    int32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue intValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueInt32) forKey:@(key->valueInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(int64_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getInt32:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped intValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setInt32:(int32_t)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeInt32ForKey:(int64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> UInt64
+
+@implementation GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt64s:(const uint64_t [])values
+                        forKeys:(const int64_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey longLongValue], [aValue unsignedLongLongValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize([aKey longLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize([aValue unsignedLongLongValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey longLongValue];
+    uint64_t unwrappedValue = [aValue unsignedLongLongValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueUInt64) forKey:@(key->valueInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(int64_t key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getUInt64:(nullable uint64_t *)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped unsignedLongLongValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setUInt64:(uint64_t)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeUInt64ForKey:(int64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Int64
+
+@implementation GPBInt64Int64Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithInt64s:(const int64_t [])values
+                       forKeys:(const int64_t [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey longLongValue], [aValue longLongValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize([aKey longLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt64FieldSize([aValue longLongValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey longLongValue];
+    int64_t unwrappedValue = [aValue longLongValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueInt64) forKey:@(key->valueInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(int64_t key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getInt64:(nullable int64_t *)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped longLongValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setInt64:(int64_t)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeInt64ForKey:(int64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Bool
+
+@implementation GPBInt64BoolDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithBools:(const BOOL [])values
+                      forKeys:(const int64_t [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64BoolDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64BoolDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey longLongValue], [aValue boolValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize([aKey longLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictBoolFieldSize([aValue boolValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey longLongValue];
+    BOOL unwrappedValue = [aValue boolValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictBoolFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueBool) forKey:@(key->valueInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(int64_t key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", key], (value ? @"true" : @"false"));
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getBool:(nullable BOOL *)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped boolValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64BoolDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setBool:(BOOL)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeBoolForKey:(int64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Float
+
+@implementation GPBInt64FloatDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithFloats:(const float [])values
+                       forKeys:(const int64_t [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64FloatDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64FloatDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, float value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey longLongValue], [aValue floatValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize([aKey longLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictFloatFieldSize([aValue floatValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey longLongValue];
+    float unwrappedValue = [aValue floatValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictFloatFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictFloatField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueFloat) forKey:@(key->valueInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(int64_t key, float value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*g", FLT_DIG, value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getFloat:(nullable float *)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped floatValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64FloatDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setFloat:(float)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeFloatForKey:(int64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Double
+
+@implementation GPBInt64DoubleDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDoubles:(const double [])values
+                        forKeys:(const int64_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, double value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey longLongValue], [aValue doubleValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize([aKey longLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictDoubleFieldSize([aValue doubleValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey longLongValue];
+    double unwrappedValue = [aValue doubleValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictDoubleFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictDoubleField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueDouble) forKey:@(key->valueInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(int64_t key, double value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", key], [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*lg", DBL_DIG, value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getDouble:(nullable double *)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped doubleValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setDouble:(double)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeDoubleForKey:(int64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Enum
+
+@implementation GPBInt64EnumDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc _validationFunc;
+}
+
+@synthesize validationFunc = _validationFunc;
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:NULL rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:func rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                 rawValues:(const int32_t [])rawValues
+                                   forKeys:(const int64_t [])keys
+                                     count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    _validationFunc = (func != NULL ? func : DictDefault_IsValidValue);
+    if (count && rawValues && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(rawValues[i]) forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64EnumDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithValidationFunction:dictionary.validationFunc
+                                rawValues:NULL
+                                  forKeys:NULL
+                                    count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:func rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64EnumDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey longLongValue], [aValue intValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize([aKey longLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize([aValue intValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey longLongValue];
+    int32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue intValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictEnumField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (NSData *)serializedDataForUnknownValue:(int32_t)value
+                                   forKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key
+                              keyDataType:(GPBDataType)keyDataType {
+  size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(key->valueInt64, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+  msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize(value, kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+  NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:msgSize];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream *outputStream = [[GPBCodedOutputStream alloc] initWithData:data];
+  WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, key->valueInt64, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+  WriteDictEnumField(outputStream, value, kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+  [outputStream release];
+  return data;
+}
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueEnum) forKey:@(key->valueInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(int64_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", key], @(value));
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getEnum:(int32_t *)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    int32_t result = [wrapped intValue];
+    if (!_validationFunc(result)) {
+      result = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+    }
+    *value = result;
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getRawValue:(int32_t *)rawValue forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  if (wrapped && rawValue) {
+    *rawValue = [wrapped intValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc func = _validationFunc;
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [_dictionary keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = _dictionary[aKey];
+      int32_t unwrapped = [aValue intValue];
+      if (!func(unwrapped)) {
+        unwrapped = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+      }
+    block([aKey longLongValue], unwrapped, &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addRawEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64EnumDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setRawValue:(int32_t)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeEnumForKey:(int64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+- (void)setEnum:(int32_t)value forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  if (!_validationFunc(value)) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"GPBInt64EnumDictionary: Attempt to set an unknown enum value (%d)",
+                       value];
+  }
+
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Object
+
+@implementation GPBInt64ObjectDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const id [])objects
+                        forKeys:(const int64_t [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && objects && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (!objects[i]) {
+          [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                      format:@"Attempting to add nil object to a Dictionary"];
+        }
+        [_dictionary setObject:objects[i] forKey:@(keys[i])];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBInt64ObjectDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(int64_t key, id object, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    id aObject = internal[aKey];
+    block([aKey longLongValue], aObject, &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isInitialized {
+  for (GPBMessage *msg in [_dictionary objectEnumerator]) {
+    if (!msg.initialized) {
+      return NO;
+    }
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)deepCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary *newDict =
+      [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [_dictionary keyEnumerator];
+  id aKey;
+  NSMutableDictionary *internalDict = newDict->_dictionary;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    GPBMessage *msg = _dictionary[aKey];
+    GPBMessage *copiedMsg = [msg copyWithZone:zone];
+    [internalDict setObject:copiedMsg forKey:aKey];
+    [copiedMsg release];
+  }
+  return newDict;
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    id aObject = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize([aKey longLongValue], kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictObjectFieldSize(aObject, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSNumber *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    id aObject = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    int64_t unwrappedKey = [aKey longLongValue];
+    id unwrappedValue = aObject;
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictObjectFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictObjectField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:value->valueString forKey:@(key->valueInt64)];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(int64_t key, id object, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", key], object);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (id)objectForKey:(int64_t)key {
+  id result = [_dictionary objectForKey:@(key)];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBInt64ObjectDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setObject:(id)object forKey:(int64_t)key {
+  if (!object) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Attempting to add nil object to a Dictionary"];
+  }
+  [_dictionary setObject:object forKey:@(key)];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeObjectForKey:(int64_t)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:@(aKey)];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_POD_IMPL_FOR_KEY(String, NSString, *, OBJECT)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - String -> UInt32
+
+@implementation GPBStringUInt32Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt32s:(const uint32_t [])values
+                        forKeys:(const NSString * [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (!keys[i]) {
+          [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                      format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+        }
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:keys[i]];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block(aKey, [aValue unsignedIntValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(aKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize([aValue unsignedIntValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    NSString *unwrappedKey = aKey;
+    uint32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue unsignedIntValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictStringField(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueUInt32) forKey:key->valueString];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(NSString *key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block(key, [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getUInt32:(nullable uint32_t *)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:key];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped unsignedIntValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setUInt32:(uint32_t)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  if (!key) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+  }
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:key];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeUInt32ForKey:(NSString *)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:aKey];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Int32
+
+@implementation GPBStringInt32Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithInt32s:(const int32_t [])values
+                       forKeys:(const NSString * [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (!keys[i]) {
+          [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                      format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+        }
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:keys[i]];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringInt32Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBStringInt32Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block(aKey, [aValue intValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(aKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt32FieldSize([aValue intValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    NSString *unwrappedKey = aKey;
+    int32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue intValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictStringField(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueInt32) forKey:key->valueString];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(NSString *key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block(key, [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getInt32:(nullable int32_t *)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:key];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped intValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setInt32:(int32_t)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  if (!key) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+  }
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:key];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeInt32ForKey:(NSString *)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:aKey];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> UInt64
+
+@implementation GPBStringUInt64Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt64s:(const uint64_t [])values
+                        forKeys:(const NSString * [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (!keys[i]) {
+          [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                      format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+        }
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:keys[i]];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block(aKey, [aValue unsignedLongLongValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(aKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize([aValue unsignedLongLongValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    NSString *unwrappedKey = aKey;
+    uint64_t unwrappedValue = [aValue unsignedLongLongValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictStringField(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueUInt64) forKey:key->valueString];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(NSString *key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block(key, [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getUInt64:(nullable uint64_t *)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:key];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped unsignedLongLongValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setUInt64:(uint64_t)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  if (!key) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+  }
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:key];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeUInt64ForKey:(NSString *)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:aKey];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Int64
+
+@implementation GPBStringInt64Dictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithInt64s:(const int64_t [])values
+                       forKeys:(const NSString * [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (!keys[i]) {
+          [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                      format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+        }
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:keys[i]];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringInt64Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBStringInt64Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block(aKey, [aValue longLongValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(aKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt64FieldSize([aValue longLongValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    NSString *unwrappedKey = aKey;
+    int64_t unwrappedValue = [aValue longLongValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictStringField(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueInt64) forKey:key->valueString];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(NSString *key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block(key, [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getInt64:(nullable int64_t *)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:key];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped longLongValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setInt64:(int64_t)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  if (!key) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+  }
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:key];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeInt64ForKey:(NSString *)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:aKey];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Bool
+
+@implementation GPBStringBoolDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithBools:(const BOOL [])values
+                      forKeys:(const NSString * [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (!keys[i]) {
+          [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                      format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+        }
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:keys[i]];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringBoolDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBStringBoolDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBStringBoolDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block(aKey, [aValue boolValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(aKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictBoolFieldSize([aValue boolValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    NSString *unwrappedKey = aKey;
+    BOOL unwrappedValue = [aValue boolValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictBoolFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictStringField(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueBool) forKey:key->valueString];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(NSString *key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block(key, (value ? @"true" : @"false"));
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getBool:(nullable BOOL *)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:key];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped boolValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringBoolDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setBool:(BOOL)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  if (!key) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+  }
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:key];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeBoolForKey:(NSString *)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:aKey];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Float
+
+@implementation GPBStringFloatDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithFloats:(const float [])values
+                       forKeys:(const NSString * [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (!keys[i]) {
+          [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                      format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+        }
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:keys[i]];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringFloatDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBStringFloatDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBStringFloatDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, float value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block(aKey, [aValue floatValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(aKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictFloatFieldSize([aValue floatValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    NSString *unwrappedKey = aKey;
+    float unwrappedValue = [aValue floatValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictFloatFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictStringField(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictFloatField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueFloat) forKey:key->valueString];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(NSString *key, float value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block(key, [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*g", FLT_DIG, value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getFloat:(nullable float *)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:key];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped floatValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringFloatDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setFloat:(float)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  if (!key) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+  }
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:key];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeFloatForKey:(NSString *)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:aKey];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Double
+
+@implementation GPBStringDoubleDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDoubles:(const double [])values
+                        forKeys:(const NSString * [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    if (count && values && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (!keys[i]) {
+          [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                      format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+        }
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(values[i]) forKey:keys[i]];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringDoubleDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBStringDoubleDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, double value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block(aKey, [aValue doubleValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(aKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictDoubleFieldSize([aValue doubleValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    NSString *unwrappedKey = aKey;
+    double unwrappedValue = [aValue doubleValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictDoubleFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictStringField(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictDoubleField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueDouble) forKey:key->valueString];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(NSString *key, double value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block(key, [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*lg", DBL_DIG, value]);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getDouble:(nullable double *)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:key];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    *value = [wrapped doubleValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringDoubleDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setDouble:(double)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  if (!key) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+  }
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:key];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeDoubleForKey:(NSString *)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:aKey];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Enum
+
+@implementation GPBStringEnumDictionary {
+ @package
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc _validationFunc;
+}
+
+@synthesize validationFunc = _validationFunc;
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:NULL rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:func rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                 rawValues:(const int32_t [])rawValues
+                                   forKeys:(const NSString * [])keys
+                                     count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    _validationFunc = (func != NULL ? func : DictDefault_IsValidValue);
+    if (count && rawValues && keys) {
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (!keys[i]) {
+          [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                      format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+        }
+        [_dictionary setObject:@(rawValues[i]) forKey:keys[i]];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBStringEnumDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithValidationFunction:dictionary.validationFunc
+                                rawValues:NULL
+                                  forKeys:NULL
+                                    count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:dictionary->_dictionary];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:func rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBStringEnumDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBStringEnumDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  return [_dictionary isEqual:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> { %@ }", [self class], self, _dictionary];
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return _dictionary.count;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    block(aKey, [aValue intValue], &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSUInteger count = internal.count;
+  if (count == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(aKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize([aValue intValue], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  NSDictionary *internal = _dictionary;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [internal keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = internal[aKey];
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+    // Write the size of the message.
+    NSString *unwrappedKey = aKey;
+    int32_t unwrappedValue = [aValue intValue];
+    size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize(unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+    // Write the fields.
+    WriteDictStringField(outputStream, unwrappedKey, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+    WriteDictEnumField(outputStream, unwrappedValue, kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+  }
+}
+
+- (NSData *)serializedDataForUnknownValue:(int32_t)value
+                                   forKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key
+                              keyDataType:(GPBDataType)keyDataType {
+  size_t msgSize = ComputeDictStringFieldSize(key->valueString, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+  msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize(value, kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+  NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:msgSize];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream *outputStream = [[GPBCodedOutputStream alloc] initWithData:data];
+  WriteDictStringField(outputStream, key->valueString, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+  WriteDictEnumField(outputStream, value, kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+  [outputStream release];
+  return data;
+}
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value->valueEnum) forKey:key->valueString];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  [self enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(NSString *key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      block(key, @(value));
+  }];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getEnum:(int32_t *)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:key];
+  if (wrapped && value) {
+    int32_t result = [wrapped intValue];
+    if (!_validationFunc(result)) {
+      result = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+    }
+    *value = result;
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getRawValue:(int32_t *)rawValue forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  NSNumber *wrapped = [_dictionary objectForKey:key];
+  if (wrapped && rawValue) {
+    *rawValue = [wrapped intValue];
+  }
+  return (wrapped != NULL);
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSString *key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc func = _validationFunc;
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  NSEnumerator *keys = [_dictionary keyEnumerator];
+  NSString *aKey;
+  while ((aKey = [keys nextObject])) {
+    NSNumber *aValue = _dictionary[aKey];
+      int32_t unwrapped = [aValue intValue];
+      if (!func(unwrapped)) {
+        unwrapped = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+      }
+    block(aKey, unwrapped, &stop);
+    if (stop) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addRawEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBStringEnumDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    [_dictionary addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDictionary->_dictionary];
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setRawValue:(int32_t)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  if (!key) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+  }
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:key];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeEnumForKey:(NSString *)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:aKey];
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  [_dictionary removeAllObjects];
+}
+
+- (void)setEnum:(int32_t)value forKey:(NSString *)key {
+  if (!key) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Attempting to add nil key to a Dictionary"];
+  }
+  if (!_validationFunc(value)) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"GPBStringEnumDictionary: Attempt to set an unknown enum value (%d)",
+                       value];
+  }
+
+  [_dictionary setObject:@(value) forKey:key];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (5 expansions)
+
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_BOOL_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(UInt32, uint32_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> UInt32
+
+@implementation GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary {
+ @package
+  uint32_t _values[2];
+  BOOL _valueSet[2];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt32s:(const uint32_t [])values
+                        forKeys:(const BOOL [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      int idx = keys[i] ? 1 : 0;
+      _values[idx] = values[i];
+      _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        if (dictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+          _values[i] = dictionary->_values[i];
+          _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithUInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+#if !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+#endif  // !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  if ((_valueSet[0] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[0]) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[1])) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  if ((_valueSet[0] && (_values[0] != otherDictionary->_values[0])) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] && (_values[1] != otherDictionary->_values[1]))) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> {", [self class], self];
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"NO: %u", _values[0]];
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"YES: %u", _values[1]];
+  }
+  [result appendString:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getUInt32:(uint32_t *)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  if (_valueSet[idx]) {
+    if (value) {
+      *value = _values[idx];
+    }
+    return YES;
+  }
+  return NO;
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  int idx = (key->valueBool ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value->valueUInt32;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(@"false", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", _values[0]]);
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    block(@"true", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", _values[1]]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, uint32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(NO, _values[0], &stop);
+  }
+  if (!stop && _valueSet[1]) {
+    block(YES, _values[1], &stop);
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  NSUInteger count = 0;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      ++count;
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+    }
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      // Write the tag.
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+      // Write the size of the message.
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictUInt32FieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+      // Write the fields.
+      WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, (i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      WriteDictUInt32Field(outputStream, _values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      if (otherDictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+        _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        _values[i] = otherDictionary->_values[i];
+      }
+    }
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setUInt32:(uint32_t)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeUInt32ForKey:(BOOL)aKey {
+  _valueSet[aKey ? 1 : 0] = NO;
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _valueSet[0] = NO;
+  _valueSet[1] = NO;
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_BOOL_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(Int32, int32_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Int32
+
+@implementation GPBBoolInt32Dictionary {
+ @package
+  int32_t _values[2];
+  BOOL _valueSet[2];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithInt32s:(const int32_t [])values
+                       forKeys:(const BOOL [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      int idx = keys[i] ? 1 : 0;
+      _values[idx] = values[i];
+      _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        if (dictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+          _values[i] = dictionary->_values[i];
+          _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithInt32s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+#if !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+#endif  // !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  if ((_valueSet[0] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[0]) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[1])) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  if ((_valueSet[0] && (_values[0] != otherDictionary->_values[0])) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] && (_values[1] != otherDictionary->_values[1]))) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> {", [self class], self];
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"NO: %d", _values[0]];
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"YES: %d", _values[1]];
+  }
+  [result appendString:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getInt32:(int32_t *)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  if (_valueSet[idx]) {
+    if (value) {
+      *value = _values[idx];
+    }
+    return YES;
+  }
+  return NO;
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  int idx = (key->valueBool ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value->valueInt32;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(@"false", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", _values[0]]);
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    block(@"true", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", _values[1]]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(NO, _values[0], &stop);
+  }
+  if (!stop && _valueSet[1]) {
+    block(YES, _values[1], &stop);
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  NSUInteger count = 0;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      ++count;
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+    }
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      // Write the tag.
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+      // Write the size of the message.
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+      // Write the fields.
+      WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, (i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, _values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      if (otherDictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+        _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        _values[i] = otherDictionary->_values[i];
+      }
+    }
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setInt32:(int32_t)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeInt32ForKey:(BOOL)aKey {
+  _valueSet[aKey ? 1 : 0] = NO;
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _valueSet[0] = NO;
+  _valueSet[1] = NO;
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_BOOL_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(UInt64, uint64_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> UInt64
+
+@implementation GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary {
+ @package
+  uint64_t _values[2];
+  BOOL _valueSet[2];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithUInt64s:(const uint64_t [])values
+                        forKeys:(const BOOL [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      int idx = keys[i] ? 1 : 0;
+      _values[idx] = values[i];
+      _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        if (dictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+          _values[i] = dictionary->_values[i];
+          _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithUInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+#if !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+#endif  // !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  if ((_valueSet[0] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[0]) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[1])) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  if ((_valueSet[0] && (_values[0] != otherDictionary->_values[0])) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] && (_values[1] != otherDictionary->_values[1]))) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> {", [self class], self];
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"NO: %llu", _values[0]];
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"YES: %llu", _values[1]];
+  }
+  [result appendString:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getUInt64:(uint64_t *)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  if (_valueSet[idx]) {
+    if (value) {
+      *value = _values[idx];
+    }
+    return YES;
+  }
+  return NO;
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  int idx = (key->valueBool ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value->valueUInt64;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(@"false", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", _values[0]]);
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    block(@"true", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu", _values[1]]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, uint64_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(NO, _values[0], &stop);
+  }
+  if (!stop && _valueSet[1]) {
+    block(YES, _values[1], &stop);
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  NSUInteger count = 0;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      ++count;
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+    }
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      // Write the tag.
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+      // Write the size of the message.
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictUInt64FieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+      // Write the fields.
+      WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, (i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      WriteDictUInt64Field(outputStream, _values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      if (otherDictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+        _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        _values[i] = otherDictionary->_values[i];
+      }
+    }
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setUInt64:(uint64_t)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeUInt64ForKey:(BOOL)aKey {
+  _valueSet[aKey ? 1 : 0] = NO;
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _valueSet[0] = NO;
+  _valueSet[1] = NO;
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_BOOL_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(Int64, int64_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Int64
+
+@implementation GPBBoolInt64Dictionary {
+ @package
+  int64_t _values[2];
+  BOOL _valueSet[2];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithInt64s:(const int64_t [])values
+                       forKeys:(const BOOL [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      int idx = keys[i] ? 1 : 0;
+      _values[idx] = values[i];
+      _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        if (dictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+          _values[i] = dictionary->_values[i];
+          _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithInt64s:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+#if !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+#endif  // !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  if ((_valueSet[0] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[0]) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[1])) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  if ((_valueSet[0] && (_values[0] != otherDictionary->_values[0])) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] && (_values[1] != otherDictionary->_values[1]))) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> {", [self class], self];
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"NO: %lld", _values[0]];
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"YES: %lld", _values[1]];
+  }
+  [result appendString:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getInt64:(int64_t *)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  if (_valueSet[idx]) {
+    if (value) {
+      *value = _values[idx];
+    }
+    return YES;
+  }
+  return NO;
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  int idx = (key->valueBool ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value->valueInt64;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(@"false", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", _values[0]]);
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    block(@"true", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", _values[1]]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, int64_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(NO, _values[0], &stop);
+  }
+  if (!stop && _valueSet[1]) {
+    block(YES, _values[1], &stop);
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  NSUInteger count = 0;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      ++count;
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+    }
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      // Write the tag.
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+      // Write the size of the message.
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictInt64FieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+      // Write the fields.
+      WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, (i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      WriteDictInt64Field(outputStream, _values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      if (otherDictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+        _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        _values[i] = otherDictionary->_values[i];
+      }
+    }
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setInt64:(int64_t)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeInt64ForKey:(BOOL)aKey {
+  _valueSet[aKey ? 1 : 0] = NO;
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _valueSet[0] = NO;
+  _valueSet[1] = NO;
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_BOOL_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(Bool, BOOL)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Bool
+
+@implementation GPBBoolBoolDictionary {
+ @package
+  BOOL _values[2];
+  BOOL _valueSet[2];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithBools:(const BOOL [])values
+                      forKeys:(const BOOL [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      int idx = keys[i] ? 1 : 0;
+      _values[idx] = values[i];
+      _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolBoolDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        if (dictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+          _values[i] = dictionary->_values[i];
+          _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithBools:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+#if !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+#endif  // !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolBoolDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  if ((_valueSet[0] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[0]) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[1])) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  if ((_valueSet[0] && (_values[0] != otherDictionary->_values[0])) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] && (_values[1] != otherDictionary->_values[1]))) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> {", [self class], self];
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"NO: %d", _values[0]];
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"YES: %d", _values[1]];
+  }
+  [result appendString:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getBool:(BOOL *)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  if (_valueSet[idx]) {
+    if (value) {
+      *value = _values[idx];
+    }
+    return YES;
+  }
+  return NO;
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  int idx = (key->valueBool ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value->valueBool;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(@"false", (_values[0] ? @"true" : @"false"));
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    block(@"true", (_values[1] ? @"true" : @"false"));
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, BOOL value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(NO, _values[0], &stop);
+  }
+  if (!stop && _valueSet[1]) {
+    block(YES, _values[1], &stop);
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  NSUInteger count = 0;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      ++count;
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictBoolFieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+    }
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      // Write the tag.
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+      // Write the size of the message.
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictBoolFieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+      // Write the fields.
+      WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, (i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, _values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolBoolDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      if (otherDictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+        _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        _values[i] = otherDictionary->_values[i];
+      }
+    }
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setBool:(BOOL)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeBoolForKey:(BOOL)aKey {
+  _valueSet[aKey ? 1 : 0] = NO;
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _valueSet[0] = NO;
+  _valueSet[1] = NO;
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_BOOL_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(Float, float)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Float
+
+@implementation GPBBoolFloatDictionary {
+ @package
+  float _values[2];
+  BOOL _valueSet[2];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithFloats:(const float [])values
+                       forKeys:(const BOOL [])keys
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      int idx = keys[i] ? 1 : 0;
+      _values[idx] = values[i];
+      _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolFloatDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        if (dictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+          _values[i] = dictionary->_values[i];
+          _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithFloats:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+#if !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+#endif  // !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolFloatDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  if ((_valueSet[0] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[0]) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[1])) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  if ((_valueSet[0] && (_values[0] != otherDictionary->_values[0])) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] && (_values[1] != otherDictionary->_values[1]))) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> {", [self class], self];
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"NO: %f", _values[0]];
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"YES: %f", _values[1]];
+  }
+  [result appendString:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getFloat:(float *)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  if (_valueSet[idx]) {
+    if (value) {
+      *value = _values[idx];
+    }
+    return YES;
+  }
+  return NO;
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  int idx = (key->valueBool ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value->valueFloat;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(@"false", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*g", FLT_DIG, _values[0]]);
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    block(@"true", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*g", FLT_DIG, _values[1]]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, float value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(NO, _values[0], &stop);
+  }
+  if (!stop && _valueSet[1]) {
+    block(YES, _values[1], &stop);
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  NSUInteger count = 0;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      ++count;
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictFloatFieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+    }
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      // Write the tag.
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+      // Write the size of the message.
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictFloatFieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+      // Write the fields.
+      WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, (i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      WriteDictFloatField(outputStream, _values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolFloatDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      if (otherDictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+        _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        _values[i] = otherDictionary->_values[i];
+      }
+    }
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setFloat:(float)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeFloatForKey:(BOOL)aKey {
+  _valueSet[aKey ? 1 : 0] = NO;
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _valueSet[0] = NO;
+  _valueSet[1] = NO;
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_BOOL_KEY_TO_POD_IMPL(Double, double)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Double
+
+@implementation GPBBoolDoubleDictionary {
+ @package
+  double _values[2];
+  BOOL _valueSet[2];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDoubles:(const double [])values
+                        forKeys:(const BOOL [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      int idx = keys[i] ? 1 : 0;
+      _values[idx] = values[i];
+      _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        if (dictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+          _values[i] = dictionary->_values[i];
+          _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithDoubles:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+#if !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+#endif  // !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  if ((_valueSet[0] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[0]) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[1])) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  if ((_valueSet[0] && (_values[0] != otherDictionary->_values[0])) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] && (_values[1] != otherDictionary->_values[1]))) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> {", [self class], self];
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"NO: %lf", _values[0]];
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"YES: %lf", _values[1]];
+  }
+  [result appendString:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getDouble:(double *)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  if (_valueSet[idx]) {
+    if (value) {
+      *value = _values[idx];
+    }
+    return YES;
+  }
+  return NO;
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  int idx = (key->valueBool ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value->valueDouble;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(@"false", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*lg", DBL_DIG, _values[0]]);
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    block(@"true", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.*lg", DBL_DIG, _values[1]]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, double value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(NO, _values[0], &stop);
+  }
+  if (!stop && _valueSet[1]) {
+    block(YES, _values[1], &stop);
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  NSUInteger count = 0;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      ++count;
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictDoubleFieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+    }
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      // Write the tag.
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+      // Write the size of the message.
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictDoubleFieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+      // Write the fields.
+      WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, (i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      WriteDictDoubleField(outputStream, _values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      if (otherDictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+        _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        _values[i] = otherDictionary->_values[i];
+      }
+    }
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setDouble:(double)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeDoubleForKey:(BOOL)aKey {
+  _valueSet[aKey ? 1 : 0] = NO;
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _valueSet[0] = NO;
+  _valueSet[1] = NO;
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_BOOL_KEY_TO_OBJECT_IMPL(Object, id)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Object
+
+@implementation GPBBoolObjectDictionary {
+ @package
+  id _values[2];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const id [])objects
+                        forKeys:(const BOOL [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      if (!objects[i]) {
+        [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                    format:@"Attempting to add nil object to a Dictionary"];
+      }
+      int idx = keys[i] ? 1 : 0;
+      [_values[idx] release];
+      _values[idx] = (id)[objects[i] retain];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolObjectDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      _values[0] = [dictionary->_values[0] retain];
+      _values[1] = [dictionary->_values[1] retain];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+  #pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithObjects:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_values[0] release];
+  [_values[1] release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolObjectDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  if (((_values[0] != nil) != (otherDictionary->_values[0] != nil)) ||
+      ((_values[1] != nil) != (otherDictionary->_values[1] != nil))) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  if (((_values[0] != nil) && (![_values[0] isEqual:otherDictionary->_values[0]])) ||
+      ((_values[1] != nil) && (![_values[1] isEqual:otherDictionary->_values[1]]))) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return ((_values[0] != nil) ? 1 : 0) + ((_values[1] != nil) ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> {", [self class], self];
+  if ((_values[0] != nil)) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"NO: %@", _values[0]];
+  }
+  if ((_values[1] != nil)) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"YES: %@", _values[1]];
+  }
+  [result appendString:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return ((_values[0] != nil) ? 1 : 0) + ((_values[1] != nil) ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (id)objectForKey:(BOOL)key {
+  return _values[key ? 1 : 0];
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  int idx = (key->valueBool ? 1 : 0);
+  [_values[idx] release];
+  _values[idx] = [value->valueString retain];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  if (_values[0] != nil) {
+    block(@"false", _values[0]);
+  }
+  if ((_values[1] != nil)) {
+    block(@"true", _values[1]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, id object, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if (_values[0] != nil) {
+    block(NO, _values[0], &stop);
+  }
+  if (!stop && (_values[1] != nil)) {
+    block(YES, _values[1], &stop);
+  }
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isInitialized {
+  if (_values[0] && ![_values[0] isInitialized]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  if (_values[1] && ![_values[1] isInitialized]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)deepCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary *newDict =
+      [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_values[i] != nil) {
+      newDict->_values[i] = [_values[i] copyWithZone:zone];
+    }
+  }
+  return newDict;
+}
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  NSUInteger count = 0;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_values[i] != nil) {
+      ++count;
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictObjectFieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+    }
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_values[i] != nil) {
+      // Write the tag.
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+      // Write the size of the message.
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictObjectFieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+      // Write the fields.
+      WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, (i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      WriteDictObjectField(outputStream, _values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolObjectDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      if (otherDictionary->_values[i] != nil) {
+        [_values[i] release];
+        _values[i] = [otherDictionary->_values[i] retain];
+      }
+    }
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setObject:(id)object forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  if (!object) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Attempting to add nil object to a Dictionary"];
+  }
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  [_values[idx] release];
+  _values[idx] = [object retain];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeObjectForKey:(BOOL)aKey {
+  int idx = (aKey ? 1 : 0);
+  [_values[idx] release];
+  _values[idx] = nil;
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    [_values[i] release];
+    _values[i] = nil;
+  }
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (8 expansions)
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Enum
+
+@implementation GPBBoolEnumDictionary {
+ @package
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc _validationFunc;
+  int32_t _values[2];
+  BOOL _valueSet[2];
+}
+
+@synthesize validationFunc = _validationFunc;
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:NULL rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:func rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                rawValues:(const int32_t [])rawValues
+                                   forKeys:(const BOOL [])keys
+                                     count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _validationFunc = (func != NULL ? func : DictDefault_IsValidValue);
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      int idx = keys[i] ? 1 : 0;
+      _values[idx] = rawValues[i];
+      _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(GPBBoolEnumDictionary *)dictionary {
+  self = [self initWithValidationFunction:dictionary.validationFunc
+                                rawValues:NULL
+                                  forKeys:NULL
+                                    count:0];
+  if (self) {
+    if (dictionary) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        if (dictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+          _values[i] = dictionary->_values[i];
+          _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithValidationFunction:(GPBEnumValidationFunc)func
+                                  capacity:(NSUInteger)numItems {
+#pragma unused(numItems)
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:func rawValues:NULL forKeys:NULL count:0];
+}
+
+#if !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+#endif  // !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  return [[GPBBoolEnumDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (self == other) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolEnumDictionary class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBBoolEnumDictionary *otherDictionary = other;
+  if ((_valueSet[0] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[0]) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] != otherDictionary->_valueSet[1])) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  if ((_valueSet[0] && (_values[0] != otherDictionary->_values[0])) ||
+      (_valueSet[1] && (_values[1] != otherDictionary->_values[1]))) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p> {", [self class], self];
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"NO: %d", _values[0]];
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    [result appendFormat:@"YES: %d", _values[1]];
+  }
+  [result appendString:@" }"];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return (_valueSet[0] ? 1 : 0) + (_valueSet[1] ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getEnum:(int32_t*)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  if (_valueSet[idx]) {
+    if (value) {
+      int32_t result = _values[idx];
+      if (!_validationFunc(result)) {
+        result = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+      }
+      *value = result;
+    }
+    return YES;
+  }
+  return NO;
+}
+
+- (BOOL)getRawValue:(int32_t*)rawValue forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  if (_valueSet[idx]) {
+    if (rawValue) {
+      *rawValue = _values[idx];
+    }
+    return YES;
+  }
+  return NO;
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, int32_t value, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(NO, _values[0], &stop);
+  }
+  if (!stop && _valueSet[1]) {
+    block(YES, _values[1], &stop);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:
+    (void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(BOOL key, int32_t rawValue, BOOL *stop))block {
+  BOOL stop = NO;
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc func = _validationFunc;
+  int32_t validatedValue;
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    validatedValue = _values[0];
+    if (!func(validatedValue)) {
+      validatedValue = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+    }
+    block(NO, validatedValue, &stop);
+  }
+  if (!stop && _valueSet[1]) {
+    validatedValue = _values[1];
+    if (!func(validatedValue)) {
+      validatedValue = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+    }
+    block(YES, validatedValue, &stop);
+  }
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND SERIAL_DATA_FOR_ENTRY_POD_Enum(Bool)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (NSData *)serializedDataForUnknownValue:(int32_t)value
+                                   forKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key
+                              keyDataType:(GPBDataType)keyDataType {
+  size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize(key->valueBool, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+  msgSize += ComputeDictEnumFieldSize(value, kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+  NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:msgSize];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream *outputStream = [[GPBCodedOutputStream alloc] initWithData:data];
+  WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, key->valueBool, kMapKeyFieldNumber, keyDataType);
+  WriteDictEnumField(outputStream, value, kMapValueFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+  [outputStream release];
+  return data;
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END SERIAL_DATA_FOR_ENTRY_POD_Enum(Bool)
+
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  NSUInteger count = 0;
+  size_t result = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      ++count;
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      result += GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(msgSize) + msgSize;
+    }
+  }
+  size_t tagSize = GPBComputeWireFormatTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBDataTypeMessage);
+  result += tagSize * count;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field {
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  uint32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBFieldNumber(field), GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    if (_valueSet[i]) {
+      // Write the tag.
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:tag];
+      // Write the size of the message.
+      size_t msgSize = ComputeDictBoolFieldSize((i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      msgSize += ComputeDictInt32FieldSize(_values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+      [outputStream writeInt32NoTag:(int32_t)msgSize];
+      // Write the fields.
+      WriteDictBoolField(outputStream, (i == 1), kMapKeyFieldNumber, GPBDataTypeBool);
+      WriteDictInt32Field(outputStream, _values[i], kMapValueFieldNumber, valueDataType);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block {
+  if (_valueSet[0]) {
+    block(@"false", @(_values[0]));
+  }
+  if (_valueSet[1]) {
+    block(@"true", @(_values[1]));
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key {
+  int idx = (key->valueBool ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value->valueInt32;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+}
+
+- (void)addRawEntriesFromDictionary:(GPBBoolEnumDictionary *)otherDictionary {
+  if (otherDictionary) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      if (otherDictionary->_valueSet[i]) {
+        _valueSet[i] = YES;
+        _values[i] = otherDictionary->_values[i];
+      }
+    }
+    if (_autocreator) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setEnum:(int32_t)value forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  if (!_validationFunc(value)) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"GPBBoolEnumDictionary: Attempt to set an unknown enum value (%d)",
+     value];
+  }
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = value;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setRawValue:(int32_t)rawValue forKey:(BOOL)key {
+  int idx = (key ? 1 : 0);
+  _values[idx] = rawValue;
+  _valueSet[idx] = YES;
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeEnumForKey:(BOOL)aKey {
+  _valueSet[aKey ? 1 : 0] = NO;
+}
+
+- (void)removeAll {
+  _valueSet[0] = NO;
+  _valueSet[1] = NO;
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - NSDictionary Subclass
+
+@implementation GPBAutocreatedDictionary {
+  NSMutableDictionary *_dictionary;
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  NSAssert(!_autocreator,
+           @"%@: Autocreator must be cleared before release, autocreator: %@",
+           [self class], _autocreator);
+  [_dictionary release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+#pragma mark Required NSDictionary overrides
+
+- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const id [])objects
+                        forKeys:(const id<NSCopying> [])keys
+                          count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  self = [super init];
+  if (self) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:objects
+                                                       forKeys:keys
+                                                         count:count];
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)count {
+  return [_dictionary count];
+}
+
+- (id)objectForKey:(id)aKey {
+  return [_dictionary objectForKey:aKey];
+}
+
+- (NSEnumerator *)keyEnumerator {
+  if (_dictionary == nil) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+  }
+  return [_dictionary keyEnumerator];
+}
+
+#pragma mark Required NSMutableDictionary overrides
+
+// Only need to call GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified() when adding things
+// since we only autocreate empty dictionaries.
+
+- (void)setObject:(id)anObject forKey:(id<NSCopying>)aKey {
+  if (_dictionary == nil) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+  }
+  [_dictionary setObject:anObject forKey:aKey];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)removeObjectForKey:(id)aKey {
+  [_dictionary removeObjectForKey:aKey];
+}
+
+#pragma mark Extra things hooked
+
+- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  if (_dictionary == nil) {
+    return [[NSMutableDictionary allocWithZone:zone] init];
+  }
+  return [_dictionary copyWithZone:zone];
+}
+
+- (id)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  if (_dictionary == nil) {
+    return [[NSMutableDictionary allocWithZone:zone] init];
+  }
+  return [_dictionary mutableCopyWithZone:zone];
+}
+
+// Not really needed, but subscripting is likely common enough it doesn't hurt
+// to ensure it goes directly to the real NSMutableDictionary.
+- (id)objectForKeyedSubscript:(id)key {
+  return [_dictionary objectForKeyedSubscript:key];
+}
+
+// Not really needed, but subscripting is likely common enough it doesn't hurt
+// to ensure it goes directly to the real NSMutableDictionary.
+- (void)setObject:(id)obj forKeyedSubscript:(id<NSCopying>)key {
+  if (_dictionary == nil) {
+    _dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+  }
+  [_dictionary setObject:obj forKeyedSubscript:key];
+  if (_autocreator) {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(_autocreator, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id key,
+                                                    id obj,
+                                                    BOOL *stop))block {
+  [_dictionary enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:block];
+}
+
+- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts
+                                usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(id key,
+                                                     id obj,
+                                                     BOOL *stop))block {
+  [_dictionary enumerateKeysAndObjectsWithOptions:opts usingBlock:block];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDictionary_PackagePrivate.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDictionary_PackagePrivate.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b921e8ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBDictionary_PackagePrivate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import "GPBDictionary.h"
+
+@class GPBCodedInputStream;
+@class GPBCodedOutputStream;
+@class GPBExtensionRegistry;
+@class GPBFieldDescriptor;
+
+@protocol GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol
+- (size_t)computeSerializedSizeAsField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field;
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)outputStream
+                         asField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field;
+- (void)setGPBGenericValue:(GPBGenericValue *)value
+     forGPBGenericValueKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key;
+- (void)enumerateForTextFormat:(void (^)(id keyObj, id valueObj))block;
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_PRIV_INTERFACES_FOR_POD_KEY(KEY_NAME)
+//%DICTIONARY_POD_PRIV_INTERFACES_FOR_KEY(KEY_NAME)
+//%DICTIONARY_PRIVATE_INTERFACES(KEY_NAME, Object, Object)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_POD_PRIV_INTERFACES_FOR_KEY(KEY_NAME)
+//%DICTIONARY_PRIVATE_INTERFACES(KEY_NAME, UInt32, Basic)
+//%DICTIONARY_PRIVATE_INTERFACES(KEY_NAME, Int32, Basic)
+//%DICTIONARY_PRIVATE_INTERFACES(KEY_NAME, UInt64, Basic)
+//%DICTIONARY_PRIVATE_INTERFACES(KEY_NAME, Int64, Basic)
+//%DICTIONARY_PRIVATE_INTERFACES(KEY_NAME, Bool, Basic)
+//%DICTIONARY_PRIVATE_INTERFACES(KEY_NAME, Float, Basic)
+//%DICTIONARY_PRIVATE_INTERFACES(KEY_NAME, Double, Basic)
+//%DICTIONARY_PRIVATE_INTERFACES(KEY_NAME, Enum, Enum)
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_PRIVATE_INTERFACES(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, HELPER)
+//%@interface GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+//% @package
+//%  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+//%}
+//%EXTRA_DICTIONARY_PRIVATE_INTERFACES_##HELPER()@end
+//%
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE EXTRA_DICTIONARY_PRIVATE_INTERFACES_Basic()
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE EXTRA_DICTIONARY_PRIVATE_INTERFACES_Object()
+//%- (BOOL)isInitialized;
+//%- (instancetype)deepCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
+//%    __attribute__((ns_returns_retained));
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE EXTRA_DICTIONARY_PRIVATE_INTERFACES_Enum()
+//%- (NSData *)serializedDataForUnknownValue:(int32_t)value
+//%                                   forKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key
+//%                              keyDataType:(GPBDataType)keyDataType;
+//%
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_PRIV_INTERFACES_FOR_POD_KEY(UInt32)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+@interface GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt32BoolDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt32FloatDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt32EnumDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+- (NSData *)serializedDataForUnknownValue:(int32_t)value
+                                   forKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key
+                              keyDataType:(GPBDataType)keyDataType;
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+- (BOOL)isInitialized;
+- (instancetype)deepCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
+    __attribute__((ns_returns_retained));
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_PRIV_INTERFACES_FOR_POD_KEY(Int32)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+@interface GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt32Int32Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt32Int64Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt32BoolDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt32FloatDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt32DoubleDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt32EnumDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+- (NSData *)serializedDataForUnknownValue:(int32_t)value
+                                   forKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key
+                              keyDataType:(GPBDataType)keyDataType;
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt32ObjectDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+- (BOOL)isInitialized;
+- (instancetype)deepCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
+    __attribute__((ns_returns_retained));
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_PRIV_INTERFACES_FOR_POD_KEY(UInt64)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+@interface GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt64BoolDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt64FloatDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt64EnumDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+- (NSData *)serializedDataForUnknownValue:(int32_t)value
+                                   forKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key
+                              keyDataType:(GPBDataType)keyDataType;
+@end
+
+@interface GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+- (BOOL)isInitialized;
+- (instancetype)deepCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
+    __attribute__((ns_returns_retained));
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_PRIV_INTERFACES_FOR_POD_KEY(Int64)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+@interface GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt64Int32Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt64Int64Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt64BoolDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt64FloatDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt64DoubleDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt64EnumDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+- (NSData *)serializedDataForUnknownValue:(int32_t)value
+                                   forKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key
+                              keyDataType:(GPBDataType)keyDataType;
+@end
+
+@interface GPBInt64ObjectDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+- (BOOL)isInitialized;
+- (instancetype)deepCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
+    __attribute__((ns_returns_retained));
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_PRIV_INTERFACES_FOR_POD_KEY(Bool)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+@interface GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBBoolInt32Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBBoolInt64Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBBoolBoolDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBBoolFloatDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBBoolDoubleDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBBoolEnumDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+- (NSData *)serializedDataForUnknownValue:(int32_t)value
+                                   forKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key
+                              keyDataType:(GPBDataType)keyDataType;
+@end
+
+@interface GPBBoolObjectDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+- (BOOL)isInitialized;
+- (instancetype)deepCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
+    __attribute__((ns_returns_retained));
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND DICTIONARY_POD_PRIV_INTERFACES_FOR_KEY(String)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+@interface GPBStringUInt32Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBStringInt32Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBStringUInt64Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBStringInt64Dictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBStringBoolDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBStringFloatDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBStringDoubleDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+@interface GPBStringEnumDictionary () <GPBDictionaryInternalsProtocol> {
+ @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+- (NSData *)serializedDataForUnknownValue:(int32_t)value
+                                   forKey:(GPBGenericValue *)key
+                              keyDataType:(GPBDataType)keyDataType;
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (6 expansions)
+
+#pragma mark - NSDictionary Subclass
+
+@interface GPBAutocreatedDictionary : NSMutableDictionary {
+  @package
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *_autocreator;
+}
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Helpers
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+// Helper to compute size when an NSDictionary is used for the map instead
+// of a custom type.
+size_t GPBDictionaryComputeSizeInternalHelper(NSDictionary *dict,
+                                              GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+// Helper to write out when an NSDictionary is used for the map instead
+// of a custom type.
+void GPBDictionaryWriteToStreamInternalHelper(
+    GPBCodedOutputStream *outputStream, NSDictionary *dict,
+    GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+// Helper to check message initialization when an NSDictionary is used for
+// the map instead of a custom type.
+BOOL GPBDictionaryIsInitializedInternalHelper(NSDictionary *dict,
+                                              GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+// Helper to read a map instead.
+void GPBDictionaryReadEntry(id mapDictionary, GPBCodedInputStream *stream,
+                            GPBExtensionRegistry *registry,
+                            GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                            GPBMessage *parentMessage);
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBExtensionInternals.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBExtensionInternals.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b980aefa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBExtensionInternals.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+
+@class GPBCodedInputStream;
+@class GPBCodedOutputStream;
+@class GPBExtensionRegistry;
+
+void GPBExtensionMergeFromInputStream(GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension,
+                                      BOOL isPackedOnStream,
+                                      GPBCodedInputStream *input,
+                                      GPBExtensionRegistry *extensionRegistry,
+                                      GPBMessage *message);
+
+size_t GPBComputeExtensionSerializedSizeIncludingTag(
+    GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension, id value);
+
+void GPBWriteExtensionValueToOutputStream(GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension,
+                                          id value,
+                                          GPBCodedOutputStream *output);
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBExtensionInternals.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBExtensionInternals.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..290c82a1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBExtensionInternals.m
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBExtensionInternals.h"
+
+#import <objc/runtime.h>
+
+#import "GPBCodedInputStream_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBCodedOutputStream_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBDescriptor_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+static id NewSingleValueFromInputStream(GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension,
+                                        GPBCodedInputStream *input,
+                                        GPBExtensionRegistry *extensionRegistry,
+                                        GPBMessage *existingValue)
+    __attribute__((ns_returns_retained));
+
+GPB_INLINE size_t DataTypeSize(GPBDataType dataType) {
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wswitch-enum"
+  switch (dataType) {
+    case GPBDataTypeBool:
+      return 1;
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+    case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+      return 4;
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+    case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+      return 8;
+    default:
+      return 0;
+  }
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+}
+
+static size_t ComputePBSerializedSizeNoTagOfObject(GPBDataType dataType, id object) {
+#define FIELD_CASE(TYPE, ACCESSOR)                                     \
+  case GPBDataType##TYPE:                                              \
+    return GPBCompute##TYPE##SizeNoTag([(NSNumber *)object ACCESSOR]);
+#define FIELD_CASE2(TYPE)                                              \
+  case GPBDataType##TYPE:                                              \
+    return GPBCompute##TYPE##SizeNoTag(object);
+  switch (dataType) {
+    FIELD_CASE(Bool, boolValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Float, floatValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Double, doubleValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Int32, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SFixed32, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SInt32, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Enum, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Int64, longLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SInt64, longLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SFixed64, longLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(UInt32, unsignedIntValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Fixed32, unsignedIntValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(UInt64, unsignedLongLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Fixed64, unsignedLongLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE2(Bytes)
+    FIELD_CASE2(String)
+    FIELD_CASE2(Message)
+    FIELD_CASE2(Group)
+  }
+#undef FIELD_CASE
+#undef FIELD_CASE2
+}
+
+static size_t ComputeSerializedSizeIncludingTagOfObject(
+    GPBExtensionDescription *description, id object) {
+#define FIELD_CASE(TYPE, ACCESSOR)                                   \
+  case GPBDataType##TYPE:                                            \
+    return GPBCompute##TYPE##Size(description->fieldNumber,          \
+                                  [(NSNumber *)object ACCESSOR]);
+#define FIELD_CASE2(TYPE)                                            \
+  case GPBDataType##TYPE:                                            \
+    return GPBCompute##TYPE##Size(description->fieldNumber, object);
+  switch (description->dataType) {
+    FIELD_CASE(Bool, boolValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Float, floatValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Double, doubleValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Int32, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SFixed32, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SInt32, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Enum, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Int64, longLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SInt64, longLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SFixed64, longLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(UInt32, unsignedIntValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Fixed32, unsignedIntValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(UInt64, unsignedLongLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Fixed64, unsignedLongLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE2(Bytes)
+    FIELD_CASE2(String)
+    FIELD_CASE2(Group)
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+      if (GPBExtensionIsWireFormat(description)) {
+        return GPBComputeMessageSetExtensionSize(description->fieldNumber,
+                                                 object);
+      } else {
+        return GPBComputeMessageSize(description->fieldNumber, object);
+      }
+  }
+#undef FIELD_CASE
+#undef FIELD_CASE2
+}
+
+static size_t ComputeSerializedSizeIncludingTagOfArray(
+    GPBExtensionDescription *description, NSArray *values) {
+  if (GPBExtensionIsPacked(description)) {
+    size_t size = 0;
+    size_t typeSize = DataTypeSize(description->dataType);
+    if (typeSize != 0) {
+      size = values.count * typeSize;
+    } else {
+      for (id value in values) {
+        size +=
+            ComputePBSerializedSizeNoTagOfObject(description->dataType, value);
+      }
+    }
+    return size + GPBComputeTagSize(description->fieldNumber) +
+           GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(size);
+  } else {
+    size_t size = 0;
+    for (id value in values) {
+      size += ComputeSerializedSizeIncludingTagOfObject(description, value);
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
+}
+
+static void WriteObjectIncludingTagToCodedOutputStream(
+    id object, GPBExtensionDescription *description,
+    GPBCodedOutputStream *output) {
+#define FIELD_CASE(TYPE, ACCESSOR)                      \
+  case GPBDataType##TYPE:                               \
+    [output write##TYPE:description->fieldNumber        \
+                  value:[(NSNumber *)object ACCESSOR]]; \
+    return;
+#define FIELD_CASE2(TYPE)                                       \
+  case GPBDataType##TYPE:                                       \
+    [output write##TYPE:description->fieldNumber value:object]; \
+    return;
+  switch (description->dataType) {
+    FIELD_CASE(Bool, boolValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Float, floatValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Double, doubleValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Int32, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SFixed32, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SInt32, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Enum, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Int64, longLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SInt64, longLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SFixed64, longLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(UInt32, unsignedIntValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Fixed32, unsignedIntValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(UInt64, unsignedLongLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Fixed64, unsignedLongLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE2(Bytes)
+    FIELD_CASE2(String)
+    FIELD_CASE2(Group)
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+      if (GPBExtensionIsWireFormat(description)) {
+        [output writeMessageSetExtension:description->fieldNumber value:object];
+      } else {
+        [output writeMessage:description->fieldNumber value:object];
+      }
+      return;
+  }
+#undef FIELD_CASE
+#undef FIELD_CASE2
+}
+
+static void WriteObjectNoTagToCodedOutputStream(
+    id object, GPBExtensionDescription *description,
+    GPBCodedOutputStream *output) {
+#define FIELD_CASE(TYPE, ACCESSOR)                             \
+  case GPBDataType##TYPE:                                      \
+    [output write##TYPE##NoTag:[(NSNumber *)object ACCESSOR]]; \
+    return;
+#define FIELD_CASE2(TYPE)               \
+  case GPBDataType##TYPE:               \
+    [output write##TYPE##NoTag:object]; \
+    return;
+  switch (description->dataType) {
+    FIELD_CASE(Bool, boolValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Float, floatValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Double, doubleValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Int32, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SFixed32, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SInt32, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Enum, intValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Int64, longLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SInt64, longLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(SFixed64, longLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(UInt32, unsignedIntValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Fixed32, unsignedIntValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(UInt64, unsignedLongLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE(Fixed64, unsignedLongLongValue)
+    FIELD_CASE2(Bytes)
+    FIELD_CASE2(String)
+    FIELD_CASE2(Message)
+    case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+      [output writeGroupNoTag:description->fieldNumber value:object];
+      return;
+  }
+#undef FIELD_CASE
+#undef FIELD_CASE2
+}
+
+static void WriteArrayIncludingTagsToCodedOutputStream(
+    NSArray *values, GPBExtensionDescription *description,
+    GPBCodedOutputStream *output) {
+  if (GPBExtensionIsPacked(description)) {
+    [output writeTag:description->fieldNumber
+              format:GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited];
+    size_t dataSize = 0;
+    size_t typeSize = DataTypeSize(description->dataType);
+    if (typeSize != 0) {
+      dataSize = values.count * typeSize;
+    } else {
+      for (id value in values) {
+        dataSize +=
+            ComputePBSerializedSizeNoTagOfObject(description->dataType, value);
+      }
+    }
+    [output writeRawVarintSizeTAs32:dataSize];
+    for (id value in values) {
+      WriteObjectNoTagToCodedOutputStream(value, description, output);
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (id value in values) {
+      WriteObjectIncludingTagToCodedOutputStream(value, description, output);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Direct access is use for speed, to avoid even internally declaring things
+// read/write, etc. The warning is enabled in the project to ensure code calling
+// protos can turn on -Wdirect-ivar-access without issues.
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+void GPBExtensionMergeFromInputStream(GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension,
+                                      BOOL isPackedOnStream,
+                                      GPBCodedInputStream *input,
+                                      GPBExtensionRegistry *extensionRegistry,
+                                      GPBMessage *message) {
+  GPBExtensionDescription *description = extension->description_;
+  GPBCodedInputStreamState *state = &input->state_;
+  if (isPackedOnStream) {
+    NSCAssert(GPBExtensionIsRepeated(description),
+              @"How was it packed if it isn't repeated?");
+    int32_t length = GPBCodedInputStreamReadInt32(state);
+    size_t limit = GPBCodedInputStreamPushLimit(state, length);
+    while (GPBCodedInputStreamBytesUntilLimit(state) > 0) {
+      id value = NewSingleValueFromInputStream(extension,
+                                               input,
+                                               extensionRegistry,
+                                               nil);
+      [message addExtension:extension value:value];
+      [value release];
+    }
+    GPBCodedInputStreamPopLimit(state, limit);
+  } else {
+    id existingValue = nil;
+    BOOL isRepeated = GPBExtensionIsRepeated(description);
+    if (!isRepeated && GPBDataTypeIsMessage(description->dataType)) {
+      existingValue = [message getExistingExtension:extension];
+    }
+    id value = NewSingleValueFromInputStream(extension,
+                                             input,
+                                             extensionRegistry,
+                                             existingValue);
+    if (isRepeated) {
+      [message addExtension:extension value:value];
+    } else {
+      [message setExtension:extension value:value];
+    }
+    [value release];
+  }
+}
+
+void GPBWriteExtensionValueToOutputStream(GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension,
+                                          id value,
+                                          GPBCodedOutputStream *output) {
+  GPBExtensionDescription *description = extension->description_;
+  if (GPBExtensionIsRepeated(description)) {
+    WriteArrayIncludingTagsToCodedOutputStream(value, description, output);
+  } else {
+    WriteObjectIncludingTagToCodedOutputStream(value, description, output);
+  }
+}
+
+size_t GPBComputeExtensionSerializedSizeIncludingTag(
+    GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension, id value) {
+  GPBExtensionDescription *description = extension->description_;
+  if (GPBExtensionIsRepeated(description)) {
+    return ComputeSerializedSizeIncludingTagOfArray(description, value);
+  } else {
+    return ComputeSerializedSizeIncludingTagOfObject(description, value);
+  }
+}
+
+// Note that this returns a retained value intentionally.
+static id NewSingleValueFromInputStream(GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension,
+                                        GPBCodedInputStream *input,
+                                        GPBExtensionRegistry *extensionRegistry,
+                                        GPBMessage *existingValue) {
+  GPBExtensionDescription *description = extension->description_;
+  GPBCodedInputStreamState *state = &input->state_;
+  switch (description->dataType) {
+    case GPBDataTypeBool:     return [[NSNumber alloc] initWithBool:GPBCodedInputStreamReadBool(state)];
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed32:  return [[NSNumber alloc] initWithUnsignedInt:GPBCodedInputStreamReadFixed32(state)];
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed32: return [[NSNumber alloc] initWithInt:GPBCodedInputStreamReadSFixed32(state)];
+    case GPBDataTypeFloat:    return [[NSNumber alloc] initWithFloat:GPBCodedInputStreamReadFloat(state)];
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed64:  return [[NSNumber alloc] initWithUnsignedLongLong:GPBCodedInputStreamReadFixed64(state)];
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed64: return [[NSNumber alloc] initWithLongLong:GPBCodedInputStreamReadSFixed64(state)];
+    case GPBDataTypeDouble:   return [[NSNumber alloc] initWithDouble:GPBCodedInputStreamReadDouble(state)];
+    case GPBDataTypeInt32:    return [[NSNumber alloc] initWithInt:GPBCodedInputStreamReadInt32(state)];
+    case GPBDataTypeInt64:    return [[NSNumber alloc] initWithLongLong:GPBCodedInputStreamReadInt64(state)];
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt32:   return [[NSNumber alloc] initWithInt:GPBCodedInputStreamReadSInt32(state)];
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt64:   return [[NSNumber alloc] initWithLongLong:GPBCodedInputStreamReadSInt64(state)];
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt32:   return [[NSNumber alloc] initWithUnsignedInt:GPBCodedInputStreamReadUInt32(state)];
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt64:   return [[NSNumber alloc] initWithUnsignedLongLong:GPBCodedInputStreamReadUInt64(state)];
+    case GPBDataTypeBytes:    return GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedBytes(state);
+    case GPBDataTypeString:   return GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedString(state);
+    case GPBDataTypeEnum:     return [[NSNumber alloc] initWithInt:GPBCodedInputStreamReadEnum(state)];
+    case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage: {
+      GPBMessage *message;
+      if (existingValue) {
+        message = [existingValue retain];
+      } else {
+        GPBDescriptor *decriptor = [extension.msgClass descriptor];
+        message = [[decriptor.messageClass alloc] init];
+      }
+
+      if (description->dataType == GPBDataTypeGroup) {
+        [input readGroup:description->fieldNumber
+                 message:message
+            extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+      } else {
+        // description->dataType == GPBDataTypeMessage
+        if (GPBExtensionIsWireFormat(description)) {
+          // For MessageSet fields the message length will have already been
+          // read.
+          [message mergeFromCodedInputStream:input
+                           extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+        } else {
+          [input readMessage:message extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+        }
+      }
+
+      return message;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return nil;
+}
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBExtensionRegistry.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBExtensionRegistry.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d79632d28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBExtensionRegistry.h
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+@class GPBDescriptor;
+@class GPBExtensionDescriptor;
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+/**
+ * A table of known extensions, searchable by name or field number.  When
+ * parsing a protocol message that might have extensions, you must provide a
+ * GPBExtensionRegistry in which you have registered any extensions that you
+ * want to be able to parse. Otherwise, those extensions will just be treated
+ * like unknown fields.
+ *
+ * The *Root classes provide `+extensionRegistry` for the extensions defined
+ * in a given file *and* all files it imports. You can also create a
+ * GPBExtensionRegistry, and merge those registries to handle parsing
+ * extensions defined from non overlapping files.
+ *
+ * ```
+ * GPBExtensionRegistry *registry = [[MyProtoFileRoot extensionRegistry] copy];
+ * [registry addExtension:[OtherMessage neededExtension]]; // Not in MyProtoFile
+ * NSError *parseError;
+ * MyMessage *msg = [MyMessage parseData:data extensionRegistry:registry error:&parseError];
+ * ```
+ **/
+@interface GPBExtensionRegistry : NSObject<NSCopying>
+
+/**
+ * Adds the given GPBExtensionDescriptor to this registry.
+ *
+ * @param extension The extension description to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension;
+
+/**
+ * Adds all the extensions from another registry to this registry.
+ *
+ * @param registry The registry to merge into this registry.
+ **/
+- (void)addExtensions:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)registry;
+
+/**
+ * Looks for the extension registered for the given field number on a given
+ * GPBDescriptor.
+ *
+ * @param descriptor  The descriptor to look for a registered extension on.
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number of the extension to look for.
+ *
+ * @return The registered GPBExtensionDescriptor or nil if none was found.
+ **/
+- (nullable GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extensionForDescriptor:(GPBDescriptor *)descriptor
+                                                fieldNumber:(NSInteger)fieldNumber;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBExtensionRegistry.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBExtensionRegistry.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b056a52d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBExtensionRegistry.m
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBExtensionRegistry.h"
+
+#import "GPBBootstrap.h"
+#import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+
+@implementation GPBExtensionRegistry {
+  NSMutableDictionary *mutableClassMap_;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+    mutableClassMap_ = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  [mutableClassMap_ release];
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+// Direct access is use for speed, to avoid even internally declaring things
+// read/write, etc. The warning is enabled in the project to ensure code calling
+// protos can turn on -Wdirect-ivar-access without issues.
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  GPBExtensionRegistry *result = [[[self class] allocWithZone:zone] init];
+  [result addExtensions:self];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)addExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension {
+  if (extension == nil) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Class containingMessageClass = extension.containingMessageClass;
+  CFMutableDictionaryRef extensionMap = (CFMutableDictionaryRef)
+      [mutableClassMap_ objectForKey:containingMessageClass];
+  if (extensionMap == nil) {
+    // Use a custom dictionary here because the keys are numbers and conversion
+    // back and forth from NSNumber isn't worth the cost.
+    extensionMap = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, NULL,
+                                             &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
+    [mutableClassMap_ setObject:(id)extensionMap
+                         forKey:(id<NSCopying>)containingMessageClass];
+    CFRelease(extensionMap);
+  }
+
+  ssize_t key = extension.fieldNumber;
+  CFDictionarySetValue(extensionMap, (const void *)key, extension);
+}
+
+- (GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extensionForDescriptor:(GPBDescriptor *)descriptor
+                                       fieldNumber:(NSInteger)fieldNumber {
+  Class messageClass = descriptor.messageClass;
+  CFMutableDictionaryRef extensionMap = (CFMutableDictionaryRef)
+      [mutableClassMap_ objectForKey:messageClass];
+  ssize_t key = fieldNumber;
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *result =
+      (extensionMap
+       ? CFDictionaryGetValue(extensionMap, (const void *)key)
+       : nil);
+  return result;
+}
+
+static void CopyKeyValue(const void *key, const void *value, void *context) {
+  CFMutableDictionaryRef extensionMap = (CFMutableDictionaryRef)context;
+  CFDictionarySetValue(extensionMap, key, value);
+}
+
+- (void)addExtensions:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)registry {
+  if (registry == nil) {
+    // In the case where there are no extensions just ignore.
+    return;
+  }
+  NSMutableDictionary *otherClassMap = registry->mutableClassMap_;
+  [otherClassMap enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id key, id value, BOOL * stop) {
+#pragma unused(stop)
+    Class containingMessageClass = key;
+    CFMutableDictionaryRef otherExtensionMap = (CFMutableDictionaryRef)value;
+
+    CFMutableDictionaryRef extensionMap = (CFMutableDictionaryRef)
+        [mutableClassMap_ objectForKey:containingMessageClass];
+    if (extensionMap == nil) {
+      extensionMap = CFDictionaryCreateMutableCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, otherExtensionMap);
+      [mutableClassMap_ setObject:(id)extensionMap
+                           forKey:(id<NSCopying>)containingMessageClass];
+      CFRelease(extensionMap);
+    } else {
+      CFDictionaryApplyFunction(otherExtensionMap, CopyKeyValue, extensionMap);
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBMessage.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBMessage.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01253a4af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBMessage.h
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import "GPBBootstrap.h"
+
+@class GPBDescriptor;
+@class GPBCodedInputStream;
+@class GPBCodedOutputStream;
+@class GPBExtensionDescriptor;
+@class GPBExtensionRegistry;
+@class GPBFieldDescriptor;
+@class GPBUnknownFieldSet;
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+/** NSError domain used for errors. */
+extern NSString *const GPBMessageErrorDomain;
+
+/** Error codes for NSErrors originated in GPBMessage. */
+typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, GPBMessageErrorCode) {
+  /** Uncategorized error. */
+  GPBMessageErrorCodeOther = -100,
+  /** Message couldn't be serialized because it is missing required fields. */
+  GPBMessageErrorCodeMissingRequiredField = -101,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Key under which the GPBMessage error's reason is stored inside the userInfo
+ * dictionary.
+ **/
+extern NSString *const GPBErrorReasonKey;
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
+
+/**
+ * Base class that each generated message subclasses from.
+ *
+ * @note @c NSCopying support is a "deep copy", in that all sub objects are
+ *       copied.  Just like you wouldn't want a UIView/NSView trying to
+ *       exist in two places, you don't want a sub message to be a property
+ *       property of two other messages.
+ *
+ * @note While the class support NSSecureCoding, if the message has any
+ *       extensions, they will end up reloaded in @c unknownFields as there is
+ *       no way for the @c NSCoding plumbing to pass through a
+ *       @c GPBExtensionRegistry. To support extensions, instead of passing the
+ *       calls off to the Message, simple store the result of @c data, and then
+ *       when loading, fetch the data and use
+ *       @c +parseFromData:extensionRegistry:error: to provide an extension
+ *       registry.
+ **/
+@interface GPBMessage : NSObject<NSSecureCoding, NSCopying>
+
+// If you add an instance method/property to this class that may conflict with
+// fields declared in protos, you need to update objective_helpers.cc. The main
+// cases are methods that take no arguments, or setFoo:/hasFoo: type methods.
+
+/**
+ * The set of unknown fields for this message.
+ *
+ * Only messages from proto files declared with "proto2" syntax support unknown
+ * fields. For "proto3" syntax, any unknown fields found while parsing are
+ * dropped.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, copy, nullable) GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknownFields;
+
+/**
+ * Whether the message, along with all submessages, have the required fields
+ * set. This is only applicable for files declared with "proto2" syntax, as
+ * there are no required fields for "proto3" syntax.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, getter=isInitialized) BOOL initialized;
+
+/**
+ * @return An autoreleased message with the default values set.
+ **/
++ (instancetype)message;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new instance by parsing the provided data. This method should be
+ * sent to the generated message class that the data should be interpreted as.
+ * If there is an error the method returns nil and the error is returned in
+ * errorPtr (when provided).
+ *
+ * @note In DEBUG builds, the parsed message is checked to be sure all required
+ *       fields were provided, and the parse will fail if some are missing.
+ *
+ * @note The errors returned are likely coming from the domain and codes listed
+ *       at the top of this file and GPBCodedInputStream.h.
+ *
+ * @param data     The data to parse.
+ * @param errorPtr An optional error pointer to fill in with a failure reason if
+ *                 the data can not be parsed.
+ *
+ * @return A new instance of the generated class.
+ **/
++ (nullable instancetype)parseFromData:(NSData *)data error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new instance by parsing the data. This method should be sent to
+ * the generated message class that the data should be interpreted as. If
+ * there is an error the method returns nil and the error is returned in
+ * errorPtr (when provided).
+ *
+ * @note In DEBUG builds, the parsed message is checked to be sure all required
+ *       fields were provided, and the parse will fail if some are missing.
+ *
+ * @note The errors returned are likely coming from the domain and codes listed
+ *       at the top of this file and GPBCodedInputStream.h.
+ *
+ * @param data              The data to parse.
+ * @param extensionRegistry The extension registry to use to look up extensions.
+ * @param errorPtr          An optional error pointer to fill in with a failure
+ *                          reason if the data can not be parsed.
+ *
+ * @return A new instance of the generated class.
+ **/
++ (nullable instancetype)parseFromData:(NSData *)data
+                     extensionRegistry:(nullable GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry
+                                 error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new instance by parsing the data from the given input stream. This
+ * method should be sent to the generated message class that the data should
+ * be interpreted as. If there is an error the method returns nil and the error
+ * is returned in errorPtr (when provided).
+ *
+ * @note In DEBUG builds, the parsed message is checked to be sure all required
+ *       fields were provided, and the parse will fail if some are missing.
+ *
+ * @note The errors returned are likely coming from the domain and codes listed
+ *       at the top of this file and GPBCodedInputStream.h.
+ *
+ * @param input             The stream to read data from.
+ * @param extensionRegistry The extension registry to use to look up extensions.
+ * @param errorPtr          An optional error pointer to fill in with a failure
+ *                          reason if the data can not be parsed.
+ *
+ * @return A new instance of the generated class.
+ **/
++ (nullable instancetype)parseFromCodedInputStream:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input
+                                 extensionRegistry:
+                                     (nullable GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry
+                                             error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new instance by parsing the data from the given input stream. This
+ * method should be sent to the generated message class that the data should
+ * be interpreted as. If there is an error the method returns nil and the error
+ * is returned in errorPtr (when provided).
+ *
+ * @note Unlike the parseFrom... methods, this never checks to see if all of
+ *       the required fields are set. So this method can be used to reload
+ *       messages that may not be complete.
+ *
+ * @note The errors returned are likely coming from the domain and codes listed
+ *       at the top of this file and GPBCodedInputStream.h.
+ *
+ * @param input             The stream to read data from.
+ * @param extensionRegistry The extension registry to use to look up extensions.
+ * @param errorPtr          An optional error pointer to fill in with a failure
+ *                          reason if the data can not be parsed.
+ *
+ * @return A new instance of the generated class.
+ **/
++ (nullable instancetype)parseDelimitedFromCodedInputStream:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input
+                                          extensionRegistry:
+                                              (nullable GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry
+                                                      error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes an instance by parsing the data. This method should be sent to
+ * the generated message class that the data should be interpreted as. If
+ * there is an error the method returns nil and the error is returned in
+ * errorPtr (when provided).
+ *
+ * @note In DEBUG builds, the parsed message is checked to be sure all required
+ *       fields were provided, and the parse will fail if some are missing.
+ *
+ * @note The errors returned are likely coming from the domain and codes listed
+ *       at the top of this file and GPBCodedInputStream.h.
+ *
+ * @param data     The data to parse.
+ * @param errorPtr An optional error pointer to fill in with a failure reason if
+ *                 the data can not be parsed.
+ *
+ * @return An initialized instance of the generated class.
+ **/
+- (nullable instancetype)initWithData:(NSData *)data error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes an instance by parsing the data. This method should be sent to
+ * the generated message class that the data should be interpreted as. If
+ * there is an error the method returns nil and the error is returned in
+ * errorPtr (when provided).
+ *
+ * @note In DEBUG builds, the parsed message is checked to be sure all required
+ *       fields were provided, and the parse will fail if some are missing.
+ *
+ * @note The errors returned are likely coming from the domain and codes listed
+ *       at the top of this file and GPBCodedInputStream.h.
+ *
+ * @param data              The data to parse.
+ * @param extensionRegistry The extension registry to use to look up extensions.
+ * @param errorPtr          An optional error pointer to fill in with a failure
+ *                          reason if the data can not be parsed.
+ *
+ * @return An initialized instance of the generated class.
+ **/
+- (nullable instancetype)initWithData:(NSData *)data
+                    extensionRegistry:(nullable GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry
+                                error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes an instance by parsing the data from the given input stream. This
+ * method should be sent to the generated message class that the data should
+ * be interpreted as. If there is an error the method returns nil and the error
+ * is returned in errorPtr (when provided).
+ *
+ * @note Unlike the parseFrom... methods, this never checks to see if all of
+ *       the required fields are set. So this method can be used to reload
+ *       messages that may not be complete.
+ *
+ * @note The errors returned are likely coming from the domain and codes listed
+ *       at the top of this file and GPBCodedInputStream.h.
+ *
+ * @param input             The stream to read data from.
+ * @param extensionRegistry The extension registry to use to look up extensions.
+ * @param errorPtr          An optional error pointer to fill in with a failure
+ *                          reason if the data can not be parsed.
+ *
+ * @return An initialized instance of the generated class.
+ **/
+- (nullable instancetype)initWithCodedInputStream:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input
+                                extensionRegistry:
+                                    (nullable GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry
+                                            error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+
+/**
+ * Parses the given data as this message's class, and merges those values into
+ * this message.
+ *
+ * @param data              The binary representation of the message to merge.
+ * @param extensionRegistry The extension registry to use to look up extensions.
+ *
+ * @exception GPBCodedInputStreamException Exception thrown when parsing was
+ *                                         unsuccessful.
+ **/
+- (void)mergeFromData:(NSData *)data
+    extensionRegistry:(nullable GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+
+/**
+ * Merges the fields from another message (of the same type) into this
+ * message.
+ *
+ * @param other Message to merge into this message.
+ **/
+- (void)mergeFrom:(GPBMessage *)other;
+
+/**
+ * Writes out the message to the given coded output stream.
+ *
+ * @param output The coded output stream into which to write the message.
+ *
+ * @note This can raise the GPBCodedOutputStreamException_* exceptions.
+ *
+ **/
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)output;
+
+/**
+ * Writes out the message to the given output stream.
+ *
+ * @param output The output stream into which to write the message.
+ *
+ * @note This can raise the GPBCodedOutputStreamException_* exceptions.
+ **/
+- (void)writeToOutputStream:(NSOutputStream *)output;
+
+/**
+ * Writes out a varint for the message size followed by the message to
+ * the given output stream.
+ *
+ * @param output The coded output stream into which to write the message.
+ *
+ * @note This can raise the GPBCodedOutputStreamException_* exceptions.
+ **/
+- (void)writeDelimitedToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)output;
+
+/**
+ * Writes out a varint for the message size followed by the message to
+ * the given output stream.
+ *
+ * @param output The output stream into which to write the message.
+ *
+ * @note This can raise the GPBCodedOutputStreamException_* exceptions.
+ **/
+- (void)writeDelimitedToOutputStream:(NSOutputStream *)output;
+
+/**
+ * Serializes the message to an NSData.
+ *
+ * If there is an error while generating the data, nil is returned.
+ *
+ * @note This value is not cached, so if you are using it repeatedly, cache
+ *       it yourself.
+ *
+ * @note In DEBUG ONLY, the message is also checked for all required field,
+ *       if one is missing, nil will be returned.
+ *
+ * @return The binary representation of the message.
+ **/
+- (nullable NSData *)data;
+
+/**
+ * Serializes a varint with the message size followed by the message data,
+ * returning that as an NSData.
+ *
+ * @note This value is not cached, so if you are using it repeatedly, it is
+ *       recommended to keep a local copy.
+ *
+ * @return The binary representation of the size along with the message.
+ **/
+- (NSData *)delimitedData;
+
+/**
+ * Calculates the size of the object if it were serialized.
+ *
+ * This is not a cached value. If you are following a pattern like this:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * size_t size = [aMsg serializedSize];
+ * NSMutableData *foo = [NSMutableData dataWithCapacity:size + sizeof(size)];
+ * [foo writeSize:size];
+ * [foo appendData:[aMsg data]];
+ * ```
+ *
+ * you would be better doing:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * NSData *data = [aMsg data];
+ * NSUInteger size = [aMsg length];
+ * NSMutableData *foo = [NSMutableData dataWithCapacity:size + sizeof(size)];
+ * [foo writeSize:size];
+ * [foo appendData:data];
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @return The size of the message in it's binary representation.
+ **/
+- (size_t)serializedSize;
+
+/**
+ * @return The descriptor for the message class.
+ **/
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor;
+
+/**
+ * Return the descriptor for the message.
+ **/
+- (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor;
+
+/**
+ * @return An array with the extension descriptors that are currently set on the
+ * message.
+ **/
+- (NSArray *)extensionsCurrentlySet;
+
+/**
+ * Checks whether there is an extension set on the message which matches the
+ * given extension descriptor.
+ *
+ * @param extension Extension descriptor to check if it's set on the message.
+ *
+ * @return Whether the extension is currently set on the message.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)hasExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension;
+
+/*
+ * Fetches the given extension's value for this message.
+ *
+ * Extensions use boxed values (NSNumbers) for PODs and NSMutableArrays for
+ * repeated fields. If the extension is a Message one will be auto created for
+ * you and returned similar to fields.
+ *
+ * @param extension The extension descriptor of the extension to fetch.
+ *
+ * @return The extension matching the given descriptor, or nil if none found.
+ **/
+- (nullable id)getExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the given extension's value for this message. This only applies for
+ * single field extensions (i.e. - not repeated fields).
+ *
+ * Extensions use boxed values (NSNumbers).
+ *
+ * @param extension The extension descriptor under which to set the value.
+ * @param value     The value to be set as the extension.
+ **/
+- (void)setExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension
+               value:(nullable id)value;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the given value to the extension for this message. This only applies
+ * to repeated field extensions. If the field is a repeated POD type, the value
+ * should be an NSNumber.
+ *
+ * @param extension The extension descriptor under which to add the value.
+ * @param value     The value to be added to the repeated extension.
+ **/
+- (void)addExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension value:(id)value;
+
+/**
+ * Replaces the value at the given index with the given value for the extension
+ * on this message. This only applies to repeated field extensions. If the field
+ * is a repeated POD type, the value is should be an NSNumber.
+ *
+ * @param extension The extension descriptor under which to replace the value.
+ * @param index     The index of the extension to be replaced.
+ * @param value     The value to be replaced in the repeated extension.
+ **/
+- (void)setExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension
+               index:(NSUInteger)index
+               value:(id)value;
+
+/**
+ * Clears the given extension for this message.
+ *
+ * @param extension The extension descriptor to be cleared from this message.
+ **/
+- (void)clearExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension;
+
+/**
+ * Resets all of the fields of this message to their default values.
+ **/
+- (void)clear;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBMessage.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBMessage.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d5eccd3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBMessage.m
@@ -0,0 +1,3348 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+#import <objc/runtime.h>
+#import <objc/message.h>
+#import <stdatomic.h>
+
+#import "GPBArray_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBCodedInputStream_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBCodedOutputStream_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBDescriptor_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBDictionary_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBExtensionInternals.h"
+#import "GPBExtensionRegistry.h"
+#import "GPBRootObject_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownFieldSet_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+// Direct access is use for speed, to avoid even internally declaring things
+// read/write, etc. The warning is enabled in the project to ensure code calling
+// protos can turn on -Wdirect-ivar-access without issues.
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+NSString *const GPBMessageErrorDomain =
+    GPBNSStringifySymbol(GPBMessageErrorDomain);
+
+NSString *const GPBErrorReasonKey = @"Reason";
+
+static NSString *const kGPBDataCoderKey = @"GPBData";
+
+//
+// PLEASE REMEMBER:
+//
+// This is the base class for *all* messages generated, so any selector defined,
+// *public* or *private* could end up colliding with a proto message field. So
+// avoid using selectors that could match a property, use C functions to hide
+// them, etc.
+//
+
+@interface GPBMessage () {
+ @package
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknownFields_;
+  NSMutableDictionary *extensionMap_;
+  NSMutableDictionary *autocreatedExtensionMap_;
+
+  // If the object was autocreated, we remember the creator so that if we get
+  // mutated, we can inform the creator to make our field visible.
+  GPBMessage *autocreator_;
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *autocreatorField_;
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *autocreatorExtension_;
+
+  // A lock to provide mutual exclusion from internal data that can be modified
+  // by *read* operations such as getters (autocreation of message fields and
+  // message extensions, not setting of values). Used to guarantee thread safety
+  // for concurrent reads on the message.
+  // NOTE: OSSpinLock may seem like a good fit here but Apple engineers have
+  // pointed out that they are vulnerable to live locking on iOS in cases of
+  // priority inversion:
+  //   http://mjtsai.com/blog/2015/12/16/osspinlock-is-unsafe/
+  //   https://lists.swift.org/pipermail/swift-dev/Week-of-Mon-20151214/000372.html
+  // Use of readOnlySemaphore_ must be prefaced by a call to
+  // GPBPrepareReadOnlySemaphore to ensure it has been created. This allows
+  // readOnlySemaphore_ to be only created when actually needed.
+  _Atomic(dispatch_semaphore_t) readOnlySemaphore_;
+}
+@end
+
+static id CreateArrayForField(GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                              GPBMessage *autocreator)
+    __attribute__((ns_returns_retained));
+static id GetOrCreateArrayIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                        GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                        GPBFileSyntax syntax);
+static id GetArrayIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+static id CreateMapForField(GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                            GPBMessage *autocreator)
+    __attribute__((ns_returns_retained));
+static id GetOrCreateMapIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                      GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                      GPBFileSyntax syntax);
+static id GetMapIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+static NSMutableDictionary *CloneExtensionMap(NSDictionary *extensionMap,
+                                              NSZone *zone)
+    __attribute__((ns_returns_retained));
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static NSError *MessageError(NSInteger code, NSDictionary *userInfo) {
+  return [NSError errorWithDomain:GPBMessageErrorDomain
+                             code:code
+                         userInfo:userInfo];
+}
+#endif
+
+static NSError *ErrorFromException(NSException *exception) {
+  NSError *error = nil;
+
+  if ([exception.name isEqual:GPBCodedInputStreamException]) {
+    NSDictionary *exceptionInfo = exception.userInfo;
+    error = exceptionInfo[GPBCodedInputStreamUnderlyingErrorKey];
+  }
+
+  if (!error) {
+    NSString *reason = exception.reason;
+    NSDictionary *userInfo = nil;
+    if ([reason length]) {
+      userInfo = @{ GPBErrorReasonKey : reason };
+    }
+
+    error = [NSError errorWithDomain:GPBMessageErrorDomain
+                                code:GPBMessageErrorCodeOther
+                            userInfo:userInfo];
+  }
+  return error;
+}
+
+static void CheckExtension(GPBMessage *self,
+                           GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension) {
+  if (![self isKindOfClass:extension.containingMessageClass]) {
+    [NSException
+         raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+        format:@"Extension %@ used on wrong class (%@ instead of %@)",
+               extension.singletonName,
+               [self class], extension.containingMessageClass];
+  }
+}
+
+static NSMutableDictionary *CloneExtensionMap(NSDictionary *extensionMap,
+                                              NSZone *zone) {
+  if (extensionMap.count == 0) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+  NSMutableDictionary *result = [[NSMutableDictionary allocWithZone:zone]
+      initWithCapacity:extensionMap.count];
+
+  for (GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension in extensionMap) {
+    id value = [extensionMap objectForKey:extension];
+    BOOL isMessageExtension = GPBExtensionIsMessage(extension);
+
+    if (extension.repeated) {
+      if (isMessageExtension) {
+        NSMutableArray *list =
+            [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:[value count]];
+        for (GPBMessage *listValue in value) {
+          GPBMessage *copiedValue = [listValue copyWithZone:zone];
+          [list addObject:copiedValue];
+          [copiedValue release];
+        }
+        [result setObject:list forKey:extension];
+        [list release];
+      } else {
+        NSMutableArray *copiedValue = [value mutableCopyWithZone:zone];
+        [result setObject:copiedValue forKey:extension];
+        [copiedValue release];
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (isMessageExtension) {
+        GPBMessage *copiedValue = [value copyWithZone:zone];
+        [result setObject:copiedValue forKey:extension];
+        [copiedValue release];
+      } else {
+        [result setObject:value forKey:extension];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+static id CreateArrayForField(GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                              GPBMessage *autocreator) {
+  id result;
+  GPBDataType fieldDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  switch (fieldDataType) {
+    case GPBDataTypeBool:
+      result = [[GPBBoolArray alloc] init];
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+      result = [[GPBUInt32Array alloc] init];
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+      result = [[GPBInt32Array alloc] init];
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+      result = [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] init];
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+      result = [[GPBInt64Array alloc] init];
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+      result = [[GPBFloatArray alloc] init];
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+      result = [[GPBDoubleArray alloc] init];
+      break;
+
+    case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+      result = [[GPBEnumArray alloc]
+                  initWithValidationFunction:field.enumDescriptor.enumVerifier];
+      break;
+
+    case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+    case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+    case GPBDataTypeString:
+      if (autocreator) {
+        result = [[GPBAutocreatedArray alloc] init];
+      } else {
+        result = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (autocreator) {
+    if (GPBDataTypeIsObject(fieldDataType)) {
+      GPBAutocreatedArray *autoArray = result;
+      autoArray->_autocreator =  autocreator;
+    } else {
+      GPBInt32Array *gpbArray = result;
+      gpbArray->_autocreator = autocreator;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+static id CreateMapForField(GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                            GPBMessage *autocreator) {
+  id result;
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  switch (keyDataType) {
+    case GPBDataTypeBool:
+      switch (valueDataType) {
+        case GPBDataTypeBool:
+          result = [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+          result = [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+          result = [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+          result = [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+          result = [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+          result = [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+          result = [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+          result = [[GPBBoolEnumDictionary alloc]
+              initWithValidationFunction:field.enumDescriptor.enumVerifier];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+        case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+        case GPBDataTypeString:
+          result = [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+          NSCAssert(NO, @"shouldn't happen");
+          return nil;
+      }
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+      switch (valueDataType) {
+        case GPBDataTypeBool:
+          result = [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+          result = [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+          result = [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+          result = [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+          result = [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+          result = [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+          result = [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+          result = [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc]
+              initWithValidationFunction:field.enumDescriptor.enumVerifier];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+        case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+        case GPBDataTypeString:
+          result = [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+          NSCAssert(NO, @"shouldn't happen");
+          return nil;
+      }
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+      switch (valueDataType) {
+        case GPBDataTypeBool:
+          result = [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+          result = [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+          result = [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+          result = [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+          result = [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+          result = [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+          result = [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+          result = [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc]
+              initWithValidationFunction:field.enumDescriptor.enumVerifier];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+        case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+        case GPBDataTypeString:
+          result = [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+          NSCAssert(NO, @"shouldn't happen");
+          return nil;
+      }
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+      switch (valueDataType) {
+        case GPBDataTypeBool:
+          result = [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+          result = [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+          result = [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+          result = [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+          result = [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+          result = [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+          result = [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+          result = [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc]
+              initWithValidationFunction:field.enumDescriptor.enumVerifier];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+        case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+        case GPBDataTypeString:
+          result = [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+          NSCAssert(NO, @"shouldn't happen");
+          return nil;
+      }
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+      switch (valueDataType) {
+        case GPBDataTypeBool:
+          result = [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+          result = [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+          result = [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+          result = [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+          result = [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+          result = [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+          result = [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+          result = [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc]
+              initWithValidationFunction:field.enumDescriptor.enumVerifier];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+        case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+        case GPBDataTypeString:
+          result = [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+          NSCAssert(NO, @"shouldn't happen");
+          return nil;
+      }
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeString:
+      switch (valueDataType) {
+        case GPBDataTypeBool:
+          result = [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+          result = [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+          result = [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+          result = [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+          result = [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+          result = [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+          result = [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+          result = [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc]
+              initWithValidationFunction:field.enumDescriptor.enumVerifier];
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+        case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+        case GPBDataTypeString:
+          if (autocreator) {
+            result = [[GPBAutocreatedDictionary alloc] init];
+          } else {
+            result = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+          }
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+          NSCAssert(NO, @"shouldn't happen");
+          return nil;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+    case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+    case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+    case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+    case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+      NSCAssert(NO, @"shouldn't happen");
+      return nil;
+  }
+
+  if (autocreator) {
+    if ((keyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) &&
+        GPBDataTypeIsObject(valueDataType)) {
+      GPBAutocreatedDictionary *autoDict = result;
+      autoDict->_autocreator =  autocreator;
+    } else {
+      GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *gpbDict = result;
+      gpbDict->_autocreator = autocreator;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+#if !defined(__clang_analyzer__)
+// These functions are blocked from the analyzer because the analyzer sees the
+// GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal() call as consuming the array/map,
+// so use of the array/map after the call returns is flagged as a use after
+// free.
+// But GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal() is "consuming" the retain
+// count be holding onto the object (it is transfering it), the object is
+// still valid after returning from the call.  The other way to avoid this
+// would be to add a -retain/-autorelease, but that would force every
+// repeated/map field parsed into the autorelease pool which is both a memory
+// and performance hit.
+
+static id GetOrCreateArrayIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                        GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                        GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+  id array = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+  if (!array) {
+    // No lock needed, this is called from places expecting to mutate
+    // so no threading protection is needed.
+    array = CreateArrayForField(field, nil);
+    GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, array, syntax);
+  }
+  return array;
+}
+
+// This is like GPBGetObjectIvarWithField(), but for arrays, it should
+// only be used to wire the method into the class.
+static id GetArrayIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  id array = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+  if (!array) {
+    // Check again after getting the lock.
+    GPBPrepareReadOnlySemaphore(self);
+    dispatch_semaphore_wait(self->readOnlySemaphore_, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
+    array = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+    if (!array) {
+      array = CreateArrayForField(field, self);
+      GPBSetAutocreatedRetainedObjectIvarWithField(self, field, array);
+    }
+    dispatch_semaphore_signal(self->readOnlySemaphore_);
+  }
+  return array;
+}
+
+static id GetOrCreateMapIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                      GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                      GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+  id dict = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+  if (!dict) {
+    // No lock needed, this is called from places expecting to mutate
+    // so no threading protection is needed.
+    dict = CreateMapForField(field, nil);
+    GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, dict, syntax);
+  }
+  return dict;
+}
+
+// This is like GPBGetObjectIvarWithField(), but for maps, it should
+// only be used to wire the method into the class.
+static id GetMapIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  id dict = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+  if (!dict) {
+    // Check again after getting the lock.
+    GPBPrepareReadOnlySemaphore(self);
+    dispatch_semaphore_wait(self->readOnlySemaphore_, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
+    dict = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+    if (!dict) {
+      dict = CreateMapForField(field, self);
+      GPBSetAutocreatedRetainedObjectIvarWithField(self, field, dict);
+    }
+    dispatch_semaphore_signal(self->readOnlySemaphore_);
+  }
+  return dict;
+}
+
+#endif  // !defined(__clang_analyzer__)
+
+GPBMessage *GPBCreateMessageWithAutocreator(Class msgClass,
+                                            GPBMessage *autocreator,
+                                            GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  GPBMessage *message = [[msgClass alloc] init];
+  message->autocreator_ = autocreator;
+  message->autocreatorField_ = [field retain];
+  return message;
+}
+
+static GPBMessage *CreateMessageWithAutocreatorForExtension(
+    Class msgClass, GPBMessage *autocreator, GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension)
+    __attribute__((ns_returns_retained));
+
+static GPBMessage *CreateMessageWithAutocreatorForExtension(
+    Class msgClass, GPBMessage *autocreator,
+    GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension) {
+  GPBMessage *message = [[msgClass alloc] init];
+  message->autocreator_ = autocreator;
+  message->autocreatorExtension_ = [extension retain];
+  return message;
+}
+
+BOOL GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(GPBMessage *message, GPBMessage *parent) {
+  return (message->autocreator_ == parent);
+}
+
+void GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(GPBMessage *self) {
+  // Message objects that are implicitly created by accessing a message field
+  // are initially not visible via the hasX selector. This method makes them
+  // visible.
+  if (self->autocreator_) {
+    // This will recursively make all parent messages visible until it reaches a
+    // super-creator that's visible.
+    if (self->autocreatorField_) {
+      GPBFileSyntax syntax = [self->autocreator_ descriptor].file.syntax;
+      GPBSetObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(self->autocreator_,
+                                        self->autocreatorField_, self, syntax);
+    } else {
+      [self->autocreator_ setExtension:self->autocreatorExtension_ value:self];
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(GPBMessage *self, id array) {
+  // When one of our autocreated arrays adds elements, make it visible.
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [[self class] descriptor];
+  for (GPBFieldDescriptor *field in descriptor->fields_) {
+    if (field.fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+      id curArray = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+      if (curArray == array) {
+        if (GPBFieldDataTypeIsObject(field)) {
+          GPBAutocreatedArray *autoArray = array;
+          autoArray->_autocreator = nil;
+        } else {
+          GPBInt32Array *gpbArray = array;
+          gpbArray->_autocreator = nil;
+        }
+        GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  NSCAssert(NO, @"Unknown autocreated %@ for %@.", [array class], self);
+}
+
+void GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(GPBMessage *self, id dictionary) {
+  // When one of our autocreated dicts adds elements, make it visible.
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [[self class] descriptor];
+  for (GPBFieldDescriptor *field in descriptor->fields_) {
+    if (field.fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap) {
+      id curDict = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+      if (curDict == dictionary) {
+        if ((field.mapKeyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) &&
+            GPBFieldDataTypeIsObject(field)) {
+          GPBAutocreatedDictionary *autoDict = dictionary;
+          autoDict->_autocreator = nil;
+        } else {
+          GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *gpbDict = dictionary;
+          gpbDict->_autocreator = nil;
+        }
+        GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  NSCAssert(NO, @"Unknown autocreated %@ for %@.", [dictionary class], self);
+}
+
+void GPBClearMessageAutocreator(GPBMessage *self) {
+  if ((self == nil) || !self->autocreator_) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG && !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+  // Either the autocreator must have its "has" flag set to YES, or it must be
+  // NO and not equal to ourselves.
+  BOOL autocreatorHas =
+      (self->autocreatorField_
+           ? GPBGetHasIvarField(self->autocreator_, self->autocreatorField_)
+           : [self->autocreator_ hasExtension:self->autocreatorExtension_]);
+  GPBMessage *autocreatorFieldValue =
+      (self->autocreatorField_
+           ? GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self->autocreator_,
+                                                   self->autocreatorField_)
+           : [self->autocreator_->autocreatedExtensionMap_
+                 objectForKey:self->autocreatorExtension_]);
+  NSCAssert(autocreatorHas || autocreatorFieldValue != self,
+            @"Cannot clear autocreator because it still refers to self, self: %@.",
+            self);
+
+#endif  // DEBUG && !defined(NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS)
+
+  self->autocreator_ = nil;
+  [self->autocreatorField_ release];
+  self->autocreatorField_ = nil;
+  [self->autocreatorExtension_ release];
+  self->autocreatorExtension_ = nil;
+}
+
+// Call this before using the readOnlySemaphore_. This ensures it is created only once.
+void GPBPrepareReadOnlySemaphore(GPBMessage *self) {
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+  // Create the semaphore on demand (rather than init) as developers might not cause them
+  // to be needed, and the heap usage can add up.  The atomic swap is used to avoid needing
+  // another lock around creating it.
+  if (self->readOnlySemaphore_ == nil) {
+    dispatch_semaphore_t worker = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
+    dispatch_semaphore_t expected = nil;
+    if (!atomic_compare_exchange_strong(&self->readOnlySemaphore_, &expected, worker)) {
+      dispatch_release(worker);
+    }
+#if defined(__clang_analyzer__)
+    // The Xcode 9.2 (and 9.3 beta) static analyzer thinks worker is leaked
+    // (doesn't seem to know about atomic_compare_exchange_strong); so just
+    // for the analyzer, let it think worker is also released in this case.
+    else { dispatch_release(worker); }
+#endif
+  }
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+}
+
+static GPBUnknownFieldSet *GetOrMakeUnknownFields(GPBMessage *self) {
+  if (!self->unknownFields_) {
+    self->unknownFields_ = [[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init];
+    GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+  }
+  return self->unknownFields_;
+}
+
+@implementation GPBMessage
+
++ (void)initialize {
+  Class pbMessageClass = [GPBMessage class];
+  if ([self class] == pbMessageClass) {
+    // This is here to start up the "base" class descriptor.
+    [self descriptor];
+    // Message shares extension method resolving with GPBRootObject so insure
+    // it is started up at the same time.
+    (void)[GPBRootObject class];
+  } else if ([self superclass] == pbMessageClass) {
+    // This is here to start up all the "message" subclasses. Just needs to be
+    // done for the messages, not any of the subclasses.
+    // This must be done in initialize to enforce thread safety of start up of
+    // the protocol buffer library.
+    // Note: The generated code for -descriptor calls
+    // +[GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:...], passing the GPBRootObject
+    // subclass for the file.  That call chain is what ensures that *Root class
+    // is started up to support extension resolution off the message class
+    // (+resolveClassMethod: below) in a thread safe manner.
+    [self descriptor];
+  }
+}
+
++ (instancetype)allocWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  // Override alloc to allocate our classes with the additional storage
+  // required for the instance variables.
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [self descriptor];
+  return NSAllocateObject(self, descriptor->storageSize_, zone);
+}
+
++ (instancetype)alloc {
+  return [self allocWithZone:nil];
+}
+
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  // This is thread safe because it is called from +initialize.
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = NULL;
+  static GPBFileDescriptor *fileDescriptor = NULL;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    // Use a dummy file that marks it as proto2 syntax so when used generically
+    // it supports unknowns/etc.
+    fileDescriptor =
+        [[GPBFileDescriptor alloc] initWithPackage:@"internal"
+                                            syntax:GPBFileSyntaxProto2];
+
+    descriptor = [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBMessage class]
+                                              rootClass:Nil
+                                                   file:fileDescriptor
+                                                 fields:NULL
+                                             fieldCount:0
+                                            storageSize:0
+                                                  flags:0];
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
++ (instancetype)message {
+  return [[[self alloc] init] autorelease];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)init {
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+    messageStorage_ = (GPBMessage_StoragePtr)(
+        ((uint8_t *)self) + class_getInstanceSize([self class]));
+  }
+
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithData:(NSData *)data error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
+  return [self initWithData:data extensionRegistry:nil error:errorPtr];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithData:(NSData *)data
+           extensionRegistry:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry
+                       error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
+  if ((self = [self init])) {
+    @try {
+      [self mergeFromData:data extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+      if (errorPtr) {
+        *errorPtr = nil;
+      }
+    }
+    @catch (NSException *exception) {
+      [self release];
+      self = nil;
+      if (errorPtr) {
+        *errorPtr = ErrorFromException(exception);
+      }
+    }
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    if (self && !self.initialized) {
+      [self release];
+      self = nil;
+      if (errorPtr) {
+        *errorPtr = MessageError(GPBMessageErrorCodeMissingRequiredField, nil);
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCodedInputStream:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input
+                       extensionRegistry:
+                           (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry
+                                   error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
+  if ((self = [self init])) {
+    @try {
+      [self mergeFromCodedInputStream:input extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+      if (errorPtr) {
+        *errorPtr = nil;
+      }
+    }
+    @catch (NSException *exception) {
+      [self release];
+      self = nil;
+      if (errorPtr) {
+        *errorPtr = ErrorFromException(exception);
+      }
+    }
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    if (self && !self.initialized) {
+      [self release];
+      self = nil;
+      if (errorPtr) {
+        *errorPtr = MessageError(GPBMessageErrorCodeMissingRequiredField, nil);
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  [self internalClear:NO];
+  NSCAssert(!autocreator_, @"Autocreator was not cleared before dealloc.");
+  if (readOnlySemaphore_) {
+    dispatch_release(readOnlySemaphore_);
+  }
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (void)copyFieldsInto:(GPBMessage *)message
+                  zone:(NSZone *)zone
+            descriptor:(GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  // Copy all the storage...
+  memcpy(message->messageStorage_, messageStorage_, descriptor->storageSize_);
+
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = descriptor.file.syntax;
+
+  // Loop over the fields doing fixup...
+  for (GPBFieldDescriptor *field in descriptor->fields_) {
+    if (GPBFieldIsMapOrArray(field)) {
+      id value = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+      if (value) {
+        // We need to copy the array/map, but the catch is for message fields,
+        // we also need to ensure all the messages as those need copying also.
+        id newValue;
+        if (GPBFieldDataTypeIsMessage(field)) {
+          if (field.fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+            NSArray *existingArray = (NSArray *)value;
+            NSMutableArray *newArray =
+                [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:existingArray.count];
+            newValue = newArray;
+            for (GPBMessage *msg in existingArray) {
+              GPBMessage *copiedMsg = [msg copyWithZone:zone];
+              [newArray addObject:copiedMsg];
+              [copiedMsg release];
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (field.mapKeyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) {
+              // Map is an NSDictionary.
+              NSDictionary *existingDict = value;
+              NSMutableDictionary *newDict = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]
+                  initWithCapacity:existingDict.count];
+              newValue = newDict;
+              [existingDict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(NSString *key,
+                                                                GPBMessage *msg,
+                                                                BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(stop)
+                GPBMessage *copiedMsg = [msg copyWithZone:zone];
+                [newDict setObject:copiedMsg forKey:key];
+                [copiedMsg release];
+              }];
+            } else {
+              // Is one of the GPB*ObjectDictionary classes.  Type doesn't
+              // matter, just need one to invoke the selector.
+              GPBInt32ObjectDictionary *existingDict = value;
+              newValue = [existingDict deepCopyWithZone:zone];
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          // Not messages (but is a map/array)...
+          if (field.fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+            if (GPBFieldDataTypeIsObject(field)) {
+              // NSArray
+              newValue = [value mutableCopyWithZone:zone];
+            } else {
+              // GPB*Array
+              newValue = [value copyWithZone:zone];
+            }
+          } else {
+            if ((field.mapKeyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) &&
+                GPBFieldDataTypeIsObject(field)) {
+              // NSDictionary
+              newValue = [value mutableCopyWithZone:zone];
+            } else {
+              // Is one of the GPB*Dictionary classes.  Type doesn't matter,
+              // just need one to invoke the selector.
+              GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *existingDict = value;
+              newValue = [existingDict copyWithZone:zone];
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        // We retain here because the memcpy picked up the pointer value and
+        // the next call to SetRetainedObject... will release the current value.
+        [value retain];
+        GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(message, field, newValue,
+                                                  syntax);
+      }
+    } else if (GPBFieldDataTypeIsMessage(field)) {
+      // For object types, if we have a value, copy it.  If we don't,
+      // zero it to remove the pointer to something that was autocreated
+      // (and the ptr just got memcpyed).
+      if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+        GPBMessage *value = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        GPBMessage *newValue = [value copyWithZone:zone];
+        // We retain here because the memcpy picked up the pointer value and
+        // the next call to SetRetainedObject... will release the current value.
+        [value retain];
+        GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(message, field, newValue,
+                                                  syntax);
+      } else {
+        uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)message->messageStorage_;
+        id *typePtr = (id *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+        *typePtr = NULL;
+      }
+    } else if (GPBFieldDataTypeIsObject(field) &&
+               GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+      // A set string/data value (message picked off above), copy it.
+      id value = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+      id newValue = [value copyWithZone:zone];
+      // We retain here because the memcpy picked up the pointer value and
+      // the next call to SetRetainedObject... will release the current value.
+      [value retain];
+      GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(message, field, newValue,
+                                                syntax);
+    } else {
+      // memcpy took care of the rest of the primitive fields if they were set.
+    }
+  }  // for (field in descriptor->fields_)
+}
+
+- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [self descriptor];
+  GPBMessage *result = [[descriptor.messageClass allocWithZone:zone] init];
+
+  [self copyFieldsInto:result zone:zone descriptor:descriptor];
+  // Make immutable copies of the extra bits.
+  result->unknownFields_ = [unknownFields_ copyWithZone:zone];
+  result->extensionMap_ = CloneExtensionMap(extensionMap_, zone);
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)clear {
+  [self internalClear:YES];
+}
+
+- (void)internalClear:(BOOL)zeroStorage {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [self descriptor];
+  for (GPBFieldDescriptor *field in descriptor->fields_) {
+    if (GPBFieldIsMapOrArray(field)) {
+      id arrayOrMap = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+      if (arrayOrMap) {
+        if (field.fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+          if (GPBFieldDataTypeIsObject(field)) {
+            if ([arrayOrMap isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]) {
+              GPBAutocreatedArray *autoArray = arrayOrMap;
+              if (autoArray->_autocreator == self) {
+                autoArray->_autocreator = nil;
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            // Type doesn't matter, it is a GPB*Array.
+            GPBInt32Array *gpbArray = arrayOrMap;
+            if (gpbArray->_autocreator == self) {
+              gpbArray->_autocreator = nil;
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          if ((field.mapKeyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) &&
+              GPBFieldDataTypeIsObject(field)) {
+            if ([arrayOrMap isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]) {
+              GPBAutocreatedDictionary *autoDict = arrayOrMap;
+              if (autoDict->_autocreator == self) {
+                autoDict->_autocreator = nil;
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            // Type doesn't matter, it is a GPB*Dictionary.
+            GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *gpbDict = arrayOrMap;
+            if (gpbDict->_autocreator == self) {
+              gpbDict->_autocreator = nil;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        [arrayOrMap release];
+      }
+    } else if (GPBFieldDataTypeIsMessage(field)) {
+      GPBClearAutocreatedMessageIvarWithField(self, field);
+      GPBMessage *value = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+      [value release];
+    } else if (GPBFieldDataTypeIsObject(field) &&
+               GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+      id value = GPBGetObjectIvarWithField(self, field);
+      [value release];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // GPBClearMessageAutocreator() expects that its caller has already been
+  // removed from autocreatedExtensionMap_ so we set to nil first.
+  NSArray *autocreatedValues = [autocreatedExtensionMap_ allValues];
+  [autocreatedExtensionMap_ release];
+  autocreatedExtensionMap_ = nil;
+
+  // Since we're clearing all of our extensions, make sure that we clear the
+  // autocreator on any that we've created so they no longer refer to us.
+  for (GPBMessage *value in autocreatedValues) {
+    NSCAssert(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(value, self),
+              @"Autocreated extension does not refer back to self.");
+    GPBClearMessageAutocreator(value);
+  }
+
+  [extensionMap_ release];
+  extensionMap_ = nil;
+  [unknownFields_ release];
+  unknownFields_ = nil;
+
+  // Note that clearing does not affect autocreator_. If we are being cleared
+  // because of a dealloc, then autocreator_ should be nil anyway. If we are
+  // being cleared because someone explicitly clears us, we don't want to
+  // sever our relationship with our autocreator.
+
+  if (zeroStorage) {
+    memset(messageStorage_, 0, descriptor->storageSize_);
+  }
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isInitialized {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [self descriptor];
+  for (GPBFieldDescriptor *field in descriptor->fields_) {
+    if (field.isRequired) {
+      if (!GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+        return NO;
+      }
+    }
+    if (GPBFieldDataTypeIsMessage(field)) {
+      GPBFieldType fieldType = field.fieldType;
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        if (field.isRequired) {
+          GPBMessage *message = GPBGetMessageMessageField(self, field);
+          if (!message.initialized) {
+            return NO;
+          }
+        } else {
+          NSAssert(field.isOptional,
+                   @"%@: Single message field %@ not required or optional?",
+                   [self class], field.name);
+          if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+            GPBMessage *message = GPBGetMessageMessageField(self, field);
+            if (!message.initialized) {
+              return NO;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        NSArray *array = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        for (GPBMessage *message in array) {
+          if (!message.initialized) {
+            return NO;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        if (field.mapKeyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) {
+          NSDictionary *map =
+              GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+          if (map && !GPBDictionaryIsInitializedInternalHelper(map, field)) {
+            return NO;
+          }
+        } else {
+          // Real type is GPB*ObjectDictionary, exact type doesn't matter.
+          GPBInt32ObjectDictionary *map =
+              GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+          if (map && ![map isInitialized]) {
+            return NO;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  __block BOOL result = YES;
+  [extensionMap_
+      enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension,
+                                          id obj,
+                                          BOOL *stop) {
+        if (GPBExtensionIsMessage(extension)) {
+          if (extension.isRepeated) {
+            for (GPBMessage *msg in obj) {
+              if (!msg.initialized) {
+                result = NO;
+                *stop = YES;
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            GPBMessage *asMsg = obj;
+            if (!asMsg.initialized) {
+              result = NO;
+              *stop = YES;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  return [[self class] descriptor];
+}
+
+- (NSData *)data {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  if (!self.initialized) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+#endif
+  NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:[self serializedSize]];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream *stream =
+      [[GPBCodedOutputStream alloc] initWithData:data];
+  @try {
+    [self writeToCodedOutputStream:stream];
+  }
+  @catch (NSException *exception) {
+    // This really shouldn't happen. The only way writeToCodedOutputStream:
+    // could throw is if something in the library has a bug and the
+    // serializedSize was wrong.
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    NSLog(@"%@: Internal exception while building message data: %@",
+          [self class], exception);
+#endif
+    data = nil;
+  }
+  [stream release];
+  return data;
+}
+
+- (NSData *)delimitedData {
+  size_t serializedSize = [self serializedSize];
+  size_t varintSize = GPBComputeRawVarint32SizeForInteger(serializedSize);
+  NSMutableData *data =
+      [NSMutableData dataWithLength:(serializedSize + varintSize)];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream *stream =
+      [[GPBCodedOutputStream alloc] initWithData:data];
+  @try {
+    [self writeDelimitedToCodedOutputStream:stream];
+  }
+  @catch (NSException *exception) {
+    // This really shouldn't happen.  The only way writeToCodedOutputStream:
+    // could throw is if something in the library has a bug and the
+    // serializedSize was wrong.
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    NSLog(@"%@: Internal exception while building message delimitedData: %@",
+          [self class], exception);
+#endif
+    // If it happens, truncate.
+    data.length = 0;
+  }
+  [stream release];
+  return data;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToOutputStream:(NSOutputStream *)output {
+  GPBCodedOutputStream *stream =
+      [[GPBCodedOutputStream alloc] initWithOutputStream:output];
+  [self writeToCodedOutputStream:stream];
+  [stream release];
+}
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)output {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [self descriptor];
+  NSArray *fieldsArray = descriptor->fields_;
+  NSUInteger fieldCount = fieldsArray.count;
+  const GPBExtensionRange *extensionRanges = descriptor.extensionRanges;
+  NSUInteger extensionRangesCount = descriptor.extensionRangesCount;
+  NSArray *sortedExtensions =
+      [[extensionMap_ allKeys] sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compareByFieldNumber:)];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0, j = 0; i < fieldCount || j < extensionRangesCount;) {
+    if (i == fieldCount) {
+      [self writeExtensionsToCodedOutputStream:output
+                                         range:extensionRanges[j++]
+                              sortedExtensions:sortedExtensions];
+    } else if (j == extensionRangesCount ||
+               GPBFieldNumber(fieldsArray[i]) < extensionRanges[j].start) {
+      [self writeField:fieldsArray[i++] toCodedOutputStream:output];
+    } else {
+      [self writeExtensionsToCodedOutputStream:output
+                                         range:extensionRanges[j++]
+                              sortedExtensions:sortedExtensions];
+    }
+  }
+  if (descriptor.isWireFormat) {
+    [unknownFields_ writeAsMessageSetTo:output];
+  } else {
+    [unknownFields_ writeToCodedOutputStream:output];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)writeDelimitedToOutputStream:(NSOutputStream *)output {
+  GPBCodedOutputStream *codedOutput =
+      [[GPBCodedOutputStream alloc] initWithOutputStream:output];
+  [self writeDelimitedToCodedOutputStream:codedOutput];
+  [codedOutput release];
+}
+
+- (void)writeDelimitedToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)output {
+  [output writeRawVarintSizeTAs32:[self serializedSize]];
+  [self writeToCodedOutputStream:output];
+}
+
+- (void)writeField:(GPBFieldDescriptor *)field
+    toCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)output {
+  GPBFieldType fieldType = field.fieldType;
+  if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+    BOOL has = GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field);
+    if (!has) {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  uint32_t fieldNumber = GPBFieldNumber(field);
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE FIELD_CASE(TYPE, REAL_TYPE)
+//%FIELD_CASE_FULL(TYPE, REAL_TYPE, REAL_TYPE)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE FIELD_CASE_FULL(TYPE, REAL_TYPE, ARRAY_TYPE)
+//%    case GPBDataType##TYPE:
+//%      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+//%        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+//%        GPB##ARRAY_TYPE##Array *array =
+//%            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+//%        [output write##TYPE##Array:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+//%      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+//%        [output write##TYPE:fieldNumber
+//%              TYPE$S  value:GPBGetMessage##REAL_TYPE##Field(self, field)];
+//%      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+//%        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+//%        GPBInt32##ARRAY_TYPE##Dictionary *dict =
+//%            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+//%        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+//%      }
+//%      break;
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE FIELD_CASE2(TYPE)
+//%    case GPBDataType##TYPE:
+//%      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+//%        NSArray *array = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+//%        [output write##TYPE##Array:fieldNumber values:array];
+//%      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+//%        // GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate() avoids doing the has check
+//%        // again.
+//%        [output write##TYPE:fieldNumber
+//%              TYPE$S  value:GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field)];
+//%      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+//%        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+//%        id dict = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+//%        GPBDataType mapKeyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+//%        if (mapKeyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) {
+//%          GPBDictionaryWriteToStreamInternalHelper(output, dict, field);
+//%        } else {
+//%          [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+//%        }
+//%      }
+//%      break;
+//%
+
+  switch (GPBGetFieldDataType(field)) {
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE(Bool, Bool)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeBool:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+        GPBBoolArray *array =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeBoolArray:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        [output writeBool:fieldNumber
+                    value:GPBGetMessageBoolField(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE(Fixed32, UInt32)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+        GPBUInt32Array *array =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeFixed32Array:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        [output writeFixed32:fieldNumber
+                       value:GPBGetMessageUInt32Field(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE(SFixed32, Int32)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+        GPBInt32Array *array =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeSFixed32Array:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        [output writeSFixed32:fieldNumber
+                        value:GPBGetMessageInt32Field(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE(Float, Float)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+        GPBFloatArray *array =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeFloatArray:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        [output writeFloat:fieldNumber
+                     value:GPBGetMessageFloatField(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE(Fixed64, UInt64)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+        GPBUInt64Array *array =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeFixed64Array:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        [output writeFixed64:fieldNumber
+                       value:GPBGetMessageUInt64Field(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE(SFixed64, Int64)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+        GPBInt64Array *array =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeSFixed64Array:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        [output writeSFixed64:fieldNumber
+                        value:GPBGetMessageInt64Field(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE(Double, Double)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+        GPBDoubleArray *array =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeDoubleArray:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        [output writeDouble:fieldNumber
+                      value:GPBGetMessageDoubleField(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE(Int32, Int32)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+        GPBInt32Array *array =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeInt32Array:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        [output writeInt32:fieldNumber
+                     value:GPBGetMessageInt32Field(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE(Int64, Int64)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+        GPBInt64Array *array =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeInt64Array:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        [output writeInt64:fieldNumber
+                     value:GPBGetMessageInt64Field(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE(SInt32, Int32)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+        GPBInt32Array *array =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeSInt32Array:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        [output writeSInt32:fieldNumber
+                      value:GPBGetMessageInt32Field(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE(SInt64, Int64)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+        GPBInt64Array *array =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeSInt64Array:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        [output writeSInt64:fieldNumber
+                      value:GPBGetMessageInt64Field(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE(UInt32, UInt32)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+        GPBUInt32Array *array =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeUInt32Array:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        [output writeUInt32:fieldNumber
+                      value:GPBGetMessageUInt32Field(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE(UInt64, UInt64)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+        GPBUInt64Array *array =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeUInt64Array:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        [output writeUInt64:fieldNumber
+                      value:GPBGetMessageUInt64Field(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE_FULL(Enum, Int32, Enum)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        uint32_t tag = field.isPackable ? GPBFieldTag(field) : 0;
+        GPBEnumArray *array =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeEnumArray:fieldNumber values:array tag:tag];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        [output writeEnum:fieldNumber
+                    value:GPBGetMessageInt32Field(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE2(Bytes)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        NSArray *array = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeBytesArray:fieldNumber values:array];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        // GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate() avoids doing the has check
+        // again.
+        [output writeBytes:fieldNumber
+                     value:GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        id dict = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        GPBDataType mapKeyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+        if (mapKeyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) {
+          GPBDictionaryWriteToStreamInternalHelper(output, dict, field);
+        } else {
+          [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE2(String)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeString:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        NSArray *array = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeStringArray:fieldNumber values:array];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        // GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate() avoids doing the has check
+        // again.
+        [output writeString:fieldNumber
+                      value:GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        id dict = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        GPBDataType mapKeyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+        if (mapKeyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) {
+          GPBDictionaryWriteToStreamInternalHelper(output, dict, field);
+        } else {
+          [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE2(Message)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        NSArray *array = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeMessageArray:fieldNumber values:array];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        // GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate() avoids doing the has check
+        // again.
+        [output writeMessage:fieldNumber
+                       value:GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        id dict = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        GPBDataType mapKeyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+        if (mapKeyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) {
+          GPBDictionaryWriteToStreamInternalHelper(output, dict, field);
+        } else {
+          [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND FIELD_CASE2(Group)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+    case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+      if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        NSArray *array = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [output writeGroupArray:fieldNumber values:array];
+      } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+        // GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate() avoids doing the has check
+        // again.
+        [output writeGroup:fieldNumber
+                     value:GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field)];
+      } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // Exact type here doesn't matter.
+        id dict = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        GPBDataType mapKeyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+        if (mapKeyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) {
+          GPBDictionaryWriteToStreamInternalHelper(output, dict, field);
+        } else {
+          [dict writeToCodedOutputStream:output asField:field];
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (18 expansions)
+  }
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Extensions
+
+- (id)getExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension {
+  CheckExtension(self, extension);
+  id value = [extensionMap_ objectForKey:extension];
+  if (value != nil) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  // No default for repeated.
+  if (extension.isRepeated) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+  // Non messages get their default.
+  if (!GPBExtensionIsMessage(extension)) {
+    return extension.defaultValue;
+  }
+
+  // Check for an autocreated value.
+  GPBPrepareReadOnlySemaphore(self);
+  dispatch_semaphore_wait(readOnlySemaphore_, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
+  value = [autocreatedExtensionMap_ objectForKey:extension];
+  if (!value) {
+    // Auto create the message extensions to match normal fields.
+    value = CreateMessageWithAutocreatorForExtension(extension.msgClass, self,
+                                                     extension);
+
+    if (autocreatedExtensionMap_ == nil) {
+      autocreatedExtensionMap_ = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+    }
+
+    // We can't simply call setExtension here because that would clear the new
+    // value's autocreator.
+    [autocreatedExtensionMap_ setObject:value forKey:extension];
+    [value release];
+  }
+
+  dispatch_semaphore_signal(readOnlySemaphore_);
+  return value;
+}
+
+- (id)getExistingExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension {
+  // This is an internal method so we don't need to call CheckExtension().
+  return [extensionMap_ objectForKey:extension];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)hasExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  CheckExtension(self, extension);
+#endif  // DEBUG
+  return nil != [extensionMap_ objectForKey:extension];
+}
+
+- (NSArray *)extensionsCurrentlySet {
+  return [extensionMap_ allKeys];
+}
+
+- (void)writeExtensionsToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)output
+                                     range:(GPBExtensionRange)range
+                          sortedExtensions:(NSArray *)sortedExtensions {
+  uint32_t start = range.start;
+  uint32_t end = range.end;
+  for (GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension in sortedExtensions) {
+    uint32_t fieldNumber = extension.fieldNumber;
+    if (fieldNumber < start) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (fieldNumber >= end) {
+      break;
+    }
+    id value = [extensionMap_ objectForKey:extension];
+    GPBWriteExtensionValueToOutputStream(extension, value, output);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension value:(id)value {
+  if (!value) {
+    [self clearExtension:extension];
+    return;
+  }
+
+  CheckExtension(self, extension);
+
+  if (extension.repeated) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Must call addExtension() for repeated types."];
+  }
+
+  if (extensionMap_ == nil) {
+    extensionMap_ = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+  }
+
+  // This pointless cast is for CLANG_WARN_NULLABLE_TO_NONNULL_CONVERSION.
+  // Without it, the compiler complains we're passing an id nullable when
+  // setObject:forKey: requires a id nonnull for the value. The check for
+  // !value at the start of the method ensures it isn't nil, but the check
+  // isn't smart enough to realize that.
+  [extensionMap_ setObject:(id)value forKey:extension];
+
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *descriptor = extension;
+
+  if (GPBExtensionIsMessage(descriptor) && !descriptor.isRepeated) {
+    GPBMessage *autocreatedValue =
+        [[autocreatedExtensionMap_ objectForKey:extension] retain];
+    // Must remove from the map before calling GPBClearMessageAutocreator() so
+    // that GPBClearMessageAutocreator() knows its safe to clear.
+    [autocreatedExtensionMap_ removeObjectForKey:extension];
+    GPBClearMessageAutocreator(autocreatedValue);
+    [autocreatedValue release];
+  }
+
+  GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+}
+
+- (void)addExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension value:(id)value {
+  CheckExtension(self, extension);
+
+  if (!extension.repeated) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Must call setExtension() for singular types."];
+  }
+
+  if (extensionMap_ == nil) {
+    extensionMap_ = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+  }
+  NSMutableArray *list = [extensionMap_ objectForKey:extension];
+  if (list == nil) {
+    list = [NSMutableArray array];
+    [extensionMap_ setObject:list forKey:extension];
+  }
+
+  [list addObject:value];
+  GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+}
+
+- (void)setExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension
+               index:(NSUInteger)idx
+               value:(id)value {
+  CheckExtension(self, extension);
+
+  if (!extension.repeated) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Must call setExtension() for singular types."];
+  }
+
+  if (extensionMap_ == nil) {
+    extensionMap_ = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
+  }
+
+  NSMutableArray *list = [extensionMap_ objectForKey:extension];
+
+  [list replaceObjectAtIndex:idx withObject:value];
+  GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+}
+
+- (void)clearExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension {
+  CheckExtension(self, extension);
+
+  // Only become visible if there was actually a value to clear.
+  if ([extensionMap_ objectForKey:extension]) {
+    [extensionMap_ removeObjectForKey:extension];
+    GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+  }
+}
+
+#pragma mark - mergeFrom
+
+- (void)mergeFromData:(NSData *)data
+    extensionRegistry:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry {
+  GPBCodedInputStream *input = [[GPBCodedInputStream alloc] initWithData:data];
+  [self mergeFromCodedInputStream:input extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+  [input checkLastTagWas:0];
+  [input release];
+}
+
+#pragma mark - mergeDelimitedFrom
+
+- (void)mergeDelimitedFromCodedInputStream:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input
+                         extensionRegistry:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry {
+  GPBCodedInputStreamState *state = &input->state_;
+  if (GPBCodedInputStreamIsAtEnd(state)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  NSData *data = GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedBytesNoCopy(state);
+  if (data == nil) {
+    return;
+  }
+  [self mergeFromData:data extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+  [data release];
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Parse From Data Support
+
++ (instancetype)parseFromData:(NSData *)data error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
+  return [self parseFromData:data extensionRegistry:nil error:errorPtr];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)parseFromData:(NSData *)data
+            extensionRegistry:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry
+                        error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithData:data
+                   extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry
+                               error:errorPtr] autorelease];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)parseFromCodedInputStream:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input
+                        extensionRegistry:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry
+                                    error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
+  return
+      [[[self alloc] initWithCodedInputStream:input
+                            extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry
+                                        error:errorPtr] autorelease];
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Parse Delimited From Data Support
+
++ (instancetype)parseDelimitedFromCodedInputStream:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input
+                                 extensionRegistry:
+                                     (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry
+                                             error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
+  GPBMessage *message = [[[self alloc] init] autorelease];
+  @try {
+    [message mergeDelimitedFromCodedInputStream:input
+                              extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+    if (errorPtr) {
+      *errorPtr = nil;
+    }
+  }
+  @catch (NSException *exception) {
+    message = nil;
+    if (errorPtr) {
+      *errorPtr = ErrorFromException(exception);
+    }
+  }
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  if (message && !message.initialized) {
+    message = nil;
+    if (errorPtr) {
+      *errorPtr = MessageError(GPBMessageErrorCodeMissingRequiredField, nil);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  return message;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Unknown Field Support
+
+- (GPBUnknownFieldSet *)unknownFields {
+  return unknownFields_;
+}
+
+- (void)setUnknownFields:(GPBUnknownFieldSet *)unknownFields {
+  if (unknownFields != unknownFields_) {
+    [unknownFields_ release];
+    unknownFields_ = [unknownFields copy];
+    GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)parseMessageSet:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input
+      extensionRegistry:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry {
+  uint32_t typeId = 0;
+  NSData *rawBytes = nil;
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension = nil;
+  GPBCodedInputStreamState *state = &input->state_;
+  while (true) {
+    uint32_t tag = GPBCodedInputStreamReadTag(state);
+    if (tag == 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (tag == GPBWireFormatMessageSetTypeIdTag) {
+      typeId = GPBCodedInputStreamReadUInt32(state);
+      if (typeId != 0) {
+        extension = [extensionRegistry extensionForDescriptor:[self descriptor]
+                                                  fieldNumber:typeId];
+      }
+    } else if (tag == GPBWireFormatMessageSetMessageTag) {
+      rawBytes =
+          [GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedBytesNoCopy(state) autorelease];
+    } else {
+      if (![input skipField:tag]) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  [input checkLastTagWas:GPBWireFormatMessageSetItemEndTag];
+
+  if (rawBytes != nil && typeId != 0) {
+    if (extension != nil) {
+      GPBCodedInputStream *newInput =
+          [[GPBCodedInputStream alloc] initWithData:rawBytes];
+      GPBExtensionMergeFromInputStream(extension,
+                                       extension.packable,
+                                       newInput,
+                                       extensionRegistry,
+                                       self);
+      [newInput release];
+    } else {
+      GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknownFields = GetOrMakeUnknownFields(self);
+      // rawBytes was created via a NoCopy, so it can be reusing a
+      // subrange of another NSData that might go out of scope as things
+      // unwind, so a copy is needed to ensure what is saved in the
+      // unknown fields stays valid.
+      NSData *cloned = [NSData dataWithData:rawBytes];
+      [unknownFields mergeMessageSetMessage:typeId data:cloned];
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (BOOL)parseUnknownField:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input
+        extensionRegistry:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry
+                      tag:(uint32_t)tag {
+  GPBWireFormat wireType = GPBWireFormatGetTagWireType(tag);
+  int32_t fieldNumber = GPBWireFormatGetTagFieldNumber(tag);
+
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [self descriptor];
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension =
+      [extensionRegistry extensionForDescriptor:descriptor
+                                    fieldNumber:fieldNumber];
+  if (extension == nil) {
+    if (descriptor.wireFormat && GPBWireFormatMessageSetItemTag == tag) {
+      [self parseMessageSet:input extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+      return YES;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (extension.wireType == wireType) {
+      GPBExtensionMergeFromInputStream(extension,
+                                       extension.packable,
+                                       input,
+                                       extensionRegistry,
+                                       self);
+      return YES;
+    }
+    // Primitive, repeated types can be packed on unpacked on the wire, and are
+    // parsed either way.
+    if ([extension isRepeated] &&
+        !GPBDataTypeIsObject(extension->description_->dataType) &&
+        (extension.alternateWireType == wireType)) {
+      GPBExtensionMergeFromInputStream(extension,
+                                       !extension.packable,
+                                       input,
+                                       extensionRegistry,
+                                       self);
+      return YES;
+    }
+  }
+  if ([GPBUnknownFieldSet isFieldTag:tag]) {
+    GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknownFields = GetOrMakeUnknownFields(self);
+    return [unknownFields mergeFieldFrom:tag input:input];
+  } else {
+    return NO;
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addUnknownMapEntry:(int32_t)fieldNum value:(NSData *)data {
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknownFields = GetOrMakeUnknownFields(self);
+  [unknownFields addUnknownMapEntry:fieldNum value:data];
+}
+
+#pragma mark - MergeFromCodedInputStream Support
+
+static void MergeSingleFieldFromCodedInputStream(
+    GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, GPBFileSyntax syntax,
+    GPBCodedInputStream *input, GPBExtensionRegistry *extensionRegistry) {
+  GPBDataType fieldDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  switch (fieldDataType) {
+#define CASE_SINGLE_POD(NAME, TYPE, FUNC_TYPE)                             \
+    case GPBDataType##NAME: {                                              \
+      TYPE val = GPBCodedInputStreamRead##NAME(&input->state_);            \
+      GPBSet##FUNC_TYPE##IvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, val, syntax);  \
+      break;                                                               \
+            }
+#define CASE_SINGLE_OBJECT(NAME)                                           \
+    case GPBDataType##NAME: {                                              \
+      id val = GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetained##NAME(&input->state_);      \
+      GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, val, syntax); \
+      break;                                                               \
+    }
+      CASE_SINGLE_POD(Bool, BOOL, Bool)
+      CASE_SINGLE_POD(Fixed32, uint32_t, UInt32)
+      CASE_SINGLE_POD(SFixed32, int32_t, Int32)
+      CASE_SINGLE_POD(Float, float, Float)
+      CASE_SINGLE_POD(Fixed64, uint64_t, UInt64)
+      CASE_SINGLE_POD(SFixed64, int64_t, Int64)
+      CASE_SINGLE_POD(Double, double, Double)
+      CASE_SINGLE_POD(Int32, int32_t, Int32)
+      CASE_SINGLE_POD(Int64, int64_t, Int64)
+      CASE_SINGLE_POD(SInt32, int32_t, Int32)
+      CASE_SINGLE_POD(SInt64, int64_t, Int64)
+      CASE_SINGLE_POD(UInt32, uint32_t, UInt32)
+      CASE_SINGLE_POD(UInt64, uint64_t, UInt64)
+      CASE_SINGLE_OBJECT(Bytes)
+      CASE_SINGLE_OBJECT(String)
+#undef CASE_SINGLE_POD
+#undef CASE_SINGLE_OBJECT
+
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage: {
+      if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+        // GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate() avoids doing the has
+        // check again.
+        GPBMessage *message =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [input readMessage:message extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+      } else {
+        GPBMessage *message = [[field.msgClass alloc] init];
+        [input readMessage:message extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+        GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, message, syntax);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case GPBDataTypeGroup: {
+      if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+        // GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate() avoids doing the has
+        // check again.
+        GPBMessage *message =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+        [input readGroup:GPBFieldNumber(field)
+                      message:message
+            extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+      } else {
+        GPBMessage *message = [[field.msgClass alloc] init];
+        [input readGroup:GPBFieldNumber(field)
+                      message:message
+            extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+        GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, message, syntax);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case GPBDataTypeEnum: {
+      int32_t val = GPBCodedInputStreamReadEnum(&input->state_);
+      if (GPBHasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(syntax) ||
+          [field isValidEnumValue:val]) {
+        GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, val, syntax);
+      } else {
+        GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknownFields = GetOrMakeUnknownFields(self);
+        [unknownFields mergeVarintField:GPBFieldNumber(field) value:val];
+      }
+    }
+  }  // switch
+}
+
+static void MergeRepeatedPackedFieldFromCodedInputStream(
+    GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, GPBFileSyntax syntax,
+    GPBCodedInputStream *input) {
+  GPBDataType fieldDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  GPBCodedInputStreamState *state = &input->state_;
+  id genericArray = GetOrCreateArrayIvarWithField(self, field, syntax);
+  int32_t length = GPBCodedInputStreamReadInt32(state);
+  size_t limit = GPBCodedInputStreamPushLimit(state, length);
+  while (GPBCodedInputStreamBytesUntilLimit(state) > 0) {
+    switch (fieldDataType) {
+#define CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD(NAME, TYPE, ARRAY_TYPE)      \
+     case GPBDataType##NAME: {                                \
+       TYPE val = GPBCodedInputStreamRead##NAME(state);       \
+       [(GPB##ARRAY_TYPE##Array *)genericArray addValue:val]; \
+       break;                                                 \
+     }
+        CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD(Bool, BOOL, Bool)
+        CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD(Fixed32, uint32_t, UInt32)
+        CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD(SFixed32, int32_t, Int32)
+        CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD(Float, float, Float)
+        CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD(Fixed64, uint64_t, UInt64)
+        CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD(SFixed64, int64_t, Int64)
+        CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD(Double, double, Double)
+        CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD(Int32, int32_t, Int32)
+        CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD(Int64, int64_t, Int64)
+        CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD(SInt32, int32_t, Int32)
+        CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD(SInt64, int64_t, Int64)
+        CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD(UInt32, uint32_t, UInt32)
+        CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD(UInt64, uint64_t, UInt64)
+#undef CASE_REPEATED_PACKED_POD
+
+      case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+      case GPBDataTypeString:
+      case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+      case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+        NSCAssert(NO, @"Non primitive types can't be packed");
+        break;
+
+      case GPBDataTypeEnum: {
+        int32_t val = GPBCodedInputStreamReadEnum(state);
+        if (GPBHasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(syntax) ||
+            [field isValidEnumValue:val]) {
+          [(GPBEnumArray*)genericArray addRawValue:val];
+        } else {
+          GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknownFields = GetOrMakeUnknownFields(self);
+          [unknownFields mergeVarintField:GPBFieldNumber(field) value:val];
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while(BytesUntilLimit() > 0)
+  GPBCodedInputStreamPopLimit(state, limit);
+}
+
+static void MergeRepeatedNotPackedFieldFromCodedInputStream(
+    GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, GPBFileSyntax syntax,
+    GPBCodedInputStream *input, GPBExtensionRegistry *extensionRegistry) {
+  GPBCodedInputStreamState *state = &input->state_;
+  id genericArray = GetOrCreateArrayIvarWithField(self, field, syntax);
+  switch (GPBGetFieldDataType(field)) {
+#define CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD(NAME, TYPE, ARRAY_TYPE) \
+   case GPBDataType##NAME: {                                 \
+     TYPE val = GPBCodedInputStreamRead##NAME(state);        \
+     [(GPB##ARRAY_TYPE##Array *)genericArray addValue:val];  \
+     break;                                                  \
+   }
+#define CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_OBJECT(NAME)                \
+   case GPBDataType##NAME: {                                 \
+     id val = GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetained##NAME(state);  \
+     [(NSMutableArray*)genericArray addObject:val];          \
+     [val release];                                          \
+     break;                                                  \
+   }
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD(Bool, BOOL, Bool)
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD(Fixed32, uint32_t, UInt32)
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD(SFixed32, int32_t, Int32)
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD(Float, float, Float)
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD(Fixed64, uint64_t, UInt64)
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD(SFixed64, int64_t, Int64)
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD(Double, double, Double)
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD(Int32, int32_t, Int32)
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD(Int64, int64_t, Int64)
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD(SInt32, int32_t, Int32)
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD(SInt64, int64_t, Int64)
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD(UInt32, uint32_t, UInt32)
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD(UInt64, uint64_t, UInt64)
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_OBJECT(Bytes)
+      CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_OBJECT(String)
+#undef CASE_REPEATED_NOT_PACKED_POD
+#undef CASE_NOT_PACKED_OBJECT
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage: {
+      GPBMessage *message = [[field.msgClass alloc] init];
+      [input readMessage:message extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+      [(NSMutableArray*)genericArray addObject:message];
+      [message release];
+      break;
+    }
+    case GPBDataTypeGroup: {
+      GPBMessage *message = [[field.msgClass alloc] init];
+      [input readGroup:GPBFieldNumber(field)
+                    message:message
+          extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry];
+      [(NSMutableArray*)genericArray addObject:message];
+      [message release];
+      break;
+    }
+    case GPBDataTypeEnum: {
+      int32_t val = GPBCodedInputStreamReadEnum(state);
+      if (GPBHasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(syntax) ||
+          [field isValidEnumValue:val]) {
+        [(GPBEnumArray*)genericArray addRawValue:val];
+      } else {
+        GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknownFields = GetOrMakeUnknownFields(self);
+        [unknownFields mergeVarintField:GPBFieldNumber(field) value:val];
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }  // switch
+}
+
+- (void)mergeFromCodedInputStream:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input
+                extensionRegistry:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [self descriptor];
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = descriptor.file.syntax;
+  GPBCodedInputStreamState *state = &input->state_;
+  uint32_t tag = 0;
+  NSUInteger startingIndex = 0;
+  NSArray *fields = descriptor->fields_;
+  NSUInteger numFields = fields.count;
+  while (YES) {
+    BOOL merged = NO;
+    tag = GPBCodedInputStreamReadTag(state);
+    if (tag == 0) {
+      break;  // Reached end.
+    }
+    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < numFields; ++i) {
+      if (startingIndex >= numFields) startingIndex = 0;
+      GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDescriptor = fields[startingIndex];
+      if (GPBFieldTag(fieldDescriptor) == tag) {
+        GPBFieldType fieldType = fieldDescriptor.fieldType;
+        if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+          MergeSingleFieldFromCodedInputStream(self, fieldDescriptor, syntax,
+                                               input, extensionRegistry);
+          // Well formed protos will only have a single field once, advance
+          // the starting index to the next field.
+          startingIndex += 1;
+        } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+          if (fieldDescriptor.isPackable) {
+            MergeRepeatedPackedFieldFromCodedInputStream(
+                self, fieldDescriptor, syntax, input);
+            // Well formed protos will only have a repeated field that is
+            // packed once, advance the starting index to the next field.
+            startingIndex += 1;
+          } else {
+            MergeRepeatedNotPackedFieldFromCodedInputStream(
+                self, fieldDescriptor, syntax, input, extensionRegistry);
+          }
+        } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+          // GPB*Dictionary or NSDictionary, exact type doesn't matter at this
+          // point.
+          id map = GetOrCreateMapIvarWithField(self, fieldDescriptor, syntax);
+          [input readMapEntry:map
+            extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry
+                        field:fieldDescriptor
+                parentMessage:self];
+        }
+        merged = YES;
+        break;
+      } else {
+        startingIndex += 1;
+      }
+    }  // for(i < numFields)
+
+    if (!merged && (tag != 0)) {
+      // Primitive, repeated types can be packed on unpacked on the wire, and
+      // are parsed either way.  The above loop covered tag in the preferred
+      // for, so this need to check the alternate form.
+      for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < numFields; ++i) {
+        if (startingIndex >= numFields) startingIndex = 0;
+        GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDescriptor = fields[startingIndex];
+        if ((fieldDescriptor.fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) &&
+            !GPBFieldDataTypeIsObject(fieldDescriptor) &&
+            (GPBFieldAlternateTag(fieldDescriptor) == tag)) {
+          BOOL alternateIsPacked = !fieldDescriptor.isPackable;
+          if (alternateIsPacked) {
+            MergeRepeatedPackedFieldFromCodedInputStream(
+                self, fieldDescriptor, syntax, input);
+            // Well formed protos will only have a repeated field that is
+            // packed once, advance the starting index to the next field.
+            startingIndex += 1;
+          } else {
+            MergeRepeatedNotPackedFieldFromCodedInputStream(
+                self, fieldDescriptor, syntax, input, extensionRegistry);
+          }
+          merged = YES;
+          break;
+        } else {
+          startingIndex += 1;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!merged) {
+      if (tag == 0) {
+        // zero signals EOF / limit reached
+        return;
+      } else {
+        if (![self parseUnknownField:input
+                   extensionRegistry:extensionRegistry
+                                 tag:tag]) {
+          // it's an endgroup tag
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }  // if(!merged)
+
+  }  // while(YES)
+}
+
+#pragma mark - MergeFrom Support
+
+- (void)mergeFrom:(GPBMessage *)other {
+  Class selfClass = [self class];
+  Class otherClass = [other class];
+  if (!([selfClass isSubclassOfClass:otherClass] ||
+        [otherClass isSubclassOfClass:selfClass])) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Classes must match %@ != %@", selfClass, otherClass];
+  }
+
+  // We assume something will be done and become visible.
+  GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [[self class] descriptor];
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = descriptor.file.syntax;
+
+  for (GPBFieldDescriptor *field in descriptor->fields_) {
+    GPBFieldType fieldType = field.fieldType;
+    if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+      int32_t hasIndex = GPBFieldHasIndex(field);
+      uint32_t fieldNumber = GPBFieldNumber(field);
+      if (!GPBGetHasIvar(other, hasIndex, fieldNumber)) {
+        // Other doesn't have the field set, on to the next.
+        continue;
+      }
+      GPBDataType fieldDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+      switch (fieldDataType) {
+        case GPBDataTypeBool:
+          GPBSetBoolIvarWithFieldInternal(
+              self, field, GPBGetMessageBoolField(other, field), syntax);
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+        case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+          GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(
+              self, field, GPBGetMessageInt32Field(other, field), syntax);
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+          GPBSetUInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(
+              self, field, GPBGetMessageUInt32Field(other, field), syntax);
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+          GPBSetInt64IvarWithFieldInternal(
+              self, field, GPBGetMessageInt64Field(other, field), syntax);
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+          GPBSetUInt64IvarWithFieldInternal(
+              self, field, GPBGetMessageUInt64Field(other, field), syntax);
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+          GPBSetFloatIvarWithFieldInternal(
+              self, field, GPBGetMessageFloatField(other, field), syntax);
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+          GPBSetDoubleIvarWithFieldInternal(
+              self, field, GPBGetMessageDoubleField(other, field), syntax);
+          break;
+        case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+        case GPBDataTypeString: {
+          id otherVal = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(other, field);
+          GPBSetObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, otherVal, syntax);
+          break;
+        }
+        case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+        case GPBDataTypeGroup: {
+          id otherVal = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(other, field);
+          if (GPBGetHasIvar(self, hasIndex, fieldNumber)) {
+            GPBMessage *message =
+                GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+            [message mergeFrom:otherVal];
+          } else {
+            GPBMessage *message = [otherVal copy];
+            GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, message,
+                                                      syntax);
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+      } // switch()
+    } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+      // In the case of a list, they need to be appended, and there is no
+      // _hasIvar to worry about setting.
+      id otherArray =
+          GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(other, field);
+      if (otherArray) {
+        GPBDataType fieldDataType = field->description_->dataType;
+        if (GPBDataTypeIsObject(fieldDataType)) {
+          NSMutableArray *resultArray =
+              GetOrCreateArrayIvarWithField(self, field, syntax);
+          [resultArray addObjectsFromArray:otherArray];
+        } else if (fieldDataType == GPBDataTypeEnum) {
+          GPBEnumArray *resultArray =
+              GetOrCreateArrayIvarWithField(self, field, syntax);
+          [resultArray addRawValuesFromArray:otherArray];
+        } else {
+          // The array type doesn't matter, that all implment
+          // -addValuesFromArray:.
+          GPBInt32Array *resultArray =
+              GetOrCreateArrayIvarWithField(self, field, syntax);
+          [resultArray addValuesFromArray:otherArray];
+        }
+      }
+    } else {  // fieldType = GPBFieldTypeMap
+      // In the case of a map, they need to be merged, and there is no
+      // _hasIvar to worry about setting.
+      id otherDict = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(other, field);
+      if (otherDict) {
+        GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+        GPBDataType valueDataType = field->description_->dataType;
+        if (GPBDataTypeIsObject(keyDataType) &&
+            GPBDataTypeIsObject(valueDataType)) {
+          NSMutableDictionary *resultDict =
+              GetOrCreateMapIvarWithField(self, field, syntax);
+          [resultDict addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDict];
+        } else if (valueDataType == GPBDataTypeEnum) {
+          // The exact type doesn't matter, just need to know it is a
+          // GPB*EnumDictionary.
+          GPBInt32EnumDictionary *resultDict =
+              GetOrCreateMapIvarWithField(self, field, syntax);
+          [resultDict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:otherDict];
+        } else {
+          // The exact type doesn't matter, they all implement
+          // -addEntriesFromDictionary:.
+          GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *resultDict =
+              GetOrCreateMapIvarWithField(self, field, syntax);
+          [resultDict addEntriesFromDictionary:otherDict];
+        }
+      }
+    }  // if (fieldType)..else if...else
+  }  // for(fields)
+
+  // Unknown fields.
+  if (!unknownFields_) {
+    [self setUnknownFields:other.unknownFields];
+  } else {
+    [unknownFields_ mergeUnknownFields:other.unknownFields];
+  }
+
+  // Extensions
+
+  if (other->extensionMap_.count == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (extensionMap_ == nil) {
+    extensionMap_ =
+        CloneExtensionMap(other->extensionMap_, NSZoneFromPointer(self));
+  } else {
+    for (GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension in other->extensionMap_) {
+      id otherValue = [other->extensionMap_ objectForKey:extension];
+      id value = [extensionMap_ objectForKey:extension];
+      BOOL isMessageExtension = GPBExtensionIsMessage(extension);
+
+      if (extension.repeated) {
+        NSMutableArray *list = value;
+        if (list == nil) {
+          list = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
+          [extensionMap_ setObject:list forKey:extension];
+          [list release];
+        }
+        if (isMessageExtension) {
+          for (GPBMessage *otherListValue in otherValue) {
+            GPBMessage *copiedValue = [otherListValue copy];
+            [list addObject:copiedValue];
+            [copiedValue release];
+          }
+        } else {
+          [list addObjectsFromArray:otherValue];
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (isMessageExtension) {
+          if (value) {
+            [(GPBMessage *)value mergeFrom:(GPBMessage *)otherValue];
+          } else {
+            GPBMessage *copiedValue = [otherValue copy];
+            [extensionMap_ setObject:copiedValue forKey:extension];
+            [copiedValue release];
+          }
+        } else {
+          [extensionMap_ setObject:otherValue forKey:extension];
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (isMessageExtension && !extension.isRepeated) {
+        GPBMessage *autocreatedValue =
+            [[autocreatedExtensionMap_ objectForKey:extension] retain];
+        // Must remove from the map before calling GPBClearMessageAutocreator()
+        // so that GPBClearMessageAutocreator() knows its safe to clear.
+        [autocreatedExtensionMap_ removeObjectForKey:extension];
+        GPBClearMessageAutocreator(autocreatedValue);
+        [autocreatedValue release];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#pragma mark - isEqual: & hash Support
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)other {
+  if (other == self) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  if (![other isKindOfClass:[GPBMessage class]]) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  GPBMessage *otherMsg = other;
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [[self class] descriptor];
+  if ([[otherMsg class] descriptor] != descriptor) {
+    return NO;
+  }
+  uint8_t *selfStorage = (uint8_t *)messageStorage_;
+  uint8_t *otherStorage = (uint8_t *)otherMsg->messageStorage_;
+
+  for (GPBFieldDescriptor *field in descriptor->fields_) {
+    if (GPBFieldIsMapOrArray(field)) {
+      // In the case of a list or map, there is no _hasIvar to worry about.
+      // NOTE: These are NSArray/GPB*Array or NSDictionary/GPB*Dictionary, but
+      // the type doesn't really matter as the objects all support -count and
+      // -isEqual:.
+      NSArray *resultMapOrArray =
+          GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+      NSArray *otherMapOrArray =
+          GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(other, field);
+      // nil and empty are equal
+      if (resultMapOrArray.count != 0 || otherMapOrArray.count != 0) {
+        if (![resultMapOrArray isEqual:otherMapOrArray]) {
+          return NO;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {  // Single field
+      int32_t hasIndex = GPBFieldHasIndex(field);
+      uint32_t fieldNum = GPBFieldNumber(field);
+      BOOL selfHas = GPBGetHasIvar(self, hasIndex, fieldNum);
+      BOOL otherHas = GPBGetHasIvar(other, hasIndex, fieldNum);
+      if (selfHas != otherHas) {
+        return NO;  // Differing has values, not equal.
+      }
+      if (!selfHas) {
+        // Same has values, was no, nothing else to check for this field.
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Now compare the values.
+      GPBDataType fieldDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+      size_t fieldOffset = field->description_->offset;
+      switch (fieldDataType) {
+        case GPBDataTypeBool: {
+          // Bools are stored in has_bits to avoid needing explicit space in
+          // the storage structure.
+          // (the field number passed to the HasIvar helper doesn't really
+          // matter since the offset is never negative)
+          BOOL selfValue = GPBGetHasIvar(self, (int32_t)(fieldOffset), 0);
+          BOOL otherValue = GPBGetHasIvar(other, (int32_t)(fieldOffset), 0);
+          if (selfValue != otherValue) {
+            return NO;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+        case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+        case GPBDataTypeFloat: {
+          GPBInternalCompileAssert(sizeof(float) == sizeof(uint32_t), float_not_32_bits);
+          // These are all 32bit, signed/unsigned doesn't matter for equality.
+          uint32_t *selfValPtr = (uint32_t *)&selfStorage[fieldOffset];
+          uint32_t *otherValPtr = (uint32_t *)&otherStorage[fieldOffset];
+          if (*selfValPtr != *otherValPtr) {
+            return NO;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+        case GPBDataTypeDouble: {
+          GPBInternalCompileAssert(sizeof(double) == sizeof(uint64_t), double_not_64_bits);
+          // These are all 64bit, signed/unsigned doesn't matter for equality.
+          uint64_t *selfValPtr = (uint64_t *)&selfStorage[fieldOffset];
+          uint64_t *otherValPtr = (uint64_t *)&otherStorage[fieldOffset];
+          if (*selfValPtr != *otherValPtr) {
+            return NO;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+        case GPBDataTypeString:
+        case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+        case GPBDataTypeGroup: {
+          // Type doesn't matter here, they all implement -isEqual:.
+          id *selfValPtr = (id *)&selfStorage[fieldOffset];
+          id *otherValPtr = (id *)&otherStorage[fieldOffset];
+          if (![*selfValPtr isEqual:*otherValPtr]) {
+            return NO;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+      } // switch()
+    }   // if(mapOrArray)...else
+  }  // for(fields)
+
+  // nil and empty are equal
+  if (extensionMap_.count != 0 || otherMsg->extensionMap_.count != 0) {
+    if (![extensionMap_ isEqual:otherMsg->extensionMap_]) {
+      return NO;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // nil and empty are equal
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *otherUnknowns = otherMsg->unknownFields_;
+  if ([unknownFields_ countOfFields] != 0 ||
+      [otherUnknowns countOfFields] != 0) {
+    if (![unknownFields_ isEqual:otherUnknowns]) {
+      return NO;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return YES;
+}
+
+// It is very difficult to implement a generic hash for ProtoBuf messages that
+// will perform well. If you need hashing on your ProtoBufs (eg you are using
+// them as dictionary keys) you will probably want to implement a ProtoBuf
+// message specific hash as a category on your protobuf class. Do not make it a
+// category on GPBMessage as you will conflict with this hash, and will possibly
+// override hash for all generated protobufs. A good implementation of hash will
+// be really fast, so we would recommend only hashing protobufs that have an
+// identifier field of some kind that you can easily hash. If you implement
+// hash, we would strongly recommend overriding isEqual: in your category as
+// well, as the default implementation of isEqual: is extremely slow, and may
+// drastically affect performance in large sets.
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [[self class] descriptor];
+  const NSUInteger prime = 19;
+  uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)messageStorage_;
+
+  // Start with the descriptor and then mix it with some instance info.
+  // Hopefully that will give a spread based on classes and what fields are set.
+  NSUInteger result = (NSUInteger)descriptor;
+
+  for (GPBFieldDescriptor *field in descriptor->fields_) {
+    if (GPBFieldIsMapOrArray(field)) {
+      // Exact type doesn't matter, just check if there are any elements.
+      NSArray *mapOrArray = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+      NSUInteger count = mapOrArray.count;
+      if (count) {
+        // NSArray/NSDictionary use count, use the field number and the count.
+        result = prime * result + GPBFieldNumber(field);
+        result = prime * result + count;
+      }
+    } else if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+      // Just using the field number seemed simple/fast, but then a small
+      // message class where all the same fields are always set (to different
+      // things would end up all with the same hash, so pull in some data).
+      GPBDataType fieldDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+      size_t fieldOffset = field->description_->offset;
+      switch (fieldDataType) {
+        case GPBDataTypeBool: {
+          // Bools are stored in has_bits to avoid needing explicit space in
+          // the storage structure.
+          // (the field number passed to the HasIvar helper doesn't really
+          // matter since the offset is never negative)
+          BOOL value = GPBGetHasIvar(self, (int32_t)(fieldOffset), 0);
+          result = prime * result + value;
+          break;
+        }
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+        case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+        case GPBDataTypeFloat: {
+          GPBInternalCompileAssert(sizeof(float) == sizeof(uint32_t), float_not_32_bits);
+          // These are all 32bit, just mix it in.
+          uint32_t *valPtr = (uint32_t *)&storage[fieldOffset];
+          result = prime * result + *valPtr;
+          break;
+        }
+        case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+        case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+        case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+        case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+        case GPBDataTypeDouble: {
+          GPBInternalCompileAssert(sizeof(double) == sizeof(uint64_t), double_not_64_bits);
+          // These are all 64bit, just mix what fits into an NSUInteger in.
+          uint64_t *valPtr = (uint64_t *)&storage[fieldOffset];
+          result = prime * result + (NSUInteger)(*valPtr);
+          break;
+        }
+        case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+        case GPBDataTypeString: {
+          // Type doesn't matter here, they both implement -hash:.
+          id *valPtr = (id *)&storage[fieldOffset];
+          result = prime * result + [*valPtr hash];
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+        case GPBDataTypeGroup: {
+          GPBMessage **valPtr = (GPBMessage **)&storage[fieldOffset];
+          // Could call -hash on the sub message, but that could recurse pretty
+          // deep; follow the lead of NSArray/NSDictionary and don't really
+          // recurse for hash, instead use the field number and the descriptor
+          // of the sub message.  Yes, this could suck for a bunch of messages
+          // where they all only differ in the sub messages, but if you are
+          // using a message with sub messages for something that needs -hash,
+          // odds are you are also copying them as keys, and that deep copy
+          // will also suck.
+          result = prime * result + GPBFieldNumber(field);
+          result = prime * result + (NSUInteger)[[*valPtr class] descriptor];
+          break;
+        }
+      } // switch()
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Unknowns and extensions are not included.
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Description Support
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSString *textFormat = GPBTextFormatForMessage(self, @"    ");
+  NSString *description = [NSString
+      stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p>: {\n%@}", [self class], self, textFormat];
+  return description;
+}
+
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+
+// Xcode 5.1 added support for custom quick look info.
+// https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/IDEs/Conceptual/CustomClassDisplay_in_QuickLook/CH01-quick_look_for_custom_objects/CH01-quick_look_for_custom_objects.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014001-CH2-SW1
+- (id)debugQuickLookObject {
+  return GPBTextFormatForMessage(self, nil);
+}
+
+#endif  // DEBUG
+
+#pragma mark - SerializedSize
+
+- (size_t)serializedSize {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [[self class] descriptor];
+  size_t result = 0;
+
+  // Has check is done explicitly, so GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate()
+  // avoids doing the has check again.
+
+  // Fields.
+  for (GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDescriptor in descriptor->fields_) {
+    GPBFieldType fieldType = fieldDescriptor.fieldType;
+    GPBDataType fieldDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(fieldDescriptor);
+
+    // Single Fields
+    if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeSingle) {
+      BOOL selfHas = GPBGetHasIvarField(self, fieldDescriptor);
+      if (!selfHas) {
+        continue;  // Nothing to do.
+      }
+
+      uint32_t fieldNumber = GPBFieldNumber(fieldDescriptor);
+
+      switch (fieldDataType) {
+#define CASE_SINGLE_POD(NAME, TYPE, FUNC_TYPE)                                \
+        case GPBDataType##NAME: {                                             \
+          TYPE fieldVal = GPBGetMessage##FUNC_TYPE##Field(self, fieldDescriptor); \
+          result += GPBCompute##NAME##Size(fieldNumber, fieldVal);            \
+          break;                                                              \
+        }
+#define CASE_SINGLE_OBJECT(NAME)                                              \
+        case GPBDataType##NAME: {                                             \
+          id fieldVal = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, fieldDescriptor); \
+          result += GPBCompute##NAME##Size(fieldNumber, fieldVal);            \
+          break;                                                              \
+        }
+          CASE_SINGLE_POD(Bool, BOOL, Bool)
+          CASE_SINGLE_POD(Fixed32, uint32_t, UInt32)
+          CASE_SINGLE_POD(SFixed32, int32_t, Int32)
+          CASE_SINGLE_POD(Float, float, Float)
+          CASE_SINGLE_POD(Fixed64, uint64_t, UInt64)
+          CASE_SINGLE_POD(SFixed64, int64_t, Int64)
+          CASE_SINGLE_POD(Double, double, Double)
+          CASE_SINGLE_POD(Int32, int32_t, Int32)
+          CASE_SINGLE_POD(Int64, int64_t, Int64)
+          CASE_SINGLE_POD(SInt32, int32_t, Int32)
+          CASE_SINGLE_POD(SInt64, int64_t, Int64)
+          CASE_SINGLE_POD(UInt32, uint32_t, UInt32)
+          CASE_SINGLE_POD(UInt64, uint64_t, UInt64)
+          CASE_SINGLE_OBJECT(Bytes)
+          CASE_SINGLE_OBJECT(String)
+          CASE_SINGLE_OBJECT(Message)
+          CASE_SINGLE_OBJECT(Group)
+          CASE_SINGLE_POD(Enum, int32_t, Int32)
+#undef CASE_SINGLE_POD
+#undef CASE_SINGLE_OBJECT
+      }
+
+    // Repeated Fields
+    } else if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+      id genericArray =
+          GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, fieldDescriptor);
+      NSUInteger count = [genericArray count];
+      if (count == 0) {
+        continue;  // Nothing to add.
+      }
+      __block size_t dataSize = 0;
+
+      switch (fieldDataType) {
+#define CASE_REPEATED_POD(NAME, TYPE, ARRAY_TYPE)                             \
+    CASE_REPEATED_POD_EXTRA(NAME, TYPE, ARRAY_TYPE, )
+#define CASE_REPEATED_POD_EXTRA(NAME, TYPE, ARRAY_TYPE, ARRAY_ACCESSOR_NAME)  \
+        case GPBDataType##NAME: {                                             \
+          GPB##ARRAY_TYPE##Array *array = genericArray;                       \
+          [array enumerate##ARRAY_ACCESSOR_NAME##ValuesWithBlock:^(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) { \
+            _Pragma("unused(idx, stop)");                                     \
+            dataSize += GPBCompute##NAME##SizeNoTag(value);                   \
+          }];                                                                 \
+          break;                                                              \
+        }
+#define CASE_REPEATED_OBJECT(NAME)                                            \
+        case GPBDataType##NAME: {                                             \
+          for (id value in genericArray) {                                    \
+            dataSize += GPBCompute##NAME##SizeNoTag(value);                   \
+          }                                                                   \
+          break;                                                              \
+        }
+          CASE_REPEATED_POD(Bool, BOOL, Bool)
+          CASE_REPEATED_POD(Fixed32, uint32_t, UInt32)
+          CASE_REPEATED_POD(SFixed32, int32_t, Int32)
+          CASE_REPEATED_POD(Float, float, Float)
+          CASE_REPEATED_POD(Fixed64, uint64_t, UInt64)
+          CASE_REPEATED_POD(SFixed64, int64_t, Int64)
+          CASE_REPEATED_POD(Double, double, Double)
+          CASE_REPEATED_POD(Int32, int32_t, Int32)
+          CASE_REPEATED_POD(Int64, int64_t, Int64)
+          CASE_REPEATED_POD(SInt32, int32_t, Int32)
+          CASE_REPEATED_POD(SInt64, int64_t, Int64)
+          CASE_REPEATED_POD(UInt32, uint32_t, UInt32)
+          CASE_REPEATED_POD(UInt64, uint64_t, UInt64)
+          CASE_REPEATED_OBJECT(Bytes)
+          CASE_REPEATED_OBJECT(String)
+          CASE_REPEATED_OBJECT(Message)
+          CASE_REPEATED_OBJECT(Group)
+          CASE_REPEATED_POD_EXTRA(Enum, int32_t, Enum, Raw)
+#undef CASE_REPEATED_POD
+#undef CASE_REPEATED_POD_EXTRA
+#undef CASE_REPEATED_OBJECT
+      }  // switch
+      result += dataSize;
+      size_t tagSize = GPBComputeTagSize(GPBFieldNumber(fieldDescriptor));
+      if (fieldDataType == GPBDataTypeGroup) {
+        // Groups have both a start and an end tag.
+        tagSize *= 2;
+      }
+      if (fieldDescriptor.isPackable) {
+        result += tagSize;
+        result += GPBComputeSizeTSizeAsInt32NoTag(dataSize);
+      } else {
+        result += count * tagSize;
+      }
+
+    // Map<> Fields
+    } else {  // fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap
+      if (GPBDataTypeIsObject(fieldDataType) &&
+          (fieldDescriptor.mapKeyDataType == GPBDataTypeString)) {
+        // If key type was string, then the map is an NSDictionary.
+        NSDictionary *map =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, fieldDescriptor);
+        if (map) {
+          result += GPBDictionaryComputeSizeInternalHelper(map, fieldDescriptor);
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Type will be GPB*GroupDictionary, exact type doesn't matter.
+        GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *map =
+            GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, fieldDescriptor);
+        result += [map computeSerializedSizeAsField:fieldDescriptor];
+      }
+    }
+  }  // for(fields)
+
+  // Add any unknown fields.
+  if (descriptor.wireFormat) {
+    result += [unknownFields_ serializedSizeAsMessageSet];
+  } else {
+    result += [unknownFields_ serializedSize];
+  }
+
+  // Add any extensions.
+  for (GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension in extensionMap_) {
+    id value = [extensionMap_ objectForKey:extension];
+    result += GPBComputeExtensionSerializedSizeIncludingTag(extension, value);
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Resolve Methods Support
+
+typedef struct ResolveIvarAccessorMethodResult {
+  IMP impToAdd;
+  SEL encodingSelector;
+} ResolveIvarAccessorMethodResult;
+
+// |field| can be __unsafe_unretained because they are created at startup
+// and are essentially global. No need to pay for retain/release when
+// they are captured in blocks.
+static void ResolveIvarGet(__unsafe_unretained GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                           ResolveIvarAccessorMethodResult *result) {
+  GPBDataType fieldDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  switch (fieldDataType) {
+#define CASE_GET(NAME, TYPE, TRUE_NAME)                          \
+    case GPBDataType##NAME: {                                    \
+      result->impToAdd = imp_implementationWithBlock(^(id obj) { \
+        return GPBGetMessage##TRUE_NAME##Field(obj, field);      \
+       });                                                       \
+      result->encodingSelector = @selector(get##NAME);           \
+      break;                                                     \
+    }
+#define CASE_GET_OBJECT(NAME, TYPE, TRUE_NAME)                   \
+    case GPBDataType##NAME: {                                    \
+      result->impToAdd = imp_implementationWithBlock(^(id obj) { \
+        return GPBGetObjectIvarWithField(obj, field);            \
+       });                                                       \
+      result->encodingSelector = @selector(get##NAME);           \
+      break;                                                     \
+    }
+      CASE_GET(Bool, BOOL, Bool)
+      CASE_GET(Fixed32, uint32_t, UInt32)
+      CASE_GET(SFixed32, int32_t, Int32)
+      CASE_GET(Float, float, Float)
+      CASE_GET(Fixed64, uint64_t, UInt64)
+      CASE_GET(SFixed64, int64_t, Int64)
+      CASE_GET(Double, double, Double)
+      CASE_GET(Int32, int32_t, Int32)
+      CASE_GET(Int64, int64_t, Int64)
+      CASE_GET(SInt32, int32_t, Int32)
+      CASE_GET(SInt64, int64_t, Int64)
+      CASE_GET(UInt32, uint32_t, UInt32)
+      CASE_GET(UInt64, uint64_t, UInt64)
+      CASE_GET_OBJECT(Bytes, id, Object)
+      CASE_GET_OBJECT(String, id, Object)
+      CASE_GET_OBJECT(Message, id, Object)
+      CASE_GET_OBJECT(Group, id, Object)
+      CASE_GET(Enum, int32_t, Enum)
+#undef CASE_GET
+  }
+}
+
+// See comment about __unsafe_unretained on ResolveIvarGet.
+static void ResolveIvarSet(__unsafe_unretained GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                           GPBFileSyntax syntax,
+                           ResolveIvarAccessorMethodResult *result) {
+  GPBDataType fieldDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  switch (fieldDataType) {
+#define CASE_SET(NAME, TYPE, TRUE_NAME)                                       \
+    case GPBDataType##NAME: {                                                 \
+      result->impToAdd = imp_implementationWithBlock(^(id obj, TYPE value) {  \
+        return GPBSet##TRUE_NAME##IvarWithFieldInternal(obj, field, value, syntax); \
+      });                                                                     \
+      result->encodingSelector = @selector(set##NAME:);                       \
+      break;                                                                  \
+    }
+#define CASE_SET_COPY(NAME)                                                   \
+    case GPBDataType##NAME: {                                                 \
+      result->impToAdd = imp_implementationWithBlock(^(id obj, id value) {    \
+        return GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(obj, field, [value copy], syntax); \
+      });                                                                     \
+      result->encodingSelector = @selector(set##NAME:);                       \
+      break;                                                                  \
+    }
+      CASE_SET(Bool, BOOL, Bool)
+      CASE_SET(Fixed32, uint32_t, UInt32)
+      CASE_SET(SFixed32, int32_t, Int32)
+      CASE_SET(Float, float, Float)
+      CASE_SET(Fixed64, uint64_t, UInt64)
+      CASE_SET(SFixed64, int64_t, Int64)
+      CASE_SET(Double, double, Double)
+      CASE_SET(Int32, int32_t, Int32)
+      CASE_SET(Int64, int64_t, Int64)
+      CASE_SET(SInt32, int32_t, Int32)
+      CASE_SET(SInt64, int64_t, Int64)
+      CASE_SET(UInt32, uint32_t, UInt32)
+      CASE_SET(UInt64, uint64_t, UInt64)
+      CASE_SET_COPY(Bytes)
+      CASE_SET_COPY(String)
+      CASE_SET(Message, id, Object)
+      CASE_SET(Group, id, Object)
+      CASE_SET(Enum, int32_t, Enum)
+#undef CASE_SET
+  }
+}
+
++ (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel {
+  const GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [self descriptor];
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    return [super resolveInstanceMethod:sel];
+  }
+
+  // NOTE: hasOrCountSel_/setHasSel_ will be NULL if the field for the given
+  // message should not have has support (done in GPBDescriptor.m), so there is
+  // no need for checks here to see if has*/setHas* are allowed.
+  ResolveIvarAccessorMethodResult result = {NULL, NULL};
+
+  // See comment about __unsafe_unretained on ResolveIvarGet.
+  for (__unsafe_unretained GPBFieldDescriptor *field in descriptor->fields_) {
+    BOOL isMapOrArray = GPBFieldIsMapOrArray(field);
+    if (!isMapOrArray) {
+      // Single fields.
+      if (sel == field->getSel_) {
+        ResolveIvarGet(field, &result);
+        break;
+      } else if (sel == field->setSel_) {
+        ResolveIvarSet(field, descriptor.file.syntax, &result);
+        break;
+      } else if (sel == field->hasOrCountSel_) {
+        int32_t index = GPBFieldHasIndex(field);
+        uint32_t fieldNum = GPBFieldNumber(field);
+        result.impToAdd = imp_implementationWithBlock(^(id obj) {
+          return GPBGetHasIvar(obj, index, fieldNum);
+        });
+        result.encodingSelector = @selector(getBool);
+        break;
+      } else if (sel == field->setHasSel_) {
+        result.impToAdd = imp_implementationWithBlock(^(id obj, BOOL value) {
+          if (value) {
+            [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                        format:@"%@: %@ can only be set to NO (to clear field).",
+                               [obj class],
+                               NSStringFromSelector(field->setHasSel_)];
+          }
+          GPBClearMessageField(obj, field);
+        });
+        result.encodingSelector = @selector(setBool:);
+        break;
+      } else {
+        GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof = field->containingOneof_;
+        if (oneof && (sel == oneof->caseSel_)) {
+          int32_t index = GPBFieldHasIndex(field);
+          result.impToAdd = imp_implementationWithBlock(^(id obj) {
+            return GPBGetHasOneof(obj, index);
+          });
+          result.encodingSelector = @selector(getEnum);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // map<>/repeated fields.
+      if (sel == field->getSel_) {
+        if (field.fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+          result.impToAdd = imp_implementationWithBlock(^(id obj) {
+            return GetArrayIvarWithField(obj, field);
+          });
+        } else {
+          result.impToAdd = imp_implementationWithBlock(^(id obj) {
+            return GetMapIvarWithField(obj, field);
+          });
+        }
+        result.encodingSelector = @selector(getArray);
+        break;
+      } else if (sel == field->setSel_) {
+        // Local for syntax so the block can directly capture it and not the
+        // full lookup.
+        const GPBFileSyntax syntax = descriptor.file.syntax;
+        result.impToAdd = imp_implementationWithBlock(^(id obj, id value) {
+          GPBSetObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(obj, field, value, syntax);
+        });
+        result.encodingSelector = @selector(setArray:);
+        break;
+      } else if (sel == field->hasOrCountSel_) {
+        result.impToAdd = imp_implementationWithBlock(^(id obj) {
+          // Type doesn't matter, all *Array and *Dictionary types support
+          // -count.
+          NSArray *arrayOrMap =
+              GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(obj, field);
+          return [arrayOrMap count];
+        });
+        result.encodingSelector = @selector(getArrayCount);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (result.impToAdd) {
+    const char *encoding =
+        GPBMessageEncodingForSelector(result.encodingSelector, YES);
+    Class msgClass = descriptor.messageClass;
+    BOOL methodAdded = class_addMethod(msgClass, sel, result.impToAdd, encoding);
+    // class_addMethod() is documented as also failing if the method was already
+    // added; so we check if the method is already there and return success so
+    // the method dispatch will still happen.  Why would it already be added?
+    // Two threads could cause the same method to be bound at the same time,
+    // but only one will actually bind it; the other still needs to return true
+    // so things will dispatch.
+    if (!methodAdded) {
+      methodAdded = GPBClassHasSel(msgClass, sel);
+    }
+    return methodAdded;
+  }
+  return [super resolveInstanceMethod:sel];
+}
+
++ (BOOL)resolveClassMethod:(SEL)sel {
+  // Extensions scoped to a Message and looked up via class methods.
+  if (GPBResolveExtensionClassMethod([self descriptor].messageClass, sel)) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  return [super resolveClassMethod:sel];
+}
+
+#pragma mark - NSCoding Support
+
++ (BOOL)supportsSecureCoding {
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder {
+  self = [self init];
+  if (self) {
+    NSData *data =
+        [aDecoder decodeObjectOfClass:[NSData class] forKey:kGPBDataCoderKey];
+    if (data.length) {
+      [self mergeFromData:data extensionRegistry:nil];
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  if (extensionMap_.count) {
+    // Hint to go along with the docs on GPBMessage about this.
+    //
+    // Note: This is incomplete, in that it only checked the "root" message,
+    // if a sub message in a field has extensions, the issue still exists. A
+    // recursive check could be done here (like the work in
+    // GPBMessageDropUnknownFieldsRecursively()), but that has the potential to
+    // be expensive and could slow down serialization in DEBUG enought to cause
+    // developers other problems.
+    NSLog(@"Warning: writing out a GPBMessage (%@) via NSCoding and it"
+          @" has %ld extensions; when read back in, those fields will be"
+          @" in the unknownFields property instead.",
+          [self class], (long)extensionMap_.count);
+  }
+#endif
+  NSData *data = [self data];
+  if (data.length) {
+    [aCoder encodeObject:data forKey:kGPBDataCoderKey];
+  }
+}
+
+#pragma mark - KVC Support
+
++ (BOOL)accessInstanceVariablesDirectly {
+  // Make sure KVC doesn't use instance variables.
+  return NO;
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Messages from GPBUtilities.h but defined here for access to helpers.
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+id GPBGetMessageRepeatedField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  if (field.fieldType != GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"%@.%@ is not a repeated field.",
+     [self class], field.name];
+  }
+#endif
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [[self class] descriptor];
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = descriptor.file.syntax;
+  return GetOrCreateArrayIvarWithField(self, field, syntax);
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+id GPBGetMessageMapField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  if (field.fieldType != GPBFieldTypeMap) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"%@.%@ is not a map<> field.",
+     [self class], field.name];
+  }
+#endif
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [[self class] descriptor];
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = descriptor.file.syntax;
+  return GetOrCreateMapIvarWithField(self, field, syntax);
+}
+
+id GPBGetObjectIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  NSCAssert(!GPBFieldIsMapOrArray(field), @"Shouldn't get here");
+  if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+    uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+    id *typePtr = (id *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+    return *typePtr;
+  }
+  // Not set...
+
+  // Non messages (string/data), get their default.
+  if (!GPBFieldDataTypeIsMessage(field)) {
+    return field.defaultValue.valueMessage;
+  }
+
+  GPBPrepareReadOnlySemaphore(self);
+  dispatch_semaphore_wait(self->readOnlySemaphore_, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
+  GPBMessage *result = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+  if (!result) {
+    // For non repeated messages, create the object, set it and return it.
+    // This object will not initially be visible via GPBGetHasIvar, so
+    // we save its creator so it can become visible if it's mutated later.
+    result = GPBCreateMessageWithAutocreator(field.msgClass, self, field);
+    GPBSetAutocreatedRetainedObjectIvarWithField(self, field, result);
+  }
+  dispatch_semaphore_signal(self->readOnlySemaphore_);
+  return result;
+}
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca10983b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This header is private to the ProtobolBuffers library and must NOT be
+// included by any sources outside this library. The contents of this file are
+// subject to change at any time without notice.
+
+#import "GPBMessage.h"
+
+// TODO: Remove this import. Older generated code use the OSAtomic* apis,
+// so anyone that hasn't regenerated says building by having this. After
+// enough time has passed, this likely can be removed as folks should have
+// regenerated.
+#import <libkern/OSAtomic.h>
+
+#import "GPBBootstrap.h"
+
+typedef struct GPBMessage_Storage {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[0];
+} GPBMessage_Storage;
+
+typedef struct GPBMessage_Storage *GPBMessage_StoragePtr;
+
+@interface GPBMessage () {
+ @package
+  // NOTE: Because of the +allocWithZone code using NSAllocateObject(),
+  // this structure should ideally always be kept pointer aligned where the
+  // real storage starts is also pointer aligned. The compiler/runtime already
+  // do this, but it may not be documented.
+
+  // A pointer to the actual fields of the subclasses. The actual structure
+  // pointed to by this pointer will depend on the subclass.
+  // All of the actual structures will start the same as
+  // GPBMessage_Storage with _has_storage__ as the first field.
+  // Kept public because static functions need to access it.
+  GPBMessage_StoragePtr messageStorage_;
+}
+
+// Gets an extension value without autocreating the result if not found. (i.e.
+// returns nil if the extension is not set)
+- (id)getExistingExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)extension;
+
+// Parses a message of this type from the input and merges it with this
+// message.
+//
+// Warning:  This does not verify that all required fields are present in
+// the input message.
+// Note:  The caller should call
+// -[CodedInputStream checkLastTagWas:] after calling this to
+// verify that the last tag seen was the appropriate end-group tag,
+// or zero for EOF.
+// NOTE: This will throw if there is an error while parsing.
+- (void)mergeFromCodedInputStream:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input
+                extensionRegistry:(GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+
+// Parses the next delimited message of this type from the input and merges it
+// with this message.
+- (void)mergeDelimitedFromCodedInputStream:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input
+                         extensionRegistry:
+                             (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+
+- (void)addUnknownMapEntry:(int32_t)fieldNum value:(NSData *)data;
+
+@end
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+
+// Call this before using the readOnlySemaphore_. This ensures it is created only once.
+void GPBPrepareReadOnlySemaphore(GPBMessage *self);
+
+// Returns a new instance that was automatically created by |autocreator| for
+// its field |field|.
+GPBMessage *GPBCreateMessageWithAutocreator(Class msgClass,
+                                            GPBMessage *autocreator,
+                                            GPBFieldDescriptor *field)
+    __attribute__((ns_returns_retained));
+
+// Returns whether |message| autocreated this message. This is NO if the message
+// was not autocreated by |message| or if it has been mutated since
+// autocreation.
+BOOL GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(GPBMessage *message, GPBMessage *parent);
+
+// Call this when you mutate a message. It will cause the message to become
+// visible to its autocreator.
+void GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(GPBMessage *self);
+
+// Call this when an array/dictionary is mutated so the parent message that
+// autocreated it can react.
+void GPBAutocreatedArrayModified(GPBMessage *self, id array);
+void GPBAutocreatedDictionaryModified(GPBMessage *self, id dictionary);
+
+// Clear the autocreator, if any. Asserts if the autocreator still has an
+// autocreated reference to this message.
+void GPBClearMessageAutocreator(GPBMessage *self);
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32f9f5de2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBBootstrap.h"
+
+#import "GPBArray.h"
+#import "GPBCodedInputStream.h"
+#import "GPBCodedOutputStream.h"
+#import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+#import "GPBDictionary.h"
+#import "GPBExtensionRegistry.h"
+#import "GPBMessage.h"
+#import "GPBRootObject.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownField.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownFieldSet.h"
+#import "GPBUtilities.h"
+#import "GPBWellKnownTypes.h"
+#import "GPBWireFormat.h"
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+// Well-known proto types
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/Any.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/Api.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/Type.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.h>
+#else
+ #import "google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/Api.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d04c8be15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers.m
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// If you want to build protocol buffers in your own project without adding the
+// project dependency, you can just add this file.
+
+
+// This warning seems to treat code differently when it is #imported than when
+// it is inline in the file.  GPBDictionary.m compiles cleanly in other targets,
+// but when #imported here it triggers a bunch of warnings that don't make
+// much sense, and don't trigger when compiled directly.  So we shut off the
+// warnings here.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wnullability-completeness"
+
+#import "GPBArray.m"
+#import "GPBCodedInputStream.m"
+#import "GPBCodedOutputStream.m"
+#import "GPBDescriptor.m"
+#import "GPBDictionary.m"
+#import "GPBExtensionInternals.m"
+#import "GPBExtensionRegistry.m"
+#import "GPBMessage.m"
+#import "GPBRootObject.m"
+#import "GPBUnknownField.m"
+#import "GPBUnknownFieldSet.m"
+#import "GPBUtilities.m"
+#import "GPBWellKnownTypes.m"
+#import "GPBWireFormat.m"
+
+#import "google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/Api.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.m"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04dde620a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This header is meant to only be used by the generated source, it should not
+// be included in code using protocol buffers.
+
+#import "GPBBootstrap.h"
+
+#import "GPBDescriptor_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBExtensionInternals.h"
+#import "GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBRootObject_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBRootObject.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBRootObject.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2e2aebfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBRootObject.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+@class GPBExtensionRegistry;
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+/**
+ * Every generated proto file defines a local "Root" class that exposes a
+ * GPBExtensionRegistry for all the extensions defined by that file and
+ * the files it depends on.
+ **/
+@interface GPBRootObject : NSObject
+
+/**
+ * @return An extension registry for the given file and all the files it depends
+ * on.
+ **/
++ (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBRootObject.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBRootObject.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bad2f9a7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBRootObject.m
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBRootObject_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+#import <objc/runtime.h>
+
+#import <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
+
+#import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+#import "GPBExtensionRegistry.h"
+#import "GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+@interface GPBExtensionDescriptor (GPBRootObject)
+// Get singletonName as a c string.
+- (const char *)singletonNameC;
+@end
+
+// We need some object to conform to the MessageSignatureProtocol to make sure
+// the selectors in it are recorded in our Objective C runtime information.
+// GPBMessage is arguably the more "obvious" choice, but given that all messages
+// inherit from GPBMessage, conflicts seem likely, so we are using GPBRootObject
+// instead.
+@interface GPBRootObject () <GPBMessageSignatureProtocol>
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBRootObject
+
+// Taken from http://www.burtleburtle.net/bob/hash/doobs.html
+// Public Domain
+static uint32_t jenkins_one_at_a_time_hash(const char *key) {
+  uint32_t hash = 0;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; key[i] != '\0'; ++i) {
+    hash += key[i];
+    hash += (hash << 10);
+    hash ^= (hash >> 6);
+  }
+  hash += (hash << 3);
+  hash ^= (hash >> 11);
+  hash += (hash << 15);
+  return hash;
+}
+
+// Key methods for our custom CFDictionary.
+// Note that the dictionary lasts for the lifetime of our app, so no need
+// to worry about deallocation. All of the items are added to it at
+// startup, and so the keys don't need to be retained/released.
+// Keys are NULL terminated char *.
+static const void *GPBRootExtensionKeyRetain(CFAllocatorRef allocator,
+                                             const void *value) {
+#pragma unused(allocator)
+  return value;
+}
+
+static void GPBRootExtensionKeyRelease(CFAllocatorRef allocator,
+                                       const void *value) {
+#pragma unused(allocator)
+#pragma unused(value)
+}
+
+static CFStringRef GPBRootExtensionCopyKeyDescription(const void *value) {
+  const char *key = (const char *)value;
+  return CFStringCreateWithCString(kCFAllocatorDefault, key,
+                                   kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
+}
+
+static Boolean GPBRootExtensionKeyEqual(const void *value1,
+                                        const void *value2) {
+  const char *key1 = (const char *)value1;
+  const char *key2 = (const char *)value2;
+  return strcmp(key1, key2) == 0;
+}
+
+static CFHashCode GPBRootExtensionKeyHash(const void *value) {
+  const char *key = (const char *)value;
+  return jenkins_one_at_a_time_hash(key);
+}
+
+// NOTE: OSSpinLock may seem like a good fit here but Apple engineers have
+// pointed out that they are vulnerable to live locking on iOS in cases of
+// priority inversion:
+//   http://mjtsai.com/blog/2015/12/16/osspinlock-is-unsafe/
+//   https://lists.swift.org/pipermail/swift-dev/Week-of-Mon-20151214/000372.html
+static dispatch_semaphore_t gExtensionSingletonDictionarySemaphore;
+static CFMutableDictionaryRef gExtensionSingletonDictionary = NULL;
+static GPBExtensionRegistry *gDefaultExtensionRegistry = NULL;
+
++ (void)initialize {
+  // Ensure the global is started up.
+  if (!gExtensionSingletonDictionary) {
+    gExtensionSingletonDictionarySemaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
+    CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks keyCallBacks = {
+      // See description above for reason for using custom dictionary.
+      0,
+      GPBRootExtensionKeyRetain,
+      GPBRootExtensionKeyRelease,
+      GPBRootExtensionCopyKeyDescription,
+      GPBRootExtensionKeyEqual,
+      GPBRootExtensionKeyHash,
+    };
+    gExtensionSingletonDictionary =
+        CFDictionaryCreateMutable(kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, &keyCallBacks,
+                                  &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
+    gDefaultExtensionRegistry = [[GPBExtensionRegistry alloc] init];
+  }
+
+  if ([self superclass] == [GPBRootObject class]) {
+    // This is here to start up all the per file "Root" subclasses.
+    // This must be done in initialize to enforce thread safety of start up of
+    // the protocol buffer library.
+    [self extensionRegistry];
+  }
+}
+
++ (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry {
+  // Is overridden in all the subclasses that provide extensions to provide the
+  // per class one.
+  return gDefaultExtensionRegistry;
+}
+
++ (void)globallyRegisterExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)field {
+  const char *key = [field singletonNameC];
+  dispatch_semaphore_wait(gExtensionSingletonDictionarySemaphore,
+                          DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
+  CFDictionarySetValue(gExtensionSingletonDictionary, key, field);
+  dispatch_semaphore_signal(gExtensionSingletonDictionarySemaphore);
+}
+
+static id ExtensionForName(id self, SEL _cmd) {
+  // Really fast way of doing "classname_selName".
+  // This came up as a hotspot (creation of NSString *) when accessing a
+  // lot of extensions.
+  const char *selName = sel_getName(_cmd);
+  if (selName[0] == '_') {
+    return nil;  // Apple internal selector.
+  }
+  size_t selNameLen = 0;
+  while (1) {
+    char c = selName[selNameLen];
+    if (c == '\0') {  // String end.
+      break;
+    }
+    if (c == ':') {
+      return nil;  // Selector took an arg, not one of the runtime methods.
+    }
+    ++selNameLen;
+  }
+
+  const char *className = class_getName(self);
+  size_t classNameLen = strlen(className);
+  char key[classNameLen + selNameLen + 2];
+  memcpy(key, className, classNameLen);
+  key[classNameLen] = '_';
+  memcpy(&key[classNameLen + 1], selName, selNameLen);
+  key[classNameLen + 1 + selNameLen] = '\0';
+
+  // NOTE: Even though this method is called from another C function,
+  // gExtensionSingletonDictionarySemaphore and gExtensionSingletonDictionary
+  // will always be initialized. This is because this call flow is just to
+  // lookup the Extension, meaning the code is calling an Extension class
+  // message on a Message or Root class. This guarantees that the class was
+  // initialized and Message classes ensure their Root was also initialized.
+  NSAssert(gExtensionSingletonDictionary, @"Startup order broken!");
+
+  dispatch_semaphore_wait(gExtensionSingletonDictionarySemaphore,
+                          DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
+  id extension = (id)CFDictionaryGetValue(gExtensionSingletonDictionary, key);
+  // We can't remove the key from the dictionary here (as an optimization),
+  // two threads could have gone into +resolveClassMethod: for the same method,
+  // and ended up here; there's no way to ensure both return YES without letting
+  // both try to wire in the method.
+  dispatch_semaphore_signal(gExtensionSingletonDictionarySemaphore);
+  return extension;
+}
+
+BOOL GPBResolveExtensionClassMethod(Class self, SEL sel) {
+  // Another option would be to register the extensions with the class at
+  // globallyRegisterExtension:
+  // Timing the two solutions, this solution turned out to be much faster
+  // and reduced startup time, and runtime memory.
+  // The advantage to globallyRegisterExtension is that it would reduce the
+  // size of the protos somewhat because the singletonNameC wouldn't need
+  // to include the class name. For a class with a lot of extensions it
+  // can add up. You could also significantly reduce the code complexity of this
+  // file.
+  id extension = ExtensionForName(self, sel);
+  if (extension != nil) {
+    const char *encoding =
+        GPBMessageEncodingForSelector(@selector(getClassValue), NO);
+    Class metaClass = objc_getMetaClass(class_getName(self));
+    IMP imp = imp_implementationWithBlock(^(id obj) {
+#pragma unused(obj)
+      return extension;
+    });
+    BOOL methodAdded = class_addMethod(metaClass, sel, imp, encoding);
+    // class_addMethod() is documented as also failing if the method was already
+    // added; so we check if the method is already there and return success so
+    // the method dispatch will still happen.  Why would it already be added?
+    // Two threads could cause the same method to be bound at the same time,
+    // but only one will actually bind it; the other still needs to return true
+    // so things will dispatch.
+    if (!methodAdded) {
+      methodAdded = GPBClassHasSel(metaClass, sel);
+    }
+    return methodAdded;
+  }
+  return NO;
+}
+
+
++ (BOOL)resolveClassMethod:(SEL)sel {
+  if (GPBResolveExtensionClassMethod(self, sel)) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  return [super resolveClassMethod:sel];
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBRootObject_PackagePrivate.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBRootObject_PackagePrivate.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c8f09c89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBRootObject_PackagePrivate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import "GPBRootObject.h"
+
+@class GPBExtensionDescriptor;
+
+@interface GPBRootObject ()
+
+// Globally register.
++ (void)globallyRegisterExtension:(GPBExtensionDescriptor *)field;
+
+@end
+
+// Returns YES if the selector was resolved and added to the class,
+// NO otherwise.
+BOOL GPBResolveExtensionClassMethod(Class self, SEL sel);
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBRuntimeTypes.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBRuntimeTypes.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81480548f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBRuntimeTypes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import "GPBBootstrap.h"
+
+@class GPBEnumDescriptor;
+@class GPBMessage;
+@class GPBInt32Array;
+
+/**
+ * Verifies that a given value can be represented by an enum type.
+ * */
+typedef BOOL (*GPBEnumValidationFunc)(int32_t);
+
+/**
+ * Fetches an EnumDescriptor.
+ * */
+typedef GPBEnumDescriptor *(*GPBEnumDescriptorFunc)(void);
+
+/**
+ * Magic value used at runtime to indicate an enum value that wasn't know at
+ * compile time.
+ * */
+enum {
+  kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue = (int32_t)0xFBADBEEF,
+};
+
+/**
+ * A union for storing all possible Protobuf values. Note that owner is
+ * responsible for memory management of object types.
+ * */
+typedef union {
+  BOOL valueBool;
+  int32_t valueInt32;
+  int64_t valueInt64;
+  uint32_t valueUInt32;
+  uint64_t valueUInt64;
+  float valueFloat;
+  double valueDouble;
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED NSData *valueData;
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED NSString *valueString;
+  GPB_UNSAFE_UNRETAINED GPBMessage *valueMessage;
+  int32_t valueEnum;
+} GPBGenericValue;
+
+/**
+ * Enum listing the possible data types that a field can contain.
+ *
+ * @note Do not change the order of this enum (or add things to it) without
+ *       thinking about it very carefully. There are several things that depend
+ *       on the order.
+ * */
+typedef NS_ENUM(uint8_t, GPBDataType) {
+  /** Field contains boolean value(s). */
+  GPBDataTypeBool = 0,
+  /** Field contains unsigned 4 byte value(s). */
+  GPBDataTypeFixed32,
+  /** Field contains signed 4 byte value(s). */
+  GPBDataTypeSFixed32,
+  /** Field contains float value(s). */
+  GPBDataTypeFloat,
+  /** Field contains unsigned 8 byte value(s). */
+  GPBDataTypeFixed64,
+  /** Field contains signed 8 byte value(s). */
+  GPBDataTypeSFixed64,
+  /** Field contains double value(s). */
+  GPBDataTypeDouble,
+  /**
+   * Field contains variable length value(s). Inefficient for encoding negative
+   * numbers – if your field is likely to have negative values, use
+   * GPBDataTypeSInt32 instead.
+   **/
+  GPBDataTypeInt32,
+  /**
+   * Field contains variable length value(s). Inefficient for encoding negative
+   * numbers – if your field is likely to have negative values, use
+   * GPBDataTypeSInt64 instead.
+   **/
+  GPBDataTypeInt64,
+  /** Field contains signed variable length integer value(s). */
+  GPBDataTypeSInt32,
+  /** Field contains signed variable length integer value(s). */
+  GPBDataTypeSInt64,
+  /** Field contains unsigned variable length integer value(s). */
+  GPBDataTypeUInt32,
+  /** Field contains unsigned variable length integer value(s). */
+  GPBDataTypeUInt64,
+  /** Field contains an arbitrary sequence of bytes. */
+  GPBDataTypeBytes,
+  /** Field contains UTF-8 encoded or 7-bit ASCII text. */
+  GPBDataTypeString,
+  /** Field contains message type(s). */
+  GPBDataTypeMessage,
+  /** Field contains message type(s). */
+  GPBDataTypeGroup,
+  /** Field contains enum value(s). */
+  GPBDataTypeEnum,
+};
+
+enum {
+  /**
+   * A count of the number of types in GPBDataType. Separated out from the
+   * GPBDataType enum to avoid warnings regarding not handling GPBDataType_Count
+   * in switch statements.
+   **/
+  GPBDataType_Count = GPBDataTypeEnum + 1
+};
+
+/** An extension range. */
+typedef struct GPBExtensionRange {
+  /** Inclusive. */
+  uint32_t start;
+  /** Exclusive. */
+  uint32_t end;
+} GPBExtensionRange;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownField.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownField.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b96023b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownField.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+@class GPBCodedOutputStream;
+@class GPBUInt32Array;
+@class GPBUInt64Array;
+@class GPBUnknownFieldSet;
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+/**
+ * Store an unknown field. These are used in conjunction with
+ * GPBUnknownFieldSet.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUnknownField : NSObject<NSCopying>
+
+/** Initialize a field with the given number. */
+- (instancetype)initWithNumber:(int32_t)number;
+
+/** The field number the data is stored under. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, assign) int32_t number;
+
+/** An array of varint values for this field. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, strong) GPBUInt64Array *varintList;
+
+/** An array of fixed32 values for this field. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, strong) GPBUInt32Array *fixed32List;
+
+/** An array of fixed64 values for this field. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, strong) GPBUInt64Array *fixed64List;
+
+/** An array of data values for this field. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, strong) NSArray<NSData*> *lengthDelimitedList;
+
+/** An array of groups of values for this field. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly, strong) NSArray<GPBUnknownFieldSet*> *groupList;
+
+/**
+ * Add a value to the varintList.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addVarint:(uint64_t)value;
+/**
+ * Add a value to the fixed32List.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addFixed32:(uint32_t)value;
+/**
+ * Add a value to the fixed64List.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addFixed64:(uint64_t)value;
+/**
+ * Add a value to the lengthDelimitedList.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addLengthDelimited:(NSData *)value;
+/**
+ * Add a value to the groupList.
+ *
+ * @param value The value to add.
+ **/
+- (void)addGroup:(GPBUnknownFieldSet *)value;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownField.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownField.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7fa8cade2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownField.m
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBUnknownField_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+#import "GPBArray.h"
+#import "GPBCodedOutputStream_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownFieldSet.h"
+
+@implementation GPBUnknownField {
+ @protected
+  int32_t number_;
+  GPBUInt64Array *mutableVarintList_;
+  GPBUInt32Array *mutableFixed32List_;
+  GPBUInt64Array *mutableFixed64List_;
+  NSMutableArray<NSData*> *mutableLengthDelimitedList_;
+  NSMutableArray<GPBUnknownFieldSet*> *mutableGroupList_;
+}
+
+@synthesize number = number_;
+@synthesize varintList = mutableVarintList_;
+@synthesize fixed32List = mutableFixed32List_;
+@synthesize fixed64List = mutableFixed64List_;
+@synthesize lengthDelimitedList = mutableLengthDelimitedList_;
+@synthesize groupList = mutableGroupList_;
+
+- (instancetype)initWithNumber:(int32_t)number {
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+    number_ = number;
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  [mutableVarintList_ release];
+  [mutableFixed32List_ release];
+  [mutableFixed64List_ release];
+  [mutableLengthDelimitedList_ release];
+  [mutableGroupList_ release];
+
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+// Direct access is use for speed, to avoid even internally declaring things
+// read/write, etc. The warning is enabled in the project to ensure code calling
+// protos can turn on -Wdirect-ivar-access without issues.
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  GPBUnknownField *result =
+      [[GPBUnknownField allocWithZone:zone] initWithNumber:number_];
+  result->mutableFixed32List_ = [mutableFixed32List_ copyWithZone:zone];
+  result->mutableFixed64List_ = [mutableFixed64List_ copyWithZone:zone];
+  result->mutableLengthDelimitedList_ =
+      [mutableLengthDelimitedList_ mutableCopyWithZone:zone];
+  result->mutableVarintList_ = [mutableVarintList_ copyWithZone:zone];
+  if (mutableGroupList_.count) {
+    result->mutableGroupList_ = [[NSMutableArray allocWithZone:zone]
+        initWithCapacity:mutableGroupList_.count];
+    for (GPBUnknownFieldSet *group in mutableGroupList_) {
+      GPBUnknownFieldSet *copied = [group copyWithZone:zone];
+      [result->mutableGroupList_ addObject:copied];
+      [copied release];
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)object {
+  if (self == object) return YES;
+  if (![object isKindOfClass:[GPBUnknownField class]]) return NO;
+  GPBUnknownField *field = (GPBUnknownField *)object;
+  if (number_ != field->number_) return NO;
+  BOOL equalVarint =
+      (mutableVarintList_.count == 0 && field->mutableVarintList_.count == 0) ||
+      [mutableVarintList_ isEqual:field->mutableVarintList_];
+  if (!equalVarint) return NO;
+  BOOL equalFixed32 = (mutableFixed32List_.count == 0 &&
+                       field->mutableFixed32List_.count == 0) ||
+                      [mutableFixed32List_ isEqual:field->mutableFixed32List_];
+  if (!equalFixed32) return NO;
+  BOOL equalFixed64 = (mutableFixed64List_.count == 0 &&
+                       field->mutableFixed64List_.count == 0) ||
+                      [mutableFixed64List_ isEqual:field->mutableFixed64List_];
+  if (!equalFixed64) return NO;
+  BOOL equalLDList =
+      (mutableLengthDelimitedList_.count == 0 &&
+       field->mutableLengthDelimitedList_.count == 0) ||
+      [mutableLengthDelimitedList_ isEqual:field->mutableLengthDelimitedList_];
+  if (!equalLDList) return NO;
+  BOOL equalGroupList =
+      (mutableGroupList_.count == 0 && field->mutableGroupList_.count == 0) ||
+      [mutableGroupList_ isEqual:field->mutableGroupList_];
+  if (!equalGroupList) return NO;
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  // Just mix the hashes of the possible sub arrays.
+  const int prime = 31;
+  NSUInteger result = prime + [mutableVarintList_ hash];
+  result = prime * result + [mutableFixed32List_ hash];
+  result = prime * result + [mutableFixed64List_ hash];
+  result = prime * result + [mutableLengthDelimitedList_ hash];
+  result = prime * result + [mutableGroupList_ hash];
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeToOutput:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)output {
+  NSUInteger count = mutableVarintList_.count;
+  if (count > 0) {
+    [output writeUInt64Array:number_ values:mutableVarintList_ tag:0];
+  }
+  count = mutableFixed32List_.count;
+  if (count > 0) {
+    [output writeFixed32Array:number_ values:mutableFixed32List_ tag:0];
+  }
+  count = mutableFixed64List_.count;
+  if (count > 0) {
+    [output writeFixed64Array:number_ values:mutableFixed64List_ tag:0];
+  }
+  count = mutableLengthDelimitedList_.count;
+  if (count > 0) {
+    [output writeBytesArray:number_ values:mutableLengthDelimitedList_];
+  }
+  count = mutableGroupList_.count;
+  if (count > 0) {
+    [output writeUnknownGroupArray:number_ values:mutableGroupList_];
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)serializedSize {
+  __block size_t result = 0;
+  int32_t number = number_;
+  [mutableVarintList_
+      enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+        result += GPBComputeUInt64Size(number, value);
+      }];
+
+  [mutableFixed32List_
+      enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+        result += GPBComputeFixed32Size(number, value);
+      }];
+
+  [mutableFixed64List_
+      enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+        result += GPBComputeFixed64Size(number, value);
+      }];
+
+  for (NSData *data in mutableLengthDelimitedList_) {
+    result += GPBComputeBytesSize(number, data);
+  }
+
+  for (GPBUnknownFieldSet *set in mutableGroupList_) {
+    result += GPBComputeUnknownGroupSize(number, set);
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)writeAsMessageSetExtensionToOutput:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)output {
+  for (NSData *data in mutableLengthDelimitedList_) {
+    [output writeRawMessageSetExtension:number_ value:data];
+  }
+}
+
+- (size_t)serializedSizeAsMessageSetExtension {
+  size_t result = 0;
+  for (NSData *data in mutableLengthDelimitedList_) {
+    result += GPBComputeRawMessageSetExtensionSize(number_, data);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *description =
+      [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p>: Field: %d {\n",
+       [self class], self, number_];
+  [mutableVarintList_
+      enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+        [description appendFormat:@"\t%llu\n", value];
+      }];
+
+  [mutableFixed32List_
+      enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+        [description appendFormat:@"\t%u\n", value];
+      }];
+
+  [mutableFixed64List_
+      enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(idx, stop)
+        [description appendFormat:@"\t%llu\n", value];
+      }];
+
+  for (NSData *data in mutableLengthDelimitedList_) {
+    [description appendFormat:@"\t%@\n", data];
+  }
+
+  for (GPBUnknownFieldSet *set in mutableGroupList_) {
+    [description appendFormat:@"\t%@\n", set];
+  }
+  [description appendString:@"}"];
+  return description;
+}
+
+- (void)mergeFromField:(GPBUnknownField *)other {
+  GPBUInt64Array *otherVarintList = other.varintList;
+  if (otherVarintList.count > 0) {
+    if (mutableVarintList_ == nil) {
+      mutableVarintList_ = [otherVarintList copy];
+    } else {
+      [mutableVarintList_ addValuesFromArray:otherVarintList];
+    }
+  }
+
+  GPBUInt32Array *otherFixed32List = other.fixed32List;
+  if (otherFixed32List.count > 0) {
+    if (mutableFixed32List_ == nil) {
+      mutableFixed32List_ = [otherFixed32List copy];
+    } else {
+      [mutableFixed32List_ addValuesFromArray:otherFixed32List];
+    }
+  }
+
+  GPBUInt64Array *otherFixed64List = other.fixed64List;
+  if (otherFixed64List.count > 0) {
+    if (mutableFixed64List_ == nil) {
+      mutableFixed64List_ = [otherFixed64List copy];
+    } else {
+      [mutableFixed64List_ addValuesFromArray:otherFixed64List];
+    }
+  }
+
+  NSArray *otherLengthDelimitedList = other.lengthDelimitedList;
+  if (otherLengthDelimitedList.count > 0) {
+    if (mutableLengthDelimitedList_ == nil) {
+      mutableLengthDelimitedList_ = [otherLengthDelimitedList mutableCopy];
+    } else {
+      [mutableLengthDelimitedList_
+          addObjectsFromArray:otherLengthDelimitedList];
+    }
+  }
+
+  NSArray *otherGroupList = other.groupList;
+  if (otherGroupList.count > 0) {
+    if (mutableGroupList_ == nil) {
+      mutableGroupList_ =
+          [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:otherGroupList.count];
+    }
+    // Make our own mutable copies.
+    for (GPBUnknownFieldSet *group in otherGroupList) {
+      GPBUnknownFieldSet *copied = [group copy];
+      [mutableGroupList_ addObject:copied];
+      [copied release];
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addVarint:(uint64_t)value {
+  if (mutableVarintList_ == nil) {
+    mutableVarintList_ = [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:&value count:1];
+  } else {
+    [mutableVarintList_ addValue:value];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addFixed32:(uint32_t)value {
+  if (mutableFixed32List_ == nil) {
+    mutableFixed32List_ =
+        [[GPBUInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:&value count:1];
+  } else {
+    [mutableFixed32List_ addValue:value];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addFixed64:(uint64_t)value {
+  if (mutableFixed64List_ == nil) {
+    mutableFixed64List_ =
+        [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:&value count:1];
+  } else {
+    [mutableFixed64List_ addValue:value];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addLengthDelimited:(NSData *)value {
+  if (mutableLengthDelimitedList_ == nil) {
+    mutableLengthDelimitedList_ =
+        [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithObjects:&value count:1];
+  } else {
+    [mutableLengthDelimitedList_ addObject:value];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)addGroup:(GPBUnknownFieldSet *)value {
+  if (mutableGroupList_ == nil) {
+    mutableGroupList_ = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithObjects:&value count:1];
+  } else {
+    [mutableGroupList_ addObject:value];
+  }
+}
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownFieldSet.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownFieldSet.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b5f24f39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownFieldSet.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+@class GPBUnknownField;
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+/**
+ * A collection of unknown fields. Fields parsed from the binary representation
+ * of a message that are unknown end up in an instance of this set. This only
+ * applies for files declared with the "proto2" syntax. Files declared with the
+ * "proto3" syntax discard the unknown values.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUnknownFieldSet : NSObject<NSCopying>
+
+/**
+ * Tests to see if the given field number has a value.
+ *
+ * @param number The field number to check.
+ *
+ * @return YES if there is an unknown field for the given field number.
+ **/
+- (BOOL)hasField:(int32_t)number;
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the GPBUnknownField for the given field number.
+ *
+ * @param number The field number to look up.
+ *
+ * @return The GPBUnknownField or nil if none found.
+ **/
+- (nullable GPBUnknownField *)getField:(int32_t)number;
+
+/**
+ * @return The number of fields in this set.
+ **/
+- (NSUInteger)countOfFields;
+
+/**
+ * Adds the given field to the set.
+ *
+ * @param field The field to add to the set.
+ **/
+- (void)addField:(GPBUnknownField *)field;
+
+/**
+ * @return An array of the GPBUnknownFields sorted by the field numbers.
+ **/
+- (NSArray<GPBUnknownField *> *)sortedFields;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownFieldSet.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownFieldSet.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7335f050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownFieldSet.m
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBUnknownFieldSet_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+#import "GPBCodedInputStream_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBCodedOutputStream.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownField_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUtilities.h"
+#import "GPBWireFormat.h"
+
+#pragma mark Helpers
+
+static void checkNumber(int32_t number) {
+  if (number == 0) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"Zero is not a valid field number."];
+  }
+}
+
+@implementation GPBUnknownFieldSet {
+ @package
+  CFMutableDictionaryRef fields_;
+}
+
+static void CopyWorker(const void *key, const void *value, void *context) {
+#pragma unused(key)
+  GPBUnknownField *field = value;
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *result = context;
+
+  GPBUnknownField *copied = [field copy];
+  [result addField:copied];
+  [copied release];
+}
+
+// Direct access is use for speed, to avoid even internally declaring things
+// read/write, etc. The warning is enabled in the project to ensure code calling
+// protos can turn on -Wdirect-ivar-access without issues.
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *result = [[GPBUnknownFieldSet allocWithZone:zone] init];
+  if (fields_) {
+    CFDictionaryApplyFunction(fields_, CopyWorker, result);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)dealloc {
+  if (fields_) {
+    CFRelease(fields_);
+  }
+  [super dealloc];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)object {
+  BOOL equal = NO;
+  if ([object isKindOfClass:[GPBUnknownFieldSet class]]) {
+    GPBUnknownFieldSet *set = (GPBUnknownFieldSet *)object;
+    if ((fields_ == NULL) && (set->fields_ == NULL)) {
+      equal = YES;
+    } else if ((fields_ != NULL) && (set->fields_ != NULL)) {
+      equal = CFEqual(fields_, set->fields_);
+    }
+  }
+  return equal;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)hash {
+  // Return the hash of the fields dictionary (or just some value).
+  if (fields_) {
+    return CFHash(fields_);
+  }
+  return (NSUInteger)[GPBUnknownFieldSet class];
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Public Methods
+
+- (BOOL)hasField:(int32_t)number {
+  ssize_t key = number;
+  return fields_ ? (CFDictionaryGetValue(fields_, (void *)key) != nil) : NO;
+}
+
+- (GPBUnknownField *)getField:(int32_t)number {
+  ssize_t key = number;
+  GPBUnknownField *result =
+      fields_ ? CFDictionaryGetValue(fields_, (void *)key) : nil;
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (NSUInteger)countOfFields {
+  return fields_ ? CFDictionaryGetCount(fields_) : 0;
+}
+
+- (NSArray *)sortedFields {
+  if (!fields_) return [NSArray array];
+  size_t count = CFDictionaryGetCount(fields_);
+  ssize_t keys[count];
+  GPBUnknownField *values[count];
+  CFDictionaryGetKeysAndValues(fields_, (const void **)keys,
+                               (const void **)values);
+  struct GPBFieldPair {
+    ssize_t key;
+    GPBUnknownField *value;
+  } pairs[count];
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    pairs[i].key = keys[i];
+    pairs[i].value = values[i];
+  };
+  qsort_b(pairs, count, sizeof(struct GPBFieldPair),
+          ^(const void *first, const void *second) {
+            const struct GPBFieldPair *a = first;
+            const struct GPBFieldPair *b = second;
+            return (a->key > b->key) ? 1 : ((a->key == b->key) ? 0 : -1);
+          });
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    values[i] = pairs[i].value;
+  };
+  return [NSArray arrayWithObjects:values count:count];
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Internal Methods
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)output {
+  if (!fields_) return;
+  size_t count = CFDictionaryGetCount(fields_);
+  ssize_t keys[count];
+  GPBUnknownField *values[count];
+  CFDictionaryGetKeysAndValues(fields_, (const void **)keys,
+                               (const void **)values);
+  if (count > 1) {
+    struct GPBFieldPair {
+      ssize_t key;
+      GPBUnknownField *value;
+    } pairs[count];
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      pairs[i].key = keys[i];
+      pairs[i].value = values[i];
+    };
+    qsort_b(pairs, count, sizeof(struct GPBFieldPair),
+            ^(const void *first, const void *second) {
+              const struct GPBFieldPair *a = first;
+              const struct GPBFieldPair *b = second;
+              return (a->key > b->key) ? 1 : ((a->key == b->key) ? 0 : -1);
+            });
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      GPBUnknownField *value = pairs[i].value;
+      [value writeToOutput:output];
+    }
+  } else {
+    [values[0] writeToOutput:output];
+  }
+}
+
+- (NSString *)description {
+  NSMutableString *description = [NSMutableString
+      stringWithFormat:@"<%@ %p>: TextFormat: {\n", [self class], self];
+  NSString *textFormat = GPBTextFormatForUnknownFieldSet(self, @"  ");
+  [description appendString:textFormat];
+  [description appendString:@"}"];
+  return description;
+}
+
+static void GPBUnknownFieldSetSerializedSize(const void *key, const void *value,
+                                             void *context) {
+#pragma unused(key)
+  GPBUnknownField *field = value;
+  size_t *result = context;
+  *result += [field serializedSize];
+}
+
+- (size_t)serializedSize {
+  size_t result = 0;
+  if (fields_) {
+    CFDictionaryApplyFunction(fields_, GPBUnknownFieldSetSerializedSize,
+                              &result);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+static void GPBUnknownFieldSetWriteAsMessageSetTo(const void *key,
+                                                  const void *value,
+                                                  void *context) {
+#pragma unused(key)
+  GPBUnknownField *field = value;
+  GPBCodedOutputStream *output = context;
+  [field writeAsMessageSetExtensionToOutput:output];
+}
+
+- (void)writeAsMessageSetTo:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)output {
+  if (fields_) {
+    CFDictionaryApplyFunction(fields_, GPBUnknownFieldSetWriteAsMessageSetTo,
+                              output);
+  }
+}
+
+static void GPBUnknownFieldSetSerializedSizeAsMessageSet(const void *key,
+                                                         const void *value,
+                                                         void *context) {
+#pragma unused(key)
+  GPBUnknownField *field = value;
+  size_t *result = context;
+  *result += [field serializedSizeAsMessageSetExtension];
+}
+
+- (size_t)serializedSizeAsMessageSet {
+  size_t result = 0;
+  if (fields_) {
+    CFDictionaryApplyFunction(
+        fields_, GPBUnknownFieldSetSerializedSizeAsMessageSet, &result);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (NSData *)data {
+  NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:self.serializedSize];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream *output =
+      [[GPBCodedOutputStream alloc] initWithData:data];
+  [self writeToCodedOutputStream:output];
+  [output release];
+  return data;
+}
+
++ (BOOL)isFieldTag:(int32_t)tag {
+  return GPBWireFormatGetTagWireType(tag) != GPBWireFormatEndGroup;
+}
+
+- (void)addField:(GPBUnknownField *)field {
+  int32_t number = [field number];
+  checkNumber(number);
+  if (!fields_) {
+    // Use a custom dictionary here because the keys are numbers and conversion
+    // back and forth from NSNumber isn't worth the cost.
+    fields_ = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, NULL,
+                                        &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
+  }
+  ssize_t key = number;
+  CFDictionarySetValue(fields_, (const void *)key, field);
+}
+
+- (GPBUnknownField *)mutableFieldForNumber:(int32_t)number create:(BOOL)create {
+  ssize_t key = number;
+  GPBUnknownField *existing =
+      fields_ ? CFDictionaryGetValue(fields_, (const void *)key) : nil;
+  if (!existing && create) {
+    existing = [[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:number];
+    // This retains existing.
+    [self addField:existing];
+    [existing release];
+  }
+  return existing;
+}
+
+static void GPBUnknownFieldSetMergeUnknownFields(const void *key,
+                                                 const void *value,
+                                                 void *context) {
+#pragma unused(key)
+  GPBUnknownField *field = value;
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *self = context;
+
+  int32_t number = [field number];
+  checkNumber(number);
+  GPBUnknownField *oldField = [self mutableFieldForNumber:number create:NO];
+  if (oldField) {
+    [oldField mergeFromField:field];
+  } else {
+    // Merge only comes from GPBMessage's mergeFrom:, so it means we are on
+    // mutable message and are an mutable instance, so make sure we need
+    // mutable fields.
+    GPBUnknownField *fieldCopy = [field copy];
+    [self addField:fieldCopy];
+    [fieldCopy release];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)mergeUnknownFields:(GPBUnknownFieldSet *)other {
+  if (other && other->fields_) {
+    CFDictionaryApplyFunction(other->fields_,
+                              GPBUnknownFieldSetMergeUnknownFields, self);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)mergeFromData:(NSData *)data {
+  GPBCodedInputStream *input = [[GPBCodedInputStream alloc] initWithData:data];
+  [self mergeFromCodedInputStream:input];
+  [input checkLastTagWas:0];
+  [input release];
+}
+
+- (void)mergeVarintField:(int32_t)number value:(int32_t)value {
+  checkNumber(number);
+  [[self mutableFieldForNumber:number create:YES] addVarint:value];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)mergeFieldFrom:(int32_t)tag input:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input {
+  NSAssert(GPBWireFormatIsValidTag(tag), @"Got passed an invalid tag");
+  int32_t number = GPBWireFormatGetTagFieldNumber(tag);
+  GPBCodedInputStreamState *state = &input->state_;
+  switch (GPBWireFormatGetTagWireType(tag)) {
+    case GPBWireFormatVarint: {
+      GPBUnknownField *field = [self mutableFieldForNumber:number create:YES];
+      [field addVarint:GPBCodedInputStreamReadInt64(state)];
+      return YES;
+    }
+    case GPBWireFormatFixed64: {
+      GPBUnknownField *field = [self mutableFieldForNumber:number create:YES];
+      [field addFixed64:GPBCodedInputStreamReadFixed64(state)];
+      return YES;
+    }
+    case GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited: {
+      NSData *data = GPBCodedInputStreamReadRetainedBytes(state);
+      GPBUnknownField *field = [self mutableFieldForNumber:number create:YES];
+      [field addLengthDelimited:data];
+      [data release];
+      return YES;
+    }
+    case GPBWireFormatStartGroup: {
+      GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknownFieldSet = [[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init];
+      [input readUnknownGroup:number message:unknownFieldSet];
+      GPBUnknownField *field = [self mutableFieldForNumber:number create:YES];
+      [field addGroup:unknownFieldSet];
+      [unknownFieldSet release];
+      return YES;
+    }
+    case GPBWireFormatEndGroup:
+      return NO;
+    case GPBWireFormatFixed32: {
+      GPBUnknownField *field = [self mutableFieldForNumber:number create:YES];
+      [field addFixed32:GPBCodedInputStreamReadFixed32(state)];
+      return YES;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)mergeMessageSetMessage:(int32_t)number data:(NSData *)messageData {
+  [[self mutableFieldForNumber:number create:YES]
+      addLengthDelimited:messageData];
+}
+
+- (void)addUnknownMapEntry:(int32_t)fieldNum value:(NSData *)data {
+  GPBUnknownField *field = [self mutableFieldForNumber:fieldNum create:YES];
+  [field addLengthDelimited:data];
+}
+
+- (void)mergeFromCodedInputStream:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input {
+  while (YES) {
+    int32_t tag = GPBCodedInputStreamReadTag(&input->state_);
+    if (tag == 0 || ![self mergeFieldFrom:tag input:input]) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)getTags:(int32_t *)tags {
+  if (!fields_) return;
+  size_t count = CFDictionaryGetCount(fields_);
+  ssize_t keys[count];
+  CFDictionaryGetKeysAndValues(fields_, (const void **)keys, NULL);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    tags[i] = (int32_t)keys[i];
+  }
+}
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownFieldSet_PackagePrivate.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownFieldSet_PackagePrivate.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e27127ad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownFieldSet_PackagePrivate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import "GPBUnknownFieldSet.h"
+
+@class GPBCodedOutputStream;
+@class GPBCodedInputStream;
+
+@interface GPBUnknownFieldSet ()
+
++ (BOOL)isFieldTag:(int32_t)tag;
+
+- (NSData *)data;
+
+- (size_t)serializedSize;
+- (size_t)serializedSizeAsMessageSet;
+
+- (void)writeToCodedOutputStream:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)output;
+- (void)writeAsMessageSetTo:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)output;
+
+- (void)mergeUnknownFields:(GPBUnknownFieldSet *)other;
+
+- (void)mergeFromCodedInputStream:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input;
+- (void)mergeFromData:(NSData *)data;
+
+- (void)mergeVarintField:(int32_t)number value:(int32_t)value;
+- (BOOL)mergeFieldFrom:(int32_t)tag input:(GPBCodedInputStream *)input;
+- (void)mergeMessageSetMessage:(int32_t)number data:(NSData *)messageData;
+
+- (void)addUnknownMapEntry:(int32_t)fieldNum value:(NSData *)data;
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownField_PackagePrivate.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownField_PackagePrivate.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b4c78951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUnknownField_PackagePrivate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import "GPBUnknownField.h"
+
+@class GPBCodedOutputStream;
+
+@interface GPBUnknownField ()
+
+- (void)writeToOutput:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)output;
+- (size_t)serializedSize;
+
+- (void)writeAsMessageSetExtensionToOutput:(GPBCodedOutputStream *)output;
+- (size_t)serializedSizeAsMessageSetExtension;
+
+- (void)mergeFromField:(GPBUnknownField *)other;
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUtilities.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUtilities.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5464dfb35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUtilities.h
@@ -0,0 +1,539 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import "GPBArray.h"
+#import "GPBMessage.h"
+#import "GPBRuntimeTypes.h"
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+/**
+ * Generates a string that should be a valid "TextFormat" for the C++ version
+ * of Protocol Buffers.
+ *
+ * @param message    The message to generate from.
+ * @param lineIndent A string to use as the prefix for all lines generated. Can
+ *                   be nil if no extra indent is needed.
+ *
+ * @return An NSString with the TextFormat of the message.
+ **/
+NSString *GPBTextFormatForMessage(GPBMessage *message,
+                                  NSString * __nullable lineIndent);
+
+/**
+ * Generates a string that should be a valid "TextFormat" for the C++ version
+ * of Protocol Buffers.
+ *
+ * @param unknownSet The unknown field set to generate from.
+ * @param lineIndent A string to use as the prefix for all lines generated. Can
+ *                   be nil if no extra indent is needed.
+ *
+ * @return An NSString with the TextFormat of the unknown field set.
+ **/
+NSString *GPBTextFormatForUnknownFieldSet(GPBUnknownFieldSet * __nullable unknownSet,
+                                          NSString * __nullable lineIndent);
+
+/**
+ * Checks if the given field number is set on a message.
+ *
+ * @param self        The message to check.
+ * @param fieldNumber The field number to check.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the field number is set on the given message.
+ **/
+BOOL GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(GPBMessage *self, uint32_t fieldNumber);
+
+/**
+ * Checks if the given field is set on a message.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message to check.
+ * @param field The field to check.
+ *
+ * @return YES if the field is set on the given message.
+ **/
+BOOL GPBMessageHasFieldSet(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Clears the given field for the given message.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message for which to clear the field.
+ * @param field The field to clear.
+ **/
+void GPBClearMessageField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND GPB_ACCESSORS()
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+
+//
+// Get/Set a given field from/to a message.
+//
+
+// Single Fields
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a bytes field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The field to get.
+ **/
+NSData *GPBGetMessageBytesField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a bytes field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field The field to set.
+ * @param value The to set in the field.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageBytesField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, NSData *value);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a string field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The field to get.
+ **/
+NSString *GPBGetMessageStringField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a string field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field The field to set.
+ * @param value The to set in the field.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageStringField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, NSString *value);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a message field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The field to get.
+ **/
+GPBMessage *GPBGetMessageMessageField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a message field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field The field to set.
+ * @param value The to set in the field.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageMessageField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, GPBMessage *value);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a group field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The field to get.
+ **/
+GPBMessage *GPBGetMessageGroupField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a group field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field The field to set.
+ * @param value The to set in the field.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageGroupField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, GPBMessage *value);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a bool field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The field to get.
+ **/
+BOOL GPBGetMessageBoolField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a bool field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field The field to set.
+ * @param value The to set in the field.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageBoolField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, BOOL value);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of an int32 field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The field to get.
+ **/
+int32_t GPBGetMessageInt32Field(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of an int32 field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field The field to set.
+ * @param value The to set in the field.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageInt32Field(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, int32_t value);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of an uint32 field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The field to get.
+ **/
+uint32_t GPBGetMessageUInt32Field(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of an uint32 field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field The field to set.
+ * @param value The to set in the field.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageUInt32Field(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, uint32_t value);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of an int64 field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The field to get.
+ **/
+int64_t GPBGetMessageInt64Field(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of an int64 field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field The field to set.
+ * @param value The to set in the field.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageInt64Field(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, int64_t value);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of an uint64 field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The field to get.
+ **/
+uint64_t GPBGetMessageUInt64Field(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of an uint64 field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field The field to set.
+ * @param value The to set in the field.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageUInt64Field(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, uint64_t value);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a float field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The field to get.
+ **/
+float GPBGetMessageFloatField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a float field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field The field to set.
+ * @param value The to set in the field.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageFloatField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, float value);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a double field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The field to get.
+ **/
+double GPBGetMessageDoubleField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a double field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field The field to set.
+ * @param value The to set in the field.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageDoubleField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, double value);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the given enum field of a message. For proto3, if the value isn't a
+ * member of the enum, @c kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue will be returned.
+ * GPBGetMessageRawEnumField will bypass the check and return whatever value
+ * was set.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The field to get.
+ *
+ * @return The enum value for the given field.
+ **/
+int32_t GPBGetMessageEnumField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Set the given enum field of a message. You can only set values that are
+ * members of the enum.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field The field to set.
+ * @param value The enum value to set in the field.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageEnumField(GPBMessage *self,
+                            GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                            int32_t value);
+
+/**
+ * Get the given enum field of a message. No check is done to ensure the value
+ * was defined in the enum.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The field to get.
+ *
+ * @return The raw enum value for the given field.
+ **/
+int32_t GPBGetMessageRawEnumField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Set the given enum field of a message. You can set the value to anything,
+ * even a value that is not a member of the enum.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field The field to set.
+ * @param value The raw enum value to set in the field.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageRawEnumField(GPBMessage *self,
+                               GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                               int32_t value);
+
+// Repeated Fields
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a repeated field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The repeated field to get.
+ *
+ * @return A GPB*Array or an NSMutableArray based on the field's type.
+ **/
+id GPBGetMessageRepeatedField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a repeated field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field The field to set.
+ * @param array A GPB*Array or NSMutableArray based on the field's type.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageRepeatedField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                id array);
+
+// Map Fields
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a map<> field.
+ *
+ * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+ * @param field The repeated field to get.
+ *
+ * @return A GPB*Dictionary or NSMutableDictionary based on the field's type.
+ **/
+id GPBGetMessageMapField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a map<> field.
+ *
+ * @param self       The message into which to set the field.
+ * @param field      The field to set.
+ * @param dictionary A GPB*Dictionary or NSMutableDictionary based on the
+ *                   field's type.
+ **/
+void GPBSetMessageMapField(GPBMessage *self,
+                           GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                           id dictionary);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END GPB_ACCESSORS()
+
+/**
+ * Returns an empty NSData to assign to byte fields when you wish to assign them
+ * to empty. Prevents allocating a lot of little [NSData data] objects.
+ **/
+NSData *GPBEmptyNSData(void) __attribute__((pure));
+
+/**
+ * Drops the `unknownFields` from the given message and from all sub message.
+ **/
+void GPBMessageDropUnknownFieldsRecursively(GPBMessage *message);
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
+
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE GPB_ACCESSORS()
+//%
+//%//
+//%// Get/Set a given field from/to a message.
+//%//
+//%
+//%// Single Fields
+//%
+//%GPB_ACCESSOR_SINGLE_FULL(Bytes, NSData, , *)
+//%GPB_ACCESSOR_SINGLE_FULL(String, NSString, , *)
+//%GPB_ACCESSOR_SINGLE_FULL(Message, GPBMessage, , *)
+//%GPB_ACCESSOR_SINGLE_FULL(Group, GPBMessage, , *)
+//%GPB_ACCESSOR_SINGLE(Bool, BOOL, )
+//%GPB_ACCESSOR_SINGLE(Int32, int32_t, n)
+//%GPB_ACCESSOR_SINGLE(UInt32, uint32_t, n)
+//%GPB_ACCESSOR_SINGLE(Int64, int64_t, n)
+//%GPB_ACCESSOR_SINGLE(UInt64, uint64_t, n)
+//%GPB_ACCESSOR_SINGLE(Float, float, )
+//%GPB_ACCESSOR_SINGLE(Double, double, )
+//%/**
+//% * Gets the given enum field of a message. For proto3, if the value isn't a
+//% * member of the enum, @c kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue will be returned.
+//% * GPBGetMessageRawEnumField will bypass the check and return whatever value
+//% * was set.
+//% *
+//% * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+//% * @param field The field to get.
+//% *
+//% * @return The enum value for the given field.
+//% **/
+//%int32_t GPBGetMessageEnumField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Set the given enum field of a message. You can only set values that are
+//% * members of the enum.
+//% *
+//% * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+//% * @param field The field to set.
+//% * @param value The enum value to set in the field.
+//% **/
+//%void GPBSetMessageEnumField(GPBMessage *self,
+//%                            GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+//%                            int32_t value);
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Get the given enum field of a message. No check is done to ensure the value
+//% * was defined in the enum.
+//% *
+//% * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+//% * @param field The field to get.
+//% *
+//% * @return The raw enum value for the given field.
+//% **/
+//%int32_t GPBGetMessageRawEnumField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Set the given enum field of a message. You can set the value to anything,
+//% * even a value that is not a member of the enum.
+//% *
+//% * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+//% * @param field The field to set.
+//% * @param value The raw enum value to set in the field.
+//% **/
+//%void GPBSetMessageRawEnumField(GPBMessage *self,
+//%                               GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+//%                               int32_t value);
+//%
+//%// Repeated Fields
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Gets the value of a repeated field.
+//% *
+//% * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+//% * @param field The repeated field to get.
+//% *
+//% * @return A GPB*Array or an NSMutableArray based on the field's type.
+//% **/
+//%id GPBGetMessageRepeatedField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Sets the value of a repeated field.
+//% *
+//% * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+//% * @param field The field to set.
+//% * @param array A GPB*Array or NSMutableArray based on the field's type.
+//% **/
+//%void GPBSetMessageRepeatedField(GPBMessage *self,
+//%                                GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+//%                                id array);
+//%
+//%// Map Fields
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Gets the value of a map<> field.
+//% *
+//% * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+//% * @param field The repeated field to get.
+//% *
+//% * @return A GPB*Dictionary or NSMutableDictionary based on the field's type.
+//% **/
+//%id GPBGetMessageMapField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Sets the value of a map<> field.
+//% *
+//% * @param self       The message into which to set the field.
+//% * @param field      The field to set.
+//% * @param dictionary A GPB*Dictionary or NSMutableDictionary based on the
+//% *                   field's type.
+//% **/
+//%void GPBSetMessageMapField(GPBMessage *self,
+//%                           GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+//%                           id dictionary);
+//%
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE GPB_ACCESSOR_SINGLE(NAME, TYPE, AN)
+//%GPB_ACCESSOR_SINGLE_FULL(NAME, TYPE, AN, )
+//%PDDM-DEFINE GPB_ACCESSOR_SINGLE_FULL(NAME, TYPE, AN, TisP)
+//%/**
+//% * Gets the value of a##AN NAME$L field.
+//% *
+//% * @param self  The message from which to get the field.
+//% * @param field The field to get.
+//% **/
+//%TYPE TisP##GPBGetMessage##NAME##Field(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+//%
+//%/**
+//% * Sets the value of a##AN NAME$L field.
+//% *
+//% * @param self  The message into which to set the field.
+//% * @param field The field to set.
+//% * @param value The to set in the field.
+//% **/
+//%void GPBSetMessage##NAME##Field(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, TYPE TisP##value);
+//%
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUtilities.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUtilities.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d3a08008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUtilities.m
@@ -0,0 +1,2214 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+#import <objc/runtime.h>
+
+#import "GPBArray_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBDescriptor_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBDictionary_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownField.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownFieldSet.h"
+
+// Direct access is use for speed, to avoid even internally declaring things
+// read/write, etc. The warning is enabled in the project to ensure code calling
+// protos can turn on -Wdirect-ivar-access without issues.
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+static void AppendTextFormatForMessage(GPBMessage *message,
+                                       NSMutableString *toStr,
+                                       NSString *lineIndent);
+
+// Are two datatypes the same basic type representation (ex Int32 and SInt32).
+// Marked unused because currently only called from asserts/debug.
+static BOOL DataTypesEquivalent(GPBDataType type1,
+                                GPBDataType type2) __attribute__ ((unused));
+
+// Basic type representation for a type (ex: for SInt32 it is Int32).
+// Marked unused because currently only called from asserts/debug.
+static GPBDataType BaseDataType(GPBDataType type) __attribute__ ((unused));
+
+// String name for a data type.
+// Marked unused because currently only called from asserts/debug.
+static NSString *TypeToString(GPBDataType dataType) __attribute__ ((unused));
+
+NSData *GPBEmptyNSData(void) {
+  static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
+  static NSData *defaultNSData = nil;
+  dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
+    defaultNSData = [[NSData alloc] init];
+  });
+  return defaultNSData;
+}
+
+void GPBMessageDropUnknownFieldsRecursively(GPBMessage *initialMessage) {
+  if (!initialMessage) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Use an array as a list to process to avoid recursion.
+  NSMutableArray *todo = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:initialMessage];
+
+  while (todo.count) {
+    GPBMessage *msg = todo.lastObject;
+    [todo removeLastObject];
+
+    // Clear unknowns.
+    msg.unknownFields = nil;
+
+    // Handle the message fields.
+    GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [[msg class] descriptor];
+    for (GPBFieldDescriptor *field in descriptor->fields_) {
+      if (!GPBFieldDataTypeIsMessage(field)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      switch (field.fieldType) {
+        case GPBFieldTypeSingle:
+          if (GPBGetHasIvarField(msg, field)) {
+            GPBMessage *fieldMessage = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(msg, field);
+            [todo addObject:fieldMessage];
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case GPBFieldTypeRepeated: {
+          NSArray *fieldMessages = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(msg, field);
+          if (fieldMessages.count) {
+            [todo addObjectsFromArray:fieldMessages];
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case GPBFieldTypeMap: {
+          id rawFieldMap = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(msg, field);
+          switch (field.mapKeyDataType) {
+            case GPBDataTypeBool:
+              [(GPBBoolObjectDictionary*)rawFieldMap enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(
+                  BOOL key, id _Nonnull object, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
+                #pragma unused(key, stop)
+                [todo addObject:object];
+              }];
+              break;
+            case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+            case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+              [(GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary*)rawFieldMap enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(
+                  uint32_t key, id _Nonnull object, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
+                #pragma unused(key, stop)
+                [todo addObject:object];
+              }];
+              break;
+            case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+            case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+            case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+              [(GPBInt32ObjectDictionary*)rawFieldMap enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(
+                  int32_t key, id _Nonnull object, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
+                #pragma unused(key, stop)
+                [todo addObject:object];
+              }];
+              break;
+            case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+            case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+              [(GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary*)rawFieldMap enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(
+                  uint64_t key, id _Nonnull object, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
+                #pragma unused(key, stop)
+                [todo addObject:object];
+              }];
+              break;
+            case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+            case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+            case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+              [(GPBInt64ObjectDictionary*)rawFieldMap enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(
+                  int64_t key, id _Nonnull object, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
+                #pragma unused(key, stop)
+                [todo addObject:object];
+              }];
+              break;
+            case GPBDataTypeString:
+              [(NSDictionary*)rawFieldMap enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(
+                  NSString * _Nonnull key, GPBMessage * _Nonnull obj, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
+                #pragma unused(key, stop)
+                [todo addObject:obj];
+              }];
+              break;
+            case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+            case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+            case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+            case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+            case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+            case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+              NSCAssert(NO, @"Aren't valid key types.");
+          }
+          break;
+        }  // switch(field.mapKeyDataType)
+      }  // switch(field.fieldType)
+    }  // for(fields)
+
+    // Handle any extensions holding messages.
+    for (GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension in [msg extensionsCurrentlySet]) {
+      if (!GPBDataTypeIsMessage(extension.dataType)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (extension.isRepeated) {
+        NSArray *extMessages = [msg getExtension:extension];
+        [todo addObjectsFromArray:extMessages];
+      } else {
+        GPBMessage *extMessage = [msg getExtension:extension];
+        [todo addObject:extMessage];
+      }
+    }  // for(extensionsCurrentlySet)
+
+  }  // while(todo.count)
+}
+
+
+// -- About Version Checks --
+// There's actually 3 places these checks all come into play:
+// 1. When the generated source is compile into .o files, the header check
+//    happens. This is checking the protoc used matches the library being used
+//    when making the .o.
+// 2. Every place a generated proto header is included in a developer's code,
+//    the header check comes into play again. But this time it is checking that
+//    the current library headers being used still support/match the ones for
+//    the generated code.
+// 3. At runtime the final check here (GPBCheckRuntimeVersionsInternal), is
+//    called from the generated code passing in values captured when the
+//    generated code's .o was made. This checks that at runtime the generated
+//    code and runtime library match.
+
+void GPBCheckRuntimeVersionSupport(int32_t objcRuntimeVersion) {
+  // NOTE: This is passing the value captured in the compiled code to check
+  // against the values captured when the runtime support was compiled. This
+  // ensures the library code isn't in a different framework/library that
+  // was generated with a non matching version.
+  if (GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION < objcRuntimeVersion) {
+    // Library is too old for headers.
+    [NSException raise:NSInternalInconsistencyException
+                format:@"Linked to ProtocolBuffer runtime version %d,"
+                       @" but code compiled needing atleast %d!",
+                       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION, objcRuntimeVersion];
+  }
+  if (objcRuntimeVersion < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION) {
+    // Headers are too old for library.
+    [NSException raise:NSInternalInconsistencyException
+                format:@"Proto generation source compiled against runtime"
+                       @" version %d, but this version of the runtime only"
+                       @" supports back to %d!",
+                       objcRuntimeVersion,
+                       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION];
+  }
+}
+
+// This api is no longer used for version checks. 30001 is the last version
+// using this old versioning model. When that support is removed, this function
+// can be removed (along with the declaration in GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h).
+void GPBCheckRuntimeVersionInternal(int32_t version) {
+  GPBInternalCompileAssert(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION == 30001,
+                           time_to_remove_this_old_version_shim);
+  if (version != GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInternalInconsistencyException
+                format:@"Linked to ProtocolBuffer runtime version %d,"
+                       @" but code compiled with version %d!",
+                       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_GEN_VERSION, version];
+  }
+}
+
+BOOL GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(GPBMessage *self, uint32_t fieldNumber) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [self descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:fieldNumber];
+  return GPBMessageHasFieldSet(self, field);
+}
+
+BOOL GPBMessageHasFieldSet(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  if (self == nil || field == nil) return NO;
+
+  // Repeated/Map don't use the bit, they check the count.
+  if (GPBFieldIsMapOrArray(field)) {
+    // Array/map type doesn't matter, since GPB*Array/NSArray and
+    // GPB*Dictionary/NSDictionary all support -count;
+    NSArray *arrayOrMap = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(self, field);
+    return (arrayOrMap.count > 0);
+  } else {
+    return GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field);
+  }
+}
+
+void GPBClearMessageField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  // If not set, nothing to do.
+  if (!GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (GPBFieldStoresObject(field)) {
+    // Object types are handled slightly differently, they need to be released.
+    uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+    id *typePtr = (id *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+    [*typePtr release];
+    *typePtr = nil;
+  } else {
+    // POD types just need to clear the has bit as the Get* method will
+    // fetch the default when needed.
+  }
+  GPBSetHasIvarField(self, field, NO);
+}
+
+BOOL GPBGetHasIvar(GPBMessage *self, int32_t idx, uint32_t fieldNumber) {
+  NSCAssert(self->messageStorage_ != NULL,
+            @"%@: All messages should have storage (from init)",
+            [self class]);
+  if (idx < 0) {
+    NSCAssert(fieldNumber != 0, @"Invalid field number.");
+    BOOL hasIvar = (self->messageStorage_->_has_storage_[-idx] == fieldNumber);
+    return hasIvar;
+  } else {
+    NSCAssert(idx != GPBNoHasBit, @"Invalid has bit.");
+    uint32_t byteIndex = idx / 32;
+    uint32_t bitMask = (1U << (idx % 32));
+    BOOL hasIvar =
+        (self->messageStorage_->_has_storage_[byteIndex] & bitMask) ? YES : NO;
+    return hasIvar;
+  }
+}
+
+uint32_t GPBGetHasOneof(GPBMessage *self, int32_t idx) {
+  NSCAssert(idx < 0, @"%@: invalid index (%d) for oneof.",
+            [self class], idx);
+  uint32_t result = self->messageStorage_->_has_storage_[-idx];
+  return result;
+}
+
+void GPBSetHasIvar(GPBMessage *self, int32_t idx, uint32_t fieldNumber,
+                   BOOL value) {
+  if (idx < 0) {
+    NSCAssert(fieldNumber != 0, @"Invalid field number.");
+    uint32_t *has_storage = self->messageStorage_->_has_storage_;
+    has_storage[-idx] = (value ? fieldNumber : 0);
+  } else {
+    NSCAssert(idx != GPBNoHasBit, @"Invalid has bit.");
+    uint32_t *has_storage = self->messageStorage_->_has_storage_;
+    uint32_t byte = idx / 32;
+    uint32_t bitMask = (1U << (idx % 32));
+    if (value) {
+      has_storage[byte] |= bitMask;
+    } else {
+      has_storage[byte] &= ~bitMask;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void GPBMaybeClearOneof(GPBMessage *self, GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof,
+                        int32_t oneofHasIndex, uint32_t fieldNumberNotToClear) {
+  uint32_t fieldNumberSet = GPBGetHasOneof(self, oneofHasIndex);
+  if ((fieldNumberSet == fieldNumberNotToClear) || (fieldNumberSet == 0)) {
+    // Do nothing/nothing set in the oneof.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Like GPBClearMessageField(), free the memory if an objecttype is set,
+  // pod types don't need to do anything.
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldSet = [oneof fieldWithNumber:fieldNumberSet];
+  NSCAssert(fieldSet,
+            @"%@: oneof set to something (%u) not in the oneof?",
+            [self class], fieldNumberSet);
+  if (fieldSet && GPBFieldStoresObject(fieldSet)) {
+    uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+    id *typePtr = (id *)&storage[fieldSet->description_->offset];
+    [*typePtr release];
+    *typePtr = nil;
+  }
+
+  // Set to nothing stored in the oneof.
+  // (field number doesn't matter since setting to nothing).
+  GPBSetHasIvar(self, oneofHasIndex, 1, NO);
+}
+
+#pragma mark - IVar accessors
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE IVAR_POD_ACCESSORS_DEFN(NAME, TYPE)
+//%TYPE GPBGetMessage##NAME##Field(GPBMessage *self,
+//% TYPE$S            NAME$S       GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+//%#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+//%  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+//%                                GPBDataType##NAME),
+//%            @"Attempting to get value of TYPE from field %@ "
+//%            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+//%            [self class], field.name,
+//%            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+//%#endif
+//%  if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+//%    uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+//%    TYPE *typePtr = (TYPE *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+//%    return *typePtr;
+//%  } else {
+//%    return field.defaultValue.value##NAME;
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+//%void GPBSetMessage##NAME##Field(GPBMessage *self,
+//%                   NAME$S     GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+//%                   NAME$S     TYPE value) {
+//%  if (self == nil || field == nil) return;
+//%  GPBFileSyntax syntax = [self descriptor].file.syntax;
+//%  GPBSet##NAME##IvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, value, syntax);
+//%}
+//%
+//%void GPBSet##NAME##IvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+//%            NAME$S                     GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+//%            NAME$S                     TYPE value,
+//%            NAME$S                     GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+//%#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+//%  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+//%                                GPBDataType##NAME),
+//%            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+//%            @"value of type TYPE.",
+//%            [self class], field.name,
+//%            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+//%#endif
+//%  GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof = field->containingOneof_;
+//%  if (oneof) {
+//%    GPBMessageFieldDescription *fieldDesc = field->description_;
+//%    GPBMaybeClearOneof(self, oneof, fieldDesc->hasIndex, fieldDesc->number);
+//%  }
+//%#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+//%  NSCAssert(self->messageStorage_ != NULL,
+//%            @"%@: All messages should have storage (from init)",
+//%            [self class]);
+//%#endif
+//%#if defined(__clang_analyzer__)
+//%  if (self->messageStorage_ == NULL) return;
+//%#endif
+//%  uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+//%  TYPE *typePtr = (TYPE *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+//%  *typePtr = value;
+//%  // proto2: any value counts as having been set; proto3, it
+//%  // has to be a non zero value or be in a oneof.
+//%  BOOL hasValue = ((syntax == GPBFileSyntaxProto2)
+//%                   || (value != (TYPE)0)
+//%                   || (field->containingOneof_ != NULL));
+//%  GPBSetHasIvarField(self, field, hasValue);
+//%  GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+//%}
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE IVAR_ALIAS_DEFN_OBJECT(NAME, TYPE)
+//%// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+//%TYPE *GPBGetMessage##NAME##Field(GPBMessage *self,
+//% TYPE$S             NAME$S       GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+//%#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+//%  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+//%                                GPBDataType##NAME),
+//%            @"Attempting to get value of TYPE from field %@ "
+//%            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+//%            [self class], field.name,
+//%            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+//%#endif
+//%  return (TYPE *)GPBGetObjectIvarWithField(self, field);
+//%}
+//%
+//%// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+//%void GPBSetMessage##NAME##Field(GPBMessage *self,
+//%                   NAME$S     GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+//%                   NAME$S     TYPE *value) {
+//%#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+//%  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+//%                                GPBDataType##NAME),
+//%            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+//%            @"value of type TYPE.",
+//%            [self class], field.name,
+//%            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+//%#endif
+//%  GPBSetObjectIvarWithField(self, field, (id)value);
+//%}
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE IVAR_ALIAS_DEFN_COPY_OBJECT(NAME, TYPE)
+//%// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+//%TYPE *GPBGetMessage##NAME##Field(GPBMessage *self,
+//% TYPE$S             NAME$S       GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+//%#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+//%  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+//%                                GPBDataType##NAME),
+//%            @"Attempting to get value of TYPE from field %@ "
+//%            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+//%            [self class], field.name,
+//%            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+//%#endif
+//%  return (TYPE *)GPBGetObjectIvarWithField(self, field);
+//%}
+//%
+//%// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+//%void GPBSetMessage##NAME##Field(GPBMessage *self,
+//%                   NAME$S     GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+//%                   NAME$S     TYPE *value) {
+//%#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+//%  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+//%                                GPBDataType##NAME),
+//%            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+//%            @"value of type TYPE.",
+//%            [self class], field.name,
+//%            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+//%#endif
+//%  GPBSetCopyObjectIvarWithField(self, field, (id)value);
+//%}
+//%
+
+// Object types are handled slightly differently, they need to be released
+// and retained.
+
+void GPBSetAutocreatedRetainedObjectIvarWithField(
+    GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+    id __attribute__((ns_consumed)) value) {
+  uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+  id *typePtr = (id *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+  NSCAssert(*typePtr == NULL, @"Can't set autocreated object more than once.");
+  *typePtr = value;
+}
+
+void GPBClearAutocreatedMessageIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                             GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+  id *typePtr = (id *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+  GPBMessage *oldValue = *typePtr;
+  *typePtr = NULL;
+  GPBClearMessageAutocreator(oldValue);
+  [oldValue release];
+}
+
+// This exists only for briging some aliased types, nothing else should use it.
+static void GPBSetObjectIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                      GPBFieldDescriptor *field, id value) {
+  if (self == nil || field == nil) return;
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = [self descriptor].file.syntax;
+  GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, [value retain],
+                                            syntax);
+}
+
+static void GPBSetCopyObjectIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                          GPBFieldDescriptor *field, id value);
+
+// GPBSetCopyObjectIvarWithField is blocked from the analyzer because it flags
+// a leak for the -copy even though GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal
+// is marked as consuming the value. Note: For some reason this doesn't happen
+// with the -retain in GPBSetObjectIvarWithField.
+#if !defined(__clang_analyzer__)
+// This exists only for briging some aliased types, nothing else should use it.
+static void GPBSetCopyObjectIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                          GPBFieldDescriptor *field, id value) {
+  if (self == nil || field == nil) return;
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = [self descriptor].file.syntax;
+  GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, [value copy],
+                                            syntax);
+}
+#endif  // !defined(__clang_analyzer__)
+
+void GPBSetObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                       GPBFieldDescriptor *field, id value,
+                                       GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+  GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, [value retain],
+                                            syntax);
+}
+
+void GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                               GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                               id value, GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+  NSCAssert(self->messageStorage_ != NULL,
+            @"%@: All messages should have storage (from init)",
+            [self class]);
+#if defined(__clang_analyzer__)
+  if (self->messageStorage_ == NULL) return;
+#endif
+  GPBDataType fieldType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  BOOL isMapOrArray = GPBFieldIsMapOrArray(field);
+  BOOL fieldIsMessage = GPBDataTypeIsMessage(fieldType);
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  if (value == nil && !isMapOrArray && !fieldIsMessage &&
+      field.hasDefaultValue) {
+    // Setting a message to nil is an obvious way to "clear" the value
+    // as there is no way to set a non-empty default value for messages.
+    //
+    // For Strings and Bytes that have default values set it is not clear what
+    // should be done when their value is set to nil. Is the intention just to
+    // clear the set value and reset to default, or is the intention to set the
+    // value to the empty string/data? Arguments can be made for both cases.
+    // 'nil' has been abused as a replacement for an empty string/data in ObjC.
+    // We decided to be consistent with all "object" types and clear the has
+    // field, and fall back on the default value. The warning below will only
+    // appear in debug, but the could should be changed so the intention is
+    // clear.
+    NSString *hasSel = NSStringFromSelector(field->hasOrCountSel_);
+    NSString *propName = field.name;
+    NSString *className = self.descriptor.name;
+    NSLog(@"warning: '%@.%@ = nil;' is not clearly defined for fields with "
+          @"default values. Please use '%@.%@ = %@' if you want to set it to "
+          @"empty, or call '%@.%@ = NO' to reset it to it's default value of "
+          @"'%@'. Defaulting to resetting default value.",
+          className, propName, className, propName,
+          (fieldType == GPBDataTypeString) ? @"@\"\"" : @"GPBEmptyNSData()",
+          className, hasSel, field.defaultValue.valueString);
+    // Note: valueString, depending on the type, it could easily be
+    // valueData/valueMessage.
+  }
+#endif  // DEBUG
+  if (!isMapOrArray) {
+    // Non repeated/map can be in an oneof, clear any existing value from the
+    // oneof.
+    GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof = field->containingOneof_;
+    if (oneof) {
+      GPBMessageFieldDescription *fieldDesc = field->description_;
+      GPBMaybeClearOneof(self, oneof, fieldDesc->hasIndex, fieldDesc->number);
+    }
+    // Clear "has" if they are being set to nil.
+    BOOL setHasValue = (value != nil);
+    // Under proto3, Bytes & String fields get cleared by resetting them to
+    // their default (empty) values, so if they are set to something of length
+    // zero, they are being cleared.
+    if ((syntax == GPBFileSyntaxProto3) && !fieldIsMessage &&
+        ([value length] == 0)) {
+      // Except, if the field was in a oneof, then it still gets recorded as
+      // having been set so the state of the oneof can be serialized back out.
+      if (!oneof) {
+        setHasValue = NO;
+      }
+      if (setHasValue) {
+        NSCAssert(value != nil, @"Should never be setting has for nil");
+      } else {
+        // The value passed in was retained, it must be released since we
+        // aren't saving anything in the field.
+        [value release];
+        value = nil;
+      }
+    }
+    GPBSetHasIvarField(self, field, setHasValue);
+  }
+  uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+  id *typePtr = (id *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+
+  id oldValue = *typePtr;
+
+  *typePtr = value;
+
+  if (oldValue) {
+    if (isMapOrArray) {
+      if (field.fieldType == GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+        // If the old array was autocreated by us, then clear it.
+        if (GPBDataTypeIsObject(fieldType)) {
+          if ([oldValue isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]) {
+            GPBAutocreatedArray *autoArray = oldValue;
+            if (autoArray->_autocreator == self) {
+              autoArray->_autocreator = nil;
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          // Type doesn't matter, it is a GPB*Array.
+          GPBInt32Array *gpbArray = oldValue;
+          if (gpbArray->_autocreator == self) {
+            gpbArray->_autocreator = nil;
+          }
+        }
+      } else { // GPBFieldTypeMap
+        // If the old map was autocreated by us, then clear it.
+        if ((field.mapKeyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) &&
+            GPBDataTypeIsObject(fieldType)) {
+          if ([oldValue isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]) {
+            GPBAutocreatedDictionary *autoDict = oldValue;
+            if (autoDict->_autocreator == self) {
+              autoDict->_autocreator = nil;
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          // Type doesn't matter, it is a GPB*Dictionary.
+          GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *gpbDict = oldValue;
+          if (gpbDict->_autocreator == self) {
+            gpbDict->_autocreator = nil;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (fieldIsMessage) {
+      // If the old message value was autocreated by us, then clear it.
+      GPBMessage *oldMessageValue = oldValue;
+      if (GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(oldMessageValue, self)) {
+        GPBClearMessageAutocreator(oldMessageValue);
+      }
+    }
+    [oldValue release];
+  }
+
+  GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+}
+
+id GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(GPBMessage *self,
+                                         GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  if (self->messageStorage_ == nil) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+  uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+  id *typePtr = (id *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+  return *typePtr;
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+int32_t GPBGetMessageEnumField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = [self descriptor].file.syntax;
+  return GPBGetEnumIvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, syntax);
+}
+
+int32_t GPBGetEnumIvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                        GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                        GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(GPBGetFieldDataType(field) == GPBDataTypeEnum,
+            @"Attempting to get value of type Enum from field %@ "
+            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  int32_t result = GPBGetMessageInt32Field(self, field);
+  // If this is presevering unknown enums, make sure the value is valid before
+  // returning it.
+  if (GPBHasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(syntax) &&
+      ![field isValidEnumValue:result]) {
+    result = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageEnumField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                            int32_t value) {
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = [self descriptor].file.syntax;
+  GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, value, syntax);
+}
+
+void GPBSetEnumIvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                     GPBFieldDescriptor *field, int32_t value,
+                                     GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(GPBGetFieldDataType(field) == GPBDataTypeEnum,
+            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+            @"value of type Enum.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  // Don't allow in unknown values.  Proto3 can use the Raw method.
+  if (![field isValidEnumValue:value]) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"%@.%@: Attempt to set an unknown enum value (%d)",
+                       [self class], field.name, value];
+  }
+  GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, value, syntax);
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+int32_t GPBGetMessageRawEnumField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                  GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  int32_t result = GPBGetMessageInt32Field(self, field);
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageRawEnumField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                               int32_t value) {
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = [self descriptor].file.syntax;
+  GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, value, syntax);
+}
+
+BOOL GPBGetMessageBoolField(GPBMessage *self,
+                            GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field), GPBDataTypeBool),
+            @"Attempting to get value of type bool from field %@ "
+            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+    // Bools are stored in the has bits to avoid needing explicit space in the
+    // storage structure.
+    // (the field number passed to the HasIvar helper doesn't really matter
+    // since the offset is never negative)
+    GPBMessageFieldDescription *fieldDesc = field->description_;
+    return GPBGetHasIvar(self, (int32_t)(fieldDesc->offset), fieldDesc->number);
+  } else {
+    return field.defaultValue.valueBool;
+  }
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageBoolField(GPBMessage *self,
+                            GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                            BOOL value) {
+  if (self == nil || field == nil) return;
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = [self descriptor].file.syntax;
+  GPBSetBoolIvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, value, syntax);
+}
+
+void GPBSetBoolIvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                     GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                     BOOL value,
+                                     GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field), GPBDataTypeBool),
+            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+            @"value of type bool.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  GPBMessageFieldDescription *fieldDesc = field->description_;
+  GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof = field->containingOneof_;
+  if (oneof) {
+    GPBMaybeClearOneof(self, oneof, fieldDesc->hasIndex, fieldDesc->number);
+  }
+
+  // Bools are stored in the has bits to avoid needing explicit space in the
+  // storage structure.
+  // (the field number passed to the HasIvar helper doesn't really matter since
+  // the offset is never negative)
+  GPBSetHasIvar(self, (int32_t)(fieldDesc->offset), fieldDesc->number, value);
+
+  // proto2: any value counts as having been set; proto3, it
+  // has to be a non zero value or be in a oneof.
+  BOOL hasValue = ((syntax == GPBFileSyntaxProto2)
+                   || (value != (BOOL)0)
+                   || (field->containingOneof_ != NULL));
+  GPBSetHasIvarField(self, field, hasValue);
+  GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND IVAR_POD_ACCESSORS_DEFN(Int32, int32_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+int32_t GPBGetMessageInt32Field(GPBMessage *self,
+                                GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeInt32),
+            @"Attempting to get value of int32_t from field %@ "
+            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+    uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+    int32_t *typePtr = (int32_t *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+    return *typePtr;
+  } else {
+    return field.defaultValue.valueInt32;
+  }
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageInt32Field(GPBMessage *self,
+                             GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                             int32_t value) {
+  if (self == nil || field == nil) return;
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = [self descriptor].file.syntax;
+  GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, value, syntax);
+}
+
+void GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                      GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                      int32_t value,
+                                      GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeInt32),
+            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+            @"value of type int32_t.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof = field->containingOneof_;
+  if (oneof) {
+    GPBMessageFieldDescription *fieldDesc = field->description_;
+    GPBMaybeClearOneof(self, oneof, fieldDesc->hasIndex, fieldDesc->number);
+  }
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(self->messageStorage_ != NULL,
+            @"%@: All messages should have storage (from init)",
+            [self class]);
+#endif
+#if defined(__clang_analyzer__)
+  if (self->messageStorage_ == NULL) return;
+#endif
+  uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+  int32_t *typePtr = (int32_t *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+  *typePtr = value;
+  // proto2: any value counts as having been set; proto3, it
+  // has to be a non zero value or be in a oneof.
+  BOOL hasValue = ((syntax == GPBFileSyntaxProto2)
+                   || (value != (int32_t)0)
+                   || (field->containingOneof_ != NULL));
+  GPBSetHasIvarField(self, field, hasValue);
+  GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND IVAR_POD_ACCESSORS_DEFN(UInt32, uint32_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+uint32_t GPBGetMessageUInt32Field(GPBMessage *self,
+                                  GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeUInt32),
+            @"Attempting to get value of uint32_t from field %@ "
+            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+    uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+    uint32_t *typePtr = (uint32_t *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+    return *typePtr;
+  } else {
+    return field.defaultValue.valueUInt32;
+  }
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageUInt32Field(GPBMessage *self,
+                              GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                              uint32_t value) {
+  if (self == nil || field == nil) return;
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = [self descriptor].file.syntax;
+  GPBSetUInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, value, syntax);
+}
+
+void GPBSetUInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                       GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                       uint32_t value,
+                                       GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeUInt32),
+            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+            @"value of type uint32_t.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof = field->containingOneof_;
+  if (oneof) {
+    GPBMessageFieldDescription *fieldDesc = field->description_;
+    GPBMaybeClearOneof(self, oneof, fieldDesc->hasIndex, fieldDesc->number);
+  }
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(self->messageStorage_ != NULL,
+            @"%@: All messages should have storage (from init)",
+            [self class]);
+#endif
+#if defined(__clang_analyzer__)
+  if (self->messageStorage_ == NULL) return;
+#endif
+  uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+  uint32_t *typePtr = (uint32_t *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+  *typePtr = value;
+  // proto2: any value counts as having been set; proto3, it
+  // has to be a non zero value or be in a oneof.
+  BOOL hasValue = ((syntax == GPBFileSyntaxProto2)
+                   || (value != (uint32_t)0)
+                   || (field->containingOneof_ != NULL));
+  GPBSetHasIvarField(self, field, hasValue);
+  GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND IVAR_POD_ACCESSORS_DEFN(Int64, int64_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+int64_t GPBGetMessageInt64Field(GPBMessage *self,
+                                GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeInt64),
+            @"Attempting to get value of int64_t from field %@ "
+            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+    uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+    int64_t *typePtr = (int64_t *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+    return *typePtr;
+  } else {
+    return field.defaultValue.valueInt64;
+  }
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageInt64Field(GPBMessage *self,
+                             GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                             int64_t value) {
+  if (self == nil || field == nil) return;
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = [self descriptor].file.syntax;
+  GPBSetInt64IvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, value, syntax);
+}
+
+void GPBSetInt64IvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                      GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                      int64_t value,
+                                      GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeInt64),
+            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+            @"value of type int64_t.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof = field->containingOneof_;
+  if (oneof) {
+    GPBMessageFieldDescription *fieldDesc = field->description_;
+    GPBMaybeClearOneof(self, oneof, fieldDesc->hasIndex, fieldDesc->number);
+  }
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(self->messageStorage_ != NULL,
+            @"%@: All messages should have storage (from init)",
+            [self class]);
+#endif
+#if defined(__clang_analyzer__)
+  if (self->messageStorage_ == NULL) return;
+#endif
+  uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+  int64_t *typePtr = (int64_t *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+  *typePtr = value;
+  // proto2: any value counts as having been set; proto3, it
+  // has to be a non zero value or be in a oneof.
+  BOOL hasValue = ((syntax == GPBFileSyntaxProto2)
+                   || (value != (int64_t)0)
+                   || (field->containingOneof_ != NULL));
+  GPBSetHasIvarField(self, field, hasValue);
+  GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND IVAR_POD_ACCESSORS_DEFN(UInt64, uint64_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+uint64_t GPBGetMessageUInt64Field(GPBMessage *self,
+                                  GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeUInt64),
+            @"Attempting to get value of uint64_t from field %@ "
+            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+    uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+    uint64_t *typePtr = (uint64_t *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+    return *typePtr;
+  } else {
+    return field.defaultValue.valueUInt64;
+  }
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageUInt64Field(GPBMessage *self,
+                              GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                              uint64_t value) {
+  if (self == nil || field == nil) return;
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = [self descriptor].file.syntax;
+  GPBSetUInt64IvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, value, syntax);
+}
+
+void GPBSetUInt64IvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                       GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                       uint64_t value,
+                                       GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeUInt64),
+            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+            @"value of type uint64_t.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof = field->containingOneof_;
+  if (oneof) {
+    GPBMessageFieldDescription *fieldDesc = field->description_;
+    GPBMaybeClearOneof(self, oneof, fieldDesc->hasIndex, fieldDesc->number);
+  }
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(self->messageStorage_ != NULL,
+            @"%@: All messages should have storage (from init)",
+            [self class]);
+#endif
+#if defined(__clang_analyzer__)
+  if (self->messageStorage_ == NULL) return;
+#endif
+  uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+  uint64_t *typePtr = (uint64_t *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+  *typePtr = value;
+  // proto2: any value counts as having been set; proto3, it
+  // has to be a non zero value or be in a oneof.
+  BOOL hasValue = ((syntax == GPBFileSyntaxProto2)
+                   || (value != (uint64_t)0)
+                   || (field->containingOneof_ != NULL));
+  GPBSetHasIvarField(self, field, hasValue);
+  GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND IVAR_POD_ACCESSORS_DEFN(Float, float)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+float GPBGetMessageFloatField(GPBMessage *self,
+                              GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeFloat),
+            @"Attempting to get value of float from field %@ "
+            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+    uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+    float *typePtr = (float *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+    return *typePtr;
+  } else {
+    return field.defaultValue.valueFloat;
+  }
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageFloatField(GPBMessage *self,
+                             GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                             float value) {
+  if (self == nil || field == nil) return;
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = [self descriptor].file.syntax;
+  GPBSetFloatIvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, value, syntax);
+}
+
+void GPBSetFloatIvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                      GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                      float value,
+                                      GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeFloat),
+            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+            @"value of type float.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof = field->containingOneof_;
+  if (oneof) {
+    GPBMessageFieldDescription *fieldDesc = field->description_;
+    GPBMaybeClearOneof(self, oneof, fieldDesc->hasIndex, fieldDesc->number);
+  }
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(self->messageStorage_ != NULL,
+            @"%@: All messages should have storage (from init)",
+            [self class]);
+#endif
+#if defined(__clang_analyzer__)
+  if (self->messageStorage_ == NULL) return;
+#endif
+  uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+  float *typePtr = (float *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+  *typePtr = value;
+  // proto2: any value counts as having been set; proto3, it
+  // has to be a non zero value or be in a oneof.
+  BOOL hasValue = ((syntax == GPBFileSyntaxProto2)
+                   || (value != (float)0)
+                   || (field->containingOneof_ != NULL));
+  GPBSetHasIvarField(self, field, hasValue);
+  GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND IVAR_POD_ACCESSORS_DEFN(Double, double)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+double GPBGetMessageDoubleField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeDouble),
+            @"Attempting to get value of double from field %@ "
+            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  if (GPBGetHasIvarField(self, field)) {
+    uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+    double *typePtr = (double *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+    return *typePtr;
+  } else {
+    return field.defaultValue.valueDouble;
+  }
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageDoubleField(GPBMessage *self,
+                              GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                              double value) {
+  if (self == nil || field == nil) return;
+  GPBFileSyntax syntax = [self descriptor].file.syntax;
+  GPBSetDoubleIvarWithFieldInternal(self, field, value, syntax);
+}
+
+void GPBSetDoubleIvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                       GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                       double value,
+                                       GPBFileSyntax syntax) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeDouble),
+            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+            @"value of type double.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof = field->containingOneof_;
+  if (oneof) {
+    GPBMessageFieldDescription *fieldDesc = field->description_;
+    GPBMaybeClearOneof(self, oneof, fieldDesc->hasIndex, fieldDesc->number);
+  }
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(self->messageStorage_ != NULL,
+            @"%@: All messages should have storage (from init)",
+            [self class]);
+#endif
+#if defined(__clang_analyzer__)
+  if (self->messageStorage_ == NULL) return;
+#endif
+  uint8_t *storage = (uint8_t *)self->messageStorage_;
+  double *typePtr = (double *)&storage[field->description_->offset];
+  *typePtr = value;
+  // proto2: any value counts as having been set; proto3, it
+  // has to be a non zero value or be in a oneof.
+  BOOL hasValue = ((syntax == GPBFileSyntaxProto2)
+                   || (value != (double)0)
+                   || (field->containingOneof_ != NULL));
+  GPBSetHasIvarField(self, field, hasValue);
+  GPBBecomeVisibleToAutocreator(self);
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (6 expansions)
+
+// Aliases are function calls that are virtually the same.
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND IVAR_ALIAS_DEFN_COPY_OBJECT(String, NSString)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+NSString *GPBGetMessageStringField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                   GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeString),
+            @"Attempting to get value of NSString from field %@ "
+            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  return (NSString *)GPBGetObjectIvarWithField(self, field);
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageStringField(GPBMessage *self,
+                              GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                              NSString *value) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeString),
+            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+            @"value of type NSString.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  GPBSetCopyObjectIvarWithField(self, field, (id)value);
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND IVAR_ALIAS_DEFN_COPY_OBJECT(Bytes, NSData)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+NSData *GPBGetMessageBytesField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeBytes),
+            @"Attempting to get value of NSData from field %@ "
+            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  return (NSData *)GPBGetObjectIvarWithField(self, field);
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageBytesField(GPBMessage *self,
+                             GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                             NSData *value) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeBytes),
+            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+            @"value of type NSData.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  GPBSetCopyObjectIvarWithField(self, field, (id)value);
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND IVAR_ALIAS_DEFN_OBJECT(Message, GPBMessage)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+GPBMessage *GPBGetMessageMessageField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                      GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeMessage),
+            @"Attempting to get value of GPBMessage from field %@ "
+            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  return (GPBMessage *)GPBGetObjectIvarWithField(self, field);
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageMessageField(GPBMessage *self,
+                               GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                               GPBMessage *value) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeMessage),
+            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+            @"value of type GPBMessage.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  GPBSetObjectIvarWithField(self, field, (id)value);
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND IVAR_ALIAS_DEFN_OBJECT(Group, GPBMessage)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+GPBMessage *GPBGetMessageGroupField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                    GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeGroup),
+            @"Attempting to get value of GPBMessage from field %@ "
+            @"of %@ which is of type %@.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  return (GPBMessage *)GPBGetObjectIvarWithField(self, field);
+}
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageGroupField(GPBMessage *self,
+                             GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                             GPBMessage *value) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  NSCAssert(DataTypesEquivalent(GPBGetFieldDataType(field),
+                                GPBDataTypeGroup),
+            @"Attempting to set field %@ of %@ which is of type %@ with "
+            @"value of type GPBMessage.",
+            [self class], field.name,
+            TypeToString(GPBGetFieldDataType(field)));
+#endif
+  GPBSetObjectIvarWithField(self, field, (id)value);
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (4 expansions)
+
+// GPBGetMessageRepeatedField is defined in GPBMessage.m
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageRepeatedField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, id array) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  if (field.fieldType != GPBFieldTypeRepeated) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"%@.%@ is not a repeated field.",
+                       [self class], field.name];
+  }
+  Class expectedClass = Nil;
+  switch (GPBGetFieldDataType(field)) {
+    case GPBDataTypeBool:
+      expectedClass = [GPBBoolArray class];
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+    case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+      expectedClass = [GPBInt32Array class];
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+      expectedClass = [GPBUInt32Array class];
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+    case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+      expectedClass = [GPBInt64Array class];
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+      expectedClass = [GPBUInt64Array class];
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+      expectedClass = [GPBFloatArray class];
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+      expectedClass = [GPBDoubleArray class];
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+    case GPBDataTypeString:
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+    case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+      expectedClass = [NSMutableArray class];
+      break;
+    case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+      expectedClass = [GPBEnumArray class];
+      break;
+  }
+  if (array && ![array isKindOfClass:expectedClass]) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"%@.%@: Expected %@ object, got %@.",
+                       [self class], field.name, expectedClass, [array class]];
+  }
+#endif
+  GPBSetObjectIvarWithField(self, field, array);
+}
+
+static GPBDataType BaseDataType(GPBDataType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+    case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+    case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+      return GPBDataTypeInt32;
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+      return GPBDataTypeUInt32;
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+    case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+      return GPBDataTypeInt64;
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+      return GPBDataTypeUInt64;
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+    case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+      return GPBDataTypeMessage;
+    case GPBDataTypeBool:
+    case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+    case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+    case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+    case GPBDataTypeString:
+      return type;
+   }
+}
+
+static BOOL DataTypesEquivalent(GPBDataType type1, GPBDataType type2) {
+  return BaseDataType(type1) == BaseDataType(type2);
+}
+
+static NSString *TypeToString(GPBDataType dataType) {
+  switch (dataType) {
+    case GPBDataTypeBool:
+      return @"Bool";
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed32:
+    case GPBDataTypeInt32:
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt32:
+      return @"Int32";
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed32:
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt32:
+      return @"UInt32";
+    case GPBDataTypeSFixed64:
+    case GPBDataTypeInt64:
+    case GPBDataTypeSInt64:
+      return @"Int64";
+    case GPBDataTypeFixed64:
+    case GPBDataTypeUInt64:
+      return @"UInt64";
+    case GPBDataTypeFloat:
+      return @"Float";
+    case GPBDataTypeDouble:
+      return @"Double";
+    case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+    case GPBDataTypeString:
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+    case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+      return @"Object";
+    case GPBDataTypeEnum:
+      return @"Enum";
+  }
+}
+
+// GPBGetMessageMapField is defined in GPBMessage.m
+
+// Only exists for public api, no core code should use this.
+void GPBSetMessageMapField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                           id dictionary) {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  if (field.fieldType != GPBFieldTypeMap) {
+    [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                format:@"%@.%@ is not a map<> field.",
+                       [self class], field.name];
+  }
+  if (dictionary) {
+    GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+    GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+    NSString *keyStr = TypeToString(keyDataType);
+    NSString *valueStr = TypeToString(valueDataType);
+    if (keyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) {
+      keyStr = @"String";
+    }
+    Class expectedClass = Nil;
+    if ((keyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) &&
+        GPBDataTypeIsObject(valueDataType)) {
+      expectedClass = [NSMutableDictionary class];
+    } else {
+      NSString *className =
+          [NSString stringWithFormat:@"GPB%@%@Dictionary", keyStr, valueStr];
+      expectedClass = NSClassFromString(className);
+      NSCAssert(expectedClass, @"Missing a class (%@)?", expectedClass);
+    }
+    if (![dictionary isKindOfClass:expectedClass]) {
+      [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
+                  format:@"%@.%@: Expected %@ object, got %@.",
+                         [self class], field.name, expectedClass,
+                         [dictionary class]];
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  GPBSetObjectIvarWithField(self, field, dictionary);
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Misc Dynamic Runtime Utils
+
+const char *GPBMessageEncodingForSelector(SEL selector, BOOL instanceSel) {
+  Protocol *protocol =
+      objc_getProtocol(GPBStringifySymbol(GPBMessageSignatureProtocol));
+  NSCAssert(protocol, @"Missing GPBMessageSignatureProtocol");
+  struct objc_method_description description =
+      protocol_getMethodDescription(protocol, selector, NO, instanceSel);
+  NSCAssert(description.name != Nil && description.types != nil,
+            @"Missing method for selector %@", NSStringFromSelector(selector));
+  return description.types;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Text Format Support
+
+static void AppendStringEscaped(NSString *toPrint, NSMutableString *destStr) {
+  [destStr appendString:@"\""];
+  NSUInteger len = [toPrint length];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    unichar aChar = [toPrint characterAtIndex:i];
+    switch (aChar) {
+      case '\n': [destStr appendString:@"\\n"];  break;
+      case '\r': [destStr appendString:@"\\r"];  break;
+      case '\t': [destStr appendString:@"\\t"];  break;
+      case '\"': [destStr appendString:@"\\\""]; break;
+      case '\'': [destStr appendString:@"\\\'"]; break;
+      case '\\': [destStr appendString:@"\\\\"]; break;
+      default:
+        // This differs slightly from the C++ code in that the C++ doesn't
+        // generate UTF8; it looks at the string in UTF8, but escapes every
+        // byte > 0x7E.
+        if (aChar < 0x20) {
+          [destStr appendFormat:@"\\%d%d%d",
+                                (aChar / 64), ((aChar % 64) / 8), (aChar % 8)];
+        } else {
+          [destStr appendFormat:@"%C", aChar];
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  [destStr appendString:@"\""];
+}
+
+static void AppendBufferAsString(NSData *buffer, NSMutableString *destStr) {
+  const char *src = (const char *)[buffer bytes];
+  size_t srcLen = [buffer length];
+  [destStr appendString:@"\""];
+  for (const char *srcEnd = src + srcLen; src < srcEnd; src++) {
+    switch (*src) {
+      case '\n': [destStr appendString:@"\\n"];  break;
+      case '\r': [destStr appendString:@"\\r"];  break;
+      case '\t': [destStr appendString:@"\\t"];  break;
+      case '\"': [destStr appendString:@"\\\""]; break;
+      case '\'': [destStr appendString:@"\\\'"]; break;
+      case '\\': [destStr appendString:@"\\\\"]; break;
+      default:
+        if (isprint(*src)) {
+          [destStr appendFormat:@"%c", *src];
+        } else {
+          // NOTE: doing hex means you have to worry about the letter after
+          // the hex being another hex char and forcing that to be escaped, so
+          // use octal to keep it simple.
+          [destStr appendFormat:@"\\%03o", (uint8_t)(*src)];
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  [destStr appendString:@"\""];
+}
+
+static void AppendTextFormatForMapMessageField(
+    id map, GPBFieldDescriptor *field, NSMutableString *toStr,
+    NSString *lineIndent, NSString *fieldName, NSString *lineEnding) {
+  GPBDataType keyDataType = field.mapKeyDataType;
+  GPBDataType valueDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  BOOL isMessageValue = GPBDataTypeIsMessage(valueDataType);
+
+  NSString *msgStartFirst =
+      [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@ {%@\n", lineIndent, fieldName, lineEnding];
+  NSString *msgStart =
+      [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@ {\n", lineIndent, fieldName];
+  NSString *msgEnd = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@}\n", lineIndent];
+
+  NSString *keyLine = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@  key: ", lineIndent];
+  NSString *valueLine = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@  value%s ", lineIndent,
+                                                   (isMessageValue ? "" : ":")];
+
+  __block BOOL isFirst = YES;
+
+  if ((keyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) &&
+      GPBDataTypeIsObject(valueDataType)) {
+    // map is an NSDictionary.
+    NSDictionary *dict = map;
+    [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(NSString *key, id value, BOOL *stop) {
+      #pragma unused(stop)
+      [toStr appendString:(isFirst ? msgStartFirst : msgStart)];
+      isFirst = NO;
+
+      [toStr appendString:keyLine];
+      AppendStringEscaped(key, toStr);
+      [toStr appendString:@"\n"];
+
+      [toStr appendString:valueLine];
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wswitch-enum"
+      switch (valueDataType) {
+        case GPBDataTypeString:
+          AppendStringEscaped(value, toStr);
+          break;
+
+        case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+          AppendBufferAsString(value, toStr);
+          break;
+
+        case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+          [toStr appendString:@"{\n"];
+          NSString *subIndent = [lineIndent stringByAppendingString:@"    "];
+          AppendTextFormatForMessage(value, toStr, subIndent);
+          [toStr appendFormat:@"%@  }", lineIndent];
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          NSCAssert(NO, @"Can't happen");
+          break;
+      }
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+      [toStr appendString:@"\n"];
+
+      [toStr appendString:msgEnd];
+    }];
+  } else {
+    // map is one of the GPB*Dictionary classes, type doesn't matter.
+    GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict = map;
+    [dict enumerateForTextFormat:^(id keyObj, id valueObj) {
+      [toStr appendString:(isFirst ? msgStartFirst : msgStart)];
+      isFirst = NO;
+
+      // Key always is a NSString.
+      if (keyDataType == GPBDataTypeString) {
+        [toStr appendString:keyLine];
+        AppendStringEscaped(keyObj, toStr);
+        [toStr appendString:@"\n"];
+      } else {
+        [toStr appendFormat:@"%@%@\n", keyLine, keyObj];
+      }
+
+      [toStr appendString:valueLine];
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wswitch-enum"
+      switch (valueDataType) {
+        case GPBDataTypeString:
+          AppendStringEscaped(valueObj, toStr);
+          break;
+
+        case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+          AppendBufferAsString(valueObj, toStr);
+          break;
+
+        case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+          [toStr appendString:@"{\n"];
+          NSString *subIndent = [lineIndent stringByAppendingString:@"    "];
+          AppendTextFormatForMessage(valueObj, toStr, subIndent);
+          [toStr appendFormat:@"%@  }", lineIndent];
+          break;
+
+        case GPBDataTypeEnum: {
+          int32_t enumValue = [valueObj intValue];
+          NSString *valueStr = nil;
+          GPBEnumDescriptor *descriptor = field.enumDescriptor;
+          if (descriptor) {
+            valueStr = [descriptor textFormatNameForValue:enumValue];
+          }
+          if (valueStr) {
+            [toStr appendString:valueStr];
+          } else {
+            [toStr appendFormat:@"%d", enumValue];
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+          NSCAssert(valueDataType != GPBDataTypeGroup, @"Can't happen");
+          // Everything else is a NSString.
+          [toStr appendString:valueObj];
+          break;
+      }
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+      [toStr appendString:@"\n"];
+
+      [toStr appendString:msgEnd];
+    }];
+  }
+}
+
+static void AppendTextFormatForMessageField(GPBMessage *message,
+                                            GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                            NSMutableString *toStr,
+                                            NSString *lineIndent) {
+  id arrayOrMap;
+  NSUInteger count;
+  GPBFieldType fieldType = field.fieldType;
+  switch (fieldType) {
+    case GPBFieldTypeSingle:
+      arrayOrMap = nil;
+      count = (GPBGetHasIvarField(message, field) ? 1 : 0);
+      break;
+
+    case GPBFieldTypeRepeated:
+      // Will be NSArray or GPB*Array, type doesn't matter, they both
+      // implement count.
+      arrayOrMap = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(message, field);
+      count = [(NSArray *)arrayOrMap count];
+      break;
+
+    case GPBFieldTypeMap: {
+      // Will be GPB*Dictionary or NSMutableDictionary, type doesn't matter,
+      // they both implement count.
+      arrayOrMap = GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(message, field);
+      count = [(NSDictionary *)arrayOrMap count];
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (count == 0) {
+    // Nothing to print, out of here.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  NSString *lineEnding = @"";
+
+  // If the name can't be reversed or support for extra info was turned off,
+  // this can return nil.
+  NSString *fieldName = [field textFormatName];
+  if ([fieldName length] == 0) {
+    fieldName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u", GPBFieldNumber(field)];
+    // If there is only one entry, put the objc name as a comment, other wise
+    // add it before the repeated values.
+    if (count > 1) {
+      [toStr appendFormat:@"%@# %@\n", lineIndent, field.name];
+    } else {
+      lineEnding = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"  # %@", field.name];
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (fieldType == GPBFieldTypeMap) {
+    AppendTextFormatForMapMessageField(arrayOrMap, field, toStr, lineIndent,
+                                       fieldName, lineEnding);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  id array = arrayOrMap;
+  const BOOL isRepeated = (array != nil);
+
+  GPBDataType fieldDataType = GPBGetFieldDataType(field);
+  BOOL isMessageField = GPBDataTypeIsMessage(fieldDataType);
+  for (NSUInteger j = 0; j < count; ++j) {
+    // Start the line.
+    [toStr appendFormat:@"%@%@%s ", lineIndent, fieldName,
+                        (isMessageField ? "" : ":")];
+
+    // The value.
+    switch (fieldDataType) {
+#define FIELD_CASE(GPBDATATYPE, CTYPE, REAL_TYPE, ...)                        \
+  case GPBDataType##GPBDATATYPE: {                                            \
+    CTYPE v = (isRepeated ? [(GPB##REAL_TYPE##Array *)array valueAtIndex:j]   \
+                          : GPBGetMessage##REAL_TYPE##Field(message, field)); \
+    [toStr appendFormat:__VA_ARGS__, v];                                      \
+    break;                                                                    \
+  }
+
+      FIELD_CASE(Int32, int32_t, Int32, @"%d")
+      FIELD_CASE(SInt32, int32_t, Int32, @"%d")
+      FIELD_CASE(SFixed32, int32_t, Int32, @"%d")
+      FIELD_CASE(UInt32, uint32_t, UInt32, @"%u")
+      FIELD_CASE(Fixed32, uint32_t, UInt32, @"%u")
+      FIELD_CASE(Int64, int64_t, Int64, @"%lld")
+      FIELD_CASE(SInt64, int64_t, Int64, @"%lld")
+      FIELD_CASE(SFixed64, int64_t, Int64, @"%lld")
+      FIELD_CASE(UInt64, uint64_t, UInt64, @"%llu")
+      FIELD_CASE(Fixed64, uint64_t, UInt64, @"%llu")
+      FIELD_CASE(Float, float, Float, @"%.*g", FLT_DIG)
+      FIELD_CASE(Double, double, Double, @"%.*lg", DBL_DIG)
+
+#undef FIELD_CASE
+
+      case GPBDataTypeEnum: {
+        int32_t v = (isRepeated ? [(GPBEnumArray *)array rawValueAtIndex:j]
+                                : GPBGetMessageInt32Field(message, field));
+        NSString *valueStr = nil;
+        GPBEnumDescriptor *descriptor = field.enumDescriptor;
+        if (descriptor) {
+          valueStr = [descriptor textFormatNameForValue:v];
+        }
+        if (valueStr) {
+          [toStr appendString:valueStr];
+        } else {
+          [toStr appendFormat:@"%d", v];
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case GPBDataTypeBool: {
+        BOOL v = (isRepeated ? [(GPBBoolArray *)array valueAtIndex:j]
+                             : GPBGetMessageBoolField(message, field));
+        [toStr appendString:(v ? @"true" : @"false")];
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case GPBDataTypeString: {
+        NSString *v = (isRepeated ? [(NSArray *)array objectAtIndex:j]
+                                  : GPBGetMessageStringField(message, field));
+        AppendStringEscaped(v, toStr);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case GPBDataTypeBytes: {
+        NSData *v = (isRepeated ? [(NSArray *)array objectAtIndex:j]
+                                : GPBGetMessageBytesField(message, field));
+        AppendBufferAsString(v, toStr);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+      case GPBDataTypeMessage: {
+        GPBMessage *v =
+            (isRepeated ? [(NSArray *)array objectAtIndex:j]
+                        : GPBGetObjectIvarWithField(message, field));
+        [toStr appendFormat:@"{%@\n", lineEnding];
+        NSString *subIndent = [lineIndent stringByAppendingString:@"  "];
+        AppendTextFormatForMessage(v, toStr, subIndent);
+        [toStr appendFormat:@"%@}", lineIndent];
+        lineEnding = @"";
+        break;
+      }
+
+    }  // switch(fieldDataType)
+
+    // End the line.
+    [toStr appendFormat:@"%@\n", lineEnding];
+
+  }  // for(count)
+}
+
+static void AppendTextFormatForMessageExtensionRange(GPBMessage *message,
+                                                     NSArray *activeExtensions,
+                                                     GPBExtensionRange range,
+                                                     NSMutableString *toStr,
+                                                     NSString *lineIndent) {
+  uint32_t start = range.start;
+  uint32_t end = range.end;
+  for (GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension in activeExtensions) {
+    uint32_t fieldNumber = extension.fieldNumber;
+    if (fieldNumber < start) {
+      // Not there yet.
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (fieldNumber >= end) {
+      // Done.
+      break;
+    }
+
+    id rawExtValue = [message getExtension:extension];
+    BOOL isRepeated = extension.isRepeated;
+
+    NSUInteger numValues = 1;
+    NSString *lineEnding = @"";
+    if (isRepeated) {
+      numValues = [(NSArray *)rawExtValue count];
+    }
+
+    NSString *singletonName = extension.singletonName;
+    if (numValues == 1) {
+      lineEnding = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"  # [%@]", singletonName];
+    } else {
+      [toStr appendFormat:@"%@# [%@]\n", lineIndent, singletonName];
+    }
+
+    GPBDataType extDataType = extension.dataType;
+    for (NSUInteger j = 0; j < numValues; ++j) {
+      id curValue = (isRepeated ? [rawExtValue objectAtIndex:j] : rawExtValue);
+
+      // Start the line.
+      [toStr appendFormat:@"%@%u%s ", lineIndent, fieldNumber,
+                          (GPBDataTypeIsMessage(extDataType) ? "" : ":")];
+
+      // The value.
+      switch (extDataType) {
+#define FIELD_CASE(GPBDATATYPE, CTYPE, NUMSELECTOR, ...) \
+  case GPBDataType##GPBDATATYPE: {                       \
+    CTYPE v = [(NSNumber *)curValue NUMSELECTOR];        \
+    [toStr appendFormat:__VA_ARGS__, v];                 \
+    break;                                               \
+  }
+
+        FIELD_CASE(Int32, int32_t, intValue, @"%d")
+        FIELD_CASE(SInt32, int32_t, intValue, @"%d")
+        FIELD_CASE(SFixed32, int32_t, unsignedIntValue, @"%d")
+        FIELD_CASE(UInt32, uint32_t, unsignedIntValue, @"%u")
+        FIELD_CASE(Fixed32, uint32_t, unsignedIntValue, @"%u")
+        FIELD_CASE(Int64, int64_t, longLongValue, @"%lld")
+        FIELD_CASE(SInt64, int64_t, longLongValue, @"%lld")
+        FIELD_CASE(SFixed64, int64_t, longLongValue, @"%lld")
+        FIELD_CASE(UInt64, uint64_t, unsignedLongLongValue, @"%llu")
+        FIELD_CASE(Fixed64, uint64_t, unsignedLongLongValue, @"%llu")
+        FIELD_CASE(Float, float, floatValue, @"%.*g", FLT_DIG)
+        FIELD_CASE(Double, double, doubleValue, @"%.*lg", DBL_DIG)
+        // TODO: Add a comment with the enum name from enum descriptors
+        // (might not be real value, so leave it as a comment, ObjC compiler
+        // name mangles differently).  Doesn't look like we actually generate
+        // an enum descriptor reference like we do for normal fields, so this
+        // will take a compiler change.
+        FIELD_CASE(Enum, int32_t, intValue, @"%d")
+
+#undef FIELD_CASE
+
+        case GPBDataTypeBool:
+          [toStr appendString:([(NSNumber *)curValue boolValue] ? @"true"
+                                                                : @"false")];
+          break;
+
+        case GPBDataTypeString:
+          AppendStringEscaped(curValue, toStr);
+          break;
+
+        case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+          AppendBufferAsString((NSData *)curValue, toStr);
+          break;
+
+        case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+        case GPBDataTypeMessage: {
+          [toStr appendFormat:@"{%@\n", lineEnding];
+          NSString *subIndent = [lineIndent stringByAppendingString:@"  "];
+          AppendTextFormatForMessage(curValue, toStr, subIndent);
+          [toStr appendFormat:@"%@}", lineIndent];
+          lineEnding = @"";
+          break;
+        }
+
+      }  // switch(extDataType)
+
+      // End the line.
+      [toStr appendFormat:@"%@\n", lineEnding];
+
+    }  //  for(numValues)
+
+  }  // for..in(activeExtensions)
+}
+
+static void AppendTextFormatForMessage(GPBMessage *message,
+                                       NSMutableString *toStr,
+                                       NSString *lineIndent) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [message descriptor];
+  NSArray *fieldsArray = descriptor->fields_;
+  NSUInteger fieldCount = fieldsArray.count;
+  const GPBExtensionRange *extensionRanges = descriptor.extensionRanges;
+  NSUInteger extensionRangesCount = descriptor.extensionRangesCount;
+  NSArray *activeExtensions = [[message extensionsCurrentlySet]
+      sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compareByFieldNumber:)];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0, j = 0; i < fieldCount || j < extensionRangesCount;) {
+    if (i == fieldCount) {
+      AppendTextFormatForMessageExtensionRange(
+          message, activeExtensions, extensionRanges[j++], toStr, lineIndent);
+    } else if (j == extensionRangesCount ||
+               GPBFieldNumber(fieldsArray[i]) < extensionRanges[j].start) {
+      AppendTextFormatForMessageField(message, fieldsArray[i++], toStr,
+                                      lineIndent);
+    } else {
+      AppendTextFormatForMessageExtensionRange(
+          message, activeExtensions, extensionRanges[j++], toStr, lineIndent);
+    }
+  }
+
+  NSString *unknownFieldsStr =
+      GPBTextFormatForUnknownFieldSet(message.unknownFields, lineIndent);
+  if ([unknownFieldsStr length] > 0) {
+    [toStr appendFormat:@"%@# --- Unknown fields ---\n", lineIndent];
+    [toStr appendString:unknownFieldsStr];
+  }
+}
+
+NSString *GPBTextFormatForMessage(GPBMessage *message, NSString *lineIndent) {
+  if (message == nil) return @"";
+  if (lineIndent == nil) lineIndent = @"";
+
+  NSMutableString *buildString = [NSMutableString string];
+  AppendTextFormatForMessage(message, buildString, lineIndent);
+  return buildString;
+}
+
+NSString *GPBTextFormatForUnknownFieldSet(GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknownSet,
+                                          NSString *lineIndent) {
+  if (unknownSet == nil) return @"";
+  if (lineIndent == nil) lineIndent = @"";
+
+  NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString string];
+  for (GPBUnknownField *field in [unknownSet sortedFields]) {
+    int32_t fieldNumber = [field number];
+
+#define PRINT_LOOP(PROPNAME, CTYPE, FORMAT)                                   \
+  [field.PROPNAME                                                             \
+      enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(CTYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * stop) {  \
+    _Pragma("unused(idx, stop)");                                             \
+    [result                                                                   \
+        appendFormat:@"%@%d: " #FORMAT "\n", lineIndent, fieldNumber, value]; \
+      }];
+
+    PRINT_LOOP(varintList, uint64_t, %llu);
+    PRINT_LOOP(fixed32List, uint32_t, 0x%X);
+    PRINT_LOOP(fixed64List, uint64_t, 0x%llX);
+
+#undef PRINT_LOOP
+
+    // NOTE: C++ version of TextFormat tries to parse this as a message
+    // and print that if it succeeds.
+    for (NSData *data in field.lengthDelimitedList) {
+      [result appendFormat:@"%@%d: ", lineIndent, fieldNumber];
+      AppendBufferAsString(data, result);
+      [result appendString:@"\n"];
+    }
+
+    for (GPBUnknownFieldSet *subUnknownSet in field.groupList) {
+      [result appendFormat:@"%@%d: {\n", lineIndent, fieldNumber];
+      NSString *subIndent = [lineIndent stringByAppendingString:@"  "];
+      NSString *subUnknwonSetStr =
+          GPBTextFormatForUnknownFieldSet(subUnknownSet, subIndent);
+      [result appendString:subUnknwonSetStr];
+      [result appendFormat:@"%@}\n", lineIndent];
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Helpers to decode a varint. Not using GPBCodedInputStream version because
+// that needs a state object, and we don't want to create an input stream out
+// of the data.
+GPB_INLINE int8_t ReadRawByteFromData(const uint8_t **data) {
+  int8_t result = *((int8_t *)(*data));
+  ++(*data);
+  return result;
+}
+
+static int32_t ReadRawVarint32FromData(const uint8_t **data) {
+  int8_t tmp = ReadRawByteFromData(data);
+  if (tmp >= 0) {
+    return tmp;
+  }
+  int32_t result = tmp & 0x7f;
+  if ((tmp = ReadRawByteFromData(data)) >= 0) {
+    result |= tmp << 7;
+  } else {
+    result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 7;
+    if ((tmp = ReadRawByteFromData(data)) >= 0) {
+      result |= tmp << 14;
+    } else {
+      result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 14;
+      if ((tmp = ReadRawByteFromData(data)) >= 0) {
+        result |= tmp << 21;
+      } else {
+        result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 21;
+        result |= (tmp = ReadRawByteFromData(data)) << 28;
+        if (tmp < 0) {
+          // Discard upper 32 bits.
+          for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+            if (ReadRawByteFromData(data) >= 0) {
+              return result;
+            }
+          }
+          [NSException raise:NSParseErrorException
+                      format:@"Unable to read varint32"];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+NSString *GPBDecodeTextFormatName(const uint8_t *decodeData, int32_t key,
+                                  NSString *inputStr) {
+  // decodData form:
+  //  varint32: num entries
+  //  for each entry:
+  //    varint32: key
+  //    bytes*: decode data
+  //
+  // decode data one of two forms:
+  //  1: a \0 followed by the string followed by an \0
+  //  2: bytecodes to transform an input into the right thing, ending with \0
+  //
+  // the bytes codes are of the form:
+  //  0xabbccccc
+  //  0x0 (all zeros), end.
+  //  a - if set, add an underscore
+  //  bb - 00 ccccc bytes as is
+  //  bb - 10 ccccc upper first, as is on rest, ccccc byte total
+  //  bb - 01 ccccc lower first, as is on rest, ccccc byte total
+  //  bb - 11 ccccc all upper, ccccc byte total
+
+  if (!decodeData || !inputStr) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+
+  // Find key
+  const uint8_t *scan = decodeData;
+  int32_t numEntries = ReadRawVarint32FromData(&scan);
+  BOOL foundKey = NO;
+  while (!foundKey && (numEntries > 0)) {
+    --numEntries;
+    int32_t dataKey = ReadRawVarint32FromData(&scan);
+    if (dataKey == key) {
+      foundKey = YES;
+    } else {
+      // If it is a inlined string, it will start with \0; if it is bytecode it
+      // will start with a code. So advance one (skipping the inline string
+      // marker), and then loop until reaching the end marker (\0).
+      ++scan;
+      while (*scan != 0) ++scan;
+      // Now move past the end marker.
+      ++scan;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!foundKey) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+
+  // Decode
+
+  if (*scan == 0) {
+    // Inline string. Move over the marker, and NSString can take it as
+    // UTF8.
+    ++scan;
+    NSString *result = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:(const char *)scan];
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  NSMutableString *result =
+      [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:[inputStr length]];
+
+  const uint8_t kAddUnderscore  = 0b10000000;
+  const uint8_t kOpMask         = 0b01100000;
+  // const uint8_t kOpAsIs        = 0b00000000;
+  const uint8_t kOpFirstUpper     = 0b01000000;
+  const uint8_t kOpFirstLower     = 0b00100000;
+  const uint8_t kOpAllUpper       = 0b01100000;
+  const uint8_t kSegmentLenMask = 0b00011111;
+
+  NSInteger i = 0;
+  for (; *scan != 0; ++scan) {
+    if (*scan & kAddUnderscore) {
+      [result appendString:@"_"];
+    }
+    int segmentLen = *scan & kSegmentLenMask;
+    uint8_t decodeOp = *scan & kOpMask;
+
+    // Do op specific handling of the first character.
+    if (decodeOp == kOpFirstUpper) {
+      unichar c = [inputStr characterAtIndex:i];
+      [result appendFormat:@"%c", toupper((char)c)];
+      ++i;
+      --segmentLen;
+    } else if (decodeOp == kOpFirstLower) {
+      unichar c = [inputStr characterAtIndex:i];
+      [result appendFormat:@"%c", tolower((char)c)];
+      ++i;
+      --segmentLen;
+    }
+    // else op == kOpAsIs || op == kOpAllUpper
+
+    // Now pull over the rest of the length for this segment.
+    for (int x = 0; x < segmentLen; ++x) {
+      unichar c = [inputStr characterAtIndex:(i + x)];
+      if (decodeOp == kOpAllUpper) {
+        [result appendFormat:@"%c", toupper((char)c)];
+      } else {
+        [result appendFormat:@"%C", c];
+      }
+    }
+    i += segmentLen;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+BOOL GPBClassHasSel(Class aClass, SEL sel) {
+  // NOTE: We have to use class_copyMethodList, all other runtime method
+  // lookups actually also resolve the method implementation and this
+  // is called from within those methods.
+
+  BOOL result = NO;
+  unsigned int methodCount = 0;
+  Method *methodList = class_copyMethodList(aClass, &methodCount);
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < methodCount; ++i) {
+    SEL methodSelector = method_getName(methodList[i]);
+    if (methodSelector == sel) {
+      result = YES;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  free(methodList);
+  return result;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..336a745ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#import "GPBUtilities.h"
+
+#import "GPBDescriptor_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+// Macros for stringifying library symbols. These are used in the generated
+// PB descriptor classes wherever a library symbol name is represented as a
+// string. See README.google for more information.
+#define GPBStringify(S) #S
+#define GPBStringifySymbol(S) GPBStringify(S)
+
+#define GPBNSStringify(S) @#S
+#define GPBNSStringifySymbol(S) GPBNSStringify(S)
+
+// Constant to internally mark when there is no has bit.
+#define GPBNoHasBit INT32_MAX
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+// These two are used to inject a runtime check for version mismatch into the
+// generated sources to make sure they are linked with a supporting runtime.
+void GPBCheckRuntimeVersionSupport(int32_t objcRuntimeVersion);
+GPB_INLINE void GPB_DEBUG_CHECK_RUNTIME_VERSIONS() {
+  // NOTE: By being inline here, this captures the value from the library's
+  // headers at the time the generated code was compiled.
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  GPBCheckRuntimeVersionSupport(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Legacy version of the checks, remove when GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_GEN_VERSION
+// goes away (see more info in GPBBootstrap.h).
+void GPBCheckRuntimeVersionInternal(int32_t version);
+GPB_INLINE void GPBDebugCheckRuntimeVersion() {
+#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+  GPBCheckRuntimeVersionInternal(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_GEN_VERSION);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Conversion functions for de/serializing floating point types.
+
+GPB_INLINE int64_t GPBConvertDoubleToInt64(double v) {
+  GPBInternalCompileAssert(sizeof(double) == sizeof(int64_t), double_not_64_bits);
+  int64_t result;
+  memcpy(&result, &v, sizeof(result));
+  return result;
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE int32_t GPBConvertFloatToInt32(float v) {
+  GPBInternalCompileAssert(sizeof(float) == sizeof(int32_t), float_not_32_bits);
+  int32_t result;
+  memcpy(&result, &v, sizeof(result));
+  return result;
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE double GPBConvertInt64ToDouble(int64_t v) {
+  GPBInternalCompileAssert(sizeof(double) == sizeof(int64_t), double_not_64_bits);
+  double result;
+  memcpy(&result, &v, sizeof(result));
+  return result;
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE float GPBConvertInt32ToFloat(int32_t v) {
+  GPBInternalCompileAssert(sizeof(float) == sizeof(int32_t), float_not_32_bits);
+  float result;
+  memcpy(&result, &v, sizeof(result));
+  return result;
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE int32_t GPBLogicalRightShift32(int32_t value, int32_t spaces) {
+  return (int32_t)((uint32_t)(value) >> spaces);
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE int64_t GPBLogicalRightShift64(int64_t value, int32_t spaces) {
+  return (int64_t)((uint64_t)(value) >> spaces);
+}
+
+// Decode a ZigZag-encoded 32-bit value.  ZigZag encodes signed integers
+// into values that can be efficiently encoded with varint.  (Otherwise,
+// negative values must be sign-extended to 64 bits to be varint encoded,
+// thus always taking 10 bytes on the wire.)
+GPB_INLINE int32_t GPBDecodeZigZag32(uint32_t n) {
+  return (int32_t)(GPBLogicalRightShift32((int32_t)n, 1) ^ -((int32_t)(n) & 1));
+}
+
+// Decode a ZigZag-encoded 64-bit value.  ZigZag encodes signed integers
+// into values that can be efficiently encoded with varint.  (Otherwise,
+// negative values must be sign-extended to 64 bits to be varint encoded,
+// thus always taking 10 bytes on the wire.)
+GPB_INLINE int64_t GPBDecodeZigZag64(uint64_t n) {
+  return (int64_t)(GPBLogicalRightShift64((int64_t)n, 1) ^ -((int64_t)(n) & 1));
+}
+
+// Encode a ZigZag-encoded 32-bit value.  ZigZag encodes signed integers
+// into values that can be efficiently encoded with varint.  (Otherwise,
+// negative values must be sign-extended to 64 bits to be varint encoded,
+// thus always taking 10 bytes on the wire.)
+GPB_INLINE uint32_t GPBEncodeZigZag32(int32_t n) {
+  // Note:  the right-shift must be arithmetic
+  return ((uint32_t)n << 1) ^ (uint32_t)(n >> 31);
+}
+
+// Encode a ZigZag-encoded 64-bit value.  ZigZag encodes signed integers
+// into values that can be efficiently encoded with varint.  (Otherwise,
+// negative values must be sign-extended to 64 bits to be varint encoded,
+// thus always taking 10 bytes on the wire.)
+GPB_INLINE uint64_t GPBEncodeZigZag64(int64_t n) {
+  // Note:  the right-shift must be arithmetic
+  return ((uint64_t)n << 1) ^ (uint64_t)(n >> 63);
+}
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wswitch-enum"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+GPB_INLINE BOOL GPBDataTypeIsObject(GPBDataType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case GPBDataTypeBytes:
+    case GPBDataTypeString:
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+    case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+      return YES;
+    default:
+      return NO;
+  }
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE BOOL GPBDataTypeIsMessage(GPBDataType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case GPBDataTypeMessage:
+    case GPBDataTypeGroup:
+      return YES;
+    default:
+      return NO;
+  }
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE BOOL GPBFieldDataTypeIsMessage(GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  return GPBDataTypeIsMessage(field->description_->dataType);
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE BOOL GPBFieldDataTypeIsObject(GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  return GPBDataTypeIsObject(field->description_->dataType);
+}
+
+GPB_INLINE BOOL GPBExtensionIsMessage(GPBExtensionDescriptor *ext) {
+  return GPBDataTypeIsMessage(ext->description_->dataType);
+}
+
+// The field is an array/map or it has an object value.
+GPB_INLINE BOOL GPBFieldStoresObject(GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  GPBMessageFieldDescription *desc = field->description_;
+  if ((desc->flags & (GPBFieldRepeated | GPBFieldMapKeyMask)) != 0) {
+    return YES;
+  }
+  return GPBDataTypeIsObject(desc->dataType);
+}
+
+BOOL GPBGetHasIvar(GPBMessage *self, int32_t index, uint32_t fieldNumber);
+void GPBSetHasIvar(GPBMessage *self, int32_t idx, uint32_t fieldNumber,
+                   BOOL value);
+uint32_t GPBGetHasOneof(GPBMessage *self, int32_t index);
+
+GPB_INLINE BOOL
+GPBGetHasIvarField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field) {
+  GPBMessageFieldDescription *fieldDesc = field->description_;
+  return GPBGetHasIvar(self, fieldDesc->hasIndex, fieldDesc->number);
+}
+GPB_INLINE void GPBSetHasIvarField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                   BOOL value) {
+  GPBMessageFieldDescription *fieldDesc = field->description_;
+  GPBSetHasIvar(self, fieldDesc->hasIndex, fieldDesc->number, value);
+}
+
+void GPBMaybeClearOneof(GPBMessage *self, GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof,
+                        int32_t oneofHasIndex, uint32_t fieldNumberNotToClear);
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE GPB_IVAR_SET_DECL(NAME, TYPE)
+//%void GPBSet##NAME##IvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+//%            NAME$S                     GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+//%            NAME$S                     TYPE value,
+//%            NAME$S                     GPBFileSyntax syntax);
+//%PDDM-EXPAND GPB_IVAR_SET_DECL(Bool, BOOL)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+void GPBSetBoolIvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                     GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                     BOOL value,
+                                     GPBFileSyntax syntax);
+//%PDDM-EXPAND GPB_IVAR_SET_DECL(Int32, int32_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+void GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                      GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                      int32_t value,
+                                      GPBFileSyntax syntax);
+//%PDDM-EXPAND GPB_IVAR_SET_DECL(UInt32, uint32_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+void GPBSetUInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                       GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                       uint32_t value,
+                                       GPBFileSyntax syntax);
+//%PDDM-EXPAND GPB_IVAR_SET_DECL(Int64, int64_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+void GPBSetInt64IvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                      GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                      int64_t value,
+                                      GPBFileSyntax syntax);
+//%PDDM-EXPAND GPB_IVAR_SET_DECL(UInt64, uint64_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+void GPBSetUInt64IvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                       GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                       uint64_t value,
+                                       GPBFileSyntax syntax);
+//%PDDM-EXPAND GPB_IVAR_SET_DECL(Float, float)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+void GPBSetFloatIvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                      GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                      float value,
+                                      GPBFileSyntax syntax);
+//%PDDM-EXPAND GPB_IVAR_SET_DECL(Double, double)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+void GPBSetDoubleIvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                       GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                       double value,
+                                       GPBFileSyntax syntax);
+//%PDDM-EXPAND GPB_IVAR_SET_DECL(Enum, int32_t)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+void GPBSetEnumIvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                     GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                     int32_t value,
+                                     GPBFileSyntax syntax);
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (8 expansions)
+
+int32_t GPBGetEnumIvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                        GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                        GPBFileSyntax syntax);
+
+id GPBGetObjectIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+void GPBSetObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                       GPBFieldDescriptor *field, id value,
+                                       GPBFileSyntax syntax);
+void GPBSetRetainedObjectIvarWithFieldInternal(GPBMessage *self,
+                                               GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+                                               id __attribute__((ns_consumed))
+                                               value,
+                                               GPBFileSyntax syntax);
+
+// GPBGetObjectIvarWithField will automatically create the field (message) if
+// it doesn't exist. GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate will return nil.
+id GPBGetObjectIvarWithFieldNoAutocreate(GPBMessage *self,
+                                         GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+void GPBSetAutocreatedRetainedObjectIvarWithField(
+    GPBMessage *self, GPBFieldDescriptor *field,
+    id __attribute__((ns_consumed)) value);
+
+// Clears and releases the autocreated message ivar, if it's autocreated. If
+// it's not set as autocreated, this method does nothing.
+void GPBClearAutocreatedMessageIvarWithField(GPBMessage *self,
+                                             GPBFieldDescriptor *field);
+
+// Returns an Objective C encoding for |selector|. |instanceSel| should be
+// YES if it's an instance selector (as opposed to a class selector).
+// |selector| must be a selector from MessageSignatureProtocol.
+const char *GPBMessageEncodingForSelector(SEL selector, BOOL instanceSel);
+
+// Helper for text format name encoding.
+// decodeData is the data describing the sepecial decodes.
+// key and inputString are the input that needs decoding.
+NSString *GPBDecodeTextFormatName(const uint8_t *decodeData, int32_t key,
+                                  NSString *inputString);
+
+// A series of selectors that are used solely to get @encoding values
+// for them by the dynamic protobuf runtime code. See
+// GPBMessageEncodingForSelector for details. GPBRootObject conforms to
+// the protocol so that it is encoded in the Objective C runtime.
+@protocol GPBMessageSignatureProtocol
+@optional
+
+#define GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(TYPE, NAME) \
+  -(TYPE)get##NAME;                             \
+  -(void)set##NAME : (TYPE)value;               \
+  -(TYPE)get##NAME##AtIndex : (NSUInteger)index;
+
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(BOOL, Bool)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(uint32_t, Fixed32)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(int32_t, SFixed32)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(float, Float)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(uint64_t, Fixed64)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(int64_t, SFixed64)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(double, Double)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(int32_t, Int32)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(int64_t, Int64)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(int32_t, SInt32)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(int64_t, SInt64)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(uint32_t, UInt32)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(uint64_t, UInt64)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(NSData *, Bytes)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(NSString *, String)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(GPBMessage *, Message)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(GPBMessage *, Group)
+GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY(int32_t, Enum)
+
+#undef GPB_MESSAGE_SIGNATURE_ENTRY
+
+- (id)getArray;
+- (NSUInteger)getArrayCount;
+- (void)setArray:(NSArray *)array;
++ (id)getClassValue;
+@end
+
+BOOL GPBClassHasSel(Class aClass, SEL sel);
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBWellKnownTypes.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBWellKnownTypes.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb6c780a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBWellKnownTypes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/Any.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h>
+#else
+ #import "google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h"
+#endif
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+#pragma mark - Errors
+
+/** NSError domain used for errors. */
+extern NSString *const GPBWellKnownTypesErrorDomain;
+
+/** Error code for NSError with GPBWellKnownTypesErrorDomain. */
+typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, GPBWellKnownTypesErrorCode) {
+  /** The type_url could not be computed for the requested GPBMessage class. */
+  GPBWellKnownTypesErrorCodeFailedToComputeTypeURL = -100,
+  /** type_url in a Any doesn’t match that of the requested GPBMessage class. */
+  GPBWellKnownTypesErrorCodeTypeURLMismatch = -101,
+};
+
+#pragma mark - GPBTimestamp
+
+/**
+ * Category for GPBTimestamp to work with standard Foundation time/date types.
+ **/
+@interface GPBTimestamp (GBPWellKnownTypes)
+
+/** The NSDate representation of this GPBTimestamp. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong) NSDate *date;
+
+/**
+ * The NSTimeInterval representation of this GPBTimestamp.
+ *
+ * @note: Not all second/nanos combinations can be represented in a
+ * NSTimeInterval, so getting this could be a lossy transform.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) NSTimeInterval timeIntervalSince1970;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a GPBTimestamp with the given NSDate.
+ *
+ * @param date The date to configure the GPBTimestamp with.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBTimestamp.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithDate:(NSDate *)date;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a GPBTimestamp with the given NSTimeInterval.
+ *
+ * @param timeIntervalSince1970 Time interval to configure the GPBTimestamp with.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBTimestamp.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithTimeIntervalSince1970:(NSTimeInterval)timeIntervalSince1970;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBDuration
+
+/**
+ * Category for GPBDuration to work with standard Foundation time type.
+ **/
+@interface GPBDuration (GBPWellKnownTypes)
+
+/**
+ * The NSTimeInterval representation of this GPBDuration.
+ *
+ * @note: Not all second/nanos combinations can be represented in a
+ * NSTimeInterval, so getting this could be a lossy transform.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) NSTimeInterval timeInterval;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a GPBDuration with the given NSTimeInterval.
+ *
+ * @param timeInterval Time interval to configure the GPBDuration with.
+ *
+ * @return A newly initialized GPBDuration.
+ **/
+- (instancetype)initWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)timeInterval;
+
+// These next two methods are deprecated because GBPDuration has no need of a
+// "base" time. The older methods were about symmetry with GBPTimestamp, but
+// the unix epoch usage is too confusing.
+
+/** Deprecated, use timeInterval instead. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) NSTimeInterval timeIntervalSince1970
+    __attribute__((deprecated("Use timeInterval")));
+/** Deprecated, use initWithTimeInterval: instead. */
+- (instancetype)initWithTimeIntervalSince1970:(NSTimeInterval)timeIntervalSince1970
+    __attribute__((deprecated("Use initWithTimeInterval:")));
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBAny
+
+/**
+ * Category for GPBAny to help work with the message within the object.
+ **/
+@interface GPBAny (GBPWellKnownTypes)
+
+/**
+ * Convenience method to create a GPBAny containing the serialized message.
+ * This uses type.googleapis.com/ as the type_url's prefix.
+ *
+ * @param message  The message to be packed into the GPBAny.
+ * @param errorPtr Pointer to an error that will be populated if something goes
+ *                 wrong.
+ *
+ * @return A newly configured GPBAny with the given message, or nil on failure.
+ */
++ (nullable instancetype)anyWithMessage:(nonnull GPBMessage *)message
+                                  error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+
+/**
+ * Convenience method to create a GPBAny containing the serialized message.
+ *
+ * @param message       The message to be packed into the GPBAny.
+ * @param typeURLPrefix The URL prefix to apply for type_url.
+ * @param errorPtr      Pointer to an error that will be populated if something
+ *                      goes wrong.
+ *
+ * @return A newly configured GPBAny with the given message, or nil on failure.
+ */
++ (nullable instancetype)anyWithMessage:(nonnull GPBMessage *)message
+                          typeURLPrefix:(nonnull NSString *)typeURLPrefix
+                                  error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a GPBAny to contain the serialized message. This uses
+ * type.googleapis.com/ as the type_url's prefix.
+ *
+ * @param message  The message to be packed into the GPBAny.
+ * @param errorPtr Pointer to an error that will be populated if something goes
+ *                 wrong.
+ *
+ * @return A newly configured GPBAny with the given message, or nil on failure.
+ */
+- (nullable instancetype)initWithMessage:(nonnull GPBMessage *)message
+                                   error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a GPBAny to contain the serialized message.
+ *
+ * @param message       The message to be packed into the GPBAny.
+ * @param typeURLPrefix The URL prefix to apply for type_url.
+ * @param errorPtr      Pointer to an error that will be populated if something
+ *                      goes wrong.
+ *
+ * @return A newly configured GPBAny with the given message, or nil on failure.
+ */
+- (nullable instancetype)initWithMessage:(nonnull GPBMessage *)message
+                           typeURLPrefix:(nonnull NSString *)typeURLPrefix
+                                   error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+
+/**
+ * Packs the serialized message into this GPBAny. This uses
+ * type.googleapis.com/ as the type_url's prefix.
+ *
+ * @param message  The message to be packed into the GPBAny.
+ * @param errorPtr Pointer to an error that will be populated if something goes
+ *                 wrong.
+ *
+ * @return Whether the packing was successful or not.
+ */
+- (BOOL)packWithMessage:(nonnull GPBMessage *)message
+                  error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+
+/**
+ * Packs the serialized message into this GPBAny.
+ *
+ * @param message       The message to be packed into the GPBAny.
+ * @param typeURLPrefix The URL prefix to apply for type_url.
+ * @param errorPtr      Pointer to an error that will be populated if something
+ *                      goes wrong.
+ *
+ * @return Whether the packing was successful or not.
+ */
+- (BOOL)packWithMessage:(nonnull GPBMessage *)message
+          typeURLPrefix:(nonnull NSString *)typeURLPrefix
+                  error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+
+/**
+ * Unpacks the serialized message as if it was an instance of the given class.
+ *
+ * @note When checking type_url, the base URL is not checked, only the fully
+ *       qualified name.
+ *
+ * @param messageClass The class to use to deserialize the contained message.
+ * @param errorPtr     Pointer to an error that will be populated if something
+ *                     goes wrong.
+ *
+ * @return An instance of the given class populated with the contained data, or
+ *         nil on failure.
+ */
+- (nullable GPBMessage *)unpackMessageClass:(Class)messageClass
+                                      error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBWellKnownTypes.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBWellKnownTypes.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2808afeb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBWellKnownTypes.m
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Importing sources here to force the linker to include our category methods in
+// the static library. If these were compiled separately, the category methods
+// below would be stripped by the linker.
+
+#import "GPBWellKnownTypes.h"
+
+#import "GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+NSString *const GPBWellKnownTypesErrorDomain =
+    GPBNSStringifySymbol(GPBWellKnownTypesErrorDomain);
+
+static NSString *kTypePrefixGoogleApisCom = @"type.googleapis.com/";
+
+static NSTimeInterval TimeIntervalFromSecondsAndNanos(int64_t seconds,
+                                                      int32_t nanos) {
+  return seconds + (NSTimeInterval)nanos / 1e9;
+}
+
+static int32_t SecondsAndNanosFromTimeInterval(NSTimeInterval time,
+                                               int64_t *outSeconds,
+                                               BOOL nanosMustBePositive) {
+  NSTimeInterval seconds;
+  NSTimeInterval nanos = modf(time, &seconds);
+
+  if (nanosMustBePositive && (nanos < 0)) {
+    // Per Timestamp.proto, nanos is non-negative and "Negative second values with
+    // fractions must still have non-negative nanos values that count forward in
+    // time. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999 inclusive."
+    --seconds;
+    nanos = 1.0 + nanos;
+  }
+
+  nanos *= 1e9;
+  *outSeconds = (int64_t)seconds;
+  return (int32_t)nanos;
+}
+
+static NSString *BuildTypeURL(NSString *typeURLPrefix, NSString *fullName) {
+  if (typeURLPrefix.length == 0) {
+    return fullName;
+  }
+
+  if ([typeURLPrefix hasSuffix:@"/"]) {
+    return [typeURLPrefix stringByAppendingString:fullName];
+  }
+
+  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@", typeURLPrefix, fullName];
+}
+
+static NSString *ParseTypeFromURL(NSString *typeURLString) {
+  NSRange range = [typeURLString rangeOfString:@"/" options:NSBackwardsSearch];
+  if ((range.location == NSNotFound) ||
+      (NSMaxRange(range) == typeURLString.length)) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+  NSString *result = [typeURLString substringFromIndex:range.location + 1];
+  return result;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBTimestamp
+
+@implementation GPBTimestamp (GBPWellKnownTypes)
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDate:(NSDate *)date {
+  return [self initWithTimeIntervalSince1970:date.timeIntervalSince1970];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithTimeIntervalSince1970:(NSTimeInterval)timeIntervalSince1970 {
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+    int64_t seconds;
+    int32_t nanos = SecondsAndNanosFromTimeInterval(
+        timeIntervalSince1970, &seconds, YES);
+    self.seconds = seconds;
+    self.nanos = nanos;
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (NSDate *)date {
+  return [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSince1970:self.timeIntervalSince1970];
+}
+
+- (void)setDate:(NSDate *)date {
+  self.timeIntervalSince1970 = date.timeIntervalSince1970;
+}
+
+- (NSTimeInterval)timeIntervalSince1970 {
+  return TimeIntervalFromSecondsAndNanos(self.seconds, self.nanos);
+}
+
+- (void)setTimeIntervalSince1970:(NSTimeInterval)timeIntervalSince1970 {
+  int64_t seconds;
+  int32_t nanos =
+      SecondsAndNanosFromTimeInterval(timeIntervalSince1970, &seconds, YES);
+  self.seconds = seconds;
+  self.nanos = nanos;
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBDuration
+
+@implementation GPBDuration (GBPWellKnownTypes)
+
+- (instancetype)initWithTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)timeInterval {
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+    int64_t seconds;
+    int32_t nanos = SecondsAndNanosFromTimeInterval(
+        timeInterval, &seconds, NO);
+    self.seconds = seconds;
+    self.nanos = nanos;
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithTimeIntervalSince1970:(NSTimeInterval)timeIntervalSince1970 {
+  return [self initWithTimeInterval:timeIntervalSince1970];
+}
+
+- (NSTimeInterval)timeInterval {
+  return TimeIntervalFromSecondsAndNanos(self.seconds, self.nanos);
+}
+
+- (void)setTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)timeInterval {
+  int64_t seconds;
+  int32_t nanos =
+      SecondsAndNanosFromTimeInterval(timeInterval, &seconds, NO);
+  self.seconds = seconds;
+  self.nanos = nanos;
+}
+
+- (NSTimeInterval)timeIntervalSince1970 {
+  return self.timeInterval;
+}
+
+- (void)setTimeIntervalSince1970:(NSTimeInterval)timeIntervalSince1970 {
+  self.timeInterval = timeIntervalSince1970;
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBAny
+
+@implementation GPBAny (GBPWellKnownTypes)
+
++ (instancetype)anyWithMessage:(GPBMessage *)message
+                         error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
+  return [self anyWithMessage:message
+                typeURLPrefix:kTypePrefixGoogleApisCom
+                        error:errorPtr];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)anyWithMessage:(GPBMessage *)message
+                 typeURLPrefix:(NSString *)typeURLPrefix
+                         error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithMessage:message
+                          typeURLPrefix:typeURLPrefix
+                                  error:errorPtr] autorelease];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithMessage:(GPBMessage *)message
+                          error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
+  return [self initWithMessage:message
+                 typeURLPrefix:kTypePrefixGoogleApisCom
+                         error:errorPtr];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithMessage:(GPBMessage *)message
+                  typeURLPrefix:(NSString *)typeURLPrefix
+                          error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
+  self = [self init];
+  if (self) {
+    if (![self packWithMessage:message
+                 typeURLPrefix:typeURLPrefix
+                         error:errorPtr]) {
+      [self release];
+      self = nil;
+    }
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (BOOL)packWithMessage:(GPBMessage *)message
+                  error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
+  return [self packWithMessage:message
+                 typeURLPrefix:kTypePrefixGoogleApisCom
+                         error:errorPtr];
+}
+
+- (BOOL)packWithMessage:(GPBMessage *)message
+          typeURLPrefix:(NSString *)typeURLPrefix
+                  error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
+  NSString *fullName = [message descriptor].fullName;
+  if (fullName.length == 0) {
+    if (errorPtr) {
+      *errorPtr =
+          [NSError errorWithDomain:GPBWellKnownTypesErrorDomain
+                              code:GPBWellKnownTypesErrorCodeFailedToComputeTypeURL
+                          userInfo:nil];
+    }
+    return NO;
+  }
+  if (errorPtr) {
+    *errorPtr = nil;
+  }
+  self.typeURL = BuildTypeURL(typeURLPrefix, fullName);
+  self.value = message.data;
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (GPBMessage *)unpackMessageClass:(Class)messageClass
+                             error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
+  NSString *fullName = [messageClass descriptor].fullName;
+  if (fullName.length == 0) {
+    if (errorPtr) {
+      *errorPtr =
+          [NSError errorWithDomain:GPBWellKnownTypesErrorDomain
+                              code:GPBWellKnownTypesErrorCodeFailedToComputeTypeURL
+                      userInfo:nil];
+    }
+    return nil;
+  }
+
+  NSString *expectedFullName = ParseTypeFromURL(self.typeURL);
+  if ((expectedFullName == nil) || ![expectedFullName isEqual:fullName]) {
+    if (errorPtr) {
+      *errorPtr =
+          [NSError errorWithDomain:GPBWellKnownTypesErrorDomain
+                              code:GPBWellKnownTypesErrorCodeTypeURLMismatch
+                          userInfo:nil];
+    }
+    return nil;
+  }
+
+  // Any is proto3, which means no extensions, so this assumes anything put
+  // within an any also won't need extensions. A second helper could be added
+  // if needed.
+  return [messageClass parseFromData:self.value
+                               error:errorPtr];
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBWireFormat.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBWireFormat.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5941a382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBWireFormat.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBRuntimeTypes.h"
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+typedef enum {
+  GPBWireFormatVarint = 0,
+  GPBWireFormatFixed64 = 1,
+  GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited = 2,
+  GPBWireFormatStartGroup = 3,
+  GPBWireFormatEndGroup = 4,
+  GPBWireFormatFixed32 = 5,
+} GPBWireFormat;
+
+enum {
+  GPBWireFormatMessageSetItem = 1,
+  GPBWireFormatMessageSetTypeId = 2,
+  GPBWireFormatMessageSetMessage = 3
+};
+
+uint32_t GPBWireFormatMakeTag(uint32_t fieldNumber, GPBWireFormat wireType)
+    __attribute__((const));
+GPBWireFormat GPBWireFormatGetTagWireType(uint32_t tag) __attribute__((const));
+uint32_t GPBWireFormatGetTagFieldNumber(uint32_t tag) __attribute__((const));
+BOOL GPBWireFormatIsValidTag(uint32_t tag) __attribute__((const));
+
+GPBWireFormat GPBWireFormatForType(GPBDataType dataType, BOOL isPacked)
+    __attribute__((const));
+
+#define GPBWireFormatMessageSetItemTag \
+  (GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBWireFormatMessageSetItem, GPBWireFormatStartGroup))
+#define GPBWireFormatMessageSetItemEndTag \
+  (GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBWireFormatMessageSetItem, GPBWireFormatEndGroup))
+#define GPBWireFormatMessageSetTypeIdTag \
+  (GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBWireFormatMessageSetTypeId, GPBWireFormatVarint))
+#define GPBWireFormatMessageSetMessageTag               \
+  (GPBWireFormatMakeTag(GPBWireFormatMessageSetMessage, \
+                        GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited))
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBWireFormat.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBWireFormat.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..860a339f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/GPBWireFormat.m
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBWireFormat.h"
+
+#import "GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+enum {
+  GPBWireFormatTagTypeBits = 3,
+  GPBWireFormatTagTypeMask = 7 /* = (1 << GPBWireFormatTagTypeBits) - 1 */,
+};
+
+uint32_t GPBWireFormatMakeTag(uint32_t fieldNumber, GPBWireFormat wireType) {
+  return (fieldNumber << GPBWireFormatTagTypeBits) | wireType;
+}
+
+GPBWireFormat GPBWireFormatGetTagWireType(uint32_t tag) {
+  return (GPBWireFormat)(tag & GPBWireFormatTagTypeMask);
+}
+
+uint32_t GPBWireFormatGetTagFieldNumber(uint32_t tag) {
+  return GPBLogicalRightShift32(tag, GPBWireFormatTagTypeBits);
+}
+
+BOOL GPBWireFormatIsValidTag(uint32_t tag) {
+  uint32_t formatBits = (tag & GPBWireFormatTagTypeMask);
+  // The valid GPBWireFormat* values are 0-5, anything else is not a valid tag.
+  BOOL result = (formatBits <= 5);
+  return result;
+}
+
+GPBWireFormat GPBWireFormatForType(GPBDataType type, BOOL isPacked) {
+  if (isPacked) {
+    return GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited;
+  }
+
+  static const GPBWireFormat format[GPBDataType_Count] = {
+      GPBWireFormatVarint,           // GPBDataTypeBool
+      GPBWireFormatFixed32,          // GPBDataTypeFixed32
+      GPBWireFormatFixed32,          // GPBDataTypeSFixed32
+      GPBWireFormatFixed32,          // GPBDataTypeFloat
+      GPBWireFormatFixed64,          // GPBDataTypeFixed64
+      GPBWireFormatFixed64,          // GPBDataTypeSFixed64
+      GPBWireFormatFixed64,          // GPBDataTypeDouble
+      GPBWireFormatVarint,           // GPBDataTypeInt32
+      GPBWireFormatVarint,           // GPBDataTypeInt64
+      GPBWireFormatVarint,           // GPBDataTypeSInt32
+      GPBWireFormatVarint,           // GPBDataTypeSInt64
+      GPBWireFormatVarint,           // GPBDataTypeUInt32
+      GPBWireFormatVarint,           // GPBDataTypeUInt64
+      GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited,  // GPBDataTypeBytes
+      GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited,  // GPBDataTypeString
+      GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited,  // GPBDataTypeMessage
+      GPBWireFormatStartGroup,       // GPBDataTypeGroup
+      GPBWireFormatVarint            // GPBDataTypeEnum
+  };
+  return format[type];
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b0af314f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,1114 @@
+// !$*UTF8*$!
+{
+	archiveVersion = 1;
+	classes = {
+	};
+	objectVersion = 47;
+	objects = {
+
+/* Begin PBXBuildFile section */
+		5102DABC1891A073002037B6 /* GPBConcurrencyTests.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 5102DABB1891A052002037B6 /* GPBConcurrencyTests.m */; };
+		7461B5360F94FB4600A0C422 /* Foundation.framework in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 1D30AB110D05D00D00671497 /* Foundation.framework */; };
+		7461B53C0F94FB4E00A0C422 /* GPBCodedInputStream.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B48F0F94F99000A0C422 /* GPBCodedInputStream.m */; };
+		7461B53D0F94FB4E00A0C422 /* GPBCodedOutputStream.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B4910F94F99000A0C422 /* GPBCodedOutputStream.m */; };
+		7461B5490F94FB4E00A0C422 /* GPBExtensionRegistry.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B4A90F94F99000A0C422 /* GPBExtensionRegistry.m */; };
+		7461B54C0F94FB4E00A0C422 /* GPBUnknownField.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B4AF0F94F99000A0C422 /* GPBUnknownField.m */; };
+		7461B5530F94FB4E00A0C422 /* GPBMessage.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B4BF0F94F99000A0C422 /* GPBMessage.m */; };
+		7461B5610F94FB4E00A0C422 /* GPBUnknownFieldSet.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B4E20F94F99000A0C422 /* GPBUnknownFieldSet.m */; };
+		7461B5630F94FB4E00A0C422 /* GPBUtilities.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B4E60F94F99000A0C422 /* GPBUtilities.m */; };
+		7461B5640F94FB4E00A0C422 /* GPBWireFormat.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B4E80F94F99000A0C422 /* GPBWireFormat.m */; };
+		8B210CCE159383D60032D72D /* golden_message in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 8B210CCD159383D60032D72D /* golden_message */; };
+		8B210CD0159386920032D72D /* golden_packed_fields_message in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 8B210CCF159386920032D72D /* golden_packed_fields_message */; };
+		8B4248BB1A8C256A00BC1EC6 /* GPBSwiftTests.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 8B4248BA1A8C256A00BC1EC6 /* GPBSwiftTests.swift */; };
+		8B4248D21A927E1500BC1EC6 /* GPBWellKnownTypes.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 8B4248D01A927E1500BC1EC6 /* GPBWellKnownTypes.m */; };
+		8B4248DC1A92933A00BC1EC6 /* GPBWellKnownTypesTest.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 8B4248DB1A92933A00BC1EC6 /* GPBWellKnownTypesTest.m */; };
+		8B79657B14992E3F002FFBFC /* GPBRootObject.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 8B79657914992E3E002FFBFC /* GPBRootObject.m */; };
+		8B8B615D17DF7056002EE618 /* GPBARCUnittestProtos.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 8B8B615C17DF7056002EE618 /* GPBARCUnittestProtos.m */; settings = {COMPILER_FLAGS = "-fobjc-arc"; }; };
+		8B96157414C8C38C00A2AC0B /* GPBDescriptor.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 8B96157314C8C38C00A2AC0B /* GPBDescriptor.m */; };
+		8BBEA4A9147C727D00C4ADB7 /* GPBCodedInputStreamTests.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B69B0F94FDF800A0C422 /* GPBCodedInputStreamTests.m */; };
+		8BBEA4AA147C727D00C4ADB7 /* GPBCodedOuputStreamTests.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B69D0F94FDF800A0C422 /* GPBCodedOuputStreamTests.m */; };
+		8BBEA4AC147C727D00C4ADB7 /* GPBMessageTests.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B6A30F94FDF800A0C422 /* GPBMessageTests.m */; };
+		8BBEA4B0147C727D00C4ADB7 /* GPBTestUtilities.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B6AC0F94FDF800A0C422 /* GPBTestUtilities.m */; };
+		8BBEA4B6147C727D00C4ADB7 /* GPBUnknownFieldSetTest.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B6B80F94FDF900A0C422 /* GPBUnknownFieldSetTest.m */; };
+		8BBEA4B7147C727D00C4ADB7 /* GPBUtilitiesTests.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B6BA0F94FDF900A0C422 /* GPBUtilitiesTests.m */; };
+		8BBEA4B8147C727D00C4ADB7 /* GPBWireFormatTests.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B6BC0F94FDF900A0C422 /* GPBWireFormatTests.m */; };
+		8BBEA4BB147C729200C4ADB7 /* libProtocolBuffers.a in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 7461B52E0F94FAF800A0C422 /* libProtocolBuffers.a */; };
+		8BD3981F14BE59D70081D629 /* GPBUnittestProtos.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 8BD3981E14BE59D70081D629 /* GPBUnittestProtos.m */; };
+		8BF8193514A0DDA600A2C982 /* Foundation.framework in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 1D30AB110D05D00D00671497 /* Foundation.framework */; };
+		F401DC2D1A8D444600FCC765 /* GPBArray.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F401DC2B1A8D444600FCC765 /* GPBArray.m */; };
+		F401DC331A8E5C0200FCC765 /* GPBArrayTests.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F401DC321A8E5C0200FCC765 /* GPBArrayTests.m */; };
+		F40EE4AB206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest01.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE488206BF8B00071091A /* GPBCompileTest01.m */; };
+		F40EE4AC206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest02.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE481206BF8AE0071091A /* GPBCompileTest02.m */; };
+		F40EE4AD206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest03.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE491206BF8B10071091A /* GPBCompileTest03.m */; };
+		F40EE4AE206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest04.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE47E206BF8AE0071091A /* GPBCompileTest04.m */; };
+		F40EE4AF206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest05.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE47F206BF8AE0071091A /* GPBCompileTest05.m */; };
+		F40EE4B0206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest06.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE492206BF8B10071091A /* GPBCompileTest06.m */; };
+		F40EE4B1206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest07.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE480206BF8AE0071091A /* GPBCompileTest07.m */; };
+		F40EE4B2206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest08.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE47D206BF8AD0071091A /* GPBCompileTest08.m */; };
+		F40EE4B3206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest09.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE484206BF8AF0071091A /* GPBCompileTest09.m */; };
+		F40EE4B4206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest10.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE48C206BF8B00071091A /* GPBCompileTest10.m */; };
+		F40EE4B5206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest11.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE493206BF8B20071091A /* GPBCompileTest11.m */; };
+		F40EE4B6206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest12.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE490206BF8B10071091A /* GPBCompileTest12.m */; };
+		F40EE4B7206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest13.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE483206BF8AF0071091A /* GPBCompileTest13.m */; };
+		F40EE4B8206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest14.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE48F206BF8B10071091A /* GPBCompileTest14.m */; };
+		F40EE4B9206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest15.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE489206BF8B00071091A /* GPBCompileTest15.m */; };
+		F40EE4BA206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest16.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE48B206BF8B00071091A /* GPBCompileTest16.m */; };
+		F40EE4BB206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest17.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE48D206BF8B00071091A /* GPBCompileTest17.m */; };
+		F40EE4BC206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest18.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE48E206BF8B10071091A /* GPBCompileTest18.m */; };
+		F40EE4BD206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest19.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE482206BF8AF0071091A /* GPBCompileTest19.m */; };
+		F40EE4BE206BF8B90071091A /* GPBCompileTest20.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE485206BF8AF0071091A /* GPBCompileTest20.m */; };
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+		F40EE50C206C06640071091A /* GPBCompileTest25.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F40EE507206C06440071091A /* GPBCompileTest25.m */; };
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+		F4353D231ABB1537005A6198 /* GPBDictionary.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F4353D211ABB1537005A6198 /* GPBDictionary.m */; };
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+		F4353D371AC06F10005A6198 /* GPBDictionaryTests+String.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F4353D301AC06F10005A6198 /* GPBDictionaryTests+String.m */; };
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diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..888be4da1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Workspace
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+   <FileRef
+      location = "self:ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj">
+   </FileRef>
+</Workspace>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/IDEWorkspaceChecks.plist b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/IDEWorkspaceChecks.plist
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18d981003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/IDEWorkspaceChecks.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
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+	<true/>
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+</plist>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/WorkspaceSettings.xcsettings b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/WorkspaceSettings.xcsettings
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08de0be8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/WorkspaceSettings.xcsettings
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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+<dict>
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+	<false/>
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/PerformanceTests.xcscheme b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/PerformanceTests.xcscheme
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6653a1b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/PerformanceTests.xcscheme
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
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+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt32ObjectDictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt32UInt32DictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt32UInt64DictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64ArrayTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64BoolDictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64DoubleDictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64EnumDictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64EnumDictionaryUnknownEnumTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64FloatDictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64Int32DictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64Int64DictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64ObjectDictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64UInt32DictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64UInt64DictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "MessageMergeTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "MessageRuntimeTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "MessageSerializationTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "MessageTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "UnknownFieldSetTest">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "UtilitiesTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "WellKnownTypesTest">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "WireFormatTests">
+               </Test>
+            </SkippedTests>
+         </TestableReference>
+      </Testables>
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </TestAction>
+   <LaunchAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      launchStyle = "0"
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES"
+      debugServiceExtension = "internal"
+      allowLocationSimulation = "YES">
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+            BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+            BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
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+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </LaunchAction>
+   <ProfileAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES"
+      savedToolIdentifier = ""
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES">
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+            BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+            BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+   </ProfileAction>
+   <AnalyzeAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release">
+   </AnalyzeAction>
+   <ArchiveAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      revealArchiveInOrganizer = "YES">
+   </ArchiveAction>
+</Scheme>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/ProtocolBuffers.xcscheme b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/ProtocolBuffers.xcscheme
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..328771b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/ProtocolBuffers.xcscheme
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Scheme
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "0930"
+   version = "1.3">
+   <BuildAction
+      parallelizeBuildables = "YES"
+      buildImplicitDependencies = "NO">
+      <BuildActionEntries>
+         <BuildActionEntry
+            buildForTesting = "YES"
+            buildForRunning = "YES"
+            buildForProfiling = "YES"
+            buildForArchiving = "YES"
+            buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+               BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+               BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+         </BuildActionEntry>
+         <BuildActionEntry
+            buildForTesting = "YES"
+            buildForRunning = "YES"
+            buildForProfiling = "NO"
+            buildForArchiving = "NO"
+            buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "F4487C381A9F8E0200531423"
+               BuildableName = "libTestSingleSourceBuild.a"
+               BlueprintName = "TestSingleSourceBuild"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+         </BuildActionEntry>
+         <BuildActionEntry
+            buildForTesting = "YES"
+            buildForRunning = "NO"
+            buildForProfiling = "NO"
+            buildForArchiving = "NO"
+            buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "8BBEA4A5147C727100C4ADB7"
+               BuildableName = "UnitTests.xctest"
+               BlueprintName = "UnitTests"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+         </BuildActionEntry>
+      </BuildActionEntries>
+   </BuildAction>
+   <TestAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      codeCoverageEnabled = "YES"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES">
+      <Testables>
+         <TestableReference
+            skipped = "NO">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "8BBEA4A5147C727100C4ADB7"
+               BuildableName = "UnitTests.xctest"
+               BlueprintName = "UnitTests"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+            <SkippedTests>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "PerfTests">
+               </Test>
+            </SkippedTests>
+         </TestableReference>
+      </Testables>
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+            BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+            BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </TestAction>
+   <LaunchAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      launchStyle = "0"
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES"
+      debugServiceExtension = "internal"
+      allowLocationSimulation = "YES">
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+            BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+            BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </LaunchAction>
+   <ProfileAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES"
+      savedToolIdentifier = ""
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES">
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+            BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+            BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_OSX.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+   </ProfileAction>
+   <AnalyzeAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug">
+   </AnalyzeAction>
+   <ArchiveAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      revealArchiveInOrganizer = "YES">
+   </ArchiveAction>
+</Scheme>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f1d825c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,1137 @@
+// !$*UTF8*$!
+{
+	archiveVersion = 1;
+	classes = {
+	};
+	objectVersion = 47;
+	objects = {
+
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diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..037a91dfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Workspace
+   version = "1.0">
+   <FileRef
+      location = "self:ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj">
+   </FileRef>
+</Workspace>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/IDEWorkspaceChecks.plist b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/IDEWorkspaceChecks.plist
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18d981003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/IDEWorkspaceChecks.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>IDEDidComputeMac32BitWarning</key>
+	<true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/WorkspaceSettings.xcsettings b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/WorkspaceSettings.xcsettings
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08de0be8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/WorkspaceSettings.xcsettings
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
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+	<false/>
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/PerformanceTests.xcscheme b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/PerformanceTests.xcscheme
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a02f7e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/PerformanceTests.xcscheme
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
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+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64EnumDictionaryUnknownEnumTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64FloatDictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64Int32DictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64Int64DictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64ObjectDictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64UInt32DictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64UInt64DictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "MessageMergeTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "MessageRuntimeTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "MessageSerializationTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "MessageTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "UnknownFieldSetTest">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "UtilitiesTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "WellKnownTypesTest">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "WireFormatTests">
+               </Test>
+            </SkippedTests>
+         </TestableReference>
+      </Testables>
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "8B9A5EA41831993600A9D33B"
+            BuildableName = "iOSTestHarness.app"
+            BlueprintName = "iOSTestHarness"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </TestAction>
+   <LaunchAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      launchStyle = "0"
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES"
+      debugServiceExtension = "internal"
+      allowLocationSimulation = "YES">
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </LaunchAction>
+   <ProfileAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES"
+      savedToolIdentifier = ""
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES">
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+            BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+            BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+   </ProfileAction>
+   <AnalyzeAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release">
+   </AnalyzeAction>
+   <ArchiveAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      revealArchiveInOrganizer = "YES">
+   </ArchiveAction>
+</Scheme>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/ProtocolBuffers.xcscheme b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/ProtocolBuffers.xcscheme
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bacbcba3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/ProtocolBuffers.xcscheme
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Scheme
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "0930"
+   version = "1.3">
+   <BuildAction
+      parallelizeBuildables = "YES"
+      buildImplicitDependencies = "NO">
+      <BuildActionEntries>
+         <BuildActionEntry
+            buildForTesting = "YES"
+            buildForRunning = "YES"
+            buildForProfiling = "YES"
+            buildForArchiving = "YES"
+            buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+               BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+               BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+         </BuildActionEntry>
+         <BuildActionEntry
+            buildForTesting = "YES"
+            buildForRunning = "YES"
+            buildForProfiling = "NO"
+            buildForArchiving = "NO"
+            buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "F4487C551A9F8F8100531423"
+               BuildableName = "libTestSingleSourceBuild.a"
+               BlueprintName = "TestSingleSourceBuild"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+         </BuildActionEntry>
+         <BuildActionEntry
+            buildForTesting = "YES"
+            buildForRunning = "NO"
+            buildForProfiling = "NO"
+            buildForArchiving = "NO"
+            buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "8BBEA4A5147C727100C4ADB7"
+               BuildableName = "UnitTests.xctest"
+               BlueprintName = "UnitTests"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
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+      </BuildActionEntries>
+   </BuildAction>
+   <TestAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      codeCoverageEnabled = "YES"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES">
+      <Testables>
+         <TestableReference
+            skipped = "NO">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "8BBEA4A5147C727100C4ADB7"
+               BuildableName = "UnitTests.xctest"
+               BlueprintName = "UnitTests"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+            <SkippedTests>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "PerfTests">
+               </Test>
+            </SkippedTests>
+         </TestableReference>
+      </Testables>
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "8B9A5EA41831993600A9D33B"
+            BuildableName = "iOSTestHarness.app"
+            BlueprintName = "iOSTestHarness"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </TestAction>
+   <LaunchAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      launchStyle = "0"
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES"
+      debugServiceExtension = "internal"
+      allowLocationSimulation = "YES">
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+            BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+            BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </LaunchAction>
+   <ProfileAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES"
+      savedToolIdentifier = ""
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES">
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+            BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+            BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_iOS.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+   </ProfileAction>
+   <AnalyzeAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug">
+   </AnalyzeAction>
+   <ArchiveAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      revealArchiveInOrganizer = "YES">
+   </ArchiveAction>
+</Scheme>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c40c2aaa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,1129 @@
+// !$*UTF8*$!
+{
+	archiveVersion = 1;
+	classes = {
+	};
+	objectVersion = 47;
+	objects = {
+
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diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c32c7f83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
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diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/IDEWorkspaceChecks.plist b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/IDEWorkspaceChecks.plist
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18d981003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/IDEWorkspaceChecks.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
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diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/WorkspaceSettings.xcsettings b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/WorkspaceSettings.xcsettings
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08de0be8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/WorkspaceSettings.xcsettings
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
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diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/PerformanceTests.xcscheme b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/PerformanceTests.xcscheme
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b11dc6ea9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/PerformanceTests.xcscheme
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
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+                  Identifier = "GPBUInt64UInt64DictionaryTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "MessageMergeTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "MessageRuntimeTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "MessageSerializationTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "MessageTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "PerfTests/testHas">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "UnknownFieldSetTest">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "UtilitiesTests">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "WellKnownTypesTest">
+               </Test>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "WireFormatTests">
+               </Test>
+            </SkippedTests>
+         </TestableReference>
+      </Testables>
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+            BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+            BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </TestAction>
+   <LaunchAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      launchStyle = "0"
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+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </LaunchAction>
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+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES"
+      savedToolIdentifier = ""
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+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES">
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+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+            BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+            BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj">
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+      </MacroExpansion>
+   </ProfileAction>
+   <AnalyzeAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release">
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+   <ArchiveAction
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diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/ProtocolBuffers.xcscheme b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/ProtocolBuffers.xcscheme
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25d047a18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/ProtocolBuffers.xcscheme
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Scheme
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "0930"
+   version = "1.3">
+   <BuildAction
+      parallelizeBuildables = "YES"
+      buildImplicitDependencies = "NO">
+      <BuildActionEntries>
+         <BuildActionEntry
+            buildForTesting = "YES"
+            buildForRunning = "YES"
+            buildForProfiling = "YES"
+            buildForArchiving = "YES"
+            buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+               BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+               BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+         </BuildActionEntry>
+         <BuildActionEntry
+            buildForTesting = "YES"
+            buildForRunning = "YES"
+            buildForProfiling = "NO"
+            buildForArchiving = "NO"
+            buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "F4487C551A9F8F8100531423"
+               BuildableName = "libTestSingleSourceBuild.a"
+               BlueprintName = "TestSingleSourceBuild"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
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+            buildForRunning = "NO"
+            buildForProfiling = "NO"
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+            buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
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+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "8BBEA4A5147C727100C4ADB7"
+               BuildableName = "UnitTests.xctest"
+               BlueprintName = "UnitTests"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj">
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+      </BuildActionEntries>
+   </BuildAction>
+   <TestAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      codeCoverageEnabled = "YES"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES">
+      <Testables>
+         <TestableReference
+            skipped = "NO">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "8BBEA4A5147C727100C4ADB7"
+               BuildableName = "UnitTests.xctest"
+               BlueprintName = "UnitTests"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+            <SkippedTests>
+               <Test
+                  Identifier = "PerfTests">
+               </Test>
+            </SkippedTests>
+         </TestableReference>
+      </Testables>
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+            BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+            BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </TestAction>
+   <LaunchAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      launchStyle = "0"
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES"
+      debugServiceExtension = "internal"
+      allowLocationSimulation = "YES">
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+            BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+            BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </LaunchAction>
+   <ProfileAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES"
+      savedToolIdentifier = ""
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES">
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "7461B52D0F94FAF800A0C422"
+            BuildableName = "libProtocolBuffers.a"
+            BlueprintName = "ProtocolBuffers"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:ProtocolBuffers_tvOS.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
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+      buildConfiguration = "Debug">
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diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..528f54720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+===================================================
+
+[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-objectivec_cocoapods_integration.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fobjectivec_cocoapods_integration%2Fcontinuous) [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-objectivec_ios_debug.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fobjectivec_ios_debug%2Fcontinuous) [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-objectivec_ios_release.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fobjectivec_ios_release%2Fcontinuous) [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-objectivec_osx.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fobjectivec_osx%2Fcontinuous)
+
+Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+
+This directory contains the Objective C Protocol Buffers runtime library.
+
+Requirements
+------------
+
+The Objective C implementation requires:
+
+- Objective C 2.0 Runtime (32bit & 64bit iOS, 64bit OS X).
+- Xcode 8.0 (or later).
+- The library code does *not* use ARC (for performance reasons), but it all can
+  be called from ARC code.
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+The distribution pulled from github includes the sources for both the
+compiler (protoc) and the runtime (this directory). After cloning the distribution
+and needed submodules ([see the src directory's README](../src/README.md)),
+to build the compiler and run the runtime tests, you can use:
+
+     $ objectivec/DevTools/full_mac_build.sh
+
+This will generate the `src/protoc` binary.
+
+Building
+--------
+
+There are two ways to include the Runtime sources in your project:
+
+Add `objectivec/*.h`, `objectivec/google/protobuf/*.pbobjc.h`, and
+`objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers.m` to your project.
+
+*or*
+
+Add `objectivec/*.h`, `objectivec/google/protobuf/*.pbobjc.h`,
+`objectivec/google/protobuf/*.pbobjc.m`, and `objectivec/*.m` except for
+`objectivec/GPBProtocolBuffers.m` to your project.
+
+
+If the target is using ARC, remember to turn off ARC (`-fno-objc-arc`) for the
+`.m` files.
+
+The files generated by `protoc` for the `*.proto` files (`*.pbobjc.h` and
+`*.pbobjc.m`) are then also added to the target.
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+The objects generated for messages should work like any other Objective C
+object. They are mutable objects, but if you don't change them, they are safe
+to share between threads (similar to passing an NSMutableDictionary between
+threads/queues; as long as no one mutates it, things are fine).
+
+There are a few behaviors worth calling out:
+
+A property that is type NSString\* will never return nil. If the value is
+unset, it will return an empty string (@""). This is inpart to align things
+with the Protocol Buffers spec which says the default for strings is an empty
+string, but also so you can always safely pass them to isEqual:/compare:, etc.
+and have deterministic results.
+
+A property that is type NSData\* also won't return nil, it will return an empty
+data ([NSData data]). The reasoning is the same as for NSString not returning
+nil.
+
+A property that is another GPBMessage class also will not return nil. If the
+field wasn't already set, you will get a instance of the correct class. This
+instance will be a temporary instance unless you mutate it, at which point it
+will be attached to its parent object. We call this pattern *autocreators*.
+Similar to NSString and NSData properties it makes things a little safer when
+using them with isEqual:/etc.; but more importantly, this allows you to write
+code that uses Objective C's property dot notation to walk into nested objects
+and access and/or assign things without having to check that they are not nil
+and create them each step along the way. You can write this:
+
+```
+- (void)updateRecord:(MyMessage *)msg {
+  ...
+  // Note: You don't have to check subMessage and otherMessage for nil and
+  // alloc/init/assign them back along the way.
+  msg.subMessage.otherMessage.lastName = @"Smith";
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+If you want to check if a GPBMessage property is present, there is always as
+`has\[NAME\]` property to go with the main property to check if it is set.
+
+A property that is of an Array or Dictionary type also provides *autocreator*
+behavior and will never return nil. This provides all the same benefits you
+see for the message properties. Again, you can write:
+
+```
+- (void)updateRecord:(MyMessage *)msg {
+  ...
+  // Note: Just like above, you don't have to check subMessage and otherMessage
+  // for nil and alloc/init/assign them back along the way. You also don't have
+  // to create the siblingsArray, you can safely just append to it.
+  [msg.subMessage.otherMessage.siblingsArray addObject:@"Pat"];
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+If you are inspecting a message you got from some other place (server, disk,
+etc), you may want to check if the Array or Dictionary has entries without
+causing it to be created for you. For this, there is always a `\[NAME\]_Count`
+property also provided that can return zero or the real count, but won't trigger
+the creation.
+
+For primitive type fields (ints, floats, bools, enum) in messages defined in a
+`.proto` file that use *proto2* syntax there are conceptual differences between
+having an *explicit* and *default* value. You can always get the value of the
+property. In the case that it hasn't been set you will get the default. In
+cases where you need to know whether it was set explicitly or you are just
+getting the default, you can use the `has\[NAME\]` property. If the value has
+been set, and you want to clear it, you can set the `has\[NAME\]` to `NO`.
+*proto3* syntax messages do away with this concept, thus the default values are
+never included when the message is encoded.
+
+The Objective C classes/enums can be used from Swift code.
+
+Objective C Generator Proto File Options
+----------------------------------------
+
+**objc_class_prefix=\<prefix\>** (no default)
+
+Since Objective C uses a global namespace for all of its classes, there can
+be collisions. This option provides a prefix that will be added to the Enums
+and Objects (for messages) generated from the proto. Convention is to base
+the prefix on the package the proto is in.
+
+Objective C Generator `protoc` Options
+--------------------------------------
+
+When generating Objective C code, `protoc` supports a `--objc_opt` argument; the
+argument is comma-delimited name/value pairs (_key=value,key2=value2_). The
+_keys_ are used to change the behavior during generation. The currently
+supported keys are:
+
+  * `generate_for_named_framework`: The `value` used for this key will be used
+    when generating the `#import` statements in the generated code.  Instead
+    of being plain `#import "some/path/file.pbobjc.h"` lines, they will be
+    framework based, i.e. - `#import <VALUE/file.pbobjc.h>`.
+
+    _NOTE:_ If this is used with `named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path`,
+    then this is effectively the _default_ to use for everything that wasn't
+    mapped by the other.
+
+  * `named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path`: The `value` used for this key
+    is a path to a file containing the listing of framework names and proto
+    files. The generator uses this to decide if another proto file referenced
+    should use a framework style import vs. a user level import
+    (`#import <FRAMEWORK/file.pbobjc.h>` vs `#import "dir/file.pbobjc.h"`).
+
+    The format of the file is:
+      * An entry is a line of `frameworkName: file.proto, dir/file2.proto`.
+      * Comments start with `#`.
+      * A comment can go on a line after an entry.
+        (i.e. - `frameworkName: file.proto # comment`)
+
+    Any number of files can be listed for a framework, just separate them with
+    commas.
+
+    There can be multiple lines listing the same frameworkName incase it has a
+    lot of proto files included in it; and having multiple lines makes things
+    easier to read.
+
+Contributing
+------------
+
+Please make updates to the tests along with changes. If just changing the
+runtime, the Xcode projects can be used to build and run tests. If your change
+also requires changes to the generated code,
+`objectivec/DevTools/full_mac_build.sh` can be used to easily rebuild and test
+changes. Passing `-h` to the script will show the addition options that could
+be useful.
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+
+The complete documentation for Protocol Buffers is available via the
+web at:
+
+    https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9df381a1
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+				F4D5A0A81CEE2D8F00562D79 /* OSXCocoaPodsTester */,
+			);
+		};
+/* End PBXProject section */
+
+/* Begin PBXResourcesBuildPhase section */
+		F4D5A0A71CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Resources */ = {
+			isa = PBXResourcesBuildPhase;
+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
+			files = (
+				F4D5A0B31CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Assets.xcassets in Resources */,
+				F4D5A0B61CEE2D8F00562D79 /* MainMenu.xib in Resources */,
+			);
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
+		};
+/* End PBXResourcesBuildPhase section */
+
+/* Begin PBXSourcesBuildPhase section */
+		F4D5A0A51CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Sources */ = {
+			isa = PBXSourcesBuildPhase;
+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
+			files = (
+				F4D5A0B11CEE2D8F00562D79 /* main.m in Sources */,
+				F4D5A0AE1CEE2D8F00562D79 /* AppDelegate.m in Sources */,
+			);
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
+		};
+/* End PBXSourcesBuildPhase section */
+
+/* Begin PBXVariantGroup section */
+		F4D5A0B41CEE2D8F00562D79 /* MainMenu.xib */ = {
+			isa = PBXVariantGroup;
+			children = (
+				F4D5A0B51CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Base */,
+			);
+			name = MainMenu.xib;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+/* End PBXVariantGroup section */
+
+/* Begin XCBuildConfiguration section */
+		F4D5A0B81CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Debug */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				ALWAYS_SEARCH_USER_PATHS = NO;
+				CLANG_ANALYZER_NONNULL = YES;
+				CLANG_CXX_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = "gnu++0x";
+				CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY = "libc++";
+				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
+				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
+				CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY = "-";
+				COPY_PHASE_STRIP = NO;
+				DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT = dwarf;
+				ENABLE_STRICT_OBJC_MSGSEND = YES;
+				ENABLE_TESTABILITY = YES;
+				GCC_C_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = gnu99;
+				GCC_DYNAMIC_NO_PIC = NO;
+				GCC_NO_COMMON_BLOCKS = YES;
+				GCC_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = 0;
+				GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS = (
+					"DEBUG=1",
+					"$(inherited)",
+				);
+				GCC_WARN_64_TO_32_BIT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_ABOUT_RETURN_TYPE = YES_ERROR;
+				GCC_WARN_UNDECLARED_SELECTOR = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_UNINITIALIZED_AUTOS = YES_AGGRESSIVE;
+				GCC_WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE = YES;
+				MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 10.11;
+				MTL_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO = YES;
+				ONLY_ACTIVE_ARCH = YES;
+				SDKROOT = macosx;
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
+		F4D5A0B91CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				ALWAYS_SEARCH_USER_PATHS = NO;
+				CLANG_ANALYZER_NONNULL = YES;
+				CLANG_CXX_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = "gnu++0x";
+				CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY = "libc++";
+				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
+				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
+				CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY = "-";
+				COPY_PHASE_STRIP = NO;
+				DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT = "dwarf-with-dsym";
+				ENABLE_NS_ASSERTIONS = NO;
+				ENABLE_STRICT_OBJC_MSGSEND = YES;
+				GCC_C_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = gnu99;
+				GCC_NO_COMMON_BLOCKS = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_64_TO_32_BIT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_ABOUT_RETURN_TYPE = YES_ERROR;
+				GCC_WARN_UNDECLARED_SELECTOR = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_UNINITIALIZED_AUTOS = YES_AGGRESSIVE;
+				GCC_WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE = YES;
+				MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 10.11;
+				MTL_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO = NO;
+				SDKROOT = macosx;
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
+		F4D5A0BB1CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Debug */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
+				COMBINE_HIDPI_IMAGES = YES;
+				INFOPLIST_FILE = OSXCocoaPodsTester/Info.plist;
+				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/../Frameworks";
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = com.google.OSXCocoaPodsTester;
+				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
+		F4D5A0BC1CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
+				COMBINE_HIDPI_IMAGES = YES;
+				INFOPLIST_FILE = OSXCocoaPodsTester/Info.plist;
+				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/../Frameworks";
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = com.google.OSXCocoaPodsTester;
+				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
+/* End XCBuildConfiguration section */
+
+/* Begin XCConfigurationList section */
+		F4D5A0A41CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "OSXCocoaPodsTester" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				F4D5A0B81CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Debug */,
+				F4D5A0B91CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+		F4D5A0BA1CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "OSXCocoaPodsTester" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				F4D5A0BB1CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Debug */,
+				F4D5A0BC1CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+		};
+/* End XCConfigurationList section */
+	};
+	rootObject = F4D5A0A11CEE2D8F00562D79 /* Project object */;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d874e28a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Workspace
+   version = "1.0">
+   <FileRef
+      location = "self:OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj">
+   </FileRef>
+</Workspace>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcscheme b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcscheme
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56f8782eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcscheme
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Scheme
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "0730"
+   version = "1.3">
+   <BuildAction
+      parallelizeBuildables = "YES"
+      buildImplicitDependencies = "YES">
+      <BuildActionEntries>
+         <BuildActionEntry
+            buildForTesting = "YES"
+            buildForRunning = "YES"
+            buildForProfiling = "YES"
+            buildForArchiving = "YES"
+            buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "F4D5A0A81CEE2D8F00562D79"
+               BuildableName = "OSXCocoaPodsTester.app"
+               BlueprintName = "OSXCocoaPodsTester"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+         </BuildActionEntry>
+      </BuildActionEntries>
+   </BuildAction>
+   <TestAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES">
+      <Testables>
+      </Testables>
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "F4D5A0A81CEE2D8F00562D79"
+            BuildableName = "OSXCocoaPodsTester.app"
+            BlueprintName = "OSXCocoaPodsTester"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </TestAction>
+   <LaunchAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      launchStyle = "0"
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES"
+      debugServiceExtension = "internal"
+      allowLocationSimulation = "YES">
+      <BuildableProductRunnable
+         runnableDebuggingMode = "0">
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "F4D5A0A81CEE2D8F00562D79"
+            BuildableName = "OSXCocoaPodsTester.app"
+            BlueprintName = "OSXCocoaPodsTester"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </BuildableProductRunnable>
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </LaunchAction>
+   <ProfileAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES"
+      savedToolIdentifier = ""
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES">
+      <BuildableProductRunnable
+         runnableDebuggingMode = "0">
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "F4D5A0A81CEE2D8F00562D79"
+            BuildableName = "OSXCocoaPodsTester.app"
+            BlueprintName = "OSXCocoaPodsTester"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:OSXCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </BuildableProductRunnable>
+   </ProfileAction>
+   <AnalyzeAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug">
+   </AnalyzeAction>
+   <ArchiveAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      revealArchiveInOrganizer = "YES">
+   </ArchiveAction>
+</Scheme>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/AppDelegate.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/AppDelegate.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7ab521d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/AppDelegate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
+
+@interface AppDelegate : NSObject <NSApplicationDelegate>
+
+
+@end
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/AppDelegate.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/AppDelegate.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08735a006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/AppDelegate.m
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "AppDelegate.h"
+
+@interface AppDelegate ()
+
+@property (weak) IBOutlet NSWindow *window;
+@end
+
+@implementation AppDelegate
+
+- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)aNotification {
+  // Insert code here to initialize your application
+}
+
+- (void)applicationWillTerminate:(NSNotification *)aNotification {
+  // Insert code here to tear down your application
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2db2b1c7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "size" : "16x16",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "size" : "16x16",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "size" : "32x32",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "size" : "32x32",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "size" : "128x128",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "size" : "128x128",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "size" : "256x256",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "size" : "256x256",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "size" : "512x512",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "size" : "512x512",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Base.lproj/MainMenu.xib b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Base.lproj/MainMenu.xib
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa3547ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Base.lproj/MainMenu.xib
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<document type="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder3.Cocoa.XIB" version="3.0" toolsVersion="6233" systemVersion="14A329f" targetRuntime="MacOSX.Cocoa" propertyAccessControl="none" useAutolayout="YES" customObjectInstantitationMethod="direct">
+    <dependencies>
+        <plugIn identifier="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder.CocoaPlugin" version="6233"/>
+    </dependencies>
+    <objects>
+        <customObject id="-2" userLabel="File's Owner" customClass="NSApplication">
+            <connections>
+                <outlet property="delegate" destination="Voe-Tx-rLC" id="GzC-gU-4Uq"/>
+            </connections>
+        </customObject>
+        <customObject id="-1" userLabel="First Responder" customClass="FirstResponder"/>
+        <customObject id="-3" userLabel="Application" customClass="NSObject"/>
+        <customObject id="Voe-Tx-rLC" customClass="AppDelegate" customModuleProvider="">
+            <connections>
+                <outlet property="window" destination="QvC-M9-y7g" id="gIp-Ho-8D9"/>
+            </connections>
+        </customObject>
+        <customObject id="YLy-65-1bz" customClass="NSFontManager"/>
+        <menu title="Main Menu" systemMenu="main" id="AYu-sK-qS6">
+            <items>
+                <menuItem title="OSXCocoaPodsTester" id="1Xt-HY-uBw">
+                    <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                    <menu key="submenu" title="OSXCocoaPodsTester" systemMenu="apple" id="uQy-DD-JDr">
+                        <items>
+                            <menuItem title="About OSXCocoaPodsTester" id="5kV-Vb-QxS">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="orderFrontStandardAboutPanel:" target="-1" id="Exp-CZ-Vem"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="VOq-y0-SEH"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Preferences…" keyEquivalent="," id="BOF-NM-1cW"/>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="wFC-TO-SCJ"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Services" id="NMo-om-nkz">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Services" systemMenu="services" id="hz9-B4-Xy5"/>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="4je-JR-u6R"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Hide OSXCocoaPodsTester" keyEquivalent="h" id="Olw-nP-bQN">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="hide:" target="-1" id="PnN-Uc-m68"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Hide Others" keyEquivalent="h" id="Vdr-fp-XzO">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="hideOtherApplications:" target="-1" id="VT4-aY-XCT"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Show All" id="Kd2-mp-pUS">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="unhideAllApplications:" target="-1" id="Dhg-Le-xox"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="kCx-OE-vgT"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Quit OSXCocoaPodsTester" keyEquivalent="q" id="4sb-4s-VLi">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="terminate:" target="-1" id="Te7-pn-YzF"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                        </items>
+                    </menu>
+                </menuItem>
+                <menuItem title="File" id="dMs-cI-mzQ">
+                    <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                    <menu key="submenu" title="File" id="bib-Uj-vzu">
+                        <items>
+                            <menuItem title="New" keyEquivalent="n" id="Was-JA-tGl">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="newDocument:" target="-1" id="4Si-XN-c54"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Open…" keyEquivalent="o" id="IAo-SY-fd9">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="openDocument:" target="-1" id="bVn-NM-KNZ"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Open Recent" id="tXI-mr-wws">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Open Recent" systemMenu="recentDocuments" id="oas-Oc-fiZ">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Clear Menu" id="vNY-rz-j42">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="clearRecentDocuments:" target="-1" id="Daa-9d-B3U"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="m54-Is-iLE"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Close" keyEquivalent="w" id="DVo-aG-piG">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="performClose:" target="-1" id="HmO-Ls-i7Q"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Save…" keyEquivalent="s" id="pxx-59-PXV">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="saveDocument:" target="-1" id="teZ-XB-qJY"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Save As…" keyEquivalent="S" id="Bw7-FT-i3A">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="saveDocumentAs:" target="-1" id="mDf-zr-I0C"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Revert to Saved" id="KaW-ft-85H">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="revertDocumentToSaved:" target="-1" id="iJ3-Pv-kwq"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="aJh-i4-bef"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Page Setup…" keyEquivalent="P" id="qIS-W8-SiK">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" shift="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="runPageLayout:" target="-1" id="Din-rz-gC5"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Print…" keyEquivalent="p" id="aTl-1u-JFS">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="print:" target="-1" id="qaZ-4w-aoO"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                        </items>
+                    </menu>
+                </menuItem>
+                <menuItem title="Edit" id="5QF-Oa-p0T">
+                    <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                    <menu key="submenu" title="Edit" id="W48-6f-4Dl">
+                        <items>
+                            <menuItem title="Undo" keyEquivalent="z" id="dRJ-4n-Yzg">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="undo:" target="-1" id="M6e-cu-g7V"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Redo" keyEquivalent="Z" id="6dh-zS-Vam">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="redo:" target="-1" id="oIA-Rs-6OD"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="WRV-NI-Exz"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Cut" keyEquivalent="x" id="uRl-iY-unG">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="cut:" target="-1" id="YJe-68-I9s"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Copy" keyEquivalent="c" id="x3v-GG-iWU">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="copy:" target="-1" id="G1f-GL-Joy"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Paste" keyEquivalent="v" id="gVA-U4-sdL">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="paste:" target="-1" id="UvS-8e-Qdg"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Paste and Match Style" keyEquivalent="V" id="WeT-3V-zwk">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="pasteAsPlainText:" target="-1" id="cEh-KX-wJQ"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Delete" id="pa3-QI-u2k">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="delete:" target="-1" id="0Mk-Ml-PaM"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Select All" keyEquivalent="a" id="Ruw-6m-B2m">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="selectAll:" target="-1" id="VNm-Mi-diN"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="uyl-h8-XO2"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Find" id="4EN-yA-p0u">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Find" id="1b7-l0-nxx">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Find…" tag="1" keyEquivalent="f" id="Xz5-n4-O0W">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="cD7-Qs-BN4"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Find and Replace…" tag="12" keyEquivalent="f" id="YEy-JH-Tfz">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="WD3-Gg-5AJ"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Find Next" tag="2" keyEquivalent="g" id="q09-fT-Sye">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="NDo-RZ-v9R"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Find Previous" tag="3" keyEquivalent="G" id="OwM-mh-QMV">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="HOh-sY-3ay"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Use Selection for Find" tag="7" keyEquivalent="e" id="buJ-ug-pKt">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="U76-nv-p5D"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Jump to Selection" keyEquivalent="j" id="S0p-oC-mLd">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="centerSelectionInVisibleArea:" target="-1" id="IOG-6D-g5B"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Spelling and Grammar" id="Dv1-io-Yv7">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Spelling" id="3IN-sU-3Bg">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Show Spelling and Grammar" keyEquivalent=":" id="HFo-cy-zxI">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="showGuessPanel:" target="-1" id="vFj-Ks-hy3"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Check Document Now" keyEquivalent=";" id="hz2-CU-CR7">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="checkSpelling:" target="-1" id="fz7-VC-reM"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="bNw-od-mp5"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Check Spelling While Typing" id="rbD-Rh-wIN">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleContinuousSpellChecking:" target="-1" id="7w6-Qz-0kB"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Check Grammar With Spelling" id="mK6-2p-4JG">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleGrammarChecking:" target="-1" id="muD-Qn-j4w"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Correct Spelling Automatically" id="78Y-hA-62v">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleAutomaticSpellingCorrection:" target="-1" id="2lM-Qi-WAP"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Substitutions" id="9ic-FL-obx">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Substitutions" id="FeM-D8-WVr">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Show Substitutions" id="z6F-FW-3nz">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="orderFrontSubstitutionsPanel:" target="-1" id="oku-mr-iSq"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="gPx-C9-uUO"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Smart Copy/Paste" id="9yt-4B-nSM">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleSmartInsertDelete:" target="-1" id="3IJ-Se-DZD"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Smart Quotes" id="hQb-2v-fYv">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleAutomaticQuoteSubstitution:" target="-1" id="ptq-xd-QOA"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Smart Dashes" id="rgM-f4-ycn">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleAutomaticDashSubstitution:" target="-1" id="oCt-pO-9gS"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Smart Links" id="cwL-P1-jid">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleAutomaticLinkDetection:" target="-1" id="Gip-E3-Fov"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Data Detectors" id="tRr-pd-1PS">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleAutomaticDataDetection:" target="-1" id="R1I-Nq-Kbl"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Text Replacement" id="HFQ-gK-NFA">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleAutomaticTextReplacement:" target="-1" id="DvP-Fe-Py6"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Transformations" id="2oI-Rn-ZJC">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Transformations" id="c8a-y6-VQd">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Make Upper Case" id="vmV-6d-7jI">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="uppercaseWord:" target="-1" id="sPh-Tk-edu"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Make Lower Case" id="d9M-CD-aMd">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="lowercaseWord:" target="-1" id="iUZ-b5-hil"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Capitalize" id="UEZ-Bs-lqG">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="capitalizeWord:" target="-1" id="26H-TL-nsh"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Speech" id="xrE-MZ-jX0">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Speech" id="3rS-ZA-NoH">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Start Speaking" id="Ynk-f8-cLZ">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="startSpeaking:" target="-1" id="654-Ng-kyl"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Stop Speaking" id="Oyz-dy-DGm">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="stopSpeaking:" target="-1" id="dX8-6p-jy9"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                        </items>
+                    </menu>
+                </menuItem>
+                <menuItem title="Format" id="jxT-CU-nIS">
+                    <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                    <menu key="submenu" title="Format" id="GEO-Iw-cKr">
+                        <items>
+                            <menuItem title="Font" id="Gi5-1S-RQB">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Font" systemMenu="font" id="aXa-aM-Jaq">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Show Fonts" keyEquivalent="t" id="Q5e-8K-NDq">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="orderFrontFontPanel:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="WHr-nq-2xA"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Bold" tag="2" keyEquivalent="b" id="GB9-OM-e27">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="addFontTrait:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="hqk-hr-sYV"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Italic" tag="1" keyEquivalent="i" id="Vjx-xi-njq">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="addFontTrait:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="IHV-OB-c03"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Underline" keyEquivalent="u" id="WRG-CD-K1S">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="underline:" target="-1" id="FYS-2b-JAY"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="5gT-KC-WSO"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Bigger" tag="3" keyEquivalent="+" id="Ptp-SP-VEL">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="modifyFont:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="Uc7-di-UnL"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Smaller" tag="4" keyEquivalent="-" id="i1d-Er-qST">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="modifyFont:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="HcX-Lf-eNd"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="kx3-Dk-x3B"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Kern" id="jBQ-r6-VK2">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <menu key="submenu" title="Kern" id="tlD-Oa-oAM">
+                                                <items>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Use Default" id="GUa-eO-cwY">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="useStandardKerning:" target="-1" id="6dk-9l-Ckg"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Use None" id="cDB-IK-hbR">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="turnOffKerning:" target="-1" id="U8a-gz-Maa"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Tighten" id="46P-cB-AYj">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="tightenKerning:" target="-1" id="hr7-Nz-8ro"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Loosen" id="ogc-rX-tC1">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="loosenKerning:" target="-1" id="8i4-f9-FKE"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                </items>
+                                            </menu>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Ligatures" id="o6e-r0-MWq">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <menu key="submenu" title="Ligatures" id="w0m-vy-SC9">
+                                                <items>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Use Default" id="agt-UL-0e3">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="useStandardLigatures:" target="-1" id="7uR-wd-Dx6"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Use None" id="J7y-lM-qPV">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="turnOffLigatures:" target="-1" id="iX2-gA-Ilz"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Use All" id="xQD-1f-W4t">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="useAllLigatures:" target="-1" id="KcB-kA-TuK"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                </items>
+                                            </menu>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Baseline" id="OaQ-X3-Vso">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <menu key="submenu" title="Baseline" id="ijk-EB-dga">
+                                                <items>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Use Default" id="3Om-Ey-2VK">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="unscript:" target="-1" id="0vZ-95-Ywn"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Superscript" id="Rqc-34-cIF">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="superscript:" target="-1" id="3qV-fo-wpU"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Subscript" id="I0S-gh-46l">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="subscript:" target="-1" id="Q6W-4W-IGz"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Raise" id="2h7-ER-AoG">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="raiseBaseline:" target="-1" id="4sk-31-7Q9"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Lower" id="1tx-W0-xDw">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="lowerBaseline:" target="-1" id="OF1-bc-KW4"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                </items>
+                                            </menu>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="Ndw-q3-faq"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Show Colors" keyEquivalent="C" id="bgn-CT-cEk">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="orderFrontColorPanel:" target="-1" id="mSX-Xz-DV3"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="iMs-zA-UFJ"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Copy Style" keyEquivalent="c" id="5Vv-lz-BsD">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="copyFont:" target="-1" id="GJO-xA-L4q"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Paste Style" keyEquivalent="v" id="vKC-jM-MkH">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="pasteFont:" target="-1" id="JfD-CL-leO"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Text" id="Fal-I4-PZk">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Text" id="d9c-me-L2H">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Align Left" keyEquivalent="{" id="ZM1-6Q-yy1">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="alignLeft:" target="-1" id="zUv-R1-uAa"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Center" keyEquivalent="|" id="VIY-Ag-zcb">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="alignCenter:" target="-1" id="spX-mk-kcS"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Justify" id="J5U-5w-g23">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="alignJustified:" target="-1" id="ljL-7U-jND"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Align Right" keyEquivalent="}" id="wb2-vD-lq4">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="alignRight:" target="-1" id="r48-bG-YeY"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="4s2-GY-VfK"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Writing Direction" id="H1b-Si-o9J">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <menu key="submenu" title="Writing Direction" id="8mr-sm-Yjd">
+                                                <items>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Paragraph" enabled="NO" id="ZvO-Gk-QUH">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem id="YGs-j5-SAR">
+                                                        <string key="title">	Default</string>
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="makeBaseWritingDirectionNatural:" target="-1" id="qtV-5e-UBP"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem id="Lbh-J2-qVU">
+                                                        <string key="title">	Left to Right</string>
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="makeBaseWritingDirectionLeftToRight:" target="-1" id="S0X-9S-QSf"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem id="jFq-tB-4Kx">
+                                                        <string key="title">	Right to Left</string>
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="makeBaseWritingDirectionRightToLeft:" target="-1" id="5fk-qB-AqJ"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="swp-gr-a21"/>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Selection" enabled="NO" id="cqv-fj-IhA">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem id="Nop-cj-93Q">
+                                                        <string key="title">	Default</string>
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="makeTextWritingDirectionNatural:" target="-1" id="lPI-Se-ZHp"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem id="BgM-ve-c93">
+                                                        <string key="title">	Left to Right</string>
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="makeTextWritingDirectionLeftToRight:" target="-1" id="caW-Bv-w94"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem id="RB4-Sm-HuC">
+                                                        <string key="title">	Right to Left</string>
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="makeTextWritingDirectionRightToLeft:" target="-1" id="EXD-6r-ZUu"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                </items>
+                                            </menu>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="fKy-g9-1gm"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Show Ruler" id="vLm-3I-IUL">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleRuler:" target="-1" id="FOx-HJ-KwY"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Copy Ruler" keyEquivalent="c" id="MkV-Pr-PK5">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" control="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="copyRuler:" target="-1" id="71i-fW-3W2"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Paste Ruler" keyEquivalent="v" id="LVM-kO-fVI">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" control="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="pasteRuler:" target="-1" id="cSh-wd-qM2"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                        </items>
+                    </menu>
+                </menuItem>
+                <menuItem title="View" id="H8h-7b-M4v">
+                    <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                    <menu key="submenu" title="View" id="HyV-fh-RgO">
+                        <items>
+                            <menuItem title="Show Toolbar" keyEquivalent="t" id="snW-S8-Cw5">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="toggleToolbarShown:" target="-1" id="BXY-wc-z0C"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Customize Toolbar…" id="1UK-8n-QPP">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="runToolbarCustomizationPalette:" target="-1" id="pQI-g3-MTW"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                        </items>
+                    </menu>
+                </menuItem>
+                <menuItem title="Window" id="aUF-d1-5bR">
+                    <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                    <menu key="submenu" title="Window" systemMenu="window" id="Td7-aD-5lo">
+                        <items>
+                            <menuItem title="Minimize" keyEquivalent="m" id="OY7-WF-poV">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="performMiniaturize:" target="-1" id="VwT-WD-YPe"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Zoom" id="R4o-n2-Eq4">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="performZoom:" target="-1" id="DIl-cC-cCs"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="eu3-7i-yIM"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Bring All to Front" id="LE2-aR-0XJ">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="arrangeInFront:" target="-1" id="DRN-fu-gQh"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                        </items>
+                    </menu>
+                </menuItem>
+                <menuItem title="Help" id="wpr-3q-Mcd">
+                    <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                    <menu key="submenu" title="Help" systemMenu="help" id="F2S-fz-NVQ">
+                        <items>
+                            <menuItem title="OSXCocoaPodsTester Help" keyEquivalent="?" id="FKE-Sm-Kum">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="showHelp:" target="-1" id="y7X-2Q-9no"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                        </items>
+                    </menu>
+                </menuItem>
+            </items>
+        </menu>
+        <window title="OSXCocoaPodsTester" allowsToolTipsWhenApplicationIsInactive="NO" autorecalculatesKeyViewLoop="NO" releasedWhenClosed="NO" animationBehavior="default" id="QvC-M9-y7g">
+            <windowStyleMask key="styleMask" titled="YES" closable="YES" miniaturizable="YES" resizable="YES"/>
+            <windowPositionMask key="initialPositionMask" leftStrut="YES" rightStrut="YES" topStrut="YES" bottomStrut="YES"/>
+            <rect key="contentRect" x="335" y="390" width="480" height="360"/>
+            <rect key="screenRect" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="1920" height="1177"/>
+            <view key="contentView" id="EiT-Mj-1SZ">
+                <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="480" height="360"/>
+                <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
+            </view>
+        </window>
+    </objects>
+</document>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Info.plist b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Info.plist
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed806e40d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Info.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+	<string>en</string>
+	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+	<string>$(EXECUTABLE_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
+	<string></string>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+	<string>6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleName</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+	<string>APPL</string>
+	<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+	<string>1.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+	<string>????</string>
+	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+	<string>1</string>
+	<key>LSMinimumSystemVersion</key>
+	<string>$(MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET)</string>
+	<key>NSHumanReadableCopyright</key>
+	<string>Copyright © 2016 Google. All rights reserved.</string>
+	<key>NSMainNibFile</key>
+	<string>MainMenu</string>
+	<key>NSPrincipalClass</key>
+	<string>NSApplication</string>
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/main.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/main.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b230090e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/OSXCocoaPodsTester/main.m
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
+
+int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
+  return NSApplicationMain(argc, argv);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Podfile-framework b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Podfile-framework
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27eeafc9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Podfile-framework
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'
+platform :osx, '10.9'
+
+install! 'cocoapods', :deterministic_uuids => false
+
+use_frameworks!
+
+target 'OSXCocoaPodsTester' do
+  pod 'Protobuf', :path => '../../../..'
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Podfile-static b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Podfile-static
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5dfc8de57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/OSXCocoaPodsTester/Podfile-static
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'
+platform :osx, '10.9'
+
+install! 'cocoapods', :deterministic_uuids => false
+
+target 'OSXCocoaPodsTester' do
+  pod 'Protobuf', :path => '../../../..'
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..087859188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+CocoaPods Protocol Buffers Integration Tests
+============================================
+
+The sub directories are the basic projects as created by Xcode 6.3. They are
+used to then drive `pod` and `xcodebuild` to ensure things integrate/build
+as expected.
+
+`run_tests.sh` defaults to running all the tests, invoke it with `--help` to
+see the arguments to control what tests are run.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Podfile-framework b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Podfile-framework
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..913a289b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Podfile-framework
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'
+platform :ios, '8.0'
+
+install! 'cocoapods', :deterministic_uuids => false
+
+use_frameworks!
+
+target 'iOSCocoaPodsTester' do
+  pod 'Protobuf', :path => '../../../..'
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Podfile-static b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Podfile-static
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9b3c235d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Podfile-static
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'
+platform :ios, '8.0'
+
+install! 'cocoapods', :deterministic_uuids => false
+
+target 'iOSCocoaPodsTester' do
+  pod 'Protobuf', :path => '../../../..'
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27fb553fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+// !$*UTF8*$!
+{
+	archiveVersion = 1;
+	classes = {
+	};
+	objectVersion = 46;
+	objects = {
+
+/* Begin PBXBuildFile section */
+		F4D5A08B1CEE01E200562D79 /* main.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F4D5A08A1CEE01E200562D79 /* main.m */; };
+		F4D5A08E1CEE01E200562D79 /* AppDelegate.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F4D5A08D1CEE01E200562D79 /* AppDelegate.m */; };
+		F4D5A0911CEE01E200562D79 /* ViewController.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F4D5A0901CEE01E200562D79 /* ViewController.m */; };
+		F4D5A0941CEE01E200562D79 /* Main.storyboard in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F4D5A0921CEE01E200562D79 /* Main.storyboard */; };
+		F4D5A0961CEE01E200562D79 /* Assets.xcassets in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F4D5A0951CEE01E200562D79 /* Assets.xcassets */; };
+		F4D5A0991CEE01E200562D79 /* LaunchScreen.storyboard in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = F4D5A0971CEE01E200562D79 /* LaunchScreen.storyboard */; };
+/* End PBXBuildFile section */
+
+/* Begin PBXFileReference section */
+		F4D5A0861CEE01E200562D79 /* iOSCocoaPodsTester.app */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; explicitFileType = wrapper.application; includeInIndex = 0; path = iOSCocoaPodsTester.app; sourceTree = BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR; };
+		F4D5A08A1CEE01E200562D79 /* main.m */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.c.objc; path = main.m; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		F4D5A08C1CEE01E200562D79 /* AppDelegate.h */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.c.h; path = AppDelegate.h; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		F4D5A08D1CEE01E200562D79 /* AppDelegate.m */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.c.objc; path = AppDelegate.m; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		F4D5A08F1CEE01E200562D79 /* ViewController.h */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.c.h; path = ViewController.h; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		F4D5A0901CEE01E200562D79 /* ViewController.m */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.c.objc; path = ViewController.m; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		F4D5A0931CEE01E200562D79 /* Base */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = file.storyboard; name = Base; path = Base.lproj/Main.storyboard; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		F4D5A0951CEE01E200562D79 /* Assets.xcassets */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = folder.assetcatalog; path = Assets.xcassets; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		F4D5A0981CEE01E200562D79 /* Base */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = file.storyboard; name = Base; path = Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		F4D5A09A1CEE01E200562D79 /* Info.plist */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = text.plist.xml; path = Info.plist; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+/* End PBXFileReference section */
+
+/* Begin PBXFrameworksBuildPhase section */
+		F4D5A0831CEE01E200562D79 /* Frameworks */ = {
+			isa = PBXFrameworksBuildPhase;
+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
+			files = (
+			);
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
+		};
+/* End PBXFrameworksBuildPhase section */
+
+/* Begin PBXGroup section */
+		F4D5A07D1CEE01E200562D79 = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				F4D5A0881CEE01E200562D79 /* iOSCocoaPodsTester */,
+				F4D5A0871CEE01E200562D79 /* Products */,
+			);
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+		F4D5A0871CEE01E200562D79 /* Products */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				F4D5A0861CEE01E200562D79 /* iOSCocoaPodsTester.app */,
+			);
+			name = Products;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+		F4D5A0881CEE01E200562D79 /* iOSCocoaPodsTester */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				F4D5A08C1CEE01E200562D79 /* AppDelegate.h */,
+				F4D5A08D1CEE01E200562D79 /* AppDelegate.m */,
+				F4D5A08F1CEE01E200562D79 /* ViewController.h */,
+				F4D5A0901CEE01E200562D79 /* ViewController.m */,
+				F4D5A0921CEE01E200562D79 /* Main.storyboard */,
+				F4D5A0951CEE01E200562D79 /* Assets.xcassets */,
+				F4D5A0971CEE01E200562D79 /* LaunchScreen.storyboard */,
+				F4D5A09A1CEE01E200562D79 /* Info.plist */,
+				F4D5A0891CEE01E200562D79 /* Supporting Files */,
+			);
+			path = iOSCocoaPodsTester;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+		F4D5A0891CEE01E200562D79 /* Supporting Files */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				F4D5A08A1CEE01E200562D79 /* main.m */,
+			);
+			name = "Supporting Files";
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+/* End PBXGroup section */
+
+/* Begin PBXNativeTarget section */
+		F4D5A0851CEE01E200562D79 /* iOSCocoaPodsTester */ = {
+			isa = PBXNativeTarget;
+			buildConfigurationList = F4D5A09D1CEE01E200562D79 /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "iOSCocoaPodsTester" */;
+			buildPhases = (
+				F4D5A0821CEE01E200562D79 /* Sources */,
+				F4D5A0831CEE01E200562D79 /* Frameworks */,
+				F4D5A0841CEE01E200562D79 /* Resources */,
+			);
+			buildRules = (
+			);
+			dependencies = (
+			);
+			name = iOSCocoaPodsTester;
+			productName = iOSCocoaPodsTester;
+			productReference = F4D5A0861CEE01E200562D79 /* iOSCocoaPodsTester.app */;
+			productType = "com.apple.product-type.application";
+		};
+/* End PBXNativeTarget section */
+
+/* Begin PBXProject section */
+		F4D5A07E1CEE01E200562D79 /* Project object */ = {
+			isa = PBXProject;
+			attributes = {
+				LastUpgradeCheck = 0730;
+				ORGANIZATIONNAME = Google;
+				TargetAttributes = {
+					F4D5A0851CEE01E200562D79 = {
+						CreatedOnToolsVersion = 7.3.1;
+					};
+				};
+			};
+			buildConfigurationList = F4D5A0811CEE01E200562D79 /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "iOSCocoaPodsTester" */;
+			compatibilityVersion = "Xcode 3.2";
+			developmentRegion = English;
+			hasScannedForEncodings = 0;
+			knownRegions = (
+				en,
+				Base,
+			);
+			mainGroup = F4D5A07D1CEE01E200562D79;
+			productRefGroup = F4D5A0871CEE01E200562D79 /* Products */;
+			projectDirPath = "";
+			projectRoot = "";
+			targets = (
+				F4D5A0851CEE01E200562D79 /* iOSCocoaPodsTester */,
+			);
+		};
+/* End PBXProject section */
+
+/* Begin PBXResourcesBuildPhase section */
+		F4D5A0841CEE01E200562D79 /* Resources */ = {
+			isa = PBXResourcesBuildPhase;
+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
+			files = (
+				F4D5A0991CEE01E200562D79 /* LaunchScreen.storyboard in Resources */,
+				F4D5A0961CEE01E200562D79 /* Assets.xcassets in Resources */,
+				F4D5A0941CEE01E200562D79 /* Main.storyboard in Resources */,
+			);
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
+		};
+/* End PBXResourcesBuildPhase section */
+
+/* Begin PBXSourcesBuildPhase section */
+		F4D5A0821CEE01E200562D79 /* Sources */ = {
+			isa = PBXSourcesBuildPhase;
+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
+			files = (
+				F4D5A0911CEE01E200562D79 /* ViewController.m in Sources */,
+				F4D5A08E1CEE01E200562D79 /* AppDelegate.m in Sources */,
+				F4D5A08B1CEE01E200562D79 /* main.m in Sources */,
+			);
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
+		};
+/* End PBXSourcesBuildPhase section */
+
+/* Begin PBXVariantGroup section */
+		F4D5A0921CEE01E200562D79 /* Main.storyboard */ = {
+			isa = PBXVariantGroup;
+			children = (
+				F4D5A0931CEE01E200562D79 /* Base */,
+			);
+			name = Main.storyboard;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+		F4D5A0971CEE01E200562D79 /* LaunchScreen.storyboard */ = {
+			isa = PBXVariantGroup;
+			children = (
+				F4D5A0981CEE01E200562D79 /* Base */,
+			);
+			name = LaunchScreen.storyboard;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+/* End PBXVariantGroup section */
+
+/* Begin XCBuildConfiguration section */
+		F4D5A09B1CEE01E200562D79 /* Debug */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				ALWAYS_SEARCH_USER_PATHS = NO;
+				CLANG_ANALYZER_NONNULL = YES;
+				CLANG_CXX_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = "gnu++0x";
+				CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY = "libc++";
+				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
+				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
+				"CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY[sdk=iphoneos*]" = "iPhone Developer";
+				COPY_PHASE_STRIP = NO;
+				DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT = dwarf;
+				ENABLE_STRICT_OBJC_MSGSEND = YES;
+				ENABLE_TESTABILITY = YES;
+				GCC_C_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = gnu99;
+				GCC_DYNAMIC_NO_PIC = NO;
+				GCC_NO_COMMON_BLOCKS = YES;
+				GCC_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = 0;
+				GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS = (
+					"DEBUG=1",
+					"$(inherited)",
+				);
+				GCC_WARN_64_TO_32_BIT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_ABOUT_RETURN_TYPE = YES_ERROR;
+				GCC_WARN_UNDECLARED_SELECTOR = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_UNINITIALIZED_AUTOS = YES_AGGRESSIVE;
+				GCC_WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE = YES;
+				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 9.3;
+				MTL_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO = YES;
+				ONLY_ACTIVE_ARCH = YES;
+				SDKROOT = iphoneos;
+				TARGETED_DEVICE_FAMILY = "1,2";
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
+		F4D5A09C1CEE01E200562D79 /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				ALWAYS_SEARCH_USER_PATHS = NO;
+				CLANG_ANALYZER_NONNULL = YES;
+				CLANG_CXX_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = "gnu++0x";
+				CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY = "libc++";
+				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
+				CLANG_ENABLE_OBJC_ARC = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_BOOL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_CONSTANT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_DIRECT_OBJC_ISA_USAGE = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
+				"CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY[sdk=iphoneos*]" = "iPhone Developer";
+				COPY_PHASE_STRIP = NO;
+				DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT = "dwarf-with-dsym";
+				ENABLE_NS_ASSERTIONS = NO;
+				ENABLE_STRICT_OBJC_MSGSEND = YES;
+				GCC_C_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = gnu99;
+				GCC_NO_COMMON_BLOCKS = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_64_TO_32_BIT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_ABOUT_RETURN_TYPE = YES_ERROR;
+				GCC_WARN_UNDECLARED_SELECTOR = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_UNINITIALIZED_AUTOS = YES_AGGRESSIVE;
+				GCC_WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE = YES;
+				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 9.3;
+				MTL_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO = NO;
+				SDKROOT = iphoneos;
+				TARGETED_DEVICE_FAMILY = "1,2";
+				VALIDATE_PRODUCT = YES;
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
+		F4D5A09E1CEE01E200562D79 /* Debug */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
+				INFOPLIST_FILE = iOSCocoaPodsTester/Info.plist;
+				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/Frameworks";
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = com.google.iOSCocoaPodsTester;
+				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
+		F4D5A09F1CEE01E200562D79 /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
+				INFOPLIST_FILE = iOSCocoaPodsTester/Info.plist;
+				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = "$(inherited) @executable_path/Frameworks";
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = com.google.iOSCocoaPodsTester;
+				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
+/* End XCBuildConfiguration section */
+
+/* Begin XCConfigurationList section */
+		F4D5A0811CEE01E200562D79 /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "iOSCocoaPodsTester" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				F4D5A09B1CEE01E200562D79 /* Debug */,
+				F4D5A09C1CEE01E200562D79 /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+		F4D5A09D1CEE01E200562D79 /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "iOSCocoaPodsTester" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				F4D5A09E1CEE01E200562D79 /* Debug */,
+				F4D5A09F1CEE01E200562D79 /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+		};
+/* End XCConfigurationList section */
+	};
+	rootObject = F4D5A07E1CEE01E200562D79 /* Project object */;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..008f7b4a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Workspace
+   version = "1.0">
+   <FileRef
+      location = "self:iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj">
+   </FileRef>
+</Workspace>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcscheme b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcscheme
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9558dd7a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcscheme
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Scheme
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "0730"
+   version = "1.3">
+   <BuildAction
+      parallelizeBuildables = "YES"
+      buildImplicitDependencies = "YES">
+      <BuildActionEntries>
+         <BuildActionEntry
+            buildForTesting = "YES"
+            buildForRunning = "YES"
+            buildForProfiling = "YES"
+            buildForArchiving = "YES"
+            buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "F4D5A0851CEE01E200562D79"
+               BuildableName = "iOSCocoaPodsTester.app"
+               BlueprintName = "iOSCocoaPodsTester"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+         </BuildActionEntry>
+      </BuildActionEntries>
+   </BuildAction>
+   <TestAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES">
+      <Testables>
+      </Testables>
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "F4D5A0851CEE01E200562D79"
+            BuildableName = "iOSCocoaPodsTester.app"
+            BlueprintName = "iOSCocoaPodsTester"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </TestAction>
+   <LaunchAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      launchStyle = "0"
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES"
+      debugServiceExtension = "internal"
+      allowLocationSimulation = "YES">
+      <BuildableProductRunnable
+         runnableDebuggingMode = "0">
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "F4D5A0851CEE01E200562D79"
+            BuildableName = "iOSCocoaPodsTester.app"
+            BlueprintName = "iOSCocoaPodsTester"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </BuildableProductRunnable>
+      <AdditionalOptions>
+      </AdditionalOptions>
+   </LaunchAction>
+   <ProfileAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES"
+      savedToolIdentifier = ""
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES">
+      <BuildableProductRunnable
+         runnableDebuggingMode = "0">
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "F4D5A0851CEE01E200562D79"
+            BuildableName = "iOSCocoaPodsTester.app"
+            BlueprintName = "iOSCocoaPodsTester"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:iOSCocoaPodsTester.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </BuildableProductRunnable>
+   </ProfileAction>
+   <AnalyzeAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug">
+   </AnalyzeAction>
+   <ArchiveAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      revealArchiveInOrganizer = "YES">
+   </ArchiveAction>
+</Scheme>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/AppDelegate.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/AppDelegate.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5eca690ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/AppDelegate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
+
+@interface AppDelegate : UIResponder <UIApplicationDelegate>
+
+@property (strong, nonatomic) UIWindow *window;
+
+
+@end
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/AppDelegate.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/AppDelegate.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd7b969af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/AppDelegate.m
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "AppDelegate.h"
+
+@interface AppDelegate ()
+
+@end
+
+@implementation AppDelegate
+
+
+- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
+  // Override point for customization after application launch.
+  return YES;
+}
+
+- (void)applicationWillResignActive:(UIApplication *)application {
+  // Sent when the application is about to move from active to inactive state. This can occur for certain types of temporary interruptions (such as an incoming phone call or SMS message) or when the user quits the application and it begins the transition to the background state.
+  // Use this method to pause ongoing tasks, disable timers, and throttle down OpenGL ES frame rates. Games should use this method to pause the game.
+}
+
+- (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application {
+  // Use this method to release shared resources, save user data, invalidate timers, and store enough application state information to restore your application to its current state in case it is terminated later.
+  // If your application supports background execution, this method is called instead of applicationWillTerminate: when the user quits.
+}
+
+- (void)applicationWillEnterForeground:(UIApplication *)application {
+  // Called as part of the transition from the background to the inactive state; here you can undo many of the changes made on entering the background.
+}
+
+- (void)applicationDidBecomeActive:(UIApplication *)application {
+  // Restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) while the application was inactive. If the application was previously in the background, optionally refresh the user interface.
+}
+
+- (void)applicationWillTerminate:(UIApplication *)application {
+  // Called when the application is about to terminate. Save data if appropriate. See also applicationDidEnterBackground:.
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36d2c80d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "29x29",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "29x29",
+      "scale" : "3x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "40x40",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "40x40",
+      "scale" : "3x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "60x60",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "60x60",
+      "scale" : "3x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "29x29",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "29x29",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "40x40",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "40x40",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "76x76",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "76x76",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e721e183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<document type="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder3.CocoaTouch.Storyboard.XIB" version="3.0" toolsVersion="8150" systemVersion="15A204g" targetRuntime="iOS.CocoaTouch" propertyAccessControl="none" useAutolayout="YES" launchScreen="YES" useTraitCollections="YES" initialViewController="01J-lp-oVM">
+    <dependencies>
+        <plugIn identifier="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder.IBCocoaTouchPlugin" version="8122"/>
+    </dependencies>
+    <scenes>
+        <!--View Controller-->
+        <scene sceneID="EHf-IW-A2E">
+            <objects>
+                <viewController id="01J-lp-oVM" sceneMemberID="viewController">
+                    <layoutGuides>
+                        <viewControllerLayoutGuide type="top" id="Llm-lL-Icb"/>
+                        <viewControllerLayoutGuide type="bottom" id="xb3-aO-Qok"/>
+                    </layoutGuides>
+                    <view key="view" contentMode="scaleToFill" id="Ze5-6b-2t3">
+                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="600" height="600"/>
+                        <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" widthSizable="YES" heightSizable="YES"/>
+                        <animations/>
+                        <color key="backgroundColor" white="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="custom" customColorSpace="calibratedWhite"/>
+                    </view>
+                </viewController>
+                <placeholder placeholderIdentifier="IBFirstResponder" id="iYj-Kq-Ea1" userLabel="First Responder" sceneMemberID="firstResponder"/>
+            </objects>
+            <point key="canvasLocation" x="53" y="375"/>
+        </scene>
+    </scenes>
+</document>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82cd159ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<document type="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder3.CocoaTouch.Storyboard.XIB" version="3.0" toolsVersion="10117" systemVersion="15E65" targetRuntime="iOS.CocoaTouch" propertyAccessControl="none" useAutolayout="YES" useTraitCollections="YES" initialViewController="BYZ-38-t0r">
+    <dependencies>
+        <deployment identifier="iOS"/>
+        <plugIn identifier="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder.IBCocoaTouchPlugin" version="10085"/>
+    </dependencies>
+    <scenes>
+        <!--View Controller-->
+        <scene sceneID="tne-QT-ifu">
+            <objects>
+                <viewController id="BYZ-38-t0r" customClass="ViewController" sceneMemberID="viewController">
+                    <layoutGuides>
+                        <viewControllerLayoutGuide type="top" id="y3c-jy-aDJ"/>
+                        <viewControllerLayoutGuide type="bottom" id="wfy-db-euE"/>
+                    </layoutGuides>
+                    <view key="view" contentMode="scaleToFill" id="8bC-Xf-vdC">
+                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="600" height="600"/>
+                        <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" widthSizable="YES" heightSizable="YES"/>
+                        <color key="backgroundColor" white="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="custom" customColorSpace="calibratedWhite"/>
+                    </view>
+                </viewController>
+                <placeholder placeholderIdentifier="IBFirstResponder" id="dkx-z0-nzr" sceneMemberID="firstResponder"/>
+            </objects>
+        </scene>
+    </scenes>
+</document>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Info.plist b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Info.plist
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40c6215d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/Info.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+	<string>en</string>
+	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+	<string>$(EXECUTABLE_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+	<string>6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleName</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+	<string>APPL</string>
+	<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+	<string>1.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+	<string>????</string>
+	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+	<string>1</string>
+	<key>LSRequiresIPhoneOS</key>
+	<true/>
+	<key>UILaunchStoryboardName</key>
+	<string>LaunchScreen</string>
+	<key>UIMainStoryboardFile</key>
+	<string>Main</string>
+	<key>UIRequiredDeviceCapabilities</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>armv7</string>
+	</array>
+	<key>UISupportedInterfaceOrientations</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight</string>
+	</array>
+	<key>UISupportedInterfaceOrientations~ipad</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight</string>
+	</array>
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/ViewController.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/ViewController.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..777257b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/ViewController.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
+
+@interface ViewController : UIViewController
+
+
+@end
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/ViewController.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/ViewController.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3b7e6c0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/ViewController.m
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "ViewController.h"
+
+@interface ViewController ()
+
+@end
+
+@implementation ViewController
+
+- (void)viewDidLoad {
+  [super viewDidLoad];
+  // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
+}
+
+- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
+  [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
+  // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/main.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/main.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4df0b769c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/iOSCocoaPodsTester/iOSCocoaPodsTester/main.m
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
+#import "AppDelegate.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
+  @autoreleasepool {
+      return UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, NSStringFromClass([AppDelegate class]));
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/run_tests.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/run_tests.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6d3e12be3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/run_tests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Helper to run the pods tests.
+
+set -eu
+
+readonly ScriptDir=$(dirname "$(echo $0 | sed -e "s,^\([^/]\),$(pwd)/\1,")")
+
+printUsage() {
+  NAME=$(basename "${0}")
+  cat << EOF
+usage: ${NAME} [OPTIONS]
+
+This script runs some test to check the CocoaPods integration.
+
+OPTIONS:
+
+ General:
+
+   -h, --help
+         Show this message
+   --skip-static
+         Skip the static based pods tests.
+   --skip-framework
+         Skip the framework based pods tests.
+   --skip-ios
+         Skip the iOS pods tests.
+   --skip-osx
+         Skip the OS X pods tests.
+
+EOF
+}
+
+TEST_MODES=( "static" "framework" )
+TEST_NAMES=( "iOSCocoaPodsTester" "OSXCocoaPodsTester" )
+while [[ $# != 0 ]]; do
+  case "${1}" in
+    -h | --help )
+      printUsage
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    --skip-static )
+      TEST_MODES=(${TEST_MODES[@]/static})
+      ;;
+    --skip-framework )
+      TEST_MODES=(${TEST_MODES[@]/framework})
+      ;;
+    --skip-ios )
+      TEST_NAMES=(${TEST_NAMES[@]/iOSCocoaPodsTester})
+      ;;
+    --skip-osx )
+      TEST_NAMES=(${TEST_NAMES[@]/OSXCocoaPodsTester})
+      ;;
+    -*)
+      echo "ERROR: Unknown option: ${1}" 1>&2
+      printUsage
+      exit 1
+      ;;
+    *)
+      echo "ERROR: Unknown argument: ${1}" 1>&2
+      printUsage
+      exit 1
+      ;;
+  esac
+  shift
+done
+
+# Sanity check.
+if [[ "${#TEST_NAMES[@]}" == 0 ]] ; then
+  echo "ERROR: Need to run at least iOS or OS X tests." 1>&2
+  exit 2
+fi
+if [[ "${#TEST_MODES[@]}" == 0 ]] ; then
+  echo "ERROR: Need to run at least static or frameworks tests." 1>&2
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+header() {
+  echo ""
+  echo "========================================================================"
+  echo "    ${@}"
+  echo "========================================================================"
+  echo ""
+}
+
+# Cleanup hook for do_test, assumes directory is correct.
+cleanup() {
+  local TEST_NAME="$1"
+
+  echo "Cleaning up..."
+
+  # Generally don't let things fail, and eat common stdout, but let stderr show
+  # incase something does hiccup.
+  xcodebuild -workspace "${TEST_NAME}.xcworkspace" -scheme "${TEST_NAME}" clean > /dev/null || true
+  pod deintegrate > /dev/null || true
+  # Flush the cache so nothing is left behind.
+  pod cache clean --all || true
+  # Delete the files left after pod deintegrate.
+  rm -f Podfile.lock || true
+  rm -rf "${TEST_NAME}.xcworkspace" || true
+  git checkout -- "${TEST_NAME}.xcodeproj" || true
+  # Remove the Podfile that was put in place.
+  rm -f Podfile || true
+}
+
+do_test() {
+  local TEST_NAME="$1"
+  local TEST_MODE="$2"
+
+  header "${TEST_NAME}" - Mode: "${TEST_MODE}"
+  cd "${ScriptDir}/${TEST_NAME}"
+
+  # Hook in cleanup for any failures.
+  trap "cleanup ${TEST_NAME}" EXIT
+
+  # Ensure nothing is cached by pods to start with that could throw things off.
+  pod cache clean --all
+
+  # Put the right Podfile in place.
+  cp -f "Podfile-${TEST_MODE}" "Podfile"
+
+  xcodebuild_args=( "-workspace" "${TEST_NAME}.xcworkspace" "-scheme" "${TEST_NAME}" )
+
+  # For iOS, if the SDK is not provided it tries to use iphoneos, and the test
+  # fail on Travis since those machines don't have a Code Signing identity.
+  if  [[ "${TEST_NAME}" == iOS* ]] ; then
+    # Apparently the destination flag is required to avoid "Unsupported architecture"
+    # errors.
+    xcodebuild_args+=(
+        -sdk iphonesimulator ONLY_ACTIVE_ARCH=NO
+        -destination "platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPad 2,OS=9.3"
+    )
+  fi
+
+  # Do the work!
+  pod install --verbose
+
+  xcodebuild "${xcodebuild_args[@]}" build
+
+  # Clear the hook and manually run cleanup.
+  trap - EXIT
+  cleanup "${TEST_NAME}"
+}
+
+# Run the tests.
+for TEST_NAME in "${TEST_NAMES[@]}" ; do
+  for TEST_MODE in "${TEST_MODES[@]}" ; do
+    do_test "${TEST_NAME}" "${TEST_MODE}"
+  done
+done
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBARCUnittestProtos.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBARCUnittestProtos.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..29f6ccf69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBARCUnittestProtos.m
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#if !defined(__has_feature) || !__has_feature(objc_arc)
+#error "This file requires ARC support."
+#endif
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Makes sure all the generated headers compile with ARC on.
+
+// The unittest_custom_options.proto extends the messages in descriptor.proto
+// so we build it in to test extending in general. The library doesn't provide
+// a descriptor as it doesn't use the classes/enums.
+#import "google/protobuf/Descriptor.pbobjc.h"
+
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestCustomOptions.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestCycle.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestDeprecated.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestDeprecatedFile.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestDropUnknownFields.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestEmbedOptimizeFor.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestEmpty.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestEnormousDescriptor.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestImport.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestImportLite.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestImportPublic.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestImportPublicLite.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestLite.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestMset.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestNoGenericServices.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestObjc.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestObjcStartup.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestOptimizeFor.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestPreserveUnknownEnum.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto2.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto3.pbobjc.h"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBArrayTests.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBArrayTests.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e414d90a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBArrayTests.m
@@ -0,0 +1,3715 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#import <XCTest/XCTest.h>
+
+#import "GPBArray.h"
+#import "GPBArray_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+// To let the testing macros work, add some extra methods to simplify things.
+@interface GPBEnumArray (TestingTweak)
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(int32_t)value;
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count;
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const int32_t [])values
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count;
+@end
+
+static BOOL TestingEnum_IsValidValue(int32_t value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 71:
+    case 72:
+    case 73:
+    case 74:
+      return YES;
+    default:
+      return NO;
+  }
+}
+
+static BOOL TestingEnum_IsValidValue2(int32_t value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 71:
+    case 72:
+    case 73:
+      return YES;
+    default:
+      return NO;
+  }
+}
+
+@implementation GPBEnumArray (TestingTweak)
++ (instancetype)arrayWithValue:(int32_t)value {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                         rawValues:&value
+                                             count:1] autorelease];
+}
++ (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                          capacity:count] autorelease];
+}
+- (instancetype)initWithValues:(const int32_t [])values
+                         count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                rawValues:values
+                                    count:count];
+}
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - PDDM Macros
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_TESTS(NAME, TYPE, VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4)
+//%ARRAY_TESTS2(NAME, TYPE, VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4, )
+//%PDDM-DEFINE ARRAY_TESTS2(NAME, TYPE, VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4, HELPER)
+//%#pragma mark - NAME
+//%
+//%@interface GPB##NAME##ArrayTests : XCTestCase
+//%@end
+//%
+//%@implementation GPB##NAME##ArrayTests
+//%
+//%- (void)testEmpty {
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array = [[GPB##NAME##Array alloc] init];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+//%  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:0], NSException, NSRangeException);
+//%  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+//%    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+//%  }];
+//%  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+//%                         usingBlock:^(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+//%    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+//%  }];
+//%  [array release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testOne {
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array = [GPB##NAME##Array arrayWithValue:VAL1];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], VAL1);
+//%  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:1], NSException, NSRangeException);
+//%  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+//%    XCTAssertEqual(value, VAL1);
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+//%  }];
+//%  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+//%                         usingBlock:^(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+//%    XCTAssertEqual(value, VAL1);
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+//%  }];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testBasics {
+//%  static const TYPE kValues[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array =
+//%      [[GPB##NAME##Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+//%            NAME$S                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], VAL1);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], VAL2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], VAL3);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], VAL4);
+//%  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:4], NSException, NSRangeException);
+//%  __block NSUInteger idx2 = 0;
+//%  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+//%    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+//%    ++idx2;
+//%  }];
+//%  idx2 = 0;
+//%  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+//%                         usingBlock:^(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+//%    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+//%    ++idx2;
+//%  }];
+//%  // Stopping the enumeration.
+//%  idx2 = 0;
+//%  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+//%    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+//%    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 3U);
+//%    ++idx2;
+//%  }];
+//%  idx2 = 0;
+//%  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+//%                         usingBlock:^(TYPE value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+//%    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+//%    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 1U);
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 0U);
+//%    ++idx2;
+//%  }];
+//%  // Ensure description doesn't choke.
+//%  XCTAssertTrue(array.description.length > 10);
+//%  [array release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testEquality {
+//%  const TYPE kValues1[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3 };
+//%  const TYPE kValues2[] = { VAL1, VAL4, VAL3 };
+//%  const TYPE kValues3[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array1 =
+//%      [[GPB##NAME##Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+//%            NAME$S                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array1);
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array1prime =
+//%      [[GPB##NAME##Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+//%            NAME$S                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array1prime);
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array2 =
+//%      [[GPB##NAME##Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+//%            NAME$S                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array3 =
+//%      [[GPB##NAME##Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues3
+//%            NAME$S                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array3);
+//%
+//%  // Identity
+//%  XCTAssertTrue([array1 isEqual:array1]);
+//%  // Wrong type doesn't blow up.
+//%  XCTAssertFalse([array1 isEqual:@"bogus"]);
+//%  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqual(array1, array1prime);
+//%  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array1, array1prime);
+//%  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array1 hash], [array1prime hash]);
+//%
+//%  // 1/2/3 shouldn't be equal.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array2);
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array3);
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array2, array3);
+//%
+//%  [array1 release];
+//%  [array1prime release];
+//%  [array2 release];
+//%  [array3 release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testCopy {
+//%  const TYPE kValues[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array =
+//%      [[GPB##NAME##Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+//%            NAME$S                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+//%
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array2 = [array copy];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+//%
+//%  // Should be new object but equal.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+//%  [array2 release];
+//%  [array release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testArrayFromArray {
+//%  const TYPE kValues[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array =
+//%      [[GPB##NAME##Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+//%            NAME$S                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+//%
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array2 = [GPB##NAME##Array arrayWithValueArray:array];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+//%
+//%  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+//%  [array release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testAdds {
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array = [GPB##NAME##Array array];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+//%
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+//%  [array addValue:VAL1];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+//%
+//%  const TYPE kValues1[] = { VAL2, VAL3 };
+//%  [array addValues:kValues1 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+//%
+//%  const TYPE kValues2[] = { VAL4, VAL1 };
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array2 =
+//%      [[GPB##NAME##Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+//%            NAME$S                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+//%  [array add##HELPER##ValuesFromArray:array2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+//%
+//%  // Zero/nil inputs do nothing.
+//%  [array addValues:kValues1 count:0];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+//%  [array addValues:NULL count:5];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+//%
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], VAL1);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], VAL2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], VAL3);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], VAL4);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], VAL1);
+//%  [array2 release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testInsert {
+//%  const TYPE kValues[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3 };
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array =
+//%      [[GPB##NAME##Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+//%            NAME$S                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+//%
+//%  // First
+//%  [array insertValue:VAL4 atIndex:0];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+//%
+//%  // Middle
+//%  [array insertValue:VAL4 atIndex:2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+//%
+//%  // End
+//%  [array insertValue:VAL4 atIndex:5];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+//%
+//%  // Too far.
+//%  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array insertValue:VAL4 atIndex:7],
+//%                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+//%
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], VAL4);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], VAL1);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], VAL4);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], VAL2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], VAL3);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:5], VAL4);
+//%  [array release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testRemove {
+//%  const TYPE kValues[] = { VAL4, VAL1, VAL2, VAL4, VAL3, VAL4 };
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array =
+//%      [[GPB##NAME##Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+//%            NAME$S                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+//%
+//%  // First
+//%  [array removeValueAtIndex:0];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], VAL1);
+//%
+//%  // Middle
+//%  [array removeValueAtIndex:2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], VAL3);
+//%
+//%  // End
+//%  [array removeValueAtIndex:3];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+//%
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], VAL1);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], VAL2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], VAL3);
+//%
+//%  // Too far.
+//%  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:3],
+//%                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+//%
+//%  [array removeAll];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+//%  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:0],
+//%                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+//%  [array release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+//%  const TYPE kValues[] = { VAL1, VAL1, VAL3, VAL3 };
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array =
+//%      [[GPB##NAME##Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+//%            NAME$S                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+//%
+//%  [array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:VAL2];
+//%  [array replaceValueAtIndex:3 withValue:VAL4];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], VAL1);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], VAL2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], VAL3);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], VAL4);
+//%
+//%  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array replaceValueAtIndex:4 withValue:VAL4],
+//%                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+//%
+//%  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:3];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], VAL1);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], VAL4);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], VAL3);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], VAL2);
+//%
+//%  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:2 withValueAtIndex:0];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], VAL3);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], VAL4);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], VAL1);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], VAL2);
+//%
+//%  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:4 withValueAtIndex:1],
+//%                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+//%  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:4],
+//%                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+//%  [array release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testInternalResizing {
+//%  const TYPE kValues[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };
+//%  GPB##NAME##Array *array =
+//%      [GPB##NAME##Array arrayWithCapacity:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+//%  [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%
+//%  // Add/remove to trigger the intneral buffer to grow/shrink.
+//%  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+//%    [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  }
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+//%  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+//%    [array removeValueAtIndex:(i * 2)];
+//%  }
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 304U);
+//%  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+//%    [array insertValue:VAL4 atIndex:(i * 3)];
+//%  }
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+//%  [array removeAll];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+//%}
+//%
+//%@end
+//%
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_TESTS(Int32, int32_t, 1, 2, 3, 4)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Int32
+
+@interface GPBInt32ArrayTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt32ArrayTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt32Array *array = [[GPBInt32Array alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:0], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt32Array *array = [GPBInt32Array arrayWithValue:1];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 1);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:1], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, 1);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, 1);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  static const int32_t kValues[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+  GPBInt32Array *array =
+      [[GPBInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 3);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 4);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:4], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  __block NSUInteger idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 3U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 1U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 0U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Ensure description doesn't choke.
+  XCTAssertTrue(array.description.length > 10);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 1, 4, 3 };
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+  GPBInt32Array *array1 =
+      [[GPBInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1);
+  GPBInt32Array *array1prime =
+      [[GPBInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1prime);
+  GPBInt32Array *array2 =
+      [[GPBInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  GPBInt32Array *array3 =
+      [[GPBInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues3
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array3);
+
+  // Identity
+  XCTAssertTrue([array1 isEqual:array1]);
+  // Wrong type doesn't blow up.
+  XCTAssertFalse([array1 isEqual:@"bogus"]);
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array1, array1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array1, array1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([array1 hash], [array1prime hash]);
+
+  // 1/2/3 shouldn't be equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array2);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array3);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array2, array3);
+
+  [array1 release];
+  [array1prime release];
+  [array2 release];
+  [array3 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+  GPBInt32Array *array =
+      [[GPBInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBInt32Array *array2 = [array copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array2 release];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testArrayFromArray {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+  GPBInt32Array *array =
+      [[GPBInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBInt32Array *array2 = [GPBInt32Array arrayWithValueArray:array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt32Array *array = [GPBInt32Array array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  [array addValue:1];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 2, 3 };
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 4, 1 };
+  GPBInt32Array *array2 =
+      [[GPBInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  [array addValuesFromArray:array2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // Zero/nil inputs do nothing.
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  [array addValues:NULL count:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 3);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 4);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], 1);
+  [array2 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInsert {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
+  GPBInt32Array *array =
+      [[GPBInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  // First
+  [array insertValue:4 atIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array insertValue:4 atIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // End
+  [array insertValue:4 atIndex:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array insertValue:4 atIndex:7],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 4);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 4);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], 3);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:5], 4);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 4, 1, 2, 4, 3, 4 };
+  GPBInt32Array *array =
+      [[GPBInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // First
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 1);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 3);
+
+  // End
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 3);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:3],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:0],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 1, 1, 3, 3 };
+  GPBInt32Array *array =
+      [[GPBInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:2];
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:3 withValue:4];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 3);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 4);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array replaceValueAtIndex:4 withValue:4],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 4);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 3);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 2);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:2 withValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 3);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 4);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 2);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:4 withValueAtIndex:1],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:4],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInternalResizing {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
+  GPBInt32Array *array =
+      [GPBInt32Array arrayWithCapacity:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+
+  // Add/remove to trigger the intneral buffer to grow/shrink.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array removeValueAtIndex:(i * 2)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 304U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array insertValue:4 atIndex:(i * 3)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_TESTS(UInt32, uint32_t, 11U, 12U, 13U, 14U)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32
+
+@interface GPBUInt32ArrayTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32ArrayTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt32Array *array = [[GPBUInt32Array alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:0], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt32Array *array = [GPBUInt32Array arrayWithValue:11U];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 11U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:1], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, 11U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, 11U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  static const uint32_t kValues[] = { 11U, 12U, 13U, 14U };
+  GPBUInt32Array *array =
+      [[GPBUInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 11U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 12U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 13U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 14U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:4], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  __block NSUInteger idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 3U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(uint32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 1U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 0U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Ensure description doesn't choke.
+  XCTAssertTrue(array.description.length > 10);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint32_t kValues1[] = { 11U, 12U, 13U };
+  const uint32_t kValues2[] = { 11U, 14U, 13U };
+  const uint32_t kValues3[] = { 11U, 12U, 13U, 14U };
+  GPBUInt32Array *array1 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1);
+  GPBUInt32Array *array1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1prime);
+  GPBUInt32Array *array2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  GPBUInt32Array *array3 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues3
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array3);
+
+  // Identity
+  XCTAssertTrue([array1 isEqual:array1]);
+  // Wrong type doesn't blow up.
+  XCTAssertFalse([array1 isEqual:@"bogus"]);
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array1, array1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array1, array1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([array1 hash], [array1prime hash]);
+
+  // 1/2/3 shouldn't be equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array2);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array3);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array2, array3);
+
+  [array1 release];
+  [array1prime release];
+  [array2 release];
+  [array3 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 11U, 12U, 13U, 14U };
+  GPBUInt32Array *array =
+      [[GPBUInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBUInt32Array *array2 = [array copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array2 release];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testArrayFromArray {
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 11U, 12U, 13U, 14U };
+  GPBUInt32Array *array =
+      [[GPBUInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBUInt32Array *array2 = [GPBUInt32Array arrayWithValueArray:array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt32Array *array = [GPBUInt32Array array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  [array addValue:11U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint32_t kValues1[] = { 12U, 13U };
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  const uint32_t kValues2[] = { 14U, 11U };
+  GPBUInt32Array *array2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  [array addValuesFromArray:array2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // Zero/nil inputs do nothing.
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  [array addValues:NULL count:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 11U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 12U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 13U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 14U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], 11U);
+  [array2 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInsert {
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 11U, 12U, 13U };
+  GPBUInt32Array *array =
+      [[GPBUInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  // First
+  [array insertValue:14U atIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array insertValue:14U atIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // End
+  [array insertValue:14U atIndex:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array insertValue:14U atIndex:7],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 14U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 11U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 14U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 12U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], 13U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:5], 14U);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 14U, 11U, 12U, 14U, 13U, 14U };
+  GPBUInt32Array *array =
+      [[GPBUInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // First
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 11U);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 13U);
+
+  // End
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 11U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 12U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 13U);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:3],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:0],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 11U, 11U, 13U, 13U };
+  GPBUInt32Array *array =
+      [[GPBUInt32Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:12U];
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:3 withValue:14U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 11U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 12U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 13U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 14U);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array replaceValueAtIndex:4 withValue:14U],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 11U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 14U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 13U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 12U);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:2 withValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 13U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 14U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 11U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 12U);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:4 withValueAtIndex:1],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:4],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInternalResizing {
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 11U, 12U, 13U, 14U };
+  GPBUInt32Array *array =
+      [GPBUInt32Array arrayWithCapacity:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+
+  // Add/remove to trigger the intneral buffer to grow/shrink.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array removeValueAtIndex:(i * 2)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 304U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array insertValue:14U atIndex:(i * 3)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_TESTS(Int64, int64_t, 31LL, 32LL, 33LL, 34LL)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Int64
+
+@interface GPBInt64ArrayTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt64ArrayTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt64Array *array = [[GPBInt64Array alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:0], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt64Array *array = [GPBInt64Array arrayWithValue:31LL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 31LL);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:1], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, 31LL);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, 31LL);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  static const int64_t kValues[] = { 31LL, 32LL, 33LL, 34LL };
+  GPBInt64Array *array =
+      [[GPBInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 31LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 32LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 33LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 34LL);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:4], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  __block NSUInteger idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 3U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(int64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 1U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 0U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Ensure description doesn't choke.
+  XCTAssertTrue(array.description.length > 10);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int64_t kValues1[] = { 31LL, 32LL, 33LL };
+  const int64_t kValues2[] = { 31LL, 34LL, 33LL };
+  const int64_t kValues3[] = { 31LL, 32LL, 33LL, 34LL };
+  GPBInt64Array *array1 =
+      [[GPBInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1);
+  GPBInt64Array *array1prime =
+      [[GPBInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1prime);
+  GPBInt64Array *array2 =
+      [[GPBInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  GPBInt64Array *array3 =
+      [[GPBInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues3
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array3);
+
+  // Identity
+  XCTAssertTrue([array1 isEqual:array1]);
+  // Wrong type doesn't blow up.
+  XCTAssertFalse([array1 isEqual:@"bogus"]);
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array1, array1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array1, array1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([array1 hash], [array1prime hash]);
+
+  // 1/2/3 shouldn't be equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array2);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array3);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array2, array3);
+
+  [array1 release];
+  [array1prime release];
+  [array2 release];
+  [array3 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 31LL, 32LL, 33LL, 34LL };
+  GPBInt64Array *array =
+      [[GPBInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBInt64Array *array2 = [array copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array2 release];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testArrayFromArray {
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 31LL, 32LL, 33LL, 34LL };
+  GPBInt64Array *array =
+      [[GPBInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBInt64Array *array2 = [GPBInt64Array arrayWithValueArray:array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt64Array *array = [GPBInt64Array array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  [array addValue:31LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+
+  const int64_t kValues1[] = { 32LL, 33LL };
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  const int64_t kValues2[] = { 34LL, 31LL };
+  GPBInt64Array *array2 =
+      [[GPBInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  [array addValuesFromArray:array2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // Zero/nil inputs do nothing.
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  [array addValues:NULL count:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 31LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 32LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 33LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 34LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], 31LL);
+  [array2 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInsert {
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 31LL, 32LL, 33LL };
+  GPBInt64Array *array =
+      [[GPBInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  // First
+  [array insertValue:34LL atIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array insertValue:34LL atIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // End
+  [array insertValue:34LL atIndex:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array insertValue:34LL atIndex:7],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 34LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 31LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 34LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 32LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], 33LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:5], 34LL);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 34LL, 31LL, 32LL, 34LL, 33LL, 34LL };
+  GPBInt64Array *array =
+      [[GPBInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // First
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 31LL);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 33LL);
+
+  // End
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 31LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 32LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 33LL);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:3],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:0],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 31LL, 31LL, 33LL, 33LL };
+  GPBInt64Array *array =
+      [[GPBInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:32LL];
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:3 withValue:34LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 31LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 32LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 33LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 34LL);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array replaceValueAtIndex:4 withValue:34LL],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 31LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 34LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 33LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 32LL);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:2 withValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 33LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 34LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 31LL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 32LL);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:4 withValueAtIndex:1],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:4],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInternalResizing {
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 31LL, 32LL, 33LL, 34LL };
+  GPBInt64Array *array =
+      [GPBInt64Array arrayWithCapacity:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+
+  // Add/remove to trigger the intneral buffer to grow/shrink.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array removeValueAtIndex:(i * 2)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 304U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array insertValue:34LL atIndex:(i * 3)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_TESTS(UInt64, uint64_t, 41ULL, 42ULL, 43ULL, 44ULL)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64
+
+@interface GPBUInt64ArrayTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64ArrayTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt64Array *array = [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:0], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt64Array *array = [GPBUInt64Array arrayWithValue:41ULL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 41ULL);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:1], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, 41ULL);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, 41ULL);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  static const uint64_t kValues[] = { 41ULL, 42ULL, 43ULL, 44ULL };
+  GPBUInt64Array *array =
+      [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 41ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 42ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 43ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 44ULL);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:4], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  __block NSUInteger idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 3U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(uint64_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 1U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 0U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Ensure description doesn't choke.
+  XCTAssertTrue(array.description.length > 10);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint64_t kValues1[] = { 41ULL, 42ULL, 43ULL };
+  const uint64_t kValues2[] = { 41ULL, 44ULL, 43ULL };
+  const uint64_t kValues3[] = { 41ULL, 42ULL, 43ULL, 44ULL };
+  GPBUInt64Array *array1 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1);
+  GPBUInt64Array *array1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1prime);
+  GPBUInt64Array *array2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  GPBUInt64Array *array3 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues3
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array3);
+
+  // Identity
+  XCTAssertTrue([array1 isEqual:array1]);
+  // Wrong type doesn't blow up.
+  XCTAssertFalse([array1 isEqual:@"bogus"]);
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array1, array1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array1, array1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([array1 hash], [array1prime hash]);
+
+  // 1/2/3 shouldn't be equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array2);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array3);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array2, array3);
+
+  [array1 release];
+  [array1prime release];
+  [array2 release];
+  [array3 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 41ULL, 42ULL, 43ULL, 44ULL };
+  GPBUInt64Array *array =
+      [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBUInt64Array *array2 = [array copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array2 release];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testArrayFromArray {
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 41ULL, 42ULL, 43ULL, 44ULL };
+  GPBUInt64Array *array =
+      [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBUInt64Array *array2 = [GPBUInt64Array arrayWithValueArray:array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt64Array *array = [GPBUInt64Array array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  [array addValue:41ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint64_t kValues1[] = { 42ULL, 43ULL };
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  const uint64_t kValues2[] = { 44ULL, 41ULL };
+  GPBUInt64Array *array2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  [array addValuesFromArray:array2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // Zero/nil inputs do nothing.
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  [array addValues:NULL count:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 41ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 42ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 43ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 44ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], 41ULL);
+  [array2 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInsert {
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 41ULL, 42ULL, 43ULL };
+  GPBUInt64Array *array =
+      [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  // First
+  [array insertValue:44ULL atIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array insertValue:44ULL atIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // End
+  [array insertValue:44ULL atIndex:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array insertValue:44ULL atIndex:7],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 44ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 41ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 44ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 42ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], 43ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:5], 44ULL);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 44ULL, 41ULL, 42ULL, 44ULL, 43ULL, 44ULL };
+  GPBUInt64Array *array =
+      [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // First
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 41ULL);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 43ULL);
+
+  // End
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 41ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 42ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 43ULL);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:3],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:0],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 41ULL, 41ULL, 43ULL, 43ULL };
+  GPBUInt64Array *array =
+      [[GPBUInt64Array alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:42ULL];
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:3 withValue:44ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 41ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 42ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 43ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 44ULL);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array replaceValueAtIndex:4 withValue:44ULL],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 41ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 44ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 43ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 42ULL);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:2 withValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 43ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 44ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 41ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 42ULL);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:4 withValueAtIndex:1],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:4],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInternalResizing {
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 41ULL, 42ULL, 43ULL, 44ULL };
+  GPBUInt64Array *array =
+      [GPBUInt64Array arrayWithCapacity:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+
+  // Add/remove to trigger the intneral buffer to grow/shrink.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array removeValueAtIndex:(i * 2)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 304U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array insertValue:44ULL atIndex:(i * 3)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_TESTS(Float, float, 51.f, 52.f, 53.f, 54.f)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Float
+
+@interface GPBFloatArrayTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBFloatArrayTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBFloatArray *array = [[GPBFloatArray alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:0], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBFloatArray *array = [GPBFloatArray arrayWithValue:51.f];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 51.f);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:1], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, 51.f);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, 51.f);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  static const float kValues[] = { 51.f, 52.f, 53.f, 54.f };
+  GPBFloatArray *array =
+      [[GPBFloatArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 51.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 52.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 53.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 54.f);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:4], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  __block NSUInteger idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 3U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(float value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 1U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 0U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Ensure description doesn't choke.
+  XCTAssertTrue(array.description.length > 10);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const float kValues1[] = { 51.f, 52.f, 53.f };
+  const float kValues2[] = { 51.f, 54.f, 53.f };
+  const float kValues3[] = { 51.f, 52.f, 53.f, 54.f };
+  GPBFloatArray *array1 =
+      [[GPBFloatArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1);
+  GPBFloatArray *array1prime =
+      [[GPBFloatArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1prime);
+  GPBFloatArray *array2 =
+      [[GPBFloatArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  GPBFloatArray *array3 =
+      [[GPBFloatArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues3
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array3);
+
+  // Identity
+  XCTAssertTrue([array1 isEqual:array1]);
+  // Wrong type doesn't blow up.
+  XCTAssertFalse([array1 isEqual:@"bogus"]);
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array1, array1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array1, array1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([array1 hash], [array1prime hash]);
+
+  // 1/2/3 shouldn't be equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array2);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array3);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array2, array3);
+
+  [array1 release];
+  [array1prime release];
+  [array2 release];
+  [array3 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const float kValues[] = { 51.f, 52.f, 53.f, 54.f };
+  GPBFloatArray *array =
+      [[GPBFloatArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBFloatArray *array2 = [array copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array2 release];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testArrayFromArray {
+  const float kValues[] = { 51.f, 52.f, 53.f, 54.f };
+  GPBFloatArray *array =
+      [[GPBFloatArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBFloatArray *array2 = [GPBFloatArray arrayWithValueArray:array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBFloatArray *array = [GPBFloatArray array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  [array addValue:51.f];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+
+  const float kValues1[] = { 52.f, 53.f };
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  const float kValues2[] = { 54.f, 51.f };
+  GPBFloatArray *array2 =
+      [[GPBFloatArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  [array addValuesFromArray:array2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // Zero/nil inputs do nothing.
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  [array addValues:NULL count:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 51.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 52.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 53.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 54.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], 51.f);
+  [array2 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInsert {
+  const float kValues[] = { 51.f, 52.f, 53.f };
+  GPBFloatArray *array =
+      [[GPBFloatArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  // First
+  [array insertValue:54.f atIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array insertValue:54.f atIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // End
+  [array insertValue:54.f atIndex:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array insertValue:54.f atIndex:7],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 54.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 51.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 54.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 52.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], 53.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:5], 54.f);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const float kValues[] = { 54.f, 51.f, 52.f, 54.f, 53.f, 54.f };
+  GPBFloatArray *array =
+      [[GPBFloatArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // First
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 51.f);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 53.f);
+
+  // End
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 51.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 52.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 53.f);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:3],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:0],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const float kValues[] = { 51.f, 51.f, 53.f, 53.f };
+  GPBFloatArray *array =
+      [[GPBFloatArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:52.f];
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:3 withValue:54.f];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 51.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 52.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 53.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 54.f);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array replaceValueAtIndex:4 withValue:54.f],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 51.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 54.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 53.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 52.f);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:2 withValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 53.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 54.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 51.f);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 52.f);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:4 withValueAtIndex:1],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:4],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInternalResizing {
+  const float kValues[] = { 51.f, 52.f, 53.f, 54.f };
+  GPBFloatArray *array =
+      [GPBFloatArray arrayWithCapacity:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+
+  // Add/remove to trigger the intneral buffer to grow/shrink.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array removeValueAtIndex:(i * 2)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 304U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array insertValue:54.f atIndex:(i * 3)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_TESTS(Double, double, 61., 62., 63., 64.)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Double
+
+@interface GPBDoubleArrayTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBDoubleArrayTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBDoubleArray *array = [[GPBDoubleArray alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:0], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBDoubleArray *array = [GPBDoubleArray arrayWithValue:61.];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 61.);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:1], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, 61.);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, 61.);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  static const double kValues[] = { 61., 62., 63., 64. };
+  GPBDoubleArray *array =
+      [[GPBDoubleArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 61.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 62.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 63.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 64.);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:4], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  __block NSUInteger idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 3U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(double value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 1U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 0U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Ensure description doesn't choke.
+  XCTAssertTrue(array.description.length > 10);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const double kValues1[] = { 61., 62., 63. };
+  const double kValues2[] = { 61., 64., 63. };
+  const double kValues3[] = { 61., 62., 63., 64. };
+  GPBDoubleArray *array1 =
+      [[GPBDoubleArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1);
+  GPBDoubleArray *array1prime =
+      [[GPBDoubleArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1prime);
+  GPBDoubleArray *array2 =
+      [[GPBDoubleArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  GPBDoubleArray *array3 =
+      [[GPBDoubleArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues3
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array3);
+
+  // Identity
+  XCTAssertTrue([array1 isEqual:array1]);
+  // Wrong type doesn't blow up.
+  XCTAssertFalse([array1 isEqual:@"bogus"]);
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array1, array1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array1, array1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([array1 hash], [array1prime hash]);
+
+  // 1/2/3 shouldn't be equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array2);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array3);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array2, array3);
+
+  [array1 release];
+  [array1prime release];
+  [array2 release];
+  [array3 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const double kValues[] = { 61., 62., 63., 64. };
+  GPBDoubleArray *array =
+      [[GPBDoubleArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBDoubleArray *array2 = [array copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array2 release];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testArrayFromArray {
+  const double kValues[] = { 61., 62., 63., 64. };
+  GPBDoubleArray *array =
+      [[GPBDoubleArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBDoubleArray *array2 = [GPBDoubleArray arrayWithValueArray:array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBDoubleArray *array = [GPBDoubleArray array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  [array addValue:61.];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+
+  const double kValues1[] = { 62., 63. };
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  const double kValues2[] = { 64., 61. };
+  GPBDoubleArray *array2 =
+      [[GPBDoubleArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  [array addValuesFromArray:array2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // Zero/nil inputs do nothing.
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  [array addValues:NULL count:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 61.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 62.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 63.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 64.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], 61.);
+  [array2 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInsert {
+  const double kValues[] = { 61., 62., 63. };
+  GPBDoubleArray *array =
+      [[GPBDoubleArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  // First
+  [array insertValue:64. atIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array insertValue:64. atIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // End
+  [array insertValue:64. atIndex:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array insertValue:64. atIndex:7],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 64.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 61.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 64.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 62.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], 63.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:5], 64.);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const double kValues[] = { 64., 61., 62., 64., 63., 64. };
+  GPBDoubleArray *array =
+      [[GPBDoubleArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // First
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 61.);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 63.);
+
+  // End
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 61.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 62.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 63.);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:3],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:0],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const double kValues[] = { 61., 61., 63., 63. };
+  GPBDoubleArray *array =
+      [[GPBDoubleArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                       count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:62.];
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:3 withValue:64.];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 61.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 62.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 63.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 64.);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array replaceValueAtIndex:4 withValue:64.],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 61.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 64.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 63.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 62.);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:2 withValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 63.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 64.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 61.);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 62.);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:4 withValueAtIndex:1],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:4],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInternalResizing {
+  const double kValues[] = { 61., 62., 63., 64. };
+  GPBDoubleArray *array =
+      [GPBDoubleArray arrayWithCapacity:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+
+  // Add/remove to trigger the intneral buffer to grow/shrink.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array removeValueAtIndex:(i * 2)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 304U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array insertValue:64. atIndex:(i * 3)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_TESTS(Bool, BOOL, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool
+
+@interface GPBBoolArrayTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBBoolArrayTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBBoolArray *array = [[GPBBoolArray alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:0], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBBoolArray *array = [GPBBoolArray arrayWithValue:TRUE];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], TRUE);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:1], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, TRUE);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, TRUE);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  static const BOOL kValues[] = { TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE };
+  GPBBoolArray *array =
+      [[GPBBoolArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], TRUE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], TRUE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], FALSE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], FALSE);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:4], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  __block NSUInteger idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 3U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(BOOL value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 1U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 0U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Ensure description doesn't choke.
+  XCTAssertTrue(array.description.length > 10);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const BOOL kValues1[] = { TRUE, TRUE, FALSE };
+  const BOOL kValues2[] = { TRUE, FALSE, FALSE };
+  const BOOL kValues3[] = { TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE };
+  GPBBoolArray *array1 =
+      [[GPBBoolArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1);
+  GPBBoolArray *array1prime =
+      [[GPBBoolArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1prime);
+  GPBBoolArray *array2 =
+      [[GPBBoolArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  GPBBoolArray *array3 =
+      [[GPBBoolArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues3
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array3);
+
+  // Identity
+  XCTAssertTrue([array1 isEqual:array1]);
+  // Wrong type doesn't blow up.
+  XCTAssertFalse([array1 isEqual:@"bogus"]);
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array1, array1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array1, array1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([array1 hash], [array1prime hash]);
+
+  // 1/2/3 shouldn't be equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array2);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array3);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array2, array3);
+
+  [array1 release];
+  [array1prime release];
+  [array2 release];
+  [array3 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE };
+  GPBBoolArray *array =
+      [[GPBBoolArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBBoolArray *array2 = [array copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array2 release];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testArrayFromArray {
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE };
+  GPBBoolArray *array =
+      [[GPBBoolArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBBoolArray *array2 = [GPBBoolArray arrayWithValueArray:array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBBoolArray *array = [GPBBoolArray array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  [array addValue:TRUE];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+
+  const BOOL kValues1[] = { TRUE, FALSE };
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  const BOOL kValues2[] = { FALSE, TRUE };
+  GPBBoolArray *array2 =
+      [[GPBBoolArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  [array addValuesFromArray:array2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // Zero/nil inputs do nothing.
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  [array addValues:NULL count:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], TRUE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], TRUE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], FALSE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], FALSE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], TRUE);
+  [array2 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInsert {
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { TRUE, TRUE, FALSE };
+  GPBBoolArray *array =
+      [[GPBBoolArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  // First
+  [array insertValue:FALSE atIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array insertValue:FALSE atIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // End
+  [array insertValue:FALSE atIndex:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array insertValue:FALSE atIndex:7],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], FALSE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], TRUE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], FALSE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], TRUE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], FALSE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:5], FALSE);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { FALSE, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE };
+  GPBBoolArray *array =
+      [[GPBBoolArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // First
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], TRUE);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], FALSE);
+
+  // End
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], TRUE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], TRUE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], FALSE);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:3],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:0],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE };
+  GPBBoolArray *array =
+      [[GPBBoolArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:TRUE];
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:3 withValue:FALSE];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], TRUE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], TRUE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], FALSE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], FALSE);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array replaceValueAtIndex:4 withValue:FALSE],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], TRUE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], FALSE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], FALSE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], TRUE);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:2 withValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], FALSE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], FALSE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], TRUE);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], TRUE);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:4 withValueAtIndex:1],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:4],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInternalResizing {
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE };
+  GPBBoolArray *array =
+      [GPBBoolArray arrayWithCapacity:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+
+  // Add/remove to trigger the intneral buffer to grow/shrink.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array removeValueAtIndex:(i * 2)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 304U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array insertValue:FALSE atIndex:(i * 3)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND ARRAY_TESTS2(Enum, int32_t, 71, 72, 73, 74, Raw)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Enum
+
+@interface GPBEnumArrayTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBEnumArrayTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBEnumArray *array = [[GPBEnumArray alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:0], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(value, idx, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBEnumArray *array = [GPBEnumArray arrayWithValue:71];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 71);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:1], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, 71);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, 0U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, 71);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  static const int32_t kValues[] = { 71, 72, 73, 74 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 71);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 72);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 73);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 74);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array valueAtIndex:4], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  __block NSUInteger idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 3U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 1U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 0U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Ensure description doesn't choke.
+  XCTAssertTrue(array.description.length > 10);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 71, 72, 73 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 71, 74, 73 };
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 71, 72, 73, 74 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array1 =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1);
+  GPBEnumArray *array1prime =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues1
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1prime);
+  GPBEnumArray *array2 =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  GPBEnumArray *array3 =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues3
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array3);
+
+  // Identity
+  XCTAssertTrue([array1 isEqual:array1]);
+  // Wrong type doesn't blow up.
+  XCTAssertFalse([array1 isEqual:@"bogus"]);
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array1, array1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array1, array1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([array1 hash], [array1prime hash]);
+
+  // 1/2/3 shouldn't be equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array2);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array3);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array2, array3);
+
+  [array1 release];
+  [array1prime release];
+  [array2 release];
+  [array3 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 71, 72, 73, 74 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBEnumArray *array2 = [array copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array2 release];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testArrayFromArray {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 71, 72, 73, 74 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBEnumArray *array2 = [GPBEnumArray arrayWithValueArray:array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBEnumArray *array = [GPBEnumArray array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  [array addValue:71];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 72, 73 };
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 74, 71 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array2 =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  [array addRawValuesFromArray:array2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // Zero/nil inputs do nothing.
+  [array addValues:kValues1 count:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  [array addValues:NULL count:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 71);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 72);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 73);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 74);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], 71);
+  [array2 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInsert {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 71, 72, 73 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  // First
+  [array insertValue:74 atIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array insertValue:74 atIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // End
+  [array insertValue:74 atIndex:5];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array insertValue:74 atIndex:7],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 74);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 71);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 74);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 72);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:4], 73);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:5], 74);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 74, 71, 72, 74, 73, 74 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // First
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 71);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 73);
+
+  // End
+  [array removeValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 71);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 72);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 73);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:3],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array removeValueAtIndex:0],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 71, 71, 73, 73 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:72];
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:3 withValue:74];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 71);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 72);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 73);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 74);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array replaceValueAtIndex:4 withValue:74],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 71);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 74);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 73);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 72);
+
+  [array exchangeValueAtIndex:2 withValueAtIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 73);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 74);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 71);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 72);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:4 withValueAtIndex:1],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array exchangeValueAtIndex:1 withValueAtIndex:4],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInternalResizing {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 71, 72, 73, 74 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [GPBEnumArray arrayWithCapacity:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+
+  // Add/remove to trigger the intneral buffer to grow/shrink.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array addValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array removeValueAtIndex:(i * 2)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 304U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array insertValue:74 atIndex:(i * 3)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (8 expansions)
+
+#pragma mark - Non macro-based Enum tests
+
+// These are hand written tests to cover the verification and raw methods.
+
+@interface GPBEnumArrayCustomTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBEnumArrayCustomTests
+
+- (void)testRawBasics {
+  static const int32_t kValues[] = { 71, 272, 73, 374 };
+  static const int32_t kValuesFiltered[] = {
+      71, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue, 73, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue
+  };
+  XCTAssertEqual(GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues), GPBARRAYSIZE(kValuesFiltered));
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                             rawValues:kValues
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  GPBEnumValidationFunc func = TestingEnum_IsValidValue;
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.validationFunc, func);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:0], 71);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:1], 272);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:2], 73);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:3], 374);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array rawValueAtIndex:4], NSException, NSRangeException);
+  __block NSUInteger idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateRawValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValuesFiltered[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateRawValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                            usingBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                         usingBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValuesFiltered[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateRawValuesWithBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, idx2);
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 3U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  idx2 = 0;
+  [array enumerateRawValuesWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse
+                            usingBlock:^(int32_t value, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(idx, (3 - idx2));
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, kValues[idx]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    if (idx2 == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 1U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 0U);
+    ++idx2;
+  }];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 71, 72, 173 };  // With unknown value
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 71, 74, 173 };  // With unknown value
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 71, 72, 173, 74 };  // With unknown value
+  GPBEnumArray *array1 =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                             rawValues:kValues1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1);
+  GPBEnumArray *array1prime =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue2
+                                             rawValues:kValues1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array1prime);
+  GPBEnumArray *array2 =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  GPBEnumArray *array3 =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues3
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array3);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array1, array1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array1, array1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([array1 hash], [array1prime hash]);
+  // But different validation functions.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array1.validationFunc, array1prime.validationFunc);
+
+  // 1/2/3 shouldn't be equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array2);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array1, array3);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(array2, array3);
+
+  [array1 release];
+  [array1prime release];
+  [array2 release];
+  [array3 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 71, 72 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  [array addRawValue:1000]; // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:0], 71);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:1], 72);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:2], 1000);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+
+  GPBEnumArray *array2 = [array copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.validationFunc, array2.validationFunc);
+  XCTAssertTrue([array2 isKindOfClass:[GPBEnumArray class]]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array2.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array2 rawValueAtIndex:0], 71);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array2 rawValueAtIndex:1], 72);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array2 rawValueAtIndex:2], 1000);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array2 valueAtIndex:2], kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  [array2 release];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testArrayFromArray {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 71, 172, 173, 74 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                             rawValues:kValues
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  GPBEnumArray *array2 = [GPBEnumArray arrayWithValueArray:array];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array, array2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.validationFunc, array2.validationFunc);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testUnknownAdds {
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array addValue:172],
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 172, 173 };  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array addValues:kValues1 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)],
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRawAdds {
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  [array addRawValue:71];  // Valid
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 1U);
+
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 172, 173 };  // Unknown
+  [array addRawValues:kValues1 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 74, 71 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array2 =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues2
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array2);
+  [array addRawValuesFromArray:array2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:0], 71);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:1], 172);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:2], 173);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:3], 74);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:4], 71);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testUnknownInserts {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 71, 72, 73 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                             rawValues:kValues
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  // First
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array insertValue:174 atIndex:0],
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  // Middle
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array insertValue:274 atIndex:1],
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  // End
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array insertValue:374 atIndex:3],
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRawInsert {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 71, 72, 73 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                             rawValues:kValues
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 3U);
+
+  // First
+  [array insertRawValue:174 atIndex:0];  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+
+  // Middle
+  [array insertRawValue:274 atIndex:2];  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 5U);
+
+  // End
+  [array insertRawValue:374 atIndex:5];  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 6U);
+
+  // Too far.
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array insertRawValue:74 atIndex:7],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:0], 174);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:1], 71);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:2], 274);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:3], 72);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:4], 73);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:5], 374);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:5], kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testUnknownInplaceMutation {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 71, 72, 73, 74 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                             rawValues:kValues
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:172],
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array replaceValueAtIndex:3 withValue:274],
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:0], 71);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], 72);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:2], 73);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], 74);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+
+- (void)testRawInplaceMutation {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 71, 72, 73, 74 };
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                             rawValues:kValues
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withRawValue:172];  // Unknown
+  [array replaceValueAtIndex:3 withRawValue:274];  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:0], 71);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:1], 172);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:1], kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:2], 73);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array rawValueAtIndex:3], 274);
+  XCTAssertEqual([array valueAtIndex:3], kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([array replaceValueAtIndex:4 withRawValue:74],
+                               NSException, NSRangeException);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRawInternalResizing {
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 71, 172, 173, 74 };  // Unknown
+  GPBEnumArray *array =
+      [[GPBEnumArray alloc] initWithValues:kValues
+                                     count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(array);
+
+  // Add/remove to trigger the intneral buffer to grow/shrink.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array addRawValues:kValues count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array removeValueAtIndex:(i * 2)];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 304U);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    [array insertRawValue:274 atIndex:(i * 3)];  // Unknown
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 404U);
+  [array removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, 0U);
+  [array release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBAutocreatedArray Tests
+
+// These are hand written tests to double check some behaviors of the
+// GPBAutocreatedArray.
+
+// NOTE: GPBAutocreatedArray is private to the library, users of the library
+// should never have to directly deal with this class.
+
+@interface GPBAutocreatedArrayTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBAutocreatedArrayTests
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  GPBAutocreatedArray *array = [[GPBAutocreatedArray alloc] init];
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([array isEqual:@[]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([array isEqualToArray:@[]]);
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([array isEqual:@[ @"foo" ]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([array isEqualToArray:@[ @"foo" ]]);
+
+  [array addObject:@"foo"];
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([array isEqual:@[]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([array isEqualToArray:@[]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([array isEqual:@[ @"foo" ]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([array isEqualToArray:@[ @"foo" ]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([array isEqual:@[ @"bar" ]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([array isEqualToArray:@[ @"bar" ]]);
+
+  GPBAutocreatedArray *array2 = [[GPBAutocreatedArray alloc] init];
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([array isEqual:array2]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([array isEqualToArray:array2]);
+
+  [array2 addObject:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertFalse([array isEqual:array2]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([array isEqualToArray:array2]);
+
+  [array2 replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertTrue([array isEqual:array2]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([array isEqualToArray:array2]);
+
+  [array2 release];
+  [array release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  {
+    GPBAutocreatedArray *array = [[GPBAutocreatedArray alloc] init];
+
+    NSArray *cpy = [array copy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy != array); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy.count, (NSUInteger)0);
+
+    NSArray *cpy2 = [array copy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != array); // Ptr compare
+    // Can't compare cpy and cpy2 because NSArray has a singleton empty
+    // array it uses, so the ptrs are the same.
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy2.count, (NSUInteger)0);
+
+    [cpy2 release];
+    [cpy release];
+    [array release];
+  }
+
+  {
+    GPBAutocreatedArray *array = [[GPBAutocreatedArray alloc] init];
+
+    NSMutableArray *cpy = [array mutableCopy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy != array); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy isKindOfClass:[NSMutableArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy.count, (NSUInteger)0);
+
+    NSMutableArray *cpy2 = [array mutableCopy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != array); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != cpy); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[NSMutableArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy2.count, (NSUInteger)0);
+
+    [cpy2 release];
+    [cpy release];
+    [array release];
+  }
+
+  {
+    GPBAutocreatedArray *array = [[GPBAutocreatedArray alloc] init];
+    [array addObject:@"foo"];
+    [array addObject:@"bar"];
+
+    NSArray *cpy = [array copy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy != array); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy.count, (NSUInteger)2);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy[0], @"foo");
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy[1], @"bar");
+
+    NSArray *cpy2 = [array copy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != array); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != cpy); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy2.count, (NSUInteger)2);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy2[0], @"foo");
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy2[1], @"bar");
+
+    [cpy2 release];
+    [cpy release];
+    [array release];
+  }
+
+  {
+    GPBAutocreatedArray *array = [[GPBAutocreatedArray alloc] init];
+    [array addObject:@"foo"];
+    [array addObject:@"bar"];
+
+    NSMutableArray *cpy = [array mutableCopy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy != array); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy.count, (NSUInteger)2);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy[0], @"foo");
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy[1], @"bar");
+
+    NSMutableArray *cpy2 = [array mutableCopy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != array); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != cpy); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy2.count, (NSUInteger)2);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy2[0], @"foo");
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy2[1], @"bar");
+
+    [cpy2 release];
+    [cpy release];
+    [array release];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testIndexedSubscriptSupport {
+  // The base NSArray/NSMutableArray behaviors for *IndexedSubscript methods
+  // should still work via the methods that one has to override to make an
+  // NSMutableArray subclass.  i.e. - this should "just work" and if these
+  // crash/fail, then something is wrong in how NSMutableArray is subclassed.
+
+  GPBAutocreatedArray *array = [[GPBAutocreatedArray alloc] init];
+
+  [array addObject:@"foo"];
+  [array addObject:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, (NSUInteger)2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array[0], @"foo");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array[1], @"bar");
+  array[0] = @"foo2";
+  array[2] = @"baz";
+  XCTAssertEqual(array.count, (NSUInteger)3);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array[0], @"foo2");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array[1], @"bar");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(array[2], @"baz");
+
+  [array release];
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCodedInputStreamTests.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCodedInputStreamTests.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5aa69038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCodedInputStreamTests.m
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+#import "GPBCodedInputStream.h"
+#import "GPBCodedOutputStream.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownFieldSet_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+
+@interface CodedInputStreamTests : GPBTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation CodedInputStreamTests
+
+- (NSData*)bytes_with_sentinel:(int32_t)unused, ... {
+  va_list list;
+  va_start(list, unused);
+
+  NSMutableData* values = [NSMutableData dataWithCapacity:0];
+  int32_t i;
+
+  while ((i = va_arg(list, int32_t)) != 256) {
+    NSAssert(i >= 0 && i < 256, @"");
+    uint8_t u = (uint8_t)i;
+    [values appendBytes:&u length:1];
+  }
+
+  va_end(list);
+
+  return values;
+}
+
+#define bytes(...) [self bytes_with_sentinel:0, __VA_ARGS__, 256]
+
+- (void)testDecodeZigZag {
+  [self assertReadZigZag32:bytes(0x0) value:0];
+  [self assertReadZigZag32:bytes(0x1) value:-1];
+  [self assertReadZigZag32:bytes(0x2) value:1];
+  [self assertReadZigZag32:bytes(0x3) value:-2];
+
+  [self assertReadZigZag32:bytes(0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x07) value:(int32_t)0x3FFFFFFF];
+  [self assertReadZigZag32:bytes(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x07) value:(int32_t)0xC0000000];
+  [self assertReadZigZag32:bytes(0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x0F) value:(int32_t)0x7FFFFFFF];
+  [self assertReadZigZag32:bytes(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x0F) value:(int32_t)0x80000000];
+
+  [self assertReadZigZag64:bytes(0x0) value:0];
+  [self assertReadZigZag64:bytes(0x1) value:-1];
+  [self assertReadZigZag64:bytes(0x2) value:1];
+  [self assertReadZigZag64:bytes(0x3) value:-2];
+
+  [self assertReadZigZag64:bytes(0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x07) value:(int32_t)0x3FFFFFFF];
+  [self assertReadZigZag64:bytes(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x07) value:(int32_t)0xC0000000];
+  [self assertReadZigZag64:bytes(0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x0F) value:(int32_t)0x7FFFFFFF];
+  [self assertReadZigZag64:bytes(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x0F) value:(int32_t)0x80000000];
+
+  [self assertReadZigZag64:bytes(0xFE, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01) value:0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL];
+  [self assertReadZigZag64:bytes(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01) value:0x8000000000000000L];
+}
+
+- (void)assertReadVarint:(NSData*)data value:(int64_t)value {
+  if (value <= INT32_MAX && value >= INT32_MIN) {
+    {
+      GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+      XCTAssertEqual((int32_t)value, [input readInt32]);
+    }
+    {
+      GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+      XCTAssertEqual((int32_t)value, [input readEnum]);
+    }
+  }
+  if (value <= UINT32_MAX && value >= 0) {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual((uint32_t)value, [input readUInt32]);
+  }
+  {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, [input readInt64]);
+  }
+  if (value >= 0) {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual((uint64_t)value, [input readUInt64]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)assertReadLittleEndian32:(NSData*)data value:(int32_t)value {
+  {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, [input readSFixed32]);
+  }
+  {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual(GPBConvertInt32ToFloat(value), [input readFloat]);
+  }
+  {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual((uint32_t)value, [input readFixed32]);
+  }
+  {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, [input readSFixed32]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)assertReadLittleEndian64:(NSData*)data value:(int64_t)value {
+  {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, [input readSFixed64]);
+  }
+  {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual(GPBConvertInt64ToDouble(value), [input readDouble]);
+  }
+  {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual((uint64_t)value, [input readFixed64]);
+  }
+  {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual(value, [input readSFixed64]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)assertReadZigZag32:(NSData*)data value:(int64_t)value {
+  GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+  XCTAssertEqual((int32_t)value, [input readSInt32]);
+}
+
+- (void)assertReadZigZag64:(NSData*)data value:(int64_t)value {
+  GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, [input readSInt64]);
+}
+
+- (void)assertReadVarintFailure:(NSData*)data {
+  {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertThrows([input readInt32]);
+  }
+  {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertThrows([input readInt64]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testBytes {
+  NSData* data = bytes(0xa2, 0x74);
+  XCTAssertEqual(data.length, (NSUInteger)2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(((uint8_t*)data.bytes)[0], (uint8_t)0xa2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(((uint8_t*)data.bytes)[1], (uint8_t)0x74);
+}
+
+- (void)testReadBool {
+  {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:bytes(0x00)];
+    XCTAssertEqual(NO, [input readBool]);
+  }
+  {
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:bytes(0x01)];
+    XCTAssertEqual(YES, [input readBool]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testReadVarint {
+  [self assertReadVarint:bytes(0x00) value:0];
+  [self assertReadVarint:bytes(0x01) value:1];
+  [self assertReadVarint:bytes(0x7f) value:127];
+  // 14882
+  [self assertReadVarint:bytes(0xa2, 0x74) value:(0x22 << 0) | (0x74 << 7)];
+  // 1904930
+  [self assertReadVarint:bytes(0xa2, 0xa2, 0x74) value:(0x22 << 0) | (0x22 << 7) | (0x74 << 14)];
+  // 243831074
+  [self assertReadVarint:bytes(0xa2, 0xa2, 0xa2, 0x74)
+                   value:(0x22 << 0) | (0x22 << 7) | (0x22 << 14) | (0x74 << 21)];
+  // 2961488830
+  [self assertReadVarint:bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b)
+                   value:(0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) |
+                         (0x04 << 21) | (0x0bLL << 28)];
+
+  // 64-bit
+  // 7256456126
+  [self assertReadVarint:bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b)
+                   value:(0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) |
+                         (0x04 << 21) | (0x1bLL << 28)];
+  // 41256202580718336
+  [self assertReadVarint:bytes(0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49)
+                   value:(0x00 << 0) | (0x66 << 7) | (0x6b << 14) |
+                         (0x1c << 21) | (0x43LL << 28) | (0x49LL << 35) |
+                         (0x24LL << 42) | (0x49LL << 49)];
+  // 11964378330978735131
+  [self
+      assertReadVarint:bytes(0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85,
+                             0xa6, 0x01)
+                 value:(0x1b << 0) | (0x28 << 7) | (0x79 << 14) | (0x42 << 21) |
+                       (0x3bLL << 28) | (0x56LL << 35) | (0x00LL << 42) |
+                       (0x05LL << 49) | (0x26LL << 56) | (0x01ULL << 63)];
+
+  // Failures
+  [self assertReadVarintFailure:bytes(0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80,
+                                      0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00)];
+  [self assertReadVarintFailure:bytes(0x80)];
+}
+
+- (void)testReadVarint32FromVarint64 {
+  {
+    // Turn on lower 31 bits of the upper half on a 64 bit varint.
+    NSData* data = bytes(0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E);
+
+    int32_t value32 = 0x0;
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input32 = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual(value32, [input32 readInt32]);
+
+    int64_t value64 = INT64_MAX & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000;
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input64 = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual(value64, [input64 readInt64]);
+  }
+  {
+    // Turn on lower 31 bits and lower 31 bits on upper half on a 64 bit varint.
+    NSData* data = bytes(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E);
+
+    int32_t value32 = INT32_MAX;
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input32 = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual(value32, [input32 readInt32]);
+
+    int64_t value64 = INT64_MAX & 0xFFFFFFFF7FFFFFFF;
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input64 = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual(value64, [input64 readInt64]);
+  }
+  {
+    // Turn on bits 32 and 64 bit on a 64 bit varint.
+    NSData* data = bytes(0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x88, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x01);
+
+    int32_t value32 = INT32_MIN;
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input32 = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual(value32, [input32 readInt32]);
+
+    int64_t value64 = INT64_MIN | (0x01LL << 31);
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input64 = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    XCTAssertEqual(value64, [input64 readInt64]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testReadLittleEndian {
+  [self assertReadLittleEndian32:bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12)
+                           value:0x12345678];
+  [self assertReadLittleEndian32:bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a)
+                           value:0x9abcdef0];
+
+  [self assertReadLittleEndian64:bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34,
+                                       0x12)
+                           value:0x123456789abcdef0LL];
+  [self assertReadLittleEndian64:bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc,
+                                       0x9a)
+                           value:0x9abcdef012345678LL];
+}
+
+- (void)testReadWholeMessage {
+  TestAllTypes* message = [self allSetRepeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+
+  NSData* rawBytes = message.data;
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.serializedSize, (size_t)rawBytes.length);
+
+  TestAllTypes* message2 =
+      [TestAllTypes parseFromData:rawBytes extensionRegistry:nil error:NULL];
+  [self assertAllFieldsSet:message2 repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+}
+
+- (void)testSkipWholeMessage {
+  TestAllTypes* message = [self allSetRepeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  NSData* rawBytes = message.data;
+
+  // Create two parallel inputs.  Parse one as unknown fields while using
+  // skipField() to skip each field on the other.  Expect the same tags.
+  GPBCodedInputStream* input1 = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:rawBytes];
+  GPBCodedInputStream* input2 = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:rawBytes];
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet* unknownFields =
+      [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+
+  while (YES) {
+    int32_t tag = [input1 readTag];
+    XCTAssertEqual(tag, [input2 readTag]);
+    if (tag == 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+    [unknownFields mergeFieldFrom:tag input:input1];
+    [input2 skipField:tag];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testReadHugeBlob {
+  // Allocate and initialize a 1MB blob.
+  NSMutableData* blob = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:1 << 20];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < blob.length; i++) {
+    ((uint8_t*)blob.mutableBytes)[i] = (uint8_t)i;
+  }
+
+  // Make a message containing it.
+  TestAllTypes* message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [self setAllFields:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [message setOptionalBytes:blob];
+
+  // Serialize and parse it.  Make sure to parse from an InputStream, not
+  // directly from a ByteString, so that CodedInputStream uses buffered
+  // reading.
+  NSData *messageData = message.data;
+  XCTAssertNotNil(messageData);
+  GPBCodedInputStream* stream =
+      [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:messageData];
+  TestAllTypes* message2 = [TestAllTypes parseFromCodedInputStream:stream
+                                                 extensionRegistry:nil
+                                                             error:NULL];
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalBytes, message2.optionalBytes);
+
+  // Make sure all the other fields were parsed correctly.
+  TestAllTypes* message3 = [[message2 copy] autorelease];
+  TestAllTypes* types = [self allSetRepeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  NSData* data = [types optionalBytes];
+  [message3 setOptionalBytes:data];
+
+  [self assertAllFieldsSet:message3 repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+}
+
+- (void)testReadMaliciouslyLargeBlob {
+  NSOutputStream* rawOutput = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream* output =
+      [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:rawOutput];
+
+  int32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(1, GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  [output writeRawVarint32:tag];
+  [output writeRawVarint32:0x7FFFFFFF];
+  uint8_t bytes[32] = {0};
+  [output writeRawData:[NSData dataWithBytes:bytes length:32]];
+  [output flush];
+
+  NSData* data =
+      [rawOutput propertyForKey:NSStreamDataWrittenToMemoryStreamKey];
+  GPBCodedInputStream* input =
+      [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:[NSMutableData dataWithData:data]];
+  XCTAssertEqual(tag, [input readTag]);
+
+  XCTAssertThrows([input readBytes]);
+}
+
+- (void)testReadEmptyString {
+  NSData *data = bytes(0x00);
+  GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"", [input readString]);
+}
+
+- (void)testInvalidGroupEndTagThrows {
+  NSData *data = bytes(0x0B, 0x1A, 0x02, 0x4B, 0x50, 0x14);
+  GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([input skipMessage],
+                               NSException,
+                               GPBCodedInputStreamException,
+                               @"should throw a GPBCodedInputStreamException exception ");
+}
+
+- (void)testBytesWithNegativeSize {
+  NSData *data = bytes(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x0F);
+  GPBCodedInputStream *input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+  XCTAssertNil([input readBytes]);
+}
+
+// Verifies fix for b/10315336.
+// Note: Now that there isn't a custom string class under the hood, this test
+// isn't as critical, but it does cover bad input and if a custom class is added
+// again, it will help validate that class' handing of bad utf8.
+- (void)testReadMalformedString {
+  NSOutputStream* rawOutput = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream* output =
+      [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:rawOutput];
+
+  int32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(TestAllTypes_FieldNumber_DefaultString,
+                                     GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+  [output writeRawVarint32:tag];
+  [output writeRawVarint32:5];
+  // Create an invalid utf-8 byte array.
+  uint8_t bytes[] = {0xc2, 0xf2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0};
+  [output writeRawData:[NSData dataWithBytes:bytes length:sizeof(bytes)]];
+  [output flush];
+
+  NSData *data =
+      [rawOutput propertyForKey:NSStreamDataWrittenToMemoryStreamKey];
+  GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  TestAllTypes* message = [TestAllTypes parseFromCodedInputStream:input
+                                                extensionRegistry:nil
+                                                            error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(error);
+  XCTAssertNil(message);
+}
+
+- (void)testBOMWithinStrings {
+  // We've seen servers that end up with BOMs within strings (not always at the
+  // start, and sometimes in multiple places), make sure they always parse
+  // correctly. (Again, this is inpart incase a custom string class is ever
+  // used again.)
+  const char* strs[] = {
+    "\xEF\xBB\xBF String with BOM",
+    "String with \xEF\xBB\xBF in middle",
+    "String with end bom \xEF\xBB\xBF",
+    "\xEF\xBB\xBF\xe2\x99\xa1",  // BOM White Heart
+    "\xEF\xBB\xBF\xEF\xBB\xBF String with Two BOM",
+  };
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < GPBARRAYSIZE(strs); ++i) {
+    NSOutputStream* rawOutput = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+    GPBCodedOutputStream* output =
+        [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:rawOutput];
+
+    int32_t tag = GPBWireFormatMakeTag(TestAllTypes_FieldNumber_DefaultString,
+                                       GPBWireFormatLengthDelimited);
+    [output writeRawVarint32:tag];
+    size_t length = strlen(strs[i]);
+    [output writeRawVarint32:(int32_t)length];
+    [output writeRawData:[NSData dataWithBytes:strs[i] length:length]];
+    [output flush];
+
+    NSData* data =
+        [rawOutput propertyForKey:NSStreamDataWrittenToMemoryStreamKey];
+    GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+    TestAllTypes* message = [TestAllTypes parseFromCodedInputStream:input
+                                                  extensionRegistry:nil
+                                                              error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message, @"Loop %zd", i);
+    // Ensure the string is there. NSString can consume the BOM in some
+    // cases, so don't actually check the string for exact equality.
+    XCTAssertTrue(message.defaultString.length > 0, @"Loop %zd", i);
+  }
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCodedOuputStreamTests.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCodedOuputStreamTests.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c9144fb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCodedOuputStreamTests.m
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+#import "GPBCodedOutputStream_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBCodedInputStream.h"
+#import "GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+
+@interface GPBCodedOutputStream (InternalMethods)
+// Declared in the .m file, expose for testing.
+- (instancetype)initWithOutputStream:(NSOutputStream *)output
+                                data:(NSMutableData *)data;
+@end
+
+@interface GPBCodedOutputStream (Helper)
++ (instancetype)streamWithOutputStream:(NSOutputStream *)output
+                            bufferSize:(size_t)bufferSize;
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBCodedOutputStream (Helper)
++ (instancetype)streamWithOutputStream:(NSOutputStream *)output
+                            bufferSize:(size_t)bufferSize {
+  NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:bufferSize];
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithOutputStream:output data:data] autorelease];
+}
+@end
+
+@interface CodedOutputStreamTests : GPBTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation CodedOutputStreamTests
+
+- (NSData*)bytes_with_sentinel:(int32_t)unused, ... {
+  va_list list;
+  va_start(list, unused);
+
+  NSMutableData* values = [NSMutableData dataWithCapacity:0];
+  int32_t i;
+
+  while ((i = va_arg(list, int32_t)) != 256) {
+    NSAssert(i >= 0 && i < 256, @"");
+    uint8_t u = (uint8_t)i;
+    [values appendBytes:&u length:1];
+  }
+
+  va_end(list);
+
+  return values;
+}
+
+#define bytes(...) [self bytes_with_sentinel:0, __VA_ARGS__, 256]
+
+- (void)assertWriteLittleEndian32:(NSData*)data value:(int32_t)value {
+  NSOutputStream* rawOutput = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream* output =
+      [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:rawOutput];
+  [output writeRawLittleEndian32:(int32_t)value];
+  [output flush];
+
+  NSData* actual =
+      [rawOutput propertyForKey:NSStreamDataWrittenToMemoryStreamKey];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(data, actual);
+
+  // Try different block sizes.
+  for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+    rawOutput = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+    output = [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:rawOutput
+                                               bufferSize:blockSize];
+    [output writeRawLittleEndian32:(int32_t)value];
+    [output flush];
+
+    actual = [rawOutput propertyForKey:NSStreamDataWrittenToMemoryStreamKey];
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(data, actual);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)assertWriteLittleEndian64:(NSData*)data value:(int64_t)value {
+  NSOutputStream* rawOutput = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream* output =
+      [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:rawOutput];
+  [output writeRawLittleEndian64:value];
+  [output flush];
+
+  NSData* actual =
+      [rawOutput propertyForKey:NSStreamDataWrittenToMemoryStreamKey];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(data, actual);
+
+  // Try different block sizes.
+  for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+    rawOutput = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+    output = [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:rawOutput
+                                               bufferSize:blockSize];
+    [output writeRawLittleEndian64:value];
+    [output flush];
+
+    actual = [rawOutput propertyForKey:NSStreamDataWrittenToMemoryStreamKey];
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(data, actual);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)assertWriteVarint:(NSData*)data value:(int64_t)value {
+  // Only do 32-bit write if the value fits in 32 bits.
+  if (GPBLogicalRightShift64(value, 32) == 0) {
+    NSOutputStream* rawOutput = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+    GPBCodedOutputStream* output =
+        [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:rawOutput];
+    [output writeRawVarint32:(int32_t)value];
+    [output flush];
+
+    NSData* actual =
+        [rawOutput propertyForKey:NSStreamDataWrittenToMemoryStreamKey];
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(data, actual);
+
+    // Also try computing size.
+    XCTAssertEqual(GPBComputeRawVarint32Size((int32_t)value),
+                   (size_t)data.length);
+  }
+
+  {
+    NSOutputStream* rawOutput = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+    GPBCodedOutputStream* output =
+        [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:rawOutput];
+    [output writeRawVarint64:value];
+    [output flush];
+
+    NSData* actual =
+        [rawOutput propertyForKey:NSStreamDataWrittenToMemoryStreamKey];
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(data, actual);
+
+    // Also try computing size.
+    XCTAssertEqual(GPBComputeRawVarint64Size(value), (size_t)data.length);
+  }
+
+  // Try different block sizes.
+  for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+    // Only do 32-bit write if the value fits in 32 bits.
+    if (GPBLogicalRightShift64(value, 32) == 0) {
+      NSOutputStream* rawOutput = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+      GPBCodedOutputStream* output =
+          [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:rawOutput
+                                            bufferSize:blockSize];
+
+      [output writeRawVarint32:(int32_t)value];
+      [output flush];
+
+      NSData* actual =
+          [rawOutput propertyForKey:NSStreamDataWrittenToMemoryStreamKey];
+      XCTAssertEqualObjects(data, actual);
+    }
+
+    {
+      NSOutputStream* rawOutput = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+      GPBCodedOutputStream* output =
+          [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:rawOutput
+                                            bufferSize:blockSize];
+
+      [output writeRawVarint64:value];
+      [output flush];
+
+      NSData* actual =
+          [rawOutput propertyForKey:NSStreamDataWrittenToMemoryStreamKey];
+      XCTAssertEqualObjects(data, actual);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)assertWriteStringNoTag:(NSData*)data
+                         value:(NSString *)value
+                       context:(NSString *)contextMessage {
+  NSOutputStream* rawOutput = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream* output =
+      [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:rawOutput];
+  [output writeStringNoTag:value];
+  [output flush];
+
+  NSData* actual =
+      [rawOutput propertyForKey:NSStreamDataWrittenToMemoryStreamKey];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(data, actual, @"%@", contextMessage);
+
+  // Try different block sizes.
+  for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+    rawOutput = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+    output = [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:rawOutput
+                                               bufferSize:blockSize];
+    [output writeStringNoTag:value];
+    [output flush];
+
+    actual = [rawOutput propertyForKey:NSStreamDataWrittenToMemoryStreamKey];
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(data, actual, @"%@", contextMessage);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testWriteVarint1 {
+  [self assertWriteVarint:bytes(0x00) value:0];
+}
+
+- (void)testWriteVarint2 {
+  [self assertWriteVarint:bytes(0x01) value:1];
+}
+
+- (void)testWriteVarint3 {
+  [self assertWriteVarint:bytes(0x7f) value:127];
+}
+
+- (void)testWriteVarint4 {
+  // 14882
+  [self assertWriteVarint:bytes(0xa2, 0x74) value:(0x22 << 0) | (0x74 << 7)];
+}
+
+- (void)testWriteVarint5 {
+  // The sign/nosign distinction is done here because normally varints are
+  // around 64bit values, but for some cases a 32bit value is forced with
+  // with the sign bit (tags, uint32, etc.)
+
+  // 1887747006 (no sign bit)
+  [self assertWriteVarint:bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x07)
+                    value:(0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) |
+                          (0x04 << 21) | (0x07LL << 28)];
+  // 2961488830 (sign bit)
+  [self assertWriteVarint:bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b)
+                    value:(0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) |
+                          (0x04 << 21) | (0x0bLL << 28)];
+}
+
+- (void)testWriteVarint6 {
+  // 64-bit
+  // 7256456126
+  [self assertWriteVarint:bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b)
+                    value:(0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) |
+                          (0x04 << 21) | (0x1bLL << 28)];
+}
+
+- (void)testWriteVarint7 {
+  // 41256202580718336
+  [self assertWriteVarint:bytes(0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49)
+                    value:(0x00 << 0) | (0x66 << 7) | (0x6b << 14) |
+                          (0x1c << 21) | (0x43LL << 28) | (0x49LL << 35) |
+                          (0x24LL << 42) | (0x49LL << 49)];
+}
+
+- (void)testWriteVarint8 {
+  // 11964378330978735131
+  [self assertWriteVarint:bytes(0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85,
+                                0xa6, 0x01)
+                    value:(0x1b << 0) | (0x28 << 7) | (0x79 << 14) |
+                          (0x42 << 21) | (0x3bLL << 28) | (0x56LL << 35) |
+                          (0x00LL << 42) | (0x05LL << 49) | (0x26LL << 56) |
+                          (0x01ULL << 63)];
+}
+
+- (void)testWriteLittleEndian {
+  [self assertWriteLittleEndian32:bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12)
+                            value:0x12345678];
+  [self assertWriteLittleEndian32:bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a)
+                            value:0x9abcdef0];
+
+  [self assertWriteLittleEndian64:bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x78, 0x56,
+                                        0x34, 0x12)
+                            value:0x123456789abcdef0LL];
+  [self assertWriteLittleEndian64:bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0xf0, 0xde,
+                                        0xbc, 0x9a)
+                            value:0x9abcdef012345678LL];
+}
+
+- (void)testEncodeZigZag {
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, GPBEncodeZigZag32(0));
+  XCTAssertEqual(1U, GPBEncodeZigZag32(-1));
+  XCTAssertEqual(2U, GPBEncodeZigZag32(1));
+  XCTAssertEqual(3U, GPBEncodeZigZag32(-2));
+  XCTAssertEqual(0x7FFFFFFEU, GPBEncodeZigZag32(0x3FFFFFFF));
+  XCTAssertEqual(0x7FFFFFFFU, GPBEncodeZigZag32(0xC0000000));
+  XCTAssertEqual(0xFFFFFFFEU, GPBEncodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFF));
+  XCTAssertEqual(0xFFFFFFFFU, GPBEncodeZigZag32(0x80000000));
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(0ULL, GPBEncodeZigZag64(0));
+  XCTAssertEqual(1ULL, GPBEncodeZigZag64(-1));
+  XCTAssertEqual(2ULL, GPBEncodeZigZag64(1));
+  XCTAssertEqual(3ULL, GPBEncodeZigZag64(-2));
+  XCTAssertEqual(0x000000007FFFFFFEULL,
+                 GPBEncodeZigZag64(0x000000003FFFFFFFLL));
+  XCTAssertEqual(0x000000007FFFFFFFULL,
+                 GPBEncodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFC0000000LL));
+  XCTAssertEqual(0x00000000FFFFFFFEULL,
+                 GPBEncodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFFLL));
+  XCTAssertEqual(0x00000000FFFFFFFFULL,
+                 GPBEncodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFF80000000LL));
+  XCTAssertEqual(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEULL,
+                 GPBEncodeZigZag64(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFLL));
+  XCTAssertEqual(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL,
+                 GPBEncodeZigZag64(0x8000000000000000LL));
+
+  // Some easier-to-verify round-trip tests.  The inputs (other than 0, 1, -1)
+  // were chosen semi-randomly via keyboard bashing.
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, GPBEncodeZigZag32(GPBDecodeZigZag32(0)));
+  XCTAssertEqual(1U, GPBEncodeZigZag32(GPBDecodeZigZag32(1)));
+  XCTAssertEqual(-1U, GPBEncodeZigZag32(GPBDecodeZigZag32(-1)));
+  XCTAssertEqual(14927U, GPBEncodeZigZag32(GPBDecodeZigZag32(14927)));
+  XCTAssertEqual(-3612U, GPBEncodeZigZag32(GPBDecodeZigZag32(-3612)));
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(0ULL, GPBEncodeZigZag64(GPBDecodeZigZag64(0)));
+  XCTAssertEqual(1ULL, GPBEncodeZigZag64(GPBDecodeZigZag64(1)));
+  XCTAssertEqual(-1ULL, GPBEncodeZigZag64(GPBDecodeZigZag64(-1)));
+  XCTAssertEqual(14927ULL, GPBEncodeZigZag64(GPBDecodeZigZag64(14927)));
+  XCTAssertEqual(-3612ULL, GPBEncodeZigZag64(GPBDecodeZigZag64(-3612)));
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(856912304801416ULL,
+                 GPBEncodeZigZag64(GPBDecodeZigZag64(856912304801416LL)));
+  XCTAssertEqual(-75123905439571256ULL,
+                 GPBEncodeZigZag64(GPBDecodeZigZag64(-75123905439571256LL)));
+}
+
+- (void)testWriteWholeMessage {
+  // Not kGPBDefaultRepeatCount because we are comparing to a golden master file
+  // that was generated with 2.
+  TestAllTypes* message = [self allSetRepeatedCount:2];
+
+  NSData* rawBytes = message.data;
+  NSData* goldenData =
+      [self getDataFileNamed:@"golden_message" dataToWrite:rawBytes];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(rawBytes, goldenData);
+
+  // Try different block sizes.
+  for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize < 256; blockSize *= 2) {
+    NSOutputStream* rawOutput = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+    GPBCodedOutputStream* output =
+        [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:rawOutput
+                                          bufferSize:blockSize];
+    [message writeToCodedOutputStream:output];
+    [output flush];
+
+    NSData* actual =
+        [rawOutput propertyForKey:NSStreamDataWrittenToMemoryStreamKey];
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(rawBytes, actual);
+  }
+
+  // Not kGPBDefaultRepeatCount because we are comparing to a golden master file
+  // that was generated with 2.
+  TestAllExtensions* extensions = [self allExtensionsSetRepeatedCount:2];
+  rawBytes = extensions.data;
+  goldenData = [self getDataFileNamed:@"golden_packed_fields_message"
+                          dataToWrite:rawBytes];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(rawBytes, goldenData);
+}
+
+- (void)testCFStringGetCStringPtrAndStringsWithNullChars {
+  // This test exists to verify that CFStrings with embedded NULLs still expose
+  // their raw buffer if they are backed by UTF8 storage. If this fails, the
+  // quick/direct access paths in GPBCodedOutputStream that depend on
+  // CFStringGetCStringPtr need to be re-evalutated (maybe just removed).
+  // And yes, we do get NULLs in strings from some servers.
+
+  char zeroTest[] = "\0Test\0String";
+  // Note: there is a \0 at the end of this since it is a c-string.
+  NSString *asNSString = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:zeroTest
+                                                  length:sizeof(zeroTest)
+                                                encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  const char *cString =
+      CFStringGetCStringPtr((CFStringRef)asNSString, kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
+  XCTAssertTrue(cString != NULL);
+  // Again, if the above assert fails, then it means NSString no longer exposes
+  // the raw utf8 storage of a string created from utf8 input, so the code using
+  // CFStringGetCStringPtr in GPBCodedOutputStream will still work (it will take
+  // a different code path); but the optimizations for when
+  // CFStringGetCStringPtr does work could possibly go away.
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(sizeof(zeroTest),
+                 [asNSString lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
+  XCTAssertTrue(0 == memcmp(cString, zeroTest, sizeof(zeroTest)));
+  [asNSString release];
+}
+
+- (void)testWriteStringsWithZeroChar {
+  // Unicode allows `\0` as a character, and NSString is a class cluster, so
+  // there are a few different classes that could end up beind a given string.
+  // Historically, we've seen differences based on constant strings in code and
+  // strings built via the NSString apis. So this round trips them to ensure
+  // they are acting as expected.
+
+  NSArray<NSString *> *strs = @[
+    @"\0at start",
+    @"in\0middle",
+    @"at end\0",
+  ];
+  int i = 0;
+  for (NSString *str in strs) {
+    NSData *asUTF8 = [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+    NSMutableData *expected = [NSMutableData data];
+    uint8_t lengthByte = (uint8_t)asUTF8.length;
+    [expected appendBytes:&lengthByte length:1];
+    [expected appendData:asUTF8];
+
+    NSString *context = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Loop %d - Literal", i];
+    [self assertWriteStringNoTag:expected value:str context:context];
+
+    // Force a new string to be built which gets a different class from the
+    // NSString class cluster than the literal did.
+    NSString *str2 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", str];
+    context = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Loop %d - Built", i];
+    [self assertWriteStringNoTag:expected value:str2 context:context];
+
+    ++i;
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testThatItThrowsWhenWriteRawPtrFails {
+  NSOutputStream *output = [NSOutputStream outputStreamToMemory];
+  GPBCodedOutputStream *codedOutput =
+      [GPBCodedOutputStream streamWithOutputStream:output bufferSize:0];  // Skip buffering.
+  [output close];  // Close the output stream to force failure on write.
+  const char *cString = "raw";
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([codedOutput writeRawPtr:cString offset:0 length:strlen(cString)],
+                               NSException, GPBCodedOutputStreamException_WriteFailed);
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest01.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest01.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8bc433a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest01.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "GPBArray.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_1 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest02.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest02.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c44e201a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest02.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "GPBCodedInputStream.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_2 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest03.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest03.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41994f94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest03.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "GPBCodedOutputStream.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_3 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest04.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest04.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c31498f12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest04.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_4 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest05.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest05.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..adb72252f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest05.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "GPBDictionary.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_5 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest06.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest06.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7505b02a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest06.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "GPBExtensionRegistry.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_6 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest07.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest07.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..939bb7097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest07.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "GPBMessage.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_7 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest08.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest08.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a84f38cf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest08.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "GPBRootObject.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_8 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest09.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest09.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8ccb4a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest09.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "GPBUnknownField.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_9 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest10.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest10.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8318678d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest10.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "GPBUnknownFieldSet.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_10 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest11.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest11.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f2c6b11a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest11.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "GPBUtilities.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_11 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest12.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest12.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3aa29b317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest12.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "GPBWellKnownTypes.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_12 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest13.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest13.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fef2af5f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest13.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "GPBWireFormat.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_13 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest14.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest14.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae04349ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest14.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_14 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest15.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest15.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..889243aa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest15.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "google/protobuf/Api.pbobjc.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_15 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest16.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest16.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5aaf14f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest16.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_16 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest17.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest17.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..feb64d669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest17.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_17 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest18.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest18.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66784c4ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest18.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_18 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest19.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest19.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..435dea013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest19.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_19 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest20.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest20.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2da80668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest20.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_20 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest21.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest21.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7110b937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest21.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_21 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest22.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest22.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..173806180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest22.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_22 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest23.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest23.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f22f9bdd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest23.m
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single public header to ensure things build.
+// It helps test that imports are complete/ordered correctly.
+
+#import "google/protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_23 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest24.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest24.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c81ea7325
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest24.m
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single header to ensure things build. This
+// is NOT a public header of the library, but uses a file that defines
+// proto2 syntax messages that are extendable, so it can need more things
+// that the proto3 syntax WKTs bundled with the library.
+
+#import "google/protobuf/Descriptor.pbobjc.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_24 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest25.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest25.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a482b51b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBCompileTest25.m
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// This is a test including a single header to ensure things build. This
+// is NOT a public header of the library, but uses a file that defines
+// extensions to proto2 syntax messages, so it can need more things
+// that the proto3 syntax WKTs bundled with the library.
+
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestCustomOptions.pbobjc.h"
+
+
+// Something in the body of this file so the compiler/linker won't complain
+// about an empty .o file.
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) char dummy_symbol_25 = 0;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBConcurrencyTests.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBConcurrencyTests.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..daf75e7e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBConcurrencyTests.m
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestObjc.pbobjc.h"
+
+static const int kNumThreads = 100;
+static const int kNumMessages = 100;
+
+// NOTE: Most of these tests don't "fail" in the sense that the XCTAsserts
+// trip.  Rather, the asserts simply exercise the apis, and if there is
+// a concurancy issue, the NSAsserts in the runtime code fire and/or the
+// code just crashes outright.
+
+@interface ConcurrencyTests : GPBTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation ConcurrencyTests
+
+- (NSArray *)createThreadsWithSelector:(SEL)selector object:(id)object {
+  NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray array];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < kNumThreads; i++) {
+    NSThread *thread =
+        [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:selector object:object];
+    [array addObject:thread];
+    [thread release];
+  }
+  return array;
+}
+
+- (NSArray *)createMessagesWithType:(Class)msgType {
+  NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray array];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < kNumMessages; i++) {
+    [array addObject:[msgType message]];
+  }
+  return array;
+}
+
+- (void)startThreads:(NSArray *)threads {
+  for (NSThread *thread in threads) {
+    [thread start];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)joinThreads:(NSArray *)threads {
+  for (NSThread *thread in threads) {
+    while (![thread isFinished])
+      ;
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)readForeignMessage:(NSArray *)messages {
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    for (TestAllTypes *message in messages) {
+      XCTAssertEqual(message.optionalForeignMessage.c, 0);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testConcurrentReadOfUnsetMessageField {
+  NSArray *messages = [self createMessagesWithType:[TestAllTypes class]];
+  NSArray *threads =
+      [self createThreadsWithSelector:@selector(readForeignMessage:)
+                               object:messages];
+  [self startThreads:threads];
+  [self joinThreads:threads];
+  for (TestAllTypes *message in messages) {
+    XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalForeignMessage);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)readRepeatedInt32:(NSArray *)messages {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    for (TestAllTypes *message in messages) {
+      XCTAssertEqual([message.repeatedInt32Array count], (NSUInteger)0);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testConcurrentReadOfUnsetRepeatedIntField {
+  NSArray *messages = [self createMessagesWithType:[TestAllTypes class]];
+  NSArray *threads =
+      [self createThreadsWithSelector:@selector(readRepeatedInt32:)
+                               object:messages];
+  [self startThreads:threads];
+  [self joinThreads:threads];
+  for (TestAllTypes *message in messages) {
+    XCTAssertEqual([message.repeatedInt32Array count], (NSUInteger)0);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)readRepeatedString:(NSArray *)messages {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    for (TestAllTypes *message in messages) {
+      XCTAssertEqual([message.repeatedStringArray count], (NSUInteger)0);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testConcurrentReadOfUnsetRepeatedStringField {
+  NSArray *messages = [self createMessagesWithType:[TestAllTypes class]];
+  NSArray *threads =
+      [self createThreadsWithSelector:@selector(readRepeatedString:)
+                               object:messages];
+  [self startThreads:threads];
+  [self joinThreads:threads];
+  for (TestAllTypes *message in messages) {
+    XCTAssertEqual([message.repeatedStringArray count], (NSUInteger)0);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)readInt32Int32Map:(NSArray *)messages {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    for (TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message in messages) {
+      XCTAssertEqual([message.iToI count], (NSUInteger)0);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testConcurrentReadOfUnsetInt32Int32MapField {
+  NSArray *messages =
+      [self createMessagesWithType:[TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField class]];
+  NSArray *threads =
+      [self createThreadsWithSelector:@selector(readInt32Int32Map:)
+                               object:messages];
+  [self startThreads:threads];
+  [self joinThreads:threads];
+  for (TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message in messages) {
+    XCTAssertEqual([message.iToI count], (NSUInteger)0);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)readStringStringMap:(NSArray *)messages {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    for (TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message in messages) {
+      XCTAssertEqual([message.strToStr count], (NSUInteger)0);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testConcurrentReadOfUnsetStringStringMapField {
+  NSArray *messages =
+      [self createMessagesWithType:[TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField class]];
+  NSArray *threads =
+      [self createThreadsWithSelector:@selector(readStringStringMap:)
+                               object:messages];
+  [self startThreads:threads];
+  [self joinThreads:threads];
+  for (TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message in messages) {
+    XCTAssertEqual([message.strToStr count], (NSUInteger)0);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)readOptionalForeignMessageExtension:(NSArray *)messages {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    for (TestAllExtensions *message in messages) {
+      ForeignMessage *foreign =
+          [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]];
+      XCTAssertEqual(foreign.c, 0);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testConcurrentReadOfUnsetExtensionField {
+  NSArray *messages = [self createMessagesWithType:[TestAllExtensions class]];
+  SEL sel = @selector(readOptionalForeignMessageExtension:);
+  NSArray *threads = [self createThreadsWithSelector:sel object:messages];
+  [self startThreads:threads];
+  [self joinThreads:threads];
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension =
+      [UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension];
+  for (TestAllExtensions *message in messages) {
+    XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:extension]);
+  }
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDescriptorTests.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDescriptorTests.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46c172915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDescriptorTests.m
@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+#import <objc/runtime.h>
+
+#import "GPBDescriptor_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestObjc.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/Descriptor.pbobjc.h"
+
+@interface DescriptorTests : GPBTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation DescriptorTests
+
+- (void)testDescriptor_containingType {
+  GPBDescriptor *testAllTypesDesc = [TestAllTypes descriptor];
+  GPBDescriptor *nestedMessageDesc = [TestAllTypes_NestedMessage descriptor];
+  XCTAssertNil(testAllTypesDesc.containingType);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(nestedMessageDesc.containingType);
+  XCTAssertEqual(nestedMessageDesc.containingType, testAllTypesDesc);  // Ptr comparison
+}
+
+- (void)testDescriptor_fullName {
+  GPBDescriptor *testAllTypesDesc = [TestAllTypes descriptor];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(testAllTypesDesc.fullName, @"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes");
+  GPBDescriptor *nestedMessageDesc = [TestAllTypes_NestedMessage descriptor];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(nestedMessageDesc.fullName, @"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage");
+
+  // Prefixes removed.
+  GPBDescriptor *descDesc = [GPBDescriptorProto descriptor];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(descDesc.fullName, @"google.protobuf.DescriptorProto");
+  GPBDescriptor *descExtRngDesc = [GPBDescriptorProto_ExtensionRange descriptor];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(descExtRngDesc.fullName, @"google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange");
+
+  // Things that get "_Class" added.
+  GPBDescriptor *pointDesc = [Point_Class descriptor];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(pointDesc.fullName, @"protobuf_unittest.Point");
+  GPBDescriptor *pointRectDesc = [Point_Rect descriptor];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(pointRectDesc.fullName, @"protobuf_unittest.Point.Rect");
+}
+
+- (void)testFieldDescriptor {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [TestAllTypes descriptor];
+
+  // Nested Enum
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDescriptorWithName =
+      [descriptor fieldWithName:@"optionalNestedEnum"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithName);
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDescriptorWithNumber =
+      [descriptor fieldWithNumber:21];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithNumber);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName, fieldDescriptorWithNumber);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithNumber.enumDescriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(fieldDescriptorWithNumber.enumDescriptor.name,
+                        @"TestAllTypes_NestedEnum");
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName.number, fieldDescriptorWithNumber.number);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName.dataType, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+
+  // Foreign Enum
+  fieldDescriptorWithName = [descriptor fieldWithName:@"optionalForeignEnum"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithName);
+  fieldDescriptorWithNumber = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:22];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithNumber);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName, fieldDescriptorWithNumber);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithNumber.enumDescriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(fieldDescriptorWithNumber.enumDescriptor.name,
+                        @"ForeignEnum");
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName.number, fieldDescriptorWithNumber.number);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName.dataType, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+
+  // Import Enum
+  fieldDescriptorWithName = [descriptor fieldWithName:@"optionalImportEnum"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithName);
+  fieldDescriptorWithNumber = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:23];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithNumber);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName, fieldDescriptorWithNumber);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithNumber.enumDescriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(fieldDescriptorWithNumber.enumDescriptor.name,
+                        @"ImportEnum");
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName.number, fieldDescriptorWithNumber.number);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName.dataType, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+
+  // Nested Message
+  fieldDescriptorWithName = [descriptor fieldWithName:@"optionalNestedMessage"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithName);
+  fieldDescriptorWithNumber = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:18];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithNumber);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName, fieldDescriptorWithNumber);
+  XCTAssertNil(fieldDescriptorWithNumber.enumDescriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName.number, fieldDescriptorWithNumber.number);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName.dataType, GPBDataTypeMessage);
+
+  // Foreign Message
+  fieldDescriptorWithName =
+      [descriptor fieldWithName:@"optionalForeignMessage"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithName);
+  fieldDescriptorWithNumber = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:19];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithNumber);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName, fieldDescriptorWithNumber);
+  XCTAssertNil(fieldDescriptorWithNumber.enumDescriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName.number, fieldDescriptorWithNumber.number);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName.dataType, GPBDataTypeMessage);
+
+  // Import Message
+  fieldDescriptorWithName = [descriptor fieldWithName:@"optionalImportMessage"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithName);
+  fieldDescriptorWithNumber = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:20];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptorWithNumber);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName, fieldDescriptorWithNumber);
+  XCTAssertNil(fieldDescriptorWithNumber.enumDescriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName.number, fieldDescriptorWithNumber.number);
+  XCTAssertEqual(fieldDescriptorWithName.dataType, GPBDataTypeMessage);
+
+  // Some failed lookups.
+  XCTAssertNil([descriptor fieldWithName:@"NOT THERE"]);
+  XCTAssertNil([descriptor fieldWithNumber:9876543]);
+}
+
+- (void)testEnumDescriptor {
+  GPBEnumDescriptor *descriptor = TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_EnumDescriptor();
+
+  NSString *enumName = [descriptor enumNameForValue:1];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(enumName);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue(
+      [descriptor getValue:&value forEnumName:@"TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue(
+      [descriptor getValue:NULL forEnumName:@"TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo);
+
+  enumName = [descriptor enumNameForValue:2];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(enumName);
+  XCTAssertTrue(
+      [descriptor getValue:&value forEnumName:@"TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Bar);
+
+  enumName = [descriptor enumNameForValue:3];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(enumName);
+  XCTAssertTrue(
+      [descriptor getValue:&value forEnumName:@"TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz);
+
+  // TextFormat
+  enumName = [descriptor textFormatNameForValue:1];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(enumName);
+  XCTAssertTrue([descriptor getValue:&value forEnumTextFormatName:@"FOO"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertNil([descriptor textFormatNameForValue:99999]);
+
+  // Bad values
+  enumName = [descriptor enumNameForValue:0];
+  XCTAssertNil(enumName);
+  XCTAssertFalse([descriptor getValue:&value forEnumName:@"Unknown"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([descriptor getValue:NULL forEnumName:@"Unknown"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([descriptor getValue:&value
+                          forEnumName:@"TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Unknown"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([descriptor getValue:NULL
+                          forEnumName:@"TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Unknown"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([descriptor getValue:NULL forEnumTextFormatName:@"Unknown"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([descriptor getValue:&value forEnumTextFormatName:@"Unknown"]);
+}
+
+- (void)testEnumDescriptorIntrospection {
+  GPBEnumDescriptor *descriptor = TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_EnumDescriptor();
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.enumNameCount, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumNameForIndex:0],
+                        @"TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:0], @"FOO");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumNameForIndex:1],
+                 @"TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Bar");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:1], @"BAR");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumNameForIndex:2],
+                 @"TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:2], @"BAZ");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumNameForIndex:3],
+                 @"TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Neg");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:3], @"NEG");
+}
+
+- (void)testEnumDescriptorIntrospectionWithAlias {
+  GPBEnumDescriptor *descriptor = TestEnumWithDupValue_EnumDescriptor();
+  NSString *enumName;
+  int32_t value;
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.enumNameCount, 5U);
+
+  enumName = [descriptor getEnumNameForIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(enumName, @"TestEnumWithDupValue_Foo1");
+  XCTAssertTrue([descriptor getValue:&value forEnumName:enumName]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 1);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:0], @"FOO1");
+
+  enumName = [descriptor getEnumNameForIndex:1];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(enumName, @"TestEnumWithDupValue_Bar1");
+  XCTAssertTrue([descriptor getValue:&value forEnumName:enumName]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:1], @"BAR1");
+
+  enumName = [descriptor getEnumNameForIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(enumName, @"TestEnumWithDupValue_Baz");
+  XCTAssertTrue([descriptor getValue:&value forEnumName:enumName]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 3);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:2], @"BAZ");
+
+  enumName = [descriptor getEnumNameForIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(enumName, @"TestEnumWithDupValue_Foo2");
+  XCTAssertTrue([descriptor getValue:&value forEnumName:enumName]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 1);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:3], @"FOO2");
+
+  enumName = [descriptor getEnumNameForIndex:4];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(enumName, @"TestEnumWithDupValue_Bar2");
+  XCTAssertTrue([descriptor getValue:&value forEnumName:enumName]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:4], @"BAR2");
+}
+
+- (void)testEnumAliasNameCollisions {
+  GPBEnumDescriptor *descriptor = TestEnumObjCNameCollision_EnumDescriptor();
+  NSString *textFormatName;
+  int32_t value;
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.enumNameCount, 5U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumNameForIndex:0], @"TestEnumObjCNameCollision_Foo");
+  textFormatName = [descriptor getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:0];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(textFormatName, @"FOO");
+  XCTAssertTrue([descriptor getValue:&value forEnumTextFormatName:textFormatName]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 1);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumNameForIndex:1], @"TestEnumObjCNameCollision_Foo");
+  textFormatName = [descriptor getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:1];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(textFormatName, @"foo");
+  XCTAssertTrue([descriptor getValue:&value forEnumTextFormatName:textFormatName]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 1);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumNameForIndex:2], @"TestEnumObjCNameCollision_Bar");
+  textFormatName = [descriptor getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:2];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(textFormatName, @"BAR");
+  XCTAssertTrue([descriptor getValue:&value forEnumTextFormatName:textFormatName]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 2);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumNameForIndex:3], @"TestEnumObjCNameCollision_Mumble");
+  textFormatName = [descriptor getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:3];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(textFormatName, @"mumble");
+  XCTAssertTrue([descriptor getValue:&value forEnumTextFormatName:textFormatName]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 2);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([descriptor getEnumNameForIndex:4], @"TestEnumObjCNameCollision_Mumble");
+  textFormatName = [descriptor getEnumTextFormatNameForIndex:4];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(textFormatName, @"MUMBLE");
+  XCTAssertTrue([descriptor getValue:&value forEnumTextFormatName:textFormatName]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 2);
+}
+
+- (void)testEnumValueValidator {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [TestAllTypes descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDescriptor =
+      [descriptor fieldWithName:@"optionalNestedEnum"];
+
+  // Valid values
+  XCTAssertTrue([fieldDescriptor isValidEnumValue:1]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([fieldDescriptor isValidEnumValue:2]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([fieldDescriptor isValidEnumValue:3]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([fieldDescriptor isValidEnumValue:-1]);
+
+  // Invalid values
+  XCTAssertFalse([fieldDescriptor isValidEnumValue:4]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([fieldDescriptor isValidEnumValue:0]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([fieldDescriptor isValidEnumValue:-2]);
+}
+
+- (void)testOneofDescriptor {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [TestOneof2 descriptor];
+
+  // All fields should be listed.
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.fields.count, 17U);
+
+  // There are two oneofs in there.
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.oneofs.count, 2U);
+
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *fooStringField =
+      [descriptor fieldWithNumber:TestOneof2_FieldNumber_FooString];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fooStringField);
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *barStringField =
+      [descriptor fieldWithNumber:TestOneof2_FieldNumber_BarString];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(barStringField);
+
+  // Check the oneofs to have what is expected.
+
+  GPBOneofDescriptor *oneofFoo = [descriptor oneofWithName:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(oneofFoo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(oneofFoo.fields.count, 9U);
+
+  // Pointer comparisons.
+  XCTAssertEqual([oneofFoo fieldWithNumber:TestOneof2_FieldNumber_FooString],
+                 fooStringField);
+  XCTAssertEqual([oneofFoo fieldWithName:@"fooString"], fooStringField);
+
+  GPBOneofDescriptor *oneofBar = [descriptor oneofWithName:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(oneofBar);
+  XCTAssertEqual(oneofBar.fields.count, 6U);
+
+  // Pointer comparisons.
+  XCTAssertEqual([oneofBar fieldWithNumber:TestOneof2_FieldNumber_BarString],
+                 barStringField);
+  XCTAssertEqual([oneofBar fieldWithName:@"barString"], barStringField);
+
+  // Unknown oneof not found.
+
+  XCTAssertNil([descriptor oneofWithName:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertNil([descriptor oneofWithName:@"Foo"]);
+
+  // Unknown oneof item.
+
+  XCTAssertNil([oneofFoo fieldWithName:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertNil([oneofFoo fieldWithNumber:666]);
+
+  // Field exists, but not in this oneof.
+
+  XCTAssertNil([oneofFoo fieldWithName:@"barString"]);
+  XCTAssertNil([oneofFoo fieldWithNumber:TestOneof2_FieldNumber_BarString]);
+  XCTAssertNil([oneofBar fieldWithName:@"fooString"]);
+  XCTAssertNil([oneofBar fieldWithNumber:TestOneof2_FieldNumber_FooString]);
+
+  // Check pointers back to the enclosing oneofs.
+  // (pointer comparisions)
+  XCTAssertEqual(fooStringField.containingOneof, oneofFoo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(barStringField.containingOneof, oneofBar);
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *bazString =
+      [descriptor fieldWithNumber:TestOneof2_FieldNumber_BazString];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(bazString);
+  XCTAssertNil(bazString.containingOneof);
+}
+
+- (void)testExtensiondDescriptor {
+  Class msgClass = [TestAllExtensions class];
+  Class packedMsgClass = [TestPackedExtensions class];
+
+  // Int
+
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *descriptor = [UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(descriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.containingMessageClass, msgClass);  // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertFalse(descriptor.isPackable);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(descriptor.defaultValue, @0);
+  XCTAssertNil(descriptor.enumDescriptor);
+
+  descriptor = [UnittestRoot defaultInt32Extension];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(descriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.containingMessageClass, msgClass);  // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertFalse(descriptor.isPackable);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(descriptor.defaultValue, @41);
+  XCTAssertNil(descriptor.enumDescriptor);
+
+  // Enum
+
+  descriptor = [UnittestRoot optionalNestedEnumExtension];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(descriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.containingMessageClass, msgClass);  // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertFalse(descriptor.isPackable);
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.defaultValue, @1);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(descriptor.enumDescriptor.name, @"TestAllTypes_NestedEnum");
+
+  descriptor = [UnittestRoot defaultNestedEnumExtension];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(descriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.containingMessageClass, msgClass);  // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertFalse(descriptor.isPackable);
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.defaultValue, @2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(descriptor.enumDescriptor.name, @"TestAllTypes_NestedEnum");
+
+  // Message
+
+  descriptor = [UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(descriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.containingMessageClass, msgClass);  // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertFalse(descriptor.isPackable);
+  XCTAssertNil(descriptor.defaultValue);
+  XCTAssertNil(descriptor.enumDescriptor);
+
+  // Repeated Int
+
+  descriptor = [UnittestRoot repeatedInt32Extension];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(descriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.containingMessageClass, msgClass);  // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertFalse(descriptor.isPackable);
+  XCTAssertNil(descriptor.defaultValue);
+  XCTAssertNil(descriptor.enumDescriptor);
+
+  descriptor = [UnittestRoot packedInt32Extension];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(descriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.containingMessageClass, packedMsgClass);  // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertTrue(descriptor.isPackable);
+  XCTAssertNil(descriptor.defaultValue);
+  XCTAssertNil(descriptor.enumDescriptor);
+
+  // Repeated Enum
+
+  descriptor = [UnittestRoot repeatedNestedEnumExtension];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(descriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.containingMessageClass, msgClass);  // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertFalse(descriptor.isPackable);
+  XCTAssertNil(descriptor.defaultValue);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(descriptor.enumDescriptor.name, @"TestAllTypes_NestedEnum");
+
+  descriptor = [UnittestRoot packedEnumExtension];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(descriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.containingMessageClass, packedMsgClass);  // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertTrue(descriptor.isPackable);
+  XCTAssertNil(descriptor.defaultValue);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(descriptor.enumDescriptor.name, @"ForeignEnum");
+
+  // Repeated Message
+
+  descriptor = [UnittestRoot repeatedNestedMessageExtension];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(descriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqual(descriptor.containingMessageClass, msgClass);  // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertFalse(descriptor.isPackable);
+  XCTAssertNil(descriptor.defaultValue);
+  XCTAssertNil(descriptor.enumDescriptor);
+
+  // Compare (used internally for serialization).
+
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *ext1 = [UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension];
+  XCTAssertEqual(ext1.fieldNumber, 1u);
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *ext2 = [UnittestRoot optionalInt64Extension];
+  XCTAssertEqual(ext2.fieldNumber, 2u);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([ext1 compareByFieldNumber:ext2], NSOrderedAscending);
+  XCTAssertEqual([ext2 compareByFieldNumber:ext1], NSOrderedDescending);
+  XCTAssertEqual([ext1 compareByFieldNumber:ext1], NSOrderedSame);
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+Bool.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+Bool.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0af0c815f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+Bool.m
@@ -0,0 +1,2450 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#import <XCTest/XCTest.h>
+
+#import "GPBDictionary.h"
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto2.pbobjc.h"
+
+// Pull in the macros (using an external file because expanding all tests
+// in a single file makes a file that is failing to work with within Xcode.
+//%PDDM-IMPORT-DEFINES GPBDictionaryTests.pddm
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND BOOL_TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(UInt32, uint32_t, 100U, 101U)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> UInt32
+
+@interface GPBBoolUInt32DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBBoolUInt32DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setUInt32:100U forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, YES);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 100U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U };
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  BOOL *seenKeys = malloc(2 * sizeof(BOOL));
+  uint32_t *seenValues = malloc(2 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 2U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 2) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 0) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const BOOL kKeys1[] = { YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const uint32_t kValues1[] = { 100U, 101U };
+  const uint32_t kValues2[] = { 101U, 100U };
+  const uint32_t kValues3[] = { 101U };
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues3
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 Fewer pairs; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U };
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U };
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setUInt32:100U forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { NO };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 101U };
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO};
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U };
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                        forKeys:kKeys
+                                          count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U };
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+
+  [dict setUInt32:101U forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+
+  [dict setUInt32:100U forKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const uint32_t kValues2[] = { 101U, 100U };
+  GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND BOOL_TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(Int32, int32_t, 200, 201)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Int32
+
+@interface GPBBoolInt32DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBBoolInt32DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setInt32:200 forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, YES);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 200);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201 };
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  BOOL *seenKeys = malloc(2 * sizeof(BOOL));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(2 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 2U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 2) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 0) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const BOOL kKeys1[] = { YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 200, 201 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 201, 200 };
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 201 };
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues3
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 Fewer pairs; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201 };
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201 };
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setInt32:200 forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { NO };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 201 };
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO};
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201 };
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                      forKeys:kKeys
+                                        count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201 };
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+
+  [dict setInt32:201 forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+
+  [dict setInt32:200 forKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 201, 200 };
+  GPBBoolInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND BOOL_TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(UInt64, uint64_t, 300U, 301U)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> UInt64
+
+@interface GPBBoolUInt64DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBBoolUInt64DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setUInt64:300U forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, YES);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 300U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U };
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  BOOL *seenKeys = malloc(2 * sizeof(BOOL));
+  uint64_t *seenValues = malloc(2 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 2U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 2) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 0) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const BOOL kKeys1[] = { YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const uint64_t kValues1[] = { 300U, 301U };
+  const uint64_t kValues2[] = { 301U, 300U };
+  const uint64_t kValues3[] = { 301U };
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues3
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 Fewer pairs; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U };
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U };
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setUInt64:300U forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { NO };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 301U };
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO};
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U };
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                        forKeys:kKeys
+                                          count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U };
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+
+  [dict setUInt64:301U forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+
+  [dict setUInt64:300U forKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const uint64_t kValues2[] = { 301U, 300U };
+  GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND BOOL_TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(Int64, int64_t, 400, 401)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Int64
+
+@interface GPBBoolInt64DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBBoolInt64DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setInt64:400 forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, YES);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 400);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401 };
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  BOOL *seenKeys = malloc(2 * sizeof(BOOL));
+  int64_t *seenValues = malloc(2 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 2U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 2) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 0) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const BOOL kKeys1[] = { YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const int64_t kValues1[] = { 400, 401 };
+  const int64_t kValues2[] = { 401, 400 };
+  const int64_t kValues3[] = { 401 };
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues3
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 Fewer pairs; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401 };
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401 };
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setInt64:400 forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { NO };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 401 };
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO};
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401 };
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                      forKeys:kKeys
+                                        count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401 };
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+
+  [dict setInt64:401 forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+
+  [dict setInt64:400 forKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const int64_t kValues2[] = { 401, 400 };
+  GPBBoolInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND BOOL_TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(Bool, BOOL, NO, YES)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Bool
+
+@interface GPBBoolBoolDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBBoolBoolDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setBool:NO forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, YES);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, NO);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { NO, YES };
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                           forKeys:kKeys
+                                             count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  BOOL *seenKeys = malloc(2 * sizeof(BOOL));
+  BOOL *seenValues = malloc(2 * sizeof(BOOL));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 2U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 2) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 0) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const BOOL kKeys1[] = { YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const BOOL kValues1[] = { NO, YES };
+  const BOOL kValues2[] = { YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues3[] = { YES };
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                           forKeys:kKeys1
+                                             count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                           forKeys:kKeys1
+                                             count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues2
+                                           forKeys:kKeys1
+                                             count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                           forKeys:kKeys2
+                                             count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues3
+                                           forKeys:kKeys1
+                                             count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 Fewer pairs; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { NO, YES };
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                           forKeys:kKeys
+                                             count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolBoolDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { NO, YES };
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                           forKeys:kKeys
+                                             count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setBool:NO forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { NO };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES };
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                           forKeys:kKeys
+                                             count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO};
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { NO, YES };
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                    forKeys:kKeys
+                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:NO]);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:NO]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { NO, YES };
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                           forKeys:kKeys
+                                             count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+
+  [dict setBool:NO forKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const BOOL kValues2[] = { YES, NO };
+  GPBBoolBoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues2
+                                           forKeys:kKeys2
+                                             count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND BOOL_TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(Float, float, 500.f, 501.f)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Float
+
+@interface GPBBoolFloatDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBBoolFloatDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setFloat:500.f forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, YES);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 500.f);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f };
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  BOOL *seenKeys = malloc(2 * sizeof(BOOL));
+  float *seenValues = malloc(2 * sizeof(float));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 2U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 2) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 0) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const BOOL kKeys1[] = { YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const float kValues1[] = { 500.f, 501.f };
+  const float kValues2[] = { 501.f, 500.f };
+  const float kValues3[] = { 501.f };
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues3
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 Fewer pairs; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f };
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolFloatDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f };
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setFloat:500.f forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { NO };
+  const float kValues[] = { 501.f };
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO};
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f };
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                      forKeys:kKeys
+                                        count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:NO]);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:NO]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f };
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+
+  [dict setFloat:501.f forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+
+  [dict setFloat:500.f forKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const float kValues2[] = { 501.f, 500.f };
+  GPBBoolFloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND BOOL_TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(Double, double, 600., 601.)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Double
+
+@interface GPBBoolDoubleDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBBoolDoubleDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setDouble:600. forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, YES);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 600.);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601. };
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  BOOL *seenKeys = malloc(2 * sizeof(BOOL));
+  double *seenValues = malloc(2 * sizeof(double));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 2U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 2) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 0) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const BOOL kKeys1[] = { YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const double kValues1[] = { 600., 601. };
+  const double kValues2[] = { 601., 600. };
+  const double kValues3[] = { 601. };
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues3
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 Fewer pairs; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601. };
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601. };
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setDouble:600. forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { NO };
+  const double kValues[] = { 601. };
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO};
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601. };
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                        forKeys:kKeys
+                                          count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:NO]);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:NO]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601. };
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+
+  [dict setDouble:601. forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+
+  [dict setDouble:600. forKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const double kValues2[] = { 601., 600. };
+  GPBBoolDoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:NO]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND TESTS_FOR_BOOL_KEY_OBJECT_VALUE(Object, NSString*, @"abc", @"def")
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+#pragma mark - Bool -> Object
+
+@interface GPBBoolObjectDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBBoolObjectDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:YES]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aObject, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setObject:@"abc" forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:YES], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:NO]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, YES);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(aObject, @"abc");
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def" };
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:YES], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:NO], @"def");
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  BOOL *seenKeys = malloc(2 * sizeof(BOOL));
+  NSString* *seenObjects = malloc(2 * sizeof(NSString*));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 2U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenObjects[idx] = aObject;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 2) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqualObjects(kObjects[i], seenObjects[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenObjects);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(BOOL aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aObject)
+    if (idx == 0) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const BOOL kKeys1[] = { YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const NSString* kObjects1[] = { @"abc", @"def" };
+  const NSString* kObjects2[] = { @"def", @"abc" };
+  const NSString* kObjects3[] = { @"def" };
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict1 =
+      [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict3 =
+      [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict4 =
+      [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects3
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different objects; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same objects; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 Fewer pairs; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def" };
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBBoolObjectDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def" };
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setObject:@"abc" forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { NO };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"def" };
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:YES], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:NO], @"def");
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO};
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def" };
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                        forKeys:kKeys
+                                          count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+
+  [dict removeObjectForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:YES], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:NO]);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeObjectForKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:YES], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:NO]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:YES]);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:NO]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const BOOL kKeys[] = { YES, NO };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def" };
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:YES], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:NO], @"def");
+
+  [dict setObject:@"def" forKey:YES];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:YES], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:NO], @"def");
+
+  [dict setObject:@"abc" forKey:NO];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:YES], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:NO], @"abc");
+
+  const BOOL kKeys2[] = { NO, YES };
+  const NSString* kObjects2[] = { @"def", @"abc" };
+  GPBBoolObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBBoolObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:YES], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:NO], @"def");
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (8 expansions)
+
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+Int32.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+Int32.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ba30203b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+Int32.m
@@ -0,0 +1,3676 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#import <XCTest/XCTest.h>
+
+#import "GPBDictionary.h"
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto2.pbobjc.h"
+
+// Pull in the macros (using an external file because expanding all tests
+// in a single file makes a file that is failing to work with within Xcode.
+//%PDDM-IMPORT-DEFINES GPBDictionaryTests.pddm
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND TEST_FOR_POD_KEY(Int32, int32_t, 11, 12, 13, 14)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+// To let the testing macros work, add some extra methods to simplify things.
+@interface GPBInt32EnumDictionary (TestingTweak)
+- (instancetype)initWithEnums:(const int32_t [])values
+                      forKeys:(const int32_t [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count;
+@end
+
+static BOOL TestingEnum_IsValidValue(int32_t value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 700:
+    case 701:
+    case 702:
+    case 703:
+      return YES;
+    default:
+      return NO;
+  }
+}
+
+@implementation GPBInt32EnumDictionary (TestingTweak)
+- (instancetype)initWithEnums:(const int32_t [])values
+                      forKeys:(const int32_t [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                rawValues:values
+                                  forKeys:keys
+                                    count:count];
+}
+@end
+
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> UInt32
+
+@interface GPBInt32UInt32DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt32UInt32DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setUInt32:100U forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 11);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 100U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13 };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U };
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  uint32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int32_t kKeys1[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 11, 14 };
+  const uint32_t kValues1[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U };
+  const uint32_t kValues2[] = { 100U, 103U, 102U };
+  const uint32_t kValues3[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues3
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setUInt32:100U forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 12, 13, 14 };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict setUInt32:103U forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict setUInt32:101U forKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 13 };
+  const uint32_t kValues2[] = { 102U, 100U };
+  GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Int32
+
+@interface GPBInt32Int32DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt32Int32DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setInt32:200 forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 11);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 200);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202 };
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int32_t kKeys1[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 11, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 200, 201, 202 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 200, 203, 202 };
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues2
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues3
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setInt32:200 forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict setInt32:203 forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict setInt32:201 forKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 13 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 202, 200 };
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues2
+                                              forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> UInt64
+
+@interface GPBInt32UInt64DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt32UInt64DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setUInt64:300U forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 11);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 300U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13 };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U };
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  uint64_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int32_t kKeys1[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 11, 14 };
+  const uint64_t kValues1[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U };
+  const uint64_t kValues2[] = { 300U, 303U, 302U };
+  const uint64_t kValues3[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues3
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setUInt64:300U forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 12, 13, 14 };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict setUInt64:303U forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict setUInt64:301U forKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 13 };
+  const uint64_t kValues2[] = { 302U, 300U };
+  GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Int64
+
+@interface GPBInt32Int64DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt32Int64DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setInt64:400 forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 11);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 400);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13 };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402 };
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  int64_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int32_t kKeys1[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 11, 14 };
+  const int64_t kValues1[] = { 400, 401, 402 };
+  const int64_t kValues2[] = { 400, 403, 402 };
+  const int64_t kValues3[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues2
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues3
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setInt64:400 forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict setInt64:403 forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict setInt64:401 forKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 13 };
+  const int64_t kValues2[] = { 402, 400 };
+  GPBInt32Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues2
+                                              forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Bool
+
+@interface GPBInt32BoolDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt32BoolDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:11]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:12]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 11);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, YES);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13 };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO };
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  BOOL *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(BOOL));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int32_t kKeys1[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 11, 14 };
+  const BOOL kValues1[] = { YES, YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues2[] = { YES, NO, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues3[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues2
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                            forKeys:kKeys2
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues3
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32BoolDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 12, 13, 14 };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:14]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict setBool:NO forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 13 };
+  const BOOL kValues2[] = { NO, YES };
+  GPBInt32BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues2
+                                            forKeys:kKeys2
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Float
+
+@interface GPBInt32FloatDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt32FloatDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:11]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setFloat:500.f forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:12]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 11);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 500.f);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13 };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f };
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  float *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(float));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int32_t kKeys1[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 11, 14 };
+  const float kValues1[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f };
+  const float kValues2[] = { 500.f, 503.f, 502.f };
+  const float kValues3[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues2
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues3
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32FloatDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setFloat:500.f forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 12, 13, 14 };
+  const float kValues[] = { 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:14]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict setFloat:503.f forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict setFloat:501.f forKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 13 };
+  const float kValues2[] = { 502.f, 500.f };
+  GPBInt32FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues2
+                                              forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Double
+
+@interface GPBInt32DoubleDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt32DoubleDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:11]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setDouble:600. forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:12]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 11);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 600.);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13 };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602. };
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  double *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(double));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int32_t kKeys1[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 11, 14 };
+  const double kValues1[] = { 600., 601., 602. };
+  const double kValues2[] = { 600., 603., 602. };
+  const double kValues3[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues3
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setDouble:600. forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 12, 13, 14 };
+  const double kValues[] = { 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:14]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict setDouble:603. forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict setDouble:601. forKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 13 };
+  const double kValues2[] = { 602., 600. };
+  GPBInt32DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Enum
+
+@interface GPBInt32EnumDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt32EnumDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setEnum:700 forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 11);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 700);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702 };
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int32_t kKeys1[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 11, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 700, 701, 702 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 700, 703, 702 };
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues2
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                            forKeys:kKeys2
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues3
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32EnumDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setEnum:700 forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict setEnum:703 forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict setEnum:701 forKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 13 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 702, 700 };
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues2
+                                            forKeys:kKeys2
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Enum (Unknown Enums)
+
+@interface GPBInt32EnumDictionaryUnknownEnumTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt32EnumDictionaryUnknownEnumTests
+
+- (void)testRawBasics {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702 };
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue(dict.validationFunc == TestingEnum_IsValidValue);  // Pointer comparison
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        if (i == 1) {
+          XCTAssertEqual(kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue, seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+        } else {
+          XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEqualityWithUnknowns {
+  const int32_t kKeys1[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 11, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 700, 801, 702 };  // Unknown
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 700, 803, 702 };  // Unknown
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues1
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues1
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues2
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues1
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues3
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyWithUnknowns {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknown
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testUnknownAdds {
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([dict setEnum:801 forKey:12],  // Unknown
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setRawValue:801 forKey:12];  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 702, 803 };  // Unknown
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testUnknownRemove {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutationUnknowns {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([dict setEnum:803 forKey:11],  // Unknown
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict setRawValue:803 forKey:11];  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict setRawValue:700 forKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 13 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 702, 801 };  // Unknown
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues2
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:14]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyUnknowns {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32EnumDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int32 -> Object
+
+@interface GPBInt32ObjectDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt32ObjectDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:11]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aObject, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setObject:@"abc" forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:11], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:12]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 11);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(aObject, @"abc");
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13 };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi" };
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:11], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:12], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:13], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:14]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  NSString* *seenObjects = malloc(3 * sizeof(NSString*));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenObjects[idx] = aObject;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqualObjects(kObjects[i], seenObjects[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenObjects);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(int32_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aObject)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int32_t kKeys1[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 11, 14 };
+  const NSString* kObjects1[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi" };
+  const NSString* kObjects2[] = { @"abc", @"jkl", @"ghi" };
+  const NSString* kObjects3[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects3
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different objects; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same objects; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setObject:@"abc" forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 12, 13, 14 };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:11], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:12], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:13], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:14], @"jkl");
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeObjectForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:11], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:13], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:14], @"jkl");
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeObjectForKey:12];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:11], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:13], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:14], @"jkl");
+
+  [dict removeObjectForKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:11], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:13], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:14]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:11]);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:12]);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:13]);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:14]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int32_t kKeys[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14 };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:11], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:12], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:13], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:14], @"jkl");
+
+  [dict setObject:@"jkl" forKey:11];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:11], @"jkl");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:12], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:13], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:14], @"jkl");
+
+  [dict setObject:@"def" forKey:14];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:11], @"jkl");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:12], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:13], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:14], @"def");
+
+  const int32_t kKeys2[] = { 12, 13 };
+  const NSString* kObjects2[] = { @"ghi", @"abc" };
+  GPBInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:11], @"jkl");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:12], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:13], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:14], @"def");
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END TEST_FOR_POD_KEY(Int32, int32_t, 11, 12, 13, 14)
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+Int64.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+Int64.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..966024b71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+Int64.m
@@ -0,0 +1,3676 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#import <XCTest/XCTest.h>
+
+#import "GPBDictionary.h"
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto2.pbobjc.h"
+
+// Pull in the macros (using an external file because expanding all tests
+// in a single file makes a file that is failing to work with within Xcode.
+//%PDDM-IMPORT-DEFINES GPBDictionaryTests.pddm
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND TEST_FOR_POD_KEY(Int64, int64_t, 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+// To let the testing macros work, add some extra methods to simplify things.
+@interface GPBInt64EnumDictionary (TestingTweak)
+- (instancetype)initWithEnums:(const int32_t [])values
+                      forKeys:(const int64_t [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count;
+@end
+
+static BOOL TestingEnum_IsValidValue(int32_t value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 700:
+    case 701:
+    case 702:
+    case 703:
+      return YES;
+    default:
+      return NO;
+  }
+}
+
+@implementation GPBInt64EnumDictionary (TestingTweak)
+- (instancetype)initWithEnums:(const int32_t [])values
+                      forKeys:(const int64_t [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                rawValues:values
+                                  forKeys:keys
+                                    count:count];
+}
+@end
+
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> UInt32
+
+@interface GPBInt64UInt32DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt64UInt32DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setUInt32:100U forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 21LL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 100U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U };
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  uint32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int64_t kKeys1[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 21LL, 24LL };
+  const uint32_t kValues1[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U };
+  const uint32_t kValues2[] = { 100U, 103U, 102U };
+  const uint32_t kValues3[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues3
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setUInt32:100U forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict setUInt32:103U forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict setUInt32:101U forKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 23LL };
+  const uint32_t kValues2[] = { 102U, 100U };
+  GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Int32
+
+@interface GPBInt64Int32DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt64Int32DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setInt32:200 forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 21LL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 200);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202 };
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int64_t kKeys1[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 21LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 200, 201, 202 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 200, 203, 202 };
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues2
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues3
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setInt32:200 forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict setInt32:203 forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict setInt32:201 forKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 23LL };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 202, 200 };
+  GPBInt64Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues2
+                                              forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> UInt64
+
+@interface GPBInt64UInt64DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt64UInt64DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setUInt64:300U forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 21LL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 300U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U };
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  uint64_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int64_t kKeys1[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 21LL, 24LL };
+  const uint64_t kValues1[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U };
+  const uint64_t kValues2[] = { 300U, 303U, 302U };
+  const uint64_t kValues3[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues3
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setUInt64:300U forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict setUInt64:303U forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict setUInt64:301U forKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 23LL };
+  const uint64_t kValues2[] = { 302U, 300U };
+  GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Int64
+
+@interface GPBInt64Int64DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt64Int64DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setInt64:400 forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 21LL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 400);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402 };
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  int64_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int64_t kKeys1[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 21LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kValues1[] = { 400, 401, 402 };
+  const int64_t kValues2[] = { 400, 403, 402 };
+  const int64_t kValues3[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues2
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues3
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setInt64:400 forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict setInt64:403 forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict setInt64:401 forKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 23LL };
+  const int64_t kValues2[] = { 402, 400 };
+  GPBInt64Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues2
+                                              forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Bool
+
+@interface GPBInt64BoolDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt64BoolDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 21LL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, YES);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO };
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  BOOL *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(BOOL));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int64_t kKeys1[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 21LL, 24LL };
+  const BOOL kValues1[] = { YES, YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues2[] = { YES, NO, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues3[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues2
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                            forKeys:kKeys2
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues3
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64BoolDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict setBool:NO forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 23LL };
+  const BOOL kValues2[] = { NO, YES };
+  GPBInt64BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues2
+                                            forKeys:kKeys2
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Float
+
+@interface GPBInt64FloatDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt64FloatDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setFloat:500.f forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 21LL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 500.f);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f };
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  float *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(float));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int64_t kKeys1[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 21LL, 24LL };
+  const float kValues1[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f };
+  const float kValues2[] = { 500.f, 503.f, 502.f };
+  const float kValues3[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues2
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                              forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues3
+                                              forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64FloatDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setFloat:500.f forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const float kValues[] = { 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict setFloat:503.f forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict setFloat:501.f forKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 23LL };
+  const float kValues2[] = { 502.f, 500.f };
+  GPBInt64FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues2
+                                              forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Double
+
+@interface GPBInt64DoubleDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt64DoubleDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setDouble:600. forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 21LL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 600.);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602. };
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  double *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(double));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int64_t kKeys1[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 21LL, 24LL };
+  const double kValues1[] = { 600., 601., 602. };
+  const double kValues2[] = { 600., 603., 602. };
+  const double kValues3[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues3
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setDouble:600. forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const double kValues[] = { 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict setDouble:603. forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict setDouble:601. forKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 23LL };
+  const double kValues2[] = { 602., 600. };
+  GPBInt64DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Enum
+
+@interface GPBInt64EnumDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt64EnumDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setEnum:700 forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 21LL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 700);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702 };
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int64_t kKeys1[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 21LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 700, 701, 702 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 700, 703, 702 };
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues2
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                            forKeys:kKeys2
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues3
+                                            forKeys:kKeys1
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64EnumDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setEnum:700 forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                            forKeys:kKeys
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict setEnum:703 forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict setEnum:701 forKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 23LL };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 702, 700 };
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues2
+                                            forKeys:kKeys2
+                                              count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Enum (Unknown Enums)
+
+@interface GPBInt64EnumDictionaryUnknownEnumTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt64EnumDictionaryUnknownEnumTests
+
+- (void)testRawBasics {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702 };
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue(dict.validationFunc == TestingEnum_IsValidValue);  // Pointer comparison
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        if (i == 1) {
+          XCTAssertEqual(kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue, seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+        } else {
+          XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEqualityWithUnknowns {
+  const int64_t kKeys1[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 21LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 700, 801, 702 };  // Unknown
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 700, 803, 702 };  // Unknown
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues1
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues1
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues2
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues1
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues3
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyWithUnknowns {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknown
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testUnknownAdds {
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([dict setEnum:801 forKey:22LL],  // Unknown
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setRawValue:801 forKey:22LL];  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 702, 803 };  // Unknown
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                              forKeys:kKeys
+                                                count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testUnknownRemove {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutationUnknowns {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([dict setEnum:803 forKey:21LL],  // Unknown
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict setRawValue:803 forKey:21LL];  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict setRawValue:700 forKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 23LL };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 702, 801 };  // Unknown
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues2
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:24LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyUnknowns {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                       rawValues:kValues
+                                                         forKeys:kKeys
+                                                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64EnumDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - Int64 -> Object
+
+@interface GPBInt64ObjectDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBInt64ObjectDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:21LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aObject, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setObject:@"abc" forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:21LL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:22LL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 21LL);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(aObject, @"abc");
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi" };
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:21LL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:22LL], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:23LL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:24LL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  int64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  NSString* *seenObjects = malloc(3 * sizeof(NSString*));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenObjects[idx] = aObject;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqualObjects(kObjects[i], seenObjects[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenObjects);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(int64_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aObject)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const int64_t kKeys1[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 21LL, 24LL };
+  const NSString* kObjects1[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi" };
+  const NSString* kObjects2[] = { @"abc", @"jkl", @"ghi" };
+  const NSString* kObjects3[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict1 =
+      [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict3 =
+      [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict4 =
+      [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects3
+                                                forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different objects; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same objects; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setObject:@"abc" forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:21LL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:22LL], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:23LL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:24LL], @"jkl");
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeObjectForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:21LL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:23LL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:24LL], @"jkl");
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeObjectForKey:22LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:21LL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:23LL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:24LL], @"jkl");
+
+  [dict removeObjectForKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:21LL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:23LL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:24LL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:21LL]);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:22LL]);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:23LL]);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:24LL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const int64_t kKeys[] = { 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                forKeys:kKeys
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:21LL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:22LL], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:23LL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:24LL], @"jkl");
+
+  [dict setObject:@"jkl" forKey:21LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:21LL], @"jkl");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:22LL], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:23LL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:24LL], @"jkl");
+
+  [dict setObject:@"def" forKey:24LL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:21LL], @"jkl");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:22LL], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:23LL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:24LL], @"def");
+
+  const int64_t kKeys2[] = { 22LL, 23LL };
+  const NSString* kObjects2[] = { @"ghi", @"abc" };
+  GPBInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects2
+                                                forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                  count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:21LL], @"jkl");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:22LL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:23LL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:24LL], @"def");
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END TEST_FOR_POD_KEY(Int64, int64_t, 21LL, 22LL, 23LL, 24LL)
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+String.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+String.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82d7952b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+String.m
@@ -0,0 +1,3384 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#import <XCTest/XCTest.h>
+
+#import "GPBDictionary.h"
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto2.pbobjc.h"
+
+// Pull in the macros (using an external file because expanding all tests
+// in a single file makes a file that is failing to work with within Xcode.
+//%PDDM-IMPORT-DEFINES GPBDictionaryTests.pddm
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUES(String, NSString, *, Objects, @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble")
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+// To let the testing macros work, add some extra methods to simplify things.
+@interface GPBStringEnumDictionary (TestingTweak)
+- (instancetype)initWithEnums:(const int32_t [])values
+                      forKeys:(const NSString * [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count;
+@end
+
+static BOOL TestingEnum_IsValidValue(int32_t value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 700:
+    case 701:
+    case 702:
+    case 703:
+      return YES;
+    default:
+      return NO;
+  }
+}
+
+@implementation GPBStringEnumDictionary (TestingTweak)
+- (instancetype)initWithEnums:(const int32_t [])values
+                      forKeys:(const NSString * [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                rawValues:values
+                                  forKeys:keys
+                                    count:count];
+}
+@end
+
+
+#pragma mark - String -> UInt32
+
+@interface GPBStringUInt32DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBStringUInt32DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setUInt32:100U forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(aKey, @"foo");
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 100U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U };
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  NSString **seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(NSString*));
+  uint32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if ([kKeys[i] isEqual:seenKeys[j]]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const NSString *kKeys1[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"foo", @"mumble" };
+  const uint32_t kValues1[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U };
+  const uint32_t kValues2[] = { 100U, 103U, 102U };
+  const uint32_t kValues3[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues3
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setUInt32:100U forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict setUInt32:103U forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict setUInt32:101U forKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const uint32_t kValues2[] = { 102U, 100U };
+  GPBStringUInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringUInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Int32
+
+@interface GPBStringInt32DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBStringInt32DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setInt32:200 forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(aKey, @"foo");
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 200);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202 };
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  NSString **seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(NSString*));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if ([kKeys[i] isEqual:seenKeys[j]]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const NSString *kKeys1[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"foo", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 200, 201, 202 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 200, 203, 202 };
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues3
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBStringInt32Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setInt32:200 forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict setInt32:203 forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict setInt32:201 forKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 202, 200 };
+  GPBStringInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> UInt64
+
+@interface GPBStringUInt64DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBStringUInt64DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setUInt64:300U forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(aKey, @"foo");
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 300U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U };
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  NSString **seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(NSString*));
+  uint64_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if ([kKeys[i] isEqual:seenKeys[j]]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const NSString *kKeys1[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"foo", @"mumble" };
+  const uint64_t kValues1[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U };
+  const uint64_t kValues2[] = { 300U, 303U, 302U };
+  const uint64_t kValues3[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues3
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setUInt64:300U forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict setUInt64:303U forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict setUInt64:301U forKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const uint64_t kValues2[] = { 302U, 300U };
+  GPBStringUInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringUInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Int64
+
+@interface GPBStringInt64DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBStringInt64DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setInt64:400 forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(aKey, @"foo");
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 400);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402 };
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  NSString **seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(NSString*));
+  int64_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if ([kKeys[i] isEqual:seenKeys[j]]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const NSString *kKeys1[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"foo", @"mumble" };
+  const int64_t kValues1[] = { 400, 401, 402 };
+  const int64_t kValues2[] = { 400, 403, 402 };
+  const int64_t kValues3[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues3
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBStringInt64Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setInt64:400 forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict setInt64:403 forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict setInt64:401 forKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const int64_t kValues2[] = { 402, 400 };
+  GPBStringInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Bool
+
+@interface GPBStringBoolDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBStringBoolDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(aKey, @"foo");
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, YES);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO };
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  NSString **seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(NSString*));
+  BOOL *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(BOOL));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if ([kKeys[i] isEqual:seenKeys[j]]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const NSString *kKeys1[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"foo", @"mumble" };
+  const BOOL kValues1[] = { YES, YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues2[] = { YES, NO, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues3[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues3
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBStringBoolDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict setBool:NO forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const BOOL kValues2[] = { NO, YES };
+  GPBStringBoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringBoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Float
+
+@interface GPBStringFloatDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBStringFloatDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setFloat:500.f forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(aKey, @"foo");
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 500.f);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f };
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  NSString **seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(NSString*));
+  float *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(float));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if ([kKeys[i] isEqual:seenKeys[j]]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const NSString *kKeys1[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"foo", @"mumble" };
+  const float kValues1[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f };
+  const float kValues2[] = { 500.f, 503.f, 502.f };
+  const float kValues3[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues3
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBStringFloatDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setFloat:500.f forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const float kValues[] = { 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict setFloat:503.f forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict setFloat:501.f forKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const float kValues2[] = { 502.f, 500.f };
+  GPBStringFloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringFloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Double
+
+@interface GPBStringDoubleDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBStringDoubleDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setDouble:600. forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(aKey, @"foo");
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 600.);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602. };
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  NSString **seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(NSString*));
+  double *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(double));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if ([kKeys[i] isEqual:seenKeys[j]]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const NSString *kKeys1[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"foo", @"mumble" };
+  const double kValues1[] = { 600., 601., 602. };
+  const double kValues2[] = { 600., 603., 602. };
+  const double kValues3[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues3
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBStringDoubleDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setDouble:600. forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const double kValues[] = { 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict setDouble:603. forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict setDouble:601. forKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const double kValues2[] = { 602., 600. };
+  GPBStringDoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringDoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Enum
+
+@interface GPBStringEnumDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBStringEnumDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setEnum:700 forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(aKey, @"foo");
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 700);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702 };
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  NSString **seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(NSString*));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if ([kKeys[i] isEqual:seenKeys[j]]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const NSString *kKeys1[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"foo", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 700, 701, 702 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 700, 703, 702 };
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues3
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBStringEnumDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setEnum:700 forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict setEnum:703 forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict setEnum:701 forKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 702, 700 };
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - String -> Enum (Unknown Enums)
+
+@interface GPBStringEnumDictionaryUnknownEnumTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBStringEnumDictionaryUnknownEnumTests
+
+- (void)testRawBasics {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702 };
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue(dict.validationFunc == TestingEnum_IsValidValue);  // Pointer comparison
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  NSString **seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(NSString*));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if ([kKeys[i] isEqual:seenKeys[j]]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        if (i == 1) {
+          XCTAssertEqual(kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue, seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+        } else {
+          XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if ([kKeys[i] isEqual:seenKeys[j]]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(NSString *aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEqualityWithUnknowns {
+  const NSString *kKeys1[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"foo", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 700, 801, 702 };  // Unknown
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 700, 803, 702 };  // Unknown
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues1
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues1
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues2
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues1
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues3
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyWithUnknowns {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknown
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testUnknownAdds {
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([dict setEnum:801 forKey:@"bar"],  // Unknown
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setRawValue:801 forKey:@"bar"];  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 702, 803 };  // Unknown
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testUnknownRemove {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutationUnknowns {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([dict setEnum:803 forKey:@"foo"],  // Unknown
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict setRawValue:803 forKey:@"foo"];  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict setRawValue:700 forKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+
+  const NSString *kKeys2[] = { @"bar", @"baz" };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 702, 801 };  // Unknown
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues2
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"foo"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"bar"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:@"mumble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyUnknowns {
+  const NSString *kKeys[] = { @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble" };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBStringEnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBStringEnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBStringEnumDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUES(String, NSString, *, Objects, @"foo", @"bar", @"baz", @"mumble")
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+UInt32.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+UInt32.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5314c58aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+UInt32.m
@@ -0,0 +1,3676 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#import <XCTest/XCTest.h>
+
+#import "GPBDictionary.h"
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto2.pbobjc.h"
+
+// Pull in the macros (using an external file because expanding all tests
+// in a single file makes a file that is failing to work with within Xcode.
+//%PDDM-IMPORT-DEFINES GPBDictionaryTests.pddm
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND TEST_FOR_POD_KEY(UInt32, uint32_t, 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+// To let the testing macros work, add some extra methods to simplify things.
+@interface GPBUInt32EnumDictionary (TestingTweak)
+- (instancetype)initWithEnums:(const int32_t [])values
+                      forKeys:(const uint32_t [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count;
+@end
+
+static BOOL TestingEnum_IsValidValue(int32_t value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 700:
+    case 701:
+    case 702:
+    case 703:
+      return YES;
+    default:
+      return NO;
+  }
+}
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32EnumDictionary (TestingTweak)
+- (instancetype)initWithEnums:(const int32_t [])values
+                      forKeys:(const uint32_t [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                rawValues:values
+                                  forKeys:keys
+                                    count:count];
+}
+@end
+
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> UInt32
+
+@interface GPBUInt32UInt32DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32UInt32DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setUInt32:100U forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 1U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 100U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  uint32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint32_t kKeys1[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 1U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kValues1[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U };
+  const uint32_t kValues2[] = { 100U, 103U, 102U };
+  const uint32_t kValues3[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues3
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setUInt32:100U forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict setUInt32:103U forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict setUInt32:101U forKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 3U };
+  const uint32_t kValues2[] = { 102U, 100U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Int32
+
+@interface GPBUInt32Int32DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32Int32DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setInt32:200 forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 1U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 200);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202 };
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint32_t kKeys1[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 1U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 200, 201, 202 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 200, 203, 202 };
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues3
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setInt32:200 forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict setInt32:203 forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict setInt32:201 forKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 3U };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 202, 200 };
+  GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> UInt64
+
+@interface GPBUInt32UInt64DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32UInt64DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setUInt64:300U forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 1U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 300U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  uint64_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint32_t kKeys1[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 1U, 4U };
+  const uint64_t kValues1[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U };
+  const uint64_t kValues2[] = { 300U, 303U, 302U };
+  const uint64_t kValues3[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues3
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setUInt64:300U forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict setUInt64:303U forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict setUInt64:301U forKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 3U };
+  const uint64_t kValues2[] = { 302U, 300U };
+  GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Int64
+
+@interface GPBUInt32Int64DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32Int64DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setInt64:400 forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 1U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 400);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402 };
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  int64_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint32_t kKeys1[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 1U, 4U };
+  const int64_t kValues1[] = { 400, 401, 402 };
+  const int64_t kValues2[] = { 400, 403, 402 };
+  const int64_t kValues3[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues3
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setInt64:400 forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict setInt64:403 forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict setInt64:401 forKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 3U };
+  const int64_t kValues2[] = { 402, 400 };
+  GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Bool
+
+@interface GPBUInt32BoolDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32BoolDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 1U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, YES);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO };
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  BOOL *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(BOOL));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint32_t kKeys1[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 1U, 4U };
+  const BOOL kValues1[] = { YES, YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues2[] = { YES, NO, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues3[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues3
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict setBool:NO forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 3U };
+  const BOOL kValues2[] = { NO, YES };
+  GPBUInt32BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Float
+
+@interface GPBUInt32FloatDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32FloatDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setFloat:500.f forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 1U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 500.f);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f };
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  float *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(float));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint32_t kKeys1[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 1U, 4U };
+  const float kValues1[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f };
+  const float kValues2[] = { 500.f, 503.f, 502.f };
+  const float kValues3[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues3
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setFloat:500.f forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const float kValues[] = { 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict setFloat:503.f forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict setFloat:501.f forKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 3U };
+  const float kValues2[] = { 502.f, 500.f };
+  GPBUInt32FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Double
+
+@interface GPBUInt32DoubleDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32DoubleDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setDouble:600. forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 1U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 600.);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602. };
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  double *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(double));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint32_t kKeys1[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 1U, 4U };
+  const double kValues1[] = { 600., 601., 602. };
+  const double kValues2[] = { 600., 603., 602. };
+  const double kValues3[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues3
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setDouble:600. forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const double kValues[] = { 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict setDouble:603. forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict setDouble:601. forKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 3U };
+  const double kValues2[] = { 602., 600. };
+  GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Enum
+
+@interface GPBUInt32EnumDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32EnumDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setEnum:700 forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 1U);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 700);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702 };
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint32_t kKeys1[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 1U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 700, 701, 702 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 700, 703, 702 };
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues3
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setEnum:700 forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict setEnum:703 forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict setEnum:701 forKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 3U };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 702, 700 };
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Enum (Unknown Enums)
+
+@interface GPBUInt32EnumDictionaryUnknownEnumTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32EnumDictionaryUnknownEnumTests
+
+- (void)testRawBasics {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702 };
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue(dict.validationFunc == TestingEnum_IsValidValue);  // Pointer comparison
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        if (i == 1) {
+          XCTAssertEqual(kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue, seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+        } else {
+          XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEqualityWithUnknowns {
+  const uint32_t kKeys1[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 1U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 700, 801, 702 };  // Unknown
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 700, 803, 702 };  // Unknown
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues1
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues1
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues2
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues1
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues3
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyWithUnknowns {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknown
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testUnknownAdds {
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([dict setEnum:801 forKey:2U],  // Unknown
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setRawValue:801 forKey:2U];  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 702, 803 };  // Unknown
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testUnknownRemove {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutationUnknowns {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([dict setEnum:803 forKey:1U],  // Unknown
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict setRawValue:803 forKey:1U];  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict setRawValue:700 forKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 3U };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 702, 801 };  // Unknown
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues2
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:4U]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyUnknowns {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32EnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32EnumDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt32 -> Object
+
+@interface GPBUInt32ObjectDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32ObjectDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:1U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aObject, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setObject:@"abc" forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:1U], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:2U]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 1U);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(aObject, @"abc");
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi" };
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:1U], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:2U], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:3U], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:4U]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint32_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  NSString* *seenObjects = malloc(3 * sizeof(NSString*));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenObjects[idx] = aObject;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqualObjects(kObjects[i], seenObjects[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenObjects);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(uint32_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aObject)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint32_t kKeys1[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 1U, 4U };
+  const NSString* kObjects1[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi" };
+  const NSString* kObjects2[] = { @"abc", @"jkl", @"ghi" };
+  const NSString* kObjects3[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects3
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different objects; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same objects; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setObject:@"abc" forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:1U], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:2U], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:3U], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:4U], @"jkl");
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeObjectForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:1U], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:3U], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:4U], @"jkl");
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeObjectForKey:2U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:1U], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:3U], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:4U], @"jkl");
+
+  [dict removeObjectForKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:1U], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:3U], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:4U]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:1U]);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:2U]);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:3U]);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:4U]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint32_t kKeys[] = { 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:1U], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:2U], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:3U], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:4U], @"jkl");
+
+  [dict setObject:@"jkl" forKey:1U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:1U], @"jkl");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:2U], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:3U], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:4U], @"jkl");
+
+  [dict setObject:@"def" forKey:4U];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:1U], @"jkl");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:2U], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:3U], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:4U], @"def");
+
+  const uint32_t kKeys2[] = { 2U, 3U };
+  const NSString* kObjects2[] = { @"ghi", @"abc" };
+  GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt32ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:1U], @"jkl");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:2U], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:3U], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:4U], @"def");
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END TEST_FOR_POD_KEY(UInt32, uint32_t, 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U)
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+UInt64.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+UInt64.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ccd063f5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests+UInt64.m
@@ -0,0 +1,3675 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#import <XCTest/XCTest.h>
+
+#import "GPBDictionary.h"
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto2.pbobjc.h"
+
+// Pull in the macros (using an external file because expanding all tests
+// in a single file makes a file that is failing to work with within Xcode.
+//%PDDM-IMPORT-DEFINES GPBDictionaryTests.pddm
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND TEST_FOR_POD_KEY(UInt64, uint64_t, 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+// To let the testing macros work, add some extra methods to simplify things.
+@interface GPBUInt64EnumDictionary (TestingTweak)
+- (instancetype)initWithEnums:(const int32_t [])values
+                      forKeys:(const uint64_t [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count;
+@end
+
+static BOOL TestingEnum_IsValidValue(int32_t value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 700:
+    case 701:
+    case 702:
+    case 703:
+      return YES;
+    default:
+      return NO;
+  }
+}
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64EnumDictionary (TestingTweak)
+- (instancetype)initWithEnums:(const int32_t [])values
+                      forKeys:(const uint64_t [])keys
+                        count:(NSUInteger)count {
+  return [self initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                rawValues:values
+                                  forKeys:keys
+                                    count:count];
+}
+@end
+
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> UInt32
+
+@interface GPBUInt64UInt32DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64UInt32DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setUInt32:100U forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 31ULL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 100U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  uint32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, uint32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint64_t kKeys1[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 31ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint32_t kValues1[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U };
+  const uint32_t kValues2[] = { 100U, 103U, 102U };
+  const uint32_t kValues3[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues3
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setUInt32:100U forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt32ForKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint32_t kValues[] = { 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  uint32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict setUInt32:103U forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+
+  [dict setUInt32:101U forKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const uint32_t kValues2[] = { 102U, 100U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt32Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt32s:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 103U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 102U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 100U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt32:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 101U);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Int32
+
+@interface GPBUInt64Int32DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64Int32DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setInt32:200 forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 31ULL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 200);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202 };
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt32sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint64_t kKeys1[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 31ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 200, 201, 202 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 200, 203, 202 };
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues3
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setInt32:200 forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict removeInt32ForKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 200, 201, 202, 203 };
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict setInt32:203 forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+
+  [dict setInt32:201 forKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 202, 200 };
+  GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int32Dictionary alloc] initWithInt32s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 203);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 202);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 200);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt32:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 201);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> UInt64
+
+@interface GPBUInt64UInt64DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64UInt64DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setUInt64:300U forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 31ULL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 300U);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  uint64_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndUInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, uint64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint64_t kKeys1[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 31ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kValues1[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U };
+  const uint64_t kValues2[] = { 300U, 303U, 302U };
+  const uint64_t kValues3[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues3
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setUInt64:300U forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict removeUInt64ForKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kValues[] = { 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  uint64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict setUInt64:303U forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+
+  [dict setUInt64:301U forKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const uint64_t kValues2[] = { 302U, 300U };
+  GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64UInt64Dictionary alloc] initWithUInt64s:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 303U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 302U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 300U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getUInt64:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 301U);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Int64
+
+@interface GPBUInt64Int64DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64Int64DictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setInt64:400 forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 31ULL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 400);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402 };
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  int64_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int64_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndInt64sUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int64_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint64_t kKeys1[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 31ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int64_t kValues1[] = { 400, 401, 402 };
+  const int64_t kValues2[] = { 400, 403, 402 };
+  const int64_t kValues3[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues3
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setInt64:400 forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict removeInt64ForKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int64_t kValues[] = { 400, 401, 402, 403 };
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int64_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict setInt64:403 forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+
+  [dict setInt64:401 forKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const int64_t kValues2[] = { 402, 400 };
+  GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64Int64Dictionary alloc] initWithInt64s:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 403);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 402);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 400);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getInt64:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 401);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Bool
+
+@interface GPBUInt64BoolDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64BoolDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 31ULL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, YES);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO };
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  BOOL *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(BOOL));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndBoolsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, BOOL aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint64_t kKeys1[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 31ULL, 34ULL };
+  const BOOL kValues1[] = { YES, YES, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues2[] = { YES, NO, NO };
+  const BOOL kValues3[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues3
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict removeBoolForKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getBool:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const BOOL kValues[] = { YES, YES, NO, NO };
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  BOOL value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict setBool:NO forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+
+  [dict setBool:YES forKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const BOOL kValues2[] = { NO, YES };
+  GPBUInt64BoolDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64BoolDictionary alloc] initWithBools:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, NO);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getBool:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, YES);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Float
+
+@interface GPBUInt64FloatDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64FloatDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setFloat:500.f forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 31ULL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 500.f);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f };
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  float *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(float));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndFloatsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, float aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint64_t kKeys1[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 31ULL, 34ULL };
+  const float kValues1[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f };
+  const float kValues2[] = { 500.f, 503.f, 502.f };
+  const float kValues3[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues1
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues3
+                                               forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setFloat:500.f forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const float kValues[] = { 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict removeFloatForKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const float kValues[] = { 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f };
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  float value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict setFloat:503.f forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+
+  [dict setFloat:501.f forKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const float kValues2[] = { 502.f, 500.f };
+  GPBUInt64FloatDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64FloatDictionary alloc] initWithFloats:kValues2
+                                               forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 503.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 502.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 500.f);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getFloat:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 501.f);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Double
+
+@interface GPBUInt64DoubleDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64DoubleDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setDouble:600. forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 31ULL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 600.);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602. };
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  double *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(double));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndDoublesUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, double aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint64_t kKeys1[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 31ULL, 34ULL };
+  const double kValues1[] = { 600., 601., 602. };
+  const double kValues2[] = { 600., 603., 602. };
+  const double kValues3[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues3
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setDouble:600. forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const double kValues[] = { 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict removeDoubleForKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const double kValues[] = { 600., 601., 602., 603. };
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  double value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict setDouble:603. forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+
+  [dict setDouble:601. forKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const double kValues2[] = { 602., 600. };
+  GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64DoubleDictionary alloc] initWithDoubles:kValues2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 603.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 602.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 600.);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getDouble:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 601.);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Enum
+
+@interface GPBUInt64EnumDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64EnumDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setEnum:700 forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 31ULL);
+    XCTAssertEqual(aValue, 700);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702 };
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint64_t kKeys1[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 31ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 700, 701, 702 };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 700, 703, 702 };
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues1
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues3
+                                             forKeys:kKeys1
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict = [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setEnum:700 forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 701, 702, 703 };
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                             forKeys:kKeys
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict setEnum:703 forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+
+  [dict setEnum:701 forKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 702, 700 };
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues2
+                                             forKeys:kKeys2
+                                               count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 703);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 701);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Enum (Unknown Enums)
+
+@interface GPBUInt64EnumDictionaryUnknownEnumTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64EnumDictionaryUnknownEnumTests
+
+- (void)testRawBasics {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702 };
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue(dict.validationFunc == TestingEnum_IsValidValue);  // Pointer comparison
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  int32_t *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(int32_t));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        if (i == 1) {
+          XCTAssertEqual(kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue, seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+        } else {
+          XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqual(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenValues);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, int32_t aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEqualityWithUnknowns {
+  const uint64_t kKeys1[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 31ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues1[] = { 700, 801, 702 };  // Unknown
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 700, 803, 702 };  // Unknown
+  const int32_t kValues3[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues1
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues1
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues2
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues1
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues3
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyWithUnknowns {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknown
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testUnknownAdds {
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([dict setEnum:801 forKey:32ULL],  // Unknown
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setRawValue:801 forKey:32ULL];  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 702, 803 };  // Unknown
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+                                               forKeys:kKeys
+                                                 count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testUnknownRemove {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict removeEnumForKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutationUnknowns {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };  // Unknowns
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  int32_t value;
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([dict setEnum:803 forKey:31ULL],  // Unknown
+                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict setRawValue:803 forKey:31ULL];  // Unknown
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+
+  [dict setRawValue:700 forKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues2[] = { 702, 801 };  // Unknown
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues2
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 803);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 702);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:NULL forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getRawValue:&value forKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 801);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:NULL forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict getEnum:&value forKey:34ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(value, 700);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyUnknowns {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const int32_t kValues[] = { 700, 801, 702, 803 };
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+                                                        rawValues:kValues
+                                                          forKeys:kKeys
+                                                            count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64EnumDictionary *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64EnumDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - UInt64 -> Object
+
+@interface GPBUInt64ObjectDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64ObjectDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEmpty {
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:31ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aObject, stop)
+    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testOne {
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  [dict setObject:@"abc" forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:31ULL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:32ULL]);
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertEqual(aKey, 31ULL);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(aObject, @"abc");
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi" };
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:31ULL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:32ULL], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:33ULL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:34ULL]);
+
+  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+  uint64_t *seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  NSString* *seenObjects = malloc(3 * sizeof(NSString*));
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+    seenObjects[idx] = aObject;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+      if (kKeys[i] == seenKeys[j]) {
+        foundKey = YES;
+        XCTAssertEqualObjects(kObjects[i], seenObjects[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+  }
+  free(seenKeys);
+  free(seenObjects);
+
+  // Stopping the enumeration.
+  idx = 0;
+  [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(uint64_t aKey, NSString* aObject, BOOL *stop) {
+    #pragma unused(aKey, aObject)
+    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+    ++idx;
+  }];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  const uint64_t kKeys1[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 31ULL, 34ULL };
+  const NSString* kObjects1[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi" };
+  const NSString* kObjects2[] = { @"abc", @"jkl", @"ghi" };
+  const NSString* kObjects3[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict1 =
+      [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict1prime =
+      [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict3 =
+      [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects1
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects1)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict4 =
+      [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects3
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys1
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects3)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+
+  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+
+  // 2 is same keys, different objects; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+
+  // 3 is different keys, same objects; not equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+
+  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+
+  [dict1 release];
+  [dict1prime release];
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict3 release];
+  [dict4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 = [dict copy];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new object but equal.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary class]]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+
+  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAdds {
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict = [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  [dict setObject:@"abc" forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:31ULL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:32ULL], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:33ULL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:34ULL], @"jkl");
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRemove {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+
+  [dict removeObjectForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:31ULL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:33ULL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:34ULL], @"jkl");
+
+  // Remove again does nothing.
+  [dict removeObjectForKey:32ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:31ULL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:33ULL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:34ULL], @"jkl");
+
+  [dict removeObjectForKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:31ULL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:33ULL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:34ULL]);
+
+  [dict removeAll];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:31ULL]);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:32ULL]);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:33ULL]);
+  XCTAssertNil([dict objectForKey:34ULL]);
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+  const uint64_t kKeys[] = { 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL };
+  const NSString* kObjects[] = { @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl" };
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict =
+      [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:31ULL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:32ULL], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:33ULL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:34ULL], @"jkl");
+
+  [dict setObject:@"jkl" forKey:31ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:31ULL], @"jkl");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:32ULL], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:33ULL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:34ULL], @"jkl");
+
+  [dict setObject:@"def" forKey:34ULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:31ULL], @"jkl");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:32ULL], @"def");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:33ULL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:34ULL], @"def");
+
+  const uint64_t kKeys2[] = { 32ULL, 33ULL };
+  const NSString* kObjects2[] = { @"ghi", @"abc" };
+  GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary<NSString*> *dict2 =
+      [[GPBUInt64ObjectDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:kObjects2
+                                                 forKeys:kKeys2
+                                                   count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kObjects2)];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:31ULL], @"jkl");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:32ULL], @"ghi");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:33ULL], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([dict objectForKey:34ULL], @"def");
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+@end
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END TEST_FOR_POD_KEY(UInt64, uint64_t, 31ULL, 32ULL, 33ULL, 34ULL)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52b4b3280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests.m
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#import <XCTest/XCTest.h>
+
+#import "GPBDictionary.h"
+#import "GPBDictionary_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+#pragma mark - GPBAutocreatedDictionary Tests
+
+// These are hand written tests to double check some behaviors of the
+// GPBAutocreatedDictionary.  The GPBDictionary+[type]Tests files are generate
+// tests.
+
+// NOTE: GPBAutocreatedDictionary is private to the library, users of the
+// library should never have to directly deal with this class.
+
+@interface GPBAutocreatedDictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBAutocreatedDictionaryTests
+
+- (void)testEquality {
+  GPBAutocreatedDictionary *dict = [[GPBAutocreatedDictionary alloc] init];
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict isEqual:@{}]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict isEqualToDictionary:@{}]);
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict isEqual:@{ @"foo" : @"bar" }]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict isEqualToDictionary:@{ @"foo" : @"bar" }]);
+
+  [dict setObject:@"bar" forKey:@"foo"];
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict isEqual:@{}]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict isEqualToDictionary:@{}]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict isEqual:@{ @"foo" : @"bar" }]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict isEqualToDictionary:@{ @"foo" : @"bar" }]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict isEqual:@{ @"bar" : @"baz" }]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict isEqualToDictionary:@{ @"bar" : @"baz" }]);
+
+  GPBAutocreatedDictionary *dict2 = [[GPBAutocreatedDictionary alloc] init];
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict isEqual:dict2]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict isEqualToDictionary:dict2]);
+
+  [dict2 setObject:@"mumble" forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict isEqual:dict2]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([dict isEqualToDictionary:dict2]);
+
+  [dict2 setObject:@"bar" forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict isEqual:dict2]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([dict isEqualToDictionary:dict2]);
+
+  [dict2 release];
+  [dict release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionary *dict = [[GPBAutocreatedDictionary alloc] init];
+
+    NSDictionary *cpy = [dict copy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy != dict); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy.count, (NSUInteger)0);
+
+    NSDictionary *cpy2 = [dict copy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != dict); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != cpy); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy2.count, (NSUInteger)0);
+
+    [cpy2 release];
+    [cpy release];
+    [dict release];
+  }
+
+  {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionary *dict = [[GPBAutocreatedDictionary alloc] init];
+
+    NSMutableDictionary *cpy = [dict mutableCopy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy != dict); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy isKindOfClass:[NSMutableDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy.count, (NSUInteger)0);
+
+    NSMutableDictionary *cpy2 = [dict mutableCopy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != dict); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != cpy); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[NSMutableDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy2.count, (NSUInteger)0);
+
+    [cpy2 release];
+    [cpy release];
+    [dict release];
+  }
+
+  {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionary *dict = [[GPBAutocreatedDictionary alloc] init];
+    dict[@"foo"] = @"bar";
+    dict[@"baz"] = @"mumble";
+
+    NSDictionary *cpy = [dict copy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy != dict); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy.count, (NSUInteger)2);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy[@"foo"], @"bar");
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy[@"baz"], @"mumble");
+
+    NSDictionary *cpy2 = [dict copy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != dict); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != cpy); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy2.count, (NSUInteger)2);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy2[@"foo"], @"bar");
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy2[@"baz"], @"mumble");
+
+    [cpy2 release];
+    [cpy release];
+    [dict release];
+  }
+
+  {
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionary *dict = [[GPBAutocreatedDictionary alloc] init];
+    dict[@"foo"] = @"bar";
+    dict[@"baz"] = @"mumble";
+
+    NSMutableDictionary *cpy = [dict mutableCopy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy != dict); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy isKindOfClass:[NSMutableDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy.count, (NSUInteger)2);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy[@"foo"], @"bar");
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy[@"baz"], @"mumble");
+
+    NSMutableDictionary *cpy2 = [dict mutableCopy];
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != dict); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue(cpy2 != cpy); // Ptr compare
+    XCTAssertTrue([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[NSMutableDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([cpy2 isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(cpy2.count, (NSUInteger)2);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy2[@"foo"], @"bar");
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(cpy2[@"baz"], @"mumble");
+
+    [cpy2 release];
+    [cpy release];
+    [dict release];
+  }
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests.pddm b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests.pddm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17f12c28f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBDictionaryTests.pddm
@@ -0,0 +1,1048 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEST_FOR_POD_KEY(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4)
+//%TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUES(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, , , KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4)
+//%TESTS_FOR_POD_KEY_OBJECT_VALUE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, Object, NSString*, @"abc", @"def", @"ghi", @"jkl")
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUES(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4)
+//%TEST_HELPERS(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP)
+//%TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, UInt32, uint32_t, , 100U, 101U, 102U, 103U)
+//%TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, Int32, int32_t, , 200, 201, 202, 203)
+//%TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, UInt64, uint64_t, , 300U, 301U, 302U, 303U)
+//%TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, Int64, int64_t, , 400, 401, 402, 403)
+//%TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, Bool, BOOL, , YES, YES, NO, NO)
+//%TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, Float, float, , 500.f, 501.f, 502.f, 503.f)
+//%TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, Double, double, , 600., 601., 602., 603.)
+//%TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, Enum, int32_t, Raw, 700, 701, 702, 703)
+//%TESTS_FOR_ENUM_VALUE_RAW_ADDITIONS(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4)
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VACCESSOR, VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4)
+//%TESTS_COMMON(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, , value, POD, VACCESSOR, VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4)
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TESTS_FOR_POD_KEY_OBJECT_VALUE(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4)
+//%TESTS_COMMON(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, , , KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, Objects, object, OBJECT, , VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4)
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECLPOD(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECLEnum(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECLOBJECT(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE)
+//%GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary<VALUE_TYPE>
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TESTS_COMMON(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VSUFFIX, VNAME, VHELPER, VACCESSOR, VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4)
+//%#pragma mark - KEY_NAME -> VALUE_NAME
+//%
+//%@interface GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+//%@end
+//%
+//%@implementation GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##DictionaryTests
+//%
+//%- (void)testEmpty {
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict = [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] init];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY1)
+//%  [dict enumerateKeysAnd##VALUE_NAME$u##sUsingBlock:^(KEY_TYPE KisP##aKey, VALUE_TYPE a##VNAME$u, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    #pragma unused(aKey, a##VNAME$u, stop)
+//%    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+//%  }];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testOne {
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict = [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] init];
+//%  [dict set##VALUE_NAME$u##:VAL1 forKey:KEY1];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+//%DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY2)
+//%  [dict enumerateKeysAnd##VALUE_NAME$u##sUsingBlock:^(KEY_TYPE KisP##aKey, VALUE_TYPE a##VNAME$u, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    XCTAssertEqual##KSUFFIX(aKey, KEY1);
+//%    XCTAssertEqual##VSUFFIX(a##VNAME$u, VAL1);
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+//%  }];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testBasics {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2, KEY3 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME$u##s:k##VNAME$u##s
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+//%DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY4)
+//%
+//%  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+//%  KEY_TYPE KisP##*seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(KEY_TYPE##KisP));
+//%  VALUE_TYPE *seen##VNAME$u##s = malloc(3 * sizeof(VALUE_TYPE));
+//%  [dict enumerateKeysAnd##VALUE_NAME$u##sUsingBlock:^(KEY_TYPE KisP##aKey, VALUE_TYPE a##VNAME$u, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+//%    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+//%    seen##VNAME$u##s[idx] = a##VNAME$u##;
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+//%    ++idx;
+//%  }];
+//%  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+//%    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+//%    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+//%      if (COMPARE_KEYS##KSUFFIX(kKeys[i], seenKeys[j])) {
+//%        foundKey = YES;
+//%        XCTAssertEqual##VSUFFIX(k##VNAME$u##s[i], seen##VNAME$u##s[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+//%      }
+//%    }
+//%    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+//%  }
+//%  free(seenKeys);
+//%  free(seen##VNAME$u##s);
+//%
+//%  // Stopping the enumeration.
+//%  idx = 0;
+//%  [dict enumerateKeysAnd##VALUE_NAME$u##sUsingBlock:^(KEY_TYPE KisP##aKey, VALUE_TYPE a##VNAME$u, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    #pragma unused(aKey, a##VNAME$u)
+//%    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+//%    ++idx;
+//%  }];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testEquality {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys1[] = { KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4 };
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys2[] = { KEY2, KEY1, KEY4 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s1[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s2[] = { VAL1, VAL4, VAL3 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s3[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict1 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s1)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict1prime =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s1)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s2
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s2)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict3 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys2
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s1)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict4 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s3
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s3)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+//%
+//%  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+//%  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+//%  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+//%
+//%  // 2 is same keys, different ##VNAME##s; not equal.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+//%
+//%  // 3 is different keys, same ##VNAME##s; not equal.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+//%
+//%  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+//%
+//%  [dict1 release];
+//%  [dict1prime release];
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict3 release];
+//%  [dict4 release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testCopy {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 = [dict copy];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%
+//%  // Should be new object but equal.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+//%  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary class]]);
+//%
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%
+//%  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testAdds {
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict = [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] init];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+//%  [dict set##VALUE_NAME##:VAL1 forKey:KEY1];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+//%
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY2, KEY3, KEY4 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s[] = { VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%  [dict add##VACCESSOR##EntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+//%
+//%DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY4, VAL4)
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testRemove {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+//%
+//%  [dict remove##VALUE_NAME##ForKey:KEY2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+//%DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY4, VAL4)
+//%
+//%  // Remove again does nothing.
+//%  [dict remove##VALUE_NAME##ForKey:KEY2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY4, VAL4)
+//%
+//%  [dict remove##VALUE_NAME##ForKey:KEY4];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY4)
+//%
+//%  [dict removeAll];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY1)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY2)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY3)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY4)
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+//%DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY4, VAL4)
+//%
+//%  [dict set##VALUE_NAME##:VAL4 forKey:KEY1];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL4)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY4, VAL4)
+//%
+//%  [dict set##VALUE_NAME##:VAL2 forKey:KEY4];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL4)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY4, VAL2)
+//%
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys2[] = { KEY2, KEY3 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s2[] = { VAL3, VAL1 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s2
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys2
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s2)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%  [dict add##VACCESSOR##EntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL4)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY2, VAL3)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY3, VAL1)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY4, VAL2)
+//%
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%@end
+//%
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TESTS_FOR_ENUM_VALUE_RAW_ADDITIONS(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4)
+//%TESTS_FOR_ENUM_VALUE_RAW_ADDITIONS2(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, Enum, int32_t, , POD, 700, 801, 702, 803)
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TESTS_FOR_ENUM_VALUE_RAW_ADDITIONS2(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VSUFFIX, VHELPER, VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4)
+//%#pragma mark - KEY_NAME -> VALUE_NAME (Unknown Enums)
+//%
+//%@interface GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##DictionaryUnknownEnumTests : XCTestCase
+//%@end
+//%
+//%@implementation GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##DictionaryUnknownEnumTests
+//%
+//%- (void)testRawBasics {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2, KEY3 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE kValues[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                  rawValues:kValues
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                    forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+//%  XCTAssertTrue(dict.validationFunc == TestingEnum_IsValidValue);  // Pointer comparison
+//%DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE, value)TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY2, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue)
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%RAW_VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY4)
+//%
+//%  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+//%  KEY_TYPE KisP##*seenKeys = malloc(3 * sizeof(KEY_TYPE##KisP));
+//%  VALUE_TYPE *seenValues = malloc(3 * sizeof(VALUE_TYPE));
+//%  [dict enumerateKeysAndEnumsUsingBlock:^(KEY_TYPE KisP##aKey, VALUE_TYPE aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+//%    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+//%    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+//%    ++idx;
+//%  }];
+//%  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+//%    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+//%    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+//%      if (COMPARE_KEYS##KSUFFIX(kKeys[i], seenKeys[j])) {
+//%        foundKey = YES;
+//%        if (i == 1) {
+//%          XCTAssertEqual##VSUFFIX(kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue, seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+//%        } else {
+//%          XCTAssertEqual##VSUFFIX(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+//%        }
+//%      }
+//%    }
+//%    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+//%  }
+//%  idx = 0;
+//%  [dict enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(KEY_TYPE KisP##aKey, VALUE_TYPE aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 3U);
+//%    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+//%    seenValues[idx] = aValue;
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+//%    ++idx;
+//%  }];
+//%  for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+//%    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+//%    for (int j = 0; (j < 3) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+//%      if (COMPARE_KEYS##KSUFFIX(kKeys[i], seenKeys[j])) {
+//%        foundKey = YES;
+//%        XCTAssertEqual##VSUFFIX(kValues[i], seenValues[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+//%      }
+//%    }
+//%    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+//%  }
+//%  free(seenKeys);
+//%  free(seenValues);
+//%
+//%  // Stopping the enumeration.
+//%  idx = 0;
+//%  [dict enumerateKeysAndRawValuesUsingBlock:^(KEY_TYPE KisP##aKey, VALUE_TYPE aValue, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    #pragma unused(aKey, aValue)
+//%    if (idx == 1) *stop = YES;
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+//%    ++idx;
+//%  }];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testEqualityWithUnknowns {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys1[] = { KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4 };
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys2[] = { KEY2, KEY1, KEY4 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE kValues1[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3 };  // Unknown
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE kValues2[] = { VAL1, VAL4, VAL3 };  // Unknown
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE kValues3[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };  // Unknowns
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict1 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                  rawValues:kValues1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                    forKeys:kKeys1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict1prime =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                  rawValues:kValues1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                    forKeys:kKeys1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                  rawValues:kValues2
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                    forKeys:kKeys1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict3 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                  rawValues:kValues1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                    forKeys:kKeys2
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues1)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict4 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                  rawValues:kValues3
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                    forKeys:kKeys1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues3)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+//%
+//%  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+//%  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+//%  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+//%
+//%  // 2 is same keys, different values; not equal.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+//%
+//%  // 3 is different keys, same values; not equal.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+//%
+//%  // 4 extra pair; not equal
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+//%
+//%  [dict1 release];
+//%  [dict1prime release];
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict3 release];
+//%  [dict4 release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testCopyWithUnknowns {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE kValues[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };  // Unknown
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                  rawValues:kValues
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                    forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 = [dict copy];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%
+//%  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+//%  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+//%
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE kValues[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };  // Unknowns
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                  rawValues:kValues
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                    forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%
+//%  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testUnknownAdds {
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+//%  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([dict setEnum:VAL2 forKey:KEY2],  // Unknown
+//%                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+//%  [dict setRawValue:VAL2 forKey:KEY2];  // Unknown
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+//%
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY3, KEY4 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE kValues[] = { VAL1, VAL3, VAL4 };  // Unknown
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithEnums:kValues
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                         forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                           count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+//%
+//%DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE, value)TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY2, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue)
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY4, kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue)
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY4, VAL4)
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testUnknownRemove {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE kValues[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };  // Unknowns
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                  rawValues:kValues
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                    forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+//%
+//%  [dict removeEnumForKey:KEY2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+//%DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE, value)TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY4, VAL4)
+//%
+//%  // Remove again does nothing.
+//%  [dict removeEnumForKey:KEY2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 3U);
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY4, VAL4)
+//%
+//%  [dict removeEnumForKey:KEY4];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY4)
+//%
+//%  [dict removeAll];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY1)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY2)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY3)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY4)
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testInplaceMutationUnknowns {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE kValues[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };  // Unknowns
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                  rawValues:kValues
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                    forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+//%DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE, value)TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY4, VAL4)
+//%
+//%  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([dict setEnum:VAL4 forKey:KEY1],  // Unknown
+//%                               NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY4, VAL4)
+//%
+//%  [dict setRawValue:VAL4 forKey:KEY1];  // Unknown
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY1, VAL4)
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY4, VAL4)
+//%
+//%  [dict setRawValue:VAL1 forKey:KEY4];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY1, VAL4)
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY3, VAL3)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY4, VAL1)
+//%
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys2[] = { KEY2, KEY3 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE kValues2[] = { VAL3, VAL2 };  // Unknown
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                  rawValues:kValues2
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                    forKeys:kKeys2
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues2)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%  [dict addRawEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 4U);
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY1, VAL4)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY2, VAL3)
+//%TEST_RAW_VALUE##VHELPER(dict, value, KEY3, VAL2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, value, KEY4, VAL1)
+//%
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testCopyUnknowns {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE kValues[] = { VAL1, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                  rawValues:kValues
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                    forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                                      count:GPBARRAYSIZE(kValues)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 = [dict copy];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%
+//%  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.validationFunc, dict2.validationFunc);  // Pointer comparison
+//%  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary class]]);
+//%
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%@end
+//%
+
+//
+// Helpers for PODs
+//
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGEPOD(VALUE_TYPE, NAME)
+//%  VALUE_TYPE NAME;
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE VALUE_NOT_FOUNDPOD(VALUE_NAME, DICT, KEY)
+//%  XCTAssertFalse([DICT get##VALUE_NAME##:NULL forKey:KEY]);
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEST_VALUEPOD(VALUE_NAME, DICT, STORAGE, KEY, VALUE)
+//%  XCTAssertTrue([DICT get##VALUE_NAME##:NULL forKey:KEY]);
+//%  XCTAssertTrue([DICT get##VALUE_NAME##:&STORAGE forKey:KEY]);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(STORAGE, VALUE);
+//%PDDM-DEFINE COMPARE_KEYS(KEY1, KEY2)
+//%KEY1 == KEY2
+//%PDDM-DEFINE RAW_VALUE_NOT_FOUNDPOD(VALUE_NAME, DICT, KEY)
+//%  XCTAssertFalse([DICT getRawValue:NULL forKey:KEY]);
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEST_RAW_VALUEPOD(DICT, STORAGE, KEY, VALUE)
+//%  XCTAssertTrue([DICT getRawValue:NULL forKey:KEY]);
+//%  XCTAssertTrue([DICT getRawValue:&STORAGE forKey:KEY]);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(STORAGE, VALUE);
+
+//
+// Helpers for Objects
+//
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGEOBJECT(VALUE_TYPE, NAME)
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE VALUE_NOT_FOUNDOBJECT(VALUE_NAME, DICT, KEY)
+//%  XCTAssertNil([DICT objectForKey:KEY]);
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEST_VALUEOBJECT(VALUE_NAME, DICT, STORAGE, KEY, VALUE)
+//%  XCTAssertEqualObjects([DICT objectForKey:KEY], VALUE);
+//%PDDM-DEFINE COMPARE_KEYSObjects(KEY1, KEY2)
+//%[KEY1 isEqual:KEY2]
+
+//
+// Helpers for tests.
+//
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEST_HELPERS(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP)
+//%// To let the testing macros work, add some extra methods to simplify things.
+//%@interface GPB##KEY_NAME##EnumDictionary (TestingTweak)
+//%- (instancetype)initWithEnums:(const int32_t [])values
+//%                      forKeys:(const KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP [])keys
+//%                        count:(NSUInteger)count;
+//%@end
+//%
+//%static BOOL TestingEnum_IsValidValue(int32_t value) {
+//%  switch (value) {
+//%    case 700:
+//%    case 701:
+//%    case 702:
+//%    case 703:
+//%      return YES;
+//%    default:
+//%      return NO;
+//%  }
+//%}
+//%
+//%@implementation GPB##KEY_NAME##EnumDictionary (TestingTweak)
+//%- (instancetype)initWithEnums:(const int32_t [])values
+//%                      forKeys:(const KEY_TYPE##KisP$S##KisP [])keys
+//%                        count:(NSUInteger)count {
+//%  return [self initWithValidationFunction:TestingEnum_IsValidValue
+//%                                rawValues:values
+//%                                  forKeys:keys
+//%                                    count:count];
+//%}
+//%@end
+//%
+//%
+
+
+//
+// BOOL test macros
+//
+//TODO(thomasvl): enum tests
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_TESTS_FOR_POD_VALUE(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VAL1, VAL2)
+//%BOOL_TESTS_COMMON(Bool, BOOL, , , YES, NO, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, , value, POD, VAL1, VAL2)
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TESTS_FOR_BOOL_KEY_OBJECT_VALUE(VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VAL1, VAL2)
+//%BOOL_TESTS_COMMON(Bool, BOOL, , , YES, NO, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, Objects, object, OBJECT, VAL1, VAL2)
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE BOOL_TESTS_COMMON(KEY_NAME, KEY_TYPE, KisP, KSUFFIX, KEY1, KEY2, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE, VSUFFIX, VNAME, VHELPER, VAL1, VAL2)
+//%#pragma mark - KEY_NAME -> VALUE_NAME
+//%
+//%@interface GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##DictionaryTests : XCTestCase
+//%@end
+//%
+//%@implementation GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##DictionaryTests
+//%
+//%- (void)testEmpty {
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict = [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] init];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY1)
+//%  [dict enumerateKeysAnd##VALUE_NAME##sUsingBlock:^(KEY_TYPE KisP##aKey, VALUE_TYPE a##VNAME$u##, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    #pragma unused(aKey, a##VNAME$u##, stop)
+//%    XCTFail(@"Shouldn't get here!");
+//%  }];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testOne {
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict = [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] init];
+//%  [dict set##VALUE_NAME$u##:VAL1 forKey:KEY1];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+//%DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY2)
+//%  [dict enumerateKeysAnd##VALUE_NAME$u##sUsingBlock:^(KEY_TYPE KisP##aKey, VALUE_TYPE a##VNAME$u, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    XCTAssertEqual##KSUFFIX(aKey, KEY1);
+//%    XCTAssertEqual##VSUFFIX(a##VNAME$u, VAL1);
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+//%  }];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testBasics {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s[] = { VAL1, VAL2 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+//%DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%
+//%  __block NSUInteger idx = 0;
+//%  KEY_TYPE KisP##*seenKeys = malloc(2 * sizeof(KEY_TYPE##KisP));
+//%  VALUE_TYPE *seen##VNAME$u##s = malloc(2 * sizeof(VALUE_TYPE));
+//%  [dict enumerateKeysAnd##VALUE_NAME$u##sUsingBlock:^(KEY_TYPE KisP##aKey, VALUE_TYPE a##VNAME$u##, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    XCTAssertLessThan(idx, 2U);
+//%    seenKeys[idx] = aKey;
+//%    seen##VNAME$u##s[idx] = a##VNAME$u;
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(stop, NULL);
+//%    ++idx;
+//%  }];
+//%  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+//%    BOOL foundKey = NO;
+//%    for (int j = 0; (j < 2) && !foundKey; ++j) {
+//%      if (COMPARE_KEYS##KSUFFIX(kKeys[i], seenKeys[j])) {
+//%        foundKey = YES;
+//%        XCTAssertEqual##VSUFFIX(k##VNAME$u##s[i], seen##VNAME$u##s[j], @"i = %d, j = %d", i, j);
+//%      }
+//%    }
+//%    XCTAssertTrue(foundKey, @"i = %d", i);
+//%  }
+//%  free(seenKeys);
+//%  free(seen##VNAME$u##s);
+//%
+//%  // Stopping the enumeration.
+//%  idx = 0;
+//%  [dict enumerateKeysAnd##VALUE_NAME$u##sUsingBlock:^(KEY_TYPE KisP##aKey, VALUE_TYPE a##VNAME$u##, BOOL *stop) {
+//%    #pragma unused(aKey, a##VNAME$u)
+//%    if (idx == 0) *stop = YES;
+//%    XCTAssertNotEqual(idx, 2U);
+//%    ++idx;
+//%  }];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testEquality {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys1[] = { KEY1, KEY2 };
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys2[] = { KEY2, KEY1 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s1[] = { VAL1, VAL2 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s2[] = { VAL2, VAL1 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s3[] = { VAL2 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict1 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s1)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1);
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict1prime =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s1)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict1prime);
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s2
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s2)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict3 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys2
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s1)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict3);
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict4 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s3
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys1
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s3)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict4);
+//%
+//%  // 1/1Prime should be different objects, but equal.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict1, dict1prime);
+//%  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict1, dict1prime);
+//%  // Equal, so they must have same hash.
+//%  XCTAssertEqual([dict1 hash], [dict1prime hash]);
+//%
+//%  // 2 is same keys, different ##VNAME##s; not equal.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict2);
+//%
+//%  // 3 is different keys, same ##VNAME##s; not equal.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict3);
+//%
+//%  // 4 Fewer pairs; not equal
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(dict1, dict4);
+//%
+//%  [dict1 release];
+//%  [dict1prime release];
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict3 release];
+//%  [dict4 release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testCopy {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s[] = { VAL1, VAL2 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 = [dict copy];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%
+//%  // Should be new object but equal.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+//%  XCTAssertTrue([dict2 isKindOfClass:[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary class]]);
+//%
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testDictionaryFromDictionary {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s[] = { VAL1, VAL2 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%
+//%  // Should be new pointer, but equal objects.
+//%  XCTAssertNotEqual(dict, dict2);
+//%  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dict, dict2);
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testAdds {
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict = [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] init];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+//%  [dict set##VALUE_NAME:VAL1 forKey:KEY1];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+//%
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY2 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s[] = { VAL2 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+//%
+//%DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testRemove {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2};
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s[] = { VAL1, VAL2 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S          ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S          ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+//%
+//%  [dict remove##VALUE_NAME##ForKey:KEY2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+//%DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY2)
+//%
+//%  // Remove again does nothing.
+//%  [dict remove##VALUE_NAME##ForKey:KEY2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 1U);
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY2)
+//%
+//%  [dict removeAll];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 0U);
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY1)
+//%VALUE_NOT_FOUND##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, KEY2)
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%- (void)testInplaceMutation {
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys[] = { KEY1, KEY2 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s[] = { VAL1, VAL2 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+//%DECLARE_VALUE_STORAGE##VHELPER(VALUE_TYPE, VNAME)TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%
+//%  [dict set##VALUE_NAME##:VAL2 forKey:KEY1];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%
+//%  [dict set##VALUE_NAME##:VAL1 forKey:KEY2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL2)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY2, VAL1)
+//%
+//%  const KEY_TYPE KisP##kKeys2[] = { KEY2, KEY1 };
+//%  const VALUE_TYPE k##VNAME$u##s2[] = { VAL2, VAL1 };
+//%  DICTIONARY_CLASS_DECL##VHELPER(KEY_NAME, VALUE_NAME, VALUE_TYPE) *dict2 =
+//%      [[GPB##KEY_NAME##VALUE_NAME##Dictionary alloc] initWith##VALUE_NAME##s:k##VNAME$u##s2
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##  forKeys:kKeys2
+//%           KEY_NAME$S VALUE_NAME$S                 ##VALUE_NAME$S##    count:GPBARRAYSIZE(k##VNAME$u##s2)];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(dict2);
+//%  [dict addEntriesFromDictionary:dict2];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dict.count, 2U);
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY1, VAL1)
+//%TEST_VALUE##VHELPER(VALUE_NAME, dict, VNAME, KEY2, VAL2)
+//%
+//%  [dict2 release];
+//%  [dict release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%@end
+//%
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBExtensionRegistryTest.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBExtensionRegistryTest.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1168826f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBExtensionRegistryTest.m
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+#import "GPBExtensionRegistry.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+
+@interface GPBExtensionRegistryTest : GPBTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBExtensionRegistryTest
+
+- (void)testBasics {
+  GPBExtensionRegistry *reg = [[[GPBExtensionRegistry alloc] init] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(reg);
+
+  XCTAssertNil([reg extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllExtensions descriptor]
+                               fieldNumber:1]);
+  XCTAssertNil([reg extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllTypes descriptor]
+                               fieldNumber:1]);
+
+  [reg addExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]];
+  [reg addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedInt64Extension]];
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([reg extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:1] ==
+                [UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]); // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertNil([reg extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllTypes descriptor]
+                               fieldNumber:1]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([reg extensionForDescriptor:[TestPackedExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:91] ==
+                [UnittestRoot packedInt64Extension]); // ptr equality
+}
+
+- (void)testCopy {
+  GPBExtensionRegistry *reg1 = [[[GPBExtensionRegistry alloc] init] autorelease];
+  [reg1 addExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]];
+
+  GPBExtensionRegistry *reg2 = [[reg1 copy] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(reg2);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([reg1 extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:1] ==
+                [UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]); // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertTrue([reg2 extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:1] ==
+                [UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]); // ptr equality
+
+  // Message class that had registered extension(s) at the -copy time.
+
+  [reg1 addExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalBoolExtension]];
+  [reg2 addExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringExtension]];
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([reg1 extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:13] ==
+                [UnittestRoot optionalBoolExtension]); // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertNil([reg1 extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:14]);
+  XCTAssertNil([reg2 extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:13]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([reg2 extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:14] ==
+                [UnittestRoot optionalStringExtension]); // ptr equality
+
+  // Message class that did not have any registered extensions at the -copy time.
+
+  [reg1 addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedInt64Extension]];
+  [reg2 addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedSint32Extension]];
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([reg1 extensionForDescriptor:[TestPackedExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:91] ==
+                [UnittestRoot packedInt64Extension]); // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertNil([reg1 extensionForDescriptor:[TestPackedExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:94]);
+  XCTAssertNil([reg2 extensionForDescriptor:[TestPackedExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:91]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([reg2 extensionForDescriptor:[TestPackedExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:94] ==
+                [UnittestRoot packedSint32Extension]); // ptr equality
+
+}
+
+- (void)testAddExtensions {
+  GPBExtensionRegistry *reg1 = [[[GPBExtensionRegistry alloc] init] autorelease];
+  [reg1 addExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]];
+
+  GPBExtensionRegistry *reg2 = [[[GPBExtensionRegistry alloc] init] autorelease];
+
+  XCTAssertNil([reg2 extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllExtensions descriptor]
+                                fieldNumber:1]);
+
+  [reg2 addExtensions:reg1];
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([reg2 extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:1] ==
+                [UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]); // ptr equality
+
+  // Confirm adding to the first doesn't add to the second.
+
+  [reg1 addExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalBoolExtension]];
+  [reg1 addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedInt64Extension]];
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([reg1 extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:13] ==
+                [UnittestRoot optionalBoolExtension]); // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertTrue([reg1 extensionForDescriptor:[TestPackedExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:91] ==
+                [UnittestRoot packedInt64Extension]); // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertNil([reg2 extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:13]);
+  XCTAssertNil([reg2 extensionForDescriptor:[TestPackedExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:91]);
+
+  // Confirm adding to the second doesn't add to the first.
+
+  [reg2 addExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringExtension]];
+  [reg2 addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedSint32Extension]];
+
+  XCTAssertNil([reg1 extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:14]);
+  XCTAssertNil([reg1 extensionForDescriptor:[TestPackedExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:94]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([reg2 extensionForDescriptor:[TestAllExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:14] ==
+                [UnittestRoot optionalStringExtension]); // ptr equality
+  XCTAssertTrue([reg2 extensionForDescriptor:[TestPackedExtensions descriptor] fieldNumber:94] ==
+                [UnittestRoot packedSint32Extension]); // ptr equality
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBMessageTests+Merge.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBMessageTests+Merge.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0bd5897a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBMessageTests+Merge.m
@@ -0,0 +1,700 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+#import <objc/runtime.h>
+
+#import "GPBMessage.h"
+
+#import "google/protobuf/MapUnittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestPreserveUnknownEnum.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto2.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto3.pbobjc.h"
+
+@interface MessageMergeTests : GPBTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation MessageMergeTests
+
+// TODO(thomasvl): Pull tests over from GPBMessageTests that are merge specific.
+
+- (void)testProto3MergingAndZeroValues {
+  // Proto2 covered in other tests.
+
+  Message3 *src = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+  Message3 *dst = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+  NSData *testData1 = [@"abc" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  NSData *testData2 = [@"def" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+
+  dst.optionalInt32 = 1;
+  dst.optionalInt64 = 1;
+  dst.optionalUint32 = 1;
+  dst.optionalUint64 = 1;
+  dst.optionalSint32 = 1;
+  dst.optionalSint64 = 1;
+  dst.optionalFixed32 = 1;
+  dst.optionalFixed64 = 1;
+  dst.optionalSfixed32 = 1;
+  dst.optionalSfixed64 = 1;
+  dst.optionalFloat = 1.0f;
+  dst.optionalDouble = 1.0;
+  dst.optionalBool = YES;
+  dst.optionalString = @"bar";
+  dst.optionalBytes = testData1;
+  dst.optionalEnum = Message3_Enum_Bar;
+
+  // All zeros, nothing should overright.
+
+  src.optionalInt32 = 0;
+  src.optionalInt64 = 0;
+  src.optionalUint32 = 0;
+  src.optionalUint64 = 0;
+  src.optionalSint32 = 0;
+  src.optionalSint64 = 0;
+  src.optionalFixed32 = 0;
+  src.optionalFixed64 = 0;
+  src.optionalSfixed32 = 0;
+  src.optionalSfixed64 = 0;
+  src.optionalFloat = 0.0f;
+  src.optionalDouble = 0.0;
+  src.optionalBool = NO;
+  src.optionalString = @"";
+  src.optionalBytes = [NSData data];
+  src.optionalEnum = Message3_Enum_Foo;  // first value
+
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalInt32, 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalInt64, 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalUint32, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalUint64, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalSint32, 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalSint64, 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalFixed32, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalFixed64, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalSfixed32, 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalSfixed64, 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalFloat, 1.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalDouble, 1.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dst.optionalString, @"bar");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dst.optionalBytes, testData1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalEnum, Message3_Enum_Bar);
+
+  // Half the values that will replace.
+
+  src.optionalInt32 = 0;
+  src.optionalInt64 = 2;
+  src.optionalUint32 = 0;
+  src.optionalUint64 = 2;
+  src.optionalSint32 = 0;
+  src.optionalSint64 = 2;
+  src.optionalFixed32 = 0;
+  src.optionalFixed64 = 2;
+  src.optionalSfixed32 = 0;
+  src.optionalSfixed64 = 2;
+  src.optionalFloat = 0.0f;
+  src.optionalDouble = 2.0;
+  src.optionalBool = YES;  // No other value to use.  :(
+  src.optionalString = @"baz";
+  src.optionalBytes = nil;
+  src.optionalEnum = Message3_Enum_Baz;
+
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalInt32, 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalInt64, 2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalUint32, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalUint64, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalSint32, 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalSint64, 2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalFixed32, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalFixed64, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalSfixed32, 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalSfixed64, 2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalFloat, 1.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalDouble, 2.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dst.optionalString, @"baz");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dst.optionalBytes, testData1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalEnum, Message3_Enum_Baz);
+
+  // Other half the values that will replace.
+
+  src.optionalInt32 = 3;
+  src.optionalInt64 = 0;
+  src.optionalUint32 = 3;
+  src.optionalUint64 = 0;
+  src.optionalSint32 = 3;
+  src.optionalSint64 = 0;
+  src.optionalFixed32 = 3;
+  src.optionalFixed64 = 0;
+  src.optionalSfixed32 = 3;
+  src.optionalSfixed64 = 0;
+  src.optionalFloat = 3.0f;
+  src.optionalDouble = 0.0;
+  src.optionalBool = YES;  // No other value to use.  :(
+  src.optionalString = nil;
+  src.optionalBytes = testData2;
+  src.optionalEnum = Message3_Enum_Foo;
+
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalInt32, 3);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalInt64, 2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalUint32, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalUint64, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalSint32, 3);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalSint64, 2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalFixed32, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalFixed64, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalSfixed32, 3);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalSfixed64, 2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalFloat, 3.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalDouble, 2.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dst.optionalString, @"baz");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dst.optionalBytes, testData2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.optionalEnum, Message3_Enum_Baz);
+
+  [src release];
+  [dst release];
+}
+
+- (void)testProto3MergingEnums {
+  UnknownEnumsMyMessage *src = [UnknownEnumsMyMessage message];
+  UnknownEnumsMyMessage *dst = [UnknownEnumsMyMessage message];
+
+  // Known value.
+
+  src.e = UnknownEnumsMyEnum_Bar;
+  src.repeatedEArray =
+      [GPBEnumArray arrayWithValidationFunction:UnknownEnumsMyEnum_IsValidValue
+                                       rawValue:UnknownEnumsMyEnum_Bar];
+  src.repeatedPackedEArray =
+      [GPBEnumArray arrayWithValidationFunction:UnknownEnumsMyEnum_IsValidValue
+                                       rawValue:UnknownEnumsMyEnum_Bar];
+  src.oneofE1 = UnknownEnumsMyEnum_Bar;
+
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.e, UnknownEnumsMyEnum_Bar);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.repeatedEArray.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([dst.repeatedEArray valueAtIndex:0], UnknownEnumsMyEnum_Bar);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.repeatedPackedEArray.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([dst.repeatedPackedEArray valueAtIndex:0],
+                 UnknownEnumsMyEnum_Bar);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofE1, UnknownEnumsMyEnum_Bar);
+
+  // Unknown value.
+
+  const int32_t kUnknownValue = 666;
+
+  SetUnknownEnumsMyMessage_E_RawValue(src, kUnknownValue);
+  src.repeatedEArray =
+      [GPBEnumArray arrayWithValidationFunction:UnknownEnumsMyEnum_IsValidValue
+                                       rawValue:kUnknownValue];
+  src.repeatedPackedEArray =
+      [GPBEnumArray arrayWithValidationFunction:UnknownEnumsMyEnum_IsValidValue
+                                       rawValue:kUnknownValue];
+  SetUnknownEnumsMyMessage_OneofE1_RawValue(src, kUnknownValue);
+
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.e, UnknownEnumsMyEnum_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual(UnknownEnumsMyMessage_E_RawValue(dst), kUnknownValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.repeatedEArray.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([dst.repeatedEArray valueAtIndex:0], UnknownEnumsMyEnum_Bar);
+  XCTAssertEqual([dst.repeatedEArray valueAtIndex:1],
+                 UnknownEnumsMyEnum_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual([dst.repeatedEArray rawValueAtIndex:1], kUnknownValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.repeatedPackedEArray.count, 2U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([dst.repeatedPackedEArray valueAtIndex:0],
+                 UnknownEnumsMyEnum_Bar);
+  XCTAssertEqual([dst.repeatedPackedEArray valueAtIndex:1],
+                 UnknownEnumsMyEnum_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual([dst.repeatedPackedEArray rawValueAtIndex:1], kUnknownValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofE1,
+                 UnknownEnumsMyEnum_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual(UnknownEnumsMyMessage_OneofE1_RawValue(dst), kUnknownValue);
+}
+
+- (void)testProto2MergeOneof {
+  Message2 *src = [Message2 message];
+  Message2 *dst = [Message2 message];
+
+  //
+  // Make sure whatever is in dst gets cleared out be merging in something else.
+  //
+
+  dst.oneofEnum = Message2_Enum_Bar;
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE MERGE2_TEST(SET_NAME, SET_VALUE, CLEARED_NAME, CLEARED_DEFAULT)
+//%  src.oneof##SET_NAME = SET_VALUE;
+//%  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_Oneof##SET_NAME);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneof##SET_NAME, SET_VALUE);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneof##CLEARED_NAME, CLEARED_DEFAULT);
+//%
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE2_TEST(Int32, 10, Enum, Message2_Enum_Baz)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofInt32 = 10;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofInt32, 10);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE2_TEST(Int64, 11, Int32, 100)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofInt64 = 11;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofInt64, 11);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofInt32, 100);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE2_TEST(Uint32, 12U, Int64, 101)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofUint32 = 12U;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofUint32, 12U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofInt64, 101);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE2_TEST(Uint64, 13U, Uint32, 102U)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofUint64 = 13U;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofUint64, 13U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofUint32, 102U);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE2_TEST(Sint32, 14, Uint64, 103U)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofSint32 = 14;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSint32, 14);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofUint64, 103U);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE2_TEST(Sint64, 15, Sint32, 104)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofSint64 = 15;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSint64, 15);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSint32, 104);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE2_TEST(Fixed32, 16U, Sint64, 105)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofFixed32 = 16U;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofFixed32, 16U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSint64, 105);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE2_TEST(Fixed64, 17U, Fixed32, 106U)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofFixed64 = 17U;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofFixed64, 17U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE2_TEST(Sfixed32, 18, Fixed64, 107U)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofSfixed32 = 18;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSfixed32, 18);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE2_TEST(Sfixed64, 19, Sfixed32, 108)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofSfixed64 = 19;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSfixed64, 19);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE2_TEST(Float, 20.0f, Sfixed64, 109)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofFloat = 20.0f;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofFloat, 20.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE2_TEST(Double, 21.0, Float, 110.0f)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofDouble = 21.0;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofDouble, 21.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE2_TEST(Bool, NO, Double, 111.0)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofBool = NO;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE2_TEST(Enum, Message2_Enum_Bar, Bool, YES)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofEnum = Message2_Enum_Bar;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Bar);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofBool, YES);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (14 expansions)
+
+  NSString *oneofStringDefault = @"string";
+  NSData *oneofBytesDefault = [@"data" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+
+  src.oneofString = @"foo";
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofString);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dst.oneofString, @"foo");
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+
+  src.oneofBytes = [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dst.oneofBytes,
+                        [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dst.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+
+  Message2_OneofGroup *group = [Message2_OneofGroup message];
+  group.a = 666;
+  src.oneofGroup = group;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofGroup);
+  Message2_OneofGroup *mergedGroup = [[dst.oneofGroup retain] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(mergedGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(mergedGroup, group);  // Pointer comparision.
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(mergedGroup, group);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dst.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+
+  Message2 *subMessage = [Message2 message];
+  subMessage.optionalInt32 = 777;
+  src.oneofMessage = subMessage;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage);
+  Message2 *mergedSubMessage = [[dst.oneofMessage retain] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(mergedSubMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(mergedSubMessage, subMessage);  // Pointer comparision.
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(mergedSubMessage, subMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dst.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dst.oneofGroup, mergedGroup);  // Pointer comparision.
+
+  // Back to something else to make sure message clears out ok.
+
+  src.oneofInt32 = 10;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dst.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dst.oneofMessage,
+                    mergedSubMessage);  // Pointer comparision.
+
+  //
+  // Test merging in to message/group when they already had something.
+  //
+
+  src.oneofGroup = group;
+  mergedGroup = [Message2_OneofGroup message];
+  mergedGroup.b = 888;
+  dst.oneofGroup = mergedGroup;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofGroup);
+  // Shouldn't have been a new object.
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofGroup, mergedGroup);  // Pointer comparision.
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofGroup.a, 666);        // Pointer comparision.
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofGroup.b, 888);        // Pointer comparision.
+
+  src.oneofMessage = subMessage;
+  mergedSubMessage = [Message2 message];
+  mergedSubMessage.optionalInt64 = 999;
+  dst.oneofMessage = mergedSubMessage;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage);
+  // Shouldn't have been a new object.
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofMessage, mergedSubMessage);   // Pointer comparision.
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofMessage.optionalInt32, 777);  // Pointer comparision.
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofMessage.optionalInt64, 999);  // Pointer comparision.
+}
+
+- (void)testProto3MergeOneof {
+  Message3 *src = [Message3 message];
+  Message3 *dst = [Message3 message];
+
+  //
+  // Make sure whatever is in dst gets cleared out be merging in something else.
+  //
+
+  dst.oneofEnum = Message3_Enum_Bar;
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE MERGE3_TEST(SET_NAME, SET_VALUE, CLEARED_NAME, CLEARED_DEFAULT)
+//%  src.oneof##SET_NAME = SET_VALUE;
+//%  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_Oneof##SET_NAME);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneof##SET_NAME, SET_VALUE);
+//%  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneof##CLEARED_NAME, CLEARED_DEFAULT);
+//%
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE3_TEST(Int32, 10, Enum, Message3_Enum_Foo)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofInt32 = 10;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofInt32, 10);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE3_TEST(Int64, 11, Int32, 0)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofInt64 = 11;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofInt64, 11);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofInt32, 0);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE3_TEST(Uint32, 12U, Int64, 0)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofUint32 = 12U;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofUint32, 12U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofInt64, 0);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE3_TEST(Uint64, 13U, Uint32, 0U)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofUint64 = 13U;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofUint64, 13U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofUint32, 0U);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE3_TEST(Sint32, 14, Uint64, 0U)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofSint32 = 14;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSint32, 14);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofUint64, 0U);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE3_TEST(Sint64, 15, Sint32, 0)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofSint64 = 15;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSint64, 15);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSint32, 0);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE3_TEST(Fixed32, 16U, Sint64, 0)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofFixed32 = 16U;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofFixed32, 16U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSint64, 0);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE3_TEST(Fixed64, 17U, Fixed32, 0U)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofFixed64 = 17U;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofFixed64, 17U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE3_TEST(Sfixed32, 18, Fixed64, 0U)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofSfixed32 = 18;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSfixed32, 18);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE3_TEST(Sfixed64, 19, Sfixed32, 0)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofSfixed64 = 19;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSfixed64, 19);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE3_TEST(Float, 20.0f, Sfixed64, 0)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofFloat = 20.0f;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofFloat, 20.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE3_TEST(Double, 21.0, Float, 0.0f)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofDouble = 21.0;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofDouble, 21.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE3_TEST(Bool, YES, Double, 0.0)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofBool = YES;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND MERGE3_TEST(Enum, Message3_Enum_Bar, Bool, NO)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  src.oneofEnum = Message3_Enum_Bar;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Bar);
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofBool, NO);
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (14 expansions)
+
+  NSString *oneofStringDefault = @"";
+  NSData *oneofBytesDefault = [NSData data];
+
+  src.oneofString = @"foo";
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofString);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dst.oneofString, @"foo");
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+
+  src.oneofBytes = [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dst.oneofBytes,
+                        [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dst.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+
+
+  Message3 *subMessage = [Message3 message];
+  subMessage.optionalInt32 = 777;
+  src.oneofMessage = subMessage;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage);
+  Message3 *mergedSubMessage = [[dst.oneofMessage retain] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(mergedSubMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(mergedSubMessage, subMessage);  // Pointer comparision.
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(mergedSubMessage, subMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(dst.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+
+  // Back to something else to make sure message clears out ok.
+
+  src.oneofInt32 = 10;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(dst.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(dst.oneofMessage,
+                    mergedSubMessage);  // Pointer comparision.
+
+  //
+  // Test merging in to message when they already had something.
+  //
+
+  src.oneofMessage = subMessage;
+  mergedSubMessage = [Message3 message];
+  mergedSubMessage.optionalInt64 = 999;
+  dst.oneofMessage = mergedSubMessage;
+  [dst mergeFrom:src];
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage);
+  // Shouldn't have been a new object.
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofMessage, mergedSubMessage);   // Pointer comparision.
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofMessage.optionalInt32, 777);  // Pointer comparision.
+  XCTAssertEqual(dst.oneofMessage.optionalInt64, 999);  // Pointer comparision.
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Subset from from map_tests.cc
+
+// TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, CopyFromMessageMap)
+- (void)testMap_CopyFromMessageMap {
+  TestMessageMap *msg1 = [[TestMessageMap alloc] init];
+  TestMessageMap *msg2 = [[TestMessageMap alloc] init];
+
+  TestAllTypes *subMsg = [TestAllTypes message];
+  subMsg.repeatedInt32Array = [GPBInt32Array arrayWithValue:100];
+  [msg1.mapInt32Message setObject:subMsg forKey:0];
+  subMsg = nil;
+
+  subMsg = [TestAllTypes message];
+  subMsg.repeatedInt32Array = [GPBInt32Array arrayWithValue:101];
+
+  [msg2.mapInt32Message setObject:subMsg forKey:0];
+  subMsg = nil;
+
+  [msg1 mergeFrom:msg2];
+
+  // Checks repeated field is overwritten.
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg1.mapInt32Message.count, 1U);
+  subMsg = [msg1.mapInt32Message objectForKey:0];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(subMsg);
+  XCTAssertEqual(subMsg.repeatedInt32Array.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([subMsg.repeatedInt32Array valueAtIndex:0], 101);
+
+  [msg2 release];
+  [msg1 release];
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBMessageTests+Runtime.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBMessageTests+Runtime.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d98f91ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBMessageTests+Runtime.m
@@ -0,0 +1,2581 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+#import <objc/runtime.h>
+
+#import "GPBMessage.h"
+
+#import "google/protobuf/MapUnittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestCycle.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestObjcStartup.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto2.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto3.pbobjc.h"
+
+@interface MessageRuntimeTests : GPBTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation MessageRuntimeTests
+
+// TODO(thomasvl): Pull tests over from GPBMessageTests that are runtime
+// specific.
+
+- (void)testStartupOrdering {
+  // Message class/Root class initialization is a little tricky, so these just
+  // create some possible patterns that can be a problem. The messages don't
+  // have to be exercised, just creating them is enough to test.  If there
+  // is a problem, the runtime should assert or hang.
+  //
+  // Note: the messages from these proto files should not be used in any other
+  // tests, that way when they are referenced here it will be the first use and
+  // initialization will take place now.
+
+  TestObjCStartupMessage *message = [TestObjCStartupMessage message];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message);
+
+  CycleBaz *baz = [CycleBaz message];
+  CycleBar *bar = [CycleBar message];
+  CycleFoo *foo = [CycleFoo message];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(baz);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(bar);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(foo);
+}
+
+- (void)testProto2HasMethodSupport {
+  NSArray *names = @[
+    @"Int32",
+    @"Int64",
+    @"Uint32",
+    @"Uint64",
+    @"Sint32",
+    @"Sint64",
+    @"Fixed32",
+    @"Fixed64",
+    @"Sfixed32",
+    @"Sfixed64",
+    @"Float",
+    @"Double",
+    @"Bool",
+    @"String",
+    @"Bytes",
+    @"Group",
+    @"Message",
+    @"Enum",
+  ];
+
+  // Proto2 gets:
+
+  // Single fields - has*/setHas* is valid.
+
+  for (NSString *name in names) {
+    // build the selector, i.e. - hasOptionalInt32/setHasOptionalInt32:
+    SEL hasSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"hasOptional%@", name]);
+    SEL setHasSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"setHasOptional%@:", name]);
+    XCTAssertTrue([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:hasSel], @"field: %@",
+                  name);
+    XCTAssertTrue([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:setHasSel], @"field: %@",
+                  name);
+  }
+
+  // Repeated fields
+  //  - no has*/setHas*
+  //  - *Count
+
+  for (NSString *name in names) {
+    // build the selector, i.e. - hasRepeatedInt32Array/setHasRepeatedInt32Array:
+    SEL hasSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"hasRepeated%@Array", name]);
+    SEL setHasSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"setHasRepeated%@Array:", name]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:hasSel], @"field: %@",
+                   name);
+    XCTAssertFalse([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:setHasSel],
+                   @"field: %@", name);
+    // build the selector, i.e. - repeatedInt32Array_Count
+    SEL countSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"repeated%@Array_Count", name]);
+    XCTAssertTrue([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:countSel], @"field: %@",
+                   name);
+  }
+
+  // OneOf fields - no has*/setHas*
+
+  for (NSString *name in names) {
+    // build the selector, i.e. - hasOneofInt32/setHasOneofInt32:
+    SEL hasSel =
+        NSSelectorFromString([NSString stringWithFormat:@"hasOneof%@", name]);
+    SEL setHasSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"setHasOneof%@:", name]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:hasSel], @"field: %@",
+                   name);
+    XCTAssertFalse([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:setHasSel],
+                   @"field: %@", name);
+  }
+
+  // map<> fields
+  //  - no has*/setHas*
+  //  - *Count
+
+  NSArray *mapNames = @[
+    @"Int32Int32",
+    @"Int64Int64",
+    @"Uint32Uint32",
+    @"Uint64Uint64",
+    @"Sint32Sint32",
+    @"Sint64Sint64",
+    @"Fixed32Fixed32",
+    @"Fixed64Fixed64",
+    @"Sfixed32Sfixed32",
+    @"Sfixed64Sfixed64",
+    @"Int32Float",
+    @"Int32Double",
+    @"BoolBool",
+    @"StringString",
+    @"StringBytes",
+    @"StringMessage",
+    @"Int32Bytes",
+    @"Int32Enum",
+    @"Int32Message",
+  ];
+
+  for (NSString *name in mapNames) {
+    // build the selector, i.e. - hasMapInt32Int32/setHasMapInt32Int32:
+    SEL hasSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"hasMap%@", name]);
+    SEL setHasSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"setHasMap%@:", name]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:hasSel], @"field: %@",
+                   name);
+    XCTAssertFalse([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:setHasSel],
+                   @"field: %@", name);
+    // build the selector, i.e. - mapInt32Int32Count
+    SEL countSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"map%@_Count", name]);
+    XCTAssertTrue([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:countSel], @"field: %@",
+                   name);
+  }
+
+}
+
+- (void)testProto3HasMethodSupport {
+  NSArray *names = @[
+    @"Int32",
+    @"Int64",
+    @"Uint32",
+    @"Uint64",
+    @"Sint32",
+    @"Sint64",
+    @"Fixed32",
+    @"Fixed64",
+    @"Sfixed32",
+    @"Sfixed64",
+    @"Float",
+    @"Double",
+    @"Bool",
+    @"String",
+    @"Bytes",
+    @"Message",
+    @"Enum",
+  ];
+
+  // Proto3 gets:
+
+  // Single fields
+  //  - has*/setHas* invalid for primative types.
+  //  - has*/setHas* valid for Message.
+
+  for (NSString *name in names) {
+    // build the selector, i.e. - hasOptionalInt32/setHasOptionalInt32:
+    SEL hasSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"hasOptional%@", name]);
+    SEL setHasSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"setHasOptional%@:", name]);
+    if ([name isEqual:@"Message"]) {
+      // Sub messages/groups are the exception.
+      XCTAssertTrue([Message3 instancesRespondToSelector:hasSel], @"field: %@",
+                    name);
+      XCTAssertTrue([Message3 instancesRespondToSelector:setHasSel],
+                    @"field: %@", name);
+    } else {
+      XCTAssertFalse([Message3 instancesRespondToSelector:hasSel], @"field: %@",
+                     name);
+      XCTAssertFalse([Message3 instancesRespondToSelector:setHasSel],
+                     @"field: %@", name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Repeated fields
+  //  - no has*/setHas*
+  //  - *Count
+
+  for (NSString *name in names) {
+    // build the selector, i.e. - hasRepeatedInt32Array/setHasRepeatedInt32Array:
+    SEL hasSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"hasRepeated%@Array", name]);
+    SEL setHasSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"setHasRepeated%@Array:", name]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([Message3 instancesRespondToSelector:hasSel], @"field: %@",
+                   name);
+    XCTAssertFalse([Message3 instancesRespondToSelector:setHasSel],
+                   @"field: %@", name);
+    // build the selector, i.e. - repeatedInt32Array_Count
+    SEL countSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"repeated%@Array_Count", name]);
+    XCTAssertTrue([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:countSel], @"field: %@",
+                  name);
+  }
+
+  // OneOf fields - no has*/setHas*
+
+  for (NSString *name in names) {
+    // build the selector, i.e. - hasOneofInt32/setHasOneofInt32:
+    SEL hasSel =
+        NSSelectorFromString([NSString stringWithFormat:@"hasOneof%@", name]);
+    SEL setHasSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"setHasOneof%@:", name]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:hasSel], @"field: %@",
+                   name);
+    XCTAssertFalse([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:setHasSel],
+                   @"field: %@", name);
+  }
+
+  // map<> fields
+  //  - no has*/setHas*
+  //  - *Count
+
+  NSArray *mapNames = @[
+    @"Int32Int32",
+    @"Int64Int64",
+    @"Uint32Uint32",
+    @"Uint64Uint64",
+    @"Sint32Sint32",
+    @"Sint64Sint64",
+    @"Fixed32Fixed32",
+    @"Fixed64Fixed64",
+    @"Sfixed32Sfixed32",
+    @"Sfixed64Sfixed64",
+    @"Int32Float",
+    @"Int32Double",
+    @"BoolBool",
+    @"StringString",
+    @"StringBytes",
+    @"StringMessage",
+    @"Int32Bytes",
+    @"Int32Enum",
+    @"Int32Message",
+  ];
+
+  for (NSString *name in mapNames) {
+    // build the selector, i.e. - hasMapInt32Int32/setHasMapInt32Int32:
+    SEL hasSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"hasMap%@", name]);
+    SEL setHasSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"setHasMap%@:", name]);
+    XCTAssertFalse([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:hasSel], @"field: %@",
+                   name);
+    XCTAssertFalse([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:setHasSel],
+                   @"field: %@", name);
+    // build the selector, i.e. - mapInt32Int32Count
+    SEL countSel = NSSelectorFromString(
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"map%@_Count", name]);
+    XCTAssertTrue([Message2 instancesRespondToSelector:countSel], @"field: %@",
+                   name);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testProto2SingleFieldHasBehavior {
+  //
+  // Setting to any value including the default value (0) should result has*
+  // being true.
+  //
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(FIELD, NON_ZERO_VALUE, ZERO_VALUE)
+//%  {  // optional##FIELD :: NON_ZERO_VALUE
+//%    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+//%    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptional##FIELD);
+//%    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_Optional##FIELD));
+//%    msg.optional##FIELD = NON_ZERO_VALUE;
+//%    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptional##FIELD);
+//%    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_Optional##FIELD));
+//%    [msg release];
+//%  }
+//%  {  // optional##FIELD :: ZERO_VALUE
+//%    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+//%    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptional##FIELD);
+//%    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_Optional##FIELD));
+//%    msg.optional##FIELD = ZERO_VALUE;
+//%    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptional##FIELD);
+//%    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_Optional##FIELD));
+//%    [msg release];
+//%  }
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE PROTO2_TEST_CLEAR_FIELD_WITH_NIL(FIELD, VALUE)
+//%  {  // optional##FIELD
+//%    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+//%    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_Optional##FIELD));
+//%    msg.optional##FIELD = VALUE;
+//%    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_Optional##FIELD));
+//%    msg.optional##FIELD = nil;
+//%    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_Optional##FIELD));
+//%    [msg release];
+//%  }
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELDS()
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Int32, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Int64, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Uint32, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Uint64, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Sint32, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Sint64, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Fixed32, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Fixed64, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Sfixed32, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Sfixed64, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Float, 1.0f, 0.0f)
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Double, 1.0, 0.0)
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Bool, YES, NO)
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(String, @"foo", @"")
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Bytes, [@"foo" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding], [NSData data])
+//%  //
+//%  // Test doesn't apply to optionalGroup/optionalMessage.
+//%  //
+//%
+//%PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Enum, Message2_Enum_Bar, Message2_Enum_Foo)
+//%  //
+//%  // Nil can also be used to clear strings, bytes, groups, and messages.
+//%  //
+//%
+//%PROTO2_TEST_CLEAR_FIELD_WITH_NIL(String, @"foo")
+//%PROTO2_TEST_CLEAR_FIELD_WITH_NIL(Bytes, [@"foo" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding])
+//%PROTO2_TEST_CLEAR_FIELD_WITH_NIL(Group, [Message2_OptionalGroup message])
+//%PROTO2_TEST_CLEAR_FIELD_WITH_NIL(Message, [Message2 message])
+//%PDDM-EXPAND PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELDS()
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  {  // optionalInt32 :: 1
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalInt32);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalInt32));
+    msg.optionalInt32 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalInt32);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalInt32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalInt32 :: 0
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalInt32);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalInt32));
+    msg.optionalInt32 = 0;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalInt32);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalInt32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalInt64 :: 1
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalInt64);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalInt64));
+    msg.optionalInt64 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalInt64);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalInt64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalInt64 :: 0
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalInt64);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalInt64));
+    msg.optionalInt64 = 0;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalInt64);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalInt64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalUint32 :: 1
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalUint32);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalUint32));
+    msg.optionalUint32 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalUint32);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalUint32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalUint32 :: 0
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalUint32);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalUint32));
+    msg.optionalUint32 = 0;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalUint32);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalUint32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalUint64 :: 1
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalUint64);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalUint64));
+    msg.optionalUint64 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalUint64);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalUint64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalUint64 :: 0
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalUint64);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalUint64));
+    msg.optionalUint64 = 0;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalUint64);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalUint64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalSint32 :: 1
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalSint32);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSint32));
+    msg.optionalSint32 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalSint32);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSint32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalSint32 :: 0
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalSint32);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSint32));
+    msg.optionalSint32 = 0;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalSint32);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSint32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalSint64 :: 1
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalSint64);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSint64));
+    msg.optionalSint64 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalSint64);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSint64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalSint64 :: 0
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalSint64);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSint64));
+    msg.optionalSint64 = 0;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalSint64);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSint64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalFixed32 :: 1
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalFixed32);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalFixed32));
+    msg.optionalFixed32 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalFixed32);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalFixed32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalFixed32 :: 0
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalFixed32);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalFixed32));
+    msg.optionalFixed32 = 0;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalFixed32);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalFixed32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalFixed64 :: 1
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalFixed64);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalFixed64));
+    msg.optionalFixed64 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalFixed64);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalFixed64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalFixed64 :: 0
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalFixed64);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalFixed64));
+    msg.optionalFixed64 = 0;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalFixed64);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalFixed64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalSfixed32 :: 1
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalSfixed32);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSfixed32));
+    msg.optionalSfixed32 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalSfixed32);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSfixed32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalSfixed32 :: 0
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalSfixed32);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSfixed32));
+    msg.optionalSfixed32 = 0;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalSfixed32);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSfixed32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalSfixed64 :: 1
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalSfixed64);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSfixed64));
+    msg.optionalSfixed64 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalSfixed64);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSfixed64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalSfixed64 :: 0
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalSfixed64);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSfixed64));
+    msg.optionalSfixed64 = 0;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalSfixed64);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalSfixed64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalFloat :: 1.0f
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalFloat);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalFloat));
+    msg.optionalFloat = 1.0f;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalFloat);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalFloat));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalFloat :: 0.0f
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalFloat);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalFloat));
+    msg.optionalFloat = 0.0f;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalFloat);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalFloat));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalDouble :: 1.0
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalDouble);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalDouble));
+    msg.optionalDouble = 1.0;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalDouble);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalDouble));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalDouble :: 0.0
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalDouble);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalDouble));
+    msg.optionalDouble = 0.0;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalDouble);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalDouble));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalBool :: YES
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalBool);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalBool));
+    msg.optionalBool = YES;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalBool);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalBool));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalBool :: NO
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalBool);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalBool));
+    msg.optionalBool = NO;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalBool);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalBool));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalString :: @"foo"
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalString);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalString));
+    msg.optionalString = @"foo";
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalString);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalString));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalString :: @""
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalString);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalString));
+    msg.optionalString = @"";
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalString);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalString));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalBytes :: [@"foo" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalBytes);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalBytes));
+    msg.optionalBytes = [@"foo" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalBytes);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalBytes));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalBytes :: [NSData data]
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalBytes);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalBytes));
+    msg.optionalBytes = [NSData data];
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalBytes);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalBytes));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Test doesn't apply to optionalGroup/optionalMessage.
+  //
+
+  {  // optionalEnum :: Message2_Enum_Bar
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalEnum);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalEnum));
+    msg.optionalEnum = Message2_Enum_Bar;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalEnum);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalEnum));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+  {  // optionalEnum :: Message2_Enum_Foo
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalEnum);
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalEnum));
+    msg.optionalEnum = Message2_Enum_Foo;
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalEnum);
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalEnum));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Nil can also be used to clear strings, bytes, groups, and messages.
+  //
+
+  {  // optionalString
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalString));
+    msg.optionalString = @"foo";
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalString));
+    msg.optionalString = nil;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalString));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalBytes
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalBytes));
+    msg.optionalBytes = [@"foo" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalBytes));
+    msg.optionalBytes = nil;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalBytes));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalGroup
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalGroup));
+    msg.optionalGroup = [Message2_OptionalGroup message];
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalGroup));
+    msg.optionalGroup = nil;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalGroup));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalMessage
+    Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalMessage));
+    msg.optionalMessage = [Message2 message];
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalMessage));
+    msg.optionalMessage = nil;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalMessage));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END PROTO2_TEST_HAS_FIELDS()
+}
+
+- (void)testProto3SingleFieldHasBehavior {
+  //
+  // Setting to any value but the default value (0) should result has*
+  // being true.  When set to the default, shouldn't be true.
+  //
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(FIELD, NON_ZERO_VALUE, ZERO_VALUE)
+//%  {  // optional##FIELD
+//%    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+//%    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_Optional##FIELD));
+//%    msg.optional##FIELD = NON_ZERO_VALUE;
+//%    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_Optional##FIELD));
+//%    msg.optional##FIELD = ZERO_VALUE;
+//%    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_Optional##FIELD));
+//%    [msg release];
+//%  }
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE PROTO3_TEST_CLEAR_FIELD_WITH_NIL(FIELD, VALUE)
+//%  {  // optional##FIELD
+//%    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+//%    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_Optional##FIELD));
+//%    msg.optional##FIELD = VALUE;
+//%    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_Optional##FIELD));
+//%    msg.optional##FIELD = nil;
+//%    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_Optional##FIELD));
+//%    [msg release];
+//%  }
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELDS()
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Int32, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Int64, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Uint32, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Uint64, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Sint32, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Sint64, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Fixed32, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Fixed64, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Sfixed32, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Sfixed64, 1, 0)
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Float, 1.0f, 0.0f)
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Double, 1.0, 0.0)
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Bool, YES, NO)
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(String, @"foo", @"")
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Bytes, [@"foo" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding], [NSData data])
+//%  //
+//%  // Test doesn't apply to optionalMessage (no groups in proto3).
+//%  //
+//%
+//%PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELD(Enum, Message3_Enum_Bar, Message3_Enum_Foo)
+//%  //
+//%  // Nil can also be used to clear strings, bytes, and messages (no groups in proto3).
+//%  //
+//%
+//%PROTO3_TEST_CLEAR_FIELD_WITH_NIL(String, @"foo")
+//%PROTO3_TEST_CLEAR_FIELD_WITH_NIL(Bytes, [@"foo" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding])
+//%PROTO3_TEST_CLEAR_FIELD_WITH_NIL(Message, [Message3 message])
+//%PDDM-EXPAND PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELDS()
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+  {  // optionalInt32
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalInt32));
+    msg.optionalInt32 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalInt32));
+    msg.optionalInt32 = 0;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalInt32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalInt64
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalInt64));
+    msg.optionalInt64 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalInt64));
+    msg.optionalInt64 = 0;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalInt64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalUint32
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalUint32));
+    msg.optionalUint32 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalUint32));
+    msg.optionalUint32 = 0;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalUint32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalUint64
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalUint64));
+    msg.optionalUint64 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalUint64));
+    msg.optionalUint64 = 0;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalUint64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalSint32
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalSint32));
+    msg.optionalSint32 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalSint32));
+    msg.optionalSint32 = 0;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalSint32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalSint64
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalSint64));
+    msg.optionalSint64 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalSint64));
+    msg.optionalSint64 = 0;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalSint64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalFixed32
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalFixed32));
+    msg.optionalFixed32 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalFixed32));
+    msg.optionalFixed32 = 0;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalFixed32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalFixed64
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalFixed64));
+    msg.optionalFixed64 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalFixed64));
+    msg.optionalFixed64 = 0;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalFixed64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalSfixed32
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalSfixed32));
+    msg.optionalSfixed32 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalSfixed32));
+    msg.optionalSfixed32 = 0;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalSfixed32));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalSfixed64
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalSfixed64));
+    msg.optionalSfixed64 = 1;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalSfixed64));
+    msg.optionalSfixed64 = 0;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalSfixed64));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalFloat
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalFloat));
+    msg.optionalFloat = 1.0f;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalFloat));
+    msg.optionalFloat = 0.0f;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalFloat));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalDouble
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalDouble));
+    msg.optionalDouble = 1.0;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalDouble));
+    msg.optionalDouble = 0.0;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalDouble));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalBool
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalBool));
+    msg.optionalBool = YES;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalBool));
+    msg.optionalBool = NO;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalBool));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalString
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalString));
+    msg.optionalString = @"foo";
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalString));
+    msg.optionalString = @"";
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalString));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalBytes
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalBytes));
+    msg.optionalBytes = [@"foo" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalBytes));
+    msg.optionalBytes = [NSData data];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalBytes));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Test doesn't apply to optionalMessage (no groups in proto3).
+  //
+
+  {  // optionalEnum
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalEnum));
+    msg.optionalEnum = Message3_Enum_Bar;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalEnum));
+    msg.optionalEnum = Message3_Enum_Foo;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalEnum));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Nil can also be used to clear strings, bytes, and messages (no groups in proto3).
+  //
+
+  {  // optionalString
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalString));
+    msg.optionalString = @"foo";
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalString));
+    msg.optionalString = nil;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalString));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalBytes
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalBytes));
+    msg.optionalBytes = [@"foo" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalBytes));
+    msg.optionalBytes = nil;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalBytes));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+  {  // optionalMessage
+    Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalMessage));
+    msg.optionalMessage = [Message3 message];
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalMessage));
+    msg.optionalMessage = nil;
+    XCTAssertFalse(GPBMessageHasFieldNumberSet(msg, Message3_FieldNumber_OptionalMessage));
+    [msg release];
+  }
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END PROTO3_TEST_HAS_FIELDS()
+}
+
+- (void)testAccessingProto2UnknownEnumValues {
+  Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+
+  // Set it to something non zero, try and confirm it doesn't change.
+
+  msg.optionalEnum = Message2_Enum_Bar;
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed(msg.optionalEnum = 666, NSException,
+                               NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalEnum, Message2_Enum_Bar);
+
+  msg.oneofEnum = Message2_Enum_Bar;
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed(msg.oneofEnum = 666, NSException,
+                               NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Bar);
+
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAccessingProto3UnknownEnumValues {
+  Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+
+  // Set it to something non zero, try and confirm it doesn't change.
+
+  msg.optionalEnum = Message3_Enum_Bar;
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed(msg.optionalEnum = 666, NSException,
+                               NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalEnum, Message3_Enum_Bar);
+
+  msg.oneofEnum = Message3_Enum_Bar;
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed(msg.oneofEnum = 666, NSException,
+                               NSInvalidArgumentException);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Bar);
+
+  // Set via raw api to confirm it works.
+
+  SetMessage3_OptionalEnum_RawValue(msg, 666);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalEnum,
+                 Message3_Enum_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual(Message3_OptionalEnum_RawValue(msg), 666);
+
+  SetMessage3_OneofEnum_RawValue(msg, 666);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual(Message3_OneofEnum_RawValue(msg), 666);
+
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+- (void)testProto2OneofBasicBehaviors {
+  Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+
+  NSString *oneofStringDefault = @"string";
+  NSData *oneofBytesDefault = [@"data" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+
+  // Nothing set.
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_GPBUnsetOneOfCase);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+
+  // Set, check the case, check everyone has default but the one, confirm case
+  // didn't change.
+
+  msg.oneofInt32 = 1;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32);
+
+  msg.oneofInt64 = 2;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64);
+
+  msg.oneofUint32 = 3;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32);
+
+  msg.oneofUint64 = 4;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64);
+
+  msg.oneofSint32 = 5;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 5);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32);
+
+  msg.oneofSint64 = 6;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 6);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64);
+
+  msg.oneofFixed32 = 7;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 7U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32);
+
+  msg.oneofFixed64 = 8;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 8U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64);
+
+  msg.oneofSfixed32 = 9;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 9);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32);
+
+  msg.oneofSfixed64 = 10;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 10);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64);
+
+  msg.oneofFloat = 11.0f;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 11.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat);
+
+  msg.oneofDouble = 12.0;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 12.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble);
+
+  msg.oneofBool = NO;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool);
+
+  msg.oneofString = @"foo";
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofString);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, @"foo");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofString);
+
+  msg.oneofBytes = [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes,
+                        [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes);
+
+  Message2_OneofGroup *group = [Message2_OneofGroup message];
+  msg.oneofGroup = group;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofGroup, group);  // Pointer compare.
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofGroup);
+
+  Message2 *subMessage = [Message2 message];
+  msg.oneofMessage = subMessage;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg.oneofGroup, group);      // Pointer compare.
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofMessage, subMessage);  // Pointer compare.
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage);
+
+  msg.oneofEnum = Message2_Enum_Bar;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg.oneofGroup, group);  // Pointer compare.
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg.oneofMessage, subMessage);  // Pointer compare.
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Bar);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum);
+
+  // Test setting/calling clear clearing.
+
+  [msg release];
+  msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+
+  int32_t values[] = {
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofString,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofGroup,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum,
+  };
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < GPBARRAYSIZE(values); ++i) {
+    switch (values[i]) {
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32:
+        msg.oneofInt32 = 1;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64:
+        msg.oneofInt64 = 2;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32:
+        msg.oneofUint32 = 3;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64:
+        msg.oneofUint64 = 4;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32:
+        msg.oneofSint32 = 5;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64:
+        msg.oneofSint64 = 6;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32:
+        msg.oneofFixed32 = 7;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64:
+        msg.oneofFixed64 = 8;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32:
+        msg.oneofSfixed32 = 9;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64:
+        msg.oneofSfixed64 = 10;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat:
+        msg.oneofFloat = 11.0f;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble:
+        msg.oneofDouble = 12.0;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool:
+        msg.oneofBool = YES;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofString:
+        msg.oneofString = @"foo";
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes:
+        msg.oneofBytes = [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofGroup:
+        msg.oneofGroup = group;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage:
+        msg.oneofMessage = subMessage;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum:
+        msg.oneofEnum = Message2_Enum_Bar;
+        break;
+      default:
+        XCTFail(@"shouldn't happen, loop: %zd, value: %d", i, values[i]);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, values[i], "Loop: %zd", i);
+    // No need to check the value was set, the above tests did that.
+    Message2_ClearOOneOfCase(msg);
+    // Nothing in the case.
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_GPBUnsetOneOfCase,
+                   "Loop: %zd", i);
+    // Confirm everything is back to defaults after a clear.
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(msg.oneofGroup, group, "Loop: %zd",
+                      i);  // Pointer compare.
+    XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(msg.oneofMessage, subMessage, "Loop: %zd",
+                      i);  // Pointer compare.
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz, "Loop: %zd", i);
+  }
+
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+- (void)testProto3OneofBasicBehaviors {
+  Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+
+  NSString *oneofStringDefault = @"";
+  NSData *oneofBytesDefault = [NSData data];
+
+  // Nothing set.
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_GPBUnsetOneOfCase);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+
+  // Set, check the case, check everyone has default but the one, confirm case
+  // didn't change.
+
+  msg.oneofInt32 = 1;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32);
+
+  msg.oneofInt64 = 2;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64);
+
+  msg.oneofUint32 = 3;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 3U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32);
+
+  msg.oneofUint64 = 4;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 4U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64);
+
+  msg.oneofSint32 = 5;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 5);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32);
+
+  msg.oneofSint64 = 6;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 6);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64);
+
+  msg.oneofFixed32 = 7;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 7U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32);
+
+  msg.oneofFixed64 = 8;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 8U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64);
+
+  msg.oneofSfixed32 = 9;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 9);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32);
+
+  msg.oneofSfixed64 = 10;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 10);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64);
+
+  msg.oneofFloat = 11.0f;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 11.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat);
+
+  msg.oneofDouble = 12.0;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 12.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble);
+
+  msg.oneofBool = YES;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool);
+
+  msg.oneofString = @"foo";
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofString);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, @"foo");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofString);
+
+  msg.oneofBytes = [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes,
+                        [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes);
+
+  Message3 *subMessage = [Message3 message];
+  msg.oneofMessage = subMessage;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofMessage, subMessage);  // Pointer compare.
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage);
+
+  msg.oneofEnum = Message3_Enum_Bar;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg.oneofMessage, subMessage);  // Pointer compare.
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Bar);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum);
+
+  // Test setting/calling clear clearing.
+
+  [msg release];
+  msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+
+  int32_t values[] = {
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofString,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum,
+  };
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < GPBARRAYSIZE(values); ++i) {
+    switch (values[i]) {
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32:
+        msg.oneofInt32 = 1;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64:
+        msg.oneofInt64 = 2;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32:
+        msg.oneofUint32 = 3;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64:
+        msg.oneofUint64 = 4;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32:
+        msg.oneofSint32 = 5;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64:
+        msg.oneofSint64 = 6;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32:
+        msg.oneofFixed32 = 7;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64:
+        msg.oneofFixed64 = 8;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32:
+        msg.oneofSfixed32 = 9;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64:
+        msg.oneofSfixed64 = 10;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat:
+        msg.oneofFloat = 11.0f;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble:
+        msg.oneofDouble = 12.0;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool:
+        msg.oneofBool = YES;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofString:
+        msg.oneofString = @"foo";
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes:
+        msg.oneofBytes = [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage:
+        msg.oneofMessage = subMessage;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum:
+        msg.oneofEnum = Message3_Enum_Baz;
+        break;
+      default:
+        XCTFail(@"shouldn't happen, loop: %zd, value: %d", i, values[i]);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, values[i], "Loop: %zd", i);
+    // No need to check the value was set, the above tests did that.
+    Message3_ClearOOneOfCase(msg);
+    // Nothing in the case.
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_GPBUnsetOneOfCase,
+                   "Loop: %zd", i);
+    // Confirm everything is back to defaults after a clear.
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(msg.oneofMessage, subMessage, "Loop: %zd",
+                      i);  // Pointer compare.
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo, "Loop: %zd", i);
+  }
+
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+- (void)testProto2OneofSetToDefault {
+
+  // proto3 doesn't normally write out zero (default) fields, but if they are
+  // in a oneof it does.  proto2 doesn't have this special behavior, but we
+  // still confirm setting to the explicit default does set the case to be
+  // sure the runtime is working correctly.
+
+  NSString *oneofStringDefault = @"string";
+  NSData *oneofBytesDefault = [@"data" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+
+  Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+
+  int32_t values[] = {
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofString,
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes,
+    // Skip group
+    // Skip message
+    Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum,
+  };
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < GPBARRAYSIZE(values); ++i) {
+    switch (values[i]) {
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32:
+        msg.oneofInt32 = 100;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64:
+        msg.oneofInt64 = 101;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32:
+        msg.oneofUint32 = 102;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64:
+        msg.oneofUint64 = 103;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32:
+        msg.oneofSint32 = 104;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64:
+        msg.oneofSint64 = 105;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32:
+        msg.oneofFixed32 = 106;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64:
+        msg.oneofFixed64 = 107;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32:
+        msg.oneofSfixed32 = 108;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64:
+        msg.oneofSfixed64 = 109;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat:
+        msg.oneofFloat = 110.0f;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble:
+        msg.oneofDouble = 111.0;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool:
+        msg.oneofBool = YES;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofString:
+        msg.oneofString = oneofStringDefault;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes:
+        msg.oneofBytes = oneofBytesDefault;
+        break;
+      case Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum:
+        msg.oneofEnum = Message3_Enum_Baz;
+        break;
+      default:
+        XCTFail(@"shouldn't happen, loop: %zd, value: %d", i, values[i]);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    // Should be set to the correct case.
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, values[i], "Loop: %zd", i);
+
+    // Confirm everything is the defaults.
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 100, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 101, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 102U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 103U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 104, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 105, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 106U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 107U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 108, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 109, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 110.0f, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 111.0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    // Skip group, no default to consider.
+    // Skip message, no default to consider.
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Baz, "Loop: %zd", i);
+  }
+
+  // We special case nil on string, data, group, and message, ensure they work
+  // as expected. i.e. - it clears the case.
+  msg.oneofString = nil;
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_GPBUnsetOneOfCase);
+  msg.oneofBytes = nil;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_GPBUnsetOneOfCase);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  msg.oneofGroup = nil;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_GPBUnsetOneOfCase);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofGroup);
+  msg.oneofMessage = nil;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_GPBUnsetOneOfCase);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+- (void)testProto3OneofSetToZero {
+
+  // Normally setting a proto3 field to the zero value should result in it being
+  // reset/cleared.  But in a oneof, it still gets recored so it can go out
+  // over the wire and the other side can see what was set in the oneof.
+
+  NSString *oneofStringDefault = @"";
+  NSData *oneofBytesDefault = [NSData data];
+
+  Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+
+  int32_t values[] = {
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofString,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage,
+    Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum,
+  };
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < GPBARRAYSIZE(values); ++i) {
+    switch (values[i]) {
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32:
+        msg.oneofInt32 = 0;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64:
+        msg.oneofInt64 = 0;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32:
+        msg.oneofUint32 = 0;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64:
+        msg.oneofUint64 = 0;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32:
+        msg.oneofSint32 = 0;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64:
+        msg.oneofSint64 = 0;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32:
+        msg.oneofFixed32 = 0;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64:
+        msg.oneofFixed64 = 0;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32:
+        msg.oneofSfixed32 = 0;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64:
+        msg.oneofSfixed64 = 0;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat:
+        msg.oneofFloat = 0.0f;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble:
+        msg.oneofDouble = 0.0;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool:
+        msg.oneofBool = NO;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofString:
+        msg.oneofString = oneofStringDefault;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes:
+        msg.oneofBytes = oneofBytesDefault;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage:
+        msg.oneofMessage.optionalInt32 = 0;
+        break;
+      case Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum:
+        msg.oneofEnum = Message3_Enum_Foo;
+        break;
+      default:
+        XCTFail(@"shouldn't happen, loop: %zd, value: %d", i, values[i]);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    // Should be set to the correct case.
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, values[i], "Loop: %zd", i);
+
+    // Confirm everything is still zeros.
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 0U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 0U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 0U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 0U, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 0.0f, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 0.0, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage, "Loop: %zd", i);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum_Foo, "Loop: %zd", i);
+  }
+
+  // We special case nil on string, data, message, ensure they work as expected.
+  msg.oneofString = nil;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_GPBUnsetOneOfCase);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, oneofStringDefault);
+  msg.oneofBytes = nil;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_GPBUnsetOneOfCase);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, oneofBytesDefault);
+  msg.oneofMessage = nil;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_GPBUnsetOneOfCase);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg.oneofMessage);
+
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyingMakesUniqueObjects {
+  const int repeatCount = 5;
+  TestAllTypes *msg1 = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [self setAllFields:msg1 repeatedCount:repeatCount];
+
+  TestAllTypes *msg2 = [[msg1 copy] autorelease];
+
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1, msg2);      // Ptr compare, new object.
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg1, msg2);  // Equal values.
+
+  // Pointer comparisions, different objects.
+
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.optionalGroup, msg2.optionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.optionalNestedMessage, msg2.optionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.optionalForeignMessage, msg2.optionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.optionalImportMessage, msg2.optionalImportMessage);
+
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedInt32Array, msg2.repeatedInt32Array);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedInt64Array, msg2.repeatedInt64Array);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedUint32Array, msg2.repeatedUint32Array);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedUint64Array, msg2.repeatedUint64Array);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedSint32Array, msg2.repeatedSint32Array);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedSint64Array, msg2.repeatedSint64Array);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedFixed32Array, msg2.repeatedFixed32Array);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedFixed64Array, msg2.repeatedFixed64Array);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedSfixed32Array, msg2.repeatedSfixed32Array);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedSfixed64Array, msg2.repeatedSfixed64Array);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedFloatArray, msg2.repeatedFloatArray);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedDoubleArray, msg2.repeatedDoubleArray);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedBoolArray, msg2.repeatedBoolArray);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedStringArray, msg2.repeatedStringArray);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedBytesArray, msg2.repeatedBytesArray);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedGroupArray, msg2.repeatedGroupArray);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedNestedMessageArray,
+                    msg2.repeatedNestedMessageArray);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedForeignMessageArray,
+                    msg2.repeatedForeignMessageArray);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedImportMessageArray,
+                    msg2.repeatedImportMessageArray);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedNestedEnumArray, msg2.repeatedNestedEnumArray);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedForeignEnumArray,
+                    msg2.repeatedForeignEnumArray);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedImportEnumArray, msg2.repeatedImportEnumArray);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedStringPieceArray,
+                    msg2.repeatedStringPieceArray);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedCordArray, msg2.repeatedCordArray);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < repeatCount; i++) {
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedNestedMessageArray[i],
+                      msg2.repeatedNestedMessageArray[i]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedForeignMessageArray[i],
+                      msg2.repeatedForeignMessageArray[i]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.repeatedImportMessageArray[i],
+                      msg2.repeatedImportMessageArray[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyingMapsMakesUniqueObjects {
+  TestMap *msg1 = [TestMap message];
+  [self setAllMapFields:msg1 numEntries:5];
+
+  TestMap *msg2 = [[msg1 copy] autorelease];
+
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1, msg2);      // Ptr compare, new object.
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg1, msg2);  // Equal values.
+
+  // Pointer comparisions, different objects.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapInt32Int32, msg2.mapInt32Int32);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapInt64Int64, msg2.mapInt64Int64);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapUint32Uint32, msg2.mapUint32Uint32);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapUint64Uint64, msg2.mapUint64Uint64);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapSint32Sint32, msg2.mapSint32Sint32);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapSint64Sint64, msg2.mapSint64Sint64);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapFixed32Fixed32, msg2.mapFixed32Fixed32);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapFixed64Fixed64, msg2.mapFixed64Fixed64);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapSfixed32Sfixed32, msg2.mapSfixed32Sfixed32);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapSfixed64Sfixed64, msg2.mapSfixed64Sfixed64);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapInt32Float, msg2.mapInt32Float);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapInt32Double, msg2.mapInt32Double);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapBoolBool, msg2.mapBoolBool);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapStringString, msg2.mapStringString);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapInt32Bytes, msg2.mapInt32Bytes);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapInt32Enum, msg2.mapInt32Enum);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg1.mapInt32ForeignMessage, msg2.mapInt32ForeignMessage);
+
+  // Ensure the messages are unique per map.
+  [msg1.mapInt32ForeignMessage
+      enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(int32_t key, id value, BOOL *stop) {
+#pragma unused(stop)
+        ForeignMessage *subMsg2 = [msg2.mapInt32ForeignMessage objectForKey:key];
+        XCTAssertNotEqual(value, subMsg2);  // Ptr compare, new object.
+      }];
+}
+
+- (void)test_GPBGetMessageRepeatedField {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDescriptor = [[message descriptor] fieldWithName:@"repeatedStringArray"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptor);
+  NSMutableArray *fieldArray = GPBGetMessageRepeatedField(message, fieldDescriptor);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldArray);  // Should have autocreated.
+  XCTAssertTrue(fieldArray == message.repeatedStringArray);  // Same pointer
+}
+
+- (void)test_GPBSetMessageRepeatedField {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDescriptor = [[message descriptor] fieldWithName:@"repeatedStringArray"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptor);
+
+  NSMutableArray *fieldArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:@"foo"];
+  GPBSetMessageRepeatedField(message, fieldDescriptor, fieldArray);
+  XCTAssertTrue(fieldArray == message.repeatedStringArray);  // Same pointer
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"foo", message.repeatedStringArray.firstObject);
+}
+
+- (void)test_GPBGetMessageMapField {
+  TestMap *message = [TestMap message];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDescriptor = [[message descriptor] fieldWithName:@"mapStringString"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptor);
+  NSMutableDictionary *fieldMap = GPBGetMessageMapField(message, fieldDescriptor);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldMap);  // Should have autocreated.
+  XCTAssertTrue(fieldMap == message.mapStringString);  // Same pointer
+}
+
+- (void)test_GPBSetMessageMapField {
+  TestMap *message = [TestMap message];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDescriptor = [[message descriptor] fieldWithName:@"mapStringString"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptor);
+
+  NSMutableDictionary *fieldMap = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"bar" forKey:@"foo"];
+  GPBSetMessageMapField(message, fieldDescriptor, fieldMap);
+  XCTAssertTrue(fieldMap == message.mapStringString);  // Same pointer
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"bar", message.mapStringString[@"foo"]);
+}
+
+- (void)test_StringFieldsCopy {
+  // ObjC conventions call for NSString properites to be copy, ensure
+  // that is done correctly and the string isn't simply retained.
+
+  Message2 *msg1 = [Message2 message];
+  Message2 *msg2 = [Message2 message];
+
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDesc =
+      [[Message2 descriptor] fieldWithNumber:Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalString];
+  NSMutableString *mutableStr = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"foo"];
+
+  msg1.optionalString = mutableStr;
+  GPBSetMessageStringField(msg2, fieldDesc, mutableStr);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg1.optionalString, mutableStr);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg1.optionalString, @"foo");
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg1.optionalString != mutableStr);  // Ptr comparision.
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg2.optionalString, mutableStr);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg2.optionalString, @"foo");
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg2.optionalString != mutableStr);  // Ptr comparision.
+
+  [mutableStr appendString:@"bar"];
+
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(msg1.optionalString, mutableStr);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg1.optionalString, @"foo");
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg1.optionalString != mutableStr);  // Ptr comparision.
+
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(msg2.optionalString, mutableStr);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg2.optionalString, @"foo");
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg2.optionalString != mutableStr);  // Ptr comparision.
+}
+
+- (void)test_BytesFieldsCopy {
+  // ObjC conventions call for NSData properites to be copy, ensure
+  // that is done correctly and the data isn't simply retained.
+
+  Message2 *msg1 = [Message2 message];
+  Message2 *msg2 = [Message2 message];
+
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDesc =
+      [[Message2 descriptor] fieldWithNumber:Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalBytes];
+  NSMutableData *mutableData = [NSMutableData dataWithData:DataFromCStr("abc")];
+
+  msg1.optionalBytes = mutableData;
+  GPBSetMessageBytesField(msg2, fieldDesc, mutableData);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg1.optionalBytes, mutableData);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg1.optionalBytes, DataFromCStr("abc"));
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg1.optionalBytes != mutableData);  // Ptr comparision.
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg2.optionalBytes, mutableData);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg2.optionalBytes, DataFromCStr("abc"));
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg2.optionalBytes != mutableData);  // Ptr comparision.
+
+  [mutableData appendData:DataFromCStr("123")];
+
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(msg1.optionalBytes, mutableData);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg1.optionalBytes, DataFromCStr("abc"));
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg1.optionalBytes != mutableData);  // Ptr comparision.
+
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(msg2.optionalBytes, mutableData);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg2.optionalBytes, DataFromCStr("abc"));
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg2.optionalBytes != mutableData);  // Ptr comparision.
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Subset from from map_tests.cc
+
+// TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, IsInitialized)
+- (void)testMap_IsInitialized {
+  TestRequiredMessageMap *msg = [[TestRequiredMessageMap alloc] init];
+
+  // Add an uninitialized message.
+  TestRequired *subMsg = [[TestRequired alloc] init];
+  [msg.mapField setObject:subMsg forKey:0];
+  XCTAssertFalse(msg.initialized);
+
+  // Initialize uninitialized message
+  subMsg.a = 0;
+  subMsg.b = 0;
+  subMsg.c = 0;
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg.initialized);
+
+  [subMsg release];
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBMessageTests+Serialization.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBMessageTests+Serialization.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..921feab73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBMessageTests+Serialization.m
@@ -0,0 +1,1227 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+#import <objc/runtime.h>
+
+#import "GPBMessage.h"
+
+#import "google/protobuf/MapProto2Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/MapUnittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestDropUnknownFields.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestPreserveUnknownEnum.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto2.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto3.pbobjc.h"
+
+@interface MessageSerializationTests : GPBTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation MessageSerializationTests
+
+// TODO(thomasvl): Pull tests over from GPBMessageTests that are serialization
+// specific.
+
+- (void)testProto3SerializationHandlingDefaults {
+  // Proto2 covered in other tests.
+
+  Message3 *msg = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+
+  // Add defaults, no output.
+
+  NSData *data = [msg data];
+  XCTAssertEqual([data length], 0U);
+
+  // All zeros, still nothing.
+
+  msg.optionalInt32 = 0;
+  msg.optionalInt64 = 0;
+  msg.optionalUint32 = 0;
+  msg.optionalUint64 = 0;
+  msg.optionalSint32 = 0;
+  msg.optionalSint64 = 0;
+  msg.optionalFixed32 = 0;
+  msg.optionalFixed64 = 0;
+  msg.optionalSfixed32 = 0;
+  msg.optionalSfixed64 = 0;
+  msg.optionalFloat = 0.0f;
+  msg.optionalDouble = 0.0;
+  msg.optionalBool = NO;
+  msg.optionalString = @"";
+  msg.optionalBytes = [NSData data];
+  msg.optionalEnum = Message3_Enum_Foo;  // first value
+
+  data = [msg data];
+  XCTAssertEqual([data length], 0U);
+
+  // The two that also take nil as nothing.
+
+  msg.optionalString = nil;
+  msg.optionalBytes = nil;
+
+  data = [msg data];
+  XCTAssertEqual([data length], 0U);
+
+  // Set one field...
+
+  msg.optionalInt32 = 1;
+
+  data = [msg data];
+  const uint8_t expectedBytes[] = {0x08, 0x01};
+  NSData *expected = [NSData dataWithBytes:expectedBytes length:2];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(data, expected);
+
+  // Back to zero...
+
+  msg.optionalInt32 = 0;
+
+  data = [msg data];
+  XCTAssertEqual([data length], 0U);
+
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+- (void)testProto2UnknownEnumToUnknownField {
+  Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+
+  orig.optionalEnum = Message3_Enum_Extra3;
+  orig.repeatedEnumArray =
+      [GPBEnumArray arrayWithValidationFunction:Message3_Enum_IsValidValue
+                                       rawValue:Message3_Enum_Extra3];
+  orig.oneofEnum = Message3_Enum_Extra3;
+
+  NSData *data = [orig data];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+  Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] initWithData:data error:NULL];
+
+  // None of the fields should be set.
+
+  XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalEnum);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedEnumArray.count, 0U);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_GPBUnsetOneOfCase);
+
+  // All the values should be in unknown fields.
+
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknownFields = msg.unknownFields;
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([unknownFields countOfFields], 3U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([unknownFields hasField:Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalEnum]);
+  XCTAssertTrue(
+      [unknownFields hasField:Message2_FieldNumber_RepeatedEnumArray]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([unknownFields hasField:Message2_FieldNumber_OneofEnum]);
+
+  GPBUnknownField *field =
+      [unknownFields getField:Message2_FieldNumber_OptionalEnum];
+  XCTAssertEqual(field.varintList.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([field.varintList valueAtIndex:0],
+                 (uint64_t)Message3_Enum_Extra3);
+
+  field = [unknownFields getField:Message2_FieldNumber_RepeatedEnumArray];
+  XCTAssertEqual(field.varintList.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([field.varintList valueAtIndex:0], (uint64_t)Message3_Enum_Extra3);
+
+  field = [unknownFields getField:Message2_FieldNumber_OneofEnum];
+  XCTAssertEqual(field.varintList.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([field.varintList valueAtIndex:0],
+                 (uint64_t)Message3_Enum_Extra3);
+
+  [msg release];
+  [orig release];
+}
+
+- (void)testProto3UnknownEnumPreserving {
+  UnknownEnumsMyMessagePlusExtra *orig =
+      [UnknownEnumsMyMessagePlusExtra message];
+
+  orig.e = UnknownEnumsMyEnumPlusExtra_EExtra;
+  orig.repeatedEArray = [GPBEnumArray
+      arrayWithValidationFunction:UnknownEnumsMyEnumPlusExtra_IsValidValue
+                         rawValue:UnknownEnumsMyEnumPlusExtra_EExtra];
+  orig.repeatedPackedEArray = [GPBEnumArray
+      arrayWithValidationFunction:UnknownEnumsMyEnumPlusExtra_IsValidValue
+                         rawValue:UnknownEnumsMyEnumPlusExtra_EExtra];
+  orig.oneofE1 = UnknownEnumsMyEnumPlusExtra_EExtra;
+
+  // Everything should be there via raw values.
+
+  NSData *data = [orig data];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+  UnknownEnumsMyMessage *msg =
+      [UnknownEnumsMyMessage parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.e, UnknownEnumsMyEnum_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual(UnknownEnumsMyMessage_E_RawValue(msg),
+                 UnknownEnumsMyEnumPlusExtra_EExtra);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedEArray.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([msg.repeatedEArray valueAtIndex:0],
+                 UnknownEnumsMyEnum_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual([msg.repeatedEArray rawValueAtIndex:0],
+                 (UnknownEnumsMyEnum)UnknownEnumsMyEnumPlusExtra_EExtra);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedPackedEArray.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([msg.repeatedPackedEArray valueAtIndex:0],
+                 UnknownEnumsMyEnum_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual([msg.repeatedPackedEArray rawValueAtIndex:0],
+                 (UnknownEnumsMyEnum)UnknownEnumsMyEnumPlusExtra_EExtra);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofE1,
+                 UnknownEnumsMyEnum_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue);
+  XCTAssertEqual(UnknownEnumsMyMessage_OneofE1_RawValue(msg),
+                 UnknownEnumsMyEnumPlusExtra_EExtra);
+
+  // Everything should go out and come back.
+
+  data = [msg data];
+  orig = [UnknownEnumsMyMessagePlusExtra parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(orig.e, UnknownEnumsMyEnumPlusExtra_EExtra);
+  XCTAssertEqual(orig.repeatedEArray.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([orig.repeatedEArray valueAtIndex:0],
+                 UnknownEnumsMyEnumPlusExtra_EExtra);
+  XCTAssertEqual(orig.repeatedPackedEArray.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertEqual([orig.repeatedPackedEArray valueAtIndex:0],
+                 UnknownEnumsMyEnumPlusExtra_EExtra);
+  XCTAssertEqual(orig.oneofE1, UnknownEnumsMyEnumPlusExtra_EExtra);
+}
+
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(MESSAGE, FIELD, VALUE)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF_ADV(MESSAGE, FIELD, VALUE, )
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF_ADV(MESSAGE, FIELD, VALUE, EQ_SUFFIX)
+//%  {  // oneof##FIELD
+//%    MESSAGE *orig = [[MESSAGE alloc] init];
+//%    orig.oneof##FIELD = VALUE;
+//%    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, MESSAGE##_O_OneOfCase_Oneof##FIELD);
+//%    NSData *data = [orig data];
+//%    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+//%    MESSAGE *msg = [MESSAGE parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+//%    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, MESSAGE##_O_OneOfCase_Oneof##FIELD);
+//%    XCTAssertEqual##EQ_SUFFIX(msg.oneof##FIELD, VALUE);
+//%    [orig release];
+//%  }
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOFS(SYNTAX, BOOL_NON_DEFAULT)
+//%- (void)testProto##SYNTAX##RoundTripOneof {
+//%
+//%GROUP_INIT##SYNTAX()  Message##SYNTAX *subMessage = [[Message##SYNTAX alloc] init];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(subMessage);
+//%  subMessage.optionalInt32 = 666;
+//%
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(Message##SYNTAX, Int32, 1)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(Message##SYNTAX, Int64, 2)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(Message##SYNTAX, Uint32, 3U)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(Message##SYNTAX, Uint64, 4U)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(Message##SYNTAX, Sint32, 5)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(Message##SYNTAX, Sint64, 6)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(Message##SYNTAX, Fixed32, 7U)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(Message##SYNTAX, Fixed64, 8U)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(Message##SYNTAX, Sfixed32, 9)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(Message##SYNTAX, Sfixed64, 10)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(Message##SYNTAX, Float, 11.0f)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(Message##SYNTAX, Double, 12.0)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(Message##SYNTAX, Bool, BOOL_NON_DEFAULT)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF_ADV(Message##SYNTAX, String, @"foo", Objects)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF_ADV(Message##SYNTAX, Bytes, [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding], Objects)
+//%GROUP_TEST##SYNTAX()TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF_ADV(Message##SYNTAX, Message, subMessage, Objects)
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF(Message##SYNTAX, Enum, Message2_Enum_Bar)
+//%GROUP_CLEANUP##SYNTAX()  [subMessage release];
+//%}
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE GROUP_INIT2()
+//%  Message2_OneofGroup *group = [[Message2_OneofGroup alloc] init];
+//%  XCTAssertNotNil(group);
+//%  group.a = 777;
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE GROUP_CLEANUP2()
+//%  [group release];
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE GROUP_TEST2()
+//%TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOF_ADV(Message2, Group, group, Objects)
+//%
+//%PDDM-DEFINE GROUP_INIT3()
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE GROUP_CLEANUP3()
+// Empty
+//%PDDM-DEFINE GROUP_TEST3()
+//%  // Not "group" in proto3.
+//%
+//%
+//%PDDM-EXPAND TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOFS(2, NO)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)testProto2RoundTripOneof {
+
+  Message2_OneofGroup *group = [[Message2_OneofGroup alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(group);
+  group.a = 777;
+  Message2 *subMessage = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(subMessage);
+  subMessage.optionalInt32 = 666;
+
+  {  // oneofInt32
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofInt32 = 1;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 1);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofInt64
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofInt64 = 2;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 2);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofUint32
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofUint32 = 3U;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 3U);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofUint64
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofUint64 = 4U;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 4U);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofSint32
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofSint32 = 5;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 5);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofSint64
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofSint64 = 6;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 6);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofFixed32
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofFixed32 = 7U;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 7U);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofFixed64
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofFixed64 = 8U;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 8U);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofSfixed32
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofSfixed32 = 9;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 9);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofSfixed64
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofSfixed64 = 10;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 10);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofFloat
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofFloat = 11.0f;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 11.0f);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofDouble
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofDouble = 12.0;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 12.0);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofBool
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofBool = NO;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, NO);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofString
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofString = @"foo";
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofString);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofString);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, @"foo");
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofBytes
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofBytes = [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofGroup
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofGroup = group;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofGroup);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofGroup);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofGroup, group);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofMessage
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofMessage = subMessage;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofMessage, subMessage);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofEnum
+    Message2 *orig = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofEnum = Message2_Enum_Bar;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Bar);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  [group release];
+  [subMessage release];
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND TEST_ROUNDTRIP_ONEOFS(3, YES)
+// This block of code is generated, do not edit it directly.
+
+- (void)testProto3RoundTripOneof {
+
+  Message3 *subMessage = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(subMessage);
+  subMessage.optionalInt32 = 666;
+
+  {  // oneofInt32
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofInt32 = 1;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt32);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, 1);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofInt64
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofInt64 = 2;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofInt64);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt64, 2);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofUint32
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofUint32 = 3U;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint32);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint32, 3U);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofUint64
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofUint64 = 4U;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofUint64);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofUint64, 4U);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofSint32
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofSint32 = 5;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint32);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint32, 5);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofSint64
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofSint64 = 6;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSint64);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSint64, 6);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofFixed32
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofFixed32 = 7U;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed32);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed32, 7U);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofFixed64
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofFixed64 = 8U;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFixed64);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFixed64, 8U);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofSfixed32
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofSfixed32 = 9;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed32);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed32, 9);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofSfixed64
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofSfixed64 = 10;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofSfixed64);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofSfixed64, 10);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofFloat
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofFloat = 11.0f;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofFloat);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, 11.0f);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofDouble
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofDouble = 12.0;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofDouble);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofDouble, 12.0);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofBool
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofBool = YES;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBool);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofBool, YES);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofString
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofString = @"foo";
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofString);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofString);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofString, @"foo");
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofBytes
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofBytes = [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofBytes);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofBytes, [@"bar" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  // Not "group" in proto3.
+
+  {  // oneofMessage
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofMessage = subMessage;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofMessage);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.oneofMessage, subMessage);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  {  // oneofEnum
+    Message3 *orig = [[Message3 alloc] init];
+    orig.oneofEnum = Message2_Enum_Bar;
+    XCTAssertEqual(orig.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum);
+    NSData *data = [orig data];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+    Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase_OneofEnum);
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum_Bar);
+    [orig release];
+  }
+
+  [subMessage release];
+}
+
+//%PDDM-EXPAND-END (2 expansions)
+
+- (void)testPackedUnpackedMessageParsing {
+  // packed is optional, a repeated field should parse when packed or unpacked.
+
+  TestPackedTypes *packedOrig = [TestPackedTypes message];
+  TestUnpackedTypes *unpackedOrig = [TestUnpackedTypes message];
+  [self setPackedFields:packedOrig repeatedCount:4];
+  [self setUnpackedFields:unpackedOrig repeatedCount:4];
+
+  NSData *packedData = [packedOrig data];
+  NSData *unpackedData = [unpackedOrig data];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(packedData);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(unpackedData);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(packedData, unpackedData,
+                           @"Data should differ (packed vs unpacked) use");
+
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  TestPackedTypes *packedParse =
+      [TestPackedTypes parseFromData:unpackedData error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(packedParse);
+  XCTAssertNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(packedParse, packedOrig);
+
+  error = nil;
+  TestUnpackedTypes *unpackedParsed =
+      [TestUnpackedTypes parseFromData:packedData error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(unpackedParsed);
+  XCTAssertNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(unpackedParsed, unpackedOrig);
+}
+
+- (void)testPackedUnpackedExtensionParsing {
+  // packed is optional, a repeated extension should parse when packed or
+  // unpacked.
+
+  TestPackedExtensions *packedOrig = [TestPackedExtensions message];
+  TestUnpackedExtensions *unpackedOrig = [TestUnpackedExtensions message];
+  [self setPackedExtensions:packedOrig repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [self setUnpackedExtensions:unpackedOrig repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+
+  NSData *packedData = [packedOrig data];
+  NSData *unpackedData = [unpackedOrig data];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(packedData);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(unpackedData);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(packedData, unpackedData,
+                           @"Data should differ (packed vs unpacked) use");
+
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  TestPackedExtensions *packedParse =
+      [TestPackedExtensions parseFromData:unpackedData
+                        extensionRegistry:[UnittestRoot extensionRegistry]
+                                    error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(packedParse);
+  XCTAssertNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(packedParse, packedOrig);
+
+  error = nil;
+  TestUnpackedExtensions *unpackedParsed =
+      [TestUnpackedExtensions parseFromData:packedData
+                          extensionRegistry:[UnittestRoot extensionRegistry]
+                                      error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(unpackedParsed);
+  XCTAssertNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(unpackedParsed, unpackedOrig);
+}
+
+- (void)testPackedExtensionVsFieldParsing {
+  // Extensions and fields end up on the wire the same way, so they can parse
+  // each other.
+
+  TestPackedTypes *fieldsOrig = [TestPackedTypes message];
+  TestPackedExtensions *extsOrig = [TestPackedExtensions message];
+  [self setPackedFields:fieldsOrig repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [self setPackedExtensions:extsOrig repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+
+  NSData *fieldsData = [fieldsOrig data];
+  NSData *extsData = [extsOrig data];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldsData);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(extsData);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(fieldsData, extsData);
+
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  TestPackedTypes *fieldsParse =
+      [TestPackedTypes parseFromData:extsData error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldsParse);
+  XCTAssertNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(fieldsParse, fieldsOrig);
+
+  error = nil;
+  TestPackedExtensions *extsParse =
+      [TestPackedExtensions parseFromData:fieldsData
+                        extensionRegistry:[UnittestRoot extensionRegistry]
+                                    error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(extsParse);
+  XCTAssertNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(extsParse, extsOrig);
+}
+
+- (void)testUnpackedExtensionVsFieldParsing {
+  // Extensions and fields end up on the wire the same way, so they can parse
+  // each other.
+
+  TestUnpackedTypes *fieldsOrig = [TestUnpackedTypes message];
+  TestUnpackedExtensions *extsOrig = [TestUnpackedExtensions message];
+  [self setUnpackedFields:fieldsOrig repeatedCount:3];
+  [self setUnpackedExtensions:extsOrig repeatedCount:3];
+
+  NSData *fieldsData = [fieldsOrig data];
+  NSData *extsData = [extsOrig data];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldsData);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(extsData);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(fieldsData, extsData);
+
+  TestUnpackedTypes *fieldsParse =
+      [TestUnpackedTypes parseFromData:extsData error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldsParse);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(fieldsParse, fieldsOrig);
+
+  TestUnpackedExtensions *extsParse =
+      [TestUnpackedExtensions parseFromData:fieldsData
+                          extensionRegistry:[UnittestRoot extensionRegistry]
+                                      error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(extsParse);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(extsParse, extsOrig);
+}
+
+- (void)testErrorSubsectionInvalidLimit {
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr(
+      "\x0A\x08\x0A\x07\x12\x04\x72\x02\x4B\x50\x12\x04\x72\x02\x4B\x50");
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  NestedTestAllTypes *msg = [NestedTestAllTypes parseFromData:data
+                                                        error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNil(msg);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(error.domain, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain);
+  XCTAssertEqual(error.code, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidSubsectionLimit);
+}
+
+- (void)testErrorSubsectionLimitReached {
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("\x0A\x06\x12\x03\x72\x02\x4B\x50");
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  NestedTestAllTypes *msg = [NestedTestAllTypes parseFromData:data
+                                                        error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNil(msg);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(error.domain, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain);
+  XCTAssertEqual(error.code, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorSubsectionLimitReached);
+}
+
+- (void)testErrorInvalidVarint {
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("\x72\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF");
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  TestAllTypes *msg = [TestAllTypes parseFromData:data error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNil(msg);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(error.domain, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain);
+  XCTAssertEqual(error.code, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidVarInt);
+}
+
+- (void)testErrorInvalidUTF8 {
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("\x72\x04\xF4\xFF\xFF\xFF");
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  TestAllTypes *msg = [TestAllTypes parseFromData:data error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNil(msg);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(error.domain, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain);
+  XCTAssertEqual(error.code, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidUTF8);
+}
+
+- (void)testErrorInvalidSize {
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("\x72\x03\x4B\x50");
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  NestedTestAllTypes *msg = [NestedTestAllTypes parseFromData:data
+                                                        error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNil(msg);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(error.domain, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain);
+  XCTAssertEqual(error.code, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidSize);
+}
+
+- (void)testErrorInvalidTag {
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("\x0F");
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  NestedTestAllTypes *msg = [NestedTestAllTypes parseFromData:data
+                                                        error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNil(msg);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(error.domain, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain);
+  XCTAssertEqual(error.code, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidTag);
+}
+
+- (void)testZeroFieldNum {
+  // These are ConformanceTestSuite::TestIllegalTags.
+
+  const char *tests[] = {
+    "\1DEADBEEF",
+    "\2\1\1",
+    "\3\4",
+    "\5DEAD"
+  };
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < GPBARRAYSIZE(tests); ++i) {
+    NSData *data = DataFromCStr(tests[i]);
+
+    {
+      // Message from proto2 syntax file
+      NSError *error = nil;
+      Message2 *msg = [Message2 parseFromData:data error:&error];
+      XCTAssertNil(msg, @"i = %zd", i);
+      XCTAssertNotNil(error, @"i = %zd", i);
+      XCTAssertEqualObjects(error.domain, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain, @"i = %zd", i);
+      XCTAssertEqual(error.code, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidTag, @"i = %zd", i);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Message from proto3 syntax file
+      NSError *error = nil;
+      Message3 *msg = [Message3 parseFromData:data error:&error];
+      XCTAssertNil(msg, @"i = %zd", i);
+      XCTAssertNotNil(error, @"i = %zd", i);
+      XCTAssertEqualObjects(error.domain, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain, @"i = %zd", i);
+      XCTAssertEqual(error.code, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidTag, @"i = %zd", i);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testErrorRecursionDepthReached {
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr(
+      "\x0A\xF2\x01\x0A\xEF\x01\x0A\xEC\x01\x0A\xE9\x01\x0A\xE6\x01"
+      "\x0A\xE3\x01\x0A\xE0\x01\x0A\xDD\x01\x0A\xDA\x01\x0A\xD7\x01"
+      "\x0A\xD4\x01\x0A\xD1\x01\x0A\xCE\x01\x0A\xCB\x01\x0A\xC8\x01"
+      "\x0A\xC5\x01\x0A\xC2\x01\x0A\xBF\x01\x0A\xBC\x01\x0A\xB9\x01"
+      "\x0A\xB6\x01\x0A\xB3\x01\x0A\xB0\x01\x0A\xAD\x01\x0A\xAA\x01"
+      "\x0A\xA7\x01\x0A\xA4\x01\x0A\xA1\x01\x0A\x9E\x01\x0A\x9B\x01"
+      "\x0A\x98\x01\x0A\x95\x01\x0A\x92\x01\x0A\x8F\x01\x0A\x8C\x01"
+      "\x0A\x89\x01\x0A\x86\x01\x0A\x83\x01\x0A\x80\x01\x0A\x7E"
+      "\x0A\x7C\x0A\x7A\x0A\x78\x0A\x76\x0A\x74\x0A\x72\x0A\x70"
+      "\x0A\x6E\x0A\x6C\x0A\x6A\x0A\x68\x0A\x66\x0A\x64\x0A\x62"
+      "\x0A\x60\x0A\x5E\x0A\x5C\x0A\x5A\x0A\x58\x0A\x56\x0A\x54"
+      "\x0A\x52\x0A\x50\x0A\x4E\x0A\x4C\x0A\x4A\x0A\x48\x0A\x46"
+      "\x0A\x44\x0A\x42\x0A\x40\x0A\x3E\x0A\x3C\x0A\x3A\x0A\x38"
+      "\x0A\x36\x0A\x34\x0A\x32\x0A\x30\x0A\x2E\x0A\x2C\x0A\x2A"
+      "\x0A\x28\x0A\x26\x0A\x24\x0A\x22\x0A\x20\x0A\x1E\x0A\x1C"
+      "\x0A\x1A\x0A\x18\x0A\x16\x0A\x14\x0A\x12\x0A\x10\x0A\x0E"
+      "\x0A\x0C\x0A\x0A\x0A\x08\x0A\x06\x12\x04\x72\x02\x4B\x50");
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  NestedTestAllTypes *msg = [NestedTestAllTypes parseFromData:data
+                                                        error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNil(msg);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(error.domain, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain);
+  XCTAssertEqual(error.code, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorRecursionDepthExceeded);
+}
+
+- (void)testParseDelimitedDataWithNegativeSize {
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\x0F");
+  GPBCodedInputStream *input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+  NSError *error;
+  [GPBMessage parseDelimitedFromCodedInputStream:input
+                               extensionRegistry:nil
+                                           error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNil(error);
+}
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+- (void)testErrorMissingRequiredField {
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("");
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  TestRequired *msg = [TestRequired parseFromData:data error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNil(msg);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(error.domain, GPBMessageErrorDomain);
+  XCTAssertEqual(error.code, GPBMessageErrorCodeMissingRequiredField);
+}
+#endif
+
+#pragma mark - Subset from from map_tests.cc
+
+// TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, StandardWireFormat)
+- (void)testMap_StandardWireFormat {
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("\x0A\x04\x08\x01\x10\x01");
+
+  TestMap *msg = [[TestMap alloc] initWithData:data error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Int32.count, 1U);
+  int32_t val = 666;
+  XCTAssertTrue([msg.mapInt32Int32 getInt32:&val forKey:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(val, 1);
+
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+// TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, UnorderedWireFormat)
+- (void)testMap_UnorderedWireFormat {
+  // put value before key in wire format
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("\x0A\x04\x10\x01\x08\x02");
+
+  TestMap *msg = [[TestMap alloc] initWithData:data error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Int32.count, 1U);
+  int32_t val = 666;
+  XCTAssertTrue([msg.mapInt32Int32 getInt32:&val forKey:2]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(val, 1);
+
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+// TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, DuplicatedKeyWireFormat)
+- (void)testMap_DuplicatedKeyWireFormat {
+  // Two key fields in wire format
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("\x0A\x06\x08\x01\x08\x02\x10\x01");
+
+  TestMap *msg = [[TestMap alloc] initWithData:data error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Int32.count, 1U);
+  int32_t val = 666;
+  XCTAssertTrue([msg.mapInt32Int32 getInt32:&val forKey:2]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(val, 1);
+
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+// TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, DuplicatedValueWireFormat)
+- (void)testMap_DuplicatedValueWireFormat {
+  // Two value fields in wire format
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("\x0A\x06\x08\x01\x10\x01\x10\x02");
+
+  TestMap *msg = [[TestMap alloc] initWithData:data error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Int32.count, 1U);
+  int32_t val = 666;
+  XCTAssertTrue([msg.mapInt32Int32 getInt32:&val forKey:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(val, 2);
+
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+// TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, MissedKeyWireFormat)
+- (void)testMap_MissedKeyWireFormat {
+  // No key field in wire format
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("\x0A\x02\x10\x01");
+
+  TestMap *msg = [[TestMap alloc] initWithData:data error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Int32.count, 1U);
+  int32_t val = 666;
+  XCTAssertTrue([msg.mapInt32Int32 getInt32:&val forKey:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(val, 1);
+
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+// TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, MissedValueWireFormat)
+- (void)testMap_MissedValueWireFormat {
+  // No value field in wire format
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("\x0A\x02\x08\x01");
+
+  TestMap *msg = [[TestMap alloc] initWithData:data error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Int32.count, 1U);
+  int32_t val = 666;
+  XCTAssertTrue([msg.mapInt32Int32 getInt32:&val forKey:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(val, 0);
+
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+// TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, UnknownFieldWireFormat)
+- (void)testMap_UnknownFieldWireFormat {
+  // Unknown field in wire format
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("\x0A\x06\x08\x02\x10\x03\x18\x01");
+
+  TestMap *msg = [[TestMap alloc] initWithData:data error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Int32.count, 1U);
+  int32_t val = 666;
+  XCTAssertTrue([msg.mapInt32Int32 getInt32:&val forKey:2]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(val, 3);
+
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+// TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, CorruptedWireFormat)
+- (void)testMap_CorruptedWireFormat {
+  // corrupted data in wire format
+  NSData *data = DataFromCStr("\x0A\x06\x08\x02\x11\x03");
+
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  TestMap *msg = [TestMap parseFromData:data error:&error];
+  XCTAssertNil(msg);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(error.domain, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorDomain);
+  XCTAssertEqual(error.code, GPBCodedInputStreamErrorInvalidSubsectionLimit);
+}
+
+// TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, Proto2UnknownEnum)
+- (void)testMap_Proto2UnknownEnum {
+  TestEnumMapPlusExtra *orig = [[TestEnumMapPlusExtra alloc] init];
+
+  orig.knownMapField = [[[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc]
+      initWithValidationFunction:Proto2MapEnumPlusExtra_IsValidValue] autorelease];
+  orig.unknownMapField = [[[GPBInt32EnumDictionary alloc]
+      initWithValidationFunction:Proto2MapEnumPlusExtra_IsValidValue] autorelease];
+  [orig.knownMapField setEnum:Proto2MapEnumPlusExtra_EProto2MapEnumFoo
+                       forKey:0];
+  [orig.unknownMapField setEnum:Proto2MapEnumPlusExtra_EProto2MapEnumExtra
+                         forKey:0];
+
+  NSData *data = [orig data];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+  TestEnumMap *msg1 = [TestEnumMap parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg1.knownMapField.count, 1U);
+  int32_t val = -1;
+  XCTAssertTrue([msg1.knownMapField getEnum:&val forKey:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(val, Proto2MapEnum_Proto2MapEnumFoo);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg1.unknownFields.countOfFields, 1U);
+
+  data = [msg1 data];
+  TestEnumMapPlusExtra *msg2 =
+      [TestEnumMapPlusExtra parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+  val = -1;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg2.knownMapField.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([msg2.knownMapField getEnum:&val forKey:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(val, Proto2MapEnumPlusExtra_EProto2MapEnumFoo);
+  val = -1;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg2.unknownMapField.count, 1U);
+  XCTAssertTrue([msg2.unknownMapField getEnum:&val forKey:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(val, Proto2MapEnumPlusExtra_EProto2MapEnumExtra);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg2.unknownFields.countOfFields, 0U);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(orig, msg2);
+
+  [orig release];
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Map Round Tripping
+
+- (void)testProto2MapRoundTripping {
+  Message2 *msg = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+
+  // Key/Value data should result in different byte lengths on wire to ensure
+  // everything is right.
+  [msg.mapInt32Int32 setInt32:1000 forKey:200];
+  [msg.mapInt32Int32 setInt32:101 forKey:2001];
+  [msg.mapInt64Int64 setInt64:1002 forKey:202];
+  [msg.mapInt64Int64 setInt64:103 forKey:2003];
+  [msg.mapInt64Int64 setInt64:4294967296 forKey:4294967297];
+  [msg.mapUint32Uint32 setUInt32:1004 forKey:204];
+  [msg.mapUint32Uint32 setUInt32:105 forKey:2005];
+  [msg.mapUint64Uint64 setUInt64:1006 forKey:206];
+  [msg.mapUint64Uint64 setUInt64:107 forKey:2007];
+  [msg.mapUint64Uint64 setUInt64:4294967298 forKey:4294967299];
+  [msg.mapSint32Sint32 setInt32:1008 forKey:208];
+  [msg.mapSint32Sint32 setInt32:109 forKey:2009];
+  [msg.mapSint64Sint64 setInt64:1010 forKey:210];
+  [msg.mapSint64Sint64 setInt64:111 forKey:2011];
+  [msg.mapSint64Sint64 setInt64:4294967300 forKey:4294967301];
+  [msg.mapFixed32Fixed32 setUInt32:1012 forKey:212];
+  [msg.mapFixed32Fixed32 setUInt32:113 forKey:2013];
+  [msg.mapFixed64Fixed64 setUInt64:1014 forKey:214];
+  [msg.mapFixed64Fixed64 setUInt64:115 forKey:2015];
+  [msg.mapFixed64Fixed64 setUInt64:4294967302 forKey:4294967303];
+  [msg.mapSfixed32Sfixed32 setInt32:1016 forKey:216];
+  [msg.mapSfixed32Sfixed32 setInt32:117 forKey:2017];
+  [msg.mapSfixed64Sfixed64 setInt64:1018 forKey:218];
+  [msg.mapSfixed64Sfixed64 setInt64:119 forKey:2019];
+  [msg.mapSfixed64Sfixed64 setInt64:4294967304 forKey:4294967305];
+  [msg.mapInt32Float setFloat:1020.f forKey:220];
+  [msg.mapInt32Float setFloat:121.f forKey:2021];
+  [msg.mapInt32Double setDouble:1022. forKey:222];
+  [msg.mapInt32Double setDouble:123. forKey:2023];
+  [msg.mapBoolBool setBool:false forKey:true];
+  [msg.mapBoolBool setBool:true forKey:false];
+  msg.mapStringString[@"224"] = @"1024";
+  msg.mapStringString[@"2025"] = @"125";
+  msg.mapStringBytes[@"226"] = DataFromCStr("1026");
+  msg.mapStringBytes[@"2027"] = DataFromCStr("127");
+  Message2 *val1 = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+  val1.optionalInt32 = 1028;
+  Message2 *val2 = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+  val2.optionalInt32 = 129;
+  [msg.mapStringMessage setObject:val1 forKey:@"228"];
+  [msg.mapStringMessage setObject:val2 forKey:@"2029"];
+  [msg.mapInt32Bytes setObject:DataFromCStr("1030 bytes") forKey:230];
+  [msg.mapInt32Bytes setObject:DataFromCStr("131") forKey:2031];
+  [msg.mapInt32Enum setEnum:Message2_Enum_Bar forKey:232];
+  [msg.mapInt32Enum setEnum:Message2_Enum_Baz forKey:2033];
+  Message2 *val3 = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+  val3.optionalInt32 = 1034;
+  Message2 *val4 = [[Message2 alloc] init];
+  val4.optionalInt32 = 135;
+  [msg.mapInt32Message setObject:val3 forKey:234];
+  [msg.mapInt32Message setObject:val4 forKey:2035];
+
+  NSData *data = [msg data];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+  Message2 *msg2 = [[Message2 alloc] initWithData:data error:NULL];
+
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(msg2, msg);  // Pointer comparison
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg2, msg);
+
+  [val4 release];
+  [val3 release];
+  [val2 release];
+  [val1 release];
+  [msg2 release];
+  [msg release];
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBMessageTests.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBMessageTests.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dec6cd7e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBMessageTests.m
@@ -0,0 +1,2210 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+#import <objc/runtime.h>
+
+#import "GPBArray_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+#import "GPBDictionary_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownField_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownFieldSet_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestObjc.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestObjcOptions.pbobjc.h"
+
+@interface MessageTests : GPBTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation MessageTests
+
+// TODO(thomasvl): this should get split into a few files of logic junks, it is
+// a jumble of things at the moment (and the testutils have a bunch of the real
+// assertions).
+
+- (TestAllTypes *)mergeSource {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [message setOptionalInt32:1];
+  [message setOptionalString:@"foo"];
+  [message setOptionalForeignMessage:[ForeignMessage message]];
+  [message.repeatedStringArray addObject:@"bar"];
+  return message;
+}
+
+- (TestAllTypes *)mergeDestination {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [message setOptionalInt64:2];
+  [message setOptionalString:@"baz"];
+  ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [ForeignMessage message];
+  [foreignMessage setC:3];
+  [message setOptionalForeignMessage:foreignMessage];
+  [message.repeatedStringArray addObject:@"qux"];
+  return message;
+}
+
+- (TestAllTypes *)mergeDestinationWithoutForeignMessageIvar {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [message setOptionalInt64:2];
+  [message setOptionalString:@"baz"];
+  [message.repeatedStringArray addObject:@"qux"];
+  return message;
+}
+
+- (TestAllTypes *)mergeResult {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [message setOptionalInt32:1];
+  [message setOptionalInt64:2];
+  [message setOptionalString:@"foo"];
+  ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [ForeignMessage message];
+  [foreignMessage setC:3];
+  [message setOptionalForeignMessage:foreignMessage];
+  [message.repeatedStringArray addObject:@"qux"];
+  [message.repeatedStringArray addObject:@"bar"];
+  return message;
+}
+
+- (TestAllTypes *)mergeResultForDestinationWithoutForeignMessageIvar {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [message setOptionalInt32:1];
+  [message setOptionalInt64:2];
+  [message setOptionalString:@"foo"];
+  ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [ForeignMessage message];
+  [message setOptionalForeignMessage:foreignMessage];
+  [message.repeatedStringArray addObject:@"qux"];
+  [message.repeatedStringArray addObject:@"bar"];
+  return message;
+}
+
+- (TestAllExtensions *)mergeExtensionsDestination {
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension] value:@5];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringExtension] value:@"foo"];
+  ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [ForeignMessage message];
+  foreignMessage.c = 4;
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]
+                  value:foreignMessage];
+  TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *nestedMessage =
+      [TestAllTypes_NestedMessage message];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]
+                  value:nestedMessage];
+  return message;
+}
+
+- (TestAllExtensions *)mergeExtensionsSource {
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt64Extension] value:@6];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringExtension] value:@"bar"];
+  ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [ForeignMessage message];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]
+                  value:foreignMessage];
+  TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *nestedMessage =
+      [TestAllTypes_NestedMessage message];
+  nestedMessage.bb = 7;
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]
+                  value:nestedMessage];
+  return message;
+}
+
+- (TestAllExtensions *)mergeExtensionsResult {
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension] value:@5];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt64Extension] value:@6];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringExtension] value:@"bar"];
+  ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [ForeignMessage message];
+  foreignMessage.c = 4;
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]
+                  value:foreignMessage];
+  TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *nestedMessage =
+      [TestAllTypes_NestedMessage message];
+  nestedMessage.bb = 7;
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]
+                  value:nestedMessage];
+  return message;
+}
+
+- (void)testMergeFrom {
+  TestAllTypes *result = [[self.mergeDestination copy] autorelease];
+  [result mergeFrom:self.mergeSource];
+  NSData *resultData = [result data];
+  NSData *mergeResultData = [self.mergeResult data];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(resultData, mergeResultData);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(result, self.mergeResult);
+
+  // Test when destination does not have an Ivar (type is an object) but source
+  // has such Ivar.
+  // The result must has the Ivar which is same as the one in source.
+  result = [[self.mergeDestinationWithoutForeignMessageIvar copy] autorelease];
+  [result mergeFrom:self.mergeSource];
+  resultData = [result data];
+  mergeResultData =
+      [self.mergeResultForDestinationWithoutForeignMessageIvar data];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(resultData, mergeResultData);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(
+      result, self.mergeResultForDestinationWithoutForeignMessageIvar);
+
+  // Test when destination is empty.
+  // The result must is same as the source.
+  result = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [result mergeFrom:self.mergeSource];
+  resultData = [result data];
+  mergeResultData = [self.mergeSource data];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(resultData, mergeResultData);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(result, self.mergeSource);
+}
+
+- (void)testMergeFromWithExtensions {
+  TestAllExtensions *result = [self mergeExtensionsDestination];
+  [result mergeFrom:[self mergeExtensionsSource]];
+  NSData *resultData = [result data];
+  NSData *mergeResultData = [[self mergeExtensionsResult] data];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(resultData, mergeResultData);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(result, [self mergeExtensionsResult]);
+
+  // Test merging from data.
+  result = [self mergeExtensionsDestination];
+  NSData *data = [[self mergeExtensionsSource] data];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+  [result mergeFromData:data
+      extensionRegistry:[UnittestRoot extensionRegistry]];
+  resultData = [result data];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(resultData, mergeResultData);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(result, [self mergeExtensionsResult]);
+}
+
+- (void)testIsEquals {
+  TestAllTypes *result = [[self.mergeDestination copy] autorelease];
+  [result mergeFrom:self.mergeSource];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(result.data, self.mergeResult.data);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(result, self.mergeResult);
+  TestAllTypes *result2 = [[self.mergeDestination copy] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(result2.data, self.mergeResult.data);
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(result2, self.mergeResult);
+}
+
+// =================================================================
+// Required-field-related tests.
+
+- (TestRequired *)testRequiredInitialized {
+  TestRequired *message = [TestRequired message];
+  [message setA:1];
+  [message setB:2];
+  [message setC:3];
+  return message;
+}
+
+- (void)testRequired {
+  TestRequired *message = [TestRequired message];
+
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.initialized);
+  [message setA:1];
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.initialized);
+  [message setB:1];
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.initialized);
+  [message setC:1];
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.initialized);
+}
+
+- (void)testRequiredForeign {
+  TestRequiredForeign *message = [TestRequiredForeign message];
+
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.initialized);
+
+  [message setOptionalMessage:[TestRequired message]];
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.initialized);
+
+  [message setOptionalMessage:self.testRequiredInitialized];
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.initialized);
+
+  [message.repeatedMessageArray addObject:[TestRequired message]];
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.initialized);
+
+  [message.repeatedMessageArray removeAllObjects];
+  [message.repeatedMessageArray addObject:self.testRequiredInitialized];
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.initialized);
+}
+
+- (void)testRequiredExtension {
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.initialized);
+
+  [message setExtension:[TestRequired single] value:[TestRequired message]];
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.initialized);
+
+  [message setExtension:[TestRequired single]
+                  value:self.testRequiredInitialized];
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.initialized);
+
+  [message addExtension:[TestRequired multi] value:[TestRequired message]];
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.initialized);
+
+  [message setExtension:[TestRequired multi]
+                  index:0
+                  value:self.testRequiredInitialized];
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.initialized);
+}
+
+- (void)testDataFromUninitialized {
+  TestRequired *message = [TestRequired message];
+  NSData *data = [message data];
+  // In DEBUG, the data generation will fail, but in non DEBUG, it passes
+  // because the check isn't done (for speed).
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  XCTAssertNil(data);
+#else
+  XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.initialized);
+#endif  // DEBUG
+}
+
+- (void)testInitialized {
+  // We're mostly testing that no exception is thrown.
+  TestRequired *message = [TestRequired message];
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.initialized);
+}
+
+- (void)testDataFromNestedUninitialized {
+  TestRequiredForeign *message = [TestRequiredForeign message];
+  [message setOptionalMessage:[TestRequired message]];
+  [message.repeatedMessageArray addObject:[TestRequired message]];
+  [message.repeatedMessageArray addObject:[TestRequired message]];
+  NSData *data = [message data];
+  // In DEBUG, the data generation will fail, but in non DEBUG, it passes
+  // because the check isn't done (for speed).
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  XCTAssertNil(data);
+#else
+  XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.initialized);
+#endif  // DEBUG
+}
+
+- (void)testNestedInitialized {
+  // We're mostly testing that no exception is thrown.
+
+  TestRequiredForeign *message = [TestRequiredForeign message];
+  [message setOptionalMessage:[TestRequired message]];
+  [message.repeatedMessageArray addObject:[TestRequired message]];
+  [message.repeatedMessageArray addObject:[TestRequired message]];
+
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.initialized);
+}
+
+- (void)testParseUninitialized {
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  TestRequired *msg =
+      [TestRequired parseFromData:GPBEmptyNSData() error:&error];
+  // In DEBUG, the parse will fail, but in non DEBUG, it passes because
+  // the check isn't done (for speed).
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  XCTAssertNil(msg);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(error);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(error.domain, GPBMessageErrorDomain);
+  XCTAssertEqual(error.code, GPBMessageErrorCodeMissingRequiredField);
+#else
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg);
+  XCTAssertNil(error);
+  XCTAssertFalse(msg.initialized);
+#endif  // DEBUG
+}
+
+- (void)testCoding {
+  GPBMessage *original = [self mergeResult];
+  NSData *data =
+      [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:original];
+  id unarchivedObject = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:data];
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(unarchivedObject, original);
+
+  // Intentionally doing a pointer comparison.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(unarchivedObject, original);
+}
+
+- (void)testSecureCoding {
+  GPBMessage *original = [self mergeResult];
+
+  NSString *key = @"testing123";
+
+  NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData data];
+  NSKeyedArchiver *archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:data];
+  [archiver setRequiresSecureCoding:YES];
+  [archiver encodeObject:original forKey:key];
+  [archiver finishEncoding];
+
+  NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:data];
+  [unarchiver setRequiresSecureCoding:YES];
+  id unarchivedObject = [unarchiver decodeObjectOfClass:[GPBMessage class]
+                                                 forKey:key];
+  [unarchiver finishDecoding];
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(unarchivedObject, original);
+
+  // Intentionally doing a pointer comparison.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(unarchivedObject, original);
+}
+
+- (void)testObjectReset {
+  // Tests a failure where clearing out defaults values caused an over release.
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  message.hasOptionalNestedMessage = NO;
+  [message setOptionalNestedMessage:[TestAllTypes_NestedMessage message]];
+  message.hasOptionalNestedMessage = NO;
+  [message setOptionalNestedMessage:[TestAllTypes_NestedMessage message]];
+  [message setOptionalNestedMessage:nil];
+  message.hasOptionalNestedMessage = NO;
+}
+
+- (void)testSettingHasToYes {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  XCTAssertThrows([message setHasOptionalNestedMessage:YES]);
+}
+
+- (void)testRoot {
+  XCTAssertNotNil([UnittestRoot extensionRegistry]);
+}
+
+- (void)testGPBMessageSize {
+  // See the note in GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h about why we want to keep the
+  // base instance size pointer size aligned.
+  size_t messageSize = class_getInstanceSize([GPBMessage class]);
+  XCTAssertEqual((messageSize % sizeof(void *)), (size_t)0,
+                 @"Base size isn't pointer size aligned");
+
+  // Since we add storage ourselves (see +allocWithZone: in GPBMessage), confirm
+  // that the size of some generated classes is still the same as the base for
+  // that logic to work as desired.
+  size_t testMessageSize = class_getInstanceSize([TestAllTypes class]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(testMessageSize, messageSize);
+}
+
+- (void)testInit {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [self assertClear:message];
+}
+
+- (void)testAccessors {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [self setAllFields:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [self assertAllFieldsSet:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+}
+
+- (void)testKVC_ValueForKey {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [self setAllFields:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [self assertAllFieldsKVCMatch:message];
+}
+
+- (void)testKVC_SetValue_ForKey {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [self setAllFieldsViaKVC:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [self assertAllFieldsKVCMatch:message];
+  [self assertAllFieldsSet:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [self assertAllFieldsKVCMatch:message];
+}
+
+- (void)testDescription {
+  // No real test, just exercise code
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [self setAllFields:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknownFields =
+      [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  GPBUnknownField *field =
+      [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:2] autorelease];
+  [field addVarint:2];
+  [unknownFields addField:field];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:3] autorelease];
+  [field addVarint:4];
+  [unknownFields addField:field];
+
+  [message setUnknownFields:unknownFields];
+
+  NSString *description = [message description];
+  XCTAssertGreaterThan([description length], 0U);
+
+  GPBMessage *message2 = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [message2 setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension] value:@1];
+
+  [message2 addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt32Extension] value:@2];
+
+  description = [message2 description];
+  XCTAssertGreaterThan([description length], 0U);
+}
+
+- (void)testSetter {
+  // Test to make sure that if we set a value that has a default value
+  // with the default, that the has is set, and the value gets put into the
+  // message correctly.
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [[message class] descriptor];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(descriptor);
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDescriptor =
+      [descriptor fieldWithName:@"defaultInt32"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptor);
+  GPBGenericValue defaultValue = [fieldDescriptor defaultValue];
+  [message setDefaultInt32:defaultValue.valueInt32];
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultInt32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.defaultInt32, defaultValue.valueInt32);
+
+  // Do the same thing with an object type.
+  message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  fieldDescriptor = [descriptor fieldWithName:@"defaultString"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptor);
+  defaultValue = [fieldDescriptor defaultValue];
+  [message setDefaultString:defaultValue.valueString];
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultString);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.defaultString, defaultValue.valueString);
+
+  // Test default string type.
+  message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.defaultString, @"hello");
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultString);
+  fieldDescriptor = [descriptor fieldWithName:@"defaultString"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptor);
+  defaultValue = [fieldDescriptor defaultValue];
+  [message setDefaultString:defaultValue.valueString];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.defaultString, @"hello");
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultString);
+  [message setDefaultString:nil];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.defaultString, @"hello");
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultString);
+  message.hasDefaultString = NO;
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultString);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.defaultString, @"hello");
+
+  // Test default bytes type.
+  NSData *defaultBytes = [@"world" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.defaultBytes, defaultBytes);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultString);
+  fieldDescriptor = [descriptor fieldWithName:@"defaultBytes"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDescriptor);
+  defaultValue = [fieldDescriptor defaultValue];
+  [message setDefaultBytes:defaultValue.valueData];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.defaultBytes, defaultBytes);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultBytes);
+  [message setDefaultBytes:nil];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.defaultBytes, defaultBytes);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultBytes);
+  message.hasDefaultBytes = NO;
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultBytes);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.defaultBytes, defaultBytes);
+
+  // Test optional string.
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalString);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalString, @"");
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalString);
+  message.optionalString = nil;
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalString);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalString, @"");
+  NSString *string = @"string";
+  message.optionalString = string;
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalString, string);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalString);
+  message.optionalString = nil;
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalString);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalString, @"");
+
+  // Test optional data.
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalBytes);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalBytes, GPBEmptyNSData());
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalBytes);
+  message.optionalBytes = nil;
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalBytes);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalBytes, GPBEmptyNSData());
+  NSData *data = [@"bytes" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  message.optionalBytes = data;
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalBytes, data);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalBytes);
+  message.optionalBytes = nil;
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalBytes);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalBytes, GPBEmptyNSData());
+
+  // Test lazy message setting
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalLazyMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.optionalLazyMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalLazyMessage);
+  message.hasOptionalLazyMessage = NO;
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalLazyMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.optionalLazyMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalLazyMessage);
+  message.optionalLazyMessage = nil;
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalLazyMessage);
+
+  // Test nested messages
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalLazyMessage);
+  message.optionalLazyMessage.bb = 1;
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalLazyMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.optionalLazyMessage.bb, 1);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.optionalLazyMessage);
+  message.optionalLazyMessage = nil;
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalLazyMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.optionalLazyMessage.bb, 0);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalLazyMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.optionalLazyMessage);
+
+  // -testDefaultSubMessages tests the "defaulting" handling of fields
+  // containing messages.
+}
+
+- (void)testRepeatedSetters {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [self setAllFields:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [self modifyRepeatedFields:message];
+  [self assertRepeatedFieldsModified:message
+                       repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+}
+
+- (void)testClear {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [self setAllFields:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [self clearAllFields:message];
+  [self assertClear:message];
+  TestAllTypes *message2 = [TestAllTypes message];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message, message2);
+}
+
+- (void)testClearKVC {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [self setAllFields:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [self clearAllFields:message];
+  [self assertClear:message];
+  [self assertClearKVC:message];
+}
+
+- (void)testClearExtension {
+  // clearExtension() is not actually used in TestUtil, so try it manually.
+  GPBMessage *message1 = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [message1 setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension] value:@1];
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([message1 hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]]);
+  [message1 clearExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]];
+  XCTAssertFalse([message1 hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]]);
+
+  GPBMessage *message2 = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [message2 addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt32Extension] value:@1];
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+      [[message2 getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt32Extension]] count],
+      (NSUInteger)1);
+  [message2 clearExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt32Extension]];
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+      [[message2 getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt32Extension]] count],
+      (NSUInteger)0);
+
+  // Clearing an unset extension field shouldn't make the target message
+  // visible.
+  GPBMessage *message3 = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  GPBMessage *extension_msg =
+      [message3 getExtension:[UnittestObjcRoot recursiveExtension]];
+  XCTAssertFalse([message3 hasExtension:[UnittestObjcRoot recursiveExtension]]);
+  [extension_msg clearExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]];
+  XCTAssertFalse([message3 hasExtension:[UnittestObjcRoot recursiveExtension]]);
+}
+
+- (void)testDefaultingSubMessages {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+
+  // Initially they should all not have values.
+
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalPublicImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalLazyMessage);
+
+  // They should auto create something when fetched.
+
+  TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup *optionalGroup = [message.optionalGroup retain];
+  TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *optionalNestedMessage =
+      [message.optionalNestedMessage retain];
+  ForeignMessage *optionalForeignMessage =
+      [message.optionalForeignMessage retain];
+  ImportMessage *optionalImportMessage = [message.optionalImportMessage retain];
+  PublicImportMessage *optionalPublicImportMessage =
+      [message.optionalPublicImportMessage retain];
+  TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *optionalLazyMessage =
+      [message.optionalLazyMessage retain];
+
+  XCTAssertNotNil(optionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(optionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(optionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(optionalImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(optionalPublicImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(optionalLazyMessage);
+
+  // Although they were created, they should not respond to hasValue until that
+  // submessage is mutated.
+
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalPublicImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalLazyMessage);
+
+  // And they set that value back in to the message since the value created was
+  // mutable (so a second fetch should give the same object).
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.optionalGroup, optionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.optionalNestedMessage, optionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.optionalForeignMessage, optionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.optionalImportMessage, optionalImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.optionalPublicImportMessage,
+                 optionalPublicImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.optionalLazyMessage, optionalLazyMessage);
+
+  // And the default objects for a second message should be distinct (again,
+  // since they are mutable, each needs their own copy).
+
+  TestAllTypes *message2 = [TestAllTypes message];
+
+  // Intentionally doing a pointer comparison.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message2.optionalGroup, optionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message2.optionalNestedMessage, optionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message2.optionalForeignMessage, optionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message2.optionalImportMessage, optionalImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message2.optionalPublicImportMessage,
+                    optionalPublicImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message2.optionalLazyMessage, optionalLazyMessage);
+
+  // Setting the values to nil will clear the has flag, and on next access you
+  // get back new submessages.
+
+  message.optionalGroup = nil;
+  message.optionalNestedMessage = nil;
+  message.optionalForeignMessage = nil;
+  message.optionalImportMessage = nil;
+  message.optionalPublicImportMessage = nil;
+  message.optionalLazyMessage = nil;
+
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalPublicImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalLazyMessage);
+
+  // Intentionally doing a pointer comparison.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message.optionalGroup, optionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message.optionalNestedMessage, optionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message.optionalForeignMessage, optionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message.optionalImportMessage, optionalImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message.optionalPublicImportMessage,
+                    optionalPublicImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message.optionalLazyMessage, optionalLazyMessage);
+
+  [optionalGroup release];
+  [optionalNestedMessage release];
+  [optionalForeignMessage release];
+  [optionalImportMessage release];
+  [optionalPublicImportMessage release];
+  [optionalLazyMessage release];
+}
+
+- (void)testMultiplePointersToAutocreatedMessage {
+  // Multiple objects pointing to the same autocreated message.
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  TestAllTypes *message2 = [TestAllTypes message];
+  message2.optionalGroup = message.optionalGroup;
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2 hasOptionalGroup]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasOptionalGroup]);
+  message2.optionalGroup.a = 42;
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasOptionalGroup]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2 hasOptionalGroup]);
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyWithAutocreatedMessage {
+  // Mutable copy should not copy autocreated messages.
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  message.optionalGroup.a = 42;
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.optionalNestedMessage);
+  TestAllTypes *message2 = [[message copy] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2 hasOptionalGroup]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message2 hasOptionalNestedMessage]);
+
+  // Intentionally doing a pointer comparison.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message.optionalNestedMessage,
+                    message2.optionalNestedMessage);
+}
+
+- (void)testClearAutocreatedSubmessage {
+  // Call clear on an intermediate submessage should cause it to get recreated
+  // on the next call.
+  TestRecursiveMessage *message = [TestRecursiveMessage message];
+  TestRecursiveMessage *message_inner = [message.a.a.a retain];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message_inner);
+  XCTAssertTrue(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(message_inner, message.a.a));
+  [message.a.a clear];
+  XCTAssertFalse(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(message_inner, message.a.a));
+
+  // Intentionally doing a pointer comparison.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message.a.a.a, message_inner);
+  [message_inner release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRetainAutocreatedSubmessage {
+  // Should be able to retain autocreated submessage while the creator is
+  // dealloced.
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+
+  ForeignMessage *subMessage;
+  @autoreleasepool {
+    TestAllTypes *message2 = [TestAllTypes message];
+    subMessage = message2.optionalForeignMessage; // Autocreated
+    message.optionalForeignMessage = subMessage;
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(message.optionalForeignMessage,
+                                             message2));
+  }
+
+  // Should be the same object, and should still be live.
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.optionalForeignMessage, subMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotNil([subMessage description]);
+}
+
+- (void)testSetNilAutocreatedSubmessage {
+  TestRecursiveMessage *message = [TestRecursiveMessage message];
+  TestRecursiveMessage *message_inner = [message.a.a retain];
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message.a hasA]);
+  message.a.a = nil;
+
+  // |message.a| has to be made visible, but |message.a.a| was set to nil so
+  // shouldn't be.
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message.a hasA]);
+
+  // Setting submessage to nil should cause it to lose its creator.
+  XCTAssertFalse(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(message_inner, message.a));
+
+  // After setting to nil, getting it again should create a new autocreated
+  // message.
+  // Intentionally doing a pointer comparison.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message.a.a, message_inner);
+
+  [message_inner release];
+}
+
+- (void)testSetDoesntHaveAutocreatedSubmessage {
+  // Clearing submessage (set has == NO) should NOT cause it to lose its
+  // creator.
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *nestedMessage = message.optionalNestedMessage;
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasOptionalNestedMessage]);
+  [message setHasOptionalNestedMessage:NO];
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasOptionalNestedMessage]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.optionalNestedMessage, nestedMessage);
+}
+
+- (void)testSetAutocreatedMessageBecomesVisible {
+  // Setting a value should cause the submessage to appear to its creator.
+  // Test this several levels deep.
+  TestRecursiveMessage *message = [TestRecursiveMessage message];
+  message.a.a.a.a.i = 42;
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message.a.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message.a.a.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message.a.a.a.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.a.a.a.a.i, 42);
+}
+
+- (void)testClearUnsetFieldOfAutocreatedMessage {
+  // Clearing an unset field should not cause the submessage to appear to its
+  // creator.
+  TestRecursiveMessage *message = [TestRecursiveMessage message];
+  message.a.a.a.a.hasI = NO;
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message.a.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message.a.a.a hasA]);
+}
+
+- (void)testAutocreatedSubmessageAssignSkip {
+  TestRecursiveMessage *message = [TestRecursiveMessage message];
+  TestRecursiveMessage *messageLevel1 = [message.a retain];
+  TestRecursiveMessage *messageLevel2 = [message.a.a retain];
+  TestRecursiveMessage *messageLevel3 = [message.a.a.a retain];
+  TestRecursiveMessage *messageLevel4 = [message.a.a.a.a retain];
+  XCTAssertTrue(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(messageLevel1, message));
+  XCTAssertTrue(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(messageLevel2, messageLevel1));
+  XCTAssertTrue(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(messageLevel3, messageLevel2));
+  XCTAssertTrue(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(messageLevel4, messageLevel3));
+
+  // Test skipping over an autocreated submessage and ensure it gets unset.
+  message.a = message.a.a;
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.a, messageLevel2);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.a.a, messageLevel3);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.a.a.a, messageLevel4);
+  XCTAssertFalse(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(messageLevel1,
+                                            message));  // Because it was orphaned.
+  XCTAssertTrue(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(messageLevel2, messageLevel1));
+  XCTAssertTrue(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(messageLevel3, messageLevel2));
+
+  [messageLevel1 release];
+  [messageLevel2 release];
+  [messageLevel3 release];
+  [messageLevel4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAutocreatedSubmessageAssignLoop {
+  TestRecursiveMessage *message = [TestRecursiveMessage message];
+  TestRecursiveMessage *messageLevel1 = [message.a retain];
+  TestRecursiveMessage *messageLevel2 = [message.a.a retain];
+  TestRecursiveMessage *messageLevel3 = [message.a.a.a retain];
+  TestRecursiveMessage *messageLevel4 = [message.a.a.a.a retain];
+  XCTAssertTrue(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(messageLevel1, message));
+  XCTAssertTrue(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(messageLevel2, messageLevel1));
+  XCTAssertTrue(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(messageLevel3, messageLevel2));
+  XCTAssertTrue(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(messageLevel4, messageLevel3));
+
+  // Test a property with a loop. You'd never do this but at least ensure the
+  // autocreated submessages behave sanely.
+  message.a.a = message.a;
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.a, messageLevel1);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.a.a, messageLevel1);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message.a.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.a.a.a, messageLevel1);
+  XCTAssertFalse(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(messageLevel1,
+                                            message));  // Because it was assigned.
+  XCTAssertFalse(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(messageLevel2,
+                                            messageLevel1));  // Because it was orphaned.
+  XCTAssertFalse([messageLevel2 hasA]);
+
+  // Break the retain loop.
+  message.a.a = nil;
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message.a hasA]);
+
+  [messageLevel1 release];
+  [messageLevel2 release];
+  [messageLevel3 release];
+  [messageLevel4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testSetAutocreatedSubmessage {
+  // Setting autocreated submessage to another value should cause the old one to
+  // lose its creator.
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *nestedMessage =
+      [message.optionalNestedMessage retain];
+
+  message.optionalNestedMessage = [TestAllTypes_NestedMessage message];
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasOptionalNestedMessage]);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.optionalNestedMessage != nestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(nestedMessage, message));
+
+  [nestedMessage release];
+}
+
+- (void)testAutocreatedUnknownFields {
+  // Doing anything with (except reading) unknown fields should cause the
+  // submessage to become visible.
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.optionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasOptionalNestedMessage]);
+  XCTAssertNil(message.optionalNestedMessage.unknownFields);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasOptionalNestedMessage]);
+
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknownFields =
+      [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  message.optionalNestedMessage.unknownFields = unknownFields;
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasOptionalNestedMessage]);
+
+  message.optionalNestedMessage = nil;
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasOptionalNestedMessage]);
+  [message.optionalNestedMessage setUnknownFields:unknownFields];
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasOptionalNestedMessage]);
+}
+
+- (void)testSetAutocreatedSubmessageToSelf {
+  // Setting submessage to itself should cause it to become visible.
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.optionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasOptionalNestedMessage]);
+  message.optionalNestedMessage = message.optionalNestedMessage;
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasOptionalNestedMessage]);
+}
+
+- (void)testAutocreatedSubmessageMemoryLeaks {
+  // Test for memory leaks with autocreated submessages.
+  TestRecursiveMessage *message;
+  TestRecursiveMessage *messageLevel1;
+  TestRecursiveMessage *messageLevel2;
+  TestRecursiveMessage *messageLevel3;
+  TestRecursiveMessage *messageLevel4;
+  @autoreleasepool {
+    message = [[TestRecursiveMessage alloc] init];
+    messageLevel1 = [message.a retain];
+    messageLevel2 = [message.a.a retain];
+    messageLevel3 = [message.a.a.a retain];
+    messageLevel4 = [message.a.a.a.a retain];
+    message.a.i = 1;
+  }
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.retainCount, (NSUInteger)1);
+  [message release];
+  XCTAssertEqual(messageLevel1.retainCount, (NSUInteger)1);
+  [messageLevel1 release];
+  XCTAssertEqual(messageLevel2.retainCount, (NSUInteger)1);
+  [messageLevel2 release];
+  XCTAssertEqual(messageLevel3.retainCount, (NSUInteger)1);
+  [messageLevel3 release];
+  XCTAssertEqual(messageLevel4.retainCount, (NSUInteger)1);
+  [messageLevel4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testDefaultingArrays {
+  // Basic tests for default creation of arrays in a message.
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message2 =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+
+  // Simply accessing the array should not make any fields visible.
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.a.a.iArray);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message2.a.a.strArray);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message2 hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message2.a hasA]);
+
+  // But adding an element to the array should.
+  [message.a.a.iArray addValue:42];
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertEqual([message.a.a.iArray count], (NSUInteger)1);
+  [message2.a.a.strArray addObject:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2 hasA]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertEqual([message2.a.a.strArray count], (NSUInteger)1);
+}
+
+- (void)testAutocreatedArrayShared {
+  // Multiple objects pointing to the same array.
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message1a =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message1b =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  message1a.a.iArray = message1b.a.iArray;
+  XCTAssertTrue([message1a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message1b hasA]);
+  [message1a.a.iArray addValue:1];
+  XCTAssertTrue([message1a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message1b hasA]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message1a.a.iArray, message1b.a.iArray);
+
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message2a =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message2b =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  message2a.a.strArray = message2b.a.strArray;
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message2b hasA]);
+  [message2a.a.strArray addObject:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2b hasA]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message2a.a.strArray, message2b.a.strArray);
+}
+
+- (void)testAutocreatedArrayCopy {
+  // Copy should not copy autocreated arrays.
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.repeatedStringArray);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.repeatedInt32Array);
+  TestAllTypes *message2 = [[message copy] autorelease];
+  // Pointer conparisions.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message.repeatedStringArray, message2.repeatedStringArray);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message.repeatedInt32Array, message2.repeatedInt32Array);
+
+  // Mutable copy should copy empty arrays that were explicitly set (end up
+  // with different objects that are equal).
+  TestAllTypes *message3 = [TestAllTypes message];
+  message3.repeatedInt32Array = [GPBInt32Array arrayWithValue:42];
+  message3.repeatedStringArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:@"wee"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.repeatedInt32Array);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.repeatedStringArray);
+  TestAllTypes *message4 = [[message3 copy] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message3.repeatedInt32Array, message4.repeatedInt32Array);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message3.repeatedInt32Array,
+                        message4.repeatedInt32Array);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message3.repeatedStringArray, message4.repeatedStringArray);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message3.repeatedStringArray,
+                        message4.repeatedStringArray);
+}
+
+- (void)testAutocreatedArrayRetain {
+  // Should be able to retain autocreated array while the creator is dealloced.
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+
+  @autoreleasepool {
+    TestAllTypes *message2 = [TestAllTypes message];
+    message.repeatedInt32Array = message2.repeatedInt32Array;
+    message.repeatedStringArray = message2.repeatedStringArray;
+    // Pointer conparision
+    XCTAssertEqual(message.repeatedInt32Array->_autocreator, message2);
+    XCTAssertTrue([message.repeatedStringArray
+        isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(
+        ((GPBAutocreatedArray *)message.repeatedStringArray)->_autocreator,
+        message2);
+  }
+
+  XCTAssertNil(message.repeatedInt32Array->_autocreator);
+  XCTAssertTrue(
+      [message.repeatedStringArray isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]);
+  XCTAssertNil(
+      ((GPBAutocreatedArray *)message.repeatedStringArray)->_autocreator);
+}
+
+- (void)testSetNilAutocreatedArray {
+  // Setting array to nil should cause it to lose its delegate.
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  GPBInt32Array *repeatedInt32Array = [message.repeatedInt32Array retain];
+  GPBAutocreatedArray *repeatedStringArray =
+      (GPBAutocreatedArray *)[message.repeatedStringArray retain];
+  XCTAssertTrue([repeatedStringArray isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(repeatedInt32Array->_autocreator, message);
+  XCTAssertEqual(repeatedStringArray->_autocreator, message);
+  message.repeatedInt32Array = nil;
+  message.repeatedStringArray = nil;
+  XCTAssertNil(repeatedInt32Array->_autocreator);
+  XCTAssertNil(repeatedStringArray->_autocreator);
+  [repeatedInt32Array release];
+  [repeatedStringArray release];
+}
+
+- (void)testSetOverAutocreatedArrayAndSetAgain {
+  // Ensure when dealing with replacing an array it is handled being either
+  // an autocreated one or a straight NSArray.
+
+  // The real test here is that nothing crashes while doing the work.
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [message.repeatedStringArray addObject:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.repeatedStringArray_Count, (NSUInteger)1);
+  message.repeatedStringArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"bar", @"bar2", nil];
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.repeatedStringArray_Count, (NSUInteger)2);
+  message.repeatedStringArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:@"baz"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.repeatedStringArray_Count, (NSUInteger)1);
+}
+
+- (void)testReplaceAutocreatedArray {
+  // Replacing array should orphan the old one and cause its creator to become
+  // visible.
+  {
+    TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+        [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a.iArray);
+    XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+    GPBInt32Array *iArray = [message.a.iArray retain];
+    XCTAssertEqual(iArray->_autocreator, message.a);  // Pointer comparision
+    message.a.iArray = [GPBInt32Array arrayWithValue:1];
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(message.a.iArray, iArray);  // Pointer comparision
+    XCTAssertNil(iArray->_autocreator);
+    [iArray release];
+  }
+
+  {
+    TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+        [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a.strArray);
+    XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+    GPBAutocreatedArray *strArray =
+        (GPBAutocreatedArray *)[message.a.strArray retain];
+    XCTAssertTrue([strArray isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(strArray->_autocreator, message.a);  // Pointer comparision
+    message.a.strArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:@"foo"];
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(message.a.strArray, strArray);  // Pointer comparision
+    XCTAssertNil(strArray->_autocreator);
+    [strArray release];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testSetAutocreatedArrayToSelf {
+  // Setting array to itself should cause it to become visible.
+  {
+    TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+        [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a.iArray);
+    XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+    message.a.iArray = message.a.iArray;
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+    XCTAssertNil(message.a.iArray->_autocreator);
+  }
+
+  {
+    TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+        [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a.strArray);
+    XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+    message.a.strArray = message.a.strArray;
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+    XCTAssertTrue([message.a.strArray isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedArray class]]);
+    XCTAssertNil(((GPBAutocreatedArray *)message.a.strArray)->_autocreator);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testAutocreatedArrayRemoveAllValues {
+  // Calling removeAllValues on autocreated array should not cause it to be
+  // visible.
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  [message.a.iArray removeAll];
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+  [message.a.strArray removeAllObjects];
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+}
+
+- (void)testDefaultingMaps {
+  // Basic tests for default creation of maps in a message.
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message2 =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+
+  // Simply accessing the map should not make any fields visible.
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.a.a.iToI);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message2.a.a.strToStr);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message2 hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message2.a hasA]);
+
+  // But adding an element to the map should.
+  [message.a.a.iToI setInt32:100 forKey:200];
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertEqual([message.a.a.iToI count], (NSUInteger)1);
+  [message2.a.a.strToStr setObject:@"foo" forKey:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2 hasA]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2.a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertEqual([message2.a.a.strToStr count], (NSUInteger)1);
+}
+
+- (void)testAutocreatedMapShared {
+  // Multiple objects pointing to the same map.
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message1a =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message1b =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  message1a.a.iToI = message1b.a.iToI;
+  XCTAssertTrue([message1a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message1b hasA]);
+  [message1a.a.iToI setInt32:1 forKey:2];
+  XCTAssertTrue([message1a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message1b hasA]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message1a.a.iToI, message1b.a.iToI);
+
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message2a =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message2b =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  message2a.a.strToStr = message2b.a.strToStr;
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message2b hasA]);
+  [message2a.a.strToStr setObject:@"bar" forKey:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2a hasA]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2b hasA]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message2a.a.strToStr, message2b.a.strToStr);
+}
+
+- (void)testAutocreatedMapCopy {
+  // Copy should not copy autocreated maps.
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.strToStr);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.iToI);
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message2 =
+      [[message copy] autorelease];
+  // Pointer conparisions.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message.strToStr, message2.strToStr);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message.iToI, message2.iToI);
+
+  // Mutable copy should copy empty arrays that were explicitly set (end up
+  // with different objects that are equal).
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message3 =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  message3.iToI = [[[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] init] autorelease];
+  [message3.iToI setInt32:10 forKey:20];
+  message3.strToStr =
+      [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"abc" forKey:@"123"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.iToI);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.iToI);
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message4 =
+      [[message3 copy] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message3.iToI, message4.iToI);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message3.iToI, message4.iToI);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(message3.strToStr, message4.strToStr);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message3.strToStr, message4.strToStr);
+}
+
+- (void)testAutocreatedMapRetain {
+  // Should be able to retain autocreated map while the creator is dealloced.
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+
+  @autoreleasepool {
+    TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message2 =
+        [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+    message.iToI = message2.iToI;
+    message.strToStr = message2.strToStr;
+    // Pointer conparision
+    XCTAssertEqual(message.iToI->_autocreator, message2);
+    XCTAssertTrue([message.strToStr
+        isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(
+        ((GPBAutocreatedDictionary *)message.strToStr)->_autocreator,
+        message2);
+  }
+
+  XCTAssertNil(message.iToI->_autocreator);
+  XCTAssertTrue(
+      [message.strToStr isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]);
+  XCTAssertNil(
+      ((GPBAutocreatedDictionary *)message.strToStr)->_autocreator);
+}
+
+- (void)testSetNilAutocreatedMap {
+  // Setting map to nil should cause it to lose its delegate.
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *iToI = [message.iToI retain];
+  GPBAutocreatedDictionary *strToStr =
+      (GPBAutocreatedDictionary *)[message.strToStr retain];
+  XCTAssertTrue([strToStr isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(iToI->_autocreator, message);
+  XCTAssertEqual(strToStr->_autocreator, message);
+  message.iToI = nil;
+  message.strToStr = nil;
+  XCTAssertNil(iToI->_autocreator);
+  XCTAssertNil(strToStr->_autocreator);
+  [iToI release];
+  [strToStr release];
+}
+
+- (void)testSetOverAutocreatedMapAndSetAgain {
+  // Ensure when dealing with replacing a map it is handled being either
+  // an autocreated one or a straight NSDictionary.
+
+  // The real test here is that nothing crashes while doing the work.
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  message.strToStr[@"foo"] = @"bar";
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.strToStr_Count, (NSUInteger)1);
+  message.strToStr =
+      [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"bar", @"key1", @"baz", @"key2", nil];
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.strToStr_Count, (NSUInteger)2);
+  message.strToStr =
+      [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"baz" forKey:@"mumble"];
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.strToStr_Count, (NSUInteger)1);
+}
+
+- (void)testReplaceAutocreatedMap {
+  // Replacing map should orphan the old one and cause its creator to become
+  // visible.
+  {
+    TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+        [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a.iToI);
+    XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+    GPBInt32Int32Dictionary *iToI = [message.a.iToI retain];
+    XCTAssertEqual(iToI->_autocreator, message.a);  // Pointer comparision
+    message.a.iToI = [[[GPBInt32Int32Dictionary alloc] init] autorelease];
+    [message.a.iToI setInt32:6 forKey:7];
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(message.a.iToI, iToI);  // Pointer comparision
+    XCTAssertNil(iToI->_autocreator);
+    [iToI release];
+  }
+
+  {
+    TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+        [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a.strToStr);
+    XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+    GPBAutocreatedDictionary *strToStr =
+        (GPBAutocreatedDictionary *)[message.a.strToStr retain];
+    XCTAssertTrue([strToStr isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(strToStr->_autocreator, message.a);  // Pointer comparision
+    message.a.strToStr =
+        [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"abc" forKey:@"def"];
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+    XCTAssertNotEqual(message.a.strToStr, strToStr);  // Pointer comparision
+    XCTAssertNil(strToStr->_autocreator);
+    [strToStr release];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testSetAutocreatedMapToSelf {
+  // Setting map to itself should cause it to become visible.
+  {
+    TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+        [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a.iToI);
+    XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+    message.a.iToI = message.a.iToI;
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+    XCTAssertNil(message.a.iToI->_autocreator);
+  }
+
+  {
+    TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+        [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(message.a.strToStr);
+    XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+    message.a.strToStr = message.a.strToStr;
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasA]);
+    XCTAssertTrue([message.a.strToStr isKindOfClass:[GPBAutocreatedDictionary class]]);
+    XCTAssertNil(((GPBAutocreatedDictionary *)message.a.strToStr)->_autocreator);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testAutocreatedMapRemoveAllValues {
+  // Calling removeAll on autocreated map should not cause it to be visible.
+  TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField *message =
+      [TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField message];
+  [message.a.iToI removeAll];
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+  [message.a.strToStr removeAllObjects];
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasA]);
+}
+
+- (void)testExtensionAccessors {
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [self setAllExtensions:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [self assertAllExtensionsSet:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+}
+
+- (void)testExtensionRepeatedSetters {
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [self setAllExtensions:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [self modifyRepeatedExtensions:message];
+  [self assertRepeatedExtensionsModified:message
+                           repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+}
+
+- (void)testExtensionDefaults {
+  [self assertExtensionsClear:[TestAllExtensions message]];
+}
+
+- (void)testExtensionIsEquals {
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [self setAllExtensions:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [self modifyRepeatedExtensions:message];
+  TestAllExtensions *message2 = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [self setAllExtensions:message2 repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  XCTAssertFalse([message isEqual:message2]);
+  message2 = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [self setAllExtensions:message2 repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [self modifyRepeatedExtensions:message2];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message, message2);
+}
+
+- (void)testExtensionsMergeFrom {
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [self setAllExtensions:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  [self modifyRepeatedExtensions:message];
+
+  message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [self setAllExtensions:message repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  TestAllExtensions *message2 = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [self modifyRepeatedExtensions:message2];
+  [message2 mergeFrom:message];
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message, message2);
+}
+
+- (void)testDefaultingExtensionMessages {
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+
+  // Initially they should all not have values.
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse(
+      [message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse(
+      [message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse(
+      [message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message
+      hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalPublicImportMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse(
+      [message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalLazyMessageExtension]]);
+
+  // They should auto create something when fetched.
+
+  TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup *optionalGroup =
+      [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]];
+  TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *optionalNestedMessage =
+      [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]];
+  ForeignMessage *optionalForeignMessage =
+      [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]];
+  ImportMessage *optionalImportMessage =
+      [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]];
+  PublicImportMessage *optionalPublicImportMessage = [message
+      getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalPublicImportMessageExtension]];
+  TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *optionalLazyMessage =
+      [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalLazyMessageExtension]];
+
+  XCTAssertNotNil(optionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(optionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(optionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(optionalImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(optionalPublicImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(optionalLazyMessage);
+
+  // Although it auto-created empty messages, it should not show that it has
+  // them.
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalPublicImportMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalLazyMessageExtension]]);
+
+  // And they set that value back in to the message since the value created was
+  // mutable (so a second fetch should give the same object).
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]],
+                 optionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+      [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]],
+      optionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+      [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]],
+      optionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+      [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]],
+      optionalImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+      [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalPublicImportMessageExtension]],
+      optionalPublicImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+      [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalLazyMessageExtension]],
+      optionalLazyMessage);
+
+  // And the default objects for a second message should be distinct (again,
+  // since they are mutable, each needs their own copy).
+
+  TestAllExtensions *message2 = [TestAllExtensions message];
+
+  // Intentionally doing a pointer comparison.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(
+      [message2 getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]],
+      optionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(
+      [message2 getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]],
+      optionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(
+      [message2 getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]],
+      optionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(
+      [message2 getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]],
+      optionalImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(
+      [message2 getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalPublicImportMessageExtension]],
+      optionalPublicImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(
+      [message2 getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalLazyMessageExtension]],
+      optionalLazyMessage);
+
+  // Clear values, and on next access you get back new submessages.
+
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension] value:nil];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension] value:nil];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]
+                  value:nil];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]
+                  value:nil];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]
+                  value:nil];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalPublicImportMessageExtension]
+                  value:nil];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalLazyMessageExtension] value:nil];
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse(
+      [message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse(
+      [message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse(
+      [message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message
+      hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalPublicImportMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse(
+      [message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalLazyMessageExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]],
+                 optionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+      [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]],
+      optionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+      [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]],
+      optionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+      [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]],
+      optionalImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+      [message
+          getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalPublicImportMessageExtension]],
+      optionalPublicImportMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+      [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalLazyMessageExtension]],
+      optionalLazyMessage);
+}
+
+- (void)testMultiplePointersToAutocreatedExtension {
+  // 2 objects point to the same auto-created extension. One should "has" it.
+  // The other should not.
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  TestAllExtensions *message2 = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension = [UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension];
+  [message setExtension:extension value:[message2 getExtension:extension]];
+  XCTAssertEqual([message getExtension:extension],
+                 [message2 getExtension:extension]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message2 hasExtension:extension]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:extension]);
+
+  TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup *extensionValue =
+      [message2 getExtension:extension];
+  extensionValue.a = 1;
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2 hasExtension:extension]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:extension]);
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyWithAutocreatedExtension {
+  // Mutable copy shouldn't copy autocreated extensions.
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *optionalGroupExtension =
+      [UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension];
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *optionalNestedMessageExtesion =
+      [UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension];
+  TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup *optionalGroup =
+      [message getExtension:optionalGroupExtension];
+  optionalGroup.a = 42;
+  XCTAssertNotNil(optionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertNotNil([message getExtension:optionalNestedMessageExtesion]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:optionalGroupExtension]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:optionalNestedMessageExtesion]);
+
+  TestAllExtensions *message2 = [[message copy] autorelease];
+
+  // message2 should end up with its own copy of the optional group.
+  XCTAssertTrue([message2 hasExtension:optionalGroupExtension]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message getExtension:optionalGroupExtension],
+                        [message2 getExtension:optionalGroupExtension]);
+  // Intentionally doing a pointer comparison.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual([message getExtension:optionalGroupExtension],
+                    [message2 getExtension:optionalGroupExtension]);
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([message2 hasExtension:optionalNestedMessageExtesion]);
+  // Intentionally doing a pointer comparison (auto creation should be
+  // different)
+  XCTAssertNotEqual([message getExtension:optionalNestedMessageExtesion],
+                    [message2 getExtension:optionalNestedMessageExtesion]);
+}
+
+- (void)testClearMessageAutocreatedExtension {
+  // Call clear should cause it to recreate its autocreated extensions.
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *optionalGroupExtension =
+      [UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension];
+  TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup *optionalGroup =
+      [[message getExtension:optionalGroupExtension] retain];
+  [message clear];
+  TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup *optionalGroupNew =
+      [message getExtension:optionalGroupExtension];
+
+  // Intentionally doing a pointer comparison.
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(optionalGroup, optionalGroupNew);
+  [optionalGroup release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRetainAutocreatedExtension {
+  // Should be able to retain autocreated extension while the creator is
+  // dealloced.
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *optionalGroupExtension =
+      [UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension];
+
+  @autoreleasepool {
+    TestAllExtensions *message2 = [TestAllExtensions message];
+    [message setExtension:optionalGroupExtension
+                    value:[message2 getExtension:optionalGroupExtension]];
+    XCTAssertTrue(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(
+        [message getExtension:optionalGroupExtension], message2));
+  }
+
+  XCTAssertFalse(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(
+      [message getExtension:optionalGroupExtension], message));
+}
+
+- (void)testClearAutocreatedExtension {
+  // Clearing autocreated extension should NOT cause it to lose its creator.
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *optionalGroupExtension =
+      [UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension];
+  TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup *optionalGroup =
+      [[message getExtension:optionalGroupExtension] retain];
+  [message clearExtension:optionalGroupExtension];
+  TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup *optionalGroupNew =
+      [message getExtension:optionalGroupExtension];
+  XCTAssertEqual(optionalGroup, optionalGroupNew);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:optionalGroupExtension]);
+  [optionalGroup release];
+
+  // Clearing autocreated extension should not cause its creator to become
+  // visible
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *recursiveExtension =
+      [UnittestObjcRoot recursiveExtension];
+  TestAllExtensions *message_lvl2 = [message getExtension:recursiveExtension];
+  TestAllExtensions *message_lvl3 =
+      [message_lvl2 getExtension:recursiveExtension];
+  [message_lvl3 clearExtension:recursiveExtension];
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:recursiveExtension]);
+}
+
+- (void)testSetAutocreatedExtensionBecomesVisible {
+  // Setting an extension should cause the extension to appear to its creator.
+  // Test this several levels deep.
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *recursiveExtension =
+      [UnittestObjcRoot recursiveExtension];
+  TestAllExtensions *message_lvl2 = [message getExtension:recursiveExtension];
+  TestAllExtensions *message_lvl3 =
+      [message_lvl2 getExtension:recursiveExtension];
+  TestAllExtensions *message_lvl4 =
+      [message_lvl3 getExtension:recursiveExtension];
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:recursiveExtension]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message_lvl2 hasExtension:recursiveExtension]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message_lvl3 hasExtension:recursiveExtension]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message_lvl4 hasExtension:recursiveExtension]);
+  [message_lvl4 setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension] value:@(1)];
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:recursiveExtension]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message_lvl2 hasExtension:recursiveExtension]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message_lvl3 hasExtension:recursiveExtension]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message_lvl4 hasExtension:recursiveExtension]);
+  XCTAssertFalse(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(message_lvl4, message_lvl3));
+  XCTAssertFalse(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(message_lvl3, message_lvl2));
+  XCTAssertFalse(GPBWasMessageAutocreatedBy(message_lvl2, message));
+}
+
+- (void)testSetAutocreatedExtensionToSelf {
+  // Setting extension to itself should cause it to become visible.
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *optionalGroupExtension =
+      [UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension];
+  XCTAssertNotNil([message getExtension:optionalGroupExtension]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:optionalGroupExtension]);
+  [message setExtension:optionalGroupExtension
+                  value:[message getExtension:optionalGroupExtension]];
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:optionalGroupExtension]);
+}
+
+- (void)testAutocreatedExtensionMemoryLeaks {
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *recursiveExtension =
+      [UnittestObjcRoot recursiveExtension];
+
+  // Test for memory leaks with autocreated extensions.
+  TestAllExtensions *message;
+  TestAllExtensions *message_lvl2;
+  TestAllExtensions *message_lvl3;
+  TestAllExtensions *message_lvl4;
+  @autoreleasepool {
+    message = [[TestAllExtensions alloc] init];
+    message_lvl2 = [[message getExtension:recursiveExtension] retain];
+    message_lvl3 = [[message_lvl2 getExtension:recursiveExtension] retain];
+    message_lvl4 = [[message_lvl3 getExtension:recursiveExtension] retain];
+    [message_lvl2 setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]
+                         value:@(1)];
+  }
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.retainCount, (NSUInteger)1);
+  @autoreleasepool {
+    [message release];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(message_lvl2.retainCount, (NSUInteger)1);
+  @autoreleasepool {
+    [message_lvl2 release];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(message_lvl3.retainCount, (NSUInteger)1);
+  @autoreleasepool {
+    [message_lvl3 release];
+  }
+  XCTAssertEqual(message_lvl4.retainCount, (NSUInteger)1);
+  [message_lvl4 release];
+}
+
+- (void)testSetExtensionWithAutocreatedValue {
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *recursiveExtension =
+      [UnittestObjcRoot recursiveExtension];
+
+  TestAllExtensions *message;
+  @autoreleasepool {
+    message = [[TestAllExtensions alloc] init];
+    [message getExtension:recursiveExtension];
+  }
+
+  // This statements checks that the extension value isn't accidentally
+  // dealloced when removing it from the autocreated map.
+  [message setExtension:recursiveExtension
+                  value:[message getExtension:recursiveExtension]];
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:recursiveExtension]);
+  [message release];
+}
+
+- (void)testRecursion {
+  TestRecursiveMessage *message = [TestRecursiveMessage message];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.a);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.a.a);
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.a.a.i, 0);
+}
+
+- (void)testGenerateAndParseUnknownMessage {
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknowns =
+      [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  [unknowns mergeVarintField:123 value:456];
+  GPBMessage *message = [GPBMessage message];
+  [message setUnknownFields:unknowns];
+  NSData *data = [message data];
+  GPBMessage *message2 =
+      [GPBMessage parseFromData:data extensionRegistry:nil error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message, message2);
+}
+
+- (void)testDelimitedWriteAndParseMultipleMessages {
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknowns1 =
+      [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  [unknowns1 mergeVarintField:123 value:456];
+  GPBMessage *message1 = [GPBMessage message];
+  [message1 setUnknownFields:unknowns1];
+
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *unknowns2 =
+      [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  [unknowns2 mergeVarintField:789 value:987];
+  [unknowns2 mergeVarintField:654 value:321];
+  GPBMessage *message2 = [GPBMessage message];
+  [message2 setUnknownFields:unknowns2];
+
+  NSMutableData *delimitedData = [NSMutableData data];
+  [delimitedData appendData:[message1 delimitedData]];
+  [delimitedData appendData:[message2 delimitedData]];
+  GPBCodedInputStream *input =
+      [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:delimitedData];
+  GPBMessage *message3 = [GPBMessage parseDelimitedFromCodedInputStream:input
+                                                      extensionRegistry:nil
+                                                                  error:NULL];
+  GPBMessage *message4 = [GPBMessage parseDelimitedFromCodedInputStream:input
+                                                      extensionRegistry:nil
+                                                                  error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message1, message3);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message2, message4);
+}
+
+- (void)testDuplicateEnums {
+  XCTAssertEqual(TestEnumWithDupValue_Foo1, TestEnumWithDupValue_Foo2);
+}
+
+- (void)testWeirdDefaults {
+  ObjcWeirdDefaults *message = [ObjcWeirdDefaults message];
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [[message class] descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *fieldDesc = [descriptor fieldWithName:@"foo"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDesc);
+  XCTAssertTrue(fieldDesc.hasDefaultValue);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasFoo);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.foo, @"");
+
+  fieldDesc = [descriptor fieldWithName:@"bar"];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(fieldDesc);
+  XCTAssertTrue(fieldDesc.hasDefaultValue);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasBar);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.bar, GPBEmptyNSData());
+}
+
+- (void)testEnumDescriptorFromExtensionDescriptor {
+  GPBExtensionDescriptor *extDescriptor =
+      [UnittestRoot optionalForeignEnumExtension];
+  XCTAssertEqual(extDescriptor.dataType, GPBDataTypeEnum);
+  GPBEnumDescriptor *enumDescriptor = extDescriptor.enumDescriptor;
+  GPBEnumDescriptor *expectedDescriptor = ForeignEnum_EnumDescriptor();
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(enumDescriptor, expectedDescriptor);
+}
+
+- (void)testPropertyNaming {
+  // objectivec_helpers.cc has some special handing to get proper all caps
+  // for a few cases to meet objc developer expectations.
+  //
+  // This "test" confirms that the expected names are generated, otherwise the
+  // test itself will fail to compile.
+  ObjCPropertyNaming *msg = [ObjCPropertyNaming message];
+  // On their own, at the end, in the middle.
+  msg.URL = @"good";
+  msg.thumbnailURL = @"good";
+  msg.URLFoo = @"good";
+  msg.someURLBlah = @"good";
+  msg.HTTP = @"good";
+  msg.HTTPS = @"good";
+  // No caps since it was "urls".
+  [msg.urlsArray addObject:@"good"];
+}
+
+- (void)testEnumNaming {
+  // objectivec_helpers.cc has some interesting cases to deal with in
+  // EnumValueName/EnumValueShortName.  Confirm that things generated as
+  // expected.
+
+  // This block just has to compile to confirm we got the expected types/names.
+  // The *_IsValidValue() calls are just there to keep the projects warnings
+  // flags happy by providing use of the variables/values.
+
+  Foo aFoo = Foo_SerializedSize;
+  Foo_IsValidValue(aFoo);
+  aFoo = Foo_Size;
+  Foo_IsValidValue(aFoo);
+
+  Category_Enum aCat = Category_Enum_Red;
+  Category_Enum_IsValidValue(aCat);
+
+  Time aTime = Time_Base;
+  Time_IsValidValue(aTime);
+  aTime = Time_SomethingElse;
+  Time_IsValidValue(aTime);
+
+  // This block confirms the names in the decriptors is what we wanted.
+
+  GPBEnumDescriptor *descriptor;
+  NSString *valueName;
+
+  descriptor = Foo_EnumDescriptor();
+  XCTAssertNotNil(descriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"Foo", descriptor.name);
+  valueName = [descriptor enumNameForValue:Foo_SerializedSize];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"Foo_SerializedSize", valueName);
+  valueName = [descriptor enumNameForValue:Foo_Size];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"Foo_Size", valueName);
+
+  descriptor = Category_Enum_EnumDescriptor();
+  XCTAssertNotNil(descriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"Category_Enum", descriptor.name);
+  valueName = [descriptor enumNameForValue:Category_Enum_Red];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"Category_Enum_Red", valueName);
+
+  descriptor = Time_EnumDescriptor();
+  XCTAssertNotNil(descriptor);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"Time", descriptor.name);
+  valueName = [descriptor enumNameForValue:Time_Base];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"Time_Base", valueName);
+  valueName = [descriptor enumNameForValue:Time_SomethingElse];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"Time_SomethingElse", valueName);
+}
+
+- (void)testNegativeEnums {
+  EnumTestMsg *msg = [EnumTestMsg message];
+
+  // Defaults
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.foo, EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_Zero);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.bar, EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_One);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.baz, EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_NegOne);
+  // Bounce to wire and back.
+  NSData *data = [msg data];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+  EnumTestMsg *msgPrime = [EnumTestMsg parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msgPrime, msg);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msgPrime.foo, EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_Zero);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msgPrime.bar, EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_One);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msgPrime.baz, EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_NegOne);
+
+  // Other values
+  msg.bar = EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_Two;
+  msg.baz = EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_NegTwo;
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.bar, EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_Two);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msg.baz, EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_NegTwo);
+  // Bounce to wire and back.
+  data = [msg data];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+  msgPrime = [EnumTestMsg parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msgPrime, msg);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msgPrime.foo, EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_Zero);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msgPrime.bar, EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_Two);
+  XCTAssertEqual(msgPrime.baz, EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_NegTwo);
+
+  // Repeated field (shouldn't ever be an issue since developer has to use the
+  // right GPBArray methods themselves).
+  msg.mumbleArray = [GPBEnumArray
+      arrayWithValidationFunction:EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_IsValidValue];
+  [msg.mumbleArray addValue:EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_Zero];
+  [msg.mumbleArray addValue:EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_One];
+  [msg.mumbleArray addValue:EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_Two];
+  [msg.mumbleArray addValue:EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_NegOne];
+  [msg.mumbleArray addValue:EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_NegTwo];
+  XCTAssertEqual([msg.mumbleArray valueAtIndex:0], EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_Zero);
+  XCTAssertEqual([msg.mumbleArray valueAtIndex:1], EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_One);
+  XCTAssertEqual([msg.mumbleArray valueAtIndex:2], EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_Two);
+  XCTAssertEqual([msg.mumbleArray valueAtIndex:3], EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_NegOne);
+  XCTAssertEqual([msg.mumbleArray valueAtIndex:4], EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_NegTwo);
+  // Bounce to wire and back.
+  data = [msg data];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+  msgPrime = [EnumTestMsg parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msgPrime, msg);
+  XCTAssertEqual([msgPrime.mumbleArray valueAtIndex:0],
+                 EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_Zero);
+  XCTAssertEqual([msgPrime.mumbleArray valueAtIndex:1], EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_One);
+  XCTAssertEqual([msgPrime.mumbleArray valueAtIndex:2], EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_Two);
+  XCTAssertEqual([msgPrime.mumbleArray valueAtIndex:3],
+                 EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_NegOne);
+  XCTAssertEqual([msgPrime.mumbleArray valueAtIndex:4],
+                 EnumTestMsg_MyEnum_NegTwo);
+}
+
+- (void)testReservedWordNaming {
+  // objectivec_helpers.cc has some special handing to make sure that
+  // some "reserved" objc names get renamed in a way so they
+  // don't conflict.
+  //
+  // This "test" confirms that the expected names are generated,
+  // otherwise the test itself will fail to compile.
+  self_Class *msg = [self_Class message];
+
+  // Some ObjC/C/C++ keywords.
+  msg.className_p = msg.hasClassName_p;
+  msg.cmd = msg.hasCmd;
+  msg.nullable_p = msg.hasNullable_p;
+  msg.typeof_p = msg.hasTypeof_p;
+  msg.instancetype_p = msg.hasInstancetype_p;
+  msg.nil_p = msg.hasNil_p;
+  msg.instancetype_p = msg.hasInstancetype_p;
+  msg.public_p = msg.hasPublic_p;
+
+  // Some that would override NSObject methods
+  msg.camltype = msg.hasCamltype;
+  msg.isNsdictionary = msg.hasIsNsdictionary;
+  msg.dealloc_p = msg.hasDealloc_p;
+  msg.zone_p = msg.hasZone_p;
+  msg.accessibilityLabel_p = msg.hasAccessibilityLabel_p;
+
+  // Some that we shouldn't need to handle.
+  msg.atomic = msg.hasAtomic;
+  msg.nonatomic = msg.hasNonatomic;
+  msg.strong = msg.hasStrong;
+  msg.nullResettable = msg.hasNullResettable;
+
+  // Some that would override GPBMessage methods
+  msg.clear_p = msg.hasClear_p;
+  msg.data_p = msg.hasData_p;
+
+  // Some MacTypes
+  msg.fixed = msg.hasFixed;
+  msg.style = msg.hasStyle;
+
+  // Some C Identifiers
+  msg.generic = msg.hasGeneric;
+  msg.block = msg.hasBlock;
+}
+
+- (void)testOneBasedEnumHolder {
+  // Test case for https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/1453
+  // Message with no explicit defaults, but a non zero default for an enum.
+  MessageWithOneBasedEnum *enumMsg = [MessageWithOneBasedEnum message];
+  XCTAssertEqual(enumMsg.enumField, MessageWithOneBasedEnum_OneBasedEnum_One);
+}
+
+- (void)testBoolOffsetUsage {
+  // Bools use storage within has_bits; this test ensures that this is honored
+  // in all places where things should crash or fail based on reading out of
+  // field storage instead.
+  BoolOnlyMessage *msg1 = [BoolOnlyMessage message];
+  BoolOnlyMessage *msg2 = [BoolOnlyMessage message];
+
+  msg1.boolField1 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField1 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField3 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField3 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField5 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField5 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField7 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField7 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField9 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField9 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField11 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField11 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField13 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField13 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField15 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField15 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField17 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField17 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField19 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField19 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField21 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField21 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField23 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField23 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField25 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField25 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField27 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField27 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField29 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField29 = YES;
+  msg1.boolField31 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField31 = YES;
+
+  msg1.boolField32 = YES;
+  msg2.boolField32 = YES;
+
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg1 != msg2); // Different pointers.
+  XCTAssertEqual([msg1 hash], [msg2 hash]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg1, msg2);
+
+  BoolOnlyMessage *msg1Prime = [[msg1 copy] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg1Prime != msg1); // Different pointers.
+  XCTAssertEqual([msg1 hash], [msg1Prime hash]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg1, msg1Prime);
+
+  // Field set in one, but not the other means they don't match (even if
+  // set to default value).
+  msg1Prime.boolField2 = NO;
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(msg1Prime, msg1);
+  // And when set to different values.
+  msg1.boolField2 = YES;
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(msg1Prime, msg1);
+  // And then they match again.
+  msg1.boolField2 = NO;
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg1Prime, msg1);
+  XCTAssertEqual([msg1 hash], [msg1Prime hash]);
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyingMapFields {
+  TestMessageOfMaps *msg = [TestMessageOfMaps message];
+
+  msg.strToStr[@"foo"] = @"bar";
+
+  [msg.strToInt setInt32:1 forKey:@"mumble"];
+  [msg.intToStr setObject:@"wee" forKey:42];
+  [msg.intToInt setInt32:123 forKey:321];
+
+  [msg.strToBool setBool:YES forKey:@"one"];
+  [msg.boolToStr setObject:@"something" forKey:YES];
+  [msg.boolToBool setBool:YES forKey:NO];
+
+  [msg.intToBool setBool:YES forKey:13];
+  [msg.boolToInt setInt32:111 forKey:NO];
+
+  TestAllTypes *subMsg1 = [TestAllTypes message];
+  subMsg1.optionalInt32 = 1;
+  TestAllTypes *subMsg2 = [TestAllTypes message];
+  subMsg1.optionalInt32 = 2;
+  TestAllTypes *subMsg3 = [TestAllTypes message];
+  subMsg1.optionalInt32 = 3;
+
+  msg.strToMsg[@"baz"] = subMsg1;
+  [msg.intToMsg setObject:subMsg2 forKey:222];
+  [msg.boolToMsg setObject:subMsg3 forKey:YES];
+
+  TestMessageOfMaps *msg2 = [[msg copy] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(msg2);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg2, msg);
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg2 != msg);  // ptr compare
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg.strToStr != msg2.strToStr);  // ptr compare
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg.intToStr != msg2.intToStr);  // ptr compare
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg.intToInt != msg2.intToInt);  // ptr compare
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg.strToBool != msg2.strToBool);  // ptr compare
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg.boolToStr != msg2.boolToStr);  // ptr compare
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg.boolToBool != msg2.boolToBool);  // ptr compare
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg.intToBool != msg2.intToBool);  // ptr compare
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg.boolToInt != msg2.boolToInt);  // ptr compare
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg.strToMsg != msg2.strToMsg);  // ptr compare
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg.intToMsg != msg2.intToMsg);  // ptr compare
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg.boolToMsg != msg2.boolToMsg);  // ptr compare
+
+  XCTAssertTrue(msg.strToMsg[@"baz"] != msg2.strToMsg[@"baz"]);  // ptr compare
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(msg.strToMsg[@"baz"], msg2.strToMsg[@"baz"]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([msg.intToMsg objectForKey:222] != [msg2.intToMsg objectForKey:222]);  // ptr compare
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([msg.intToMsg objectForKey:222], [msg2.intToMsg objectForKey:222]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([msg.boolToMsg objectForKey:YES] != [msg2.boolToMsg objectForKey:YES]);  // ptr compare
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([msg.boolToMsg objectForKey:YES], [msg2.boolToMsg objectForKey:YES]);
+}
+
+- (void)testPrefixedNames {
+  // The fact that this compiles is sufficient as a test.
+  // The assertions are just there to avoid "not-used" warnings.
+
+  // Verify that enum types and values get the prefix.
+  GPBTESTTestObjcProtoPrefixEnum value = GPBTESTTestObjcProtoPrefixEnum_Value;
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(value, 0);
+
+  // Verify that roots get the prefix.
+  GPBTESTUnittestObjcOptionsRoot *root = nil;
+  XCTAssertNil(root);
+
+  // Verify that messages that don't already have the prefix get a prefix.
+  GPBTESTTestObjcProtoPrefixMessage *prefixedMessage = nil;
+  XCTAssertNil(prefixedMessage);
+
+  // Verify that messages that already have a prefix aren't prefixed twice.
+  GPBTESTTestHasAPrefixMessage *alreadyPrefixedMessage = nil;
+  XCTAssertNil(alreadyPrefixedMessage);
+
+  // Verify that enums that already have a prefix aren't prefixed twice.
+  GPBTESTTestHasAPrefixEnum prefixedValue = GPBTESTTestHasAPrefixEnum_ValueB;
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(prefixedValue, 0);
+
+  // Verify that classes named the same as prefixes are prefixed.
+  GPBTESTGPBTEST *prefixMessage = nil;
+  XCTAssertNil(prefixMessage);
+
+  // Verify that classes that have the prefix followed by a lowercase
+  // letter DO get the prefix.
+  GPBTESTGPBTESTshouldGetAPrefixMessage *shouldGetAPrefixMessage = nil;
+  XCTAssertNil(shouldGetAPrefixMessage);
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBObjectiveCPlusPlusTest.mm b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBObjectiveCPlusPlusTest.mm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ba8fd0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBObjectiveCPlusPlusTest.mm
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2013 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+
+//
+// This is just a compile test (here to make sure things never regress).
+//
+// Objective C++ can run into issues with how the NS_ENUM/CF_ENUM declartion
+// works because of the C++ spec being used for that compilation unit. So
+// the fact that these imports all work without errors/warning means things
+// are still good.
+//
+// The "well know types" should have cross file enums needing imports.
+#import "GPBProtocolBuffers.h"
+// Some of the tests explicitly use cross file enums also.
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestImport.pbobjc.h"
+
+// Sanity check the conditions of the test within the Xcode project.
+#if !__cplusplus
+  #error This isn't compiled as Objective C++?
+#elif __cplusplus >= 201103L
+  // If this trips, it means the Xcode default might have change (or someone
+  // edited the testing project) and it might be time to revisit the GPB_ENUM
+  // define in GPBBootstrap.h.
+  #warning Did the Xcode default for C++ spec change?
+#endif
+
+
+// Dummy XCTest.
+@interface GPBObjectiveCPlusPlusTests : GPBTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBObjectiveCPlusPlusTests
+- (void)testCPlusPlus {
+  // Nothing, This was a compile test.
+  XCTAssertTrue(YES);
+}
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBPerfTests.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBPerfTests.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8dd0ffc53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBPerfTests.m
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2013 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestImport.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestObjc.pbobjc.h"
+
+//
+// This file really just uses the unittests framework as a testbed to
+// run some simple performance tests. The data can then be used to help
+// evaluate changes to the runtime.
+//
+
+static const uint32_t kRepeatedCount = 100;
+
+@interface PerfTests : GPBTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation PerfTests
+
+- (void)setUp {
+  // A convenient place to put a break point if you want to connect instruments.
+  [super setUp];
+}
+
+- (void)testMessagePerformance {
+  [self measureBlock:^{
+    for (int i = 0; i < 200; ++i) {
+      TestAllTypes* message = [[TestAllTypes alloc] init];
+      [self setAllFields:message repeatedCount:kRepeatedCount];
+      NSData* rawBytes = [message data];
+      [message release];
+      message = [[TestAllTypes alloc] initWithData:rawBytes error:NULL];
+      [message release];
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+- (void)testMessageSerialParsingPerformance {
+  // This and the next test are meant to monitor that the parsing functionality of protos does not
+  // lock across threads when parsing different instances. The Serial version of the test should run
+  // around ~2 times slower than the Parallel version since it's parsing the protos in the same
+  // thread.
+  TestAllTypes *allTypesMessage = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [self setAllFields:allTypesMessage repeatedCount:2];
+  NSData *allTypesData = allTypesMessage.data;
+
+  [self measureBlock:^{
+    for (int i = 0; i < 500; ++i) {
+      [TestAllTypes parseFromData:allTypesData error:NULL];
+      [TestAllTypes parseFromData:allTypesData error:NULL];
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+- (void)testMessageParallelParsingPerformance {
+  // This and the previous test are meant to monitor that the parsing functionality of protos does
+  // not lock across threads when parsing different instances. The Serial version of the test should
+  // run around ~2 times slower than the Parallel version since it's parsing the protos in the same
+  // thread.
+  TestAllTypes *allTypesMessage = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [self setAllFields:allTypesMessage repeatedCount:2];
+  NSData *allTypesData = allTypesMessage.data;
+
+  dispatch_queue_t concurrentQueue = dispatch_queue_create("perfQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
+
+  [self measureBlock:^{
+    for (int i = 0; i < 500; ++i) {
+      dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
+
+      dispatch_group_async(group, concurrentQueue, ^{
+        [TestAllTypes parseFromData:allTypesData error:NULL];
+      });
+
+      dispatch_group_async(group, concurrentQueue, ^{
+        [TestAllTypes parseFromData:allTypesData error:NULL];
+      });
+
+      dispatch_group_notify(group, concurrentQueue, ^{});
+
+      dispatch_release(group);
+    }
+  }];
+
+  dispatch_release(concurrentQueue);
+}
+
+- (void)testMessageSerialExtensionsParsingPerformance {
+  // This and the next test are meant to monitor that the parsing functionality of protos does not
+  // lock across threads when parsing different instances when using extensions. The Serial version
+  // of the test should run around ~2 times slower than the Parallel version since it's parsing the
+  // protos in the same thread.
+  TestAllExtensions *allExtensionsMessage = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [self setAllExtensions:allExtensionsMessage repeatedCount:2];
+  NSData *allExtensionsData = allExtensionsMessage.data;
+
+  [self measureBlock:^{
+    for (int i = 0; i < 500; ++i) {
+      [TestAllExtensions parseFromData:allExtensionsData
+                     extensionRegistry:[self extensionRegistry]
+                                 error:NULL];
+      [TestAllExtensions parseFromData:allExtensionsData
+                     extensionRegistry:[self extensionRegistry]
+                                 error:NULL];
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+- (void)testMessageParallelExtensionsParsingPerformance {
+  // This and the previous test are meant to monitor that the parsing functionality of protos does
+  // not lock across threads when parsing different instances when using extensions. The Serial
+  // version of the test should run around ~2 times slower than the Parallel version since it's
+  // parsing the protos in the same thread.
+  TestAllExtensions *allExtensionsMessage = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [self setAllExtensions:allExtensionsMessage repeatedCount:2];
+  NSData *allExtensionsData = allExtensionsMessage.data;
+
+  dispatch_queue_t concurrentQueue = dispatch_queue_create("perfQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
+
+  [self measureBlock:^{
+    for (int i = 0; i < 500; ++i) {
+      dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
+
+      dispatch_group_async(group, concurrentQueue, ^{
+        [TestAllExtensions parseFromData:allExtensionsData
+                       extensionRegistry:[UnittestRoot extensionRegistry]
+                                   error:NULL];
+      });
+
+      dispatch_group_async(group, concurrentQueue, ^{
+        [TestAllExtensions parseFromData:allExtensionsData
+                       extensionRegistry:[UnittestRoot extensionRegistry]
+                                   error:NULL];
+      });
+
+      dispatch_group_notify(group, concurrentQueue, ^{});
+
+      dispatch_release(group);
+    }
+  }];
+
+  dispatch_release(concurrentQueue);
+}
+
+- (void)testExtensionsPerformance {
+  [self measureBlock:^{
+    for (int i = 0; i < 200; ++i) {
+      TestAllExtensions* message = [[TestAllExtensions alloc] init];
+      [self setAllExtensions:message repeatedCount:kRepeatedCount];
+      NSData* rawBytes = [message data];
+      [message release];
+      TestAllExtensions* message2 =
+          [[TestAllExtensions alloc] initWithData:rawBytes error:NULL];
+      [message2 release];
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+- (void)testPackedTypesPerformance {
+  [self measureBlock:^{
+    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
+      TestPackedTypes* message = [[TestPackedTypes alloc] init];
+      [self setPackedFields:message repeatedCount:kRepeatedCount];
+      NSData* rawBytes = [message data];
+      [message release];
+      message = [[TestPackedTypes alloc] initWithData:rawBytes error:NULL];
+      [message release];
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+- (void)testPackedExtensionsPerformance {
+  [self measureBlock:^{
+    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
+      TestPackedExtensions* message = [[TestPackedExtensions alloc] init];
+      [self setPackedExtensions:message repeatedCount:kRepeatedCount];
+      NSData* rawBytes = [message data];
+      [message release];
+      TestPackedExtensions* message2 =
+          [[TestPackedExtensions alloc] initWithData:rawBytes error:NULL];
+      [message2 release];
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+- (void)testHas {
+  TestAllTypes* message = [self allSetRepeatedCount:1];
+  [self measureBlock:^{
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
+      [message hasOptionalInt32];
+      message.hasOptionalInt32 = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalInt32];
+
+      [message hasOptionalInt64];
+      message.hasOptionalInt64 = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalInt64];
+
+      [message hasOptionalUint32];
+      message.hasOptionalUint32 = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalUint32];
+
+      [message hasOptionalUint64];
+      message.hasOptionalUint64 = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalUint64];
+
+      [message hasOptionalSint32];
+      message.hasOptionalSint32 = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalSint32];
+
+      [message hasOptionalSint64];
+      message.hasOptionalSint64 = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalSint64];
+
+      [message hasOptionalFixed32];
+      message.hasOptionalFixed32 = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalFixed32];
+
+      [message hasOptionalFixed64];
+      message.hasOptionalFixed64 = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalFixed64];
+
+      [message hasOptionalSfixed32];
+      message.hasOptionalSfixed32 = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalSfixed32];
+
+      [message hasOptionalSfixed64];
+      message.hasOptionalSfixed64 = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalSfixed64];
+
+      [message hasOptionalFloat];
+      message.hasOptionalFloat = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalFloat];
+
+      [message hasOptionalDouble];
+      message.hasOptionalDouble = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalDouble];
+
+      [message hasOptionalBool];
+      message.hasOptionalBool = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalBool];
+
+      [message hasOptionalString];
+      message.hasOptionalString = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalString];
+
+      [message hasOptionalBytes];
+      message.hasOptionalBytes = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalBytes];
+
+      [message hasOptionalGroup];
+      message.hasOptionalGroup = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalGroup];
+
+      [message hasOptionalNestedMessage];
+      message.hasOptionalNestedMessage = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalNestedMessage];
+
+      [message hasOptionalForeignMessage];
+      message.hasOptionalForeignMessage = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalForeignMessage];
+
+      [message hasOptionalImportMessage];
+      message.hasOptionalImportMessage = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalImportMessage];
+
+      [message.optionalGroup hasA];
+      message.optionalGroup.hasA = NO;
+      [message.optionalGroup hasA];
+
+      [message.optionalNestedMessage hasBb];
+      message.optionalNestedMessage.hasBb = NO;
+      [message.optionalNestedMessage hasBb];
+
+      [message.optionalForeignMessage hasC];
+      message.optionalForeignMessage.hasC = NO;
+      [message.optionalForeignMessage hasC];
+
+      [message.optionalImportMessage hasD];
+      message.optionalImportMessage.hasD = NO;
+      [message.optionalImportMessage hasD];
+
+      [message hasOptionalNestedEnum];
+      message.hasOptionalNestedEnum = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalNestedEnum];
+
+      [message hasOptionalForeignEnum];
+      message.hasOptionalForeignEnum = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalForeignEnum];
+
+      [message hasOptionalImportEnum];
+      message.hasOptionalImportEnum = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalImportEnum];
+
+      [message hasOptionalStringPiece];
+      message.hasOptionalStringPiece = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalStringPiece];
+
+      [message hasOptionalCord];
+      message.hasOptionalCord = NO;
+      [message hasOptionalCord];
+
+      [message hasDefaultInt32];
+      message.hasDefaultInt32 = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultInt32];
+
+      [message hasDefaultInt64];
+      message.hasDefaultInt64 = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultInt64];
+
+      [message hasDefaultUint32];
+      message.hasDefaultUint32 = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultUint32];
+
+      [message hasDefaultUint64];
+      message.hasDefaultUint64 = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultUint64];
+
+      [message hasDefaultSint32];
+      message.hasDefaultSint32 = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultSint32];
+
+      [message hasDefaultSint64];
+      message.hasDefaultSint64 = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultSint64];
+
+      [message hasDefaultFixed32];
+      message.hasDefaultFixed32 = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultFixed32];
+
+      [message hasDefaultFixed64];
+      message.hasDefaultFixed64 = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultFixed64];
+
+      [message hasDefaultSfixed32];
+      message.hasDefaultSfixed32 = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultSfixed32];
+
+      [message hasDefaultSfixed64];
+      message.hasDefaultSfixed64 = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultSfixed64];
+
+      [message hasDefaultFloat];
+      message.hasDefaultFloat = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultFloat];
+
+      [message hasDefaultDouble];
+      message.hasDefaultDouble = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultDouble];
+
+      [message hasDefaultBool];
+      message.hasDefaultBool = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultBool];
+
+      [message hasDefaultString];
+      message.hasDefaultString = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultString];
+
+      [message hasDefaultBytes];
+      message.hasDefaultBytes = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultBytes];
+
+      [message hasDefaultNestedEnum];
+      message.hasDefaultNestedEnum = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultNestedEnum];
+
+      [message hasDefaultForeignEnum];
+      message.hasDefaultForeignEnum = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultForeignEnum];
+
+      [message hasDefaultImportEnum];
+      message.hasDefaultImportEnum = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultImportEnum];
+
+      [message hasDefaultStringPiece];
+      message.hasDefaultStringPiece = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultStringPiece];
+
+      [message hasDefaultCord];
+      message.hasDefaultCord = NO;
+      [message hasDefaultCord];
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBSwiftTests.swift b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBSwiftTests.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d8a0faeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBSwiftTests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import Foundation
+import XCTest
+
+// Test some usage of the ObjC library from Swift.
+
+class GPBBridgeTests: XCTestCase {
+
+  func testProto2Basics() {
+    let msg = Message2()
+    let msg2 = Message2()
+    let msg3 = Message2_OptionalGroup()
+
+    msg.optionalInt32 = 100
+    msg.optionalString = "abc"
+    msg.optionalEnum = .bar
+    msg2.optionalString = "other"
+    msg.optional = msg2
+    msg3.a = 200
+    msg.optionalGroup = msg3
+    msg.repeatedInt32Array.addValue(300)
+    msg.repeatedInt32Array.addValue(301)
+    msg.repeatedStringArray.add("mno")
+    msg.repeatedStringArray.add("pqr")
+    msg.repeatedEnumArray.addValue(Message2_Enum.bar.rawValue)
+    msg.repeatedEnumArray.addValue(Message2_Enum.baz.rawValue)
+    msg.mapInt32Int32.setInt32(400, forKey:500)
+    msg.mapInt32Int32.setInt32(401, forKey:501)
+    msg.mapStringString.setObject("foo", forKey:"bar" as NSString)
+    msg.mapStringString.setObject("abc", forKey:"xyz" as NSString)
+    msg.mapInt32Enum.setEnum(Message2_Enum.bar.rawValue, forKey:600)
+    msg.mapInt32Enum.setEnum(Message2_Enum.baz.rawValue, forKey:601)
+
+    // Check has*.
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalInt32)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalString)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalEnum)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg2.hasOptionalString)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalMessage)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg3.hasA)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalGroup)
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalInt64)
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalFloat)
+
+    // Check values.
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalInt32, Int32(100))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalString, "abc")
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg2.optionalString, "other")
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.optional === msg2)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalEnum, Message2_Enum.bar)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg3.a, Int32(200))
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.optionalGroup === msg3)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedInt32Array.count, UInt(2))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedInt32Array.value(at: 0), Int32(300))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedInt32Array.value(at: 1), Int32(301))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedStringArray.count, Int(2))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedStringArray.object(at: 0) as? String, "mno")
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedStringArray.object(at: 1) as? String, "pqr")
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedEnumArray.count, UInt(2))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedEnumArray.value(at: 0), Message2_Enum.bar.rawValue)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedEnumArray.value(at: 1), Message2_Enum.baz.rawValue)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedInt64Array.count, UInt(0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Int32.count, UInt(2))
+    var intValue: Int32 = 0
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.mapInt32Int32.getInt32(&intValue, forKey: 500))
+    XCTAssertEqual(intValue, Int32(400))
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.mapInt32Int32.getInt32(&intValue, forKey: 501))
+    XCTAssertEqual(intValue, Int32(401))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapStringString.count, Int(2))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapStringString.object(forKey: "bar") as? String, "foo")
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapStringString.object(forKey: "xyz") as? String, "abc")
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Enum.count, UInt(2))
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.mapInt32Enum.getEnum(&intValue, forKey:600))
+    XCTAssertEqual(intValue, Message2_Enum.bar.rawValue)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.mapInt32Enum.getEnum(&intValue, forKey:601))
+    XCTAssertEqual(intValue, Message2_Enum.baz.rawValue)
+
+    // Clearing a string with nil.
+    msg2.optionalString = nil
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg2.hasOptionalString)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg2.optionalString, "")
+
+    // Clearing a message with nil.
+    msg.optionalGroup = nil
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalGroup)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.optionalGroup !== msg3)  // New instance
+
+    // Clear.
+    msg.clear()
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalInt32)
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalString)
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalEnum)
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalMessage)
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalInt64)
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalFloat)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalInt32, Int32(0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalString, "")
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.optional !== msg2)  // New instance
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalEnum, Message2_Enum.foo)  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedInt32Array.count, UInt(0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedStringArray.count, Int(0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedEnumArray.count, UInt(0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Int32.count, UInt(0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapStringString.count, Int(0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Enum.count, UInt(0))
+  }
+
+  func testProto3Basics() {
+    let msg = Message3()
+    let msg2 = Message3()
+
+    msg.optionalInt32 = 100
+    msg.optionalString = "abc"
+    msg.optionalEnum = .bar
+    msg2.optionalString = "other"
+    msg.optional = msg2
+    msg.repeatedInt32Array.addValue(300)
+    msg.repeatedInt32Array.addValue(301)
+    msg.repeatedStringArray.add("mno")
+    msg.repeatedStringArray.add("pqr")
+    // "proto3" syntax lets enum get unknown values.
+    msg.repeatedEnumArray.addValue(Message3_Enum.bar.rawValue)
+    msg.repeatedEnumArray.addRawValue(666)
+    SetMessage3_OptionalEnum_RawValue(msg2, 666)
+    msg.mapInt32Int32.setInt32(400, forKey:500)
+    msg.mapInt32Int32.setInt32(401, forKey:501)
+    msg.mapStringString.setObject("foo", forKey:"bar" as NSString)
+    msg.mapStringString.setObject("abc", forKey:"xyz" as NSString)
+    msg.mapInt32Enum.setEnum(Message2_Enum.bar.rawValue, forKey:600)
+    // "proto3" syntax lets enum get unknown values.
+    msg.mapInt32Enum.setRawValue(666, forKey:601)
+
+    // Has only exists on for message fields.
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalMessage)
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg2.hasOptionalMessage)
+
+    // Check values.
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalInt32, Int32(100))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalString, "abc")
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg2.optionalString, "other")
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.optional === msg2)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalEnum, Message3_Enum.bar)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedInt32Array.count, UInt(2))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedInt32Array.value(at: 0), Int32(300))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedInt32Array.value(at: 1), Int32(301))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedStringArray.count, Int(2))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedStringArray.object(at: 0) as? String, "mno")
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedStringArray.object(at: 1) as? String, "pqr")
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedInt64Array.count, UInt(0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedEnumArray.count, UInt(2))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedEnumArray.value(at: 0), Message3_Enum.bar.rawValue)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedEnumArray.value(at: 1), Message3_Enum.gpbUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue.rawValue)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedEnumArray.rawValue(at: 1), 666)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg2.optionalEnum, Message3_Enum.gpbUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue)
+    XCTAssertEqual(Message3_OptionalEnum_RawValue(msg2), Int32(666))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Int32.count, UInt(2))
+    var intValue: Int32 = 0
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.mapInt32Int32.getInt32(&intValue, forKey:500))
+    XCTAssertEqual(intValue, Int32(400))
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.mapInt32Int32.getInt32(&intValue, forKey:501))
+    XCTAssertEqual(intValue, Int32(401))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapStringString.count, Int(2))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapStringString.object(forKey: "bar") as? String, "foo")
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapStringString.object(forKey: "xyz") as? String, "abc")
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Enum.count, UInt(2))
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.mapInt32Enum.getEnum(&intValue, forKey:600))
+    XCTAssertEqual(intValue, Message2_Enum.bar.rawValue)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.mapInt32Enum.getEnum(&intValue, forKey:601))
+    XCTAssertEqual(intValue, Message3_Enum.gpbUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue.rawValue)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.mapInt32Enum.getRawValue(&intValue, forKey:601))
+    XCTAssertEqual(intValue, 666)
+
+    // Clearing a string with nil.
+    msg2.optionalString = nil
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg2.optionalString, "")
+
+    // Clearing a message with nil.
+    msg.optional = nil
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalMessage)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.optional !== msg2)  // New instance
+
+    // Clear.
+    msg.clear()
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalMessage)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalInt32, Int32(0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalString, "")
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.optional !== msg2)  // New instance
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalEnum, Message3_Enum.foo)  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedInt32Array.count, UInt(0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedStringArray.count, Int(0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedEnumArray.count, UInt(0))
+    msg2.clear()
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg2.optionalEnum, Message3_Enum.foo)  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(Message3_OptionalEnum_RawValue(msg2), Message3_Enum.foo.rawValue)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Int32.count, UInt(0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapStringString.count, Int(0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Enum.count, UInt(0))
+  }
+
+  func testAutoCreation() {
+    let msg = Message2()
+
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalGroup)
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalMessage)
+
+    // Access shouldn't result in has* but should return objects.
+    let msg2 = msg.optionalGroup
+    let msg3 = msg.optional.optional
+    let msg4 = msg.optional
+    XCTAssertNotNil(msg2)
+    XCTAssertNotNil(msg3)
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalGroup)
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.optional.hasOptionalMessage)
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalMessage)
+
+    // Setting things should trigger has* getting set.
+    msg.optionalGroup.a = 10
+    msg.optional.optional.optionalInt32 = 100
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalGroup)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.optional.hasOptionalMessage)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalMessage)
+
+    // And they should be the same pointer as before.
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg2 === msg.optionalGroup)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg3 === msg.optional.optional)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg4 === msg.optional)
+
+    // Clear gets us new objects next time around.
+    msg.clear()
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalGroup)
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.optional.hasOptionalMessage)
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalMessage)
+    msg.optionalGroup.a = 20
+    msg.optional.optional.optionalInt32 = 200
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalGroup)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.optional.hasOptionalMessage)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalMessage)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg2 !== msg.optionalGroup)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg3 !== msg.optional.optional)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg4 !== msg.optional)
+
+    // Explicit set of a message, means autocreated object doesn't bind.
+    msg.clear()
+    let autoCreated = msg.optional
+    XCTAssertFalse(msg.hasOptionalMessage)
+    let msg5 = Message2()
+    msg5.optionalInt32 = 123
+    msg.optional = msg5
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalMessage)
+    // Modifing the autocreated doesn't replaced the explicit set one.
+    autoCreated?.optionalInt32 = 456
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.hasOptionalMessage)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.optional === msg5)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optional.optionalInt32, Int32(123))
+  }
+
+  func testProto2OneOfSupport() {
+    let msg = Message2()
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase.gpbUnsetOneOfCase)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(100))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, Float(110.0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum.baz)  // Default
+    let autoCreated = msg.oneof  // Default create one.
+    XCTAssertNotNil(autoCreated)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase.gpbUnsetOneOfCase)
+
+    msg.oneofInt32 = 10
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(10))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, Float(110.0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum.baz)  // Default
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.oneof === autoCreated)  // Still the same
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase.oneofInt32)
+
+    msg.oneofFloat = 20.0
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(100))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, Float(20.0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum.baz)  // Default
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.oneof === autoCreated)  // Still the same
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase.oneofFloat)
+
+    msg.oneofEnum = .bar
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(100))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, Float(110.0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum.bar)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.oneof === autoCreated)  // Still the same
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase.oneofEnum)
+
+    // Sets via the autocreated instance.
+    msg.oneof.optionalInt32 = 200
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(100))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, Float(110.0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum.baz)  // Default
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.oneof === autoCreated)  // Still the same
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneof.optionalInt32, Int32(200))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase.oneofMessage)
+
+    // Clear the oneof.
+    Message2_ClearOOneOfCase(msg)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(100))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, Float(110.0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message2_Enum.baz)  // Default
+    let autoCreated2 = msg.oneof  // Default create one
+    XCTAssertNotNil(autoCreated2)
+    XCTAssertTrue(autoCreated2 !== autoCreated)  // New instance
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneof.optionalInt32, Int32(0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase.gpbUnsetOneOfCase)
+
+    msg.oneofInt32 = 10
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(10))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase.oneofInt32)
+
+    // Confirm Message.clear() handles the oneof correctly.
+    msg.clear()
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(100))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase.gpbUnsetOneOfCase)
+
+    // Sets via the autocreated instance.
+    msg.oneof.optionalInt32 = 300
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.oneof !== autoCreated)  // New instance
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.oneof !== autoCreated2)  // New instance
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneof.optionalInt32, Int32(300))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase.oneofMessage)
+
+    // Set message to nil clears the oneof.
+    msg.oneof = nil
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneof.optionalInt32, Int32(0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message2_O_OneOfCase.gpbUnsetOneOfCase)
+}
+
+  func testProto3OneOfSupport() {
+    let msg = Message3()
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase.gpbUnsetOneOfCase)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, Float(0.0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum.foo)  // Default
+    let autoCreated = msg.oneof  // Default create one.
+    XCTAssertNotNil(autoCreated)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase.gpbUnsetOneOfCase)
+
+    msg.oneofInt32 = 10
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(10))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, Float(0.0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum.foo)  // Default
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.oneof === autoCreated)  // Still the same
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase.oneofInt32)
+
+    msg.oneofFloat = 20.0
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, Float(20.0))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum.foo)  // Default
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.oneof === autoCreated)  // Still the same
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase.oneofFloat)
+
+    msg.oneofEnum = .bar
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, Float(0.0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum.bar)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.oneof === autoCreated)  // Still the same
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase.oneofEnum)
+
+    // Sets via the autocreated instance.
+    msg.oneof.optionalInt32 = 200
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, Float(0.0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum.foo)  // Default
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.oneof === autoCreated)  // Still the same
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneof.optionalInt32, Int32(200))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase.oneofMessage)
+
+    // Clear the oneof.
+    Message3_ClearOOneOfCase(msg)
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofFloat, Float(0.0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofEnum, Message3_Enum.foo)  // Default
+    let autoCreated2 = msg.oneof  // Default create one
+    XCTAssertNotNil(autoCreated2)
+    XCTAssertTrue(autoCreated2 !== autoCreated)  // New instance
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneof.optionalInt32, Int32(0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase.gpbUnsetOneOfCase)
+
+    msg.oneofInt32 = 10
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(10))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase.oneofInt32)
+
+    // Confirm Message.clear() handles the oneof correctly.
+    msg.clear()
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneofInt32, Int32(0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase.gpbUnsetOneOfCase)
+
+    // Sets via the autocreated instance.
+    msg.oneof.optionalInt32 = 300
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.oneof !== autoCreated)  // New instance
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg.oneof !== autoCreated2)  // New instance
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneof.optionalInt32, Int32(300))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase.oneofMessage)
+
+    // Set message to nil clears the oneof.
+    msg.oneof = nil
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oneof.optionalInt32, Int32(0))  // Default
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.oOneOfCase, Message3_O_OneOfCase.gpbUnsetOneOfCase)
+  }
+
+  func testSerialization() {
+    let msg = Message2()
+
+    msg.optionalInt32 = 100
+    msg.optionalInt64 = 101
+    msg.optionalGroup.a = 102
+    msg.repeatedStringArray.add("abc")
+    msg.repeatedStringArray.add("def")
+    msg.mapInt32Int32.setInt32(200, forKey:300)
+    msg.mapInt32Int32.setInt32(201, forKey:201)
+    msg.mapStringString.setObject("foo", forKey:"bar" as NSString)
+    msg.mapStringString.setObject("abc", forKey:"xyz" as NSString)
+
+    let data = msg.data()
+
+    let msg2 = try! Message2(data: data!)
+    XCTAssertTrue(msg2 !== msg)  // New instance
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalInt32, Int32(100))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalInt64, Int64(101))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.optionalGroup.a, Int32(102))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.repeatedStringArray.count, Int(2))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapInt32Int32.count, UInt(2))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg.mapStringString.count, Int(2))
+    XCTAssertEqual(msg2, msg)
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBTestUtilities.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBTestUtilities.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..780184b07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBTestUtilities.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <XCTest/XCTest.h>
+
+@class TestAllExtensions;
+@class TestAllTypes;
+@class TestMap;
+@class TestPackedTypes;
+@class TestPackedExtensions;
+@class TestUnpackedTypes;
+@class TestUnpackedExtensions;
+@class GPBExtensionRegistry;
+
+static inline NSData *DataFromCStr(const char *str) {
+  return [NSData dataWithBytes:str length:strlen(str)];
+}
+
+// Helper for uses of C arrays in tests cases.
+#ifndef GPBARRAYSIZE
+#define GPBARRAYSIZE(a) ((sizeof(a) / sizeof((a[0]))))
+#endif  // GPBARRAYSIZE
+
+
+// The number of repetitions of any repeated objects inside of test messages.
+extern const uint32_t kGPBDefaultRepeatCount;
+
+@interface GPBTestCase : XCTestCase
+
+- (void)setAllFields:(TestAllTypes *)message repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (void)clearAllFields:(TestAllTypes *)message;
+- (void)setAllExtensions:(TestAllExtensions *)message
+           repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (void)setPackedFields:(TestPackedTypes *)message
+          repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (void)setUnpackedFields:(TestUnpackedTypes *)message
+            repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (void)setPackedExtensions:(TestPackedExtensions *)message
+              repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (void)setUnpackedExtensions:(TestUnpackedExtensions *)message
+              repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (void)setAllMapFields:(TestMap *)message numEntries:(uint32_t)count;
+
+- (TestAllTypes *)allSetRepeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (TestAllExtensions *)allExtensionsSetRepeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (TestPackedTypes *)packedSetRepeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (TestPackedExtensions *)packedExtensionsSetRepeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+
+- (void)assertAllFieldsSet:(TestAllTypes *)message
+             repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (void)assertAllExtensionsSet:(TestAllExtensions *)message
+                 repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (void)assertRepeatedFieldsModified:(TestAllTypes *)message
+                       repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (void)assertRepeatedExtensionsModified:(TestAllExtensions *)message
+                           repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (void)assertExtensionsClear:(TestAllExtensions *)message;
+- (void)assertClear:(TestAllTypes *)message;
+- (void)assertPackedFieldsSet:(TestPackedTypes *)message
+                repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (void)assertPackedExtensionsSet:(TestPackedExtensions *)message
+                    repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+
+- (void)modifyRepeatedExtensions:(TestAllExtensions *)message;
+- (void)modifyRepeatedFields:(TestAllTypes *)message;
+
+- (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+
+- (NSData *)getDataFileNamed:(NSString *)name dataToWrite:(NSData *)dataToWrite;
+
+- (void)assertAllFieldsKVCMatch:(TestAllTypes *)message;
+- (void)setAllFieldsViaKVC:(TestAllTypes *)message
+             repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count;
+- (void)assertClearKVC:(TestAllTypes *)message;
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBTestUtilities.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBTestUtilities.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0362bdde6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBTestUtilities.m
@@ -0,0 +1,2546 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+#import "google/protobuf/MapUnittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestImport.pbobjc.h"
+
+const uint32_t kGPBDefaultRepeatCount = 2;
+
+// Small category to easily turn a CString into an NSData.
+@interface NSData (GPBTestCase)
++ (NSData *)gpbtu_dataWithCString:(char *)buffer;
++ (instancetype)gpbtu_dataWithEmbeddedNulls;
+@end
+
+@implementation NSData (GPBTestCase)
++ (NSData *)gpbtu_dataWithCString:(char *)buffer {
+  return [NSData dataWithBytes:buffer length:strlen(buffer)];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)gpbtu_dataWithUint32:(uint32_t)value {
+  return [[[self alloc] initWithUint32_gpbtu:value] autorelease];
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithUint32_gpbtu:(uint32_t)value {
+  value = CFSwapInt32HostToLittle(value);
+  return [self initWithBytes:&value length:sizeof(value)];
+}
+
++ (instancetype)gpbtu_dataWithEmbeddedNulls {
+  char bytes[6] = "\1\0\2\3\0\5";
+  return [self dataWithBytes:bytes length:sizeof(bytes)];
+}
+@end
+
+@implementation GPBTestCase
+
+// Return data for name. Optionally (based on #if setting) write out dataToWrite
+// to replace that data. Useful for setting golden masters.
+- (NSData *)getDataFileNamed:(NSString *)name
+                 dataToWrite:(NSData *)dataToWrite {
+  NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle bundleForClass:[self class]];
+  NSString *path = [bundle pathForResource:[name stringByDeletingPathExtension]
+                                    ofType:[name pathExtension]];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(path, @"Unable to find %@", name);
+  NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:path];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(data, @"Unable to load from %@", path);
+#if 0
+  // Enable to write out golden master files.
+  if (!path) {
+    path = [[bundle resourcePath] stringByAppendingPathComponent:name];
+  }
+  NSError *error = nil;
+  BOOL wrote = [dataToWrite writeToFile:path options:NSDataWritingAtomic error:&error];
+  XCTAssertTrue(wrote, @"Unable to write %@ (%@)", path, error);
+  NSLog(@"Wrote data file to %@", path);
+#else
+  // Kill off the unused variable warning.
+  (void)dataToWrite;
+#endif
+  return data;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+- (void)modifyRepeatedExtensions:(TestAllExtensions *)message {
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt32Extension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@501];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt64Extension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@502];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint32Extension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@503];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint64Extension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@504];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint32Extension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@505];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint64Extension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@506];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed32Extension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@507];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed64Extension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@508];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed32Extension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@509];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed64Extension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@510];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFloatExtension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@511.0f];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedDoubleExtension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@512.0];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBoolExtension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@YES];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringExtension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@"515"];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBytesExtension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:[NSData gpbtu_dataWithUint32:516]];
+
+  RepeatedGroup_extension *repeatedGroup = [RepeatedGroup_extension message];
+  [repeatedGroup setA:517];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedGroupExtension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:repeatedGroup];
+  TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *nestedMessage =
+      [TestAllTypes_NestedMessage message];
+  [nestedMessage setBb:518];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedMessageExtension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:nestedMessage];
+  ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [ForeignMessage message];
+  [foreignMessage setC:519];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignMessageExtension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:foreignMessage];
+  ImportMessage *importMessage = [ImportMessage message];
+  [importMessage setD:520];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportMessageExtension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:importMessage];
+
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedEnumExtension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo)];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignEnumExtension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@(ForeignEnum_ForeignFoo)];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportEnumExtension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@(ImportEnum_ImportFoo)];
+
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringPieceExtension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@"524"];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedCordExtension]
+                  index:1
+                  value:@"525"];
+}
+
+- (void)assertAllExtensionsSet:(TestAllExtensions *)message
+                 repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalUint32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalUint64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSint32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSint64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFixed32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFixed64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSfixed32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSfixed64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFloatExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalDoubleExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalBoolExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalBytesExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]] hasA]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]] hasBb]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]] hasC]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]] hasD]);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedEnumExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignEnumExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportEnumExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringPieceExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalCordExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultInt32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultInt64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultUint32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultUint64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSint32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSint64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFixed32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFixed64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSfixed32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSfixed64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFloatExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultDoubleExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultBoolExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultStringExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultBytesExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultNestedEnumExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultForeignEnumExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultImportEnumExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultStringPieceExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultCordExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(101, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(102LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt64Extension]] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(103U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalUint32Extension]] unsignedIntValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(104ULL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalUint64Extension]] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(105, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSint32Extension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(106LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSint64Extension]] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(107U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFixed32Extension]] unsignedIntValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(108ULL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFixed64Extension]] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(109, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSfixed32Extension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(110LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSfixed64Extension]] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(111.0f, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFloatExtension]] floatValue], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(112.0, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalDoubleExtension]] doubleValue], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertTrue([[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalBoolExtension]] boolValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"115", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([NSData gpbtu_dataWithEmbeddedNulls], [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalBytesExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(117, [(TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup*)[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]] a]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(118, [(TestAllTypes_NestedMessage*)[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]] bb]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(119, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]] c]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(120, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]] d]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedEnumExtension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignEnumExtension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ImportEnum_ImportBaz, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportEnumExtension]] intValue]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"124", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringPieceExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"125", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalCordExtension]]);
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFloatExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedDoubleExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBoolExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBytesExtension]] count]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedGroupExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedMessageExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignMessageExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportMessageExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedEnumExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignEnumExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportEnumExtension]] count]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringPieceExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedCordExtension]] count]);
+
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    id extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt32Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(201 + i * 100), [extension[i] intValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt64Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(202 + i * 100, [extension[i] longLongValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint32Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(203 + i * 100, [extension[i] unsignedIntValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint64Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(204 + i * 100, [extension[i] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint32Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(205 + i * 100), [extension[i] intValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint64Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(206 + i * 100, [extension[i] longLongValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed32Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(207 + i * 100, [extension[i] unsignedIntValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed64Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(208 + i * 100, [extension[i] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed32Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(209 + i * 100), [extension[i] intValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed64Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(210 + i * 100, [extension[i] longLongValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFloatExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(211 + i * 100, [extension[i] floatValue], 0.01);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedDoubleExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(212 + i * 100, [extension[i] doubleValue], 0.01);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBoolExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((i % 2) ? YES : NO, [extension[i] boolValue]);
+
+    NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 215 + i * 100];
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(string, extension[i]);
+    [string release];
+
+    NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithUint32_gpbtu:216 + i * 100];
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBytesExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(data, extension[i]);
+    [data release];
+
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedGroupExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(217 + i * 100), [(TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup*)extension[i] a]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedMessageExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(218 + i * 100), [(TestAllTypes_NestedMessage*)extension[i] bb]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignMessageExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(219 + i * 100), [extension[i] c]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportMessageExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(220 + i * 100), [extension[i] d]);
+
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedEnumExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((i % 2) ? TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Bar : TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz, [extension[i] intValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignEnumExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((i % 2) ? ForeignEnum_ForeignBar : ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz, [extension[i] intValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportEnumExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((i % 2) ? ImportEnum_ImportBar : ImportEnum_ImportBaz, [extension[i] intValue]);
+
+    string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 224 + i * 100];
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringPieceExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(string, extension[i]);
+    [string release];
+
+    string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 225 + i * 100];
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedCordExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(string, extension[i]);
+    [string release];
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultInt32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultInt64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultUint32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultUint64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSint32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSint64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFixed32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFixed64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSfixed32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSfixed64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFloatExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultDoubleExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultBoolExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultStringExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultBytesExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultNestedEnumExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultForeignEnumExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultImportEnumExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultStringPieceExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultCordExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(401, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultInt32Extension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(402LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultInt64Extension]] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(403U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultUint32Extension]] unsignedIntValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(404ULL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultUint64Extension]] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(405, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSint32Extension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(406LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSint64Extension]] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(407U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFixed32Extension]] unsignedIntValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(408ULL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFixed64Extension]] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(409, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSfixed32Extension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(410LL,[[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSfixed64Extension]] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(411.0f, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFloatExtension]] floatValue], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(412.0, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultDoubleExtension]] doubleValue], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertFalse([[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultBoolExtension]] boolValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"415", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultStringExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([NSData gpbtu_dataWithUint32:416], [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultBytesExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultNestedEnumExtension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ForeignEnum_ForeignFoo, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultForeignEnumExtension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ImportEnum_ImportFoo, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultImportEnumExtension]] intValue]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"424", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultStringPieceExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"425", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultCordExtension]]);
+}
+
+- (void)assertRepeatedExtensionsModified:(TestAllExtensions *)message
+                           repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
+  // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
+  // element and size were *not* modified.
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFloatExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedDoubleExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBoolExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBytesExtension]] count]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedGroupExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedMessageExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignMessageExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportMessageExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedEnumExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignEnumExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportEnumExtension]] count]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringPieceExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedCordExtension]] count]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(201,[[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt32Extension]][0] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(202LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt64Extension]][0] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(203U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint32Extension]][0] unsignedIntValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(204ULL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint64Extension]][0] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(205, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint32Extension]][0] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(206LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint64Extension]][0] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(207U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed32Extension]][0] unsignedIntValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(208ULL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed64Extension]][0] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(209, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed32Extension]][0] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(210LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed64Extension]][0] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(211.0f, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFloatExtension]][0] floatValue], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(212.0, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedDoubleExtension]][0] doubleValue], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertFalse([[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBoolExtension]][0] boolValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"215", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringExtension]][0]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([NSData gpbtu_dataWithUint32:216], [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBytesExtension]][0]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(217, [(TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup*)[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedGroupExtension]][0] a]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(218, [(TestAllTypes_NestedMessage*)[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedMessageExtension]][0] bb]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(219, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignMessageExtension]][0] c]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(220, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportMessageExtension]][0] d]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz,
+                 [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedEnumExtension]][0] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz,
+                 [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignEnumExtension]][0] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ImportEnum_ImportBaz,
+                 [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportEnumExtension]][0] intValue]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"224", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringPieceExtension]][0]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"225", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedCordExtension]][0]);
+
+  // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+  XCTAssertEqual(501, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt32Extension]][1] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(502LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt64Extension]][1] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(503U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint32Extension]][1] unsignedIntValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(504ULL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint64Extension]][1] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(505, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint32Extension]][1] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(506LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint64Extension]][1] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(507U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed32Extension]][1] unsignedIntValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(508ULL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed64Extension]][1] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(509, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed32Extension]][1] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(510LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed64Extension]][1] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(511.0f, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFloatExtension]][1] floatValue], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(512.0, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedDoubleExtension]][1] doubleValue], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertTrue([[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBoolExtension]][1] boolValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"515", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringExtension]][1]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([NSData gpbtu_dataWithUint32:516], [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBytesExtension]][1]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(517, [(TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup*)[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedGroupExtension]][1] a]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(518, [(TestAllTypes_NestedMessage*)[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedMessageExtension]][1] bb]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(519, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignMessageExtension]][1] c]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(520, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportMessageExtension]][1] d]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo,
+                 [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedEnumExtension]][1] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ForeignEnum_ForeignFoo,
+                 [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignEnumExtension]][1] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ImportEnum_ImportFoo,
+                 [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportEnumExtension]][1] intValue]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"524", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringPieceExtension]][1]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"525", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedCordExtension]][1]);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+- (void)assertAllFieldsSet:(TestAllTypes *)message
+             repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalInt32);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalInt64);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalUint32);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalUint64);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalSint32);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalSint64);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalFixed32);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalFixed64);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalSfixed32);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalSfixed64);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalFloat);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalDouble);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalBool);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalString);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalBytes);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalImportMessage);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.optionalGroup.hasA);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.optionalNestedMessage.hasBb);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.optionalForeignMessage.hasC);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.optionalImportMessage.hasD);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalNestedEnum);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalForeignEnum);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalImportEnum);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalStringPiece);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasOptionalCord);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(101, message.optionalInt32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(102LL, message.optionalInt64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(103U, message.optionalUint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(104ULL, message.optionalUint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(105, message.optionalSint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(106LL, message.optionalSint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(107U, message.optionalFixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(108ULL, message.optionalFixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(109, message.optionalSfixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(110LL, message.optionalSfixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(111.0f, message.optionalFloat, 0.1);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(112.0, message.optionalDouble, 0.1);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.optionalBool);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"115", message.optionalString);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([NSData gpbtu_dataWithEmbeddedNulls],
+                        message.optionalBytes);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(117, message.optionalGroup.a);
+  XCTAssertEqual(118, message.optionalNestedMessage.bb);
+  XCTAssertEqual(119, message.optionalForeignMessage.c);
+  XCTAssertEqual(120, message.optionalImportMessage.d);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz, message.optionalNestedEnum);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz, message.optionalForeignEnum);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ImportEnum_ImportBaz, message.optionalImportEnum);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"124", message.optionalStringPiece);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"125", message.optionalCord);
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedInt32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedInt64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedUint32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedUint64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSint32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSint64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedFixed32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedFixed64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSfixed32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSfixed64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedFloatArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedDoubleArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedBoolArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedStringArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedBytesArray.count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedGroupArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedNestedMessageArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedForeignMessageArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedImportMessageArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedNestedEnumArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedForeignEnumArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedImportEnumArray.count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedStringPieceArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedCordArray.count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedInt32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedInt64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedUint32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedUint64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSint32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSint64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedFixed32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedFixed64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSfixed32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSfixed64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedFloatArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedDoubleArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedBoolArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedStringArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedBytesArray_Count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedGroupArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedNestedMessageArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedForeignMessageArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedImportMessageArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedNestedEnumArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedForeignEnumArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedImportEnumArray_Count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedStringPieceArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedCordArray_Count);
+
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(201 + i * 100),
+                   [message.repeatedInt32Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(202 + i * 100, [message.repeatedInt64Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(203 + i * 100, [message.repeatedUint32Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(204 + i * 100, [message.repeatedUint64Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(205 + i * 100),
+                   [message.repeatedSint32Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(206 + i * 100, [message.repeatedSint64Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(207 + i * 100,
+                   [message.repeatedFixed32Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(208 + i * 100,
+                   [message.repeatedFixed64Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(209 + i * 100),
+                   [message.repeatedSfixed32Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(210 + i * 100,
+                   [message.repeatedSfixed64Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(
+        211 + i * 100, [message.repeatedFloatArray valueAtIndex:i], 0.1);
+    XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(
+        212 + i * 100, [message.repeatedDoubleArray valueAtIndex:i], 0.1);
+    XCTAssertEqual((i % 2) ? YES : NO,
+                   [message.repeatedBoolArray valueAtIndex:i]);
+
+    NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 215 + i * 100];
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(string, message.repeatedStringArray[i]);
+    [string release];
+
+    NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithUint32_gpbtu:216 + i * 100];
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(data, message.repeatedBytesArray[i]);
+    [data release];
+
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(217 + i * 100), ((TestAllTypes_RepeatedGroup*)message.repeatedGroupArray[i]).a);
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(218 + i * 100), ((TestAllTypes_NestedMessage*)message.repeatedNestedMessageArray[i]).bb);
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(219 + i * 100), ((ForeignMessage*)message.repeatedForeignMessageArray[i]).c);
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(220 + i * 100), ((ImportMessage*)message.repeatedImportMessageArray[i]).d);
+
+    XCTAssertEqual((i % 2) ? TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Bar : TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz, [message.repeatedNestedEnumArray valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual((i % 2) ? ForeignEnum_ForeignBar : ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz, [message.repeatedForeignEnumArray valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual((i % 2) ? ImportEnum_ImportBar : ImportEnum_ImportBaz, [message.repeatedImportEnumArray valueAtIndex:i]);
+
+    string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 224 + i * 100];
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(string, message.repeatedStringPieceArray[i]);
+    [string release];
+
+    string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 225 + i * 100];
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(string, message.repeatedCordArray[i]);
+    [string release];
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultInt32);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultInt64);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultUint32);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultUint64);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultSint32);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultSint64);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultFixed32);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultFixed64);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultSfixed32);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultSfixed64);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultFloat);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultDouble);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultBool);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultString);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultBytes);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultNestedEnum);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultForeignEnum);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultImportEnum);
+
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultStringPiece);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.hasDefaultCord);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(401, message.defaultInt32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(402LL, message.defaultInt64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(403U, message.defaultUint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(404ULL, message.defaultUint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(405, message.defaultSint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(406LL, message.defaultSint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(407U, message.defaultFixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(408ULL, message.defaultFixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(409, message.defaultSfixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(410LL, message.defaultSfixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(411.0f, message.defaultFloat, 0.1);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(412.0, message.defaultDouble, 0.1);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.defaultBool);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"415", message.defaultString);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([NSData gpbtu_dataWithUint32:416],
+                        message.defaultBytes);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo, message.defaultNestedEnum);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ForeignEnum_ForeignFoo, message.defaultForeignEnum);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ImportEnum_ImportFoo, message.defaultImportEnum);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"424", message.defaultStringPiece);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"425", message.defaultCord);
+}
+
+- (void)setAllFields:(TestAllTypes *)message repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  [message setOptionalInt32:101];
+  [message setOptionalInt64:102];
+  [message setOptionalUint32:103];
+  [message setOptionalUint64:104];
+  [message setOptionalSint32:105];
+  [message setOptionalSint64:106];
+  [message setOptionalFixed32:107];
+  [message setOptionalFixed64:108];
+  [message setOptionalSfixed32:109];
+  [message setOptionalSfixed64:110];
+  [message setOptionalFloat:111];
+  [message setOptionalDouble:112];
+  [message setOptionalBool:YES];
+  [message setOptionalString:@"115"];
+  [message setOptionalBytes:[NSData gpbtu_dataWithEmbeddedNulls]];
+
+  TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup *allTypes = [TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup message];
+  [allTypes setA:117];
+  [message setOptionalGroup:allTypes];
+  TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *nestedMessage =
+      [TestAllTypes_NestedMessage message];
+  [nestedMessage setBb:118];
+  [message setOptionalNestedMessage:nestedMessage];
+  ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [ForeignMessage message];
+  [foreignMessage setC:119];
+  [message setOptionalForeignMessage:foreignMessage];
+  ImportMessage *importMessage = [ImportMessage message];
+  [importMessage setD:120];
+  [message setOptionalImportMessage:importMessage];
+
+  [message setOptionalNestedEnum:TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz];
+  [message setOptionalForeignEnum:ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz];
+  [message setOptionalImportEnum:ImportEnum_ImportBaz];
+
+  [message setOptionalStringPiece:@"124"];
+  [message setOptionalCord:@"125"];
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    [message.repeatedInt32Array addValue:201 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedInt64Array addValue:202 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedUint32Array addValue:203 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedUint64Array addValue:204 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedSint32Array addValue:205 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedSint64Array addValue:206 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedFixed32Array addValue:207 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedFixed64Array addValue:208 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedSfixed32Array addValue:209 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedSfixed64Array addValue:210 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedFloatArray addValue:211 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedDoubleArray addValue:212 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedBoolArray addValue:(i % 2)];
+    NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 215 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedStringArray addObject:string];
+    [string release];
+
+    NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithUint32_gpbtu:216 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedBytesArray addObject:data];
+    [data release];
+
+    TestAllTypes_RepeatedGroup *testAll =
+        [[TestAllTypes_RepeatedGroup alloc] init];
+    [testAll setA:217 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedGroupArray addObject:testAll];
+    [testAll release];
+
+    nestedMessage = [[TestAllTypes_NestedMessage alloc] init];
+    [nestedMessage setBb:218 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedNestedMessageArray addObject:nestedMessage];
+    [nestedMessage release];
+
+    foreignMessage = [[ForeignMessage alloc] init];
+    [foreignMessage setC:219 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedForeignMessageArray addObject:foreignMessage];
+    [foreignMessage release];
+
+    importMessage = [[ImportMessage alloc] init];
+    [importMessage setD:220 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedImportMessageArray addObject:importMessage];
+    [importMessage release];
+
+    [message.repeatedNestedEnumArray addValue:(i % 2) ? TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Bar : TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz];
+
+    [message.repeatedForeignEnumArray addValue:(i % 2) ? ForeignEnum_ForeignBar : ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz];
+    [message.repeatedImportEnumArray addValue:(i % 2) ? ImportEnum_ImportBar : ImportEnum_ImportBaz];
+
+    string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 224 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedStringPieceArray addObject:string];
+    [string release];
+
+    string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 225 + i * 100];
+    [message.repeatedCordArray addObject:string];
+    [string release];
+  }
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  message.defaultInt32 = 401;
+  message.defaultInt64 = 402;
+  message.defaultUint32 = 403;
+  message.defaultUint64 = 404;
+  message.defaultSint32 = 405;
+  message.defaultSint64 = 406;
+  message.defaultFixed32 = 407;
+  message.defaultFixed64 = 408;
+  message.defaultSfixed32 = 409;
+  message.defaultSfixed64 = 410;
+  message.defaultFloat = 411;
+  message.defaultDouble = 412;
+  message.defaultBool = NO;
+  message.defaultString = @"415";
+  message.defaultBytes = [NSData gpbtu_dataWithUint32:416];
+
+  message.defaultNestedEnum = TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo;
+  message.defaultForeignEnum = ForeignEnum_ForeignFoo;
+  message.defaultImportEnum = ImportEnum_ImportFoo;
+
+  message.defaultStringPiece = @"424";
+  message.defaultCord = @"425";
+}
+
+- (void)clearAllFields:(TestAllTypes *)message {
+  message.hasOptionalInt32 = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalInt64 = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalUint32 = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalUint64 = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalSint32 = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalSint64 = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalFixed32 = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalFixed64 = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalSfixed32 = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalSfixed64 = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalFloat = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalDouble = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalBool = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalString = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalBytes = NO;
+
+  message.hasOptionalGroup = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalNestedMessage = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalForeignMessage = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalImportMessage = NO;
+
+  message.hasOptionalNestedEnum = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalForeignEnum = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalImportEnum = NO;
+
+  message.hasOptionalStringPiece = NO;
+  message.hasOptionalCord = NO;
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  [message.repeatedInt32Array removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedInt64Array removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedUint32Array removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedUint64Array removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedSint32Array removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedSint64Array removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedFixed32Array removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedFixed64Array removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedSfixed32Array removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedSfixed64Array removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedFloatArray removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedDoubleArray removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedBoolArray removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedStringArray removeAllObjects];
+  [message.repeatedBytesArray removeAllObjects];
+
+  [message.repeatedGroupArray removeAllObjects];
+  [message.repeatedNestedMessageArray removeAllObjects];
+  [message.repeatedForeignMessageArray removeAllObjects];
+  [message.repeatedImportMessageArray removeAllObjects];
+
+  [message.repeatedNestedEnumArray removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedForeignEnumArray removeAll];
+  [message.repeatedImportEnumArray removeAll];
+
+  [message.repeatedStringPieceArray removeAllObjects];
+  [message.repeatedCordArray removeAllObjects];
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  message.hasDefaultInt32 = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultInt64 = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultUint32 = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultUint64 = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultSint32 = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultSint64 = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultFixed32 = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultFixed64 = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultSfixed32 = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultSfixed64 = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultFloat = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultDouble = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultBool = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultString = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultBytes = NO;
+
+  message.hasDefaultNestedEnum = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultForeignEnum = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultImportEnum = NO;
+
+  message.hasDefaultStringPiece = NO;
+  message.hasDefaultCord = NO;
+}
+
+- (void)setAllExtensions:(TestAllExtensions *)message
+           repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension] value:@101];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt64Extension] value:@102L];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalUint32Extension] value:@103];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalUint64Extension] value:@104L];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSint32Extension] value:@105];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSint64Extension] value:@106L];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFixed32Extension] value:@107];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFixed64Extension] value:@108L];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSfixed32Extension] value:@109];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSfixed64Extension] value:@110L];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFloatExtension] value:@111.0f];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalDoubleExtension] value:@112.0];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalBoolExtension] value:@YES];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringExtension] value:@"115"];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalBytesExtension]
+                  value:[NSData gpbtu_dataWithEmbeddedNulls]];
+
+  OptionalGroup_extension *optionalGroup = [OptionalGroup_extension message];
+  [optionalGroup setA:117];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]
+                  value:optionalGroup];
+  TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *nestedMessage =
+      [TestAllTypes_NestedMessage message];
+  [nestedMessage setBb:118];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]
+                  value:nestedMessage];
+  ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [ForeignMessage message];
+  [foreignMessage setC:119];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]
+                  value:foreignMessage];
+  ImportMessage *importMessage = [ImportMessage message];
+  [importMessage setD:120];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]
+                  value:importMessage];
+
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedEnumExtension]
+                  value:@(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz)];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignEnumExtension]
+                  value:@(ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz)];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportEnumExtension]
+                  value:@(ImportEnum_ImportBaz)];
+
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringPieceExtension]
+                  value:@"124"];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalCordExtension] value:@"125"];
+
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt32Extension]
+                    value:@(201 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt64Extension]
+                    value:@(202 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint32Extension]
+                    value:@(203 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint64Extension]
+                    value:@(204 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint32Extension]
+                    value:@(205 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint64Extension]
+                    value:@(206 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed32Extension]
+                    value:@(207 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed64Extension]
+                    value:@(208 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed32Extension]
+                    value:@(209 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed64Extension]
+                    value:@(210 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFloatExtension]
+                    value:@(211 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedDoubleExtension]
+                    value:@(212 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBoolExtension]
+                    value:@((i % 2) ? YES : NO)];
+    NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 215 + i * 100];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringExtension] value:string];
+    [string release];
+    NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithUint32_gpbtu:216 + i * 100];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBytesExtension] value:data];
+    [data release];
+
+    RepeatedGroup_extension *repeatedGroup =
+        [[RepeatedGroup_extension alloc] init];
+    [repeatedGroup setA:217 + i * 100];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedGroupExtension]
+                    value:repeatedGroup];
+    [repeatedGroup release];
+    nestedMessage = [[TestAllTypes_NestedMessage alloc] init];
+    [nestedMessage setBb:218 + i * 100];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedMessageExtension]
+                    value:nestedMessage];
+    [nestedMessage release];
+    foreignMessage = [[ForeignMessage alloc] init];
+    [foreignMessage setC:219 + i * 100];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignMessageExtension]
+                    value:foreignMessage];
+    [foreignMessage release];
+    importMessage = [[ImportMessage alloc] init];
+    [importMessage setD:220 + i * 100];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportMessageExtension]
+                    value:importMessage];
+    [importMessage release];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedEnumExtension]
+                    value:@((i % 2) ? TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Bar
+                                    : TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignEnumExtension]
+                    value:@((i % 2) ? ForeignEnum_ForeignBar
+                                    : ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz)];
+    [message
+        addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportEnumExtension]
+               value:@((i % 2) ? ImportEnum_ImportBar : ImportEnum_ImportBaz)];
+
+    string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 224 + i * 100];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringPieceExtension]
+                    value:string];
+    [string release];
+
+    string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 225 + i * 100];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedCordExtension] value:string];
+    [string release];
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultInt32Extension] value:@401];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultInt64Extension] value:@402L];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultUint32Extension] value:@403];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultUint64Extension] value:@404L];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSint32Extension] value:@405];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSint64Extension] value:@406L];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFixed32Extension] value:@407];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFixed64Extension] value:@408L];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSfixed32Extension] value:@409];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSfixed64Extension] value:@410L];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFloatExtension] value:@411.0f];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultDoubleExtension] value:@412.0];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultBoolExtension] value:@NO];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultStringExtension] value:@"415"];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultBytesExtension]
+                  value:[NSData gpbtu_dataWithUint32:416]];
+
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultNestedEnumExtension]
+                  value:@(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo)];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultForeignEnumExtension]
+                  value:@(ForeignEnum_ForeignFoo)];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultImportEnumExtension]
+                  value:@(ImportEnum_ImportFoo)];
+
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultStringPieceExtension]
+                  value:@"424"];
+  [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultCordExtension] value:@"425"];
+}
+
+- (void)setAllMapFields:(TestMap *)message numEntries:(uint32_t)count {
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    [message.mapInt32Int32 setInt32:(i + 1) forKey:100 + i * 100];
+    [message.mapInt64Int64 setInt64:(i + 1) forKey:101 + i * 100];
+    [message.mapUint32Uint32 setUInt32:(i + 1) forKey:102 + i * 100];
+    [message.mapUint64Uint64 setUInt64:(i + 1) forKey:103 + i * 100];
+    [message.mapSint32Sint32 setInt32:(i + 1) forKey:104 + i * 100];
+    [message.mapSint64Sint64 setInt64:(i + 1) forKey:105 + i * 100];
+    [message.mapFixed32Fixed32 setUInt32:(i + 1) forKey:106 + i * 100];
+    [message.mapFixed64Fixed64 setUInt64:(i + 1) forKey:107 + i * 100];
+    [message.mapSfixed32Sfixed32 setInt32:(i + 1) forKey:108 + i * 100];
+    [message.mapSfixed64Sfixed64 setInt64:(i + 1) forKey:109 + i * 100];
+    [message.mapInt32Float setFloat:(i + 1) forKey:110 + i * 100];
+    [message.mapInt32Double setDouble:(i + 1) forKey:111 + i * 100];
+    [message.mapBoolBool setBool:((i % 2) == 1) forKey:((i % 2) == 0)];
+
+    NSString *keyStr = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 112 + i * 100];
+    NSString *dataStr = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", i + 1];
+    [message.mapStringString setObject:dataStr forKey:keyStr];
+    [keyStr release];
+    [dataStr release];
+
+    NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithUint32_gpbtu:i + 1];
+    [message.mapInt32Bytes setObject:data forKey:113 + i * 100];
+    [data release];
+
+    [message.mapInt32Enum
+        setEnum:(i % 2) ? MapEnum_MapEnumBar : MapEnum_MapEnumBaz
+         forKey:114 + i * 100];
+
+    ForeignMessage *subMsg = [[ForeignMessage alloc] init];
+    subMsg.c = i + 1;
+    [message.mapInt32ForeignMessage setObject:subMsg forKey:115 + i * 100];
+    [subMsg release];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setAllTestPackedFields:(TestPackedTypes *)message {
+  // Must match -setAllTestUnpackedFields:
+  [message.packedInt32Array addValue:101];
+  [message.packedInt64Array addValue:102];
+  [message.packedUint32Array addValue:103];
+  [message.packedUint64Array addValue:104];
+  [message.packedSint32Array addValue:105];
+  [message.packedSint64Array addValue:106];
+  [message.packedFixed32Array addValue:107];
+  [message.packedFixed64Array addValue:108];
+  [message.packedSfixed32Array addValue:109];
+  [message.packedSfixed64Array addValue:110];
+  [message.packedFloatArray addValue:111.f];
+  [message.packedDoubleArray addValue:112.];
+  [message.packedBoolArray addValue:YES];
+  [message.packedEnumArray addValue:ForeignEnum_ForeignBar];
+
+  [message.packedInt32Array addValue:201];
+  [message.packedInt64Array addValue:302];
+  [message.packedUint32Array addValue:203];
+  [message.packedUint64Array addValue:204];
+  [message.packedSint32Array addValue:205];
+  [message.packedSint64Array addValue:206];
+  [message.packedFixed32Array addValue:207];
+  [message.packedFixed64Array addValue:208];
+  [message.packedSfixed32Array addValue:209];
+  [message.packedSfixed64Array addValue:210];
+  [message.packedFloatArray addValue:211.f];
+  [message.packedDoubleArray addValue:212.];
+  [message.packedBoolArray addValue:NO];
+  [message.packedEnumArray addValue:ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz];
+}
+
+- (void)setAllTestUnpackedFields:(TestUnpackedTypes *)message {
+  // Must match -setAllTestPackedFields:
+  [message.unpackedInt32Array addValue:101];
+  [message.unpackedInt64Array addValue:102];
+  [message.unpackedUint32Array addValue:103];
+  [message.unpackedUint64Array addValue:104];
+  [message.unpackedSint32Array addValue:105];
+  [message.unpackedSint64Array addValue:106];
+  [message.unpackedFixed32Array addValue:107];
+  [message.unpackedFixed64Array addValue:108];
+  [message.unpackedSfixed32Array addValue:109];
+  [message.unpackedSfixed64Array addValue:110];
+  [message.unpackedFloatArray addValue:111.f];
+  [message.unpackedDoubleArray addValue:112.];
+  [message.unpackedBoolArray addValue:YES];
+  [message.unpackedEnumArray addValue:ForeignEnum_ForeignBar];
+
+  [message.unpackedInt32Array addValue:201];
+  [message.unpackedInt64Array addValue:302];
+  [message.unpackedUint32Array addValue:203];
+  [message.unpackedUint64Array addValue:204];
+  [message.unpackedSint32Array addValue:205];
+  [message.unpackedSint64Array addValue:206];
+  [message.unpackedFixed32Array addValue:207];
+  [message.unpackedFixed64Array addValue:208];
+  [message.unpackedSfixed32Array addValue:209];
+  [message.unpackedSfixed64Array addValue:210];
+  [message.unpackedFloatArray addValue:211.f];
+  [message.unpackedDoubleArray addValue:212.];
+  [message.unpackedBoolArray addValue:NO];
+  [message.unpackedEnumArray addValue:ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz];
+}
+
+- (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry {
+  return [UnittestRoot extensionRegistry];
+}
+
+- (TestAllTypes *)allSetRepeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+  [self setAllFields:message repeatedCount:count];
+  return message;
+}
+
+- (TestAllExtensions *)allExtensionsSetRepeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+  [self setAllExtensions:message repeatedCount:count];
+  return message;
+}
+
+- (TestPackedTypes *)packedSetRepeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  TestPackedTypes *message = [TestPackedTypes message];
+  [self setPackedFields:message repeatedCount:count];
+  return message;
+}
+
+- (TestPackedExtensions *)packedExtensionsSetRepeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  TestPackedExtensions *message = [TestPackedExtensions message];
+  [self setPackedExtensions:message repeatedCount:count];
+  return message;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+- (void)assertClear:(TestAllTypes *)message {
+  // hasBlah() should initially be NO for all optional fields.
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalInt32);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalInt64);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalUint32);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalUint64);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalSint32);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalSint64);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalFixed32);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalFixed64);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalSfixed32);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalSfixed64);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalFloat);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalDouble);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalBool);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalString);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalBytes);
+
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalImportMessage);
+
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalNestedEnum);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalForeignEnum);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalImportEnum);
+
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalStringPiece);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalCord);
+
+  // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+  XCTAssertEqual(0, message.optionalInt32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0LL, message.optionalInt64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.optionalUint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0ULL, message.optionalUint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0, message.optionalSint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0LL, message.optionalSint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.optionalFixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0ULL, message.optionalFixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0, message.optionalSfixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0LL, message.optionalSfixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0.0f, message.optionalFloat);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0.0, message.optionalDouble);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.optionalBool);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalString, @"");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalBytes, GPBEmptyNSData());
+
+  // Embedded messages should also be clear.
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasOptionalImportMessage);
+
+  // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+  XCTAssertEqual(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo, message.optionalNestedEnum);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ForeignEnum_ForeignFoo, message.optionalForeignEnum);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ImportEnum_ImportFoo, message.optionalImportEnum);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalStringPiece, @"");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalCord, @"");
+
+  // Repeated fields are empty.
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedInt32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedInt64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedUint32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedUint64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedSint32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedSint64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedFixed32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedFixed64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedSfixed32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedSfixed64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedFloatArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedDoubleArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedBoolArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedStringArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedBytesArray.count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedGroupArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedNestedMessageArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedForeignMessageArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedImportMessageArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedNestedEnumArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedForeignEnumArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedImportEnumArray.count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedStringPieceArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedCordArray.count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedInt32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedInt64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedUint32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedUint64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedSint32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedSint64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedFixed32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedFixed64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedSfixed32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedSfixed64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedFloatArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedDoubleArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedBoolArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedStringArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedBytesArray_Count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedGroupArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedNestedMessageArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedForeignMessageArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedImportMessageArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedNestedEnumArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedForeignEnumArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedImportEnumArray_Count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedStringPieceArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, message.repeatedCordArray_Count);
+
+  // hasBlah() should also be NO for all default fields.
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultInt32);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultInt64);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultUint32);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultUint64);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultSint32);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultSint64);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultFixed32);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultFixed64);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultSfixed32);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultSfixed64);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultFloat);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultDouble);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultBool);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultString);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultBytes);
+
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultNestedEnum);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultForeignEnum);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultImportEnum);
+
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultStringPiece);
+  XCTAssertFalse(message.hasDefaultCord);
+
+  // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+  XCTAssertEqual(41, message.defaultInt32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(42LL, message.defaultInt64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(43U, message.defaultUint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(44ULL, message.defaultUint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(-45, message.defaultSint32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(46LL, message.defaultSint64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(47U, message.defaultFixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(48ULL, message.defaultFixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqual(49, message.defaultSfixed32);
+  XCTAssertEqual(-50LL, message.defaultSfixed64);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(51.5f, message.defaultFloat, 0.1);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(52e3, message.defaultDouble, 0.1);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message.defaultBool);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"hello", message.defaultString);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([NSData gpbtu_dataWithCString:"world"],
+                        message.defaultBytes);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Bar, message.defaultNestedEnum);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ForeignEnum_ForeignBar, message.defaultForeignEnum);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ImportEnum_ImportBar, message.defaultImportEnum);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"abc", message.defaultStringPiece);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"123", message.defaultCord);
+}
+
+- (void)assertExtensionsClear:(TestAllExtensions *)message {
+  // hasBlah() should initially be NO for all optional fields.
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalUint32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalUint64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSint32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSint64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFixed32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFixed64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSfixed32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSfixed64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFloatExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalDoubleExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalBoolExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalBytesExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedEnumExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignEnumExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportEnumExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringPieceExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalCordExtension]]);
+
+  // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+  XCTAssertEqual(0, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0LL,[[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt64Extension]] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalUint32Extension]] unsignedIntValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0ULL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalUint64Extension]] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSint32Extension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSint64Extension]] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFixed32Extension]] unsignedIntValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0ULL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFixed64Extension]] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSfixed32Extension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalSfixed64Extension]] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(0.0f, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalFloatExtension]] floatValue], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(0.0, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalDoubleExtension]] doubleValue], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertFalse([[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalBoolExtension]] boolValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(GPBEmptyNSData(), [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalBytesExtension]]);
+
+  // Embedded messages should also be clear.
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]] hasA]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]] hasBb]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]] hasC]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]] hasD]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(0, [(TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup*)[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]] a]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0, [(TestAllTypes_NestedMessage*)[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]] bb]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignMessageExtension]] c]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportMessageExtension]] d]);
+
+  // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+  XCTAssertEqual(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo,
+               [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedEnumExtension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ForeignEnum_ForeignFoo,
+               [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalForeignEnumExtension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ImportEnum_ImportFoo,
+               [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalImportEnumExtension]] intValue]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalStringPieceExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalCordExtension]]);
+
+  // Repeated fields are empty.
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedInt64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedUint64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSint64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFixed64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedSfixed64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedFloatExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedDoubleExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBoolExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedBytesExtension]] count]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedGroupExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedMessageExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignMessageExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportMessageExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedEnumExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedForeignEnumExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedImportEnumExtension]] count]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedStringPieceExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedCordExtension]] count]);
+
+  // hasBlah() should also be NO for all default fields.
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultInt32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultInt64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultUint32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultUint64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSint32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSint64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFixed32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFixed64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSfixed32Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSfixed64Extension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFloatExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultDoubleExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultBoolExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultStringExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultBytesExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultNestedEnumExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultForeignEnumExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultImportEnumExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultStringPieceExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultCordExtension]]);
+
+  // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+  XCTAssertEqual( 41, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultInt32Extension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual( 42LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultInt64Extension]] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual( 43U, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultUint32Extension]] unsignedIntValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual( 44ULL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultUint64Extension]] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(-45, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSint32Extension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual( 46LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSint64Extension]] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual( 47, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFixed32Extension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual( 48ULL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFixed64Extension]] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual( 49, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSfixed32Extension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(-50LL, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultSfixed64Extension]] longLongValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy( 51.5f, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultFloatExtension]] floatValue], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy( 52e3, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultDoubleExtension]] doubleValue], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertTrue([[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultBoolExtension]] boolValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"hello", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultStringExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([NSData gpbtu_dataWithCString:"world"], [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultBytesExtension]]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Bar,
+               [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultNestedEnumExtension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ForeignEnum_ForeignBar,
+               [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultForeignEnumExtension]] intValue]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ImportEnum_ImportBar,
+               [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultImportEnumExtension]] intValue]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"abc", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultStringPieceExtension]]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"123", [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot defaultCordExtension]]);
+}
+
+- (void)modifyRepeatedFields:(TestAllTypes *)message {
+  [message.repeatedInt32Array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:501];
+  [message.repeatedInt64Array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:502];
+  [message.repeatedUint32Array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:503];
+  [message.repeatedUint64Array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:504];
+  [message.repeatedSint32Array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:505];
+  [message.repeatedSint64Array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:506];
+  [message.repeatedFixed32Array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:507];
+  [message.repeatedFixed64Array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:508];
+  [message.repeatedSfixed32Array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:509];
+  [message.repeatedSfixed64Array replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:510];
+  [message.repeatedFloatArray replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:511];
+  [message.repeatedDoubleArray replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:512];
+  [message.repeatedBoolArray replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:YES];
+  [message.repeatedStringArray replaceObjectAtIndex:1 withObject:@"515"];
+
+  NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithUint32_gpbtu:516];
+  [message.repeatedBytesArray replaceObjectAtIndex:1 withObject:data];
+  [data release];
+
+  TestAllTypes_RepeatedGroup *testAll =
+      [[TestAllTypes_RepeatedGroup alloc] init];
+  [testAll setA:517];
+  [message.repeatedGroupArray replaceObjectAtIndex:1 withObject:testAll];
+  [testAll release];
+
+  TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *nestedMessage =
+      [[TestAllTypes_NestedMessage alloc] init];
+  [nestedMessage setBb:518];
+  [message.repeatedNestedMessageArray replaceObjectAtIndex:1
+                                                withObject:nestedMessage];
+  [nestedMessage release];
+
+  ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [[ForeignMessage alloc] init];
+  [foreignMessage setC:519];
+  [message.repeatedForeignMessageArray replaceObjectAtIndex:1
+                                                 withObject:foreignMessage];
+  [foreignMessage release];
+
+  ImportMessage *importMessage = [[ImportMessage alloc] init];
+  [importMessage setD:520];
+  [message.repeatedImportMessageArray replaceObjectAtIndex:1
+                                                withObject:importMessage];
+  [importMessage release];
+
+  [message.repeatedNestedEnumArray replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo];
+  [message.repeatedForeignEnumArray replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:ForeignEnum_ForeignFoo];
+  [message.repeatedImportEnumArray replaceValueAtIndex:1 withValue:ImportEnum_ImportFoo];
+
+  [message.repeatedStringPieceArray replaceObjectAtIndex:1 withObject:@"524"];
+  [message.repeatedCordArray replaceObjectAtIndex:1 withObject:@"525"];
+}
+
+- (void)assertRepeatedFieldsModified:(TestAllTypes *)message
+                       repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
+  // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
+  // element and size were *not* modified.
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedInt32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedInt64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedUint32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedUint64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSint32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSint64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedFixed32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedFixed64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSfixed32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSfixed64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedFloatArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedDoubleArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedBoolArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedStringArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedBytesArray.count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedGroupArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedNestedMessageArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedForeignMessageArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedImportMessageArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedNestedEnumArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedForeignEnumArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedImportEnumArray.count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedStringPieceArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedCordArray.count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedInt32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedInt64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedUint32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedUint64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSint32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSint64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedFixed32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedFixed64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSfixed32Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedSfixed64Array_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedFloatArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedDoubleArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedBoolArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedStringArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedBytesArray_Count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedGroupArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedNestedMessageArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedForeignMessageArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedImportMessageArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedNestedEnumArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedForeignEnumArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedImportEnumArray_Count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedStringPieceArray_Count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.repeatedCordArray_Count);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(201, [message.repeatedInt32Array valueAtIndex:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(202LL, [message.repeatedInt64Array valueAtIndex:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(203U, [message.repeatedUint32Array valueAtIndex:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(204ULL, [message.repeatedUint64Array valueAtIndex:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(205, [message.repeatedSint32Array valueAtIndex:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(206LL, [message.repeatedSint64Array valueAtIndex:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(207U, [message.repeatedFixed32Array valueAtIndex:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(208ULL, [message.repeatedFixed64Array valueAtIndex:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(209, [message.repeatedSfixed32Array valueAtIndex:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(210LL, [message.repeatedSfixed64Array valueAtIndex:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(211.0f, [message.repeatedFloatArray valueAtIndex:0], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(212.0, [message.repeatedDoubleArray valueAtIndex:0], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertFalse([message.repeatedBoolArray valueAtIndex:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"215", message.repeatedStringArray[0]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([NSData gpbtu_dataWithUint32:216],
+                        message.repeatedBytesArray[0]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(217, ((TestAllTypes_RepeatedGroup*)message.repeatedGroupArray[0]).a);
+  XCTAssertEqual(218, ((TestAllTypes_NestedMessage*)message.repeatedNestedMessageArray[0]).bb);
+  XCTAssertEqual(219, ((ForeignMessage*)message.repeatedForeignMessageArray[0]).c);
+  XCTAssertEqual(220, ((ImportMessage*)message.repeatedImportMessageArray[0]).d);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz, [message.repeatedNestedEnumArray valueAtIndex:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz, [message.repeatedForeignEnumArray valueAtIndex:0]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ImportEnum_ImportBaz, [message.repeatedImportEnumArray valueAtIndex:0]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"224", message.repeatedStringPieceArray[0]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"225", message.repeatedCordArray[0]);
+
+  // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+  XCTAssertEqual(501, [message.repeatedInt32Array valueAtIndex:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(502LL, [message.repeatedInt64Array valueAtIndex:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(503U, [message.repeatedUint32Array valueAtIndex:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(504ULL, [message.repeatedUint64Array valueAtIndex:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(505, [message.repeatedSint32Array valueAtIndex:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(506LL, [message.repeatedSint64Array valueAtIndex:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(507U, [message.repeatedFixed32Array valueAtIndex:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(508ULL, [message.repeatedFixed64Array valueAtIndex:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(509, [message.repeatedSfixed32Array valueAtIndex:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(510LL, [message.repeatedSfixed64Array valueAtIndex:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(511.0f, [message.repeatedFloatArray valueAtIndex:1], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(512.0, [message.repeatedDoubleArray valueAtIndex:1], 0.01);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message.repeatedBoolArray valueAtIndex:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"515", message.repeatedStringArray[1]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([NSData gpbtu_dataWithUint32:516],
+                        message.repeatedBytesArray[1]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(517, ((TestAllTypes_RepeatedGroup*)message.repeatedGroupArray[1]).a);
+  XCTAssertEqual(518, ((TestAllTypes_NestedMessage*)message.repeatedNestedMessageArray[1]).bb);
+  XCTAssertEqual(519, ((ForeignMessage*)message.repeatedForeignMessageArray[1]).c);
+  XCTAssertEqual(520, ((ImportMessage*)message.repeatedImportMessageArray[1]).d);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo, [message.repeatedNestedEnumArray valueAtIndex:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ForeignEnum_ForeignFoo, [message.repeatedForeignEnumArray valueAtIndex:1]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(ImportEnum_ImportFoo, [message.repeatedImportEnumArray valueAtIndex:1]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"524", message.repeatedStringPieceArray[1]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@"525", message.repeatedCordArray[1]);
+}
+
+- (void)setPackedFields:(TestPackedTypes *)message
+          repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  // Must match -setUnpackedFields:repeatedCount:
+  // Must match -setPackedExtensions:repeatedCount:
+  // Must match -setUnpackedExtensions:repeatedCount:
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.packedInt32Array addValue:601 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.packedInt64Array addValue:602 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.packedUint32Array addValue:603 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.packedUint64Array addValue:604 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.packedSint32Array addValue:605 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.packedSint64Array addValue:606 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.packedFixed32Array addValue:607 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.packedFixed64Array addValue:608 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.packedSfixed32Array addValue:609 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.packedSfixed64Array addValue:610 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.packedFloatArray addValue:611 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.packedDoubleArray addValue:612 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.packedBoolArray addValue:(i % 2) ? YES : NO];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.packedEnumArray
+        addValue:(i % 2) ? ForeignEnum_ForeignBar : ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setUnpackedFields:(TestUnpackedTypes *)message
+            repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  // Must match -setPackedFields:repeatedCount:
+  // Must match -setPackedExtensions:repeatedCount:
+  // Must match -setUnpackedExtensions:repeatedCount:
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.unpackedInt32Array addValue:601 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.unpackedInt64Array addValue:602 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.unpackedUint32Array addValue:603 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.unpackedUint64Array addValue:604 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.unpackedSint32Array addValue:605 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.unpackedSint64Array addValue:606 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.unpackedFixed32Array addValue:607 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.unpackedFixed64Array addValue:608 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.unpackedSfixed32Array addValue:609 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.unpackedSfixed64Array addValue:610 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.unpackedFloatArray addValue:611 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.unpackedDoubleArray addValue:612 + i * 100];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.unpackedBoolArray addValue:(i % 2) ? YES : NO];
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    [message.unpackedEnumArray
+        addValue:(i % 2) ? ForeignEnum_ForeignBar : ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)assertPackedFieldsSet:(TestPackedTypes *)message
+                repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.packedInt32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.packedInt64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.packedUint32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.packedUint64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.packedSint32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.packedSint64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.packedFixed32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.packedFixed64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.packedSfixed32Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.packedSfixed64Array.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.packedFloatArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.packedDoubleArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.packedBoolArray.count);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, message.packedEnumArray.count);
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(601 + i * 100),
+                   [message.packedInt32Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(602 + i * 100, [message.packedInt64Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(603 + i * 100, [message.packedUint32Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(604 + i * 100, [message.packedUint64Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(605 + i * 100),
+                   [message.packedSint32Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(606 + i * 100, [message.packedSint64Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(607 + i * 100, [message.packedFixed32Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(608 + i * 100, [message.packedFixed64Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(609 + i * 100),
+                   [message.packedSfixed32Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual(610 + i * 100, [message.packedSfixed64Array valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(611 + i * 100,
+                               [message.packedFloatArray valueAtIndex:i], 0.01);
+    XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(
+        612 + i * 100, [message.packedDoubleArray valueAtIndex:i], 0.01);
+    XCTAssertEqual((i % 2) ? YES : NO,
+                   [message.packedBoolArray valueAtIndex:i]);
+    XCTAssertEqual((i % 2) ? ForeignEnum_ForeignBar : ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz,
+                   [message.packedEnumArray valueAtIndex:i]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setPackedExtensions:(TestPackedExtensions *)message
+              repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  // Must match -setPackedFields:repeatedCount:
+  // Must match -setUnpackedFields:repeatedCount:
+  // Must match -setUnpackedExtensions:repeatedCount:
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedInt32Extension]
+                    value:@(601 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedInt64Extension]
+                    value:@(602 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedUint32Extension]
+                    value:@(603 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedUint64Extension]
+                    value:@(604 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedSint32Extension]
+                    value:@(605 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedSint64Extension]
+                    value:@(606 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedFixed32Extension]
+                    value:@(607 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedFixed64Extension]
+                    value:@(608 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedSfixed32Extension]
+                    value:@(609 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedSfixed64Extension]
+                    value:@(610 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedFloatExtension]
+                    value:@(611 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedDoubleExtension]
+                    value:@(612 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedBoolExtension]
+                    value:@((i % 2) ? YES : NO)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot packedEnumExtension]
+                    value:@((i % 2) ? ForeignEnum_ForeignBar
+                                    : ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)setUnpackedExtensions:(TestUnpackedExtensions *)message
+                repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  // Must match -setPackedFields:repeatedCount:
+  // Must match -setUnpackedFields:repeatedCount:
+  // Must match -setPackedExtensions:repeatedCount:
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot unpackedInt32Extension]
+                    value:@(601 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot unpackedInt64Extension]
+                    value:@(602 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot unpackedUint32Extension]
+                    value:@(603 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot unpackedUint64Extension]
+                    value:@(604 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot unpackedSint32Extension]
+                    value:@(605 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot unpackedSint64Extension]
+                    value:@(606 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot unpackedFixed32Extension]
+                    value:@(607 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot unpackedFixed64Extension]
+                    value:@(608 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot unpackedSfixed32Extension]
+                    value:@(609 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot unpackedSfixed64Extension]
+                    value:@(610 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot unpackedFloatExtension]
+                    value:@(611 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot unpackedDoubleExtension]
+                    value:@(612 + i * 100)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot unpackedBoolExtension]
+                    value:@((i % 2) ? YES : NO)];
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot unpackedEnumExtension]
+                    value:@((i % 2) ? ForeignEnum_ForeignBar
+                         : ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz)];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)assertPackedExtensionsSet:(TestPackedExtensions *)message
+                    repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count{
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedInt32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedInt64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedUint32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedUint64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedSint32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedSint64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedFixed32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedFixed64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedSfixed32Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedSfixed64Extension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedFloatExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedDoubleExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedBoolExtension]] count]);
+  XCTAssertEqual(count, [[message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedEnumExtension]] count]);
+
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    id extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedInt32Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(601 + i * 100), [extension[i] intValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedInt64Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(602 + i * 100, [extension[i] longLongValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedUint32Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(603 + i * 100, [extension[i] unsignedIntValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedUint64Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(604 + i * 100, [extension[i] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedSint32Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(605 + i * 100), [extension[i] intValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedSint64Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(606 + i * 100, [extension[i] longLongValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedFixed32Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(607 + i * 100, [extension[i] unsignedIntValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedFixed64Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(608 + i * 100, [extension[i] unsignedLongLongValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedSfixed32Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((int)(609 + i * 100), [extension[i] intValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedSfixed64Extension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(610 + i * 100, [extension[i] longLongValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedFloatExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(611 + i * 100, [extension[i] floatValue], 0.01);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedDoubleExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(612 + i * 100, [extension[i] doubleValue], 0.01);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedBoolExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((i % 2) ? YES : NO, [extension[i] boolValue]);
+    extension = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot packedEnumExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual((i % 2) ? ForeignEnum_ForeignBar : ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz,
+                   [extension[i] intValue]);
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)assertAllFieldsKVCMatch:(TestAllTypes *)message {
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalInt32"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalInt32), [message valueForKey:@"optionalInt32"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalInt64"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalInt64), [message valueForKey:@"optionalInt64"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalUint32"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalUint32), [message valueForKey:@"optionalUint32"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalUint64"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalUint64), [message valueForKey:@"optionalUint64"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalSint32"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalSint32), [message valueForKey:@"optionalSint32"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalSint64"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalSint64), [message valueForKey:@"optionalSint64"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalFixed32"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalFixed32), [message valueForKey:@"optionalFixed32"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalFixed64"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalFixed64), [message valueForKey:@"optionalFixed64"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalSfixed32"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalSfixed32), [message valueForKey:@"optionalSfixed32"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalSfixed64"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalSfixed64), [message valueForKey:@"optionalSfixed64"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalFloat"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalFloat), [message valueForKey:@"optionalFloat"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalDouble"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalDouble), [message valueForKey:@"optionalDouble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalBool"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalBool), [message valueForKey:@"optionalBool"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalString"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalString, [message valueForKey:@"optionalString"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalBytes"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalBytes, [message valueForKey:@"optionalBytes"]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalGroup"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.optionalGroup);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalGroup.hasA"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalGroup.a), [message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalGroup.a"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalNestedMessage"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.optionalNestedMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalNestedMessage.hasBb"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalNestedMessage.bb), [message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalNestedMessage.bb"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalForeignMessage"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.optionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalForeignMessage.hasC"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalForeignMessage.c), [message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalForeignMessage.c"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalImportMessage"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.optionalForeignMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalImportMessage.hasD"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalImportMessage.d), [message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalImportMessage.d"]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalNestedEnum"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalNestedEnum), [message valueForKey:@"optionalNestedEnum"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalForeignEnum"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalForeignEnum), [message valueForKey:@"optionalForeignEnum"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalImportEnum"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.optionalImportEnum), [message valueForKey:@"optionalImportEnum"]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalStringPiece"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalStringPiece, [message valueForKey:@"optionalStringPiece"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalCord"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.optionalCord, [message valueForKey:@"optionalCord"]);
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // GPBArray interface for repeated
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedInt32Array, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedInt32Array"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedInt64Array, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedInt64Array"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedUint32Array, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedUint32Array"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedUint64Array, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedUint64Array"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedSint32Array, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedSint32Array"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedSint64Array, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedSint64Array"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedFixed32Array, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedFixed32Array"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedFixed64Array, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedFixed64Array"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedSfixed32Array, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedSfixed32Array"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedSfixed64Array, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedSfixed64Array"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedFloatArray, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedFloatArray"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedDoubleArray, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedDoubleArray"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedBoolArray, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedBoolArray"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedStringArray, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedStringArray"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedBytesArray, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedBytesArray"]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedGroupArray, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedGroupArray"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedNestedMessageArray, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedNestedMessageArray"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedForeignMessageArray, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedForeignMessageArray"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedImportMessageArray, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedImportMessageArray"]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedNestedEnumArray, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedNestedEnumArray"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedForeignEnumArray, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedForeignEnumArray"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedImportEnumArray, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedImportEnumArray"]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedStringPieceArray, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedStringPieceArray"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.repeatedCordArray, [message valueForKey:@"repeatedCordArray"]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedInt32Array_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedInt32Array_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedInt64Array_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedInt64Array_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedUint32Array_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedUint32Array_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedUint64Array_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedUint64Array_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedSint32Array_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedSint32Array_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedSint64Array_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedSint64Array_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedFixed32Array_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedFixed32Array_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedFixed64Array_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedFixed64Array_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedSfixed32Array_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedSfixed32Array_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedSfixed64Array_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedSfixed64Array_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedFloatArray_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedFloatArray_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedDoubleArray_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedDoubleArray_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedBoolArray_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedBoolArray_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedStringArray_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedStringArray_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedBytesArray_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedBytesArray_Count"]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedGroupArray_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedGroupArray_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedNestedMessageArray_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedNestedMessageArray_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedForeignMessageArray_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedForeignMessageArray_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedImportMessageArray_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedImportMessageArray_Count"]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedNestedEnumArray_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedNestedEnumArray_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedForeignEnumArray_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedForeignEnumArray_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedImportEnumArray_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedImportEnumArray_Count"]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedStringPieceArray_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedStringPieceArray_Count"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.repeatedCordArray_Count), [message valueForKey:@"repeatedCordArray_Count"]);
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultInt32"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultInt32), [message valueForKey:@"defaultInt32"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultInt64"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultInt64), [message valueForKey:@"defaultInt64"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultUint32"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultUint32), [message valueForKey:@"defaultUint32"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultUint64"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultUint64), [message valueForKey:@"defaultUint64"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultSint32"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultSint32), [message valueForKey:@"defaultSint32"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultSint64"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultSint64), [message valueForKey:@"defaultSint64"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultFixed32"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultFixed32), [message valueForKey:@"defaultFixed32"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultFixed64"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultFixed64), [message valueForKey:@"defaultFixed64"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultSfixed32"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultSfixed32), [message valueForKey:@"defaultSfixed32"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultSfixed64"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultSfixed64), [message valueForKey:@"defaultSfixed64"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultFloat"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultFloat), [message valueForKey:@"defaultFloat"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultDouble"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultDouble), [message valueForKey:@"defaultDouble"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultBool"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultBool), [message valueForKey:@"defaultBool"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultString"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.defaultString, [message valueForKey:@"defaultString"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultBytes"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.defaultBytes, [message valueForKey:@"defaultBytes"]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultNestedEnum"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultNestedEnum), [message valueForKey:@"defaultNestedEnum"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultForeignEnum"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultForeignEnum), [message valueForKey:@"defaultForeignEnum"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultImportEnum"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(@(message.defaultImportEnum), [message valueForKey:@"defaultImportEnum"]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultStringPiece"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.defaultStringPiece, [message valueForKey:@"defaultStringPiece"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultCord"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message.defaultCord, [message valueForKey:@"defaultCord"]);
+}
+
+- (void)setAllFieldsViaKVC:(TestAllTypes *)message
+             repeatedCount:(uint32_t)count {
+  [message setValue:@101 forKey:@"optionalInt32"];
+  [message setValue:@102 forKey:@"optionalInt64"];
+  [message setValue:@103 forKey:@"optionalUint32"];
+  [message setValue:@104 forKey:@"optionalUint64"];
+  [message setValue:@105 forKey:@"optionalSint32"];
+  [message setValue:@106 forKey:@"optionalSint64"];
+  [message setValue:@107 forKey:@"optionalFixed32"];
+  [message setValue:@108 forKey:@"optionalFixed64"];
+  [message setValue:@109 forKey:@"optionalSfixed32"];
+  [message setValue:@110 forKey:@"optionalSfixed64"];
+  [message setValue:@111 forKey:@"optionalFloat"];
+  [message setValue:@112 forKey:@"optionalDouble"];
+  [message setValue:@YES forKey:@"optionalBool"];
+  [message setValue:@"115" forKey:@"optionalString"];
+  [message setValue:[NSData gpbtu_dataWithEmbeddedNulls]
+             forKey:@"optionalBytes"];
+
+  TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup *allTypes = [TestAllTypes_OptionalGroup message];
+  [allTypes setValue:@117 forKey:@"a"];
+  [message setValue:allTypes forKey:@"optionalGroup"];
+  TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *nestedMessage =
+      [TestAllTypes_NestedMessage message];
+  [nestedMessage setValue:@118 forKey:@"bb"];
+  [message setValue:nestedMessage forKey:@"optionalNestedMessage"];
+  ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [ForeignMessage message];
+  [foreignMessage setValue:@119 forKey:@"c"];
+  [message setValue:foreignMessage forKey:@"optionalForeignMessage"];
+  ImportMessage *importMessage = [ImportMessage message];
+  [importMessage setValue:@120 forKey:@"d"];
+  [message setValue:importMessage forKey:@"optionalImportMessage"];
+
+  [message setValue:@(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz)
+             forKey:@"optionalNestedEnum"];
+  [message setValue:@(ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz) forKey:@"optionalForeignEnum"];
+  [message setValue:@(ImportEnum_ImportBaz) forKey:@"optionalImportEnum"];
+
+  [message setValue:@"124" forKey:@"optionalStringPiece"];
+  [message setValue:@"125" forKey:@"optionalCord"];
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  {
+    GPBInt32Array *scratch = [GPBInt32Array array];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:201 + i * 100];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedInt32Array"];
+  }
+  {
+    GPBInt64Array *scratch = [GPBInt64Array array];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:202 + i * 100];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedInt64Array"];
+  }
+  {
+    GPBUInt32Array *scratch = [GPBUInt32Array array];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:203 + i * 100];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedUint32Array"];
+  }
+  {
+    GPBUInt64Array *scratch = [GPBUInt64Array array];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:204 + i * 100];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedUint64Array"];
+  }
+  {
+    GPBInt32Array *scratch = [GPBInt32Array array];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:205 + i * 100];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedSint32Array"];
+  }
+  {
+    GPBInt64Array *scratch = [GPBInt64Array array];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:206 + i * 100];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedSint64Array"];
+  }
+  {
+    GPBUInt32Array *scratch = [GPBUInt32Array array];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:207 + i * 100];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedFixed32Array"];
+  }
+  {
+    GPBUInt64Array *scratch = [GPBUInt64Array array];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:208 + i * 100];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedFixed64Array"];
+  }
+  {
+    GPBInt32Array *scratch = [GPBInt32Array array];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:209 + i * 100];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedSfixed32Array"];
+  }
+  {
+    GPBInt64Array *scratch = [GPBInt64Array array];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:210 + i * 100];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedSfixed64Array"];
+  }
+  {
+    GPBFloatArray *scratch = [GPBFloatArray array];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:211 + i * 100];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedFloatArray"];
+  }
+  {
+    GPBDoubleArray *scratch = [GPBDoubleArray array];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:212 + i * 100];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedDoubleArray"];
+  }
+  {
+    GPBBoolArray *scratch = [GPBBoolArray array];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:(i % 2) ? YES : NO];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedBoolArray"];
+  }
+
+  NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:count];
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 215 + i * 100];
+    [array addObject:string];
+    [string release];
+  }
+  [message setValue:array forKey:@"repeatedStringArray"];
+  [array release];
+
+  array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:count];
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithUint32_gpbtu:216 + i * 100];
+    [array addObject:data];
+    [data release];
+  }
+  [message setValue:array forKey:@"repeatedBytesArray"];
+  [array release];
+
+  array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:count];
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    TestAllTypes_RepeatedGroup *testAll =
+        [[TestAllTypes_RepeatedGroup alloc] init];
+    [testAll setA:217 + i * 100];
+    [array addObject:testAll];
+    [testAll release];
+  }
+  [message setValue:array forKey:@"repeatedGroupArray"];
+  [array release];
+
+  array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:count];
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    nestedMessage = [[TestAllTypes_NestedMessage alloc] init];
+    [nestedMessage setBb:218 + i * 100];
+    [array addObject:nestedMessage];
+    [nestedMessage release];
+  }
+  [message setValue:array forKey:@"repeatedNestedMessageArray"];
+  [array release];
+
+  array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:count];
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    foreignMessage = [[ForeignMessage alloc] init];
+    [foreignMessage setC:219 + i * 100];
+    [array addObject:foreignMessage];
+    [foreignMessage release];
+  }
+  [message setValue:array forKey:@"repeatedForeignMessageArray"];
+  [array release];
+
+  array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:count];
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    importMessage = [[ImportMessage alloc] init];
+    [importMessage setD:220 + i * 100];
+    [array addObject:importMessage];
+    [importMessage release];
+  }
+  [message setValue:array forKey:@"repeatedImportMessageArray"];
+  [array release];
+
+  {
+    GPBEnumArray *scratch = [GPBEnumArray
+        arrayWithValidationFunction:TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_IsValidValue];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:(i % 2) ? TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Bar
+                                : TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Baz];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedNestedEnumArray"];
+  }
+  {
+    GPBEnumArray *scratch =
+        [GPBEnumArray arrayWithValidationFunction:ForeignEnum_IsValidValue];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch
+          addValue:(i % 2) ? ForeignEnum_ForeignBar : ForeignEnum_ForeignBaz];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedForeignEnumArray"];
+  }
+  {
+    GPBEnumArray *scratch =
+        [GPBEnumArray arrayWithValidationFunction:ImportEnum_IsValidValue];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      [scratch addValue:(i % 2) ? ImportEnum_ImportBar : ImportEnum_ImportBaz];
+    }
+    [message setValue:scratch forKey:@"repeatedImportEnumArray"];
+  }
+
+  array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:count];
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 224 + i * 100];
+    [array addObject:string];
+    [string release];
+  }
+  [message setValue:array forKey:@"repeatedStringPieceArray"];
+  [array release];
+
+  array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:count];
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d", 225 + i * 100];
+    [array addObject:string];
+    [string release];
+  }
+  [message setValue:array forKey:@"repeatedCordArray"];
+  [array release];
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  [message setValue:@401 forKey:@"defaultInt32"];
+  [message setValue:@402 forKey:@"defaultInt64"];
+  [message setValue:@403 forKey:@"defaultUint32"];
+  [message setValue:@404 forKey:@"defaultUint64"];
+  [message setValue:@405 forKey:@"defaultSint32"];
+  [message setValue:@406 forKey:@"defaultSint64"];
+  [message setValue:@407 forKey:@"defaultFixed32"];
+  [message setValue:@408 forKey:@"defaultFixed64"];
+  [message setValue:@409 forKey:@"defaultSfixed32"];
+  [message setValue:@410 forKey:@"defaultSfixed64"];
+  [message setValue:@411 forKey:@"defaultFloat"];
+  [message setValue:@412 forKey:@"defaultDouble"];
+  [message setValue:@NO forKey:@"defaultBool"];
+  [message setValue:@"415" forKey:@"defaultString"];
+  [message setValue:[NSData gpbtu_dataWithUint32:416] forKey:@"defaultBytes"];
+
+  [message setValue:@(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo) forKey:@"defaultNestedEnum"];
+  [message setValue:@(ForeignEnum_ForeignFoo) forKey:@"defaultForeignEnum"];
+  [message setValue:@(ImportEnum_ImportFoo) forKey:@"defaultImportEnum"];
+
+  [message setValue:@"424" forKey:@"defaultStringPiece"];
+  [message setValue:@"425" forKey:@"defaultCord"];
+}
+
+- (void)assertClearKVC:(TestAllTypes *)message {
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalInt32"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalInt64"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalUint32"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalUint64"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalSint32"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalSint64"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalFixed32"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalFixed64"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalSfixed32"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalSfixed64"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalFloat"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalDouble"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalBool"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalString"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalBytes"], @NO);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalGroup"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalNestedMessage"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalForeignMessage"],
+                        @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalImportMessage"], @NO);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalNestedEnum"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalForeignEnum"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalImportEnum"], @NO);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalStringPiece"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasOptionalCord"], @NO);
+
+  // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalInt32"], @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalInt64"], @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalUint32"], @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalUint64"], @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalSint32"], @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalSint64"], @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalFixed32"], @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalFixed64"], @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalSfixed32"], @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalSfixed64"], @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalFloat"], @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalDouble"], @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalBool"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalString"], @"");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalBytes"],
+                        GPBEmptyNSData());
+
+  // Embedded messages should also be exist, but be clear.
+  XCTAssertNotNil([message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalGroup"]);
+  XCTAssertNotNil([message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalNestedMessage"]);
+  XCTAssertNotNil([message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalForeignMessage"]);
+  XCTAssertNotNil([message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalImportMessage"]);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalGroup.hasA"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(
+      [message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalNestedMessage.hasBb"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(
+      [message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalForeignMessage.hasC"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalImportMessage.hasD"],
+                        @NO);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalGroup.a"], @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalNestedMessage.bb"],
+                        @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalForeignMessage.c"],
+                        @0);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKeyPath:@"optionalImportMessage.d"],
+                        @0);
+
+  // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalNestedEnum"],
+                        @(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo));
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalForeignEnum"],
+                        @(ForeignEnum_ForeignFoo));
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalImportEnum"],
+                        @(ImportEnum_ImportFoo));
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalStringPiece"], @"");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"optionalCord"], @"");
+
+  // NSArray interface for repeated doesn't have has*, nil means no value.
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultInt32"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultInt64"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultUint32"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultUint64"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultSint32"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultSint64"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultFixed32"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultFixed64"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultSfixed32"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultSfixed64"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultFloat"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultDouble"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultBool"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultString"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultBytes"], @NO);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultNestedEnum"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultForeignEnum"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultImportEnum"], @NO);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultStringPiece"], @NO);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"hasDefaultCord"], @NO);
+
+  // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultInt32"], @41);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultInt64"], @42);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultUint32"], @43);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultUint64"], @44);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultSint32"], @-45);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultSint64"], @46);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultFixed32"], @47);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultFixed64"], @48);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultSfixed32"], @49);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultSfixed64"], @-50);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultFloat"], @51.5);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultDouble"], @52e3);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultBool"], @YES);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultString"], @"hello");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultBytes"],
+                        [NSData gpbtu_dataWithCString:"world"]);
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultNestedEnum"],
+                        @(TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Bar));
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultForeignEnum"],
+                        @(ForeignEnum_ForeignBar));
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultImportEnum"],
+                        @(ImportEnum_ImportBar));
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultStringPiece"], @"abc");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([message valueForKey:@"defaultCord"], @"123");
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBUnittestProtos.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBUnittestProtos.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..756bd99ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBUnittestProtos.m
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Collects all the compiled protos into one file and compiles them to make sure
+// the compiler is generating valid code.
+
+// The unittest_custom_options.proto extends the messages in descriptor.proto
+// so we build it in to test extending in general. The library doesn't provide
+// a descriptor as it doesn't use the classes/enums.
+#import "google/protobuf/Descriptor.pbobjc.m"
+
+#import "google/protobuf/AnyTest.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/MapProto2Unittest.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/MapUnittest.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestArena.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestCustomOptions.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestCycle.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestDeprecated.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestDeprecatedFile.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestDropUnknownFields.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestEmbedOptimizeFor.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestEmpty.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestEnormousDescriptor.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestImport.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestImportLite.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestImportPublic.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestImportPublicLite.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestLite.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestMset.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestMsetWireFormat.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestNoArena.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestNoArenaImport.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestNoGenericServices.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestObjc.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestObjcStartup.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestOptimizeFor.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestPreserveUnknownEnum.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto2.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto3.pbobjc.m"
+
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestExtensionChainA.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestExtensionChainB.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestExtensionChainC.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestExtensionChainD.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestExtensionChainE.pbobjc.m"
+// See GPBUnittestProtos2.m for for "UnittestExtensionChainF.pbobjc.m"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestExtensionChainG.pbobjc.m"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBUnittestProtos2.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBUnittestProtos2.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef9f07022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBUnittestProtos2.m
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This one file in the chain tests is compiled by itself to ensure if was
+// generated with the extra #imports needed to pull in the indirect Root class
+// used in its Root registry.
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestExtensionChainF.pbobjc.m"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBUnknownFieldSetTest.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBUnknownFieldSetTest.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e03a427d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBUnknownFieldSetTest.m
@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+#import "GPBUnknownField_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownFieldSet_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+
+@interface GPBUnknownFieldSet (GPBUnknownFieldSetTest)
+- (void)getTags:(int32_t*)tags;
+@end
+
+@interface UnknownFieldSetTest : GPBTestCase {
+ @private
+  TestAllTypes* allFields_;
+  NSData* allFieldsData_;
+
+  // An empty message that has been parsed from allFieldsData.  So, it has
+  // unknown fields of every type.
+  TestEmptyMessage* emptyMessage_;
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet* unknownFields_;
+}
+
+@end
+
+@implementation UnknownFieldSetTest
+
+- (void)setUp {
+  allFields_ = [self allSetRepeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  allFieldsData_ = [allFields_ data];
+  emptyMessage_ = [TestEmptyMessage parseFromData:allFieldsData_ error:NULL];
+  unknownFields_ = emptyMessage_.unknownFields;
+}
+
+- (void)testInvalidFieldNumber {
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *set = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  GPBUnknownField* field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:0] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertThrowsSpecificNamed([set addField:field], NSException, NSInvalidArgumentException);
+}
+
+- (void)testEqualityAndHash {
+  // Empty
+
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *set1 = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertTrue([set1 isEqual:set1]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([set1 isEqual:@"foo"]);
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *set2 = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(set1, set2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([set1 hash], [set2 hash]);
+
+  // Varint
+
+  GPBUnknownField* field1 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:1] autorelease];
+  [field1 addVarint:1];
+  [set1 addField:field1];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(set1, set2);
+  GPBUnknownField* field2 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:1] autorelease];
+  [field2 addVarint:1];
+  [set2 addField:field2];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(set1, set2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([set1 hash], [set2 hash]);
+
+  // Fixed32
+
+  field1 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:2] autorelease];
+  [field1 addFixed32:2];
+  [set1 addField:field1];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(set1, set2);
+  field2 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:2] autorelease];
+  [field2 addFixed32:2];
+  [set2 addField:field2];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(set1, set2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([set1 hash], [set2 hash]);
+
+  // Fixed64
+
+  field1 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:3] autorelease];
+  [field1 addFixed64:3];
+  [set1 addField:field1];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(set1, set2);
+  field2 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:3] autorelease];
+  [field2 addFixed64:3];
+  [set2 addField:field2];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(set1, set2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([set1 hash], [set2 hash]);
+
+  // LengthDelimited
+
+  field1 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:4] autorelease];
+  [field1 addLengthDelimited:DataFromCStr("foo")];
+  [set1 addField:field1];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(set1, set2);
+  field2 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:4] autorelease];
+  [field2 addLengthDelimited:DataFromCStr("foo")];
+  [set2 addField:field2];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(set1, set2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([set1 hash], [set2 hash]);
+
+  // Group
+
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *group1 = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  GPBUnknownField* fieldGroup1 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:10] autorelease];
+  [fieldGroup1 addVarint:1];
+  [group1 addField:fieldGroup1];
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *group2 = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  GPBUnknownField* fieldGroup2 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:10] autorelease];
+  [fieldGroup2 addVarint:1];
+  [group2 addField:fieldGroup2];
+
+  field1 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:5] autorelease];
+  [field1 addGroup:group1];
+  [set1 addField:field1];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(set1, set2);
+  field2 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:5] autorelease];
+  [field2 addGroup:group2];
+  [set2 addField:field2];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(set1, set2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([set1 hash], [set2 hash]);
+
+  // Exercise description for completeness.
+  XCTAssertTrue(set1.description.length > 10);
+}
+
+// Constructs a protocol buffer which contains fields with all the same
+// numbers as allFieldsData except that each field is some other wire
+// type.
+- (NSData*)getBizarroData {
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet* bizarroFields =
+      [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  NSUInteger count = [unknownFields_ countOfFields];
+  int32_t tags[count];
+  [unknownFields_ getTags:tags];
+  for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    int32_t tag = tags[i];
+    GPBUnknownField* field = [unknownFields_ getField:tag];
+    if (field.varintList.count == 0) {
+      // Original field is not a varint, so use a varint.
+      GPBUnknownField* varintField =
+          [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:tag] autorelease];
+      [varintField addVarint:1];
+      [bizarroFields addField:varintField];
+    } else {
+      // Original field *is* a varint, so use something else.
+      GPBUnknownField* fixed32Field =
+          [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:tag] autorelease];
+      [fixed32Field addFixed32:1];
+      [bizarroFields addField:fixed32Field];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return [bizarroFields data];
+}
+
+- (void)testSerialize {
+  // Check that serializing the UnknownFieldSet produces the original data
+  // again.
+  NSData* data = [emptyMessage_ data];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(allFieldsData_, data);
+}
+
+- (void)testCopyFrom {
+  TestEmptyMessage* message = [TestEmptyMessage message];
+  [message mergeFrom:emptyMessage_];
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(emptyMessage_.data, message.data);
+}
+
+- (void)testMergeFrom {
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet* set1 = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  GPBUnknownField* field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:2] autorelease];
+  [field addVarint:2];
+  [set1 addField:field];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:3] autorelease];
+  [field addVarint:4];
+  [set1 addField:field];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:4] autorelease];
+  [field addFixed32:6];
+  [set1 addField:field];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:5] autorelease];
+  [field addFixed64:20];
+  [set1 addField:field];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:10] autorelease];
+  [field addLengthDelimited:DataFromCStr("data1")];
+  [set1 addField:field];
+
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *group1 = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  GPBUnknownField* fieldGroup1 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:200] autorelease];
+  [fieldGroup1 addVarint:100];
+  [group1 addField:fieldGroup1];
+
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:11] autorelease];
+  [field addGroup:group1];
+  [set1 addField:field];
+
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet* set2 = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:1] autorelease];
+  [field addVarint:1];
+  [set2 addField:field];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:3] autorelease];
+  [field addVarint:3];
+  [set2 addField:field];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:4] autorelease];
+  [field addFixed32:7];
+  [set2 addField:field];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:5] autorelease];
+  [field addFixed64:30];
+  [set2 addField:field];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:10] autorelease];
+  [field addLengthDelimited:DataFromCStr("data2")];
+  [set2 addField:field];
+
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *group2 = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  GPBUnknownField* fieldGroup2 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:201] autorelease];
+  [fieldGroup2 addVarint:99];
+  [group2 addField:fieldGroup2];
+
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:11] autorelease];
+  [field addGroup:group2];
+  [set2 addField:field];
+
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet* set3 = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:1] autorelease];
+  [field addVarint:1];
+  [set3 addField:field];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:2] autorelease];
+  [field addVarint:2];
+  [set3 addField:field];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:3] autorelease];
+  [field addVarint:4];
+  [set3 addField:field];
+  [field addVarint:3];
+  [set3 addField:field];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:4] autorelease];
+  [field addFixed32:6];
+  [field addFixed32:7];
+  [set3 addField:field];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:5] autorelease];
+  [field addFixed64:20];
+  [field addFixed64:30];
+  [set3 addField:field];
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:10] autorelease];
+  [field addLengthDelimited:DataFromCStr("data1")];
+  [field addLengthDelimited:DataFromCStr("data2")];
+  [set3 addField:field];
+
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *group3a = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  GPBUnknownField* fieldGroup3a1 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:200] autorelease];
+  [fieldGroup3a1 addVarint:100];
+  [group3a addField:fieldGroup3a1];
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *group3b = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  GPBUnknownField* fieldGroup3b2 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:201] autorelease];
+  [fieldGroup3b2 addVarint:99];
+  [group3b addField:fieldGroup3b2];
+
+  field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:11] autorelease];
+  [field addGroup:group1];
+  [field addGroup:group3b];
+  [set3 addField:field];
+
+  TestEmptyMessage* source1 = [TestEmptyMessage message];
+  [source1 setUnknownFields:set1];
+  TestEmptyMessage* source2 = [TestEmptyMessage message];
+  [source2 setUnknownFields:set2];
+  TestEmptyMessage* source3 = [TestEmptyMessage message];
+  [source3 setUnknownFields:set3];
+
+  TestEmptyMessage* destination1 = [TestEmptyMessage message];
+  [destination1 mergeFrom:source1];
+  [destination1 mergeFrom:source2];
+
+  TestEmptyMessage* destination2 = [TestEmptyMessage message];
+  [destination2 mergeFrom:source3];
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(destination1.data, destination2.data);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(destination1.data, source3.data);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(destination2.data, source3.data);
+}
+
+- (void)testClearMessage {
+  TestEmptyMessage *message = [TestEmptyMessage message];
+  [message mergeFrom:emptyMessage_];
+  [message clear];
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.serializedSize, (size_t)0);
+}
+
+- (void)testParseKnownAndUnknown {
+  // Test mixing known and unknown fields when parsing.
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *fields = [[unknownFields_ copy] autorelease];
+  GPBUnknownField *field =
+    [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:123456] autorelease];
+  [field addVarint:654321];
+  [fields addField:field];
+
+  NSData* data = fields.data;
+  TestAllTypes* destination = [TestAllTypes parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+
+  [self assertAllFieldsSet:destination repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  XCTAssertEqual(destination.unknownFields.countOfFields, (NSUInteger)1);
+
+  GPBUnknownField* field2 = [destination.unknownFields getField:123456];
+  XCTAssertEqual(field2.varintList.count, (NSUInteger)1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(654321ULL, [field2.varintList valueAtIndex:0]);
+}
+
+- (void)testWrongTypeTreatedAsUnknown {
+  // Test that fields of the wrong wire type are treated like unknown fields
+  // when parsing.
+
+  NSData* bizarroData = [self getBizarroData];
+  TestAllTypes* allTypesMessage =
+      [TestAllTypes parseFromData:bizarroData error:NULL];
+  TestEmptyMessage* emptyMessage =
+      [TestEmptyMessage parseFromData:bizarroData error:NULL];
+
+  // All fields should have been interpreted as unknown, so the debug strings
+  // should be the same.
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(emptyMessage.data, allTypesMessage.data);
+}
+
+- (void)testUnknownExtensions {
+  // Make sure fields are properly parsed to the UnknownFieldSet even when
+  // they are declared as extension numbers.
+
+  TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions* message =
+      [TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions parseFromData:allFieldsData_ error:NULL];
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(unknownFields_.countOfFields,
+                 message.unknownFields.countOfFields);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(allFieldsData_, message.data);
+}
+
+- (void)testWrongExtensionTypeTreatedAsUnknown {
+  // Test that fields of the wrong wire type are treated like unknown fields
+  // when parsing extensions.
+
+  NSData* bizarroData = [self getBizarroData];
+  TestAllExtensions* allExtensionsMessage =
+      [TestAllExtensions parseFromData:bizarroData error:NULL];
+  TestEmptyMessage* emptyMessage =
+      [TestEmptyMessage parseFromData:bizarroData error:NULL];
+
+  // All fields should have been interpreted as unknown, so the debug strings
+  // should be the same.
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(emptyMessage.data, allExtensionsMessage.data);
+}
+
+- (void)testLargeVarint {
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet* fields = [[unknownFields_ copy] autorelease];
+  GPBUnknownField* field = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:1] autorelease];
+  [field addVarint:0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL];
+  [fields addField:field];
+
+  NSData* data = [fields data];
+
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet* parsed = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  [parsed mergeFromData:data];
+  GPBUnknownField* field2 = [parsed getField:1];
+  XCTAssertEqual(field2.varintList.count, (NSUInteger)1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, [field2.varintList valueAtIndex:0]);
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Field tests
+// Some tests directly on fields since the dictionary in FieldSet can gate
+// testing some of these.
+
+- (void)testFieldEqualityAndHash {
+  GPBUnknownField* field1 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:1] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertTrue([field1 isEqual:field1]);
+  XCTAssertFalse([field1 isEqual:@"foo"]);
+  GPBUnknownField* field2 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:2] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+
+  field2 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:1] autorelease];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([field1 hash], [field2 hash]);
+
+  // Varint
+
+  [field1 addVarint:10];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  [field2 addVarint:10];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([field1 hash], [field2 hash]);
+  [field1 addVarint:11];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  [field2 addVarint:11];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([field1 hash], [field2 hash]);
+
+  // Fixed32
+
+  [field1 addFixed32:20];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  [field2 addFixed32:20];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([field1 hash], [field2 hash]);
+  [field1 addFixed32:21];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  [field2 addFixed32:21];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([field1 hash], [field2 hash]);
+
+  // Fixed64
+
+  [field1 addFixed64:30];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  [field2 addFixed64:30];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([field1 hash], [field2 hash]);
+  [field1 addFixed64:31];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  [field2 addFixed64:31];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([field1 hash], [field2 hash]);
+
+  // LengthDelimited
+
+  [field1 addLengthDelimited:DataFromCStr("foo")];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  [field2 addLengthDelimited:DataFromCStr("foo")];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([field1 hash], [field2 hash]);
+  [field1 addLengthDelimited:DataFromCStr("bar")];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  [field2 addLengthDelimited:DataFromCStr("bar")];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([field1 hash], [field2 hash]);
+
+  // Group
+
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *group = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  GPBUnknownField* fieldGroup = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:100] autorelease];
+  [fieldGroup addVarint:100];
+  [group addField:fieldGroup];
+  [field1 addGroup:group];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  group = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  fieldGroup = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:100] autorelease];
+  [fieldGroup addVarint:100];
+  [group addField:fieldGroup];
+  [field2 addGroup:group];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([field1 hash], [field2 hash]);
+
+  group = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  fieldGroup = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:101] autorelease];
+  [fieldGroup addVarint:101];
+  [group addField:fieldGroup];
+  [field1 addGroup:group];
+  XCTAssertNotEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  group = [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  fieldGroup = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:101] autorelease];
+  [fieldGroup addVarint:101];
+  [group addField:fieldGroup];
+  [field2 addGroup:group];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(field1, field2);
+  XCTAssertEqual([field1 hash], [field2 hash]);
+
+  // Exercise description for completeness.
+  XCTAssertTrue(field1.description.length > 10);
+}
+
+- (void)testMergingFields {
+  GPBUnknownField* field1 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:1] autorelease];
+  [field1 addVarint:1];
+  [field1 addFixed32:2];
+  [field1 addFixed64:3];
+  [field1 addLengthDelimited:[NSData dataWithBytes:"hello" length:5]];
+  [field1 addGroup:[[unknownFields_ copy] autorelease]];
+  GPBUnknownField* field2 = [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:1] autorelease];
+  [field2 mergeFromField:field1];
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBUtilitiesTests.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBUtilitiesTests.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4a09de58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBUtilitiesTests.m
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import <XCTest/XCTest.h>
+
+#import "GPBUtilities_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+#import <objc/runtime.h>
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+#import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+#import "GPBDescriptor_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBMessage.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownField_PackagePrivate.h"
+
+#import "google/protobuf/MapUnittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestObjc.pbobjc.h"
+
+@interface UtilitiesTests : GPBTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation UtilitiesTests
+
+- (void)testRightShiftFunctions {
+  XCTAssertEqual((1UL << 31) >> 31, 1UL);
+  XCTAssertEqual((int32_t)(1U << 31) >> 31, -1);
+  XCTAssertEqual((1ULL << 63) >> 63, 1ULL);
+  XCTAssertEqual((int64_t)(1ULL << 63) >> 63, -1LL);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(GPBLogicalRightShift32((1U << 31), 31), 1);
+  XCTAssertEqual(GPBLogicalRightShift64((1ULL << 63), 63), 1LL);
+}
+
+- (void)testGPBDecodeTextFormatName {
+  uint8_t decodeData[] = {
+    0x6,
+    // An inlined string (first to make sure the leading null is handled
+    // correctly, and with a key of zero to check that).
+    0x0, 0x0, 'z', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'I', 'J', 0x0,
+    // All as is (00 op)
+    0x1, 0x0A, 0x0,
+    // Underscore, upper + 9 (10 op)
+    0x3, 0xCA, 0x0,
+    //  Upper + 3 (10 op), underscore, upper + 5 (10 op)
+    0x2, 0x44, 0xC6, 0x0,
+    // All Upper for 4 (11 op), underscore, underscore, upper + 5 (10 op),
+    // underscore, lower + 0 (01 op)
+    0x4, 0x64, 0x80, 0xC5, 0xA1, 0x0,
+    // 2 byte key: as is + 3 (00 op), underscore, lower + 4 (01 op),
+    //   underscore, lower + 3 (01 op), underscore, lower + 1 (01 op),
+    //   underscore, lower + 30 (01 op), as is + 30 (00 op), as is + 13 (00 op),
+    //   underscore, as is + 3 (00 op)
+    0xE8, 0x07, 0x04, 0xA5, 0xA4, 0xA2, 0xBF, 0x1F, 0x0E, 0x84, 0x0,
+  };
+  NSString *inputStr = @"abcdefghIJ";
+
+  // Empty inputs
+
+  XCTAssertNil(GPBDecodeTextFormatName(nil, 1, NULL));
+  XCTAssertNil(GPBDecodeTextFormatName(decodeData, 1, NULL));
+  XCTAssertNil(GPBDecodeTextFormatName(nil, 1, inputStr));
+
+  // Keys not found.
+
+  XCTAssertNil(GPBDecodeTextFormatName(decodeData, 5, inputStr));
+  XCTAssertNil(GPBDecodeTextFormatName(decodeData, -1, inputStr));
+
+  // Some name decodes.
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(GPBDecodeTextFormatName(decodeData, 1, inputStr), @"abcdefghIJ");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(GPBDecodeTextFormatName(decodeData, 2, inputStr), @"Abcd_EfghIJ");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(GPBDecodeTextFormatName(decodeData, 3, inputStr), @"_AbcdefghIJ");
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(GPBDecodeTextFormatName(decodeData, 4, inputStr), @"ABCD__EfghI_j");
+
+  // An inlined string (and key of zero).
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(GPBDecodeTextFormatName(decodeData, 0, inputStr), @"zbcdefghIJ");
+
+  // Long name so multiple decode ops are needed.
+  inputStr = @"longFieldNameIsLooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong1000";
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(GPBDecodeTextFormatName(decodeData, 1000, inputStr),
+                        @"long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_1000");
+}
+
+- (void)testTextFormat {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+
+  // Not kGPBDefaultRepeatCount because we are comparing to golden master file
+  // which was generated with 2.
+  [self setAllFields:message repeatedCount:2];
+
+  NSString *result = GPBTextFormatForMessage(message, nil);
+
+  NSString *fileName = @"text_format_unittest_data.txt";
+  NSData *resultData = [result dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  NSData *expectedData =
+      [self getDataFileNamed:fileName dataToWrite:resultData];
+  NSString *expected = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:expectedData
+                                             encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(expected, result);
+  [expected release];
+}
+
+- (void)testTextFormatExtra {
+  // -testTextFormat uses all protos with fields that don't require special
+  // handing for figuring out the names.  The ObjC proto has a bunch of oddball
+  // field and enum names that require the decode info to get right, so this
+  // confirms they generated and decoded correctly.
+
+  self_Class *message = [self_Class message];
+  message.cmd = YES;
+  message.isProxy_p = YES;
+  message.subEnum = self_autorelease_RetainCount;
+  message.new_p.copy_p = @"foo";
+
+  NSString *expected = @"_cmd: true\n"
+                       @"isProxy: true\n"
+                       @"SubEnum: retainCount\n"
+                       @"New {\n"
+                       @"  copy: \"foo\"\n"
+                       @"}\n";
+  NSString *result = GPBTextFormatForMessage(message, nil);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(expected, result);
+}
+
+- (void)testTextFormatMaps {
+  TestMap *message = [TestMap message];
+
+  // Map iteration order doesn't have to be stable, so use only one entry.
+  [self setAllMapFields:message numEntries:1];
+
+  NSString *result = GPBTextFormatForMessage(message, nil);
+
+  NSString *fileName = @"text_format_map_unittest_data.txt";
+  NSData *resultData = [result dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  NSData *expectedData =
+      [self getDataFileNamed:fileName dataToWrite:resultData];
+  NSString *expected = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:expectedData
+                                             encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(expected, result);
+  [expected release];
+}
+
+- (void)testTextFormatExtensions {
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+
+  // Not kGPBDefaultRepeatCount because we are comparing to golden master file
+  // which was generated with 2.
+  [self setAllExtensions:message repeatedCount:2];
+
+  NSString *result = GPBTextFormatForMessage(message, nil);
+
+  // NOTE: ObjC TextFormat doesn't have the proper extension names so it
+  // uses comments for the ObjC name and raw numbers for the fields instead
+  // of the bracketed extension name.
+  NSString *fileName = @"text_format_extensions_unittest_data.txt";
+  NSData *resultData = [result dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  NSData *expectedData =
+      [self getDataFileNamed:fileName dataToWrite:resultData];
+  NSString *expected = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:expectedData
+                                             encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(expected, result);
+  [expected release];
+}
+
+- (void)testSetRepeatedFields {
+  TestAllTypes *message = [TestAllTypes message];
+
+  NSDictionary *repeatedFieldValues = @{
+    @"repeatedStringArray" : [@[@"foo", @"bar"] mutableCopy],
+    @"repeatedBoolArray" : [GPBBoolArray arrayWithValue:YES],
+    @"repeatedInt32Array" : [GPBInt32Array arrayWithValue:14],
+    @"repeatedInt64Array" : [GPBInt64Array arrayWithValue:15],
+    @"repeatedUint32Array" : [GPBUInt32Array arrayWithValue:16],
+    @"repeatedUint64Array" : [GPBUInt64Array arrayWithValue:16],
+    @"repeatedFloatArray" : [GPBFloatArray arrayWithValue:16],
+    @"repeatedDoubleArray" : [GPBDoubleArray arrayWithValue:16],
+    @"repeatedNestedEnumArray" :
+        [GPBEnumArray arrayWithValidationFunction:TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_IsValidValue
+                                         rawValue:TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_Foo],
+  };
+  for (NSString *fieldName in repeatedFieldValues) {
+    GPBFieldDescriptor *field =
+        [message.descriptor fieldWithName:fieldName];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(field, @"No field with name: %@", fieldName);
+    id expectedValues = repeatedFieldValues[fieldName];
+    GPBSetMessageRepeatedField(message, field, expectedValues);
+    XCTAssertEqualObjects(expectedValues,
+                          [message valueForKeyPath:fieldName]);
+  }
+}
+
+// Helper to make an unknown field set with something in it.
+static GPBUnknownFieldSet *UnknownFieldsSetHelper(int num) {
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet *result =
+      [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+
+  GPBUnknownField *field =
+      [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:num] autorelease];
+  [field addVarint:num];
+  [result addField:field];
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+- (void)testDropMessageUnknownFieldsRecursively {
+  TestAllExtensions *message = [TestAllExtensions message];
+
+  // Give it unknownFields.
+  message.unknownFields = UnknownFieldsSetHelper(777);
+
+  // Given it extensions that include a message with unknown fields of its own.
+  {
+    // Int
+    [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension] value:@5];
+
+    // Group
+    OptionalGroup_extension *optionalGroup = [OptionalGroup_extension message];
+    optionalGroup.a = 123;
+    optionalGroup.unknownFields = UnknownFieldsSetHelper(779);
+    [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]
+                    value:optionalGroup];
+
+    // Message
+    TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *nestedMessage =
+        [TestAllTypes_NestedMessage message];
+    nestedMessage.bb = 456;
+    nestedMessage.unknownFields = UnknownFieldsSetHelper(778);
+    [message setExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]
+                    value:nestedMessage];
+
+    // Repeated Group
+    RepeatedGroup_extension *repeatedGroup =
+      [[RepeatedGroup_extension alloc] init];
+    repeatedGroup.a = 567;
+    repeatedGroup.unknownFields = UnknownFieldsSetHelper(780);
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedGroupExtension]
+                    value:repeatedGroup];
+    [repeatedGroup release];
+
+    // Repeated Message
+    nestedMessage = [[TestAllTypes_NestedMessage alloc] init];
+    nestedMessage.bb = 678;
+    nestedMessage.unknownFields = UnknownFieldsSetHelper(781);
+    [message addExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedMessageExtension]
+                    value:nestedMessage];
+    [nestedMessage release];
+  }
+
+  // Confirm everything is there.
+
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message.unknownFields);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]]);
+
+  {
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]]);
+    OptionalGroup_extension *optionalGroup =
+        [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(optionalGroup);
+    XCTAssertEqual(optionalGroup.a, 123);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(optionalGroup.unknownFields);
+  }
+
+  {
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]]);
+    TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *nestedMessage =
+        [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(nestedMessage);
+    XCTAssertEqual(nestedMessage.bb, 456);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(nestedMessage.unknownFields);
+  }
+
+  {
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedGroupExtension]]);
+    NSArray *repeatedGroups = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedGroupExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(repeatedGroups.count, (NSUInteger)1);
+    RepeatedGroup_extension *repeatedGroup = repeatedGroups.firstObject;
+    XCTAssertNotNil(repeatedGroup);
+    XCTAssertEqual(repeatedGroup.a, 567);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(repeatedGroup.unknownFields);
+  }
+
+  {
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedMessageExtension]]);
+    NSArray *repeatedNestedMessages = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedMessageExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(repeatedNestedMessages.count, (NSUInteger)1);
+    TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *repeatedNestedMessage = repeatedNestedMessages.firstObject;
+    XCTAssertNotNil(repeatedNestedMessage);
+    XCTAssertEqual(repeatedNestedMessage.bb, 678);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(repeatedNestedMessage.unknownFields);
+  }
+
+  // Drop them.
+  GPBMessageDropUnknownFieldsRecursively(message);
+
+  // Confirm unknowns are gone from within the messages.
+
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message);
+  XCTAssertNil(message.unknownFields);
+  XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalInt32Extension]]);
+
+  {
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]]);
+    OptionalGroup_extension *optionalGroup =
+        [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalGroupExtension]];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(optionalGroup);
+    XCTAssertEqual(optionalGroup.a, 123);
+    XCTAssertNil(optionalGroup.unknownFields);
+  }
+
+  {
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]]);
+    TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *nestedMessage =
+        [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot optionalNestedMessageExtension]];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(nestedMessage);
+    XCTAssertEqual(nestedMessage.bb, 456);
+    XCTAssertNil(nestedMessage.unknownFields);
+  }
+
+  {
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedGroupExtension]]);
+    NSArray *repeatedGroups = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedGroupExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(repeatedGroups.count, (NSUInteger)1);
+    RepeatedGroup_extension *repeatedGroup = repeatedGroups.firstObject;
+    XCTAssertNotNil(repeatedGroup);
+    XCTAssertEqual(repeatedGroup.a, 567);
+    XCTAssertNil(repeatedGroup.unknownFields);
+  }
+
+  {
+    XCTAssertTrue([message hasExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedMessageExtension]]);
+    NSArray *repeatedNestedMessages = [message getExtension:[UnittestRoot repeatedNestedMessageExtension]];
+    XCTAssertEqual(repeatedNestedMessages.count, (NSUInteger)1);
+    TestAllTypes_NestedMessage *repeatedNestedMessage = repeatedNestedMessages.firstObject;
+    XCTAssertNotNil(repeatedNestedMessage);
+    XCTAssertEqual(repeatedNestedMessage.bb, 678);
+    XCTAssertNil(repeatedNestedMessage.unknownFields);
+  }
+
+}
+
+- (void)testDropMessageUnknownFieldsRecursively_Maps {
+  TestMap *message = [TestMap message];
+
+  {
+    ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [ForeignMessage message];
+    foreignMessage.unknownFields = UnknownFieldsSetHelper(100);
+    [message.mapInt32ForeignMessage setObject:foreignMessage forKey:100];
+
+    foreignMessage = [ForeignMessage message];
+    foreignMessage.unknownFields = UnknownFieldsSetHelper(101);
+    [message.mapStringForeignMessage setObject:foreignMessage forKey:@"101"];
+  }
+
+  // Confirm everything is there.
+
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message);
+
+  {
+    ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [message.mapInt32ForeignMessage objectForKey:100];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(foreignMessage);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(foreignMessage.unknownFields);
+  }
+
+  {
+    ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [message.mapStringForeignMessage objectForKey:@"101"];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(foreignMessage);
+    XCTAssertNotNil(foreignMessage.unknownFields);
+  }
+
+  GPBMessageDropUnknownFieldsRecursively(message);
+
+  // Confirm unknowns are gone from within the messages.
+
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message);
+
+  {
+    ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [message.mapInt32ForeignMessage objectForKey:100];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(foreignMessage);
+    XCTAssertNil(foreignMessage.unknownFields);
+  }
+
+  {
+    ForeignMessage *foreignMessage = [message.mapStringForeignMessage objectForKey:@"101"];
+    XCTAssertNotNil(foreignMessage);
+    XCTAssertNil(foreignMessage.unknownFields);
+  }
+
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBWellKnownTypesTest.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBWellKnownTypesTest.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..592d5afd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBWellKnownTypesTest.m
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBWellKnownTypes.h"
+
+#import <XCTest/XCTest.h>
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/AnyTest.pbobjc.h"
+
+// Nanosecond time accuracy
+static const NSTimeInterval kTimeAccuracy = 1e-9;
+
+@interface WellKnownTypesTest : XCTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation WellKnownTypesTest
+
+- (void)testTimeStamp {
+  // Test negative and positive values.
+  NSTimeInterval values[] = {
+      -428027599.483999967, -1234567.0, -0.5, 0, 0.75, 54321.0, 2468086,483999967
+  };
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < GPBARRAYSIZE(values); ++i) {
+    NSTimeInterval value = values[i];
+
+    // Test Creation - date.
+    NSDate *date = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSince1970:value];
+    GPBTimestamp *timeStamp = [[GPBTimestamp alloc] initWithDate:date];
+
+    XCTAssertGreaterThanOrEqual(timeStamp.nanos, 0,
+                                @"Offset %f - Date: %@", (double)value, date);
+    XCTAssertLessThan(timeStamp.nanos, 1e9,
+                      @"Offset %f - Date: %@", (double)value, date);
+
+    // Comparing timeIntervals instead of directly comparing dates because date
+    // equality requires the time intervals to be exactly the same, and the
+    // timeintervals go through a bit of floating point error as they are
+    // converted back and forth from the internal representation.
+    XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(value, timeStamp.date.timeIntervalSince1970,
+                               kTimeAccuracy,
+                               @"Offset %f - Date: %@", (double)value, date);
+    [timeStamp release];
+
+    // Test Creation - timeIntervalSince1970.
+    timeStamp = [[GPBTimestamp alloc] initWithTimeIntervalSince1970:value];
+
+    XCTAssertGreaterThanOrEqual(timeStamp.nanos, 0,
+                                @"Offset %f - Date: %@", (double)value, date);
+    XCTAssertLessThan(timeStamp.nanos, 1e9,
+                      @"Offset %f - Date: %@", (double)value, date);
+
+    XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(value, timeStamp.timeIntervalSince1970,
+                               kTimeAccuracy,
+                               @"Offset %f - Date: %@", (double)value, date);
+    [timeStamp release];
+
+    // Test Mutation - date.
+    timeStamp = [[GPBTimestamp alloc] init];
+    timeStamp.date = date;
+
+    XCTAssertGreaterThanOrEqual(timeStamp.nanos, 0,
+                                @"Offset %f - Date: %@", (double)value, date);
+    XCTAssertLessThan(timeStamp.nanos, 1e9,
+                      @"Offset %f - Date: %@", (double)value, date);
+
+    XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(value, timeStamp.date.timeIntervalSince1970,
+                               kTimeAccuracy,
+                               @"Offset %f - Date: %@", (double)value, date);
+    [timeStamp release];
+
+    // Test Mutation - timeIntervalSince1970.
+    timeStamp = [[GPBTimestamp alloc] init];
+    timeStamp.timeIntervalSince1970 = value;
+
+    XCTAssertGreaterThanOrEqual(timeStamp.nanos, 0,
+                                @"Offset %f - Date: %@", (double)value, date);
+    XCTAssertLessThan(timeStamp.nanos, 1e9,
+                      @"Offset %f - Date: %@", (double)value, date);
+
+    XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(value, timeStamp.date.timeIntervalSince1970,
+                               kTimeAccuracy,
+                               @"Offset %f - Date: %@", (double)value, date);
+
+    [timeStamp release];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testDuration {
+  // Test negative and positive values.
+  NSTimeInterval values[] = { -1000.0001, -500.0, -0.5, 0, 0.75, 1000.0, 2000.0002 };
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < GPBARRAYSIZE(values); ++i) {
+    NSTimeInterval value = values[i];
+
+    // Test Creation.
+    GPBDuration *duration =
+        [[GPBDuration alloc] initWithTimeInterval:value];
+    XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(value, duration.timeInterval, kTimeAccuracy,
+                               @"For interval %f", (double)value);
+    if (value > 0) {
+      XCTAssertGreaterThanOrEqual(duration.seconds, 0,
+                                  @"For interval %f", (double)value);
+      XCTAssertGreaterThanOrEqual(duration.nanos, 0,
+                                  @"For interval %f", (double)value);
+    } else {
+      XCTAssertLessThanOrEqual(duration.seconds, 0,
+                               @"For interval %f", (double)value);
+      XCTAssertLessThanOrEqual(duration.nanos, 0,
+                               @"For interval %f", (double)value);
+    }
+    [duration release];
+
+    // Test Mutation.
+    duration = [[GPBDuration alloc] init];
+    duration.timeInterval = value;
+    XCTAssertEqualWithAccuracy(value, duration.timeInterval, kTimeAccuracy,
+                               @"For interval %f", (double)value);
+    if (value > 0) {
+      XCTAssertGreaterThanOrEqual(duration.seconds, 0,
+                                  @"For interval %f", (double)value);
+      XCTAssertGreaterThanOrEqual(duration.nanos, 0,
+                                  @"For interval %f", (double)value);
+    } else {
+      XCTAssertLessThanOrEqual(duration.seconds, 0,
+                               @"For interval %f", (double)value);
+      XCTAssertLessThanOrEqual(duration.nanos, 0,
+                               @"For interval %f", (double)value);
+    }
+    [duration release];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)testAnyHelpers {
+
+  // Set and extract covers most of the code.
+
+  TestAny *subMessage = [TestAny message];
+  subMessage.int32Value = 12345;
+  TestAny *message = [TestAny message];
+  NSError *err = nil;
+  message.anyValue = [GPBAny anyWithMessage:subMessage error:&err];
+  XCTAssertNil(err);
+
+  NSData *data = message.data;
+  XCTAssertNotNil(data);
+
+  TestAny *message2 = [TestAny parseFromData:data error:&err];
+  XCTAssertNil(err);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(message2);
+  XCTAssertTrue(message2.hasAnyValue);
+
+  TestAny *subMessage2 =
+      (TestAny *)[message.anyValue unpackMessageClass:[TestAny class]
+                                                error:&err];
+  XCTAssertNil(err);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(subMessage2);
+  XCTAssertEqual(subMessage2.int32Value, 12345);
+
+  // NULL errorPtr in the two calls.
+
+  message.anyValue = [GPBAny anyWithMessage:subMessage error:NULL];
+  NSData *data2 = message.data;
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(data2, data);
+
+  TestAny *subMessage3 =
+      (TestAny *)[message.anyValue unpackMessageClass:[TestAny class]
+                                                error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(subMessage3);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(subMessage2, subMessage3);
+
+  // Try to extract wrong type.
+
+  GPBTimestamp *wrongMessage =
+      (GPBTimestamp *)[message.anyValue unpackMessageClass:[GPBTimestamp class]
+                                                     error:&err];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(err);
+  XCTAssertNil(wrongMessage);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(err.domain, GPBWellKnownTypesErrorDomain);
+  XCTAssertEqual(err.code, GPBWellKnownTypesErrorCodeTypeURLMismatch);
+
+  wrongMessage =
+      (GPBTimestamp *)[message.anyValue unpackMessageClass:[GPBTimestamp class]
+                                                     error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertNil(wrongMessage);
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBWireFormatTests.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBWireFormatTests.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbeab2156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/GPBWireFormatTests.m
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#import "GPBTestUtilities.h"
+
+#import "GPBCodedInputStream.h"
+#import "GPBMessage_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "GPBUnknownField_PackagePrivate.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/Unittest.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestMset.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestMsetWireFormat.pbobjc.h"
+
+@interface WireFormatTests : GPBTestCase
+@end
+
+@implementation WireFormatTests
+
+- (void)testSerialization {
+  TestAllTypes* message = [self allSetRepeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+
+  NSData* rawBytes = message.data;
+  [self assertFieldsInOrder:rawBytes];
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.serializedSize, (size_t)rawBytes.length);
+
+  TestAllTypes* message2 = [TestAllTypes parseFromData:rawBytes error:NULL];
+
+  [self assertAllFieldsSet:message2 repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+}
+
+- (void)testSerializationPacked {
+  TestPackedTypes* message =
+      [self packedSetRepeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+
+  NSData* rawBytes = message.data;
+  [self assertFieldsInOrder:rawBytes];
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.serializedSize, (size_t)rawBytes.length);
+
+  TestPackedTypes* message2 =
+      [TestPackedTypes parseFromData:rawBytes error:NULL];
+
+  [self assertPackedFieldsSet:message2 repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+}
+
+- (void)testSerializeExtensions {
+  // TestAllTypes and TestAllExtensions should have compatible wire formats,
+  // so if we serealize a TestAllExtensions then parse it as TestAllTypes
+  // it should work.
+
+  TestAllExtensions* message =
+      [self allExtensionsSetRepeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  NSData* rawBytes = message.data;
+  [self assertFieldsInOrder:rawBytes];
+  XCTAssertEqual(message.serializedSize, (size_t)rawBytes.length);
+
+  TestAllTypes* message2 = [TestAllTypes parseFromData:rawBytes error:NULL];
+
+  [self assertAllFieldsSet:message2 repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+}
+
+- (void)testSerializePackedExtensions {
+  // TestPackedTypes and TestPackedExtensions should have compatible wire
+  // formats; check that they serialize to the same string.
+  TestPackedExtensions* message =
+      [self packedExtensionsSetRepeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  NSData* rawBytes = message.data;
+  [self assertFieldsInOrder:rawBytes];
+
+  TestPackedTypes* message2 =
+      [self packedSetRepeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  NSData* rawBytes2 = message2.data;
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(rawBytes, rawBytes2);
+}
+
+- (void)testParseExtensions {
+  // TestAllTypes and TestAllExtensions should have compatible wire formats,
+  // so if we serialize a TestAllTypes then parse it as TestAllExtensions
+  // it should work.
+
+  TestAllTypes* message = [self allSetRepeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  NSData* rawBytes = message.data;
+  [self assertFieldsInOrder:rawBytes];
+
+  GPBExtensionRegistry* registry = [self extensionRegistry];
+
+  TestAllExtensions* message2 = [TestAllExtensions parseFromData:rawBytes
+                                               extensionRegistry:registry
+                                                           error:NULL];
+
+  [self assertAllExtensionsSet:message2 repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+}
+
+
+- (void)testExtensionsSerializedSize {
+  size_t allSet = [self allSetRepeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount].serializedSize;
+  size_t extensionSet = [self allExtensionsSetRepeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount].serializedSize;
+  XCTAssertEqual(allSet, extensionSet);
+}
+
+- (void)testParsePackedExtensions {
+  // Ensure that packed extensions can be properly parsed.
+  TestPackedExtensions* message =
+      [self packedExtensionsSetRepeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+  NSData* rawBytes = message.data;
+  [self assertFieldsInOrder:rawBytes];
+
+  GPBExtensionRegistry* registry = [self extensionRegistry];
+
+  TestPackedExtensions* message2 = [TestPackedExtensions parseFromData:rawBytes
+                                                     extensionRegistry:registry
+                                                                 error:NULL];
+
+  [self assertPackedExtensionsSet:message2
+                    repeatedCount:kGPBDefaultRepeatCount];
+}
+
+const int kUnknownTypeId = 1550055;
+
+- (void)testSerializeMessageSet {
+  // Set up a TestMessageSet with two known messages and an unknown one.
+  TestMessageSet* message_set = [TestMessageSet message];
+  [[message_set getExtension:[TestMessageSetExtension1 messageSetExtension]]
+      setI:123];
+  [[message_set getExtension:[TestMessageSetExtension2 messageSetExtension]]
+      setStr:@"foo"];
+  GPBUnknownField* unknownField =
+      [[[GPBUnknownField alloc] initWithNumber:kUnknownTypeId] autorelease];
+  [unknownField addLengthDelimited:[NSData dataWithBytes:"bar" length:3]];
+  GPBUnknownFieldSet* unknownFieldSet =
+      [[[GPBUnknownFieldSet alloc] init] autorelease];
+  [unknownFieldSet addField:unknownField];
+  [message_set setUnknownFields:unknownFieldSet];
+
+  NSData* data = [message_set data];
+
+  // Parse back using RawMessageSet and check the contents.
+  RawMessageSet* raw = [RawMessageSet parseFromData:data error:NULL];
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([raw.unknownFields countOfFields], (NSUInteger)0);
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(raw.itemArray.count, (NSUInteger)3);
+  XCTAssertEqual((uint32_t)[raw.itemArray[0] typeId],
+                 [TestMessageSetExtension1 messageSetExtension].fieldNumber);
+  XCTAssertEqual((uint32_t)[raw.itemArray[1] typeId],
+                 [TestMessageSetExtension2 messageSetExtension].fieldNumber);
+  XCTAssertEqual([raw.itemArray[2] typeId], kUnknownTypeId);
+
+  TestMessageSetExtension1* message1 =
+      [TestMessageSetExtension1 parseFromData:[((RawMessageSet_Item*)raw.itemArray[0]) message]
+                                        error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqual(message1.i, 123);
+
+  TestMessageSetExtension2* message2 =
+      [TestMessageSetExtension2 parseFromData:[((RawMessageSet_Item*)raw.itemArray[1]) message]
+                                        error:NULL];
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(message2.str, @"foo");
+
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects([raw.itemArray[2] message],
+                        [NSData dataWithBytes:"bar" length:3]);
+}
+
+- (void)testParseMessageSet {
+  // Set up a RawMessageSet with two known messages and an unknown one.
+  RawMessageSet* raw = [RawMessageSet message];
+
+  {
+    RawMessageSet_Item* item = [RawMessageSet_Item message];
+    item.typeId = [TestMessageSetExtension1 messageSetExtension].fieldNumber;
+    TestMessageSetExtension1* message = [TestMessageSetExtension1 message];
+    message.i = 123;
+    item.message = [message data];
+    [raw.itemArray addObject:item];
+  }
+
+  {
+    RawMessageSet_Item* item = [RawMessageSet_Item message];
+    item.typeId = [TestMessageSetExtension2 messageSetExtension].fieldNumber;
+    TestMessageSetExtension2* message = [TestMessageSetExtension2 message];
+    message.str = @"foo";
+    item.message = [message data];
+    [raw.itemArray addObject:item];
+  }
+
+  {
+    RawMessageSet_Item* item = [RawMessageSet_Item message];
+    item.typeId = kUnknownTypeId;
+    item.message = [NSData dataWithBytes:"bar" length:3];
+    [raw.itemArray addObject:item];
+  }
+
+  NSData* data = [raw data];
+
+  // Parse as a TestMessageSet and check the contents.
+  TestMessageSet* messageSet =
+      [TestMessageSet parseFromData:data
+                  extensionRegistry:[UnittestMsetRoot extensionRegistry]
+                              error:NULL];
+
+  XCTAssertEqual(
+      [[messageSet
+          getExtension:[TestMessageSetExtension1 messageSetExtension]] i],
+      123);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(
+      [[messageSet
+          getExtension:[TestMessageSetExtension2 messageSetExtension]] str],
+      @"foo");
+
+  XCTAssertEqual([messageSet.unknownFields countOfFields], (NSUInteger)1);
+  GPBUnknownField* unknownField = [messageSet.unknownFields getField:kUnknownTypeId];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(unknownField);
+  XCTAssertEqual(unknownField.lengthDelimitedList.count, (NSUInteger)1);
+  XCTAssertEqualObjects(unknownField.lengthDelimitedList[0],
+                        [NSData dataWithBytes:"bar" length:3]);
+}
+
+- (void)assertFieldsInOrder:(NSData*)data {
+  GPBCodedInputStream* input = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data];
+  int32_t previousTag = 0;
+
+  while (YES) {
+    int32_t tag = [input readTag];
+    if (tag == 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    XCTAssertGreaterThan(tag, previousTag);
+    [input skipField:tag];
+  }
+}
+
+@end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/UnitTests-Bridging-Header.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/UnitTests-Bridging-Header.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46292fce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/UnitTests-Bridging-Header.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//
+//  Use this file to import your target's public headers that you would like to expose to Swift.
+//
+
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto2.pbobjc.h"
+#import "google/protobuf/UnittestRuntimeProto3.pbobjc.h"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/UnitTests-Info.plist b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/UnitTests-Info.plist
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..460a7d931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/UnitTests-Info.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+	<string>English</string>
+	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+	<string>${EXECUTABLE_NAME}</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+	<string>6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+	<string>BNDL</string>
+	<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+	<string>????</string>
+	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+	<string>1.0</string>
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/golden_message b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/golden_message
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7bceab413
Binary files /dev/null and b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/golden_message differ
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/golden_packed_fields_message b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/golden_packed_fields_message
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7bceab413
Binary files /dev/null and b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/golden_packed_fields_message differ
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/text_format_extensions_unittest_data.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/text_format_extensions_unittest_data.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5205456c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/text_format_extensions_unittest_data.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+1: 101  # [UnittestRoot_optionalInt32Extension]
+2: 102  # [UnittestRoot_optionalInt64Extension]
+3: 103  # [UnittestRoot_optionalUint32Extension]
+4: 104  # [UnittestRoot_optionalUint64Extension]
+5: 105  # [UnittestRoot_optionalSint32Extension]
+6: 106  # [UnittestRoot_optionalSint64Extension]
+7: 107  # [UnittestRoot_optionalFixed32Extension]
+8: 108  # [UnittestRoot_optionalFixed64Extension]
+9: 109  # [UnittestRoot_optionalSfixed32Extension]
+10: 110  # [UnittestRoot_optionalSfixed64Extension]
+11: 111  # [UnittestRoot_optionalFloatExtension]
+12: 112  # [UnittestRoot_optionalDoubleExtension]
+13: true  # [UnittestRoot_optionalBoolExtension]
+14: "115"  # [UnittestRoot_optionalStringExtension]
+15: "\001\000\002\003\000\005"  # [UnittestRoot_optionalBytesExtension]
+16 {  # [UnittestRoot_optionalGroupExtension]
+  a: 117
+}
+18 {  # [UnittestRoot_optionalNestedMessageExtension]
+  bb: 118
+}
+19 {  # [UnittestRoot_optionalForeignMessageExtension]
+  c: 119
+}
+20 {  # [UnittestRoot_optionalImportMessageExtension]
+  d: 120
+}
+21: 3  # [UnittestRoot_optionalNestedEnumExtension]
+22: 6  # [UnittestRoot_optionalForeignEnumExtension]
+23: 9  # [UnittestRoot_optionalImportEnumExtension]
+24: "124"  # [UnittestRoot_optionalStringPieceExtension]
+25: "125"  # [UnittestRoot_optionalCordExtension]
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedInt32Extension]
+31: 201
+31: 301
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedInt64Extension]
+32: 202
+32: 302
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedUint32Extension]
+33: 203
+33: 303
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedUint64Extension]
+34: 204
+34: 304
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedSint32Extension]
+35: 205
+35: 305
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedSint64Extension]
+36: 206
+36: 306
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedFixed32Extension]
+37: 207
+37: 307
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedFixed64Extension]
+38: 208
+38: 308
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedSfixed32Extension]
+39: 209
+39: 309
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedSfixed64Extension]
+40: 210
+40: 310
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedFloatExtension]
+41: 211
+41: 311
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedDoubleExtension]
+42: 212
+42: 312
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedBoolExtension]
+43: false
+43: true
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedStringExtension]
+44: "215"
+44: "315"
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedBytesExtension]
+45: "\330\000\000\000"
+45: "<\001\000\000"
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedGroupExtension]
+46 {
+  a: 217
+}
+46 {
+  a: 317
+}
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedNestedMessageExtension]
+48 {
+  bb: 218
+}
+48 {
+  bb: 318
+}
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedForeignMessageExtension]
+49 {
+  c: 219
+}
+49 {
+  c: 319
+}
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedImportMessageExtension]
+50 {
+  d: 220
+}
+50 {
+  d: 320
+}
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedNestedEnumExtension]
+51: 3
+51: 2
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedForeignEnumExtension]
+52: 6
+52: 5
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedImportEnumExtension]
+53: 9
+53: 8
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedStringPieceExtension]
+54: "224"
+54: "324"
+# [UnittestRoot_repeatedCordExtension]
+55: "225"
+55: "325"
+61: 401  # [UnittestRoot_defaultInt32Extension]
+62: 402  # [UnittestRoot_defaultInt64Extension]
+63: 403  # [UnittestRoot_defaultUint32Extension]
+64: 404  # [UnittestRoot_defaultUint64Extension]
+65: 405  # [UnittestRoot_defaultSint32Extension]
+66: 406  # [UnittestRoot_defaultSint64Extension]
+67: 407  # [UnittestRoot_defaultFixed32Extension]
+68: 408  # [UnittestRoot_defaultFixed64Extension]
+69: 409  # [UnittestRoot_defaultSfixed32Extension]
+70: 410  # [UnittestRoot_defaultSfixed64Extension]
+71: 411  # [UnittestRoot_defaultFloatExtension]
+72: 412  # [UnittestRoot_defaultDoubleExtension]
+73: false  # [UnittestRoot_defaultBoolExtension]
+74: "415"  # [UnittestRoot_defaultStringExtension]
+75: "\240\001\000\000"  # [UnittestRoot_defaultBytesExtension]
+81: 1  # [UnittestRoot_defaultNestedEnumExtension]
+82: 4  # [UnittestRoot_defaultForeignEnumExtension]
+83: 7  # [UnittestRoot_defaultImportEnumExtension]
+84: "424"  # [UnittestRoot_defaultStringPieceExtension]
+85: "425"  # [UnittestRoot_defaultCordExtension]
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/text_format_map_unittest_data.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/text_format_map_unittest_data.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad1195e2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/text_format_map_unittest_data.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+map_int32_int32 {
+  key: 100
+  value: 1
+}
+map_int64_int64 {
+  key: 101
+  value: 1
+}
+map_uint32_uint32 {
+  key: 102
+  value: 1
+}
+map_uint64_uint64 {
+  key: 103
+  value: 1
+}
+map_sint32_sint32 {
+  key: 104
+  value: 1
+}
+map_sint64_sint64 {
+  key: 105
+  value: 1
+}
+map_fixed32_fixed32 {
+  key: 106
+  value: 1
+}
+map_fixed64_fixed64 {
+  key: 107
+  value: 1
+}
+map_sfixed32_sfixed32 {
+  key: 108
+  value: 1
+}
+map_sfixed64_sfixed64 {
+  key: 109
+  value: 1
+}
+map_int32_float {
+  key: 110
+  value: 1
+}
+map_int32_double {
+  key: 111
+  value: 1
+}
+map_bool_bool {
+  key: true
+  value: false
+}
+map_string_string {
+  key: "112"
+  value: "1"
+}
+map_int32_bytes {
+  key: 113
+  value: "\001\000\000\000"
+}
+map_int32_enum {
+  key: 114
+  value: MAP_ENUM_BAZ
+}
+map_int32_foreign_message {
+  key: 115
+  value {
+    c: 1
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/text_format_unittest_data.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/text_format_unittest_data.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d10f10006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/text_format_unittest_data.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+optional_int32: 101
+optional_int64: 102
+optional_uint32: 103
+optional_uint64: 104
+optional_sint32: 105
+optional_sint64: 106
+optional_fixed32: 107
+optional_fixed64: 108
+optional_sfixed32: 109
+optional_sfixed64: 110
+optional_float: 111
+optional_double: 112
+optional_bool: true
+optional_string: "115"
+optional_bytes: "\001\000\002\003\000\005"
+OptionalGroup {
+  a: 117
+}
+optional_nested_message {
+  bb: 118
+}
+optional_foreign_message {
+  c: 119
+}
+optional_import_message {
+  d: 120
+}
+optional_nested_enum: BAZ
+optional_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAZ
+optional_import_enum: IMPORT_BAZ
+optional_string_piece: "124"
+optional_cord: "125"
+repeated_int32: 201
+repeated_int32: 301
+repeated_int64: 202
+repeated_int64: 302
+repeated_uint32: 203
+repeated_uint32: 303
+repeated_uint64: 204
+repeated_uint64: 304
+repeated_sint32: 205
+repeated_sint32: 305
+repeated_sint64: 206
+repeated_sint64: 306
+repeated_fixed32: 207
+repeated_fixed32: 307
+repeated_fixed64: 208
+repeated_fixed64: 308
+repeated_sfixed32: 209
+repeated_sfixed32: 309
+repeated_sfixed64: 210
+repeated_sfixed64: 310
+repeated_float: 211
+repeated_float: 311
+repeated_double: 212
+repeated_double: 312
+repeated_bool: false
+repeated_bool: true
+repeated_string: "215"
+repeated_string: "315"
+repeated_bytes: "\330\000\000\000"
+repeated_bytes: "<\001\000\000"
+RepeatedGroup {
+  a: 217
+}
+RepeatedGroup {
+  a: 317
+}
+repeated_nested_message {
+  bb: 218
+}
+repeated_nested_message {
+  bb: 318
+}
+repeated_foreign_message {
+  c: 219
+}
+repeated_foreign_message {
+  c: 319
+}
+repeated_import_message {
+  d: 220
+}
+repeated_import_message {
+  d: 320
+}
+repeated_nested_enum: BAZ
+repeated_nested_enum: BAR
+repeated_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAZ
+repeated_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAR
+repeated_import_enum: IMPORT_BAZ
+repeated_import_enum: IMPORT_BAR
+repeated_string_piece: "224"
+repeated_string_piece: "324"
+repeated_cord: "225"
+repeated_cord: "325"
+default_int32: 401
+default_int64: 402
+default_uint32: 403
+default_uint64: 404
+default_sint32: 405
+default_sint64: 406
+default_fixed32: 407
+default_fixed64: 408
+default_sfixed32: 409
+default_sfixed64: 410
+default_float: 411
+default_double: 412
+default_bool: false
+default_string: "415"
+default_bytes: "\240\001\000\000"
+default_nested_enum: FOO
+default_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_FOO
+default_import_enum: IMPORT_FOO
+default_string_piece: "424"
+default_cord: "425"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_cycle.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_cycle.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..afc1b0fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_cycle.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// Cycles in the Message graph can cause problems for message class
+// initialization order.
+
+// You can't make a object graph that spans files, so this can only be done
+// within a single proto file.
+
+message CycleFoo {
+  optional CycleFoo a_foo = 1;
+  optional CycleBar a_bar = 2;
+  optional CycleBaz a_baz = 3;
+}
+
+message CycleBar {
+  optional CycleBar a_bar = 1;
+  optional CycleBaz a_baz = 2;
+  optional CycleFoo a_foo = 3;
+}
+
+message CycleBaz {
+  optional CycleBaz a_baz = 1;
+  optional CycleFoo a_foo = 2;
+  optional CycleBar a_bar = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_deprecated.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_deprecated.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96a52bbbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_deprecated.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_deprecated;
+option objc_class_prefix = "Dep";
+
+//
+// This file is like unittest_deprecated_file.proto, but uses message, enum,
+// enum value, and field level deprecation.
+//
+// The source generated from this file needs to be inspect to confirm it has
+// all of the expected annotations. It also will be compiled into the unittest
+// and that compile should be clean without errors.
+//
+
+// Mix of field types marked as deprecated.
+message Msg1 {
+  extensions 100 to max;
+
+  optional string string_field = 1 [deprecated=true];
+  required int32 int_field = 2 [deprecated=true];
+  repeated fixed32 fixed_field = 3 [deprecated=true];
+  optional Msg1 msg_field = 4 [deprecated=true];
+}
+
+// Mix of extension field types marked as deprecated.
+extend Msg1 {
+  optional string string_ext_field = 101 [deprecated=true];
+  optional int32 int_ext_field = 102 [deprecated=true];
+  repeated fixed32 fixed_ext_field = 103 [deprecated=true];
+  optional Msg1 msg_ext_field = 104 [deprecated=true];
+}
+
+// Mix of extension field types (scoped to a message) marked as deprecated.
+message Msg1A {
+  extend Msg1 {
+    optional string string_ext2_field = 201 [deprecated=true];
+    optional int32 int_ext2_field = 202 [deprecated=true];
+    repeated fixed32 fixed_ext2_field = 203 [deprecated=true];
+    optional Msg1 msg_ext2_field = 204 [deprecated=true];
+  }
+}
+
+// Enum value marked as deprecated.
+enum Enum1 {
+  ENUM1_ONE   = 1;
+  ENUM1_TWO   = 2;
+  ENUM1_THREE = 3 [deprecated=true];
+}
+
+// Message marked as deprecated.
+message Msg2 {
+  option deprecated = true;
+
+  optional string string_field = 1;
+  required int32 int_field = 2;
+  repeated fixed32 fixed_field = 3;
+}
+
+// Enum marked as deprecated.
+enum Enum2 {
+  option deprecated = true;
+
+  ENUM2_ONE   = 1;
+  ENUM2_TWO   = 2;
+  ENUM2_THREE = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_deprecated_file.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_deprecated_file.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef92e7de1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_deprecated_file.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_deprecated_file;
+option objc_class_prefix = "FileDep";
+
+//
+// This file is like unittest_deprecated.proto, but does NOT use message, enum,
+// enum value, or field level deprecation; instead it uses the file level option
+// to mark everything.
+//
+// The source generated from this file needs to be inspect to confirm it has
+// all of the expected annotations. It also will be compiled into the unittest
+// and that compile should be clean without errors.
+//
+option deprecated = true;
+
+// Message to catch the deprecation.
+message Msg1 {
+  extensions 100 to max;
+
+  optional string string_field = 1;
+}
+
+// Mix of extension field types to catch the deprecation.
+extend Msg1 {
+  optional string string_ext_field = 101;
+  optional int32 int_ext_field = 102;
+  repeated fixed32 fixed_ext_field = 103;
+  optional Msg1 msg_ext_field = 104;
+}
+
+// Mix of extension field types (scoped to a message) to catch the deprecation.
+message Msg1A {
+  extend Msg1 {
+    optional string string_ext2_field = 201;
+    optional int32 int_ext2_field = 202;
+    repeated fixed32 fixed_ext2_field = 203;
+    optional Msg1 msg_ext2_field = 204;
+  }
+}
+
+// Enum to catch the deprecation.
+enum Enum1 {
+  ENUM1_ONE   = 1;
+  ENUM1_TWO   = 2;
+  ENUM1_THREE = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_a.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_a.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a227eb97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_a.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+import "unittest_extension_chain_b.proto";
+import "unittest_extension_chain_c.proto";
+import "unittest_extension_chain_d.proto";
+
+// The Root for this file should end up adding the local extension and merging
+// in the extensions from D's Root (unittest and C will come via D's).
+
+message ChainAMessage {
+  optional ChainBMessage b = 1;
+  optional ChainCMessage c = 2;
+  optional ChainDMessage d = 3;
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensions {
+  optional int32 chain_a_extension = 10001;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_b.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_b.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0da7ed3e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_b.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+import "unittest_extension_chain_c.proto";
+
+// The Root for this file should end up adding the local extension and merging
+// in the extensions from C's Root (unittest will come via C's).
+
+message ChainBMessage {
+  optional ChainCMessage c = 1;
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensions {
+  optional int32 chain_b_extension = 10002;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_c.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_c.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c702900a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_c.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+// The Root for this file should end up adding the local extension and merging
+// in the extensions from unittest.proto's Root.
+
+message ChainCMessage {
+  optional int32 my_field = 1;
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensions {
+  optional int32 chain_c_extension = 10003;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_d.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_d.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9abe3ba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_d.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+import "unittest_extension_chain_b.proto";
+import "unittest_extension_chain_c.proto";
+
+// The root should end up needing to merge B (C will be merged into B, so it
+// doesn't need to be directly merged).
+
+message ChainDMessage {
+  optional ChainBMessage b = 1;
+  optional ChainCMessage c = 2;
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensions {
+  optional int32 chain_d_extension = 10004;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_e.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_e.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe1166318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_e.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+// The Root for this file should end up just merging in unittest's Root.
+
+message ChainEMessage {
+  optional TestAllTypes my_field = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_f.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_f.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9bed7239
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_f.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "unittest_extension_chain_g.proto";
+
+// The Root for this file should just be merging in the extensions from C's
+// Root (because G doens't define anything itself).
+
+// The generated source will also have to directly import C's .h file so it can
+// compile the reference to C's Root class.
+
+message ChainFMessage {
+  optional ChainGMessage g = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_g.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_g.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aee827b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_g.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2016 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "unittest_extension_chain_c.proto";
+
+// The Root for this file should just be merging in the extensions from C's
+// Root.
+
+message ChainGMessage {
+  optional ChainCMessage c = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91c213921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,884 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2011 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// Used to check that Headerdocs and appledoc work correctly. If these comments
+// are not handled correctly, Xcode will fail to build the tests.
+message TestGeneratedComments {
+  // This is a string that could contain stuff like
+  // mime types as image/* or */plain. Maybe twitter usernames
+  // like @protobuf, @google or @something.
+  optional string string_field = 1;
+}
+
+// Using the messages in unittest.proto, setup for recursive cases for testing
+// extensions at various depths.
+extend TestAllExtensions {
+  optional TestAllExtensions recursive_extension = 86;
+}
+
+// Recursive message to for testing autocreators at different depths.
+message TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField {
+  optional TestRecursiveMessageWithRepeatedField a = 1;
+  repeated int32 i = 2;
+  repeated string str = 3;
+  map<int32, int32> i_to_i = 4;
+  map<string, string> str_to_str = 5;
+}
+
+// Message with a few types of maps to cover the different custom flows
+// in the runtime.
+message TestMessageOfMaps {
+  map<string, string> str_to_str = 1;
+
+  map<string, int32> str_to_int = 2;
+  map<int32, string> int_to_str = 3;
+  map<int32, int32> int_to_int = 4;
+
+  map<string, bool> str_to_bool = 5;
+  map<bool, string> bool_to_str = 6;
+  map<bool, bool> bool_to_bool = 7;
+
+  map<int32, bool> int_to_bool = 8;
+  map<bool, int32> bool_to_int = 9;
+
+  map<string, TestAllTypes> str_to_msg = 10;
+  map<int32, TestAllTypes> int_to_msg = 11;
+  map<bool, TestAllTypes> bool_to_msg = 12;
+}
+
+// Recursive message and extension to for testing autocreators at different
+// depths.
+message TestRecursiveExtension {
+  optional TestRecursiveExtension recursive_sub_message = 1;
+  repeated int32 repeated_value = 2;
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestRecursiveExtension {
+  optional TestRecursiveExtension recursive_message_extension = 1000;
+}
+
+message self {
+  message super {
+    optional int32 description = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum autorelease {
+    retain      = 1;
+    release     = 2;
+    retainCount = 3;
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  // Objective C Keywords
+  optional bool id                =  1;
+  optional bool _cmd              =  2;
+  // super is used as submessage above
+  optional bool in                =  4;
+  optional bool out               =  5;
+  optional bool inout             =  6;
+  optional bool bycopy            =  7;
+  optional bool byref             =  8;
+  optional bool oneway            =  9;
+  optional bool self              =  10;
+  optional bool instancetype      =  11;
+  optional bool nullable          =  12;
+  optional bool nonnull           =  13;
+  optional bool nil               =  14;
+  // Nil and nil can't be in the same message
+  optional bool YES               =  16;
+  optional bool NO                =  17;
+  optional bool weak              =  18;
+
+  // Some C/C++ Keywords
+  optional bool case              = 30;
+  optional bool if                = 31;
+  optional bool and_eq            = 32;
+  optional bool public            = 33;
+  optional bool private           = 34;
+  optional bool typename          = 35;
+  optional bool static_cast       = 36;
+  optional bool typeof            = 37;
+  optional bool restrict          = 38;
+  optional bool NULL              = 39;
+
+  // Some NSObject Methods
+  optional bool dealloc           = 110;
+  optional bool isProxy           = 111;
+  optional bool copy              = 112;
+  optional bool description       = 113;
+  optional bool zone              = 114;
+  optional bool className         = 115;
+  optional bool __retain_OA       = 116;
+  optional bool CAMLType          = 117;
+  optional bool isNSDictionary__  = 118;
+  optional bool accessibilityLabel = 119;
+
+  // Some Objc "keywords" that we shouldn't
+  // have to worry about because they
+  // can only appear in specialized areas.
+  optional bool assign            = 200;
+  optional bool getter            = 201;
+  optional bool setter            = 202;
+  optional bool atomic            = 203;
+  optional bool nonatomic         = 204;
+  optional bool strong            = 205;
+  optional bool null_resettable   = 206;
+  optional bool readonly          = 207;
+
+  // Some GPBMessage methods
+  optional bool clear             = 300;
+  optional bool data              = 301;
+  optional bool descriptor        = 302;
+  optional bool delimitedData     = 303;
+
+  // Some MacTypes
+  optional bool Fixed             = 400;
+  optional bool Point             = 401;
+  optional bool FixedPoint        = 402;
+  optional bool Style             = 403;
+
+  // C/C++ reserved identifiers
+  optional bool _Generic          = 500;
+  optional bool __block           = 501;
+
+  // Try a keyword as a type
+  optional autorelease SubEnum    = 1000;
+
+  optional group New = 2000 {
+   optional string copy = 1;
+  }
+  optional group MutableCopy = 2001 {
+    optional int32 extensionRegistry = 1;
+  }
+
+  extensions 3000 to 3999;
+
+}
+
+enum retain {
+  count          = 4;
+  initialized    = 5;
+  serializedSize = 6;
+}
+
+message ObjCPropertyNaming {
+  // Test that the properties properly get things all caps.
+  optional string url           = 1;
+  optional string thumbnail_url = 2;
+  optional string url_foo       = 3;
+  optional string some_url_blah = 4;
+  optional string http          = 5;
+  optional string https         = 6;
+  // This one doesn't.
+  repeated string urls          = 7;
+}
+
+// EnumValueShortName: The short names shouldn't get suffixes/prefixes.
+enum Foo {
+  SERIALIZED_SIZE = 1;
+  SIZE            = 2;
+  OTHER           = 3;
+}
+
+// EnumValueShortName: The enum name gets a prefix.
+enum Category {
+  RED  = 1;
+  BLUE = 2;
+}
+
+// EnumValueShortName: Twist case, full name gets PB, but the short names
+// should still end up correct.
+enum Time {
+  BASE            = 1;
+  RECORD          = 2;
+  SOMETHING_ELSE  = 3;
+}
+
+extend self {
+  repeated    int32 debugDescription    =  3000 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 finalize            =  3001 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 hash                =  3002 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 classForCoder       =  3003 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 byref               =  3004 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// Test handing of fields that start with init* since Xcode 5's ARC support
+// doesn't like messages that look like initializers but aren't.
+message ObjCInitFoo {
+  optional string init_val = 11;
+  optional int32 init_size = 12;
+  optional self init_self = 13;
+
+  repeated string init_vals = 21;
+  repeated int32 init_sizes = 22;
+  repeated self init_selfs = 23;
+}
+
+// Test handling of fields that start with retained names.
+message ObjCRetainedFoo {
+  optional string new_val_lower_complex = 11;
+  optional string new_Val_upper_complex = 12;
+  optional string newvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex = 13;
+  optional string newValue_upper_no_underscore_complex = 14;
+
+  optional int32 new_val_lower_primitive = 15;
+  optional int32 new_Val_upper_primitive = 16;
+  optional int32 newvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive = 17;
+  optional int32 newValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive = 18;
+
+  optional self new_val_lower_message = 19;
+  optional self new_Val_upper_message = 20;
+  optional self newvalue_lower_no_underscore_message = 21;
+  optional self newValue_upper_no_underscore_message = 22;
+
+  optional Foo new_val_lower_enum = 23;
+  optional Foo new_Val_upper_enum = 24;
+  optional Foo newvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum = 25;
+  optional Foo newValue_upper_no_underscore_enum = 26;
+
+  repeated string new_val_lower_complex_repeated = 111;
+  repeated string new_Val_upper_complex_repeated = 112;
+  repeated string newvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 113;
+  repeated string newValue_upper_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 114;
+
+  repeated int32 new_val_lower_primitive_repeated = 115;
+  repeated int32 new_Val_upper_primitive_repeated = 116;
+  repeated int32 newvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 117;
+  repeated int32 newValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 118;
+
+  repeated self new_val_lower_message_repeated = 119;
+  repeated self new_Val_upper_message_repeated = 120;
+  repeated self newvalue_lower_no_underscore_message_repeated = 121;
+  repeated self newValue_upper_no_underscore_message_repeated = 122;
+
+  repeated Foo new_val_lower_enum_repeated = 123;
+  repeated Foo new_Val_upper_enum_repeated = 124;
+  repeated Foo newvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 125;
+  repeated Foo newValue_upper_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 126;
+
+  optional string alloc_val_lower_complex = 211;
+  optional string alloc_Val_upper_complex = 212;
+  optional string allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex = 213;
+  optional string allocValue_upper_no_underscore_complex = 214;
+
+  optional int32 alloc_val_lower_primitive = 215;
+  optional int32 alloc_Val_upper_primitive = 216;
+  optional int32 allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive = 217;
+  optional int32 allocValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive = 218;
+
+  optional self alloc_val_lower_message = 219;
+  optional self alloc_Val_upper_message = 220;
+  optional self allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_message = 221;
+  optional self allocValue_upper_no_underscore_message = 222;
+
+  optional Foo alloc_val_lower_enum = 223;
+  optional Foo alloc_Val_upper_enum = 224;
+  optional Foo allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum = 225;
+  optional Foo allocValue_upper_no_underscore_enum = 226;
+
+  repeated string alloc_val_lower_complex_repeated = 311;
+  repeated string alloc_Val_upper_complex_repeated = 312;
+  repeated string allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 313;
+  repeated string allocValue_upper_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 314;
+
+  repeated int32 alloc_val_lower_primitive_repeated = 315;
+  repeated int32 alloc_Val_upper_primitive_repeated = 316;
+  repeated int32 allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 317;
+  repeated int32 allocValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 318;
+
+  repeated self alloc_val_lower_message_repeated = 319;
+  repeated self alloc_Val_upper_message_repeated = 320;
+  repeated self allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_message_repeated = 321;
+  repeated self allocValue_upper_no_underscore_message_repeated = 322;
+
+  repeated Foo alloc_val_lower_enum_repeated = 323;
+  repeated Foo alloc_Val_upper_enum_repeated = 324;
+  repeated Foo allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 325;
+  repeated Foo allocValue_upper_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 326;
+
+  optional string copy_val_lower_complex = 411;
+  optional string copy_Val_upper_complex = 412;
+  optional string copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex = 413;
+  optional string copyValue_upper_no_underscore_complex = 414;
+
+  optional int32 copy_val_lower_primitive = 415;
+  optional int32 copy_Val_upper_primitive = 416;
+  optional int32 copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive = 417;
+  optional int32 copyValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive = 418;
+
+  optional self copy_val_lower_message = 419;
+  optional self copy_Val_upper_message = 420;
+  optional self copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_message = 421;
+  optional self copyValue_upper_no_underscore_message = 422;
+
+  optional Foo copy_val_lower_enum = 423;
+  optional Foo copy_Val_upper_enum = 424;
+  optional Foo copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum = 425;
+  optional Foo copyValue_upper_no_underscore_enum = 426;
+
+  repeated string copy_val_lower_complex_repeated = 511;
+  repeated string copy_Val_upper_complex_repeated = 512;
+  repeated string copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 513;
+  repeated string copyValue_upper_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 514;
+
+  repeated int32 copy_val_lower_primitive_repeated = 515;
+  repeated int32 copy_Val_upper_primitive_repeated = 516;
+  repeated int32 copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 517;
+  repeated int32 copyValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 518;
+
+  repeated self copy_val_lower_message_repeated = 519;
+  repeated self copy_Val_upper_message_repeated = 520;
+  repeated self copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_message_repeated = 521;
+  repeated self copyValue_upper_no_underscore_message_repeated = 522;
+
+  repeated Foo copy_val_lower_enum_repeated = 523;
+  repeated Foo copy_Val_upper_enum_repeated = 524;
+  repeated Foo copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 525;
+  repeated Foo copyValue_upper_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 526;
+
+  optional string mutableCopy_val_lower_complex = 611;
+  optional string mutableCopy_Val_upper_complex = 612;
+  optional string mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex = 613;
+  optional string mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_complex = 614;
+
+  optional int32 mutableCopy_val_lower_primitive = 615;
+  optional int32 mutableCopy_Val_upper_primitive = 616;
+  optional int32 mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive = 617;
+  optional int32 mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive = 618;
+
+  optional self mutableCopy_val_lower_message = 619;
+  optional self mutableCopy_Val_upper_message = 620;
+  optional self mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_message = 621;
+  optional self mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_message = 622;
+
+  optional Foo mutableCopy_val_lower_enum = 623;
+  optional Foo mutableCopy_Val_upper_enum = 624;
+  optional Foo mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum = 625;
+  optional Foo mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_enum = 626;
+
+  repeated string mutableCopy_val_lower_complex_repeated = 711;
+  repeated string mutableCopy_Val_upper_complex_repeated = 712;
+  repeated string mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 713;
+  repeated string mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 714;
+
+  repeated int32 mutableCopy_val_lower_primitive_repeated = 715;
+  repeated int32 mutableCopy_Val_upper_primitive_repeated = 716;
+  repeated int32 mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 717;
+  repeated int32 mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 718;
+
+  repeated self mutableCopy_val_lower_message_repeated = 719;
+  repeated self mutableCopy_Val_upper_message_repeated = 720;
+  repeated self mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_message_repeated = 721;
+  repeated self mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_message_repeated = 722;
+
+  repeated Foo mutableCopy_val_lower_enum_repeated = 723;
+  repeated Foo mutableCopy_Val_upper_enum_repeated = 724;
+  repeated Foo mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 725;
+  repeated Foo mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 726;
+
+  extensions 1000 to 3999;
+}
+
+// Extension fields with retained names.
+extend ObjCRetainedFoo {
+  optional string new_val_lower_complex = 1011;
+  optional string new_Val_upper_complex = 1012;
+  optional string newvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex = 1013;
+  optional string newValue_upper_no_underscore_complex = 1014;
+
+  optional int32 new_val_lower_primitive = 1015;
+  optional int32 new_Val_upper_primitive = 1016;
+  optional int32 newvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive = 1017;
+  optional int32 newValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive = 1018;
+
+  optional self new_val_lower_message = 1019;
+  optional self new_Val_upper_message = 1020;
+  optional self newvalue_lower_no_underscore_message = 1021;
+  optional self newValue_upper_no_underscore_message = 1022;
+
+  optional Foo new_val_lower_enum = 1023;
+  optional Foo new_Val_upper_enum = 1024;
+  optional Foo newvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum = 1025;
+  optional Foo newValue_upper_no_underscore_enum = 1026;
+
+  repeated string new_val_lower_complex_repeated = 1111;
+  repeated string new_Val_upper_complex_repeated = 1112;
+  repeated string newvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 1113;
+  repeated string newValue_upper_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 1114;
+
+  repeated int32 new_val_lower_primitive_repeated = 1115;
+  repeated int32 new_Val_upper_primitive_repeated = 1116;
+  repeated int32 newvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 1117;
+  repeated int32 newValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 1118;
+
+  repeated self new_val_lower_message_repeated = 1119;
+  repeated self new_Val_upper_message_repeated = 1120;
+  repeated self newvalue_lower_no_underscore_message_repeated = 1121;
+  repeated self newValue_upper_no_underscore_message_repeated = 1122;
+
+  repeated Foo new_val_lower_enum_repeated = 1123;
+  repeated Foo new_Val_upper_enum_repeated = 1124;
+  repeated Foo newvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 1125;
+  repeated Foo newValue_upper_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 1126;
+
+  optional string alloc_val_lower_complex = 1211;
+  optional string alloc_Val_upper_complex = 1212;
+  optional string allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex = 1213;
+  optional string allocValue_upper_no_underscore_complex = 1214;
+
+  optional int32 alloc_val_lower_primitive = 1215;
+  optional int32 alloc_Val_upper_primitive = 1216;
+  optional int32 allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive = 1217;
+  optional int32 allocValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive = 1218;
+
+  optional self alloc_val_lower_message = 1219;
+  optional self alloc_Val_upper_message = 1220;
+  optional self allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_message = 1221;
+  optional self allocValue_upper_no_underscore_message = 1222;
+
+  optional Foo alloc_val_lower_enum = 1223;
+  optional Foo alloc_Val_upper_enum = 1224;
+  optional Foo allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum = 1225;
+  optional Foo allocValue_upper_no_underscore_enum = 1226;
+
+  repeated string alloc_val_lower_complex_repeated = 1311;
+  repeated string alloc_Val_upper_complex_repeated = 1312;
+  repeated string allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 1313;
+  repeated string allocValue_upper_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 1314;
+
+  repeated int32 alloc_val_lower_primitive_repeated = 1315;
+  repeated int32 alloc_Val_upper_primitive_repeated = 1316;
+  repeated int32 allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 1317;
+  repeated int32 allocValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 1318;
+
+  repeated self alloc_val_lower_message_repeated = 1319;
+  repeated self alloc_Val_upper_message_repeated = 1320;
+  repeated self allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_message_repeated = 1321;
+  repeated self allocValue_upper_no_underscore_message_repeated = 1322;
+
+  repeated Foo alloc_val_lower_enum_repeated = 1323;
+  repeated Foo alloc_Val_upper_enum_repeated = 1324;
+  repeated Foo allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 1325;
+  repeated Foo allocValue_upper_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 1326;
+
+  optional string copy_val_lower_complex = 1411;
+  optional string copy_Val_upper_complex = 1412;
+  optional string copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex = 1413;
+  optional string copyValue_upper_no_underscore_complex = 1414;
+
+  optional int32 copy_val_lower_primitive = 1415;
+  optional int32 copy_Val_upper_primitive = 1416;
+  optional int32 copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive = 1417;
+  optional int32 copyValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive = 1418;
+
+  optional self copy_val_lower_message = 1419;
+  optional self copy_Val_upper_message = 1420;
+  optional self copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_message = 1421;
+  optional self copyValue_upper_no_underscore_message = 1422;
+
+  optional Foo copy_val_lower_enum = 1423;
+  optional Foo copy_Val_upper_enum = 1424;
+  optional Foo copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum = 1425;
+  optional Foo copyValue_upper_no_underscore_enum = 1426;
+
+  repeated string copy_val_lower_complex_repeated = 1511;
+  repeated string copy_Val_upper_complex_repeated = 1512;
+  repeated string copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 1513;
+  repeated string copyValue_upper_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 1514;
+
+  repeated int32 copy_val_lower_primitive_repeated = 1515;
+  repeated int32 copy_Val_upper_primitive_repeated = 1516;
+  repeated int32 copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 1517;
+  repeated int32 copyValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 1518;
+
+  repeated self copy_val_lower_message_repeated = 1519;
+  repeated self copy_Val_upper_message_repeated = 1520;
+  repeated self copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_message_repeated = 1521;
+  repeated self copyValue_upper_no_underscore_message_repeated = 1522;
+
+  repeated Foo copy_val_lower_enum_repeated = 1523;
+  repeated Foo copy_Val_upper_enum_repeated = 1524;
+  repeated Foo copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 1525;
+  repeated Foo copyValue_upper_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 1526;
+
+  optional string mutableCopy_val_lower_complex = 1611;
+  optional string mutableCopy_Val_upper_complex = 1612;
+  optional string mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex = 1613;
+  optional string mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_complex = 1614;
+
+  optional int32 mutableCopy_val_lower_primitive = 1615;
+  optional int32 mutableCopy_Val_upper_primitive = 1616;
+  optional int32 mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive = 1617;
+  optional int32 mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive = 1618;
+
+  optional self mutableCopy_val_lower_message = 1619;
+  optional self mutableCopy_Val_upper_message = 1620;
+  optional self mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_message = 1621;
+  optional self mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_message = 1622;
+
+  optional Foo mutableCopy_val_lower_enum = 1623;
+  optional Foo mutableCopy_Val_upper_enum = 1624;
+  optional Foo mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum = 1625;
+  optional Foo mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_enum = 1626;
+
+  repeated string mutableCopy_val_lower_complex_repeated = 1711;
+  repeated string mutableCopy_Val_upper_complex_repeated = 1712;
+  repeated string mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 1713;
+  repeated string mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 1714;
+
+  repeated int32 mutableCopy_val_lower_primitive_repeated = 1715;
+  repeated int32 mutableCopy_Val_upper_primitive_repeated = 1716;
+  repeated int32 mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 1717;
+  repeated int32 mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 1718;
+
+  repeated self mutableCopy_val_lower_message_repeated = 1719;
+  repeated self mutableCopy_Val_upper_message_repeated = 1720;
+  repeated self mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_message_repeated = 1721;
+  repeated self mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_message_repeated = 1722;
+
+  repeated Foo mutableCopy_val_lower_enum_repeated = 1723;
+  repeated Foo mutableCopy_Val_upper_enum_repeated = 1724;
+  repeated Foo mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 1725;
+  repeated Foo mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 1726;
+}
+
+message JustToScopeExtensions {
+  extend ObjCRetainedFoo {
+    optional string new_val_lower_complex = 2011;
+    optional string new_Val_upper_complex = 2012;
+    optional string newvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex = 2013;
+    optional string newValue_upper_no_underscore_complex = 2014;
+
+    optional int32 new_val_lower_primitive = 2015;
+    optional int32 new_Val_upper_primitive = 2016;
+    optional int32 newvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive = 2017;
+    optional int32 newValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive = 2018;
+
+    optional self new_val_lower_message = 2019;
+    optional self new_Val_upper_message = 2020;
+    optional self newvalue_lower_no_underscore_message = 2021;
+    optional self newValue_upper_no_underscore_message = 2022;
+
+    optional Foo new_val_lower_enum = 2023;
+    optional Foo new_Val_upper_enum = 2024;
+    optional Foo newvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum = 2025;
+    optional Foo newValue_upper_no_underscore_enum = 2026;
+
+    repeated string new_val_lower_complex_repeated = 2111;
+    repeated string new_Val_upper_complex_repeated = 2112;
+    repeated string newvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 2113;
+    repeated string newValue_upper_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 2114;
+
+    repeated int32 new_val_lower_primitive_repeated = 2115;
+    repeated int32 new_Val_upper_primitive_repeated = 2116;
+    repeated int32 newvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 2117;
+    repeated int32 newValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 2118;
+
+    repeated self new_val_lower_message_repeated = 2119;
+    repeated self new_Val_upper_message_repeated = 2120;
+    repeated self newvalue_lower_no_underscore_message_repeated = 2121;
+    repeated self newValue_upper_no_underscore_message_repeated = 2122;
+
+    repeated Foo new_val_lower_enum_repeated = 2123;
+    repeated Foo new_Val_upper_enum_repeated = 2124;
+    repeated Foo newvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 2125;
+    repeated Foo newValue_upper_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 2126;
+
+    optional string alloc_val_lower_complex = 2211;
+    optional string alloc_Val_upper_complex = 2212;
+    optional string allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex = 2213;
+    optional string allocValue_upper_no_underscore_complex = 2214;
+
+    optional int32 alloc_val_lower_primitive = 2215;
+    optional int32 alloc_Val_upper_primitive = 2216;
+    optional int32 allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive = 2217;
+    optional int32 allocValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive = 2218;
+
+    optional self alloc_val_lower_message = 2219;
+    optional self alloc_Val_upper_message = 2220;
+    optional self allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_message = 2221;
+    optional self allocValue_upper_no_underscore_message = 2222;
+
+    optional Foo alloc_val_lower_enum = 2223;
+    optional Foo alloc_Val_upper_enum = 2224;
+    optional Foo allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum = 2225;
+    optional Foo allocValue_upper_no_underscore_enum = 2226;
+
+    repeated string alloc_val_lower_complex_repeated = 2311;
+    repeated string alloc_Val_upper_complex_repeated = 2312;
+    repeated string allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 2313;
+    repeated string allocValue_upper_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 2314;
+
+    repeated int32 alloc_val_lower_primitive_repeated = 2315;
+    repeated int32 alloc_Val_upper_primitive_repeated = 2316;
+    repeated int32 allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 2317;
+    repeated int32 allocValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 2318;
+
+    repeated self alloc_val_lower_message_repeated = 2319;
+    repeated self alloc_Val_upper_message_repeated = 2320;
+    repeated self allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_message_repeated = 2321;
+    repeated self allocValue_upper_no_underscore_message_repeated = 2322;
+
+    repeated Foo alloc_val_lower_enum_repeated = 2323;
+    repeated Foo alloc_Val_upper_enum_repeated = 2324;
+    repeated Foo allocvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 2325;
+    repeated Foo allocValue_upper_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 2326;
+
+    optional string copy_val_lower_complex = 2411;
+    optional string copy_Val_upper_complex = 2412;
+    optional string copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex = 2413;
+    optional string copyValue_upper_no_underscore_complex = 2414;
+
+    optional int32 copy_val_lower_primitive = 2415;
+    optional int32 copy_Val_upper_primitive = 2416;
+    optional int32 copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive = 2417;
+    optional int32 copyValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive = 2418;
+
+    optional self copy_val_lower_message = 2419;
+    optional self copy_Val_upper_message = 2420;
+    optional self copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_message = 2421;
+    optional self copyValue_upper_no_underscore_message = 2422;
+
+    optional Foo copy_val_lower_enum = 2423;
+    optional Foo copy_Val_upper_enum = 2424;
+    optional Foo copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum = 2425;
+    optional Foo copyValue_upper_no_underscore_enum = 2426;
+
+    repeated string copy_val_lower_complex_repeated = 2511;
+    repeated string copy_Val_upper_complex_repeated = 2512;
+    repeated string copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 2513;
+    repeated string copyValue_upper_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 2514;
+
+    repeated int32 copy_val_lower_primitive_repeated = 2515;
+    repeated int32 copy_Val_upper_primitive_repeated = 2516;
+    repeated int32 copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 2517;
+    repeated int32 copyValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 2518;
+
+    repeated self copy_val_lower_message_repeated = 2519;
+    repeated self copy_Val_upper_message_repeated = 2520;
+    repeated self copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_message_repeated = 2521;
+    repeated self copyValue_upper_no_underscore_message_repeated = 2522;
+
+    repeated Foo copy_val_lower_enum_repeated = 2523;
+    repeated Foo copy_Val_upper_enum_repeated = 2524;
+    repeated Foo copyvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 2525;
+    repeated Foo copyValue_upper_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 2526;
+
+    optional string mutableCopy_val_lower_complex = 2611;
+    optional string mutableCopy_Val_upper_complex = 2612;
+    optional string mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex = 2613;
+    optional string mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_complex = 2614;
+
+    optional int32 mutableCopy_val_lower_primitive = 2615;
+    optional int32 mutableCopy_Val_upper_primitive = 2616;
+    optional int32 mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive = 2617;
+    optional int32 mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive = 2618;
+
+    optional self mutableCopy_val_lower_message = 2619;
+    optional self mutableCopy_Val_upper_message = 2620;
+    optional self mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_message = 2621;
+    optional self mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_message = 2622;
+
+    optional Foo mutableCopy_val_lower_enum = 2623;
+    optional Foo mutableCopy_Val_upper_enum = 2624;
+    optional Foo mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum = 2625;
+    optional Foo mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_enum = 2626;
+
+    repeated string mutableCopy_val_lower_complex_repeated = 2711;
+    repeated string mutableCopy_Val_upper_complex_repeated = 2712;
+    repeated string mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 2713;
+    repeated string mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_complex_repeated = 2714;
+
+    repeated int32 mutableCopy_val_lower_primitive_repeated = 2715;
+    repeated int32 mutableCopy_Val_upper_primitive_repeated = 2716;
+    repeated int32 mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 2717;
+    repeated int32 mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_primitive_repeated = 2718;
+
+    repeated self mutableCopy_val_lower_message_repeated = 2719;
+    repeated self mutableCopy_Val_upper_message_repeated = 2720;
+    repeated self mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_message_repeated = 2721;
+    repeated self mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_message_repeated = 2722;
+
+    repeated Foo mutableCopy_val_lower_enum_repeated = 2723;
+    repeated Foo mutableCopy_Val_upper_enum_repeated = 2724;
+    repeated Foo mutableCopyvalue_lower_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 2725;
+    repeated Foo mutableCopyValue_upper_no_underscore_enum_repeated = 2726;
+  }
+}
+
+// Test handling of fields that are the retained names.
+message ObjCRetainedComplex {
+  optional string new = 1;
+  optional string alloc = 2;
+  optional string copy = 3;
+  optional string mutableCopy = 4;
+}
+
+message ObjCRetainedComplexRepeated {
+  repeated string new = 1;
+  repeated string alloc = 2;
+  repeated string copy = 3;
+  repeated string mutableCopy = 4;
+}
+
+message ObjCRetainedPrimitive {
+  optional int32 new = 1;
+  optional int32 alloc = 2;
+  optional int32 copy = 3;
+  optional int32 mutableCopy = 4;
+}
+
+message ObjCRetainedPrimitiveRepeated {
+  repeated int32 new = 1;
+  repeated int32 alloc = 2;
+  repeated int32 copy = 3;
+  repeated int32 mutableCopy = 4;
+}
+
+message ObjCRetainedMessage {
+  optional self new = 1;
+  optional self alloc = 2;
+  optional self copy = 3;
+  optional self mutableCopy = 4;
+}
+
+message ObjCRetainedMessageRepeated {
+  repeated self new = 1;
+  repeated self alloc = 2;
+  repeated self copy = 3;
+  repeated self mutableCopy = 4;
+}
+
+// Test Handling some MacTypes
+message Point {
+  message Rect {
+    optional int32 TimeValue = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+// Test some weird defaults that we see in protos.
+message ObjcWeirdDefaults {
+  // Set default values that match the protocol buffer defined defaults to
+  // confirm hasDefault and the default values are set correctly.
+  optional string foo = 1 [default = ""];
+  optional bytes bar = 2 [default = ""];
+}
+
+// Used to confirm negative enum values work as expected.
+message EnumTestMsg {
+  enum MyEnum {
+    ZERO    = 0;
+    ONE     = 1;
+    TWO     = 2;
+    NEG_ONE = -1;
+    NEG_TWO = -2;
+  }
+  optional MyEnum foo = 1;
+  optional MyEnum bar = 2 [default = ONE];
+  optional MyEnum baz = 3 [default = NEG_ONE];
+
+  repeated MyEnum mumble = 4;
+}
+
+// Test case for https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/1453
+// Message with no explicit defaults, but a non zero default for an enum.
+message MessageWithOneBasedEnum {
+  enum OneBasedEnum {
+    ONE = 1;
+    TWO = 2;
+  }
+  optional OneBasedEnum enum_field = 1;
+}
+
+// Message with all bools for testing things related to bool storage.
+message BoolOnlyMessage {
+  optional bool bool_field_1 = 1;
+  optional bool bool_field_2 = 2;
+  optional bool bool_field_3 = 3;
+  optional bool bool_field_4 = 4;
+  optional bool bool_field_5 = 5;
+  optional bool bool_field_6 = 6;
+  optional bool bool_field_7 = 7;
+  optional bool bool_field_8 = 8;
+  optional bool bool_field_9 = 9;
+  optional bool bool_field_10 = 10;
+  optional bool bool_field_11 = 11;
+  optional bool bool_field_12 = 12;
+  optional bool bool_field_13 = 13;
+  optional bool bool_field_14 = 14;
+  optional bool bool_field_15 = 15;
+  optional bool bool_field_16 = 16;
+  optional bool bool_field_17 = 17;
+  optional bool bool_field_18 = 18;
+  optional bool bool_field_19 = 19;
+  optional bool bool_field_20 = 20;
+  optional bool bool_field_21 = 21;
+  optional bool bool_field_22 = 22;
+  optional bool bool_field_23 = 23;
+  optional bool bool_field_24 = 24;
+  optional bool bool_field_25 = 25;
+  optional bool bool_field_26 = 26;
+  optional bool bool_field_27 = 27;
+  optional bool bool_field_28 = 28;
+  optional bool bool_field_29 = 29;
+  optional bool bool_field_30 = 30;
+  optional bool bool_field_31 = 31;
+  optional bool bool_field_32 = 32;
+}
+
+// Reference to a WKT to test (via generated code inspection), the handling
+// of #imports.  Within the WKTs, references to each other are just path
+// based imports, but when reference from another proto file, they should be
+// conditional to support the framework import style.
+message WKTRefereceMessage {
+  optional google.protobuf.Any an_any = 1;
+}
+
+// This is in part a compile test, it ensures that when aliases end up with
+// the same ObjC name, we drop them to avoid the duplication names. There
+// is a test to ensure the descriptors are still generated to support
+// reflection and TextFormat.
+enum TestEnumObjCNameCollision {
+  option allow_alias = true;
+
+  FOO = 1;
+  foo = 1;
+
+  BAR = 2;
+  mumble = 2;
+  MUMBLE = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc_options.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc_options.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6129b854e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc_options.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_objc_unittest;
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPBTEST";
+
+// Verify that enum types and values get the prefix.
+message TestObjcProtoPrefixMessage {
+}
+
+// Verify that messages that don't already have the prefix get a prefix.
+enum TestObjcProtoPrefixEnum {
+  value = 1;
+}
+
+// Verify that messages that already have a prefix aren't prefixed twice.
+message GPBTESTTestHasAPrefixMessage {
+}
+
+// Verify that enums that already have a prefix aren't prefixed twice.
+enum GPBTESTTestHasAPrefixEnum {
+  valueB = 1;
+}
+
+// Verify that classes that have the prefix followed by a lowercase
+// letter DO get the prefix.
+message GPBTESTshouldGetAPrefixMessage {
+}
+
+// Verify that classes named the same as prefixes are prefixed.
+message GPBTEST {
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc_startup.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc_startup.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aee7bd556
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc_startup.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_objc_unittest;
+
+message TestObjCStartupMessage {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestObjCStartupMessage {
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32_extension    = 1;
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32_extension    = 2;
+}
+
+message TestObjCStartupNested {
+  extend TestObjCStartupMessage {
+    optional string nested_string_extension = 3;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_runtime_proto2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_runtime_proto2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed835020a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_runtime_proto2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+message Message2 {
+  enum Enum {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+    EXTRA_2 = 20;
+  }
+
+  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+  optional Message2  optional_message = 18;
+  optional Enum         optional_enum = 19;
+
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+  repeated Message2 repeated_message  = 48;
+  repeated Enum     repeated_enum     = 49;
+
+  oneof o {
+       int32 oneof_int32    = 51 [default = 100];
+       int64 oneof_int64    = 52 [default = 101];
+      uint32 oneof_uint32   = 53 [default = 102];
+      uint64 oneof_uint64   = 54 [default = 103];
+      sint32 oneof_sint32   = 55 [default = 104];
+      sint64 oneof_sint64   = 56 [default = 105];
+     fixed32 oneof_fixed32  = 57 [default = 106];
+     fixed64 oneof_fixed64  = 58 [default = 107];
+    sfixed32 oneof_sfixed32 = 59 [default = 108];
+    sfixed64 oneof_sfixed64 = 60 [default = 109];
+       float oneof_float    = 61 [default = 110];
+      double oneof_double   = 62 [default = 111];
+        bool oneof_bool     = 63 [default = true];
+      string oneof_string   = 64 [default = "string"];
+       bytes oneof_bytes    = 65 [default = "data"];
+       group OneofGroup     = 66 {
+         optional int32 a = 67;
+         optional int32 b = 167;
+       }
+     Message2 oneof_message = 68;
+     Enum        oneof_enum = 69 [default = BAZ];
+  }
+
+  // Some token map cases, too many combinations to list them all.
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 70;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 71;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 72;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 73;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 74;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 75;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 76;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 77;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 78;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 79;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 80;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 81;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 82;
+  map<string  , string  > map_string_string     = 83;
+  map<string  , bytes   > map_string_bytes      = 84;
+  map<string  , Message2> map_string_message    = 85;
+  map<int32   , bytes   > map_int32_bytes       = 86;
+  map<int32   , Enum    > map_int32_enum        = 87;
+  map<int32   , Message2> map_int32_message     = 88;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_runtime_proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_runtime_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad2e3620d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/Tests/unittest_runtime_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+message Message3 {
+  enum Enum {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+    EXTRA_3 = 30;
+  }
+
+     int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+     int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+    uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+    uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+    sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+    sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+   fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+   fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+     float optional_float    = 11;
+    double optional_double   = 12;
+      bool optional_bool     = 13;
+    string optional_string   = 14;
+     bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+  // No 'group' in proto3.
+  Message3 optional_message  = 18;
+      Enum optional_enum     = 19;
+
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+  // No 'group' in proto3.
+  repeated Message3 repeated_message  = 48;
+  repeated     Enum repeated_enum     = 49;
+
+  oneof o {
+       int32 oneof_int32    = 51;
+       int64 oneof_int64    = 52;
+      uint32 oneof_uint32   = 53;
+      uint64 oneof_uint64   = 54;
+      sint32 oneof_sint32   = 55;
+      sint64 oneof_sint64   = 56;
+     fixed32 oneof_fixed32  = 57;
+     fixed64 oneof_fixed64  = 58;
+    sfixed32 oneof_sfixed32 = 59;
+    sfixed64 oneof_sfixed64 = 60;
+       float oneof_float    = 61;
+      double oneof_double   = 62;
+        bool oneof_bool     = 63;
+      string oneof_string   = 64;
+       bytes oneof_bytes    = 65;
+    // No 'group' in proto3.
+    Message3 oneof_message  = 68;
+        Enum oneof_enum     = 69;
+  }
+
+  // Some token map cases, too many combinations to list them all.
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 70;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 71;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 72;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 73;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 74;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 75;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 76;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 77;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 78;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 79;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 80;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 81;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 82;
+  map<string  , string  > map_string_string     = 83;
+  map<string  , bytes   > map_string_bytes      = 84;
+  map<string  , Message3> map_string_message    = 85;
+  map<int32   , bytes   > map_int32_bytes       = 86;
+  map<int32   , Enum    > map_int32_enum        = 87;
+  map<int32   , Message3> map_int32_message     = 88;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/generate_well_known_types.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/generate_well_known_types.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..36c346031
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/generate_well_known_types.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Run this script to regenerate *.pbobjc.{h,m} for the well known types after
+# the protocol compiler changes.
+
+# HINT:  Flags passed to generate_well_known_types.sh will be passed directly
+#   to make when building protoc.  This is particularly useful for passing
+#   -j4 to run 4 jobs simultaneously.
+
+set -eu
+
+readonly ScriptDir=$(dirname "$(echo $0 | sed -e "s,^\([^/]\),$(pwd)/\1,")")
+readonly ProtoRootDir="${ScriptDir}/.."
+
+# Flag for continuous integration to check that everything is current.
+CHECK_ONLY=0
+if [[ $# -ge 1 && ( "$1" == "--check-only" ) ]] ; then
+  CHECK_ONLY=1
+  shift
+fi
+
+pushd "${ProtoRootDir}" > /dev/null
+
+if test ! -e src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h; then
+  cat >&2 << __EOF__
+Could not find source code.  Make sure you are running this script from the
+root of the distribution tree.
+__EOF__
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if test ! -e src/Makefile; then
+  cat >&2 << __EOF__
+Could not find src/Makefile.  You must run ./configure (and perhaps
+./autogen.sh) first.
+__EOF__
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# Make sure the compiler is current.
+cd src
+make $@ protoc
+
+declare -a RUNTIME_PROTO_FILES=( \
+  google/protobuf/any.proto \
+  google/protobuf/api.proto \
+  google/protobuf/duration.proto \
+  google/protobuf/empty.proto \
+  google/protobuf/field_mask.proto \
+  google/protobuf/source_context.proto \
+  google/protobuf/struct.proto \
+  google/protobuf/timestamp.proto \
+  google/protobuf/type.proto \
+  google/protobuf/wrappers.proto)
+
+# Generate to a temp directory to see if they match.
+TMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
+trap "rm -rf ${TMP_DIR}" EXIT
+./protoc --objc_out="${TMP_DIR}" ${RUNTIME_PROTO_FILES[@]}
+set +e
+diff -r "${TMP_DIR}/google" "${ProtoRootDir}/objectivec/google" > /dev/null
+if [[ $? -eq 0 ]] ; then
+  echo "Generated source for WellKnownTypes is current."
+  exit 0
+fi
+set -e
+
+# If check only mode, error out.
+if [[ "${CHECK_ONLY}" == 1 ]] ; then
+  echo "ERROR: The WKTs need to be regenerated! Run $0"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# Copy them over.
+echo "Copying over updated WellKnownType sources."
+cp -r "${TMP_DIR}/google/." "${ProtoRootDir}/objectivec/google/"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f22c8c5d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/any.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBDescriptor.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBMessage.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBRootObject.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+ #import "GPBMessage.h"
+ #import "GPBRootObject.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION < 30002
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+#if 30002 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+#pragma mark - GPBAnyRoot
+
+/**
+ * Exposes the extension registry for this file.
+ *
+ * The base class provides:
+ * @code
+ *   + (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+ * @endcode
+ * which is a @c GPBExtensionRegistry that includes all the extensions defined by
+ * this file and all files that it depends on.
+ **/
+@interface GPBAnyRoot : GPBRootObject
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBAny
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBAny_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBAny_FieldNumber_TypeURL = 1,
+  GPBAny_FieldNumber_Value = 2,
+};
+
+/**
+ * `Any` contains an arbitrary serialized protocol buffer message along with a
+ * URL that describes the type of the serialized message.
+ *
+ * Protobuf library provides support to pack/unpack Any values in the form
+ * of utility functions or additional generated methods of the Any type.
+ *
+ * Example 1: Pack and unpack a message in C++.
+ *
+ *     Foo foo = ...;
+ *     Any any;
+ *     any.PackFrom(foo);
+ *     ...
+ *     if (any.UnpackTo(&foo)) {
+ *       ...
+ *     }
+ *
+ * Example 2: Pack and unpack a message in Java.
+ *
+ *     Foo foo = ...;
+ *     Any any = Any.pack(foo);
+ *     ...
+ *     if (any.is(Foo.class)) {
+ *       foo = any.unpack(Foo.class);
+ *     }
+ *
+ *  Example 3: Pack and unpack a message in Python.
+ *
+ *     foo = Foo(...)
+ *     any = Any()
+ *     any.Pack(foo)
+ *     ...
+ *     if any.Is(Foo.DESCRIPTOR):
+ *       any.Unpack(foo)
+ *       ...
+ *
+ *  Example 4: Pack and unpack a message in Go
+ *
+ *      foo := &pb.Foo{...}
+ *      any, err := ptypes.MarshalAny(foo)
+ *      ...
+ *      foo := &pb.Foo{}
+ *      if err := ptypes.UnmarshalAny(any, foo); err != nil {
+ *        ...
+ *      }
+ *
+ * The pack methods provided by protobuf library will by default use
+ * 'type.googleapis.com/full.type.name' as the type URL and the unpack
+ * methods only use the fully qualified type name after the last '/'
+ * in the type URL, for example "foo.bar.com/x/y.z" will yield type
+ * name "y.z".
+ *
+ *
+ * JSON
+ * ====
+ * The JSON representation of an `Any` value uses the regular
+ * representation of the deserialized, embedded message, with an
+ * additional field `\@type` which contains the type URL. Example:
+ *
+ *     package google.profile;
+ *     message Person {
+ *       string first_name = 1;
+ *       string last_name = 2;
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     {
+ *       "\@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.profile.Person",
+ *       "firstName": <string>,
+ *       "lastName": <string>
+ *     }
+ *
+ * If the embedded message type is well-known and has a custom JSON
+ * representation, that representation will be embedded adding a field
+ * `value` which holds the custom JSON in addition to the `\@type`
+ * field. Example (for message [google.protobuf.Duration][]):
+ *
+ *     {
+ *       "\@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration",
+ *       "value": "1.212s"
+ *     }
+ **/
+@interface GPBAny : GPBMessage
+
+/**
+ * A URL/resource name that uniquely identifies the type of the serialized
+ * protocol buffer message. This string must contain at least
+ * one "/" character. The last segment of the URL's path must represent
+ * the fully qualified name of the type (as in
+ * `path/google.protobuf.Duration`). The name should be in a canonical form
+ * (e.g., leading "." is not accepted).
+ *
+ * In practice, teams usually precompile into the binary all types that they
+ * expect it to use in the context of Any. However, for URLs which use the
+ * scheme `http`, `https`, or no scheme, one can optionally set up a type
+ * server that maps type URLs to message definitions as follows:
+ *
+ * * If no scheme is provided, `https` is assumed.
+ * * An HTTP GET on the URL must yield a [google.protobuf.Type][]
+ *   value in binary format, or produce an error.
+ * * Applications are allowed to cache lookup results based on the
+ *   URL, or have them precompiled into a binary to avoid any
+ *   lookup. Therefore, binary compatibility needs to be preserved
+ *   on changes to types. (Use versioned type names to manage
+ *   breaking changes.)
+ *
+ * Note: this functionality is not currently available in the official
+ * protobuf release, and it is not used for type URLs beginning with
+ * type.googleapis.com.
+ *
+ * Schemes other than `http`, `https` (or the empty scheme) might be
+ * used with implementation specific semantics.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *typeURL;
+
+/** Must be a valid serialized protocol buffer of the above specified type. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSData *value;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1e815fd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.m
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/any.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/Any.pbobjc.h>
+#else
+ #import "google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.h"
+#endif
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+#pragma mark - GPBAnyRoot
+
+@implementation GPBAnyRoot
+
+// No extensions in the file and no imports, so no need to generate
+// +extensionRegistry.
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBAnyRoot_FileDescriptor
+
+static GPBFileDescriptor *GPBAnyRoot_FileDescriptor(void) {
+  // This is called by +initialize so there is no need to worry
+  // about thread safety of the singleton.
+  static GPBFileDescriptor *descriptor = NULL;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    GPB_DEBUG_CHECK_RUNTIME_VERSIONS();
+    descriptor = [[GPBFileDescriptor alloc] initWithPackage:@"google.protobuf"
+                                                 objcPrefix:@"GPB"
+                                                     syntax:GPBFileSyntaxProto3];
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBAny
+
+@implementation GPBAny
+
+@dynamic typeURL;
+@dynamic value;
+
+typedef struct GPBAny__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  NSString *typeURL;
+  NSData *value;
+} GPBAny__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "typeURL",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBAny_FieldNumber_TypeURL,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBAny__storage_, typeURL),
+        .flags = (GPBFieldFlags)(GPBFieldOptional | GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom),
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "value",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBAny_FieldNumber_Value,
+        .hasIndex = 1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBAny__storage_, value),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeBytes,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBAny class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBAnyRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBAnyRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBAny__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+#if !GPBOBJC_SKIP_MESSAGE_TEXTFORMAT_EXTRAS
+    static const char *extraTextFormatInfo =
+        "\001\001\004\241!!\000";
+    [localDescriptor setupExtraTextInfo:extraTextFormatInfo];
+#endif  // !GPBOBJC_SKIP_MESSAGE_TEXTFORMAT_EXTRAS
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Api.pbobjc.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Api.pbobjc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99acd04dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Api.pbobjc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/api.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBDescriptor.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBMessage.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBRootObject.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+ #import "GPBMessage.h"
+ #import "GPBRootObject.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION < 30002
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+#if 30002 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+@class GPBMethod;
+@class GPBMixin;
+@class GPBOption;
+@class GPBSourceContext;
+GPB_ENUM_FWD_DECLARE(GPBSyntax);
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+#pragma mark - GPBApiRoot
+
+/**
+ * Exposes the extension registry for this file.
+ *
+ * The base class provides:
+ * @code
+ *   + (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+ * @endcode
+ * which is a @c GPBExtensionRegistry that includes all the extensions defined by
+ * this file and all files that it depends on.
+ **/
+@interface GPBApiRoot : GPBRootObject
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBApi
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBApi_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBApi_FieldNumber_Name = 1,
+  GPBApi_FieldNumber_MethodsArray = 2,
+  GPBApi_FieldNumber_OptionsArray = 3,
+  GPBApi_FieldNumber_Version = 4,
+  GPBApi_FieldNumber_SourceContext = 5,
+  GPBApi_FieldNumber_MixinsArray = 6,
+  GPBApi_FieldNumber_Syntax = 7,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Api is a light-weight descriptor for an API Interface.
+ *
+ * Interfaces are also described as "protocol buffer services" in some contexts,
+ * such as by the "service" keyword in a .proto file, but they are different
+ * from API Services, which represent a concrete implementation of an interface
+ * as opposed to simply a description of methods and bindings. They are also
+ * sometimes simply referred to as "APIs" in other contexts, such as the name of
+ * this message itself. See https://cloud.google.com/apis/design/glossary for
+ * detailed terminology.
+ **/
+@interface GPBApi : GPBMessage
+
+/**
+ * The fully qualified name of this interface, including package name
+ * followed by the interface's simple name.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *name;
+
+/** The methods of this interface, in unspecified order. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) NSMutableArray<GPBMethod*> *methodsArray;
+/** The number of items in @c methodsArray without causing the array to be created. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger methodsArray_Count;
+
+/** Any metadata attached to the interface. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) NSMutableArray<GPBOption*> *optionsArray;
+/** The number of items in @c optionsArray without causing the array to be created. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger optionsArray_Count;
+
+/**
+ * A version string for this interface. If specified, must have the form
+ * `major-version.minor-version`, as in `1.10`. If the minor version is
+ * omitted, it defaults to zero. If the entire version field is empty, the
+ * major version is derived from the package name, as outlined below. If the
+ * field is not empty, the version in the package name will be verified to be
+ * consistent with what is provided here.
+ *
+ * The versioning schema uses [semantic
+ * versioning](http://semver.org) where the major version number
+ * indicates a breaking change and the minor version an additive,
+ * non-breaking change. Both version numbers are signals to users
+ * what to expect from different versions, and should be carefully
+ * chosen based on the product plan.
+ *
+ * The major version is also reflected in the package name of the
+ * interface, which must end in `v<major-version>`, as in
+ * `google.feature.v1`. For major versions 0 and 1, the suffix can
+ * be omitted. Zero major versions must only be used for
+ * experimental, non-GA interfaces.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *version;
+
+/**
+ * Source context for the protocol buffer service represented by this
+ * message.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) GPBSourceContext *sourceContext;
+/** Test to see if @c sourceContext has been set. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) BOOL hasSourceContext;
+
+/** Included interfaces. See [Mixin][]. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) NSMutableArray<GPBMixin*> *mixinsArray;
+/** The number of items in @c mixinsArray without causing the array to be created. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger mixinsArray_Count;
+
+/** The source syntax of the service. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) enum GPBSyntax syntax;
+
+@end
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the raw value of a @c GPBApi's @c syntax property, even
+ * if the value was not defined by the enum at the time the code was generated.
+ **/
+int32_t GPBApi_Syntax_RawValue(GPBApi *message);
+/**
+ * Sets the raw value of an @c GPBApi's @c syntax property, allowing
+ * it to be set to a value that was not defined by the enum at the time the code
+ * was generated.
+ **/
+void SetGPBApi_Syntax_RawValue(GPBApi *message, int32_t value);
+
+#pragma mark - GPBMethod
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBMethod_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBMethod_FieldNumber_Name = 1,
+  GPBMethod_FieldNumber_RequestTypeURL = 2,
+  GPBMethod_FieldNumber_RequestStreaming = 3,
+  GPBMethod_FieldNumber_ResponseTypeURL = 4,
+  GPBMethod_FieldNumber_ResponseStreaming = 5,
+  GPBMethod_FieldNumber_OptionsArray = 6,
+  GPBMethod_FieldNumber_Syntax = 7,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Method represents a method of an API interface.
+ **/
+@interface GPBMethod : GPBMessage
+
+/** The simple name of this method. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *name;
+
+/** A URL of the input message type. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *requestTypeURL;
+
+/** If true, the request is streamed. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) BOOL requestStreaming;
+
+/** The URL of the output message type. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *responseTypeURL;
+
+/** If true, the response is streamed. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) BOOL responseStreaming;
+
+/** Any metadata attached to the method. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) NSMutableArray<GPBOption*> *optionsArray;
+/** The number of items in @c optionsArray without causing the array to be created. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger optionsArray_Count;
+
+/** The source syntax of this method. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) enum GPBSyntax syntax;
+
+@end
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the raw value of a @c GPBMethod's @c syntax property, even
+ * if the value was not defined by the enum at the time the code was generated.
+ **/
+int32_t GPBMethod_Syntax_RawValue(GPBMethod *message);
+/**
+ * Sets the raw value of an @c GPBMethod's @c syntax property, allowing
+ * it to be set to a value that was not defined by the enum at the time the code
+ * was generated.
+ **/
+void SetGPBMethod_Syntax_RawValue(GPBMethod *message, int32_t value);
+
+#pragma mark - GPBMixin
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBMixin_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBMixin_FieldNumber_Name = 1,
+  GPBMixin_FieldNumber_Root = 2,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Declares an API Interface to be included in this interface. The including
+ * interface must redeclare all the methods from the included interface, but
+ * documentation and options are inherited as follows:
+ *
+ * - If after comment and whitespace stripping, the documentation
+ *   string of the redeclared method is empty, it will be inherited
+ *   from the original method.
+ *
+ * - Each annotation belonging to the service config (http,
+ *   visibility) which is not set in the redeclared method will be
+ *   inherited.
+ *
+ * - If an http annotation is inherited, the path pattern will be
+ *   modified as follows. Any version prefix will be replaced by the
+ *   version of the including interface plus the [root][] path if
+ *   specified.
+ *
+ * Example of a simple mixin:
+ *
+ *     package google.acl.v1;
+ *     service AccessControl {
+ *       // Get the underlying ACL object.
+ *       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl) {
+ *         option (google.api.http).get = "/v1/{resource=**}:getAcl";
+ *       }
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     package google.storage.v2;
+ *     service Storage {
+ *       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl);
+ *
+ *       // Get a data record.
+ *       rpc GetData(GetDataRequest) returns (Data) {
+ *         option (google.api.http).get = "/v2/{resource=**}";
+ *       }
+ *     }
+ *
+ * Example of a mixin configuration:
+ *
+ *     apis:
+ *     - name: google.storage.v2.Storage
+ *       mixins:
+ *       - name: google.acl.v1.AccessControl
+ *
+ * The mixin construct implies that all methods in `AccessControl` are
+ * also declared with same name and request/response types in
+ * `Storage`. A documentation generator or annotation processor will
+ * see the effective `Storage.GetAcl` method after inherting
+ * documentation and annotations as follows:
+ *
+ *     service Storage {
+ *       // Get the underlying ACL object.
+ *       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl) {
+ *         option (google.api.http).get = "/v2/{resource=**}:getAcl";
+ *       }
+ *       ...
+ *     }
+ *
+ * Note how the version in the path pattern changed from `v1` to `v2`.
+ *
+ * If the `root` field in the mixin is specified, it should be a
+ * relative path under which inherited HTTP paths are placed. Example:
+ *
+ *     apis:
+ *     - name: google.storage.v2.Storage
+ *       mixins:
+ *       - name: google.acl.v1.AccessControl
+ *         root: acls
+ *
+ * This implies the following inherited HTTP annotation:
+ *
+ *     service Storage {
+ *       // Get the underlying ACL object.
+ *       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl) {
+ *         option (google.api.http).get = "/v2/acls/{resource=**}:getAcl";
+ *       }
+ *       ...
+ *     }
+ **/
+@interface GPBMixin : GPBMessage
+
+/** The fully qualified name of the interface which is included. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *name;
+
+/**
+ * If non-empty specifies a path under which inherited HTTP paths
+ * are rooted.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *root;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Api.pbobjc.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Api.pbobjc.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..410239996
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Api.pbobjc.m
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/api.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/Api.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/Type.pbobjc.h>
+#else
+ #import "google/protobuf/Api.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.h"
+#endif
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+#pragma mark - GPBApiRoot
+
+@implementation GPBApiRoot
+
+// No extensions in the file and none of the imports (direct or indirect)
+// defined extensions, so no need to generate +extensionRegistry.
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBApiRoot_FileDescriptor
+
+static GPBFileDescriptor *GPBApiRoot_FileDescriptor(void) {
+  // This is called by +initialize so there is no need to worry
+  // about thread safety of the singleton.
+  static GPBFileDescriptor *descriptor = NULL;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    GPB_DEBUG_CHECK_RUNTIME_VERSIONS();
+    descriptor = [[GPBFileDescriptor alloc] initWithPackage:@"google.protobuf"
+                                                 objcPrefix:@"GPB"
+                                                     syntax:GPBFileSyntaxProto3];
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBApi
+
+@implementation GPBApi
+
+@dynamic name;
+@dynamic methodsArray, methodsArray_Count;
+@dynamic optionsArray, optionsArray_Count;
+@dynamic version;
+@dynamic hasSourceContext, sourceContext;
+@dynamic mixinsArray, mixinsArray_Count;
+@dynamic syntax;
+
+typedef struct GPBApi__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  GPBSyntax syntax;
+  NSString *name;
+  NSMutableArray *methodsArray;
+  NSMutableArray *optionsArray;
+  NSString *version;
+  GPBSourceContext *sourceContext;
+  NSMutableArray *mixinsArray;
+} GPBApi__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "name",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBApi_FieldNumber_Name,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBApi__storage_, name),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "methodsArray",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBMethod),
+        .number = GPBApi_FieldNumber_MethodsArray,
+        .hasIndex = GPBNoHasBit,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBApi__storage_, methodsArray),
+        .flags = GPBFieldRepeated,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "optionsArray",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBOption),
+        .number = GPBApi_FieldNumber_OptionsArray,
+        .hasIndex = GPBNoHasBit,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBApi__storage_, optionsArray),
+        .flags = GPBFieldRepeated,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "version",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBApi_FieldNumber_Version,
+        .hasIndex = 1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBApi__storage_, version),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "sourceContext",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBSourceContext),
+        .number = GPBApi_FieldNumber_SourceContext,
+        .hasIndex = 2,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBApi__storage_, sourceContext),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "mixinsArray",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBMixin),
+        .number = GPBApi_FieldNumber_MixinsArray,
+        .hasIndex = GPBNoHasBit,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBApi__storage_, mixinsArray),
+        .flags = GPBFieldRepeated,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "syntax",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.enumDescFunc = GPBSyntax_EnumDescriptor,
+        .number = GPBApi_FieldNumber_Syntax,
+        .hasIndex = 3,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBApi__storage_, syntax),
+        .flags = (GPBFieldFlags)(GPBFieldOptional | GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor),
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeEnum,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBApi class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBApiRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBApiRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBApi__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+int32_t GPBApi_Syntax_RawValue(GPBApi *message) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [GPBApi descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:GPBApi_FieldNumber_Syntax];
+  return GPBGetMessageInt32Field(message, field);
+}
+
+void SetGPBApi_Syntax_RawValue(GPBApi *message, int32_t value) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [GPBApi descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:GPBApi_FieldNumber_Syntax];
+  GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(message, field, value, descriptor.file.syntax);
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBMethod
+
+@implementation GPBMethod
+
+@dynamic name;
+@dynamic requestTypeURL;
+@dynamic requestStreaming;
+@dynamic responseTypeURL;
+@dynamic responseStreaming;
+@dynamic optionsArray, optionsArray_Count;
+@dynamic syntax;
+
+typedef struct GPBMethod__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  GPBSyntax syntax;
+  NSString *name;
+  NSString *requestTypeURL;
+  NSString *responseTypeURL;
+  NSMutableArray *optionsArray;
+} GPBMethod__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "name",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBMethod_FieldNumber_Name,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBMethod__storage_, name),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "requestTypeURL",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBMethod_FieldNumber_RequestTypeURL,
+        .hasIndex = 1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBMethod__storage_, requestTypeURL),
+        .flags = (GPBFieldFlags)(GPBFieldOptional | GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom),
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "requestStreaming",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBMethod_FieldNumber_RequestStreaming,
+        .hasIndex = 2,
+        .offset = 3,  // Stored in _has_storage_ to save space.
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeBool,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "responseTypeURL",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBMethod_FieldNumber_ResponseTypeURL,
+        .hasIndex = 4,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBMethod__storage_, responseTypeURL),
+        .flags = (GPBFieldFlags)(GPBFieldOptional | GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom),
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "responseStreaming",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBMethod_FieldNumber_ResponseStreaming,
+        .hasIndex = 5,
+        .offset = 6,  // Stored in _has_storage_ to save space.
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeBool,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "optionsArray",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBOption),
+        .number = GPBMethod_FieldNumber_OptionsArray,
+        .hasIndex = GPBNoHasBit,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBMethod__storage_, optionsArray),
+        .flags = GPBFieldRepeated,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "syntax",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.enumDescFunc = GPBSyntax_EnumDescriptor,
+        .number = GPBMethod_FieldNumber_Syntax,
+        .hasIndex = 7,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBMethod__storage_, syntax),
+        .flags = (GPBFieldFlags)(GPBFieldOptional | GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor),
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeEnum,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBMethod class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBApiRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBApiRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBMethod__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+#if !GPBOBJC_SKIP_MESSAGE_TEXTFORMAT_EXTRAS
+    static const char *extraTextFormatInfo =
+        "\002\002\007\244\241!!\000\004\010\244\241!!\000";
+    [localDescriptor setupExtraTextInfo:extraTextFormatInfo];
+#endif  // !GPBOBJC_SKIP_MESSAGE_TEXTFORMAT_EXTRAS
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+int32_t GPBMethod_Syntax_RawValue(GPBMethod *message) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [GPBMethod descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:GPBMethod_FieldNumber_Syntax];
+  return GPBGetMessageInt32Field(message, field);
+}
+
+void SetGPBMethod_Syntax_RawValue(GPBMethod *message, int32_t value) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [GPBMethod descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:GPBMethod_FieldNumber_Syntax];
+  GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(message, field, value, descriptor.file.syntax);
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBMixin
+
+@implementation GPBMixin
+
+@dynamic name;
+@dynamic root;
+
+typedef struct GPBMixin__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  NSString *name;
+  NSString *root;
+} GPBMixin__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "name",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBMixin_FieldNumber_Name,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBMixin__storage_, name),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "root",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBMixin_FieldNumber_Root,
+        .hasIndex = 1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBMixin__storage_, root),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBMixin class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBApiRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBApiRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBMixin__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..111a91042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/duration.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBDescriptor.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBMessage.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBRootObject.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+ #import "GPBMessage.h"
+ #import "GPBRootObject.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION < 30002
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+#if 30002 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+#pragma mark - GPBDurationRoot
+
+/**
+ * Exposes the extension registry for this file.
+ *
+ * The base class provides:
+ * @code
+ *   + (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+ * @endcode
+ * which is a @c GPBExtensionRegistry that includes all the extensions defined by
+ * this file and all files that it depends on.
+ **/
+@interface GPBDurationRoot : GPBRootObject
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBDuration
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBDuration_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBDuration_FieldNumber_Seconds = 1,
+  GPBDuration_FieldNumber_Nanos = 2,
+};
+
+/**
+ * A Duration represents a signed, fixed-length span of time represented
+ * as a count of seconds and fractions of seconds at nanosecond
+ * resolution. It is independent of any calendar and concepts like "day"
+ * or "month". It is related to Timestamp in that the difference between
+ * two Timestamp values is a Duration and it can be added or subtracted
+ * from a Timestamp. Range is approximately +-10,000 years.
+ *
+ * # Examples
+ *
+ * Example 1: Compute Duration from two Timestamps in pseudo code.
+ *
+ *     Timestamp start = ...;
+ *     Timestamp end = ...;
+ *     Duration duration = ...;
+ *
+ *     duration.seconds = end.seconds - start.seconds;
+ *     duration.nanos = end.nanos - start.nanos;
+ *
+ *     if (duration.seconds < 0 && duration.nanos > 0) {
+ *       duration.seconds += 1;
+ *       duration.nanos -= 1000000000;
+ *     } else if (duration.seconds > 0 && duration.nanos < 0) {
+ *       duration.seconds -= 1;
+ *       duration.nanos += 1000000000;
+ *     }
+ *
+ * Example 2: Compute Timestamp from Timestamp + Duration in pseudo code.
+ *
+ *     Timestamp start = ...;
+ *     Duration duration = ...;
+ *     Timestamp end = ...;
+ *
+ *     end.seconds = start.seconds + duration.seconds;
+ *     end.nanos = start.nanos + duration.nanos;
+ *
+ *     if (end.nanos < 0) {
+ *       end.seconds -= 1;
+ *       end.nanos += 1000000000;
+ *     } else if (end.nanos >= 1000000000) {
+ *       end.seconds += 1;
+ *       end.nanos -= 1000000000;
+ *     }
+ *
+ * Example 3: Compute Duration from datetime.timedelta in Python.
+ *
+ *     td = datetime.timedelta(days=3, minutes=10)
+ *     duration = Duration()
+ *     duration.FromTimedelta(td)
+ *
+ * # JSON Mapping
+ *
+ * In JSON format, the Duration type is encoded as a string rather than an
+ * object, where the string ends in the suffix "s" (indicating seconds) and
+ * is preceded by the number of seconds, with nanoseconds expressed as
+ * fractional seconds. For example, 3 seconds with 0 nanoseconds should be
+ * encoded in JSON format as "3s", while 3 seconds and 1 nanosecond should
+ * be expressed in JSON format as "3.000000001s", and 3 seconds and 1
+ * microsecond should be expressed in JSON format as "3.000001s".
+ **/
+@interface GPBDuration : GPBMessage
+
+/**
+ * Signed seconds of the span of time. Must be from -315,576,000,000
+ * to +315,576,000,000 inclusive. Note: these bounds are computed from:
+ * 60 sec/min * 60 min/hr * 24 hr/day * 365.25 days/year * 10000 years
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) int64_t seconds;
+
+/**
+ * Signed fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution of the span
+ * of time. Durations less than one second are represented with a 0
+ * `seconds` field and a positive or negative `nanos` field. For durations
+ * of one second or more, a non-zero value for the `nanos` field must be
+ * of the same sign as the `seconds` field. Must be from -999,999,999
+ * to +999,999,999 inclusive.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) int32_t nanos;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b718a12e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.m
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/duration.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h>
+#else
+ #import "google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h"
+#endif
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+#pragma mark - GPBDurationRoot
+
+@implementation GPBDurationRoot
+
+// No extensions in the file and no imports, so no need to generate
+// +extensionRegistry.
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBDurationRoot_FileDescriptor
+
+static GPBFileDescriptor *GPBDurationRoot_FileDescriptor(void) {
+  // This is called by +initialize so there is no need to worry
+  // about thread safety of the singleton.
+  static GPBFileDescriptor *descriptor = NULL;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    GPB_DEBUG_CHECK_RUNTIME_VERSIONS();
+    descriptor = [[GPBFileDescriptor alloc] initWithPackage:@"google.protobuf"
+                                                 objcPrefix:@"GPB"
+                                                     syntax:GPBFileSyntaxProto3];
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBDuration
+
+@implementation GPBDuration
+
+@dynamic seconds;
+@dynamic nanos;
+
+typedef struct GPBDuration__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  int32_t nanos;
+  int64_t seconds;
+} GPBDuration__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "seconds",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBDuration_FieldNumber_Seconds,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBDuration__storage_, seconds),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeInt64,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "nanos",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBDuration_FieldNumber_Nanos,
+        .hasIndex = 1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBDuration__storage_, nanos),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeInt32,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBDuration class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBDurationRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBDurationRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBDuration__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b1e7b4b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/empty.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBDescriptor.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBMessage.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBRootObject.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+ #import "GPBMessage.h"
+ #import "GPBRootObject.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION < 30002
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+#if 30002 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+#pragma mark - GPBEmptyRoot
+
+/**
+ * Exposes the extension registry for this file.
+ *
+ * The base class provides:
+ * @code
+ *   + (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+ * @endcode
+ * which is a @c GPBExtensionRegistry that includes all the extensions defined by
+ * this file and all files that it depends on.
+ **/
+@interface GPBEmptyRoot : GPBRootObject
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBEmpty
+
+/**
+ * A generic empty message that you can re-use to avoid defining duplicated
+ * empty messages in your APIs. A typical example is to use it as the request
+ * or the response type of an API method. For instance:
+ *
+ *     service Foo {
+ *       rpc Bar(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);
+ *     }
+ *
+ * The JSON representation for `Empty` is empty JSON object `{}`.
+ **/
+@interface GPBEmpty : GPBMessage
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4cb0f12c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.m
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/empty.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.h>
+#else
+ #import "google/protobuf/Empty.pbobjc.h"
+#endif
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+#pragma mark - GPBEmptyRoot
+
+@implementation GPBEmptyRoot
+
+// No extensions in the file and no imports, so no need to generate
+// +extensionRegistry.
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBEmptyRoot_FileDescriptor
+
+static GPBFileDescriptor *GPBEmptyRoot_FileDescriptor(void) {
+  // This is called by +initialize so there is no need to worry
+  // about thread safety of the singleton.
+  static GPBFileDescriptor *descriptor = NULL;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    GPB_DEBUG_CHECK_RUNTIME_VERSIONS();
+    descriptor = [[GPBFileDescriptor alloc] initWithPackage:@"google.protobuf"
+                                                 objcPrefix:@"GPB"
+                                                     syntax:GPBFileSyntaxProto3];
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBEmpty
+
+@implementation GPBEmpty
+
+
+typedef struct GPBEmpty__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+} GPBEmpty__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBEmpty class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBEmptyRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBEmptyRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:NULL
+                                    fieldCount:0
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBEmpty__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92d504229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBDescriptor.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBMessage.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBRootObject.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+ #import "GPBMessage.h"
+ #import "GPBRootObject.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION < 30002
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+#if 30002 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+#pragma mark - GPBFieldMaskRoot
+
+/**
+ * Exposes the extension registry for this file.
+ *
+ * The base class provides:
+ * @code
+ *   + (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+ * @endcode
+ * which is a @c GPBExtensionRegistry that includes all the extensions defined by
+ * this file and all files that it depends on.
+ **/
+@interface GPBFieldMaskRoot : GPBRootObject
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBFieldMask
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBFieldMask_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBFieldMask_FieldNumber_PathsArray = 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * `FieldMask` represents a set of symbolic field paths, for example:
+ *
+ *     paths: "f.a"
+ *     paths: "f.b.d"
+ *
+ * Here `f` represents a field in some root message, `a` and `b`
+ * fields in the message found in `f`, and `d` a field found in the
+ * message in `f.b`.
+ *
+ * Field masks are used to specify a subset of fields that should be
+ * returned by a get operation or modified by an update operation.
+ * Field masks also have a custom JSON encoding (see below).
+ *
+ * # Field Masks in Projections
+ *
+ * When used in the context of a projection, a response message or
+ * sub-message is filtered by the API to only contain those fields as
+ * specified in the mask. For example, if the mask in the previous
+ * example is applied to a response message as follows:
+ *
+ *     f {
+ *       a : 22
+ *       b {
+ *         d : 1
+ *         x : 2
+ *       }
+ *       y : 13
+ *     }
+ *     z: 8
+ *
+ * The result will not contain specific values for fields x,y and z
+ * (their value will be set to the default, and omitted in proto text
+ * output):
+ *
+ *
+ *     f {
+ *       a : 22
+ *       b {
+ *         d : 1
+ *       }
+ *     }
+ *
+ * A repeated field is not allowed except at the last position of a
+ * paths string.
+ *
+ * If a FieldMask object is not present in a get operation, the
+ * operation applies to all fields (as if a FieldMask of all fields
+ * had been specified).
+ *
+ * Note that a field mask does not necessarily apply to the
+ * top-level response message. In case of a REST get operation, the
+ * field mask applies directly to the response, but in case of a REST
+ * list operation, the mask instead applies to each individual message
+ * in the returned resource list. In case of a REST custom method,
+ * other definitions may be used. Where the mask applies will be
+ * clearly documented together with its declaration in the API.  In
+ * any case, the effect on the returned resource/resources is required
+ * behavior for APIs.
+ *
+ * # Field Masks in Update Operations
+ *
+ * A field mask in update operations specifies which fields of the
+ * targeted resource are going to be updated. The API is required
+ * to only change the values of the fields as specified in the mask
+ * and leave the others untouched. If a resource is passed in to
+ * describe the updated values, the API ignores the values of all
+ * fields not covered by the mask.
+ *
+ * If a repeated field is specified for an update operation, new values will
+ * be appended to the existing repeated field in the target resource. Note that
+ * a repeated field is only allowed in the last position of a `paths` string.
+ *
+ * If a sub-message is specified in the last position of the field mask for an
+ * update operation, then new value will be merged into the existing sub-message
+ * in the target resource.
+ *
+ * For example, given the target message:
+ *
+ *     f {
+ *       b {
+ *         d: 1
+ *         x: 2
+ *       }
+ *       c: [1]
+ *     }
+ *
+ * And an update message:
+ *
+ *     f {
+ *       b {
+ *         d: 10
+ *       }
+ *       c: [2]
+ *     }
+ *
+ * then if the field mask is:
+ *
+ *  paths: ["f.b", "f.c"]
+ *
+ * then the result will be:
+ *
+ *     f {
+ *       b {
+ *         d: 10
+ *         x: 2
+ *       }
+ *       c: [1, 2]
+ *     }
+ *
+ * An implementation may provide options to override this default behavior for
+ * repeated and message fields.
+ *
+ * In order to reset a field's value to the default, the field must
+ * be in the mask and set to the default value in the provided resource.
+ * Hence, in order to reset all fields of a resource, provide a default
+ * instance of the resource and set all fields in the mask, or do
+ * not provide a mask as described below.
+ *
+ * If a field mask is not present on update, the operation applies to
+ * all fields (as if a field mask of all fields has been specified).
+ * Note that in the presence of schema evolution, this may mean that
+ * fields the client does not know and has therefore not filled into
+ * the request will be reset to their default. If this is unwanted
+ * behavior, a specific service may require a client to always specify
+ * a field mask, producing an error if not.
+ *
+ * As with get operations, the location of the resource which
+ * describes the updated values in the request message depends on the
+ * operation kind. In any case, the effect of the field mask is
+ * required to be honored by the API.
+ *
+ * ## Considerations for HTTP REST
+ *
+ * The HTTP kind of an update operation which uses a field mask must
+ * be set to PATCH instead of PUT in order to satisfy HTTP semantics
+ * (PUT must only be used for full updates).
+ *
+ * # JSON Encoding of Field Masks
+ *
+ * In JSON, a field mask is encoded as a single string where paths are
+ * separated by a comma. Fields name in each path are converted
+ * to/from lower-camel naming conventions.
+ *
+ * As an example, consider the following message declarations:
+ *
+ *     message Profile {
+ *       User user = 1;
+ *       Photo photo = 2;
+ *     }
+ *     message User {
+ *       string display_name = 1;
+ *       string address = 2;
+ *     }
+ *
+ * In proto a field mask for `Profile` may look as such:
+ *
+ *     mask {
+ *       paths: "user.display_name"
+ *       paths: "photo"
+ *     }
+ *
+ * In JSON, the same mask is represented as below:
+ *
+ *     {
+ *       mask: "user.displayName,photo"
+ *     }
+ *
+ * # Field Masks and Oneof Fields
+ *
+ * Field masks treat fields in oneofs just as regular fields. Consider the
+ * following message:
+ *
+ *     message SampleMessage {
+ *       oneof test_oneof {
+ *         string name = 4;
+ *         SubMessage sub_message = 9;
+ *       }
+ *     }
+ *
+ * The field mask can be:
+ *
+ *     mask {
+ *       paths: "name"
+ *     }
+ *
+ * Or:
+ *
+ *     mask {
+ *       paths: "sub_message"
+ *     }
+ *
+ * Note that oneof type names ("test_oneof" in this case) cannot be used in
+ * paths.
+ *
+ * ## Field Mask Verification
+ *
+ * The implementation of any API method which has a FieldMask type field in the
+ * request should verify the included field paths, and return an
+ * `INVALID_ARGUMENT` error if any path is unmappable.
+ **/
+@interface GPBFieldMask : GPBMessage
+
+/** The set of field mask paths. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) NSMutableArray<NSString*> *pathsArray;
+/** The number of items in @c pathsArray without causing the array to be created. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger pathsArray_Count;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e6b2eef7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.m
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.h>
+#else
+ #import "google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.h"
+#endif
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+#pragma mark - GPBFieldMaskRoot
+
+@implementation GPBFieldMaskRoot
+
+// No extensions in the file and no imports, so no need to generate
+// +extensionRegistry.
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBFieldMaskRoot_FileDescriptor
+
+static GPBFileDescriptor *GPBFieldMaskRoot_FileDescriptor(void) {
+  // This is called by +initialize so there is no need to worry
+  // about thread safety of the singleton.
+  static GPBFileDescriptor *descriptor = NULL;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    GPB_DEBUG_CHECK_RUNTIME_VERSIONS();
+    descriptor = [[GPBFileDescriptor alloc] initWithPackage:@"google.protobuf"
+                                                 objcPrefix:@"GPB"
+                                                     syntax:GPBFileSyntaxProto3];
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBFieldMask
+
+@implementation GPBFieldMask
+
+@dynamic pathsArray, pathsArray_Count;
+
+typedef struct GPBFieldMask__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  NSMutableArray *pathsArray;
+} GPBFieldMask__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "pathsArray",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBFieldMask_FieldNumber_PathsArray,
+        .hasIndex = GPBNoHasBit,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBFieldMask__storage_, pathsArray),
+        .flags = GPBFieldRepeated,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBFieldMask class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBFieldMaskRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBFieldMaskRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBFieldMask__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2cdbba3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/source_context.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBDescriptor.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBMessage.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBRootObject.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+ #import "GPBMessage.h"
+ #import "GPBRootObject.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION < 30002
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+#if 30002 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+#pragma mark - GPBSourceContextRoot
+
+/**
+ * Exposes the extension registry for this file.
+ *
+ * The base class provides:
+ * @code
+ *   + (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+ * @endcode
+ * which is a @c GPBExtensionRegistry that includes all the extensions defined by
+ * this file and all files that it depends on.
+ **/
+@interface GPBSourceContextRoot : GPBRootObject
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBSourceContext
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBSourceContext_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBSourceContext_FieldNumber_FileName = 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * `SourceContext` represents information about the source of a
+ * protobuf element, like the file in which it is defined.
+ **/
+@interface GPBSourceContext : GPBMessage
+
+/**
+ * The path-qualified name of the .proto file that contained the associated
+ * protobuf element.  For example: `"google/protobuf/source_context.proto"`.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *fileName;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c955f2b4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.m
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/source_context.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.h>
+#else
+ #import "google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.h"
+#endif
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+#pragma mark - GPBSourceContextRoot
+
+@implementation GPBSourceContextRoot
+
+// No extensions in the file and no imports, so no need to generate
+// +extensionRegistry.
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBSourceContextRoot_FileDescriptor
+
+static GPBFileDescriptor *GPBSourceContextRoot_FileDescriptor(void) {
+  // This is called by +initialize so there is no need to worry
+  // about thread safety of the singleton.
+  static GPBFileDescriptor *descriptor = NULL;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    GPB_DEBUG_CHECK_RUNTIME_VERSIONS();
+    descriptor = [[GPBFileDescriptor alloc] initWithPackage:@"google.protobuf"
+                                                 objcPrefix:@"GPB"
+                                                     syntax:GPBFileSyntaxProto3];
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBSourceContext
+
+@implementation GPBSourceContext
+
+@dynamic fileName;
+
+typedef struct GPBSourceContext__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  NSString *fileName;
+} GPBSourceContext__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "fileName",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBSourceContext_FieldNumber_FileName,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBSourceContext__storage_, fileName),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBSourceContext class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBSourceContextRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBSourceContextRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBSourceContext__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a06de4d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/struct.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBDescriptor.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBMessage.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBRootObject.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+ #import "GPBMessage.h"
+ #import "GPBRootObject.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION < 30002
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+#if 30002 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+@class GPBListValue;
+@class GPBStruct;
+@class GPBValue;
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+#pragma mark - Enum GPBNullValue
+
+/**
+ * `NullValue` is a singleton enumeration to represent the null value for the
+ * `Value` type union.
+ *
+ *  The JSON representation for `NullValue` is JSON `null`.
+ **/
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBNullValue) {
+  /**
+   * Value used if any message's field encounters a value that is not defined
+   * by this enum. The message will also have C functions to get/set the rawValue
+   * of the field.
+   **/
+  GPBNullValue_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue,
+  /** Null value. */
+  GPBNullValue_NullValue = 0,
+};
+
+GPBEnumDescriptor *GPBNullValue_EnumDescriptor(void);
+
+/**
+ * Checks to see if the given value is defined by the enum or was not known at
+ * the time this source was generated.
+ **/
+BOOL GPBNullValue_IsValidValue(int32_t value);
+
+#pragma mark - GPBStructRoot
+
+/**
+ * Exposes the extension registry for this file.
+ *
+ * The base class provides:
+ * @code
+ *   + (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+ * @endcode
+ * which is a @c GPBExtensionRegistry that includes all the extensions defined by
+ * this file and all files that it depends on.
+ **/
+@interface GPBStructRoot : GPBRootObject
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBStruct
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBStruct_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBStruct_FieldNumber_Fields = 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * `Struct` represents a structured data value, consisting of fields
+ * which map to dynamically typed values. In some languages, `Struct`
+ * might be supported by a native representation. For example, in
+ * scripting languages like JS a struct is represented as an
+ * object. The details of that representation are described together
+ * with the proto support for the language.
+ *
+ * The JSON representation for `Struct` is JSON object.
+ **/
+@interface GPBStruct : GPBMessage
+
+/** Unordered map of dynamically typed values. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) NSMutableDictionary<NSString*, GPBValue*> *fields;
+/** The number of items in @c fields without causing the array to be created. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger fields_Count;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBValue
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBValue_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBValue_FieldNumber_NullValue = 1,
+  GPBValue_FieldNumber_NumberValue = 2,
+  GPBValue_FieldNumber_StringValue = 3,
+  GPBValue_FieldNumber_BoolValue = 4,
+  GPBValue_FieldNumber_StructValue = 5,
+  GPBValue_FieldNumber_ListValue = 6,
+};
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBValue_Kind_OneOfCase) {
+  GPBValue_Kind_OneOfCase_GPBUnsetOneOfCase = 0,
+  GPBValue_Kind_OneOfCase_NullValue = 1,
+  GPBValue_Kind_OneOfCase_NumberValue = 2,
+  GPBValue_Kind_OneOfCase_StringValue = 3,
+  GPBValue_Kind_OneOfCase_BoolValue = 4,
+  GPBValue_Kind_OneOfCase_StructValue = 5,
+  GPBValue_Kind_OneOfCase_ListValue = 6,
+};
+
+/**
+ * `Value` represents a dynamically typed value which can be either
+ * null, a number, a string, a boolean, a recursive struct value, or a
+ * list of values. A producer of value is expected to set one of that
+ * variants, absence of any variant indicates an error.
+ *
+ * The JSON representation for `Value` is JSON value.
+ **/
+@interface GPBValue : GPBMessage
+
+/** The kind of value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) GPBValue_Kind_OneOfCase kindOneOfCase;
+
+/** Represents a null value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) GPBNullValue nullValue;
+
+/** Represents a double value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) double numberValue;
+
+/** Represents a string value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *stringValue;
+
+/** Represents a boolean value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) BOOL boolValue;
+
+/** Represents a structured value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) GPBStruct *structValue;
+
+/** Represents a repeated `Value`. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) GPBListValue *listValue;
+
+@end
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the raw value of a @c GPBValue's @c nullValue property, even
+ * if the value was not defined by the enum at the time the code was generated.
+ **/
+int32_t GPBValue_NullValue_RawValue(GPBValue *message);
+/**
+ * Sets the raw value of an @c GPBValue's @c nullValue property, allowing
+ * it to be set to a value that was not defined by the enum at the time the code
+ * was generated.
+ **/
+void SetGPBValue_NullValue_RawValue(GPBValue *message, int32_t value);
+
+/**
+ * Clears whatever value was set for the oneof 'kind'.
+ **/
+void GPBValue_ClearKindOneOfCase(GPBValue *message);
+
+#pragma mark - GPBListValue
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBListValue_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBListValue_FieldNumber_ValuesArray = 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * `ListValue` is a wrapper around a repeated field of values.
+ *
+ * The JSON representation for `ListValue` is JSON array.
+ **/
+@interface GPBListValue : GPBMessage
+
+/** Repeated field of dynamically typed values. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) NSMutableArray<GPBValue*> *valuesArray;
+/** The number of items in @c valuesArray without causing the array to be created. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger valuesArray_Count;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3873f5a03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.m
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/struct.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h"
+#endif
+
+#import <stdatomic.h>
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.h>
+#else
+ #import "google/protobuf/Struct.pbobjc.h"
+#endif
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdirect-ivar-access"
+
+#pragma mark - GPBStructRoot
+
+@implementation GPBStructRoot
+
+// No extensions in the file and no imports, so no need to generate
+// +extensionRegistry.
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBStructRoot_FileDescriptor
+
+static GPBFileDescriptor *GPBStructRoot_FileDescriptor(void) {
+  // This is called by +initialize so there is no need to worry
+  // about thread safety of the singleton.
+  static GPBFileDescriptor *descriptor = NULL;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    GPB_DEBUG_CHECK_RUNTIME_VERSIONS();
+    descriptor = [[GPBFileDescriptor alloc] initWithPackage:@"google.protobuf"
+                                                 objcPrefix:@"GPB"
+                                                     syntax:GPBFileSyntaxProto3];
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Enum GPBNullValue
+
+GPBEnumDescriptor *GPBNullValue_EnumDescriptor(void) {
+  static _Atomic(GPBEnumDescriptor*) descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static const char *valueNames =
+        "NullValue\000";
+    static const int32_t values[] = {
+        GPBNullValue_NullValue,
+    };
+    GPBEnumDescriptor *worker =
+        [GPBEnumDescriptor allocDescriptorForName:GPBNSStringifySymbol(GPBNullValue)
+                                       valueNames:valueNames
+                                           values:values
+                                            count:(uint32_t)(sizeof(values) / sizeof(int32_t))
+                                     enumVerifier:GPBNullValue_IsValidValue];
+    GPBEnumDescriptor *expected = nil;
+    if (!atomic_compare_exchange_strong(&descriptor, &expected, worker)) {
+      [worker release];
+    }
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+BOOL GPBNullValue_IsValidValue(int32_t value__) {
+  switch (value__) {
+    case GPBNullValue_NullValue:
+      return YES;
+    default:
+      return NO;
+  }
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBStruct
+
+@implementation GPBStruct
+
+@dynamic fields, fields_Count;
+
+typedef struct GPBStruct__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  NSMutableDictionary *fields;
+} GPBStruct__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "fields",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBValue),
+        .number = GPBStruct_FieldNumber_Fields,
+        .hasIndex = GPBNoHasBit,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBStruct__storage_, fields),
+        .flags = GPBFieldMapKeyString,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBStruct class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBStructRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBStructRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBStruct__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBValue
+
+@implementation GPBValue
+
+@dynamic kindOneOfCase;
+@dynamic nullValue;
+@dynamic numberValue;
+@dynamic stringValue;
+@dynamic boolValue;
+@dynamic structValue;
+@dynamic listValue;
+
+typedef struct GPBValue__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[2];
+  GPBNullValue nullValue;
+  NSString *stringValue;
+  GPBStruct *structValue;
+  GPBListValue *listValue;
+  double numberValue;
+} GPBValue__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "nullValue",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.enumDescFunc = GPBNullValue_EnumDescriptor,
+        .number = GPBValue_FieldNumber_NullValue,
+        .hasIndex = -1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBValue__storage_, nullValue),
+        .flags = (GPBFieldFlags)(GPBFieldOptional | GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor),
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeEnum,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "numberValue",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBValue_FieldNumber_NumberValue,
+        .hasIndex = -1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBValue__storage_, numberValue),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeDouble,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "stringValue",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBValue_FieldNumber_StringValue,
+        .hasIndex = -1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBValue__storage_, stringValue),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "boolValue",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBValue_FieldNumber_BoolValue,
+        .hasIndex = -1,
+        .offset = 0,  // Stored in _has_storage_ to save space.
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeBool,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "structValue",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBStruct),
+        .number = GPBValue_FieldNumber_StructValue,
+        .hasIndex = -1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBValue__storage_, structValue),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "listValue",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBListValue),
+        .number = GPBValue_FieldNumber_ListValue,
+        .hasIndex = -1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBValue__storage_, listValue),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBValue class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBStructRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBStructRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBValue__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    static const char *oneofs[] = {
+      "kind",
+    };
+    [localDescriptor setupOneofs:oneofs
+                           count:(uint32_t)(sizeof(oneofs) / sizeof(char*))
+                   firstHasIndex:-1];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+int32_t GPBValue_NullValue_RawValue(GPBValue *message) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [GPBValue descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:GPBValue_FieldNumber_NullValue];
+  return GPBGetMessageInt32Field(message, field);
+}
+
+void SetGPBValue_NullValue_RawValue(GPBValue *message, int32_t value) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [GPBValue descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:GPBValue_FieldNumber_NullValue];
+  GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(message, field, value, descriptor.file.syntax);
+}
+
+void GPBValue_ClearKindOneOfCase(GPBValue *message) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [message descriptor];
+  GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof = [descriptor.oneofs objectAtIndex:0];
+  GPBMaybeClearOneof(message, oneof, -1, 0);
+}
+#pragma mark - GPBListValue
+
+@implementation GPBListValue
+
+@dynamic valuesArray, valuesArray_Count;
+
+typedef struct GPBListValue__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  NSMutableArray *valuesArray;
+} GPBListValue__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "valuesArray",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBValue),
+        .number = GPBListValue_FieldNumber_ValuesArray,
+        .hasIndex = GPBNoHasBit,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBListValue__storage_, valuesArray),
+        .flags = GPBFieldRepeated,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBListValue class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBStructRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBStructRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBListValue__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d351f2771
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBDescriptor.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBMessage.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBRootObject.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+ #import "GPBMessage.h"
+ #import "GPBRootObject.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION < 30002
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+#if 30002 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+#pragma mark - GPBTimestampRoot
+
+/**
+ * Exposes the extension registry for this file.
+ *
+ * The base class provides:
+ * @code
+ *   + (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+ * @endcode
+ * which is a @c GPBExtensionRegistry that includes all the extensions defined by
+ * this file and all files that it depends on.
+ **/
+@interface GPBTimestampRoot : GPBRootObject
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBTimestamp
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBTimestamp_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBTimestamp_FieldNumber_Seconds = 1,
+  GPBTimestamp_FieldNumber_Nanos = 2,
+};
+
+/**
+ * A Timestamp represents a point in time independent of any time zone or local
+ * calendar, encoded as a count of seconds and fractions of seconds at
+ * nanosecond resolution. The count is relative to an epoch at UTC midnight on
+ * January 1, 1970, in the proleptic Gregorian calendar which extends the
+ * Gregorian calendar backwards to year one.
+ *
+ * All minutes are 60 seconds long. Leap seconds are "smeared" so that no leap
+ * second table is needed for interpretation, using a [24-hour linear
+ * smear](https://developers.google.com/time/smear).
+ *
+ * The range is from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z. By
+ * restricting to that range, we ensure that we can convert to and from [RFC
+ * 3339](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt) date strings.
+ *
+ * # Examples
+ *
+ * Example 1: Compute Timestamp from POSIX `time()`.
+ *
+ *     Timestamp timestamp;
+ *     timestamp.set_seconds(time(NULL));
+ *     timestamp.set_nanos(0);
+ *
+ * Example 2: Compute Timestamp from POSIX `gettimeofday()`.
+ *
+ *     struct timeval tv;
+ *     gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+ *
+ *     Timestamp timestamp;
+ *     timestamp.set_seconds(tv.tv_sec);
+ *     timestamp.set_nanos(tv.tv_usec * 1000);
+ *
+ * Example 3: Compute Timestamp from Win32 `GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()`.
+ *
+ *     FILETIME ft;
+ *     GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);
+ *     UINT64 ticks = (((UINT64)ft.dwHighDateTime) << 32) | ft.dwLowDateTime;
+ *
+ *     // A Windows tick is 100 nanoseconds. Windows epoch 1601-01-01T00:00:00Z
+ *     // is 11644473600 seconds before Unix epoch 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
+ *     Timestamp timestamp;
+ *     timestamp.set_seconds((INT64) ((ticks / 10000000) - 11644473600LL));
+ *     timestamp.set_nanos((INT32) ((ticks % 10000000) * 100));
+ *
+ * Example 4: Compute Timestamp from Java `System.currentTimeMillis()`.
+ *
+ *     long millis = System.currentTimeMillis();
+ *
+ *     Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(millis / 1000)
+ *         .setNanos((int) ((millis % 1000) * 1000000)).build();
+ *
+ *
+ * Example 5: Compute Timestamp from current time in Python.
+ *
+ *     timestamp = Timestamp()
+ *     timestamp.GetCurrentTime()
+ *
+ * # JSON Mapping
+ *
+ * In JSON format, the Timestamp type is encoded as a string in the
+ * [RFC 3339](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt) format. That is, the
+ * format is "{year}-{month}-{day}T{hour}:{min}:{sec}[.{frac_sec}]Z"
+ * where {year} is always expressed using four digits while {month}, {day},
+ * {hour}, {min}, and {sec} are zero-padded to two digits each. The fractional
+ * seconds, which can go up to 9 digits (i.e. up to 1 nanosecond resolution),
+ * are optional. The "Z" suffix indicates the timezone ("UTC"); the timezone
+ * is required. A proto3 JSON serializer should always use UTC (as indicated by
+ * "Z") when printing the Timestamp type and a proto3 JSON parser should be
+ * able to accept both UTC and other timezones (as indicated by an offset).
+ *
+ * For example, "2017-01-15T01:30:15.01Z" encodes 15.01 seconds past
+ * 01:30 UTC on January 15, 2017.
+ *
+ * In JavaScript, one can convert a Date object to this format using the
+ * standard
+ * [toISOString()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date/toISOString)
+ * method. In Python, a standard `datetime.datetime` object can be converted
+ * to this format using
+ * [`strftime`](https://docs.python.org/2/library/time.html#time.strftime) with
+ * the time format spec '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ'. Likewise, in Java, one can use
+ * the Joda Time's [`ISODateTimeFormat.dateTime()`](
+ * http://www.joda.org/joda-time/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/ISODateTimeFormat.html#dateTime%2D%2D
+ * ) to obtain a formatter capable of generating timestamps in this format.
+ **/
+@interface GPBTimestamp : GPBMessage
+
+/**
+ * Represents seconds of UTC time since Unix epoch
+ * 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to
+ * 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z inclusive.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) int64_t seconds;
+
+/**
+ * Non-negative fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution. Negative
+ * second values with fractions must still have non-negative nanos values
+ * that count forward in time. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999
+ * inclusive.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) int32_t nanos;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05eb3a5d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.m
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h>
+#else
+ #import "google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h"
+#endif
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+#pragma mark - GPBTimestampRoot
+
+@implementation GPBTimestampRoot
+
+// No extensions in the file and no imports, so no need to generate
+// +extensionRegistry.
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBTimestampRoot_FileDescriptor
+
+static GPBFileDescriptor *GPBTimestampRoot_FileDescriptor(void) {
+  // This is called by +initialize so there is no need to worry
+  // about thread safety of the singleton.
+  static GPBFileDescriptor *descriptor = NULL;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    GPB_DEBUG_CHECK_RUNTIME_VERSIONS();
+    descriptor = [[GPBFileDescriptor alloc] initWithPackage:@"google.protobuf"
+                                                 objcPrefix:@"GPB"
+                                                     syntax:GPBFileSyntaxProto3];
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBTimestamp
+
+@implementation GPBTimestamp
+
+@dynamic seconds;
+@dynamic nanos;
+
+typedef struct GPBTimestamp__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  int32_t nanos;
+  int64_t seconds;
+} GPBTimestamp__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "seconds",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBTimestamp_FieldNumber_Seconds,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBTimestamp__storage_, seconds),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeInt64,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "nanos",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBTimestamp_FieldNumber_Nanos,
+        .hasIndex = 1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBTimestamp__storage_, nanos),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeInt32,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBTimestamp class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBTimestampRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBTimestampRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBTimestamp__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a5486364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBDescriptor.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBMessage.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBRootObject.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+ #import "GPBMessage.h"
+ #import "GPBRootObject.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION < 30002
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+#if 30002 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+@class GPBAny;
+@class GPBEnumValue;
+@class GPBField;
+@class GPBOption;
+@class GPBSourceContext;
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+#pragma mark - Enum GPBSyntax
+
+/** The syntax in which a protocol buffer element is defined. */
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBSyntax) {
+  /**
+   * Value used if any message's field encounters a value that is not defined
+   * by this enum. The message will also have C functions to get/set the rawValue
+   * of the field.
+   **/
+  GPBSyntax_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue,
+  /** Syntax `proto2`. */
+  GPBSyntax_SyntaxProto2 = 0,
+
+  /** Syntax `proto3`. */
+  GPBSyntax_SyntaxProto3 = 1,
+};
+
+GPBEnumDescriptor *GPBSyntax_EnumDescriptor(void);
+
+/**
+ * Checks to see if the given value is defined by the enum or was not known at
+ * the time this source was generated.
+ **/
+BOOL GPBSyntax_IsValidValue(int32_t value);
+
+#pragma mark - Enum GPBField_Kind
+
+/** Basic field types. */
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBField_Kind) {
+  /**
+   * Value used if any message's field encounters a value that is not defined
+   * by this enum. The message will also have C functions to get/set the rawValue
+   * of the field.
+   **/
+  GPBField_Kind_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue,
+  /** Field type unknown. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeUnknown = 0,
+
+  /** Field type double. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeDouble = 1,
+
+  /** Field type float. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeFloat = 2,
+
+  /** Field type int64. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeInt64 = 3,
+
+  /** Field type uint64. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeUint64 = 4,
+
+  /** Field type int32. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeInt32 = 5,
+
+  /** Field type fixed64. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeFixed64 = 6,
+
+  /** Field type fixed32. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeFixed32 = 7,
+
+  /** Field type bool. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeBool = 8,
+
+  /** Field type string. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeString = 9,
+
+  /** Field type group. Proto2 syntax only, and deprecated. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeGroup = 10,
+
+  /** Field type message. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeMessage = 11,
+
+  /** Field type bytes. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeBytes = 12,
+
+  /** Field type uint32. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeUint32 = 13,
+
+  /** Field type enum. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeEnum = 14,
+
+  /** Field type sfixed32. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeSfixed32 = 15,
+
+  /** Field type sfixed64. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeSfixed64 = 16,
+
+  /** Field type sint32. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeSint32 = 17,
+
+  /** Field type sint64. */
+  GPBField_Kind_TypeSint64 = 18,
+};
+
+GPBEnumDescriptor *GPBField_Kind_EnumDescriptor(void);
+
+/**
+ * Checks to see if the given value is defined by the enum or was not known at
+ * the time this source was generated.
+ **/
+BOOL GPBField_Kind_IsValidValue(int32_t value);
+
+#pragma mark - Enum GPBField_Cardinality
+
+/** Whether a field is optional, required, or repeated. */
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBField_Cardinality) {
+  /**
+   * Value used if any message's field encounters a value that is not defined
+   * by this enum. The message will also have C functions to get/set the rawValue
+   * of the field.
+   **/
+  GPBField_Cardinality_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue,
+  /** For fields with unknown cardinality. */
+  GPBField_Cardinality_CardinalityUnknown = 0,
+
+  /** For optional fields. */
+  GPBField_Cardinality_CardinalityOptional = 1,
+
+  /** For required fields. Proto2 syntax only. */
+  GPBField_Cardinality_CardinalityRequired = 2,
+
+  /** For repeated fields. */
+  GPBField_Cardinality_CardinalityRepeated = 3,
+};
+
+GPBEnumDescriptor *GPBField_Cardinality_EnumDescriptor(void);
+
+/**
+ * Checks to see if the given value is defined by the enum or was not known at
+ * the time this source was generated.
+ **/
+BOOL GPBField_Cardinality_IsValidValue(int32_t value);
+
+#pragma mark - GPBTypeRoot
+
+/**
+ * Exposes the extension registry for this file.
+ *
+ * The base class provides:
+ * @code
+ *   + (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+ * @endcode
+ * which is a @c GPBExtensionRegistry that includes all the extensions defined by
+ * this file and all files that it depends on.
+ **/
+@interface GPBTypeRoot : GPBRootObject
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBType
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBType_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBType_FieldNumber_Name = 1,
+  GPBType_FieldNumber_FieldsArray = 2,
+  GPBType_FieldNumber_OneofsArray = 3,
+  GPBType_FieldNumber_OptionsArray = 4,
+  GPBType_FieldNumber_SourceContext = 5,
+  GPBType_FieldNumber_Syntax = 6,
+};
+
+/**
+ * A protocol buffer message type.
+ **/
+@interface GPBType : GPBMessage
+
+/** The fully qualified message name. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *name;
+
+/** The list of fields. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) NSMutableArray<GPBField*> *fieldsArray;
+/** The number of items in @c fieldsArray without causing the array to be created. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger fieldsArray_Count;
+
+/** The list of types appearing in `oneof` definitions in this type. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) NSMutableArray<NSString*> *oneofsArray;
+/** The number of items in @c oneofsArray without causing the array to be created. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger oneofsArray_Count;
+
+/** The protocol buffer options. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) NSMutableArray<GPBOption*> *optionsArray;
+/** The number of items in @c optionsArray without causing the array to be created. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger optionsArray_Count;
+
+/** The source context. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) GPBSourceContext *sourceContext;
+/** Test to see if @c sourceContext has been set. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) BOOL hasSourceContext;
+
+/** The source syntax. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) GPBSyntax syntax;
+
+@end
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the raw value of a @c GPBType's @c syntax property, even
+ * if the value was not defined by the enum at the time the code was generated.
+ **/
+int32_t GPBType_Syntax_RawValue(GPBType *message);
+/**
+ * Sets the raw value of an @c GPBType's @c syntax property, allowing
+ * it to be set to a value that was not defined by the enum at the time the code
+ * was generated.
+ **/
+void SetGPBType_Syntax_RawValue(GPBType *message, int32_t value);
+
+#pragma mark - GPBField
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBField_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBField_FieldNumber_Kind = 1,
+  GPBField_FieldNumber_Cardinality = 2,
+  GPBField_FieldNumber_Number = 3,
+  GPBField_FieldNumber_Name = 4,
+  GPBField_FieldNumber_TypeURL = 6,
+  GPBField_FieldNumber_OneofIndex = 7,
+  GPBField_FieldNumber_Packed = 8,
+  GPBField_FieldNumber_OptionsArray = 9,
+  GPBField_FieldNumber_JsonName = 10,
+  GPBField_FieldNumber_DefaultValue = 11,
+};
+
+/**
+ * A single field of a message type.
+ **/
+@interface GPBField : GPBMessage
+
+/** The field type. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) GPBField_Kind kind;
+
+/** The field cardinality. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) GPBField_Cardinality cardinality;
+
+/** The field number. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) int32_t number;
+
+/** The field name. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *name;
+
+/**
+ * The field type URL, without the scheme, for message or enumeration
+ * types. Example: `"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"`.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *typeURL;
+
+/**
+ * The index of the field type in `Type.oneofs`, for message or enumeration
+ * types. The first type has index 1; zero means the type is not in the list.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) int32_t oneofIndex;
+
+/** Whether to use alternative packed wire representation. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) BOOL packed;
+
+/** The protocol buffer options. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) NSMutableArray<GPBOption*> *optionsArray;
+/** The number of items in @c optionsArray without causing the array to be created. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger optionsArray_Count;
+
+/** The field JSON name. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *jsonName;
+
+/** The string value of the default value of this field. Proto2 syntax only. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *defaultValue;
+
+@end
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the raw value of a @c GPBField's @c kind property, even
+ * if the value was not defined by the enum at the time the code was generated.
+ **/
+int32_t GPBField_Kind_RawValue(GPBField *message);
+/**
+ * Sets the raw value of an @c GPBField's @c kind property, allowing
+ * it to be set to a value that was not defined by the enum at the time the code
+ * was generated.
+ **/
+void SetGPBField_Kind_RawValue(GPBField *message, int32_t value);
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the raw value of a @c GPBField's @c cardinality property, even
+ * if the value was not defined by the enum at the time the code was generated.
+ **/
+int32_t GPBField_Cardinality_RawValue(GPBField *message);
+/**
+ * Sets the raw value of an @c GPBField's @c cardinality property, allowing
+ * it to be set to a value that was not defined by the enum at the time the code
+ * was generated.
+ **/
+void SetGPBField_Cardinality_RawValue(GPBField *message, int32_t value);
+
+#pragma mark - GPBEnum
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBEnum_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBEnum_FieldNumber_Name = 1,
+  GPBEnum_FieldNumber_EnumvalueArray = 2,
+  GPBEnum_FieldNumber_OptionsArray = 3,
+  GPBEnum_FieldNumber_SourceContext = 4,
+  GPBEnum_FieldNumber_Syntax = 5,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Enum type definition.
+ **/
+@interface GPBEnum : GPBMessage
+
+/** Enum type name. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *name;
+
+/** Enum value definitions. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) NSMutableArray<GPBEnumValue*> *enumvalueArray;
+/** The number of items in @c enumvalueArray without causing the array to be created. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger enumvalueArray_Count;
+
+/** Protocol buffer options. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) NSMutableArray<GPBOption*> *optionsArray;
+/** The number of items in @c optionsArray without causing the array to be created. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger optionsArray_Count;
+
+/** The source context. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) GPBSourceContext *sourceContext;
+/** Test to see if @c sourceContext has been set. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) BOOL hasSourceContext;
+
+/** The source syntax. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) GPBSyntax syntax;
+
+@end
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the raw value of a @c GPBEnum's @c syntax property, even
+ * if the value was not defined by the enum at the time the code was generated.
+ **/
+int32_t GPBEnum_Syntax_RawValue(GPBEnum *message);
+/**
+ * Sets the raw value of an @c GPBEnum's @c syntax property, allowing
+ * it to be set to a value that was not defined by the enum at the time the code
+ * was generated.
+ **/
+void SetGPBEnum_Syntax_RawValue(GPBEnum *message, int32_t value);
+
+#pragma mark - GPBEnumValue
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBEnumValue_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBEnumValue_FieldNumber_Name = 1,
+  GPBEnumValue_FieldNumber_Number = 2,
+  GPBEnumValue_FieldNumber_OptionsArray = 3,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Enum value definition.
+ **/
+@interface GPBEnumValue : GPBMessage
+
+/** Enum value name. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *name;
+
+/** Enum value number. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) int32_t number;
+
+/** Protocol buffer options. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) NSMutableArray<GPBOption*> *optionsArray;
+/** The number of items in @c optionsArray without causing the array to be created. */
+@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger optionsArray_Count;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBOption
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBOption_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBOption_FieldNumber_Name = 1,
+  GPBOption_FieldNumber_Value = 2,
+};
+
+/**
+ * A protocol buffer option, which can be attached to a message, field,
+ * enumeration, etc.
+ **/
+@interface GPBOption : GPBMessage
+
+/**
+ * The option's name. For protobuf built-in options (options defined in
+ * descriptor.proto), this is the short name. For example, `"map_entry"`.
+ * For custom options, it should be the fully-qualified name. For example,
+ * `"google.api.http"`.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *name;
+
+/**
+ * The option's value packed in an Any message. If the value is a primitive,
+ * the corresponding wrapper type defined in google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+ * should be used. If the value is an enum, it should be stored as an int32
+ * value using the google.protobuf.Int32Value type.
+ **/
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) GPBAny *value;
+/** Test to see if @c value has been set. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) BOOL hasValue;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7451edc6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.m
@@ -0,0 +1,716 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h"
+#endif
+
+#import <stdatomic.h>
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/Type.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/Any.pbobjc.h>
+ #import <protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.h>
+#else
+ #import "google/protobuf/Type.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/Any.pbobjc.h"
+ #import "google/protobuf/SourceContext.pbobjc.h"
+#endif
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+#pragma mark - GPBTypeRoot
+
+@implementation GPBTypeRoot
+
+// No extensions in the file and none of the imports (direct or indirect)
+// defined extensions, so no need to generate +extensionRegistry.
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBTypeRoot_FileDescriptor
+
+static GPBFileDescriptor *GPBTypeRoot_FileDescriptor(void) {
+  // This is called by +initialize so there is no need to worry
+  // about thread safety of the singleton.
+  static GPBFileDescriptor *descriptor = NULL;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    GPB_DEBUG_CHECK_RUNTIME_VERSIONS();
+    descriptor = [[GPBFileDescriptor alloc] initWithPackage:@"google.protobuf"
+                                                 objcPrefix:@"GPB"
+                                                     syntax:GPBFileSyntaxProto3];
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Enum GPBSyntax
+
+GPBEnumDescriptor *GPBSyntax_EnumDescriptor(void) {
+  static _Atomic(GPBEnumDescriptor*) descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static const char *valueNames =
+        "SyntaxProto2\000SyntaxProto3\000";
+    static const int32_t values[] = {
+        GPBSyntax_SyntaxProto2,
+        GPBSyntax_SyntaxProto3,
+    };
+    GPBEnumDescriptor *worker =
+        [GPBEnumDescriptor allocDescriptorForName:GPBNSStringifySymbol(GPBSyntax)
+                                       valueNames:valueNames
+                                           values:values
+                                            count:(uint32_t)(sizeof(values) / sizeof(int32_t))
+                                     enumVerifier:GPBSyntax_IsValidValue];
+    GPBEnumDescriptor *expected = nil;
+    if (!atomic_compare_exchange_strong(&descriptor, &expected, worker)) {
+      [worker release];
+    }
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+BOOL GPBSyntax_IsValidValue(int32_t value__) {
+  switch (value__) {
+    case GPBSyntax_SyntaxProto2:
+    case GPBSyntax_SyntaxProto3:
+      return YES;
+    default:
+      return NO;
+  }
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBType
+
+@implementation GPBType
+
+@dynamic name;
+@dynamic fieldsArray, fieldsArray_Count;
+@dynamic oneofsArray, oneofsArray_Count;
+@dynamic optionsArray, optionsArray_Count;
+@dynamic hasSourceContext, sourceContext;
+@dynamic syntax;
+
+typedef struct GPBType__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  GPBSyntax syntax;
+  NSString *name;
+  NSMutableArray *fieldsArray;
+  NSMutableArray *oneofsArray;
+  NSMutableArray *optionsArray;
+  GPBSourceContext *sourceContext;
+} GPBType__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "name",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBType_FieldNumber_Name,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBType__storage_, name),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "fieldsArray",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBField),
+        .number = GPBType_FieldNumber_FieldsArray,
+        .hasIndex = GPBNoHasBit,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBType__storage_, fieldsArray),
+        .flags = GPBFieldRepeated,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "oneofsArray",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBType_FieldNumber_OneofsArray,
+        .hasIndex = GPBNoHasBit,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBType__storage_, oneofsArray),
+        .flags = GPBFieldRepeated,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "optionsArray",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBOption),
+        .number = GPBType_FieldNumber_OptionsArray,
+        .hasIndex = GPBNoHasBit,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBType__storage_, optionsArray),
+        .flags = GPBFieldRepeated,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "sourceContext",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBSourceContext),
+        .number = GPBType_FieldNumber_SourceContext,
+        .hasIndex = 1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBType__storage_, sourceContext),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "syntax",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.enumDescFunc = GPBSyntax_EnumDescriptor,
+        .number = GPBType_FieldNumber_Syntax,
+        .hasIndex = 2,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBType__storage_, syntax),
+        .flags = (GPBFieldFlags)(GPBFieldOptional | GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor),
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeEnum,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBType class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBTypeRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBTypeRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBType__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+int32_t GPBType_Syntax_RawValue(GPBType *message) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [GPBType descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:GPBType_FieldNumber_Syntax];
+  return GPBGetMessageInt32Field(message, field);
+}
+
+void SetGPBType_Syntax_RawValue(GPBType *message, int32_t value) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [GPBType descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:GPBType_FieldNumber_Syntax];
+  GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(message, field, value, descriptor.file.syntax);
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBField
+
+@implementation GPBField
+
+@dynamic kind;
+@dynamic cardinality;
+@dynamic number;
+@dynamic name;
+@dynamic typeURL;
+@dynamic oneofIndex;
+@dynamic packed;
+@dynamic optionsArray, optionsArray_Count;
+@dynamic jsonName;
+@dynamic defaultValue;
+
+typedef struct GPBField__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  GPBField_Kind kind;
+  GPBField_Cardinality cardinality;
+  int32_t number;
+  int32_t oneofIndex;
+  NSString *name;
+  NSString *typeURL;
+  NSMutableArray *optionsArray;
+  NSString *jsonName;
+  NSString *defaultValue;
+} GPBField__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "kind",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.enumDescFunc = GPBField_Kind_EnumDescriptor,
+        .number = GPBField_FieldNumber_Kind,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBField__storage_, kind),
+        .flags = (GPBFieldFlags)(GPBFieldOptional | GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor),
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeEnum,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "cardinality",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.enumDescFunc = GPBField_Cardinality_EnumDescriptor,
+        .number = GPBField_FieldNumber_Cardinality,
+        .hasIndex = 1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBField__storage_, cardinality),
+        .flags = (GPBFieldFlags)(GPBFieldOptional | GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor),
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeEnum,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "number",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBField_FieldNumber_Number,
+        .hasIndex = 2,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBField__storage_, number),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeInt32,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "name",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBField_FieldNumber_Name,
+        .hasIndex = 3,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBField__storage_, name),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "typeURL",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBField_FieldNumber_TypeURL,
+        .hasIndex = 4,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBField__storage_, typeURL),
+        .flags = (GPBFieldFlags)(GPBFieldOptional | GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom),
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "oneofIndex",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBField_FieldNumber_OneofIndex,
+        .hasIndex = 5,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBField__storage_, oneofIndex),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeInt32,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "packed",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBField_FieldNumber_Packed,
+        .hasIndex = 6,
+        .offset = 7,  // Stored in _has_storage_ to save space.
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeBool,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "optionsArray",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBOption),
+        .number = GPBField_FieldNumber_OptionsArray,
+        .hasIndex = GPBNoHasBit,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBField__storage_, optionsArray),
+        .flags = GPBFieldRepeated,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "jsonName",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBField_FieldNumber_JsonName,
+        .hasIndex = 8,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBField__storage_, jsonName),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "defaultValue",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBField_FieldNumber_DefaultValue,
+        .hasIndex = 9,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBField__storage_, defaultValue),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBField class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBTypeRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBTypeRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBField__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+#if !GPBOBJC_SKIP_MESSAGE_TEXTFORMAT_EXTRAS
+    static const char *extraTextFormatInfo =
+        "\001\006\004\241!!\000";
+    [localDescriptor setupExtraTextInfo:extraTextFormatInfo];
+#endif  // !GPBOBJC_SKIP_MESSAGE_TEXTFORMAT_EXTRAS
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+int32_t GPBField_Kind_RawValue(GPBField *message) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [GPBField descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:GPBField_FieldNumber_Kind];
+  return GPBGetMessageInt32Field(message, field);
+}
+
+void SetGPBField_Kind_RawValue(GPBField *message, int32_t value) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [GPBField descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:GPBField_FieldNumber_Kind];
+  GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(message, field, value, descriptor.file.syntax);
+}
+
+int32_t GPBField_Cardinality_RawValue(GPBField *message) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [GPBField descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:GPBField_FieldNumber_Cardinality];
+  return GPBGetMessageInt32Field(message, field);
+}
+
+void SetGPBField_Cardinality_RawValue(GPBField *message, int32_t value) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [GPBField descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:GPBField_FieldNumber_Cardinality];
+  GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(message, field, value, descriptor.file.syntax);
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Enum GPBField_Kind
+
+GPBEnumDescriptor *GPBField_Kind_EnumDescriptor(void) {
+  static _Atomic(GPBEnumDescriptor*) descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static const char *valueNames =
+        "TypeUnknown\000TypeDouble\000TypeFloat\000TypeInt"
+        "64\000TypeUint64\000TypeInt32\000TypeFixed64\000Type"
+        "Fixed32\000TypeBool\000TypeString\000TypeGroup\000Ty"
+        "peMessage\000TypeBytes\000TypeUint32\000TypeEnum\000"
+        "TypeSfixed32\000TypeSfixed64\000TypeSint32\000Typ"
+        "eSint64\000";
+    static const int32_t values[] = {
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeUnknown,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeDouble,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeFloat,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeInt64,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeUint64,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeInt32,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeFixed64,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeFixed32,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeBool,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeString,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeGroup,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeMessage,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeBytes,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeUint32,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeEnum,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeSfixed32,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeSfixed64,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeSint32,
+        GPBField_Kind_TypeSint64,
+    };
+    GPBEnumDescriptor *worker =
+        [GPBEnumDescriptor allocDescriptorForName:GPBNSStringifySymbol(GPBField_Kind)
+                                       valueNames:valueNames
+                                           values:values
+                                            count:(uint32_t)(sizeof(values) / sizeof(int32_t))
+                                     enumVerifier:GPBField_Kind_IsValidValue];
+    GPBEnumDescriptor *expected = nil;
+    if (!atomic_compare_exchange_strong(&descriptor, &expected, worker)) {
+      [worker release];
+    }
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+BOOL GPBField_Kind_IsValidValue(int32_t value__) {
+  switch (value__) {
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeUnknown:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeDouble:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeFloat:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeInt64:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeUint64:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeInt32:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeFixed64:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeFixed32:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeBool:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeString:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeGroup:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeMessage:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeBytes:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeUint32:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeEnum:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeSfixed32:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeSfixed64:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeSint32:
+    case GPBField_Kind_TypeSint64:
+      return YES;
+    default:
+      return NO;
+  }
+}
+
+#pragma mark - Enum GPBField_Cardinality
+
+GPBEnumDescriptor *GPBField_Cardinality_EnumDescriptor(void) {
+  static _Atomic(GPBEnumDescriptor*) descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static const char *valueNames =
+        "CardinalityUnknown\000CardinalityOptional\000C"
+        "ardinalityRequired\000CardinalityRepeated\000";
+    static const int32_t values[] = {
+        GPBField_Cardinality_CardinalityUnknown,
+        GPBField_Cardinality_CardinalityOptional,
+        GPBField_Cardinality_CardinalityRequired,
+        GPBField_Cardinality_CardinalityRepeated,
+    };
+    GPBEnumDescriptor *worker =
+        [GPBEnumDescriptor allocDescriptorForName:GPBNSStringifySymbol(GPBField_Cardinality)
+                                       valueNames:valueNames
+                                           values:values
+                                            count:(uint32_t)(sizeof(values) / sizeof(int32_t))
+                                     enumVerifier:GPBField_Cardinality_IsValidValue];
+    GPBEnumDescriptor *expected = nil;
+    if (!atomic_compare_exchange_strong(&descriptor, &expected, worker)) {
+      [worker release];
+    }
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+BOOL GPBField_Cardinality_IsValidValue(int32_t value__) {
+  switch (value__) {
+    case GPBField_Cardinality_CardinalityUnknown:
+    case GPBField_Cardinality_CardinalityOptional:
+    case GPBField_Cardinality_CardinalityRequired:
+    case GPBField_Cardinality_CardinalityRepeated:
+      return YES;
+    default:
+      return NO;
+  }
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBEnum
+
+@implementation GPBEnum
+
+@dynamic name;
+@dynamic enumvalueArray, enumvalueArray_Count;
+@dynamic optionsArray, optionsArray_Count;
+@dynamic hasSourceContext, sourceContext;
+@dynamic syntax;
+
+typedef struct GPBEnum__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  GPBSyntax syntax;
+  NSString *name;
+  NSMutableArray *enumvalueArray;
+  NSMutableArray *optionsArray;
+  GPBSourceContext *sourceContext;
+} GPBEnum__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "name",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBEnum_FieldNumber_Name,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBEnum__storage_, name),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "enumvalueArray",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBEnumValue),
+        .number = GPBEnum_FieldNumber_EnumvalueArray,
+        .hasIndex = GPBNoHasBit,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBEnum__storage_, enumvalueArray),
+        .flags = GPBFieldRepeated,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "optionsArray",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBOption),
+        .number = GPBEnum_FieldNumber_OptionsArray,
+        .hasIndex = GPBNoHasBit,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBEnum__storage_, optionsArray),
+        .flags = GPBFieldRepeated,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "sourceContext",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBSourceContext),
+        .number = GPBEnum_FieldNumber_SourceContext,
+        .hasIndex = 1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBEnum__storage_, sourceContext),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "syntax",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.enumDescFunc = GPBSyntax_EnumDescriptor,
+        .number = GPBEnum_FieldNumber_Syntax,
+        .hasIndex = 2,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBEnum__storage_, syntax),
+        .flags = (GPBFieldFlags)(GPBFieldOptional | GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor),
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeEnum,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBEnum class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBTypeRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBTypeRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBEnum__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+int32_t GPBEnum_Syntax_RawValue(GPBEnum *message) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [GPBEnum descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:GPBEnum_FieldNumber_Syntax];
+  return GPBGetMessageInt32Field(message, field);
+}
+
+void SetGPBEnum_Syntax_RawValue(GPBEnum *message, int32_t value) {
+  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [GPBEnum descriptor];
+  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:GPBEnum_FieldNumber_Syntax];
+  GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(message, field, value, descriptor.file.syntax);
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBEnumValue
+
+@implementation GPBEnumValue
+
+@dynamic name;
+@dynamic number;
+@dynamic optionsArray, optionsArray_Count;
+
+typedef struct GPBEnumValue__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  int32_t number;
+  NSString *name;
+  NSMutableArray *optionsArray;
+} GPBEnumValue__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "name",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBEnumValue_FieldNumber_Name,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBEnumValue__storage_, name),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "number",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBEnumValue_FieldNumber_Number,
+        .hasIndex = 1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBEnumValue__storage_, number),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeInt32,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "optionsArray",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBOption),
+        .number = GPBEnumValue_FieldNumber_OptionsArray,
+        .hasIndex = GPBNoHasBit,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBEnumValue__storage_, optionsArray),
+        .flags = GPBFieldRepeated,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBEnumValue class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBTypeRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBTypeRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBEnumValue__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBOption
+
+@implementation GPBOption
+
+@dynamic name;
+@dynamic hasValue, value;
+
+typedef struct GPBOption__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  NSString *name;
+  GPBAny *value;
+} GPBOption__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "name",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBOption_FieldNumber_Name,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBOption__storage_, name),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+      {
+        .name = "value",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = GPBStringifySymbol(GPBAny),
+        .number = GPBOption_FieldNumber_Value,
+        .hasIndex = 1,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBOption__storage_, value),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeMessage,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBOption class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBTypeRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBTypeRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBOption__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9d3646e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBDescriptor.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBMessage.h>
+ #import <protobuf/GPBRootObject.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBDescriptor.h"
+ #import "GPBMessage.h"
+ #import "GPBRootObject.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION < 30002
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+#if 30002 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.
+#endif
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
+
+#pragma mark - GPBWrappersRoot
+
+/**
+ * Exposes the extension registry for this file.
+ *
+ * The base class provides:
+ * @code
+ *   + (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;
+ * @endcode
+ * which is a @c GPBExtensionRegistry that includes all the extensions defined by
+ * this file and all files that it depends on.
+ **/
+@interface GPBWrappersRoot : GPBRootObject
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBDoubleValue
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBDoubleValue_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBDoubleValue_FieldNumber_Value = 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `double`.
+ *
+ * The JSON representation for `DoubleValue` is JSON number.
+ **/
+@interface GPBDoubleValue : GPBMessage
+
+/** The double value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) double value;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBFloatValue
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBFloatValue_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBFloatValue_FieldNumber_Value = 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `float`.
+ *
+ * The JSON representation for `FloatValue` is JSON number.
+ **/
+@interface GPBFloatValue : GPBMessage
+
+/** The float value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) float value;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBInt64Value
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBInt64Value_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBInt64Value_FieldNumber_Value = 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `int64`.
+ *
+ * The JSON representation for `Int64Value` is JSON string.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt64Value : GPBMessage
+
+/** The int64 value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) int64_t value;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBUInt64Value
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBUInt64Value_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBUInt64Value_FieldNumber_Value = 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `uint64`.
+ *
+ * The JSON representation for `UInt64Value` is JSON string.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt64Value : GPBMessage
+
+/** The uint64 value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) uint64_t value;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBInt32Value
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBInt32Value_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBInt32Value_FieldNumber_Value = 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `int32`.
+ *
+ * The JSON representation for `Int32Value` is JSON number.
+ **/
+@interface GPBInt32Value : GPBMessage
+
+/** The int32 value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) int32_t value;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBUInt32Value
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBUInt32Value_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBUInt32Value_FieldNumber_Value = 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `uint32`.
+ *
+ * The JSON representation for `UInt32Value` is JSON number.
+ **/
+@interface GPBUInt32Value : GPBMessage
+
+/** The uint32 value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) uint32_t value;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBBoolValue
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBBoolValue_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBBoolValue_FieldNumber_Value = 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `bool`.
+ *
+ * The JSON representation for `BoolValue` is JSON `true` and `false`.
+ **/
+@interface GPBBoolValue : GPBMessage
+
+/** The bool value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite) BOOL value;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBStringValue
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBStringValue_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBStringValue_FieldNumber_Value = 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `string`.
+ *
+ * The JSON representation for `StringValue` is JSON string.
+ **/
+@interface GPBStringValue : GPBMessage
+
+/** The string value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSString *value;
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBBytesValue
+
+typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBBytesValue_FieldNumber) {
+  GPBBytesValue_FieldNumber_Value = 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `bytes`.
+ *
+ * The JSON representation for `BytesValue` is JSON string.
+ **/
+@interface GPBBytesValue : GPBMessage
+
+/** The bytes value. */
+@property(nonatomic, readwrite, copy, null_resettable) NSData *value;
+
+@end
+
+NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
+
+CF_EXTERN_C_END
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.m b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f91d34504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/objectivec/google/protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.m
@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework
+// imports needed when using CocoaPods.
+#if !defined(GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS)
+ #define GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS 0
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h>
+#else
+ #import "GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h"
+#endif
+
+#if GPB_USE_PROTOBUF_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+ #import <protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.h>
+#else
+ #import "google/protobuf/Wrappers.pbobjc.h"
+#endif
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+
+#pragma mark - GPBWrappersRoot
+
+@implementation GPBWrappersRoot
+
+// No extensions in the file and no imports, so no need to generate
+// +extensionRegistry.
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBWrappersRoot_FileDescriptor
+
+static GPBFileDescriptor *GPBWrappersRoot_FileDescriptor(void) {
+  // This is called by +initialize so there is no need to worry
+  // about thread safety of the singleton.
+  static GPBFileDescriptor *descriptor = NULL;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    GPB_DEBUG_CHECK_RUNTIME_VERSIONS();
+    descriptor = [[GPBFileDescriptor alloc] initWithPackage:@"google.protobuf"
+                                                 objcPrefix:@"GPB"
+                                                     syntax:GPBFileSyntaxProto3];
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+#pragma mark - GPBDoubleValue
+
+@implementation GPBDoubleValue
+
+@dynamic value;
+
+typedef struct GPBDoubleValue__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  double value;
+} GPBDoubleValue__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "value",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBDoubleValue_FieldNumber_Value,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBDoubleValue__storage_, value),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeDouble,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBDoubleValue class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBWrappersRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBWrappersRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBDoubleValue__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBFloatValue
+
+@implementation GPBFloatValue
+
+@dynamic value;
+
+typedef struct GPBFloatValue__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  float value;
+} GPBFloatValue__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "value",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBFloatValue_FieldNumber_Value,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBFloatValue__storage_, value),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeFloat,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBFloatValue class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBWrappersRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBWrappersRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBFloatValue__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBInt64Value
+
+@implementation GPBInt64Value
+
+@dynamic value;
+
+typedef struct GPBInt64Value__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  int64_t value;
+} GPBInt64Value__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "value",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBInt64Value_FieldNumber_Value,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBInt64Value__storage_, value),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeInt64,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBInt64Value class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBWrappersRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBWrappersRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBInt64Value__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBUInt64Value
+
+@implementation GPBUInt64Value
+
+@dynamic value;
+
+typedef struct GPBUInt64Value__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  uint64_t value;
+} GPBUInt64Value__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "value",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBUInt64Value_FieldNumber_Value,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBUInt64Value__storage_, value),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeUInt64,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBUInt64Value class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBWrappersRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBWrappersRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBUInt64Value__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBInt32Value
+
+@implementation GPBInt32Value
+
+@dynamic value;
+
+typedef struct GPBInt32Value__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  int32_t value;
+} GPBInt32Value__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "value",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBInt32Value_FieldNumber_Value,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBInt32Value__storage_, value),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeInt32,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBInt32Value class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBWrappersRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBWrappersRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBInt32Value__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBUInt32Value
+
+@implementation GPBUInt32Value
+
+@dynamic value;
+
+typedef struct GPBUInt32Value__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  uint32_t value;
+} GPBUInt32Value__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "value",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBUInt32Value_FieldNumber_Value,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBUInt32Value__storage_, value),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeUInt32,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBUInt32Value class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBWrappersRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBWrappersRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBUInt32Value__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBBoolValue
+
+@implementation GPBBoolValue
+
+@dynamic value;
+
+typedef struct GPBBoolValue__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+} GPBBoolValue__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "value",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBBoolValue_FieldNumber_Value,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = 1,  // Stored in _has_storage_ to save space.
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeBool,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBBoolValue class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBWrappersRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBWrappersRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBBoolValue__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBStringValue
+
+@implementation GPBStringValue
+
+@dynamic value;
+
+typedef struct GPBStringValue__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  NSString *value;
+} GPBStringValue__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "value",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBStringValue_FieldNumber_Value,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBStringValue__storage_, value),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeString,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBStringValue class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBWrappersRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBWrappersRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBStringValue__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+#pragma mark - GPBBytesValue
+
+@implementation GPBBytesValue
+
+@dynamic value;
+
+typedef struct GPBBytesValue__storage_ {
+  uint32_t _has_storage_[1];
+  NSData *value;
+} GPBBytesValue__storage_;
+
+// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called
+// in +initialize for each subclass.
++ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {
+  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;
+  if (!descriptor) {
+    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {
+      {
+        .name = "value",
+        .dataTypeSpecific.className = NULL,
+        .number = GPBBytesValue_FieldNumber_Value,
+        .hasIndex = 0,
+        .offset = (uint32_t)offsetof(GPBBytesValue__storage_, value),
+        .flags = GPBFieldOptional,
+        .dataType = GPBDataTypeBytes,
+      },
+    };
+    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =
+        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[GPBBytesValue class]
+                                     rootClass:[GPBWrappersRoot class]
+                                          file:GPBWrappersRoot_FileDescriptor()
+                                        fields:fields
+                                    fieldCount:(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription))
+                                   storageSize:sizeof(GPBBytesValue__storage_)
+                                         flags:GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None];
+    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
+      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @"Startup recursed!");
+    #endif  // DEBUG
+    descriptor = localDescriptor;
+  }
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+@end
+
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16757be58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+This directory contains the Protocol Buffers runtime implementation via both a
+pure PHP package and a native c extension. The pure PHP package is intended to
+provide usability to wider range of PHP platforms, while the c extension is
+intended to provide higher performance. Both implementations provide the same
+runtime APIs and share the same generated code. Users don’t need to re-generate
+code for the same proto definition when they want to switch the implementation
+later.
+
+Both implementations make use of generated PHP code that defines message and
+enum types in PHP. We strongly recommend using protoc's PHP generation support
+with .proto files. The build process in this directory only installs the
+extension/package; you need to install protoc as well to have PHP code
+generation functionality.
+
+## Requirements
+
+To use PHP runtime library requires:
+
+- C extension: PHP 5.5, 5.6, or 7.
+- [PHP package](http://php.net/downloads.php): PHP 5.5, 5.6 or 7.
+
+## Installation
+
+### C Extension
+
+#### Prerequirements
+
+To install the c extension, the following tools are needed:
+* autoconf
+* automake
+* libtool
+* make
+* gcc
+* pear
+* pecl
+
+On Ubuntu, you can install them with:
+```
+sudo apt-get install -y php-pear php5-dev autoconf automake libtool make gcc
+```
+On other platforms, please use the corresponding package managing tool to
+install them before proceeding.
+
+#### Installation from Source (Building extension)
+
+To build the c extension, run the following command:
+```
+cd ext/google/protobuf
+pear package
+sudo pecl install protobuf-{VERSION}.tgz
+```
+
+#### Installation from PECL
+
+When we release a version of Protocol Buffers, we will upload the extension to
+[PECL](https://pecl.php.net/). To use this pre-packaged extension, simply
+install it as you would any other extension:
+
+```
+sudo pecl install protobuf-{VERSION}
+```
+
+### PHP Package
+
+#### Installation from composer
+
+Simply add "google/protobuf" to the 'require' section of composer.json in your
+project.
+
+### Protoc
+
+Once the extension or package is installed, if you wish to generate PHP code
+from a `.proto` file, you will also want to install the Protocol Buffers
+compiler (protoc), as described in this repository's main `README` file.  The
+version of `protoc` included in the latest release supports the `--php_out`
+option to generate PHP code:
+```
+protoc --php_out=out_dir test.proto
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+For generated code:
+  https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/php-generated
+
+Known Issues
+------------
+
+* Missing native support for well known types.
+* Missing support for proto2.
+* No API provided for clear/copy messages.
+* No API provided for encoding/decoding with stream.
+* Map fields may not be garbage-collected if there is cycle reference.
+* No debug information for messages in c extension.
+* HHVM not tested.
+* C extension not tested on windows, mac, php 7.0.
+* Message name cannot be Empty.
+
+## Development
+
+### Docker Image
+
+We provide a docker image for php development, which is also used in our automatic tests:
+```
+docker run --security-opt seccomp=unconfined -it protobuftesting/php_8dbe419c6df1a8b3af0ae3a267c112efb436b45c
+```
+
+### Test Native PHP
+
+```
+# Download protobuf
+git clone https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf.git
+cd protobuf
+
+# Build protoc
+./autogen.sh
+./configure
+make -j4
+
+# Test native php
+cd php
+composer install
+composer test
+```
+
+### Test C Extension
+
+After you have finished testing the native php, you can test the c extension:
+```
+cd tests
+./test.sh 5.6 # The php runtime version.
+              # We provide 5.5, 5.5-zts, 5.6, 5.6-zts, 7.0, 7.0-zts, 7.1, 7.1-zts, 7.2, 7.2-zts, 7.3 and 7.3-zts
+              # ls /usr/local for more details
+```
+
+If you want to use gdb to debug the c extension, you can do:
+```
+./gdb_test.sh
+```
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/composer.json b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b618ea150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+  "name": "google/protobuf",
+  "type": "library",
+  "description": "proto library for PHP",
+  "keywords": ["proto"],
+  "homepage": "https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/",
+  "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+  "require": {
+    "php": ">=5.5.0"
+  },
+  "require-dev": {
+    "phpunit/phpunit": "^5|^4.8.0"
+  },
+  "autoload": {
+    "psr-4": {
+      "Google\\Protobuf\\": "src/Google/Protobuf",
+      "GPBMetadata\\Google\\Protobuf\\": "src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf"
+    }
+  },
+  "autoload-dev": {
+    "psr-4": {
+      "": "tests/generated"
+    }
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "(cd tests && rm -rf generated && mkdir -p generated && ../../src/protoc --php_out=generated -I../../src -I. proto/empty/echo.proto proto/test.proto proto/test_include.proto proto/test_no_namespace.proto proto/test_prefix.proto proto/test_php_namespace.proto proto/test_empty_php_namespace.proto proto/test_reserved_enum_lower.proto proto/test_reserved_enum_upper.proto proto/test_reserved_enum_value_lower.proto proto/test_reserved_enum_value_upper.proto proto/test_reserved_message_lower.proto proto/test_reserved_message_upper.proto proto/test_service.proto proto/test_service_namespace.proto proto/test_wrapper_type_setters.proto proto/test_descriptors.proto) && (cd ../src && ./protoc --php_out=../php/tests/generated -I../php/tests -I. ../php/tests/proto/test_import_descriptor_proto.proto) && vendor/bin/phpunit",
+    "aggregate_metadata_test": "(cd tests && rm -rf generated && mkdir -p generated && ../../src/protoc --php_out=aggregate_metadata=foo#bar:generated -I../../src -I. proto/test.proto proto/test_include.proto && ../../src/protoc --php_out=generated -I../../src -I. proto/empty/echo.proto proto/test_no_namespace.proto proto/test_empty_php_namespace.proto proto/test_prefix.proto proto/test_php_namespace.proto proto/test_reserved_enum_lower.proto proto/test_reserved_enum_upper.proto proto/test_reserved_enum_value_lower.proto proto/test_reserved_enum_value_upper.proto proto/test_reserved_message_lower.proto proto/test_reserved_message_upper.proto proto/test_service.proto proto/test_service_namespace.proto proto/test_wrapper_type_setters.proto proto/test_descriptors.proto) && (cd ../src && ./protoc --php_out=aggregate_metadata=foo:../php/tests/generated -I../php/tests -I. ../php/tests/proto/test_import_descriptor_proto.proto) && vendor/bin/phpunit"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/array.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/array.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa862d996
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/array.c
@@ -0,0 +1,557 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <ext/spl/spl_iterators.h>
+#include <Zend/zend_API.h>
+#include <Zend/zend_interfaces.h>
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(arginfo_offsetGet, 0, 0, 1)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, index)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(arginfo_offsetSet, 0, 0, 2)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, index)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, newval)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO(arginfo_void, 0)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()
+
+static zend_function_entry repeated_field_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(RepeatedField, __construct,  NULL,              ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(RepeatedField, append,       NULL,              ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(RepeatedField, offsetExists, arginfo_offsetGet, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(RepeatedField, offsetGet,    arginfo_offsetGet, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(RepeatedField, offsetSet,    arginfo_offsetSet, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(RepeatedField, offsetUnset,  arginfo_offsetGet, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(RepeatedField, count,        arginfo_void,      ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(RepeatedField, getIterator,  arginfo_void,      ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  ZEND_FE_END
+};
+
+static zend_function_entry repeated_field_iter_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(RepeatedFieldIter, rewind,      arginfo_void, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(RepeatedFieldIter, current,     arginfo_void, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(RepeatedFieldIter, key,         arginfo_void, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(RepeatedFieldIter, next,        arginfo_void, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(RepeatedFieldIter, valid,       arginfo_void, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  ZEND_FE_END
+};
+
+// Forward declare static functions.
+
+static int repeated_field_array_init(zval *array, upb_fieldtype_t type,
+                                     uint size ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC);
+static void repeated_field_write_dimension(zval *object, zval *offset,
+                                           zval *value TSRMLS_DC);
+static HashTable *repeated_field_get_gc(zval *object, CACHED_VALUE **table,
+                                        int *n TSRMLS_DC);
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+static zend_object_value repeated_field_create(zend_class_entry *ce TSRMLS_DC);
+static zend_object_value repeated_field_iter_create(zend_class_entry *ce TSRMLS_DC);
+#else
+static zend_object *repeated_field_create(zend_class_entry *ce TSRMLS_DC);
+static zend_object *repeated_field_iter_create(zend_class_entry *ce TSRMLS_DC);
+#endif
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// RepeatedField creation/desctruction
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+zend_class_entry* repeated_field_type;
+zend_class_entry* repeated_field_iter_type;
+zend_object_handlers* repeated_field_handlers;
+zend_object_handlers* repeated_field_iter_handlers;
+
+// Define object free method.
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_FREE_START(RepeatedField, repeated_field)
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+php_proto_zval_ptr_dtor(intern->array);
+#else
+php_proto_zval_ptr_dtor(&intern->array);
+#endif
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_FREE_END
+
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_EMPTY_DTOR_START(RepeatedField, repeated_field)
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_DTOR_END
+
+// Define object create method.
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_START(RepeatedField, repeated_field)
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+intern->array = NULL;
+#endif
+intern->type = 0;
+intern->msg_ce = NULL;
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_END(RepeatedField, repeated_field)
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\RepeatedField",
+                           RepeatedField, repeated_field)
+zend_class_implements(repeated_field_type TSRMLS_CC, 3, spl_ce_ArrayAccess,
+                      zend_ce_aggregate, spl_ce_Countable);
+repeated_field_handlers->write_dimension = repeated_field_write_dimension;
+repeated_field_handlers->get_gc = repeated_field_get_gc;
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_END
+
+// Define array element free function.
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+static inline void php_proto_array_string_release(void *value) {
+  zval_ptr_dtor(value);
+}
+
+static inline void php_proto_array_object_release(void *value) {
+  zval_ptr_dtor(value);
+}
+static inline void php_proto_array_default_release(void *value) {
+}
+#else
+static inline void php_proto_array_string_release(zval *value) {
+  void* ptr = Z_PTR_P(value);
+  zend_string* object = *(zend_string**)ptr;
+  zend_string_release(object);
+  efree(ptr);
+}
+static inline void php_proto_array_object_release(zval *value) {
+  zval_ptr_dtor(value);
+}
+static void php_proto_array_default_release(zval* value) {
+  void* ptr = Z_PTR_P(value);
+  efree(ptr);
+}
+#endif
+
+static int repeated_field_array_init(zval *array, upb_fieldtype_t type,
+                                     uint size ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC) {
+  PHP_PROTO_ALLOC_ARRAY(array);
+
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      zend_hash_init(Z_ARRVAL_P(array), size, NULL,
+                     php_proto_array_string_release, 0);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      zend_hash_init(Z_ARRVAL_P(array), size, NULL,
+                     php_proto_array_object_release, 0);
+      break;
+    default:
+      zend_hash_init(Z_ARRVAL_P(array), size, NULL,
+                     php_proto_array_default_release, 0);
+  }
+  return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// RepeatedField Handlers
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void repeated_field_write_dimension(zval *object, zval *offset,
+                                           zval *value TSRMLS_DC) {
+  uint64_t index;
+
+  RepeatedField *intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, object);
+  HashTable *ht = PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(intern->array);
+  int size = native_slot_size(intern->type);
+
+  unsigned char memory[NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE];
+  memset(memory, 0, NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE);
+
+  if (!native_slot_set_by_array(intern->type, intern->msg_ce, memory,
+                                value TSRMLS_CC)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!offset || Z_TYPE_P(offset) == IS_NULL) {
+    index = zend_hash_num_elements(PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(intern->array));
+  } else {
+    if (protobuf_convert_to_uint64(offset, &index)) {
+      if (!zend_hash_index_exists(ht, index)) {
+        zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Element at %llu doesn't exist.\n",
+                   (long long unsigned int)index);
+        return;
+      }
+    } else {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (intern->type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    php_proto_zend_hash_index_update_zval(ht, index, *(zval**)memory);
+  } else {
+    php_proto_zend_hash_index_update_mem(ht, index, memory, size, NULL);
+  }
+}
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+static HashTable *repeated_field_get_gc(zval *object, zval ***table,
+                                        int *n TSRMLS_DC) {
+#else
+static HashTable *repeated_field_get_gc(zval *object, zval **table, int *n) {
+#endif
+  *table = NULL;
+  *n = 0;
+  RepeatedField *intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, object);
+  return PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(intern->array);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// C RepeatedField Utilities
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void *repeated_field_index_native(RepeatedField *intern, int index TSRMLS_DC) {
+  HashTable *ht = PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(intern->array);
+  void *value;
+
+  if (intern->type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    if (php_proto_zend_hash_index_find_zval(ht, index, (void **)&value) ==
+        FAILURE) {
+      zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Element at %d doesn't exist.\n", index);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (php_proto_zend_hash_index_find_mem(ht, index, (void **)&value) ==
+        FAILURE) {
+      zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Element at %d doesn't exist.\n", index);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return value;
+}
+
+void repeated_field_push_native(RepeatedField *intern, void *value) {
+  HashTable *ht = PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(intern->array);
+  int size = native_slot_size(intern->type);
+  if (intern->type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    php_proto_zend_hash_next_index_insert_zval(ht, value);
+  } else {
+    php_proto_zend_hash_next_index_insert_mem(ht, (void **)value, size, NULL);
+  }
+}
+
+void repeated_field_ensure_created(
+    const upb_fielddef *field,
+    CACHED_VALUE *repeated_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+  if (ZVAL_IS_NULL(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(repeated_field))) {
+    zval_ptr_dtor(repeated_field);
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(repeated_field));
+#endif
+    repeated_field_create_with_field(repeated_field_type, field,
+                                     repeated_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+  }
+}
+
+void repeated_field_create_with_field(
+    zend_class_entry *ce, const upb_fielddef *field,
+    CACHED_VALUE *repeated_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+  upb_fieldtype_t type = upb_fielddef_type(field);
+  const zend_class_entry *msg_ce = field_type_class(field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+  repeated_field_create_with_type(ce, type, msg_ce,
+                                  repeated_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+void repeated_field_create_with_type(
+    zend_class_entry *ce, upb_fieldtype_t type, const zend_class_entry *msg_ce,
+    CACHED_VALUE *repeated_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+  CREATE_OBJ_ON_ALLOCATED_ZVAL_PTR(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(repeated_field),
+                                   repeated_field_type);
+
+  RepeatedField *intern =
+      UNBOX(RepeatedField, CACHED_TO_ZVAL_PTR(*repeated_field));
+  intern->type = type;
+  intern->msg_ce = msg_ce;
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  MAKE_STD_ZVAL(intern->array);
+  repeated_field_array_init(intern->array, intern->type, 0 ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC);
+#else
+  repeated_field_array_init(&intern->array, intern->type, 0 ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC);
+#endif
+
+  // TODO(teboring): Link class entry for message and enum
+}
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PHP RepeatedField Methods
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Constructs an instance of RepeatedField.
+ * @param long Type of the stored element.
+ * @param string Message/Enum class name (message/enum fields only).
+ */
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, __construct) {
+  long type;
+  zend_class_entry* klass = NULL;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l|C", &type, &klass) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  RepeatedField *intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, getThis());
+  intern->type = to_fieldtype(type);
+  intern->msg_ce = klass;
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  MAKE_STD_ZVAL(intern->array);
+  repeated_field_array_init(intern->array, intern->type, 0 ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC);
+#else
+  repeated_field_array_init(&intern->array, intern->type, 0 ZEND_FILE_LINE_CC);
+#endif
+
+  if (intern->type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE && klass == NULL) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Message type must have concrete class.");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // TODO(teboring): Consider enum.
+}
+
+/**
+ * Append element to the end of the repeated field.
+ * @param object The element to be added.
+ */
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, append) {
+  zval *value;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "z", &value) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  repeated_field_write_dimension(getThis(), NULL, value TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check whether the element at given index exists.
+ * @param long The index to be checked.
+ * @return bool True if the element at the given index exists.
+ */
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, offsetExists) {
+  long index;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &index) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  RepeatedField *intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, getThis());
+
+  RETURN_BOOL(index >= 0 &&
+              index < zend_hash_num_elements(PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(intern->array)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the element at the given index.
+ * This will also be called for: $ele = $arr[0]
+ * @param long The index of the element to be fetched.
+ * @return object The stored element at given index.
+ * @exception Invalid type for index.
+ * @exception Non-existing index.
+ */
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, offsetGet) {
+  long index;
+  void *memory;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &index) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  RepeatedField *intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, getThis());
+  HashTable *table = PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(intern->array);
+
+  if (intern->type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    if (php_proto_zend_hash_index_find_zval(table, index, (void **)&memory) ==
+        FAILURE) {
+      zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Element at %ld doesn't exist.\n", index);
+      return;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (php_proto_zend_hash_index_find_mem(table, index, (void **)&memory) ==
+        FAILURE) {
+      zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Element at %ld doesn't exist.\n", index);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  native_slot_get_by_array(intern->type, memory,
+                           ZVAL_PTR_TO_CACHED_PTR(return_value) TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assign the element at the given index.
+ * This will also be called for: $arr []= $ele and $arr[0] = ele
+ * @param long The index of the element to be assigned.
+ * @param object The element to be assigned.
+ * @exception Invalid type for index.
+ * @exception Non-existing index.
+ * @exception Incorrect type of the element.
+ */
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, offsetSet) {
+  zval *index, *value;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "zz", &index, &value) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  repeated_field_write_dimension(getThis(), index, value TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Remove the element at the given index.
+ * This will also be called for: unset($arr)
+ * @param long The index of the element to be removed.
+ * @exception Invalid type for index.
+ * @exception The element to be removed is not at the end of the RepeatedField.
+ */
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, offsetUnset) {
+  long index;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &index) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  RepeatedField *intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, getThis());
+
+  // Only the element at the end of the array can be removed.
+  if (index == -1 ||
+      index != (zend_hash_num_elements(PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(intern->array)) - 1)) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Cannot remove element at %ld.\n", index);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  zend_hash_index_del(PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(intern->array), index);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the number of stored elements.
+ * This will also be called for: count($arr)
+ * @return long The number of stored elements.
+ */
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, count) {
+  RepeatedField *intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, getThis());
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters_none() == FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  RETURN_LONG(zend_hash_num_elements(PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(intern->array)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the beginning iterator.
+ * This will also be called for: foreach($arr)
+ * @return object Beginning iterator.
+ */
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, getIterator) {
+  CREATE_OBJ_ON_ALLOCATED_ZVAL_PTR(return_value,
+                                   repeated_field_iter_type);
+
+  RepeatedField *intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, getThis());
+  RepeatedFieldIter *iter = UNBOX(RepeatedFieldIter, return_value);
+  iter->repeated_field = intern;
+  iter->position = 0;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// RepeatedFieldIter creation/desctruction
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Define object free method.
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_EMPTY_FREE_START(RepeatedFieldIter, repeated_field_iter)
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_FREE_END
+
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_EMPTY_DTOR_START(RepeatedFieldIter, repeated_field_iter)
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_DTOR_END
+
+// Define object create method.
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_START(RepeatedFieldIter, repeated_field_iter)
+intern->repeated_field = NULL;
+intern->position = 0;
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_END(RepeatedFieldIter, repeated_field_iter)
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\RepeatedFieldIter",
+                           RepeatedFieldIter, repeated_field_iter)
+zend_class_implements(repeated_field_iter_type TSRMLS_CC, 1, zend_ce_iterator);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_END
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PHP RepeatedFieldIter Methods
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, rewind) {
+  RepeatedFieldIter *intern = UNBOX(RepeatedFieldIter, getThis());
+  intern->position = 0;
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, current) {
+  RepeatedFieldIter *intern = UNBOX(RepeatedFieldIter, getThis());
+  RepeatedField *repeated_field = intern->repeated_field;
+
+  long index = 0;
+  void *memory;
+
+  HashTable *table = PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(repeated_field->array);
+
+  if (repeated_field->type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    if (php_proto_zend_hash_index_find_zval(table, intern->position,
+                                            (void **)&memory) == FAILURE) {
+      zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Element at %ld doesn't exist.\n", index);
+      return;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (php_proto_zend_hash_index_find_mem(table, intern->position,
+                                           (void **)&memory) == FAILURE) {
+      zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Element at %ld doesn't exist.\n", index);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  native_slot_get_by_array(repeated_field->type, memory,
+                           ZVAL_PTR_TO_CACHED_PTR(return_value) TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, key) {
+  RepeatedFieldIter *intern = UNBOX(RepeatedFieldIter, getThis());
+  RETURN_LONG(intern->position);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, next) {
+  RepeatedFieldIter *intern = UNBOX(RepeatedFieldIter, getThis());
+  ++intern->position;
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, valid) {
+  RepeatedFieldIter *intern = UNBOX(RepeatedFieldIter, getThis());
+  RETURN_BOOL(zend_hash_num_elements(PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(
+                  intern->repeated_field->array)) > intern->position);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/builtin_descriptors.inc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/builtin_descriptors.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1bb5dbfa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/builtin_descriptors.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,635 @@
+unsigned char descriptor_proto[] = {
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+  0x4c, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x12, 0x16, 0x0a, 0x04,
+  0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x68, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x05, 0x42, 0x02,
+  0x10, 0x01, 0x52, 0x04, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x68, 0x12, 0x16, 0x0a, 0x04,
+  0x73, 0x70, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x18, 0x02, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x05, 0x42, 0x02,
+  0x10, 0x01, 0x52, 0x04, 0x73, 0x70, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x12, 0x29, 0x0a, 0x10,
+  0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x64, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d,
+  0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x73, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x0f,
+  0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x64, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x65,
+  0x6e, 0x74, 0x73, 0x12, 0x2b, 0x0a, 0x11, 0x74, 0x72, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6c,
+  0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x73,
+  0x18, 0x04, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x10, 0x74, 0x72, 0x61, 0x69,
+  0x6c, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x73,
+  0x12, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x19, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x64, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x5f,
+  0x64, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x64, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d,
+  0x6d, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x73, 0x18, 0x06, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52,
+  0x17, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x64, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x44, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61,
+  0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x64, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x73,
+  0x22, 0xd1, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x11, 0x47, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74,
+  0x65, 0x64, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x49, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x6f, 0x12, 0x4d,
+  0x0a, 0x0a, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x6e, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e,
+  0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f,
+  0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66,
+  0x2e, 0x47, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x64, 0x43, 0x6f,
+  0x64, 0x65, 0x49, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x6f, 0x2e, 0x41, 0x6e, 0x6e, 0x6f, 0x74,
+  0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x52, 0x0a, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x6e, 0x6f, 0x74,
+  0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x1a, 0x6d, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x41, 0x6e, 0x6e,
+  0x6f, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x12, 0x16, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x70,
+  0x61, 0x74, 0x68, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x05, 0x42, 0x02, 0x10,
+  0x01, 0x52, 0x04, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x68, 0x12, 0x1f, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x73,
+  0x6f, 0x75, 0x72, 0x63, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x66, 0x69, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x18, 0x02,
+  0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x0a, 0x73, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x72, 0x63, 0x65,
+  0x46, 0x69, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x12, 0x14, 0x0a, 0x05, 0x62, 0x65, 0x67, 0x69,
+  0x6e, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x05, 0x52, 0x05, 0x62, 0x65, 0x67,
+  0x69, 0x6e, 0x12, 0x10, 0x0a, 0x03, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x18, 0x04, 0x20,
+  0x01, 0x28, 0x05, 0x52, 0x03, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x42, 0x8f, 0x01, 0x0a,
+  0x13, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2e, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x2e,
+  0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x42, 0x10, 0x44, 0x65,
+  0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x69, 0x70, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x50, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74,
+  0x6f, 0x73, 0x48, 0x01, 0x5a, 0x3e, 0x67, 0x69, 0x74, 0x68, 0x75, 0x62,
+  0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x2f,
+  0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f,
+  0x74, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x2d, 0x67, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x2d, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x2f, 0x64,
+  0x65, 0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x69, 0x70, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x3b, 0x64, 0x65,
+  0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x69, 0x70, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x72, 0xf8, 0x01, 0x01, 0xa2,
+  0x02, 0x03, 0x47, 0x50, 0x42, 0xaa, 0x02, 0x1a, 0x47, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67,
+  0x6c, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x50, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x2e,
+  0x52, 0x65, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e
+};
+unsigned int descriptor_proto_len = 7582;
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/config.m4 b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/config.m4
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab032e466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/config.m4
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+PHP_ARG_ENABLE(protobuf, whether to enable Protobuf extension, [  --enable-protobuf   Enable Protobuf extension])
+
+if test "$PHP_PROTOBUF" != "no"; then
+
+  PHP_NEW_EXTENSION(
+    protobuf,
+    array.c def.c encode_decode.c map.c message.c protobuf.c storage.c type_check.c upb.c utf8.c,
+    $ext_shared)
+
+fi
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/def.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/def.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5edcb0351
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/def.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1137 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <php.h>
+#include <Zend/zend_exceptions.h>
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+#include "builtin_descriptors.inc"
+
+// Forward declare.
+static void descriptor_init_c_instance(Descriptor* intern TSRMLS_DC);
+static void descriptor_free_c(Descriptor* object TSRMLS_DC);
+
+static void field_descriptor_init_c_instance(FieldDescriptor* intern TSRMLS_DC);
+static void field_descriptor_free_c(FieldDescriptor* object TSRMLS_DC);
+
+static void enum_descriptor_init_c_instance(EnumDescriptor* intern TSRMLS_DC);
+static void enum_descriptor_free_c(EnumDescriptor* object TSRMLS_DC);
+
+static void enum_value_descriptor_init_c_instance(
+    EnumValueDescriptor *intern TSRMLS_DC);
+static void enum_value_descriptor_free_c(EnumValueDescriptor *object TSRMLS_DC);
+
+static void descriptor_pool_free_c(DescriptorPool* object TSRMLS_DC);
+static void descriptor_pool_init_c_instance(DescriptorPool* pool TSRMLS_DC);
+
+static void internal_descriptor_pool_free_c(
+    InternalDescriptorPool *object TSRMLS_DC);
+static void internal_descriptor_pool_init_c_instance(
+    InternalDescriptorPool *pool TSRMLS_DC);
+
+static void oneof_descriptor_free_c(Oneof* object TSRMLS_DC);
+static void oneof_descriptor_init_c_instance(Oneof* pool TSRMLS_DC);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Common Utilities
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void check_upb_status(const upb_status* status, const char* msg) {
+  if (!upb_ok(status)) {
+    zend_error(E_ERROR, "%s: %s\n", msg, upb_status_errmsg(status));
+  }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// GPBType
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+zend_class_entry* gpb_type_type;
+
+static zend_function_entry gpb_type_methods[] = {
+  ZEND_FE_END
+};
+
+void gpb_type_init(TSRMLS_D) {
+  zend_class_entry class_type;
+  INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(class_type, "Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\GPBType",
+                   gpb_type_methods);
+  gpb_type_type = zend_register_internal_class(&class_type TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("DOUBLE"),  1 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("FLOAT"),   2 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("INT64"),   3 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("UINT64"),  4 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("INT32"),   5 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("FIXED64"), 6 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("FIXED32"), 7 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("BOOL"),    8 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("STRING"),  9 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("GROUP"),   10 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("MESSAGE"), 11 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("BYTES"),   12 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("UINT32"),  13 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("ENUM"),    14 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("SFIXED32"),
+                                   15 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("SFIXED64"),
+                                   16 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("SINT32"), 17 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(gpb_type_type, STR("SINT64"), 18 TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Descriptor
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static zend_function_entry descriptor_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Descriptor, getClass, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Descriptor, getFullName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Descriptor, getField, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Descriptor, getFieldCount, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Descriptor, getOneofDecl, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Descriptor, getOneofDeclCount, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  ZEND_FE_END
+};
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(Descriptor, descriptor, "Google\\Protobuf\\Descriptor");
+
+static void descriptor_free_c(Descriptor *self TSRMLS_DC) {
+}
+
+static void descriptor_init_c_instance(Descriptor *desc TSRMLS_DC) {
+  desc->intern = NULL;
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Descriptor, getClass) {
+  Descriptor* desc = UNBOX(Descriptor, getThis());
+  DescriptorInternal* intern = desc->intern;
+  register_class(intern, false TSRMLS_CC);
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  const char* classname = intern->klass->name;
+#else
+  const char* classname = ZSTR_VAL(intern->klass->name);
+#endif
+  PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_STRINGL(classname, strlen(classname), 1);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Descriptor, getFullName) {
+  Descriptor* desc = UNBOX(Descriptor, getThis());
+  DescriptorInternal* intern = desc->intern;
+  const char* fullname = upb_msgdef_fullname(intern->msgdef);
+  PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_STRINGL(fullname, strlen(fullname), 1);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Descriptor, getField) {
+  long index;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &index) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Expect integer for index.\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Descriptor* desc = UNBOX(Descriptor, getThis());
+  DescriptorInternal* intern = desc->intern;
+  int field_num = upb_msgdef_numfields(intern->msgdef);
+  if (index < 0 || index >= field_num) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Cannot get element at %ld.\n", index);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  upb_msg_field_iter iter;
+  int i;
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&iter, intern->msgdef), i = 0;
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&iter) && i < index;
+      upb_msg_field_next(&iter), i++);
+  const upb_fielddef *field = upb_msg_iter_field(&iter);
+
+  PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE field_hashtable_value = get_def_obj(field);
+  if (field_hashtable_value == NULL) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(field_hashtable_value);
+    ZVAL_OBJ(field_hashtable_value, field_descriptor_type->create_object(
+                                        field_descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC));
+    Z_DELREF_P(field_hashtable_value);
+#else
+    field_hashtable_value =
+        field_descriptor_type->create_object(field_descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC);
+    GC_DELREF(field_hashtable_value);
+#endif
+    FieldDescriptor *field_php =
+        UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(FieldDescriptor, field_hashtable_value);
+    field_php->fielddef = field;
+    add_def_obj(field, field_hashtable_value);
+  }
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  RETURN_ZVAL(field_hashtable_value, 1, 0);
+#else
+  GC_ADDREF(field_hashtable_value);
+  RETURN_OBJ(field_hashtable_value);
+#endif
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Descriptor, getFieldCount) {
+  Descriptor* desc = UNBOX(Descriptor, getThis());
+  DescriptorInternal* intern = desc->intern;
+  RETURN_LONG(upb_msgdef_numfields(intern->msgdef));
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Descriptor, getOneofDecl) {
+  long index;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &index) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Expect integer for index.\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Descriptor* desc = UNBOX(Descriptor, getThis());
+  DescriptorInternal* intern = desc->intern;
+  int field_num = upb_msgdef_numoneofs(intern->msgdef);
+  if (index < 0 || index >= field_num) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Cannot get element at %ld.\n", index);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  upb_msg_oneof_iter iter;
+  int i;
+  for(upb_msg_oneof_begin(&iter, intern->msgdef), i = 0;
+      !upb_msg_oneof_done(&iter) && i < index;
+      upb_msg_oneof_next(&iter), i++);
+  const upb_oneofdef *oneof = upb_msg_iter_oneof(&iter);
+
+  ZVAL_OBJ(return_value, oneof_descriptor_type->create_object(
+                             oneof_descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC));
+  Oneof *oneof_php = UNBOX(Oneof, return_value);
+  oneof_php->oneofdef = oneof;
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Descriptor, getOneofDeclCount) {
+  Descriptor* desc = UNBOX(Descriptor, getThis());
+  DescriptorInternal* intern = desc->intern;
+  RETURN_LONG(upb_msgdef_numoneofs(intern->msgdef));
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// EnumDescriptor
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static zend_function_entry enum_descriptor_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(EnumDescriptor, getValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(EnumDescriptor, getValueCount, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  ZEND_FE_END
+};
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(EnumDescriptor, enum_descriptor,
+             "Google\\Protobuf\\EnumDescriptor");
+
+static void enum_descriptor_free_c(EnumDescriptor *self TSRMLS_DC) {
+}
+
+static void enum_descriptor_init_c_instance(EnumDescriptor *self TSRMLS_DC) {
+  self->intern = NULL;
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(EnumDescriptor, getValue) {
+  long index;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &index) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Expect integer for index.\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  EnumDescriptor *desc = UNBOX(EnumDescriptor, getThis());
+  EnumDescriptorInternal *intern = desc->intern;
+  int field_num = upb_enumdef_numvals(intern->enumdef);
+  if (index < 0 || index >= field_num) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Cannot get element at %ld.\n", index);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  upb_enum_iter iter;
+  int i;
+  for(upb_enum_begin(&iter, intern->enumdef), i = 0;
+      !upb_enum_done(&iter) && i < index;
+      upb_enum_next(&iter), i++);
+
+  ZVAL_OBJ(return_value, enum_value_descriptor_type->create_object(
+                             enum_value_descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC));
+  EnumValueDescriptor *enum_value_php =
+      UNBOX(EnumValueDescriptor, return_value);
+  enum_value_php->name = upb_enum_iter_name(&iter);
+  enum_value_php->number = upb_enum_iter_number(&iter);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(EnumDescriptor, getValueCount) {
+  EnumDescriptor *desc = UNBOX(EnumDescriptor, getThis());
+  EnumDescriptorInternal *intern = desc->intern;
+  RETURN_LONG(upb_enumdef_numvals(intern->enumdef));
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// EnumValueDescriptor
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static zend_function_entry enum_value_descriptor_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(EnumValueDescriptor, getName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(EnumValueDescriptor, getNumber, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  ZEND_FE_END
+};
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(EnumValueDescriptor, enum_value_descriptor,
+             "Google\\Protobuf\\EnumValueDescriptor");
+
+static void enum_value_descriptor_free_c(EnumValueDescriptor *self TSRMLS_DC) {
+}
+
+static void enum_value_descriptor_init_c_instance(EnumValueDescriptor *self TSRMLS_DC) {
+  self->name = NULL;
+  self->number = 0;
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(EnumValueDescriptor, getName) {
+  EnumValueDescriptor *intern = UNBOX(EnumValueDescriptor, getThis());
+  PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_STRINGL(intern->name, strlen(intern->name), 1);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(EnumValueDescriptor, getNumber) {
+  EnumValueDescriptor *intern = UNBOX(EnumValueDescriptor, getThis());
+  RETURN_LONG(intern->number);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FieldDescriptor
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static zend_function_entry field_descriptor_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(FieldDescriptor, getName,   NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(FieldDescriptor, getNumber, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(FieldDescriptor, getLabel,  NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(FieldDescriptor, getType,   NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(FieldDescriptor, isMap,     NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(FieldDescriptor, getEnumType, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(FieldDescriptor, getMessageType, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  ZEND_FE_END
+};
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(FieldDescriptor, field_descriptor,
+             "Google\\Protobuf\\FieldDescriptor");
+
+static void field_descriptor_free_c(FieldDescriptor *self TSRMLS_DC) {
+}
+
+static void field_descriptor_init_c_instance(FieldDescriptor *self TSRMLS_DC) {
+  self->fielddef = NULL;
+}
+
+upb_fieldtype_t to_fieldtype(upb_descriptortype_t type) {
+  switch (type) {
+#define CASE(descriptor_type, type)           \
+  case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_##descriptor_type: \
+    return UPB_TYPE_##type;
+
+  CASE(FLOAT,    FLOAT);
+  CASE(DOUBLE,   DOUBLE);
+  CASE(BOOL,     BOOL);
+  CASE(STRING,   STRING);
+  CASE(BYTES,    BYTES);
+  CASE(MESSAGE,  MESSAGE);
+  CASE(GROUP,    MESSAGE);
+  CASE(ENUM,     ENUM);
+  CASE(INT32,    INT32);
+  CASE(INT64,    INT64);
+  CASE(UINT32,   UINT32);
+  CASE(UINT64,   UINT64);
+  CASE(SINT32,   INT32);
+  CASE(SINT64,   INT64);
+  CASE(FIXED32,  UINT32);
+  CASE(FIXED64,  UINT64);
+  CASE(SFIXED32, INT32);
+  CASE(SFIXED64, INT64);
+
+#undef CONVERT
+
+  }
+
+  zend_error(E_ERROR, "Unknown field type.");
+  return 0;
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(FieldDescriptor, getName) {
+  FieldDescriptor *intern = UNBOX(FieldDescriptor, getThis());
+  const char* name = upb_fielddef_name(intern->fielddef);
+  PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_STRINGL(name, strlen(name), 1);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(FieldDescriptor, getNumber) {
+  FieldDescriptor *intern = UNBOX(FieldDescriptor, getThis());
+  RETURN_LONG(upb_fielddef_number(intern->fielddef));
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(FieldDescriptor, getLabel) {
+  FieldDescriptor *intern = UNBOX(FieldDescriptor, getThis());
+  RETURN_LONG(upb_fielddef_label(intern->fielddef));
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(FieldDescriptor, getType) {
+  FieldDescriptor *intern = UNBOX(FieldDescriptor, getThis());
+  RETURN_LONG(upb_fielddef_descriptortype(intern->fielddef));
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(FieldDescriptor, isMap) {
+  FieldDescriptor *intern = UNBOX(FieldDescriptor, getThis());
+  RETURN_BOOL(upb_fielddef_ismap(intern->fielddef));
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(FieldDescriptor, getEnumType) {
+  FieldDescriptor *intern = UNBOX(FieldDescriptor, getThis());
+  if (upb_fielddef_type(intern->fielddef) != UPB_TYPE_ENUM) {
+    zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+                            "Cannot get enum type for non-enum field '%s'",
+                            upb_fielddef_name(intern->fielddef));
+    return;
+  }
+  const upb_enumdef *enumdef = upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(intern->fielddef);
+  PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE desc_php = get_def_obj(enumdef);
+
+  if (desc_php == NULL) {
+    EnumDescriptorInternal* intern = get_enumdef_enumdesc(enumdef);
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(desc_php);
+    ZVAL_OBJ(desc_php, enum_descriptor_type->create_object(
+                                        enum_descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC));
+    Z_DELREF_P(desc_php);
+#else
+    desc_php =
+        enum_descriptor_type->create_object(enum_descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC);
+    GC_DELREF(desc_php);
+#endif
+    EnumDescriptor* desc = UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(EnumDescriptor, desc_php);
+    desc->intern = intern;
+    add_def_obj(enumdef, desc_php);
+    add_ce_obj(intern->klass, desc_php);
+  }
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  RETURN_ZVAL(desc_php, 1, 0);
+#else
+  GC_ADDREF(desc_php);
+  RETURN_OBJ(desc_php);
+#endif
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(FieldDescriptor, getMessageType) {
+  FieldDescriptor *intern = UNBOX(FieldDescriptor, getThis());
+  if (upb_fielddef_type(intern->fielddef) != UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    zend_throw_exception_ex(
+        NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC, "Cannot get message type for non-message field '%s'",
+        upb_fielddef_name(intern->fielddef));
+    return;
+  }
+  const upb_msgdef *msgdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(intern->fielddef);
+  PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE desc_php = get_def_obj(msgdef);
+
+  if (desc_php == NULL) {
+    DescriptorInternal* intern = get_msgdef_desc(msgdef);
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(desc_php);
+    ZVAL_OBJ(desc_php, descriptor_type->create_object(
+                                   descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC));
+    Z_DELREF_P(desc_php);
+#else
+    desc_php =
+        descriptor_type->create_object(descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC);
+    GC_DELREF(desc_php);
+#endif
+    Descriptor* desc = UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(Descriptor, desc_php);
+    desc->intern = intern;
+    add_def_obj(msgdef, desc_php);
+    add_ce_obj(intern->klass, desc_php);
+  }
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  RETURN_ZVAL(desc_php, 1, 0);
+#else
+  GC_ADDREF(desc_php);
+  RETURN_OBJ(desc_php);
+#endif
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Oneof
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static zend_function_entry oneof_descriptor_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Oneof, getName,  NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Oneof, getField, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Oneof, getFieldCount, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  ZEND_FE_END
+};
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(Oneof, oneof_descriptor,
+             "Google\\Protobuf\\OneofDescriptor");
+
+static void oneof_descriptor_free_c(Oneof *self TSRMLS_DC) {
+}
+
+static void oneof_descriptor_init_c_instance(Oneof *self TSRMLS_DC) {
+  self->oneofdef = NULL;
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Oneof, getName) {
+  Oneof *intern = UNBOX(Oneof, getThis());
+  const char *name = upb_oneofdef_name(intern->oneofdef);
+  PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_STRINGL(name, strlen(name), 1);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Oneof, getField) {
+  long index;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &index) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Expect integer for index.\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Oneof *intern = UNBOX(Oneof, getThis());
+  int field_num = upb_oneofdef_numfields(intern->oneofdef);
+  if (index < 0 || index >= field_num) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Cannot get element at %ld.\n", index);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  upb_oneof_iter iter;
+  int i;
+  for(upb_oneof_begin(&iter, intern->oneofdef), i = 0;
+      !upb_oneof_done(&iter) && i < index;
+      upb_oneof_next(&iter), i++);
+  const upb_fielddef *field = upb_oneof_iter_field(&iter);
+
+  PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE field_hashtable_value = get_def_obj(field);
+  if (field_hashtable_value == NULL) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(field_hashtable_value);
+    ZVAL_OBJ(field_hashtable_value, field_descriptor_type->create_object(
+                                        field_descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC));
+#else
+    field_hashtable_value =
+        field_descriptor_type->create_object(field_descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC);
+#endif
+    FieldDescriptor *field_php =
+        UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(FieldDescriptor, field_hashtable_value);
+    field_php->fielddef = field;
+    add_def_obj(field, field_hashtable_value);
+  }
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  RETURN_ZVAL(field_hashtable_value, 1, 0);
+#else
+  GC_ADDREF(field_hashtable_value);
+  RETURN_OBJ(field_hashtable_value);
+#endif
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Oneof, getFieldCount) {
+  Oneof *intern = UNBOX(Oneof, getThis());
+  RETURN_LONG(upb_oneofdef_numfields(intern->oneofdef));
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// DescriptorPool
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static zend_function_entry descriptor_pool_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(DescriptorPool, getGeneratedPool, NULL,
+         ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(DescriptorPool, getDescriptorByClassName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(DescriptorPool, getEnumDescriptorByClassName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  ZEND_FE_END
+};
+
+static zend_function_entry internal_descriptor_pool_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(InternalDescriptorPool, getGeneratedPool, NULL,
+         ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(InternalDescriptorPool, internalAddGeneratedFile, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  ZEND_FE_END
+};
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(DescriptorPool, descriptor_pool,
+             "Google\\Protobuf\\DescriptorPool");
+DEFINE_CLASS(InternalDescriptorPool, internal_descriptor_pool,
+             "Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\DescriptorPool");
+
+// wrapper of generated pool
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+zval* generated_pool_php;
+zval* internal_generated_pool_php;
+#else
+zend_object *generated_pool_php;
+zend_object *internal_generated_pool_php;
+#endif
+InternalDescriptorPoolImpl *generated_pool;
+InternalDescriptorPoolImpl generated_pool_impl;  // The actual generated pool
+
+void init_generated_pool_once(TSRMLS_D) {
+  if (generated_pool == NULL) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(generated_pool_php);
+    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(internal_generated_pool_php);
+    ZVAL_OBJ(internal_generated_pool_php,
+             internal_descriptor_pool_type->create_object(
+                 internal_descriptor_pool_type TSRMLS_CC));
+    ZVAL_OBJ(generated_pool_php, descriptor_pool_type->create_object(
+                                     descriptor_pool_type TSRMLS_CC));
+#else
+    internal_generated_pool_php = internal_descriptor_pool_type->create_object(
+        internal_descriptor_pool_type TSRMLS_CC);
+    generated_pool_php =
+        descriptor_pool_type->create_object(descriptor_pool_type TSRMLS_CC);
+#endif
+    generated_pool = &generated_pool_impl;
+  }
+}
+
+static void internal_descriptor_pool_init_c_instance(
+    InternalDescriptorPool *pool TSRMLS_DC) {
+  pool->intern = &generated_pool_impl;
+}
+
+static void internal_descriptor_pool_free_c(
+    InternalDescriptorPool *pool TSRMLS_DC) {
+}
+
+void internal_descriptor_pool_impl_init(
+    InternalDescriptorPoolImpl *pool TSRMLS_DC) {
+  pool->symtab = upb_symtab_new();
+  pool->fill_handler_cache =
+      upb_handlercache_new(add_handlers_for_message, NULL);
+  pool->pb_serialize_handler_cache = upb_pb_encoder_newcache();
+  pool->json_serialize_handler_cache = upb_json_printer_newcache(false);
+  pool->json_serialize_handler_preserve_cache = upb_json_printer_newcache(true);
+  pool->fill_method_cache = upb_pbcodecache_new(pool->fill_handler_cache);
+  pool->json_fill_method_cache = upb_json_codecache_new();
+}
+
+void internal_descriptor_pool_impl_destroy(
+    InternalDescriptorPoolImpl *pool TSRMLS_DC) {
+  upb_symtab_free(pool->symtab);
+  upb_handlercache_free(pool->fill_handler_cache);
+  upb_handlercache_free(pool->pb_serialize_handler_cache);
+  upb_handlercache_free(pool->json_serialize_handler_cache);
+  upb_handlercache_free(pool->json_serialize_handler_preserve_cache);
+  upb_pbcodecache_free(pool->fill_method_cache);
+  upb_json_codecache_free(pool->json_fill_method_cache);
+}
+
+static void descriptor_pool_init_c_instance(DescriptorPool *pool TSRMLS_DC) {
+  assert(generated_pool != NULL);
+  pool->intern = generated_pool;
+}
+
+static void descriptor_pool_free_c(DescriptorPool *pool TSRMLS_DC) {
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(DescriptorPool, getGeneratedPool) {
+  init_generated_pool_once(TSRMLS_C);
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  RETURN_ZVAL(generated_pool_php, 1, 0);
+#else
+  GC_ADDREF(generated_pool_php);
+  RETURN_OBJ(generated_pool_php);
+#endif
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(InternalDescriptorPool, getGeneratedPool) {
+  init_generated_pool_once(TSRMLS_C);
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  RETURN_ZVAL(internal_generated_pool_php, 1, 0);
+#else
+  GC_ADDREF(internal_generated_pool_php);
+  RETURN_OBJ(internal_generated_pool_php);
+#endif
+}
+
+static bool is_reserved(const char *segment, int length) {
+  bool result;
+  char* lower = ALLOC_N(char, length + 1);
+  memset(lower, 0, length + 1);
+  memcpy(lower, segment, length);
+  int i = 0;
+  while(lower[i]) {
+    lower[i] = (char)tolower(lower[i]);
+    i++;
+  }
+  lower[length] = 0;
+  result = is_reserved_name(lower);
+  FREE(lower);
+  return result;
+}
+
+static void fill_prefix(const char *segment, int length,
+                        const char *prefix_given,
+                        const char *package_name,
+                        stringsink *classname) {
+  if (prefix_given != NULL && strcmp(prefix_given, "") != 0) {
+    stringsink_string(classname, NULL, prefix_given,
+                      strlen(prefix_given), NULL);
+  } else {
+    if (is_reserved(segment, length)) {
+      if (package_name != NULL &&
+          strcmp("google.protobuf", package_name) == 0) {
+        stringsink_string(classname, NULL, "GPB", 3, NULL);
+      } else {
+        stringsink_string(classname, NULL, "PB", 2, NULL);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void fill_segment(const char *segment, int length,
+                         stringsink *classname, bool use_camel) {
+  if (use_camel && (segment[0] < 'A' || segment[0] > 'Z')) {
+    char first = segment[0] + ('A' - 'a');
+    stringsink_string(classname, NULL, &first, 1, NULL);
+    stringsink_string(classname, NULL, segment + 1, length - 1, NULL);
+  } else {
+    stringsink_string(classname, NULL, segment, length, NULL);
+  }
+}
+
+static void fill_namespace(const char *package, const char *php_namespace,
+                           stringsink *classname) {
+  if (php_namespace != NULL) {
+    if (strlen(php_namespace) != 0) {
+      stringsink_string(classname, NULL, php_namespace, strlen(php_namespace),
+                        NULL);
+      stringsink_string(classname, NULL, "\\", 1, NULL);
+    }
+  } else if (package != NULL) {
+    int i = 0, j = 0;
+    size_t package_len = strlen(package);
+    while (i < package_len) {
+      j = i;
+      while (j < package_len && package[j] != '.') {
+        j++;
+      }
+      fill_prefix(package + i, j - i, "", package, classname);
+      fill_segment(package + i, j - i, classname, true);
+      stringsink_string(classname, NULL, "\\", 1, NULL);
+      i = j + 1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void fill_classname(const char *fullname,
+                           const char *package,
+                           const char *prefix,
+                           stringsink *classname,
+                           bool use_nested_submsg) {
+  int classname_start = 0;
+  if (package != NULL) {
+    size_t package_len = strlen(package);
+    classname_start = package_len == 0 ? 0 : package_len + 1;
+  }
+  size_t fullname_len = strlen(fullname);
+  bool is_first_segment = true;
+
+  int i = classname_start, j;
+  while (i < fullname_len) {
+    j = i;
+    while (j < fullname_len && fullname[j] != '.') {
+      j++;
+    }
+    if (use_nested_submsg || (is_first_segment && j == fullname_len)) {
+      fill_prefix(fullname + i, j - i, prefix, package, classname);
+    }
+    is_first_segment = false;
+    fill_segment(fullname + i, j - i, classname, false);
+    if (j != fullname_len) {
+      if (use_nested_submsg) {
+        stringsink_string(classname, NULL, "\\", 1, NULL);
+      } else {
+        stringsink_string(classname, NULL, "_", 1, NULL);
+      }
+    }
+    i = j + 1;
+  }
+}
+
+static void fill_classname_for_desc(void *desc, bool is_enum) {
+  const upb_filedef *file;
+  const char *fullname;
+  bool use_nested_submsg;
+
+  if (is_enum) {
+    EnumDescriptorInternal* enumdesc = desc;
+    file = upb_enumdef_file(enumdesc->enumdef);
+    fullname = upb_enumdef_fullname(enumdesc->enumdef);
+    use_nested_submsg = enumdesc->use_nested_submsg;
+  } else {
+    DescriptorInternal* msgdesc = desc;
+    file = upb_msgdef_file(msgdesc->msgdef);
+    fullname = upb_msgdef_fullname(msgdesc->msgdef);
+    use_nested_submsg = msgdesc->use_nested_submsg;
+  }
+
+  // Prepend '.' to package name to make it absolute. In the 5 additional
+  // bytes allocated, one for '.', one for trailing 0, and 3 for 'GPB' if
+  // given message is google.protobuf.Empty.
+  const char *package = upb_filedef_package(file);
+  const char *php_namespace = upb_filedef_phpnamespace(file);
+  const char *prefix = upb_filedef_phpprefix(file);
+  stringsink namesink;
+  stringsink_init(&namesink);
+
+  fill_namespace(package, php_namespace, &namesink);
+  fill_classname(fullname, package, prefix, &namesink, use_nested_submsg);
+  stringsink_string(&namesink, NULL, "\0", 1, NULL);
+
+  if (is_enum) {
+    EnumDescriptorInternal* enumdesc = desc;
+    enumdesc->classname = strdup(namesink.ptr);
+  } else {
+    DescriptorInternal* msgdesc = desc;
+    msgdesc->classname = strdup(namesink.ptr);
+  }
+
+  stringsink_uninit(&namesink);
+}
+
+void register_class(void *desc, bool is_enum TSRMLS_DC) {
+  const char *classname;
+  const char *fullname;
+  zend_class_entry* ret;
+
+  if (is_enum) {
+    EnumDescriptorInternal* enumdesc = desc;
+    if (enumdesc->klass) {
+      return;
+    }
+    classname = enumdesc->classname;
+    fullname = upb_enumdef_fullname(enumdesc->enumdef);
+  } else {
+    DescriptorInternal* msgdesc = desc;
+    if (msgdesc->klass) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!msgdesc->classname) {
+      return;
+    }
+    classname = msgdesc->classname;
+    fullname = upb_msgdef_fullname(msgdesc->msgdef);
+  }
+
+  PHP_PROTO_CE_DECLARE pce;
+  if (php_proto_zend_lookup_class(classname, strlen(classname), &pce) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    zend_error(
+        E_ERROR,
+        "Generated message class %s hasn't been defined (%s)",
+        classname, fullname);
+    return;
+  }
+  ret = PHP_PROTO_CE_UNREF(pce);
+  if (is_enum) {
+    EnumDescriptorInternal* enumdesc = desc;
+    add_ce_enumdesc(ret, desc);
+    enumdesc->klass = ret;
+  } else {
+    DescriptorInternal* msgdesc = desc;
+    add_ce_desc(ret, desc);
+    msgdesc->klass = ret;
+    // Map entries don't have existing php class.
+    if (!upb_msgdef_mapentry(msgdesc->msgdef)) {
+      if (msgdesc->layout == NULL) {
+        MessageLayout* layout = create_layout(msgdesc->msgdef);
+        msgdesc->layout = layout;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool depends_on_descriptor(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* file) {
+  const upb_strview *deps;
+  upb_strview name = upb_strview_makez("google/protobuf/descriptor.proto");
+  size_t i, n;
+
+  deps = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_dependency(file, &n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    if (upb_strview_eql(deps[i], name)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+static void internal_add_single_generated_file(
+    const upb_filedef* file,
+    InternalDescriptorPoolImpl* pool,
+    bool use_nested_submsg TSRMLS_DC) {
+  size_t i;
+  // For each enum/message, we need its PHP class, upb descriptor and its PHP
+  // wrapper. These information are needed later for encoding, decoding and type
+  // checking. However, sometimes we just have one of them. In order to find
+  // them quickly, here, we store the mapping for them.
+  for (i = 0; i < upb_filedef_msgcount(file); i++) {
+    const upb_msgdef *msgdef = upb_filedef_msg(file, i);
+    CREATE_HASHTABLE_VALUE(desc, desc_php, Descriptor, descriptor_type);
+    desc->intern = SYS_MALLOC(DescriptorInternal);
+    desc->intern->msgdef = msgdef;
+    desc->intern->pool = pool;
+    desc->intern->layout = NULL;
+    desc->intern->klass = NULL;
+    desc->intern->use_nested_submsg = use_nested_submsg;
+    desc->intern->classname = NULL;
+
+    add_def_obj(desc->intern->msgdef, desc_php);
+    add_msgdef_desc(desc->intern->msgdef, desc->intern);
+
+    // Unlike other messages, MapEntry is shared by all map fields and doesn't
+    // have generated PHP class.
+    if (upb_msgdef_mapentry(msgdef)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    fill_classname_for_desc(desc->intern, false);
+    add_class_desc(desc->intern->classname, desc->intern);
+    add_proto_desc(upb_msgdef_fullname(desc->intern->msgdef), desc->intern);
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < upb_filedef_enumcount(file); i++) {
+    const upb_enumdef *enumdef = upb_filedef_enum(file, i);
+    CREATE_HASHTABLE_VALUE(desc, desc_php, EnumDescriptor, enum_descriptor_type);
+    desc->intern = SYS_MALLOC(EnumDescriptorInternal);
+    desc->intern->enumdef = enumdef;
+    desc->intern->klass = NULL;
+    desc->intern->use_nested_submsg = use_nested_submsg;
+    desc->intern->classname = NULL;
+
+    add_def_obj(desc->intern->enumdef, desc_php);
+    add_enumdef_enumdesc(desc->intern->enumdef, desc->intern);
+    fill_classname_for_desc(desc->intern, true);
+    add_class_enumdesc(desc->intern->classname, desc->intern);
+  }
+}
+
+const bool parse_and_add_descriptor(const char *data,
+                                    PHP_PROTO_SIZE data_len,
+                                    InternalDescriptorPoolImpl *pool,
+                                    upb_arena *arena,
+                                    bool use_nested_submsg TSRMLS_DC) {
+  size_t i, n;
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *set;
+  const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* const* files;
+  const upb_filedef* file;
+  upb_status status;
+
+  set = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_parse(
+      data, data_len, arena);
+
+  if (!set) {
+    zend_error(E_ERROR, "Failed to parse binary descriptor\n");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  files = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_file(set, &n);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    // Check whether file has already been added.
+    upb_strview name = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_name(files[i]);
+    // TODO(teboring): Needs another look up method which takes data and length.
+    file = upb_symtab_lookupfile2(pool->symtab, name.data, name.size);
+    if (file != NULL) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // The PHP code generator currently special-cases descriptor.proto.  It
+    // doesn't add it as a dependency even if the proto file actually does
+    // depend on it.
+    if (depends_on_descriptor(files[i]) &&
+        upb_symtab_lookupfile(
+            pool->symtab, "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto") ==
+                NULL) {
+      if (!parse_and_add_descriptor((char *)descriptor_proto,
+                                    descriptor_proto_len, pool, arena,
+                                    use_nested_submsg TSRMLS_CC)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    upb_status_clear(&status);
+    file = upb_symtab_addfile(pool->symtab, files[i], &status);
+    check_upb_status(&status, "Unable to load descriptor");
+
+    internal_add_single_generated_file(file, pool, use_nested_submsg TSRMLS_CC);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void internal_add_generated_file(const char *data, PHP_PROTO_SIZE data_len,
+                                 InternalDescriptorPoolImpl *pool,
+                                 bool use_nested_submsg TSRMLS_DC) {
+  int i;
+  upb_arena *arena;
+
+  arena = upb_arena_new();
+  parse_and_add_descriptor(data, data_len, pool, arena,
+                           use_nested_submsg TSRMLS_CC);
+  upb_arena_free(arena);
+  return;
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(InternalDescriptorPool, internalAddGeneratedFile) {
+  char *data = NULL;
+  PHP_PROTO_SIZE data_len;
+  zend_bool use_nested_submsg = false;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s|b",
+                            &data, &data_len, &use_nested_submsg) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  InternalDescriptorPool *pool = UNBOX(InternalDescriptorPool, getThis());
+  internal_add_generated_file(data, data_len, pool->intern,
+                              use_nested_submsg TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(DescriptorPool, getDescriptorByClassName) {
+  char *classname = NULL;
+  PHP_PROTO_SIZE classname_len;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &classname,
+                            &classname_len) == FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  PHP_PROTO_CE_DECLARE pce;
+  if (php_proto_zend_lookup_class(classname, classname_len, &pce) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    RETURN_NULL();
+  }
+
+  PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE desc_php = get_ce_obj(PHP_PROTO_CE_UNREF(pce));
+  if (desc_php == NULL) {
+    DescriptorInternal* intern = get_ce_desc(PHP_PROTO_CE_UNREF(pce));
+    if (intern == NULL) {
+      RETURN_NULL();
+    }
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(desc_php);
+    ZVAL_OBJ(desc_php, descriptor_type->create_object(
+                                   descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC));
+    Z_DELREF_P(desc_php);
+#else
+    desc_php =
+        descriptor_type->create_object(descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC);
+    GC_DELREF(desc_php);
+#endif
+    Descriptor* desc = UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(Descriptor, desc_php);
+    desc->intern = intern;
+    add_def_obj(intern->msgdef, desc_php);
+    add_ce_obj(PHP_PROTO_CE_UNREF(pce), desc_php);
+  }
+
+  zend_class_entry* instance_ce = HASHTABLE_VALUE_CE(desc_php);
+
+  if (!instanceof_function(instance_ce, descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC)) {
+    RETURN_NULL();
+  }
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  RETURN_ZVAL(desc_php, 1, 0);
+#else
+  GC_ADDREF(desc_php);
+  RETURN_OBJ(desc_php);
+#endif
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(DescriptorPool, getEnumDescriptorByClassName) {
+  char *classname = NULL;
+  PHP_PROTO_SIZE classname_len;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &classname,
+                            &classname_len) == FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  PHP_PROTO_CE_DECLARE pce;
+  if (php_proto_zend_lookup_class(classname, classname_len, &pce) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    RETURN_NULL();
+  }
+
+  zend_class_entry* ce = PHP_PROTO_CE_UNREF(pce);
+
+  PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE desc_php = get_ce_obj(ce);
+  if (desc_php == NULL) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    EnumDescriptorInternal* intern = get_class_enumdesc(ce->name);
+#else
+    EnumDescriptorInternal* intern = get_class_enumdesc(ZSTR_VAL(ce->name));
+#endif
+    register_class(intern, true TSRMLS_CC);
+
+    if (intern == NULL) {
+      RETURN_NULL();
+    }
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(desc_php);
+    ZVAL_OBJ(desc_php, enum_descriptor_type->create_object(
+                                        enum_descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC));
+    Z_DELREF_P(desc_php);
+#else
+    desc_php =
+        enum_descriptor_type->create_object(enum_descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC);
+    GC_DELREF(desc_php);
+#endif
+    EnumDescriptor* desc = UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(EnumDescriptor, desc_php);
+    desc->intern = intern;
+    add_def_obj(intern->enumdef, desc_php);
+    add_ce_obj(ce, desc_php);
+  }
+
+  zend_class_entry* instance_ce = HASHTABLE_VALUE_CE(desc_php);
+
+  if (!instanceof_function(instance_ce, enum_descriptor_type TSRMLS_CC)) {
+    RETURN_NULL();
+  }
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  RETURN_ZVAL(desc_php, 1, 0);
+#else
+  GC_ADDREF(desc_php);
+  RETURN_OBJ(desc_php);
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/encode_decode.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/encode_decode.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8eaa5d22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/encode_decode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2283 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+#include <php.h>
+#include <Zend/zend_exceptions.h>
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+/* stringsink *****************************************************************/
+
+static void *stringsink_start(void *_sink, const void *hd, size_t size_hint) {
+  stringsink *sink = _sink;
+  sink->len = 0;
+  return sink;
+}
+
+size_t stringsink_string(void *_sink, const void *hd, const char *ptr,
+                         size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  stringsink *sink = _sink;
+  size_t new_size = sink->size;
+
+  PHP_PROTO_UNUSED(hd);
+  PHP_PROTO_UNUSED(handle);
+
+  while (sink->len + len > new_size) {
+    new_size *= 2;
+  }
+
+  if (new_size != sink->size) {
+    sink->ptr = realloc(sink->ptr, new_size);
+    sink->size = new_size;
+  }
+
+  memcpy(sink->ptr + sink->len, ptr, len);
+  sink->len += len;
+
+  return len;
+}
+
+void stringsink_init(stringsink *sink) {
+  upb_byteshandler_init(&sink->handler);
+  upb_byteshandler_setstartstr(&sink->handler, stringsink_start, NULL);
+  upb_byteshandler_setstring(&sink->handler, stringsink_string, NULL);
+
+  upb_bytessink_reset(&sink->sink, &sink->handler, sink);
+
+  sink->size = 32;
+  sink->ptr = malloc(sink->size);
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(sink->ptr != NULL);
+  sink->len = 0;
+}
+
+void stringsink_uninit(stringsink *sink) { free(sink->ptr); }
+
+void stringsink_uninit_opaque(void *sink) { stringsink_uninit(sink); }
+
+/* stackenv *****************************************************************/
+
+// Stack-allocated context during an encode/decode operation. Contains the upb
+// environment and its stack-based allocator, an initial buffer for allocations
+// to avoid malloc() when possible, and a template for PHP exception messages
+// if any error occurs.
+#define STACK_ENV_STACKBYTES 4096
+typedef struct {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  upb_status status;
+  const char *php_error_template;
+  char allocbuf[STACK_ENV_STACKBYTES];
+} stackenv;
+
+
+static void stackenv_init(stackenv* se, const char* errmsg);
+static void stackenv_uninit(stackenv* se);
+
+static void stackenv_init(stackenv* se, const char* errmsg) {
+  se->php_error_template = errmsg;
+  se->arena = upb_arena_new();
+  upb_status_clear(&se->status);
+}
+
+static void stackenv_uninit(stackenv* se) {
+  upb_arena_free(se->arena);
+
+  if (!upb_ok(&se->status)) {
+    // TODO(teboring): have a way to verify that this is actually a parse error,
+    // instead of just throwing "parse error" unconditionally.
+    TSRMLS_FETCH();
+    zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC, se->php_error_template,
+                            upb_status_errmsg(&se->status));
+  }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Parsing.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool is_wrapper_msg(const upb_msgdef* m) {
+  switch (upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(m)) {
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_DOUBLEVALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_FLOATVALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT64VALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT64VALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT32VALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT32VALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRINGVALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_BYTESVALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  void* closure;
+  void* submsg;
+  bool is_msg;
+} wrapperfields_parseframe_t;
+
+#define DEREF(msg, ofs, type) *(type*)(((uint8_t *)msg) + ofs)
+
+// Creates a handlerdata that simply contains the offset for this field.
+static const void* newhandlerdata(upb_handlers* h, uint32_t ofs) {
+  size_t* hd_ofs = (size_t*)malloc(sizeof(size_t));
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(hd_ofs != NULL);
+  *hd_ofs = ofs;
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd_ofs, free);
+  return hd_ofs;
+}
+
+static const void* newhandlerfielddata(
+    upb_handlers* h, const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  const void** hd_field = malloc(sizeof(void*));
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(hd_field != NULL);
+  *hd_field = field;
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd_field, free);
+  return hd_field;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  void* closure;
+  stringsink sink;
+} stringfields_parseframe_t;
+
+typedef size_t (*encodeunknown_handlerfunc)(void* _sink, const void* hd,
+                                            const char* ptr, size_t len,
+                                            const upb_bufhandle* handle);
+
+typedef struct {
+  encodeunknown_handlerfunc handler;
+} unknownfields_handlerdata_t;
+
+// Creates a handlerdata for unknown fields.
+static const void *newunknownfieldshandlerdata(upb_handlers* h) {
+  unknownfields_handlerdata_t* hd =
+      (unknownfields_handlerdata_t*)malloc(sizeof(unknownfields_handlerdata_t));
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(hd != NULL);
+  hd->handler = stringsink_string;
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd, free);
+  return hd;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_fielddef *fd;
+  size_t ofs;
+  const upb_msgdef *md;
+} submsg_handlerdata_t;
+
+// Creates a handlerdata that contains field and submessage type information.
+static const void *newsubmsghandlerdata(upb_handlers* h, uint32_t ofs,
+                                        const upb_fielddef* f) {
+  submsg_handlerdata_t* hd =
+      (submsg_handlerdata_t*)malloc(sizeof(submsg_handlerdata_t));
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(hd != NULL);
+  hd->fd = f;
+  hd->ofs = ofs;
+  hd->md = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f);
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd, free);
+  return hd;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  size_t ofs;              // union data slot
+  size_t case_ofs;         // oneof_case field
+  int property_ofs;        // properties table cache
+  uint32_t oneof_case_num; // oneof-case number to place in oneof_case field
+  const upb_msgdef *md;    // msgdef, for oneof submessage handler
+  const upb_msgdef *parent_md;  // msgdef, for parent submessage
+} oneof_handlerdata_t;
+
+static const void *newoneofhandlerdata(upb_handlers *h,
+                                       uint32_t ofs,
+                                       uint32_t case_ofs,
+                                       int property_ofs,
+                                       const upb_msgdef *m,
+                                       const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  oneof_handlerdata_t* hd =
+      (oneof_handlerdata_t*)malloc(sizeof(oneof_handlerdata_t));
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(hd != NULL);
+  hd->ofs = ofs;
+  hd->case_ofs = case_ofs;
+  hd->property_ofs = property_ofs;
+  hd->parent_md = m;
+  // We reuse the field tag number as a oneof union discriminant tag. Note that
+  // we don't expose these numbers to the user, so the only requirement is that
+  // we have some unique ID for each union case/possibility. The field tag
+  // numbers are already present and are easy to use so there's no reason to
+  // create a separate ID space. In addition, using the field tag number here
+  // lets us easily look up the field in the oneof accessor.
+  hd->oneof_case_num = upb_fielddef_number(f);
+  if (upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    hd->md = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f);
+  } else {
+    hd->md = NULL;
+  }
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd, free);
+  return hd;
+}
+
+// A handler that starts a repeated field.  Gets the Repeated*Field instance for
+// this field (such an instance always exists even in an empty message).
+static void *startseq_handler(void* closure, const void* hd) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const upb_fielddef** field = (const upb_fielddef**) hd;
+  CACHED_VALUE* cache = find_zval_property(msg, *field);
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  repeated_field_ensure_created(*field, cache PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+  return CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache);
+}
+
+// Handlers that append primitive values to a repeated field.
+#define DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(type, ctype)                          \
+  static bool append##type##_handler(void* closure, const void* hd, \
+                                     ctype val) {                   \
+    zval* array = (zval*)closure;                                   \
+    TSRMLS_FETCH();                                                 \
+    RepeatedField* intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, array);            \
+    repeated_field_push_native(intern, &val);                       \
+    return true;                                                    \
+  }
+
+DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(bool,   bool)
+DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(int32,  int32_t)
+DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(uint32, uint32_t)
+DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(float,  float)
+DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(int64,  int64_t)
+DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(uint64, uint64_t)
+DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(double, double)
+
+// Appends a string or 'bytes' string to a repeated field.
+static void* appendstr_handler(void *closure,
+                               const void *hd,
+                               size_t size_hint) {
+  PHP_PROTO_UNUSED(hd);
+
+  stringfields_parseframe_t* frame =
+      (stringfields_parseframe_t*)malloc(sizeof(stringfields_parseframe_t));
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(frame != NULL);
+  frame->closure = closure;
+  stringsink_init(&frame->sink);
+
+  return frame;
+}
+
+static bool appendstr_end_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  stringfields_parseframe_t* frame = closure;
+
+  zval* array = (zval*)frame->closure;
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  RepeatedField* intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, array);
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  zval* str;
+  MAKE_STD_ZVAL(str);
+  PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRINGL(str, frame->sink.ptr, frame->sink.len, 1);
+  repeated_field_push_native(intern, &str);
+#else
+  zend_string* str = zend_string_init(frame->sink.ptr, frame->sink.len, 1);
+  repeated_field_push_native(intern, &str);
+#endif
+
+  stringsink_uninit(&frame->sink);
+  free(frame);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Handlers that append primitive values to a repeated field.
+#define DEFINE_SINGULAR_HANDLER(type, ctype)                \
+  static bool type##_handler(void* closure, const void* hd, \
+                                     ctype val) {           \
+    MessageHeader* msg = (MessageHeader*)closure;           \
+    const size_t *ofs = hd;                                 \
+    DEREF(message_data(msg), *ofs, ctype) = val;            \
+    return true;                                            \
+  }
+
+DEFINE_SINGULAR_HANDLER(bool,   bool)
+DEFINE_SINGULAR_HANDLER(int32,  int32_t)
+DEFINE_SINGULAR_HANDLER(uint32, uint32_t)
+DEFINE_SINGULAR_HANDLER(float,  float)
+DEFINE_SINGULAR_HANDLER(int64,  int64_t)
+DEFINE_SINGULAR_HANDLER(uint64, uint64_t)
+DEFINE_SINGULAR_HANDLER(double, double)
+
+#undef DEFINE_SINGULAR_HANDLER
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+static void new_php_string(zval** value_ptr, const char* str, size_t len) {
+  SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(value_ptr);
+  if (Z_TYPE_PP(value_ptr) == IS_STRING &&
+      !IS_INTERNED(Z_STRVAL_PP(value_ptr))) {
+    FREE(Z_STRVAL_PP(value_ptr));
+  }
+  ZVAL_STRINGL(*value_ptr, str, len, 1);
+}
+#else
+static void new_php_string(zval* value_ptr, const char* str, size_t len) {
+  if (Z_TYPE_P(value_ptr) == IS_STRING) {
+    zend_string_release(Z_STR_P(value_ptr));
+  }
+  ZVAL_NEW_STR(value_ptr, zend_string_init(str, len, 0));
+}
+#endif
+
+// Sets a non-repeated string/bytes field in a message.
+static void* str_handler(void *closure,
+                         const void *hd,
+                         size_t size_hint) {
+  PHP_PROTO_UNUSED(hd);
+
+  stringfields_parseframe_t* frame =
+      (stringfields_parseframe_t*)malloc(sizeof(stringfields_parseframe_t));
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(frame != NULL);
+  frame->closure = closure;
+  stringsink_init(&frame->sink);
+
+  return frame;
+}
+
+static bool str_end_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  stringfields_parseframe_t* frame = closure;
+  const upb_fielddef **field = (const upb_fielddef **) hd;
+  MessageHeader* msg = (MessageHeader*)frame->closure;
+
+  CACHED_VALUE* cached = find_zval_property(msg, *field);
+
+  new_php_string(cached, frame->sink.ptr, frame->sink.len);
+
+  stringsink_uninit(&frame->sink);
+  free(frame);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool map_str_end_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  stringfields_parseframe_t* frame = closure;
+  const size_t *ofs = hd;
+  MessageHeader* msg = (MessageHeader*)frame->closure;
+
+  new_php_string(DEREF(message_data(msg), *ofs, CACHED_VALUE*),
+                 frame->sink.ptr, frame->sink.len);
+
+  stringsink_uninit(&frame->sink);
+  free(frame);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static size_t stringdata_handler(void* closure, const void* hd,
+                                 const char* str, size_t len,
+                                 const upb_bufhandle* handle) {
+  stringfields_parseframe_t* frame = closure;
+  return stringsink_string(&frame->sink, hd, str, len, handle);
+}
+
+// Appends a submessage to a repeated field.
+static void *appendsubmsg_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  zval* array = (zval*)closure;
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  RepeatedField* intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, array);
+
+  const submsg_handlerdata_t *submsgdata = hd;
+  DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(submsgdata->md);
+  register_class(subdesc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_class_entry* subklass = subdesc->klass;
+  MessageHeader* submsg;
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  zval* val = NULL;
+  MAKE_STD_ZVAL(val);
+  ZVAL_OBJ(val, subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC));
+  repeated_field_push_native(intern, &val);
+  submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, val);
+#else
+  zend_object* obj = subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC);
+  repeated_field_push_native(intern, &obj);
+  submsg = (MessageHeader*)((char*)obj - XtOffsetOf(MessageHeader, std));
+#endif
+  custom_data_init(subklass, submsg PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+
+  return submsg;
+}
+
+// Appends a wrapper submessage to a repeated field.
+static void *appendwrappersubmsg_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  zval* array = (zval*)closure;
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  RepeatedField* intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, array);
+
+  const submsg_handlerdata_t *submsgdata = hd;
+  DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(submsgdata->md);
+  register_class(subdesc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_class_entry* subklass = subdesc->klass;
+  MessageHeader* submsg;
+  wrapperfields_parseframe_t* frame =
+      (wrapperfields_parseframe_t*)malloc(sizeof(wrapperfields_parseframe_t));
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  zval* val = NULL;
+  MAKE_STD_ZVAL(val);
+  ZVAL_OBJ(val, subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC));
+  repeated_field_push_native(intern, &val);
+  submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, val);
+#else
+  zend_object* obj = subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC);
+  repeated_field_push_native(intern, &obj);
+  submsg = (MessageHeader*)((char*)obj - XtOffsetOf(MessageHeader, std));
+#endif
+  custom_data_init(subklass, submsg PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+
+  frame->closure = closure;
+  frame->submsg = submsg;
+  frame->is_msg = true;
+
+  return frame;
+}
+
+// Sets a non-repeated submessage field in a message.
+static void *submsg_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const submsg_handlerdata_t* submsgdata = hd;
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(submsgdata->md);
+  register_class(subdesc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_class_entry* subklass = subdesc->klass;
+  zval* submsg_php;
+  MessageHeader* submsg;
+
+  CACHED_VALUE* cached = find_zval_property(msg, submsgdata->fd);
+
+  if (Z_TYPE_P(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached)) == IS_NULL) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    zval val;
+    ZVAL_OBJ(&val, subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC));
+    MessageHeader* intern = UNBOX(MessageHeader, &val);
+    custom_data_init(subklass, intern PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+    REPLACE_ZVAL_VALUE(cached, &val, 1);
+    zval_dtor(&val);
+#else
+    zend_object* obj = subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC);
+    ZVAL_OBJ(cached, obj);
+    MessageHeader* intern = UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(MessageHeader, obj);
+    custom_data_init(subklass, intern PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  submsg_php = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached);
+
+  submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, submsg_php);
+  return submsg;
+}
+
+static void *map_submsg_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const submsg_handlerdata_t* submsgdata = hd;
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(submsgdata->md);
+  register_class(subdesc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_class_entry* subklass = subdesc->klass;
+  zval* submsg_php;
+  MessageHeader* submsg;
+
+  CACHED_VALUE* cached =
+      DEREF(message_data(msg), submsgdata->ofs, CACHED_VALUE*);
+
+  if (Z_TYPE_P(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached)) == IS_NULL) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    zval val;
+    ZVAL_OBJ(&val, subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC));
+    MessageHeader* intern = UNBOX(MessageHeader, &val);
+    custom_data_init(subklass, intern PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+    REPLACE_ZVAL_VALUE(cached, &val, 1);
+    zval_dtor(&val);
+#else
+    zend_object* obj = subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC);
+    ZVAL_OBJ(cached, obj);
+    MessageHeader* intern = UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(MessageHeader, obj);
+    custom_data_init(subklass, intern PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  submsg_php = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached);
+
+  submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, submsg_php);
+  return submsg;
+}
+
+static void *map_wrapper_submsg_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const submsg_handlerdata_t* submsgdata = hd;
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(submsgdata->md);
+  register_class(subdesc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_class_entry* subklass = subdesc->klass;
+  zval* submsg_php;
+  MessageHeader* submsg;
+  wrapperfields_parseframe_t* frame =
+      (wrapperfields_parseframe_t*)malloc(sizeof(wrapperfields_parseframe_t));
+
+  CACHED_VALUE* cached =
+      DEREF(message_data(msg), submsgdata->ofs, CACHED_VALUE*);
+
+  if (Z_TYPE_P(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached)) == IS_NULL) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    zval val;
+    ZVAL_OBJ(&val, subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC));
+    MessageHeader* intern = UNBOX(MessageHeader, &val);
+    custom_data_init(subklass, intern PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+    REPLACE_ZVAL_VALUE(cached, &val, 1);
+    zval_dtor(&val);
+#else
+    zend_object* obj = subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC);
+    ZVAL_OBJ(cached, obj);
+    MessageHeader* intern = UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(MessageHeader, obj);
+    custom_data_init(subklass, intern PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  submsg_php = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached);
+
+  submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, submsg_php);
+  frame->closure = closure;
+  frame->submsg = submsg;
+  frame->is_msg = true;
+  return frame;
+}
+
+// Handler data for startmap/endmap handlers.
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_fielddef* fd;
+  const upb_msgdef* value_md;
+  upb_fieldtype_t key_field_type;
+  upb_fieldtype_t value_field_type;
+} map_handlerdata_t;
+
+// Temporary frame for map parsing: at the beginning of a map entry message, a
+// submsg handler allocates a frame to hold (i) a reference to the Map object
+// into which this message will be inserted and (ii) storage slots to
+// temporarily hold the key and value for this map entry until the end of the
+// submessage. When the submessage ends, another handler is called to insert the
+// value into the map.
+typedef struct {
+  char key_storage[NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE];
+  char value_storage[NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE];
+} map_parse_frame_data_t;
+
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(map_parse_frame_t)
+  map_parse_frame_data_t* data;  // Place needs to be consistent with
+                                 // MessageHeader.
+  zval* map;
+  // In php7, we cannot allocate zval dynamically. So we need to add zval here
+  // to help decoding.
+  zval key_zval;
+  zval value_zval;
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END
+typedef struct map_parse_frame_t map_parse_frame_t;
+
+static void map_slot_init(
+    void* memory, upb_fieldtype_t type, zval* cache,
+    const upb_msgdef* value_msg PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      // Store zval** in memory in order to be consistent with the layout of
+      // singular fields.
+      zval** holder = ALLOC(zval*);
+      *(zval***)memory = holder;
+      zval* tmp;
+      MAKE_STD_ZVAL(tmp);
+      PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRINGL(tmp, "", 0, 1);
+      *holder = tmp;
+#else
+      *(zval**)memory = cache;
+      PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRINGL(*(zval**)memory, "", 0, 1);
+#endif
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(value_msg);
+      register_class(subdesc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+      zend_class_entry* subklass = subdesc->klass;
+      MessageHeader* submsg;
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      zval** holder = ALLOC(zval*);
+      zval* tmp;
+      MAKE_STD_ZVAL(tmp);
+      ZVAL_OBJ(tmp, subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC));
+      submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, tmp);
+      custom_data_init(subklass, submsg PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+      *holder = tmp;
+      *(zval***)memory = holder;
+#else
+      *(zval**)memory = cache;
+      ZVAL_OBJ(*(zval**)memory, subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC));
+      submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, cache);
+      custom_data_init(subklass, submsg PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+#endif
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      native_slot_init(type, memory, NULL);
+  }
+}
+
+static void map_slot_uninit(void* memory, upb_fieldtype_t type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      zval** holder = *(zval***)memory;
+      zval_ptr_dtor(holder);
+      FREE(holder);
+#else
+      php_proto_zval_ptr_dtor(*(zval**)memory);
+#endif
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+static void map_slot_key(upb_fieldtype_t type, const void* from,
+                         const char** keyval,
+                         size_t* length) {
+  if (type == UPB_TYPE_STRING) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    zval* key_php = **(zval***)from;
+#else
+    zval* key_php = *(zval**)from;
+#endif
+    *keyval = Z_STRVAL_P(key_php);
+    *length = Z_STRLEN_P(key_php);
+  } else {
+    *keyval = from;
+    *length = native_slot_size(type);
+  }
+}
+
+static void map_slot_value(upb_fieldtype_t type, const void* from,
+                           upb_value* v) {
+  size_t len;
+  void* to = upb_value_memory(v);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  v->ctype = UPB_CTYPE_UINT64;
+#endif
+
+  memset(to, 0, native_slot_size(type));
+
+  switch (type) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      *(zval**)to = **(zval***)from;
+      Z_ADDREF_PP((zval**)to);
+      break;
+    }
+#else
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      *(zend_string**)to = Z_STR_P(*(zval**)from);
+      zend_string_addref(*(zend_string**)to);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      if (!ZVAL_IS_NULL(*(zval**)from)) {
+        *(zend_object**)to = Z_OBJ_P(*(zval**)from);
+        GC_ADDREF(*(zend_object**)to);
+      }
+      break;
+#endif
+    default:
+      len = native_slot_size(type);
+      memcpy(to, from, len);
+  }
+}
+
+// Handler to begin a map entry: allocates a temporary frame. This is the
+// 'startsubmsg' handler on the msgdef that contains the map field.
+static void *startmapentry_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const map_handlerdata_t* mapdata = hd;
+  CACHED_VALUE* cache = find_zval_property(msg, mapdata->fd);
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  map_field_ensure_created(mapdata->fd, cache PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+  zval* map = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache);
+
+  map_parse_frame_t* frame = ALLOC(map_parse_frame_t);
+  frame->data = ALLOC(map_parse_frame_data_t);
+  frame->map = map;
+
+  map_slot_init(&frame->data->key_storage, mapdata->key_field_type,
+                &frame->key_zval, NULL PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+  map_slot_init(&frame->data->value_storage, mapdata->value_field_type,
+                &frame->value_zval, mapdata->value_md PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+
+  return frame;
+}
+
+// Handler to end a map entry: inserts the value defined during the message into
+// the map. This is the 'endmsg' handler on the map entry msgdef.
+static bool endmap_handler(void* closure, const void* hd, upb_status* s) {
+  map_parse_frame_t* frame = closure;
+  const map_handlerdata_t* mapdata = hd;
+
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  Map *map = UNBOX(Map, frame->map);
+
+  const char* keyval = NULL;
+  upb_value v;
+  size_t length;
+
+  map_slot_key(map->key_type, &frame->data->key_storage, &keyval, &length);
+  map_slot_value(map->value_type, &frame->data->value_storage, &v);
+
+  map_index_set(map, keyval, length, v);
+
+  map_slot_uninit(&frame->data->key_storage, mapdata->key_field_type);
+  map_slot_uninit(&frame->data->value_storage, mapdata->value_field_type);
+  FREE(frame->data);
+  FREE(frame);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Allocates a new map_handlerdata_t given the map entry message definition. If
+// the offset of the field within the parent message is also given, that is
+// added to the handler data as well. Note that this is called *twice* per map
+// field: once in the parent message handler setup when setting the startsubmsg
+// handler and once in the map entry message handler setup when setting the
+// key/value and endmsg handlers. The reason is that there is no easy way to
+// pass the handlerdata down to the sub-message handler setup.
+static map_handlerdata_t* new_map_handlerdata(
+    const upb_fielddef* field,
+    const upb_msgdef* mapentry_def) {
+  const upb_fielddef* key_field;
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field;
+  // TODO(teboring): Use emalloc and efree.
+  map_handlerdata_t* hd =
+      (map_handlerdata_t*)malloc(sizeof(map_handlerdata_t));
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(hd != NULL);
+  hd->fd = field;
+  key_field = upb_msgdef_itof(mapentry_def, MAP_KEY_FIELD);
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(key_field != NULL);
+  hd->key_field_type = upb_fielddef_type(key_field);
+  value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(mapentry_def, MAP_VALUE_FIELD);
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(value_field != NULL);
+  hd->value_field_type = upb_fielddef_type(value_field);
+  if (upb_fielddef_type(value_field) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    hd->value_md = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(value_field);
+  } else {
+    hd->value_md = NULL;
+  }
+
+  return hd;
+}
+
+// Handlers that set primitive values in oneofs.
+#define DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(type, ctype)                          \
+  static bool oneof##type##_handler(void* closure, const void* hd, \
+                                    ctype val) {                   \
+    const oneof_handlerdata_t* oneofdata = hd;                     \
+    DEREF(message_data(closure), oneofdata->case_ofs, uint32_t) =  \
+        oneofdata->oneof_case_num;                                 \
+    DEREF(message_data(closure), oneofdata->ofs, ctype) = val;     \
+    return true;                                                   \
+  }
+
+DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(bool,   bool)
+DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(int32,  int32_t)
+DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(uint32, uint32_t)
+DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(float,  float)
+DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(int64,  int64_t)
+DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(uint64, uint64_t)
+DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(double, double)
+
+#undef DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER
+
+static void oneof_cleanup(MessageHeader* msg,
+                          const oneof_handlerdata_t* oneofdata) {
+  uint32_t old_case_num =
+      DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->case_ofs, uint32_t);
+  if (old_case_num == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const upb_fielddef* old_field =
+      upb_msgdef_itof(oneofdata->parent_md, old_case_num);
+  bool need_clean = false;
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(old_field)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      need_clean = true;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      if (oneofdata->oneof_case_num != old_case_num) {
+        need_clean = true;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (need_clean) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(
+        DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->ofs, CACHED_VALUE*));
+    php_proto_zval_ptr_dtor(
+        *DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->ofs, CACHED_VALUE*));
+    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(*DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->ofs, CACHED_VALUE*));
+    ZVAL_NULL(*DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->ofs, CACHED_VALUE*));
+#endif
+  }
+}
+
+// Handlers for string/bytes in a oneof.
+static bool oneofstr_end_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  stringfields_parseframe_t* frame = closure;
+  MessageHeader* msg = (MessageHeader*)frame->closure;
+  const oneof_handlerdata_t *oneofdata = hd;
+
+  oneof_cleanup(msg, oneofdata);
+
+  DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->case_ofs, uint32_t) =
+      oneofdata->oneof_case_num;
+  DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->ofs, CACHED_VALUE*) =
+      OBJ_PROP(&msg->std, oneofdata->property_ofs);
+
+  new_php_string(DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->ofs, CACHED_VALUE*),
+                 frame->sink.ptr, frame->sink.len);
+
+  stringsink_uninit(&frame->sink);
+  free(frame);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *oneofstr_handler(void *closure,
+                              const void *hd,
+                              size_t size_hint) {
+  PHP_PROTO_UNUSED(hd);
+
+  stringfields_parseframe_t* frame =
+      (stringfields_parseframe_t*)malloc(sizeof(stringfields_parseframe_t));
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(frame != NULL);
+  frame->closure = closure;
+  stringsink_init(&frame->sink);
+
+  return frame;
+}
+
+// Handler for a submessage field in a oneof.
+static void* oneofsubmsg_handler(void* closure, const void* hd) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const oneof_handlerdata_t *oneofdata = hd;
+  uint32_t oldcase = DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->case_ofs, uint32_t);
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(oneofdata->md);
+  register_class(subdesc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_class_entry* subklass = subdesc->klass;
+  zval* submsg_php;
+  MessageHeader* submsg;
+
+  if (oldcase != oneofdata->oneof_case_num) {
+    oneof_cleanup(msg, oneofdata);
+
+    // Create new message.
+    DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->ofs, CACHED_VALUE*) =
+        OBJ_PROP(&msg->std, oneofdata->property_ofs);
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    zval val;
+    ZVAL_OBJ(&val, subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC));
+    REPLACE_ZVAL_VALUE(DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->ofs, zval**),
+                       &val, 1);
+    zval_dtor(&val);
+#else
+    zend_object* obj = subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC);
+    ZVAL_OBJ(DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->ofs, zval*), obj);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->case_ofs, uint32_t) =
+      oneofdata->oneof_case_num;
+
+  submsg_php = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(
+      DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->ofs, CACHED_VALUE*));
+  submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, submsg_php);
+  custom_data_init(subklass, submsg PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+  return submsg;
+}
+
+// Sets a non-repeated wrapper submessage field in a message.
+static void* wrapper_submsg_handler(void* closure, const void* hd) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const submsg_handlerdata_t* submsgdata = hd;
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(submsgdata->md);
+  register_class(subdesc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+  zval* submsg_php;
+  MessageHeader* submsg;
+  wrapperfields_parseframe_t* frame =
+      (wrapperfields_parseframe_t*)malloc(sizeof(wrapperfields_parseframe_t));
+
+  CACHED_VALUE* cached = find_zval_property(msg, submsgdata->fd);
+  submsg_php = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached);
+  frame->closure = closure;
+
+  if (Z_TYPE_P(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached)) == IS_OBJECT) {
+    submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, submsg_php);
+    frame->submsg = submsg;
+    frame->is_msg = true;
+  } else {
+    if (Z_TYPE_P(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached)) == IS_NULL) {
+      // Needs to initiate the wrapper message
+      const upb_msgdef* msgdef = subdesc->msgdef;
+      const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(msgdef, 1);
+      native_slot_get_default(upb_fielddef_type(f), cached TSRMLS_CC);
+    }
+    // In this case, wrapper message hasn't been created and value will be
+    // stored in cache directly.
+    frame->submsg = cached;
+    frame->is_msg = false;
+  }
+
+  return frame;
+}
+
+// Handler for a wrapper submessage field in a oneof.
+static void* wrapper_oneofsubmsg_handler(void* closure, const void* hd) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const oneof_handlerdata_t *oneofdata = hd;
+  uint32_t oldcase = DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->case_ofs, uint32_t);
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(oneofdata->md);
+  register_class(subdesc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+  wrapperfields_parseframe_t* frame =
+      (wrapperfields_parseframe_t*)malloc(sizeof(wrapperfields_parseframe_t));
+  CACHED_VALUE* cached = OBJ_PROP(&msg->std, oneofdata->property_ofs);
+  MessageHeader* submsg;
+
+  if (oldcase != oneofdata->oneof_case_num) {
+    oneof_cleanup(msg, oneofdata);
+    if (Z_TYPE_P(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached)) == IS_NULL) {
+      // Needs to initiate the wrapper message
+      const upb_msgdef* msgdef = subdesc->msgdef;
+      const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(msgdef, 1);
+      native_slot_get_default(upb_fielddef_type(f), cached TSRMLS_CC);
+    }
+    frame->submsg = cached;
+    frame->is_msg = false;
+  } else if (Z_TYPE_P(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached)) == IS_OBJECT) {
+    submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached));
+    frame->submsg = submsg;
+    frame->is_msg = true;
+  } else {
+    // In this case, wrapper message hasn't been created and value will be
+    // stored in cache directly.
+    frame->submsg = cached;
+    frame->is_msg = false;
+  }
+
+  DEREF(message_data(msg), oneofdata->case_ofs, uint32_t) =
+      oneofdata->oneof_case_num;
+
+  return frame;
+}
+
+static bool wrapper_submsg_end_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  wrapperfields_parseframe_t* frame = closure;
+  free(frame);
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Set up handlers for a repeated field.
+static void add_handlers_for_repeated_field(upb_handlers *h,
+                                            const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                            size_t offset) {
+  upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  attr.handler_data = newhandlerfielddata(h, f);
+  upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startseq_handler, &attr);
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+
+#define SET_HANDLER(utype, ltype)                                 \
+  case utype:                                                     \
+    upb_handlers_set##ltype(h, f, append##ltype##_handler, NULL); \
+    break;
+
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_BOOL,   bool);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_INT32,  int32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_ENUM,   int32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT,  float);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_INT64,  int64);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double);
+
+#undef SET_HANDLER
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, appendstr_handler, NULL);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, stringdata_handler, NULL);
+      upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, appendstr_end_handler, &attr);
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+      attr.handler_data = newsubmsghandlerdata(h, 0, f);
+      if (is_wrapper_msg(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f))) {
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, appendwrappersubmsg_handler, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, f, wrapper_submsg_end_handler, &attr);
+      } else {
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, appendsubmsg_handler, &attr);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Set up handlers for a singular field.
+static void add_handlers_for_singular_field(upb_handlers *h,
+                                            const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                            size_t offset, bool is_map) {
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+#define SET_HANDLER(utype, ltype)                          \
+  case utype: {                                            \
+    upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;           \
+    attr.handler_data = newhandlerdata(h, offset);         \
+    upb_handlers_set##ltype(h, f, ltype##_handler, &attr); \
+    break;                                                 \
+  }
+
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_BOOL,   bool);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_INT32,  int32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_ENUM,   int32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT,  float);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_INT64,  int64);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double);
+
+#undef SET_HANDLER
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+      if (is_map) {
+        attr.handler_data = newhandlerdata(h, offset);
+      } else {
+        attr.handler_data = newhandlerfielddata(h, f);
+      }
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, str_handler, &attr);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, stringdata_handler, &attr);
+      if (is_map) {
+        upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, map_str_end_handler, &attr);
+      } else {
+        upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, str_end_handler, &attr);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+      if (is_map) {
+        attr.handler_data = newsubmsghandlerdata(h, offset, f);
+        if (is_wrapper_msg(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f))) {
+          upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, map_wrapper_submsg_handler, &attr);
+          upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, f, wrapper_submsg_end_handler, &attr);
+        } else {
+          upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, map_submsg_handler, &attr);
+        }
+      } else if (is_wrapper_msg(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f))) {
+        attr.handler_data = newsubmsghandlerdata(h, 0, f);
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, wrapper_submsg_handler, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, f, wrapper_submsg_end_handler, &attr);
+      } else {
+        attr.handler_data = newsubmsghandlerdata(h, 0, f);
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, submsg_handler, &attr);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Adds handlers to a map field.
+static void add_handlers_for_mapfield(upb_handlers* h,
+                                      const upb_fielddef* fielddef,
+                                      size_t offset) {
+  const upb_msgdef* map_msgdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(fielddef);
+  map_handlerdata_t* hd = new_map_handlerdata(fielddef, map_msgdef);
+  upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd, free);
+  attr.handler_data = hd;
+  upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, fielddef, startmapentry_handler, &attr);
+}
+
+// Adds handlers to a map-entry msgdef.
+static void add_handlers_for_mapentry(
+    const upb_msgdef* msgdef, upb_handlers* h) {
+  const upb_fielddef* key_field = map_entry_key(msgdef);
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field = map_entry_value(msgdef);
+  map_handlerdata_t* hd = new_map_handlerdata(0, msgdef);
+  upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd, free);
+  attr.handler_data = hd;
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, endmap_handler, &attr);
+
+  add_handlers_for_singular_field(h, key_field,
+                                  offsetof(map_parse_frame_data_t,
+                                           key_storage), true);
+  add_handlers_for_singular_field(h, value_field,
+                                  offsetof(map_parse_frame_data_t,
+                                           value_storage), true);
+}
+
+// Set up handlers for a oneof field.
+static void add_handlers_for_oneof_field(upb_handlers *h,
+                                         const upb_msgdef *m,
+                                         const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                         size_t offset,
+                                         size_t oneof_case_offset,
+                                         int property_cache_offset) {
+
+  upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  attr.handler_data = newoneofhandlerdata(h, offset, oneof_case_offset,
+                                          property_cache_offset, m, f);
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+
+#define SET_HANDLER(utype, ltype)                                 \
+  case utype:                                                     \
+    upb_handlers_set##ltype(h, f, oneof##ltype##_handler, &attr); \
+    break;
+
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_BOOL,   bool);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_INT32,  int32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_ENUM,   int32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT,  float);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_INT64,  int64);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double);
+
+#undef SET_HANDLER
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, oneofstr_handler, &attr);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, stringdata_handler, NULL);
+      upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, oneofstr_end_handler, &attr);
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      if (is_wrapper_msg(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f))) {
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, wrapper_oneofsubmsg_handler, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, f, wrapper_submsg_end_handler, &attr);
+      } else {
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, oneofsubmsg_handler, &attr);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#define DEFINE_WRAPPER_HANDLER(utype, type, ctype)           \
+  static bool type##wrapper_handler(                         \
+      void* closure, const void* hd, ctype val) {            \
+    wrapperfields_parseframe_t* frame = closure;             \
+    if (frame->is_msg) {                                     \
+      MessageHeader* msg = frame->submsg;                    \
+      const size_t *ofs = hd;                                \
+      DEREF(message_data(msg), *ofs, ctype) = val;           \
+    } else {                                                 \
+      TSRMLS_FETCH();                                        \
+      native_slot_get(utype, &val, frame->submsg TSRMLS_CC); \
+    }                                                        \
+    return true;                                             \
+  }
+
+DEFINE_WRAPPER_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_BOOL,   bool,   bool)
+DEFINE_WRAPPER_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_INT32,  int32,  int32_t)
+DEFINE_WRAPPER_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32, uint32_t)
+DEFINE_WRAPPER_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT,  float,  float)
+DEFINE_WRAPPER_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_INT64,  int64,  int64_t)
+DEFINE_WRAPPER_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64, uint64_t)
+DEFINE_WRAPPER_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double, double)
+
+#undef DEFINE_WRAPPER_HANDLER
+
+static bool strwrapper_end_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  stringfields_parseframe_t* frame = closure;
+  const upb_fielddef **field = (const upb_fielddef **) hd;
+  wrapperfields_parseframe_t* wrapper_frame = frame->closure;
+  MessageHeader* msg;
+  CACHED_VALUE* cached;
+
+  if (wrapper_frame->is_msg) {
+    msg = wrapper_frame->submsg;
+    cached = find_zval_property(msg, *field);
+  } else {
+    cached = wrapper_frame->submsg;
+  }
+
+  new_php_string(cached, frame->sink.ptr, frame->sink.len);
+
+  stringsink_uninit(&frame->sink);
+  free(frame);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void add_handlers_for_wrapper(const upb_msgdef* msgdef,
+                                     upb_handlers* h) {
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(msgdef, 1);
+  DescriptorInternal* desc;
+  size_t offset;
+
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  desc = get_msgdef_desc(msgdef);
+  offset = desc->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].offset;
+
+  switch (upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(msgdef)) {
+#define SET_HANDLER(utype, ltype)                                 \
+  case utype: {                                                   \
+    upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;                  \
+    attr.handler_data = newhandlerdata(h, offset);                \
+    upb_handlers_set##ltype(h, f, ltype##wrapper_handler, &attr); \
+    break;                                                        \
+  }
+
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE,   bool);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT32VALUE,  int32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT32VALUE, uint32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_FLOATVALUE,  float);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT64VALUE,  int64);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT64VALUE, uint64);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_DOUBLEVALUE, double);
+
+#undef SET_HANDLER
+
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRINGVALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_BYTESVALUE: {
+      upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+      attr.handler_data = newhandlerfielddata(h, f);
+
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, str_handler, &attr);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, stringdata_handler, &attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, strwrapper_end_handler, &attr);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      // Cannot reach here.
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool add_unknown_handler(void* closure, const void* hd, const char* buf,
+                         size_t size) {
+  encodeunknown_handlerfunc handler =
+      ((unknownfields_handlerdata_t*)hd)->handler;
+
+  MessageHeader* msg = (MessageHeader*)closure;
+  stringsink* unknown = DEREF(message_data(msg), 0, stringsink*);
+  if (unknown == NULL) {
+    DEREF(message_data(msg), 0, stringsink*) = ALLOC(stringsink);
+    unknown = DEREF(message_data(msg), 0, stringsink*);
+    stringsink_init(unknown);
+  }
+
+  handler(unknown, NULL, buf, size, NULL);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void add_handlers_for_message(const void* closure, upb_handlers* h) {
+  const upb_msgdef* msgdef = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  DescriptorInternal* desc = get_msgdef_desc(msgdef);
+  register_class(desc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+
+  // If this is a mapentry message type, set up a special set of handlers and
+  // bail out of the normal (user-defined) message type handling.
+  if (upb_msgdef_mapentry(msgdef)) {
+    add_handlers_for_mapentry(msgdef, h);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // If this is a wrapper message type, set up a special set of handlers and
+  // bail out of the normal (user-defined) message type handling.
+  if (is_wrapper_msg(msgdef)) {
+    add_handlers_for_wrapper(msgdef, h);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  attr.handler_data = newunknownfieldshandlerdata(h);
+  upb_handlers_setunknown(h, add_unknown_handler, &attr);
+
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&i, desc->msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+    size_t offset = desc->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].offset;
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(f)) {
+      size_t oneof_case_offset =
+          desc->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].case_offset;
+      int property_cache_index =
+          desc->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].cache_index;
+      add_handlers_for_oneof_field(h, desc->msgdef, f, offset,
+                                   oneof_case_offset, property_cache_index);
+    } else if (is_map_field(f)) {
+      add_handlers_for_mapfield(h, f, offset);
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+      add_handlers_for_repeated_field(h, f, offset);
+    } else {
+      add_handlers_for_singular_field(h, f, offset, false);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Constructs the handlers for filling a message's data into an in-memory
+// object.
+const upb_handlers* get_fill_handlers(DescriptorInternal* desc) {
+  return upb_handlercache_get(desc->pool->fill_handler_cache, desc->msgdef);
+}
+
+static const upb_pbdecodermethod *msgdef_decodermethod(DescriptorInternal* desc) {
+  return upb_pbcodecache_get(desc->pool->fill_method_cache, desc->msgdef);
+}
+
+static const upb_json_parsermethod *msgdef_jsonparsermethod(DescriptorInternal* desc) {
+  return upb_json_codecache_get(desc->pool->json_fill_method_cache, desc->msgdef);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Serializing.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void putmsg(zval* msg, const DescriptorInternal* desc, upb_sink sink,
+                   int depth, bool is_json TSRMLS_DC);
+static void putrawmsg(MessageHeader* msg, const DescriptorInternal* desc,
+                      upb_sink sink, int depth, bool is_json,
+                      bool open_msg TSRMLS_DC);
+static void putwrappervalue(
+    zval* value, const upb_fielddef* f,
+    upb_sink sink, int depth, bool is_json TSRMLS_DC);
+static void putjsonany(MessageHeader* msg, const DescriptorInternal* desc,
+                       upb_sink sink, int depth TSRMLS_DC);
+static void putjsonlistvalue(
+    MessageHeader* msg, const DescriptorInternal* desc,
+    upb_sink sink, int depth TSRMLS_DC);
+static void putjsonstruct(
+    MessageHeader* msg, const DescriptorInternal* desc,
+    upb_sink sink, int depth TSRMLS_DC);
+
+static void putstr(zval* str, const upb_fielddef* f, upb_sink sink,
+                   bool force_default);
+
+static void putrawstr(const char* str, int len, const upb_fielddef* f,
+                      upb_sink sink, bool force_default);
+
+static void putsubmsg(zval* submsg, const upb_fielddef* f, upb_sink sink,
+                      int depth, bool is_json TSRMLS_DC);
+static void putrawsubmsg(MessageHeader* submsg, const upb_fielddef* f,
+                         upb_sink sink, int depth, bool is_json TSRMLS_DC);
+
+static void putarray(zval* array, const upb_fielddef* f, upb_sink sink,
+                     int depth, bool is_json TSRMLS_DC);
+static void putmap(zval* map, const upb_fielddef* f, upb_sink sink,
+                   int depth, bool is_json TSRMLS_DC);
+
+static upb_selector_t getsel(const upb_fielddef* f, upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  upb_selector_t ret;
+  bool ok = upb_handlers_getselector(f, type, &ret);
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(ok);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static void put_optional_value(const void* memory, int len,
+                               const upb_fielddef* f,
+                               int depth, upb_sink sink,
+                               bool is_json TSRMLS_DC) {
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(upb_fielddef_label(f) == UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL);
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+#define T(upbtypeconst, upbtype, ctype, default_value)                         \
+  case upbtypeconst: {                                                         \
+    ctype value = DEREF(memory, 0, ctype);                                     \
+    if (is_json || value != default_value) {                                   \
+      upb_selector_t sel = getsel(f, upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(f)); \
+      upb_sink_put##upbtype(sink, sel, value);                                 \
+    }                                                                          \
+  } break;
+
+    T(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT, float, float, 0.0)
+    T(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double, double, 0.0)
+    T(UPB_TYPE_BOOL, bool, uint8_t, 0)
+    T(UPB_TYPE_ENUM, int32, int32_t, 0)
+    T(UPB_TYPE_INT32, int32, int32_t, 0)
+    T(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32, uint32_t, 0)
+    T(UPB_TYPE_INT64, int64, int64_t, 0)
+    T(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64, uint64_t, 0)
+
+#undef T
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      putrawstr(memory, len, f, sink, is_json);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      MessageHeader *submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, *(zval**)memory);
+#else
+      MessageHeader *submsg =
+          (MessageHeader*)((char*)(*(zend_object**)memory) -
+              XtOffsetOf(MessageHeader, std));
+#endif
+      putrawsubmsg(submsg, f, sink, depth, is_json TSRMLS_CC);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(false);
+  }
+}
+
+// Only string/bytes fields are stored as zval.
+static const char* raw_value(void* memory, const upb_fielddef* f) {
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      return Z_STRVAL_PP((zval**)memory);
+#else
+      return ZSTR_VAL(*(zend_string**)memory);
+#endif
+      break;
+    default:
+      return memory;
+  }
+}
+
+static int raw_value_len(void* memory, int len, const upb_fielddef* f) {
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      return Z_STRLEN_PP((zval**)memory);
+#else
+      return ZSTR_LEN(*(zend_string**)memory);
+#endif
+    default:
+      return len;
+  }
+}
+
+static void putmap(zval* map, const upb_fielddef* f, upb_sink sink,
+                   int depth, bool is_json TSRMLS_DC) {
+  upb_sink subsink;
+  const upb_fielddef* key_field;
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field;
+  MapIter it;
+  int len, size;
+
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(map != NULL);
+  Map* intern = UNBOX(Map, map);
+  size = upb_strtable_count(&intern->table);
+  if (size == 0) return;
+
+  upb_sink_startseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ), &subsink);
+
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE);
+  key_field = map_field_key(f);
+  value_field = map_field_value(f);
+
+  for (map_begin(map, &it TSRMLS_CC); !map_done(&it); map_next(&it)) {
+    upb_status status;
+
+    upb_sink entry_sink;
+    upb_sink_startsubmsg(subsink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG),
+                         &entry_sink);
+    upb_sink_startmsg(entry_sink);
+
+    // Serialize key.
+    const char *key = map_iter_key(&it, &len);
+    put_optional_value(key, len, key_field, depth + 1,
+                       entry_sink, is_json TSRMLS_CC);
+
+    // Serialize value.
+    upb_value value = map_iter_value(&it, &len);
+    put_optional_value(raw_value(upb_value_memory(&value), value_field),
+                       raw_value_len(upb_value_memory(&value), len, value_field),
+                       value_field, depth + 1, entry_sink, is_json TSRMLS_CC);
+
+    upb_sink_endmsg(entry_sink, &status);
+    upb_sink_endsubmsg(subsink, entry_sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG));
+  }
+
+  upb_sink_endseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ));
+}
+
+static void putmsg(zval* msg_php, const DescriptorInternal* desc, upb_sink sink,
+                   int depth, bool is_json TSRMLS_DC) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, msg_php);
+  putrawmsg(msg, desc, sink, depth, is_json, true TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+static const upb_handlers* msgdef_json_serialize_handlers(
+    DescriptorInternal* desc, bool preserve_proto_fieldnames);
+
+static void putjsonany(MessageHeader* msg, const DescriptorInternal* desc,
+                       upb_sink sink, int depth TSRMLS_DC) {
+  upb_status status;
+  const upb_fielddef* type_field = upb_msgdef_itof(desc->msgdef, UPB_ANY_TYPE);
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(desc->msgdef, UPB_ANY_VALUE);
+
+  zval* type_url_php_str;
+  const upb_msgdef *payload_type = NULL;
+
+  upb_sink_startmsg(sink);
+
+  /* Handle type url */
+  type_url_php_str = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(find_zval_property(msg, type_field));
+  if (Z_STRLEN_P(type_url_php_str) > 0) {
+    putstr(type_url_php_str, type_field, sink, false);
+  }
+
+  {
+    const char* type_url_str = Z_STRVAL_P(type_url_php_str);
+    size_t type_url_len = Z_STRLEN_P(type_url_php_str);
+    if (type_url_len <= 20 ||
+        strncmp(type_url_str, "type.googleapis.com/", 20) != 0) {
+      zend_error(E_ERROR, "Invalid type url: %s", type_url_str);
+    }
+
+    /* Resolve type url */
+    type_url_str += 20;
+    type_url_len -= 20;
+
+    payload_type = upb_symtab_lookupmsg2(
+        generated_pool->symtab, type_url_str, type_url_len);
+    if (payload_type == NULL) {
+      zend_error(E_ERROR, "Unknown type: %s", type_url_str);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    zval* value_php_str;
+    const char* value_str;
+    size_t value_len;
+
+    value_php_str = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(find_zval_property(msg, value_field));
+    value_str = Z_STRVAL_P(value_php_str);
+    value_len = Z_STRLEN_P(value_php_str);
+
+    if (value_len > 0) {
+      DescriptorInternal* payload_desc = get_msgdef_desc(payload_type);
+      register_class(payload_desc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+      zend_class_entry* payload_klass = payload_desc->klass;
+      zval val;
+      upb_sink subsink;
+      bool is_wellknown;
+
+      /* Create message of the payload type. */
+      ZVAL_OBJ(&val, payload_klass->create_object(payload_klass TSRMLS_CC));
+      MessageHeader* intern = UNBOX(MessageHeader, &val);
+      custom_data_init(payload_klass, intern PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+
+      merge_from_string(value_str, value_len, payload_desc, intern);
+
+      is_wellknown =
+          upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(payload_desc->msgdef) !=
+              UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED;
+      if (is_wellknown) {
+        upb_sink_startstr(sink, getsel(value_field, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR), 0,
+                          &subsink);
+      }
+
+      subsink.handlers =
+          msgdef_json_serialize_handlers(payload_desc, true);
+      subsink.closure = sink.closure;
+      putrawmsg(intern, payload_desc, subsink, depth, true,
+                is_wellknown TSRMLS_CC);
+
+      zval_dtor(&val);
+    }
+  }
+
+  upb_sink_endmsg(sink, &status);
+}
+
+static void putjsonlistvalue(
+    MessageHeader* msg, const DescriptorInternal* desc,
+    upb_sink sink, int depth TSRMLS_DC) {
+  upb_status status;
+  upb_sink subsink;
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(desc->msgdef, 1);
+  zval* array;
+  RepeatedField* intern;
+  HashTable *ht;
+  int size;
+
+  upb_sink_startmsg(sink);
+
+  array = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(find_zval_property(msg, f));
+  if (ZVAL_IS_NULL(array)) {
+    upb_sink_startseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ), &subsink);
+    upb_sink_endseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ));
+  } else {
+    intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, array);
+    ht = PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(intern->array);
+    size = zend_hash_num_elements(ht);
+
+    if (size == 0) {
+      upb_sink_startseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ), &subsink);
+      upb_sink_endseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ));
+    } else {
+      putarray(array, f, sink, depth, true TSRMLS_CC);
+    }
+  }
+
+  upb_sink_endmsg(sink, &status);
+}
+
+static void putjsonstruct(
+    MessageHeader* msg, const DescriptorInternal* desc,
+    upb_sink sink, int depth TSRMLS_DC) {
+  upb_status status;
+  upb_sink subsink;
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(desc->msgdef, 1);
+  zval* map;
+  Map* intern;
+  int size;
+
+  upb_sink_startmsg(sink);
+
+  map = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(find_zval_property(msg, f));
+  if (ZVAL_IS_NULL(map)) {
+    upb_sink_startseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ), &subsink);
+    upb_sink_endseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ));
+  } else {
+    intern = UNBOX(Map, map);
+    size = upb_strtable_count(&intern->table);
+
+    if (size == 0) {
+      upb_sink_startseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ), &subsink);
+      upb_sink_endseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ));
+    } else {
+      putmap(map, f, sink, depth, true TSRMLS_CC);
+    }
+  }
+
+  upb_sink_endmsg(sink, &status);
+}
+
+static void putrawmsg(MessageHeader* msg, const DescriptorInternal* desc,
+                      upb_sink sink, int depth, bool is_json,
+                      bool open_msg TSRMLS_DC) {
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  upb_status status;
+
+  if (is_json &&
+      upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(desc->msgdef) == UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY) {
+    putjsonany(msg, desc, sink, depth TSRMLS_CC);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (is_json &&
+      upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(desc->msgdef) == UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE) {
+    putjsonlistvalue(msg, desc, sink, depth TSRMLS_CC);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (is_json &&
+      upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(desc->msgdef) == UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRUCT) {
+    putjsonstruct(msg, desc, sink, depth TSRMLS_CC);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (open_msg) {
+    upb_sink_startmsg(sink);
+  }
+
+  // Protect against cycles (possible because users may freely reassign message
+  // and repeated fields) by imposing a maximum recursion depth.
+  if (depth > ENCODE_MAX_NESTING) {
+    zend_error(E_ERROR,
+             "Maximum recursion depth exceeded during encoding.");
+  }
+
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&i, desc->msgdef); !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    upb_fielddef* f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+    uint32_t offset = desc->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].offset;
+    bool containing_oneof = false;
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(f)) {
+      uint32_t oneof_case_offset =
+          desc->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].case_offset;
+      // For a oneof, check that this field is actually present -- skip all the
+      // below if not.
+      if (DEREF(message_data(msg), oneof_case_offset, uint32_t) !=
+          upb_fielddef_number(f)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Otherwise, fall through to the appropriate singular-field handler
+      // below.
+      containing_oneof = true;
+    }
+
+    if (is_map_field(f)) {
+      zval* map = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(find_zval_property(msg, f));
+      if (!ZVAL_IS_NULL(map)) {
+        putmap(map, f, sink, depth, is_json TSRMLS_CC);
+      }
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+      zval* array = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(find_zval_property(msg, f));
+      if (!ZVAL_IS_NULL(array)) {
+        putarray(array, f, sink, depth, is_json TSRMLS_CC);
+      }
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f)) {
+      zval* str = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(find_zval_property(msg, f));
+      if (containing_oneof || (is_json && is_wrapper_msg(desc->msgdef)) ||
+          Z_STRLEN_P(str) > 0) {
+        putstr(str, f, sink, is_json && is_wrapper_msg(desc->msgdef));
+      }
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      zval* submsg = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(find_zval_property(msg, f));
+      if (is_wrapper_msg(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f)) &&
+          Z_TYPE_P(submsg) != IS_NULL && Z_TYPE_P(submsg) != IS_OBJECT) {
+        putwrappervalue(submsg, f, sink, depth, is_json TSRMLS_CC);
+      } else {
+        putsubmsg(submsg, f, sink, depth, is_json TSRMLS_CC);
+      }
+    } else {
+      upb_selector_t sel = getsel(f, upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(f));
+
+#define T(upbtypeconst, upbtype, ctype, default_value)     \
+  case upbtypeconst: {                                     \
+    ctype value = DEREF(message_data(msg), offset, ctype); \
+    if (containing_oneof ||                                \
+        (is_json && is_wrapper_msg(desc->msgdef)) ||       \
+        value != default_value) {                          \
+      upb_sink_put##upbtype(sink, sel, value);             \
+    }                                                      \
+  } break;
+
+      switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+        T(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT, float, float, 0.0)
+        T(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double, double, 0.0)
+        T(UPB_TYPE_BOOL, bool, uint8_t, 0)
+        case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+        T(UPB_TYPE_INT32, int32, int32_t, 0)
+        T(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32, uint32_t, 0)
+        T(UPB_TYPE_INT64, int64, int64_t, 0)
+        T(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64, uint64_t, 0)
+
+        case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+        case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+        case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+          zend_error(E_ERROR, "Internal error.");
+      }
+
+#undef T
+    }
+  }
+
+  stringsink* unknown = DEREF(message_data(msg), 0, stringsink*);
+  if (unknown != NULL) {
+    upb_sink_putunknown(sink, unknown->ptr, unknown->len);
+  }
+
+  if (open_msg) {
+    upb_sink_endmsg(sink, &status);
+  }
+}
+
+static void putstr(zval* str, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                   upb_sink sink, bool force_default) {
+  upb_sink subsink;
+
+  if (ZVAL_IS_NULL(str)) return;
+
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(Z_TYPE_P(str) == IS_STRING);
+
+  upb_sink_startstr(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR), Z_STRLEN_P(str),
+                    &subsink);
+
+  // For oneof string field, we may get here with string length is zero.
+  if (Z_STRLEN_P(str) > 0 || force_default) {
+    // Ensure that the string has the correct encoding. We also check at
+    // field-set time, but the user may have mutated the string object since
+    // then.
+    if (upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_STRING &&
+        !is_structurally_valid_utf8(Z_STRVAL_P(str), Z_STRLEN_P(str))) {
+      zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given string is not UTF8 encoded.");
+      return;
+    }
+    upb_sink_putstring(subsink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STRING), Z_STRVAL_P(str),
+                       Z_STRLEN_P(str), NULL);
+  }
+
+  upb_sink_endstr(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR));
+}
+
+static void putrawstr(const char* str, int len, const upb_fielddef* f,
+                      upb_sink sink, bool force_default) {
+  upb_sink subsink;
+
+  if (len == 0 && !force_default) return;
+
+  // Ensure that the string has the correct encoding. We also check at field-set
+  // time, but the user may have mutated the string object since then.
+  if (upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_STRING &&
+      !is_structurally_valid_utf8(str, len)) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given string is not UTF8 encoded.");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  upb_sink_startstr(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR), len, &subsink);
+  upb_sink_putstring(subsink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STRING), str, len, NULL);
+  upb_sink_endstr(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR));
+}
+
+static void putsubmsg(zval* submsg_php, const upb_fielddef* f, upb_sink sink,
+                      int depth, bool is_json TSRMLS_DC) {
+  if (Z_TYPE_P(submsg_php) == IS_NULL) return;
+
+  MessageHeader *submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, submsg_php);
+  putrawsubmsg(submsg, f, sink, depth, is_json TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+static void putwrappervalue(
+    zval* value, const upb_fielddef* f,
+    upb_sink sink, int depth, bool is_json TSRMLS_DC) {
+  upb_sink subsink;
+  const upb_msgdef* msgdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f);
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(msgdef, 1);
+  upb_selector_t sel =
+      getsel(value_field, upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(value_field));
+
+  upb_sink_startsubmsg(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG), &subsink);
+
+#define T(upbtypeconst, upbtype, ctype, default_value)      \
+  case upbtypeconst: {                                      \
+    ctype value_raw;                                        \
+    native_slot_set(upb_fielddef_type(value_field), NULL,   \
+                    &value_raw, value PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC); \
+    if ((is_json && is_wrapper_msg(msgdef)) ||              \
+        value_raw != default_value) {                       \
+      upb_sink_put##upbtype(subsink, sel, value_raw);       \
+    }                                                       \
+  } break;
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(value_field)) {
+    T(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT, float, float, 0.0)
+    T(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double, double, 0.0)
+    T(UPB_TYPE_BOOL, bool, uint8_t, 0)
+    T(UPB_TYPE_INT32, int32, int32_t, 0)
+    T(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32, uint32_t, 0)
+    T(UPB_TYPE_INT64, int64, int64_t, 0)
+    T(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64, uint64_t, 0)
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      if ((is_json && is_wrapper_msg(msgdef)) ||
+          Z_STRLEN_P(value) > 0) {
+        putstr(value, value_field, subsink, is_json && is_wrapper_msg(msgdef));
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      zend_error(E_ERROR, "Internal error.");
+  }
+
+#undef T
+
+  upb_sink_endsubmsg(sink, subsink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG));
+}
+
+static void putrawsubmsg(MessageHeader* submsg, const upb_fielddef* f,
+                         upb_sink sink, int depth, bool is_json TSRMLS_DC) {
+  upb_sink subsink;
+
+  const upb_msgdef* m = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f);
+  DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(m);
+
+  upb_sink_startsubmsg(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG), &subsink);
+  putrawmsg(submsg, subdesc, subsink, depth + 1, is_json, true TSRMLS_CC);
+  upb_sink_endsubmsg(sink, subsink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG));
+}
+
+static void putarray(zval* array, const upb_fielddef* f, upb_sink sink,
+                     int depth, bool is_json TSRMLS_DC) {
+  upb_sink subsink;
+  upb_fieldtype_t type = upb_fielddef_type(f);
+  upb_selector_t sel = 0;
+  int size, i;
+
+  PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(array != NULL);
+  RepeatedField* intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, array);
+  HashTable *ht = PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(intern->array);
+  size = zend_hash_num_elements(ht);
+  if (size == 0) return;
+
+  upb_sink_startseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ), &subsink);
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_isprimitive(f)) {
+    sel = getsel(f, upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(f));
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    void* memory = repeated_field_index_native(intern, i TSRMLS_CC);
+    switch (type) {
+#define T(upbtypeconst, upbtype, ctype)                      \
+  case upbtypeconst:                                         \
+    upb_sink_put##upbtype(subsink, sel, *((ctype*)memory)); \
+    break;
+
+      T(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT, float, float)
+      T(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double, double)
+      T(UPB_TYPE_BOOL, bool, int8_t)
+      case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+        T(UPB_TYPE_INT32, int32, int32_t)
+        T(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32, uint32_t)
+        T(UPB_TYPE_INT64, int64, int64_t)
+        T(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64, uint64_t)
+
+      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+        const char* rawstr = Z_STRVAL_P(*(zval**)memory);
+        int len = Z_STRLEN_P(*(zval**)memory);
+#else
+        const char* rawstr = ZSTR_VAL(*(zend_string**)memory);
+        int len = ZSTR_LEN(*(zend_string**)memory);
+#endif
+        putrawstr(rawstr, len, f, subsink,
+                  is_json && is_wrapper_msg(upb_fielddef_containingtype(f)));
+        break;
+      }
+      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+        MessageHeader *submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, *(zval**)memory);
+#else
+        MessageHeader *submsg =
+            (MessageHeader*)((char*)(Z_OBJ_P((zval*)memory)) -
+                XtOffsetOf(MessageHeader, std));
+#endif
+        putrawsubmsg(submsg, f, subsink, depth, is_json TSRMLS_CC);
+        break;
+      }
+
+#undef T
+    }
+  }
+  upb_sink_endseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ));
+}
+
+static const upb_handlers* msgdef_pb_serialize_handlers(DescriptorInternal* desc) {
+  return upb_handlercache_get(desc->pool->pb_serialize_handler_cache,
+                              desc->msgdef);
+}
+
+static const upb_handlers* msgdef_json_serialize_handlers(
+    DescriptorInternal* desc, bool preserve_proto_fieldnames) {
+  if (preserve_proto_fieldnames) {
+    return upb_handlercache_get(
+        desc->pool->json_serialize_handler_preserve_cache, desc->msgdef);
+  } else {
+    return upb_handlercache_get(desc->pool->json_serialize_handler_cache,
+                                desc->msgdef);
+  }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PHP encode/decode methods
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void serialize_to_string(zval* val, zval* return_value TSRMLS_DC) {
+  DescriptorInternal* desc = get_ce_desc(Z_OBJCE_P(val));
+
+  stringsink sink;
+  stringsink_init(&sink);
+
+  {
+    const upb_handlers* serialize_handlers = msgdef_pb_serialize_handlers(desc);
+
+    stackenv se;
+    upb_pb_encoder* encoder;
+
+    stackenv_init(&se, "Error occurred during encoding: %s");
+    encoder = upb_pb_encoder_create(se.arena, serialize_handlers, sink.sink);
+
+    putmsg(val, desc, upb_pb_encoder_input(encoder), 0, false TSRMLS_CC);
+
+    PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_STRINGL(sink.ptr, sink.len, 1);
+
+    stackenv_uninit(&se);
+    stringsink_uninit(&sink);
+  }
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, serializeToString) {
+  serialize_to_string(getThis(), return_value TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+void merge_from_string(const char* data, int data_len, DescriptorInternal* desc,
+                       MessageHeader* msg) {
+  const upb_pbdecodermethod* method = msgdef_decodermethod(desc);
+  const upb_handlers* h = upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(method);
+  stackenv se;
+  upb_sink sink;
+  upb_pbdecoder* decoder;
+  void* closure;
+  stackenv_init(&se, "Error occurred during parsing: %s");
+
+  if (is_wrapper_msg(desc->msgdef)) {
+    wrapperfields_parseframe_t* frame =
+        (wrapperfields_parseframe_t*)malloc(
+            sizeof(wrapperfields_parseframe_t));
+    frame->submsg = msg;
+    frame->is_msg = true;
+    closure = frame;
+  } else {
+    closure = msg;
+  }
+
+  upb_sink_reset(&sink, h, closure);
+  decoder = upb_pbdecoder_create(se.arena, method, sink, &se.status);
+  upb_bufsrc_putbuf(data, data_len, upb_pbdecoder_input(decoder));
+
+  if (is_wrapper_msg(desc->msgdef)) {
+    free((wrapperfields_parseframe_t*)closure);
+  }
+
+  stackenv_uninit(&se);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, mergeFromString) {
+  DescriptorInternal* desc = get_ce_desc(Z_OBJCE_P(getThis()));
+  MessageHeader* msg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, getThis());
+
+  char *data = NULL;
+  PHP_PROTO_SIZE data_len;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &data, &data_len) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  merge_from_string(data, data_len, desc, msg);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, serializeToJsonString) {
+  DescriptorInternal* desc = get_ce_desc(Z_OBJCE_P(getThis()));
+
+  zend_bool preserve_proto_fieldnames = false;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|b",
+                            &preserve_proto_fieldnames) == FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  stringsink sink;
+  stringsink_init(&sink);
+
+  {
+    const upb_handlers* serialize_handlers =
+        msgdef_json_serialize_handlers(desc, preserve_proto_fieldnames);
+    upb_json_printer* printer;
+    stackenv se;
+
+    stackenv_init(&se, "Error occurred during encoding: %s");
+    printer = upb_json_printer_create(se.arena, serialize_handlers, sink.sink);
+
+    putmsg(getThis(), desc, upb_json_printer_input(printer), 0, true TSRMLS_CC);
+
+    PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_STRINGL(sink.ptr, sink.len, 1);
+
+    stackenv_uninit(&se);
+    stringsink_uninit(&sink);
+  }
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, mergeFromJsonString) {
+  DescriptorInternal* desc = get_ce_desc(Z_OBJCE_P(getThis()));
+  MessageHeader* msg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, getThis());
+
+  char *data = NULL;
+  PHP_PROTO_SIZE data_len;
+  zend_bool ignore_json_unknown = false;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(
+          ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s|b", &data, &data_len,
+          &ignore_json_unknown) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // TODO(teboring): Check and respect string encoding. If not UTF-8, we need to
+  // convert, because string handlers pass data directly to message string
+  // fields.
+
+  // TODO(teboring): Clear message.
+
+  {
+    const upb_json_parsermethod* method = msgdef_jsonparsermethod(desc);
+    stackenv se;
+    upb_sink sink;
+    upb_json_parser* parser;
+    void* closure;
+    stackenv_init(&se, "Error occurred during parsing: %s");
+
+    if (is_wrapper_msg(desc->msgdef)) {
+      wrapperfields_parseframe_t* frame =
+          (wrapperfields_parseframe_t*)malloc(
+              sizeof(wrapperfields_parseframe_t));
+      frame->submsg = msg;
+      frame->is_msg = true;
+      closure = frame;
+    } else {
+      closure = msg;
+    }
+
+    upb_sink_reset(&sink, get_fill_handlers(desc), closure);
+    parser = upb_json_parser_create(se.arena, method, generated_pool->symtab,
+                                    sink, &se.status, ignore_json_unknown);
+    upb_bufsrc_putbuf(data, data_len, upb_json_parser_input(parser));
+
+    if (is_wrapper_msg(desc->msgdef)) {
+      free((wrapperfields_parseframe_t*)closure);
+    }
+    stackenv_uninit(&se);
+  }
+}
+
+// TODO(teboring): refactoring with putrawmsg
+static void discard_unknown_fields(MessageHeader* msg) {
+  upb_msg_field_iter it;
+
+  stringsink* unknown = DEREF(message_data(msg), 0, stringsink*);
+  if (unknown != NULL) {
+    stringsink_uninit(unknown);
+    FREE(unknown);
+    DEREF(message_data(msg), 0, stringsink*) = NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Recursively discard unknown fields of submessages.
+  DescriptorInternal* desc = msg->descriptor;
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, desc->msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    upb_fielddef* f = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(f)) {
+      uint32_t oneof_case_offset =
+          desc->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].case_offset;
+      // For a oneof, check that this field is actually present -- skip all the
+      // below if not.
+      if (DEREF(message_data(msg), oneof_case_offset, uint32_t) !=
+          upb_fielddef_number(f)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Otherwise, fall through to the appropriate singular-field handler
+      // below.
+    }
+
+    if (is_map_field(f)) {
+      MapIter map_it;
+      int len;
+      const upb_fielddef* value_field;
+
+      value_field = map_field_value(f);
+      if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(value_field)) continue;
+
+      zval* map_php = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(find_zval_property(msg, f));
+      if (ZVAL_IS_NULL(map_php)) continue;
+
+      for (map_begin(map_php, &map_it TSRMLS_CC);
+           !map_done(&map_it); map_next(&map_it)) {
+        upb_value value = map_iter_value(&map_it, &len);
+        const void* memory = raw_value(upb_value_memory(&value), value_field);
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+        MessageHeader *submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, *(zval**)memory);
+#else
+        MessageHeader *submsg =
+            (MessageHeader*)((char*)(Z_OBJ_P((zval*)memory)) -
+                XtOffsetOf(MessageHeader, std));
+#endif
+        discard_unknown_fields(submsg);
+      }
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+      if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) continue;
+
+      zval* array_php = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(find_zval_property(msg, f));
+      if (ZVAL_IS_NULL(array_php)) continue;
+
+      int size, i;
+      RepeatedField* intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, array_php);
+      HashTable *ht = PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(intern->array);
+      size = zend_hash_num_elements(ht);
+      if (size == 0) continue;
+
+      for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        void* memory = repeated_field_index_native(intern, i TSRMLS_CC);
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+        MessageHeader *submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, *(zval**)memory);
+#else
+        MessageHeader *submsg =
+            (MessageHeader*)((char*)(Z_OBJ_P((zval*)memory)) -
+                XtOffsetOf(MessageHeader, std));
+#endif
+        discard_unknown_fields(submsg);
+      }
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      zval* submsg_php = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(find_zval_property(msg, f));
+      if (Z_TYPE_P(submsg_php) == IS_NULL) continue;
+      MessageHeader* submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, submsg_php);
+      discard_unknown_fields(submsg);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, discardUnknownFields) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, getThis());
+  discard_unknown_fields(msg);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/map.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/map.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f49afcbba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/map.c
@@ -0,0 +1,602 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <ext/spl/spl_iterators.h>
+#include <Zend/zend_API.h>
+#include <Zend/zend_interfaces.h>
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(arginfo_offsetGet, 0, 0, 1)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, index)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(arginfo_offsetSet, 0, 0, 2)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, index)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, newval)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO(arginfo_void, 0)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()
+
+// Utilities
+
+void* upb_value_memory(upb_value* v) {
+  return (void*)(&v->val);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Basic map operations on top of upb's strtable.
+//
+// Note that we roll our own `Map` container here because, as for
+// `RepeatedField`, we want a strongly-typed container. This is so that any user
+// errors due to incorrect map key or value types are raised as close as
+// possible to the error site, rather than at some deferred point (e.g.,
+// serialization).
+//
+// We build our `Map` on top of upb_strtable so that we're able to take
+// advantage of the native_slot storage abstraction, as RepeatedField does.
+// (This is not quite a perfect mapping -- see the key conversions below -- but
+// gives us full support and error-checking for all value types for free.)
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Map values are stored using the native_slot abstraction (as with repeated
+// field values), but keys are a bit special. Since we use a strtable, we need
+// to store keys as sequences of bytes such that equality of those bytes maps
+// one-to-one to equality of keys. We store strings directly (i.e., they map to
+// their own bytes) and integers as native integers (using the native_slot
+// abstraction).
+
+// Note that there is another tradeoff here in keeping string keys as native
+// strings rather than PHP strings: traversing the Map requires conversion to
+// PHP string values on every traversal, potentially creating more garbage. We
+// should consider ways to cache a PHP version of the key if this becomes an
+// issue later.
+
+// Forms a key to use with the underlying strtable from a PHP key value. |buf|
+// must point to TABLE_KEY_BUF_LENGTH bytes of temporary space, used to
+// construct a key byte sequence if needed. |out_key| and |out_length| provide
+// the resulting key data/length.
+#define TABLE_KEY_BUF_LENGTH 8  // sizeof(uint64_t)
+static bool table_key(Map* self, zval* key,
+                      char* buf,
+                      const char** out_key,
+                      size_t* out_length TSRMLS_DC) {
+  switch (self->key_type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      if (!protobuf_convert_to_string(key)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (!is_structurally_valid_utf8(Z_STRVAL_P(key), Z_STRLEN_P(key))) {
+        zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given key is not UTF8 encoded.");
+        return false;
+      }
+      *out_key = Z_STRVAL_P(key);
+      *out_length = Z_STRLEN_P(key);
+      break;
+
+#define CASE_TYPE(upb_type, type, c_type, php_type)                     \
+  case UPB_TYPE_##upb_type: {                                           \
+    c_type type##_value;                                                \
+    if (!protobuf_convert_to_##type(key, &type##_value)) {              \
+      return false;                                                     \
+    }                                                                   \
+    native_slot_set_by_array(self->key_type, NULL, buf, key TSRMLS_CC); \
+    *out_key = buf;                                                     \
+    *out_length = native_slot_size(self->key_type);                     \
+    break;                                                              \
+  }
+      CASE_TYPE(BOOL, bool, int8_t, BOOL)
+      CASE_TYPE(INT32, int32, int32_t, LONG)
+      CASE_TYPE(INT64, int64, int64_t, LONG)
+      CASE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32, uint32_t, LONG)
+      CASE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64, uint64_t, LONG)
+
+#undef CASE_TYPE
+
+    default:
+      // Map constructor should not allow a Map with another key type to be
+      // constructed.
+      assert(false);
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MapField methods
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static zend_function_entry map_field_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(MapField, __construct,  NULL,              ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(MapField, offsetExists, arginfo_offsetGet, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(MapField, offsetGet,    arginfo_offsetGet, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(MapField, offsetSet,    arginfo_offsetSet, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(MapField, offsetUnset,  arginfo_offsetGet, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(MapField, count,        arginfo_void,      ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(MapField, getIterator,  arginfo_void,      ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  ZEND_FE_END
+};
+
+// Forward declare static functions.
+
+static void map_field_write_dimension(zval *object, zval *key,
+                                      zval *value TSRMLS_DC);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MapField creation/desctruction
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+zend_class_entry* map_field_type;
+zend_class_entry* map_field_iter_type;
+
+zend_object_handlers* map_field_handlers;
+zend_object_handlers* map_field_iter_handlers;
+
+static void map_begin_internal(Map *map, MapIter *iter) {
+  iter->self = map;
+  upb_strtable_begin(&iter->it, &map->table);
+}
+
+static HashTable *map_field_get_gc(zval *object, CACHED_VALUE **table,
+                                   int *n TSRMLS_DC) {
+  // TODO(teboring): Unfortunately, zend engine does not support garbage
+  // collection for custom array. We have to use zend engine's native array
+  // instead.
+  *table = NULL;
+  *n = 0;
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+// Define map value element free function.
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+static inline void php_proto_map_string_release(void *value) {
+  zval_ptr_dtor(value);
+}
+
+static inline void php_proto_map_object_release(void *value) {
+  zval_ptr_dtor(value);
+}
+#else
+static inline void php_proto_map_string_release(void *value) {
+  zend_string* object = *(zend_string**)value;
+  zend_string_release(object);
+}
+static inline void php_proto_map_object_release(void *value) {
+  zend_object* object = *(zend_object**)value;
+  GC_DELREF(object);
+  if(GC_REFCOUNT(object) == 0) {
+    zend_objects_store_del(object);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+// Define object free method.
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_FREE_START(Map, map_field)
+MapIter it;
+int len;
+for (map_begin_internal(intern, &it); !map_done(&it); map_next(&it)) {
+  upb_value value = map_iter_value(&it, &len);
+  void *mem = upb_value_memory(&value);
+  switch (intern->value_type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      php_proto_map_object_release(mem);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      php_proto_map_string_release(mem);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+upb_strtable_uninit(&intern->table);
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_FREE_END
+
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_EMPTY_DTOR_START(Map, map_field)
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_DTOR_END
+
+// Define object create method.
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_START(Map, map_field)
+// Table value type is always UINT64: this ensures enough space to store the
+// native_slot value.
+if (!upb_strtable_init(&intern->table, UPB_CTYPE_UINT64)) {
+  zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Could not allocate table.");
+}
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_END(Map, map_field)
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\MapField", Map,
+                           map_field)
+zend_class_implements(map_field_type TSRMLS_CC, 3, spl_ce_ArrayAccess,
+                      zend_ce_aggregate, spl_ce_Countable);
+map_field_handlers->write_dimension = map_field_write_dimension;
+map_field_handlers->get_gc = map_field_get_gc;
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_END
+
+void map_field_ensure_created(const upb_fielddef *field,
+                              CACHED_VALUE *map_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+  if (ZVAL_IS_NULL(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(map_field))) {
+    zval_ptr_dtor(map_field);
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(map_field));
+#endif
+    map_field_create_with_field(map_field_type, field,
+                                map_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+  }
+}
+
+void map_field_create_with_field(const zend_class_entry *ce,
+                                 const upb_fielddef *field,
+                                 CACHED_VALUE *map_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+  const upb_fielddef *key_field = map_field_key(field);
+  const upb_fielddef *value_field = map_field_value(field);
+  map_field_create_with_type(
+      ce, upb_fielddef_type(key_field), upb_fielddef_type(value_field),
+      field_type_class(value_field TSRMLS_CC), map_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+void map_field_create_with_type(const zend_class_entry *ce,
+                                upb_fieldtype_t key_type,
+                                upb_fieldtype_t value_type,
+                                const zend_class_entry *msg_ce,
+                                CACHED_VALUE *map_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+  CREATE_OBJ_ON_ALLOCATED_ZVAL_PTR(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(map_field),
+                                   map_field_type);
+  Map *intern = UNBOX(Map, CACHED_TO_ZVAL_PTR(*map_field));
+  intern->key_type = key_type;
+  intern->value_type = value_type;
+  intern->msg_ce = msg_ce;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MapField Handlers
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static bool map_field_read_dimension(zval *object, zval *key, int type,
+                                     CACHED_VALUE *retval TSRMLS_DC) {
+  Map *intern = UNBOX(Map, object);
+
+  char keybuf[TABLE_KEY_BUF_LENGTH];
+  const char* keyval = NULL;
+  size_t length = 0;
+  upb_value v;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  v.ctype = UPB_CTYPE_UINT64;
+#endif
+  if (!table_key(intern, key, keybuf, &keyval, &length TSRMLS_CC)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (upb_strtable_lookup2(&intern->table, keyval, length, &v)) {
+    void* mem = upb_value_memory(&v);
+    native_slot_get_by_map_value(intern->value_type, mem, retval TSRMLS_CC);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given key doesn't exist.");
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static void map_index_unset(Map *intern, const char* keyval, int length) {
+  upb_value old_value;
+  if (upb_strtable_remove2(&intern->table, keyval, length, &old_value)) {
+    switch (intern->value_type) {
+      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+        zval_ptr_dtor(upb_value_memory(&old_value));
+#else
+        zend_object* object = *(zend_object**)upb_value_memory(&old_value);
+        GC_DELREF(object);
+        if(GC_REFCOUNT(object) == 0) {
+          zend_objects_store_del(object);
+        }
+#endif
+        break;
+      }
+      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+        zval_ptr_dtor(upb_value_memory(&old_value));
+#else
+        zend_string* object = *(zend_string**)upb_value_memory(&old_value);
+        zend_string_release(object);
+#endif
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool map_index_set(Map *intern, const char* keyval, int length, upb_value v) {
+  // Replace any existing value by issuing a 'remove' operation first.
+  map_index_unset(intern, keyval, length);
+
+  if (!upb_strtable_insert2(&intern->table, keyval, length, v)) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Could not insert into table");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void map_field_write_dimension(zval *object, zval *key,
+                                      zval *value TSRMLS_DC) {
+  Map *intern = UNBOX(Map, object);
+
+  char keybuf[TABLE_KEY_BUF_LENGTH];
+  const char* keyval = NULL;
+  size_t length = 0;
+  upb_value v;
+  void* mem;
+  if (!table_key(intern, key, keybuf, &keyval, &length TSRMLS_CC)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  mem = upb_value_memory(&v);
+  memset(mem, 0, native_slot_size(intern->value_type));
+  if (!native_slot_set_by_map(intern->value_type, intern->msg_ce, mem,
+                                value TSRMLS_CC)) {
+    return;
+  }
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  v.ctype = UPB_CTYPE_UINT64;
+#endif
+
+  map_index_set(intern, keyval, length, v);
+}
+
+static bool map_field_unset_dimension(zval *object, zval *key TSRMLS_DC) {
+  Map *intern = UNBOX(Map, object);
+
+  char keybuf[TABLE_KEY_BUF_LENGTH];
+  const char* keyval = NULL;
+  size_t length = 0;
+  if (!table_key(intern, key, keybuf, &keyval, &length TSRMLS_CC)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  v.ctype = UPB_CTYPE_UINT64;
+#endif
+
+  map_index_unset(intern, keyval, length);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PHP MapField Methods
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, __construct) {
+  long key_type, value_type;
+  zend_class_entry* klass = NULL;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "ll|C", &key_type,
+                            &value_type, &klass) == FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Map *intern = UNBOX(Map, getThis());
+  intern->key_type = to_fieldtype(key_type);
+  intern->value_type = to_fieldtype(value_type);
+  intern->msg_ce = klass;
+
+  // Check that the key type is an allowed type.
+  switch (intern->key_type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      // These are OK.
+      break;
+    default:
+      zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Invalid key type for map.");
+  }
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, offsetExists) {
+  zval *key;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "z", &key) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Map *intern = UNBOX(Map, getThis());
+
+  char keybuf[TABLE_KEY_BUF_LENGTH];
+  const char* keyval = NULL;
+  size_t length = 0;
+  upb_value v;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  v.ctype = UPB_CTYPE_UINT64;
+#endif
+  if (!table_key(intern, key, keybuf, &keyval, &length TSRMLS_CC)) {
+    RETURN_BOOL(false);
+  }
+
+  RETURN_BOOL(upb_strtable_lookup2(&intern->table, keyval, length, &v));
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, offsetGet) {
+  zval *index;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "z", &index) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  map_field_read_dimension(getThis(), index, BP_VAR_R,
+                           ZVAL_PTR_TO_CACHED_PTR(return_value) TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, offsetSet) {
+  zval *index, *value;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "zz", &index, &value) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  map_field_write_dimension(getThis(), index, value TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, offsetUnset) {
+  zval *index;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "z", &index) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  map_field_unset_dimension(getThis(), index TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, count) {
+  Map *intern = UNBOX(Map, getThis());
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters_none() == FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  RETURN_LONG(upb_strtable_count(&intern->table));
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, getIterator) {
+  CREATE_OBJ_ON_ALLOCATED_ZVAL_PTR(return_value,
+                                   map_field_iter_type);
+
+  MapIter *iter = UNBOX(MapIter, return_value);
+  map_begin(getThis(), iter TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Map Iterator
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void map_begin(zval *map_php, MapIter *iter TSRMLS_DC) {
+  Map *self = UNBOX(Map, map_php);
+  map_begin_internal(self, iter);
+}
+
+void map_next(MapIter *iter) {
+  upb_strtable_next(&iter->it);
+}
+
+bool map_done(MapIter *iter) {
+  return upb_strtable_done(&iter->it);
+}
+
+const char *map_iter_key(MapIter *iter, int *len) {
+  *len = upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&iter->it);
+  return upb_strtable_iter_key(&iter->it);
+}
+
+upb_value map_iter_value(MapIter *iter, int *len) {
+  *len = native_slot_size(iter->self->value_type);
+  return upb_strtable_iter_value(&iter->it);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MapFieldIter methods
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static zend_function_entry map_field_iter_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(MapFieldIter, rewind,      arginfo_void, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(MapFieldIter, current,     arginfo_void, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(MapFieldIter, key,         arginfo_void, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(MapFieldIter, next,        arginfo_void, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(MapFieldIter, valid,       arginfo_void, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  ZEND_FE_END
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MapFieldIter creation/desctruction
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Define object free method.
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_EMPTY_FREE_START(MapIter, map_field_iter)
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_FREE_END
+
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_EMPTY_DTOR_START(MapIter, map_field_iter)
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_DTOR_END
+
+// Define object create method.
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_START(MapIter, map_field_iter)
+intern->self = NULL;
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_END(MapIter, map_field_iter)
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\MapFieldIter",
+                           MapIter, map_field_iter)
+zend_class_implements(map_field_iter_type TSRMLS_CC, 1, zend_ce_iterator);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_END
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PHP MapFieldIter Methods
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapFieldIter, rewind) {
+  MapIter *intern = UNBOX(MapIter, getThis());
+  map_begin_internal(intern->self, intern);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapFieldIter, current) {
+  MapIter *intern = UNBOX(MapIter, getThis());
+  Map *map_field = intern->self;
+
+  int value_length = 0;
+  upb_value value = map_iter_value(intern, &value_length);
+
+  void* mem = upb_value_memory(&value);
+  native_slot_get_by_map_value(map_field->value_type, mem,
+                               ZVAL_PTR_TO_CACHED_PTR(return_value) TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapFieldIter, key) {
+  MapIter *intern = UNBOX(MapIter, getThis());
+  Map *map_field = intern->self;
+
+  int key_length = 0;
+  const char* key = map_iter_key(intern, &key_length);
+
+  native_slot_get_by_map_key(map_field->key_type, key, key_length,
+                             ZVAL_PTR_TO_CACHED_PTR(return_value) TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapFieldIter, next) {
+  MapIter *intern = UNBOX(MapIter, getThis());
+  map_next(intern);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapFieldIter, valid) {
+  MapIter *intern = UNBOX(MapIter, getThis());
+  RETURN_BOOL(!map_done(intern));
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/message.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/message.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..edd62d007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/message.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2734 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <php.h>
+#include <Zend/zend_exceptions.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+#include <Zend/zend_compile.h>
+#else
+#include <Zend/zend_inheritance.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+zend_class_entry* message_type;
+zend_object_handlers* message_handlers;
+static const char TYPE_URL_PREFIX[] = "type.googleapis.com/";
+static void hex_to_binary(const char* hex, char** binary, int* binary_len);
+
+static  zend_function_entry message_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Message, clear, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Message, discardUnknownFields, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Message, serializeToString, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Message, mergeFromString, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Message, serializeToJsonString, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Message, mergeFromJsonString, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Message, mergeFrom, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Message, readWrapperValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED)
+  PHP_ME(Message, writeWrapperValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED)
+  PHP_ME(Message, readOneof, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED)
+  PHP_ME(Message, writeOneof, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED)
+  PHP_ME(Message, whichOneof, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED)
+  PHP_ME(Message, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+// Forward declare static functions.
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+static void message_set_property(zval* object, zval* member, zval* value,
+                                 php_proto_zend_literal key TSRMLS_DC);
+static zval* message_get_property(zval* object, zval* member, int type,
+                                  const zend_literal* key TSRMLS_DC);
+static zval** message_get_property_ptr_ptr(zval* object, zval* member, int type,
+                                           php_proto_zend_literal key TSRMLS_DC);
+static HashTable* message_get_gc(zval* object, zval*** table, int* n TSRMLS_DC);
+#else
+#if PHP_VERSION_ID < 70400
+static void message_set_property(zval* object, zval* member, zval* value,
+                                 void** cache_slot);
+#else
+static zval* message_set_property(zval* object, zval* member, zval* value,
+                                  void** cache_slot);
+#endif
+static zval* message_get_property(zval* object, zval* member, int type,
+                                  void** cache_slot, zval* rv);
+static zval* message_get_property_ptr_ptr(zval* object, zval* member, int type,
+                                          void** cache_slot);
+static HashTable* message_get_gc(zval* object, zval** table, int* n);
+#endif
+static HashTable* message_get_properties(zval* object TSRMLS_DC);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PHP Message Handlers
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Define object free method.
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_FREE_START(MessageHeader, message)
+  if (intern->data) {
+    if (*(void**)intern->data != NULL) {
+      stringsink_uninit_opaque(*(void**)intern->data);
+      FREE(*(void**)intern->data);
+    }
+    FREE(intern->data);
+  }
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_FREE_END
+
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_EMPTY_DTOR_START(MessageHeader, message)
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_DTOR_END
+
+// Define object create method.
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_START(MessageHeader, message)
+// Because php call this create func before calling the sub-message's
+// constructor defined in PHP, it's possible that the decriptor of this class
+// hasn't been added to descritpor pool (when the class is first
+// instantiated). In that case, we will defer the initialization of the custom
+// data to the parent Message's constructor, which will be called by
+// sub-message's constructors after the descriptor has been added.
+PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_END(MessageHeader, message)
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\Message",
+                           MessageHeader, message)
+  message_handlers->write_property = message_set_property;
+  message_handlers->read_property = message_get_property;
+  message_handlers->get_property_ptr_ptr = message_get_property_ptr_ptr;
+  message_handlers->get_properties = message_get_properties;
+  message_handlers->get_gc = message_get_gc;
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_END
+
+static void message_set_property_internal(zval* object, zval* member,
+                                          zval* value TSRMLS_DC) {
+  const upb_fielddef* field;
+
+  MessageHeader* self = UNBOX(MessageHeader, object);
+
+  field = upb_msgdef_ntofz(self->descriptor->msgdef, Z_STRVAL_P(member));
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Unknown field: %s", Z_STRVAL_P(member));
+  }
+
+  layout_set(self->descriptor->layout, self, field, value TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+static void message_set_property(zval* object, zval* member, zval* value,
+                                 php_proto_zend_literal key TSRMLS_DC) {
+#elif PHP_VERSION_ID < 70400
+static void message_set_property(zval* object, zval* member, zval* value,
+                                 void** cache_slot) {
+#else
+static zval* message_set_property(zval* object, zval* member, zval* value,
+                                  void** cache_slot) {
+#endif
+  if (Z_TYPE_P(member) != IS_STRING) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Unexpected type for field name");
+#if PHP_VERSION_ID < 70400
+    return;
+#else
+    return value;
+#endif
+  }
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7 || (PHP_MAJOR_VERSION == 7 && PHP_MINOR_VERSION == 0)
+  if (Z_OBJCE_P(object) != EG(scope)) {
+#else
+  if (Z_OBJCE_P(object) != zend_get_executed_scope()) {
+#endif
+    // User cannot set property directly (e.g., $m->a = 1)
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Cannot access private property.");
+#if PHP_VERSION_ID < 70400
+    return;
+#else
+    return value;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  message_set_property_internal(object, member, value TSRMLS_CC);
+#if PHP_VERSION_ID >= 70400
+  return value;
+#endif
+}
+
+static zval* message_get_property_internal(zval* object,
+                                           zval* member TSRMLS_DC) {
+  MessageHeader* self = UNBOX(MessageHeader, object);
+  const upb_fielddef* field;
+  field = upb_msgdef_ntofz(self->descriptor->msgdef, Z_STRVAL_P(member));
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    return PHP_PROTO_GLOBAL_UNINITIALIZED_ZVAL;
+  }
+
+  zend_property_info* property_info;
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  property_info =
+      zend_get_property_info(Z_OBJCE_P(object), member, true TSRMLS_CC);
+#else
+  property_info =
+      zend_get_property_info(Z_OBJCE_P(object), Z_STR_P(member), true);
+#endif
+  return layout_get(
+      self->descriptor->layout, self, field,
+      OBJ_PROP(Z_OBJ_P(object), property_info->offset) TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+static void message_get_oneof_property_internal(zval* object, zval* member,
+                                                zval* return_value TSRMLS_DC) {
+  MessageHeader* self = UNBOX(MessageHeader, object);
+  const upb_fielddef* field;
+  field = upb_msgdef_ntofz(self->descriptor->msgdef, Z_STRVAL_P(member));
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  layout_get(self->descriptor->layout, self, field,
+             ZVAL_PTR_TO_CACHED_PTR(return_value) TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+static zval* message_get_property(zval* object, zval* member, int type,
+                                  const zend_literal* key TSRMLS_DC) {
+#else
+static zval* message_get_property(zval* object, zval* member, int type,
+                                  void** cache_slot, zval* rv) {
+#endif
+  if (Z_TYPE_P(member) != IS_STRING) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Property name has to be a string.");
+    return PHP_PROTO_GLOBAL_UNINITIALIZED_ZVAL;
+  }
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7 || (PHP_MAJOR_VERSION == 7 && PHP_MINOR_VERSION == 0)
+  if (Z_OBJCE_P(object) != EG(scope)) {
+#else
+  if (Z_OBJCE_P(object) != zend_get_executed_scope()) {
+#endif
+    // User cannot get property directly (e.g., $a = $m->a)
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Cannot access private property.");
+    return PHP_PROTO_GLOBAL_UNINITIALIZED_ZVAL;
+  }
+
+  return message_get_property_internal(object, member TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+static zval** message_get_property_ptr_ptr(zval* object, zval* member, int type,
+                                           php_proto_zend_literal key
+                                               TSRMLS_DC) {
+#else
+static zval* message_get_property_ptr_ptr(zval* object, zval* member, int type,
+                                          void** cache_slot) {
+#endif
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static HashTable* message_get_properties(zval* object TSRMLS_DC) {
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static HashTable* message_get_gc(zval* object, CACHED_VALUE** table,
+                                 int* n TSRMLS_DC) {
+  zend_object* zobj = Z_OBJ_P(object);
+  *table = zobj->properties_table;
+  *n = zobj->ce->default_properties_count;
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// C Message Utilities
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void* message_data(MessageHeader* msg) {
+  return msg->data;
+}
+
+void custom_data_init(const zend_class_entry* ce,
+                      MessageHeader* intern PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+  DescriptorInternal* desc = get_ce_desc(ce);
+  intern->data = ALLOC_N(uint8_t, desc->layout->size);
+  // We wrap first so that everything in the message object is GC-rooted in
+  // case a collection happens during object creation in layout_init().
+  intern->descriptor = desc;
+  layout_init(desc->layout, message_data(intern),
+              &intern->std PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+#define INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY                                    \
+  {                                                                \
+    zval* array_wrapper = NULL;                                    \
+    if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC,           \
+                              "|a!", &array_wrapper) == FAILURE) { \
+      return;                                                      \
+    }                                                              \
+    Message_construct(getThis(), array_wrapper);                   \
+  }
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PHP Methods
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void append_wrapper_message(
+    zend_class_entry* subklass, RepeatedField* intern, zval* value TSRMLS_DC) {
+  MessageHeader* submsg;
+  const upb_fielddef* field;
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  zval* val = NULL;
+  MAKE_STD_ZVAL(val);
+  ZVAL_OBJ(val, subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC));
+  repeated_field_push_native(intern, &val);
+  submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, val);
+#else
+  zend_object* obj = subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC);
+  repeated_field_push_native(intern, &obj);
+  submsg = (MessageHeader*)((char*)obj - XtOffsetOf(MessageHeader, std));
+#endif
+  custom_data_init(subklass, submsg PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+
+  field = upb_msgdef_itof(submsg->descriptor->msgdef, 1);
+  layout_set(submsg->descriptor->layout, submsg, field, value TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+static void set_wrapper_message_as_map_value(
+    zend_class_entry* subklass, zval* map, zval* key,  zval* value TSRMLS_DC) {
+  MessageHeader* submsg;
+  const upb_fielddef* field;
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  zval* val = NULL;
+  MAKE_STD_ZVAL(val);
+  ZVAL_OBJ(val, subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC));
+  map_field_handlers->write_dimension(
+      map, key, val TSRMLS_CC);
+  submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, val);
+#else
+  zval val;
+  zend_object* obj = subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC);
+  ZVAL_OBJ(&val, obj);
+  map_field_handlers->write_dimension(map, key, &val TSRMLS_CC);
+  submsg = (MessageHeader*)((char*)obj - XtOffsetOf(MessageHeader, std));
+#endif
+  custom_data_init(subklass, submsg PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+
+  field = upb_msgdef_itof(submsg->descriptor->msgdef, 1);
+  layout_set(submsg->descriptor->layout, submsg, field, value TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+void Message_construct(zval* msg, zval* array_wrapper) {
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  zend_class_entry* ce = Z_OBJCE_P(msg);
+  MessageHeader* intern = NULL;
+
+  if (!class_added(ce)) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    DescriptorInternal* desc = get_class_desc(ce->name);
+#else
+    DescriptorInternal* desc = get_class_desc(ZSTR_VAL(ce->name));
+#endif
+    register_class(desc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+  }
+
+  intern = UNBOX(MessageHeader, msg);
+  custom_data_init(ce, intern PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+
+  if (array_wrapper == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  HashTable* array = Z_ARRVAL_P(array_wrapper);
+  HashPosition pointer;
+  zval key;
+  void* value;
+  const upb_fielddef* field;
+
+  for (zend_hash_internal_pointer_reset_ex(array, &pointer);
+       php_proto_zend_hash_get_current_data_ex(array, (void**)&value,
+                                               &pointer) == SUCCESS;
+       zend_hash_move_forward_ex(array, &pointer)) {
+    zend_hash_get_current_key_zval_ex(array, &key, &pointer);
+    field = upb_msgdef_ntofz(intern->descriptor->msgdef, Z_STRVAL_P(&key));
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION >= 7
+    if (Z_ISREF_P((CACHED_VALUE*)value)) {
+      value = Z_REFVAL_P((CACHED_VALUE*)value);
+    }
+#endif
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Unknown field: %s", Z_STRVAL_P(&key));
+    }
+    if (upb_fielddef_ismap(field)) {
+      PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_BEGIN(Z_OBJCE_P(msg));
+      zval* submap = message_get_property_internal(msg, &key TSRMLS_CC);
+      PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_END;
+      HashTable* subtable = HASH_OF(
+          CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)value));
+      HashPosition subpointer;
+      zval subkey;
+      void* memory;
+      bool is_wrapper = false;
+      zend_class_entry* subklass = NULL;
+      const upb_msgdef* mapentry = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+      const upb_fielddef *value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(mapentry, 2);
+
+      if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(value_field)) {
+        const upb_msgdef* submsgdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(value_field);
+        is_wrapper = is_wrapper_msg(submsgdef);
+
+        if (is_wrapper) {
+          DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(submsgdef);
+          register_class(subdesc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+          subklass = subdesc->klass;
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (zend_hash_internal_pointer_reset_ex(subtable, &subpointer);
+           php_proto_zend_hash_get_current_data_ex(subtable, (void**)&memory,
+                                                   &subpointer) == SUCCESS;
+           zend_hash_move_forward_ex(subtable, &subpointer)) {
+        zend_hash_get_current_key_zval_ex(subtable, &subkey, &subpointer);
+        if (is_wrapper &&
+            Z_TYPE_P(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)memory)) != IS_OBJECT) {
+          set_wrapper_message_as_map_value(
+              subklass, submap, &subkey,
+              CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)memory) TSRMLS_CC);
+        } else {
+          map_field_handlers->write_dimension(
+              submap, &subkey,
+              CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)memory) TSRMLS_CC);
+        }
+        zval_dtor(&subkey);
+      }
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_isseq(field)) {
+      PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_BEGIN(Z_OBJCE_P(msg));
+      zval* subarray = message_get_property_internal(msg, &key TSRMLS_CC);
+      PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_END;
+      HashTable* subtable = HASH_OF(
+          CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)value));
+      HashPosition subpointer;
+      void* memory;
+      bool is_wrapper = false;
+      zend_class_entry* subklass = NULL;
+
+      if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(field)) {
+        const upb_msgdef* submsgdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+        is_wrapper = is_wrapper_msg(submsgdef);
+
+        if (is_wrapper) {
+          DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(submsgdef);
+          register_class(subdesc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+          subklass = subdesc->klass;
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (zend_hash_internal_pointer_reset_ex(subtable, &subpointer);
+           php_proto_zend_hash_get_current_data_ex(subtable, (void**)&memory,
+                                                   &subpointer) == SUCCESS;
+           zend_hash_move_forward_ex(subtable, &subpointer)) {
+        if (is_wrapper &&
+            Z_TYPE_P(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)memory)) != IS_OBJECT) {
+          RepeatedField* intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, subarray);
+          append_wrapper_message(
+              subklass, intern,
+              CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)memory) TSRMLS_CC);
+        } else {
+          repeated_field_handlers->write_dimension(
+              subarray, NULL,
+              CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)memory) TSRMLS_CC);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(field)) {
+      const upb_msgdef* submsgdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+      DescriptorInternal* desc = get_msgdef_desc(submsgdef);
+      register_class(desc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+
+      CACHED_VALUE* cached = NULL;
+      if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field)) {
+        void* memory = slot_memory(intern->descriptor->layout,
+                                   message_data(intern), field);
+        uint32_t* oneof_case = slot_oneof_case(intern->descriptor->layout,
+                                               message_data(intern), field);
+        int property_cache_index =
+            intern->descriptor->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)]
+                .cache_index;
+        cached = OBJ_PROP(Z_OBJ_P(msg), property_cache_index);
+        *(CACHED_VALUE**)(memory) = cached;
+        *oneof_case = upb_fielddef_number(field);
+      } else {
+        zend_property_info* property_info;
+        PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_BEGIN(Z_OBJCE_P(msg));
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+        property_info =
+            zend_get_property_info(Z_OBJCE_P(msg), &key, true TSRMLS_CC);
+#else
+        property_info =
+            zend_get_property_info(Z_OBJCE_P(msg), Z_STR_P(&key), true);
+#endif
+        PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_END;
+        cached = OBJ_PROP(Z_OBJ_P(msg), property_info->offset);
+      }
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(cached);
+#endif
+      zval* submsg = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached);
+      ZVAL_OBJ(submsg, desc->klass->create_object(desc->klass TSRMLS_CC));
+      Message_construct(submsg, NULL);
+      MessageHeader* to = UNBOX(MessageHeader, submsg);
+      const upb_filedef *file = upb_msgdef_file(submsgdef);
+      if (!strcmp(upb_filedef_name(file), "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto") &&
+          Z_TYPE_P(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)value)) != IS_OBJECT) {
+        const upb_fielddef *value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(submsgdef, 1);
+        layout_set(to->descriptor->layout, to,
+                   value_field, CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)value)
+                   TSRMLS_CC);
+      } else {
+        MessageHeader* from =
+            UNBOX(MessageHeader,
+                  CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)value));
+        if(from->descriptor != to->descriptor) {
+          zend_error(E_USER_ERROR,
+                     "Cannot merge messages with different class.");
+          return;
+        }
+
+        layout_merge(from->descriptor->layout, from, to TSRMLS_CC);
+      }
+    } else {
+      message_set_property_internal(msg, &key,
+          CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)value) TSRMLS_CC);
+    }
+    zval_dtor(&key);
+  }
+}
+
+// At the first time the message is created, the class entry hasn't been
+// modified. As a result, the first created instance will be a normal zend
+// object. Here, we manually modify it to our message in such a case.
+PHP_METHOD(Message, __construct) {
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, clear) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, getThis());
+  DescriptorInternal* desc = msg->descriptor;
+  register_class(desc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_class_entry* ce = desc->klass;
+
+  zend_object_std_dtor(&msg->std TSRMLS_CC);
+  object_properties_init(&msg->std, ce);
+
+  layout_init(desc->layout, message_data(msg), &msg->std TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, mergeFrom) {
+  zval* value;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "O", &value,
+                            message_type) == FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  MessageHeader* from = UNBOX(MessageHeader, value);
+  MessageHeader* to = UNBOX(MessageHeader, getThis());
+
+  if(from->descriptor != to->descriptor) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Cannot merge messages with different class.");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  layout_merge(from->descriptor->layout, from, to TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, readWrapperValue) {
+  char* member;
+  PHP_PROTO_SIZE length;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &member,
+                            &length) == FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  MessageHeader* msg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, getThis());
+  const upb_fielddef* field =
+      upb_msgdef_ntofz(msg->descriptor->msgdef, member);
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field)) {
+    uint32_t* oneof_case =
+        slot_oneof_case(msg->descriptor->layout, message_data(msg), field);
+    if (*oneof_case != upb_fielddef_number(field)) {
+      RETURN_NULL();
+    }
+  }
+
+  zval* cached_zval =
+      CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(find_zval_property(msg, field));
+
+  if (Z_TYPE_P(cached_zval) == IS_NULL) {
+    RETURN_NULL();
+  }
+
+  if (Z_TYPE_P(cached_zval) == IS_OBJECT) {
+    const upb_msgdef* submsgdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+    const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(submsgdef, 1);
+    MessageHeader* submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, cached_zval);
+    CACHED_VALUE* cached_value = find_zval_property(submsg, value_field);
+    layout_get(submsg->descriptor->layout, submsg, value_field,
+               cached_value TSRMLS_CC);
+    RETURN_ZVAL(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached_value), 1, 0);
+  } else {
+    RETURN_ZVAL(cached_zval, 1, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, writeWrapperValue) {
+  char* member;
+  PHP_PROTO_SIZE length;
+  zval* value;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(
+      ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "sz", &member, &length, &value) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  MessageHeader* msg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, getThis());
+  const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msgdef_ntofz(msg->descriptor->msgdef, member);
+
+  zval* cached_zval =
+      CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(find_zval_property(msg, field));
+
+  if (Z_TYPE_P(value) == IS_NULL) {
+    MessageHeader* msg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, getThis());
+    layout_set(msg->descriptor->layout, msg,
+               field, value TSRMLS_CC);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Type Checking
+    const upb_msgdef* submsgdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+    const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(submsgdef, 1);
+    upb_fieldtype_t type = upb_fielddef_type(value_field);
+    switch(type) {
+      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+        if (!protobuf_convert_to_string(value)) {
+          return;
+        }
+        if (type == UPB_TYPE_STRING &&
+            !is_structurally_valid_utf8(Z_STRVAL_P(value), Z_STRLEN_P(value))) {
+          zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given string is not UTF8 encoded.");
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+#define CASE_TYPE(upb_type, type, c_type)                    \
+  case UPB_TYPE_##upb_type: {                                \
+    c_type type##_value;                                     \
+    if (!protobuf_convert_to_##type(value, &type##_value)) { \
+      return;                                                \
+    }                                                        \
+    break;                                                   \
+  }
+      CASE_TYPE(INT32,  int32,  int32_t)
+      CASE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32, uint32_t)
+      CASE_TYPE(ENUM,   int32,  int32_t)
+      CASE_TYPE(INT64,  int64,  int64_t)
+      CASE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64, uint64_t)
+      CASE_TYPE(FLOAT,  float,  float)
+      CASE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double, double)
+      CASE_TYPE(BOOL,   bool,   int8_t)
+
+#undef CASE_TYPE
+      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        zend_error(E_ERROR, "No wrapper for message.");
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field)) {
+    uint32_t* oneof_case =
+        slot_oneof_case(msg->descriptor->layout, message_data(msg), field);
+    if (*oneof_case != upb_fielddef_number(field)) {
+      zval null_value;
+      ZVAL_NULL(&null_value);
+      layout_set(msg->descriptor->layout, msg, field, &null_value TSRMLS_CC);
+      cached_zval = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(find_zval_property(msg, field));
+      ZVAL_ZVAL(cached_zval, value, 1, 0);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (Z_TYPE_P(cached_zval) == IS_OBJECT) {
+    const upb_msgdef* submsgdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+    const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(submsgdef, 1);
+    MessageHeader* submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, cached_zval);
+    layout_set(submsg->descriptor->layout, submsg,
+               value_field, value TSRMLS_CC);
+  } else {
+    ZVAL_ZVAL(cached_zval, value, 1, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, readOneof) {
+  PHP_PROTO_LONG index;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &index) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  MessageHeader* msg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, getThis());
+
+  const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msgdef_itof(msg->descriptor->msgdef, index);
+
+  // Unlike singular fields, oneof fields share cached property. So we cannot
+  // let layout_get modify the cached property. Instead, we pass in the return
+  // value directly.
+  layout_get(msg->descriptor->layout, msg, field,
+             ZVAL_PTR_TO_CACHED_PTR(return_value) TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, writeOneof) {
+  PHP_PROTO_LONG index;
+  zval* value;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "lz", &index, &value) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  MessageHeader* msg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, getThis());
+
+  const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msgdef_itof(msg->descriptor->msgdef, index);
+
+  layout_set(msg->descriptor->layout, msg, field, value TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, whichOneof) {
+  char* oneof_name;
+  PHP_PROTO_SIZE length;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &oneof_name,
+                            &length) == FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  MessageHeader* msg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, getThis());
+
+  const upb_oneofdef* oneof =
+      upb_msgdef_ntoo(msg->descriptor->msgdef, oneof_name, length);
+  const char* oneof_case_name = layout_get_oneof_case(
+      msg->descriptor->layout, message_data(msg), oneof TSRMLS_CC);
+  PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING(oneof_case_name, 1);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Well Known Types Support
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(UPPER_CLASS, LOWER_CLASS, UPPER_FIELD,       \
+                                  LOWER_FIELD)                                 \
+  PHP_METHOD(UPPER_CLASS, get##UPPER_FIELD) {                                  \
+    zval member;                                                               \
+    PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&member, LOWER_FIELD, 1);                            \
+    PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_BEGIN(LOWER_CLASS##_type);                            \
+    zval* value = message_get_property_internal(getThis(), &member TSRMLS_CC); \
+    PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_END;                                                  \
+    zval_dtor(&member);                                                        \
+    PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_ZVAL(value);                                              \
+  }                                                                            \
+  PHP_METHOD(UPPER_CLASS, set##UPPER_FIELD) {                                  \
+    zval* value = NULL;                                                        \
+    if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "z", &value) ==       \
+        FAILURE) {                                                             \
+      return;                                                                  \
+    }                                                                          \
+    zval member;                                                               \
+    PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&member, LOWER_FIELD, 1);                            \
+    message_set_property_internal(getThis(), &member, value TSRMLS_CC);        \
+    zval_dtor(&member);                                                        \
+    PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_ZVAL(getThis());                                          \
+  }
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_ONEOF_FIELD_ACCESSORS(UPPER_CLASS, LOWER_CLASS, UPPER_FIELD, \
+                                        LOWER_FIELD)                           \
+  PHP_METHOD(UPPER_CLASS, get##UPPER_FIELD) {                                  \
+    zval member;                                                               \
+    PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&member, LOWER_FIELD, 1);                            \
+    PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_BEGIN(LOWER_CLASS##_type);                            \
+    message_get_oneof_property_internal(getThis(), &member,                    \
+                                        return_value TSRMLS_CC);               \
+    PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_END;                                                  \
+    zval_dtor(&member);                                                        \
+  }                                                                            \
+  PHP_METHOD(UPPER_CLASS, set##UPPER_FIELD) {                                  \
+    zval* value = NULL;                                                        \
+    if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "z", &value) ==       \
+        FAILURE) {                                                             \
+      return;                                                                  \
+    }                                                                          \
+    zval member;                                                               \
+    PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&member, LOWER_FIELD, 1);                            \
+    message_set_property_internal(getThis(), &member, value TSRMLS_CC);        \
+    zval_dtor(&member);                                                        \
+    PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_ZVAL(getThis());                                          \
+  }
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_ONEOF_ACCESSORS(UPPER_CLASS, LOWER_CLASS, UPPER_FIELD, \
+                                  LOWER_FIELD)                           \
+  PHP_METHOD(UPPER_CLASS, get##UPPER_FIELD) {                            \
+    MessageHeader* msg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, getThis());                \
+    PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_BEGIN(LOWER_CLASS##_type);                      \
+    const upb_oneofdef* oneof = upb_msgdef_ntoo(                         \
+        msg->descriptor->msgdef, LOWER_FIELD, strlen(LOWER_FIELD));      \
+    const char* oneof_case_name = layout_get_oneof_case(                 \
+        msg->descriptor->layout, message_data(msg), oneof TSRMLS_CC);    \
+    PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_END;                                            \
+    PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING(oneof_case_name, 1);                         \
+  }
+
+// Forward declare file init functions
+static void init_file_any(TSRMLS_D);
+static void init_file_api(TSRMLS_D);
+static void init_file_duration(TSRMLS_D);
+static void init_file_field_mask(TSRMLS_D);
+static void init_file_empty(TSRMLS_D);
+static void init_file_source_context(TSRMLS_D);
+static void init_file_struct(TSRMLS_D);
+static void init_file_timestamp(TSRMLS_D);
+static void init_file_type(TSRMLS_D);
+static void init_file_wrappers(TSRMLS_D);
+
+// Define file init functions
+static void init_file_any(TSRMLS_D) {
+  if (is_inited_file_any) return;
+  init_generated_pool_once(TSRMLS_C);
+  const char* generated_file =
+      "0acd010a19676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f616e792e70726f746f"
+      "120f676f6f676c652e70726f746f62756622260a03416e7912100a087479"
+      "70655f75726c180120012809120d0a0576616c756518022001280c426f0a"
+      "13636f6d2e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275664208416e7950726f746f"
+      "50015a256769746875622e636f6d2f676f6c616e672f70726f746f627566"
+      "2f7074797065732f616e79a20203475042aa021e476f6f676c652e50726f"
+      "746f6275662e57656c6c4b6e6f776e5479706573620670726f746f33";
+  char* binary;
+  int binary_len;
+  hex_to_binary(generated_file, &binary, &binary_len);
+  internal_add_generated_file(binary, binary_len,
+                              generated_pool, true TSRMLS_CC);
+  FREE(binary);
+  is_inited_file_any = true;
+}
+
+static void init_file_api(TSRMLS_D) {
+  if (is_inited_file_api) return;
+  init_file_source_context(TSRMLS_C);
+  init_file_type(TSRMLS_C);
+  init_generated_pool_once(TSRMLS_C);
+  const char* generated_file =
+      "0aee050a19676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f6170692e70726f746f"
+      "120f676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275661a24676f6f676c652f70726f74"
+      "6f6275662f736f757263655f636f6e746578742e70726f746f1a1a676f6f"
+      "676c652f70726f746f6275662f747970652e70726f746f2281020a034170"
+      "69120c0a046e616d6518012001280912280a076d6574686f647318022003"
+      "280b32172e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e4d6574686f6412280a"
+      "076f7074696f6e7318032003280b32172e676f6f676c652e70726f746f62"
+      "75662e4f7074696f6e120f0a0776657273696f6e18042001280912360a0e"
+      "736f757263655f636f6e7465787418052001280b321e2e676f6f676c652e"
+      "70726f746f6275662e536f75726365436f6e7465787412260a066d697869"
+      "6e7318062003280b32162e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e4d6978"
+      "696e12270a0673796e74617818072001280e32172e676f6f676c652e7072"
+      "6f746f6275662e53796e74617822d5010a064d6574686f64120c0a046e61"
+      "6d6518012001280912180a10726571756573745f747970655f75726c1802"
+      "2001280912190a11726571756573745f73747265616d696e671803200128"
+      "0812190a11726573706f6e73655f747970655f75726c180420012809121a"
+      "0a12726573706f6e73655f73747265616d696e6718052001280812280a07"
+      "6f7074696f6e7318062003280b32172e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275"
+      "662e4f7074696f6e12270a0673796e74617818072001280e32172e676f6f"
+      "676c652e70726f746f6275662e53796e74617822230a054d6978696e120c"
+      "0a046e616d65180120012809120c0a04726f6f7418022001280942750a13"
+      "636f6d2e676f6f676c652e70726f746f627566420841706950726f746f50"
+      "015a2b676f6f676c652e676f6c616e672e6f72672f67656e70726f746f2f"
+      "70726f746f6275662f6170693b617069a20203475042aa021e476f6f676c"
+      "652e50726f746f6275662e57656c6c4b6e6f776e5479706573620670726f"
+      "746f33";
+  char* binary;
+  int binary_len;
+  hex_to_binary(generated_file, &binary, &binary_len);
+  internal_add_generated_file(binary, binary_len,
+                              generated_pool, true TSRMLS_CC);
+  FREE(binary);
+  is_inited_file_api = true;
+}
+
+static void init_file_duration(TSRMLS_D) {
+  if (is_inited_file_duration) return;
+  init_generated_pool_once(TSRMLS_C);
+  const char* generated_file =
+      "0ae3010a1e676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f6475726174696f6e2e"
+      "70726f746f120f676f6f676c652e70726f746f627566222a0a0844757261"
+      "74696f6e120f0a077365636f6e6473180120012803120d0a056e616e6f73"
+      "180220012805427c0a13636f6d2e676f6f676c652e70726f746f62756642"
+      "0d4475726174696f6e50726f746f50015a2a6769746875622e636f6d2f67"
+      "6f6c616e672f70726f746f6275662f7074797065732f6475726174696f6e"
+      "f80101a20203475042aa021e476f6f676c652e50726f746f6275662e5765"
+      "6c6c4b6e6f776e5479706573620670726f746f33";
+  char* binary;
+  int binary_len;
+  hex_to_binary(generated_file, &binary, &binary_len);
+  internal_add_generated_file(binary, binary_len,
+                              generated_pool, true TSRMLS_CC);
+  FREE(binary);
+  is_inited_file_duration = true;
+}
+
+static void init_file_field_mask(TSRMLS_D) {
+  if (is_inited_file_field_mask) return;
+  init_generated_pool_once(TSRMLS_C);
+  const char* generated_file =
+      "0ae3010a20676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f6669656c645f6d6173"
+      "6b2e70726f746f120f676f6f676c652e70726f746f627566221a0a094669"
+      "656c644d61736b120d0a0570617468731801200328094289010a13636f6d"
+      "2e676f6f676c652e70726f746f627566420e4669656c644d61736b50726f"
+      "746f50015a39676f6f676c652e676f6c616e672e6f72672f67656e70726f"
+      "746f2f70726f746f6275662f6669656c645f6d61736b3b6669656c645f6d"
+      "61736ba20203475042aa021e476f6f676c652e50726f746f6275662e5765"
+      "6c6c4b6e6f776e5479706573620670726f746f33";
+  char* binary;
+  int binary_len;
+  hex_to_binary(generated_file, &binary, &binary_len);
+  internal_add_generated_file(binary, binary_len,
+                              generated_pool, true TSRMLS_CC);
+  FREE(binary);
+  is_inited_file_field_mask = true;
+}
+
+static void init_file_empty(TSRMLS_D) {
+  if (is_inited_file_empty) return;
+  init_generated_pool_once(TSRMLS_C);
+  const char* generated_file =
+      "0ab7010a1b676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f656d7074792e70726f"
+      "746f120f676f6f676c652e70726f746f62756622070a05456d7074794276"
+      "0a13636f6d2e676f6f676c652e70726f746f627566420a456d7074795072"
+      "6f746f50015a276769746875622e636f6d2f676f6c616e672f70726f746f"
+      "6275662f7074797065732f656d707479f80101a20203475042aa021e476f"
+      "6f676c652e50726f746f6275662e57656c6c4b6e6f776e54797065736206"
+      "70726f746f33";
+  char* binary;
+  int binary_len;
+  hex_to_binary(generated_file, &binary, &binary_len);
+  internal_add_generated_file(binary, binary_len,
+                              generated_pool, true TSRMLS_CC);
+  FREE(binary);
+  is_inited_file_empty = true;
+}
+
+static void init_file_source_context(TSRMLS_D) {
+  if (is_inited_file_source_context) return;
+  init_generated_pool_once(TSRMLS_C);
+  const char* generated_file =
+      "0afb010a24676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f736f757263655f636f"
+      "6e746578742e70726f746f120f676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662222"
+      "0a0d536f75726365436f6e7465787412110a0966696c655f6e616d651801"
+      "200128094295010a13636f6d2e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275664212"
+      "536f75726365436f6e7465787450726f746f50015a41676f6f676c652e67"
+      "6f6c616e672e6f72672f67656e70726f746f2f70726f746f6275662f736f"
+      "757263655f636f6e746578743b736f757263655f636f6e74657874a20203"
+      "475042aa021e476f6f676c652e50726f746f6275662e57656c6c4b6e6f77"
+      "6e5479706573620670726f746f33";
+  char* binary;
+  int binary_len;
+  hex_to_binary(generated_file, &binary, &binary_len);
+  internal_add_generated_file(binary, binary_len,
+                              generated_pool, true TSRMLS_CC);
+  FREE(binary);
+  is_inited_file_source_context = true;
+}
+
+static void init_file_struct(TSRMLS_D) {
+  if (is_inited_file_struct) return;
+  init_generated_pool_once(TSRMLS_C);
+  const char* generated_file =
+      "0a81050a1c676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f7374727563742e7072"
+      "6f746f120f676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662284010a065374727563"
+      "7412330a066669656c647318012003280b32232e676f6f676c652e70726f"
+      "746f6275662e5374727563742e4669656c6473456e7472791a450a0b4669"
+      "656c6473456e747279120b0a036b657918012001280912250a0576616c75"
+      "6518022001280b32162e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e56616c75"
+      "653a02380122ea010a0556616c756512300a0a6e756c6c5f76616c756518"
+      "012001280e321a2e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e4e756c6c5661"
+      "6c7565480012160a0c6e756d6265725f76616c7565180220012801480012"
+      "160a0c737472696e675f76616c7565180320012809480012140a0a626f6f"
+      "6c5f76616c75651804200128084800122f0a0c7374727563745f76616c75"
+      "6518052001280b32172e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e53747275"
+      "6374480012300a0a6c6973745f76616c756518062001280b321a2e676f6f"
+      "676c652e70726f746f6275662e4c69737456616c7565480042060a046b69"
+      "6e6422330a094c69737456616c756512260a0676616c7565731801200328"
+      "0b32162e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e56616c75652a1b0a094e"
+      "756c6c56616c7565120e0a0a4e554c4c5f56414c554510004281010a1363"
+      "6f6d2e676f6f676c652e70726f746f627566420b53747275637450726f74"
+      "6f50015a316769746875622e636f6d2f676f6c616e672f70726f746f6275"
+      "662f7074797065732f7374727563743b7374727563747062f80101a20203"
+      "475042aa021e476f6f676c652e50726f746f6275662e57656c6c4b6e6f77"
+      "6e5479706573620670726f746f33";
+  char* binary;
+  int binary_len;
+  hex_to_binary(generated_file, &binary, &binary_len);
+  internal_add_generated_file(binary, binary_len,
+                              generated_pool, true TSRMLS_CC);
+  FREE(binary);
+  is_inited_file_struct = true;
+}
+
+static void init_file_timestamp(TSRMLS_D) {
+  if (is_inited_file_timestamp) return;
+  init_generated_pool_once(TSRMLS_C);
+  const char* generated_file =
+      "0ae7010a1f676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f74696d657374616d70"
+      "2e70726f746f120f676f6f676c652e70726f746f627566222b0a0954696d"
+      "657374616d70120f0a077365636f6e6473180120012803120d0a056e616e"
+      "6f73180220012805427e0a13636f6d2e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275"
+      "66420e54696d657374616d7050726f746f50015a2b6769746875622e636f"
+      "6d2f676f6c616e672f70726f746f6275662f7074797065732f74696d6573"
+      "74616d70f80101a20203475042aa021e476f6f676c652e50726f746f6275"
+      "662e57656c6c4b6e6f776e5479706573620670726f746f33";
+  char* binary;
+  int binary_len;
+  hex_to_binary(generated_file, &binary, &binary_len);
+  internal_add_generated_file(binary, binary_len,
+                              generated_pool, true TSRMLS_CC);
+  FREE(binary);
+  is_inited_file_timestamp = true;
+}
+
+static void init_file_type(TSRMLS_D) {
+  if (is_inited_file_type) return;
+  init_file_any(TSRMLS_C);
+  init_file_source_context(TSRMLS_C);
+  init_generated_pool_once(TSRMLS_C);
+  const char* generated_file =
+      "0aba0c0a1a676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f747970652e70726f74"
+      "6f120f676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275661a19676f6f676c652f70726f"
+      "746f6275662f616e792e70726f746f1a24676f6f676c652f70726f746f62"
+      "75662f736f757263655f636f6e746578742e70726f746f22d7010a045479"
+      "7065120c0a046e616d6518012001280912260a066669656c647318022003"
+      "280b32162e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e4669656c64120e0a06"
+      "6f6e656f667318032003280912280a076f7074696f6e7318042003280b32"
+      "172e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e4f7074696f6e12360a0e736f"
+      "757263655f636f6e7465787418052001280b321e2e676f6f676c652e7072"
+      "6f746f6275662e536f75726365436f6e7465787412270a0673796e746178"
+      "18062001280e32172e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e53796e7461"
+      "7822d5050a054669656c6412290a046b696e6418012001280e321b2e676f"
+      "6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e4669656c642e4b696e6412370a0b6361"
+      "7264696e616c69747918022001280e32222e676f6f676c652e70726f746f"
+      "6275662e4669656c642e43617264696e616c697479120e0a066e756d6265"
+      "72180320012805120c0a046e616d6518042001280912100a08747970655f"
+      "75726c18062001280912130a0b6f6e656f665f696e646578180720012805"
+      "120e0a067061636b656418082001280812280a076f7074696f6e73180920"
+      "03280b32172e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e4f7074696f6e1211"
+      "0a096a736f6e5f6e616d65180a2001280912150a0d64656661756c745f76"
+      "616c7565180b2001280922c8020a044b696e6412100a0c545950455f554e"
+      "4b4e4f574e1000120f0a0b545950455f444f55424c451001120e0a0a5459"
+      "50455f464c4f41541002120e0a0a545950455f494e5436341003120f0a0b"
+      "545950455f55494e5436341004120e0a0a545950455f494e543332100512"
+      "100a0c545950455f46495845443634100612100a0c545950455f46495845"
+      "4433321007120d0a09545950455f424f4f4c1008120f0a0b545950455f53"
+      "5452494e471009120e0a0a545950455f47524f5550100a12100a0c545950"
+      "455f4d455353414745100b120e0a0a545950455f4259544553100c120f0a"
+      "0b545950455f55494e543332100d120d0a09545950455f454e554d100e12"
+      "110a0d545950455f5346495845443332100f12110a0d545950455f534649"
+      "58454436341010120f0a0b545950455f53494e5433321011120f0a0b5459"
+      "50455f53494e543634101222740a0b43617264696e616c69747912170a13"
+      "43415244494e414c4954595f554e4b4e4f574e100012180a144341524449"
+      "4e414c4954595f4f5054494f4e414c100112180a1443415244494e414c49"
+      "54595f5245515549524544100212180a1443415244494e414c4954595f52"
+      "45504541544544100322ce010a04456e756d120c0a046e616d6518012001"
+      "2809122d0a09656e756d76616c756518022003280b321a2e676f6f676c65"
+      "2e70726f746f6275662e456e756d56616c756512280a076f7074696f6e73"
+      "18032003280b32172e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e4f7074696f"
+      "6e12360a0e736f757263655f636f6e7465787418042001280b321e2e676f"
+      "6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e536f75726365436f6e7465787412270a"
+      "0673796e74617818052001280e32172e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275"
+      "662e53796e74617822530a09456e756d56616c7565120c0a046e616d6518"
+      "0120012809120e0a066e756d62657218022001280512280a076f7074696f"
+      "6e7318032003280b32172e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e4f7074"
+      "696f6e223b0a064f7074696f6e120c0a046e616d6518012001280912230a"
+      "0576616c756518022001280b32142e676f6f676c652e70726f746f627566"
+      "2e416e792a2e0a0653796e74617812110a0d53594e5441585f50524f544f"
+      "32100012110a0d53594e5441585f50524f544f331001427d0a13636f6d2e"
+      "676f6f676c652e70726f746f62756642095479706550726f746f50015a2f"
+      "676f6f676c652e676f6c616e672e6f72672f67656e70726f746f2f70726f"
+      "746f6275662f70747970653b7074797065f80101a20203475042aa021e47"
+      "6f6f676c652e50726f746f6275662e57656c6c4b6e6f776e547970657362"
+      "0670726f746f33";
+  char* binary;
+  int binary_len;
+  hex_to_binary(generated_file, &binary, &binary_len);
+  internal_add_generated_file(binary, binary_len,
+                              generated_pool, true TSRMLS_CC);
+  FREE(binary);
+  is_inited_file_type = true;
+}
+
+static void init_file_wrappers(TSRMLS_D) {
+  if (is_inited_file_wrappers) return;
+  init_generated_pool_once(TSRMLS_C);
+  const char* generated_file =
+      "0abf030a1e676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f77726170706572732e"
+      "70726f746f120f676f6f676c652e70726f746f627566221c0a0b446f7562"
+      "6c6556616c7565120d0a0576616c7565180120012801221b0a0a466c6f61"
+      "7456616c7565120d0a0576616c7565180120012802221b0a0a496e743634"
+      "56616c7565120d0a0576616c7565180120012803221c0a0b55496e743634"
+      "56616c7565120d0a0576616c7565180120012804221b0a0a496e74333256"
+      "616c7565120d0a0576616c7565180120012805221c0a0b55496e74333256"
+      "616c7565120d0a0576616c756518012001280d221a0a09426f6f6c56616c"
+      "7565120d0a0576616c7565180120012808221c0a0b537472696e6756616c"
+      "7565120d0a0576616c7565180120012809221b0a0a427974657356616c75"
+      "65120d0a0576616c756518012001280c427c0a13636f6d2e676f6f676c65"
+      "2e70726f746f627566420d577261707065727350726f746f50015a2a6769"
+      "746875622e636f6d2f676f6c616e672f70726f746f6275662f7074797065"
+      "732f7772617070657273f80101a20203475042aa021e476f6f676c652e50"
+      "726f746f6275662e57656c6c4b6e6f776e5479706573620670726f746f33";
+  char* binary;
+  int binary_len;
+  hex_to_binary(generated_file, &binary, &binary_len);
+  internal_add_generated_file(binary, binary_len,
+                              generated_pool, true TSRMLS_CC);
+  FREE(binary);
+  is_inited_file_wrappers = true;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define enum
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Field_Cardinality
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static zend_function_entry field_cardinality_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Field_Cardinality, name, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field_Cardinality, value, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* field_cardinality_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_ENUMCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Field\\Cardinality",
+                                Field_Cardinality, field_cardinality)
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_cardinality_type,
+                                   "CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN", 19, 0 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_cardinality_type,
+                                   "CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL", 20, 1 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_cardinality_type,
+                                   "CARDINALITY_REQUIRED", 20, 2 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_cardinality_type,
+                                   "CARDINALITY_REPEATED", 20, 3 TSRMLS_CC);
+  const char *alias = "Google\\Protobuf\\Field_Cardinality";
+#if PHP_VERSION_ID < 70300
+  zend_register_class_alias_ex(alias, strlen(alias), field_cardinality_type TSRMLS_CC);
+#else
+  zend_register_class_alias_ex(alias, strlen(alias), field_cardinality_type, 1);
+#endif
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_ENUMCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Field_Cardinality, name) {
+  PHP_PROTO_LONG value;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &value) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  switch (value) {
+    case 0:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN", 1);
+    case 1:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL", 1);
+    case 2:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("CARDINALITY_REQUIRED", 1);
+    case 3:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("CARDINALITY_REPEATED", 1);
+    default:
+      zend_throw_exception_ex(
+          NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+          "Enum Google\\Protobuf\\Field_Cardinality has no name "
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+          "defined for value %d.",
+#else
+          "defined for value " ZEND_LONG_FMT ".",
+#endif
+          value);
+  }
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Field_Cardinality, value) {
+  char *name = NULL;
+  PHP_PROTO_SIZE name_len;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &name, &name_len) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strncmp(name, "CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(0);
+  if (strncmp(name, "CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(1);
+  if (strncmp(name, "CARDINALITY_REQUIRED", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(2);
+  if (strncmp(name, "CARDINALITY_REPEATED", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(3);
+
+  zend_throw_exception_ex(
+      NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+      "Enum Google\\Protobuf\\Field_Cardinality has no value "
+      "defined for name %s.",
+      name);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Field_Kind
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static zend_function_entry field_kind_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Field_Kind, name, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field_Kind, value, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* field_kind_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_ENUMCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Field\\Kind",
+                                Field_Kind, field_kind)
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_UNKNOWN", 12, 0 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_DOUBLE", 11, 1 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_FLOAT", 10, 2 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_INT64", 10, 3 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_UINT64", 11, 4 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_INT32", 10, 5 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_FIXED64", 12, 6 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_FIXED32", 12, 7 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_BOOL", 9, 8 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_STRING", 11, 9 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_GROUP", 10, 10 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_MESSAGE", 12, 11 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_BYTES", 10, 12 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_UINT32", 11, 13 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_ENUM", 9, 14 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_SFIXED32", 13, 15 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_SFIXED64", 13, 16 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_SINT32", 11, 17 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(field_kind_type,
+                                   "TYPE_SINT64", 11, 18 TSRMLS_CC);
+  const char *alias = "Google\\Protobuf\\Field_Kind";
+#if PHP_VERSION_ID < 70300
+  zend_register_class_alias_ex(alias, strlen(alias), field_kind_type TSRMLS_CC);
+#else
+  zend_register_class_alias_ex(alias, strlen(alias), field_kind_type, 1);
+#endif
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_ENUMCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Field_Kind, name) {
+  PHP_PROTO_LONG value;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &value) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  switch (value) {
+    case 0:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_UNKNOWN", 1);
+    case 1:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_DOUBLE", 1);
+    case 2:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_FLOAT", 1);
+    case 3:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_INT64", 1);
+    case 4:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_UINT64", 1);
+    case 5:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_INT32", 1);
+    case 6:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_FIXED64", 1);
+    case 7:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_FIXED32", 1);
+    case 8:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_BOOL", 1);
+    case 9:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_STRING", 1);
+    case 10:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_GROUP", 1);
+    case 11:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_MESSAGE", 1);
+    case 12:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_BYTES", 1);
+    case 13:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_UINT32", 1);
+    case 14:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_ENUM", 1);
+    case 15:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_SFIXED32", 1);
+    case 16:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_SFIXED64", 1);
+    case 17:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_SINT32", 1);
+    case 18:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("TYPE_SINT64", 1);
+    default:
+      zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+                              "Enum Google\\Protobuf\\Field_Kind has no name "
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+                              "defined for value %d.",
+#else
+                              "defined for value " ZEND_LONG_FMT ".",
+#endif
+                              value);
+  }
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Field_Kind, value) {
+  char *name = NULL;
+  PHP_PROTO_SIZE name_len;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &name, &name_len) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_UNKNOWN", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(0);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_DOUBLE", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(1);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_FLOAT", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(2);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_INT64", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(3);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_UINT64", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(4);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_INT32", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(5);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_FIXED64", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(6);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_FIXED32", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(7);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_BOOL", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(8);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_STRING", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(9);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_GROUP", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(10);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_MESSAGE", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(11);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_BYTES", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(12);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_UINT32", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(13);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_ENUM", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(14);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_SFIXED32", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(15);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_SFIXED64", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(16);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_SINT32", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(17);
+  if (strncmp(name, "TYPE_SINT64", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(18);
+
+  zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+                          "Enum Google\\Protobuf\\Field_Kind has no value "
+                          "defined for name %s.",
+                          name);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// NullValue
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static zend_function_entry null_value_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(NullValue, name, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(NullValue, value, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* null_value_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_ENUMCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\NullValue",
+                                NullValue, null_value)
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(null_value_type,
+                                   "NULL_VALUE", 10, 0 TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_ENUMCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(NullValue, name) {
+  PHP_PROTO_LONG value;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &value) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  switch (value) {
+    case 0:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("NULL_VALUE", 1);
+    default:
+      zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+                              "Enum Google\\Protobuf\\NullValue has no name "
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+                              "defined for value %d.",
+#else
+                              "defined for value " ZEND_LONG_FMT ".",
+#endif
+                              value);
+  }
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(NullValue, value) {
+  char *name = NULL;
+  PHP_PROTO_SIZE name_len;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &name, &name_len) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strncmp(name, "NULL_VALUE", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(0);
+
+  zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+                          "Enum Google\\Protobuf\\NullValue has no value "
+                          "defined for name %s.",
+                          name);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Syntax
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static zend_function_entry syntax_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Syntax, name, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Syntax, value, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* syntax_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_ENUMCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Syntax",
+                                Syntax, syntax)
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(syntax_type,
+                                   "SYNTAX_PROTO2", 13, 0 TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_class_constant_long(syntax_type,
+                                   "SYNTAX_PROTO3", 13, 1 TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_ENUMCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Syntax, name) {
+  PHP_PROTO_LONG value;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &value) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  switch (value) {
+    case 0:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("SYNTAX_PROTO2", 1);
+    case 1:
+      PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING("SYNTAX_PROTO3", 1);
+    default:
+      zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+                              "Enum Google\\Protobuf\\Syntax has no name "
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+                              "defined for value %d.",
+#else
+                              "defined for value " ZEND_LONG_FMT ".",
+#endif
+                              value);
+  }
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Syntax, value) {
+  char *name = NULL;
+  PHP_PROTO_SIZE name_len;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &name, &name_len) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (strncmp(name, "SYNTAX_PROTO2", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(0);
+  if (strncmp(name, "SYNTAX_PROTO3", name_len) == 0) RETURN_LONG(1);
+
+  zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+                          "Enum Google\\Protobuf\\Syntax has no value "
+                          "defined for name %s.",
+                          name);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define message
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Any
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry any_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Any, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Any, getTypeUrl, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Any, setTypeUrl, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Any, getValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Any, setValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Any, pack,     NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Any, unpack,   NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Any, is,       NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* any_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Any", Any, any)
+  zend_declare_property_string(any_type, "type_url", strlen("type_url"),
+                               "" ,ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_string(any_type, "value", strlen("value"),
+                               "" ,ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+static void hex_to_binary(const char* hex, char** binary, int* binary_len) {
+  int i;
+  int hex_len = strlen(hex);
+  *binary_len = hex_len / 2;
+  *binary = ALLOC_N(char, *binary_len);
+  for (i = 0; i < *binary_len; i++) {
+    char value = 0;
+    if (hex[i * 2] >= '0' && hex[i * 2] <= '9') {
+      value += (hex[i * 2] - '0') * 16;
+    } else {
+      value += (hex[i * 2] - 'a' + 10) * 16;
+    }
+    if (hex[i * 2 + 1] >= '0' && hex[i * 2 + 1] <= '9') {
+      value += hex[i * 2 + 1] - '0';
+    } else {
+      value += hex[i * 2 + 1] - 'a' + 10;
+    }
+    (*binary)[i] = value;
+  }
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Any, __construct) {
+  init_file_any(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Any, any, TypeUrl, "type_url")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Any, any, Value,   "value")
+
+PHP_METHOD(Any, unpack) {
+  // Get type url.
+  zval type_url_member;
+  PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&type_url_member, "type_url", 1);
+  PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_BEGIN(any_type);
+  zval* type_url_php = php_proto_message_read_property(
+      getThis(), &type_url_member PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+  zval_dtor(&type_url_member);
+  PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_END;
+
+  // Get fully-qualified name from type url.
+  size_t url_prefix_len = strlen(TYPE_URL_PREFIX);
+  const char* type_url = Z_STRVAL_P(type_url_php);
+  size_t type_url_len = Z_STRLEN_P(type_url_php);
+
+  if (url_prefix_len > type_url_len ||
+      strncmp(TYPE_URL_PREFIX, type_url, url_prefix_len) != 0) {
+    zend_throw_exception(
+        NULL, "Type url needs to be type.googleapis.com/fully-qualified",
+        0 TSRMLS_CC);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const char* fully_qualified_name = type_url + url_prefix_len;
+  DescriptorInternal* desc = get_proto_desc(fully_qualified_name);
+  if (desc == NULL) {
+    zend_throw_exception(
+        NULL, "Specified message in any hasn't been added to descriptor pool",
+        0 TSRMLS_CC);
+    return;
+  }
+  register_class(desc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_class_entry* klass = desc->klass;
+  ZVAL_OBJ(return_value, klass->create_object(klass TSRMLS_CC));
+  MessageHeader* msg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, return_value);
+  custom_data_init(klass, msg PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+
+  // Get value.
+  zval value_member;
+  PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&value_member, "value", 1);
+  PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_RESTART(any_type);
+  zval* value = php_proto_message_read_property(
+      getThis(), &value_member PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+  zval_dtor(&value_member);
+  PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_END;
+
+  merge_from_string(Z_STRVAL_P(value), Z_STRLEN_P(value), desc, msg);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Any, pack) {
+  zval* val;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "o", &val) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!instanceof_function(Z_OBJCE_P(val), message_type TSRMLS_CC)) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given value is not an instance of Message.");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Set value by serialized data.
+  zval data;
+  serialize_to_string(val, &data TSRMLS_CC);
+
+  zval member;
+  PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&member, "value", 1);
+
+  PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_BEGIN(any_type);
+  message_handlers->write_property(getThis(), &member, &data,
+                                   NULL PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+  zval_dtor(&data);
+  zval_dtor(&member);
+  PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_END;
+
+  // Set type url.
+  DescriptorInternal* desc = get_ce_desc(Z_OBJCE_P(val));
+  const char* fully_qualified_name = upb_msgdef_fullname(desc->msgdef);
+  size_t type_url_len =
+      strlen(TYPE_URL_PREFIX) + strlen(fully_qualified_name) + 1;
+  char* type_url = ALLOC_N(char, type_url_len);
+  sprintf(type_url, "%s%s", TYPE_URL_PREFIX, fully_qualified_name);
+  zval type_url_php;
+  PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&type_url_php, type_url, 1);
+  PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&member, "type_url", 1);
+
+  PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_RESTART(any_type);
+  message_handlers->write_property(getThis(), &member, &type_url_php,
+                                   NULL PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+  zval_dtor(&type_url_php);
+  zval_dtor(&member);
+  PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_END;
+  FREE(type_url);
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Any, is) {
+  zend_class_entry *klass = NULL;
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "C", &klass) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  DescriptorInternal* desc = get_ce_desc(klass);
+  if (desc == NULL) {
+    RETURN_BOOL(false);
+  }
+
+  // Create corresponded type url.
+  const char* fully_qualified_name = upb_msgdef_fullname(desc->msgdef);
+  size_t type_url_len =
+      strlen(TYPE_URL_PREFIX) + strlen(fully_qualified_name) + 1;
+  char* type_url = ALLOC_N(char, type_url_len);
+  sprintf(type_url, "%s%s", TYPE_URL_PREFIX, fully_qualified_name);
+
+  // Fetch stored type url.
+  zval member;
+  PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&member, "type_url", 1);
+  PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_BEGIN(any_type);
+  zval* value =
+      php_proto_message_read_property(getThis(), &member PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+  zval_dtor(&member);
+  PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_END;
+
+  // Compare two type url.
+  bool is = strcmp(type_url, Z_STRVAL_P(value)) == 0;
+  FREE(type_url);
+
+  RETURN_BOOL(is);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Duration
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry duration_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Duration, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Duration, getSeconds, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Duration, setSeconds, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Duration, getNanos, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Duration, setNanos, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* duration_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Duration",
+                                 Duration, duration)
+  zend_declare_property_long(duration_type, "seconds", strlen("seconds"),
+                             0 ,ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_long(duration_type, "nanos", strlen("nanos"),
+                             0 ,ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Duration, __construct) {
+  init_file_duration(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Duration, duration, Seconds, "seconds")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Duration, duration, Nanos,   "nanos")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Timestamp
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry timestamp_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Timestamp, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Timestamp, fromDateTime, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Timestamp, toDateTime, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Timestamp, getSeconds, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Timestamp, setSeconds, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Timestamp, getNanos, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Timestamp, setNanos, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* timestamp_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Timestamp",
+                                 Timestamp, timestamp)
+  zend_declare_property_long(timestamp_type, "seconds", strlen("seconds"),
+                             0 ,ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_long(timestamp_type, "nanos", strlen("nanos"),
+                             0 ,ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Timestamp, __construct) {
+  init_file_timestamp(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Timestamp, timestamp, Seconds, "seconds")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Timestamp, timestamp, Nanos,   "nanos")
+
+PHP_METHOD(Timestamp, fromDateTime) {
+  zval* datetime;
+
+  PHP_PROTO_CE_DECLARE date_interface_ce;
+  if (php_proto_zend_lookup_class("\\DatetimeInterface", 18,
+                                  &date_interface_ce) == FAILURE) {
+    zend_error(E_ERROR, "Make sure date extension is enabled.");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "O", &datetime,
+                            PHP_PROTO_CE_UNREF(date_interface_ce)) == FAILURE) {
+    zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Expect DatetimeInterface.");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  int64_t timestamp_seconds;
+  {
+    zval retval;
+    zval function_name;
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    INIT_ZVAL(retval);
+    INIT_ZVAL(function_name);
+#endif
+
+    PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&function_name, "date_timestamp_get", 1);
+
+    if (call_user_function(EG(function_table), NULL, &function_name, &retval, 1,
+            ZVAL_PTR_TO_CACHED_PTR(datetime) TSRMLS_CC) == FAILURE) {
+      zend_error(E_ERROR, "Cannot get timestamp from DateTime.");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    protobuf_convert_to_int64(&retval, &timestamp_seconds);
+
+    zval_dtor(&retval);
+    zval_dtor(&function_name);
+  }
+
+  int64_t timestamp_micros;
+  {
+    zval retval;
+    zval function_name;
+    zval format_string;
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    INIT_ZVAL(retval);
+    INIT_ZVAL(function_name);
+    INIT_ZVAL(format_string);
+#endif
+
+    PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&function_name, "date_format", 1);
+    PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&format_string, "u", 1);
+
+    CACHED_VALUE params[2] = {
+      ZVAL_PTR_TO_CACHED_VALUE(datetime),
+      ZVAL_TO_CACHED_VALUE(format_string),
+    };
+
+    if (call_user_function(EG(function_table), NULL, &function_name, &retval,
+            ARRAY_SIZE(params), params TSRMLS_CC) == FAILURE) {
+      zend_error(E_ERROR, "Cannot format DateTime.");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    protobuf_convert_to_int64(&retval, &timestamp_micros);
+
+    zval_dtor(&retval);
+    zval_dtor(&function_name);
+    zval_dtor(&format_string);
+  }
+
+  // Set seconds
+  MessageHeader* self = UNBOX(MessageHeader, getThis());
+  const upb_fielddef* field =
+      upb_msgdef_ntofz(self->descriptor->msgdef, "seconds");
+  void* storage = message_data(self);
+  void* memory = slot_memory(self->descriptor->layout, storage, field);
+  *(int64_t*)memory = timestamp_seconds;
+
+  // Set nanos
+  field = upb_msgdef_ntofz(self->descriptor->msgdef, "nanos");
+  storage = message_data(self);
+  memory = slot_memory(self->descriptor->layout, storage, field);
+  *(int32_t*)memory = timestamp_micros * 1000;
+
+  RETURN_NULL();
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Timestamp, toDateTime) {
+  // Get seconds
+  MessageHeader* self = UNBOX(MessageHeader, getThis());
+  const upb_fielddef* field =
+      upb_msgdef_ntofz(self->descriptor->msgdef, "seconds");
+  void* storage = message_data(self);
+  void* memory = slot_memory(self->descriptor->layout, storage, field);
+  int64_t seconds = *(int64_t*)memory;
+
+  // Get nanos
+  field = upb_msgdef_ntofz(self->descriptor->msgdef, "nanos");
+  memory = slot_memory(self->descriptor->layout, storage, field);
+  int32_t nanos = *(int32_t*)memory;
+
+  // Get formatted time string.
+  char formatted_time[32];
+  snprintf(formatted_time, sizeof(formatted_time), "%" PRId64 ".%06" PRId32,
+           seconds, nanos / 1000);
+
+  // Create Datetime object.
+  zval datetime;
+  zval function_name;
+  zval format_string;
+  zval formatted_time_php;
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  INIT_ZVAL(function_name);
+  INIT_ZVAL(format_string);
+  INIT_ZVAL(formatted_time_php);
+#endif
+
+  PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&function_name, "date_create_from_format", 1);
+  PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&format_string, "U.u", 1);
+  PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(&formatted_time_php, formatted_time, 1);
+
+  CACHED_VALUE params[2] = {
+    ZVAL_TO_CACHED_VALUE(format_string),
+    ZVAL_TO_CACHED_VALUE(formatted_time_php),
+  };
+
+  if (call_user_function(EG(function_table), NULL, &function_name, &datetime,
+          ARRAY_SIZE(params), params TSRMLS_CC) == FAILURE) {
+    zend_error(E_ERROR, "Cannot create DateTime.");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  zval_dtor(&function_name);
+  zval_dtor(&format_string);
+  zval_dtor(&formatted_time_php);
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  zval* datetime_ptr = &datetime;
+  PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_ZVAL(datetime_ptr);
+#else
+  ZVAL_OBJ(return_value, Z_OBJ(datetime));
+#endif
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Api
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry api_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Api, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Api, getName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Api, setName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Api, getMethods, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Api, setMethods, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Api, getOptions, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Api, setOptions, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Api, getVersion, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Api, setVersion, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Api, getSourceContext, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Api, setSourceContext, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Api, getMixins, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Api, setMixins, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Api, getSyntax, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Api, setSyntax, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* api_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Api",
+                                 Api, api)
+  zend_declare_property_string(api_type, "name", strlen("name"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_null(api_type, "methods", strlen("methods"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_null(api_type, "options", strlen("options"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_string(api_type, "version", strlen("version"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_null(api_type, "source_context", strlen("source_context"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_null(api_type, "mixins", strlen("mixins"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_long(api_type, "syntax", strlen("syntax"), 0,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Api, __construct) {
+  init_file_api(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Api, api, Name, "name")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Api, api, Methods, "methods")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Api, api, Options, "options")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Api, api, Version, "version")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Api, api, SourceContext, "source_context")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Api, api, Mixins, "mixins")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Api, api, Syntax, "syntax")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BoolValue
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry bool_value_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(BoolValue, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(BoolValue, getValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(BoolValue, setValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* bool_value_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\BoolValue",
+                                 BoolValue, bool_value)
+  zend_declare_property_bool(bool_value_type, "value", strlen("value"), 0,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(BoolValue, __construct) {
+  init_file_wrappers(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(BoolValue, bool_value, Value, "value")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BytesValue
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry bytes_value_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(BytesValue, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(BytesValue, getValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(BytesValue, setValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* bytes_value_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\BytesValue",
+                                 BytesValue, bytes_value)
+  zend_declare_property_string(bytes_value_type, "value", strlen("value"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(BytesValue, __construct) {
+  init_file_wrappers(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(BytesValue, bytes_value, Value, "value")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// DoubleValue
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry double_value_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(DoubleValue, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(DoubleValue, getValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(DoubleValue, setValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* double_value_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\DoubleValue",
+                                 DoubleValue, double_value)
+  zend_declare_property_double(double_value_type, "value", strlen("value"), 0,
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(DoubleValue, __construct) {
+  init_file_wrappers(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(DoubleValue, double_value, Value, "value")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Enum
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry enum_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Enum, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Enum, getName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Enum, setName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Enum, getEnumvalue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Enum, setEnumvalue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Enum, getOptions, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Enum, setOptions, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Enum, getSourceContext, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Enum, setSourceContext, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Enum, getSyntax, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Enum, setSyntax, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* enum_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Enum",
+                                 Enum, enum)
+  zend_declare_property_string(enum_type, "name", strlen("name"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_null(enum_type, "enumvalue", strlen("enumvalue"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_null(enum_type, "options", strlen("options"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_null(enum_type, "source_context", strlen("source_context"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_long(enum_type, "syntax", strlen("syntax"), 0,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Enum, __construct) {
+  init_file_type(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Enum, enum, Name, "name")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Enum, enum, Enumvalue, "enumvalue")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Enum, enum, Options, "options")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Enum, enum, SourceContext, "source_context")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Enum, enum, Syntax, "syntax")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// EnumValue
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry enum_value_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(EnumValue, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(EnumValue, getName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(EnumValue, setName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(EnumValue, getNumber, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(EnumValue, setNumber, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(EnumValue, getOptions, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(EnumValue, setOptions, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* enum_value_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\EnumValue",
+                                 EnumValue, enum_value)
+  zend_declare_property_string(enum_value_type, "name", strlen("name"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_long(enum_value_type, "number", strlen("number"), 0,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_null(enum_value_type, "options", strlen("options"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(EnumValue, __construct) {
+  init_file_type(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(EnumValue, enum_value, Name, "name")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(EnumValue, enum_value, Number, "number")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(EnumValue, enum_value, Options, "options")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FieldMask
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry field_mask_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(FieldMask, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(FieldMask, getPaths, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(FieldMask, setPaths, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* field_mask_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\FieldMask",
+                                 FieldMask, field_mask)
+  zend_declare_property_null(field_mask_type, "paths", strlen("paths"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(FieldMask, __construct) {
+  init_file_field_mask(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(FieldMask, field_mask, Paths, "paths")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Field
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry field_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Field, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, getKind, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, setKind, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, getCardinality, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, setCardinality, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, getNumber, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, setNumber, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, getName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, setName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, getTypeUrl, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, setTypeUrl, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, getOneofIndex, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, setOneofIndex, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, getPacked, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, setPacked, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, getOptions, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, setOptions, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, getJsonName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, setJsonName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, getDefaultValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Field, setDefaultValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* field_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Field",
+                                 Field, field)
+  zend_declare_property_long(field_type, "kind", strlen("kind"), 0,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_long(field_type, "cardinality", strlen("cardinality"),
+                             0, ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_long(field_type, "number", strlen("number"), 0,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_string(field_type, "name", strlen("name"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_string(field_type, "type_url", strlen("type_url"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_long(field_type, "oneof_index", strlen("oneof_index"),
+                             0, ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_bool(field_type, "packed", strlen("packed"), false,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_null(field_type, "options", strlen("options"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_string(field_type, "json_name", strlen("json_name"),
+                               "", ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_string(field_type, "default_value",
+                               strlen("default_value"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Field, __construct) {
+  init_file_type(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Field, field, Kind, "kind")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Field, field, Cardinality, "cardinality")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Field, field, Number, "number")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Field, field, Name, "name")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Field, field, TypeUrl, "type_url")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Field, field, OneofIndex, "oneof_index")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Field, field, Packed, "packed")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Field, field, Options, "options")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Field, field, JsonName, "json_name")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Field, field, DefaultValue, "default_value")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FloatValue
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry float_value_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(FloatValue, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(FloatValue, getValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(FloatValue, setValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* float_value_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\FloatValue",
+                                 FloatValue, float_value)
+  zend_declare_property_double(float_value_type, "value", strlen("value"), 0,
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(FloatValue, __construct) {
+  init_file_wrappers(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(FloatValue, float_value, Value, "value")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// GPBEmpty
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry empty_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(GPBEmpty, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* empty_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\GPBEmpty",
+                                 GPBEmpty, empty)
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(GPBEmpty, __construct) {
+  init_file_empty(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Int32Value
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry int32_value_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Int32Value, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Int32Value, getValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Int32Value, setValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* int32_value_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Int32Value",
+                                 Int32Value, int32_value)
+  zend_declare_property_long(int32_value_type, "value", strlen("value"), 0,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Int32Value, __construct) {
+  init_file_wrappers(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Int32Value, int32_value, Value, "value")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Int64Value
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry int64_value_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Int64Value, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Int64Value, getValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Int64Value, setValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* int64_value_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Int64Value",
+                                 Int64Value, int64_value)
+  zend_declare_property_long(int64_value_type, "value", strlen("value"), 0,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Int64Value, __construct) {
+  init_file_wrappers(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Int64Value, int64_value, Value, "value")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ListValue
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry list_value_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(ListValue, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(ListValue, getValues, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(ListValue, setValues, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* list_value_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\ListValue",
+                                 ListValue, list_value)
+  zend_declare_property_null(list_value_type, "values", strlen("values"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(ListValue, __construct) {
+  init_file_struct(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(ListValue, list_value, Values, "values")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Method
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry method_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Method, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Method, getName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Method, setName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Method, getRequestTypeUrl, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Method, setRequestTypeUrl, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Method, getRequestStreaming, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Method, setRequestStreaming, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Method, getResponseTypeUrl, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Method, setResponseTypeUrl, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Method, getResponseStreaming, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Method, setResponseStreaming, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Method, getOptions, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Method, setOptions, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Method, getSyntax, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Method, setSyntax, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* method_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Method",
+                                 Method, method)
+  zend_declare_property_string(method_type, "name", strlen("name"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_string(method_type, "request_type_url",
+                               strlen("request_type_url"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_bool(method_type, "request_streaming",
+                             strlen("request_streaming"), 0,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_string(method_type, "response_type_url",
+                               strlen("response_type_url"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_bool(method_type, "response_streaming",
+                             strlen("response_streaming"), 0,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_null(method_type, "options", strlen("options"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_long(method_type, "syntax", strlen("syntax"), 0,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Method, __construct) {
+  init_file_api(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Method, method, Name, "name")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Method, method, RequestTypeUrl, "request_type_url")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Method, method, RequestStreaming, "request_streaming")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Method, method, ResponseTypeUrl, "response_type_url")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Method, method, ResponseStreaming, "response_streaming")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Method, method, Options, "options")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Method, method, Syntax, "syntax")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Mixin
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry mixin_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Mixin, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Mixin, getName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Mixin, setName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Mixin, getRoot, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Mixin, setRoot, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* mixin_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Mixin",
+                                 Mixin, mixin)
+  zend_declare_property_string(mixin_type, "name", strlen("name"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_string(mixin_type, "root", strlen("root"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Mixin, __construct) {
+  init_file_api(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Mixin, mixin, Name, "name")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Mixin, mixin, Root, "root")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Option
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry option_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Option, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Option, getName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Option, setName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Option, getValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Option, setValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* option_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Option",
+                                 Option, option)
+  zend_declare_property_string(option_type, "name", strlen("name"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_null(option_type, "value", strlen("value"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Option, __construct) {
+  init_file_type(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Option, option, Name, "name")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Option, option, Value, "value")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SourceContext
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry source_context_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(SourceContext, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(SourceContext, getFileName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(SourceContext, setFileName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* source_context_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\SourceContext",
+                                 SourceContext, source_context)
+  zend_declare_property_string(source_context_type, "file_name",
+                               strlen("file_name"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(SourceContext, __construct) {
+  init_file_source_context(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(SourceContext, source_context, FileName, "file_name")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// StringValue
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry string_value_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(StringValue, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(StringValue, getValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(StringValue, setValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* string_value_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\StringValue",
+                                 StringValue, string_value)
+  zend_declare_property_string(string_value_type, "value", strlen("value"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(StringValue, __construct) {
+  init_file_wrappers(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(StringValue, string_value, Value, "value")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Struct
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry struct_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Struct, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Struct, getFields, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Struct, setFields, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* struct_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Struct",
+                                 Struct, struct)
+  zend_declare_property_null(struct_type, "fields", strlen("fields"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Struct, __construct) {
+  init_file_struct(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Struct, struct, Fields, "fields")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Type
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry type_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Type, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Type, getName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Type, setName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Type, getFields, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Type, setFields, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Type, getOneofs, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Type, setOneofs, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Type, getOptions, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Type, setOptions, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Type, getSourceContext, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Type, setSourceContext, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Type, getSyntax, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Type, setSyntax, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* type_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Type",
+                                 Type, type)
+  zend_declare_property_string(type_type, "name", strlen("name"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_null(type_type, "fields", strlen("fields"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_string(type_type, "oneofs", strlen("oneofs"), "",
+                               ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_null(type_type, "options", strlen("options"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_null(type_type, "source_context", strlen("source_context"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+  zend_declare_property_long(type_type, "syntax", strlen("syntax"), 0,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Type, __construct) {
+  init_file_type(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Type, type, Name, "name")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Type, type, Fields, "fields")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Type, type, Oneofs, "oneofs")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Type, type, Options, "options")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Type, type, SourceContext, "source_context")
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Type, type, Syntax, "syntax")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// UInt32Value
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry u_int32_value_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(UInt32Value, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(UInt32Value, getValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(UInt32Value, setValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* u_int32_value_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\UInt32Value",
+                                 UInt32Value, u_int32_value)
+  zend_declare_property_long(u_int32_value_type, "value", strlen("value"), 0,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(UInt32Value, __construct) {
+  init_file_wrappers(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(UInt32Value, u_int32_value, Value, "value")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// UInt64Value
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static  zend_function_entry u_int64_value_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(UInt64Value, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(UInt64Value, getValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(UInt64Value, setValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* u_int64_value_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\UInt64Value",
+                                 UInt64Value, u_int64_value)
+  zend_declare_property_long(u_int64_value_type, "value", strlen("value"), 0,
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(UInt64Value, __construct) {
+  init_file_wrappers(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_FIELD_ACCESSORS(UInt64Value, u_int64_value, Value, "value")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Value
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static zend_function_entry value_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Value, __construct, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Value, getNullValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Value, setNullValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Value, getNumberValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Value, setNumberValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Value, getStringValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Value, setStringValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Value, getBoolValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Value, setBoolValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Value, getStructValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Value, setStructValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Value, getListValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Value, setListValue, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  PHP_ME(Value, getKind, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
+  {NULL, NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+zend_class_entry* value_type;
+
+// Init class entry.
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START("Google\\Protobuf\\Value",
+                                 Value, value)
+  zend_declare_property_null(value_type, "kind", strlen("kind"),
+                             ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
+PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Value, __construct) {
+  init_file_struct(TSRMLS_C);
+  INIT_MESSAGE_WITH_ARRAY;
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_ONEOF_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Value, value, NullValue, "null_value")
+PHP_PROTO_ONEOF_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Value, value, NumberValue, "number_value")
+PHP_PROTO_ONEOF_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Value, value, StringValue, "string_value")
+PHP_PROTO_ONEOF_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Value, value, BoolValue, "bool_value")
+PHP_PROTO_ONEOF_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Value, value, StructValue, "struct_value")
+PHP_PROTO_ONEOF_FIELD_ACCESSORS(Value, value, ListValue, "list_value")
+PHP_PROTO_ONEOF_ACCESSORS(Value, value, Kind, "kind")
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// GPBMetadata files for well known types
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define DEFINE_GPBMETADATA_FILE(LOWERNAME, CAMELNAME, CLASSNAME)      \
+  zend_class_entry* gpb_metadata_##LOWERNAME##_type;                  \
+  static zend_function_entry gpb_metadata_##LOWERNAME##_methods[] = { \
+    PHP_ME(GPBMetadata_##CAMELNAME, initOnce, NULL,                   \
+           ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC | ZEND_ACC_STATIC)                         \
+    ZEND_FE_END                                                       \
+  };                                                                  \
+  void gpb_metadata_##LOWERNAME##_init(TSRMLS_D) {                    \
+    zend_class_entry class_type;                                      \
+    INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(class_type, CLASSNAME,                           \
+                     gpb_metadata_##LOWERNAME##_methods);             \
+    gpb_metadata_##LOWERNAME##_type =                                 \
+        zend_register_internal_class(&class_type TSRMLS_CC);          \
+  }                                                                   \
+  PHP_METHOD(GPBMetadata_##CAMELNAME, initOnce) {                     \
+    init_file_##LOWERNAME(TSRMLS_C);                                  \
+  }
+
+DEFINE_GPBMETADATA_FILE(any, Any, "GPBMetadata\\Google\\Protobuf\\Any");
+DEFINE_GPBMETADATA_FILE(api, Api, "GPBMetadata\\Google\\Protobuf\\Api");
+DEFINE_GPBMETADATA_FILE(duration, Duration,
+                        "GPBMetadata\\Google\\Protobuf\\Duration");
+DEFINE_GPBMETADATA_FILE(field_mask, FieldMask,
+                        "GPBMetadata\\Google\\Protobuf\\FieldMask");
+DEFINE_GPBMETADATA_FILE(empty, Empty,
+                        "GPBMetadata\\Google\\Protobuf\\GPBEmpty");
+DEFINE_GPBMETADATA_FILE(source_context, SourceContext,
+                        "GPBMetadata\\Google\\Protobuf\\SourceContext");
+DEFINE_GPBMETADATA_FILE(struct, Struct,
+                        "GPBMetadata\\Google\\Protobuf\\Struct");
+DEFINE_GPBMETADATA_FILE(timestamp, Timestamp,
+                        "GPBMetadata\\Google\\Protobuf\\Timestamp");
+DEFINE_GPBMETADATA_FILE(type, Type, "GPBMetadata\\Google\\Protobuf\\Type");
+DEFINE_GPBMETADATA_FILE(wrappers, Wrappers,
+                        "GPBMetadata\\Google\\Protobuf\\Wrappers");
+
+#undef DEFINE_GPBMETADATA_FILE
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/package.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/package.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5cb2b4648
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/package.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,533 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<package packagerversion="1.9.5" version="2.0" xmlns="http://pear.php.net/dtd/package-2.0" xmlns:tasks="http://pear.php.net/dtd/tasks-1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://pear.php.net/dtd/tasks-1.0 http://pear.php.net/dtd/tasks-1.0.xsd http://pear.php.net/dtd/package-2.0 http://pear.php.net/dtd/package-2.0.xsd">
+ <name>protobuf</name>
+ <channel>pecl.php.net</channel>
+ <summary>Google's language-neutral, platform-neutral, extensible mechanism for serializing structured data.</summary>
+ <description>https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/</description>
+ <lead>
+  <name>Bo Yang</name>
+  <user>stanleycheung</user>
+  <email>protobuf-opensource@google.com</email>
+  <active>yes</active>
+ </lead>
+ <date>2020-02-12</date>
+ <time>12:46:57</time>
+ <version>
+  <release>3.11.4</release>
+  <api>3.11.4</api>
+ </version>
+ <stability>
+  <release>stable</release>
+  <api>stable</api>
+ </stability>
+ <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+ <notes>GA release.</notes>
+ <contents>
+  <dir baseinstalldir="/" name="/">
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="config.m4" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="array.c" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="builtin_descriptors.inc" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="def.c" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="encode_decode.c" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="map.c" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="message.c" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="protobuf.c" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="protobuf.h" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="storage.c" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="type_check.c" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="upb.c" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="upb.h" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="utf8.c" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="utf8.h" role="src"/>
+    <file baseinstalldir="/" name="LICENSE" role="doc"/>
+  </dir>
+ </contents>
+ <dependencies>
+  <required>
+   <php>
+    <min>5.5.9</min>
+   </php>
+   <pearinstaller>
+    <min>1.4.0</min>
+   </pearinstaller>
+  </required>
+ </dependencies>
+ <providesextension>protobuf</providesextension>
+ <extsrcrelease/>
+ <changelog>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.1.0a1</release>
+    <api>3.1.0a1</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>alpha</release>
+    <api>alpha</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2016-09-23</date>
+   <time>16:06:07</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>
+First alpha release
+   </notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.2.0a1</release>
+    <api>3.2.0a1</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>alpha</release>
+    <api>alpha</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2017-01-13</date>
+   <time>16:06:07</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>
+Second alpha release.
+   </notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.3.0</release>
+    <api>3.3.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2017-04-28</date>
+   <time>16:06:07</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>
+GA release.
+   </notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.3.1</release>
+    <api>3.3.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2017-05-08</date>
+   <time>15:33:07</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>
+GA release.
+   </notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.3.2</release>
+    <api>3.3.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2017-06-21</date>
+   <time>15:33:07</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>
+GA release.
+   </notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.4.0</release>
+    <api>3.4.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2017-08-16</date>
+   <time>15:33:07</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>
+GA release.
+   </notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.4.1</release>
+    <api>3.4.1</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2017-09-14</date>
+   <time>11:02:07</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>
+GA release.
+   </notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.5.0</release>
+    <api>3.5.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2017-11-15</date>
+   <time>11:02:07</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>
+GA release.
+   </notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.5.0.1</release>
+    <api>3.5.0.1</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2017-12-06</date>
+   <time>11:02:07</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>
+GA release.
+   </notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.5.1</release>
+    <api>3.5.1</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2017-12-11</date>
+   <time>11:02:07</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>
+GA release.
+   </notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.5.2</release>
+    <api>3.5.2</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2018-03-06</date>
+   <time>11:02:07</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>
+G  A release.
+   </notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.6.0</release>
+    <api>3.6.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2018-06-06</date>
+   <time>11:02:07</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>
+G  A release.
+   </notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.6.1</release>
+    <api>3.6.1</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2018-08-03</date>
+   <time>11:02:07</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>
+G  A release.
+   </notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.7.0RC2</release>
+    <api>3.7.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-02-1</date>
+   <time>10:22:43</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.7.0RC3</release>
+    <api>3.7.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>beta</release>
+    <api>beta</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-02-22</date>
+   <time>11:31:21</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.7.0</release>
+    <api>3.7.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-02-28</date>
+   <time>10:19:15</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.7.1</release>
+    <api>3.7.1</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-03-25</date>
+   <time>13:23:39</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.8.0RC1</release>
+    <api>3.8.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>beta</release>
+    <api>beta</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-04-23</date>
+   <time>16:14:52</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.8.0</release>
+    <api>3.8.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-05-21</date>
+   <time>14:07:13</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.9.0RC1</release>
+    <api>3.9.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>beta</release>
+    <api>beta</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-06-17</date>
+   <time>09:34:50</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.9.0</release>
+    <api>3.9.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-07-10</date>
+   <time>16:50:08</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.9.1</release>
+    <api>3.9.1</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-08-02</date>
+   <time>15:59:08</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.10.0RC1</release>
+    <api>3.10.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>beta</release>
+    <api>beta</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-09-04</date>
+   <time>13:24:25</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.10.0RC1</release>
+    <api>3.10.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>beta</release>
+    <api>beta</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-09-05</date>
+   <time>10:12:46</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.10.0</release>
+    <api>3.10.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-09-12</date>
+   <time>13:48:02</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.11.0RC1</release>
+    <api>3.11.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>beta</release>
+    <api>beta</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-11-15</date>
+   <time>11:44:18</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.11.0RC2</release>
+    <api>3.11.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>beta</release>
+    <api>beta</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-11-21</date>
+   <time>10:38:49</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.11.0</release>
+    <api>3.11.0</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-11-25</date>
+   <time>11:47:41</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.11.1</release>
+    <api>3.11.1</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-12-02</date>
+   <time>11:09:17</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.11.2</release>
+    <api>3.11.2</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2019-12-10</date>
+   <time>11:22:54</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.11.3</release>
+    <api>3.11.3</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2020-01-28</date>
+   <time>10:20:43</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+  <release>
+   <version>
+    <release>3.11.4</release>
+    <api>3.11.4</api>
+   </version>
+   <stability>
+    <release>stable</release>
+    <api>stable</api>
+   </stability>
+   <date>2020-02-12</date>
+   <time>12:46:57</time>
+   <license uri="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</license>
+   <notes>GA release.</notes>
+  </release>
+ </changelog>
+</package>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9ac93594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,599 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+
+#include <zend_hash.h>
+
+static PHP_GINIT_FUNCTION(protobuf);
+static PHP_GSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(protobuf);
+static PHP_RINIT_FUNCTION(protobuf);
+static PHP_RSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(protobuf);
+static PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(protobuf);
+static PHP_MSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(protobuf);
+
+ZEND_DECLARE_MODULE_GLOBALS(protobuf)
+
+// Global map from upb {msg,enum}defs to wrapper Descriptor/EnumDescriptor
+// instances.
+static HashTable* upb_def_to_php_obj_map;
+static upb_inttable upb_def_to_desc_map_persistent;
+static upb_inttable upb_def_to_enumdesc_map_persistent;
+// Global map from message/enum's php class entry to corresponding wrapper
+// Descriptor/EnumDescriptor instances.
+static HashTable* ce_to_php_obj_map;
+static upb_strtable ce_to_desc_map_persistent;
+static upb_strtable ce_to_enumdesc_map_persistent;
+// Global map from message/enum's proto fully-qualified name to corresponding
+// wrapper Descriptor/EnumDescriptor instances.
+static upb_strtable proto_to_desc_map_persistent;
+static upb_strtable class_to_desc_map_persistent;
+
+upb_strtable reserved_names;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Global maps.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void add_to_table(HashTable* t, const void* def, void* value) {
+  zval* pDest = NULL;
+  php_proto_zend_hash_index_update_mem(t, (zend_ulong)def, &value,
+                                       sizeof(zval*), (void**)&pDest);
+}
+
+static void* get_from_table(const HashTable* t, const void* def) {
+  void** value;
+  if (php_proto_zend_hash_index_find_mem(t, (zend_ulong)def, (void**)&value) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return *value;
+}
+
+void add_def_obj(const void* def, PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE value) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  Z_ADDREF_P(value);
+#else
+  GC_ADDREF(value);
+#endif
+  add_to_table(upb_def_to_php_obj_map, def, value);
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE get_def_obj(const void* def) {
+  return (PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE)get_from_table(upb_def_to_php_obj_map, def);
+}
+
+void add_msgdef_desc(const upb_msgdef* m, DescriptorInternal* desc) {
+  upb_inttable_insertptr(&upb_def_to_desc_map_persistent,
+                         m, upb_value_ptr(desc));
+}
+
+DescriptorInternal* get_msgdef_desc(const upb_msgdef* m) {
+  upb_value v;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  v.ctype = UPB_CTYPE_PTR;
+#endif
+  if (!upb_inttable_lookupptr(&upb_def_to_desc_map_persistent, m, &v)) {
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    return upb_value_getptr(v);
+  }
+}
+
+void add_enumdef_enumdesc(const upb_enumdef* e, EnumDescriptorInternal* desc) {
+  upb_inttable_insertptr(&upb_def_to_enumdesc_map_persistent,
+                         e, upb_value_ptr(desc));
+}
+
+EnumDescriptorInternal* get_enumdef_enumdesc(const upb_enumdef* e) {
+  upb_value v;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  v.ctype = UPB_CTYPE_PTR;
+#endif
+  if (!upb_inttable_lookupptr(&upb_def_to_enumdesc_map_persistent, e, &v)) {
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    return upb_value_getptr(v);
+  }
+}
+
+void add_ce_obj(const void* ce, PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE value) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  Z_ADDREF_P(value);
+#else
+  GC_ADDREF(value);
+#endif
+  add_to_table(ce_to_php_obj_map, ce, value);
+}
+
+PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE get_ce_obj(const void* ce) {
+  return (PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE)get_from_table(ce_to_php_obj_map, ce);
+}
+
+void add_ce_desc(const zend_class_entry* ce, DescriptorInternal* desc) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  const char* klass = ce->name;
+#else
+  const char* klass = ZSTR_VAL(ce->name);
+#endif
+  upb_strtable_insert(&ce_to_desc_map_persistent, klass,
+                      upb_value_ptr(desc));
+}
+
+DescriptorInternal* get_ce_desc(const zend_class_entry* ce) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  const char* klass = ce->name;
+#else
+  const char* klass = ZSTR_VAL(ce->name);
+#endif
+
+  upb_value v;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  v.ctype = UPB_CTYPE_PTR;
+#endif
+
+  if (!upb_strtable_lookup(&ce_to_desc_map_persistent, klass, &v)) {
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    return upb_value_getptr(v);
+  }
+}
+
+void add_ce_enumdesc(const zend_class_entry* ce, EnumDescriptorInternal* desc) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  const char* klass = ce->name;
+#else
+  const char* klass = ZSTR_VAL(ce->name);
+#endif
+  upb_strtable_insert(&ce_to_enumdesc_map_persistent, klass,
+                      upb_value_ptr(desc));
+}
+
+EnumDescriptorInternal* get_ce_enumdesc(const zend_class_entry* ce) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  const char* klass = ce->name;
+#else
+  const char* klass = ZSTR_VAL(ce->name);
+#endif
+  upb_value v;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  v.ctype = UPB_CTYPE_PTR;
+#endif
+  if (!upb_strtable_lookup(&ce_to_enumdesc_map_persistent, klass, &v)) {
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    return upb_value_getptr(v);
+  }
+}
+
+bool class_added(const void* ce) {
+  return get_ce_desc(ce) != NULL;
+}
+
+void add_proto_desc(const char* proto, DescriptorInternal* desc) {
+  upb_strtable_insert(&proto_to_desc_map_persistent, proto,
+                      upb_value_ptr(desc));
+}
+
+DescriptorInternal* get_proto_desc(const char* proto) {
+  upb_value v;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  v.ctype = UPB_CTYPE_PTR;
+#endif
+  if (!upb_strtable_lookup(&proto_to_desc_map_persistent, proto, &v)) {
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    return upb_value_getptr(v);
+  }
+}
+
+void add_class_desc(const char* klass, DescriptorInternal* desc) {
+  upb_strtable_insert(&class_to_desc_map_persistent, klass,
+                      upb_value_ptr(desc));
+}
+
+DescriptorInternal* get_class_desc(const char* klass) {
+  upb_value v;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  v.ctype = UPB_CTYPE_PTR;
+#endif
+  if (!upb_strtable_lookup(&class_to_desc_map_persistent, klass, &v)) {
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    return upb_value_getptr(v);
+  }
+}
+
+void add_class_enumdesc(const char* klass, EnumDescriptorInternal* desc) {
+  upb_strtable_insert(&class_to_desc_map_persistent, klass,
+                      upb_value_ptr(desc));
+}
+
+EnumDescriptorInternal* get_class_enumdesc(const char* klass) {
+  upb_value v;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  v.ctype = UPB_CTYPE_PTR;
+#endif
+  if (!upb_strtable_lookup(&class_to_desc_map_persistent, klass, &v)) {
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    return upb_value_getptr(v);
+  }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Well Known Types.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool is_inited_file_any;
+bool is_inited_file_api;
+bool is_inited_file_duration;
+bool is_inited_file_field_mask;
+bool is_inited_file_empty;
+bool is_inited_file_source_context;
+bool is_inited_file_struct;
+bool is_inited_file_timestamp;
+bool is_inited_file_type;
+bool is_inited_file_wrappers;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Reserved Name.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Although we already have kReservedNames, we still add them to hash table to
+// speed up look up.
+const char *const kReservedNames[] = {
+    "abstract",   "and",        "array",        "as",           "break",
+    "callable",   "case",       "catch",        "class",        "clone",
+    "const",      "continue",   "declare",      "default",      "die",
+    "do",         "echo",       "else",         "elseif",       "empty",
+    "enddeclare", "endfor",     "endforeach",   "endif",        "endswitch",
+    "endwhile",   "eval",       "exit",         "extends",      "final",
+    "for",        "foreach",    "function",     "global",       "goto",
+    "if",         "implements", "include",      "include_once", "instanceof",
+    "insteadof",  "interface",  "isset",        "list",         "namespace",
+    "new",        "or",         "print",        "private",      "protected",
+    "public",     "require",    "require_once", "return",       "static",
+    "switch",     "throw",      "trait",        "try",          "unset",
+    "use",        "var",        "while",        "xor",          "int",
+    "float",      "bool",       "string",       "true",         "false",
+    "null",       "void",       "iterable"};
+const int kReservedNamesSize = 73;
+
+bool is_reserved_name(const char* name) {
+  upb_value v;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  v.ctype = UPB_CTYPE_UINT64;
+#endif
+  return upb_strtable_lookup2(&reserved_names, name, strlen(name), &v);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Utilities.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+zend_function_entry protobuf_functions[] = {
+  ZEND_FE_END
+};
+
+static const zend_module_dep protobuf_deps[] = {
+  ZEND_MOD_OPTIONAL("date")
+  ZEND_MOD_END
+};
+
+zend_module_entry protobuf_module_entry = {
+  STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER_EX,
+  NULL,
+  protobuf_deps,
+  PHP_PROTOBUF_EXTNAME,     // extension name
+  protobuf_functions,       // function list
+  PHP_MINIT(protobuf),      // process startup
+  PHP_MSHUTDOWN(protobuf),  // process shutdown
+  PHP_RINIT(protobuf),      // request shutdown
+  PHP_RSHUTDOWN(protobuf),  // request shutdown
+  NULL,                 // extension info
+  PHP_PROTOBUF_VERSION, // extension version
+  PHP_MODULE_GLOBALS(protobuf),  // globals descriptor
+  PHP_GINIT(protobuf),  // globals ctor
+  PHP_GSHUTDOWN(protobuf),  // globals dtor
+  NULL,  // post deactivate
+  STANDARD_MODULE_PROPERTIES_EX
+};
+
+// install module
+ZEND_GET_MODULE(protobuf)
+
+// global variables
+static PHP_GINIT_FUNCTION(protobuf) {
+}
+
+static PHP_GSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(protobuf) {
+}
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION >= 7
+static void php_proto_hashtable_descriptor_release(zval* value) {
+  void* ptr = Z_PTR_P(value);
+  zend_object* object = *(zend_object**)ptr;
+  GC_DELREF(object);
+  if(GC_REFCOUNT(object) == 0) {
+    zend_objects_store_del(object);
+  }
+  efree(ptr);
+}
+#endif
+
+static void initialize_persistent_descriptor_pool(TSRMLS_D) {
+  upb_inttable_init(&upb_def_to_desc_map_persistent, UPB_CTYPE_PTR);
+  upb_inttable_init(&upb_def_to_enumdesc_map_persistent, UPB_CTYPE_PTR);
+  upb_strtable_init(&ce_to_desc_map_persistent, UPB_CTYPE_PTR);
+  upb_strtable_init(&ce_to_enumdesc_map_persistent, UPB_CTYPE_PTR);
+  upb_strtable_init(&proto_to_desc_map_persistent, UPB_CTYPE_PTR);
+  upb_strtable_init(&class_to_desc_map_persistent, UPB_CTYPE_PTR);
+
+  internal_descriptor_pool_impl_init(&generated_pool_impl TSRMLS_CC);
+
+  is_inited_file_any = false;
+  is_inited_file_api = false;
+  is_inited_file_duration = false;
+  is_inited_file_field_mask = false;
+  is_inited_file_empty = false;
+  is_inited_file_source_context = false;
+  is_inited_file_struct = false;
+  is_inited_file_timestamp = false;
+  is_inited_file_type = false;
+  is_inited_file_wrappers = false;
+}
+
+static PHP_RINIT_FUNCTION(protobuf) {
+  ALLOC_HASHTABLE(upb_def_to_php_obj_map);
+  zend_hash_init(upb_def_to_php_obj_map, 16, NULL, HASHTABLE_VALUE_DTOR, 0);
+
+  ALLOC_HASHTABLE(ce_to_php_obj_map);
+  zend_hash_init(ce_to_php_obj_map, 16, NULL, HASHTABLE_VALUE_DTOR, 0);
+
+  generated_pool = NULL;
+  generated_pool_php = NULL;
+  internal_generated_pool_php = NULL;
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_G(keep_descriptor_pool_after_request)) {
+    // Needs to clean up obsolete class entry
+    upb_strtable_iter i;
+    upb_value v;
+
+    DescriptorInternal* desc;
+    for(upb_strtable_begin(&i, &ce_to_desc_map_persistent);
+        !upb_strtable_done(&i);
+        upb_strtable_next(&i)) {
+      v = upb_strtable_iter_value(&i);
+      desc = upb_value_getptr(v);
+      desc->klass = NULL;
+    }
+
+    EnumDescriptorInternal* enumdesc;
+    for(upb_strtable_begin(&i, &ce_to_enumdesc_map_persistent);
+        !upb_strtable_done(&i);
+        upb_strtable_next(&i)) {
+      v = upb_strtable_iter_value(&i);
+      enumdesc = upb_value_getptr(v);
+      enumdesc->klass = NULL;
+    }
+  } else {
+    initialize_persistent_descriptor_pool(TSRMLS_C);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void cleanup_desc_table(upb_inttable* t) {
+  upb_inttable_iter i;
+  upb_value v;
+  DescriptorInternal* desc;
+  for(upb_inttable_begin(&i, t);
+      !upb_inttable_done(&i);
+      upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+    v = upb_inttable_iter_value(&i);
+    desc = upb_value_getptr(v);
+    if (desc->layout) {
+      free_layout(desc->layout);
+      desc->layout = NULL;
+    }
+    free(desc->classname);
+    SYS_FREE(desc);
+  }
+}
+
+static void cleanup_enumdesc_table(upb_inttable* t) {
+  upb_inttable_iter i;
+  upb_value v;
+  EnumDescriptorInternal* desc;
+  for(upb_inttable_begin(&i, t);
+      !upb_inttable_done(&i);
+      upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+    v = upb_inttable_iter_value(&i);
+    desc = upb_value_getptr(v);
+    free(desc->classname);
+    SYS_FREE(desc);
+  }
+}
+
+static void cleanup_persistent_descriptor_pool(TSRMLS_D) {
+  // Clean up
+
+  // Only needs to clean one map out of three (def=>desc, ce=>desc, proto=>desc)
+  cleanup_desc_table(&upb_def_to_desc_map_persistent);
+  cleanup_enumdesc_table(&upb_def_to_enumdesc_map_persistent);
+
+  internal_descriptor_pool_impl_destroy(&generated_pool_impl TSRMLS_CC);
+
+  upb_inttable_uninit(&upb_def_to_desc_map_persistent);
+  upb_inttable_uninit(&upb_def_to_enumdesc_map_persistent);
+  upb_strtable_uninit(&ce_to_desc_map_persistent);
+  upb_strtable_uninit(&ce_to_enumdesc_map_persistent);
+  upb_strtable_uninit(&proto_to_desc_map_persistent);
+  upb_strtable_uninit(&class_to_desc_map_persistent);
+}
+
+static PHP_RSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(protobuf) {
+  zend_hash_destroy(upb_def_to_php_obj_map);
+  FREE_HASHTABLE(upb_def_to_php_obj_map);
+
+  zend_hash_destroy(ce_to_php_obj_map);
+  FREE_HASHTABLE(ce_to_php_obj_map);
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  if (generated_pool_php != NULL) {
+    zval_dtor(generated_pool_php);
+    FREE_ZVAL(generated_pool_php);
+  }
+  if (internal_generated_pool_php != NULL) {
+    zval_dtor(internal_generated_pool_php);
+    FREE_ZVAL(internal_generated_pool_php);
+  }
+#else
+  if (generated_pool_php != NULL) {
+    zval tmp;
+    ZVAL_OBJ(&tmp, generated_pool_php);
+    zval_dtor(&tmp);
+  }
+  if (internal_generated_pool_php != NULL) {
+    zval tmp;
+    ZVAL_OBJ(&tmp, internal_generated_pool_php);
+    zval_dtor(&tmp);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  if (!PROTOBUF_G(keep_descriptor_pool_after_request)) {
+    cleanup_persistent_descriptor_pool(TSRMLS_C);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void reserved_names_init() {
+  size_t i;
+  upb_value v = upb_value_bool(false);
+  for (i = 0; i < kReservedNamesSize; i++) {
+    upb_strtable_insert2(&reserved_names, kReservedNames[i],
+                         strlen(kReservedNames[i]), v);
+  }
+}
+
+PHP_INI_BEGIN()
+STD_PHP_INI_ENTRY("protobuf.keep_descriptor_pool_after_request", "0",
+                  PHP_INI_SYSTEM, OnUpdateBool,
+                  keep_descriptor_pool_after_request, zend_protobuf_globals,
+                  protobuf_globals)
+PHP_INI_END()
+
+static PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(protobuf) {
+  REGISTER_INI_ENTRIES();
+
+  upb_strtable_init(&reserved_names, UPB_CTYPE_UINT64);
+  reserved_names_init();
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_G(keep_descriptor_pool_after_request)) {
+    initialize_persistent_descriptor_pool(TSRMLS_C);
+  }
+
+  descriptor_pool_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  descriptor_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  enum_descriptor_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  enum_value_descriptor_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  field_descriptor_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  gpb_type_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  internal_descriptor_pool_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  map_field_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  map_field_iter_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  message_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  oneof_descriptor_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  repeated_field_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  repeated_field_iter_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  util_init(TSRMLS_C);
+
+  gpb_metadata_any_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  gpb_metadata_api_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  gpb_metadata_duration_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  gpb_metadata_field_mask_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  gpb_metadata_empty_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  gpb_metadata_source_context_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  gpb_metadata_struct_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  gpb_metadata_timestamp_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  gpb_metadata_type_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  gpb_metadata_wrappers_init(TSRMLS_C);
+
+  any_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  api_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  bool_value_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  bytes_value_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  double_value_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  duration_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  enum_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  enum_value_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  field_cardinality_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  field_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  field_kind_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  field_mask_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  float_value_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  empty_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  int32_value_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  int64_value_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  list_value_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  method_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  mixin_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  null_value_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  option_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  source_context_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  string_value_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  struct_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  syntax_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  timestamp_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  type_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  u_int32_value_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  u_int64_value_init(TSRMLS_C);
+  value_init(TSRMLS_C);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static PHP_MSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(protobuf) {
+  if (PROTOBUF_G(keep_descriptor_pool_after_request)) {
+    cleanup_persistent_descriptor_pool(TSRMLS_C);
+  }
+
+  upb_strtable_uninit(&reserved_names);
+
+  PEFREE(message_handlers);
+  PEFREE(repeated_field_handlers);
+  PEFREE(repeated_field_iter_handlers);
+  PEFREE(map_field_handlers);
+  PEFREE(map_field_iter_handlers);
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88cc4005d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1583 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef __GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PHP_PROTOBUF_H__
+#define __GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PHP_PROTOBUF_H__
+
+#include <php.h>
+
+// ubp.h has to be placed after php.h. Othwise, php.h will introduce NDEBUG.
+#include "upb.h"
+
+#define PHP_PROTOBUF_EXTNAME "protobuf"
+#define PHP_PROTOBUF_VERSION "3.11.4"
+
+#define MAX_LENGTH_OF_INT64 20
+#define SIZEOF_INT64 8
+
+/* From Chromium. */
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) \
+    ((sizeof(x)/sizeof(0[x])) / ((size_t)(!(sizeof(x) % sizeof(0[x])))))
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_UNUSED(var) (void)var
+/* PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(): in release mode, we use the expression without letting
+ * it be evaluated.  This prevents "unused variable" warnings. */
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(expr) do {} while (false && (expr))
+#else
+#define PHP_PROTO_ASSERT(expr) assert(expr)
+#endif
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PHP7 Wrappers
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#if PHP_VERSION_ID < 70300
+#define GC_ADDREF(h) ++GC_REFCOUNT(h)
+#define GC_DELREF(h) --GC_REFCOUNT(h)
+#endif
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+
+#define php_proto_zend_literal const zend_literal*
+#define PHP_PROTO_CASE_IS_BOOL IS_BOOL
+#define PHP_PROTO_SIZE int
+#define PHP_PROTO_LONG long
+#define PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC TSRMLS_DC
+#define PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC TSRMLS_CC
+
+// PHP String
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(zval_ptr, s, copy) \
+  ZVAL_STRING(zval_ptr, s, copy)
+#define PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRINGL(zval_ptr, s, len, copy) \
+  ZVAL_STRINGL(zval_ptr, s, len, copy)
+#define PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING(s, copy) RETURN_STRING(s, copy)
+#define PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRINGL(s, len, copy) RETURN_STRINGL(s, len, copy)
+#define PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_STRINGL(s, len, copy) RETVAL_STRINGL(s, len, copy)
+#define php_proto_zend_make_printable_zval(from, to) \
+  {                                                  \
+    int use_copy;                                    \
+    zend_make_printable_zval(from, to, &use_copy);   \
+  }
+
+// PHP Array
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(array) Z_ARRVAL_P(array)
+
+#define php_proto_zend_hash_index_update_zval(ht, h, pData) \
+  zend_hash_index_update(ht, h, &(pData), sizeof(void*), NULL)
+
+#define php_proto_zend_hash_update_zval(ht, key, key_len, value) \
+  zend_hash_update(ht, key, key_len, value, sizeof(void*), NULL)
+
+#define php_proto_zend_hash_update(ht, key, key_len) \
+  zend_hash_update(ht, key, key_len, 0, 0, NULL)
+
+#define php_proto_zend_hash_index_update_mem(ht, h, pData, nDataSize, pDest) \
+  zend_hash_index_update(ht, h, pData, nDataSize, pDest)
+
+#define php_proto_zend_hash_update_mem(ht, key, key_len, pData, nDataSize, \
+                                       pDest)                              \
+  zend_hash_update(ht, key, key_len, pData, nDataSize, pDest)
+
+#define php_proto_zend_hash_index_find_zval(ht, h, pDest) \
+  zend_hash_index_find(ht, h, pDest)
+
+#define php_proto_zend_hash_find(ht, key, key_len, pDest) \
+  zend_hash_find(ht, key, key_len, pDest)
+
+#define php_proto_zend_hash_index_find_mem(ht, h, pDest) \
+  zend_hash_index_find(ht, h, pDest)
+
+#define php_proto_zend_hash_find_zval(ht, key, key_len, pDest) \
+  zend_hash_find(ht, key, key_len, pDest)
+
+#define php_proto_zend_hash_find_mem(ht, key, key_len, pDest) \
+  zend_hash_find(ht, key, key_len, pDest)
+
+#define php_proto_zend_hash_next_index_insert_zval(ht, pData) \
+  zend_hash_next_index_insert(ht, pData, sizeof(void*), NULL)
+
+#define php_proto_zend_hash_next_index_insert_mem(ht, pData, nDataSize, pDest) \
+  zend_hash_next_index_insert(ht, pData, nDataSize, pDest)
+
+#define php_proto_zend_hash_get_current_data_ex(ht, pDest, pos) \
+  zend_hash_get_current_data_ex(ht, pDest, pos)
+
+// PHP Object
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(name) \
+  struct name {                           \
+    zend_object std;
+#define PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END \
+  };
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START(CLASSNAME, CAMELNAME, LOWWERNAME)   \
+  void LOWWERNAME##_init(TSRMLS_D) {                                         \
+    zend_class_entry class_type;                                             \
+    INIT_CLASS_ENTRY_EX(class_type, CLASSNAME, strlen(CLASSNAME),            \
+                        LOWWERNAME##_methods);                               \
+    LOWWERNAME##_type = zend_register_internal_class_ex(                     \
+        &class_type, message_type, NULL TSRMLS_CC);                          \
+    LOWWERNAME##_type->create_object = message_create;                       \
+    zend_do_inheritance(LOWWERNAME##_type, message_type TSRMLS_CC);
+#define PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END \
+  }
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_INIT_ENUMCLASS_START(CLASSNAME, CAMELNAME, LOWWERNAME)     \
+  void LOWWERNAME##_init(TSRMLS_D) {                                         \
+    zend_class_entry class_type;                                             \
+    INIT_CLASS_ENTRY_EX(class_type, CLASSNAME, strlen(CLASSNAME),            \
+                        LOWWERNAME##_methods);                               \
+    LOWWERNAME##_type = zend_register_internal_class(&class_type TSRMLS_CC);
+#define PHP_PROTO_INIT_ENUMCLASS_END \
+  }
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_START(CLASSNAME, CAMELNAME, LOWWERNAME)         \
+  void LOWWERNAME##_init(TSRMLS_D) {                                         \
+    zend_class_entry class_type;                                             \
+    INIT_CLASS_ENTRY_EX(class_type, CLASSNAME, strlen(CLASSNAME),            \
+                        LOWWERNAME##_methods);                               \
+    LOWWERNAME##_type = zend_register_internal_class(&class_type TSRMLS_CC); \
+    LOWWERNAME##_type->create_object = LOWWERNAME##_create;                  \
+    LOWWERNAME##_handlers = PEMALLOC(zend_object_handlers, 1);               \
+    memcpy(LOWWERNAME##_handlers, zend_get_std_object_handlers(),            \
+           sizeof(zend_object_handlers));
+#define PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_END \
+  }
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_START(NAME, LOWWERNAME) \
+  static zend_object_value LOWWERNAME##_create(         \
+      zend_class_entry* ce TSRMLS_DC) {                 \
+    PHP_PROTO_ALLOC_CLASS_OBJECT(NAME, ce);             \
+    zend_object_std_init(&intern->std, ce TSRMLS_CC);   \
+    object_properties_init(&intern->std, ce);
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_END(NAME, LOWWERNAME)                          \
+  PHP_PROTO_FREE_CLASS_OBJECT(NAME, LOWWERNAME##_free, LOWWERNAME##_handlers); \
+  }
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_EMPTY_FREE_START(classname, lowername) \
+  void lowername##_free(void* object TSRMLS_DC) {               \
+    classname* intern = object;
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_FREE_START(classname, lowername) \
+  void lowername##_free(void* object TSRMLS_DC) {         \
+    classname* intern = object;
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_FREE_END                 \
+    zend_object_std_dtor(&intern->std TSRMLS_CC); \
+    efree(intern);                                \
+  }
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_EMPTY_DTOR_START(classname, lowername)
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_DTOR_START(classname, lowername)
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_DTOR_END
+
+#define CACHED_VALUE zval*
+#define CACHED_TO_ZVAL_PTR(VALUE) (VALUE)
+#define CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(VALUE) (*(CACHED_VALUE*)(VALUE))
+#define ZVAL_PTR_TO_CACHED_PTR(VALUE) (&VALUE)
+#define ZVAL_PTR_TO_CACHED_VALUE(VALUE) (VALUE)
+#define ZVAL_TO_CACHED_VALUE(VALUE) (&VALUE)
+
+#define CREATE_OBJ_ON_ALLOCATED_ZVAL_PTR(zval_ptr, class_type) \
+  ZVAL_OBJ(zval_ptr, class_type->create_object(class_type TSRMLS_CC));
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(value) \
+  SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(value)
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_GLOBAL_UNINITIALIZED_ZVAL EG(uninitialized_zval_ptr)
+
+#define OBJ_PROP(OBJECT, OFFSET) &((OBJECT)->properties_table[OFFSET])
+
+#define php_proto_zval_ptr_dtor(zval_ptr) \
+  zval_ptr_dtor(&(zval_ptr))
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_ALLOC_CLASS_OBJECT(class_object, class_type) \
+  class_object* intern;                                        \
+  intern = (class_object*)emalloc(sizeof(class_object));       \
+  memset(intern, 0, sizeof(class_object));
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_FREE_CLASS_OBJECT(class_object, class_object_free, handler) \
+  zend_object_value retval = {0};                                             \
+  retval.handle = zend_objects_store_put(                                     \
+      intern, (zend_objects_store_dtor_t)zend_objects_destroy_object,         \
+      class_object_free, NULL TSRMLS_CC);                                     \
+  retval.handlers = handler;                                                  \
+  return retval;
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_ALLOC_ARRAY(zval_ptr)  \
+  ALLOC_HASHTABLE(Z_ARRVAL_P(zval_ptr)); \
+  Z_TYPE_P(zval_ptr) = IS_ARRAY;
+
+#define ZVAL_OBJ(zval_ptr, call_create) \
+  Z_TYPE_P(zval_ptr) = IS_OBJECT;       \
+  Z_OBJVAL_P(zval_ptr) = call_create;
+
+#define UNBOX(class_name, val) \
+  (class_name*)zend_object_store_get_object(val TSRMLS_CC);
+
+#define UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(class_name, val) UNBOX(class_name, val)
+
+#define HASHTABLE_VALUE_DTOR ZVAL_PTR_DTOR
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE zval*
+#define HASHTABLE_VALUE_CE(val) Z_OBJCE_P(val)
+
+#define CREATE_HASHTABLE_VALUE(OBJ, WRAPPED_OBJ, OBJ_TYPE, OBJ_CLASS_ENTRY) \
+  OBJ_TYPE* OBJ;                                                            \
+  PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE WRAPPED_OBJ;                                    \
+  MAKE_STD_ZVAL(WRAPPED_OBJ);                                               \
+  ZVAL_OBJ(WRAPPED_OBJ,                                                     \
+           OBJ_CLASS_ENTRY->create_object(OBJ_CLASS_ENTRY TSRMLS_CC));      \
+  OBJ = UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(OBJ_TYPE, WRAPPED_OBJ);                       \
+  Z_DELREF_P(desc_php);
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_CE_DECLARE zend_class_entry**
+#define PHP_PROTO_CE_UNREF(ce) (*ce)
+
+#define php_proto_zend_lookup_class(name, name_length, ce) \
+  zend_lookup_class(name, name_length, ce TSRMLS_CC)
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_ZVAL(value) ZVAL_ZVAL(return_value, value, 1, 0)
+
+#else  // PHP_MAJOR_VERSION >= 7
+
+#define php_proto_zend_literal void**
+#define PHP_PROTO_CASE_IS_BOOL IS_TRUE: case IS_FALSE
+#define PHP_PROTO_SIZE size_t
+#define PHP_PROTO_LONG zend_long
+#define PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC
+#define PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC
+
+// PHP String
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(zval_ptr, s, copy) \
+  ZVAL_STRING(zval_ptr, s)
+#define PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRINGL(zval_ptr, s, len, copy) \
+  ZVAL_STRINGL(zval_ptr, s, len)
+#define PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRING(s, copy) RETURN_STRING(s)
+#define PHP_PROTO_RETURN_STRINGL(s, len, copy) RETURN_STRINGL(s, len)
+#define PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_STRINGL(s, len, copy) RETVAL_STRINGL(s, len)
+#define php_proto_zend_make_printable_zval(from, to) \
+  zend_make_printable_zval(from, to)
+
+// PHP Array
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(array) Z_ARRVAL_P(&array)
+
+static inline int php_proto_zend_hash_index_update_zval(HashTable* ht, zend_ulong h,
+                                                        zval* pData) {
+  void* result = NULL;
+  result = zend_hash_index_update(ht, h, pData);
+  return result != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
+}
+
+static inline int php_proto_zend_hash_update(HashTable* ht, const char* key,
+                                             size_t key_len) {
+  void* result = NULL;
+  zval temp;
+  ZVAL_LONG(&temp, 0);
+  result = zend_hash_str_update(ht, key, key_len, &temp);
+  return result != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
+}
+
+static inline int php_proto_zend_hash_index_update_mem(HashTable* ht, zend_ulong h,
+                                                   void* pData, uint nDataSize,
+                                                   void** pDest) {
+  void* result = NULL;
+  result = zend_hash_index_update_mem(ht, h, pData, nDataSize);
+  if (pDest != NULL) *pDest = result;
+  return result != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
+}
+
+static inline int php_proto_zend_hash_update_zval(HashTable* ht,
+                                                  const char* key, uint key_len,
+                                                  zval* pData) {
+  void* result = NULL;
+  zend_string* internal_key = zend_string_init(key, key_len, 0);
+  result = zend_hash_update(ht, internal_key, pData);
+  return result != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
+}
+
+static inline int php_proto_zend_hash_update_mem(HashTable* ht, const char* key,
+                                                 uint key_len, void* pData,
+                                                 uint nDataSize, void** pDest) {
+  zend_string* internal_key = zend_string_init(key, key_len, 0);
+  void* result = zend_hash_update_mem(ht, internal_key, pData, nDataSize);
+  zend_string_release(internal_key);
+  if (pDest != NULL) *pDest = result;
+  return result != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
+}
+
+static inline int php_proto_zend_hash_index_find_zval(const HashTable* ht,
+                                                      zend_ulong h, void** pDest) {
+  zval* result = zend_hash_index_find(ht, h);
+  if (pDest != NULL) *pDest = result;
+  return result != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
+}
+
+static inline int php_proto_zend_hash_find(const HashTable* ht, const char* key,
+                                           size_t key_len, void** pDest) {
+  void* result = NULL;
+  result = zend_hash_str_find(ht, key, key_len);
+  return result != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
+}
+
+static inline int php_proto_zend_hash_index_find_mem(const HashTable* ht,
+                                                     zend_ulong h, void** pDest) {
+  void* result = NULL;
+  result = zend_hash_index_find_ptr(ht, h);
+  if (pDest != NULL) *pDest = result;
+  return result != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
+}
+
+static inline int php_proto_zend_hash_find_zval(const HashTable* ht,
+                                                const char* key, uint key_len,
+                                                void** pDest) {
+  zend_string* internal_key = zend_string_init(key, key_len, 1);
+  zval* result = zend_hash_find(ht, internal_key);
+  if (pDest != NULL) *pDest = result;
+  return result != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
+}
+
+static inline int php_proto_zend_hash_find_mem(const HashTable* ht,
+                                                const char* key, uint key_len,
+                                                void** pDest) {
+  zend_string* internal_key = zend_string_init(key, key_len, 1);
+  void* result = zend_hash_find_ptr(ht, internal_key);
+  zend_string_release(internal_key);
+  if (pDest != NULL) *pDest = result;
+  return result != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
+}
+
+static inline int php_proto_zend_hash_next_index_insert_zval(HashTable* ht,
+                                                             void* pData) {
+  zval tmp;
+  ZVAL_OBJ(&tmp, *(zend_object**)pData);
+  zval* result = zend_hash_next_index_insert(ht, &tmp);
+  return result != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
+}
+
+static inline int php_proto_zend_hash_next_index_insert_mem(HashTable* ht,
+                                                            void* pData,
+                                                            uint nDataSize,
+                                                            void** pDest) {
+  void* result = NULL;
+  result = zend_hash_next_index_insert_mem(ht, pData, nDataSize);
+  if (pDest != NULL) *pDest = result;
+  return result != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
+}
+
+static inline int php_proto_zend_hash_get_current_data_ex(HashTable* ht,
+                                                          void** pDest,
+                                                          HashPosition* pos) {
+  void* result = NULL;
+  result = zend_hash_get_current_data_ex(ht, pos);
+  if (pDest != NULL) *pDest = result;
+  return result != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
+}
+
+// PHP Object
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(name) struct name {
+#define PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END \
+  zend_object std;                \
+  };
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_START(CLASSNAME, CAMELNAME, LOWWERNAME) \
+  void LOWWERNAME##_init(TSRMLS_D) {                                       \
+    zend_class_entry class_type;                                           \
+    INIT_CLASS_ENTRY_EX(class_type, CLASSNAME, strlen(CLASSNAME),          \
+                        LOWWERNAME##_methods);                             \
+    LOWWERNAME##_type = zend_register_internal_class(&class_type);         \
+    zend_do_inheritance(LOWWERNAME##_type, message_type);
+#define PHP_PROTO_INIT_SUBMSGCLASS_END \
+  }
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_INIT_ENUMCLASS_START(CLASSNAME, CAMELNAME, LOWWERNAME)     \
+  void LOWWERNAME##_init(TSRMLS_D) {                                         \
+    zend_class_entry class_type;                                             \
+    INIT_CLASS_ENTRY_EX(class_type, CLASSNAME, strlen(CLASSNAME),            \
+                        LOWWERNAME##_methods);                               \
+    LOWWERNAME##_type = zend_register_internal_class(&class_type);
+#define PHP_PROTO_INIT_ENUMCLASS_END \
+  }
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_START(CLASSNAME, CAMELNAME, LOWWERNAME)         \
+  void LOWWERNAME##_init(TSRMLS_D) {                                         \
+    zend_class_entry class_type;                                             \
+    INIT_CLASS_ENTRY_EX(class_type, CLASSNAME, strlen(CLASSNAME),            \
+                        LOWWERNAME##_methods);                               \
+    LOWWERNAME##_type = zend_register_internal_class(&class_type TSRMLS_CC); \
+    LOWWERNAME##_type->create_object = LOWWERNAME##_create;                  \
+    LOWWERNAME##_handlers = PEMALLOC(zend_object_handlers, 1);               \
+    memcpy(LOWWERNAME##_handlers, zend_get_std_object_handlers(),            \
+           sizeof(zend_object_handlers));                                    \
+    LOWWERNAME##_handlers->free_obj = LOWWERNAME##_free;                     \
+    LOWWERNAME##_handlers->dtor_obj = LOWWERNAME##_dtor;                     \
+    LOWWERNAME##_handlers->offset = XtOffsetOf(CAMELNAME, std);
+#define PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_END \
+  }
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_EMPTY_FREE_START(classname, lowername) \
+  void lowername##_free(zend_object* object) {
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_FREE_START(classname, lowername) \
+  void lowername##_free(zend_object* object) {            \
+    classname* intern =                                   \
+        (classname*)((char*)object - XtOffsetOf(classname, std));
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_FREE_END           \
+  }
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_EMPTY_DTOR_START(classname, lowername) \
+  void lowername##_dtor(zend_object* object) {
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_DTOR_START(classname, lowername) \
+  void lowername##_dtor(zend_object* object) {            \
+    classname* intern =                                   \
+        (classname*)((char*)object - XtOffsetOf(classname, std));
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_DTOR_END           \
+    zend_object_std_dtor(object TSRMLS_CC); \
+  }
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_START(NAME, LOWWERNAME)                     \
+  static zend_object* LOWWERNAME##_create(zend_class_entry* ce TSRMLS_DC) { \
+    PHP_PROTO_ALLOC_CLASS_OBJECT(NAME, ce);                                 \
+    zend_object_std_init(&intern->std, ce TSRMLS_CC);                       \
+    object_properties_init(&intern->std, ce);
+#define PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_END(NAME, LOWWERNAME)                          \
+  PHP_PROTO_FREE_CLASS_OBJECT(NAME, LOWWERNAME##_free, LOWWERNAME##_handlers); \
+  }
+
+#define CACHED_VALUE zval
+#define CACHED_TO_ZVAL_PTR(VALUE) (&VALUE)
+#define CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(VALUE) ((CACHED_VALUE*)(VALUE))
+#define ZVAL_PTR_TO_CACHED_PTR(VALUE) (VALUE)
+#define ZVAL_PTR_TO_CACHED_VALUE(VALUE) (*VALUE)
+#define ZVAL_TO_CACHED_VALUE(VALUE) (VALUE)
+
+#define CREATE_OBJ_ON_ALLOCATED_ZVAL_PTR(zval_ptr, class_type) \
+  ZVAL_OBJ(zval_ptr, class_type->create_object(class_type));
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(value) ;
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_GLOBAL_UNINITIALIZED_ZVAL &EG(uninitialized_zval)
+
+#define php_proto_zval_ptr_dtor(zval_ptr) \
+  zval_ptr_dtor(zval_ptr)
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_ALLOC_CLASS_OBJECT(class_object, class_type)               \
+  class_object* intern;                                                      \
+  int size = sizeof(class_object) + zend_object_properties_size(class_type); \
+  intern = ecalloc(1, size);                                                 \
+  memset(intern, 0, size);
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_FREE_CLASS_OBJECT(class_object, class_object_free, handler) \
+  intern->std.handlers = handler;                                             \
+  return &intern->std;
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_ALLOC_ARRAY(zval_ptr) \
+  ZVAL_NEW_ARR(zval_ptr)
+
+#define UNBOX(class_name, val) \
+  (class_name*)((char*)Z_OBJ_P(val) - XtOffsetOf(class_name, std));
+
+#define UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(class_name, val) \
+  (class_name*)((char*)val - XtOffsetOf(class_name, std))
+
+#define HASHTABLE_VALUE_DTOR php_proto_hashtable_descriptor_release
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE zend_object*
+#define HASHTABLE_VALUE_CE(val) val->ce
+
+#define CREATE_HASHTABLE_VALUE(OBJ, WRAPPED_OBJ, OBJ_TYPE, OBJ_CLASS_ENTRY) \
+  OBJ_TYPE* OBJ;                                                            \
+  PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE WRAPPED_OBJ;                                    \
+  WRAPPED_OBJ = OBJ_CLASS_ENTRY->create_object(OBJ_CLASS_ENTRY);            \
+  OBJ = UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(OBJ_TYPE, WRAPPED_OBJ);                       \
+  GC_DELREF(WRAPPED_OBJ);
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_CE_DECLARE zend_class_entry*
+#define PHP_PROTO_CE_UNREF(ce) (ce)
+
+static inline int php_proto_zend_lookup_class(
+    const char* name, int name_length, zend_class_entry** ce TSRMLS_DC) {
+  zend_string *zstr_name = zend_string_init(name, name_length, 0);
+  *ce = zend_lookup_class(zstr_name);
+  zend_string_release(zstr_name);
+  return *ce != NULL ? SUCCESS : FAILURE;
+}
+
+#define PHP_PROTO_RETVAL_ZVAL(value) ZVAL_COPY(return_value, value)
+
+#endif  // PHP_MAJOR_VERSION >= 7
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7 || (PHP_MAJOR_VERSION == 7 && PHP_MINOR_VERSION == 0)
+#define PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_BEGIN(klass)  \
+  zend_class_entry* old_scope = EG(scope); \
+  EG(scope) = klass;
+#define PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_RESTART(klass) \
+  old_scope = EG(scope);                    \
+  EG(scope) = klass;
+#define PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_END EG(scope) = old_scope;
+#else
+#define PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_BEGIN(klass)       \
+  zend_class_entry* old_scope = EG(fake_scope); \
+  EG(fake_scope) = klass;
+#define PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_RESTART(klass) \
+  old_scope = EG(fake_scope);               \
+  EG(fake_scope) = klass;
+#define PHP_PROTO_FAKE_SCOPE_END EG(fake_scope) = old_scope;
+#endif
+
+// Define PHP class
+#define DEFINE_PROTOBUF_INIT_CLASS(CLASSNAME, CAMELNAME, LOWERNAME) \
+  PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_START(CLASSNAME, CAMELNAME, LOWERNAME)       \
+  PHP_PROTO_INIT_CLASS_END
+
+#define DEFINE_PROTOBUF_CREATE(NAME, LOWERNAME)  \
+  PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_START(NAME, LOWERNAME) \
+  LOWERNAME##_init_c_instance(intern TSRMLS_CC); \
+  PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_CREATE_END(NAME, LOWERNAME)
+
+#define DEFINE_PROTOBUF_FREE(CAMELNAME, LOWERNAME)  \
+  PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_FREE_START(CAMELNAME, LOWERNAME) \
+  LOWERNAME##_free_c(intern TSRMLS_CC);             \
+  PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_FREE_END
+
+#define DEFINE_PROTOBUF_DTOR(CAMELNAME, LOWERNAME)        \
+  PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_EMPTY_DTOR_START(CAMELNAME, LOWERNAME) \
+  PHP_PROTO_OBJECT_DTOR_END
+
+#define DEFINE_CLASS(NAME, LOWERNAME, string_name) \
+  zend_class_entry *LOWERNAME##_type;              \
+  zend_object_handlers *LOWERNAME##_handlers;      \
+  DEFINE_PROTOBUF_FREE(NAME, LOWERNAME)            \
+  DEFINE_PROTOBUF_DTOR(NAME, LOWERNAME)            \
+  DEFINE_PROTOBUF_CREATE(NAME, LOWERNAME)          \
+  DEFINE_PROTOBUF_INIT_CLASS(string_name, NAME, LOWERNAME)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Forward Declaration
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct Any;
+struct Api;
+struct BoolValue;
+struct BytesValue;
+struct Descriptor;
+struct DescriptorInternal;
+struct DescriptorPool;
+struct DoubleValue;
+struct Duration;
+struct Enum;
+struct EnumDescriptor;
+struct EnumDescriptorInternal;
+struct EnumValue;
+struct EnumValueDescriptor;
+struct Field;
+struct FieldDescriptor;
+struct FieldMask;
+struct Field_Cardinality;
+struct Field_Kind;
+struct FloatValue;
+struct GPBEmpty;
+struct Int32Value;
+struct Int64Value;
+struct InternalDescriptorPool;
+struct InternalDescriptorPoolImpl;
+struct ListValue;
+struct Map;
+struct MapIter;
+struct MessageField;
+struct MessageHeader;
+struct MessageLayout;
+struct Method;
+struct Mixin;
+struct NullValue;
+struct Oneof;
+struct Option;
+struct RepeatedField;
+struct RepeatedFieldIter;
+struct SourceContext;
+struct StringValue;
+struct Struct;
+struct Syntax;
+struct Timestamp;
+struct Type;
+struct UInt32Value;
+struct UInt64Value;
+struct Value;
+
+typedef struct Any Any;
+typedef struct Api Api;
+typedef struct BoolValue BoolValue;
+typedef struct BytesValue BytesValue;
+typedef struct Descriptor Descriptor;
+typedef struct DescriptorInternal DescriptorInternal;
+typedef struct DescriptorPool DescriptorPool;
+typedef struct DoubleValue DoubleValue;
+typedef struct Duration Duration;
+typedef struct EnumDescriptor EnumDescriptor;
+typedef struct EnumDescriptorInternal EnumDescriptorInternal;
+typedef struct Enum Enum;
+typedef struct EnumValueDescriptor EnumValueDescriptor;
+typedef struct EnumValue EnumValue;
+typedef struct Field_Cardinality Field_Cardinality;
+typedef struct FieldDescriptor FieldDescriptor;
+typedef struct Field Field;
+typedef struct Field_Kind Field_Kind;
+typedef struct FieldMask FieldMask;
+typedef struct FloatValue FloatValue;
+typedef struct GPBEmpty GPBEmpty;
+typedef struct Int32Value Int32Value;
+typedef struct Int64Value Int64Value;
+typedef struct InternalDescriptorPool InternalDescriptorPool;
+typedef struct InternalDescriptorPoolImpl InternalDescriptorPoolImpl;
+typedef struct ListValue ListValue;
+typedef struct MapIter MapIter;
+typedef struct Map Map;
+typedef struct MessageField MessageField;
+typedef struct MessageHeader MessageHeader;
+typedef struct MessageLayout MessageLayout;
+typedef struct Method Method;
+typedef struct Mixin Mixin;
+typedef struct NullValue NullValue;
+typedef struct Oneof Oneof;
+typedef struct Option Option;
+typedef struct RepeatedFieldIter RepeatedFieldIter;
+typedef struct RepeatedField RepeatedField;
+typedef struct SourceContext SourceContext;
+typedef struct StringValue StringValue;
+typedef struct Struct Struct;
+typedef struct Syntax Syntax;
+typedef struct Timestamp Timestamp;
+typedef struct Type Type;
+typedef struct UInt32Value UInt32Value;
+typedef struct UInt64Value UInt64Value;
+typedef struct Value Value;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Globals.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_MODULE_GLOBALS(protobuf)
+  zend_bool keep_descriptor_pool_after_request;
+ZEND_END_MODULE_GLOBALS(protobuf)
+
+ZEND_EXTERN_MODULE_GLOBALS(protobuf)
+
+#ifdef ZTS
+#define PROTOBUF_G(v) TSRMG(protobuf_globals_id, zend_protobuf_globals *, v)
+#else
+#define PROTOBUF_G(v) (protobuf_globals.v)
+#endif
+
+// Init module and PHP classes.
+void any_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void api_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void bool_value_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void bytes_value_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void descriptor_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void descriptor_pool_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void double_value_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void duration_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void empty_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void enum_descriptor_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void enum_value_descriptor_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void enum_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void enum_value_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void field_cardinality_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void field_descriptor_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void field_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void field_kind_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void field_mask_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void float_value_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void gpb_type_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void int32_value_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void int64_value_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void internal_descriptor_pool_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void list_value_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void map_field_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void map_field_iter_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void message_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void method_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void mixin_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void null_value_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void oneof_descriptor_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void option_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void repeated_field_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void repeated_field_iter_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void source_context_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void string_value_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void struct_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void syntax_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void timestamp_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void type_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void u_int32_value_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void u_int64_value_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void util_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void value_init(TSRMLS_D);
+
+void gpb_metadata_any_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void gpb_metadata_api_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void gpb_metadata_duration_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void gpb_metadata_field_mask_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void gpb_metadata_empty_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void gpb_metadata_source_context_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void gpb_metadata_struct_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void gpb_metadata_timestamp_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void gpb_metadata_type_init(TSRMLS_D);
+void gpb_metadata_wrappers_init(TSRMLS_D);
+
+// Global map from upb {msg,enum}defs to wrapper Descriptor/EnumDescriptor
+// instances.
+void add_def_obj(const void* def, PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE value);
+PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE get_def_obj(const void* def);
+void add_msgdef_desc(const upb_msgdef* m, DescriptorInternal* desc);
+DescriptorInternal* get_msgdef_desc(const upb_msgdef* m);
+void add_enumdef_enumdesc(const upb_enumdef* e, EnumDescriptorInternal* desc);
+EnumDescriptorInternal* get_enumdef_enumdesc(const upb_enumdef* e);
+
+// Global map from PHP class entries to wrapper Descriptor/EnumDescriptor
+// instances.
+void add_ce_obj(const void* ce, PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE value);
+PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE get_ce_obj(const void* ce);
+bool class_added(const void* ce);
+void add_ce_desc(const zend_class_entry* ce, DescriptorInternal* desc);
+DescriptorInternal* get_ce_desc(const zend_class_entry* ce);
+void add_ce_enumdesc(const zend_class_entry* ce, EnumDescriptorInternal* desc);
+EnumDescriptorInternal* get_ce_enumdesc(const zend_class_entry* ce);
+
+// Global map from message/enum's proto fully-qualified name to corresponding
+// wrapper Descriptor/EnumDescriptor instances.
+void add_proto_desc(const char* proto, DescriptorInternal* desc);
+DescriptorInternal* get_proto_desc(const char* proto);
+void add_class_desc(const char* klass, DescriptorInternal* desc);
+DescriptorInternal* get_class_desc(const char* klass);
+void add_class_enumdesc(const char* klass, EnumDescriptorInternal* desc);
+EnumDescriptorInternal* get_class_enumdesc(const char* klass);
+
+extern zend_class_entry* map_field_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* repeated_field_type;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Descriptor.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(DescriptorPool)
+  InternalDescriptorPoolImpl* intern;
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(DescriptorPool, getGeneratedPool);
+PHP_METHOD(DescriptorPool, getDescriptorByClassName);
+PHP_METHOD(DescriptorPool, getEnumDescriptorByClassName);
+
+struct InternalDescriptorPoolImpl {
+  upb_symtab* symtab;
+  upb_handlercache* fill_handler_cache;
+  upb_handlercache* pb_serialize_handler_cache;
+  upb_handlercache* json_serialize_handler_cache;
+  upb_handlercache* json_serialize_handler_preserve_cache;
+  upb_pbcodecache* fill_method_cache;
+  upb_json_codecache* json_fill_method_cache;
+};
+
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(InternalDescriptorPool)
+  InternalDescriptorPoolImpl* intern;
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(InternalDescriptorPool, getGeneratedPool);
+PHP_METHOD(InternalDescriptorPool, internalAddGeneratedFile);
+
+void internal_add_generated_file(const char* data, PHP_PROTO_SIZE data_len,
+                                 InternalDescriptorPoolImpl* pool,
+                                 bool use_nested_submsg TSRMLS_DC);
+void init_generated_pool_once(TSRMLS_D);
+void add_handlers_for_message(const void* closure, upb_handlers* h);
+void register_class(void *desc, bool is_enum TSRMLS_DC);
+
+// wrapper of generated pool
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+extern zval* generated_pool_php;
+extern zval* internal_generated_pool_php;
+void descriptor_pool_free(void* object TSRMLS_DC);
+void internal_descriptor_pool_free(void* object TSRMLS_DC);
+#else
+extern zend_object *generated_pool_php;
+extern zend_object *internal_generated_pool_php;
+void descriptor_pool_free(zend_object* object);
+void internal_descriptor_pool_free(zend_object* object);
+#endif
+extern InternalDescriptorPoolImpl* generated_pool;
+// The actual generated pool
+extern InternalDescriptorPoolImpl generated_pool_impl;
+
+void internal_descriptor_pool_impl_init(
+    InternalDescriptorPoolImpl *pool TSRMLS_DC);
+void internal_descriptor_pool_impl_destroy(
+    InternalDescriptorPoolImpl *pool TSRMLS_DC);
+
+struct DescriptorInternal {
+  InternalDescriptorPoolImpl* pool;
+  const upb_msgdef* msgdef;
+  MessageLayout* layout;
+  zend_class_entry* klass;  // begins as NULL
+  bool use_nested_submsg;
+  char* classname;
+};
+
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(Descriptor)
+  DescriptorInternal* intern;
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Descriptor, getClass);
+PHP_METHOD(Descriptor, getFullName);
+PHP_METHOD(Descriptor, getField);
+PHP_METHOD(Descriptor, getFieldCount);
+PHP_METHOD(Descriptor, getOneofDecl);
+PHP_METHOD(Descriptor, getOneofDeclCount);
+
+extern zend_class_entry* descriptor_type;
+
+void descriptor_name_set(Descriptor *desc, const char *name);
+
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(FieldDescriptor)
+  const upb_fielddef* fielddef;
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(FieldDescriptor, getName);
+PHP_METHOD(FieldDescriptor, getNumber);
+PHP_METHOD(FieldDescriptor, getLabel);
+PHP_METHOD(FieldDescriptor, getType);
+PHP_METHOD(FieldDescriptor, isMap);
+PHP_METHOD(FieldDescriptor, getEnumType);
+PHP_METHOD(FieldDescriptor, getMessageType);
+
+extern zend_class_entry* field_descriptor_type;
+
+struct EnumDescriptorInternal {
+  const upb_enumdef* enumdef;
+  zend_class_entry* klass;  // begins as NULL
+  bool use_nested_submsg;
+  char* classname;
+};
+
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(EnumDescriptor)
+  EnumDescriptorInternal* intern;
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(EnumDescriptor, getValue);
+PHP_METHOD(EnumDescriptor, getValueCount);
+
+extern zend_class_entry* enum_descriptor_type;
+
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(EnumValueDescriptor)
+  const char* name;
+  int32_t number;
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(EnumValueDescriptor, getName);
+PHP_METHOD(EnumValueDescriptor, getNumber);
+
+extern zend_class_entry* enum_value_descriptor_type;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Message class creation.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void* message_data(MessageHeader* msg);
+void custom_data_init(const zend_class_entry* ce,
+                      MessageHeader* msg PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC);
+
+extern zend_class_entry* message_type;
+extern zend_object_handlers* message_handlers;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Message layout / storage.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/*
+ * In c extension, each protobuf message is a zval instance. The zval instance
+ * is like union, which can be used to store int, string, zend_object_value and
+ * etc. For protobuf message, the zval instance is used to store the
+ * zend_object_value.
+ *
+ * The zend_object_value is composed of handlers and a handle to look up the
+ * actual stored data. The handlers are pointers to functions, e.g., read,
+ * write, and etc, to access properties.
+ *
+ * The actual data of protobuf messages is stored as MessageHeader in zend
+ * engine's central repository. Each MessageHeader instance is composed of a
+ * zend_object, a Descriptor instance and the real message data.
+ *
+ * For the reason that PHP's native types may not be large enough to store
+ * protobuf message's field (e.g., int64), all message's data is stored in
+ * custom memory layout and is indexed by the Descriptor instance.
+ *
+ * The zend_object contains the zend class entry and the properties table. The
+ * zend class entry contains all information about protobuf message's
+ * corresponding PHP class. The most useful information is the offset table of
+ * properties. Because read access to properties requires returning zval
+ * instance, we need to convert data from the custom layout to zval instance.
+ * Instead of creating zval instance for every read access, we use the zval
+ * instances in the properties table in the zend_object as cache.  When
+ * accessing properties, the offset is needed to find the zval property in
+ * zend_object's properties table. These properties will be updated using the
+ * data from custom memory layout only when reading these properties.
+ *
+ * zval
+ * |-zend_object_value obj
+ *   |-zend_object_handlers* handlers -> |-read_property_handler
+ *   |                                   |-write_property_handler
+ *   |                              ++++++++++++++++++++++
+ *   |-zend_object_handle handle -> + central repository +
+ *                                  ++++++++++++++++++++++
+ *  MessageHeader <-----------------|
+ *  |-zend_object std
+ *  | |-class_entry* ce -> class_entry
+ *  | |                    |-HashTable properties_table (name->offset)
+ *  | |-zval** properties_table <------------------------------|
+ *  |                         |------> zval* property(cache)
+ *  |-Descriptor* desc (name->offset)
+ *  |-void** data <-----------|
+ *           |-----------------------> void* property(data)
+ *
+ */
+
+#define MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_CASE ((size_t)-1)
+
+struct MessageField {
+  size_t offset;
+  int cache_index;  // Each field except oneof field has a zval cache to avoid
+                    // multiple creation when being accessed.
+  size_t case_offset;   // for oneofs, a uint32. Else, MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_CASE.
+};
+
+struct MessageLayout {
+  const upb_msgdef* msgdef;
+  void* empty_template;  // Can memcpy() onto a layout to clear it.
+  MessageField* fields;
+  size_t size;
+};
+
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(MessageHeader)
+  void* data;  // Point to the real message data.
+               // Place needs to be consistent with map_parse_frame_data_t.
+  DescriptorInternal* descriptor;  // Kept alive by self.class.descriptor
+                                   // reference.
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END
+
+MessageLayout* create_layout(const upb_msgdef* msgdef);
+void layout_init(MessageLayout* layout, void* storage,
+                 zend_object* object PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC);
+zval* layout_get(MessageLayout* layout, MessageHeader* header,
+                 const upb_fielddef* field, CACHED_VALUE* cache TSRMLS_DC);
+void layout_set(MessageLayout* layout, MessageHeader* header,
+                const upb_fielddef* field, zval* val TSRMLS_DC);
+void layout_merge(MessageLayout* layout, MessageHeader* from,
+                  MessageHeader* to TSRMLS_DC);
+const char* layout_get_oneof_case(MessageLayout* layout, const void* storage,
+                                  const upb_oneofdef* oneof TSRMLS_DC);
+void free_layout(MessageLayout* layout);
+uint32_t* slot_oneof_case(MessageLayout* layout, const void* storage,
+                          const upb_fielddef* field);
+void* slot_memory(MessageLayout* layout, const void* storage,
+                  const upb_fielddef* field);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, clear);
+PHP_METHOD(Message, mergeFrom);
+PHP_METHOD(Message, readWrapperValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Message, writeWrapperValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Message, readOneof);
+PHP_METHOD(Message, writeOneof);
+PHP_METHOD(Message, whichOneof);
+PHP_METHOD(Message, __construct);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Encode / Decode.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Maximum depth allowed during encoding, to avoid stack overflows due to
+// cycles.
+#define ENCODE_MAX_NESTING 63
+
+// Constructs the upb decoder method for parsing messages of this type.
+// This is called from the message class creation code.
+const upb_pbdecodermethod *new_fillmsg_decodermethod(Descriptor *desc,
+                                                     const void *owner);
+void serialize_to_string(zval* val, zval* return_value TSRMLS_DC);
+void merge_from_string(const char* data, int data_len, DescriptorInternal* desc,
+                       MessageHeader* msg);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Message, serializeToString);
+PHP_METHOD(Message, mergeFromString);
+PHP_METHOD(Message, serializeToJsonString);
+PHP_METHOD(Message, mergeFromJsonString);
+PHP_METHOD(Message, discardUnknownFields);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Type check / conversion.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool protobuf_convert_to_int32(zval* from, int32_t* to);
+bool protobuf_convert_to_uint32(zval* from, uint32_t* to);
+bool protobuf_convert_to_int64(zval* from, int64_t* to);
+bool protobuf_convert_to_uint64(zval* from, uint64_t* to);
+bool protobuf_convert_to_float(zval* from, float* to);
+bool protobuf_convert_to_double(zval* from, double* to);
+bool protobuf_convert_to_bool(zval* from, int8_t* to);
+bool protobuf_convert_to_string(zval* from);
+
+void check_repeated_field(const zend_class_entry* klass, PHP_PROTO_LONG type,
+                          zval* val, zval* return_value);
+void check_map_field(const zend_class_entry* klass, PHP_PROTO_LONG key_type,
+                     PHP_PROTO_LONG value_type, zval* val, zval* return_value);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkInt32);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkUint32);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkInt64);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkUint64);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkEnum);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkFloat);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkDouble);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkBool);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkString);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkBytes);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkMessage);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkMapField);
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkRepeatedField);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Native slot storage abstraction.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE sizeof(uint64_t)
+
+size_t native_slot_size(upb_fieldtype_t type);
+bool native_slot_set(upb_fieldtype_t type, const zend_class_entry* klass,
+                     void* memory, zval* value TSRMLS_DC);
+// String/Message is stored differently in array/map from normal message fields.
+// So we need to make a special method to handle that.
+bool native_slot_set_by_array(upb_fieldtype_t type,
+                              const zend_class_entry* klass, void* memory,
+                              zval* value TSRMLS_DC);
+bool native_slot_set_by_map(upb_fieldtype_t type, const zend_class_entry* klass,
+                            void* memory, zval* value TSRMLS_DC);
+void native_slot_init(upb_fieldtype_t type, void* memory, CACHED_VALUE* cache);
+// For each property, in order to avoid conversion between the zval object and
+// the actual data type during parsing/serialization, the containing message
+// object use the custom memory layout to store the actual data type for each
+// property inside of it.  To access a property from php code, the property
+// needs to be converted to a zval object. The message object is not responsible
+// for providing such a zval object. Instead the caller needs to provide one
+// (cache) and update it with the actual data (memory).
+void native_slot_get(upb_fieldtype_t type, const void* memory,
+                     CACHED_VALUE* cache TSRMLS_DC);
+// String/Message is stored differently in array/map from normal message fields.
+// So we need to make a special method to handle that.
+void native_slot_get_by_array(upb_fieldtype_t type, const void* memory,
+                     CACHED_VALUE* cache TSRMLS_DC);
+void native_slot_get_by_map_key(upb_fieldtype_t type, const void* memory,
+                                int length, CACHED_VALUE* cache TSRMLS_DC);
+void native_slot_get_by_map_value(upb_fieldtype_t type, const void* memory,
+                                  CACHED_VALUE* cache TSRMLS_DC);
+void native_slot_get_default(upb_fieldtype_t type,
+                             CACHED_VALUE* cache TSRMLS_DC);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Map Field.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+extern zend_object_handlers* map_field_handlers;
+extern zend_object_handlers* map_field_iter_handlers;
+
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(Map)
+  upb_fieldtype_t key_type;
+  upb_fieldtype_t value_type;
+  const zend_class_entry* msg_ce;  // class entry for value message
+  upb_strtable table;
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END
+
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(MapIter)
+  Map* self;
+  upb_strtable_iter it;
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END
+
+void map_begin(zval* self, MapIter* iter TSRMLS_DC);
+void map_next(MapIter* iter);
+bool map_done(MapIter* iter);
+const char* map_iter_key(MapIter* iter, int* len);
+upb_value map_iter_value(MapIter* iter, int* len);
+
+// These operate on a map-entry msgdef.
+const upb_fielddef* map_entry_key(const upb_msgdef* msgdef);
+const upb_fielddef* map_entry_value(const upb_msgdef* msgdef);
+
+void map_field_ensure_created(const upb_fielddef *field,
+                              CACHED_VALUE *map_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC);
+void map_field_create_with_field(const zend_class_entry* ce,
+                                 const upb_fielddef* field,
+                                 CACHED_VALUE* map_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC);
+void map_field_create_with_type(const zend_class_entry* ce,
+                                upb_fieldtype_t key_type,
+                                upb_fieldtype_t value_type,
+                                const zend_class_entry* msg_ce,
+                                CACHED_VALUE* map_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC);
+void* upb_value_memory(upb_value* v);
+
+#define MAP_KEY_FIELD 1
+#define MAP_VALUE_FIELD 2
+
+// These operate on a map field (i.e., a repeated field of submessages whose
+// submessage type is a map-entry msgdef).
+bool is_map_field(const upb_fielddef* field);
+const upb_fielddef* map_field_key(const upb_fielddef* field);
+const upb_fielddef* map_field_value(const upb_fielddef* field);
+
+bool map_index_set(Map *intern, const char* keyval, int length, upb_value v);
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, offsetExists);
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, offsetGet);
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, offsetSet);
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, offsetUnset);
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, count);
+PHP_METHOD(MapField, getIterator);
+
+PHP_METHOD(MapFieldIter, rewind);
+PHP_METHOD(MapFieldIter, current);
+PHP_METHOD(MapFieldIter, key);
+PHP_METHOD(MapFieldIter, next);
+PHP_METHOD(MapFieldIter, valid);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Repeated Field.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+extern zend_object_handlers* repeated_field_handlers;
+extern zend_object_handlers* repeated_field_iter_handlers;
+
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(RepeatedField)
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  zval* array;
+#else
+  zval array;
+#endif
+  upb_fieldtype_t type;
+  const zend_class_entry* msg_ce;  // class entry for containing message
+                                   // (for message field only).
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END
+
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(RepeatedFieldIter)
+  RepeatedField* repeated_field;
+  long position;
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END
+
+void repeated_field_ensure_created(
+    const upb_fielddef *field,
+    CACHED_VALUE *repeated_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC);
+void repeated_field_create_with_field(
+    zend_class_entry* ce, const upb_fielddef* field,
+    CACHED_VALUE* repeated_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC);
+void repeated_field_create_with_type(
+    zend_class_entry* ce, upb_fieldtype_t type, const zend_class_entry* msg_ce,
+    CACHED_VALUE* repeated_field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC);
+// Return the element at the index position from the repeated field. There is
+// not restriction on the type of stored elements.
+void *repeated_field_index_native(RepeatedField *intern, int index TSRMLS_DC);
+// Add the element to the end of the repeated field. There is not restriction on
+// the type of stored elements.
+void repeated_field_push_native(RepeatedField *intern, void *value);
+
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, append);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, offsetExists);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, offsetGet);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, offsetSet);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, offsetUnset);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, count);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedField, getIterator);
+
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, rewind);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, current);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, key);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, next);
+PHP_METHOD(RepeatedFieldIter, valid);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Oneof Field.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_START(Oneof)
+  const upb_oneofdef* oneofdef;
+  int index;    // Index of field in oneof. -1 if not set.
+  char value[NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE];
+PHP_PROTO_WRAP_OBJECT_END
+
+PHP_METHOD(Oneof, getName);
+PHP_METHOD(Oneof, getField);
+PHP_METHOD(Oneof, getFieldCount);
+
+extern zend_class_entry* oneof_descriptor_type;
+
+// Oneof case slot value to indicate that no oneof case is set. The value `0` is
+// safe because field numbers are used as case identifiers, and no field can
+// have a number of 0.
+#define ONEOF_CASE_NONE 0
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Well Known Type.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+extern bool is_inited_file_any;
+extern bool is_inited_file_api;
+extern bool is_inited_file_duration;
+extern bool is_inited_file_field_mask;
+extern bool is_inited_file_empty;
+extern bool is_inited_file_source_context;
+extern bool is_inited_file_struct;
+extern bool is_inited_file_timestamp;
+extern bool is_inited_file_type;
+extern bool is_inited_file_wrappers;
+
+PHP_METHOD(GPBMetadata_Any, initOnce);
+PHP_METHOD(GPBMetadata_Api, initOnce);
+PHP_METHOD(GPBMetadata_Duration, initOnce);
+PHP_METHOD(GPBMetadata_FieldMask, initOnce);
+PHP_METHOD(GPBMetadata_Empty, initOnce);
+PHP_METHOD(GPBMetadata_SourceContext, initOnce);
+PHP_METHOD(GPBMetadata_Struct, initOnce);
+PHP_METHOD(GPBMetadata_Timestamp, initOnce);
+PHP_METHOD(GPBMetadata_Type, initOnce);
+PHP_METHOD(GPBMetadata_Wrappers, initOnce);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Any, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(Any, getTypeUrl);
+PHP_METHOD(Any, setTypeUrl);
+PHP_METHOD(Any, getValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Any, setValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Any, unpack);
+PHP_METHOD(Any, pack);
+PHP_METHOD(Any, is);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Duration, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(Duration, getSeconds);
+PHP_METHOD(Duration, setSeconds);
+PHP_METHOD(Duration, getNanos);
+PHP_METHOD(Duration, setNanos);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Timestamp, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(Timestamp, fromDateTime);
+PHP_METHOD(Timestamp, toDateTime);
+PHP_METHOD(Timestamp, getSeconds);
+PHP_METHOD(Timestamp, setSeconds);
+PHP_METHOD(Timestamp, getNanos);
+PHP_METHOD(Timestamp, setNanos);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Api, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(Api, getName);
+PHP_METHOD(Api, setName);
+PHP_METHOD(Api, getMethods);
+PHP_METHOD(Api, setMethods);
+PHP_METHOD(Api, getOptions);
+PHP_METHOD(Api, setOptions);
+PHP_METHOD(Api, getVersion);
+PHP_METHOD(Api, setVersion);
+PHP_METHOD(Api, getSourceContext);
+PHP_METHOD(Api, setSourceContext);
+PHP_METHOD(Api, getMixins);
+PHP_METHOD(Api, setMixins);
+PHP_METHOD(Api, getSyntax);
+PHP_METHOD(Api, setSyntax);
+
+PHP_METHOD(BoolValue, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(BoolValue, getValue);
+PHP_METHOD(BoolValue, setValue);
+
+PHP_METHOD(BytesValue, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(BytesValue, getValue);
+PHP_METHOD(BytesValue, setValue);
+
+PHP_METHOD(DoubleValue, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(DoubleValue, getValue);
+PHP_METHOD(DoubleValue, setValue);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Enum, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(Enum, getName);
+PHP_METHOD(Enum, setName);
+PHP_METHOD(Enum, getEnumvalue);
+PHP_METHOD(Enum, setEnumvalue);
+PHP_METHOD(Enum, getOptions);
+PHP_METHOD(Enum, setOptions);
+PHP_METHOD(Enum, getSourceContext);
+PHP_METHOD(Enum, setSourceContext);
+PHP_METHOD(Enum, getSyntax);
+PHP_METHOD(Enum, setSyntax);
+
+PHP_METHOD(EnumValue, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(EnumValue, getName);
+PHP_METHOD(EnumValue, setName);
+PHP_METHOD(EnumValue, getNumber);
+PHP_METHOD(EnumValue, setNumber);
+PHP_METHOD(EnumValue, getOptions);
+PHP_METHOD(EnumValue, setOptions);
+
+PHP_METHOD(FieldMask, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(FieldMask, getPaths);
+PHP_METHOD(FieldMask, setPaths);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Field, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, getKind);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, setKind);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, getCardinality);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, setCardinality);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, getNumber);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, setNumber);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, getName);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, setName);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, getTypeUrl);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, setTypeUrl);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, getOneofIndex);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, setOneofIndex);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, getPacked);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, setPacked);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, getOptions);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, setOptions);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, getJsonName);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, setJsonName);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, getDefaultValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Field, setDefaultValue);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Field_Cardinality, name);
+PHP_METHOD(Field_Cardinality, value);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Field_Kind, name);
+PHP_METHOD(Field_Kind, value);
+
+PHP_METHOD(FloatValue, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(FloatValue, getValue);
+PHP_METHOD(FloatValue, setValue);
+
+PHP_METHOD(GPBEmpty, __construct);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Int32Value, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(Int32Value, getValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Int32Value, setValue);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Int64Value, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(Int64Value, getValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Int64Value, setValue);
+
+PHP_METHOD(ListValue, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(ListValue, getValues);
+PHP_METHOD(ListValue, setValues);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Method, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(Method, getName);
+PHP_METHOD(Method, setName);
+PHP_METHOD(Method, getRequestTypeUrl);
+PHP_METHOD(Method, setRequestTypeUrl);
+PHP_METHOD(Method, getRequestStreaming);
+PHP_METHOD(Method, setRequestStreaming);
+PHP_METHOD(Method, getResponseTypeUrl);
+PHP_METHOD(Method, setResponseTypeUrl);
+PHP_METHOD(Method, getResponseStreaming);
+PHP_METHOD(Method, setResponseStreaming);
+PHP_METHOD(Method, getOptions);
+PHP_METHOD(Method, setOptions);
+PHP_METHOD(Method, getSyntax);
+PHP_METHOD(Method, setSyntax);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Mixin, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(Mixin, getName);
+PHP_METHOD(Mixin, setName);
+PHP_METHOD(Mixin, getRoot);
+PHP_METHOD(Mixin, setRoot);
+
+PHP_METHOD(NullValue, name);
+PHP_METHOD(NullValue, value);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Option, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(Option, getName);
+PHP_METHOD(Option, setName);
+PHP_METHOD(Option, getValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Option, setValue);
+
+PHP_METHOD(SourceContext, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(SourceContext, getFileName);
+PHP_METHOD(SourceContext, setFileName);
+
+PHP_METHOD(StringValue, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(StringValue, getValue);
+PHP_METHOD(StringValue, setValue);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Struct, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(Struct, getFields);
+PHP_METHOD(Struct, setFields);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Syntax, name);
+PHP_METHOD(Syntax, value);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Type, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(Type, getName);
+PHP_METHOD(Type, setName);
+PHP_METHOD(Type, getFields);
+PHP_METHOD(Type, setFields);
+PHP_METHOD(Type, getOneofs);
+PHP_METHOD(Type, setOneofs);
+PHP_METHOD(Type, getOptions);
+PHP_METHOD(Type, setOptions);
+PHP_METHOD(Type, getSourceContext);
+PHP_METHOD(Type, setSourceContext);
+PHP_METHOD(Type, getSyntax);
+PHP_METHOD(Type, setSyntax);
+
+PHP_METHOD(UInt32Value, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(UInt32Value, getValue);
+PHP_METHOD(UInt32Value, setValue);
+
+PHP_METHOD(UInt64Value, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(UInt64Value, getValue);
+PHP_METHOD(UInt64Value, setValue);
+
+PHP_METHOD(Value, __construct);
+PHP_METHOD(Value, getNullValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Value, setNullValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Value, getNumberValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Value, setNumberValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Value, getStringValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Value, setStringValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Value, getBoolValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Value, setBoolValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Value, getStructValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Value, setStructValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Value, getListValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Value, setListValue);
+PHP_METHOD(Value, getKind);
+
+extern zend_class_entry* any_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* api_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* bool_value_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* bytes_value_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* double_value_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* duration_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* empty_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* enum_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* enum_value_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* field_cardinality_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* field_kind_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* field_mask_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* field_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* float_value_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* int32_value_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* int64_value_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* list_value_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* method_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* mixin_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* null_value_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* option_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* source_context_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* string_value_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* struct_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* syntax_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* timestamp_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* type_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* uint32_value_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* uint64_value_type;
+extern zend_class_entry* value_type;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Upb.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+upb_fieldtype_t to_fieldtype(upb_descriptortype_t type);
+const zend_class_entry* field_type_class(
+    const upb_fielddef* field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC);
+void stringsink_uninit_opaque(void *sink);
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_byteshandler handler;
+  upb_bytessink sink;
+  char *ptr;
+  size_t len, size;
+} stringsink;
+
+void stringsink_init(stringsink *sink);
+void stringsink_uninit(stringsink *sink);
+size_t stringsink_string(void *_sink, const void *hd, const char *ptr,
+                         size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Utilities.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Memory management
+#define SYS_MALLOC(class_name) (class_name*) malloc(sizeof(class_name))
+#define SYS_MALLOC_N(class_name, n) (class_name*) malloc(sizeof(class_name) * n)
+#define SYS_FREE(ptr) free(ptr)
+#define ALLOC(class_name) (class_name*) emalloc(sizeof(class_name))
+#define PEMALLOC(class_name, persistent) (class_name*) pemalloc(sizeof(class_name), persistent)
+#define ALLOC_N(class_name, n) (class_name*) emalloc(sizeof(class_name) * n)
+#define FREE(object) efree(object)
+#define PEFREE(object) pefree(object, 1)
+
+// Find corresponding zval property for the field.
+CACHED_VALUE* find_zval_property(MessageHeader* msg, const upb_fielddef* field);
+
+// String argument.
+#define STR(str) (str), strlen(str)
+
+// Zend Value
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+#define Z_OBJ_P(zval_p)                                       \
+  ((zend_object*)(EG(objects_store)                           \
+                      .object_buckets[Z_OBJ_HANDLE_P(zval_p)] \
+                      .bucket.obj.object))
+#endif
+
+// Message handler
+static inline zval* php_proto_message_read_property(
+    zval* msg, zval* member PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+  return message_handlers->read_property(msg, member, BP_VAR_R,
+                                         NULL PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+#else
+  return message_handlers->read_property(msg, member, BP_VAR_R, NULL,
+                                         NULL PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Reserved name
+bool is_reserved_name(const char* name);
+bool is_valid_constant_name(const char* name);
+
+// For lazy wrapper
+bool is_wrapper_msg(const upb_msgdef* m);
+
+#endif  // __GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PHP_PROTOBUF_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/storage.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/storage.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fec733584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/storage.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1180 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <protobuf.h>
+#include <Zend/zend.h>
+
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Native slot storage.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define DEREF(memory, type) *(type*)(memory)
+
+size_t native_slot_size(upb_fieldtype_t type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT: return 4;
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE: return 8;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL: return 1;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING: return sizeof(void*);
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: return sizeof(void*);
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: return sizeof(void*);
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: return 4;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32: return 4;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64: return 8;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32: return 4;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64: return 8;
+    default: return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool native_slot_is_default(upb_fieldtype_t type, const void* memory) {
+  switch (type) {
+#define CASE_TYPE(upb_type, c_type)    \
+  case UPB_TYPE_##upb_type: {          \
+    return DEREF(memory, c_type) == 0; \
+  }
+    CASE_TYPE(INT32,  int32_t )
+    CASE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32_t)
+    CASE_TYPE(ENUM,   int32_t )
+    CASE_TYPE(INT64,  int64_t )
+    CASE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64_t)
+    CASE_TYPE(FLOAT,  float   )
+    CASE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double  )
+    CASE_TYPE(BOOL,   int8_t  )
+
+#undef CASE_TYPE
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      return Z_STRLEN_P(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(memory)) == 0;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return Z_TYPE_P(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(memory)) == IS_NULL;
+    default: return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool native_slot_set(upb_fieldtype_t type, const zend_class_entry* klass,
+                     void* memory, zval* value PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      if (!protobuf_convert_to_string(value)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (type == UPB_TYPE_STRING &&
+          !is_structurally_valid_utf8(Z_STRVAL_P(value), Z_STRLEN_P(value))) {
+        zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given string is not UTF8 encoded.");
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      zval* cached_zval = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)memory);
+      if (EXPECTED(cached_zval != NULL)) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+        REPLACE_ZVAL_VALUE((zval**)memory, value, 1);
+#elif PHP_VERSION_ID < 70400
+        zend_assign_to_variable(cached_zval, value, IS_CV);
+#else
+        zend_assign_to_variable(cached_zval, value, IS_CV, 0);
+#endif
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      if (Z_TYPE_P(value) != IS_OBJECT && Z_TYPE_P(value) != IS_NULL) {
+        zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given value is not message.");
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (Z_TYPE_P(value) == IS_OBJECT && klass != Z_OBJCE_P(value)) {
+        zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given message does not have correct class.");
+        return false;
+      }
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      REPLACE_ZVAL_VALUE((CACHED_VALUE*)memory, value, 1);
+#else
+      zval* property_ptr = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)memory);
+      if (EXPECTED(property_ptr != value)) {
+        php_proto_zval_ptr_dtor(property_ptr);
+      }
+
+      ZVAL_ZVAL(property_ptr, value, 1, 0);
+#endif
+
+      break;
+    }
+
+#define CASE_TYPE(upb_type, type, c_type, php_type)              \
+  case UPB_TYPE_##upb_type: {                                    \
+    c_type type##_value;                                         \
+    if (protobuf_convert_to_##type(value, &type##_value)) {      \
+      DEREF(memory, c_type) = type##_value;                      \
+    }                                                            \
+    break;                                                       \
+  }
+      CASE_TYPE(INT32,  int32,  int32_t,  LONG)
+      CASE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32, uint32_t, LONG)
+      CASE_TYPE(ENUM,   int32,  int32_t,  LONG)
+      CASE_TYPE(INT64,  int64,  int64_t,  LONG)
+      CASE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64, uint64_t, LONG)
+      CASE_TYPE(FLOAT,  float,  float,    DOUBLE)
+      CASE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double, double,   DOUBLE)
+      CASE_TYPE(BOOL,   bool,   int8_t,   BOOL)
+
+#undef CASE_TYPE
+
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool native_slot_set_by_array(upb_fieldtype_t type,
+                              const zend_class_entry* klass, void* memory,
+                              zval* value TSRMLS_DC) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION >= 7
+  if (Z_ISREF_P(value)) {
+    ZVAL_DEREF(value);
+  }
+#endif
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      if (!protobuf_convert_to_string(value)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (type == UPB_TYPE_STRING &&
+          !is_structurally_valid_utf8(Z_STRVAL_P(value), Z_STRLEN_P(value))) {
+        zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given string is not UTF8 encoded.");
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      // Handles repeated/map string field. Memory provided by
+      // RepeatedField/Map is not initialized.
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      MAKE_STD_ZVAL(DEREF(memory, zval*));
+      PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRINGL(DEREF(memory, zval*), Z_STRVAL_P(value),
+                             Z_STRLEN_P(value), 1);
+#else
+      *(zend_string**)memory =
+          zend_string_init(Z_STRVAL_P(value), Z_STRLEN_P(value), 0);
+#endif
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      if (Z_TYPE_P(value) != IS_OBJECT) {
+        zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given value is not message.");
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (Z_TYPE_P(value) == IS_OBJECT && klass != Z_OBJCE_P(value)) {
+        zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given message does not have correct class.");
+        return false;
+      }
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      if (EXPECTED(DEREF(memory, zval*) != value)) {
+        DEREF(memory, zval*) = value;
+        Z_ADDREF_P(value);
+      }
+#else
+      DEREF(memory, zval*) = value;
+      GC_ADDREF(Z_OBJ_P(value));
+#endif
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      return native_slot_set(type, klass, memory, value TSRMLS_CC);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool native_slot_set_by_map(upb_fieldtype_t type, const zend_class_entry* klass,
+                            void* memory, zval* value TSRMLS_DC) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION >= 7
+  if (Z_ISREF_P(value)) {
+    ZVAL_DEREF(value);
+  }
+#endif
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      if (!protobuf_convert_to_string(value)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (type == UPB_TYPE_STRING &&
+          !is_structurally_valid_utf8(Z_STRVAL_P(value), Z_STRLEN_P(value))) {
+        zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given string is not UTF8 encoded.");
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      // Handles repeated/map string field. Memory provided by
+      // RepeatedField/Map is not initialized.
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      MAKE_STD_ZVAL(DEREF(memory, zval*));
+      PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRINGL(DEREF(memory, zval*), Z_STRVAL_P(value),
+                             Z_STRLEN_P(value), 1);
+#else
+      *(zend_string**)memory =
+          zend_string_init(Z_STRVAL_P(value), Z_STRLEN_P(value), 0);
+#endif
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      if (Z_TYPE_P(value) != IS_OBJECT) {
+        zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given value is not message.");
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (Z_TYPE_P(value) == IS_OBJECT && klass != Z_OBJCE_P(value)) {
+        zend_error(E_USER_ERROR, "Given message does not have correct class.");
+        return false;
+      }
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      if (EXPECTED(DEREF(memory, zval*) != value)) {
+        DEREF(memory, zval*) = value;
+        Z_ADDREF_P(value);
+      }
+#else
+      DEREF(memory, zend_object*) = Z_OBJ_P(value);
+      GC_ADDREF(Z_OBJ_P(value));
+#endif
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      return native_slot_set(type, klass, memory, value TSRMLS_CC);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void native_slot_init(upb_fieldtype_t type, void* memory, CACHED_VALUE* cache) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      DEREF(memory, float) = 0.0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      DEREF(memory, double) = 0.0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      DEREF(memory, int8_t) = 0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      DEREF(memory, CACHED_VALUE*) = cache;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+      DEREF(memory, int32_t) = 0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+      DEREF(memory, int64_t) = 0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+      DEREF(memory, uint32_t) = 0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      DEREF(memory, uint64_t) = 0;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void native_slot_get(upb_fieldtype_t type, const void* memory,
+                     CACHED_VALUE* cache TSRMLS_DC) {
+  switch (type) {
+#define CASE(upb_type, php_type, c_type)                                   \
+  case UPB_TYPE_##upb_type:                                                \
+    PHP_PROTO_SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(cache);                             \
+    ZVAL_##php_type(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), DEREF(memory, c_type)); \
+    return;
+
+    CASE(FLOAT, DOUBLE, float)
+    CASE(DOUBLE, DOUBLE, double)
+    CASE(BOOL, BOOL, int8_t)
+    CASE(INT32, LONG, int32_t)
+    CASE(ENUM, LONG, uint32_t)
+
+#undef CASE
+
+#if SIZEOF_LONG == 4
+#define CASE(upb_type, c_type)                                       \
+  case UPB_TYPE_##upb_type: {                                        \
+    PHP_PROTO_SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(cache);                       \
+    char buffer[MAX_LENGTH_OF_INT64];                                \
+    sprintf(buffer, "%lld", DEREF(memory, c_type));                  \
+    PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), buffer, 1); \
+    return;                                                          \
+  }
+#else
+#define CASE(upb_type, c_type)                                       \
+  case UPB_TYPE_##upb_type: {                                        \
+    PHP_PROTO_SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(cache);                       \
+    ZVAL_LONG(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), DEREF(memory, c_type)); \
+    return;                                                          \
+  }
+#endif
+CASE(UINT64, uint64_t)
+CASE(INT64,  int64_t)
+#undef CASE
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32: {
+      // Prepend bit-1 for negative numbers, so that uint32 value will be
+      // consistent on both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures.
+      PHP_PROTO_SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(cache);
+      int value = DEREF(memory, int32_t);
+      if (sizeof(int) == 8) {
+        value |= (-((value >> 31) & 0x1) & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000);
+      }
+      ZVAL_LONG(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), value);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      // For optional string/bytes/message fields, the cache is owned by the
+      // containing message and should have been updated during
+      // setting/decoding. However, oneof accessor call this function by
+      // providing the return value directly, which is not the same as the cache
+      // value.
+      zval* value = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)memory);
+      if (CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache) != value) {
+        PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRINGL(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), Z_STRVAL_P(value),
+                               Z_STRLEN_P(value), 1);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      // Same as above for string/bytes fields.
+      zval* value = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)memory);
+      if (CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache) != value) {
+        ZVAL_ZVAL(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), value, 1, 0);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    default:
+      return;
+  }
+}
+
+void native_slot_get_by_array(upb_fieldtype_t type, const void* memory,
+                              CACHED_VALUE* cache TSRMLS_DC) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      zval* value = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)memory);
+      if (EXPECTED(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache) != value)) {
+        PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRINGL(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache),
+                               Z_STRVAL_P(value), Z_STRLEN_P(value), 1);
+      }
+#else
+      ZVAL_NEW_STR(cache, zend_string_dup(*(zend_string**)memory, 0));
+#endif
+      return;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      zval* value = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)memory);
+      if (EXPECTED(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache) != value)) {
+        ZVAL_ZVAL(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), value, 1, 0);
+      }
+#else
+      ZVAL_COPY(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), memory);
+#endif
+      return;
+    }
+    default:
+      native_slot_get(type, memory, cache TSRMLS_CC);
+  }
+}
+
+void native_slot_get_by_map_key(upb_fieldtype_t type, const void* memory,
+                                int length, CACHED_VALUE* cache TSRMLS_DC) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRINGL(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), memory, length, 1);
+      return;
+    }
+    default:
+      native_slot_get(type, memory, cache TSRMLS_CC);
+  }
+}
+
+void native_slot_get_by_map_value(upb_fieldtype_t type, const void* memory,
+                              CACHED_VALUE* cache TSRMLS_DC) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      zval* value = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)memory);
+      if (EXPECTED(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache) != value)) {
+        ZVAL_ZVAL(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), value, 1, 0);
+      }
+#else
+      GC_ADDREF(*(zend_object**)memory);
+      ZVAL_OBJ(cache, *(zend_object**)memory);
+#endif
+      return;
+    }
+    default:
+      native_slot_get_by_array(type, memory, cache TSRMLS_CC);
+  }
+}
+
+void native_slot_get_default(upb_fieldtype_t type,
+                             CACHED_VALUE* cache TSRMLS_DC) {
+  switch (type) {
+#define CASE(upb_type, php_type)                       \
+  case UPB_TYPE_##upb_type:                            \
+    PHP_PROTO_SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(cache);         \
+    ZVAL_##php_type(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), 0); \
+    return;
+
+    CASE(FLOAT, DOUBLE)
+    CASE(DOUBLE, DOUBLE)
+    CASE(BOOL, BOOL)
+    CASE(INT32, LONG)
+    CASE(UINT32, LONG)
+    CASE(ENUM, LONG)
+
+#undef CASE
+
+#if SIZEOF_LONG == 4
+#define CASE(upb_type)                                            \
+  case UPB_TYPE_##upb_type: {                                     \
+    PHP_PROTO_SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(cache);                    \
+    PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRING(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), "0", 1); \
+    return;                                                       \
+  }
+#else
+#define CASE(upb_type)                           \
+  case UPB_TYPE_##upb_type: {                    \
+    PHP_PROTO_SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(cache);   \
+    ZVAL_LONG(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), 0); \
+    return;                                      \
+  }
+#endif
+CASE(UINT64)
+CASE(INT64)
+#undef CASE
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      PHP_PROTO_SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(cache);
+      PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRINGL(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), "", 0, 1);
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      PHP_PROTO_SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF(cache);
+      ZVAL_NULL(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache));
+      return;
+    }
+    default:
+      return;
+  }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Map field utilities.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const upb_msgdef* tryget_map_entry_msgdef(const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  const upb_msgdef* subdef;
+  if (upb_fielddef_label(field) != UPB_LABEL_REPEATED ||
+      upb_fielddef_type(field) != UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  subdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+  return upb_msgdef_mapentry(subdef) ? subdef : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef* map_entry_msgdef(const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  const upb_msgdef* subdef = tryget_map_entry_msgdef(field);
+  assert(subdef);
+  return subdef;
+}
+
+bool is_map_field(const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  return tryget_map_entry_msgdef(field) != NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef* map_field_key(const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  const upb_msgdef* subdef = map_entry_msgdef(field);
+  return map_entry_key(subdef);
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef* map_field_value(const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  const upb_msgdef* subdef = map_entry_msgdef(field);
+  return map_entry_value(subdef);
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef* map_entry_key(const upb_msgdef* msgdef) {
+  const upb_fielddef* key_field = upb_msgdef_itof(msgdef, MAP_KEY_FIELD);
+  assert(key_field != NULL);
+  return key_field;
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef* map_entry_value(const upb_msgdef* msgdef) {
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(msgdef, MAP_VALUE_FIELD);
+  assert(value_field != NULL);
+  return value_field;
+}
+
+const zend_class_entry* field_type_class(
+    const upb_fielddef* field PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+  if (upb_fielddef_type(field) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    DescriptorInternal* desc = get_msgdef_desc(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field));
+    register_class(desc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+    return desc->klass;
+  } else if (upb_fielddef_type(field) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM) {
+    EnumDescriptorInternal* desc =
+        get_enumdef_enumdesc(upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(field));
+    register_class(desc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+    return desc->klass;
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Memory layout management.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static size_t align_up_to(size_t offset, size_t granularity) {
+  // Granularity must be a power of two.
+  return (offset + granularity - 1) & ~(granularity - 1);
+}
+
+uint32_t* slot_oneof_case(MessageLayout* layout, const void* storage,
+                          const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  return (uint32_t*)(((uint8_t*)storage) +
+                     layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].case_offset);
+}
+
+void* slot_memory(MessageLayout* layout, const void* storage,
+                         const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  return ((uint8_t*)storage) + layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].offset;
+}
+
+MessageLayout* create_layout(const upb_msgdef* msgdef) {
+  MessageLayout* layout = SYS_MALLOC(MessageLayout);
+  int nfields = upb_msgdef_numfields(msgdef);
+  upb_msg_field_iter it;
+  upb_msg_oneof_iter oit;
+  size_t off = 0;
+  int i = 0;
+
+  // Reserve space for unknown fields.
+  off += sizeof(void*);
+
+  layout->empty_template = NULL;
+
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  DescriptorInternal* desc = get_msgdef_desc(msgdef);
+  register_class(desc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+  layout->fields = SYS_MALLOC_N(MessageField, nfields);
+
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, msgdef); !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    size_t field_size;
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field)) {
+      // Oneofs are handled separately below.
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Allocate |field_size| bytes for this field in the layout.
+    field_size = 0;
+    if (upb_fielddef_label(field) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+      field_size = sizeof(zval*);
+    } else {
+      field_size = native_slot_size(upb_fielddef_type(field));
+    }
+
+    // Align current offset up to | size | granularity.
+    off = align_up_to(off, field_size);
+    layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].offset = off;
+    layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].case_offset =
+        MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_CASE;
+
+    const char* fieldname = upb_fielddef_name(field);
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7 || (PHP_MAJOR_VERSION == 7 && PHP_MINOR_VERSION == 0)
+    zend_class_entry* old_scope = EG(scope);
+    EG(scope) = desc->klass;
+#else
+    zend_class_entry* old_scope = EG(fake_scope);
+    EG(fake_scope) = desc->klass;
+#endif
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    zval member;
+    ZVAL_STRINGL(&member, fieldname, strlen(fieldname), 0);
+    zend_property_info* property_info =
+        zend_get_property_info(desc->klass, &member, true TSRMLS_CC);
+#else
+    zend_string* member = zend_string_init(fieldname, strlen(fieldname), 1);
+    zend_property_info* property_info =
+        zend_get_property_info(desc->klass, member, true);
+    zend_string_release(member);
+#endif
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7 || (PHP_MAJOR_VERSION == 7 && PHP_MINOR_VERSION == 0)
+    EG(scope) = old_scope;
+#else
+    EG(fake_scope) = old_scope;
+#endif
+
+    layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].cache_index =
+        property_info->offset;
+    off += field_size;
+  }
+
+  // Handle oneofs now -- we iterate over oneofs specifically and allocate only
+  // one slot per oneof.
+  //
+  // We assign all value slots first, then pack the 'case' fields at the end,
+  // since in the common case (modern 64-bit platform) these are 8 bytes and 4
+  // bytes respectively and we want to avoid alignment overhead.
+  //
+  // Note that we reserve 4 bytes (a uint32) per 'case' slot because the value
+  // space for oneof cases is conceptually as wide as field tag numbers.  In
+  // practice, it's unlikely that a oneof would have more than e.g.  256 or 64K
+  // members (8 or 16 bits respectively), so conceivably we could assign
+  // consecutive case numbers and then pick a smaller oneof case slot size, but
+  // the complexity to implement this indirection is probably not worthwhile.
+  for (upb_msg_oneof_begin(&oit, msgdef); !upb_msg_oneof_done(&oit);
+       upb_msg_oneof_next(&oit)) {
+    const upb_oneofdef* oneof = upb_msg_iter_oneof(&oit);
+    upb_oneof_iter fit;
+
+    // Always allocate NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE bytes, but share the slot between
+    // all fields.
+    size_t field_size = NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE;
+    // Align the offset .
+    off = align_up_to( off, field_size);
+    // Assign all fields in the oneof this same offset.
+    const char* oneofname = upb_oneofdef_name(oneof);
+    for (upb_oneof_begin(&fit, oneof); !upb_oneof_done(&fit);
+         upb_oneof_next(&fit)) {
+      const upb_fielddef* field = upb_oneof_iter_field(&fit);
+      layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].offset = off;
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7 || (PHP_MAJOR_VERSION == 7 && PHP_MINOR_VERSION == 0)
+      zend_class_entry* old_scope = EG(scope);
+      EG(scope) = desc->klass;
+#else
+      zend_class_entry* old_scope = EG(fake_scope);
+      EG(fake_scope) = desc->klass;
+#endif
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      zval member;
+      ZVAL_STRINGL(&member, oneofname, strlen(oneofname), 0);
+      zend_property_info* property_info =
+          zend_get_property_info(desc->klass, &member, true TSRMLS_CC);
+#else
+      zend_string* member = zend_string_init(oneofname, strlen(oneofname), 1);
+      zend_property_info* property_info =
+          zend_get_property_info(desc->klass, member, true);
+      zend_string_release(member);
+#endif
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7 || (PHP_MAJOR_VERSION == 7 && PHP_MINOR_VERSION == 0)
+      EG(scope) = old_scope;
+#else
+      EG(fake_scope) = old_scope;
+#endif
+
+      layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].cache_index =
+          property_info->offset;
+    }
+    i++;
+    off += field_size;
+  }
+
+  // Now the case offset.
+  for (upb_msg_oneof_begin(&oit, msgdef); !upb_msg_oneof_done(&oit);
+       upb_msg_oneof_next(&oit)) {
+    const upb_oneofdef* oneof = upb_msg_iter_oneof(&oit);
+    upb_oneof_iter fit;
+
+    size_t field_size = sizeof(uint32_t);
+    // Align the offset .
+    off = (off + field_size - 1) & ~(field_size - 1);
+    // Assign all fields in the oneof this same offset.
+    for (upb_oneof_begin(&fit, oneof); !upb_oneof_done(&fit);
+         upb_oneof_next(&fit)) {
+      const upb_fielddef* field = upb_oneof_iter_field(&fit);
+      layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].case_offset = off;
+    }
+    off += field_size;
+  }
+
+  layout->size = off;
+  layout->msgdef = msgdef;
+
+  // Create the empty message template.
+  layout->empty_template = SYS_MALLOC_N(char, layout->size);
+  memset(layout->empty_template, 0, layout->size);
+
+  return layout;
+}
+
+void free_layout(MessageLayout* layout) {
+  SYS_FREE(layout->empty_template);
+  SYS_FREE(layout->fields);
+  SYS_FREE(layout);
+}
+
+void layout_init(MessageLayout* layout, void* storage,
+                 zend_object* object PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+  memcpy(storage, layout->empty_template, layout->size);
+}
+
+// Switch memory for processing for singular fields based on field type.
+//   * primitive fields: memory
+//   * others (string, bytes and message): cache (the correspond zval
+//   property)
+static void* value_memory(
+    upb_fieldtype_t type, void* memory, CACHED_VALUE* cache) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return cache;
+    default:
+      // No operation
+      break;
+  }
+  return memory;
+}
+
+CACHED_VALUE* find_zval_property(
+    MessageHeader* header, const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  int property_cache_index =
+      header->descriptor->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)]
+          .cache_index;
+  return OBJ_PROP(&header->std, property_cache_index);
+}
+
+zval* layout_get(MessageLayout* layout, MessageHeader* header,
+                 const upb_fielddef* field, CACHED_VALUE* cache TSRMLS_DC) {
+  const void* storage = message_data(header);
+  void* memory = slot_memory(layout, storage, field);
+  uint32_t* oneof_case = slot_oneof_case(layout, storage, field);
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field)) {
+    if (*oneof_case != upb_fielddef_number(field)) {
+      native_slot_get_default(upb_fielddef_type(field), cache TSRMLS_CC);
+      return CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache);
+    }
+    // Intentional fall through to be handled as a signuarl field.
+  } else if (is_map_field(field)) {
+    map_field_ensure_created(field, cache PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+    return CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache);
+  } else if (upb_fielddef_label(field) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    repeated_field_ensure_created(field, cache PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+    return CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache);
+  }
+
+  CACHED_VALUE* stored_cache = find_zval_property(header, field);
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_type(field) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+      is_wrapper_msg(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field))) {
+    zval * cached_zval = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(stored_cache);
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION >= 7
+    zend_object* obj;
+#endif
+    if (Z_TYPE_P(cached_zval) != IS_OBJECT &&
+        Z_TYPE_P(cached_zval) != IS_NULL) {
+      // Needs to expand value to wrapper.
+      const upb_msgdef* submsgdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+      const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(submsgdef, 1);
+      MessageHeader* submsg;
+      DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(submsgdef);
+      register_class(subdesc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+      zend_class_entry* subklass = subdesc->klass;
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      zval* val = NULL;
+      MAKE_STD_ZVAL(val);
+      ZVAL_OBJ(val, subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC));
+      submsg = UNBOX(MessageHeader, val);
+#else
+      obj = subklass->create_object(subklass TSRMLS_CC);
+      submsg = (MessageHeader*)((char*)obj - XtOffsetOf(MessageHeader, std));
+#endif
+      custom_data_init(subklass, submsg PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+
+      layout_set(subdesc->layout, submsg, value_field, cached_zval TSRMLS_CC);
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      ZVAL_ZVAL(cached_zval, val, 1, 1);
+#else
+      ZVAL_OBJ(cached_zval, obj);
+#endif
+    }
+    if (stored_cache != cache) {
+      ZVAL_ZVAL(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache), cached_zval, 1, 0);
+    }
+  } else {
+    upb_fieldtype_t type = upb_fielddef_type(field);
+    native_slot_get(type, value_memory(type, memory, stored_cache),
+                    cache TSRMLS_CC);
+  }
+  return CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cache);
+}
+
+void layout_set(MessageLayout* layout, MessageHeader* header,
+                const upb_fielddef* field, zval* val TSRMLS_DC) {
+  void* storage = message_data(header);
+  void* memory = slot_memory(layout, storage, field);
+  uint32_t* oneof_case = slot_oneof_case(layout, storage, field);
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field)) {
+    *oneof_case = upb_fielddef_number(field);
+  } else if (upb_fielddef_label(field) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    // Works for both repeated and map fields
+    CACHED_VALUE* cached = find_zval_property(header, field);
+    zval* property_ptr = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(cached);
+
+    if (EXPECTED(property_ptr != val)) {
+      zend_class_entry *subce = NULL;
+      zval converted_value;
+
+      if (upb_fielddef_ismap(field)) {
+        const upb_msgdef* mapmsg = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+        const upb_fielddef* keyfield = upb_msgdef_ntof(mapmsg, "key", 3);
+        const upb_fielddef* valuefield = upb_msgdef_ntof(mapmsg, "value", 5);
+        if (upb_fielddef_descriptortype(valuefield) ==
+            UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+          const upb_msgdef* submsg = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(valuefield);
+          DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(submsg);
+          register_class(subdesc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+          subce = subdesc->klass;
+        }
+        check_map_field(subce, upb_fielddef_descriptortype(keyfield),
+                        upb_fielddef_descriptortype(valuefield), val,
+                        &converted_value);
+      } else {
+        if (upb_fielddef_type(field) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+          const upb_msgdef* submsg = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+          DescriptorInternal* subdesc = get_msgdef_desc(submsg);
+          register_class(subdesc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+          subce = subdesc->klass;
+        }
+
+        check_repeated_field(subce, upb_fielddef_descriptortype(field), val,
+                             &converted_value);
+      }
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      REPLACE_ZVAL_VALUE((zval**)cached, &converted_value, 1);
+#else
+      php_proto_zval_ptr_dtor(property_ptr);
+      ZVAL_ZVAL(property_ptr, &converted_value, 1, 0);
+#endif
+      zval_dtor(&converted_value);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  upb_fieldtype_t type = upb_fielddef_type(field);
+  zend_class_entry *ce = NULL;
+  if (type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    const upb_msgdef* msg = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+    DescriptorInternal* desc = get_msgdef_desc(msg);
+    register_class(desc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+    ce = desc->klass;
+  }
+  CACHED_VALUE* cache = find_zval_property(header, field);
+  native_slot_set(
+      type, ce, value_memory(upb_fielddef_type(field), memory, cache),
+      val TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+static void native_slot_merge(
+    const upb_fielddef* field, const void* from_memory,
+    void* to_memory PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+  upb_fieldtype_t type = upb_fielddef_type(field);
+  zend_class_entry* ce = NULL;
+  if (!native_slot_is_default(type, from_memory)) {
+    switch (type) {
+#define CASE_TYPE(upb_type, c_type)                        \
+  case UPB_TYPE_##upb_type: {                              \
+    DEREF(to_memory, c_type) = DEREF(from_memory, c_type); \
+    break;                                                 \
+  }
+      CASE_TYPE(INT32, int32_t)
+      CASE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32_t)
+      CASE_TYPE(ENUM, int32_t)
+      CASE_TYPE(INT64, int64_t)
+      CASE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64_t)
+      CASE_TYPE(FLOAT, float)
+      CASE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double)
+      CASE_TYPE(BOOL, int8_t)
+
+#undef CASE_TYPE
+      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+        native_slot_set(type, NULL, to_memory,
+                        CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(from_memory) PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        const upb_msgdef* msg = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+        DescriptorInternal* desc = get_msgdef_desc(msg);
+        register_class(desc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+        ce = desc->klass;
+        if (native_slot_is_default(type, to_memory)) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+          SEPARATE_ZVAL_IF_NOT_REF((zval**)to_memory);
+#endif
+          CREATE_OBJ_ON_ALLOCATED_ZVAL_PTR(
+              CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(to_memory), ce);
+          MessageHeader* submsg =
+              UNBOX(MessageHeader, CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(to_memory));
+          custom_data_init(ce, submsg PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+        }
+
+        MessageHeader* sub_from =
+            UNBOX(MessageHeader,
+                  CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(from_memory));
+        MessageHeader* sub_to =
+            UNBOX(MessageHeader,
+                  CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(to_memory));
+
+        layout_merge(desc->layout, sub_from, sub_to PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void native_slot_merge_by_array(const upb_fielddef* field, const void* from_memory,
+                         void* to_memory PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+  upb_fieldtype_t type = upb_fielddef_type(field);
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      MAKE_STD_ZVAL(DEREF(to_memory, zval*));
+      PHP_PROTO_ZVAL_STRINGL(DEREF(to_memory, zval*),
+                             Z_STRVAL_P(*(zval**)from_memory),
+                             Z_STRLEN_P(*(zval**)from_memory), 1);
+#else
+      DEREF(to_memory, zend_string*) =
+          zend_string_dup(*(zend_string**)from_memory, 0);
+#endif
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      DescriptorInternal* desc = get_msgdef_desc(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field));
+      register_class(desc, false TSRMLS_CC);
+      zend_class_entry* ce = desc->klass;
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+      MAKE_STD_ZVAL(DEREF(to_memory, zval*));
+      CREATE_OBJ_ON_ALLOCATED_ZVAL_PTR(DEREF(to_memory, zval*), ce);
+#else
+      DEREF(to_memory, zend_object*) = ce->create_object(ce TSRMLS_CC);
+#endif
+      MessageHeader* sub_from = UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(
+          MessageHeader, DEREF(from_memory, PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE));
+      MessageHeader* sub_to = UNBOX_HASHTABLE_VALUE(
+          MessageHeader, DEREF(to_memory, PHP_PROTO_HASHTABLE_VALUE));
+      custom_data_init(ce, sub_to PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+
+      layout_merge(desc->layout, sub_from, sub_to PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      native_slot_merge(field, from_memory, to_memory PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void layout_merge(MessageLayout* layout, MessageHeader* from,
+                  MessageHeader* to PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_DC) {
+  int i, j;
+  upb_msg_field_iter it;
+
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, layout->msgdef), i = 0; !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it), i++) {
+    const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+
+    void* to_memory = slot_memory(layout, message_data(to), field);
+    void* from_memory = slot_memory(layout, message_data(from), field);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field)) {
+      uint32_t oneof_case_offset =
+          layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].case_offset;
+      // For a oneof, check that this field is actually present -- skip all the
+      // below if not.
+      if (DEREF((message_data(from) + oneof_case_offset), uint32_t) !=
+          upb_fielddef_number(field)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      uint32_t* from_oneof_case = slot_oneof_case(layout, message_data(from), field);
+      uint32_t* to_oneof_case = slot_oneof_case(layout, message_data(to), field);
+
+      // For non-singular fields, the related memory needs to point to the
+      // actual zval in properties table first.
+      switch (upb_fielddef_type(field)) {
+        case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+        case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+          int property_cache_index =
+              layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].cache_index;
+          DEREF(to_memory, CACHED_VALUE*) =
+              OBJ_PROP(&to->std, property_cache_index);
+          break;
+        }
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+
+      *to_oneof_case = *from_oneof_case;
+
+      // Otherwise, fall through to the appropriate singular-field handler
+      // below.
+    }
+
+    if (is_map_field(field)) {
+      int size, key_length, value_length;
+      MapIter map_it;
+
+      CACHED_VALUE* from_cache = find_zval_property(from, field);
+      CACHED_VALUE* to_cache = find_zval_property(to, field);
+
+      if (Z_TYPE_P(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(from_cache)) == IS_NULL) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      map_field_ensure_created(field, to_cache PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+
+      zval* to_map_php = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(to_cache);
+      zval* from_map_php = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(from_cache);
+
+      Map* to_map = UNBOX(Map, to_map_php);
+      Map* from_map = UNBOX(Map, from_map_php);
+
+      size = upb_strtable_count(&from_map->table);
+      if (size == 0) continue;
+
+      const upb_msgdef *mapentry_def = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+      const upb_fielddef *value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(mapentry_def, 2);
+
+      for (map_begin(from_map_php, &map_it TSRMLS_CC); !map_done(&map_it);
+           map_next(&map_it)) {
+        const char* key = map_iter_key(&map_it, &key_length);
+        upb_value from_value = map_iter_value(&map_it, &value_length);
+        upb_value to_value;
+        void* from_mem = upb_value_memory(&from_value);
+        void* to_mem = upb_value_memory(&to_value);
+        memset(to_mem, 0, native_slot_size(to_map->value_type));
+
+        native_slot_merge_by_array(value_field, from_mem,
+                                   to_mem PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+
+        map_index_set(to_map, key, key_length, to_value);
+      }
+
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_label(field) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+      CACHED_VALUE* from_cache = find_zval_property(from, field);
+      CACHED_VALUE* to_cache = find_zval_property(to, field);
+
+      if (Z_TYPE_P(CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(from_cache)) == IS_NULL) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      repeated_field_ensure_created(field, to_cache PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+
+      zval* to_array_php = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(to_cache);
+      zval* from_array_php = CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR(from_cache);
+      RepeatedField* to_array = UNBOX(RepeatedField, to_array_php);
+      RepeatedField* from_array = UNBOX(RepeatedField, from_array_php);
+
+      int size = zend_hash_num_elements(PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(from_array->array));
+      if (size > 0) {
+        for (j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+          void* from_memory = NULL;
+          void* to_memory =
+              ALLOC_N(char, native_slot_size(upb_fielddef_type(field)));
+          memset(to_memory, 0, native_slot_size(upb_fielddef_type(field)));
+
+          if (to_array->type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+            php_proto_zend_hash_index_find_zval(
+                PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(from_array->array), j, (void**)&from_memory);
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION >= 7
+            from_memory = &Z_OBJ_P((zval*)from_memory);
+#endif
+          } else {
+            php_proto_zend_hash_index_find_mem(
+                PHP_PROTO_HASH_OF(from_array->array), j, (void**)&from_memory);
+          }
+
+          native_slot_merge_by_array(field, from_memory,
+                                     to_memory PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+          repeated_field_push_native(to_array, to_memory);
+          FREE(to_memory);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (upb_fielddef_type(field)) {
+        case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+        case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+        case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+          CACHED_VALUE* from_cache = find_zval_property(from, field);
+          CACHED_VALUE* to_cache = find_zval_property(to, field);
+          native_slot_merge(field, from_cache, to_cache PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+          break;
+        }
+        default:
+          native_slot_merge(field, from_memory, to_memory PHP_PROTO_TSRMLS_CC);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const char* layout_get_oneof_case(MessageLayout* layout, const void* storage,
+                                  const upb_oneofdef* oneof TSRMLS_DC) {
+  upb_oneof_iter i;
+  const upb_fielddef* first_field = NULL;
+
+  // Oneof is guaranteed to have at least one field. Get the first field.
+  for(upb_oneof_begin(&i, oneof); !upb_oneof_done(&i); upb_oneof_next(&i)) {
+    first_field = upb_oneof_iter_field(&i);
+    break;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t* oneof_case = slot_oneof_case(layout, storage, first_field);
+  if (*oneof_case == 0) {
+    return "";
+  }
+  const upb_fielddef* field = upb_oneofdef_itof(oneof, *oneof_case);
+  return upb_fielddef_name(field);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/type_check.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/type_check.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84d06be7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/type_check.c
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+//                The Zend Engine License, version 2.00
+// Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Zend Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, is permitted provided that the following conditions
+// are met:
+//
+//   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+//      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//
+//   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+//      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+//      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+//      with the distribution.
+//
+//   3. The names "Zend" and "Zend Engine" must not be used to endorse
+//      or promote products derived from this software without prior
+//      permission from Zend Technologies Ltd. For written permission,
+//      please contact license@zend.com.
+//
+//   4. Zend Technologies Ltd. may publish revised and/or new versions
+//      of the license from time to time. Each version will be given a
+//      distinguishing version number.
+//      Once covered code has been published under a particular version
+//      of the license, you may always continue to use it under the
+//      terms of that version. You may also choose to use such covered
+//      code under the terms of any subsequent version of the license
+//      published by Zend Technologies Ltd. No one other than Zend
+//      Technologies Ltd. has the right to modify the terms applicable
+//      to covered code created under this License.
+//
+//   5. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
+//      acknowledgment:
+//      "This product includes the Zend Engine, freely available at
+//      http://www.zend.com"
+//
+//   6. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
+//      software must display the following acknowledgment:
+//      "The Zend Engine is freely available at http://www.zend.com"
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ZEND TECHNOLOGIES LTD. ``AS IS'' AND
+// ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+// PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ZEND
+// TECHNOLOGIES LTD.  BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+// USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+// ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+// OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+// OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+// SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <Zend/zend_operators.h>
+#include <Zend/zend_exceptions.h>
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+static zend_class_entry* util_type;
+static const char int64_min_digits[] = "9223372036854775808";
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(arg_check_optional, 0, 0, 1)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(1, val)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(arg_check_message, 0, 0, 2)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(1, val)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, klass)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(arg_check_repeated, 0, 0, 2)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(1, val)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, type)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, klass)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()
+
+ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(arg_check_map, 0, 0, 3)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(1, val)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, key_type)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, value_type)
+  ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, klass)
+ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()
+
+static zend_function_entry util_methods[] = {
+  PHP_ME(Util, checkInt32,  arg_check_optional, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Util, checkUint32, arg_check_optional, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Util, checkInt64,  arg_check_optional, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Util, checkUint64, arg_check_optional, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Util, checkEnum,   arg_check_optional, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Util, checkFloat,  arg_check_optional, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Util, checkDouble, arg_check_optional, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Util, checkBool,   arg_check_optional, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Util, checkString, arg_check_optional, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Util, checkBytes,  arg_check_optional, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Util, checkMessage, arg_check_message, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Util, checkMapField,    arg_check_map, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  PHP_ME(Util, checkRepeatedField, arg_check_repeated,
+         ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_STATIC)
+  ZEND_FE_END
+};
+
+void util_init(TSRMLS_D) {
+  zend_class_entry class_type;
+  INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(class_type, "Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\GPBUtil",
+                   util_methods);
+  util_type = zend_register_internal_class(&class_type TSRMLS_CC);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Type checking/conversion.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// This is modified from is_numeric_string in zend_operators.h. The behavior of
+// this function is the same as is_numeric_string, except that this takes
+// int64_t as input instead of long.
+static zend_uchar convert_numeric_string(
+    const char *str, int length, int64_t *lval, double *dval) {
+  const char *ptr;
+  int base = 10, digits = 0, dp_or_e = 0;
+  double local_dval = 0.0;
+  zend_uchar type;
+
+  if (length == 0) {
+    return IS_NULL;
+  }
+
+  while (*str == ' ' || *str == '\t' || *str == '\n' ||
+         *str == '\r' || *str == '\v' || *str == '\f') {
+    str++;
+    length--;
+  }
+  ptr = str;
+
+  if (*ptr == '-' || *ptr == '+') {
+    ptr++;
+  }
+
+  if (ZEND_IS_DIGIT(*ptr)) {
+    // Handle hex numbers
+    // str is used instead of ptr to disallow signs and keep old behavior.
+    if (length > 2 && *str == '0' && (str[1] == 'x' || str[1] == 'X')) {
+      base = 16;
+      ptr += 2;
+    }
+
+    // Skip any leading 0s.
+    while (*ptr == '0') {
+      ptr++;
+    }
+
+    // Count the number of digits. If a decimal point/exponent is found,
+    // it's a double. Otherwise, if there's a dval or no need to check for
+    // a full match, stop when there are too many digits for a int64 */
+    for (type = IS_LONG;
+        !(digits >= MAX_LENGTH_OF_INT64 && dval);
+        digits++, ptr++) {
+check_digits:
+      if (ZEND_IS_DIGIT(*ptr) || (base == 16 && ZEND_IS_XDIGIT(*ptr))) {
+        continue;
+      } else if (base == 10) {
+        if (*ptr == '.' && dp_or_e < 1) {
+          goto process_double;
+        } else if ((*ptr == 'e' || *ptr == 'E') && dp_or_e < 2) {
+          const char *e = ptr + 1;
+
+          if (*e == '-' || *e == '+') {
+            ptr = e++;
+          }
+          if (ZEND_IS_DIGIT(*e)) {
+            goto process_double;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (base == 10) {
+      if (digits >= MAX_LENGTH_OF_INT64) {
+        dp_or_e = -1;
+        goto process_double;
+      }
+    } else if (!(digits < SIZEOF_INT64 * 2 ||
+               (digits == SIZEOF_INT64 * 2 && ptr[-digits] <= '7'))) {
+      if (dval) {
+        local_dval = zend_hex_strtod(str, &ptr);
+      }
+      type = IS_DOUBLE;
+    }
+  } else if (*ptr == '.' && ZEND_IS_DIGIT(ptr[1])) {
+process_double:
+    type = IS_DOUBLE;
+
+    // If there's a dval, do the conversion; else continue checking
+    // the digits if we need to check for a full match.
+    if (dval) {
+      local_dval = zend_strtod(str, &ptr);
+    } else if (dp_or_e != -1) {
+      dp_or_e = (*ptr++ == '.') ? 1 : 2;
+      goto check_digits;
+    }
+  } else {
+    return IS_NULL;
+  }
+  if (ptr != str + length) {
+    zend_error(E_NOTICE, "A non well formed numeric value encountered");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (type == IS_LONG) {
+    if (digits == MAX_LENGTH_OF_INT64 - 1) {
+      int cmp = strcmp(&ptr[-digits], int64_min_digits);
+
+      if (!(cmp < 0 || (cmp == 0 && *str == '-'))) {
+        if (dval) {
+          *dval = zend_strtod(str, NULL);
+        }
+
+	return IS_DOUBLE;
+      }
+    }
+    if (lval) {
+      *lval = strtoll(str, NULL, base);
+    }
+    return IS_LONG;
+  } else {
+    if (dval) {
+      *dval = local_dval;
+    }
+    return IS_DOUBLE;
+  }
+}
+
+#define CONVERT_TO_INTEGER(type)                                             \
+  static bool convert_int64_to_##type(int64_t val, type##_t* type##_value) { \
+    *type##_value = (type##_t)val;                                           \
+    return true;                                                             \
+  }                                                                          \
+                                                                             \
+  static bool convert_double_to_##type(double val, type##_t* type##_value) { \
+    *type##_value = (type##_t)zend_dval_to_lval(val);                        \
+    return true;                                                             \
+  }                                                                          \
+                                                                             \
+  static bool convert_string_to_##type(const char* val, int len,             \
+                                       type##_t* type##_value) {             \
+    int64_t lval;                                                            \
+    double dval;                                                             \
+    TSRMLS_FETCH();                                                          \
+    switch (convert_numeric_string(val, len, &lval, &dval)) {                \
+      case IS_DOUBLE: {                                                      \
+        return convert_double_to_##type(dval, type##_value);                 \
+      }                                                                      \
+      case IS_LONG: {                                                        \
+        return convert_int64_to_##type(lval, type##_value);                  \
+      }                                                                      \
+      default:                                                               \
+        zend_throw_exception(NULL,                                           \
+                   "Given string value cannot be converted to integer.",     \
+                   0 TSRMLS_CC);                                             \
+        return false;                                                        \
+    }                                                                        \
+  }                                                                          \
+                                                                             \
+  bool protobuf_convert_to_##type(zval* from, type##_t* to) {                \
+    TSRMLS_FETCH();                                                          \
+    switch (Z_TYPE_P(from)) {                                                \
+      case IS_LONG: {                                                        \
+        return convert_int64_to_##type(Z_LVAL_P(from), to);                  \
+      }                                                                      \
+      case IS_DOUBLE: {                                                      \
+        return convert_double_to_##type(Z_DVAL_P(from), to);                 \
+      }                                                                      \
+      case IS_STRING: {                                                      \
+        return convert_string_to_##type(Z_STRVAL_P(from), Z_STRLEN_P(from),  \
+                                        to);                                 \
+      }                                                                      \
+      default: {                                                             \
+        zend_throw_exception(NULL,                                           \
+                   "Given value cannot be converted to integer.",            \
+                   0 TSRMLS_CC);                                             \
+        return false;                                                        \
+      }                                                                      \
+    }                                                                        \
+    return false;                                                            \
+  }
+
+CONVERT_TO_INTEGER(int32);
+CONVERT_TO_INTEGER(uint32);
+CONVERT_TO_INTEGER(int64);
+CONVERT_TO_INTEGER(uint64);
+
+#undef CONVERT_TO_INTEGER
+
+#define CONVERT_TO_FLOAT(type)                                              \
+  static bool convert_int64_to_##type(int64_t val, type* type##_value) {    \
+    *type##_value = (type)val;                                              \
+    return true;                                                            \
+  }                                                                         \
+                                                                            \
+  static bool convert_double_to_##type(double val, type* type##_value) {    \
+    *type##_value = (type)val;                                              \
+    return true;                                                            \
+  }                                                                         \
+                                                                            \
+  static bool convert_string_to_##type(const char* val, int len,            \
+                                       type* type##_value) {                \
+    int64_t lval;                                                           \
+    double dval;                                                            \
+                                                                            \
+    TSRMLS_FETCH();                                                         \
+    switch (convert_numeric_string(val, len, &lval, &dval)) {               \
+      case IS_DOUBLE: {                                                     \
+        *type##_value = (type)dval;                                         \
+        return true;                                                        \
+      }                                                                     \
+      case IS_LONG: {                                                       \
+        *type##_value = (type)lval;                                         \
+        return true;                                                        \
+      }                                                                     \
+      default:                                                              \
+        zend_throw_exception(NULL,                                          \
+                   "Given string value cannot be converted to integer.",    \
+                   0 TSRMLS_CC);                                            \
+        return false;                                                       \
+    }                                                                       \
+  }                                                                         \
+                                                                            \
+  bool protobuf_convert_to_##type(zval* from, type* to) {                   \
+    TSRMLS_FETCH();                                                         \
+    switch (Z_TYPE_P(from)) {                                               \
+      case IS_LONG: {                                                       \
+        return convert_int64_to_##type(Z_LVAL_P(from), to);                 \
+      }                                                                     \
+      case IS_DOUBLE: {                                                     \
+        return convert_double_to_##type(Z_DVAL_P(from), to);                \
+      }                                                                     \
+      case IS_STRING: {                                                     \
+        return convert_string_to_##type(Z_STRVAL_P(from), Z_STRLEN_P(from), \
+                                        to);                                \
+      }                                                                     \
+      default: {                                                            \
+        zend_throw_exception(NULL,                                          \
+                   "Given value cannot be converted to integer.",           \
+                   0 TSRMLS_CC);                                            \
+        return false;                                                       \
+      }                                                                     \
+    }                                                                       \
+    return false;                                                           \
+  }
+
+CONVERT_TO_FLOAT(float);
+CONVERT_TO_FLOAT(double);
+
+#undef CONVERT_TO_FLOAT
+
+bool protobuf_convert_to_bool(zval* from, int8_t* to) {
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  switch (Z_TYPE_P(from)) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    case IS_BOOL:
+      *to = (int8_t)Z_BVAL_P(from);
+      break;
+#else
+    case IS_TRUE:
+      *to = 1;
+      break;
+    case IS_FALSE:
+      *to = 0;
+      break;
+#endif
+    case IS_LONG:
+      *to = (int8_t)(Z_LVAL_P(from) != 0);
+      break;
+    case IS_DOUBLE:
+      *to = (int8_t)(Z_LVAL_P(from) != 0);
+      break;
+    case IS_STRING: {
+      if (Z_STRLEN_P(from) == 0 ||
+          (Z_STRLEN_P(from) == 1 && Z_STRVAL_P(from)[0] == '0')) {
+        *to = 0;
+      } else {
+        *to = 1;
+      }
+    } break;
+    default: {
+      zend_throw_exception(
+          NULL, "Given value cannot be converted to bool.",
+          0 TSRMLS_CC);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool protobuf_convert_to_string(zval* from) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION >= 7
+  if (Z_ISREF_P(from)) {
+    ZVAL_DEREF(from);
+  }
+#endif
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  switch (Z_TYPE_P(from)) {
+    case IS_STRING: {
+      return true;
+    }
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    case IS_BOOL:
+#else
+    case IS_TRUE:
+    case IS_FALSE:
+#endif
+    case IS_LONG:
+    case IS_DOUBLE: {
+      zval tmp;
+      php_proto_zend_make_printable_zval(from, &tmp);
+      ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(from, &tmp);
+      return true;
+    }
+    default:
+      zend_throw_exception(
+          NULL, "Given value cannot be converted to string.",
+          0 TSRMLS_CC);
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PHP Functions.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// The implementation of type checking for primitive fields is empty. This is
+// because type checking is done when direct assigning message fields (e.g.,
+// foo->a = 1). Functions defined here are place holders in generated code for
+// pure PHP implementation (c extension and pure PHP share the same generated
+// code).
+#define PHP_TYPE_CHECK(type) \
+  PHP_METHOD(Util, check##type) {}
+
+PHP_TYPE_CHECK(Int32)
+PHP_TYPE_CHECK(Uint32)
+PHP_TYPE_CHECK(Int64)
+PHP_TYPE_CHECK(Uint64)
+PHP_TYPE_CHECK(Enum)
+PHP_TYPE_CHECK(Float)
+PHP_TYPE_CHECK(Double)
+PHP_TYPE_CHECK(Bool)
+PHP_TYPE_CHECK(String)
+PHP_TYPE_CHECK(Bytes)
+
+#undef PHP_TYPE_CHECK
+
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkMessage) {
+  zval* val;
+  zend_class_entry* klass = NULL;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "o!C", &val, &klass) ==
+      FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (val == NULL) {
+    RETURN_NULL();
+  }
+  if (!instanceof_function(Z_OBJCE_P(val), klass TSRMLS_CC)) {
+    zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+                            "Given value is not an instance of %s.",
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+                            klass->name);
+#else
+                            ZSTR_VAL(klass->name));
+#endif
+    return;
+  }
+  RETURN_ZVAL(val, 1, 0);
+}
+
+void check_repeated_field(const zend_class_entry* klass, PHP_PROTO_LONG type,
+                          zval* val, zval* return_value) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION >= 7
+  if (Z_ISREF_P(val)) {
+    ZVAL_DEREF(val);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  if (Z_TYPE_P(val) == IS_ARRAY) {
+    HashTable* table = HASH_OF(val);
+    HashPosition pointer;
+    void* memory;
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    zval* repeated_field;
+    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(repeated_field);
+#else
+    zval repeated_field;
+#endif
+
+    repeated_field_create_with_type(repeated_field_type, to_fieldtype(type),
+                                    klass, &repeated_field TSRMLS_CC);
+
+    for (zend_hash_internal_pointer_reset_ex(table, &pointer);
+         php_proto_zend_hash_get_current_data_ex(table, (void**)&memory,
+                                                 &pointer) == SUCCESS;
+         zend_hash_move_forward_ex(table, &pointer)) {
+      repeated_field_handlers->write_dimension(
+          CACHED_TO_ZVAL_PTR(repeated_field), NULL,
+          CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)memory) TSRMLS_CC);
+    }
+
+    RETURN_ZVAL(CACHED_TO_ZVAL_PTR(repeated_field), 1, 1);
+
+  } else if (Z_TYPE_P(val) == IS_OBJECT) {
+    if (!instanceof_function(Z_OBJCE_P(val), repeated_field_type TSRMLS_CC)) {
+      zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+                              "Given value is not an instance of %s.",
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+                              repeated_field_type->name);
+#else
+                              ZSTR_VAL(repeated_field_type->name));
+#endif
+      return;
+    }
+    RepeatedField* intern = UNBOX(RepeatedField, val);
+    if (to_fieldtype(type) != intern->type) {
+      zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+                              "Incorrect repeated field type.");
+      return;
+    }
+    if (klass != NULL && intern->msg_ce != klass) {
+      zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+                              "Expect a repeated field of %s, but %s is given.",
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+                              klass->name, intern->msg_ce->name);
+#else
+                              ZSTR_VAL(klass->name),
+                              ZSTR_VAL(intern->msg_ce->name));
+#endif
+      return;
+    }
+    RETURN_ZVAL(val, 1, 0);
+  } else {
+    zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+                            "Incorrect repeated field type.");
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkRepeatedField) {
+  zval* val;
+  PHP_PROTO_LONG type;
+  const zend_class_entry* klass = NULL;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "zl|C", &val, &type,
+                            &klass) == FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  RETURN_ZVAL(val, 1, 0);
+}
+
+void check_map_field(const zend_class_entry* klass, PHP_PROTO_LONG key_type,
+                     PHP_PROTO_LONG value_type, zval* val, zval* return_value) {
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION >= 7
+  if (Z_ISREF_P(val)) {
+    ZVAL_DEREF(val);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  TSRMLS_FETCH();
+  if (Z_TYPE_P(val) == IS_ARRAY) {
+    HashTable* table = Z_ARRVAL_P(val);
+    HashPosition pointer;
+    zval key;
+    void* value;
+
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+    zval* map_field;
+    MAKE_STD_ZVAL(map_field);
+#else
+    zval map_field;
+#endif
+
+    map_field_create_with_type(map_field_type, to_fieldtype(key_type),
+                               to_fieldtype(value_type), klass,
+                               &map_field TSRMLS_CC);
+
+    for (zend_hash_internal_pointer_reset_ex(table, &pointer);
+         php_proto_zend_hash_get_current_data_ex(table, (void**)&value,
+                                                 &pointer) == SUCCESS;
+         zend_hash_move_forward_ex(table, &pointer)) {
+      zend_hash_get_current_key_zval_ex(table, &key, &pointer);
+      map_field_handlers->write_dimension(
+          CACHED_TO_ZVAL_PTR(map_field), &key,
+          CACHED_PTR_TO_ZVAL_PTR((CACHED_VALUE*)value) TSRMLS_CC);
+      zval_dtor(&key);
+    }
+
+    RETURN_ZVAL(CACHED_TO_ZVAL_PTR(map_field), 1, 1);
+  } else if (Z_TYPE_P(val) == IS_OBJECT) {
+    if (!instanceof_function(Z_OBJCE_P(val), map_field_type TSRMLS_CC)) {
+      zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+                              "Given value is not an instance of %s.",
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+                              map_field_type->name);
+#else
+                              ZSTR_VAL(map_field_type->name));
+#endif
+      return;
+    }
+    Map* intern = UNBOX(Map, val);
+    if (to_fieldtype(key_type) != intern->key_type) {
+      zend_throw_exception(
+          NULL, "Incorrect map field key type.",
+          0 TSRMLS_CC);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (to_fieldtype(value_type) != intern->value_type) {
+      zend_throw_exception(
+          NULL, "Incorrect map field value type.",
+          0 TSRMLS_CC);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (klass != NULL && intern->msg_ce != klass) {
+      zend_throw_exception_ex(NULL, 0 TSRMLS_CC,
+                              "Expect a map field of %s, but %s is given.",
+#if PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 7
+                              klass->name, intern->msg_ce->name);
+#else
+                              ZSTR_VAL(klass->name),
+                              ZSTR_VAL(intern->msg_ce->name));
+#endif
+      return;
+    }
+    RETURN_ZVAL(val, 1, 0);
+  } else {
+      zend_throw_exception(
+          NULL, "Incorrect map field type.",
+          0 TSRMLS_CC);
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+PHP_METHOD(Util, checkMapField) {
+  zval* val;
+  PHP_PROTO_LONG key_type, value_type;
+  const zend_class_entry* klass = NULL;
+  if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "zll|C", &val, &key_type,
+                            &value_type, &klass) == FAILURE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  RETURN_ZVAL(val, 1, 0);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/upb.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/upb.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69544755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/upb.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13302 @@
+/* Amalgamated source file */
+#include "upb.h"
+/*
+* This is where we define macros used across upb.
+*
+* All of these macros are undef'd in port_undef.inc to avoid leaking them to
+* users.
+*
+* The correct usage is:
+*
+*   #include "upb/foobar.h"
+*   #include "upb/baz.h"
+*
+*   // MUST be last included header.
+*   #include "upb/port_def.inc"
+*
+*   // Code for this file.
+*   // <...>
+*
+*   // Can be omitted for .c files, required for .h.
+*   #include "upb/port_undef.inc"
+*
+* This file is private and must not be included by users!
+*/
+#ifndef UINTPTR_MAX
+#error must include stdint.h first
+#endif
+
+#if UINTPTR_MAX == 0xffffffff
+#define UPB_SIZE(size32, size64) size32
+#else
+#define UPB_SIZE(size32, size64) size64
+#endif
+
+#define UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, fieldtype, offset) \
+  *(fieldtype*)((const char*)(msg) + offset)
+
+#define UPB_READ_ONEOF(msg, fieldtype, offset, case_offset, case_val, default) \
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int, case_offset) == case_val                              \
+      ? UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, fieldtype, offset)                                   \
+      : default
+
+#define UPB_WRITE_ONEOF(msg, fieldtype, offset, value, case_offset, case_val) \
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int, case_offset) = case_val;                             \
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, fieldtype, offset) = value;
+
+/* UPB_INLINE: inline if possible, emit standalone code if required. */
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define UPB_INLINE inline
+#elif defined (__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define UPB_INLINE static __inline__
+#else
+#define UPB_INLINE static
+#endif
+
+/* Hints to the compiler about likely/unlikely branches. */
+#if defined (__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define UPB_LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect((x),1)
+#define UPB_UNLIKELY(x) __builtin_expect((x),0)
+#else
+#define UPB_LIKELY(x) (x)
+#define UPB_UNLIKELY(x) (x)
+#endif
+
+/* Define UPB_BIG_ENDIAN manually if you're on big endian and your compiler
+ * doesn't provide these preprocessor symbols. */
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+#define UPB_BIG_ENDIAN
+#endif
+
+/* Macros for function attributes on compilers that support them. */
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define UPB_FORCEINLINE __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline))
+#define UPB_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+#define UPB_NORETURN __attribute__((__noreturn__))
+#else  /* !defined(__GNUC__) */
+#define UPB_FORCEINLINE
+#define UPB_NOINLINE
+#define UPB_NORETURN
+#endif
+
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L || __cplusplus >= 201103L
+/* C99/C++11 versions. */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define _upb_snprintf snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf vsnprintf
+#define _upb_va_copy(a, b) va_copy(a, b)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+/* Microsoft C/C++ versions. */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#if _MSC_VER < 1900
+int msvc_snprintf(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, ...);
+int msvc_vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, va_list arg);
+#define UPB_MSVC_VSNPRINTF
+#define _upb_snprintf msvc_snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf msvc_vsnprintf
+#else
+#define _upb_snprintf snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf vsnprintf
+#endif
+#define _upb_va_copy(a, b) va_copy(a, b)
+#elif defined __GNUC__
+/* A few hacky workarounds for functions not in C89.
+ * For internal use only!
+ * TODO(haberman): fix these by including our own implementations, or finding
+ * another workaround.
+ */
+#define _upb_snprintf __builtin_snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf __builtin_vsnprintf
+#define _upb_va_copy(a, b) __va_copy(a, b)
+#else
+#error Need implementations of [v]snprintf and va_copy
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L || defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__) || \
+    (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+/* C++11 is present */
+#else
+#error upb requires C++11 for C++ support
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#define UPB_MAX(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))
+#define UPB_MIN(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
+
+#define UPB_UNUSED(var) (void)var
+
+/* UPB_ASSERT(): in release mode, we use the expression without letting it be
+ * evaluated.  This prevents "unused variable" warnings. */
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define UPB_ASSERT(expr) do {} while (false && (expr))
+#else
+#define UPB_ASSERT(expr) assert(expr)
+#endif
+
+/* UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(): assert that uses functions or variables that only
+ * exist in debug mode.  This turns into regular assert. */
+#define UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(expr) assert(expr)
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define UPB_UNREACHABLE() do { assert(0); __builtin_unreachable(); } while(0)
+#else
+#define UPB_UNREACHABLE() do { assert(0); } while(0)
+#endif
+
+/* UPB_INFINITY representing floating-point positive infinity. */
+#include <math.h>
+#ifdef INFINITY
+#define UPB_INFINITY INFINITY
+#else
+#define UPB_INFINITY (1.0 / 0.0)
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+/* Maps descriptor type -> upb field type.  */
+const uint8_t upb_desctype_to_fieldtype[] = {
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP,  /* ENDGROUP */
+  UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE,          /* DOUBLE */
+  UPB_TYPE_FLOAT,           /* FLOAT */
+  UPB_TYPE_INT64,           /* INT64 */
+  UPB_TYPE_UINT64,          /* UINT64 */
+  UPB_TYPE_INT32,           /* INT32 */
+  UPB_TYPE_UINT64,          /* FIXED64 */
+  UPB_TYPE_UINT32,          /* FIXED32 */
+  UPB_TYPE_BOOL,            /* BOOL */
+  UPB_TYPE_STRING,          /* STRING */
+  UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE,         /* GROUP */
+  UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE,         /* MESSAGE */
+  UPB_TYPE_BYTES,           /* BYTES */
+  UPB_TYPE_UINT32,          /* UINT32 */
+  UPB_TYPE_ENUM,            /* ENUM */
+  UPB_TYPE_INT32,           /* SFIXED32 */
+  UPB_TYPE_INT64,           /* SFIXED64 */
+  UPB_TYPE_INT32,           /* SINT32 */
+  UPB_TYPE_INT64,           /* SINT64 */
+};
+
+/* Data pertaining to the parse. */
+typedef struct {
+  const char *ptr;           /* Current parsing position. */
+  const char *field_start;   /* Start of this field. */
+  const char *limit;         /* End of delimited region or end of buffer. */
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  int depth;
+  uint32_t end_group;  /* Set to field number of END_GROUP tag, if any. */
+} upb_decstate;
+
+/* Data passed by value to each parsing function. */
+typedef struct {
+  char *msg;
+  const upb_msglayout *layout;
+  upb_decstate *state;
+} upb_decframe;
+
+#define CHK(x) if (!(x)) { return 0; }
+
+static bool upb_skip_unknowngroup(upb_decstate *d, int field_number);
+static bool upb_decode_message(upb_decstate *d, char *msg,
+                               const upb_msglayout *l);
+
+static bool upb_decode_varint(const char **ptr, const char *limit,
+                              uint64_t *val) {
+  uint8_t byte;
+  int bitpos = 0;
+  const char *p = *ptr;
+  *val = 0;
+
+  do {
+    CHK(bitpos < 70 && p < limit);
+    byte = *p;
+    *val |= (uint64_t)(byte & 0x7F) << bitpos;
+    p++;
+    bitpos += 7;
+  } while (byte & 0x80);
+
+  *ptr = p;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_varint32(const char **ptr, const char *limit,
+                                uint32_t *val) {
+  uint64_t u64;
+  CHK(upb_decode_varint(ptr, limit, &u64) && u64 <= UINT32_MAX);
+  *val = (uint32_t)u64;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_64bit(const char **ptr, const char *limit,
+                             uint64_t *val) {
+  CHK(limit - *ptr >= 8);
+  memcpy(val, *ptr, 8);
+  *ptr += 8;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_32bit(const char **ptr, const char *limit,
+                             uint32_t *val) {
+  CHK(limit - *ptr >= 4);
+  memcpy(val, *ptr, 4);
+  *ptr += 4;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static int32_t upb_zzdecode_32(uint32_t n) {
+  return (n >> 1) ^ -(int32_t)(n & 1);
+}
+
+static int64_t upb_zzdecode_64(uint64_t n) {
+  return (n >> 1) ^ -(int64_t)(n & 1);
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_string(const char **ptr, const char *limit,
+                              int *outlen) {
+  uint32_t len;
+
+  CHK(upb_decode_varint32(ptr, limit, &len) &&
+      len < INT32_MAX &&
+      limit - *ptr >= (int32_t)len);
+
+  *outlen = len;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void upb_set32(void *msg, size_t ofs, uint32_t val) {
+  memcpy((char*)msg + ofs, &val, sizeof(val));
+}
+
+static bool upb_append_unknown(upb_decstate *d, upb_decframe *frame) {
+  upb_msg_addunknown(frame->msg, d->field_start, d->ptr - d->field_start,
+                     d->arena);
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+static bool upb_skip_unknownfielddata(upb_decstate *d, uint32_t tag,
+                                      uint32_t group_fieldnum) {
+  switch (tag & 7) {
+    case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT: {
+      uint64_t val;
+      return upb_decode_varint(&d->ptr, d->limit, &val);
+    }
+    case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT: {
+      uint32_t val;
+      return upb_decode_32bit(&d->ptr, d->limit, &val);
+    }
+    case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT: {
+      uint64_t val;
+      return upb_decode_64bit(&d->ptr, d->limit, &val);
+    }
+    case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED: {
+      int len;
+      CHK(upb_decode_string(&d->ptr, d->limit, &len));
+      d->ptr += len;
+      return true;
+    }
+    case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP:
+      return upb_skip_unknowngroup(d, tag >> 3);
+    case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP:
+      return (tag >> 3) == group_fieldnum;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool upb_skip_unknowngroup(upb_decstate *d, int field_number) {
+  while (d->ptr < d->limit && d->end_group == 0) {
+    uint32_t tag = 0;
+    CHK(upb_decode_varint32(&d->ptr, d->limit, &tag));
+    CHK(upb_skip_unknownfielddata(d, tag, field_number));
+  }
+
+  CHK(d->end_group == field_number);
+  d->end_group = 0;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_array_grow(upb_array *arr, size_t elements, size_t elem_size,
+                           upb_arena *arena) {
+  size_t needed = arr->len + elements;
+  size_t new_size = UPB_MAX(arr->size, 8);
+  size_t new_bytes;
+  size_t old_bytes;
+  void *new_data;
+  upb_alloc *alloc = upb_arena_alloc(arena);
+
+  while (new_size < needed) {
+    new_size *= 2;
+  }
+
+  old_bytes = arr->len * elem_size;
+  new_bytes = new_size * elem_size;
+  new_data = upb_realloc(alloc, arr->data, old_bytes, new_bytes);
+  CHK(new_data);
+
+  arr->data = new_data;
+  arr->size = new_size;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *upb_array_reserve(upb_array *arr, size_t elements,
+                               size_t elem_size, upb_arena *arena) {
+  if (arr->size - arr->len < elements) {
+    CHK(upb_array_grow(arr, elements, elem_size, arena));
+  }
+  return (char*)arr->data + (arr->len * elem_size);
+}
+
+bool upb_array_add(upb_array *arr, size_t elements, size_t elem_size,
+                   const void *data, upb_arena *arena) {
+  void *dest = upb_array_reserve(arr, elements, elem_size, arena);
+
+  CHK(dest);
+  arr->len += elements;
+  memcpy(dest, data, elements * elem_size);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static upb_array *upb_getarr(upb_decframe *frame,
+                             const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(field->label == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED);
+  return *(upb_array**)&frame->msg[field->offset];
+}
+
+static upb_array *upb_getorcreatearr(upb_decframe *frame,
+                                     const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  upb_array *arr = upb_getarr(frame, field);
+
+  if (!arr) {
+    arr = upb_array_new(frame->state->arena);
+    CHK(arr);
+    *(upb_array**)&frame->msg[field->offset] = arr;
+  }
+
+  return arr;
+}
+
+static upb_msg *upb_getorcreatemsg(upb_decframe *frame,
+                                   const upb_msglayout_field *field,
+                                   const upb_msglayout **subm) {
+  upb_msg **submsg = (void*)(frame->msg + field->offset);
+  *subm = frame->layout->submsgs[field->submsg_index];
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(field->label != UPB_LABEL_REPEATED);
+
+  if (!*submsg) {
+    *submsg = upb_msg_new(*subm, frame->state->arena);
+    CHK(*submsg);
+  }
+
+  return *submsg;
+}
+
+static upb_msg *upb_addmsg(upb_decframe *frame,
+                           const upb_msglayout_field *field,
+                           const upb_msglayout **subm) {
+  upb_msg *submsg;
+  upb_array *arr = upb_getorcreatearr(frame, field);
+
+  *subm = frame->layout->submsgs[field->submsg_index];
+  submsg = upb_msg_new(*subm, frame->state->arena);
+  CHK(submsg);
+  upb_array_add(arr, 1, sizeof(submsg), &submsg, frame->state->arena);
+
+  return submsg;
+}
+
+static void upb_sethasbit(upb_decframe *frame,
+                          const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  int32_t hasbit = field->presence;
+  UPB_ASSERT(field->presence > 0);
+  frame->msg[hasbit / 8] |= (1 << (hasbit % 8));
+}
+
+static void upb_setoneofcase(upb_decframe *frame,
+                             const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(field->presence < 0);
+  upb_set32(frame->msg, ~field->presence, field->number);
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_addval(upb_decframe *frame,
+                               const upb_msglayout_field *field, void *val,
+                               size_t size) {
+  char *field_mem = frame->msg + field->offset;
+  upb_array *arr;
+
+  if (field->label == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    arr = upb_getorcreatearr(frame, field);
+    CHK(arr);
+    field_mem = upb_array_reserve(arr, 1, size, frame->state->arena);
+    CHK(field_mem);
+  }
+
+  memcpy(field_mem, val, size);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void upb_decode_setpresent(upb_decframe *frame,
+                                  const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  if (field->label == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+   upb_array *arr = upb_getarr(frame, field);
+   UPB_ASSERT(arr->len < arr->size);
+   arr->len++;
+  } else if (field->presence < 0) {
+    upb_setoneofcase(frame, field);
+  } else if (field->presence > 0) {
+    upb_sethasbit(frame, field);
+  }
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_msgfield(upb_decstate *d, upb_msg *msg,
+                                const upb_msglayout *layout, int limit) {
+  const char* saved_limit = d->limit;
+  d->limit = d->ptr + limit;
+  CHK(--d->depth >= 0);
+  upb_decode_message(d, msg, layout);
+  d->depth++;
+  d->limit = saved_limit;
+  CHK(d->end_group == 0);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_groupfield(upb_decstate *d, upb_msg *msg,
+                                  const upb_msglayout *layout,
+                                  int field_number) {
+  CHK(--d->depth >= 0);
+  upb_decode_message(d, msg, layout);
+  d->depth++;
+  CHK(d->end_group == field_number);
+  d->end_group = 0;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_varintfield(upb_decstate *d, upb_decframe *frame,
+                                   const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  uint64_t val;
+  CHK(upb_decode_varint(&d->ptr, d->limit, &val));
+
+  switch (field->descriptortype) {
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT64:
+      CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &val, sizeof(val)));
+      break;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      uint32_t val32 = (uint32_t)val;
+      CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &val32, sizeof(val32)));
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BOOL: {
+      bool valbool = val != 0;
+      CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &valbool, sizeof(valbool)));
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32: {
+      int32_t decoded = upb_zzdecode_32((uint32_t)val);
+      CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &decoded, sizeof(decoded)));
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64: {
+      int64_t decoded = upb_zzdecode_64(val);
+      CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &decoded, sizeof(decoded)));
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      return upb_append_unknown(d, frame);
+  }
+
+  upb_decode_setpresent(frame, field);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_64bitfield(upb_decstate *d, upb_decframe *frame,
+                                  const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  uint64_t val;
+  CHK(upb_decode_64bit(&d->ptr, d->limit, &val));
+
+  switch (field->descriptortype) {
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &val, sizeof(val)));
+      break;
+    default:
+      return upb_append_unknown(d, frame);
+  }
+
+  upb_decode_setpresent(frame, field);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_32bitfield(upb_decstate *d, upb_decframe *frame,
+                                  const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  uint32_t val;
+  CHK(upb_decode_32bit(&d->ptr, d->limit, &val));
+
+  switch (field->descriptortype) {
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &val, sizeof(val)));
+      break;
+    default:
+      return upb_append_unknown(d, frame);
+  }
+
+  upb_decode_setpresent(frame, field);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_fixedpacked(upb_decstate *d, upb_array *arr,
+                                   uint32_t len, int elem_size) {
+  size_t elements = len / elem_size;
+
+  CHK((size_t)(elements * elem_size) == len);
+  CHK(upb_array_add(arr, elements, elem_size, d->ptr, d->arena));
+  d->ptr += len;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static upb_strview upb_decode_strfield(upb_decstate *d, uint32_t len) {
+  upb_strview ret;
+  ret.data = d->ptr;
+  ret.size = len;
+  d->ptr += len;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_toarray(upb_decstate *d, upb_decframe *frame,
+                               const upb_msglayout_field *field, int len) {
+  upb_array *arr = upb_getorcreatearr(frame, field);
+  CHK(arr);
+
+#define VARINT_CASE(ctype, decode) \
+  VARINT_CASE_EX(ctype, decode, decode)
+
+#define VARINT_CASE_EX(ctype, decode, dtype)                           \
+  {                                                                    \
+    const char *ptr = d->ptr;                                          \
+    const char *limit = ptr + len;                                     \
+    while (ptr < limit) {                                              \
+      uint64_t val;                                                    \
+      ctype decoded;                                                   \
+      CHK(upb_decode_varint(&ptr, limit, &val));                       \
+      decoded = (decode)((dtype)val);                                  \
+      CHK(upb_array_add(arr, 1, sizeof(decoded), &decoded, d->arena)); \
+    }                                                                  \
+    d->ptr = ptr;                                                      \
+    return true;                                                       \
+  }
+
+  switch (field->descriptortype) {
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      upb_strview str = upb_decode_strfield(d, len);
+      return upb_array_add(arr, 1, sizeof(str), &str, d->arena);
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return upb_decode_fixedpacked(d, arr, len, sizeof(int32_t));
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return upb_decode_fixedpacked(d, arr, len, sizeof(int64_t));
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM:
+      VARINT_CASE(uint32_t, uint32_t);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT64:
+      VARINT_CASE(uint64_t, uint64_t);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BOOL:
+      VARINT_CASE(bool, bool);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32:
+      VARINT_CASE_EX(int32_t, upb_zzdecode_32, uint32_t);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64:
+      VARINT_CASE_EX(int64_t, upb_zzdecode_64, uint64_t);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      const upb_msglayout *subm;
+      upb_msg *submsg = upb_addmsg(frame, field, &subm);
+      CHK(submsg);
+      return upb_decode_msgfield(d, submsg, subm, len);
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP:
+      return upb_append_unknown(d, frame);
+  }
+#undef VARINT_CASE
+  UPB_UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_delimitedfield(upb_decstate *d, upb_decframe *frame,
+                                      const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  int len;
+
+  CHK(upb_decode_string(&d->ptr, d->limit, &len));
+
+  if (field->label == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    return upb_decode_toarray(d, frame, field, len);
+  } else {
+    switch (field->descriptortype) {
+      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING:
+      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES: {
+        upb_strview str = upb_decode_strfield(d, len);
+        CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &str, sizeof(str)));
+        break;
+      }
+      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        const upb_msglayout *subm;
+        upb_msg *submsg = upb_getorcreatemsg(frame, field, &subm);
+        CHK(submsg);
+        CHK(upb_decode_msgfield(d, submsg, subm, len));
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        /* TODO(haberman): should we accept the last element of a packed? */
+        d->ptr += len;
+        return upb_append_unknown(d, frame);
+    }
+    upb_decode_setpresent(frame, field);
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field *upb_find_field(const upb_msglayout *l,
+                                                 uint32_t field_number) {
+  /* Lots of optimization opportunities here. */
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < l->field_count; i++) {
+    if (l->fields[i].number == field_number) {
+      return &l->fields[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NULL;  /* Unknown field. */
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_field(upb_decstate *d, upb_decframe *frame) {
+  uint32_t tag;
+  const upb_msglayout_field *field;
+  int field_number;
+
+  d->field_start = d->ptr;
+  CHK(upb_decode_varint32(&d->ptr, d->limit, &tag));
+  field_number = tag >> 3;
+  field = upb_find_field(frame->layout, field_number);
+
+  if (field) {
+    switch (tag & 7) {
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT:
+        return upb_decode_varintfield(d, frame, field);
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT:
+        return upb_decode_32bitfield(d, frame, field);
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT:
+        return upb_decode_64bitfield(d, frame, field);
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED:
+        return upb_decode_delimitedfield(d, frame, field);
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP: {
+        const upb_msglayout *layout;
+        upb_msg *group;
+
+        if (field->label == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+          group = upb_addmsg(frame, field, &layout);
+        } else {
+          group = upb_getorcreatemsg(frame, field, &layout);
+        }
+
+        return upb_decode_groupfield(d, group, layout, field_number);
+      }
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP:
+        d->end_group = field_number;
+        return true;
+      default:
+        CHK(false);
+    }
+  } else {
+    CHK(field_number != 0);
+    CHK(upb_skip_unknownfielddata(d, tag, -1));
+    CHK(upb_append_unknown(d, frame));
+    return true;
+  }
+  UPB_UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_message(upb_decstate *d, char *msg, const upb_msglayout *l) {
+  upb_decframe frame;
+  frame.msg = msg;
+  frame.layout = l;
+  frame.state = d;
+
+  while (d->ptr < d->limit) {
+    CHK(upb_decode_field(d, &frame));
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_decode(const char *buf, size_t size, void *msg, const upb_msglayout *l,
+                upb_arena *arena) {
+  upb_decstate state;
+  state.ptr = buf;
+  state.limit = buf + size;
+  state.arena = arena;
+  state.depth = 64;
+  state.end_group = 0;
+
+  CHK(upb_decode_message(&state, msg, l));
+  return state.end_group == 0;
+}
+
+#undef CHK
+/* We encode backwards, to avoid pre-computing lengths (one-pass encode). */
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+
+#define UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN 10
+#define CHK(x) do { if (!(x)) { return false; } } while(0)
+
+static size_t upb_encode_varint(uint64_t val, char *buf) {
+  size_t i;
+  if (val < 128) { buf[0] = val; return 1; }
+  i = 0;
+  while (val) {
+    uint8_t byte = val & 0x7fU;
+    val >>= 7;
+    if (val) byte |= 0x80U;
+    buf[i++] = byte;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+static uint32_t upb_zzencode_32(int32_t n) { return ((uint32_t)n << 1) ^ (n >> 31); }
+static uint64_t upb_zzencode_64(int64_t n) { return ((uint64_t)n << 1) ^ (n >> 63); }
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_alloc *alloc;
+  char *buf, *ptr, *limit;
+} upb_encstate;
+
+static size_t upb_roundup_pow2(size_t bytes) {
+  size_t ret = 128;
+  while (ret < bytes) {
+    ret *= 2;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static bool upb_encode_growbuffer(upb_encstate *e, size_t bytes) {
+  size_t old_size = e->limit - e->buf;
+  size_t new_size = upb_roundup_pow2(bytes + (e->limit - e->ptr));
+  char *new_buf = upb_realloc(e->alloc, e->buf, old_size, new_size);
+  CHK(new_buf);
+
+  /* We want previous data at the end, realloc() put it at the beginning. */
+  if (old_size > 0) {
+    memmove(new_buf + new_size - old_size, e->buf, old_size);
+  }
+
+  e->ptr = new_buf + new_size - (e->limit - e->ptr);
+  e->limit = new_buf + new_size;
+  e->buf = new_buf;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Call to ensure that at least "bytes" bytes are available for writing at
+ * e->ptr.  Returns false if the bytes could not be allocated. */
+static bool upb_encode_reserve(upb_encstate *e, size_t bytes) {
+  CHK(UPB_LIKELY((size_t)(e->ptr - e->buf) >= bytes) ||
+      upb_encode_growbuffer(e, bytes));
+
+  e->ptr -= bytes;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Writes the given bytes to the buffer, handling reserve/advance. */
+static bool upb_put_bytes(upb_encstate *e, const void *data, size_t len) {
+  CHK(upb_encode_reserve(e, len));
+  memcpy(e->ptr, data, len);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_put_fixed64(upb_encstate *e, uint64_t val) {
+  /* TODO(haberman): byte-swap for big endian. */
+  return upb_put_bytes(e, &val, sizeof(uint64_t));
+}
+
+static bool upb_put_fixed32(upb_encstate *e, uint32_t val) {
+  /* TODO(haberman): byte-swap for big endian. */
+  return upb_put_bytes(e, &val, sizeof(uint32_t));
+}
+
+static bool upb_put_varint(upb_encstate *e, uint64_t val) {
+  size_t len;
+  char *start;
+  CHK(upb_encode_reserve(e, UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN));
+  len = upb_encode_varint(val, e->ptr);
+  start = e->ptr + UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN - len;
+  memmove(start, e->ptr, len);
+  e->ptr = start;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_put_double(upb_encstate *e, double d) {
+  uint64_t u64;
+  UPB_ASSERT(sizeof(double) == sizeof(uint64_t));
+  memcpy(&u64, &d, sizeof(uint64_t));
+  return upb_put_fixed64(e, u64);
+}
+
+static bool upb_put_float(upb_encstate *e, float d) {
+  uint32_t u32;
+  UPB_ASSERT(sizeof(float) == sizeof(uint32_t));
+  memcpy(&u32, &d, sizeof(uint32_t));
+  return upb_put_fixed32(e, u32);
+}
+
+static uint32_t upb_readcase(const char *msg, const upb_msglayout_field *f) {
+  uint32_t ret;
+  uint32_t offset = ~f->presence;
+  memcpy(&ret, msg + offset, sizeof(ret));
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static bool upb_readhasbit(const char *msg, const upb_msglayout_field *f) {
+  uint32_t hasbit = f->presence;
+  UPB_ASSERT(f->presence > 0);
+  return msg[hasbit / 8] & (1 << (hasbit % 8));
+}
+
+static bool upb_put_tag(upb_encstate *e, int field_number, int wire_type) {
+  return upb_put_varint(e, (field_number << 3) | wire_type);
+}
+
+static bool upb_put_fixedarray(upb_encstate *e, const upb_array *arr,
+                               size_t size) {
+  size_t bytes = arr->len * size;
+  return upb_put_bytes(e, arr->data, bytes) && upb_put_varint(e, bytes);
+}
+
+bool upb_encode_message(upb_encstate *e, const char *msg,
+                        const upb_msglayout *m, size_t *size);
+
+static bool upb_encode_array(upb_encstate *e, const char *field_mem,
+                             const upb_msglayout *m,
+                             const upb_msglayout_field *f) {
+  const upb_array *arr = *(const upb_array**)field_mem;
+
+  if (arr == NULL || arr->len == 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+#define VARINT_CASE(ctype, encode) { \
+  ctype *start = arr->data; \
+  ctype *ptr = start + arr->len; \
+  size_t pre_len = e->limit - e->ptr; \
+  do { \
+    ptr--; \
+    CHK(upb_put_varint(e, encode)); \
+  } while (ptr != start); \
+  CHK(upb_put_varint(e, e->limit - e->ptr - pre_len)); \
+} \
+break; \
+do { ; } while(0)
+
+  switch (f->descriptortype) {
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      CHK(upb_put_fixedarray(e, arr, sizeof(double)));
+      break;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      CHK(upb_put_fixedarray(e, arr, sizeof(float)));
+      break;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64:
+      CHK(upb_put_fixedarray(e, arr, sizeof(uint64_t)));
+      break;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      CHK(upb_put_fixedarray(e, arr, sizeof(uint32_t)));
+      break;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT64:
+      VARINT_CASE(uint64_t, *ptr);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT32:
+      VARINT_CASE(uint32_t, *ptr);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM:
+      VARINT_CASE(int32_t, (int64_t)*ptr);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BOOL:
+      VARINT_CASE(bool, *ptr);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32:
+      VARINT_CASE(int32_t, upb_zzencode_32(*ptr));
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64:
+      VARINT_CASE(int64_t, upb_zzencode_64(*ptr));
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      upb_strview *start = arr->data;
+      upb_strview *ptr = start + arr->len;
+      do {
+        ptr--;
+        CHK(upb_put_bytes(e, ptr->data, ptr->size) &&
+            upb_put_varint(e, ptr->size) &&
+            upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED));
+      } while (ptr != start);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP: {
+      void **start = arr->data;
+      void **ptr = start + arr->len;
+      const upb_msglayout *subm = m->submsgs[f->submsg_index];
+      do {
+        size_t size;
+        ptr--;
+        CHK(upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP) &&
+            upb_encode_message(e, *ptr, subm, &size) &&
+            upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP));
+      } while (ptr != start);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      void **start = arr->data;
+      void **ptr = start + arr->len;
+      const upb_msglayout *subm = m->submsgs[f->submsg_index];
+      do {
+        size_t size;
+        ptr--;
+        CHK(upb_encode_message(e, *ptr, subm, &size) &&
+            upb_put_varint(e, size) &&
+            upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED));
+      } while (ptr != start);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+#undef VARINT_CASE
+
+  /* We encode all primitive arrays as packed, regardless of what was specified
+   * in the .proto file.  Could special case 1-sized arrays. */
+  CHK(upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED));
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_encode_scalarfield(upb_encstate *e, const char *field_mem,
+                                   const upb_msglayout *m,
+                                   const upb_msglayout_field *f,
+                                   bool skip_zero_value) {
+#define CASE(ctype, type, wire_type, encodeval) do { \
+  ctype val = *(ctype*)field_mem; \
+  if (skip_zero_value && val == 0) { \
+    return true; \
+  } \
+  return upb_put_ ## type(e, encodeval) && \
+      upb_put_tag(e, f->number, wire_type); \
+} while(0)
+
+  switch (f->descriptortype) {
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      CASE(double, double, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT, val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      CASE(float, float, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT, val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT64:
+      CASE(uint64_t, varint, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT, val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT32:
+      CASE(uint32_t, varint, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT, val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM:
+      CASE(int32_t, varint, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT, (int64_t)val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64:
+      CASE(uint64_t, fixed64, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT, val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      CASE(uint32_t, fixed32, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT, val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BOOL:
+      CASE(bool, varint, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT, val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32:
+      CASE(int32_t, varint, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT, upb_zzencode_32(val));
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64:
+      CASE(int64_t, varint, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT, upb_zzencode_64(val));
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      upb_strview view = *(upb_strview*)field_mem;
+      if (skip_zero_value && view.size == 0) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return upb_put_bytes(e, view.data, view.size) &&
+          upb_put_varint(e, view.size) &&
+          upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED);
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP: {
+      size_t size;
+      void *submsg = *(void **)field_mem;
+      const upb_msglayout *subm = m->submsgs[f->submsg_index];
+      if (submsg == NULL) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP) &&
+          upb_encode_message(e, submsg, subm, &size) &&
+          upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP);
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      size_t size;
+      void *submsg = *(void **)field_mem;
+      const upb_msglayout *subm = m->submsgs[f->submsg_index];
+      if (submsg == NULL) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return upb_encode_message(e, submsg, subm, &size) &&
+          upb_put_varint(e, size) &&
+          upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED);
+    }
+  }
+#undef CASE
+  UPB_UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+bool upb_encode_message(upb_encstate *e, const char *msg,
+                        const upb_msglayout *m, size_t *size) {
+  int i;
+  size_t pre_len = e->limit - e->ptr;
+  const char *unknown;
+  size_t unknown_size;
+
+  for (i = m->field_count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    const upb_msglayout_field *f = &m->fields[i];
+
+    if (f->label == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+      CHK(upb_encode_array(e, msg + f->offset, m, f));
+    } else {
+      bool skip_empty = false;
+      if (f->presence == 0) {
+        /* Proto3 presence. */
+        skip_empty = true;
+      } else if (f->presence > 0) {
+        /* Proto2 presence: hasbit. */
+        if (!upb_readhasbit(msg, f)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+      } else {
+        /* Field is in a oneof. */
+        if (upb_readcase(msg, f) != f->number) {
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      CHK(upb_encode_scalarfield(e, msg + f->offset, m, f, skip_empty));
+    }
+  }
+
+  unknown = upb_msg_getunknown(msg, &unknown_size);
+
+  if (unknown) {
+    upb_put_bytes(e, unknown, unknown_size);
+  }
+
+  *size = (e->limit - e->ptr) - pre_len;
+  return true;
+}
+
+char *upb_encode(const void *msg, const upb_msglayout *m, upb_arena *arena,
+                 size_t *size) {
+  upb_encstate e;
+  e.alloc = upb_arena_alloc(arena);
+  e.buf = NULL;
+  e.limit = NULL;
+  e.ptr = NULL;
+
+  if (!upb_encode_message(&e, msg, m, size)) {
+    *size = 0;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  *size = e.limit - e.ptr;
+
+  if (*size == 0) {
+    static char ch;
+    return &ch;
+  } else {
+    UPB_ASSERT(e.ptr);
+    return e.ptr;
+  }
+}
+
+#undef CHK
+
+
+
+
+#define VOIDPTR_AT(msg, ofs) (void*)((char*)msg + (int)ofs)
+
+/* Internal members of a upb_msg.  We can change this without breaking binary
+ * compatibility.  We put these before the user's data.  The user's upb_msg*
+ * points after the upb_msg_internal. */
+
+/* Used when a message is not extendable. */
+typedef struct {
+  char *unknown;
+  size_t unknown_len;
+  size_t unknown_size;
+} upb_msg_internal;
+
+/* Used when a message is extendable. */
+typedef struct {
+  upb_inttable *extdict;
+  upb_msg_internal base;
+} upb_msg_internal_withext;
+
+static int upb_msg_internalsize(const upb_msglayout *l) {
+  return sizeof(upb_msg_internal) - l->extendable * sizeof(void *);
+}
+
+static size_t upb_msg_sizeof(const upb_msglayout *l) {
+  return l->size + upb_msg_internalsize(l);
+}
+
+static upb_msg_internal *upb_msg_getinternal(upb_msg *msg) {
+  return VOIDPTR_AT(msg, -sizeof(upb_msg_internal));
+}
+
+static const upb_msg_internal *upb_msg_getinternal_const(const upb_msg *msg) {
+  return VOIDPTR_AT(msg, -sizeof(upb_msg_internal));
+}
+
+static upb_msg_internal_withext *upb_msg_getinternalwithext(
+    upb_msg *msg, const upb_msglayout *l) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(l->extendable);
+  return VOIDPTR_AT(msg, -sizeof(upb_msg_internal_withext));
+}
+
+upb_msg *upb_msg_new(const upb_msglayout *l, upb_arena *a) {
+  upb_alloc *alloc = upb_arena_alloc(a);
+  void *mem = upb_malloc(alloc, upb_msg_sizeof(l));
+  upb_msg_internal *in;
+  upb_msg *msg;
+
+  if (!mem) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  msg = VOIDPTR_AT(mem, upb_msg_internalsize(l));
+
+  /* Initialize normal members. */
+  memset(msg, 0, l->size);
+
+  /* Initialize internal members. */
+  in = upb_msg_getinternal(msg);
+  in->unknown = NULL;
+  in->unknown_len = 0;
+  in->unknown_size = 0;
+
+  if (l->extendable) {
+    upb_msg_getinternalwithext(msg, l)->extdict = NULL;
+  }
+
+  return msg;
+}
+
+upb_array *upb_array_new(upb_arena *a) {
+  upb_array *ret = upb_arena_malloc(a, sizeof(upb_array));
+
+  if (!ret) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  ret->data = NULL;
+  ret->len = 0;
+  ret->size = 0;
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void upb_msg_addunknown(upb_msg *msg, const char *data, size_t len,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  upb_msg_internal *in = upb_msg_getinternal(msg);
+  if (len > in->unknown_size - in->unknown_len) {
+    upb_alloc *alloc = upb_arena_alloc(arena);
+    size_t need = in->unknown_size + len;
+    size_t newsize = UPB_MAX(in->unknown_size * 2, need);
+    in->unknown = upb_realloc(alloc, in->unknown, in->unknown_size, newsize);
+    in->unknown_size = newsize;
+  }
+  memcpy(in->unknown + in->unknown_len, data, len);
+  in->unknown_len += len;
+}
+
+const char *upb_msg_getunknown(const upb_msg *msg, size_t *len) {
+  const upb_msg_internal* in = upb_msg_getinternal_const(msg);
+  *len = in->unknown_len;
+  return in->unknown;
+}
+
+#undef VOIDPTR_AT
+
+
+#ifdef UPB_MSVC_VSNPRINTF
+/* Visual C++ earlier than 2015 doesn't have standard C99 snprintf and
+ * vsnprintf. To support them, missing functions are manually implemented
+ * using the existing secure functions. */
+int msvc_vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, va_list arg) {
+  if (!s) {
+    return _vscprintf(format, arg);
+  }
+  int ret = _vsnprintf_s(s, n, _TRUNCATE, format, arg);
+  if (ret < 0) {
+	ret = _vscprintf(format, arg);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+int msvc_snprintf(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, ...) {
+  va_list arg;
+  va_start(arg, format);
+  int ret = msvc_vsnprintf(s, n, format, arg);
+  va_end(arg);
+  return ret;
+}
+#endif
+/*
+** upb_table Implementation
+**
+** Implementation is heavily inspired by Lua's ltable.c.
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#define UPB_MAXARRSIZE 16  /* 64k. */
+
+/* From Chromium. */
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) \
+    ((sizeof(x)/sizeof(0[x])) / ((size_t)(!(sizeof(x) % sizeof(0[x])))))
+
+static void upb_check_alloc(upb_table *t, upb_alloc *a) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(t);
+  UPB_UNUSED(a);
+  UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(t->alloc == a);
+}
+
+static const double MAX_LOAD = 0.85;
+
+/* The minimum utilization of the array part of a mixed hash/array table.  This
+ * is a speed/memory-usage tradeoff (though it's not straightforward because of
+ * cache effects).  The lower this is, the more memory we'll use. */
+static const double MIN_DENSITY = 0.1;
+
+bool is_pow2(uint64_t v) { return v == 0 || (v & (v - 1)) == 0; }
+
+int log2ceil(uint64_t v) {
+  int ret = 0;
+  bool pow2 = is_pow2(v);
+  while (v >>= 1) ret++;
+  ret = pow2 ? ret : ret + 1;  /* Ceiling. */
+  return UPB_MIN(UPB_MAXARRSIZE, ret);
+}
+
+char *upb_strdup(const char *s, upb_alloc *a) {
+  return upb_strdup2(s, strlen(s), a);
+}
+
+char *upb_strdup2(const char *s, size_t len, upb_alloc *a) {
+  size_t n;
+  char *p;
+
+  /* Prevent overflow errors. */
+  if (len == SIZE_MAX) return NULL;
+  /* Always null-terminate, even if binary data; but don't rely on the input to
+   * have a null-terminating byte since it may be a raw binary buffer. */
+  n = len + 1;
+  p = upb_malloc(a, n);
+  if (p) {
+    memcpy(p, s, len);
+    p[len] = 0;
+  }
+  return p;
+}
+
+/* A type to represent the lookup key of either a strtable or an inttable. */
+typedef union {
+  uintptr_t num;
+  struct {
+    const char *str;
+    size_t len;
+  } str;
+} lookupkey_t;
+
+static lookupkey_t strkey2(const char *str, size_t len) {
+  lookupkey_t k;
+  k.str.str = str;
+  k.str.len = len;
+  return k;
+}
+
+static lookupkey_t intkey(uintptr_t key) {
+  lookupkey_t k;
+  k.num = key;
+  return k;
+}
+
+typedef uint32_t hashfunc_t(upb_tabkey key);
+typedef bool eqlfunc_t(upb_tabkey k1, lookupkey_t k2);
+
+/* Base table (shared code) ***************************************************/
+
+/* For when we need to cast away const. */
+static upb_tabent *mutable_entries(upb_table *t) {
+  return (upb_tabent*)t->entries;
+}
+
+static bool isfull(upb_table *t) {
+  if (upb_table_size(t) == 0) {
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return ((double)(t->count + 1) / upb_table_size(t)) > MAX_LOAD;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool init(upb_table *t, upb_ctype_t ctype, uint8_t size_lg2,
+                 upb_alloc *a) {
+  size_t bytes;
+
+  t->count = 0;
+  t->ctype = ctype;
+  t->size_lg2 = size_lg2;
+  t->mask = upb_table_size(t) ? upb_table_size(t) - 1 : 0;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  t->alloc = a;
+#endif
+  bytes = upb_table_size(t) * sizeof(upb_tabent);
+  if (bytes > 0) {
+    t->entries = upb_malloc(a, bytes);
+    if (!t->entries) return false;
+    memset(mutable_entries(t), 0, bytes);
+  } else {
+    t->entries = NULL;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void uninit(upb_table *t, upb_alloc *a) {
+  upb_check_alloc(t, a);
+  upb_free(a, mutable_entries(t));
+}
+
+static upb_tabent *emptyent(upb_table *t) {
+  upb_tabent *e = mutable_entries(t) + upb_table_size(t);
+  while (1) { if (upb_tabent_isempty(--e)) return e; UPB_ASSERT(e > t->entries); }
+}
+
+static upb_tabent *getentry_mutable(upb_table *t, uint32_t hash) {
+  return (upb_tabent*)upb_getentry(t, hash);
+}
+
+static const upb_tabent *findentry(const upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key,
+                                   uint32_t hash, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
+  const upb_tabent *e;
+
+  if (t->size_lg2 == 0) return NULL;
+  e = upb_getentry(t, hash);
+  if (upb_tabent_isempty(e)) return NULL;
+  while (1) {
+    if (eql(e->key, key)) return e;
+    if ((e = e->next) == NULL) return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+static upb_tabent *findentry_mutable(upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key,
+                                     uint32_t hash, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
+  return (upb_tabent*)findentry(t, key, hash, eql);
+}
+
+static bool lookup(const upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key, upb_value *v,
+                   uint32_t hash, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
+  const upb_tabent *e = findentry(t, key, hash, eql);
+  if (e) {
+    if (v) {
+      _upb_value_setval(v, e->val.val, t->ctype);
+    }
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+/* The given key must not already exist in the table. */
+static void insert(upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key, upb_tabkey tabkey,
+                   upb_value val, uint32_t hash,
+                   hashfunc_t *hashfunc, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
+  upb_tabent *mainpos_e;
+  upb_tabent *our_e;
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(findentry(t, key, hash, eql) == NULL);
+  UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(val.ctype == t->ctype);
+
+  t->count++;
+  mainpos_e = getentry_mutable(t, hash);
+  our_e = mainpos_e;
+
+  if (upb_tabent_isempty(mainpos_e)) {
+    /* Our main position is empty; use it. */
+    our_e->next = NULL;
+  } else {
+    /* Collision. */
+    upb_tabent *new_e = emptyent(t);
+    /* Head of collider's chain. */
+    upb_tabent *chain = getentry_mutable(t, hashfunc(mainpos_e->key));
+    if (chain == mainpos_e) {
+      /* Existing ent is in its main posisiton (it has the same hash as us, and
+       * is the head of our chain).  Insert to new ent and append to this chain. */
+      new_e->next = mainpos_e->next;
+      mainpos_e->next = new_e;
+      our_e = new_e;
+    } else {
+      /* Existing ent is not in its main position (it is a node in some other
+       * chain).  This implies that no existing ent in the table has our hash.
+       * Evict it (updating its chain) and use its ent for head of our chain. */
+      *new_e = *mainpos_e;  /* copies next. */
+      while (chain->next != mainpos_e) {
+        chain = (upb_tabent*)chain->next;
+        UPB_ASSERT(chain);
+      }
+      chain->next = new_e;
+      our_e = mainpos_e;
+      our_e->next = NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  our_e->key = tabkey;
+  our_e->val.val = val.val;
+  UPB_ASSERT(findentry(t, key, hash, eql) == our_e);
+}
+
+static bool rm(upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key, upb_value *val,
+               upb_tabkey *removed, uint32_t hash, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
+  upb_tabent *chain = getentry_mutable(t, hash);
+  if (upb_tabent_isempty(chain)) return false;
+  if (eql(chain->key, key)) {
+    /* Element to remove is at the head of its chain. */
+    t->count--;
+    if (val) _upb_value_setval(val, chain->val.val, t->ctype);
+    if (removed) *removed = chain->key;
+    if (chain->next) {
+      upb_tabent *move = (upb_tabent*)chain->next;
+      *chain = *move;
+      move->key = 0;  /* Make the slot empty. */
+    } else {
+      chain->key = 0;  /* Make the slot empty. */
+    }
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    /* Element to remove is either in a non-head position or not in the
+     * table. */
+    while (chain->next && !eql(chain->next->key, key)) {
+      chain = (upb_tabent*)chain->next;
+    }
+    if (chain->next) {
+      /* Found element to remove. */
+      upb_tabent *rm = (upb_tabent*)chain->next;
+      t->count--;
+      if (val) _upb_value_setval(val, chain->next->val.val, t->ctype);
+      if (removed) *removed = rm->key;
+      rm->key = 0;  /* Make the slot empty. */
+      chain->next = rm->next;
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      /* Element to remove is not in the table. */
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static size_t next(const upb_table *t, size_t i) {
+  do {
+    if (++i >= upb_table_size(t))
+      return SIZE_MAX;
+  } while(upb_tabent_isempty(&t->entries[i]));
+
+  return i;
+}
+
+static size_t begin(const upb_table *t) {
+  return next(t, -1);
+}
+
+
+/* upb_strtable ***************************************************************/
+
+/* A simple "subclass" of upb_table that only adds a hash function for strings. */
+
+static upb_tabkey strcopy(lookupkey_t k2, upb_alloc *a) {
+  uint32_t len = (uint32_t) k2.str.len;
+  char *str = upb_malloc(a, k2.str.len + sizeof(uint32_t) + 1);
+  if (str == NULL) return 0;
+  memcpy(str, &len, sizeof(uint32_t));
+  memcpy(str + sizeof(uint32_t), k2.str.str, k2.str.len);
+  str[sizeof(uint32_t) + k2.str.len] = '\0';
+  return (uintptr_t)str;
+}
+
+static uint32_t strhash(upb_tabkey key) {
+  uint32_t len;
+  char *str = upb_tabstr(key, &len);
+  return upb_murmur_hash2(str, len, 0);
+}
+
+static bool streql(upb_tabkey k1, lookupkey_t k2) {
+  uint32_t len;
+  char *str = upb_tabstr(k1, &len);
+  return len == k2.str.len && memcmp(str, k2.str.str, len) == 0;
+}
+
+bool upb_strtable_init2(upb_strtable *t, upb_ctype_t ctype, upb_alloc *a) {
+  return init(&t->t, ctype, 2, a);
+}
+
+void upb_strtable_uninit2(upb_strtable *t, upb_alloc *a) {
+  size_t i;
+  for (i = 0; i < upb_table_size(&t->t); i++)
+    upb_free(a, (void*)t->t.entries[i].key);
+  uninit(&t->t, a);
+}
+
+bool upb_strtable_resize(upb_strtable *t, size_t size_lg2, upb_alloc *a) {
+  upb_strtable new_table;
+  upb_strtable_iter i;
+
+  upb_check_alloc(&t->t, a);
+
+  if (!init(&new_table.t, t->t.ctype, size_lg2, a))
+    return false;
+  upb_strtable_begin(&i, t);
+  for ( ; !upb_strtable_done(&i); upb_strtable_next(&i)) {
+    upb_strtable_insert3(
+        &new_table,
+        upb_strtable_iter_key(&i),
+        upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&i),
+        upb_strtable_iter_value(&i),
+        a);
+  }
+  upb_strtable_uninit2(t, a);
+  *t = new_table;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_strtable_insert3(upb_strtable *t, const char *k, size_t len,
+                          upb_value v, upb_alloc *a) {
+  lookupkey_t key;
+  upb_tabkey tabkey;
+  uint32_t hash;
+
+  upb_check_alloc(&t->t, a);
+
+  if (isfull(&t->t)) {
+    /* Need to resize.  New table of double the size, add old elements to it. */
+    if (!upb_strtable_resize(t, t->t.size_lg2 + 1, a)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  key = strkey2(k, len);
+  tabkey = strcopy(key, a);
+  if (tabkey == 0) return false;
+
+  hash = upb_murmur_hash2(key.str.str, key.str.len, 0);
+  insert(&t->t, key, tabkey, v, hash, &strhash, &streql);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_strtable_lookup2(const upb_strtable *t, const char *key, size_t len,
+                          upb_value *v) {
+  uint32_t hash = upb_murmur_hash2(key, len, 0);
+  return lookup(&t->t, strkey2(key, len), v, hash, &streql);
+}
+
+bool upb_strtable_remove3(upb_strtable *t, const char *key, size_t len,
+                         upb_value *val, upb_alloc *alloc) {
+  uint32_t hash = upb_murmur_hash2(key, len, 0);
+  upb_tabkey tabkey;
+  if (rm(&t->t, strkey2(key, len), val, &tabkey, hash, &streql)) {
+    upb_free(alloc, (void*)tabkey);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Iteration */
+
+static const upb_tabent *str_tabent(const upb_strtable_iter *i) {
+  return &i->t->t.entries[i->index];
+}
+
+void upb_strtable_begin(upb_strtable_iter *i, const upb_strtable *t) {
+  i->t = t;
+  i->index = begin(&t->t);
+}
+
+void upb_strtable_next(upb_strtable_iter *i) {
+  i->index = next(&i->t->t, i->index);
+}
+
+bool upb_strtable_done(const upb_strtable_iter *i) {
+  if (!i->t) return true;
+  return i->index >= upb_table_size(&i->t->t) ||
+         upb_tabent_isempty(str_tabent(i));
+}
+
+const char *upb_strtable_iter_key(const upb_strtable_iter *i) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!upb_strtable_done(i));
+  return upb_tabstr(str_tabent(i)->key, NULL);
+}
+
+size_t upb_strtable_iter_keylength(const upb_strtable_iter *i) {
+  uint32_t len;
+  UPB_ASSERT(!upb_strtable_done(i));
+  upb_tabstr(str_tabent(i)->key, &len);
+  return len;
+}
+
+upb_value upb_strtable_iter_value(const upb_strtable_iter *i) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!upb_strtable_done(i));
+  return _upb_value_val(str_tabent(i)->val.val, i->t->t.ctype);
+}
+
+void upb_strtable_iter_setdone(upb_strtable_iter *i) {
+  i->t = NULL;
+  i->index = SIZE_MAX;
+}
+
+bool upb_strtable_iter_isequal(const upb_strtable_iter *i1,
+                               const upb_strtable_iter *i2) {
+  if (upb_strtable_done(i1) && upb_strtable_done(i2))
+    return true;
+  return i1->t == i2->t && i1->index == i2->index;
+}
+
+
+/* upb_inttable ***************************************************************/
+
+/* For inttables we use a hybrid structure where small keys are kept in an
+ * array and large keys are put in the hash table. */
+
+static uint32_t inthash(upb_tabkey key) { return upb_inthash(key); }
+
+static bool inteql(upb_tabkey k1, lookupkey_t k2) {
+  return k1 == k2.num;
+}
+
+static upb_tabval *mutable_array(upb_inttable *t) {
+  return (upb_tabval*)t->array;
+}
+
+static upb_tabval *inttable_val(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key) {
+  if (key < t->array_size) {
+    return upb_arrhas(t->array[key]) ? &(mutable_array(t)[key]) : NULL;
+  } else {
+    upb_tabent *e =
+        findentry_mutable(&t->t, intkey(key), upb_inthash(key), &inteql);
+    return e ? &e->val : NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+static const upb_tabval *inttable_val_const(const upb_inttable *t,
+                                            uintptr_t key) {
+  return inttable_val((upb_inttable*)t, key);
+}
+
+size_t upb_inttable_count(const upb_inttable *t) {
+  return t->t.count + t->array_count;
+}
+
+static void check(upb_inttable *t) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(t);
+#if defined(UPB_DEBUG_TABLE) && !defined(NDEBUG)
+  {
+    /* This check is very expensive (makes inserts/deletes O(N)). */
+    size_t count = 0;
+    upb_inttable_iter i;
+    upb_inttable_begin(&i, t);
+    for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i), count++) {
+      UPB_ASSERT(upb_inttable_lookup(t, upb_inttable_iter_key(&i), NULL));
+    }
+    UPB_ASSERT(count == upb_inttable_count(t));
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_sizedinit(upb_inttable *t, upb_ctype_t ctype,
+                            size_t asize, int hsize_lg2, upb_alloc *a) {
+  size_t array_bytes;
+
+  if (!init(&t->t, ctype, hsize_lg2, a)) return false;
+  /* Always make the array part at least 1 long, so that we know key 0
+   * won't be in the hash part, which simplifies things. */
+  t->array_size = UPB_MAX(1, asize);
+  t->array_count = 0;
+  array_bytes = t->array_size * sizeof(upb_value);
+  t->array = upb_malloc(a, array_bytes);
+  if (!t->array) {
+    uninit(&t->t, a);
+    return false;
+  }
+  memset(mutable_array(t), 0xff, array_bytes);
+  check(t);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_init2(upb_inttable *t, upb_ctype_t ctype, upb_alloc *a) {
+  return upb_inttable_sizedinit(t, ctype, 0, 4, a);
+}
+
+void upb_inttable_uninit2(upb_inttable *t, upb_alloc *a) {
+  uninit(&t->t, a);
+  upb_free(a, mutable_array(t));
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_insert2(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value val,
+                          upb_alloc *a) {
+  upb_tabval tabval;
+  tabval.val = val.val;
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_arrhas(tabval));  /* This will reject (uint64_t)-1.  Fix this. */
+
+  upb_check_alloc(&t->t, a);
+
+  if (key < t->array_size) {
+    UPB_ASSERT(!upb_arrhas(t->array[key]));
+    t->array_count++;
+    mutable_array(t)[key].val = val.val;
+  } else {
+    if (isfull(&t->t)) {
+      /* Need to resize the hash part, but we re-use the array part. */
+      size_t i;
+      upb_table new_table;
+
+      if (!init(&new_table, t->t.ctype, t->t.size_lg2 + 1, a)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      for (i = begin(&t->t); i < upb_table_size(&t->t); i = next(&t->t, i)) {
+        const upb_tabent *e = &t->t.entries[i];
+        uint32_t hash;
+        upb_value v;
+
+        _upb_value_setval(&v, e->val.val, t->t.ctype);
+        hash = upb_inthash(e->key);
+        insert(&new_table, intkey(e->key), e->key, v, hash, &inthash, &inteql);
+      }
+
+      UPB_ASSERT(t->t.count == new_table.count);
+
+      uninit(&t->t, a);
+      t->t = new_table;
+    }
+    insert(&t->t, intkey(key), key, val, upb_inthash(key), &inthash, &inteql);
+  }
+  check(t);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_lookup(const upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value *v) {
+  const upb_tabval *table_v = inttable_val_const(t, key);
+  if (!table_v) return false;
+  if (v) _upb_value_setval(v, table_v->val, t->t.ctype);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_replace(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value val) {
+  upb_tabval *table_v = inttable_val(t, key);
+  if (!table_v) return false;
+  table_v->val = val.val;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_remove(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value *val) {
+  bool success;
+  if (key < t->array_size) {
+    if (upb_arrhas(t->array[key])) {
+      upb_tabval empty = UPB_TABVALUE_EMPTY_INIT;
+      t->array_count--;
+      if (val) {
+        _upb_value_setval(val, t->array[key].val, t->t.ctype);
+      }
+      mutable_array(t)[key] = empty;
+      success = true;
+    } else {
+      success = false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    success = rm(&t->t, intkey(key), val, NULL, upb_inthash(key), &inteql);
+  }
+  check(t);
+  return success;
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_push2(upb_inttable *t, upb_value val, upb_alloc *a) {
+  upb_check_alloc(&t->t, a);
+  return upb_inttable_insert2(t, upb_inttable_count(t), val, a);
+}
+
+upb_value upb_inttable_pop(upb_inttable *t) {
+  upb_value val;
+  bool ok = upb_inttable_remove(t, upb_inttable_count(t) - 1, &val);
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  return val;
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_insertptr2(upb_inttable *t, const void *key, upb_value val,
+                             upb_alloc *a) {
+  upb_check_alloc(&t->t, a);
+  return upb_inttable_insert2(t, (uintptr_t)key, val, a);
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_lookupptr(const upb_inttable *t, const void *key,
+                            upb_value *v) {
+  return upb_inttable_lookup(t, (uintptr_t)key, v);
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_removeptr(upb_inttable *t, const void *key, upb_value *val) {
+  return upb_inttable_remove(t, (uintptr_t)key, val);
+}
+
+void upb_inttable_compact2(upb_inttable *t, upb_alloc *a) {
+  /* A power-of-two histogram of the table keys. */
+  size_t counts[UPB_MAXARRSIZE + 1] = {0};
+
+  /* The max key in each bucket. */
+  uintptr_t max[UPB_MAXARRSIZE + 1] = {0};
+
+  upb_inttable_iter i;
+  size_t arr_count;
+  int size_lg2;
+  upb_inttable new_t;
+
+  upb_check_alloc(&t->t, a);
+
+  upb_inttable_begin(&i, t);
+  for (; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+    uintptr_t key = upb_inttable_iter_key(&i);
+    int bucket = log2ceil(key);
+    max[bucket] = UPB_MAX(max[bucket], key);
+    counts[bucket]++;
+  }
+
+  /* Find the largest power of two that satisfies the MIN_DENSITY
+   * definition (while actually having some keys). */
+  arr_count = upb_inttable_count(t);
+
+  for (size_lg2 = ARRAY_SIZE(counts) - 1; size_lg2 > 0; size_lg2--) {
+    if (counts[size_lg2] == 0) {
+      /* We can halve again without losing any entries. */
+      continue;
+    } else if (arr_count >= (1 << size_lg2) * MIN_DENSITY) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    arr_count -= counts[size_lg2];
+  }
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(arr_count <= upb_inttable_count(t));
+
+  {
+    /* Insert all elements into new, perfectly-sized table. */
+    size_t arr_size = max[size_lg2] + 1;  /* +1 so arr[max] will fit. */
+    size_t hash_count = upb_inttable_count(t) - arr_count;
+    size_t hash_size = hash_count ? (hash_count / MAX_LOAD) + 1 : 0;
+    int hashsize_lg2 = log2ceil(hash_size);
+
+    upb_inttable_sizedinit(&new_t, t->t.ctype, arr_size, hashsize_lg2, a);
+    upb_inttable_begin(&i, t);
+    for (; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+      uintptr_t k = upb_inttable_iter_key(&i);
+      upb_inttable_insert2(&new_t, k, upb_inttable_iter_value(&i), a);
+    }
+    UPB_ASSERT(new_t.array_size == arr_size);
+    UPB_ASSERT(new_t.t.size_lg2 == hashsize_lg2);
+  }
+  upb_inttable_uninit2(t, a);
+  *t = new_t;
+}
+
+/* Iteration. */
+
+static const upb_tabent *int_tabent(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!i->array_part);
+  return &i->t->t.entries[i->index];
+}
+
+static upb_tabval int_arrent(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(i->array_part);
+  return i->t->array[i->index];
+}
+
+void upb_inttable_begin(upb_inttable_iter *i, const upb_inttable *t) {
+  i->t = t;
+  i->index = -1;
+  i->array_part = true;
+  upb_inttable_next(i);
+}
+
+void upb_inttable_next(upb_inttable_iter *iter) {
+  const upb_inttable *t = iter->t;
+  if (iter->array_part) {
+    while (++iter->index < t->array_size) {
+      if (upb_arrhas(int_arrent(iter))) {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    iter->array_part = false;
+    iter->index = begin(&t->t);
+  } else {
+    iter->index = next(&t->t, iter->index);
+  }
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_done(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
+  if (!i->t) return true;
+  if (i->array_part) {
+    return i->index >= i->t->array_size ||
+           !upb_arrhas(int_arrent(i));
+  } else {
+    return i->index >= upb_table_size(&i->t->t) ||
+           upb_tabent_isempty(int_tabent(i));
+  }
+}
+
+uintptr_t upb_inttable_iter_key(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!upb_inttable_done(i));
+  return i->array_part ? i->index : int_tabent(i)->key;
+}
+
+upb_value upb_inttable_iter_value(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!upb_inttable_done(i));
+  return _upb_value_val(
+      i->array_part ? i->t->array[i->index].val : int_tabent(i)->val.val,
+      i->t->t.ctype);
+}
+
+void upb_inttable_iter_setdone(upb_inttable_iter *i) {
+  i->t = NULL;
+  i->index = SIZE_MAX;
+  i->array_part = false;
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_iter_isequal(const upb_inttable_iter *i1,
+                                          const upb_inttable_iter *i2) {
+  if (upb_inttable_done(i1) && upb_inttable_done(i2))
+    return true;
+  return i1->t == i2->t && i1->index == i2->index &&
+         i1->array_part == i2->array_part;
+}
+
+#if defined(UPB_UNALIGNED_READS_OK) || defined(__s390x__)
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * MurmurHash2, by Austin Appleby (released as public domain).
+ * Reformatted and C99-ified by Joshua Haberman.
+ * Note - This code makes a few assumptions about how your machine behaves -
+ *   1. We can read a 4-byte value from any address without crashing
+ *   2. sizeof(int) == 4 (in upb this limitation is removed by using uint32_t
+ * And it has a few limitations -
+ *   1. It will not work incrementally.
+ *   2. It will not produce the same results on little-endian and big-endian
+ *      machines. */
+uint32_t upb_murmur_hash2(const void *key, size_t len, uint32_t seed) {
+  /* 'm' and 'r' are mixing constants generated offline.
+   * They're not really 'magic', they just happen to work well. */
+  const uint32_t m = 0x5bd1e995;
+  const int32_t r = 24;
+
+  /* Initialize the hash to a 'random' value */
+  uint32_t h = seed ^ len;
+
+  /* Mix 4 bytes at a time into the hash */
+  const uint8_t * data = (const uint8_t *)key;
+  while(len >= 4) {
+    uint32_t k = *(uint32_t *)data;
+
+    k *= m;
+    k ^= k >> r;
+    k *= m;
+
+    h *= m;
+    h ^= k;
+
+    data += 4;
+    len -= 4;
+  }
+
+  /* Handle the last few bytes of the input array */
+  switch(len) {
+    case 3: h ^= data[2] << 16;
+    case 2: h ^= data[1] << 8;
+    case 1: h ^= data[0]; h *= m;
+  };
+
+  /* Do a few final mixes of the hash to ensure the last few
+   * bytes are well-incorporated. */
+  h ^= h >> 13;
+  h *= m;
+  h ^= h >> 15;
+
+  return h;
+}
+
+#else /* !UPB_UNALIGNED_READS_OK */
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * MurmurHashAligned2, by Austin Appleby
+ * Same algorithm as MurmurHash2, but only does aligned reads - should be safer
+ * on certain platforms.
+ * Performance will be lower than MurmurHash2 */
+
+#define MIX(h,k,m) { k *= m; k ^= k >> r; k *= m; h *= m; h ^= k; }
+
+uint32_t upb_murmur_hash2(const void * key, size_t len, uint32_t seed) {
+  const uint32_t m = 0x5bd1e995;
+  const int32_t r = 24;
+  const uint8_t * data = (const uint8_t *)key;
+  uint32_t h = (uint32_t)(seed ^ len);
+  uint8_t align = (uintptr_t)data & 3;
+
+  if(align && (len >= 4)) {
+    /* Pre-load the temp registers */
+    uint32_t t = 0, d = 0;
+    int32_t sl;
+    int32_t sr;
+
+    switch(align) {
+      case 1: t |= data[2] << 16;
+      case 2: t |= data[1] << 8;
+      case 3: t |= data[0];
+    }
+
+    t <<= (8 * align);
+
+    data += 4-align;
+    len -= 4-align;
+
+    sl = 8 * (4-align);
+    sr = 8 * align;
+
+    /* Mix */
+
+    while(len >= 4) {
+      uint32_t k;
+
+      d = *(uint32_t *)data;
+      t = (t >> sr) | (d << sl);
+
+      k = t;
+
+      MIX(h,k,m);
+
+      t = d;
+
+      data += 4;
+      len -= 4;
+    }
+
+    /* Handle leftover data in temp registers */
+
+    d = 0;
+
+    if(len >= align) {
+      uint32_t k;
+
+      switch(align) {
+        case 3: d |= data[2] << 16;
+        case 2: d |= data[1] << 8;
+        case 1: d |= data[0];
+      }
+
+      k = (t >> sr) | (d << sl);
+      MIX(h,k,m);
+
+      data += align;
+      len -= align;
+
+      /* ----------
+       * Handle tail bytes */
+
+      switch(len) {
+        case 3: h ^= data[2] << 16;
+        case 2: h ^= data[1] << 8;
+        case 1: h ^= data[0]; h *= m;
+      };
+    } else {
+      switch(len) {
+        case 3: d |= data[2] << 16;
+        case 2: d |= data[1] << 8;
+        case 1: d |= data[0];
+        case 0: h ^= (t >> sr) | (d << sl); h *= m;
+      }
+    }
+
+    h ^= h >> 13;
+    h *= m;
+    h ^= h >> 15;
+
+    return h;
+  } else {
+    while(len >= 4) {
+      uint32_t k = *(uint32_t *)data;
+
+      MIX(h,k,m);
+
+      data += 4;
+      len -= 4;
+    }
+
+    /* ----------
+     * Handle tail bytes */
+
+    switch(len) {
+      case 3: h ^= data[2] << 16;
+      case 2: h ^= data[1] << 8;
+      case 1: h ^= data[0]; h *= m;
+    };
+
+    h ^= h >> 13;
+    h *= m;
+    h ^= h >> 15;
+
+    return h;
+  }
+}
+#undef MIX
+
+#endif /* UPB_UNALIGNED_READS_OK */
+
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+/* Guarantee null-termination and provide ellipsis truncation.
+ * It may be tempting to "optimize" this by initializing these final
+ * four bytes up-front and then being careful never to overwrite them,
+ * this is safer and simpler. */
+static void nullz(upb_status *status) {
+  const char *ellipsis = "...";
+  size_t len = strlen(ellipsis);
+  UPB_ASSERT(sizeof(status->msg) > len);
+  memcpy(status->msg + sizeof(status->msg) - len, ellipsis, len);
+}
+
+/* upb_status *****************************************************************/
+
+void upb_status_clear(upb_status *status) {
+  if (!status) return;
+  status->ok = true;
+  status->msg[0] = '\0';
+}
+
+bool upb_ok(const upb_status *status) { return status->ok; }
+
+const char *upb_status_errmsg(const upb_status *status) { return status->msg; }
+
+void upb_status_seterrmsg(upb_status *status, const char *msg) {
+  if (!status) return;
+  status->ok = false;
+  strncpy(status->msg, msg, sizeof(status->msg));
+  nullz(status);
+}
+
+void upb_status_seterrf(upb_status *status, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+  upb_status_vseterrf(status, fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+}
+
+void upb_status_vseterrf(upb_status *status, const char *fmt, va_list args) {
+  if (!status) return;
+  status->ok = false;
+  _upb_vsnprintf(status->msg, sizeof(status->msg), fmt, args);
+  nullz(status);
+}
+
+/* upb_alloc ******************************************************************/
+
+static void *upb_global_allocfunc(upb_alloc *alloc, void *ptr, size_t oldsize,
+                                  size_t size) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(alloc);
+  UPB_UNUSED(oldsize);
+  if (size == 0) {
+    free(ptr);
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    return realloc(ptr, size);
+  }
+}
+
+upb_alloc upb_alloc_global = {&upb_global_allocfunc};
+
+/* upb_arena ******************************************************************/
+
+/* Be conservative and choose 16 in case anyone is using SSE. */
+static const size_t maxalign = 16;
+
+static size_t align_up_max(size_t size) {
+  return ((size + maxalign - 1) / maxalign) * maxalign;
+}
+
+struct upb_arena {
+  /* We implement the allocator interface.
+   * This must be the first member of upb_arena! */
+  upb_alloc alloc;
+
+  /* Allocator to allocate arena blocks.  We are responsible for freeing these
+   * when we are destroyed. */
+  upb_alloc *block_alloc;
+
+  size_t bytes_allocated;
+  size_t next_block_size;
+  size_t max_block_size;
+
+  /* Linked list of blocks.  Points to an arena_block, defined in env.c */
+  void *block_head;
+
+  /* Cleanup entries.  Pointer to a cleanup_ent, defined in env.c */
+  void *cleanup_head;
+};
+
+typedef struct mem_block {
+  struct mem_block *next;
+  size_t size;
+  size_t used;
+  bool owned;
+  /* Data follows. */
+} mem_block;
+
+typedef struct cleanup_ent {
+  struct cleanup_ent *next;
+  upb_cleanup_func *cleanup;
+  void *ud;
+} cleanup_ent;
+
+static void upb_arena_addblock(upb_arena *a, void *ptr, size_t size,
+                               bool owned) {
+  mem_block *block = ptr;
+
+  block->next = a->block_head;
+  block->size = size;
+  block->used = align_up_max(sizeof(mem_block));
+  block->owned = owned;
+
+  a->block_head = block;
+
+  /* TODO(haberman): ASAN poison. */
+}
+
+static mem_block *upb_arena_allocblock(upb_arena *a, size_t size) {
+  size_t block_size = UPB_MAX(size, a->next_block_size) + sizeof(mem_block);
+  mem_block *block = upb_malloc(a->block_alloc, block_size);
+
+  if (!block) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  upb_arena_addblock(a, block, block_size, true);
+  a->next_block_size = UPB_MIN(block_size * 2, a->max_block_size);
+
+  return block;
+}
+
+static void *upb_arena_doalloc(upb_alloc *alloc, void *ptr, size_t oldsize,
+                               size_t size) {
+  upb_arena *a = (upb_arena*)alloc;  /* upb_alloc is initial member. */
+  mem_block *block = a->block_head;
+  void *ret;
+
+  if (size == 0) {
+    return NULL;  /* We are an arena, don't need individual frees. */
+  }
+
+  size = align_up_max(size);
+
+  /* TODO(haberman): special-case if this is a realloc of the last alloc? */
+
+  if (!block || block->size - block->used < size) {
+    /* Slow path: have to allocate a new block. */
+    block = upb_arena_allocblock(a, size);
+
+    if (!block) {
+      return NULL;  /* Out of memory. */
+    }
+  }
+
+  ret = (char*)block + block->used;
+  block->used += size;
+
+  if (oldsize > 0) {
+    memcpy(ret, ptr, oldsize);  /* Preserve existing data. */
+  }
+
+  /* TODO(haberman): ASAN unpoison. */
+
+  a->bytes_allocated += size;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Public Arena API ***********************************************************/
+
+#define upb_alignof(type) offsetof (struct { char c; type member; }, member)
+
+upb_arena *upb_arena_init(void *mem, size_t n, upb_alloc *alloc) {
+  const size_t first_block_overhead = sizeof(upb_arena) + sizeof(mem_block);
+  upb_arena *a;
+  bool owned = false;
+
+  /* Round block size down to alignof(*a) since we will allocate the arena
+   * itself at the end. */
+  n &= ~(upb_alignof(upb_arena) - 1);
+
+  if (n < first_block_overhead) {
+    /* We need to malloc the initial block. */
+    n = first_block_overhead + 256;
+    owned = true;
+    if (!alloc || !(mem = upb_malloc(alloc, n))) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  a = (void*)((char*)mem + n - sizeof(*a));
+  n -= sizeof(*a);
+
+  a->alloc.func = &upb_arena_doalloc;
+  a->block_alloc = &upb_alloc_global;
+  a->bytes_allocated = 0;
+  a->next_block_size = 256;
+  a->max_block_size = 16384;
+  a->cleanup_head = NULL;
+  a->block_head = NULL;
+  a->block_alloc = alloc;
+
+  upb_arena_addblock(a, mem, n, owned);
+
+  return a;
+}
+
+#undef upb_alignof
+
+void upb_arena_free(upb_arena *a) {
+  cleanup_ent *ent = a->cleanup_head;
+  mem_block *block = a->block_head;
+
+  while (ent) {
+    ent->cleanup(ent->ud);
+    ent = ent->next;
+  }
+
+  /* Must do this after running cleanup functions, because this will delete
+   * the memory we store our cleanup entries in! */
+  while (block) {
+    /* Load first since we are deleting block. */
+    mem_block *next = block->next;
+
+    if (block->owned) {
+      upb_free(a->block_alloc, block);
+    }
+
+    block = next;
+  }
+}
+
+bool upb_arena_addcleanup(upb_arena *a, void *ud, upb_cleanup_func *func) {
+  cleanup_ent *ent = upb_malloc(&a->alloc, sizeof(cleanup_ent));
+  if (!ent) {
+    return false;  /* Out of memory. */
+  }
+
+  ent->cleanup = func;
+  ent->ud = ud;
+  ent->next = a->cleanup_head;
+  a->cleanup_head = ent;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+size_t upb_arena_bytesallocated(const upb_arena *a) {
+  return a->bytes_allocated;
+}
+/* This file was generated by upbc (the upb compiler) from the input
+ * file:
+ *
+ *     google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+ *
+ * Do not edit -- your changes will be discarded when the file is
+ * regenerated. */
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet__fields[1] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_submsgs[6] = {
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_FileOptions_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto__fields[12] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(12, 24), 2, 0, 9, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), 0, 0, 9, 3},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+  {5, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), 0, 1, 11, 3},
+  {6, UPB_SIZE(48, 96), 0, 4, 11, 3},
+  {7, UPB_SIZE(52, 104), 0, 2, 11, 3},
+  {8, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), 4, 3, 11, 1},
+  {9, UPB_SIZE(32, 64), 5, 5, 11, 1},
+  {10, UPB_SIZE(56, 112), 0, 0, 5, 3},
+  {11, UPB_SIZE(60, 120), 0, 0, 5, 3},
+  {12, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), 3, 0, 9, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(64, 128), 12, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_submsgs[8] = {
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_MessageOptions_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_DescriptorProto__fields[10] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), 0, 4, 11, 3},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), 0, 3, 11, 3},
+  {5, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), 0, 1, 11, 3},
+  {6, UPB_SIZE(32, 64), 0, 4, 11, 3},
+  {7, UPB_SIZE(12, 24), 2, 5, 11, 1},
+  {8, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), 0, 6, 11, 3},
+  {9, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), 0, 2, 11, 3},
+  {10, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), 0, 0, 9, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(48, 96), 10, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange__fields[3] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), 1, 0, 5, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 2, 0, 5, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(12, 16), 3, 0, 11, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(16, 24), 3, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange__fields[2] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), 1, 0, 5, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 2, 0, 5, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_msginit = {
+  NULL,
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(12, 12), 2, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions__fields[1] = {
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_FieldOptions_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto__fields[10] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(32, 32), 5, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(40, 48), 6, 0, 9, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(24, 24), 3, 0, 5, 1},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 1, 0, 14, 1},
+  {5, UPB_SIZE(16, 16), 2, 0, 14, 1},
+  {6, UPB_SIZE(48, 64), 7, 0, 9, 1},
+  {7, UPB_SIZE(56, 80), 8, 0, 9, 1},
+  {8, UPB_SIZE(72, 112), 10, 0, 11, 1},
+  {9, UPB_SIZE(28, 28), 4, 0, 5, 1},
+  {10, UPB_SIZE(64, 96), 9, 0, 9, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(80, 128), 10, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_OneofOptions_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto__fields[2] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(12, 24), 2, 0, 11, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(16, 32), 2, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_submsgs[3] = {
+  &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_EnumOptions_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto__fields[5] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), 0, 2, 11, 3},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(12, 24), 2, 1, 11, 1},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+  {5, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), 0, 0, 9, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(32, 64), 5, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange__fields[2] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), 1, 0, 5, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 2, 0, 5, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_msginit = {
+  NULL,
+  &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(12, 12), 2, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto__fields[3] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 2, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), 1, 0, 5, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(16, 24), 3, 0, 11, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(24, 32), 3, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_submsgs[2] = {
+  &google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto__fields[3] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(12, 24), 2, 1, 11, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(24, 48), 3, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_MethodOptions_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto__fields[6] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 3, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(12, 24), 4, 0, 9, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), 5, 0, 9, 1},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), 6, 0, 11, 1},
+  {5, UPB_SIZE(1, 1), 1, 0, 8, 1},
+  {6, UPB_SIZE(2, 2), 2, 0, 8, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(32, 64), 6, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_FileOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_FileOptions__fields[21] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(28, 32), 11, 0, 9, 1},
+  {8, UPB_SIZE(36, 48), 12, 0, 9, 1},
+  {9, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 1, 0, 14, 1},
+  {10, UPB_SIZE(16, 16), 2, 0, 8, 1},
+  {11, UPB_SIZE(44, 64), 13, 0, 9, 1},
+  {16, UPB_SIZE(17, 17), 3, 0, 8, 1},
+  {17, UPB_SIZE(18, 18), 4, 0, 8, 1},
+  {18, UPB_SIZE(19, 19), 5, 0, 8, 1},
+  {20, UPB_SIZE(20, 20), 6, 0, 8, 1},
+  {23, UPB_SIZE(21, 21), 7, 0, 8, 1},
+  {27, UPB_SIZE(22, 22), 8, 0, 8, 1},
+  {31, UPB_SIZE(23, 23), 9, 0, 8, 1},
+  {36, UPB_SIZE(52, 80), 14, 0, 9, 1},
+  {37, UPB_SIZE(60, 96), 15, 0, 9, 1},
+  {39, UPB_SIZE(68, 112), 16, 0, 9, 1},
+  {40, UPB_SIZE(76, 128), 17, 0, 9, 1},
+  {41, UPB_SIZE(84, 144), 18, 0, 9, 1},
+  {42, UPB_SIZE(24, 24), 10, 0, 8, 1},
+  {44, UPB_SIZE(92, 160), 19, 0, 9, 1},
+  {45, UPB_SIZE(100, 176), 20, 0, 9, 1},
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(108, 192), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FileOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_FileOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_FileOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(112, 208), 21, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_MessageOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_MessageOptions__fields[5] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(1, 1), 1, 0, 8, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(2, 2), 2, 0, 8, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(3, 3), 3, 0, 8, 1},
+  {7, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), 4, 0, 8, 1},
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_MessageOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_MessageOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_MessageOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(12, 16), 5, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_FieldOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_FieldOptions__fields[7] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 1, 0, 14, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(24, 24), 3, 0, 8, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(25, 25), 4, 0, 8, 1},
+  {5, UPB_SIZE(26, 26), 5, 0, 8, 1},
+  {6, UPB_SIZE(16, 16), 2, 0, 14, 1},
+  {10, UPB_SIZE(27, 27), 6, 0, 8, 1},
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(28, 32), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FieldOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_FieldOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_FieldOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(32, 40), 7, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_OneofOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_OneofOptions__fields[1] = {
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_OneofOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_OneofOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_OneofOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_EnumOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_EnumOptions__fields[3] = {
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(1, 1), 1, 0, 8, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(2, 2), 2, 0, 8, 1},
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_EnumOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_EnumOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(8, 16), 3, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions__fields[2] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(1, 1), 1, 0, 8, 1},
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(8, 16), 2, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_ServiceOptions__fields[2] = {
+  {33, UPB_SIZE(1, 1), 1, 0, 8, 1},
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_ServiceOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(8, 16), 2, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_MethodOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_MethodOptions__fields[3] = {
+  {33, UPB_SIZE(16, 16), 2, 0, 8, 1},
+  {34, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 1, 0, 14, 1},
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(20, 24), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_MethodOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_MethodOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_MethodOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(24, 32), 3, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption__fields[7] = {
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(56, 80), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(32, 32), 4, 0, 9, 1},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 1, 0, 4, 1},
+  {5, UPB_SIZE(16, 16), 2, 0, 3, 1},
+  {6, UPB_SIZE(24, 24), 3, 0, 1, 1},
+  {7, UPB_SIZE(40, 48), 5, 0, 12, 1},
+  {8, UPB_SIZE(48, 64), 6, 0, 9, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(64, 96), 7, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart__fields[2] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 2, 0, 9, 2},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(1, 1), 1, 0, 8, 2},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_msginit = {
+  NULL,
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(16, 32), 2, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo__fields[1] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location__fields[5] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), 0, 0, 5, 3},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), 0, 0, 5, 3},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, 0, 9, 1},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(12, 24), 2, 0, 9, 1},
+  {6, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), 0, 0, 9, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_msginit = {
+  NULL,
+  &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(32, 64), 5, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo__fields[1] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation__fields[4] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(20, 32), 0, 0, 5, 3},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(12, 16), 3, 0, 9, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), 1, 0, 5, 1},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 2, 0, 5, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_msginit = {
+  NULL,
+  &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(24, 48), 4, false,
+};
+
+
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+typedef struct {
+  size_t len;
+  char str[1];  /* Null-terminated string data follows. */
+} str_t;
+
+static str_t *newstr(upb_alloc *alloc, const char *data, size_t len) {
+  str_t *ret = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*ret) + len);
+  if (!ret) return NULL;
+  ret->len = len;
+  memcpy(ret->str, data, len);
+  ret->str[len] = '\0';
+  return ret;
+}
+
+struct upb_fielddef {
+  const upb_filedef *file;
+  const upb_msgdef *msgdef;
+  const char *full_name;
+  union {
+    int64_t sint;
+    uint64_t uint;
+    double dbl;
+    float flt;
+    bool boolean;
+    str_t *str;
+  } defaultval;
+  const upb_oneofdef *oneof;
+  union {
+    const upb_msgdef *msgdef;
+    const upb_enumdef *enumdef;
+    const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *unresolved;
+  } sub;
+  uint32_t number_;
+  uint32_t index_;
+  uint32_t selector_base;  /* Used to index into a upb::Handlers table. */
+  bool is_extension_;
+  bool lazy_;
+  bool packed_;
+  upb_descriptortype_t type_;
+  upb_label_t label_;
+};
+
+struct upb_msgdef {
+  const upb_filedef *file;
+  const char *full_name;
+  uint32_t selector_count;
+  uint32_t submsg_field_count;
+
+  /* Tables for looking up fields by number and name. */
+  upb_inttable itof;
+  upb_strtable ntof;
+
+  const upb_fielddef *fields;
+  const upb_oneofdef *oneofs;
+  int field_count;
+  int oneof_count;
+
+  /* Is this a map-entry message? */
+  bool map_entry;
+  upb_wellknowntype_t well_known_type;
+
+  /* TODO(haberman): proper extension ranges (there can be multiple). */
+};
+
+struct upb_enumdef {
+  const upb_filedef *file;
+  const char *full_name;
+  upb_strtable ntoi;
+  upb_inttable iton;
+  int32_t defaultval;
+};
+
+struct upb_oneofdef {
+  const upb_msgdef *parent;
+  const char *full_name;
+  uint32_t index;
+  upb_strtable ntof;
+  upb_inttable itof;
+};
+
+struct upb_filedef {
+  const char *name;
+  const char *package;
+  const char *phpprefix;
+  const char *phpnamespace;
+  upb_syntax_t syntax;
+
+  const upb_filedef **deps;
+  const upb_msgdef *msgs;
+  const upb_enumdef *enums;
+  const upb_fielddef *exts;
+
+  int dep_count;
+  int msg_count;
+  int enum_count;
+  int ext_count;
+};
+
+struct upb_symtab {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  upb_strtable syms;  /* full_name -> packed def ptr */
+  upb_strtable files;  /* file_name -> upb_filedef* */
+};
+
+/* Inside a symtab we store tagged pointers to specific def types. */
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_DEFTYPE_MSG = 0,
+  UPB_DEFTYPE_ENUM = 1,
+  UPB_DEFTYPE_FIELD = 2,
+  UPB_DEFTYPE_ONEOF = 3
+} upb_deftype_t;
+
+static const void *unpack_def(upb_value v, upb_deftype_t type) {
+  uintptr_t num = (uintptr_t)upb_value_getconstptr(v);
+  return (num & 3) == type ? (const void*)(num & ~3) : NULL;
+}
+
+static upb_value pack_def(const void *ptr, upb_deftype_t type) {
+  uintptr_t num = (uintptr_t)ptr | type;
+  return upb_value_constptr((const void*)num);
+}
+
+/* isalpha() etc. from <ctype.h> are locale-dependent, which we don't want. */
+static bool upb_isbetween(char c, char low, char high) {
+  return c >= low && c <= high;
+}
+
+static bool upb_isletter(char c) {
+  return upb_isbetween(c, 'A', 'Z') || upb_isbetween(c, 'a', 'z') || c == '_';
+}
+
+static bool upb_isalphanum(char c) {
+  return upb_isletter(c) || upb_isbetween(c, '0', '9');
+}
+
+static bool upb_isident(upb_strview name, bool full, upb_status *s) {
+  const char *str = name.data;
+  size_t len = name.size;
+  bool start = true;
+  size_t i;
+  for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    char c = str[i];
+    if (c == '.') {
+      if (start || !full) {
+        upb_status_seterrf(s, "invalid name: unexpected '.' (%s)", str);
+        return false;
+      }
+      start = true;
+    } else if (start) {
+      if (!upb_isletter(c)) {
+        upb_status_seterrf(
+            s, "invalid name: path components must start with a letter (%s)",
+            str);
+        return false;
+      }
+      start = false;
+    } else {
+      if (!upb_isalphanum(c)) {
+        upb_status_seterrf(s, "invalid name: non-alphanumeric character (%s)",
+                           str);
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return !start;
+}
+
+static const char *shortdefname(const char *fullname) {
+  const char *p;
+
+  if (fullname == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  } else if ((p = strrchr(fullname, '.')) == NULL) {
+    /* No '.' in the name, return the full string. */
+    return fullname;
+  } else {
+    /* Return one past the last '.'. */
+    return p + 1;
+  }
+}
+
+/* All submessage fields are lower than all other fields.
+ * Secondly, fields are increasing in order. */
+uint32_t field_rank(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  uint32_t ret = upb_fielddef_number(f);
+  const uint32_t high_bit = 1 << 30;
+  UPB_ASSERT(ret < high_bit);
+  if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f))
+    ret |= high_bit;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+int cmp_fields(const void *p1, const void *p2) {
+  const upb_fielddef *f1 = *(upb_fielddef*const*)p1;
+  const upb_fielddef *f2 = *(upb_fielddef*const*)p2;
+  return field_rank(f1) - field_rank(f2);
+}
+
+/* A few implementation details of handlers.  We put these here to avoid
+ * a def -> handlers dependency. */
+
+#define UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT 3  /* Warning: also in upb/handlers.h. */
+
+static uint32_t upb_handlers_selectorbaseoffset(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return upb_fielddef_isseq(f) ? 2 : 0;
+}
+
+static uint32_t upb_handlers_selectorcount(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  uint32_t ret = 1;
+  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) ret += 2;    /* STARTSEQ/ENDSEQ */
+  if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f)) ret += 2; /* [STRING]/STARTSTR/ENDSTR */
+  if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+    /* ENDSUBMSG (STARTSUBMSG is at table beginning) */
+    ret += 0;
+    if (upb_fielddef_lazy(f)) {
+      /* STARTSTR/ENDSTR/STRING (for lazy) */
+      ret += 3;
+    }
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static bool assign_msg_indices(upb_msgdef *m, upb_status *s) {
+  /* Sort fields.  upb internally relies on UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE fields having the
+   * lowest indexes, but we do not publicly guarantee this. */
+  upb_msg_field_iter j;
+  upb_msg_oneof_iter k;
+  int i;
+  uint32_t selector;
+  int n = upb_msgdef_numfields(m);
+  upb_fielddef **fields;
+
+  if (n == 0) {
+    m->selector_count = UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT;
+    m->submsg_field_count = 0;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  fields = upb_gmalloc(n * sizeof(*fields));
+  if (!fields) {
+    upb_status_setoom(s);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  m->submsg_field_count = 0;
+  for(i = 0, upb_msg_field_begin(&j, m);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&j);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&j), i++) {
+    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&j);
+    UPB_ASSERT(f->msgdef == m);
+    if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      m->submsg_field_count++;
+    }
+    fields[i] = f;
+  }
+
+  qsort(fields, n, sizeof(*fields), cmp_fields);
+
+  selector = UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT + m->submsg_field_count;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    upb_fielddef *f = fields[i];
+    f->index_ = i;
+    f->selector_base = selector + upb_handlers_selectorbaseoffset(f);
+    selector += upb_handlers_selectorcount(f);
+  }
+  m->selector_count = selector;
+
+  for(upb_msg_oneof_begin(&k, m), i = 0;
+      !upb_msg_oneof_done(&k);
+      upb_msg_oneof_next(&k), i++) {
+    upb_oneofdef *o = (upb_oneofdef*)upb_msg_iter_oneof(&k);
+    o->index = i;
+  }
+
+  upb_gfree(fields);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void assign_msg_wellknowntype(upb_msgdef *m) {
+  const char *name = upb_msgdef_fullname(m);
+  if (name == NULL) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.Any")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.FieldMask")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.Duration")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.Timestamp")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.DoubleValue")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_DOUBLEVALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.FloatValue")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_FLOATVALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.Int64Value")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT64VALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.UInt64Value")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT64VALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.Int32Value")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT32VALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.UInt32Value")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT32VALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.BoolValue")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.StringValue")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRINGVALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.BytesValue")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_BYTESVALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.Value")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.ListValue")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.Struct")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRUCT;
+  } else {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* upb_enumdef ****************************************************************/
+
+const char *upb_enumdef_fullname(const upb_enumdef *e) {
+  return e->full_name;
+}
+
+const char *upb_enumdef_name(const upb_enumdef *e) {
+  return shortdefname(e->full_name);
+}
+
+const upb_filedef *upb_enumdef_file(const upb_enumdef *e) {
+  return e->file;
+}
+
+int32_t upb_enumdef_default(const upb_enumdef *e) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_enumdef_iton(e, e->defaultval));
+  return e->defaultval;
+}
+
+int upb_enumdef_numvals(const upb_enumdef *e) {
+  return upb_strtable_count(&e->ntoi);
+}
+
+void upb_enum_begin(upb_enum_iter *i, const upb_enumdef *e) {
+  /* We iterate over the ntoi table, to account for duplicate numbers. */
+  upb_strtable_begin(i, &e->ntoi);
+}
+
+void upb_enum_next(upb_enum_iter *iter) { upb_strtable_next(iter); }
+bool upb_enum_done(upb_enum_iter *iter) { return upb_strtable_done(iter); }
+
+bool upb_enumdef_ntoi(const upb_enumdef *def, const char *name,
+                      size_t len, int32_t *num) {
+  upb_value v;
+  if (!upb_strtable_lookup2(&def->ntoi, name, len, &v)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (num) *num = upb_value_getint32(v);
+  return true;
+}
+
+const char *upb_enumdef_iton(const upb_enumdef *def, int32_t num) {
+  upb_value v;
+  return upb_inttable_lookup32(&def->iton, num, &v) ?
+      upb_value_getcstr(v) : NULL;
+}
+
+const char *upb_enum_iter_name(upb_enum_iter *iter) {
+  return upb_strtable_iter_key(iter);
+}
+
+int32_t upb_enum_iter_number(upb_enum_iter *iter) {
+  return upb_value_getint32(upb_strtable_iter_value(iter));
+}
+
+
+/* upb_fielddef ***************************************************************/
+
+const char *upb_fielddef_fullname(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->full_name;
+}
+
+upb_fieldtype_t upb_fielddef_type(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  switch (f->type_) {
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return UPB_TYPE_FLOAT;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return UPB_TYPE_INT64;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32:
+      return UPB_TYPE_INT32;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return UPB_TYPE_UINT64;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return UPB_TYPE_UINT32;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM:
+      return UPB_TYPE_ENUM;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BOOL:
+      return UPB_TYPE_BOOL;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING:
+      return UPB_TYPE_STRING;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES:
+      return UPB_TYPE_BYTES;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE;
+  }
+  UPB_UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+upb_descriptortype_t upb_fielddef_descriptortype(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->type_;
+}
+
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_index(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->index_;
+}
+
+upb_label_t upb_fielddef_label(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->label_;
+}
+
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_number(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->number_;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_isextension(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->is_extension_;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_lazy(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->lazy_;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_packed(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->packed_;
+}
+
+const char *upb_fielddef_name(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return shortdefname(f->full_name);
+}
+
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_selectorbase(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->selector_base;
+}
+
+size_t upb_fielddef_getjsonname(const upb_fielddef *f, char *buf, size_t len) {
+  const char *name = upb_fielddef_name(f);
+  size_t src, dst = 0;
+  bool ucase_next = false;
+
+#define WRITE(byte) \
+  ++dst; \
+  if (dst < len) buf[dst - 1] = byte; \
+  else if (dst == len) buf[dst - 1] = '\0'
+
+  if (!name) {
+    WRITE('\0');
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /* Implement the transformation as described in the spec:
+   *   1. upper case all letters after an underscore.
+   *   2. remove all underscores.
+   */
+  for (src = 0; name[src]; src++) {
+    if (name[src] == '_') {
+      ucase_next = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (ucase_next) {
+      WRITE(toupper(name[src]));
+      ucase_next = false;
+    } else {
+      WRITE(name[src]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  WRITE('\0');
+  return dst;
+
+#undef WRITE
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *upb_fielddef_containingtype(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->msgdef;
+}
+
+const upb_oneofdef *upb_fielddef_containingoneof(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->oneof;
+}
+
+static void chkdefaulttype(const upb_fielddef *f, int ctype) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);
+  UPB_UNUSED(ctype);
+}
+
+int64_t upb_fielddef_defaultint64(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_INT64);
+  return f->defaultval.sint;
+}
+
+int32_t upb_fielddef_defaultint32(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_INT32);
+  return f->defaultval.sint;
+}
+
+uint64_t upb_fielddef_defaultuint64(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_UINT64);
+  return f->defaultval.uint;
+}
+
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_defaultuint32(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_UINT32);
+  return f->defaultval.uint;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_defaultbool(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_BOOL);
+  return f->defaultval.boolean;
+}
+
+float upb_fielddef_defaultfloat(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_FLOAT);
+  return f->defaultval.flt;
+}
+
+double upb_fielddef_defaultdouble(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE);
+  return f->defaultval.dbl;
+}
+
+const char *upb_fielddef_defaultstr(const upb_fielddef *f, size_t *len) {
+  str_t *str = f->defaultval.str;
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_STRING ||
+         upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_BYTES ||
+         upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM);
+  if (str) {
+    if (len) *len = str->len;
+    return str->str;
+  } else {
+    if (len) *len = 0;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE);
+  return f->sub.msgdef;
+}
+
+const upb_enumdef *upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM);
+  return f->sub.enumdef;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_issubmsg(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_isstring(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_STRING ||
+         upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_BYTES;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_isseq(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return upb_fielddef_label(f) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_isprimitive(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return !upb_fielddef_isstring(f) && !upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f);
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_ismap(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return upb_fielddef_isseq(f) && upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f) &&
+         upb_msgdef_mapentry(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f));
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_hassubdef(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f) || upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_haspresence(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) return false;
+  if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) return true;
+  return f->file->syntax == UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO2;
+}
+
+static bool between(int32_t x, int32_t low, int32_t high) {
+  return x >= low && x <= high;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_checklabel(int32_t label) { return between(label, 1, 3); }
+bool upb_fielddef_checktype(int32_t type) { return between(type, 1, 11); }
+bool upb_fielddef_checkintfmt(int32_t fmt) { return between(fmt, 1, 3); }
+
+bool upb_fielddef_checkdescriptortype(int32_t type) {
+  return between(type, 1, 18);
+}
+
+/* upb_msgdef *****************************************************************/
+
+const char *upb_msgdef_fullname(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return m->full_name;
+}
+
+const upb_filedef *upb_msgdef_file(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return m->file;
+}
+
+const char *upb_msgdef_name(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return shortdefname(m->full_name);
+}
+
+upb_syntax_t upb_msgdef_syntax(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return m->file->syntax;
+}
+
+size_t upb_msgdef_selectorcount(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return m->selector_count;
+}
+
+uint32_t upb_msgdef_submsgfieldcount(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return m->submsg_field_count;
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef *upb_msgdef_itof(const upb_msgdef *m, uint32_t i) {
+  upb_value val;
+  return upb_inttable_lookup32(&m->itof, i, &val) ?
+      upb_value_getconstptr(val) : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef *upb_msgdef_ntof(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name,
+                                    size_t len) {
+  upb_value val;
+
+  if (!upb_strtable_lookup2(&m->ntof, name, len, &val)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return unpack_def(val, UPB_DEFTYPE_FIELD);
+}
+
+const upb_oneofdef *upb_msgdef_ntoo(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name,
+                                    size_t len) {
+  upb_value val;
+
+  if (!upb_strtable_lookup2(&m->ntof, name, len, &val)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return unpack_def(val, UPB_DEFTYPE_ONEOF);
+}
+
+bool upb_msgdef_lookupname(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name, size_t len,
+                           const upb_fielddef **f, const upb_oneofdef **o) {
+  upb_value val;
+
+  if (!upb_strtable_lookup2(&m->ntof, name, len, &val)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  *o = unpack_def(val, UPB_DEFTYPE_ONEOF);
+  *f = unpack_def(val, UPB_DEFTYPE_FIELD);
+  UPB_ASSERT((*o != NULL) ^ (*f != NULL));  /* Exactly one of the two should be set. */
+  return true;
+}
+
+int upb_msgdef_numfields(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  /* The number table contains only fields. */
+  return upb_inttable_count(&m->itof);
+}
+
+int upb_msgdef_numoneofs(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  /* The name table includes oneofs, and the number table does not. */
+  return upb_strtable_count(&m->ntof) - upb_inttable_count(&m->itof);
+}
+
+bool upb_msgdef_mapentry(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return m->map_entry;
+}
+
+upb_wellknowntype_t upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return m->well_known_type;
+}
+
+bool upb_msgdef_isnumberwrapper(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  upb_wellknowntype_t type = upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(m);
+  return type >= UPB_WELLKNOWN_DOUBLEVALUE &&
+         type <= UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT32VALUE;
+}
+
+void upb_msg_field_begin(upb_msg_field_iter *iter, const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  upb_inttable_begin(iter, &m->itof);
+}
+
+void upb_msg_field_next(upb_msg_field_iter *iter) { upb_inttable_next(iter); }
+
+bool upb_msg_field_done(const upb_msg_field_iter *iter) {
+  return upb_inttable_done(iter);
+}
+
+upb_fielddef *upb_msg_iter_field(const upb_msg_field_iter *iter) {
+  return (upb_fielddef *)upb_value_getconstptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(iter));
+}
+
+void upb_msg_field_iter_setdone(upb_msg_field_iter *iter) {
+  upb_inttable_iter_setdone(iter);
+}
+
+bool upb_msg_field_iter_isequal(const upb_msg_field_iter * iter1,
+                                const upb_msg_field_iter * iter2) {
+  return upb_inttable_iter_isequal(iter1, iter2);
+}
+
+void upb_msg_oneof_begin(upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter, const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  upb_strtable_begin(iter, &m->ntof);
+  /* We need to skip past any initial fields. */
+  while (!upb_strtable_done(iter) &&
+         !unpack_def(upb_strtable_iter_value(iter), UPB_DEFTYPE_ONEOF)) {
+    upb_strtable_next(iter);
+  }
+}
+
+void upb_msg_oneof_next(upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  /* We need to skip past fields to return only oneofs. */
+  do {
+    upb_strtable_next(iter);
+  } while (!upb_strtable_done(iter) &&
+           !unpack_def(upb_strtable_iter_value(iter), UPB_DEFTYPE_ONEOF));
+}
+
+bool upb_msg_oneof_done(const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  return upb_strtable_done(iter);
+}
+
+const upb_oneofdef *upb_msg_iter_oneof(const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  return unpack_def(upb_strtable_iter_value(iter), UPB_DEFTYPE_ONEOF);
+}
+
+void upb_msg_oneof_iter_setdone(upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  upb_strtable_iter_setdone(iter);
+}
+
+bool upb_msg_oneof_iter_isequal(const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter1,
+                                const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter2) {
+  return upb_strtable_iter_isequal(iter1, iter2);
+}
+
+/* upb_oneofdef ***************************************************************/
+
+const char *upb_oneofdef_name(const upb_oneofdef *o) {
+  return shortdefname(o->full_name);
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *upb_oneofdef_containingtype(const upb_oneofdef *o) {
+  return o->parent;
+}
+
+int upb_oneofdef_numfields(const upb_oneofdef *o) {
+  return upb_strtable_count(&o->ntof);
+}
+
+uint32_t upb_oneofdef_index(const upb_oneofdef *o) {
+  return o->index;
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef *upb_oneofdef_ntof(const upb_oneofdef *o,
+                                      const char *name, size_t length) {
+  upb_value val;
+  return upb_strtable_lookup2(&o->ntof, name, length, &val) ?
+      upb_value_getptr(val) : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef *upb_oneofdef_itof(const upb_oneofdef *o, uint32_t num) {
+  upb_value val;
+  return upb_inttable_lookup32(&o->itof, num, &val) ?
+      upb_value_getptr(val) : NULL;
+}
+
+void upb_oneof_begin(upb_oneof_iter *iter, const upb_oneofdef *o) {
+  upb_inttable_begin(iter, &o->itof);
+}
+
+void upb_oneof_next(upb_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  upb_inttable_next(iter);
+}
+
+bool upb_oneof_done(upb_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  return upb_inttable_done(iter);
+}
+
+upb_fielddef *upb_oneof_iter_field(const upb_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  return (upb_fielddef *)upb_value_getconstptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(iter));
+}
+
+void upb_oneof_iter_setdone(upb_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  upb_inttable_iter_setdone(iter);
+}
+
+/* Code to build defs from descriptor protos. *********************************/
+
+/* There is a question of how much validation to do here.  It will be difficult
+ * to perfectly match the amount of validation performed by proto2.  But since
+ * this code is used to directly build defs from Ruby (for example) we do need
+ * to validate important constraints like uniqueness of names and numbers. */
+
+#define CHK(x) if (!(x)) { return false; }
+#define CHK_OOM(x) if (!(x)) { upb_status_setoom(ctx->status); return false; }
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_symtab *symtab;
+  upb_filedef *file;  /* File we are building. */
+  upb_alloc *alloc;    /* Allocate defs here. */
+  upb_alloc *tmp;      /* Alloc for addtab and any other tmp data. */
+  upb_strtable *addtab;  /* full_name -> packed def ptr for new defs. */
+  upb_status *status;  /* Record errors here. */
+} symtab_addctx;
+
+static char* strviewdup(const symtab_addctx *ctx, upb_strview view) {
+  return upb_strdup2(view.data, view.size, ctx->alloc);
+}
+
+static bool streql2(const char *a, size_t n, const char *b) {
+  return n == strlen(b) && memcmp(a, b, n) == 0;
+}
+
+static bool streql_view(upb_strview view, const char *b) {
+  return streql2(view.data, view.size, b);
+}
+
+static const char *makefullname(const symtab_addctx *ctx, const char *prefix,
+                                upb_strview name) {
+  if (prefix) {
+    /* ret = prefix + '.' + name; */
+    size_t n = strlen(prefix);
+    char *ret = upb_malloc(ctx->alloc, n + name.size + 2);
+    CHK_OOM(ret);
+    strcpy(ret, prefix);
+    ret[n] = '.';
+    memcpy(&ret[n + 1], name.data, name.size);
+    ret[n + 1 + name.size] = '\0';
+    return ret;
+  } else {
+    return strviewdup(ctx, name);
+  }
+}
+
+static bool symtab_add(const symtab_addctx *ctx, const char *name,
+                       upb_value v) {
+  upb_value tmp;
+  if (upb_strtable_lookup(ctx->addtab, name, &tmp) ||
+      upb_strtable_lookup(&ctx->symtab->syms, name, &tmp)) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "duplicate symbol '%s'", name);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  CHK_OOM(upb_strtable_insert3(ctx->addtab, name, strlen(name), v, ctx->tmp));
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Given a symbol and the base symbol inside which it is defined, find the
+ * symbol's definition in t. */
+static bool resolvename(const upb_strtable *t, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                        const char *base, upb_strview sym,
+                        upb_deftype_t type, upb_status *status,
+                        const void **def) {
+  if(sym.size == 0) return NULL;
+  if(sym.data[0] == '.') {
+    /* Symbols starting with '.' are absolute, so we do a single lookup.
+     * Slice to omit the leading '.' */
+    upb_value v;
+    if (!upb_strtable_lookup2(t, sym.data + 1, sym.size - 1, &v)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    *def = unpack_def(v, type);
+
+    if (!*def) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(status,
+                         "type mismatch when resolving field %s, name %s",
+                         f->full_name, sym.data);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    /* Remove components from base until we find an entry or run out.
+     * TODO: This branch is totally broken, but currently not used. */
+    (void)base;
+    UPB_ASSERT(false);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+const void *symtab_resolve(const symtab_addctx *ctx, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                           const char *base, upb_strview sym,
+                           upb_deftype_t type) {
+  const void *ret;
+  if (!resolvename(ctx->addtab, f, base, sym, type, ctx->status, &ret) &&
+      !resolvename(&ctx->symtab->syms, f, base, sym, type, ctx->status, &ret)) {
+    if (upb_ok(ctx->status)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "couldn't resolve name '%s'", sym.data);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static bool create_oneofdef(
+    const symtab_addctx *ctx, upb_msgdef *m,
+    const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *oneof_proto) {
+  upb_oneofdef *o;
+  upb_strview name = google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_name(oneof_proto);
+  upb_value v;
+
+  o = (upb_oneofdef*)&m->oneofs[m->oneof_count++];
+  o->parent = m;
+  o->full_name = makefullname(ctx, m->full_name, name);
+
+  v = pack_def(o, UPB_DEFTYPE_ONEOF);
+  CHK_OOM(symtab_add(ctx, o->full_name, v));
+  CHK_OOM(upb_strtable_insert3(&m->ntof, name.data, name.size, v, ctx->alloc));
+
+  CHK_OOM(upb_inttable_init2(&o->itof, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, ctx->alloc));
+  CHK_OOM(upb_strtable_init2(&o->ntof, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, ctx->alloc));
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool parse_default(const symtab_addctx *ctx, const char *str, size_t len,
+                          upb_fielddef *f) {
+  char *end;
+  char nullz[64];
+  errno = 0;
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      /* Standard C number parsing functions expect null-terminated strings. */
+      if (len >= sizeof(nullz) - 1) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      memcpy(nullz, str, len);
+      nullz[len] = '\0';
+      str = nullz;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32: {
+      long val = strtol(str, &end, 0);
+      CHK(val <= INT32_MAX && val >= INT32_MIN && errno != ERANGE && !*end);
+      f->defaultval.sint = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      const upb_enumdef *e = f->sub.enumdef;
+      int32_t val;
+      CHK(upb_enumdef_ntoi(e, str, len, &val));
+      f->defaultval.sint = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64: {
+      /* XXX: Need to write our own strtoll, since it's not available in c89. */
+      long long val = strtol(str, &end, 0);
+      CHK(val <= INT64_MAX && val >= INT64_MIN && errno != ERANGE && !*end);
+      f->defaultval.sint = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32: {
+      unsigned long val = strtoul(str, &end, 0);
+      CHK(val <= UINT32_MAX && errno != ERANGE && !*end);
+      f->defaultval.uint = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64: {
+      /* XXX: Need to write our own strtoull, since it's not available in c89. */
+      unsigned long long val = strtoul(str, &end, 0);
+      CHK(val <= UINT64_MAX && errno != ERANGE && !*end);
+      f->defaultval.uint = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      double val = strtod(str, &end);
+      CHK(errno != ERANGE && !*end);
+      f->defaultval.dbl = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      /* XXX: Need to write our own strtof, since it's not available in c89. */
+      float val = strtod(str, &end);
+      CHK(errno != ERANGE && !*end);
+      f->defaultval.flt = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL: {
+      if (streql2(str, len, "false")) {
+        f->defaultval.boolean = false;
+      } else if (streql2(str, len, "true")) {
+        f->defaultval.boolean = true;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      f->defaultval.str = newstr(ctx->alloc, str, len);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      /* XXX: need to interpret the C-escaped value. */
+      f->defaultval.str = newstr(ctx->alloc, str, len);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      /* Should not have a default value. */
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void set_default_default(const symtab_addctx *ctx, upb_fielddef *f) {
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+      f->defaultval.sint = 0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+      f->defaultval.uint = 0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      f->defaultval.dbl = 0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      f->defaultval.str = newstr(ctx->alloc, NULL, 0);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      f->defaultval.boolean = false;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool create_fielddef(
+    const symtab_addctx *ctx, const char *prefix, upb_msgdef *m,
+    const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *field_proto) {
+  upb_alloc *alloc = ctx->alloc;
+  upb_fielddef *f;
+  const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *options;
+  upb_strview name;
+  const char *full_name;
+  const char *shortname;
+  uint32_t field_number;
+
+  if (!google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_name(field_proto)) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(ctx->status, "field has no name");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  name = google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_name(field_proto);
+  CHK(upb_isident(name, false, ctx->status));
+  full_name = makefullname(ctx, prefix, name);
+  shortname = shortdefname(full_name);
+
+  field_number = google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_number(field_proto);
+
+  if (field_number == 0 || field_number > UPB_MAX_FIELDNUMBER) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "invalid field number (%u)", field_number);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (m) {
+    /* direct message field. */
+    upb_value v, packed_v;
+
+    f = (upb_fielddef*)&m->fields[m->field_count++];
+    f->msgdef = m;
+    f->is_extension_ = false;
+
+    packed_v = pack_def(f, UPB_DEFTYPE_FIELD);
+    v = upb_value_constptr(f);
+
+    if (!upb_strtable_insert3(&m->ntof, name.data, name.size, packed_v, alloc)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "duplicate field name (%s)", shortname);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!upb_inttable_insert2(&m->itof, field_number, v, alloc)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "duplicate field number (%u)",
+                         field_number);
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    /* extension field. */
+    f = (upb_fielddef*)&ctx->file->exts[ctx->file->ext_count];
+    f->is_extension_ = true;
+    CHK_OOM(symtab_add(ctx, full_name, pack_def(f, UPB_DEFTYPE_FIELD)));
+  }
+
+  f->full_name = full_name;
+  f->file = ctx->file;
+  f->type_ = (int)google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_type(field_proto);
+  f->label_ = (int)google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_label(field_proto);
+  f->number_ = field_number;
+  f->oneof = NULL;
+
+  /* We can't resolve the subdef or (in the case of extensions) the containing
+   * message yet, because it may not have been defined yet.  We stash a pointer
+   * to the field_proto until later when we can properly resolve it. */
+  f->sub.unresolved = field_proto;
+
+  if (f->label_ == UPB_LABEL_REQUIRED && f->file->syntax == UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "proto3 fields cannot be required (%s)",
+                       f->full_name);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_oneof_index(field_proto)) {
+    int oneof_index =
+        google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_oneof_index(field_proto);
+    upb_oneofdef *oneof;
+    upb_value v = upb_value_constptr(f);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_label(f) != UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "fields in oneof must have OPTIONAL label (%s)",
+                         f->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!m) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "oneof_index provided for extension field (%s)",
+                         f->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (oneof_index >= m->oneof_count) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "oneof_index out of range (%s)",
+                         f->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    oneof = (upb_oneofdef*)&m->oneofs[oneof_index];
+    f->oneof = oneof;
+
+    CHK(upb_inttable_insert2(&oneof->itof, f->number_, v, alloc));
+    CHK(upb_strtable_insert3(&oneof->ntof, name.data, name.size, v, alloc));
+  } else {
+    f->oneof = NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_options(field_proto)) {
+    options = google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_options(field_proto);
+    f->lazy_ = google_protobuf_FieldOptions_lazy(options);
+    f->packed_ = google_protobuf_FieldOptions_packed(options);
+  } else {
+    f->lazy_ = false;
+    f->packed_ = false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool create_enumdef(
+    const symtab_addctx *ctx, const char *prefix,
+    const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *enum_proto) {
+  upb_enumdef *e;
+  const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *const *values;
+  upb_strview name;
+  size_t i, n;
+
+  name = google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_name(enum_proto);
+  CHK(upb_isident(name, false, ctx->status));
+
+  e = (upb_enumdef*)&ctx->file->enums[ctx->file->enum_count++];
+  e->full_name = makefullname(ctx, prefix, name);
+  CHK_OOM(symtab_add(ctx, e->full_name, pack_def(e, UPB_DEFTYPE_ENUM)));
+
+  CHK_OOM(upb_strtable_init2(&e->ntoi, UPB_CTYPE_INT32, ctx->alloc));
+  CHK_OOM(upb_inttable_init2(&e->iton, UPB_CTYPE_CSTR, ctx->alloc));
+
+  e->file = ctx->file;
+  e->defaultval = 0;
+
+  values = google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_value(enum_proto, &n);
+
+  if (n == 0) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                       "enums must contain at least one value (%s)",
+                       e->full_name);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *value = values[i];
+    upb_strview name = google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_name(value);
+    char *name2 = strviewdup(ctx, name);
+    int32_t num = google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_number(value);
+    upb_value v = upb_value_int32(num);
+
+    if (i == 0 && e->file->syntax == UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO3 && num != 0) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "for proto3, the first enum value must be zero (%s)",
+                         e->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (upb_strtable_lookup(&e->ntoi, name2, NULL)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "duplicate enum label '%s'", name2);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    CHK_OOM(name2)
+    CHK_OOM(
+        upb_strtable_insert3(&e->ntoi, name2, strlen(name2), v, ctx->alloc));
+
+    if (!upb_inttable_lookup(&e->iton, num, NULL)) {
+      upb_value v = upb_value_cstr(name2);
+      CHK_OOM(upb_inttable_insert2(&e->iton, num, v, ctx->alloc));
+    }
+  }
+
+  upb_inttable_compact2(&e->iton, ctx->alloc);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool create_msgdef(const symtab_addctx *ctx, const char *prefix,
+                          const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg_proto) {
+  upb_msgdef *m;
+  const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *options;
+  const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *const *oneofs;
+  const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *const *fields;
+  const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *const *enums;
+  const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *const *msgs;
+  size_t i, n;
+  upb_strview name;
+
+  name = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_name(msg_proto);
+  CHK(upb_isident(name, false, ctx->status));
+
+  m = (upb_msgdef*)&ctx->file->msgs[ctx->file->msg_count++];
+  m->full_name = makefullname(ctx, prefix, name);
+  CHK_OOM(symtab_add(ctx, m->full_name, pack_def(m, UPB_DEFTYPE_MSG)));
+
+  CHK_OOM(upb_inttable_init2(&m->itof, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, ctx->alloc));
+  CHK_OOM(upb_strtable_init2(&m->ntof, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, ctx->alloc));
+
+  m->file = ctx->file;
+  m->map_entry = false;
+
+  options = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_options(msg_proto);
+
+  if (options) {
+    m->map_entry = google_protobuf_MessageOptions_map_entry(options);
+  }
+
+  oneofs = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_oneof_decl(msg_proto, &n);
+  m->oneof_count = 0;
+  m->oneofs = upb_malloc(ctx->alloc, sizeof(*m->oneofs) * n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    CHK(create_oneofdef(ctx, m, oneofs[i]));
+  }
+
+  fields = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_field(msg_proto, &n);
+  m->field_count = 0;
+  m->fields = upb_malloc(ctx->alloc, sizeof(*m->fields) * n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    CHK(create_fielddef(ctx, m->full_name, m, fields[i]));
+  }
+
+  CHK(assign_msg_indices(m, ctx->status));
+  assign_msg_wellknowntype(m);
+  upb_inttable_compact2(&m->itof, ctx->alloc);
+
+  /* This message is built.  Now build nested messages and enums. */
+
+  enums = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_enum_type(msg_proto, &n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    CHK(create_enumdef(ctx, m->full_name, enums[i]));
+  }
+
+  msgs = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_nested_type(msg_proto, &n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    CHK(create_msgdef(ctx, m->full_name, msgs[i]));
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  int msg_count;
+  int enum_count;
+  int ext_count;
+} decl_counts;
+
+static void count_types_in_msg(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg_proto,
+                               decl_counts *counts) {
+  const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *const *msgs;
+  size_t i, n;
+
+  counts->msg_count++;
+
+  msgs = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_nested_type(msg_proto, &n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    count_types_in_msg(msgs[i], counts);
+  }
+
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_enum_type(msg_proto, &n);
+  counts->enum_count += n;
+
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_extension(msg_proto, &n);
+  counts->ext_count += n;
+}
+
+static void count_types_in_file(
+    const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *file_proto,
+    decl_counts *counts) {
+  const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *const *msgs;
+  size_t i, n;
+
+  msgs = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_message_type(file_proto, &n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    count_types_in_msg(msgs[i], counts);
+  }
+
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_enum_type(file_proto, &n);
+  counts->enum_count += n;
+
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_extension(file_proto, &n);
+  counts->ext_count += n;
+}
+
+static bool resolve_fielddef(const symtab_addctx *ctx, const char *prefix,
+                             upb_fielddef *f) {
+  upb_strview name;
+  const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *field_proto = f->sub.unresolved;
+
+  if (f->is_extension_) {
+    if (!google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_extendee(field_proto)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "extension for field '%s' had no extendee",
+                         f->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    name = google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_extendee(field_proto);
+    f->msgdef = symtab_resolve(ctx, f, prefix, name, UPB_DEFTYPE_MSG);
+    CHK(f->msgdef);
+  }
+
+  if ((upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f) || f->type_ == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM) &&
+      !google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_type_name(field_proto)) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "field '%s' is missing type name",
+                       f->full_name);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  name = google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_type_name(field_proto);
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+    f->sub.msgdef = symtab_resolve(ctx, f, prefix, name, UPB_DEFTYPE_MSG);
+    CHK(f->sub.msgdef);
+  } else if (f->type_ == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM) {
+    f->sub.enumdef = symtab_resolve(ctx, f, prefix, name, UPB_DEFTYPE_ENUM);
+    CHK(f->sub.enumdef);
+  }
+
+  /* Have to delay resolving of the default value until now because of the enum
+   * case, since enum defaults are specified with a label. */
+  if (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_default_value(field_proto)) {
+    upb_strview defaultval =
+        google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_default_value(field_proto);
+
+    if (f->file->syntax == UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "proto3 fields cannot have explicit defaults (%s)",
+                         f->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "message fields cannot have explicit defaults (%s)",
+                         f->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!parse_default(ctx, defaultval.data, defaultval.size, f)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "couldn't parse default '" UPB_STRVIEW_FORMAT
+                         "' for field (%s)",
+                         UPB_STRVIEW_ARGS(defaultval), f->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    set_default_default(ctx, f);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool build_filedef(
+    const symtab_addctx *ctx, upb_filedef *file,
+    const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *file_proto) {
+  upb_alloc *alloc = ctx->alloc;
+  const google_protobuf_FileOptions *file_options_proto;
+  const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *const *msgs;
+  const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *const *enums;
+  const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *const *exts;
+  const upb_strview* strs;
+  size_t i, n;
+  decl_counts counts = {0};
+
+  count_types_in_file(file_proto, &counts);
+
+  file->msgs = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*file->msgs) * counts.msg_count);
+  file->enums = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*file->enums) * counts.enum_count);
+  file->exts = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*file->exts) * counts.ext_count);
+
+  CHK_OOM(counts.msg_count == 0 || file->msgs);
+  CHK_OOM(counts.enum_count == 0 || file->enums);
+  CHK_OOM(counts.ext_count == 0 || file->exts);
+
+  /* We increment these as defs are added. */
+  file->msg_count = 0;
+  file->enum_count = 0;
+  file->ext_count = 0;
+
+  if (!google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_name(file_proto)) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(ctx->status, "File has no name");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  file->name =
+      strviewdup(ctx, google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_name(file_proto));
+  file->phpprefix = NULL;
+  file->phpnamespace = NULL;
+
+  if (google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_package(file_proto)) {
+    upb_strview package =
+        google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_package(file_proto);
+    CHK(upb_isident(package, true, ctx->status));
+    file->package = strviewdup(ctx, package);
+  } else {
+    file->package = NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_syntax(file_proto)) {
+    upb_strview syntax =
+        google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_syntax(file_proto);
+
+    if (streql_view(syntax, "proto2")) {
+      file->syntax = UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO2;
+    } else if (streql_view(syntax, "proto3")) {
+      file->syntax = UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+    } else {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "Invalid syntax '%s'", syntax);
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    file->syntax = UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO2;
+  }
+
+  /* Read options. */
+  file_options_proto = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_options(file_proto);
+  if (file_options_proto) {
+    if (google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_php_class_prefix(file_options_proto)) {
+      file->phpprefix = strviewdup(
+          ctx,
+          google_protobuf_FileOptions_php_class_prefix(file_options_proto));
+    }
+    if (google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_php_namespace(file_options_proto)) {
+      file->phpnamespace = strviewdup(
+          ctx, google_protobuf_FileOptions_php_namespace(file_options_proto));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Verify dependencies. */
+  strs = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_dependency(file_proto, &n);
+  file->deps = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*file->deps) * n) ;
+  CHK_OOM(n == 0 || file->deps);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    upb_strview dep_name = strs[i];
+    upb_value v;
+    if (!upb_strtable_lookup2(&ctx->symtab->files, dep_name.data,
+                              dep_name.size, &v)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "Depends on file '" UPB_STRVIEW_FORMAT
+                         "', but it has not been loaded",
+                         UPB_STRVIEW_ARGS(dep_name));
+      return false;
+    }
+    file->deps[i] = upb_value_getconstptr(v);
+  }
+
+  /* Create messages. */
+  msgs = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_message_type(file_proto, &n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    CHK(create_msgdef(ctx, file->package, msgs[i]));
+  }
+
+  /* Create enums. */
+  enums = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_enum_type(file_proto, &n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    CHK(create_enumdef(ctx, file->package, enums[i]));
+  }
+
+  /* Create extensions. */
+  exts = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_extension(file_proto, &n);
+  file->exts = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*file->exts) * n);
+  CHK_OOM(n == 0 || file->exts);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    CHK(create_fielddef(ctx, file->package, NULL, exts[i]));
+  }
+
+  /* Now that all names are in the table, resolve references. */
+  for (i = 0; i < file->ext_count; i++) {
+    CHK(resolve_fielddef(ctx, file->package, (upb_fielddef*)&file->exts[i]));
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < file->msg_count; i++) {
+    const upb_msgdef *m = &file->msgs[i];
+    int j;
+    for (j = 0; j < m->field_count; j++) {
+      CHK(resolve_fielddef(ctx, m->full_name, (upb_fielddef*)&m->fields[j]));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+ }
+
+static bool upb_symtab_addtotabs(upb_symtab *s, symtab_addctx *ctx,
+                                 upb_status *status) {
+  const upb_filedef *file = ctx->file;
+  upb_alloc *alloc = upb_arena_alloc(s->arena);
+  upb_strtable_iter iter;
+
+  CHK_OOM(upb_strtable_insert3(&s->files, file->name, strlen(file->name),
+                               upb_value_constptr(file), alloc));
+
+  upb_strtable_begin(&iter, ctx->addtab);
+  for (; !upb_strtable_done(&iter); upb_strtable_next(&iter)) {
+    const char *key = upb_strtable_iter_key(&iter);
+    size_t keylen = upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&iter);
+    upb_value value = upb_strtable_iter_value(&iter);
+    CHK_OOM(upb_strtable_insert3(&s->syms, key, keylen, value, alloc));
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* upb_filedef ****************************************************************/
+
+const char *upb_filedef_name(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->name;
+}
+
+const char *upb_filedef_package(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->package;
+}
+
+const char *upb_filedef_phpprefix(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->phpprefix;
+}
+
+const char *upb_filedef_phpnamespace(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->phpnamespace;
+}
+
+upb_syntax_t upb_filedef_syntax(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->syntax;
+}
+
+int upb_filedef_msgcount(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->msg_count;
+}
+
+int upb_filedef_depcount(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->dep_count;
+}
+
+int upb_filedef_enumcount(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->enum_count;
+}
+
+const upb_filedef *upb_filedef_dep(const upb_filedef *f, int i) {
+  return i < 0 || i >= f->dep_count ? NULL : f->deps[i];
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *upb_filedef_msg(const upb_filedef *f, int i) {
+  return i < 0 || i >= f->msg_count ? NULL : &f->msgs[i];
+}
+
+const upb_enumdef *upb_filedef_enum(const upb_filedef *f, int i) {
+  return i < 0 || i >= f->enum_count ? NULL : &f->enums[i];
+}
+
+void upb_symtab_free(upb_symtab *s) {
+  upb_arena_free(s->arena);
+  upb_gfree(s);
+}
+
+upb_symtab *upb_symtab_new(void) {
+  upb_symtab *s = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*s));
+  upb_alloc *alloc;
+
+  if (!s) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  s->arena = upb_arena_new();
+  alloc = upb_arena_alloc(s->arena);
+
+  if (!upb_strtable_init2(&s->syms, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, alloc) ||
+      !upb_strtable_init2(&s->files, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, alloc)) {
+    upb_arena_free(s->arena);
+    upb_gfree(s);
+    s = NULL;
+  }
+  return s;
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *upb_symtab_lookupmsg(const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym) {
+  upb_value v;
+  return upb_strtable_lookup(&s->syms, sym, &v) ?
+      unpack_def(v, UPB_DEFTYPE_MSG) : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *upb_symtab_lookupmsg2(const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym,
+                                        size_t len) {
+  upb_value v;
+  return upb_strtable_lookup2(&s->syms, sym, len, &v) ?
+      unpack_def(v, UPB_DEFTYPE_MSG) : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_enumdef *upb_symtab_lookupenum(const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym) {
+  upb_value v;
+  return upb_strtable_lookup(&s->syms, sym, &v) ?
+      unpack_def(v, UPB_DEFTYPE_ENUM) : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_filedef *upb_symtab_lookupfile(const upb_symtab *s, const char *name) {
+  upb_value v;
+  return upb_strtable_lookup(&s->files, name, &v) ? upb_value_getconstptr(v)
+                                                  : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_filedef *upb_symtab_lookupfile2(
+    const upb_symtab *s, const char *name, size_t len) {
+  upb_value v;
+  return upb_strtable_lookup2(&s->files, name, len, &v) ?
+      upb_value_getconstptr(v) : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_filedef *upb_symtab_addfile(
+    upb_symtab *s, const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *file_proto,
+    upb_status *status) {
+  upb_arena *tmparena = upb_arena_new();
+  upb_strtable addtab;
+  upb_alloc *alloc = upb_arena_alloc(s->arena);
+  upb_filedef *file = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*file));
+  bool ok;
+  symtab_addctx ctx;
+
+  ctx.file = file;
+  ctx.symtab = s;
+  ctx.alloc = alloc;
+  ctx.tmp = upb_arena_alloc(tmparena);
+  ctx.addtab = &addtab;
+  ctx.status = status;
+
+  ok = file &&
+      upb_strtable_init2(&addtab, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, ctx.tmp) &&
+      build_filedef(&ctx, file, file_proto) &&
+      upb_symtab_addtotabs(s, &ctx, status);
+
+  upb_arena_free(tmparena);
+  return ok ? file : NULL;
+}
+
+/* Include here since we want most of this file to be stdio-free. */
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+bool _upb_symtab_loaddefinit(upb_symtab *s, const upb_def_init *init) {
+  /* Since this function should never fail (it would indicate a bug in upb) we
+   * print errors to stderr instead of returning error status to the user. */
+  upb_def_init **deps = init->deps;
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *file;
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  upb_status status;
+
+  upb_status_clear(&status);
+
+  if (upb_strtable_lookup(&s->files, init->filename, NULL)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  arena = upb_arena_new();
+
+  for (; *deps; deps++) {
+    if (!_upb_symtab_loaddefinit(s, *deps)) goto err;
+  }
+
+  file = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_parse(
+      init->descriptor.data, init->descriptor.size, arena);
+
+  if (!file) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(
+        &status,
+        "Failed to parse compiled-in descriptor for file '%s'. This should "
+        "never happen.",
+        init->filename);
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  if (!upb_symtab_addfile(s, file, &status)) goto err;
+
+  upb_arena_free(arena);
+  return true;
+
+err:
+  fprintf(stderr, "Error loading compiled-in descriptor: %s\n",
+          upb_status_errmsg(&status));
+  upb_arena_free(arena);
+  return false;
+}
+
+#undef CHK
+#undef CHK_OOM
+
+
+
+static bool is_power_of_two(size_t val) {
+  return (val & (val - 1)) == 0;
+}
+
+/* Align up to the given power of 2. */
+static size_t align_up(size_t val, size_t align) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(is_power_of_two(align));
+  return (val + align - 1) & ~(align - 1);
+}
+
+static size_t div_round_up(size_t n, size_t d) {
+  return (n + d - 1) / d;
+}
+
+static size_t upb_msgval_sizeof2(upb_fieldtype_t type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      return 8;
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return 4;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      return 1;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return sizeof(void*);
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      return sizeof(upb_strview);
+  }
+  UPB_UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+static uint8_t upb_msg_fielddefsize(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+    return sizeof(void*);
+  } else {
+    return upb_msgval_sizeof2(upb_fielddef_type(f));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/** upb_msglayout *************************************************************/
+
+static void upb_msglayout_free(upb_msglayout *l) {
+  upb_gfree(l);
+}
+
+static size_t upb_msglayout_place(upb_msglayout *l, size_t size) {
+  size_t ret;
+
+  l->size = align_up(l->size, size);
+  ret = l->size;
+  l->size += size;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static bool upb_msglayout_init(const upb_msgdef *m,
+                               upb_msglayout *l,
+                               upb_msgfactory *factory) {
+  upb_msg_field_iter it;
+  upb_msg_oneof_iter oit;
+  size_t hasbit;
+  size_t submsg_count = 0;
+  const upb_msglayout **submsgs;
+  upb_msglayout_field *fields;
+
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, m);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      submsg_count++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  memset(l, 0, sizeof(*l));
+
+  fields = upb_gmalloc(upb_msgdef_numfields(m) * sizeof(*fields));
+  submsgs = upb_gmalloc(submsg_count * sizeof(*submsgs));
+
+  if ((!fields && upb_msgdef_numfields(m)) ||
+      (!submsgs && submsg_count)) {
+    /* OOM. */
+    upb_gfree(fields);
+    upb_gfree(submsgs);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  l->field_count = upb_msgdef_numfields(m);
+  l->fields = fields;
+  l->submsgs = submsgs;
+
+  /* Allocate data offsets in three stages:
+   *
+   * 1. hasbits.
+   * 2. regular fields.
+   * 3. oneof fields.
+   *
+   * OPT: There is a lot of room for optimization here to minimize the size.
+   */
+
+  /* Allocate hasbits and set basic field attributes. */
+  submsg_count = 0;
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, m), hasbit = 0;
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    upb_msglayout_field *field = &fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)];
+
+    field->number = upb_fielddef_number(f);
+    field->descriptortype = upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f);
+    field->label = upb_fielddef_label(f);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      const upb_msglayout *sub_layout =
+          upb_msgfactory_getlayout(factory, upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f));
+      field->submsg_index = submsg_count++;
+      submsgs[field->submsg_index] = sub_layout;
+    }
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_haspresence(f) && !upb_fielddef_containingoneof(f)) {
+      field->presence = (hasbit++);
+    } else {
+      field->presence = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Account for space used by hasbits. */
+  l->size = div_round_up(hasbit, 8);
+
+  /* Allocate non-oneof fields. */
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, m); !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    size_t field_size = upb_msg_fielddefsize(f);
+    size_t index = upb_fielddef_index(f);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(f)) {
+      /* Oneofs are handled separately below. */
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    fields[index].offset = upb_msglayout_place(l, field_size);
+  }
+
+  /* Allocate oneof fields.  Each oneof field consists of a uint32 for the case
+   * and space for the actual data. */
+  for (upb_msg_oneof_begin(&oit, m); !upb_msg_oneof_done(&oit);
+       upb_msg_oneof_next(&oit)) {
+    const upb_oneofdef* o = upb_msg_iter_oneof(&oit);
+    upb_oneof_iter fit;
+
+    size_t case_size = sizeof(uint32_t);  /* Could potentially optimize this. */
+    size_t field_size = 0;
+    uint32_t case_offset;
+    uint32_t data_offset;
+
+    /* Calculate field size: the max of all field sizes. */
+    for (upb_oneof_begin(&fit, o);
+         !upb_oneof_done(&fit);
+         upb_oneof_next(&fit)) {
+      const upb_fielddef* f = upb_oneof_iter_field(&fit);
+      field_size = UPB_MAX(field_size, upb_msg_fielddefsize(f));
+    }
+
+    /* Align and allocate case offset. */
+    case_offset = upb_msglayout_place(l, case_size);
+    data_offset = upb_msglayout_place(l, field_size);
+
+    for (upb_oneof_begin(&fit, o);
+         !upb_oneof_done(&fit);
+         upb_oneof_next(&fit)) {
+      const upb_fielddef* f = upb_oneof_iter_field(&fit);
+      fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].offset = data_offset;
+      fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].presence = ~case_offset;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Size of the entire structure should be a multiple of its greatest
+   * alignment.  TODO: track overall alignment for real? */
+  l->size = align_up(l->size, 8);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+/** upb_msgfactory ************************************************************/
+
+struct upb_msgfactory {
+  const upb_symtab *symtab;  /* We own a ref. */
+  upb_inttable layouts;
+};
+
+upb_msgfactory *upb_msgfactory_new(const upb_symtab *symtab) {
+  upb_msgfactory *ret = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+
+  ret->symtab = symtab;
+  upb_inttable_init(&ret->layouts, UPB_CTYPE_PTR);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void upb_msgfactory_free(upb_msgfactory *f) {
+  upb_inttable_iter i;
+  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &f->layouts);
+  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+    upb_msglayout *l = upb_value_getptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(&i));
+    upb_msglayout_free(l);
+  }
+
+  upb_inttable_uninit(&f->layouts);
+  upb_gfree(f);
+}
+
+const upb_symtab *upb_msgfactory_symtab(const upb_msgfactory *f) {
+  return f->symtab;
+}
+
+const upb_msglayout *upb_msgfactory_getlayout(upb_msgfactory *f,
+                                              const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  upb_value v;
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_symtab_lookupmsg(f->symtab, upb_msgdef_fullname(m)) == m);
+  UPB_ASSERT(!upb_msgdef_mapentry(m));
+
+  if (upb_inttable_lookupptr(&f->layouts, m, &v)) {
+    UPB_ASSERT(upb_value_getptr(v));
+    return upb_value_getptr(v);
+  } else {
+    /* In case of circular dependency, layout has to be inserted first. */
+    upb_msglayout *l = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*l));
+    upb_msgfactory *mutable_f = (void*)f;
+    upb_inttable_insertptr(&mutable_f->layouts, m, upb_value_ptr(l));
+    UPB_ASSERT(l);
+    if (!upb_msglayout_init(m, l, f)) {
+      upb_msglayout_free(l);
+    }
+    return l;
+  }
+}
+/*
+** TODO(haberman): it's unclear whether a lot of the consistency checks should
+** UPB_ASSERT() or return false.
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+
+struct upb_handlers {
+  upb_handlercache *cache;
+  const upb_msgdef *msg;
+  const upb_handlers **sub;
+  const void *top_closure_type;
+  upb_handlers_tabent table[1];  /* Dynamically-sized field handler array. */
+};
+
+static void *upb_calloc(upb_arena *arena, size_t size) {
+  void *mem = upb_malloc(upb_arena_alloc(arena), size);
+  if (mem) {
+    memset(mem, 0, size);
+  }
+  return mem;
+}
+
+/* Defined for the sole purpose of having a unique pointer value for
+ * UPB_NO_CLOSURE. */
+char _upb_noclosure;
+
+/* Given a selector for a STARTSUBMSG handler, resolves to a pointer to the
+ * subhandlers for this submessage field. */
+#define SUBH(h, selector) (h->sub[selector])
+
+/* The selector for a submessage field is the field index. */
+#define SUBH_F(h, f) SUBH(h, upb_fielddef_index(f))
+
+static int32_t trygetsel(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                         upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+  bool ok;
+
+  ok = upb_handlers_getselector(f, type, &sel);
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_handlers_msgdef(h) == upb_fielddef_containingtype(f));
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+
+  return sel;
+}
+
+static upb_selector_t handlers_getsel(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                             upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  int32_t sel = trygetsel(h, f, type);
+  UPB_ASSERT(sel >= 0);
+  return sel;
+}
+
+static const void **returntype(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                               upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  return &h->table[handlers_getsel(h, f, type)].attr.return_closure_type;
+}
+
+static bool doset(upb_handlers *h, int32_t sel, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                  upb_handlertype_t type, upb_func *func,
+                  const upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  upb_handlerattr set_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  const void *closure_type;
+  const void **context_closure_type;
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(!h->table[sel].func);
+
+  if (attr) {
+    set_attr = *attr;
+  }
+
+  /* Check that the given closure type matches the closure type that has been
+   * established for this context (if any). */
+  closure_type = set_attr.closure_type;
+
+  if (type == UPB_HANDLER_STRING) {
+    context_closure_type = returntype(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
+  } else if (f && upb_fielddef_isseq(f) &&
+             type != UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ &&
+             type != UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ) {
+    context_closure_type = returntype(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ);
+  } else {
+    context_closure_type = &h->top_closure_type;
+  }
+
+  if (closure_type && *context_closure_type &&
+      closure_type != *context_closure_type) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (closure_type)
+    *context_closure_type = closure_type;
+
+  /* If this is a STARTSEQ or STARTSTR handler, check that the returned pointer
+   * matches any pre-existing expectations about what type is expected. */
+  if (type == UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ || type == UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR) {
+    const void *return_type = set_attr.return_closure_type;
+    const void *table_return_type = h->table[sel].attr.return_closure_type;
+    if (return_type && table_return_type && return_type != table_return_type) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (table_return_type && !return_type) {
+      set_attr.return_closure_type = table_return_type;
+    }
+  }
+
+  h->table[sel].func = (upb_func*)func;
+  h->table[sel].attr = set_attr;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Returns the effective closure type for this handler (which will propagate
+ * from outer frames if this frame has no START* handler).  Not implemented for
+ * UPB_HANDLER_STRING at the moment since this is not needed.  Returns NULL is
+ * the effective closure type is unspecified (either no handler was registered
+ * to specify it or the handler that was registered did not specify the closure
+ * type). */
+const void *effective_closure_type(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                   upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  const void *ret;
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(type != UPB_HANDLER_STRING);
+  ret = h->top_closure_type;
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f) &&
+      type != UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ &&
+      type != UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ &&
+      h->table[sel = handlers_getsel(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ)].func) {
+    ret = h->table[sel].attr.return_closure_type;
+  }
+
+  if (type == UPB_HANDLER_STRING &&
+      h->table[sel = handlers_getsel(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR)].func) {
+    ret = h->table[sel].attr.return_closure_type;
+  }
+
+  /* The effective type of the submessage; not used yet.
+   * if (type == SUBMESSAGE &&
+   *     h->table[sel = handlers_getsel(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG)].func) {
+   *   ret = h->table[sel].attr.return_closure_type;
+   * } */
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Checks whether the START* handler specified by f & type is missing even
+ * though it is required to convert the established type of an outer frame
+ * ("closure_type") into the established type of an inner frame (represented in
+ * the return closure type of this handler's attr. */
+bool checkstart(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type,
+                upb_status *status) {
+  const void *closure_type;
+  const upb_handlerattr *attr;
+  const void *return_closure_type;
+
+  upb_selector_t sel = handlers_getsel(h, f, type);
+  if (h->table[sel].func) return true;
+  closure_type = effective_closure_type(h, f, type);
+  attr = &h->table[sel].attr;
+  return_closure_type = attr->return_closure_type;
+  if (closure_type && return_closure_type &&
+      closure_type != return_closure_type) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static upb_handlers *upb_handlers_new(const upb_msgdef *md,
+                                      upb_handlercache *cache,
+                                      upb_arena *arena) {
+  int extra;
+  upb_handlers *h;
+
+  extra = sizeof(upb_handlers_tabent) * (upb_msgdef_selectorcount(md) - 1);
+  h = upb_calloc(arena, sizeof(*h) + extra);
+  if (!h) return NULL;
+
+  h->cache = cache;
+  h->msg = md;
+
+  if (upb_msgdef_submsgfieldcount(md) > 0) {
+    size_t bytes = upb_msgdef_submsgfieldcount(md) * sizeof(*h->sub);
+    h->sub = upb_calloc(arena, bytes);
+    if (!h->sub) return NULL;
+  } else {
+    h->sub = 0;
+  }
+
+  /* calloc() above initialized all handlers to NULL. */
+  return h;
+}
+
+/* Public interface ***********************************************************/
+
+#define SETTER(name, handlerctype, handlertype)                       \
+  bool upb_handlers_set##name(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f, \
+                              handlerctype func,                      \
+                              const upb_handlerattr *attr) {          \
+    int32_t sel = trygetsel(h, f, handlertype);                       \
+    return doset(h, sel, f, handlertype, (upb_func *)func, attr);     \
+  }
+
+SETTER(int32,       upb_int32_handlerfunc*,       UPB_HANDLER_INT32)
+SETTER(int64,       upb_int64_handlerfunc*,       UPB_HANDLER_INT64)
+SETTER(uint32,      upb_uint32_handlerfunc*,      UPB_HANDLER_UINT32)
+SETTER(uint64,      upb_uint64_handlerfunc*,      UPB_HANDLER_UINT64)
+SETTER(float,       upb_float_handlerfunc*,       UPB_HANDLER_FLOAT)
+SETTER(double,      upb_double_handlerfunc*,      UPB_HANDLER_DOUBLE)
+SETTER(bool,        upb_bool_handlerfunc*,        UPB_HANDLER_BOOL)
+SETTER(startstr,    upb_startstr_handlerfunc*,    UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR)
+SETTER(string,      upb_string_handlerfunc*,      UPB_HANDLER_STRING)
+SETTER(endstr,      upb_endfield_handlerfunc*,    UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR)
+SETTER(startseq,    upb_startfield_handlerfunc*,  UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ)
+SETTER(startsubmsg, upb_startfield_handlerfunc*,  UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG)
+SETTER(endsubmsg,   upb_endfield_handlerfunc*,    UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG)
+SETTER(endseq,      upb_endfield_handlerfunc*,    UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ)
+
+#undef SETTER
+
+bool upb_handlers_setunknown(upb_handlers *h, upb_unknown_handlerfunc *func,
+                             const upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  return doset(h, UPB_UNKNOWN_SELECTOR, NULL, UPB_HANDLER_INT32,
+               (upb_func *)func, attr);
+}
+
+bool upb_handlers_setstartmsg(upb_handlers *h, upb_startmsg_handlerfunc *func,
+                              const upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  return doset(h, UPB_STARTMSG_SELECTOR, NULL, UPB_HANDLER_INT32,
+               (upb_func *)func, attr);
+}
+
+bool upb_handlers_setendmsg(upb_handlers *h, upb_endmsg_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  return doset(h, UPB_ENDMSG_SELECTOR, NULL, UPB_HANDLER_INT32,
+               (upb_func *)func, attr);
+}
+
+bool upb_handlers_setsubhandlers(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                 const upb_handlers *sub) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(sub);
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f));
+  if (SUBH_F(h, f)) return false;  /* Can't reset. */
+  if (upb_handlers_msgdef(sub) != upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  SUBH_F(h, f) = sub;
+  return true;
+}
+
+const upb_handlers *upb_handlers_getsubhandlers(const upb_handlers *h,
+                                                const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f));
+  return SUBH_F(h, f);
+}
+
+upb_func *upb_handlers_gethandler(const upb_handlers *h, upb_selector_t s,
+                                  const void **handler_data) {
+  upb_func *ret = (upb_func *)h->table[s].func;
+  if (ret && handler_data) {
+    *handler_data = h->table[s].attr.handler_data;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+bool upb_handlers_getattr(const upb_handlers *h, upb_selector_t sel,
+                          upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  if (!upb_handlers_gethandler(h, sel, NULL))
+    return false;
+  *attr = h->table[sel].attr;
+  return true;
+}
+
+const upb_handlers *upb_handlers_getsubhandlers_sel(const upb_handlers *h,
+                                                    upb_selector_t sel) {
+  /* STARTSUBMSG selector in sel is the field's selector base. */
+  return SUBH(h, sel - UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT);
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *upb_handlers_msgdef(const upb_handlers *h) { return h->msg; }
+
+bool upb_handlers_addcleanup(upb_handlers *h, void *p, upb_handlerfree *func) {
+  return upb_handlercache_addcleanup(h->cache, p, func);
+}
+
+upb_handlertype_t upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: return UPB_HANDLER_INT32;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64: return UPB_HANDLER_INT64;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32: return UPB_HANDLER_UINT32;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64: return UPB_HANDLER_UINT64;
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT: return UPB_HANDLER_FLOAT;
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE: return UPB_HANDLER_DOUBLE;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL: return UPB_HANDLER_BOOL;
+    default: UPB_ASSERT(false); return -1;  /* Invalid input. */
+  }
+}
+
+bool upb_handlers_getselector(const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type,
+                              upb_selector_t *s) {
+  uint32_t selector_base = upb_fielddef_selectorbase(f);
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_HANDLER_INT32:
+    case UPB_HANDLER_INT64:
+    case UPB_HANDLER_UINT32:
+    case UPB_HANDLER_UINT64:
+    case UPB_HANDLER_FLOAT:
+    case UPB_HANDLER_DOUBLE:
+    case UPB_HANDLER_BOOL:
+      if (!upb_fielddef_isprimitive(f) ||
+          upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(f) != type)
+        return false;
+      *s = selector_base;
+      break;
+    case UPB_HANDLER_STRING:
+      if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f)) {
+        *s = selector_base;
+      } else if (upb_fielddef_lazy(f)) {
+        *s = selector_base + 3;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR:
+      if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f) || upb_fielddef_lazy(f)) {
+        *s = selector_base + 1;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR:
+      if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f) || upb_fielddef_lazy(f)) {
+        *s = selector_base + 2;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ:
+      if (!upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) return false;
+      *s = selector_base - 2;
+      break;
+    case UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ:
+      if (!upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) return false;
+      *s = selector_base - 1;
+      break;
+    case UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG:
+      if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) return false;
+      /* Selectors for STARTSUBMSG are at the beginning of the table so that the
+       * selector can also be used as an index into the "sub" array of
+       * subhandlers.  The indexes for the two into these two tables are the
+       * same, except that in the handler table the static selectors come first. */
+      *s = upb_fielddef_index(f) + UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT;
+      break;
+    case UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG:
+      if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) return false;
+      *s = selector_base;
+      break;
+  }
+  UPB_ASSERT((size_t)*s < upb_msgdef_selectorcount(upb_fielddef_containingtype(f)));
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* upb_handlercache ***********************************************************/
+
+struct upb_handlercache {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  upb_inttable tab;  /* maps upb_msgdef* -> upb_handlers*. */
+  upb_handlers_callback *callback;
+  const void *closure;
+};
+
+const upb_handlers *upb_handlercache_get(upb_handlercache *c,
+                                         const upb_msgdef *md) {
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  upb_value v;
+  upb_handlers *h;
+
+  if (upb_inttable_lookupptr(&c->tab, md, &v)) {
+    return upb_value_getptr(v);
+  }
+
+  h = upb_handlers_new(md, c, c->arena);
+  v = upb_value_ptr(h);
+
+  if (!h) return NULL;
+  if (!upb_inttable_insertptr(&c->tab, md, v)) return NULL;
+
+  c->callback(c->closure, h);
+
+  /* For each submessage field, get or create a handlers object and set it as
+   * the subhandlers. */
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      const upb_msgdef *subdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f);
+      const upb_handlers *sub_mh = upb_handlercache_get(c, subdef);
+
+      if (!sub_mh) return NULL;
+
+      upb_handlers_setsubhandlers(h, f, sub_mh);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return h;
+}
+
+
+upb_handlercache *upb_handlercache_new(upb_handlers_callback *callback,
+                                       const void *closure) {
+  upb_handlercache *cache = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*cache));
+
+  if (!cache) return NULL;
+
+  cache->arena = upb_arena_new();
+
+  cache->callback = callback;
+  cache->closure = closure;
+
+  if (!upb_inttable_init(&cache->tab, UPB_CTYPE_PTR)) goto oom;
+
+  return cache;
+
+oom:
+  upb_gfree(cache);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+void upb_handlercache_free(upb_handlercache *cache) {
+  upb_inttable_uninit(&cache->tab);
+  upb_arena_free(cache->arena);
+  upb_gfree(cache);
+}
+
+bool upb_handlercache_addcleanup(upb_handlercache *c, void *p,
+                                 upb_handlerfree *func) {
+  return upb_arena_addcleanup(c->arena, p, func);
+}
+
+/* upb_byteshandler ***********************************************************/
+
+bool upb_byteshandler_setstartstr(upb_byteshandler *h,
+                                  upb_startstr_handlerfunc *func, void *d) {
+  h->table[UPB_STARTSTR_SELECTOR].func = (upb_func*)func;
+  h->table[UPB_STARTSTR_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data = d;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_byteshandler_setstring(upb_byteshandler *h,
+                                upb_string_handlerfunc *func, void *d) {
+  h->table[UPB_STRING_SELECTOR].func = (upb_func*)func;
+  h->table[UPB_STRING_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data = d;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_byteshandler_setendstr(upb_byteshandler *h,
+                                upb_endfield_handlerfunc *func, void *d) {
+  h->table[UPB_ENDSTR_SELECTOR].func = (upb_func*)func;
+  h->table[UPB_ENDSTR_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data = d;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/** Handlers for upb_msg ******************************************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+  size_t offset;
+  int32_t hasbit;
+} upb_msg_handlerdata;
+
+/* Fallback implementation if the handler is not specialized by the producer. */
+#define MSG_WRITER(type, ctype)                                               \
+  bool upb_msg_set ## type (void *c, const void *hd, ctype val) {             \
+    uint8_t *m = c;                                                           \
+    const upb_msg_handlerdata *d = hd;                                        \
+    if (d->hasbit > 0)                                                        \
+      *(uint8_t*)&m[d->hasbit / 8] |= 1 << (d->hasbit % 8);                   \
+    *(ctype*)&m[d->offset] = val;                                             \
+    return true;                                                              \
+  }                                                                           \
+
+MSG_WRITER(double, double)
+MSG_WRITER(float,  float)
+MSG_WRITER(int32,  int32_t)
+MSG_WRITER(int64,  int64_t)
+MSG_WRITER(uint32, uint32_t)
+MSG_WRITER(uint64, uint64_t)
+MSG_WRITER(bool,   bool)
+
+bool upb_msg_setscalarhandler(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                              size_t offset, int32_t hasbit) {
+  upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  bool ok;
+
+  upb_msg_handlerdata *d = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*d));
+  if (!d) return false;
+  d->offset = offset;
+  d->hasbit = hasbit;
+
+  attr.handler_data = d;
+  attr.alwaysok = true;
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, d, upb_gfree);
+
+#define TYPE(u, l) \
+  case UPB_TYPE_##u: \
+    ok = upb_handlers_set##l(h, f, upb_msg_set##l, &attr); break;
+
+  ok = false;
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+    TYPE(INT64,  int64);
+    TYPE(INT32,  int32);
+    TYPE(ENUM,   int32);
+    TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+    TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+    TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+    TYPE(FLOAT,  float);
+    TYPE(BOOL,   bool);
+    default: UPB_ASSERT(false); break;
+  }
+#undef TYPE
+
+  return ok;
+}
+
+bool upb_msg_getscalarhandlerdata(const upb_handlers *h,
+                                  upb_selector_t s,
+                                  upb_fieldtype_t *type,
+                                  size_t *offset,
+                                  int32_t *hasbit) {
+  const upb_msg_handlerdata *d;
+  const void *p;
+  upb_func *f = upb_handlers_gethandler(h, s, &p);
+
+  if ((upb_int64_handlerfunc*)f == upb_msg_setint64) {
+    *type = UPB_TYPE_INT64;
+  } else if ((upb_int32_handlerfunc*)f == upb_msg_setint32) {
+    *type = UPB_TYPE_INT32;
+  } else if ((upb_uint64_handlerfunc*)f == upb_msg_setuint64) {
+    *type = UPB_TYPE_UINT64;
+  } else if ((upb_uint32_handlerfunc*)f == upb_msg_setuint32) {
+    *type = UPB_TYPE_UINT32;
+  } else if ((upb_double_handlerfunc*)f == upb_msg_setdouble) {
+    *type = UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE;
+  } else if ((upb_float_handlerfunc*)f == upb_msg_setfloat) {
+    *type = UPB_TYPE_FLOAT;
+  } else if ((upb_bool_handlerfunc*)f == upb_msg_setbool) {
+    *type = UPB_TYPE_BOOL;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  d = p;
+  *offset = d->offset;
+  *hasbit = d->hasbit;
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+bool upb_bufsrc_putbuf(const char *buf, size_t len, upb_bytessink sink) {
+  void *subc;
+  bool ret;
+  upb_bufhandle handle = UPB_BUFHANDLE_INIT;
+  handle.buf = buf;
+  ret = upb_bytessink_start(sink, len, &subc);
+  if (ret && len != 0) {
+    ret = (upb_bytessink_putbuf(sink, subc, buf, len, &handle) >= len);
+  }
+  if (ret) {
+    ret = upb_bytessink_end(sink);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+/*
+** protobuf decoder bytecode compiler
+**
+** Code to compile a upb::Handlers into bytecode for decoding a protobuf
+** according to that specific schema and destination handlers.
+**
+** Bytecode definition is in decoder.int.h.
+*/
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE
+#include <stdio.h>
+#endif
+
+
+#define MAXLABEL 5
+#define EMPTYLABEL -1
+
+/* upb_pbdecodermethod ********************************************************/
+
+static void freemethod(upb_pbdecodermethod *method) {
+  upb_inttable_uninit(&method->dispatch);
+  upb_gfree(method);
+}
+
+static upb_pbdecodermethod *newmethod(const upb_handlers *dest_handlers,
+                                      mgroup *group) {
+  upb_pbdecodermethod *ret = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+  upb_byteshandler_init(&ret->input_handler_);
+
+  ret->group = group;
+  ret->dest_handlers_ = dest_handlers;
+  upb_inttable_init(&ret->dispatch, UPB_CTYPE_UINT64);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+const upb_handlers *upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(
+    const upb_pbdecodermethod *m) {
+  return m->dest_handlers_;
+}
+
+const upb_byteshandler *upb_pbdecodermethod_inputhandler(
+    const upb_pbdecodermethod *m) {
+  return &m->input_handler_;
+}
+
+bool upb_pbdecodermethod_isnative(const upb_pbdecodermethod *m) {
+  return m->is_native_;
+}
+
+
+/* mgroup *********************************************************************/
+
+static void freegroup(mgroup *g) {
+  upb_inttable_iter i;
+
+  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &g->methods);
+  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+    freemethod(upb_value_getptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(&i)));
+  }
+
+  upb_inttable_uninit(&g->methods);
+  upb_gfree(g->bytecode);
+  upb_gfree(g);
+}
+
+mgroup *newgroup(void) {
+  mgroup *g = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*g));
+  upb_inttable_init(&g->methods, UPB_CTYPE_PTR);
+  g->bytecode = NULL;
+  g->bytecode_end = NULL;
+  return g;
+}
+
+
+/* bytecode compiler **********************************************************/
+
+/* Data used only at compilation time. */
+typedef struct {
+  mgroup *group;
+
+  uint32_t *pc;
+  int fwd_labels[MAXLABEL];
+  int back_labels[MAXLABEL];
+
+  /* For fields marked "lazy", parse them lazily or eagerly? */
+  bool lazy;
+} compiler;
+
+static compiler *newcompiler(mgroup *group, bool lazy) {
+  compiler *ret = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+  int i;
+
+  ret->group = group;
+  ret->lazy = lazy;
+  for (i = 0; i < MAXLABEL; i++) {
+    ret->fwd_labels[i] = EMPTYLABEL;
+    ret->back_labels[i] = EMPTYLABEL;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static void freecompiler(compiler *c) {
+  upb_gfree(c);
+}
+
+const size_t ptr_words = sizeof(void*) / sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+/* How many words an instruction is. */
+static int instruction_len(uint32_t instr) {
+  switch (getop(instr)) {
+    case OP_SETDISPATCH: return 1 + ptr_words;
+    case OP_TAGN: return 3;
+    case OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM: return 2;
+    default: return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+bool op_has_longofs(int32_t instruction) {
+  switch (getop(instruction)) {
+    case OP_CALL:
+    case OP_BRANCH:
+    case OP_CHECKDELIM:
+      return true;
+    /* The "tag" instructions only have 8 bytes available for the jump target,
+     * but that is ok because these opcodes only require short jumps. */
+    case OP_TAG1:
+    case OP_TAG2:
+    case OP_TAGN:
+      return false;
+    default:
+      UPB_ASSERT(false);
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static int32_t getofs(uint32_t instruction) {
+  if (op_has_longofs(instruction)) {
+    return (int32_t)instruction >> 8;
+  } else {
+    return (int8_t)(instruction >> 8);
+  }
+}
+
+static void setofs(uint32_t *instruction, int32_t ofs) {
+  if (op_has_longofs(*instruction)) {
+    *instruction = getop(*instruction) | (uint32_t)ofs << 8;
+  } else {
+    *instruction = (*instruction & ~0xff00) | ((ofs & 0xff) << 8);
+  }
+  UPB_ASSERT(getofs(*instruction) == ofs);  /* Would fail in cases of overflow. */
+}
+
+static uint32_t pcofs(compiler *c) { return c->pc - c->group->bytecode; }
+
+/* Defines a local label at the current PC location.  All previous forward
+ * references are updated to point to this location.  The location is noted
+ * for any future backward references. */
+static void label(compiler *c, unsigned int label) {
+  int val;
+  uint32_t *codep;
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(label < MAXLABEL);
+  val = c->fwd_labels[label];
+  codep = (val == EMPTYLABEL) ? NULL : c->group->bytecode + val;
+  while (codep) {
+    int ofs = getofs(*codep);
+    setofs(codep, c->pc - codep - instruction_len(*codep));
+    codep = ofs ? codep + ofs : NULL;
+  }
+  c->fwd_labels[label] = EMPTYLABEL;
+  c->back_labels[label] = pcofs(c);
+}
+
+/* Creates a reference to a numbered label; either a forward reference
+ * (positive arg) or backward reference (negative arg).  For forward references
+ * the value returned now is actually a "next" pointer into a linked list of all
+ * instructions that use this label and will be patched later when the label is
+ * defined with label().
+ *
+ * The returned value is the offset that should be written into the instruction.
+ */
+static int32_t labelref(compiler *c, int label) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(label < MAXLABEL);
+  if (label == LABEL_DISPATCH) {
+    /* No resolving required. */
+    return 0;
+  } else if (label < 0) {
+    /* Backward local label.  Relative to the next instruction. */
+    uint32_t from = (c->pc + 1) - c->group->bytecode;
+    return c->back_labels[-label] - from;
+  } else {
+    /* Forward local label: prepend to (possibly-empty) linked list. */
+    int *lptr = &c->fwd_labels[label];
+    int32_t ret = (*lptr == EMPTYLABEL) ? 0 : *lptr - pcofs(c);
+    *lptr = pcofs(c);
+    return ret;
+  }
+}
+
+static void put32(compiler *c, uint32_t v) {
+  mgroup *g = c->group;
+  if (c->pc == g->bytecode_end) {
+    int ofs = pcofs(c);
+    size_t oldsize = g->bytecode_end - g->bytecode;
+    size_t newsize = UPB_MAX(oldsize * 2, 64);
+    /* TODO(haberman): handle OOM. */
+    g->bytecode = upb_grealloc(g->bytecode, oldsize * sizeof(uint32_t),
+                                            newsize * sizeof(uint32_t));
+    g->bytecode_end = g->bytecode + newsize;
+    c->pc = g->bytecode + ofs;
+  }
+  *c->pc++ = v;
+}
+
+static void putop(compiler *c, int op, ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, op);
+
+  switch (op) {
+    case OP_SETDISPATCH: {
+      uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)va_arg(ap, void*);
+      put32(c, OP_SETDISPATCH);
+      put32(c, ptr);
+      if (sizeof(uintptr_t) > sizeof(uint32_t))
+        put32(c, (uint64_t)ptr >> 32);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_STARTMSG:
+    case OP_ENDMSG:
+    case OP_PUSHLENDELIM:
+    case OP_POP:
+    case OP_SETDELIM:
+    case OP_HALT:
+    case OP_RET:
+    case OP_DISPATCH:
+      put32(c, op);
+      break;
+    case OP_PARSE_DOUBLE:
+    case OP_PARSE_FLOAT:
+    case OP_PARSE_INT64:
+    case OP_PARSE_UINT64:
+    case OP_PARSE_INT32:
+    case OP_PARSE_FIXED64:
+    case OP_PARSE_FIXED32:
+    case OP_PARSE_BOOL:
+    case OP_PARSE_UINT32:
+    case OP_PARSE_SFIXED32:
+    case OP_PARSE_SFIXED64:
+    case OP_PARSE_SINT32:
+    case OP_PARSE_SINT64:
+    case OP_STARTSEQ:
+    case OP_ENDSEQ:
+    case OP_STARTSUBMSG:
+    case OP_ENDSUBMSG:
+    case OP_STARTSTR:
+    case OP_STRING:
+    case OP_ENDSTR:
+    case OP_PUSHTAGDELIM:
+      put32(c, op | va_arg(ap, upb_selector_t) << 8);
+      break;
+    case OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM:
+      put32(c, op);
+      put32(c, va_arg(ap, int));
+      break;
+    case OP_CALL: {
+      const upb_pbdecodermethod *method = va_arg(ap, upb_pbdecodermethod *);
+      put32(c, op | (method->code_base.ofs - (pcofs(c) + 1)) << 8);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_CHECKDELIM:
+    case OP_BRANCH: {
+      uint32_t instruction = op;
+      int label = va_arg(ap, int);
+      setofs(&instruction, labelref(c, label));
+      put32(c, instruction);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_TAG1:
+    case OP_TAG2: {
+      int label = va_arg(ap, int);
+      uint64_t tag = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);
+      uint32_t instruction = op | (tag << 16);
+      UPB_ASSERT(tag <= 0xffff);
+      setofs(&instruction, labelref(c, label));
+      put32(c, instruction);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_TAGN: {
+      int label = va_arg(ap, int);
+      uint64_t tag = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);
+      uint32_t instruction = op | (upb_value_size(tag) << 16);
+      setofs(&instruction, labelref(c, label));
+      put32(c, instruction);
+      put32(c, tag);
+      put32(c, tag >> 32);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+
+#if defined(UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE)
+
+const char *upb_pbdecoder_getopname(unsigned int op) {
+#define QUOTE(x) #x
+#define EXPAND_AND_QUOTE(x) QUOTE(x)
+#define OPNAME(x) OP_##x
+#define OP(x) case OPNAME(x): return EXPAND_AND_QUOTE(OPNAME(x));
+#define T(x) OP(PARSE_##x)
+  /* Keep in sync with list in decoder.int.h. */
+  switch ((opcode)op) {
+    T(DOUBLE) T(FLOAT) T(INT64) T(UINT64) T(INT32) T(FIXED64) T(FIXED32)
+    T(BOOL) T(UINT32) T(SFIXED32) T(SFIXED64) T(SINT32) T(SINT64)
+    OP(STARTMSG) OP(ENDMSG) OP(STARTSEQ) OP(ENDSEQ) OP(STARTSUBMSG)
+    OP(ENDSUBMSG) OP(STARTSTR) OP(STRING) OP(ENDSTR) OP(CALL) OP(RET)
+    OP(PUSHLENDELIM) OP(PUSHTAGDELIM) OP(SETDELIM) OP(CHECKDELIM)
+    OP(BRANCH) OP(TAG1) OP(TAG2) OP(TAGN) OP(SETDISPATCH) OP(POP)
+    OP(SETBIGGROUPNUM) OP(DISPATCH) OP(HALT)
+  }
+  return "<unknown op>";
+#undef OP
+#undef T
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE
+
+static void dumpbc(uint32_t *p, uint32_t *end, FILE *f) {
+
+  uint32_t *begin = p;
+
+  while (p < end) {
+    fprintf(f, "%p  %8tx", p, p - begin);
+    uint32_t instr = *p++;
+    uint8_t op = getop(instr);
+    fprintf(f, " %s", upb_pbdecoder_getopname(op));
+    switch ((opcode)op) {
+      case OP_SETDISPATCH: {
+        const upb_inttable *dispatch;
+        memcpy(&dispatch, p, sizeof(void*));
+        p += ptr_words;
+        const upb_pbdecodermethod *method =
+            (void *)((char *)dispatch -
+                     offsetof(upb_pbdecodermethod, dispatch));
+        fprintf(f, " %s", upb_msgdef_fullname(
+                              upb_handlers_msgdef(method->dest_handlers_)));
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_DISPATCH:
+      case OP_STARTMSG:
+      case OP_ENDMSG:
+      case OP_PUSHLENDELIM:
+      case OP_POP:
+      case OP_SETDELIM:
+      case OP_HALT:
+      case OP_RET:
+        break;
+      case OP_PARSE_DOUBLE:
+      case OP_PARSE_FLOAT:
+      case OP_PARSE_INT64:
+      case OP_PARSE_UINT64:
+      case OP_PARSE_INT32:
+      case OP_PARSE_FIXED64:
+      case OP_PARSE_FIXED32:
+      case OP_PARSE_BOOL:
+      case OP_PARSE_UINT32:
+      case OP_PARSE_SFIXED32:
+      case OP_PARSE_SFIXED64:
+      case OP_PARSE_SINT32:
+      case OP_PARSE_SINT64:
+      case OP_STARTSEQ:
+      case OP_ENDSEQ:
+      case OP_STARTSUBMSG:
+      case OP_ENDSUBMSG:
+      case OP_STARTSTR:
+      case OP_STRING:
+      case OP_ENDSTR:
+      case OP_PUSHTAGDELIM:
+        fprintf(f, " %d", instr >> 8);
+        break;
+      case OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM:
+        fprintf(f, " %d", *p++);
+        break;
+      case OP_CHECKDELIM:
+      case OP_CALL:
+      case OP_BRANCH:
+        fprintf(f, " =>0x%tx", p + getofs(instr) - begin);
+        break;
+      case OP_TAG1:
+      case OP_TAG2: {
+        fprintf(f, " tag:0x%x", instr >> 16);
+        if (getofs(instr)) {
+          fprintf(f, " =>0x%tx", p + getofs(instr) - begin);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_TAGN: {
+        uint64_t tag = *p++;
+        tag |= (uint64_t)*p++ << 32;
+        fprintf(f, " tag:0x%llx", (long long)tag);
+        fprintf(f, " n:%d", instr >> 16);
+        if (getofs(instr)) {
+          fprintf(f, " =>0x%tx", p + getofs(instr) - begin);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    fputs("\n", f);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif
+
+static uint64_t get_encoded_tag(const upb_fielddef *f, int wire_type) {
+  uint32_t tag = (upb_fielddef_number(f) << 3) | wire_type;
+  uint64_t encoded_tag = upb_vencode32(tag);
+  /* No tag should be greater than 5 bytes. */
+  UPB_ASSERT(encoded_tag <= 0xffffffffff);
+  return encoded_tag;
+}
+
+static void putchecktag(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                        int wire_type, int dest) {
+  uint64_t tag = get_encoded_tag(f, wire_type);
+  switch (upb_value_size(tag)) {
+    case 1:
+      putop(c, OP_TAG1, dest, tag);
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      putop(c, OP_TAG2, dest, tag);
+      break;
+    default:
+      putop(c, OP_TAGN, dest, tag);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+static upb_selector_t getsel(const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  upb_selector_t selector;
+  bool ok = upb_handlers_getselector(f, type, &selector);
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  return selector;
+}
+
+/* Takes an existing, primary dispatch table entry and repacks it with a
+ * different alternate wire type.  Called when we are inserting a secondary
+ * dispatch table entry for an alternate wire type. */
+static uint64_t repack(uint64_t dispatch, int new_wt2) {
+  uint64_t ofs;
+  uint8_t wt1;
+  uint8_t old_wt2;
+  upb_pbdecoder_unpackdispatch(dispatch, &ofs, &wt1, &old_wt2);
+  UPB_ASSERT(old_wt2 == NO_WIRE_TYPE);  /* wt2 should not be set yet. */
+  return upb_pbdecoder_packdispatch(ofs, wt1, new_wt2);
+}
+
+/* Marks the current bytecode position as the dispatch target for this message,
+ * field, and wire type. */
+static void dispatchtarget(compiler *c, upb_pbdecodermethod *method,
+                           const upb_fielddef *f, int wire_type) {
+  /* Offset is relative to msg base. */
+  uint64_t ofs = pcofs(c) - method->code_base.ofs;
+  uint32_t fn = upb_fielddef_number(f);
+  upb_inttable *d = &method->dispatch;
+  upb_value v;
+  if (upb_inttable_remove(d, fn, &v)) {
+    /* TODO: prioritize based on packed setting in .proto file. */
+    uint64_t repacked = repack(upb_value_getuint64(v), wire_type);
+    upb_inttable_insert(d, fn, upb_value_uint64(repacked));
+    upb_inttable_insert(d, fn + UPB_MAX_FIELDNUMBER, upb_value_uint64(ofs));
+  } else {
+    uint64_t val = upb_pbdecoder_packdispatch(ofs, wire_type, NO_WIRE_TYPE);
+    upb_inttable_insert(d, fn, upb_value_uint64(val));
+  }
+}
+
+static void putpush(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  if (upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f) == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    putop(c, OP_PUSHLENDELIM);
+  } else {
+    uint32_t fn = upb_fielddef_number(f);
+    if (fn >= 1 << 24) {
+      putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, 0);
+      putop(c, OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM, fn);
+    } else {
+      putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, fn);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static upb_pbdecodermethod *find_submethod(const compiler *c,
+                                           const upb_pbdecodermethod *method,
+                                           const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  const upb_handlers *sub =
+      upb_handlers_getsubhandlers(method->dest_handlers_, f);
+  upb_value v;
+  return upb_inttable_lookupptr(&c->group->methods, sub, &v)
+             ? upb_value_getptr(v)
+             : NULL;
+}
+
+static void putsel(compiler *c, opcode op, upb_selector_t sel,
+                   const upb_handlers *h) {
+  if (upb_handlers_gethandler(h, sel, NULL)) {
+    putop(c, op, sel);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Puts an opcode to call a callback, but only if a callback actually exists for
+ * this field and handler type. */
+static void maybeput(compiler *c, opcode op, const upb_handlers *h,
+                     const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  putsel(c, op, getsel(f, type), h);
+}
+
+static bool haslazyhandlers(const upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  if (!upb_fielddef_lazy(f))
+    return false;
+
+  return upb_handlers_gethandler(h, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR), NULL) ||
+         upb_handlers_gethandler(h, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STRING), NULL) ||
+         upb_handlers_gethandler(h, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR), NULL);
+}
+
+
+/* bytecode compiler code generation ******************************************/
+
+/* Symbolic names for our local labels. */
+#define LABEL_LOOPSTART 1  /* Top of a repeated field loop. */
+#define LABEL_LOOPBREAK 2  /* To jump out of a repeated loop */
+#define LABEL_FIELD     3  /* Jump backward to find the most recent field. */
+#define LABEL_ENDMSG    4  /* To reach the OP_ENDMSG instr for this msg. */
+
+/* Generates bytecode to parse a single non-lazy message field. */
+static void generate_msgfield(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                              upb_pbdecodermethod *method) {
+  const upb_handlers *h = upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(method);
+  const upb_pbdecodermethod *sub_m = find_submethod(c, method, f);
+  int wire_type;
+
+  if (!sub_m) {
+    /* Don't emit any code for this field at all; it will be parsed as an
+     * unknown field.
+     *
+     * TODO(haberman): we should change this to parse it as a string field
+     * instead.  It will probably be faster, but more importantly, once we
+     * start vending unknown fields, a field shouldn't be treated as unknown
+     * just because it doesn't have subhandlers registered. */
+    return;
+  }
+
+  label(c, LABEL_FIELD);
+
+  wire_type =
+      (upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f) == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE)
+          ? UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED
+          : UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP;
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_DISPATCH);
+   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, wire_type);
+    putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, 0);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSEQ, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ));
+   label(c, LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+    putpush(c, f);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSUBMSG, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG));
+    putop(c, OP_CALL, sub_m);
+    putop(c, OP_POP);
+    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSUBMSG, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG);
+    if (wire_type == UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED) {
+      putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);
+    }
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+   label(c, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putop(c, OP_POP);
+    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSEQ, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);
+  } else {
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_DISPATCH);
+   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, wire_type);
+    putpush(c, f);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSUBMSG, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG));
+    putop(c, OP_CALL, sub_m);
+    putop(c, OP_POP);
+    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSUBMSG, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG);
+    if (wire_type == UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED) {
+      putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* Generates bytecode to parse a single string or lazy submessage field. */
+static void generate_delimfield(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                upb_pbdecodermethod *method) {
+  const upb_handlers *h = upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(method);
+
+  label(c, LABEL_FIELD);
+  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+    putchecktag(c, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED, LABEL_DISPATCH);
+   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED);
+    putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, 0);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSEQ, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ));
+   label(c, LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+    putop(c, OP_PUSHLENDELIM);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSTR, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR));
+    /* Need to emit even if no handler to skip past the string. */
+    putop(c, OP_STRING, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STRING));
+    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSTR, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
+    putop(c, OP_POP);
+    putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putchecktag(c, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+   label(c, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putop(c, OP_POP);
+    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSEQ, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);
+  } else {
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+    putchecktag(c, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED, LABEL_DISPATCH);
+   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED);
+    putop(c, OP_PUSHLENDELIM);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSTR, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR));
+    putop(c, OP_STRING, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STRING));
+    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSTR, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
+    putop(c, OP_POP);
+    putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Generates bytecode to parse a single primitive field. */
+static void generate_primitivefield(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                    upb_pbdecodermethod *method) {
+  const upb_handlers *h = upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(method);
+  upb_descriptortype_t descriptor_type = upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f);
+  opcode parse_type;
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+  int wire_type;
+
+  label(c, LABEL_FIELD);
+
+  /* From a decoding perspective, ENUM is the same as INT32. */
+  if (descriptor_type == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM)
+    descriptor_type = UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32;
+
+  parse_type = (opcode)descriptor_type;
+
+  /* TODO(haberman): generate packed or non-packed first depending on "packed"
+   * setting in the fielddef.  This will favor (in speed) whichever was
+   * specified. */
+
+  UPB_ASSERT((int)parse_type >= 0 && parse_type <= OP_MAX);
+  sel = getsel(f, upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(f));
+  wire_type = upb_pb_native_wire_types[upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f)];
+  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+    putchecktag(c, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED, LABEL_DISPATCH);
+   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED);
+    putop(c, OP_PUSHLENDELIM);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSEQ, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ));  /* Packed */
+   label(c, LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+    putop(c, parse_type, sel);
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, wire_type);
+    putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, 0);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSEQ, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ));  /* Non-packed */
+   label(c, LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+    putop(c, parse_type, sel);
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+   label(c, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putop(c, OP_POP);  /* Packed and non-packed join. */
+    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSEQ, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);
+    putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);  /* Could remove for non-packed by dup ENDSEQ. */
+  } else {
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_DISPATCH);
+   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, wire_type);
+    putop(c, parse_type, sel);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Adds bytecode for parsing the given message to the given decoderplan,
+ * while adding all dispatch targets to this message's dispatch table. */
+static void compile_method(compiler *c, upb_pbdecodermethod *method) {
+  const upb_handlers *h;
+  const upb_msgdef *md;
+  uint32_t* start_pc;
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  upb_value val;
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(method);
+
+  /* Clear all entries in the dispatch table. */
+  upb_inttable_uninit(&method->dispatch);
+  upb_inttable_init(&method->dispatch, UPB_CTYPE_UINT64);
+
+  h = upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(method);
+  md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+
+ method->code_base.ofs = pcofs(c);
+  putop(c, OP_SETDISPATCH, &method->dispatch);
+  putsel(c, OP_STARTMSG, UPB_STARTMSG_SELECTOR, h);
+ label(c, LABEL_FIELD);
+  start_pc = c->pc;
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+    upb_fieldtype_t type = upb_fielddef_type(f);
+
+    if (type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE && !(haslazyhandlers(h, f) && c->lazy)) {
+      generate_msgfield(c, f, method);
+    } else if (type == UPB_TYPE_STRING || type == UPB_TYPE_BYTES ||
+               type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      generate_delimfield(c, f, method);
+    } else {
+      generate_primitivefield(c, f, method);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* If there were no fields, or if no handlers were defined, we need to
+   * generate a non-empty loop body so that we can at least dispatch for unknown
+   * fields and check for the end of the message. */
+  if (c->pc == start_pc) {
+    /* Check for end-of-message. */
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+    /* Unconditionally dispatch. */
+    putop(c, OP_DISPATCH, 0);
+  }
+
+  /* For now we just loop back to the last field of the message (or if none,
+   * the DISPATCH opcode for the message). */
+  putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_FIELD);
+
+  /* Insert both a label and a dispatch table entry for this end-of-msg. */
+ label(c, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+  val = upb_value_uint64(pcofs(c) - method->code_base.ofs);
+  upb_inttable_insert(&method->dispatch, DISPATCH_ENDMSG, val);
+
+  putsel(c, OP_ENDMSG, UPB_ENDMSG_SELECTOR, h);
+  putop(c, OP_RET);
+
+  upb_inttable_compact(&method->dispatch);
+}
+
+/* Populate "methods" with new upb_pbdecodermethod objects reachable from "h".
+ * Returns the method for these handlers.
+ *
+ * Generates a new method for every destination handlers reachable from "h". */
+static void find_methods(compiler *c, const upb_handlers *h) {
+  upb_value v;
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  const upb_msgdef *md;
+  upb_pbdecodermethod *method;
+
+  if (upb_inttable_lookupptr(&c->group->methods, h, &v))
+    return;
+
+  method = newmethod(h, c->group);
+  upb_inttable_insertptr(&c->group->methods, h, upb_value_ptr(method));
+
+  /* Find submethods. */
+  md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+    const upb_handlers *sub_h;
+    if (upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        (sub_h = upb_handlers_getsubhandlers(h, f)) != NULL) {
+      /* We only generate a decoder method for submessages with handlers.
+       * Others will be parsed as unknown fields. */
+      find_methods(c, sub_h);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* (Re-)compile bytecode for all messages in "msgs."
+ * Overwrites any existing bytecode in "c". */
+static void compile_methods(compiler *c) {
+  upb_inttable_iter i;
+
+  /* Start over at the beginning of the bytecode. */
+  c->pc = c->group->bytecode;
+
+  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &c->group->methods);
+  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+    upb_pbdecodermethod *method = upb_value_getptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(&i));
+    compile_method(c, method);
+  }
+}
+
+static void set_bytecode_handlers(mgroup *g) {
+  upb_inttable_iter i;
+  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &g->methods);
+  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+    upb_pbdecodermethod *m = upb_value_getptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(&i));
+    upb_byteshandler *h = &m->input_handler_;
+
+    m->code_base.ptr = g->bytecode + m->code_base.ofs;
+
+    upb_byteshandler_setstartstr(h, upb_pbdecoder_startbc, m->code_base.ptr);
+    upb_byteshandler_setstring(h, upb_pbdecoder_decode, g);
+    upb_byteshandler_setendstr(h, upb_pbdecoder_end, m);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* TODO(haberman): allow this to be constructed for an arbitrary set of dest
+ * handlers and other mgroups (but verify we have a transitive closure). */
+const mgroup *mgroup_new(const upb_handlers *dest, bool lazy) {
+  mgroup *g;
+  compiler *c;
+
+  g = newgroup();
+  c = newcompiler(g, lazy);
+  find_methods(c, dest);
+
+  /* We compile in two passes:
+   * 1. all messages are assigned relative offsets from the beginning of the
+   *    bytecode (saved in method->code_base).
+   * 2. forwards OP_CALL instructions can be correctly linked since message
+   *    offsets have been previously assigned.
+   *
+   * Could avoid the second pass by linking OP_CALL instructions somehow. */
+  compile_methods(c);
+  compile_methods(c);
+  g->bytecode_end = c->pc;
+  freecompiler(c);
+
+#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE
+  {
+    FILE *f = fopen("/tmp/upb-bytecode", "w");
+    UPB_ASSERT(f);
+    dumpbc(g->bytecode, g->bytecode_end, stderr);
+    dumpbc(g->bytecode, g->bytecode_end, f);
+    fclose(f);
+
+    f = fopen("/tmp/upb-bytecode.bin", "wb");
+    UPB_ASSERT(f);
+    fwrite(g->bytecode, 1, g->bytecode_end - g->bytecode, f);
+    fclose(f);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  set_bytecode_handlers(g);
+  return g;
+}
+
+
+/* upb_pbcodecache ************************************************************/
+
+upb_pbcodecache *upb_pbcodecache_new(upb_handlercache *dest) {
+  upb_pbcodecache *c = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*c));
+
+  if (!c) return NULL;
+
+  c->dest = dest;
+  c->lazy = false;
+
+  c->arena = upb_arena_new();
+  if (!upb_inttable_init(&c->groups, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR)) return NULL;
+
+  return c;
+}
+
+void upb_pbcodecache_free(upb_pbcodecache *c) {
+  upb_inttable_iter i;
+
+  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &c->groups);
+  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+    upb_value val = upb_inttable_iter_value(&i);
+    freegroup((void*)upb_value_getconstptr(val));
+  }
+
+  upb_inttable_uninit(&c->groups);
+  upb_arena_free(c->arena);
+  upb_gfree(c);
+}
+
+void upb_pbdecodermethodopts_setlazy(upb_pbcodecache *c, bool lazy) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_inttable_count(&c->groups) == 0);
+  c->lazy = lazy;
+}
+
+const upb_pbdecodermethod *upb_pbcodecache_get(upb_pbcodecache *c,
+                                               const upb_msgdef *md) {
+  upb_value v;
+  bool ok;
+  const upb_handlers *h;
+  const mgroup *g;
+
+  h = upb_handlercache_get(c->dest, md);
+  if (upb_inttable_lookupptr(&c->groups, md, &v)) {
+    g = upb_value_getconstptr(v);
+  } else {
+    g = mgroup_new(h, c->lazy);
+    ok = upb_inttable_insertptr(&c->groups, md, upb_value_constptr(g));
+    UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  }
+
+  ok = upb_inttable_lookupptr(&g->methods, h, &v);
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  return upb_value_getptr(v);
+}
+/*
+** upb::Decoder (Bytecode Decoder VM)
+**
+** Bytecode must previously have been generated using the bytecode compiler in
+** compile_decoder.c.  This decoder then walks through the bytecode op-by-op to
+** parse the input.
+**
+** Decoding is fully resumable; we just keep a pointer to the current bytecode
+** instruction and resume from there.  A fair amount of the logic here is to
+** handle the fact that values can span buffer seams and we have to be able to
+** be capable of suspending/resuming from any byte in the stream.  This
+** sometimes requires keeping a few trailing bytes from the last buffer around
+** in the "residual" buffer.
+*/
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE
+#include <stdio.h>
+#endif
+
+
+#define CHECK_SUSPEND(x) if (!(x)) return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+
+/* Error messages that are shared between the bytecode and JIT decoders. */
+const char *kPbDecoderStackOverflow = "Nesting too deep.";
+const char *kPbDecoderSubmessageTooLong =
+    "Submessage end extends past enclosing submessage.";
+
+/* Error messages shared within this file. */
+static const char *kUnterminatedVarint = "Unterminated varint.";
+
+/* upb_pbdecoder **************************************************************/
+
+static opcode halt = OP_HALT;
+
+/* A dummy character we can point to when the user passes us a NULL buffer.
+ * We need this because in C (NULL + 0) and (NULL - NULL) are undefined
+ * behavior, which would invalidate functions like curbufleft(). */
+static const char dummy_char;
+
+/* Whether an op consumes any of the input buffer. */
+static bool consumes_input(opcode op) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case OP_SETDISPATCH:
+    case OP_STARTMSG:
+    case OP_ENDMSG:
+    case OP_STARTSEQ:
+    case OP_ENDSEQ:
+    case OP_STARTSUBMSG:
+    case OP_ENDSUBMSG:
+    case OP_STARTSTR:
+    case OP_ENDSTR:
+    case OP_PUSHTAGDELIM:
+    case OP_POP:
+    case OP_SETDELIM:
+    case OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM:
+    case OP_CHECKDELIM:
+    case OP_CALL:
+    case OP_RET:
+    case OP_BRANCH:
+      return false;
+    default:
+      return true;
+  }
+}
+
+static size_t stacksize(upb_pbdecoder *d, size_t entries) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(d);
+  return entries * sizeof(upb_pbdecoder_frame);
+}
+
+static size_t callstacksize(upb_pbdecoder *d, size_t entries) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(d);
+
+  return entries * sizeof(uint32_t*);
+}
+
+
+static bool in_residual_buf(const upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *p);
+
+/* It's unfortunate that we have to micro-manage the compiler with
+ * UPB_FORCEINLINE and UPB_NOINLINE, especially since this tuning is necessarily
+ * specific to one hardware configuration.  But empirically on a Core i7,
+ * performance increases 30-50% with these annotations.  Every instance where
+ * these appear, gcc 4.2.1 made the wrong decision and degraded performance in
+ * benchmarks. */
+
+static void seterr(upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *msg) {
+  upb_status_seterrmsg(d->status, msg);
+}
+
+void upb_pbdecoder_seterr(upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *msg) {
+  seterr(d, msg);
+}
+
+
+/* Buffering ******************************************************************/
+
+/* We operate on one buffer at a time, which is either the user's buffer passed
+ * to our "decode" callback or some residual bytes from the previous buffer. */
+
+/* How many bytes can be safely read from d->ptr without reading past end-of-buf
+ * or past the current delimited end. */
+static size_t curbufleft(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(d->data_end >= d->ptr);
+  return d->data_end - d->ptr;
+}
+
+/* How many bytes are available before end-of-buffer. */
+static size_t bufleft(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  return d->end - d->ptr;
+}
+
+/* Overall stream offset of d->ptr. */
+uint64_t offset(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  return d->bufstart_ofs + (d->ptr - d->buf);
+}
+
+/* How many bytes are available before the end of this delimited region. */
+size_t delim_remaining(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  return d->top->end_ofs - offset(d);
+}
+
+/* Advances d->ptr. */
+static void advance(upb_pbdecoder *d, size_t len) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(curbufleft(d) >= len);
+  d->ptr += len;
+}
+
+static bool in_buf(const char *p, const char *buf, const char *end) {
+  return p >= buf && p <= end;
+}
+
+static bool in_residual_buf(const upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *p) {
+  return in_buf(p, d->residual, d->residual_end);
+}
+
+/* Calculates the delim_end value, which is affected by both the current buffer
+ * and the parsing stack, so must be called whenever either is updated. */
+static void set_delim_end(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  size_t delim_ofs = d->top->end_ofs - d->bufstart_ofs;
+  if (delim_ofs <= (size_t)(d->end - d->buf)) {
+    d->delim_end = d->buf + delim_ofs;
+    d->data_end = d->delim_end;
+  } else {
+    d->data_end = d->end;
+    d->delim_end = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+static void switchtobuf(upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *buf, const char *end) {
+  d->ptr = buf;
+  d->buf = buf;
+  d->end = end;
+  set_delim_end(d);
+}
+
+static void advancetobuf(upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *buf, size_t len) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(curbufleft(d) == 0);
+  d->bufstart_ofs += (d->end - d->buf);
+  switchtobuf(d, buf, buf + len);
+}
+
+static void checkpoint(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  /* The assertion here is in the interests of efficiency, not correctness.
+   * We are trying to ensure that we don't checkpoint() more often than
+   * necessary. */
+  UPB_ASSERT(d->checkpoint != d->ptr);
+  d->checkpoint = d->ptr;
+}
+
+/* Skips "bytes" bytes in the stream, which may be more than available.  If we
+ * skip more bytes than are available, we return a long read count to the caller
+ * indicating how many bytes can be skipped over before passing actual data
+ * again.  Skipped bytes can pass a NULL buffer and the decoder guarantees they
+ * won't actually be read.
+ */
+static int32_t skip(upb_pbdecoder *d, size_t bytes) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!in_residual_buf(d, d->ptr) || d->size_param == 0);
+  UPB_ASSERT(d->skip == 0);
+  if (bytes > delim_remaining(d)) {
+    seterr(d, "Skipped value extended beyond enclosing submessage.");
+    return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+  } else if (bufleft(d) >= bytes) {
+    /* Skipped data is all in current buffer, and more is still available. */
+    advance(d, bytes);
+    d->skip = 0;
+    return DECODE_OK;
+  } else {
+    /* Skipped data extends beyond currently available buffers. */
+    d->pc = d->last;
+    d->skip = bytes - curbufleft(d);
+    d->bufstart_ofs += (d->end - d->buf);
+    d->residual_end = d->residual;
+    switchtobuf(d, d->residual, d->residual_end);
+    return d->size_param + d->skip;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* Resumes the decoder from an initial state or from a previous suspend. */
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_resume(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *p, const char *buf,
+                             size_t size, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(p);  /* Useless; just for the benefit of the JIT. */
+
+  /* d->skip and d->residual_end could probably elegantly be represented
+   * as a single variable, to more easily represent this invariant. */
+  UPB_ASSERT(!(d->skip && d->residual_end > d->residual));
+
+  /* We need to remember the original size_param, so that the value we return
+   * is relative to it, even if we do some skipping first. */
+  d->size_param = size;
+  d->handle = handle;
+
+  /* Have to handle this case specially (ie. not with skip()) because the user
+   * is allowed to pass a NULL buffer here, which won't allow us to safely
+   * calculate a d->end or use our normal functions like curbufleft(). */
+  if (d->skip && d->skip >= size) {
+    d->skip -= size;
+    d->bufstart_ofs += size;
+    buf = &dummy_char;
+    size = 0;
+
+    /* We can't just return now, because we might need to execute some ops
+     * like CHECKDELIM, which could call some callbacks and pop the stack. */
+  }
+
+  /* We need to pretend that this was the actual buffer param, since some of the
+   * calculations assume that d->ptr/d->buf is relative to this. */
+  d->buf_param = buf;
+
+  if (!buf) {
+    /* NULL buf is ok if its entire span is covered by the "skip" above, but
+     * by this point we know that "skip" doesn't cover the buffer. */
+    seterr(d, "Passed NULL buffer over non-skippable region.");
+    return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+  }
+
+  if (d->residual_end > d->residual) {
+    /* We have residual bytes from the last buffer. */
+    UPB_ASSERT(d->ptr == d->residual);
+  } else {
+    switchtobuf(d, buf, buf + size);
+  }
+
+  d->checkpoint = d->ptr;
+
+  /* Handle skips that don't cover the whole buffer (as above). */
+  if (d->skip) {
+    size_t skip_bytes = d->skip;
+    d->skip = 0;
+    CHECK_RETURN(skip(d, skip_bytes));
+    checkpoint(d);
+  }
+
+  /* If we're inside an unknown group, continue to parse unknown values. */
+  if (d->top->groupnum < 0) {
+    CHECK_RETURN(upb_pbdecoder_skipunknown(d, -1, 0));
+    checkpoint(d);
+  }
+
+  return DECODE_OK;
+}
+
+/* Suspends the decoder at the last checkpoint, without saving any residual
+ * bytes.  If there are any unconsumed bytes, returns a short byte count. */
+size_t upb_pbdecoder_suspend(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  d->pc = d->last;
+  if (d->checkpoint == d->residual) {
+    /* Checkpoint was in residual buf; no user bytes were consumed. */
+    d->ptr = d->residual;
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    size_t ret = d->size_param - (d->end - d->checkpoint);
+    UPB_ASSERT(!in_residual_buf(d, d->checkpoint));
+    UPB_ASSERT(d->buf == d->buf_param || d->buf == &dummy_char);
+
+    d->bufstart_ofs += (d->checkpoint - d->buf);
+    d->residual_end = d->residual;
+    switchtobuf(d, d->residual, d->residual_end);
+    return ret;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Suspends the decoder at the last checkpoint, and saves any unconsumed
+ * bytes in our residual buffer.  This is necessary if we need more user
+ * bytes to form a complete value, which might not be contiguous in the
+ * user's buffers.  Always consumes all user bytes. */
+static size_t suspend_save(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  /* We hit end-of-buffer before we could parse a full value.
+   * Save any unconsumed bytes (if any) to the residual buffer. */
+  d->pc = d->last;
+
+  if (d->checkpoint == d->residual) {
+    /* Checkpoint was in residual buf; append user byte(s) to residual buf. */
+    UPB_ASSERT((d->residual_end - d->residual) + d->size_param <=
+           sizeof(d->residual));
+    if (!in_residual_buf(d, d->ptr)) {
+      d->bufstart_ofs -= (d->residual_end - d->residual);
+    }
+    memcpy(d->residual_end, d->buf_param, d->size_param);
+    d->residual_end += d->size_param;
+  } else {
+    /* Checkpoint was in user buf; old residual bytes not needed. */
+    size_t save;
+    UPB_ASSERT(!in_residual_buf(d, d->checkpoint));
+
+    d->ptr = d->checkpoint;
+    save = curbufleft(d);
+    UPB_ASSERT(save <= sizeof(d->residual));
+    memcpy(d->residual, d->ptr, save);
+    d->residual_end = d->residual + save;
+    d->bufstart_ofs = offset(d);
+  }
+
+  switchtobuf(d, d->residual, d->residual_end);
+  return d->size_param;
+}
+
+/* Copies the next "bytes" bytes into "buf" and advances the stream.
+ * Requires that this many bytes are available in the current buffer. */
+UPB_FORCEINLINE static void consumebytes(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf,
+                                         size_t bytes) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(bytes <= curbufleft(d));
+  memcpy(buf, d->ptr, bytes);
+  advance(d, bytes);
+}
+
+/* Slow path for getting the next "bytes" bytes, regardless of whether they are
+ * available in the current buffer or not.  Returns a status code as described
+ * in decoder.int.h. */
+UPB_NOINLINE static int32_t getbytes_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf,
+                                          size_t bytes) {
+  const size_t avail = curbufleft(d);
+  consumebytes(d, buf, avail);
+  bytes -= avail;
+  UPB_ASSERT(bytes > 0);
+  if (in_residual_buf(d, d->ptr)) {
+    advancetobuf(d, d->buf_param, d->size_param);
+  }
+  if (curbufleft(d) >= bytes) {
+    consumebytes(d, (char *)buf + avail, bytes);
+    return DECODE_OK;
+  } else if (d->data_end == d->delim_end) {
+    seterr(d, "Submessage ended in the middle of a value or group");
+    return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+  } else {
+    return suspend_save(d);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Gets the next "bytes" bytes, regardless of whether they are available in the
+ * current buffer or not.  Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h.
+ */
+UPB_FORCEINLINE static int32_t getbytes(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf,
+                                        size_t bytes) {
+  if (curbufleft(d) >= bytes) {
+    /* Buffer has enough data to satisfy. */
+    consumebytes(d, buf, bytes);
+    return DECODE_OK;
+  } else {
+    return getbytes_slow(d, buf, bytes);
+  }
+}
+
+UPB_NOINLINE static size_t peekbytes_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf,
+                                          size_t bytes) {
+  size_t ret = curbufleft(d);
+  memcpy(buf, d->ptr, ret);
+  if (in_residual_buf(d, d->ptr)) {
+    size_t copy = UPB_MIN(bytes - ret, d->size_param);
+    memcpy((char *)buf + ret, d->buf_param, copy);
+    ret += copy;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE static size_t peekbytes(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf,
+                                        size_t bytes) {
+  if (curbufleft(d) >= bytes) {
+    memcpy(buf, d->ptr, bytes);
+    return bytes;
+  } else {
+    return peekbytes_slow(d, buf, bytes);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* Decoding of wire types *****************************************************/
+
+/* Slow path for decoding a varint from the current buffer position.
+ * Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h. */
+UPB_NOINLINE int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_varint_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d,
+                                                      uint64_t *u64) {
+  uint8_t byte = 0x80;
+  int bitpos;
+  *u64 = 0;
+  for(bitpos = 0; bitpos < 70 && (byte & 0x80); bitpos += 7) {
+    CHECK_RETURN(getbytes(d, &byte, 1));
+    *u64 |= (uint64_t)(byte & 0x7F) << bitpos;
+  }
+  if(bitpos == 70 && (byte & 0x80)) {
+    seterr(d, kUnterminatedVarint);
+    return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+  }
+  return DECODE_OK;
+}
+
+/* Decodes a varint from the current buffer position.
+ * Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h. */
+UPB_FORCEINLINE static int32_t decode_varint(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t *u64) {
+  if (curbufleft(d) > 0 && !(*d->ptr & 0x80)) {
+    *u64 = *d->ptr;
+    advance(d, 1);
+    return DECODE_OK;
+  } else if (curbufleft(d) >= 10) {
+    /* Fast case. */
+    upb_decoderet r = upb_vdecode_fast(d->ptr);
+    if (r.p == NULL) {
+      seterr(d, kUnterminatedVarint);
+      return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+    }
+    advance(d, r.p - d->ptr);
+    *u64 = r.val;
+    return DECODE_OK;
+  } else {
+    /* Slow case -- varint spans buffer seam. */
+    return upb_pbdecoder_decode_varint_slow(d, u64);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Decodes a 32-bit varint from the current buffer position.
+ * Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h. */
+UPB_FORCEINLINE static int32_t decode_v32(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint32_t *u32) {
+  uint64_t u64;
+  int32_t ret = decode_varint(d, &u64);
+  if (ret >= 0) return ret;
+  if (u64 > UINT32_MAX) {
+    seterr(d, "Unterminated 32-bit varint");
+    /* TODO(haberman) guarantee that this function return is >= 0 somehow,
+     * so we know this path will always be treated as error by our caller.
+     * Right now the size_t -> int32_t can overflow and produce negative values.
+     */
+    *u32 = 0;
+    return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+  }
+  *u32 = u64;
+  return DECODE_OK;
+}
+
+/* Decodes a fixed32 from the current buffer position.
+ * Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h.
+ * TODO: proper byte swapping for big-endian machines. */
+UPB_FORCEINLINE static int32_t decode_fixed32(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint32_t *u32) {
+  return getbytes(d, u32, 4);
+}
+
+/* Decodes a fixed64 from the current buffer position.
+ * Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h.
+ * TODO: proper byte swapping for big-endian machines. */
+UPB_FORCEINLINE static int32_t decode_fixed64(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t *u64) {
+  return getbytes(d, u64, 8);
+}
+
+/* Non-static versions of the above functions.
+ * These are called by the JIT for fallback paths. */
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_f32(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint32_t *u32) {
+  return decode_fixed32(d, u32);
+}
+
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_f64(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t *u64) {
+  return decode_fixed64(d, u64);
+}
+
+static double as_double(uint64_t n) { double d; memcpy(&d, &n, 8); return d; }
+static float  as_float(uint32_t n)  { float  f; memcpy(&f, &n, 4); return f; }
+
+/* Pushes a frame onto the decoder stack. */
+static bool decoder_push(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t end) {
+  upb_pbdecoder_frame *fr = d->top;
+
+  if (end > fr->end_ofs) {
+    seterr(d, kPbDecoderSubmessageTooLong);
+    return false;
+  } else if (fr == d->limit) {
+    seterr(d, kPbDecoderStackOverflow);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  fr++;
+  fr->end_ofs = end;
+  fr->dispatch = NULL;
+  fr->groupnum = 0;
+  d->top = fr;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool pushtagdelim(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint32_t arg) {
+  /* While we expect to see an "end" tag (either ENDGROUP or a non-sequence
+   * field number) prior to hitting any enclosing submessage end, pushing our
+   * existing delim end prevents us from continuing to parse values from a
+   * corrupt proto that doesn't give us an END tag in time. */
+  if (!decoder_push(d, d->top->end_ofs))
+    return false;
+  d->top->groupnum = arg;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Pops a frame from the decoder stack. */
+static void decoder_pop(upb_pbdecoder *d) { d->top--; }
+
+UPB_NOINLINE int32_t upb_pbdecoder_checktag_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d,
+                                                 uint64_t expected) {
+  uint64_t data = 0;
+  size_t bytes = upb_value_size(expected);
+  size_t read = peekbytes(d, &data, bytes);
+  if (read == bytes && data == expected) {
+    /* Advance past matched bytes. */
+    int32_t ok = getbytes(d, &data, read);
+    UPB_ASSERT(ok < 0);
+    return DECODE_OK;
+  } else if (read < bytes && memcmp(&data, &expected, read) == 0) {
+    return suspend_save(d);
+  } else {
+    return DECODE_MISMATCH;
+  }
+}
+
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_skipunknown(upb_pbdecoder *d, int32_t fieldnum,
+                                  uint8_t wire_type) {
+  if (fieldnum >= 0)
+    goto have_tag;
+
+  while (true) {
+    uint32_t tag;
+    CHECK_RETURN(decode_v32(d, &tag));
+    wire_type = tag & 0x7;
+    fieldnum = tag >> 3;
+
+have_tag:
+    if (fieldnum == 0) {
+      seterr(d, "Saw invalid field number (0)");
+      return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+    }
+
+    switch (wire_type) {
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT:
+        CHECK_RETURN(skip(d, 4));
+        break;
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT:
+        CHECK_RETURN(skip(d, 8));
+        break;
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT: {
+        uint64_t u64;
+        CHECK_RETURN(decode_varint(d, &u64));
+        break;
+      }
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED: {
+        uint32_t len;
+        CHECK_RETURN(decode_v32(d, &len));
+        CHECK_RETURN(skip(d, len));
+        break;
+      }
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP:
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(pushtagdelim(d, -fieldnum));
+        break;
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP:
+        if (fieldnum == -d->top->groupnum) {
+          decoder_pop(d);
+        } else if (fieldnum == d->top->groupnum) {
+          return DECODE_ENDGROUP;
+        } else {
+          seterr(d, "Unmatched ENDGROUP tag.");
+          return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        seterr(d, "Invalid wire type");
+        return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+    }
+
+    if (d->top->groupnum >= 0) {
+      /* TODO: More code needed for handling unknown groups. */
+      upb_sink_putunknown(d->top->sink, d->checkpoint, d->ptr - d->checkpoint);
+      return DECODE_OK;
+    }
+
+    /* Unknown group -- continue looping over unknown fields. */
+    checkpoint(d);
+  }
+}
+
+static void goto_endmsg(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  upb_value v;
+  bool found = upb_inttable_lookup32(d->top->dispatch, DISPATCH_ENDMSG, &v);
+  UPB_ASSERT(found);
+  d->pc = d->top->base + upb_value_getuint64(v);
+}
+
+/* Parses a tag and jumps to the corresponding bytecode instruction for this
+ * field.
+ *
+ * If the tag is unknown (or the wire type doesn't match), parses the field as
+ * unknown.  If the tag is a valid ENDGROUP tag, jumps to the bytecode
+ * instruction for the end of message. */
+static int32_t dispatch(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  upb_inttable *dispatch = d->top->dispatch;
+  uint32_t tag;
+  uint8_t wire_type;
+  uint32_t fieldnum;
+  upb_value val;
+  int32_t retval;
+
+  /* Decode tag. */
+  CHECK_RETURN(decode_v32(d, &tag));
+  wire_type = tag & 0x7;
+  fieldnum = tag >> 3;
+
+  /* Lookup tag.  Because of packed/non-packed compatibility, we have to
+   * check the wire type against two possibilities. */
+  if (fieldnum != DISPATCH_ENDMSG &&
+      upb_inttable_lookup32(dispatch, fieldnum, &val)) {
+    uint64_t v = upb_value_getuint64(val);
+    if (wire_type == (v & 0xff)) {
+      d->pc = d->top->base + (v >> 16);
+      return DECODE_OK;
+    } else if (wire_type == ((v >> 8) & 0xff)) {
+      bool found =
+          upb_inttable_lookup(dispatch, fieldnum + UPB_MAX_FIELDNUMBER, &val);
+      UPB_ASSERT(found);
+      d->pc = d->top->base + upb_value_getuint64(val);
+      return DECODE_OK;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* We have some unknown fields (or ENDGROUP) to parse.  The DISPATCH or TAG
+   * bytecode that triggered this is preceded by a CHECKDELIM bytecode which
+   * we need to back up to, so that when we're done skipping unknown data we
+   * can re-check the delimited end. */
+  d->last--;  /* Necessary if we get suspended */
+  d->pc = d->last;
+  UPB_ASSERT(getop(*d->last) == OP_CHECKDELIM);
+
+  /* Unknown field or ENDGROUP. */
+  retval = upb_pbdecoder_skipunknown(d, fieldnum, wire_type);
+
+  CHECK_RETURN(retval);
+
+  if (retval == DECODE_ENDGROUP) {
+    goto_endmsg(d);
+    return DECODE_OK;
+  }
+
+  return DECODE_OK;
+}
+
+/* Callers know that the stack is more than one deep because the opcodes that
+ * call this only occur after PUSH operations. */
+upb_pbdecoder_frame *outer_frame(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(d->top != d->stack);
+  return d->top - 1;
+}
+
+
+/* The main decoding loop *****************************************************/
+
+/* The main decoder VM function.  Uses traditional bytecode dispatch loop with a
+ * switch() statement. */
+size_t run_decoder_vm(upb_pbdecoder *d, const mgroup *group,
+                      const upb_bufhandle* handle) {
+
+#define VMCASE(op, code) \
+  case op: { code; if (consumes_input(op)) checkpoint(d); break; }
+#define PRIMITIVE_OP(type, wt, name, convfunc, ctype) \
+  VMCASE(OP_PARSE_ ## type, { \
+    ctype val; \
+    CHECK_RETURN(decode_ ## wt(d, &val)); \
+    upb_sink_put ## name(d->top->sink, arg, (convfunc)(val)); \
+  })
+
+  while(1) {
+    int32_t instruction;
+    opcode op;
+    uint32_t arg;
+    int32_t longofs;
+
+    d->last = d->pc;
+    instruction = *d->pc++;
+    op = getop(instruction);
+    arg = instruction >> 8;
+    longofs = arg;
+    UPB_ASSERT(d->ptr != d->residual_end);
+    UPB_UNUSED(group);
+#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE
+    fprintf(stderr, "s_ofs=%d buf_ofs=%d data_rem=%d buf_rem=%d delim_rem=%d "
+                    "%x %s (%d)\n",
+            (int)offset(d),
+            (int)(d->ptr - d->buf),
+            (int)(d->data_end - d->ptr),
+            (int)(d->end - d->ptr),
+            (int)((d->top->end_ofs - d->bufstart_ofs) - (d->ptr - d->buf)),
+            (int)(d->pc - 1 - group->bytecode),
+            upb_pbdecoder_getopname(op),
+            arg);
+#endif
+    switch (op) {
+      /* Technically, we are losing data if we see a 32-bit varint that is not
+       * properly sign-extended.  We could detect this and error about the data
+       * loss, but proto2 does not do this, so we pass. */
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(INT32,    varint,  int32,  int32_t,      uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(INT64,    varint,  int64,  int64_t,      uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(UINT32,   varint,  uint32, uint32_t,     uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(UINT64,   varint,  uint64, uint64_t,     uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(FIXED32,  fixed32, uint32, uint32_t,     uint32_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(FIXED64,  fixed64, uint64, uint64_t,     uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(SFIXED32, fixed32, int32,  int32_t,      uint32_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(SFIXED64, fixed64, int64,  int64_t,      uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(BOOL,     varint,  bool,   bool,         uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(DOUBLE,   fixed64, double, as_double,    uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(FLOAT,    fixed32, float,  as_float,     uint32_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(SINT32,   varint,  int32,  upb_zzdec_32, uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(SINT64,   varint,  int64,  upb_zzdec_64, uint64_t)
+
+      VMCASE(OP_SETDISPATCH,
+        d->top->base = d->pc - 1;
+        memcpy(&d->top->dispatch, d->pc, sizeof(void*));
+        d->pc += sizeof(void*) / sizeof(uint32_t);
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_STARTMSG,
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_startmsg(d->top->sink));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_ENDMSG,
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_endmsg(d->top->sink, d->status));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_STARTSEQ,
+        upb_pbdecoder_frame *outer = outer_frame(d);
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_startseq(outer->sink, arg, &d->top->sink));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_ENDSEQ,
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_endseq(d->top->sink, arg));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_STARTSUBMSG,
+        upb_pbdecoder_frame *outer = outer_frame(d);
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_startsubmsg(outer->sink, arg, &d->top->sink));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_ENDSUBMSG,
+        upb_sink subsink = (d->top + 1)->sink;
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_endsubmsg(d->top->sink, subsink, arg));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_STARTSTR,
+        uint32_t len = delim_remaining(d);
+        upb_pbdecoder_frame *outer = outer_frame(d);
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_startstr(outer->sink, arg, len, &d->top->sink));
+        if (len == 0) {
+          d->pc++;  /* Skip OP_STRING. */
+        }
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_STRING,
+        uint32_t len = curbufleft(d);
+        size_t n = upb_sink_putstring(d->top->sink, arg, d->ptr, len, handle);
+        if (n > len) {
+          if (n > delim_remaining(d)) {
+            seterr(d, "Tried to skip past end of string.");
+            return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+          } else {
+            int32_t ret = skip(d, n);
+            /* This shouldn't return DECODE_OK, because n > len. */
+            UPB_ASSERT(ret >= 0);
+            return ret;
+          }
+        }
+        advance(d, n);
+        if (n < len || d->delim_end == NULL) {
+          /* We aren't finished with this string yet. */
+          d->pc--;  /* Repeat OP_STRING. */
+          if (n > 0) checkpoint(d);
+          return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+        }
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_ENDSTR,
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_endstr(d->top->sink, arg));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_PUSHTAGDELIM,
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(pushtagdelim(d, arg));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM,
+        d->top->groupnum = *d->pc++;
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_POP,
+        UPB_ASSERT(d->top > d->stack);
+        decoder_pop(d);
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_PUSHLENDELIM,
+        uint32_t len;
+        CHECK_RETURN(decode_v32(d, &len));
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(decoder_push(d, offset(d) + len));
+        set_delim_end(d);
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_SETDELIM,
+        set_delim_end(d);
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_CHECKDELIM,
+        /* We are guaranteed of this assert because we never allow ourselves to
+         * consume bytes beyond data_end, which covers delim_end when non-NULL.
+         */
+        UPB_ASSERT(!(d->delim_end && d->ptr > d->delim_end));
+        if (d->ptr == d->delim_end)
+          d->pc += longofs;
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_CALL,
+        d->callstack[d->call_len++] = d->pc;
+        d->pc += longofs;
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_RET,
+        UPB_ASSERT(d->call_len > 0);
+        d->pc = d->callstack[--d->call_len];
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_BRANCH,
+        d->pc += longofs;
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_TAG1,
+        uint8_t expected;
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(curbufleft(d) > 0);
+        expected = (arg >> 8) & 0xff;
+        if (*d->ptr == expected) {
+          advance(d, 1);
+        } else {
+          int8_t shortofs;
+         badtag:
+          shortofs = arg;
+          if (shortofs == LABEL_DISPATCH) {
+            CHECK_RETURN(dispatch(d));
+          } else {
+            d->pc += shortofs;
+            break; /* Avoid checkpoint(). */
+          }
+        }
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_TAG2,
+        uint16_t expected;
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(curbufleft(d) > 0);
+        expected = (arg >> 8) & 0xffff;
+        if (curbufleft(d) >= 2) {
+          uint16_t actual;
+          memcpy(&actual, d->ptr, 2);
+          if (expected == actual) {
+            advance(d, 2);
+          } else {
+            goto badtag;
+          }
+        } else {
+          int32_t result = upb_pbdecoder_checktag_slow(d, expected);
+          if (result == DECODE_MISMATCH) goto badtag;
+          if (result >= 0) return result;
+        }
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_TAGN, {
+        uint64_t expected;
+        int32_t result;
+        memcpy(&expected, d->pc, 8);
+        d->pc += 2;
+        result = upb_pbdecoder_checktag_slow(d, expected);
+        if (result == DECODE_MISMATCH) goto badtag;
+        if (result >= 0) return result;
+      })
+      VMCASE(OP_DISPATCH, {
+        CHECK_RETURN(dispatch(d));
+      })
+      VMCASE(OP_HALT, {
+        return d->size_param;
+      })
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* BytesHandler handlers ******************************************************/
+
+void *upb_pbdecoder_startbc(void *closure, const void *pc, size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_pbdecoder *d = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  d->top->end_ofs = UINT64_MAX;
+  d->bufstart_ofs = 0;
+  d->call_len = 1;
+  d->callstack[0] = &halt;
+  d->pc = pc;
+  d->skip = 0;
+  return d;
+}
+
+bool upb_pbdecoder_end(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_pbdecoder *d = closure;
+  const upb_pbdecodermethod *method = handler_data;
+  uint64_t end;
+  char dummy;
+
+  if (d->residual_end > d->residual) {
+    seterr(d, "Unexpected EOF: decoder still has buffered unparsed data");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (d->skip) {
+    seterr(d, "Unexpected EOF inside skipped data");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (d->top->end_ofs != UINT64_MAX) {
+    seterr(d, "Unexpected EOF inside delimited string");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* The user's end() call indicates that the message ends here. */
+  end = offset(d);
+  d->top->end_ofs = end;
+
+  {
+    const uint32_t *p = d->pc;
+    d->stack->end_ofs = end;
+    /* Check the previous bytecode, but guard against beginning. */
+    if (p != method->code_base.ptr) p--;
+    if (getop(*p) == OP_CHECKDELIM) {
+      /* Rewind from OP_TAG* to OP_CHECKDELIM. */
+      UPB_ASSERT(getop(*d->pc) == OP_TAG1 ||
+             getop(*d->pc) == OP_TAG2 ||
+             getop(*d->pc) == OP_TAGN ||
+             getop(*d->pc) == OP_DISPATCH);
+      d->pc = p;
+    }
+    upb_pbdecoder_decode(closure, handler_data, &dummy, 0, NULL);
+  }
+
+  if (d->call_len != 0) {
+    seterr(d, "Unexpected EOF inside submessage or group");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+size_t upb_pbdecoder_decode(void *decoder, const void *group, const char *buf,
+                            size_t size, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  int32_t result = upb_pbdecoder_resume(decoder, NULL, buf, size, handle);
+
+  if (result == DECODE_ENDGROUP) goto_endmsg(decoder);
+  CHECK_RETURN(result);
+
+  return run_decoder_vm(decoder, group, handle);
+}
+
+
+/* Public API *****************************************************************/
+
+void upb_pbdecoder_reset(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  d->top = d->stack;
+  d->top->groupnum = 0;
+  d->ptr = d->residual;
+  d->buf = d->residual;
+  d->end = d->residual;
+  d->residual_end = d->residual;
+}
+
+upb_pbdecoder *upb_pbdecoder_create(upb_arena *a, const upb_pbdecodermethod *m,
+                                    upb_sink sink, upb_status *status) {
+  const size_t default_max_nesting = 64;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  size_t size_before = upb_arena_bytesallocated(a);
+#endif
+
+  upb_pbdecoder *d = upb_arena_malloc(a, sizeof(upb_pbdecoder));
+  if (!d) return NULL;
+
+  d->method_ = m;
+  d->callstack = upb_arena_malloc(a, callstacksize(d, default_max_nesting));
+  d->stack = upb_arena_malloc(a, stacksize(d, default_max_nesting));
+  if (!d->stack || !d->callstack) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  d->arena = a;
+  d->limit = d->stack + default_max_nesting - 1;
+  d->stack_size = default_max_nesting;
+  d->status = status;
+
+  upb_pbdecoder_reset(d);
+  upb_bytessink_reset(&d->input_, &m->input_handler_, d);
+
+  if (d->method_->dest_handlers_) {
+    if (sink.handlers != d->method_->dest_handlers_)
+      return NULL;
+  }
+  d->top->sink = sink;
+
+  /* If this fails, increase the value in decoder.h. */
+  UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(upb_arena_bytesallocated(a) - size_before <=
+                      UPB_PB_DECODER_SIZE);
+  return d;
+}
+
+uint64_t upb_pbdecoder_bytesparsed(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  return offset(d);
+}
+
+const upb_pbdecodermethod *upb_pbdecoder_method(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  return d->method_;
+}
+
+upb_bytessink upb_pbdecoder_input(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  return d->input_;
+}
+
+size_t upb_pbdecoder_maxnesting(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  return d->stack_size;
+}
+
+bool upb_pbdecoder_setmaxnesting(upb_pbdecoder *d, size_t max) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(d->top >= d->stack);
+
+  if (max < (size_t)(d->top - d->stack)) {
+    /* Can't set a limit smaller than what we are currently at. */
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (max > d->stack_size) {
+    /* Need to reallocate stack and callstack to accommodate. */
+    size_t old_size = stacksize(d, d->stack_size);
+    size_t new_size = stacksize(d, max);
+    void *p = upb_arena_realloc(d->arena, d->stack, old_size, new_size);
+    if (!p) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    d->stack = p;
+
+    old_size = callstacksize(d, d->stack_size);
+    new_size = callstacksize(d, max);
+    p = upb_arena_realloc(d->arena, d->callstack, old_size, new_size);
+    if (!p) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    d->callstack = p;
+
+    d->stack_size = max;
+  }
+
+  d->limit = d->stack + max - 1;
+  return true;
+}
+/*
+** upb::Encoder
+**
+** Since we are implementing pure handlers (ie. without any out-of-band access
+** to pre-computed lengths), we have to buffer all submessages before we can
+** emit even their first byte.
+**
+** Not knowing the size of submessages also means we can't write a perfect
+** zero-copy implementation, even with buffering.  Lengths are stored as
+** varints, which means that we don't know how many bytes to reserve for the
+** length until we know what the length is.
+**
+** This leaves us with three main choices:
+**
+** 1. buffer all submessage data in a temporary buffer, then copy it exactly
+**    once into the output buffer.
+**
+** 2. attempt to buffer data directly into the output buffer, estimating how
+**    many bytes each length will take.  When our guesses are wrong, use
+**    memmove() to grow or shrink the allotted space.
+**
+** 3. buffer directly into the output buffer, allocating a max length
+**    ahead-of-time for each submessage length.  If we overallocated, we waste
+**    space, but no memcpy() or memmove() is required.  This approach requires
+**    defining a maximum size for submessages and rejecting submessages that
+**    exceed that size.
+**
+** (2) and (3) have the potential to have better performance, but they are more
+** complicated and subtle to implement:
+**
+**   (3) requires making an arbitrary choice of the maximum message size; it
+**       wastes space when submessages are shorter than this and fails
+**       completely when they are longer.  This makes it more finicky and
+**       requires configuration based on the input.  It also makes it impossible
+**       to perfectly match the output of reference encoders that always use the
+**       optimal amount of space for each length.
+**
+**   (2) requires guessing the the size upfront, and if multiple lengths are
+**       guessed wrong the minimum required number of memmove() operations may
+**       be complicated to compute correctly.  Implemented properly, it may have
+**       a useful amortized or average cost, but more investigation is required
+**       to determine this and what the optimal algorithm is to achieve it.
+**
+**   (1) makes you always pay for exactly one copy, but its implementation is
+**       the simplest and its performance is predictable.
+**
+** So for now, we implement (1) only.  If we wish to optimize later, we should
+** be able to do it without affecting users.
+**
+** The strategy is to buffer the segments of data that do *not* depend on
+** unknown lengths in one buffer, and keep a separate buffer of segment pointers
+** and lengths.  When the top-level submessage ends, we can go beginning to end,
+** alternating the writing of lengths with memcpy() of the rest of the data.
+** At the top level though, no buffering is required.
+*/
+
+
+
+/* The output buffer is divided into segments; a segment is a string of data
+ * that is "ready to go" -- it does not need any varint lengths inserted into
+ * the middle.  The seams between segments are where varints will be inserted
+ * once they are known.
+ *
+ * We also use the concept of a "run", which is a range of encoded bytes that
+ * occur at a single submessage level.  Every segment contains one or more runs.
+ *
+ * A segment can span messages.  Consider:
+ *
+ *                  .--Submessage lengths---------.
+ *                  |       |                     |
+ *                  |       V                     V
+ *                  V      | |---------------    | |-----------------
+ * Submessages:    | |-----------------------------------------------
+ * Top-level msg: ------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Segments:          -----   -------------------   -----------------
+ * Runs:              *----   *--------------*---   *----------------
+ * (* marks the start)
+ *
+ * Note that the top-level menssage is not in any segment because it does not
+ * have any length preceding it.
+ *
+ * A segment is only interrupted when another length needs to be inserted.  So
+ * observe how the second segment spans both the inner submessage and part of
+ * the next enclosing message. */
+typedef struct {
+  uint32_t msglen;  /* The length to varint-encode before this segment. */
+  uint32_t seglen;  /* Length of the segment. */
+} upb_pb_encoder_segment;
+
+struct upb_pb_encoder {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+
+  /* Our input and output. */
+  upb_sink input_;
+  upb_bytessink output_;
+
+  /* The "subclosure" -- used as the inner closure as part of the bytessink
+   * protocol. */
+  void *subc;
+
+  /* The output buffer and limit, and our current write position.  "buf"
+   * initially points to "initbuf", but is dynamically allocated if we need to
+   * grow beyond the initial size. */
+  char *buf, *ptr, *limit;
+
+  /* The beginning of the current run, or undefined if we are at the top
+   * level. */
+  char *runbegin;
+
+  /* The list of segments we are accumulating. */
+  upb_pb_encoder_segment *segbuf, *segptr, *seglimit;
+
+  /* The stack of enclosing submessages.  Each entry in the stack points to the
+   * segment where this submessage's length is being accumulated. */
+  int *stack, *top, *stacklimit;
+
+  /* Depth of startmsg/endmsg calls. */
+  int depth;
+};
+
+/* low-level buffering ********************************************************/
+
+/* Low-level functions for interacting with the output buffer. */
+
+/* TODO(haberman): handle pushback */
+static void putbuf(upb_pb_encoder *e, const char *buf, size_t len) {
+  size_t n = upb_bytessink_putbuf(e->output_, e->subc, buf, len, NULL);
+  UPB_ASSERT(n == len);
+}
+
+static upb_pb_encoder_segment *top(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
+  return &e->segbuf[*e->top];
+}
+
+/* Call to ensure that at least "bytes" bytes are available for writing at
+ * e->ptr.  Returns false if the bytes could not be allocated. */
+static bool reserve(upb_pb_encoder *e, size_t bytes) {
+  if ((size_t)(e->limit - e->ptr) < bytes) {
+    /* Grow buffer. */
+    char *new_buf;
+    size_t needed = bytes + (e->ptr - e->buf);
+    size_t old_size = e->limit - e->buf;
+
+    size_t new_size = old_size;
+
+    while (new_size < needed) {
+      new_size *= 2;
+    }
+
+    new_buf = upb_arena_realloc(e->arena, e->buf, old_size, new_size);
+
+    if (new_buf == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    e->ptr = new_buf + (e->ptr - e->buf);
+    e->runbegin = new_buf + (e->runbegin - e->buf);
+    e->limit = new_buf + new_size;
+    e->buf = new_buf;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Call when "bytes" bytes have been writte at e->ptr.  The caller *must* have
+ * previously called reserve() with at least this many bytes. */
+static void encoder_advance(upb_pb_encoder *e, size_t bytes) {
+  UPB_ASSERT((size_t)(e->limit - e->ptr) >= bytes);
+  e->ptr += bytes;
+}
+
+/* Call when all of the bytes for a handler have been written.  Flushes the
+ * bytes if possible and necessary, returning false if this failed. */
+static bool commit(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
+  if (!e->top) {
+    /* We aren't inside a delimited region.  Flush our accumulated bytes to
+     * the output.
+     *
+     * TODO(haberman): in the future we may want to delay flushing for
+     * efficiency reasons. */
+    putbuf(e, e->buf, e->ptr - e->buf);
+    e->ptr = e->buf;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Writes the given bytes to the buffer, handling reserve/advance. */
+static bool encode_bytes(upb_pb_encoder *e, const void *data, size_t len) {
+  if (!reserve(e, len)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  memcpy(e->ptr, data, len);
+  encoder_advance(e, len);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Finish the current run by adding the run totals to the segment and message
+ * length. */
+static void accumulate(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
+  size_t run_len;
+  UPB_ASSERT(e->ptr >= e->runbegin);
+  run_len = e->ptr - e->runbegin;
+  e->segptr->seglen += run_len;
+  top(e)->msglen += run_len;
+  e->runbegin = e->ptr;
+}
+
+/* Call to indicate the start of delimited region for which the full length is
+ * not yet known.  All data will be buffered until the length is known.
+ * Delimited regions may be nested; their lengths will all be tracked properly. */
+static bool start_delim(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
+  if (e->top) {
+    /* We are already buffering, advance to the next segment and push it on the
+     * stack. */
+    accumulate(e);
+
+    if (++e->top == e->stacklimit) {
+      /* TODO(haberman): grow stack? */
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (++e->segptr == e->seglimit) {
+      /* Grow segment buffer. */
+      size_t old_size =
+          (e->seglimit - e->segbuf) * sizeof(upb_pb_encoder_segment);
+      size_t new_size = old_size * 2;
+      upb_pb_encoder_segment *new_buf =
+          upb_arena_realloc(e->arena, e->segbuf, old_size, new_size);
+
+      if (new_buf == NULL) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      e->segptr = new_buf + (e->segptr - e->segbuf);
+      e->seglimit = new_buf + (new_size / sizeof(upb_pb_encoder_segment));
+      e->segbuf = new_buf;
+    }
+  } else {
+    /* We were previously at the top level, start buffering. */
+    e->segptr = e->segbuf;
+    e->top = e->stack;
+    e->runbegin = e->ptr;
+  }
+
+  *e->top = e->segptr - e->segbuf;
+  e->segptr->seglen = 0;
+  e->segptr->msglen = 0;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Call to indicate the end of a delimited region.  We now know the length of
+ * the delimited region.  If we are not nested inside any other delimited
+ * regions, we can now emit all of the buffered data we accumulated. */
+static bool end_delim(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
+  size_t msglen;
+  accumulate(e);
+  msglen = top(e)->msglen;
+
+  if (e->top == e->stack) {
+    /* All lengths are now available, emit all buffered data. */
+    char buf[UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN];
+    upb_pb_encoder_segment *s;
+    const char *ptr = e->buf;
+    for (s = e->segbuf; s <= e->segptr; s++) {
+      size_t lenbytes = upb_vencode64(s->msglen, buf);
+      putbuf(e, buf, lenbytes);
+      putbuf(e, ptr, s->seglen);
+      ptr += s->seglen;
+    }
+
+    e->ptr = e->buf;
+    e->top = NULL;
+  } else {
+    /* Need to keep buffering; propagate length info into enclosing
+     * submessages. */
+    --e->top;
+    top(e)->msglen += msglen + upb_varint_size(msglen);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+/* tag_t **********************************************************************/
+
+/* A precomputed (pre-encoded) tag and length. */
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint8_t bytes;
+  char tag[7];
+} tag_t;
+
+/* Allocates a new tag for this field, and sets it in these handlerattr. */
+static void new_tag(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f, upb_wiretype_t wt,
+                    upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  uint32_t n = upb_fielddef_number(f);
+
+  tag_t *tag = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(tag_t));
+  tag->bytes = upb_vencode64((n << 3) | wt, tag->tag);
+
+  attr->handler_data = tag;
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, tag, upb_gfree);
+}
+
+static bool encode_tag(upb_pb_encoder *e, const tag_t *tag) {
+  return encode_bytes(e, tag->tag, tag->bytes);
+}
+
+
+/* encoding of wire types *****************************************************/
+
+static bool encode_fixed64(upb_pb_encoder *e, uint64_t val) {
+  /* TODO(haberman): byte-swap for big endian. */
+  return encode_bytes(e, &val, sizeof(uint64_t));
+}
+
+static bool encode_fixed32(upb_pb_encoder *e, uint32_t val) {
+  /* TODO(haberman): byte-swap for big endian. */
+  return encode_bytes(e, &val, sizeof(uint32_t));
+}
+
+static bool encode_varint(upb_pb_encoder *e, uint64_t val) {
+  if (!reserve(e, UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  encoder_advance(e, upb_vencode64(val, e->ptr));
+  return true;
+}
+
+static uint64_t dbl2uint64(double d) {
+  uint64_t ret;
+  memcpy(&ret, &d, sizeof(uint64_t));
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static uint32_t flt2uint32(float d) {
+  uint32_t ret;
+  memcpy(&ret, &d, sizeof(uint32_t));
+  return ret;
+}
+
+
+/* encoding of proto types ****************************************************/
+
+static bool startmsg(void *c, const void *hd) {
+  upb_pb_encoder *e = c;
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  if (e->depth++ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(e->output_, 0, &e->subc);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool endmsg(void *c, const void *hd, upb_status *status) {
+  upb_pb_encoder *e = c;
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(status);
+  if (--e->depth == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(e->output_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *encode_startdelimfield(void *c, const void *hd) {
+  bool ok = encode_tag(c, hd) && commit(c) && start_delim(c);
+  return ok ? c : UPB_BREAK;
+}
+
+static bool encode_unknown(void *c, const void *hd, const char *buf,
+                           size_t len) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  return encode_bytes(c, buf, len) && commit(c);
+}
+
+static bool encode_enddelimfield(void *c, const void *hd) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  return end_delim(c);
+}
+
+static void *encode_startgroup(void *c, const void *hd) {
+  return (encode_tag(c, hd) && commit(c)) ? c : UPB_BREAK;
+}
+
+static bool encode_endgroup(void *c, const void *hd) {
+  return encode_tag(c, hd) && commit(c);
+}
+
+static void *encode_startstr(void *c, const void *hd, size_t size_hint) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  return encode_startdelimfield(c, hd);
+}
+
+static size_t encode_strbuf(void *c, const void *hd, const char *buf,
+                            size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *h) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(h);
+  return encode_bytes(c, buf, len) ? len : 0;
+}
+
+#define T(type, ctype, convert, encode)                                  \
+  static bool encode_scalar_##type(void *e, const void *hd, ctype val) { \
+    return encode_tag(e, hd) && encode(e, (convert)(val)) && commit(e);  \
+  }                                                                      \
+  static bool encode_packed_##type(void *e, const void *hd, ctype val) { \
+    UPB_UNUSED(hd);                                                      \
+    return encode(e, (convert)(val));                                    \
+  }
+
+T(double,   double,   dbl2uint64,   encode_fixed64)
+T(float,    float,    flt2uint32,   encode_fixed32)
+T(int64,    int64_t,  uint64_t,     encode_varint)
+T(int32,    int32_t,  int64_t,      encode_varint)
+T(fixed64,  uint64_t, uint64_t,     encode_fixed64)
+T(fixed32,  uint32_t, uint32_t,     encode_fixed32)
+T(bool,     bool,     bool,         encode_varint)
+T(uint32,   uint32_t, uint32_t,     encode_varint)
+T(uint64,   uint64_t, uint64_t,     encode_varint)
+T(enum,     int32_t,  uint32_t,     encode_varint)
+T(sfixed32, int32_t,  uint32_t,     encode_fixed32)
+T(sfixed64, int64_t,  uint64_t,     encode_fixed64)
+T(sint32,   int32_t,  upb_zzenc_32, encode_varint)
+T(sint64,   int64_t,  upb_zzenc_64, encode_varint)
+
+#undef T
+
+
+/* code to build the handlers *************************************************/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+static void newhandlers_callback(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *m;
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, startmsg, NULL);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, endmsg, NULL);
+  upb_handlers_setunknown(h, encode_unknown, NULL);
+
+  m = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, m);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+    bool packed = upb_fielddef_isseq(f) && upb_fielddef_isprimitive(f) &&
+                  upb_fielddef_packed(f);
+    upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+    upb_wiretype_t wt =
+        packed ? UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED
+               : upb_pb_native_wire_types[upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f)];
+
+    /* Pre-encode the tag for this field. */
+    new_tag(h, f, wt, &attr);
+
+    if (packed) {
+      upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, encode_startdelimfield, &attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, encode_enddelimfield, &attr);
+    }
+
+#define T(upper, lower, upbtype)                                     \
+  case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_##upper:                                  \
+    if (packed) {                                                    \
+      upb_handlers_set##upbtype(h, f, encode_packed_##lower, &attr); \
+    } else {                                                         \
+      upb_handlers_set##upbtype(h, f, encode_scalar_##lower, &attr); \
+    }                                                                \
+    break;
+
+    switch (upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f)) {
+      T(DOUBLE,   double,   double);
+      T(FLOAT,    float,    float);
+      T(INT64,    int64,    int64);
+      T(INT32,    int32,    int32);
+      T(FIXED64,  fixed64,  uint64);
+      T(FIXED32,  fixed32,  uint32);
+      T(BOOL,     bool,     bool);
+      T(UINT32,   uint32,   uint32);
+      T(UINT64,   uint64,   uint64);
+      T(ENUM,     enum,     int32);
+      T(SFIXED32, sfixed32, int32);
+      T(SFIXED64, sfixed64, int64);
+      T(SINT32,   sint32,   int32);
+      T(SINT64,   sint64,   int64);
+      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING:
+      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES:
+        upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, encode_startstr, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, encode_enddelimfield, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, encode_strbuf, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, encode_startdelimfield, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, f, encode_enddelimfield, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP: {
+        /* Endgroup takes a different tag (wire_type = END_GROUP). */
+        upb_handlerattr attr2 = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+        new_tag(h, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP, &attr2);
+
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, encode_startgroup, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, f, encode_endgroup, &attr2);
+
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+#undef T
+  }
+}
+
+void upb_pb_encoder_reset(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
+  e->segptr = NULL;
+  e->top = NULL;
+  e->depth = 0;
+}
+
+
+/* public API *****************************************************************/
+
+upb_handlercache *upb_pb_encoder_newcache(void) {
+  return upb_handlercache_new(newhandlers_callback, NULL);
+}
+
+upb_pb_encoder *upb_pb_encoder_create(upb_arena *arena, const upb_handlers *h,
+                                      upb_bytessink output) {
+  const size_t initial_bufsize = 256;
+  const size_t initial_segbufsize = 16;
+  /* TODO(haberman): make this configurable. */
+  const size_t stack_size = 64;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  const size_t size_before = upb_arena_bytesallocated(arena);
+#endif
+
+  upb_pb_encoder *e = upb_arena_malloc(arena, sizeof(upb_pb_encoder));
+  if (!e) return NULL;
+
+  e->buf = upb_arena_malloc(arena, initial_bufsize);
+  e->segbuf = upb_arena_malloc(arena, initial_segbufsize * sizeof(*e->segbuf));
+  e->stack = upb_arena_malloc(arena, stack_size * sizeof(*e->stack));
+
+  if (!e->buf || !e->segbuf || !e->stack) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  e->limit = e->buf + initial_bufsize;
+  e->seglimit = e->segbuf + initial_segbufsize;
+  e->stacklimit = e->stack + stack_size;
+
+  upb_pb_encoder_reset(e);
+  upb_sink_reset(&e->input_, h, e);
+
+  e->arena = arena;
+  e->output_ = output;
+  e->subc = output.closure;
+  e->ptr = e->buf;
+
+  /* If this fails, increase the value in encoder.h. */
+  UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(upb_arena_bytesallocated(arena) - size_before <=
+                      UPB_PB_ENCODER_SIZE);
+  return e;
+}
+
+upb_sink upb_pb_encoder_input(upb_pb_encoder *e) { return e->input_; }
+/*
+ * upb::pb::TextPrinter
+ *
+ * OPT: This is not optimized at all.  It uses printf() which parses the format
+ * string every time, and it allocates memory for every put.
+ */
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+
+struct upb_textprinter {
+  upb_sink input_;
+  upb_bytessink output_;
+  int indent_depth_;
+  bool single_line_;
+  void *subc;
+};
+
+#define CHECK(x) if ((x) < 0) goto err;
+
+static const char *shortname(const char *longname) {
+  const char *last = strrchr(longname, '.');
+  return last ? last + 1 : longname;
+}
+
+static int indent(upb_textprinter *p) {
+  int i;
+  if (!p->single_line_)
+    for (i = 0; i < p->indent_depth_; i++)
+      upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, "  ", 2, NULL);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int endfield(upb_textprinter *p) {
+  const char ch = (p->single_line_ ? ' ' : '\n');
+  upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, &ch, 1, NULL);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int putescaped(upb_textprinter *p, const char *buf, size_t len,
+                      bool preserve_utf8) {
+  /* Based on CEscapeInternal() from Google's protobuf release. */
+  char dstbuf[4096], *dst = dstbuf, *dstend = dstbuf + sizeof(dstbuf);
+  const char *end = buf + len;
+
+  /* I think hex is prettier and more useful, but proto2 uses octal; should
+   * investigate whether it can parse hex also. */
+  const bool use_hex = false;
+  bool last_hex_escape = false; /* true if last output char was \xNN */
+
+  for (; buf < end; buf++) {
+    bool is_hex_escape;
+
+    if (dstend - dst < 4) {
+      upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, dstbuf, dst - dstbuf, NULL);
+      dst = dstbuf;
+    }
+
+    is_hex_escape = false;
+    switch (*buf) {
+      case '\n': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = 'n';  break;
+      case '\r': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = 'r';  break;
+      case '\t': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = 't';  break;
+      case '\"': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = '\"'; break;
+      case '\'': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = '\''; break;
+      case '\\': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = '\\'; break;
+      default:
+        /* Note that if we emit \xNN and the buf character after that is a hex
+         * digit then that digit must be escaped too to prevent it being
+         * interpreted as part of the character code by C. */
+        if ((!preserve_utf8 || (uint8_t)*buf < 0x80) &&
+            (!isprint(*buf) || (last_hex_escape && isxdigit(*buf)))) {
+          sprintf(dst, (use_hex ? "\\x%02x" : "\\%03o"), (uint8_t)*buf);
+          is_hex_escape = use_hex;
+          dst += 4;
+        } else {
+          *(dst++) = *buf; break;
+        }
+    }
+    last_hex_escape = is_hex_escape;
+  }
+  /* Flush remaining data. */
+  upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, dstbuf, dst - dstbuf, NULL);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+bool putf(upb_textprinter *p, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_list args_copy;
+  char *str;
+  int written;
+  int len;
+  bool ok;
+
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+
+  /* Run once to get the length of the string. */
+  _upb_va_copy(args_copy, args);
+  len = _upb_vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, args_copy);
+  va_end(args_copy);
+
+  /* + 1 for NULL terminator (vsprintf() requires it even if we don't). */
+  str = upb_gmalloc(len + 1);
+  if (!str) return false;
+  written = vsprintf(str, fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  UPB_ASSERT(written == len);
+
+  ok = upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, str, len, NULL);
+  upb_gfree(str);
+  return ok;
+}
+
+
+/* handlers *******************************************************************/
+
+static bool textprinter_startmsg(void *c, const void *hd) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = c;
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  if (p->indent_depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool textprinter_endmsg(void *c, const void *hd, upb_status *s) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = c;
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(s);
+  if (p->indent_depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+#define TYPE(name, ctype, fmt) \
+  static bool textprinter_put ## name(void *closure, const void *handler_data, \
+                                      ctype val) {                             \
+    upb_textprinter *p = closure;                                              \
+    const upb_fielddef *f = handler_data;                                      \
+    CHECK(indent(p));                                                          \
+    putf(p, "%s: " fmt, upb_fielddef_name(f), val);                            \
+    CHECK(endfield(p));                                                        \
+    return true;                                                               \
+  err:                                                                         \
+    return false;                                                              \
+}
+
+static bool textprinter_putbool(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                bool val) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
+  const upb_fielddef *f = handler_data;
+  CHECK(indent(p));
+  putf(p, "%s: %s", upb_fielddef_name(f), val ? "true" : "false");
+  CHECK(endfield(p));
+  return true;
+err:
+  return false;
+}
+
+#define STRINGIFY_HELPER(x) #x
+#define STRINGIFY_MACROVAL(x) STRINGIFY_HELPER(x)
+
+TYPE(int32,  int32_t,  "%" PRId32)
+TYPE(int64,  int64_t,  "%" PRId64)
+TYPE(uint32, uint32_t, "%" PRIu32)
+TYPE(uint64, uint64_t, "%" PRIu64)
+TYPE(float,  float,    "%." STRINGIFY_MACROVAL(FLT_DIG) "g")
+TYPE(double, double,   "%." STRINGIFY_MACROVAL(DBL_DIG) "g")
+
+#undef TYPE
+
+/* Output a symbolic value from the enum if found, else just print as int32. */
+static bool textprinter_putenum(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                int32_t val) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
+  const upb_fielddef *f = handler_data;
+  const upb_enumdef *enum_def = upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(f);
+  const char *label = upb_enumdef_iton(enum_def, val);
+  if (label) {
+    indent(p);
+    putf(p, "%s: %s", upb_fielddef_name(f), label);
+    endfield(p);
+  } else {
+    if (!textprinter_putint32(closure, handler_data, val))
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *textprinter_startstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                      size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
+  const upb_fielddef *f = handler_data;
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  indent(p);
+  putf(p, "%s: \"", upb_fielddef_name(f));
+  return p;
+}
+
+static bool textprinter_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  putf(p, "\"");
+  endfield(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static size_t textprinter_putstr(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf,
+                                 size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
+  const upb_fielddef *f = hd;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+  CHECK(putescaped(p, buf, len, upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_STRING));
+  return len;
+err:
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void *textprinter_startsubmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
+  const char *name = handler_data;
+  CHECK(indent(p));
+  putf(p, "%s {%c", name, p->single_line_ ? ' ' : '\n');
+  p->indent_depth_++;
+  return p;
+err:
+  return UPB_BREAK;
+}
+
+static bool textprinter_endsubmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  p->indent_depth_--;
+  CHECK(indent(p));
+  upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, "}", 1, NULL);
+  CHECK(endfield(p));
+  return true;
+err:
+  return false;
+}
+
+static void onmreg(const void *c, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *m = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  UPB_UNUSED(c);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, textprinter_startmsg, NULL);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, textprinter_endmsg, NULL);
+
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, m);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+    upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+    attr.handler_data = f;
+    switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+      case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+        upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, textprinter_putint32, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+        upb_handlers_setint64(h, f, textprinter_putint64, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+        upb_handlers_setuint32(h, f, textprinter_putuint32, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+        upb_handlers_setuint64(h, f, textprinter_putuint64, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+        upb_handlers_setfloat(h, f, textprinter_putfloat, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+        upb_handlers_setdouble(h, f, textprinter_putdouble, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+        upb_handlers_setbool(h, f, textprinter_putbool, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+        upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, textprinter_startstr, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, textprinter_putstr, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, textprinter_endstr, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        const char *name =
+            upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f) == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP
+                ? shortname(upb_msgdef_fullname(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f)))
+                : upb_fielddef_name(f);
+        attr.handler_data = name;
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, textprinter_startsubmsg, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, f, textprinter_endsubmsg, &attr);
+        break;
+      }
+      case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+        upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, textprinter_putenum, &attr);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void textprinter_reset(upb_textprinter *p, bool single_line) {
+  p->single_line_ = single_line;
+  p->indent_depth_ = 0;
+}
+
+
+/* Public API *****************************************************************/
+
+upb_textprinter *upb_textprinter_create(upb_arena *arena, const upb_handlers *h,
+                                        upb_bytessink output) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = upb_arena_malloc(arena, sizeof(upb_textprinter));
+  if (!p) return NULL;
+
+  p->output_ = output;
+  upb_sink_reset(&p->input_, h, p);
+  textprinter_reset(p, false);
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+upb_handlercache *upb_textprinter_newcache(void) {
+  return upb_handlercache_new(&onmreg, NULL);
+}
+
+upb_sink upb_textprinter_input(upb_textprinter *p) { return p->input_; }
+
+void upb_textprinter_setsingleline(upb_textprinter *p, bool single_line) {
+  p->single_line_ = single_line;
+}
+
+
+/* Index is descriptor type. */
+const uint8_t upb_pb_native_wire_types[] = {
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP,     /* ENDGROUP */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT,         /* DOUBLE */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT,         /* FLOAT */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* INT64 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* UINT64 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* INT32 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT,         /* FIXED64 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT,         /* FIXED32 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* BOOL */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED,     /* STRING */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP,   /* GROUP */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED,     /* MESSAGE */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED,     /* BYTES */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* UINT32 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* ENUM */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT,         /* SFIXED32 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT,         /* SFIXED64 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* SINT32 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* SINT64 */
+};
+
+/* A basic branch-based decoder, uses 32-bit values to get good performance
+ * on 32-bit architectures (but performs well on 64-bits also).
+ * This scheme comes from the original Google Protobuf implementation
+ * (proto2). */
+upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_max8_branch32(upb_decoderet r) {
+  upb_decoderet err = {NULL, 0};
+  const char *p = r.p;
+  uint32_t low = (uint32_t)r.val;
+  uint32_t high = 0;
+  uint32_t b;
+  b = *(p++); low  |= (b & 0x7fU) << 14; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); low  |= (b & 0x7fU) << 21; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); low  |= (b & 0x7fU) << 28;
+              high  = (b & 0x7fU) >>  4; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) <<  3; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) << 10; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) << 17; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) << 24; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) << 31; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  return err;
+
+done:
+  r.val = ((uint64_t)high << 32) | low;
+  r.p = p;
+  return r;
+}
+
+/* Like the previous, but uses 64-bit values. */
+upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_max8_branch64(upb_decoderet r) {
+  const char *p = r.p;
+  uint64_t val = r.val;
+  uint64_t b;
+  upb_decoderet err = {NULL, 0};
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 14; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 21; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 28; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 35; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 42; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 49; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 56; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 63; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  return err;
+
+done:
+  r.val = val;
+  r.p = p;
+  return r;
+}
+
+// #line 1 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+/*
+** upb::json::Parser (upb_json_parser)
+**
+** A parser that uses the Ragel State Machine Compiler to generate
+** the finite automata.
+**
+** Ragel only natively handles regular languages, but we can manually
+** program it a bit to handle context-free languages like JSON, by using
+** the "fcall" and "fret" constructs.
+**
+** This parser can handle the basics, but needs several things to be fleshed
+** out:
+**
+** - handling of unicode escape sequences (including high surrogate pairs).
+** - properly check and report errors for unknown fields, stack overflow,
+**   improper array nesting (or lack of nesting).
+** - handling of base64 sequences with padding characters.
+** - handling of push-back (non-success returns from sink functions).
+** - handling of keys/escape-sequences/etc that span input buffers.
+*/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+
+
+#define UPB_JSON_MAX_DEPTH 64
+
+/* Type of value message */
+enum {
+  VALUE_NULLVALUE   = 0,
+  VALUE_NUMBERVALUE = 1,
+  VALUE_STRINGVALUE = 2,
+  VALUE_BOOLVALUE   = 3,
+  VALUE_STRUCTVALUE = 4,
+  VALUE_LISTVALUE   = 5
+};
+
+/* Forward declare */
+static bool is_top_level(upb_json_parser *p);
+static bool is_wellknown_msg(upb_json_parser *p, upb_wellknowntype_t type);
+static bool is_wellknown_field(upb_json_parser *p, upb_wellknowntype_t type);
+
+static bool is_number_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+static bool does_number_wrapper_start(upb_json_parser *p);
+static bool does_number_wrapper_end(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static bool is_string_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+static bool does_string_wrapper_start(upb_json_parser *p);
+static bool does_string_wrapper_end(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static bool does_fieldmask_start(upb_json_parser *p);
+static bool does_fieldmask_end(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void start_fieldmask_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void end_fieldmask_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void end_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_value_object(upb_json_parser *p, int value_type);
+static void end_value_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_listvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void end_listvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_structvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void end_structvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void end_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_any_object(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr);
+static bool end_any_object(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr);
+
+static bool start_subobject(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void end_subobject(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_member(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void end_member(upb_json_parser *p);
+static bool end_membername(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_any_member(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr);
+static void end_any_member(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr);
+static bool end_any_membername(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+size_t parse(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf, size_t size,
+             const upb_bufhandle *handle);
+static bool end(void *closure, const void *hd);
+
+static const char eof_ch = 'e';
+
+/* stringsink */
+typedef struct {
+  upb_byteshandler handler;
+  upb_bytessink sink;
+  char *ptr;
+  size_t len, size;
+} upb_stringsink;
+
+
+static void *stringsink_start(void *_sink, const void *hd, size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_stringsink *sink = _sink;
+  sink->len = 0;
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  return sink;
+}
+
+static size_t stringsink_string(void *_sink, const void *hd, const char *ptr,
+                                size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_stringsink *sink = _sink;
+  size_t new_size = sink->size;
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+
+  while (sink->len + len > new_size) {
+    new_size *= 2;
+  }
+
+  if (new_size != sink->size) {
+    sink->ptr = realloc(sink->ptr, new_size);
+    sink->size = new_size;
+  }
+
+  memcpy(sink->ptr + sink->len, ptr, len);
+  sink->len += len;
+
+  return len;
+}
+
+void upb_stringsink_init(upb_stringsink *sink) {
+  upb_byteshandler_init(&sink->handler);
+  upb_byteshandler_setstartstr(&sink->handler, stringsink_start, NULL);
+  upb_byteshandler_setstring(&sink->handler, stringsink_string, NULL);
+
+  upb_bytessink_reset(&sink->sink, &sink->handler, sink);
+
+  sink->size = 32;
+  sink->ptr = malloc(sink->size);
+  sink->len = 0;
+}
+
+void upb_stringsink_uninit(upb_stringsink *sink) { free(sink->ptr); }
+
+typedef struct {
+  /* For encoding Any value field in binary format. */
+  upb_handlercache *encoder_handlercache;
+  upb_stringsink stringsink;
+
+  /* For decoding Any value field in json format. */
+  upb_json_codecache *parser_codecache;
+  upb_sink sink;
+  upb_json_parser *parser;
+
+  /* Mark the range of uninterpreted values in json input before type url. */
+  const char *before_type_url_start;
+  const char *before_type_url_end;
+
+  /* Mark the range of uninterpreted values in json input after type url. */
+  const char *after_type_url_start;
+} upb_jsonparser_any_frame;
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_sink sink;
+
+  /* The current message in which we're parsing, and the field whose value we're
+   * expecting next. */
+  const upb_msgdef *m;
+  const upb_fielddef *f;
+
+  /* The table mapping json name to fielddef for this message. */
+  const upb_strtable *name_table;
+
+  /* We are in a repeated-field context. We need this flag to decide whether to
+   * handle the array as a normal repeated field or a
+   * google.protobuf.ListValue/google.protobuf.Value. */
+  bool is_repeated;
+
+  /* We are in a repeated-field context, ready to emit mapentries as
+   * submessages. This flag alters the start-of-object (open-brace) behavior to
+   * begin a sequence of mapentry messages rather than a single submessage. */
+  bool is_map;
+
+  /* We are in a map-entry message context. This flag is set when parsing the
+   * value field of a single map entry and indicates to all value-field parsers
+   * (subobjects, strings, numbers, and bools) that the map-entry submessage
+   * should end as soon as the value is parsed. */
+  bool is_mapentry;
+
+  /* If |is_map| or |is_mapentry| is true, |mapfield| refers to the parent
+   * message's map field that we're currently parsing. This differs from |f|
+   * because |f| is the field in the *current* message (i.e., the map-entry
+   * message itself), not the parent's field that leads to this map. */
+  const upb_fielddef *mapfield;
+
+  /* We are in an Any message context. This flag is set when parsing the Any
+   * message and indicates to all field parsers (subobjects, strings, numbers,
+   * and bools) that the parsed field should be serialized as binary data or
+   * cached (type url not found yet). */
+  bool is_any;
+
+  /* The type of packed message in Any. */
+  upb_jsonparser_any_frame *any_frame;
+
+  /* True if the field to be parsed is unknown. */
+  bool is_unknown_field;
+} upb_jsonparser_frame;
+
+static void init_frame(upb_jsonparser_frame* frame) {
+  frame->m = NULL;
+  frame->f = NULL;
+  frame->name_table = NULL;
+  frame->is_repeated = false;
+  frame->is_map = false;
+  frame->is_mapentry = false;
+  frame->mapfield = NULL;
+  frame->is_any = false;
+  frame->any_frame = NULL;
+  frame->is_unknown_field = false;
+}
+
+struct upb_json_parser {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  const upb_json_parsermethod *method;
+  upb_bytessink input_;
+
+  /* Stack to track the JSON scopes we are in. */
+  upb_jsonparser_frame stack[UPB_JSON_MAX_DEPTH];
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *top;
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *limit;
+
+  upb_status *status;
+
+  /* Ragel's internal parsing stack for the parsing state machine. */
+  int current_state;
+  int parser_stack[UPB_JSON_MAX_DEPTH];
+  int parser_top;
+
+  /* The handle for the current buffer. */
+  const upb_bufhandle *handle;
+
+  /* Accumulate buffer.  See details in parser.rl. */
+  const char *accumulated;
+  size_t accumulated_len;
+  char *accumulate_buf;
+  size_t accumulate_buf_size;
+
+  /* Multi-part text data.  See details in parser.rl. */
+  int multipart_state;
+  upb_selector_t string_selector;
+
+  /* Input capture.  See details in parser.rl. */
+  const char *capture;
+
+  /* Intermediate result of parsing a unicode escape sequence. */
+  uint32_t digit;
+
+  /* For resolve type url in Any. */
+  const upb_symtab *symtab;
+
+  /* Whether to proceed if unknown field is met. */
+  bool ignore_json_unknown;
+
+  /* Cache for parsing timestamp due to base and zone are handled in different
+   * handlers. */
+  struct tm tm;
+};
+
+static upb_jsonparser_frame* start_jsonparser_frame(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+  inner = p->top + 1;
+  init_frame(inner);
+  return inner;
+}
+
+struct upb_json_codecache {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  upb_inttable methods;   /* upb_msgdef* -> upb_json_parsermethod* */
+};
+
+struct upb_json_parsermethod {
+  const upb_json_codecache *cache;
+  upb_byteshandler input_handler_;
+
+  /* Maps json_name -> fielddef */
+  upb_strtable name_table;
+};
+
+#define PARSER_CHECK_RETURN(x) if (!(x)) return false
+
+static upb_jsonparser_any_frame *json_parser_any_frame_new(
+    upb_json_parser *p) {
+  upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame;
+
+  frame = upb_arena_malloc(p->arena, sizeof(upb_jsonparser_any_frame));
+
+  frame->encoder_handlercache = upb_pb_encoder_newcache();
+  frame->parser_codecache = upb_json_codecache_new();
+  frame->parser = NULL;
+  frame->before_type_url_start = NULL;
+  frame->before_type_url_end = NULL;
+  frame->after_type_url_start = NULL;
+
+  upb_stringsink_init(&frame->stringsink);
+
+  return frame;
+}
+
+static void json_parser_any_frame_set_payload_type(
+    upb_json_parser *p,
+    upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame,
+    const upb_msgdef *payload_type) {
+  const upb_handlers *h;
+  const upb_json_parsermethod *parser_method;
+  upb_pb_encoder *encoder;
+
+  /* Initialize encoder. */
+  h = upb_handlercache_get(frame->encoder_handlercache, payload_type);
+  encoder = upb_pb_encoder_create(p->arena, h, frame->stringsink.sink);
+
+  /* Initialize parser. */
+  parser_method = upb_json_codecache_get(frame->parser_codecache, payload_type);
+  upb_sink_reset(&frame->sink, h, encoder);
+  frame->parser =
+      upb_json_parser_create(p->arena, parser_method, p->symtab, frame->sink,
+                             p->status, p->ignore_json_unknown);
+}
+
+static void json_parser_any_frame_free(upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame) {
+  upb_handlercache_free(frame->encoder_handlercache);
+  upb_json_codecache_free(frame->parser_codecache);
+  upb_stringsink_uninit(&frame->stringsink);
+}
+
+static bool json_parser_any_frame_has_type_url(
+  upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame) {
+  return frame->parser != NULL;
+}
+
+static bool json_parser_any_frame_has_value_before_type_url(
+  upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame) {
+  return frame->before_type_url_start != frame->before_type_url_end;
+}
+
+static bool json_parser_any_frame_has_value_after_type_url(
+  upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame) {
+  return frame->after_type_url_start != NULL;
+}
+
+static bool json_parser_any_frame_has_value(
+  upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame) {
+  return json_parser_any_frame_has_value_before_type_url(frame) ||
+         json_parser_any_frame_has_value_after_type_url(frame);
+}
+
+static void json_parser_any_frame_set_before_type_url_end(
+    upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame,
+    const char *ptr) {
+  if (frame->parser == NULL) {
+    frame->before_type_url_end = ptr;
+  }
+}
+
+static void json_parser_any_frame_set_after_type_url_start_once(
+    upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame,
+    const char *ptr) {
+  if (json_parser_any_frame_has_type_url(frame) &&
+      frame->after_type_url_start == NULL) {
+    frame->after_type_url_start = ptr;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Used to signal that a capture has been suspended. */
+static char suspend_capture;
+
+static upb_selector_t getsel_for_handlertype(upb_json_parser *p,
+                                             upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+  bool ok = upb_handlers_getselector(p->top->f, type, &sel);
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  return sel;
+}
+
+static upb_selector_t parser_getsel(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return getsel_for_handlertype(
+      p, upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(p->top->f));
+}
+
+static bool check_stack(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  if ((p->top + 1) == p->limit) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "Nesting too deep");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void set_name_table(upb_json_parser *p, upb_jsonparser_frame *frame) {
+  upb_value v;
+  const upb_json_codecache *cache = p->method->cache;
+  bool ok;
+  const upb_json_parsermethod *method;
+
+  ok = upb_inttable_lookupptr(&cache->methods, frame->m, &v);
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  method = upb_value_getconstptr(v);
+
+  frame->name_table = &method->name_table;
+}
+
+/* There are GCC/Clang built-ins for overflow checking which we could start
+ * using if there was any performance benefit to it. */
+
+static bool checked_add(size_t a, size_t b, size_t *c) {
+  if (SIZE_MAX - a < b) return false;
+  *c = a + b;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static size_t saturating_multiply(size_t a, size_t b) {
+  /* size_t is unsigned, so this is defined behavior even on overflow. */
+  size_t ret = a * b;
+  if (b != 0 && ret / b != a) {
+    ret = SIZE_MAX;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+
+/* Base64 decoding ************************************************************/
+
+/* TODO(haberman): make this streaming. */
+
+static const signed char b64table[] = {
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      62/*+*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      63/*/ */,
+  52/*0*/, 53/*1*/, 54/*2*/, 55/*3*/, 56/*4*/, 57/*5*/, 58/*6*/, 59/*7*/,
+  60/*8*/, 61/*9*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,       0/*A*/,  1/*B*/,  2/*C*/,  3/*D*/,  4/*E*/,  5/*F*/,  6/*G*/,
+  07/*H*/,  8/*I*/,  9/*J*/, 10/*K*/, 11/*L*/, 12/*M*/, 13/*N*/, 14/*O*/,
+  15/*P*/, 16/*Q*/, 17/*R*/, 18/*S*/, 19/*T*/, 20/*U*/, 21/*V*/, 22/*W*/,
+  23/*X*/, 24/*Y*/, 25/*Z*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      26/*a*/, 27/*b*/, 28/*c*/, 29/*d*/, 30/*e*/, 31/*f*/, 32/*g*/,
+  33/*h*/, 34/*i*/, 35/*j*/, 36/*k*/, 37/*l*/, 38/*m*/, 39/*n*/, 40/*o*/,
+  41/*p*/, 42/*q*/, 43/*r*/, 44/*s*/, 45/*t*/, 46/*u*/, 47/*v*/, 48/*w*/,
+  49/*x*/, 50/*y*/, 51/*z*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1
+};
+
+/* Returns the table value sign-extended to 32 bits.  Knowing that the upper
+ * bits will be 1 for unrecognized characters makes it easier to check for
+ * this error condition later (see below). */
+int32_t b64lookup(unsigned char ch) { return b64table[ch]; }
+
+/* Returns true if the given character is not a valid base64 character or
+ * padding. */
+bool nonbase64(unsigned char ch) { return b64lookup(ch) == -1 && ch != '='; }
+
+static bool base64_push(upb_json_parser *p, upb_selector_t sel, const char *ptr,
+                        size_t len) {
+  const char *limit = ptr + len;
+  for (; ptr < limit; ptr += 4) {
+    uint32_t val;
+    char output[3];
+
+    if (limit - ptr < 4) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+                         "Base64 input for bytes field not a multiple of 4: %s",
+                         upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    val = b64lookup(ptr[0]) << 18 |
+          b64lookup(ptr[1]) << 12 |
+          b64lookup(ptr[2]) << 6  |
+          b64lookup(ptr[3]);
+
+    /* Test the upper bit; returns true if any of the characters returned -1. */
+    if (val & 0x80000000) {
+      goto otherchar;
+    }
+
+    output[0] = val >> 16;
+    output[1] = (val >> 8) & 0xff;
+    output[2] = val & 0xff;
+    upb_sink_putstring(p->top->sink, sel, output, 3, NULL);
+  }
+  return true;
+
+otherchar:
+  if (nonbase64(ptr[0]) || nonbase64(ptr[1]) || nonbase64(ptr[2]) ||
+      nonbase64(ptr[3]) ) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+                       "Non-base64 characters in bytes field: %s",
+                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
+    return false;
+  } if (ptr[2] == '=') {
+    uint32_t val;
+    char output;
+
+    /* Last group contains only two input bytes, one output byte. */
+    if (ptr[0] == '=' || ptr[1] == '=' || ptr[3] != '=') {
+      goto badpadding;
+    }
+
+    val = b64lookup(ptr[0]) << 18 |
+          b64lookup(ptr[1]) << 12;
+
+    UPB_ASSERT(!(val & 0x80000000));
+    output = val >> 16;
+    upb_sink_putstring(p->top->sink, sel, &output, 1, NULL);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    uint32_t val;
+    char output[2];
+
+    /* Last group contains only three input bytes, two output bytes. */
+    if (ptr[0] == '=' || ptr[1] == '=' || ptr[2] == '=') {
+      goto badpadding;
+    }
+
+    val = b64lookup(ptr[0]) << 18 |
+          b64lookup(ptr[1]) << 12 |
+          b64lookup(ptr[2]) << 6;
+
+    output[0] = val >> 16;
+    output[1] = (val >> 8) & 0xff;
+    upb_sink_putstring(p->top->sink, sel, output, 2, NULL);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+badpadding:
+  upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+                     "Incorrect base64 padding for field: %s (%.*s)",
+                     upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f),
+                     4, ptr);
+  return false;
+}
+
+
+/* Accumulate buffer **********************************************************/
+
+/* Functionality for accumulating a buffer.
+ *
+ * Some parts of the parser need an entire value as a contiguous string.  For
+ * example, to look up a member name in a hash table, or to turn a string into
+ * a number, the relevant library routines need the input string to be in
+ * contiguous memory, even if the value spanned two or more buffers in the
+ * input.  These routines handle that.
+ *
+ * In the common case we can just point to the input buffer to get this
+ * contiguous string and avoid any actual copy.  So we optimistically begin
+ * this way.  But there are a few cases where we must instead copy into a
+ * separate buffer:
+ *
+ *   1. The string was not contiguous in the input (it spanned buffers).
+ *
+ *   2. The string included escape sequences that need to be interpreted to get
+ *      the true value in a contiguous buffer. */
+
+static void assert_accumulate_empty(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->accumulated == NULL);
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->accumulated_len == 0);
+}
+
+static void accumulate_clear(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  p->accumulated = NULL;
+  p->accumulated_len = 0;
+}
+
+/* Used internally by accumulate_append(). */
+static bool accumulate_realloc(upb_json_parser *p, size_t need) {
+  void *mem;
+  size_t old_size = p->accumulate_buf_size;
+  size_t new_size = UPB_MAX(old_size, 128);
+  while (new_size < need) {
+    new_size = saturating_multiply(new_size, 2);
+  }
+
+  mem = upb_arena_realloc(p->arena, p->accumulate_buf, old_size, new_size);
+  if (!mem) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "Out of memory allocating buffer.");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  p->accumulate_buf = mem;
+  p->accumulate_buf_size = new_size;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Logically appends the given data to the append buffer.
+ * If "can_alias" is true, we will try to avoid actually copying, but the buffer
+ * must be valid until the next accumulate_append() call (if any). */
+static bool accumulate_append(upb_json_parser *p, const char *buf, size_t len,
+                              bool can_alias) {
+  size_t need;
+
+  if (!p->accumulated && can_alias) {
+    p->accumulated = buf;
+    p->accumulated_len = len;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!checked_add(p->accumulated_len, len, &need)) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "Integer overflow.");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (need > p->accumulate_buf_size && !accumulate_realloc(p, need)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (p->accumulated != p->accumulate_buf) {
+    memcpy(p->accumulate_buf, p->accumulated, p->accumulated_len);
+    p->accumulated = p->accumulate_buf;
+  }
+
+  memcpy(p->accumulate_buf + p->accumulated_len, buf, len);
+  p->accumulated_len += len;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Returns a pointer to the data accumulated since the last accumulate_clear()
+ * call, and writes the length to *len.  This with point either to the input
+ * buffer or a temporary accumulate buffer. */
+static const char *accumulate_getptr(upb_json_parser *p, size_t *len) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->accumulated);
+  *len = p->accumulated_len;
+  return p->accumulated;
+}
+
+
+/* Mult-part text data ********************************************************/
+
+/* When we have text data in the input, it can often come in multiple segments.
+ * For example, there may be some raw string data followed by an escape
+ * sequence.  The two segments are processed with different logic.  Also buffer
+ * seams in the input can cause multiple segments.
+ *
+ * As we see segments, there are two main cases for how we want to process them:
+ *
+ *  1. we want to push the captured input directly to string handlers.
+ *
+ *  2. we need to accumulate all the parts into a contiguous buffer for further
+ *     processing (field name lookup, string->number conversion, etc). */
+
+/* This is the set of states for p->multipart_state. */
+enum {
+  /* We are not currently processing multipart data. */
+  MULTIPART_INACTIVE = 0,
+
+  /* We are processing multipart data by accumulating it into a contiguous
+   * buffer. */
+  MULTIPART_ACCUMULATE = 1,
+
+  /* We are processing multipart data by pushing each part directly to the
+   * current string handlers. */
+  MULTIPART_PUSHEAGERLY = 2
+};
+
+/* Start a multi-part text value where we accumulate the data for processing at
+ * the end. */
+static void multipart_startaccum(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  assert_accumulate_empty(p);
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->multipart_state == MULTIPART_INACTIVE);
+  p->multipart_state = MULTIPART_ACCUMULATE;
+}
+
+/* Start a multi-part text value where we immediately push text data to a string
+ * value with the given selector. */
+static void multipart_start(upb_json_parser *p, upb_selector_t sel) {
+  assert_accumulate_empty(p);
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->multipart_state == MULTIPART_INACTIVE);
+  p->multipart_state = MULTIPART_PUSHEAGERLY;
+  p->string_selector = sel;
+}
+
+static bool multipart_text(upb_json_parser *p, const char *buf, size_t len,
+                           bool can_alias) {
+  switch (p->multipart_state) {
+    case MULTIPART_INACTIVE:
+      upb_status_seterrmsg(
+          p->status, "Internal error: unexpected state MULTIPART_INACTIVE");
+      return false;
+
+    case MULTIPART_ACCUMULATE:
+      if (!accumulate_append(p, buf, len, can_alias)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case MULTIPART_PUSHEAGERLY: {
+      const upb_bufhandle *handle = can_alias ? p->handle : NULL;
+      upb_sink_putstring(p->top->sink, p->string_selector, buf, len, handle);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Note: this invalidates the accumulate buffer!  Call only after reading its
+ * contents. */
+static void multipart_end(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->multipart_state != MULTIPART_INACTIVE);
+  p->multipart_state = MULTIPART_INACTIVE;
+  accumulate_clear(p);
+}
+
+
+/* Input capture **************************************************************/
+
+/* Functionality for capturing a region of the input as text.  Gracefully
+ * handles the case where a buffer seam occurs in the middle of the captured
+ * region. */
+
+static void capture_begin(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->multipart_state != MULTIPART_INACTIVE);
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->capture == NULL);
+  p->capture = ptr;
+}
+
+static bool capture_end(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->capture);
+  if (multipart_text(p, p->capture, ptr - p->capture, true)) {
+    p->capture = NULL;
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+/* This is called at the end of each input buffer (ie. when we have hit a
+ * buffer seam).  If we are in the middle of capturing the input, this
+ * processes the unprocessed capture region. */
+static void capture_suspend(upb_json_parser *p, const char **ptr) {
+  if (!p->capture) return;
+
+  if (multipart_text(p, p->capture, *ptr - p->capture, false)) {
+    /* We use this as a signal that we were in the middle of capturing, and
+     * that capturing should resume at the beginning of the next buffer.
+     * 
+     * We can't use *ptr here, because we have no guarantee that this pointer
+     * will be valid when we resume (if the underlying memory is freed, then
+     * using the pointer at all, even to compare to NULL, is likely undefined
+     * behavior). */
+    p->capture = &suspend_capture;
+  } else {
+    /* Need to back up the pointer to the beginning of the capture, since
+     * we were not able to actually preserve it. */
+    *ptr = p->capture;
+  }
+}
+
+static void capture_resume(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (p->capture) {
+    UPB_ASSERT(p->capture == &suspend_capture);
+    p->capture = ptr;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* Callbacks from the parser **************************************************/
+
+/* These are the functions called directly from the parser itself.
+ * We define these in the same order as their declarations in the parser. */
+
+static char escape_char(char in) {
+  switch (in) {
+    case 'r': return '\r';
+    case 't': return '\t';
+    case 'n': return '\n';
+    case 'f': return '\f';
+    case 'b': return '\b';
+    case '/': return '/';
+    case '"': return '"';
+    case '\\': return '\\';
+    default:
+      UPB_ASSERT(0);
+      return 'x';
+  }
+}
+
+static bool escape(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  char ch = escape_char(*ptr);
+  return multipart_text(p, &ch, 1, false);
+}
+
+static void start_hex(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  p->digit = 0;
+}
+
+static void hexdigit(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  char ch = *ptr;
+
+  p->digit <<= 4;
+
+  if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
+    p->digit += (ch - '0');
+  } else if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f') {
+    p->digit += ((ch - 'a') + 10);
+  } else {
+    UPB_ASSERT(ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F');
+    p->digit += ((ch - 'A') + 10);
+  }
+}
+
+static bool end_hex(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  uint32_t codepoint = p->digit;
+
+  /* emit the codepoint as UTF-8. */
+  char utf8[3]; /* support \u0000 -- \uFFFF -- need only three bytes. */
+  int length = 0;
+  if (codepoint <= 0x7F) {
+    utf8[0] = codepoint;
+    length = 1;
+  } else if (codepoint <= 0x07FF) {
+    utf8[1] = (codepoint & 0x3F) | 0x80;
+    codepoint >>= 6;
+    utf8[0] = (codepoint & 0x1F) | 0xC0;
+    length = 2;
+  } else /* codepoint <= 0xFFFF */ {
+    utf8[2] = (codepoint & 0x3F) | 0x80;
+    codepoint >>= 6;
+    utf8[1] = (codepoint & 0x3F) | 0x80;
+    codepoint >>= 6;
+    utf8[0] = (codepoint & 0x0F) | 0xE0;
+    length = 3;
+  }
+  /* TODO(haberman): Handle high surrogates: if codepoint is a high surrogate
+   * we have to wait for the next escape to get the full code point). */
+
+  return multipart_text(p, utf8, length, false);
+}
+
+static void start_text(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_text(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  return capture_end(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool start_number(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (is_top_level(p)) {
+    if (is_number_wrapper_object(p)) {
+      start_wrapper_object(p);
+    } else if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+      start_value_object(p, VALUE_NUMBERVALUE);
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else if (does_number_wrapper_start(p)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_wrapper_object(p);
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_value_object(p, VALUE_NUMBERVALUE);
+  }
+
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool parse_number(upb_json_parser *p, bool is_quoted);
+
+static bool end_number_nontop(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->f == NULL) {
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return parse_number(p, false);
+}
+
+static bool end_number(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!end_number_nontop(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (does_number_wrapper_end(p)) {
+    end_wrapper_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    end_value_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* |buf| is NULL-terminated. |buf| itself will never include quotes;
+ * |is_quoted| tells us whether this text originally appeared inside quotes. */
+static bool parse_number_from_buffer(upb_json_parser *p, const char *buf,
+                                     bool is_quoted) {
+  size_t len = strlen(buf);
+  const char *bufend = buf + len;
+  char *end;
+  upb_fieldtype_t type = upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f);
+  double val;
+  double dummy;
+  double inf = UPB_INFINITY;
+
+  errno = 0;
+
+  if (len == 0 || buf[0] == ' ') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* For integer types, first try parsing with integer-specific routines.
+   * If these succeed, they will be more accurate for int64/uint64 than
+   * strtod().
+   */
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32: {
+      long val = strtol(buf, &end, 0);
+      if (errno == ERANGE || end != bufend) {
+        break;
+      } else if (val > INT32_MAX || val < INT32_MIN) {
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        upb_sink_putint32(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32: {
+      unsigned long val = strtoul(buf, &end, 0);
+      if (end != bufend) {
+        break;
+      } else if (val > UINT32_MAX || errno == ERANGE) {
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        upb_sink_putuint32(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    /* XXX: We can't handle [u]int64 properly on 32-bit machines because
+     * strto[u]ll isn't in C89. */
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64: {
+      long val = strtol(buf, &end, 0);
+      if (errno == ERANGE || end != bufend) {
+        break;
+      } else {
+        upb_sink_putint64(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64: {
+      unsigned long val = strtoul(p->accumulated, &end, 0);
+      if (end != bufend) {
+        break;
+      } else if (errno == ERANGE) {
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        upb_sink_putuint64(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (type != UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE && type != UPB_TYPE_FLOAT && is_quoted) {
+    /* Quoted numbers for integer types are not allowed to be in double form. */
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (len == strlen("Infinity") && strcmp(buf, "Infinity") == 0) {
+    /* C89 does not have an INFINITY macro. */
+    val = inf;
+  } else if (len == strlen("-Infinity") && strcmp(buf, "-Infinity") == 0) {
+    val = -inf;
+  } else {
+    val = strtod(buf, &end);
+    if (errno == ERANGE || end != bufend) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  switch (type) {
+#define CASE(capitaltype, smalltype, ctype, min, max)                     \
+    case UPB_TYPE_ ## capitaltype: {                                      \
+      if (modf(val, &dummy) != 0 || val > max || val < min) {             \
+        return false;                                                     \
+      } else {                                                            \
+        upb_sink_put ## smalltype(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p),        \
+                                  (ctype)val);                            \
+        return true;                                                      \
+      }                                                                   \
+      break;                                                              \
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+    CASE(INT32, int32, int32_t, INT32_MIN, INT32_MAX);
+    CASE(INT64, int64, int64_t, INT64_MIN, INT64_MAX);
+    CASE(UINT32, uint32, uint32_t, 0, UINT32_MAX);
+    CASE(UINT64, uint64, uint64_t, 0, UINT64_MAX);
+#undef CASE
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      upb_sink_putdouble(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
+      return true;
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      if ((val > FLT_MAX || val < -FLT_MAX) && val != inf && val != -inf) {
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        upb_sink_putfloat(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
+        return true;
+      }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool parse_number(upb_json_parser *p, bool is_quoted) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf;
+
+  /* strtol() and friends unfortunately do not support specifying the length of
+   * the input string, so we need to force a copy into a NULL-terminated buffer. */
+  if (!multipart_text(p, "\0", 1, false)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+
+  if (parse_number_from_buffer(p, buf, is_quoted)) {
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing number: %s", buf);
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool parser_putbool(upb_json_parser *p, bool val) {
+  bool ok;
+
+  if (p->top->f == NULL) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f) != UPB_TYPE_BOOL) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+                       "Boolean value specified for non-bool field: %s",
+                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  ok = upb_sink_putbool(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool end_bool(upb_json_parser *p, bool val) {
+  if (is_top_level(p)) {
+    if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE)) {
+      start_wrapper_object(p);
+    } else if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+      start_value_object(p, VALUE_BOOLVALUE);
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_wrapper_object(p);
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_value_object(p, VALUE_BOOLVALUE);
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->is_unknown_field) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!parser_putbool(p, val)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE)) {
+    end_wrapper_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    end_value_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool end_null(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  const char *zero_ptr = "0";
+
+  if (is_top_level(p)) {
+    if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+      start_value_object(p, VALUE_NULLVALUE);
+    } else {
+      return true;
+    }
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_value_object(p, VALUE_NULLVALUE);
+  } else {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /* Fill null_value field. */
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+  capture_begin(p, zero_ptr);
+  capture_end(p, zero_ptr + 1);
+  parse_number(p, false);
+
+  end_value_object(p);
+  if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+    end_subobject(p);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool start_any_stringval(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool start_stringval(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  if (is_top_level(p)) {
+    if (is_string_wrapper_object(p) ||
+        is_number_wrapper_object(p)) {
+      start_wrapper_object(p);
+    } else if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK)) {
+      start_fieldmask_object(p);
+      return true;
+    } else if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP) ||
+               is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION)) {
+      start_object(p);
+    } else if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+      start_value_object(p, VALUE_STRINGVALUE);
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else if (does_string_wrapper_start(p) ||
+             does_number_wrapper_start(p)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_wrapper_object(p);
+  } else if (does_fieldmask_start(p)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_fieldmask_object(p);
+    return true;
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP) ||
+             is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_object(p);
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_value_object(p, VALUE_STRINGVALUE);
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->f == NULL) {
+    multipart_startaccum(p);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->is_any) {
+    return start_any_stringval(p);
+  }
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_isstring(p->top->f)) {
+    upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+    upb_selector_t sel;
+
+    if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+
+    /* Start a new parser frame: parser frames correspond one-to-one with
+     * handler frames, and string events occur in a sub-frame. */
+    inner = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+    sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
+    upb_sink_startstr(p->top->sink, sel, 0, &inner->sink);
+    inner->m = p->top->m;
+    inner->f = p->top->f;
+    p->top = inner;
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f) == UPB_TYPE_STRING) {
+      /* For STRING fields we push data directly to the handlers as it is
+       * parsed.  We don't do this yet for BYTES fields, because our base64
+       * decoder is not streaming.
+       *
+       * TODO(haberman): make base64 decoding streaming also. */
+      multipart_start(p, getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING));
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      multipart_startaccum(p);
+      return true;
+    }
+  } else if (upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f) != UPB_TYPE_BOOL &&
+             upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f) != UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    /* No need to push a frame -- numeric values in quotes remain in the
+     * current parser frame.  These values must accmulate so we can convert
+     * them all at once at the end. */
+    multipart_startaccum(p);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+                       "String specified for bool or submessage field: %s",
+                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool end_any_stringval(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+
+  /* Set type_url */
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+  if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+  inner = p->top + 1;
+
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
+  upb_sink_startstr(p->top->sink, sel, 0, &inner->sink);
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING);
+  upb_sink_putstring(inner->sink, sel, buf, len, NULL);
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
+  upb_sink_endstr(inner->sink, sel);
+
+  multipart_end(p);
+
+  /* Resolve type url */
+  if (strncmp(buf, "type.googleapis.com/", 20) == 0 && len > 20) {
+    const upb_msgdef *payload_type = NULL;
+    buf += 20;
+    len -= 20;
+
+    payload_type = upb_symtab_lookupmsg2(p->symtab, buf, len);
+    if (payload_type == NULL) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(
+          p->status, "Cannot find packed type: %.*s\n", (int)len, buf);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    json_parser_any_frame_set_payload_type(p, p->top->any_frame, payload_type);
+
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    upb_status_seterrf(
+        p->status, "Invalid type url: %.*s\n", (int)len, buf);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool end_stringval_nontop(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  bool ok = true;
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP) ||
+      is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION)) {
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->f == NULL) {
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->is_any) {
+    return end_any_stringval(p);
+  }
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      if (!base64_push(p, getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING),
+                       p->accumulated, p->accumulated_len)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      /* Fall through. */
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING: {
+      upb_selector_t sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
+      upb_sink_endstr(p->top->sink, sel);
+      p->top--;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      /* Resolve enum symbolic name to integer value. */
+      const upb_enumdef *enumdef = upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(p->top->f);
+
+      size_t len;
+      const char *buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+
+      int32_t int_val = 0;
+      ok = upb_enumdef_ntoi(enumdef, buf, len, &int_val);
+
+      if (ok) {
+        upb_selector_t sel = parser_getsel(p);
+        upb_sink_putint32(p->top->sink, sel, int_val);
+      } else {
+        upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "Enum value unknown: '%.*s'", len, buf);
+      }
+
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      ok = parse_number(p, true);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      UPB_ASSERT(false);
+      upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "Internal error in JSON decoder");
+      ok = false;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  multipart_end(p);
+
+  return ok;
+}
+
+static bool end_stringval(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  /* FieldMask's stringvals have been ended when handling them. Only need to
+   * close FieldMask here.*/
+  if (does_fieldmask_end(p)) {
+    end_fieldmask_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!end_stringval_nontop(p)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (does_string_wrapper_end(p) ||
+      does_number_wrapper_end(p)) {
+    end_wrapper_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    end_value_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP) ||
+      is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION) ||
+      is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK)) {
+    end_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_duration_base(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_duration_base(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf;
+  char seconds_buf[14];
+  char nanos_buf[12];
+  char *end;
+  int64_t seconds = 0;
+  int32_t nanos = 0;
+  double val = 0.0;
+  const char *seconds_membername = "seconds";
+  const char *nanos_membername = "nanos";
+  size_t fraction_start;
+
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+
+  memset(seconds_buf, 0, 14);
+  memset(nanos_buf, 0, 12);
+
+  /* Find out base end. The maximus duration is 315576000000, which cannot be
+   * represented by double without losing precision. Thus, we need to handle
+   * fraction and base separately. */
+  for (fraction_start = 0; fraction_start < len && buf[fraction_start] != '.';
+       fraction_start++);
+
+  /* Parse base */
+  memcpy(seconds_buf, buf, fraction_start);
+  seconds = strtol(seconds_buf, &end, 10);
+  if (errno == ERANGE || end != seconds_buf + fraction_start) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing duration: %s",
+                       seconds_buf);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (seconds > 315576000000) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing duration: "
+                                   "maximum acceptable value is "
+                                   "315576000000");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (seconds < -315576000000) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing duration: "
+                                   "minimum acceptable value is "
+                                   "-315576000000");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* Parse fraction */
+  nanos_buf[0] = '0';
+  memcpy(nanos_buf + 1, buf + fraction_start, len - fraction_start);
+  val = strtod(nanos_buf, &end);
+  if (errno == ERANGE || end != nanos_buf + len - fraction_start + 1) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing duration: %s",
+                       nanos_buf);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  nanos = val * 1000000000;
+  if (seconds < 0) nanos = -nanos;
+
+  /* Clean up buffer */
+  multipart_end(p);
+
+  /* Set seconds */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, seconds_membername);
+  capture_end(p, seconds_membername + 7);
+  end_membername(p);
+  upb_sink_putint64(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), seconds);
+  end_member(p);
+
+  /* Set nanos */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, nanos_membername);
+  capture_end(p, nanos_membername + 5);
+  end_membername(p);
+  upb_sink_putint32(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), nanos);
+  end_member(p);
+
+  /* Continue previous arena */
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static int parse_timestamp_number(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf;
+  int val;
+
+  /* atoi() and friends unfortunately do not support specifying the length of
+   * the input string, so we need to force a copy into a NULL-terminated buffer. */
+  multipart_text(p, "\0", 1, false);
+
+  buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+  val = atoi(buf);
+  multipart_end(p);
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+
+  return val;
+}
+
+static void start_year(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_year(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  p->tm.tm_year = parse_timestamp_number(p) - 1900;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_month(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_month(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  p->tm.tm_mon = parse_timestamp_number(p) - 1;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_day(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_day(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  p->tm.tm_mday = parse_timestamp_number(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_hour(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_hour(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  p->tm.tm_hour = parse_timestamp_number(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_minute(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_minute(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  p->tm.tm_min = parse_timestamp_number(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_second(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_second(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  p->tm.tm_sec = parse_timestamp_number(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_timestamp_base(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  memset(&p->tm, 0, sizeof(struct tm));
+}
+
+static void start_timestamp_fraction(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_timestamp_fraction(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf;
+  char nanos_buf[12];
+  char *end;
+  double val = 0.0;
+  int32_t nanos;
+  const char *nanos_membername = "nanos";
+
+  memset(nanos_buf, 0, 12);
+
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+
+  if (len > 10) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+        "error parsing timestamp: at most 9-digit fraction.");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* Parse nanos */
+  nanos_buf[0] = '0';
+  memcpy(nanos_buf + 1, buf, len);
+  val = strtod(nanos_buf, &end);
+
+  if (errno == ERANGE || end != nanos_buf + len + 1) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing timestamp nanos: %s",
+                       nanos_buf);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  nanos = val * 1000000000;
+
+  /* Clean up previous environment */
+  multipart_end(p);
+
+  /* Set nanos */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, nanos_membername);
+  capture_end(p, nanos_membername + 5);
+  end_membername(p);
+  upb_sink_putint32(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), nanos);
+  end_member(p);
+
+  /* Continue previous environment */
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_timestamp_zone(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static int div_round_up2(int n, int d) {
+  return (n + d - 1) / d;
+}
+
+/* epoch_days(1970, 1, 1) == 1970-01-01 == 0. */
+static int epoch_days(int year, int month, int day) {
+  static const uint16_t month_yday[12] = {0,   31,  59,  90,  120, 151,
+                                          181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334};
+  int febs_since_0 = month > 2 ? year + 1 : year;
+  int leap_days_since_0 = div_round_up2(febs_since_0, 4) -
+                          div_round_up2(febs_since_0, 100) +
+                          div_round_up2(febs_since_0, 400);
+  int days_since_0 =
+      365 * year + month_yday[month - 1] + (day - 1) + leap_days_since_0;
+
+  /* Convert from 0-epoch (0001-01-01 BC) to Unix Epoch (1970-01-01 AD).
+   * Since the "BC" system does not have a year zero, 1 BC == year zero. */
+  return days_since_0 - 719528;
+}
+
+static int64_t upb_timegm(const struct tm *tp) {
+  int64_t ret = epoch_days(tp->tm_year + 1900, tp->tm_mon + 1, tp->tm_mday);
+  ret = (ret * 24) + tp->tm_hour;
+  ret = (ret * 60) + tp->tm_min;
+  ret = (ret * 60) + tp->tm_sec;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static bool end_timestamp_zone(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf;
+  int hours;
+  int64_t seconds;
+  const char *seconds_membername = "seconds";
+
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+
+  if (buf[0] != 'Z') {
+    if (sscanf(buf + 1, "%2d:00", &hours) != 1) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing timestamp offset");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (buf[0] == '+') {
+      hours = -hours;
+    }
+
+    p->tm.tm_hour += hours;
+  }
+
+  /* Normalize tm */
+  seconds = upb_timegm(&p->tm);
+
+  /* Check timestamp boundary */
+  if (seconds < -62135596800) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing timestamp: "
+                                   "minimum acceptable value is "
+                                   "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* Clean up previous environment */
+  multipart_end(p);
+
+  /* Set seconds */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, seconds_membername);
+  capture_end(p, seconds_membername + 7);
+  end_membername(p);
+  upb_sink_putint64(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), seconds);
+  end_member(p);
+
+  /* Continue previous environment */
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_fieldmask_path_text(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_fieldmask_path_text(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  return capture_end(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool start_fieldmask_path(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+
+  if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+
+  /* Start a new parser frame: parser frames correspond one-to-one with
+   * handler frames, and string events occur in a sub-frame. */
+  inner = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
+  upb_sink_startstr(p->top->sink, sel, 0, &inner->sink);
+  inner->m = p->top->m;
+  inner->f = p->top->f;
+  p->top = inner;
+
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool lower_camel_push(
+    upb_json_parser *p, upb_selector_t sel, const char *ptr, size_t len) {
+  const char *limit = ptr + len;
+  bool first = true;
+  for (;ptr < limit; ptr++) {
+    if (*ptr >= 'A' && *ptr <= 'Z' && !first) {
+      char lower = tolower(*ptr);
+      upb_sink_putstring(p->top->sink, sel, "_", 1, NULL);
+      upb_sink_putstring(p->top->sink, sel, &lower, 1, NULL);
+    } else {
+      upb_sink_putstring(p->top->sink, sel, ptr, 1, NULL);
+    }
+    first = false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool end_fieldmask_path(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+
+  if (!lower_camel_push(
+           p, getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING),
+           p->accumulated, p->accumulated_len)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
+  upb_sink_endstr(p->top->sink, sel);
+  p->top--;
+
+  multipart_end(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_member(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!p->top->f);
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+}
+
+/* Helper: invoked during parse_mapentry() to emit the mapentry message's key
+ * field based on the current contents of the accumulate buffer. */
+static bool parse_mapentry_key(upb_json_parser *p) {
+
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+
+  /* Emit the key field. We do a bit of ad-hoc parsing here because the
+   * parser state machine has already decided that this is a string field
+   * name, and we are reinterpreting it as some arbitrary key type. In
+   * particular, integer and bool keys are quoted, so we need to parse the
+   * quoted string contents here. */
+
+  p->top->f = upb_msgdef_itof(p->top->m, UPB_MAPENTRY_KEY);
+  if (p->top->f == NULL) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "mapentry message has no key");
+    return false;
+  }
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      /* Invoke end_number. The accum buffer has the number's text already. */
+      if (!parse_number(p, true)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      if (len == 4 && !strncmp(buf, "true", 4)) {
+        if (!parser_putbool(p, true)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      } else if (len == 5 && !strncmp(buf, "false", 5)) {
+        if (!parser_putbool(p, false)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      } else {
+        upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status,
+                             "Map bool key not 'true' or 'false'");
+        return false;
+      }
+      multipart_end(p);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      upb_sink subsink;
+      upb_selector_t sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
+      upb_sink_startstr(p->top->sink, sel, len, &subsink);
+      sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING);
+      upb_sink_putstring(subsink, sel, buf, len, NULL);
+      sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
+      upb_sink_endstr(subsink, sel);
+      multipart_end(p);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "Invalid field type for map key");
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Helper: emit one map entry (as a submessage in the map field sequence). This
+ * is invoked from end_membername(), at the end of the map entry's key string,
+ * with the map key in the accumulate buffer. It parses the key from that
+ * buffer, emits the handler calls to start the mapentry submessage (setting up
+ * its subframe in the process), and sets up state in the subframe so that the
+ * value parser (invoked next) will emit the mapentry's value field and then
+ * end the mapentry message. */
+
+static bool handle_mapentry(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  const upb_fielddef *mapfield;
+  const upb_msgdef *mapentrymsg;
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+
+  /* Map entry: p->top->sink is the seq frame, so we need to start a frame
+   * for the mapentry itself, and then set |f| in that frame so that the map
+   * value field is parsed, and also set a flag to end the frame after the
+   * map-entry value is parsed. */
+  if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+
+  mapfield = p->top->mapfield;
+  mapentrymsg = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(mapfield);
+
+  inner = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+  p->top->f = mapfield;
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG);
+  upb_sink_startsubmsg(p->top->sink, sel, &inner->sink);
+  inner->m = mapentrymsg;
+  inner->mapfield = mapfield;
+
+  /* Don't set this to true *yet* -- we reuse parsing handlers below to push
+   * the key field value to the sink, and these handlers will pop the frame
+   * if they see is_mapentry (when invoked by the parser state machine, they
+   * would have just seen the map-entry value, not key). */
+  inner->is_mapentry = false;
+  p->top = inner;
+
+  /* send STARTMSG in submsg frame. */
+  upb_sink_startmsg(p->top->sink);
+
+  parse_mapentry_key(p);
+
+  /* Set up the value field to receive the map-entry value. */
+  p->top->f = upb_msgdef_itof(p->top->m, UPB_MAPENTRY_VALUE);
+  p->top->is_mapentry = true;  /* set up to pop frame after value is parsed. */
+  p->top->mapfield = mapfield;
+  if (p->top->f == NULL) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "mapentry message has no value");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool end_membername(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!p->top->f);
+
+  if (!p->top->m) {
+    p->top->is_unknown_field = true;
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->is_any) {
+    return end_any_membername(p);
+  } else if (p->top->is_map) {
+    return handle_mapentry(p);
+  } else {
+    size_t len;
+    const char *buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+    upb_value v;
+
+    if (upb_strtable_lookup2(p->top->name_table, buf, len, &v)) {
+      p->top->f = upb_value_getconstptr(v);
+      multipart_end(p);
+
+      return true;
+    } else if (p->ignore_json_unknown) {
+      p->top->is_unknown_field = true;
+      multipart_end(p);
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "No such field: %.*s\n", (int)len, buf);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static bool end_any_membername(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+  upb_value v;
+
+  if (len == 5 && strncmp(buf, "@type", len) == 0) {
+    upb_strtable_lookup2(p->top->name_table, "type_url", 8, &v);
+    p->top->f = upb_value_getconstptr(v);
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    p->top->is_unknown_field = true;
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+static void end_member(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  /* If we just parsed a map-entry value, end that frame too. */
+  if (p->top->is_mapentry) {
+    upb_selector_t sel;
+    bool ok;
+    const upb_fielddef *mapfield;
+
+    UPB_ASSERT(p->top > p->stack);
+    /* send ENDMSG on submsg. */
+    upb_sink_endmsg(p->top->sink, p->status);
+    mapfield = p->top->mapfield;
+
+    /* send ENDSUBMSG in repeated-field-of-mapentries frame. */
+    p->top--;
+    ok = upb_handlers_getselector(mapfield, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG, &sel);
+    UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+    upb_sink_endsubmsg(p->top->sink, (p->top + 1)->sink, sel);
+  }
+
+  p->top->f = NULL;
+  p->top->is_unknown_field = false;
+}
+
+static void start_any_member(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  start_member(p);
+  json_parser_any_frame_set_after_type_url_start_once(p->top->any_frame, ptr);
+}
+
+static void end_any_member(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  json_parser_any_frame_set_before_type_url_end(p->top->any_frame, ptr);
+  end_member(p);
+}
+
+static bool start_subobject(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  if (p->top->is_unknown_field) {
+    if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+
+    p->top = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_ismap(p->top->f)) {
+    upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+    upb_selector_t sel;
+
+    /* Beginning of a map. Start a new parser frame in a repeated-field
+     * context. */
+    if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+
+    inner = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+    sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ);
+    upb_sink_startseq(p->top->sink, sel, &inner->sink);
+    inner->m = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(p->top->f);
+    inner->mapfield = p->top->f;
+    inner->is_map = true;
+    p->top = inner;
+
+    return true;
+  } else if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(p->top->f)) {
+    upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+    upb_selector_t sel;
+
+    /* Beginning of a subobject. Start a new parser frame in the submsg
+     * context. */
+    if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+
+    inner = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+    sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG);
+    upb_sink_startsubmsg(p->top->sink, sel, &inner->sink);
+    inner->m = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(p->top->f);
+    set_name_table(p, inner);
+    p->top = inner;
+
+    if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY)) {
+      p->top->is_any = true;
+      p->top->any_frame = json_parser_any_frame_new(p);
+    } else {
+      p->top->is_any = false;
+      p->top->any_frame = NULL;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+                       "Object specified for non-message/group field: %s",
+                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool start_subobject_full(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  if (is_top_level(p)) {
+    if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+      start_value_object(p, VALUE_STRUCTVALUE);
+      if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+      start_structvalue_object(p);
+    } else if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRUCT)) {
+      start_structvalue_object(p);
+    } else {
+      return true;
+    }
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRUCT)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+    start_structvalue_object(p);
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+    start_value_object(p, VALUE_STRUCTVALUE);
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+    start_structvalue_object(p);
+  }
+
+  return start_subobject(p);
+}
+
+static void end_subobject(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  if (is_top_level(p)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->is_map) {
+    upb_selector_t sel;
+    p->top--;
+    sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);
+    upb_sink_endseq(p->top->sink, sel);
+  } else {
+    upb_selector_t sel;
+    bool is_unknown = p->top->m == NULL;
+    p->top--;
+    if (!is_unknown) {
+      sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG);
+      upb_sink_endsubmsg(p->top->sink, (p->top + 1)->sink, sel);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void end_subobject_full(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  end_subobject(p);
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRUCT)) {
+    end_structvalue_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    end_value_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static bool start_array(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+
+  if (is_top_level(p)) {
+    if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+      start_value_object(p, VALUE_LISTVALUE);
+      if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+      start_listvalue_object(p);
+    } else if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE)) {
+      start_listvalue_object(p);
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE) &&
+             (!upb_fielddef_isseq(p->top->f) ||
+              p->top->is_repeated)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+    start_listvalue_object(p);
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE) &&
+             (!upb_fielddef_isseq(p->top->f) ||
+              p->top->is_repeated)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+    start_value_object(p, VALUE_LISTVALUE);
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+    start_listvalue_object(p);
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->is_unknown_field) {
+    inner = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+    inner->is_unknown_field = true;
+    p->top = inner;
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!upb_fielddef_isseq(p->top->f)) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+                       "Array specified for non-repeated field: %s",
+                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+
+  inner = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ);
+  upb_sink_startseq(p->top->sink, sel, &inner->sink);
+  inner->m = p->top->m;
+  inner->f = p->top->f;
+  inner->is_repeated = true;
+  p->top = inner;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void end_array(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->top > p->stack);
+
+  p->top--;
+
+  if (p->top->is_unknown_field) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);
+  upb_sink_endseq(p->top->sink, sel);
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE)) {
+    end_listvalue_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    end_value_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void start_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  if (!p->top->is_map && p->top->m != NULL) {
+    upb_sink_startmsg(p->top->sink);
+  }
+}
+
+static void end_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  if (!p->top->is_map && p->top->m != NULL) {
+    upb_sink_endmsg(p->top->sink, p->status);
+  }
+}
+
+static void start_any_object(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  start_object(p);
+  p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start = ptr;
+  p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_end = ptr;
+}
+
+static bool end_any_object(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  const char *value_membername = "value";
+  bool is_well_known_packed = false;
+  const char *packed_end = ptr + 1;
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+
+  if (json_parser_any_frame_has_value(p->top->any_frame) &&
+      !json_parser_any_frame_has_type_url(p->top->any_frame)) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "No valid type url");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* Well known types data is represented as value field. */
+  if (upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(p->top->any_frame->parser->top->m) !=
+          UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED) {
+    is_well_known_packed = true;
+
+    if (json_parser_any_frame_has_value_before_type_url(p->top->any_frame)) {
+      p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start =
+          memchr(p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start, ':',
+                 p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_end -
+                 p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start);
+      if (p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start == NULL) {
+        upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "invalid data for well known type.");
+        return false;
+      }
+      p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start++;
+    }
+
+    if (json_parser_any_frame_has_value_after_type_url(p->top->any_frame)) {
+      p->top->any_frame->after_type_url_start =
+          memchr(p->top->any_frame->after_type_url_start, ':',
+                 (ptr + 1) -
+                 p->top->any_frame->after_type_url_start);
+      if (p->top->any_frame->after_type_url_start == NULL) {
+        upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "Invalid data for well known type.");
+        return false;
+      }
+      p->top->any_frame->after_type_url_start++;
+      packed_end = ptr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (json_parser_any_frame_has_value_before_type_url(p->top->any_frame)) {
+    if (!parse(p->top->any_frame->parser, NULL,
+               p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start,
+               p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_end -
+               p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start, NULL)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (!is_well_known_packed) {
+      if (!parse(p->top->any_frame->parser, NULL, "{", 1, NULL)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (json_parser_any_frame_has_value_before_type_url(p->top->any_frame) &&
+      json_parser_any_frame_has_value_after_type_url(p->top->any_frame)) {
+    if (!parse(p->top->any_frame->parser, NULL, ",", 1, NULL)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (json_parser_any_frame_has_value_after_type_url(p->top->any_frame)) {
+    if (!parse(p->top->any_frame->parser, NULL,
+               p->top->any_frame->after_type_url_start,
+               packed_end - p->top->any_frame->after_type_url_start, NULL)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (!is_well_known_packed) {
+      if (!parse(p->top->any_frame->parser, NULL, "}", 1, NULL)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!end(p->top->any_frame->parser, NULL)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  p->top->is_any = false;
+
+  /* Set value */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, value_membername);
+  capture_end(p, value_membername + 5);
+  end_membername(p);
+
+  if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+  inner = p->top + 1;
+
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
+  upb_sink_startstr(p->top->sink, sel, 0, &inner->sink);
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING);
+  upb_sink_putstring(inner->sink, sel, p->top->any_frame->stringsink.ptr,
+                     p->top->any_frame->stringsink.len, NULL);
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
+  upb_sink_endstr(inner->sink, sel);
+
+  end_member(p);
+
+  end_object(p);
+
+  /* Deallocate any parse frame. */
+  json_parser_any_frame_free(p->top->any_frame);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool is_string_wrapper(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  upb_wellknowntype_t type = upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(m);
+  return type == UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRINGVALUE ||
+         type == UPB_WELLKNOWN_BYTESVALUE;
+}
+
+static bool is_fieldmask(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  upb_wellknowntype_t type = upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(m);
+  return type == UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK;
+}
+
+static void start_fieldmask_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  const char *membername = "paths";
+
+  start_object(p);
+
+  /* Set up context for parsing value */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, membername);
+  capture_end(p, membername + 5);
+  end_membername(p);
+
+  start_array(p);
+}
+
+static void end_fieldmask_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  end_array(p);
+  end_member(p);
+  end_object(p);
+}
+
+static void start_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  const char *membername = "value";
+
+  start_object(p);
+
+  /* Set up context for parsing value */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, membername);
+  capture_end(p, membername + 5);
+  end_membername(p);
+}
+
+static void end_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  end_member(p);
+  end_object(p);
+}
+
+static void start_value_object(upb_json_parser *p, int value_type) {
+  const char *nullmember = "null_value";
+  const char *numbermember = "number_value";
+  const char *stringmember = "string_value";
+  const char *boolmember = "bool_value";
+  const char *structmember = "struct_value";
+  const char *listmember = "list_value";
+  const char *membername = "";
+
+  switch (value_type) {
+    case VALUE_NULLVALUE:
+      membername = nullmember;
+      break;
+    case VALUE_NUMBERVALUE:
+      membername = numbermember;
+      break;
+    case VALUE_STRINGVALUE:
+      membername = stringmember;
+      break;
+    case VALUE_BOOLVALUE:
+      membername = boolmember;
+      break;
+    case VALUE_STRUCTVALUE:
+      membername = structmember;
+      break;
+    case VALUE_LISTVALUE:
+      membername = listmember;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  start_object(p);
+
+  /* Set up context for parsing value */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, membername);
+  capture_end(p, membername + strlen(membername));
+  end_membername(p);
+}
+
+static void end_value_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  end_member(p);
+  end_object(p);
+}
+
+static void start_listvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  const char *membername = "values";
+
+  start_object(p);
+
+  /* Set up context for parsing value */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, membername);
+  capture_end(p, membername + strlen(membername));
+  end_membername(p);
+}
+
+static void end_listvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  end_member(p);
+  end_object(p);
+}
+
+static void start_structvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  const char *membername = "fields";
+
+  start_object(p);
+
+  /* Set up context for parsing value */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, membername);
+  capture_end(p, membername + strlen(membername));
+  end_membername(p);
+}
+
+static void end_structvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  end_member(p);
+  end_object(p);
+}
+
+static bool is_top_level(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top == p->stack && p->top->f == NULL && !p->top->is_unknown_field;
+}
+
+static bool is_wellknown_msg(upb_json_parser *p, upb_wellknowntype_t type) {
+  return p->top->m != NULL && upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(p->top->m) == type;
+}
+
+static bool is_wellknown_field(upb_json_parser *p, upb_wellknowntype_t type) {
+  return p->top->f != NULL &&
+         upb_fielddef_issubmsg(p->top->f) &&
+         (upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(p->top->f))
+              == type);
+}
+
+static bool does_number_wrapper_start(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->f != NULL &&
+         upb_fielddef_issubmsg(p->top->f) &&
+         upb_msgdef_isnumberwrapper(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(p->top->f));
+}
+
+static bool does_number_wrapper_end(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->m != NULL && upb_msgdef_isnumberwrapper(p->top->m);
+}
+
+static bool is_number_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->m != NULL && upb_msgdef_isnumberwrapper(p->top->m);
+}
+
+static bool does_string_wrapper_start(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->f != NULL &&
+         upb_fielddef_issubmsg(p->top->f) &&
+         is_string_wrapper(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(p->top->f));
+}
+
+static bool does_string_wrapper_end(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->m != NULL && is_string_wrapper(p->top->m);
+}
+
+static bool is_string_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->m != NULL && is_string_wrapper(p->top->m);
+}
+
+static bool does_fieldmask_start(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->f != NULL &&
+         upb_fielddef_issubmsg(p->top->f) &&
+         is_fieldmask(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(p->top->f));
+}
+
+static bool does_fieldmask_end(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->m != NULL && is_fieldmask(p->top->m);
+}
+
+#define CHECK_RETURN_TOP(x) if (!(x)) goto error
+
+
+/* The actual parser **********************************************************/
+
+/* What follows is the Ragel parser itself.  The language is specified in Ragel
+ * and the actions call our C functions above.
+ *
+ * Ragel has an extensive set of functionality, and we use only a small part of
+ * it.  There are many action types but we only use a few:
+ *
+ *   ">" -- transition into a machine
+ *   "%" -- transition out of a machine
+ *   "@" -- transition into a final state of a machine.
+ *
+ * "@" transitions are tricky because a machine can transition into a final
+ * state repeatedly.  But in some cases we know this can't happen, for example
+ * a string which is delimited by a final '"' can only transition into its
+ * final state once, when the closing '"' is seen. */
+
+
+// #line 2780 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+
+
+
+// #line 2583 "upb/json/parser.c"
+static const char _json_actions[] = {
+	0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 
+	4, 1, 6, 1, 7, 1, 8, 1, 
+	9, 1, 11, 1, 12, 1, 13, 1, 
+	14, 1, 15, 1, 16, 1, 17, 1, 
+	18, 1, 19, 1, 20, 1, 22, 1, 
+	23, 1, 24, 1, 35, 1, 37, 1, 
+	39, 1, 40, 1, 42, 1, 43, 1, 
+	44, 1, 46, 1, 48, 1, 49, 1, 
+	50, 1, 51, 1, 53, 1, 54, 2, 
+	4, 9, 2, 5, 6, 2, 7, 3, 
+	2, 7, 9, 2, 21, 26, 2, 25, 
+	10, 2, 27, 28, 2, 29, 30, 2, 
+	32, 34, 2, 33, 31, 2, 38, 36, 
+	2, 40, 42, 2, 45, 2, 2, 46, 
+	54, 2, 47, 36, 2, 49, 54, 2, 
+	50, 54, 2, 51, 54, 2, 52, 41, 
+	2, 53, 54, 3, 32, 34, 35, 4, 
+	21, 26, 27, 28
+};
+
+static const short _json_key_offsets[] = {
+	0, 0, 12, 13, 18, 23, 28, 29, 
+	30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 
+	38, 43, 44, 48, 53, 58, 63, 67, 
+	71, 74, 77, 79, 83, 87, 89, 91, 
+	96, 98, 100, 109, 115, 121, 127, 133, 
+	135, 139, 142, 144, 146, 149, 150, 154, 
+	156, 158, 160, 162, 163, 165, 167, 168, 
+	170, 172, 173, 175, 177, 178, 180, 182, 
+	183, 185, 187, 191, 193, 195, 196, 197, 
+	198, 199, 201, 206, 208, 210, 212, 221, 
+	222, 222, 222, 227, 232, 237, 238, 239, 
+	240, 241, 241, 242, 243, 244, 244, 245, 
+	246, 247, 247, 252, 253, 257, 262, 267, 
+	272, 276, 276, 279, 282, 285, 288, 291, 
+	294, 294, 294, 294, 294, 294
+};
+
+static const char _json_trans_keys[] = {
+	32, 34, 45, 91, 102, 110, 116, 123, 
+	9, 13, 48, 57, 34, 32, 93, 125, 
+	9, 13, 32, 44, 93, 9, 13, 32, 
+	93, 125, 9, 13, 97, 108, 115, 101, 
+	117, 108, 108, 114, 117, 101, 32, 34, 
+	125, 9, 13, 34, 32, 58, 9, 13, 
+	32, 93, 125, 9, 13, 32, 44, 125, 
+	9, 13, 32, 44, 125, 9, 13, 32, 
+	34, 9, 13, 45, 48, 49, 57, 48, 
+	49, 57, 46, 69, 101, 48, 57, 69, 
+	101, 48, 57, 43, 45, 48, 57, 48, 
+	57, 48, 57, 46, 69, 101, 48, 57, 
+	34, 92, 34, 92, 34, 47, 92, 98, 
+	102, 110, 114, 116, 117, 48, 57, 65, 
+	70, 97, 102, 48, 57, 65, 70, 97, 
+	102, 48, 57, 65, 70, 97, 102, 48, 
+	57, 65, 70, 97, 102, 34, 92, 45, 
+	48, 49, 57, 48, 49, 57, 46, 115, 
+	48, 57, 115, 48, 57, 34, 46, 115, 
+	48, 57, 48, 57, 48, 57, 48, 57, 
+	48, 57, 45, 48, 57, 48, 57, 45, 
+	48, 57, 48, 57, 84, 48, 57, 48, 
+	57, 58, 48, 57, 48, 57, 58, 48, 
+	57, 48, 57, 43, 45, 46, 90, 48, 
+	57, 48, 57, 58, 48, 48, 34, 48, 
+	57, 43, 45, 90, 48, 57, 34, 44, 
+	34, 44, 34, 44, 34, 45, 91, 102, 
+	110, 116, 123, 48, 57, 34, 32, 93, 
+	125, 9, 13, 32, 44, 93, 9, 13, 
+	32, 93, 125, 9, 13, 97, 108, 115, 
+	101, 117, 108, 108, 114, 117, 101, 32, 
+	34, 125, 9, 13, 34, 32, 58, 9, 
+	13, 32, 93, 125, 9, 13, 32, 44, 
+	125, 9, 13, 32, 44, 125, 9, 13, 
+	32, 34, 9, 13, 32, 9, 13, 32, 
+	9, 13, 32, 9, 13, 32, 9, 13, 
+	32, 9, 13, 32, 9, 13, 0
+};
+
+static const char _json_single_lengths[] = {
+	0, 8, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 
+	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
+	3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 
+	1, 3, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 3, 
+	2, 2, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 
+	2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 
+	0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 
+	0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 
+	1, 0, 3, 2, 2, 2, 7, 1, 
+	0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 
+	1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 
+	1, 0, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 
+	2, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+};
+
+static const char _json_range_lengths[] = {
+	0, 2, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
+	1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
+	0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 
+	1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 
+	1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 
+	1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 
+	1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 
+	0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
+	1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+};
+
+static const short _json_index_offsets[] = {
+	0, 0, 11, 13, 18, 23, 28, 30, 
+	32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 
+	48, 53, 55, 59, 64, 69, 74, 78, 
+	82, 85, 89, 91, 95, 99, 101, 103, 
+	108, 111, 114, 124, 128, 132, 136, 140, 
+	143, 147, 150, 153, 155, 158, 160, 164, 
+	166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 
+	182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 
+	198, 200, 202, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 
+	217, 219, 221, 226, 229, 232, 235, 244, 
+	246, 247, 248, 253, 258, 263, 265, 267, 
+	269, 271, 272, 274, 276, 278, 279, 281, 
+	283, 285, 286, 291, 293, 297, 302, 307, 
+	312, 316, 317, 320, 323, 326, 329, 332, 
+	335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340
+};
+
+static const unsigned char _json_indicies[] = {
+	0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 
+	0, 3, 1, 9, 1, 11, 12, 1, 
+	11, 10, 13, 14, 12, 13, 1, 14, 
+	1, 1, 14, 10, 15, 1, 16, 1, 
+	17, 1, 18, 1, 19, 1, 20, 1, 
+	21, 1, 22, 1, 23, 1, 24, 1, 
+	25, 26, 27, 25, 1, 28, 1, 29, 
+	30, 29, 1, 30, 1, 1, 30, 31, 
+	32, 33, 34, 32, 1, 35, 36, 27, 
+	35, 1, 36, 26, 36, 1, 37, 38, 
+	39, 1, 38, 39, 1, 41, 42, 42, 
+	40, 43, 1, 42, 42, 43, 40, 44, 
+	44, 45, 1, 45, 1, 45, 40, 41, 
+	42, 42, 39, 40, 47, 48, 46, 50, 
+	51, 49, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 
+	52, 52, 53, 1, 54, 54, 54, 1, 
+	55, 55, 55, 1, 56, 56, 56, 1, 
+	57, 57, 57, 1, 59, 60, 58, 61, 
+	62, 63, 1, 64, 65, 1, 66, 67, 
+	1, 68, 1, 67, 68, 1, 69, 1, 
+	66, 67, 65, 1, 70, 1, 71, 1, 
+	72, 1, 73, 1, 74, 1, 75, 1, 
+	76, 1, 77, 1, 78, 1, 79, 1, 
+	80, 1, 81, 1, 82, 1, 83, 1, 
+	84, 1, 85, 1, 86, 1, 87, 1, 
+	88, 1, 89, 89, 90, 91, 1, 92, 
+	1, 93, 1, 94, 1, 95, 1, 96, 
+	1, 97, 1, 98, 1, 99, 99, 100, 
+	98, 1, 102, 1, 101, 104, 105, 103, 
+	1, 1, 101, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 
+	111, 112, 107, 1, 113, 1, 114, 115, 
+	117, 118, 1, 117, 116, 119, 120, 118, 
+	119, 1, 120, 1, 1, 120, 116, 121, 
+	1, 122, 1, 123, 1, 124, 1, 125, 
+	126, 1, 127, 1, 128, 1, 129, 130, 
+	1, 131, 1, 132, 1, 133, 134, 135, 
+	136, 134, 1, 137, 1, 138, 139, 138, 
+	1, 139, 1, 1, 139, 140, 141, 142, 
+	143, 141, 1, 144, 145, 136, 144, 1, 
+	145, 135, 145, 1, 146, 147, 147, 1, 
+	148, 148, 1, 149, 149, 1, 150, 150, 
+	1, 151, 151, 1, 152, 152, 1, 1, 
+	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0
+};
+
+static const char _json_trans_targs[] = {
+	1, 0, 2, 107, 3, 6, 10, 13, 
+	16, 106, 4, 3, 106, 4, 5, 7, 
+	8, 9, 108, 11, 12, 109, 14, 15, 
+	110, 16, 17, 111, 18, 18, 19, 20, 
+	21, 22, 111, 21, 22, 24, 25, 31, 
+	112, 26, 28, 27, 29, 30, 33, 113, 
+	34, 33, 113, 34, 32, 35, 36, 37, 
+	38, 39, 33, 113, 34, 41, 42, 46, 
+	42, 46, 43, 45, 44, 114, 48, 49, 
+	50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 
+	58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 
+	66, 67, 73, 72, 68, 69, 70, 71, 
+	72, 115, 74, 67, 72, 76, 116, 76, 
+	116, 77, 79, 81, 82, 85, 90, 94, 
+	98, 80, 117, 117, 83, 82, 80, 83, 
+	84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 117, 91, 92, 
+	93, 117, 95, 96, 97, 117, 98, 99, 
+	105, 100, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 
+	103, 104, 117, 106, 106, 106, 106, 106, 
+	106
+};
+
+static const unsigned char _json_trans_actions[] = {
+	0, 0, 113, 107, 53, 0, 0, 0, 
+	125, 59, 45, 0, 55, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 101, 51, 47, 0, 0, 45, 
+	49, 49, 104, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 15, 
+	0, 0, 71, 7, 13, 0, 74, 9, 
+	9, 9, 77, 80, 11, 37, 37, 37, 
+	0, 0, 0, 39, 0, 41, 86, 0, 
+	0, 0, 17, 19, 0, 21, 23, 0, 
+	25, 27, 0, 29, 31, 0, 33, 35, 
+	0, 135, 83, 135, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 92, 0, 89, 89, 98, 43, 0, 
+	131, 95, 113, 107, 53, 0, 0, 0, 
+	125, 59, 69, 110, 45, 0, 55, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 119, 0, 0, 
+	0, 122, 0, 0, 0, 116, 0, 101, 
+	51, 47, 0, 0, 45, 49, 49, 104, 
+	0, 0, 128, 0, 57, 63, 65, 61, 
+	67
+};
+
+static const unsigned char _json_eof_actions[] = {
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 57, 63, 65, 61, 67, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+};
+
+static const int json_start = 1;
+
+static const int json_en_number_machine = 23;
+static const int json_en_string_machine = 32;
+static const int json_en_duration_machine = 40;
+static const int json_en_timestamp_machine = 47;
+static const int json_en_fieldmask_machine = 75;
+static const int json_en_value_machine = 78;
+static const int json_en_main = 1;
+
+
+// #line 2783 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+
+size_t parse(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf, size_t size,
+             const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_parser *parser = closure;
+
+  /* Variables used by Ragel's generated code. */
+  int cs = parser->current_state;
+  int *stack = parser->parser_stack;
+  int top = parser->parser_top;
+
+  const char *p = buf;
+  const char *pe = buf + size;
+  const char *eof = &eof_ch;
+
+  parser->handle = handle;
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+
+  capture_resume(parser, buf);
+
+  
+// #line 2861 "upb/json/parser.c"
+	{
+	int _klen;
+	unsigned int _trans;
+	const char *_acts;
+	unsigned int _nacts;
+	const char *_keys;
+
+	if ( p == pe )
+		goto _test_eof;
+	if ( cs == 0 )
+		goto _out;
+_resume:
+	_keys = _json_trans_keys + _json_key_offsets[cs];
+	_trans = _json_index_offsets[cs];
+
+	_klen = _json_single_lengths[cs];
+	if ( _klen > 0 ) {
+		const char *_lower = _keys;
+		const char *_mid;
+		const char *_upper = _keys + _klen - 1;
+		while (1) {
+			if ( _upper < _lower )
+				break;
+
+			_mid = _lower + ((_upper-_lower) >> 1);
+			if ( (*p) < *_mid )
+				_upper = _mid - 1;
+			else if ( (*p) > *_mid )
+				_lower = _mid + 1;
+			else {
+				_trans += (unsigned int)(_mid - _keys);
+				goto _match;
+			}
+		}
+		_keys += _klen;
+		_trans += _klen;
+	}
+
+	_klen = _json_range_lengths[cs];
+	if ( _klen > 0 ) {
+		const char *_lower = _keys;
+		const char *_mid;
+		const char *_upper = _keys + (_klen<<1) - 2;
+		while (1) {
+			if ( _upper < _lower )
+				break;
+
+			_mid = _lower + (((_upper-_lower) >> 1) & ~1);
+			if ( (*p) < _mid[0] )
+				_upper = _mid - 2;
+			else if ( (*p) > _mid[1] )
+				_lower = _mid + 2;
+			else {
+				_trans += (unsigned int)((_mid - _keys)>>1);
+				goto _match;
+			}
+		}
+		_trans += _klen;
+	}
+
+_match:
+	_trans = _json_indicies[_trans];
+	cs = _json_trans_targs[_trans];
+
+	if ( _json_trans_actions[_trans] == 0 )
+		goto _again;
+
+	_acts = _json_actions + _json_trans_actions[_trans];
+	_nacts = (unsigned int) *_acts++;
+	while ( _nacts-- > 0 )
+	{
+		switch ( *_acts++ )
+		{
+	case 1:
+// #line 2588 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 2:
+// #line 2590 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 23;goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 3:
+// #line 2594 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_text(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 4:
+// #line 2595 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_text(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 5:
+// #line 2601 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_hex(parser); }
+	break;
+	case 6:
+// #line 2602 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ hexdigit(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 7:
+// #line 2603 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_hex(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 8:
+// #line 2609 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(escape(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 9:
+// #line 2615 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 10:
+// #line 2620 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_year(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 11:
+// #line 2621 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_year(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 12:
+// #line 2625 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_month(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 13:
+// #line 2626 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_month(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 14:
+// #line 2630 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_day(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 15:
+// #line 2631 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_day(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 16:
+// #line 2635 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_hour(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 17:
+// #line 2636 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_hour(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 18:
+// #line 2640 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_minute(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 19:
+// #line 2641 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_minute(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 20:
+// #line 2645 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_second(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 21:
+// #line 2646 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_second(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 22:
+// #line 2651 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_duration_base(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 23:
+// #line 2652 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_duration_base(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 24:
+// #line 2654 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 25:
+// #line 2659 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_timestamp_base(parser); }
+	break;
+	case 26:
+// #line 2661 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_timestamp_fraction(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 27:
+// #line 2662 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_timestamp_fraction(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 28:
+// #line 2664 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_timestamp_zone(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 29:
+// #line 2665 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_timestamp_zone(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 30:
+// #line 2667 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 31:
+// #line 2672 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_fieldmask_path_text(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 32:
+// #line 2673 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ end_fieldmask_path_text(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 33:
+// #line 2678 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_fieldmask_path(parser); }
+	break;
+	case 34:
+// #line 2679 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ end_fieldmask_path(parser); }
+	break;
+	case 35:
+// #line 2685 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 36:
+// #line 2690 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{
+        if (is_wellknown_msg(parser, UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP)) {
+          {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 47;goto _again;}
+        } else if (is_wellknown_msg(parser, UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION)) {
+          {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 40;goto _again;}
+        } else if (is_wellknown_msg(parser, UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK)) {
+          {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 75;goto _again;}
+        } else {
+          {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 32;goto _again;}
+        }
+      }
+	break;
+	case 37:
+// #line 2703 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 78;goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 38:
+// #line 2708 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{
+        if (is_wellknown_msg(parser, UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY)) {
+          start_any_member(parser, p);
+        } else {
+          start_member(parser);
+        }
+      }
+	break;
+	case 39:
+// #line 2715 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_membername(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 40:
+// #line 2718 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{
+        if (is_wellknown_msg(parser, UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY)) {
+          end_any_member(parser, p);
+        } else {
+          end_member(parser);
+        }
+      }
+	break;
+	case 41:
+// #line 2729 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{
+        if (is_wellknown_msg(parser, UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY)) {
+          start_any_object(parser, p);
+        } else {
+          start_object(parser);
+        }
+      }
+	break;
+	case 42:
+// #line 2738 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{
+        if (is_wellknown_msg(parser, UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY)) {
+          CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_any_object(parser, p));
+        } else {
+          end_object(parser);
+        }
+      }
+	break;
+	case 43:
+// #line 2750 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(start_array(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 44:
+// #line 2754 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ end_array(parser); }
+	break;
+	case 45:
+// #line 2759 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(start_number(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 46:
+// #line 2760 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_number(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 47:
+// #line 2762 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(start_stringval(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 48:
+// #line 2763 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_stringval(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 49:
+// #line 2765 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_bool(parser, true)); }
+	break;
+	case 50:
+// #line 2767 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_bool(parser, false)); }
+	break;
+	case 51:
+// #line 2769 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_null(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 52:
+// #line 2771 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(start_subobject_full(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 53:
+// #line 2772 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ end_subobject_full(parser); }
+	break;
+	case 54:
+// #line 2777 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
+	break;
+// #line 3185 "upb/json/parser.c"
+		}
+	}
+
+_again:
+	if ( cs == 0 )
+		goto _out;
+	if ( ++p != pe )
+		goto _resume;
+	_test_eof: {}
+	if ( p == eof )
+	{
+	const char *__acts = _json_actions + _json_eof_actions[cs];
+	unsigned int __nacts = (unsigned int) *__acts++;
+	while ( __nacts-- > 0 ) {
+		switch ( *__acts++ ) {
+	case 0:
+// #line 2586 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; 	if ( p == pe )
+		goto _test_eof;
+goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 46:
+// #line 2760 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_number(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 49:
+// #line 2765 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_bool(parser, true)); }
+	break;
+	case 50:
+// #line 2767 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_bool(parser, false)); }
+	break;
+	case 51:
+// #line 2769 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_null(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 53:
+// #line 2772 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ end_subobject_full(parser); }
+	break;
+// #line 3227 "upb/json/parser.c"
+		}
+	}
+	}
+
+	_out: {}
+	}
+
+// #line 2805 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+
+  if (p != pe) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(parser->status, "Parse error at '%.*s'\n", pe - p, p);
+  } else {
+    capture_suspend(parser, &p);
+  }
+
+error:
+  /* Save parsing state back to parser. */
+  parser->current_state = cs;
+  parser->parser_top = top;
+
+  return p - buf;
+}
+
+static bool end(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  upb_json_parser *parser = closure;
+
+  /* Prevent compile warning on unused static constants. */
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_start);
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_en_duration_machine);
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_en_fieldmask_machine);
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_en_number_machine);
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_en_string_machine);
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_en_timestamp_machine);
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_en_value_machine);
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_en_main);
+
+  parse(parser, hd, &eof_ch, 0, NULL);
+
+  return parser->current_state >= 106;
+}
+
+static void json_parser_reset(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  int cs;
+  int top;
+
+  p->top = p->stack;
+  init_frame(p->top);
+
+  /* Emit Ragel initialization of the parser. */
+  
+// #line 3278 "upb/json/parser.c"
+	{
+	cs = json_start;
+	top = 0;
+	}
+
+// #line 2847 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+  p->current_state = cs;
+  p->parser_top = top;
+  accumulate_clear(p);
+  p->multipart_state = MULTIPART_INACTIVE;
+  p->capture = NULL;
+  p->accumulated = NULL;
+}
+
+static upb_json_parsermethod *parsermethod_new(upb_json_codecache *c,
+                                               const upb_msgdef *md) {
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  upb_alloc *alloc = upb_arena_alloc(c->arena);
+
+  upb_json_parsermethod *m = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*m));
+
+  m->cache = c;
+
+  upb_byteshandler_init(&m->input_handler_);
+  upb_byteshandler_setstring(&m->input_handler_, parse, m);
+  upb_byteshandler_setendstr(&m->input_handler_, end, m);
+
+  upb_strtable_init2(&m->name_table, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, alloc);
+
+  /* Build name_table */
+
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+    upb_value v = upb_value_constptr(f);
+    char *buf;
+
+    /* Add an entry for the JSON name. */
+    size_t len = upb_fielddef_getjsonname(f, NULL, 0);
+    buf = upb_malloc(alloc, len);
+    upb_fielddef_getjsonname(f, buf, len);
+    upb_strtable_insert3(&m->name_table, buf, strlen(buf), v, alloc);
+
+    if (strcmp(buf, upb_fielddef_name(f)) != 0) {
+      /* Since the JSON name is different from the regular field name, add an
+       * entry for the raw name (compliant proto3 JSON parsers must accept
+       * both). */
+      const char *name = upb_fielddef_name(f);
+      upb_strtable_insert3(&m->name_table, name, strlen(name), v, alloc);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return m;
+}
+
+/* Public API *****************************************************************/
+
+upb_json_parser *upb_json_parser_create(upb_arena *arena,
+                                        const upb_json_parsermethod *method,
+                                        const upb_symtab* symtab,
+                                        upb_sink output,
+                                        upb_status *status,
+                                        bool ignore_json_unknown) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  const size_t size_before = upb_arena_bytesallocated(arena);
+#endif
+  upb_json_parser *p = upb_arena_malloc(arena, sizeof(upb_json_parser));
+  if (!p) return false;
+
+  p->arena = arena;
+  p->method = method;
+  p->status = status;
+  p->limit = p->stack + UPB_JSON_MAX_DEPTH;
+  p->accumulate_buf = NULL;
+  p->accumulate_buf_size = 0;
+  upb_bytessink_reset(&p->input_, &method->input_handler_, p);
+
+  json_parser_reset(p);
+  p->top->sink = output;
+  p->top->m = upb_handlers_msgdef(output.handlers);
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY)) {
+    p->top->is_any = true;
+    p->top->any_frame = json_parser_any_frame_new(p);
+  } else {
+    p->top->is_any = false;
+    p->top->any_frame = NULL;
+  }
+  set_name_table(p, p->top);
+  p->symtab = symtab;
+
+  p->ignore_json_unknown = ignore_json_unknown;
+
+  /* If this fails, uncomment and increase the value in parser.h. */
+  /* fprintf(stderr, "%zd\n", upb_arena_bytesallocated(arena) - size_before); */
+  UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(upb_arena_bytesallocated(arena) - size_before <=
+                      UPB_JSON_PARSER_SIZE);
+  return p;
+}
+
+upb_bytessink upb_json_parser_input(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->input_;
+}
+
+const upb_byteshandler *upb_json_parsermethod_inputhandler(
+    const upb_json_parsermethod *m) {
+  return &m->input_handler_;
+}
+
+upb_json_codecache *upb_json_codecache_new(void) {
+  upb_alloc *alloc;
+  upb_json_codecache *c;
+
+  c = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*c));
+
+  c->arena = upb_arena_new();
+  alloc = upb_arena_alloc(c->arena);
+
+  upb_inttable_init2(&c->methods, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, alloc);
+
+  return c;
+}
+
+void upb_json_codecache_free(upb_json_codecache *c) {
+  upb_arena_free(c->arena);
+  upb_gfree(c);
+}
+
+const upb_json_parsermethod *upb_json_codecache_get(upb_json_codecache *c,
+                                                    const upb_msgdef *md) {
+  upb_json_parsermethod *m;
+  upb_value v;
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  upb_alloc *alloc = upb_arena_alloc(c->arena);
+
+  if (upb_inttable_lookupptr(&c->methods, md, &v)) {
+    return upb_value_getconstptr(v);
+  }
+
+  m = parsermethod_new(c, md);
+  v = upb_value_constptr(m);
+
+  if (!m) return NULL;
+  if (!upb_inttable_insertptr2(&c->methods, md, v, alloc)) return NULL;
+
+  /* Populate parser methods for all submessages, so the name tables will
+   * be available during parsing. */
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      const upb_msgdef *subdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f);
+      const upb_json_parsermethod *sub_method =
+          upb_json_codecache_get(c, subdef);
+
+      if (!sub_method) return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return m;
+}
+/*
+** This currently uses snprintf() to format primitives, and could be optimized
+** further.
+*/
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+
+struct upb_json_printer {
+  upb_sink input_;
+  /* BytesSink closure. */
+  void *subc_;
+  upb_bytessink output_;
+
+  /* We track the depth so that we know when to emit startstr/endstr on the
+   * output. */
+  int depth_;
+
+  /* Have we emitted the first element? This state is necessary to emit commas
+   * without leaving a trailing comma in arrays/maps. We keep this state per
+   * frame depth.
+   *
+   * Why max_depth * 2? UPB_MAX_HANDLER_DEPTH counts depth as nested messages.
+   * We count frames (contexts in which we separate elements by commas) as both
+   * repeated fields and messages (maps), and the worst case is a
+   * message->repeated field->submessage->repeated field->... nesting. */
+  bool first_elem_[UPB_MAX_HANDLER_DEPTH * 2];
+
+  /* To print timestamp, printer needs to cache its seconds and nanos values
+   * and convert them when ending timestamp message. See comments of
+   * printer_sethandlers_timestamp for more detail. */
+  int64_t seconds;
+  int32_t nanos;
+};
+
+/* StringPiece; a pointer plus a length. */
+typedef struct {
+  char *ptr;
+  size_t len;
+} strpc;
+
+void freestrpc(void *ptr) {
+  strpc *pc = ptr;
+  upb_gfree(pc->ptr);
+  upb_gfree(pc);
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool preserve_fieldnames;
+} upb_json_printercache;
+
+/* Convert fielddef name to JSON name and return as a string piece. */
+strpc *newstrpc(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                bool preserve_fieldnames) {
+  /* TODO(haberman): handle malloc failure. */
+  strpc *ret = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+  if (preserve_fieldnames) {
+    ret->ptr = upb_gstrdup(upb_fielddef_name(f));
+    ret->len = strlen(ret->ptr);
+  } else {
+    size_t len;
+    ret->len = upb_fielddef_getjsonname(f, NULL, 0);
+    ret->ptr = upb_gmalloc(ret->len);
+    len = upb_fielddef_getjsonname(f, ret->ptr, ret->len);
+    UPB_ASSERT(len == ret->len);
+    ret->len--;  /* NULL */
+  }
+
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, ret, freestrpc);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Convert a null-terminated const char* to a string piece. */
+strpc *newstrpc_str(upb_handlers *h, const char * str) {
+  strpc * ret = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+  ret->ptr = upb_gstrdup(str);
+  ret->len = strlen(str);
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, ret, freestrpc);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* ------------ JSON string printing: values, maps, arrays ------------------ */
+
+static void print_data(
+    upb_json_printer *p, const char *buf, unsigned int len) {
+  /* TODO: Will need to change if we support pushback from the sink. */
+  size_t n = upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc_, buf, len, NULL);
+  UPB_ASSERT(n == len);
+}
+
+static void print_comma(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  if (!p->first_elem_[p->depth_]) {
+    print_data(p, ",", 1);
+  }
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = false;
+}
+
+/* Helpers that print properly formatted elements to the JSON output stream. */
+
+/* Used for escaping control chars in strings. */
+static const char kControlCharLimit = 0x20;
+
+UPB_INLINE bool is_json_escaped(char c) {
+  /* See RFC 4627. */
+  unsigned char uc = (unsigned char)c;
+  return uc < kControlCharLimit || uc == '"' || uc == '\\';
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const char* json_nice_escape(char c) {
+  switch (c) {
+    case '"':  return "\\\"";
+    case '\\': return "\\\\";
+    case '\b': return "\\b";
+    case '\f': return "\\f";
+    case '\n': return "\\n";
+    case '\r': return "\\r";
+    case '\t': return "\\t";
+    default:   return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Write a properly escaped string chunk. The surrounding quotes are *not*
+ * printed; this is so that the caller has the option of emitting the string
+ * content in chunks. */
+static void putstring(upb_json_printer *p, const char *buf, unsigned int len) {
+  const char* unescaped_run = NULL;
+  unsigned int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    char c = buf[i];
+    /* Handle escaping. */
+    if (is_json_escaped(c)) {
+      /* Use a "nice" escape, like \n, if one exists for this character. */
+      const char* escape = json_nice_escape(c);
+      /* If we don't have a specific 'nice' escape code, use a \uXXXX-style
+       * escape. */
+      char escape_buf[8];
+      if (!escape) {
+        unsigned char byte = (unsigned char)c;
+        _upb_snprintf(escape_buf, sizeof(escape_buf), "\\u%04x", (int)byte);
+        escape = escape_buf;
+      }
+
+      /* N.B. that we assume that the input encoding is equal to the output
+       * encoding (both UTF-8 for  now), so for chars >= 0x20 and != \, ", we
+       * can simply pass the bytes through. */
+
+      /* If there's a current run of unescaped chars, print that run first. */
+      if (unescaped_run) {
+        print_data(p, unescaped_run, &buf[i] - unescaped_run);
+        unescaped_run = NULL;
+      }
+      /* Then print the escape code. */
+      print_data(p, escape, strlen(escape));
+    } else {
+      /* Add to the current unescaped run of characters. */
+      if (unescaped_run == NULL) {
+        unescaped_run = &buf[i];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* If the string ended in a run of unescaped characters, print that last run. */
+  if (unescaped_run) {
+    print_data(p, unescaped_run, &buf[len] - unescaped_run);
+  }
+}
+
+#define CHKLENGTH(x) if (!(x)) return -1;
+
+/* Helpers that format floating point values according to our custom formats.
+ * Right now we use %.8g and %.17g for float/double, respectively, to match
+ * proto2::util::JsonFormat's defaults.  May want to change this later. */
+
+const char neginf[] = "\"-Infinity\"";
+const char inf[] = "\"Infinity\"";
+
+static size_t fmt_double(double val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  if (val == UPB_INFINITY) {
+    CHKLENGTH(length >= strlen(inf));
+    strcpy(buf, inf);
+    return strlen(inf);
+  } else if (val == -UPB_INFINITY) {
+    CHKLENGTH(length >= strlen(neginf));
+    strcpy(buf, neginf);
+    return strlen(neginf);
+  } else {
+    size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%.17g", val);
+    CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+    return n;
+  }
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_float(float val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%.8g", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_bool(bool val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%s", (val ? "true" : "false"));
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_int64_as_number(long long val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%lld", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_uint64_as_number(
+    unsigned long long val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%llu", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_int64_as_string(long long val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "\"%lld\"", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_uint64_as_string(
+    unsigned long long val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "\"%llu\"", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+/* Print a map key given a field name. Called by scalar field handlers and by
+ * startseq for repeated fields. */
+static bool putkey(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  const strpc *key = handler_data;
+  print_comma(p);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  putstring(p, key->ptr, key->len);
+  print_data(p, "\":", 2);
+  return true;
+}
+
+#define CHKFMT(val) if ((val) == (size_t)-1) return false;
+#define CHK(val)    if (!(val)) return false;
+
+#define TYPE_HANDLERS(type, fmt_func)                                        \
+  static bool put##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data, type val) { \
+    upb_json_printer *p = closure;                                           \
+    char data[64];                                                           \
+    size_t length = fmt_func(val, data, sizeof(data));                       \
+    UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);                                                \
+    CHKFMT(length);                                                          \
+    print_data(p, data, length);                                             \
+    return true;                                                             \
+  }                                                                          \
+  static bool scalar_##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data,         \
+                            type val) {                                      \
+    CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));                                      \
+    CHK(put##type(closure, handler_data, val));                              \
+    return true;                                                             \
+  }                                                                          \
+  static bool repeated_##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data,       \
+                              type val) {                                    \
+    upb_json_printer *p = closure;                                           \
+    print_comma(p);                                                          \
+    CHK(put##type(closure, handler_data, val));                              \
+    return true;                                                             \
+  }
+
+#define TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(type, fmt_func)                                 \
+  static bool putmapkey_##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data,      \
+                            type val) {                                      \
+    upb_json_printer *p = closure;                                           \
+    char data[64];                                                           \
+    size_t length = fmt_func(val, data, sizeof(data));                       \
+    UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);                                                \
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);                                                  \
+    print_data(p, data, length);                                             \
+    print_data(p, "\":", 2);                                                 \
+    return true;                                                             \
+  }
+
+TYPE_HANDLERS(double,   fmt_double)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(float,    fmt_float)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(bool,     fmt_bool)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(int32_t,  fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(uint32_t, fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(int64_t,  fmt_int64_as_string)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(uint64_t, fmt_uint64_as_string)
+
+/* double and float are not allowed to be map keys. */
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(bool,     fmt_bool)
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(int32_t,  fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(uint32_t, fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(int64_t,  fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(uint64_t, fmt_uint64_as_number)
+
+#undef TYPE_HANDLERS
+#undef TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY
+
+typedef struct {
+  void *keyname;
+  const upb_enumdef *enumdef;
+} EnumHandlerData;
+
+static bool scalar_enum(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                        int32_t val) {
+  const EnumHandlerData *hd = handler_data;
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  const char *symbolic_name;
+
+  CHK(putkey(closure, hd->keyname));
+
+  symbolic_name = upb_enumdef_iton(hd->enumdef, val);
+  if (symbolic_name) {
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+    putstring(p, symbolic_name, strlen(symbolic_name));
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  } else {
+    putint32_t(closure, NULL, val);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void print_enum_symbolic_name(upb_json_printer *p,
+                                     const upb_enumdef *def,
+                                     int32_t val) {
+  const char *symbolic_name = upb_enumdef_iton(def, val);
+  if (symbolic_name) {
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+    putstring(p, symbolic_name, strlen(symbolic_name));
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  } else {
+    putint32_t(p, NULL, val);
+  }
+}
+
+static bool repeated_enum(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                          int32_t val) {
+  const EnumHandlerData *hd = handler_data;
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  print_comma(p);
+
+  print_enum_symbolic_name(p, hd->enumdef, val);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool mapvalue_enum(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                          int32_t val) {
+  const EnumHandlerData *hd = handler_data;
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+
+  print_enum_symbolic_name(p, hd->enumdef, val);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *scalar_startsubmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  return putkey(closure, handler_data) ? closure : UPB_BREAK;
+}
+
+static void *repeated_startsubmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_comma(p);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static void start_frame(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "{", 1);
+}
+
+static void end_frame(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  print_data(p, "}", 1);
+  p->depth_--;
+}
+
+static bool printer_startmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  start_frame(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_endmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data, upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(s);
+  end_frame(p);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *startseq(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "[", 1);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static bool endseq(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "]", 1);
+  p->depth_--;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *startmap(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "{", 1);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static bool endmap(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "}", 1);
+  p->depth_--;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static size_t putstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data, const char *str,
+                     size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+  putstring(p, str, len);
+  return len;
+}
+
+/* This has to Base64 encode the bytes, because JSON has no "bytes" type. */
+static size_t putbytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data, const char *str,
+                       size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+
+  /* This is the regular base64, not the "web-safe" version. */
+  static const char base64[] =
+      "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+  /* Base64-encode. */
+  char data[16000];
+  const char *limit = data + sizeof(data);
+  const unsigned char *from = (const unsigned char*)str;
+  char *to = data;
+  size_t remaining = len;
+  size_t bytes;
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+
+  while (remaining > 2) {
+    if (limit - to < 4) {
+      bytes = to - data;
+      putstring(p, data, bytes);
+      to = data;
+    }
+
+    to[0] = base64[from[0] >> 2];
+    to[1] = base64[((from[0] & 0x3) << 4) | (from[1] >> 4)];
+    to[2] = base64[((from[1] & 0xf) << 2) | (from[2] >> 6)];
+    to[3] = base64[from[2] & 0x3f];
+
+    remaining -= 3;
+    to += 4;
+    from += 3;
+  }
+
+  switch (remaining) {
+    case 2:
+      to[0] = base64[from[0] >> 2];
+      to[1] = base64[((from[0] & 0x3) << 4) | (from[1] >> 4)];
+      to[2] = base64[(from[1] & 0xf) << 2];
+      to[3] = '=';
+      to += 4;
+      from += 2;
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      to[0] = base64[from[0] >> 2];
+      to[1] = base64[((from[0] & 0x3) << 4)];
+      to[2] = '=';
+      to[3] = '=';
+      to += 4;
+      from += 1;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  bytes = to - data;
+  putstring(p, data, bytes);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return len;
+}
+
+static void *scalar_startstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                             size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t scalar_str(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                         const char *str, size_t len,
+                         const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static bool scalar_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *repeated_startstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                               size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  print_comma(p);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t repeated_str(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                           const char *str, size_t len,
+                           const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static bool repeated_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *mapkeyval_startstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t mapkey_str(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                         const char *str, size_t len,
+                         const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static bool mapkey_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "\":", 2);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool mapvalue_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static size_t scalar_bytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                           const char *str, size_t len,
+                           const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  CHK(putbytes(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static size_t repeated_bytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                             const char *str, size_t len,
+                             const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  print_comma(p);
+  CHK(putbytes(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static size_t mapkey_bytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                           const char *str, size_t len,
+                           const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  CHK(putbytes(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  print_data(p, ":", 1);
+  return len;
+}
+
+static void set_enum_hd(upb_handlers *h,
+                        const upb_fielddef *f,
+                        bool preserve_fieldnames,
+                        upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  EnumHandlerData *hd = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(EnumHandlerData));
+  hd->enumdef = upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(f);
+  hd->keyname = newstrpc(h, f, preserve_fieldnames);
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd, upb_gfree);
+  attr->handler_data = hd;
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for a mapentry submessage (i.e., an individual key/value pair
+ * in a map).
+ *
+ * TODO: Handle missing key, missing value, out-of-order key/value, or repeated
+ * key or value cases properly. The right way to do this is to allocate a
+ * temporary structure at the start of a mapentry submessage, store key and
+ * value data in it as key and value handlers are called, and then print the
+ * key/value pair once at the end of the submessage. If we don't do this, we
+ * should at least detect the case and throw an error. However, so far all of
+ * our sources that emit mapentry messages do so canonically (with one key
+ * field, and then one value field), so this is not a pressing concern at the
+ * moment. */
+void printer_sethandlers_mapentry(const void *closure, bool preserve_fieldnames,
+                                  upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+
+  /* A mapentry message is printed simply as '"key": value'. Rather than
+   * special-case key and value for every type below, we just handle both
+   * fields explicitly here. */
+  const upb_fielddef* key_field = upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_MAPENTRY_KEY);
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_MAPENTRY_VALUE);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(key_field)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+      upb_handlers_setint32(h, key_field, putmapkey_int32_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+      upb_handlers_setint64(h, key_field, putmapkey_int64_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+      upb_handlers_setuint32(h, key_field, putmapkey_uint32_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      upb_handlers_setuint64(h, key_field, putmapkey_uint64_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      upb_handlers_setbool(h, key_field, putmapkey_bool, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, key_field, mapkeyval_startstr, &empty_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, key_field, mapkey_str, &empty_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendstr(h, key_field, mapkey_endstr, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, key_field, mapkey_bytes, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    default:
+      UPB_ASSERT(false);
+      break;
+  }
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(value_field)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+      upb_handlers_setint32(h, value_field, putint32_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+      upb_handlers_setint64(h, value_field, putint64_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+      upb_handlers_setuint32(h, value_field, putuint32_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      upb_handlers_setuint64(h, value_field, putuint64_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      upb_handlers_setbool(h, value_field, putbool, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      upb_handlers_setfloat(h, value_field, putfloat, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      upb_handlers_setdouble(h, value_field, putdouble, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, value_field, mapkeyval_startstr, &empty_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, value_field, putstr, &empty_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendstr(h, value_field, mapvalue_endstr, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, value_field, putbytes, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      upb_handlerattr enum_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+      set_enum_hd(h, value_field, preserve_fieldnames, &enum_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setint32(h, value_field, mapvalue_enum, &enum_attr);
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      /* No handler necessary -- the submsg handlers will print the message
+       * as appropriate. */
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool putseconds(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                       int64_t seconds) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  p->seconds = seconds;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool putnanos(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                     int32_t nanos) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  p->nanos = nanos;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *scalar_startstr_nokey(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                   size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t putstr_nokey(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                           const char *str, size_t len,
+                           const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  putstring(p, str, len);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return len + 2;
+}
+
+static void *startseq_nokey(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "[", 1);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static void *startseq_fieldmask(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static bool endseq_fieldmask(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  p->depth_--;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *repeated_startstr_fieldmask(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+    size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  print_comma(p);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t repeated_str_fieldmask(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+    const char *str, size_t len,
+    const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  const char* limit = str + len;
+  bool upper = false;
+  size_t result_len = 0;
+  for (; str < limit; str++) {
+    if (*str == '_') {
+      upper = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (upper && *str >= 'a' && *str <= 'z') {
+      char upper_char = toupper(*str);
+      CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, &upper_char, 1, handle));
+    } else {
+      CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, str, 1, handle));
+    }
+    upper = false;
+    result_len++;
+  }
+  return result_len;
+}
+
+static void *startmap_nokey(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "{", 1);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static bool putnull(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                    int32_t null) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  print_data(p, "null", 4);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(null);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_startdurationmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+#define UPB_DURATION_MAX_JSON_LEN 23
+#define UPB_DURATION_MAX_NANO_LEN 9
+
+static bool printer_enddurationmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                   upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  char buffer[UPB_DURATION_MAX_JSON_LEN];
+  size_t base_len;
+  size_t curr;
+  size_t i;
+
+  memset(buffer, 0, UPB_DURATION_MAX_JSON_LEN);
+
+  if (p->seconds < -315576000000) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(s, "error parsing duration: "
+                          "minimum acceptable value is "
+                          "-315576000000");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (p->seconds > 315576000000) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(s, "error serializing duration: "
+                          "maximum acceptable value is "
+                          "315576000000");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  _upb_snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%ld", (long)p->seconds);
+  base_len = strlen(buffer);
+
+  if (p->nanos != 0) {
+    char nanos_buffer[UPB_DURATION_MAX_NANO_LEN + 3];
+    _upb_snprintf(nanos_buffer, sizeof(nanos_buffer), "%.9f",
+                  p->nanos / 1000000000.0);
+    /* Remove trailing 0. */
+    for (i = UPB_DURATION_MAX_NANO_LEN + 2;
+         nanos_buffer[i] == '0'; i--) {
+      nanos_buffer[i] = 0;
+    }
+    strcpy(buffer + base_len, nanos_buffer + 1);
+  }
+
+  curr = strlen(buffer);
+  strcpy(buffer + curr, "s");
+
+  p->seconds = 0;
+  p->nanos = 0;
+
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  print_data(p, buffer, strlen(buffer));
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_starttimestampmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+#define UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_JSON_LEN 31
+#define UPB_TIMESTAMP_BEFORE_NANO_LEN 19
+#define UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_NANO_LEN 9
+
+static bool printer_endtimestampmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                    upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  char buffer[UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_JSON_LEN];
+  time_t time = p->seconds;
+  size_t curr;
+  size_t i;
+  size_t year_length =
+      strftime(buffer, UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_JSON_LEN, "%Y", gmtime(&time));
+
+  if (p->seconds < -62135596800) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(s, "error parsing timestamp: "
+                          "minimum acceptable value is "
+                          "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (p->seconds > 253402300799) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(s, "error parsing timestamp: "
+                          "maximum acceptable value is "
+                          "9999-12-31T23:59:59Z");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* strftime doesn't guarantee 4 digits for year. Prepend 0 by ourselves. */
+  for (i = 0; i < 4 - year_length; i++) {
+    buffer[i] = '0';
+  }
+
+  strftime(buffer + (4 - year_length), UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_JSON_LEN,
+           "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", gmtime(&time));
+  if (p->nanos != 0) {
+    char nanos_buffer[UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_NANO_LEN + 3];
+    _upb_snprintf(nanos_buffer, sizeof(nanos_buffer), "%.9f",
+                  p->nanos / 1000000000.0);
+    /* Remove trailing 0. */
+    for (i = UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_NANO_LEN + 2;
+         nanos_buffer[i] == '0'; i--) {
+      nanos_buffer[i] = 0;
+    }
+    strcpy(buffer + UPB_TIMESTAMP_BEFORE_NANO_LEN, nanos_buffer + 1);
+  }
+
+  curr = strlen(buffer);
+  strcpy(buffer + curr, "Z");
+
+  p->seconds = 0;
+  p->nanos = 0;
+
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  print_data(p, buffer, strlen(buffer));
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(s);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_startmsg_noframe(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_endmsg_noframe(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data, upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(s);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_startmsg_fieldmask(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_endmsg_fieldmask(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data, upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(s);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *scalar_startstr_onlykey(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data, size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  return p;
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for an Any submessage. */
+void printer_sethandlers_any(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+
+  const upb_fielddef* type_field = upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_ANY_TYPE);
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_ANY_VALUE);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  /* type_url's json name is "@type" */
+  upb_handlerattr type_name_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  upb_handlerattr value_name_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  strpc *type_url_json_name = newstrpc_str(h, "@type");
+  strpc *value_json_name = newstrpc_str(h, "value");
+
+  type_name_attr.handler_data = type_url_json_name;
+  value_name_attr.handler_data = value_json_name;
+
+  /* Set up handlers. */
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, type_field, scalar_startstr, &type_name_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setstring(h, type_field, scalar_str, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendstr(h, type_field, scalar_endstr, &empty_attr);
+
+  /* This is not the full and correct JSON encoding for the Any value field. It
+   * requires further processing by the wrapper code based on the type URL.
+   */
+  upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, value_field, scalar_startstr_onlykey,
+                           &value_name_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for a fieldmask submessage. */
+void printer_sethandlers_fieldmask(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(md, 1);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startseq_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endseq_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, repeated_startstr_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, repeated_str_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for a duration submessage. */
+void printer_sethandlers_duration(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+
+  const upb_fielddef* seconds_field =
+      upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_DURATION_SECONDS);
+  const upb_fielddef* nanos_field =
+      upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_DURATION_NANOS);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startdurationmsg, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setint64(h, seconds_field, putseconds, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setint32(h, nanos_field, putnanos, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_enddurationmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for a timestamp submessage. Instead of printing fields
+ * separately, the json representation of timestamp follows RFC 3339 */
+void printer_sethandlers_timestamp(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+
+  const upb_fielddef* seconds_field =
+      upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_TIMESTAMP_SECONDS);
+  const upb_fielddef* nanos_field =
+      upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_TIMESTAMP_NANOS);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_starttimestampmsg, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setint64(h, seconds_field, putseconds, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setint32(h, nanos_field, putnanos, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endtimestampmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+void printer_sethandlers_value(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+  for(; !upb_msg_field_done(&i); upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+
+    switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+      case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+        upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, putnull, &empty_attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+        upb_handlers_setdouble(h, f, putdouble, &empty_attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+        upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, scalar_startstr_nokey, &empty_attr);
+        upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, scalar_str, &empty_attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, scalar_endstr, &empty_attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+        upb_handlers_setbool(h, f, putbool, &empty_attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        break;
+      default:
+        UPB_ASSERT(false);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+#define WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(wrapper, type, putmethod)                      \
+void printer_sethandlers_##wrapper(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) { \
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);                           \
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(md, 1);                          \
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;                \
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);      \
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);          \
+  upb_handlers_set##type(h, f, putmethod, &empty_attr);                    \
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);                                                     \
+}
+
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(doublevalue, double, putdouble)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(floatvalue,  float,  putfloat)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(int64value,  int64,  putint64_t)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(uint64value, uint64, putuint64_t)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(int32value,  int32,  putint32_t)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(uint32value, uint32, putuint32_t)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(boolvalue,   bool,   putbool)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(stringvalue, string, putstr_nokey)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(bytesvalue,  string, putbytes)
+
+#undef WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS
+
+void printer_sethandlers_listvalue(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(md, 1);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startseq_nokey, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endseq, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, repeated_startsubmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+void printer_sethandlers_structvalue(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(md, 1);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startmap_nokey, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endmap, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, repeated_startsubmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+void printer_sethandlers(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  bool is_mapentry = upb_msgdef_mapentry(md);
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  const upb_json_printercache *cache = closure;
+  const bool preserve_fieldnames = cache->preserve_fieldnames;
+
+  if (is_mapentry) {
+    /* mapentry messages are sufficiently different that we handle them
+     * separately. */
+    printer_sethandlers_mapentry(closure, preserve_fieldnames, h);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  switch (upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(md)) {
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED:
+      break;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY:
+      printer_sethandlers_any(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK:
+      printer_sethandlers_fieldmask(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION:
+      printer_sethandlers_duration(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP:
+      printer_sethandlers_timestamp(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE:
+      printer_sethandlers_value(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE:
+      printer_sethandlers_listvalue(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRUCT:
+      printer_sethandlers_structvalue(closure, h);
+      return;
+#define WRAPPER(wellknowntype, name)        \
+  case wellknowntype:                       \
+    printer_sethandlers_##name(closure, h); \
+    return;                                 \
+
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_DOUBLEVALUE, doublevalue);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_FLOATVALUE, floatvalue);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT64VALUE, int64value);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT64VALUE, uint64value);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT32VALUE, int32value);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT32VALUE, uint32value);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE, boolvalue);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRINGVALUE, stringvalue);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_BYTESVALUE, bytesvalue);
+
+#undef WRAPPER
+  }
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+#define TYPE(type, name, ctype)                                               \
+  case type:                                                                  \
+    if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {                                              \
+      upb_handlers_set##name(h, f, repeated_##ctype, &empty_attr);            \
+    } else {                                                                  \
+      upb_handlers_set##name(h, f, scalar_##ctype, &name_attr);               \
+    }                                                                         \
+    break;
+
+  upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+  for(; !upb_msg_field_done(&i); upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+
+    upb_handlerattr name_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+    name_attr.handler_data = newstrpc(h, f, preserve_fieldnames);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_ismap(f)) {
+      upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startmap, &name_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endmap, &name_attr);
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+      upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startseq, &name_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endseq, &empty_attr);
+    }
+
+    switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT,  float,  float);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double, double);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_BOOL,   bool,   bool);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_INT32,  int32,  int32_t);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32, uint32_t);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_INT64,  int64,  int64_t);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64, uint64_t);
+      case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
+        /* For now, we always emit symbolic names for enums. We may want an
+         * option later to control this behavior, but we will wait for a real
+         * need first. */
+        upb_handlerattr enum_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+        set_enum_hd(h, f, preserve_fieldnames, &enum_attr);
+
+        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+          upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, repeated_enum, &enum_attr);
+        } else {
+          upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, scalar_enum, &enum_attr);
+        }
+
+        break;
+      }
+      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+          upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, repeated_startstr, &empty_attr);
+          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, repeated_str, &empty_attr);
+          upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, repeated_endstr, &empty_attr);
+        } else {
+          upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, scalar_startstr, &name_attr);
+          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, scalar_str, &empty_attr);
+          upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, scalar_endstr, &empty_attr);
+        }
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+        /* XXX: this doesn't support strings that span buffers yet. The base64
+         * encoder will need to be made resumable for this to work properly. */
+        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, repeated_bytes, &empty_attr);
+        } else {
+          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, scalar_bytes, &name_attr);
+        }
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+          upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, repeated_startsubmsg, &name_attr);
+        } else {
+          upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, scalar_startsubmsg, &name_attr);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+#undef TYPE
+}
+
+static void json_printer_reset(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  p->depth_ = 0;
+}
+
+
+/* Public API *****************************************************************/
+
+upb_json_printer *upb_json_printer_create(upb_arena *a, const upb_handlers *h,
+                                          upb_bytessink output) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  size_t size_before = upb_arena_bytesallocated(a);
+#endif
+
+  upb_json_printer *p = upb_arena_malloc(a, sizeof(upb_json_printer));
+  if (!p) return NULL;
+
+  p->output_ = output;
+  json_printer_reset(p);
+  upb_sink_reset(&p->input_, h, p);
+  p->seconds = 0;
+  p->nanos = 0;
+
+  /* If this fails, increase the value in printer.h. */
+  UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(upb_arena_bytesallocated(a) - size_before <=
+                      UPB_JSON_PRINTER_SIZE);
+  return p;
+}
+
+upb_sink upb_json_printer_input(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  return p->input_;
+}
+
+upb_handlercache *upb_json_printer_newcache(bool preserve_proto_fieldnames) {
+  upb_json_printercache *cache = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*cache));
+  upb_handlercache *ret = upb_handlercache_new(printer_sethandlers, cache);
+
+  cache->preserve_fieldnames = preserve_proto_fieldnames;
+  upb_handlercache_addcleanup(ret, cache, upb_gfree);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+/* See port_def.inc.  This should #undef all macros #defined there. */
+
+#undef UPB_SIZE
+#undef UPB_FIELD_AT
+#undef UPB_READ_ONEOF
+#undef UPB_WRITE_ONEOF
+#undef UPB_INLINE
+#undef UPB_FORCEINLINE
+#undef UPB_NOINLINE
+#undef UPB_NORETURN
+#undef UPB_MAX
+#undef UPB_MIN
+#undef UPB_UNUSED
+#undef UPB_ASSERT
+#undef UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR
+#undef UPB_UNREACHABLE
+#undef UPB_INFINITY
+#undef UPB_MSVC_VSNPRINTF
+#undef _upb_snprintf
+#undef _upb_vsnprintf
+#undef _upb_va_copy
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/upb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/upb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b0075c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/upb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7095 @@
+/* Amalgamated source file */
+
+// php.h intentionally defined NDEBUG. We have to define this macro in order to
+// be used together with php.h
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+#define NDEBUG
+#endif
+
+#include <stdint.h>/*
+* This is where we define macros used across upb.
+*
+* All of these macros are undef'd in port_undef.inc to avoid leaking them to
+* users.
+*
+* The correct usage is:
+*
+*   #include "upb/foobar.h"
+*   #include "upb/baz.h"
+*
+*   // MUST be last included header.
+*   #include "upb/port_def.inc"
+*
+*   // Code for this file.
+*   // <...>
+*
+*   // Can be omitted for .c files, required for .h.
+*   #include "upb/port_undef.inc"
+*
+* This file is private and must not be included by users!
+*/
+#ifndef UINTPTR_MAX
+#error must include stdint.h first
+#endif
+
+#if UINTPTR_MAX == 0xffffffff
+#define UPB_SIZE(size32, size64) size32
+#else
+#define UPB_SIZE(size32, size64) size64
+#endif
+
+#define UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, fieldtype, offset) \
+  *(fieldtype*)((const char*)(msg) + offset)
+
+#define UPB_READ_ONEOF(msg, fieldtype, offset, case_offset, case_val, default) \
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int, case_offset) == case_val                              \
+      ? UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, fieldtype, offset)                                   \
+      : default
+
+#define UPB_WRITE_ONEOF(msg, fieldtype, offset, value, case_offset, case_val) \
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int, case_offset) = case_val;                             \
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, fieldtype, offset) = value;
+
+/* UPB_INLINE: inline if possible, emit standalone code if required. */
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define UPB_INLINE inline
+#elif defined (__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define UPB_INLINE static __inline__
+#else
+#define UPB_INLINE static
+#endif
+
+/* Hints to the compiler about likely/unlikely branches. */
+#if defined (__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define UPB_LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect((x),1)
+#define UPB_UNLIKELY(x) __builtin_expect((x),0)
+#else
+#define UPB_LIKELY(x) (x)
+#define UPB_UNLIKELY(x) (x)
+#endif
+
+/* Define UPB_BIG_ENDIAN manually if you're on big endian and your compiler
+ * doesn't provide these preprocessor symbols. */
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+#define UPB_BIG_ENDIAN
+#endif
+
+/* Macros for function attributes on compilers that support them. */
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define UPB_FORCEINLINE __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline))
+#define UPB_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+#define UPB_NORETURN __attribute__((__noreturn__))
+#else  /* !defined(__GNUC__) */
+#define UPB_FORCEINLINE
+#define UPB_NOINLINE
+#define UPB_NORETURN
+#endif
+
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L || __cplusplus >= 201103L
+/* C99/C++11 versions. */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define _upb_snprintf snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf vsnprintf
+#define _upb_va_copy(a, b) va_copy(a, b)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+/* Microsoft C/C++ versions. */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#if _MSC_VER < 1900
+int msvc_snprintf(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, ...);
+int msvc_vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, va_list arg);
+#define UPB_MSVC_VSNPRINTF
+#define _upb_snprintf msvc_snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf msvc_vsnprintf
+#else
+#define _upb_snprintf snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf vsnprintf
+#endif
+#define _upb_va_copy(a, b) va_copy(a, b)
+#elif defined __GNUC__
+/* A few hacky workarounds for functions not in C89.
+ * For internal use only!
+ * TODO(haberman): fix these by including our own implementations, or finding
+ * another workaround.
+ */
+#define _upb_snprintf __builtin_snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf __builtin_vsnprintf
+#define _upb_va_copy(a, b) __va_copy(a, b)
+#else
+#error Need implementations of [v]snprintf and va_copy
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L || defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__) || \
+    (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+/* C++11 is present */
+#else
+#error upb requires C++11 for C++ support
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#define UPB_MAX(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))
+#define UPB_MIN(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
+
+#define UPB_UNUSED(var) (void)var
+
+/* UPB_ASSERT(): in release mode, we use the expression without letting it be
+ * evaluated.  This prevents "unused variable" warnings. */
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define UPB_ASSERT(expr) do {} while (false && (expr))
+#else
+#define UPB_ASSERT(expr) assert(expr)
+#endif
+
+/* UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(): assert that uses functions or variables that only
+ * exist in debug mode.  This turns into regular assert. */
+#define UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(expr) assert(expr)
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define UPB_UNREACHABLE() do { assert(0); __builtin_unreachable(); } while(0)
+#else
+#define UPB_UNREACHABLE() do { assert(0); } while(0)
+#endif
+
+/* UPB_INFINITY representing floating-point positive infinity. */
+#include <math.h>
+#ifdef INFINITY
+#define UPB_INFINITY INFINITY
+#else
+#define UPB_INFINITY (1.0 / 0.0)
+#endif
+/*
+** This file contains shared definitions that are widely used across upb.
+**
+** This is a mixed C/C++ interface that offers a full API to both languages.
+** See the top-level README for more information.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_H_
+#define UPB_H_
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#include <memory>
+namespace upb {
+class Arena;
+class Status;
+template <int N> class InlinedArena;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/* upb_status *****************************************************************/
+
+/* upb_status represents a success or failure status and error message.
+ * It owns no resources and allocates no memory, so it should work
+ * even in OOM situations. */
+
+/* The maximum length of an error message before it will get truncated. */
+#define UPB_STATUS_MAX_MESSAGE 127
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool ok;
+  char msg[UPB_STATUS_MAX_MESSAGE];  /* Error message; NULL-terminated. */
+} upb_status;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+const char *upb_status_errmsg(const upb_status *status);
+bool upb_ok(const upb_status *status);
+
+/* Any of the functions that write to a status object allow status to be NULL,
+ * to support use cases where the function's caller does not care about the
+ * status message. */
+void upb_status_clear(upb_status *status);
+void upb_status_seterrmsg(upb_status *status, const char *msg);
+void upb_status_seterrf(upb_status *status, const char *fmt, ...);
+void upb_status_vseterrf(upb_status *status, const char *fmt, va_list args);
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_status_setoom(upb_status *status) {
+  upb_status_seterrmsg(status, "out of memory");
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+class upb::Status {
+ public:
+  Status() { upb_status_clear(&status_); }
+
+  upb_status* ptr() { return &status_; }
+
+  /* Returns true if there is no error. */
+  bool ok() const { return upb_ok(&status_); }
+
+  /* Guaranteed to be NULL-terminated. */
+  const char *error_message() const { return upb_status_errmsg(&status_); }
+
+  /* The error message will be truncated if it is longer than
+   * UPB_STATUS_MAX_MESSAGE-4. */
+  void SetErrorMessage(const char *msg) { upb_status_seterrmsg(&status_, msg); }
+  void SetFormattedErrorMessage(const char *fmt, ...) {
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    upb_status_vseterrf(&status_, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+  }
+
+  /* Resets the status to a successful state with no message. */
+  void Clear() { upb_status_clear(&status_); }
+
+ private:
+  upb_status status_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/** upb_strview ************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+  const char *data;
+  size_t size;
+} upb_strview;
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview upb_strview_make(const char *data, size_t size) {
+  upb_strview ret;
+  ret.data = data;
+  ret.size = size;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview upb_strview_makez(const char *data) {
+  return upb_strview_make(data, strlen(data));
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_strview_eql(upb_strview a, upb_strview b) {
+  return a.size == b.size && memcmp(a.data, b.data, a.size) == 0;
+}
+
+#define UPB_STRVIEW_INIT(ptr, len) {ptr, len}
+
+#define UPB_STRVIEW_FORMAT "%.*s"
+#define UPB_STRVIEW_ARGS(view) (int)(view).size, (view).data
+
+/** upb_alloc *****************************************************************/
+
+/* A upb_alloc is a possibly-stateful allocator object.
+ *
+ * It could either be an arena allocator (which doesn't require individual
+ * free() calls) or a regular malloc() (which does).  The client must therefore
+ * free memory unless it knows that the allocator is an arena allocator. */
+
+struct upb_alloc;
+typedef struct upb_alloc upb_alloc;
+
+/* A malloc()/free() function.
+ * If "size" is 0 then the function acts like free(), otherwise it acts like
+ * realloc().  Only "oldsize" bytes from a previous allocation are preserved. */
+typedef void *upb_alloc_func(upb_alloc *alloc, void *ptr, size_t oldsize,
+                             size_t size);
+
+struct upb_alloc {
+  upb_alloc_func *func;
+};
+
+UPB_INLINE void *upb_malloc(upb_alloc *alloc, size_t size) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(alloc);
+  return alloc->func(alloc, NULL, 0, size);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void *upb_realloc(upb_alloc *alloc, void *ptr, size_t oldsize,
+                             size_t size) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(alloc);
+  return alloc->func(alloc, ptr, oldsize, size);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_free(upb_alloc *alloc, void *ptr) {
+  assert(alloc);
+  alloc->func(alloc, ptr, 0, 0);
+}
+
+/* The global allocator used by upb.  Uses the standard malloc()/free(). */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+extern upb_alloc upb_alloc_global;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+/* Functions that hard-code the global malloc.
+ *
+ * We still get benefit because we can put custom logic into our global
+ * allocator, like injecting out-of-memory faults in debug/testing builds. */
+
+UPB_INLINE void *upb_gmalloc(size_t size) {
+  return upb_malloc(&upb_alloc_global, size);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void *upb_grealloc(void *ptr, size_t oldsize, size_t size) {
+  return upb_realloc(&upb_alloc_global, ptr, oldsize, size);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_gfree(void *ptr) {
+  upb_free(&upb_alloc_global, ptr);
+}
+
+/* upb_arena ******************************************************************/
+
+/* upb_arena is a specific allocator implementation that uses arena allocation.
+ * The user provides an allocator that will be used to allocate the underlying
+ * arena blocks.  Arenas by nature do not require the individual allocations
+ * to be freed.  However the Arena does allow users to register cleanup
+ * functions that will run when the arena is destroyed.
+ *
+ * A upb_arena is *not* thread-safe.
+ *
+ * You could write a thread-safe arena allocator that satisfies the
+ * upb_alloc interface, but it would not be as efficient for the
+ * single-threaded case. */
+
+typedef void upb_cleanup_func(void *ud);
+
+struct upb_arena;
+typedef struct upb_arena upb_arena;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Creates an arena from the given initial block (if any -- n may be 0).
+ * Additional blocks will be allocated from |alloc|.  If |alloc| is NULL, this
+ * is a fixed-size arena and cannot grow. */
+upb_arena *upb_arena_init(void *mem, size_t n, upb_alloc *alloc);
+void upb_arena_free(upb_arena *a);
+bool upb_arena_addcleanup(upb_arena *a, void *ud, upb_cleanup_func *func);
+size_t upb_arena_bytesallocated(const upb_arena *a);
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_alloc *upb_arena_alloc(upb_arena *a) { return (upb_alloc*)a; }
+
+/* Convenience wrappers around upb_alloc functions. */
+
+UPB_INLINE void *upb_arena_malloc(upb_arena *a, size_t size) {
+  return upb_malloc(upb_arena_alloc(a), size);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void *upb_arena_realloc(upb_arena *a, void *ptr, size_t oldsize,
+                                   size_t size) {
+  return upb_realloc(upb_arena_alloc(a), ptr, oldsize, size);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_arena *upb_arena_new(void) {
+  return upb_arena_init(NULL, 0, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+class upb::Arena {
+ public:
+  /* A simple arena with no initial memory block and the default allocator. */
+  Arena() : ptr_(upb_arena_new(), upb_arena_free) {}
+
+  upb_arena* ptr() { return ptr_.get(); }
+
+  /* Allows this arena to be used as a generic allocator.
+   *
+   * The arena does not need free() calls so when using Arena as an allocator
+   * it is safe to skip them.  However they are no-ops so there is no harm in
+   * calling free() either. */
+  upb_alloc *allocator() { return upb_arena_alloc(ptr_.get()); }
+
+  /* Add a cleanup function to run when the arena is destroyed.
+   * Returns false on out-of-memory. */
+  bool AddCleanup(void *ud, upb_cleanup_func* func) {
+    return upb_arena_addcleanup(ptr_.get(), ud, func);
+  }
+
+  /* Total number of bytes that have been allocated.  It is undefined what
+   * Realloc() does to &arena_ counter. */
+  size_t BytesAllocated() const { return upb_arena_bytesallocated(ptr_.get()); }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<upb_arena, decltype(&upb_arena_free)> ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif
+
+/* upb::InlinedArena **********************************************************/
+
+/* upb::InlinedArena seeds the arenas with a predefined amount of memory.  No
+ * heap memory will be allocated until the initial block is exceeded.
+ *
+ * These types only exist in C++ */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+template <int N> class upb::InlinedArena : public upb::Arena {
+ public:
+  InlinedArena() : ptr_(upb_arena_new(&initial_block_, N, &upb_alloc_global)) {}
+
+  upb_arena* ptr() { return ptr_.get(); }
+
+ private:
+  InlinedArena(const InlinedArena*) = delete;
+  InlinedArena& operator=(const InlinedArena*) = delete;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<upb_arena, decltype(&upb_arena_free)> ptr_;
+  char initial_block_[N];
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* Constants ******************************************************************/
+
+/* Generic function type. */
+typedef void upb_func(void);
+
+/* A list of types as they are encoded on-the-wire. */
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT      = 0,
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT       = 1,
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED   = 2,
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP = 3,
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP   = 4,
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT       = 5
+} upb_wiretype_t;
+
+/* The types a field can have.  Note that this list is not identical to the
+ * types defined in descriptor.proto, which gives INT32 and SINT32 separate
+ * types (we distinguish the two with the "integer encoding" enum below). */
+typedef enum {
+  /* Types stored in 1 byte. */
+  UPB_TYPE_BOOL     = 1,
+  /* Types stored in 4 bytes. */
+  UPB_TYPE_FLOAT    = 2,
+  UPB_TYPE_INT32    = 3,
+  UPB_TYPE_UINT32   = 4,
+  UPB_TYPE_ENUM     = 5,  /* Enum values are int32. */
+  /* Types stored as pointers (probably 4 or 8 bytes). */
+  UPB_TYPE_STRING   = 6,
+  UPB_TYPE_BYTES    = 7,
+  UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE  = 8,
+  /* Types stored as 8 bytes. */
+  UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE   = 9,
+  UPB_TYPE_INT64    = 10,
+  UPB_TYPE_UINT64   = 11
+} upb_fieldtype_t;
+
+/* The repeated-ness of each field; this matches descriptor.proto. */
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL = 1,
+  UPB_LABEL_REQUIRED = 2,
+  UPB_LABEL_REPEATED = 3
+} upb_label_t;
+
+/* Descriptor types, as defined in descriptor.proto. */
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DOUBLE   = 1,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FLOAT    = 2,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT64    = 3,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT64   = 4,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32    = 5,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64  = 6,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32  = 7,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BOOL     = 8,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING   = 9,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP    = 10,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE  = 11,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES    = 12,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT32   = 13,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM     = 14,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32   = 17,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64   = 18
+} upb_descriptortype_t;
+
+extern const uint8_t upb_desctype_to_fieldtype[];
+
+
+#endif  /* UPB_H_ */
+/*
+** upb_decode: parsing into a upb_msg using a upb_msglayout.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_DECODE_H_
+#define UPB_DECODE_H_
+
+/*
+** Data structures for message tables, used for parsing and serialization.
+** This are much lighter-weight than full reflection, but they are do not
+** have enough information to convert to text format, JSON, etc.
+**
+** The definitions in this file are internal to upb.
+**/
+
+#ifndef UPB_MSG_H_
+#define UPB_MSG_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef void upb_msg;
+
+/** upb_msglayout *************************************************************/
+
+/* upb_msglayout represents the memory layout of a given upb_msgdef.  The
+ * members are public so generated code can initialize them, but users MUST NOT
+ * read or write any of its members. */
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint32_t number;
+  uint16_t offset;
+  int16_t presence;      /* If >0, hasbit_index+1.  If <0, oneof_index+1. */
+  uint16_t submsg_index;  /* undefined if descriptortype != MESSAGE or GROUP. */
+  uint8_t descriptortype;
+  uint8_t label;
+} upb_msglayout_field;
+
+typedef struct upb_msglayout {
+  const struct upb_msglayout *const* submsgs;
+  const upb_msglayout_field *fields;
+  /* Must be aligned to sizeof(void*).  Doesn't include internal members like
+   * unknown fields, extension dict, pointer to msglayout, etc. */
+  uint16_t size;
+  uint16_t field_count;
+  bool extendable;
+} upb_msglayout;
+
+/** Message internal representation *******************************************/
+
+/* Our internal representation for repeated fields. */
+typedef struct {
+  void *data;   /* Each element is element_size. */
+  size_t len;   /* Measured in elements. */
+  size_t size;  /* Measured in elements. */
+} upb_array;
+
+upb_msg *upb_msg_new(const upb_msglayout *l, upb_arena *a);
+upb_msg *upb_msg_new(const upb_msglayout *l, upb_arena *a);
+
+void upb_msg_addunknown(upb_msg *msg, const char *data, size_t len,
+                        upb_arena *arena);
+const char *upb_msg_getunknown(const upb_msg *msg, size_t *len);
+
+upb_array *upb_array_new(upb_arena *a);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif /* UPB_MSG_H_ */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+bool upb_decode(const char *buf, size_t size, upb_msg *msg,
+                const upb_msglayout *l, upb_arena *arena);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* UPB_DECODE_H_ */
+/*
+** upb_encode: parsing into a upb_msg using a upb_msglayout.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_ENCODE_H_
+#define UPB_ENCODE_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+char *upb_encode(const void *msg, const upb_msglayout *l, upb_arena *arena,
+                 size_t *size);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* UPB_ENCODE_H_ */
+/*
+** upb_table
+**
+** This header is INTERNAL-ONLY!  Its interfaces are not public or stable!
+** This file defines very fast int->upb_value (inttable) and string->upb_value
+** (strtable) hash tables.
+**
+** The table uses chained scatter with Brent's variation (inspired by the Lua
+** implementation of hash tables).  The hash function for strings is Austin
+** Appleby's "MurmurHash."
+**
+** The inttable uses uintptr_t as its key, which guarantees it can be used to
+** store pointers or integers of at least 32 bits (upb isn't really useful on
+** systems where sizeof(void*) < 4).
+**
+** The table must be homogenous (all values of the same type).  In debug
+** mode, we check this on insert and lookup.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_TABLE_H_
+#define UPB_TABLE_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+/* upb_value ******************************************************************/
+
+/* A tagged union (stored untagged inside the table) so that we can check that
+ * clients calling table accessors are correctly typed without having to have
+ * an explosion of accessors. */
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_CTYPE_INT32    = 1,
+  UPB_CTYPE_INT64    = 2,
+  UPB_CTYPE_UINT32   = 3,
+  UPB_CTYPE_UINT64   = 4,
+  UPB_CTYPE_BOOL     = 5,
+  UPB_CTYPE_CSTR     = 6,
+  UPB_CTYPE_PTR      = 7,
+  UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR = 8,
+  UPB_CTYPE_FPTR     = 9,
+  UPB_CTYPE_FLOAT    = 10,
+  UPB_CTYPE_DOUBLE   = 11
+} upb_ctype_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint64_t val;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  /* In debug mode we carry the value type around also so we can check accesses
+   * to be sure the right member is being read. */
+  upb_ctype_t ctype;
+#endif
+} upb_value;
+
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define SET_TYPE(dest, val)      UPB_UNUSED(val)
+#else
+#define SET_TYPE(dest, val) dest = val
+#endif
+
+/* Like strdup(), which isn't always available since it's not ANSI C. */
+char *upb_strdup(const char *s, upb_alloc *a);
+/* Variant that works with a length-delimited rather than NULL-delimited string,
+ * as supported by strtable. */
+char *upb_strdup2(const char *s, size_t len, upb_alloc *a);
+
+UPB_INLINE char *upb_gstrdup(const char *s) {
+  return upb_strdup(s, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void _upb_value_setval(upb_value *v, uint64_t val,
+                                  upb_ctype_t ctype) {
+  v->val = val;
+  SET_TYPE(v->ctype, ctype);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_value _upb_value_val(uint64_t val, upb_ctype_t ctype) {
+  upb_value ret;
+  _upb_value_setval(&ret, val, ctype);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* For each value ctype, define the following set of functions:
+ *
+ * // Get/set an int32 from a upb_value.
+ * int32_t upb_value_getint32(upb_value val);
+ * void upb_value_setint32(upb_value *val, int32_t cval);
+ *
+ * // Construct a new upb_value from an int32.
+ * upb_value upb_value_int32(int32_t val); */
+#define FUNCS(name, membername, type_t, converter, proto_type) \
+  UPB_INLINE void upb_value_set ## name(upb_value *val, type_t cval) { \
+    val->val = (converter)cval; \
+    SET_TYPE(val->ctype, proto_type); \
+  } \
+  UPB_INLINE upb_value upb_value_ ## name(type_t val) { \
+    upb_value ret; \
+    upb_value_set ## name(&ret, val); \
+    return ret; \
+  } \
+  UPB_INLINE type_t upb_value_get ## name(upb_value val) { \
+    UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(val.ctype == proto_type); \
+    return (type_t)(converter)val.val; \
+  }
+
+FUNCS(int32,    int32,        int32_t,      int32_t,    UPB_CTYPE_INT32)
+FUNCS(int64,    int64,        int64_t,      int64_t,    UPB_CTYPE_INT64)
+FUNCS(uint32,   uint32,       uint32_t,     uint32_t,   UPB_CTYPE_UINT32)
+FUNCS(uint64,   uint64,       uint64_t,     uint64_t,   UPB_CTYPE_UINT64)
+FUNCS(bool,     _bool,        bool,         bool,       UPB_CTYPE_BOOL)
+FUNCS(cstr,     cstr,         char*,        uintptr_t,  UPB_CTYPE_CSTR)
+FUNCS(ptr,      ptr,          void*,        uintptr_t,  UPB_CTYPE_PTR)
+FUNCS(constptr, constptr,     const void*,  uintptr_t,  UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR)
+FUNCS(fptr,     fptr,         upb_func*,    uintptr_t,  UPB_CTYPE_FPTR)
+
+#undef FUNCS
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_value_setfloat(upb_value *val, float cval) {
+  memcpy(&val->val, &cval, sizeof(cval));
+  SET_TYPE(val->ctype, UPB_CTYPE_FLOAT);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_value_setdouble(upb_value *val, double cval) {
+  memcpy(&val->val, &cval, sizeof(cval));
+  SET_TYPE(val->ctype, UPB_CTYPE_DOUBLE);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_value upb_value_float(float cval) {
+  upb_value ret;
+  upb_value_setfloat(&ret, cval);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_value upb_value_double(double cval) {
+  upb_value ret;
+  upb_value_setdouble(&ret, cval);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+#undef SET_TYPE
+
+
+/* upb_tabkey *****************************************************************/
+
+/* Either:
+ *   1. an actual integer key, or
+ *   2. a pointer to a string prefixed by its uint32_t length, owned by us.
+ *
+ * ...depending on whether this is a string table or an int table.  We would
+ * make this a union of those two types, but C89 doesn't support statically
+ * initializing a non-first union member. */
+typedef uintptr_t upb_tabkey;
+
+UPB_INLINE char *upb_tabstr(upb_tabkey key, uint32_t *len) {
+  char* mem = (char*)key;
+  if (len) memcpy(len, mem, sizeof(*len));
+  return mem + sizeof(*len);
+}
+
+
+/* upb_tabval *****************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint64_t val;
+} upb_tabval;
+
+#define UPB_TABVALUE_EMPTY_INIT  {-1}
+
+
+/* upb_table ******************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct _upb_tabent {
+  upb_tabkey key;
+  upb_tabval val;
+
+  /* Internal chaining.  This is const so we can create static initializers for
+   * tables.  We cast away const sometimes, but *only* when the containing
+   * upb_table is known to be non-const.  This requires a bit of care, but
+   * the subtlety is confined to table.c. */
+  const struct _upb_tabent *next;
+} upb_tabent;
+
+typedef struct {
+  size_t count;          /* Number of entries in the hash part. */
+  size_t mask;           /* Mask to turn hash value -> bucket. */
+  upb_ctype_t ctype;     /* Type of all values. */
+  uint8_t size_lg2;      /* Size of the hashtable part is 2^size_lg2 entries. */
+
+  /* Hash table entries.
+   * Making this const isn't entirely accurate; what we really want is for it to
+   * have the same const-ness as the table it's inside.  But there's no way to
+   * declare that in C.  So we have to make it const so that we can statically
+   * initialize const hash tables.  Then we cast away const when we have to.
+   */
+  const upb_tabent *entries;
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  /* This table's allocator.  We make the user pass it in to every relevant
+   * function and only use this to check it in debug mode.  We do this solely
+   * to keep upb_table as small as possible.  This might seem slightly paranoid
+   * but the plan is to use upb_table for all map fields and extension sets in
+   * a forthcoming message representation, so there could be a lot of these.
+   * If this turns out to be too annoying later, we can change it (since this
+   * is an internal-only header file). */
+  upb_alloc *alloc;
+#endif
+} upb_table;
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_table t;
+} upb_strtable;
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_table t;              /* For entries that don't fit in the array part. */
+  const upb_tabval *array;  /* Array part of the table. See const note above. */
+  size_t array_size;        /* Array part size. */
+  size_t array_count;       /* Array part number of elements. */
+} upb_inttable;
+
+#define UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(count, mask, ctype, size_lg2, ent, a, asize, acount) \
+  {UPB_TABLE_INIT(count, mask, ctype, size_lg2, ent), a, asize, acount}
+
+#define UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(ctype) \
+  UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, ctype, 0, NULL, NULL, 0, 0)
+
+#define UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT -1
+
+UPB_INLINE size_t upb_table_size(const upb_table *t) {
+  if (t->size_lg2 == 0)
+    return 0;
+  else
+    return 1 << t->size_lg2;
+}
+
+/* Internal-only functions, in .h file only out of necessity. */
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_tabent_isempty(const upb_tabent *e) {
+  return e->key == 0;
+}
+
+/* Used by some of the unit tests for generic hashing functionality. */
+uint32_t upb_murmur_hash2(const void * key, size_t len, uint32_t seed);
+
+UPB_INLINE uintptr_t upb_intkey(uintptr_t key) {
+  return key;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE uint32_t upb_inthash(uintptr_t key) {
+  return (uint32_t)key;
+}
+
+static const upb_tabent *upb_getentry(const upb_table *t, uint32_t hash) {
+  return t->entries + (hash & t->mask);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_arrhas(upb_tabval key) {
+  return key.val != (uint64_t)-1;
+}
+
+/* Initialize and uninitialize a table, respectively.  If memory allocation
+ * failed, false is returned that the table is uninitialized. */
+bool upb_inttable_init2(upb_inttable *table, upb_ctype_t ctype, upb_alloc *a);
+bool upb_strtable_init2(upb_strtable *table, upb_ctype_t ctype, upb_alloc *a);
+void upb_inttable_uninit2(upb_inttable *table, upb_alloc *a);
+void upb_strtable_uninit2(upb_strtable *table, upb_alloc *a);
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_inttable_init(upb_inttable *table, upb_ctype_t ctype) {
+  return upb_inttable_init2(table, ctype, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_strtable_init(upb_strtable *table, upb_ctype_t ctype) {
+  return upb_strtable_init2(table, ctype, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_inttable_uninit(upb_inttable *table) {
+  upb_inttable_uninit2(table, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_strtable_uninit(upb_strtable *table) {
+  upb_strtable_uninit2(table, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+/* Returns the number of values in the table. */
+size_t upb_inttable_count(const upb_inttable *t);
+UPB_INLINE size_t upb_strtable_count(const upb_strtable *t) {
+  return t->t.count;
+}
+
+void upb_inttable_packedsize(const upb_inttable *t, size_t *size);
+void upb_strtable_packedsize(const upb_strtable *t, size_t *size);
+upb_inttable *upb_inttable_pack(const upb_inttable *t, void *p, size_t *ofs,
+                                size_t size);
+upb_strtable *upb_strtable_pack(const upb_strtable *t, void *p, size_t *ofs,
+                                size_t size);
+
+/* Inserts the given key into the hashtable with the given value.  The key must
+ * not already exist in the hash table.  For string tables, the key must be
+ * NULL-terminated, and the table will make an internal copy of the key.
+ * Inttables must not insert a value of UINTPTR_MAX.
+ *
+ * If a table resize was required but memory allocation failed, false is
+ * returned and the table is unchanged. */
+bool upb_inttable_insert2(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value val,
+                          upb_alloc *a);
+bool upb_strtable_insert3(upb_strtable *t, const char *key, size_t len,
+                          upb_value val, upb_alloc *a);
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_inttable_insert(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key,
+                                    upb_value val) {
+  return upb_inttable_insert2(t, key, val, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_strtable_insert2(upb_strtable *t, const char *key,
+                                     size_t len, upb_value val) {
+  return upb_strtable_insert3(t, key, len, val, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+/* For NULL-terminated strings. */
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_strtable_insert(upb_strtable *t, const char *key,
+                                    upb_value val) {
+  return upb_strtable_insert2(t, key, strlen(key), val);
+}
+
+/* Looks up key in this table, returning "true" if the key was found.
+ * If v is non-NULL, copies the value for this key into *v. */
+bool upb_inttable_lookup(const upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value *v);
+bool upb_strtable_lookup2(const upb_strtable *t, const char *key, size_t len,
+                          upb_value *v);
+
+/* For NULL-terminated strings. */
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_strtable_lookup(const upb_strtable *t, const char *key,
+                                    upb_value *v) {
+  return upb_strtable_lookup2(t, key, strlen(key), v);
+}
+
+/* Removes an item from the table.  Returns true if the remove was successful,
+ * and stores the removed item in *val if non-NULL. */
+bool upb_inttable_remove(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value *val);
+bool upb_strtable_remove3(upb_strtable *t, const char *key, size_t len,
+                          upb_value *val, upb_alloc *alloc);
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_strtable_remove2(upb_strtable *t, const char *key,
+                                     size_t len, upb_value *val) {
+  return upb_strtable_remove3(t, key, len, val, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+/* For NULL-terminated strings. */
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_strtable_remove(upb_strtable *t, const char *key,
+                                    upb_value *v) {
+  return upb_strtable_remove2(t, key, strlen(key), v);
+}
+
+/* Updates an existing entry in an inttable.  If the entry does not exist,
+ * returns false and does nothing.  Unlike insert/remove, this does not
+ * invalidate iterators. */
+bool upb_inttable_replace(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value val);
+
+/* Handy routines for treating an inttable like a stack.  May not be mixed with
+ * other insert/remove calls. */
+bool upb_inttable_push2(upb_inttable *t, upb_value val, upb_alloc *a);
+upb_value upb_inttable_pop(upb_inttable *t);
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_inttable_push(upb_inttable *t, upb_value val) {
+  return upb_inttable_push2(t, val, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+/* Convenience routines for inttables with pointer keys. */
+bool upb_inttable_insertptr2(upb_inttable *t, const void *key, upb_value val,
+                             upb_alloc *a);
+bool upb_inttable_removeptr(upb_inttable *t, const void *key, upb_value *val);
+bool upb_inttable_lookupptr(
+    const upb_inttable *t, const void *key, upb_value *val);
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_inttable_insertptr(upb_inttable *t, const void *key,
+                                       upb_value val) {
+  return upb_inttable_insertptr2(t, key, val, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+/* Optimizes the table for the current set of entries, for both memory use and
+ * lookup time.  Client should call this after all entries have been inserted;
+ * inserting more entries is legal, but will likely require a table resize. */
+void upb_inttable_compact2(upb_inttable *t, upb_alloc *a);
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_inttable_compact(upb_inttable *t) {
+  upb_inttable_compact2(t, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+/* A special-case inlinable version of the lookup routine for 32-bit
+ * integers. */
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_inttable_lookup32(const upb_inttable *t, uint32_t key,
+                                      upb_value *v) {
+  *v = upb_value_int32(0);  /* Silence compiler warnings. */
+  if (key < t->array_size) {
+    upb_tabval arrval = t->array[key];
+    if (upb_arrhas(arrval)) {
+      _upb_value_setval(v, arrval.val, t->t.ctype);
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    const upb_tabent *e;
+    if (t->t.entries == NULL) return false;
+    for (e = upb_getentry(&t->t, upb_inthash(key)); true; e = e->next) {
+      if ((uint32_t)e->key == key) {
+        _upb_value_setval(v, e->val.val, t->t.ctype);
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (e->next == NULL) return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* Exposed for testing only. */
+bool upb_strtable_resize(upb_strtable *t, size_t size_lg2, upb_alloc *a);
+
+/* Iterators ******************************************************************/
+
+/* Iterators for int and string tables.  We are subject to some kind of unusual
+ * design constraints:
+ *
+ * For high-level languages:
+ *  - we must be able to guarantee that we don't crash or corrupt memory even if
+ *    the program accesses an invalidated iterator.
+ *
+ * For C++11 range-based for:
+ *  - iterators must be copyable
+ *  - iterators must be comparable
+ *  - it must be possible to construct an "end" value.
+ *
+ * Iteration order is undefined.
+ *
+ * Modifying the table invalidates iterators.  upb_{str,int}table_done() is
+ * guaranteed to work even on an invalidated iterator, as long as the table it
+ * is iterating over has not been freed.  Calling next() or accessing data from
+ * an invalidated iterator yields unspecified elements from the table, but it is
+ * guaranteed not to crash and to return real table elements (except when done()
+ * is true). */
+
+
+/* upb_strtable_iter **********************************************************/
+
+/*   upb_strtable_iter i;
+ *   upb_strtable_begin(&i, t);
+ *   for(; !upb_strtable_done(&i); upb_strtable_next(&i)) {
+ *     const char *key = upb_strtable_iter_key(&i);
+ *     const upb_value val = upb_strtable_iter_value(&i);
+ *     // ...
+ *   }
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_strtable *t;
+  size_t index;
+} upb_strtable_iter;
+
+void upb_strtable_begin(upb_strtable_iter *i, const upb_strtable *t);
+void upb_strtable_next(upb_strtable_iter *i);
+bool upb_strtable_done(const upb_strtable_iter *i);
+const char *upb_strtable_iter_key(const upb_strtable_iter *i);
+size_t upb_strtable_iter_keylength(const upb_strtable_iter *i);
+upb_value upb_strtable_iter_value(const upb_strtable_iter *i);
+void upb_strtable_iter_setdone(upb_strtable_iter *i);
+bool upb_strtable_iter_isequal(const upb_strtable_iter *i1,
+                               const upb_strtable_iter *i2);
+
+
+/* upb_inttable_iter **********************************************************/
+
+/*   upb_inttable_iter i;
+ *   upb_inttable_begin(&i, t);
+ *   for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+ *     uintptr_t key = upb_inttable_iter_key(&i);
+ *     upb_value val = upb_inttable_iter_value(&i);
+ *     // ...
+ *   }
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_inttable *t;
+  size_t index;
+  bool array_part;
+} upb_inttable_iter;
+
+void upb_inttable_begin(upb_inttable_iter *i, const upb_inttable *t);
+void upb_inttable_next(upb_inttable_iter *i);
+bool upb_inttable_done(const upb_inttable_iter *i);
+uintptr_t upb_inttable_iter_key(const upb_inttable_iter *i);
+upb_value upb_inttable_iter_value(const upb_inttable_iter *i);
+void upb_inttable_iter_setdone(upb_inttable_iter *i);
+bool upb_inttable_iter_isequal(const upb_inttable_iter *i1,
+                               const upb_inttable_iter *i2);
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+
+#endif  /* UPB_TABLE_H_ */
+/* This file was generated by upbc (the upb compiler) from the input
+ * file:
+ *
+ *     google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+ *
+ * Do not edit -- your changes will be discarded when the file is
+ * regenerated. */
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DESCRIPTOR_PROTO_UPB_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DESCRIPTOR_PROTO_UPB_H_
+
+/*
+** Functions for use by generated code.  These are not public and users must
+** not call them directly.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_GENERATED_UTIL_H_
+#define UPB_GENERATED_UTIL_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+
+#define PTR_AT(msg, ofs, type) (type*)((const char*)msg + ofs)
+
+UPB_INLINE const void *_upb_array_accessor(const void *msg, size_t ofs,
+                                           size_t *size) {
+  const upb_array *arr = *PTR_AT(msg, ofs, const upb_array*);
+  if (arr) {
+    if (size) *size = arr->len;
+    return arr->data;
+  } else {
+    if (size) *size = 0;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void *_upb_array_mutable_accessor(void *msg, size_t ofs,
+                                             size_t *size) {
+  upb_array *arr = *PTR_AT(msg, ofs, upb_array*);
+  if (arr) {
+    if (size) *size = arr->len;
+    return arr->data;
+  } else {
+    if (size) *size = 0;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+/* TODO(haberman): this is a mess.  It will improve when upb_array no longer
+ * carries reflective state (type, elem_size). */
+UPB_INLINE void *_upb_array_resize_accessor(void *msg, size_t ofs, size_t size,
+                                            size_t elem_size,
+                                            upb_fieldtype_t type,
+                                            upb_arena *arena) {
+  upb_array *arr = *PTR_AT(msg, ofs, upb_array*);
+
+  if (!arr) {
+    arr = upb_array_new(arena);
+    if (!arr) return NULL;
+    *PTR_AT(msg, ofs, upb_array*) = arr;
+  }
+
+  if (size > arr->size) {
+    size_t new_size = UPB_MAX(arr->size, 4);
+    size_t old_bytes = arr->size * elem_size;
+    size_t new_bytes;
+    while (new_size < size) new_size *= 2;
+    new_bytes = new_size * elem_size;
+    arr->data = upb_arena_realloc(arena, arr->data, old_bytes, new_bytes);
+    if (!arr->data) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    arr->size = new_size;
+  }
+
+  arr->len = size;
+  return arr->data;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool _upb_array_append_accessor(void *msg, size_t ofs,
+                                           size_t elem_size,
+                                           upb_fieldtype_t type,
+                                           const void *value,
+                                           upb_arena *arena) {
+  upb_array *arr = *PTR_AT(msg, ofs, upb_array*);
+  size_t i = arr ? arr->len : 0;
+  void *data =
+      _upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, ofs, i + 1, elem_size, type, arena);
+  if (!data) return false;
+  memcpy(PTR_AT(data, i * elem_size, char), value, elem_size);
+  return true;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool _upb_has_field(const void *msg, size_t idx) {
+  return (*PTR_AT(msg, idx / 8, const char) & (1 << (idx % 8))) != 0;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool _upb_sethas(const void *msg, size_t idx) {
+  return (*PTR_AT(msg, idx / 8, char)) |= (char)(1 << (idx % 8));
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool _upb_clearhas(const void *msg, size_t idx) {
+  return (*PTR_AT(msg, idx / 8, char)) &= (char)(~(1 << (idx % 8)));
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool _upb_has_oneof_field(const void *msg, size_t case_ofs, int32_t num) {
+  return *PTR_AT(msg, case_ofs, int32_t) == num;
+}
+
+#undef PTR_AT
+
+
+#endif  /* UPB_GENERATED_UTIL_H_ */
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+struct google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet;
+struct google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange;
+struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange;
+struct google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange;
+struct google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_FileOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_MessageOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_FieldOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_OneofOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_EnumOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_ServiceOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_MethodOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption;
+struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart;
+struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo;
+struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location;
+struct google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo;
+struct google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto google_protobuf_DescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_FileOptions google_protobuf_FileOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_MessageOptions google_protobuf_MessageOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_FieldOptions google_protobuf_FieldOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_OneofOptions google_protobuf_OneofOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_EnumOptions google_protobuf_EnumOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_ServiceOptions google_protobuf_ServiceOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_MethodOptions google_protobuf_MethodOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FileOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_MessageOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FieldOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_OneofOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_MethodOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_msginit;
+
+typedef enum {
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_LABEL_OPTIONAL = 1,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_LABEL_REQUIRED = 2,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_LABEL_REPEATED = 3
+} google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_Label;
+
+typedef enum {
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_DOUBLE = 1,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_FLOAT = 2,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_INT64 = 3,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_UINT64 = 4,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_INT32 = 5,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_FIXED64 = 6,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_FIXED32 = 7,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_BOOL = 8,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_STRING = 9,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_GROUP = 10,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_MESSAGE = 11,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_BYTES = 12,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_UINT32 = 13,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_ENUM = 14,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_SINT32 = 17,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_SINT64 = 18
+} google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_Type;
+
+typedef enum {
+  google_protobuf_FieldOptions_STRING = 0,
+  google_protobuf_FieldOptions_CORD = 1,
+  google_protobuf_FieldOptions_STRING_PIECE = 2
+} google_protobuf_FieldOptions_CType;
+
+typedef enum {
+  google_protobuf_FieldOptions_JS_NORMAL = 0,
+  google_protobuf_FieldOptions_JS_STRING = 1,
+  google_protobuf_FieldOptions_JS_NUMBER = 2
+} google_protobuf_FieldOptions_JSType;
+
+typedef enum {
+  google_protobuf_FileOptions_SPEED = 1,
+  google_protobuf_FileOptions_CODE_SIZE = 2,
+  google_protobuf_FileOptions_LITE_RUNTIME = 3
+} google_protobuf_FileOptions_OptimizeMode;
+
+typedef enum {
+  google_protobuf_MethodOptions_IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN = 0,
+  google_protobuf_MethodOptions_NO_SIDE_EFFECTS = 1,
+  google_protobuf_MethodOptions_IDEMPOTENT = 2
+} google_protobuf_MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel;
+
+
+/* google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *ret = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_serialize(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_file(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_mutable_file(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_resize_file(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_add_file(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_package(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_package(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_dependency(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (upb_strview const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_message_type(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_enum_type(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_service(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(48, 96), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_extension(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(52, 104), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 4); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_FileOptions* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_FileOptions*, UPB_SIZE(28, 56)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_source_code_info(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 5); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_source_code_info(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo*, UPB_SIZE(32, 64)); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_public_dependency(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (int32_t const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 112), len); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_weak_dependency(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (int32_t const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(60, 120), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_syntax(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_syntax(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(20, 40)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_package(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), len, UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, &val, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_message_type(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_message_type(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_message_type(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_enum_type(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_enum_type(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_enum_type(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_service(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(48, 96), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_service(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(48, 96), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_service(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(48, 96), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_extension(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(52, 104), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_extension(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(52, 104), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_extension(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(52, 104), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_FileOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 4);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_FileOptions*, UPB_SIZE(28, 56)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_FileOptions* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_FileOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_FileOptions*)google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_FileOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FileOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_source_code_info(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 5);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo*, UPB_SIZE(32, 64)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_source_code_info(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo* sub = (struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo*)google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_source_code_info(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_source_code_info(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_public_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 112), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_public_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 112), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_public_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, int32_t val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 112), UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, &val, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_weak_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(60, 120), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_weak_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(60, 120), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_weak_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, int32_t val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(60, 120), UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, &val, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_syntax(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(20, 40)) = value;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.DescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_field(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_nested_type(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_enum_type(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_extension_range(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_extension(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(32, 64), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_MessageOptions* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_MessageOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_oneof_decl(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_reserved_range(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), len); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_reserved_name(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (upb_strview const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_field(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_field(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_field(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_nested_type(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_nested_type(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_nested_type(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_enum_type(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_enum_type(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_enum_type(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_extension_range(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_extension_range(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_extension_range(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* sub = (struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_extension(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(32, 64), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_extension(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(32, 64), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_extension(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(32, 64), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_MessageOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_MessageOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_MessageOptions* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_MessageOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_MessageOptions*)google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_MessageOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_MessageOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_oneof_decl(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_oneof_decl(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_oneof_decl(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_reserved_range(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_reserved_range(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_reserved_range(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* sub = (struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_reserved_name(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_reserved_name(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), len, UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_reserved_name(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, &val, arena);
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *ret = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_serialize(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_has_start(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_start(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_has_end(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_end(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_has_options(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_options(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 16)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_set_start(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_set_end(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_set_options(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg, google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 16)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_mutable_options(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions*)google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *ret = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_serialize(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_has_start(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_start(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_has_end(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_end(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_set_start(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_set_end(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *ret = google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 5); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(32, 32)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_extendee(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 6); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_extendee(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(40, 48)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_number(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_number(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_label(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_label(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_type(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_type(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_type_name(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 7); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_type_name(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(48, 64)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_default_value(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 8); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_default_value(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(56, 80)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 10); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_FieldOptions* google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_FieldOptions*, UPB_SIZE(72, 112)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_oneof_index(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 4); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_oneof_index(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(28, 28)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_json_name(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 9); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_json_name(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(64, 96)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 5);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(32, 32)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_extendee(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 6);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(40, 48)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_number(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_label(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_type(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_type_name(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 7);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(48, 64)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_default_value(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 8);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(56, 80)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_FieldOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 10);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_FieldOptions*, UPB_SIZE(72, 112)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_FieldOptions* google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_FieldOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_FieldOptions*)google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_FieldOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FieldOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_oneof_index(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 4);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(28, 28)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_json_name(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 9);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(64, 96)) = value;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_OneofOptions* google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_OneofOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_OneofOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_OneofOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_OneofOptions* google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_OneofOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_OneofOptions*)google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_OneofOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_OneofOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_value(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_EnumOptions* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_EnumOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* const* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_reserved_range(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview const* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_reserved_name(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (upb_strview const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_mutable_value(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_resize_value(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_add_value(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_EnumOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_EnumOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_EnumOptions* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_EnumOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumOptions*)google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange** google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_mutable_reserved_range(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange** google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_resize_reserved_range(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_add_reserved_range(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_mutable_reserved_name(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_resize_reserved_name(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len, UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_add_reserved_name(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, &val, arena);
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *ret = google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_serialize(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_has_start(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_start(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_has_end(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_end(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_set_start(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_set_end(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_has_number(const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_number(const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions* google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions*, UPB_SIZE(16, 24)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_set_number(google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions*, UPB_SIZE(16, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions* google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions*)google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_method(const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions* google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_mutable_method(google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_resize_method(google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_add_method(google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_ServiceOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_ServiceOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_ServiceOptions* google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_ServiceOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_ServiceOptions*)google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_ServiceOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_has_input_type(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 4); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_input_type(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_has_output_type(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 5); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_output_type(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(20, 40)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 6); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_MethodOptions* google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_MethodOptions*, UPB_SIZE(28, 56)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_has_client_streaming(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_client_streaming(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_has_server_streaming(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_server_streaming(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(2, 2)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_set_input_type(google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 4);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_set_output_type(google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 5);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(20, 40)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_MethodOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 6);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_MethodOptions*, UPB_SIZE(28, 56)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_MethodOptions* google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_MethodOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_MethodOptions*)google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_MethodOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_MethodOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_set_client_streaming(google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_set_server_streaming(google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(2, 2)) = value;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.FileOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileOptions *google_protobuf_FileOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FileOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FileOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileOptions *google_protobuf_FileOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_FileOptions *ret = google_protobuf_FileOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_FileOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_FileOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_FileOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_java_package(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 11); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_java_package(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(28, 32)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_java_outer_classname(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 12); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_java_outer_classname(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(36, 48)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_optimize_for(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_FileOptions_optimize_for(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_java_multiple_files(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_java_multiple_files(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_go_package(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 13); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_go_package(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(44, 64)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_cc_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_cc_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(17, 17)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_java_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 4); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_java_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(18, 18)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_py_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 5); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_py_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(19, 19)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 6); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_java_generate_equals_and_hash(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(20, 20)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_deprecated(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 7); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_deprecated(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(21, 21)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_java_string_check_utf8(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 8); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_java_string_check_utf8(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(22, 22)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_cc_enable_arenas(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 9); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_cc_enable_arenas(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(23, 23)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_objc_class_prefix(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 14); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_objc_class_prefix(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(52, 80)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_csharp_namespace(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 15); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_csharp_namespace(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(60, 96)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_swift_prefix(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 16); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_swift_prefix(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(68, 112)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_php_class_prefix(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 17); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_php_class_prefix(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(76, 128)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_php_namespace(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 18); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_php_namespace(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(84, 144)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_php_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 10); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_php_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_php_metadata_namespace(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 19); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_php_metadata_namespace(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(92, 160)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_ruby_package(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 20); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_ruby_package(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(100, 176)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_FileOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(108, 192), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_java_package(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 11);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(28, 32)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_java_outer_classname(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 12);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(36, 48)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_optimize_for(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_java_multiple_files(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_go_package(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 13);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(44, 64)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_cc_generic_services(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(17, 17)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_java_generic_services(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 4);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(18, 18)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_py_generic_services(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 5);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(19, 19)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_java_generate_equals_and_hash(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 6);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(20, 20)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_deprecated(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 7);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(21, 21)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_java_string_check_utf8(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 8);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(22, 22)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_cc_enable_arenas(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 9);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(23, 23)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_objc_class_prefix(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 14);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(52, 80)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_csharp_namespace(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 15);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(60, 96)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_swift_prefix(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 16);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(68, 112)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_php_class_prefix(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 17);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(76, 128)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_php_namespace(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 18);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(84, 144)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_php_generic_services(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 10);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_php_metadata_namespace(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 19);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(92, 160)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_ruby_package(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 20);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(100, 176)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_FileOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(108, 192), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_FileOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(108, 192), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_FileOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(108, 192), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.MessageOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MessageOptions *google_protobuf_MessageOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_MessageOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_MessageOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MessageOptions *google_protobuf_MessageOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_MessageOptions *ret = google_protobuf_MessageOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_MessageOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_MessageOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_MessageOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_has_message_set_wire_format(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_message_set_wire_format(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(2, 2)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_has_deprecated(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_deprecated(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(3, 3)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_has_map_entry(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 4); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_map_entry(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_MessageOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MessageOptions_set_message_set_wire_format(google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MessageOptions_set_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(2, 2)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MessageOptions_set_deprecated(google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(3, 3)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MessageOptions_set_map_entry(google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 4);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_MessageOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_MessageOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_MessageOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.FieldOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldOptions *google_protobuf_FieldOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FieldOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldOptions *google_protobuf_FieldOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_FieldOptions *ret = google_protobuf_FieldOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_FieldOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_FieldOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_FieldOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_has_ctype(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_FieldOptions_ctype(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_has_packed(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_packed(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_has_deprecated(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 4); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_deprecated(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(25, 25)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_has_lazy(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 5); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_lazy(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(26, 26)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_has_jstype(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_FieldOptions_jstype(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_has_weak(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 6); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_weak(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(27, 27)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_FieldOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 32), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldOptions_set_ctype(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldOptions_set_packed(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldOptions_set_deprecated(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 4);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(25, 25)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldOptions_set_lazy(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 5);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(26, 26)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldOptions_set_jstype(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldOptions_set_weak(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 6);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(27, 27)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_FieldOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 32), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_FieldOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 32), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_FieldOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 32), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.OneofOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_OneofOptions *google_protobuf_OneofOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_OneofOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_OneofOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_OneofOptions *google_protobuf_OneofOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_OneofOptions *ret = google_protobuf_OneofOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_OneofOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_OneofOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_OneofOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_OneofOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_OneofOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_OneofOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_OneofOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_OneofOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_OneofOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_OneofOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_OneofOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_OneofOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.EnumOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumOptions *google_protobuf_EnumOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumOptions *google_protobuf_EnumOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_EnumOptions *ret = google_protobuf_EnumOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_EnumOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_EnumOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_EnumOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumOptions_has_allow_alias(const google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumOptions_allow_alias(const google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumOptions_has_deprecated(const google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumOptions_deprecated(const google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(2, 2)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_EnumOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumOptions_set_allow_alias(google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumOptions_set_deprecated(google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(2, 2)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_EnumOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_EnumOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_EnumOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *ret = google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_has_deprecated(const google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_deprecated(const google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_set_deprecated(google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.ServiceOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *ret = google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_has_deprecated(const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_deprecated(const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_set_deprecated(google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.MethodOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MethodOptions *google_protobuf_MethodOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_MethodOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_MethodOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MethodOptions *google_protobuf_MethodOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_MethodOptions *ret = google_protobuf_MethodOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_MethodOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_MethodOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_MethodOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodOptions_has_deprecated(const google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodOptions_deprecated(const google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodOptions_has_idempotency_level(const google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_MethodOptions_idempotency_level(const google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_MethodOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 24), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodOptions_set_deprecated(google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodOptions_set_idempotency_level(google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_MethodOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 24), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_MethodOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 24), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_MethodOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 24), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *ret = google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_serialize(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart* const* google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_name(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 80), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_has_identifier_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 4); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_identifier_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(32, 32)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_has_positive_int_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE uint64_t google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_positive_int_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, uint64_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_has_negative_int_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE int64_t google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_negative_int_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int64_t, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_has_double_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE double google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_double_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, double, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_has_string_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 5); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_string_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(40, 48)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_has_aggregate_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 6); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_aggregate_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(48, 64)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart** google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_mutable_name(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 80), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart** google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_resize_name(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 80), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart* google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_add_name(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 80), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_set_identifier_value(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 4);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(32, 32)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_set_positive_int_value(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, uint64_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, uint64_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_set_negative_int_value(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, int64_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int64_t, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_set_double_value(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, double value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, double, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_set_string_value(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 5);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(40, 48)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_set_aggregate_value(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 6);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(48, 64)) = value;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *ret = google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_serialize(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_has_name_part(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_name_part(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_has_is_extension(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_is_extension(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_set_name_part(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_set_is_extension(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)) = value;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *ret = google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_serialize(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location* const* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_location(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location** google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_mutable_location(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location** google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_resize_location(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_add_location(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location* sub = (struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *ret = google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_serialize(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE int32_t const* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_path(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t *len) { return (int32_t const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t const* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_span(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t *len) { return (int32_t const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_has_leading_comments(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_leading_comments(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_has_trailing_comments(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_trailing_comments(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview const* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_leading_detached_comments(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t *len) { return (upb_strview const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_mutable_path(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_resize_path(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_add_path(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, int32_t val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, &val, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_mutable_span(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_resize_span(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_add_span(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, int32_t val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, &val, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_set_leading_comments(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_set_trailing_comments(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_mutable_leading_detached_comments(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_resize_leading_detached_comments(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), len, UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_add_leading_detached_comments(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, upb_strview val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, &val, arena);
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *ret = google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_serialize(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* const* google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_annotation(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation** google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_mutable_annotation(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation** google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_resize_annotation(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_add_annotation(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* sub = (struct google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *ret = google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_serialize(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE int32_t const* google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_path(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, size_t *len) { return (int32_t const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 32), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_has_source_file(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_source_file(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 16)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_has_begin(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_begin(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_has_end(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_end(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_mutable_path(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 32), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_resize_path(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 32), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_add_path(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, int32_t val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 32), UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, &val, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_set_source_file(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 16)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_set_begin(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_set_end(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+
+#endif  /* GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DESCRIPTOR_PROTO_UPB_H_ */
+/*
+** Defs are upb's internal representation of the constructs that can appear
+** in a .proto file:
+**
+** - upb::MessageDefPtr (upb_msgdef): describes a "message" construct.
+** - upb::FieldDefPtr (upb_fielddef): describes a message field.
+** - upb::FileDefPtr (upb_filedef): describes a .proto file and its defs.
+** - upb::EnumDefPtr (upb_enumdef): describes an enum.
+** - upb::OneofDefPtr (upb_oneofdef): describes a oneof.
+**
+** TODO: definitions of services.
+**
+** This is a mixed C/C++ interface that offers a full API to both languages.
+** See the top-level README for more information.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_DEF_H_
+#define UPB_DEF_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace upb {
+class EnumDefPtr;
+class FieldDefPtr;
+class FileDefPtr;
+class MessageDefPtr;
+class OneofDefPtr;
+class SymbolTable;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+struct upb_enumdef;
+typedef struct upb_enumdef upb_enumdef;
+struct upb_fielddef;
+typedef struct upb_fielddef upb_fielddef;
+struct upb_filedef;
+typedef struct upb_filedef upb_filedef;
+struct upb_msgdef;
+typedef struct upb_msgdef upb_msgdef;
+struct upb_oneofdef;
+typedef struct upb_oneofdef upb_oneofdef;
+struct upb_symtab;
+typedef struct upb_symtab upb_symtab;
+
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO2 = 2,
+  UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO3 = 3
+} upb_syntax_t;
+
+/* All the different kind of well known type messages. For simplicity of check,
+ * number wrappers and string wrappers are grouped together. Make sure the
+ * order and merber of these groups are not changed.
+ */
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP,
+  /* number wrappers */
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_DOUBLEVALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_FLOATVALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT64VALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT64VALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT32VALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT32VALUE,
+  /* string wrappers */
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRINGVALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_BYTESVALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRUCT
+} upb_wellknowntype_t;
+
+/* upb_fielddef ***************************************************************/
+
+/* Maximum field number allowed for FieldDefs.  This is an inherent limit of the
+ * protobuf wire format. */
+#define UPB_MAX_FIELDNUMBER ((1 << 29) - 1)
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+const char *upb_fielddef_fullname(const upb_fielddef *f);
+upb_fieldtype_t upb_fielddef_type(const upb_fielddef *f);
+upb_descriptortype_t upb_fielddef_descriptortype(const upb_fielddef *f);
+upb_label_t upb_fielddef_label(const upb_fielddef *f);
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_number(const upb_fielddef *f);
+const char *upb_fielddef_name(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_isextension(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_lazy(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_packed(const upb_fielddef *f);
+size_t upb_fielddef_getjsonname(const upb_fielddef *f, char *buf, size_t len);
+const upb_msgdef *upb_fielddef_containingtype(const upb_fielddef *f);
+const upb_oneofdef *upb_fielddef_containingoneof(const upb_fielddef *f);
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_index(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_issubmsg(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_isstring(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_isseq(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_isprimitive(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_ismap(const upb_fielddef *f);
+int64_t upb_fielddef_defaultint64(const upb_fielddef *f);
+int32_t upb_fielddef_defaultint32(const upb_fielddef *f);
+uint64_t upb_fielddef_defaultuint64(const upb_fielddef *f);
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_defaultuint32(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_defaultbool(const upb_fielddef *f);
+float upb_fielddef_defaultfloat(const upb_fielddef *f);
+double upb_fielddef_defaultdouble(const upb_fielddef *f);
+const char *upb_fielddef_defaultstr(const upb_fielddef *f, size_t *len);
+bool upb_fielddef_hassubdef(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_haspresence(const upb_fielddef *f);
+const upb_msgdef *upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(const upb_fielddef *f);
+const upb_enumdef *upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(const upb_fielddef *f);
+
+/* Internal only. */
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_selectorbase(const upb_fielddef *f);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* A upb_fielddef describes a single field in a message.  It is most often
+ * found as a part of a upb_msgdef, but can also stand alone to represent
+ * an extension. */
+class upb::FieldDefPtr {
+ public:
+  FieldDefPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  explicit FieldDefPtr(const upb_fielddef *ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_fielddef* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  typedef upb_fieldtype_t Type;
+  typedef upb_label_t Label;
+  typedef upb_descriptortype_t DescriptorType;
+
+  const char* full_name() const { return upb_fielddef_fullname(ptr_); }
+
+  Type type() const { return upb_fielddef_type(ptr_); }
+  Label label() const { return upb_fielddef_label(ptr_); }
+  const char* name() const { return upb_fielddef_name(ptr_); }
+  uint32_t number() const { return upb_fielddef_number(ptr_); }
+  bool is_extension() const { return upb_fielddef_isextension(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Copies the JSON name for this field into the given buffer.  Returns the
+   * actual size of the JSON name, including the NULL terminator.  If the
+   * return value is 0, the JSON name is unset.  If the return value is
+   * greater than len, the JSON name was truncated.  The buffer is always
+   * NULL-terminated if len > 0.
+   *
+   * The JSON name always defaults to a camelCased version of the regular
+   * name.  However if the regular name is unset, the JSON name will be unset
+   * also.
+   */
+  size_t GetJsonName(char *buf, size_t len) const {
+    return upb_fielddef_getjsonname(ptr_, buf, len);
+  }
+
+  /* Convenience version of the above function which copies the JSON name
+   * into the given string, returning false if the name is not set. */
+  template <class T>
+  bool GetJsonName(T* str) {
+    str->resize(GetJsonName(NULL, 0));
+    GetJsonName(&(*str)[0], str->size());
+    return str->size() > 0;
+  }
+
+  /* For UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE fields only where is_tag_delimited() == false,
+   * indicates whether this field should have lazy parsing handlers that yield
+   * the unparsed string for the submessage.
+   *
+   * TODO(haberman): I think we want to move this into a FieldOptions container
+   * when we add support for custom options (the FieldOptions struct will
+   * contain both regular FieldOptions like "lazy" *and* custom options). */
+  bool lazy() const { return upb_fielddef_lazy(ptr_); }
+
+  /* For non-string, non-submessage fields, this indicates whether binary
+   * protobufs are encoded in packed or non-packed format.
+   *
+   * TODO(haberman): see note above about putting options like this into a
+   * FieldOptions container. */
+  bool packed() const { return upb_fielddef_packed(ptr_); }
+
+  /* An integer that can be used as an index into an array of fields for
+   * whatever message this field belongs to.  Guaranteed to be less than
+   * f->containing_type()->field_count().  May only be accessed once the def has
+   * been finalized. */
+  uint32_t index() const { return upb_fielddef_index(ptr_); }
+
+  /* The MessageDef to which this field belongs.
+   *
+   * If this field has been added to a MessageDef, that message can be retrieved
+   * directly (this is always the case for frozen FieldDefs).
+   *
+   * If the field has not yet been added to a MessageDef, you can set the name
+   * of the containing type symbolically instead.  This is mostly useful for
+   * extensions, where the extension is declared separately from the message. */
+  MessageDefPtr containing_type() const;
+
+  /* The OneofDef to which this field belongs, or NULL if this field is not part
+   * of a oneof. */
+  OneofDefPtr containing_oneof() const;
+
+  /* The field's type according to the enum in descriptor.proto.  This is not
+   * the same as UPB_TYPE_*, because it distinguishes between (for example)
+   * INT32 and SINT32, whereas our "type" enum does not.  This return of
+   * descriptor_type() is a function of type(), integer_format(), and
+   * is_tag_delimited().  */
+  DescriptorType descriptor_type() const {
+    return upb_fielddef_descriptortype(ptr_);
+  }
+
+  /* Convenient field type tests. */
+  bool IsSubMessage() const { return upb_fielddef_issubmsg(ptr_); }
+  bool IsString() const { return upb_fielddef_isstring(ptr_); }
+  bool IsSequence() const { return upb_fielddef_isseq(ptr_); }
+  bool IsPrimitive() const { return upb_fielddef_isprimitive(ptr_); }
+  bool IsMap() const { return upb_fielddef_ismap(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Returns the non-string default value for this fielddef, which may either
+   * be something the client set explicitly or the "default default" (0 for
+   * numbers, empty for strings).  The field's type indicates the type of the
+   * returned value, except for enum fields that are still mutable.
+   *
+   * Requires that the given function matches the field's current type. */
+  int64_t default_int64() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultint64(ptr_); }
+  int32_t default_int32() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultint32(ptr_); }
+  uint64_t default_uint64() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultuint64(ptr_); }
+  uint32_t default_uint32() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultuint32(ptr_); }
+  bool default_bool() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultbool(ptr_); }
+  float default_float() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultfloat(ptr_); }
+  double default_double() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultdouble(ptr_); }
+
+  /* The resulting string is always NULL-terminated.  If non-NULL, the length
+   * will be stored in *len. */
+  const char *default_string(size_t * len) const {
+    return upb_fielddef_defaultstr(ptr_, len);
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the enum or submessage def for this field, if any.  The field's
+   * type must match (ie. you may only call enum_subdef() for fields where
+   * type() == UPB_TYPE_ENUM). */
+  EnumDefPtr enum_subdef() const;
+  MessageDefPtr message_subdef() const;
+
+ private:
+  const upb_fielddef *ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_oneofdef ***************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef upb_inttable_iter upb_oneof_iter;
+
+const char *upb_oneofdef_name(const upb_oneofdef *o);
+const upb_msgdef *upb_oneofdef_containingtype(const upb_oneofdef *o);
+int upb_oneofdef_numfields(const upb_oneofdef *o);
+uint32_t upb_oneofdef_index(const upb_oneofdef *o);
+
+/* Oneof lookups:
+ * - ntof:  look up a field by name.
+ * - ntofz: look up a field by name (as a null-terminated string).
+ * - itof:  look up a field by number. */
+const upb_fielddef *upb_oneofdef_ntof(const upb_oneofdef *o,
+                                      const char *name, size_t length);
+UPB_INLINE const upb_fielddef *upb_oneofdef_ntofz(const upb_oneofdef *o,
+                                                  const char *name) {
+  return upb_oneofdef_ntof(o, name, strlen(name));
+}
+const upb_fielddef *upb_oneofdef_itof(const upb_oneofdef *o, uint32_t num);
+
+/*  upb_oneof_iter i;
+ *  for(upb_oneof_begin(&i, e); !upb_oneof_done(&i); upb_oneof_next(&i)) {
+ *    // ...
+ *  }
+ */
+void upb_oneof_begin(upb_oneof_iter *iter, const upb_oneofdef *o);
+void upb_oneof_next(upb_oneof_iter *iter);
+bool upb_oneof_done(upb_oneof_iter *iter);
+upb_fielddef *upb_oneof_iter_field(const upb_oneof_iter *iter);
+void upb_oneof_iter_setdone(upb_oneof_iter *iter);
+bool upb_oneof_iter_isequal(const upb_oneof_iter *iter1,
+                            const upb_oneof_iter *iter2);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* Class that represents a oneof. */
+class upb::OneofDefPtr {
+ public:
+  OneofDefPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  explicit OneofDefPtr(const upb_oneofdef *ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_oneofdef* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  /* Returns the MessageDef that owns this OneofDef. */
+  MessageDefPtr containing_type() const;
+
+  /* Returns the name of this oneof. This is the name used to look up the oneof
+   * by name once added to a message def. */
+  const char* name() const { return upb_oneofdef_name(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Returns the number of fields currently defined in the oneof. */
+  int field_count() const { return upb_oneofdef_numfields(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Looks up by name. */
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const char *name, size_t len) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_oneofdef_ntof(ptr_, name, len));
+  }
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const char* name) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_oneofdef_ntofz(ptr_, name));
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const T& str) const {
+    return FindFieldByName(str.c_str(), str.size());
+  }
+
+  /* Looks up by tag number. */
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByNumber(uint32_t num) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_oneofdef_itof(ptr_, num));
+  }
+
+  class const_iterator
+      : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, FieldDefPtr> {
+   public:
+    void operator++() { upb_oneof_next(&iter_); }
+
+    FieldDefPtr operator*() const {
+      return FieldDefPtr(upb_oneof_iter_field(&iter_));
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const const_iterator& other) const {
+      return !upb_oneof_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const const_iterator& other) const {
+      return upb_oneof_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    friend class OneofDefPtr;
+
+    const_iterator() {}
+    explicit const_iterator(OneofDefPtr o) {
+      upb_oneof_begin(&iter_, o.ptr());
+    }
+    static const_iterator end() {
+      const_iterator iter;
+      upb_oneof_iter_setdone(&iter.iter_);
+      return iter;
+    }
+
+    upb_oneof_iter iter_;
+  };
+
+  const_iterator begin() const { return const_iterator(*this); }
+  const_iterator end() const { return const_iterator::end(); }
+
+ private:
+  const upb_oneofdef *ptr_;
+};
+
+inline upb::OneofDefPtr upb::FieldDefPtr::containing_oneof() const {
+  return OneofDefPtr(upb_fielddef_containingoneof(ptr_));
+}
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_msgdef *****************************************************************/
+
+typedef upb_inttable_iter upb_msg_field_iter;
+typedef upb_strtable_iter upb_msg_oneof_iter;
+
+/* Well-known field tag numbers for map-entry messages. */
+#define UPB_MAPENTRY_KEY   1
+#define UPB_MAPENTRY_VALUE 2
+
+/* Well-known field tag numbers for Any messages. */
+#define UPB_ANY_TYPE 1
+#define UPB_ANY_VALUE 2
+
+/* Well-known field tag numbers for timestamp messages. */
+#define UPB_DURATION_SECONDS 1
+#define UPB_DURATION_NANOS 2
+
+/* Well-known field tag numbers for duration messages. */
+#define UPB_TIMESTAMP_SECONDS 1
+#define UPB_TIMESTAMP_NANOS 2
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+const char *upb_msgdef_fullname(const upb_msgdef *m);
+const upb_filedef *upb_msgdef_file(const upb_msgdef *m);
+const char *upb_msgdef_name(const upb_msgdef *m);
+int upb_msgdef_numoneofs(const upb_msgdef *m);
+upb_syntax_t upb_msgdef_syntax(const upb_msgdef *m);
+bool upb_msgdef_mapentry(const upb_msgdef *m);
+upb_wellknowntype_t upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(const upb_msgdef *m);
+bool upb_msgdef_isnumberwrapper(const upb_msgdef *m);
+bool upb_msgdef_setsyntax(upb_msgdef *m, upb_syntax_t syntax);
+const upb_fielddef *upb_msgdef_itof(const upb_msgdef *m, uint32_t i);
+const upb_fielddef *upb_msgdef_ntof(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name,
+                                    size_t len);
+const upb_oneofdef *upb_msgdef_ntoo(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name,
+                                    size_t len);
+int upb_msgdef_numfields(const upb_msgdef *m);
+int upb_msgdef_numoneofs(const upb_msgdef *m);
+
+UPB_INLINE const upb_oneofdef *upb_msgdef_ntooz(const upb_msgdef *m,
+                                               const char *name) {
+  return upb_msgdef_ntoo(m, name, strlen(name));
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const upb_fielddef *upb_msgdef_ntofz(const upb_msgdef *m,
+                                                const char *name) {
+  return upb_msgdef_ntof(m, name, strlen(name));
+}
+
+/* Internal-only. */
+size_t upb_msgdef_selectorcount(const upb_msgdef *m);
+uint32_t upb_msgdef_submsgfieldcount(const upb_msgdef *m);
+
+/* Lookup of either field or oneof by name.  Returns whether either was found.
+ * If the return is true, then the found def will be set, and the non-found
+ * one set to NULL. */
+bool upb_msgdef_lookupname(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name, size_t len,
+                           const upb_fielddef **f, const upb_oneofdef **o);
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_msgdef_lookupnamez(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name,
+                                       const upb_fielddef **f,
+                                       const upb_oneofdef **o) {
+  return upb_msgdef_lookupname(m, name, strlen(name), f, o);
+}
+
+/* Iteration over fields and oneofs.  For example:
+ *
+ * upb_msg_field_iter i;
+ * for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, m);
+ *     !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+ *     upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+ *   upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+ *   // ...
+ * }
+ *
+ * For C we don't have separate iterators for const and non-const.
+ * It is the caller's responsibility to cast the upb_fielddef* to
+ * const if the upb_msgdef* is const. */
+void upb_msg_field_begin(upb_msg_field_iter *iter, const upb_msgdef *m);
+void upb_msg_field_next(upb_msg_field_iter *iter);
+bool upb_msg_field_done(const upb_msg_field_iter *iter);
+upb_fielddef *upb_msg_iter_field(const upb_msg_field_iter *iter);
+void upb_msg_field_iter_setdone(upb_msg_field_iter *iter);
+bool upb_msg_field_iter_isequal(const upb_msg_field_iter * iter1,
+                                const upb_msg_field_iter * iter2);
+
+/* Similar to above, we also support iterating through the oneofs in a
+ * msgdef. */
+void upb_msg_oneof_begin(upb_msg_oneof_iter * iter, const upb_msgdef *m);
+void upb_msg_oneof_next(upb_msg_oneof_iter * iter);
+bool upb_msg_oneof_done(const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter);
+const upb_oneofdef *upb_msg_iter_oneof(const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter);
+void upb_msg_oneof_iter_setdone(upb_msg_oneof_iter * iter);
+bool upb_msg_oneof_iter_isequal(const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter1,
+                                const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter2);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* Structure that describes a single .proto message type. */
+class upb::MessageDefPtr {
+ public:
+  MessageDefPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  explicit MessageDefPtr(const upb_msgdef *ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_msgdef *ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  const char* full_name() const { return upb_msgdef_fullname(ptr_); }
+  const char* name() const { return upb_msgdef_name(ptr_); }
+
+  /* The number of fields that belong to the MessageDef. */
+  int field_count() const { return upb_msgdef_numfields(ptr_); }
+
+  /* The number of oneofs that belong to the MessageDef. */
+  int oneof_count() const { return upb_msgdef_numoneofs(ptr_); }
+
+  upb_syntax_t syntax() const { return upb_msgdef_syntax(ptr_); }
+
+  /* These return null pointers if the field is not found. */
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByNumber(uint32_t number) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_msgdef_itof(ptr_, number));
+  }
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const char* name, size_t len) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_msgdef_ntof(ptr_, name, len));
+  }
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const char *name) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_msgdef_ntofz(ptr_, name));
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const T& str) const {
+    return FindFieldByName(str.c_str(), str.size());
+  }
+
+  OneofDefPtr FindOneofByName(const char* name, size_t len) const {
+    return OneofDefPtr(upb_msgdef_ntoo(ptr_, name, len));
+  }
+
+  OneofDefPtr FindOneofByName(const char *name) const {
+    return OneofDefPtr(upb_msgdef_ntooz(ptr_, name));
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  OneofDefPtr FindOneofByName(const T &str) const {
+    return FindOneofByName(str.c_str(), str.size());
+  }
+
+  /* Is this message a map entry? */
+  bool mapentry() const { return upb_msgdef_mapentry(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Return the type of well known type message. UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED for
+   * non-well-known message. */
+  upb_wellknowntype_t wellknowntype() const {
+    return upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(ptr_);
+  }
+
+  /* Whether is a number wrapper. */
+  bool isnumberwrapper() const { return upb_msgdef_isnumberwrapper(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Iteration over fields.  The order is undefined. */
+  class const_field_iterator
+      : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, FieldDefPtr> {
+   public:
+    void operator++() { upb_msg_field_next(&iter_); }
+
+    FieldDefPtr operator*() const {
+      return FieldDefPtr(upb_msg_iter_field(&iter_));
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const const_field_iterator &other) const {
+      return !upb_msg_field_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const const_field_iterator &other) const {
+      return upb_msg_field_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    friend class MessageDefPtr;
+
+    explicit const_field_iterator() {}
+
+    explicit const_field_iterator(MessageDefPtr msg) {
+      upb_msg_field_begin(&iter_, msg.ptr());
+    }
+
+    static const_field_iterator end() {
+      const_field_iterator iter;
+      upb_msg_field_iter_setdone(&iter.iter_);
+      return iter;
+    }
+
+    upb_msg_field_iter iter_;
+  };
+
+  /* Iteration over oneofs. The order is undefined. */
+  class const_oneof_iterator
+      : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, OneofDefPtr> {
+   public:
+
+    void operator++() { upb_msg_oneof_next(&iter_); }
+
+    OneofDefPtr operator*() const {
+      return OneofDefPtr(upb_msg_iter_oneof(&iter_));
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const const_oneof_iterator& other) const {
+      return !upb_msg_oneof_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const const_oneof_iterator &other) const {
+      return upb_msg_oneof_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    friend class MessageDefPtr;
+
+    const_oneof_iterator() {}
+
+    explicit const_oneof_iterator(MessageDefPtr msg) {
+      upb_msg_oneof_begin(&iter_, msg.ptr());
+    }
+
+    static const_oneof_iterator end() {
+      const_oneof_iterator iter;
+      upb_msg_oneof_iter_setdone(&iter.iter_);
+      return iter;
+    }
+
+    upb_msg_oneof_iter iter_;
+  };
+
+  class ConstFieldAccessor {
+   public:
+    explicit ConstFieldAccessor(const upb_msgdef* md) : md_(md) {}
+    const_field_iterator begin() { return MessageDefPtr(md_).field_begin(); }
+    const_field_iterator end() { return MessageDefPtr(md_).field_end(); }
+   private:
+    const upb_msgdef* md_;
+  };
+
+  class ConstOneofAccessor {
+   public:
+    explicit ConstOneofAccessor(const upb_msgdef* md) : md_(md) {}
+    const_oneof_iterator begin() { return MessageDefPtr(md_).oneof_begin(); }
+    const_oneof_iterator end() { return MessageDefPtr(md_).oneof_end(); }
+   private:
+    const upb_msgdef* md_;
+  };
+
+  const_field_iterator field_begin() const {
+    return const_field_iterator(*this);
+  }
+
+  const_field_iterator field_end() const { return const_field_iterator::end(); }
+
+  const_oneof_iterator oneof_begin() const {
+    return const_oneof_iterator(*this);
+  }
+
+  const_oneof_iterator oneof_end() const { return const_oneof_iterator::end(); }
+
+  ConstFieldAccessor fields() const { return ConstFieldAccessor(ptr()); }
+  ConstOneofAccessor oneofs() const { return ConstOneofAccessor(ptr()); }
+
+ private:
+  const upb_msgdef* ptr_;
+};
+
+inline upb::MessageDefPtr upb::FieldDefPtr::message_subdef() const {
+  return MessageDefPtr(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(ptr_));
+}
+
+inline upb::MessageDefPtr upb::FieldDefPtr::containing_type() const {
+  return MessageDefPtr(upb_fielddef_containingtype(ptr_));
+}
+
+inline upb::MessageDefPtr upb::OneofDefPtr::containing_type() const {
+  return MessageDefPtr(upb_oneofdef_containingtype(ptr_));
+}
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_enumdef ****************************************************************/
+
+typedef upb_strtable_iter upb_enum_iter;
+
+const char *upb_enumdef_fullname(const upb_enumdef *e);
+const char *upb_enumdef_name(const upb_enumdef *e);
+const upb_filedef *upb_enumdef_file(const upb_enumdef *e);
+int32_t upb_enumdef_default(const upb_enumdef *e);
+int upb_enumdef_numvals(const upb_enumdef *e);
+
+/* Enum lookups:
+ * - ntoi:  look up a name with specified length.
+ * - ntoiz: look up a name provided as a null-terminated string.
+ * - iton:  look up an integer, returning the name as a null-terminated
+ *          string. */
+bool upb_enumdef_ntoi(const upb_enumdef *e, const char *name, size_t len,
+                      int32_t *num);
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_enumdef_ntoiz(const upb_enumdef *e,
+                                  const char *name, int32_t *num) {
+  return upb_enumdef_ntoi(e, name, strlen(name), num);
+}
+const char *upb_enumdef_iton(const upb_enumdef *e, int32_t num);
+
+/*  upb_enum_iter i;
+ *  for(upb_enum_begin(&i, e); !upb_enum_done(&i); upb_enum_next(&i)) {
+ *    // ...
+ *  }
+ */
+void upb_enum_begin(upb_enum_iter *iter, const upb_enumdef *e);
+void upb_enum_next(upb_enum_iter *iter);
+bool upb_enum_done(upb_enum_iter *iter);
+const char *upb_enum_iter_name(upb_enum_iter *iter);
+int32_t upb_enum_iter_number(upb_enum_iter *iter);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+class upb::EnumDefPtr {
+ public:
+  EnumDefPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  explicit EnumDefPtr(const upb_enumdef* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_enumdef* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  const char* full_name() const { return upb_enumdef_fullname(ptr_); }
+  const char* name() const { return upb_enumdef_name(ptr_); }
+
+  /* The value that is used as the default when no field default is specified.
+   * If not set explicitly, the first value that was added will be used.
+   * The default value must be a member of the enum.
+   * Requires that value_count() > 0. */
+  int32_t default_value() const { return upb_enumdef_default(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Returns the number of values currently defined in the enum.  Note that
+   * multiple names can refer to the same number, so this may be greater than
+   * the total number of unique numbers. */
+  int value_count() const { return upb_enumdef_numvals(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Lookups from name to integer, returning true if found. */
+  bool FindValueByName(const char *name, int32_t *num) const {
+    return upb_enumdef_ntoiz(ptr_, name, num);
+  }
+
+  /* Finds the name corresponding to the given number, or NULL if none was
+   * found.  If more than one name corresponds to this number, returns the
+   * first one that was added. */
+  const char *FindValueByNumber(int32_t num) const {
+    return upb_enumdef_iton(ptr_, num);
+  }
+
+  /* Iteration over name/value pairs.  The order is undefined.
+   * Adding an enum val invalidates any iterators.
+   *
+   * TODO: make compatible with range-for, with elements as pairs? */
+  class Iterator {
+   public:
+    explicit Iterator(EnumDefPtr e) { upb_enum_begin(&iter_, e.ptr()); }
+
+    int32_t number() { return upb_enum_iter_number(&iter_); }
+    const char *name() { return upb_enum_iter_name(&iter_); }
+    bool Done() { return upb_enum_done(&iter_); }
+    void Next() { return upb_enum_next(&iter_); }
+
+   private:
+    upb_enum_iter iter_;
+  };
+
+ private:
+  const upb_enumdef *ptr_;
+};
+
+inline upb::EnumDefPtr upb::FieldDefPtr::enum_subdef() const {
+  return EnumDefPtr(upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(ptr_));
+}
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_filedef ****************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+const char *upb_filedef_name(const upb_filedef *f);
+const char *upb_filedef_package(const upb_filedef *f);
+const char *upb_filedef_phpprefix(const upb_filedef *f);
+const char *upb_filedef_phpnamespace(const upb_filedef *f);
+upb_syntax_t upb_filedef_syntax(const upb_filedef *f);
+int upb_filedef_depcount(const upb_filedef *f);
+int upb_filedef_msgcount(const upb_filedef *f);
+int upb_filedef_enumcount(const upb_filedef *f);
+const upb_filedef *upb_filedef_dep(const upb_filedef *f, int i);
+const upb_msgdef *upb_filedef_msg(const upb_filedef *f, int i);
+const upb_enumdef *upb_filedef_enum(const upb_filedef *f, int i);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* Class that represents a .proto file with some things defined in it.
+ *
+ * Many users won't care about FileDefs, but they are necessary if you want to
+ * read the values of file-level options. */
+class upb::FileDefPtr {
+ public:
+  explicit FileDefPtr(const upb_filedef *ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_filedef* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  /* Get/set name of the file (eg. "foo/bar.proto"). */
+  const char* name() const { return upb_filedef_name(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Package name for definitions inside the file (eg. "foo.bar"). */
+  const char* package() const { return upb_filedef_package(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Sets the php class prefix which is prepended to all php generated classes
+   * from this .proto. Default is empty. */
+  const char* phpprefix() const { return upb_filedef_phpprefix(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Use this option to change the namespace of php generated classes. Default
+   * is empty. When this option is empty, the package name will be used for
+   * determining the namespace. */
+  const char* phpnamespace() const { return upb_filedef_phpnamespace(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Syntax for the file.  Defaults to proto2. */
+  upb_syntax_t syntax() const { return upb_filedef_syntax(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Get the list of dependencies from the file.  These are returned in the
+   * order that they were added to the FileDefPtr. */
+  int dependency_count() const { return upb_filedef_depcount(ptr_); }
+  const FileDefPtr dependency(int index) const {
+    return FileDefPtr(upb_filedef_dep(ptr_, index));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const upb_filedef* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_symtab *****************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+upb_symtab *upb_symtab_new(void);
+void upb_symtab_free(upb_symtab* s);
+const upb_msgdef *upb_symtab_lookupmsg(const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym);
+const upb_msgdef *upb_symtab_lookupmsg2(
+    const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym, size_t len);
+const upb_enumdef *upb_symtab_lookupenum(const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym);
+const upb_filedef *upb_symtab_lookupfile(const upb_symtab *s, const char *name);
+const upb_filedef *upb_symtab_lookupfile2(
+    const upb_symtab *s, const char *name, size_t len);
+int upb_symtab_filecount(const upb_symtab *s);
+const upb_filedef *upb_symtab_addfile(
+    upb_symtab *s, const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *file,
+    upb_status *status);
+
+/* For generated code only: loads a generated descriptor. */
+typedef struct upb_def_init {
+  struct upb_def_init **deps;
+  const char *filename;
+  upb_strview descriptor;
+} upb_def_init;
+
+bool _upb_symtab_loaddefinit(upb_symtab *s, const upb_def_init *init);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* Non-const methods in upb::SymbolTable are NOT thread-safe. */
+class upb::SymbolTable {
+ public:
+  SymbolTable() : ptr_(upb_symtab_new(), upb_symtab_free) {}
+  explicit SymbolTable(upb_symtab* s) : ptr_(s, upb_symtab_free) {}
+
+  const upb_symtab* ptr() const { return ptr_.get(); }
+  upb_symtab* ptr() { return ptr_.get(); }
+
+  /* Finds an entry in the symbol table with this exact name.  If not found,
+   * returns NULL. */
+  MessageDefPtr LookupMessage(const char *sym) const {
+    return MessageDefPtr(upb_symtab_lookupmsg(ptr_.get(), sym));
+  }
+
+  EnumDefPtr LookupEnum(const char *sym) const {
+    return EnumDefPtr(upb_symtab_lookupenum(ptr_.get(), sym));
+  }
+
+  FileDefPtr LookupFile(const char *name) const {
+    return FileDefPtr(upb_symtab_lookupfile(ptr_.get(), name));
+  }
+
+  /* TODO: iteration? */
+
+  /* Adds the given serialized FileDescriptorProto to the pool. */
+  FileDefPtr AddFile(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *file_proto,
+                     Status *status) {
+    return FileDefPtr(
+        upb_symtab_addfile(ptr_.get(), file_proto, status->ptr()));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<upb_symtab, decltype(&upb_symtab_free)> ptr_;
+};
+
+UPB_INLINE const char* upb_safecstr(const std::string& str) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(str.size() == std::strlen(str.c_str()));
+  return str.c_str();
+}
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+#endif /* UPB_DEF_H_ */
+
+
+#ifndef UPB_MSGFACTORY_H_
+#define UPB_MSGFACTORY_H_
+
+/** upb_msgfactory ************************************************************/
+
+struct upb_msgfactory;
+typedef struct upb_msgfactory upb_msgfactory;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* A upb_msgfactory contains a cache of upb_msglayout, upb_handlers, and
+ * upb_visitorplan objects.  These are the objects necessary to represent,
+ * populate, and and visit upb_msg objects.
+ *
+ * These caches are all populated by upb_msgdef, and lazily created on demand.
+ */
+
+/* Creates and destroys a msgfactory, respectively.  The messages for this
+ * msgfactory must come from |symtab| (which should outlive the msgfactory). */
+upb_msgfactory *upb_msgfactory_new(const upb_symtab *symtab);
+void upb_msgfactory_free(upb_msgfactory *f);
+
+const upb_symtab *upb_msgfactory_symtab(const upb_msgfactory *f);
+
+/* The functions to get cached objects, lazily creating them on demand.  These
+ * all require:
+ *
+ * - m is in upb_msgfactory_symtab(f)
+ * - upb_msgdef_mapentry(m) == false (since map messages can't have layouts).
+ *
+ * The returned objects will live for as long as the msgfactory does.
+ *
+ * TODO(haberman): consider making this thread-safe and take a const
+ * upb_msgfactory. */
+const upb_msglayout *upb_msgfactory_getlayout(upb_msgfactory *f,
+                                              const upb_msgdef *m);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif /* UPB_MSGFACTORY_H_ */
+/*
+** upb::Handlers (upb_handlers)
+**
+** A upb_handlers is like a virtual table for a upb_msgdef.  Each field of the
+** message can have associated functions that will be called when we are
+** parsing or visiting a stream of data.  This is similar to how handlers work
+** in SAX (the Simple API for XML).
+**
+** The handlers have no idea where the data is coming from, so a single set of
+** handlers could be used with two completely different data sources (for
+** example, a parser and a visitor over in-memory objects).  This decoupling is
+** the most important feature of upb, because it allows parsers and serializers
+** to be highly reusable.
+**
+** This is a mixed C/C++ interface that offers a full API to both languages.
+** See the top-level README for more information.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_HANDLERS_H
+#define UPB_HANDLERS_H
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace upb {
+class HandlersPtr;
+class HandlerCache;
+template <class T> class Handler;
+template <class T> struct CanonicalType;
+}  /* namespace upb */
+#endif
+
+
+/* The maximum depth that the handler graph can have.  This is a resource limit
+ * for the C stack since we sometimes need to recursively traverse the graph.
+ * Cycles are ok; the traversal will stop when it detects a cycle, but we must
+ * hit the cycle before the maximum depth is reached.
+ *
+ * If having a single static limit is too inflexible, we can add another variant
+ * of Handlers::Freeze that allows specifying this as a parameter. */
+#define UPB_MAX_HANDLER_DEPTH 64
+
+/* All the different types of handlers that can be registered.
+ * Only needed for the advanced functions in upb::Handlers. */
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_HANDLER_INT32,
+  UPB_HANDLER_INT64,
+  UPB_HANDLER_UINT32,
+  UPB_HANDLER_UINT64,
+  UPB_HANDLER_FLOAT,
+  UPB_HANDLER_DOUBLE,
+  UPB_HANDLER_BOOL,
+  UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR,
+  UPB_HANDLER_STRING,
+  UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR,
+  UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG,
+  UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG,
+  UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ,
+  UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ
+} upb_handlertype_t;
+
+#define UPB_HANDLER_MAX (UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ+1)
+
+#define UPB_BREAK NULL
+
+/* A convenient definition for when no closure is needed. */
+extern char _upb_noclosure;
+#define UPB_NO_CLOSURE &_upb_noclosure
+
+/* A selector refers to a specific field handler in the Handlers object
+ * (for example: the STARTSUBMSG handler for field "field15"). */
+typedef int32_t upb_selector_t;
+
+/* Static selectors for upb::Handlers. */
+#define UPB_STARTMSG_SELECTOR 0
+#define UPB_ENDMSG_SELECTOR 1
+#define UPB_UNKNOWN_SELECTOR 2
+#define UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT 3  /* Warning: also in upb/def.c. */
+
+/* Static selectors for upb::BytesHandler. */
+#define UPB_STARTSTR_SELECTOR 0
+#define UPB_STRING_SELECTOR 1
+#define UPB_ENDSTR_SELECTOR 2
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+template<class T> const void *UniquePtrForType() {
+  static const char ch = 0;
+  return &ch;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* upb_handlers ************************************************************/
+
+/* Handler attributes, to be registered with the handler itself. */
+typedef struct {
+  const void *handler_data;
+  const void *closure_type;
+  const void *return_closure_type;
+  bool alwaysok;
+} upb_handlerattr;
+
+#define UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT {NULL, NULL, NULL, false}
+
+/* Bufhandle, data passed along with a buffer to indicate its provenance. */
+typedef struct {
+  /* The beginning of the buffer.  This may be different than the pointer
+   * passed to a StringBuf handler because the handler may receive data
+   * that is from the middle or end of a larger buffer. */
+  const char *buf;
+
+  /* The offset within the attached object where this buffer begins.  Only
+   * meaningful if there is an attached object. */
+  size_t objofs;
+
+  /* The attached object (if any) and a pointer representing its type. */
+  const void *obj;
+  const void *objtype;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+  template <class T>
+  void SetAttachedObject(const T* _obj) {
+    obj = _obj;
+    objtype = UniquePtrForType<T>();
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  const T *GetAttachedObject() const {
+    return objtype == UniquePtrForType<T>() ? static_cast<const T *>(obj)
+                                            : NULL;
+  }
+#endif
+} upb_bufhandle;
+
+#define UPB_BUFHANDLE_INIT {NULL, 0, NULL, NULL}
+
+/* Handler function typedefs. */
+typedef void upb_handlerfree(void *d);
+typedef bool upb_unknown_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, const char *buf,
+                                     size_t n);
+typedef bool upb_startmsg_handlerfunc(void *c, const void*);
+typedef bool upb_endmsg_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *, upb_status *status);
+typedef void* upb_startfield_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd);
+typedef bool upb_endfield_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd);
+typedef bool upb_int32_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, int32_t val);
+typedef bool upb_int64_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, int64_t val);
+typedef bool upb_uint32_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, uint32_t val);
+typedef bool upb_uint64_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, uint64_t val);
+typedef bool upb_float_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, float val);
+typedef bool upb_double_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, double val);
+typedef bool upb_bool_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, bool val);
+typedef void *upb_startstr_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd,
+                                       size_t size_hint);
+typedef size_t upb_string_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, const char *buf,
+                                      size_t n, const upb_bufhandle* handle);
+
+struct upb_handlers;
+typedef struct upb_handlers upb_handlers;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Mutating accessors. */
+const upb_status *upb_handlers_status(upb_handlers *h);
+void upb_handlers_clearerr(upb_handlers *h);
+const upb_msgdef *upb_handlers_msgdef(const upb_handlers *h);
+bool upb_handlers_addcleanup(upb_handlers *h, void *p, upb_handlerfree *hfree);
+bool upb_handlers_setunknown(upb_handlers *h, upb_unknown_handlerfunc *func,
+                             const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setstartmsg(upb_handlers *h, upb_startmsg_handlerfunc *func,
+                              const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setendmsg(upb_handlers *h, upb_endmsg_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setint32(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                           upb_int32_handlerfunc *func,
+                           const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setint64(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                           upb_int64_handlerfunc *func,
+                           const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setuint32(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                            upb_uint32_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setuint64(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                            upb_uint64_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setfloat(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                           upb_float_handlerfunc *func,
+                           const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setdouble(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                            upb_double_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setbool(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                          upb_bool_handlerfunc *func,
+                          const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setstartstr(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                              upb_startstr_handlerfunc *func,
+                              const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setstring(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                            upb_string_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setendstr(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                            upb_endfield_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setstartseq(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                              upb_startfield_handlerfunc *func,
+                              const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                 upb_startfield_handlerfunc *func,
+                                 const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                               upb_endfield_handlerfunc *func,
+                               const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setendseq(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                            upb_endfield_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+
+/* Read-only accessors. */
+const upb_handlers *upb_handlers_getsubhandlers(const upb_handlers *h,
+                                                const upb_fielddef *f);
+const upb_handlers *upb_handlers_getsubhandlers_sel(const upb_handlers *h,
+                                                    upb_selector_t sel);
+upb_func *upb_handlers_gethandler(const upb_handlers *h, upb_selector_t s,
+                                  const void **handler_data);
+bool upb_handlers_getattr(const upb_handlers *h, upb_selector_t s,
+                          upb_handlerattr *attr);
+
+/* "Static" methods */
+upb_handlertype_t upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_handlers_getselector(const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type,
+                              upb_selector_t *s);
+UPB_INLINE upb_selector_t upb_handlers_getendselector(upb_selector_t start) {
+  return start + 1;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+namespace upb {
+typedef upb_handlers Handlers;
+}
+
+/* Convenience macros for creating a Handler object that is wrapped with a
+ * type-safe wrapper function that converts the "void*" parameters/returns
+ * of the underlying C API into nice C++ function.
+ *
+ * Sample usage:
+ *   void OnValue1(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d, int32_t val) {
+ *     // do stuff ...
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // Handler that doesn't need any data bound to it.
+ *   void OnValue2(MyClosure* c, int32_t val) {
+ *     // do stuff ...
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // Handler that returns bool so it can return failure if necessary.
+ *   bool OnValue3(MyClosure* c, int32_t val) {
+ *     // do stuff ...
+ *     return ok;
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // Member function handler.
+ *   class MyClosure {
+ *    public:
+ *     void OnValue(int32_t val) {
+ *       // do stuff ...
+ *     }
+ *   };
+ *
+ *   // Takes ownership of the MyHandlerData.
+ *   handlers->SetInt32Handler(f1, UpbBind(OnValue1, new MyHandlerData(...)));
+ *   handlers->SetInt32Handler(f2, UpbMakeHandler(OnValue2));
+ *   handlers->SetInt32Handler(f1, UpbMakeHandler(OnValue3));
+ *   handlers->SetInt32Handler(f2, UpbMakeHandler(&MyClosure::OnValue));
+ */
+
+/* In C++11, the "template" disambiguator can appear even outside templates,
+ * so all calls can safely use this pair of macros. */
+
+#define UpbMakeHandler(f) upb::MatchFunc(f).template GetFunc<f>()
+
+/* We have to be careful to only evaluate "d" once. */
+#define UpbBind(f, d) upb::MatchFunc(f).template GetFunc<f>((d))
+
+/* Handler: a struct that contains the (handler, data, deleter) tuple that is
+ * used to register all handlers.  Users can Make() these directly but it's
+ * more convenient to use the UpbMakeHandler/UpbBind macros above. */
+template <class T> class upb::Handler {
+ public:
+  /* The underlying, handler function signature that upb uses internally. */
+  typedef T FuncPtr;
+
+  /* Intentionally implicit. */
+  template <class F> Handler(F func);
+  ~Handler() { UPB_ASSERT(registered_); }
+
+  void AddCleanup(upb_handlers* h) const;
+  FuncPtr handler() const { return handler_; }
+  const upb_handlerattr& attr() const { return attr_; }
+
+ private:
+  Handler(const Handler&) = delete;
+  Handler& operator=(const Handler&) = delete;
+
+  FuncPtr handler_;
+  mutable upb_handlerattr attr_;
+  mutable bool registered_;
+  void *cleanup_data_;
+  upb_handlerfree *cleanup_func_;
+};
+
+/* A upb::Handlers object represents the set of handlers associated with a
+ * message in the graph of messages.  You can think of it as a big virtual
+ * table with functions corresponding to all the events that can fire while
+ * parsing or visiting a message of a specific type.
+ *
+ * Any handlers that are not set behave as if they had successfully consumed
+ * the value.  Any unset Start* handlers will propagate their closure to the
+ * inner frame.
+ *
+ * The easiest way to create the *Handler objects needed by the Set* methods is
+ * with the UpbBind() and UpbMakeHandler() macros; see below. */
+class upb::HandlersPtr {
+ public:
+  HandlersPtr(upb_handlers* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  upb_handlers* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+
+  typedef upb_selector_t Selector;
+  typedef upb_handlertype_t Type;
+
+  typedef Handler<void *(*)(void *, const void *)> StartFieldHandler;
+  typedef Handler<bool (*)(void *, const void *)> EndFieldHandler;
+  typedef Handler<bool (*)(void *, const void *)> StartMessageHandler;
+  typedef Handler<bool (*)(void *, const void *, upb_status *)>
+      EndMessageHandler;
+  typedef Handler<void *(*)(void *, const void *, size_t)> StartStringHandler;
+  typedef Handler<size_t (*)(void *, const void *, const char *, size_t,
+                             const upb_bufhandle *)>
+      StringHandler;
+
+  template <class T> struct ValueHandler {
+    typedef Handler<bool(*)(void *, const void *, T)> H;
+  };
+
+  typedef ValueHandler<int32_t>::H     Int32Handler;
+  typedef ValueHandler<int64_t>::H     Int64Handler;
+  typedef ValueHandler<uint32_t>::H    UInt32Handler;
+  typedef ValueHandler<uint64_t>::H    UInt64Handler;
+  typedef ValueHandler<float>::H       FloatHandler;
+  typedef ValueHandler<double>::H      DoubleHandler;
+  typedef ValueHandler<bool>::H        BoolHandler;
+
+  /* Any function pointer can be converted to this and converted back to its
+   * correct type. */
+  typedef void GenericFunction();
+
+  typedef void HandlersCallback(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h);
+
+  /* Returns the msgdef associated with this handlers object. */
+  MessageDefPtr message_def() const {
+    return MessageDefPtr(upb_handlers_msgdef(ptr()));
+  }
+
+  /* Adds the given pointer and function to the list of cleanup functions that
+   * will be run when these handlers are freed.  If this pointer has previously
+   * been registered, the function returns false and does nothing. */
+  bool AddCleanup(void *ptr, upb_handlerfree *cleanup) {
+    return upb_handlers_addcleanup(ptr_, ptr, cleanup);
+  }
+
+  /* Sets the startmsg handler for the message, which is defined as follows:
+   *
+   *   bool startmsg(MyType* closure) {
+   *     // Called when the message begins.  Returns true if processing should
+   *     // continue.
+   *     return true;
+   *   }
+   */
+  bool SetStartMessageHandler(const StartMessageHandler &h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setstartmsg(ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  /* Sets the endmsg handler for the message, which is defined as follows:
+   *
+   *   bool endmsg(MyType* closure, upb_status *status) {
+   *     // Called when processing of this message ends, whether in success or
+   *     // failure.  "status" indicates the final status of processing, and
+   *     // can also be modified in-place to update the final status.
+   *   }
+   */
+  bool SetEndMessageHandler(const EndMessageHandler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setendmsg(ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  /* Sets the value handler for the given field, which is defined as follows
+   * (this is for an int32 field; other field types will pass their native
+   * C/C++ type for "val"):
+   *
+   *   bool OnValue(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d, int32_t val) {
+   *     // Called when the field's value is encountered.  "d" contains
+   *     // whatever data was bound to this field when it was registered.
+   *     // Returns true if processing should continue.
+   *     return true;
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   handers->SetInt32Handler(f, UpbBind(OnValue, new MyHandlerData(...)));
+   *
+   * The value type must exactly match f->type().
+   * For example, a handler that takes an int32_t parameter may only be used for
+   * fields of type UPB_TYPE_INT32 and UPB_TYPE_ENUM.
+   *
+   * Returns false if the handler failed to register; in this case the cleanup
+   * handler (if any) will be called immediately.
+   */
+  bool SetInt32Handler(FieldDefPtr f, const Int32Handler &h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setint32(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetInt64Handler (FieldDefPtr f,  const Int64Handler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setint64(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetUInt32Handler(FieldDefPtr f, const UInt32Handler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setuint32(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetUInt64Handler(FieldDefPtr f, const UInt64Handler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setuint64(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetFloatHandler (FieldDefPtr f,  const FloatHandler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setfloat(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetDoubleHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const DoubleHandler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setdouble(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetBoolHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const BoolHandler &h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setbool(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  /* Like the previous, but templated on the type on the value (ie. int32).
+   * This is mostly useful to call from other templates.  To call this you must
+   * specify the template parameter explicitly, ie:
+   *   h->SetValueHandler<T>(f, UpbBind(MyHandler<T>, MyData)); */
+  template <class T>
+  bool SetValueHandler(
+      FieldDefPtr f,
+      const typename ValueHandler<typename CanonicalType<T>::Type>::H &handler);
+
+  /* Sets handlers for a string field, which are defined as follows:
+   *
+   *   MySubClosure* startstr(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d,
+   *                          size_t size_hint) {
+   *     // Called when a string value begins.  The return value indicates the
+   *     // closure for the string.  "size_hint" indicates the size of the
+   *     // string if it is known, however if the string is length-delimited
+   *     // and the end-of-string is not available size_hint will be zero.
+   *     // This case is indistinguishable from the case where the size is
+   *     // known to be zero.
+   *     //
+   *     // TODO(haberman): is it important to distinguish these cases?
+   *     // If we had ssize_t as a type we could make -1 "unknown", but
+   *     // ssize_t is POSIX (not ANSI) and therefore less portable.
+   *     // In practice I suspect it won't be important to distinguish.
+   *     return closure;
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   size_t str(MyClosure* closure, const MyHandlerData* d,
+   *              const char *str, size_t len) {
+   *     // Called for each buffer of string data; the multiple physical buffers
+   *     // are all part of the same logical string.  The return value indicates
+   *     // how many bytes were consumed.  If this number is less than "len",
+   *     // this will also indicate that processing should be halted for now,
+   *     // like returning false or UPB_BREAK from any other callback.  If
+   *     // number is greater than "len", the excess bytes will be skipped over
+   *     // and not passed to the callback.
+   *     return len;
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   bool endstr(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d) {
+   *     // Called when a string value ends.  Return value indicates whether
+   *     // processing should continue.
+   *     return true;
+   *   }
+   */
+  bool SetStartStringHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const StartStringHandler &h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setstartstr(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetStringHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const StringHandler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setstring(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetEndStringHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const EndFieldHandler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setendstr(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  /* Sets the startseq handler, which is defined as follows:
+   *
+   *   MySubClosure *startseq(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d) {
+   *     // Called when a sequence (repeated field) begins.  The returned
+   *     // pointer indicates the closure for the sequence (or UPB_BREAK
+   *     // to interrupt processing).
+   *     return closure;
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   h->SetStartSequenceHandler(f, UpbBind(startseq, new MyHandlerData(...)));
+   *
+   * Returns "false" if "f" does not belong to this message or is not a
+   * repeated field.
+   */
+  bool SetStartSequenceHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const StartFieldHandler &h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setstartseq(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  /* Sets the startsubmsg handler for the given field, which is defined as
+   * follows:
+   *
+   *   MySubClosure* startsubmsg(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d) {
+   *     // Called when a submessage begins.  The returned pointer indicates the
+   *     // closure for the sequence (or UPB_BREAK to interrupt processing).
+   *     return closure;
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   h->SetStartSubMessageHandler(f, UpbBind(startsubmsg,
+   *                                           new MyHandlerData(...)));
+   *
+   * Returns "false" if "f" does not belong to this message or is not a
+   * submessage/group field.
+   */
+  bool SetStartSubMessageHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const StartFieldHandler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  /* Sets the endsubmsg handler for the given field, which is defined as
+   * follows:
+   *
+   *   bool endsubmsg(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d) {
+   *     // Called when a submessage ends.  Returns true to continue processing.
+   *     return true;
+   *   }
+   *
+   * Returns "false" if "f" does not belong to this message or is not a
+   * submessage/group field.
+   */
+  bool SetEndSubMessageHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const EndFieldHandler &h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  /* Starts the endsubseq handler for the given field, which is defined as
+   * follows:
+   *
+   *   bool endseq(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d) {
+   *     // Called when a sequence ends.  Returns true continue processing.
+   *     return true;
+   *   }
+   *
+   * Returns "false" if "f" does not belong to this message or is not a
+   * repeated field.
+   */
+  bool SetEndSequenceHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const EndFieldHandler &h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setendseq(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  upb_handlers* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_handlercache ***********************************************************/
+
+/* A upb_handlercache lazily builds and caches upb_handlers.  You pass it a
+ * function (with optional closure) that can build handlers for a given
+ * message on-demand, and the cache maintains a map of msgdef->handlers. */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+struct upb_handlercache;
+typedef struct upb_handlercache upb_handlercache;
+
+typedef void upb_handlers_callback(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h);
+
+upb_handlercache *upb_handlercache_new(upb_handlers_callback *callback,
+                                       const void *closure);
+void upb_handlercache_free(upb_handlercache *cache);
+const upb_handlers *upb_handlercache_get(upb_handlercache *cache,
+                                         const upb_msgdef *md);
+bool upb_handlercache_addcleanup(upb_handlercache *h, void *p,
+                                 upb_handlerfree *hfree);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+class upb::HandlerCache {
+ public:
+  HandlerCache(upb_handlers_callback *callback, const void *closure)
+      : ptr_(upb_handlercache_new(callback, closure), upb_handlercache_free) {}
+  HandlerCache(HandlerCache&&) = default;
+  HandlerCache& operator=(HandlerCache&&) = default;
+  HandlerCache(upb_handlercache* c) : ptr_(c, upb_handlercache_free) {}
+
+  upb_handlercache* ptr() { return ptr_.get(); }
+
+  const upb_handlers *Get(MessageDefPtr md) {
+    return upb_handlercache_get(ptr_.get(), md.ptr());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<upb_handlercache, decltype(&upb_handlercache_free)> ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_byteshandler ***********************************************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_func *func;
+
+  /* It is wasteful to include the entire attributes here:
+   *
+   * * Some of the information is redundant (like storing the closure type
+   *   separately for each handler that must match).
+   * * Some of the info is only needed prior to freeze() (like closure types).
+   * * alignment padding wastes a lot of space for alwaysok_.
+   *
+   * If/when the size and locality of handlers is an issue, we can optimize this
+   * not to store the entire attr like this.  We do not expose the table's
+   * layout to allow this optimization in the future. */
+  upb_handlerattr attr;
+} upb_handlers_tabent;
+
+#define UPB_TABENT_INIT {NULL, UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT}
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_handlers_tabent table[3];
+} upb_byteshandler;
+
+#define UPB_BYTESHANDLER_INIT                             \
+  {                                                       \
+    { UPB_TABENT_INIT, UPB_TABENT_INIT, UPB_TABENT_INIT } \
+  }
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_byteshandler_init(upb_byteshandler *handler) {
+  upb_byteshandler init = UPB_BYTESHANDLER_INIT;
+  *handler = init;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Caller must ensure that "d" outlives the handlers. */
+bool upb_byteshandler_setstartstr(upb_byteshandler *h,
+                                  upb_startstr_handlerfunc *func, void *d);
+bool upb_byteshandler_setstring(upb_byteshandler *h,
+                                upb_string_handlerfunc *func, void *d);
+bool upb_byteshandler_setendstr(upb_byteshandler *h,
+                                upb_endfield_handlerfunc *func, void *d);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+namespace upb {
+typedef upb_byteshandler BytesHandler;
+}
+#endif
+
+/** Message handlers ******************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* These are the handlers used internally by upb_msgfactory_getmergehandlers().
+ * They write scalar data to a known offset from the message pointer.
+ *
+ * These would be trivial for anyone to implement themselves, but it's better
+ * to use these because some JITs will recognize and specialize these instead
+ * of actually calling the function. */
+
+/* Sets a handler for the given primitive field that will write the data at the
+ * given offset.  If hasbit > 0, also sets a hasbit at the given bit offset
+ * (addressing each byte low to high). */
+bool upb_msg_setscalarhandler(upb_handlers *h,
+                              const upb_fielddef *f,
+                              size_t offset,
+                              int32_t hasbit);
+
+/* If the given handler is a msghandlers_primitive field, returns true and sets
+ * *type, *offset and *hasbit.  Otherwise returns false. */
+bool upb_msg_getscalarhandlerdata(const upb_handlers *h,
+                                  upb_selector_t s,
+                                  upb_fieldtype_t *type,
+                                  size_t *offset,
+                                  int32_t *hasbit);
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Inline definitions for handlers.h, which are particularly long and a bit
+** tricky.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_HANDLERS_INL_H_
+#define UPB_HANDLERS_INL_H_
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+/* Type detection and typedefs for integer types.
+ * For platforms where there are multiple 32-bit or 64-bit types, we need to be
+ * able to enumerate them so we can properly create overloads for all variants.
+ *
+ * If any platform existed where there were three integer types with the same
+ * size, this would have to become more complicated.  For example, short, int,
+ * and long could all be 32-bits.  Even more diabolically, short, int, long,
+ * and long long could all be 64 bits and still be standard-compliant.
+ * However, few platforms are this strange, and it's unlikely that upb will be
+ * used on the strangest ones. */
+
+/* Can't count on stdint.h limits like INT32_MAX, because in C++ these are
+ * only defined when __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS are defined before the *first* include
+ * of stdint.h.  We can't guarantee that someone else didn't include these first
+ * without defining __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS. */
+#define UPB_INT32_MAX 0x7fffffffLL
+#define UPB_INT32_MIN (-UPB_INT32_MAX - 1)
+#define UPB_INT64_MAX 0x7fffffffffffffffLL
+#define UPB_INT64_MIN (-UPB_INT64_MAX - 1)
+
+#if INT_MAX == UPB_INT32_MAX && INT_MIN == UPB_INT32_MIN
+#define UPB_INT_IS_32BITS 1
+#endif
+
+#if LONG_MAX == UPB_INT32_MAX && LONG_MIN == UPB_INT32_MIN
+#define UPB_LONG_IS_32BITS 1
+#endif
+
+#if LONG_MAX == UPB_INT64_MAX && LONG_MIN == UPB_INT64_MIN
+#define UPB_LONG_IS_64BITS 1
+#endif
+
+#if LLONG_MAX == UPB_INT64_MAX && LLONG_MIN == UPB_INT64_MIN
+#define UPB_LLONG_IS_64BITS 1
+#endif
+
+/* We use macros instead of typedefs so we can undefine them later and avoid
+ * leaking them outside this header file. */
+#if UPB_INT_IS_32BITS
+#define UPB_INT32_T int
+#define UPB_UINT32_T unsigned int
+
+#if UPB_LONG_IS_32BITS
+#define UPB_TWO_32BIT_TYPES 1
+#define UPB_INT32ALT_T long
+#define UPB_UINT32ALT_T unsigned long
+#endif  /* UPB_LONG_IS_32BITS */
+
+#elif UPB_LONG_IS_32BITS  /* && !UPB_INT_IS_32BITS */
+#define UPB_INT32_T long
+#define UPB_UINT32_T unsigned long
+#endif  /* UPB_INT_IS_32BITS */
+
+
+#if UPB_LONG_IS_64BITS
+#define UPB_INT64_T long
+#define UPB_UINT64_T unsigned long
+
+#if UPB_LLONG_IS_64BITS
+#define UPB_TWO_64BIT_TYPES 1
+#define UPB_INT64ALT_T long long
+#define UPB_UINT64ALT_T unsigned long long
+#endif  /* UPB_LLONG_IS_64BITS */
+
+#elif UPB_LLONG_IS_64BITS  /* && !UPB_LONG_IS_64BITS */
+#define UPB_INT64_T long long
+#define UPB_UINT64_T unsigned long long
+#endif  /* UPB_LONG_IS_64BITS */
+
+#undef UPB_INT32_MAX
+#undef UPB_INT32_MIN
+#undef UPB_INT64_MAX
+#undef UPB_INT64_MIN
+#undef UPB_INT_IS_32BITS
+#undef UPB_LONG_IS_32BITS
+#undef UPB_LONG_IS_64BITS
+#undef UPB_LLONG_IS_64BITS
+
+
+namespace upb {
+
+typedef void CleanupFunc(void *ptr);
+
+/* Template to remove "const" from "const T*" and just return "T*".
+ *
+ * We define a nonsense default because otherwise it will fail to instantiate as
+ * a function parameter type even in cases where we don't expect any caller to
+ * actually match the overload. */
+class CouldntRemoveConst {};
+template <class T> struct remove_constptr { typedef CouldntRemoveConst type; };
+template <class T> struct remove_constptr<const T *> { typedef T *type; };
+
+/* Template that we use below to remove a template specialization from
+ * consideration if it matches a specific type. */
+template <class T, class U> struct disable_if_same { typedef void Type; };
+template <class T> struct disable_if_same<T, T> {};
+
+template <class T> void DeletePointer(void *p) { delete static_cast<T>(p); }
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct FirstUnlessVoidOrBool {
+  typedef T1 value;
+};
+
+template <class T2>
+struct FirstUnlessVoidOrBool<void, T2> {
+  typedef T2 value;
+};
+
+template <class T2>
+struct FirstUnlessVoidOrBool<bool, T2> {
+  typedef T2 value;
+};
+
+template<class T, class U>
+struct is_same {
+  static bool value;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+struct is_same<T, T> {
+  static bool value;
+};
+
+template<class T, class U>
+bool is_same<T, U>::value = false;
+
+template<class T>
+bool is_same<T, T>::value = true;
+
+/* FuncInfo *******************************************************************/
+
+/* Info about the user's original, pre-wrapped function. */
+template <class C, class R = void>
+struct FuncInfo {
+  /* The type of the closure that the function takes (its first param). */
+  typedef C Closure;
+
+  /* The return type. */
+  typedef R Return;
+};
+
+/* Func ***********************************************************************/
+
+/* Func1, Func2, Func3: Template classes representing a function and its
+ * signature.
+ *
+ * Since the function is a template parameter, calling the function can be
+ * inlined at compile-time and does not require a function pointer at runtime.
+ * These functions are not bound to a handler data so have no data or cleanup
+ * handler. */
+struct UnboundFunc {
+  CleanupFunc *GetCleanup() { return nullptr; }
+  void *GetData() { return nullptr; }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, R F(P1), class I>
+struct Func1 : public UnboundFunc {
+  typedef R Return;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  static R Call(P1 p1) { return F(p1); }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2), class I>
+struct Func2 : public UnboundFunc {
+  typedef R Return;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  static R Call(P1 p1, P2 p2) { return F(p1, p2); }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, R F(P1, P2, P3), class I>
+struct Func3 : public UnboundFunc {
+  typedef R Return;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  static R Call(P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3) { return F(p1, p2, p3); }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, R F(P1, P2, P3, P4),
+          class I>
+struct Func4 : public UnboundFunc {
+  typedef R Return;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  static R Call(P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3, P4 p4) { return F(p1, p2, p3, p4); }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5,
+          R F(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5), class I>
+struct Func5 : public UnboundFunc {
+  typedef R Return;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  static R Call(P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3, P4 p4, P5 p5) {
+    return F(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);
+  }
+};
+
+/* BoundFunc ******************************************************************/
+
+/* BoundFunc2, BoundFunc3: Like Func2/Func3 except also contains a value that
+ * shall be bound to the function's second parameter.
+ * 
+ * Note that the second parameter is a const pointer, but our stored bound value
+ * is non-const so we can free it when the handlers are destroyed. */
+template <class T>
+struct BoundFunc {
+  typedef typename remove_constptr<T>::type MutableP2;
+  explicit BoundFunc(MutableP2 data_) : data(data_) {}
+  CleanupFunc *GetCleanup() { return &DeletePointer<MutableP2>; }
+  MutableP2 GetData() { return data; }
+  MutableP2 data;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2), class I>
+struct BoundFunc2 : public BoundFunc<P2> {
+  typedef BoundFunc<P2> Base;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  explicit BoundFunc2(typename Base::MutableP2 arg) : Base(arg) {}
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, R F(P1, P2, P3), class I>
+struct BoundFunc3 : public BoundFunc<P2> {
+  typedef BoundFunc<P2> Base;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  explicit BoundFunc3(typename Base::MutableP2 arg) : Base(arg) {}
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, R F(P1, P2, P3, P4),
+          class I>
+struct BoundFunc4 : public BoundFunc<P2> {
+  typedef BoundFunc<P2> Base;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  explicit BoundFunc4(typename Base::MutableP2 arg) : Base(arg) {}
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5,
+          R F(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5), class I>
+struct BoundFunc5 : public BoundFunc<P2> {
+  typedef BoundFunc<P2> Base;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  explicit BoundFunc5(typename Base::MutableP2 arg) : Base(arg) {}
+};
+
+/* FuncSig ********************************************************************/
+
+/* FuncSig1, FuncSig2, FuncSig3: template classes reflecting a function
+ * *signature*, but without a specific function attached.
+ *
+ * These classes contain member functions that can be invoked with a
+ * specific function to return a Func/BoundFunc class. */
+template <class R, class P1>
+struct FuncSig1 {
+  template <R F(P1)>
+  Func1<R, P1, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc() {
+    return Func1<R, P1, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >();
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2>
+struct FuncSig2 {
+  template <R F(P1, P2)>
+  Func2<R, P1, P2, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc() {
+    return Func2<R, P1, P2, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R F(P1, P2)>
+  BoundFunc2<R, P1, P2, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc(
+      typename remove_constptr<P2>::type param2) {
+    return BoundFunc2<R, P1, P2, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >(param2);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3>
+struct FuncSig3 {
+  template <R F(P1, P2, P3)>
+  Func3<R, P1, P2, P3, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc() {
+    return Func3<R, P1, P2, P3, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R F(P1, P2, P3)>
+  BoundFunc3<R, P1, P2, P3, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc(
+      typename remove_constptr<P2>::type param2) {
+    return BoundFunc3<R, P1, P2, P3, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >(param2);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4>
+struct FuncSig4 {
+  template <R F(P1, P2, P3, P4)>
+  Func4<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc() {
+    return Func4<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R F(P1, P2, P3, P4)>
+  BoundFunc4<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc(
+      typename remove_constptr<P2>::type param2) {
+    return BoundFunc4<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >(param2);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5>
+struct FuncSig5 {
+  template <R F(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5)>
+  Func5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc() {
+    return Func5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R F(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5)>
+  BoundFunc5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc(
+      typename remove_constptr<P2>::type param2) {
+    return BoundFunc5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >(param2);
+  }
+};
+
+/* Overloaded template function that can construct the appropriate FuncSig*
+ * class given a function pointer by deducing the template parameters. */
+template <class R, class P1>
+inline FuncSig1<R, P1> MatchFunc(R (*f)(P1)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return FuncSig1<R, P1>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2>
+inline FuncSig2<R, P1, P2> MatchFunc(R (*f)(P1, P2)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return FuncSig2<R, P1, P2>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3>
+inline FuncSig3<R, P1, P2, P3> MatchFunc(R (*f)(P1, P2, P3)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return FuncSig3<R, P1, P2, P3>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4>
+inline FuncSig4<R, P1, P2, P3, P4> MatchFunc(R (*f)(P1, P2, P3, P4)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return FuncSig4<R, P1, P2, P3, P4>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5>
+inline FuncSig5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5> MatchFunc(R (*f)(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return FuncSig5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5>();
+}
+
+/* MethodSig ******************************************************************/
+
+/* CallMethod*: a function template that calls a given method. */
+template <class R, class C, R (C::*F)()>
+R CallMethod0(C *obj) {
+  return ((*obj).*F)();
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, R (C::*F)(P1)>
+R CallMethod1(C *obj, P1 arg1) {
+  return ((*obj).*F)(arg1);
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2, R (C::*F)(P1, P2)>
+R CallMethod2(C *obj, P1 arg1, P2 arg2) {
+  return ((*obj).*F)(arg1, arg2);
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2, class P3, R (C::*F)(P1, P2, P3)>
+R CallMethod3(C *obj, P1 arg1, P2 arg2, P3 arg3) {
+  return ((*obj).*F)(arg1, arg2, arg3);
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4,
+          R (C::*F)(P1, P2, P3, P4)>
+R CallMethod4(C *obj, P1 arg1, P2 arg2, P3 arg3, P4 arg4) {
+  return ((*obj).*F)(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4);
+}
+
+/* MethodSig: like FuncSig, but for member functions.
+ *
+ * GetFunc() returns a normal FuncN object, so after calling GetFunc() no
+ * more logic is required to special-case methods. */
+template <class R, class C>
+struct MethodSig0 {
+  template <R (C::*F)()>
+  Func1<R, C *, CallMethod0<R, C, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> > GetFunc() {
+    return Func1<R, C *, CallMethod0<R, C, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> >();
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1>
+struct MethodSig1 {
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1)>
+  Func2<R, C *, P1, CallMethod1<R, C, P1, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> > GetFunc() {
+    return Func2<R, C *, P1, CallMethod1<R, C, P1, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1)>
+  BoundFunc2<R, C *, P1, CallMethod1<R, C, P1, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> > GetFunc(
+      typename remove_constptr<P1>::type param1) {
+    return BoundFunc2<R, C *, P1, CallMethod1<R, C, P1, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> >(
+        param1);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2>
+struct MethodSig2 {
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1, P2)>
+  Func3<R, C *, P1, P2, CallMethod2<R, C, P1, P2, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> >
+  GetFunc() {
+    return Func3<R, C *, P1, P2, CallMethod2<R, C, P1, P2, F>,
+                 FuncInfo<C *, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1, P2)>
+  BoundFunc3<R, C *, P1, P2, CallMethod2<R, C, P1, P2, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> >
+  GetFunc(typename remove_constptr<P1>::type param1) {
+    return BoundFunc3<R, C *, P1, P2, CallMethod2<R, C, P1, P2, F>,
+                      FuncInfo<C *, R> >(param1);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2, class P3>
+struct MethodSig3 {
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1, P2, P3)>
+  Func4<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, CallMethod3<R, C, P1, P2, P3, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> >
+  GetFunc() {
+    return Func4<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, CallMethod3<R, C, P1, P2, P3, F>,
+                 FuncInfo<C *, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1, P2, P3)>
+  BoundFunc4<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, CallMethod3<R, C, P1, P2, P3, F>,
+             FuncInfo<C *, R> >
+  GetFunc(typename remove_constptr<P1>::type param1) {
+    return BoundFunc4<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, CallMethod3<R, C, P1, P2, P3, F>,
+                      FuncInfo<C *, R> >(param1);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4>
+struct MethodSig4 {
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1, P2, P3, P4)>
+  Func5<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, P4, CallMethod4<R, C, P1, P2, P3, P4, F>,
+        FuncInfo<C *, R> >
+  GetFunc() {
+    return Func5<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, P4, CallMethod4<R, C, P1, P2, P3, P4, F>,
+                 FuncInfo<C *, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1, P2, P3, P4)>
+  BoundFunc5<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, P4, CallMethod4<R, C, P1, P2, P3, P4, F>,
+             FuncInfo<C *, R> >
+  GetFunc(typename remove_constptr<P1>::type param1) {
+    return BoundFunc5<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, P4,
+                      CallMethod4<R, C, P1, P2, P3, P4, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> >(
+        param1);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class C>
+inline MethodSig0<R, C> MatchFunc(R (C::*f)()) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return MethodSig0<R, C>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1>
+inline MethodSig1<R, C, P1> MatchFunc(R (C::*f)(P1)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return MethodSig1<R, C, P1>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2>
+inline MethodSig2<R, C, P1, P2> MatchFunc(R (C::*f)(P1, P2)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return MethodSig2<R, C, P1, P2>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2, class P3>
+inline MethodSig3<R, C, P1, P2, P3> MatchFunc(R (C::*f)(P1, P2, P3)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return MethodSig3<R, C, P1, P2, P3>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4>
+inline MethodSig4<R, C, P1, P2, P3, P4> MatchFunc(R (C::*f)(P1, P2, P3, P4)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return MethodSig4<R, C, P1, P2, P3, P4>();
+}
+
+/* MaybeWrapReturn ************************************************************/
+
+/* Template class that attempts to wrap the return value of the function so it
+ * matches the expected type.  There are two main adjustments it may make:
+ *
+ *   1. If the function returns void, make it return the expected type and with
+ *      a value that always indicates success.
+ *   2. If the function returns bool, make it return the expected type with a
+ *      value that indicates success or failure.
+ *
+ * The "expected type" for return is:
+ *   1. void* for start handlers.  If the closure parameter has a different type
+ *      we will cast it to void* for the return in the success case.
+ *   2. size_t for string buffer handlers.
+ *   3. bool for everything else. */
+
+/* Template parameters are FuncN type and desired return type. */
+template <class F, class R, class Enable = void>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn;
+
+/* If the return type matches, return the given function unwrapped. */
+template <class F>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<F, typename F::Return> {
+  typedef F Func;
+};
+
+/* Function wrapper that munges the return value from void to (bool)true. */
+template <class P1, class P2, void F(P1, P2)>
+bool ReturnTrue2(P1 p1, P2 p2) {
+  F(p1, p2);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <class P1, class P2, class P3, void F(P1, P2, P3)>
+bool ReturnTrue3(P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3) {
+  F(p1, p2, p3);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Function wrapper that munges the return value from void to (void*)arg1  */
+template <class P1, class P2, void F(P1, P2)>
+void *ReturnClosure2(P1 p1, P2 p2) {
+  F(p1, p2);
+  return p1;
+}
+
+template <class P1, class P2, class P3, void F(P1, P2, P3)>
+void *ReturnClosure3(P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3) {
+  F(p1, p2, p3);
+  return p1;
+}
+
+/* Function wrapper that munges the return value from R to void*. */
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2)>
+void *CastReturnToVoidPtr2(P1 p1, P2 p2) {
+  return F(p1, p2);
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, R F(P1, P2, P3)>
+void *CastReturnToVoidPtr3(P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3) {
+  return F(p1, p2, p3);
+}
+
+/* Function wrapper that munges the return value from bool to void*. */
+template <class P1, class P2, bool F(P1, P2)>
+void *ReturnClosureOrBreak2(P1 p1, P2 p2) {
+  return F(p1, p2) ? p1 : UPB_BREAK;
+}
+
+template <class P1, class P2, class P3, bool F(P1, P2, P3)>
+void *ReturnClosureOrBreak3(P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3) {
+  return F(p1, p2, p3) ? p1 : UPB_BREAK;
+}
+
+/* For the string callback, which takes five params, returns the size param. */
+template <class P1, class P2,
+          void F(P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *)>
+size_t ReturnStringLen(P1 p1, P2 p2, const char *p3, size_t p4,
+                       const upb_bufhandle *p5) {
+  F(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);
+  return p4;
+}
+
+/* For the string callback, which takes five params, returns the size param or
+ * zero. */
+template <class P1, class P2,
+          bool F(P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *)>
+size_t ReturnNOr0(P1 p1, P2 p2, const char *p3, size_t p4,
+                  const upb_bufhandle *p5) {
+  return F(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5) ? p4 : 0;
+}
+
+/* If we have a function returning void but want a function returning bool, wrap
+ * it in a function that returns true. */
+template <class P1, class P2, void F(P1, P2), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func2<void, P1, P2, F, I>, bool> {
+  typedef Func2<bool, P1, P2, ReturnTrue2<P1, P2, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+template <class P1, class P2, class P3, void F(P1, P2, P3), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func3<void, P1, P2, P3, F, I>, bool> {
+  typedef Func3<bool, P1, P2, P3, ReturnTrue3<P1, P2, P3, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* If our function returns void but we want one returning void*, wrap it in a
+ * function that returns the first argument. */
+template <class P1, class P2, void F(P1, P2), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func2<void, P1, P2, F, I>, void *> {
+  typedef Func2<void *, P1, P2, ReturnClosure2<P1, P2, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+template <class P1, class P2, class P3, void F(P1, P2, P3), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func3<void, P1, P2, P3, F, I>, void *> {
+  typedef Func3<void *, P1, P2, P3, ReturnClosure3<P1, P2, P3, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* If our function returns R* but we want one returning void*, wrap it in a
+ * function that casts to void*. */
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R *F(P1, P2), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func2<R *, P1, P2, F, I>, void *,
+                       typename disable_if_same<R *, void *>::Type> {
+  typedef Func2<void *, P1, P2, CastReturnToVoidPtr2<R *, P1, P2, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, R *F(P1, P2, P3), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func3<R *, P1, P2, P3, F, I>, void *,
+                       typename disable_if_same<R *, void *>::Type> {
+  typedef Func3<void *, P1, P2, P3, CastReturnToVoidPtr3<R *, P1, P2, P3, F>, I>
+      Func;
+};
+
+/* If our function returns bool but we want one returning void*, wrap it in a
+ * function that returns either the first param or UPB_BREAK. */
+template <class P1, class P2, bool F(P1, P2), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func2<bool, P1, P2, F, I>, void *> {
+  typedef Func2<void *, P1, P2, ReturnClosureOrBreak2<P1, P2, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+template <class P1, class P2, class P3, bool F(P1, P2, P3), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func3<bool, P1, P2, P3, F, I>, void *> {
+  typedef Func3<void *, P1, P2, P3, ReturnClosureOrBreak3<P1, P2, P3, F>, I>
+      Func;
+};
+
+/* If our function returns void but we want one returning size_t, wrap it in a
+ * function that returns the size argument. */
+template <class P1, class P2,
+          void F(P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<
+    Func5<void, P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *, F, I>,
+          size_t> {
+  typedef Func5<size_t, P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *,
+                ReturnStringLen<P1, P2, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* If our function returns bool but we want one returning size_t, wrap it in a
+ * function that returns either 0 or the buf size. */
+template <class P1, class P2,
+          bool F(P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<
+    Func5<bool, P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *, F, I>,
+    size_t> {
+  typedef Func5<size_t, P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *,
+                ReturnNOr0<P1, P2, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* ConvertParams **************************************************************/
+
+/* Template class that converts the function parameters if necessary, and
+ * ignores the HandlerData parameter if appropriate.
+ *
+ * Template parameter is the are FuncN function type. */
+template <class F, class T>
+struct ConvertParams;
+
+/* Function that discards the handler data parameter. */
+template <class R, class P1, R F(P1)>
+R IgnoreHandlerData2(void *p1, const void *hd) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(p1));
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2Wrapper, class P2Wrapped,
+          R F(P1, P2Wrapped)>
+R IgnoreHandlerData3(void *p1, const void *hd, P2Wrapper p2) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(p1), p2);
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, R F(P1, P2, P3)>
+R IgnoreHandlerData4(void *p1, const void *hd, P2 p2, P3 p3) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(p1), p2, p3);
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, R F(P1, P2, P3, P4)>
+R IgnoreHandlerData5(void *p1, const void *hd, P2 p2, P3 p3, P4 p4) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(p1), p2, p3, p4);
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, R F(P1, const char*, size_t)>
+R IgnoreHandlerDataIgnoreHandle(void *p1, const void *hd, const char *p2,
+                                size_t p3, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(p1), p2, p3);
+}
+
+/* Function that casts the handler data parameter. */
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2)>
+R CastHandlerData2(void *c, const void *hd) {
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(c), static_cast<P2>(hd));
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3Wrapper, class P3Wrapped,
+          R F(P1, P2, P3Wrapped)>
+R CastHandlerData3(void *c, const void *hd, P3Wrapper p3) {
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(c), static_cast<P2>(hd), p3);
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5,
+          R F(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5)>
+R CastHandlerData5(void *c, const void *hd, P3 p3, P4 p4, P5 p5) {
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(c), static_cast<P2>(hd), p3, p4, p5);
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2, const char *, size_t)>
+R CastHandlerDataIgnoreHandle(void *c, const void *hd, const char *p3,
+                              size_t p4, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(c), static_cast<P2>(hd), p3, p4);
+}
+
+/* For unbound functions, ignore the handler data. */
+template <class R, class P1, R F(P1), class I, class T>
+struct ConvertParams<Func1<R, P1, F, I>, T> {
+  typedef Func2<R, void *, const void *, IgnoreHandlerData2<R, P1, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2), class I,
+          class R2, class P1_2, class P2_2, class P3_2>
+struct ConvertParams<Func2<R, P1, P2, F, I>,
+                     R2 (*)(P1_2, P2_2, P3_2)> {
+  typedef Func3<R, void *, const void *, P3_2,
+                IgnoreHandlerData3<R, P1, P3_2, P2, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* For StringBuffer only; this ignores both the handler data and the
+ * upb_bufhandle. */
+template <class R, class P1, R F(P1, const char *, size_t), class I, class T>
+struct ConvertParams<Func3<R, P1, const char *, size_t, F, I>, T> {
+  typedef Func5<R, void *, const void *, const char *, size_t,
+                const upb_bufhandle *, IgnoreHandlerDataIgnoreHandle<R, P1, F>,
+                I> Func;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, R F(P1, P2, P3, P4),
+          class I, class T>
+struct ConvertParams<Func4<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, F, I>, T> {
+  typedef Func5<R, void *, const void *, P2, P3, P4,
+                IgnoreHandlerData5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* For bound functions, cast the handler data. */
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2), class I, class T>
+struct ConvertParams<BoundFunc2<R, P1, P2, F, I>, T> {
+  typedef Func2<R, void *, const void *, CastHandlerData2<R, P1, P2, F>, I>
+      Func;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, R F(P1, P2, P3), class I,
+          class R2, class P1_2, class P2_2, class P3_2>
+struct ConvertParams<BoundFunc3<R, P1, P2, P3, F, I>,
+                     R2 (*)(P1_2, P2_2, P3_2)> {
+  typedef Func3<R, void *, const void *, P3_2,
+                CastHandlerData3<R, P1, P2, P3_2, P3, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* For StringBuffer only; this ignores the upb_bufhandle. */
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2, const char *, size_t),
+          class I, class T>
+struct ConvertParams<BoundFunc4<R, P1, P2, const char *, size_t, F, I>, T> {
+  typedef Func5<R, void *, const void *, const char *, size_t,
+                const upb_bufhandle *,
+                CastHandlerDataIgnoreHandle<R, P1, P2, F>, I>
+      Func;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5,
+          R F(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5), class I, class T>
+struct ConvertParams<BoundFunc5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, F, I>, T> {
+  typedef Func5<R, void *, const void *, P3, P4, P5,
+                CastHandlerData5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* utype/ltype are upper/lower-case, ctype is canonical C type, vtype is
+ * variant C type. */
+#define TYPE_METHODS(utype, ltype, ctype, vtype)                      \
+  template <>                                                         \
+  struct CanonicalType<vtype> {                                       \
+    typedef ctype Type;                                               \
+  };                                                                  \
+  template <>                                                         \
+  inline bool HandlersPtr::SetValueHandler<vtype>(                    \
+      FieldDefPtr f, const HandlersPtr::utype##Handler &handler) {    \
+    handler.AddCleanup(ptr());                                        \
+    return upb_handlers_set##ltype(ptr(), f.ptr(), handler.handler(), \
+                                   &handler.attr());                  \
+  }
+
+TYPE_METHODS(Double, double, double,   double)
+TYPE_METHODS(Float,  float,  float,    float)
+TYPE_METHODS(UInt64, uint64, uint64_t, UPB_UINT64_T)
+TYPE_METHODS(UInt32, uint32, uint32_t, UPB_UINT32_T)
+TYPE_METHODS(Int64,  int64,  int64_t,  UPB_INT64_T)
+TYPE_METHODS(Int32,  int32,  int32_t,  UPB_INT32_T)
+TYPE_METHODS(Bool,   bool,   bool,     bool)
+
+#ifdef UPB_TWO_32BIT_TYPES
+TYPE_METHODS(Int32,  int32,  int32_t,  UPB_INT32ALT_T)
+TYPE_METHODS(UInt32, uint32, uint32_t, UPB_UINT32ALT_T)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef UPB_TWO_64BIT_TYPES
+TYPE_METHODS(Int64,  int64,  int64_t,  UPB_INT64ALT_T)
+TYPE_METHODS(UInt64, uint64, uint64_t, UPB_UINT64ALT_T)
+#endif
+#undef TYPE_METHODS
+
+template <> struct CanonicalType<Status*> {
+  typedef Status* Type;
+};
+
+template <class F> struct ReturnOf;
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2>
+struct ReturnOf<R (*)(P1, P2)> {
+  typedef R Return;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3>
+struct ReturnOf<R (*)(P1, P2, P3)> {
+  typedef R Return;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4>
+struct ReturnOf<R (*)(P1, P2, P3, P4)> {
+  typedef R Return;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5>
+struct ReturnOf<R (*)(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5)> {
+  typedef R Return;
+};
+
+
+template <class T>
+template <class F>
+inline Handler<T>::Handler(F func)
+    : registered_(false),
+      cleanup_data_(func.GetData()),
+      cleanup_func_(func.GetCleanup()) {
+  attr_.handler_data = func.GetData();
+  typedef typename ReturnOf<T>::Return Return;
+  typedef typename ConvertParams<F, T>::Func ConvertedParamsFunc;
+  typedef typename MaybeWrapReturn<ConvertedParamsFunc, Return>::Func
+      ReturnWrappedFunc;
+  handler_ = ReturnWrappedFunc().Call;
+
+  /* Set attributes based on what templates can statically tell us about the
+   * user's function. */
+
+  /* If the original function returns void, then we know that we wrapped it to
+   * always return ok. */
+  bool always_ok = is_same<typename F::FuncInfo::Return, void>::value;
+  attr_.alwaysok = always_ok;
+
+  /* Closure parameter and return type. */
+  attr_.closure_type = UniquePtrForType<typename F::FuncInfo::Closure>();
+
+  /* We use the closure type (from the first parameter) if the return type is
+   * void or bool, since these are the two cases we wrap to return the closure's
+   * type anyway.
+   *
+   * This is all nonsense for non START* handlers, but it doesn't matter because
+   * in that case the value will be ignored. */
+  typedef typename FirstUnlessVoidOrBool<typename F::FuncInfo::Return,
+                                         typename F::FuncInfo::Closure>::value
+      EffectiveReturn;
+  attr_.return_closure_type = UniquePtrForType<EffectiveReturn>();
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void Handler<T>::AddCleanup(upb_handlers* h) const {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!registered_);
+  registered_ = true;
+  if (cleanup_func_) {
+    bool ok = upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, cleanup_data_, cleanup_func_);
+    UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  }
+}
+
+}  /* namespace upb */
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+#undef UPB_TWO_32BIT_TYPES
+#undef UPB_TWO_64BIT_TYPES
+#undef UPB_INT32_T
+#undef UPB_UINT32_T
+#undef UPB_INT32ALT_T
+#undef UPB_UINT32ALT_T
+#undef UPB_INT64_T
+#undef UPB_UINT64_T
+#undef UPB_INT64ALT_T
+#undef UPB_UINT64ALT_T
+
+
+#endif  /* UPB_HANDLERS_INL_H_ */
+
+#endif  /* UPB_HANDLERS_H */
+/*
+** upb::Sink (upb_sink)
+** upb::BytesSink (upb_bytessink)
+**
+** A upb_sink is an object that binds a upb_handlers object to some runtime
+** state.  It is the object that can actually receive data via the upb_handlers
+** interface.
+**
+** Unlike upb_def and upb_handlers, upb_sink is never frozen, immutable, or
+** thread-safe.  You can create as many of them as you want, but each one may
+** only be used in a single thread at a time.
+**
+** If we compare with class-based OOP, a you can think of a upb_def as an
+** abstract base class, a upb_handlers as a concrete derived class, and a
+** upb_sink as an object (class instance).
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_SINK_H
+#define UPB_SINK_H
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace upb {
+class BytesSink;
+class Sink;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* upb_sink *******************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_handlers *handlers;
+  void *closure;
+} upb_sink;
+
+#define PUTVAL(type, ctype)                                           \
+  UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_put##type(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel,  \
+                                     ctype val) {                     \
+    typedef upb_##type##_handlerfunc functype;                        \
+    functype *func;                                                   \
+    const void *hd;                                                   \
+    if (!s.handlers) return true;                                     \
+    func = (functype *)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd); \
+    if (!func) return true;                                           \
+    return func(s.closure, hd, val);                                  \
+  }
+
+PUTVAL(int32,  int32_t)
+PUTVAL(int64,  int64_t)
+PUTVAL(uint32, uint32_t)
+PUTVAL(uint64, uint64_t)
+PUTVAL(float,  float)
+PUTVAL(double, double)
+PUTVAL(bool,   bool)
+#undef PUTVAL
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_sink_reset(upb_sink *s, const upb_handlers *h, void *c) {
+  s->handlers = h;
+  s->closure = c;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE size_t upb_sink_putstring(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel,
+                                     const char *buf, size_t n,
+                                     const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  typedef upb_string_handlerfunc func;
+  func *handler;
+  const void *hd;
+  if (!s.handlers) return n;
+  handler = (func *)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd);
+
+  if (!handler) return n;
+  return handler(s.closure, hd, buf, n, handle);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_putunknown(upb_sink s, const char *buf, size_t n) {
+  typedef upb_unknown_handlerfunc func;
+  func *handler;
+  const void *hd;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  handler =
+      (func *)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, UPB_UNKNOWN_SELECTOR, &hd);
+
+  if (!handler) return n;
+  return handler(s.closure, hd, buf, n);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_startmsg(upb_sink s) {
+  typedef upb_startmsg_handlerfunc func;
+  func *startmsg;
+  const void *hd;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  startmsg =
+      (func *)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, UPB_STARTMSG_SELECTOR, &hd);
+
+  if (!startmsg) return true;
+  return startmsg(s.closure, hd);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_endmsg(upb_sink s, upb_status *status) {
+  typedef upb_endmsg_handlerfunc func;
+  func *endmsg;
+  const void *hd;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  endmsg =
+      (func *)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, UPB_ENDMSG_SELECTOR, &hd);
+
+  if (!endmsg) return true;
+  return endmsg(s.closure, hd, status);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_startseq(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel,
+                                  upb_sink *sub) {
+  typedef upb_startfield_handlerfunc func;
+  func *startseq;
+  const void *hd;
+  sub->closure = s.closure;
+  sub->handlers = s.handlers;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  startseq = (func*)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd);
+
+  if (!startseq) return true;
+  sub->closure = startseq(s.closure, hd);
+  return sub->closure ? true : false;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_endseq(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel) {
+  typedef upb_endfield_handlerfunc func;
+  func *endseq;
+  const void *hd;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  endseq = (func*)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd);
+
+  if (!endseq) return true;
+  return endseq(s.closure, hd);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_startstr(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel,
+                                  size_t size_hint, upb_sink *sub) {
+  typedef upb_startstr_handlerfunc func;
+  func *startstr;
+  const void *hd;
+  sub->closure = s.closure;
+  sub->handlers = s.handlers;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  startstr = (func*)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd);
+
+  if (!startstr) return true;
+  sub->closure = startstr(s.closure, hd, size_hint);
+  return sub->closure ? true : false;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_endstr(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel) {
+  typedef upb_endfield_handlerfunc func;
+  func *endstr;
+  const void *hd;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  endstr = (func*)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd);
+
+  if (!endstr) return true;
+  return endstr(s.closure, hd);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_startsubmsg(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel,
+                                     upb_sink *sub) {
+  typedef upb_startfield_handlerfunc func;
+  func *startsubmsg;
+  const void *hd;
+  sub->closure = s.closure;
+  if (!s.handlers) {
+    sub->handlers = NULL;
+    return true;
+  }
+  sub->handlers = upb_handlers_getsubhandlers_sel(s.handlers, sel);
+  startsubmsg = (func*)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd);
+
+  if (!startsubmsg) return true;
+  sub->closure = startsubmsg(s.closure, hd);
+  return sub->closure ? true : false;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_endsubmsg(upb_sink s, upb_sink sub,
+                                   upb_selector_t sel) {
+  typedef upb_endfield_handlerfunc func;
+  func *endsubmsg;
+  const void *hd;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  endsubmsg = (func*)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd);
+
+  if (!endsubmsg) return true;
+  return endsubmsg(sub.closure, hd);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* A upb::Sink is an object that binds a upb::Handlers object to some runtime
+ * state.  It represents an endpoint to which data can be sent.
+ *
+ * TODO(haberman): right now all of these functions take selectors.  Should they
+ * take selectorbase instead?
+ *
+ * ie. instead of calling:
+ *   sink->StartString(FOO_FIELD_START_STRING, ...)
+ * a selector base would let you say:
+ *   sink->StartString(FOO_FIELD, ...)
+ *
+ * This would make call sites a little nicer and require emitting fewer selector
+ * definitions in .h files.
+ *
+ * But the current scheme has the benefit that you can retrieve a function
+ * pointer for any handler with handlers->GetHandler(selector), without having
+ * to have a separate GetHandler() function for each handler type.  The JIT
+ * compiler uses this.  To accommodate we'd have to expose a separate
+ * GetHandler() for every handler type.
+ *
+ * Also to ponder: selectors right now are independent of a specific Handlers
+ * instance.  In other words, they allocate a number to every possible handler
+ * that *could* be registered, without knowing anything about what handlers
+ * *are* registered.  That means that using selectors as table offsets prohibits
+ * us from compacting the handler table at Freeze() time.  If the table is very
+ * sparse, this could be wasteful.
+ *
+ * Having another selector-like thing that is specific to a Handlers instance
+ * would allow this compacting, but then it would be impossible to write code
+ * ahead-of-time that can be bound to any Handlers instance at runtime.  For
+ * example, a .proto file parser written as straight C will not know what
+ * Handlers it will be bound to, so when it calls sink->StartString() what
+ * selector will it pass?  It needs a selector like we have today, that is
+ * independent of any particular upb::Handlers.
+ *
+ * Is there a way then to allow Handlers table compaction? */
+class upb::Sink {
+ public:
+  /* Constructor with no initialization; must be Reset() before use. */
+  Sink() {}
+
+  Sink(const Sink&) = default;
+  Sink& operator=(const Sink&) = default;
+
+  Sink(const upb_sink& sink) : sink_(sink) {}
+  Sink &operator=(const upb_sink &sink) {
+    sink_ = sink;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  upb_sink sink() { return sink_; }
+
+  /* Constructs a new sink for the given frozen handlers and closure.
+   *
+   * TODO: once the Handlers know the expected closure type, verify that T
+   * matches it. */
+  template <class T> Sink(const upb_handlers* handlers, T* closure) {
+    Reset(handlers, closure);
+  }
+
+  upb_sink* ptr() { return &sink_; }
+
+  /* Resets the value of the sink. */
+  template <class T> void Reset(const upb_handlers* handlers, T* closure) {
+    upb_sink_reset(&sink_, handlers, closure);
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the top-level object that is bound to this sink.
+   *
+   * TODO: once the Handlers know the expected closure type, verify that T
+   * matches it. */
+  template <class T> T* GetObject() const {
+    return static_cast<T*>(sink_.closure);
+  }
+
+  /* Functions for pushing data into the sink.
+   *
+   * These return false if processing should stop (either due to error or just
+   * to suspend).
+   *
+   * These may not be called from within one of the same sink's handlers (in
+   * other words, handlers are not re-entrant). */
+
+  /* Should be called at the start and end of every message; both the top-level
+   * message and submessages.  This means that submessages should use the
+   * following sequence:
+   *   sink->StartSubMessage(startsubmsg_selector);
+   *   sink->StartMessage();
+   *   // ...
+   *   sink->EndMessage(&status);
+   *   sink->EndSubMessage(endsubmsg_selector); */
+  bool StartMessage() { return upb_sink_startmsg(sink_); }
+  bool EndMessage(upb_status *status) {
+    return upb_sink_endmsg(sink_, status);
+  }
+
+  /* Putting of individual values.  These work for both repeated and
+   * non-repeated fields, but for repeated fields you must wrap them in
+   * calls to StartSequence()/EndSequence(). */
+  bool PutInt32(HandlersPtr::Selector s, int32_t val) {
+    return upb_sink_putint32(sink_, s, val);
+  }
+
+  bool PutInt64(HandlersPtr::Selector s, int64_t val) {
+    return upb_sink_putint64(sink_, s, val);
+  }
+
+  bool PutUInt32(HandlersPtr::Selector s, uint32_t val) {
+    return upb_sink_putuint32(sink_, s, val);
+  }
+
+  bool PutUInt64(HandlersPtr::Selector s, uint64_t val) {
+    return upb_sink_putuint64(sink_, s, val);
+  }
+
+  bool PutFloat(HandlersPtr::Selector s, float val) {
+    return upb_sink_putfloat(sink_, s, val);
+  }
+
+  bool PutDouble(HandlersPtr::Selector s, double val) {
+    return upb_sink_putdouble(sink_, s, val);
+  }
+
+  bool PutBool(HandlersPtr::Selector s, bool val) {
+    return upb_sink_putbool(sink_, s, val);
+  }
+
+  /* Putting of string/bytes values.  Each string can consist of zero or more
+   * non-contiguous buffers of data.
+   *
+   * For StartString(), the function will write a sink for the string to "sub."
+   * The sub-sink must be used for any/all PutStringBuffer() calls. */
+  bool StartString(HandlersPtr::Selector s, size_t size_hint, Sink* sub) {
+    upb_sink sub_c;
+    bool ret = upb_sink_startstr(sink_, s, size_hint, &sub_c);
+    *sub = sub_c;
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  size_t PutStringBuffer(HandlersPtr::Selector s, const char *buf, size_t len,
+                         const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+    return upb_sink_putstring(sink_, s, buf, len, handle);
+  }
+
+  bool EndString(HandlersPtr::Selector s) {
+    return upb_sink_endstr(sink_, s);
+  }
+
+  /* For submessage fields.
+   *
+   * For StartSubMessage(), the function will write a sink for the string to
+   * "sub." The sub-sink must be used for any/all handlers called within the
+   * submessage. */
+  bool StartSubMessage(HandlersPtr::Selector s, Sink* sub) {
+    upb_sink sub_c;
+    bool ret = upb_sink_startsubmsg(sink_, s, &sub_c);
+    *sub = sub_c;
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  bool EndSubMessage(HandlersPtr::Selector s, Sink sub) {
+    return upb_sink_endsubmsg(sink_, sub.sink_, s);
+  }
+
+  /* For repeated fields of any type, the sequence of values must be wrapped in
+   * these calls.
+   *
+   * For StartSequence(), the function will write a sink for the string to
+   * "sub." The sub-sink must be used for any/all handlers called within the
+   * sequence. */
+  bool StartSequence(HandlersPtr::Selector s, Sink* sub) {
+    upb_sink sub_c;
+    bool ret = upb_sink_startseq(sink_, s, &sub_c);
+    *sub = sub_c;
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  bool EndSequence(HandlersPtr::Selector s) {
+    return upb_sink_endseq(sink_, s);
+  }
+
+  /* Copy and assign specifically allowed.
+   * We don't even bother making these members private because so many
+   * functions need them and this is mainly just a dumb data container anyway.
+   */
+
+ private:
+  upb_sink sink_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_bytessink **************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_byteshandler *handler;
+  void *closure;
+} upb_bytessink ;
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_bytessink_reset(upb_bytessink* s, const upb_byteshandler *h,
+                                    void *closure) {
+  s->handler = h;
+  s->closure = closure;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_bytessink_start(upb_bytessink s, size_t size_hint,
+                                    void **subc) {
+  typedef upb_startstr_handlerfunc func;
+  func *start;
+  *subc = s.closure;
+  if (!s.handler) return true;
+  start = (func *)s.handler->table[UPB_STARTSTR_SELECTOR].func;
+
+  if (!start) return true;
+  *subc = start(s.closure,
+                s.handler->table[UPB_STARTSTR_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data,
+                size_hint);
+  return *subc != NULL;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE size_t upb_bytessink_putbuf(upb_bytessink s, void *subc,
+                                       const char *buf, size_t size,
+                                       const upb_bufhandle* handle) {
+  typedef upb_string_handlerfunc func;
+  func *putbuf;
+  if (!s.handler) return true;
+  putbuf = (func *)s.handler->table[UPB_STRING_SELECTOR].func;
+
+  if (!putbuf) return true;
+  return putbuf(subc, s.handler->table[UPB_STRING_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data,
+                buf, size, handle);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_bytessink_end(upb_bytessink s) {
+  typedef upb_endfield_handlerfunc func;
+  func *end;
+  if (!s.handler) return true;
+  end = (func *)s.handler->table[UPB_ENDSTR_SELECTOR].func;
+
+  if (!end) return true;
+  return end(s.closure,
+             s.handler->table[UPB_ENDSTR_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+class upb::BytesSink {
+ public:
+  BytesSink() {}
+
+  BytesSink(const BytesSink&) = default;
+  BytesSink& operator=(const BytesSink&) = default;
+
+  BytesSink(const upb_bytessink& sink) : sink_(sink) {}
+  BytesSink &operator=(const upb_bytessink &sink) {
+    sink_ = sink;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  upb_bytessink sink() { return sink_; }
+
+  /* Constructs a new sink for the given frozen handlers and closure.
+   *
+   * TODO(haberman): once the Handlers know the expected closure type, verify
+   * that T matches it. */
+  template <class T> BytesSink(const upb_byteshandler* handler, T* closure) {
+    upb_bytessink_reset(sink_, handler, closure);
+  }
+
+  /* Resets the value of the sink. */
+  template <class T> void Reset(const upb_byteshandler* handler, T* closure) {
+    upb_bytessink_reset(&sink_, handler, closure);
+  }
+
+  bool Start(size_t size_hint, void **subc) {
+    return upb_bytessink_start(sink_, size_hint, subc);
+  }
+
+  size_t PutBuffer(void *subc, const char *buf, size_t len,
+                   const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+    return upb_bytessink_putbuf(sink_, subc, buf, len, handle);
+  }
+
+  bool End() {
+    return upb_bytessink_end(sink_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  upb_bytessink sink_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_bufsrc *****************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+bool upb_bufsrc_putbuf(const char *buf, size_t len, upb_bytessink sink);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+namespace upb {
+template <class T> bool PutBuffer(const T& str, BytesSink sink) {
+  return upb_bufsrc_putbuf(str.data(), str.size(), sink.sink());
+}
+}
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+#endif
+/*
+** Internal-only definitions for the decoder.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_DECODER_INT_H_
+#define UPB_DECODER_INT_H_
+
+/*
+** upb::pb::Decoder
+**
+** A high performance, streaming, resumable decoder for the binary protobuf
+** format.
+**
+** This interface works the same regardless of what decoder backend is being
+** used.  A client of this class does not need to know whether decoding is using
+** a JITted decoder (DynASM, LLVM, etc) or an interpreted decoder.  By default,
+** it will always use the fastest available decoder.  However, you can call
+** set_allow_jit(false) to disable any JIT decoder that might be available.
+** This is primarily useful for testing purposes.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_DECODER_H_
+#define UPB_DECODER_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace upb {
+namespace pb {
+class CodeCache;
+class DecoderPtr;
+class DecoderMethodPtr;
+class DecoderMethodOptions;
+}  /* namespace pb */
+}  /* namespace upb */
+#endif
+
+/* The maximum number of bytes we are required to buffer internally between
+ * calls to the decoder.  The value is 14: a 5 byte unknown tag plus ten-byte
+ * varint, less one because we are buffering an incomplete value.
+ *
+ * Should only be used by unit tests. */
+#define UPB_DECODER_MAX_RESIDUAL_BYTES 14
+
+/* upb_pbdecodermethod ********************************************************/
+
+struct upb_pbdecodermethod;
+typedef struct upb_pbdecodermethod upb_pbdecodermethod;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+const upb_handlers *upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(
+    const upb_pbdecodermethod *m);
+const upb_byteshandler *upb_pbdecodermethod_inputhandler(
+    const upb_pbdecodermethod *m);
+bool upb_pbdecodermethod_isnative(const upb_pbdecodermethod *m);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* Represents the code to parse a protobuf according to a destination
+ * Handlers. */
+class upb::pb::DecoderMethodPtr {
+ public:
+  DecoderMethodPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  DecoderMethodPtr(const upb_pbdecodermethod* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_pbdecodermethod* ptr() { return ptr_; }
+
+  /* The destination handlers that are statically bound to this method.
+   * This method is only capable of outputting to a sink that uses these
+   * handlers. */
+  const Handlers *dest_handlers() const {
+    return upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(ptr_);
+  }
+
+  /* The input handlers for this decoder method. */
+  const BytesHandler* input_handler() const {
+    return upb_pbdecodermethod_inputhandler(ptr_);
+  }
+
+  /* Whether this method is native. */
+  bool is_native() const {
+    return upb_pbdecodermethod_isnative(ptr_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const upb_pbdecodermethod* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif
+
+/* upb_pbdecoder **************************************************************/
+
+/* Preallocation hint: decoder won't allocate more bytes than this when first
+ * constructed.  This hint may be an overestimate for some build configurations.
+ * But if the decoder library is upgraded without recompiling the application,
+ * it may be an underestimate. */
+#define UPB_PB_DECODER_SIZE 4416
+
+struct upb_pbdecoder;
+typedef struct upb_pbdecoder upb_pbdecoder;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+upb_pbdecoder *upb_pbdecoder_create(upb_arena *arena,
+                                    const upb_pbdecodermethod *method,
+                                    upb_sink output, upb_status *status);
+const upb_pbdecodermethod *upb_pbdecoder_method(const upb_pbdecoder *d);
+upb_bytessink upb_pbdecoder_input(upb_pbdecoder *d);
+uint64_t upb_pbdecoder_bytesparsed(const upb_pbdecoder *d);
+size_t upb_pbdecoder_maxnesting(const upb_pbdecoder *d);
+bool upb_pbdecoder_setmaxnesting(upb_pbdecoder *d, size_t max);
+void upb_pbdecoder_reset(upb_pbdecoder *d);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* A Decoder receives binary protobuf data on its input sink and pushes the
+ * decoded data to its output sink. */
+class upb::pb::DecoderPtr {
+ public:
+  DecoderPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  DecoderPtr(upb_pbdecoder* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  upb_pbdecoder* ptr() { return ptr_; }
+
+  /* Constructs a decoder instance for the given method, which must outlive this
+   * decoder.  Any errors during parsing will be set on the given status, which
+   * must also outlive this decoder.
+   *
+   * The sink must match the given method. */
+  static DecoderPtr Create(Arena *arena, DecoderMethodPtr method,
+                           upb::Sink output, Status *status) {
+    return DecoderPtr(upb_pbdecoder_create(arena->ptr(), method.ptr(),
+                                           output.sink(), status->ptr()));
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the DecoderMethod this decoder is parsing from. */
+  const DecoderMethodPtr method() const {
+    return DecoderMethodPtr(upb_pbdecoder_method(ptr_));
+  }
+
+  /* The sink on which this decoder receives input. */
+  BytesSink input() { return BytesSink(upb_pbdecoder_input(ptr())); }
+
+  /* Returns number of bytes successfully parsed.
+   *
+   * This can be useful for determining the stream position where an error
+   * occurred.
+   *
+   * This value may not be up-to-date when called from inside a parsing
+   * callback. */
+  uint64_t BytesParsed() { return upb_pbdecoder_bytesparsed(ptr()); }
+
+  /* Gets/sets the parsing nexting limit.  If the total number of nested
+   * submessages and repeated fields hits this limit, parsing will fail.  This
+   * is a resource limit that controls the amount of memory used by the parsing
+   * stack.
+   *
+   * Setting the limit will fail if the parser is currently suspended at a depth
+   * greater than this, or if memory allocation of the stack fails. */
+  size_t max_nesting() { return upb_pbdecoder_maxnesting(ptr()); }
+  bool set_max_nesting(size_t max) { return upb_pbdecoder_maxnesting(ptr()); }
+
+  void Reset() { upb_pbdecoder_reset(ptr()); }
+
+  static const size_t kSize = UPB_PB_DECODER_SIZE;
+
+ private:
+  upb_pbdecoder *ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_pbcodecache ************************************************************/
+
+/* Lazily builds and caches decoder methods that will push data to the given
+ * handlers.  The destination handlercache must outlive this object. */
+
+struct upb_pbcodecache;
+typedef struct upb_pbcodecache upb_pbcodecache;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+upb_pbcodecache *upb_pbcodecache_new(upb_handlercache *dest);
+void upb_pbcodecache_free(upb_pbcodecache *c);
+bool upb_pbcodecache_allowjit(const upb_pbcodecache *c);
+void upb_pbcodecache_setallowjit(upb_pbcodecache *c, bool allow);
+void upb_pbcodecache_setlazy(upb_pbcodecache *c, bool lazy);
+const upb_pbdecodermethod *upb_pbcodecache_get(upb_pbcodecache *c,
+                                               const upb_msgdef *md);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* A class for caching protobuf processing code, whether bytecode for the
+ * interpreted decoder or machine code for the JIT.
+ *
+ * This class is not thread-safe. */
+class upb::pb::CodeCache {
+ public:
+  CodeCache(upb::HandlerCache *dest)
+      : ptr_(upb_pbcodecache_new(dest->ptr()), upb_pbcodecache_free) {}
+  CodeCache(CodeCache&&) = default;
+  CodeCache& operator=(CodeCache&&) = default;
+
+  upb_pbcodecache* ptr() { return ptr_.get(); }
+  const upb_pbcodecache* ptr() const { return ptr_.get(); }
+
+  /* Whether the cache is allowed to generate machine code.  Defaults to true.
+   * There is no real reason to turn it off except for testing or if you are
+   * having a specific problem with the JIT.
+   *
+   * Note that allow_jit = true does not *guarantee* that the code will be JIT
+   * compiled.  If this platform is not supported or the JIT was not compiled
+   * in, the code may still be interpreted. */
+  bool allow_jit() const { return upb_pbcodecache_allowjit(ptr()); }
+
+  /* This may only be called when the object is first constructed, and prior to
+   * any code generation. */
+  void set_allow_jit(bool allow) { upb_pbcodecache_setallowjit(ptr(), allow); }
+
+  /* Should the decoder push submessages to lazy handlers for fields that have
+   * them?  The caller should set this iff the lazy handlers expect data that is
+   * in protobuf binary format and the caller wishes to lazy parse it. */
+  void set_lazy(bool lazy) { upb_pbcodecache_setlazy(ptr(), lazy); }
+
+  /* Returns a DecoderMethod that can push data to the given handlers.
+   * If a suitable method already exists, it will be returned from the cache. */
+  const DecoderMethodPtr Get(MessageDefPtr md) {
+    return DecoderMethodPtr(upb_pbcodecache_get(ptr(), md.ptr()));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<upb_pbcodecache, decltype(&upb_pbcodecache_free)> ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+#endif  /* UPB_DECODER_H_ */
+
+
+/* Opcode definitions.  The canonical meaning of each opcode is its
+ * implementation in the interpreter (the JIT is written to match this).
+ *
+ * All instructions have the opcode in the low byte.
+ * Instruction format for most instructions is:
+ *
+ * +-------------------+--------+
+ * |     arg (24)      | op (8) |
+ * +-------------------+--------+
+ *
+ * Exceptions are indicated below.  A few opcodes are multi-word. */
+typedef enum {
+  /* Opcodes 1-8, 13, 15-18 parse their respective descriptor types.
+   * Arg for all of these is the upb selector for this field. */
+#define T(type) OP_PARSE_ ## type = UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ ## type
+  T(DOUBLE), T(FLOAT), T(INT64), T(UINT64), T(INT32), T(FIXED64), T(FIXED32),
+  T(BOOL), T(UINT32), T(SFIXED32), T(SFIXED64), T(SINT32), T(SINT64),
+#undef T
+  OP_STARTMSG       = 9,   /* No arg. */
+  OP_ENDMSG         = 10,  /* No arg. */
+  OP_STARTSEQ       = 11,
+  OP_ENDSEQ         = 12,
+  OP_STARTSUBMSG    = 14,
+  OP_ENDSUBMSG      = 19,
+  OP_STARTSTR       = 20,
+  OP_STRING         = 21,
+  OP_ENDSTR         = 22,
+
+  OP_PUSHTAGDELIM   = 23,  /* No arg. */
+  OP_PUSHLENDELIM   = 24,  /* No arg. */
+  OP_POP            = 25,  /* No arg. */
+  OP_SETDELIM       = 26,  /* No arg. */
+  OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM = 27,  /* two words:
+                            *   | unused (24)     | opc (8) |
+                            *   |        groupnum (32)      | */
+  OP_CHECKDELIM     = 28,
+  OP_CALL           = 29,
+  OP_RET            = 30,
+  OP_BRANCH         = 31,
+
+  /* Different opcodes depending on how many bytes expected. */
+  OP_TAG1           = 32,  /* | match tag (16) | jump target (8) | opc (8) | */
+  OP_TAG2           = 33,  /* | match tag (16) | jump target (8) | opc (8) | */
+  OP_TAGN           = 34,  /* three words: */
+                           /*   | unused (16) | jump target(8) | opc (8) | */
+                           /*   |           match tag 1 (32)             | */
+                           /*   |           match tag 2 (32)             | */
+
+  OP_SETDISPATCH    = 35,  /* N words: */
+                           /*   | unused (24)         | opc | */
+                           /*   | upb_inttable* (32 or 64)  | */
+
+  OP_DISPATCH       = 36,  /* No arg. */
+
+  OP_HALT           = 37   /* No arg. */
+} opcode;
+
+#define OP_MAX OP_HALT
+
+UPB_INLINE opcode getop(uint32_t instr) { return (opcode)(instr & 0xff); }
+
+struct upb_pbcodecache {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  upb_handlercache *dest;
+  bool allow_jit;
+  bool lazy;
+
+  /* Map of upb_msgdef -> mgroup. */
+  upb_inttable groups;
+};
+
+/* Method group; represents a set of decoder methods that had their code
+ * emitted together.  Immutable once created.  */
+typedef struct {
+  /* Maps upb_msgdef/upb_handlers -> upb_pbdecodermethod.  Owned by us.
+   *
+   * Ideally this would be on pbcodecache (if we were actually caching code).
+   * Right now we don't actually cache anything, which is wasteful. */
+  upb_inttable methods;
+
+  /* The bytecode for our methods, if any exists.  Owned by us. */
+  uint32_t *bytecode;
+  uint32_t *bytecode_end;
+} mgroup;
+
+/* The maximum that any submessages can be nested.  Matches proto2's limit.
+ * This specifies the size of the decoder's statically-sized array and therefore
+ * setting it high will cause the upb::pb::Decoder object to be larger.
+ *
+ * If necessary we can add a runtime-settable property to Decoder that allow
+ * this to be larger than the compile-time setting, but this would add
+ * complexity, particularly since we would have to decide how/if to give users
+ * the ability to set a custom memory allocation function. */
+#define UPB_DECODER_MAX_NESTING 64
+
+/* Internal-only struct used by the decoder. */
+typedef struct {
+  /* Space optimization note: we store two pointers here that the JIT
+   * doesn't need at all; the upb_handlers* inside the sink and
+   * the dispatch table pointer.  We can optimze so that the JIT uses
+   * smaller stack frames than the interpreter.  The only thing we need
+   * to guarantee is that the fallback routines can find end_ofs. */
+  upb_sink sink;
+
+  /* The absolute stream offset of the end-of-frame delimiter.
+   * Non-delimited frames (groups and non-packed repeated fields) reuse the
+   * delimiter of their parent, even though the frame may not end there.
+   *
+   * NOTE: the JIT stores a slightly different value here for non-top frames.
+   * It stores the value relative to the end of the enclosed message.  But the
+   * top frame is still stored the same way, which is important for ensuring
+   * that calls from the JIT into C work correctly. */
+  uint64_t end_ofs;
+  const uint32_t *base;
+
+  /* 0 indicates a length-delimited field.
+   * A positive number indicates a known group.
+   * A negative number indicates an unknown group. */
+  int32_t groupnum;
+  upb_inttable *dispatch;  /* Not used by the JIT. */
+} upb_pbdecoder_frame;
+
+struct upb_pbdecodermethod {
+  /* While compiling, the base is relative in "ofs", after compiling it is
+   * absolute in "ptr". */
+  union {
+    uint32_t ofs;     /* PC offset of method. */
+    void *ptr;        /* Pointer to bytecode or machine code for this method. */
+  } code_base;
+
+  /* The decoder method group to which this method belongs. */
+  const mgroup *group;
+
+  /* Whether this method is native code or bytecode. */
+  bool is_native_;
+
+  /* The handler one calls to invoke this method. */
+  upb_byteshandler input_handler_;
+
+  /* The destination handlers this method is bound to.  We own a ref. */
+  const upb_handlers *dest_handlers_;
+
+  /* Dispatch table -- used by both bytecode decoder and JIT when encountering a
+   * field number that wasn't the one we were expecting to see.  See
+   * decoder.int.h for the layout of this table. */
+  upb_inttable dispatch;
+};
+
+struct upb_pbdecoder {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+
+  /* Our input sink. */
+  upb_bytessink input_;
+
+  /* The decoder method we are parsing with (owned). */
+  const upb_pbdecodermethod *method_;
+
+  size_t call_len;
+  const uint32_t *pc, *last;
+
+  /* Current input buffer and its stream offset. */
+  const char *buf, *ptr, *end, *checkpoint;
+
+  /* End of the delimited region, relative to ptr, NULL if not in this buf. */
+  const char *delim_end;
+
+  /* End of the delimited region, relative to ptr, end if not in this buf. */
+  const char *data_end;
+
+  /* Overall stream offset of "buf." */
+  uint64_t bufstart_ofs;
+
+  /* Buffer for residual bytes not parsed from the previous buffer. */
+  char residual[UPB_DECODER_MAX_RESIDUAL_BYTES];
+  char *residual_end;
+
+  /* Bytes of data that should be discarded from the input beore we start
+   * parsing again.  We set this when we internally determine that we can
+   * safely skip the next N bytes, but this region extends past the current
+   * user buffer. */
+  size_t skip;
+
+  /* Stores the user buffer passed to our decode function. */
+  const char *buf_param;
+  size_t size_param;
+  const upb_bufhandle *handle;
+
+  /* Our internal stack. */
+  upb_pbdecoder_frame *stack, *top, *limit;
+  const uint32_t **callstack;
+  size_t stack_size;
+
+  upb_status *status;
+};
+
+/* Decoder entry points; used as handlers. */
+void *upb_pbdecoder_startbc(void *closure, const void *pc, size_t size_hint);
+size_t upb_pbdecoder_decode(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf,
+                            size_t size, const upb_bufhandle *handle);
+bool upb_pbdecoder_end(void *closure, const void *handler_data);
+
+/* Decoder-internal functions that the JIT calls to handle fallback paths. */
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_resume(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *p, const char *buf,
+                             size_t size, const upb_bufhandle *handle);
+size_t upb_pbdecoder_suspend(upb_pbdecoder *d);
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_skipunknown(upb_pbdecoder *d, int32_t fieldnum,
+                                  uint8_t wire_type);
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_checktag_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t expected);
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_varint_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t *u64);
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_f32(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint32_t *u32);
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_f64(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t *u64);
+void upb_pbdecoder_seterr(upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *msg);
+
+/* Error messages that are shared between the bytecode and JIT decoders. */
+extern const char *kPbDecoderStackOverflow;
+extern const char *kPbDecoderSubmessageTooLong;
+
+/* Access to decoderplan members needed by the decoder. */
+const char *upb_pbdecoder_getopname(unsigned int op);
+
+/* A special label that means "do field dispatch for this message and branch to
+ * wherever that takes you." */
+#define LABEL_DISPATCH 0
+
+/* A special slot in the dispatch table that stores the epilogue (ENDMSG and/or
+ * RET) for branching to when we find an appropriate ENDGROUP tag. */
+#define DISPATCH_ENDMSG 0
+
+/* It's important to use this invalid wire type instead of 0 (which is a valid
+ * wire type). */
+#define NO_WIRE_TYPE 0xff
+
+/* The dispatch table layout is:
+ *   [field number] -> [ 48-bit offset ][ 8-bit wt2 ][ 8-bit wt1 ]
+ *
+ * If wt1 matches, jump to the 48-bit offset.  If wt2 matches, lookup
+ * (UPB_MAX_FIELDNUMBER + fieldnum) and jump there.
+ *
+ * We need two wire types because of packed/non-packed compatibility.  A
+ * primitive repeated field can use either wire type and be valid.  While we
+ * could key the table on fieldnum+wiretype, the table would be 8x sparser.
+ *
+ * Storing two wire types in the primary value allows us to quickly rule out
+ * the second wire type without needing to do a separate lookup (this case is
+ * less common than an unknown field). */
+UPB_INLINE uint64_t upb_pbdecoder_packdispatch(uint64_t ofs, uint8_t wt1,
+                                               uint8_t wt2) {
+  return (ofs << 16) | (wt2 << 8) | wt1;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_pbdecoder_unpackdispatch(uint64_t dispatch, uint64_t *ofs,
+                                             uint8_t *wt1, uint8_t *wt2) {
+  *wt1 = (uint8_t)dispatch;
+  *wt2 = (uint8_t)(dispatch >> 8);
+  *ofs = dispatch >> 16;
+}
+
+/* All of the functions in decoder.c that return int32_t return values according
+ * to the following scheme:
+ *   1. negative values indicate a return code from the following list.
+ *   2. positive values indicate that error or end of buffer was hit, and
+ *      that the decode function should immediately return the given value
+ *      (the decoder state has already been suspended and is ready to be
+ *      resumed). */
+#define DECODE_OK -1
+#define DECODE_MISMATCH -2  /* Used only from checktag_slow(). */
+#define DECODE_ENDGROUP -3  /* Used only from checkunknown(). */
+
+#define CHECK_RETURN(x) { int32_t ret = x; if (ret >= 0) return ret; }
+
+
+#endif  /* UPB_DECODER_INT_H_ */
+/*
+** A number of routines for varint manipulation (we keep them all around to
+** have multiple approaches available for benchmarking).
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_VARINT_DECODER_H_
+#define UPB_VARINT_DECODER_H_
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define UPB_MAX_WIRE_TYPE 5
+
+/* The maximum number of bytes that it takes to encode a 64-bit varint. */
+#define UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN 10
+
+/* Array of the "native" (ie. non-packed-repeated) wire type for the given a
+ * descriptor type (upb_descriptortype_t). */
+extern const uint8_t upb_pb_native_wire_types[];
+
+UPB_INLINE uint64_t byteswap64(uint64_t val)
+{
+  return ((((val) & 0xff00000000000000ull) >> 56)
+    | (((val) & 0x00ff000000000000ull) >> 40)
+    | (((val) & 0x0000ff0000000000ull) >> 24)
+    | (((val) & 0x000000ff00000000ull) >> 8)
+    | (((val) & 0x00000000ff000000ull) << 8)
+    | (((val) & 0x0000000000ff0000ull) << 24)
+    | (((val) & 0x000000000000ff00ull) << 40)
+    | (((val) & 0x00000000000000ffull) << 56));
+}
+
+/* Zig-zag encoding/decoding **************************************************/
+
+UPB_INLINE int32_t upb_zzdec_32(uint32_t n) {
+  return (n >> 1) ^ -(int32_t)(n & 1);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int64_t upb_zzdec_64(uint64_t n) {
+  return (n >> 1) ^ -(int64_t)(n & 1);
+}
+UPB_INLINE uint32_t upb_zzenc_32(int32_t n) {
+  return ((uint32_t)n << 1) ^ (n >> 31);
+}
+UPB_INLINE uint64_t upb_zzenc_64(int64_t n) {
+  return ((uint64_t)n << 1) ^ (n >> 63);
+}
+
+/* Decoding *******************************************************************/
+
+/* All decoding functions return this struct by value. */
+typedef struct {
+  const char *p;  /* NULL if the varint was unterminated. */
+  uint64_t val;
+} upb_decoderet;
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_decoderet upb_decoderet_make(const char *p, uint64_t val) {
+  upb_decoderet ret;
+  ret.p = p;
+  ret.val = val;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_max8_branch32(upb_decoderet r);
+upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_max8_branch64(upb_decoderet r);
+
+/* Template for a function that checks the first two bytes with branching
+ * and dispatches 2-10 bytes with a separate function.  Note that this may read
+ * up to 10 bytes, so it must not be used unless there are at least ten bytes
+ * left in the buffer! */
+#define UPB_VARINT_DECODER_CHECK2(name, decode_max8_function)                  \
+UPB_INLINE upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_check2_ ## name(const char *_p) {         \
+  uint8_t *p = (uint8_t*)_p;                                                   \
+  upb_decoderet r;                                                             \
+  if ((*p & 0x80) == 0) {                                                      \
+  /* Common case: one-byte varint. */                                          \
+    return upb_decoderet_make(_p + 1, *p & 0x7fU);                             \
+  }                                                                            \
+  r = upb_decoderet_make(_p + 2, (*p & 0x7fU) | ((*(p + 1) & 0x7fU) << 7));    \
+  if ((*(p + 1) & 0x80) == 0) {                                                \
+    /* Two-byte varint. */                                                     \
+    return r;                                                                  \
+  }                                                                            \
+  /* Longer varint, fallback to out-of-line function. */                       \
+  return decode_max8_function(r);                                              \
+}
+
+UPB_VARINT_DECODER_CHECK2(branch32, upb_vdecode_max8_branch32)
+UPB_VARINT_DECODER_CHECK2(branch64, upb_vdecode_max8_branch64)
+#undef UPB_VARINT_DECODER_CHECK2
+
+/* Our canonical functions for decoding varints, based on the currently
+ * favored best-performing implementations. */
+UPB_INLINE upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_fast(const char *p) {
+  if (sizeof(long) == 8)
+    return upb_vdecode_check2_branch64(p);
+  else
+    return upb_vdecode_check2_branch32(p);
+}
+
+
+/* Encoding *******************************************************************/
+
+UPB_INLINE int upb_value_size(uint64_t val) {
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  int high_bit = 63 - __builtin_clzll(val);  /* 0-based, undef if val == 0. */
+#else
+  int high_bit = 0;
+  uint64_t tmp = val;
+  while(tmp >>= 1) high_bit++;
+#endif
+  return val == 0 ? 1 : high_bit / 8 + 1;
+}
+
+/* Encodes a 64-bit varint into buf (which must be >=UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN
+ * bytes long), returning how many bytes were used.
+ *
+ * TODO: benchmark and optimize if necessary. */
+UPB_INLINE size_t upb_vencode64(uint64_t val, char *buf) {
+  size_t i;
+  if (val == 0) { buf[0] = 0; return 1; }
+  i = 0;
+  while (val) {
+    uint8_t byte = val & 0x7fU;
+    val >>= 7;
+    if (val) byte |= 0x80U;
+    buf[i++] = byte;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE size_t upb_varint_size(uint64_t val) {
+  char buf[UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN];
+  return upb_vencode64(val, buf);
+}
+
+/* Encodes a 32-bit varint, *not* sign-extended. */
+UPB_INLINE uint64_t upb_vencode32(uint32_t val) {
+  char buf[UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN];
+  size_t bytes = upb_vencode64(val, buf);
+  uint64_t ret = 0;
+  UPB_ASSERT(bytes <= 5);
+  memcpy(&ret, buf, bytes);
+#ifdef UPB_BIG_ENDIAN
+  ret = byteswap64(ret);
+#endif
+  UPB_ASSERT(ret <= 0xffffffffffU);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+
+#endif  /* UPB_VARINT_DECODER_H_ */
+/*
+** upb::pb::Encoder (upb_pb_encoder)
+**
+** Implements a set of upb_handlers that write protobuf data to the binary wire
+** format.
+**
+** This encoder implementation does not have any access to any out-of-band or
+** precomputed lengths for submessages, so it must buffer submessages internally
+** before it can emit the first byte.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_ENCODER_H_
+#define UPB_ENCODER_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace upb {
+namespace pb {
+class EncoderPtr;
+}  /* namespace pb */
+}  /* namespace upb */
+#endif
+
+#define UPB_PBENCODER_MAX_NESTING 100
+
+/* upb_pb_encoder *************************************************************/
+
+/* Preallocation hint: decoder won't allocate more bytes than this when first
+ * constructed.  This hint may be an overestimate for some build configurations.
+ * But if the decoder library is upgraded without recompiling the application,
+ * it may be an underestimate. */
+#define UPB_PB_ENCODER_SIZE 784
+
+struct upb_pb_encoder;
+typedef struct upb_pb_encoder upb_pb_encoder;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+upb_sink upb_pb_encoder_input(upb_pb_encoder *p);
+upb_pb_encoder* upb_pb_encoder_create(upb_arena* a, const upb_handlers* h,
+                                      upb_bytessink output);
+
+/* Lazily builds and caches handlers that will push encoded data to a bytessink.
+ * Any msgdef objects used with this object must outlive it. */
+upb_handlercache *upb_pb_encoder_newcache(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" { */
+
+class upb::pb::EncoderPtr {
+ public:
+  EncoderPtr(upb_pb_encoder* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  upb_pb_encoder* ptr() { return ptr_; }
+
+  /* Creates a new encoder in the given environment.  The Handlers must have
+   * come from NewHandlers() below. */
+  static EncoderPtr Create(Arena* arena, const Handlers* handlers,
+                           BytesSink output) {
+    return EncoderPtr(
+        upb_pb_encoder_create(arena->ptr(), handlers, output.sink()));
+  }
+
+  /* The input to the encoder. */
+  upb::Sink input() { return upb_pb_encoder_input(ptr()); }
+
+  /* Creates a new set of handlers for this MessageDef. */
+  static HandlerCache NewCache() {
+    return HandlerCache(upb_pb_encoder_newcache());
+  }
+
+  static const size_t kSize = UPB_PB_ENCODER_SIZE;
+
+ private:
+  upb_pb_encoder* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+#endif  /* UPB_ENCODER_H_ */
+/*
+** upb::pb::TextPrinter (upb_textprinter)
+**
+** Handlers for writing to protobuf text format.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_TEXT_H_
+#define UPB_TEXT_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace upb {
+namespace pb {
+class TextPrinterPtr;
+}  /* namespace pb */
+}  /* namespace upb */
+#endif
+
+/* upb_textprinter ************************************************************/
+
+struct upb_textprinter;
+typedef struct upb_textprinter upb_textprinter;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* C API. */
+upb_textprinter *upb_textprinter_create(upb_arena *arena, const upb_handlers *h,
+                                        upb_bytessink output);
+void upb_textprinter_setsingleline(upb_textprinter *p, bool single_line);
+upb_sink upb_textprinter_input(upb_textprinter *p);
+upb_handlercache *upb_textprinter_newcache(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+class upb::pb::TextPrinterPtr {
+ public:
+  TextPrinterPtr(upb_textprinter* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  /* The given handlers must have come from NewHandlers().  It must outlive the
+   * TextPrinter. */
+  static TextPrinterPtr Create(Arena *arena, upb::HandlersPtr *handlers,
+                               BytesSink output) {
+    return TextPrinterPtr(
+        upb_textprinter_create(arena->ptr(), handlers->ptr(), output.sink()));
+  }
+
+  void SetSingleLineMode(bool single_line) {
+    upb_textprinter_setsingleline(ptr_, single_line);
+  }
+
+  Sink input() { return upb_textprinter_input(ptr_); }
+
+  /* If handler caching becomes a requirement we can add a code cache as in
+   * decoder.h */
+  static HandlerCache NewCache() {
+    return HandlerCache(upb_textprinter_newcache());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  upb_textprinter* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* UPB_TEXT_H_ */
+/*
+** upb::json::Parser (upb_json_parser)
+**
+** Parses JSON according to a specific schema.
+** Support for parsing arbitrary JSON (schema-less) will be added later.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_JSON_PARSER_H_
+#define UPB_JSON_PARSER_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace upb {
+namespace json {
+class CodeCache;
+class ParserPtr;
+class ParserMethodPtr;
+}  /* namespace json */
+}  /* namespace upb */
+#endif
+
+/* upb_json_parsermethod ******************************************************/
+
+struct upb_json_parsermethod;
+typedef struct upb_json_parsermethod upb_json_parsermethod;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+const upb_byteshandler* upb_json_parsermethod_inputhandler(
+    const upb_json_parsermethod* m);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+class upb::json::ParserMethodPtr {
+ public:
+  ParserMethodPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  ParserMethodPtr(const upb_json_parsermethod* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_json_parsermethod* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+
+  const BytesHandler* input_handler() const {
+    return upb_json_parsermethod_inputhandler(ptr());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const upb_json_parsermethod* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_json_parser ************************************************************/
+
+/* Preallocation hint: parser won't allocate more bytes than this when first
+ * constructed.  This hint may be an overestimate for some build configurations.
+ * But if the parser library is upgraded without recompiling the application,
+ * it may be an underestimate. */
+#define UPB_JSON_PARSER_SIZE 5712
+
+struct upb_json_parser;
+typedef struct upb_json_parser upb_json_parser;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+upb_json_parser* upb_json_parser_create(upb_arena* a,
+                                        const upb_json_parsermethod* m,
+                                        const upb_symtab* symtab,
+                                        upb_sink output,
+                                        upb_status *status,
+                                        bool ignore_json_unknown);
+upb_bytessink upb_json_parser_input(upb_json_parser* p);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* Parses an incoming BytesStream, pushing the results to the destination
+ * sink. */
+class upb::json::ParserPtr {
+ public:
+  ParserPtr(upb_json_parser* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  static ParserPtr Create(Arena* arena, ParserMethodPtr method,
+                          SymbolTable* symtab, Sink output, Status* status,
+                          bool ignore_json_unknown) {
+    upb_symtab* symtab_ptr = symtab ? symtab->ptr() : nullptr;
+    return ParserPtr(upb_json_parser_create(
+        arena->ptr(), method.ptr(), symtab_ptr, output.sink(), status->ptr(),
+        ignore_json_unknown));
+  }
+
+  BytesSink input() { return upb_json_parser_input(ptr_); }
+
+ private:
+  upb_json_parser* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_json_codecache *********************************************************/
+
+/* Lazily builds and caches decoder methods that will push data to the given
+ * handlers.  The upb_symtab object(s) must outlive this object. */
+
+struct upb_json_codecache;
+typedef struct upb_json_codecache upb_json_codecache;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+upb_json_codecache *upb_json_codecache_new(void);
+void upb_json_codecache_free(upb_json_codecache *cache);
+const upb_json_parsermethod* upb_json_codecache_get(upb_json_codecache* cache,
+                                                    const upb_msgdef* md);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+class upb::json::CodeCache {
+ public:
+  CodeCache() : ptr_(upb_json_codecache_new(), upb_json_codecache_free) {}
+
+  /* Returns a DecoderMethod that can push data to the given handlers.
+   * If a suitable method already exists, it will be returned from the cache. */
+  ParserMethodPtr Get(MessageDefPtr md) {
+    return upb_json_codecache_get(ptr_.get(), md.ptr());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<upb_json_codecache, decltype(&upb_json_codecache_free)> ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* UPB_JSON_PARSER_H_ */
+/*
+** upb::json::Printer
+**
+** Handlers that emit JSON according to a specific protobuf schema.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_JSON_TYPED_PRINTER_H_
+#define UPB_JSON_TYPED_PRINTER_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace upb {
+namespace json {
+class PrinterPtr;
+}  /* namespace json */
+}  /* namespace upb */
+#endif
+
+/* upb_json_printer ***********************************************************/
+
+#define UPB_JSON_PRINTER_SIZE 192
+
+struct upb_json_printer;
+typedef struct upb_json_printer upb_json_printer;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Native C API. */
+upb_json_printer *upb_json_printer_create(upb_arena *a, const upb_handlers *h,
+                                          upb_bytessink output);
+upb_sink upb_json_printer_input(upb_json_printer *p);
+const upb_handlers *upb_json_printer_newhandlers(const upb_msgdef *md,
+                                                 bool preserve_fieldnames,
+                                                 const void *owner);
+
+/* Lazily builds and caches handlers that will push encoded data to a bytessink.
+ * Any msgdef objects used with this object must outlive it. */
+upb_handlercache *upb_json_printer_newcache(bool preserve_proto_fieldnames);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* Prints an incoming stream of data to a BytesSink in JSON format. */
+class upb::json::PrinterPtr {
+ public:
+  PrinterPtr(upb_json_printer* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  static PrinterPtr Create(Arena *arena, const upb::Handlers *handlers,
+                           BytesSink output) {
+    return PrinterPtr(
+        upb_json_printer_create(arena->ptr(), handlers, output.sink()));
+  }
+
+  /* The input to the printer. */
+  Sink input() { return upb_json_printer_input(ptr_); }
+
+  static const size_t kSize = UPB_JSON_PRINTER_SIZE;
+
+  static HandlerCache NewCache(bool preserve_proto_fieldnames) {
+    return upb_json_printer_newcache(preserve_proto_fieldnames);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  upb_json_printer* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+#endif  /* UPB_JSON_TYPED_PRINTER_H_ */
+/* See port_def.inc.  This should #undef all macros #defined there. */
+
+#undef UPB_SIZE
+#undef UPB_FIELD_AT
+#undef UPB_READ_ONEOF
+#undef UPB_WRITE_ONEOF
+#undef UPB_INLINE
+#undef UPB_FORCEINLINE
+#undef UPB_NOINLINE
+#undef UPB_NORETURN
+#undef UPB_MAX
+#undef UPB_MIN
+#undef UPB_UNUSED
+#undef UPB_ASSERT
+#undef UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR
+#undef UPB_UNREACHABLE
+#undef UPB_INFINITY
+#undef UPB_MSVC_VSNPRINTF
+#undef _upb_snprintf
+#undef _upb_vsnprintf
+#undef _upb_va_copy
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/utf8.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/utf8.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2752a08b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/utf8.c
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+static const uint8_t utf8_offset[] = {
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+};
+
+bool is_structurally_valid_utf8(const char* buf, int len) {
+  int i, j;
+  uint8_t offset;
+
+  i = 0;
+  while (i < len) {
+    offset = utf8_offset[(uint8_t)buf[i]];
+    if (offset == 0 || i + offset > len) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (j = i + 1; j < i + offset; j++) {
+      if ((buf[j] & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    i += offset;
+  }
+  return i == len;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/utf8.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/utf8.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28b8d874a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/utf8.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_H_
+
+bool is_structurally_valid_utf8(const char* buf, int len);
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/generate_descriptor_protos.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/generate_descriptor_protos.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..372ad69c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/generate_descriptor_protos.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Run this script to regenerate desriptor protos after the protocol compiler
+# changes.
+
+if test ! -e src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h; then
+  cat >&2 << __EOF__
+Could not find source code.  Make sure you are running this script from the
+root of the distribution tree.
+__EOF__
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+pushd src
+./protoc --php_out=internal:../php/src google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+popd
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/phpunit.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/phpunit.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..769037cf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/phpunit.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<phpunit bootstrap="./tests/bootstrap_phpunit.php"
+         colors="true">
+  <testsuites>
+    <testsuite name="protobuf-tests">
+      <file>tests/php_implementation_test.php</file>
+      <file>tests/array_test.php</file>
+      <file>tests/encode_decode_test.php</file>
+      <file>tests/generated_class_test.php</file>
+      <file>tests/generated_phpdoc_test.php</file>
+      <file>tests/map_field_test.php</file>
+      <file>tests/well_known_test.php</file>
+      <file>tests/descriptors_test.php</file>
+      <file>tests/generated_service_test.php</file>
+      <file>tests/wrapper_type_setters_test.php</file>
+    </testsuite>
+  </testsuites>
+</phpunit>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/release.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/release.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6b0baac78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/release.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+
+# Make sure we are in a protobuf source tree.
+[ -f "php/release.sh" ] || {
+  echo "This script must be ran under root of protobuf source tree."
+  exit 1
+}
+
+VERSION=$1
+
+git clone https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf-php.git
+git clone https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf.git
+
+# Clean old files
+pushd protobuf-php
+rm -rf src
+popd
+
+# Checkout the target version
+pushd protobuf/php
+git checkout -b $VERSION
+popd
+
+# Copy files
+pushd protobuf-php
+mv ../protobuf/php/src src
+mv ../protobuf/composer.json composer.json
+sed -i 's|php/src|src|g' composer.json
+git add .
+git commit -m "$VERSION"
+git tag "$VERSION"
+popd
+
+# Clean up
+rm -rf protobuf
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Any.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Any.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22cc25008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Any.php
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/any.proto
+
+namespace GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf;
+
+class Any
+{
+    public static $is_initialized = false;
+
+    public static function initOnce() {
+        $pool = \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+        if (static::$is_initialized == true) {
+          return;
+        }
+        $pool->internalAddGeneratedFile(hex2bin(
+            "0acd010a19676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f616e792e70726f746f" .
+            "120f676f6f676c652e70726f746f62756622260a03416e7912100a087479" .
+            "70655f75726c180120012809120d0a0576616c756518022001280c426f0a" .
+            "13636f6d2e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275664208416e7950726f746f" .
+            "50015a256769746875622e636f6d2f676f6c616e672f70726f746f627566" .
+            "2f7074797065732f616e79a20203475042aa021e476f6f676c652e50726f" .
+            "746f6275662e57656c6c4b6e6f776e5479706573620670726f746f33"
+        ));
+
+        static::$is_initialized = true;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Api.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Api.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b18e0d33a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Api.php
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/api.proto
+
+namespace GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf;
+
+class Api
+{
+    public static $is_initialized = false;
+
+    public static function initOnce() {
+        $pool = \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+        if (static::$is_initialized == true) {
+          return;
+        }
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\SourceContext::initOnce();
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Type::initOnce();
+        $pool->internalAddGeneratedFile(hex2bin(
+            "0ac8050a19676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f6170692e70726f746f" .
+            "120f676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275661a1a676f6f676c652f70726f74" .
+            "6f6275662f747970652e70726f746f2281020a03417069120c0a046e616d" .
+            "6518012001280912280a076d6574686f647318022003280b32172e676f6f" .
+            "676c652e70726f746f6275662e4d6574686f6412280a076f7074696f6e73" .
+            "18032003280b32172e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e4f7074696f" .
+            "6e120f0a0776657273696f6e18042001280912360a0e736f757263655f63" .
+            "6f6e7465787418052001280b321e2e676f6f676c652e70726f746f627566" .
+            "2e536f75726365436f6e7465787412260a066d6978696e7318062003280b" .
+            "32162e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e4d6978696e12270a067379" .
+            "6e74617818072001280e32172e676f6f676c652e70726f746f6275662e53" .
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+        ));
+
+        static::$is_initialized = true;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Duration.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Duration.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1c85ad88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Duration.php
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/duration.proto
+
+namespace GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf;
+
+class Duration
+{
+    public static $is_initialized = false;
+
+    public static function initOnce() {
+        $pool = \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+        if (static::$is_initialized == true) {
+          return;
+        }
+        $pool->internalAddGeneratedFile(hex2bin(
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+            "6c6c4b6e6f776e5479706573620670726f746f33"
+        ));
+
+        static::$is_initialized = true;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/FieldMask.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/FieldMask.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5812be1e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/FieldMask.php
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
+
+namespace GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf;
+
+class FieldMask
+{
+    public static $is_initialized = false;
+
+    public static function initOnce() {
+        $pool = \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+        if (static::$is_initialized == true) {
+          return;
+        }
+        $pool->internalAddGeneratedFile(hex2bin(
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+        ));
+
+        static::$is_initialized = true;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/GPBEmpty.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/GPBEmpty.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88f42a11a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/GPBEmpty.php
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/empty.proto
+
+namespace GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf;
+
+class GPBEmpty
+{
+    public static $is_initialized = false;
+
+    public static function initOnce() {
+        $pool = \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+        if (static::$is_initialized == true) {
+          return;
+        }
+        $pool->internalAddGeneratedFile(hex2bin(
+            "0ab7010a1b676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f656d7074792e70726f" .
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+            "70726f746f33"
+        ));
+
+        static::$is_initialized = true;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Internal/Descriptor.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Internal/Descriptor.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6362f2bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Internal/Descriptor.php
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+class Descriptor
+{
+    public static $is_initialized = false;
+
+    public static function initOnce() {
+        $pool = \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+        if (static::$is_initialized == true) {
+          return;
+        }
+        $pool->addMessage('google.protobuf.internal.FileDescriptorSet', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileDescriptorSet::class)
+            ->repeated('file', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, 1, 'google.protobuf.internal.FileDescriptorProto')
+            ->finalizeToPool();
+
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+            ->optional('name', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::STRING, 1)
+            ->optional('package', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::STRING, 2)
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+            ->repeated('public_dependency', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::INT32, 10)
+            ->repeated('weak_dependency', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::INT32, 11)
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+            ->repeated('enum_type', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, 5, 'google.protobuf.internal.EnumDescriptorProto')
+            ->repeated('service', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, 6, 'google.protobuf.internal.ServiceDescriptorProto')
+            ->repeated('extension', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, 7, 'google.protobuf.internal.FieldDescriptorProto')
+            ->optional('options', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, 8, 'google.protobuf.internal.FileOptions')
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+            ->optional('syntax', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::STRING, 12)
+            ->finalizeToPool();
+
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+            ->repeated('extension', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, 6, 'google.protobuf.internal.FieldDescriptorProto')
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+
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+            ->required('is_extension', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::BOOL, 2)
+            ->finalizeToPool();
+
+        $pool->addMessage('google.protobuf.internal.SourceCodeInfo', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\SourceCodeInfo::class)
+            ->repeated('location', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, 1, 'google.protobuf.internal.SourceCodeInfo.Location')
+            ->finalizeToPool();
+
+        $pool->addMessage('google.protobuf.internal.SourceCodeInfo.Location', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\SourceCodeInfo\Location::class)
+            ->repeated('path', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::INT32, 1)
+            ->repeated('span', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::INT32, 2)
+            ->optional('leading_comments', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::STRING, 3)
+            ->optional('trailing_comments', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::STRING, 4)
+            ->repeated('leading_detached_comments', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::STRING, 6)
+            ->finalizeToPool();
+
+        $pool->addMessage('google.protobuf.internal.GeneratedCodeInfo', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GeneratedCodeInfo::class)
+            ->repeated('annotation', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, 1, 'google.protobuf.internal.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation')
+            ->finalizeToPool();
+
+        $pool->addMessage('google.protobuf.internal.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GeneratedCodeInfo\Annotation::class)
+            ->repeated('path', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::INT32, 1)
+            ->optional('source_file', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::STRING, 2)
+            ->optional('begin', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::INT32, 3)
+            ->optional('end', \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::INT32, 4)
+            ->finalizeToPool();
+
+        $pool->finish();
+        static::$is_initialized = true;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/SourceContext.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/SourceContext.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..495c6de41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/SourceContext.php
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/source_context.proto
+
+namespace GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf;
+
+class SourceContext
+{
+    public static $is_initialized = false;
+
+    public static function initOnce() {
+        $pool = \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+        if (static::$is_initialized == true) {
+          return;
+        }
+        $pool->internalAddGeneratedFile(hex2bin(
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+            "475042aa021e476f6f676c652e50726f746f6275662e57656c6c4b6e6f77" .
+            "6e5479706573620670726f746f33"
+        ));
+
+        static::$is_initialized = true;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Struct.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Struct.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96b42af41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Struct.php
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/struct.proto
+
+namespace GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf;
+
+class Struct
+{
+    public static $is_initialized = false;
+
+    public static function initOnce() {
+        $pool = \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+        if (static::$is_initialized == true) {
+          return;
+        }
+        $pool->internalAddGeneratedFile(hex2bin(
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+            "6e5479706573620670726f746f33"
+        ));
+
+        static::$is_initialized = true;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Timestamp.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Timestamp.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..373665c97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Timestamp.php
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
+
+namespace GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf;
+
+class Timestamp
+{
+    public static $is_initialized = false;
+
+    public static function initOnce() {
+        $pool = \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+        if (static::$is_initialized == true) {
+          return;
+        }
+        $pool->internalAddGeneratedFile(hex2bin(
+            "0ae7010a1f676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f74696d657374616d70" .
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+            "6d2f676f6c616e672f70726f746f6275662f7074797065732f74696d6573" .
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+            "662e57656c6c4b6e6f776e5479706573620670726f746f33"
+        ));
+
+        static::$is_initialized = true;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Type.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Type.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fbe8cbfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Type.php
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+namespace GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf;
+
+class Type
+{
+    public static $is_initialized = false;
+
+    public static function initOnce() {
+        $pool = \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+        if (static::$is_initialized == true) {
+          return;
+        }
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Any::initOnce();
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\SourceContext::initOnce();
+        $pool->internalAddGeneratedFile(hex2bin(
+            "0a9f0c0a1a676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f747970652e70726f74" .
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+            "6573620670726f746f33"
+        ));
+
+        static::$is_initialized = true;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Wrappers.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Wrappers.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd72ff48c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Wrappers.php
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+namespace GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf;
+
+class Wrappers
+{
+    public static $is_initialized = false;
+
+    public static function initOnce() {
+        $pool = \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+        if (static::$is_initialized == true) {
+          return;
+        }
+        $pool->internalAddGeneratedFile(hex2bin(
+            "0abf030a1e676f6f676c652f70726f746f6275662f77726170706572732e" .
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+            "7565120d0a0576616c7565180120012808221c0a0b537472696e6756616c" .
+            "7565120d0a0576616c7565180120012809221b0a0a427974657356616c75" .
+            "65120d0a0576616c756518012001280c427c0a13636f6d2e676f6f676c65" .
+            "2e70726f746f627566420d577261707065727350726f746f50015a2a6769" .
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+            "726f746f6275662e57656c6c4b6e6f776e5479706573620670726f746f33"
+        ));
+
+        static::$is_initialized = true;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Any.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Any.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cdbaa255a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Any.php
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/any.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * `Any` contains an arbitrary serialized protocol buffer message along with a
+ * URL that describes the type of the serialized message.
+ * Protobuf library provides support to pack/unpack Any values in the form
+ * of utility functions or additional generated methods of the Any type.
+ * Example 1: Pack and unpack a message in C++.
+ *     Foo foo = ...;
+ *     Any any;
+ *     any.PackFrom(foo);
+ *     ...
+ *     if (any.UnpackTo(&foo)) {
+ *       ...
+ *     }
+ * Example 2: Pack and unpack a message in Java.
+ *     Foo foo = ...;
+ *     Any any = Any.pack(foo);
+ *     ...
+ *     if (any.is(Foo.class)) {
+ *       foo = any.unpack(Foo.class);
+ *     }
+ *  Example 3: Pack and unpack a message in Python.
+ *     foo = Foo(...)
+ *     any = Any()
+ *     any.Pack(foo)
+ *     ...
+ *     if any.Is(Foo.DESCRIPTOR):
+ *       any.Unpack(foo)
+ *       ...
+ *  Example 4: Pack and unpack a message in Go
+ *      foo := &pb.Foo{...}
+ *      any, err := ptypes.MarshalAny(foo)
+ *      ...
+ *      foo := &pb.Foo{}
+ *      if err := ptypes.UnmarshalAny(any, foo); err != nil {
+ *        ...
+ *      }
+ * The pack methods provided by protobuf library will by default use
+ * 'type.googleapis.com/full.type.name' as the type URL and the unpack
+ * methods only use the fully qualified type name after the last '/'
+ * in the type URL, for example "foo.bar.com/x/y.z" will yield type
+ * name "y.z".
+ * JSON
+ * ====
+ * The JSON representation of an `Any` value uses the regular
+ * representation of the deserialized, embedded message, with an
+ * additional field `&#64;type` which contains the type URL. Example:
+ *     package google.profile;
+ *     message Person {
+ *       string first_name = 1;
+ *       string last_name = 2;
+ *     }
+ *     {
+ *       "&#64;type": "type.googleapis.com/google.profile.Person",
+ *       "firstName": <string>,
+ *       "lastName": <string>
+ *     }
+ * If the embedded message type is well-known and has a custom JSON
+ * representation, that representation will be embedded adding a field
+ * `value` which holds the custom JSON in addition to the `&#64;type`
+ * field. Example (for message [google.protobuf.Duration][]):
+ *     {
+ *       "&#64;type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration",
+ *       "value": "1.212s"
+ *     }
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Any</code>
+ */
+class Any extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * A URL/resource name that uniquely identifies the type of the serialized
+     * protocol buffer message. The last segment of the URL's path must represent
+     * the fully qualified name of the type (as in
+     * `path/google.protobuf.Duration`). The name should be in a canonical form
+     * (e.g., leading "." is not accepted).
+     * In practice, teams usually precompile into the binary all types that they
+     * expect it to use in the context of Any. However, for URLs which use the
+     * scheme `http`, `https`, or no scheme, one can optionally set up a type
+     * server that maps type URLs to message definitions as follows:
+     * * If no scheme is provided, `https` is assumed.
+     * * An HTTP GET on the URL must yield a [google.protobuf.Type][]
+     *   value in binary format, or produce an error.
+     * * Applications are allowed to cache lookup results based on the
+     *   URL, or have them precompiled into a binary to avoid any
+     *   lookup. Therefore, binary compatibility needs to be preserved
+     *   on changes to types. (Use versioned type names to manage
+     *   breaking changes.)
+     * Note: this functionality is not currently available in the official
+     * protobuf release, and it is not used for type URLs beginning with
+     * type.googleapis.com.
+     * Schemes other than `http`, `https` (or the empty scheme) might be
+     * used with implementation specific semantics.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string type_url = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $type_url = '';
+    /**
+     * Must be a valid serialized protocol buffer of the above specified type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bytes value = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $value = '';
+
+    const TYPE_URL_PREFIX = 'type.googleapis.com/';
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $type_url
+     *           A URL/resource name that uniquely identifies the type of the serialized
+     *           protocol buffer message. The last segment of the URL's path must represent
+     *           the fully qualified name of the type (as in
+     *           `path/google.protobuf.Duration`). The name should be in a canonical form
+     *           (e.g., leading "." is not accepted).
+     *           In practice, teams usually precompile into the binary all types that they
+     *           expect it to use in the context of Any. However, for URLs which use the
+     *           scheme `http`, `https`, or no scheme, one can optionally set up a type
+     *           server that maps type URLs to message definitions as follows:
+     *           * If no scheme is provided, `https` is assumed.
+     *           * An HTTP GET on the URL must yield a [google.protobuf.Type][]
+     *             value in binary format, or produce an error.
+     *           * Applications are allowed to cache lookup results based on the
+     *             URL, or have them precompiled into a binary to avoid any
+     *             lookup. Therefore, binary compatibility needs to be preserved
+     *             on changes to types. (Use versioned type names to manage
+     *             breaking changes.)
+     *           Note: this functionality is not currently available in the official
+     *           protobuf release, and it is not used for type URLs beginning with
+     *           type.googleapis.com.
+     *           Schemes other than `http`, `https` (or the empty scheme) might be
+     *           used with implementation specific semantics.
+     *     @type string $value
+     *           Must be a valid serialized protocol buffer of the above specified type.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Any::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A URL/resource name that uniquely identifies the type of the serialized
+     * protocol buffer message. The last segment of the URL's path must represent
+     * the fully qualified name of the type (as in
+     * `path/google.protobuf.Duration`). The name should be in a canonical form
+     * (e.g., leading "." is not accepted).
+     * In practice, teams usually precompile into the binary all types that they
+     * expect it to use in the context of Any. However, for URLs which use the
+     * scheme `http`, `https`, or no scheme, one can optionally set up a type
+     * server that maps type URLs to message definitions as follows:
+     * * If no scheme is provided, `https` is assumed.
+     * * An HTTP GET on the URL must yield a [google.protobuf.Type][]
+     *   value in binary format, or produce an error.
+     * * Applications are allowed to cache lookup results based on the
+     *   URL, or have them precompiled into a binary to avoid any
+     *   lookup. Therefore, binary compatibility needs to be preserved
+     *   on changes to types. (Use versioned type names to manage
+     *   breaking changes.)
+     * Note: this functionality is not currently available in the official
+     * protobuf release, and it is not used for type URLs beginning with
+     * type.googleapis.com.
+     * Schemes other than `http`, `https` (or the empty scheme) might be
+     * used with implementation specific semantics.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string type_url = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getTypeUrl()
+    {
+        return $this->type_url;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A URL/resource name that uniquely identifies the type of the serialized
+     * protocol buffer message. The last segment of the URL's path must represent
+     * the fully qualified name of the type (as in
+     * `path/google.protobuf.Duration`). The name should be in a canonical form
+     * (e.g., leading "." is not accepted).
+     * In practice, teams usually precompile into the binary all types that they
+     * expect it to use in the context of Any. However, for URLs which use the
+     * scheme `http`, `https`, or no scheme, one can optionally set up a type
+     * server that maps type URLs to message definitions as follows:
+     * * If no scheme is provided, `https` is assumed.
+     * * An HTTP GET on the URL must yield a [google.protobuf.Type][]
+     *   value in binary format, or produce an error.
+     * * Applications are allowed to cache lookup results based on the
+     *   URL, or have them precompiled into a binary to avoid any
+     *   lookup. Therefore, binary compatibility needs to be preserved
+     *   on changes to types. (Use versioned type names to manage
+     *   breaking changes.)
+     * Note: this functionality is not currently available in the official
+     * protobuf release, and it is not used for type URLs beginning with
+     * type.googleapis.com.
+     * Schemes other than `http`, `https` (or the empty scheme) might be
+     * used with implementation specific semantics.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string type_url = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setTypeUrl($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->type_url = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Must be a valid serialized protocol buffer of the above specified type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bytes value = 2;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getValue()
+    {
+        return $this->value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Must be a valid serialized protocol buffer of the above specified type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bytes value = 2;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, False);
+        $this->value = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method will try to resolve the type_url in Any message to get the
+     * targeted message type. If failed, an error will be thrown. Otherwise,
+     * the method will create a message of the targeted type and fill it with
+     * the decoded value in Any.
+     * @return unpacked message
+     * @throws \Exception Type url needs to be type.googleapis.com/fully-qulified.
+     * @throws \Exception Class hasn't been added to descriptor pool.
+     * @throws \Exception cannot decode data in value field.
+     */
+    public function unpack()
+    {
+        // Get fully qualifed name from type url.
+        $url_prifix_len = strlen(GPBUtil::TYPE_URL_PREFIX);
+        if (substr($this->type_url, 0, $url_prifix_len) !=
+                GPBUtil::TYPE_URL_PREFIX) {
+            throw new \Exception(
+                "Type url needs to be type.googleapis.com/fully-qulified");
+        }
+        $fully_qualifed_name =
+            substr($this->type_url, $url_prifix_len);
+
+        // Create message according to fully qualified name.
+        $pool = \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+        $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByProtoName( ".".$fully_qualifed_name);
+        if (is_null($desc)) {
+            throw new \Exception("Class ".$fully_qualifed_name
+                                     ." hasn't been added to descriptor pool");
+        }
+        $klass = $desc->getClass();
+        $msg = new $klass();
+
+        // Merge data into message.
+        $msg->mergeFromString($this->value);
+        return $msg;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The type_url will be created according to the given message’s type and
+     * the value is encoded data from the given message..
+     * @param message: A proto message.
+     */
+    public function pack($msg)
+    {
+        if (!$msg instanceof Message) {
+            trigger_error("Given parameter is not a message instance.",
+                          E_USER_ERROR);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Set value using serialzed message.
+        $this->value = $msg->serializeToString();
+
+        // Set type url.
+        $pool = \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+        $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName(get_class($msg));
+        $fully_qualifed_name = $desc->getFullName();
+        $this->type_url = GPBUtil::TYPE_URL_PREFIX.substr(
+            $fully_qualifed_name, 1, strlen($fully_qualifed_name));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns whether the type_url in any_message is corresponded
+     * to the given class.
+     * @param klass: The fully qualified PHP class name of a proto message type.
+     */
+    public function is($klass)
+    {
+        $pool = \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+        $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName($klass);
+        $fully_qualifed_name = $desc->getFullName();
+        $type_url = GPBUtil::TYPE_URL_PREFIX.substr(
+            $fully_qualifed_name, 1, strlen($fully_qualifed_name));
+        return $this->type_url === $type_url;
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Api.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Api.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db37ffb01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Api.php
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/api.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Api is a light-weight descriptor for an API Interface.
+ * Interfaces are also described as "protocol buffer services" in some contexts,
+ * such as by the "service" keyword in a .proto file, but they are different
+ * from API Services, which represent a concrete implementation of an interface
+ * as opposed to simply a description of methods and bindings. They are also
+ * sometimes simply referred to as "APIs" in other contexts, such as the name of
+ * this message itself. See https://cloud.google.com/apis/design/glossary for
+ * detailed terminology.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Api</code>
+ */
+class Api extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The fully qualified name of this interface, including package name
+     * followed by the interface's simple name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $name = '';
+    /**
+     * The methods of this interface, in unspecified order.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $methods;
+    /**
+     * Any metadata attached to the interface.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;</code>
+     */
+    private $options;
+    /**
+     * A version string for this interface. If specified, must have the form
+     * `major-version.minor-version`, as in `1.10`. If the minor version is
+     * omitted, it defaults to zero. If the entire version field is empty, the
+     * major version is derived from the package name, as outlined below. If the
+     * field is not empty, the version in the package name will be verified to be
+     * consistent with what is provided here.
+     * The versioning schema uses [semantic
+     * versioning](http://semver.org) where the major version number
+     * indicates a breaking change and the minor version an additive,
+     * non-breaking change. Both version numbers are signals to users
+     * what to expect from different versions, and should be carefully
+     * chosen based on the product plan.
+     * The major version is also reflected in the package name of the
+     * interface, which must end in `v<major-version>`, as in
+     * `google.feature.v1`. For major versions 0 and 1, the suffix can
+     * be omitted. Zero major versions must only be used for
+     * experimental, non-GA interfaces.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string version = 4;</code>
+     */
+    private $version = '';
+    /**
+     * Source context for the protocol buffer service represented by this
+     * message.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;</code>
+     */
+    private $source_context = null;
+    /**
+     * Included interfaces. See [Mixin][].
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Mixin mixins = 6;</code>
+     */
+    private $mixins;
+    /**
+     * The source syntax of the service.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;</code>
+     */
+    private $syntax = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *           The fully qualified name of this interface, including package name
+     *           followed by the interface's simple name.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Method[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $methods
+     *           The methods of this interface, in unspecified order.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Option[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $options
+     *           Any metadata attached to the interface.
+     *     @type string $version
+     *           A version string for this interface. If specified, must have the form
+     *           `major-version.minor-version`, as in `1.10`. If the minor version is
+     *           omitted, it defaults to zero. If the entire version field is empty, the
+     *           major version is derived from the package name, as outlined below. If the
+     *           field is not empty, the version in the package name will be verified to be
+     *           consistent with what is provided here.
+     *           The versioning schema uses [semantic
+     *           versioning](http://semver.org) where the major version number
+     *           indicates a breaking change and the minor version an additive,
+     *           non-breaking change. Both version numbers are signals to users
+     *           what to expect from different versions, and should be carefully
+     *           chosen based on the product plan.
+     *           The major version is also reflected in the package name of the
+     *           interface, which must end in `v<major-version>`, as in
+     *           `google.feature.v1`. For major versions 0 and 1, the suffix can
+     *           be omitted. Zero major versions must only be used for
+     *           experimental, non-GA interfaces.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\SourceContext $source_context
+     *           Source context for the protocol buffer service represented by this
+     *           message.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Mixin[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $mixins
+     *           Included interfaces. See [Mixin][].
+     *     @type int $syntax
+     *           The source syntax of the service.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Api::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The fully qualified name of this interface, including package name
+     * followed by the interface's simple name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The fully qualified name of this interface, including package name
+     * followed by the interface's simple name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The methods of this interface, in unspecified order.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getMethods()
+    {
+        return $this->methods;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The methods of this interface, in unspecified order.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Method[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setMethods($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Method::class);
+        $this->methods = $arr;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Any metadata attached to the interface.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Any metadata attached to the interface.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Option[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Option::class);
+        $this->options = $arr;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A version string for this interface. If specified, must have the form
+     * `major-version.minor-version`, as in `1.10`. If the minor version is
+     * omitted, it defaults to zero. If the entire version field is empty, the
+     * major version is derived from the package name, as outlined below. If the
+     * field is not empty, the version in the package name will be verified to be
+     * consistent with what is provided here.
+     * The versioning schema uses [semantic
+     * versioning](http://semver.org) where the major version number
+     * indicates a breaking change and the minor version an additive,
+     * non-breaking change. Both version numbers are signals to users
+     * what to expect from different versions, and should be carefully
+     * chosen based on the product plan.
+     * The major version is also reflected in the package name of the
+     * interface, which must end in `v<major-version>`, as in
+     * `google.feature.v1`. For major versions 0 and 1, the suffix can
+     * be omitted. Zero major versions must only be used for
+     * experimental, non-GA interfaces.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string version = 4;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getVersion()
+    {
+        return $this->version;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A version string for this interface. If specified, must have the form
+     * `major-version.minor-version`, as in `1.10`. If the minor version is
+     * omitted, it defaults to zero. If the entire version field is empty, the
+     * major version is derived from the package name, as outlined below. If the
+     * field is not empty, the version in the package name will be verified to be
+     * consistent with what is provided here.
+     * The versioning schema uses [semantic
+     * versioning](http://semver.org) where the major version number
+     * indicates a breaking change and the minor version an additive,
+     * non-breaking change. Both version numbers are signals to users
+     * what to expect from different versions, and should be carefully
+     * chosen based on the product plan.
+     * The major version is also reflected in the package name of the
+     * interface, which must end in `v<major-version>`, as in
+     * `google.feature.v1`. For major versions 0 and 1, the suffix can
+     * be omitted. Zero major versions must only be used for
+     * experimental, non-GA interfaces.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string version = 4;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setVersion($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->version = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Source context for the protocol buffer service represented by this
+     * message.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\SourceContext
+     */
+    public function getSourceContext()
+    {
+        return $this->source_context;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Source context for the protocol buffer service represented by this
+     * message.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\SourceContext $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setSourceContext($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\SourceContext::class);
+        $this->source_context = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Included interfaces. See [Mixin][].
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Mixin mixins = 6;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getMixins()
+    {
+        return $this->mixins;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Included interfaces. See [Mixin][].
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Mixin mixins = 6;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Mixin[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setMixins($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Mixin::class);
+        $this->mixins = $arr;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The source syntax of the service.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getSyntax()
+    {
+        return $this->syntax;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The source syntax of the service.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setSyntax($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Google\Protobuf\Syntax::class);
+        $this->syntax = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/BoolValue.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/BoolValue.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13872eb1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/BoolValue.php
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `bool`.
+ * The JSON representation for `BoolValue` is JSON `true` and `false`.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.BoolValue</code>
+ */
+class BoolValue extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The bool value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bool value = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $value = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type bool $value
+     *           The bool value.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Wrappers::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The bool value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bool value = 1;</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getValue()
+    {
+        return $this->value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The bool value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bool value = 1;</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->value = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/BytesValue.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/BytesValue.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1b381718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/BytesValue.php
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `bytes`.
+ * The JSON representation for `BytesValue` is JSON string.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.BytesValue</code>
+ */
+class BytesValue extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The bytes value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bytes value = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $value = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $value
+     *           The bytes value.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Wrappers::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The bytes value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bytes value = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getValue()
+    {
+        return $this->value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The bytes value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bytes value = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, False);
+        $this->value = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Descriptor.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Descriptor.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..986b81e12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Descriptor.php
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GetPublicDescriptorTrait;
+
+class Descriptor
+{
+    use GetPublicDescriptorTrait;
+
+    private $internal_desc;
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    public function __construct($internal_desc)
+    {
+        $this->internal_desc = $internal_desc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string Full protobuf message name
+     */
+    public function getFullName()
+    {
+        return trim($this->internal_desc->getFullName(), ".");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string PHP class name
+     */
+    public function getClass()
+    {
+        return $this->internal_desc->getClass();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param int $index Must be >= 0 and < getFieldCount()
+     * @return FieldDescriptor
+     */
+    public function getField($index)
+    {
+        return $this->getPublicDescriptor($this->internal_desc->getFieldByIndex($index));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return int Number of fields in message
+     */
+    public function getFieldCount()
+    {
+        return count($this->internal_desc->getField());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param int $index Must be >= 0 and < getOneofDeclCount()
+     * @return OneofDescriptor
+     */
+    public function getOneofDecl($index)
+    {
+        return $this->getPublicDescriptor($this->internal_desc->getOneofDecl()[$index]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return int Number of oneofs in message
+     */
+    public function getOneofDeclCount()
+    {
+        return count($this->internal_desc->getOneofDecl());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/DescriptorPool.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/DescriptorPool.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..119f0e2e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/DescriptorPool.php
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+class DescriptorPool
+{
+    private static $pool;
+
+    private $internal_pool;
+
+    /**
+     * @return DescriptorPool
+     */
+    public static function getGeneratedPool()
+    {
+        if (!isset(self::$pool)) {
+            self::$pool = new DescriptorPool(\Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool());
+        }
+        return self::$pool;
+    }
+
+    private function __construct($internal_pool)
+    {
+        $this->internal_pool = $internal_pool;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param string $className A fully qualified protobuf class name
+     * @return Descriptor
+     */
+    public function getDescriptorByClassName($className)
+    {
+        $desc = $this->internal_pool->getDescriptorByClassName($className);
+        return is_null($desc) ? null : $desc->getPublicDescriptor();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param string $className A fully qualified protobuf class name
+     * @return EnumDescriptor
+     */
+    public function getEnumDescriptorByClassName($className)
+    {
+        $desc = $this->internal_pool->getEnumDescriptorByClassName($className);
+        return is_null($desc) ? null : $desc->getPublicDescriptor();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/DoubleValue.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/DoubleValue.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..236d91822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/DoubleValue.php
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `double`.
+ * The JSON representation for `DoubleValue` is JSON number.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.DoubleValue</code>
+ */
+class DoubleValue extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The double value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>double value = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $value = 0.0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type float $value
+     *           The double value.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Wrappers::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The double value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>double value = 1;</code>
+     * @return float
+     */
+    public function getValue()
+    {
+        return $this->value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The double value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>double value = 1;</code>
+     * @param float $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkDouble($var);
+        $this->value = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Duration.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Duration.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..414a1868b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Duration.php
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/duration.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * A Duration represents a signed, fixed-length span of time represented
+ * as a count of seconds and fractions of seconds at nanosecond
+ * resolution. It is independent of any calendar and concepts like "day"
+ * or "month". It is related to Timestamp in that the difference between
+ * two Timestamp values is a Duration and it can be added or subtracted
+ * from a Timestamp. Range is approximately +-10,000 years.
+ * # Examples
+ * Example 1: Compute Duration from two Timestamps in pseudo code.
+ *     Timestamp start = ...;
+ *     Timestamp end = ...;
+ *     Duration duration = ...;
+ *     duration.seconds = end.seconds - start.seconds;
+ *     duration.nanos = end.nanos - start.nanos;
+ *     if (duration.seconds < 0 && duration.nanos > 0) {
+ *       duration.seconds += 1;
+ *       duration.nanos -= 1000000000;
+ *     } else if (durations.seconds > 0 && duration.nanos < 0) {
+ *       duration.seconds -= 1;
+ *       duration.nanos += 1000000000;
+ *     }
+ * Example 2: Compute Timestamp from Timestamp + Duration in pseudo code.
+ *     Timestamp start = ...;
+ *     Duration duration = ...;
+ *     Timestamp end = ...;
+ *     end.seconds = start.seconds + duration.seconds;
+ *     end.nanos = start.nanos + duration.nanos;
+ *     if (end.nanos < 0) {
+ *       end.seconds -= 1;
+ *       end.nanos += 1000000000;
+ *     } else if (end.nanos >= 1000000000) {
+ *       end.seconds += 1;
+ *       end.nanos -= 1000000000;
+ *     }
+ * Example 3: Compute Duration from datetime.timedelta in Python.
+ *     td = datetime.timedelta(days=3, minutes=10)
+ *     duration = Duration()
+ *     duration.FromTimedelta(td)
+ * # JSON Mapping
+ * In JSON format, the Duration type is encoded as a string rather than an
+ * object, where the string ends in the suffix "s" (indicating seconds) and
+ * is preceded by the number of seconds, with nanoseconds expressed as
+ * fractional seconds. For example, 3 seconds with 0 nanoseconds should be
+ * encoded in JSON format as "3s", while 3 seconds and 1 nanosecond should
+ * be expressed in JSON format as "3.000000001s", and 3 seconds and 1
+ * microsecond should be expressed in JSON format as "3.000001s".
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Duration</code>
+ */
+class Duration extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Signed seconds of the span of time. Must be from -315,576,000,000
+     * to +315,576,000,000 inclusive. Note: these bounds are computed from:
+     * 60 sec/min * 60 min/hr * 24 hr/day * 365.25 days/year * 10000 years
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int64 seconds = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $seconds = 0;
+    /**
+     * Signed fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution of the span
+     * of time. Durations less than one second are represented with a 0
+     * `seconds` field and a positive or negative `nanos` field. For durations
+     * of one second or more, a non-zero value for the `nanos` field must be
+     * of the same sign as the `seconds` field. Must be from -999,999,999
+     * to +999,999,999 inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 nanos = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $nanos = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type int|string $seconds
+     *           Signed seconds of the span of time. Must be from -315,576,000,000
+     *           to +315,576,000,000 inclusive. Note: these bounds are computed from:
+     *           60 sec/min * 60 min/hr * 24 hr/day * 365.25 days/year * 10000 years
+     *     @type int $nanos
+     *           Signed fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution of the span
+     *           of time. Durations less than one second are represented with a 0
+     *           `seconds` field and a positive or negative `nanos` field. For durations
+     *           of one second or more, a non-zero value for the `nanos` field must be
+     *           of the same sign as the `seconds` field. Must be from -999,999,999
+     *           to +999,999,999 inclusive.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Duration::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Signed seconds of the span of time. Must be from -315,576,000,000
+     * to +315,576,000,000 inclusive. Note: these bounds are computed from:
+     * 60 sec/min * 60 min/hr * 24 hr/day * 365.25 days/year * 10000 years
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int64 seconds = 1;</code>
+     * @return int|string
+     */
+    public function getSeconds()
+    {
+        return $this->seconds;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Signed seconds of the span of time. Must be from -315,576,000,000
+     * to +315,576,000,000 inclusive. Note: these bounds are computed from:
+     * 60 sec/min * 60 min/hr * 24 hr/day * 365.25 days/year * 10000 years
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int64 seconds = 1;</code>
+     * @param int|string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setSeconds($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt64($var);
+        $this->seconds = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Signed fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution of the span
+     * of time. Durations less than one second are represented with a 0
+     * `seconds` field and a positive or negative `nanos` field. For durations
+     * of one second or more, a non-zero value for the `nanos` field must be
+     * of the same sign as the `seconds` field. Must be from -999,999,999
+     * to +999,999,999 inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 nanos = 2;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getNanos()
+    {
+        return $this->nanos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Signed fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution of the span
+     * of time. Durations less than one second are represented with a 0
+     * `seconds` field and a positive or negative `nanos` field. For durations
+     * of one second or more, a non-zero value for the `nanos` field must be
+     * of the same sign as the `seconds` field. Must be from -999,999,999
+     * to +999,999,999 inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 nanos = 2;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setNanos($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->nanos = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Enum.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Enum.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..243c40d28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Enum.php
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Enum type definition.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Enum</code>
+ */
+class Enum extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Enum type name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $name = '';
+    /**
+     * Enum value definitions.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $enumvalue;
+    /**
+     * Protocol buffer options.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;</code>
+     */
+    private $options;
+    /**
+     * The source context.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;</code>
+     */
+    private $source_context = null;
+    /**
+     * The source syntax.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 5;</code>
+     */
+    private $syntax = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *           Enum type name.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\EnumValue[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $enumvalue
+     *           Enum value definitions.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Option[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $options
+     *           Protocol buffer options.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\SourceContext $source_context
+     *           The source context.
+     *     @type int $syntax
+     *           The source syntax.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Type::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enum type name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enum type name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enum value definitions.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getEnumvalue()
+    {
+        return $this->enumvalue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enum value definitions.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\EnumValue[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setEnumvalue($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\EnumValue::class);
+        $this->enumvalue = $arr;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Protocol buffer options.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Protocol buffer options.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Option[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Option::class);
+        $this->options = $arr;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The source context.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\SourceContext
+     */
+    public function getSourceContext()
+    {
+        return $this->source_context;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The source context.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\SourceContext $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setSourceContext($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\SourceContext::class);
+        $this->source_context = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The source syntax.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 5;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getSyntax()
+    {
+        return $this->syntax;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The source syntax.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 5;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setSyntax($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Google\Protobuf\Syntax::class);
+        $this->syntax = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/EnumDescriptor.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/EnumDescriptor.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8b56c0d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/EnumDescriptor.php
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+class EnumDescriptor
+{
+    private $internal_desc;
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    public function __construct($internal_desc)
+    {
+        $this->internal_desc = $internal_desc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string Full protobuf message name
+     */
+    public function getFullName()
+    {
+        return $this->internal_desc->getFullName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string PHP class name
+     */
+    public function getClass()
+    {
+        return $this->internal_desc->getClass();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param int $index Must be >= 0 and < getValueCount()
+     * @return EnumValueDescriptor
+     */
+    public function getValue($index)
+    {
+        return $this->internal_desc->getValueDescriptorByIndex($index);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return int Number of values in enum
+     */
+    public function getValueCount()
+    {
+        return $this->internal_desc->getValueCount();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/EnumValue.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/EnumValue.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1dc3c7a6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/EnumValue.php
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Enum value definition.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.EnumValue</code>
+ */
+class EnumValue extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Enum value name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $name = '';
+    /**
+     * Enum value number.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 number = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $number = 0;
+    /**
+     * Protocol buffer options.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;</code>
+     */
+    private $options;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *           Enum value name.
+     *     @type int $number
+     *           Enum value number.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Option[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $options
+     *           Protocol buffer options.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Type::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enum value name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enum value name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enum value number.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 number = 2;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getNumber()
+    {
+        return $this->number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enum value number.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 number = 2;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setNumber($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->number = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Protocol buffer options.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Protocol buffer options.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Option[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Option::class);
+        $this->options = $arr;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/EnumValueDescriptor.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/EnumValueDescriptor.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e76e19971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/EnumValueDescriptor.php
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+class EnumValueDescriptor
+{
+    private $name;
+    private $number;
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    public function __construct($name, $number)
+    {
+        $this->name = $name;
+        $this->number = $number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getNumber()
+    {
+        return $this->number;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8da43e34d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field.php
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * A single field of a message type.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Field</code>
+ */
+class Field extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The field type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $kind = 0;
+    /**
+     * The field cardinality.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $cardinality = 0;
+    /**
+     * The field number.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 number = 3;</code>
+     */
+    private $number = 0;
+    /**
+     * The field name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 4;</code>
+     */
+    private $name = '';
+    /**
+     * The field type URL, without the scheme, for message or enumeration
+     * types. Example: `"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"`.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string type_url = 6;</code>
+     */
+    private $type_url = '';
+    /**
+     * The index of the field type in `Type.oneofs`, for message or enumeration
+     * types. The first type has index 1; zero means the type is not in the list.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 oneof_index = 7;</code>
+     */
+    private $oneof_index = 0;
+    /**
+     * Whether to use alternative packed wire representation.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bool packed = 8;</code>
+     */
+    private $packed = false;
+    /**
+     * The protocol buffer options.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;</code>
+     */
+    private $options;
+    /**
+     * The field JSON name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string json_name = 10;</code>
+     */
+    private $json_name = '';
+    /**
+     * The string value of the default value of this field. Proto2 syntax only.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string default_value = 11;</code>
+     */
+    private $default_value = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type int $kind
+     *           The field type.
+     *     @type int $cardinality
+     *           The field cardinality.
+     *     @type int $number
+     *           The field number.
+     *     @type string $name
+     *           The field name.
+     *     @type string $type_url
+     *           The field type URL, without the scheme, for message or enumeration
+     *           types. Example: `"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"`.
+     *     @type int $oneof_index
+     *           The index of the field type in `Type.oneofs`, for message or enumeration
+     *           types. The first type has index 1; zero means the type is not in the list.
+     *     @type bool $packed
+     *           Whether to use alternative packed wire representation.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Option[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $options
+     *           The protocol buffer options.
+     *     @type string $json_name
+     *           The field JSON name.
+     *     @type string $default_value
+     *           The string value of the default value of this field. Proto2 syntax only.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Type::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The field type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getKind()
+    {
+        return $this->kind;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The field type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setKind($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Google\Protobuf\Field_Kind::class);
+        $this->kind = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The field cardinality.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getCardinality()
+    {
+        return $this->cardinality;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The field cardinality.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setCardinality($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Google\Protobuf\Field_Cardinality::class);
+        $this->cardinality = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The field number.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 number = 3;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getNumber()
+    {
+        return $this->number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The field number.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 number = 3;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setNumber($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->number = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The field name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 4;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The field name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 4;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The field type URL, without the scheme, for message or enumeration
+     * types. Example: `"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"`.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string type_url = 6;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getTypeUrl()
+    {
+        return $this->type_url;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The field type URL, without the scheme, for message or enumeration
+     * types. Example: `"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"`.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string type_url = 6;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setTypeUrl($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->type_url = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The index of the field type in `Type.oneofs`, for message or enumeration
+     * types. The first type has index 1; zero means the type is not in the list.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 oneof_index = 7;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getOneofIndex()
+    {
+        return $this->oneof_index;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The index of the field type in `Type.oneofs`, for message or enumeration
+     * types. The first type has index 1; zero means the type is not in the list.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 oneof_index = 7;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOneofIndex($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->oneof_index = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether to use alternative packed wire representation.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bool packed = 8;</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getPacked()
+    {
+        return $this->packed;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether to use alternative packed wire representation.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bool packed = 8;</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setPacked($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->packed = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The protocol buffer options.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The protocol buffer options.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Option[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Option::class);
+        $this->options = $arr;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The field JSON name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string json_name = 10;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getJsonName()
+    {
+        return $this->json_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The field JSON name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string json_name = 10;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setJsonName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->json_name = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The string value of the default value of this field. Proto2 syntax only.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string default_value = 11;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getDefaultValue()
+    {
+        return $this->default_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The string value of the default value of this field. Proto2 syntax only.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string default_value = 11;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setDefaultValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->default_value = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field/Cardinality.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field/Cardinality.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..479dc0bfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field/Cardinality.php
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Field;
+
+use UnexpectedValueException;
+
+/**
+ * Whether a field is optional, required, or repeated.
+ *
+ * Protobuf type <code>google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality</code>
+ */
+class Cardinality
+{
+    /**
+     * For fields with unknown cardinality.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN = 0;</code>
+     */
+    const CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN = 0;
+    /**
+     * For optional fields.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL = 1;</code>
+     */
+    const CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL = 1;
+    /**
+     * For required fields. Proto2 syntax only.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>CARDINALITY_REQUIRED = 2;</code>
+     */
+    const CARDINALITY_REQUIRED = 2;
+    /**
+     * For repeated fields.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>CARDINALITY_REPEATED = 3;</code>
+     */
+    const CARDINALITY_REPEATED = 3;
+
+    private static $valueToName = [
+        self::CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN => 'CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN',
+        self::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL => 'CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL',
+        self::CARDINALITY_REQUIRED => 'CARDINALITY_REQUIRED',
+        self::CARDINALITY_REPEATED => 'CARDINALITY_REPEATED',
+    ];
+
+    public static function name($value)
+    {
+        if (!isset(self::$valueToName[$value])) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no name defined for value %s', __CLASS__, $value));
+        }
+        return self::$valueToName[$value];
+    }
+
+    public static function value($name)
+    {
+        $const = __CLASS__ . '::' . strtoupper($name);
+        if (!defined($const)) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no value defined for name %s', __CLASS__, $name));
+        }
+        return constant($const);
+    }
+}
+
+// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
+class_alias(Cardinality::class, \Google\Protobuf\Field_Cardinality::class);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field/Kind.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field/Kind.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f30bd2f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field/Kind.php
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Field;
+
+use UnexpectedValueException;
+
+/**
+ * Basic field types.
+ *
+ * Protobuf type <code>google.protobuf.Field.Kind</code>
+ */
+class Kind
+{
+    /**
+     * Field type unknown.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0;
+    /**
+     * Field type double.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_DOUBLE = 1;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_DOUBLE = 1;
+    /**
+     * Field type float.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_FLOAT = 2;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_FLOAT = 2;
+    /**
+     * Field type int64.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_INT64 = 3;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_INT64 = 3;
+    /**
+     * Field type uint64.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_UINT64 = 4;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_UINT64 = 4;
+    /**
+     * Field type int32.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_INT32 = 5;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_INT32 = 5;
+    /**
+     * Field type fixed64.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_FIXED64 = 6;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_FIXED64 = 6;
+    /**
+     * Field type fixed32.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_FIXED32 = 7;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_FIXED32 = 7;
+    /**
+     * Field type bool.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_BOOL = 8;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_BOOL = 8;
+    /**
+     * Field type string.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_STRING = 9;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_STRING = 9;
+    /**
+     * Field type group. Proto2 syntax only, and deprecated.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_GROUP = 10;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_GROUP = 10;
+    /**
+     * Field type message.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_MESSAGE = 11;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_MESSAGE = 11;
+    /**
+     * Field type bytes.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_BYTES = 12;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_BYTES = 12;
+    /**
+     * Field type uint32.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_UINT32 = 13;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_UINT32 = 13;
+    /**
+     * Field type enum.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_ENUM = 14;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_ENUM = 14;
+    /**
+     * Field type sfixed32.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15;
+    /**
+     * Field type sfixed64.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16;
+    /**
+     * Field type sint32.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_SINT32 = 17;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_SINT32 = 17;
+    /**
+     * Field type sint64.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_SINT64 = 18;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_SINT64 = 18;
+
+    private static $valueToName = [
+        self::TYPE_UNKNOWN => 'TYPE_UNKNOWN',
+        self::TYPE_DOUBLE => 'TYPE_DOUBLE',
+        self::TYPE_FLOAT => 'TYPE_FLOAT',
+        self::TYPE_INT64 => 'TYPE_INT64',
+        self::TYPE_UINT64 => 'TYPE_UINT64',
+        self::TYPE_INT32 => 'TYPE_INT32',
+        self::TYPE_FIXED64 => 'TYPE_FIXED64',
+        self::TYPE_FIXED32 => 'TYPE_FIXED32',
+        self::TYPE_BOOL => 'TYPE_BOOL',
+        self::TYPE_STRING => 'TYPE_STRING',
+        self::TYPE_GROUP => 'TYPE_GROUP',
+        self::TYPE_MESSAGE => 'TYPE_MESSAGE',
+        self::TYPE_BYTES => 'TYPE_BYTES',
+        self::TYPE_UINT32 => 'TYPE_UINT32',
+        self::TYPE_ENUM => 'TYPE_ENUM',
+        self::TYPE_SFIXED32 => 'TYPE_SFIXED32',
+        self::TYPE_SFIXED64 => 'TYPE_SFIXED64',
+        self::TYPE_SINT32 => 'TYPE_SINT32',
+        self::TYPE_SINT64 => 'TYPE_SINT64',
+    ];
+
+    public static function name($value)
+    {
+        if (!isset(self::$valueToName[$value])) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no name defined for value %s', __CLASS__, $value));
+        }
+        return self::$valueToName[$value];
+    }
+
+    public static function value($name)
+    {
+        $const = __CLASS__ . '::' . strtoupper($name);
+        if (!defined($const)) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no value defined for name %s', __CLASS__, $name));
+        }
+        return constant($const);
+    }
+}
+
+// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
+class_alias(Kind::class, \Google\Protobuf\Field_Kind::class);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/FieldDescriptor.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/FieldDescriptor.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac9271f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/FieldDescriptor.php
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GetPublicDescriptorTrait;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+
+class FieldDescriptor
+{
+    use GetPublicDescriptorTrait;
+
+    private $internal_desc;
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    public function __construct($internal_desc)
+    {
+        $this->internal_desc = $internal_desc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string Field name
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->internal_desc->getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return int Protobuf field number
+     */
+    public function getNumber()
+    {
+        return $this->internal_desc->getNumber();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getLabel()
+    {
+        return $this->internal_desc->getLabel();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getType()
+    {
+        return $this->internal_desc->getType();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Descriptor Returns a descriptor for the field type if the field type is a message, otherwise throws \Exception
+     * @throws \Exception
+     */
+    public function getMessageType()
+    {
+        if ($this->getType() == GPBType::MESSAGE) {
+            return $this->getPublicDescriptor($this->internal_desc->getMessageType());
+        } else {
+            throw new \Exception("Cannot get message type for non-message field '" . $this->getName() . "'");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return EnumDescriptor Returns an enum descriptor if the field type is an enum, otherwise throws \Exception
+     * @throws \Exception
+     */
+    public function getEnumType()
+    {
+        if ($this->getType() == GPBType::ENUM) {
+            return $this->getPublicDescriptor($this->internal_desc->getEnumType());
+        } else {
+            throw new \Exception("Cannot get enum type for non-enum field '" . $this->getName() . "'");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public function isMap()
+    {
+        return $this->internal_desc->isMap();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/FieldMask.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/FieldMask.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fb38cbfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/FieldMask.php
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * `FieldMask` represents a set of symbolic field paths, for example:
+ *     paths: "f.a"
+ *     paths: "f.b.d"
+ * Here `f` represents a field in some root message, `a` and `b`
+ * fields in the message found in `f`, and `d` a field found in the
+ * message in `f.b`.
+ * Field masks are used to specify a subset of fields that should be
+ * returned by a get operation or modified by an update operation.
+ * Field masks also have a custom JSON encoding (see below).
+ * # Field Masks in Projections
+ * When used in the context of a projection, a response message or
+ * sub-message is filtered by the API to only contain those fields as
+ * specified in the mask. For example, if the mask in the previous
+ * example is applied to a response message as follows:
+ *     f {
+ *       a : 22
+ *       b {
+ *         d : 1
+ *         x : 2
+ *       }
+ *       y : 13
+ *     }
+ *     z: 8
+ * The result will not contain specific values for fields x,y and z
+ * (their value will be set to the default, and omitted in proto text
+ * output):
+ *     f {
+ *       a : 22
+ *       b {
+ *         d : 1
+ *       }
+ *     }
+ * A repeated field is not allowed except at the last position of a
+ * paths string.
+ * If a FieldMask object is not present in a get operation, the
+ * operation applies to all fields (as if a FieldMask of all fields
+ * had been specified).
+ * Note that a field mask does not necessarily apply to the
+ * top-level response message. In case of a REST get operation, the
+ * field mask applies directly to the response, but in case of a REST
+ * list operation, the mask instead applies to each individual message
+ * in the returned resource list. In case of a REST custom method,
+ * other definitions may be used. Where the mask applies will be
+ * clearly documented together with its declaration in the API.  In
+ * any case, the effect on the returned resource/resources is required
+ * behavior for APIs.
+ * # Field Masks in Update Operations
+ * A field mask in update operations specifies which fields of the
+ * targeted resource are going to be updated. The API is required
+ * to only change the values of the fields as specified in the mask
+ * and leave the others untouched. If a resource is passed in to
+ * describe the updated values, the API ignores the values of all
+ * fields not covered by the mask.
+ * If a repeated field is specified for an update operation, the existing
+ * repeated values in the target resource will be overwritten by the new values.
+ * Note that a repeated field is only allowed in the last position of a `paths`
+ * string.
+ * If a sub-message is specified in the last position of the field mask for an
+ * update operation, then the existing sub-message in the target resource is
+ * overwritten. Given the target message:
+ *     f {
+ *       b {
+ *         d : 1
+ *         x : 2
+ *       }
+ *       c : 1
+ *     }
+ * And an update message:
+ *     f {
+ *       b {
+ *         d : 10
+ *       }
+ *     }
+ * then if the field mask is:
+ *  paths: "f.b"
+ * then the result will be:
+ *     f {
+ *       b {
+ *         d : 10
+ *       }
+ *       c : 1
+ *     }
+ * However, if the update mask was:
+ *  paths: "f.b.d"
+ * then the result would be:
+ *     f {
+ *       b {
+ *         d : 10
+ *         x : 2
+ *       }
+ *       c : 1
+ *     }
+ * In order to reset a field's value to the default, the field must
+ * be in the mask and set to the default value in the provided resource.
+ * Hence, in order to reset all fields of a resource, provide a default
+ * instance of the resource and set all fields in the mask, or do
+ * not provide a mask as described below.
+ * If a field mask is not present on update, the operation applies to
+ * all fields (as if a field mask of all fields has been specified).
+ * Note that in the presence of schema evolution, this may mean that
+ * fields the client does not know and has therefore not filled into
+ * the request will be reset to their default. If this is unwanted
+ * behavior, a specific service may require a client to always specify
+ * a field mask, producing an error if not.
+ * As with get operations, the location of the resource which
+ * describes the updated values in the request message depends on the
+ * operation kind. In any case, the effect of the field mask is
+ * required to be honored by the API.
+ * ## Considerations for HTTP REST
+ * The HTTP kind of an update operation which uses a field mask must
+ * be set to PATCH instead of PUT in order to satisfy HTTP semantics
+ * (PUT must only be used for full updates).
+ * # JSON Encoding of Field Masks
+ * In JSON, a field mask is encoded as a single string where paths are
+ * separated by a comma. Fields name in each path are converted
+ * to/from lower-camel naming conventions.
+ * As an example, consider the following message declarations:
+ *     message Profile {
+ *       User user = 1;
+ *       Photo photo = 2;
+ *     }
+ *     message User {
+ *       string display_name = 1;
+ *       string address = 2;
+ *     }
+ * In proto a field mask for `Profile` may look as such:
+ *     mask {
+ *       paths: "user.display_name"
+ *       paths: "photo"
+ *     }
+ * In JSON, the same mask is represented as below:
+ *     {
+ *       mask: "user.displayName,photo"
+ *     }
+ * # Field Masks and Oneof Fields
+ * Field masks treat fields in oneofs just as regular fields. Consider the
+ * following message:
+ *     message SampleMessage {
+ *       oneof test_oneof {
+ *         string name = 4;
+ *         SubMessage sub_message = 9;
+ *       }
+ *     }
+ * The field mask can be:
+ *     mask {
+ *       paths: "name"
+ *     }
+ * Or:
+ *     mask {
+ *       paths: "sub_message"
+ *     }
+ * Note that oneof type names ("test_oneof" in this case) cannot be used in
+ * paths.
+ * ## Field Mask Verification
+ * The implementation of any API method which has a FieldMask type field in the
+ * request should verify the included field paths, and return an
+ * `INVALID_ARGUMENT` error if any path is duplicated or unmappable.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.FieldMask</code>
+ */
+class FieldMask extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The set of field mask paths.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string paths = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $paths;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $paths
+     *           The set of field mask paths.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\FieldMask::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The set of field mask paths.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string paths = 1;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getPaths()
+    {
+        return $this->paths;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The set of field mask paths.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string paths = 1;</code>
+     * @param string[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setPaths($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::STRING);
+        $this->paths = $arr;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field_Cardinality.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field_Cardinality.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dff8f8931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field_Cardinality.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+if (false) {
+    /**
+     * This class is deprecated. Use Google\Protobuf\Field\Cardinality instead.
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    class Field_Cardinality {}
+}
+class_exists(Field\Cardinality::class);
+@trigger_error('Google\Protobuf\Field_Cardinality is deprecated and will be removed in the next major release. Use Google\Protobuf\Field\Cardinality instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field_Kind.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field_Kind.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa2023704
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Field_Kind.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+if (false) {
+    /**
+     * This class is deprecated. Use Google\Protobuf\Field\Kind instead.
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    class Field_Kind {}
+}
+class_exists(Field\Kind::class);
+@trigger_error('Google\Protobuf\Field_Kind is deprecated and will be removed in the next major release. Use Google\Protobuf\Field\Kind instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/FloatValue.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/FloatValue.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47ba52e6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/FloatValue.php
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `float`.
+ * The JSON representation for `FloatValue` is JSON number.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.FloatValue</code>
+ */
+class FloatValue extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The float value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>float value = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $value = 0.0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type float $value
+     *           The float value.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Wrappers::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The float value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>float value = 1;</code>
+     * @return float
+     */
+    public function getValue()
+    {
+        return $this->value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The float value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>float value = 1;</code>
+     * @param float $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkFloat($var);
+        $this->value = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/GPBEmpty.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/GPBEmpty.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2de9c3bc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/GPBEmpty.php
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/empty.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * A generic empty message that you can re-use to avoid defining duplicated
+ * empty messages in your APIs. A typical example is to use it as the request
+ * or the response type of an API method. For instance:
+ *     service Foo {
+ *       rpc Bar(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);
+ *     }
+ * The JSON representation for `Empty` is empty JSON object `{}`.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Empty</code>
+ */
+class GPBEmpty extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\GPBEmpty::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Int32Value.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Int32Value.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7fd528d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Int32Value.php
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `int32`.
+ * The JSON representation for `Int32Value` is JSON number.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Int32Value</code>
+ */
+class Int32Value extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The int32 value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 value = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $value = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type int $value
+     *           The int32 value.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Wrappers::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The int32 value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 value = 1;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getValue()
+    {
+        return $this->value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The int32 value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 value = 1;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->value = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Int64Value.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Int64Value.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca6630558
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Int64Value.php
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `int64`.
+ * The JSON representation for `Int64Value` is JSON string.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Int64Value</code>
+ */
+class Int64Value extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The int64 value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int64 value = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $value = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type int|string $value
+     *           The int64 value.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Wrappers::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The int64 value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int64 value = 1;</code>
+     * @return int|string
+     */
+    public function getValue()
+    {
+        return $this->value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The int64 value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int64 value = 1;</code>
+     * @param int|string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt64($var);
+        $this->value = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/CodedInputStream.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/CodedInputStream.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33b1f5a9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/CodedInputStream.php
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\Uint64;
+
+class CodedInputStream
+{
+
+    private $buffer;
+    private $buffer_size_after_limit;
+    private $buffer_end;
+    private $current;
+    private $current_limit;
+    private $legitimate_message_end;
+    private $recursion_budget;
+    private $recursion_limit;
+    private $total_bytes_limit;
+    private $total_bytes_read;
+
+    const MAX_VARINT_BYTES = 10;
+    const DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT = 100;
+    const DEFAULT_TOTAL_BYTES_LIMIT = 33554432; // 32 << 20, 32MB
+
+    public function __construct($buffer)
+    {
+        $start = 0;
+        $end = strlen($buffer);
+        $this->buffer = $buffer;
+        $this->buffer_size_after_limit = 0;
+        $this->buffer_end = $end;
+        $this->current = $start;
+        $this->current_limit = $end;
+        $this->legitimate_message_end = false;
+        $this->recursion_budget = self::DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT;
+        $this->recursion_limit = self::DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT;
+        $this->total_bytes_limit = self::DEFAULT_TOTAL_BYTES_LIMIT;
+        $this->total_bytes_read = $end - $start;
+    }
+
+    private function advance($amount)
+    {
+        $this->current += $amount;
+    }
+
+    public function bufferSize()
+    {
+        return $this->buffer_end - $this->current;
+    }
+
+    public function current()
+    {
+        return $this->total_bytes_read -
+            ($this->buffer_end - $this->current +
+            $this->buffer_size_after_limit);
+    }
+
+    public function substr($start, $end)
+    {
+        return substr($this->buffer, $start, $end - $start);
+    }
+
+    private function recomputeBufferLimits()
+    {
+        $this->buffer_end += $this->buffer_size_after_limit;
+        $closest_limit = min($this->current_limit, $this->total_bytes_limit);
+        if ($closest_limit < $this->total_bytes_read) {
+            // The limit position is in the current buffer.  We must adjust the
+            // buffer size accordingly.
+            $this->buffer_size_after_limit = $this->total_bytes_read -
+                $closest_limit;
+            $this->buffer_end -= $this->buffer_size_after_limit;
+        } else {
+            $this->buffer_size_after_limit = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function consumedEntireMessage()
+    {
+        return $this->legitimate_message_end;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read uint32 into $var. Advance buffer with consumed bytes. If the
+     * contained varint is larger than 32 bits, discard the high order bits.
+     * @param $var.
+     */
+    public function readVarint32(&$var)
+    {
+        if (!$this->readVarint64($var)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $var = bcmod($var, 4294967296);
+        } else {
+            $var &= 0xFFFFFFFF;
+        }
+
+        // Convert large uint32 to int32.
+        if ($var > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
+            if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 8) {
+                $var = $var | (0xFFFFFFFF << 32);
+            } else {
+                $var = bcsub($var, 4294967296);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $var = intval($var);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read Uint64 into $var. Advance buffer with consumed bytes.
+     * @param $var.
+     */
+    public function readVarint64(&$var)
+    {
+        $count = 0;
+
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $high = 0;
+            $low = 0;
+            $b = 0;
+
+            do {
+                if ($this->current === $this->buffer_end) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if ($count === self::MAX_VARINT_BYTES) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $b = ord($this->buffer[$this->current]);
+                $bits = 7 * $count;
+                if ($bits >= 32) {
+                    $high |= (($b & 0x7F) << ($bits - 32));
+                } else if ($bits > 25){
+                    // $bits is 28 in this case.
+                    $low |= (($b & 0x7F) << 28);
+                    $high = ($b & 0x7F) >> 4;
+                } else {
+                    $low |= (($b & 0x7F) << $bits);
+                }
+
+                $this->advance(1);
+                $count += 1;
+            } while ($b & 0x80);
+
+            $var = GPBUtil::combineInt32ToInt64($high, $low);
+            if (bccomp($var, 0) < 0) {
+                $var = bcadd($var, "18446744073709551616");
+            }
+        } else {
+            $result = 0;
+            $shift = 0;
+
+            do {
+                if ($this->current === $this->buffer_end) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if ($count === self::MAX_VARINT_BYTES) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                $byte = ord($this->buffer[$this->current]);
+                $result |= ($byte & 0x7f) << $shift;
+                $shift += 7;
+                $this->advance(1);
+                $count += 1;
+            } while ($byte > 0x7f);
+
+            $var = $result;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read int into $var. If the result is larger than the largest integer, $var
+     * will be -1. Advance buffer with consumed bytes.
+     * @param $var.
+     */
+    public function readVarintSizeAsInt(&$var)
+    {
+        if (!$this->readVarint64($var)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $var = (int)$var;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read 32-bit unsiged integer to $var. If the buffer has less than 4 bytes,
+     * return false. Advance buffer with consumed bytes.
+     * @param $var.
+     */
+    public function readLittleEndian32(&$var)
+    {
+        $data = null;
+        if (!$this->readRaw(4, $data)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $var = unpack('V', $data);
+        $var = $var[1];
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read 64-bit unsiged integer to $var. If the buffer has less than 8 bytes,
+     * return false. Advance buffer with consumed bytes.
+     * @param $var.
+     */
+    public function readLittleEndian64(&$var)
+    {
+        $data = null;
+        if (!$this->readRaw(4, $data)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $low = unpack('V', $data)[1];
+        if (!$this->readRaw(4, $data)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $high = unpack('V', $data)[1];
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $var = GPBUtil::combineInt32ToInt64($high, $low);
+        } else {
+            $var = ($high << 32) | $low;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read tag into $var. Advance buffer with consumed bytes.
+     * @param $var.
+     */
+    public function readTag()
+    {
+        if ($this->current === $this->buffer_end) {
+            // Make sure that it failed due to EOF, not because we hit
+            // total_bytes_limit, which, unlike normal limits, is not a valid
+            // place to end a message.
+            $current_position = $this->total_bytes_read -
+                $this->buffer_size_after_limit;
+            if ($current_position >= $this->total_bytes_limit) {
+                // Hit total_bytes_limit_.  But if we also hit the normal limit,
+                // we're still OK.
+                $this->legitimate_message_end =
+                    ($this->current_limit === $this->total_bytes_limit);
+            } else {
+                $this->legitimate_message_end = true;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        $result = 0;
+        // The larget tag is 2^29 - 1, which can be represented by int32.
+        $success = $this->readVarint32($result);
+        if ($success) {
+            return $result;
+        } else {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function readRaw($size, &$buffer)
+    {
+        $current_buffer_size = 0;
+        if ($this->bufferSize() < $size) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($size === 0) {
+          $buffer = "";
+        } else {
+          $buffer = substr($this->buffer, $this->current, $size);
+          $this->advance($size);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /* Places a limit on the number of bytes that the stream may read, starting
+     * from the current position.  Once the stream hits this limit, it will act
+     * like the end of the input has been reached until popLimit() is called.
+     *
+     * As the names imply, the stream conceptually has a stack of limits.  The
+     * shortest limit on the stack is always enforced, even if it is not the top
+     * limit.
+     *
+     * The value returned by pushLimit() is opaque to the caller, and must be
+     * passed unchanged to the corresponding call to popLimit().
+     *
+     * @param integer $byte_limit
+     * @throws \Exception Fail to push limit.
+     */
+    public function pushLimit($byte_limit)
+    {
+        // Current position relative to the beginning of the stream.
+        $current_position = $this->current();
+        $old_limit = $this->current_limit;
+
+        // security: byte_limit is possibly evil, so check for negative values
+        // and overflow.
+        if ($byte_limit >= 0 &&
+            $byte_limit <= PHP_INT_MAX - $current_position &&
+            $byte_limit <= $this->current_limit - $current_position) {
+            $this->current_limit = $current_position + $byte_limit;
+            $this->recomputeBufferLimits();
+        } else {
+            throw new GPBDecodeException("Fail to push limit.");
+        }
+
+        return $old_limit;
+    }
+
+    /* The limit passed in is actually the *old* limit, which we returned from
+     * PushLimit().
+     *
+     * @param integer $byte_limit
+     */
+    public function popLimit($byte_limit)
+    {
+        $this->current_limit = $byte_limit;
+        $this->recomputeBufferLimits();
+        // We may no longer be at a legitimate message end.  ReadTag() needs to
+        // be called again to find out.
+        $this->legitimate_message_end = false;
+    }
+
+    public function incrementRecursionDepthAndPushLimit(
+        $byte_limit, &$old_limit, &$recursion_budget)
+    {
+        $old_limit = $this->pushLimit($byte_limit);
+        $recursion_limit = --$this->recursion_limit;
+    }
+
+    public function decrementRecursionDepthAndPopLimit($byte_limit)
+    {
+        $result = $this->consumedEntireMessage();
+        $this->popLimit($byte_limit);
+        ++$this->recursion_budget;
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    public function bytesUntilLimit()
+    {
+        if ($this->current_limit === PHP_INT_MAX) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return $this->current_limit - $this->current;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/CodedOutputStream.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/CodedOutputStream.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f75e9c662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/CodedOutputStream.php
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+class CodedOutputStream
+{
+
+    private $buffer;
+    private $buffer_size;
+    private $current;
+
+    const MAX_VARINT64_BYTES = 10;
+
+    public function __construct($size)
+    {
+        $this->current = 0;
+        $this->buffer_size = $size;
+        $this->buffer = str_repeat(chr(0), $this->buffer_size);
+    }
+
+    public function getData()
+    {
+        return $this->buffer;
+    }
+
+    public function writeVarint32($value, $trim)
+    {
+        $bytes = str_repeat(chr(0), self::MAX_VARINT64_BYTES);
+        $size = self::writeVarintToArray($value, $bytes, $trim);
+        return $this->writeRaw($bytes, $size);
+    }
+
+    public function writeVarint64($value)
+    {
+        $bytes = str_repeat(chr(0), self::MAX_VARINT64_BYTES);
+        $size = self::writeVarintToArray($value, $bytes);
+        return $this->writeRaw($bytes, $size);
+    }
+
+    public function writeLittleEndian32($value)
+    {
+        $bytes = str_repeat(chr(0), 4);
+        $size = self::writeLittleEndian32ToArray($value, $bytes);
+        return $this->writeRaw($bytes, $size);
+    }
+
+    public function writeLittleEndian64($value)
+    {
+        $bytes = str_repeat(chr(0), 8);
+        $size = self::writeLittleEndian64ToArray($value, $bytes);
+        return $this->writeRaw($bytes, $size);
+    }
+
+    public function writeTag($tag)
+    {
+        return $this->writeVarint32($tag, true);
+    }
+
+    public function writeRaw($data, $size)
+    {
+        if ($this->buffer_size < $size) {
+            trigger_error("Output stream doesn't have enough buffer.");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
+            $this->buffer[$this->current] = $data[$i];
+            $this->current++;
+            $this->buffer_size--;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static function writeVarintToArray($value, &$buffer, $trim = false)
+    {
+        $current = 0;
+
+        $high = 0;
+        $low = 0;
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            GPBUtil::divideInt64ToInt32($value, $high, $low, $trim);
+        } else {
+            $low = $value;
+        }
+
+        while (($low >= 0x80 || $low < 0) || $high != 0) {
+            $buffer[$current] = chr($low | 0x80);
+            $value = ($value >> 7) & ~(0x7F << ((PHP_INT_SIZE << 3) - 7));
+            $carry = ($high & 0x7F) << ((PHP_INT_SIZE << 3) - 7);
+            $high = ($high >> 7) & ~(0x7F << ((PHP_INT_SIZE << 3) - 7));
+            $low = (($low >> 7) & ~(0x7F << ((PHP_INT_SIZE << 3) - 7)) | $carry);
+            $current++;
+        }
+        $buffer[$current] = chr($low);
+        return $current + 1;
+    }
+
+    private static function writeLittleEndian32ToArray($value, &$buffer)
+    {
+        $buffer[0] = chr($value & 0x000000FF);
+        $buffer[1] = chr(($value >> 8) & 0x000000FF);
+        $buffer[2] = chr(($value >> 16) & 0x000000FF);
+        $buffer[3] = chr(($value >> 24) & 0x000000FF);
+        return 4;
+    }
+
+    private static function writeLittleEndian64ToArray($value, &$buffer)
+    {
+        $high = 0;
+        $low = 0;
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            GPBUtil::divideInt64ToInt32($value, $high, $low);
+        } else {
+            $low = $value & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+            $high = ($value >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+        }
+
+        $buffer[0] = chr($low & 0x000000FF);
+        $buffer[1] = chr(($low >> 8) & 0x000000FF);
+        $buffer[2] = chr(($low >> 16) & 0x000000FF);
+        $buffer[3] = chr(($low >> 24) & 0x000000FF);
+        $buffer[4] = chr($high & 0x000000FF);
+        $buffer[5] = chr(($high >> 8) & 0x000000FF);
+        $buffer[6] = chr(($high >> 16) & 0x000000FF);
+        $buffer[7] = chr(($high >> 24) & 0x000000FF);
+        return 8;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/Descriptor.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/Descriptor.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21ac5de36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/Descriptor.php
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+class Descriptor
+{
+    use HasPublicDescriptorTrait;
+
+    private $full_name;
+    private $field = [];
+    private $json_to_field = [];
+    private $name_to_field = [];
+    private $index_to_field = [];
+    private $nested_type = [];
+    private $enum_type = [];
+    private $klass;
+    private $legacy_klass;
+    private $options;
+    private $oneof_decl = [];
+
+    public function __construct()
+    {
+        $this->public_desc = new \Google\Protobuf\Descriptor($this);
+    }
+
+    public function addOneofDecl($oneof)
+    {
+        $this->oneof_decl[] = $oneof;
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofDecl()
+    {
+        return $this->oneof_decl;
+    }
+
+    public function setFullName($full_name)
+    {
+        $this->full_name = $full_name;
+    }
+
+    public function getFullName()
+    {
+        return $this->full_name;
+    }
+
+    public function addField($field)
+    {
+        $this->field[$field->getNumber()] = $field;
+        $this->json_to_field[$field->getJsonName()] = $field;
+        $this->name_to_field[$field->getName()] = $field;
+        $this->index_to_field[] = $field;
+    }
+
+    public function getField()
+    {
+        return $this->field;
+    }
+
+    public function addNestedType($desc)
+    {
+        $this->nested_type[] = $desc;
+    }
+
+    public function getNestedType()
+    {
+        return $this->nested_type;
+    }
+
+    public function addEnumType($desc)
+    {
+        $this->enum_type[] = $desc;
+    }
+
+    public function getEnumType()
+    {
+        return $this->enum_type;
+    }
+
+    public function getFieldByNumber($number)
+    {
+        if (!isset($this->field[$number])) {
+          return NULL;
+        } else {
+          return $this->field[$number];
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function getFieldByJsonName($json_name)
+    {
+        if (!isset($this->json_to_field[$json_name])) {
+          return NULL;
+        } else {
+          return $this->json_to_field[$json_name];
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function getFieldByName($name)
+    {
+        if (!isset($this->name_to_field[$name])) {
+          return NULL;
+        } else {
+          return $this->name_to_field[$name];
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function getFieldByIndex($index)
+    {
+        if (count($this->index_to_field) <= $index) {
+            return NULL;
+        } else {
+            return $this->index_to_field[$index];
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function setClass($klass)
+    {
+        $this->klass = $klass;
+    }
+
+    public function getClass()
+    {
+        return $this->klass;
+    }
+
+    public function setLegacyClass($klass)
+    {
+        $this->legacy_klass = $klass;
+    }
+
+    public function getLegacyClass()
+    {
+        return $this->legacy_klass;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptions($options)
+    {
+        $this->options = $options;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    public static function buildFromProto($proto, $file_proto, $containing)
+    {
+        $desc = new Descriptor();
+
+        $message_name_without_package  = "";
+        $classname = "";
+        $legacy_classname = "";
+        $fullname = "";
+        GPBUtil::getFullClassName(
+            $proto,
+            $containing,
+            $file_proto,
+            $message_name_without_package,
+            $legacy_classname,
+            $classname,
+            $fullname);
+        $desc->setFullName($fullname);
+        $desc->setClass($classname);
+        $desc->setLegacyClass($legacy_classname);
+        $desc->setOptions($proto->getOptions());
+
+        foreach ($proto->getField() as $field_proto) {
+            $desc->addField(FieldDescriptor::buildFromProto($field_proto));
+        }
+
+        // Handle nested types.
+        foreach ($proto->getNestedType() as $nested_proto) {
+            $desc->addNestedType(Descriptor::buildFromProto(
+              $nested_proto, $file_proto, $message_name_without_package));
+        }
+
+        // Handle nested enum.
+        foreach ($proto->getEnumType() as $enum_proto) {
+            $desc->addEnumType(EnumDescriptor::buildFromProto(
+              $enum_proto, $file_proto, $message_name_without_package));
+        }
+
+        // Handle oneof fields.
+        $index = 0;
+        foreach ($proto->getOneofDecl() as $oneof_proto) {
+            $desc->addOneofDecl(
+                OneofDescriptor::buildFromProto($oneof_proto, $desc, $index));
+            $index++;
+        }
+
+        return $desc;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorPool.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorPool.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f96b0fb76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorPool.php
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileDescriptor;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileDescriptorSet;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\MessageBuilderContext;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumBuilderContext;
+
+class DescriptorPool
+{
+    private static $pool;
+    // Map from message names to sub-maps, which are maps from field numbers to
+    // field descriptors.
+    private $class_to_desc = [];
+    private $class_to_enum_desc = [];
+    private $proto_to_class = [];
+
+    public static function getGeneratedPool()
+    {
+        if (!isset(self::$pool)) {
+            self::$pool = new DescriptorPool();
+        }
+        return self::$pool;
+    }
+
+    public function internalAddGeneratedFile($data, $use_nested = false)
+    {
+        $files = new FileDescriptorSet();
+        $files->mergeFromString($data);
+
+        foreach($files->getFile() as $file_proto) {
+            $file = FileDescriptor::buildFromProto($file_proto);
+
+            foreach ($file->getMessageType() as $desc) {
+                $this->addDescriptor($desc);
+            }
+            unset($desc);
+
+            foreach ($file->getEnumType() as $desc) {
+                $this->addEnumDescriptor($desc);
+            }
+            unset($desc);
+
+            foreach ($file->getMessageType() as $desc) {
+                $this->crossLink($desc);
+            }
+            unset($desc);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function addMessage($name, $klass)
+    {
+        return new MessageBuilderContext($name, $klass, $this);
+    }
+
+    public function addEnum($name, $klass)
+    {
+        return new EnumBuilderContext($name, $klass, $this);
+    }
+
+    public function addDescriptor($descriptor)
+    {
+        $this->proto_to_class[$descriptor->getFullName()] =
+            $descriptor->getClass();
+        $this->class_to_desc[$descriptor->getClass()] = $descriptor;
+        $this->class_to_desc[$descriptor->getLegacyClass()] = $descriptor;
+        foreach ($descriptor->getNestedType() as $nested_type) {
+            $this->addDescriptor($nested_type);
+        }
+        foreach ($descriptor->getEnumType() as $enum_type) {
+            $this->addEnumDescriptor($enum_type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function addEnumDescriptor($descriptor)
+    {
+        $this->proto_to_class[$descriptor->getFullName()] =
+            $descriptor->getClass();
+        $this->class_to_enum_desc[$descriptor->getClass()] = $descriptor;
+        $this->class_to_enum_desc[$descriptor->getLegacyClass()] = $descriptor;
+    }
+
+    public function getDescriptorByClassName($klass)
+    {
+        if (isset($this->class_to_desc[$klass])) {
+            return $this->class_to_desc[$klass];
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function getEnumDescriptorByClassName($klass)
+    {
+        if (isset($this->class_to_enum_desc[$klass])) {
+            return $this->class_to_enum_desc[$klass];
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function getDescriptorByProtoName($proto)
+    {
+        if (isset($this->proto_to_class[$proto])) {
+            $klass = $this->proto_to_class[$proto];
+            return $this->class_to_desc[$klass];
+        } else {
+          return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function getEnumDescriptorByProtoName($proto)
+    {
+        $klass = $this->proto_to_class[$proto];
+        return $this->class_to_enum_desc[$klass];
+    }
+
+    private function crossLink(Descriptor $desc)
+    {
+        foreach ($desc->getField() as $field) {
+            switch ($field->getType()) {
+                case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                    $proto = $field->getMessageType();
+                    $subdesc = $this->getDescriptorByProtoName($proto);
+                    if (is_null($subdesc)) {
+                        trigger_error(
+                            'proto not added: ' . $proto
+                            . " for " . $desc->getFullName(), E_ERROR);
+                    }
+                    $field->setMessageType($subdesc);
+                    break;
+                case GPBType::ENUM:
+                    $proto = $field->getEnumType();
+                    $field->setEnumType(
+                        $this->getEnumDescriptorByProtoName($proto));
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        unset($field);
+
+        foreach ($desc->getNestedType() as $nested_type) {
+            $this->crossLink($nested_type);
+        }
+        unset($nested_type);
+    }
+
+    public function finish()
+    {
+        foreach ($this->class_to_desc as $klass => $desc) {
+            $this->crossLink($desc);
+        }
+        unset($desc);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7cc689d02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto.php
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Describes a message type.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.DescriptorProto</code>
+ */
+class DescriptorProto extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    protected $name = '';
+    private $has_name = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $field;
+    private $has_field = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;</code>
+     */
+    private $extension;
+    private $has_extension = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;</code>
+     */
+    private $nested_type;
+    private $has_nested_type = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;</code>
+     */
+    private $enum_type;
+    private $has_enum_type = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;</code>
+     */
+    private $extension_range;
+    private $has_extension_range = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto oneof_decl = 8;</code>
+     */
+    private $oneof_decl;
+    private $has_oneof_decl = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.MessageOptions options = 7;</code>
+     */
+    protected $options = null;
+    private $has_options = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;</code>
+     */
+    private $reserved_range;
+    private $has_reserved_range = false;
+    /**
+     * Reserved field names, which may not be used by fields in the same message.
+     * A given name may only be reserved once.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string reserved_name = 10;</code>
+     */
+    private $reserved_name;
+    private $has_reserved_name = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $field
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $extension
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $nested_type
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $enum_type
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto\ExtensionRange[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $extension_range
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\OneofDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $oneof_decl
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MessageOptions $options
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto\ReservedRange[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $reserved_range
+     *     @type string[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $reserved_name
+     *           Reserved field names, which may not be used by fields in the same message.
+     *           A given name may only be reserved once.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+        $this->has_name = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasName()
+    {
+        return $this->has_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getField()
+    {
+        return $this->field;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setField($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto::class);
+        $this->field = $arr;
+        $this->has_field = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasField()
+    {
+        return $this->has_field;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getExtension()
+    {
+        return $this->extension;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setExtension($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto::class);
+        $this->extension = $arr;
+        $this->has_extension = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasExtension()
+    {
+        return $this->has_extension;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getNestedType()
+    {
+        return $this->nested_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setNestedType($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto::class);
+        $this->nested_type = $arr;
+        $this->has_nested_type = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasNestedType()
+    {
+        return $this->has_nested_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getEnumType()
+    {
+        return $this->enum_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setEnumType($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptorProto::class);
+        $this->enum_type = $arr;
+        $this->has_enum_type = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasEnumType()
+    {
+        return $this->has_enum_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getExtensionRange()
+    {
+        return $this->extension_range;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto\ExtensionRange[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setExtensionRange($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto\ExtensionRange::class);
+        $this->extension_range = $arr;
+        $this->has_extension_range = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasExtensionRange()
+    {
+        return $this->has_extension_range;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto oneof_decl = 8;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getOneofDecl()
+    {
+        return $this->oneof_decl;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto oneof_decl = 8;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\OneofDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOneofDecl($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\OneofDescriptorProto::class);
+        $this->oneof_decl = $arr;
+        $this->has_oneof_decl = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasOneofDecl()
+    {
+        return $this->has_oneof_decl;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.MessageOptions options = 7;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MessageOptions
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.MessageOptions options = 7;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MessageOptions $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MessageOptions::class);
+        $this->options = $var;
+        $this->has_options = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->has_options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getReservedRange()
+    {
+        return $this->reserved_range;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto\ReservedRange[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setReservedRange($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto\ReservedRange::class);
+        $this->reserved_range = $arr;
+        $this->has_reserved_range = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasReservedRange()
+    {
+        return $this->has_reserved_range;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reserved field names, which may not be used by fields in the same message.
+     * A given name may only be reserved once.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string reserved_name = 10;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getReservedName()
+    {
+        return $this->reserved_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reserved field names, which may not be used by fields in the same message.
+     * A given name may only be reserved once.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string reserved_name = 10;</code>
+     * @param string[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setReservedName($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::STRING);
+        $this->reserved_name = $arr;
+        $this->has_reserved_name = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasReservedName()
+    {
+        return $this->has_reserved_name;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto/ExtensionRange.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto/ExtensionRange.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82b5695ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto/ExtensionRange.php
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange</code>
+ */
+class ExtensionRange extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 start = 1;</code>
+     */
+    protected $start = 0;
+    private $has_start = false;
+    /**
+     * Exclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 end = 2;</code>
+     */
+    protected $end = 0;
+    private $has_end = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions options = 3;</code>
+     */
+    protected $options = null;
+    private $has_options = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type int $start
+     *           Inclusive.
+     *     @type int $end
+     *           Exclusive.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\ExtensionRangeOptions $options
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 start = 1;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getStart()
+    {
+        return $this->start;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 start = 1;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setStart($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->start = $var;
+        $this->has_start = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasStart()
+    {
+        return $this->has_start;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 end = 2;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getEnd()
+    {
+        return $this->end;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 end = 2;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setEnd($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->end = $var;
+        $this->has_end = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasEnd()
+    {
+        return $this->has_end;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions options = 3;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\ExtensionRangeOptions
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions options = 3;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\ExtensionRangeOptions $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\ExtensionRangeOptions::class);
+        $this->options = $var;
+        $this->has_options = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->has_options;
+    }
+
+}
+
+// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
+class_alias(ExtensionRange::class, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::class);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto/ReservedRange.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto/ReservedRange.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8022151ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto/ReservedRange.php
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Range of reserved tag numbers. Reserved tag numbers may not be used by
+ * fields or extension ranges in the same message. Reserved ranges may
+ * not overlap.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange</code>
+ */
+class ReservedRange extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 start = 1;</code>
+     */
+    protected $start = 0;
+    private $has_start = false;
+    /**
+     * Exclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 end = 2;</code>
+     */
+    protected $end = 0;
+    private $has_end = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type int $start
+     *           Inclusive.
+     *     @type int $end
+     *           Exclusive.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 start = 1;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getStart()
+    {
+        return $this->start;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 start = 1;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setStart($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->start = $var;
+        $this->has_start = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasStart()
+    {
+        return $this->has_start;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 end = 2;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getEnd()
+    {
+        return $this->end;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 end = 2;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setEnd($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->end = $var;
+        $this->has_end = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasEnd()
+    {
+        return $this->has_end;
+    }
+
+}
+
+// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
+class_alias(ReservedRange::class, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::class);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c928fbe5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+if (false) {
+    /**
+     * This class is deprecated. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto\ExtensionRange instead.
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    class DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange {}
+}
+class_exists(DescriptorProto\ExtensionRange::class);
+@trigger_error('Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange is deprecated and will be removed in the next major release. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto\ExtensionRange instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto_ReservedRange.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto_ReservedRange.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e49e945f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/DescriptorProto_ReservedRange.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+if (false) {
+    /**
+     * This class is deprecated. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto\ReservedRange instead.
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    class DescriptorProto_ReservedRange {}
+}
+class_exists(DescriptorProto\ReservedRange::class);
+@trigger_error('Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto_ReservedRange is deprecated and will be removed in the next major release. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto\ReservedRange instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumBuilderContext.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumBuilderContext.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08397284e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumBuilderContext.php
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptor;
+use Google\Protobuf\EnumValueDescriptor;
+
+class EnumBuilderContext
+{
+
+    private $descriptor;
+    private $pool;
+
+    public function __construct($full_name, $klass, $pool)
+    {
+        $this->descriptor = new EnumDescriptor();
+        $this->descriptor->setFullName($full_name);
+        $this->descriptor->setClass($klass);
+        $this->pool = $pool;
+    }
+
+    public function value($name, $number)
+    {
+        $value = new EnumValueDescriptor($name, $number);
+        $this->descriptor->addValue($number, $value);
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function finalizeToPool()
+    {
+        $this->pool->addEnumDescriptor($this->descriptor);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumDescriptor.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumDescriptor.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7af4f8401
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumDescriptor.php
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\EnumValueDescriptor;
+
+class EnumDescriptor
+{
+    use HasPublicDescriptorTrait;
+
+    private $klass;
+    private $legacy_klass;
+    private $full_name;
+    private $value;
+    private $name_to_value;
+    private $value_descriptor = [];
+
+    public function __construct()
+    {
+        $this->public_desc = new \Google\Protobuf\EnumDescriptor($this);
+    }
+
+    public function setFullName($full_name)
+    {
+        $this->full_name = $full_name;
+    }
+
+    public function getFullName()
+    {
+        return $this->full_name;
+    }
+
+    public function addValue($number, $value)
+    {
+        $this->value[$number] = $value;
+        $this->name_to_value[$value->getName()] = $value;
+        $this->value_descriptor[] = new EnumValueDescriptor($value->getName(), $number);
+    }
+
+    public function getValueByNumber($number)
+    {
+        if (isset($this->value[$number])) {
+            return $this->value[$number];
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public function getValueByName($name)
+    {
+        if (isset($this->name_to_value[$name])) {
+            return $this->name_to_value[$name];
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public function getValueDescriptorByIndex($index)
+    {
+        if (isset($this->value_descriptor[$index])) {
+            return $this->value_descriptor[$index];
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public function getValueCount()
+    {
+        return count($this->value);
+    }
+
+    public function setClass($klass)
+    {
+        $this->klass = $klass;
+    }
+
+    public function getClass()
+    {
+        return $this->klass;
+    }
+
+    public function setLegacyClass($klass)
+    {
+        $this->legacy_klass = $klass;
+    }
+
+    public function getLegacyClass()
+    {
+        return $this->legacy_klass;
+    }
+
+    public static function buildFromProto($proto, $file_proto, $containing)
+    {
+        $desc = new EnumDescriptor();
+
+        $enum_name_without_package  = "";
+        $classname = "";
+        $legacy_classname = "";
+        $fullname = "";
+        GPBUtil::getFullClassName(
+            $proto,
+            $containing,
+            $file_proto,
+            $enum_name_without_package,
+            $classname,
+            $legacy_classname,
+            $fullname);
+        $desc->setFullName($fullname);
+        $desc->setClass($classname);
+        $desc->setLegacyClass($legacy_classname);
+        $values = $proto->getValue();
+        foreach ($values as $value) {
+            $desc->addValue($value->getNumber(), $value);
+        }
+
+        return $desc;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumDescriptorProto.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumDescriptorProto.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5c7fe148
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumDescriptorProto.php
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Describes an enum type.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto</code>
+ */
+class EnumDescriptorProto extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    protected $name = '';
+    private $has_name = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $value;
+    private $has_value = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.EnumOptions options = 3;</code>
+     */
+    protected $options = null;
+    private $has_options = false;
+    /**
+     * Range of reserved numeric values. Reserved numeric values may not be used
+     * by enum values in the same enum declaration. Reserved ranges may not
+     * overlap.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange reserved_range = 4;</code>
+     */
+    private $reserved_range;
+    private $has_reserved_range = false;
+    /**
+     * Reserved enum value names, which may not be reused. A given name may only
+     * be reserved once.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string reserved_name = 5;</code>
+     */
+    private $reserved_name;
+    private $has_reserved_name = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumValueDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $value
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumOptions $options
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptorProto\EnumReservedRange[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $reserved_range
+     *           Range of reserved numeric values. Reserved numeric values may not be used
+     *           by enum values in the same enum declaration. Reserved ranges may not
+     *           overlap.
+     *     @type string[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $reserved_name
+     *           Reserved enum value names, which may not be reused. A given name may only
+     *           be reserved once.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+        $this->has_name = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasName()
+    {
+        return $this->has_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getValue()
+    {
+        return $this->value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumValueDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setValue($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumValueDescriptorProto::class);
+        $this->value = $arr;
+        $this->has_value = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasValue()
+    {
+        return $this->has_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.EnumOptions options = 3;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumOptions
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.EnumOptions options = 3;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumOptions $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumOptions::class);
+        $this->options = $var;
+        $this->has_options = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->has_options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Range of reserved numeric values. Reserved numeric values may not be used
+     * by enum values in the same enum declaration. Reserved ranges may not
+     * overlap.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange reserved_range = 4;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getReservedRange()
+    {
+        return $this->reserved_range;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Range of reserved numeric values. Reserved numeric values may not be used
+     * by enum values in the same enum declaration. Reserved ranges may not
+     * overlap.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange reserved_range = 4;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptorProto\EnumReservedRange[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setReservedRange($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptorProto\EnumReservedRange::class);
+        $this->reserved_range = $arr;
+        $this->has_reserved_range = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasReservedRange()
+    {
+        return $this->has_reserved_range;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reserved enum value names, which may not be reused. A given name may only
+     * be reserved once.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string reserved_name = 5;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getReservedName()
+    {
+        return $this->reserved_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reserved enum value names, which may not be reused. A given name may only
+     * be reserved once.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string reserved_name = 5;</code>
+     * @param string[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setReservedName($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::STRING);
+        $this->reserved_name = $arr;
+        $this->has_reserved_name = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasReservedName()
+    {
+        return $this->has_reserved_name;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumDescriptorProto/EnumReservedRange.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumDescriptorProto/EnumReservedRange.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..949dd8910
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumDescriptorProto/EnumReservedRange.php
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptorProto;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Range of reserved numeric values. Reserved values may not be used by
+ * entries in the same enum. Reserved ranges may not overlap.
+ * Note that this is distinct from DescriptorProto.ReservedRange in that it
+ * is inclusive such that it can appropriately represent the entire int32
+ * domain.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange</code>
+ */
+class EnumReservedRange extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 start = 1;</code>
+     */
+    protected $start = 0;
+    private $has_start = false;
+    /**
+     * Inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 end = 2;</code>
+     */
+    protected $end = 0;
+    private $has_end = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type int $start
+     *           Inclusive.
+     *     @type int $end
+     *           Inclusive.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 start = 1;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getStart()
+    {
+        return $this->start;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 start = 1;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setStart($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->start = $var;
+        $this->has_start = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasStart()
+    {
+        return $this->has_start;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 end = 2;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getEnd()
+    {
+        return $this->end;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 end = 2;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setEnd($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->end = $var;
+        $this->has_end = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasEnd()
+    {
+        return $this->has_end;
+    }
+
+}
+
+// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
+class_alias(EnumReservedRange::class, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::class);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1b59ed91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+if (false) {
+    /**
+     * This class is deprecated. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptorProto\EnumReservedRange instead.
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    class EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange {}
+}
+class_exists(EnumDescriptorProto\EnumReservedRange::class);
+@trigger_error('Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange is deprecated and will be removed in the next major release. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptorProto\EnumReservedRange instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumOptions.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumOptions.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6500423b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumOptions.php
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.EnumOptions</code>
+ */
+class EnumOptions extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Set this option to true to allow mapping different tag names to the same
+     * value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool allow_alias = 2;</code>
+     */
+    protected $allow_alias = false;
+    private $has_allow_alias = false;
+    /**
+     * Is this enum deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the enum, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+     * is a formalization for deprecating enums.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $deprecated = false;
+    private $has_deprecated = false;
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     */
+    private $uninterpreted_option;
+    private $has_uninterpreted_option = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type bool $allow_alias
+     *           Set this option to true to allow mapping different tag names to the same
+     *           value.
+     *     @type bool $deprecated
+     *           Is this enum deprecated?
+     *           Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     *           for the enum, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+     *           is a formalization for deprecating enums.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $uninterpreted_option
+     *           The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set this option to true to allow mapping different tag names to the same
+     * value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool allow_alias = 2;</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getAllowAlias()
+    {
+        return $this->allow_alias;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set this option to true to allow mapping different tag names to the same
+     * value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool allow_alias = 2;</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setAllowAlias($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->allow_alias = $var;
+        $this->has_allow_alias = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasAllowAlias()
+    {
+        return $this->has_allow_alias;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this enum deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the enum, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+     * is a formalization for deprecating enums.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getDeprecated()
+    {
+        return $this->deprecated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this enum deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the enum, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+     * is a formalization for deprecating enums.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setDeprecated($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->deprecated = $var;
+        $this->has_deprecated = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasDeprecated()
+    {
+        return $this->has_deprecated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setUninterpretedOption($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption::class);
+        $this->uninterpreted_option = $arr;
+        $this->has_uninterpreted_option = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->has_uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumValueDescriptorProto.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumValueDescriptorProto.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3dd95583a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumValueDescriptorProto.php
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Describes a value within an enum.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto</code>
+ */
+class EnumValueDescriptorProto extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    protected $name = '';
+    private $has_name = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 number = 2;</code>
+     */
+    protected $number = 0;
+    private $has_number = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions options = 3;</code>
+     */
+    protected $options = null;
+    private $has_options = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *     @type int $number
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumValueOptions $options
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+        $this->has_name = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasName()
+    {
+        return $this->has_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 number = 2;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getNumber()
+    {
+        return $this->number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 number = 2;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setNumber($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->number = $var;
+        $this->has_number = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasNumber()
+    {
+        return $this->has_number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions options = 3;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumValueOptions
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions options = 3;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumValueOptions $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumValueOptions::class);
+        $this->options = $var;
+        $this->has_options = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->has_options;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumValueOptions.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumValueOptions.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f9fb3bec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/EnumValueOptions.php
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions</code>
+ */
+class EnumValueOptions extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Is this enum value deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the enum value, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     * this is a formalization for deprecating enum values.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 1 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $deprecated = false;
+    private $has_deprecated = false;
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     */
+    private $uninterpreted_option;
+    private $has_uninterpreted_option = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type bool $deprecated
+     *           Is this enum value deprecated?
+     *           Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     *           for the enum value, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     *           this is a formalization for deprecating enum values.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $uninterpreted_option
+     *           The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this enum value deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the enum value, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     * this is a formalization for deprecating enum values.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 1 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getDeprecated()
+    {
+        return $this->deprecated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this enum value deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the enum value, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     * this is a formalization for deprecating enum values.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 1 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setDeprecated($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->deprecated = $var;
+        $this->has_deprecated = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasDeprecated()
+    {
+        return $this->has_deprecated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setUninterpretedOption($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption::class);
+        $this->uninterpreted_option = $arr;
+        $this->has_uninterpreted_option = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->has_uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/ExtensionRangeOptions.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/ExtensionRangeOptions.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00fbebeca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/ExtensionRangeOptions.php
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions</code>
+ */
+class ExtensionRangeOptions extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     */
+    private $uninterpreted_option;
+    private $has_uninterpreted_option = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $uninterpreted_option
+     *           The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setUninterpretedOption($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption::class);
+        $this->uninterpreted_option = $arr;
+        $this->has_uninterpreted_option = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->has_uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptor.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptor.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98b516fec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptor.php
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+class FieldDescriptor
+{
+    use HasPublicDescriptorTrait;
+
+    private $name;
+    private $json_name;
+    private $setter;
+    private $getter;
+    private $number;
+    private $label;
+    private $type;
+    private $message_type;
+    private $enum_type;
+    private $packed;
+    private $is_map;
+    private $oneof_index = -1;
+
+    public function __construct()
+    {
+        $this->public_desc = new \Google\Protobuf\FieldDescriptor($this);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofIndex($index)
+    {
+        $this->oneof_index = $index;
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofIndex()
+    {
+        return $this->oneof_index;
+    }
+
+    public function setName($name)
+    {
+        $this->name = $name;
+    }
+
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    public function setJsonName($json_name)
+    {
+        $this->json_name = $json_name;
+    }
+
+    public function getJsonName()
+    {
+        return $this->json_name;
+    }
+
+    public function setSetter($setter)
+    {
+        $this->setter = $setter;
+    }
+
+    public function getSetter()
+    {
+        return $this->setter;
+    }
+
+    public function setGetter($getter)
+    {
+        $this->getter = $getter;
+    }
+
+    public function getGetter()
+    {
+        return $this->getter;
+    }
+
+    public function setNumber($number)
+    {
+        $this->number = $number;
+    }
+
+    public function getNumber()
+    {
+        return $this->number;
+    }
+
+    public function setLabel($label)
+    {
+        $this->label = $label;
+    }
+
+    public function getLabel()
+    {
+        return $this->label;
+    }
+
+    public function isRepeated()
+    {
+        return $this->label === GPBLabel::REPEATED;
+    }
+
+    public function setType($type)
+    {
+        $this->type = $type;
+    }
+
+    public function getType()
+    {
+        return $this->type;
+    }
+
+    public function setMessageType($message_type)
+    {
+        $this->message_type = $message_type;
+    }
+
+    public function getMessageType()
+    {
+        return $this->message_type;
+    }
+
+    public function setEnumType($enum_type)
+    {
+        $this->enum_type = $enum_type;
+    }
+
+    public function getEnumType()
+    {
+        return $this->enum_type;
+    }
+
+    public function setPacked($packed)
+    {
+        $this->packed = $packed;
+    }
+
+    public function getPacked()
+    {
+        return $this->packed;
+    }
+
+    public function isPackable()
+    {
+        return $this->isRepeated() && self::isTypePackable($this->type);
+    }
+
+    public function isMap()
+    {
+        return $this->getType() == GPBType::MESSAGE &&
+               !is_null($this->getMessageType()->getOptions()) &&
+               $this->getMessageType()->getOptions()->getMapEntry();
+    }
+
+    public function isTimestamp()
+    {
+        return $this->getType() == GPBType::MESSAGE &&
+            $this->getMessageType()->getClass() === "Google\Protobuf\Timestamp";
+    }
+
+    public function isWrapperType()
+    {
+        if ($this->getType() == GPBType::MESSAGE) {
+            $class = $this->getMessageType()->getClass();
+            return in_array($class, [
+                "Google\Protobuf\DoubleValue",
+                "Google\Protobuf\FloatValue",
+                "Google\Protobuf\Int64Value",
+                "Google\Protobuf\UInt64Value",
+                "Google\Protobuf\Int32Value",
+                "Google\Protobuf\UInt32Value",
+                "Google\Protobuf\BoolValue",
+                "Google\Protobuf\StringValue",
+                "Google\Protobuf\BytesValue",
+            ]);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static function isTypePackable($field_type)
+    {
+        return ($field_type !== GPBType::STRING  &&
+            $field_type !== GPBType::GROUP   &&
+            $field_type !== GPBType::MESSAGE &&
+            $field_type !== GPBType::BYTES);
+    }
+
+    public static function getFieldDescriptor($proto)
+    {
+        $type_name = null;
+        $type = $proto->getType();
+        switch ($type) {
+            case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+            case GPBType::GROUP:
+            case GPBType::ENUM:
+                $type_name = $proto->getTypeName();
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        $oneof_index = $proto->hasOneofIndex() ? $proto->getOneofIndex() : -1;
+        $packed = false;
+        $options = $proto->getOptions();
+        if ($options !== null) {
+            $packed = $options->getPacked();
+        }
+
+        $field = new FieldDescriptor();
+        $field->setName($proto->getName());
+
+        $json_name = $proto->hasJsonName() ? $proto->getJsonName() :
+            lcfirst(implode('', array_map('ucwords', explode('_', $proto->getName()))));
+        if ($proto->hasJsonName()) {
+            $json_name = $proto->getJsonName();
+        } else {
+            $proto_name = $proto->getName();
+            $json_name = implode('', array_map('ucwords', explode('_', $proto_name)));
+            if ($proto_name[0] !== "_" && !ctype_upper($proto_name[0])) {
+                $json_name = lcfirst($json_name);
+            }
+        }
+        $field->setJsonName($json_name);
+
+        $camel_name = implode('', array_map('ucwords', explode('_', $proto->getName())));
+        $field->setGetter('get' . $camel_name);
+        $field->setSetter('set' . $camel_name);
+        $field->setType($proto->getType());
+        $field->setNumber($proto->getNumber());
+        $field->setLabel($proto->getLabel());
+        $field->setPacked($packed);
+        $field->setOneofIndex($oneof_index);
+
+        // At this time, the message/enum type may have not been added to pool.
+        // So we use the type name as place holder and will replace it with the
+        // actual descriptor in cross building.
+        switch ($type) {
+            case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                $field->setMessageType($type_name);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::ENUM:
+                $field->setEnumType($type_name);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return $field;
+    }
+
+    public static function buildFromProto($proto)
+    {
+        return FieldDescriptor::getFieldDescriptor($proto);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b231c9e10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto.php
@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Describes a field within a message.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto</code>
+ */
+class FieldDescriptorProto extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    protected $name = '';
+    private $has_name = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 number = 3;</code>
+     */
+    protected $number = 0;
+    private $has_number = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Label label = 4;</code>
+     */
+    protected $label = 0;
+    private $has_label = false;
+    /**
+     * If type_name is set, this need not be set.  If both this and type_name
+     * are set, this must be one of TYPE_ENUM, TYPE_MESSAGE or TYPE_GROUP.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Type type = 5;</code>
+     */
+    protected $type = 0;
+    private $has_type = false;
+    /**
+     * For message and enum types, this is the name of the type.  If the name
+     * starts with a '.', it is fully-qualified.  Otherwise, C++-like scoping
+     * rules are used to find the type (i.e. first the nested types within this
+     * message are searched, then within the parent, on up to the root
+     * namespace).
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string type_name = 6;</code>
+     */
+    protected $type_name = '';
+    private $has_type_name = false;
+    /**
+     * For extensions, this is the name of the type being extended.  It is
+     * resolved in the same manner as type_name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string extendee = 2;</code>
+     */
+    protected $extendee = '';
+    private $has_extendee = false;
+    /**
+     * For numeric types, contains the original text representation of the value.
+     * For booleans, "true" or "false".
+     * For strings, contains the default text contents (not escaped in any way).
+     * For bytes, contains the C escaped value.  All bytes >= 128 are escaped.
+     * TODO(kenton):  Base-64 encode?
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string default_value = 7;</code>
+     */
+    protected $default_value = '';
+    private $has_default_value = false;
+    /**
+     * If set, gives the index of a oneof in the containing type's oneof_decl
+     * list.  This field is a member of that oneof.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 oneof_index = 9;</code>
+     */
+    protected $oneof_index = 0;
+    private $has_oneof_index = false;
+    /**
+     * JSON name of this field. The value is set by protocol compiler. If the
+     * user has set a "json_name" option on this field, that option's value
+     * will be used. Otherwise, it's deduced from the field's name by converting
+     * it to camelCase.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string json_name = 10;</code>
+     */
+    protected $json_name = '';
+    private $has_json_name = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions options = 8;</code>
+     */
+    protected $options = null;
+    private $has_options = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *     @type int $number
+     *     @type int $label
+     *     @type int $type
+     *           If type_name is set, this need not be set.  If both this and type_name
+     *           are set, this must be one of TYPE_ENUM, TYPE_MESSAGE or TYPE_GROUP.
+     *     @type string $type_name
+     *           For message and enum types, this is the name of the type.  If the name
+     *           starts with a '.', it is fully-qualified.  Otherwise, C++-like scoping
+     *           rules are used to find the type (i.e. first the nested types within this
+     *           message are searched, then within the parent, on up to the root
+     *           namespace).
+     *     @type string $extendee
+     *           For extensions, this is the name of the type being extended.  It is
+     *           resolved in the same manner as type_name.
+     *     @type string $default_value
+     *           For numeric types, contains the original text representation of the value.
+     *           For booleans, "true" or "false".
+     *           For strings, contains the default text contents (not escaped in any way).
+     *           For bytes, contains the C escaped value.  All bytes >= 128 are escaped.
+     *           TODO(kenton):  Base-64 encode?
+     *     @type int $oneof_index
+     *           If set, gives the index of a oneof in the containing type's oneof_decl
+     *           list.  This field is a member of that oneof.
+     *     @type string $json_name
+     *           JSON name of this field. The value is set by protocol compiler. If the
+     *           user has set a "json_name" option on this field, that option's value
+     *           will be used. Otherwise, it's deduced from the field's name by converting
+     *           it to camelCase.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions $options
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+        $this->has_name = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasName()
+    {
+        return $this->has_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 number = 3;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getNumber()
+    {
+        return $this->number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 number = 3;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setNumber($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->number = $var;
+        $this->has_number = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasNumber()
+    {
+        return $this->has_number;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Label label = 4;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getLabel()
+    {
+        return $this->label;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Label label = 4;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setLabel($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto_Label::class);
+        $this->label = $var;
+        $this->has_label = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasLabel()
+    {
+        return $this->has_label;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If type_name is set, this need not be set.  If both this and type_name
+     * are set, this must be one of TYPE_ENUM, TYPE_MESSAGE or TYPE_GROUP.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Type type = 5;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getType()
+    {
+        return $this->type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If type_name is set, this need not be set.  If both this and type_name
+     * are set, this must be one of TYPE_ENUM, TYPE_MESSAGE or TYPE_GROUP.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Type type = 5;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setType($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto_Type::class);
+        $this->type = $var;
+        $this->has_type = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasType()
+    {
+        return $this->has_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For message and enum types, this is the name of the type.  If the name
+     * starts with a '.', it is fully-qualified.  Otherwise, C++-like scoping
+     * rules are used to find the type (i.e. first the nested types within this
+     * message are searched, then within the parent, on up to the root
+     * namespace).
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string type_name = 6;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getTypeName()
+    {
+        return $this->type_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For message and enum types, this is the name of the type.  If the name
+     * starts with a '.', it is fully-qualified.  Otherwise, C++-like scoping
+     * rules are used to find the type (i.e. first the nested types within this
+     * message are searched, then within the parent, on up to the root
+     * namespace).
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string type_name = 6;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setTypeName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->type_name = $var;
+        $this->has_type_name = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasTypeName()
+    {
+        return $this->has_type_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For extensions, this is the name of the type being extended.  It is
+     * resolved in the same manner as type_name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string extendee = 2;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getExtendee()
+    {
+        return $this->extendee;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For extensions, this is the name of the type being extended.  It is
+     * resolved in the same manner as type_name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string extendee = 2;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setExtendee($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->extendee = $var;
+        $this->has_extendee = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasExtendee()
+    {
+        return $this->has_extendee;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For numeric types, contains the original text representation of the value.
+     * For booleans, "true" or "false".
+     * For strings, contains the default text contents (not escaped in any way).
+     * For bytes, contains the C escaped value.  All bytes >= 128 are escaped.
+     * TODO(kenton):  Base-64 encode?
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string default_value = 7;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getDefaultValue()
+    {
+        return $this->default_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For numeric types, contains the original text representation of the value.
+     * For booleans, "true" or "false".
+     * For strings, contains the default text contents (not escaped in any way).
+     * For bytes, contains the C escaped value.  All bytes >= 128 are escaped.
+     * TODO(kenton):  Base-64 encode?
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string default_value = 7;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setDefaultValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->default_value = $var;
+        $this->has_default_value = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasDefaultValue()
+    {
+        return $this->has_default_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If set, gives the index of a oneof in the containing type's oneof_decl
+     * list.  This field is a member of that oneof.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 oneof_index = 9;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getOneofIndex()
+    {
+        return $this->oneof_index;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If set, gives the index of a oneof in the containing type's oneof_decl
+     * list.  This field is a member of that oneof.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 oneof_index = 9;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOneofIndex($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->oneof_index = $var;
+        $this->has_oneof_index = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasOneofIndex()
+    {
+        return $this->has_oneof_index;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * JSON name of this field. The value is set by protocol compiler. If the
+     * user has set a "json_name" option on this field, that option's value
+     * will be used. Otherwise, it's deduced from the field's name by converting
+     * it to camelCase.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string json_name = 10;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getJsonName()
+    {
+        return $this->json_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * JSON name of this field. The value is set by protocol compiler. If the
+     * user has set a "json_name" option on this field, that option's value
+     * will be used. Otherwise, it's deduced from the field's name by converting
+     * it to camelCase.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string json_name = 10;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setJsonName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->json_name = $var;
+        $this->has_json_name = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasJsonName()
+    {
+        return $this->has_json_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions options = 8;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions options = 8;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions::class);
+        $this->options = $var;
+        $this->has_options = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->has_options;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto/Label.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto/Label.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a54b228f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto/Label.php
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto;
+
+use UnexpectedValueException;
+
+/**
+ * Protobuf type <code>google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Label</code>
+ */
+class Label
+{
+    /**
+     * 0 is reserved for errors
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>LABEL_OPTIONAL = 1;</code>
+     */
+    const LABEL_OPTIONAL = 1;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>LABEL_REQUIRED = 2;</code>
+     */
+    const LABEL_REQUIRED = 2;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>LABEL_REPEATED = 3;</code>
+     */
+    const LABEL_REPEATED = 3;
+
+    private static $valueToName = [
+        self::LABEL_OPTIONAL => 'LABEL_OPTIONAL',
+        self::LABEL_REQUIRED => 'LABEL_REQUIRED',
+        self::LABEL_REPEATED => 'LABEL_REPEATED',
+    ];
+
+    public static function name($value)
+    {
+        if (!isset(self::$valueToName[$value])) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no name defined for value %s', __CLASS__, $value));
+        }
+        return self::$valueToName[$value];
+    }
+
+
+    public static function value($name)
+    {
+        $const = __CLASS__ . '::' . strtoupper($name);
+        if (!defined($const)) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no value defined for name %s', __CLASS__, $name));
+        }
+        return constant($const);
+    }
+}
+
+// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
+class_alias(Label::class, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto_Label::class);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto/Type.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto/Type.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6072e9990
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto/Type.php
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto;
+
+use UnexpectedValueException;
+
+/**
+ * Protobuf type <code>google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Type</code>
+ */
+class Type
+{
+    /**
+     * 0 is reserved for errors.
+     * Order is weird for historical reasons.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_DOUBLE = 1;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_DOUBLE = 1;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_FLOAT = 2;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_FLOAT = 2;
+    /**
+     * Not ZigZag encoded.  Negative numbers take 10 bytes.  Use TYPE_SINT64 if
+     * negative values are likely.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_INT64 = 3;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_INT64 = 3;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_UINT64 = 4;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_UINT64 = 4;
+    /**
+     * Not ZigZag encoded.  Negative numbers take 10 bytes.  Use TYPE_SINT32 if
+     * negative values are likely.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_INT32 = 5;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_INT32 = 5;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_FIXED64 = 6;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_FIXED64 = 6;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_FIXED32 = 7;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_FIXED32 = 7;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_BOOL = 8;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_BOOL = 8;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_STRING = 9;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_STRING = 9;
+    /**
+     * Tag-delimited aggregate.
+     * Group type is deprecated and not supported in proto3. However, Proto3
+     * implementations should still be able to parse the group wire format and
+     * treat group fields as unknown fields.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_GROUP = 10;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_GROUP = 10;
+    /**
+     * Length-delimited aggregate.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_MESSAGE = 11;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_MESSAGE = 11;
+    /**
+     * New in version 2.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_BYTES = 12;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_BYTES = 12;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_UINT32 = 13;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_UINT32 = 13;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_ENUM = 14;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_ENUM = 14;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16;
+    /**
+     * Uses ZigZag encoding.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_SINT32 = 17;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_SINT32 = 17;
+    /**
+     * Uses ZigZag encoding.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>TYPE_SINT64 = 18;</code>
+     */
+    const TYPE_SINT64 = 18;
+
+    private static $valueToName = [
+        self::TYPE_DOUBLE => 'TYPE_DOUBLE',
+        self::TYPE_FLOAT => 'TYPE_FLOAT',
+        self::TYPE_INT64 => 'TYPE_INT64',
+        self::TYPE_UINT64 => 'TYPE_UINT64',
+        self::TYPE_INT32 => 'TYPE_INT32',
+        self::TYPE_FIXED64 => 'TYPE_FIXED64',
+        self::TYPE_FIXED32 => 'TYPE_FIXED32',
+        self::TYPE_BOOL => 'TYPE_BOOL',
+        self::TYPE_STRING => 'TYPE_STRING',
+        self::TYPE_GROUP => 'TYPE_GROUP',
+        self::TYPE_MESSAGE => 'TYPE_MESSAGE',
+        self::TYPE_BYTES => 'TYPE_BYTES',
+        self::TYPE_UINT32 => 'TYPE_UINT32',
+        self::TYPE_ENUM => 'TYPE_ENUM',
+        self::TYPE_SFIXED32 => 'TYPE_SFIXED32',
+        self::TYPE_SFIXED64 => 'TYPE_SFIXED64',
+        self::TYPE_SINT32 => 'TYPE_SINT32',
+        self::TYPE_SINT64 => 'TYPE_SINT64',
+    ];
+
+    public static function name($value)
+    {
+        if (!isset(self::$valueToName[$value])) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no name defined for value %s', __CLASS__, $value));
+        }
+        return self::$valueToName[$value];
+    }
+
+
+    public static function value($name)
+    {
+        $const = __CLASS__ . '::' . strtoupper($name);
+        if (!defined($const)) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no value defined for name %s', __CLASS__, $name));
+        }
+        return constant($const);
+    }
+}
+
+// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
+class_alias(Type::class, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto_Type::class);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto_Label.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto_Label.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..218a846e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto_Label.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+if (false) {
+    /**
+     * This class is deprecated. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto\Label instead.
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    class FieldDescriptorProto_Label {}
+}
+class_exists(FieldDescriptorProto\Label::class);
+@trigger_error('Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto_Label is deprecated and will be removed in the next major release. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto\Label instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto_Type.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto_Type.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd8d449a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldDescriptorProto_Type.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+if (false) {
+    /**
+     * This class is deprecated. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto\Type instead.
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    class FieldDescriptorProto_Type {}
+}
+class_exists(FieldDescriptorProto\Type::class);
+@trigger_error('Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto_Type is deprecated and will be removed in the next major release. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto\Type instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ccc41825
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions.php
@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.FieldOptions</code>
+ */
+class FieldOptions extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The ctype option instructs the C++ code generator to use a different
+     * representation of the field than it normally would.  See the specific
+     * options below.  This option is not yet implemented in the open source
+     * release -- sorry, we'll try to include it in a future version!
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];</code>
+     */
+    protected $ctype = 0;
+    private $has_ctype = false;
+    /**
+     * The packed option can be enabled for repeated primitive fields to enable
+     * a more efficient representation on the wire. Rather than repeatedly
+     * writing the tag and type for each element, the entire array is encoded as
+     * a single length-delimited blob. In proto3, only explicit setting it to
+     * false will avoid using packed encoding.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool packed = 2;</code>
+     */
+    protected $packed = false;
+    private $has_packed = false;
+    /**
+     * The jstype option determines the JavaScript type used for values of the
+     * field.  The option is permitted only for 64 bit integral and fixed types
+     * (int64, uint64, sint64, fixed64, sfixed64).  A field with jstype JS_STRING
+     * is represented as JavaScript string, which avoids loss of precision that
+     * can happen when a large value is converted to a floating point JavaScript.
+     * Specifying JS_NUMBER for the jstype causes the generated JavaScript code to
+     * use the JavaScript "number" type.  The behavior of the default option
+     * JS_NORMAL is implementation dependent.
+     * This option is an enum to permit additional types to be added, e.g.
+     * goog.math.Integer.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];</code>
+     */
+    protected $jstype = 0;
+    private $has_jstype = false;
+    /**
+     * Should this field be parsed lazily?  Lazy applies only to message-type
+     * fields.  It means that when the outer message is initially parsed, the
+     * inner message's contents will not be parsed but instead stored in encoded
+     * form.  The inner message will actually be parsed when it is first accessed.
+     * This is only a hint.  Implementations are free to choose whether to use
+     * eager or lazy parsing regardless of the value of this option.  However,
+     * setting this option true suggests that the protocol author believes that
+     * using lazy parsing on this field is worth the additional bookkeeping
+     * overhead typically needed to implement it.
+     * This option does not affect the public interface of any generated code;
+     * all method signatures remain the same.  Furthermore, thread-safety of the
+     * interface is not affected by this option; const methods remain safe to
+     * call from multiple threads concurrently, while non-const methods continue
+     * to require exclusive access.
+     * Note that implementations may choose not to check required fields within
+     * a lazy sub-message.  That is, calling IsInitialized() on the outer message
+     * may return true even if the inner message has missing required fields.
+     * This is necessary because otherwise the inner message would have to be
+     * parsed in order to perform the check, defeating the purpose of lazy
+     * parsing.  An implementation which chooses not to check required fields
+     * must be consistent about it.  That is, for any particular sub-message, the
+     * implementation must either *always* check its required fields, or *never*
+     * check its required fields, regardless of whether or not the message has
+     * been parsed.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool lazy = 5 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $lazy = false;
+    private $has_lazy = false;
+    /**
+     * Is this field deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for accessors, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+     * is a formalization for deprecating fields.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $deprecated = false;
+    private $has_deprecated = false;
+    /**
+     * For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool weak = 10 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $weak = false;
+    private $has_weak = false;
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     */
+    private $uninterpreted_option;
+    private $has_uninterpreted_option = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type int $ctype
+     *           The ctype option instructs the C++ code generator to use a different
+     *           representation of the field than it normally would.  See the specific
+     *           options below.  This option is not yet implemented in the open source
+     *           release -- sorry, we'll try to include it in a future version!
+     *     @type bool $packed
+     *           The packed option can be enabled for repeated primitive fields to enable
+     *           a more efficient representation on the wire. Rather than repeatedly
+     *           writing the tag and type for each element, the entire array is encoded as
+     *           a single length-delimited blob. In proto3, only explicit setting it to
+     *           false will avoid using packed encoding.
+     *     @type int $jstype
+     *           The jstype option determines the JavaScript type used for values of the
+     *           field.  The option is permitted only for 64 bit integral and fixed types
+     *           (int64, uint64, sint64, fixed64, sfixed64).  A field with jstype JS_STRING
+     *           is represented as JavaScript string, which avoids loss of precision that
+     *           can happen when a large value is converted to a floating point JavaScript.
+     *           Specifying JS_NUMBER for the jstype causes the generated JavaScript code to
+     *           use the JavaScript "number" type.  The behavior of the default option
+     *           JS_NORMAL is implementation dependent.
+     *           This option is an enum to permit additional types to be added, e.g.
+     *           goog.math.Integer.
+     *     @type bool $lazy
+     *           Should this field be parsed lazily?  Lazy applies only to message-type
+     *           fields.  It means that when the outer message is initially parsed, the
+     *           inner message's contents will not be parsed but instead stored in encoded
+     *           form.  The inner message will actually be parsed when it is first accessed.
+     *           This is only a hint.  Implementations are free to choose whether to use
+     *           eager or lazy parsing regardless of the value of this option.  However,
+     *           setting this option true suggests that the protocol author believes that
+     *           using lazy parsing on this field is worth the additional bookkeeping
+     *           overhead typically needed to implement it.
+     *           This option does not affect the public interface of any generated code;
+     *           all method signatures remain the same.  Furthermore, thread-safety of the
+     *           interface is not affected by this option; const methods remain safe to
+     *           call from multiple threads concurrently, while non-const methods continue
+     *           to require exclusive access.
+     *           Note that implementations may choose not to check required fields within
+     *           a lazy sub-message.  That is, calling IsInitialized() on the outer message
+     *           may return true even if the inner message has missing required fields.
+     *           This is necessary because otherwise the inner message would have to be
+     *           parsed in order to perform the check, defeating the purpose of lazy
+     *           parsing.  An implementation which chooses not to check required fields
+     *           must be consistent about it.  That is, for any particular sub-message, the
+     *           implementation must either *always* check its required fields, or *never*
+     *           check its required fields, regardless of whether or not the message has
+     *           been parsed.
+     *     @type bool $deprecated
+     *           Is this field deprecated?
+     *           Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     *           for accessors, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+     *           is a formalization for deprecating fields.
+     *     @type bool $weak
+     *           For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $uninterpreted_option
+     *           The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The ctype option instructs the C++ code generator to use a different
+     * representation of the field than it normally would.  See the specific
+     * options below.  This option is not yet implemented in the open source
+     * release -- sorry, we'll try to include it in a future version!
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getCtype()
+    {
+        return $this->ctype;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The ctype option instructs the C++ code generator to use a different
+     * representation of the field than it normally would.  See the specific
+     * options below.  This option is not yet implemented in the open source
+     * release -- sorry, we'll try to include it in a future version!
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setCtype($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions_CType::class);
+        $this->ctype = $var;
+        $this->has_ctype = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasCtype()
+    {
+        return $this->has_ctype;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The packed option can be enabled for repeated primitive fields to enable
+     * a more efficient representation on the wire. Rather than repeatedly
+     * writing the tag and type for each element, the entire array is encoded as
+     * a single length-delimited blob. In proto3, only explicit setting it to
+     * false will avoid using packed encoding.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool packed = 2;</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getPacked()
+    {
+        return $this->packed;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The packed option can be enabled for repeated primitive fields to enable
+     * a more efficient representation on the wire. Rather than repeatedly
+     * writing the tag and type for each element, the entire array is encoded as
+     * a single length-delimited blob. In proto3, only explicit setting it to
+     * false will avoid using packed encoding.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool packed = 2;</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setPacked($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->packed = $var;
+        $this->has_packed = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasPacked()
+    {
+        return $this->has_packed;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The jstype option determines the JavaScript type used for values of the
+     * field.  The option is permitted only for 64 bit integral and fixed types
+     * (int64, uint64, sint64, fixed64, sfixed64).  A field with jstype JS_STRING
+     * is represented as JavaScript string, which avoids loss of precision that
+     * can happen when a large value is converted to a floating point JavaScript.
+     * Specifying JS_NUMBER for the jstype causes the generated JavaScript code to
+     * use the JavaScript "number" type.  The behavior of the default option
+     * JS_NORMAL is implementation dependent.
+     * This option is an enum to permit additional types to be added, e.g.
+     * goog.math.Integer.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getJstype()
+    {
+        return $this->jstype;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The jstype option determines the JavaScript type used for values of the
+     * field.  The option is permitted only for 64 bit integral and fixed types
+     * (int64, uint64, sint64, fixed64, sfixed64).  A field with jstype JS_STRING
+     * is represented as JavaScript string, which avoids loss of precision that
+     * can happen when a large value is converted to a floating point JavaScript.
+     * Specifying JS_NUMBER for the jstype causes the generated JavaScript code to
+     * use the JavaScript "number" type.  The behavior of the default option
+     * JS_NORMAL is implementation dependent.
+     * This option is an enum to permit additional types to be added, e.g.
+     * goog.math.Integer.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setJstype($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions_JSType::class);
+        $this->jstype = $var;
+        $this->has_jstype = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasJstype()
+    {
+        return $this->has_jstype;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Should this field be parsed lazily?  Lazy applies only to message-type
+     * fields.  It means that when the outer message is initially parsed, the
+     * inner message's contents will not be parsed but instead stored in encoded
+     * form.  The inner message will actually be parsed when it is first accessed.
+     * This is only a hint.  Implementations are free to choose whether to use
+     * eager or lazy parsing regardless of the value of this option.  However,
+     * setting this option true suggests that the protocol author believes that
+     * using lazy parsing on this field is worth the additional bookkeeping
+     * overhead typically needed to implement it.
+     * This option does not affect the public interface of any generated code;
+     * all method signatures remain the same.  Furthermore, thread-safety of the
+     * interface is not affected by this option; const methods remain safe to
+     * call from multiple threads concurrently, while non-const methods continue
+     * to require exclusive access.
+     * Note that implementations may choose not to check required fields within
+     * a lazy sub-message.  That is, calling IsInitialized() on the outer message
+     * may return true even if the inner message has missing required fields.
+     * This is necessary because otherwise the inner message would have to be
+     * parsed in order to perform the check, defeating the purpose of lazy
+     * parsing.  An implementation which chooses not to check required fields
+     * must be consistent about it.  That is, for any particular sub-message, the
+     * implementation must either *always* check its required fields, or *never*
+     * check its required fields, regardless of whether or not the message has
+     * been parsed.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool lazy = 5 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getLazy()
+    {
+        return $this->lazy;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Should this field be parsed lazily?  Lazy applies only to message-type
+     * fields.  It means that when the outer message is initially parsed, the
+     * inner message's contents will not be parsed but instead stored in encoded
+     * form.  The inner message will actually be parsed when it is first accessed.
+     * This is only a hint.  Implementations are free to choose whether to use
+     * eager or lazy parsing regardless of the value of this option.  However,
+     * setting this option true suggests that the protocol author believes that
+     * using lazy parsing on this field is worth the additional bookkeeping
+     * overhead typically needed to implement it.
+     * This option does not affect the public interface of any generated code;
+     * all method signatures remain the same.  Furthermore, thread-safety of the
+     * interface is not affected by this option; const methods remain safe to
+     * call from multiple threads concurrently, while non-const methods continue
+     * to require exclusive access.
+     * Note that implementations may choose not to check required fields within
+     * a lazy sub-message.  That is, calling IsInitialized() on the outer message
+     * may return true even if the inner message has missing required fields.
+     * This is necessary because otherwise the inner message would have to be
+     * parsed in order to perform the check, defeating the purpose of lazy
+     * parsing.  An implementation which chooses not to check required fields
+     * must be consistent about it.  That is, for any particular sub-message, the
+     * implementation must either *always* check its required fields, or *never*
+     * check its required fields, regardless of whether or not the message has
+     * been parsed.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool lazy = 5 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setLazy($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->lazy = $var;
+        $this->has_lazy = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasLazy()
+    {
+        return $this->has_lazy;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this field deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for accessors, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+     * is a formalization for deprecating fields.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getDeprecated()
+    {
+        return $this->deprecated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this field deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for accessors, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+     * is a formalization for deprecating fields.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setDeprecated($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->deprecated = $var;
+        $this->has_deprecated = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasDeprecated()
+    {
+        return $this->has_deprecated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool weak = 10 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getWeak()
+    {
+        return $this->weak;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool weak = 10 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setWeak($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->weak = $var;
+        $this->has_weak = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasWeak()
+    {
+        return $this->has_weak;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setUninterpretedOption($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption::class);
+        $this->uninterpreted_option = $arr;
+        $this->has_uninterpreted_option = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->has_uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions/CType.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions/CType.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba9eb4adb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions/CType.php
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions;
+
+use UnexpectedValueException;
+
+/**
+ * Protobuf type <code>google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType</code>
+ */
+class CType
+{
+    /**
+     * Default mode.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>STRING = 0;</code>
+     */
+    const STRING = 0;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>CORD = 1;</code>
+     */
+    const CORD = 1;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>STRING_PIECE = 2;</code>
+     */
+    const STRING_PIECE = 2;
+
+    private static $valueToName = [
+        self::STRING => 'STRING',
+        self::CORD => 'CORD',
+        self::STRING_PIECE => 'STRING_PIECE',
+    ];
+
+    public static function name($value)
+    {
+        if (!isset(self::$valueToName[$value])) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no name defined for value %s', __CLASS__, $value));
+        }
+        return self::$valueToName[$value];
+    }
+
+
+    public static function value($name)
+    {
+        $const = __CLASS__ . '::' . strtoupper($name);
+        if (!defined($const)) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no value defined for name %s', __CLASS__, $name));
+        }
+        return constant($const);
+    }
+}
+
+// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
+class_alias(CType::class, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions_CType::class);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions/JSType.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions/JSType.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..175a4330b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions/JSType.php
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions;
+
+use UnexpectedValueException;
+
+/**
+ * Protobuf type <code>google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType</code>
+ */
+class JSType
+{
+    /**
+     * Use the default type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>JS_NORMAL = 0;</code>
+     */
+    const JS_NORMAL = 0;
+    /**
+     * Use JavaScript strings.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>JS_STRING = 1;</code>
+     */
+    const JS_STRING = 1;
+    /**
+     * Use JavaScript numbers.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>JS_NUMBER = 2;</code>
+     */
+    const JS_NUMBER = 2;
+
+    private static $valueToName = [
+        self::JS_NORMAL => 'JS_NORMAL',
+        self::JS_STRING => 'JS_STRING',
+        self::JS_NUMBER => 'JS_NUMBER',
+    ];
+
+    public static function name($value)
+    {
+        if (!isset(self::$valueToName[$value])) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no name defined for value %s', __CLASS__, $value));
+        }
+        return self::$valueToName[$value];
+    }
+
+
+    public static function value($name)
+    {
+        $const = __CLASS__ . '::' . strtoupper($name);
+        if (!defined($const)) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no value defined for name %s', __CLASS__, $name));
+        }
+        return constant($const);
+    }
+}
+
+// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
+class_alias(JSType::class, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions_JSType::class);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions_CType.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions_CType.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d18783ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions_CType.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+if (false) {
+    /**
+     * This class is deprecated. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions\CType instead.
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    class FieldOptions_CType {}
+}
+class_exists(FieldOptions\CType::class);
+@trigger_error('Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions_CType is deprecated and will be removed in the next major release. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions\CType instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions_JSType.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions_JSType.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9db078222
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FieldOptions_JSType.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+if (false) {
+    /**
+     * This class is deprecated. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions\JSType instead.
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    class FieldOptions_JSType {}
+}
+class_exists(FieldOptions\JSType::class);
+@trigger_error('Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions_JSType is deprecated and will be removed in the next major release. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldOptions\JSType instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileDescriptor.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileDescriptor.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..038da38cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileDescriptor.php
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+class FileDescriptor
+{
+
+    private $package;
+    private $message_type = [];
+    private $enum_type = [];
+
+    public function setPackage($package)
+    {
+        $this->package = $package;
+    }
+
+    public function getPackage()
+    {
+        return $this->package;
+    }
+
+    public function getMessageType()
+    {
+        return $this->message_type;
+    }
+
+    public function addMessageType($desc)
+    {
+        $this->message_type[] = $desc;
+    }
+
+    public function getEnumType()
+    {
+        return $this->enum_type;
+    }
+
+    public function addEnumType($desc)
+    {
+        $this->enum_type[]= $desc;
+    }
+
+    public static function buildFromProto($proto)
+    {
+        $file = new FileDescriptor();
+        $file->setPackage($proto->getPackage());
+        foreach ($proto->getMessageType() as $message_proto) {
+            $file->addMessageType(Descriptor::buildFromProto(
+                $message_proto, $proto, ""));
+        }
+        foreach ($proto->getEnumType() as $enum_proto) {
+            $file->addEnumType(
+                EnumDescriptor::buildFromProto(
+                    $enum_proto,
+                    $proto,
+                    ""));
+        }
+        return $file;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileDescriptorProto.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileDescriptorProto.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9e3648c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileDescriptorProto.php
@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Describes a complete .proto file.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto</code>
+ */
+class FileDescriptorProto extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * file name, relative to root of source tree
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    protected $name = '';
+    private $has_name = false;
+    /**
+     * e.g. "foo", "foo.bar", etc.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string package = 2;</code>
+     */
+    protected $package = '';
+    private $has_package = false;
+    /**
+     * Names of files imported by this file.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string dependency = 3;</code>
+     */
+    private $dependency;
+    private $has_dependency = false;
+    /**
+     * Indexes of the public imported files in the dependency list above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;</code>
+     */
+    private $public_dependency;
+    private $has_public_dependency = false;
+    /**
+     * Indexes of the weak imported files in the dependency list.
+     * For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;</code>
+     */
+    private $weak_dependency;
+    private $has_weak_dependency = false;
+    /**
+     * All top-level definitions in this file.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto message_type = 4;</code>
+     */
+    private $message_type;
+    private $has_message_type = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;</code>
+     */
+    private $enum_type;
+    private $has_enum_type = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;</code>
+     */
+    private $service;
+    private $has_service = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;</code>
+     */
+    private $extension;
+    private $has_extension = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions options = 8;</code>
+     */
+    protected $options = null;
+    private $has_options = false;
+    /**
+     * This field contains optional information about the original source code.
+     * You may safely remove this entire field without harming runtime
+     * functionality of the descriptors -- the information is needed only by
+     * development tools.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo source_code_info = 9;</code>
+     */
+    protected $source_code_info = null;
+    private $has_source_code_info = false;
+    /**
+     * The syntax of the proto file.
+     * The supported values are "proto2" and "proto3".
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string syntax = 12;</code>
+     */
+    protected $syntax = '';
+    private $has_syntax = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *           file name, relative to root of source tree
+     *     @type string $package
+     *           e.g. "foo", "foo.bar", etc.
+     *     @type string[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $dependency
+     *           Names of files imported by this file.
+     *     @type int[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $public_dependency
+     *           Indexes of the public imported files in the dependency list above.
+     *     @type int[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $weak_dependency
+     *           Indexes of the weak imported files in the dependency list.
+     *           For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $message_type
+     *           All top-level definitions in this file.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $enum_type
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\ServiceDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $service
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $extension
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileOptions $options
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\SourceCodeInfo $source_code_info
+     *           This field contains optional information about the original source code.
+     *           You may safely remove this entire field without harming runtime
+     *           functionality of the descriptors -- the information is needed only by
+     *           development tools.
+     *     @type string $syntax
+     *           The syntax of the proto file.
+     *           The supported values are "proto2" and "proto3".
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * file name, relative to root of source tree
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * file name, relative to root of source tree
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+        $this->has_name = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasName()
+    {
+        return $this->has_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * e.g. "foo", "foo.bar", etc.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string package = 2;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getPackage()
+    {
+        return $this->package;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * e.g. "foo", "foo.bar", etc.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string package = 2;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setPackage($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->package = $var;
+        $this->has_package = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasPackage()
+    {
+        return $this->has_package;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Names of files imported by this file.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string dependency = 3;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getDependency()
+    {
+        return $this->dependency;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Names of files imported by this file.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string dependency = 3;</code>
+     * @param string[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setDependency($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::STRING);
+        $this->dependency = $arr;
+        $this->has_dependency = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasDependency()
+    {
+        return $this->has_dependency;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indexes of the public imported files in the dependency list above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getPublicDependency()
+    {
+        return $this->public_dependency;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indexes of the public imported files in the dependency list above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;</code>
+     * @param int[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setPublicDependency($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::INT32);
+        $this->public_dependency = $arr;
+        $this->has_public_dependency = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasPublicDependency()
+    {
+        return $this->has_public_dependency;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indexes of the weak imported files in the dependency list.
+     * For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getWeakDependency()
+    {
+        return $this->weak_dependency;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indexes of the weak imported files in the dependency list.
+     * For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;</code>
+     * @param int[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setWeakDependency($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::INT32);
+        $this->weak_dependency = $arr;
+        $this->has_weak_dependency = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasWeakDependency()
+    {
+        return $this->has_weak_dependency;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * All top-level definitions in this file.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto message_type = 4;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getMessageType()
+    {
+        return $this->message_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * All top-level definitions in this file.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto message_type = 4;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setMessageType($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorProto::class);
+        $this->message_type = $arr;
+        $this->has_message_type = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasMessageType()
+    {
+        return $this->has_message_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getEnumType()
+    {
+        return $this->enum_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setEnumType($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\EnumDescriptorProto::class);
+        $this->enum_type = $arr;
+        $this->has_enum_type = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasEnumType()
+    {
+        return $this->has_enum_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getService()
+    {
+        return $this->service;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\ServiceDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setService($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\ServiceDescriptorProto::class);
+        $this->service = $arr;
+        $this->has_service = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasService()
+    {
+        return $this->has_service;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getExtension()
+    {
+        return $this->extension;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setExtension($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptorProto::class);
+        $this->extension = $arr;
+        $this->has_extension = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasExtension()
+    {
+        return $this->has_extension;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions options = 8;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileOptions
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions options = 8;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileOptions $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileOptions::class);
+        $this->options = $var;
+        $this->has_options = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->has_options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This field contains optional information about the original source code.
+     * You may safely remove this entire field without harming runtime
+     * functionality of the descriptors -- the information is needed only by
+     * development tools.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo source_code_info = 9;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\SourceCodeInfo
+     */
+    public function getSourceCodeInfo()
+    {
+        return $this->source_code_info;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This field contains optional information about the original source code.
+     * You may safely remove this entire field without harming runtime
+     * functionality of the descriptors -- the information is needed only by
+     * development tools.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo source_code_info = 9;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\SourceCodeInfo $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setSourceCodeInfo($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\SourceCodeInfo::class);
+        $this->source_code_info = $var;
+        $this->has_source_code_info = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasSourceCodeInfo()
+    {
+        return $this->has_source_code_info;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The syntax of the proto file.
+     * The supported values are "proto2" and "proto3".
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string syntax = 12;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getSyntax()
+    {
+        return $this->syntax;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The syntax of the proto file.
+     * The supported values are "proto2" and "proto3".
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string syntax = 12;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setSyntax($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->syntax = $var;
+        $this->has_syntax = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasSyntax()
+    {
+        return $this->has_syntax;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileDescriptorSet.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileDescriptorSet.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9907b17d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileDescriptorSet.php
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * The protocol compiler can output a FileDescriptorSet containing the .proto
+ * files it parses.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet</code>
+ */
+class FileDescriptorSet extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto file = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $file;
+    private $has_file = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $file
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto file = 1;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getFile()
+    {
+        return $this->file;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto file = 1;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setFile($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileDescriptorProto::class);
+        $this->file = $arr;
+        $this->has_file = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasFile()
+    {
+        return $this->has_file;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileOptions.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileOptions.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..605d92bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileOptions.php
@@ -0,0 +1,1046 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.FileOptions</code>
+ */
+class FileOptions extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Sets the Java package where classes generated from this .proto will be
+     * placed.  By default, the proto package is used, but this is often
+     * inappropriate because proto packages do not normally start with backwards
+     * domain names.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string java_package = 1;</code>
+     */
+    protected $java_package = '';
+    private $has_java_package = false;
+    /**
+     * If set, all the classes from the .proto file are wrapped in a single
+     * outer class with the given name.  This applies to both Proto1
+     * (equivalent to the old "--one_java_file" option) and Proto2 (where
+     * a .proto always translates to a single class, but you may want to
+     * explicitly choose the class name).
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string java_outer_classname = 8;</code>
+     */
+    protected $java_outer_classname = '';
+    private $has_java_outer_classname = false;
+    /**
+     * If set true, then the Java code generator will generate a separate .java
+     * file for each top-level message, enum, and service defined in the .proto
+     * file.  Thus, these types will *not* be nested inside the outer class
+     * named by java_outer_classname.  However, the outer class will still be
+     * generated to contain the file's getDescriptor() method as well as any
+     * top-level extensions defined in the file.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $java_multiple_files = false;
+    private $has_java_multiple_files = false;
+    /**
+     * This option does nothing.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     */
+    protected $java_generate_equals_and_hash = false;
+    private $has_java_generate_equals_and_hash = false;
+    /**
+     * If set true, then the Java2 code generator will generate code that
+     * throws an exception whenever an attempt is made to assign a non-UTF-8
+     * byte sequence to a string field.
+     * Message reflection will do the same.
+     * However, an extension field still accepts non-UTF-8 byte sequences.
+     * This option has no effect on when used with the lite runtime.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $java_string_check_utf8 = false;
+    private $has_java_string_check_utf8 = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default = SPEED];</code>
+     */
+    protected $optimize_for = 0;
+    private $has_optimize_for = false;
+    /**
+     * Sets the Go package where structs generated from this .proto will be
+     * placed. If omitted, the Go package will be derived from the following:
+     *   - The basename of the package import path, if provided.
+     *   - Otherwise, the package statement in the .proto file, if present.
+     *   - Otherwise, the basename of the .proto file, without extension.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string go_package = 11;</code>
+     */
+    protected $go_package = '';
+    private $has_go_package = false;
+    /**
+     * Should generic services be generated in each language?  "Generic" services
+     * are not specific to any particular RPC system.  They are generated by the
+     * main code generators in each language (without additional plugins).
+     * Generic services were the only kind of service generation supported by
+     * early versions of google.protobuf.
+     * Generic services are now considered deprecated in favor of using plugins
+     * that generate code specific to your particular RPC system.  Therefore,
+     * these default to false.  Old code which depends on generic services should
+     * explicitly set them to true.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $cc_generic_services = false;
+    private $has_cc_generic_services = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $java_generic_services = false;
+    private $has_java_generic_services = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $py_generic_services = false;
+    private $has_py_generic_services = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool php_generic_services = 42 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $php_generic_services = false;
+    private $has_php_generic_services = false;
+    /**
+     * Is this file deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for everything in the file, or it will be completely ignored; in the very
+     * least, this is a formalization for deprecating files.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $deprecated = false;
+    private $has_deprecated = false;
+    /**
+     * Enables the use of arenas for the proto messages in this file. This applies
+     * only to generated classes for C++.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool cc_enable_arenas = 31 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $cc_enable_arenas = false;
+    private $has_cc_enable_arenas = false;
+    /**
+     * Sets the objective c class prefix which is prepended to all objective c
+     * generated classes from this .proto. There is no default.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;</code>
+     */
+    protected $objc_class_prefix = '';
+    private $has_objc_class_prefix = false;
+    /**
+     * Namespace for generated classes; defaults to the package.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string csharp_namespace = 37;</code>
+     */
+    protected $csharp_namespace = '';
+    private $has_csharp_namespace = false;
+    /**
+     * By default Swift generators will take the proto package and CamelCase it
+     * replacing '.' with underscore and use that to prefix the types/symbols
+     * defined. When this options is provided, they will use this value instead
+     * to prefix the types/symbols defined.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string swift_prefix = 39;</code>
+     */
+    protected $swift_prefix = '';
+    private $has_swift_prefix = false;
+    /**
+     * Sets the php class prefix which is prepended to all php generated classes
+     * from this .proto. Default is empty.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string php_class_prefix = 40;</code>
+     */
+    protected $php_class_prefix = '';
+    private $has_php_class_prefix = false;
+    /**
+     * Use this option to change the namespace of php generated classes. Default
+     * is empty. When this option is empty, the package name will be used for
+     * determining the namespace.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string php_namespace = 41;</code>
+     */
+    protected $php_namespace = '';
+    private $has_php_namespace = false;
+    /**
+     * Use this option to change the namespace of php generated metadata classes.
+     * Default is empty. When this option is empty, the proto file name will be
+     * used for determining the namespace.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string php_metadata_namespace = 44;</code>
+     */
+    protected $php_metadata_namespace = '';
+    private $has_php_metadata_namespace = false;
+    /**
+     * Use this option to change the package of ruby generated classes. Default
+     * is empty. When this option is not set, the package name will be used for
+     * determining the ruby package.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string ruby_package = 45;</code>
+     */
+    protected $ruby_package = '';
+    private $has_ruby_package = false;
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here.
+     * See the documentation for the "Options" section above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     */
+    private $uninterpreted_option;
+    private $has_uninterpreted_option = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $java_package
+     *           Sets the Java package where classes generated from this .proto will be
+     *           placed.  By default, the proto package is used, but this is often
+     *           inappropriate because proto packages do not normally start with backwards
+     *           domain names.
+     *     @type string $java_outer_classname
+     *           If set, all the classes from the .proto file are wrapped in a single
+     *           outer class with the given name.  This applies to both Proto1
+     *           (equivalent to the old "--one_java_file" option) and Proto2 (where
+     *           a .proto always translates to a single class, but you may want to
+     *           explicitly choose the class name).
+     *     @type bool $java_multiple_files
+     *           If set true, then the Java code generator will generate a separate .java
+     *           file for each top-level message, enum, and service defined in the .proto
+     *           file.  Thus, these types will *not* be nested inside the outer class
+     *           named by java_outer_classname.  However, the outer class will still be
+     *           generated to contain the file's getDescriptor() method as well as any
+     *           top-level extensions defined in the file.
+     *     @type bool $java_generate_equals_and_hash
+     *           This option does nothing.
+     *     @type bool $java_string_check_utf8
+     *           If set true, then the Java2 code generator will generate code that
+     *           throws an exception whenever an attempt is made to assign a non-UTF-8
+     *           byte sequence to a string field.
+     *           Message reflection will do the same.
+     *           However, an extension field still accepts non-UTF-8 byte sequences.
+     *           This option has no effect on when used with the lite runtime.
+     *     @type int $optimize_for
+     *     @type string $go_package
+     *           Sets the Go package where structs generated from this .proto will be
+     *           placed. If omitted, the Go package will be derived from the following:
+     *             - The basename of the package import path, if provided.
+     *             - Otherwise, the package statement in the .proto file, if present.
+     *             - Otherwise, the basename of the .proto file, without extension.
+     *     @type bool $cc_generic_services
+     *           Should generic services be generated in each language?  "Generic" services
+     *           are not specific to any particular RPC system.  They are generated by the
+     *           main code generators in each language (without additional plugins).
+     *           Generic services were the only kind of service generation supported by
+     *           early versions of google.protobuf.
+     *           Generic services are now considered deprecated in favor of using plugins
+     *           that generate code specific to your particular RPC system.  Therefore,
+     *           these default to false.  Old code which depends on generic services should
+     *           explicitly set them to true.
+     *     @type bool $java_generic_services
+     *     @type bool $py_generic_services
+     *     @type bool $php_generic_services
+     *     @type bool $deprecated
+     *           Is this file deprecated?
+     *           Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     *           for everything in the file, or it will be completely ignored; in the very
+     *           least, this is a formalization for deprecating files.
+     *     @type bool $cc_enable_arenas
+     *           Enables the use of arenas for the proto messages in this file. This applies
+     *           only to generated classes for C++.
+     *     @type string $objc_class_prefix
+     *           Sets the objective c class prefix which is prepended to all objective c
+     *           generated classes from this .proto. There is no default.
+     *     @type string $csharp_namespace
+     *           Namespace for generated classes; defaults to the package.
+     *     @type string $swift_prefix
+     *           By default Swift generators will take the proto package and CamelCase it
+     *           replacing '.' with underscore and use that to prefix the types/symbols
+     *           defined. When this options is provided, they will use this value instead
+     *           to prefix the types/symbols defined.
+     *     @type string $php_class_prefix
+     *           Sets the php class prefix which is prepended to all php generated classes
+     *           from this .proto. Default is empty.
+     *     @type string $php_namespace
+     *           Use this option to change the namespace of php generated classes. Default
+     *           is empty. When this option is empty, the package name will be used for
+     *           determining the namespace.
+     *     @type string $php_metadata_namespace
+     *           Use this option to change the namespace of php generated metadata classes.
+     *           Default is empty. When this option is empty, the proto file name will be
+     *           used for determining the namespace.
+     *     @type string $ruby_package
+     *           Use this option to change the package of ruby generated classes. Default
+     *           is empty. When this option is not set, the package name will be used for
+     *           determining the ruby package.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $uninterpreted_option
+     *           The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here.
+     *           See the documentation for the "Options" section above.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the Java package where classes generated from this .proto will be
+     * placed.  By default, the proto package is used, but this is often
+     * inappropriate because proto packages do not normally start with backwards
+     * domain names.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string java_package = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getJavaPackage()
+    {
+        return $this->java_package;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the Java package where classes generated from this .proto will be
+     * placed.  By default, the proto package is used, but this is often
+     * inappropriate because proto packages do not normally start with backwards
+     * domain names.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string java_package = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setJavaPackage($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->java_package = $var;
+        $this->has_java_package = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasJavaPackage()
+    {
+        return $this->has_java_package;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If set, all the classes from the .proto file are wrapped in a single
+     * outer class with the given name.  This applies to both Proto1
+     * (equivalent to the old "--one_java_file" option) and Proto2 (where
+     * a .proto always translates to a single class, but you may want to
+     * explicitly choose the class name).
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string java_outer_classname = 8;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getJavaOuterClassname()
+    {
+        return $this->java_outer_classname;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If set, all the classes from the .proto file are wrapped in a single
+     * outer class with the given name.  This applies to both Proto1
+     * (equivalent to the old "--one_java_file" option) and Proto2 (where
+     * a .proto always translates to a single class, but you may want to
+     * explicitly choose the class name).
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string java_outer_classname = 8;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setJavaOuterClassname($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->java_outer_classname = $var;
+        $this->has_java_outer_classname = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasJavaOuterClassname()
+    {
+        return $this->has_java_outer_classname;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If set true, then the Java code generator will generate a separate .java
+     * file for each top-level message, enum, and service defined in the .proto
+     * file.  Thus, these types will *not* be nested inside the outer class
+     * named by java_outer_classname.  However, the outer class will still be
+     * generated to contain the file's getDescriptor() method as well as any
+     * top-level extensions defined in the file.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getJavaMultipleFiles()
+    {
+        return $this->java_multiple_files;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If set true, then the Java code generator will generate a separate .java
+     * file for each top-level message, enum, and service defined in the .proto
+     * file.  Thus, these types will *not* be nested inside the outer class
+     * named by java_outer_classname.  However, the outer class will still be
+     * generated to contain the file's getDescriptor() method as well as any
+     * top-level extensions defined in the file.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setJavaMultipleFiles($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->java_multiple_files = $var;
+        $this->has_java_multiple_files = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasJavaMultipleFiles()
+    {
+        return $this->has_java_multiple_files;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This option does nothing.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getJavaGenerateEqualsAndHash()
+    {
+        return $this->java_generate_equals_and_hash;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This option does nothing.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setJavaGenerateEqualsAndHash($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->java_generate_equals_and_hash = $var;
+        $this->has_java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasJavaGenerateEqualsAndHash()
+    {
+        return $this->has_java_generate_equals_and_hash;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If set true, then the Java2 code generator will generate code that
+     * throws an exception whenever an attempt is made to assign a non-UTF-8
+     * byte sequence to a string field.
+     * Message reflection will do the same.
+     * However, an extension field still accepts non-UTF-8 byte sequences.
+     * This option has no effect on when used with the lite runtime.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getJavaStringCheckUtf8()
+    {
+        return $this->java_string_check_utf8;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If set true, then the Java2 code generator will generate code that
+     * throws an exception whenever an attempt is made to assign a non-UTF-8
+     * byte sequence to a string field.
+     * Message reflection will do the same.
+     * However, an extension field still accepts non-UTF-8 byte sequences.
+     * This option has no effect on when used with the lite runtime.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setJavaStringCheckUtf8($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->java_string_check_utf8 = $var;
+        $this->has_java_string_check_utf8 = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasJavaStringCheckUtf8()
+    {
+        return $this->has_java_string_check_utf8;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default = SPEED];</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getOptimizeFor()
+    {
+        return $this->optimize_for;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default = SPEED];</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptimizeFor($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileOptions_OptimizeMode::class);
+        $this->optimize_for = $var;
+        $this->has_optimize_for = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasOptimizeFor()
+    {
+        return $this->has_optimize_for;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the Go package where structs generated from this .proto will be
+     * placed. If omitted, the Go package will be derived from the following:
+     *   - The basename of the package import path, if provided.
+     *   - Otherwise, the package statement in the .proto file, if present.
+     *   - Otherwise, the basename of the .proto file, without extension.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string go_package = 11;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getGoPackage()
+    {
+        return $this->go_package;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the Go package where structs generated from this .proto will be
+     * placed. If omitted, the Go package will be derived from the following:
+     *   - The basename of the package import path, if provided.
+     *   - Otherwise, the package statement in the .proto file, if present.
+     *   - Otherwise, the basename of the .proto file, without extension.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string go_package = 11;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setGoPackage($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->go_package = $var;
+        $this->has_go_package = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasGoPackage()
+    {
+        return $this->has_go_package;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Should generic services be generated in each language?  "Generic" services
+     * are not specific to any particular RPC system.  They are generated by the
+     * main code generators in each language (without additional plugins).
+     * Generic services were the only kind of service generation supported by
+     * early versions of google.protobuf.
+     * Generic services are now considered deprecated in favor of using plugins
+     * that generate code specific to your particular RPC system.  Therefore,
+     * these default to false.  Old code which depends on generic services should
+     * explicitly set them to true.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getCcGenericServices()
+    {
+        return $this->cc_generic_services;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Should generic services be generated in each language?  "Generic" services
+     * are not specific to any particular RPC system.  They are generated by the
+     * main code generators in each language (without additional plugins).
+     * Generic services were the only kind of service generation supported by
+     * early versions of google.protobuf.
+     * Generic services are now considered deprecated in favor of using plugins
+     * that generate code specific to your particular RPC system.  Therefore,
+     * these default to false.  Old code which depends on generic services should
+     * explicitly set them to true.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setCcGenericServices($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->cc_generic_services = $var;
+        $this->has_cc_generic_services = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasCcGenericServices()
+    {
+        return $this->has_cc_generic_services;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getJavaGenericServices()
+    {
+        return $this->java_generic_services;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setJavaGenericServices($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->java_generic_services = $var;
+        $this->has_java_generic_services = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasJavaGenericServices()
+    {
+        return $this->has_java_generic_services;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getPyGenericServices()
+    {
+        return $this->py_generic_services;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setPyGenericServices($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->py_generic_services = $var;
+        $this->has_py_generic_services = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasPyGenericServices()
+    {
+        return $this->has_py_generic_services;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool php_generic_services = 42 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getPhpGenericServices()
+    {
+        return $this->php_generic_services;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool php_generic_services = 42 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setPhpGenericServices($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->php_generic_services = $var;
+        $this->has_php_generic_services = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasPhpGenericServices()
+    {
+        return $this->has_php_generic_services;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this file deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for everything in the file, or it will be completely ignored; in the very
+     * least, this is a formalization for deprecating files.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getDeprecated()
+    {
+        return $this->deprecated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this file deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for everything in the file, or it will be completely ignored; in the very
+     * least, this is a formalization for deprecating files.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setDeprecated($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->deprecated = $var;
+        $this->has_deprecated = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasDeprecated()
+    {
+        return $this->has_deprecated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enables the use of arenas for the proto messages in this file. This applies
+     * only to generated classes for C++.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool cc_enable_arenas = 31 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getCcEnableArenas()
+    {
+        return $this->cc_enable_arenas;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enables the use of arenas for the proto messages in this file. This applies
+     * only to generated classes for C++.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool cc_enable_arenas = 31 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setCcEnableArenas($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->cc_enable_arenas = $var;
+        $this->has_cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasCcEnableArenas()
+    {
+        return $this->has_cc_enable_arenas;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the objective c class prefix which is prepended to all objective c
+     * generated classes from this .proto. There is no default.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getObjcClassPrefix()
+    {
+        return $this->objc_class_prefix;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the objective c class prefix which is prepended to all objective c
+     * generated classes from this .proto. There is no default.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setObjcClassPrefix($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->objc_class_prefix = $var;
+        $this->has_objc_class_prefix = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasObjcClassPrefix()
+    {
+        return $this->has_objc_class_prefix;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Namespace for generated classes; defaults to the package.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string csharp_namespace = 37;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getCsharpNamespace()
+    {
+        return $this->csharp_namespace;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Namespace for generated classes; defaults to the package.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string csharp_namespace = 37;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setCsharpNamespace($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->csharp_namespace = $var;
+        $this->has_csharp_namespace = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasCsharpNamespace()
+    {
+        return $this->has_csharp_namespace;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * By default Swift generators will take the proto package and CamelCase it
+     * replacing '.' with underscore and use that to prefix the types/symbols
+     * defined. When this options is provided, they will use this value instead
+     * to prefix the types/symbols defined.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string swift_prefix = 39;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getSwiftPrefix()
+    {
+        return $this->swift_prefix;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * By default Swift generators will take the proto package and CamelCase it
+     * replacing '.' with underscore and use that to prefix the types/symbols
+     * defined. When this options is provided, they will use this value instead
+     * to prefix the types/symbols defined.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string swift_prefix = 39;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setSwiftPrefix($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->swift_prefix = $var;
+        $this->has_swift_prefix = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasSwiftPrefix()
+    {
+        return $this->has_swift_prefix;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the php class prefix which is prepended to all php generated classes
+     * from this .proto. Default is empty.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string php_class_prefix = 40;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getPhpClassPrefix()
+    {
+        return $this->php_class_prefix;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the php class prefix which is prepended to all php generated classes
+     * from this .proto. Default is empty.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string php_class_prefix = 40;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setPhpClassPrefix($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->php_class_prefix = $var;
+        $this->has_php_class_prefix = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasPhpClassPrefix()
+    {
+        return $this->has_php_class_prefix;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Use this option to change the namespace of php generated classes. Default
+     * is empty. When this option is empty, the package name will be used for
+     * determining the namespace.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string php_namespace = 41;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getPhpNamespace()
+    {
+        return $this->php_namespace;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Use this option to change the namespace of php generated classes. Default
+     * is empty. When this option is empty, the package name will be used for
+     * determining the namespace.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string php_namespace = 41;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setPhpNamespace($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->php_namespace = $var;
+        $this->has_php_namespace = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasPhpNamespace()
+    {
+        return $this->has_php_namespace;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Use this option to change the namespace of php generated metadata classes.
+     * Default is empty. When this option is empty, the proto file name will be
+     * used for determining the namespace.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string php_metadata_namespace = 44;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getPhpMetadataNamespace()
+    {
+        return $this->php_metadata_namespace;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Use this option to change the namespace of php generated metadata classes.
+     * Default is empty. When this option is empty, the proto file name will be
+     * used for determining the namespace.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string php_metadata_namespace = 44;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setPhpMetadataNamespace($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->php_metadata_namespace = $var;
+        $this->has_php_metadata_namespace = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasPhpMetadataNamespace()
+    {
+        return $this->has_php_metadata_namespace;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Use this option to change the package of ruby generated classes. Default
+     * is empty. When this option is not set, the package name will be used for
+     * determining the ruby package.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string ruby_package = 45;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getRubyPackage()
+    {
+        return $this->ruby_package;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Use this option to change the package of ruby generated classes. Default
+     * is empty. When this option is not set, the package name will be used for
+     * determining the ruby package.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string ruby_package = 45;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setRubyPackage($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->ruby_package = $var;
+        $this->has_ruby_package = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasRubyPackage()
+    {
+        return $this->has_ruby_package;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here.
+     * See the documentation for the "Options" section above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here.
+     * See the documentation for the "Options" section above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setUninterpretedOption($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption::class);
+        $this->uninterpreted_option = $arr;
+        $this->has_uninterpreted_option = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->has_uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileOptions/OptimizeMode.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileOptions/OptimizeMode.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0df27b533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileOptions/OptimizeMode.php
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileOptions;
+
+use UnexpectedValueException;
+
+/**
+ * Generated classes can be optimized for speed or code size.
+ *
+ * Protobuf type <code>google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode</code>
+ */
+class OptimizeMode
+{
+    /**
+     * Generate complete code for parsing, serialization,
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>SPEED = 1;</code>
+     */
+    const SPEED = 1;
+    /**
+     * etc.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>CODE_SIZE = 2;</code>
+     */
+    const CODE_SIZE = 2;
+    /**
+     * Generate code using MessageLite and the lite runtime.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>LITE_RUNTIME = 3;</code>
+     */
+    const LITE_RUNTIME = 3;
+
+    private static $valueToName = [
+        self::SPEED => 'SPEED',
+        self::CODE_SIZE => 'CODE_SIZE',
+        self::LITE_RUNTIME => 'LITE_RUNTIME',
+    ];
+
+    public static function name($value)
+    {
+        if (!isset(self::$valueToName[$value])) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no name defined for value %s', __CLASS__, $value));
+        }
+        return self::$valueToName[$value];
+    }
+
+
+    public static function value($name)
+    {
+        $const = __CLASS__ . '::' . strtoupper($name);
+        if (!defined($const)) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no value defined for name %s', __CLASS__, $name));
+        }
+        return constant($const);
+    }
+}
+
+// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
+class_alias(OptimizeMode::class, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileOptions_OptimizeMode::class);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileOptions_OptimizeMode.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileOptions_OptimizeMode.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8926e63ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/FileOptions_OptimizeMode.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+if (false) {
+    /**
+     * This class is deprecated. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileOptions\OptimizeMode instead.
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    class FileOptions_OptimizeMode {}
+}
+class_exists(FileOptions\OptimizeMode::class);
+@trigger_error('Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileOptions_OptimizeMode is deprecated and will be removed in the next major release. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileOptions\OptimizeMode instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBDecodeException.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBDecodeException.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..402d542f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBDecodeException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+class GPBDecodeException extends \Exception
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        $message,
+        $code = 0,
+        \Exception $previous = null)
+    {
+        parent::__construct(
+            "Error occurred during parsing: " . $message,
+            $code,
+            $previous);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBJsonWire.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBJsonWire.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43f4745dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBJsonWire.php
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+class GPBJsonWire
+{
+
+    public static function serializeFieldToStream(
+        $value,
+        $field,
+        &$output, $has_field_name = true)
+    {
+        if ($has_field_name) {
+            $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+            $field_name = GPBJsonWire::formatFieldName($field);
+            $output->writeRaw($field_name, strlen($field_name));
+            $output->writeRaw("\":", 2);
+        }
+        return static::serializeFieldValueToStream(
+            $value,
+            $field,
+            $output,
+            !$has_field_name);
+    }
+
+    public static function serializeFieldValueToStream(
+        $values,
+        $field,
+        &$output,
+        $is_well_known = false)
+    {
+        if ($field->isMap()) {
+            $output->writeRaw("{", 1);
+            $first = true;
+            $map_entry = $field->getMessageType();
+            $key_field = $map_entry->getFieldByNumber(1);
+            $value_field = $map_entry->getFieldByNumber(2);
+
+            switch ($key_field->getType()) {
+            case GPBType::STRING:
+            case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+            case GPBType::INT64:
+            case GPBType::SINT64:
+            case GPBType::FIXED64:
+            case GPBType::UINT64:
+                $additional_quote = false;
+                break;
+            default:
+                $additional_quote = true;
+            }
+
+            foreach ($values as $key => $value) {
+                if ($first) {
+                    $first = false;
+                } else {
+                    $output->writeRaw(",", 1);
+                }
+                if ($additional_quote) {
+                    $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+                }
+                if (!static::serializeSingularFieldValueToStream(
+                    $key,
+                    $key_field,
+                    $output,
+                    $is_well_known)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if ($additional_quote) {
+                    $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+                }
+                $output->writeRaw(":", 1);
+                if (!static::serializeSingularFieldValueToStream(
+                    $value,
+                    $value_field,
+                    $output,
+                    $is_well_known)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            $output->writeRaw("}", 1);
+            return true;
+        } elseif ($field->isRepeated()) {
+            $output->writeRaw("[", 1);
+            $first = true;
+            foreach ($values as $value) {
+                if ($first) {
+                    $first = false;
+                } else {
+                    $output->writeRaw(",", 1);
+                }
+                if (!static::serializeSingularFieldValueToStream(
+                    $value,
+                    $field,
+                    $output,
+                    $is_well_known)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            $output->writeRaw("]", 1);
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return static::serializeSingularFieldValueToStream(
+                $values,
+                $field,
+                $output,
+                $is_well_known);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static function serializeSingularFieldValueToStream(
+        $value,
+        $field,
+        &$output, $is_well_known = false)
+    {
+        switch ($field->getType()) {
+            case GPBType::SFIXED32:
+            case GPBType::SINT32:
+            case GPBType::INT32:
+                $str_value = strval($value);
+                $output->writeRaw($str_value, strlen($str_value));
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FIXED32:
+            case GPBType::UINT32:
+                if ($value < 0) {
+                    $value = bcadd($value, "4294967296");
+                }
+                $str_value = strval($value);
+                $output->writeRaw($str_value, strlen($str_value));
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FIXED64:
+            case GPBType::UINT64:
+                if ($value < 0) {
+                    $value = bcadd($value, "18446744073709551616");
+                }
+                // Intentional fall through.
+            case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+            case GPBType::INT64:
+            case GPBType::SINT64:
+                $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+                $str_value = strval($value);
+                $output->writeRaw($str_value, strlen($str_value));
+                $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FLOAT:
+                if (is_nan($value)) {
+                    $str_value = "\"NaN\"";
+                } elseif ($value === INF) {
+                    $str_value = "\"Infinity\"";
+                } elseif ($value === -INF) {
+                    $str_value = "\"-Infinity\"";
+                } else {
+                    $str_value = sprintf("%.8g", $value);
+                }
+                $output->writeRaw($str_value, strlen($str_value));
+                break;
+            case GPBType::DOUBLE:
+                if (is_nan($value)) {
+                    $str_value = "\"NaN\"";
+                } elseif ($value === INF) {
+                    $str_value = "\"Infinity\"";
+                } elseif ($value === -INF) {
+                    $str_value = "\"-Infinity\"";
+                } else {
+                    $str_value = sprintf("%.17g", $value);
+                }
+                $output->writeRaw($str_value, strlen($str_value));
+                break;
+            case GPBType::ENUM:
+                $enum_desc = $field->getEnumType();
+                if ($enum_desc->getClass() === "Google\Protobuf\NullValue") {
+                    $output->writeRaw("null", 4);
+                    break;
+                }
+                $enum_value_desc = $enum_desc->getValueByNumber($value);
+                if (!is_null($enum_value_desc)) {
+                    $str_value = $enum_value_desc->getName();
+                    $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+                    $output->writeRaw($str_value, strlen($str_value));
+                    $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+                } else {
+                    $str_value = strval($value);
+                    $output->writeRaw($str_value, strlen($str_value));
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::BOOL:
+                if ($value) {
+                    $output->writeRaw("true", 4);
+                } else {
+                    $output->writeRaw("false", 5);
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::BYTES:
+                $bytes_value = base64_encode($value);
+                $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+                $output->writeRaw($bytes_value, strlen($bytes_value));
+                $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::STRING:
+                $value = json_encode($value, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
+                $output->writeRaw($value, strlen($value));
+                break;
+            //    case GPBType::GROUP:
+            //      echo "GROUP\xA";
+            //      trigger_error("Not implemented.", E_ERROR);
+            //      break;
+            case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                $value->serializeToJsonStream($output);
+                break;
+            default:
+                user_error("Unsupported type.");
+                return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static function formatFieldName($field)
+    {
+        return $field->getJsonName();
+    }
+
+    // Used for escaping control chars in strings.
+    private static $k_control_char_limit = 0x20;
+
+    private static function jsonNiceEscape($c)
+    {
+      switch ($c) {
+          case '"':  return "\\\"";
+          case '\\': return "\\\\";
+          case '/': return "\\/";
+          case '\b': return "\\b";
+          case '\f': return "\\f";
+          case '\n': return "\\n";
+          case '\r': return "\\r";
+          case '\t': return "\\t";
+          default:   return NULL;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static function isJsonEscaped($c)
+    {
+        // See RFC 4627.
+        return $c < chr($k_control_char_limit) || $c === "\"" || $c === "\\";
+    }
+
+    public static function escapedJson($value)
+    {
+        $escaped_value = "";
+        $unescaped_run = "";
+        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($value); $i++) {
+            $c = $value[$i];
+            // Handle escaping.
+            if (static::isJsonEscaped($c)) {
+                // Use a "nice" escape, like \n, if one exists for this
+                // character.
+                $escape = static::jsonNiceEscape($c);
+                if (is_null($escape)) {
+                    $escape = "\\u00" . bin2hex($c);
+                }
+                if ($unescaped_run !== "") {
+                    $escaped_value .= $unescaped_run;
+                    $unescaped_run = "";
+                }
+                $escaped_value .= $escape;
+            } else {
+              if ($unescaped_run === "") {
+                $unescaped_run .= $c;
+              }
+            }
+        }
+        $escaped_value .= $unescaped_run;
+        return $escaped_value;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBLabel.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBLabel.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0fb238415
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBLabel.php
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+class GPBLabel
+{
+    const OPTIONAL = 1;
+    const REQUIRED = 2;
+    const REPEATED = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBType.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBType.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa849ceb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBType.php
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+class GPBType
+{
+    const DOUBLE   =  1;
+    const FLOAT    =  2;
+    const INT64    =  3;
+    const UINT64   =  4;
+    const INT32    =  5;
+    const FIXED64  =  6;
+    const FIXED32  =  7;
+    const BOOL     =  8;
+    const STRING   =  9;
+    const GROUP    = 10;
+    const MESSAGE  = 11;
+    const BYTES    = 12;
+    const UINT32   = 13;
+    const ENUM     = 14;
+    const SFIXED32 = 15;
+    const SFIXED64 = 16;
+    const SINT32   = 17;
+    const SINT64   = 18;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBUtil.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBUtil.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ec3ca229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBUtil.php
@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Duration;
+use Google\Protobuf\FieldMask;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\MapField;
+
+function camel2underscore($input) {
+    preg_match_all(
+        '!([A-Z][A-Z0-9]*(?=$|[A-Z][a-z0-9])|[A-Za-z][a-z0-9]+)!',
+        $input,
+        $matches);
+    $ret = $matches[0];
+    foreach ($ret as &$match) {
+        $match = $match == strtoupper($match) ? strtolower($match) : lcfirst($match);
+    }
+    return implode('_', $ret);
+}
+
+class GPBUtil
+{
+    const NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND = 1000000;
+    const NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND = 1000;
+    const TYPE_URL_PREFIX = 'type.googleapis.com/';
+
+    public static function divideInt64ToInt32($value, &$high, &$low, $trim = false)
+    {
+        $isNeg = (bccomp($value, 0) < 0);
+        if ($isNeg) {
+            $value = bcsub(0, $value);
+        }
+
+        $high = bcdiv($value, 4294967296);
+        $low = bcmod($value, 4294967296);
+        if (bccomp($high, 2147483647) > 0) {
+            $high = (int) bcsub($high, 4294967296);
+        } else {
+            $high = (int) $high;
+        }
+        if (bccomp($low, 2147483647) > 0) {
+            $low = (int) bcsub($low, 4294967296);
+        } else {
+            $low = (int) $low;
+        }
+
+        if ($isNeg) {
+            $high = ~$high;
+            $low = ~$low;
+            $low++;
+            if (!$low) {
+                $high = (int)($high + 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($trim) {
+            $high = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function checkString(&$var, $check_utf8)
+    {
+        if (is_array($var) || is_object($var)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException("Expect string.");
+        }
+        if (!is_string($var)) {
+            $var = strval($var);
+        }
+        if ($check_utf8 && !preg_match('//u', $var)) {
+            throw new \Exception("Expect utf-8 encoding.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function checkEnum(&$var)
+    {
+      static::checkInt32($var);
+    }
+
+    public static function checkInt32(&$var)
+    {
+        if (is_numeric($var)) {
+            $var = intval($var);
+        } else {
+            throw new \Exception("Expect integer.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function checkUint32(&$var)
+    {
+        if (is_numeric($var)) {
+            if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 8) {
+                $var = intval($var);
+                $var |= ((-(($var >> 31) & 0x1)) & ~0xFFFFFFFF);
+            } else {
+                if (bccomp($var, 0x7FFFFFFF) > 0) {
+                    $var = bcsub($var, "4294967296");
+                }
+                $var = (int) $var;
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw new \Exception("Expect integer.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function checkInt64(&$var)
+    {
+        if (is_numeric($var)) {
+            if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 8) {
+                $var = intval($var);
+            } else {
+                if (is_float($var) ||
+                    is_integer($var) ||
+                    (is_string($var) &&
+                         bccomp($var, "9223372036854774784") < 0)) {
+                    $var = number_format($var, 0, ".", "");
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw new \Exception("Expect integer.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function checkUint64(&$var)
+    {
+        if (is_numeric($var)) {
+            if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 8) {
+                $var = intval($var);
+            } else {
+                $var = number_format($var, 0, ".", "");
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw new \Exception("Expect integer.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function checkFloat(&$var)
+    {
+        if (is_float($var) || is_numeric($var)) {
+            $var = floatval($var);
+        } else {
+            throw new \Exception("Expect float.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function checkDouble(&$var)
+    {
+        if (is_float($var) || is_numeric($var)) {
+            $var = floatval($var);
+        } else {
+            throw new \Exception("Expect float.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function checkBool(&$var)
+    {
+        if (is_array($var) || is_object($var)) {
+            throw new \Exception("Expect boolean.");
+        }
+        $var = boolval($var);
+    }
+
+    public static function checkMessage(&$var, $klass, $newClass = null)
+    {
+        if (!$var instanceof $klass && !is_null($var)) {
+            throw new \Exception("Expect $klass.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function checkRepeatedField(&$var, $type, $klass = null)
+    {
+        if (!$var instanceof RepeatedField && !is_array($var)) {
+            throw new \Exception("Expect array.");
+        }
+        if (is_array($var)) {
+            $tmp = new RepeatedField($type, $klass);
+            foreach ($var as $value) {
+                $tmp[] = $value;
+            }
+            return $tmp;
+        } else {
+            if ($var->getType() != $type) {
+                throw new \Exception(
+                    "Expect repeated field of different type.");
+            }
+            if ($var->getType() === GPBType::MESSAGE &&
+                $var->getClass() !== $klass &&
+                $var->getLegacyClass() !== $klass) {
+                throw new \Exception(
+                    "Expect repeated field of " . $klass . ".");
+            }
+            return $var;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function checkMapField(&$var, $key_type, $value_type, $klass = null)
+    {
+        if (!$var instanceof MapField && !is_array($var)) {
+            throw new \Exception("Expect dict.");
+        }
+        if (is_array($var)) {
+            $tmp = new MapField($key_type, $value_type, $klass);
+            foreach ($var as $key => $value) {
+                $tmp[$key] = $value;
+            }
+            return $tmp;
+        } else {
+            if ($var->getKeyType() != $key_type) {
+                throw new \Exception("Expect map field of key type.");
+            }
+            if ($var->getValueType() != $value_type) {
+                throw new \Exception("Expect map field of value type.");
+            }
+            if ($var->getValueType() === GPBType::MESSAGE &&
+                $var->getValueClass() !== $klass &&
+                $var->getLegacyValueClass() !== $klass) {
+                throw new \Exception(
+                    "Expect map field of " . $klass . ".");
+            }
+            return $var;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function Int64($value)
+    {
+        return new Int64($value);
+    }
+
+    public static function Uint64($value)
+    {
+        return new Uint64($value);
+    }
+
+    public static function getClassNamePrefix(
+        $classname,
+        $file_proto)
+    {
+        $option = $file_proto->getOptions();
+        $prefix = is_null($option) ? "" : $option->getPhpClassPrefix();
+        if ($prefix !== "") {
+            return $prefix;
+        }
+
+        $reserved_words = array(
+            "abstract"=>0, "and"=>0, "array"=>0, "as"=>0, "break"=>0,
+            "callable"=>0, "case"=>0, "catch"=>0, "class"=>0, "clone"=>0,
+            "const"=>0, "continue"=>0, "declare"=>0, "default"=>0, "die"=>0,
+            "do"=>0, "echo"=>0, "else"=>0, "elseif"=>0, "empty"=>0,
+            "enddeclare"=>0, "endfor"=>0, "endforeach"=>0, "endif"=>0,
+            "endswitch"=>0, "endwhile"=>0, "eval"=>0, "exit"=>0, "extends"=>0,
+            "final"=>0, "for"=>0, "foreach"=>0, "function"=>0, "global"=>0,
+            "goto"=>0, "if"=>0, "implements"=>0, "include"=>0,
+            "include_once"=>0, "instanceof"=>0, "insteadof"=>0, "interface"=>0,
+            "isset"=>0, "list"=>0, "namespace"=>0, "new"=>0, "or"=>0,
+            "print"=>0, "private"=>0, "protected"=>0, "public"=>0, "require"=>0,
+            "require_once"=>0, "return"=>0, "static"=>0, "switch"=>0,
+            "throw"=>0, "trait"=>0, "try"=>0, "unset"=>0, "use"=>0, "var"=>0,
+            "while"=>0, "xor"=>0, "int"=>0, "float"=>0, "bool"=>0, "string"=>0,
+            "true"=>0, "false"=>0, "null"=>0, "void"=>0, "iterable"=>0
+        );
+
+        if (array_key_exists(strtolower($classname), $reserved_words)) {
+            if ($file_proto->getPackage() === "google.protobuf") {
+                return "GPB";
+            } else {
+                return "PB";
+            }
+        }
+
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    public static function getLegacyClassNameWithoutPackage(
+        $name,
+        $file_proto)
+    {
+        $classname = implode('_', explode('.', $name));
+        return static::getClassNamePrefix($classname, $file_proto) . $classname;
+    }
+
+    public static function getClassNameWithoutPackage(
+        $name,
+        $file_proto)
+    {
+        $parts = explode('.', $name);
+        foreach ($parts as $i => $part) {
+            $parts[$i] = static::getClassNamePrefix($parts[$i], $file_proto) . $parts[$i];
+        }
+        return implode('\\', $parts);
+    }
+
+    public static function getFullClassName(
+        $proto,
+        $containing,
+        $file_proto,
+        &$message_name_without_package,
+        &$classname,
+        &$legacy_classname,
+        &$fullname)
+    {
+        // Full name needs to start with '.'.
+        $message_name_without_package = $proto->getName();
+        if ($containing !== "") {
+            $message_name_without_package =
+                $containing . "." . $message_name_without_package;
+        }
+
+        $package = $file_proto->getPackage();
+        if ($package === "") {
+            $fullname = "." . $message_name_without_package;
+        } else {
+            $fullname = "." . $package . "." . $message_name_without_package;
+        }
+
+        $class_name_without_package =
+            static::getClassNameWithoutPackage($message_name_without_package, $file_proto);
+        $legacy_class_name_without_package =
+            static::getLegacyClassNameWithoutPackage(
+                $message_name_without_package, $file_proto);
+
+        $option = $file_proto->getOptions();
+        if (!is_null($option) && $option->hasPhpNamespace()) {
+            $namespace = $option->getPhpNamespace();
+            if ($namespace !== "") {
+                $classname = $namespace . "\\" . $class_name_without_package;
+                $legacy_classname =
+                    $namespace . "\\" . $legacy_class_name_without_package;
+                return;
+            } else {
+                $classname = $class_name_without_package;
+                $legacy_classname = $legacy_class_name_without_package;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($package === "") {
+            $classname = $class_name_without_package;
+            $legacy_classname = $legacy_class_name_without_package;
+        } else {
+            $parts = array_map('ucwords', explode('.', $package));
+            foreach ($parts as $i => $part) {
+                $parts[$i] = self::getClassNamePrefix($part, $file_proto).$part;
+            }
+            $classname =
+                implode('\\', $parts) .
+                "\\".self::getClassNamePrefix($class_name_without_package,$file_proto).
+                $class_name_without_package;
+            $legacy_classname =
+                implode('\\', array_map('ucwords', explode('.', $package))).
+                "\\".$legacy_class_name_without_package;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function combineInt32ToInt64($high, $low)
+    {
+        $isNeg = $high < 0;
+        if ($isNeg) {
+            $high = ~$high;
+            $low = ~$low;
+            $low++;
+            if (!$low) {
+                $high = (int) ($high + 1);
+            }
+        }
+        $result = bcadd(bcmul($high, 4294967296), $low);
+        if ($low < 0) {
+            $result = bcadd($result, 4294967296);
+        }
+        if ($isNeg) {
+          $result = bcsub(0, $result);
+        }
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    public static function parseTimestamp($timestamp)
+    {
+        // prevent parsing timestamps containing with the non-existant year "0000"
+        // DateTime::createFromFormat parses without failing but as a nonsensical date
+        if (substr($timestamp, 0, 4) === "0000") {
+            throw new \Exception("Year cannot be zero.");
+        }
+        // prevent parsing timestamps ending with a lowercase z
+        if (substr($timestamp, -1, 1) === "z") {
+            throw new \Exception("Timezone cannot be a lowercase z.");
+        }
+
+        $nanoseconds = 0;
+        $periodIndex = strpos($timestamp, ".");
+        if ($periodIndex !== false) {
+            $nanosecondsLength = 0;
+            // find the next non-numeric character in the timestamp to calculate
+            // the length of the nanoseconds text
+            for ($i = $periodIndex + 1, $length = strlen($timestamp); $i < $length; $i++) {
+                if (!is_numeric($timestamp[$i])) {
+                    $nanosecondsLength = $i - ($periodIndex + 1);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if ($nanosecondsLength % 3 !== 0) {
+                throw new \Exception("Nanoseconds must be disible by 3.");
+            }
+            if ($nanosecondsLength > 9) {
+                throw new \Exception("Nanoseconds must be in the range of 0 to 999,999,999 nanoseconds.");
+            }
+            if ($nanosecondsLength > 0) {
+                $nanoseconds = substr($timestamp, $periodIndex + 1, $nanosecondsLength);
+                $nanoseconds = intval($nanoseconds);
+
+                // remove the nanoseconds and preceding period from the timestamp
+                $date = substr($timestamp, 0, $periodIndex);
+                $timezone = substr($timestamp, $periodIndex + $nanosecondsLength + 1);
+                $timestamp = $date.$timezone;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $date = \DateTime::createFromFormat(\DateTime::RFC3339, $timestamp, new \DateTimeZone("UTC"));
+        if ($date === false) {
+            throw new \Exception("Invalid RFC 3339 timestamp.");
+        }
+
+        $value = new \Google\Protobuf\Timestamp();
+        $seconds = $date->format("U");
+        $value->setSeconds($seconds);
+        $value->setNanos($nanoseconds);
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    public static function formatTimestamp($value)
+    {
+        if (bccomp($value->getSeconds(), "253402300800") != -1) {
+          throw new GPBDecodeException("Duration number too large.");
+        }
+        if (bccomp($value->getSeconds(), "-62135596801") != 1) {
+          throw new GPBDecodeException("Duration number too small.");
+        }
+        $nanoseconds = static::getNanosecondsForTimestamp($value->getNanos());
+        if (!empty($nanoseconds)) {
+            $nanoseconds = ".".$nanoseconds;
+        }
+        $date = new \DateTime('@'.$value->getSeconds(), new \DateTimeZone("UTC"));
+        return $date->format("Y-m-d\TH:i:s".$nanoseconds."\Z");
+    }
+
+    public static function parseDuration($value)
+    {
+        if (strlen($value) < 2 || substr($value, -1) !== "s") {
+          throw new GPBDecodeException("Missing s after duration string");
+        }
+        $number = substr($value, 0, -1);
+        if (bccomp($number, "315576000001") != -1) {
+          throw new GPBDecodeException("Duration number too large.");
+        }
+        if (bccomp($number, "-315576000001") != 1) {
+          throw new GPBDecodeException("Duration number too small.");
+        }
+        $pos = strrpos($number, ".");
+        if ($pos !== false) {
+            $seconds = substr($number, 0, $pos);
+            if (bccomp($seconds, 0) < 0) {
+                $nanos = bcmul("0" . substr($number, $pos), -1000000000);
+            } else {
+                $nanos = bcmul("0" . substr($number, $pos), 1000000000);
+            }
+        } else {
+            $seconds = $number;
+            $nanos = 0;
+        }
+        $duration = new Duration();
+        $duration->setSeconds($seconds);
+        $duration->setNanos($nanos);
+        return $duration;
+    }
+
+    public static function formatDuration($value)
+    {
+        if (bccomp($value->getSeconds(), '315576000001') != -1) {
+            throw new GPBDecodeException('Duration number too large.');
+        }
+        if (bccomp($value->getSeconds(), '-315576000001') != 1) {
+            throw new GPBDecodeException('Duration number too small.');
+        }
+
+        $nanos = $value->getNanos();
+        if ($nanos === 0) {
+            return (string) $value->getSeconds();
+        }
+
+        if ($nanos % 1000000 === 0) {
+            $digits = 3;
+        } elseif ($nanos % 1000 === 0) {
+            $digits = 6;
+        } else {
+            $digits = 9;
+        }
+
+        $nanos = bcdiv($nanos, '1000000000', $digits);
+        return bcadd($value->getSeconds(), $nanos, $digits);
+    }
+
+    public static function parseFieldMask($paths_string)
+    {
+        $field_mask = new FieldMask();
+        if (strlen($paths_string) === 0) {
+            return $field_mask;
+        }
+        $path_strings = explode(",", $paths_string);
+        $paths = $field_mask->getPaths();
+        foreach($path_strings as &$path_string) {
+            $field_strings = explode(".", $path_string);
+            foreach($field_strings as &$field_string) {
+                $field_string = camel2underscore($field_string);
+            }
+            $path_string = implode(".", $field_strings);
+            $paths[] = $path_string;
+        }
+        return $field_mask;
+    }
+
+    public static function formatFieldMask($field_mask)
+    {
+        $converted_paths = [];
+        foreach($field_mask->getPaths() as $path) {
+            $fields = explode('.', $path);
+            $converted_path = [];
+            foreach ($fields as $field) {
+                $segments = explode('_', $field);
+                $start = true;
+                $converted_segments = "";
+                foreach($segments as $segment) {
+                  if (!$start) {
+                    $converted = ucfirst($segment);
+                  } else {
+                    $converted = $segment;
+                    $start = false;
+                  }
+                  $converted_segments .= $converted;
+                }
+                $converted_path []= $converted_segments;
+            }
+            $converted_path = implode(".", $converted_path);
+            $converted_paths []= $converted_path;
+        }
+        return implode(",", $converted_paths);
+    }
+
+    public static function getNanosecondsForTimestamp($nanoseconds)
+    {
+        if ($nanoseconds == 0) {
+            return '';
+        }
+        if ($nanoseconds % static::NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND == 0) {
+            return sprintf('%03d', $nanoseconds / static::NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND);
+        }
+        if ($nanoseconds % static::NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND == 0) {
+            return sprintf('%06d', $nanoseconds / static::NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND);
+        }
+        return sprintf('%09d', $nanoseconds);
+    }
+
+    public static function hasSpecialJsonMapping($msg)
+    {
+        return is_a($msg, 'Google\Protobuf\Any')         ||
+               is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\ListValue")   ||
+               is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\Struct")      ||
+               is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\Value")       ||
+               is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\Duration")    ||
+               is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\Timestamp")   ||
+               is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\FieldMask")   ||
+               static::hasJsonValue($msg);
+    }
+
+    public static function hasJsonValue($msg)
+    {
+        return is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\DoubleValue") ||
+               is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\FloatValue")  ||
+               is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\Int64Value")  ||
+               is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\UInt64Value") ||
+               is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\Int32Value")  ||
+               is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\UInt32Value") ||
+               is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\BoolValue")   ||
+               is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\StringValue") ||
+               is_a($msg, "Google\Protobuf\BytesValue");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBWire.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBWire.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f1eab3c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBWire.php
@@ -0,0 +1,622 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+class GPBWire
+{
+
+    const TAG_TYPE_BITS = 3;
+
+    const WIRETYPE_VARINT  = 0;
+    const WIRETYPE_FIXED64 = 1;
+    const WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED = 2;
+    const WIRETYPE_START_GROUP = 3;
+    const WIRETYPE_END_GROUP = 4;
+    const WIRETYPE_FIXED32 = 5;
+
+    const UNKNOWN = 0;
+    const NORMAL_FORMAT = 1;
+    const PACKED_FORMAT = 2;
+
+    public static function getTagFieldNumber($tag)
+    {
+        return ($tag >> self::TAG_TYPE_BITS) &
+            (1 << ((PHP_INT_SIZE * 8) - self::TAG_TYPE_BITS)) - 1;
+    }
+
+    public static function getTagWireType($tag)
+    {
+        return $tag & 0x7;
+    }
+
+    public static function getWireType($type)
+    {
+        switch ($type) {
+            case GPBType::FLOAT:
+            case GPBType::FIXED32:
+            case GPBType::SFIXED32:
+                return self::WIRETYPE_FIXED32;
+            case GPBType::DOUBLE:
+            case GPBType::FIXED64:
+            case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+                return self::WIRETYPE_FIXED64;
+            case GPBType::UINT32:
+            case GPBType::UINT64:
+            case GPBType::INT32:
+            case GPBType::INT64:
+            case GPBType::SINT32:
+            case GPBType::SINT64:
+            case GPBType::ENUM:
+            case GPBType::BOOL:
+                return self::WIRETYPE_VARINT;
+            case GPBType::STRING:
+            case GPBType::BYTES:
+            case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                return self::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED;
+            case GPBType::GROUP:
+                user_error("Unsupported type.");
+                return 0;
+            default:
+                user_error("Unsupported type.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+  // ZigZag Transform:  Encodes signed integers so that they can be effectively
+  // used with varint encoding.
+  //
+  // varint operates on unsigned integers, encoding smaller numbers into fewer
+  // bytes.  If you try to use it on a signed integer, it will treat this
+  // number as a very large unsigned integer, which means that even small
+  // signed numbers like -1 will take the maximum number of bytes (10) to
+  // encode.  zigZagEncode() maps signed integers to unsigned in such a way
+  // that those with a small absolute value will have smaller encoded values,
+  // making them appropriate for encoding using varint.
+  //
+  // int32 ->     uint32
+  // -------------------------
+  //           0 ->          0
+  //          -1 ->          1
+  //           1 ->          2
+  //          -2 ->          3
+  //         ... ->        ...
+  //  2147483647 -> 4294967294
+  // -2147483648 -> 4294967295
+  //
+  //        >> encode >>
+  //        << decode <<
+  public static function zigZagEncode32($int32)
+  {
+      if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 8) {
+          $trim_int32 = $int32 & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+          return (($trim_int32 << 1) ^ ($int32 << 32 >> 63)) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+      } else {
+          return ($int32 << 1) ^ ($int32 >> 31);
+      }
+  }
+
+    public static function zigZagDecode32($uint32)
+    {
+        // Fill high 32 bits.
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 8) {
+            $uint32 |= ($uint32 & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+        }
+
+        $int32 = (($uint32 >> 1) & 0x7FFFFFFF) ^ (-($uint32 & 1));
+
+        return $int32;
+    }
+
+    public static function zigZagEncode64($int64)
+    {
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            if (bccomp($int64, 0) >= 0) {
+                return bcmul($int64, 2);
+            } else {
+                return bcsub(bcmul(bcsub(0, $int64), 2), 1);
+            }
+        } else {
+            return ($int64 << 1) ^ ($int64 >> 63);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function zigZagDecode64($uint64)
+    {
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            if (bcmod($uint64, 2) == 0) {
+                return bcdiv($uint64, 2, 0);
+            } else {
+                return bcsub(0, bcdiv(bcadd($uint64, 1), 2, 0));
+            }
+        } else {
+            return (($uint64 >> 1) & 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) ^ (-($uint64 & 1));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function readInt32(&$input, &$value)
+    {
+        return $input->readVarint32($value);
+    }
+
+    public static function readInt64(&$input, &$value)
+    {
+        $success = $input->readVarint64($value);
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4 && bccomp($value, "9223372036854775807") > 0) {
+            $value = bcsub($value, "18446744073709551616");
+        }
+        return $success;
+    }
+
+    public static function readUint32(&$input, &$value)
+    {
+        return self::readInt32($input, $value);
+    }
+
+    public static function readUint64(&$input, &$value)
+    {
+        return self::readInt64($input, $value);
+    }
+
+    public static function readSint32(&$input, &$value)
+    {
+        if (!$input->readVarint32($value)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $value = GPBWire::zigZagDecode32($value);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static function readSint64(&$input, &$value)
+    {
+        if (!$input->readVarint64($value)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $value = GPBWire::zigZagDecode64($value);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static function readFixed32(&$input, &$value)
+    {
+        return $input->readLittleEndian32($value);
+    }
+
+    public static function readFixed64(&$input, &$value)
+    {
+        return $input->readLittleEndian64($value);
+    }
+
+    public static function readSfixed32(&$input, &$value)
+    {
+        if (!self::readFixed32($input, $value)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 8) {
+            $value |= (-($value >> 31) << 32);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static function readSfixed64(&$input, &$value)
+    {
+        $success = $input->readLittleEndian64($value);
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4 && bccomp($value, "9223372036854775807") > 0) {
+            $value = bcsub($value, "18446744073709551616");
+        }
+        return $success;
+    }
+
+    public static function readFloat(&$input, &$value)
+    {
+        $data = null;
+        if (!$input->readRaw(4, $data)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $value = unpack('f', $data)[1];
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static function readDouble(&$input, &$value)
+    {
+        $data = null;
+        if (!$input->readRaw(8, $data)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $value = unpack('d', $data)[1];
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static function readBool(&$input, &$value)
+    {
+        if (!$input->readVarint64($value)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if ($value == 0) {
+            $value = false;
+        } else {
+            $value = true;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static function readString(&$input, &$value)
+    {
+        $length = 0;
+        return $input->readVarintSizeAsInt($length) && $input->readRaw($length, $value);
+    }
+
+    public static function readMessage(&$input, &$message)
+    {
+        $length = 0;
+        if (!$input->readVarintSizeAsInt($length)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $old_limit = 0;
+        $recursion_limit = 0;
+        $input->incrementRecursionDepthAndPushLimit(
+            $length,
+            $old_limit,
+            $recursion_limit);
+        if ($recursion_limit < 0 || !$message->parseFromStream($input)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return $input->decrementRecursionDepthAndPopLimit($old_limit);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeTag(&$output, $tag)
+    {
+        return $output->writeTag($tag);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeInt32(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        return $output->writeVarint32($value, false);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeInt64(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        return $output->writeVarint64($value);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeUint32(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        return $output->writeVarint32($value, true);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeUint64(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        return $output->writeVarint64($value);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeSint32(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        $value = GPBWire::zigZagEncode32($value);
+        return $output->writeVarint32($value, true);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeSint64(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        $value = GPBWire::zigZagEncode64($value);
+        return $output->writeVarint64($value);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeFixed32(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        return $output->writeLittleEndian32($value);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeFixed64(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        return $output->writeLittleEndian64($value);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeSfixed32(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        return $output->writeLittleEndian32($value);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeSfixed64(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        return $output->writeLittleEndian64($value);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeBool(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        if ($value) {
+            return $output->writeVarint32(1, true);
+        } else {
+            return $output->writeVarint32(0, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function writeFloat(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        $data = pack("f", $value);
+        return $output->writeRaw($data, 4);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeDouble(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        $data = pack("d", $value);
+        return $output->writeRaw($data, 8);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeString(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        return self::writeBytes($output, $value);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeBytes(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        $size = strlen($value);
+        if (!$output->writeVarint32($size, true)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return $output->writeRaw($value, $size);
+    }
+
+    public static function writeMessage(&$output, $value)
+    {
+        $size = $value->byteSize();
+        if (!$output->writeVarint32($size, true)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return $value->serializeToStream($output);
+    }
+
+    public static function makeTag($number, $type)
+    {
+        return ($number << 3) | self::getWireType($type);
+    }
+
+    public static function tagSize($field)
+    {
+        $tag = self::makeTag($field->getNumber(), $field->getType());
+        return self::varint32Size($tag);
+    }
+
+    public static function varint32Size($value, $sign_extended = false)
+    {
+        if ($value < 0) {
+            if ($sign_extended) {
+                return 10;
+            } else {
+                return 5;
+            }
+        }
+        if ($value < (1 <<  7)) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if ($value < (1 << 14)) {
+            return 2;
+        }
+        if ($value < (1 << 21)) {
+            return 3;
+        }
+        if ($value < (1 << 28)) {
+            return 4;
+        }
+        return 5;
+    }
+
+    public static function sint32Size($value)
+    {
+        $value = self::zigZagEncode32($value);
+        return self::varint32Size($value);
+    }
+
+    public static function sint64Size($value)
+    {
+        $value = self::zigZagEncode64($value);
+        return self::varint64Size($value);
+    }
+
+    public static function varint64Size($value)
+    {
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            if (bccomp($value, 0) < 0 ||
+                bccomp($value, "9223372036854775807") > 0) {
+                return 10;
+            }
+            if (bccomp($value, 1 << 7) < 0) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+            if (bccomp($value, 1 << 14) < 0) {
+                return 2;
+            }
+            if (bccomp($value, 1 << 21) < 0) {
+                return 3;
+            }
+            if (bccomp($value, 1 << 28) < 0) {
+                return 4;
+            }
+            if (bccomp($value, '34359738368') < 0) {
+                return 5;
+            }
+            if (bccomp($value, '4398046511104') < 0) {
+                return 6;
+            }
+            if (bccomp($value, '562949953421312') < 0) {
+                return 7;
+            }
+            if (bccomp($value, '72057594037927936') < 0) {
+                return 8;
+            }
+            return 9;
+        } else {
+            if ($value < 0) {
+                return 10;
+            }
+            if ($value < (1 <<  7)) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+            if ($value < (1 << 14)) {
+                return 2;
+            }
+            if ($value < (1 << 21)) {
+                return 3;
+            }
+            if ($value < (1 << 28)) {
+                return 4;
+            }
+            if ($value < (1 << 35)) {
+                return 5;
+            }
+            if ($value < (1 << 42)) {
+                return 6;
+            }
+            if ($value < (1 << 49)) {
+                return 7;
+            }
+            if ($value < (1 << 56)) {
+                return 8;
+            }
+            return 9;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function serializeFieldToStream(
+        $value,
+        $field,
+        $need_tag,
+        &$output)
+    {
+        if ($need_tag) {
+            if (!GPBWire::writeTag(
+                $output,
+                self::makeTag(
+                    $field->getNumber(),
+                    $field->getType()))) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        switch ($field->getType()) {
+            case GPBType::DOUBLE:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeDouble($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FLOAT:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeFloat($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::INT64:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeInt64($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::UINT64:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeUint64($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::INT32:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeInt32($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FIXED32:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeFixed32($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FIXED64:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeFixed64($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::BOOL:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeBool($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::STRING:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeString($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            //    case GPBType::GROUP:
+            //      echo "GROUP\xA";
+            //      trigger_error("Not implemented.", E_ERROR);
+            //      break;
+            case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeMessage($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::BYTES:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeBytes($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::UINT32:
+                if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 8 && $value < 0) {
+                    $value += 4294967296;
+                }
+                if (!GPBWire::writeUint32($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::ENUM:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeInt32($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::SFIXED32:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeSfixed32($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeSfixed64($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::SINT32:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeSint32($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::SINT64:
+                if (!GPBWire::writeSint64($output, $value)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                user_error("Unsupported type.");
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBWireType.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBWireType.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1ad370e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GPBWireType.php
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+class GPBWireType
+{
+    const VARINT           = 0;
+    const FIXED64          = 1;
+    const LENGTH_DELIMITED = 2;
+    const START_GROUP      = 3;
+    const END_GROUP        = 4;
+    const FIXED32          = 5;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GeneratedCodeInfo.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GeneratedCodeInfo.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5a65bea4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GeneratedCodeInfo.php
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Describes the relationship between generated code and its original source
+ * file. A GeneratedCodeInfo message is associated with only one generated
+ * source file, but may contain references to different source .proto files.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo</code>
+ */
+class GeneratedCodeInfo extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * An Annotation connects some span of text in generated code to an element
+     * of its generating .proto file.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation annotation = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $annotation;
+    private $has_annotation = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GeneratedCodeInfo\Annotation[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $annotation
+     *           An Annotation connects some span of text in generated code to an element
+     *           of its generating .proto file.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An Annotation connects some span of text in generated code to an element
+     * of its generating .proto file.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation annotation = 1;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getAnnotation()
+    {
+        return $this->annotation;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An Annotation connects some span of text in generated code to an element
+     * of its generating .proto file.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation annotation = 1;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GeneratedCodeInfo\Annotation[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setAnnotation($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GeneratedCodeInfo\Annotation::class);
+        $this->annotation = $arr;
+        $this->has_annotation = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasAnnotation()
+    {
+        return $this->has_annotation;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GeneratedCodeInfo/Annotation.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GeneratedCodeInfo/Annotation.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..369fea489
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GeneratedCodeInfo/Annotation.php
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal\GeneratedCodeInfo;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation</code>
+ */
+class Annotation extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Identifies the element in the original source .proto file. This field
+     * is formatted the same as SourceCodeInfo.Location.path.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];</code>
+     */
+    private $path;
+    private $has_path = false;
+    /**
+     * Identifies the filesystem path to the original source .proto.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string source_file = 2;</code>
+     */
+    protected $source_file = '';
+    private $has_source_file = false;
+    /**
+     * Identifies the starting offset in bytes in the generated code
+     * that relates to the identified object.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 begin = 3;</code>
+     */
+    protected $begin = 0;
+    private $has_begin = false;
+    /**
+     * Identifies the ending offset in bytes in the generated code that
+     * relates to the identified offset. The end offset should be one past
+     * the last relevant byte (so the length of the text = end - begin).
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 end = 4;</code>
+     */
+    protected $end = 0;
+    private $has_end = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type int[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $path
+     *           Identifies the element in the original source .proto file. This field
+     *           is formatted the same as SourceCodeInfo.Location.path.
+     *     @type string $source_file
+     *           Identifies the filesystem path to the original source .proto.
+     *     @type int $begin
+     *           Identifies the starting offset in bytes in the generated code
+     *           that relates to the identified object.
+     *     @type int $end
+     *           Identifies the ending offset in bytes in the generated code that
+     *           relates to the identified offset. The end offset should be one past
+     *           the last relevant byte (so the length of the text = end - begin).
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies the element in the original source .proto file. This field
+     * is formatted the same as SourceCodeInfo.Location.path.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getPath()
+    {
+        return $this->path;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies the element in the original source .proto file. This field
+     * is formatted the same as SourceCodeInfo.Location.path.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];</code>
+     * @param int[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setPath($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::INT32);
+        $this->path = $arr;
+        $this->has_path = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasPath()
+    {
+        return $this->has_path;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies the filesystem path to the original source .proto.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string source_file = 2;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getSourceFile()
+    {
+        return $this->source_file;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies the filesystem path to the original source .proto.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string source_file = 2;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setSourceFile($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->source_file = $var;
+        $this->has_source_file = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasSourceFile()
+    {
+        return $this->has_source_file;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies the starting offset in bytes in the generated code
+     * that relates to the identified object.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 begin = 3;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getBegin()
+    {
+        return $this->begin;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies the starting offset in bytes in the generated code
+     * that relates to the identified object.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 begin = 3;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setBegin($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->begin = $var;
+        $this->has_begin = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasBegin()
+    {
+        return $this->has_begin;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies the ending offset in bytes in the generated code that
+     * relates to the identified offset. The end offset should be one past
+     * the last relevant byte (so the length of the text = end - begin).
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 end = 4;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getEnd()
+    {
+        return $this->end;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies the ending offset in bytes in the generated code that
+     * relates to the identified offset. The end offset should be one past
+     * the last relevant byte (so the length of the text = end - begin).
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int32 end = 4;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setEnd($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->end = $var;
+        $this->has_end = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasEnd()
+    {
+        return $this->has_end;
+    }
+
+}
+
+// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
+class_alias(Annotation::class, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::class);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e36f1e573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+if (false) {
+    /**
+     * This class is deprecated. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GeneratedCodeInfo\Annotation instead.
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    class GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation {}
+}
+class_exists(GeneratedCodeInfo\Annotation::class);
+@trigger_error('Google\Protobuf\Internal\GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation is deprecated and will be removed in the next major release. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GeneratedCodeInfo\Annotation instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GetPublicDescriptorTrait.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GetPublicDescriptorTrait.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d22bc305b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/GetPublicDescriptorTrait.php
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+trait GetPublicDescriptorTrait
+{
+    private function getPublicDescriptor($desc)
+    {
+        return is_null($desc) ? null : $desc->getPublicDescriptor();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/HasPublicDescriptorTrait.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/HasPublicDescriptorTrait.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed5d1660b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/HasPublicDescriptorTrait.php
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+trait HasPublicDescriptorTrait
+{
+    private $public_desc;
+
+    public function getPublicDescriptor()
+    {
+        return $this->public_desc;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MapEntry.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MapEntry.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e89481f0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MapEntry.php
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message;
+
+class MapEntry extends Message
+{
+    public $key;
+    public $value;
+
+    public function __construct($desc) {
+        parent::__construct($desc);
+        // For MapEntry, getValue should always return a valid value. Thus, we
+        // need to create a default instance value if the value type is
+        // message, in case no value is provided in data.
+        $value_field = $desc->getFieldByNumber(2);
+        if ($value_field->getType() == GPBType::MESSAGE) {
+            $klass = $value_field->getMessageType()->getClass();
+            $value = new $klass;
+            $this->setValue($value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function setKey($key) {
+      $this->key = $key;
+    }
+
+    public function getKey() {
+      return $this->key;
+    }
+
+    public function setValue($value) {
+      $this->value = $value;
+    }
+
+    public function getValue() {
+      return $this->value;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MapField.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MapField.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c66aa0c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MapField.php
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * MapField and MapFieldIter are used by generated protocol message classes to
+ * manipulate map fields.
+ */
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+/**
+ * MapField is used by generated protocol message classes to manipulate map
+ * fields. It can be used like native PHP array.
+ */
+class MapField implements \ArrayAccess, \IteratorAggregate, \Countable
+{
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private $container;
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private $key_type;
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private $value_type;
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private $klass;
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private $legacy_klass;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance of MapField.
+     *
+     * @param long $key_type Type of the stored key element.
+     * @param long $value_type Type of the stored value element.
+     * @param string $klass Message/Enum class name of value instance
+     * (message/enum fields only).
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function __construct($key_type, $value_type, $klass = null)
+    {
+        $this->container = [];
+        $this->key_type = $key_type;
+        $this->value_type = $value_type;
+        $this->klass = $klass;
+
+        if ($this->value_type == GPBType::MESSAGE) {
+            $pool = DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+            $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName($klass);
+            if ($desc == NULL) {
+                new $klass;  // No msg class instance has been created before.
+                $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName($klass);
+            }
+            $this->klass = $desc->getClass();
+            $this->legacy_klass = $desc->getLegacyClass();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function getKeyType()
+    {
+        return $this->key_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function getValueType()
+    {
+        return $this->value_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function getValueClass()
+    {
+        return $this->klass;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function getLegacyValueClass()
+    {
+        return $this->legacy_klass;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the element at the given key.
+     *
+     * This will also be called for: $ele = $arr[$key]
+     *
+     * @param object $key The key of the element to be fetched.
+     * @return object The stored element at given key.
+     * @throws \ErrorException Invalid type for index.
+     * @throws \ErrorException Non-existing index.
+     */
+    public function offsetGet($key)
+    {
+        return $this->container[$key];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assign the element at the given key.
+     *
+     * This will also be called for: $arr[$key] = $value
+     *
+     * @param object $key The key of the element to be fetched.
+     * @param object $value The element to be assigned.
+     * @return void
+     * @throws \ErrorException Invalid type for key.
+     * @throws \ErrorException Invalid type for value.
+     * @throws \ErrorException Non-existing key.
+     */
+    public function offsetSet($key, $value)
+    {
+        $this->checkKey($this->key_type, $key);
+
+        switch ($this->value_type) {
+            case GPBType::SFIXED32:
+            case GPBType::SINT32:
+            case GPBType::INT32:
+            case GPBType::ENUM:
+                GPBUtil::checkInt32($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FIXED32:
+            case GPBType::UINT32:
+                GPBUtil::checkUint32($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+            case GPBType::SINT64:
+            case GPBType::INT64:
+                GPBUtil::checkInt64($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FIXED64:
+            case GPBType::UINT64:
+                GPBUtil::checkUint64($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FLOAT:
+                GPBUtil::checkFloat($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::DOUBLE:
+                GPBUtil::checkDouble($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::BOOL:
+                GPBUtil::checkBool($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::STRING:
+                GPBUtil::checkString($value, true);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                if (is_null($value)) {
+                  trigger_error("Map element cannot be null.", E_USER_ERROR);
+                }
+                GPBUtil::checkMessage($value, $this->klass);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        $this->container[$key] = $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove the element at the given key.
+     *
+     * This will also be called for: unset($arr)
+     *
+     * @param object $key The key of the element to be removed.
+     * @return void
+     * @throws \ErrorException Invalid type for key.
+     */
+    public function offsetUnset($key)
+    {
+        $this->checkKey($this->key_type, $key);
+        unset($this->container[$key]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check the existence of the element at the given key.
+     *
+     * This will also be called for: isset($arr)
+     *
+     * @param object $key The key of the element to be removed.
+     * @return bool True if the element at the given key exists.
+     * @throws \ErrorException Invalid type for key.
+     */
+    public function offsetExists($key)
+    {
+        $this->checkKey($this->key_type, $key);
+        return isset($this->container[$key]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function getIterator()
+    {
+        return new MapFieldIter($this->container, $this->key_type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the number of stored elements.
+     *
+     * This will also be called for: count($arr)
+     *
+     * @return integer The number of stored elements.
+     */
+    public function count()
+    {
+        return count($this->container);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function checkKey($key_type, &$key)
+    {
+        switch ($key_type) {
+            case GPBType::SFIXED32:
+            case GPBType::SINT32:
+            case GPBType::INT32:
+                GPBUtil::checkInt32($key);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FIXED32:
+            case GPBType::UINT32:
+                GPBUtil::checkUint32($key);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+            case GPBType::SINT64:
+            case GPBType::INT64:
+                GPBUtil::checkInt64($key);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FIXED64:
+            case GPBType::UINT64:
+                GPBUtil::checkUint64($key);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::BOOL:
+                GPBUtil::checkBool($key);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::STRING:
+                GPBUtil::checkString($key, true);
+                break;
+            default:
+                trigger_error(
+                    "Given type cannot be map key.",
+                    E_USER_ERROR);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MapFieldIter.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MapFieldIter.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e18005ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MapFieldIter.php
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * MapField and MapFieldIter are used by generated protocol message classes to
+ * manipulate map fields.
+ */
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+/**
+ * MapFieldIter is used to iterate MapField. It is also need for the foreach
+ * syntax.
+ */
+class MapFieldIter implements \Iterator
+{
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private $container;
+
+    /**
+     * Create iterator instance for MapField.
+     *
+     * @param MapField The MapField instance for which this iterator is
+     * created.
+     * @param GPBType Map key type.
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function __construct($container, $key_type)
+    {
+        $this->container = $container;
+        $this->key_type = $key_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset the status of the iterator
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function rewind()
+    {
+        return reset($this->container);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the element at the current position.
+     *
+     * @return object The element at the current position.
+     */
+    public function current()
+    {
+        return current($this->container);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the current key.
+     *
+     * @return object The current key.
+     */
+    public function key()
+    {
+        $key = key($this->container);
+        switch ($this->key_type) {
+            case GPBType::INT64:
+            case GPBType::UINT64:
+            case GPBType::FIXED64:
+            case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+            case GPBType::SINT64:
+                if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 8) {
+                    return $key;
+                }
+                // Intentionally fall through
+            case GPBType::STRING:
+                // PHP associative array stores int string as int for key.
+                return strval($key);
+            case GPBType::BOOL:
+                // PHP associative array stores bool as integer for key.
+                return boolval($key);
+            default:
+                return $key;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Move to the next position.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function next()
+    {
+        return next($this->container);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether there are more elements to iterate.
+     *
+     * @return bool True if there are more elements to iterate.
+     */
+    public function valid()
+    {
+        return key($this->container) !== null;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/Message.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/Message.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a69a13ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/Message.php
@@ -0,0 +1,2000 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * Defines Message, the parent class extended by all protocol message classes.
+ */
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\CodedInputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\CodedOutputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBLabel;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\MapEntry;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\ListValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\Value;
+use Google\Protobuf\Struct;
+use Google\Protobuf\NullValue;
+
+/**
+ * Parent class of all proto messages. Users should not instantiate this class
+ * or extend this class or its child classes by their own.  See the comment of
+ * specific functions for more details.
+ */
+class Message
+{
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private $desc;
+    private $unknown = "";
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL)
+    {
+        // MapEntry message is shared by all types of map fields, whose
+        // descriptors are different from each other. Thus, we cannot find a
+        // specific descriptor from the descriptor pool.
+        if ($this instanceof MapEntry) {
+            $this->initWithDescriptor($data);
+        } else {
+            $this->initWithGeneratedPool();
+            if (is_array($data)) {
+                $this->mergeFromArray($data);
+            } else if (!empty($data)) {
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
+                    'Message constructor must be an array or null.'
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function initWithGeneratedPool()
+    {
+        $pool = DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+        $this->desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName(get_class($this));
+        if (is_null($this->desc)) {
+            user_error(get_class($this) . " is not found in descriptor pool.");
+            return;
+        }
+        foreach ($this->desc->getField() as $field) {
+            $setter = $field->getSetter();
+            if ($field->isMap()) {
+                $message_type = $field->getMessageType();
+                $key_field = $message_type->getFieldByNumber(1);
+                $value_field = $message_type->getFieldByNumber(2);
+                switch ($value_field->getType()) {
+                    case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                    case GPBType::GROUP:
+                        $map_field = new MapField(
+                            $key_field->getType(),
+                            $value_field->getType(),
+                            $value_field->getMessageType()->getClass());
+                        $this->$setter($map_field);
+                        break;
+                    case GPBType::ENUM:
+                        $map_field = new MapField(
+                            $key_field->getType(),
+                            $value_field->getType(),
+                            $value_field->getEnumType()->getClass());
+                        $this->$setter($map_field);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        $map_field = new MapField(
+                            $key_field->getType(),
+                            $value_field->getType());
+                        $this->$setter($map_field);
+                        break;
+                }
+            } else if ($field->getLabel() === GPBLabel::REPEATED) {
+                switch ($field->getType()) {
+                    case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                    case GPBType::GROUP:
+                        $repeated_field = new RepeatedField(
+                            $field->getType(),
+                            $field->getMessageType()->getClass());
+                        $this->$setter($repeated_field);
+                        break;
+                    case GPBType::ENUM:
+                        $repeated_field = new RepeatedField(
+                            $field->getType(),
+                            $field->getEnumType()->getClass());
+                        $this->$setter($repeated_field);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        $repeated_field = new RepeatedField($field->getType());
+                        $this->$setter($repeated_field);
+                        break;
+                }
+            } else if ($field->getOneofIndex() !== -1) {
+                $oneof = $this->desc->getOneofDecl()[$field->getOneofIndex()];
+                $oneof_name = $oneof->getName();
+                $this->$oneof_name = new OneofField($oneof);
+            } else if ($field->getLabel() === GPBLabel::OPTIONAL &&
+                       PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+                switch ($field->getType()) {
+                    case GPBType::INT64:
+                    case GPBType::UINT64:
+                    case GPBType::FIXED64:
+                    case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+                    case GPBType::SINT64:
+                        $this->$setter("0");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function initWithDescriptor(Descriptor $desc)
+    {
+        $this->desc = $desc;
+        foreach ($desc->getField() as $field) {
+            $setter = $field->getSetter();
+            $defaultValue = $this->defaultValue($field);
+            $this->$setter($defaultValue);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected function readWrapperValue($member)
+    {
+        $field = $this->desc->getFieldByName($member);
+        $oneof_index = $field->getOneofIndex();
+        if ($oneof_index === -1) {
+            $wrapper = $this->$member;
+        } else {
+            $wrapper = $this->readOneof($field->getNumber());
+        }
+
+        if (is_null($wrapper)) {
+            return NULL;
+        } else {
+            return $wrapper->getValue();
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected function writeWrapperValue($member, $value)
+    {
+        $field = $this->desc->getFieldByName($member);
+        $wrapped_value = $value;
+        if (!is_null($value)) {
+            $desc = $field->getMessageType();
+            $klass = $desc->getClass();
+            $wrapped_value = new $klass;
+            $wrapped_value->setValue($value);
+        }
+
+        $oneof_index = $field->getOneofIndex();
+        if ($oneof_index === -1) {
+            $this->$member = $wrapped_value;
+        } else {
+            $this->writeOneof($field->getNumber(), $wrapped_value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected function readOneof($number)
+    {
+        $field = $this->desc->getFieldByNumber($number);
+        $oneof = $this->desc->getOneofDecl()[$field->getOneofIndex()];
+        $oneof_name = $oneof->getName();
+        $oneof_field = $this->$oneof_name;
+        if ($number === $oneof_field->getNumber()) {
+            return $oneof_field->getValue();
+        } else {
+            return $this->defaultValue($field);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected function writeOneof($number, $value)
+    {
+        $field = $this->desc->getFieldByNumber($number);
+        $oneof = $this->desc->getOneofDecl()[$field->getOneofIndex()];
+        $oneof_name = $oneof->getName();
+        $oneof_field = $this->$oneof_name;
+        $oneof_field->setValue($value);
+        $oneof_field->setFieldName($field->getName());
+        $oneof_field->setNumber($number);
+    }
+
+    protected function whichOneof($oneof_name)
+    {
+        $oneof_field = $this->$oneof_name;
+        $number = $oneof_field->getNumber();
+        if ($number == 0) {
+          return "";
+        }
+        $field = $this->desc->getFieldByNumber($number);
+        return $field->getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function defaultValue($field)
+    {
+        $value = null;
+
+        switch ($field->getType()) {
+            case GPBType::DOUBLE:
+            case GPBType::FLOAT:
+                return 0.0;
+            case GPBType::UINT32:
+            case GPBType::INT32:
+            case GPBType::FIXED32:
+            case GPBType::SFIXED32:
+            case GPBType::SINT32:
+            case GPBType::ENUM:
+                return 0;
+            case GPBType::INT64:
+            case GPBType::UINT64:
+            case GPBType::FIXED64:
+            case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+            case GPBType::SINT64:
+                if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 4) {
+                    return '0';
+                } else {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            case GPBType::BOOL:
+                return false;
+            case GPBType::STRING:
+            case GPBType::BYTES:
+                return "";
+            case GPBType::GROUP:
+            case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                return null;
+            default:
+                user_error("Unsupported type.");
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function skipField($input, $tag)
+    {
+        $number = GPBWire::getTagFieldNumber($tag);
+        if ($number === 0) {
+            throw new GPBDecodeException("Illegal field number zero.");
+        }
+
+        $start = $input->current();
+        switch (GPBWire::getTagWireType($tag)) {
+            case GPBWireType::VARINT:
+                $uint64 = 0;
+                if (!$input->readVarint64($uint64)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside varint.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBWireType::FIXED64:
+                $uint64 = 0;
+                if (!$input->readLittleEndian64($uint64)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside fixed64.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBWireType::FIXED32:
+                $uint32 = 0;
+                if (!$input->readLittleEndian32($uint32)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside fixed32.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBWireType::LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+                $length = 0;
+                if (!$input->readVarint32($length)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside length.");
+                }
+                $data = NULL;
+                if (!$input->readRaw($length, $data)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside length delimited data.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBWireType::START_GROUP:
+            case GPBWireType::END_GROUP:
+                throw new GPBDecodeException("Unexpected wire type.");
+            default:
+                throw new GPBDecodeException("Unexpected wire type.");
+        }
+        $end = $input->current();
+
+        $bytes = str_repeat(chr(0), CodedOutputStream::MAX_VARINT64_BYTES);
+        $size = CodedOutputStream::writeVarintToArray($tag, $bytes, true);
+        $this->unknown .= substr($bytes, 0, $size) . $input->substr($start, $end);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private static function parseFieldFromStreamNoTag($input, $field, &$value)
+    {
+        switch ($field->getType()) {
+            case GPBType::DOUBLE:
+                if (!GPBWire::readDouble($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside double field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FLOAT:
+                if (!GPBWire::readFloat($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside float field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::INT64:
+                if (!GPBWire::readInt64($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside int64 field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::UINT64:
+                if (!GPBWire::readUint64($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside uint64 field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::INT32:
+                if (!GPBWire::readInt32($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside int32 field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FIXED64:
+                if (!GPBWire::readFixed64($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside fixed64 field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FIXED32:
+                if (!GPBWire::readFixed32($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside fixed32 field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::BOOL:
+                if (!GPBWire::readBool($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside bool field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::STRING:
+                // TODO(teboring): Add utf-8 check.
+                if (!GPBWire::readString($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside string field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::GROUP:
+                trigger_error("Not implemented.", E_ERROR);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                if ($field->isMap()) {
+                    $value = new MapEntry($field->getMessageType());
+                } else {
+                    $klass = $field->getMessageType()->getClass();
+                    $value = new $klass;
+                }
+                if (!GPBWire::readMessage($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside message.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::BYTES:
+                if (!GPBWire::readString($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside bytes field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::UINT32:
+                if (!GPBWire::readUint32($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside uint32 field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::ENUM:
+                // TODO(teboring): Check unknown enum value.
+                if (!GPBWire::readInt32($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside enum field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::SFIXED32:
+                if (!GPBWire::readSfixed32($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside sfixed32 field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+                if (!GPBWire::readSfixed64($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside sfixed64 field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::SINT32:
+                if (!GPBWire::readSint32($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside sint32 field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::SINT64:
+                if (!GPBWire::readSint64($input, $value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Unexpected EOF inside sint64 field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                user_error("Unsupported type.");
+                return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function parseFieldFromStream($tag, $input, $field)
+    {
+        $value = null;
+
+        if (is_null($field)) {
+            $value_format = GPBWire::UNKNOWN;
+        } elseif (GPBWire::getTagWireType($tag) ===
+            GPBWire::getWireType($field->getType())) {
+            $value_format = GPBWire::NORMAL_FORMAT;
+        } elseif ($field->isPackable() &&
+            GPBWire::getTagWireType($tag) ===
+            GPBWire::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+            $value_format = GPBWire::PACKED_FORMAT;
+        } else {
+            // the wire type doesn't match. Put it in our unknown field set.
+            $value_format = GPBWire::UNKNOWN;
+        }
+
+        if ($value_format === GPBWire::UNKNOWN) {
+            $this->skipField($input, $tag);
+            return;
+        } elseif ($value_format === GPBWire::NORMAL_FORMAT) {
+            self::parseFieldFromStreamNoTag($input, $field, $value);
+        } elseif ($value_format === GPBWire::PACKED_FORMAT) {
+            $length = 0;
+            if (!GPBWire::readInt32($input, $length)) {
+                throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                    "Unexpected EOF inside packed length.");
+            }
+            $limit = $input->pushLimit($length);
+            $getter = $field->getGetter();
+            while ($input->bytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+                self::parseFieldFromStreamNoTag($input, $field, $value);
+                $this->appendHelper($field, $value);
+            }
+            $input->popLimit($limit);
+            return;
+        } else {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ($field->isMap()) {
+            $this->kvUpdateHelper($field, $value->getKey(), $value->getValue());
+        } else if ($field->isRepeated()) {
+            $this->appendHelper($field, $value);
+        } else {
+            $setter = $field->getSetter();
+            $this->$setter($value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear all containing fields.
+     * @return null.
+     */
+    public function clear()
+    {
+        $this->unknown = "";
+        foreach ($this->desc->getField() as $field) {
+            $setter = $field->getSetter();
+            if ($field->isMap()) {
+                $message_type = $field->getMessageType();
+                $key_field = $message_type->getFieldByNumber(1);
+                $value_field = $message_type->getFieldByNumber(2);
+                switch ($value_field->getType()) {
+                    case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                    case GPBType::GROUP:
+                        $map_field = new MapField(
+                            $key_field->getType(),
+                            $value_field->getType(),
+                            $value_field->getMessageType()->getClass());
+                        $this->$setter($map_field);
+                        break;
+                    case GPBType::ENUM:
+                        $map_field = new MapField(
+                            $key_field->getType(),
+                            $value_field->getType(),
+                            $value_field->getEnumType()->getClass());
+                        $this->$setter($map_field);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        $map_field = new MapField(
+                            $key_field->getType(),
+                            $value_field->getType());
+                        $this->$setter($map_field);
+                        break;
+                }
+            } else if ($field->getLabel() === GPBLabel::REPEATED) {
+                switch ($field->getType()) {
+                    case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                    case GPBType::GROUP:
+                        $repeated_field = new RepeatedField(
+                            $field->getType(),
+                            $field->getMessageType()->getClass());
+                        $this->$setter($repeated_field);
+                        break;
+                    case GPBType::ENUM:
+                        $repeated_field = new RepeatedField(
+                            $field->getType(),
+                            $field->getEnumType()->getClass());
+                        $this->$setter($repeated_field);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        $repeated_field = new RepeatedField($field->getType());
+                        $this->$setter($repeated_field);
+                        break;
+                }
+            } else if ($field->getOneofIndex() !== -1) {
+                $oneof = $this->desc->getOneofDecl()[$field->getOneofIndex()];
+                $oneof_name = $oneof->getName();
+                $this->$oneof_name = new OneofField($oneof);
+            } else if ($field->getLabel() === GPBLabel::OPTIONAL) {
+                switch ($field->getType()) {
+                    case GPBType::DOUBLE   :
+                    case GPBType::FLOAT    :
+                        $this->$setter(0.0);
+                        break;
+                    case GPBType::INT32    :
+                    case GPBType::FIXED32  :
+                    case GPBType::UINT32   :
+                    case GPBType::SFIXED32 :
+                    case GPBType::SINT32   :
+                    case GPBType::ENUM     :
+                        $this->$setter(0);
+                        break;
+                    case GPBType::BOOL     :
+                        $this->$setter(false);
+                        break;
+                    case GPBType::STRING   :
+                    case GPBType::BYTES    :
+                        $this->$setter("");
+                        break;
+                    case GPBType::GROUP    :
+                    case GPBType::MESSAGE  :
+                        $null = null;
+                        $this->$setter($null);
+                        break;
+                }
+                if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+                    switch ($field->getType()) {
+                        case GPBType::INT64:
+                        case GPBType::UINT64:
+                        case GPBType::FIXED64:
+                        case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+                        case GPBType::SINT64:
+                            $this->$setter("0");
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    switch ($field->getType()) {
+                        case GPBType::INT64:
+                        case GPBType::UINT64:
+                        case GPBType::FIXED64:
+                        case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+                        case GPBType::SINT64:
+                            $this->$setter(0);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear all unknown fields previously parsed.
+     * @return null.
+     */
+    public function discardUnknownFields()
+    {
+        $this->unknown = "";
+        foreach ($this->desc->getField() as $field) {
+            if ($field->getType() != GPBType::MESSAGE) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if ($field->isMap()) {
+                $value_field = $field->getMessageType()->getFieldByNumber(2);
+                if ($value_field->getType() != GPBType::MESSAGE) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                $getter = $field->getGetter();
+                $map = $this->$getter();
+                foreach ($map as $key => $value) {
+                    $value->discardUnknownFields();
+                }
+            } else if ($field->getLabel() === GPBLabel::REPEATED) {
+                $getter = $field->getGetter();
+                $arr = $this->$getter();
+                foreach ($arr as $sub) {
+                    $sub->discardUnknownFields();
+                }
+            } else if ($field->getLabel() === GPBLabel::OPTIONAL) {
+                $getter = $field->getGetter();
+                $sub = $this->$getter();
+                if (!is_null($sub)) {
+                    $sub->discardUnknownFields();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Merges the contents of the specified message into current message.
+     *
+     * This method merges the contents of the specified message into the
+     * current message. Singular fields that are set in the specified message
+     * overwrite the corresponding fields in the current message.  Repeated
+     * fields are appended. Map fields key-value pairs are overritten.
+     * Singular/Oneof sub-messages are recursively merged. All overritten
+     * sub-messages are deep-copied.
+     *
+     * @param object $msg Protobuf message to be merged from.
+     * @return null.
+     */
+    public function mergeFrom($msg)
+    {
+        if (get_class($this) !== get_class($msg)) {
+            user_error("Cannot merge messages with different class.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($this->desc->getField() as $field) {
+            $setter = $field->getSetter();
+            $getter = $field->getGetter();
+            if ($field->isMap()) {
+                if (count($msg->$getter()) != 0) {
+                    $value_field = $field->getMessageType()->getFieldByNumber(2);
+                    foreach ($msg->$getter() as $key => $value) {
+                        if ($value_field->getType() == GPBType::MESSAGE) {
+                            $klass = $value_field->getMessageType()->getClass();
+                            $copy = new $klass;
+                            $copy->mergeFrom($value);
+
+                            $this->kvUpdateHelper($field, $key, $copy);
+                        } else {
+                            $this->kvUpdateHelper($field, $key, $value);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if ($field->getLabel() === GPBLabel::REPEATED) {
+                if (count($msg->$getter()) != 0) {
+                    foreach ($msg->$getter() as $tmp) {
+                        if ($field->getType() == GPBType::MESSAGE) {
+                            $klass = $field->getMessageType()->getClass();
+                            $copy = new $klass;
+                            $copy->mergeFrom($tmp);
+                            $this->appendHelper($field, $copy);
+                        } else {
+                            $this->appendHelper($field, $tmp);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if ($field->getLabel() === GPBLabel::OPTIONAL) {
+                if($msg->$getter() !== $this->defaultValue($field)) {
+                    $tmp = $msg->$getter();
+                    if ($field->getType() == GPBType::MESSAGE) {
+                        if (is_null($this->$getter())) {
+                            $klass = $field->getMessageType()->getClass();
+                            $new_msg = new $klass;
+                            $this->$setter($new_msg);
+                        }
+                        $this->$getter()->mergeFrom($tmp);
+                    } else {
+                        $this->$setter($tmp);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parses a protocol buffer contained in a string.
+     *
+     * This function takes a string in the (non-human-readable) binary wire
+     * format, matching the encoding output by serializeToString().
+     * See mergeFrom() for merging behavior, if the field is already set in the
+     * specified message.
+     *
+     * @param string $data Binary protobuf data.
+     * @return null.
+     * @throws \Exception Invalid data.
+     */
+    public function mergeFromString($data)
+    {
+        $input = new CodedInputStream($data);
+        $this->parseFromStream($input);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parses a json string to protobuf message.
+     *
+     * This function takes a string in the json wire format, matching the
+     * encoding output by serializeToJsonString().
+     * See mergeFrom() for merging behavior, if the field is already set in the
+     * specified message.
+     *
+     * @param string $data Json protobuf data.
+     * @return null.
+     * @throws \Exception Invalid data.
+     */
+    public function mergeFromJsonString($data)
+    {
+        $input = new RawInputStream($data);
+        $this->parseFromJsonStream($input);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function parseFromStream($input)
+    {
+        while (true) {
+            $tag = $input->readTag();
+            // End of input.  This is a valid place to end, so return true.
+            if ($tag === 0) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            $number = GPBWire::getTagFieldNumber($tag);
+            $field = $this->desc->getFieldByNumber($number);
+
+            $this->parseFieldFromStream($tag, $input, $field);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function convertJsonValueToProtoValue(
+        $value,
+        $field,
+        $is_map_key = false)
+    {
+        switch ($field->getType()) {
+            case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                $klass = $field->getMessageType()->getClass();
+                $submsg = new $klass;
+
+                if (is_a($submsg, "Google\Protobuf\Duration")) {
+                    if (is_null($value)) {
+                        return $this->defaultValue($field);
+                    } else if (!is_string($value)) {
+                        throw new GPBDecodeException("Expect string.");
+                    }
+                    return GPBUtil::parseDuration($value);
+                } else if ($field->isTimestamp()) {
+                    if (is_null($value)) {
+                        return $this->defaultValue($field);
+                    } else if (!is_string($value)) {
+                        throw new GPBDecodeException("Expect string.");
+                    }
+                    try {
+                        $timestamp = GPBUtil::parseTimestamp($value);
+                    } catch (\Exception $e) {
+                        throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                            "Invalid RFC 3339 timestamp: ".$e->getMessage());
+                    }
+
+                    $submsg->setSeconds($timestamp->getSeconds());
+                    $submsg->setNanos($timestamp->getNanos());
+                } else if (is_a($submsg, "Google\Protobuf\FieldMask")) {
+                    if (is_null($value)) {
+                        return $this->defaultValue($field);
+                    }
+                    try {
+                        return GPBUtil::parseFieldMask($value);
+                    } catch (\Exception $e) {
+                        throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                            "Invalid FieldMask: ".$e->getMessage());
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (is_null($value) &&
+                        !is_a($submsg, "Google\Protobuf\Value")) {
+                        return $this->defaultValue($field);
+                    }
+                    if (GPBUtil::hasSpecialJsonMapping($submsg)) {
+                    } elseif (!is_object($value) && !is_array($value)) {
+                        throw new GPBDecodeException("Expect message.");
+                    }
+                    $submsg->mergeFromJsonArray($value);
+                }
+                return $submsg;
+            case GPBType::ENUM:
+                if (is_null($value)) {
+                    return $this->defaultValue($field);
+                }
+                if (is_integer($value)) {
+                    return $value;
+                }
+                $enum_value = $field->getEnumType()->getValueByName($value);
+                if (!is_null($enum_value)) {
+                    return $enum_value->getNumber();
+                }
+                throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Enum field only accepts integer or enum value name");
+            case GPBType::STRING:
+                if (is_null($value)) {
+                    return $this->defaultValue($field);
+                }
+                if (is_numeric($value)) {
+                    return strval($value);
+                }
+                if (!is_string($value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "String field only accepts string value");
+                }
+                return $value;
+            case GPBType::BYTES:
+                if (is_null($value)) {
+                    return $this->defaultValue($field);
+                }
+                if (!is_string($value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Byte field only accepts string value");
+                }
+                $proto_value = base64_decode($value, true);
+                if ($proto_value === false) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException("Invalid base64 characters");
+                }
+                return $proto_value;
+            case GPBType::BOOL:
+                if (is_null($value)) {
+                    return $this->defaultValue($field);
+                }
+                if ($is_map_key) {
+                    if ($value === "true") {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    if ($value === "false") {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Bool field only accepts bool value");
+                }
+                if (!is_bool($value)) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Bool field only accepts bool value");
+                }
+                return $value;
+            case GPBType::FLOAT:
+            case GPBType::DOUBLE:
+                if (is_null($value)) {
+                    return $this->defaultValue($field);
+                }
+                if ($value === "Infinity") {
+                    return INF;
+                }
+                if ($value === "-Infinity") {
+                    return -INF;
+                }
+                if ($value === "NaN") {
+                    return NAN;
+                }
+                return $value;
+            case GPBType::INT32:
+            case GPBType::SINT32:
+            case GPBType::SFIXED32:
+                if (is_null($value)) {
+                    return $this->defaultValue($field);
+                }
+                if (!is_numeric($value)) {
+                   throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                       "Invalid data type for int32 field");
+                }
+                if (is_string($value) && trim($value) !== $value) {
+                   throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                       "Invalid data type for int32 field");
+                }
+                if (bccomp($value, "2147483647") > 0) {
+                   throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                       "Int32 too large");
+                }
+                if (bccomp($value, "-2147483648") < 0) {
+                   throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                       "Int32 too small");
+                }
+                return $value;
+            case GPBType::UINT32:
+            case GPBType::FIXED32:
+                if (is_null($value)) {
+                    return $this->defaultValue($field);
+                }
+                if (!is_numeric($value)) {
+                   throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                       "Invalid data type for uint32 field");
+                }
+                if (is_string($value) && trim($value) !== $value) {
+                   throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                       "Invalid data type for int32 field");
+                }
+                if (bccomp($value, 4294967295) > 0) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Uint32 too large");
+                }
+                return $value;
+            case GPBType::INT64:
+            case GPBType::SINT64:
+            case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+                if (is_null($value)) {
+                    return $this->defaultValue($field);
+                }
+                if (!is_numeric($value)) {
+                   throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                       "Invalid data type for int64 field");
+                }
+                if (is_string($value) && trim($value) !== $value) {
+                   throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                       "Invalid data type for int64 field");
+                }
+                if (bccomp($value, "9223372036854775807") > 0) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Int64 too large");
+                }
+                if (bccomp($value, "-9223372036854775808") < 0) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Int64 too small");
+                }
+                return $value;
+            case GPBType::UINT64:
+            case GPBType::FIXED64:
+                if (is_null($value)) {
+                    return $this->defaultValue($field);
+                }
+                if (!is_numeric($value)) {
+                   throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                       "Invalid data type for int64 field");
+                }
+                if (is_string($value) && trim($value) !== $value) {
+                   throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                       "Invalid data type for int64 field");
+                }
+                if (bccomp($value, "18446744073709551615") > 0) {
+                    throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                        "Uint64 too large");
+                }
+                if (bccomp($value, "9223372036854775807") > 0) {
+                    $value = bcsub($value, "18446744073709551616");
+                }
+                return $value;
+            default:
+                return $value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Populates the message from a user-supplied PHP array. Array keys
+     * correspond to Message properties and nested message properties.
+     *
+     * Example:
+     * ```
+     * $message->mergeFromArray([
+     *     'name' => 'This is a message name',
+     *     'interval' => [
+     *          'startTime' => time() - 60,
+     *          'endTime' => time(),
+     *     ]
+     * ]);
+     * ```
+     *
+     * This method will trigger an error if it is passed data that cannot
+     * be converted to the correct type. For example, a StringValue field
+     * must receive data that is either a string or a StringValue object.
+     *
+     * @param array $array An array containing message properties and values.
+     * @return null.
+     */
+    protected function mergeFromArray(array $array)
+    {
+        // Just call the setters for the field names
+        foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
+            $field = $this->desc->getFieldByName($key);
+            if (is_null($field)) {
+                throw new \UnexpectedValueException(
+                    'Invalid message property: ' . $key);
+            }
+            $setter = $field->getSetter();
+            if ($field->isMap()) {
+                $valueField = $field->getMessageType()->getFieldByName('value');
+                if (!is_null($valueField) && $valueField->isWrapperType()) {
+                    self::normalizeArrayElementsToMessageType($value, $valueField->getMessageType()->getClass());
+                }
+            } elseif ($field->isWrapperType()) {
+                $class = $field->getMessageType()->getClass();
+                if ($field->isRepeated()) {
+                    self::normalizeArrayElementsToMessageType($value, $class);
+                } else {
+                    self::normalizeToMessageType($value, $class);
+                }
+            }
+            $this->$setter($value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tries to normalize the elements in $value into a provided protobuf
+     * wrapper type $class. If $value is any type other than array, we do
+     * not do any conversion, and instead rely on the existing protobuf
+     * type checking. If $value is an array, we process each element and
+     * try to convert it to an instance of $class.
+     *
+     * @param mixed $value The array of values to normalize.
+     * @param string $class The expected wrapper class name
+     */
+    private static function normalizeArrayElementsToMessageType(&$value, $class)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($value)) {
+            // In the case that $value is not an array, we do not want to
+            // attempt any conversion. Note that this includes the cases
+            // when $value is a RepeatedField of MapField. In those cases,
+            // we do not need to convert the elements, as they should
+            // already be the correct types.
+            return;
+        } else {
+            // Normalize each element in the array.
+            foreach ($value as $key => &$elementValue) {
+              self::normalizeToMessageType($elementValue, $class);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tries to normalize $value into a provided protobuf wrapper type $class.
+     * If $value is any type other than an object, we attempt to construct an
+     * instance of $class and assign $value to it using the setValue method
+     * shared by all wrapper types.
+     *
+     * This method will raise an error if it receives a type that cannot be
+     * assigned to the wrapper type via setValue.
+     *
+     * @param mixed $value The value to normalize.
+     * @param string $class The expected wrapper class name
+     */
+    private static function normalizeToMessageType(&$value, $class)
+    {
+        if (is_null($value) || is_object($value)) {
+            // This handles the case that $value is an instance of $class. We
+            // choose not to do any more strict checking here, relying on the
+            // existing type checking done by GPBUtil.
+            return;
+        } else {
+            // Try to instantiate $class and set the value
+            try {
+                $msg = new $class;
+                $msg->setValue($value);
+                $value = $msg;
+                return;
+            } catch (\Exception $exception) {
+                trigger_error(
+                    "Error normalizing value to type '$class': " . $exception->getMessage(),
+                    E_USER_ERROR
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected function mergeFromJsonArray($array)
+    {
+        if (is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\Any")) {
+            $this->clear();
+            $this->setTypeUrl($array["@type"]);
+            $msg = $this->unpack();
+            if (GPBUtil::hasSpecialJsonMapping($msg)) {
+                $msg->mergeFromJsonArray($array["value"]);
+            } else {
+                unset($array["@type"]);
+                $msg->mergeFromJsonArray($array);
+            }
+            $this->setValue($msg->serializeToString());
+            return;
+        }
+        if (is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\DoubleValue") ||
+            is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\FloatValue")  ||
+            is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\Int64Value")  ||
+            is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\UInt64Value") ||
+            is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\Int32Value")  ||
+            is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\UInt32Value") ||
+            is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\BoolValue")   ||
+            is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\StringValue")) {
+            $this->setValue($array);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\BytesValue")) {
+            $this->setValue(base64_decode($array));
+            return;
+        }
+        if (is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\Duration")) {
+            $this->mergeFrom(GPBUtil::parseDuration($array));
+            return;
+        }
+        if (is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\FieldMask")) {
+            $this->mergeFrom(GPBUtil::parseFieldMask($array));
+            return;
+        }
+        if (is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\Timestamp")) {
+            $this->mergeFrom(GPBUtil::parseTimestamp($array));
+            return;
+        }
+        if (is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\Struct")) {
+            $fields = $this->getFields();
+            foreach($array as $key => $value) {
+                $v = new Value();
+                $v->mergeFromJsonArray($value);
+                $fields[$key] = $v;
+            }
+        }
+        if (is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\Value")) {
+            if (is_bool($array)) {
+                $this->setBoolValue($array);
+            } elseif (is_string($array)) {
+                $this->setStringValue($array);
+            } elseif (is_null($array)) {
+                $this->setNullValue(0);
+            } elseif (is_double($array) || is_integer($array)) {
+                $this->setNumberValue($array);
+            } elseif (is_array($array)) {
+                if (array_values($array) !== $array) {
+                    // Associative array
+                    $struct_value = $this->getStructValue();
+                    if (is_null($struct_value)) {
+                        $struct_value = new Struct();
+                        $this->setStructValue($struct_value);
+                    }
+                    foreach ($array as $key => $v) {
+                        $value = new Value();
+                        $value->mergeFromJsonArray($v);
+                        $values = $struct_value->getFields();
+                        $values[$key]= $value;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Array
+                    $list_value = $this->getListValue();
+                    if (is_null($list_value)) {
+                        $list_value = new ListValue();
+                        $this->setListValue($list_value);
+                    }
+                    foreach ($array as $v) {
+                        $value = new Value();
+                        $value->mergeFromJsonArray($v);
+                        $values = $list_value->getValues();
+                        $values[]= $value;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                throw new GPBDecodeException("Invalid type for Value.");
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        $this->mergeFromArrayJsonImpl($array);
+    }
+
+    private function mergeFromArrayJsonImpl($array)
+    {
+        foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
+            $field = $this->desc->getFieldByJsonName($key);
+            if (is_null($field)) {
+                $field = $this->desc->getFieldByName($key);
+                if (is_null($field)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+            if ($field->isMap()) {
+                if (is_null($value)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                $key_field = $field->getMessageType()->getFieldByNumber(1);
+                $value_field = $field->getMessageType()->getFieldByNumber(2);
+                foreach ($value as $tmp_key => $tmp_value) {
+                    if (is_null($tmp_value)) {
+                        throw new \Exception(
+                            "Map value field element cannot be null.");
+                    }
+                    $proto_key = $this->convertJsonValueToProtoValue(
+                        $tmp_key,
+                        $key_field,
+                        true);
+                    $proto_value = $this->convertJsonValueToProtoValue(
+                        $tmp_value,
+                        $value_field);
+                    self::kvUpdateHelper($field, $proto_key, $proto_value);
+                }
+            } else if ($field->isRepeated()) {
+                if (is_null($value)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                foreach ($value as $tmp) {
+                    if (is_null($tmp)) {
+                        throw new \Exception(
+                            "Repeated field elements cannot be null.");
+                    }
+                    $proto_value = $this->convertJsonValueToProtoValue(
+                        $tmp,
+                        $field);
+                    self::appendHelper($field, $proto_value);
+                }
+            } else {
+                $setter = $field->getSetter();
+                $proto_value = $this->convertJsonValueToProtoValue(
+                    $value,
+                    $field);
+                if ($field->getType() === GPBType::MESSAGE) {
+                    if (is_null($proto_value)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    $getter = $field->getGetter();
+                    $submsg = $this->$getter();
+                    if (!is_null($submsg)) {
+                        $submsg->mergeFrom($proto_value);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                $this->$setter($proto_value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function parseFromJsonStream($input)
+    {
+        $array = json_decode($input->getData(), true, 512, JSON_BIGINT_AS_STRING);
+        if ($this instanceof \Google\Protobuf\ListValue) {
+            $array = ["values"=>$array];
+        }
+        if (is_null($array)) {
+            if ($this instanceof \Google\Protobuf\Value) {
+              $this->setNullValue(\Google\Protobuf\NullValue::NULL_VALUE);
+              return;
+            } else {
+              throw new GPBDecodeException(
+                  "Cannot decode json string: " . $input->getData());
+            }
+        }
+        try {
+            $this->mergeFromJsonArray($array);
+        } catch (\Exception $e) {
+            throw new GPBDecodeException($e->getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function serializeSingularFieldToStream($field, &$output)
+    {
+        if (!$this->existField($field)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        $getter = $field->getGetter();
+        $value = $this->$getter();
+        if (!GPBWire::serializeFieldToStream($value, $field, true, $output)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function serializeRepeatedFieldToStream($field, &$output)
+    {
+        $getter = $field->getGetter();
+        $values = $this->$getter();
+        $count = count($values);
+        if ($count === 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $packed = $field->getPacked();
+        if ($packed) {
+            if (!GPBWire::writeTag(
+                $output,
+                GPBWire::makeTag($field->getNumber(), GPBType::STRING))) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $size = 0;
+            foreach ($values as $value) {
+                $size += $this->fieldDataOnlyByteSize($field, $value);
+            }
+            if (!$output->writeVarint32($size, true)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach ($values as $value) {
+            if (!GPBWire::serializeFieldToStream(
+                $value,
+                $field,
+                !$packed,
+                $output)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function serializeMapFieldToStream($field, $output)
+    {
+        $getter = $field->getGetter();
+        $values = $this->$getter();
+        $count = count($values);
+        if ($count === 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($values as $key => $value) {
+            $map_entry = new MapEntry($field->getMessageType());
+            $map_entry->setKey($key);
+            $map_entry->setValue($value);
+            if (!GPBWire::serializeFieldToStream(
+                $map_entry,
+                $field,
+                true,
+                $output)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function serializeFieldToStream(&$output, $field)
+    {
+        if ($field->isMap()) {
+            return $this->serializeMapFieldToStream($field, $output);
+        } elseif ($field->isRepeated()) {
+            return $this->serializeRepeatedFieldToStream($field, $output);
+        } else {
+            return $this->serializeSingularFieldToStream($field, $output);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function serializeFieldToJsonStream(&$output, $field)
+    {
+        $getter = $field->getGetter();
+        $values = $this->$getter();
+        return GPBJsonWire::serializeFieldToStream(
+            $values, $field, $output, !GPBUtil::hasSpecialJsonMapping($this));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function serializeToStream(&$output)
+    {
+        $fields = $this->desc->getField();
+        foreach ($fields as $field) {
+            if (!$this->serializeFieldToStream($output, $field)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        $output->writeRaw($this->unknown, strlen($this->unknown));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function serializeToJsonStream(&$output)
+    {
+        if (is_a($this, 'Google\Protobuf\Any')) {
+            $output->writeRaw("{", 1);
+            $type_field = $this->desc->getFieldByNumber(1);
+            $value_msg = $this->unpack();
+
+            // Serialize type url.
+            $output->writeRaw("\"@type\":", 8);
+            $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+            $output->writeRaw($this->getTypeUrl(), strlen($this->getTypeUrl()));
+            $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+
+            // Serialize value
+            if (GPBUtil::hasSpecialJsonMapping($value_msg)) {
+                $output->writeRaw(",\"value\":", 9);
+                $value_msg->serializeToJsonStream($output);
+            } else {
+                $value_fields = $value_msg->desc->getField();
+                foreach ($value_fields as $field) {
+                    if ($value_msg->existField($field)) {
+                        $output->writeRaw(",", 1);
+                        if (!$value_msg->serializeFieldToJsonStream($output, $field)) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            $output->writeRaw("}", 1);
+        } elseif (is_a($this, 'Google\Protobuf\FieldMask')) {
+            $field_mask = GPBUtil::formatFieldMask($this);
+            $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+            $output->writeRaw($field_mask, strlen($field_mask));
+            $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+        } elseif (is_a($this, 'Google\Protobuf\Duration')) {
+            $duration = GPBUtil::formatDuration($this) . "s";
+            $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+            $output->writeRaw($duration, strlen($duration));
+            $output->writeRaw("\"", 1);
+        } elseif (get_class($this) === 'Google\Protobuf\Timestamp') {
+            $timestamp = GPBUtil::formatTimestamp($this);
+            $timestamp = json_encode($timestamp);
+            $output->writeRaw($timestamp, strlen($timestamp));
+        } elseif (get_class($this) === 'Google\Protobuf\ListValue') {
+            $field = $this->desc->getField()[1];
+            if (!$this->existField($field)) {
+                $output->writeRaw("[]", 2);
+            } else {
+                if (!$this->serializeFieldToJsonStream($output, $field)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        } elseif (get_class($this) === 'Google\Protobuf\Struct') {
+            $field = $this->desc->getField()[1];
+            if (!$this->existField($field)) {
+                $output->writeRaw("{}", 2);
+            } else {
+                if (!$this->serializeFieldToJsonStream($output, $field)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (!GPBUtil::hasSpecialJsonMapping($this)) {
+                $output->writeRaw("{", 1);
+            }
+            $fields = $this->desc->getField();
+            $first = true;
+            foreach ($fields as $field) {
+                if ($this->existField($field) ||
+                    GPBUtil::hasJsonValue($this)) {
+                    if ($first) {
+                        $first = false;
+                    } else {
+                        $output->writeRaw(",", 1);
+                    }
+                    if (!$this->serializeFieldToJsonStream($output, $field)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (!GPBUtil::hasSpecialJsonMapping($this)) {
+                $output->writeRaw("}", 1);
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Serialize the message to string.
+     * @return string Serialized binary protobuf data.
+     */
+    public function serializeToString()
+    {
+        $output = new CodedOutputStream($this->byteSize());
+        $this->serializeToStream($output);
+        return $output->getData();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Serialize the message to json string.
+     * @return string Serialized json protobuf data.
+     */
+    public function serializeToJsonString()
+    {
+        $output = new CodedOutputStream($this->jsonByteSize());
+        $this->serializeToJsonStream($output);
+        return $output->getData();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function existField($field)
+    {
+        $oneof_index = $field->getOneofIndex();
+        if ($oneof_index !== -1) {
+            $oneof = $this->desc->getOneofDecl()[$oneof_index];
+            $oneof_name = $oneof->getName();
+            return $this->$oneof_name->getNumber() === $field->getNumber();
+        }
+
+        $getter = $field->getGetter();
+        $values = $this->$getter();
+        if ($field->isMap()) {
+            return count($values) !== 0;
+        } elseif ($field->isRepeated()) {
+            return count($values) !== 0;
+        } else {
+            return $values !== $this->defaultValue($field);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function repeatedFieldDataOnlyByteSize($field)
+    {
+        $size = 0;
+
+        $getter = $field->getGetter();
+        $values = $this->$getter();
+        $count = count($values);
+        if ($count !== 0) {
+            $size += $count * GPBWire::tagSize($field);
+            foreach ($values as $value) {
+                $size += $this->singularFieldDataOnlyByteSize($field);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function fieldDataOnlyByteSize($field, $value)
+    {
+        $size = 0;
+
+        switch ($field->getType()) {
+            case GPBType::BOOL:
+                $size += 1;
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FLOAT:
+            case GPBType::FIXED32:
+            case GPBType::SFIXED32:
+                $size += 4;
+                break;
+            case GPBType::DOUBLE:
+            case GPBType::FIXED64:
+            case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+                $size += 8;
+                break;
+            case GPBType::INT32:
+            case GPBType::ENUM:
+                $size += GPBWire::varint32Size($value, true);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::UINT32:
+                $size += GPBWire::varint32Size($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::UINT64:
+            case GPBType::INT64:
+                $size += GPBWire::varint64Size($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::SINT32:
+                $size += GPBWire::sint32Size($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::SINT64:
+                $size += GPBWire::sint64Size($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::STRING:
+            case GPBType::BYTES:
+                $size += strlen($value);
+                $size += GPBWire::varint32Size($size);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                $size += $value->byteSize();
+                $size += GPBWire::varint32Size($size);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::GROUP:
+                // TODO(teboring): Add support.
+                user_error("Unsupported type.");
+                break;
+            default:
+                user_error("Unsupported type.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return $size;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function fieldDataOnlyJsonByteSize($field, $value)
+    {
+        $size = 0;
+
+        switch ($field->getType()) {
+            case GPBType::SFIXED32:
+            case GPBType::SINT32:
+            case GPBType::INT32:
+                $size += strlen(strval($value));
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FIXED32:
+            case GPBType::UINT32:
+                if ($value < 0) {
+                    $value = bcadd($value, "4294967296");
+                }
+                $size += strlen(strval($value));
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FIXED64:
+            case GPBType::UINT64:
+                if ($value < 0) {
+                    $value = bcadd($value, "18446744073709551616");
+                }
+                // Intentional fall through.
+            case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+            case GPBType::INT64:
+            case GPBType::SINT64:
+                $size += 2;  // size for ""
+                $size += strlen(strval($value));
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FLOAT:
+                if (is_nan($value)) {
+                    $size += strlen("NaN") + 2;
+                } elseif ($value === INF) {
+                    $size += strlen("Infinity") + 2;
+                } elseif ($value === -INF) {
+                    $size += strlen("-Infinity") + 2;
+                } else {
+                    $size += strlen(sprintf("%.8g", $value));
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::DOUBLE:
+                if (is_nan($value)) {
+                    $size += strlen("NaN") + 2;
+                } elseif ($value === INF) {
+                    $size += strlen("Infinity") + 2;
+                } elseif ($value === -INF) {
+                    $size += strlen("-Infinity") + 2;
+                } else {
+                    $size += strlen(sprintf("%.17g", $value));
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::ENUM:
+                $enum_desc = $field->getEnumType();
+                if ($enum_desc->getClass() === "Google\Protobuf\NullValue") {
+                    $size += 4;
+                    break;
+                }
+                $enum_value_desc = $enum_desc->getValueByNumber($value);
+                if (!is_null($enum_value_desc)) {
+                    $size += 2;  // size for ""
+                    $size += strlen($enum_value_desc->getName());
+                } else {
+                    $str_value = strval($value);
+                    $size += strlen($str_value);
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::BOOL:
+                if ($value) {
+                    $size += 4;
+                } else {
+                    $size += 5;
+                }
+                break;
+            case GPBType::STRING:
+                $value = json_encode($value, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
+                $size += strlen($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::BYTES:
+                # if (is_a($this, "Google\Protobuf\BytesValue")) {
+                #     $size += strlen(json_encode($value));
+                # } else {
+                #     $size += strlen(base64_encode($value));
+                #     $size += 2;  // size for \"\"
+                # }
+                $size += strlen(base64_encode($value));
+                $size += 2;  // size for \"\"
+                break;
+            case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                $size += $value->jsonByteSize();
+                break;
+#             case GPBType::GROUP:
+#                 // TODO(teboring): Add support.
+#                 user_error("Unsupported type.");
+#                 break;
+            default:
+                user_error("Unsupported type " . $field->getType());
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return $size;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function fieldByteSize($field)
+    {
+        $size = 0;
+        if ($field->isMap()) {
+            $getter = $field->getGetter();
+            $values = $this->$getter();
+            $count = count($values);
+            if ($count !== 0) {
+                $size += $count * GPBWire::tagSize($field);
+                $message_type = $field->getMessageType();
+                $key_field = $message_type->getFieldByNumber(1);
+                $value_field = $message_type->getFieldByNumber(2);
+                foreach ($values as $key => $value) {
+                    $data_size = 0;
+                    if ($key != $this->defaultValue($key_field)) {
+                        $data_size += $this->fieldDataOnlyByteSize(
+                            $key_field,
+                            $key);
+                        $data_size += GPBWire::tagSize($key_field);
+                    }
+                    if ($value != $this->defaultValue($value_field)) {
+                        $data_size += $this->fieldDataOnlyByteSize(
+                            $value_field,
+                            $value);
+                        $data_size += GPBWire::tagSize($value_field);
+                    }
+                    $size += GPBWire::varint32Size($data_size) + $data_size;
+                }
+            }
+        } elseif ($field->isRepeated()) {
+            $getter = $field->getGetter();
+            $values = $this->$getter();
+            $count = count($values);
+            if ($count !== 0) {
+                if ($field->getPacked()) {
+                    $data_size = 0;
+                    foreach ($values as $value) {
+                        $data_size += $this->fieldDataOnlyByteSize($field, $value);
+                    }
+                    $size += GPBWire::tagSize($field);
+                    $size += GPBWire::varint32Size($data_size);
+                    $size += $data_size;
+                } else {
+                    $size += $count * GPBWire::tagSize($field);
+                    foreach ($values as $value) {
+                        $size += $this->fieldDataOnlyByteSize($field, $value);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } elseif ($this->existField($field)) {
+            $size += GPBWire::tagSize($field);
+            $getter = $field->getGetter();
+            $value = $this->$getter();
+            $size += $this->fieldDataOnlyByteSize($field, $value);
+        }
+        return $size;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private function fieldJsonByteSize($field)
+    {
+        $size = 0;
+
+        if ($field->isMap()) {
+            $getter = $field->getGetter();
+            $values = $this->$getter();
+            $count = count($values);
+            if ($count !== 0) {
+                if (!GPBUtil::hasSpecialJsonMapping($this)) {
+                    $size += 3;                              // size for "\"\":".
+                    $size += strlen($field->getJsonName());  // size for field name
+                }
+                $size += 2;  // size for "{}".
+                $size += $count - 1;                     // size for commas
+                $getter = $field->getGetter();
+                $map_entry = $field->getMessageType();
+                $key_field = $map_entry->getFieldByNumber(1);
+                $value_field = $map_entry->getFieldByNumber(2);
+                switch ($key_field->getType()) {
+                case GPBType::STRING:
+                case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+                case GPBType::INT64:
+                case GPBType::SINT64:
+                case GPBType::FIXED64:
+                case GPBType::UINT64:
+                    $additional_quote = false;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    $additional_quote = true;
+                }
+                foreach ($values as $key => $value) {
+                    if ($additional_quote) {
+                        $size += 2;  // size for ""
+                    }
+                    $size += $this->fieldDataOnlyJsonByteSize($key_field, $key);
+                    $size += $this->fieldDataOnlyJsonByteSize($value_field, $value);
+                    $size += 1;  // size for :
+                }
+            }
+        } elseif ($field->isRepeated()) {
+            $getter = $field->getGetter();
+            $values = $this->$getter();
+            $count = count($values);
+            if ($count !== 0) {
+                if (!GPBUtil::hasSpecialJsonMapping($this)) {
+                    $size += 3;                              // size for "\"\":".
+                    $size += strlen($field->getJsonName());  // size for field name
+                }
+                $size += 2;  // size for "[]".
+                $size += $count - 1;                     // size for commas
+                $getter = $field->getGetter();
+                foreach ($values as $value) {
+                    $size += $this->fieldDataOnlyJsonByteSize($field, $value);
+                }
+            }
+        } elseif ($this->existField($field) || GPBUtil::hasJsonValue($this)) {
+            if (!GPBUtil::hasSpecialJsonMapping($this)) {
+                $size += 3;                              // size for "\"\":".
+                $size += strlen($field->getJsonName());  // size for field name
+            }
+            $getter = $field->getGetter();
+            $value = $this->$getter();
+            $size += $this->fieldDataOnlyJsonByteSize($field, $value);
+        }
+        return $size;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function byteSize()
+    {
+        $size = 0;
+
+        $fields = $this->desc->getField();
+        foreach ($fields as $field) {
+            $size += $this->fieldByteSize($field);
+        }
+        $size += strlen($this->unknown);
+        return $size;
+    }
+
+    private function appendHelper($field, $append_value)
+    {
+        $getter = $field->getGetter();
+        $setter = $field->getSetter();
+
+        $field_arr_value = $this->$getter();
+        $field_arr_value[] = $append_value;
+
+        if (!is_object($field_arr_value)) {
+            $this->$setter($field_arr_value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function kvUpdateHelper($field, $update_key, $update_value)
+    {
+        $getter = $field->getGetter();
+        $setter = $field->getSetter();
+
+        $field_arr_value = $this->$getter();
+        $field_arr_value[$update_key] = $update_value;
+
+        if (!is_object($field_arr_value)) {
+            $this->$setter($field_arr_value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function jsonByteSize()
+    {
+        $size = 0;
+        if (is_a($this, 'Google\Protobuf\Any')) {
+            // Size for "{}".
+            $size += 2;
+
+            // Size for "\"@type\":".
+            $size += 8;
+
+            // Size for url. +2 for "" /.
+            $size += strlen($this->getTypeUrl()) + 2;
+
+            $value_msg = $this->unpack();
+            if (GPBUtil::hasSpecialJsonMapping($value_msg)) {
+                // Size for "\",value\":".
+                $size += 9;
+                $size += $value_msg->jsonByteSize();
+            } else {
+                // Size for value. +1 for comma, -2 for "{}".
+                $size += $value_msg->jsonByteSize() -1;
+            }
+        } elseif (get_class($this) === 'Google\Protobuf\FieldMask') {
+            $field_mask = GPBUtil::formatFieldMask($this);
+            $size += strlen($field_mask) + 2;  // 2 for ""
+        } elseif (get_class($this) === 'Google\Protobuf\Duration') {
+            $duration = GPBUtil::formatDuration($this) . "s";
+            $size += strlen($duration) + 2;  // 2 for ""
+        } elseif (get_class($this) === 'Google\Protobuf\Timestamp') {
+            $timestamp = GPBUtil::formatTimestamp($this);
+            $timestamp = json_encode($timestamp);
+            $size += strlen($timestamp);
+        } elseif (get_class($this) === 'Google\Protobuf\ListValue') {
+            $field = $this->desc->getField()[1];
+            if ($this->existField($field)) {
+                $field_size = $this->fieldJsonByteSize($field);
+                $size += $field_size;
+            } else {
+                // Size for "[]".
+                $size += 2;
+            }
+        } elseif (get_class($this) === 'Google\Protobuf\Struct') {
+            $field = $this->desc->getField()[1];
+            if ($this->existField($field)) {
+                $field_size = $this->fieldJsonByteSize($field);
+                $size += $field_size;
+            } else {
+                // Size for "{}".
+                $size += 2;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (!GPBUtil::hasSpecialJsonMapping($this)) {
+                // Size for "{}".
+                $size += 2;
+            }
+
+            $fields = $this->desc->getField();
+            $count = 0;
+            foreach ($fields as $field) {
+                $field_size = $this->fieldJsonByteSize($field);
+                $size += $field_size;
+                if ($field_size != 0) {
+                  $count++;
+                }
+            }
+            // size for comma
+            $size += $count > 0 ? ($count - 1) : 0;
+        }
+        return $size;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MessageBuilderContext.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MessageBuilderContext.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2724d2673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MessageBuilderContext.php
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBLabel;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\FieldDescriptor;
+
+class MessageBuilderContext
+{
+
+    private $descriptor;
+    private $pool;
+
+    public function __construct($full_name, $klass, $pool)
+    {
+        $this->descriptor = new Descriptor();
+        $this->descriptor->setFullName($full_name);
+        $this->descriptor->setClass($klass);
+        $this->pool = $pool;
+    }
+
+    private function getFieldDescriptor($name, $label, $type,
+                                      $number, $type_name = null)
+    {
+        $field = new FieldDescriptor();
+        $field->setName($name);
+        $camel_name = implode('', array_map('ucwords', explode('_', $name)));
+        $field->setGetter('get' . $camel_name);
+        $field->setSetter('set' . $camel_name);
+        $field->setType($type);
+        $field->setNumber($number);
+        $field->setLabel($label);
+
+        // At this time, the message/enum type may have not been added to pool.
+        // So we use the type name as place holder and will replace it with the
+        // actual descriptor in cross building.
+        switch ($type) {
+        case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+          $field->setMessageType($type_name);
+          break;
+        case GPBType::ENUM:
+          $field->setEnumType($type_name);
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+        }
+
+        return $field;
+    }
+
+    public function optional($name, $type, $number, $type_name = null)
+    {
+        $this->descriptor->addField($this->getFieldDescriptor(
+            $name,
+            GPBLabel::OPTIONAL,
+            $type,
+            $number,
+            $type_name));
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function repeated($name, $type, $number, $type_name = null)
+    {
+        $this->descriptor->addField($this->getFieldDescriptor(
+            $name,
+            GPBLabel::REPEATED,
+            $type,
+            $number,
+            $type_name));
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function required($name, $type, $number, $type_name = null)
+    {
+        $this->descriptor->addField($this->getFieldDescriptor(
+            $name,
+            GPBLabel::REQUIRED,
+            $type,
+            $number,
+            $type_name));
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function finalizeToPool()
+    {
+        $this->pool->addDescriptor($this->descriptor);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MessageOptions.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MessageOptions.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95bb706a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MessageOptions.php
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.MessageOptions</code>
+ */
+class MessageOptions extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Set true to use the old proto1 MessageSet wire format for extensions.
+     * This is provided for backwards-compatibility with the MessageSet wire
+     * format.  You should not use this for any other reason:  It's less
+     * efficient, has fewer features, and is more complicated.
+     * The message must be defined exactly as follows:
+     *   message Foo {
+     *     option message_set_wire_format = true;
+     *     extensions 4 to max;
+     *   }
+     * Note that the message cannot have any defined fields; MessageSets only
+     * have extensions.
+     * All extensions of your type must be singular messages; e.g. they cannot
+     * be int32s, enums, or repeated messages.
+     * Because this is an option, the above two restrictions are not enforced by
+     * the protocol compiler.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $message_set_wire_format = false;
+    private $has_message_set_wire_format = false;
+    /**
+     * Disables the generation of the standard "descriptor()" accessor, which can
+     * conflict with a field of the same name.  This is meant to make migration
+     * from proto1 easier; new code should avoid fields named "descriptor".
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor = 2 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $no_standard_descriptor_accessor = false;
+    private $has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor = false;
+    /**
+     * Is this message deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the message, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     * this is a formalization for deprecating messages.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $deprecated = false;
+    private $has_deprecated = false;
+    /**
+     * Whether the message is an automatically generated map entry type for the
+     * maps field.
+     * For maps fields:
+     *     map<KeyType, ValueType> map_field = 1;
+     * The parsed descriptor looks like:
+     *     message MapFieldEntry {
+     *         option map_entry = true;
+     *         optional KeyType key = 1;
+     *         optional ValueType value = 2;
+     *     }
+     *     repeated MapFieldEntry map_field = 1;
+     * Implementations may choose not to generate the map_entry=true message, but
+     * use a native map in the target language to hold the keys and values.
+     * The reflection APIs in such implementations still need to work as
+     * if the field is a repeated message field.
+     * NOTE: Do not set the option in .proto files. Always use the maps syntax
+     * instead. The option should only be implicitly set by the proto compiler
+     * parser.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool map_entry = 7;</code>
+     */
+    protected $map_entry = false;
+    private $has_map_entry = false;
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     */
+    private $uninterpreted_option;
+    private $has_uninterpreted_option = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type bool $message_set_wire_format
+     *           Set true to use the old proto1 MessageSet wire format for extensions.
+     *           This is provided for backwards-compatibility with the MessageSet wire
+     *           format.  You should not use this for any other reason:  It's less
+     *           efficient, has fewer features, and is more complicated.
+     *           The message must be defined exactly as follows:
+     *             message Foo {
+     *               option message_set_wire_format = true;
+     *               extensions 4 to max;
+     *             }
+     *           Note that the message cannot have any defined fields; MessageSets only
+     *           have extensions.
+     *           All extensions of your type must be singular messages; e.g. they cannot
+     *           be int32s, enums, or repeated messages.
+     *           Because this is an option, the above two restrictions are not enforced by
+     *           the protocol compiler.
+     *     @type bool $no_standard_descriptor_accessor
+     *           Disables the generation of the standard "descriptor()" accessor, which can
+     *           conflict with a field of the same name.  This is meant to make migration
+     *           from proto1 easier; new code should avoid fields named "descriptor".
+     *     @type bool $deprecated
+     *           Is this message deprecated?
+     *           Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     *           for the message, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     *           this is a formalization for deprecating messages.
+     *     @type bool $map_entry
+     *           Whether the message is an automatically generated map entry type for the
+     *           maps field.
+     *           For maps fields:
+     *               map<KeyType, ValueType> map_field = 1;
+     *           The parsed descriptor looks like:
+     *               message MapFieldEntry {
+     *                   option map_entry = true;
+     *                   optional KeyType key = 1;
+     *                   optional ValueType value = 2;
+     *               }
+     *               repeated MapFieldEntry map_field = 1;
+     *           Implementations may choose not to generate the map_entry=true message, but
+     *           use a native map in the target language to hold the keys and values.
+     *           The reflection APIs in such implementations still need to work as
+     *           if the field is a repeated message field.
+     *           NOTE: Do not set the option in .proto files. Always use the maps syntax
+     *           instead. The option should only be implicitly set by the proto compiler
+     *           parser.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $uninterpreted_option
+     *           The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set true to use the old proto1 MessageSet wire format for extensions.
+     * This is provided for backwards-compatibility with the MessageSet wire
+     * format.  You should not use this for any other reason:  It's less
+     * efficient, has fewer features, and is more complicated.
+     * The message must be defined exactly as follows:
+     *   message Foo {
+     *     option message_set_wire_format = true;
+     *     extensions 4 to max;
+     *   }
+     * Note that the message cannot have any defined fields; MessageSets only
+     * have extensions.
+     * All extensions of your type must be singular messages; e.g. they cannot
+     * be int32s, enums, or repeated messages.
+     * Because this is an option, the above two restrictions are not enforced by
+     * the protocol compiler.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getMessageSetWireFormat()
+    {
+        return $this->message_set_wire_format;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set true to use the old proto1 MessageSet wire format for extensions.
+     * This is provided for backwards-compatibility with the MessageSet wire
+     * format.  You should not use this for any other reason:  It's less
+     * efficient, has fewer features, and is more complicated.
+     * The message must be defined exactly as follows:
+     *   message Foo {
+     *     option message_set_wire_format = true;
+     *     extensions 4 to max;
+     *   }
+     * Note that the message cannot have any defined fields; MessageSets only
+     * have extensions.
+     * All extensions of your type must be singular messages; e.g. they cannot
+     * be int32s, enums, or repeated messages.
+     * Because this is an option, the above two restrictions are not enforced by
+     * the protocol compiler.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setMessageSetWireFormat($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->message_set_wire_format = $var;
+        $this->has_message_set_wire_format = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasMessageSetWireFormat()
+    {
+        return $this->has_message_set_wire_format;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disables the generation of the standard "descriptor()" accessor, which can
+     * conflict with a field of the same name.  This is meant to make migration
+     * from proto1 easier; new code should avoid fields named "descriptor".
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor = 2 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getNoStandardDescriptorAccessor()
+    {
+        return $this->no_standard_descriptor_accessor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disables the generation of the standard "descriptor()" accessor, which can
+     * conflict with a field of the same name.  This is meant to make migration
+     * from proto1 easier; new code should avoid fields named "descriptor".
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor = 2 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setNoStandardDescriptorAccessor($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->no_standard_descriptor_accessor = $var;
+        $this->has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasNoStandardDescriptorAccessor()
+    {
+        return $this->has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this message deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the message, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     * this is a formalization for deprecating messages.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getDeprecated()
+    {
+        return $this->deprecated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this message deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the message, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     * this is a formalization for deprecating messages.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setDeprecated($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->deprecated = $var;
+        $this->has_deprecated = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasDeprecated()
+    {
+        return $this->has_deprecated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the message is an automatically generated map entry type for the
+     * maps field.
+     * For maps fields:
+     *     map<KeyType, ValueType> map_field = 1;
+     * The parsed descriptor looks like:
+     *     message MapFieldEntry {
+     *         option map_entry = true;
+     *         optional KeyType key = 1;
+     *         optional ValueType value = 2;
+     *     }
+     *     repeated MapFieldEntry map_field = 1;
+     * Implementations may choose not to generate the map_entry=true message, but
+     * use a native map in the target language to hold the keys and values.
+     * The reflection APIs in such implementations still need to work as
+     * if the field is a repeated message field.
+     * NOTE: Do not set the option in .proto files. Always use the maps syntax
+     * instead. The option should only be implicitly set by the proto compiler
+     * parser.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool map_entry = 7;</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getMapEntry()
+    {
+        return $this->map_entry;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the message is an automatically generated map entry type for the
+     * maps field.
+     * For maps fields:
+     *     map<KeyType, ValueType> map_field = 1;
+     * The parsed descriptor looks like:
+     *     message MapFieldEntry {
+     *         option map_entry = true;
+     *         optional KeyType key = 1;
+     *         optional ValueType value = 2;
+     *     }
+     *     repeated MapFieldEntry map_field = 1;
+     * Implementations may choose not to generate the map_entry=true message, but
+     * use a native map in the target language to hold the keys and values.
+     * The reflection APIs in such implementations still need to work as
+     * if the field is a repeated message field.
+     * NOTE: Do not set the option in .proto files. Always use the maps syntax
+     * instead. The option should only be implicitly set by the proto compiler
+     * parser.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool map_entry = 7;</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setMapEntry($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->map_entry = $var;
+        $this->has_map_entry = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasMapEntry()
+    {
+        return $this->has_map_entry;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setUninterpretedOption($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption::class);
+        $this->uninterpreted_option = $arr;
+        $this->has_uninterpreted_option = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->has_uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MethodDescriptorProto.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MethodDescriptorProto.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f40f20f0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MethodDescriptorProto.php
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Describes a method of a service.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto</code>
+ */
+class MethodDescriptorProto extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    protected $name = '';
+    private $has_name = false;
+    /**
+     * Input and output type names.  These are resolved in the same way as
+     * FieldDescriptorProto.type_name, but must refer to a message type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string input_type = 2;</code>
+     */
+    protected $input_type = '';
+    private $has_input_type = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string output_type = 3;</code>
+     */
+    protected $output_type = '';
+    private $has_output_type = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions options = 4;</code>
+     */
+    protected $options = null;
+    private $has_options = false;
+    /**
+     * Identifies if client streams multiple client messages
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool client_streaming = 5 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $client_streaming = false;
+    private $has_client_streaming = false;
+    /**
+     * Identifies if server streams multiple server messages
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool server_streaming = 6 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $server_streaming = false;
+    private $has_server_streaming = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *     @type string $input_type
+     *           Input and output type names.  These are resolved in the same way as
+     *           FieldDescriptorProto.type_name, but must refer to a message type.
+     *     @type string $output_type
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MethodOptions $options
+     *     @type bool $client_streaming
+     *           Identifies if client streams multiple client messages
+     *     @type bool $server_streaming
+     *           Identifies if server streams multiple server messages
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+        $this->has_name = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasName()
+    {
+        return $this->has_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Input and output type names.  These are resolved in the same way as
+     * FieldDescriptorProto.type_name, but must refer to a message type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string input_type = 2;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getInputType()
+    {
+        return $this->input_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Input and output type names.  These are resolved in the same way as
+     * FieldDescriptorProto.type_name, but must refer to a message type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string input_type = 2;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setInputType($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->input_type = $var;
+        $this->has_input_type = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasInputType()
+    {
+        return $this->has_input_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string output_type = 3;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getOutputType()
+    {
+        return $this->output_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string output_type = 3;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOutputType($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->output_type = $var;
+        $this->has_output_type = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasOutputType()
+    {
+        return $this->has_output_type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions options = 4;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MethodOptions
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions options = 4;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MethodOptions $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MethodOptions::class);
+        $this->options = $var;
+        $this->has_options = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->has_options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies if client streams multiple client messages
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool client_streaming = 5 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getClientStreaming()
+    {
+        return $this->client_streaming;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies if client streams multiple client messages
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool client_streaming = 5 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setClientStreaming($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->client_streaming = $var;
+        $this->has_client_streaming = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasClientStreaming()
+    {
+        return $this->has_client_streaming;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies if server streams multiple server messages
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool server_streaming = 6 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getServerStreaming()
+    {
+        return $this->server_streaming;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies if server streams multiple server messages
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool server_streaming = 6 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setServerStreaming($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->server_streaming = $var;
+        $this->has_server_streaming = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasServerStreaming()
+    {
+        return $this->has_server_streaming;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MethodOptions.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MethodOptions.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a4c92de5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MethodOptions.php
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.MethodOptions</code>
+ */
+class MethodOptions extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Is this method deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the method, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     * this is a formalization for deprecating methods.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $deprecated = false;
+    private $has_deprecated = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions.IdempotencyLevel idempotency_level = 34 [default = IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN];</code>
+     */
+    protected $idempotency_level = 0;
+    private $has_idempotency_level = false;
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     */
+    private $uninterpreted_option;
+    private $has_uninterpreted_option = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type bool $deprecated
+     *           Is this method deprecated?
+     *           Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     *           for the method, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     *           this is a formalization for deprecating methods.
+     *     @type int $idempotency_level
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $uninterpreted_option
+     *           The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this method deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the method, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     * this is a formalization for deprecating methods.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getDeprecated()
+    {
+        return $this->deprecated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this method deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the method, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     * this is a formalization for deprecating methods.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setDeprecated($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->deprecated = $var;
+        $this->has_deprecated = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasDeprecated()
+    {
+        return $this->has_deprecated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions.IdempotencyLevel idempotency_level = 34 [default = IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN];</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getIdempotencyLevel()
+    {
+        return $this->idempotency_level;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions.IdempotencyLevel idempotency_level = 34 [default = IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN];</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setIdempotencyLevel($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel::class);
+        $this->idempotency_level = $var;
+        $this->has_idempotency_level = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasIdempotencyLevel()
+    {
+        return $this->has_idempotency_level;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setUninterpretedOption($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption::class);
+        $this->uninterpreted_option = $arr;
+        $this->has_uninterpreted_option = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->has_uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MethodOptions/IdempotencyLevel.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MethodOptions/IdempotencyLevel.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce3c062c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MethodOptions/IdempotencyLevel.php
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal\MethodOptions;
+
+use UnexpectedValueException;
+
+/**
+ * Is this method side-effect-free (or safe in HTTP parlance), or idempotent,
+ * or neither? HTTP based RPC implementation may choose GET verb for safe
+ * methods, and PUT verb for idempotent methods instead of the default POST.
+ *
+ * Protobuf type <code>google.protobuf.MethodOptions.IdempotencyLevel</code>
+ */
+class IdempotencyLevel
+{
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN = 0;</code>
+     */
+    const IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN = 0;
+    /**
+     * implies idempotent
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>NO_SIDE_EFFECTS = 1;</code>
+     */
+    const NO_SIDE_EFFECTS = 1;
+    /**
+     * idempotent, but may have side effects
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>IDEMPOTENT = 2;</code>
+     */
+    const IDEMPOTENT = 2;
+
+    private static $valueToName = [
+        self::IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN => 'IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN',
+        self::NO_SIDE_EFFECTS => 'NO_SIDE_EFFECTS',
+        self::IDEMPOTENT => 'IDEMPOTENT',
+    ];
+
+    public static function name($value)
+    {
+        if (!isset(self::$valueToName[$value])) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no name defined for value %s', __CLASS__, $value));
+        }
+        return self::$valueToName[$value];
+    }
+
+
+    public static function value($name)
+    {
+        $const = __CLASS__ . '::' . strtoupper($name);
+        if (!defined($const)) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no value defined for name %s', __CLASS__, $name));
+        }
+        return constant($const);
+    }
+}
+
+// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
+class_alias(IdempotencyLevel::class, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel::class);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a29131145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+if (false) {
+    /**
+     * This class is deprecated. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\MethodOptions\IdempotencyLevel instead.
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    class MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel {}
+}
+class_exists(MethodOptions\IdempotencyLevel::class);
+@trigger_error('Google\Protobuf\Internal\MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel is deprecated and will be removed in the next major release. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\MethodOptions\IdempotencyLevel instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/OneofDescriptor.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/OneofDescriptor.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67b107f6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/OneofDescriptor.php
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+class OneofDescriptor
+{
+    use HasPublicDescriptorTrait;
+
+    private $name;
+    private $fields;
+
+    public function __construct()
+    {
+        $this->public_desc = new \Google\Protobuf\OneofDescriptor($this);
+    }
+
+    public function setName($name)
+    {
+        $this->name = $name;
+    }
+
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    public function addField(FieldDescriptor $field)
+    {
+        $this->fields[] = $field;
+    }
+
+    public function getFields()
+    {
+        return $this->fields;
+    }
+
+    public static function buildFromProto($oneof_proto, $desc, $index)
+    {
+        $oneof = new OneofDescriptor();
+        $oneof->setName($oneof_proto->getName());
+        foreach ($desc->getField() as $field) {
+            if ($field->getOneofIndex() == $index) {
+                $oneof->addField($field);
+            }
+        }
+        return $oneof;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/OneofDescriptorProto.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/OneofDescriptorProto.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..413b8e55e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/OneofDescriptorProto.php
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Describes a oneof.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto</code>
+ */
+class OneofDescriptorProto extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    protected $name = '';
+    private $has_name = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.OneofOptions options = 2;</code>
+     */
+    protected $options = null;
+    private $has_options = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\OneofOptions $options
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+        $this->has_name = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasName()
+    {
+        return $this->has_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.OneofOptions options = 2;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\OneofOptions
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.OneofOptions options = 2;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\OneofOptions $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\OneofOptions::class);
+        $this->options = $var;
+        $this->has_options = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->has_options;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/OneofField.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/OneofField.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c689e836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/OneofField.php
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+class OneofField
+{
+
+    private $desc;
+    private $field_name;
+    private $number = 0;
+    private $value;
+
+    public function __construct($desc)
+    {
+        $this->desc = $desc;
+    }
+
+    public function setValue($value)
+    {
+        $this->value = $value;
+    }
+
+    public function getValue()
+    {
+        return $this->value;
+    }
+
+    public function setFieldName($field_name)
+    {
+        $this->field_name = $field_name;
+    }
+
+    public function getFieldName()
+    {
+        return $this->field_name;
+    }
+
+    public function setNumber($number)
+    {
+        $this->number = $number;
+    }
+
+    public function getNumber()
+    {
+        return $this->number;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/OneofOptions.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/OneofOptions.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46b516f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/OneofOptions.php
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.OneofOptions</code>
+ */
+class OneofOptions extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     */
+    private $uninterpreted_option;
+    private $has_uninterpreted_option = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $uninterpreted_option
+     *           The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setUninterpretedOption($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption::class);
+        $this->uninterpreted_option = $arr;
+        $this->has_uninterpreted_option = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->has_uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/RawInputStream.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/RawInputStream.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e7ed5cb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/RawInputStream.php
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+class RawInputStream
+{
+
+    private $buffer;
+
+    public function __construct($buffer)
+    {
+        $this->buffer = $buffer;
+    }
+
+    public function getData()
+    {
+        return $this->buffer;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/RepeatedField.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/RepeatedField.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec7a3a6d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/RepeatedField.php
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * RepeatedField and RepeatedFieldIter are used by generated protocol message
+ * classes to manipulate repeated fields.
+ */
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * RepeatedField is used by generated protocol message classes to manipulate
+ * repeated fields. It can be used like native PHP array.
+ */
+class RepeatedField implements \ArrayAccess, \IteratorAggregate, \Countable
+{
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private $container;
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private $type;
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private $klass;
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private $legacy_klass;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance of RepeatedField.
+     *
+     * @param long $type Type of the stored element.
+     * @param string $klass Message/Enum class name (message/enum fields only).
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function __construct($type, $klass = null)
+    {
+        $this->container = [];
+        $this->type = $type;
+        if ($this->type == GPBType::MESSAGE) {
+            $pool = DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+            $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName($klass);
+            if ($desc == NULL) {
+                new $klass;  // No msg class instance has been created before.
+                $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName($klass);
+            }
+            $this->klass = $desc->getClass();
+            $this->legacy_klass = $desc->getLegacyClass();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function getType()
+    {
+        return $this->type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function getClass()
+    {
+        return $this->klass;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function getLegacyClass()
+    {
+        return $this->legacy_klass;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the element at the given index.
+     *
+     * This will also be called for: $ele = $arr[0]
+     *
+     * @param long $offset The index of the element to be fetched.
+     * @return object The stored element at given index.
+     * @throws \ErrorException Invalid type for index.
+     * @throws \ErrorException Non-existing index.
+     */
+    public function offsetGet($offset)
+    {
+        return $this->container[$offset];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assign the element at the given index.
+     *
+     * This will also be called for: $arr []= $ele and $arr[0] = ele
+     *
+     * @param long $offset The index of the element to be assigned.
+     * @param object $value The element to be assigned.
+     * @return void
+     * @throws \ErrorException Invalid type for index.
+     * @throws \ErrorException Non-existing index.
+     * @throws \ErrorException Incorrect type of the element.
+     */
+    public function offsetSet($offset, $value)
+    {
+        switch ($this->type) {
+            case GPBType::SFIXED32:
+            case GPBType::SINT32:
+            case GPBType::INT32:
+            case GPBType::ENUM:
+                GPBUtil::checkInt32($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FIXED32:
+            case GPBType::UINT32:
+                GPBUtil::checkUint32($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::SFIXED64:
+            case GPBType::SINT64:
+            case GPBType::INT64:
+                GPBUtil::checkInt64($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FIXED64:
+            case GPBType::UINT64:
+                GPBUtil::checkUint64($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::FLOAT:
+                GPBUtil::checkFloat($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::DOUBLE:
+                GPBUtil::checkDouble($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::BOOL:
+                GPBUtil::checkBool($value);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::BYTES:
+                GPBUtil::checkString($value, false);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::STRING:
+                GPBUtil::checkString($value, true);
+                break;
+            case GPBType::MESSAGE:
+                if (is_null($value)) {
+                  trigger_error("RepeatedField element cannot be null.",
+                                E_USER_ERROR);
+                }
+                GPBUtil::checkMessage($value, $this->klass);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        if (is_null($offset)) {
+            $this->container[] = $value;
+        } else {
+            $count = count($this->container);
+            if (!is_numeric($offset) || $offset < 0 || $offset >= $count) {
+                trigger_error(
+                    "Cannot modify element at the given index",
+                    E_USER_ERROR);
+                return;
+            }
+            $this->container[$offset] = $value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove the element at the given index.
+     *
+     * This will also be called for: unset($arr)
+     *
+     * @param long $offset The index of the element to be removed.
+     * @return void
+     * @throws \ErrorException Invalid type for index.
+     * @throws \ErrorException The element to be removed is not at the end of the
+     * RepeatedField.
+     */
+    public function offsetUnset($offset)
+    {
+        $count = count($this->container);
+        if (!is_numeric($offset) || $count === 0 || $offset !== $count - 1) {
+            trigger_error(
+                "Cannot remove element at the given index",
+                E_USER_ERROR);
+            return;
+        }
+        array_pop($this->container);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check the existence of the element at the given index.
+     *
+     * This will also be called for: isset($arr)
+     *
+     * @param long $offset The index of the element to be removed.
+     * @return bool True if the element at the given offset exists.
+     * @throws \ErrorException Invalid type for index.
+     */
+    public function offsetExists($offset)
+    {
+        return isset($this->container[$offset]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function getIterator()
+    {
+        return new RepeatedFieldIter($this->container);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the number of stored elements.
+     *
+     * This will also be called for: count($arr)
+     *
+     * @return integer The number of stored elements.
+     */
+    public function count()
+    {
+        return count($this->container);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/RepeatedFieldIter.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/RepeatedFieldIter.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b6f82309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/RepeatedFieldIter.php
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+/**
+ * RepeatedField and RepeatedFieldIter are used by generated protocol message
+ * classes to manipulate repeated fields.
+ */
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+/**
+ * RepeatedFieldIter is used to iterate RepeatedField. It is also need for the
+ * foreach syntax.
+ */
+class RepeatedFieldIter implements \Iterator
+{
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private $position;
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    private $container;
+
+    /**
+     * Create iterator instance for RepeatedField.
+     *
+     * @param RepeatedField The RepeatedField instance for which this iterator
+     * is created.
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    public function __construct($container)
+    {
+        $this->position = 0;
+        $this->container = $container;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset the status of the iterator
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function rewind()
+    {
+        $this->position = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the element at the current position.
+     *
+     * @return object The element at the current position.
+     */
+    public function current()
+    {
+        return $this->container[$this->position];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the current position.
+     *
+     * @return integer The current position.
+     */
+    public function key()
+    {
+        return $this->position;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Move to the next position.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function next()
+    {
+        ++$this->position;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether there are more elements to iterate.
+     *
+     * @return bool True if there are more elements to iterate.
+     */
+    public function valid()
+    {
+        return isset($this->container[$this->position]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/ServiceDescriptorProto.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/ServiceDescriptorProto.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aaeefbc9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/ServiceDescriptorProto.php
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Describes a service.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto</code>
+ */
+class ServiceDescriptorProto extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    protected $name = '';
+    private $has_name = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $method;
+    private $has_method = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.ServiceOptions options = 3;</code>
+     */
+    protected $options = null;
+    private $has_options = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MethodDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $method
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\ServiceOptions $options
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+        $this->has_name = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasName()
+    {
+        return $this->has_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getMethod()
+    {
+        return $this->method;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MethodDescriptorProto[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setMethod($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MethodDescriptorProto::class);
+        $this->method = $arr;
+        $this->has_method = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasMethod()
+    {
+        return $this->has_method;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.ServiceOptions options = 3;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\ServiceOptions
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional .google.protobuf.ServiceOptions options = 3;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\ServiceOptions $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\ServiceOptions::class);
+        $this->options = $var;
+        $this->has_options = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->has_options;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/ServiceOptions.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/ServiceOptions.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0581efbaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/ServiceOptions.php
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.ServiceOptions</code>
+ */
+class ServiceOptions extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Is this service deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the service, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     * this is a formalization for deprecating services.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];</code>
+     */
+    protected $deprecated = false;
+    private $has_deprecated = false;
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     */
+    private $uninterpreted_option;
+    private $has_uninterpreted_option = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type bool $deprecated
+     *           Is this service deprecated?
+     *           Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     *           for the service, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     *           this is a formalization for deprecating services.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $uninterpreted_option
+     *           The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this service deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the service, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     * this is a formalization for deprecating services.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getDeprecated()
+    {
+        return $this->deprecated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this service deprecated?
+     * Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+     * for the service, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+     * this is a formalization for deprecating services.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setDeprecated($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->deprecated = $var;
+        $this->has_deprecated = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasDeprecated()
+    {
+        return $this->has_deprecated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setUninterpretedOption($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption::class);
+        $this->uninterpreted_option = $arr;
+        $this->has_uninterpreted_option = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasUninterpretedOption()
+    {
+        return $this->has_uninterpreted_option;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/SourceCodeInfo.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/SourceCodeInfo.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfeb69ff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/SourceCodeInfo.php
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Encapsulates information about the original source file from which a
+ * FileDescriptorProto was generated.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo</code>
+ */
+class SourceCodeInfo extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * A Location identifies a piece of source code in a .proto file which
+     * corresponds to a particular definition.  This information is intended
+     * to be useful to IDEs, code indexers, documentation generators, and similar
+     * tools.
+     * For example, say we have a file like:
+     *   message Foo {
+     *     optional string foo = 1;
+     *   }
+     * Let's look at just the field definition:
+     *   optional string foo = 1;
+     *   ^       ^^     ^^  ^  ^^^
+     *   a       bc     de  f  ghi
+     * We have the following locations:
+     *   span   path               represents
+     *   [a,i)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0 ]     The whole field definition.
+     *   [a,b)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 4 ]  The label (optional).
+     *   [c,d)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 5 ]  The type (string).
+     *   [e,f)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 1 ]  The name (foo).
+     *   [g,h)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 3 ]  The number (1).
+     * Notes:
+     * - A location may refer to a repeated field itself (i.e. not to any
+     *   particular index within it).  This is used whenever a set of elements are
+     *   logically enclosed in a single code segment.  For example, an entire
+     *   extend block (possibly containing multiple extension definitions) will
+     *   have an outer location whose path refers to the "extensions" repeated
+     *   field without an index.
+     * - Multiple locations may have the same path.  This happens when a single
+     *   logical declaration is spread out across multiple places.  The most
+     *   obvious example is the "extend" block again -- there may be multiple
+     *   extend blocks in the same scope, each of which will have the same path.
+     * - A location's span is not always a subset of its parent's span.  For
+     *   example, the "extendee" of an extension declaration appears at the
+     *   beginning of the "extend" block and is shared by all extensions within
+     *   the block.
+     * - Just because a location's span is a subset of some other location's span
+     *   does not mean that it is a descendant.  For example, a "group" defines
+     *   both a type and a field in a single declaration.  Thus, the locations
+     *   corresponding to the type and field and their components will overlap.
+     * - Code which tries to interpret locations should probably be designed to
+     *   ignore those that it doesn't understand, as more types of locations could
+     *   be recorded in the future.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location location = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $location;
+    private $has_location = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\SourceCodeInfo\Location[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $location
+     *           A Location identifies a piece of source code in a .proto file which
+     *           corresponds to a particular definition.  This information is intended
+     *           to be useful to IDEs, code indexers, documentation generators, and similar
+     *           tools.
+     *           For example, say we have a file like:
+     *             message Foo {
+     *               optional string foo = 1;
+     *             }
+     *           Let's look at just the field definition:
+     *             optional string foo = 1;
+     *             ^       ^^     ^^  ^  ^^^
+     *             a       bc     de  f  ghi
+     *           We have the following locations:
+     *             span   path               represents
+     *             [a,i)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0 ]     The whole field definition.
+     *             [a,b)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 4 ]  The label (optional).
+     *             [c,d)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 5 ]  The type (string).
+     *             [e,f)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 1 ]  The name (foo).
+     *             [g,h)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 3 ]  The number (1).
+     *           Notes:
+     *           - A location may refer to a repeated field itself (i.e. not to any
+     *             particular index within it).  This is used whenever a set of elements are
+     *             logically enclosed in a single code segment.  For example, an entire
+     *             extend block (possibly containing multiple extension definitions) will
+     *             have an outer location whose path refers to the "extensions" repeated
+     *             field without an index.
+     *           - Multiple locations may have the same path.  This happens when a single
+     *             logical declaration is spread out across multiple places.  The most
+     *             obvious example is the "extend" block again -- there may be multiple
+     *             extend blocks in the same scope, each of which will have the same path.
+     *           - A location's span is not always a subset of its parent's span.  For
+     *             example, the "extendee" of an extension declaration appears at the
+     *             beginning of the "extend" block and is shared by all extensions within
+     *             the block.
+     *           - Just because a location's span is a subset of some other location's span
+     *             does not mean that it is a descendant.  For example, a "group" defines
+     *             both a type and a field in a single declaration.  Thus, the locations
+     *             corresponding to the type and field and their components will overlap.
+     *           - Code which tries to interpret locations should probably be designed to
+     *             ignore those that it doesn't understand, as more types of locations could
+     *             be recorded in the future.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A Location identifies a piece of source code in a .proto file which
+     * corresponds to a particular definition.  This information is intended
+     * to be useful to IDEs, code indexers, documentation generators, and similar
+     * tools.
+     * For example, say we have a file like:
+     *   message Foo {
+     *     optional string foo = 1;
+     *   }
+     * Let's look at just the field definition:
+     *   optional string foo = 1;
+     *   ^       ^^     ^^  ^  ^^^
+     *   a       bc     de  f  ghi
+     * We have the following locations:
+     *   span   path               represents
+     *   [a,i)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0 ]     The whole field definition.
+     *   [a,b)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 4 ]  The label (optional).
+     *   [c,d)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 5 ]  The type (string).
+     *   [e,f)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 1 ]  The name (foo).
+     *   [g,h)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 3 ]  The number (1).
+     * Notes:
+     * - A location may refer to a repeated field itself (i.e. not to any
+     *   particular index within it).  This is used whenever a set of elements are
+     *   logically enclosed in a single code segment.  For example, an entire
+     *   extend block (possibly containing multiple extension definitions) will
+     *   have an outer location whose path refers to the "extensions" repeated
+     *   field without an index.
+     * - Multiple locations may have the same path.  This happens when a single
+     *   logical declaration is spread out across multiple places.  The most
+     *   obvious example is the "extend" block again -- there may be multiple
+     *   extend blocks in the same scope, each of which will have the same path.
+     * - A location's span is not always a subset of its parent's span.  For
+     *   example, the "extendee" of an extension declaration appears at the
+     *   beginning of the "extend" block and is shared by all extensions within
+     *   the block.
+     * - Just because a location's span is a subset of some other location's span
+     *   does not mean that it is a descendant.  For example, a "group" defines
+     *   both a type and a field in a single declaration.  Thus, the locations
+     *   corresponding to the type and field and their components will overlap.
+     * - Code which tries to interpret locations should probably be designed to
+     *   ignore those that it doesn't understand, as more types of locations could
+     *   be recorded in the future.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location location = 1;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getLocation()
+    {
+        return $this->location;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A Location identifies a piece of source code in a .proto file which
+     * corresponds to a particular definition.  This information is intended
+     * to be useful to IDEs, code indexers, documentation generators, and similar
+     * tools.
+     * For example, say we have a file like:
+     *   message Foo {
+     *     optional string foo = 1;
+     *   }
+     * Let's look at just the field definition:
+     *   optional string foo = 1;
+     *   ^       ^^     ^^  ^  ^^^
+     *   a       bc     de  f  ghi
+     * We have the following locations:
+     *   span   path               represents
+     *   [a,i)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0 ]     The whole field definition.
+     *   [a,b)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 4 ]  The label (optional).
+     *   [c,d)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 5 ]  The type (string).
+     *   [e,f)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 1 ]  The name (foo).
+     *   [g,h)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 3 ]  The number (1).
+     * Notes:
+     * - A location may refer to a repeated field itself (i.e. not to any
+     *   particular index within it).  This is used whenever a set of elements are
+     *   logically enclosed in a single code segment.  For example, an entire
+     *   extend block (possibly containing multiple extension definitions) will
+     *   have an outer location whose path refers to the "extensions" repeated
+     *   field without an index.
+     * - Multiple locations may have the same path.  This happens when a single
+     *   logical declaration is spread out across multiple places.  The most
+     *   obvious example is the "extend" block again -- there may be multiple
+     *   extend blocks in the same scope, each of which will have the same path.
+     * - A location's span is not always a subset of its parent's span.  For
+     *   example, the "extendee" of an extension declaration appears at the
+     *   beginning of the "extend" block and is shared by all extensions within
+     *   the block.
+     * - Just because a location's span is a subset of some other location's span
+     *   does not mean that it is a descendant.  For example, a "group" defines
+     *   both a type and a field in a single declaration.  Thus, the locations
+     *   corresponding to the type and field and their components will overlap.
+     * - Code which tries to interpret locations should probably be designed to
+     *   ignore those that it doesn't understand, as more types of locations could
+     *   be recorded in the future.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location location = 1;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\SourceCodeInfo\Location[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setLocation($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\SourceCodeInfo\Location::class);
+        $this->location = $arr;
+        $this->has_location = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasLocation()
+    {
+        return $this->has_location;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/SourceCodeInfo/Location.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/SourceCodeInfo/Location.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0aeea61ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/SourceCodeInfo/Location.php
@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal\SourceCodeInfo;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location</code>
+ */
+class Location extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Identifies which part of the FileDescriptorProto was defined at this
+     * location.
+     * Each element is a field number or an index.  They form a path from
+     * the root FileDescriptorProto to the place where the definition.  For
+     * example, this path:
+     *   [ 4, 3, 2, 7, 1 ]
+     * refers to:
+     *   file.message_type(3)  // 4, 3
+     *       .field(7)         // 2, 7
+     *       .name()           // 1
+     * This is because FileDescriptorProto.message_type has field number 4:
+     *   repeated DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+     * and DescriptorProto.field has field number 2:
+     *   repeated FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+     * and FieldDescriptorProto.name has field number 1:
+     *   optional string name = 1;
+     * Thus, the above path gives the location of a field name.  If we removed
+     * the last element:
+     *   [ 4, 3, 2, 7 ]
+     * this path refers to the whole field declaration (from the beginning
+     * of the label to the terminating semicolon).
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];</code>
+     */
+    private $path;
+    private $has_path = false;
+    /**
+     * Always has exactly three or four elements: start line, start column,
+     * end line (optional, otherwise assumed same as start line), end column.
+     * These are packed into a single field for efficiency.  Note that line
+     * and column numbers are zero-based -- typically you will want to add
+     * 1 to each before displaying to a user.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 span = 2 [packed = true];</code>
+     */
+    private $span;
+    private $has_span = false;
+    /**
+     * If this SourceCodeInfo represents a complete declaration, these are any
+     * comments appearing before and after the declaration which appear to be
+     * attached to the declaration.
+     * A series of line comments appearing on consecutive lines, with no other
+     * tokens appearing on those lines, will be treated as a single comment.
+     * leading_detached_comments will keep paragraphs of comments that appear
+     * before (but not connected to) the current element. Each paragraph,
+     * separated by empty lines, will be one comment element in the repeated
+     * field.
+     * Only the comment content is provided; comment markers (e.g. //) are
+     * stripped out.  For block comments, leading whitespace and an asterisk
+     * will be stripped from the beginning of each line other than the first.
+     * Newlines are included in the output.
+     * Examples:
+     *   optional int32 foo = 1;  // Comment attached to foo.
+     *   // Comment attached to bar.
+     *   optional int32 bar = 2;
+     *   optional string baz = 3;
+     *   // Comment attached to baz.
+     *   // Another line attached to baz.
+     *   // Comment attached to qux.
+     *   //
+     *   // Another line attached to qux.
+     *   optional double qux = 4;
+     *   // Detached comment for corge. This is not leading or trailing comments
+     *   // to qux or corge because there are blank lines separating it from
+     *   // both.
+     *   // Detached comment for corge paragraph 2.
+     *   optional string corge = 5;
+     *   /&#42; Block comment attached
+     *    * to corge.  Leading asterisks
+     *    * will be removed. *&#47;
+     *   /&#42; Block comment attached to
+     *    * grault. *&#47;
+     *   optional int32 grault = 6;
+     *   // ignored detached comments.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string leading_comments = 3;</code>
+     */
+    protected $leading_comments = '';
+    private $has_leading_comments = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string trailing_comments = 4;</code>
+     */
+    protected $trailing_comments = '';
+    private $has_trailing_comments = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;</code>
+     */
+    private $leading_detached_comments;
+    private $has_leading_detached_comments = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type int[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $path
+     *           Identifies which part of the FileDescriptorProto was defined at this
+     *           location.
+     *           Each element is a field number or an index.  They form a path from
+     *           the root FileDescriptorProto to the place where the definition.  For
+     *           example, this path:
+     *             [ 4, 3, 2, 7, 1 ]
+     *           refers to:
+     *             file.message_type(3)  // 4, 3
+     *                 .field(7)         // 2, 7
+     *                 .name()           // 1
+     *           This is because FileDescriptorProto.message_type has field number 4:
+     *             repeated DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+     *           and DescriptorProto.field has field number 2:
+     *             repeated FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+     *           and FieldDescriptorProto.name has field number 1:
+     *             optional string name = 1;
+     *           Thus, the above path gives the location of a field name.  If we removed
+     *           the last element:
+     *             [ 4, 3, 2, 7 ]
+     *           this path refers to the whole field declaration (from the beginning
+     *           of the label to the terminating semicolon).
+     *     @type int[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $span
+     *           Always has exactly three or four elements: start line, start column,
+     *           end line (optional, otherwise assumed same as start line), end column.
+     *           These are packed into a single field for efficiency.  Note that line
+     *           and column numbers are zero-based -- typically you will want to add
+     *           1 to each before displaying to a user.
+     *     @type string $leading_comments
+     *           If this SourceCodeInfo represents a complete declaration, these are any
+     *           comments appearing before and after the declaration which appear to be
+     *           attached to the declaration.
+     *           A series of line comments appearing on consecutive lines, with no other
+     *           tokens appearing on those lines, will be treated as a single comment.
+     *           leading_detached_comments will keep paragraphs of comments that appear
+     *           before (but not connected to) the current element. Each paragraph,
+     *           separated by empty lines, will be one comment element in the repeated
+     *           field.
+     *           Only the comment content is provided; comment markers (e.g. //) are
+     *           stripped out.  For block comments, leading whitespace and an asterisk
+     *           will be stripped from the beginning of each line other than the first.
+     *           Newlines are included in the output.
+     *           Examples:
+     *             optional int32 foo = 1;  // Comment attached to foo.
+     *             // Comment attached to bar.
+     *             optional int32 bar = 2;
+     *             optional string baz = 3;
+     *             // Comment attached to baz.
+     *             // Another line attached to baz.
+     *             // Comment attached to qux.
+     *             //
+     *             // Another line attached to qux.
+     *             optional double qux = 4;
+     *             // Detached comment for corge. This is not leading or trailing comments
+     *             // to qux or corge because there are blank lines separating it from
+     *             // both.
+     *             // Detached comment for corge paragraph 2.
+     *             optional string corge = 5;
+     *             /&#42; Block comment attached
+     *              * to corge.  Leading asterisks
+     *              * will be removed. *&#47;
+     *             /&#42; Block comment attached to
+     *              * grault. *&#47;
+     *             optional int32 grault = 6;
+     *             // ignored detached comments.
+     *     @type string $trailing_comments
+     *     @type string[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $leading_detached_comments
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies which part of the FileDescriptorProto was defined at this
+     * location.
+     * Each element is a field number or an index.  They form a path from
+     * the root FileDescriptorProto to the place where the definition.  For
+     * example, this path:
+     *   [ 4, 3, 2, 7, 1 ]
+     * refers to:
+     *   file.message_type(3)  // 4, 3
+     *       .field(7)         // 2, 7
+     *       .name()           // 1
+     * This is because FileDescriptorProto.message_type has field number 4:
+     *   repeated DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+     * and DescriptorProto.field has field number 2:
+     *   repeated FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+     * and FieldDescriptorProto.name has field number 1:
+     *   optional string name = 1;
+     * Thus, the above path gives the location of a field name.  If we removed
+     * the last element:
+     *   [ 4, 3, 2, 7 ]
+     * this path refers to the whole field declaration (from the beginning
+     * of the label to the terminating semicolon).
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getPath()
+    {
+        return $this->path;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies which part of the FileDescriptorProto was defined at this
+     * location.
+     * Each element is a field number or an index.  They form a path from
+     * the root FileDescriptorProto to the place where the definition.  For
+     * example, this path:
+     *   [ 4, 3, 2, 7, 1 ]
+     * refers to:
+     *   file.message_type(3)  // 4, 3
+     *       .field(7)         // 2, 7
+     *       .name()           // 1
+     * This is because FileDescriptorProto.message_type has field number 4:
+     *   repeated DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+     * and DescriptorProto.field has field number 2:
+     *   repeated FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+     * and FieldDescriptorProto.name has field number 1:
+     *   optional string name = 1;
+     * Thus, the above path gives the location of a field name.  If we removed
+     * the last element:
+     *   [ 4, 3, 2, 7 ]
+     * this path refers to the whole field declaration (from the beginning
+     * of the label to the terminating semicolon).
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];</code>
+     * @param int[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setPath($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::INT32);
+        $this->path = $arr;
+        $this->has_path = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasPath()
+    {
+        return $this->has_path;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Always has exactly three or four elements: start line, start column,
+     * end line (optional, otherwise assumed same as start line), end column.
+     * These are packed into a single field for efficiency.  Note that line
+     * and column numbers are zero-based -- typically you will want to add
+     * 1 to each before displaying to a user.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 span = 2 [packed = true];</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getSpan()
+    {
+        return $this->span;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Always has exactly three or four elements: start line, start column,
+     * end line (optional, otherwise assumed same as start line), end column.
+     * These are packed into a single field for efficiency.  Note that line
+     * and column numbers are zero-based -- typically you will want to add
+     * 1 to each before displaying to a user.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated int32 span = 2 [packed = true];</code>
+     * @param int[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setSpan($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::INT32);
+        $this->span = $arr;
+        $this->has_span = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasSpan()
+    {
+        return $this->has_span;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If this SourceCodeInfo represents a complete declaration, these are any
+     * comments appearing before and after the declaration which appear to be
+     * attached to the declaration.
+     * A series of line comments appearing on consecutive lines, with no other
+     * tokens appearing on those lines, will be treated as a single comment.
+     * leading_detached_comments will keep paragraphs of comments that appear
+     * before (but not connected to) the current element. Each paragraph,
+     * separated by empty lines, will be one comment element in the repeated
+     * field.
+     * Only the comment content is provided; comment markers (e.g. //) are
+     * stripped out.  For block comments, leading whitespace and an asterisk
+     * will be stripped from the beginning of each line other than the first.
+     * Newlines are included in the output.
+     * Examples:
+     *   optional int32 foo = 1;  // Comment attached to foo.
+     *   // Comment attached to bar.
+     *   optional int32 bar = 2;
+     *   optional string baz = 3;
+     *   // Comment attached to baz.
+     *   // Another line attached to baz.
+     *   // Comment attached to qux.
+     *   //
+     *   // Another line attached to qux.
+     *   optional double qux = 4;
+     *   // Detached comment for corge. This is not leading or trailing comments
+     *   // to qux or corge because there are blank lines separating it from
+     *   // both.
+     *   // Detached comment for corge paragraph 2.
+     *   optional string corge = 5;
+     *   /&#42; Block comment attached
+     *    * to corge.  Leading asterisks
+     *    * will be removed. *&#47;
+     *   /&#42; Block comment attached to
+     *    * grault. *&#47;
+     *   optional int32 grault = 6;
+     *   // ignored detached comments.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string leading_comments = 3;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getLeadingComments()
+    {
+        return $this->leading_comments;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If this SourceCodeInfo represents a complete declaration, these are any
+     * comments appearing before and after the declaration which appear to be
+     * attached to the declaration.
+     * A series of line comments appearing on consecutive lines, with no other
+     * tokens appearing on those lines, will be treated as a single comment.
+     * leading_detached_comments will keep paragraphs of comments that appear
+     * before (but not connected to) the current element. Each paragraph,
+     * separated by empty lines, will be one comment element in the repeated
+     * field.
+     * Only the comment content is provided; comment markers (e.g. //) are
+     * stripped out.  For block comments, leading whitespace and an asterisk
+     * will be stripped from the beginning of each line other than the first.
+     * Newlines are included in the output.
+     * Examples:
+     *   optional int32 foo = 1;  // Comment attached to foo.
+     *   // Comment attached to bar.
+     *   optional int32 bar = 2;
+     *   optional string baz = 3;
+     *   // Comment attached to baz.
+     *   // Another line attached to baz.
+     *   // Comment attached to qux.
+     *   //
+     *   // Another line attached to qux.
+     *   optional double qux = 4;
+     *   // Detached comment for corge. This is not leading or trailing comments
+     *   // to qux or corge because there are blank lines separating it from
+     *   // both.
+     *   // Detached comment for corge paragraph 2.
+     *   optional string corge = 5;
+     *   /&#42; Block comment attached
+     *    * to corge.  Leading asterisks
+     *    * will be removed. *&#47;
+     *   /&#42; Block comment attached to
+     *    * grault. *&#47;
+     *   optional int32 grault = 6;
+     *   // ignored detached comments.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string leading_comments = 3;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setLeadingComments($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->leading_comments = $var;
+        $this->has_leading_comments = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasLeadingComments()
+    {
+        return $this->has_leading_comments;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string trailing_comments = 4;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getTrailingComments()
+    {
+        return $this->trailing_comments;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string trailing_comments = 4;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setTrailingComments($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->trailing_comments = $var;
+        $this->has_trailing_comments = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasTrailingComments()
+    {
+        return $this->has_trailing_comments;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getLeadingDetachedComments()
+    {
+        return $this->leading_detached_comments;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;</code>
+     * @param string[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setLeadingDetachedComments($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::STRING);
+        $this->leading_detached_comments = $arr;
+        $this->has_leading_detached_comments = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasLeadingDetachedComments()
+    {
+        return $this->has_leading_detached_comments;
+    }
+
+}
+
+// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
+class_alias(Location::class, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\SourceCodeInfo_Location::class);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/SourceCodeInfo_Location.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/SourceCodeInfo_Location.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1346492d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/SourceCodeInfo_Location.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+if (false) {
+    /**
+     * This class is deprecated. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\SourceCodeInfo\Location instead.
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    class SourceCodeInfo_Location {}
+}
+class_exists(SourceCodeInfo\Location::class);
+@trigger_error('Google\Protobuf\Internal\SourceCodeInfo_Location is deprecated and will be removed in the next major release. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\SourceCodeInfo\Location instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/UninterpretedOption.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/UninterpretedOption.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c871cc1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/UninterpretedOption.php
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * A message representing a option the parser does not recognize. This only
+ * appears in options protos created by the compiler::Parser class.
+ * DescriptorPool resolves these when building Descriptor objects. Therefore,
+ * options protos in descriptor objects (e.g. returned by Descriptor::options(),
+ * or produced by Descriptor::CopyTo()) will never have UninterpretedOptions
+ * in them.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption</code>
+ */
+class UninterpretedOption extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart name = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $name;
+    private $has_name = false;
+    /**
+     * The value of the uninterpreted option, in whatever type the tokenizer
+     * identified it as during parsing. Exactly one of these should be set.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string identifier_value = 3;</code>
+     */
+    protected $identifier_value = '';
+    private $has_identifier_value = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional uint64 positive_int_value = 4;</code>
+     */
+    protected $positive_int_value = 0;
+    private $has_positive_int_value = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int64 negative_int_value = 5;</code>
+     */
+    protected $negative_int_value = 0;
+    private $has_negative_int_value = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional double double_value = 6;</code>
+     */
+    protected $double_value = 0.0;
+    private $has_double_value = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bytes string_value = 7;</code>
+     */
+    protected $string_value = '';
+    private $has_string_value = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string aggregate_value = 8;</code>
+     */
+    protected $aggregate_value = '';
+    private $has_aggregate_value = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption\NamePart[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $name
+     *     @type string $identifier_value
+     *           The value of the uninterpreted option, in whatever type the tokenizer
+     *           identified it as during parsing. Exactly one of these should be set.
+     *     @type int|string $positive_int_value
+     *     @type int|string $negative_int_value
+     *     @type float $double_value
+     *     @type string $string_value
+     *     @type string $aggregate_value
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart name = 2;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart name = 2;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption\NamePart[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption\NamePart::class);
+        $this->name = $arr;
+        $this->has_name = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasName()
+    {
+        return $this->has_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The value of the uninterpreted option, in whatever type the tokenizer
+     * identified it as during parsing. Exactly one of these should be set.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string identifier_value = 3;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getIdentifierValue()
+    {
+        return $this->identifier_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The value of the uninterpreted option, in whatever type the tokenizer
+     * identified it as during parsing. Exactly one of these should be set.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string identifier_value = 3;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setIdentifierValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->identifier_value = $var;
+        $this->has_identifier_value = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasIdentifierValue()
+    {
+        return $this->has_identifier_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional uint64 positive_int_value = 4;</code>
+     * @return int|string
+     */
+    public function getPositiveIntValue()
+    {
+        return $this->positive_int_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional uint64 positive_int_value = 4;</code>
+     * @param int|string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setPositiveIntValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint64($var);
+        $this->positive_int_value = $var;
+        $this->has_positive_int_value = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasPositiveIntValue()
+    {
+        return $this->has_positive_int_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int64 negative_int_value = 5;</code>
+     * @return int|string
+     */
+    public function getNegativeIntValue()
+    {
+        return $this->negative_int_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional int64 negative_int_value = 5;</code>
+     * @param int|string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setNegativeIntValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt64($var);
+        $this->negative_int_value = $var;
+        $this->has_negative_int_value = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasNegativeIntValue()
+    {
+        return $this->has_negative_int_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional double double_value = 6;</code>
+     * @return float
+     */
+    public function getDoubleValue()
+    {
+        return $this->double_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional double double_value = 6;</code>
+     * @param float $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setDoubleValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkDouble($var);
+        $this->double_value = $var;
+        $this->has_double_value = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasDoubleValue()
+    {
+        return $this->has_double_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bytes string_value = 7;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getStringValue()
+    {
+        return $this->string_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional bytes string_value = 7;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setStringValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, False);
+        $this->string_value = $var;
+        $this->has_string_value = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasStringValue()
+    {
+        return $this->has_string_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string aggregate_value = 8;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getAggregateValue()
+    {
+        return $this->aggregate_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>optional string aggregate_value = 8;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setAggregateValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->aggregate_value = $var;
+        $this->has_aggregate_value = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasAggregateValue()
+    {
+        return $this->has_aggregate_value;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/UninterpretedOption/NamePart.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/UninterpretedOption/NamePart.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1956ba7f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/UninterpretedOption/NamePart.php
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\InputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * The name of the uninterpreted option.  Each string represents a segment in
+ * a dot-separated name.  is_extension is true iff a segment represents an
+ * extension (denoted with parentheses in options specs in .proto files).
+ * E.g.,{ ["foo", false], ["bar.baz", true], ["qux", false] } represents
+ * "foo.(bar.baz).qux".
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart</code>
+ */
+class NamePart extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>required string name_part = 1;</code>
+     */
+    protected $name_part = '';
+    private $has_name_part = false;
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>required bool is_extension = 2;</code>
+     */
+    protected $is_extension = false;
+    private $has_is_extension = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name_part
+     *     @type bool $is_extension
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Internal\Descriptor::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>required string name_part = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getNamePart()
+    {
+        return $this->name_part;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>required string name_part = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setNamePart($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name_part = $var;
+        $this->has_name_part = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasNamePart()
+    {
+        return $this->has_name_part;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>required bool is_extension = 2;</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getIsExtension()
+    {
+        return $this->is_extension;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>required bool is_extension = 2;</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setIsExtension($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->is_extension = $var;
+        $this->has_is_extension = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function hasIsExtension()
+    {
+        return $this->has_is_extension;
+    }
+
+}
+
+// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
+class_alias(NamePart::class, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption_NamePart::class);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/UninterpretedOption_NamePart.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/UninterpretedOption_NamePart.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9750eb010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Internal/UninterpretedOption_NamePart.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf\Internal;
+
+if (false) {
+    /**
+     * This class is deprecated. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption\NamePart instead.
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    class UninterpretedOption_NamePart {}
+}
+class_exists(UninterpretedOption\NamePart::class);
+@trigger_error('Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption_NamePart is deprecated and will be removed in the next major release. Use Google\Protobuf\Internal\UninterpretedOption\NamePart instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/ListValue.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/ListValue.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70f542326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/ListValue.php
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/struct.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * `ListValue` is a wrapper around a repeated field of values.
+ * The JSON representation for `ListValue` is JSON array.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.ListValue</code>
+ */
+class ListValue extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Repeated field of dynamically typed values.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $values;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Value[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $values
+     *           Repeated field of dynamically typed values.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Struct::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Repeated field of dynamically typed values.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getValues()
+    {
+        return $this->values;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Repeated field of dynamically typed values.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Value[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setValues($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Value::class);
+        $this->values = $arr;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Method.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Method.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e8035068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Method.php
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/api.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Method represents a method of an API interface.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Method</code>
+ */
+class Method extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The simple name of this method.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $name = '';
+    /**
+     * A URL of the input message type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string request_type_url = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $request_type_url = '';
+    /**
+     * If true, the request is streamed.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bool request_streaming = 3;</code>
+     */
+    private $request_streaming = false;
+    /**
+     * The URL of the output message type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string response_type_url = 4;</code>
+     */
+    private $response_type_url = '';
+    /**
+     * If true, the response is streamed.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bool response_streaming = 5;</code>
+     */
+    private $response_streaming = false;
+    /**
+     * Any metadata attached to the method.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;</code>
+     */
+    private $options;
+    /**
+     * The source syntax of this method.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;</code>
+     */
+    private $syntax = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *           The simple name of this method.
+     *     @type string $request_type_url
+     *           A URL of the input message type.
+     *     @type bool $request_streaming
+     *           If true, the request is streamed.
+     *     @type string $response_type_url
+     *           The URL of the output message type.
+     *     @type bool $response_streaming
+     *           If true, the response is streamed.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Option[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $options
+     *           Any metadata attached to the method.
+     *     @type int $syntax
+     *           The source syntax of this method.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Api::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The simple name of this method.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The simple name of this method.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A URL of the input message type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string request_type_url = 2;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getRequestTypeUrl()
+    {
+        return $this->request_type_url;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A URL of the input message type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string request_type_url = 2;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setRequestTypeUrl($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->request_type_url = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If true, the request is streamed.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bool request_streaming = 3;</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getRequestStreaming()
+    {
+        return $this->request_streaming;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If true, the request is streamed.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bool request_streaming = 3;</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setRequestStreaming($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->request_streaming = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The URL of the output message type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string response_type_url = 4;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getResponseTypeUrl()
+    {
+        return $this->response_type_url;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The URL of the output message type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string response_type_url = 4;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setResponseTypeUrl($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->response_type_url = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If true, the response is streamed.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bool response_streaming = 5;</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getResponseStreaming()
+    {
+        return $this->response_streaming;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If true, the response is streamed.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bool response_streaming = 5;</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setResponseStreaming($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->response_streaming = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Any metadata attached to the method.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Any metadata attached to the method.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Option[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Option::class);
+        $this->options = $arr;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The source syntax of this method.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getSyntax()
+    {
+        return $this->syntax;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The source syntax of this method.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setSyntax($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Google\Protobuf\Syntax::class);
+        $this->syntax = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Mixin.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Mixin.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a2ea59c75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Mixin.php
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/api.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Declares an API Interface to be included in this interface. The including
+ * interface must redeclare all the methods from the included interface, but
+ * documentation and options are inherited as follows:
+ * - If after comment and whitespace stripping, the documentation
+ *   string of the redeclared method is empty, it will be inherited
+ *   from the original method.
+ * - Each annotation belonging to the service config (http,
+ *   visibility) which is not set in the redeclared method will be
+ *   inherited.
+ * - If an http annotation is inherited, the path pattern will be
+ *   modified as follows. Any version prefix will be replaced by the
+ *   version of the including interface plus the [root][] path if
+ *   specified.
+ * Example of a simple mixin:
+ *     package google.acl.v1;
+ *     service AccessControl {
+ *       // Get the underlying ACL object.
+ *       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl) {
+ *         option (google.api.http).get = "/v1/{resource=**}:getAcl";
+ *       }
+ *     }
+ *     package google.storage.v2;
+ *     service Storage {
+ *       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl);
+ *       // Get a data record.
+ *       rpc GetData(GetDataRequest) returns (Data) {
+ *         option (google.api.http).get = "/v2/{resource=**}";
+ *       }
+ *     }
+ * Example of a mixin configuration:
+ *     apis:
+ *     - name: google.storage.v2.Storage
+ *       mixins:
+ *       - name: google.acl.v1.AccessControl
+ * The mixin construct implies that all methods in `AccessControl` are
+ * also declared with same name and request/response types in
+ * `Storage`. A documentation generator or annotation processor will
+ * see the effective `Storage.GetAcl` method after inherting
+ * documentation and annotations as follows:
+ *     service Storage {
+ *       // Get the underlying ACL object.
+ *       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl) {
+ *         option (google.api.http).get = "/v2/{resource=**}:getAcl";
+ *       }
+ *       ...
+ *     }
+ * Note how the version in the path pattern changed from `v1` to `v2`.
+ * If the `root` field in the mixin is specified, it should be a
+ * relative path under which inherited HTTP paths are placed. Example:
+ *     apis:
+ *     - name: google.storage.v2.Storage
+ *       mixins:
+ *       - name: google.acl.v1.AccessControl
+ *         root: acls
+ * This implies the following inherited HTTP annotation:
+ *     service Storage {
+ *       // Get the underlying ACL object.
+ *       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl) {
+ *         option (google.api.http).get = "/v2/acls/{resource=**}:getAcl";
+ *       }
+ *       ...
+ *     }
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Mixin</code>
+ */
+class Mixin extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The fully qualified name of the interface which is included.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $name = '';
+    /**
+     * If non-empty specifies a path under which inherited HTTP paths
+     * are rooted.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string root = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $root = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *           The fully qualified name of the interface which is included.
+     *     @type string $root
+     *           If non-empty specifies a path under which inherited HTTP paths
+     *           are rooted.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Api::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The fully qualified name of the interface which is included.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The fully qualified name of the interface which is included.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If non-empty specifies a path under which inherited HTTP paths
+     * are rooted.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string root = 2;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getRoot()
+    {
+        return $this->root;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If non-empty specifies a path under which inherited HTTP paths
+     * are rooted.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string root = 2;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setRoot($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->root = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/NullValue.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/NullValue.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a72cbb2ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/NullValue.php
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/struct.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use UnexpectedValueException;
+
+/**
+ * `NullValue` is a singleton enumeration to represent the null value for the
+ * `Value` type union.
+ *  The JSON representation for `NullValue` is JSON `null`.
+ *
+ * Protobuf type <code>google.protobuf.NullValue</code>
+ */
+class NullValue
+{
+    /**
+     * Null value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>NULL_VALUE = 0;</code>
+     */
+    const NULL_VALUE = 0;
+
+    private static $valueToName = [
+        self::NULL_VALUE => 'NULL_VALUE',
+    ];
+
+    public static function name($value)
+    {
+        if (!isset(self::$valueToName[$value])) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no name defined for value %s', __CLASS__, $value));
+        }
+        return self::$valueToName[$value];
+    }
+
+    public static function value($name)
+    {
+        $const = __CLASS__ . '::' . strtoupper($name);
+        if (!defined($const)) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no value defined for name %s', __CLASS__, $name));
+        }
+        return constant($const);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/OneofDescriptor.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/OneofDescriptor.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9736634e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/OneofDescriptor.php
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<?php
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GetPublicDescriptorTrait;
+
+class OneofDescriptor
+{
+    use GetPublicDescriptorTrait;
+
+    private $internal_desc;
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    public function __construct($internal_desc)
+    {
+        $this->internal_desc = $internal_desc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string The name of the oneof
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->internal_desc->getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param int $index Must be >= 0 and < getFieldCount()
+     * @return FieldDescriptor
+     */
+    public function getField($index)
+    {
+        return $this->getPublicDescriptor($this->internal_desc->getFields()[$index]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return int Number of fields in the oneof
+     */
+    public function getFieldCount()
+    {
+        return count($this->internal_desc->getFields());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Option.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Option.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22ecfc5f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Option.php
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * A protocol buffer option, which can be attached to a message, field,
+ * enumeration, etc.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Option</code>
+ */
+class Option extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The option's name. For protobuf built-in options (options defined in
+     * descriptor.proto), this is the short name. For example, `"map_entry"`.
+     * For custom options, it should be the fully-qualified name. For example,
+     * `"google.api.http"`.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $name = '';
+    /**
+     * The option's value packed in an Any message. If the value is a primitive,
+     * the corresponding wrapper type defined in google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+     * should be used. If the value is an enum, it should be stored as an int32
+     * value using the google.protobuf.Int32Value type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Any value = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $value = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *           The option's name. For protobuf built-in options (options defined in
+     *           descriptor.proto), this is the short name. For example, `"map_entry"`.
+     *           For custom options, it should be the fully-qualified name. For example,
+     *           `"google.api.http"`.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Any $value
+     *           The option's value packed in an Any message. If the value is a primitive,
+     *           the corresponding wrapper type defined in google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+     *           should be used. If the value is an enum, it should be stored as an int32
+     *           value using the google.protobuf.Int32Value type.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Type::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The option's name. For protobuf built-in options (options defined in
+     * descriptor.proto), this is the short name. For example, `"map_entry"`.
+     * For custom options, it should be the fully-qualified name. For example,
+     * `"google.api.http"`.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The option's name. For protobuf built-in options (options defined in
+     * descriptor.proto), this is the short name. For example, `"map_entry"`.
+     * For custom options, it should be the fully-qualified name. For example,
+     * `"google.api.http"`.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The option's value packed in an Any message. If the value is a primitive,
+     * the corresponding wrapper type defined in google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+     * should be used. If the value is an enum, it should be stored as an int32
+     * value using the google.protobuf.Int32Value type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Any value = 2;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Any
+     */
+    public function getValue()
+    {
+        return $this->value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The option's value packed in an Any message. If the value is a primitive,
+     * the corresponding wrapper type defined in google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+     * should be used. If the value is an enum, it should be stored as an int32
+     * value using the google.protobuf.Int32Value type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Any value = 2;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Any $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\Any::class);
+        $this->value = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/SourceContext.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/SourceContext.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbc50c684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/SourceContext.php
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/source_context.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * `SourceContext` represents information about the source of a
+ * protobuf element, like the file in which it is defined.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.SourceContext</code>
+ */
+class SourceContext extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The path-qualified name of the .proto file that contained the associated
+     * protobuf element.  For example: `"google/protobuf/source_context.proto"`.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string file_name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $file_name = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $file_name
+     *           The path-qualified name of the .proto file that contained the associated
+     *           protobuf element.  For example: `"google/protobuf/source_context.proto"`.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\SourceContext::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The path-qualified name of the .proto file that contained the associated
+     * protobuf element.  For example: `"google/protobuf/source_context.proto"`.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string file_name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getFileName()
+    {
+        return $this->file_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The path-qualified name of the .proto file that contained the associated
+     * protobuf element.  For example: `"google/protobuf/source_context.proto"`.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string file_name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setFileName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->file_name = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/StringValue.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/StringValue.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fb354f38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/StringValue.php
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `string`.
+ * The JSON representation for `StringValue` is JSON string.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.StringValue</code>
+ */
+class StringValue extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The string value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string value = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $value = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $value
+     *           The string value.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Wrappers::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The string value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string value = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getValue()
+    {
+        return $this->value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The string value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string value = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->value = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Struct.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Struct.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0456541cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Struct.php
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/struct.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * `Struct` represents a structured data value, consisting of fields
+ * which map to dynamically typed values. In some languages, `Struct`
+ * might be supported by a native representation. For example, in
+ * scripting languages like JS a struct is represented as an
+ * object. The details of that representation are described together
+ * with the proto support for the language.
+ * The JSON representation for `Struct` is JSON object.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Struct</code>
+ */
+class Struct extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Unordered map of dynamically typed values.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $fields;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type array|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\MapField $fields
+     *           Unordered map of dynamically typed values.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Struct::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unordered map of dynamically typed values.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MapField
+     */
+    public function getFields()
+    {
+        return $this->fields;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unordered map of dynamically typed values.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;</code>
+     * @param array|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\MapField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setFields($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkMapField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::STRING, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Value::class);
+        $this->fields = $arr;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Syntax.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Syntax.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9812669da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Syntax.php
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use UnexpectedValueException;
+
+/**
+ * The syntax in which a protocol buffer element is defined.
+ *
+ * Protobuf type <code>google.protobuf.Syntax</code>
+ */
+class Syntax
+{
+    /**
+     * Syntax `proto2`.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>SYNTAX_PROTO2 = 0;</code>
+     */
+    const SYNTAX_PROTO2 = 0;
+    /**
+     * Syntax `proto3`.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf enum <code>SYNTAX_PROTO3 = 1;</code>
+     */
+    const SYNTAX_PROTO3 = 1;
+
+    private static $valueToName = [
+        self::SYNTAX_PROTO2 => 'SYNTAX_PROTO2',
+        self::SYNTAX_PROTO3 => 'SYNTAX_PROTO3',
+    ];
+
+    public static function name($value)
+    {
+        if (!isset(self::$valueToName[$value])) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no name defined for value %s', __CLASS__, $value));
+        }
+        return self::$valueToName[$value];
+    }
+
+    public static function value($name)
+    {
+        $const = __CLASS__ . '::' . strtoupper($name);
+        if (!defined($const)) {
+            throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(
+                    'Enum %s has no value defined for name %s', __CLASS__, $name));
+        }
+        return constant($const);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Timestamp.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Timestamp.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d26f6c5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Timestamp.php
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * A Timestamp represents a point in time independent of any time zone
+ * or calendar, represented as seconds and fractions of seconds at
+ * nanosecond resolution in UTC Epoch time. It is encoded using the
+ * Proleptic Gregorian Calendar which extends the Gregorian calendar
+ * backwards to year one. It is encoded assuming all minutes are 60
+ * seconds long, i.e. leap seconds are "smeared" so that no leap second
+ * table is needed for interpretation. Range is from
+ * 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z.
+ * By restricting to that range, we ensure that we can convert to
+ * and from  RFC 3339 date strings.
+ * See [https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt).
+ * # Examples
+ * Example 1: Compute Timestamp from POSIX `time()`.
+ *     Timestamp timestamp;
+ *     timestamp.set_seconds(time(NULL));
+ *     timestamp.set_nanos(0);
+ * Example 2: Compute Timestamp from POSIX `gettimeofday()`.
+ *     struct timeval tv;
+ *     gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+ *     Timestamp timestamp;
+ *     timestamp.set_seconds(tv.tv_sec);
+ *     timestamp.set_nanos(tv.tv_usec * 1000);
+ * Example 3: Compute Timestamp from Win32 `GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()`.
+ *     FILETIME ft;
+ *     GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);
+ *     UINT64 ticks = (((UINT64)ft.dwHighDateTime) << 32) | ft.dwLowDateTime;
+ *     // A Windows tick is 100 nanoseconds. Windows epoch 1601-01-01T00:00:00Z
+ *     // is 11644473600 seconds before Unix epoch 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
+ *     Timestamp timestamp;
+ *     timestamp.set_seconds((INT64) ((ticks / 10000000) - 11644473600LL));
+ *     timestamp.set_nanos((INT32) ((ticks % 10000000) * 100));
+ * Example 4: Compute Timestamp from Java `System.currentTimeMillis()`.
+ *     long millis = System.currentTimeMillis();
+ *     Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(millis / 1000)
+ *         .setNanos((int) ((millis % 1000) * 1000000)).build();
+ * Example 5: Compute Timestamp from current time in Python.
+ *     timestamp = Timestamp()
+ *     timestamp.GetCurrentTime()
+ * # JSON Mapping
+ * In JSON format, the Timestamp type is encoded as a string in the
+ * [RFC 3339](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt) format. That is, the
+ * format is "{year}-{month}-{day}T{hour}:{min}:{sec}[.{frac_sec}]Z"
+ * where {year} is always expressed using four digits while {month}, {day},
+ * {hour}, {min}, and {sec} are zero-padded to two digits each. The fractional
+ * seconds, which can go up to 9 digits (i.e. up to 1 nanosecond resolution),
+ * are optional. The "Z" suffix indicates the timezone ("UTC"); the timezone
+ * is required. A proto3 JSON serializer should always use UTC (as indicated by
+ * "Z") when printing the Timestamp type and a proto3 JSON parser should be
+ * able to accept both UTC and other timezones (as indicated by an offset).
+ * For example, "2017-01-15T01:30:15.01Z" encodes 15.01 seconds past
+ * 01:30 UTC on January 15, 2017.
+ * In JavaScript, one can convert a Date object to this format using the
+ * standard [toISOString()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date/toISOString]
+ * method. In Python, a standard `datetime.datetime` object can be converted
+ * to this format using [`strftime`](https://docs.python.org/2/library/time.html#time.strftime)
+ * with the time format spec '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ'. Likewise, in Java, one
+ * can use the Joda Time's [`ISODateTimeFormat.dateTime()`](
+ * http://www.joda.org/joda-time/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/ISODateTimeFormat.html#dateTime--
+ * ) to obtain a formatter capable of generating timestamps in this format.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Timestamp</code>
+ */
+class Timestamp extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * Represents seconds of UTC time since Unix epoch
+     * 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to
+     * 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int64 seconds = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $seconds = 0;
+    /**
+     * Non-negative fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution. Negative
+     * second values with fractions must still have non-negative nanos values
+     * that count forward in time. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999
+     * inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 nanos = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $nanos = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type int|string $seconds
+     *           Represents seconds of UTC time since Unix epoch
+     *           1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to
+     *           9999-12-31T23:59:59Z inclusive.
+     *     @type int $nanos
+     *           Non-negative fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution. Negative
+     *           second values with fractions must still have non-negative nanos values
+     *           that count forward in time. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999
+     *           inclusive.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Timestamp::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents seconds of UTC time since Unix epoch
+     * 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to
+     * 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int64 seconds = 1;</code>
+     * @return int|string
+     */
+    public function getSeconds()
+    {
+        return $this->seconds;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents seconds of UTC time since Unix epoch
+     * 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to
+     * 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int64 seconds = 1;</code>
+     * @param int|string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setSeconds($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt64($var);
+        $this->seconds = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Non-negative fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution. Negative
+     * second values with fractions must still have non-negative nanos values
+     * that count forward in time. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999
+     * inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 nanos = 2;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getNanos()
+    {
+        return $this->nanos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Non-negative fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution. Negative
+     * second values with fractions must still have non-negative nanos values
+     * that count forward in time. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999
+     * inclusive.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>int32 nanos = 2;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setNanos($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->nanos = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Converts PHP DateTime to Timestamp.
+     *
+     * @param \DateTime $datetime
+     */
+    public function fromDateTime(\DateTime $datetime)
+    {
+        $this->seconds = $datetime->getTimestamp();
+        $this->nanos = 1000 * $datetime->format('u');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts Timestamp to PHP DateTime.
+     *
+     * @return \DateTime $datetime
+     */
+    public function toDateTime()
+    {
+        $time = sprintf('%s.%06d', $this->seconds, $this->nanos / 1000);
+        return \DateTime::createFromFormat('U.u', $time);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Type.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Type.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b4781105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Type.php
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * A protocol buffer message type.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Type</code>
+ */
+class Type extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The fully qualified message name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $name = '';
+    /**
+     * The list of fields.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;</code>
+     */
+    private $fields;
+    /**
+     * The list of types appearing in `oneof` definitions in this type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string oneofs = 3;</code>
+     */
+    private $oneofs;
+    /**
+     * The protocol buffer options.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;</code>
+     */
+    private $options;
+    /**
+     * The source context.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;</code>
+     */
+    private $source_context = null;
+    /**
+     * The source syntax.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 6;</code>
+     */
+    private $syntax = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type string $name
+     *           The fully qualified message name.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Field[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $fields
+     *           The list of fields.
+     *     @type string[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $oneofs
+     *           The list of types appearing in `oneof` definitions in this type.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Option[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $options
+     *           The protocol buffer options.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\SourceContext $source_context
+     *           The source context.
+     *     @type int $syntax
+     *           The source syntax.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Type::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The fully qualified message name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return $this->name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The fully qualified message name.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string name = 1;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setName($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->name = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The list of fields.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getFields()
+    {
+        return $this->fields;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The list of fields.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Field[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setFields($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Field::class);
+        $this->fields = $arr;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The list of types appearing in `oneof` definitions in this type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string oneofs = 3;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getOneofs()
+    {
+        return $this->oneofs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The list of types appearing in `oneof` definitions in this type.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated string oneofs = 3;</code>
+     * @param string[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOneofs($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::STRING);
+        $this->oneofs = $arr;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The protocol buffer options.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField
+     */
+    public function getOptions()
+    {
+        return $this->options;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The protocol buffer options.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Option[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setOptions($var)
+    {
+        $arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, \Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType::MESSAGE, \Google\Protobuf\Option::class);
+        $this->options = $arr;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The source context.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\SourceContext
+     */
+    public function getSourceContext()
+    {
+        return $this->source_context;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The source context.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\SourceContext $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setSourceContext($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\SourceContext::class);
+        $this->source_context = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The source syntax.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 6;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getSyntax()
+    {
+        return $this->syntax;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The source syntax.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 6;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setSyntax($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Google\Protobuf\Syntax::class);
+        $this->syntax = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/UInt32Value.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/UInt32Value.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5a522d2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/UInt32Value.php
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `uint32`.
+ * The JSON representation for `UInt32Value` is JSON number.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.UInt32Value</code>
+ */
+class UInt32Value extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The uint32 value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>uint32 value = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $value = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type int $value
+     *           The uint32 value.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Wrappers::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The uint32 value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>uint32 value = 1;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getValue()
+    {
+        return $this->value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The uint32 value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>uint32 value = 1;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint32($var);
+        $this->value = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/UInt64Value.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/UInt64Value.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89e69cd89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/UInt64Value.php
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper message for `uint64`.
+ * The JSON representation for `UInt64Value` is JSON string.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.UInt64Value</code>
+ */
+class UInt64Value extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    /**
+     * The uint64 value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>uint64 value = 1;</code>
+     */
+    private $value = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type int|string $value
+     *           The uint64 value.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Wrappers::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The uint64 value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>uint64 value = 1;</code>
+     * @return int|string
+     */
+    public function getValue()
+    {
+        return $this->value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The uint64 value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>uint64 value = 1;</code>
+     * @param int|string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint64($var);
+        $this->value = $var;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Value.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Value.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c1e864c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/Google/Protobuf/Value.php
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: google/protobuf/struct.proto
+
+namespace Google\Protobuf;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+/**
+ * `Value` represents a dynamically typed value which can be either
+ * null, a number, a string, a boolean, a recursive struct value, or a
+ * list of values. A producer of value is expected to set one of that
+ * variants, absence of any variant indicates an error.
+ * The JSON representation for `Value` is JSON value.
+ *
+ * Generated from protobuf message <code>google.protobuf.Value</code>
+ */
+class Value extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    protected $kind;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param array $data {
+     *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.
+     *
+     *     @type int $null_value
+     *           Represents a null value.
+     *     @type float $number_value
+     *           Represents a double value.
+     *     @type string $string_value
+     *           Represents a string value.
+     *     @type bool $bool_value
+     *           Represents a boolean value.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\Struct $struct_value
+     *           Represents a structured value.
+     *     @type \Google\Protobuf\ListValue $list_value
+     *           Represents a repeated `Value`.
+     * }
+     */
+    public function __construct($data = NULL) {
+        \GPBMetadata\Google\Protobuf\Struct::initOnce();
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a null value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;</code>
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getNullValue()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a null value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;</code>
+     * @param int $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setNullValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Google\Protobuf\NullValue::class);
+        $this->writeOneof(1, $var);
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a double value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>double number_value = 2;</code>
+     * @return float
+     */
+    public function getNumberValue()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a double value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>double number_value = 2;</code>
+     * @param float $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setNumberValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkDouble($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(2, $var);
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a string value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string string_value = 3;</code>
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getStringValue()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(3);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a string value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>string string_value = 3;</code>
+     * @param string $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setStringValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->writeOneof(3, $var);
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a boolean value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bool bool_value = 4;</code>
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function getBoolValue()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(4);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a boolean value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>bool bool_value = 4;</code>
+     * @param bool $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setBoolValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(4, $var);
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a structured value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\Struct
+     */
+    public function getStructValue()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(5);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a structured value.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\Struct $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setStructValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\Struct::class);
+        $this->writeOneof(5, $var);
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a repeated `Value`.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;</code>
+     * @return \Google\Protobuf\ListValue
+     */
+    public function getListValue()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(6);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a repeated `Value`.
+     *
+     * Generated from protobuf field <code>.google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;</code>
+     * @param \Google\Protobuf\ListValue $var
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setListValue($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Google\Protobuf\ListValue::class);
+        $this->writeOneof(6, $var);
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getKind()
+    {
+        return $this->whichOneof("kind");
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/phpdoc.dist.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/phpdoc.dist.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd3130253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/src/phpdoc.dist.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
+<!-- Install phpDocumentor to generate docs. -->
+<phpdoc>
+  <parser>
+    <target>doc</target>
+  </parser>
+  <transformer>
+    <target>doc</target>
+  </transformer>
+  <files>
+    <file>Google/Protobuf/Internal/MapField.php</file>
+    <file>Google/Protobuf/Internal/Message.php</file>
+    <file>Google/Protobuf/Internal/RepeatedField.php</file>
+  </files>
+</phpdoc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/array_test.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/array_test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b25140408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/array_test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,593 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once('test_util.php');
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Foo\TestMessage;
+use Foo\TestMessage\Sub;
+
+class RepeatedFieldTest extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
+{
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test int32 field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testInt32()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT32);
+
+        // Test append.
+        $arr[] = MAX_INT32;
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT32, $arr[0]);
+        $arr[] = MIN_INT32;
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_INT32, $arr[1]);
+
+        $arr[] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertSame(1, $arr[2]);
+        $arr[] = MAX_INT32_FLOAT;
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT32, $arr[3]);
+        $arr[] = MAX_INT32_FLOAT;
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT32, $arr[4]);
+
+        $arr[] = '2';
+        $this->assertSame(2, $arr[5]);
+        $arr[] = '3.1';
+        $this->assertSame(3, $arr[6]);
+        $arr[] = MAX_INT32_STRING;
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT32, $arr[7]);
+
+        $this->assertEquals(8, count($arr));
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++) {
+            $arr[$i] = 0;
+            $this->assertSame(0, $arr[$i]);
+        }
+
+        // Test set.
+        $arr[0] = MAX_INT32;
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT32, $arr[0]);
+        $arr[1] = MIN_INT32;
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_INT32, $arr[1]);
+
+        $arr[2] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertSame(1, $arr[2]);
+        $arr[3] = MAX_INT32_FLOAT;
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT32, $arr[3]);
+        $arr[4] = MAX_INT32_FLOAT;
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT32, $arr[4]);
+
+        $arr[5] = '2';
+        $this->assertSame(2, $arr[5]);
+        $arr[6] = '3.1';
+        $this->assertSame(3, $arr[6]);
+        $arr[7] = MAX_INT32_STRING;
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT32, $arr[7]);
+
+        // Test foreach.
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT32);
+        for ($i = 0; $i < 3; $i++) {
+          $arr[] = $i;
+        }
+        $i = 0;
+        foreach ($arr as $val) {
+          $this->assertSame($i++, $val);
+        }
+        $this->assertSame(3, $i);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test uint32 field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testUint32()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::UINT32);
+
+        // Test append.
+        $arr[] = MAX_UINT32;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[0]);
+        $arr[] = -1;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[1]);
+        $arr[] = MIN_UINT32;
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_UINT32, $arr[2]);
+
+        $arr[] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertSame(1, $arr[3]);
+        $arr[] = MAX_UINT32_FLOAT;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[4]);
+        $arr[] = -1.0;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[5]);
+        $arr[] = MIN_UINT32_FLOAT;
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_UINT32, $arr[6]);
+
+        $arr[] = '2';
+        $this->assertSame(2, $arr[7]);
+        $arr[] = '3.1';
+        $this->assertSame(3, $arr[8]);
+        $arr[] = MAX_UINT32_STRING;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[9]);
+        $arr[] = '-1.0';
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[10]);
+        $arr[] = MIN_UINT32_STRING;
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_UINT32, $arr[11]);
+
+        $this->assertEquals(12, count($arr));
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++) {
+            $arr[$i] = 0;
+            $this->assertSame(0, $arr[$i]);
+        }
+
+        // Test set.
+        $arr[0] = MAX_UINT32;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[0]);
+        $arr[1] = -1;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[1]);
+        $arr[2] = MIN_UINT32;
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_UINT32, $arr[2]);
+
+        $arr[3] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertSame(1, $arr[3]);
+        $arr[4] = MAX_UINT32_FLOAT;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[4]);
+        $arr[5] = -1.0;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[5]);
+        $arr[6] = MIN_UINT32_FLOAT;
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_UINT32, $arr[6]);
+
+        $arr[7] = '2';
+        $this->assertSame(2, $arr[7]);
+        $arr[8] = '3.1';
+        $this->assertSame(3, $arr[8]);
+        $arr[9] = MAX_UINT32_STRING;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[9]);
+        $arr[10] = '-1.0';
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[10]);
+        $arr[11] = MIN_UINT32_STRING;
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_UINT32, $arr[11]);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test int64 field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testInt64()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT64);
+
+        // Test append.
+        $arr[] = MAX_INT64;
+        $arr[] = MIN_INT64;
+        $arr[] = 1.1;
+        $arr[] = '2';
+        $arr[] = '3.1';
+        $arr[] = MAX_INT64_STRING;
+        $arr[] = MIN_INT64_STRING;
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64, $arr[0]);
+            $this->assertSame(MIN_INT64, $arr[1]);
+            $this->assertSame('1', $arr[2]);
+            $this->assertSame('2', $arr[3]);
+            $this->assertSame('3', $arr[4]);
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64_STRING, $arr[5]);
+            $this->assertSame(MIN_INT64_STRING, $arr[6]);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64, $arr[0]);
+            $this->assertSame(MIN_INT64, $arr[1]);
+            $this->assertSame(1, $arr[2]);
+            $this->assertSame(2, $arr[3]);
+            $this->assertSame(3, $arr[4]);
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64, $arr[5]);
+            $this->assertSame(MIN_INT64, $arr[6]);
+        }
+
+
+        $this->assertEquals(7, count($arr));
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++) {
+            $arr[$i] = 0;
+            if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+                $this->assertSame('0', $arr[$i]);
+            } else {
+                $this->assertSame(0, $arr[$i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Test set.
+        $arr[0] = MAX_INT64;
+        $arr[1] = MIN_INT64;
+        $arr[2] = 1.1;
+        $arr[3] = '2';
+        $arr[4] = '3.1';
+        $arr[5] = MAX_INT64_STRING;
+        $arr[6] = MIN_INT64_STRING;
+
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64_STRING, $arr[0]);
+            $this->assertSame(MIN_INT64_STRING, $arr[1]);
+            $this->assertSame('1', $arr[2]);
+            $this->assertSame('2', $arr[3]);
+            $this->assertSame('3', $arr[4]);
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64_STRING, $arr[5]);
+            $this->assertEquals(MIN_INT64_STRING, $arr[6]);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64, $arr[0]);
+            $this->assertSame(MIN_INT64, $arr[1]);
+            $this->assertSame(1, $arr[2]);
+            $this->assertSame(2, $arr[3]);
+            $this->assertSame(3, $arr[4]);
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64, $arr[5]);
+            $this->assertEquals(MIN_INT64, $arr[6]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test uint64 field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testUint64()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::UINT64);
+
+        // Test append.
+        $arr[] = MAX_UINT64;
+        $arr[] = 1.1;
+        $arr[] = '2';
+        $arr[] = '3.1';
+        $arr[] = MAX_UINT64_STRING;
+
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64_STRING, $arr[0]);
+            $this->assertSame('1', $arr[1]);
+            $this->assertSame('2', $arr[2]);
+            $this->assertSame('3', $arr[3]);
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64_STRING, $arr[4]);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64, $arr[0]);
+            $this->assertSame(1, $arr[1]);
+            $this->assertSame(2, $arr[2]);
+            $this->assertSame(3, $arr[3]);
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64, $arr[4]);
+            $this->assertSame(5, count($arr));
+        }
+
+        $this->assertSame(5, count($arr));
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++) {
+            $arr[$i] = 0;
+            if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+                $this->assertSame('0', $arr[$i]);
+            } else {
+                $this->assertSame(0, $arr[$i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Test set.
+        $arr[0] = MAX_UINT64;
+        $arr[1] = 1.1;
+        $arr[2] = '2';
+        $arr[3] = '3.1';
+        $arr[4] = MAX_UINT64_STRING;
+
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64_STRING, $arr[0]);
+            $this->assertSame('1', $arr[1]);
+            $this->assertSame('2', $arr[2]);
+            $this->assertSame('3', $arr[3]);
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64_STRING, $arr[4]);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64, $arr[0]);
+            $this->assertSame(1, $arr[1]);
+            $this->assertSame(2, $arr[2]);
+            $this->assertSame(3, $arr[3]);
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64, $arr[4]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test float field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testFloat()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::FLOAT);
+
+        // Test append.
+        $arr[] = 1;
+        $this->assertEquals(1.0, $arr[0], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $arr[] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertEquals(1.1, $arr[1], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $arr[] = '2';
+        $this->assertEquals(2.0, $arr[2], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+        $arr[] = '3.1';
+        $this->assertEquals(3.1, $arr[3], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $this->assertEquals(4, count($arr));
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++) {
+            $arr[$i] = 0;
+            $this->assertSame(0.0, $arr[$i]);
+        }
+
+        // Test set.
+        $arr[0] = 1;
+        $this->assertEquals(1.0, $arr[0], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $arr[1] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertEquals(1.1, $arr[1], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $arr[2] = '2';
+        $this->assertEquals(2.0, $arr[2], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+        $arr[3] = '3.1';
+        $this->assertEquals(3.1, $arr[3], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test double field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testDouble()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::DOUBLE);
+
+        // Test append.
+        $arr[] = 1;
+        $this->assertEquals(1.0, $arr[0], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $arr[] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertEquals(1.1, $arr[1], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $arr[] = '2';
+        $this->assertEquals(2.0, $arr[2], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+        $arr[] = '3.1';
+        $this->assertEquals(3.1, $arr[3], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $this->assertEquals(4, count($arr));
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++) {
+            $arr[$i] = 0;
+            $this->assertSame(0.0, $arr[$i]);
+        }
+
+        // Test set.
+        $arr[0] = 1;
+        $this->assertEquals(1.0, $arr[0], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $arr[1] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertEquals(1.1, $arr[1], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $arr[2] = '2';
+        $this->assertEquals(2.0, $arr[2], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+        $arr[3] = '3.1';
+        $this->assertEquals(3.1, $arr[3], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test bool field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testBool()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::BOOL);
+
+        // Test append.
+        $arr[] = true;
+        $this->assertSame(true, $arr[0]);
+
+        $arr[] = -1;
+        $this->assertSame(true, $arr[1]);
+
+        $arr[] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertSame(true, $arr[2]);
+
+        $arr[] = '';
+        $this->assertSame(false, $arr[3]);
+
+        $this->assertEquals(4, count($arr));
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++) {
+            $arr[$i] = 0;
+            $this->assertSame(false, $arr[$i]);
+        }
+
+        // Test set.
+        $arr[0] = true;
+        $this->assertSame(true, $arr[0]);
+
+        $arr[1] = -1;
+        $this->assertSame(true, $arr[1]);
+
+        $arr[2] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertSame(true, $arr[2]);
+
+        $arr[3] = '';
+        $this->assertSame(false, $arr[3]);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test string field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testString()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::STRING);
+
+        // Test append.
+        $arr[] = 'abc';
+        $this->assertSame('abc', $arr[0]);
+
+        $arr[] = 1;
+        $this->assertSame('1', $arr[1]);
+
+        $arr[] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertSame('1.1', $arr[2]);
+
+        $arr[] = true;
+        $this->assertSame('1', $arr[3]);
+
+        $this->assertEquals(4, count($arr));
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++) {
+            $arr[$i] = '';
+            $this->assertSame('', $arr[$i]);
+        }
+
+        // Test set.
+        $arr[0] = 'abc';
+        $this->assertSame('abc', $arr[0]);
+
+        $arr[1] = 1;
+        $this->assertSame('1', $arr[1]);
+
+        $arr[2] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertSame('1.1', $arr[2]);
+
+        $arr[3] = true;
+        $this->assertSame('1', $arr[3]);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test message field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testMessage()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::MESSAGE, Sub::class);
+
+        // Test append.
+        $sub_m = new Sub();
+        $sub_m->setA(1);
+        $arr[] = $sub_m;
+        $this->assertSame(1, $arr[0]->getA());
+
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+
+        // Test set.
+        $sub_m = new Sub();
+        $sub_m->setA(2);
+        $arr[0] = $sub_m;
+        $this->assertSame(2, $arr[0]->getA());
+
+        // Test foreach.
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::MESSAGE, Sub::class);
+        for ($i = 0; $i < 3; $i++) {
+          $arr[] = new Sub();
+          $arr[$i]->setA($i);
+        }
+        $i = 0;
+        foreach ($arr as $val) {
+          $this->assertSame($i++, $val->getA());
+        }
+        $this->assertSame(3, $i);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test offset type
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testOffset()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT32);
+        $arr[] = 0;
+
+        $arr[0] = 1;
+        $this->assertSame(1, $arr[0]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($arr));
+
+        $arr['0'] = 2;
+        $this->assertSame(2, $arr['0']);
+        $this->assertSame(2, $arr[0]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($arr));
+
+        $arr[0.0] = 3;
+        $this->assertSame(3, $arr[0.0]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($arr));
+    }
+
+    public function testInsertRemoval()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT32);
+
+        $arr[] = 0;
+        $arr[] = 1;
+        $arr[] = 2;
+        $this->assertSame(3, count($arr));
+
+        unset($arr[2]);
+        $this->assertSame(2, count($arr));
+        $this->assertSame(0, $arr[0]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $arr[1]);
+
+        $arr[] = 3;
+        $this->assertSame(3, count($arr));
+        $this->assertSame(0, $arr[0]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $arr[1]);
+        $this->assertSame(3, $arr[2]);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test reference in array
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testArrayElementIsReferenceInSetters()
+    {
+        // Bool elements
+        $values = [true];
+        array_walk($values, function (&$value) {});
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setRepeatedBool($values);
+
+        // Int32 elements
+        $values = [1];
+        array_walk($values, function (&$value) {});
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setRepeatedInt32($values);
+
+        // Double elements
+        $values = [1.0];
+        array_walk($values, function (&$value) {});
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setRepeatedDouble($values);
+
+        // String elements
+        $values = ['a'];
+        array_walk($values, function (&$value) {});
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setRepeatedString($values);
+
+        // Message elements
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $subs = [1, 2];
+        foreach ($subs as &$sub) {
+            $sub = new Sub(['a' => $sub]);
+        }
+        $m->setRepeatedMessage($subs);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test memory leak
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testCycleLeak()
+    {
+        gc_collect_cycles();
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::MESSAGE, TestMessage::class);
+        $arr[] = new TestMessage;
+        $arr[0]->SetRepeatedRecursive($arr);
+
+        // Clean up memory before test.
+        gc_collect_cycles();
+        $start = memory_get_usage();
+        unset($arr);
+
+        // Explicitly trigger garbage collection.
+        gc_collect_cycles();
+
+        $end = memory_get_usage();
+        $this->assertLessThan($start, $end);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/autoload.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/autoload.php
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b98b13abd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/autoload.php
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?php
+
+error_reporting(E_ALL);
+
+function getGeneratedFiles($dir, &$results = array())
+{
+    $files = scandir($dir);
+
+    foreach ($files as $key => $value) {
+        $path = realpath($dir.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$value);
+        if (!is_dir($path)) {
+            $results[] = $path;
+        } else if ($value != "." && $value != "..") {
+            getGeneratedFiles($path, $results);
+        }
+    }
+    return $results;
+}
+
+foreach (getGeneratedFiles("generated") as $filename)
+{
+    if (!is_dir($filename)) {
+        include_once $filename;
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/bootstrap_phpunit.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/bootstrap_phpunit.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8452f1589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/bootstrap_phpunit.php
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once("vendor/autoload.php");
+
+error_reporting(E_ALL);
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/compatibility_test.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/compatibility_test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2b5c6ab5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/compatibility_test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+function use_php() {
+  VERSION=$1
+
+  OLD_PATH=$PATH
+  OLD_CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+  OLD_C_INCLUDE_PATH=$C_INCLUDE_PATH
+
+  export PATH=/usr/local/php-${VERSION}/bin:$OLD_PATH
+  export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-${VERSION}/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-${VERSION}/include/php/:$OLD_CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+  export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-${VERSION}/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-${VERSION}/include/php/:$OLD_C_INCLUDE_PATH
+}
+
+function generate_proto() {
+  PROTOC1=$1
+  PROTOC2=$2
+
+  rm -rf generated
+  mkdir generated
+
+  $PROTOC1 --php_out=generated proto/test_include.proto
+  $PROTOC2 --php_out=generated                 \
+    -I../../src -I.                            \
+    proto/empty/echo.proto                     \
+    proto/test.proto                           \
+    proto/test_no_namespace.proto              \
+    proto/test_prefix.proto                    \
+    proto/test_php_namespace.proto             \
+    proto/test_empty_php_namespace.proto       \
+    proto/test_reserved_enum_lower.proto       \
+    proto/test_reserved_enum_upper.proto       \
+    proto/test_reserved_enum_value_lower.proto \
+    proto/test_reserved_enum_value_upper.proto \
+    proto/test_reserved_message_lower.proto    \
+    proto/test_reserved_message_upper.proto    \
+    proto/test_service.proto                   \
+    proto/test_service_namespace.proto         \
+    proto/test_wrapper_type_setters.proto      \
+    proto/test_descriptors.proto
+
+  pushd ../../src
+  $PROTOC2 --php_out=../php/tests/generated -I../php/tests -I. ../php/tests/proto/test_import_descriptor_proto.proto
+  popd
+}
+
+# Remove tests to expect error. These were added to API tests by mistake.
+function remove_error_test() {
+  local TEMPFILE=`tempfile`
+  cat $1 | \
+  awk -v file=`basename $1` -v dir=`basename $(dirname $1)` '
+    BEGIN {
+      show = 1
+    }
+    /@expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error/ { show = 0; next; }
+    / *\*\//                                     { print; next; }
+    / *}/ {
+      if (!show) {
+        show = 1;
+        next;
+      }
+    }
+    show { print }
+  ' > $TEMPFILE
+  cp $TEMPFILE $1
+}
+
+set -ex
+
+# Change to the script's directory.
+cd $(dirname $0)
+
+OLD_VERSION=$1
+OLD_VERSION_PROTOC=https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/google/protobuf/protoc/$OLD_VERSION/protoc-$OLD_VERSION-linux-x86_64.exe
+
+# Extract the latest protobuf version number.
+VERSION_NUMBER=`grep "PHP_PROTOBUF_VERSION" ../ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.h | sed "s|#define PHP_PROTOBUF_VERSION \"\(.*\)\"|\1|"`
+
+echo "Running compatibility tests between current $VERSION_NUMBER and released $OLD_VERSION"
+
+# Check protoc
+[ -f ../../src/protoc ] || {
+  echo "[ERROR]: Please build protoc first."
+  exit 1
+}
+
+# Download old test.
+rm -rf protobuf
+git clone https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf.git
+pushd protobuf
+git checkout v$OLD_VERSION
+popd
+
+# Build and copy the new runtime
+use_php 7.1
+pushd ../ext/google/protobuf
+make clean || true
+phpize && ./configure && make
+popd
+
+rm -rf protobuf/php/ext
+rm -rf protobuf/php/src
+cp -r ../ext protobuf/php/ext/
+cp -r ../src protobuf/php/src/
+
+# Download old version protoc compiler (for linux)
+wget $OLD_VERSION_PROTOC -O old_protoc
+chmod +x old_protoc
+
+NEW_PROTOC=`pwd`/../../src/protoc
+OLD_PROTOC=`pwd`/old_protoc
+cd protobuf/php
+composer install
+
+# Remove implementation detail tests.
+tests=( array_test.php encode_decode_test.php generated_class_test.php map_field_test.php well_known_test.php )
+sed -i.bak '/php_implementation_test.php/d' phpunit.xml
+sed -i.bak '/generated_phpdoc_test.php/d' phpunit.xml
+sed -i.bak 's/generated_phpdoc_test.php//g' tests/test.sh
+sed -i.bak 's/generated_service_test.php//g' tests/test.sh
+sed -i.bak '/memory_leak_test.php/d' tests/test.sh
+sed -i.bak '/^    public function testTimestamp()$/,/^    }$/d' tests/well_known_test.php
+sed -i.bak 's/PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase/\\PHPUnit\\Framework\\TestCase/g' tests/array_test.php
+sed -i.bak 's/PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase/\\PHPUnit\\Framework\\TestCase/g' tests/map_field_test.php
+sed -i.bak 's/PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase/\\PHPUnit\\Framework\\TestCase/g' tests/test_base.php
+for t in "${tests[@]}"
+do
+  remove_error_test tests/$t
+done
+
+cd tests
+
+# Test A.1:
+#   proto set 1: use old version
+#   proto set 2 which may import protos in set 1: use old version
+generate_proto $OLD_PROTOC $OLD_PROTOC
+./test.sh
+pushd ..
+./vendor/bin/phpunit
+popd
+
+# Test A.2:
+#   proto set 1: use new version
+#   proto set 2 which may import protos in set 1: use old version
+generate_proto $NEW_PROTOC $OLD_PROTOC
+./test.sh
+pushd ..
+./vendor/bin/phpunit
+popd
+
+# Test A.3:
+#   proto set 1: use old version
+#   proto set 2 which may import protos in set 1: use new version
+generate_proto $OLD_PROTOC $NEW_PROTOC
+./test.sh
+pushd ..
+./vendor/bin/phpunit
+popd
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/compile_extension.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/compile_extension.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2ffc51f14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/compile_extension.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+VERSION=$2
+
+export PATH=/usr/local/php-$VERSION/bin:$PATH
+export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php:$C_INCLUDE_PATH
+export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+
+pushd  ../ext/google/protobuf
+make clean || true
+set -e
+# Add following in configure for debug: --enable-debug CFLAGS='-g -O0'
+phpize && ./configure CFLAGS='-g -O0 -Wall' && make
+popd
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/descriptors_test.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/descriptors_test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60a6292cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/descriptors_test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once('generated/Descriptors/TestDescriptorsEnum.php');
+require_once('generated/Descriptors/TestDescriptorsMessage.php');
+require_once('test_base.php');
+require_once('test_util.php');
+
+use Google\Protobuf\DescriptorPool;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\MapField;
+use Descriptors\TestDescriptorsEnum;
+use Descriptors\TestDescriptorsMessage;
+use Descriptors\TestDescriptorsMessage\Sub;
+use Foo\TestMessage;
+use Bar\TestInclude;
+
+class DescriptorsTest extends TestBase
+{
+
+    // Redefine these here for compatibility with c extension
+    const GPBLABEL_OPTIONAL = 1;
+    const GPBLABEL_REQUIRED = 2;
+    const GPBLABEL_REPEATED = 3;
+
+    const GPBTYPE_DOUBLE   =  1;
+    const GPBTYPE_FLOAT    =  2;
+    const GPBTYPE_INT64    =  3;
+    const GPBTYPE_UINT64   =  4;
+    const GPBTYPE_INT32    =  5;
+    const GPBTYPE_FIXED64  =  6;
+    const GPBTYPE_FIXED32  =  7;
+    const GPBTYPE_BOOL     =  8;
+    const GPBTYPE_STRING   =  9;
+    const GPBTYPE_GROUP    = 10;
+    const GPBTYPE_MESSAGE  = 11;
+    const GPBTYPE_BYTES    = 12;
+    const GPBTYPE_UINT32   = 13;
+    const GPBTYPE_ENUM     = 14;
+    const GPBTYPE_SFIXED32 = 15;
+    const GPBTYPE_SFIXED64 = 16;
+    const GPBTYPE_SINT32   = 17;
+    const GPBTYPE_SINT64   = 18;
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test descriptor pool.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testDescriptorPool()
+    {
+        $pool = DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+        $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName(get_class(new TestDescriptorsMessage()));
+        $this->assertInstanceOf('\Google\Protobuf\Descriptor', $desc);
+
+        $enumDesc = $pool->getEnumDescriptorByClassName(get_class(new TestDescriptorsEnum()));
+        $this->assertInstanceOf('\Google\Protobuf\EnumDescriptor', $enumDesc);
+    }
+
+    public function testDescriptorPoolIncorrectArgs()
+    {
+        $pool = DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+        $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName('NotAClass');
+        $this->assertNull($desc);
+
+        $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName(get_class(new TestDescriptorsEnum()));
+        $this->assertNull($desc);
+
+        $enumDesc = $pool->getEnumDescriptorByClassName(get_class(new TestDescriptorsMessage()));
+        $this->assertNull($enumDesc);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test descriptor.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testDescriptor()
+    {
+        $pool = DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+        $class = get_class(new TestDescriptorsMessage());
+        $this->assertSame('Descriptors\TestDescriptorsMessage', $class);
+        $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName($class);
+
+        $this->assertSame('descriptors.TestDescriptorsMessage', $desc->getFullName());
+        $this->assertSame($class, $desc->getClass());
+
+        $this->assertInstanceOf('\Google\Protobuf\FieldDescriptor', $desc->getField(0));
+        $this->assertSame(7, $desc->getFieldCount());
+
+        $this->assertInstanceOf('\Google\Protobuf\OneofDescriptor', $desc->getOneofDecl(0));
+        $this->assertSame(1, $desc->getOneofDeclCount());
+    }
+
+    public function testDescriptorForIncludedMessage()
+    {
+        $pool = DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+        $class = get_class(new TestMessage());
+        $this->assertSame('Foo\TestMessage', $class);
+        $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName($class);
+        $fielddesc = $desc->getField(17);
+        $subdesc = $fielddesc->getMessageType();
+        $this->assertSame('Bar\TestInclude', $subdesc->getClass());
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test enum descriptor.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testEnumDescriptor()
+    {
+        // WARNINIG - we need to do this so that TestDescriptorsEnum is registered!!?
+        new TestDescriptorsMessage();
+
+        $pool = DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+        $enumDesc = $pool->getEnumDescriptorByClassName(get_class(new TestDescriptorsEnum()));
+
+        // Build map of enum values
+        $enumDescMap = [];
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $enumDesc->getValueCount(); $i++) {
+            $enumValueDesc = $enumDesc->getValue($i);
+            $this->assertInstanceOf('\Google\Protobuf\EnumValueDescriptor', $enumValueDesc);
+            $enumDescMap[$enumValueDesc->getNumber()] = $enumValueDesc->getName();
+        }
+
+        $this->assertSame('ZERO', $enumDescMap[0]);
+        $this->assertSame('ONE', $enumDescMap[1]);
+
+        $this->assertSame(2, $enumDesc->getValueCount());
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test field descriptor.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testFieldDescriptor()
+    {
+        $pool = DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+        $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName(get_class(new TestDescriptorsMessage()));
+
+        $fieldDescMap = $this->buildFieldMap($desc);
+
+        // Optional int field
+        $fieldDesc = $fieldDescMap[1];
+        $this->assertSame('optional_int32', $fieldDesc->getName());
+        $this->assertSame(1, $fieldDesc->getNumber());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBLABEL_OPTIONAL, $fieldDesc->getLabel());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBTYPE_INT32, $fieldDesc->getType());
+        $this->assertFalse($fieldDesc->isMap());
+
+        // Optional enum field
+        $fieldDesc = $fieldDescMap[16];
+        $this->assertSame('optional_enum', $fieldDesc->getName());
+        $this->assertSame(16, $fieldDesc->getNumber());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBLABEL_OPTIONAL, $fieldDesc->getLabel());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBTYPE_ENUM, $fieldDesc->getType());
+        $this->assertInstanceOf('\Google\Protobuf\EnumDescriptor', $fieldDesc->getEnumType());
+        $this->assertFalse($fieldDesc->isMap());
+
+        // Optional message field
+        $fieldDesc = $fieldDescMap[17];
+        $this->assertSame('optional_message', $fieldDesc->getName());
+        $this->assertSame(17, $fieldDesc->getNumber());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBLABEL_OPTIONAL, $fieldDesc->getLabel());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBTYPE_MESSAGE, $fieldDesc->getType());
+        $this->assertInstanceOf('\Google\Protobuf\Descriptor', $fieldDesc->getMessageType());
+        $this->assertFalse($fieldDesc->isMap());
+
+        // Repeated int field
+        $fieldDesc = $fieldDescMap[31];
+        $this->assertSame('repeated_int32', $fieldDesc->getName());
+        $this->assertSame(31, $fieldDesc->getNumber());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBLABEL_REPEATED, $fieldDesc->getLabel());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBTYPE_INT32, $fieldDesc->getType());
+        $this->assertFalse($fieldDesc->isMap());
+
+        // Repeated message field
+        $fieldDesc = $fieldDescMap[47];
+        $this->assertSame('repeated_message', $fieldDesc->getName());
+        $this->assertSame(47, $fieldDesc->getNumber());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBLABEL_REPEATED, $fieldDesc->getLabel());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBTYPE_MESSAGE, $fieldDesc->getType());
+        $this->assertInstanceOf('\Google\Protobuf\Descriptor', $fieldDesc->getMessageType());
+        $this->assertFalse($fieldDesc->isMap());
+
+        // Oneof int field
+        // Tested further in testOneofDescriptor()
+        $fieldDesc = $fieldDescMap[51];
+        $this->assertSame('oneof_int32', $fieldDesc->getName());
+        $this->assertSame(51, $fieldDesc->getNumber());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBLABEL_OPTIONAL, $fieldDesc->getLabel());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBTYPE_INT32, $fieldDesc->getType());
+        $this->assertFalse($fieldDesc->isMap());
+
+        // Map int-enum field
+        $fieldDesc = $fieldDescMap[71];
+        $this->assertSame('map_int32_enum', $fieldDesc->getName());
+        $this->assertSame(71, $fieldDesc->getNumber());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBLABEL_REPEATED, $fieldDesc->getLabel());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBTYPE_MESSAGE, $fieldDesc->getType());
+        $this->assertTrue($fieldDesc->isMap());
+        $mapDesc = $fieldDesc->getMessageType();
+        $this->assertSame('descriptors.TestDescriptorsMessage.MapInt32EnumEntry', $mapDesc->getFullName());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBTYPE_INT32, $mapDesc->getField(0)->getType());
+        $this->assertSame(self::GPBTYPE_ENUM, $mapDesc->getField(1)->getType());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException \Exception
+     */
+    public function testFieldDescriptorEnumException()
+    {
+        $pool = DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+        $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName(get_class(new TestDescriptorsMessage()));
+        $fieldDesc = $desc->getField(0);
+        $fieldDesc->getEnumType();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException \Exception
+     */
+    public function testFieldDescriptorMessageException()
+    {
+        $pool = DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+        $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName(get_class(new TestDescriptorsMessage()));
+        $fieldDesc = $desc->getField(0);
+        $fieldDesc->getMessageType();
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test oneof descriptor.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testOneofDescriptor()
+    {
+        $pool = DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+        $desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName(get_class(new TestDescriptorsMessage()));
+
+        $fieldDescMap = $this->buildFieldMap($desc);
+        $fieldDesc = $fieldDescMap[51];
+
+        $oneofDesc = $desc->getOneofDecl(0);
+
+        $this->assertSame('my_oneof', $oneofDesc->getName());
+        $fieldDescFromOneof = $oneofDesc->getField(0);
+        $this->assertSame($fieldDesc, $fieldDescFromOneof);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $oneofDesc->getFieldCount());
+    }
+
+    private function buildFieldMap($desc)
+    {
+        $fieldDescMap = [];
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $desc->getFieldCount(); $i++) {
+            $fieldDesc = $desc->getField($i);
+            $fieldDescMap[$fieldDesc->getNumber()] = $fieldDesc;
+        }
+        return $fieldDescMap;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/encode_decode_test.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/encode_decode_test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..319e3321d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/encode_decode_test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,1455 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once('test_base.php');
+require_once('test_util.php');
+
+use Google\Protobuf\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\GPBType;
+use Foo\TestInt32Value;
+use Foo\TestInt64Value;
+use Foo\TestUInt32Value;
+use Foo\TestUInt64Value;
+use Foo\TestBoolValue;
+use Foo\TestStringValue;
+use Foo\TestBytesValue;
+use Foo\TestAny;
+use Foo\TestEnum;
+use Foo\TestMessage;
+use Foo\TestMessage\Sub;
+use Foo\TestPackedMessage;
+use Foo\TestRandomFieldOrder;
+use Foo\TestUnpackedMessage;
+use Google\Protobuf\Any;
+use Google\Protobuf\DoubleValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\FieldMask;
+use Google\Protobuf\FloatValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\Int32Value;
+use Google\Protobuf\UInt32Value;
+use Google\Protobuf\Int64Value;
+use Google\Protobuf\UInt64Value;
+use Google\Protobuf\BoolValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\StringValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\BytesValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\Value;
+use Google\Protobuf\ListValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\Struct;
+use Google\Protobuf\GPBEmpty;
+
+class EncodeDecodeTest extends TestBase
+{
+    public function testDecodeJsonSimple()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"optionalInt32\":1}");
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelBoolValue()
+    {
+        $m = new BoolValue();
+
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("true");
+        $this->assertEquals(true, $m->getValue());
+
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("false");
+        $this->assertEquals(false, $m->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelBoolValue()
+    {
+        $m = new BoolValue();
+        $m->setValue(true);
+        $this->assertSame("true", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelDoubleValue()
+    {
+        $m = new DoubleValue();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("1.5");
+        $this->assertEquals(1.5, $m->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelDoubleValue()
+    {
+        $m = new DoubleValue();
+        $m->setValue(1.5);
+        $this->assertSame("1.5", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelFloatValue()
+    {
+        $m = new FloatValue();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("1.5");
+        $this->assertEquals(1.5, $m->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelFloatValue()
+    {
+        $m = new FloatValue();
+        $m->setValue(1.5);
+        $this->assertSame("1.5", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelInt32Value()
+    {
+        $m = new Int32Value();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("1");
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $m->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelInt32Value()
+    {
+        $m = new Int32Value();
+        $m->setValue(1);
+        $this->assertSame("1", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeRepeatedInt32Value()
+    {
+        $m = new TestInt32Value();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"repeated_field\":[12345]}");
+        $this->assertSame(12345, $m->getRepeatedField()[0]->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelUInt32Value()
+    {
+        $m = new UInt32Value();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("1");
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $m->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelUInt32Value()
+    {
+        $m = new UInt32Value();
+        $m->setValue(1);
+        $this->assertSame("1", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelInt64Value()
+    {
+        $m = new Int64Value();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("1");
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $m->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelInt64ValueAsString()
+    {
+        $m = new Int64Value();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("\"1\"");
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $m->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelInt64Value()
+    {
+        $m = new Int64Value();
+        $m->setValue(1);
+        $this->assertSame("\"1\"", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelUInt64Value()
+    {
+        $m = new UInt64Value();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("1");
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $m->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelUInt64ValueAsString()
+    {
+        $m = new UInt64Value();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("\"1\"");
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $m->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelUInt64Value()
+    {
+        $m = new UInt64Value();
+        $m->setValue(1);
+        $this->assertSame("\"1\"", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelStringValue()
+    {
+        $m = new StringValue();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("\"a\"");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelStringValue()
+    {
+        $m = new StringValue();
+        $m->setValue("a");
+        $this->assertSame("\"a\"", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeRepeatedStringValue()
+    {
+        $m = new TestStringValue();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"repeated_field\":[\"a\"]}");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getRepeatedField()[0]->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeMapStringValue()
+    {
+        $m = new TestStringValue();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"map_field\":{\"1\": \"a\"}}");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getMapField()[1]->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelBytesValue()
+    {
+        $m = new BytesValue();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("\"YQ==\"");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelBytesValue()
+    {
+        $m = new BytesValue();
+        $m->setValue("a");
+        $this->assertSame("\"YQ==\"", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function generateRandomString($length = 10) {
+        $randomString = str_repeat("+", $length);
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {
+            $randomString[$i] = rand(0, 255);
+        }
+        return $randomString;
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelLongBytesValue()
+    {
+        $m = new BytesValue();
+        $data = $this->generateRandomString(12007);
+        $m->setValue($data);
+        $expected = "\"" . base64_encode($data) . "\"";
+        $this->assertSame(strlen($expected), strlen($m->serializeToJsonString()));
+    }
+
+    public function testEncode()
+    {
+        $from = new TestMessage();
+        $this->expectEmptyFields($from);
+        $this->setFields($from);
+        $this->expectFields($from);
+
+        $data = $from->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertSame(bin2hex(TestUtil::getGoldenTestMessage()),
+                          bin2hex($data));
+    }
+
+    public function testDecode()
+    {
+        $to = new TestMessage();
+        $to->mergeFromString(TestUtil::getGoldenTestMessage());
+        $this->expectFields($to);
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeDecode()
+    {
+        $from = new TestMessage();
+        $this->expectEmptyFields($from);
+        $this->setFields($from);
+        $this->expectFields($from);
+
+        $data = $from->serializeToString();
+
+        $to = new TestMessage();
+        $to->mergeFromString($data);
+        $this->expectFields($to);
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeDecodeEmpty()
+    {
+        $from = new TestMessage();
+        $this->expectEmptyFields($from);
+
+        $data = $from->serializeToString();
+
+        $to = new TestMessage();
+        $to->mergeFromString($data);
+        $this->expectEmptyFields($to);
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeDecodeOneof()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        $m->setOneofInt32(1);
+        $data = $m->serializeToString();
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $n->mergeFromString($data);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $n->getOneofInt32());
+
+        $m->setOneofFloat(2.0);
+        $data = $m->serializeToString();
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $n->mergeFromString($data);
+        $this->assertSame(2.0, $n->getOneofFloat());
+
+        $m->setOneofString('abc');
+        $data = $m->serializeToString();
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $n->mergeFromString($data);
+        $this->assertSame('abc', $n->getOneofString());
+
+        $sub_m = new Sub();
+        $sub_m->setA(1);
+        $m->setOneofMessage($sub_m);
+        $data = $m->serializeToString();
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $n->mergeFromString($data);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $n->getOneofMessage()->getA());
+
+        // Encode default value
+        $m->setOneofEnum(TestEnum::ZERO);
+        $data = $m->serializeToString();
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $n->mergeFromString($data);
+        $this->assertSame("oneof_enum", $n->getMyOneof());
+        $this->assertSame(TestEnum::ZERO, $n->getOneofEnum());
+
+        $m->setOneofString("");
+        $data = $m->serializeToString();
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $n->mergeFromString($data);
+        $this->assertSame("oneof_string", $n->getMyOneof());
+        $this->assertSame("", $n->getOneofString());
+
+        $sub_m = new Sub();
+        $m->setOneofMessage($sub_m);
+        $data = $m->serializeToString();
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $n->mergeFromString($data);
+        $this->assertSame("oneof_message", $n->getMyOneof());
+        $this->assertFalse(is_null($n->getOneofMessage()));
+
+    }
+
+    public function testJsonEncodeDecodeOneof()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        $m->setOneofEnum(TestEnum::ONE);
+        $data = $m->serializeToJsonString();
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $n->mergeFromJsonString($data);
+        $this->assertSame("oneof_enum", $n->getMyOneof());
+        $this->assertSame(TestEnum::ONE, $n->getOneofEnum());
+
+        $m->setOneofString("a");
+        $data = $m->serializeToJsonString();
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $n->mergeFromJsonString($data);
+        $this->assertSame("oneof_string", $n->getMyOneof());
+        $this->assertSame("a", $n->getOneofString());
+
+        $m->setOneofBytes("bbbb");
+        $data = $m->serializeToJsonString();
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $n->mergeFromJsonString($data);
+        $this->assertSame("oneof_bytes", $n->getMyOneof());
+        $this->assertSame("bbbb", $n->getOneofBytes());
+
+        $sub_m = new Sub();
+        $m->setOneofMessage($sub_m);
+        $data = $m->serializeToJsonString();
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $n->mergeFromJsonString($data);
+        $this->assertSame("oneof_message", $n->getMyOneof());
+        $this->assertFalse(is_null($n->getOneofMessage()));
+    }
+
+    public function testPackedEncode()
+    {
+        $from = new TestPackedMessage();
+        TestUtil::setTestPackedMessage($from);
+        $this->assertSame(TestUtil::getGoldenTestPackedMessage(),
+                          $from->serializeToString());
+    }
+
+    public function testPackedDecodePacked()
+    {
+        $to = new TestPackedMessage();
+        $to->mergeFromString(TestUtil::getGoldenTestPackedMessage());
+        TestUtil::assertTestPackedMessage($to);
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testPackedDecodeUnpacked()
+    {
+        $to = new TestPackedMessage();
+        $to->mergeFromString(TestUtil::getGoldenTestUnpackedMessage());
+        TestUtil::assertTestPackedMessage($to);
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testUnpackedEncode()
+    {
+        $from = new TestUnpackedMessage();
+        TestUtil::setTestPackedMessage($from);
+        $this->assertSame(TestUtil::getGoldenTestUnpackedMessage(),
+                          $from->serializeToString());
+    }
+
+    public function testUnpackedDecodePacked()
+    {
+        $to = new TestUnpackedMessage();
+        $to->mergeFromString(TestUtil::getGoldenTestPackedMessage());
+        TestUtil::assertTestPackedMessage($to);
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testUnpackedDecodeUnpacked()
+    {
+        $to = new TestUnpackedMessage();
+        $to->mergeFromString(TestUtil::getGoldenTestUnpackedMessage());
+        TestUtil::assertTestPackedMessage($to);
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeInt64()
+    {
+        // Read 64 testing
+        $testVals = array(
+            '10'                 => '100a',
+            '100'                => '1064',
+            '800'                => '10a006',
+            '6400'               => '108032',
+            '70400'              => '1080a604',
+            '774400'             => '1080a22f',
+            '9292800'            => '108098b704',
+            '74342400'           => '1080c0b923',
+            '743424000'          => '108080bfe202',
+            '8177664000'         => '108080b5bb1e',
+            '65421312000'        => '108080a8dbf301',
+            '785055744000'       => '108080e0c7ec16',
+            '9420668928000'      => '10808080dd969202',
+            '103627358208000'    => '10808080fff9c717',
+            '1139900940288000'   => '10808080f5bd978302',
+            '13678811283456000'  => '10808080fce699a618',
+            '109430490267648000' => '10808080e0b7ceb1c201',
+            '984874412408832000' => '10808080e0f5c1bed50d',
+        );
+
+        $msg = new TestMessage();
+        foreach ($testVals as $original => $encoded) {
+            $msg->setOptionalInt64($original);
+            $data = $msg->serializeToString();
+            $this->assertSame($encoded, bin2hex($data));
+            $msg->setOptionalInt64(0);
+            $msg->mergeFromString($data);
+            $this->assertEquals($original, $msg->getOptionalInt64());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeToExistingMessage()
+    {
+        $m1 = new TestMessage();
+        $this->setFields($m1);
+        $this->expectFields($m1);
+
+        $m2 = new TestMessage();
+        $this->setFields2($m2);
+        $data = $m2->serializeToString();
+
+        $m1->mergeFromString($data);
+        $this->expectFieldsMerged($m1);
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeFieldNonExist()
+    {
+        $data = hex2bin('c80501');
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString($data);
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeNegativeInt32()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalInt32(-1);
+        $data = $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertSame("08ffffffffffffffffff01", bin2hex($data));
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeNegativeInt32()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $this->assertEquals(0, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin("08ffffffffffffffffff01"));
+        $this->assertEquals(-1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $this->assertEquals(0, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin("08ffffffff0f"));
+        $this->assertEquals(-1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+    }
+
+    public function testRandomFieldOrder()
+    {
+        $m = new TestRandomFieldOrder();
+        $data = $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertSame("", $data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidInt32()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('08'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidSubMessage()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('9A010108'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidInt64()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('10'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidUInt32()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('18'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidUInt64()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('20'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidSInt32()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('28'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidSInt64()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('30'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidFixed32()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('3D'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidFixed64()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('41'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidSFixed32()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('4D'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidSFixed64()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('51'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidFloat()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('5D'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidDouble()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('61'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidBool()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('68'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidStringLengthMiss()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('72'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidStringDataMiss()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('7201'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidBytesLengthMiss()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('7A'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidBytesDataMiss()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('7A01'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidEnum()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('8001'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidMessageLengthMiss()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('8A01'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidMessageDataMiss()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('8A0101'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidPackedMessageLength()
+    {
+        $m = new TestPackedMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('D205'));
+    }
+
+    public function testUnknown()
+    {
+        // Test preserve unknown for varint.
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $from = hex2bin('F80601');  // TODO(teboring): Add a util to encode
+                                    // varint for better readability
+        $m->mergeFromString($from);
+        $to = $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertSame(bin2hex($from), bin2hex($to));
+
+        // Test preserve unknown for 64-bit.
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $from = hex2bin('F9060000000000000000');
+        $m->mergeFromString($from);
+        $to = $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertSame(bin2hex($from), bin2hex($to));
+
+        // Test preserve unknown for length delimited.
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $from = hex2bin('FA0600');
+        $m->mergeFromString($from);
+        $to = $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertSame(bin2hex($from), bin2hex($to));
+
+        // Test preserve unknown for 32-bit.
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $from = hex2bin('FD0600000000');
+        $m->mergeFromString($from);
+        $to = $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertSame(bin2hex($from), bin2hex($to));
+
+        // Test discard unknown in message.
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $from = hex2bin('F80601');
+        $m->mergeFromString($from);
+        $m->discardUnknownFields();
+        $to = $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertSame("", bin2hex($to));
+
+        // Test discard unknown for singular message field.
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $from = hex2bin('8A0103F80601');
+        $m->mergeFromString($from);
+        $m->discardUnknownFields();
+        $to = $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertSame("8a0100", bin2hex($to));
+
+        // Test discard unknown for repeated message field.
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $from = hex2bin('FA0203F80601');
+        $m->mergeFromString($from);
+        $m->discardUnknownFields();
+        $to = $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertSame("fa0200", bin2hex($to));
+
+        // Test discard unknown for map message value field.
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $from = hex2bin("BA050708011203F80601");
+        $m->mergeFromString($from);
+        $m->discardUnknownFields();
+        $to = $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertSame("ba050408011200", bin2hex($to));
+
+        // Test discard unknown for singular message field.
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $from = hex2bin('9A0403F80601');
+        $m->mergeFromString($from);
+        $m->discardUnknownFields();
+        $to = $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertSame("9a0400", bin2hex($to));
+    }
+
+    public function testJsonUnknown()
+    {
+        // Test unknown number
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":1,
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown bool
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":true,
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown string
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":\"abc\",
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown null
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":null,
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown array
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":[],
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown number array
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":[1],
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown bool array
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":[true],
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown string array
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":[\"a\"],
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown null array
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":[null],
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown array array
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":[[]],
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown object array
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":[{}],
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown double value array
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":[1, 2],
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown object
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":{},
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown number object
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":{\"a\":1},
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown bool object
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":{\"a\":true},
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown string object
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":{\"a\":\"a\"},
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown null object
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":{\"a\":null},
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown array object
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":{\"a\":[]},
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown object object
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":{\"a\":{}},
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Test unknown double value object
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"unknown\":{\"a\":1, \"b\":1},
+                                \"optionalInt32\":1}", true);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+    }
+
+    public function testJsonEncode()
+    {
+        $from = new TestMessage();
+        $this->setFields($from);
+        $data = $from->serializeToJsonString();
+        $to = new TestMessage();
+        $to->mergeFromJsonString($data);
+        $this->expectFields($to);
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeDuration()
+    {
+        $m = new Google\Protobuf\Duration();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("\"1234.5678s\"");
+        $this->assertEquals(1234, $m->getSeconds());
+        $this->assertEquals(567800000, $m->getNanos());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeDuration()
+    {
+        $m = new Google\Protobuf\Duration();
+        $m->setSeconds(1234);
+        $m->setNanos(999999999);
+        $this->assertEquals("\"1234.999999999s\"", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTimestamp()
+    {
+        $m = new Google\Protobuf\Timestamp();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("\"2000-01-01T00:00:00.123456789Z\"");
+        $this->assertEquals(946684800, $m->getSeconds());
+        $this->assertEquals(123456789, $m->getNanos());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTimestamp()
+    {
+        $m = new Google\Protobuf\Timestamp();
+        $m->setSeconds(946684800);
+        $m->setNanos(123456789);
+        $this->assertEquals("\"2000-01-01T00:00:00.123456789Z\"",
+                            $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelValue()
+    {
+        $m = new Value();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("\"a\"");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getStringValue());
+
+        $m = new Value();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("1.5");
+        $this->assertSame(1.5, $m->getNumberValue());
+
+        $m = new Value();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("true");
+        $this->assertSame(true, $m->getBoolValue());
+
+        $m = new Value();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("null");
+        $this->assertSame("null_value", $m->getKind());
+
+        $m = new Value();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("[1]");
+        $this->assertSame("list_value", $m->getKind());
+
+        $m = new Value();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"a\":1}");
+        $this->assertSame("struct_value", $m->getKind());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelValue()
+    {
+        $m = new Value();
+        $m->setStringValue("a");
+        $this->assertSame("\"a\"", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+
+        $m = new Value();
+        $m->setNumberValue(1.5);
+        $this->assertSame("1.5", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+
+        $m = new Value();
+        $m->setBoolValue(true);
+        $this->assertSame("true", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+
+        $m = new Value();
+        $m->setNullValue(0);
+        $this->assertSame("null", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelListValue()
+    {
+        $m = new ListValue();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("[1]");
+        $this->assertSame(1.0, $m->getValues()[0]->getNumberValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelListValue()
+    {
+        $m = new ListValue();
+        $arr = $m->getValues();
+        $sub = new Value();
+        $sub->setNumberValue(1.5);
+        $arr[] = $sub;
+        $this->assertSame("[1.5]", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeEmptyListValue()
+    {
+        $m = new Struct();
+        $m->setFields(['test' => (new Value())->setListValue(new ListValue())]);
+        $this->assertSame('{"test":[]}', $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelStruct()
+    {
+        $m = new Struct();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"a\":{\"b\":1}}");
+        $this->assertSame(1.0, $m->getFields()["a"]
+                                 ->getStructValue()
+                                 ->getFields()["b"]->getNumberValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelStruct()
+    {
+        $m = new Struct();
+        $map = $m->getFields();
+        $sub = new Value();
+        $sub->setNumberValue(1.5);
+        $map["a"] = $sub;
+        $this->assertSame("{\"a\":1.5}", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeEmptyStruct()
+    {
+        $m = new Struct();
+        $m->setFields(['test' => (new Value())->setStructValue(new Struct())]);
+        $this->assertSame('{"test":{}}', $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelAny()
+    {
+        // Make sure packed message has been created at least once.
+        $packed = new TestMessage();
+
+        $m1 = new Any();
+        $m1->mergeFromJsonString(
+            "{\"optionalInt32\": 1, " .
+            "\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage\"}");
+        $this->assertSame("type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage",
+                          $m1->getTypeUrl());
+        $this->assertSame("0801", bin2hex($m1->getValue()));
+
+        $m2 = new Any();
+        $m2->mergeFromJsonString(
+            "{\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage\", " .
+            "\"optionalInt32\": 1}");
+        $this->assertSame("type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage",
+                          $m2->getTypeUrl());
+        $this->assertSame("0801", bin2hex($m2->getValue()));
+
+        $m3 = new Any();
+        $m3->mergeFromJsonString(
+            "{\"optionalInt32\": 1, " .
+            "\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage\", " .
+            "\"optionalInt64\": 2}");
+        $this->assertSame("type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage",
+                          $m3->getTypeUrl());
+        $this->assertSame("08011002", bin2hex($m3->getValue()));
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeAny()
+    {
+        // Make sure packed message has been created at least once.
+        $packed = new TestMessage();
+
+        $m1 = new TestAny();
+        $m1->mergeFromJsonString(
+            "{\"any\": {\"optionalInt32\": 1, " .
+            "\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage\"}}");
+        $this->assertSame("type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage",
+                          $m1->getAny()->getTypeUrl());
+        $this->assertSame("0801", bin2hex($m1->getAny()->getValue()));
+
+        $m2 = new TestAny();
+        $m2->mergeFromJsonString(
+            "{\"any\":{\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage\", " .
+            "\"optionalInt32\": 1}}");
+        $this->assertSame("type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage",
+                          $m2->getAny()->getTypeUrl());
+        $this->assertSame("0801", bin2hex($m2->getAny()->getValue()));
+
+        $m3 = new TestAny();
+        $m3->mergeFromJsonString(
+            "{\"any\":{\"optionalInt32\": 1, " .
+            "\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage\", " .
+            "\"optionalInt64\": 2}}");
+        $this->assertSame("type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage",
+                          $m3->getAny()->getTypeUrl());
+        $this->assertSame("08011002", bin2hex($m3->getAny()->getValue()));
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeAnyWithWellKnownPacked()
+    {
+        // Make sure packed message has been created at least once.
+        $packed = new Int32Value();
+
+        $m1 = new TestAny();
+        $m1->mergeFromJsonString(
+            "{\"any\":" .
+            "  {\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value\"," .
+            "   \"value\":1}}");
+        $this->assertSame("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value",
+                          $m1->getAny()->getTypeUrl());
+        $this->assertSame("0801", bin2hex($m1->getAny()->getValue()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testDecodeAnyWithUnknownPacked()
+    {
+        $m = new TestAny();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString(
+            "{\"any\":" .
+            "  {\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/unknown\"," .
+            "   \"value\":1}}");
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelAny()
+    {
+        // Test a normal message.
+        $packed = new TestMessage();
+        $packed->setOptionalInt32(123);
+        $packed->setOptionalString("abc");
+
+        $m = new Any();
+        $m->pack($packed);
+        $expected1 =
+            "{\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage\"," .
+            "\"optional_int32\":123,\"optional_string\":\"abc\"}";
+        $expected2 =
+            "{\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage\"," .
+            "\"optionalInt32\":123,\"optionalString\":\"abc\"}";
+        $result = $m->serializeToJsonString();
+        $this->assertTrue($expected1 === $result || $expected2 === $result);
+
+        // Test a well known message.
+        $packed = new Int32Value();
+        $packed->setValue(123);
+
+        $m = new Any();
+        $m->pack($packed);
+        $this->assertSame(
+            "{\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value\"," .
+            "\"value\":123}",
+            $m->serializeToJsonString());
+
+        // Test an Any message.
+        $outer = new Any();
+        $outer->pack($m);
+        $this->assertSame(
+            "{\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any\"," .
+            "\"value\":{\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value\"," .
+            "\"value\":123}}",
+            $outer->serializeToJsonString());
+
+        // Test a Timestamp message.
+        $packed = new Google\Protobuf\Timestamp();
+        $packed->setSeconds(946684800);
+        $packed->setNanos(123456789);
+        $m = new Any();
+        $m->pack($packed);
+        $this->assertSame(
+            "{\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp\"," .
+            "\"value\":\"2000-01-01T00:00:00.123456789Z\"}",
+            $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeAnyWithDefaultWrapperMessagePacked()
+    {
+        $any = new Any();
+        $any->pack(new TestInt32Value([
+            'field' => new Int32Value(['value' => 0]),
+        ]));
+        $this->assertSame(
+            "{\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/foo.TestInt32Value\"," .
+            "\"field\":0}",
+            $any->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeTopLevelFieldMask()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setMapStringString(['a'=>'abcdefg']);
+        $data1 = $m->serializeToJsonString();
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $n->mergeFromJsonString($data1);
+        $data2 = $n->serializeToJsonString();
+        $this->assertSame($data1, $data2);
+
+        $m = new FieldMask();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("\"foo.barBaz,qux\"");
+        $this->assertSame("foo.bar_baz", $m->getPaths()[0]);
+        $this->assertSame("qux", $m->getPaths()[1]);
+    }
+
+    public function testEncodeTopLevelFieldMask()
+    {
+        $m = new FieldMask();
+        $m->setPaths(["foo.bar_baz", "qux"]);
+        $this->assertSame("\"foo.barBaz,qux\"", $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testDecodeEmptyFieldMask()
+    {
+        $m = new FieldMask();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("\"\"");
+        $this->assertEquals("", $m->serializeToString());
+    }
+
+    public function testJsonDecodeMapWithDefaultValueKey()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->getMapInt32Int32()[0] = 0;
+        $this->assertSame("{\"mapInt32Int32\":{\"0\":0}}",
+                          $m->serializeToJsonString());
+
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->getMapStringString()[""] = "";
+        $this->assertSame("{\"mapStringString\":{\"\":\"\"}}",
+                          $m->serializeToJsonString());
+    }
+
+    public function testJsonDecodeNumericStringMapKey()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->getMapStringString()["1"] = "1";
+        $data = $m->serializeToJsonString();
+        $this->assertSame("{\"mapStringString\":{\"1\":\"1\"}}", $data);
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $n->mergeFromJsonString($data);
+    }
+
+    public function testMessageMapNoValue()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin("CA0700"));
+        $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testAnyMapNoValue()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin("D20700"));
+        $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testListValueMapNoValue()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin("DA0700"));
+        $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testStructMapNoValue()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(hex2bin("E20700"));
+        $m->serializeToString();
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider wrappersDataProvider
+     */
+    public function testWrapperJsonDecodeAndGet(
+        $class,
+        $nonDefaultValue,
+        $nonDefaultValueData,
+        $defaultValue,
+        $defaultValueData
+    )
+    {
+        // Singular with non-default
+        $m = new $class();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"field\":" . $nonDefaultValueData . "}");
+        $wrapper = $m->getField();
+        $this->assertEquals($nonDefaultValue, $wrapper->getValue());
+
+        // Singular with default
+        $m = new $class();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"field\":" . $defaultValueData . "}");
+        $wrapper = $m->getField();
+        $this->assertEquals($defaultValue, $wrapper->getValue());
+
+        // Repeated with empty
+        $m = new $class();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"repeated_field\":[]}");
+        $repeatedWrapper = $m->getRepeatedField();
+        $this->assertSame(0, count($repeatedWrapper));
+
+        // Repeated with non-default
+        $m = new $class();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"repeated_field\":[" . $defaultValueData . "]}");
+        $repeatedWrapper = $m->getRepeatedField();
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($repeatedWrapper));
+        $this->assertEquals($defaultValue, $repeatedWrapper[0]->getValue());
+
+        // Repeated with default
+        $m = new $class();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"repeated_field\":[" . $defaultValueData . "]}");
+        $repeatedWrapper = $m->getRepeatedField();
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($repeatedWrapper));
+        $this->assertEquals($defaultValue, $repeatedWrapper[0]->getValue());
+
+        // Oneof with non-default
+        $m = new $class();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"oneof_field\":" . $nonDefaultValueData . "}");
+        $wrapper = $m->getOneofField();
+        $this->assertEquals($nonDefaultValue, $wrapper->getValue());
+        $this->assertEquals("oneof_field", $m->getOneofFields());
+        $this->assertEquals(0, $m->getInt32Field());
+
+        // Oneof with default
+        $m = new $class();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"oneof_field\":" . $defaultValueData . "}");
+        $wrapper = $m->getOneofField();
+        $this->assertEquals($defaultValue, $wrapper->getValue());
+        $this->assertEquals("oneof_field", $m->getOneofFields());
+        $this->assertEquals(0, $m->getInt32Field());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider wrappersDataProvider
+     */
+    public function testWrapperJsonDecodeAndGetUnwrapped(
+        $class,
+        $nonDefaultValue,
+        $nonDefaultValueData,
+        $defaultValue,
+        $defaultValueData
+    )
+    {
+        // Singular with non-default
+        $m = new $class();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"field\":" . $nonDefaultValueData . "}");
+        $this->assertEquals($nonDefaultValue, $m->getFieldUnwrapped());
+
+        // Singular with default
+        $m = new $class();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"field\":" . $defaultValueData . "}");
+        $this->assertEquals($defaultValue, $m->getFieldUnwrapped());
+
+        // Oneof with non-default
+        $m = new $class();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"oneof_field\":" . $nonDefaultValueData . "}");
+        $this->assertEquals($nonDefaultValue, $m->getOneofFieldUnwrapped());
+        $this->assertEquals("oneof_field", $m->getOneofFields());
+        $this->assertEquals(0, $m->getInt32Field());
+
+        // Oneof with default
+        $m = new $class();
+        $m->mergeFromJsonString("{\"oneof_field\":" . $defaultValueData . "}");
+        $this->assertEquals($defaultValue, $m->getOneofFieldUnwrapped());
+        $this->assertEquals("oneof_field", $m->getOneofFields());
+        $this->assertEquals(0, $m->getInt32Field());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider wrappersDataProvider
+     */
+    public function testWrapperJsonDecodeEncode(
+        $class,
+        $nonDefaultValue,
+        $nonDefaultValueData,
+        $defaultValue,
+        $defaultValueData
+    )
+    {
+        // Singular with non-default
+        $from = new $class();
+        $to = new $class();
+        $from->mergeFromJsonString("{\"field\":" . $nonDefaultValueData . "}");
+        $data = $from->serializeToJsonString();
+        $to->mergeFromJsonString($data);
+        $this->assertEquals($nonDefaultValue, $to->getFieldUnwrapped());
+
+        // Singular with default
+        $from = new $class();
+        $to = new $class();
+        $from->mergeFromJsonString("{\"field\":" . $defaultValueData . "}");
+        $data = $from->serializeToJsonString();
+        $to->mergeFromJsonString($data);
+        $this->assertEquals($defaultValue, $to->getFieldUnwrapped());
+
+        // Oneof with non-default
+        $from = new $class();
+        $to = new $class();
+        $from->mergeFromJsonString("{\"oneof_field\":" . $nonDefaultValueData . "}");
+        $data = $from->serializeToJsonString();
+        $to->mergeFromJsonString($data);
+        $this->assertEquals($nonDefaultValue, $to->getOneofFieldUnwrapped());
+
+        // Oneof with default
+        $from = new $class();
+        $to = new $class();
+        $from->mergeFromJsonString("{\"oneof_field\":" . $defaultValueData . "}");
+        $data = $from->serializeToJsonString();
+        $to->mergeFromJsonString($data);
+        $this->assertEquals($defaultValue, $to->getOneofFieldUnwrapped());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider wrappersDataProvider
+     */
+    public function testWrapperSetUnwrappedJsonEncode(
+        $class,
+        $nonDefaultValue,
+        $nonDefaultValueData,
+        $defaultValue,
+        $defaultValueData
+    )
+    {
+        // Singular with non-default
+        $from = new $class();
+        $to = new $class();
+        $from->setFieldUnwrapped($nonDefaultValue);
+        $data = $from->serializeToJsonString();
+        $to->mergeFromJsonString($data);
+        $this->assertEquals($nonDefaultValue, $to->getFieldUnwrapped());
+
+        // Singular with default
+        $from = new $class();
+        $to = new $class();
+        $from->setFieldUnwrapped($defaultValue);
+        $data = $from->serializeToJsonString();
+        $to->mergeFromJsonString($data);
+        $this->assertEquals($defaultValue, $to->getFieldUnwrapped());
+
+        // Oneof with non-default
+        $from = new $class();
+        $to = new $class();
+        $from->setOneofFieldUnwrapped($nonDefaultValue);
+        $data = $from->serializeToJsonString();
+        $to->mergeFromJsonString($data);
+        $this->assertEquals($nonDefaultValue, $to->getOneofFieldUnwrapped());
+
+        // Oneof with default
+        $from = new $class();
+        $to = new $class();
+        $from->setOneofFieldUnwrapped($defaultValue);
+        $data = $from->serializeToJsonString();
+        $to->mergeFromJsonString($data);
+        $this->assertEquals($defaultValue, $to->getOneofFieldUnwrapped());
+    }
+
+    public function wrappersDataProvider()
+    {
+        return [
+            [TestInt32Value::class, 1, "1", 0, "0"],
+            [TestStringValue::class, "a", "\"a\"", "", "\"\""],
+        ];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/gdb_test.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/gdb_test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..da5f3f3ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/gdb_test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+VERSION=$1
+
+export PATH=/usr/local/php-$VERSION/bin:$PATH
+export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php:$C_INCLUDE_PATH
+export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+
+php -i | grep "Configuration"
+
+# gdb --args php -dextension=../ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so `which
+# phpunit` --bootstrap autoload.php tmp_test.php
+#
+# gdb --args php -dextension=../ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so `which phpunit` --bootstrap autoload.php generated_class_test.php
+gdb --args php -dextension=../ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so `which phpunit` --bootstrap autoload.php encode_decode_test.php
+#
+# gdb --args php -dextension=../ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so memory_leak_test.php
+#
+# USE_ZEND_ALLOC=0 valgrind --leak-check=yes php -dextension=../ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so memory_leak_test.php
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/generated_class_test.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/generated_class_test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6af00effe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/generated_class_test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,1532 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once('generated/NoNamespaceEnum.php');
+require_once('generated/NoNamespaceMessage.php');
+require_once('test_base.php');
+require_once('test_util.php');
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\MapField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Bar\TestLegacyMessage;
+use Bar\TestLegacyMessage_NestedEnum;
+use Bar\TestLegacyMessage_NestedMessage;
+use Foo\TestEnum;
+use Foo\TestIncludeNamespaceMessage;
+use Foo\TestIncludePrefixMessage;
+use Foo\TestMessage;
+use Foo\TestMessage\Sub;
+use Foo\TestMessage_Sub;
+use Foo\TestMessage\NestedEnum;
+use Foo\TestReverseFieldOrder;
+use Foo\testLowerCaseMessage;
+use Foo\testLowerCaseEnum;
+use PBEmpty\PBEcho\TestEmptyPackage;
+use Php\Test\TestNamespace;
+
+class GeneratedClassTest extends TestBase
+{
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test field accessors.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testSetterGetter()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalInt32(1);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test int32 field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testInt32Field()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        // Set integer.
+        $m->setOptionalInt32(MAX_INT32);
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT32, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+        $m->setOptionalInt32(MIN_INT32);
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_INT32, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Set float.
+        $m->setOptionalInt32(1.1);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+        $m->setOptionalInt32(MAX_INT32_FLOAT);
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT32, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+        $m->setOptionalInt32(MIN_INT32_FLOAT);
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_INT32, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+
+        // Set string.
+        $m->setOptionalInt32('2');
+        $this->assertSame(2, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+        $m->setOptionalInt32('3.1');
+        $this->assertSame(3, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+        $m->setOptionalInt32(MAX_INT32_STRING);
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT32, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+        $m->setOptionalInt32(MIN_INT32_STRING);
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_INT32, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test uint32 field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testUint32Field()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        // Set integer.
+        $m->setOptionalUint32(MAX_UINT32);
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $m->getOptionalUint32());
+        $m->setOptionalUint32(-1);
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $m->getOptionalUint32());
+        $m->setOptionalUint32(MIN_UINT32);
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_INT32, $m->getOptionalUint32());
+
+        // Set float.
+        $m->setOptionalUint32(1.1);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalUint32());
+        $m->setOptionalUint32(MAX_UINT32_FLOAT);
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $m->getOptionalUint32());
+        $m->setOptionalUint32(-1.0);
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $m->getOptionalUint32());
+        $m->setOptionalUint32(MIN_UINT32_FLOAT);
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_INT32, $m->getOptionalUint32());
+
+        // Set string.
+        $m->setOptionalUint32('2');
+        $this->assertSame(2, $m->getOptionalUint32());
+        $m->setOptionalUint32('3.1');
+        $this->assertSame(3, $m->getOptionalUint32());
+        $m->setOptionalUint32(MAX_UINT32_STRING);
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $m->getOptionalUint32());
+        $m->setOptionalUint32('-1.0');
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $m->getOptionalUint32());
+        $m->setOptionalUint32(MIN_UINT32_STRING);
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_INT32, $m->getOptionalUint32());
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test int64 field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testInt64Field()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        // Set integer.
+        $m->setOptionalInt64(MAX_INT64);
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64, $m->getOptionalInt64());
+        $m->setOptionalInt64(MIN_INT64);
+        $this->assertEquals(MIN_INT64, $m->getOptionalInt64());
+
+        // Set float.
+        $m->setOptionalInt64(1.1);
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('1', $m->getOptionalInt64());
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt64());
+        }
+
+        // Set string.
+        $m->setOptionalInt64('2');
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('2', $m->getOptionalInt64());
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(2, $m->getOptionalInt64());
+        }
+
+        $m->setOptionalInt64('3.1');
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('3', $m->getOptionalInt64());
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(3, $m->getOptionalInt64());
+        }
+
+        $m->setOptionalInt64(MAX_INT64_STRING);
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64_STRING, $m->getOptionalInt64());
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64, $m->getOptionalInt64());
+        }
+
+        $m->setOptionalInt64(MIN_INT64_STRING);
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame(MIN_INT64_STRING, $m->getOptionalInt64());
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(MIN_INT64, $m->getOptionalInt64());
+        }
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test uint64 field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testUint64Field()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        // Set integer.
+        $m->setOptionalUint64(MAX_UINT64);
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64_STRING, $m->getOptionalUint64());
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64, $m->getOptionalUint64());
+        }
+
+        // Set float.
+        $m->setOptionalUint64(1.1);
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('1', $m->getOptionalUint64());
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalUint64());
+        }
+
+        // Set string.
+        $m->setOptionalUint64('2');
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('2', $m->getOptionalUint64());
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(2, $m->getOptionalUint64());
+        }
+
+        $m->setOptionalUint64('3.1');
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('3', $m->getOptionalUint64());
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(3, $m->getOptionalUint64());
+        }
+
+        $m->setOptionalUint64(MAX_UINT64_STRING);
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64_STRING, $m->getOptionalUint64());
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64, $m->getOptionalUint64());
+        }
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test enum field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testEnumField()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        // Set enum.
+        $m->setOptionalEnum(TestEnum::ONE);
+        $this->assertEquals(TestEnum::ONE, $m->getOptionalEnum());
+
+        // Set integer.
+        $m->setOptionalEnum(1);
+        $this->assertEquals(TestEnum::ONE, $m->getOptionalEnum());
+
+        // Set float.
+        $m->setOptionalEnum(1.1);
+        $this->assertEquals(TestEnum::ONE, $m->getOptionalEnum());
+
+        // Set string.
+        $m->setOptionalEnum("1");
+        $this->assertEquals(TestEnum::ONE, $m->getOptionalEnum());
+
+        // Test Enum methods
+        $this->assertEquals('ONE', TestEnum::name(1));
+        $this->assertEquals(1, TestEnum::value('ONE'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException UnexpectedValueException
+     * @expectedExceptionMessage Enum Foo\TestEnum has no name defined for value -1
+     */
+    public function testInvalidEnumValueThrowsException()
+    {
+        TestEnum::name(-1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException UnexpectedValueException
+     * @expectedExceptionMessage Enum Foo\TestEnum has no value defined for name DOES_NOT_EXIST
+     */
+    public function testInvalidEnumNameThrowsException()
+    {
+        TestEnum::value('DOES_NOT_EXIST');
+    }
+
+    public function testNestedEnum()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalNestedEnum(NestedEnum::ZERO);
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testLegacyNestedEnum()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalNestedEnum(\Foo\TestMessage_NestedEnum::ZERO);
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testLegacyTypehintWithNestedEnums()
+    {
+        $this->legacyEnum(new TestLegacyMessage\NestedEnum);
+    }
+
+    private function legacyEnum(TestLegacyMessage_NestedEnum $enum)
+    {
+        // If we made it here without a PHP Fatal error, the typehint worked
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test float field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testFloatField()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        // Set integer.
+        $m->setOptionalFloat(1);
+        $this->assertEquals(1.0, $m->getOptionalFloat(), '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        // Set float.
+        $m->setOptionalFloat(1.1);
+        $this->assertEquals(1.1, $m->getOptionalFloat(), '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        // Set string.
+        $m->setOptionalFloat('2');
+        $this->assertEquals(2.0, $m->getOptionalFloat(), '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+        $m->setOptionalFloat('3.1');
+        $this->assertEquals(3.1, $m->getOptionalFloat(), '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test double field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testDoubleField()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        // Set integer.
+        $m->setOptionalDouble(1);
+        $this->assertEquals(1.0, $m->getOptionalDouble(), '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        // Set float.
+        $m->setOptionalDouble(1.1);
+        $this->assertEquals(1.1, $m->getOptionalDouble(), '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        // Set string.
+        $m->setOptionalDouble('2');
+        $this->assertEquals(2.0, $m->getOptionalDouble(), '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+        $m->setOptionalDouble('3.1');
+        $this->assertEquals(3.1, $m->getOptionalDouble(), '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test bool field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testBoolField()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        // Set bool.
+        $m->setOptionalBool(true);
+        $this->assertSame(true, $m->getOptionalBool());
+
+        // Set integer.
+        $m->setOptionalBool(-1);
+        $this->assertSame(true, $m->getOptionalBool());
+
+        // Set float.
+        $m->setOptionalBool(1.1);
+        $this->assertSame(true, $m->getOptionalBool());
+
+        // Set string.
+        $m->setOptionalBool('');
+        $this->assertSame(false, $m->getOptionalBool());
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test string field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testStringField()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        // Set string.
+        $m->setOptionalString('abc');
+        $this->assertSame('abc', $m->getOptionalString());
+
+        // Set integer.
+        $m->setOptionalString(1);
+        $this->assertSame('1', $m->getOptionalString());
+
+        // Set double.
+        $m->setOptionalString(1.1);
+        $this->assertSame('1.1', $m->getOptionalString());
+
+        // Set bool.
+        $m->setOptionalString(true);
+        $this->assertSame('1', $m->getOptionalString());
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test bytes field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testBytesField()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        // Set string.
+        $m->setOptionalBytes('abc');
+        $this->assertSame('abc', $m->getOptionalBytes());
+
+        // Set integer.
+        $m->setOptionalBytes(1);
+        $this->assertSame('1', $m->getOptionalBytes());
+
+        // Set double.
+        $m->setOptionalBytes(1.1);
+        $this->assertSame('1.1', $m->getOptionalBytes());
+
+        // Set bool.
+        $m->setOptionalBytes(true);
+        $this->assertSame('1', $m->getOptionalBytes());
+    }
+
+      public function testBytesFieldInvalidUTF8Success()
+      {
+          $m = new TestMessage();
+          $hex = hex2bin("ff");
+          $m->setOptionalBytes($hex);
+          $this->assertTrue(true);
+      }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test message field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testMessageField()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        $sub_m = new Sub();
+        $sub_m->setA(1);
+        $m->setOptionalMessage($sub_m);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalMessage()->getA());
+
+        $null = null;
+        $m->setOptionalMessage($null);
+        $this->assertNull($m->getOptionalMessage());
+    }
+
+    public function testLegacyMessageField()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        $sub_m = new TestMessage_Sub();
+        $sub_m->setA(1);
+        $m->setOptionalMessage($sub_m);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalMessage()->getA());
+
+        $null = null;
+        $m->setOptionalMessage($null);
+        $this->assertNull($m->getOptionalMessage());
+    }
+
+    public function testLegacyTypehintWithNestedMessages()
+    {
+        $this->legacyMessage(new TestLegacyMessage\NestedMessage);
+    }
+
+    private function legacyMessage(TestLegacyMessage_NestedMessage $sub)
+    {
+        // If we made it here without a PHP Fatal error, the typehint worked
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test repeated field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testRepeatedField()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        $repeated_int32 = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT32);
+        $m->setRepeatedInt32($repeated_int32);
+        $this->assertSame($repeated_int32, $m->getRepeatedInt32());
+    }
+
+    public function testRepeatedFieldViaArray()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        $arr = array();
+        $m->setRepeatedInt32($arr);
+        $this->assertSame(0, count($m->getRepeatedInt32()));
+
+        $arr = array(1, 2.1, "3");
+        $m->setRepeatedInt32($arr);
+        $this->assertTrue($m->getRepeatedInt32() instanceof RepeatedField);
+        $this->assertSame("Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField",
+                          get_class($m->getRepeatedInt32()));
+        $this->assertSame(3, count($m->getRepeatedInt32()));
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getRepeatedInt32()[0]);
+        $this->assertSame(2, $m->getRepeatedInt32()[1]);
+        $this->assertSame(3, $m->getRepeatedInt32()[2]);
+        $this->assertFalse($arr instanceof RepeatedField);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test map field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testMapField()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        $map_int32_int32 = new MapField(GPBType::INT32, GPBType::INT32);
+        $m->setMapInt32Int32($map_int32_int32);
+        $this->assertSame($map_int32_int32, $m->getMapInt32Int32());
+    }
+
+    public function testMapFieldViaArray()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        $dict = array();
+        $m->setMapInt32Int32($dict);
+        $this->assertSame(0, count($m->getMapInt32Int32()));
+
+        $dict = array(5 => 5, 6.1 => 6.1, "7" => "7");
+        $m->setMapInt32Int32($dict);
+        $this->assertTrue($m->getMapInt32Int32() instanceof MapField);
+        $this->assertSame(3, count($m->getMapInt32Int32()));
+        $this->assertSame(5, $m->getMapInt32Int32()[5]);
+        $this->assertSame(6, $m->getMapInt32Int32()[6]);
+        $this->assertSame(7, $m->getMapInt32Int32()[7]);
+        $this->assertFalse($dict instanceof MapField);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test oneof field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testOneofField() {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        $this->assertSame("", $m->getMyOneof());
+
+        $m->setOneofInt32(1);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOneofInt32());
+        $this->assertSame(0.0, $m->getOneofFloat());
+        $this->assertSame('', $m->getOneofString());
+        $this->assertSame(NULL, $m->getOneofMessage());
+        $this->assertSame("oneof_int32", $m->getMyOneof());
+
+        $m->setOneofFloat(2.0);
+        $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOneofInt32());
+        $this->assertSame(2.0, $m->getOneofFloat());
+        $this->assertSame('', $m->getOneofString());
+        $this->assertSame(NULL, $m->getOneofMessage());
+        $this->assertSame("oneof_float", $m->getMyOneof());
+
+        $m->setOneofString('abc');
+        $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOneofInt32());
+        $this->assertSame(0.0, $m->getOneofFloat());
+        $this->assertSame('abc', $m->getOneofString());
+        $this->assertSame(NULL, $m->getOneofMessage());
+        $this->assertSame("oneof_string", $m->getMyOneof());
+
+        $sub_m = new Sub();
+        $sub_m->setA(1);
+        $m->setOneofMessage($sub_m);
+        $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOneofInt32());
+        $this->assertSame(0.0, $m->getOneofFloat());
+        $this->assertSame('', $m->getOneofString());
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOneofMessage()->getA());
+        $this->assertSame("oneof_message", $m->getMyOneof());
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test clear method.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testMessageClear()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $this->setFields($m);
+        $this->expectFields($m);
+        $m->clear();
+        $this->expectEmptyFields($m);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test mergeFrom method.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testMessageMergeFrom()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $this->setFields($m);
+        $this->expectFields($m);
+        $arr = $m->getOptionalMessage()->getB();
+        $arr[] = 1;
+
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+
+        // Singular
+        $n->setOptionalInt32(100);
+        $sub1 = new Sub();
+        $sub1->setA(101);
+
+        $b = $sub1->getB();
+        $b[] = 102;
+        $sub1->setB($b);
+
+        $n->setOptionalMessage($sub1);
+
+        // Repeated
+        $repeatedInt32 = $n->getRepeatedInt32();
+        $repeatedInt32[] = 200;
+        $n->setRepeatedInt32($repeatedInt32);
+
+        $repeatedString = $n->getRepeatedString();
+        $repeatedString[] = 'abc';
+        $n->setRepeatedString($repeatedString);
+
+        $sub2 = new Sub();
+        $sub2->setA(201);
+        $repeatedMessage = $n->getRepeatedMessage();
+        $repeatedMessage[] = $sub2;
+        $n->setRepeatedMessage($repeatedMessage);
+
+        // Map
+        $mapInt32Int32 = $n->getMapInt32Int32();
+        $mapInt32Int32[1] = 300;
+        $mapInt32Int32[-62] = 301;
+        $n->setMapInt32Int32($mapInt32Int32);
+
+        $mapStringString = $n->getMapStringString();
+        $mapStringString['def'] = 'def';
+        $n->setMapStringString($mapStringString);
+
+        $mapInt32Message = $n->getMapInt32Message();
+        $mapInt32Message[1] = new Sub();
+        $mapInt32Message[1]->setA(302);
+        $mapInt32Message[2] = new Sub();
+        $mapInt32Message[2]->setA(303);
+        $n->setMapInt32Message($mapInt32Message);
+
+        $m->mergeFrom($n);
+
+        $this->assertSame(100, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+        $this->assertSame(42, $m->getOptionalUint32());
+        $this->assertSame(101, $m->getOptionalMessage()->getA());
+        $this->assertSame(2, count($m->getOptionalMessage()->getB()));
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalMessage()->getB()[0]);
+        $this->assertSame(102, $m->getOptionalMessage()->getB()[1]);
+
+        $this->assertSame(3, count($m->getRepeatedInt32()));
+        $this->assertSame(200, $m->getRepeatedInt32()[2]);
+        $this->assertSame(2, count($m->getRepeatedUint32()));
+        $this->assertSame(3, count($m->getRepeatedString()));
+        $this->assertSame('abc', $m->getRepeatedString()[2]);
+        $this->assertSame(3, count($m->getRepeatedMessage()));
+        $this->assertSame(201, $m->getRepeatedMessage()[2]->getA());
+
+        $this->assertSame(2, count($m->getMapInt32Int32()));
+        $this->assertSame(300, $m->getMapInt32Int32()[1]);
+        $this->assertSame(301, $m->getMapInt32Int32()[-62]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getMapUint32Uint32()));
+        $this->assertSame(2, count($m->getMapStringString()));
+        $this->assertSame('def', $m->getMapStringString()['def']);
+
+        $this->assertSame(2, count($m->getMapInt32Message()));
+        $this->assertSame(302, $m->getMapInt32Message()[1]->getA());
+        $this->assertSame(303, $m->getMapInt32Message()[2]->getA());
+
+        $this->assertSame("", $m->getMyOneof());
+
+        // Check sub-messages are copied by value.
+        $n->getOptionalMessage()->setA(-101);
+        $this->assertSame(101, $m->getOptionalMessage()->getA());
+
+        $repeatedMessage = $n->getRepeatedMessage();
+        $repeatedMessage[0]->setA(-201);
+        $n->setRepeatedMessage($repeatedMessage);
+        $this->assertSame(201, $m->getRepeatedMessage()[2]->getA());
+
+        $mapInt32Message = $n->getMapInt32Message();
+        $mapInt32Message[1]->setA(-302);
+        $n->setMapInt32Message($mapInt32Message);
+
+        $this->assertSame(302, $m->getMapInt32Message()[1]->getA());
+
+        // Test merge oneof.
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $n->setOneofInt32(1);
+        $m->mergeFrom($n);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOneofInt32());
+
+        $sub = new Sub();
+        $n->setOneofMessage($sub);
+        $n->getOneofMessage()->setA(400);
+        $m->mergeFrom($n);
+        $this->assertSame(400, $m->getOneofMessage()->getA());
+        $n->getOneofMessage()->setA(-400);
+        $this->assertSame(400, $m->getOneofMessage()->getA());
+
+        // Test all fields
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        $this->setFields($m);
+        $n->mergeFrom($m);
+        $this->expectFields($n);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test message/enum without namespace.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testMessageWithoutNamespace()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $n = new NoNameSpaceMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalNoNamespaceMessage($n);
+        $repeatedNoNamespaceMessage = $m->getRepeatedNoNamespaceMessage();
+        $repeatedNoNamespaceMessage[] = new NoNameSpaceMessage();
+        $m->setRepeatedNoNamespaceMessage($repeatedNoNamespaceMessage);
+
+        // test nested messages
+        $sub = new NoNamespaceMessage\NestedMessage();
+        $n->setNestedMessage($sub);
+
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testEnumWithoutNamespace()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalNoNamespaceEnum(NoNameSpaceEnum::VALUE_A);
+        $repeatedNoNamespaceEnum = $m->getRepeatedNoNamespaceEnum();
+        $repeatedNoNamespaceEnum[] = NoNameSpaceEnum::VALUE_A;
+        $m->setRepeatedNoNamespaceEnum($repeatedNoNamespaceEnum);
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test message with given namespace.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testNestedMessagesAndEnums()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $n = new TestMessage\Sub();
+        $m->setOptionalMessage($n);
+        $m->setOptionalNestedEnum(TestMessage\NestedEnum::ZERO);
+        $this->assertSame($n, $m->getOptionalMessage());
+        $this->assertSame(TestMessage\NestedEnum::ZERO, $m->getOptionalNestedEnum());
+    }
+
+    public function testMessagesAndEnumsWithPrefix()
+    {
+        // Test message prefix
+        $m = new TestIncludePrefixMessage();
+        $n = new PrefixTestPrefix();
+        $n->setA(1);
+        $m->setPrefixMessage($n);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getPrefixMessage()->getA());
+
+        // Test nested message prefix
+        $o = new PrefixTestPrefix();
+        $p = new PrefixTestPrefix\PrefixNestedMessage();
+        $o->setNestedMessage($p);
+        $o->setNestedEnum(PrefixTestPrefix\PrefixNestedEnum::ZERO);
+        $this->assertSame($p, $o->getNestedMessage());
+        $this->assertSame(PrefixTestPrefix\PrefixNestedEnum::ZERO, $o->getNestedEnum());
+    }
+
+    public function testMessagesAndEnumsWithPhpNamespace()
+    {
+        $m = new TestNamespace();
+        $n = new TestNamespace\NestedMessage();
+        $m->setNestedMessage($n);
+        $m->setNestedEnum(TestNamespace\NestedEnum::ZERO);
+        $this->assertSame($n, $m->getNestedMessage());
+        $this->assertSame(TestNamespace\NestedEnum::ZERO, $m->getNestedEnum());
+    }
+
+    public function testMesssagesAndEnumsWithEmptyPhpNamespace()
+    {
+        $m = new TestEmptyNamespace();
+        $n = new TestEmptyNamespace\NestedMessage();
+        $m->setNestedMessage($n);
+        $m->setNestedEnum(TestEmptyNamespace\NestedEnum::ZERO);
+        $this->assertSame($n, $m->getNestedMessage());
+        $this->assertSame(TestEmptyNamespace\NestedEnum::ZERO, $m->getNestedEnum());
+    }
+
+    public function testMessagesAndEnumsWithNoNamespace()
+    {
+        $m = new NoNamespaceMessage();
+        $n = new NoNamespaceMessage\NestedMessage();
+        $m->setNestedMessage($n);
+        $m->setNestedEnum(NoNamespaceMessage\NestedEnum::ZERO);
+        $this->assertSame($n, $m->getNestedMessage());
+        $this->assertSame(NoNamespaceMessage\NestedEnum::ZERO, $m->getNestedEnum());
+    }
+
+    public function testReservedWordsInPackageName()
+    {
+        $m = new TestEmptyPackage();
+        $n = new TestEmptyPackage\NestedMessage();
+        $m->setNestedMessage($n);
+        $m->setNestedEnum(TestEmptyPackage\NestedEnum::ZERO);
+        $this->assertSame($n, $m->getNestedMessage());
+        $this->assertSame(TestEmptyPackage\NestedEnum::ZERO, $m->getNestedEnum());
+    }
+
+    public function testReservedWordsInNamespace()
+    {
+        $m = new TestNamespace();
+        $n = new TestNamespace\PBEmpty();
+        $o = new TestNamespace\PBEmpty\NestedMessage();
+        $n->setNestedMessage($o);
+        $n->setNestedEnum(TestNamespace\PBEmpty\NestedEnum::ZERO);
+        $m->setReservedName($n);
+        $this->assertSame($n, $m->getReservedName());
+        $this->assertSame($o, $n->getNestedMessage());
+        $this->assertSame(
+            TestNamespace\PBEmpty\NestedEnum::ZERO,
+            $n->getNestedEnum()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test prefix for reserved words.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testPrefixForReservedWords()
+    {
+        $m = new \Foo\TestMessage\PBEmpty();
+        $m = new \Foo\PBEmpty();
+        $m = new \PrefixEmpty();
+        $m = new \Foo\PBARRAY();
+
+        $m = new \Lower\PBabstract();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBand();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBarray();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBas();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBbreak();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBcallable();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBcase();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBcatch();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBclass();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBclone();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBconst();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBcontinue();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBdeclare();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBdefault();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBdie();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBdo();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBecho();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBelse();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBelseif();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBempty();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBenddeclare();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBendfor();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBendforeach();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBendif();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBendswitch();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBendwhile();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBeval();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBexit();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBextends();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBfinal();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBfor();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBforeach();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBfunction();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBglobal();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBgoto();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBif();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBimplements();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBinclude();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBinclude_once();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBinstanceof();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBinsteadof();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBinterface();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBisset();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBlist();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBnamespace();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBnew();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBor();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBprint();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBprivate();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBprotected();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBpublic();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBrequire();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBrequire_once();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBreturn();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBstatic();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBswitch();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBthrow();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBtrait();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBtry();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBunset();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBuse();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBvar();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBwhile();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBxor();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBint();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBfloat();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBbool();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBstring();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBtrue();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBfalse();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBnull();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBvoid();
+        $m = new \Lower\PBiterable();
+
+        $m = new \Upper\PBABSTRACT();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBAND();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBARRAY();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBAS();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBBREAK();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBCALLABLE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBCASE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBCATCH();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBCLASS();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBCLONE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBCONST();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBCONTINUE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBDECLARE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBDEFAULT();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBDIE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBDO();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBECHO();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBELSE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBELSEIF();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBEMPTY();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBENDDECLARE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBENDFOR();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBENDFOREACH();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBENDIF();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBENDSWITCH();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBENDWHILE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBEVAL();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBEXIT();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBEXTENDS();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBFINAL();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBFOR();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBFOREACH();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBFUNCTION();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBGLOBAL();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBGOTO();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBIF();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBIMPLEMENTS();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBINCLUDE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBINCLUDE_ONCE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBINSTANCEOF();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBINSTEADOF();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBINTERFACE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBISSET();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBLIST();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBNAMESPACE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBNEW();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBOR();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBPRINT();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBPRIVATE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBPROTECTED();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBPUBLIC();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBREQUIRE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBREQUIRE_ONCE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBRETURN();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBSTATIC();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBSWITCH();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBTHROW();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBTRAIT();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBTRY();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBUNSET();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBUSE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBVAR();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBWHILE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBXOR();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBINT();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBFLOAT();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBBOOL();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBSTRING();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBTRUE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBFALSE();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBNULL();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBVOID();
+        $m = new \Upper\PBITERABLE();
+
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBabstract();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBand();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBarray();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBas();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBbreak();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBcallable();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBcase();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBcatch();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBclass();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBclone();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBconst();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBcontinue();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBdeclare();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBdefault();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBdie();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBdo();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBecho();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBelse();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBelseif();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBempty();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBenddeclare();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBendfor();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBendforeach();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBendif();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBendswitch();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBendwhile();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBeval();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBexit();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBextends();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBfinal();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBfor();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBforeach();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBfunction();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBglobal();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBgoto();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBif();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBimplements();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBinclude();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBinclude_once();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBinstanceof();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBinsteadof();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBinterface();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBisset();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBlist();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBnamespace();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBnew();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBor();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBprint();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBprivate();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBprotected();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBpublic();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBrequire();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBrequire_once();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBreturn();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBstatic();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBswitch();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBthrow();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBtrait();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBtry();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBunset();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBuse();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBvar();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBwhile();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBxor();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBint();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBfloat();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBbool();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBstring();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBtrue();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBfalse();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBnull();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBvoid();
+        $m = new \Lower_enum\PBiterable();
+
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBABSTRACT();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBAND();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBARRAY();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBAS();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBBREAK();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBCALLABLE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBCASE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBCATCH();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBCLASS();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBCLONE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBCONST();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBCONTINUE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBDECLARE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBDEFAULT();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBDIE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBDO();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBECHO();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBELSE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBELSEIF();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBEMPTY();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBENDDECLARE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBENDFOR();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBENDFOREACH();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBENDIF();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBENDSWITCH();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBENDWHILE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBEVAL();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBEXIT();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBEXTENDS();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBFINAL();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBFOR();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBFOREACH();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBFUNCTION();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBGLOBAL();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBGOTO();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBIF();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBIMPLEMENTS();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBINCLUDE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBINCLUDE_ONCE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBINSTANCEOF();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBINSTEADOF();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBINTERFACE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBISSET();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBLIST();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBNAMESPACE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBNEW();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBOR();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBPRINT();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBPRIVATE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBPROTECTED();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBPUBLIC();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBREQUIRE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBREQUIRE_ONCE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBRETURN();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBSTATIC();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBSWITCH();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBTHROW();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBTRAIT();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBTRY();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBUNSET();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBUSE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBVAR();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBWHILE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBXOR();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBINT();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBFLOAT();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBBOOL();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBSTRING();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBTRUE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBFALSE();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBNULL();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBVOID();
+        $m = new \Upper_enum\PBITERABLE();
+
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBabstract;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBand;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBarray;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBas;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBbreak;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBcallable;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBcase;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBcatch;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBclass;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBclone;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBconst;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBcontinue;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBdeclare;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBdefault;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBdie;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBdo;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBecho;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBelse;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBelseif;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBempty;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBenddeclare;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBendfor;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBendforeach;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBendif;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBendswitch;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBendwhile;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBeval;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBexit;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBextends;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBfinal;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBfor;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBforeach;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBfunction;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBglobal;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBgoto;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBif;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBimplements;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBinclude;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBinclude_once;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBinstanceof;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBinsteadof;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBinterface;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBisset;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBlist;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBnamespace;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBnew;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBor;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBprint;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBprivate;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBprotected;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBpublic;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBrequire;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBrequire_once;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBreturn;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBstatic;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBswitch;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBthrow;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBtrait;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBtry;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBunset;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBuse;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBvar;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBwhile;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBxor;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::int;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::float;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::bool;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::string;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::true;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::false;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::null;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::void;
+        $m = \Lower_enum_value\NotAllowed::iterable;
+
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBABSTRACT;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBAND;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBARRAY;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBAS;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBBREAK;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBCALLABLE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBCASE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBCATCH;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBCLASS;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBCLONE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBCONST;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBCONTINUE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBDECLARE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBDEFAULT;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBDIE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBDO;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBECHO;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBELSE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBELSEIF;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBEMPTY;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBENDDECLARE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBENDFOR;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBENDFOREACH;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBENDIF;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBENDSWITCH;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBENDWHILE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBEVAL;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBEXIT;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBEXTENDS;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBFINAL;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBFOR;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBFOREACH;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBFUNCTION;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBGLOBAL;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBGOTO;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBIF;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBIMPLEMENTS;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBINCLUDE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBINCLUDE_ONCE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBINSTANCEOF;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBINSTEADOF;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBINTERFACE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBISSET;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBLIST;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBNAMESPACE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBNEW;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBOR;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBPRINT;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBPRIVATE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBPROTECTED;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBPUBLIC;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBREQUIRE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBREQUIRE_ONCE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBRETURN;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBSTATIC;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBSWITCH;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBTHROW;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBTRAIT;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBTRY;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBUNSET;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBUSE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBVAR;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBWHILE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::PBXOR;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::INT;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::FLOAT;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::BOOL;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::STRING;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::TRUE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::FALSE;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::NULL;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::VOID;
+        $m = \Upper_enum_value\NotAllowed::ITERABLE;
+
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test fluent setters.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testFluentSetters()
+    {
+        $m = (new TestMessage())
+            ->setOptionalInt32(1)
+            ->setOptionalUInt32(2);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOptionalInt32());
+        $this->assertSame(2, $m->getOptionalUInt32());
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test Reverse Field Order.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testReverseFieldOrder()
+    {
+        $m = new TestReverseFieldOrder();
+        $m->setB("abc");
+        $this->assertSame("abc", $m->getB());
+        $this->assertNotSame("abc", $m->getA());
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test Reverse Field Order.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testLowerCase()
+    {
+        $m = new testLowerCaseMessage();
+        $n = testLowerCaseEnum::VALUE;
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test Array Constructor.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testArrayConstructor()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage([
+            'optional_int32' => -42,
+            'optional_int64' => -43,
+            'optional_uint32' => 42,
+            'optional_uint64' => 43,
+            'optional_sint32' => -44,
+            'optional_sint64' => -45,
+            'optional_fixed32' => 46,
+            'optional_fixed64' => 47,
+            'optional_sfixed32' => -46,
+            'optional_sfixed64' => -47,
+            'optional_float' => 1.5,
+            'optional_double' => 1.6,
+            'optional_bool' => true,
+            'optional_string' => 'a',
+            'optional_bytes' => 'bbbb',
+            'optional_enum' => TestEnum::ONE,
+            'optional_message' => new Sub([
+                'a' => 33
+            ]),
+            'repeated_int32' => [-42, -52],
+            'repeated_int64' => [-43, -53],
+            'repeated_uint32' => [42, 52],
+            'repeated_uint64' => [43, 53],
+            'repeated_sint32' => [-44, -54],
+            'repeated_sint64' => [-45, -55],
+            'repeated_fixed32' => [46, 56],
+            'repeated_fixed64' => [47, 57],
+            'repeated_sfixed32' => [-46, -56],
+            'repeated_sfixed64' => [-47, -57],
+            'repeated_float' => [1.5, 2.5],
+            'repeated_double' => [1.6, 2.6],
+            'repeated_bool' => [true, false],
+            'repeated_string' => ['a', 'c'],
+            'repeated_bytes' => ['bbbb', 'dddd'],
+            'repeated_enum' => [TestEnum::ZERO, TestEnum::ONE],
+            'repeated_message' => [new Sub(['a' => 34]),
+                                   new Sub(['a' => 35])],
+            'map_int32_int32' => [-62 => -62],
+            'map_int64_int64' => [-63 => -63],
+            'map_uint32_uint32' => [62 => 62],
+            'map_uint64_uint64' => [63 => 63],
+            'map_sint32_sint32' => [-64 => -64],
+            'map_sint64_sint64' => [-65 => -65],
+            'map_fixed32_fixed32' => [66 => 66],
+            'map_fixed64_fixed64' => [67 => 67],
+            'map_sfixed32_sfixed32' => [-68 => -68],
+            'map_sfixed64_sfixed64' => [-69 => -69],
+            'map_int32_float' => [1 => 3.5],
+            'map_int32_double' => [1 => 3.6],
+            'map_bool_bool' => [true => true],
+            'map_string_string' => ['e' => 'e'],
+            'map_int32_bytes' => [1 => 'ffff'],
+            'map_int32_enum' => [1 => TestEnum::ONE],
+            'map_int32_message' => [1 => new Sub(['a' => 36])],
+        ]);
+
+        TestUtil::assertTestMessage($m);
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testReferenceInArrayConstructor()
+    {
+        $keys = [[
+                    'optional_bool' => true,
+                    'repeated_bool' => [true],
+                    'map_bool_bool' => [true => true],
+                    'optional_double' => 1.0,
+                    'repeated_double' => [1.0],
+                    'map_int32_double' => [1 => 1.0],
+                    'optional_int32' => 1,
+                    'repeated_int32' => [1],
+                    'map_int32_int32' => [1 => 1],
+                    'optional_string' => 'a',
+                    'repeated_string' => ['a'],
+                    'map_string_string' => ['a' => 'a'],
+                    'optional_message' => ['a' => 1],
+                    'repeated_message' => [['a' => 1]],
+                    'map_int32_message' => [1 => ['a' => 1]],
+                ]];
+
+        foreach ($keys as &$key) {
+            foreach ($key as $id => &$value) {
+                if ($id === 'repeated_bool') {
+                    foreach ($value as &$element) {
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($id === 'map_bool_bool') {
+                    foreach ($value as $mapKey => &$element) {
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($id === 'repeated_double') {
+                    foreach ($value as &$element) {
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($id === 'map_int32_double') {
+                    foreach ($value as $mapKey => &$element) {
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($id === 'repeated_int32') {
+                    foreach ($value as &$element) {
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($id === 'map_int32_int32') {
+                    foreach ($value as $mapKey => &$element) {
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($id === 'repeated_string') {
+                    foreach ($value as &$element) {
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($id === 'map_string_string') {
+                    foreach ($value as $mapKey => &$element) {
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($id === 'optional_message') {
+                    $value = new Sub($value);
+                }
+                if ($id === 'repeated_message') {
+                    foreach ($value as &$element) {
+                        $element = new Sub($element);
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($id === 'map_int32_message') {
+                    foreach ($value as $mapKey => &$element) {
+                        $element = new Sub($element);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            $key = new TestMessage($key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function testOneofMessageInArrayConstructor()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage([
+            'oneof_message' => new Sub(),
+        ]);
+        $this->assertSame('oneof_message', $m->getMyOneof());
+        $this->assertNotNull($m->getOneofMessage());
+    }
+
+    public function testOneofStringInArrayConstructor()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage([
+            'oneof_string' => 'abc',
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test message equals.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testMessageEquals()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        TestUtil::setTestMessage($m);
+        $n = new TestMessage();
+        TestUtil::setTestMessage($n);
+        $this->assertEquals($m, $n);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test reference of value
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testValueIsReference()
+    {
+        // Bool element
+        $values = [true];
+        array_walk($values, function (&$value) {});
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalBool($values[0]);
+
+        // Int32 element
+        $values = [1];
+        array_walk($values, function (&$value) {});
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalInt32($values[0]);
+
+        // Double element
+        $values = [1.0];
+        array_walk($values, function (&$value) {});
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalDouble($values[0]);
+
+        // String element
+        $values = ['a'];
+        array_walk($values, function (&$value) {});
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalString($values[0]);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test no segfault when error happens
+    #########################################################
+
+    function throwIntendedException()
+    {
+        throw new Exception('Intended');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testNoSegfaultWithError()
+    {
+        new TestMessage(['optional_int32' => $this->throwIntendedException()]);
+    }
+
+    public function testNoExceptionWithVarDump()
+    {
+        $m = new Sub(['a' => 1]);
+        var_dump($m);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/generated_phpdoc_test.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/generated_phpdoc_test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..526927fc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/generated_phpdoc_test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once('generated/NoNamespaceEnum.php');
+require_once('generated/NoNamespaceMessage.php');
+require_once('test_base.php');
+require_once('test_util.php');
+
+use Foo\TestMessage;
+
+class GeneratedPhpdocTest extends TestBase
+{
+    public function testPhpDocForClass()
+    {
+        $class = new ReflectionClass('Foo\TestMessage');
+        $doc = $class->getDocComment();
+        $this->assertContains('foo.TestMessage', $doc);
+    }
+
+    public function testPhpDocForConstructor()
+    {
+        $class = new ReflectionClass('Foo\TestMessage');
+        $doc = $class->getMethod('__construct')->getDocComment();
+        $this->assertContains('@param array $data', $doc);
+        $this->assertContains('@type int $optional_int32', $doc);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider providePhpDocForGettersAndSetters
+     */
+    public function testPhpDocForIntGetters($methods, $expectedDoc)
+    {
+        $class = new ReflectionClass('Foo\TestMessage');
+        foreach ($methods as $method) {
+            $doc = $class->getMethod($method)->getDocComment();
+            $this->assertContains($expectedDoc, $doc);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function providePhpDocForGettersAndSetters()
+    {
+        return [
+            [
+                [
+                    'setOptionalInt32',
+                    'setOptionalUint32',
+                    'setOptionalSint32',
+                    'setOptionalFixed32',
+                    'setOptionalSfixed32',
+                    'setOneofInt32',
+                    'setOneofUint32',
+                    'setOneofSint32',
+                    'setOneofFixed32',
+                    'setOneofSfixed32',
+                    'setOptionalEnum',
+                    'setOptionalNoNamespaceEnum',
+                    'setOptionalNestedEnum',
+                    'setOneofEnum'
+                ],
+                '@param int $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setOptionalInt64',
+                    'setOptionalUint64',
+                    'setOptionalSint64',
+                    'setOptionalFixed64',
+                    'setOptionalSfixed64',
+                    'setOneofInt64',
+                    'setOneofUint64',
+                    'setOneofSint64',
+                    'setOneofFixed64',
+                    'setOneofSfixed64',
+                ],
+                '@param int|string $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'getOptionalInt32',
+                    'getOptionalUint32',
+                    'getOptionalSint32',
+                    'getOptionalFixed32',
+                    'getOptionalSfixed32',
+                    'getOneofInt32',
+                    'getOneofUint32',
+                    'getOneofSint32',
+                    'getOneofFixed32',
+                    'getOneofSfixed32',
+                    'getOptionalEnum',
+                    'getOptionalNoNamespaceEnum',
+                    'getOptionalNestedEnum',
+                    'getOneofEnum',
+                ],
+                '@return int'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setOptionalInt64',
+                    'setOptionalUint64',
+                    'setOptionalSint64',
+                    'setOptionalFixed64',
+                    'setOptionalSfixed64',
+                    'setOneofInt64',
+                    'setOneofUint64',
+                    'setOneofSint64',
+                    'setOneofFixed64',
+                    'setOneofSfixed64',
+                ],
+                '@param int|string $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'getRepeatedInt32',
+                    'getRepeatedInt64',
+                    'getRepeatedUint32',
+                    'getRepeatedUint64',
+                    'getRepeatedSint32',
+                    'getRepeatedSint64',
+                    'getRepeatedFixed32',
+                    'getRepeatedFixed64',
+                    'getRepeatedSfixed32',
+                    'getRepeatedSfixed64',
+                    'getRepeatedFloat',
+                    'getRepeatedDouble',
+                    'getRepeatedBool',
+                    'getRepeatedString',
+                    'getRepeatedBytes',
+                    'getRepeatedEnum',
+                    'getRepeatedMessage',
+                    'getRepeatedRecursive',
+                    'getRepeatedNoNamespaceMessage',
+                    'getRepeatedNoNamespaceEnum',
+                ],
+                '@return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'getMapInt32Int32',
+                    'getMapInt64Int64',
+                    'getMapUint32Uint32',
+                    'getMapUint64Uint64',
+                    'getMapSint32Sint32',
+                    'getMapSint64Sint64',
+                    'getMapFixed32Fixed32',
+                    'getMapFixed64Fixed64',
+                    'getMapSfixed32Sfixed32',
+                    'getMapSfixed64Sfixed64',
+                    'getMapInt32Float',
+                    'getMapInt32Double',
+                    'getMapBoolBool',
+                    'getMapStringString',
+                    'getMapInt32Bytes',
+                    'getMapInt32Enum',
+                    'getMapInt32Message',
+                    'getMapRecursive',
+                ],
+                '@return \Google\Protobuf\Internal\MapField'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setRepeatedInt32',
+                    'setRepeatedUint32',
+                    'setRepeatedSint32',
+                    'setRepeatedFixed32',
+                    'setRepeatedSfixed32',
+                    'setRepeatedEnum',
+                    'setRepeatedNoNamespaceEnum',
+                ],
+                '@param int[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setRepeatedInt64',
+                    'setRepeatedUint64',
+                    'setRepeatedSint64',
+                    'setRepeatedFixed64',
+                    'setRepeatedSfixed64',
+                ],
+                '@param int[]|string[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setRepeatedFloat',
+                    'setRepeatedDouble',
+                ],
+                '@param float[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setRepeatedBool',
+                ],
+                '@param bool[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setRepeatedString',
+                    'setRepeatedBytes',
+                ],
+                '@param string[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setRepeatedMessage',
+                ],
+                '@param \Foo\TestMessage\Sub[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setRepeatedRecursive',
+                ],
+                '@param \Foo\TestMessage[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setRepeatedNoNamespaceMessage',
+                ],
+                '@param \NoNamespaceMessage[]|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setMapInt32Int32',
+                    'setMapInt64Int64',
+                    'setMapUint32Uint32',
+                    'setMapUint64Uint64',
+                    'setMapSint32Sint32',
+                    'setMapSint64Sint64',
+                    'setMapFixed32Fixed32',
+                    'setMapFixed64Fixed64',
+                    'setMapSfixed32Sfixed32',
+                    'setMapSfixed64Sfixed64',
+                    'setMapInt32Float',
+                    'setMapInt32Double',
+                    'setMapBoolBool',
+                    'setMapStringString',
+                    'setMapInt32Bytes',
+                    'setMapInt32Enum',
+                    'setMapInt32Message',
+                    'setMapRecursive',
+                ],
+                '@param array|\Google\Protobuf\Internal\MapField $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'getOptionalFloat',
+                    'getOptionalDouble',
+                    'getOneofDouble',
+                    'getOneofFloat',
+                ],
+                '@return float'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setOptionalFloat',
+                    'setOptionalDouble',
+                    'setOneofDouble',
+                    'setOneofFloat',
+                ],
+                '@param float $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'getOptionalBool',
+                    'getOneofBool',
+                ],
+                '@return bool'],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setOptionalBool',
+                    'setOneofBool',
+                ],
+                '@param bool $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'getOptionalString',
+                    'getOptionalBytes',
+                    'getOneofString',
+                    'getOneofBytes',
+                    'getMyOneof',
+                ],
+                '@return string'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setOptionalString',
+                    'setOptionalBytes',
+                    'setOneofString',
+                    'setOneofBytes',
+                ],
+                '@param string $var'
+            ],
+
+            [
+                [
+                    'getOptionalMessage',
+                    'getOneofMessage'
+                ],
+                '@return \Foo\TestMessage\Sub'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setOptionalMessage',
+                    'setOneofMessage'
+                ],
+                '@param \Foo\TestMessage\Sub $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'getOptionalIncludedMessage'
+                ],
+                '@return \Bar\TestInclude'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setOptionalIncludedMessage'
+                ],
+                '@param \Bar\TestInclude $var'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'getRecursive'
+                ],
+                '@return \Foo\TestMessage'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setRecursive'
+                ],
+                '@param \Foo\TestMessage $var'
+            ],
+
+            [
+                [
+                    'getOptionalNoNamespaceMessage'
+                ],
+                '@return \NoNamespaceMessage'
+            ],
+            [
+                [
+                    'setOptionalNoNamespaceMessage'
+                ],
+                '@param \NoNamespaceMessage $var'
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/generated_service_test.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/generated_service_test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5407db9a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/generated_service_test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once('test_base.php');
+require_once('test_util.php');
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\MapField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Foo\Greeter;
+use Foo\HelloRequest;
+use Foo\HelloReply;
+
+class GeneratedServiceTest extends TestBase
+{
+    /**
+     * @var \ReflectionClass
+     */
+    private $serviceClass;
+
+    /**
+     * @var \ReflectionClass
+     */
+    private $namespacedServiceClass;
+
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    private $methodNames = [
+        'sayHello',
+        'sayHelloAgain'
+    ];
+
+    public function setUp()
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+
+        $this->serviceClass = new ReflectionClass('Foo\GreeterInterface');
+
+        $this->namespacedServiceClass = new ReflectionClass('Bar\OtherGreeterInterface');
+    }
+
+    public function testIsInterface()
+    {
+        $this->assertTrue($this->serviceClass->isInterface());
+    }
+
+    public function testPhpDocForClass()
+    {
+        $this->assertContains('foo.Greeter', $this->serviceClass->getDocComment());
+    }
+
+    public function testPhpDocForNamespacedClass()
+    {
+        $this->assertContains('foo.OtherGreeter', $this->namespacedServiceClass->getDocComment());
+    }
+
+    public function testServiceMethodsAreGenerated()
+    {
+        $this->assertCount(count($this->methodNames), $this->serviceClass->getMethods());
+        foreach ($this->methodNames as $methodName) {
+            $this->assertTrue($this->serviceClass->hasMethod($methodName));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function testPhpDocForServiceMethod()
+    {
+        foreach ($this->methodNames as $methodName) {
+            $docComment = $this->serviceClass->getMethod($methodName)->getDocComment();
+            $this->assertContains($methodName, $docComment);
+            $this->assertContains('@param \Foo\HelloRequest $request', $docComment);
+            $this->assertContains('@return \Foo\HelloReply', $docComment);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function testPhpDocForServiceMethodInNamespacedClass()
+    {
+        foreach ($this->methodNames as $methodName) {
+            $docComment = $this->namespacedServiceClass->getMethod($methodName)->getDocComment();
+            $this->assertContains($methodName, $docComment);
+            $this->assertContains('@param \Foo\HelloRequest $request', $docComment);
+            $this->assertContains('@return \Foo\HelloReply', $docComment);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function testParamForServiceMethod()
+    {
+        foreach ($this->methodNames as $methodName) {
+            $method = $this->serviceClass->getMethod($methodName);
+            $this->assertCount(1, $method->getParameters());
+            $param = $method->getParameters()[0];
+            $this->assertFalse($param->isOptional());
+            $this->assertSame('request', $param->getName());
+            // ReflectionParameter::getType only exists in PHP 7+, so get the type from __toString
+            $this->assertContains('Foo\HelloRequest $request', (string) $param);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function testParamForServiceMethodInNamespacedClass()
+    {
+        foreach ($this->methodNames as $methodName) {
+            $method = $this->serviceClass->getMethod($methodName);
+            $this->assertCount(1, $method->getParameters());
+            $param = $method->getParameters()[0];
+            $this->assertFalse($param->isOptional());
+            $this->assertSame('request', $param->getName());
+            // ReflectionParameter::getType only exists in PHP 7+, so get the type from __toString
+            $this->assertContains('Foo\HelloRequest $request', (string) $param);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/map_field_test.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/map_field_test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..577be681b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/map_field_test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once('test_util.php');
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\MapField;
+use Foo\TestMessage;
+use Foo\TestMessage\Sub;
+
+class MapFieldTest extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase {
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test int32 field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testInt32() {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT32, GPBType::INT32);
+
+        // Test integer argument.
+        $arr[MAX_INT32] = MAX_INT32;
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT32, $arr[MAX_INT32]);
+        $arr[MIN_INT32] = MIN_INT32;
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_INT32, $arr[MIN_INT32]);
+        $this->assertEquals(2, count($arr));
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($arr[MAX_INT32]));
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($arr[MIN_INT32]));
+        unset($arr[MAX_INT32]);
+        unset($arr[MIN_INT32]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        // Test float argument.
+        $arr[1.9] = 1.9;
+        $arr[2.1] = 2.1;
+        $this->assertSame(1, $arr[1]);
+        $this->assertSame(2, $arr[2]);
+        $arr[MAX_INT32_FLOAT] = MAX_INT32_FLOAT;
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT32, $arr[MAX_INT32]);
+        $arr[MIN_INT32_FLOAT] = MIN_INT32_FLOAT;
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_INT32, $arr[MIN_INT32]);
+        $this->assertEquals(4, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[1.9]);
+        unset($arr[2.9]);
+        unset($arr[MAX_INT32_FLOAT]);
+        unset($arr[MIN_INT32_FLOAT]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        // Test string argument.
+        $arr['2'] = '2';
+        $this->assertSame(2, $arr[2]);
+        $arr['3.1'] = '3.1';
+        $this->assertSame(3, $arr[3]);
+        $arr[MAX_INT32_STRING] = MAX_INT32_STRING;
+        $this->assertSame(MAX_INT32, $arr[MAX_INT32]);
+        $this->assertEquals(3, count($arr));
+        unset($arr['2']);
+        unset($arr['3.1']);
+        unset($arr[MAX_INT32_STRING]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        // Test foreach.
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT32, GPBType::INT32);
+        for ($i = 0; $i < 3; $i++) {
+          $arr[$i] = $i;
+        }
+        $i = 0;
+        $arr_test = [];
+        foreach ($arr as $key => $val) {
+          $this->assertSame($key, $val);
+          $arr_test[] = $key;
+          $i++;
+        }
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($arr_test[0]));
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($arr_test[1]));
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($arr_test[2]));
+        $this->assertSame(3, $i);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test uint32 field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testUint32() {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::UINT32, GPBType::UINT32);
+
+        // Test integer argument.
+        $arr[MAX_UINT32] = MAX_UINT32;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[-1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[MAX_UINT32]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        $arr[-1] = -1;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[-1]);
+        $arr[MIN_UINT32] = MIN_UINT32;
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_UINT32, $arr[MIN_UINT32]);
+        $this->assertEquals(2, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[-1]);
+        unset($arr[MIN_UINT32]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        // Test float argument.
+        $arr[MAX_UINT32_FLOAT] = MAX_UINT32_FLOAT;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[-1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[MAX_UINT32_FLOAT]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        $arr[3.1] = 3.1;
+        $this->assertSame(3, $arr[3]);
+        $arr[-1.0] = -1.0;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[-1]);
+        $arr[MIN_UINT32_FLOAT] = MIN_UINT32_FLOAT;
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_UINT32, $arr[MIN_UINT32]);
+        $this->assertEquals(3, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[3.1]);
+        unset($arr[-1.0]);
+        unset($arr[MIN_UINT32_FLOAT]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        // Test string argument.
+        $arr[MAX_UINT32_STRING] = MAX_UINT32_STRING;
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[-1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[MAX_UINT32_STRING]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        $arr['7'] = '7';
+        $this->assertSame(7, $arr[7]);
+        $arr['3.1'] = '3.1';
+        $this->assertSame(3, $arr[3]);
+        $arr['-1.0'] = '-1.0';
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $arr[-1]);
+        $arr[MIN_UINT32_STRING] = MIN_UINT32_STRING;
+        $this->assertSame(MIN_UINT32, $arr[MIN_UINT32]);
+        $this->assertEquals(4, count($arr));
+        unset($arr['7']);
+        unset($arr['3.1']);
+        unset($arr['-1.0']);
+        unset($arr[MIN_UINT32_STRING]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test int64 field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testInt64() {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT64, GPBType::INT64);
+
+        // Test integer argument.
+        $arr[MAX_INT64] = MAX_INT64;
+        $arr[MIN_INT64] = MIN_INT64;
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64_STRING, $arr[MAX_INT64_STRING]);
+            $this->assertSame(MIN_INT64_STRING, $arr[MIN_INT64_STRING]);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64, $arr[MAX_INT64]);
+            $this->assertSame(MIN_INT64, $arr[MIN_INT64]);
+        }
+        $this->assertEquals(2, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[MAX_INT64]);
+        unset($arr[MIN_INT64]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        // Test float argument.
+        $arr[1.1] = 1.1;
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('1', $arr['1']);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(1, $arr[1]);
+        }
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[1.1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        // Test string argument.
+        $arr['2'] = '2';
+        $arr['3.1'] = '3.1';
+        $arr[MAX_INT64_STRING] = MAX_INT64_STRING;
+        $arr[MIN_INT64_STRING] = MIN_INT64_STRING;
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('2', $arr['2']);
+            $this->assertSame('3', $arr['3']);
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64_STRING, $arr[MAX_INT64_STRING]);
+            $this->assertSame(MIN_INT64_STRING, $arr[MIN_INT64_STRING]);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(2, $arr[2]);
+            $this->assertSame(3, $arr[3]);
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_INT64, $arr[MAX_INT64]);
+            $this->assertSame(MIN_INT64, $arr[MIN_INT64]);
+        }
+        $this->assertEquals(4, count($arr));
+        unset($arr['2']);
+        unset($arr['3.1']);
+        unset($arr[MAX_INT64_STRING]);
+        unset($arr[MIN_INT64_STRING]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test uint64 field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testUint64() {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::UINT64, GPBType::UINT64);
+
+        // Test integer argument.
+        $arr[MAX_UINT64] = MAX_UINT64;
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64_STRING, $arr[MAX_UINT64_STRING]);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64, $arr[MAX_UINT64]);
+        }
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[MAX_UINT64]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        // Test float argument.
+        $arr[1.1] = 1.1;
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('1', $arr['1']);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(1, $arr[1]);
+        }
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[1.1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        // Test string argument.
+        $arr['2'] = '2';
+        $arr['3.1'] = '3.1';
+        $arr[MAX_UINT64_STRING] = MAX_UINT64_STRING;
+
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('2', $arr['2']);
+            $this->assertSame('3', $arr['3']);
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64_STRING, $arr[MAX_UINT64_STRING]);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(2, $arr[2]);
+            $this->assertSame(3, $arr[3]);
+            $this->assertSame(MAX_UINT64, $arr[MAX_UINT64]);
+        }
+
+        $this->assertEquals(3, count($arr));
+        unset($arr['2']);
+        unset($arr['3.1']);
+        unset($arr[MAX_UINT64_STRING]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test float field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testFloat() {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT32, GPBType::FLOAT);
+
+        // Test set.
+        $arr[0] = 1;
+        $this->assertEquals(1.0, $arr[0], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $arr[1] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertEquals(1.1, $arr[1], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $arr[2] = '2';
+        $this->assertEquals(2.0, $arr[2], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+        $arr[3] = '3.1';
+        $this->assertEquals(3.1, $arr[3], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $this->assertEquals(4, count($arr));
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test double field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testDouble() {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT32, GPBType::DOUBLE);
+
+        // Test set.
+        $arr[0] = 1;
+        $this->assertEquals(1.0, $arr[0], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $arr[1] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertEquals(1.1, $arr[1], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $arr[2] = '2';
+        $this->assertEquals(2.0, $arr[2], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+        $arr[3] = '3.1';
+        $this->assertEquals(3.1, $arr[3], '', MAX_FLOAT_DIFF);
+
+        $this->assertEquals(4, count($arr));
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test bool field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testBool() {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::BOOL, GPBType::BOOL);
+
+        // Test boolean.
+        $arr[True] = True;
+        $this->assertSame(True, $arr[True]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[True]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        $arr[False] = False;
+        $this->assertSame(False, $arr[False]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[False]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        // Test integer.
+        $arr[-1] = -1;
+        $this->assertSame(True, $arr[True]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[-1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        $arr[0] = 0;
+        $this->assertSame(False, $arr[False]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        // Test float.
+        $arr[1.1] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertSame(True, $arr[True]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[1.1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        $arr[0.0] = 0.0;
+        $this->assertSame(False, $arr[False]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[0.0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        // Test string.
+        $arr['a'] = 'a';
+        $this->assertSame(True, $arr[True]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr['a']);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        $arr[''] = '';
+        $this->assertSame(False, $arr[False]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr['']);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test string field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testString() {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::STRING, GPBType::STRING);
+
+        // Test set.
+        $arr['abc'] = 'abc';
+        $this->assertSame('abc', $arr['abc']);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr['abc']);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        $arr[1] = 1;
+        $this->assertSame('1', $arr['1']);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        $arr[1.1] = 1.1;
+        $this->assertSame('1.1', $arr['1.1']);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[1.1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        $arr[True] = True;
+        $this->assertSame('1', $arr['1']);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+        unset($arr[True]);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($arr));
+
+        // Test foreach.
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::STRING, GPBType::STRING);
+        for ($i = 0; $i < 3; $i++) {
+          $arr[$i] = $i;
+        }
+        $i = 0;
+        $arr_test = [];
+        foreach ($arr as $key => $val) {
+          $this->assertSame($key, $val);
+          $arr_test[] = $key;
+          $i++;
+        }
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($arr_test['0']));
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($arr_test['1']));
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($arr_test['2']));
+        $this->assertSame(3, $i);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test message field.
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testMessage() {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT32,
+            GPBType::MESSAGE, Sub::class);
+
+        // Test append.
+        $sub_m = new Sub();
+        $sub_m->setA(1);
+        $arr[0] = $sub_m;
+        $this->assertSame(1, $arr[0]->getA());
+
+        $this->assertEquals(1, count($arr));
+
+        // Test foreach.
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT32,
+            GPBType::MESSAGE, Sub::class);
+        for ($i = 0; $i < 3; $i++) {
+          $arr[$i] = new Sub();;
+          $arr[$i]->setA($i);
+        }
+        $i = 0;
+        $key_test = [];
+        $value_test = [];
+        foreach ($arr as $key => $val) {
+          $key_test[] = $key;
+          $value_test[] = $val->getA();
+          $i++;
+        }
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($key_test['0']));
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($key_test['1']));
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($key_test['2']));
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($value_test['0']));
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($value_test['1']));
+        $this->assertTrue(isset($value_test['2']));
+        $this->assertSame(3, $i);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test reference in map
+    #########################################################
+
+    public function testMapElementIsReference()
+    {
+        // Bool elements
+        $values = [true => true];
+        array_walk($values, function (&$value) {});
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setMapBoolBool($values);
+
+        // Int32 elements
+        $values = [1 => 1];
+        array_walk($values, function (&$value) {});
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setMapInt32Int32($values);
+
+        // Double elements
+        $values = [1 => 1.0];
+        array_walk($values, function (&$value) {});
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setMapInt32Double($values);
+
+        // String elements
+        $values = ['a' => 'a'];
+        array_walk($values, function (&$value) {});
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setMapStringString($values);
+
+        // Message elements
+        $values = [1 => new Sub()];
+        array_walk($values, function (&$value) {});
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setMapInt32Message($values);
+    }
+
+    #########################################################
+    # Test memory leak
+    #########################################################
+
+    // TODO(teboring): Add it back.
+    // public function testCycleLeak()
+    // {
+    //     $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT32,
+    //         GPBType::MESSAGE, TestMessage::class);
+    //     $arr[0] = new TestMessage;
+    //     $arr[0]->SetMapRecursive($arr);
+
+    //     // Clean up memory before test.
+    //     gc_collect_cycles();
+    //     $start = memory_get_usage();
+    //     unset($arr);
+
+    //     // Explicitly trigger garbage collection.
+    //     gc_collect_cycles();
+
+    //     $end = memory_get_usage();
+    //     $this->assertLessThan($start, $end);
+    // }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/memory_leak_test.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/memory_leak_test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9c292d0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/memory_leak_test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+<?php
+
+# phpunit has memory leak by itself. Thus, it cannot be used to test memory leak.
+
+require_once('generated/NoNamespaceEnum.php');
+require_once('generated/NoNamespaceMessage.php');
+require_once('generated/NoNamespaceMessage/NestedEnum.php');
+require_once('generated/NoNamespaceMessage/NestedMessage.php');
+require_once('generated/PrefixEmpty.php');
+require_once('generated/PrefixTestPrefix.php');
+require_once('generated/PrefixTestPrefix/PrefixNestedEnum.php');
+require_once('generated/PrefixTestPrefix/PrefixNestedMessage.php');
+require_once('generated/TestEmptyNamespace.php');
+require_once('generated/TestEmptyNamespace/NestedEnum.php');
+require_once('generated/TestEmptyNamespace/NestedMessage.php');
+require_once('generated/Bar/TestInclude.php');
+require_once('generated/Bar/TestLegacyMessage.php');
+require_once('generated/Bar/TestLegacyMessage/NestedEnum.php');
+require_once('generated/Bar/TestLegacyMessage/NestedMessage.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/PBARRAY.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/PBEmpty.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestAny.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestBoolValue.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestBytesValue.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestEnum.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestIncludeNamespaceMessage.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestIncludePrefixMessage.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestInt32Value.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestInt64Value.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestMessage.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestMessage/PBEmpty.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestMessage/NestedEnum.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestMessage/Sub.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestPackedMessage.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestPhpDoc.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestRandomFieldOrder.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestReverseFieldOrder.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestStringValue.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestUInt32Value.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestUInt64Value.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/TestUnpackedMessage.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/testLowerCaseMessage.php');
+require_once('generated/Foo/testLowerCaseEnum.php');
+require_once('generated/GPBMetadata/Proto/Test.php');
+require_once('generated/TestEmptyPhpNamespace.php');
+require_once('generated/GPBMetadata/Proto/TestInclude.php');
+require_once('generated/TestNoNamespace.php');
+require_once('generated/Metadata/Php/Test/TestPhpNamespace.php');
+require_once('generated/GPBMetadata/Proto/TestPrefix.php');
+require_once('generated/Php/Test/TestNamespace.php');
+require_once('generated/Php/Test/TestNamespace/PBEmpty.php');
+require_once('generated/Php/Test/TestNamespace/PBEmpty/NestedEnum.php');
+require_once('generated/Php/Test/TestNamespace/PBEmpty/NestedMessage.php');
+require_once('generated/Php/Test/TestNamespace/NestedEnum.php');
+require_once('generated/Php/Test/TestNamespace/NestedMessage.php');
+require_once('test_util.php');
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Foo\TestAny;
+use Foo\TestMessage;
+use Foo\TestMessage\Sub;
+
+$from = new TestMessage();
+TestUtil::setTestMessage($from);
+TestUtil::assertTestMessage($from);
+
+$data = $from->serializeToString();
+
+$to = new TestMessage();
+$to->mergeFromString($data);
+
+TestUtil::assertTestMessage($to);
+
+$from = new TestMessage();
+TestUtil::setTestMessage2($from);
+
+$data = $from->serializeToString();
+
+$to->mergeFromString($data);
+
+// TODO(teboring): This causes following tests fail in php7.
+# $from->setRecursive($from);
+
+$arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::MESSAGE, TestMessage::class);
+$arr[] = new TestMessage;
+$arr[0]->SetRepeatedRecursive($arr);
+
+// Test oneof fields.
+$m = new TestMessage();
+
+$m->setOneofInt32(1);
+assert(1 === $m->getOneofInt32());
+assert(0.0 === $m->getOneofFloat());
+assert('' === $m->getOneofString());
+assert(NULL === $m->getOneofMessage());
+$data = $m->serializeToString();
+$n = new TestMessage();
+$n->mergeFromString($data);
+assert(1 === $n->getOneofInt32());
+
+$m->setOneofFloat(2.0);
+assert(0 === $m->getOneofInt32());
+assert(2.0 === $m->getOneofFloat());
+assert('' === $m->getOneofString());
+assert(NULL === $m->getOneofMessage());
+$data = $m->serializeToString();
+$n = new TestMessage();
+$n->mergeFromString($data);
+assert(2.0 === $n->getOneofFloat());
+
+$m->setOneofString('abc');
+assert(0 === $m->getOneofInt32());
+assert(0.0 === $m->getOneofFloat());
+assert('abc' === $m->getOneofString());
+assert(NULL === $m->getOneofMessage());
+$data = $m->serializeToString();
+$n = new TestMessage();
+$n->mergeFromString($data);
+assert('abc' === $n->getOneofString());
+
+$sub_m = new Sub();
+$sub_m->setA(1);
+$m->setOneofMessage($sub_m);
+assert(0 === $m->getOneofInt32());
+assert(0.0 === $m->getOneofFloat());
+assert('' === $m->getOneofString());
+assert(1 === $m->getOneofMessage()->getA());
+$data = $m->serializeToString();
+$n = new TestMessage();
+$n->mergeFromString($data);
+assert(1 === $n->getOneofMessage()->getA());
+
+$m = new TestMessage();
+$m->mergeFromString(hex2bin('F80601'));
+assert('f80601' === bin2hex($m->serializeToString()));
+
+// Test create repeated field via array.
+$str_arr = array("abc");
+$m = new TestMessage();
+$m->setRepeatedString($str_arr);
+
+// Test create map field via array.
+$str_arr = array("abc"=>"abc");
+$m = new TestMessage();
+$m->setMapStringString($str_arr);
+
+// Test unset
+$from = new TestMessage();
+TestUtil::setTestMessage($from);
+unset($from);
+
+// Test wellknown
+$from = new \Google\Protobuf\Timestamp();
+$from->setSeconds(1);
+assert(1, $from->getSeconds());
+
+$timestamp = new \Google\Protobuf\Timestamp();
+
+date_default_timezone_set('UTC');
+$from = new DateTime('2011-01-01T15:03:01.012345UTC');
+$timestamp->fromDateTime($from);
+assert($from->format('U') == $timestamp->getSeconds());
+assert(1000 * $from->format('u') == $timestamp->getNanos());
+
+$to = $timestamp->toDateTime();
+assert(\DateTime::class == get_class($to));
+assert($from->format('U') == $to->format('U'));
+
+$from = new \Google\Protobuf\Value();
+$from->setNumberValue(1);
+assert(1, $from->getNumberValue());
+
+// Test discard unknown in message.
+$m = new TestMessage();
+$from = hex2bin('F80601');
+$m->mergeFromString($from);
+$m->discardUnknownFields();
+$to = $m->serializeToString();
+assert("" === bin2hex($to));
+
+// Test clear
+$m = new TestMessage();
+TestUtil::setTestMessage($m);
+$m->clear();
+
+// Test unset map element
+$m = new TestMessage();
+$map = $m->getMapStringString();
+$map[1] = 1;
+unset($map[1]);
+
+// Test descriptor
+$pool = \Google\Protobuf\DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+$desc = $pool->getDescriptorByClassName("\Foo\TestMessage");
+$field = $desc->getField(1);
+
+$from = new TestMessage();
+$to = new TestMessage();
+TestUtil::setTestMessage($from);
+$to->mergeFrom($from);
+TestUtil::assertTestMessage($to);
+
+// Test decode Any
+// Make sure packed message has been created at least once.
+$packed = new TestMessage();
+
+$m = new TestAny();
+$m->mergeFromJsonString(
+    "{\"any\":" .
+    "  {\"@type\":\"type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage\"," .
+    "   \"optionalInt32\":1}}");
+assert("type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage" ===
+       $m->getAny()->getTypeUrl());
+assert("0801" === bin2hex($m->getAny()->getValue()));
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/multirequest.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/multirequest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bbe8d7703
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/multirequest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?php
+
+if (extension_loaded("protobuf")) {
+    require_once('memory_leak_test.php');
+    echo "<p>protobuf loaded</p>";
+} else {
+    echo "<p>protobuf not loaded</p>";
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/multirequest.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/multirequest.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..97535ea0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/multirequest.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+# Compile c extension
+VERSION=7.4
+PORT=12345
+
+export PATH=/usr/local/php-$VERSION/bin:$PATH
+export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php:$C_INCLUDE_PATH
+export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+/bin/bash ./compile_extension.sh $VERSION
+
+nohup php -d protobuf.keep_descriptor_pool_after_request=1 -dextension=../ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so -S localhost:$PORT multirequest.php 2>&1 &
+
+sleep 1
+
+wget http://localhost:$PORT/multirequest.result -O multirequest.result
+wget http://localhost:$PORT/multirequest.result -O multirequest.result
+
+pushd ../ext/google/protobuf
+phpize --clean
+popd
+
+PID=`ps | grep "php" | awk '{print $1}'`
+echo $PID
+
+if [[ -z "$PID" ]]
+then
+  echo "Failed"
+  exit 1
+else
+  kill $PID
+  echo "Succeeded"
+fi
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/php_implementation_test.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/php_implementation_test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..307b749c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/php_implementation_test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once('test_base.php');
+require_once('test_util.php');
+
+use Foo\TestEnum;
+use Foo\TestMessage;
+use Foo\TestMessage\Sub;
+use Foo\TestPackedMessage;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\CodedInputStream;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\FileDescriptorSet;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBLabel;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBWire;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\CodedOutputStream;
+
+/**
+ * Please note, this test is only intended to be run without the protobuf C
+ * extension.
+ */
+class ImplementationTest extends TestBase
+{
+    public function setUp()
+    {
+        if (extension_loaded('protobuf')) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function testReadInt32()
+    {
+        $value = null;
+
+        // Positive number.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("01"));
+        GPBWire::readInt32($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $value);
+
+        // Negative number.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("ffffffff0f"));
+        GPBWire::readInt32($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $value);
+
+        // Discard overflow bits.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("ffffffff7f"));
+        GPBWire::readInt32($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $value);
+    }
+
+    public function testReadUint32()
+    {
+        $value = null;
+
+        // Positive number.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("01"));
+        GPBWire::readUint32($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $value);
+
+        // Max uint32.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("ffffffff0f"));
+        GPBWire::readUint32($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $value);
+
+        // Discard overflow bits.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("ffffffff7f"));
+        GPBWire::readUint32($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $value);
+    }
+
+    public function testReadInt64()
+    {
+        $value = null;
+
+        // Positive number.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("01"));
+        GPBWire::readInt64($input, $value);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $value);
+
+        // Negative number.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("ffffffffffffffffff01"));
+        GPBWire::readInt64($input, $value);
+        $this->assertEquals(-1, $value);
+
+        // Discard overflow bits.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("ffffffffffffffffff0f"));
+        GPBWire::readInt64($input, $value);
+        $this->assertEquals(-1, $value);
+    }
+
+    public function testReadUint64()
+    {
+        $value = null;
+
+        // Positive number.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("01"));
+        GPBWire::readUint64($input, $value);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $value);
+
+        // Negative number.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01"));
+        GPBWire::readUint64($input, $value);
+        $this->assertEquals(-1, $value);
+
+        // Discard overflow bits.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF0F"));
+        GPBWire::readUint64($input, $value);
+        $this->assertEquals(-1, $value);
+    }
+
+    public function testReadSint32()
+    {
+        $value = null;
+
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("00"));
+        GPBWire::readSint32($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(0, $value);
+
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("01"));
+        GPBWire::readSint32($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(-1, $value);
+
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("02"));
+        GPBWire::readSint32($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $value);
+    }
+
+    public function testReadSint64()
+    {
+        $value = null;
+
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("00"));
+        GPBWire::readSint64($input, $value);
+        $this->assertEquals(0, $value);
+
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("01"));
+        GPBWire::readSint64($input, $value);
+        $this->assertEquals(-1, $value);
+
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("02"));
+        GPBWire::readSint64($input, $value);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $value);
+    }
+
+    public function testReadFixed32()
+    {
+        $value = null;
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("12345678"));
+        GPBWire::readFixed32($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(0x78563412, $value);
+    }
+
+    public function testReadFixed64()
+    {
+        $value = null;
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("1234567812345678"));
+        GPBWire::readFixed64($input, $value);
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame("8671175386481439762", $value);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(0x7856341278563412, $value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function testReadSfixed32()
+    {
+        $value = null;
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("12345678"));
+        GPBWire::readSfixed32($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(0x78563412, $value);
+    }
+
+    public function testReadFloat()
+    {
+        $value = null;
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("0000803F"));
+        GPBWire::readFloat($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(1.0, $value);
+    }
+
+    public function testReadBool()
+    {
+        $value = null;
+
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("00"));
+        GPBWire::readBool($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(false, $value);
+
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("01"));
+        GPBWire::readBool($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(true, $value);
+    }
+
+    public function testReadDouble()
+    {
+        $value = null;
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("000000000000F03F"));
+        GPBWire::readDouble($input, $value);
+        $this->assertSame(1.0, $value);
+    }
+
+    public function testReadSfixed64()
+    {
+        $value = null;
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin("1234567812345678"));
+        GPBWire::readSfixed64($input, $value);
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame("8671175386481439762", $value);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(0x7856341278563412, $value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function testZigZagEncodeDecode()
+    {
+        $this->assertSame(0, GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(0));
+        $this->assertSame(1, GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(-1));
+        $this->assertSame(2, GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(1));
+        $this->assertSame(3, GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(-2));
+        $this->assertSame(0x7FFFFFFE, GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(0x3FFFFFFF));
+        $this->assertSame(0x7FFFFFFF, GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(0xC0000000));
+        $this->assertSame(0x7FFFFFFF, GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(-1073741824));
+
+        $this->assertSame(0,  GPBWire::zigZagDecode32(0));
+        $this->assertSame(-1, GPBWire::zigZagDecode32(1));
+        $this->assertSame(1,  GPBWire::zigZagDecode32(2));
+        $this->assertSame(-2, GPBWire::zigZagDecode32(3));
+        $this->assertSame(0x3FFFFFFF,  GPBWire::zigZagDecode32(0x7FFFFFFE));
+        $this->assertSame(-1073741824, GPBWire::zigZagDecode32(0x7FFFFFFF));
+        $this->assertSame(0x7FFFFFFF,  GPBWire::zigZagDecode32(0xFFFFFFFE));
+        $this->assertSame((int)-2147483648,GPBWire::zigZagDecode32(0xFFFFFFFF));
+
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame(-2, GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(0x7FFFFFFF));
+            $this->assertSame(-1, GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(0x80000000));
+            $this->assertSame('0', GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(0));
+            $this->assertSame('1', GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(-1));
+            $this->assertSame('2', GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(1));
+            $this->assertSame('3', GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(-2));
+            $this->assertSame(
+                '2147483646',  // 0x7FFFFFE
+                GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(0x3FFFFFFF));
+            $this->assertSame(
+                '2147483647',  // 0x7FFFFFF
+                GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(-1073741824));  // 0xFFFFFFFFC0000000
+            $this->assertSame(
+                '4294967294',                           // 0xFFFFFFFE
+                GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(2147483647));   // 0x7FFFFFFF
+            $this->assertSame(
+                '4294967295',                           // 0xFFFFFFFF
+                GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(-2147483648));  // 0xFFFFFFFF80000000
+            $this->assertSame(
+                '18446744073709551614',  // 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE
+                                         // 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+                GPBWire::zigZagEncode64("9223372036854775807"));
+            $this->assertSame(
+                '18446744073709551615',  // 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+                                         // 0x8000000000000000
+                GPBWire::zigZagEncode64("-9223372036854775808"));
+
+            $this->assertSame('0', GPBWire::zigZagDecode64(0));
+            $this->assertSame('-1', GPBWire::zigZagDecode64(1));
+            $this->assertSame('1', GPBWire::zigZagDecode64(2));
+            $this->assertSame('-2', GPBWire::zigZagDecode64(3));
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(4294967294, GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(0x7FFFFFFF));
+            $this->assertSame(4294967295, GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(0x80000000));
+            $this->assertSame(0, GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(0));
+            $this->assertSame(1, GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(-1));
+            $this->assertSame(2, GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(1));
+            $this->assertSame(3, GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(-2));
+            $this->assertSame(0x7FFFFFFE, GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(0x3FFFFFFF));
+            $this->assertSame(
+                0x7FFFFFFF,
+                GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(0xFFFFFFFFC0000000));
+            $this->assertSame(
+                0xFFFFFFFE,
+                GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(0x7FFFFFFF));
+            $this->assertSame(
+                0xFFFFFFFF,
+                GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(0xFFFFFFFF80000000));
+            $this->assertSame(
+                -2,  // 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE
+                GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF));
+            $this->assertSame(
+                -1,  // 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+                GPBWire::zigZagEncode64(0x8000000000000000));
+
+            $this->assertSame(0, GPBWire::zigZagDecode64(0));
+            $this->assertSame(-1, GPBWire::zigZagDecode64(1));
+            $this->assertSame(1, GPBWire::zigZagDecode64(2));
+            $this->assertSame(-2, GPBWire::zigZagDecode64(3));
+        }
+
+        // Round trip
+        $this->assertSame(0, GPBWire::zigZagDecode32(GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(0)));
+        $this->assertSame(1, GPBWire::zigZagDecode32(GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(1)));
+        $this->assertSame(-1, GPBWire::zigZagDecode32(GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(-1)));
+        $this->assertSame(14927,
+                      GPBWire::zigZagDecode32(GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(14927)));
+        $this->assertSame(-3612,
+                      GPBWire::zigZagDecode32(GPBWire::zigZagEncode32(-3612)));
+    }
+
+    public function testDecode()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->mergeFromString(TestUtil::getGoldenTestMessage());
+        TestUtil::assertTestMessage($m);
+    }
+
+    public function testDescriptorDecode()
+    {
+        $file_desc_set = new FileDescriptorSet();
+        $file_desc_set->mergeFromString(hex2bin(
+            "0a3b0a12746573745f696e636c7564652e70726f746f120362617222180a" .
+            "0b54657374496e636c75646512090a0161180120012805620670726f746f33"));
+
+        $this->assertSame(1, sizeof($file_desc_set->getFile()));
+
+        $file_desc = $file_desc_set->getFile()[0];
+        $this->assertSame("test_include.proto", $file_desc->getName());
+        $this->assertSame("bar", $file_desc->getPackage());
+        $this->assertSame(0, sizeof($file_desc->getDependency()));
+        $this->assertSame(1, sizeof($file_desc->getMessageType()));
+        $this->assertSame(0, sizeof($file_desc->getEnumType()));
+        $this->assertSame("proto3", $file_desc->getSyntax());
+
+        $desc = $file_desc->getMessageType()[0];
+        $this->assertSame("TestInclude", $desc->getName());
+        $this->assertSame(1, sizeof($desc->getField()));
+        $this->assertSame(0, sizeof($desc->getNestedType()));
+        $this->assertSame(0, sizeof($desc->getEnumType()));
+        $this->assertSame(0, sizeof($desc->getOneofDecl()));
+
+        $field = $desc->getField()[0];
+        $this->assertSame("a", $field->getName());
+        $this->assertSame(1, $field->getNumber());
+        $this->assertSame(GPBLabel::OPTIONAL, $field->getLabel());
+        $this->assertSame(GPBType::INT32, $field->getType());
+    }
+
+    public function testReadVarint64()
+    {
+        $var = 0;
+
+        // Empty buffer.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin(''));
+        $this->assertFalse($input->readVarint64($var));
+
+        // The largest varint is 10 bytes long.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin('8080808080808080808001'));
+        $this->assertFalse($input->readVarint64($var));
+
+        // Corrupted varint.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin('808080'));
+        $this->assertFalse($input->readVarint64($var));
+
+        // Normal case.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin('808001'));
+        $this->assertTrue($input->readVarint64($var));
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('16384', $var);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(16384, $var);
+        }
+        $this->assertFalse($input->readVarint64($var));
+
+        // Read two varint.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin('808001808002'));
+        $this->assertTrue($input->readVarint64($var));
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('16384', $var);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(16384, $var);
+        }
+        $this->assertTrue($input->readVarint64($var));
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('32768', $var);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(32768, $var);
+        }
+        $this->assertFalse($input->readVarint64($var));
+
+        // Read 64 testing
+        $testVals = array(
+            '10'                 => '0a000000000000000000',
+            '100'                => '64000000000000000000',
+            '800'                => 'a0060000000000000000',
+            '6400'               => '80320000000000000000',
+            '70400'              => '80a60400000000000000',
+            '774400'             => '80a22f00000000000000',
+            '9292800'            => '8098b704000000000000',
+            '74342400'           => '80c0b923000000000000',
+            '743424000'          => '8080bfe2020000000000',
+            '8177664000'         => '8080b5bb1e0000000000',
+            '65421312000'        => '8080a8dbf30100000000',
+            '785055744000'       => '8080e0c7ec1600000000',
+            '9420668928000'      => '808080dd969202000000',
+            '103627358208000'    => '808080fff9c717000000',
+            '1139900940288000'   => '808080f5bd9783020000',
+            '13678811283456000'  => '808080fce699a6180000',
+            '109430490267648000' => '808080e0b7ceb1c20100',
+            '984874412408832000' => '808080e0f5c1bed50d00',
+        );
+
+        foreach ($testVals as $original => $encoded) {
+            $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin($encoded));
+            $this->assertTrue($input->readVarint64($var));
+            $this->assertEquals($original, $var);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function testReadVarint32()
+    {
+        $var = 0;
+
+        // Empty buffer.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin(''));
+        $this->assertFalse($input->readVarint32($var));
+
+        // The largest varint is 10 bytes long.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin('8080808080808080808001'));
+        $this->assertFalse($input->readVarint32($var));
+
+        // Corrupted varint.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin('808080'));
+        $this->assertFalse($input->readVarint32($var));
+
+        // Normal case.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin('808001'));
+        $this->assertTrue($input->readVarint32($var));
+        $this->assertSame(16384, $var);
+        $this->assertFalse($input->readVarint32($var));
+
+        // Read two varint.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin('808001808002'));
+        $this->assertTrue($input->readVarint32($var));
+        $this->assertSame(16384, $var);
+        $this->assertTrue($input->readVarint32($var));
+        $this->assertSame(32768, $var);
+        $this->assertFalse($input->readVarint32($var));
+
+        // Read a 64-bit integer. High-order bits should be discarded.
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin('808081808001'));
+        $this->assertTrue($input->readVarint32($var));
+        $this->assertSame(16384, $var);
+        $this->assertFalse($input->readVarint32($var));
+    }
+
+    public function testReadTag()
+    {
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin('808001'));
+        $tag = $input->readTag();
+        $this->assertSame(16384, $tag);
+        $tag = $input->readTag();
+        $this->assertSame(0, $tag);
+    }
+
+    public function testPushPopLimit()
+    {
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin('808001'));
+        $old_limit = $input->pushLimit(0);
+        $tag = $input->readTag();
+        $this->assertSame(0, $tag);
+        $input->popLimit($old_limit);
+        $tag = $input->readTag();
+        $this->assertSame(16384, $tag);
+    }
+
+    public function testReadRaw()
+    {
+        $input = new CodedInputStream(hex2bin('808001'));
+        $buffer = null;
+
+        $this->assertTrue($input->readRaw(3, $buffer));
+        $this->assertSame(hex2bin('808001'), $buffer);
+
+        $this->assertFalse($input->readRaw(1, $buffer));
+    }
+
+    public function testWriteVarint32()
+    {
+        $output = new CodedOutputStream(3);
+        $output->writeVarint32(16384, true);
+        $this->assertSame(hex2bin('808001'), $output->getData());
+
+        // Negative numbers are padded to be compatible with int64.
+        $output = new CodedOutputStream(10);
+        $output->writeVarint32(-43, false);
+        $this->assertSame(hex2bin('D5FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01'), $output->getData());
+    }
+
+    public function testWriteVarint64()
+    {
+        $output = new CodedOutputStream(10);
+        $output->writeVarint64(-43);
+        $this->assertSame(hex2bin('D5FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01'), $output->getData());
+    }
+
+    public function testWriteLittleEndian32()
+    {
+        $output = new CodedOutputStream(4);
+        $output->writeLittleEndian32(46);
+        $this->assertSame(hex2bin('2E000000'), $output->getData());
+    }
+
+    public function testWriteLittleEndian64()
+    {
+        $output = new CodedOutputStream(8);
+        $output->writeLittleEndian64(47);
+        $this->assertSame(hex2bin('2F00000000000000'), $output->getData());
+    }
+
+    public function testByteSize()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        TestUtil::setTestMessage($m);
+        $this->assertSame(518, $m->byteSize());
+    }
+
+    public function testPackedByteSize()
+    {
+        $m = new TestPackedMessage();
+        TestUtil::setTestPackedMessage($m);
+        $this->assertSame(166, $m->byteSize());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException UnexpectedValueException
+     * @expectedExceptionMessage Invalid message property: optionalInt32
+     */
+    public function testArrayConstructorJsonCaseThrowsException()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage([
+            'optionalInt32' => -42,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     * @expectedExceptionMessage Expect Foo\TestMessage_Sub.
+     */
+    public function testArraysForMessagesThrowsException()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage([
+            'optional_message' => [
+                'a' => 33
+            ]
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function testArrayConstructorWithNullValues()
+    {
+        $requestData = [
+            'optional_bool' => null,
+            'optional_string' => null,
+            'optional_bytes' => null,
+            'optional_message' => null,
+        ];
+
+        $m = new TestMessage($requestData);
+
+        $this->assertSame(false, $m->getOptionalBool());
+        $this->assertSame('', $m->getOptionalString());
+        $this->assertSame('', $m->getOptionalBytes());
+        $this->assertSame(null, $m->getOptionalMessage());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider provideArrayConstructorWithNullValuesThrowsException
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testArrayConstructorWithNullValuesThrowsException($requestData)
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage($requestData);
+    }
+
+    public function provideArrayConstructorWithNullValuesThrowsException()
+    {
+        return [
+            [['optional_int32' => null]],
+            [['optional_int64' => null]],
+            [['optional_uint32' => null]],
+            [['optional_uint64' => null]],
+            [['optional_sint32' => null]],
+            [['optional_sint64' => null]],
+            [['optional_fixed32' => null]],
+            [['optional_fixed64' => null]],
+            [['optional_sfixed32' => null]],
+            [['optional_sfixed64' => null]],
+            [['optional_float' => null]],
+            [['optional_double' => null]],
+            [['optional_enum' => null]],
+            [['repeated_int32' => null]],
+            [['map_int32_int32' => null]],
+        ];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/empty/echo.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/empty/echo.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1817018dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/empty/echo.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package empty.echo;
+
+message TestEmptyPackage {
+  int32 a = 1;
+
+  // Test nested messages, enums, and reserved names
+  NestedMessage nested_message = 2;
+  NestedEnum nested_enum = 3;
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 a = 1;
+  }
+  enum NestedEnum {
+      ZERO = 0;
+  };
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95057090f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+import 'google/protobuf/any.proto';
+import 'google/protobuf/wrappers.proto';
+import 'google/protobuf/struct.proto';
+import 'proto/test_include.proto';
+import 'proto/test_no_namespace.proto';
+import 'proto/test_php_namespace.proto';
+import 'proto/test_empty_php_namespace.proto';
+import 'proto/test_prefix.proto';
+
+package foo;
+
+message TestMessage {
+  // Singular
+  int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  sint32 optional_sint32 = 5;
+  sint64 optional_sint64 = 6;
+  fixed32 optional_fixed32 = 7;
+  fixed64 optional_fixed64 = 8;
+  sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 = 9;
+  sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  float optional_float = 11;
+  double optional_double = 12;
+  bool optional_bool = 13;
+  string optional_string = 14;
+  bytes optional_bytes = 15;
+
+  TestEnum optional_enum = 16;
+  Sub optional_message = 17;
+  bar.TestInclude optional_included_message = 18;
+  TestMessage recursive = 19;
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated TestEnum repeated_enum = 46;
+  repeated Sub repeated_message = 47;
+  repeated TestMessage repeated_recursive = 48;
+
+  oneof my_oneof {
+    int32  oneof_int32    = 51;
+    int64  oneof_int64    = 52;
+    uint32 oneof_uint32   = 53;
+    uint64 oneof_uint64   = 54;
+    uint32 oneof_sint32   = 55;
+    uint64 oneof_sint64   = 56;
+    uint32 oneof_fixed32  = 57;
+    uint64 oneof_fixed64  = 58;
+    uint32 oneof_sfixed32 = 59;
+    uint64 oneof_sfixed64 = 60;
+    double oneof_double   = 61;
+    float  oneof_float    = 62;
+    bool   oneof_bool     = 63;
+    string oneof_string   = 64;
+    bytes  oneof_bytes    = 65;
+    TestEnum oneof_enum   = 66;
+    Sub    oneof_message  = 67;
+  }
+
+  map<int32,       int32> map_int32_int32       = 71;
+  map<int64,       int64> map_int64_int64       = 72;
+  map<uint32,     uint32> map_uint32_uint32     = 73;
+  map<uint64,     uint64> map_uint64_uint64     = 74;
+  map<sint32,     sint32> map_sint32_sint32     = 75;
+  map<sint64,     sint64> map_sint64_sint64     = 76;
+  map<fixed32,   fixed32> map_fixed32_fixed32   = 77;
+  map<fixed64,   fixed64> map_fixed64_fixed64   = 78;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 79;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 80;
+  map<int32,       float> map_int32_float       = 81;
+  map<int32,      double> map_int32_double      = 82;
+  map<bool,         bool> map_bool_bool         = 83;
+  map<string,     string> map_string_string     = 84;
+  map<int32,       bytes> map_int32_bytes       = 85;
+  map<int32,    TestEnum> map_int32_enum        = 86;
+  map<int32,         Sub> map_int32_message     = 87;
+
+  map<int32, TestMessage> map_recursive = 88;
+
+  message Sub {
+    int32 a = 1;
+    repeated int32 b = 2;
+  }
+
+  // Reserved for non-existing field test.
+  // int32 non_exist = 89;
+
+  NoNamespaceMessage optional_no_namespace_message = 91;
+  NoNamespaceEnum optional_no_namespace_enum = 92;
+  repeated NoNamespaceMessage repeated_no_namespace_message = 93;
+  repeated NoNamespaceEnum repeated_no_namespace_enum = 94;
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    ZERO = 0;
+  }
+
+  NestedEnum optional_nested_enum = 101;
+
+  // Test prefix for reserved words.
+  message Empty {
+    int32 a = 1;
+  }
+
+  reserved 111;
+
+  // Test map with missing message value
+  map<string, TestMessage> map_string_message = 121;
+  map<string, google.protobuf.Any> map_string_any = 122;
+  map<string, google.protobuf.ListValue> map_string_list = 123;
+  map<string, google.protobuf.Struct> map_string_struct = 124;
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  ZERO = 0;
+  ONE  = 1;
+  TWO  = 2;
+  ECHO = 3;  // Test reserved name.
+}
+
+// Test prefix for reserved words.
+message Empty {
+  int32 a = 1;
+}
+
+message ARRAY {
+  int32 a = 1;
+}
+
+message TestPackedMessage {
+  repeated int32    repeated_int32    = 90  [packed = true];
+  repeated int64    repeated_int64    = 91  [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32   repeated_uint32   = 92  [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64   repeated_uint64   = 93  [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32   repeated_sint32   = 94  [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64   repeated_sint64   = 95  [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed32  repeated_fixed32  = 96  [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed64  repeated_fixed64  = 97  [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 98  [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 99  [packed = true];
+  repeated float    repeated_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated double   repeated_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool     repeated_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated TestEnum repeated_enum     = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// Need to be in sync with TestPackedMessage.
+message TestUnpackedMessage {
+  repeated int32    repeated_int32    = 90  [packed = false];
+  repeated int64    repeated_int64    = 91  [packed = false];
+  repeated uint32   repeated_uint32   = 92  [packed = false];
+  repeated uint64   repeated_uint64   = 93  [packed = false];
+  repeated sint32   repeated_sint32   = 94  [packed = false];
+  repeated sint64   repeated_sint64   = 95  [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed32  repeated_fixed32  = 96  [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed64  repeated_fixed64  = 97  [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 98  [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 99  [packed = false];
+  repeated float    repeated_float    = 100 [packed = false];
+  repeated double   repeated_double   = 101 [packed = false];
+  repeated bool     repeated_bool     = 102 [packed = false];
+  repeated TestEnum repeated_enum     = 103 [packed = false];
+}
+
+// /**/@<>&\{
+message TestPhpDoc {
+  int32 a = 1;
+}
+
+message TestIncludePrefixMessage {
+  TestPrefix prefix_message = 1;
+}
+
+message TestIncludeNamespaceMessage {
+  TestNamespace namespace_message = 1;
+  TestEmptyNamespace empty_namespace_message = 2;
+}
+
+// This will cause upb fields not ordered by the order in the generated code.
+message TestRandomFieldOrder {
+  int64 tag13 = 150;
+  string tag14 = 160;
+}
+
+message TestReverseFieldOrder {
+  repeated int32 a = 2;
+  string b = 1;
+}
+
+message testLowerCaseMessage {
+}
+
+enum testLowerCaseEnum {
+  VALUE = 0;
+}
+
+message TestAny {
+  google.protobuf.Any any = 1;
+}
+
+message TestInt32Value {
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value field = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int32Value repeated_field = 2;
+  oneof oneof_fields {
+    google.protobuf.Int32Value oneof_field = 3;
+    int32 int32_field = 4;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestInt64Value {
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value field = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int64Value repeated_field = 2;
+  oneof oneof_fields {
+    google.protobuf.Int64Value oneof_field = 3;
+    int32 int32_field = 4;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestUInt32Value {
+  google.protobuf.UInt32Value field = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt32Value repeated_field = 2;
+  oneof oneof_fields {
+    google.protobuf.UInt32Value oneof_field = 3;
+    int32 int32_field = 4;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestUInt64Value {
+  google.protobuf.UInt64Value field = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt64Value repeated_field = 2;
+  oneof oneof_fields {
+    google.protobuf.UInt64Value oneof_field = 3;
+    int32 int32_field = 4;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestBoolValue {
+  google.protobuf.BoolValue field = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BoolValue repeated_field = 2;
+  oneof oneof_fields {
+    google.protobuf.BoolValue oneof_field = 3;
+    int32 int32_field = 4;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestStringValue {
+  google.protobuf.StringValue field = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.StringValue repeated_field = 2;
+  oneof oneof_fields {
+    google.protobuf.StringValue oneof_field = 3;
+    int32 int32_field = 4;
+  }
+  map<int32, google.protobuf.StringValue> map_field = 5;
+}
+
+message TestBytesValue {
+  google.protobuf.BytesValue field = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BytesValue repeated_field = 2;
+  oneof oneof_fields {
+    google.protobuf.BytesValue oneof_field = 3;
+    int32 int32_field = 4;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_descriptors.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_descriptors.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d42aec7ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_descriptors.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package descriptors;
+
+message TestDescriptorsMessage {
+  int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  TestDescriptorsEnum optional_enum = 16;
+  Sub optional_message = 17;
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 31;
+  repeated Sub repeated_message = 47;
+
+  oneof my_oneof {
+    int32 oneof_int32    = 51;
+  }
+
+  map<int32, EnumSub> map_int32_enum = 71;
+
+  message Sub {
+    int32 a = 1;
+    repeated int32 b = 2;
+  }
+
+  enum EnumSub {
+    ZERO = 0;
+    ONE = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+enum TestDescriptorsEnum {
+  ZERO = 0;
+  ONE  = 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_empty_php_namespace.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_empty_php_namespace.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7ed16573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_empty_php_namespace.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package foo;
+option php_namespace = "";
+option php_metadata_namespace = "";
+
+message TestEmptyNamespace {
+  int32 a = 1;
+
+  // Test nested messages, enums, and reserved names
+  NestedMessage nested_message = 2;
+  NestedEnum nested_enum = 3;
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 a = 1;
+  }
+  enum NestedEnum {
+      ZERO = 0;
+  };
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_import_descriptor_proto.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_import_descriptor_proto.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b06160153
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_import_descriptor_proto.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package foo;
+
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+message TestImportDescriptorProto {
+  extend google.protobuf.MethodOptions {
+    int32 a = 72295727;
+  }
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MethodOptions {
+  int32 a = 72295728;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_include.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_include.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9072fe30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_include.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package bar;
+
+message TestInclude {
+  int32 a = 1;
+}
+
+message TestLegacyMessage {
+  NestedMessage message = 1;
+  NestedEnum enum = 2;
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 a = 1;
+  }
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    ZERO = 0;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_no_namespace.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_no_namespace.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cce42ea2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_no_namespace.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option php_metadata_namespace = "\\";
+
+message NoNamespaceMessage {
+  int32 a = 1;
+
+  // Test nested messages, enums, and reserved names
+  NestedMessage nested_message = 2;
+  NestedEnum nested_enum = 3;
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 a = 1;
+  }
+  enum NestedEnum {
+      ZERO = 0;
+  };
+}
+
+enum NoNamespaceEnum {
+  VALUE_A = 0;
+  VALUE_B = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_php_namespace.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_php_namespace.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61085bf75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_php_namespace.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package foo;
+option php_namespace = "Php\\Test";
+option php_metadata_namespace = "Metadata\\Php\\Test";
+
+message TestNamespace {
+  int32 a = 1;
+
+  // Test nested messages, enums, and reserved names
+  NestedMessage nested_message = 2;
+  NestedEnum nested_enum = 3;
+  Empty reserved_name = 4;
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 a = 1;
+  }
+  enum NestedEnum {
+      ZERO = 0;
+  };
+  // Test reserved name
+  message Empty {
+    NestedMessage nested_message = 1;
+    NestedEnum nested_enum = 2;
+    message NestedMessage {
+      int32 a = 1;
+    }
+    enum NestedEnum {
+      ZERO = 0;
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_prefix.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_prefix.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3fa11381b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_prefix.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option php_class_prefix = "Prefix";
+
+message TestPrefix {
+  int32 a = 1;
+  NestedMessage nested_message = 2;
+  NestedEnum nested_enum = 3;
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 a = 1;
+  }
+  enum NestedEnum {
+      ZERO = 0;
+  };
+}
+
+// Test prefix for reserved words.
+message Empty {
+  int32 a = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_enum_lower.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_enum_lower.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2daeaff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_enum_lower.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package lower_enum;
+
+enum abstract { ZERO1 = 0; }
+enum and { ZERO2 = 0; }
+enum array { ZERO3 = 0; }
+enum as { ZERO4 = 0; }
+enum break { ZERO5 = 0; }
+enum callable { ZERO6 = 0; }
+enum case { ZERO7 = 0; }
+enum catch { ZERO8 = 0; }
+enum class { ZERO9 = 0; }
+enum clone { ZERO10 = 0; }
+enum const { ZERO11 = 0; }
+enum continue { ZERO12 = 0; }
+enum declare { ZERO13 = 0; }
+enum default { ZERO14 = 0; }
+enum die { ZERO15 = 0; }
+enum do { ZERO16 = 0; }
+enum echo { ZERO17 = 0; }
+enum else { ZERO18 = 0; }
+enum elseif { ZERO19 = 0; }
+enum empty { ZERO20 = 0; }
+enum enddeclare { ZERO21 = 0; }
+enum endfor { ZERO22 = 0; }
+enum endforeach { ZERO23 = 0; }
+enum endif { ZERO24 = 0; }
+enum endswitch { ZERO25 = 0; }
+enum endwhile { ZERO26 = 0; }
+enum eval { ZERO27 = 0; }
+enum exit { ZERO28 = 0; }
+enum extends { ZERO29 = 0; }
+enum final { ZERO30 = 0; }
+enum for { ZERO31 = 0; }
+enum foreach { ZERO32 = 0; }
+enum function { ZERO33 = 0; }
+enum global { ZERO34 = 0; }
+enum goto { ZERO35 = 0; }
+enum if { ZERO36 = 0; }
+enum implements { ZERO37 = 0; }
+enum include { ZERO38 = 0; }
+enum include_once { ZERO39 = 0; }
+enum instanceof { ZERO40 = 0; }
+enum insteadof { ZERO41 = 0; }
+enum interface { ZERO42 = 0; }
+enum isset { ZERO43 = 0; }
+enum list { ZERO44 = 0; }
+enum namespace { ZERO45 = 0; }
+enum new { ZERO46 = 0; }
+enum or { ZERO47 = 0; }
+enum print { ZERO48 = 0; }
+enum private { ZERO49 = 0; }
+enum protected { ZERO50 = 0; }
+enum public { ZERO51 = 0; }
+enum require { ZERO52 = 0; }
+enum require_once { ZERO53 = 0; }
+enum return { ZERO54 = 0; }
+enum static { ZERO55 = 0; }
+enum switch { ZERO56 = 0; }
+enum throw { ZERO57 = 0; }
+enum trait { ZERO58 = 0; }
+enum try { ZERO59 = 0; }
+enum unset { ZERO60 = 0; }
+enum use { ZERO61 = 0; }
+enum var { ZERO62 = 0; }
+enum while { ZERO63 = 0; }
+enum xor { ZERO64 = 0; }
+enum int { ZERO65 = 0; }
+enum float { ZERO66 = 0; }
+enum bool { ZERO67 = 0; }
+enum string { ZERO68 = 0; }
+enum true { ZERO69 = 0; }
+enum false { ZERO70 = 0; }
+enum null { ZERO71 = 0; }
+enum void { ZERO72 = 0; }
+enum iterable { ZERO73 = 0; }
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_enum_upper.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_enum_upper.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a396fea31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_enum_upper.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package upper_enum;
+
+enum ABSTRACT { ZERO1 = 0; }
+enum AND { ZERO2 = 0; }
+enum ARRAY { ZERO3 = 0; }
+enum AS { ZERO4 = 0; }
+enum BREAK { ZERO5 = 0; }
+enum CALLABLE { ZERO6 = 0; }
+enum CASE { ZERO7 = 0; }
+enum CATCH { ZERO8 = 0; }
+enum CLASS { ZERO9 = 0; }
+enum CLONE { ZERO10 = 0; }
+enum CONST { ZERO11 = 0; }
+enum CONTINUE { ZERO12 = 0; }
+enum DECLARE { ZERO13 = 0; }
+enum DEFAULT { ZERO14 = 0; }
+enum DIE { ZERO15 = 0; }
+enum DO { ZERO16 = 0; }
+enum ECHO { ZERO17 = 0; }
+enum ELSE { ZERO18 = 0; }
+enum ELSEIF { ZERO19 = 0; }
+enum EMPTY { ZERO20 = 0; }
+enum ENDDECLARE { ZERO21 = 0; }
+enum ENDFOR { ZERO22 = 0; }
+enum ENDFOREACH { ZERO23 = 0; }
+enum ENDIF { ZERO24 = 0; }
+enum ENDSWITCH { ZERO25 = 0; }
+enum ENDWHILE { ZERO26 = 0; }
+enum EVAL { ZERO27 = 0; }
+enum EXIT { ZERO28 = 0; }
+enum EXTENDS { ZERO29 = 0; }
+enum FINAL { ZERO30 = 0; }
+enum FOR { ZERO31 = 0; }
+enum FOREACH { ZERO32 = 0; }
+enum FUNCTION { ZERO33 = 0; }
+enum GLOBAL { ZERO34 = 0; }
+enum GOTO { ZERO35 = 0; }
+enum IF { ZERO36 = 0; }
+enum IMPLEMENTS { ZERO37 = 0; }
+enum INCLUDE { ZERO38 = 0; }
+enum INCLUDE_ONCE { ZERO39 = 0; }
+enum INSTANCEOF { ZERO40 = 0; }
+enum INSTEADOF { ZERO41 = 0; }
+enum INTERFACE { ZERO42 = 0; }
+enum ISSET { ZERO43 = 0; }
+enum LIST { ZERO44 = 0; }
+enum NAMESPACE { ZERO45 = 0; }
+enum NEW { ZERO46 = 0; }
+enum OR { ZERO47 = 0; }
+enum PRINT { ZERO48 = 0; }
+enum PRIVATE { ZERO49 = 0; }
+enum PROTECTED { ZERO50 = 0; }
+enum PUBLIC { ZERO51 = 0; }
+enum REQUIRE { ZERO52 = 0; }
+enum REQUIRE_ONCE { ZERO53 = 0; }
+enum RETURN { ZERO54 = 0; }
+enum STATIC { ZERO55 = 0; }
+enum SWITCH { ZERO56 = 0; }
+enum THROW { ZERO57 = 0; }
+enum TRAIT { ZERO58 = 0; }
+enum TRY { ZERO59 = 0; }
+enum UNSET { ZERO60 = 0; }
+enum USE { ZERO61 = 0; }
+enum VAR { ZERO62 = 0; }
+enum WHILE { ZERO63 = 0; }
+enum XOR { ZERO64 = 0; }
+enum INT { ZERO65 = 0; }
+enum FLOAT { ZERO66 = 0; }
+enum BOOL { ZERO67 = 0; }
+enum STRING { ZERO68 = 0; }
+enum TRUE { ZERO69 = 0; }
+enum FALSE { ZERO70 = 0; }
+enum NULL { ZERO71 = 0; }
+enum VOID { ZERO72 = 0; }
+enum ITERABLE { ZERO73 = 0; }
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_enum_value_lower.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_enum_value_lower.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96da319e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_enum_value_lower.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package lower_enum_value;
+
+enum NotAllowed {
+  abstract = 0;
+  and = 1;
+  array = 2;
+  as = 3;
+  break = 4;
+  callable = 5;
+  case     = 6;
+  catch    = 7;
+  class    = 8;
+  clone    = 9;
+  const    = 10;
+  continue = 11;
+  declare  = 12;
+  default  = 13;
+  die      = 14;
+  do       = 15;
+  echo     = 16;
+  else     = 17;
+  elseif   = 18;
+  empty    = 19;
+  enddeclare = 20;
+  endfor     = 21;
+  endforeach = 22;
+  endif      = 23;
+  endswitch = 24;
+  endwhile = 25;
+  eval = 26;
+  exit = 27;
+  extends = 28;
+  final = 29;
+  for = 30;
+  foreach = 31;
+  function = 32;
+  global = 33;
+  goto = 34;
+  if = 35;
+  implements = 36;
+  include = 37;
+  include_once = 38;
+  instanceof = 39;
+  insteadof = 40;
+  interface = 41;
+  isset = 42;
+  list = 43;
+  namespace = 44;
+  new = 45;
+  or = 46;
+  print = 47;
+  private = 48;
+  protected = 49;
+  public = 50;
+  require = 51;
+  require_once = 52;
+  return = 53;
+  static = 54;
+  switch = 55;
+  throw = 56;
+  trait = 57;
+  try = 58;
+  unset = 59;
+  use = 60;
+  var = 61;
+  while = 62;
+  xor = 63;
+  int = 64;
+  float = 65;
+  bool = 66;
+  string = 67;
+  true = 68;
+  false = 69;
+  null = 70;
+  void = 71;
+  iterable = 72;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_enum_value_upper.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_enum_value_upper.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b026a8585
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_enum_value_upper.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package upper_enum_value;
+
+enum NotAllowed {
+  ABSTRACT = 0;
+  AND = 1;
+  ARRAY = 2;
+  AS = 3;
+  BREAK = 4;
+  CALLABLE = 5;
+  CASE     = 6;
+  CATCH    = 7;
+  CLASS    = 8;
+  CLONE    = 9;
+  CONST    = 10;
+  CONTINUE = 11;
+  DECLARE  = 12;
+  DEFAULT  = 13;
+  DIE      = 14;
+  DO       = 15;
+  ECHO     = 16;
+  ELSE     = 17;
+  ELSEIF   = 18;
+  EMPTY    = 19;
+  ENDDECLARE = 20;
+  ENDFOR     = 21;
+  ENDFOREACH = 22;
+  ENDIF      = 23;
+  ENDSWITCH = 24;
+  ENDWHILE = 25;
+  EVAL = 26;
+  EXIT = 27;
+  EXTENDS = 28;
+  FINAL = 29;
+  FOR = 30;
+  FOREACH = 31;
+  FUNCTION = 32;
+  GLOBAL = 33;
+  GOTO = 34;
+  IF = 35;
+  IMPLEMENTS = 36;
+  INCLUDE = 37;
+  INCLUDE_ONCE = 38;
+  INSTANCEOF = 39;
+  INSTEADOF = 40;
+  INTERFACE = 41;
+  ISSET = 42;
+  LIST = 43;
+  NAMESPACE = 44;
+  NEW = 45;
+  OR = 46;
+  PRINT = 47;
+  PRIVATE = 48;
+  PROTECTED = 49;
+  PUBLIC = 50;
+  REQUIRE = 51;
+  REQUIRE_ONCE = 52;
+  RETURN = 53;
+  STATIC = 54;
+  SWITCH = 55;
+  THROW = 56;
+  TRAIT = 57;
+  TRY = 58;
+  UNSET = 59;
+  USE = 60;
+  VAR = 61;
+  WHILE = 62;
+  XOR = 63;
+  INT = 64;
+  FLOAT = 65;
+  BOOL = 66;
+  STRING = 67;
+  TRUE = 68;
+  FALSE = 69;
+  NULL = 70;
+  VOID = 71;
+  ITERABLE = 72;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_message_lower.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_message_lower.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed120808b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_message_lower.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package lower;
+
+message abstract {}
+message and {}
+message array {}
+message as {}
+message break {}
+message callable {}
+message case {}
+message catch {}
+message class {}
+message clone {}
+message const {}
+message continue {}
+message declare {}
+message default {}
+message die {}
+message do {}
+message echo {}
+message else {}
+message elseif {}
+message empty {}
+message enddeclare {}
+message endfor {}
+message endforeach {}
+message endif {}
+message endswitch {}
+message endwhile {}
+message eval {}
+message exit {}
+message extends {}
+message final {}
+message for {}
+message foreach {}
+message function {}
+message global {}
+message goto {}
+message if {}
+message implements {}
+message include {}
+message include_once {}
+message instanceof {}
+message insteadof {}
+message interface {}
+message isset {}
+message list {}
+message namespace {}
+message new {}
+message or {}
+message print {}
+message private {}
+message protected {}
+message public {}
+message require {}
+message require_once {}
+message return {}
+message static {}
+message switch {}
+message throw {}
+message trait {}
+message try {}
+message unset {}
+message use {}
+message var {}
+message while {}
+message xor {}
+message int {}
+message float {}
+message bool {}
+message string {}
+message true {}
+message false {}
+message null {}
+message void {}
+message iterable {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_message_upper.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_message_upper.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2917fd11e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_reserved_message_upper.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package upper;
+
+message ABSTRACT {}
+message AND {}
+message ARRAY {}
+message AS {}
+message BREAK {}
+message CALLABLE {}
+message CASE {}
+message CATCH {}
+message CLASS {}
+message CLONE {}
+message CONST {}
+message CONTINUE {}
+message DECLARE {}
+message DEFAULT {}
+message DIE {}
+message DO {}
+message ECHO {}
+message ELSE {}
+message ELSEIF {}
+message EMPTY {}
+message ENDDECLARE {}
+message ENDFOR {}
+message ENDFOREACH {}
+message ENDIF {}
+message ENDSWITCH {}
+message ENDWHILE {}
+message EVAL {}
+message EXIT {}
+message EXTENDS {}
+message FINAL {}
+message FOR {}
+message FOREACH {}
+message FUNCTION {}
+message GLOBAL {}
+message GOTO {}
+message IF {}
+message IMPLEMENTS {}
+message INCLUDE {}
+message INCLUDE_ONCE {}
+message INSTANCEOF {}
+message INSTEADOF {}
+message INTERFACE {}
+message ISSET {}
+message LIST {}
+message NAMESPACE {}
+message NEW {}
+message OR {}
+message PRINT {}
+message PRIVATE {}
+message PROTECTED {}
+message PUBLIC {}
+message REQUIRE {}
+message REQUIRE_ONCE {}
+message RETURN {}
+message STATIC {}
+message SWITCH {}
+message THROW {}
+message TRAIT {}
+message TRY {}
+message UNSET {}
+message USE {}
+message VAR {}
+message WHILE {}
+message XOR {}
+message INT {}
+message FLOAT {}
+message BOOL {}
+message STRING {}
+message TRUE {}
+message FALSE {}
+message NULL {}
+message VOID {}
+message ITERABLE {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_service.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_service.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a03dbc46d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_service.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package foo;
+
+option php_generic_services = true;
+
+service Greeter {
+  rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
+  rpc SayHelloAgain (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
+}
+
+message HelloRequest {
+  string name = 1;
+}
+
+message HelloReply {
+  string message = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_service_namespace.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_service_namespace.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..719aa484e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_service_namespace.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+import "proto/test_service.proto";
+
+package foo;
+
+option php_generic_services = true;
+option php_namespace = "Bar";
+
+service OtherGreeter {
+  rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
+  rpc SayHelloAgain (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_wrapper_type_setters.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_wrapper_type_setters.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41ca7f3f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/proto/test_wrapper_type_setters.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+package foo;
+
+message TestWrapperSetters {
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_value = 1;
+  google.protobuf.FloatValue float_value = 2;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_value = 3;
+  google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64_value = 4;
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value int32_value = 5;
+  google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32_value = 6;
+  google.protobuf.BoolValue bool_value = 7;
+  google.protobuf.StringValue string_value = 8;
+  google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes_value = 9;
+
+  oneof wrapped_oneofs {
+    google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_value_oneof = 10;
+    google.protobuf.StringValue string_value_oneof = 11;
+  }
+
+  repeated google.protobuf.StringValue repeated_string_value = 12;
+
+  map<string, google.protobuf.StringValue> map_string_value = 13;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/test.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3c5e30d73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+VERSION=$1
+
+export PATH=/usr/local/php-$VERSION/bin:$PATH
+export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php:$C_INCLUDE_PATH
+export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-$VERSION/include/php:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+
+# Compile c extension
+/bin/bash ./compile_extension.sh $VERSION
+
+tests=( array_test.php encode_decode_test.php generated_class_test.php map_field_test.php well_known_test.php descriptors_test.php wrapper_type_setters_test.php)
+
+for t in "${tests[@]}"
+do
+  echo "****************************"
+  echo "* $t"
+  echo "****************************"
+  php -dextension=../ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so `which phpunit` --bootstrap autoload.php $t
+  echo ""
+done
+
+for t in "${tests[@]}"
+do
+  echo "****************************"
+  echo "* $t persistent"
+  echo "****************************"
+  php -d protobuf.keep_descriptor_pool_after_request=1 -dextension=../ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so `which phpunit` --bootstrap autoload.php $t
+  echo ""
+done
+
+# # Make sure to run the memory test in debug mode.
+# php -dextension=../ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so memory_leak_test.php
+
+export ZEND_DONT_UNLOAD_MODULES=1
+export USE_ZEND_ALLOC=0
+valgrind --leak-check=yes php -dextension=../ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so memory_leak_test.php
+valgrind --leak-check=yes php -d protobuf.keep_descriptor_pool_after_request=1 -dextension=../ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so memory_leak_test.php
+
+# TODO(teboring): Only for debug (phpunit has memory leak which blocks this beging used by
+# regresssion test.)
+
+# for t in "${tests[@]}"
+# do
+#   echo "****************************"
+#   echo "* $t (memory leak)"
+#   echo "****************************"
+#   valgrind --leak-check=yes php -dextension=../ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so `which phpunit` --bootstrap autoload.php $t
+#   echo ""
+# done
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/test_base.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/test_base.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4d951bdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/test_base.php
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+<?php
+
+use Foo\TestMessage;
+use Foo\TestEnum;
+use Foo\TestMessage\Sub;
+
+class TestBase extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
+{
+
+    public function setFields(TestMessage $m)
+    {
+        TestUtil::setTestMessage($m);
+    }
+
+    public function setFields2(TestMessage $m)
+    {
+        TestUtil::setTestMessage2($m);
+    }
+
+    public function expectFields(TestMessage $m)
+    {
+        $this->assertSame(-42,  $m->getOptionalInt32());
+        $this->assertSame(42,  $m->getOptionalUint32());
+        $this->assertSame(-44,  $m->getOptionalSint32());
+        $this->assertSame(46,   $m->getOptionalFixed32());
+        $this->assertSame(-46,  $m->getOptionalSfixed32());
+        $this->assertSame(1.5,  $m->getOptionalFloat());
+        $this->assertSame(1.6,  $m->getOptionalDouble());
+        $this->assertSame(true, $m->getOptionalBool());
+        $this->assertSame('a',  $m->getOptionalString());
+        $this->assertSame('bbbb',  $m->getOptionalBytes());
+        $this->assertSame(TestEnum::ONE, $m->getOptionalEnum());
+        $this->assertSame(33,   $m->getOptionalMessage()->getA());
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('-43',  $m->getOptionalInt64());
+            $this->assertSame('43',   $m->getOptionalUint64());
+            $this->assertSame('-45',  $m->getOptionalSint64());
+            $this->assertSame('47',   $m->getOptionalFixed64());
+            $this->assertSame('-47',  $m->getOptionalSfixed64());
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(-43,  $m->getOptionalInt64());
+            $this->assertSame(43,   $m->getOptionalUint64());
+            $this->assertSame(-45,  $m->getOptionalSint64());
+            $this->assertSame(47,   $m->getOptionalFixed64());
+            $this->assertSame(-47,  $m->getOptionalSfixed64());
+        }
+
+        $this->assertEquals(-42,  $m->getRepeatedInt32()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(42,   $m->getRepeatedUint32()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-43,  $m->getRepeatedInt64()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(43,   $m->getRepeatedUint64()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-44,  $m->getRepeatedSint32()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-45,  $m->getRepeatedSint64()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(46,   $m->getRepeatedFixed32()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(47,   $m->getRepeatedFixed64()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-46,  $m->getRepeatedSfixed32()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-47,  $m->getRepeatedSfixed64()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1.5,  $m->getRepeatedFloat()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1.6,  $m->getRepeatedDouble()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(true, $m->getRepeatedBool()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals('a',  $m->getRepeatedString()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals('bbbb',  $m->getRepeatedBytes()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(34,   $m->getRepeatedMessage()[0]->GetA());
+
+        $this->assertEquals(-52,   $m->getRepeatedInt32()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(52,    $m->getRepeatedUint32()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-53,   $m->getRepeatedInt64()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(53,    $m->getRepeatedUint64()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-54,   $m->getRepeatedSint32()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-55,   $m->getRepeatedSint64()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(56,    $m->getRepeatedFixed32()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(57,    $m->getRepeatedFixed64()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-56,   $m->getRepeatedSfixed32()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-57,   $m->getRepeatedSfixed64()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(2.5,   $m->getRepeatedFloat()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(2.6,   $m->getRepeatedDouble()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(false, $m->getRepeatedBool()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals('c',   $m->getRepeatedString()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals('dddd',   $m->getRepeatedBytes()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(35,    $m->getRepeatedMessage()[1]->GetA());
+
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertEquals('-63', $m->getMapInt64Int64()['-63']);
+            $this->assertEquals('63',  $m->getMapUint64Uint64()['63']);
+            $this->assertEquals('-65', $m->getMapSint64Sint64()['-65']);
+            $this->assertEquals('67',  $m->getMapFixed64Fixed64()['67']);
+            $this->assertEquals('-69',  $m->getMapSfixed64Sfixed64()['-69']);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertEquals(-63, $m->getMapInt64Int64()[-63]);
+            $this->assertEquals(63,  $m->getMapUint64Uint64()[63]);
+            $this->assertEquals(-65, $m->getMapSint64Sint64()[-65]);
+            $this->assertEquals(67,  $m->getMapFixed64Fixed64()[67]);
+            $this->assertEquals(-69,  $m->getMapSfixed64Sfixed64()[-69]);
+        }
+        $this->assertEquals(-62, $m->getMapInt32Int32()[-62]);
+        $this->assertEquals(62,  $m->getMapUint32Uint32()[62]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-64, $m->getMapSint32Sint32()[-64]);
+        $this->assertEquals(66,  $m->getMapFixed32Fixed32()[66]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-68,  $m->getMapSfixed32Sfixed32()[-68]);
+        $this->assertEquals(3.5, $m->getMapInt32Float()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(3.6, $m->getMapInt32Double()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(true , $m->getMapBoolBool()[true]);
+        $this->assertEquals('e', $m->getMapStringString()['e']);
+        $this->assertEquals('ffff', $m->getMapInt32Bytes()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(TestEnum::ONE, $m->getMapInt32Enum()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(36, $m->getMapInt32Message()[1]->GetA());
+    }
+
+    // Test message merged from setFields and setFields2.
+    public function expectFieldsMerged(TestMessage $m)
+    {
+        $this->assertSame(-144,  $m->getOptionalSint32());
+        $this->assertSame(146,   $m->getOptionalFixed32());
+        $this->assertSame(-146,  $m->getOptionalSfixed32());
+        $this->assertSame(11.5,  $m->getOptionalFloat());
+        $this->assertSame(11.6,  $m->getOptionalDouble());
+        $this->assertSame(true, $m->getOptionalBool());
+        $this->assertSame('aa',  $m->getOptionalString());
+        $this->assertSame('bb',  $m->getOptionalBytes());
+        $this->assertSame(133,   $m->getOptionalMessage()->getA());
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame('-143',  $m->getOptionalInt64());
+            $this->assertSame('143',   $m->getOptionalUint64());
+            $this->assertSame('-145',  $m->getOptionalSint64());
+            $this->assertSame('147',   $m->getOptionalFixed64());
+            $this->assertSame('-147',  $m->getOptionalSfixed64());
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(-143,  $m->getOptionalInt64());
+            $this->assertSame(143,   $m->getOptionalUint64());
+            $this->assertSame(-145,  $m->getOptionalSint64());
+            $this->assertSame(147,   $m->getOptionalFixed64());
+            $this->assertSame(-147,  $m->getOptionalSfixed64());
+        }
+
+        $this->assertEquals(-42,  $m->getRepeatedInt32()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(42,   $m->getRepeatedUint32()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-43,  $m->getRepeatedInt64()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(43,   $m->getRepeatedUint64()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-44,  $m->getRepeatedSint32()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-45,  $m->getRepeatedSint64()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(46,   $m->getRepeatedFixed32()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(47,   $m->getRepeatedFixed64()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-46,  $m->getRepeatedSfixed32()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-47,  $m->getRepeatedSfixed64()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1.5,  $m->getRepeatedFloat()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(1.6,  $m->getRepeatedDouble()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(true, $m->getRepeatedBool()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals('a',  $m->getRepeatedString()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals('bbbb',  $m->getRepeatedBytes()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(TestEnum::ZERO,  $m->getRepeatedEnum()[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(34,   $m->getRepeatedMessage()[0]->GetA());
+
+        $this->assertEquals(-52,   $m->getRepeatedInt32()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(52,    $m->getRepeatedUint32()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-53,   $m->getRepeatedInt64()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(53,    $m->getRepeatedUint64()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-54,   $m->getRepeatedSint32()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-55,   $m->getRepeatedSint64()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(56,    $m->getRepeatedFixed32()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(57,    $m->getRepeatedFixed64()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-56,   $m->getRepeatedSfixed32()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-57,   $m->getRepeatedSfixed64()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(2.5,   $m->getRepeatedFloat()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(2.6,   $m->getRepeatedDouble()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(false, $m->getRepeatedBool()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals('c',   $m->getRepeatedString()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals('dddd',   $m->getRepeatedBytes()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(TestEnum::ONE,  $m->getRepeatedEnum()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(35,    $m->getRepeatedMessage()[1]->GetA());
+
+        $this->assertEquals(-142,  $m->getRepeatedInt32()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(142,   $m->getRepeatedUint32()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-143,  $m->getRepeatedInt64()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(143,   $m->getRepeatedUint64()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-144,  $m->getRepeatedSint32()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-145,  $m->getRepeatedSint64()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(146,   $m->getRepeatedFixed32()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(147,   $m->getRepeatedFixed64()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-146,  $m->getRepeatedSfixed32()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-147,  $m->getRepeatedSfixed64()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(11.5,  $m->getRepeatedFloat()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(11.6,  $m->getRepeatedDouble()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(false, $m->getRepeatedBool()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals('aa',  $m->getRepeatedString()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals('bb',  $m->getRepeatedBytes()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(TestEnum::TWO,  $m->getRepeatedEnum()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(134,   $m->getRepeatedMessage()[2]->GetA());
+
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertEquals('-163', $m->getMapInt64Int64()['-63']);
+            $this->assertEquals('163',  $m->getMapUint64Uint64()['63']);
+            $this->assertEquals('-165', $m->getMapSint64Sint64()['-65']);
+            $this->assertEquals('167',  $m->getMapFixed64Fixed64()['67']);
+            $this->assertEquals('-169',  $m->getMapSfixed64Sfixed64()['-69']);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertEquals(-163, $m->getMapInt64Int64()[-63]);
+            $this->assertEquals(163,  $m->getMapUint64Uint64()[63]);
+            $this->assertEquals(-165, $m->getMapSint64Sint64()[-65]);
+            $this->assertEquals(167,  $m->getMapFixed64Fixed64()[67]);
+            $this->assertEquals(-169,  $m->getMapSfixed64Sfixed64()[-69]);
+        }
+        $this->assertEquals(-162, $m->getMapInt32Int32()[-62]);
+        $this->assertEquals(162,  $m->getMapUint32Uint32()[62]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-164, $m->getMapSint32Sint32()[-64]);
+        $this->assertEquals(166,  $m->getMapFixed32Fixed32()[66]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-168,  $m->getMapSfixed32Sfixed32()[-68]);
+        $this->assertEquals(13.5, $m->getMapInt32Float()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(13.6, $m->getMapInt32Double()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(false , $m->getMapBoolBool()[true]);
+        $this->assertEquals('ee', $m->getMapStringString()['e']);
+        $this->assertEquals('ff', $m->getMapInt32Bytes()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(TestEnum::TWO, $m->getMapInt32Enum()[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals(136, $m->getMapInt32Message()[1]->GetA());
+
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertEquals('-163', $m->getMapInt64Int64()['-163']);
+            $this->assertEquals('163',  $m->getMapUint64Uint64()['163']);
+            $this->assertEquals('-165', $m->getMapSint64Sint64()['-165']);
+            $this->assertEquals('167',  $m->getMapFixed64Fixed64()['167']);
+            $this->assertEquals('-169',  $m->getMapSfixed64Sfixed64()['-169']);
+        } else {
+            $this->assertEquals(-163, $m->getMapInt64Int64()[-163]);
+            $this->assertEquals(163,  $m->getMapUint64Uint64()[163]);
+            $this->assertEquals(-165, $m->getMapSint64Sint64()[-165]);
+            $this->assertEquals(167,  $m->getMapFixed64Fixed64()[167]);
+            $this->assertEquals(-169,  $m->getMapSfixed64Sfixed64()[-169]);
+        }
+        $this->assertEquals(-162, $m->getMapInt32Int32()[-162]);
+        $this->assertEquals(162,  $m->getMapUint32Uint32()[162]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-164, $m->getMapSint32Sint32()[-164]);
+        $this->assertEquals(166,  $m->getMapFixed32Fixed32()[166]);
+        $this->assertEquals(-168,  $m->getMapSfixed32Sfixed32()[-168]);
+        $this->assertEquals(13.5, $m->getMapInt32Float()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(13.6, $m->getMapInt32Double()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(false , $m->getMapBoolBool()[false]);
+        $this->assertEquals('ee', $m->getMapStringString()['ee']);
+        $this->assertEquals('ff', $m->getMapInt32Bytes()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(TestEnum::TWO, $m->getMapInt32Enum()[2]);
+        $this->assertEquals(136, $m->getMapInt32Message()[2]->GetA());
+    }
+
+    public function expectEmptyFields(TestMessage $m)
+    {
+        $this->assertSame(0,   $m->getOptionalInt32());
+        $this->assertSame(0,   $m->getOptionalUint32());
+        $this->assertSame(0,   $m->getOptionalSint32());
+        $this->assertSame(0,   $m->getOptionalFixed32());
+        $this->assertSame(0,   $m->getOptionalSfixed32());
+        $this->assertSame(0.0, $m->getOptionalFloat());
+        $this->assertSame(0.0, $m->getOptionalDouble());
+        $this->assertSame(false, $m->getOptionalBool());
+        $this->assertSame('',  $m->getOptionalString());
+        $this->assertSame('',  $m->getOptionalBytes());
+        $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOptionalEnum());
+        $this->assertNull($m->getOptionalMessage());
+        $this->assertNull($m->getOptionalIncludedMessage());
+        $this->assertNull($m->getRecursive());
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame("0", $m->getOptionalInt64());
+            $this->assertSame("0", $m->getOptionalUint64());
+            $this->assertSame("0", $m->getOptionalSint64());
+            $this->assertSame("0", $m->getOptionalFixed64());
+            $this->assertSame("0", $m->getOptionalSfixed64());
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOptionalInt64());
+            $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOptionalUint64());
+            $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOptionalSint64());
+            $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOptionalFixed64());
+            $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOptionalSfixed64());
+        }
+
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedInt32()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedUint32()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedInt64()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedUint64()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedSint32()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedSint64()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedFixed32()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedFixed64()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedSfixed32()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedSfixed64()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedFloat()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedDouble()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedBool()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedString()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedBytes()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedEnum()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedMessage()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getRepeatedRecursive()));
+
+        $this->assertSame("", $m->getMyOneof());
+        $this->assertSame(0,   $m->getOneofInt32());
+        $this->assertSame(0,   $m->getOneofUint32());
+        $this->assertSame(0,   $m->getOneofSint32());
+        $this->assertSame(0,   $m->getOneofFixed32());
+        $this->assertSame(0,   $m->getOneofSfixed32());
+        $this->assertSame(0.0, $m->getOneofFloat());
+        $this->assertSame(0.0, $m->getOneofDouble());
+        $this->assertSame(false, $m->getOneofBool());
+        $this->assertSame('',  $m->getOneofString());
+        $this->assertSame('',  $m->getOneofBytes());
+        $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOneofEnum());
+        $this->assertNull($m->getOptionalMessage());
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            $this->assertSame("0", $m->getOneofInt64());
+            $this->assertSame("0", $m->getOneofUint64());
+            $this->assertSame("0", $m->getOneofSint64());
+            $this->assertSame("0", $m->getOneofFixed64());
+            $this->assertSame("0", $m->getOneofSfixed64());
+        } else {
+            $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOneofInt64());
+            $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOneofUint64());
+            $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOneofSint64());
+            $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOneofFixed64());
+            $this->assertSame(0, $m->getOneofSfixed64());
+        }
+
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapInt64Int64()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapUint64Uint64()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapSint64Sint64()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapFixed64Fixed64()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapInt32Int32()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapUint32Uint32()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapSint32Sint32()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapFixed32Fixed32()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapSfixed32Sfixed32()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapSfixed64Sfixed64()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapInt32Float()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapInt32Double()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapBoolBool()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapStringString()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapInt32Bytes()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapInt32Enum()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapInt32Message()));
+        $this->assertEquals(0, count($m->getMapRecursive()));
+    }
+
+  // This test is to avoid the warning of no test by php unit.
+  public function testNone()
+  {
+      $this->assertTrue(true);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/test_util.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/test_util.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c5b59541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/test_util.php
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+<?php
+
+use Foo\TestEnum;
+use Foo\TestMessage;
+use Foo\TestMessage\Sub;
+use Foo\TestPackedMessage;
+use Foo\TestUnpackedMessage;
+
+define('MAX_FLOAT_DIFF', 0.000001);
+
+if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 8) {
+    define('MAX_INT_STRING', '9223372036854775807');
+    define('MAX_INT_UPPER_STRING', '9223372036854775808');
+} else {
+    define('MAX_INT_STRING', '2147483647');
+    define('MAX_INT_UPPER_STRING', '2147483648');
+}
+
+define('MAX_INT32', 2147483647);
+define('MAX_INT32_FLOAT', 2147483647.0);
+define('MAX_INT32_STRING', '2147483647');
+
+define('MIN_INT32', (int)-2147483648);
+define('MIN_INT32_FLOAT', -2147483648.0);
+define('MIN_INT32_STRING', '-2147483648');
+
+define('MAX_UINT32', 4294967295);
+define('MAX_UINT32_FLOAT', 4294967295.0);
+define('MAX_UINT32_STRING', '4294967295');
+
+define('MIN_UINT32', (int)-2147483648);
+define('MIN_UINT32_FLOAT', -2147483648.0);
+define('MIN_UINT32_STRING', '-2147483648');
+
+define('MAX_INT64_STRING',  '9223372036854775807');
+define('MIN_INT64_STRING',  '-9223372036854775808');
+define('MAX_UINT64_STRING', '-9223372036854775808');
+
+if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 8) {
+    define('MAX_INT64',  (int)9223372036854775807);
+    define('MIN_INT64',  (int)-9223372036854775808);
+    define('MAX_UINT64', (int)-9223372036854775808);
+} else {
+    define('MAX_INT64', MAX_INT64_STRING);
+    define('MIN_INT64', MIN_INT64_STRING);
+    define('MAX_UINT64', MAX_UINT64_STRING);
+}
+
+class TestUtil
+{
+
+    public static function setTestMessage(TestMessage $m)
+    {
+        $m->setOptionalInt32(-42);
+        $m->setOptionalInt64(-43);
+        $m->setOptionalUint32(42);
+        $m->setOptionalUint64(43);
+        $m->setOptionalSint32(-44);
+        $m->setOptionalSint64(-45);
+        $m->setOptionalFixed32(46);
+        $m->setOptionalFixed64(47);
+        $m->setOptionalSfixed32(-46);
+        $m->setOptionalSfixed64(-47);
+        $m->setOptionalFloat(1.5);
+        $m->setOptionalDouble(1.6);
+        $m->setOptionalBool(true);
+        $m->setOptionalString('a');
+        $m->setOptionalBytes('bbbb');
+        $m->setOptionalEnum(TestEnum::ONE);
+        $sub = new Sub();
+        $m->setOptionalMessage($sub);
+        $m->getOptionalMessage()->SetA(33);
+
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedInt32',    -42);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedInt64',    -43);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedUint32',    42);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedUint64',    43);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSint32',   -44);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSint64',   -45);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFixed32',   46);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFixed64',   47);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSfixed32', -46);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSfixed64', -47);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFloat',    1.5);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedDouble',   1.6);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedBool',     true);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedString',   'a');
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedBytes',    'bbbb');
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedEnum',     TestEnum::ZERO);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedMessage',  new Sub());
+        $m->getRepeatedMessage()[0]->setA(34);
+
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedInt32',    -52);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedInt64',    -53);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedUint32',    52);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedUint64',    53);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSint32',   -54);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSint64',   -55);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFixed32',   56);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFixed64',   57);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSfixed32', -56);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSfixed64', -57);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFloat',    2.5);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedDouble',   2.6);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedBool',     false);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedString',   'c');
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedBytes',    'dddd');
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedEnum',     TestEnum::ONE);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedMessage',  new Sub());
+        $m->getRepeatedMessage()[1]->SetA(35);
+
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Int32', -62, -62);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt64Int64', -63, -63);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapUint32Uint32', 62, 62);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapUint64Uint64', 63, 63);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapSint32Sint32', -64, -64);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapSint64Sint64', -65, -65);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapFixed32Fixed32', 66, 66);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapFixed64Fixed64', 67, 67);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapSfixed32Sfixed32', -68, -68);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapSfixed64Sfixed64', -69, -69);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Float', 1, 3.5);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Double', 1, 3.6);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapBoolBool', true, true);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapStringString', 'e', 'e');
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Bytes', 1, 'ffff');
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Enum', 1, TestEnum::ONE);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Message', 1, new Sub());
+        $m->getMapInt32Message()[1]->SetA(36);
+    }
+
+    public static function setTestMessage2(TestMessage $m)
+    {
+        $sub = new Sub();
+
+        $m->setOptionalInt32(-142);
+        $m->setOptionalInt64(-143);
+        $m->setOptionalUint32(142);
+        $m->setOptionalUint64(143);
+        $m->setOptionalSint32(-144);
+        $m->setOptionalSint64(-145);
+        $m->setOptionalFixed32(146);
+        $m->setOptionalFixed64(147);
+        $m->setOptionalSfixed32(-146);
+        $m->setOptionalSfixed64(-147);
+        $m->setOptionalFloat(11.5);
+        $m->setOptionalDouble(11.6);
+        $m->setOptionalBool(true);
+        $m->setOptionalString('aa');
+        $m->setOptionalBytes('bb');
+        $m->setOptionalEnum(TestEnum::TWO);
+        $m->setOptionalMessage($sub);
+        $m->getOptionalMessage()->SetA(133);
+
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedInt32',    -142);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedInt64',    -143);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedUint32',    142);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedUint64',    143);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSint32',   -144);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSint64',   -145);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFixed32',   146);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFixed64',   147);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSfixed32', -146);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSfixed64', -147);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFloat',    11.5);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedDouble',   11.6);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedBool',     false);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedString',   'aa');
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedBytes',    'bb');
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedEnum',     TestEnum::TWO);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedMessage',  new Sub());
+        $m->getRepeatedMessage()[0]->setA(134);
+
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Int32', -62, -162);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt64Int64', -63, -163);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapUint32Uint32', 62, 162);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapUint64Uint64', 63, 163);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapSint32Sint32', -64, -164);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapSint64Sint64', -65, -165);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapFixed32Fixed32', 66, 166);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapFixed64Fixed64', 67, 167);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapSfixed32Sfixed32', -68, -168);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapSfixed64Sfixed64', -69, -169);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Float', 1, 13.5);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Double', 1, 13.6);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapBoolBool', true, false);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapStringString', 'e', 'ee');
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Bytes', 1, 'ff');
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Enum', 1, TestEnum::TWO);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Message', 1, new Sub());
+        $m->getMapInt32Message()[1]->SetA(136);
+
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Int32', -162, -162);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt64Int64', -163, -163);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapUint32Uint32', 162, 162);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapUint64Uint64', 163, 163);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapSint32Sint32', -164, -164);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapSint64Sint64', -165, -165);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapFixed32Fixed32', 166, 166);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapFixed64Fixed64', 167, 167);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapSfixed32Sfixed32', -168, -168);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapSfixed64Sfixed64', -169, -169);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Float', 2, 13.5);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Double', 2, 13.6);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapBoolBool', false, false);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapStringString', 'ee', 'ee');
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Bytes', 2, 'ff');
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Enum', 2, TestEnum::TWO);
+        self::kvUpdateHelper($m, 'MapInt32Message', 2, new Sub());
+        $m->getMapInt32Message()[2]->SetA(136);
+    }
+
+    public static function assertTestMessage(TestMessage $m)
+    {
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            assert('-43' === $m->getOptionalInt64());
+            assert('43'  === $m->getOptionalUint64());
+            assert('-45' === $m->getOptionalSint64());
+            assert('47'  === $m->getOptionalFixed64());
+            assert('-47' === $m->getOptionalSfixed64());
+        } else {
+            assert(-43 === $m->getOptionalInt64());
+            assert(43  === $m->getOptionalUint64());
+            assert(-45 === $m->getOptionalSint64());
+            assert(47  === $m->getOptionalFixed64());
+            assert(-47 === $m->getOptionalSfixed64());
+        }
+        assert(-42 === $m->getOptionalInt32());
+        assert(42  === $m->getOptionalUint32());
+        assert(-44 === $m->getOptionalSint32());
+        assert(46  === $m->getOptionalFixed32());
+        assert(-46 === $m->getOptionalSfixed32());
+        assert(1.5 === $m->getOptionalFloat());
+        assert(1.6 === $m->getOptionalDouble());
+        assert(true=== $m->getOptionalBool());
+        assert('a' === $m->getOptionalString());
+        assert('bbbb' === $m->getOptionalBytes());
+        assert(TestEnum::ONE === $m->getOptionalEnum());
+        assert(33  === $m->getOptionalMessage()->getA());
+
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            assert('-43' === $m->getRepeatedInt64()[0]);
+            assert('43'  === $m->getRepeatedUint64()[0]);
+            assert('-45' === $m->getRepeatedSint64()[0]);
+            assert('47'  === $m->getRepeatedFixed64()[0]);
+            assert('-47' === $m->getRepeatedSfixed64()[0]);
+        } else {
+            assert(-43 === $m->getRepeatedInt64()[0]);
+            assert(43  === $m->getRepeatedUint64()[0]);
+            assert(-45 === $m->getRepeatedSint64()[0]);
+            assert(47  === $m->getRepeatedFixed64()[0]);
+            assert(-47 === $m->getRepeatedSfixed64()[0]);
+        }
+        assert(-42 === $m->getRepeatedInt32()[0]);
+        assert(42  === $m->getRepeatedUint32()[0]);
+        assert(-44 === $m->getRepeatedSint32()[0]);
+        assert(46  === $m->getRepeatedFixed32()[0]);
+        assert(-46 === $m->getRepeatedSfixed32()[0]);
+        assert(1.5 === $m->getRepeatedFloat()[0]);
+        assert(1.6 === $m->getRepeatedDouble()[0]);
+        assert(true=== $m->getRepeatedBool()[0]);
+        assert('a' === $m->getRepeatedString()[0]);
+        assert('bbbb' === $m->getRepeatedBytes()[0]);
+        assert(TestEnum::ZERO === $m->getRepeatedEnum()[0]);
+        assert(34  === $m->getRepeatedMessage()[0]->getA());
+
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            assert('-53' === $m->getRepeatedInt64()[1]);
+            assert('53'  === $m->getRepeatedUint64()[1]);
+            assert('-55' === $m->getRepeatedSint64()[1]);
+            assert('57'  === $m->getRepeatedFixed64()[1]);
+            assert('-57' === $m->getRepeatedSfixed64()[1]);
+        } else {
+            assert(-53 === $m->getRepeatedInt64()[1]);
+            assert(53  === $m->getRepeatedUint64()[1]);
+            assert(-55 === $m->getRepeatedSint64()[1]);
+            assert(57  === $m->getRepeatedFixed64()[1]);
+            assert(-57 === $m->getRepeatedSfixed64()[1]);
+        }
+        assert(-52 === $m->getRepeatedInt32()[1]);
+        assert(52  === $m->getRepeatedUint32()[1]);
+        assert(-54 === $m->getRepeatedSint32()[1]);
+        assert(56  === $m->getRepeatedFixed32()[1]);
+        assert(-56 === $m->getRepeatedSfixed32()[1]);
+        assert(2.5 === $m->getRepeatedFloat()[1]);
+        assert(2.6 === $m->getRepeatedDouble()[1]);
+        assert(false === $m->getRepeatedBool()[1]);
+        assert('c' === $m->getRepeatedString()[1]);
+        assert('dddd' === $m->getRepeatedBytes()[1]);
+        assert(TestEnum::ONE === $m->getRepeatedEnum()[1]);
+        assert(35  === $m->getRepeatedMessage()[1]->getA());
+
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            assert('-63' === $m->getMapInt64Int64()['-63']);
+            assert('63'  === $m->getMapUint64Uint64()['63']);
+            assert('-65' === $m->getMapSint64Sint64()['-65']);
+            assert('67'  === $m->getMapFixed64Fixed64()['67']);
+            assert('-69'  === $m->getMapSfixed64Sfixed64()['-69']);
+        } else {
+            assert(-63 === $m->getMapInt64Int64()[-63]);
+            assert(63  === $m->getMapUint64Uint64()[63]);
+            assert(-65 === $m->getMapSint64Sint64()[-65]);
+            assert(67  === $m->getMapFixed64Fixed64()[67]);
+            assert(-69  === $m->getMapSfixed64Sfixed64()[-69]);
+        }
+        assert(-62 === $m->getMapInt32Int32()[-62]);
+        assert(62  === $m->getMapUint32Uint32()[62]);
+        assert(-64 === $m->getMapSint32Sint32()[-64]);
+        assert(66  === $m->getMapFixed32Fixed32()[66]);
+        assert(-68  === $m->getMapSfixed32Sfixed32()[-68]);
+        assert(3.5 === $m->getMapInt32Float()[1]);
+        assert(3.6 === $m->getMapInt32Double()[1]);
+        assert(true === $m->getMapBoolBool()[true]);
+        assert('e' === $m->getMapStringString()['e']);
+        assert('ffff' === $m->getMapInt32Bytes()[1]);
+        assert(TestEnum::ONE === $m->getMapInt32Enum()[1]);
+        assert(36  === $m->getMapInt32Message()[1]->GetA());
+    }
+
+    public static function getGoldenTestMessage()
+    {
+        return hex2bin(
+            "08D6FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01" .
+            "10D5FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01" .
+            "182A" .
+            "202B" .
+            "2857" .
+            "3059" .
+            "3D2E000000" .
+            "412F00000000000000" .
+            "4DD2FFFFFF" .
+            "51D1FFFFFFFFFFFFFF" .
+            "5D0000C03F" .
+            "619A9999999999F93F" .
+            "6801" .
+            "720161" .
+            "7A0462626262" .
+            "800101" .
+            "8A01020821" .
+
+            "F801D6FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01" .
+            "F801CCFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01" .
+            "8002D5FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01" .
+            "8002CBFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01" .
+            "88022A" .
+            "880234" .
+            "90022B" .
+            "900235" .
+            "980257" .
+            "98026B" .
+            "A00259" .
+            "A0026D" .
+            "AD022E000000" .
+            "AD0238000000" .
+            "B1022F00000000000000" .
+            "B1023900000000000000" .
+            "BD02D2FFFFFF" .
+            "BD02C8FFFFFF" .
+            "C102D1FFFFFFFFFFFFFF" .
+            "C102C7FFFFFFFFFFFFFF" .
+            "CD020000C03F" .
+            "CD0200002040" .
+            "D1029A9999999999F93F" .
+            "D102CDCCCCCCCCCC0440" .
+            "D80201" .
+            "D80200" .
+            "E2020161" .
+            "E2020163" .
+            "EA020462626262" .
+            "EA020464646464" .
+            "F00200" .
+            "F00201" .
+            "FA02020822" .
+            "FA02020823" .
+
+            "BA041608C2FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF0110C2FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01" .
+            "C2041608C1FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF0110C1FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01" .
+            "CA0404083E103E" .
+            "D20404083F103F" .
+            "DA0404087f107F" .
+            "E20406088101108101" .
+            "EA040A0D420000001542000000" .
+            "F20412094300000000000000114300000000000000" .
+            "FA040A0DBCFFFFFF15BCFFFFFF" .
+            "82051209BBFFFFFFFFFFFFFF11BBFFFFFFFFFFFFFF" .
+            "8A050708011500006040" .
+            "92050B080111CDCCCCCCCCCC0C40" .
+            "9A050408011001" .
+            "A205060a0165120165" .
+            "AA05080801120466666666" .
+            "B2050408011001" .
+            "Ba0506080112020824"
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static function setTestPackedMessage($m)
+    {
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedInt32', -42);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedInt32', -52);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedInt64', -43);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedInt64', -53);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedUint32', 42);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedUint32', 52);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedUint64', 43);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedUint64', 53);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSint32', -44);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSint32', -54);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSint64', -45);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSint64', -55);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFixed32', 46);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFixed32', 56);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFixed64', 47);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFixed64', 57);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSfixed32', -46);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSfixed32', -56);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSfixed64', -47);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedSfixed64', -57);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFloat', 1.5);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedFloat', 2.5);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedDouble', 1.6);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedDouble', 2.6);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedBool', true);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedBool', false);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedEnum', TestEnum::ONE);
+        self::appendHelper($m, 'RepeatedEnum', TestEnum::ZERO);
+    }
+
+    public static function assertTestPackedMessage($m)
+    {
+        assert(2 === count($m->getRepeatedInt32()));
+        assert(2 === count($m->getRepeatedInt64()));
+        assert(2 === count($m->getRepeatedUint32()));
+        assert(2 === count($m->getRepeatedUint64()));
+        assert(2 === count($m->getRepeatedSint32()));
+        assert(2 === count($m->getRepeatedSint64()));
+        assert(2 === count($m->getRepeatedFixed32()));
+        assert(2 === count($m->getRepeatedFixed64()));
+        assert(2 === count($m->getRepeatedSfixed32()));
+        assert(2 === count($m->getRepeatedSfixed64()));
+        assert(2 === count($m->getRepeatedFloat()));
+        assert(2 === count($m->getRepeatedDouble()));
+        assert(2 === count($m->getRepeatedBool()));
+        assert(2 === count($m->getRepeatedEnum()));
+
+        assert(-42 === $m->getRepeatedInt32()[0]);
+        assert(-52 === $m->getRepeatedInt32()[1]);
+        assert(42  === $m->getRepeatedUint32()[0]);
+        assert(52  === $m->getRepeatedUint32()[1]);
+        assert(-44 === $m->getRepeatedSint32()[0]);
+        assert(-54 === $m->getRepeatedSint32()[1]);
+        assert(46  === $m->getRepeatedFixed32()[0]);
+        assert(56  === $m->getRepeatedFixed32()[1]);
+        assert(-46 === $m->getRepeatedSfixed32()[0]);
+        assert(-56 === $m->getRepeatedSfixed32()[1]);
+        assert(1.5 === $m->getRepeatedFloat()[0]);
+        assert(2.5 === $m->getRepeatedFloat()[1]);
+        assert(1.6 === $m->getRepeatedDouble()[0]);
+        assert(2.6 === $m->getRepeatedDouble()[1]);
+        assert(true  === $m->getRepeatedBool()[0]);
+        assert(false === $m->getRepeatedBool()[1]);
+        assert(TestEnum::ONE  === $m->getRepeatedEnum()[0]);
+        assert(TestEnum::ZERO === $m->getRepeatedEnum()[1]);
+        if (PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) {
+            assert('-43' === $m->getRepeatedInt64()[0]);
+            assert('-53' === $m->getRepeatedInt64()[1]);
+            assert('43'  === $m->getRepeatedUint64()[0]);
+            assert('53'  === $m->getRepeatedUint64()[1]);
+            assert('-45' === $m->getRepeatedSint64()[0]);
+            assert('-55' === $m->getRepeatedSint64()[1]);
+            assert('47'  === $m->getRepeatedFixed64()[0]);
+            assert('57'  === $m->getRepeatedFixed64()[1]);
+            assert('-47' === $m->getRepeatedSfixed64()[0]);
+            assert('-57' === $m->getRepeatedSfixed64()[1]);
+        } else {
+            assert(-43 === $m->getRepeatedInt64()[0]);
+            assert(-53 === $m->getRepeatedInt64()[1]);
+            assert(43  === $m->getRepeatedUint64()[0]);
+            assert(53  === $m->getRepeatedUint64()[1]);
+            assert(-45 === $m->getRepeatedSint64()[0]);
+            assert(-55 === $m->getRepeatedSint64()[1]);
+            assert(47  === $m->getRepeatedFixed64()[0]);
+            assert(57  === $m->getRepeatedFixed64()[1]);
+            assert(-47 === $m->getRepeatedSfixed64()[0]);
+            assert(-57 === $m->getRepeatedSfixed64()[1]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static function getGoldenTestPackedMessage()
+    {
+        return hex2bin(
+            "D20514D6FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01CCFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01" .
+            "DA0514D5FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01CBFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01" .
+            "E205022A34" .
+            "EA05022B35" .
+            "F20502576B" .
+            "FA0502596D" .
+            "8206082E00000038000000" .
+            "8A06102F000000000000003900000000000000" .
+            "920608D2FFFFFFC8FFFFFF" .
+            "9A0610D1FFFFFFFFFFFFFFC7FFFFFFFFFFFFFF" .
+            "A206080000C03F00002040" .
+            "AA06109A9999999999F93FCDCCCCCCCCCC0440" .
+            "B206020100" .
+            "BA06020100"
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static function getGoldenTestUnpackedMessage()
+    {
+        return hex2bin(
+            "D005D6FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01D005CCFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01" .
+            "D805D5FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01D805CBFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF01" .
+            "E0052AE00534" .
+            "E8052BE80535" .
+            "F00557F0056B" .
+            "F80559F8056D" .
+            "85062E000000850638000000" .
+            "89062F0000000000000089063900000000000000" .
+            "9506D2FFFFFF9506C8FFFFFF" .
+            "9906D1FFFFFFFFFFFFFF9906C7FFFFFFFFFFFFFF" .
+            "A5060000C03FA50600002040" .
+            "A9069A9999999999F93FA906CDCCCCCCCCCC0440" .
+            "B00601B00600" .
+            "B80601B80600"
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static function appendHelper($obj, $func_suffix, $value)
+    {
+        $getter_function = 'get'.$func_suffix;
+        $setter_function = 'set'.$func_suffix;
+
+        $arr = $obj->$getter_function();
+        $arr[] = $value;
+        $obj->$setter_function($arr);
+    }
+
+    private static function kvUpdateHelper($obj, $func_suffix, $key, $value)
+    {
+        $getter_function = 'get'.$func_suffix;
+        $setter_function = 'set'.$func_suffix;
+
+        $arr = $obj->$getter_function();
+        $arr[$key] = $value;
+        $obj->$setter_function($arr);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/undefined_test.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/undefined_test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..935d8be7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/undefined_test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,920 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once('test_util.php');
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Foo\TestMessage;
+use Foo\TestMessage\Sub;
+
+class UndefinedTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
+{
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt32AppendStringFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT32);
+        $arr[] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt32SetStringFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT32);
+        $arr[] = 0;
+        $arr[0] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt32AppendMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT32);
+        $arr[] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt32SetMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT32);
+        $arr[] = 0;
+        $arr[0] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint32AppendStringFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::UINT32);
+        $arr[] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint32SetStringFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::UINT32);
+        $arr[] = 0;
+        $arr[0] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint32AppendMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::UINT32);
+        $arr[] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint32SetMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::UINT32);
+        $arr[] = 0;
+        $arr[0] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt64AppendStringFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT64);
+        $arr[] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt64SetStringFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT64);
+        $arr[] = 0;
+        $arr[0] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt64AppendMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT64);
+        $arr[] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt64SetMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT64);
+        $arr[] = 0;
+        $arr[0] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint64AppendStringFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::UINT64);
+        $arr[] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint64SetStringFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::UINT64);
+        $arr[] = 0;
+        $arr[0] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint64AppendMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::UINT64);
+        $arr[] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint64SetMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::UINT64);
+        $arr[] = 0;
+        $arr[0] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testFloatAppendStringFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::FLOAT);
+        $arr[] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testFloatSetStringFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::FLOAT);
+        $arr[] = 0.0;
+        $arr[0] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testFloatAppendMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::FLOAT);
+        $arr[] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testFloatSetMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::FLOAT);
+        $arr[] = 0.0;
+        $arr[0] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testDoubleAppendStringFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::DOUBLE);
+        $arr[] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testDoubleSetStringFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::DOUBLE);
+        $arr[] = 0.0;
+        $arr[0] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testDoubleAppendMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::DOUBLE);
+        $arr[] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testDoubleSetMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::DOUBLE);
+        $arr[] = 0.0;
+        $arr[0] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testBoolAppendMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::BOOL);
+        $arr[] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testBoolSetMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::BOOL);
+        $arr[] = true;
+        $arr[0] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testStringAppendMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::STRING);
+        $arr[] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testStringSetMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::STRING);
+        $arr[] = 'abc';
+        $arr[0] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testStringAppendInvalidUTF8Fail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::STRING);
+        $hex = hex2bin("ff");
+        $arr[] = $hex;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testStringSetInvalidUTF8Fail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::STRING);
+        $arr[] = 'abc';
+        $hex = hex2bin("ff");
+        $arr[0] = $hex;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageAppendIntFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::MESSAGE, Sub::class);
+        $arr[] = 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageSetIntFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::MESSAGE, Sub::class);
+        $arr[] = new Sub;
+        $arr[0] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageAppendStringFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::MESSAGE, Sub::class);
+        $arr[] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageSetStringFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::MESSAGE, Sub::class);
+        $arr[] = new Sub;
+        $arr[0] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageAppendOtherMessageFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::MESSAGE, Sub::class);
+        $arr[] = new TestMessage;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageAppendNullFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::MESSAGE, Sub::class);
+        $null = null;
+        $arr[] = $null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageSetNullFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::MESSAGE, Sub::class);
+        $arr[] = new Sub();
+        $null = null;
+        $arr[0] = $null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testRemoveMiddleFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT32);
+
+        $arr[] = 0;
+        $arr[] = 1;
+        $arr[] = 2;
+        $this->assertSame(3, count($arr));
+
+        unset($arr[1]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testRemoveEmptyFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT32);
+
+        unset($arr[0]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageOffsetFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT32);
+        $arr[] = 0;
+        $arr[new Sub()] = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testStringOffsetFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT32);
+        $arr[] = 0;
+        $arr['abc'] = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testSetNonExistedOffsetFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new RepeatedField(GPBType::INT32);
+        $arr[0] = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt32FieldInvalidTypeFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalInt32(new TestMessage());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt32FieldInvalidStringFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalInt32('abc');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint32FieldInvalidTypeFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalUint32(new TestMessage());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint32FieldInvalidStringFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalUint32('abc');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt64FieldInvalidTypeFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalInt64(new TestMessage());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt64FieldInvalidStringFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalInt64('abc');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint64FieldInvalidTypeFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalUint64(new TestMessage());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint64FieldInvalidStringFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalUint64('abc');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testFloatFieldInvalidTypeFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalFloat(new TestMessage());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testFloatFieldInvalidStringFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalFloat('abc');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testDoubleFieldInvalidTypeFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalDouble(new TestMessage());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testDoubleFieldInvalidStringFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalDouble('abc');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testBoolFieldInvalidStringFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalBool(new TestMessage());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testStringFieldInvalidUTF8Fail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $hex = hex2bin("ff");
+        $m->setOptionalString($hex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageFieldWrongTypeFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $a = 1;
+        $m->setOptionalMessage($a);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageFieldWrongClassFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setOptionalMessage(new TestMessage());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testRepeatedFieldWrongTypeFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $a = 1;
+        $m->setRepeatedInt32($a);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testRepeatedFieldWrongObjectFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setRepeatedInt32($m);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testRepeatedFieldWrongRepeatedTypeFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        $repeated_int32 = new RepeatedField(GPBType::UINT32);
+        $m->setRepeatedInt32($repeated_int32);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testRepeatedFieldWrongRepeatedMessageClassFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        $repeated_message = new RepeatedField(GPBType::MESSAGE,
+                                              TestMessage::class);
+        $m->setRepeatedMessage($repeated_message);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMapFieldWrongTypeFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $a = 1;
+        $m->setMapInt32Int32($a);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMapFieldWrongObjectFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $m->setMapInt32Int32($m);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMapFieldWrongRepeatedTypeFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        $map_uint32_uint32 = new MapField(GPBType::UINT32, GPBType::UINT32);
+        $m->setMapInt32Int32($map_uint32_uint32);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMapFieldWrongRepeatedMessageClassFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+
+        $map_int32_message = new MapField(GPBType::INT32,
+                                          GPBType::MESSAGE,
+                                          TestMessage::class);
+        $m->setMapInt32Message($map_int32_message);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageMergeFromInvalidTypeFail()
+    {
+        $m = new TestMessage();
+        $n = new Sub();
+        $m->mergeFrom($n);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt32SetStringKeyFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT32, GPBType::INT32);
+        $arr['abc'] = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt32SetStringValueFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT32, GPBType::INT32);
+        $arr[0] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt32SetMessageKeyFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT32, GPBType::INT32);
+        $arr[new Sub()] = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt32SetMessageValueFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT32, GPBType::INT32);
+        $arr[0] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint32SetStringKeyFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::UINT32, GPBType::UINT32);
+        $arr['abc'] = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint32SetStringValueFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::UINT32, GPBType::UINT32);
+        $arr[0] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint32SetMessageKeyFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::UINT32, GPBType::UINT32);
+        $arr[new Sub()] = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint32SetMessageValueFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::UINT32, GPBType::UINT32);
+        $arr[0] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt64SetStringKeyFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT64, GPBType::INT64);
+        $arr['abc'] = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt64SetStringValueFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT64, GPBType::INT64);
+        $arr[0] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt64SetMessageKeyFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT64, GPBType::INT64);
+        $arr[new Sub()] = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testInt64SetMessageValueFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT64, GPBType::INT64);
+        $arr[0] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint64SetStringKeyFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::UINT64, GPBType::UINT64);
+        $arr['abc'] = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint64SetStringValueFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::UINT64, GPBType::UINT64);
+        $arr[0] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint64SetMessageKeyFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::UINT64, GPBType::UINT64);
+        $arr[new Sub()] = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testUint64SetMessageValueFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::UINT64, GPBType::UINT64);
+        $arr[0] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testDoubleSetStringValueFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT64, GPBType::DOUBLE);
+        $arr[0] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testDoubleSetMessageValueFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::INT64, GPBType::DOUBLE);
+        $arr[0] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testBoolSetMessageKeyFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::BOOL, GPBType::BOOL);
+        $arr[new Sub()] = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testBoolSetMessageValueFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::BOOL, GPBType::BOOL);
+        $arr[true] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testStringSetInvalidUTF8KeyFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::STRING, GPBType::STRING);
+        $arr[hex2bin("ff")] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testStringSetInvalidUTF8ValueFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::STRING, GPBType::STRING);
+        $arr['abc'] = hex2bin("ff");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testStringSetMessageKeyFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::STRING, GPBType::STRING);
+        $arr[new Sub()] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testStringSetMessageValueFail()
+    {
+        $arr = new MapField(GPBType::STRING, GPBType::STRING);
+        $arr['abc'] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageSetIntValueFail()
+    {
+       $arr =
+           new MapField(GPBType::INT32, GPBType::MESSAGE, TestMessage::class);
+       $arr[0] = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageSetStringValueFail()
+    {
+       $arr =
+           new MapField(GPBType::INT32, GPBType::MESSAGE, TestMessage::class);
+       $arr[0] = 'abc';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageSetOtherMessageValueFail()
+    {
+       $arr =
+           new MapField(GPBType::INT32, GPBType::MESSAGE, TestMessage::class);
+       $arr[0] = new Sub();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException PHPUnit_Framework_Error
+     */
+    public function testMessageSetNullFailMap()
+    {
+       $arr =
+           new MapField(GPBType::INT32, GPBType::MESSAGE, TestMessage::class);
+       $null = NULL;
+       $arr[0] = $null;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/well_known_test.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/well_known_test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a148fa4a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/well_known_test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once('test_base.php');
+require_once('test_util.php');
+
+use Foo\TestMessage;
+use Foo\TestImportDescriptorProto;
+use Google\Protobuf\Any;
+use Google\Protobuf\Api;
+use Google\Protobuf\BoolValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\BytesValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\DoubleValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\Duration;
+use Google\Protobuf\Enum;
+use Google\Protobuf\EnumValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\Field;
+use Google\Protobuf\FieldMask;
+use Google\Protobuf\Field\Cardinality;
+use Google\Protobuf\Field\Kind;
+use Google\Protobuf\FloatValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\GPBEmpty;
+use Google\Protobuf\Int32Value;
+use Google\Protobuf\Int64Value;
+use Google\Protobuf\ListValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\Method;
+use Google\Protobuf\Mixin;
+use Google\Protobuf\NullValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\Option;
+use Google\Protobuf\SourceContext;
+use Google\Protobuf\StringValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\Struct;
+use Google\Protobuf\Syntax;
+use Google\Protobuf\Timestamp;
+use Google\Protobuf\Type;
+use Google\Protobuf\UInt32Value;
+use Google\Protobuf\UInt64Value;
+use Google\Protobuf\Value;
+
+class NotMessage {}
+
+class WellKnownTest extends TestBase {
+
+    public function testEmpty()
+    {
+        $msg = new GPBEmpty();
+        $this->assertTrue($msg instanceof \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message);
+    }
+
+    public function testImportDescriptorProto()
+    {
+        $msg = new TestImportDescriptorProto();
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testAny()
+    {
+        // Create embed message
+        $embed = new TestMessage();
+        $this->setFields($embed);
+        $data = $embed->serializeToString();
+
+        // Set any via normal setter.
+        $any = new Any();
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            $any, $any->setTypeUrl("type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage"));
+        $this->assertSame("type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage",
+                          $any->getTypeUrl());
+
+        $this->assertSame($any, $any->setValue($data));
+        $this->assertSame($data, $any->getValue());
+
+        // Test unpack.
+        $msg = $any->unpack();
+        $this->assertTrue($msg instanceof TestMessage);
+        $this->expectFields($msg);
+
+        // Test pack.
+        $any = new Any();
+        $any->pack($embed);
+        $this->assertSame($data, $any->getValue());
+        $this->assertSame("type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage", $any->getTypeUrl());
+
+        // Test is.
+        $this->assertTrue($any->is(TestMessage::class));
+        $this->assertFalse($any->is(Any::class));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testAnyUnpackInvalidTypeUrl()
+    {
+        $any = new Any();
+        $any->setTypeUrl("invalid");
+        $any->unpack();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testAnyUnpackMessageNotAdded()
+    {
+        $any = new Any();
+        $any->setTypeUrl("type.googleapis.com/MessageNotAdded");
+        $any->unpack();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Exception
+     */
+    public function testAnyUnpackDecodeError()
+    {
+        $any = new Any();
+        $any->setTypeUrl("type.googleapis.com/foo.TestMessage");
+        $any->setValue("abc");
+        $any->unpack();
+    }
+
+    public function testApi()
+    {
+        $m = new Api();
+
+        $m->setName("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getName());
+
+        $m->setMethods([new Method()]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getMethods()));
+
+        $m->setOptions([new Option()]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getOptions()));
+
+        $m->setVersion("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getVersion());
+
+        $m->setSourceContext(new SourceContext());
+        $this->assertFalse(is_null($m->getSourceContext()));
+
+        $m->setMixins([new Mixin()]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getMixins()));
+
+        $m->setSyntax(Syntax::SYNTAX_PROTO2);
+        $this->assertSame(Syntax::SYNTAX_PROTO2, $m->getSyntax());
+
+        $m = new Method();
+
+        $m->setName("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getName());
+
+        $m->setRequestTypeUrl("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getRequestTypeUrl());
+
+        $m->setRequestStreaming(true);
+        $this->assertSame(true, $m->getRequestStreaming());
+
+        $m->setResponseTypeUrl("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getResponseTypeUrl());
+
+        $m->setResponseStreaming(true);
+        $this->assertSame(true, $m->getResponseStreaming());
+
+        $m->setOptions([new Option()]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getOptions()));
+
+        $m = new Mixin();
+
+        $m->setName("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getName());
+
+        $m->setRoot("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getRoot());
+    }
+
+    public function testEnum()
+    {
+        $m = new Enum();
+
+        $m->setName("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getName());
+
+        $m->setEnumvalue([new EnumValue()]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getEnumvalue()));
+
+        $m->setOptions([new Option()]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getOptions()));
+
+        $m->setSourceContext(new SourceContext());
+        $this->assertFalse(is_null($m->getSourceContext()));
+
+        $m->setSyntax(Syntax::SYNTAX_PROTO2);
+        $this->assertSame(Syntax::SYNTAX_PROTO2, $m->getSyntax());
+    }
+
+    public function testEnumValue()
+    {
+        $m = new EnumValue();
+
+        $m->setName("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getName());
+
+        $m->setNumber(1);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getNumber());
+
+        $m->setOptions([new Option()]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getOptions()));
+    }
+
+    public function testField()
+    {
+        $m = new Field();
+
+        $m->setKind(Kind::TYPE_DOUBLE);
+        $this->assertSame(Kind::TYPE_DOUBLE, $m->getKind());
+
+        $m->setCardinality(Cardinality::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL);
+        $this->assertSame(Cardinality::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, $m->getCardinality());
+
+        $m->setNumber(1);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getNumber());
+
+        $m->setName("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getName());
+
+        $m->setTypeUrl("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getTypeUrl());
+
+        $m->setOneofIndex(1);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getOneofIndex());
+
+        $m->setPacked(true);
+        $this->assertSame(true, $m->getPacked());
+
+        $m->setOptions([new Option()]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getOptions()));
+
+        $m->setJsonName("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getJsonName());
+
+        $m->setDefaultValue("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getDefaultValue());
+    }
+
+    public function testFieldMask()
+    {
+        $m = new FieldMask();
+        $m->setPaths(["a"]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getPaths()));
+    }
+
+    public function testOption()
+    {
+        $m = new Option();
+
+        $m->setName("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getName());
+
+        $m->setValue(new Any());
+        $this->assertFalse(is_null($m->getValue()));
+    }
+
+    public function testSourceContext()
+    {
+        $m = new SourceContext();
+        $m->setFileName("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getFileName());
+    }
+
+    public function testStruct()
+    {
+        $m = new ListValue();
+        $m->setValues([new Value()]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getValues()));
+
+        $m = new Value();
+
+        $m->setNullValue(NullValue::NULL_VALUE);
+        $this->assertSame(NullValue::NULL_VALUE, $m->getNullValue());
+        $this->assertSame("null_value", $m->getKind());
+
+        $m->setNumberValue(1.0);
+        $this->assertSame(1.0, $m->getNumberValue());
+        $this->assertSame("number_value", $m->getKind());
+
+        $m->setStringValue("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getStringValue());
+        $this->assertSame("string_value", $m->getKind());
+
+        $m->setBoolValue(true);
+        $this->assertSame(true, $m->getBoolValue());
+        $this->assertSame("bool_value", $m->getKind());
+
+        $m->setStructValue(new Struct());
+        $this->assertFalse(is_null($m->getStructValue()));
+        $this->assertSame("struct_value", $m->getKind());
+
+        $m->setListValue(new ListValue());
+        $this->assertFalse(is_null($m->getListValue()));
+        $this->assertSame("list_value", $m->getKind());
+
+        $m = new Struct();
+        $m->setFields(array("a"=>new Value()));
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getFields()));
+    }
+
+    public function testTimestamp()
+    {
+        $timestamp = new Timestamp();
+
+        $timestamp->setSeconds(1);
+        $timestamp->setNanos(2);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $timestamp->getSeconds());
+        $this->assertSame(2, $timestamp->getNanos());
+
+        date_default_timezone_set('UTC');
+        $from = new DateTime('2011-01-01T15:03:01.012345UTC');
+        $timestamp->fromDateTime($from);
+        $this->assertEquals($from->format('U'), $timestamp->getSeconds());
+        $this->assertEquals(1000 * $from->format('u'), $timestamp->getNanos());
+
+        $to = $timestamp->toDateTime();
+        $this->assertSame(\DateTime::class, get_class($to));
+        $this->assertSame($from->format('U'), $to->format('U'));
+        $this->assertSame($from->format('u'), $to->format('u'));
+    }
+
+    public function testType()
+    {
+        $m = new Type();
+
+        $m->setName("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getName());
+
+        $m->setFields([new Field()]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getFields()));
+
+        $m->setOneofs(["a"]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getOneofs()));
+
+        $m->setOptions([new Option()]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, count($m->getOptions()));
+
+        $m->setSourceContext(new SourceContext());
+        $this->assertFalse(is_null($m->getSourceContext()));
+
+        $m->setSyntax(Syntax::SYNTAX_PROTO2);
+        $this->assertSame(Syntax::SYNTAX_PROTO2, $m->getSyntax());
+    }
+
+    public function testDuration()
+    {
+        $duration = new Duration();
+
+        $duration->setSeconds(1);
+        $duration->setNanos(2);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $duration->getSeconds());
+        $this->assertSame(2, $duration->getNanos());
+    }
+
+    public function testWrappers()
+    {
+        $m = new DoubleValue();
+        $m->setValue(1.0);
+        $this->assertSame(1.0, $m->getValue());
+
+        $m = new FloatValue();
+        $m->setValue(1.0);
+        $this->assertSame(1.0, $m->getValue());
+
+        $m = new Int64Value();
+        $m->setValue(1);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $m->getValue());
+
+        $m = new UInt64Value();
+        $m->setValue(1);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $m->getValue());
+
+        $m = new Int32Value();
+        $m->setValue(1);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getValue());
+
+        $m = new UInt32Value();
+        $m->setValue(1);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $m->getValue());
+
+        $m = new BoolValue();
+        $m->setValue(true);
+        $this->assertSame(true, $m->getValue());
+
+        $m = new StringValue();
+        $m->setValue("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getValue());
+
+        $m = new BytesValue();
+        $m->setValue("a");
+        $this->assertSame("a", $m->getValue());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider enumNameValueConversionDataProvider
+     */
+    public function testEnumNameValueConversion($class)
+    {
+        $reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass($class);
+        $constants = $reflectionClass->getConstants();
+        foreach ($constants as $k => $v) {
+            $this->assertSame($k, $class::name($v));
+            $this->assertSame($v, $class::value($k));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function enumNameValueConversionDataProvider()
+    {
+        return [
+            ['\Google\Protobuf\Field\Cardinality'],
+            ['\Google\Protobuf\Field\Kind'],
+            ['\Google\Protobuf\NullValue'],
+            ['\Google\Protobuf\Syntax'],
+        ];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/wrapper_type_setters_test.php b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/wrapper_type_setters_test.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4bdfcfad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/php/tests/wrapper_type_setters_test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once('test_base.php');
+require_once('test_util.php');
+
+use Foo\TestWrapperSetters;
+use Google\Protobuf\BoolValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\BytesValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\DoubleValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\FloatValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\Int32Value;
+use Google\Protobuf\Int64Value;
+use Google\Protobuf\StringValue;
+use Google\Protobuf\UInt32Value;
+use Google\Protobuf\UInt64Value;
+
+class WrapperTypeSettersTest extends TestBase
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider gettersAndSettersDataProvider
+     */
+    public function testGettersAndSetters(
+        $class,
+        $wrapperClass,
+        $setter,
+        $valueSetter,
+        $getter,
+        $valueGetter,
+        $sequence
+    ) {
+        $oldSetterMsg = new $class();
+        $newSetterMsg = new $class();
+        foreach ($sequence as list($value, $expectedValue)) {
+            // Manually wrap the value to pass to the old setter
+            $wrappedValue = is_null($value) ? $value : new $wrapperClass(['value' => $value]);
+
+            // Set values using new and old setters
+            $oldSetterMsg->$setter($wrappedValue);
+            $newSetterMsg->$valueSetter($value);
+
+            // Get expected values old getter
+            $expectedValue = $oldSetterMsg->$getter();
+
+            // Check that old getter returns the same value after using the
+            // new setter
+            $actualValue = $newSetterMsg->$getter();
+            $this->assertEquals($expectedValue, $actualValue);
+
+            // Check that new getter returns the unwrapped value from
+            // $expectedValue
+            $actualValueNewGetter = $newSetterMsg->$valueGetter();
+            if (is_null($expectedValue)) {
+                $this->assertNull($actualValueNewGetter);
+            } else {
+                $this->assertEquals($expectedValue->getValue(), $actualValueNewGetter);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function gettersAndSettersDataProvider()
+    {
+        return [
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, DoubleValue::class, "setDoubleValue", "setDoubleValueUnwrapped", "getDoubleValue", "getDoubleValueUnwrapped", [
+                [1.1, new DoubleValue(["value" => 1.1])],
+                [2.2, new DoubleValue(["value" => 2.2])],
+                [null, null],
+                [0, new DoubleValue()],
+            ]],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, FloatValue::class, "setFloatValue", "setFloatValueUnwrapped", "getFloatValue", "getFloatValueUnwrapped", [
+                [1.1, new FloatValue(["value" => 1.1])],
+                [2.2, new FloatValue(["value" => 2.2])],
+                [null, null],
+                [0, new FloatValue()],
+            ]],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, Int64Value::class, "setInt64Value", "setInt64ValueUnwrapped", "getInt64Value", "getInt64ValueUnwrapped", [
+                [123, new Int64Value(["value" => 123])],
+                [-789, new Int64Value(["value" => -789])],
+                [null, null],
+                [0, new Int64Value()],
+                [5.5, new Int64Value(["value" => 5])], // Test conversion from float to int
+            ]],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, UInt64Value::class, "setUInt64Value", "setUInt64ValueUnwrapped", "getUInt64Value", "getUInt64ValueUnwrapped", [
+                [123, new UInt64Value(["value" => 123])],
+                [789, new UInt64Value(["value" => 789])],
+                [null, null],
+                [0, new UInt64Value()],
+                [5.5, new UInt64Value(["value" => 5])], // Test conversion from float to int
+                [-7, new UInt64Value(["value" => -7])], // Test conversion from -ve to +ve
+            ]],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, Int32Value::class, "setInt32Value", "setInt32ValueUnwrapped", "getInt32Value", "getInt32ValueUnwrapped", [
+                [123, new Int32Value(["value" => 123])],
+                [-789, new Int32Value(["value" => -789])],
+                [null, null],
+                [0, new Int32Value()],
+                [5.5, new Int32Value(["value" => 5])], // Test conversion from float to int
+            ]],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, UInt32Value::class, "setUInt32Value", "setUInt32ValueUnwrapped", "getUInt32Value", "getUInt32ValueUnwrapped", [
+                [123, new UInt32Value(["value" => 123])],
+                [789, new UInt32Value(["value" => 789])],
+                [null, null],
+                [0, new UInt32Value()],
+                [5.5, new UInt32Value(["value" => 5])], // Test conversion from float to int
+                [-7, new UInt32Value(["value" => -7])], // Test conversion from -ve to +ve
+            ]],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, BoolValue::class, "setBoolValue", "setBoolValueUnwrapped", "getBoolValue", "getBoolValueUnwrapped", [
+                [true, new BoolValue(["value" => true])],
+                [false, new BoolValue(["value" => false])],
+                [null, null],
+            ]],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, StringValue::class, "setStringValue", "setStringValueUnwrapped", "getStringValue", "getStringValueUnwrapped", [
+                ["asdf", new StringValue(["value" => "asdf"])],
+                ["", new StringValue(["value" => ""])],
+                [null, null],
+                ["", new StringValue()],
+                [5, new StringValue(["value" => "5"])], // Test conversion from number to string
+                [5.5, new StringValue(["value" => "5.5"])], // Test conversion from number to string
+                [-7, new StringValue(["value" => "-7"])], // Test conversion from number to string
+                [-7.5, new StringValue(["value" => "-7.5"])], // Test conversion from number to string
+            ]],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, BytesValue::class, "setBytesValue", "setBytesValueUnwrapped", "getBytesValue", "getBytesValueUnwrapped", [
+                ["asdf", new BytesValue(["value" => "asdf"])],
+                ["", new BytesValue(["value" => ""])],
+                [null, null],
+                ["", new BytesValue()],
+                [5, new BytesValue(["value" => "5"])], // Test conversion from number to bytes
+                [5.5, new BytesValue(["value" => "5.5"])], // Test conversion from number to bytes
+                [-7, new BytesValue(["value" => "-7"])], // Test conversion from number to bytes
+                [-7.5, new BytesValue(["value" => "-7.5"])], // Test conversion from number to bytes
+            ]],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, DoubleValue::class, "setDoubleValueOneof", "setDoubleValueOneofUnwrapped", "getDoubleValueOneof", "getDoubleValueOneofUnwrapped", [
+                [1.1, new DoubleValue(["value" => 1.1])],
+                [2.2, new DoubleValue(["value" => 2.2])],
+                [null, null],
+                [0, new DoubleValue()],
+            ]],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, StringValue::class, "setStringValueOneof", "setStringValueOneofUnwrapped", "getStringValueOneof", "getStringValueOneofUnwrapped", [
+                ["asdf", new StringValue(["value" => "asdf"])],
+                ["", new StringValue(["value" => ""])],
+                [null, null],
+                ["", new StringValue()],
+                [5, new StringValue(["value" => "5"])], // Test conversion from number to string
+                [5.5, new StringValue(["value" => "5.5"])], // Test conversion from number to string
+                [-7, new StringValue(["value" => "-7"])], // Test conversion from number to string
+                [-7.5, new StringValue(["value" => "-7.5"])], // Test conversion from number to string
+            ]],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider invalidSettersDataProvider
+     * @expectedException \Exception
+     */
+    public function testInvalidSetters($class, $setter, $value)
+    {
+        (new $class())->$setter($value);
+    }
+
+    public function invalidSettersDataProvider()
+    {
+        return [
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setDoubleValueUnwrapped", "abc"],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setDoubleValueUnwrapped", []],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setDoubleValueUnwrapped", new stdClass()],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setDoubleValueUnwrapped", new DoubleValue()],
+
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setFloatValueUnwrapped", "abc"],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setFloatValueUnwrapped", []],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setFloatValueUnwrapped", new stdClass()],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setFloatValueUnwrapped", new FloatValue()],
+
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setInt64ValueUnwrapped", "abc"],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setInt64ValueUnwrapped", []],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setInt64ValueUnwrapped", new stdClass()],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setInt64ValueUnwrapped", new Int64Value()],
+
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setUInt64ValueUnwrapped", "abc"],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setUInt64ValueUnwrapped", []],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setUInt64ValueUnwrapped", new stdClass()],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setUInt64ValueUnwrapped", new UInt64Value()],
+
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setInt32ValueUnwrapped", "abc"],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setInt32ValueUnwrapped", []],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setInt32ValueUnwrapped", new stdClass()],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setInt32ValueUnwrapped", new Int32Value()],
+
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setUInt32ValueUnwrapped", "abc"],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setUInt32ValueUnwrapped", []],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setUInt32ValueUnwrapped", new stdClass()],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setUInt32ValueUnwrapped", new UInt32Value()],
+
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setBoolValueUnwrapped", []],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setBoolValueUnwrapped", new stdClass()],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setBoolValueUnwrapped", new BoolValue()],
+
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setStringValueUnwrapped", []],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setStringValueUnwrapped", new stdClass()],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setStringValueUnwrapped", new StringValue()],
+
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setBytesValueUnwrapped", []],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setBytesValueUnwrapped", new stdClass()],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, "setBytesValueUnwrapped", new BytesValue()],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider constructorWithWrapperTypeDataProvider
+     */
+    public function testConstructorWithWrapperType($class, $wrapperClass, $wrapperField, $getter, $value)
+    {
+        $actualInstance = new $class([$wrapperField => $value]);
+        $expectedInstance = new $class([$wrapperField => new $wrapperClass(['value' => $value])]);
+        $this->assertEquals($expectedInstance->$getter()->getValue(), $actualInstance->$getter()->getValue());
+    }
+
+    public function constructorWithWrapperTypeDataProvider()
+    {
+        return [
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, DoubleValue::class, 'double_value', 'getDoubleValue', 1.1],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, FloatValue::class, 'float_value', 'getFloatValue', 2.2],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, Int64Value::class, 'int64_value', 'getInt64Value', 3],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, UInt64Value::class, 'uint64_value', 'getUInt64Value', 4],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, Int32Value::class, 'int32_value', 'getInt32Value', 5],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, UInt32Value::class, 'uint32_value', 'getUInt32Value', 6],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, BoolValue::class, 'bool_value', 'getBoolValue', true],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, StringValue::class, 'string_value', 'getStringValue', "eight"],
+            [TestWrapperSetters::class, BytesValue::class, 'bytes_value', 'getBytesValue', "nine"],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider constructorWithRepeatedWrapperTypeDataProvider
+     */
+    public function testConstructorWithRepeatedWrapperType($wrapperField, $getter, $value)
+    {
+        $actualInstance = new TestWrapperSetters([$wrapperField => $value]);
+        foreach ($actualInstance->$getter() as $key => $actualWrapperValue) {
+            $actualInnerValue = $actualWrapperValue->getValue();
+            $expectedElement = $value[$key];
+            if (is_object($expectedElement) && is_a($expectedElement, '\Google\Protobuf\StringValue')) {
+                $expectedInnerValue = $expectedElement->getValue();
+            } else {
+                $expectedInnerValue = $expectedElement;
+            }
+            $this->assertEquals($expectedInnerValue, $actualInnerValue);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function constructorWithRepeatedWrapperTypeDataProvider()
+    {
+        $sv7 = new StringValue(['value' => 'seven']);
+        $sv8 = new StringValue(['value' => 'eight']);
+
+        $testWrapperSetters = new TestWrapperSetters();
+        $testWrapperSetters->setRepeatedStringValue([$sv7, $sv8]);
+        $repeatedField = $testWrapperSetters->getRepeatedStringValue();
+
+        return [
+            ['repeated_string_value', 'getRepeatedStringValue', []],
+            ['repeated_string_value', 'getRepeatedStringValue', [$sv7]],
+            ['repeated_string_value', 'getRepeatedStringValue', [$sv7, $sv8]],
+            ['repeated_string_value', 'getRepeatedStringValue', ['seven']],
+            ['repeated_string_value', 'getRepeatedStringValue', [7]],
+            ['repeated_string_value', 'getRepeatedStringValue', [7.7]],
+            ['repeated_string_value', 'getRepeatedStringValue', ['seven', 'eight']],
+            ['repeated_string_value', 'getRepeatedStringValue', [$sv7, 'eight']],
+            ['repeated_string_value', 'getRepeatedStringValue', ['seven', $sv8]],
+            ['repeated_string_value', 'getRepeatedStringValue', $repeatedField],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider constructorWithMapWrapperTypeDataProvider
+     */
+    public function testConstructorWithMapWrapperType($wrapperField, $getter, $value)
+    {
+        $actualInstance = new TestWrapperSetters([$wrapperField => $value]);
+        foreach ($actualInstance->$getter() as $key => $actualWrapperValue) {
+            $actualInnerValue = $actualWrapperValue->getValue();
+            $expectedElement = $value[$key];
+            if (is_object($expectedElement) && is_a($expectedElement, '\Google\Protobuf\StringValue')) {
+                $expectedInnerValue = $expectedElement->getValue();
+            } elseif (is_object($expectedElement) && is_a($expectedElement, '\Google\Protobuf\Internal\MapEntry')) {
+                $expectedInnerValue = $expectedElement->getValue()->getValue();
+            } else {
+                $expectedInnerValue = $expectedElement;
+            }
+            $this->assertEquals($expectedInnerValue, $actualInnerValue);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function constructorWithMapWrapperTypeDataProvider()
+    {
+        $sv7 = new StringValue(['value' => 'seven']);
+        $sv8 = new StringValue(['value' => 'eight']);
+
+        $testWrapperSetters = new TestWrapperSetters();
+        $testWrapperSetters->setMapStringValue(['key' => $sv7, 'key2' => $sv8]);
+        $mapField = $testWrapperSetters->getMapStringValue();
+
+        return [
+            ['map_string_value', 'getMapStringValue', []],
+            ['map_string_value', 'getMapStringValue', ['key' => $sv7]],
+            ['map_string_value', 'getMapStringValue', ['key' => $sv7, 'key2' => $sv8]],
+            ['map_string_value', 'getMapStringValue', ['key' => 'seven']],
+            ['map_string_value', 'getMapStringValue', ['key' => 7]],
+            ['map_string_value', 'getMapStringValue', ['key' => 7.7]],
+            ['map_string_value', 'getMapStringValue', ['key' => 'seven', 'key2' => 'eight']],
+            ['map_string_value', 'getMapStringValue', ['key' => $sv7, 'key2' => 'eight']],
+            ['map_string_value', 'getMapStringValue', ['key' => 'seven', 'key2' => $sv8]],
+            ['map_string_value', 'getMapStringValue', $mapField],
+        ];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/post_process_dist.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/post_process_dist.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b14de672
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/post_process_dist.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+
+# This script takes the result of "make dist" and:
+# 1) Unpacks it.
+# 2) Ensures all contents are user-writable.  Some version control systems
+#    keep code read-only until you explicitly ask to edit it, and the normal
+#    "make dist" process does not correct for this, so the result is that
+#    the entire dist is still marked read-only when unpacked, which is
+#    annoying.  So, we fix it.
+# 3) Convert MSVC project files to MSVC 2005, so that anyone who has version
+#    2005 *or* 2008 can open them.  (In version control, we keep things in
+#    MSVC 2008 format since that's what we use in development.)
+# 4) Uses the result to create .tar.gz, .tar.bz2, and .zip versions and
+#    deposites them in the "dist" directory.  In the .zip version, all
+#    non-testdata .txt files are converted to Windows-style line endings.
+# 5) Cleans up after itself.
+
+if [ "$1" == "" ]; then
+  echo "USAGE:  $0 DISTFILE" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ ! -e $1 ]; then
+  echo $1": File not found." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+set -ex
+
+LANGUAGES="cpp csharp java js objectivec python ruby php all"
+BASENAME=`basename $1 .tar.gz`
+VERSION=${BASENAME:9}
+
+# Create a directory called "dist", copy the tarball there and unpack it.
+mkdir dist
+cp $1 dist
+cd dist
+tar zxvf $BASENAME.tar.gz
+rm $BASENAME.tar.gz
+
+# Set the entire contents to be user-writable.
+chmod -R u+w $BASENAME
+cd $BASENAME
+
+for LANG in $LANGUAGES; do
+  # Build the dist again in .tar.gz
+  ./configure DIST_LANG=$LANG
+  make dist-gzip
+  mv $BASENAME.tar.gz ../protobuf-$LANG-$VERSION.tar.gz
+done
+
+# Convert all text files to use DOS-style line endings, then build a .zip
+# distribution.
+todos *.txt */*.txt
+
+for LANG in $LANGUAGES; do
+  # Build the dist again in .zip
+  ./configure DIST_LANG=$LANG
+  make dist-zip
+  mv $BASENAME.zip ../protobuf-$LANG-$VERSION.zip
+done
+
+cd ..
+rm -rf $BASENAME
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protobuf-lite.pc.in b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protobuf-lite.pc.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68a2bb455
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protobuf-lite.pc.in
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+prefix=@prefix@
+exec_prefix=@exec_prefix@
+libdir=@libdir@
+includedir=@includedir@
+
+Name: Protocol Buffers
+Description: Google's Data Interchange Format
+Version: @VERSION@
+Libs: -L${libdir} -lprotobuf-lite @PTHREAD_LIBS@
+Cflags: -I${includedir} @PTHREAD_CFLAGS@
+Conflicts: protobuf
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protobuf.bzl b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protobuf.bzl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..829464d44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protobuf.bzl
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+load("@bazel_skylib//lib:versions.bzl", "versions")
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_library")
+load("@rules_python//python:defs.bzl", "py_library", "py_test")
+
+def _GetPath(ctx, path):
+    if ctx.label.workspace_root:
+        return ctx.label.workspace_root + "/" + path
+    else:
+        return path
+
+def _IsNewExternal(ctx):
+    # Bazel 0.4.4 and older have genfiles paths that look like:
+    #   bazel-out/local-fastbuild/genfiles/external/repo/foo
+    # After the exec root rearrangement, they look like:
+    #   ../repo/bazel-out/local-fastbuild/genfiles/foo
+    return ctx.label.workspace_root.startswith("../")
+
+def _GenDir(ctx):
+    if _IsNewExternal(ctx):
+        # We are using the fact that Bazel 0.4.4+ provides repository-relative paths
+        # for ctx.genfiles_dir.
+        return ctx.genfiles_dir.path + (
+            "/" + ctx.attr.includes[0] if ctx.attr.includes and ctx.attr.includes[0] else ""
+        )
+
+    # This means that we're either in the old version OR the new version in the local repo.
+    # Either way, appending the source path to the genfiles dir works.
+    return ctx.var["GENDIR"] + "/" + _SourceDir(ctx)
+
+def _SourceDir(ctx):
+    if not ctx.attr.includes:
+        return ctx.label.workspace_root
+    if not ctx.attr.includes[0]:
+        return _GetPath(ctx, ctx.label.package)
+    if not ctx.label.package:
+        return _GetPath(ctx, ctx.attr.includes[0])
+    return _GetPath(ctx, ctx.label.package + "/" + ctx.attr.includes[0])
+
+def _CcHdrs(srcs, use_grpc_plugin = False):
+    ret = [s[:-len(".proto")] + ".pb.h" for s in srcs]
+    if use_grpc_plugin:
+        ret += [s[:-len(".proto")] + ".grpc.pb.h" for s in srcs]
+    return ret
+
+def _CcSrcs(srcs, use_grpc_plugin = False):
+    ret = [s[:-len(".proto")] + ".pb.cc" for s in srcs]
+    if use_grpc_plugin:
+        ret += [s[:-len(".proto")] + ".grpc.pb.cc" for s in srcs]
+    return ret
+
+def _CcOuts(srcs, use_grpc_plugin = False):
+    return _CcHdrs(srcs, use_grpc_plugin) + _CcSrcs(srcs, use_grpc_plugin)
+
+def _PyOuts(srcs, use_grpc_plugin = False):
+    ret = [s[:-len(".proto")] + "_pb2.py" for s in srcs]
+    if use_grpc_plugin:
+        ret += [s[:-len(".proto")] + "_pb2_grpc.py" for s in srcs]
+    return ret
+
+def _RelativeOutputPath(path, include, dest = ""):
+    if include == None:
+        return path
+
+    if not path.startswith(include):
+        fail("Include path %s isn't part of the path %s." % (include, path))
+
+    if include and include[-1] != "/":
+        include = include + "/"
+    if dest and dest[-1] != "/":
+        dest = dest + "/"
+
+    path = path[len(include):]
+    return dest + path
+
+def _proto_gen_impl(ctx):
+    """General implementation for generating protos"""
+    srcs = ctx.files.srcs
+    deps = []
+    deps += ctx.files.srcs
+    source_dir = _SourceDir(ctx)
+    gen_dir = _GenDir(ctx).rstrip("/")
+    if source_dir:
+        import_flags = ["-I" + source_dir, "-I" + gen_dir]
+    else:
+        import_flags = ["-I."]
+
+    for dep in ctx.attr.deps:
+        import_flags += dep.proto.import_flags
+        deps += dep.proto.deps
+
+    if not ctx.attr.gen_cc and not ctx.attr.gen_py and not ctx.executable.plugin:
+        return struct(
+            proto = struct(
+                srcs = srcs,
+                import_flags = import_flags,
+                deps = deps,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    for src in srcs:
+        args = []
+
+        in_gen_dir = src.root.path == gen_dir
+        if in_gen_dir:
+            import_flags_real = []
+            for f in depset(import_flags).to_list():
+                path = f.replace("-I", "")
+                import_flags_real.append("-I$(realpath -s %s)" % path)
+
+        outs = []
+        use_grpc_plugin = (ctx.attr.plugin_language == "grpc" and ctx.attr.plugin)
+        path_tpl = "$(realpath %s)" if in_gen_dir else "%s"
+        if ctx.attr.gen_cc:
+            args += [("--cpp_out=" + path_tpl) % gen_dir]
+            outs.extend(_CcOuts([src.basename], use_grpc_plugin = use_grpc_plugin))
+        if ctx.attr.gen_py:
+            args += [("--python_out=" + path_tpl) % gen_dir]
+            outs.extend(_PyOuts([src.basename], use_grpc_plugin = use_grpc_plugin))
+
+        outs = [ctx.actions.declare_file(out, sibling = src) for out in outs]
+        inputs = [src] + deps
+        tools = [ctx.executable.protoc]
+        if ctx.executable.plugin:
+            plugin = ctx.executable.plugin
+            lang = ctx.attr.plugin_language
+            if not lang and plugin.basename.startswith("protoc-gen-"):
+                lang = plugin.basename[len("protoc-gen-"):]
+            if not lang:
+                fail("cannot infer the target language of plugin", "plugin_language")
+
+            outdir = "." if in_gen_dir else gen_dir
+
+            if ctx.attr.plugin_options:
+                outdir = ",".join(ctx.attr.plugin_options) + ":" + outdir
+            args += [("--plugin=protoc-gen-%s=" + path_tpl) % (lang, plugin.path)]
+            args += ["--%s_out=%s" % (lang, outdir)]
+            tools.append(plugin)
+
+        if not in_gen_dir:
+            ctx.actions.run(
+                inputs = inputs,
+                tools = tools,
+                outputs = outs,
+                arguments = args + import_flags + [src.path],
+                executable = ctx.executable.protoc,
+                mnemonic = "ProtoCompile",
+                use_default_shell_env = True,
+            )
+        else:
+            for out in outs:
+                orig_command = " ".join(
+                    ["$(realpath %s)" % ctx.executable.protoc.path] + args +
+                    import_flags_real + ["-I.", src.basename],
+                )
+                command = ";".join([
+                    'CMD="%s"' % orig_command,
+                    "cd %s" % src.dirname,
+                    "${CMD}",
+                    "cd -",
+                ])
+                generated_out = "/".join([gen_dir, out.basename])
+                if generated_out != out.path:
+                    command += ";mv %s %s" % (generated_out, out.path)
+                ctx.actions.run_shell(
+                    inputs = inputs,
+                    outputs = [out],
+                    command = command,
+                    mnemonic = "ProtoCompile",
+                    tools = tools,
+                    use_default_shell_env = True,
+                )
+
+    return struct(
+        proto = struct(
+            srcs = srcs,
+            import_flags = import_flags,
+            deps = deps,
+        ),
+    )
+
+proto_gen = rule(
+    attrs = {
+        "srcs": attr.label_list(allow_files = True),
+        "deps": attr.label_list(providers = ["proto"]),
+        "includes": attr.string_list(),
+        "protoc": attr.label(
+            cfg = "host",
+            executable = True,
+            allow_single_file = True,
+            mandatory = True,
+        ),
+        "plugin": attr.label(
+            cfg = "host",
+            allow_files = True,
+            executable = True,
+        ),
+        "plugin_language": attr.string(),
+        "plugin_options": attr.string_list(),
+        "gen_cc": attr.bool(),
+        "gen_py": attr.bool(),
+        "outs": attr.output_list(),
+    },
+    output_to_genfiles = True,
+    implementation = _proto_gen_impl,
+)
+"""Generates codes from Protocol Buffers definitions.
+
+This rule helps you to implement Skylark macros specific to the target
+language. You should prefer more specific `cc_proto_library `,
+`py_proto_library` and others unless you are adding such wrapper macros.
+
+Args:
+  srcs: Protocol Buffers definition files (.proto) to run the protocol compiler
+    against.
+  deps: a list of dependency labels; must be other proto libraries.
+  includes: a list of include paths to .proto files.
+  protoc: the label of the protocol compiler to generate the sources.
+  plugin: the label of the protocol compiler plugin to be passed to the protocol
+    compiler.
+  plugin_language: the language of the generated sources
+  plugin_options: a list of options to be passed to the plugin
+  gen_cc: generates C++ sources in addition to the ones from the plugin.
+  gen_py: generates Python sources in addition to the ones from the plugin.
+  outs: a list of labels of the expected outputs from the protocol compiler.
+"""
+
+def cc_proto_library(
+        name,
+        srcs = [],
+        deps = [],
+        cc_libs = [],
+        include = None,
+        protoc = "@com_google_protobuf//:protoc",
+        internal_bootstrap_hack = False,
+        use_grpc_plugin = False,
+        default_runtime = "@com_google_protobuf//:protobuf",
+        **kargs):
+    """Bazel rule to create a C++ protobuf library from proto source files
+
+    NOTE: the rule is only an internal workaround to generate protos. The
+    interface may change and the rule may be removed when bazel has introduced
+    the native rule.
+
+    Args:
+      name: the name of the cc_proto_library.
+      srcs: the .proto files of the cc_proto_library.
+      deps: a list of dependency labels; must be cc_proto_library.
+      cc_libs: a list of other cc_library targets depended by the generated
+          cc_library.
+      include: a string indicating the include path of the .proto files.
+      protoc: the label of the protocol compiler to generate the sources.
+      internal_bootstrap_hack: a flag indicate the cc_proto_library is used only
+          for bootstraping. When it is set to True, no files will be generated.
+          The rule will simply be a provider for .proto files, so that other
+          cc_proto_library can depend on it.
+      use_grpc_plugin: a flag to indicate whether to call the grpc C++ plugin
+          when processing the proto files.
+      default_runtime: the implicitly default runtime which will be depended on by
+          the generated cc_library target.
+      **kargs: other keyword arguments that are passed to cc_library.
+
+    """
+
+    includes = []
+    if include != None:
+        includes = [include]
+
+    if internal_bootstrap_hack:
+        # For pre-checked-in generated files, we add the internal_bootstrap_hack
+        # which will skip the codegen action.
+        proto_gen(
+            name = name + "_genproto",
+            srcs = srcs,
+            deps = [s + "_genproto" for s in deps],
+            includes = includes,
+            protoc = protoc,
+            visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+        )
+
+        # An empty cc_library to make rule dependency consistent.
+        cc_library(
+            name = name,
+            **kargs
+        )
+        return
+
+    grpc_cpp_plugin = None
+    if use_grpc_plugin:
+        grpc_cpp_plugin = "//external:grpc_cpp_plugin"
+
+    gen_srcs = _CcSrcs(srcs, use_grpc_plugin)
+    gen_hdrs = _CcHdrs(srcs, use_grpc_plugin)
+    outs = gen_srcs + gen_hdrs
+
+    proto_gen(
+        name = name + "_genproto",
+        srcs = srcs,
+        deps = [s + "_genproto" for s in deps],
+        includes = includes,
+        protoc = protoc,
+        plugin = grpc_cpp_plugin,
+        plugin_language = "grpc",
+        gen_cc = 1,
+        outs = outs,
+        visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    )
+
+    if default_runtime and not default_runtime in cc_libs:
+        cc_libs = cc_libs + [default_runtime]
+    if use_grpc_plugin:
+        cc_libs = cc_libs + ["//external:grpc_lib"]
+    cc_library(
+        name = name,
+        srcs = gen_srcs,
+        hdrs = gen_hdrs,
+        deps = cc_libs + deps,
+        includes = includes,
+        **kargs
+    )
+
+def internal_gen_well_known_protos_java(srcs):
+    """Bazel rule to generate the gen_well_known_protos_java genrule
+
+    Args:
+      srcs: the well known protos
+    """
+    root = Label("%s//protobuf_java" % (native.repository_name())).workspace_root
+    pkg = native.package_name() + "/" if native.package_name() else ""
+    if root == "":
+        include = " -I%ssrc " % pkg
+    else:
+        include = " -I%s/%ssrc " % (root, pkg)
+    native.genrule(
+        name = "gen_well_known_protos_java",
+        srcs = srcs,
+        outs = [
+            "wellknown.srcjar",
+        ],
+        cmd = "$(location :protoc) --java_out=$(@D)/wellknown.jar" +
+              " %s $(SRCS) " % include +
+              " && mv $(@D)/wellknown.jar $(@D)/wellknown.srcjar",
+        tools = [":protoc"],
+    )
+
+def internal_copied_filegroup(name, srcs, strip_prefix, dest, **kwargs):
+    """Macro to copy files to a different directory and then create a filegroup.
+
+    This is used by the //:protobuf_python py_proto_library target to work around
+    an issue caused by Python source files that are part of the same Python
+    package being in separate directories.
+
+    Args:
+      srcs: The source files to copy and add to the filegroup.
+      strip_prefix: Path to the root of the files to copy.
+      dest: The directory to copy the source files into.
+      **kwargs: extra arguments that will be passesd to the filegroup.
+    """
+    outs = [_RelativeOutputPath(s, strip_prefix, dest) for s in srcs]
+
+    native.genrule(
+        name = name + "_genrule",
+        srcs = srcs,
+        outs = outs,
+        cmd = " && ".join(
+            ["cp $(location %s) $(location %s)" %
+             (s, _RelativeOutputPath(s, strip_prefix, dest)) for s in srcs],
+        ),
+    )
+
+    native.filegroup(
+        name = name,
+        srcs = outs,
+        **kwargs
+    )
+
+def py_proto_library(
+        name,
+        srcs = [],
+        deps = [],
+        py_libs = [],
+        py_extra_srcs = [],
+        include = None,
+        default_runtime = "@com_google_protobuf//:protobuf_python",
+        protoc = "@com_google_protobuf//:protoc",
+        use_grpc_plugin = False,
+        **kargs):
+    """Bazel rule to create a Python protobuf library from proto source files
+
+    NOTE: the rule is only an internal workaround to generate protos. The
+    interface may change and the rule may be removed when bazel has introduced
+    the native rule.
+
+    Args:
+      name: the name of the py_proto_library.
+      srcs: the .proto files of the py_proto_library.
+      deps: a list of dependency labels; must be py_proto_library.
+      py_libs: a list of other py_library targets depended by the generated
+          py_library.
+      py_extra_srcs: extra source files that will be added to the output
+          py_library. This attribute is used for internal bootstrapping.
+      include: a string indicating the include path of the .proto files.
+      default_runtime: the implicitly default runtime which will be depended on by
+          the generated py_library target.
+      protoc: the label of the protocol compiler to generate the sources.
+      use_grpc_plugin: a flag to indicate whether to call the Python C++ plugin
+          when processing the proto files.
+      **kargs: other keyword arguments that are passed to cc_library.
+
+    """
+    outs = _PyOuts(srcs, use_grpc_plugin)
+
+    includes = []
+    if include != None:
+        includes = [include]
+
+    grpc_python_plugin = None
+    if use_grpc_plugin:
+        grpc_python_plugin = "//external:grpc_python_plugin"
+        # Note: Generated grpc code depends on Python grpc module. This dependency
+        # is not explicitly listed in py_libs. Instead, host system is assumed to
+        # have grpc installed.
+
+    proto_gen(
+        name = name + "_genproto",
+        srcs = srcs,
+        deps = [s + "_genproto" for s in deps],
+        includes = includes,
+        protoc = protoc,
+        gen_py = 1,
+        outs = outs,
+        visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+        plugin = grpc_python_plugin,
+        plugin_language = "grpc",
+    )
+
+    if default_runtime and not default_runtime in py_libs + deps:
+        py_libs = py_libs + [default_runtime]
+    py_library(
+        name = name,
+        srcs = outs + py_extra_srcs,
+        deps = py_libs + deps,
+        imports = includes,
+        **kargs
+    )
+
+def internal_protobuf_py_tests(
+        name,
+        modules = [],
+        **kargs):
+    """Bazel rules to create batch tests for protobuf internal.
+
+    Args:
+      name: the name of the rule.
+      modules: a list of modules for tests. The macro will create a py_test for
+          each of the parameter with the source "google/protobuf/%s.py"
+      kargs: extra parameters that will be passed into the py_test.
+
+    """
+    for m in modules:
+        s = "python/google/protobuf/internal/%s.py" % m
+        py_test(
+            name = "py_%s" % m,
+            srcs = [s],
+            main = s,
+            **kargs
+        )
+
+def check_protobuf_required_bazel_version():
+    """For WORKSPACE files, to check the installed version of bazel.
+
+    This ensures bazel supports our approach to proto_library() depending on a
+    copied filegroup. (Fixed in bazel 0.5.4)
+    """
+    versions.check(minimum_bazel_version = "0.5.4")
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protobuf.pc.in b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protobuf.pc.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..055a9d056
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protobuf.pc.in
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+prefix=@prefix@
+exec_prefix=@exec_prefix@
+libdir=@libdir@
+includedir=@includedir@
+
+Name: Protocol Buffers
+Description: Google's Data Interchange Format
+Version: @VERSION@
+Libs: -L${libdir} -lprotobuf @PTHREAD_LIBS@
+Libs.private: @LIBS@
+
+Cflags: -I${includedir} @PTHREAD_CFLAGS@
+Conflicts: protobuf-lite
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protobuf_deps.bzl b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protobuf_deps.bzl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb0c47786
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protobuf_deps.bzl
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+"""Load dependencies needed to compile the protobuf library as a 3rd-party consumer."""
+
+load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl", "http_archive")
+
+def protobuf_deps():
+    """Loads common dependencies needed to compile the protobuf library."""
+
+    if not native.existing_rule("bazel_skylib"):
+        http_archive(
+            name = "bazel_skylib",
+            sha256 = "97e70364e9249702246c0e9444bccdc4b847bed1eb03c5a3ece4f83dfe6abc44",
+            urls = [
+                "https://mirror.bazel.build/github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-skylib/releases/download/1.0.2/bazel-skylib-1.0.2.tar.gz",
+                "https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-skylib/releases/download/1.0.2/bazel-skylib-1.0.2.tar.gz",
+            ],
+        )
+
+    if not native.existing_rule("zlib"):
+        http_archive(
+            name = "zlib",
+            build_file = "@com_google_protobuf//:third_party/zlib.BUILD",
+            sha256 = "629380c90a77b964d896ed37163f5c3a34f6e6d897311f1df2a7016355c45eff",
+            strip_prefix = "zlib-1.2.11",
+            urls = ["https://github.com/madler/zlib/archive/v1.2.11.tar.gz"],
+        )
+
+    if not native.existing_rule("six"):
+        http_archive(
+            name = "six",
+            build_file = "@com_google_protobuf//:third_party/six.BUILD",
+            sha256 = "d16a0141ec1a18405cd4ce8b4613101da75da0e9a7aec5bdd4fa804d0e0eba73",
+            urls = ["https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/six/six-1.12.0.tar.gz"],
+        )
+
+    if not native.existing_rule("rules_cc"):
+        http_archive(
+            name = "rules_cc",
+            sha256 = "29daf0159f0cf552fcff60b49d8bcd4f08f08506d2da6e41b07058ec50cfeaec",
+            strip_prefix = "rules_cc-b7fe9697c0c76ab2fd431a891dbb9a6a32ed7c3e",
+            urls = ["https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_cc/archive/b7fe9697c0c76ab2fd431a891dbb9a6a32ed7c3e.tar.gz"],
+        )
+
+    if not native.existing_rule("rules_java"):
+        http_archive(
+            name = "rules_java",
+            sha256 = "f5a3e477e579231fca27bf202bb0e8fbe4fc6339d63b38ccb87c2760b533d1c3",
+            strip_prefix = "rules_java-981f06c3d2bd10225e85209904090eb7b5fb26bd",
+            urls = ["https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_java/archive/981f06c3d2bd10225e85209904090eb7b5fb26bd.tar.gz"],
+        )
+
+    if not native.existing_rule("rules_proto"):
+        http_archive(
+            name = "rules_proto",
+            sha256 = "602e7161d9195e50246177e7c55b2f39950a9cf7366f74ed5f22fd45750cd208",
+            strip_prefix = "rules_proto-97d8af4dc474595af3900dd85cb3a29ad28cc313",
+            urls = ["https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_proto/archive/97d8af4dc474595af3900dd85cb3a29ad28cc313.tar.gz"],
+        )
+
+    if not native.existing_rule("rules_python"):
+        http_archive(
+            name = "rules_python",
+            sha256 = "e5470e92a18aa51830db99a4d9c492cc613761d5bdb7131c04bd92b9834380f6",
+            strip_prefix = "rules_python-4b84ad270387a7c439ebdccfd530e2339601ef27",
+            urls = ["https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_python/archive/4b84ad270387a7c439ebdccfd530e2339601ef27.tar.gz"],
+        )
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/Dockerfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..278bc7452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+FROM centos:6.9
+
+RUN yum install -y git \
+                   tar \
+                   wget \
+                   make \
+                   autoconf \
+                   curl-devel \
+                   unzip \
+                   automake \
+                   libtool \
+                   glibc-static.i686 \
+                   glibc-devel \
+                   glibc-devel.i686 \
+                   && \
+    yum clean all
+
+# Install Java 8
+RUN wget -q --no-cookies --no-check-certificate \
+    --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" \
+    "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u131-b11/d54c1d3a095b4ff2b6607d096fa80163/jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz" \
+    -O - | tar xz -C /var/local
+ENV JAVA_HOME /var/local/jdk1.8.0_131
+ENV PATH $JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
+
+# Install Maven
+RUN wget -q http://apache.cs.utah.edu/maven/maven-3/3.3.9/binaries/apache-maven-3.3.9-bin.tar.gz -O - | \
+    tar xz -C /var/local
+ENV PATH /var/local/apache-maven-3.3.9/bin:$PATH
+
+# Install GCC 4.8 to support -static-libstdc++
+RUN wget http://people.centos.org/tru/devtools-2/devtools-2.repo -P /etc/yum.repos.d && \
+    bash -c 'echo "enabled=1" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/devtools-2.repo' && \
+    bash -c "sed -e 's/\$basearch/i386/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/devtools-2.repo > /etc/yum.repos.d/devtools-i386-2.repo" && \
+    sed -e 's/testing-/testing-i386-/g' -i /etc/yum.repos.d/devtools-i386-2.repo && \
+    rpm --rebuilddb
+
+RUN yum install -y devtoolset-2-gcc \
+                   devtoolset-2-gcc-c++ \
+                   devtoolset-2-binutils \
+                   devtoolset-2-libstdc++-devel \
+                   devtoolset-2-libatomic-devel \
+                   libatomic \
+                   devtoolset-2-gcc.i686 \
+                   devtoolset-2-gcc-c++.i686 \
+                   devtoolset-2-binutils.i686 \
+                   devtoolset-2-libstdc++-devel.i686 \
+                   devtoolset-2-libatomic-devel.i686 \
+                   libatomic.i686 && \
+    yum clean all
+
+COPY scl-enable-devtoolset.sh /var/local/
+
+# Start in devtoolset environment that uses GCC 4.7
+ENTRYPOINT ["/var/local/scl-enable-devtoolset.sh"]
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70da44c75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+# Build scripts that publish pre-compiled protoc artifacts
+``protoc`` is the compiler for ``.proto`` files. It generates language bindings
+for the messages and/or RPC services from ``.proto`` files.
+
+Because ``protoc`` is a native executable, the scripts under this directory
+build and publish a ``protoc`` executable (a.k.a. artifact) to Maven
+repositories. The artifact can be used by build automation tools so that users
+would not need to compile and install ``protoc`` for their systems.
+
+If you would like us to publish protoc artifact for a new platform, please send
+us a pull request to add support for the new platform. You would need to change
+the following files:
+
+* [build-protoc.sh](build-protoc.sh): script to cross-build the protoc for your
+  platform.
+* [pom.xml](pom.xml): script to upload artifacts to maven.
+* [build-zip.sh](build-zip.sh): script to package published maven artifacts in
+  our release page.
+
+## Maven Location
+The published protoc artifacts are available on Maven here:
+
+    http://central.maven.org/maven2/com/google/protobuf/protoc/
+
+## Versioning
+The version of the ``protoc`` artifact must be the same as the version of the
+Protobuf project.
+
+## Artifact name
+The name of a published ``protoc`` artifact is in the following format:
+``protoc-<version>-<os>-<arch>.exe``, e.g., ``protoc-3.6.1-linux-x86_64.exe``.
+
+Note that artifacts for linux/macos also have the `.exe` suffix but they are
+not windows binaries.
+
+## System requirement
+Install [Apache Maven](http://maven.apache.org/) if you don't have it.
+
+The scripts only work under Unix-like environments, e.g., Linux, MacOSX, and
+Cygwin or MinGW for Windows. Please see ``README.md`` of the Protobuf project
+for how to set up the build environment.
+
+## Building from a freshly checked-out source
+
+If you just checked out the Protobuf source from github, you need to
+generate the configure script.
+
+Under the protobuf project directory:
+
+
+```
+$ ./autogen.sh
+```
+
+### Build the artifact for each platform
+
+Run the build-protoc.sh script under this protoc-artifacts directory to build the protoc
+artifact for each platform.  For example:
+
+```
+$ cd protoc-artifacts
+$ ./build-protoc.sh linux x86_64 protoc
+```
+
+The above command will produce a `target/linux/x86_64/protoc` binary under the
+protoc-artifacts directory.
+
+For a list of supported platforms, see the comments in the build-protoc.sh
+script. We only use this script to build artifacts on Ubuntu and MacOS (both
+with x86_64, and do cross-compilation for other platforms.
+
+### Tips for building for Linux
+We build on Centos 6.9 to provide a good compatibility for not very new
+systems. We have provided a ``Dockerfile`` under this directory to build the
+environment. It has been tested with Docker 1.6.1.
+
+To build a image:
+
+```
+$ docker build -t protoc-artifacts .
+```
+
+To run the image:
+
+```
+$ docker run -it --rm=true protoc-artifacts bash
+```
+
+To checkout protobuf (run within the container):
+
+```
+$ # Replace v3.5.1 with the version you want
+$ wget -O - https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/archive/v3.5.1.tar.gz | tar xvzp
+```
+
+### Windows build
+We no longer use scripts in this directory to build windows artifacts. Instead,
+we use Visual Studio 2015 to build our windows release artifacts. See our
+[kokoro windows build scripts here](../kokoro/release/protoc/windows/build.bat).
+
+To upload windows artifacts, copy the built binaries into this directory and
+put it into the target/windows/(x86_64|x86_32) directory the same way as the
+artifacts for other platforms. That will allow the maven script to find and
+upload the artifacts to maven.
+
+## To push artifacts to Maven Central
+Before you can upload artifacts to Maven Central repository, make sure you have
+read [this page](http://central.sonatype.org/pages/apache-maven.html) on how to
+configure GPG and Sonatype account.
+
+Before you do the deployment, make sure you have built the protoc artifacts for
+every supported platform and put them under the target directory. Example
+target directory layout:
+
+    + pom.xml
+    + target
+      + linux
+        + x86_64
+          protoc.exe
+        + x86_32
+          protoc.exe
+        + aarch_64
+          protoc.exe
+        + ppcle_64
+          protoc.exe
+        + s390x_64
+          protoc.exe
+      + osx
+        + x86_64
+          protoc.exe
+        + x86_32
+          protoc.exe
+      + windows
+        + x86_64
+          protoc.exe
+        + x86_32
+          protoc.exe
+
+You will need to build the artifacts on multiple machines and gather them
+together into one place.
+
+Use the following command to deploy artifacts for the host platform to a
+staging repository.
+
+```
+$ mvn deploy -P release
+```
+
+It creates a new staging repository. Go to
+https://oss.sonatype.org/#stagingRepositories and find the repository, usually
+in the name like ``comgoogle-123``. Verify that the staging repository has all
+the binaries, close and release this repository.
+
+## Upload zip packages to github release page.
+After uploading protoc artifacts to Maven Central repository, run the
+build-zip.sh script to bulid zip packages for these protoc binaries
+and upload these zip packages to the download section of the github
+release. For example:
+
+```
+$ ./build-zip.sh protoc 3.6.0
+```
+
+The above command will create 7 zip files:
+
+```
+dist/protoc-3.6.0-win32.zip
+dist/protoc-3.6.0-osx-x86_32.zip
+dist/protoc-3.6.0-osx-x86_64.zip
+dist/protoc-3.6.0-linux-x86_32.zip
+dist/protoc-3.6.0-linux-x86_64.zip
+dist/protoc-3.6.0-linux-aarch_64.zip
+dist/protoc-3.6.0-linux-ppcle_64.zip
+dist/protoc-3.6.0-linux-s390x_64.zip
+```
+
+Before running the script, make sure the artifacts are accessible from:
+http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/google/protobuf/protoc/
+
+## Tested build environments
+We have successfully built artifacts on the following environments:
+- Linux x86_32 and x86_64:
+  - Centos 6.9 (within Docker 1.6.1)
+  - Ubuntu 14.04.5 64-bit
+- Linux aarch_64: Cross compiled with `g++-aarch64-linux-gnu` on Ubuntu 14.04.5 64-bit
+- Mac OS X x86_32 and x86_64: Mac OS X 10.9.5
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/build-protoc.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/build-protoc.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6ad2ea1a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/build-protoc.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Builds protoc executable into target/<OS>/<ARCH>/protoc.exe; optionally builds
+# protoc plugins into target/<OS>/<ARCH>/protoc-gen-*.exe
+#
+# Usage: ./build-protoc.sh <OS> <ARCH> <TARGET>
+#
+# <TARGET> can be "protoc" or "protoc-gen-javalite". Supported <OS> <ARCH>
+# combinations:
+#   HOST   <OS>    <ARCH>   <COMMENT>
+#   cygwin windows x86_32   Requires: i686-w64-mingw32-gcc
+#   cygwin windows x86_64   Requires: x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc
+#   linux  linux   aarch_64 Requires: g++-aarch64-linux-gnu
+#   linux  linux   x86_32
+#   linux  linux   x86_64
+#   linux  windows x86_32   Requires: i686-w64-mingw32-gcc
+#   linux  windows x86_64   Requires: x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc
+#   macos  osx     x86_32
+#   macos  osx     x86_64
+#   mingw  windows x86_32
+#   mingw  windows x86_64
+#
+# Before running this script, make sure you have generated the configure script
+# in the parent directory (i.e., run ./autogen.sh there).
+
+OS=$1
+ARCH=$2
+MAKE_TARGET=$3
+
+if [[ $# < 3 ]]; then
+  echo "Not enough arguments provided."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+case $MAKE_TARGET in
+  protoc-gen-javalite)
+    ;;
+  protoc)
+    ;;
+  *)
+    echo "Target ""$MAKE_TARGET"" invalid."
+    exit 1
+esac
+
+# Under Cygwin, bash doesn't have these in PATH when called from Maven which
+# runs in Windows version of Java.
+export PATH="/bin:/usr/bin:$PATH"
+
+############################################################################
+# Helper functions
+############################################################################
+E_PARAM_ERR=98
+E_ASSERT_FAILED=99
+
+# Usage:
+fail()
+{
+  echo "ERROR: $1"
+  echo
+  exit $E_ASSERT_FAILED
+}
+
+# Usage: assertEq VAL1 VAL2 $LINENO
+assertEq ()
+{
+  lineno=$3
+  if [ -z "$lineno" ]; then
+    echo "lineno not given"
+    exit $E_PARAM_ERR
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$1" != "$2" ]]; then
+    echo "Assertion failed:  \"$1\" == \"$2\""
+    echo "File \"$0\", line $lineno"    # Give name of file and line number.
+    exit $E_ASSERT_FAILED
+  fi
+}
+
+# Checks the artifact is for the expected architecture
+# Usage: checkArch <path-to-protoc>
+checkArch ()
+{
+  echo
+  echo "Checking file format ..."
+  if [[ "$OS" == windows || "$OS" == linux ]]; then
+    format="$(objdump -f "$1" | grep -o "file format .*$" | grep -o "[^ ]*$")"
+    echo Format=$format
+    if [[ "$OS" == linux ]]; then
+      host_machine="$(uname -m)";
+      if [[ "$ARCH" == x86_32 ]]; then
+        assertEq $format "elf32-i386" $LINENO
+      elif [[ "$ARCH" == x86_64 ]]; then
+        assertEq $format "elf64-x86-64" $LINENO
+      elif [[ "$ARCH" == aarch_64 ]]; then
+        assertEq $format "elf64-little" $LINENO
+      elif [[ "$ARCH" == s390x_64 ]]; then
+	if [[ $host_machine == s390x ]];then
+	  assertEq $format "elf64-s390" $LINENO
+	else
+          assertEq $format "elf64-big" $LINENO
+	fi
+      elif [[ "$ARCH" == ppcle_64 ]]; then
+	if [[ $host_machine == ppc64le ]];then
+	  assertEq $format "elf64-powerpcle" $LINENO
+	else
+          assertEq $format "elf64-little" $LINENO
+	fi
+      else
+        fail "Unsupported arch: $ARCH"
+      fi
+    else
+      # $OS == windows
+      if [[ "$ARCH" == x86_32 ]]; then
+        assertEq $format "pei-i386" $LINENO
+      elif [[ "$ARCH" == x86_64 ]]; then
+        assertEq $format "pei-x86-64" $LINENO
+      else
+        fail "Unsupported arch: $ARCH"
+      fi
+    fi
+  elif [[ "$OS" == osx ]]; then
+    format="$(file -b "$1" | grep -o "[^ ]*$")"
+    echo Format=$format
+    if [[ "$ARCH" == x86_32 ]]; then
+      assertEq $format "i386" $LINENO
+    elif [[ "$ARCH" == x86_64 ]]; then
+      assertEq $format "x86_64" $LINENO
+    else
+      fail "Unsupported arch: $ARCH"
+    fi
+  else
+    fail "Unsupported system: $OS"
+  fi
+  echo
+}
+
+# Checks the dependencies of the artifact. Artifacts should only depend on
+# system libraries.
+# Usage: checkDependencies <path-to-protoc>
+checkDependencies ()
+{
+  if [[ "$OS" == windows ]]; then
+    dump_cmd='objdump -x '"$1"' | fgrep "DLL Name"'
+    white_list="KERNEL32\.dll\|msvcrt\.dll"
+  elif [[ "$OS" == linux ]]; then
+    host_machine="$(uname -m)";
+    dump_cmd='ldd '"$1"
+    if [[ "$ARCH" == x86_32 ]]; then
+      white_list="linux-gate\.so\.1\|libpthread\.so\.0\|libm\.so\.6\|libc\.so\.6\|ld-linux\.so\.2"
+    elif [[ "$ARCH" == x86_64 ]]; then
+      white_list="linux-vdso\.so\.1\|libpthread\.so\.0\|libm\.so\.6\|libc\.so\.6\|ld-linux-x86-64\.so\.2"
+    elif [[ "$ARCH" == s390x_64 ]]; then
+      if [[ $host_machine != s390x ]];then
+        dump_cmd='objdump -p '"$1"' | grep NEEDED'
+      fi
+      white_list="linux-vdso64\.so\.1\|libpthread\.so\.0\|libm\.so\.6\|libc\.so\.6\|libz\.so\.1\|ld64\.so\.1"
+    elif [[ "$ARCH" == ppcle_64 ]]; then
+      if [[ $host_machine != ppc64le ]];then
+        dump_cmd='objdump -p '"$1"' | grep NEEDED'
+      fi
+      white_list="linux-vdso64\.so\.1\|libpthread\.so\.0\|libm\.so\.6\|libc\.so\.6\|libz\.so\.1\|ld64\.so\.2"
+    elif [[ "$ARCH" == aarch_64 ]]; then
+      dump_cmd='objdump -p '"$1"' | grep NEEDED'
+      white_list="libpthread\.so\.0\|libm\.so\.6\|libc\.so\.6\|ld-linux-aarch64\.so\.1"
+    fi
+  elif [[ "$OS" == osx ]]; then
+    dump_cmd='otool -L '"$1"' | fgrep dylib'
+    white_list="libz\.1\.dylib\|libstdc++\.6\.dylib\|libSystem\.B\.dylib"
+  fi
+  if [[ -z "$white_list" || -z "$dump_cmd" ]]; then
+    fail "Unsupported platform $OS-$ARCH."
+  fi
+  echo "Checking for expected dependencies ..."
+  eval $dump_cmd | grep -i "$white_list" || fail "doesn't show any expected dependencies"
+  echo "Checking for unexpected dependencies ..."
+  eval $dump_cmd | grep -i -v "$white_list"
+  ret=$?
+  if [[ $ret == 0 ]]; then
+    fail "found unexpected dependencies (listed above)."
+  elif [[ $ret != 1 ]]; then
+    fail "Error when checking dependencies."
+  fi  # grep returns 1 when "not found", which is what we expect
+  echo "Dependencies look good."
+  echo
+}
+############################################################################
+
+echo "Building protoc, OS=$OS ARCH=$ARCH TARGET=$MAKE_TARGET"
+
+CONFIGURE_ARGS="--disable-shared"
+
+if [[ "$OS" == windows ]]; then
+  MAKE_TARGET="${MAKE_TARGET}.exe"
+fi
+
+# Override the default value set in configure.ac that has '-g' which produces
+# huge binary.
+CXXFLAGS="-DNDEBUG"
+LDFLAGS=""
+
+if [[ "$(uname)" == CYGWIN* ]]; then
+  assertEq "$OS" windows $LINENO
+  # Use mingw32 compilers because executables produced by Cygwin compiler
+  # always have dependency on Cygwin DLL.
+  if [[ "$ARCH" == x86_64 ]]; then
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32"
+  elif [[ "$ARCH" == x86_32 ]]; then
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --host=i686-pc-mingw32"
+  else
+    fail "Unsupported arch by CYGWIN: $ARCH"
+  fi
+elif [[ "$(uname)" == MINGW32* ]]; then
+  assertEq "$OS" windows $LINENO
+  assertEq "$ARCH" x86_32 $LINENO
+elif [[ "$(uname)" == MINGW64* ]]; then
+  assertEq "$OS" windows $LINENO
+  assertEq "$ARCH" x86_64 $LINENO
+elif [[ "$(uname)" == Linux* ]]; then
+  if [[ "$OS" == linux ]]; then
+    if [[ "$ARCH" == x86_64 ]]; then
+      CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -m64"
+    elif [[ "$ARCH" == x86_32 ]]; then
+      CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -m32"
+    elif [[ "$ARCH" == aarch_64 ]]; then
+      CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --host=aarch64-linux-gnu"
+    elif [[ "$ARCH" == ppcle_64 ]]; then
+      CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -m64"
+      CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --host=powerpc64le-linux-gnu"
+    elif [[ "$ARCH" == s390x_64 ]]; then
+      CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -m64"
+      CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --host=s390x-linux-gnu"
+    else
+      fail "Unsupported arch: $ARCH"
+    fi
+  elif [[ "$OS" == windows ]]; then
+    # Cross-compilation for Windows
+    CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS"
+    if [[ "$ARCH" == x86_64 ]]; then
+      CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32"
+    elif [[ "$ARCH" == x86_32 ]]; then
+      CONFIGURE_ARGS="$CONFIGURE_ARGS --host=i686-w64-mingw32"
+    else
+      fail "Unsupported arch: $ARCH"
+    fi
+  else
+    fail "Cannot build $OS on $(uname)"
+  fi
+elif [[ "$(uname)" == Darwin* ]]; then
+  assertEq "$OS" osx $LINENO
+  # Make the binary compatible with OSX 10.7 and later
+  CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -mmacosx-version-min=10.7"
+  if [[ "$ARCH" == x86_64 ]]; then
+    CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -m64"
+  elif [[ "$ARCH" == x86_32 ]]; then
+    CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -m32"
+  else
+    fail "Unsupported arch: $ARCH"
+  fi
+else
+  fail "Unsupported system: $(uname)"
+fi
+
+# Statically link libgcc and libstdc++.
+# -s to produce stripped binary.
+if [[ "$OS" == windows ]]; then
+  # Also static link libpthread required by mingw64
+  LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++ -Wl,-Bstatic -lstdc++ -lpthread -s"
+elif [[ "$OS" != osx ]]; then
+  # And they don't work under Mac.
+  LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++ -s"
+fi
+
+export CXXFLAGS LDFLAGS
+
+# Nested double quotes are unintuitive, but it works.
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"
+
+WORKING_DIR="$(pwd)"
+BUILD_DIR="build/$OS/$ARCH"
+TARGET_FILE="target/$OS/$ARCH/$MAKE_TARGET.exe"
+
+mkdir -p "$BUILD_DIR" && cd "$BUILD_DIR" &&
+  ../../../../configure $CONFIGURE_ARGS &&
+  cd src && make $MAKE_TARGET -j8 &&
+  cd "$WORKING_DIR" && mkdir -p $(dirname $TARGET_FILE) &&
+  cp $BUILD_DIR/src/$MAKE_TARGET $TARGET_FILE ||
+  exit 1
+
+if [[ "$OS" == osx ]]; then
+  # Since Mac linker doesn't accept "-s", we need to run strip
+  strip $TARGET_FILE || exit 1
+fi
+
+checkArch $TARGET_FILE && checkDependencies $TARGET_FILE
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/build-zip.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/build-zip.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b5bf70a5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/build-zip.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
+  cat <<EOF
+Usage: $0 <TARGET> <VERSION_NUMBER>
+
+TARGET: protoc | protoc-gen-javalite
+
+Example:
+  $ $0 protoc 3.0.0
+  $ $0 protoc-gen-javalite 3.0.0
+
+This script will download pre-built protoc or protoc plugin binaries from maven
+repository and create .zip packages suitable to be included in the github
+release page. If the target is protoc, well-known type .proto files will also be
+included. Each invocation will create 8 zip packages:
+  dist/<TARGET>-<VERSION_NUMBER>-win32.zip
+  dist/<TARGET>-<VERSION_NUMBER>-win64.zip
+  dist/<TARGET>-<VERSION_NUMBER>-osx-x86_64.zip
+  dist/<TARGET>-<VERSION_NUMBER>-linux-x86_32.zip
+  dist/<TARGET>-<VERSION_NUMBER>-linux-x86_64.zip
+  dist/<TARGET>-<VERSION_NUMBER>-linux-aarch_64.zip
+  dist/<TARGET>-<VERSION_NUMBER>-linux-ppcle_64.zip
+  dist/<TARGET>-<VERSION_NUMBER>-linux-s390x_64.zip
+EOF
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+TARGET=$1
+VERSION_NUMBER=$2
+
+# <zip file name> <binary file name> pairs.
+declare -a FILE_NAMES=( \
+  win32.zip windows-x86_32.exe \
+  win64.zip windows-x86_64.exe \
+  osx-x86_64.zip osx-x86_64.exe \
+  linux-x86_32.zip linux-x86_32.exe \
+  linux-x86_64.zip linux-x86_64.exe \
+  linux-aarch_64.zip linux-aarch_64.exe \
+  linux-ppcle_64.zip linux-ppcle_64.exe \
+  linux-s390x_64.zip linux-s390x_64.exe \
+)
+
+# List of all well-known types to be included.
+declare -a WELL_KNOWN_TYPES=(           \
+  google/protobuf/descriptor.proto      \
+  google/protobuf/any.proto             \
+  google/protobuf/api.proto             \
+  google/protobuf/duration.proto        \
+  google/protobuf/empty.proto           \
+  google/protobuf/field_mask.proto      \
+  google/protobuf/source_context.proto  \
+  google/protobuf/struct.proto          \
+  google/protobuf/timestamp.proto       \
+  google/protobuf/type.proto            \
+  google/protobuf/wrappers.proto        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto \
+)
+
+set -e
+
+# A temporary working directory to put all files.
+DIR=$(mktemp -d)
+
+# Copy over well-known types.
+mkdir -p ${DIR}/include/google/protobuf/compiler
+for PROTO in ${WELL_KNOWN_TYPES[@]}; do
+  cp -f ../src/${PROTO} ${DIR}/include/${PROTO}
+done
+
+# Create a readme file.
+cat <<EOF > ${DIR}/readme.txt
+Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+
+This package contains a precompiled binary version of the protocol buffer
+compiler (protoc). This binary is intended for users who want to use Protocol
+Buffers in languages other than C++ but do not want to compile protoc
+themselves. To install, simply place this binary somewhere in your PATH.
+
+If you intend to use the included well known types then don't forget to
+copy the contents of the 'include' directory somewhere as well, for example
+into '/usr/local/include/'.
+
+Please refer to our official github site for more installation instructions:
+  https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf
+EOF
+
+mkdir -p dist
+mkdir -p ${DIR}/bin
+# Create a zip file for each binary.
+for((i=0;i<${#FILE_NAMES[@]};i+=2));do
+  ZIP_NAME=${FILE_NAMES[$i]}
+  if [ ${ZIP_NAME:0:3} = "win" ]; then
+    BINARY="$TARGET.exe"
+  else
+    BINARY="$TARGET"
+  fi
+  BINARY_NAME=${FILE_NAMES[$(($i+1))]}
+  BINARY_URL=https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/google/protobuf/$TARGET/${VERSION_NUMBER}/$TARGET-${VERSION_NUMBER}-${BINARY_NAME}
+  if ! wget ${BINARY_URL} -O ${DIR}/bin/$BINARY &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "[ERROR] Failed to download ${BINARY_URL}" >&2
+    echo "[ERROR] Skipped $TARGET-${VERSION_NAME}-${ZIP_NAME}" >&2
+    continue
+  fi
+  TARGET_ZIP_FILE=`pwd`/dist/$TARGET-${VERSION_NUMBER}-${ZIP_NAME}
+  pushd $DIR &> /dev/null
+  chmod +x bin/$BINARY
+  if [ "$TARGET" = "protoc" ]; then
+    zip -r ${TARGET_ZIP_FILE} include bin readme.txt &> /dev/null
+  else
+    zip -r ${TARGET_ZIP_FILE} bin &> /dev/null
+  fi
+  rm  bin/$BINARY
+  popd &> /dev/null
+  echo "[INFO] Successfully created ${TARGET_ZIP_FILE}"
+done
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/pom.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32cbc6530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>com.google</groupId>
+    <artifactId>google</artifactId>
+    <version>1</version>
+  </parent>
+  <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+  <artifactId>protoc</artifactId>
+  <version>3.11.4</version>
+  <packaging>pom</packaging>
+  <name>Protobuf Compiler</name>
+  <description>
+    Protobuf Compiler (protoc) is a compiler for .proto files. It generates
+    language-specific code for Protobuf messages and RPC interfaces.
+  </description>
+  <inceptionYear>2008</inceptionYear>
+  <url>https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/</url>
+  <licenses>
+    <license>
+      <name>3-Clause BSD License</name>
+      <url>https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause</url>
+      <distribution>repo</distribution>
+    </license>
+  </licenses>
+  <scm>
+    <url>https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf</url>
+    <connection>
+      scm:git:https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf.git
+    </connection>
+  </scm>
+  <build>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
+        <artifactId>build-helper-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+        <version>1.8</version>
+        <executions>
+          <execution>
+            <id>attach-artifacts</id>
+            <phase>package</phase>
+            <goals>
+              <goal>attach-artifact</goal>
+            </goals>
+            <configuration>
+              <artifacts>
+                <artifact>
+                  <file>${basedir}/target/linux/x86_64/protoc.exe</file>
+                  <classifier>linux-x86_64</classifier>
+                  <type>exe</type>
+                </artifact>
+                <artifact>
+                  <file>${basedir}/target/linux/x86_32/protoc.exe</file>
+                  <classifier>linux-x86_32</classifier>
+                  <type>exe</type>
+                </artifact>
+                <artifact>
+                  <file>${basedir}/target/windows/x86_64/protoc.exe</file>
+                  <classifier>windows-x86_64</classifier>
+                  <type>exe</type>
+                </artifact>
+                <artifact>
+                  <file>${basedir}/target/windows/x86_32/protoc.exe</file>
+                  <classifier>windows-x86_32</classifier>
+                  <type>exe</type>
+                </artifact>
+                <artifact>
+                  <file>${basedir}/target/osx/x86_64/protoc.exe</file>
+                  <classifier>osx-x86_64</classifier>
+                  <type>exe</type>
+                </artifact>
+                <artifact>
+                  <file>${basedir}/target/linux/aarch_64/protoc.exe</file>
+                  <classifier>linux-aarch_64</classifier>
+                  <type>exe</type>
+                </artifact>
+                <artifact>
+                  <file>${basedir}/target/linux/ppcle_64/protoc.exe</file>
+                  <classifier>linux-ppcle_64</classifier>
+                  <type>exe</type>
+	  	</artifact>
+                <artifact>
+                  <file>${basedir}/target/linux/s390x_64/protoc.exe</file>
+                  <classifier>linux-s390x_64</classifier>
+                  <type>exe</type>
+                </artifact>
+              </artifacts>
+            </configuration>
+          </execution>
+        </executions>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+  <profiles>
+    <profile>
+      <id>release</id>
+      <properties>
+        <!-- Specify the staging repository to deploy to. This can be left
+             empty for the first deployment, and Sonatype will create one. For
+             subsequent deployments it should be set to what Sonatype has
+             created, so that all deployments will go to the same repository.
+             -->
+        <staging.repository/>
+      </properties>
+      <build>
+        <plugins>
+          <plugin>
+            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+            <artifactId>maven-gpg-plugin</artifactId>
+            <version>1.5</version>
+            <executions>
+              <execution>
+                <id>sign-artifacts</id>
+                <phase>verify</phase>
+                <goals>
+                  <goal>sign</goal>
+                </goals>
+              </execution>
+            </executions>
+          </plugin>
+          <plugin>
+            <groupId>org.sonatype.plugins</groupId>
+            <artifactId>nexus-staging-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+            <version>1.6.3</version>
+            <extensions>true</extensions>
+            <configuration>
+               <serverId>sonatype-nexus-staging</serverId>
+               <nexusUrl>https://oss.sonatype.org/</nexusUrl>
+               <skipStagingRepositoryClose>true</skipStagingRepositoryClose>
+               <autoReleaseAfterClose>false</autoReleaseAfterClose>
+               <stagingRepositoryId>${staging.repository}</stagingRepositoryId>
+            </configuration>
+          </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+      </build>
+    </profile>
+  </profiles>
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/scl-enable-devtoolset.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/scl-enable-devtoolset.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..30895585f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/protoc-artifacts/scl-enable-devtoolset.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -eu -o pipefail
+
+quote() {
+  local arg
+  for arg in "$@"; do
+    printf "'"
+    printf "%s" "$arg" | sed -e "s/'/'\\\\''/g"
+    printf "' "
+  done
+}
+
+exec scl enable devtoolset-2 "$(quote "$@")"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/MANIFEST.in b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/MANIFEST.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5fb01922a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/MANIFEST.in
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+prune google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package
+exclude google/protobuf/internal/*_pb2.py
+exclude google/protobuf/internal/*_test.py
+exclude google/protobuf/internal/*.proto
+exclude google/protobuf/internal/test_util.py
+
+recursive-include google *.cc
+recursive-include google *.h
+
+recursive-exclude google *_test.py
+recursive-exclude google *_test.proto
+recursive-exclude google unittest*_pb2.py
+
+global-exclude *.dll
+global-exclude *.pyc
+global-exclude *.pyo
+global-exclude *.so
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f7e03131
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+===================================================
+
+[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython%2Fcontinuous) [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python_compatibility.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython_compatibility%2Fcontinuous) [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-python_cpp.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fpython_cpp%2Fcontinuous) [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-python.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fpython%2Fcontinuous) [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-python_cpp.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fpython_cpp%2Fcontinuous) [![Compat check PyPI](https://python-compatibility-tools.appspot.com/one_badge_image?package=protobuf)](https://python-compatibility-tools.appspot.com/one_badge_target?package=protobuf)
+
+Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+
+This directory contains the Python Protocol Buffers runtime library.
+
+Normally, this directory comes as part of the protobuf package, available
+from:
+
+  https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+
+The complete package includes the C++ source code, which includes the
+Protocol Compiler (protoc).  If you downloaded this package from PyPI
+or some other Python-specific source, you may have received only the
+Python part of the code.  In this case, you will need to obtain the
+Protocol Compiler from some other source before you can use this
+package.
+
+Development Warning
+===================
+
+The Python implementation of Protocol Buffers is not as mature as the C++
+and Java implementations.  It may be more buggy, and it is known to be
+pretty slow at this time.  If you would like to help fix these issues,
+join the Protocol Buffers discussion list and let us know!
+
+Installation
+============
+
+1) Make sure you have Python 2.7 or newer.  If in doubt, run:
+
+       $ python -V
+
+2) If you do not have setuptools installed, note that it will be
+   downloaded and installed automatically as soon as you run `setup.py`.
+   If you would rather install it manually, you may do so by following
+   the instructions on [this page](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing.html#setup-for-installing-packages).
+
+3) Build the C++ code, or install a binary distribution of `protoc`.  If
+   you install a binary distribution, make sure that it is the same
+   version as this package.  If in doubt, run:
+
+       $ protoc --version
+
+4) Build and run the tests:
+
+       $ python setup.py build
+       $ python setup.py test
+
+   To build, test, and use the C++ implementation, you must first compile
+   `libprotobuf.so`:
+
+       $ (cd .. && make)
+
+   On OS X:
+
+   If you are running a Homebrew-provided Python, you must make sure another
+   version of protobuf is not already installed, as Homebrew's Python will
+   search `/usr/local/lib` for `libprotobuf.so` before it searches
+   `../src/.libs`.
+
+   You can either unlink Homebrew's protobuf or install the `libprotobuf` you
+   built earlier:
+
+       $ brew unlink protobuf
+
+   or
+
+       $ (cd .. && make install)
+
+    On other *nix:
+
+    You must make `libprotobuf.so` dynamically available. You can either
+    install libprotobuf you built earlier, or set `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`:
+
+       $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=../src/.libs
+
+    or
+
+       $ (cd .. && make install)
+
+   To build the C++ implementation run:
+
+       $ python setup.py build --cpp_implementation
+
+   Then run the tests like so:
+
+       $ python setup.py test --cpp_implementation
+
+   If some tests fail, this library may not work correctly on your
+   system.  Continue at your own risk.
+
+   Please note that there is a known problem with some versions of
+   Python on Cygwin which causes the tests to fail after printing the
+   error:  `sem_init: Resource temporarily unavailable`.  This appears
+   to be a [bug either in Cygwin or in
+   Python](http://www.cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2005-07/msg01378.html).
+
+   We do not know if or when it might be fixed.  We also do not know
+   how likely it is that this bug will affect users in practice.
+
+5) Install:
+
+       $ python setup.py install
+
+   or:
+
+       $ (cd .. && make install)
+       $ python setup.py install --cpp_implementation
+
+   This step may require superuser privileges.
+   NOTE: To use C++ implementation, you need to export an environment
+   variable before running your program.  See the "C++ Implementation"
+   section below for more details.
+
+Usage
+=====
+
+The complete documentation for Protocol Buffers is available via the
+web at:
+
+  https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+
+C++ Implementation
+==================
+
+The C++ implementation for Python messages is built as a Python extension to
+improve the overall protobuf Python performance.
+
+To use the C++ implementation, you need to install the C++ protobuf runtime
+library, please see instructions in the parent directory.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f55e037f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: matthewtoia@google.com (Matt Toia)
+
+
+package google.protobuf.python.internal;
+
+
+enum Factory1Enum {
+  FACTORY_1_VALUE_0 = 0;
+  FACTORY_1_VALUE_1 = 1;
+}
+
+message Factory1Message {
+  optional Factory1Enum factory_1_enum = 1;
+  enum NestedFactory1Enum {
+    NESTED_FACTORY_1_VALUE_0 = 0;
+    NESTED_FACTORY_1_VALUE_1 = 1;
+  }
+  optional NestedFactory1Enum nested_factory_1_enum = 2;
+  message NestedFactory1Message {
+    optional string value = 1;
+  }
+  optional NestedFactory1Message nested_factory_1_message = 3;
+  optional int32 scalar_value = 4;
+  repeated string list_value = 5;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3ce4d7f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: matthewtoia@google.com (Matt Toia)
+
+
+package google.protobuf.python.internal;
+
+import "google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto";
+
+
+enum Factory2Enum {
+  FACTORY_2_VALUE_0 = 0;
+  FACTORY_2_VALUE_1 = 1;
+}
+
+message Factory2Message {
+  required int32 mandatory = 1;
+  optional Factory2Enum factory_2_enum = 2;
+  enum NestedFactory2Enum {
+    NESTED_FACTORY_2_VALUE_0 = 0;
+    NESTED_FACTORY_2_VALUE_1 = 1;
+  }
+  optional NestedFactory2Enum nested_factory_2_enum = 3;
+  message NestedFactory2Message {
+    optional string value = 1;
+  }
+  optional NestedFactory2Message nested_factory_2_message = 4;
+  optional Factory1Message factory_1_message = 5;
+  optional Factory1Enum factory_1_enum = 6;
+  optional Factory1Message.NestedFactory1Enum nested_factory_1_enum = 7;
+  optional Factory1Message.NestedFactory1Message nested_factory_1_message = 8;
+  optional Factory2Message circular_message = 9;
+  optional string scalar_value = 10;
+  repeated string list_value = 11;
+  repeated group Grouped = 12 {
+    optional string part_1 = 13;
+    optional string part_2 = 14;
+  }
+  optional LoopMessage loop = 15;
+  optional int32 int_with_default = 16 [default = 1776];
+  optional double double_with_default = 17 [default = 9.99];
+  optional string string_with_default = 18 [default = "hello world"];
+  optional bool bool_with_default = 19 [default = false];
+  optional Factory2Enum enum_with_default = 20 [default = FACTORY_2_VALUE_1];
+}
+
+message LoopMessage {
+  optional Factory2Message loop = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2d970104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)
+
+
+package google.protobuf.internal;
+
+
+message TopLevelMessage {
+  optional ExtendedMessage submessage = 1;
+}
+
+
+message ExtendedMessage {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+
+message ForeignMessage {
+  optional int32 foreign_message_int = 1;
+}
+
+
+extend ExtendedMessage {
+  optional int32 optional_int_extension = 1;
+  optional ForeignMessage optional_message_extension = 2;
+
+  repeated int32 repeated_int_extension = 3;
+  repeated ForeignMessage repeated_message_extension = 4;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions_dynamic.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions_dynamic.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df98ac4bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions_dynamic.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jasonh@google.com (Jason Hsueh)
+//
+// This file is used to test a corner case in the CPP implementation where the
+// generated C++ type is available for the extendee, but the extension is
+// defined in a file whose C++ type is not in the binary.
+
+
+import "google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions.proto";
+
+package google.protobuf.internal;
+
+message DynamicMessageType {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+}
+
+extend ExtendedMessage {
+  optional int32 dynamic_int32_extension = 100;
+  optional DynamicMessageType dynamic_message_extension = 101;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_messages.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_messages.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c701b4460
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_messages.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)
+
+
+package google.protobuf.internal;
+
+// A message where tag numbers are listed out of order, to allow us to test our
+// canonicalization of serialized output, which should always be in tag order.
+// We also mix in some extensions for extra fun.
+message OutOfOrderFields {
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+  extensions 4 to 4;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+  extensions 2 to 2;
+  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+};
+
+
+extend OutOfOrderFields {
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/test_bad_identifiers.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/test_bad_identifiers.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a82299a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/test_bad_identifiers.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option py_generic_services = true;
+
+message TestBadIdentifiers {
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+// Make sure these reasonable extension names don't conflict with internal
+// variables.
+extend TestBadIdentifiers {
+  optional string message = 100 [default="foo"];
+  optional string descriptor = 101 [default="bar"];
+  optional string reflection = 102 [default="baz"];
+  optional string service = 103 [default="qux"];
+}
+
+message AnotherMessage {}
+service AnotherService {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a785f79fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,620 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// The messages in this file describe the definitions found in .proto files.
+// A valid .proto file can be translated directly to a FileDescriptorProto
+// without any other information (e.g. without reading its imports).
+
+
+
+package google.protobuf;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "DescriptorProtos";
+
+// descriptor.proto must be optimized for speed because reflection-based
+// algorithms don't work during bootstrapping.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+// The protocol compiler can output a FileDescriptorSet containing the .proto
+// files it parses.
+message FileDescriptorSet {
+  repeated FileDescriptorProto file = 1;
+}
+
+// Describes a complete .proto file.
+message FileDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;       // file name, relative to root of source tree
+  optional string package = 2;    // e.g. "foo", "foo.bar", etc.
+
+  // Names of files imported by this file.
+  repeated string dependency = 3;
+  // Indexes of the public imported files in the dependency list above.
+  repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;
+  // Indexes of the weak imported files in the dependency list.
+  // For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+  repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;
+
+  // All top-level definitions in this file.
+  repeated DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+  repeated EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;
+  repeated ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;
+  repeated FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;
+
+  optional FileOptions options = 8;
+
+  // This field contains optional information about the original source code.
+  // You may safely remove this entire field whithout harming runtime
+  // functionality of the descriptors -- the information is needed only by
+  // development tools.
+  optional SourceCodeInfo source_code_info = 9;
+}
+
+// Describes a message type.
+message DescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+
+  repeated FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+  repeated FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;
+
+  repeated DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;
+  repeated EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;
+
+  message ExtensionRange {
+    optional int32 start = 1;
+    optional int32 end = 2;
+  }
+  repeated ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;
+
+  optional MessageOptions options = 7;
+}
+
+// Describes a field within a message.
+message FieldDescriptorProto {
+  enum Type {
+    // 0 is reserved for errors.
+    // Order is weird for historical reasons.
+    TYPE_DOUBLE         = 1;
+    TYPE_FLOAT          = 2;
+    // Not ZigZag encoded.  Negative numbers take 10 bytes.  Use TYPE_SINT64 if
+    // negative values are likely.
+    TYPE_INT64          = 3;
+    TYPE_UINT64         = 4;
+    // Not ZigZag encoded.  Negative numbers take 10 bytes.  Use TYPE_SINT32 if
+    // negative values are likely.
+    TYPE_INT32          = 5;
+    TYPE_FIXED64        = 6;
+    TYPE_FIXED32        = 7;
+    TYPE_BOOL           = 8;
+    TYPE_STRING         = 9;
+    TYPE_GROUP          = 10;  // Tag-delimited aggregate.
+    TYPE_MESSAGE        = 11;  // Length-delimited aggregate.
+
+    // New in version 2.
+    TYPE_BYTES          = 12;
+    TYPE_UINT32         = 13;
+    TYPE_ENUM           = 14;
+    TYPE_SFIXED32       = 15;
+    TYPE_SFIXED64       = 16;
+    TYPE_SINT32         = 17;  // Uses ZigZag encoding.
+    TYPE_SINT64         = 18;  // Uses ZigZag encoding.
+  };
+
+  enum Label {
+    // 0 is reserved for errors
+    LABEL_OPTIONAL      = 1;
+    LABEL_REQUIRED      = 2;
+    LABEL_REPEATED      = 3;
+    // TODO(sanjay): Should we add LABEL_MAP?
+  };
+
+  optional string name = 1;
+  optional int32 number = 3;
+  optional Label label = 4;
+
+  // If type_name is set, this need not be set.  If both this and type_name
+  // are set, this must be either TYPE_ENUM or TYPE_MESSAGE.
+  optional Type type = 5;
+
+  // For message and enum types, this is the name of the type.  If the name
+  // starts with a '.', it is fully-qualified.  Otherwise, C++-like scoping
+  // rules are used to find the type (i.e. first the nested types within this
+  // message are searched, then within the parent, on up to the root
+  // namespace).
+  optional string type_name = 6;
+
+  // For extensions, this is the name of the type being extended.  It is
+  // resolved in the same manner as type_name.
+  optional string extendee = 2;
+
+  // For numeric types, contains the original text representation of the value.
+  // For booleans, "true" or "false".
+  // For strings, contains the default text contents (not escaped in any way).
+  // For bytes, contains the C escaped value.  All bytes >= 128 are escaped.
+  // TODO(kenton):  Base-64 encode?
+  optional string default_value = 7;
+
+  optional FieldOptions options = 8;
+}
+
+// Describes an enum type.
+message EnumDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+
+  repeated EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;
+
+  optional EnumOptions options = 3;
+}
+
+// Describes a value within an enum.
+message EnumValueDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+  optional int32 number = 2;
+
+  optional EnumValueOptions options = 3;
+}
+
+// Describes a service.
+message ServiceDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+  repeated MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;
+
+  optional ServiceOptions options = 3;
+}
+
+// Describes a method of a service.
+message MethodDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+
+  // Input and output type names.  These are resolved in the same way as
+  // FieldDescriptorProto.type_name, but must refer to a message type.
+  optional string input_type = 2;
+  optional string output_type = 3;
+
+  optional MethodOptions options = 4;
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Options
+
+// Each of the definitions above may have "options" attached.  These are
+// just annotations which may cause code to be generated slightly differently
+// or may contain hints for code that manipulates protocol messages.
+//
+// Clients may define custom options as extensions of the *Options messages.
+// These extensions may not yet be known at parsing time, so the parser cannot
+// store the values in them.  Instead it stores them in a field in the *Options
+// message called uninterpreted_option. This field must have the same name
+// across all *Options messages. We then use this field to populate the
+// extensions when we build a descriptor, at which point all protos have been
+// parsed and so all extensions are known.
+//
+// Extension numbers for custom options may be chosen as follows:
+// * For options which will only be used within a single application or
+//   organization, or for experimental options, use field numbers 50000
+//   through 99999.  It is up to you to ensure that you do not use the
+//   same number for multiple options.
+// * For options which will be published and used publicly by multiple
+//   independent entities, e-mail protobuf-global-extension-registry@google.com
+//   to reserve extension numbers. Simply provide your project name (e.g.
+//   Object-C plugin) and your porject website (if available) -- there's no need
+//   to explain how you intend to use them. Usually you only need one extension
+//   number. You can declare multiple options with only one extension number by
+//   putting them in a sub-message. See the Custom Options section of the docs
+//   for examples:
+//   http://code.google.com/apis/protocolbuffers/docs/proto.html#options
+//   If this turns out to be popular, a web service will be set up
+//   to automatically assign option numbers.
+
+
+message FileOptions {
+
+  // Sets the Java package where classes generated from this .proto will be
+  // placed.  By default, the proto package is used, but this is often
+  // inappropriate because proto packages do not normally start with backwards
+  // domain names.
+  optional string java_package = 1;
+
+
+  // If set, all the classes from the .proto file are wrapped in a single
+  // outer class with the given name.  This applies to both Proto1
+  // (equivalent to the old "--one_java_file" option) and Proto2 (where
+  // a .proto always translates to a single class, but you may want to
+  // explicitly choose the class name).
+  optional string java_outer_classname = 8;
+
+  // If set true, then the Java code generator will generate a separate .java
+  // file for each top-level message, enum, and service defined in the .proto
+  // file.  Thus, these types will *not* be nested inside the outer class
+  // named by java_outer_classname.  However, the outer class will still be
+  // generated to contain the file's getDescriptor() method as well as any
+  // top-level extensions defined in the file.
+  optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default=false];
+
+  // If set true, then the Java code generator will generate equals() and
+  // hashCode() methods for all messages defined in the .proto file. This is
+  // purely a speed optimization, as the AbstractMessage base class includes
+  // reflection-based implementations of these methods.
+  optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [default=false];
+
+  // Generated classes can be optimized for speed or code size.
+  enum OptimizeMode {
+    SPEED = 1;        // Generate complete code for parsing, serialization,
+                      // etc.
+    CODE_SIZE = 2;    // Use ReflectionOps to implement these methods.
+    LITE_RUNTIME = 3; // Generate code using MessageLite and the lite runtime.
+  }
+  optional OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default=SPEED];
+
+  // Sets the Go package where structs generated from this .proto will be
+  // placed.  There is no default.
+  optional string go_package = 11;
+
+
+
+  // Should generic services be generated in each language?  "Generic" services
+  // are not specific to any particular RPC system.  They are generated by the
+  // main code generators in each language (without additional plugins).
+  // Generic services were the only kind of service generation supported by
+  // early versions of proto2.
+  //
+  // Generic services are now considered deprecated in favor of using plugins
+  // that generate code specific to your particular RPC system.  Therefore,
+  // these default to false.  Old code which depends on generic services should
+  // explicitly set them to true.
+  optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default=false];
+  optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default=false];
+  optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default=false];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message MessageOptions {
+  // Set true to use the old proto1 MessageSet wire format for extensions.
+  // This is provided for backwards-compatibility with the MessageSet wire
+  // format.  You should not use this for any other reason:  It's less
+  // efficient, has fewer features, and is more complicated.
+  //
+  // The message must be defined exactly as follows:
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  //     extensions 4 to max;
+  //   }
+  // Note that the message cannot have any defined fields; MessageSets only
+  // have extensions.
+  //
+  // All extensions of your type must be singular messages; e.g. they cannot
+  // be int32s, enums, or repeated messages.
+  //
+  // Because this is an option, the above two restrictions are not enforced by
+  // the protocol compiler.
+  optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default=false];
+
+  // Disables the generation of the standard "descriptor()" accessor, which can
+  // conflict with a field of the same name.  This is meant to make migration
+  // from proto1 easier; new code should avoid fields named "descriptor".
+  optional bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor = 2 [default=false];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message FieldOptions {
+  // The ctype option instructs the C++ code generator to use a different
+  // representation of the field than it normally would.  See the specific
+  // options below.  This option is not yet implemented in the open source
+  // release -- sorry, we'll try to include it in a future version!
+  optional CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];
+  enum CType {
+    // Default mode.
+    STRING = 0;
+
+    CORD = 1;
+
+    STRING_PIECE = 2;
+  }
+  // The packed option can be enabled for repeated primitive fields to enable
+  // a more efficient representation on the wire. Rather than repeatedly
+  // writing the tag and type for each element, the entire array is encoded as
+  // a single length-delimited blob.
+  optional bool packed = 2;
+
+
+
+  // Should this field be parsed lazily?  Lazy applies only to message-type
+  // fields.  It means that when the outer message is initially parsed, the
+  // inner message's contents will not be parsed but instead stored in encoded
+  // form.  The inner message will actually be parsed when it is first accessed.
+  //
+  // This is only a hint.  Implementations are free to choose whether to use
+  // eager or lazy parsing regardless of the value of this option.  However,
+  // setting this option true suggests that the protocol author believes that
+  // using lazy parsing on this field is worth the additional bookkeeping
+  // overhead typically needed to implement it.
+  //
+  // This option does not affect the public interface of any generated code;
+  // all method signatures remain the same.  Furthermore, thread-safety of the
+  // interface is not affected by this option; const methods remain safe to
+  // call from multiple threads concurrently, while non-const methods continue
+  // to require exclusive access.
+  //
+  //
+  // Note that implementations may choose not to check required fields within
+  // a lazy sub-message.  That is, calling IsInitialized() on the outher message
+  // may return true even if the inner message has missing required fields.
+  // This is necessary because otherwise the inner message would have to be
+  // parsed in order to perform the check, defeating the purpose of lazy
+  // parsing.  An implementation which chooses not to check required fields
+  // must be consistent about it.  That is, for any particular sub-message, the
+  // implementation must either *always* check its required fields, or *never*
+  // check its required fields, regardless of whether or not the message has
+  // been parsed.
+  optional bool lazy = 5 [default=false];
+
+  // Is this field deprecated?
+  // Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+  // for accessors, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+  // is a formalization for deprecating fields.
+  optional bool deprecated = 3 [default=false];
+
+  // EXPERIMENTAL.  DO NOT USE.
+  // For "map" fields, the name of the field in the enclosed type that
+  // is the key for this map.  For example, suppose we have:
+  //   message Item {
+  //     required string name = 1;
+  //     required string value = 2;
+  //   }
+  //   message Config {
+  //     repeated Item items = 1 [experimental_map_key="name"];
+  //   }
+  // In this situation, the map key for Item will be set to "name".
+  // TODO: Fully-implement this, then remove the "experimental_" prefix.
+  optional string experimental_map_key = 9;
+
+  // For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+  optional bool weak = 10 [default=false];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message EnumOptions {
+
+  // Set this option to false to disallow mapping different tag names to a same
+  // value.
+  optional bool allow_alias = 2 [default=true];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message EnumValueOptions {
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message ServiceOptions {
+
+  // Note:  Field numbers 1 through 32 are reserved for Google's internal RPC
+  //   framework.  We apologize for hoarding these numbers to ourselves, but
+  //   we were already using them long before we decided to release Protocol
+  //   Buffers.
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message MethodOptions {
+
+  // Note:  Field numbers 1 through 32 are reserved for Google's internal RPC
+  //   framework.  We apologize for hoarding these numbers to ourselves, but
+  //   we were already using them long before we decided to release Protocol
+  //   Buffers.
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+
+// A message representing a option the parser does not recognize. This only
+// appears in options protos created by the compiler::Parser class.
+// DescriptorPool resolves these when building Descriptor objects. Therefore,
+// options protos in descriptor objects (e.g. returned by Descriptor::options(),
+// or produced by Descriptor::CopyTo()) will never have UninterpretedOptions
+// in them.
+message UninterpretedOption {
+  // The name of the uninterpreted option.  Each string represents a segment in
+  // a dot-separated name.  is_extension is true iff a segment represents an
+  // extension (denoted with parentheses in options specs in .proto files).
+  // E.g.,{ ["foo", false], ["bar.baz", true], ["qux", false] } represents
+  // "foo.(bar.baz).qux".
+  message NamePart {
+    required string name_part = 1;
+    required bool is_extension = 2;
+  }
+  repeated NamePart name = 2;
+
+  // The value of the uninterpreted option, in whatever type the tokenizer
+  // identified it as during parsing. Exactly one of these should be set.
+  optional string identifier_value = 3;
+  optional uint64 positive_int_value = 4;
+  optional int64 negative_int_value = 5;
+  optional double double_value = 6;
+  optional bytes string_value = 7;
+  optional string aggregate_value = 8;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Optional source code info
+
+// Encapsulates information about the original source file from which a
+// FileDescriptorProto was generated.
+message SourceCodeInfo {
+  // A Location identifies a piece of source code in a .proto file which
+  // corresponds to a particular definition.  This information is intended
+  // to be useful to IDEs, code indexers, documentation generators, and similar
+  // tools.
+  //
+  // For example, say we have a file like:
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     optional string foo = 1;
+  //   }
+  // Let's look at just the field definition:
+  //   optional string foo = 1;
+  //   ^       ^^     ^^  ^  ^^^
+  //   a       bc     de  f  ghi
+  // We have the following locations:
+  //   span   path               represents
+  //   [a,i)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0 ]     The whole field definition.
+  //   [a,b)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 4 ]  The label (optional).
+  //   [c,d)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 5 ]  The type (string).
+  //   [e,f)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 1 ]  The name (foo).
+  //   [g,h)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 3 ]  The number (1).
+  //
+  // Notes:
+  // - A location may refer to a repeated field itself (i.e. not to any
+  //   particular index within it).  This is used whenever a set of elements are
+  //   logically enclosed in a single code segment.  For example, an entire
+  //   extend block (possibly containing multiple extension definitions) will
+  //   have an outer location whose path refers to the "extensions" repeated
+  //   field without an index.
+  // - Multiple locations may have the same path.  This happens when a single
+  //   logical declaration is spread out across multiple places.  The most
+  //   obvious example is the "extend" block again -- there may be multiple
+  //   extend blocks in the same scope, each of which will have the same path.
+  // - A location's span is not always a subset of its parent's span.  For
+  //   example, the "extendee" of an extension declaration appears at the
+  //   beginning of the "extend" block and is shared by all extensions within
+  //   the block.
+  // - Just because a location's span is a subset of some other location's span
+  //   does not mean that it is a descendent.  For example, a "group" defines
+  //   both a type and a field in a single declaration.  Thus, the locations
+  //   corresponding to the type and field and their components will overlap.
+  // - Code which tries to interpret locations should probably be designed to
+  //   ignore those that it doesn't understand, as more types of locations could
+  //   be recorded in the future.
+  repeated Location location = 1;
+  message Location {
+    // Identifies which part of the FileDescriptorProto was defined at this
+    // location.
+    //
+    // Each element is a field number or an index.  They form a path from
+    // the root FileDescriptorProto to the place where the definition.  For
+    // example, this path:
+    //   [ 4, 3, 2, 7, 1 ]
+    // refers to:
+    //   file.message_type(3)  // 4, 3
+    //       .field(7)         // 2, 7
+    //       .name()           // 1
+    // This is because FileDescriptorProto.message_type has field number 4:
+    //   repeated DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+    // and DescriptorProto.field has field number 2:
+    //   repeated FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+    // and FieldDescriptorProto.name has field number 1:
+    //   optional string name = 1;
+    //
+    // Thus, the above path gives the location of a field name.  If we removed
+    // the last element:
+    //   [ 4, 3, 2, 7 ]
+    // this path refers to the whole field declaration (from the beginning
+    // of the label to the terminating semicolon).
+    repeated int32 path = 1 [packed=true];
+
+    // Always has exactly three or four elements: start line, start column,
+    // end line (optional, otherwise assumed same as start line), end column.
+    // These are packed into a single field for efficiency.  Note that line
+    // and column numbers are zero-based -- typically you will want to add
+    // 1 to each before displaying to a user.
+    repeated int32 span = 2 [packed=true];
+
+    // If this SourceCodeInfo represents a complete declaration, these are any
+    // comments appearing before and after the declaration which appear to be
+    // attached to the declaration.
+    //
+    // A series of line comments appearing on consecutive lines, with no other
+    // tokens appearing on those lines, will be treated as a single comment.
+    //
+    // Only the comment content is provided; comment markers (e.g. //) are
+    // stripped out.  For block comments, leading whitespace and an asterisk
+    // will be stripped from the beginning of each line other than the first.
+    // Newlines are included in the output.
+    //
+    // Examples:
+    //
+    //   optional int32 foo = 1;  // Comment attached to foo.
+    //   // Comment attached to bar.
+    //   optional int32 bar = 2;
+    //
+    //   optional string baz = 3;
+    //   // Comment attached to baz.
+    //   // Another line attached to baz.
+    //
+    //   // Comment attached to qux.
+    //   //
+    //   // Another line attached to qux.
+    //   optional double qux = 4;
+    //
+    //   optional string corge = 5;
+    //   /* Block comment attached
+    //    * to corge.  Leading asterisks
+    //    * will be removed. */
+    //   /* Block comment attached to
+    //    * grault. */
+    //   optional int32 grault = 6;
+    optional string leading_comments = 3;
+    optional string trailing_comments = 4;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6eb2d86f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,719 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file we will use for unit testing.
+
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// Protos optimized for SPEED use a strict superset of the generated code
+// of equivalent ones optimized for CODE_SIZE, so we should optimize all our
+// tests for speed unless explicitly testing code size optimization.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option java_outer_classname = "UnittestProto";
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    optional int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage                        optional_nested_message  = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage optional_import_message  = 20;
+
+  optional NestedEnum                           optional_nested_enum     = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    optional_import_enum     = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+      optional_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  optional NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated NestedMessage                        repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage repeated_import_message  = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum                           repeated_nested_enum     = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    repeated_import_enum     = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32 = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64 = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional NestedEnum  default_nested_enum  = 81 [default = BAR        ];
+  optional ForeignEnum default_foreign_enum = 82 [default = FOREIGN_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+      default_import_enum = 83 [default = IMPORT_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord = 85 [ctype=CORD,default="123"];
+}
+
+message TestDeprecatedFields {
+  optional int32 deprecated_int32 = 1 [deprecated=true];
+}
+
+// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+// that.
+message ForeignMessage {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+message TestAllExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensions {
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32_extension    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64_extension    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32_extension   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64_extension   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32_extension   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64_extension   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32_extension  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64_extension  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32_extension =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64_extension = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float_extension    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double_extension   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool_extension     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string_extension   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes_extension    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup_extension = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage optional_nested_message_extension = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessage optional_foreign_message_extension = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage
+    optional_import_message_extension = 20;
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedEnum optional_nested_enum_extension = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnum optional_foreign_enum_extension = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+    optional_import_enum_extension = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece_extension = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord_extension = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+    optional_public_import_message_extension = 26;
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage
+    optional_lazy_message_extension = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32_extension    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64_extension    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32_extension   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64_extension   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32_extension   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64_extension   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32_extension  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64_extension  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32_extension = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64_extension = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float_extension    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double_extension   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool_extension     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string_extension   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes_extension    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup_extension = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedMessage repeated_nested_message_extension = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage repeated_foreign_message_extension = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage
+    repeated_import_message_extension = 50;
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum_extension = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum repeated_foreign_enum_extension = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+    repeated_import_enum_extension = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece_extension = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord_extension = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedMessage
+    repeated_lazy_message_extension = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32_extension    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64_extension    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32_extension   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64_extension   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32_extension   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64_extension   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32_extension  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64_extension  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32_extension = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64_extension = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float_extension    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double_extension   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool_extension     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string_extension   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes_extension    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedEnum
+    default_nested_enum_extension = 81 [default = BAR];
+  optional ForeignEnum
+    default_foreign_enum_extension = 82 [default = FOREIGN_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+    default_import_enum_extension = 83 [default = IMPORT_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece_extension = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,
+                                                       default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord_extension = 85 [ctype=CORD, default="123"];
+}
+
+message TestNestedExtension {
+  extend TestAllExtensions {
+    // Check for bug where string extensions declared in tested scope did not
+    // compile.
+    optional string test = 1002 [default="test"];
+  }
+}
+
+// We have separate messages for testing required fields because it's
+// annoying to have to fill in required fields in TestProto in order to
+// do anything with it.  Note that we don't need to test every type of
+// required filed because the code output is basically identical to
+// optional fields for all types.
+message TestRequired {
+  required int32 a = 1;
+  optional int32 dummy2 = 2;
+  required int32 b = 3;
+
+  extend TestAllExtensions {
+    optional TestRequired single = 1000;
+    repeated TestRequired multi  = 1001;
+  }
+
+  // Pad the field count to 32 so that we can test that IsInitialized()
+  // properly checks multiple elements of has_bits_.
+  optional int32 dummy4  =  4;
+  optional int32 dummy5  =  5;
+  optional int32 dummy6  =  6;
+  optional int32 dummy7  =  7;
+  optional int32 dummy8  =  8;
+  optional int32 dummy9  =  9;
+  optional int32 dummy10 = 10;
+  optional int32 dummy11 = 11;
+  optional int32 dummy12 = 12;
+  optional int32 dummy13 = 13;
+  optional int32 dummy14 = 14;
+  optional int32 dummy15 = 15;
+  optional int32 dummy16 = 16;
+  optional int32 dummy17 = 17;
+  optional int32 dummy18 = 18;
+  optional int32 dummy19 = 19;
+  optional int32 dummy20 = 20;
+  optional int32 dummy21 = 21;
+  optional int32 dummy22 = 22;
+  optional int32 dummy23 = 23;
+  optional int32 dummy24 = 24;
+  optional int32 dummy25 = 25;
+  optional int32 dummy26 = 26;
+  optional int32 dummy27 = 27;
+  optional int32 dummy28 = 28;
+  optional int32 dummy29 = 29;
+  optional int32 dummy30 = 30;
+  optional int32 dummy31 = 31;
+  optional int32 dummy32 = 32;
+
+  required int32 c = 33;
+}
+
+message TestRequiredForeign {
+  optional TestRequired optional_message = 1;
+  repeated TestRequired repeated_message = 2;
+  optional int32 dummy = 3;
+}
+
+// Test that we can use NestedMessage from outside TestAllTypes.
+message TestForeignNested {
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage foreign_nested = 1;
+}
+
+// TestEmptyMessage is used to test unknown field support.
+message TestEmptyMessage {
+}
+
+// Like above, but declare all field numbers as potential extensions.  No
+// actual extensions should ever be defined for this type.
+message TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message TestMultipleExtensionRanges {
+  extensions 42;
+  extensions 4143 to 4243;
+  extensions 65536 to max;
+}
+
+// Test that really large tag numbers don't break anything.
+message TestReallyLargeTagNumber {
+  // The largest possible tag number is 2^28 - 1, since the wire format uses
+  // three bits to communicate wire type.
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional int32 bb = 268435455;
+}
+
+message TestRecursiveMessage {
+  optional TestRecursiveMessage a = 1;
+  optional int32 i = 2;
+}
+
+// Test that mutual recursion works.
+message TestMutualRecursionA {
+  optional TestMutualRecursionB bb = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMutualRecursionB {
+  optional TestMutualRecursionA a = 1;
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 2;
+}
+
+// Test that groups have disjoint field numbers from their siblings and
+// parents.  This is NOT possible in proto1; only proto2.  When attempting
+// to compile with proto1, this will emit an error; so we only include it
+// in protobuf_unittest_proto.
+message TestDupFieldNumber {                        // NO_PROTO1
+  optional int32 a = 1;                             // NO_PROTO1
+  optional group Foo = 2 { optional int32 a = 1; }  // NO_PROTO1
+  optional group Bar = 3 { optional int32 a = 1; }  // NO_PROTO1
+}                                                   // NO_PROTO1
+
+// Additional messages for testing lazy fields.
+message TestEagerMessage {
+  optional TestAllTypes sub_message = 1 [lazy=false];
+}
+message TestLazyMessage {
+  optional TestAllTypes sub_message = 1 [lazy=true];
+}
+
+// Needed for a Python test.
+message TestNestedMessageHasBits {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    repeated int32 nestedmessage_repeated_int32 = 1;
+    repeated ForeignMessage nestedmessage_repeated_foreignmessage = 2;
+  }
+  optional NestedMessage optional_nested_message = 1;
+}
+
+
+// Test an enum that has multiple values with the same number.
+enum TestEnumWithDupValue {
+  option allow_alias = true;
+  FOO1 = 1;
+  BAR1 = 2;
+  BAZ = 3;
+  FOO2 = 1;
+  BAR2 = 2;
+}
+
+// Test an enum with large, unordered values.
+enum TestSparseEnum {
+  SPARSE_A = 123;
+  SPARSE_B = 62374;
+  SPARSE_C = 12589234;
+  SPARSE_D = -15;
+  SPARSE_E = -53452;
+  SPARSE_F = 0;
+  SPARSE_G = 2;
+}
+
+// Test message with CamelCase field names.  This violates Protocol Buffer
+// standard style.
+message TestCamelCaseFieldNames {
+  optional int32 PrimitiveField = 1;
+  optional string StringField = 2;
+  optional ForeignEnum EnumField = 3;
+  optional ForeignMessage MessageField = 4;
+  optional string StringPieceField = 5 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string CordField = 6 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated int32 RepeatedPrimitiveField = 7;
+  repeated string RepeatedStringField = 8;
+  repeated ForeignEnum RepeatedEnumField = 9;
+  repeated ForeignMessage RepeatedMessageField = 10;
+  repeated string RepeatedStringPieceField = 11 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string RepeatedCordField = 12 [ctype=CORD];
+}
+
+
+// We list fields out of order, to ensure that we're using field number and not
+// field index to determine serialization order.
+message TestFieldOrderings {
+  optional string my_string = 11;
+  extensions 2 to 10;
+  optional int64 my_int = 1;
+  extensions 12 to 100;
+  optional float my_float = 101;
+}
+
+
+extend TestFieldOrderings {
+  optional string my_extension_string = 50;
+  optional int32 my_extension_int = 5;
+}
+
+
+message TestExtremeDefaultValues {
+  optional bytes escaped_bytes = 1 [default = "\0\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'\"\xfe"];
+  optional uint32 large_uint32 = 2 [default = 0xFFFFFFFF];
+  optional uint64 large_uint64 = 3 [default = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF];
+  optional  int32 small_int32  = 4 [default = -0x7FFFFFFF];
+  optional  int64 small_int64  = 5 [default = -0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF];
+  optional  int32 really_small_int32 = 21 [default = -0x80000000];
+  optional  int64 really_small_int64 = 22 [default = -0x8000000000000000];
+
+  // The default value here is UTF-8 for "\u1234".  (We could also just type
+  // the UTF-8 text directly into this text file rather than escape it, but
+  // lots of people use editors that would be confused by this.)
+  optional string utf8_string = 6 [default = "\341\210\264"];
+
+  // Tests for single-precision floating-point values.
+  optional float zero_float = 7 [default = 0];
+  optional float one_float = 8 [default = 1];
+  optional float small_float = 9 [default = 1.5];
+  optional float negative_one_float = 10 [default = -1];
+  optional float negative_float = 11 [default = -1.5];
+  // Using exponents
+  optional float large_float = 12 [default = 2E8];
+  optional float small_negative_float = 13 [default = -8e-28];
+
+  // Text for nonfinite floating-point values.
+  optional double inf_double = 14 [default = inf];
+  optional double neg_inf_double = 15 [default = -inf];
+  optional double nan_double = 16 [default = nan];
+  optional float inf_float = 17 [default = inf];
+  optional float neg_inf_float = 18 [default = -inf];
+  optional float nan_float = 19 [default = nan];
+
+  // Tests for C++ trigraphs.
+  // Trigraphs should be escaped in C++ generated files, but they should not be
+  // escaped for other languages.
+  // Note that in .proto file, "\?" is a valid way to escape ? in string
+  // literals.
+  optional string cpp_trigraph = 20 [default = "? \? ?? \?? \??? ??/ ?\?-"];
+
+  // String defaults containing the character '\000'
+  optional string string_with_zero       = 23 [default = "hel\000lo"];
+  optional  bytes bytes_with_zero        = 24 [default = "wor\000ld"];
+  optional string string_piece_with_zero = 25 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,
+                                               default="ab\000c"];
+  optional string cord_with_zero         = 26 [ctype=CORD,
+                                               default="12\0003"];
+}
+
+message SparseEnumMessage {
+  optional TestSparseEnum sparse_enum = 1;
+}
+
+// Test String and Bytes: string is for valid UTF-8 strings
+message OneString {
+  optional string data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreString {
+  repeated string data = 1;
+}
+
+message OneBytes {
+  optional bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreBytes {
+  repeated bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+
+// Test messages for packed fields
+
+message TestPackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// A message with the same fields as TestPackedTypes, but without packing. Used
+// to test packed <-> unpacked wire compatibility.
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 unpacked_int32    =  90 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 unpacked_int64    =  91 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 unpacked_uint32   =  92 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 unpacked_uint64   =  93 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 unpacked_sint32   =  94 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 unpacked_sint64   =  95 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 unpacked_fixed32  =  96 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 unpacked_fixed64  =  97 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 unpacked_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 unpacked_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float unpacked_float    = 100 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double unpacked_double   = 101 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool unpacked_bool     = 102 [packed = false];
+  repeated ForeignEnum unpacked_enum  = 103 [packed = false];
+}
+
+message TestPackedExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestPackedExtensions {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32_extension    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64_extension    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32_extension   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64_extension   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32_extension   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64_extension   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32_extension  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64_extension  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32_extension =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64_extension =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float_extension    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double_extension   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool_extension     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum_extension  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// Used by ExtensionSetTest/DynamicExtensions.  The test actually builds
+// a set of extensions to TestAllExtensions dynamically, based on the fields
+// of this message type.
+message TestDynamicExtensions {
+  enum DynamicEnumType {
+    DYNAMIC_FOO = 2200;
+    DYNAMIC_BAR = 2201;
+    DYNAMIC_BAZ = 2202;
+  }
+  message DynamicMessageType {
+    optional int32 dynamic_field = 2100;
+  }
+
+  optional fixed32 scalar_extension = 2000;
+  optional ForeignEnum enum_extension = 2001;
+  optional DynamicEnumType dynamic_enum_extension = 2002;
+
+  optional ForeignMessage message_extension = 2003;
+  optional DynamicMessageType dynamic_message_extension = 2004;
+
+  repeated string repeated_extension = 2005;
+  repeated sint32 packed_extension = 2006 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes {
+  // Parsing repeated fixed size values used to fail. This message needs to be
+  // used in order to get a tag of the right size; all of the repeated fields
+  // in TestAllTypes didn't trigger the check.
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 12;
+  // Check for a varint type, just for good measure.
+  repeated int32   repeated_int32   = 13;
+
+  // These have two-byte tags.
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 2046;
+  repeated int64   repeated_int64   = 2047;
+
+  // Three byte tags.
+  repeated float   repeated_float   = 262142;
+  repeated uint64  repeated_uint64  = 262143;
+}
+
+// Test that if an optional or required message/group field appears multiple
+// times in the input, they need to be merged.
+message TestParsingMerge {
+  // RepeatedFieldsGenerator defines matching field types as TestParsingMerge,
+  // except that all fields are repeated. In the tests, we will serialize the
+  // RepeatedFieldsGenerator to bytes, and parse the bytes to TestParsingMerge.
+  // Repeated fields in RepeatedFieldsGenerator are expected to be merged into
+  // the corresponding required/optional fields in TestParsingMerge.
+  message RepeatedFieldsGenerator {
+    repeated TestAllTypes field1 = 1;
+    repeated TestAllTypes field2 = 2;
+    repeated TestAllTypes field3 = 3;
+    repeated group Group1 = 10 {
+      optional TestAllTypes field1 = 11;
+    }
+    repeated group Group2 = 20 {
+      optional TestAllTypes field1 = 21;
+    }
+    repeated TestAllTypes ext1 = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypes ext2 = 1001;
+  }
+  required TestAllTypes required_all_types = 1;
+  optional TestAllTypes optional_all_types = 2;
+  repeated TestAllTypes repeated_all_types = 3;
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 10 {
+    optional TestAllTypes optional_group_all_types = 11;
+  }
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 20 {
+    optional TestAllTypes repeated_group_all_types = 21;
+  }
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+  extend TestParsingMerge {
+    optional TestAllTypes optional_ext = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypes repeated_ext = 1001;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestCommentInjectionMessage {
+  // */ <- This should not close the generated doc comment
+  optional string a = 1 [default="*/ <- Neither should this."];
+}
+
+
+// Test that RPC services work.
+message FooRequest  {}
+message FooResponse {}
+
+message FooClientMessage {}
+message FooServerMessage{}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Foo(FooRequest) returns (FooResponse);
+  rpc Bar(BarRequest) returns (BarResponse);
+}
+
+
+message BarRequest  {}
+message BarResponse {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e591d2944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: benjy@google.com (Benjy Weinberger)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file used to test the "custom options" feature of proto2.
+
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;
+
+// A custom file option (defined below).
+option (file_opt1) = 9876543210;
+
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+
+// Some simple test custom options of various types.
+
+extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+  optional uint64 file_opt1 = 7736974;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  optional int32 message_opt1 = 7739036;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
+  optional fixed64 field_opt1 = 7740936;
+  // This is useful for testing that we correctly register default values for
+  // extension options.
+  optional int32 field_opt2 = 7753913 [default=42];
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.EnumOptions {
+  optional sfixed32 enum_opt1 = 7753576;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions {
+  optional int32 enum_value_opt1 = 1560678;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.ServiceOptions {
+  optional sint64 service_opt1 = 7887650;
+}
+
+enum MethodOpt1 {
+  METHODOPT1_VAL1 = 1;
+  METHODOPT1_VAL2 = 2;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MethodOptions {
+  optional MethodOpt1 method_opt1 = 7890860;
+}
+
+// A test message with custom options at all possible locations (and also some
+// regular options, to make sure they interact nicely).
+message TestMessageWithCustomOptions {
+  option message_set_wire_format = false;
+
+  option (message_opt1) = -56;
+
+  optional string field1 = 1 [ctype=CORD,
+                              (field_opt1)=8765432109];
+
+  enum AnEnum {
+    option (enum_opt1) = -789;
+
+    ANENUM_VAL1 = 1;
+    ANENUM_VAL2 = 2 [(enum_value_opt1) = 123];
+  }
+}
+
+
+// A test RPC service with custom options at all possible locations (and also
+// some regular options, to make sure they interact nicely).
+message CustomOptionFooRequest {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooResponse {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooClientMessage {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooServerMessage {
+}
+
+service TestServiceWithCustomOptions {
+  option (service_opt1) = -9876543210;
+
+  rpc Foo(CustomOptionFooRequest) returns (CustomOptionFooResponse) {
+    option (method_opt1) = METHODOPT1_VAL2;
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+// Options of every possible field type, so we can test them all exhaustively.
+
+message DummyMessageContainingEnum {
+  enum TestEnumType {
+    TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE1 = 22;
+    TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE2 = -23;
+  }
+}
+
+message DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType {
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  optional         bool     bool_opt = 7706090;
+  optional        int32    int32_opt = 7705709;
+  optional        int64    int64_opt = 7705542;
+  optional       uint32   uint32_opt = 7704880;
+  optional       uint64   uint64_opt = 7702367;
+  optional       sint32   sint32_opt = 7701568;
+  optional       sint64   sint64_opt = 7700863;
+  optional      fixed32  fixed32_opt = 7700307;
+  optional      fixed64  fixed64_opt = 7700194;
+  optional     sfixed32 sfixed32_opt = 7698645;
+  optional     sfixed64 sfixed64_opt = 7685475;
+  optional        float    float_opt = 7675390;
+  optional       double   double_opt = 7673293;
+  optional       string   string_opt = 7673285;
+  optional        bytes    bytes_opt = 7673238;
+  optional DummyMessageContainingEnum.TestEnumType enum_opt = 7673233;
+  optional DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType message_type_opt = 7665967;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionMinIntegerValues {
+  option     (bool_opt) = false;
+  option    (int32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option    (int64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+  option   (uint32_opt) = 0;
+  option   (uint64_opt) = 0;
+  option   (sint32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option   (sint64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+  option  (fixed32_opt) = 0;
+  option  (fixed64_opt) = 0;
+  option (sfixed32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option (sfixed64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues {
+  option     (bool_opt) = true;
+  option    (int32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option    (int64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (uint32_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (uint64_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (sint32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option   (sint64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option  (fixed32_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  option  (fixed64_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option (sfixed32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option (sfixed64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionOtherValues {
+  option  (int32_opt) = -100;  // To test sign-extension.
+  option  (float_opt) = 12.3456789;
+  option (double_opt) = 1.234567890123456789;
+  option (string_opt) = "Hello, \"World\"";
+  option  (bytes_opt) = "Hello\0World";
+  option   (enum_opt) = TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE2;
+}
+
+message SettingRealsFromPositiveInts {
+  option  (float_opt) = 12;
+  option (double_opt) = 154;
+}
+
+message SettingRealsFromNegativeInts {
+  option  (float_opt) = -12;
+  option  (double_opt) = -154;
+}
+
+// Options of complex message types, themselves combined and extended in
+// various ways.
+
+message ComplexOptionType1 {
+  optional int32 foo = 1;
+  optional int32 foo2 = 2;
+  optional int32 foo3 = 3;
+
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message ComplexOptionType2 {
+  optional ComplexOptionType1 bar = 1;
+  optional int32 baz = 2;
+
+  message ComplexOptionType4 {
+    optional int32 waldo = 1;
+
+    extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+      optional ComplexOptionType4 complex_opt4 = 7633546;
+    }
+  }
+
+  optional ComplexOptionType4 fred = 3;
+
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message ComplexOptionType3 {
+  optional int32 qux = 1;
+
+  optional group ComplexOptionType5 = 2 {
+    optional int32 plugh = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+extend ComplexOptionType1 {
+  optional int32 quux = 7663707;
+  optional ComplexOptionType3 corge = 7663442;
+}
+
+extend ComplexOptionType2 {
+  optional int32 grault = 7650927;
+  optional ComplexOptionType1 garply = 7649992;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  optional protobuf_unittest.ComplexOptionType1 complex_opt1 = 7646756;
+  optional ComplexOptionType2 complex_opt2 = 7636949;
+  optional ComplexOptionType3 complex_opt3 = 7636463;
+  optional group ComplexOpt6 = 7595468 {
+    optional int32 xyzzy = 7593951;
+  }
+}
+
+// Note that we try various different ways of naming the same extension.
+message VariousComplexOptions {
+  option (.protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).foo = 42;
+  option (protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).(.protobuf_unittest.quux) = 324;
+  option (.protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).(protobuf_unittest.corge).qux = 876;
+  option (complex_opt2).baz = 987;
+  option (complex_opt2).(grault) = 654;
+  option (complex_opt2).bar.foo = 743;
+  option (complex_opt2).bar.(quux) = 1999;
+  option (complex_opt2).bar.(protobuf_unittest.corge).qux = 2008;
+  option (complex_opt2).(garply).foo = 741;
+  option (complex_opt2).(garply).(.protobuf_unittest.quux) = 1998;
+  option (complex_opt2).(protobuf_unittest.garply).(corge).qux = 2121;
+  option (ComplexOptionType2.ComplexOptionType4.complex_opt4).waldo = 1971;
+  option (complex_opt2).fred.waldo = 321;
+  option (protobuf_unittest.complex_opt3).qux = 9;
+  option (complex_opt3).complexoptiontype5.plugh = 22;
+  option (complexopt6).xyzzy = 24;
+}
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------
+// Definitions for testing aggregate option parsing.
+// See descriptor_unittest.cc.
+
+message AggregateMessageSet {
+  option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  extensions 4 to max;
+}
+
+message AggregateMessageSetElement {
+  extend AggregateMessageSet {
+    optional AggregateMessageSetElement message_set_extension = 15447542;
+  }
+  optional string s = 1;
+}
+
+// A helper type used to test aggregate option parsing
+message Aggregate {
+  optional int32 i = 1;
+  optional string s = 2;
+
+  // A nested object
+  optional Aggregate sub = 3;
+
+  // To test the parsing of extensions inside aggregate values
+  optional google.protobuf.FileOptions file = 4;
+  extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+    optional Aggregate nested = 15476903;
+  }
+
+  // An embedded message set
+  optional AggregateMessageSet mset = 5;
+}
+
+// Allow Aggregate to be used as an option at all possible locations
+// in the .proto grammer.
+extend google.protobuf.FileOptions      { optional Aggregate fileopt    = 15478479; }
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions   { optional Aggregate msgopt     = 15480088; }
+extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions     { optional Aggregate fieldopt   = 15481374; }
+extend google.protobuf.EnumOptions      { optional Aggregate enumopt    = 15483218; }
+extend google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions { optional Aggregate enumvalopt = 15486921; }
+extend google.protobuf.ServiceOptions   { optional Aggregate serviceopt = 15497145; }
+extend google.protobuf.MethodOptions    { optional Aggregate methodopt  = 15512713; }
+
+// Try using AggregateOption at different points in the proto grammar
+option (fileopt) = {
+  s: 'FileAnnotation'
+  // Also test the handling of comments
+  /* of both types */ i: 100
+
+  sub { s: 'NestedFileAnnotation' }
+
+  // Include a google.protobuf.FileOptions and recursively extend it with
+  // another fileopt.
+  file {
+    [protobuf_unittest.fileopt] {
+      s:'FileExtensionAnnotation'
+    }
+  }
+
+  // A message set inside an option value
+  mset {
+    [protobuf_unittest.AggregateMessageSetElement.message_set_extension] {
+      s: 'EmbeddedMessageSetElement'
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+message AggregateMessage {
+  option (msgopt) = { i:101 s:'MessageAnnotation' };
+  optional int32 fieldname = 1 [(fieldopt) = { s:'FieldAnnotation' }];
+}
+
+service AggregateService {
+  option (serviceopt) = { s:'ServiceAnnotation' };
+  rpc Method (AggregateMessage) returns (AggregateMessage) {
+    option (methodopt) = { s:'MethodAnnotation' };
+  }
+}
+
+enum AggregateEnum {
+  option (enumopt) = { s:'EnumAnnotation' };
+  VALUE = 1 [(enumvalopt) = { s:'EnumValueAnnotation' }];
+}
+
+// Test custom options for nested type.
+message NestedOptionType {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    option (message_opt1) = 1001;
+    optional int32 nested_field = 1 [(field_opt1) = 1002];
+  }
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    option (enum_opt1) = 1003;
+    NESTED_ENUM_VALUE = 1 [(enum_value_opt1) = 1004];
+  }
+  extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+    optional int32 nested_extension = 7912573 [(field_opt2) = 1005];
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c115b1117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file which is imported by unittest.proto to test importing.
+
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do
+// "using namespace unittest_import = protobuf_unittest_import".
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+// Excercise the java_package option.
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+
+// Do not set a java_outer_classname here to verify that Proto2 works without
+// one.
+
+// Test public import
+import public "google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto";
+
+message ImportMessage {
+  optional int32 d = 1;
+}
+
+enum ImportEnum {
+  IMPORT_FOO = 7;
+  IMPORT_BAR = 8;
+  IMPORT_BAZ = 9;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea5d1b13f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+
+
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+
+message PublicImportMessage {
+  optional int32 e = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3497f09fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file contains messages for testing message_set_wire_format.
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+// A message with message_set_wire_format.
+message TestMessageSet {
+  option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  extensions 4 to max;
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetContainer {
+  optional TestMessageSet message_set = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetExtension1 {
+  extend TestMessageSet {
+    optional TestMessageSetExtension1 message_set_extension = 1545008;
+  }
+  optional int32 i = 15;
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetExtension2 {
+  extend TestMessageSet {
+    optional TestMessageSetExtension2 message_set_extension = 1547769;
+  }
+  optional string str = 25;
+}
+
+// MessageSet wire format is equivalent to this.
+message RawMessageSet {
+  repeated group Item = 1 {
+    required int32 type_id = 2;
+    required bytes message = 3;
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cffb4122c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+package google.protobuf.no_generic_services_test;
+
+// *_generic_services are false by default.
+
+message TestMessage {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  FOO = 1;
+}
+
+extend TestMessage {
+  optional int32 test_extension = 1000;
+}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Foo(TestMessage) returns(TestMessage);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/setup.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/setup.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bf6753673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+import glob
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+from setuptools import setup, Extension, find_packages
+
+if sys.version_info[0] == 3:
+  # Python 3
+  from distutils.command.build_py import build_py_2to3 as _build_py
+else:
+  # Python 2
+  from distutils.command.build_py import build_py as _build_py
+from distutils.spawn import find_executable
+
+def generate_proto(source, code_gen):
+  """Invokes the Protocol Compiler to generate a _pb2.py from the given
+  .proto file."""
+  output = source.replace(".proto", "_pb2.py").replace("protos/src/proto/", "").replace("protos/python/", "")
+
+  if not os.path.exists(source):
+    sys.stderr.write("Can't find required file: %s\n" % source)
+    sys.exit(-1)
+
+  protoc_command = [ code_gen, "-Iprotos/src/proto", "-Iprotos/python", "--python_out=.", source ]
+  if subprocess.call(protoc_command) != 0:
+    sys.exit(-1)
+
+class build_py(_build_py):
+  def run(self):
+    # generate .proto file
+    protoc_1 = "./protoc_1"
+    protoc_2 = "./protoc_2"
+    generate_proto("protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest.proto", protoc_2)
+    generate_proto("protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto", protoc_1)
+    generate_proto("protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto", protoc_1)
+    generate_proto("protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto", protoc_1)
+    generate_proto("protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto", protoc_1)
+    generate_proto("protos/src/proto/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto", protoc_1)
+    generate_proto("protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto", protoc_1)
+    generate_proto("protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto", protoc_1)
+    generate_proto("protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions.proto", protoc_1)
+    generate_proto("protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions_dynamic.proto", protoc_1)
+    generate_proto("protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_messages.proto", protoc_1)
+    generate_proto("protos/python/google/protobuf/internal/test_bad_identifiers.proto", protoc_1)
+
+    # _build_py is an old-style class, so super() doesn't work.
+    _build_py.run(self)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  # Keep this list of dependencies in sync with tox.ini.
+  install_requires = ['six>=1.9', 'setuptools']
+  if sys.version_info <= (2,7):
+    install_requires.append('ordereddict')
+    install_requires.append('unittest2')
+
+  setup(
+      name='protobuf',
+      description='Protocol Buffers',
+      download_url='https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases',
+      long_description="Protocol Buffers are Google's data interchange format",
+      url='https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/',
+      maintainer='protobuf@googlegroups.com',
+      maintainer_email='protobuf@googlegroups.com',
+      license='3-Clause BSD License',
+      classifiers=[
+        "Programming Language :: Python",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 2",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4",
+        ],
+      packages=find_packages(
+          exclude=[
+              'import_test_package',
+          ],
+      ),
+      test_suite='tests.google.protobuf.internal',
+      cmdclass={
+          'build_py': build_py,
+      },
+      install_requires=install_requires,
+  )
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/test.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b5a170c21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+
+# Change to the script's directory.
+cd $(dirname $0)
+
+# Version of the tests (i.e., the version of protobuf from where we extracted
+# these tests).
+TEST_VERSION=2.5.0
+
+# The old version of protobuf that we are testing compatibility against. This
+# is usually the same as TEST_VERSION (i.e., we use the tests extracted from
+# that version to test compatibility of the newest runtime against it), but it
+# is also possible to use this same test set to test the compatibiilty of the
+# latest version against other versions.
+OLD_VERSION=$1
+OLD_VERSION_PROTOC=https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/google/protobuf/protoc/$OLD_VERSION/protoc-$OLD_VERSION-linux-x86_64.exe
+
+# Extract the latest protobuf version number.
+VERSION_NUMBER=`grep "^__version__ = '.*'" ../../google/protobuf/__init__.py | sed "s|__version__ = '\(.*\)'|\1|"`
+
+echo "Running compatibility tests between current $VERSION_NUMBER and released $OLD_VERSION"
+
+# Check protoc
+[ -f ../../../src/protoc ] || {
+  echo "[ERROR]: Please build protoc first."
+  exit 1
+}
+
+# Test source compatibility. In these tests we recompile everything against
+# the new runtime (including old version generated code).
+rm google -f -r
+mkdir -p google/protobuf/internal
+# Build and copy the new runtime
+cd ../../
+python setup.py build
+cp google/protobuf/*.py compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/google/protobuf/
+cp google/protobuf/internal/*.py compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/google/protobuf/internal/
+cd compatibility_tests/v2.5.0
+cp tests/google/protobuf/internal/test_util.py google/protobuf/internal/
+cp google/protobuf/__init__.py google/
+
+# Download old version protoc compiler (for linux)
+wget $OLD_VERSION_PROTOC -O old_protoc
+chmod +x old_protoc
+
+# Test A.1:
+#   proto set 1: use old version
+#   proto set 2 which may import protos in set 1: use old version
+cp old_protoc protoc_1
+cp old_protoc protoc_2
+python setup.py build
+python setup.py test
+
+# Test A.2:
+#   proto set 1: use new version
+#   proto set 2 which may import protos in set 1: use old version
+cp ../../../src/protoc protoc_1
+cp old_protoc protoc_2
+python setup.py build
+python setup.py test
+
+# Test A.3:
+#   proto set 1: use old version
+#   proto set 2 which may import protos in set 1: use new version
+cp old_protoc protoc_1
+cp ../../../src/protoc protoc_2
+python setup.py build
+python setup.py test
+
+rm google -r -f
+rm build -r -f
+rm protoc_1
+rm protoc_2
+rm old_protoc
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..558561412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+try:
+  __import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__)
+except ImportError:
+  __path__ = __import__('pkgutil').extend_path(__path__, __name__)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..558561412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+try:
+  __import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__)
+except ImportError:
+  __path__ = __import__('pkgutil').extend_path(__path__, __name__)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..558561412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+try:
+  __import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__)
+except ImportError:
+  __path__ = __import__('pkgutil').extend_path(__path__, __name__)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64c6956f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# Copyright 2007 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+
+if __name__ != '__main__':
+  try:
+    __import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__)
+  except ImportError:
+    __path__ = __import__('pkgutil').extend_path(__path__, __name__)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c74f882e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+#! /usr/bin/python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Unittest for google.protobuf.internal.descriptor."""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+import unittest
+from google.protobuf import unittest_custom_options_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_import_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor
+from google.protobuf import text_format
+
+
+TEST_EMPTY_MESSAGE_DESCRIPTOR_ASCII = """
+name: 'TestEmptyMessage'
+"""
+
+
+class DescriptorTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.my_file = descriptor.FileDescriptor(
+        name='some/filename/some.proto',
+        package='protobuf_unittest'
+        )
+    self.my_enum = descriptor.EnumDescriptor(
+        name='ForeignEnum',
+        full_name='protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum',
+        filename=None,
+        file=self.my_file,
+        values=[
+          descriptor.EnumValueDescriptor(name='FOREIGN_FOO', index=0, number=4),
+          descriptor.EnumValueDescriptor(name='FOREIGN_BAR', index=1, number=5),
+          descriptor.EnumValueDescriptor(name='FOREIGN_BAZ', index=2, number=6),
+        ])
+    self.my_message = descriptor.Descriptor(
+        name='NestedMessage',
+        full_name='protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage',
+        filename=None,
+        file=self.my_file,
+        containing_type=None,
+        fields=[
+          descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
+            name='bb',
+            full_name='protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.bb',
+            index=0, number=1,
+            type=5, cpp_type=1, label=1,
+            has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
+            message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
+            is_extension=False, extension_scope=None),
+        ],
+        nested_types=[],
+        enum_types=[
+          self.my_enum,
+        ],
+        extensions=[])
+    self.my_method = descriptor.MethodDescriptor(
+        name='Bar',
+        full_name='protobuf_unittest.TestService.Bar',
+        index=0,
+        containing_service=None,
+        input_type=None,
+        output_type=None)
+    self.my_service = descriptor.ServiceDescriptor(
+        name='TestServiceWithOptions',
+        full_name='protobuf_unittest.TestServiceWithOptions',
+        file=self.my_file,
+        index=0,
+        methods=[
+            self.my_method
+        ])
+
+  def testEnumValueName(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_message.EnumValueName('ForeignEnum', 4),
+                     'FOREIGN_FOO')
+
+    self.assertEqual(
+        self.my_message.enum_types_by_name[
+            'ForeignEnum'].values_by_number[4].name,
+        self.my_message.EnumValueName('ForeignEnum', 4))
+
+  def testEnumFixups(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_enum, self.my_enum.values[0].type)
+
+  def testContainingTypeFixups(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_message, self.my_message.fields[0].containing_type)
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_message, self.my_enum.containing_type)
+
+  def testContainingServiceFixups(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_service, self.my_method.containing_service)
+
+  def testGetOptions(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_enum.GetOptions(),
+                     descriptor_pb2.EnumOptions())
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_enum.values[0].GetOptions(),
+                     descriptor_pb2.EnumValueOptions())
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_message.GetOptions(),
+                     descriptor_pb2.MessageOptions())
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_message.fields[0].GetOptions(),
+                     descriptor_pb2.FieldOptions())
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_method.GetOptions(),
+                     descriptor_pb2.MethodOptions())
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_service.GetOptions(),
+                     descriptor_pb2.ServiceOptions())
+
+  def testSimpleCustomOptions(self):
+    file_descriptor = unittest_custom_options_pb2.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.TestMessageWithCustomOptions.DESCRIPTOR
+    field_descriptor = message_descriptor.fields_by_name["field1"]
+    enum_descriptor = message_descriptor.enum_types_by_name["AnEnum"]
+    enum_value_descriptor =\
+        message_descriptor.enum_values_by_name["ANENUM_VAL2"]
+    service_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.TestServiceWithCustomOptions.DESCRIPTOR
+    method_descriptor = service_descriptor.FindMethodByName("Foo")
+
+    file_options = file_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    file_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.file_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(9876543210, file_options.Extensions[file_opt1])
+    message_options = message_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    message_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.message_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(-56, message_options.Extensions[message_opt1])
+    field_options = field_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    field_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.field_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(8765432109, field_options.Extensions[field_opt1])
+    field_opt2 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.field_opt2
+    self.assertEqual(42, field_options.Extensions[field_opt2])
+    enum_options = enum_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    enum_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.enum_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(-789, enum_options.Extensions[enum_opt1])
+    enum_value_options = enum_value_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    enum_value_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.enum_value_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(123, enum_value_options.Extensions[enum_value_opt1])
+
+    service_options = service_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    service_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.service_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(-9876543210, service_options.Extensions[service_opt1])
+    method_options = method_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    method_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.method_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_custom_options_pb2.METHODOPT1_VAL2,
+                     method_options.Extensions[method_opt1])
+
+  def testDifferentCustomOptionTypes(self):
+    kint32min = -2**31
+    kint64min = -2**63
+    kint32max = 2**31 - 1
+    kint64max = 2**63 - 1
+    kuint32max = 2**32 - 1
+    kuint64max = 2**64 - 1
+
+    message_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.CustomOptionMinIntegerValues.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_options = message_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertEqual(False, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.bool_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint32min, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.int32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint64min, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.int64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(0, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.uint32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(0, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.uint64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint32min, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sint32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint64min, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sint64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(0, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.fixed32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(0, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.fixed64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint32min, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sfixed32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint64min, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sfixed64_opt])
+
+    message_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_options = message_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertEqual(True, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.bool_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint32max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.int32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint64max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.int64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kuint32max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.uint32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kuint64max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.uint64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint32max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sint32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint64max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sint64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kuint32max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.fixed32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kuint64max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.fixed64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint32max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sfixed32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint64max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sfixed64_opt])
+
+    message_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.CustomOptionOtherValues.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_options = message_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertEqual(-100, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.int32_opt])
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(12.3456789, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.float_opt], 6)
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(1.234567890123456789, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.double_opt])
+    self.assertEqual("Hello, \"World\"", message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.string_opt])
+    self.assertEqual("Hello\0World", message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.bytes_opt])
+    dummy_enum = unittest_custom_options_pb2.DummyMessageContainingEnum
+    self.assertEqual(
+        dummy_enum.TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE2,
+        message_options.Extensions[unittest_custom_options_pb2.enum_opt])
+
+    message_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.SettingRealsFromPositiveInts.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_options = message_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(12, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.float_opt], 6)
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(154, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.double_opt])
+
+    message_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.SettingRealsFromNegativeInts.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_options = message_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(-12, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.float_opt], 6)
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(-154, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.double_opt])
+
+  def testComplexExtensionOptions(self):
+    descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.VariousComplexOptions.DESCRIPTOR
+    options = descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertEqual(42, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt1].foo)
+    self.assertEqual(324, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt1].Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.quux])
+    self.assertEqual(876, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt1].Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.corge].qux)
+    self.assertEqual(987, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].baz)
+    self.assertEqual(654, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.grault])
+    self.assertEqual(743, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].bar.foo)
+    self.assertEqual(1999, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].bar.Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.quux])
+    self.assertEqual(2008, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].bar.Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.corge].qux)
+    self.assertEqual(741, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.garply].foo)
+    self.assertEqual(1998, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.garply].Extensions[
+                unittest_custom_options_pb2.quux])
+    self.assertEqual(2121, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.garply].Extensions[
+                unittest_custom_options_pb2.corge].qux)
+    self.assertEqual(1971, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.ComplexOptionType2
+        .ComplexOptionType4.complex_opt4].waldo)
+    self.assertEqual(321, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].fred.waldo)
+    self.assertEqual(9, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt3].qux)
+    self.assertEqual(22, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt3].complexoptiontype5.plugh)
+    self.assertEqual(24, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complexopt6].xyzzy)
+
+  # Check that aggregate options were parsed and saved correctly in
+  # the appropriate descriptors.
+  def testAggregateOptions(self):
+    file_descriptor = unittest_custom_options_pb2.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.AggregateMessage.DESCRIPTOR
+    field_descriptor = message_descriptor.fields_by_name["fieldname"]
+    enum_descriptor = unittest_custom_options_pb2.AggregateEnum.DESCRIPTOR
+    enum_value_descriptor = enum_descriptor.values_by_name["VALUE"]
+    service_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.AggregateService.DESCRIPTOR
+    method_descriptor = service_descriptor.FindMethodByName("Method")
+
+    # Tests for the different types of data embedded in fileopt
+    file_options = file_descriptor.GetOptions().Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.fileopt]
+    self.assertEqual(100, file_options.i)
+    self.assertEqual("FileAnnotation", file_options.s)
+    self.assertEqual("NestedFileAnnotation", file_options.sub.s)
+    self.assertEqual("FileExtensionAnnotation", file_options.file.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.fileopt].s)
+    self.assertEqual("EmbeddedMessageSetElement", file_options.mset.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.AggregateMessageSetElement
+        .message_set_extension].s)
+
+    # Simple tests for all the other types of annotations
+    self.assertEqual(
+        "MessageAnnotation",
+        message_descriptor.GetOptions().Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.msgopt].s)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        "FieldAnnotation",
+        field_descriptor.GetOptions().Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.fieldopt].s)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        "EnumAnnotation",
+        enum_descriptor.GetOptions().Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.enumopt].s)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        "EnumValueAnnotation",
+        enum_value_descriptor.GetOptions().Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.enumvalopt].s)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        "ServiceAnnotation",
+        service_descriptor.GetOptions().Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.serviceopt].s)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        "MethodAnnotation",
+        method_descriptor.GetOptions().Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.methodopt].s)
+
+  def testNestedOptions(self):
+    nested_message =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.NestedOptionType.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR
+    self.assertEqual(1001, nested_message.GetOptions().Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.message_opt1])
+    nested_field = nested_message.fields_by_name["nested_field"]
+    self.assertEqual(1002, nested_field.GetOptions().Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.field_opt1])
+    outer_message =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.NestedOptionType.DESCRIPTOR
+    nested_enum = outer_message.enum_types_by_name["NestedEnum"]
+    self.assertEqual(1003, nested_enum.GetOptions().Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.enum_opt1])
+    nested_enum_value = outer_message.enum_values_by_name["NESTED_ENUM_VALUE"]
+    self.assertEqual(1004, nested_enum_value.GetOptions().Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.enum_value_opt1])
+    nested_extension = outer_message.extensions_by_name["nested_extension"]
+    self.assertEqual(1005, nested_extension.GetOptions().Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.field_opt2])
+
+  def testFileDescriptorReferences(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_enum.file, self.my_file)
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_message.file, self.my_file)
+
+  def testFileDescriptor(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_file.name, 'some/filename/some.proto')
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_file.package, 'protobuf_unittest')
+
+
+class DescriptorCopyToProtoTest(unittest.TestCase):
+  """Tests for CopyTo functions of Descriptor."""
+
+  def _AssertProtoEqual(self, actual_proto, expected_class, expected_ascii):
+    expected_proto = expected_class()
+    text_format.Merge(expected_ascii, expected_proto)
+
+    self.assertEqual(
+        actual_proto, expected_proto,
+        'Not equal,\nActual:\n%s\nExpected:\n%s\n'
+        % (str(actual_proto), str(expected_proto)))
+
+  def _InternalTestCopyToProto(self, desc, expected_proto_class,
+                               expected_proto_ascii):
+    actual = expected_proto_class()
+    desc.CopyToProto(actual)
+    self._AssertProtoEqual(
+        actual, expected_proto_class, expected_proto_ascii)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_EmptyMessage(self):
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto,
+        TEST_EMPTY_MESSAGE_DESCRIPTOR_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_NestedMessage(self):
+    TEST_NESTED_MESSAGE_ASCII = """
+      name: 'NestedMessage'
+      field: <
+        name: 'bb'
+        number: 1
+        label: 1  # Optional
+        type: 5  # TYPE_INT32
+      >
+      """
+
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto,
+        TEST_NESTED_MESSAGE_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_ForeignNestedMessage(self):
+    TEST_FOREIGN_NESTED_ASCII = """
+      name: 'TestForeignNested'
+      field: <
+        name: 'foreign_nested'
+        number: 1
+        label: 1  # Optional
+        type: 11  # TYPE_MESSAGE
+        type_name: '.protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage'
+      >
+      """
+
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.TestForeignNested.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto,
+        TEST_FOREIGN_NESTED_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_ForeignEnum(self):
+    TEST_FOREIGN_ENUM_ASCII = """
+      name: 'ForeignEnum'
+      value: <
+        name: 'FOREIGN_FOO'
+        number: 4
+      >
+      value: <
+        name: 'FOREIGN_BAR'
+        number: 5
+      >
+      value: <
+        name: 'FOREIGN_BAZ'
+        number: 6
+      >
+      """
+
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2._FOREIGNENUM,
+        descriptor_pb2.EnumDescriptorProto,
+        TEST_FOREIGN_ENUM_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_Options(self):
+    TEST_DEPRECATED_FIELDS_ASCII = """
+      name: 'TestDeprecatedFields'
+      field: <
+        name: 'deprecated_int32'
+        number: 1
+        label: 1  # Optional
+        type: 5  # TYPE_INT32
+        options: <
+          deprecated: true
+        >
+      >
+      """
+
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.TestDeprecatedFields.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto,
+        TEST_DEPRECATED_FIELDS_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_AllExtensions(self):
+    TEST_EMPTY_MESSAGE_WITH_EXTENSIONS_ASCII = """
+      name: 'TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions'
+      extension_range: <
+        start: 1
+        end: 536870912
+      >
+      """
+
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto,
+        TEST_EMPTY_MESSAGE_WITH_EXTENSIONS_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_SeveralExtensions(self):
+    TEST_MESSAGE_WITH_SEVERAL_EXTENSIONS_ASCII = """
+      name: 'TestMultipleExtensionRanges'
+      extension_range: <
+        start: 42
+        end: 43
+      >
+      extension_range: <
+        start: 4143
+        end: 4244
+      >
+      extension_range: <
+        start: 65536
+        end: 536870912
+      >
+      """
+
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.TestMultipleExtensionRanges.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto,
+        TEST_MESSAGE_WITH_SEVERAL_EXTENSIONS_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_FileDescriptor(self):
+    UNITTEST_IMPORT_FILE_DESCRIPTOR_ASCII = ("""
+      name: 'google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto'
+      package: 'protobuf_unittest_import'
+      dependency: 'google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto'
+      message_type: <
+        name: 'ImportMessage'
+        field: <
+          name: 'd'
+          number: 1
+          label: 1  # Optional
+          type: 5  # TYPE_INT32
+        >
+      >
+      """ +
+      """enum_type: <
+        name: 'ImportEnum'
+        value: <
+          name: 'IMPORT_FOO'
+          number: 7
+        >
+        value: <
+          name: 'IMPORT_BAR'
+          number: 8
+        >
+        value: <
+          name: 'IMPORT_BAZ'
+          number: 9
+        >
+      >
+      options: <
+        java_package: 'com.google.protobuf.test'
+        optimize_for: 1  # SPEED
+      >
+      public_dependency: 0
+      """)
+
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_import_pb2.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto,
+        UNITTEST_IMPORT_FILE_DESCRIPTOR_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_ServiceDescriptor(self):
+    TEST_SERVICE_ASCII = """
+      name: 'TestService'
+      method: <
+        name: 'Foo'
+        input_type: '.protobuf_unittest.FooRequest'
+        output_type: '.protobuf_unittest.FooResponse'
+      >
+      method: <
+        name: 'Bar'
+        input_type: '.protobuf_unittest.BarRequest'
+        output_type: '.protobuf_unittest.BarResponse'
+      >
+      """
+
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.TestService.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.ServiceDescriptorProto,
+        TEST_SERVICE_ASCII)
+
+
+class MakeDescriptorTest(unittest.TestCase):
+  def testMakeDescriptorWithUnsignedIntField(self):
+    file_descriptor_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    file_descriptor_proto.name = 'Foo'
+    message_type = file_descriptor_proto.message_type.add()
+    message_type.name = file_descriptor_proto.name
+    field = message_type.field.add()
+    field.number = 1
+    field.name = 'uint64_field'
+    field.label = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REQUIRED
+    field.type = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT64
+    result = descriptor.MakeDescriptor(message_type)
+    self.assertEqual(result.fields[0].cpp_type,
+                     descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_UINT64)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/generator_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/generator_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8343aba1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/generator_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+#! /usr/bin/python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# TODO(robinson): Flesh this out considerably.  We focused on reflection_test.py
+# first, since it's testing the subtler code, and since it provides decent
+# indirect testing of the protocol compiler output.
+
+"""Unittest that directly tests the output of the pure-Python protocol
+compiler.  See //google/protobuf/reflection_test.py for a test which
+further ensures that we can use Python protocol message objects as we expect.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+import unittest
+from google.protobuf.internal import test_bad_identifiers_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_custom_options_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_import_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_import_public_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_mset_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_no_generic_services_pb2
+from google.protobuf import service
+
+MAX_EXTENSION = 536870912
+
+
+class GeneratorTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testNestedMessageDescriptor(self):
+    field_name = 'optional_nested_message'
+    proto_type = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes
+    self.assertEqual(
+        proto_type.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR,
+        proto_type.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name[field_name].message_type)
+
+  def testEnums(self):
+    # We test only module-level enums here.
+    # TODO(robinson): Examine descriptors directly to check
+    # enum descriptor output.
+    self.assertEqual(4, unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_FOO)
+    self.assertEqual(5, unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR)
+    self.assertEqual(6, unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ)
+
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.FOO)
+    self.assertEqual(1, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO)
+    self.assertEqual(2, proto.BAR)
+    self.assertEqual(2, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR)
+    self.assertEqual(3, proto.BAZ)
+    self.assertEqual(3, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ)
+
+  def testExtremeDefaultValues(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestExtremeDefaultValues()
+
+    # Python pre-2.6 does not have isinf() or isnan() functions, so we have
+    # to provide our own.
+    def isnan(val):
+      # NaN is never equal to itself.
+      return val != val
+    def isinf(val):
+      # Infinity times zero equals NaN.
+      return not isnan(val) and isnan(val * 0)
+
+    self.assertTrue(isinf(message.inf_double))
+    self.assertTrue(message.inf_double > 0)
+    self.assertTrue(isinf(message.neg_inf_double))
+    self.assertTrue(message.neg_inf_double < 0)
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.nan_double))
+
+    self.assertTrue(isinf(message.inf_float))
+    self.assertTrue(message.inf_float > 0)
+    self.assertTrue(isinf(message.neg_inf_float))
+    self.assertTrue(message.neg_inf_float < 0)
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.nan_float))
+    self.assertEqual("? ? ?? ?? ??? ??/ ??-", message.cpp_trigraph)
+
+  def testHasDefaultValues(self):
+    desc = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
+
+    expected_has_default_by_name = {
+        'optional_int32': False,
+        'repeated_int32': False,
+        'optional_nested_message': False,
+        'default_int32': True,
+    }
+
+    has_default_by_name = dict(
+        [(f.name, f.has_default_value)
+         for f in desc.fields
+         if f.name in expected_has_default_by_name])
+    self.assertEqual(expected_has_default_by_name, has_default_by_name)
+
+  def testContainingTypeBehaviorForExtensions(self):
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension.containing_type,
+                     unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestRequired.single.containing_type,
+                     unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions.DESCRIPTOR)
+
+  def testExtensionScope(self):
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension.extension_scope,
+                     None)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestRequired.single.extension_scope,
+                     unittest_pb2.TestRequired.DESCRIPTOR)
+
+  def testIsExtension(self):
+    self.assertTrue(unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension.is_extension)
+    self.assertTrue(unittest_pb2.TestRequired.single.is_extension)
+
+    message_descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestRequired.DESCRIPTOR
+    non_extension_descriptor = message_descriptor.fields_by_name['a']
+    self.assertTrue(not non_extension_descriptor.is_extension)
+
+  def testOptions(self):
+    proto = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSet()
+    self.assertTrue(proto.DESCRIPTOR.GetOptions().message_set_wire_format)
+
+  def testMessageWithCustomOptions(self):
+    proto = unittest_custom_options_pb2.TestMessageWithCustomOptions()
+    enum_options = proto.DESCRIPTOR.enum_types_by_name['AnEnum'].GetOptions()
+    self.assertTrue(enum_options is not None)
+    # TODO(gps): We really should test for the presense of the enum_opt1
+    # extension and for its value to be set to -789.
+
+  def testNestedTypes(self):
+    self.assertEquals(
+        set(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.nested_types),
+        set([
+            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR,
+            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup.DESCRIPTOR,
+            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup.DESCRIPTOR,
+        ]))
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage.DESCRIPTOR.nested_types, [])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR.nested_types, [])
+
+  def testContainingType(self):
+    self.assertTrue(
+        unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage.DESCRIPTOR.containing_type is None)
+    self.assertTrue(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.containing_type is None)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR.containing_type,
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR.containing_type,
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup.DESCRIPTOR.containing_type,
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR)
+
+  def testContainingTypeInEnumDescriptor(self):
+    self.assertTrue(unittest_pb2._FOREIGNENUM.containing_type is None)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2._TESTALLTYPES_NESTEDENUM.containing_type,
+                     unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR)
+
+  def testPackage(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.file.package,
+        'protobuf_unittest')
+    desc = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR
+    self.assertEqual(desc.file.package, 'protobuf_unittest')
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_import_pb2.ImportMessage.DESCRIPTOR.file.package,
+        'protobuf_unittest_import')
+
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2._FOREIGNENUM.file.package, 'protobuf_unittest')
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2._TESTALLTYPES_NESTEDENUM.file.package,
+        'protobuf_unittest')
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_import_pb2._IMPORTENUM.file.package,
+        'protobuf_unittest_import')
+
+  def testExtensionRange(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.extension_ranges, [])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions.DESCRIPTOR.extension_ranges,
+        [(1, MAX_EXTENSION)])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestMultipleExtensionRanges.DESCRIPTOR.extension_ranges,
+        [(42, 43), (4143, 4244), (65536, MAX_EXTENSION)])
+
+  def testFileDescriptor(self):
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.name,
+                     'google/protobuf/unittest.proto')
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.package, 'protobuf_unittest')
+    self.assertFalse(unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb is None)
+
+  def testNoGenericServices(self):
+    self.assertTrue(hasattr(unittest_no_generic_services_pb2, "TestMessage"))
+    self.assertTrue(hasattr(unittest_no_generic_services_pb2, "FOO"))
+    self.assertTrue(hasattr(unittest_no_generic_services_pb2, "test_extension"))
+
+    # Make sure unittest_no_generic_services_pb2 has no services subclassing
+    # Proto2 Service class.
+    if hasattr(unittest_no_generic_services_pb2, "TestService"):
+      self.assertFalse(issubclass(unittest_no_generic_services_pb2.TestService,
+                                  service.Service))
+
+  def testMessageTypesByName(self):
+    file_type = unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2._TESTALLTYPES,
+        file_type.message_types_by_name[unittest_pb2._TESTALLTYPES.name])
+
+    # Nested messages shouldn't be included in the message_types_by_name
+    # dictionary (like in the C++ API).
+    self.assertFalse(
+        unittest_pb2._TESTALLTYPES_NESTEDMESSAGE.name in
+        file_type.message_types_by_name)
+
+  def testPublicImports(self):
+    # Test public imports as embedded message.
+    all_type_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual(0, all_type_proto.optional_public_import_message.e)
+
+    # PublicImportMessage is actually defined in unittest_import_public_pb2
+    # module, and is public imported by unittest_import_pb2 module.
+    public_import_proto = unittest_import_pb2.PublicImportMessage()
+    self.assertEqual(0, public_import_proto.e)
+    self.assertTrue(unittest_import_public_pb2.PublicImportMessage is
+                    unittest_import_pb2.PublicImportMessage)
+
+  def testBadIdentifiers(self):
+    # We're just testing that the code was imported without problems.
+    message = test_bad_identifiers_pb2.TestBadIdentifiers()
+    self.assertEqual(message.Extensions[test_bad_identifiers_pb2.message],
+                     "foo")
+    self.assertEqual(message.Extensions[test_bad_identifiers_pb2.descriptor],
+                     "bar")
+    self.assertEqual(message.Extensions[test_bad_identifiers_pb2.reflection],
+                     "baz")
+    self.assertEqual(message.Extensions[test_bad_identifiers_pb2.service],
+                     "qux")
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/golden_message b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/golden_message
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diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/golden_packed_fields_message b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/golden_packed_fields_message
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diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e71b295bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+#! /usr/bin/python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests python protocol buffers against the golden message.
+
+Note that the golden messages exercise every known field type, thus this
+test ends up exercising and verifying nearly all of the parsing and
+serialization code in the whole library.
+
+TODO(kenton):  Merge with wire_format_test?  It doesn't make a whole lot of
+sense to call this a test of the "message" module, which only declares an
+abstract interface.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'gps@google.com (Gregory P. Smith)'
+
+import copy
+import math
+import operator
+import pickle
+
+import unittest
+from google.protobuf import unittest_import_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+from google.protobuf.internal import test_util
+from google.protobuf import message
+
+try:
+  cmp                                   # Python 2
+except NameError:
+  cmp = lambda x, y: (x > y) - (x < y)  # Python 3
+
+# Python pre-2.6 does not have isinf() or isnan() functions, so we have
+# to provide our own.
+def isnan(val):
+  # NaN is never equal to itself.
+  return val != val
+def isinf(val):
+  # Infinity times zero equals NaN.
+  return not isnan(val) and isnan(val * 0)
+def IsPosInf(val):
+  return isinf(val) and (val > 0)
+def IsNegInf(val):
+  return isinf(val) and (val < 0)
+
+class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testGoldenMessage(self):
+    golden_data = test_util.GoldenFile('golden_message').read()
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    test_util.ExpectAllFieldsSet(self, golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_message.SerializeToString())
+    golden_copy = copy.deepcopy(golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_copy.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testGoldenExtensions(self):
+    golden_data = test_util.GoldenFile('golden_message').read()
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    all_set = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    test_util.SetAllExtensions(all_set)
+    self.assertEquals(all_set, golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_message.SerializeToString())
+    golden_copy = copy.deepcopy(golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_copy.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testGoldenPackedMessage(self):
+    golden_data = test_util.GoldenFile('golden_packed_fields_message').read()
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    all_set = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllPackedFields(all_set)
+    self.assertEquals(all_set, golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, all_set.SerializeToString())
+    golden_copy = copy.deepcopy(golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_copy.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testGoldenPackedExtensions(self):
+    golden_data = test_util.GoldenFile('golden_packed_fields_message').read()
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestPackedExtensions()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    all_set = unittest_pb2.TestPackedExtensions()
+    test_util.SetAllPackedExtensions(all_set)
+    self.assertEquals(all_set, golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, all_set.SerializeToString())
+    golden_copy = copy.deepcopy(golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_copy.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testPickleSupport(self):
+    golden_data = test_util.GoldenFile('golden_message').read()
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    pickled_message = pickle.dumps(golden_message)
+
+    unpickled_message = pickle.loads(pickled_message)
+    self.assertEquals(unpickled_message, golden_message)
+
+  def testPickleIncompleteProto(self):
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestRequired(a=1)
+    pickled_message = pickle.dumps(golden_message)
+
+    unpickled_message = pickle.loads(pickled_message)
+    self.assertEquals(unpickled_message, golden_message)
+    self.assertEquals(unpickled_message.a, 1)
+    # This is still an incomplete proto - so serializing should fail
+    self.assertRaises(message.EncodeError, unpickled_message.SerializeToString)
+
+  def testPositiveInfinity(self):
+    golden_data = ('\x5D\x00\x00\x80\x7F'
+                   '\x61\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\x7F'
+                   '\xCD\x02\x00\x00\x80\x7F'
+                   '\xD1\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\x7F')
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    self.assertTrue(IsPosInf(golden_message.optional_float))
+    self.assertTrue(IsPosInf(golden_message.optional_double))
+    self.assertTrue(IsPosInf(golden_message.repeated_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(IsPosInf(golden_message.repeated_double[0]))
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_message.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testNegativeInfinity(self):
+    golden_data = ('\x5D\x00\x00\x80\xFF'
+                   '\x61\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\xFF'
+                   '\xCD\x02\x00\x00\x80\xFF'
+                   '\xD1\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\xFF')
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    self.assertTrue(IsNegInf(golden_message.optional_float))
+    self.assertTrue(IsNegInf(golden_message.optional_double))
+    self.assertTrue(IsNegInf(golden_message.repeated_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(IsNegInf(golden_message.repeated_double[0]))
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_message.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testNotANumber(self):
+    golden_data = ('\x5D\x00\x00\xC0\x7F'
+                   '\x61\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF8\x7F'
+                   '\xCD\x02\x00\x00\xC0\x7F'
+                   '\xD1\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF8\x7F')
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(golden_message.optional_float))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(golden_message.optional_double))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(golden_message.repeated_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(golden_message.repeated_double[0]))
+
+    # The protocol buffer may serialize to any one of multiple different
+    # representations of a NaN.  Rather than verify a specific representation,
+    # verify the serialized string can be converted into a correctly
+    # behaving protocol buffer.
+    serialized = golden_message.SerializeToString()
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    message.ParseFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.optional_float))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.optional_double))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.repeated_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.repeated_double[0]))
+
+  def testPositiveInfinityPacked(self):
+    golden_data = ('\xA2\x06\x04\x00\x00\x80\x7F'
+                   '\xAA\x06\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\x7F')
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    self.assertTrue(IsPosInf(golden_message.packed_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(IsPosInf(golden_message.packed_double[0]))
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_message.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testNegativeInfinityPacked(self):
+    golden_data = ('\xA2\x06\x04\x00\x00\x80\xFF'
+                   '\xAA\x06\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\xFF')
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    self.assertTrue(IsNegInf(golden_message.packed_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(IsNegInf(golden_message.packed_double[0]))
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_message.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testNotANumberPacked(self):
+    golden_data = ('\xA2\x06\x04\x00\x00\xC0\x7F'
+                   '\xAA\x06\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF8\x7F')
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(golden_message.packed_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(golden_message.packed_double[0]))
+
+    serialized = golden_message.SerializeToString()
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    message.ParseFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.packed_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.packed_double[0]))
+
+  def testExtremeFloatValues(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    # Most positive exponent, no significand bits set.
+    kMostPosExponentNoSigBits = math.pow(2, 127)
+    message.optional_float = kMostPosExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == kMostPosExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    # Most positive exponent, one significand bit set.
+    kMostPosExponentOneSigBit = 1.5 * math.pow(2, 127)
+    message.optional_float = kMostPosExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == kMostPosExponentOneSigBit)
+
+    # Repeat last two cases with values of same magnitude, but negative.
+    message.optional_float = -kMostPosExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == -kMostPosExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    message.optional_float = -kMostPosExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == -kMostPosExponentOneSigBit)
+
+    # Most negative exponent, no significand bits set.
+    kMostNegExponentNoSigBits = math.pow(2, -127)
+    message.optional_float = kMostNegExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == kMostNegExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    # Most negative exponent, one significand bit set.
+    kMostNegExponentOneSigBit = 1.5 * math.pow(2, -127)
+    message.optional_float = kMostNegExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == kMostNegExponentOneSigBit)
+
+    # Repeat last two cases with values of the same magnitude, but negative.
+    message.optional_float = -kMostNegExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == -kMostNegExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    message.optional_float = -kMostNegExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == -kMostNegExponentOneSigBit)
+
+  def testExtremeDoubleValues(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    # Most positive exponent, no significand bits set.
+    kMostPosExponentNoSigBits = math.pow(2, 1023)
+    message.optional_double = kMostPosExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == kMostPosExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    # Most positive exponent, one significand bit set.
+    kMostPosExponentOneSigBit = 1.5 * math.pow(2, 1023)
+    message.optional_double = kMostPosExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == kMostPosExponentOneSigBit)
+
+    # Repeat last two cases with values of same magnitude, but negative.
+    message.optional_double = -kMostPosExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == -kMostPosExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    message.optional_double = -kMostPosExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == -kMostPosExponentOneSigBit)
+
+    # Most negative exponent, no significand bits set.
+    kMostNegExponentNoSigBits = math.pow(2, -1023)
+    message.optional_double = kMostNegExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == kMostNegExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    # Most negative exponent, one significand bit set.
+    kMostNegExponentOneSigBit = 1.5 * math.pow(2, -1023)
+    message.optional_double = kMostNegExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == kMostNegExponentOneSigBit)
+
+    # Repeat last two cases with values of the same magnitude, but negative.
+    message.optional_double = -kMostNegExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == -kMostNegExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    message.optional_double = -kMostNegExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == -kMostNegExponentOneSigBit)
+
+  def testSortingRepeatedScalarFieldsDefaultComparator(self):
+    """Check some different types with the default comparator."""
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    # TODO(mattp): would testing more scalar types strengthen test?
+    message.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(3)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(2)
+    message.repeated_int32.sort()
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_int32[0], 1)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_int32[1], 2)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_int32[2], 3)
+
+    message.repeated_float.append(1.1)
+    message.repeated_float.append(1.3)
+    message.repeated_float.append(1.2)
+    message.repeated_float.sort()
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(message.repeated_float[0], 1.1)
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(message.repeated_float[1], 1.2)
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(message.repeated_float[2], 1.3)
+
+    message.repeated_string.append('a')
+    message.repeated_string.append('c')
+    message.repeated_string.append('b')
+    message.repeated_string.sort()
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_string[0], 'a')
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_string[1], 'b')
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_string[2], 'c')
+
+    message.repeated_bytes.append('a')
+    message.repeated_bytes.append('c')
+    message.repeated_bytes.append('b')
+    message.repeated_bytes.sort()
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_bytes[0], 'a')
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_bytes[1], 'b')
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_bytes[2], 'c')
+
+  def testSortingRepeatedScalarFieldsCustomComparator(self):
+    """Check some different types with custom comparator."""
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    message.repeated_int32.append(-3)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(-2)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(-1)
+    message.repeated_int32.sort(lambda x,y: cmp(abs(x), abs(y)))
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_int32[0], -1)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_int32[1], -2)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_int32[2], -3)
+
+    message.repeated_string.append('aaa')
+    message.repeated_string.append('bb')
+    message.repeated_string.append('c')
+    message.repeated_string.sort(lambda x,y: cmp(len(x), len(y)))
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_string[0], 'c')
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_string[1], 'bb')
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_string[2], 'aaa')
+
+  def testSortingRepeatedCompositeFieldsCustomComparator(self):
+    """Check passing a custom comparator to sort a repeated composite field."""
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 1
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 3
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 2
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 6
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 5
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 4
+    message.repeated_nested_message.sort(lambda x,y: cmp(x.bb, y.bb))
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_nested_message[0].bb, 1)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_nested_message[1].bb, 2)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_nested_message[2].bb, 3)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_nested_message[3].bb, 4)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_nested_message[4].bb, 5)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_nested_message[5].bb, 6)
+
+  def testRepeatedCompositeFieldSortArguments(self):
+    """Check sorting a repeated composite field using list.sort() arguments."""
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    get_bb = operator.attrgetter('bb')
+    cmp_bb = lambda a, b: cmp(a.bb, b.bb)
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 1
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 3
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 2
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 6
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 5
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 4
+    message.repeated_nested_message.sort(key=get_bb)
+    self.assertEqual([k.bb for k in message.repeated_nested_message],
+                     [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
+    message.repeated_nested_message.sort(key=get_bb, reverse=True)
+    self.assertEqual([k.bb for k in message.repeated_nested_message],
+                     [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1])
+    message.repeated_nested_message.sort(sort_function=cmp_bb)
+    self.assertEqual([k.bb for k in message.repeated_nested_message],
+                     [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
+    message.repeated_nested_message.sort(cmp=cmp_bb, reverse=True)
+    self.assertEqual([k.bb for k in message.repeated_nested_message],
+                     [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1])
+
+  def testRepeatedScalarFieldSortArguments(self):
+    """Check sorting a scalar field using list.sort() arguments."""
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    abs_cmp = lambda a, b: cmp(abs(a), abs(b))
+    message.repeated_int32.append(-3)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(-2)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(-1)
+    message.repeated_int32.sort(key=abs)
+    self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_int32), [-1, -2, -3])
+    message.repeated_int32.sort(key=abs, reverse=True)
+    self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_int32), [-3, -2, -1])
+    message.repeated_int32.sort(sort_function=abs_cmp)
+    self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_int32), [-1, -2, -3])
+    message.repeated_int32.sort(cmp=abs_cmp, reverse=True)
+    self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_int32), [-3, -2, -1])
+
+    len_cmp = lambda a, b: cmp(len(a), len(b))
+    message.repeated_string.append('aaa')
+    message.repeated_string.append('bb')
+    message.repeated_string.append('c')
+    message.repeated_string.sort(key=len)
+    self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_string), ['c', 'bb', 'aaa'])
+    message.repeated_string.sort(key=len, reverse=True)
+    self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_string), ['aaa', 'bb', 'c'])
+    message.repeated_string.sort(sort_function=len_cmp)
+    self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_string), ['c', 'bb', 'aaa'])
+    message.repeated_string.sort(cmp=len_cmp, reverse=True)
+    self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_string), ['aaa', 'bb', 'c'])
+
+  def testParsingMerge(self):
+    """Check the merge behavior when a required or optional field appears
+    multiple times in the input."""
+    messages = [
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(),
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(),
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes() ]
+    messages[0].optional_int32 = 1
+    messages[1].optional_int64 = 2
+    messages[2].optional_int32 = 3
+    messages[2].optional_string = 'hello'
+
+    merged_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    merged_message.optional_int32 = 3
+    merged_message.optional_int64 = 2
+    merged_message.optional_string = 'hello'
+
+    generator = unittest_pb2.TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator()
+    generator.field1.extend(messages)
+    generator.field2.extend(messages)
+    generator.field3.extend(messages)
+    generator.ext1.extend(messages)
+    generator.ext2.extend(messages)
+    generator.group1.add().field1.MergeFrom(messages[0])
+    generator.group1.add().field1.MergeFrom(messages[1])
+    generator.group1.add().field1.MergeFrom(messages[2])
+    generator.group2.add().field1.MergeFrom(messages[0])
+    generator.group2.add().field1.MergeFrom(messages[1])
+    generator.group2.add().field1.MergeFrom(messages[2])
+
+    data = generator.SerializeToString()
+    parsing_merge = unittest_pb2.TestParsingMerge()
+    parsing_merge.ParseFromString(data)
+
+    # Required and optional fields should be merged.
+    self.assertEqual(parsing_merge.required_all_types, merged_message)
+    self.assertEqual(parsing_merge.optional_all_types, merged_message)
+    self.assertEqual(parsing_merge.optionalgroup.optional_group_all_types,
+                     merged_message)
+    self.assertEqual(parsing_merge.Extensions[
+                     unittest_pb2.TestParsingMerge.optional_ext],
+                     merged_message)
+
+    # Repeated fields should not be merged.
+    self.assertEqual(len(parsing_merge.repeated_all_types), 3)
+    self.assertEqual(len(parsing_merge.repeatedgroup), 3)
+    self.assertEqual(len(parsing_merge.Extensions[
+        unittest_pb2.TestParsingMerge.repeated_ext]), 3)
+
+
+  def testSortEmptyRepeatedCompositeContainer(self):
+    """Exercise a scenario that has led to segfaults in the past.
+    """
+    m = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    m.repeated_nested_message.sort()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/service_reflection_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/service_reflection_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2f0708d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/service_reflection_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#! /usr/bin/python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests for google.protobuf.internal.service_reflection."""
+
+__author__ = 'petar@google.com (Petar Petrov)'
+
+import unittest
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import service_reflection
+from google.protobuf import service
+
+
+class FooUnitTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testService(self):
+    class MockRpcChannel(service.RpcChannel):
+      def CallMethod(self, method, controller, request, response, callback):
+        self.method = method
+        self.controller = controller
+        self.request = request
+        callback(response)
+
+    class MockRpcController(service.RpcController):
+      def SetFailed(self, msg):
+        self.failure_message = msg
+
+    self.callback_response = None
+
+    class MyService(unittest_pb2.TestService):
+      pass
+
+    self.callback_response = None
+
+    def MyCallback(response):
+      self.callback_response = response
+
+    rpc_controller = MockRpcController()
+    channel = MockRpcChannel()
+    srvc = MyService()
+    srvc.Foo(rpc_controller, unittest_pb2.FooRequest(), MyCallback)
+    self.assertEqual('Method Foo not implemented.',
+                     rpc_controller.failure_message)
+    self.assertEqual(None, self.callback_response)
+
+    rpc_controller.failure_message = None
+
+    service_descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestService.GetDescriptor()
+    srvc.CallMethod(service_descriptor.methods[1], rpc_controller,
+                    unittest_pb2.BarRequest(), MyCallback)
+    self.assertEqual('Method Bar not implemented.',
+                     rpc_controller.failure_message)
+    self.assertEqual(None, self.callback_response)
+
+    class MyServiceImpl(unittest_pb2.TestService):
+      def Foo(self, rpc_controller, request, done):
+        self.foo_called = True
+      def Bar(self, rpc_controller, request, done):
+        self.bar_called = True
+
+    srvc = MyServiceImpl()
+    rpc_controller.failure_message = None
+    srvc.Foo(rpc_controller, unittest_pb2.FooRequest(), MyCallback)
+    self.assertEqual(None, rpc_controller.failure_message)
+    self.assertEqual(True, srvc.foo_called)
+
+    rpc_controller.failure_message = None
+    srvc.CallMethod(service_descriptor.methods[1], rpc_controller,
+                    unittest_pb2.BarRequest(), MyCallback)
+    self.assertEqual(None, rpc_controller.failure_message)
+    self.assertEqual(True, srvc.bar_called)
+
+  def testServiceStub(self):
+    class MockRpcChannel(service.RpcChannel):
+      def CallMethod(self, method, controller, request,
+                     response_class, callback):
+        self.method = method
+        self.controller = controller
+        self.request = request
+        callback(response_class())
+
+    self.callback_response = None
+
+    def MyCallback(response):
+      self.callback_response = response
+
+    channel = MockRpcChannel()
+    stub = unittest_pb2.TestService_Stub(channel)
+    rpc_controller = 'controller'
+    request = 'request'
+
+    # GetDescriptor now static, still works as instance method for compatability
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestService_Stub.GetDescriptor(),
+                     stub.GetDescriptor())
+
+    # Invoke method.
+    stub.Foo(rpc_controller, request, MyCallback)
+
+    self.assertTrue(isinstance(self.callback_response,
+                               unittest_pb2.FooResponse))
+    self.assertEqual(request, channel.request)
+    self.assertEqual(rpc_controller, channel.controller)
+    self.assertEqual(stub.GetDescriptor().methods[0], channel.method)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/test_util.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/test_util.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e2c9db037
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/test_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,651 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Utilities for Python proto2 tests.
+
+This is intentionally modeled on C++ code in
+//google/protobuf/test_util.*.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+import os.path
+
+from google.protobuf import unittest_import_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+
+
+def SetAllNonLazyFields(message):
+  """Sets every non-lazy field in the message to a unique value.
+
+  Args:
+    message: A unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes instance.
+  """
+
+  #
+  # Optional fields.
+  #
+
+  message.optional_int32    = 101
+  message.optional_int64    = 102
+  message.optional_uint32   = 103
+  message.optional_uint64   = 104
+  message.optional_sint32   = 105
+  message.optional_sint64   = 106
+  message.optional_fixed32  = 107
+  message.optional_fixed64  = 108
+  message.optional_sfixed32 = 109
+  message.optional_sfixed64 = 110
+  message.optional_float    = 111
+  message.optional_double   = 112
+  message.optional_bool     = True
+  # TODO(robinson): Firmly spec out and test how
+  # protos interact with unicode.  One specific example:
+  # what happens if we change the literal below to
+  # u'115'?  What *should* happen?  Still some discussion
+  # to finish with Kenton about bytes vs. strings
+  # and forcing everything to be utf8. :-/
+  message.optional_string   = '115'
+  message.optional_bytes    = '116'
+
+  message.optionalgroup.a = 117
+  message.optional_nested_message.bb = 118
+  message.optional_foreign_message.c = 119
+  message.optional_import_message.d = 120
+  message.optional_public_import_message.e = 126
+
+  message.optional_nested_enum = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ
+  message.optional_foreign_enum = unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ
+  message.optional_import_enum = unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_BAZ
+
+  message.optional_string_piece = '124'
+  message.optional_cord = '125'
+
+  #
+  # Repeated fields.
+  #
+
+  message.repeated_int32.append(201)
+  message.repeated_int64.append(202)
+  message.repeated_uint32.append(203)
+  message.repeated_uint64.append(204)
+  message.repeated_sint32.append(205)
+  message.repeated_sint64.append(206)
+  message.repeated_fixed32.append(207)
+  message.repeated_fixed64.append(208)
+  message.repeated_sfixed32.append(209)
+  message.repeated_sfixed64.append(210)
+  message.repeated_float.append(211)
+  message.repeated_double.append(212)
+  message.repeated_bool.append(True)
+  message.repeated_string.append('215')
+  message.repeated_bytes.append('216')
+
+  message.repeatedgroup.add().a = 217
+  message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 218
+  message.repeated_foreign_message.add().c = 219
+  message.repeated_import_message.add().d = 220
+  message.repeated_lazy_message.add().bb = 227
+
+  message.repeated_nested_enum.append(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR)
+  message.repeated_foreign_enum.append(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR)
+  message.repeated_import_enum.append(unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_BAR)
+
+  message.repeated_string_piece.append('224')
+  message.repeated_cord.append('225')
+
+  # Add a second one of each field.
+  message.repeated_int32.append(301)
+  message.repeated_int64.append(302)
+  message.repeated_uint32.append(303)
+  message.repeated_uint64.append(304)
+  message.repeated_sint32.append(305)
+  message.repeated_sint64.append(306)
+  message.repeated_fixed32.append(307)
+  message.repeated_fixed64.append(308)
+  message.repeated_sfixed32.append(309)
+  message.repeated_sfixed64.append(310)
+  message.repeated_float.append(311)
+  message.repeated_double.append(312)
+  message.repeated_bool.append(False)
+  message.repeated_string.append('315')
+  message.repeated_bytes.append('316')
+
+  message.repeatedgroup.add().a = 317
+  message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 318
+  message.repeated_foreign_message.add().c = 319
+  message.repeated_import_message.add().d = 320
+  message.repeated_lazy_message.add().bb = 327
+
+  message.repeated_nested_enum.append(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ)
+  message.repeated_foreign_enum.append(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ)
+  message.repeated_import_enum.append(unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_BAZ)
+
+  message.repeated_string_piece.append('324')
+  message.repeated_cord.append('325')
+
+  #
+  # Fields that have defaults.
+  #
+
+  message.default_int32 = 401
+  message.default_int64 = 402
+  message.default_uint32 = 403
+  message.default_uint64 = 404
+  message.default_sint32 = 405
+  message.default_sint64 = 406
+  message.default_fixed32 = 407
+  message.default_fixed64 = 408
+  message.default_sfixed32 = 409
+  message.default_sfixed64 = 410
+  message.default_float = 411
+  message.default_double = 412
+  message.default_bool = False
+  message.default_string = '415'
+  message.default_bytes = '416'
+
+  message.default_nested_enum = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO
+  message.default_foreign_enum = unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_FOO
+  message.default_import_enum = unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_FOO
+
+  message.default_string_piece = '424'
+  message.default_cord = '425'
+
+
+def SetAllFields(message):
+  SetAllNonLazyFields(message)
+  message.optional_lazy_message.bb = 127
+
+
+def SetAllExtensions(message):
+  """Sets every extension in the message to a unique value.
+
+  Args:
+    message: A unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions instance.
+  """
+
+  extensions = message.Extensions
+  pb2 = unittest_pb2
+  import_pb2 = unittest_import_pb2
+
+  #
+  # Optional fields.
+  #
+
+  extensions[pb2.optional_int32_extension] = 101
+  extensions[pb2.optional_int64_extension] = 102
+  extensions[pb2.optional_uint32_extension] = 103
+  extensions[pb2.optional_uint64_extension] = 104
+  extensions[pb2.optional_sint32_extension] = 105
+  extensions[pb2.optional_sint64_extension] = 106
+  extensions[pb2.optional_fixed32_extension] = 107
+  extensions[pb2.optional_fixed64_extension] = 108
+  extensions[pb2.optional_sfixed32_extension] = 109
+  extensions[pb2.optional_sfixed64_extension] = 110
+  extensions[pb2.optional_float_extension] = 111
+  extensions[pb2.optional_double_extension] = 112
+  extensions[pb2.optional_bool_extension] = True
+  extensions[pb2.optional_string_extension] = '115'
+  extensions[pb2.optional_bytes_extension] = '116'
+
+  extensions[pb2.optionalgroup_extension].a = 117
+  extensions[pb2.optional_nested_message_extension].bb = 118
+  extensions[pb2.optional_foreign_message_extension].c = 119
+  extensions[pb2.optional_import_message_extension].d = 120
+  extensions[pb2.optional_public_import_message_extension].e = 126
+  extensions[pb2.optional_lazy_message_extension].bb = 127
+
+  extensions[pb2.optional_nested_enum_extension] = pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ
+  extensions[pb2.optional_nested_enum_extension] = pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ
+  extensions[pb2.optional_foreign_enum_extension] = pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ
+  extensions[pb2.optional_import_enum_extension] = import_pb2.IMPORT_BAZ
+
+  extensions[pb2.optional_string_piece_extension] = '124'
+  extensions[pb2.optional_cord_extension] = '125'
+
+  #
+  # Repeated fields.
+  #
+
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_int32_extension].append(201)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_int64_extension].append(202)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_uint32_extension].append(203)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_uint64_extension].append(204)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sint32_extension].append(205)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sint64_extension].append(206)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_fixed32_extension].append(207)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_fixed64_extension].append(208)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sfixed32_extension].append(209)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sfixed64_extension].append(210)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_float_extension].append(211)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_double_extension].append(212)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_bool_extension].append(True)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_string_extension].append('215')
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_bytes_extension].append('216')
+
+  extensions[pb2.repeatedgroup_extension].add().a = 217
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_nested_message_extension].add().bb = 218
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_foreign_message_extension].add().c = 219
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_import_message_extension].add().d = 220
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_lazy_message_extension].add().bb = 227
+
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_nested_enum_extension].append(pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_foreign_enum_extension].append(pb2.FOREIGN_BAR)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_import_enum_extension].append(import_pb2.IMPORT_BAR)
+
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_string_piece_extension].append('224')
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_cord_extension].append('225')
+
+  # Append a second one of each field.
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_int32_extension].append(301)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_int64_extension].append(302)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_uint32_extension].append(303)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_uint64_extension].append(304)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sint32_extension].append(305)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sint64_extension].append(306)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_fixed32_extension].append(307)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_fixed64_extension].append(308)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sfixed32_extension].append(309)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sfixed64_extension].append(310)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_float_extension].append(311)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_double_extension].append(312)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_bool_extension].append(False)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_string_extension].append('315')
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_bytes_extension].append('316')
+
+  extensions[pb2.repeatedgroup_extension].add().a = 317
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_nested_message_extension].add().bb = 318
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_foreign_message_extension].add().c = 319
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_import_message_extension].add().d = 320
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_lazy_message_extension].add().bb = 327
+
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_nested_enum_extension].append(pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_foreign_enum_extension].append(pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_import_enum_extension].append(import_pb2.IMPORT_BAZ)
+
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_string_piece_extension].append('324')
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_cord_extension].append('325')
+
+  #
+  # Fields with defaults.
+  #
+
+  extensions[pb2.default_int32_extension] = 401
+  extensions[pb2.default_int64_extension] = 402
+  extensions[pb2.default_uint32_extension] = 403
+  extensions[pb2.default_uint64_extension] = 404
+  extensions[pb2.default_sint32_extension] = 405
+  extensions[pb2.default_sint64_extension] = 406
+  extensions[pb2.default_fixed32_extension] = 407
+  extensions[pb2.default_fixed64_extension] = 408
+  extensions[pb2.default_sfixed32_extension] = 409
+  extensions[pb2.default_sfixed64_extension] = 410
+  extensions[pb2.default_float_extension] = 411
+  extensions[pb2.default_double_extension] = 412
+  extensions[pb2.default_bool_extension] = False
+  extensions[pb2.default_string_extension] = '415'
+  extensions[pb2.default_bytes_extension] = '416'
+
+  extensions[pb2.default_nested_enum_extension] = pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO
+  extensions[pb2.default_foreign_enum_extension] = pb2.FOREIGN_FOO
+  extensions[pb2.default_import_enum_extension] = import_pb2.IMPORT_FOO
+
+  extensions[pb2.default_string_piece_extension] = '424'
+  extensions[pb2.default_cord_extension] = '425'
+
+
+def SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(message):
+  """Sets every field and extension in the message to a unique value.
+
+  Args:
+    message: A unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions message.
+  """
+  message.my_int = 1
+  message.my_string = 'foo'
+  message.my_float = 1.0
+  message.Extensions[unittest_pb2.my_extension_int] = 23
+  message.Extensions[unittest_pb2.my_extension_string] = 'bar'
+
+
+def ExpectAllFieldsAndExtensionsInOrder(serialized):
+  """Ensures that serialized is the serialization we expect for a message
+  filled with SetAllFieldsAndExtensions().  (Specifically, ensures that the
+  serialization is in canonical, tag-number order).
+  """
+  my_extension_int = unittest_pb2.my_extension_int
+  my_extension_string = unittest_pb2.my_extension_string
+  expected_strings = []
+  message = unittest_pb2.TestFieldOrderings()
+  message.my_int = 1  # Field 1.
+  expected_strings.append(message.SerializeToString())
+  message.Clear()
+  message.Extensions[my_extension_int] = 23  # Field 5.
+  expected_strings.append(message.SerializeToString())
+  message.Clear()
+  message.my_string = 'foo'  # Field 11.
+  expected_strings.append(message.SerializeToString())
+  message.Clear()
+  message.Extensions[my_extension_string] = 'bar'  # Field 50.
+  expected_strings.append(message.SerializeToString())
+  message.Clear()
+  message.my_float = 1.0
+  expected_strings.append(message.SerializeToString())
+  message.Clear()
+  expected = ''.join(expected_strings)
+
+  if expected != serialized:
+    raise ValueError('Expected %r, found %r' % (expected, serialized))
+
+
+def ExpectAllFieldsSet(test_case, message):
+  """Check all fields for correct values have after Set*Fields() is called."""
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_int32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_int64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_uint32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_uint64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_sint32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_sint64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_fixed32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_fixed64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_sfixed32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_sfixed64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_float'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_double'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_bool'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_string'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_bytes'))
+
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optionalgroup'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_foreign_message'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_import_message'))
+
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.optionalgroup.HasField('a'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.optional_nested_message.HasField('bb'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.optional_foreign_message.HasField('c'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.optional_import_message.HasField('d'))
+
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_nested_enum'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_foreign_enum'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_import_enum'))
+
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_string_piece'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_cord'))
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(101, message.optional_int32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(102, message.optional_int64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(103, message.optional_uint32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(104, message.optional_uint64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(105, message.optional_sint32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(106, message.optional_sint64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(107, message.optional_fixed32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(108, message.optional_fixed64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(109, message.optional_sfixed32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(110, message.optional_sfixed64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(111, message.optional_float)
+  test_case.assertEqual(112, message.optional_double)
+  test_case.assertEqual(True, message.optional_bool)
+  test_case.assertEqual('115', message.optional_string)
+  test_case.assertEqual('116', message.optional_bytes)
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(117, message.optionalgroup.a)
+  test_case.assertEqual(118, message.optional_nested_message.bb)
+  test_case.assertEqual(119, message.optional_foreign_message.c)
+  test_case.assertEqual(120, message.optional_import_message.d)
+  test_case.assertEqual(126, message.optional_public_import_message.e)
+  test_case.assertEqual(127, message.optional_lazy_message.bb)
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ,
+                        message.optional_nested_enum)
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ,
+                        message.optional_foreign_enum)
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_BAZ,
+                        message.optional_import_enum)
+
+  # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_int32))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_int64))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_uint32))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_uint64))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_sint32))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_sint64))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_fixed32))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_fixed64))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_sfixed32))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_sfixed64))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_float))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_double))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_bool))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_string))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_bytes))
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeatedgroup))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_nested_message))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_foreign_message))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_import_message))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_nested_enum))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_foreign_enum))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_import_enum))
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_string_piece))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_cord))
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(201, message.repeated_int32[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(202, message.repeated_int64[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(203, message.repeated_uint32[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(204, message.repeated_uint64[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(205, message.repeated_sint32[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(206, message.repeated_sint64[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(207, message.repeated_fixed32[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(208, message.repeated_fixed64[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(209, message.repeated_sfixed32[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(210, message.repeated_sfixed64[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(211, message.repeated_float[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(212, message.repeated_double[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(True, message.repeated_bool[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual('215', message.repeated_string[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual('216', message.repeated_bytes[0])
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(217, message.repeatedgroup[0].a)
+  test_case.assertEqual(218, message.repeated_nested_message[0].bb)
+  test_case.assertEqual(219, message.repeated_foreign_message[0].c)
+  test_case.assertEqual(220, message.repeated_import_message[0].d)
+  test_case.assertEqual(227, message.repeated_lazy_message[0].bb)
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR,
+                        message.repeated_nested_enum[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR,
+                        message.repeated_foreign_enum[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_BAR,
+                        message.repeated_import_enum[0])
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(301, message.repeated_int32[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(302, message.repeated_int64[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(303, message.repeated_uint32[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(304, message.repeated_uint64[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(305, message.repeated_sint32[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(306, message.repeated_sint64[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(307, message.repeated_fixed32[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(308, message.repeated_fixed64[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(309, message.repeated_sfixed32[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(310, message.repeated_sfixed64[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(311, message.repeated_float[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(312, message.repeated_double[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(False, message.repeated_bool[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual('315', message.repeated_string[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual('316', message.repeated_bytes[1])
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(317, message.repeatedgroup[1].a)
+  test_case.assertEqual(318, message.repeated_nested_message[1].bb)
+  test_case.assertEqual(319, message.repeated_foreign_message[1].c)
+  test_case.assertEqual(320, message.repeated_import_message[1].d)
+  test_case.assertEqual(327, message.repeated_lazy_message[1].bb)
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ,
+                        message.repeated_nested_enum[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ,
+                        message.repeated_foreign_enum[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_BAZ,
+                        message.repeated_import_enum[1])
+
+  # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_int32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_int64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_uint32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_uint64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_sint32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_sint64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_fixed32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_fixed64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_sfixed32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_sfixed64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_float'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_double'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_bool'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_string'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_bytes'))
+
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_nested_enum'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_foreign_enum'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_import_enum'))
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(401, message.default_int32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(402, message.default_int64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(403, message.default_uint32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(404, message.default_uint64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(405, message.default_sint32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(406, message.default_sint64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(407, message.default_fixed32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(408, message.default_fixed64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(409, message.default_sfixed32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(410, message.default_sfixed64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(411, message.default_float)
+  test_case.assertEqual(412, message.default_double)
+  test_case.assertEqual(False, message.default_bool)
+  test_case.assertEqual('415', message.default_string)
+  test_case.assertEqual('416', message.default_bytes)
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO,
+                        message.default_nested_enum)
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_FOO,
+                        message.default_foreign_enum)
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_FOO,
+                        message.default_import_enum)
+
+def GoldenFile(filename):
+  """Finds the given golden file and returns a file object representing it."""
+
+  # Search up the directory tree looking for the C++ protobuf source code.
+  path = '.'
+  while os.path.exists(path):
+    if os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, 'tests/google/protobuf/internal')):
+      # Found it.  Load the golden file from the testdata directory.
+      full_path = os.path.join(path, 'tests/google/protobuf/internal', filename)
+      return open(full_path, 'rb')
+    path = os.path.join(path, '..')
+
+  raise RuntimeError(
+    'Could not find golden files.  This test must be run from within the '
+    'protobuf source package so that it can read test data files from the '
+    'C++ source tree.')
+
+
+def SetAllPackedFields(message):
+  """Sets every field in the message to a unique value.
+
+  Args:
+    message: A unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes instance.
+  """
+  message.packed_int32.extend([601, 701])
+  message.packed_int64.extend([602, 702])
+  message.packed_uint32.extend([603, 703])
+  message.packed_uint64.extend([604, 704])
+  message.packed_sint32.extend([605, 705])
+  message.packed_sint64.extend([606, 706])
+  message.packed_fixed32.extend([607, 707])
+  message.packed_fixed64.extend([608, 708])
+  message.packed_sfixed32.extend([609, 709])
+  message.packed_sfixed64.extend([610, 710])
+  message.packed_float.extend([611.0, 711.0])
+  message.packed_double.extend([612.0, 712.0])
+  message.packed_bool.extend([True, False])
+  message.packed_enum.extend([unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR,
+                              unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ])
+
+
+def SetAllPackedExtensions(message):
+  """Sets every extension in the message to a unique value.
+
+  Args:
+    message: A unittest_pb2.TestPackedExtensions instance.
+  """
+  extensions = message.Extensions
+  pb2 = unittest_pb2
+
+  extensions[pb2.packed_int32_extension].extend([601, 701])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_int64_extension].extend([602, 702])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_uint32_extension].extend([603, 703])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_uint64_extension].extend([604, 704])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_sint32_extension].extend([605, 705])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_sint64_extension].extend([606, 706])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_fixed32_extension].extend([607, 707])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_fixed64_extension].extend([608, 708])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_sfixed32_extension].extend([609, 709])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_sfixed64_extension].extend([610, 710])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_float_extension].extend([611.0, 711.0])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_double_extension].extend([612.0, 712.0])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_bool_extension].extend([True, False])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_enum_extension].extend([unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR,
+                                                unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ])
+
+
+def SetAllUnpackedFields(message):
+  """Sets every field in the message to a unique value.
+
+  Args:
+    message: A unittest_pb2.TestUnpackedTypes instance.
+  """
+  message.unpacked_int32.extend([601, 701])
+  message.unpacked_int64.extend([602, 702])
+  message.unpacked_uint32.extend([603, 703])
+  message.unpacked_uint64.extend([604, 704])
+  message.unpacked_sint32.extend([605, 705])
+  message.unpacked_sint64.extend([606, 706])
+  message.unpacked_fixed32.extend([607, 707])
+  message.unpacked_fixed64.extend([608, 708])
+  message.unpacked_sfixed32.extend([609, 709])
+  message.unpacked_sfixed64.extend([610, 710])
+  message.unpacked_float.extend([611.0, 711.0])
+  message.unpacked_double.extend([612.0, 712.0])
+  message.unpacked_bool.extend([True, False])
+  message.unpacked_enum.extend([unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR,
+                                unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ])
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1e6f063cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,622 @@
+#! /usr/bin/python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Test for google.protobuf.text_format."""
+
+__author__ = 'kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)'
+
+import difflib
+import re
+
+import unittest
+from google.protobuf import text_format
+from google.protobuf.internal import test_util
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_mset_pb2
+
+
+class TextFormatTest(unittest.TestCase):
+  def ReadGolden(self, golden_filename):
+    f = test_util.GoldenFile(golden_filename)
+    golden_lines = f.readlines()
+    f.close()
+    return golden_lines
+
+  def CompareToGoldenFile(self, text, golden_filename):
+    golden_lines = self.ReadGolden(golden_filename)
+    self.CompareToGoldenLines(text, golden_lines)
+
+  def CompareToGoldenText(self, text, golden_text):
+    self.CompareToGoldenLines(text, golden_text.splitlines(1))
+
+  def CompareToGoldenLines(self, text, golden_lines):
+    actual_lines = text.splitlines(1)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_lines, actual_lines,
+      "Text doesn't match golden.  Diff:\n" +
+      ''.join(difflib.ndiff(golden_lines, actual_lines)))
+
+  def testPrintAllFields(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(message)
+    self.CompareToGoldenFile(
+      self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(message)),
+      'text_format_unittest_data.txt')
+
+  def testPrintAllExtensions(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    test_util.SetAllExtensions(message)
+    self.CompareToGoldenFile(
+      self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(message)),
+      'text_format_unittest_extensions_data.txt')
+
+  def testPrintMessageSet(self):
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    ext1 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1.message_set_extension
+    ext2 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2.message_set_extension
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i = 23
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str = 'foo'
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(text_format.MessageToString(message),
+      'message_set {\n'
+      '  [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1] {\n'
+      '    i: 23\n'
+      '  }\n'
+      '  [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension2] {\n'
+      '    str: \"foo\"\n'
+      '  }\n'
+      '}\n')
+
+  """
+  def testPrintBadEnumValue(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    message.optional_nested_enum = 100
+    message.optional_foreign_enum = 101
+    message.optional_import_enum = 102
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message),
+        'optional_nested_enum: 100\n'
+        'optional_foreign_enum: 101\n'
+        'optional_import_enum: 102\n')
+
+  def testPrintBadEnumValueExtensions(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    message.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_nested_enum_extension] = 100
+    message.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_foreign_enum_extension] = 101
+    message.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_import_enum_extension] = 102
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message),
+        '[protobuf_unittest.optional_nested_enum_extension]: 100\n'
+        '[protobuf_unittest.optional_foreign_enum_extension]: 101\n'
+        '[protobuf_unittest.optional_import_enum_extension]: 102\n')
+  """
+
+  def testPrintExotic(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    message.repeated_int64.append(-9223372036854775808)
+    message.repeated_uint64.append(18446744073709551615)
+    message.repeated_double.append(123.456)
+    message.repeated_double.append(1.23e22)
+    message.repeated_double.append(1.23e-18)
+    message.repeated_string.append('\000\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'"')
+    message.repeated_string.append(u'\u00fc\ua71f')
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+      self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(message)),
+      'repeated_int64: -9223372036854775808\n'
+      'repeated_uint64: 18446744073709551615\n'
+      'repeated_double: 123.456\n'
+      'repeated_double: 1.23e+22\n'
+      'repeated_double: 1.23e-18\n'
+      'repeated_string: '
+        '"\\000\\001\\007\\010\\014\\n\\r\\t\\013\\\\\\\'\\""\n'
+      'repeated_string: "\\303\\274\\352\\234\\237"\n')
+
+  def testPrintNestedMessageAsOneLine(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    msg = message.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    msg.bb = 42;
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message, as_one_line=True),
+        'repeated_nested_message { bb: 42 }')
+
+  def testPrintRepeatedFieldsAsOneLine(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    message.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(3)
+    message.repeated_string.append("Google")
+    message.repeated_string.append("Zurich")
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message, as_one_line=True),
+        'repeated_int32: 1 repeated_int32: 1 repeated_int32: 3 '
+        'repeated_string: "Google" repeated_string: "Zurich"')
+
+  def testPrintNestedNewLineInStringAsOneLine(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    message.optional_string = "a\nnew\nline"
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message, as_one_line=True),
+        'optional_string: "a\\nnew\\nline"')
+
+  def testPrintMessageSetAsOneLine(self):
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    ext1 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1.message_set_extension
+    ext2 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2.message_set_extension
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i = 23
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str = 'foo'
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message, as_one_line=True),
+        'message_set {'
+        ' [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1] {'
+        ' i: 23'
+        ' }'
+        ' [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension2] {'
+        ' str: \"foo\"'
+        ' }'
+        ' }')
+
+  def testPrintExoticAsOneLine(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    message.repeated_int64.append(-9223372036854775808)
+    message.repeated_uint64.append(18446744073709551615)
+    message.repeated_double.append(123.456)
+    message.repeated_double.append(1.23e22)
+    message.repeated_double.append(1.23e-18)
+    message.repeated_string.append('\000\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'"')
+    message.repeated_string.append(u'\u00fc\ua71f')
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+      self.RemoveRedundantZeros(
+          text_format.MessageToString(message, as_one_line=True)),
+      'repeated_int64: -9223372036854775808'
+      ' repeated_uint64: 18446744073709551615'
+      ' repeated_double: 123.456'
+      ' repeated_double: 1.23e+22'
+      ' repeated_double: 1.23e-18'
+      ' repeated_string: '
+      '"\\000\\001\\007\\010\\014\\n\\r\\t\\013\\\\\\\'\\""'
+      ' repeated_string: "\\303\\274\\352\\234\\237"')
+
+  def testRoundTripExoticAsOneLine(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    message.repeated_int64.append(-9223372036854775808)
+    message.repeated_uint64.append(18446744073709551615)
+    message.repeated_double.append(123.456)
+    message.repeated_double.append(1.23e22)
+    message.repeated_double.append(1.23e-18)
+    message.repeated_string.append('\000\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'"')
+    message.repeated_string.append(u'\u00fc\ua71f')
+
+    # Test as_utf8 = False.
+    wire_text = text_format.MessageToString(
+        message, as_one_line=True, as_utf8=False)
+    parsed_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Merge(wire_text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEquals(message, parsed_message)
+
+    # Test as_utf8 = True.
+    wire_text = text_format.MessageToString(
+        message, as_one_line=True, as_utf8=True)
+    parsed_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Merge(wire_text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEquals(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testPrintRawUtf8String(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    message.repeated_string.append(u'\u00fc\ua71f')
+    text = text_format.MessageToString(message, as_utf8 = True)
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(text, 'repeated_string: "\303\274\352\234\237"\n')
+    parsed_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Merge(text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEquals(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testMessageToString(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage()
+    message.c = 123
+    self.assertEqual('c: 123\n', str(message))
+
+  def RemoveRedundantZeros(self, text):
+    # Some platforms print 1e+5 as 1e+005.  This is fine, but we need to remove
+    # these zeros in order to match the golden file.
+    text = text.replace('e+0','e+').replace('e+0','e+') \
+               .replace('e-0','e-').replace('e-0','e-')
+    # Floating point fields are printed with .0 suffix even if they are
+    # actualy integer numbers.
+    text = re.compile(r'\.0$', re.MULTILINE).sub('', text)
+    return text
+
+  def testMergeGolden(self):
+    golden_text = '\n'.join(self.ReadGolden('text_format_unittest_data.txt'))
+    parsed_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Merge(golden_text, parsed_message)
+
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(message)
+    self.assertEquals(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testMergeGoldenExtensions(self):
+    golden_text = '\n'.join(self.ReadGolden(
+        'text_format_unittest_extensions_data.txt'))
+    parsed_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    text_format.Merge(golden_text, parsed_message)
+
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    test_util.SetAllExtensions(message)
+    self.assertEquals(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testMergeAllFields(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(message)
+    ascii_text = text_format.MessageToString(message)
+
+    parsed_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Merge(ascii_text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+    test_util.ExpectAllFieldsSet(self, message)
+
+  def testMergeAllExtensions(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    test_util.SetAllExtensions(message)
+    ascii_text = text_format.MessageToString(message)
+
+    parsed_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    text_format.Merge(ascii_text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testMergeMessageSet(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ('repeated_uint64: 1\n'
+            'repeated_uint64: 2\n')
+    text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    self.assertEqual(1, message.repeated_uint64[0])
+    self.assertEqual(2, message.repeated_uint64[1])
+
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    text = ('message_set {\n'
+            '  [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1] {\n'
+            '    i: 23\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '  [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension2] {\n'
+            '    str: \"foo\"\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    ext1 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1.message_set_extension
+    ext2 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2.message_set_extension
+    self.assertEquals(23, message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i)
+    self.assertEquals('foo', message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str)
+
+  def testMergeExotic(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ('repeated_int64: -9223372036854775808\n'
+            'repeated_uint64: 18446744073709551615\n'
+            'repeated_double: 123.456\n'
+            'repeated_double: 1.23e+22\n'
+            'repeated_double: 1.23e-18\n'
+            'repeated_string: \n'
+            '"\\000\\001\\007\\010\\014\\n\\r\\t\\013\\\\\\\'\\""\n'
+            'repeated_string: "foo" \'corge\' "grault"\n'
+            'repeated_string: "\\303\\274\\352\\234\\237"\n'
+            'repeated_string: "\\xc3\\xbc"\n'
+            'repeated_string: "\xc3\xbc"\n')
+    text_format.Merge(text, message)
+
+    self.assertEqual(-9223372036854775808, message.repeated_int64[0])
+    self.assertEqual(18446744073709551615, message.repeated_uint64[0])
+    self.assertEqual(123.456, message.repeated_double[0])
+    self.assertEqual(1.23e22, message.repeated_double[1])
+    self.assertEqual(1.23e-18, message.repeated_double[2])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        '\000\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'"', message.repeated_string[0])
+    self.assertEqual('foocorgegrault', message.repeated_string[1])
+    self.assertEqual(u'\u00fc\ua71f', message.repeated_string[2])
+    self.assertEqual(u'\u00fc', message.repeated_string[3])
+
+  def testMergeEmptyText(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ''
+    text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    self.assertEquals(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(), message)
+
+  def testMergeInvalidUtf8(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'repeated_string: "\\xc3\\xc3"'
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, text_format.Merge, text, message)
+
+  def testMergeSingleWord(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'foo'
+    self.assertRaisesWithMessage(
+        text_format.ParseError,
+        ('1:1 : Message type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes" has no field named '
+         '"foo".'),
+        text_format.Merge, text, message)
+
+  def testMergeUnknownField(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'unknown_field: 8\n'
+    self.assertRaisesWithMessage(
+        text_format.ParseError,
+        ('1:1 : Message type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes" has no field named '
+         '"unknown_field".'),
+        text_format.Merge, text, message)
+
+  def testMergeBadExtension(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    text = '[unknown_extension]: 8\n'
+    self.assertRaises(
+        text_format.ParseError,
+        text_format.Merge, text, message)
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertRaisesWithMessage(
+        text_format.ParseError,
+        ('1:2 : Message type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes" does not have '
+         'extensions.'),
+        text_format.Merge, text, message)
+
+  def testMergeGroupNotClosed(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'RepeatedGroup: <'
+    self.assertRaisesWithMessage(
+        text_format.ParseError, '1:16 : Expected ">".',
+        text_format.Merge, text, message)
+
+    text = 'RepeatedGroup: {'
+    self.assertRaisesWithMessage(
+        text_format.ParseError, '1:16 : Expected "}".',
+        text_format.Merge, text, message)
+
+  def testMergeEmptyGroup(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'OptionalGroup: {}'
+    text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    self.assertTrue(message.HasField('optionalgroup'))
+
+    message.Clear()
+
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'OptionalGroup: <>'
+    text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    self.assertTrue(message.HasField('optionalgroup'))
+
+  def testMergeBadEnumValue(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'optional_nested_enum: BARR'
+    self.assertRaisesWithMessage(
+        text_format.ParseError,
+        ('1:23 : \'optional_nested_enum: BARR\': '
+         'Enum type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum" '
+         'has no value named BARR.'),
+        text_format.Merge, text, message)
+
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'optional_nested_enum: 100'
+    self.assertRaisesWithMessage(
+        text_format.ParseError,
+        ('1:23 : \'optional_nested_enum: 100\': '
+         'Enum type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum" '
+         'has no value with number 100.'),
+        text_format.Merge, text, message)
+
+  def testMergeBadIntValue(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'optional_int32: bork'
+    self.assertRaisesWithMessage(
+        text_format.ParseError,
+        ('1:17 : \'optional_int32: bork\': '
+         'Couldn\'t parse integer: bork'),
+        text_format.Merge, text, message)
+
+  def testMergeStringFieldUnescape(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = r'''repeated_string: "\xf\x62"
+               repeated_string: "\\xf\\x62"
+               repeated_string: "\\\xf\\\x62"
+               repeated_string: "\\\\xf\\\\x62"
+               repeated_string: "\\\\\xf\\\\\x62"
+               repeated_string: "\x5cx20"'''
+    text_format.Merge(text, message)
+
+    SLASH = '\\'
+    self.assertEqual('\x0fb', message.repeated_string[0])
+    self.assertEqual(SLASH + 'xf' + SLASH + 'x62', message.repeated_string[1])
+    self.assertEqual(SLASH + '\x0f' + SLASH + 'b', message.repeated_string[2])
+    self.assertEqual(SLASH + SLASH + 'xf' + SLASH + SLASH + 'x62',
+                     message.repeated_string[3])
+    self.assertEqual(SLASH + SLASH + '\x0f' + SLASH + SLASH + 'b',
+                     message.repeated_string[4])
+    self.assertEqual(SLASH + 'x20', message.repeated_string[5])
+
+  def assertRaisesWithMessage(self, e_class, e, func, *args, **kwargs):
+    """Same as assertRaises, but also compares the exception message."""
+    if hasattr(e_class, '__name__'):
+      exc_name = e_class.__name__
+    else:
+      exc_name = str(e_class)
+
+    try:
+      func(*args, **kwargs)
+    except e_class as expr:
+      if str(expr) != e:
+        msg = '%s raised, but with wrong message: "%s" instead of "%s"'
+        raise self.failureException(msg % (exc_name,
+                                           str(expr).encode('string_escape'),
+                                           e.encode('string_escape')))
+      return
+    else:
+      raise self.failureException('%s not raised' % exc_name)
+
+
+class TokenizerTest(unittest.TestCase):
+  """
+  def testSimpleTokenCases(self):
+    text = ('identifier1:"string1"\n     \n\n'
+            'identifier2 : \n \n123  \n  identifier3 :\'string\'\n'
+            'identifiER_4 : 1.1e+2 ID5:-0.23 ID6:\'aaaa\\\'bbbb\'\n'
+            'ID7 : "aa\\"bb"\n\n\n\n ID8: {A:inf B:-inf C:true D:false}\n'
+            'ID9: 22 ID10: -111111111111111111 ID11: -22\n'
+            'ID12: 2222222222222222222 ID13: 1.23456f ID14: 1.2e+2f '
+            'false_bool:  0 true_BOOL:t \n true_bool1:  1 false_BOOL1:f ' )
+    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text)
+    methods = [(tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifier1'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeString, 'string1'),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifier2'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeInt32, 123),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifier3'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeString, 'string'),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifiER_4'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, 1.1e+2),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID5'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, -0.23),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID6'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeString, 'aaaa\'bbbb'),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID7'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeString, 'aa\"bb'),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID8'),
+               ':',
+               '{',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'A'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, float('inf')),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'B'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, -float('inf')),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'C'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, True),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'D'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, False),
+               '}',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID9'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeUint32, 22),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID10'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeInt64, -111111111111111111),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID11'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeInt32, -22),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID12'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeUint64, 2222222222222222222),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID13'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, 1.23456),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID14'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, 1.2e+2),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'false_bool'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, False),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'true_BOOL'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, True),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'true_bool1'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, True),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'false_BOOL1'),
+               ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, False)]
+
+    i = 0
+    while not tokenizer.AtEnd():
+      m = methods[i]
+      if type(m) == str:
+        token = tokenizer.token
+        self.assertEqual(token, m)
+        tokenizer.NextToken()
+      else:
+        self.assertEqual(m[1], m[0]())
+      i += 1
+
+  def testConsumeIntegers(self):
+    # This test only tests the failures in the integer parsing methods as well
+    # as the '0' special cases.
+    int64_max = (1 << 63) - 1
+    uint32_max = (1 << 32) - 1
+    text = '-1 %d %d' % (uint32_max + 1, int64_max + 1)
+    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeUint32)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeUint64)
+    self.assertEqual(-1, tokenizer.ConsumeInt32())
+
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeUint32)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeInt32)
+    self.assertEqual(uint32_max + 1, tokenizer.ConsumeInt64())
+
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeInt64)
+    self.assertEqual(int64_max + 1, tokenizer.ConsumeUint64())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+    text = '-0 -0 0 0'
+    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text)
+    self.assertEqual(0, tokenizer.ConsumeUint32())
+    self.assertEqual(0, tokenizer.ConsumeUint64())
+    self.assertEqual(0, tokenizer.ConsumeUint32())
+    self.assertEqual(0, tokenizer.ConsumeUint64())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+    """
+
+  def testConsumeByteString(self):
+    text = '"string1\''
+    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
+
+    text = 'string1"'
+    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
+
+    text = '\n"\\xt"'
+    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
+
+    text = '\n"\\"'
+    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
+
+    text = '\n"\\x"'
+    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
+
+  def testConsumeBool(self):
+    text = 'not-a-bool'
+    tokenizer = text_format._Tokenizer(text)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeBool)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_unittest_data.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_unittest_data.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bbe588263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_unittest_data.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+optional_int32: 101
+optional_int64: 102
+optional_uint32: 103
+optional_uint64: 104
+optional_sint32: 105
+optional_sint64: 106
+optional_fixed32: 107
+optional_fixed64: 108
+optional_sfixed32: 109
+optional_sfixed64: 110
+optional_float: 111
+optional_double: 112
+optional_bool: true
+optional_string: "115"
+optional_bytes: "116"
+OptionalGroup {
+  a: 117
+}
+optional_nested_message {
+  bb: 118
+}
+optional_foreign_message {
+  c: 119
+}
+optional_import_message {
+  d: 120
+}
+optional_nested_enum: BAZ
+optional_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAZ
+optional_import_enum: IMPORT_BAZ
+optional_string_piece: "124"
+optional_cord: "125"
+optional_public_import_message {
+  e: 126
+}
+optional_lazy_message {
+  bb: 127
+}
+repeated_int32: 201
+repeated_int32: 301
+repeated_int64: 202
+repeated_int64: 302
+repeated_uint32: 203
+repeated_uint32: 303
+repeated_uint64: 204
+repeated_uint64: 304
+repeated_sint32: 205
+repeated_sint32: 305
+repeated_sint64: 206
+repeated_sint64: 306
+repeated_fixed32: 207
+repeated_fixed32: 307
+repeated_fixed64: 208
+repeated_fixed64: 308
+repeated_sfixed32: 209
+repeated_sfixed32: 309
+repeated_sfixed64: 210
+repeated_sfixed64: 310
+repeated_float: 211
+repeated_float: 311
+repeated_double: 212
+repeated_double: 312
+repeated_bool: true
+repeated_bool: false
+repeated_string: "215"
+repeated_string: "315"
+repeated_bytes: "216"
+repeated_bytes: "316"
+RepeatedGroup {
+  a: 217
+}
+RepeatedGroup {
+  a: 317
+}
+repeated_nested_message {
+  bb: 218
+}
+repeated_nested_message {
+  bb: 318
+}
+repeated_foreign_message {
+  c: 219
+}
+repeated_foreign_message {
+  c: 319
+}
+repeated_import_message {
+  d: 220
+}
+repeated_import_message {
+  d: 320
+}
+repeated_nested_enum: BAR
+repeated_nested_enum: BAZ
+repeated_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAR
+repeated_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAZ
+repeated_import_enum: IMPORT_BAR
+repeated_import_enum: IMPORT_BAZ
+repeated_string_piece: "224"
+repeated_string_piece: "324"
+repeated_cord: "225"
+repeated_cord: "325"
+repeated_lazy_message {
+  bb: 227
+}
+repeated_lazy_message {
+  bb: 327
+}
+default_int32: 401
+default_int64: 402
+default_uint32: 403
+default_uint64: 404
+default_sint32: 405
+default_sint64: 406
+default_fixed32: 407
+default_fixed64: 408
+default_sfixed32: 409
+default_sfixed64: 410
+default_float: 411
+default_double: 412
+default_bool: false
+default_string: "415"
+default_bytes: "416"
+default_nested_enum: FOO
+default_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_FOO
+default_import_enum: IMPORT_FOO
+default_string_piece: "424"
+default_cord: "425"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_unittest_extensions_data.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_unittest_extensions_data.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a217f025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_unittest_extensions_data.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension]: 101
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_int64_extension]: 102
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_uint32_extension]: 103
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_uint64_extension]: 104
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_sint32_extension]: 105
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_sint64_extension]: 106
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_fixed32_extension]: 107
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_fixed64_extension]: 108
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_sfixed32_extension]: 109
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_sfixed64_extension]: 110
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_float_extension]: 111
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_double_extension]: 112
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_bool_extension]: true
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_string_extension]: "115"
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_bytes_extension]: "116"
+[protobuf_unittest.optionalgroup_extension] {
+  a: 117
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_nested_message_extension] {
+  bb: 118
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_foreign_message_extension] {
+  c: 119
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_import_message_extension] {
+  d: 120
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_nested_enum_extension]: BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_foreign_enum_extension]: FOREIGN_BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_import_enum_extension]: IMPORT_BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_string_piece_extension]: "124"
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_cord_extension]: "125"
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_public_import_message_extension] {
+  e: 126
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_lazy_message_extension] {
+  bb: 127
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_int32_extension]: 201
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_int32_extension]: 301
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_int64_extension]: 202
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_int64_extension]: 302
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_uint32_extension]: 203
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_uint32_extension]: 303
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_uint64_extension]: 204
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_uint64_extension]: 304
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sint32_extension]: 205
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sint32_extension]: 305
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sint64_extension]: 206
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sint64_extension]: 306
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_fixed32_extension]: 207
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_fixed32_extension]: 307
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_fixed64_extension]: 208
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_fixed64_extension]: 308
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sfixed32_extension]: 209
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sfixed32_extension]: 309
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sfixed64_extension]: 210
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sfixed64_extension]: 310
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_float_extension]: 211
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_float_extension]: 311
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_double_extension]: 212
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_double_extension]: 312
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_bool_extension]: true
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_bool_extension]: false
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_string_extension]: "215"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_string_extension]: "315"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_bytes_extension]: "216"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_bytes_extension]: "316"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeatedgroup_extension] {
+  a: 217
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeatedgroup_extension] {
+  a: 317
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension] {
+  bb: 218
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension] {
+  bb: 318
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_foreign_message_extension] {
+  c: 219
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_foreign_message_extension] {
+  c: 319
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_import_message_extension] {
+  d: 220
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_import_message_extension] {
+  d: 320
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_enum_extension]: BAR
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_enum_extension]: BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_foreign_enum_extension]: FOREIGN_BAR
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_foreign_enum_extension]: FOREIGN_BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_import_enum_extension]: IMPORT_BAR
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_import_enum_extension]: IMPORT_BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_string_piece_extension]: "224"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_string_piece_extension]: "324"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_cord_extension]: "225"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_cord_extension]: "325"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_lazy_message_extension] {
+  bb: 227
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_lazy_message_extension] {
+  bb: 327
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.default_int32_extension]: 401
+[protobuf_unittest.default_int64_extension]: 402
+[protobuf_unittest.default_uint32_extension]: 403
+[protobuf_unittest.default_uint64_extension]: 404
+[protobuf_unittest.default_sint32_extension]: 405
+[protobuf_unittest.default_sint64_extension]: 406
+[protobuf_unittest.default_fixed32_extension]: 407
+[protobuf_unittest.default_fixed64_extension]: 408
+[protobuf_unittest.default_sfixed32_extension]: 409
+[protobuf_unittest.default_sfixed64_extension]: 410
+[protobuf_unittest.default_float_extension]: 411
+[protobuf_unittest.default_double_extension]: 412
+[protobuf_unittest.default_bool_extension]: false
+[protobuf_unittest.default_string_extension]: "415"
+[protobuf_unittest.default_bytes_extension]: "416"
+[protobuf_unittest.default_nested_enum_extension]: FOO
+[protobuf_unittest.default_foreign_enum_extension]: FOREIGN_FOO
+[protobuf_unittest.default_import_enum_extension]: IMPORT_FOO
+[protobuf_unittest.default_string_piece_extension]: "424"
+[protobuf_unittest.default_cord_extension]: "425"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/wire_format_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/wire_format_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..760077860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0/tests/google/protobuf/internal/wire_format_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+#! /usr/bin/python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Test for google.protobuf.internal.wire_format."""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+import unittest
+from google.protobuf import message
+from google.protobuf.internal import wire_format
+
+
+class WireFormatTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testPackTag(self):
+    field_number = 0xabc
+    tag_type = 2
+    self.assertEqual((field_number << 3) | tag_type,
+                     wire_format.PackTag(field_number, tag_type))
+    PackTag = wire_format.PackTag
+    # Number too high.
+    self.assertRaises(message.EncodeError, PackTag, field_number, 6)
+    # Number too low.
+    self.assertRaises(message.EncodeError, PackTag, field_number, -1)
+
+  def testUnpackTag(self):
+    # Test field numbers that will require various varint sizes.
+    for expected_field_number in (1, 15, 16, 2047, 2048):
+      for expected_wire_type in range(6):  # Highest-numbered wiretype is 5.
+        field_number, wire_type = wire_format.UnpackTag(
+            wire_format.PackTag(expected_field_number, expected_wire_type))
+        self.assertEqual(expected_field_number, field_number)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_wire_type, wire_type)
+
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, wire_format.UnpackTag, None)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, wire_format.UnpackTag, 'abc')
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, wire_format.UnpackTag, 0.0)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, wire_format.UnpackTag, object())
+
+  def testZigZagEncode(self):
+    Z = wire_format.ZigZagEncode
+    self.assertEqual(0, Z(0))
+    self.assertEqual(1, Z(-1))
+    self.assertEqual(2, Z(1))
+    self.assertEqual(3, Z(-2))
+    self.assertEqual(4, Z(2))
+    self.assertEqual(0xfffffffe, Z(0x7fffffff))
+    self.assertEqual(0xffffffff, Z(-0x80000000))
+    self.assertEqual(0xfffffffffffffffe, Z(0x7fffffffffffffff))
+    self.assertEqual(0xffffffffffffffff, Z(-0x8000000000000000))
+
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, None)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, 'abcd')
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, 0.0)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, object())
+
+  def testZigZagDecode(self):
+    Z = wire_format.ZigZagDecode
+    self.assertEqual(0, Z(0))
+    self.assertEqual(-1, Z(1))
+    self.assertEqual(1, Z(2))
+    self.assertEqual(-2, Z(3))
+    self.assertEqual(2, Z(4))
+    self.assertEqual(0x7fffffff, Z(0xfffffffe))
+    self.assertEqual(-0x80000000, Z(0xffffffff))
+    self.assertEqual(0x7fffffffffffffff, Z(0xfffffffffffffffe))
+    self.assertEqual(-0x8000000000000000, Z(0xffffffffffffffff))
+
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, None)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, 'abcd')
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, 0.0)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, object())
+
+  def NumericByteSizeTestHelper(self, byte_size_fn, value, expected_value_size):
+    # Use field numbers that cause various byte sizes for the tag information.
+    for field_number, tag_bytes in ((15, 1), (16, 2), (2047, 2), (2048, 3)):
+      expected_size = expected_value_size + tag_bytes
+      actual_size = byte_size_fn(field_number, value)
+      self.assertEqual(expected_size, actual_size,
+                       'byte_size_fn: %s, field_number: %d, value: %r\n'
+                       'Expected: %d, Actual: %d'% (
+          byte_size_fn, field_number, value, expected_size, actual_size))
+
+  def testByteSizeFunctions(self):
+    # Test all numeric *ByteSize() functions.
+    NUMERIC_ARGS = [
+        # Int32ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.Int32ByteSize, 0, 1],
+        [wire_format.Int32ByteSize, 127, 1],
+        [wire_format.Int32ByteSize, 128, 2],
+        [wire_format.Int32ByteSize, -1, 10],
+        # Int64ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.Int64ByteSize, 0, 1],
+        [wire_format.Int64ByteSize, 127, 1],
+        [wire_format.Int64ByteSize, 128, 2],
+        [wire_format.Int64ByteSize, -1, 10],
+        # UInt32ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.UInt32ByteSize, 0, 1],
+        [wire_format.UInt32ByteSize, 127, 1],
+        [wire_format.UInt32ByteSize, 128, 2],
+        [wire_format.UInt32ByteSize, wire_format.UINT32_MAX, 5],
+        # UInt64ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.UInt64ByteSize, 0, 1],
+        [wire_format.UInt64ByteSize, 127, 1],
+        [wire_format.UInt64ByteSize, 128, 2],
+        [wire_format.UInt64ByteSize, wire_format.UINT64_MAX, 10],
+        # SInt32ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.SInt32ByteSize, 0, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt32ByteSize, -1, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt32ByteSize, 1, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt32ByteSize, -63, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt32ByteSize, 63, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt32ByteSize, -64, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt32ByteSize, 64, 2],
+        # SInt64ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.SInt64ByteSize, 0, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt64ByteSize, -1, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt64ByteSize, 1, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt64ByteSize, -63, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt64ByteSize, 63, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt64ByteSize, -64, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt64ByteSize, 64, 2],
+        # Fixed32ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.Fixed32ByteSize, 0, 4],
+        [wire_format.Fixed32ByteSize, wire_format.UINT32_MAX, 4],
+        # Fixed64ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.Fixed64ByteSize, 0, 8],
+        [wire_format.Fixed64ByteSize, wire_format.UINT64_MAX, 8],
+        # SFixed32ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.SFixed32ByteSize, 0, 4],
+        [wire_format.SFixed32ByteSize, wire_format.INT32_MIN, 4],
+        [wire_format.SFixed32ByteSize, wire_format.INT32_MAX, 4],
+        # SFixed64ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.SFixed64ByteSize, 0, 8],
+        [wire_format.SFixed64ByteSize, wire_format.INT64_MIN, 8],
+        [wire_format.SFixed64ByteSize, wire_format.INT64_MAX, 8],
+        # FloatByteSize().
+        [wire_format.FloatByteSize, 0.0, 4],
+        [wire_format.FloatByteSize, 1000000000.0, 4],
+        [wire_format.FloatByteSize, -1000000000.0, 4],
+        # DoubleByteSize().
+        [wire_format.DoubleByteSize, 0.0, 8],
+        [wire_format.DoubleByteSize, 1000000000.0, 8],
+        [wire_format.DoubleByteSize, -1000000000.0, 8],
+        # BoolByteSize().
+        [wire_format.BoolByteSize, False, 1],
+        [wire_format.BoolByteSize, True, 1],
+        # EnumByteSize().
+        [wire_format.EnumByteSize, 0, 1],
+        [wire_format.EnumByteSize, 127, 1],
+        [wire_format.EnumByteSize, 128, 2],
+        [wire_format.EnumByteSize, wire_format.UINT32_MAX, 5],
+        ]
+    for args in NUMERIC_ARGS:
+      self.NumericByteSizeTestHelper(*args)
+
+    # Test strings and bytes.
+    for byte_size_fn in (wire_format.StringByteSize, wire_format.BytesByteSize):
+      # 1 byte for tag, 1 byte for length, 3 bytes for contents.
+      self.assertEqual(5, byte_size_fn(10, 'abc'))
+      # 2 bytes for tag, 1 byte for length, 3 bytes for contents.
+      self.assertEqual(6, byte_size_fn(16, 'abc'))
+      # 2 bytes for tag, 2 bytes for length, 128 bytes for contents.
+      self.assertEqual(132, byte_size_fn(16, 'a' * 128))
+
+    # Test UTF-8 string byte size calculation.
+    # 1 byte for tag, 1 byte for length, 8 bytes for content.
+    self.assertEqual(10, wire_format.StringByteSize(
+        5, unicode('\xd0\xa2\xd0\xb5\xd1\x81\xd1\x82', 'utf-8')))
+
+    class MockMessage(object):
+      def __init__(self, byte_size):
+        self.byte_size = byte_size
+      def ByteSize(self):
+        return self.byte_size
+
+    message_byte_size = 10
+    mock_message = MockMessage(byte_size=message_byte_size)
+    # Test groups.
+    # (2 * 1) bytes for begin and end tags, plus message_byte_size.
+    self.assertEqual(2 + message_byte_size,
+                     wire_format.GroupByteSize(1, mock_message))
+    # (2 * 2) bytes for begin and end tags, plus message_byte_size.
+    self.assertEqual(4 + message_byte_size,
+                     wire_format.GroupByteSize(16, mock_message))
+
+    # Test messages.
+    # 1 byte for tag, plus 1 byte for length, plus contents.
+    self.assertEqual(2 + mock_message.byte_size,
+                     wire_format.MessageByteSize(1, mock_message))
+    # 2 bytes for tag, plus 1 byte for length, plus contents.
+    self.assertEqual(3 + mock_message.byte_size,
+                     wire_format.MessageByteSize(16, mock_message))
+    # 2 bytes for tag, plus 2 bytes for length, plus contents.
+    mock_message.byte_size = 128
+    self.assertEqual(4 + mock_message.byte_size,
+                     wire_format.MessageByteSize(16, mock_message))
+
+
+    # Test message set item byte size.
+    # 4 bytes for tags, plus 1 byte for length, plus 1 byte for type_id,
+    # plus contents.
+    mock_message.byte_size = 10
+    self.assertEqual(mock_message.byte_size + 6,
+                     wire_format.MessageSetItemByteSize(1, mock_message))
+
+    # 4 bytes for tags, plus 2 bytes for length, plus 1 byte for type_id,
+    # plus contents.
+    mock_message.byte_size = 128
+    self.assertEqual(mock_message.byte_size + 7,
+                     wire_format.MessageSetItemByteSize(1, mock_message))
+
+    # 4 bytes for tags, plus 2 bytes for length, plus 2 byte for type_id,
+    # plus contents.
+    self.assertEqual(mock_message.byte_size + 8,
+                     wire_format.MessageSetItemByteSize(128, mock_message))
+
+    # Too-long varint.
+    self.assertRaises(message.EncodeError,
+                      wire_format.UInt64ByteSize, 1, 1 << 128)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/__init__.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..558561412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+try:
+  __import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__)
+except ImportError:
+  __path__ = __import__('pkgutil').extend_path(__path__, __name__)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/__init__.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cc9a06a0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# Copyright 2007 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+
+__version__ = '3.11.4'
+
+if __name__ != '__main__':
+  try:
+    __import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__)
+  except ImportError:
+    __path__ = __import__('pkgutil').extend_path(__path__, __name__)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/compiler/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/compiler/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/descriptor.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/descriptor.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78d889a29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/descriptor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1078 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Descriptors essentially contain exactly the information found in a .proto
+file, in types that make this information accessible in Python.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+import threading
+import six
+
+from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+
+_USE_C_DESCRIPTORS = False
+if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+  # Used by MakeDescriptor in cpp mode
+  import binascii
+  import os
+  from google.protobuf.pyext import _message
+  _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS = True
+
+
+class Error(Exception):
+  """Base error for this module."""
+
+
+class TypeTransformationError(Error):
+  """Error transforming between python proto type and corresponding C++ type."""
+
+
+if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+  # This metaclass allows to override the behavior of code like
+  #     isinstance(my_descriptor, FieldDescriptor)
+  # and make it return True when the descriptor is an instance of the extension
+  # type written in C++.
+  class DescriptorMetaclass(type):
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, obj):
+      if super(DescriptorMetaclass, cls).__instancecheck__(obj):
+        return True
+      if isinstance(obj, cls._C_DESCRIPTOR_CLASS):
+        return True
+      return False
+else:
+  # The standard metaclass; nothing changes.
+  DescriptorMetaclass = type
+
+
+class _Lock(object):
+  """Wrapper class of threading.Lock(), which is allowed by 'with'."""
+
+  def __new__(cls):
+    self = object.__new__(cls)
+    self._lock = threading.Lock()  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    return self
+
+  def __enter__(self):
+    self._lock.acquire()
+
+  def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb):
+    self._lock.release()
+
+
+_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+
+class DescriptorBase(six.with_metaclass(DescriptorMetaclass)):
+
+  """Descriptors base class.
+
+  This class is the base of all descriptor classes. It provides common options
+  related functionality.
+
+  Attributes:
+    has_options:  True if the descriptor has non-default options.  Usually it
+        is not necessary to read this -- just call GetOptions() which will
+        happily return the default instance.  However, it's sometimes useful
+        for efficiency, and also useful inside the protobuf implementation to
+        avoid some bootstrapping issues.
+  """
+
+  if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+    # The class, or tuple of classes, that are considered as "virtual
+    # subclasses" of this descriptor class.
+    _C_DESCRIPTOR_CLASS = ()
+
+  def __init__(self, options, serialized_options, options_class_name):
+    """Initialize the descriptor given its options message and the name of the
+    class of the options message. The name of the class is required in case
+    the options message is None and has to be created.
+    """
+    self._options = options
+    self._options_class_name = options_class_name
+    self._serialized_options = serialized_options
+
+    # Does this descriptor have non-default options?
+    self.has_options = (options is not None) or (serialized_options is not None)
+
+  def _SetOptions(self, options, options_class_name):
+    """Sets the descriptor's options
+
+    This function is used in generated proto2 files to update descriptor
+    options. It must not be used outside proto2.
+    """
+    self._options = options
+    self._options_class_name = options_class_name
+
+    # Does this descriptor have non-default options?
+    self.has_options = options is not None
+
+  def GetOptions(self):
+    """Retrieves descriptor options.
+
+    This method returns the options set or creates the default options for the
+    descriptor.
+    """
+    if self._options:
+      return self._options
+
+    from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
+    try:
+      options_class = getattr(descriptor_pb2,
+                              self._options_class_name)
+    except AttributeError:
+      raise RuntimeError('Unknown options class name %s!' %
+                         (self._options_class_name))
+
+    with _lock:
+      if self._serialized_options is None:
+        self._options = options_class()
+      else:
+        self._options = _ParseOptions(options_class(),
+                                      self._serialized_options)
+
+      return self._options
+
+
+class _NestedDescriptorBase(DescriptorBase):
+  """Common class for descriptors that can be nested."""
+
+  def __init__(self, options, options_class_name, name, full_name,
+               file, containing_type, serialized_start=None,
+               serialized_end=None, serialized_options=None):
+    """Constructor.
+
+    Args:
+      options: Protocol message options or None
+        to use default message options.
+      options_class_name: (str) The class name of the above options.
+
+      name: (str) Name of this protocol message type.
+      full_name: (str) Fully-qualified name of this protocol message type,
+        which will include protocol "package" name and the name of any
+        enclosing types.
+      file: (FileDescriptor) Reference to file info.
+      containing_type: if provided, this is a nested descriptor, with this
+        descriptor as parent, otherwise None.
+      serialized_start: The start index (inclusive) in block in the
+        file.serialized_pb that describes this descriptor.
+      serialized_end: The end index (exclusive) in block in the
+        file.serialized_pb that describes this descriptor.
+      serialized_options: Protocol message serilized options or None.
+    """
+    super(_NestedDescriptorBase, self).__init__(
+        options, serialized_options, options_class_name)
+
+    self.name = name
+    # TODO(falk): Add function to calculate full_name instead of having it in
+    #             memory?
+    self.full_name = full_name
+    self.file = file
+    self.containing_type = containing_type
+
+    self._serialized_start = serialized_start
+    self._serialized_end = serialized_end
+
+  def CopyToProto(self, proto):
+    """Copies this to the matching proto in descriptor_pb2.
+
+    Args:
+      proto: An empty proto instance from descriptor_pb2.
+
+    Raises:
+      Error: If self couldnt be serialized, due to to few constructor arguments.
+    """
+    if (self.file is not None and
+        self._serialized_start is not None and
+        self._serialized_end is not None):
+      proto.ParseFromString(self.file.serialized_pb[
+          self._serialized_start:self._serialized_end])
+    else:
+      raise Error('Descriptor does not contain serialization.')
+
+
+class Descriptor(_NestedDescriptorBase):
+
+  """Descriptor for a protocol message type.
+
+  A Descriptor instance has the following attributes:
+
+    name: (str) Name of this protocol message type.
+    full_name: (str) Fully-qualified name of this protocol message type,
+      which will include protocol "package" name and the name of any
+      enclosing types.
+
+    containing_type: (Descriptor) Reference to the descriptor of the
+      type containing us, or None if this is top-level.
+
+    fields: (list of FieldDescriptors) Field descriptors for all
+      fields in this type.
+    fields_by_number: (dict int -> FieldDescriptor) Same FieldDescriptor
+      objects as in |fields|, but indexed by "number" attribute in each
+      FieldDescriptor.
+    fields_by_name: (dict str -> FieldDescriptor) Same FieldDescriptor
+      objects as in |fields|, but indexed by "name" attribute in each
+      FieldDescriptor.
+    fields_by_camelcase_name: (dict str -> FieldDescriptor) Same
+      FieldDescriptor objects as in |fields|, but indexed by
+      "camelcase_name" attribute in each FieldDescriptor.
+
+    nested_types: (list of Descriptors) Descriptor references
+      for all protocol message types nested within this one.
+    nested_types_by_name: (dict str -> Descriptor) Same Descriptor
+      objects as in |nested_types|, but indexed by "name" attribute
+      in each Descriptor.
+
+    enum_types: (list of EnumDescriptors) EnumDescriptor references
+      for all enums contained within this type.
+    enum_types_by_name: (dict str ->EnumDescriptor) Same EnumDescriptor
+      objects as in |enum_types|, but indexed by "name" attribute
+      in each EnumDescriptor.
+    enum_values_by_name: (dict str -> EnumValueDescriptor) Dict mapping
+      from enum value name to EnumValueDescriptor for that value.
+
+    extensions: (list of FieldDescriptor) All extensions defined directly
+      within this message type (NOT within a nested type).
+    extensions_by_name: (dict, string -> FieldDescriptor) Same FieldDescriptor
+      objects as |extensions|, but indexed by "name" attribute of each
+      FieldDescriptor.
+
+    is_extendable:  Does this type define any extension ranges?
+
+    oneofs: (list of OneofDescriptor) The list of descriptors for oneof fields
+      in this message.
+    oneofs_by_name: (dict str -> OneofDescriptor) Same objects as in |oneofs|,
+      but indexed by "name" attribute.
+
+    file: (FileDescriptor) Reference to file descriptor.
+  """
+
+  if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+    _C_DESCRIPTOR_CLASS = _message.Descriptor
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, full_name, filename, containing_type, fields,
+                nested_types, enum_types, extensions, options=None,
+                serialized_options=None,
+                is_extendable=True, extension_ranges=None, oneofs=None,
+                file=None, serialized_start=None, serialized_end=None,  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+                syntax=None):
+      _message.Message._CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile()
+      return _message.default_pool.FindMessageTypeByName(full_name)
+
+  # NOTE(tmarek): The file argument redefining a builtin is nothing we can
+  # fix right now since we don't know how many clients already rely on the
+  # name of the argument.
+  def __init__(self, name, full_name, filename, containing_type, fields,
+               nested_types, enum_types, extensions, options=None,
+               serialized_options=None,
+               is_extendable=True, extension_ranges=None, oneofs=None,
+               file=None, serialized_start=None, serialized_end=None,  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+               syntax=None):
+    """Arguments to __init__() are as described in the description
+    of Descriptor fields above.
+
+    Note that filename is an obsolete argument, that is not used anymore.
+    Please use file.name to access this as an attribute.
+    """
+    super(Descriptor, self).__init__(
+        options, 'MessageOptions', name, full_name, file,
+        containing_type, serialized_start=serialized_start,
+        serialized_end=serialized_end, serialized_options=serialized_options)
+
+    # We have fields in addition to fields_by_name and fields_by_number,
+    # so that:
+    #   1. Clients can index fields by "order in which they're listed."
+    #   2. Clients can easily iterate over all fields with the terse
+    #      syntax: for f in descriptor.fields: ...
+    self.fields = fields
+    for field in self.fields:
+      field.containing_type = self
+    self.fields_by_number = dict((f.number, f) for f in fields)
+    self.fields_by_name = dict((f.name, f) for f in fields)
+    self._fields_by_camelcase_name = None
+
+    self.nested_types = nested_types
+    for nested_type in nested_types:
+      nested_type.containing_type = self
+    self.nested_types_by_name = dict((t.name, t) for t in nested_types)
+
+    self.enum_types = enum_types
+    for enum_type in self.enum_types:
+      enum_type.containing_type = self
+    self.enum_types_by_name = dict((t.name, t) for t in enum_types)
+    self.enum_values_by_name = dict(
+        (v.name, v) for t in enum_types for v in t.values)
+
+    self.extensions = extensions
+    for extension in self.extensions:
+      extension.extension_scope = self
+    self.extensions_by_name = dict((f.name, f) for f in extensions)
+    self.is_extendable = is_extendable
+    self.extension_ranges = extension_ranges
+    self.oneofs = oneofs if oneofs is not None else []
+    self.oneofs_by_name = dict((o.name, o) for o in self.oneofs)
+    for oneof in self.oneofs:
+      oneof.containing_type = self
+    self.syntax = syntax or "proto2"
+
+  @property
+  def fields_by_camelcase_name(self):
+    if self._fields_by_camelcase_name is None:
+      self._fields_by_camelcase_name = dict(
+          (f.camelcase_name, f) for f in self.fields)
+    return self._fields_by_camelcase_name
+
+  def EnumValueName(self, enum, value):
+    """Returns the string name of an enum value.
+
+    This is just a small helper method to simplify a common operation.
+
+    Args:
+      enum: string name of the Enum.
+      value: int, value of the enum.
+
+    Returns:
+      string name of the enum value.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError if either the Enum doesn't exist or the value is not a valid
+        value for the enum.
+    """
+    return self.enum_types_by_name[enum].values_by_number[value].name
+
+  def CopyToProto(self, proto):
+    """Copies this to a descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto.
+
+    Args:
+      proto: An empty descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto.
+    """
+    # This function is overridden to give a better doc comment.
+    super(Descriptor, self).CopyToProto(proto)
+
+
+# TODO(robinson): We should have aggressive checking here,
+# for example:
+#   * If you specify a repeated field, you should not be allowed
+#     to specify a default value.
+#   * [Other examples here as needed].
+#
+# TODO(robinson): for this and other *Descriptor classes, we
+# might also want to lock things down aggressively (e.g.,
+# prevent clients from setting the attributes).  Having
+# stronger invariants here in general will reduce the number
+# of runtime checks we must do in reflection.py...
+class FieldDescriptor(DescriptorBase):
+
+  """Descriptor for a single field in a .proto file.
+
+  A FieldDescriptor instance has the following attributes:
+
+    name: (str) Name of this field, exactly as it appears in .proto.
+    full_name: (str) Name of this field, including containing scope.  This is
+      particularly relevant for extensions.
+    camelcase_name: (str) Camelcase name of this field.
+    index: (int) Dense, 0-indexed index giving the order that this
+      field textually appears within its message in the .proto file.
+    number: (int) Tag number declared for this field in the .proto file.
+
+    type: (One of the TYPE_* constants below) Declared type.
+    cpp_type: (One of the CPPTYPE_* constants below) C++ type used to
+      represent this field.
+
+    label: (One of the LABEL_* constants below) Tells whether this
+      field is optional, required, or repeated.
+    has_default_value: (bool) True if this field has a default value defined,
+      otherwise false.
+    default_value: (Varies) Default value of this field.  Only
+      meaningful for non-repeated scalar fields.  Repeated fields
+      should always set this to [], and non-repeated composite
+      fields should always set this to None.
+
+    containing_type: (Descriptor) Descriptor of the protocol message
+      type that contains this field.  Set by the Descriptor constructor
+      if we're passed into one.
+      Somewhat confusingly, for extension fields, this is the
+      descriptor of the EXTENDED message, not the descriptor
+      of the message containing this field.  (See is_extension and
+      extension_scope below).
+    message_type: (Descriptor) If a composite field, a descriptor
+      of the message type contained in this field.  Otherwise, this is None.
+    enum_type: (EnumDescriptor) If this field contains an enum, a
+      descriptor of that enum.  Otherwise, this is None.
+
+    is_extension: True iff this describes an extension field.
+    extension_scope: (Descriptor) Only meaningful if is_extension is True.
+      Gives the message that immediately contains this extension field.
+      Will be None iff we're a top-level (file-level) extension field.
+
+    options: (descriptor_pb2.FieldOptions) Protocol message field options or
+      None to use default field options.
+
+    containing_oneof: (OneofDescriptor) If the field is a member of a oneof
+      union, contains its descriptor. Otherwise, None.
+
+    file: (FileDescriptor) Reference to file descriptor.
+  """
+
+  # Must be consistent with C++ FieldDescriptor::Type enum in
+  # descriptor.h.
+  #
+  # TODO(robinson): Find a way to eliminate this repetition.
+  TYPE_DOUBLE         = 1
+  TYPE_FLOAT          = 2
+  TYPE_INT64          = 3
+  TYPE_UINT64         = 4
+  TYPE_INT32          = 5
+  TYPE_FIXED64        = 6
+  TYPE_FIXED32        = 7
+  TYPE_BOOL           = 8
+  TYPE_STRING         = 9
+  TYPE_GROUP          = 10
+  TYPE_MESSAGE        = 11
+  TYPE_BYTES          = 12
+  TYPE_UINT32         = 13
+  TYPE_ENUM           = 14
+  TYPE_SFIXED32       = 15
+  TYPE_SFIXED64       = 16
+  TYPE_SINT32         = 17
+  TYPE_SINT64         = 18
+  MAX_TYPE            = 18
+
+  # Must be consistent with C++ FieldDescriptor::CppType enum in
+  # descriptor.h.
+  #
+  # TODO(robinson): Find a way to eliminate this repetition.
+  CPPTYPE_INT32       = 1
+  CPPTYPE_INT64       = 2
+  CPPTYPE_UINT32      = 3
+  CPPTYPE_UINT64      = 4
+  CPPTYPE_DOUBLE      = 5
+  CPPTYPE_FLOAT       = 6
+  CPPTYPE_BOOL        = 7
+  CPPTYPE_ENUM        = 8
+  CPPTYPE_STRING      = 9
+  CPPTYPE_MESSAGE     = 10
+  MAX_CPPTYPE         = 10
+
+  _PYTHON_TO_CPP_PROTO_TYPE_MAP = {
+      TYPE_DOUBLE: CPPTYPE_DOUBLE,
+      TYPE_FLOAT: CPPTYPE_FLOAT,
+      TYPE_ENUM: CPPTYPE_ENUM,
+      TYPE_INT64: CPPTYPE_INT64,
+      TYPE_SINT64: CPPTYPE_INT64,
+      TYPE_SFIXED64: CPPTYPE_INT64,
+      TYPE_UINT64: CPPTYPE_UINT64,
+      TYPE_FIXED64: CPPTYPE_UINT64,
+      TYPE_INT32: CPPTYPE_INT32,
+      TYPE_SFIXED32: CPPTYPE_INT32,
+      TYPE_SINT32: CPPTYPE_INT32,
+      TYPE_UINT32: CPPTYPE_UINT32,
+      TYPE_FIXED32: CPPTYPE_UINT32,
+      TYPE_BYTES: CPPTYPE_STRING,
+      TYPE_STRING: CPPTYPE_STRING,
+      TYPE_BOOL: CPPTYPE_BOOL,
+      TYPE_MESSAGE: CPPTYPE_MESSAGE,
+      TYPE_GROUP: CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
+      }
+
+  # Must be consistent with C++ FieldDescriptor::Label enum in
+  # descriptor.h.
+  #
+  # TODO(robinson): Find a way to eliminate this repetition.
+  LABEL_OPTIONAL      = 1
+  LABEL_REQUIRED      = 2
+  LABEL_REPEATED      = 3
+  MAX_LABEL           = 3
+
+  # Must be consistent with C++ constants kMaxNumber, kFirstReservedNumber,
+  # and kLastReservedNumber in descriptor.h
+  MAX_FIELD_NUMBER = (1 << 29) - 1
+  FIRST_RESERVED_FIELD_NUMBER = 19000
+  LAST_RESERVED_FIELD_NUMBER = 19999
+
+  if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+    _C_DESCRIPTOR_CLASS = _message.FieldDescriptor
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, full_name, index, number, type, cpp_type, label,
+                default_value, message_type, enum_type, containing_type,
+                is_extension, extension_scope, options=None,
+                serialized_options=None,
+                has_default_value=True, containing_oneof=None, json_name=None,
+                file=None):  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+      _message.Message._CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile()
+      if is_extension:
+        return _message.default_pool.FindExtensionByName(full_name)
+      else:
+        return _message.default_pool.FindFieldByName(full_name)
+
+  def __init__(self, name, full_name, index, number, type, cpp_type, label,
+               default_value, message_type, enum_type, containing_type,
+               is_extension, extension_scope, options=None,
+               serialized_options=None,
+               has_default_value=True, containing_oneof=None, json_name=None,
+               file=None):  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+    """The arguments are as described in the description of FieldDescriptor
+    attributes above.
+
+    Note that containing_type may be None, and may be set later if necessary
+    (to deal with circular references between message types, for example).
+    Likewise for extension_scope.
+    """
+    super(FieldDescriptor, self).__init__(
+        options, serialized_options, 'FieldOptions')
+    self.name = name
+    self.full_name = full_name
+    self.file = file
+    self._camelcase_name = None
+    if json_name is None:
+      self.json_name = _ToJsonName(name)
+    else:
+      self.json_name = json_name
+    self.index = index
+    self.number = number
+    self.type = type
+    self.cpp_type = cpp_type
+    self.label = label
+    self.has_default_value = has_default_value
+    self.default_value = default_value
+    self.containing_type = containing_type
+    self.message_type = message_type
+    self.enum_type = enum_type
+    self.is_extension = is_extension
+    self.extension_scope = extension_scope
+    self.containing_oneof = containing_oneof
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+      if is_extension:
+        self._cdescriptor = _message.default_pool.FindExtensionByName(full_name)
+      else:
+        self._cdescriptor = _message.default_pool.FindFieldByName(full_name)
+    else:
+      self._cdescriptor = None
+
+  @property
+  def camelcase_name(self):
+    if self._camelcase_name is None:
+      self._camelcase_name = _ToCamelCase(self.name)
+    return self._camelcase_name
+
+  @staticmethod
+  def ProtoTypeToCppProtoType(proto_type):
+    """Converts from a Python proto type to a C++ Proto Type.
+
+    The Python ProtocolBuffer classes specify both the 'Python' datatype and the
+    'C++' datatype - and they're not the same. This helper method should
+    translate from one to another.
+
+    Args:
+      proto_type: the Python proto type (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_*)
+    Returns:
+      descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_*, the C++ type.
+    Raises:
+      TypeTransformationError: when the Python proto type isn't known.
+    """
+    try:
+      return FieldDescriptor._PYTHON_TO_CPP_PROTO_TYPE_MAP[proto_type]
+    except KeyError:
+      raise TypeTransformationError('Unknown proto_type: %s' % proto_type)
+
+
+class EnumDescriptor(_NestedDescriptorBase):
+
+  """Descriptor for an enum defined in a .proto file.
+
+  An EnumDescriptor instance has the following attributes:
+
+    name: (str) Name of the enum type.
+    full_name: (str) Full name of the type, including package name
+      and any enclosing type(s).
+
+    values: (list of EnumValueDescriptors) List of the values
+      in this enum.
+    values_by_name: (dict str -> EnumValueDescriptor) Same as |values|,
+      but indexed by the "name" field of each EnumValueDescriptor.
+    values_by_number: (dict int -> EnumValueDescriptor) Same as |values|,
+      but indexed by the "number" field of each EnumValueDescriptor.
+    containing_type: (Descriptor) Descriptor of the immediate containing
+      type of this enum, or None if this is an enum defined at the
+      top level in a .proto file.  Set by Descriptor's constructor
+      if we're passed into one.
+    file: (FileDescriptor) Reference to file descriptor.
+    options: (descriptor_pb2.EnumOptions) Enum options message or
+      None to use default enum options.
+  """
+
+  if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+    _C_DESCRIPTOR_CLASS = _message.EnumDescriptor
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, full_name, filename, values,
+                containing_type=None, options=None,
+                serialized_options=None, file=None,  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+                serialized_start=None, serialized_end=None):
+      _message.Message._CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile()
+      return _message.default_pool.FindEnumTypeByName(full_name)
+
+  def __init__(self, name, full_name, filename, values,
+               containing_type=None, options=None,
+               serialized_options=None, file=None,  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+               serialized_start=None, serialized_end=None):
+    """Arguments are as described in the attribute description above.
+
+    Note that filename is an obsolete argument, that is not used anymore.
+    Please use file.name to access this as an attribute.
+    """
+    super(EnumDescriptor, self).__init__(
+        options, 'EnumOptions', name, full_name, file,
+        containing_type, serialized_start=serialized_start,
+        serialized_end=serialized_end, serialized_options=serialized_options)
+
+    self.values = values
+    for value in self.values:
+      value.type = self
+    self.values_by_name = dict((v.name, v) for v in values)
+    # Values are reversed to ensure that the first alias is retained.
+    self.values_by_number = dict((v.number, v) for v in reversed(values))
+
+  def CopyToProto(self, proto):
+    """Copies this to a descriptor_pb2.EnumDescriptorProto.
+
+    Args:
+      proto: An empty descriptor_pb2.EnumDescriptorProto.
+    """
+    # This function is overridden to give a better doc comment.
+    super(EnumDescriptor, self).CopyToProto(proto)
+
+
+class EnumValueDescriptor(DescriptorBase):
+
+  """Descriptor for a single value within an enum.
+
+    name: (str) Name of this value.
+    index: (int) Dense, 0-indexed index giving the order that this
+      value appears textually within its enum in the .proto file.
+    number: (int) Actual number assigned to this enum value.
+    type: (EnumDescriptor) EnumDescriptor to which this value
+      belongs.  Set by EnumDescriptor's constructor if we're
+      passed into one.
+    options: (descriptor_pb2.EnumValueOptions) Enum value options message or
+      None to use default enum value options options.
+  """
+
+  if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+    _C_DESCRIPTOR_CLASS = _message.EnumValueDescriptor
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, index, number,
+                type=None,  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+                options=None, serialized_options=None):
+      _message.Message._CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile()
+      # There is no way we can build a complete EnumValueDescriptor with the
+      # given parameters (the name of the Enum is not known, for example).
+      # Fortunately generated files just pass it to the EnumDescriptor()
+      # constructor, which will ignore it, so returning None is good enough.
+      return None
+
+  def __init__(self, name, index, number,
+               type=None,  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+               options=None, serialized_options=None):
+    """Arguments are as described in the attribute description above."""
+    super(EnumValueDescriptor, self).__init__(
+        options, serialized_options, 'EnumValueOptions')
+    self.name = name
+    self.index = index
+    self.number = number
+    self.type = type
+
+
+class OneofDescriptor(DescriptorBase):
+  """Descriptor for a oneof field.
+
+    name: (str) Name of the oneof field.
+    full_name: (str) Full name of the oneof field, including package name.
+    index: (int) 0-based index giving the order of the oneof field inside
+      its containing type.
+    containing_type: (Descriptor) Descriptor of the protocol message
+      type that contains this field.  Set by the Descriptor constructor
+      if we're passed into one.
+    fields: (list of FieldDescriptor) The list of field descriptors this
+      oneof can contain.
+  """
+
+  if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+    _C_DESCRIPTOR_CLASS = _message.OneofDescriptor
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, name, full_name, index, containing_type, fields, options=None,
+        serialized_options=None):
+      _message.Message._CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile()
+      return _message.default_pool.FindOneofByName(full_name)
+
+  def __init__(
+      self, name, full_name, index, containing_type, fields, options=None,
+      serialized_options=None):
+    """Arguments are as described in the attribute description above."""
+    super(OneofDescriptor, self).__init__(
+        options, serialized_options, 'OneofOptions')
+    self.name = name
+    self.full_name = full_name
+    self.index = index
+    self.containing_type = containing_type
+    self.fields = fields
+
+
+class ServiceDescriptor(_NestedDescriptorBase):
+
+  """Descriptor for a service.
+
+    name: (str) Name of the service.
+    full_name: (str) Full name of the service, including package name.
+    index: (int) 0-indexed index giving the order that this services
+      definition appears withing the .proto file.
+    methods: (list of MethodDescriptor) List of methods provided by this
+      service.
+    methods_by_name: (dict str -> MethodDescriptor) Same MethodDescriptor
+      objects as in |methods_by_name|, but indexed by "name" attribute in each
+      MethodDescriptor.
+    options: (descriptor_pb2.ServiceOptions) Service options message or
+      None to use default service options.
+    file: (FileDescriptor) Reference to file info.
+  """
+
+  if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+    _C_DESCRIPTOR_CLASS = _message.ServiceDescriptor
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, full_name, index, methods, options=None,
+                serialized_options=None, file=None,  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+                serialized_start=None, serialized_end=None):
+      _message.Message._CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile()  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      return _message.default_pool.FindServiceByName(full_name)
+
+  def __init__(self, name, full_name, index, methods, options=None,
+               serialized_options=None, file=None,  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+               serialized_start=None, serialized_end=None):
+    super(ServiceDescriptor, self).__init__(
+        options, 'ServiceOptions', name, full_name, file,
+        None, serialized_start=serialized_start,
+        serialized_end=serialized_end, serialized_options=serialized_options)
+    self.index = index
+    self.methods = methods
+    self.methods_by_name = dict((m.name, m) for m in methods)
+    # Set the containing service for each method in this service.
+    for method in self.methods:
+      method.containing_service = self
+
+  def FindMethodByName(self, name):
+    """Searches for the specified method, and returns its descriptor."""
+    return self.methods_by_name.get(name, None)
+
+  def CopyToProto(self, proto):
+    """Copies this to a descriptor_pb2.ServiceDescriptorProto.
+
+    Args:
+      proto: An empty descriptor_pb2.ServiceDescriptorProto.
+    """
+    # This function is overridden to give a better doc comment.
+    super(ServiceDescriptor, self).CopyToProto(proto)
+
+
+class MethodDescriptor(DescriptorBase):
+
+  """Descriptor for a method in a service.
+
+  name: (str) Name of the method within the service.
+  full_name: (str) Full name of method.
+  index: (int) 0-indexed index of the method inside the service.
+  containing_service: (ServiceDescriptor) The service that contains this
+    method.
+  input_type: The descriptor of the message that this method accepts.
+  output_type: The descriptor of the message that this method returns.
+  options: (descriptor_pb2.MethodOptions) Method options message or
+    None to use default method options.
+  """
+
+  if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+    _C_DESCRIPTOR_CLASS = _message.MethodDescriptor
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, full_name, index, containing_service,
+                input_type, output_type, options=None, serialized_options=None):
+      _message.Message._CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile()  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      return _message.default_pool.FindMethodByName(full_name)
+
+  def __init__(self, name, full_name, index, containing_service,
+               input_type, output_type, options=None, serialized_options=None):
+    """The arguments are as described in the description of MethodDescriptor
+    attributes above.
+
+    Note that containing_service may be None, and may be set later if necessary.
+    """
+    super(MethodDescriptor, self).__init__(
+        options, serialized_options, 'MethodOptions')
+    self.name = name
+    self.full_name = full_name
+    self.index = index
+    self.containing_service = containing_service
+    self.input_type = input_type
+    self.output_type = output_type
+
+
+class FileDescriptor(DescriptorBase):
+  """Descriptor for a file. Mimics the descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.
+
+  Note that enum_types_by_name, extensions_by_name, and dependencies
+  fields are only set by the message_factory module, and not by the
+  generated proto code.
+
+  name: name of file, relative to root of source tree.
+  package: name of the package
+  syntax: string indicating syntax of the file (can be "proto2" or "proto3")
+  serialized_pb: (str) Byte string of serialized
+    descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.
+  dependencies: List of other FileDescriptors this FileDescriptor depends on.
+  public_dependencies: A list of FileDescriptors, subset of the dependencies
+    above, which were declared as "public".
+  message_types_by_name: Dict of message names and their descriptors.
+  enum_types_by_name: Dict of enum names and their descriptors.
+  extensions_by_name: Dict of extension names and their descriptors.
+  services_by_name: Dict of services names and their descriptors.
+  pool: the DescriptorPool this descriptor belongs to.  When not passed to the
+    constructor, the global default pool is used.
+  """
+
+  if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+    _C_DESCRIPTOR_CLASS = _message.FileDescriptor
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, package, options=None,
+                serialized_options=None, serialized_pb=None,
+                dependencies=None, public_dependencies=None,
+                syntax=None, pool=None):
+      # FileDescriptor() is called from various places, not only from generated
+      # files, to register dynamic proto files and messages.
+      # pylint: disable=g-explicit-bool-comparison
+      if serialized_pb == '':
+        # Cpp generated code must be linked in if serialized_pb is ''
+        try:
+          return _message.default_pool.FindFileByName(name)
+        except KeyError:
+          raise RuntimeError('Please link in cpp generated lib for %s' % (name))
+      elif serialized_pb:
+        return _message.default_pool.AddSerializedFile(serialized_pb)
+      else:
+        return super(FileDescriptor, cls).__new__(cls)
+
+  def __init__(self, name, package, options=None,
+               serialized_options=None, serialized_pb=None,
+               dependencies=None, public_dependencies=None,
+               syntax=None, pool=None):
+    """Constructor."""
+    super(FileDescriptor, self).__init__(
+        options, serialized_options, 'FileOptions')
+
+    if pool is None:
+      from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool
+      pool = descriptor_pool.Default()
+    self.pool = pool
+    self.message_types_by_name = {}
+    self.name = name
+    self.package = package
+    self.syntax = syntax or "proto2"
+    self.serialized_pb = serialized_pb
+
+    self.enum_types_by_name = {}
+    self.extensions_by_name = {}
+    self.services_by_name = {}
+    self.dependencies = (dependencies or [])
+    self.public_dependencies = (public_dependencies or [])
+
+  def CopyToProto(self, proto):
+    """Copies this to a descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.
+
+    Args:
+      proto: An empty descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.
+    """
+    proto.ParseFromString(self.serialized_pb)
+
+
+def _ParseOptions(message, string):
+  """Parses serialized options.
+
+  This helper function is used to parse serialized options in generated
+  proto2 files. It must not be used outside proto2.
+  """
+  message.ParseFromString(string)
+  return message
+
+
+def _ToCamelCase(name):
+  """Converts name to camel-case and returns it."""
+  capitalize_next = False
+  result = []
+
+  for c in name:
+    if c == '_':
+      if result:
+        capitalize_next = True
+    elif capitalize_next:
+      result.append(c.upper())
+      capitalize_next = False
+    else:
+      result += c
+
+  # Lower-case the first letter.
+  if result and result[0].isupper():
+    result[0] = result[0].lower()
+  return ''.join(result)
+
+
+def _OptionsOrNone(descriptor_proto):
+  """Returns the value of the field `options`, or None if it is not set."""
+  if descriptor_proto.HasField('options'):
+    return descriptor_proto.options
+  else:
+    return None
+
+
+def _ToJsonName(name):
+  """Converts name to Json name and returns it."""
+  capitalize_next = False
+  result = []
+
+  for c in name:
+    if c == '_':
+      capitalize_next = True
+    elif capitalize_next:
+      result.append(c.upper())
+      capitalize_next = False
+    else:
+      result += c
+
+  return ''.join(result)
+
+
+def MakeDescriptor(desc_proto, package='', build_file_if_cpp=True,
+                   syntax=None):
+  """Make a protobuf Descriptor given a DescriptorProto protobuf.
+
+  Handles nested descriptors. Note that this is limited to the scope of defining
+  a message inside of another message. Composite fields can currently only be
+  resolved if the message is defined in the same scope as the field.
+
+  Args:
+    desc_proto: The descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto protobuf message.
+    package: Optional package name for the new message Descriptor (string).
+    build_file_if_cpp: Update the C++ descriptor pool if api matches.
+                       Set to False on recursion, so no duplicates are created.
+    syntax: The syntax/semantics that should be used.  Set to "proto3" to get
+            proto3 field presence semantics.
+  Returns:
+    A Descriptor for protobuf messages.
+  """
+  if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp' and build_file_if_cpp:
+    # The C++ implementation requires all descriptors to be backed by the same
+    # definition in the C++ descriptor pool. To do this, we build a
+    # FileDescriptorProto with the same definition as this descriptor and build
+    # it into the pool.
+    from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
+    file_descriptor_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    file_descriptor_proto.message_type.add().MergeFrom(desc_proto)
+
+    # Generate a random name for this proto file to prevent conflicts with any
+    # imported ones. We need to specify a file name so the descriptor pool
+    # accepts our FileDescriptorProto, but it is not important what that file
+    # name is actually set to.
+    proto_name = binascii.hexlify(os.urandom(16)).decode('ascii')
+
+    if package:
+      file_descriptor_proto.name = os.path.join(package.replace('.', '/'),
+                                                proto_name + '.proto')
+      file_descriptor_proto.package = package
+    else:
+      file_descriptor_proto.name = proto_name + '.proto'
+
+    _message.default_pool.Add(file_descriptor_proto)
+    result = _message.default_pool.FindFileByName(file_descriptor_proto.name)
+
+    if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+      return result.message_types_by_name[desc_proto.name]
+
+  full_message_name = [desc_proto.name]
+  if package: full_message_name.insert(0, package)
+
+  # Create Descriptors for enum types
+  enum_types = {}
+  for enum_proto in desc_proto.enum_type:
+    full_name = '.'.join(full_message_name + [enum_proto.name])
+    enum_desc = EnumDescriptor(
+      enum_proto.name, full_name, None, [
+          EnumValueDescriptor(enum_val.name, ii, enum_val.number)
+          for ii, enum_val in enumerate(enum_proto.value)])
+    enum_types[full_name] = enum_desc
+
+  # Create Descriptors for nested types
+  nested_types = {}
+  for nested_proto in desc_proto.nested_type:
+    full_name = '.'.join(full_message_name + [nested_proto.name])
+    # Nested types are just those defined inside of the message, not all types
+    # used by fields in the message, so no loops are possible here.
+    nested_desc = MakeDescriptor(nested_proto,
+                                 package='.'.join(full_message_name),
+                                 build_file_if_cpp=False,
+                                 syntax=syntax)
+    nested_types[full_name] = nested_desc
+
+  fields = []
+  for field_proto in desc_proto.field:
+    full_name = '.'.join(full_message_name + [field_proto.name])
+    enum_desc = None
+    nested_desc = None
+    if field_proto.json_name:
+      json_name = field_proto.json_name
+    else:
+      json_name = None
+    if field_proto.HasField('type_name'):
+      type_name = field_proto.type_name
+      full_type_name = '.'.join(full_message_name +
+                                [type_name[type_name.rfind('.')+1:]])
+      if full_type_name in nested_types:
+        nested_desc = nested_types[full_type_name]
+      elif full_type_name in enum_types:
+        enum_desc = enum_types[full_type_name]
+      # Else type_name references a non-local type, which isn't implemented
+    field = FieldDescriptor(
+        field_proto.name, full_name, field_proto.number - 1,
+        field_proto.number, field_proto.type,
+        FieldDescriptor.ProtoTypeToCppProtoType(field_proto.type),
+        field_proto.label, None, nested_desc, enum_desc, None, False, None,
+        options=_OptionsOrNone(field_proto), has_default_value=False,
+        json_name=json_name)
+    fields.append(field)
+
+  desc_name = '.'.join(full_message_name)
+  return Descriptor(desc_proto.name, desc_name, None, None, fields,
+                    list(nested_types.values()), list(enum_types.values()), [],
+                    options=_OptionsOrNone(desc_proto))
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5453f50c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Provides a container for DescriptorProtos."""
+
+__author__ = 'matthewtoia@google.com (Matt Toia)'
+
+import warnings
+
+
+class Error(Exception):
+  pass
+
+
+class DescriptorDatabaseConflictingDefinitionError(Error):
+  """Raised when a proto is added with the same name & different descriptor."""
+
+
+class DescriptorDatabase(object):
+  """A container accepting FileDescriptorProtos and maps DescriptorProtos."""
+
+  def __init__(self):
+    self._file_desc_protos_by_file = {}
+    self._file_desc_protos_by_symbol = {}
+
+  def Add(self, file_desc_proto):
+    """Adds the FileDescriptorProto and its types to this database.
+
+    Args:
+      file_desc_proto: The FileDescriptorProto to add.
+    Raises:
+      DescriptorDatabaseConflictingDefinitionError: if an attempt is made to
+        add a proto with the same name but different definition than an
+        exisiting proto in the database.
+    """
+    proto_name = file_desc_proto.name
+    if proto_name not in self._file_desc_protos_by_file:
+      self._file_desc_protos_by_file[proto_name] = file_desc_proto
+    elif self._file_desc_protos_by_file[proto_name] != file_desc_proto:
+      raise DescriptorDatabaseConflictingDefinitionError(
+          '%s already added, but with different descriptor.' % proto_name)
+    else:
+      return
+
+    # Add all the top-level descriptors to the index.
+    package = file_desc_proto.package
+    for message in file_desc_proto.message_type:
+      for name in _ExtractSymbols(message, package):
+        self._AddSymbol(name, file_desc_proto)
+    for enum in file_desc_proto.enum_type:
+      self._AddSymbol(('.'.join((package, enum.name))), file_desc_proto)
+      for enum_value in enum.value:
+        self._file_desc_protos_by_symbol[
+            '.'.join((package, enum_value.name))] = file_desc_proto
+    for extension in file_desc_proto.extension:
+      self._AddSymbol(('.'.join((package, extension.name))), file_desc_proto)
+    for service in file_desc_proto.service:
+      self._AddSymbol(('.'.join((package, service.name))), file_desc_proto)
+
+  def FindFileByName(self, name):
+    """Finds the file descriptor proto by file name.
+
+    Typically the file name is a relative path ending to a .proto file. The
+    proto with the given name will have to have been added to this database
+    using the Add method or else an error will be raised.
+
+    Args:
+      name: The file name to find.
+
+    Returns:
+      The file descriptor proto matching the name.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError if no file by the given name was added.
+    """
+
+    return self._file_desc_protos_by_file[name]
+
+  def FindFileContainingSymbol(self, symbol):
+    """Finds the file descriptor proto containing the specified symbol.
+
+    The symbol should be a fully qualified name including the file descriptor's
+    package and any containing messages. Some examples:
+
+    'some.package.name.Message'
+    'some.package.name.Message.NestedEnum'
+    'some.package.name.Message.some_field'
+
+    The file descriptor proto containing the specified symbol must be added to
+    this database using the Add method or else an error will be raised.
+
+    Args:
+      symbol: The fully qualified symbol name.
+
+    Returns:
+      The file descriptor proto containing the symbol.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError if no file contains the specified symbol.
+    """
+    try:
+      return self._file_desc_protos_by_symbol[symbol]
+    except KeyError:
+      # Fields, enum values, and nested extensions are not in
+      # _file_desc_protos_by_symbol. Try to find the top level
+      # descriptor. Non-existent nested symbol under a valid top level
+      # descriptor can also be found. The behavior is the same with
+      # protobuf C++.
+      top_level, _, _ = symbol.rpartition('.')
+      try:
+        return self._file_desc_protos_by_symbol[top_level]
+      except KeyError:
+        # Raise the original symbol as a KeyError for better diagnostics.
+        raise KeyError(symbol)
+
+  def FindFileContainingExtension(self, extendee_name, extension_number):
+    # TODO(jieluo): implement this API.
+    return None
+
+  def FindAllExtensionNumbers(self, extendee_name):
+    # TODO(jieluo): implement this API.
+    return []
+
+  def _AddSymbol(self, name, file_desc_proto):
+    if name in self._file_desc_protos_by_symbol:
+      warn_msg = ('Conflict register for file "' + file_desc_proto.name +
+                  '": ' + name +
+                  ' is already defined in file "' +
+                  self._file_desc_protos_by_symbol[name].name + '"')
+      warnings.warn(warn_msg, RuntimeWarning)
+    self._file_desc_protos_by_symbol[name] = file_desc_proto
+
+
+def _ExtractSymbols(desc_proto, package):
+  """Pulls out all the symbols from a descriptor proto.
+
+  Args:
+    desc_proto: The proto to extract symbols from.
+    package: The package containing the descriptor type.
+
+  Yields:
+    The fully qualified name found in the descriptor.
+  """
+  message_name = package + '.' + desc_proto.name if package else desc_proto.name
+  yield message_name
+  for nested_type in desc_proto.nested_type:
+    for symbol in _ExtractSymbols(nested_type, message_name):
+      yield symbol
+  for enum_type in desc_proto.enum_type:
+    yield '.'.join((message_name, enum_type.name))
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/descriptor_pool.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/descriptor_pool.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d99d3f88a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/descriptor_pool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1253 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Provides DescriptorPool to use as a container for proto2 descriptors.
+
+The DescriptorPool is used in conjection with a DescriptorDatabase to maintain
+a collection of protocol buffer descriptors for use when dynamically creating
+message types at runtime.
+
+For most applications protocol buffers should be used via modules generated by
+the protocol buffer compiler tool. This should only be used when the type of
+protocol buffers used in an application or library cannot be predetermined.
+
+Below is a straightforward example on how to use this class:
+
+  pool = DescriptorPool()
+  file_descriptor_protos = [ ... ]
+  for file_descriptor_proto in file_descriptor_protos:
+    pool.Add(file_descriptor_proto)
+  my_message_descriptor = pool.FindMessageTypeByName('some.package.MessageType')
+
+The message descriptor can be used in conjunction with the message_factory
+module in order to create a protocol buffer class that can be encoded and
+decoded.
+
+If you want to get a Python class for the specified proto, use the
+helper functions inside google.protobuf.message_factory
+directly instead of this class.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'matthewtoia@google.com (Matt Toia)'
+
+import collections
+import warnings
+
+from google.protobuf import descriptor
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_database
+from google.protobuf import text_encoding
+
+
+_USE_C_DESCRIPTORS = descriptor._USE_C_DESCRIPTORS  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+
+
+def _Deprecated(func):
+  """Mark functions as deprecated."""
+
+  def NewFunc(*args, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        'Call to deprecated function %s(). Note: Do add unlinked descriptors '
+        'to descriptor_pool is wrong. Use Add() or AddSerializedFile() '
+        'instead.' % func.__name__,
+        category=DeprecationWarning)
+    return func(*args, **kwargs)
+  NewFunc.__name__ = func.__name__
+  NewFunc.__doc__ = func.__doc__
+  NewFunc.__dict__.update(func.__dict__)
+  return NewFunc
+
+
+def _NormalizeFullyQualifiedName(name):
+  """Remove leading period from fully-qualified type name.
+
+  Due to b/13860351 in descriptor_database.py, types in the root namespace are
+  generated with a leading period. This function removes that prefix.
+
+  Args:
+    name: A str, the fully-qualified symbol name.
+
+  Returns:
+    A str, the normalized fully-qualified symbol name.
+  """
+  return name.lstrip('.')
+
+
+def _OptionsOrNone(descriptor_proto):
+  """Returns the value of the field `options`, or None if it is not set."""
+  if descriptor_proto.HasField('options'):
+    return descriptor_proto.options
+  else:
+    return None
+
+
+def _IsMessageSetExtension(field):
+  return (field.is_extension and
+          field.containing_type.has_options and
+          field.containing_type.GetOptions().message_set_wire_format and
+          field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE and
+          field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+
+
+class DescriptorPool(object):
+  """A collection of protobufs dynamically constructed by descriptor protos."""
+
+  if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+
+    def __new__(cls, descriptor_db=None):
+      # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      return descriptor._message.DescriptorPool(descriptor_db)
+
+  def __init__(self, descriptor_db=None):
+    """Initializes a Pool of proto buffs.
+
+    The descriptor_db argument to the constructor is provided to allow
+    specialized file descriptor proto lookup code to be triggered on demand. An
+    example would be an implementation which will read and compile a file
+    specified in a call to FindFileByName() and not require the call to Add()
+    at all. Results from this database will be cached internally here as well.
+
+    Args:
+      descriptor_db: A secondary source of file descriptors.
+    """
+
+    self._internal_db = descriptor_database.DescriptorDatabase()
+    self._descriptor_db = descriptor_db
+    self._descriptors = {}
+    self._enum_descriptors = {}
+    self._service_descriptors = {}
+    self._file_descriptors = {}
+    self._toplevel_extensions = {}
+    # TODO(jieluo): Remove _file_desc_by_toplevel_extension after
+    # maybe year 2020 for compatibility issue (with 3.4.1 only).
+    self._file_desc_by_toplevel_extension = {}
+    self._top_enum_values = {}
+    # We store extensions in two two-level mappings: The first key is the
+    # descriptor of the message being extended, the second key is the extension
+    # full name or its tag number.
+    self._extensions_by_name = collections.defaultdict(dict)
+    self._extensions_by_number = collections.defaultdict(dict)
+
+  def _CheckConflictRegister(self, desc, desc_name, file_name):
+    """Check if the descriptor name conflicts with another of the same name.
+
+    Args:
+      desc: Descriptor of a message, enum, service, extension or enum value.
+      desc_name: the full name of desc.
+      file_name: The file name of descriptor.
+    """
+    for register, descriptor_type in [
+        (self._descriptors, descriptor.Descriptor),
+        (self._enum_descriptors, descriptor.EnumDescriptor),
+        (self._service_descriptors, descriptor.ServiceDescriptor),
+        (self._toplevel_extensions, descriptor.FieldDescriptor),
+        (self._top_enum_values, descriptor.EnumValueDescriptor)]:
+      if desc_name in register:
+        old_desc = register[desc_name]
+        if isinstance(old_desc, descriptor.EnumValueDescriptor):
+          old_file = old_desc.type.file.name
+        else:
+          old_file = old_desc.file.name
+
+        if not isinstance(desc, descriptor_type) or (
+            old_file != file_name):
+          error_msg = ('Conflict register for file "' + file_name +
+                       '": ' + desc_name +
+                       ' is already defined in file "' +
+                       old_file + '". Please fix the conflict by adding '
+                       'package name on the proto file, or use different '
+                       'name for the duplication.')
+          if isinstance(desc, descriptor.EnumValueDescriptor):
+            error_msg += ('\nNote: enum values appear as '
+                          'siblings of the enum type instead of '
+                          'children of it.')
+
+          raise TypeError(error_msg)
+
+        return
+
+  def Add(self, file_desc_proto):
+    """Adds the FileDescriptorProto and its types to this pool.
+
+    Args:
+      file_desc_proto: The FileDescriptorProto to add.
+    """
+
+    self._internal_db.Add(file_desc_proto)
+
+  def AddSerializedFile(self, serialized_file_desc_proto):
+    """Adds the FileDescriptorProto and its types to this pool.
+
+    Args:
+      serialized_file_desc_proto: A bytes string, serialization of the
+        FileDescriptorProto to add.
+    """
+
+    # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
+    file_desc_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        serialized_file_desc_proto)
+    self.Add(file_desc_proto)
+
+  # Add Descriptor to descriptor pool is dreprecated. Please use Add()
+  # or AddSerializedFile() to add a FileDescriptorProto instead.
+  @_Deprecated
+  def AddDescriptor(self, desc):
+    self._AddDescriptor(desc)
+
+  # Never call this method. It is for internal usage only.
+  def _AddDescriptor(self, desc):
+    """Adds a Descriptor to the pool, non-recursively.
+
+    If the Descriptor contains nested messages or enums, the caller must
+    explicitly register them. This method also registers the FileDescriptor
+    associated with the message.
+
+    Args:
+      desc: A Descriptor.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(desc, descriptor.Descriptor):
+      raise TypeError('Expected instance of descriptor.Descriptor.')
+
+    self._CheckConflictRegister(desc, desc.full_name, desc.file.name)
+
+    self._descriptors[desc.full_name] = desc
+    self._AddFileDescriptor(desc.file)
+
+  # Add EnumDescriptor to descriptor pool is dreprecated. Please use Add()
+  # or AddSerializedFile() to add a FileDescriptorProto instead.
+  @_Deprecated
+  def AddEnumDescriptor(self, enum_desc):
+    self._AddEnumDescriptor(enum_desc)
+
+  # Never call this method. It is for internal usage only.
+  def _AddEnumDescriptor(self, enum_desc):
+    """Adds an EnumDescriptor to the pool.
+
+    This method also registers the FileDescriptor associated with the enum.
+
+    Args:
+      enum_desc: An EnumDescriptor.
+    """
+
+    if not isinstance(enum_desc, descriptor.EnumDescriptor):
+      raise TypeError('Expected instance of descriptor.EnumDescriptor.')
+
+    file_name = enum_desc.file.name
+    self._CheckConflictRegister(enum_desc, enum_desc.full_name, file_name)
+    self._enum_descriptors[enum_desc.full_name] = enum_desc
+
+    # Top enum values need to be indexed.
+    # Count the number of dots to see whether the enum is toplevel or nested
+    # in a message. We cannot use enum_desc.containing_type at this stage.
+    if enum_desc.file.package:
+      top_level = (enum_desc.full_name.count('.')
+                   - enum_desc.file.package.count('.') == 1)
+    else:
+      top_level = enum_desc.full_name.count('.') == 0
+    if top_level:
+      file_name = enum_desc.file.name
+      package = enum_desc.file.package
+      for enum_value in enum_desc.values:
+        full_name = _NormalizeFullyQualifiedName(
+            '.'.join((package, enum_value.name)))
+        self._CheckConflictRegister(enum_value, full_name, file_name)
+        self._top_enum_values[full_name] = enum_value
+    self._AddFileDescriptor(enum_desc.file)
+
+  # Add ServiceDescriptor to descriptor pool is dreprecated. Please use Add()
+  # or AddSerializedFile() to add a FileDescriptorProto instead.
+  @_Deprecated
+  def AddServiceDescriptor(self, service_desc):
+    self._AddServiceDescriptor(service_desc)
+
+  # Never call this method. It is for internal usage only.
+  def _AddServiceDescriptor(self, service_desc):
+    """Adds a ServiceDescriptor to the pool.
+
+    Args:
+      service_desc: A ServiceDescriptor.
+    """
+
+    if not isinstance(service_desc, descriptor.ServiceDescriptor):
+      raise TypeError('Expected instance of descriptor.ServiceDescriptor.')
+
+    self._CheckConflictRegister(service_desc, service_desc.full_name,
+                                service_desc.file.name)
+    self._service_descriptors[service_desc.full_name] = service_desc
+
+  # Add ExtensionDescriptor to descriptor pool is dreprecated. Please use Add()
+  # or AddSerializedFile() to add a FileDescriptorProto instead.
+  @_Deprecated
+  def AddExtensionDescriptor(self, extension):
+    self._AddExtensionDescriptor(extension)
+
+  # Never call this method. It is for internal usage only.
+  def _AddExtensionDescriptor(self, extension):
+    """Adds a FieldDescriptor describing an extension to the pool.
+
+    Args:
+      extension: A FieldDescriptor.
+
+    Raises:
+      AssertionError: when another extension with the same number extends the
+        same message.
+      TypeError: when the specified extension is not a
+        descriptor.FieldDescriptor.
+    """
+    if not (isinstance(extension, descriptor.FieldDescriptor) and
+            extension.is_extension):
+      raise TypeError('Expected an extension descriptor.')
+
+    if extension.extension_scope is None:
+      self._toplevel_extensions[extension.full_name] = extension
+
+    try:
+      existing_desc = self._extensions_by_number[
+          extension.containing_type][extension.number]
+    except KeyError:
+      pass
+    else:
+      if extension is not existing_desc:
+        raise AssertionError(
+            'Extensions "%s" and "%s" both try to extend message type "%s" '
+            'with field number %d.' %
+            (extension.full_name, existing_desc.full_name,
+             extension.containing_type.full_name, extension.number))
+
+    self._extensions_by_number[extension.containing_type][
+        extension.number] = extension
+    self._extensions_by_name[extension.containing_type][
+        extension.full_name] = extension
+
+    # Also register MessageSet extensions with the type name.
+    if _IsMessageSetExtension(extension):
+      self._extensions_by_name[extension.containing_type][
+          extension.message_type.full_name] = extension
+
+  @_Deprecated
+  def AddFileDescriptor(self, file_desc):
+    self._InternalAddFileDescriptor(file_desc)
+
+  # Never call this method. It is for internal usage only.
+  def _InternalAddFileDescriptor(self, file_desc):
+    """Adds a FileDescriptor to the pool, non-recursively.
+
+    If the FileDescriptor contains messages or enums, the caller must explicitly
+    register them.
+
+    Args:
+      file_desc: A FileDescriptor.
+    """
+
+    self._AddFileDescriptor(file_desc)
+    # TODO(jieluo): This is a temporary solution for FieldDescriptor.file.
+    # FieldDescriptor.file is added in code gen. Remove this solution after
+    # maybe 2020 for compatibility reason (with 3.4.1 only).
+    for extension in file_desc.extensions_by_name.values():
+      self._file_desc_by_toplevel_extension[
+          extension.full_name] = file_desc
+
+  def _AddFileDescriptor(self, file_desc):
+    """Adds a FileDescriptor to the pool, non-recursively.
+
+    If the FileDescriptor contains messages or enums, the caller must explicitly
+    register them.
+
+    Args:
+      file_desc: A FileDescriptor.
+    """
+
+    if not isinstance(file_desc, descriptor.FileDescriptor):
+      raise TypeError('Expected instance of descriptor.FileDescriptor.')
+    self._file_descriptors[file_desc.name] = file_desc
+
+  def FindFileByName(self, file_name):
+    """Gets a FileDescriptor by file name.
+
+    Args:
+      file_name: The path to the file to get a descriptor for.
+
+    Returns:
+      A FileDescriptor for the named file.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError: if the file cannot be found in the pool.
+    """
+
+    try:
+      return self._file_descriptors[file_name]
+    except KeyError:
+      pass
+
+    try:
+      file_proto = self._internal_db.FindFileByName(file_name)
+    except KeyError as error:
+      if self._descriptor_db:
+        file_proto = self._descriptor_db.FindFileByName(file_name)
+      else:
+        raise error
+    if not file_proto:
+      raise KeyError('Cannot find a file named %s' % file_name)
+    return self._ConvertFileProtoToFileDescriptor(file_proto)
+
+  def FindFileContainingSymbol(self, symbol):
+    """Gets the FileDescriptor for the file containing the specified symbol.
+
+    Args:
+      symbol: The name of the symbol to search for.
+
+    Returns:
+      A FileDescriptor that contains the specified symbol.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError: if the file cannot be found in the pool.
+    """
+
+    symbol = _NormalizeFullyQualifiedName(symbol)
+    try:
+      return self._InternalFindFileContainingSymbol(symbol)
+    except KeyError:
+      pass
+
+    try:
+      # Try fallback database. Build and find again if possible.
+      self._FindFileContainingSymbolInDb(symbol)
+      return self._InternalFindFileContainingSymbol(symbol)
+    except KeyError:
+      raise KeyError('Cannot find a file containing %s' % symbol)
+
+  def _InternalFindFileContainingSymbol(self, symbol):
+    """Gets the already built FileDescriptor containing the specified symbol.
+
+    Args:
+      symbol: The name of the symbol to search for.
+
+    Returns:
+      A FileDescriptor that contains the specified symbol.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError: if the file cannot be found in the pool.
+    """
+    try:
+      return self._descriptors[symbol].file
+    except KeyError:
+      pass
+
+    try:
+      return self._enum_descriptors[symbol].file
+    except KeyError:
+      pass
+
+    try:
+      return self._service_descriptors[symbol].file
+    except KeyError:
+      pass
+
+    try:
+      return self._top_enum_values[symbol].type.file
+    except KeyError:
+      pass
+
+    try:
+      return self._file_desc_by_toplevel_extension[symbol]
+    except KeyError:
+      pass
+
+    # Try fields, enum values and nested extensions inside a message.
+    top_name, _, sub_name = symbol.rpartition('.')
+    try:
+      message = self.FindMessageTypeByName(top_name)
+      assert (sub_name in message.extensions_by_name or
+              sub_name in message.fields_by_name or
+              sub_name in message.enum_values_by_name)
+      return message.file
+    except (KeyError, AssertionError):
+      raise KeyError('Cannot find a file containing %s' % symbol)
+
+  def FindMessageTypeByName(self, full_name):
+    """Loads the named descriptor from the pool.
+
+    Args:
+      full_name: The full name of the descriptor to load.
+
+    Returns:
+      The descriptor for the named type.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError: if the message cannot be found in the pool.
+    """
+
+    full_name = _NormalizeFullyQualifiedName(full_name)
+    if full_name not in self._descriptors:
+      self._FindFileContainingSymbolInDb(full_name)
+    return self._descriptors[full_name]
+
+  def FindEnumTypeByName(self, full_name):
+    """Loads the named enum descriptor from the pool.
+
+    Args:
+      full_name: The full name of the enum descriptor to load.
+
+    Returns:
+      The enum descriptor for the named type.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError: if the enum cannot be found in the pool.
+    """
+
+    full_name = _NormalizeFullyQualifiedName(full_name)
+    if full_name not in self._enum_descriptors:
+      self._FindFileContainingSymbolInDb(full_name)
+    return self._enum_descriptors[full_name]
+
+  def FindFieldByName(self, full_name):
+    """Loads the named field descriptor from the pool.
+
+    Args:
+      full_name: The full name of the field descriptor to load.
+
+    Returns:
+      The field descriptor for the named field.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError: if the field cannot be found in the pool.
+    """
+    full_name = _NormalizeFullyQualifiedName(full_name)
+    message_name, _, field_name = full_name.rpartition('.')
+    message_descriptor = self.FindMessageTypeByName(message_name)
+    return message_descriptor.fields_by_name[field_name]
+
+  def FindOneofByName(self, full_name):
+    """Loads the named oneof descriptor from the pool.
+
+    Args:
+      full_name: The full name of the oneof descriptor to load.
+
+    Returns:
+      The oneof descriptor for the named oneof.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError: if the oneof cannot be found in the pool.
+    """
+    full_name = _NormalizeFullyQualifiedName(full_name)
+    message_name, _, oneof_name = full_name.rpartition('.')
+    message_descriptor = self.FindMessageTypeByName(message_name)
+    return message_descriptor.oneofs_by_name[oneof_name]
+
+  def FindExtensionByName(self, full_name):
+    """Loads the named extension descriptor from the pool.
+
+    Args:
+      full_name: The full name of the extension descriptor to load.
+
+    Returns:
+      A FieldDescriptor, describing the named extension.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError: if the extension cannot be found in the pool.
+    """
+    full_name = _NormalizeFullyQualifiedName(full_name)
+    try:
+      # The proto compiler does not give any link between the FileDescriptor
+      # and top-level extensions unless the FileDescriptorProto is added to
+      # the DescriptorDatabase, but this can impact memory usage.
+      # So we registered these extensions by name explicitly.
+      return self._toplevel_extensions[full_name]
+    except KeyError:
+      pass
+    message_name, _, extension_name = full_name.rpartition('.')
+    try:
+      # Most extensions are nested inside a message.
+      scope = self.FindMessageTypeByName(message_name)
+    except KeyError:
+      # Some extensions are defined at file scope.
+      scope = self._FindFileContainingSymbolInDb(full_name)
+    return scope.extensions_by_name[extension_name]
+
+  def FindExtensionByNumber(self, message_descriptor, number):
+    """Gets the extension of the specified message with the specified number.
+
+    Extensions have to be registered to this pool by calling
+    AddExtensionDescriptor.
+
+    Args:
+      message_descriptor: descriptor of the extended message.
+      number: integer, number of the extension field.
+
+    Returns:
+      A FieldDescriptor describing the extension.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError: when no extension with the given number is known for the
+        specified message.
+    """
+    try:
+      return self._extensions_by_number[message_descriptor][number]
+    except KeyError:
+      self._TryLoadExtensionFromDB(message_descriptor, number)
+      return self._extensions_by_number[message_descriptor][number]
+
+  def FindAllExtensions(self, message_descriptor):
+    """Gets all the known extension of a given message.
+
+    Extensions have to be registered to this pool by calling
+    AddExtensionDescriptor.
+
+    Args:
+      message_descriptor: descriptor of the extended message.
+
+    Returns:
+      A list of FieldDescriptor describing the extensions.
+    """
+    # Fallback to descriptor db if FindAllExtensionNumbers is provided.
+    if self._descriptor_db and hasattr(
+        self._descriptor_db, 'FindAllExtensionNumbers'):
+      full_name = message_descriptor.full_name
+      all_numbers = self._descriptor_db.FindAllExtensionNumbers(full_name)
+      for number in all_numbers:
+        if number in self._extensions_by_number[message_descriptor]:
+          continue
+        self._TryLoadExtensionFromDB(message_descriptor, number)
+
+    return list(self._extensions_by_number[message_descriptor].values())
+
+  def _TryLoadExtensionFromDB(self, message_descriptor, number):
+    """Try to Load extensions from decriptor db.
+
+    Args:
+      message_descriptor: descriptor of the extended message.
+      number: the extension number that needs to be loaded.
+    """
+    if not self._descriptor_db:
+      return
+    # Only supported when FindFileContainingExtension is provided.
+    if not hasattr(
+        self._descriptor_db, 'FindFileContainingExtension'):
+      return
+
+    full_name = message_descriptor.full_name
+    file_proto = self._descriptor_db.FindFileContainingExtension(
+        full_name, number)
+
+    if file_proto is None:
+      return
+
+    try:
+      file_desc = self._ConvertFileProtoToFileDescriptor(file_proto)
+      for extension in file_desc.extensions_by_name.values():
+        self._extensions_by_number[extension.containing_type][
+            extension.number] = extension
+        self._extensions_by_name[extension.containing_type][
+            extension.full_name] = extension
+      for message_type in file_desc.message_types_by_name.values():
+        for extension in message_type.extensions:
+          self._extensions_by_number[extension.containing_type][
+              extension.number] = extension
+          self._extensions_by_name[extension.containing_type][
+              extension.full_name] = extension
+    except:
+      warn_msg = ('Unable to load proto file %s for extension number %d.' %
+                  (file_proto.name, number))
+      warnings.warn(warn_msg, RuntimeWarning)
+
+  def FindServiceByName(self, full_name):
+    """Loads the named service descriptor from the pool.
+
+    Args:
+      full_name: The full name of the service descriptor to load.
+
+    Returns:
+      The service descriptor for the named service.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError: if the service cannot be found in the pool.
+    """
+    full_name = _NormalizeFullyQualifiedName(full_name)
+    if full_name not in self._service_descriptors:
+      self._FindFileContainingSymbolInDb(full_name)
+    return self._service_descriptors[full_name]
+
+  def FindMethodByName(self, full_name):
+    """Loads the named service method descriptor from the pool.
+
+    Args:
+      full_name: The full name of the method descriptor to load.
+
+    Returns:
+      The method descriptor for the service method.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError: if the method cannot be found in the pool.
+    """
+    full_name = _NormalizeFullyQualifiedName(full_name)
+    service_name, _, method_name = full_name.rpartition('.')
+    service_descriptor = self.FindServiceByName(service_name)
+    return service_descriptor.methods_by_name[method_name]
+
+  def _FindFileContainingSymbolInDb(self, symbol):
+    """Finds the file in descriptor DB containing the specified symbol.
+
+    Args:
+      symbol: The name of the symbol to search for.
+
+    Returns:
+      A FileDescriptor that contains the specified symbol.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError: if the file cannot be found in the descriptor database.
+    """
+    try:
+      file_proto = self._internal_db.FindFileContainingSymbol(symbol)
+    except KeyError as error:
+      if self._descriptor_db:
+        file_proto = self._descriptor_db.FindFileContainingSymbol(symbol)
+      else:
+        raise error
+    if not file_proto:
+      raise KeyError('Cannot find a file containing %s' % symbol)
+    return self._ConvertFileProtoToFileDescriptor(file_proto)
+
+  def _ConvertFileProtoToFileDescriptor(self, file_proto):
+    """Creates a FileDescriptor from a proto or returns a cached copy.
+
+    This method also has the side effect of loading all the symbols found in
+    the file into the appropriate dictionaries in the pool.
+
+    Args:
+      file_proto: The proto to convert.
+
+    Returns:
+      A FileDescriptor matching the passed in proto.
+    """
+    if file_proto.name not in self._file_descriptors:
+      built_deps = list(self._GetDeps(file_proto.dependency))
+      direct_deps = [self.FindFileByName(n) for n in file_proto.dependency]
+      public_deps = [direct_deps[i] for i in file_proto.public_dependency]
+
+      file_descriptor = descriptor.FileDescriptor(
+          pool=self,
+          name=file_proto.name,
+          package=file_proto.package,
+          syntax=file_proto.syntax,
+          options=_OptionsOrNone(file_proto),
+          serialized_pb=file_proto.SerializeToString(),
+          dependencies=direct_deps,
+          public_dependencies=public_deps)
+      scope = {}
+
+      # This loop extracts all the message and enum types from all the
+      # dependencies of the file_proto. This is necessary to create the
+      # scope of available message types when defining the passed in
+      # file proto.
+      for dependency in built_deps:
+        scope.update(self._ExtractSymbols(
+            dependency.message_types_by_name.values()))
+        scope.update((_PrefixWithDot(enum.full_name), enum)
+                     for enum in dependency.enum_types_by_name.values())
+
+      for message_type in file_proto.message_type:
+        message_desc = self._ConvertMessageDescriptor(
+            message_type, file_proto.package, file_descriptor, scope,
+            file_proto.syntax)
+        file_descriptor.message_types_by_name[message_desc.name] = (
+            message_desc)
+
+      for enum_type in file_proto.enum_type:
+        file_descriptor.enum_types_by_name[enum_type.name] = (
+            self._ConvertEnumDescriptor(enum_type, file_proto.package,
+                                        file_descriptor, None, scope, True))
+
+      for index, extension_proto in enumerate(file_proto.extension):
+        extension_desc = self._MakeFieldDescriptor(
+            extension_proto, file_proto.package, index, file_descriptor,
+            is_extension=True)
+        extension_desc.containing_type = self._GetTypeFromScope(
+            file_descriptor.package, extension_proto.extendee, scope)
+        self._SetFieldType(extension_proto, extension_desc,
+                           file_descriptor.package, scope)
+        file_descriptor.extensions_by_name[extension_desc.name] = (
+            extension_desc)
+        self._file_desc_by_toplevel_extension[extension_desc.full_name] = (
+            file_descriptor)
+
+      for desc_proto in file_proto.message_type:
+        self._SetAllFieldTypes(file_proto.package, desc_proto, scope)
+
+      if file_proto.package:
+        desc_proto_prefix = _PrefixWithDot(file_proto.package)
+      else:
+        desc_proto_prefix = ''
+
+      for desc_proto in file_proto.message_type:
+        desc = self._GetTypeFromScope(
+            desc_proto_prefix, desc_proto.name, scope)
+        file_descriptor.message_types_by_name[desc_proto.name] = desc
+
+      for index, service_proto in enumerate(file_proto.service):
+        file_descriptor.services_by_name[service_proto.name] = (
+            self._MakeServiceDescriptor(service_proto, index, scope,
+                                        file_proto.package, file_descriptor))
+
+      self.Add(file_proto)
+      self._file_descriptors[file_proto.name] = file_descriptor
+
+    return self._file_descriptors[file_proto.name]
+
+  def _ConvertMessageDescriptor(self, desc_proto, package=None, file_desc=None,
+                                scope=None, syntax=None):
+    """Adds the proto to the pool in the specified package.
+
+    Args:
+      desc_proto: The descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto protobuf message.
+      package: The package the proto should be located in.
+      file_desc: The file containing this message.
+      scope: Dict mapping short and full symbols to message and enum types.
+      syntax: string indicating syntax of the file ("proto2" or "proto3")
+
+    Returns:
+      The added descriptor.
+    """
+
+    if package:
+      desc_name = '.'.join((package, desc_proto.name))
+    else:
+      desc_name = desc_proto.name
+
+    if file_desc is None:
+      file_name = None
+    else:
+      file_name = file_desc.name
+
+    if scope is None:
+      scope = {}
+
+    nested = [
+        self._ConvertMessageDescriptor(
+            nested, desc_name, file_desc, scope, syntax)
+        for nested in desc_proto.nested_type]
+    enums = [
+        self._ConvertEnumDescriptor(enum, desc_name, file_desc, None,
+                                    scope, False)
+        for enum in desc_proto.enum_type]
+    fields = [self._MakeFieldDescriptor(field, desc_name, index, file_desc)
+              for index, field in enumerate(desc_proto.field)]
+    extensions = [
+        self._MakeFieldDescriptor(extension, desc_name, index, file_desc,
+                                  is_extension=True)
+        for index, extension in enumerate(desc_proto.extension)]
+    oneofs = [
+        descriptor.OneofDescriptor(desc.name, '.'.join((desc_name, desc.name)),
+                                   index, None, [], desc.options)
+        for index, desc in enumerate(desc_proto.oneof_decl)]
+    extension_ranges = [(r.start, r.end) for r in desc_proto.extension_range]
+    if extension_ranges:
+      is_extendable = True
+    else:
+      is_extendable = False
+    desc = descriptor.Descriptor(
+        name=desc_proto.name,
+        full_name=desc_name,
+        filename=file_name,
+        containing_type=None,
+        fields=fields,
+        oneofs=oneofs,
+        nested_types=nested,
+        enum_types=enums,
+        extensions=extensions,
+        options=_OptionsOrNone(desc_proto),
+        is_extendable=is_extendable,
+        extension_ranges=extension_ranges,
+        file=file_desc,
+        serialized_start=None,
+        serialized_end=None,
+        syntax=syntax)
+    for nested in desc.nested_types:
+      nested.containing_type = desc
+    for enum in desc.enum_types:
+      enum.containing_type = desc
+    for field_index, field_desc in enumerate(desc_proto.field):
+      if field_desc.HasField('oneof_index'):
+        oneof_index = field_desc.oneof_index
+        oneofs[oneof_index].fields.append(fields[field_index])
+        fields[field_index].containing_oneof = oneofs[oneof_index]
+
+    scope[_PrefixWithDot(desc_name)] = desc
+    self._CheckConflictRegister(desc, desc.full_name, desc.file.name)
+    self._descriptors[desc_name] = desc
+    return desc
+
+  def _ConvertEnumDescriptor(self, enum_proto, package=None, file_desc=None,
+                             containing_type=None, scope=None, top_level=False):
+    """Make a protobuf EnumDescriptor given an EnumDescriptorProto protobuf.
+
+    Args:
+      enum_proto: The descriptor_pb2.EnumDescriptorProto protobuf message.
+      package: Optional package name for the new message EnumDescriptor.
+      file_desc: The file containing the enum descriptor.
+      containing_type: The type containing this enum.
+      scope: Scope containing available types.
+      top_level: If True, the enum is a top level symbol. If False, the enum
+          is defined inside a message.
+
+    Returns:
+      The added descriptor
+    """
+
+    if package:
+      enum_name = '.'.join((package, enum_proto.name))
+    else:
+      enum_name = enum_proto.name
+
+    if file_desc is None:
+      file_name = None
+    else:
+      file_name = file_desc.name
+
+    values = [self._MakeEnumValueDescriptor(value, index)
+              for index, value in enumerate(enum_proto.value)]
+    desc = descriptor.EnumDescriptor(name=enum_proto.name,
+                                     full_name=enum_name,
+                                     filename=file_name,
+                                     file=file_desc,
+                                     values=values,
+                                     containing_type=containing_type,
+                                     options=_OptionsOrNone(enum_proto))
+    scope['.%s' % enum_name] = desc
+    self._CheckConflictRegister(desc, desc.full_name, desc.file.name)
+    self._enum_descriptors[enum_name] = desc
+
+    # Add top level enum values.
+    if top_level:
+      for value in values:
+        full_name = _NormalizeFullyQualifiedName(
+            '.'.join((package, value.name)))
+        self._CheckConflictRegister(value, full_name, file_name)
+        self._top_enum_values[full_name] = value
+
+    return desc
+
+  def _MakeFieldDescriptor(self, field_proto, message_name, index,
+                           file_desc, is_extension=False):
+    """Creates a field descriptor from a FieldDescriptorProto.
+
+    For message and enum type fields, this method will do a look up
+    in the pool for the appropriate descriptor for that type. If it
+    is unavailable, it will fall back to the _source function to
+    create it. If this type is still unavailable, construction will
+    fail.
+
+    Args:
+      field_proto: The proto describing the field.
+      message_name: The name of the containing message.
+      index: Index of the field
+      file_desc: The file containing the field descriptor.
+      is_extension: Indication that this field is for an extension.
+
+    Returns:
+      An initialized FieldDescriptor object
+    """
+
+    if message_name:
+      full_name = '.'.join((message_name, field_proto.name))
+    else:
+      full_name = field_proto.name
+
+    return descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
+        name=field_proto.name,
+        full_name=full_name,
+        index=index,
+        number=field_proto.number,
+        type=field_proto.type,
+        cpp_type=None,
+        message_type=None,
+        enum_type=None,
+        containing_type=None,
+        label=field_proto.label,
+        has_default_value=False,
+        default_value=None,
+        is_extension=is_extension,
+        extension_scope=None,
+        options=_OptionsOrNone(field_proto),
+        file=file_desc)
+
+  def _SetAllFieldTypes(self, package, desc_proto, scope):
+    """Sets all the descriptor's fields's types.
+
+    This method also sets the containing types on any extensions.
+
+    Args:
+      package: The current package of desc_proto.
+      desc_proto: The message descriptor to update.
+      scope: Enclosing scope of available types.
+    """
+
+    package = _PrefixWithDot(package)
+
+    main_desc = self._GetTypeFromScope(package, desc_proto.name, scope)
+
+    if package == '.':
+      nested_package = _PrefixWithDot(desc_proto.name)
+    else:
+      nested_package = '.'.join([package, desc_proto.name])
+
+    for field_proto, field_desc in zip(desc_proto.field, main_desc.fields):
+      self._SetFieldType(field_proto, field_desc, nested_package, scope)
+
+    for extension_proto, extension_desc in (
+        zip(desc_proto.extension, main_desc.extensions)):
+      extension_desc.containing_type = self._GetTypeFromScope(
+          nested_package, extension_proto.extendee, scope)
+      self._SetFieldType(extension_proto, extension_desc, nested_package, scope)
+
+    for nested_type in desc_proto.nested_type:
+      self._SetAllFieldTypes(nested_package, nested_type, scope)
+
+  def _SetFieldType(self, field_proto, field_desc, package, scope):
+    """Sets the field's type, cpp_type, message_type and enum_type.
+
+    Args:
+      field_proto: Data about the field in proto format.
+      field_desc: The descriptor to modiy.
+      package: The package the field's container is in.
+      scope: Enclosing scope of available types.
+    """
+    if field_proto.type_name:
+      desc = self._GetTypeFromScope(package, field_proto.type_name, scope)
+    else:
+      desc = None
+
+    if not field_proto.HasField('type'):
+      if isinstance(desc, descriptor.Descriptor):
+        field_proto.type = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE
+      else:
+        field_proto.type = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM
+
+    field_desc.cpp_type = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.ProtoTypeToCppProtoType(
+        field_proto.type)
+
+    if (field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE
+        or field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_GROUP):
+      field_desc.message_type = desc
+
+    if field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM:
+      field_desc.enum_type = desc
+
+    if field_proto.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+      field_desc.has_default_value = False
+      field_desc.default_value = []
+    elif field_proto.HasField('default_value'):
+      field_desc.has_default_value = True
+      if (field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_DOUBLE or
+          field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FLOAT):
+        field_desc.default_value = float(field_proto.default_value)
+      elif field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_STRING:
+        field_desc.default_value = field_proto.default_value
+      elif field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BOOL:
+        field_desc.default_value = field_proto.default_value.lower() == 'true'
+      elif field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM:
+        field_desc.default_value = field_desc.enum_type.values_by_name[
+            field_proto.default_value].number
+      elif field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES:
+        field_desc.default_value = text_encoding.CUnescape(
+            field_proto.default_value)
+      elif field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        field_desc.default_value = None
+      else:
+        # All other types are of the "int" type.
+        field_desc.default_value = int(field_proto.default_value)
+    else:
+      field_desc.has_default_value = False
+      if (field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_DOUBLE or
+          field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FLOAT):
+        field_desc.default_value = 0.0
+      elif field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_STRING:
+        field_desc.default_value = u''
+      elif field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BOOL:
+        field_desc.default_value = False
+      elif field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM:
+        field_desc.default_value = field_desc.enum_type.values[0].number
+      elif field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES:
+        field_desc.default_value = b''
+      elif field_proto.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        field_desc.default_value = None
+      else:
+        # All other types are of the "int" type.
+        field_desc.default_value = 0
+
+    field_desc.type = field_proto.type
+
+  def _MakeEnumValueDescriptor(self, value_proto, index):
+    """Creates a enum value descriptor object from a enum value proto.
+
+    Args:
+      value_proto: The proto describing the enum value.
+      index: The index of the enum value.
+
+    Returns:
+      An initialized EnumValueDescriptor object.
+    """
+
+    return descriptor.EnumValueDescriptor(
+        name=value_proto.name,
+        index=index,
+        number=value_proto.number,
+        options=_OptionsOrNone(value_proto),
+        type=None)
+
+  def _MakeServiceDescriptor(self, service_proto, service_index, scope,
+                             package, file_desc):
+    """Make a protobuf ServiceDescriptor given a ServiceDescriptorProto.
+
+    Args:
+      service_proto: The descriptor_pb2.ServiceDescriptorProto protobuf message.
+      service_index: The index of the service in the File.
+      scope: Dict mapping short and full symbols to message and enum types.
+      package: Optional package name for the new message EnumDescriptor.
+      file_desc: The file containing the service descriptor.
+
+    Returns:
+      The added descriptor.
+    """
+
+    if package:
+      service_name = '.'.join((package, service_proto.name))
+    else:
+      service_name = service_proto.name
+
+    methods = [self._MakeMethodDescriptor(method_proto, service_name, package,
+                                          scope, index)
+               for index, method_proto in enumerate(service_proto.method)]
+    desc = descriptor.ServiceDescriptor(name=service_proto.name,
+                                        full_name=service_name,
+                                        index=service_index,
+                                        methods=methods,
+                                        options=_OptionsOrNone(service_proto),
+                                        file=file_desc)
+    self._CheckConflictRegister(desc, desc.full_name, desc.file.name)
+    self._service_descriptors[service_name] = desc
+    return desc
+
+  def _MakeMethodDescriptor(self, method_proto, service_name, package, scope,
+                            index):
+    """Creates a method descriptor from a MethodDescriptorProto.
+
+    Args:
+      method_proto: The proto describing the method.
+      service_name: The name of the containing service.
+      package: Optional package name to look up for types.
+      scope: Scope containing available types.
+      index: Index of the method in the service.
+
+    Returns:
+      An initialized MethodDescriptor object.
+    """
+    full_name = '.'.join((service_name, method_proto.name))
+    input_type = self._GetTypeFromScope(
+        package, method_proto.input_type, scope)
+    output_type = self._GetTypeFromScope(
+        package, method_proto.output_type, scope)
+    return descriptor.MethodDescriptor(name=method_proto.name,
+                                       full_name=full_name,
+                                       index=index,
+                                       containing_service=None,
+                                       input_type=input_type,
+                                       output_type=output_type,
+                                       options=_OptionsOrNone(method_proto))
+
+  def _ExtractSymbols(self, descriptors):
+    """Pulls out all the symbols from descriptor protos.
+
+    Args:
+      descriptors: The messages to extract descriptors from.
+    Yields:
+      A two element tuple of the type name and descriptor object.
+    """
+
+    for desc in descriptors:
+      yield (_PrefixWithDot(desc.full_name), desc)
+      for symbol in self._ExtractSymbols(desc.nested_types):
+        yield symbol
+      for enum in desc.enum_types:
+        yield (_PrefixWithDot(enum.full_name), enum)
+
+  def _GetDeps(self, dependencies):
+    """Recursively finds dependencies for file protos.
+
+    Args:
+      dependencies: The names of the files being depended on.
+
+    Yields:
+      Each direct and indirect dependency.
+    """
+
+    for dependency in dependencies:
+      dep_desc = self.FindFileByName(dependency)
+      yield dep_desc
+      for parent_dep in dep_desc.dependencies:
+        yield parent_dep
+
+  def _GetTypeFromScope(self, package, type_name, scope):
+    """Finds a given type name in the current scope.
+
+    Args:
+      package: The package the proto should be located in.
+      type_name: The name of the type to be found in the scope.
+      scope: Dict mapping short and full symbols to message and enum types.
+
+    Returns:
+      The descriptor for the requested type.
+    """
+    if type_name not in scope:
+      components = _PrefixWithDot(package).split('.')
+      while components:
+        possible_match = '.'.join(components + [type_name])
+        if possible_match in scope:
+          type_name = possible_match
+          break
+        else:
+          components.pop(-1)
+    return scope[type_name]
+
+
+def _PrefixWithDot(name):
+  return name if name.startswith('.') else '.%s' % name
+
+
+if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+  # TODO(amauryfa): This pool could be constructed from Python code, when we
+  # support a flag like 'use_cpp_generated_pool=True'.
+  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+  _DEFAULT = descriptor._message.default_pool
+else:
+  _DEFAULT = DescriptorPool()
+
+
+def Default():
+  return _DEFAULT
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/__init__.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7d2e571a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/_parameterized.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/_parameterized.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4cba1d479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/_parameterized.py
@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Adds support for parameterized tests to Python's unittest TestCase class.
+
+A parameterized test is a method in a test case that is invoked with different
+argument tuples.
+
+A simple example:
+
+  class AdditionExample(parameterized.TestCase):
+    @parameterized.parameters(
+       (1, 2, 3),
+       (4, 5, 9),
+       (1, 1, 3))
+    def testAddition(self, op1, op2, result):
+      self.assertEqual(result, op1 + op2)
+
+
+Each invocation is a separate test case and properly isolated just
+like a normal test method, with its own setUp/tearDown cycle. In the
+example above, there are three separate testcases, one of which will
+fail due to an assertion error (1 + 1 != 3).
+
+Parameters for individual test cases can be tuples (with positional parameters)
+or dictionaries (with named parameters):
+
+  class AdditionExample(parameterized.TestCase):
+    @parameterized.parameters(
+       {'op1': 1, 'op2': 2, 'result': 3},
+       {'op1': 4, 'op2': 5, 'result': 9},
+    )
+    def testAddition(self, op1, op2, result):
+      self.assertEqual(result, op1 + op2)
+
+If a parameterized test fails, the error message will show the
+original test name (which is modified internally) and the arguments
+for the specific invocation, which are part of the string returned by
+the shortDescription() method on test cases.
+
+The id method of the test, used internally by the unittest framework,
+is also modified to show the arguments. To make sure that test names
+stay the same across several invocations, object representations like
+
+  >>> class Foo(object):
+  ...  pass
+  >>> repr(Foo())
+  '<__main__.Foo object at 0x23d8610>'
+
+are turned into '<__main__.Foo>'. For even more descriptive names,
+especially in test logs, you can use the named_parameters decorator. In
+this case, only tuples are supported, and the first parameters has to
+be a string (or an object that returns an apt name when converted via
+str()):
+
+  class NamedExample(parameterized.TestCase):
+    @parameterized.named_parameters(
+       ('Normal', 'aa', 'aaa', True),
+       ('EmptyPrefix', '', 'abc', True),
+       ('BothEmpty', '', '', True))
+    def testStartsWith(self, prefix, string, result):
+      self.assertEqual(result, strings.startswith(prefix))
+
+Named tests also have the benefit that they can be run individually
+from the command line:
+
+  $ testmodule.py NamedExample.testStartsWithNormal
+  .
+  --------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Ran 1 test in 0.000s
+
+  OK
+
+Parameterized Classes
+=====================
+If invocation arguments are shared across test methods in a single
+TestCase class, instead of decorating all test methods
+individually, the class itself can be decorated:
+
+  @parameterized.parameters(
+    (1, 2, 3)
+    (4, 5, 9))
+  class ArithmeticTest(parameterized.TestCase):
+    def testAdd(self, arg1, arg2, result):
+      self.assertEqual(arg1 + arg2, result)
+
+    def testSubtract(self, arg2, arg2, result):
+      self.assertEqual(result - arg1, arg2)
+
+Inputs from Iterables
+=====================
+If parameters should be shared across several test cases, or are dynamically
+created from other sources, a single non-tuple iterable can be passed into
+the decorator. This iterable will be used to obtain the test cases:
+
+  class AdditionExample(parameterized.TestCase):
+    @parameterized.parameters(
+      c.op1, c.op2, c.result for c in testcases
+    )
+    def testAddition(self, op1, op2, result):
+      self.assertEqual(result, op1 + op2)
+
+
+Single-Argument Test Methods
+============================
+If a test method takes only one argument, the single argument does not need to
+be wrapped into a tuple:
+
+  class NegativeNumberExample(parameterized.TestCase):
+    @parameterized.parameters(
+       -1, -3, -4, -5
+    )
+    def testIsNegative(self, arg):
+      self.assertTrue(IsNegative(arg))
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'tmarek@google.com (Torsten Marek)'
+
+import functools
+import re
+import types
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+import uuid
+
+import six
+
+try:
+  # Since python 3
+  import collections.abc as collections_abc
+except ImportError:
+  # Won't work after python 3.8
+  import collections as collections_abc
+
+ADDR_RE = re.compile(r'\<([a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.]+) object at 0x[a-fA-F0-9]+\>')
+_SEPARATOR = uuid.uuid1().hex
+_FIRST_ARG = object()
+_ARGUMENT_REPR = object()
+
+
+def _CleanRepr(obj):
+  return ADDR_RE.sub(r'<\1>', repr(obj))
+
+
+# Helper function formerly from the unittest module, removed from it in
+# Python 2.7.
+def _StrClass(cls):
+  return '%s.%s' % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__)
+
+
+def _NonStringIterable(obj):
+  return (isinstance(obj, collections_abc.Iterable) and not
+          isinstance(obj, six.string_types))
+
+
+def _FormatParameterList(testcase_params):
+  if isinstance(testcase_params, collections_abc.Mapping):
+    return ', '.join('%s=%s' % (argname, _CleanRepr(value))
+                     for argname, value in testcase_params.items())
+  elif _NonStringIterable(testcase_params):
+    return ', '.join(map(_CleanRepr, testcase_params))
+  else:
+    return _FormatParameterList((testcase_params,))
+
+
+class _ParameterizedTestIter(object):
+  """Callable and iterable class for producing new test cases."""
+
+  def __init__(self, test_method, testcases, naming_type):
+    """Returns concrete test functions for a test and a list of parameters.
+
+    The naming_type is used to determine the name of the concrete
+    functions as reported by the unittest framework. If naming_type is
+    _FIRST_ARG, the testcases must be tuples, and the first element must
+    have a string representation that is a valid Python identifier.
+
+    Args:
+      test_method: The decorated test method.
+      testcases: (list of tuple/dict) A list of parameter
+                 tuples/dicts for individual test invocations.
+      naming_type: The test naming type, either _NAMED or _ARGUMENT_REPR.
+    """
+    self._test_method = test_method
+    self.testcases = testcases
+    self._naming_type = naming_type
+
+  def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    raise RuntimeError('You appear to be running a parameterized test case '
+                       'without having inherited from parameterized.'
+                       'TestCase. This is bad because none of '
+                       'your test cases are actually being run.')
+
+  def __iter__(self):
+    test_method = self._test_method
+    naming_type = self._naming_type
+
+    def MakeBoundParamTest(testcase_params):
+      @functools.wraps(test_method)
+      def BoundParamTest(self):
+        if isinstance(testcase_params, collections_abc.Mapping):
+          test_method(self, **testcase_params)
+        elif _NonStringIterable(testcase_params):
+          test_method(self, *testcase_params)
+        else:
+          test_method(self, testcase_params)
+
+      if naming_type is _FIRST_ARG:
+        # Signal the metaclass that the name of the test function is unique
+        # and descriptive.
+        BoundParamTest.__x_use_name__ = True
+        BoundParamTest.__name__ += str(testcase_params[0])
+        testcase_params = testcase_params[1:]
+      elif naming_type is _ARGUMENT_REPR:
+        # __x_extra_id__ is used to pass naming information to the __new__
+        # method of TestGeneratorMetaclass.
+        # The metaclass will make sure to create a unique, but nondescriptive
+        # name for this test.
+        BoundParamTest.__x_extra_id__ = '(%s)' % (
+            _FormatParameterList(testcase_params),)
+      else:
+        raise RuntimeError('%s is not a valid naming type.' % (naming_type,))
+
+      BoundParamTest.__doc__ = '%s(%s)' % (
+          BoundParamTest.__name__, _FormatParameterList(testcase_params))
+      if test_method.__doc__:
+        BoundParamTest.__doc__ += '\n%s' % (test_method.__doc__,)
+      return BoundParamTest
+    return (MakeBoundParamTest(c) for c in self.testcases)
+
+
+def _IsSingletonList(testcases):
+  """True iff testcases contains only a single non-tuple element."""
+  return len(testcases) == 1 and not isinstance(testcases[0], tuple)
+
+
+def _ModifyClass(class_object, testcases, naming_type):
+  assert not getattr(class_object, '_id_suffix', None), (
+      'Cannot add parameters to %s,'
+      ' which already has parameterized methods.' % (class_object,))
+  class_object._id_suffix = id_suffix = {}
+  # We change the size of __dict__ while we iterate over it,
+  # which Python 3.x will complain about, so use copy().
+  for name, obj in class_object.__dict__.copy().items():
+    if (name.startswith(unittest.TestLoader.testMethodPrefix)
+        and isinstance(obj, types.FunctionType)):
+      delattr(class_object, name)
+      methods = {}
+      _UpdateClassDictForParamTestCase(
+          methods, id_suffix, name,
+          _ParameterizedTestIter(obj, testcases, naming_type))
+      for name, meth in methods.items():
+        setattr(class_object, name, meth)
+
+
+def _ParameterDecorator(naming_type, testcases):
+  """Implementation of the parameterization decorators.
+
+  Args:
+    naming_type: The naming type.
+    testcases: Testcase parameters.
+
+  Returns:
+    A function for modifying the decorated object.
+  """
+  def _Apply(obj):
+    if isinstance(obj, type):
+      _ModifyClass(
+          obj,
+          list(testcases) if not isinstance(testcases, collections_abc.Sequence)
+          else testcases,
+          naming_type)
+      return obj
+    else:
+      return _ParameterizedTestIter(obj, testcases, naming_type)
+
+  if _IsSingletonList(testcases):
+    assert _NonStringIterable(testcases[0]), (
+        'Single parameter argument must be a non-string iterable')
+    testcases = testcases[0]
+
+  return _Apply
+
+
+def parameters(*testcases):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+  """A decorator for creating parameterized tests.
+
+  See the module docstring for a usage example.
+  Args:
+    *testcases: Parameters for the decorated method, either a single
+                iterable, or a list of tuples/dicts/objects (for tests
+                with only one argument).
+
+  Returns:
+     A test generator to be handled by TestGeneratorMetaclass.
+  """
+  return _ParameterDecorator(_ARGUMENT_REPR, testcases)
+
+
+def named_parameters(*testcases):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+  """A decorator for creating parameterized tests.
+
+  See the module docstring for a usage example. The first element of
+  each parameter tuple should be a string and will be appended to the
+  name of the test method.
+
+  Args:
+    *testcases: Parameters for the decorated method, either a single
+                iterable, or a list of tuples.
+
+  Returns:
+     A test generator to be handled by TestGeneratorMetaclass.
+  """
+  return _ParameterDecorator(_FIRST_ARG, testcases)
+
+
+class TestGeneratorMetaclass(type):
+  """Metaclass for test cases with test generators.
+
+  A test generator is an iterable in a testcase that produces callables. These
+  callables must be single-argument methods. These methods are injected into
+  the class namespace and the original iterable is removed. If the name of the
+  iterable conforms to the test pattern, the injected methods will be picked
+  up as tests by the unittest framework.
+
+  In general, it is supposed to be used in conjunction with the
+  parameters decorator.
+  """
+
+  def __new__(mcs, class_name, bases, dct):
+    dct['_id_suffix'] = id_suffix = {}
+    for name, obj in dct.items():
+      if (name.startswith(unittest.TestLoader.testMethodPrefix) and
+          _NonStringIterable(obj)):
+        iterator = iter(obj)
+        dct.pop(name)
+        _UpdateClassDictForParamTestCase(dct, id_suffix, name, iterator)
+
+    return type.__new__(mcs, class_name, bases, dct)
+
+
+def _UpdateClassDictForParamTestCase(dct, id_suffix, name, iterator):
+  """Adds individual test cases to a dictionary.
+
+  Args:
+    dct: The target dictionary.
+    id_suffix: The dictionary for mapping names to test IDs.
+    name: The original name of the test case.
+    iterator: The iterator generating the individual test cases.
+  """
+  for idx, func in enumerate(iterator):
+    assert callable(func), 'Test generators must yield callables, got %r' % (
+        func,)
+    if getattr(func, '__x_use_name__', False):
+      new_name = func.__name__
+    else:
+      new_name = '%s%s%d' % (name, _SEPARATOR, idx)
+    assert new_name not in dct, (
+        'Name of parameterized test case "%s" not unique' % (new_name,))
+    dct[new_name] = func
+    id_suffix[new_name] = getattr(func, '__x_extra_id__', '')
+
+
+class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+  """Base class for test cases using the parameters decorator."""
+  __metaclass__ = TestGeneratorMetaclass
+
+  def _OriginalName(self):
+    return self._testMethodName.split(_SEPARATOR)[0]
+
+  def __str__(self):
+    return '%s (%s)' % (self._OriginalName(), _StrClass(self.__class__))
+
+  def id(self):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    """Returns the descriptive ID of the test.
+
+    This is used internally by the unittesting framework to get a name
+    for the test to be used in reports.
+
+    Returns:
+      The test id.
+    """
+    return '%s.%s%s' % (_StrClass(self.__class__),
+                        self._OriginalName(),
+                        self._id_suffix.get(self._testMethodName, ''))
+
+
+def CoopTestCase(other_base_class):
+  """Returns a new base class with a cooperative metaclass base.
+
+  This enables the TestCase to be used in combination
+  with other base classes that have custom metaclasses, such as
+  mox.MoxTestBase.
+
+  Only works with metaclasses that do not override type.__new__.
+
+  Example:
+
+    import google3
+    import mox
+
+    from google3.testing.pybase import parameterized
+
+    class ExampleTest(parameterized.CoopTestCase(mox.MoxTestBase)):
+      ...
+
+  Args:
+    other_base_class: (class) A test case base class.
+
+  Returns:
+    A new class object.
+  """
+  metaclass = type(
+      'CoopMetaclass',
+      (other_base_class.__metaclass__,
+       TestGeneratorMetaclass), {})
+  return metaclass(
+      'CoopTestCase',
+      (other_base_class, TestCase), {})
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/any_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/any_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a563fd94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/any_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jieluo@google.com (Jie Luo)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package google.protobuf.internal;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+
+message TestAny {
+  optional google.protobuf.Any value = 1;
+  optional int32 int_value = 2;
+  map<string,int32> map_value = 3;
+  extensions 10 to max;
+}
+
+message TestAnyExtension1 {
+  extend TestAny {
+    optional TestAnyExtension1 extension1 = 98418603;
+  }
+  optional int32 i = 15;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/api_implementation.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/api_implementation.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a7f41d2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/api_implementation.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+// Version constant.
+// This is either 0 for python, 1 for CPP V1, 2 for CPP V2.
+//
+// 0 is default and is equivalent to
+//   PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=python
+//
+// 1 is set with -DPYTHON_PROTO2_CPP_IMPL_V1 and is equivalent to
+//   PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=cpp
+// and
+//   PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION_VERSION=1
+//
+// 2 is set with -DPYTHON_PROTO2_CPP_IMPL_V2 and is equivalent to
+//   PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=cpp
+// and
+//   PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION_VERSION=2
+#ifdef PYTHON_PROTO2_CPP_IMPL_V1
+#error "PYTHON_PROTO2_CPP_IMPL_V1 is no longer supported."
+#else
+#ifdef PYTHON_PROTO2_CPP_IMPL_V2
+static int kImplVersion = 2;
+#else
+#ifdef PYTHON_PROTO2_PYTHON_IMPL
+static int kImplVersion = 0;
+#else
+
+static int kImplVersion = -1;  // -1 means "Unspecified by compiler flags".
+
+#endif  // PYTHON_PROTO2_PYTHON_IMPL
+#endif  // PYTHON_PROTO2_CPP_IMPL_V2
+#endif  // PYTHON_PROTO2_CPP_IMPL_V1
+
+static const char* kImplVersionName = "api_version";
+
+static const char* kModuleName = "_api_implementation";
+static const char kModuleDocstring[] =
+    "_api_implementation is a module that exposes compile-time constants that\n"
+    "determine the default API implementation to use for Python proto2.\n"
+    "\n"
+    "It complements api_implementation.py by setting defaults using "
+    "compile-time\n"
+    "constants defined in C, such that one can set defaults at compilation\n"
+    "(e.g. with blaze flag --copt=-DPYTHON_PROTO2_CPP_IMPL_V2).";
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+static struct PyModuleDef _module = {PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+                                     kModuleName,
+                                     kModuleDocstring,
+                                     -1,
+                                     NULL,
+                                     NULL,
+                                     NULL,
+                                     NULL,
+                                     NULL};
+#define INITFUNC PyInit__api_implementation
+#define INITFUNC_ERRORVAL NULL
+#else
+#define INITFUNC init_api_implementation
+#define INITFUNC_ERRORVAL
+#endif
+
+extern "C" {
+PyMODINIT_FUNC INITFUNC() {
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  PyObject* module = PyModule_Create(&_module);
+#else
+  PyObject* module = Py_InitModule3(const_cast<char*>(kModuleName), NULL,
+                                    const_cast<char*>(kModuleDocstring));
+#endif
+  if (module == NULL) {
+    return INITFUNC_ERRORVAL;
+  }
+
+  // Adds the module variable "api_version".
+  if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(module, const_cast<char*>(kImplVersionName),
+                              kImplVersion))
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+    return;
+#else
+  {
+    Py_DECREF(module);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return module;
+#endif
+}
+}
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/api_implementation.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/api_implementation.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e8448e88a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/api_implementation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Determine which implementation of the protobuf API is used in this process.
+"""
+
+import os
+import warnings
+import sys
+
+try:
+  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+  from google.protobuf.internal import _api_implementation
+  # The compile-time constants in the _api_implementation module can be used to
+  # switch to a certain implementation of the Python API at build time.
+  _api_version = _api_implementation.api_version
+  _proto_extension_modules_exist_in_build = True
+except ImportError:
+  _api_version = -1  # Unspecified by compiler flags.
+  _proto_extension_modules_exist_in_build = False
+
+if _api_version == 1:
+  raise ValueError('api_version=1 is no longer supported.')
+if _api_version < 0:  # Still unspecified?
+  try:
+    # The presence of this module in a build allows the proto implementation to
+    # be upgraded merely via build deps rather than a compiler flag or the
+    # runtime environment variable.
+    # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    from google.protobuf import _use_fast_cpp_protos
+    # Work around a known issue in the classic bootstrap .par import hook.
+    if not _use_fast_cpp_protos:
+      raise ImportError('_use_fast_cpp_protos import succeeded but was None')
+    del _use_fast_cpp_protos
+    _api_version = 2
+  except ImportError:
+    try:
+      # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+      from google.protobuf.internal import use_pure_python
+      del use_pure_python  # Avoids a pylint error and namespace pollution.
+    except ImportError:
+      # TODO(b/74017912): It's unsafe to enable :use_fast_cpp_protos by default;
+      # it can cause data loss if you have any Python-only extensions to any
+      # message passed back and forth with C++ code.
+      #
+      # TODO(b/17427486): Once that bug is fixed, we want to make both Python 2
+      # and Python 3 default to `_api_version = 2` (C++ implementation V2).
+      pass
+
+_default_implementation_type = (
+    'python' if _api_version <= 0 else 'cpp')
+
+# This environment variable can be used to switch to a certain implementation
+# of the Python API, overriding the compile-time constants in the
+# _api_implementation module. Right now only 'python' and 'cpp' are valid
+# values. Any other value will be ignored.
+_implementation_type = os.getenv('PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION',
+                                 _default_implementation_type)
+
+if _implementation_type != 'python':
+  _implementation_type = 'cpp'
+
+if 'PyPy' in sys.version and _implementation_type == 'cpp':
+  warnings.warn('PyPy does not work yet with cpp protocol buffers. '
+                'Falling back to the python implementation.')
+  _implementation_type = 'python'
+
+# This environment variable can be used to switch between the two
+# 'cpp' implementations, overriding the compile-time constants in the
+# _api_implementation module. Right now only '2' is supported. Any other
+# value will cause an error to be raised.
+_implementation_version_str = os.getenv(
+    'PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION_VERSION', '2')
+
+if _implementation_version_str != '2':
+  raise ValueError(
+      'unsupported PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION_VERSION: "' +
+      _implementation_version_str + '" (supported versions: 2)'
+      )
+
+_implementation_version = int(_implementation_version_str)
+
+
+# Detect if serialization should be deterministic by default
+try:
+  # The presence of this module in a build allows the proto implementation to
+  # be upgraded merely via build deps.
+  #
+  # NOTE: Merely importing this automatically enables deterministic proto
+  # serialization for C++ code, but we still need to export it as a boolean so
+  # that we can do the same for `_implementation_type == 'python'`.
+  #
+  # NOTE2: It is possible for C++ code to enable deterministic serialization by
+  # default _without_ affecting Python code, if the C++ implementation is not in
+  # use by this module.  That is intended behavior, so we don't actually expose
+  # this boolean outside of this module.
+  #
+  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top,unused-import
+  from google.protobuf import enable_deterministic_proto_serialization
+  _python_deterministic_proto_serialization = True
+except ImportError:
+  _python_deterministic_proto_serialization = False
+
+
+# Usage of this function is discouraged. Clients shouldn't care which
+# implementation of the API is in use. Note that there is no guarantee
+# that differences between APIs will be maintained.
+# Please don't use this function if possible.
+def Type():
+  return _implementation_type
+
+
+def _SetType(implementation_type):
+  """Never use! Only for protobuf benchmark."""
+  global _implementation_type
+  _implementation_type = implementation_type
+
+
+# See comment on 'Type' above.
+def Version():
+  return _implementation_version
+
+
+# For internal use only
+def IsPythonDefaultSerializationDeterministic():
+  return _python_deterministic_proto_serialization
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/containers.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/containers.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..173666f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/containers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,782 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Contains container classes to represent different protocol buffer types.
+
+This file defines container classes which represent categories of protocol
+buffer field types which need extra maintenance. Currently these categories
+are:
+  - Repeated scalar fields - These are all repeated fields which aren't
+    composite (e.g. they are of simple types like int32, string, etc).
+  - Repeated composite fields - Repeated fields which are composite. This
+    includes groups and nested messages.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'petar@google.com (Petar Petrov)'
+
+import sys
+try:
+  # This fallback applies for all versions of Python before 3.3
+  import collections.abc as collections_abc
+except ImportError:
+  import collections as collections_abc
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+  # We would use collections_abc.MutableMapping all the time, but in Python 2
+  # it doesn't define __slots__.  This causes two significant problems:
+  #
+  # 1. we can't disallow arbitrary attribute assignment, even if our derived
+  #    classes *do* define __slots__.
+  #
+  # 2. we can't safely derive a C type from it without __slots__ defined (the
+  #    interpreter expects to find a dict at tp_dictoffset, which we can't
+  #    robustly provide.  And we don't want an instance dict anyway.
+  #
+  # So this is the Python 2.7 definition of Mapping/MutableMapping functions
+  # verbatim, except that:
+  # 1. We declare __slots__.
+  # 2. We don't declare this as a virtual base class.  The classes defined
+  #    in collections_abc are the interesting base classes, not us.
+  #
+  # Note: deriving from object is critical.  It is the only thing that makes
+  # this a true type, allowing us to derive from it in C++ cleanly and making
+  # __slots__ properly disallow arbitrary element assignment.
+
+  class Mapping(object):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def get(self, key, default=None):
+      try:
+        return self[key]
+      except KeyError:
+        return default
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+      try:
+        self[key]
+      except KeyError:
+        return False
+      else:
+        return True
+
+    def iterkeys(self):
+      return iter(self)
+
+    def itervalues(self):
+      for key in self:
+        yield self[key]
+
+    def iteritems(self):
+      for key in self:
+        yield (key, self[key])
+
+    def keys(self):
+      return list(self)
+
+    def items(self):
+      return [(key, self[key]) for key in self]
+
+    def values(self):
+      return [self[key] for key in self]
+
+    # Mappings are not hashable by default, but subclasses can change this
+    __hash__ = None
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+      if not isinstance(other, collections_abc.Mapping):
+        return NotImplemented
+      return dict(self.items()) == dict(other.items())
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+      return not (self == other)
+
+  class MutableMapping(Mapping):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    __marker = object()
+
+    def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
+      try:
+        value = self[key]
+      except KeyError:
+        if default is self.__marker:
+          raise
+        return default
+      else:
+        del self[key]
+        return value
+
+    def popitem(self):
+      try:
+        key = next(iter(self))
+      except StopIteration:
+        raise KeyError
+      value = self[key]
+      del self[key]
+      return key, value
+
+    def clear(self):
+      try:
+        while True:
+          self.popitem()
+      except KeyError:
+        pass
+
+    def update(*args, **kwds):
+      if len(args) > 2:
+        raise TypeError("update() takes at most 2 positional "
+                        "arguments ({} given)".format(len(args)))
+      elif not args:
+        raise TypeError("update() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)")
+      self = args[0]
+      other = args[1] if len(args) >= 2 else ()
+
+      if isinstance(other, Mapping):
+        for key in other:
+          self[key] = other[key]
+      elif hasattr(other, "keys"):
+        for key in other.keys():
+          self[key] = other[key]
+      else:
+        for key, value in other:
+          self[key] = value
+      for key, value in kwds.items():
+        self[key] = value
+
+    def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
+      try:
+        return self[key]
+      except KeyError:
+        self[key] = default
+      return default
+
+  collections_abc.Mapping.register(Mapping)
+  collections_abc.MutableMapping.register(MutableMapping)
+
+else:
+  # In Python 3 we can just use MutableMapping directly, because it defines
+  # __slots__.
+  MutableMapping = collections_abc.MutableMapping
+
+
+class BaseContainer(object):
+
+  """Base container class."""
+
+  # Minimizes memory usage and disallows assignment to other attributes.
+  __slots__ = ['_message_listener', '_values']
+
+  def __init__(self, message_listener):
+    """
+    Args:
+      message_listener: A MessageListener implementation.
+        The RepeatedScalarFieldContainer will call this object's
+        Modified() method when it is modified.
+    """
+    self._message_listener = message_listener
+    self._values = []
+
+  def __getitem__(self, key):
+    """Retrieves item by the specified key."""
+    return self._values[key]
+
+  def __len__(self):
+    """Returns the number of elements in the container."""
+    return len(self._values)
+
+  def __ne__(self, other):
+    """Checks if another instance isn't equal to this one."""
+    # The concrete classes should define __eq__.
+    return not self == other
+
+  def __hash__(self):
+    raise TypeError('unhashable object')
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return repr(self._values)
+
+  def sort(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    # Continue to support the old sort_function keyword argument.
+    # This is expected to be a rare occurrence, so use LBYL to avoid
+    # the overhead of actually catching KeyError.
+    if 'sort_function' in kwargs:
+      kwargs['cmp'] = kwargs.pop('sort_function')
+    self._values.sort(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+collections_abc.MutableSequence.register(BaseContainer)
+
+
+class RepeatedScalarFieldContainer(BaseContainer):
+  """Simple, type-checked, list-like container for holding repeated scalars."""
+
+  # Disallows assignment to other attributes.
+  __slots__ = ['_type_checker']
+
+  def __init__(self, message_listener, type_checker):
+    """Args:
+
+      message_listener: A MessageListener implementation. The
+      RepeatedScalarFieldContainer will call this object's Modified() method
+      when it is modified.
+      type_checker: A type_checkers.ValueChecker instance to run on elements
+      inserted into this container.
+    """
+    super(RepeatedScalarFieldContainer, self).__init__(message_listener)
+    self._type_checker = type_checker
+
+  def append(self, value):
+    """Appends an item to the list. Similar to list.append()."""
+    self._values.append(self._type_checker.CheckValue(value))
+    if not self._message_listener.dirty:
+      self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def insert(self, key, value):
+    """Inserts the item at the specified position. Similar to list.insert()."""
+    self._values.insert(key, self._type_checker.CheckValue(value))
+    if not self._message_listener.dirty:
+      self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def extend(self, elem_seq):
+    """Extends by appending the given iterable. Similar to list.extend()."""
+
+    if elem_seq is None:
+      return
+    try:
+      elem_seq_iter = iter(elem_seq)
+    except TypeError:
+      if not elem_seq:
+        # silently ignore falsy inputs :-/.
+        # TODO(ptucker): Deprecate this behavior. b/18413862
+        return
+      raise
+
+    new_values = [self._type_checker.CheckValue(elem) for elem in elem_seq_iter]
+    if new_values:
+      self._values.extend(new_values)
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def MergeFrom(self, other):
+    """Appends the contents of another repeated field of the same type to this
+
+    one. We do not check the types of the individual fields.
+    """
+    self._values.extend(other._values)
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def remove(self, elem):
+    """Removes an item from the list. Similar to list.remove()."""
+    self._values.remove(elem)
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def pop(self, key=-1):
+    """Removes and returns an item at a given index. Similar to list.pop()."""
+    value = self._values[key]
+    self.__delitem__(key)
+    return value
+
+  def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+    """Sets the item on the specified position."""
+    if isinstance(key, slice):  # PY3
+      if key.step is not None:
+        raise ValueError('Extended slices not supported')
+      self.__setslice__(key.start, key.stop, value)
+    else:
+      self._values[key] = self._type_checker.CheckValue(value)
+      self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def __getslice__(self, start, stop):
+    """Retrieves the subset of items from between the specified indices."""
+    return self._values[start:stop]
+
+  def __setslice__(self, start, stop, values):
+    """Sets the subset of items from between the specified indices."""
+    new_values = []
+    for value in values:
+      new_values.append(self._type_checker.CheckValue(value))
+    self._values[start:stop] = new_values
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def __delitem__(self, key):
+    """Deletes the item at the specified position."""
+    del self._values[key]
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def __delslice__(self, start, stop):
+    """Deletes the subset of items from between the specified indices."""
+    del self._values[start:stop]
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def __eq__(self, other):
+    """Compares the current instance with another one."""
+    if self is other:
+      return True
+    # Special case for the same type which should be common and fast.
+    if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+      return other._values == self._values
+    # We are presumably comparing against some other sequence type.
+    return other == self._values
+
+
+class RepeatedCompositeFieldContainer(BaseContainer):
+
+  """Simple, list-like container for holding repeated composite fields."""
+
+  # Disallows assignment to other attributes.
+  __slots__ = ['_message_descriptor']
+
+  def __init__(self, message_listener, message_descriptor):
+    """
+    Note that we pass in a descriptor instead of the generated directly,
+    since at the time we construct a _RepeatedCompositeFieldContainer we
+    haven't yet necessarily initialized the type that will be contained in the
+    container.
+
+    Args:
+      message_listener: A MessageListener implementation.
+        The RepeatedCompositeFieldContainer will call this object's
+        Modified() method when it is modified.
+      message_descriptor: A Descriptor instance describing the protocol type
+        that should be present in this container.  We'll use the
+        _concrete_class field of this descriptor when the client calls add().
+    """
+    super(RepeatedCompositeFieldContainer, self).__init__(message_listener)
+    self._message_descriptor = message_descriptor
+
+  def add(self, **kwargs):
+    """Adds a new element at the end of the list and returns it. Keyword
+    arguments may be used to initialize the element.
+    """
+    new_element = self._message_descriptor._concrete_class(**kwargs)
+    new_element._SetListener(self._message_listener)
+    self._values.append(new_element)
+    if not self._message_listener.dirty:
+      self._message_listener.Modified()
+    return new_element
+
+  def append(self, value):
+    """Appends one element by copying the message."""
+    new_element = self._message_descriptor._concrete_class()
+    new_element._SetListener(self._message_listener)
+    new_element.CopyFrom(value)
+    self._values.append(new_element)
+    if not self._message_listener.dirty:
+      self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def insert(self, key, value):
+    """Inserts the item at the specified position by copying."""
+    new_element = self._message_descriptor._concrete_class()
+    new_element._SetListener(self._message_listener)
+    new_element.CopyFrom(value)
+    self._values.insert(key, new_element)
+    if not self._message_listener.dirty:
+      self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def extend(self, elem_seq):
+    """Extends by appending the given sequence of elements of the same type
+
+    as this one, copying each individual message.
+    """
+    message_class = self._message_descriptor._concrete_class
+    listener = self._message_listener
+    values = self._values
+    for message in elem_seq:
+      new_element = message_class()
+      new_element._SetListener(listener)
+      new_element.MergeFrom(message)
+      values.append(new_element)
+    listener.Modified()
+
+  def MergeFrom(self, other):
+    """Appends the contents of another repeated field of the same type to this
+
+    one, copying each individual message.
+    """
+    self.extend(other._values)
+
+  def remove(self, elem):
+    """Removes an item from the list. Similar to list.remove()."""
+    self._values.remove(elem)
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def pop(self, key=-1):
+    """Removes and returns an item at a given index. Similar to list.pop()."""
+    value = self._values[key]
+    self.__delitem__(key)
+    return value
+
+  def __getslice__(self, start, stop):
+    """Retrieves the subset of items from between the specified indices."""
+    return self._values[start:stop]
+
+  def __delitem__(self, key):
+    """Deletes the item at the specified position."""
+    del self._values[key]
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def __delslice__(self, start, stop):
+    """Deletes the subset of items from between the specified indices."""
+    del self._values[start:stop]
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def __eq__(self, other):
+    """Compares the current instance with another one."""
+    if self is other:
+      return True
+    if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+      raise TypeError('Can only compare repeated composite fields against '
+                      'other repeated composite fields.')
+    return self._values == other._values
+
+
+class ScalarMap(MutableMapping):
+
+  """Simple, type-checked, dict-like container for holding repeated scalars."""
+
+  # Disallows assignment to other attributes.
+  __slots__ = ['_key_checker', '_value_checker', '_values', '_message_listener',
+               '_entry_descriptor']
+
+  def __init__(self, message_listener, key_checker, value_checker,
+               entry_descriptor):
+    """
+    Args:
+      message_listener: A MessageListener implementation.
+        The ScalarMap will call this object's Modified() method when it
+        is modified.
+      key_checker: A type_checkers.ValueChecker instance to run on keys
+        inserted into this container.
+      value_checker: A type_checkers.ValueChecker instance to run on values
+        inserted into this container.
+      entry_descriptor: The MessageDescriptor of a map entry: key and value.
+    """
+    self._message_listener = message_listener
+    self._key_checker = key_checker
+    self._value_checker = value_checker
+    self._entry_descriptor = entry_descriptor
+    self._values = {}
+
+  def __getitem__(self, key):
+    try:
+      return self._values[key]
+    except KeyError:
+      key = self._key_checker.CheckValue(key)
+      val = self._value_checker.DefaultValue()
+      self._values[key] = val
+      return val
+
+  def __contains__(self, item):
+    # We check the key's type to match the strong-typing flavor of the API.
+    # Also this makes it easier to match the behavior of the C++ implementation.
+    self._key_checker.CheckValue(item)
+    return item in self._values
+
+  # We need to override this explicitly, because our defaultdict-like behavior
+  # will make the default implementation (from our base class) always insert
+  # the key.
+  def get(self, key, default=None):
+    if key in self:
+      return self[key]
+    else:
+      return default
+
+  def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+    checked_key = self._key_checker.CheckValue(key)
+    checked_value = self._value_checker.CheckValue(value)
+    self._values[checked_key] = checked_value
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def __delitem__(self, key):
+    del self._values[key]
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def __len__(self):
+    return len(self._values)
+
+  def __iter__(self):
+    return iter(self._values)
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return repr(self._values)
+
+  def MergeFrom(self, other):
+    self._values.update(other._values)
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def InvalidateIterators(self):
+    # It appears that the only way to reliably invalidate iterators to
+    # self._values is to ensure that its size changes.
+    original = self._values
+    self._values = original.copy()
+    original[None] = None
+
+  # This is defined in the abstract base, but we can do it much more cheaply.
+  def clear(self):
+    self._values.clear()
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def GetEntryClass(self):
+    return self._entry_descriptor._concrete_class
+
+
+class MessageMap(MutableMapping):
+
+  """Simple, type-checked, dict-like container for with submessage values."""
+
+  # Disallows assignment to other attributes.
+  __slots__ = ['_key_checker', '_values', '_message_listener',
+               '_message_descriptor', '_entry_descriptor']
+
+  def __init__(self, message_listener, message_descriptor, key_checker,
+               entry_descriptor):
+    """
+    Args:
+      message_listener: A MessageListener implementation.
+        The ScalarMap will call this object's Modified() method when it
+        is modified.
+      key_checker: A type_checkers.ValueChecker instance to run on keys
+        inserted into this container.
+      value_checker: A type_checkers.ValueChecker instance to run on values
+        inserted into this container.
+      entry_descriptor: The MessageDescriptor of a map entry: key and value.
+    """
+    self._message_listener = message_listener
+    self._message_descriptor = message_descriptor
+    self._key_checker = key_checker
+    self._entry_descriptor = entry_descriptor
+    self._values = {}
+
+  def __getitem__(self, key):
+    key = self._key_checker.CheckValue(key)
+    try:
+      return self._values[key]
+    except KeyError:
+      new_element = self._message_descriptor._concrete_class()
+      new_element._SetListener(self._message_listener)
+      self._values[key] = new_element
+      self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+      return new_element
+
+  def get_or_create(self, key):
+    """get_or_create() is an alias for getitem (ie. map[key]).
+
+    Args:
+      key: The key to get or create in the map.
+
+    This is useful in cases where you want to be explicit that the call is
+    mutating the map.  This can avoid lint errors for statements like this
+    that otherwise would appear to be pointless statements:
+
+      msg.my_map[key]
+    """
+    return self[key]
+
+  # We need to override this explicitly, because our defaultdict-like behavior
+  # will make the default implementation (from our base class) always insert
+  # the key.
+  def get(self, key, default=None):
+    if key in self:
+      return self[key]
+    else:
+      return default
+
+  def __contains__(self, item):
+    item = self._key_checker.CheckValue(item)
+    return item in self._values
+
+  def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+    raise ValueError('May not set values directly, call my_map[key].foo = 5')
+
+  def __delitem__(self, key):
+    key = self._key_checker.CheckValue(key)
+    del self._values[key]
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def __len__(self):
+    return len(self._values)
+
+  def __iter__(self):
+    return iter(self._values)
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return repr(self._values)
+
+  def MergeFrom(self, other):
+    for key in other:
+      # According to documentation: "When parsing from the wire or when merging,
+      # if there are duplicate map keys the last key seen is used".
+      if key in self:
+        del self[key]
+      self[key].CopyFrom(other[key])
+    # self._message_listener.Modified() not required here, because
+    # mutations to submessages already propagate.
+
+  def InvalidateIterators(self):
+    # It appears that the only way to reliably invalidate iterators to
+    # self._values is to ensure that its size changes.
+    original = self._values
+    self._values = original.copy()
+    original[None] = None
+
+  # This is defined in the abstract base, but we can do it much more cheaply.
+  def clear(self):
+    self._values.clear()
+    self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def GetEntryClass(self):
+    return self._entry_descriptor._concrete_class
+
+
+class _UnknownField(object):
+
+  """A parsed unknown field."""
+
+  # Disallows assignment to other attributes.
+  __slots__ = ['_field_number', '_wire_type', '_data']
+
+  def __init__(self, field_number, wire_type, data):
+    self._field_number = field_number
+    self._wire_type = wire_type
+    self._data = data
+    return
+
+  def __lt__(self, other):
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    return self._field_number < other._field_number
+
+  def __eq__(self, other):
+    if self is other:
+      return True
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    return (self._field_number == other._field_number and
+            self._wire_type == other._wire_type and
+            self._data == other._data)
+
+
+class UnknownFieldRef(object):
+
+  def __init__(self, parent, index):
+    self._parent = parent
+    self._index = index
+    return
+
+  def _check_valid(self):
+    if not self._parent:
+      raise ValueError('UnknownField does not exist. '
+                       'The parent message might be cleared.')
+    if self._index >= len(self._parent):
+      raise ValueError('UnknownField does not exist. '
+                       'The parent message might be cleared.')
+
+  @property
+  def field_number(self):
+    self._check_valid()
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    return self._parent._internal_get(self._index)._field_number
+
+  @property
+  def wire_type(self):
+    self._check_valid()
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    return self._parent._internal_get(self._index)._wire_type
+
+  @property
+  def data(self):
+    self._check_valid()
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    return self._parent._internal_get(self._index)._data
+
+
+class UnknownFieldSet(object):
+
+  """UnknownField container"""
+
+  # Disallows assignment to other attributes.
+  __slots__ = ['_values']
+
+  def __init__(self):
+    self._values = []
+
+  def __getitem__(self, index):
+    if self._values is None:
+      raise ValueError('UnknownFields does not exist. '
+                       'The parent message might be cleared.')
+    size = len(self._values)
+    if index < 0:
+      index += size
+    if index < 0 or index >= size:
+      raise IndexError('index %d out of range'.index)
+
+    return UnknownFieldRef(self, index)
+
+  def _internal_get(self, index):
+    return self._values[index]
+
+  def __len__(self):
+    if self._values is None:
+      raise ValueError('UnknownFields does not exist. '
+                       'The parent message might be cleared.')
+    return len(self._values)
+
+  def _add(self, field_number, wire_type, data):
+    unknown_field = _UnknownField(field_number, wire_type, data)
+    self._values.append(unknown_field)
+    return unknown_field
+
+  def __iter__(self):
+    for i in range(len(self)):
+      yield UnknownFieldRef(self, i)
+
+  def _extend(self, other):
+    if other is None:
+      return
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    self._values.extend(other._values)
+
+  def __eq__(self, other):
+    if self is other:
+      return True
+    # Sort unknown fields because their order shouldn't
+    # affect equality test.
+    values = list(self._values)
+    if other is None:
+      return not values
+    values.sort()
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    other_values = sorted(other._values)
+    return values == other_values
+
+  def _clear(self):
+    for value in self._values:
+      # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      if isinstance(value._data, UnknownFieldSet):
+        value._data._clear()  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    self._values = None
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/decoder.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/decoder.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c04df8e29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/decoder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1037 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Code for decoding protocol buffer primitives.
+
+This code is very similar to encoder.py -- read the docs for that module first.
+
+A "decoder" is a function with the signature:
+  Decode(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict)
+The arguments are:
+  buffer:     The string containing the encoded message.
+  pos:        The current position in the string.
+  end:        The position in the string where the current message ends.  May be
+              less than len(buffer) if we're reading a sub-message.
+  message:    The message object into which we're parsing.
+  field_dict: message._fields (avoids a hashtable lookup).
+The decoder reads the field and stores it into field_dict, returning the new
+buffer position.  A decoder for a repeated field may proactively decode all of
+the elements of that field, if they appear consecutively.
+
+Note that decoders may throw any of the following:
+  IndexError:  Indicates a truncated message.
+  struct.error:  Unpacking of a fixed-width field failed.
+  message.DecodeError:  Other errors.
+
+Decoders are expected to raise an exception if they are called with pos > end.
+This allows callers to be lax about bounds checking:  it's fineto read past
+"end" as long as you are sure that someone else will notice and throw an
+exception later on.
+
+Something up the call stack is expected to catch IndexError and struct.error
+and convert them to message.DecodeError.
+
+Decoders are constructed using decoder constructors with the signature:
+  MakeDecoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed, key, new_default)
+The arguments are:
+  field_number:  The field number of the field we want to decode.
+  is_repeated:   Is the field a repeated field? (bool)
+  is_packed:     Is the field a packed field? (bool)
+  key:           The key to use when looking up the field within field_dict.
+                 (This is actually the FieldDescriptor but nothing in this
+                 file should depend on that.)
+  new_default:   A function which takes a message object as a parameter and
+                 returns a new instance of the default value for this field.
+                 (This is called for repeated fields and sub-messages, when an
+                 instance does not already exist.)
+
+As with encoders, we define a decoder constructor for every type of field.
+Then, for every field of every message class we construct an actual decoder.
+That decoder goes into a dict indexed by tag, so when we decode a message
+we repeatedly read a tag, look up the corresponding decoder, and invoke it.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)'
+
+import struct
+import sys
+import six
+
+_UCS2_MAXUNICODE = 65535
+if six.PY3:
+  long = int
+else:
+  import re    # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+  _SURROGATE_PATTERN = re.compile(six.u(r'[\ud800-\udfff]'))
+
+from google.protobuf.internal import containers
+from google.protobuf.internal import encoder
+from google.protobuf.internal import wire_format
+from google.protobuf import message
+
+
+# This will overflow and thus become IEEE-754 "infinity".  We would use
+# "float('inf')" but it doesn't work on Windows pre-Python-2.6.
+_POS_INF = 1e10000
+_NEG_INF = -_POS_INF
+_NAN = _POS_INF * 0
+
+
+# This is not for optimization, but rather to avoid conflicts with local
+# variables named "message".
+_DecodeError = message.DecodeError
+
+
+def _VarintDecoder(mask, result_type):
+  """Return an encoder for a basic varint value (does not include tag).
+
+  Decoded values will be bitwise-anded with the given mask before being
+  returned, e.g. to limit them to 32 bits.  The returned decoder does not
+  take the usual "end" parameter -- the caller is expected to do bounds checking
+  after the fact (often the caller can defer such checking until later).  The
+  decoder returns a (value, new_pos) pair.
+  """
+
+  def DecodeVarint(buffer, pos):
+    result = 0
+    shift = 0
+    while 1:
+      b = six.indexbytes(buffer, pos)
+      result |= ((b & 0x7f) << shift)
+      pos += 1
+      if not (b & 0x80):
+        result &= mask
+        result = result_type(result)
+        return (result, pos)
+      shift += 7
+      if shift >= 64:
+        raise _DecodeError('Too many bytes when decoding varint.')
+  return DecodeVarint
+
+
+def _SignedVarintDecoder(bits, result_type):
+  """Like _VarintDecoder() but decodes signed values."""
+
+  signbit = 1 << (bits - 1)
+  mask = (1 << bits) - 1
+
+  def DecodeVarint(buffer, pos):
+    result = 0
+    shift = 0
+    while 1:
+      b = six.indexbytes(buffer, pos)
+      result |= ((b & 0x7f) << shift)
+      pos += 1
+      if not (b & 0x80):
+        result &= mask
+        result = (result ^ signbit) - signbit
+        result = result_type(result)
+        return (result, pos)
+      shift += 7
+      if shift >= 64:
+        raise _DecodeError('Too many bytes when decoding varint.')
+  return DecodeVarint
+
+# We force 32-bit values to int and 64-bit values to long to make
+# alternate implementations where the distinction is more significant
+# (e.g. the C++ implementation) simpler.
+
+_DecodeVarint = _VarintDecoder((1 << 64) - 1, long)
+_DecodeSignedVarint = _SignedVarintDecoder(64, long)
+
+# Use these versions for values which must be limited to 32 bits.
+_DecodeVarint32 = _VarintDecoder((1 << 32) - 1, int)
+_DecodeSignedVarint32 = _SignedVarintDecoder(32, int)
+
+
+def ReadTag(buffer, pos):
+  """Read a tag from the memoryview, and return a (tag_bytes, new_pos) tuple.
+
+  We return the raw bytes of the tag rather than decoding them.  The raw
+  bytes can then be used to look up the proper decoder.  This effectively allows
+  us to trade some work that would be done in pure-python (decoding a varint)
+  for work that is done in C (searching for a byte string in a hash table).
+  In a low-level language it would be much cheaper to decode the varint and
+  use that, but not in Python.
+
+  Args:
+    buffer: memoryview object of the encoded bytes
+    pos: int of the current position to start from
+
+  Returns:
+    Tuple[bytes, int] of the tag data and new position.
+  """
+  start = pos
+  while six.indexbytes(buffer, pos) & 0x80:
+    pos += 1
+  pos += 1
+
+  tag_bytes = buffer[start:pos].tobytes()
+  return tag_bytes, pos
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _SimpleDecoder(wire_type, decode_value):
+  """Return a constructor for a decoder for fields of a particular type.
+
+  Args:
+      wire_type:  The field's wire type.
+      decode_value:  A function which decodes an individual value, e.g.
+        _DecodeVarint()
+  """
+
+  def SpecificDecoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed, key, new_default):
+    if is_packed:
+      local_DecodeVarint = _DecodeVarint
+      def DecodePackedField(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+        value = field_dict.get(key)
+        if value is None:
+          value = field_dict.setdefault(key, new_default(message))
+        (endpoint, pos) = local_DecodeVarint(buffer, pos)
+        endpoint += pos
+        if endpoint > end:
+          raise _DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+        while pos < endpoint:
+          (element, pos) = decode_value(buffer, pos)
+          value.append(element)
+        if pos > endpoint:
+          del value[-1]   # Discard corrupt value.
+          raise _DecodeError('Packed element was truncated.')
+        return pos
+      return DecodePackedField
+    elif is_repeated:
+      tag_bytes = encoder.TagBytes(field_number, wire_type)
+      tag_len = len(tag_bytes)
+      def DecodeRepeatedField(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+        value = field_dict.get(key)
+        if value is None:
+          value = field_dict.setdefault(key, new_default(message))
+        while 1:
+          (element, new_pos) = decode_value(buffer, pos)
+          value.append(element)
+          # Predict that the next tag is another copy of the same repeated
+          # field.
+          pos = new_pos + tag_len
+          if buffer[new_pos:pos] != tag_bytes or new_pos >= end:
+            # Prediction failed.  Return.
+            if new_pos > end:
+              raise _DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+            return new_pos
+      return DecodeRepeatedField
+    else:
+      def DecodeField(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+        (field_dict[key], pos) = decode_value(buffer, pos)
+        if pos > end:
+          del field_dict[key]  # Discard corrupt value.
+          raise _DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+        return pos
+      return DecodeField
+
+  return SpecificDecoder
+
+
+def _ModifiedDecoder(wire_type, decode_value, modify_value):
+  """Like SimpleDecoder but additionally invokes modify_value on every value
+  before storing it.  Usually modify_value is ZigZagDecode.
+  """
+
+  # Reusing _SimpleDecoder is slightly slower than copying a bunch of code, but
+  # not enough to make a significant difference.
+
+  def InnerDecode(buffer, pos):
+    (result, new_pos) = decode_value(buffer, pos)
+    return (modify_value(result), new_pos)
+  return _SimpleDecoder(wire_type, InnerDecode)
+
+
+def _StructPackDecoder(wire_type, format):
+  """Return a constructor for a decoder for a fixed-width field.
+
+  Args:
+      wire_type:  The field's wire type.
+      format:  The format string to pass to struct.unpack().
+  """
+
+  value_size = struct.calcsize(format)
+  local_unpack = struct.unpack
+
+  # Reusing _SimpleDecoder is slightly slower than copying a bunch of code, but
+  # not enough to make a significant difference.
+
+  # Note that we expect someone up-stack to catch struct.error and convert
+  # it to _DecodeError -- this way we don't have to set up exception-
+  # handling blocks every time we parse one value.
+
+  def InnerDecode(buffer, pos):
+    new_pos = pos + value_size
+    result = local_unpack(format, buffer[pos:new_pos])[0]
+    return (result, new_pos)
+  return _SimpleDecoder(wire_type, InnerDecode)
+
+
+def _FloatDecoder():
+  """Returns a decoder for a float field.
+
+  This code works around a bug in struct.unpack for non-finite 32-bit
+  floating-point values.
+  """
+
+  local_unpack = struct.unpack
+
+  def InnerDecode(buffer, pos):
+    """Decode serialized float to a float and new position.
+
+    Args:
+      buffer: memoryview of the serialized bytes
+      pos: int, position in the memory view to start at.
+
+    Returns:
+      Tuple[float, int] of the deserialized float value and new position
+      in the serialized data.
+    """
+    # We expect a 32-bit value in little-endian byte order.  Bit 1 is the sign
+    # bit, bits 2-9 represent the exponent, and bits 10-32 are the significand.
+    new_pos = pos + 4
+    float_bytes = buffer[pos:new_pos].tobytes()
+
+    # If this value has all its exponent bits set, then it's non-finite.
+    # In Python 2.4, struct.unpack will convert it to a finite 64-bit value.
+    # To avoid that, we parse it specially.
+    if (float_bytes[3:4] in b'\x7F\xFF' and float_bytes[2:3] >= b'\x80'):
+      # If at least one significand bit is set...
+      if float_bytes[0:3] != b'\x00\x00\x80':
+        return (_NAN, new_pos)
+      # If sign bit is set...
+      if float_bytes[3:4] == b'\xFF':
+        return (_NEG_INF, new_pos)
+      return (_POS_INF, new_pos)
+
+    # Note that we expect someone up-stack to catch struct.error and convert
+    # it to _DecodeError -- this way we don't have to set up exception-
+    # handling blocks every time we parse one value.
+    result = local_unpack('<f', float_bytes)[0]
+    return (result, new_pos)
+  return _SimpleDecoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED32, InnerDecode)
+
+
+def _DoubleDecoder():
+  """Returns a decoder for a double field.
+
+  This code works around a bug in struct.unpack for not-a-number.
+  """
+
+  local_unpack = struct.unpack
+
+  def InnerDecode(buffer, pos):
+    """Decode serialized double to a double and new position.
+
+    Args:
+      buffer: memoryview of the serialized bytes.
+      pos: int, position in the memory view to start at.
+
+    Returns:
+      Tuple[float, int] of the decoded double value and new position
+      in the serialized data.
+    """
+    # We expect a 64-bit value in little-endian byte order.  Bit 1 is the sign
+    # bit, bits 2-12 represent the exponent, and bits 13-64 are the significand.
+    new_pos = pos + 8
+    double_bytes = buffer[pos:new_pos].tobytes()
+
+    # If this value has all its exponent bits set and at least one significand
+    # bit set, it's not a number.  In Python 2.4, struct.unpack will treat it
+    # as inf or -inf.  To avoid that, we treat it specially.
+    if ((double_bytes[7:8] in b'\x7F\xFF')
+        and (double_bytes[6:7] >= b'\xF0')
+        and (double_bytes[0:7] != b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0')):
+      return (_NAN, new_pos)
+
+    # Note that we expect someone up-stack to catch struct.error and convert
+    # it to _DecodeError -- this way we don't have to set up exception-
+    # handling blocks every time we parse one value.
+    result = local_unpack('<d', double_bytes)[0]
+    return (result, new_pos)
+  return _SimpleDecoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED64, InnerDecode)
+
+
+def EnumDecoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed, key, new_default):
+  enum_type = key.enum_type
+  if is_packed:
+    local_DecodeVarint = _DecodeVarint
+    def DecodePackedField(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+      """Decode serialized packed enum to its value and a new position.
+
+      Args:
+        buffer: memoryview of the serialized bytes.
+        pos: int, position in the memory view to start at.
+        end: int, end position of serialized data
+        message: Message object to store unknown fields in
+        field_dict: Map[Descriptor, Any] to store decoded values in.
+
+      Returns:
+        int, new position in serialized data.
+      """
+      value = field_dict.get(key)
+      if value is None:
+        value = field_dict.setdefault(key, new_default(message))
+      (endpoint, pos) = local_DecodeVarint(buffer, pos)
+      endpoint += pos
+      if endpoint > end:
+        raise _DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+      while pos < endpoint:
+        value_start_pos = pos
+        (element, pos) = _DecodeSignedVarint32(buffer, pos)
+        # pylint: disable=protected-access
+        if element in enum_type.values_by_number:
+          value.append(element)
+        else:
+          if not message._unknown_fields:
+            message._unknown_fields = []
+          tag_bytes = encoder.TagBytes(field_number,
+                                       wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT)
+
+          message._unknown_fields.append(
+              (tag_bytes, buffer[value_start_pos:pos].tobytes()))
+          if message._unknown_field_set is None:
+            message._unknown_field_set = containers.UnknownFieldSet()
+          message._unknown_field_set._add(
+              field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT, element)
+          # pylint: enable=protected-access
+      if pos > endpoint:
+        if element in enum_type.values_by_number:
+          del value[-1]   # Discard corrupt value.
+        else:
+          del message._unknown_fields[-1]
+          # pylint: disable=protected-access
+          del message._unknown_field_set._values[-1]
+          # pylint: enable=protected-access
+        raise _DecodeError('Packed element was truncated.')
+      return pos
+    return DecodePackedField
+  elif is_repeated:
+    tag_bytes = encoder.TagBytes(field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT)
+    tag_len = len(tag_bytes)
+    def DecodeRepeatedField(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+      """Decode serialized repeated enum to its value and a new position.
+
+      Args:
+        buffer: memoryview of the serialized bytes.
+        pos: int, position in the memory view to start at.
+        end: int, end position of serialized data
+        message: Message object to store unknown fields in
+        field_dict: Map[Descriptor, Any] to store decoded values in.
+
+      Returns:
+        int, new position in serialized data.
+      """
+      value = field_dict.get(key)
+      if value is None:
+        value = field_dict.setdefault(key, new_default(message))
+      while 1:
+        (element, new_pos) = _DecodeSignedVarint32(buffer, pos)
+        # pylint: disable=protected-access
+        if element in enum_type.values_by_number:
+          value.append(element)
+        else:
+          if not message._unknown_fields:
+            message._unknown_fields = []
+          message._unknown_fields.append(
+              (tag_bytes, buffer[pos:new_pos].tobytes()))
+          if message._unknown_field_set is None:
+            message._unknown_field_set = containers.UnknownFieldSet()
+          message._unknown_field_set._add(
+              field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT, element)
+        # pylint: enable=protected-access
+        # Predict that the next tag is another copy of the same repeated
+        # field.
+        pos = new_pos + tag_len
+        if buffer[new_pos:pos] != tag_bytes or new_pos >= end:
+          # Prediction failed.  Return.
+          if new_pos > end:
+            raise _DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+          return new_pos
+    return DecodeRepeatedField
+  else:
+    def DecodeField(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+      """Decode serialized repeated enum to its value and a new position.
+
+      Args:
+        buffer: memoryview of the serialized bytes.
+        pos: int, position in the memory view to start at.
+        end: int, end position of serialized data
+        message: Message object to store unknown fields in
+        field_dict: Map[Descriptor, Any] to store decoded values in.
+
+      Returns:
+        int, new position in serialized data.
+      """
+      value_start_pos = pos
+      (enum_value, pos) = _DecodeSignedVarint32(buffer, pos)
+      if pos > end:
+        raise _DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+      # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      if enum_value in enum_type.values_by_number:
+        field_dict[key] = enum_value
+      else:
+        if not message._unknown_fields:
+          message._unknown_fields = []
+        tag_bytes = encoder.TagBytes(field_number,
+                                     wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT)
+        message._unknown_fields.append(
+            (tag_bytes, buffer[value_start_pos:pos].tobytes()))
+        if message._unknown_field_set is None:
+          message._unknown_field_set = containers.UnknownFieldSet()
+        message._unknown_field_set._add(
+            field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT, enum_value)
+        # pylint: enable=protected-access
+      return pos
+    return DecodeField
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+Int32Decoder = _SimpleDecoder(
+    wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT, _DecodeSignedVarint32)
+
+Int64Decoder = _SimpleDecoder(
+    wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT, _DecodeSignedVarint)
+
+UInt32Decoder = _SimpleDecoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT, _DecodeVarint32)
+UInt64Decoder = _SimpleDecoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT, _DecodeVarint)
+
+SInt32Decoder = _ModifiedDecoder(
+    wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT, _DecodeVarint32, wire_format.ZigZagDecode)
+SInt64Decoder = _ModifiedDecoder(
+    wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT, _DecodeVarint, wire_format.ZigZagDecode)
+
+# Note that Python conveniently guarantees that when using the '<' prefix on
+# formats, they will also have the same size across all platforms (as opposed
+# to without the prefix, where their sizes depend on the C compiler's basic
+# type sizes).
+Fixed32Decoder  = _StructPackDecoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED32, '<I')
+Fixed64Decoder  = _StructPackDecoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED64, '<Q')
+SFixed32Decoder = _StructPackDecoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED32, '<i')
+SFixed64Decoder = _StructPackDecoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED64, '<q')
+FloatDecoder = _FloatDecoder()
+DoubleDecoder = _DoubleDecoder()
+
+BoolDecoder = _ModifiedDecoder(
+    wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT, _DecodeVarint, bool)
+
+
+def StringDecoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed, key, new_default,
+                  is_strict_utf8=False):
+  """Returns a decoder for a string field."""
+
+  local_DecodeVarint = _DecodeVarint
+  local_unicode = six.text_type
+
+  def _ConvertToUnicode(memview):
+    """Convert byte to unicode."""
+    byte_str = memview.tobytes()
+    try:
+      value = local_unicode(byte_str, 'utf-8')
+    except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+      # add more information to the error message and re-raise it.
+      e.reason = '%s in field: %s' % (e, key.full_name)
+      raise
+
+    if is_strict_utf8 and six.PY2 and sys.maxunicode > _UCS2_MAXUNICODE:
+      # Only do the check for python2 ucs4 when is_strict_utf8 enabled
+      if _SURROGATE_PATTERN.search(value):
+        reason = ('String field %s contains invalid UTF-8 data when parsing'
+                  'a protocol buffer: surrogates not allowed. Use'
+                  'the bytes type if you intend to send raw bytes.') % (
+                      key.full_name)
+        raise message.DecodeError(reason)
+
+    return value
+
+  assert not is_packed
+  if is_repeated:
+    tag_bytes = encoder.TagBytes(field_number,
+                                 wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)
+    tag_len = len(tag_bytes)
+    def DecodeRepeatedField(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+      value = field_dict.get(key)
+      if value is None:
+        value = field_dict.setdefault(key, new_default(message))
+      while 1:
+        (size, pos) = local_DecodeVarint(buffer, pos)
+        new_pos = pos + size
+        if new_pos > end:
+          raise _DecodeError('Truncated string.')
+        value.append(_ConvertToUnicode(buffer[pos:new_pos]))
+        # Predict that the next tag is another copy of the same repeated field.
+        pos = new_pos + tag_len
+        if buffer[new_pos:pos] != tag_bytes or new_pos == end:
+          # Prediction failed.  Return.
+          return new_pos
+    return DecodeRepeatedField
+  else:
+    def DecodeField(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+      (size, pos) = local_DecodeVarint(buffer, pos)
+      new_pos = pos + size
+      if new_pos > end:
+        raise _DecodeError('Truncated string.')
+      field_dict[key] = _ConvertToUnicode(buffer[pos:new_pos])
+      return new_pos
+    return DecodeField
+
+
+def BytesDecoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed, key, new_default):
+  """Returns a decoder for a bytes field."""
+
+  local_DecodeVarint = _DecodeVarint
+
+  assert not is_packed
+  if is_repeated:
+    tag_bytes = encoder.TagBytes(field_number,
+                                 wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)
+    tag_len = len(tag_bytes)
+    def DecodeRepeatedField(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+      value = field_dict.get(key)
+      if value is None:
+        value = field_dict.setdefault(key, new_default(message))
+      while 1:
+        (size, pos) = local_DecodeVarint(buffer, pos)
+        new_pos = pos + size
+        if new_pos > end:
+          raise _DecodeError('Truncated string.')
+        value.append(buffer[pos:new_pos].tobytes())
+        # Predict that the next tag is another copy of the same repeated field.
+        pos = new_pos + tag_len
+        if buffer[new_pos:pos] != tag_bytes or new_pos == end:
+          # Prediction failed.  Return.
+          return new_pos
+    return DecodeRepeatedField
+  else:
+    def DecodeField(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+      (size, pos) = local_DecodeVarint(buffer, pos)
+      new_pos = pos + size
+      if new_pos > end:
+        raise _DecodeError('Truncated string.')
+      field_dict[key] = buffer[pos:new_pos].tobytes()
+      return new_pos
+    return DecodeField
+
+
+def GroupDecoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed, key, new_default):
+  """Returns a decoder for a group field."""
+
+  end_tag_bytes = encoder.TagBytes(field_number,
+                                   wire_format.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP)
+  end_tag_len = len(end_tag_bytes)
+
+  assert not is_packed
+  if is_repeated:
+    tag_bytes = encoder.TagBytes(field_number,
+                                 wire_format.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP)
+    tag_len = len(tag_bytes)
+    def DecodeRepeatedField(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+      value = field_dict.get(key)
+      if value is None:
+        value = field_dict.setdefault(key, new_default(message))
+      while 1:
+        value = field_dict.get(key)
+        if value is None:
+          value = field_dict.setdefault(key, new_default(message))
+        # Read sub-message.
+        pos = value.add()._InternalParse(buffer, pos, end)
+        # Read end tag.
+        new_pos = pos+end_tag_len
+        if buffer[pos:new_pos] != end_tag_bytes or new_pos > end:
+          raise _DecodeError('Missing group end tag.')
+        # Predict that the next tag is another copy of the same repeated field.
+        pos = new_pos + tag_len
+        if buffer[new_pos:pos] != tag_bytes or new_pos == end:
+          # Prediction failed.  Return.
+          return new_pos
+    return DecodeRepeatedField
+  else:
+    def DecodeField(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+      value = field_dict.get(key)
+      if value is None:
+        value = field_dict.setdefault(key, new_default(message))
+      # Read sub-message.
+      pos = value._InternalParse(buffer, pos, end)
+      # Read end tag.
+      new_pos = pos+end_tag_len
+      if buffer[pos:new_pos] != end_tag_bytes or new_pos > end:
+        raise _DecodeError('Missing group end tag.')
+      return new_pos
+    return DecodeField
+
+
+def MessageDecoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed, key, new_default):
+  """Returns a decoder for a message field."""
+
+  local_DecodeVarint = _DecodeVarint
+
+  assert not is_packed
+  if is_repeated:
+    tag_bytes = encoder.TagBytes(field_number,
+                                 wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)
+    tag_len = len(tag_bytes)
+    def DecodeRepeatedField(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+      value = field_dict.get(key)
+      if value is None:
+        value = field_dict.setdefault(key, new_default(message))
+      while 1:
+        # Read length.
+        (size, pos) = local_DecodeVarint(buffer, pos)
+        new_pos = pos + size
+        if new_pos > end:
+          raise _DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+        # Read sub-message.
+        if value.add()._InternalParse(buffer, pos, new_pos) != new_pos:
+          # The only reason _InternalParse would return early is if it
+          # encountered an end-group tag.
+          raise _DecodeError('Unexpected end-group tag.')
+        # Predict that the next tag is another copy of the same repeated field.
+        pos = new_pos + tag_len
+        if buffer[new_pos:pos] != tag_bytes or new_pos == end:
+          # Prediction failed.  Return.
+          return new_pos
+    return DecodeRepeatedField
+  else:
+    def DecodeField(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+      value = field_dict.get(key)
+      if value is None:
+        value = field_dict.setdefault(key, new_default(message))
+      # Read length.
+      (size, pos) = local_DecodeVarint(buffer, pos)
+      new_pos = pos + size
+      if new_pos > end:
+        raise _DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+      # Read sub-message.
+      if value._InternalParse(buffer, pos, new_pos) != new_pos:
+        # The only reason _InternalParse would return early is if it encountered
+        # an end-group tag.
+        raise _DecodeError('Unexpected end-group tag.')
+      return new_pos
+    return DecodeField
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_TAG = encoder.TagBytes(1, wire_format.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP)
+
+def MessageSetItemDecoder(descriptor):
+  """Returns a decoder for a MessageSet item.
+
+  The parameter is the message Descriptor.
+
+  The message set message looks like this:
+    message MessageSet {
+      repeated group Item = 1 {
+        required int32 type_id = 2;
+        required string message = 3;
+      }
+    }
+  """
+
+  type_id_tag_bytes = encoder.TagBytes(2, wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT)
+  message_tag_bytes = encoder.TagBytes(3, wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)
+  item_end_tag_bytes = encoder.TagBytes(1, wire_format.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP)
+
+  local_ReadTag = ReadTag
+  local_DecodeVarint = _DecodeVarint
+  local_SkipField = SkipField
+
+  def DecodeItem(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+    """Decode serialized message set to its value and new position.
+
+    Args:
+      buffer: memoryview of the serialized bytes.
+      pos: int, position in the memory view to start at.
+      end: int, end position of serialized data
+      message: Message object to store unknown fields in
+      field_dict: Map[Descriptor, Any] to store decoded values in.
+
+    Returns:
+      int, new position in serialized data.
+    """
+    message_set_item_start = pos
+    type_id = -1
+    message_start = -1
+    message_end = -1
+
+    # Technically, type_id and message can appear in any order, so we need
+    # a little loop here.
+    while 1:
+      (tag_bytes, pos) = local_ReadTag(buffer, pos)
+      if tag_bytes == type_id_tag_bytes:
+        (type_id, pos) = local_DecodeVarint(buffer, pos)
+      elif tag_bytes == message_tag_bytes:
+        (size, message_start) = local_DecodeVarint(buffer, pos)
+        pos = message_end = message_start + size
+      elif tag_bytes == item_end_tag_bytes:
+        break
+      else:
+        pos = SkipField(buffer, pos, end, tag_bytes)
+        if pos == -1:
+          raise _DecodeError('Missing group end tag.')
+
+    if pos > end:
+      raise _DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+
+    if type_id == -1:
+      raise _DecodeError('MessageSet item missing type_id.')
+    if message_start == -1:
+      raise _DecodeError('MessageSet item missing message.')
+
+    extension = message.Extensions._FindExtensionByNumber(type_id)
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    if extension is not None:
+      value = field_dict.get(extension)
+      if value is None:
+        value = field_dict.setdefault(
+            extension, extension.message_type._concrete_class())
+      if value._InternalParse(buffer, message_start,message_end) != message_end:
+        # The only reason _InternalParse would return early is if it encountered
+        # an end-group tag.
+        raise _DecodeError('Unexpected end-group tag.')
+    else:
+      if not message._unknown_fields:
+        message._unknown_fields = []
+      message._unknown_fields.append(
+          (MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_TAG, buffer[message_set_item_start:pos].tobytes()))
+      if message._unknown_field_set is None:
+        message._unknown_field_set = containers.UnknownFieldSet()
+      message._unknown_field_set._add(
+          type_id,
+          wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,
+          buffer[message_start:message_end].tobytes())
+      # pylint: enable=protected-access
+
+    return pos
+
+  return DecodeItem
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def MapDecoder(field_descriptor, new_default, is_message_map):
+  """Returns a decoder for a map field."""
+
+  key = field_descriptor
+  tag_bytes = encoder.TagBytes(field_descriptor.number,
+                               wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)
+  tag_len = len(tag_bytes)
+  local_DecodeVarint = _DecodeVarint
+  # Can't read _concrete_class yet; might not be initialized.
+  message_type = field_descriptor.message_type
+
+  def DecodeMap(buffer, pos, end, message, field_dict):
+    submsg = message_type._concrete_class()
+    value = field_dict.get(key)
+    if value is None:
+      value = field_dict.setdefault(key, new_default(message))
+    while 1:
+      # Read length.
+      (size, pos) = local_DecodeVarint(buffer, pos)
+      new_pos = pos + size
+      if new_pos > end:
+        raise _DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+      # Read sub-message.
+      submsg.Clear()
+      if submsg._InternalParse(buffer, pos, new_pos) != new_pos:
+        # The only reason _InternalParse would return early is if it
+        # encountered an end-group tag.
+        raise _DecodeError('Unexpected end-group tag.')
+
+      if is_message_map:
+        value[submsg.key].CopyFrom(submsg.value)
+      else:
+        value[submsg.key] = submsg.value
+
+      # Predict that the next tag is another copy of the same repeated field.
+      pos = new_pos + tag_len
+      if buffer[new_pos:pos] != tag_bytes or new_pos == end:
+        # Prediction failed.  Return.
+        return new_pos
+
+  return DecodeMap
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Optimization is not as heavy here because calls to SkipField() are rare,
+# except for handling end-group tags.
+
+def _SkipVarint(buffer, pos, end):
+  """Skip a varint value.  Returns the new position."""
+  # Previously ord(buffer[pos]) raised IndexError when pos is out of range.
+  # With this code, ord(b'') raises TypeError.  Both are handled in
+  # python_message.py to generate a 'Truncated message' error.
+  while ord(buffer[pos:pos+1].tobytes()) & 0x80:
+    pos += 1
+  pos += 1
+  if pos > end:
+    raise _DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+  return pos
+
+def _SkipFixed64(buffer, pos, end):
+  """Skip a fixed64 value.  Returns the new position."""
+
+  pos += 8
+  if pos > end:
+    raise _DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+  return pos
+
+
+def _DecodeFixed64(buffer, pos):
+  """Decode a fixed64."""
+  new_pos = pos + 8
+  return (struct.unpack('<Q', buffer[pos:new_pos])[0], new_pos)
+
+
+def _SkipLengthDelimited(buffer, pos, end):
+  """Skip a length-delimited value.  Returns the new position."""
+
+  (size, pos) = _DecodeVarint(buffer, pos)
+  pos += size
+  if pos > end:
+    raise _DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+  return pos
+
+
+def _SkipGroup(buffer, pos, end):
+  """Skip sub-group.  Returns the new position."""
+
+  while 1:
+    (tag_bytes, pos) = ReadTag(buffer, pos)
+    new_pos = SkipField(buffer, pos, end, tag_bytes)
+    if new_pos == -1:
+      return pos
+    pos = new_pos
+
+
+def _DecodeUnknownFieldSet(buffer, pos, end_pos=None):
+  """Decode UnknownFieldSet.  Returns the UnknownFieldSet and new position."""
+
+  unknown_field_set = containers.UnknownFieldSet()
+  while end_pos is None or pos < end_pos:
+    (tag_bytes, pos) = ReadTag(buffer, pos)
+    (tag, _) = _DecodeVarint(tag_bytes, 0)
+    field_number, wire_type = wire_format.UnpackTag(tag)
+    if wire_type == wire_format.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+      break
+    (data, pos) = _DecodeUnknownField(buffer, pos, wire_type)
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    unknown_field_set._add(field_number, wire_type, data)
+
+  return (unknown_field_set, pos)
+
+
+def _DecodeUnknownField(buffer, pos, wire_type):
+  """Decode a unknown field.  Returns the UnknownField and new position."""
+
+  if wire_type == wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+    (data, pos) = _DecodeVarint(buffer, pos)
+  elif wire_type == wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+    (data, pos) = _DecodeFixed64(buffer, pos)
+  elif wire_type == wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+    (data, pos) = _DecodeFixed32(buffer, pos)
+  elif wire_type == wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+    (size, pos) = _DecodeVarint(buffer, pos)
+    data = buffer[pos:pos+size].tobytes()
+    pos += size
+  elif wire_type == wire_format.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+    (data, pos) = _DecodeUnknownFieldSet(buffer, pos)
+  elif wire_type == wire_format.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+    return (0, -1)
+  else:
+    raise _DecodeError('Wrong wire type in tag.')
+
+  return (data, pos)
+
+
+def _EndGroup(buffer, pos, end):
+  """Skipping an END_GROUP tag returns -1 to tell the parent loop to break."""
+
+  return -1
+
+
+def _SkipFixed32(buffer, pos, end):
+  """Skip a fixed32 value.  Returns the new position."""
+
+  pos += 4
+  if pos > end:
+    raise _DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+  return pos
+
+
+def _DecodeFixed32(buffer, pos):
+  """Decode a fixed32."""
+
+  new_pos = pos + 4
+  return (struct.unpack('<I', buffer[pos:new_pos])[0], new_pos)
+
+
+def _RaiseInvalidWireType(buffer, pos, end):
+  """Skip function for unknown wire types.  Raises an exception."""
+
+  raise _DecodeError('Tag had invalid wire type.')
+
+def _FieldSkipper():
+  """Constructs the SkipField function."""
+
+  WIRETYPE_TO_SKIPPER = [
+      _SkipVarint,
+      _SkipFixed64,
+      _SkipLengthDelimited,
+      _SkipGroup,
+      _EndGroup,
+      _SkipFixed32,
+      _RaiseInvalidWireType,
+      _RaiseInvalidWireType,
+      ]
+
+  wiretype_mask = wire_format.TAG_TYPE_MASK
+
+  def SkipField(buffer, pos, end, tag_bytes):
+    """Skips a field with the specified tag.
+
+    |pos| should point to the byte immediately after the tag.
+
+    Returns:
+        The new position (after the tag value), or -1 if the tag is an end-group
+        tag (in which case the calling loop should break).
+    """
+
+    # The wire type is always in the first byte since varints are little-endian.
+    wire_type = ord(tag_bytes[0:1]) & wiretype_mask
+    return WIRETYPE_TO_SKIPPER[wire_type](buffer, pos, end)
+
+  return SkipField
+
+SkipField = _FieldSkipper()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_database_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_database_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..619779a5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_database_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests for google.protobuf.descriptor_database."""
+
+__author__ = 'matthewtoia@google.com (Matt Toia)'
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+import warnings
+
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import factory_test2_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import no_package_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import testing_refleaks
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_database
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class DescriptorDatabaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testAdd(self):
+    db = descriptor_database.DescriptorDatabase()
+    file_desc_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        factory_test2_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    file_desc_proto2 = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        no_package_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    db.Add(file_desc_proto)
+    db.Add(file_desc_proto2)
+
+    self.assertEqual(file_desc_proto, db.FindFileByName(
+        'google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto'))
+    # Can find message type.
+    self.assertEqual(file_desc_proto, db.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message'))
+    # Can find nested message type.
+    self.assertEqual(file_desc_proto, db.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message.NestedFactory2Message'))
+    # Can find enum type.
+    self.assertEqual(file_desc_proto, db.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Enum'))
+    # Can find nested enum type.
+    self.assertEqual(file_desc_proto, db.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message.NestedFactory2Enum'))
+    self.assertEqual(file_desc_proto, db.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.MessageWithNestedEnumOnly.NestedEnum'))
+    # Can find field.
+    self.assertEqual(file_desc_proto, db.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message.list_field'))
+    # Can find enum value.
+    self.assertEqual(file_desc_proto, db.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Enum.FACTORY_2_VALUE_0'))
+    self.assertEqual(file_desc_proto, db.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.FACTORY_2_VALUE_0'))
+    self.assertEqual(file_desc_proto2, db.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        '.NO_PACKAGE_VALUE_0'))
+    # Can find top level extension.
+    self.assertEqual(file_desc_proto, db.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.another_field'))
+    # Can find nested extension inside a message.
+    self.assertEqual(file_desc_proto, db.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message.one_more_field'))
+
+    # Can find service.
+    file_desc_proto2 = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    db.Add(file_desc_proto2)
+    self.assertEqual(file_desc_proto2, db.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'protobuf_unittest.TestService'))
+
+    # Non-existent field under a valid top level symbol can also be
+    # found. The behavior is the same with protobuf C++.
+    self.assertEqual(file_desc_proto2, db.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.none_field'))
+
+    with self.assertRaisesRegexp(KeyError, r'\'protobuf_unittest\.NoneMessage\''):
+      db.FindFileContainingSymbol('protobuf_unittest.NoneMessage')
+
+  def testConflictRegister(self):
+    db = descriptor_database.DescriptorDatabase()
+    unittest_fd = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    db.Add(unittest_fd)
+    conflict_fd = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    conflict_fd.name = 'other_file2'
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      # Cause all warnings to always be triggered.
+      warnings.simplefilter('always')
+      db.Add(conflict_fd)
+      self.assertTrue(len(w))
+      self.assertIs(w[0].category, RuntimeWarning)
+      self.assertIn('Conflict register for file "other_file2": ',
+                    str(w[0].message))
+      self.assertIn('already defined in file '
+                    '"google/protobuf/unittest.proto"',
+                    str(w[0].message))
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad1eb653f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1126 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests for google.protobuf.descriptor_pool."""
+
+__author__ = 'matthewtoia@google.com (Matt Toia)'
+
+import copy
+import os
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+from google.protobuf import unittest_import_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_import_public_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+from google.protobuf.internal import descriptor_pool_test1_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import descriptor_pool_test2_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import factory_test1_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import factory_test2_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import file_options_test_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import more_messages_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import no_package_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import testing_refleaks
+from google.protobuf import descriptor
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_database
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool
+from google.protobuf import message_factory
+from google.protobuf import symbol_database
+
+
+
+class DescriptorPoolTestBase(object):
+
+  def testFindFileByName(self):
+    name1 = 'google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto'
+    file_desc1 = self.pool.FindFileByName(name1)
+    self.assertIsInstance(file_desc1, descriptor.FileDescriptor)
+    self.assertEqual(name1, file_desc1.name)
+    self.assertEqual('google.protobuf.python.internal', file_desc1.package)
+    self.assertIn('Factory1Message', file_desc1.message_types_by_name)
+
+    name2 = 'google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto'
+    file_desc2 = self.pool.FindFileByName(name2)
+    self.assertIsInstance(file_desc2, descriptor.FileDescriptor)
+    self.assertEqual(name2, file_desc2.name)
+    self.assertEqual('google.protobuf.python.internal', file_desc2.package)
+    self.assertIn('Factory2Message', file_desc2.message_types_by_name)
+
+  def testFindFileByNameFailure(self):
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      self.pool.FindFileByName('Does not exist')
+
+  def testFindFileContainingSymbol(self):
+    file_desc1 = self.pool.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message')
+    self.assertIsInstance(file_desc1, descriptor.FileDescriptor)
+    self.assertEqual('google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto',
+                     file_desc1.name)
+    self.assertEqual('google.protobuf.python.internal', file_desc1.package)
+    self.assertIn('Factory1Message', file_desc1.message_types_by_name)
+
+    file_desc2 = self.pool.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message')
+    self.assertIsInstance(file_desc2, descriptor.FileDescriptor)
+    self.assertEqual('google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto',
+                     file_desc2.name)
+    self.assertEqual('google.protobuf.python.internal', file_desc2.package)
+    self.assertIn('Factory2Message', file_desc2.message_types_by_name)
+
+    # Tests top level extension.
+    file_desc3 = self.pool.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.another_field')
+    self.assertIsInstance(file_desc3, descriptor.FileDescriptor)
+    self.assertEqual('google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto',
+                     file_desc3.name)
+
+    # Tests nested extension inside a message.
+    file_desc4 = self.pool.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message.one_more_field')
+    self.assertIsInstance(file_desc4, descriptor.FileDescriptor)
+    self.assertEqual('google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto',
+                     file_desc4.name)
+
+    file_desc5 = self.pool.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'protobuf_unittest.TestService')
+    self.assertIsInstance(file_desc5, descriptor.FileDescriptor)
+    self.assertEqual('google/protobuf/unittest.proto',
+                     file_desc5.name)
+    # Tests the generated pool.
+    assert descriptor_pool.Default().FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message.one_more_field')
+    assert descriptor_pool.Default().FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.another_field')
+    assert descriptor_pool.Default().FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'protobuf_unittest.TestService')
+
+    # Can find field.
+    file_desc6 = self.pool.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message.list_value')
+    self.assertIsInstance(file_desc6, descriptor.FileDescriptor)
+    self.assertEqual('google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto',
+                     file_desc6.name)
+
+    # Can find top level Enum value.
+    file_desc7 = self.pool.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.FACTORY_1_VALUE_0')
+    self.assertIsInstance(file_desc7, descriptor.FileDescriptor)
+    self.assertEqual('google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto',
+                     file_desc7.name)
+
+    # Can find nested Enum value.
+    file_desc8 = self.pool.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+        'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.FOO')
+    self.assertIsInstance(file_desc8, descriptor.FileDescriptor)
+    self.assertEqual('google/protobuf/unittest.proto',
+                     file_desc8.name)
+
+    # TODO(jieluo): Add tests for no package when b/13860351 is fixed.
+
+    self.assertRaises(KeyError, self.pool.FindFileContainingSymbol,
+                      'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message.none_field')
+
+  def testFindFileContainingSymbolFailure(self):
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      self.pool.FindFileContainingSymbol('Does not exist')
+
+  def testFindMessageTypeByName(self):
+    msg1 = self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message')
+    self.assertIsInstance(msg1, descriptor.Descriptor)
+    self.assertEqual('Factory1Message', msg1.name)
+    self.assertEqual('google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message',
+                     msg1.full_name)
+    self.assertEqual(None, msg1.containing_type)
+    self.assertFalse(msg1.has_options)
+
+    nested_msg1 = msg1.nested_types[0]
+    self.assertEqual('NestedFactory1Message', nested_msg1.name)
+    self.assertEqual(msg1, nested_msg1.containing_type)
+
+    nested_enum1 = msg1.enum_types[0]
+    self.assertEqual('NestedFactory1Enum', nested_enum1.name)
+    self.assertEqual(msg1, nested_enum1.containing_type)
+
+    self.assertEqual(nested_msg1, msg1.fields_by_name[
+        'nested_factory_1_message'].message_type)
+    self.assertEqual(nested_enum1, msg1.fields_by_name[
+        'nested_factory_1_enum'].enum_type)
+
+    msg2 = self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message')
+    self.assertIsInstance(msg2, descriptor.Descriptor)
+    self.assertEqual('Factory2Message', msg2.name)
+    self.assertEqual('google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message',
+                     msg2.full_name)
+    self.assertIsNone(msg2.containing_type)
+
+    nested_msg2 = msg2.nested_types[0]
+    self.assertEqual('NestedFactory2Message', nested_msg2.name)
+    self.assertEqual(msg2, nested_msg2.containing_type)
+
+    nested_enum2 = msg2.enum_types[0]
+    self.assertEqual('NestedFactory2Enum', nested_enum2.name)
+    self.assertEqual(msg2, nested_enum2.containing_type)
+
+    self.assertEqual(nested_msg2, msg2.fields_by_name[
+        'nested_factory_2_message'].message_type)
+    self.assertEqual(nested_enum2, msg2.fields_by_name[
+        'nested_factory_2_enum'].enum_type)
+
+    self.assertTrue(msg2.fields_by_name['int_with_default'].has_default_value)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        1776, msg2.fields_by_name['int_with_default'].default_value)
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        msg2.fields_by_name['double_with_default'].has_default_value)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        9.99, msg2.fields_by_name['double_with_default'].default_value)
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        msg2.fields_by_name['string_with_default'].has_default_value)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'hello world', msg2.fields_by_name['string_with_default'].default_value)
+
+    self.assertTrue(msg2.fields_by_name['bool_with_default'].has_default_value)
+    self.assertFalse(msg2.fields_by_name['bool_with_default'].default_value)
+
+    self.assertTrue(msg2.fields_by_name['enum_with_default'].has_default_value)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        1, msg2.fields_by_name['enum_with_default'].default_value)
+
+    msg3 = self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message.NestedFactory2Message')
+    self.assertEqual(nested_msg2, msg3)
+
+    self.assertTrue(msg2.fields_by_name['bytes_with_default'].has_default_value)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        b'a\xfb\x00c',
+        msg2.fields_by_name['bytes_with_default'].default_value)
+
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(msg2.oneofs))
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(msg2.oneofs_by_name))
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(msg2.oneofs[0].fields))
+    for name in ['oneof_int', 'oneof_string']:
+      self.assertEqual(msg2.oneofs[0],
+                       msg2.fields_by_name[name].containing_oneof)
+      self.assertIn(msg2.fields_by_name[name], msg2.oneofs[0].fields)
+
+  def testFindTypeErrors(self):
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.pool.FindExtensionByNumber, '')
+    self.assertRaises(KeyError, self.pool.FindMethodByName, '')
+
+    # TODO(jieluo): Fix python to raise correct errors.
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+      error_type = TypeError
+    else:
+      error_type = AttributeError
+    self.assertRaises(error_type, self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName, 0)
+    self.assertRaises(error_type, self.pool.FindFieldByName, 0)
+    self.assertRaises(error_type, self.pool.FindExtensionByName, 0)
+    self.assertRaises(error_type, self.pool.FindEnumTypeByName, 0)
+    self.assertRaises(error_type, self.pool.FindOneofByName, 0)
+    self.assertRaises(error_type, self.pool.FindServiceByName, 0)
+    self.assertRaises(error_type, self.pool.FindMethodByName, 0)
+    self.assertRaises(error_type, self.pool.FindFileContainingSymbol, 0)
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      error_type = KeyError
+    self.assertRaises(error_type, self.pool.FindFileByName, 0)
+
+  def testFindMessageTypeByNameFailure(self):
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName('Does not exist')
+
+  def testFindEnumTypeByName(self):
+    enum1 = self.pool.FindEnumTypeByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Enum')
+    self.assertIsInstance(enum1, descriptor.EnumDescriptor)
+    self.assertEqual(0, enum1.values_by_name['FACTORY_1_VALUE_0'].number)
+    self.assertEqual(1, enum1.values_by_name['FACTORY_1_VALUE_1'].number)
+    self.assertFalse(enum1.has_options)
+
+    nested_enum1 = self.pool.FindEnumTypeByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message.NestedFactory1Enum')
+    self.assertIsInstance(nested_enum1, descriptor.EnumDescriptor)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        0, nested_enum1.values_by_name['NESTED_FACTORY_1_VALUE_0'].number)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        1, nested_enum1.values_by_name['NESTED_FACTORY_1_VALUE_1'].number)
+
+    enum2 = self.pool.FindEnumTypeByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Enum')
+    self.assertIsInstance(enum2, descriptor.EnumDescriptor)
+    self.assertEqual(0, enum2.values_by_name['FACTORY_2_VALUE_0'].number)
+    self.assertEqual(1, enum2.values_by_name['FACTORY_2_VALUE_1'].number)
+
+    nested_enum2 = self.pool.FindEnumTypeByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message.NestedFactory2Enum')
+    self.assertIsInstance(nested_enum2, descriptor.EnumDescriptor)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        0, nested_enum2.values_by_name['NESTED_FACTORY_2_VALUE_0'].number)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        1, nested_enum2.values_by_name['NESTED_FACTORY_2_VALUE_1'].number)
+
+  def testFindEnumTypeByNameFailure(self):
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      self.pool.FindEnumTypeByName('Does not exist')
+
+  def testFindFieldByName(self):
+    field = self.pool.FindFieldByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message.list_value')
+    self.assertEqual(field.name, 'list_value')
+    self.assertEqual(field.label, field.LABEL_REPEATED)
+    self.assertFalse(field.has_options)
+
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      self.pool.FindFieldByName('Does not exist')
+
+  def testFindOneofByName(self):
+    oneof = self.pool.FindOneofByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message.oneof_field')
+    self.assertEqual(oneof.name, 'oneof_field')
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      self.pool.FindOneofByName('Does not exist')
+
+  def testFindExtensionByName(self):
+    # An extension defined in a message.
+    extension = self.pool.FindExtensionByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message.one_more_field')
+    self.assertEqual(extension.name, 'one_more_field')
+    # An extension defined at file scope.
+    extension = self.pool.FindExtensionByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.another_field')
+    self.assertEqual(extension.name, 'another_field')
+    self.assertEqual(extension.number, 1002)
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      self.pool.FindFieldByName('Does not exist')
+
+  def testFindAllExtensions(self):
+    factory1_message = self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message')
+    factory2_message = self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message')
+    # An extension defined in a message.
+    one_more_field = factory2_message.extensions_by_name['one_more_field']
+    self.pool.AddExtensionDescriptor(one_more_field)
+    # An extension defined at file scope.
+    factory_test2 = self.pool.FindFileByName(
+        'google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto')
+    another_field = factory_test2.extensions_by_name['another_field']
+    self.pool.AddExtensionDescriptor(another_field)
+
+    extensions = self.pool.FindAllExtensions(factory1_message)
+    expected_extension_numbers = set([one_more_field, another_field])
+    self.assertEqual(expected_extension_numbers, set(extensions))
+    # Verify that mutating the returned list does not affect the pool.
+    extensions.append('unexpected_element')
+    # Get the extensions again, the returned value does not contain the
+    # 'unexpected_element'.
+    extensions = self.pool.FindAllExtensions(factory1_message)
+    self.assertEqual(expected_extension_numbers, set(extensions))
+
+  def testFindExtensionByNumber(self):
+    factory1_message = self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message')
+    factory2_message = self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message')
+    # An extension defined in a message.
+    one_more_field = factory2_message.extensions_by_name['one_more_field']
+    self.pool.AddExtensionDescriptor(one_more_field)
+    # An extension defined at file scope.
+    factory_test2 = self.pool.FindFileByName(
+        'google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto')
+    another_field = factory_test2.extensions_by_name['another_field']
+    self.pool.AddExtensionDescriptor(another_field)
+
+    # An extension defined in a message.
+    extension = self.pool.FindExtensionByNumber(factory1_message, 1001)
+    self.assertEqual(extension.name, 'one_more_field')
+    # An extension defined at file scope.
+    extension = self.pool.FindExtensionByNumber(factory1_message, 1002)
+    self.assertEqual(extension.name, 'another_field')
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      extension = self.pool.FindExtensionByNumber(factory1_message, 1234567)
+
+  def testExtensionsAreNotFields(self):
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      self.pool.FindFieldByName('google.protobuf.python.internal.another_field')
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      self.pool.FindFieldByName(
+          'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message.one_more_field')
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      self.pool.FindExtensionByName(
+          'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message.list_value')
+
+  def testFindService(self):
+    service = self.pool.FindServiceByName('protobuf_unittest.TestService')
+    self.assertEqual(service.full_name, 'protobuf_unittest.TestService')
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      self.pool.FindServiceByName('Does not exist')
+
+    method = self.pool.FindMethodByName('protobuf_unittest.TestService.Foo')
+    self.assertIs(method.containing_service, service)
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      self.pool.FindMethodByName('protobuf_unittest.TestService.Doesnotexist')
+
+  def testUserDefinedDB(self):
+    db = descriptor_database.DescriptorDatabase()
+    self.pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool(db)
+    db.Add(self.factory_test1_fd)
+    db.Add(self.factory_test2_fd)
+    self.testFindMessageTypeByName()
+
+  def testAddSerializedFile(self):
+    if isinstance(self, SecondaryDescriptorFromDescriptorDB):
+      if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+        # Cpp extension cannot call Add on a DescriptorPool
+        # that uses a DescriptorDatabase.
+        # TODO(jieluo): Fix python and cpp extension diff.
+        return
+    self.pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    self.pool.AddSerializedFile(self.factory_test1_fd.SerializeToString())
+    self.pool.AddSerializedFile(self.factory_test2_fd.SerializeToString())
+    self.testFindMessageTypeByName()
+
+
+  def testEnumDefaultValue(self):
+    """Test the default value of enums which don't start at zero."""
+    def _CheckDefaultValue(file_descriptor):
+      default_value = (file_descriptor
+                       .message_types_by_name['DescriptorPoolTest1']
+                       .fields_by_name['nested_enum']
+                       .default_value)
+      self.assertEqual(default_value,
+                       descriptor_pool_test1_pb2.DescriptorPoolTest1.BETA)
+    # First check what the generated descriptor contains.
+    _CheckDefaultValue(descriptor_pool_test1_pb2.DESCRIPTOR)
+    # Then check the generated pool. Normally this is the same descriptor.
+    file_descriptor = symbol_database.Default().pool.FindFileByName(
+        'google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test1.proto')
+    self.assertIs(file_descriptor, descriptor_pool_test1_pb2.DESCRIPTOR)
+    _CheckDefaultValue(file_descriptor)
+
+    if isinstance(self, SecondaryDescriptorFromDescriptorDB):
+      if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+        # Cpp extension cannot call Add on a DescriptorPool
+        # that uses a DescriptorDatabase.
+        # TODO(jieluo): Fix python and cpp extension diff.
+        return
+    # Then check the dynamic pool and its internal DescriptorDatabase.
+    descriptor_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        descriptor_pool_test1_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    self.pool.Add(descriptor_proto)
+    # And do the same check as above
+    file_descriptor = self.pool.FindFileByName(
+        'google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test1.proto')
+    _CheckDefaultValue(file_descriptor)
+
+  def testDefaultValueForCustomMessages(self):
+    """Check the value returned by non-existent fields."""
+    def _CheckValueAndType(value, expected_value, expected_type):
+      self.assertEqual(value, expected_value)
+      self.assertIsInstance(value, expected_type)
+
+    def _CheckDefaultValues(msg):
+      try:
+        int64 = long
+      except NameError:  # Python3
+        int64 = int
+      try:
+        unicode_type = unicode
+      except NameError:  # Python3
+        unicode_type = str
+      _CheckValueAndType(msg.optional_int32, 0, int)
+      _CheckValueAndType(msg.optional_uint64, 0, (int64, int))
+      _CheckValueAndType(msg.optional_float, 0, (float, int))
+      _CheckValueAndType(msg.optional_double, 0, (float, int))
+      _CheckValueAndType(msg.optional_bool, False, bool)
+      _CheckValueAndType(msg.optional_string, u'', unicode_type)
+      _CheckValueAndType(msg.optional_bytes, b'', bytes)
+      _CheckValueAndType(msg.optional_nested_enum, msg.FOO, int)
+    # First for the generated message
+    _CheckDefaultValues(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes())
+    # Then for a message built with from the DescriptorPool.
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    pool.Add(descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        unittest_import_public_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb))
+    pool.Add(descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        unittest_import_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb))
+    pool.Add(descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb))
+    message_class = message_factory.MessageFactory(pool).GetPrototype(
+        pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.full_name))
+    _CheckDefaultValues(message_class())
+
+  def testAddFileDescriptor(self):
+    if isinstance(self, SecondaryDescriptorFromDescriptorDB):
+      if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+        # Cpp extension cannot call Add on a DescriptorPool
+        # that uses a DescriptorDatabase.
+        # TODO(jieluo): Fix python and cpp extension diff.
+        return
+    file_desc = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto(name='some/file.proto')
+    self.pool.Add(file_desc)
+    self.pool.AddSerializedFile(file_desc.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testComplexNesting(self):
+    if isinstance(self, SecondaryDescriptorFromDescriptorDB):
+      if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+        # Cpp extension cannot call Add on a DescriptorPool
+        # that uses a DescriptorDatabase.
+        # TODO(jieluo): Fix python and cpp extension diff.
+        return
+    more_messages_desc = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        more_messages_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    test1_desc = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        descriptor_pool_test1_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    test2_desc = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        descriptor_pool_test2_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    self.pool.Add(more_messages_desc)
+    self.pool.Add(test1_desc)
+    self.pool.Add(test2_desc)
+    TEST1_FILE.CheckFile(self, self.pool)
+    TEST2_FILE.CheckFile(self, self.pool)
+
+  def testConflictRegister(self):
+    if isinstance(self, SecondaryDescriptorFromDescriptorDB):
+      if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+        # Cpp extension cannot call Add on a DescriptorPool
+        # that uses a DescriptorDatabase.
+        # TODO(jieluo): Fix python and cpp extension diff.
+        return
+    unittest_fd = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    conflict_fd = copy.deepcopy(unittest_fd)
+    conflict_fd.name = 'other_file'
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+        pass
+    else:
+      pool = copy.deepcopy(self.pool)
+      file_descriptor = unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR
+      pool.AddDescriptor(
+          file_descriptor.message_types_by_name['TestAllTypes'])
+      pool.AddEnumDescriptor(
+          file_descriptor.enum_types_by_name['ForeignEnum'])
+      pool.AddServiceDescriptor(
+          file_descriptor.services_by_name['TestService'])
+      pool.AddExtensionDescriptor(
+          file_descriptor.extensions_by_name['optional_int32_extension'])
+      pool.Add(unittest_fd)
+      pool.Add(conflict_fd)
+      pool.FindFileByName(unittest_fd.name)
+      with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+        pool.FindFileByName(conflict_fd.name)
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class DefaultDescriptorPoolTest(DescriptorPoolTestBase, unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.pool = descriptor_pool.Default()
+    self.factory_test1_fd = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        factory_test1_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    self.factory_test2_fd = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        factory_test2_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+
+  def testFindMethods(self):
+    self.assertIs(
+        self.pool.FindFileByName('google/protobuf/unittest.proto'),
+        unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertIs(
+        self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName('protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes'),
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertIs(
+        self.pool.FindFieldByName(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.optional_int32'),
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_int32'])
+    self.assertIs(
+        self.pool.FindEnumTypeByName('protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum'),
+        unittest_pb2.ForeignEnum.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertIs(
+        self.pool.FindExtensionByName(
+            'protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension'),
+        unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.extensions_by_name['optional_int32_extension'])
+    self.assertIs(
+        self.pool.FindOneofByName('protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.oneof_field'),
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.oneofs_by_name['oneof_field'])
+    self.assertIs(
+        self.pool.FindServiceByName('protobuf_unittest.TestService'),
+        unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.services_by_name['TestService'])
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class CreateDescriptorPoolTest(DescriptorPoolTestBase, unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    self.factory_test1_fd = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        factory_test1_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    self.factory_test2_fd = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        factory_test2_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    self.pool.Add(self.factory_test1_fd)
+    self.pool.Add(self.factory_test2_fd)
+
+    self.pool.Add(descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        unittest_import_public_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb))
+    self.pool.Add(descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        unittest_import_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb))
+    self.pool.Add(descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb))
+    self.pool.Add(descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        no_package_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb))
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class SecondaryDescriptorFromDescriptorDB(DescriptorPoolTestBase,
+                                          unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.factory_test1_fd = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        factory_test1_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    self.factory_test2_fd = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        factory_test2_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    self.db = descriptor_database.DescriptorDatabase()
+    self.db.Add(self.factory_test1_fd)
+    self.db.Add(self.factory_test2_fd)
+    self.db.Add(descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        unittest_import_public_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb))
+    self.db.Add(descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        unittest_import_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb))
+    self.db.Add(descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb))
+    self.db.Add(descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        no_package_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb))
+    self.pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool(descriptor_db=self.db)
+
+  def testErrorCollector(self):
+    file_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    file_proto.package = 'collector'
+    file_proto.name = 'error_file'
+    message_type = file_proto.message_type.add()
+    message_type.name = 'ErrorMessage'
+    field = message_type.field.add()
+    field.number = 1
+    field.name = 'nested_message_field'
+    field.label = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_OPTIONAL
+    field.type = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE
+    field.type_name = 'SubMessage'
+    oneof = message_type.oneof_decl.add()
+    oneof.name = 'MyOneof'
+    enum_type = file_proto.enum_type.add()
+    enum_type.name = 'MyEnum'
+    enum_value = enum_type.value.add()
+    enum_value.name = 'MyEnumValue'
+    enum_value.number = 0
+    self.db.Add(file_proto)
+
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(KeyError, 'SubMessage',
+                            self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName,
+                            'collector.ErrorMessage')
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(KeyError, 'SubMessage',
+                            self.pool.FindFileByName, 'error_file')
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as exc:
+      self.pool.FindFileByName('none_file')
+    self.assertIn(str(exc.exception), ('\'none_file\'',
+                                       '\"Couldn\'t find file none_file\"'))
+
+    # Pure python _ConvertFileProtoToFileDescriptor() method has side effect
+    # that all the symbols found in the file will load into the pool even the
+    # file can not build. So when FindMessageTypeByName('ErrorMessage') was
+    # called the first time, a KeyError will be raised but call the find
+    # method later will return a descriptor which is not build.
+    # TODO(jieluo): fix pure python to revert the load if file can not be build
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+      error_msg = ('Invalid proto descriptor for file "error_file":\\n  '
+                   'collector.ErrorMessage.nested_message_field: "SubMessage" '
+                   'is not defined.\\n  collector.ErrorMessage.MyOneof: Oneof '
+                   'must have at least one field.\\n\'')
+      with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as exc:
+        self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName('collector.ErrorMessage')
+      self.assertEqual(str(exc.exception), '\'Couldn\\\'t build file for '
+                       'message collector.ErrorMessage\\n' + error_msg)
+
+      with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as exc:
+        self.pool.FindFieldByName('collector.ErrorMessage.nested_message_field')
+      self.assertEqual(str(exc.exception), '\'Couldn\\\'t build file for field'
+                       ' collector.ErrorMessage.nested_message_field\\n'
+                       + error_msg)
+
+      with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as exc:
+        self.pool.FindEnumTypeByName('collector.MyEnum')
+      self.assertEqual(str(exc.exception), '\'Couldn\\\'t build file for enum'
+                       ' collector.MyEnum\\n' + error_msg)
+
+      with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as exc:
+        self.pool.FindFileContainingSymbol('collector.MyEnumValue')
+      self.assertEqual(str(exc.exception), '\'Couldn\\\'t build file for symbol'
+                       ' collector.MyEnumValue\\n' + error_msg)
+
+      with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as exc:
+        self.pool.FindOneofByName('collector.ErrorMessage.MyOneof')
+      self.assertEqual(str(exc.exception), '\'Couldn\\\'t build file for oneof'
+                       ' collector.ErrorMessage.MyOneof\\n' + error_msg)
+
+
+class ProtoFile(object):
+
+  def __init__(self, name, package, messages, dependencies=None,
+               public_dependencies=None):
+    self.name = name
+    self.package = package
+    self.messages = messages
+    self.dependencies = dependencies or []
+    self.public_dependencies = public_dependencies or []
+
+  def CheckFile(self, test, pool):
+    file_desc = pool.FindFileByName(self.name)
+    test.assertEqual(self.name, file_desc.name)
+    test.assertEqual(self.package, file_desc.package)
+    dependencies_names = [f.name for f in file_desc.dependencies]
+    test.assertEqual(self.dependencies, dependencies_names)
+    public_dependencies_names = [f.name for f in file_desc.public_dependencies]
+    test.assertEqual(self.public_dependencies, public_dependencies_names)
+    for name, msg_type in self.messages.items():
+      msg_type.CheckType(test, None, name, file_desc)
+
+
+class EnumType(object):
+
+  def __init__(self, values):
+    self.values = values
+
+  def CheckType(self, test, msg_desc, name, file_desc):
+    enum_desc = msg_desc.enum_types_by_name[name]
+    test.assertEqual(name, enum_desc.name)
+    expected_enum_full_name = '.'.join([msg_desc.full_name, name])
+    test.assertEqual(expected_enum_full_name, enum_desc.full_name)
+    test.assertEqual(msg_desc, enum_desc.containing_type)
+    test.assertEqual(file_desc, enum_desc.file)
+    for index, (value, number) in enumerate(self.values):
+      value_desc = enum_desc.values_by_name[value]
+      test.assertEqual(value, value_desc.name)
+      test.assertEqual(index, value_desc.index)
+      test.assertEqual(number, value_desc.number)
+      test.assertEqual(enum_desc, value_desc.type)
+      test.assertIn(value, msg_desc.enum_values_by_name)
+
+
+class MessageType(object):
+
+  def __init__(self, type_dict, field_list, is_extendable=False,
+               extensions=None):
+    self.type_dict = type_dict
+    self.field_list = field_list
+    self.is_extendable = is_extendable
+    self.extensions = extensions or []
+
+  def CheckType(self, test, containing_type_desc, name, file_desc):
+    if containing_type_desc is None:
+      desc = file_desc.message_types_by_name[name]
+      expected_full_name = '.'.join([file_desc.package, name])
+    else:
+      desc = containing_type_desc.nested_types_by_name[name]
+      expected_full_name = '.'.join([containing_type_desc.full_name, name])
+
+    test.assertEqual(name, desc.name)
+    test.assertEqual(expected_full_name, desc.full_name)
+    test.assertEqual(containing_type_desc, desc.containing_type)
+    test.assertEqual(desc.file, file_desc)
+    test.assertEqual(self.is_extendable, desc.is_extendable)
+    for name, subtype in self.type_dict.items():
+      subtype.CheckType(test, desc, name, file_desc)
+
+    for index, (name, field) in enumerate(self.field_list):
+      field.CheckField(test, desc, name, index, file_desc)
+
+    for index, (name, field) in enumerate(self.extensions):
+      field.CheckField(test, desc, name, index, file_desc)
+
+
+class EnumField(object):
+
+  def __init__(self, number, type_name, default_value):
+    self.number = number
+    self.type_name = type_name
+    self.default_value = default_value
+
+  def CheckField(self, test, msg_desc, name, index, file_desc):
+    field_desc = msg_desc.fields_by_name[name]
+    enum_desc = msg_desc.enum_types_by_name[self.type_name]
+    test.assertEqual(name, field_desc.name)
+    expected_field_full_name = '.'.join([msg_desc.full_name, name])
+    test.assertEqual(expected_field_full_name, field_desc.full_name)
+    test.assertEqual(index, field_desc.index)
+    test.assertEqual(self.number, field_desc.number)
+    test.assertEqual(descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM, field_desc.type)
+    test.assertEqual(descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_ENUM,
+                     field_desc.cpp_type)
+    test.assertTrue(field_desc.has_default_value)
+    test.assertEqual(enum_desc.values_by_name[self.default_value].number,
+                     field_desc.default_value)
+    test.assertFalse(enum_desc.values_by_name[self.default_value].has_options)
+    test.assertEqual(msg_desc, field_desc.containing_type)
+    test.assertEqual(enum_desc, field_desc.enum_type)
+    test.assertEqual(file_desc, enum_desc.file)
+
+
+class MessageField(object):
+
+  def __init__(self, number, type_name):
+    self.number = number
+    self.type_name = type_name
+
+  def CheckField(self, test, msg_desc, name, index, file_desc):
+    field_desc = msg_desc.fields_by_name[name]
+    field_type_desc = msg_desc.nested_types_by_name[self.type_name]
+    test.assertEqual(name, field_desc.name)
+    expected_field_full_name = '.'.join([msg_desc.full_name, name])
+    test.assertEqual(expected_field_full_name, field_desc.full_name)
+    test.assertEqual(index, field_desc.index)
+    test.assertEqual(self.number, field_desc.number)
+    test.assertEqual(descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE, field_desc.type)
+    test.assertEqual(descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE,
+                     field_desc.cpp_type)
+    test.assertFalse(field_desc.has_default_value)
+    test.assertEqual(msg_desc, field_desc.containing_type)
+    test.assertEqual(field_type_desc, field_desc.message_type)
+    test.assertEqual(file_desc, field_desc.file)
+    test.assertEqual(field_desc.default_value, None)
+
+
+class StringField(object):
+
+  def __init__(self, number, default_value):
+    self.number = number
+    self.default_value = default_value
+
+  def CheckField(self, test, msg_desc, name, index, file_desc):
+    field_desc = msg_desc.fields_by_name[name]
+    test.assertEqual(name, field_desc.name)
+    expected_field_full_name = '.'.join([msg_desc.full_name, name])
+    test.assertEqual(expected_field_full_name, field_desc.full_name)
+    test.assertEqual(index, field_desc.index)
+    test.assertEqual(self.number, field_desc.number)
+    test.assertEqual(descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_STRING, field_desc.type)
+    test.assertEqual(descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_STRING,
+                     field_desc.cpp_type)
+    test.assertTrue(field_desc.has_default_value)
+    test.assertEqual(self.default_value, field_desc.default_value)
+    test.assertEqual(file_desc, field_desc.file)
+
+
+class ExtensionField(object):
+
+  def __init__(self, number, extended_type):
+    self.number = number
+    self.extended_type = extended_type
+
+  def CheckField(self, test, msg_desc, name, index, file_desc):
+    field_desc = msg_desc.extensions_by_name[name]
+    test.assertEqual(name, field_desc.name)
+    expected_field_full_name = '.'.join([msg_desc.full_name, name])
+    test.assertEqual(expected_field_full_name, field_desc.full_name)
+    test.assertEqual(self.number, field_desc.number)
+    test.assertEqual(index, field_desc.index)
+    test.assertEqual(descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE, field_desc.type)
+    test.assertEqual(descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE,
+                     field_desc.cpp_type)
+    test.assertFalse(field_desc.has_default_value)
+    test.assertTrue(field_desc.is_extension)
+    test.assertEqual(msg_desc, field_desc.extension_scope)
+    test.assertEqual(msg_desc, field_desc.message_type)
+    test.assertEqual(self.extended_type, field_desc.containing_type.name)
+    test.assertEqual(file_desc, field_desc.file)
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class AddDescriptorTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def _TestMessage(self, prefix):
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    pool.AddDescriptor(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes',
+        pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+            prefix + 'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes').full_name)
+
+    # AddDescriptor is not recursive.
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+          prefix + 'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage')
+
+    pool.AddDescriptor(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage',
+        pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+            prefix + 'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage').full_name)
+
+    # Files are implicitly also indexed when messages are added.
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'google/protobuf/unittest.proto',
+        pool.FindFileByName(
+            'google/protobuf/unittest.proto').name)
+
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'google/protobuf/unittest.proto',
+        pool.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+            prefix + 'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage').name)
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp',
+                   'With the cpp implementation, Add() must be called first')
+  def testMessage(self):
+    self._TestMessage('')
+    self._TestMessage('.')
+
+  def _TestEnum(self, prefix):
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    pool.AddEnumDescriptor(unittest_pb2.ForeignEnum.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum',
+        pool.FindEnumTypeByName(
+            prefix + 'protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum').full_name)
+
+    # AddEnumDescriptor is not recursive.
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      pool.FindEnumTypeByName(
+          prefix + 'protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum.NestedEnum')
+
+    pool.AddEnumDescriptor(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum',
+        pool.FindEnumTypeByName(
+            prefix + 'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum').full_name)
+
+    # Files are implicitly also indexed when enums are added.
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'google/protobuf/unittest.proto',
+        pool.FindFileByName(
+            'google/protobuf/unittest.proto').name)
+
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'google/protobuf/unittest.proto',
+        pool.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+            prefix + 'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum').name)
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp',
+                   'With the cpp implementation, Add() must be called first')
+  def testEnum(self):
+    self._TestEnum('')
+    self._TestEnum('.')
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp',
+                   'With the cpp implementation, Add() must be called first')
+  def testService(self):
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      pool.FindServiceByName('protobuf_unittest.TestService')
+    pool.AddServiceDescriptor(unittest_pb2._TESTSERVICE)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'protobuf_unittest.TestService',
+        pool.FindServiceByName('protobuf_unittest.TestService').full_name)
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp',
+                   'With the cpp implementation, Add() must be called first')
+  def testFile(self):
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    pool.AddFileDescriptor(unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'google/protobuf/unittest.proto',
+        pool.FindFileByName(
+            'google/protobuf/unittest.proto').name)
+
+    # AddFileDescriptor is not recursive; messages and enums within files must
+    # be explicitly registered.
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      pool.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+          'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes')
+
+  def testEmptyDescriptorPool(self):
+    # Check that an empty DescriptorPool() contains no messages.
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    proto_file_name = descriptor_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.name
+    self.assertRaises(KeyError, pool.FindFileByName, proto_file_name)
+    # Add the above file to the pool
+    file_descriptor = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    descriptor_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.CopyToProto(file_descriptor)
+    pool.Add(file_descriptor)
+    # Now it exists.
+    self.assertTrue(pool.FindFileByName(proto_file_name))
+
+  def testCustomDescriptorPool(self):
+    # Create a new pool, and add a file descriptor.
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    file_desc = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto(
+        name='some/file.proto', package='package')
+    file_desc.message_type.add(name='Message')
+    pool.Add(file_desc)
+    self.assertEqual(pool.FindFileByName('some/file.proto').name,
+                     'some/file.proto')
+    self.assertEqual(pool.FindMessageTypeByName('package.Message').name,
+                     'Message')
+    # Test no package
+    file_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto(
+        name='some/filename/container.proto')
+    message_proto = file_proto.message_type.add(
+        name='TopMessage')
+    message_proto.field.add(
+        name='bb',
+        number=1,
+        type=descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_INT32,
+        label=descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+    enum_proto = file_proto.enum_type.add(name='TopEnum')
+    enum_proto.value.add(name='FOREIGN_FOO', number=4)
+    file_proto.service.add(name='TopService')
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    pool.Add(file_proto)
+    self.assertEqual('TopMessage',
+                     pool.FindMessageTypeByName('TopMessage').name)
+    self.assertEqual('TopEnum', pool.FindEnumTypeByName('TopEnum').name)
+    self.assertEqual('TopService', pool.FindServiceByName('TopService').name)
+
+  def testFileDescriptorOptionsWithCustomDescriptorPool(self):
+    # Create a descriptor pool, and add a new FileDescriptorProto to it.
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    file_name = 'file_descriptor_options_with_custom_descriptor_pool.proto'
+    file_descriptor_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto(name=file_name)
+    extension_id = file_options_test_pb2.foo_options
+    file_descriptor_proto.options.Extensions[extension_id].foo_name = 'foo'
+    pool.Add(file_descriptor_proto)
+    # The options set on the FileDescriptorProto should be available in the
+    # descriptor even if they contain extensions that cannot be deserialized
+    # using the pool.
+    file_descriptor = pool.FindFileByName(file_name)
+    options = file_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertEqual('foo', options.Extensions[extension_id].foo_name)
+    # The object returned by GetOptions() is cached.
+    self.assertIs(options, file_descriptor.GetOptions())
+
+  def testAddTypeError(self):
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      pool.AddDescriptor(0)
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      pool.AddEnumDescriptor(0)
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      pool.AddServiceDescriptor(0)
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      pool.AddExtensionDescriptor(0)
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      pool.AddFileDescriptor(0)
+
+
+TEST1_FILE = ProtoFile(
+    'google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test1.proto',
+    'google.protobuf.python.internal',
+    {
+        'DescriptorPoolTest1': MessageType({
+            'NestedEnum': EnumType([('ALPHA', 1), ('BETA', 2)]),
+            'NestedMessage': MessageType({
+                'NestedEnum': EnumType([('EPSILON', 5), ('ZETA', 6)]),
+                'DeepNestedMessage': MessageType({
+                    'NestedEnum': EnumType([('ETA', 7), ('THETA', 8)]),
+                }, [
+                    ('nested_enum', EnumField(1, 'NestedEnum', 'ETA')),
+                    ('nested_field', StringField(2, 'theta')),
+                ]),
+            }, [
+                ('nested_enum', EnumField(1, 'NestedEnum', 'ZETA')),
+                ('nested_field', StringField(2, 'beta')),
+                ('deep_nested_message', MessageField(3, 'DeepNestedMessage')),
+            ])
+        }, [
+            ('nested_enum', EnumField(1, 'NestedEnum', 'BETA')),
+            ('nested_message', MessageField(2, 'NestedMessage')),
+        ], is_extendable=True),
+
+        'DescriptorPoolTest2': MessageType({
+            'NestedEnum': EnumType([('GAMMA', 3), ('DELTA', 4)]),
+            'NestedMessage': MessageType({
+                'NestedEnum': EnumType([('IOTA', 9), ('KAPPA', 10)]),
+                'DeepNestedMessage': MessageType({
+                    'NestedEnum': EnumType([('LAMBDA', 11), ('MU', 12)]),
+                }, [
+                    ('nested_enum', EnumField(1, 'NestedEnum', 'MU')),
+                    ('nested_field', StringField(2, 'lambda')),
+                ]),
+            }, [
+                ('nested_enum', EnumField(1, 'NestedEnum', 'IOTA')),
+                ('nested_field', StringField(2, 'delta')),
+                ('deep_nested_message', MessageField(3, 'DeepNestedMessage')),
+            ])
+        }, [
+            ('nested_enum', EnumField(1, 'NestedEnum', 'GAMMA')),
+            ('nested_message', MessageField(2, 'NestedMessage')),
+        ]),
+    })
+
+
+TEST2_FILE = ProtoFile(
+    'google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test2.proto',
+    'google.protobuf.python.internal',
+    {
+        'DescriptorPoolTest3': MessageType({
+            'NestedEnum': EnumType([('NU', 13), ('XI', 14)]),
+            'NestedMessage': MessageType({
+                'NestedEnum': EnumType([('OMICRON', 15), ('PI', 16)]),
+                'DeepNestedMessage': MessageType({
+                    'NestedEnum': EnumType([('RHO', 17), ('SIGMA', 18)]),
+                }, [
+                    ('nested_enum', EnumField(1, 'NestedEnum', 'RHO')),
+                    ('nested_field', StringField(2, 'sigma')),
+                ]),
+            }, [
+                ('nested_enum', EnumField(1, 'NestedEnum', 'PI')),
+                ('nested_field', StringField(2, 'nu')),
+                ('deep_nested_message', MessageField(3, 'DeepNestedMessage')),
+            ])
+        }, [
+            ('nested_enum', EnumField(1, 'NestedEnum', 'XI')),
+            ('nested_message', MessageField(2, 'NestedMessage')),
+        ], extensions=[
+            ('descriptor_pool_test',
+             ExtensionField(1001, 'DescriptorPoolTest1')),
+        ]),
+    },
+    dependencies=['google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test1.proto',
+                  'google/protobuf/internal/more_messages.proto'],
+    public_dependencies=['google/protobuf/internal/more_messages.proto'])
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test1.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test1.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00816b78e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test1.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package google.protobuf.python.internal;
+
+
+message DescriptorPoolTest1 {
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    ALPHA = 1;
+    BETA = 2;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedEnum nested_enum = 1 [default = BETA];
+
+  message NestedMessage {
+    enum NestedEnum {
+      EPSILON = 5;
+      ZETA = 6;
+    }
+    optional NestedEnum nested_enum = 1 [default = ZETA];
+    optional string nested_field = 2 [default = "beta"];
+    optional DeepNestedMessage deep_nested_message = 3;
+
+    message DeepNestedMessage {
+      enum NestedEnum {
+        ETA = 7;
+        THETA = 8;
+      }
+      optional NestedEnum nested_enum = 1 [default = ETA];
+      optional string nested_field = 2 [default = "theta"];
+    }
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage nested_message = 2;
+}
+
+message DescriptorPoolTest2 {
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    GAMMA = 3;
+    DELTA = 4;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedEnum nested_enum = 1 [default = GAMMA];
+
+  message NestedMessage {
+    enum NestedEnum {
+      IOTA = 9;
+      KAPPA = 10;
+    }
+    optional NestedEnum nested_enum = 1 [default = IOTA];
+    optional string nested_field = 2 [default = "delta"];
+    optional DeepNestedMessage deep_nested_message = 3;
+
+    message DeepNestedMessage {
+      enum NestedEnum {
+        LAMBDA = 11;
+        MU = 12;
+      }
+      optional NestedEnum nested_enum = 1 [default = MU];
+      optional string nested_field = 2 [default = "lambda"];
+    }
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage nested_message = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a218eccb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package google.protobuf.python.internal;
+
+import "google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test1.proto";
+import public "google/protobuf/internal/more_messages.proto";
+
+
+message DescriptorPoolTest3 {
+
+  extend DescriptorPoolTest1 {
+    optional DescriptorPoolTest3 descriptor_pool_test = 1001;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    NU = 13;
+    XI = 14;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedEnum nested_enum = 1 [default = XI];
+
+  message NestedMessage {
+    enum NestedEnum {
+      OMICRON = 15;
+      PI = 16;
+    }
+    optional NestedEnum nested_enum = 1 [default = PI];
+    optional string nested_field = 2 [default = "nu"];
+    optional DeepNestedMessage deep_nested_message = 3;
+
+    message DeepNestedMessage {
+      enum NestedEnum {
+        RHO = 17;
+        SIGMA = 18;
+      }
+      optional NestedEnum nested_enum = 1 [default = RHO];
+      optional string nested_field = 2 [default = "sigma"];
+    }
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage nested_message = 2;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bff2d5f54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1063 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Unittest for google.protobuf.internal.descriptor."""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+import sys
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+from google.protobuf import unittest_custom_options_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_import_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+from google.protobuf.internal import test_util
+from google.protobuf import descriptor
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool
+from google.protobuf import symbol_database
+from google.protobuf import text_format
+
+
+TEST_EMPTY_MESSAGE_DESCRIPTOR_ASCII = """
+name: 'TestEmptyMessage'
+"""
+
+
+class DescriptorTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    file_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto(
+        name='some/filename/some.proto',
+        package='protobuf_unittest')
+    message_proto = file_proto.message_type.add(
+        name='NestedMessage')
+    message_proto.field.add(
+        name='bb',
+        number=1,
+        type=descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_INT32,
+        label=descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+    enum_proto = message_proto.enum_type.add(
+        name='ForeignEnum')
+    enum_proto.value.add(name='FOREIGN_FOO', number=4)
+    enum_proto.value.add(name='FOREIGN_BAR', number=5)
+    enum_proto.value.add(name='FOREIGN_BAZ', number=6)
+
+    file_proto.message_type.add(name='ResponseMessage')
+    service_proto = file_proto.service.add(
+        name='Service')
+    method_proto = service_proto.method.add(
+        name='CallMethod',
+        input_type='.protobuf_unittest.NestedMessage',
+        output_type='.protobuf_unittest.ResponseMessage')
+
+    # Note: Calling DescriptorPool.Add() multiple times with the same file only
+    # works if the input is canonical; in particular, all type names must be
+    # fully qualified.
+    self.pool = self.GetDescriptorPool()
+    self.pool.Add(file_proto)
+    self.my_file = self.pool.FindFileByName(file_proto.name)
+    self.my_message = self.my_file.message_types_by_name[message_proto.name]
+    self.my_enum = self.my_message.enum_types_by_name[enum_proto.name]
+    self.my_service = self.my_file.services_by_name[service_proto.name]
+    self.my_method = self.my_service.methods_by_name[method_proto.name]
+
+  def GetDescriptorPool(self):
+    return symbol_database.Default().pool
+
+  def testEnumValueName(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_message.EnumValueName('ForeignEnum', 4),
+                     'FOREIGN_FOO')
+
+    self.assertEqual(
+        self.my_message.enum_types_by_name[
+            'ForeignEnum'].values_by_number[4].name,
+        self.my_message.EnumValueName('ForeignEnum', 4))
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      self.my_message.EnumValueName('ForeignEnum', 999)
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      self.my_message.EnumValueName('NoneEnum', 999)
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      self.my_message.EnumValueName()
+
+  def testEnumFixups(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_enum, self.my_enum.values[0].type)
+
+  def testContainingTypeFixups(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_message, self.my_message.fields[0].containing_type)
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_message, self.my_enum.containing_type)
+
+  def testContainingServiceFixups(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_service, self.my_method.containing_service)
+
+  def testGetOptions(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_enum.GetOptions(),
+                     descriptor_pb2.EnumOptions())
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_enum.values[0].GetOptions(),
+                     descriptor_pb2.EnumValueOptions())
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_message.GetOptions(),
+                     descriptor_pb2.MessageOptions())
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_message.fields[0].GetOptions(),
+                     descriptor_pb2.FieldOptions())
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_method.GetOptions(),
+                     descriptor_pb2.MethodOptions())
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_service.GetOptions(),
+                     descriptor_pb2.ServiceOptions())
+
+  def testSimpleCustomOptions(self):
+    file_descriptor = unittest_custom_options_pb2.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_descriptor = (unittest_custom_options_pb2.
+                          TestMessageWithCustomOptions.DESCRIPTOR)
+    field_descriptor = message_descriptor.fields_by_name['field1']
+    oneof_descriptor = message_descriptor.oneofs_by_name['AnOneof']
+    enum_descriptor = message_descriptor.enum_types_by_name['AnEnum']
+    enum_value_descriptor = (message_descriptor.
+                             enum_values_by_name['ANENUM_VAL2'])
+    other_enum_value_descriptor = (message_descriptor.
+                                   enum_values_by_name['ANENUM_VAL1'])
+    service_descriptor = (unittest_custom_options_pb2.
+                          TestServiceWithCustomOptions.DESCRIPTOR)
+    method_descriptor = service_descriptor.FindMethodByName('Foo')
+
+    file_options = file_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    file_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.file_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(9876543210, file_options.Extensions[file_opt1])
+    message_options = message_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    message_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.message_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(-56, message_options.Extensions[message_opt1])
+    field_options = field_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    field_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.field_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(8765432109, field_options.Extensions[field_opt1])
+    field_opt2 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.field_opt2
+    self.assertEqual(42, field_options.Extensions[field_opt2])
+    oneof_options = oneof_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    oneof_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.oneof_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(-99, oneof_options.Extensions[oneof_opt1])
+    enum_options = enum_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    enum_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.enum_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(-789, enum_options.Extensions[enum_opt1])
+    enum_value_options = enum_value_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    enum_value_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.enum_value_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(123, enum_value_options.Extensions[enum_value_opt1])
+
+    service_options = service_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    service_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.service_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(-9876543210, service_options.Extensions[service_opt1])
+    method_options = method_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    method_opt1 = unittest_custom_options_pb2.method_opt1
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_custom_options_pb2.METHODOPT1_VAL2,
+                     method_options.Extensions[method_opt1])
+
+    message_descriptor = (
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.DummyMessageContainingEnum.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertTrue(file_descriptor.has_options)
+    self.assertFalse(message_descriptor.has_options)
+    self.assertTrue(field_descriptor.has_options)
+    self.assertTrue(oneof_descriptor.has_options)
+    self.assertTrue(enum_descriptor.has_options)
+    self.assertTrue(enum_value_descriptor.has_options)
+    self.assertFalse(other_enum_value_descriptor.has_options)
+
+  def testCustomOptionsCopyTo(self):
+    message_descriptor = (unittest_custom_options_pb2.
+                          TestMessageWithCustomOptions.DESCRIPTOR)
+    message_proto = descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto()
+    message_descriptor.CopyToProto(message_proto)
+    self.assertEqual(len(message_proto.options.ListFields()),
+                     2)
+
+  def testDifferentCustomOptionTypes(self):
+    kint32min = -2**31
+    kint64min = -2**63
+    kint32max = 2**31 - 1
+    kint64max = 2**63 - 1
+    kuint32max = 2**32 - 1
+    kuint64max = 2**64 - 1
+
+    message_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.CustomOptionMinIntegerValues.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_options = message_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertEqual(False, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.bool_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint32min, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.int32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint64min, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.int64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(0, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.uint32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(0, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.uint64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint32min, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sint32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint64min, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sint64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(0, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.fixed32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(0, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.fixed64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint32min, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sfixed32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint64min, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sfixed64_opt])
+
+    message_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_options = message_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertEqual(True, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.bool_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint32max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.int32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint64max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.int64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kuint32max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.uint32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kuint64max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.uint64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint32max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sint32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint64max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sint64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kuint32max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.fixed32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kuint64max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.fixed64_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint32max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sfixed32_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(kint64max, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.sfixed64_opt])
+
+    message_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.CustomOptionOtherValues.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_options = message_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertEqual(-100, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.int32_opt])
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(12.3456789, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.float_opt], 6)
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(1.234567890123456789, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.double_opt])
+    self.assertEqual("Hello, \"World\"", message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.string_opt])
+    self.assertEqual(b"Hello\0World", message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.bytes_opt])
+    dummy_enum = unittest_custom_options_pb2.DummyMessageContainingEnum
+    self.assertEqual(
+        dummy_enum.TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE2,
+        message_options.Extensions[unittest_custom_options_pb2.enum_opt])
+
+    message_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.SettingRealsFromPositiveInts.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_options = message_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(12, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.float_opt], 6)
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(154, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.double_opt])
+
+    message_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.SettingRealsFromNegativeInts.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_options = message_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(-12, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.float_opt], 6)
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(-154, message_options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.double_opt])
+
+  def testComplexExtensionOptions(self):
+    descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.VariousComplexOptions.DESCRIPTOR
+    options = descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertEqual(42, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt1].foo)
+    self.assertEqual(324, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt1].Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.quux])
+    self.assertEqual(876, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt1].Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.corge].qux)
+    self.assertEqual(987, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].baz)
+    self.assertEqual(654, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.grault])
+    self.assertEqual(743, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].bar.foo)
+    self.assertEqual(1999, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].bar.Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.quux])
+    self.assertEqual(2008, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].bar.Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.corge].qux)
+    self.assertEqual(741, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.garply].foo)
+    self.assertEqual(1998, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.garply].Extensions[
+                unittest_custom_options_pb2.quux])
+    self.assertEqual(2121, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.garply].Extensions[
+                unittest_custom_options_pb2.corge].qux)
+    self.assertEqual(1971, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.ComplexOptionType2
+        .ComplexOptionType4.complex_opt4].waldo)
+    self.assertEqual(321, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt2].fred.waldo)
+    self.assertEqual(9, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt3].qux)
+    self.assertEqual(22, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complex_opt3].complexoptiontype5.plugh)
+    self.assertEqual(24, options.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.complexopt6].xyzzy)
+
+  # Check that aggregate options were parsed and saved correctly in
+  # the appropriate descriptors.
+  def testAggregateOptions(self):
+    file_descriptor = unittest_custom_options_pb2.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.AggregateMessage.DESCRIPTOR
+    field_descriptor = message_descriptor.fields_by_name["fieldname"]
+    enum_descriptor = unittest_custom_options_pb2.AggregateEnum.DESCRIPTOR
+    enum_value_descriptor = enum_descriptor.values_by_name["VALUE"]
+    service_descriptor =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.AggregateService.DESCRIPTOR
+    method_descriptor = service_descriptor.FindMethodByName("Method")
+
+    # Tests for the different types of data embedded in fileopt
+    file_options = file_descriptor.GetOptions().Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.fileopt]
+    self.assertEqual(100, file_options.i)
+    self.assertEqual("FileAnnotation", file_options.s)
+    self.assertEqual("NestedFileAnnotation", file_options.sub.s)
+    self.assertEqual("FileExtensionAnnotation", file_options.file.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.fileopt].s)
+    self.assertEqual("EmbeddedMessageSetElement", file_options.mset.Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.AggregateMessageSetElement
+        .message_set_extension].s)
+
+    # Simple tests for all the other types of annotations
+    self.assertEqual(
+        "MessageAnnotation",
+        message_descriptor.GetOptions().Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.msgopt].s)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        "FieldAnnotation",
+        field_descriptor.GetOptions().Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.fieldopt].s)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        "EnumAnnotation",
+        enum_descriptor.GetOptions().Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.enumopt].s)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        "EnumValueAnnotation",
+        enum_value_descriptor.GetOptions().Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.enumvalopt].s)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        "ServiceAnnotation",
+        service_descriptor.GetOptions().Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.serviceopt].s)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        "MethodAnnotation",
+        method_descriptor.GetOptions().Extensions[
+            unittest_custom_options_pb2.methodopt].s)
+
+  def testNestedOptions(self):
+    nested_message =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.NestedOptionType.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR
+    self.assertEqual(1001, nested_message.GetOptions().Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.message_opt1])
+    nested_field = nested_message.fields_by_name["nested_field"]
+    self.assertEqual(1002, nested_field.GetOptions().Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.field_opt1])
+    outer_message =\
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.NestedOptionType.DESCRIPTOR
+    nested_enum = outer_message.enum_types_by_name["NestedEnum"]
+    self.assertEqual(1003, nested_enum.GetOptions().Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.enum_opt1])
+    nested_enum_value = outer_message.enum_values_by_name["NESTED_ENUM_VALUE"]
+    self.assertEqual(1004, nested_enum_value.GetOptions().Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.enum_value_opt1])
+    nested_extension = outer_message.extensions_by_name["nested_extension"]
+    self.assertEqual(1005, nested_extension.GetOptions().Extensions[
+        unittest_custom_options_pb2.field_opt2])
+
+  def testFileDescriptorReferences(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_enum.file, self.my_file)
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_message.file, self.my_file)
+
+  def testFileDescriptor(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_file.name, 'some/filename/some.proto')
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_file.package, 'protobuf_unittest')
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_file.pool, self.pool)
+    self.assertFalse(self.my_file.has_options)
+    self.assertEqual('proto2', self.my_file.syntax)
+    file_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    self.my_file.CopyToProto(file_proto)
+    self.assertEqual(self.my_file.serialized_pb,
+                     file_proto.SerializeToString())
+    # Generated modules also belong to the default pool.
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.pool, descriptor_pool.Default())
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(
+      api_implementation.Type() != 'cpp' or api_implementation.Version() != 2,
+      'Immutability of descriptors is only enforced in v2 implementation')
+  def testImmutableCppDescriptor(self):
+    file_descriptor = unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR
+    message_descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
+    field_descriptor = message_descriptor.fields_by_name['optional_int32']
+    enum_descriptor = message_descriptor.enum_types_by_name['NestedEnum']
+    oneof_descriptor = message_descriptor.oneofs_by_name['oneof_field']
+    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+      message_descriptor.fields_by_name = None
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      message_descriptor.fields_by_name['Another'] = None
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      message_descriptor.fields.append(None)
+    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+      field_descriptor.containing_type = message_descriptor
+    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+      file_descriptor.has_options = False
+    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+      field_descriptor.has_options = False
+    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+      oneof_descriptor.has_options = False
+    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+      enum_descriptor.has_options = False
+    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError) as e:
+      message_descriptor.has_options = True
+    self.assertEqual('attribute is not writable: has_options',
+                     str(e.exception))
+
+  def testDefault(self):
+    message_descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
+    field = message_descriptor.fields_by_name['repeated_int32']
+    self.assertEqual(field.default_value, [])
+    field = message_descriptor.fields_by_name['repeated_nested_message']
+    self.assertEqual(field.default_value, [])
+    field = message_descriptor.fields_by_name['optionalgroup']
+    self.assertEqual(field.default_value, None)
+    field = message_descriptor.fields_by_name['optional_nested_message']
+    self.assertEqual(field.default_value, None)
+
+
+class NewDescriptorTest(DescriptorTest):
+  """Redo the same tests as above, but with a separate DescriptorPool."""
+
+  def GetDescriptorPool(self):
+    return descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+
+
+class GeneratedDescriptorTest(unittest.TestCase):
+  """Tests for the properties of descriptors in generated code."""
+
+  def CheckMessageDescriptor(self, message_descriptor):
+    # Basic properties
+    self.assertEqual(message_descriptor.name, 'TestAllTypes')
+    self.assertEqual(message_descriptor.full_name,
+                     'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes')
+    # Test equality and hashability
+    self.assertEqual(message_descriptor, message_descriptor)
+    self.assertEqual(message_descriptor.fields[0].containing_type,
+                     message_descriptor)
+    self.assertIn(message_descriptor, [message_descriptor])
+    self.assertIn(message_descriptor, {message_descriptor: None})
+    # Test field containers
+    self.CheckDescriptorSequence(message_descriptor.fields)
+    self.CheckDescriptorMapping(message_descriptor.fields_by_name)
+    self.CheckDescriptorMapping(message_descriptor.fields_by_number)
+    self.CheckDescriptorMapping(message_descriptor.fields_by_camelcase_name)
+    self.CheckDescriptorMapping(message_descriptor.enum_types_by_name)
+    self.CheckDescriptorMapping(message_descriptor.enum_values_by_name)
+    self.CheckDescriptorMapping(message_descriptor.oneofs_by_name)
+    self.CheckDescriptorMapping(message_descriptor.enum_types[0].values_by_name)
+    # Test extension range
+    self.assertEqual(message_descriptor.extension_ranges, [])
+
+  def CheckFieldDescriptor(self, field_descriptor):
+    # Basic properties
+    self.assertEqual(field_descriptor.name, 'optional_int32')
+    self.assertEqual(field_descriptor.camelcase_name, 'optionalInt32')
+    self.assertEqual(field_descriptor.full_name,
+                     'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.optional_int32')
+    self.assertEqual(field_descriptor.containing_type.name, 'TestAllTypes')
+    self.assertEqual(field_descriptor.file, unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR)
+    # Test equality and hashability
+    self.assertEqual(field_descriptor, field_descriptor)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        field_descriptor.containing_type.fields_by_name['optional_int32'],
+        field_descriptor)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        field_descriptor.containing_type.fields_by_camelcase_name[
+            'optionalInt32'],
+        field_descriptor)
+    self.assertIn(field_descriptor, [field_descriptor])
+    self.assertIn(field_descriptor, {field_descriptor: None})
+    self.assertEqual(None, field_descriptor.extension_scope)
+    self.assertEqual(None, field_descriptor.enum_type)
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+      # For test coverage only
+      self.assertEqual(field_descriptor.id, field_descriptor.id)
+
+  def CheckDescriptorSequence(self, sequence):
+    # Verifies that a property like 'messageDescriptor.fields' has all the
+    # properties of an immutable abc.Sequence.
+    self.assertNotEqual(sequence,
+                        unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions.DESCRIPTOR.fields)
+    self.assertNotEqual(sequence, [])
+    self.assertNotEqual(sequence, 1)
+    self.assertFalse(sequence == 1)  # Only for cpp test coverage
+    self.assertEqual(sequence, sequence)
+    expected_list = list(sequence)
+    self.assertEqual(expected_list, sequence)
+    self.assertGreater(len(sequence), 0)  # Sized
+    self.assertEqual(len(sequence), len(expected_list))  # Iterable
+    self.assertEqual(sequence[len(sequence) -1], sequence[-1])
+    item = sequence[0]
+    self.assertEqual(item, sequence[0])
+    self.assertIn(item, sequence)  # Container
+    self.assertEqual(sequence.index(item), 0)
+    self.assertEqual(sequence.count(item), 1)
+    other_item = unittest_pb2.NestedTestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.fields[0]
+    self.assertNotIn(other_item, sequence)
+    self.assertEqual(sequence.count(other_item), 0)
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError, sequence.index, other_item)
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError, sequence.index, [])
+    reversed_iterator = reversed(sequence)
+    self.assertEqual(list(reversed_iterator), list(sequence)[::-1])
+    self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, reversed_iterator)
+    expected_list[0] = 'change value'
+    self.assertNotEqual(expected_list, sequence)
+    # TODO(jieluo): Change __repr__ support for DescriptorSequence.
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      self.assertEqual(str(list(sequence)), str(sequence))
+    else:
+      self.assertEqual(str(sequence)[0], '<')
+
+  def CheckDescriptorMapping(self, mapping):
+    # Verifies that a property like 'messageDescriptor.fields' has all the
+    # properties of an immutable abc.Mapping.
+    self.assertNotEqual(
+        mapping, unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name)
+    self.assertNotEqual(mapping, {})
+    self.assertNotEqual(mapping, 1)
+    self.assertFalse(mapping == 1)  # Only for cpp test coverage
+    excepted_dict = dict(mapping.items())
+    self.assertEqual(mapping, excepted_dict)
+    self.assertEqual(mapping, mapping)
+    self.assertGreater(len(mapping), 0)  # Sized
+    self.assertEqual(len(mapping), len(excepted_dict))  # Iterable
+    if sys.version_info >= (3,):
+      key, item = next(iter(mapping.items()))
+    else:
+      key, item = mapping.items()[0]
+    self.assertIn(key, mapping)  # Container
+    self.assertEqual(mapping.get(key), item)
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      mapping.get()
+    # TODO(jieluo): Fix python and cpp extension diff.
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      self.assertRaises(TypeError, mapping.get, [])
+    else:
+      self.assertEqual(None, mapping.get([]))
+    # keys(), iterkeys() &co
+    item = (next(iter(mapping.keys())), next(iter(mapping.values())))
+    self.assertEqual(item, next(iter(mapping.items())))
+    if sys.version_info < (3,):
+      def CheckItems(seq, iterator):
+        self.assertEqual(next(iterator), seq[0])
+        self.assertEqual(list(iterator), seq[1:])
+      CheckItems(mapping.keys(), mapping.iterkeys())
+      CheckItems(mapping.values(), mapping.itervalues())
+      CheckItems(mapping.items(), mapping.iteritems())
+    excepted_dict[key] = 'change value'
+    self.assertNotEqual(mapping, excepted_dict)
+    del excepted_dict[key]
+    excepted_dict['new_key'] = 'new'
+    self.assertNotEqual(mapping, excepted_dict)
+    self.assertRaises(KeyError, mapping.__getitem__, 'key_error')
+    self.assertRaises(KeyError, mapping.__getitem__, len(mapping) + 1)
+    # TODO(jieluo): Add __repr__ support for DescriptorMapping.
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      self.assertEqual(len(str(dict(mapping.items()))), len(str(mapping)))
+    else:
+      self.assertEqual(str(mapping)[0], '<')
+
+  def testDescriptor(self):
+    message_descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
+    self.CheckMessageDescriptor(message_descriptor)
+    field_descriptor = message_descriptor.fields_by_name['optional_int32']
+    self.CheckFieldDescriptor(field_descriptor)
+    field_descriptor = message_descriptor.fields_by_camelcase_name[
+        'optionalInt32']
+    self.CheckFieldDescriptor(field_descriptor)
+    enum_descriptor = unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.enum_types_by_name[
+        'ForeignEnum']
+    self.assertEqual(None, enum_descriptor.containing_type)
+    # Test extension range
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions.DESCRIPTOR.extension_ranges,
+        [(1, 536870912)])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestMultipleExtensionRanges.DESCRIPTOR.extension_ranges,
+        [(42, 43), (4143, 4244), (65536, 536870912)])
+
+  def testCppDescriptorContainer(self):
+    containing_file = unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR
+    self.CheckDescriptorSequence(containing_file.dependencies)
+    self.CheckDescriptorMapping(containing_file.message_types_by_name)
+    self.CheckDescriptorMapping(containing_file.enum_types_by_name)
+    self.CheckDescriptorMapping(containing_file.services_by_name)
+    self.CheckDescriptorMapping(containing_file.extensions_by_name)
+    self.CheckDescriptorMapping(
+        unittest_pb2.TestNestedExtension.DESCRIPTOR.extensions_by_name)
+
+  def testCppDescriptorContainer_Iterator(self):
+    # Same test with the iterator
+    enum = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.enum_types_by_name['NestedEnum']
+    values_iter = iter(enum.values)
+    del enum
+    self.assertEqual('FOO', next(values_iter).name)
+
+  def testDescriptorNestedTypesContainer(self):
+    message_descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
+    nested_message_descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR
+    self.assertEqual(len(message_descriptor.nested_types), 3)
+    self.assertFalse(None in message_descriptor.nested_types)
+    self.assertTrue(
+        nested_message_descriptor in message_descriptor.nested_types)
+
+  def testServiceDescriptor(self):
+    service_descriptor = unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.services_by_name['TestService']
+    self.assertEqual(service_descriptor.name, 'TestService')
+    self.assertEqual(service_descriptor.methods[0].name, 'Foo')
+    self.assertIs(service_descriptor.file, unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertEqual(service_descriptor.index, 0)
+    self.CheckDescriptorMapping(service_descriptor.methods_by_name)
+
+  def testOneofDescriptor(self):
+    message_descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
+    oneof_descriptor = message_descriptor.oneofs_by_name['oneof_field']
+    self.assertFalse(oneof_descriptor.has_options)
+    self.assertEqual(message_descriptor, oneof_descriptor.containing_type)
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_field', oneof_descriptor.name)
+    self.assertEqual('protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.oneof_field',
+                     oneof_descriptor.full_name)
+    self.assertEqual(0, oneof_descriptor.index)
+
+
+class DescriptorCopyToProtoTest(unittest.TestCase):
+  """Tests for CopyTo functions of Descriptor."""
+
+  def _AssertProtoEqual(self, actual_proto, expected_class, expected_ascii):
+    expected_proto = expected_class()
+    text_format.Merge(expected_ascii, expected_proto)
+
+    self.assertEqual(
+        actual_proto, expected_proto,
+        'Not equal,\nActual:\n%s\nExpected:\n%s\n'
+        % (str(actual_proto), str(expected_proto)))
+
+  def _InternalTestCopyToProto(self, desc, expected_proto_class,
+                               expected_proto_ascii):
+    actual = expected_proto_class()
+    desc.CopyToProto(actual)
+    self._AssertProtoEqual(
+        actual, expected_proto_class, expected_proto_ascii)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_EmptyMessage(self):
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto,
+        TEST_EMPTY_MESSAGE_DESCRIPTOR_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_NestedMessage(self):
+    TEST_NESTED_MESSAGE_ASCII = """
+      name: 'NestedMessage'
+      field: <
+        name: 'bb'
+        number: 1
+        label: 1  # Optional
+        type: 5  # TYPE_INT32
+      >
+      """
+
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto,
+        TEST_NESTED_MESSAGE_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_ForeignNestedMessage(self):
+    TEST_FOREIGN_NESTED_ASCII = """
+      name: 'TestForeignNested'
+      field: <
+        name: 'foreign_nested'
+        number: 1
+        label: 1  # Optional
+        type: 11  # TYPE_MESSAGE
+        type_name: '.protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage'
+      >
+      """
+
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.TestForeignNested.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto,
+        TEST_FOREIGN_NESTED_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_ForeignEnum(self):
+    TEST_FOREIGN_ENUM_ASCII = """
+      name: 'ForeignEnum'
+      value: <
+        name: 'FOREIGN_FOO'
+        number: 4
+      >
+      value: <
+        name: 'FOREIGN_BAR'
+        number: 5
+      >
+      value: <
+        name: 'FOREIGN_BAZ'
+        number: 6
+      >
+      """
+
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.ForeignEnum.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.EnumDescriptorProto,
+        TEST_FOREIGN_ENUM_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_Options(self):
+    TEST_DEPRECATED_FIELDS_ASCII = """
+      name: 'TestDeprecatedFields'
+      field: <
+        name: 'deprecated_int32'
+        number: 1
+        label: 1  # Optional
+        type: 5  # TYPE_INT32
+        options: <
+          deprecated: true
+        >
+      >
+      field {
+        name: "deprecated_int32_in_oneof"
+        number: 2
+        label: LABEL_OPTIONAL
+        type: TYPE_INT32
+        options {
+          deprecated: true
+        }
+        oneof_index: 0
+      }
+      oneof_decl {
+        name: "oneof_fields"
+      }
+      """
+
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.TestDeprecatedFields.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto,
+        TEST_DEPRECATED_FIELDS_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_AllExtensions(self):
+    TEST_EMPTY_MESSAGE_WITH_EXTENSIONS_ASCII = """
+      name: 'TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions'
+      extension_range: <
+        start: 1
+        end: 536870912
+      >
+      """
+
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto,
+        TEST_EMPTY_MESSAGE_WITH_EXTENSIONS_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_SeveralExtensions(self):
+    TEST_MESSAGE_WITH_SEVERAL_EXTENSIONS_ASCII = """
+      name: 'TestMultipleExtensionRanges'
+      extension_range: <
+        start: 42
+        end: 43
+      >
+      extension_range: <
+        start: 4143
+        end: 4244
+      >
+      extension_range: <
+        start: 65536
+        end: 536870912
+      >
+      """
+
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.TestMultipleExtensionRanges.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto,
+        TEST_MESSAGE_WITH_SEVERAL_EXTENSIONS_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_FileDescriptor(self):
+    UNITTEST_IMPORT_FILE_DESCRIPTOR_ASCII = ("""
+      name: 'google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto'
+      package: 'protobuf_unittest_import'
+      dependency: 'google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto'
+      message_type: <
+        name: 'ImportMessage'
+        field: <
+          name: 'd'
+          number: 1
+          label: 1  # Optional
+          type: 5  # TYPE_INT32
+        >
+      >
+      """ +
+      """enum_type: <
+        name: 'ImportEnum'
+        value: <
+          name: 'IMPORT_FOO'
+          number: 7
+        >
+        value: <
+          name: 'IMPORT_BAR'
+          number: 8
+        >
+        value: <
+          name: 'IMPORT_BAZ'
+          number: 9
+        >
+      >
+      enum_type: <
+        name: 'ImportEnumForMap'
+        value: <
+          name: 'UNKNOWN'
+          number: 0
+        >
+        value: <
+          name: 'FOO'
+          number: 1
+        >
+        value: <
+          name: 'BAR'
+          number: 2
+        >
+      >
+      options: <
+        java_package: 'com.google.protobuf.test'
+        optimize_for: 1  # SPEED
+      """ +
+      """
+        cc_enable_arenas: true
+      >
+      public_dependency: 0
+    """)
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_import_pb2.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto,
+        UNITTEST_IMPORT_FILE_DESCRIPTOR_ASCII)
+
+  def testCopyToProto_ServiceDescriptor(self):
+    TEST_SERVICE_ASCII = """
+      name: 'TestService'
+      method: <
+        name: 'Foo'
+        input_type: '.protobuf_unittest.FooRequest'
+        output_type: '.protobuf_unittest.FooResponse'
+      >
+      method: <
+        name: 'Bar'
+        input_type: '.protobuf_unittest.BarRequest'
+        output_type: '.protobuf_unittest.BarResponse'
+      >
+      """
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        unittest_pb2.TestService.DESCRIPTOR,
+        descriptor_pb2.ServiceDescriptorProto,
+        TEST_SERVICE_ASCII)
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(
+      api_implementation.Type() == 'python',
+      'It is not implemented in python.')
+  # TODO(jieluo): Add support for pure python or remove in c extension.
+  def testCopyToProto_MethodDescriptor(self):
+    expected_ascii = """
+      name: 'Foo'
+      input_type: '.protobuf_unittest.FooRequest'
+      output_type: '.protobuf_unittest.FooResponse'
+    """
+    method_descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestService.DESCRIPTOR.FindMethodByName(
+        'Foo')
+    self._InternalTestCopyToProto(
+        method_descriptor,
+        descriptor_pb2.MethodDescriptorProto,
+        expected_ascii)
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(
+      api_implementation.Type() == 'python',
+      'Pure python does not raise error.')
+  # TODO(jieluo): Fix pure python to check with the proto type.
+  def testCopyToProto_TypeError(self):
+    file_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+                      unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage.DESCRIPTOR.CopyToProto,
+                      file_proto)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+                      unittest_pb2.ForeignEnum.DESCRIPTOR.CopyToProto,
+                      file_proto)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+                      unittest_pb2.TestService.DESCRIPTOR.CopyToProto,
+                      file_proto)
+    proto = descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto()
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+                      unittest_import_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.CopyToProto,
+                      proto)
+
+
+class MakeDescriptorTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testMakeDescriptorWithNestedFields(self):
+    file_descriptor_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    file_descriptor_proto.name = 'Foo2'
+    message_type = file_descriptor_proto.message_type.add()
+    message_type.name = file_descriptor_proto.name
+    nested_type = message_type.nested_type.add()
+    nested_type.name = 'Sub'
+    enum_type = nested_type.enum_type.add()
+    enum_type.name = 'FOO'
+    enum_type_val = enum_type.value.add()
+    enum_type_val.name = 'BAR'
+    enum_type_val.number = 3
+    field = message_type.field.add()
+    field.number = 1
+    field.name = 'uint64_field'
+    field.label = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REQUIRED
+    field.type = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT64
+    field = message_type.field.add()
+    field.number = 2
+    field.name = 'nested_message_field'
+    field.label = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REQUIRED
+    field.type = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE
+    field.type_name = 'Sub'
+    enum_field = nested_type.field.add()
+    enum_field.number = 2
+    enum_field.name = 'bar_field'
+    enum_field.label = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REQUIRED
+    enum_field.type = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM
+    enum_field.type_name = 'Foo2.Sub.FOO'
+
+    result = descriptor.MakeDescriptor(message_type)
+    self.assertEqual(result.fields[0].cpp_type,
+                     descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_UINT64)
+    self.assertEqual(result.fields[1].cpp_type,
+                     descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE)
+    self.assertEqual(result.fields[1].message_type.containing_type,
+                     result)
+    self.assertEqual(result.nested_types[0].fields[0].full_name,
+                     'Foo2.Sub.bar_field')
+    self.assertEqual(result.nested_types[0].fields[0].enum_type,
+                     result.nested_types[0].enum_types[0])
+    self.assertFalse(result.has_options)
+    self.assertFalse(result.fields[0].has_options)
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+      with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+        result.fields[0].has_options = False
+
+  def testMakeDescriptorWithUnsignedIntField(self):
+    file_descriptor_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    file_descriptor_proto.name = 'Foo'
+    message_type = file_descriptor_proto.message_type.add()
+    message_type.name = file_descriptor_proto.name
+    enum_type = message_type.enum_type.add()
+    enum_type.name = 'FOO'
+    enum_type_val = enum_type.value.add()
+    enum_type_val.name = 'BAR'
+    enum_type_val.number = 3
+    field = message_type.field.add()
+    field.number = 1
+    field.name = 'uint64_field'
+    field.label = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REQUIRED
+    field.type = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT64
+    enum_field = message_type.field.add()
+    enum_field.number = 2
+    enum_field.name = 'bar_field'
+    enum_field.label = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REQUIRED
+    enum_field.type = descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM
+    enum_field.type_name = 'Foo.FOO'
+
+    result = descriptor.MakeDescriptor(message_type)
+    self.assertEqual(result.fields[0].cpp_type,
+                     descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_UINT64)
+
+
+  def testMakeDescriptorWithOptions(self):
+    descriptor_proto = descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto()
+    aggregate_message = unittest_custom_options_pb2.AggregateMessage
+    aggregate_message.DESCRIPTOR.CopyToProto(descriptor_proto)
+    reformed_descriptor = descriptor.MakeDescriptor(descriptor_proto)
+
+    options = reformed_descriptor.GetOptions()
+    self.assertEqual(101,
+                      options.Extensions[unittest_custom_options_pb2.msgopt].i)
+
+  def testCamelcaseName(self):
+    descriptor_proto = descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto()
+    descriptor_proto.name = 'Bar'
+    names = ['foo_foo', 'FooBar', 'fooBaz', 'fooFoo', 'foobar']
+    camelcase_names = ['fooFoo', 'fooBar', 'fooBaz', 'fooFoo', 'foobar']
+    for index in range(len(names)):
+      field = descriptor_proto.field.add()
+      field.number = index + 1
+      field.name = names[index]
+    result = descriptor.MakeDescriptor(descriptor_proto)
+    for index in range(len(camelcase_names)):
+      self.assertEqual(result.fields[index].camelcase_name,
+                       camelcase_names[index])
+
+  def testJsonName(self):
+    descriptor_proto = descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto()
+    descriptor_proto.name = 'TestJsonName'
+    names = ['field_name', 'fieldName', 'FieldName',
+             '_field_name', 'FIELD_NAME', 'json_name']
+    json_names = ['fieldName', 'fieldName', 'FieldName',
+                  'FieldName', 'FIELDNAME', '@type']
+    for index in range(len(names)):
+      field = descriptor_proto.field.add()
+      field.number = index + 1
+      field.name = names[index]
+    field.json_name = '@type'
+    result = descriptor.MakeDescriptor(descriptor_proto)
+    for index in range(len(json_names)):
+      self.assertEqual(result.fields[index].json_name,
+                       json_names[index])
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/encoder.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/encoder.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0d1f49dd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/encoder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,828 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Code for encoding protocol message primitives.
+
+Contains the logic for encoding every logical protocol field type
+into one of the 5 physical wire types.
+
+This code is designed to push the Python interpreter's performance to the
+limits.
+
+The basic idea is that at startup time, for every field (i.e. every
+FieldDescriptor) we construct two functions:  a "sizer" and an "encoder".  The
+sizer takes a value of this field's type and computes its byte size.  The
+encoder takes a writer function and a value.  It encodes the value into byte
+strings and invokes the writer function to write those strings.  Typically the
+writer function is the write() method of a BytesIO.
+
+We try to do as much work as possible when constructing the writer and the
+sizer rather than when calling them.  In particular:
+* We copy any needed global functions to local variables, so that we do not need
+  to do costly global table lookups at runtime.
+* Similarly, we try to do any attribute lookups at startup time if possible.
+* Every field's tag is encoded to bytes at startup, since it can't change at
+  runtime.
+* Whatever component of the field size we can compute at startup, we do.
+* We *avoid* sharing code if doing so would make the code slower and not sharing
+  does not burden us too much.  For example, encoders for repeated fields do
+  not just call the encoders for singular fields in a loop because this would
+  add an extra function call overhead for every loop iteration; instead, we
+  manually inline the single-value encoder into the loop.
+* If a Python function lacks a return statement, Python actually generates
+  instructions to pop the result of the last statement off the stack, push
+  None onto the stack, and then return that.  If we really don't care what
+  value is returned, then we can save two instructions by returning the
+  result of the last statement.  It looks funny but it helps.
+* We assume that type and bounds checking has happened at a higher level.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)'
+
+import struct
+
+import six
+
+from google.protobuf.internal import wire_format
+
+
+# This will overflow and thus become IEEE-754 "infinity".  We would use
+# "float('inf')" but it doesn't work on Windows pre-Python-2.6.
+_POS_INF = 1e10000
+_NEG_INF = -_POS_INF
+
+
+def _VarintSize(value):
+  """Compute the size of a varint value."""
+  if value <= 0x7f: return 1
+  if value <= 0x3fff: return 2
+  if value <= 0x1fffff: return 3
+  if value <= 0xfffffff: return 4
+  if value <= 0x7ffffffff: return 5
+  if value <= 0x3ffffffffff: return 6
+  if value <= 0x1ffffffffffff: return 7
+  if value <= 0xffffffffffffff: return 8
+  if value <= 0x7fffffffffffffff: return 9
+  return 10
+
+
+def _SignedVarintSize(value):
+  """Compute the size of a signed varint value."""
+  if value < 0: return 10
+  if value <= 0x7f: return 1
+  if value <= 0x3fff: return 2
+  if value <= 0x1fffff: return 3
+  if value <= 0xfffffff: return 4
+  if value <= 0x7ffffffff: return 5
+  if value <= 0x3ffffffffff: return 6
+  if value <= 0x1ffffffffffff: return 7
+  if value <= 0xffffffffffffff: return 8
+  if value <= 0x7fffffffffffffff: return 9
+  return 10
+
+
+def _TagSize(field_number):
+  """Returns the number of bytes required to serialize a tag with this field
+  number."""
+  # Just pass in type 0, since the type won't affect the tag+type size.
+  return _VarintSize(wire_format.PackTag(field_number, 0))
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# In this section we define some generic sizers.  Each of these functions
+# takes parameters specific to a particular field type, e.g. int32 or fixed64.
+# It returns another function which in turn takes parameters specific to a
+# particular field, e.g. the field number and whether it is repeated or packed.
+# Look at the next section to see how these are used.
+
+
+def _SimpleSizer(compute_value_size):
+  """A sizer which uses the function compute_value_size to compute the size of
+  each value.  Typically compute_value_size is _VarintSize."""
+
+  def SpecificSizer(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+    tag_size = _TagSize(field_number)
+    if is_packed:
+      local_VarintSize = _VarintSize
+      def PackedFieldSize(value):
+        result = 0
+        for element in value:
+          result += compute_value_size(element)
+        return result + local_VarintSize(result) + tag_size
+      return PackedFieldSize
+    elif is_repeated:
+      def RepeatedFieldSize(value):
+        result = tag_size * len(value)
+        for element in value:
+          result += compute_value_size(element)
+        return result
+      return RepeatedFieldSize
+    else:
+      def FieldSize(value):
+        return tag_size + compute_value_size(value)
+      return FieldSize
+
+  return SpecificSizer
+
+
+def _ModifiedSizer(compute_value_size, modify_value):
+  """Like SimpleSizer, but modify_value is invoked on each value before it is
+  passed to compute_value_size.  modify_value is typically ZigZagEncode."""
+
+  def SpecificSizer(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+    tag_size = _TagSize(field_number)
+    if is_packed:
+      local_VarintSize = _VarintSize
+      def PackedFieldSize(value):
+        result = 0
+        for element in value:
+          result += compute_value_size(modify_value(element))
+        return result + local_VarintSize(result) + tag_size
+      return PackedFieldSize
+    elif is_repeated:
+      def RepeatedFieldSize(value):
+        result = tag_size * len(value)
+        for element in value:
+          result += compute_value_size(modify_value(element))
+        return result
+      return RepeatedFieldSize
+    else:
+      def FieldSize(value):
+        return tag_size + compute_value_size(modify_value(value))
+      return FieldSize
+
+  return SpecificSizer
+
+
+def _FixedSizer(value_size):
+  """Like _SimpleSizer except for a fixed-size field.  The input is the size
+  of one value."""
+
+  def SpecificSizer(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+    tag_size = _TagSize(field_number)
+    if is_packed:
+      local_VarintSize = _VarintSize
+      def PackedFieldSize(value):
+        result = len(value) * value_size
+        return result + local_VarintSize(result) + tag_size
+      return PackedFieldSize
+    elif is_repeated:
+      element_size = value_size + tag_size
+      def RepeatedFieldSize(value):
+        return len(value) * element_size
+      return RepeatedFieldSize
+    else:
+      field_size = value_size + tag_size
+      def FieldSize(value):
+        return field_size
+      return FieldSize
+
+  return SpecificSizer
+
+
+# ====================================================================
+# Here we declare a sizer constructor for each field type.  Each "sizer
+# constructor" is a function that takes (field_number, is_repeated, is_packed)
+# as parameters and returns a sizer, which in turn takes a field value as
+# a parameter and returns its encoded size.
+
+
+Int32Sizer = Int64Sizer = EnumSizer = _SimpleSizer(_SignedVarintSize)
+
+UInt32Sizer = UInt64Sizer = _SimpleSizer(_VarintSize)
+
+SInt32Sizer = SInt64Sizer = _ModifiedSizer(
+    _SignedVarintSize, wire_format.ZigZagEncode)
+
+Fixed32Sizer = SFixed32Sizer = FloatSizer  = _FixedSizer(4)
+Fixed64Sizer = SFixed64Sizer = DoubleSizer = _FixedSizer(8)
+
+BoolSizer = _FixedSizer(1)
+
+
+def StringSizer(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+  """Returns a sizer for a string field."""
+
+  tag_size = _TagSize(field_number)
+  local_VarintSize = _VarintSize
+  local_len = len
+  assert not is_packed
+  if is_repeated:
+    def RepeatedFieldSize(value):
+      result = tag_size * len(value)
+      for element in value:
+        l = local_len(element.encode('utf-8'))
+        result += local_VarintSize(l) + l
+      return result
+    return RepeatedFieldSize
+  else:
+    def FieldSize(value):
+      l = local_len(value.encode('utf-8'))
+      return tag_size + local_VarintSize(l) + l
+    return FieldSize
+
+
+def BytesSizer(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+  """Returns a sizer for a bytes field."""
+
+  tag_size = _TagSize(field_number)
+  local_VarintSize = _VarintSize
+  local_len = len
+  assert not is_packed
+  if is_repeated:
+    def RepeatedFieldSize(value):
+      result = tag_size * len(value)
+      for element in value:
+        l = local_len(element)
+        result += local_VarintSize(l) + l
+      return result
+    return RepeatedFieldSize
+  else:
+    def FieldSize(value):
+      l = local_len(value)
+      return tag_size + local_VarintSize(l) + l
+    return FieldSize
+
+
+def GroupSizer(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+  """Returns a sizer for a group field."""
+
+  tag_size = _TagSize(field_number) * 2
+  assert not is_packed
+  if is_repeated:
+    def RepeatedFieldSize(value):
+      result = tag_size * len(value)
+      for element in value:
+        result += element.ByteSize()
+      return result
+    return RepeatedFieldSize
+  else:
+    def FieldSize(value):
+      return tag_size + value.ByteSize()
+    return FieldSize
+
+
+def MessageSizer(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+  """Returns a sizer for a message field."""
+
+  tag_size = _TagSize(field_number)
+  local_VarintSize = _VarintSize
+  assert not is_packed
+  if is_repeated:
+    def RepeatedFieldSize(value):
+      result = tag_size * len(value)
+      for element in value:
+        l = element.ByteSize()
+        result += local_VarintSize(l) + l
+      return result
+    return RepeatedFieldSize
+  else:
+    def FieldSize(value):
+      l = value.ByteSize()
+      return tag_size + local_VarintSize(l) + l
+    return FieldSize
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# MessageSet is special: it needs custom logic to compute its size properly.
+
+
+def MessageSetItemSizer(field_number):
+  """Returns a sizer for extensions of MessageSet.
+
+  The message set message looks like this:
+    message MessageSet {
+      repeated group Item = 1 {
+        required int32 type_id = 2;
+        required string message = 3;
+      }
+    }
+  """
+  static_size = (_TagSize(1) * 2 + _TagSize(2) + _VarintSize(field_number) +
+                 _TagSize(3))
+  local_VarintSize = _VarintSize
+
+  def FieldSize(value):
+    l = value.ByteSize()
+    return static_size + local_VarintSize(l) + l
+
+  return FieldSize
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Map is special: it needs custom logic to compute its size properly.
+
+
+def MapSizer(field_descriptor, is_message_map):
+  """Returns a sizer for a map field."""
+
+  # Can't look at field_descriptor.message_type._concrete_class because it may
+  # not have been initialized yet.
+  message_type = field_descriptor.message_type
+  message_sizer = MessageSizer(field_descriptor.number, False, False)
+
+  def FieldSize(map_value):
+    total = 0
+    for key in map_value:
+      value = map_value[key]
+      # It's wasteful to create the messages and throw them away one second
+      # later since we'll do the same for the actual encode.  But there's not an
+      # obvious way to avoid this within the current design without tons of code
+      # duplication. For message map, value.ByteSize() should be called to
+      # update the status.
+      entry_msg = message_type._concrete_class(key=key, value=value)
+      total += message_sizer(entry_msg)
+      if is_message_map:
+        value.ByteSize()
+    return total
+
+  return FieldSize
+
+# ====================================================================
+# Encoders!
+
+
+def _VarintEncoder():
+  """Return an encoder for a basic varint value (does not include tag)."""
+
+  def EncodeVarint(write, value, unused_deterministic=None):
+    bits = value & 0x7f
+    value >>= 7
+    while value:
+      write(six.int2byte(0x80|bits))
+      bits = value & 0x7f
+      value >>= 7
+    return write(six.int2byte(bits))
+
+  return EncodeVarint
+
+
+def _SignedVarintEncoder():
+  """Return an encoder for a basic signed varint value (does not include
+  tag)."""
+
+  def EncodeSignedVarint(write, value, unused_deterministic=None):
+    if value < 0:
+      value += (1 << 64)
+    bits = value & 0x7f
+    value >>= 7
+    while value:
+      write(six.int2byte(0x80|bits))
+      bits = value & 0x7f
+      value >>= 7
+    return write(six.int2byte(bits))
+
+  return EncodeSignedVarint
+
+
+_EncodeVarint = _VarintEncoder()
+_EncodeSignedVarint = _SignedVarintEncoder()
+
+
+def _VarintBytes(value):
+  """Encode the given integer as a varint and return the bytes.  This is only
+  called at startup time so it doesn't need to be fast."""
+
+  pieces = []
+  _EncodeVarint(pieces.append, value, True)
+  return b"".join(pieces)
+
+
+def TagBytes(field_number, wire_type):
+  """Encode the given tag and return the bytes.  Only called at startup."""
+
+  return six.binary_type(
+      _VarintBytes(wire_format.PackTag(field_number, wire_type)))
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# As with sizers (see above), we have a number of common encoder
+# implementations.
+
+
+def _SimpleEncoder(wire_type, encode_value, compute_value_size):
+  """Return a constructor for an encoder for fields of a particular type.
+
+  Args:
+      wire_type:  The field's wire type, for encoding tags.
+      encode_value:  A function which encodes an individual value, e.g.
+        _EncodeVarint().
+      compute_value_size:  A function which computes the size of an individual
+        value, e.g. _VarintSize().
+  """
+
+  def SpecificEncoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+    if is_packed:
+      tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)
+      local_EncodeVarint = _EncodeVarint
+      def EncodePackedField(write, value, deterministic):
+        write(tag_bytes)
+        size = 0
+        for element in value:
+          size += compute_value_size(element)
+        local_EncodeVarint(write, size, deterministic)
+        for element in value:
+          encode_value(write, element, deterministic)
+      return EncodePackedField
+    elif is_repeated:
+      tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_type)
+      def EncodeRepeatedField(write, value, deterministic):
+        for element in value:
+          write(tag_bytes)
+          encode_value(write, element, deterministic)
+      return EncodeRepeatedField
+    else:
+      tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_type)
+      def EncodeField(write, value, deterministic):
+        write(tag_bytes)
+        return encode_value(write, value, deterministic)
+      return EncodeField
+
+  return SpecificEncoder
+
+
+def _ModifiedEncoder(wire_type, encode_value, compute_value_size, modify_value):
+  """Like SimpleEncoder but additionally invokes modify_value on every value
+  before passing it to encode_value.  Usually modify_value is ZigZagEncode."""
+
+  def SpecificEncoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+    if is_packed:
+      tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)
+      local_EncodeVarint = _EncodeVarint
+      def EncodePackedField(write, value, deterministic):
+        write(tag_bytes)
+        size = 0
+        for element in value:
+          size += compute_value_size(modify_value(element))
+        local_EncodeVarint(write, size, deterministic)
+        for element in value:
+          encode_value(write, modify_value(element), deterministic)
+      return EncodePackedField
+    elif is_repeated:
+      tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_type)
+      def EncodeRepeatedField(write, value, deterministic):
+        for element in value:
+          write(tag_bytes)
+          encode_value(write, modify_value(element), deterministic)
+      return EncodeRepeatedField
+    else:
+      tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_type)
+      def EncodeField(write, value, deterministic):
+        write(tag_bytes)
+        return encode_value(write, modify_value(value), deterministic)
+      return EncodeField
+
+  return SpecificEncoder
+
+
+def _StructPackEncoder(wire_type, format):
+  """Return a constructor for an encoder for a fixed-width field.
+
+  Args:
+      wire_type:  The field's wire type, for encoding tags.
+      format:  The format string to pass to struct.pack().
+  """
+
+  value_size = struct.calcsize(format)
+
+  def SpecificEncoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+    local_struct_pack = struct.pack
+    if is_packed:
+      tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)
+      local_EncodeVarint = _EncodeVarint
+      def EncodePackedField(write, value, deterministic):
+        write(tag_bytes)
+        local_EncodeVarint(write, len(value) * value_size, deterministic)
+        for element in value:
+          write(local_struct_pack(format, element))
+      return EncodePackedField
+    elif is_repeated:
+      tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_type)
+      def EncodeRepeatedField(write, value, unused_deterministic=None):
+        for element in value:
+          write(tag_bytes)
+          write(local_struct_pack(format, element))
+      return EncodeRepeatedField
+    else:
+      tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_type)
+      def EncodeField(write, value, unused_deterministic=None):
+        write(tag_bytes)
+        return write(local_struct_pack(format, value))
+      return EncodeField
+
+  return SpecificEncoder
+
+
+def _FloatingPointEncoder(wire_type, format):
+  """Return a constructor for an encoder for float fields.
+
+  This is like StructPackEncoder, but catches errors that may be due to
+  passing non-finite floating-point values to struct.pack, and makes a
+  second attempt to encode those values.
+
+  Args:
+      wire_type:  The field's wire type, for encoding tags.
+      format:  The format string to pass to struct.pack().
+  """
+
+  value_size = struct.calcsize(format)
+  if value_size == 4:
+    def EncodeNonFiniteOrRaise(write, value):
+      # Remember that the serialized form uses little-endian byte order.
+      if value == _POS_INF:
+        write(b'\x00\x00\x80\x7F')
+      elif value == _NEG_INF:
+        write(b'\x00\x00\x80\xFF')
+      elif value != value:           # NaN
+        write(b'\x00\x00\xC0\x7F')
+      else:
+        raise
+  elif value_size == 8:
+    def EncodeNonFiniteOrRaise(write, value):
+      if value == _POS_INF:
+        write(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\x7F')
+      elif value == _NEG_INF:
+        write(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\xFF')
+      elif value != value:                         # NaN
+        write(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF8\x7F')
+      else:
+        raise
+  else:
+    raise ValueError('Can\'t encode floating-point values that are '
+                     '%d bytes long (only 4 or 8)' % value_size)
+
+  def SpecificEncoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+    local_struct_pack = struct.pack
+    if is_packed:
+      tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)
+      local_EncodeVarint = _EncodeVarint
+      def EncodePackedField(write, value, deterministic):
+        write(tag_bytes)
+        local_EncodeVarint(write, len(value) * value_size, deterministic)
+        for element in value:
+          # This try/except block is going to be faster than any code that
+          # we could write to check whether element is finite.
+          try:
+            write(local_struct_pack(format, element))
+          except SystemError:
+            EncodeNonFiniteOrRaise(write, element)
+      return EncodePackedField
+    elif is_repeated:
+      tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_type)
+      def EncodeRepeatedField(write, value, unused_deterministic=None):
+        for element in value:
+          write(tag_bytes)
+          try:
+            write(local_struct_pack(format, element))
+          except SystemError:
+            EncodeNonFiniteOrRaise(write, element)
+      return EncodeRepeatedField
+    else:
+      tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_type)
+      def EncodeField(write, value, unused_deterministic=None):
+        write(tag_bytes)
+        try:
+          write(local_struct_pack(format, value))
+        except SystemError:
+          EncodeNonFiniteOrRaise(write, value)
+      return EncodeField
+
+  return SpecificEncoder
+
+
+# ====================================================================
+# Here we declare an encoder constructor for each field type.  These work
+# very similarly to sizer constructors, described earlier.
+
+
+Int32Encoder = Int64Encoder = EnumEncoder = _SimpleEncoder(
+    wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT, _EncodeSignedVarint, _SignedVarintSize)
+
+UInt32Encoder = UInt64Encoder = _SimpleEncoder(
+    wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT, _EncodeVarint, _VarintSize)
+
+SInt32Encoder = SInt64Encoder = _ModifiedEncoder(
+    wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT, _EncodeVarint, _VarintSize,
+    wire_format.ZigZagEncode)
+
+# Note that Python conveniently guarantees that when using the '<' prefix on
+# formats, they will also have the same size across all platforms (as opposed
+# to without the prefix, where their sizes depend on the C compiler's basic
+# type sizes).
+Fixed32Encoder  = _StructPackEncoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED32, '<I')
+Fixed64Encoder  = _StructPackEncoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED64, '<Q')
+SFixed32Encoder = _StructPackEncoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED32, '<i')
+SFixed64Encoder = _StructPackEncoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED64, '<q')
+FloatEncoder    = _FloatingPointEncoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED32, '<f')
+DoubleEncoder   = _FloatingPointEncoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED64, '<d')
+
+
+def BoolEncoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+  """Returns an encoder for a boolean field."""
+
+  false_byte = b'\x00'
+  true_byte = b'\x01'
+  if is_packed:
+    tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)
+    local_EncodeVarint = _EncodeVarint
+    def EncodePackedField(write, value, deterministic):
+      write(tag_bytes)
+      local_EncodeVarint(write, len(value), deterministic)
+      for element in value:
+        if element:
+          write(true_byte)
+        else:
+          write(false_byte)
+    return EncodePackedField
+  elif is_repeated:
+    tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT)
+    def EncodeRepeatedField(write, value, unused_deterministic=None):
+      for element in value:
+        write(tag_bytes)
+        if element:
+          write(true_byte)
+        else:
+          write(false_byte)
+    return EncodeRepeatedField
+  else:
+    tag_bytes = TagBytes(field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT)
+    def EncodeField(write, value, unused_deterministic=None):
+      write(tag_bytes)
+      if value:
+        return write(true_byte)
+      return write(false_byte)
+    return EncodeField
+
+
+def StringEncoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+  """Returns an encoder for a string field."""
+
+  tag = TagBytes(field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)
+  local_EncodeVarint = _EncodeVarint
+  local_len = len
+  assert not is_packed
+  if is_repeated:
+    def EncodeRepeatedField(write, value, deterministic):
+      for element in value:
+        encoded = element.encode('utf-8')
+        write(tag)
+        local_EncodeVarint(write, local_len(encoded), deterministic)
+        write(encoded)
+    return EncodeRepeatedField
+  else:
+    def EncodeField(write, value, deterministic):
+      encoded = value.encode('utf-8')
+      write(tag)
+      local_EncodeVarint(write, local_len(encoded), deterministic)
+      return write(encoded)
+    return EncodeField
+
+
+def BytesEncoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+  """Returns an encoder for a bytes field."""
+
+  tag = TagBytes(field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)
+  local_EncodeVarint = _EncodeVarint
+  local_len = len
+  assert not is_packed
+  if is_repeated:
+    def EncodeRepeatedField(write, value, deterministic):
+      for element in value:
+        write(tag)
+        local_EncodeVarint(write, local_len(element), deterministic)
+        write(element)
+    return EncodeRepeatedField
+  else:
+    def EncodeField(write, value, deterministic):
+      write(tag)
+      local_EncodeVarint(write, local_len(value), deterministic)
+      return write(value)
+    return EncodeField
+
+
+def GroupEncoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+  """Returns an encoder for a group field."""
+
+  start_tag = TagBytes(field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP)
+  end_tag = TagBytes(field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP)
+  assert not is_packed
+  if is_repeated:
+    def EncodeRepeatedField(write, value, deterministic):
+      for element in value:
+        write(start_tag)
+        element._InternalSerialize(write, deterministic)
+        write(end_tag)
+    return EncodeRepeatedField
+  else:
+    def EncodeField(write, value, deterministic):
+      write(start_tag)
+      value._InternalSerialize(write, deterministic)
+      return write(end_tag)
+    return EncodeField
+
+
+def MessageEncoder(field_number, is_repeated, is_packed):
+  """Returns an encoder for a message field."""
+
+  tag = TagBytes(field_number, wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)
+  local_EncodeVarint = _EncodeVarint
+  assert not is_packed
+  if is_repeated:
+    def EncodeRepeatedField(write, value, deterministic):
+      for element in value:
+        write(tag)
+        local_EncodeVarint(write, element.ByteSize(), deterministic)
+        element._InternalSerialize(write, deterministic)
+    return EncodeRepeatedField
+  else:
+    def EncodeField(write, value, deterministic):
+      write(tag)
+      local_EncodeVarint(write, value.ByteSize(), deterministic)
+      return value._InternalSerialize(write, deterministic)
+    return EncodeField
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# As before, MessageSet is special.
+
+
+def MessageSetItemEncoder(field_number):
+  """Encoder for extensions of MessageSet.
+
+  The message set message looks like this:
+    message MessageSet {
+      repeated group Item = 1 {
+        required int32 type_id = 2;
+        required string message = 3;
+      }
+    }
+  """
+  start_bytes = b"".join([
+      TagBytes(1, wire_format.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP),
+      TagBytes(2, wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT),
+      _VarintBytes(field_number),
+      TagBytes(3, wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)])
+  end_bytes = TagBytes(1, wire_format.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP)
+  local_EncodeVarint = _EncodeVarint
+
+  def EncodeField(write, value, deterministic):
+    write(start_bytes)
+    local_EncodeVarint(write, value.ByteSize(), deterministic)
+    value._InternalSerialize(write, deterministic)
+    return write(end_bytes)
+
+  return EncodeField
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# As before, Map is special.
+
+
+def MapEncoder(field_descriptor):
+  """Encoder for extensions of MessageSet.
+
+  Maps always have a wire format like this:
+    message MapEntry {
+      key_type key = 1;
+      value_type value = 2;
+    }
+    repeated MapEntry map = N;
+  """
+  # Can't look at field_descriptor.message_type._concrete_class because it may
+  # not have been initialized yet.
+  message_type = field_descriptor.message_type
+  encode_message = MessageEncoder(field_descriptor.number, False, False)
+
+  def EncodeField(write, value, deterministic):
+    value_keys = sorted(value.keys()) if deterministic else value
+    for key in value_keys:
+      entry_msg = message_type._concrete_class(key=key, value=value[key])
+      encode_message(write, entry_msg, deterministic)
+
+  return EncodeField
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/enum_type_wrapper.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/enum_type_wrapper.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eeb2dae90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/enum_type_wrapper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""A simple wrapper around enum types to expose utility functions.
+
+Instances are created as properties with the same name as the enum they wrap
+on proto classes.  For usage, see:
+  reflection_test.py
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'rabsatt@google.com (Kevin Rabsatt)'
+
+import six
+
+
+class EnumTypeWrapper(object):
+  """A utility for finding the names of enum values."""
+
+  DESCRIPTOR = None
+
+  def __init__(self, enum_type):
+    """Inits EnumTypeWrapper with an EnumDescriptor."""
+    self._enum_type = enum_type
+    self.DESCRIPTOR = enum_type
+
+  def Name(self, number):
+    """Returns a string containing the name of an enum value."""
+    if number in self._enum_type.values_by_number:
+      return self._enum_type.values_by_number[number].name
+
+    if not isinstance(number, six.integer_types):
+      raise TypeError('Enum value for %s must be an int, but got %r.' % (
+          self._enum_type.name, number))
+    else:
+      # %r here to handle the odd case when you pass in a boolean.
+      raise ValueError('Enum %s has no name defined for value %r' % (
+          self._enum_type.name, number))
+
+  def Value(self, name):
+    """Returns the value corresponding to the given enum name."""
+    if name in self._enum_type.values_by_name:
+      return self._enum_type.values_by_name[name].number
+    raise ValueError('Enum %s has no value defined for name %s' % (
+        self._enum_type.name, name))
+
+  def keys(self):
+    """Return a list of the string names in the enum.
+
+    These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+    """
+
+    return [value_descriptor.name
+            for value_descriptor in self._enum_type.values]
+
+  def values(self):
+    """Return a list of the integer values in the enum.
+
+    These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+    """
+
+    return [value_descriptor.number
+            for value_descriptor in self._enum_type.values]
+
+  def items(self):
+    """Return a list of the (name, value) pairs of the enum.
+
+    These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+    """
+    return [(value_descriptor.name, value_descriptor.number)
+            for value_descriptor in self._enum_type.values]
+
+  def __getattr__(self, name):
+    """Returns the value corresponding to the given enum name."""
+    if name in self._enum_type.values_by_name:
+      return self._enum_type.values_by_name[name].number
+    raise AttributeError
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/extension_dict.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/extension_dict.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a44bf9ddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/extension_dict.py
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Contains _ExtensionDict class to represent extensions.
+"""
+
+from google.protobuf.internal import type_checkers
+from google.protobuf.descriptor import FieldDescriptor
+
+
+def _VerifyExtensionHandle(message, extension_handle):
+  """Verify that the given extension handle is valid."""
+
+  if not isinstance(extension_handle, FieldDescriptor):
+    raise KeyError('HasExtension() expects an extension handle, got: %s' %
+                   extension_handle)
+
+  if not extension_handle.is_extension:
+    raise KeyError('"%s" is not an extension.' % extension_handle.full_name)
+
+  if not extension_handle.containing_type:
+    raise KeyError('"%s" is missing a containing_type.'
+                   % extension_handle.full_name)
+
+  if extension_handle.containing_type is not message.DESCRIPTOR:
+    raise KeyError('Extension "%s" extends message type "%s", but this '
+                   'message is of type "%s".' %
+                   (extension_handle.full_name,
+                    extension_handle.containing_type.full_name,
+                    message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name))
+
+
+# TODO(robinson): Unify error handling of "unknown extension" crap.
+# TODO(robinson): Support iteritems()-style iteration over all
+# extensions with the "has" bits turned on?
+class _ExtensionDict(object):
+
+  """Dict-like container for Extension fields on proto instances.
+
+  Note that in all cases we expect extension handles to be
+  FieldDescriptors.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, extended_message):
+    """
+    Args:
+      extended_message: Message instance for which we are the Extensions dict.
+    """
+    self._extended_message = extended_message
+
+  def __getitem__(self, extension_handle):
+    """Returns the current value of the given extension handle."""
+
+    _VerifyExtensionHandle(self._extended_message, extension_handle)
+
+    result = self._extended_message._fields.get(extension_handle)
+    if result is not None:
+      return result
+
+    if extension_handle.label == FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+      result = extension_handle._default_constructor(self._extended_message)
+    elif extension_handle.cpp_type == FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      assert getattr(extension_handle.message_type, '_concrete_class', None), (
+          'Uninitialized concrete class found for field %r (message type %r)'
+          % (extension_handle.full_name,
+             extension_handle.message_type.full_name))
+      result = extension_handle.message_type._concrete_class()
+      try:
+        result._SetListener(self._extended_message._listener_for_children)
+      except ReferenceError:
+        pass
+    else:
+      # Singular scalar -- just return the default without inserting into the
+      # dict.
+      return extension_handle.default_value
+
+    # Atomically check if another thread has preempted us and, if not, swap
+    # in the new object we just created.  If someone has preempted us, we
+    # take that object and discard ours.
+    # WARNING:  We are relying on setdefault() being atomic.  This is true
+    #   in CPython but we haven't investigated others.  This warning appears
+    #   in several other locations in this file.
+    result = self._extended_message._fields.setdefault(
+        extension_handle, result)
+
+    return result
+
+  def __eq__(self, other):
+    if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+      return False
+
+    my_fields = self._extended_message.ListFields()
+    other_fields = other._extended_message.ListFields()
+
+    # Get rid of non-extension fields.
+    my_fields = [field for field in my_fields if field.is_extension]
+    other_fields = [field for field in other_fields if field.is_extension]
+
+    return my_fields == other_fields
+
+  def __ne__(self, other):
+    return not self == other
+
+  def __len__(self):
+    fields = self._extended_message.ListFields()
+    # Get rid of non-extension fields.
+    extension_fields = [field for field in fields if field[0].is_extension]
+    return len(extension_fields)
+
+  def __hash__(self):
+    raise TypeError('unhashable object')
+
+  # Note that this is only meaningful for non-repeated, scalar extension
+  # fields.  Note also that we may have to call _Modified() when we do
+  # successfully set a field this way, to set any necssary "has" bits in the
+  # ancestors of the extended message.
+  def __setitem__(self, extension_handle, value):
+    """If extension_handle specifies a non-repeated, scalar extension
+    field, sets the value of that field.
+    """
+
+    _VerifyExtensionHandle(self._extended_message, extension_handle)
+
+    if (extension_handle.label == FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED or
+        extension_handle.cpp_type == FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE):
+      raise TypeError(
+          'Cannot assign to extension "%s" because it is a repeated or '
+          'composite type.' % extension_handle.full_name)
+
+    # It's slightly wasteful to lookup the type checker each time,
+    # but we expect this to be a vanishingly uncommon case anyway.
+    type_checker = type_checkers.GetTypeChecker(extension_handle)
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    self._extended_message._fields[extension_handle] = (
+        type_checker.CheckValue(value))
+    self._extended_message._Modified()
+
+  def __delitem__(self, extension_handle):
+    self._extended_message.ClearExtension(extension_handle)
+
+  def _FindExtensionByName(self, name):
+    """Tries to find a known extension with the specified name.
+
+    Args:
+      name: Extension full name.
+
+    Returns:
+      Extension field descriptor.
+    """
+    return self._extended_message._extensions_by_name.get(name, None)
+
+  def _FindExtensionByNumber(self, number):
+    """Tries to find a known extension with the field number.
+
+    Args:
+      number: Extension field number.
+
+    Returns:
+      Extension field descriptor.
+    """
+    return self._extended_message._extensions_by_number.get(number, None)
+
+  def __iter__(self):
+    # Return a generator over the populated extension fields
+    return (f[0] for f in self._extended_message.ListFields()
+            if f[0].is_extension)
+
+  def __contains__(self, extension_handle):
+    _VerifyExtensionHandle(self._extended_message, extension_handle)
+
+    if extension_handle not in self._extended_message._fields:
+      return False
+
+    if extension_handle.label == FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+      return bool(self._extended_message._fields.get(extension_handle))
+
+    if extension_handle.cpp_type == FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      value = self._extended_message._fields.get(extension_handle)
+      # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      return value is not None and value._is_present_in_parent
+
+    return True
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5bd03833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: matthewtoia@google.com (Matt Toia)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package google.protobuf.python.internal;
+
+
+enum Factory1Enum {
+  FACTORY_1_VALUE_0 = 0;
+  FACTORY_1_VALUE_1 = 1;
+}
+
+message Factory1Message {
+  optional Factory1Enum factory_1_enum = 1;
+  enum NestedFactory1Enum {
+    NESTED_FACTORY_1_VALUE_0 = 0;
+    NESTED_FACTORY_1_VALUE_1 = 1;
+  }
+  optional NestedFactory1Enum nested_factory_1_enum = 2;
+  message NestedFactory1Message {
+    optional string value = 1;
+  }
+  optional NestedFactory1Message nested_factory_1_message = 3;
+  optional int32 scalar_value = 4;
+  repeated string list_value = 5;
+
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message Factory1MethodRequest {
+  optional string argument = 1;
+}
+
+message Factory1MethodResponse {
+  optional string result = 1;
+}
+
+service Factory1Service {
+  // Dummy method for this dummy service.
+  rpc Factory1Method(Factory1MethodRequest) returns (Factory1MethodResponse) {
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5fcbc5ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: matthewtoia@google.com (Matt Toia)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package google.protobuf.python.internal;
+
+import "google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto";
+
+
+enum Factory2Enum {
+  FACTORY_2_VALUE_0 = 0;
+  FACTORY_2_VALUE_1 = 1;
+}
+
+message Factory2Message {
+  required int32 mandatory = 1;
+  optional Factory2Enum factory_2_enum = 2;
+  enum NestedFactory2Enum {
+    NESTED_FACTORY_2_VALUE_0 = 0;
+    NESTED_FACTORY_2_VALUE_1 = 1;
+  }
+  optional NestedFactory2Enum nested_factory_2_enum = 3;
+  message NestedFactory2Message {
+    optional string value = 1;
+  }
+  optional NestedFactory2Message nested_factory_2_message = 4;
+  optional Factory1Message factory_1_message = 5;
+  optional Factory1Enum factory_1_enum = 6;
+  optional Factory1Message.NestedFactory1Enum nested_factory_1_enum = 7;
+  optional Factory1Message.NestedFactory1Message nested_factory_1_message = 8;
+  optional Factory2Message circular_message = 9;
+  optional string scalar_value = 10;
+  repeated string list_value = 11;
+  repeated group Grouped = 12 {
+    optional string part_1 = 13;
+    optional string part_2 = 14;
+  }
+  optional LoopMessage loop = 15;
+  optional int32 int_with_default = 16 [default = 1776];
+  optional double double_with_default = 17 [default = 9.99];
+  optional string string_with_default = 18 [default = "hello world"];
+  optional bool bool_with_default = 19 [default = false];
+  optional Factory2Enum enum_with_default = 20 [default = FACTORY_2_VALUE_1];
+  optional bytes bytes_with_default = 21 [default = "a\373\000c"];
+
+
+  extend Factory1Message {
+    optional string one_more_field = 1001;
+  }
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    int32 oneof_int = 22;
+    string oneof_string = 23;
+  }
+}
+
+message LoopMessage {
+  optional Factory2Message loop = 1;
+}
+
+message MessageWithNestedEnumOnly {
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    NESTED_MESSAGE_ENUM_0 = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+extend Factory1Message {
+  optional string another_field = 1002;
+}
+
+message MessageWithOption {
+  option no_standard_descriptor_accessor = true;
+  optional int32 field1 = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/file_options_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/file_options_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4eceeb07f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/file_options_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+package google.protobuf.python.internal;
+
+message FooOptions {
+  optional string foo_name = 1;
+}
+
+extend .google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+  optional FooOptions foo_options = 120436268;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/generator_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/generator_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ab16d175d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/generator_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# TODO(robinson): Flesh this out considerably.  We focused on reflection_test.py
+# first, since it's testing the subtler code, and since it provides decent
+# indirect testing of the protocol compiler output.
+
+"""Unittest that directly tests the output of the pure-Python protocol
+compiler.  See //google/protobuf/internal/reflection_test.py for a test which
+further ensures that we can use Python protocol message objects as we expect.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+from google.protobuf.internal import test_bad_identifiers_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_custom_options_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_import_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_import_public_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_mset_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_mset_wire_format_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_no_generic_services_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import service
+from google.protobuf import symbol_database
+
+MAX_EXTENSION = 536870912
+
+
+class GeneratorTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testNestedMessageDescriptor(self):
+    field_name = 'optional_nested_message'
+    proto_type = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes
+    self.assertEqual(
+        proto_type.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR,
+        proto_type.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name[field_name].message_type)
+
+  def testEnums(self):
+    # We test only module-level enums here.
+    # TODO(robinson): Examine descriptors directly to check
+    # enum descriptor output.
+    self.assertEqual(4, unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_FOO)
+    self.assertEqual(5, unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR)
+    self.assertEqual(6, unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ)
+
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.FOO)
+    self.assertEqual(1, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO)
+    self.assertEqual(2, proto.BAR)
+    self.assertEqual(2, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR)
+    self.assertEqual(3, proto.BAZ)
+    self.assertEqual(3, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ)
+
+  def testExtremeDefaultValues(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestExtremeDefaultValues()
+
+    # Python pre-2.6 does not have isinf() or isnan() functions, so we have
+    # to provide our own.
+    def isnan(val):
+      # NaN is never equal to itself.
+      return val != val
+    def isinf(val):
+      # Infinity times zero equals NaN.
+      return not isnan(val) and isnan(val * 0)
+
+    self.assertTrue(isinf(message.inf_double))
+    self.assertTrue(message.inf_double > 0)
+    self.assertTrue(isinf(message.neg_inf_double))
+    self.assertTrue(message.neg_inf_double < 0)
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.nan_double))
+
+    self.assertTrue(isinf(message.inf_float))
+    self.assertTrue(message.inf_float > 0)
+    self.assertTrue(isinf(message.neg_inf_float))
+    self.assertTrue(message.neg_inf_float < 0)
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.nan_float))
+    self.assertEqual("? ? ?? ?? ??? ??/ ??-", message.cpp_trigraph)
+
+  def testHasDefaultValues(self):
+    desc = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
+
+    expected_has_default_by_name = {
+        'optional_int32': False,
+        'repeated_int32': False,
+        'optional_nested_message': False,
+        'default_int32': True,
+    }
+
+    has_default_by_name = dict(
+        [(f.name, f.has_default_value)
+         for f in desc.fields
+         if f.name in expected_has_default_by_name])
+    self.assertEqual(expected_has_default_by_name, has_default_by_name)
+
+  def testContainingTypeBehaviorForExtensions(self):
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension.containing_type,
+                     unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestRequired.single.containing_type,
+                     unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions.DESCRIPTOR)
+
+  def testExtensionScope(self):
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension.extension_scope,
+                     None)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestRequired.single.extension_scope,
+                     unittest_pb2.TestRequired.DESCRIPTOR)
+
+  def testIsExtension(self):
+    self.assertTrue(unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension.is_extension)
+    self.assertTrue(unittest_pb2.TestRequired.single.is_extension)
+
+    message_descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestRequired.DESCRIPTOR
+    non_extension_descriptor = message_descriptor.fields_by_name['a']
+    self.assertTrue(not non_extension_descriptor.is_extension)
+
+  def testOptions(self):
+    proto = unittest_mset_wire_format_pb2.TestMessageSet()
+    self.assertTrue(proto.DESCRIPTOR.GetOptions().message_set_wire_format)
+
+  def testMessageWithCustomOptions(self):
+    proto = unittest_custom_options_pb2.TestMessageWithCustomOptions()
+    enum_options = proto.DESCRIPTOR.enum_types_by_name['AnEnum'].GetOptions()
+    self.assertTrue(enum_options is not None)
+    # TODO(gps): We really should test for the presence of the enum_opt1
+    # extension and for its value to be set to -789.
+
+  def testNestedTypes(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        set(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.nested_types),
+        set([
+            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR,
+            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup.DESCRIPTOR,
+            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup.DESCRIPTOR,
+        ]))
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage.DESCRIPTOR.nested_types, [])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR.nested_types, [])
+
+  def testContainingType(self):
+    self.assertTrue(
+        unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage.DESCRIPTOR.containing_type is None)
+    self.assertTrue(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.containing_type is None)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR.containing_type,
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR.containing_type,
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup.DESCRIPTOR.containing_type,
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR)
+
+  def testContainingTypeInEnumDescriptor(self):
+    self.assertTrue(unittest_pb2._FOREIGNENUM.containing_type is None)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2._TESTALLTYPES_NESTEDENUM.containing_type,
+                     unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR)
+
+  def testPackage(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.file.package,
+        'protobuf_unittest')
+    desc = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR
+    self.assertEqual(desc.file.package, 'protobuf_unittest')
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_import_pb2.ImportMessage.DESCRIPTOR.file.package,
+        'protobuf_unittest_import')
+
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2._FOREIGNENUM.file.package, 'protobuf_unittest')
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2._TESTALLTYPES_NESTEDENUM.file.package,
+        'protobuf_unittest')
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_import_pb2._IMPORTENUM.file.package,
+        'protobuf_unittest_import')
+
+  def testExtensionRange(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.extension_ranges, [])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions.DESCRIPTOR.extension_ranges,
+        [(1, MAX_EXTENSION)])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestMultipleExtensionRanges.DESCRIPTOR.extension_ranges,
+        [(42, 43), (4143, 4244), (65536, MAX_EXTENSION)])
+
+  def testFileDescriptor(self):
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.name,
+                     'google/protobuf/unittest.proto')
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.package, 'protobuf_unittest')
+    self.assertFalse(unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb is None)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.dependencies,
+                     [unittest_import_pb2.DESCRIPTOR])
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_import_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.dependencies,
+                     [unittest_import_public_pb2.DESCRIPTOR])
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_import_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.public_dependencies,
+                     [unittest_import_public_pb2.DESCRIPTOR])
+  def testNoGenericServices(self):
+    self.assertTrue(hasattr(unittest_no_generic_services_pb2, "TestMessage"))
+    self.assertTrue(hasattr(unittest_no_generic_services_pb2, "FOO"))
+    self.assertTrue(hasattr(unittest_no_generic_services_pb2, "test_extension"))
+
+    # Make sure unittest_no_generic_services_pb2 has no services subclassing
+    # Proto2 Service class.
+    if hasattr(unittest_no_generic_services_pb2, "TestService"):
+      self.assertFalse(issubclass(unittest_no_generic_services_pb2.TestService,
+                                  service.Service))
+
+  def testMessageTypesByName(self):
+    file_type = unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2._TESTALLTYPES,
+        file_type.message_types_by_name[unittest_pb2._TESTALLTYPES.name])
+
+    # Nested messages shouldn't be included in the message_types_by_name
+    # dictionary (like in the C++ API).
+    self.assertFalse(
+        unittest_pb2._TESTALLTYPES_NESTEDMESSAGE.name in
+        file_type.message_types_by_name)
+
+  def testEnumTypesByName(self):
+    file_type = unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2._FOREIGNENUM,
+        file_type.enum_types_by_name[unittest_pb2._FOREIGNENUM.name])
+
+  def testExtensionsByName(self):
+    file_type = unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.my_extension_string,
+        file_type.extensions_by_name[unittest_pb2.my_extension_string.name])
+
+  def testPublicImports(self):
+    # Test public imports as embedded message.
+    all_type_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual(0, all_type_proto.optional_public_import_message.e)
+
+    # PublicImportMessage is actually defined in unittest_import_public_pb2
+    # module, and is public imported by unittest_import_pb2 module.
+    public_import_proto = unittest_import_pb2.PublicImportMessage()
+    self.assertEqual(0, public_import_proto.e)
+    self.assertTrue(unittest_import_public_pb2.PublicImportMessage is
+                    unittest_import_pb2.PublicImportMessage)
+
+  def testBadIdentifiers(self):
+    # We're just testing that the code was imported without problems.
+    message = test_bad_identifiers_pb2.TestBadIdentifiers()
+    self.assertEqual(message.Extensions[test_bad_identifiers_pb2.message],
+                     "foo")
+    self.assertEqual(message.Extensions[test_bad_identifiers_pb2.descriptor],
+                     "bar")
+    self.assertEqual(message.Extensions[test_bad_identifiers_pb2.reflection],
+                     "baz")
+    self.assertEqual(message.Extensions[test_bad_identifiers_pb2.service],
+                     "qux")
+
+  def testOneof(self):
+    desc = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(desc.oneofs))
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_field', desc.oneofs[0].name)
+    self.assertEqual(0, desc.oneofs[0].index)
+    self.assertIs(desc, desc.oneofs[0].containing_type)
+    self.assertIs(desc.oneofs[0], desc.oneofs_by_name['oneof_field'])
+    nested_names = set(['oneof_uint32', 'oneof_nested_message',
+                        'oneof_string', 'oneof_bytes'])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        nested_names,
+        set([field.name for field in desc.oneofs[0].fields]))
+    for field_name, field_desc in desc.fields_by_name.items():
+      if field_name in nested_names:
+        self.assertIs(desc.oneofs[0], field_desc.containing_oneof)
+      else:
+        self.assertIsNone(field_desc.containing_oneof)
+
+  def testEnumWithDupValue(self):
+    self.assertEqual('FOO1',
+                     unittest_pb2.TestEnumWithDupValue.Name(unittest_pb2.FOO1))
+    self.assertEqual('FOO1',
+                     unittest_pb2.TestEnumWithDupValue.Name(unittest_pb2.FOO2))
+    self.assertEqual('BAR1',
+                     unittest_pb2.TestEnumWithDupValue.Name(unittest_pb2.BAR1))
+    self.assertEqual('BAR1',
+                     unittest_pb2.TestEnumWithDupValue.Name(unittest_pb2.BAR2))
+
+
+class SymbolDatabaseRegistrationTest(unittest.TestCase):
+  """Checks that messages, enums and files are correctly registered."""
+
+  def testGetSymbol(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes, symbol_database.Default().GetSymbol(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes'))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage,
+        symbol_database.Default().GetSymbol(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage'))
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      symbol_database.Default().GetSymbol('protobuf_unittest.NestedMessage')
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup,
+        symbol_database.Default().GetSymbol(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup'))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup,
+        symbol_database.Default().GetSymbol(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup'))
+
+  def testEnums(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum',
+        symbol_database.Default().pool.FindEnumTypeByName(
+            'protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum').full_name)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum',
+        symbol_database.Default().pool.FindEnumTypeByName(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum').full_name)
+
+  def testFindFileByName(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'google/protobuf/unittest.proto',
+        symbol_database.Default().pool.FindFileByName(
+            'google/protobuf/unittest.proto').name)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5121dd0ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Sample module importing a nested proto from itself."""
+
+from google.protobuf.internal.import_test_package import outer_pb2 as myproto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/inner.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/inner.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2887c1230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/inner.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package google.protobuf.python.internal.import_test_package;
+
+message Inner {
+  optional int32 value = 1 [default = 57];
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/outer.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/outer.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a27fb5c8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/outer.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package google.protobuf.python.internal.import_test_package;
+
+import "google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/inner.proto";
+
+message Outer {
+  optional Inner inner = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/json_format_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/json_format_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3992f99b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/json_format_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1144 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Test for google.protobuf.json_format."""
+
+__author__ = 'jieluo@google.com (Jie Luo)'
+
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+from google.protobuf import any_pb2
+from google.protobuf import duration_pb2
+from google.protobuf import field_mask_pb2
+from google.protobuf import struct_pb2
+from google.protobuf import timestamp_pb2
+from google.protobuf import wrappers_pb2
+from google.protobuf import any_test_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_mset_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool
+from google.protobuf import json_format
+from google.protobuf.util import json_format_pb2
+from google.protobuf.util import json_format_proto3_pb2
+
+
+class JsonFormatBase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def FillAllFields(self, message):
+    message.int32_value = 20
+    message.int64_value = -20
+    message.uint32_value = 3120987654
+    message.uint64_value = 12345678900
+    message.float_value = float('-inf')
+    message.double_value = 3.1415
+    message.bool_value = True
+    message.string_value = 'foo'
+    message.bytes_value = b'bar'
+    message.message_value.value = 10
+    message.enum_value = json_format_proto3_pb2.BAR
+    # Repeated
+    message.repeated_int32_value.append(0x7FFFFFFF)
+    message.repeated_int32_value.append(-2147483648)
+    message.repeated_int64_value.append(9007199254740992)
+    message.repeated_int64_value.append(-9007199254740992)
+    message.repeated_uint32_value.append(0xFFFFFFF)
+    message.repeated_uint32_value.append(0x7FFFFFF)
+    message.repeated_uint64_value.append(9007199254740992)
+    message.repeated_uint64_value.append(9007199254740991)
+    message.repeated_float_value.append(0)
+
+    message.repeated_double_value.append(1E-15)
+    message.repeated_double_value.append(float('inf'))
+    message.repeated_bool_value.append(True)
+    message.repeated_bool_value.append(False)
+    message.repeated_string_value.append('Few symbols!#$,;')
+    message.repeated_string_value.append('bar')
+    message.repeated_bytes_value.append(b'foo')
+    message.repeated_bytes_value.append(b'bar')
+    message.repeated_message_value.add().value = 10
+    message.repeated_message_value.add().value = 11
+    message.repeated_enum_value.append(json_format_proto3_pb2.FOO)
+    message.repeated_enum_value.append(json_format_proto3_pb2.BAR)
+    self.message = message
+
+  def CheckParseBack(self, message, parsed_message):
+    json_format.Parse(json_format.MessageToJson(message),
+                      parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def CheckError(self, text, error_message):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        error_message,
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+
+
+class JsonFormatTest(JsonFormatBase):
+
+  def testEmptyMessageToJson(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    self.assertEqual(json_format.MessageToJson(message),
+                     '{}')
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testPartialMessageToJson(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage(
+        string_value='test',
+        repeated_int32_value=[89, 4])
+    self.assertEqual(json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message)),
+                     json.loads('{"stringValue": "test", '
+                                '"repeatedInt32Value": [89, 4]}'))
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testAllFieldsToJson(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    text = ('{"int32Value": 20, '
+            '"int64Value": "-20", '
+            '"uint32Value": 3120987654,'
+            '"uint64Value": "12345678900",'
+            '"floatValue": "-Infinity",'
+            '"doubleValue": 3.1415,'
+            '"boolValue": true,'
+            '"stringValue": "foo",'
+            '"bytesValue": "YmFy",'
+            '"messageValue": {"value": 10},'
+            '"enumValue": "BAR",'
+            '"repeatedInt32Value": [2147483647, -2147483648],'
+            '"repeatedInt64Value": ["9007199254740992", "-9007199254740992"],'
+            '"repeatedUint32Value": [268435455, 134217727],'
+            '"repeatedUint64Value": ["9007199254740992", "9007199254740991"],'
+            '"repeatedFloatValue": [0],'
+            '"repeatedDoubleValue": [1e-15, "Infinity"],'
+            '"repeatedBoolValue": [true, false],'
+            '"repeatedStringValue": ["Few symbols!#$,;", "bar"],'
+            '"repeatedBytesValue": ["Zm9v", "YmFy"],'
+            '"repeatedMessageValue": [{"value": 10}, {"value": 11}],'
+            '"repeatedEnumValue": ["FOO", "BAR"]'
+            '}')
+    self.FillAllFields(message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message)),
+        json.loads(text))
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    json_format.Parse(text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testUnknownEnumToJsonAndBack(self):
+    text = '{\n  "enumValue": 999\n}'
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    message.enum_value = 999
+    self.assertEqual(json_format.MessageToJson(message),
+                     text)
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    json_format.Parse(text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testExtensionToJsonAndBack(self):
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    ext1 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1.message_set_extension
+    ext2 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2.message_set_extension
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i = 23
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str = 'foo'
+    message_text = json_format.MessageToJson(
+        message
+    )
+    parsed_message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    json_format.Parse(message_text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testExtensionErrors(self):
+    self.CheckError('{"[extensionField]": {}}',
+                    'Message type proto3.TestMessage does not have extensions')
+
+  def testExtensionToDictAndBack(self):
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    ext1 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1.message_set_extension
+    ext2 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2.message_set_extension
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i = 23
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str = 'foo'
+    message_dict = json_format.MessageToDict(
+        message
+    )
+    parsed_message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    json_format.ParseDict(message_dict, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testExtensionToDictAndBackWithScalar(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    ext1 = unittest_pb2.TestNestedExtension.test
+    message.Extensions[ext1] = 'data'
+    message_dict = json_format.MessageToDict(
+        message
+    )
+    parsed_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    json_format.ParseDict(message_dict, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testJsonParseDictToAnyDoesNotAlterInput(self):
+    orig_dict = {
+        'int32Value': 20,
+        '@type': 'type.googleapis.com/proto3.TestMessage'
+    }
+    copied_dict = json.loads(json.dumps(orig_dict))
+    parsed_message = any_pb2.Any()
+    json_format.ParseDict(copied_dict, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(copied_dict, orig_dict)
+
+  def testExtensionSerializationDictMatchesProto3Spec(self):
+    """See go/proto3-json-spec for spec.
+    """
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    ext1 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1.message_set_extension
+    ext2 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2.message_set_extension
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i = 23
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str = 'foo'
+    message_dict = json_format.MessageToDict(
+        message
+    )
+    golden_dict = {
+        'messageSet': {
+            '[protobuf_unittest.'
+            'TestMessageSetExtension1.messageSetExtension]': {
+                'i': 23,
+            },
+            '[protobuf_unittest.'
+            'TestMessageSetExtension2.messageSetExtension]': {
+                'str': u'foo',
+            },
+        },
+    }
+    self.assertEqual(golden_dict, message_dict)
+
+  def testExtensionSerializationDictMatchesProto3SpecMore(self):
+    """See go/proto3-json-spec for spec.
+    """
+    message = json_format_pb2.TestMessageWithExtension()
+    ext = json_format_pb2.TestExtension.ext
+    message.Extensions[ext].value = 'stuff'
+    message_dict = json_format.MessageToDict(
+        message
+    )
+    expected_dict = {
+        '[protobuf_unittest.TestExtension.ext]': {
+            'value': u'stuff',
+        },
+    }
+    self.assertEqual(expected_dict, message_dict)
+
+
+  def testExtensionSerializationJsonMatchesProto3Spec(self):
+    """See go/proto3-json-spec for spec.
+    """
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    ext1 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1.message_set_extension
+    ext2 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2.message_set_extension
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i = 23
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str = 'foo'
+    message_text = json_format.MessageToJson(
+        message
+    )
+    ext1_text = ('protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1.'
+                 'messageSetExtension')
+    ext2_text = ('protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension2.'
+                 'messageSetExtension')
+    golden_text = ('{"messageSet": {'
+                   '    "[%s]": {'
+                   '        "i": 23'
+                   '    },'
+                   '    "[%s]": {'
+                   '        "str": "foo"'
+                   '    }'
+                   '}}') % (ext1_text, ext2_text)
+    self.assertEqual(json.loads(golden_text), json.loads(message_text))
+
+
+  def testJsonEscapeString(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+      message.string_value = '&\n<\"\r>\b\t\f\\\001/\xe2\x80\xa8\xe2\x80\xa9'
+    else:
+      message.string_value = '&\n<\"\r>\b\t\f\\\001/'
+      message.string_value += (b'\xe2\x80\xa8\xe2\x80\xa9').decode('utf-8')
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json_format.MessageToJson(message),
+        '{\n  "stringValue": '
+        '"&\\n<\\\"\\r>\\b\\t\\f\\\\\\u0001/\\u2028\\u2029"\n}')
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+    text = u'{"int32Value": "\u0031"}'
+    json_format.Parse(text, message)
+    self.assertEqual(message.int32_value, 1)
+
+  def testAlwaysSeriliaze(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage(
+        string_value='foo')
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, True)),
+        json.loads('{'
+                   '"repeatedStringValue": [],'
+                   '"stringValue": "foo",'
+                   '"repeatedBoolValue": [],'
+                   '"repeatedUint32Value": [],'
+                   '"repeatedInt32Value": [],'
+                   '"enumValue": "FOO",'
+                   '"int32Value": 0,'
+                   '"floatValue": 0,'
+                   '"int64Value": "0",'
+                   '"uint32Value": 0,'
+                   '"repeatedBytesValue": [],'
+                   '"repeatedUint64Value": [],'
+                   '"repeatedDoubleValue": [],'
+                   '"bytesValue": "",'
+                   '"boolValue": false,'
+                   '"repeatedEnumValue": [],'
+                   '"uint64Value": "0",'
+                   '"doubleValue": 0,'
+                   '"repeatedFloatValue": [],'
+                   '"repeatedInt64Value": [],'
+                   '"repeatedMessageValue": []}'))
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testIntegersRepresentedAsFloat(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    json_format.Parse('{"int32Value": -2.147483648e9}', message)
+    self.assertEqual(message.int32_value, -2147483648)
+    json_format.Parse('{"int32Value": 1e5}', message)
+    self.assertEqual(message.int32_value, 100000)
+    json_format.Parse('{"int32Value": 1.0}', message)
+    self.assertEqual(message.int32_value, 1)
+
+  def testMapFields(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestNestedMap()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, True)),
+        json.loads('{'
+                   '"boolMap": {},'
+                   '"int32Map": {},'
+                   '"int64Map": {},'
+                   '"uint32Map": {},'
+                   '"uint64Map": {},'
+                   '"stringMap": {},'
+                   '"mapMap": {}'
+                   '}'))
+    message.bool_map[True] = 1
+    message.bool_map[False] = 2
+    message.int32_map[1] = 2
+    message.int32_map[2] = 3
+    message.int64_map[1] = 2
+    message.int64_map[2] = 3
+    message.uint32_map[1] = 2
+    message.uint32_map[2] = 3
+    message.uint64_map[1] = 2
+    message.uint64_map[2] = 3
+    message.string_map['1'] = 2
+    message.string_map['null'] = 3
+    message.map_map['1'].bool_map[True] = 3
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, False)),
+        json.loads('{'
+                   '"boolMap": {"false": 2, "true": 1},'
+                   '"int32Map": {"1": 2, "2": 3},'
+                   '"int64Map": {"1": 2, "2": 3},'
+                   '"uint32Map": {"1": 2, "2": 3},'
+                   '"uint64Map": {"1": 2, "2": 3},'
+                   '"stringMap": {"1": 2, "null": 3},'
+                   '"mapMap": {"1": {"boolMap": {"true": 3}}}'
+                   '}'))
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestNestedMap()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testOneofFields(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestOneof()
+    # Always print does not affect oneof fields.
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json_format.MessageToJson(message, True),
+        '{}')
+    message.oneof_int32_value = 0
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json_format.MessageToJson(message, True),
+        '{\n'
+        '  "oneofInt32Value": 0\n'
+        '}')
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestOneof()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testSurrogates(self):
+    # Test correct surrogate handling.
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    json_format.Parse('{"stringValue": "\\uD83D\\uDE01"}', message)
+    self.assertEqual(message.string_value,
+                     b'\xF0\x9F\x98\x81'.decode('utf-8', 'strict'))
+
+    # Error case: unpaired high surrogate.
+    self.CheckError(
+        '{"stringValue": "\\uD83D"}',
+        r'Invalid \\uXXXX escape|Unpaired.*surrogate')
+
+    # Unpaired low surrogate.
+    self.CheckError(
+        '{"stringValue": "\\uDE01"}',
+        r'Invalid \\uXXXX escape|Unpaired.*surrogate')
+
+  def testTimestampMessage(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestTimestamp()
+    message.value.seconds = 0
+    message.value.nanos = 0
+    message.repeated_value.add().seconds = 20
+    message.repeated_value[0].nanos = 1
+    message.repeated_value.add().seconds = 0
+    message.repeated_value[1].nanos = 10000
+    message.repeated_value.add().seconds = 100000000
+    message.repeated_value[2].nanos = 0
+    # Maximum time
+    message.repeated_value.add().seconds = 253402300799
+    message.repeated_value[3].nanos = 999999999
+    # Minimum time
+    message.repeated_value.add().seconds = -62135596800
+    message.repeated_value[4].nanos = 0
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, True)),
+        json.loads('{'
+                   '"value": "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z",'
+                   '"repeatedValue": ['
+                   '  "1970-01-01T00:00:20.000000001Z",'
+                   '  "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000010Z",'
+                   '  "1973-03-03T09:46:40Z",'
+                   '  "9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z",'
+                   '  "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"'
+                   ']'
+                   '}'))
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestTimestamp()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+    text = (r'{"value": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.01+08:00",'
+            r'"repeatedValue":['
+            r'  "1970-01-01T00:00:00.01+08:30",'
+            r'  "1970-01-01T00:00:00.01-01:23"]}')
+    json_format.Parse(text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(parsed_message.value.seconds, -8 * 3600)
+    self.assertEqual(parsed_message.value.nanos, 10000000)
+    self.assertEqual(parsed_message.repeated_value[0].seconds, -8.5 * 3600)
+    self.assertEqual(parsed_message.repeated_value[1].seconds, 3600 + 23 * 60)
+
+  def testDurationMessage(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestDuration()
+    message.value.seconds = 1
+    message.repeated_value.add().seconds = 0
+    message.repeated_value[0].nanos = 10
+    message.repeated_value.add().seconds = -1
+    message.repeated_value[1].nanos = -1000
+    message.repeated_value.add().seconds = 10
+    message.repeated_value[2].nanos = 11000000
+    message.repeated_value.add().seconds = -315576000000
+    message.repeated_value.add().seconds = 315576000000
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, True)),
+        json.loads('{'
+                   '"value": "1s",'
+                   '"repeatedValue": ['
+                   '  "0.000000010s",'
+                   '  "-1.000001s",'
+                   '  "10.011s",'
+                   '  "-315576000000s",'
+                   '  "315576000000s"'
+                   ']'
+                   '}'))
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestDuration()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testFieldMaskMessage(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestFieldMask()
+    message.value.paths.append('foo.bar')
+    message.value.paths.append('bar')
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json_format.MessageToJson(message, True),
+        '{\n'
+        '  "value": "foo.bar,bar"\n'
+        '}')
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestFieldMask()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+    message.value.Clear()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json_format.MessageToJson(message, True),
+        '{\n'
+        '  "value": ""\n'
+        '}')
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testWrapperMessage(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestWrapper()
+    message.bool_value.value = False
+    message.int32_value.value = 0
+    message.string_value.value = ''
+    message.bytes_value.value = b''
+    message.repeated_bool_value.add().value = True
+    message.repeated_bool_value.add().value = False
+    message.repeated_int32_value.add()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, True)),
+        json.loads('{\n'
+                   '  "int32Value": 0,'
+                   '  "boolValue": false,'
+                   '  "stringValue": "",'
+                   '  "bytesValue": "",'
+                   '  "repeatedBoolValue": [true, false],'
+                   '  "repeatedInt32Value": [0],'
+                   '  "repeatedUint32Value": [],'
+                   '  "repeatedFloatValue": [],'
+                   '  "repeatedDoubleValue": [],'
+                   '  "repeatedBytesValue": [],'
+                   '  "repeatedInt64Value": [],'
+                   '  "repeatedUint64Value": [],'
+                   '  "repeatedStringValue": []'
+                   '}'))
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestWrapper()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testStructMessage(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestStruct()
+    message.value['name'] = 'Jim'
+    message.value['age'] = 10
+    message.value['attend'] = True
+    message.value['email'] = None
+    message.value.get_or_create_struct('address')['city'] = 'SFO'
+    message.value['address']['house_number'] = 1024
+    message.value.get_or_create_struct('empty_struct')
+    message.value.get_or_create_list('empty_list')
+    struct_list = message.value.get_or_create_list('list')
+    struct_list.extend([6, 'seven', True, False, None])
+    struct_list.add_struct()['subkey2'] = 9
+    message.repeated_value.add()['age'] = 11
+    message.repeated_value.add()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, False)),
+        json.loads(
+            '{'
+            '  "value": {'
+            '    "address": {'
+            '      "city": "SFO", '
+            '      "house_number": 1024'
+            '    }, '
+            '    "empty_struct": {}, '
+            '    "empty_list": [], '
+            '    "age": 10, '
+            '    "name": "Jim", '
+            '    "attend": true, '
+            '    "email": null, '
+            '    "list": [6, "seven", true, false, null, {"subkey2": 9}]'
+            '  },'
+            '  "repeatedValue": [{"age": 11}, {}]'
+            '}'))
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestStruct()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+    # check for regression; this used to raise
+    parsed_message.value['empty_struct']
+    parsed_message.value['empty_list']
+
+  def testValueMessage(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestValue()
+    message.value.string_value = 'hello'
+    message.repeated_value.add().number_value = 11.1
+    message.repeated_value.add().bool_value = False
+    message.repeated_value.add().null_value = 0
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, False)),
+        json.loads(
+            '{'
+            '  "value": "hello",'
+            '  "repeatedValue": [11.1, false, null]'
+            '}'))
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestValue()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+    # Can't parse back if the Value message is not set.
+    message.repeated_value.add()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, False)),
+        json.loads(
+            '{'
+            '  "value": "hello",'
+            '  "repeatedValue": [11.1, false, null, null]'
+            '}'))
+    message.Clear()
+    json_format.Parse('{"value": null}', message)
+    self.assertEqual(message.value.WhichOneof('kind'), 'null_value')
+
+  def testListValueMessage(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestListValue()
+    message.value.values.add().number_value = 11.1
+    message.value.values.add().null_value = 0
+    message.value.values.add().bool_value = True
+    message.value.values.add().string_value = 'hello'
+    message.value.values.add().struct_value['name'] = 'Jim'
+    message.repeated_value.add().values.add().number_value = 1
+    message.repeated_value.add()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, False)),
+        json.loads(
+            '{"value": [11.1, null, true, "hello", {"name": "Jim"}]\n,'
+            '"repeatedValue": [[1], []]}'))
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestListValue()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testAnyMessage(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestAny()
+    value1 = json_format_proto3_pb2.MessageType()
+    value2 = json_format_proto3_pb2.MessageType()
+    value1.value = 1234
+    value2.value = 5678
+    message.value.Pack(value1)
+    message.repeated_value.add().Pack(value1)
+    message.repeated_value.add().Pack(value2)
+    message.repeated_value.add()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, True)),
+        json.loads(
+            '{\n'
+            '  "repeatedValue": [ {\n'
+            '    "@type": "type.googleapis.com/proto3.MessageType",\n'
+            '    "value": 1234\n'
+            '  }, {\n'
+            '    "@type": "type.googleapis.com/proto3.MessageType",\n'
+            '    "value": 5678\n'
+            '  },\n'
+            '  {}],\n'
+            '  "value": {\n'
+            '    "@type": "type.googleapis.com/proto3.MessageType",\n'
+            '    "value": 1234\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n'))
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestAny()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+    # Must print @type first
+    test_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage(
+        bool_value=True,
+        int32_value=20,
+        int64_value=-20,
+        uint32_value=20,
+        uint64_value=20,
+        double_value=3.14,
+        string_value='foo')
+    message.Clear()
+    message.value.Pack(test_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json_format.MessageToJson(message, False)[0:68],
+        '{\n'
+        '  "value": {\n'
+        '    "@type": "type.googleapis.com/proto3.TestMessage"')
+
+  def testAnyMessageDescriptorPoolMissingType(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    packed_message.data = 'string'
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    message.any_value.Pack(packed_message)
+    empty_pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+      json_format.MessageToJson(message, True, descriptor_pool=empty_pool)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'Can not find message descriptor by type_url:'
+        ' type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString.',
+        str(cm.exception))
+
+  def testWellKnownInAnyMessage(self):
+    message = any_pb2.Any()
+    int32_value = wrappers_pb2.Int32Value()
+    int32_value.value = 1234
+    message.Pack(int32_value)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, True)),
+        json.loads(
+            '{\n'
+            '  "@type": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value\",\n'
+            '  "value": 1234\n'
+            '}\n'))
+    parsed_message = any_pb2.Any()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+    timestamp = timestamp_pb2.Timestamp()
+    message.Pack(timestamp)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, True)),
+        json.loads(
+            '{\n'
+            '  "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp",\n'
+            '  "value": "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"\n'
+            '}\n'))
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+    duration = duration_pb2.Duration()
+    duration.seconds = 1
+    message.Pack(duration)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, True)),
+        json.loads(
+            '{\n'
+            '  "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration",\n'
+            '  "value": "1s"\n'
+            '}\n'))
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+    field_mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    field_mask.paths.append('foo.bar')
+    field_mask.paths.append('bar')
+    message.Pack(field_mask)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, True)),
+        json.loads(
+            '{\n'
+            '  "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask",\n'
+            '  "value": "foo.bar,bar"\n'
+            '}\n'))
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+    struct_message = struct_pb2.Struct()
+    struct_message['name'] = 'Jim'
+    message.Pack(struct_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, True)),
+        json.loads(
+            '{\n'
+            '  "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Struct",\n'
+            '  "value": {"name": "Jim"}\n'
+            '}\n'))
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+    nested_any = any_pb2.Any()
+    int32_value.value = 5678
+    nested_any.Pack(int32_value)
+    message.Pack(nested_any)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(message, True)),
+        json.loads(
+            '{\n'
+            '  "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any",\n'
+            '  "value": {\n'
+            '    "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value",\n'
+            '    "value": 5678\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n'))
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testParseNull(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    self.FillAllFields(parsed_message)
+    json_format.Parse('{"int32Value": null, '
+                      '"int64Value": null, '
+                      '"uint32Value": null,'
+                      '"uint64Value": null,'
+                      '"floatValue": null,'
+                      '"doubleValue": null,'
+                      '"boolValue": null,'
+                      '"stringValue": null,'
+                      '"bytesValue": null,'
+                      '"messageValue": null,'
+                      '"enumValue": null,'
+                      '"repeatedInt32Value": null,'
+                      '"repeatedInt64Value": null,'
+                      '"repeatedUint32Value": null,'
+                      '"repeatedUint64Value": null,'
+                      '"repeatedFloatValue": null,'
+                      '"repeatedDoubleValue": null,'
+                      '"repeatedBoolValue": null,'
+                      '"repeatedStringValue": null,'
+                      '"repeatedBytesValue": null,'
+                      '"repeatedMessageValue": null,'
+                      '"repeatedEnumValue": null'
+                      '}',
+                      parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+    # Null and {} should have different behavior for sub message.
+    self.assertFalse(parsed_message.HasField('message_value'))
+    json_format.Parse('{"messageValue": {}}', parsed_message)
+    self.assertTrue(parsed_message.HasField('message_value'))
+    # Null is not allowed to be used as an element in repeated field.
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        'Failed to parse repeatedInt32Value field: '
+        'null is not allowed to be used as an element in a repeated field.',
+        json_format.Parse,
+        '{"repeatedInt32Value":[1, null]}',
+        parsed_message)
+    self.CheckError('{"repeatedMessageValue":[null]}',
+                    'Failed to parse repeatedMessageValue field: null is not'
+                    ' allowed to be used as an element in a repeated field.')
+
+  def testNanFloat(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    message.float_value = float('nan')
+    text = '{\n  "floatValue": "NaN"\n}'
+    self.assertEqual(json_format.MessageToJson(message), text)
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    json_format.Parse(text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertTrue(math.isnan(parsed_message.float_value))
+
+  def testParseDoubleToFloat(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    text = ('{"repeatedFloatValue": [3.4028235e+39, 1.4028235e-39]\n}')
+    json_format.Parse(text, message)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_float_value[0], float('inf'))
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(message.repeated_float_value[1], 1.4028235e-39)
+
+  def testFloatPrecision(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    message.float_value = 1.123456789
+    # Set to 7 valid digits.
+    text = '{\n  "floatValue": 1.123457\n}'
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json_format.MessageToJson(message, float_precision=7), text)
+
+  def testParseEmptyText(self):
+    self.CheckError('',
+                    r'Failed to load JSON: (Expecting value)|(No JSON).')
+
+  def testParseEnumValue(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    text = '{"enumValue": 0}'
+    json_format.Parse(text, message)
+    text = '{"enumValue": 1}'
+    json_format.Parse(text, message)
+    self.CheckError(
+        '{"enumValue": "baz"}',
+        'Failed to parse enumValue field: Invalid enum value baz '
+        'for enum type proto3.EnumType.')
+    # Proto3 accepts numeric unknown enums.
+    text = '{"enumValue": 12345}'
+    json_format.Parse(text, message)
+    # Proto2 does not accept unknown enums.
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        'Failed to parse optionalNestedEnum field: Invalid enum value 12345 '
+        'for enum type protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.',
+        json_format.Parse, '{"optionalNestedEnum": 12345}', message)
+
+  def testParseBadIdentifer(self):
+    self.CheckError('{int32Value: 1}',
+                    (r'Failed to load JSON: Expecting property name'
+                     r'( enclosed in double quotes)?: line 1'))
+    self.CheckError('{"unknownName": 1}',
+                    'Message type "proto3.TestMessage" has no field named '
+                    '"unknownName".')
+
+  def testIgnoreUnknownField(self):
+    text = '{"unknownName": 1}'
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    json_format.Parse(text, parsed_message, ignore_unknown_fields=True)
+    text = ('{\n'
+            '  "repeatedValue": [ {\n'
+            '    "@type": "type.googleapis.com/proto3.MessageType",\n'
+            '    "unknownName": 1\n'
+            '  }]\n'
+            '}\n')
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestAny()
+    json_format.Parse(text, parsed_message, ignore_unknown_fields=True)
+
+  def testDuplicateField(self):
+    self.CheckError('{"int32Value": 1,\n"int32Value":2}',
+                    'Failed to load JSON: duplicate key int32Value.')
+
+  def testInvalidBoolValue(self):
+    self.CheckError('{"boolValue": 1}',
+                    'Failed to parse boolValue field: '
+                    'Expected true or false without quotes.')
+    self.CheckError('{"boolValue": "true"}',
+                    'Failed to parse boolValue field: '
+                    'Expected true or false without quotes.')
+
+  def testInvalidIntegerValue(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    text = '{"int32Value": 0x12345}'
+    self.assertRaises(json_format.ParseError,
+                      json_format.Parse, text, message)
+    self.CheckError('{"int32Value": 1.5}',
+                    'Failed to parse int32Value field: '
+                    'Couldn\'t parse integer: 1.5.')
+    self.CheckError('{"int32Value": 012345}',
+                    (r'Failed to load JSON: Expecting \'?,\'? delimiter: '
+                     r'line 1.'))
+    self.CheckError('{"int32Value": " 1 "}',
+                    'Failed to parse int32Value field: '
+                    'Couldn\'t parse integer: " 1 ".')
+    self.CheckError('{"int32Value": "1 "}',
+                    'Failed to parse int32Value field: '
+                    'Couldn\'t parse integer: "1 ".')
+    self.CheckError('{"int32Value": 12345678901234567890}',
+                    'Failed to parse int32Value field: Value out of range: '
+                    '12345678901234567890.')
+    self.CheckError('{"uint32Value": -1}',
+                    'Failed to parse uint32Value field: '
+                    'Value out of range: -1.')
+
+  def testInvalidFloatValue(self):
+    self.CheckError('{"floatValue": "nan"}',
+                    'Failed to parse floatValue field: Couldn\'t '
+                    'parse float "nan", use "NaN" instead.')
+
+  def testInvalidBytesValue(self):
+    self.CheckError('{"bytesValue": "AQI"}',
+                    'Failed to parse bytesValue field: Incorrect padding.')
+    self.CheckError('{"bytesValue": "AQI*"}',
+                    'Failed to parse bytesValue field: Incorrect padding.')
+
+  def testInvalidRepeated(self):
+    self.CheckError('{"repeatedInt32Value": 12345}',
+                    (r'Failed to parse repeatedInt32Value field: repeated field'
+                     r' repeatedInt32Value must be in \[\] which is 12345.'))
+
+  def testInvalidMap(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMap()
+    text = '{"int32Map": {"null": 2, "2": 3}}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        'Failed to parse int32Map field: invalid literal',
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+    text = '{"int32Map": {1: 2, "2": 3}}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        (r'Failed to load JSON: Expecting property name'
+         r'( enclosed in double quotes)?: line 1'),
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+    text = '{"boolMap": {"null": 1}}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        'Failed to parse boolMap field: Expected "true" or "false", not null.',
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+    if sys.version_info < (2, 7):
+      return
+    text = r'{"stringMap": {"a": 3, "\u0061": 2}}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        'Failed to load JSON: duplicate key a',
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+    text = r'{"stringMap": 0}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        'Failed to parse stringMap field: Map field string_map must be '
+        'in a dict which is 0.',
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+
+  def testInvalidTimestamp(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestTimestamp()
+    text = '{"value": "10000-01-01T00:00:00.00Z"}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        'Failed to parse value field: '
+        'time data \'10000-01-01T00:00:00\' does not match'
+        ' format \'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S\'.',
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+    text = '{"value": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.0123456789012Z"}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        'nanos 0123456789012 more than 9 fractional digits.',
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+    text = '{"value": "1972-01-01T01:00:00.01+08"}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        (r'Invalid timezone offset value: \+08.'),
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+    # Time smaller than minimum time.
+    text = '{"value": "0000-01-01T00:00:00Z"}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        'Failed to parse value field: year (0 )?is out of range.',
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+    # Time bigger than maxinum time.
+    message.value.seconds = 253402300800
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        OverflowError,
+        'date value out of range',
+        json_format.MessageToJson, message)
+
+  def testInvalidOneof(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestOneof()
+    text = '{"oneofInt32Value": 1, "oneofStringValue": "2"}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        'Message type "proto3.TestOneof"'
+        ' should not have multiple "oneof_value" oneof fields.',
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+
+  def testInvalidListValue(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestListValue()
+    text = '{"value": 1234}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        r'Failed to parse value field: ListValue must be in \[\] which is 1234',
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+
+  def testInvalidStruct(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestStruct()
+    text = '{"value": 1234}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        'Failed to parse value field: Struct must be in a dict which is 1234',
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+
+  def testInvalidAny(self):
+    message = any_pb2.Any()
+    text = '{"@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value"}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        KeyError,
+        'value',
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+    text = '{"value": 1234}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        json_format.ParseError,
+        '@type is missing when parsing any message.',
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+    text = '{"@type": "type.googleapis.com/MessageNotExist", "value": 1234}'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        TypeError,
+        'Can not find message descriptor by type_url: '
+        'type.googleapis.com/MessageNotExist.',
+        json_format.Parse, text, message)
+    # Only last part is to be used: b/25630112
+    text = (r'{"@type": "incorrect.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value",'
+            r'"value": 1234}')
+    json_format.Parse(text, message)
+
+  def testPreservingProtoFieldNames(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    message.int32_value = 12345
+    self.assertEqual('{\n  "int32Value": 12345\n}',
+                     json_format.MessageToJson(message))
+    self.assertEqual('{\n  "int32_value": 12345\n}',
+                     json_format.MessageToJson(message, False, True))
+    # When including_default_value_fields is True.
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestTimestamp()
+    self.assertEqual('{\n  "repeatedValue": []\n}',
+                     json_format.MessageToJson(message, True, False))
+    self.assertEqual('{\n  "repeated_value": []\n}',
+                     json_format.MessageToJson(message, True, True))
+
+    # Parsers accept both original proto field names and lowerCamelCase names.
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    json_format.Parse('{"int32Value": 54321}', message)
+    self.assertEqual(54321, message.int32_value)
+    json_format.Parse('{"int32_value": 12345}', message)
+    self.assertEqual(12345, message.int32_value)
+
+  def testIndent(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    message.int32_value = 12345
+    self.assertEqual('{\n"int32Value": 12345\n}',
+                     json_format.MessageToJson(message, indent=0))
+
+  def testFormatEnumsAsInts(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    message.enum_value = json_format_proto3_pb2.BAR
+    message.repeated_enum_value.append(json_format_proto3_pb2.FOO)
+    message.repeated_enum_value.append(json_format_proto3_pb2.BAR)
+    self.assertEqual(json.loads('{\n'
+                                '  "enumValue": 1,\n'
+                                '  "repeatedEnumValue": [0, 1]\n'
+                                '}\n'),
+                     json.loads(json_format.MessageToJson(
+                         message, use_integers_for_enums=True)))
+
+  def testParseDict(self):
+    expected = 12345
+    js_dict = {'int32Value': expected}
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    json_format.ParseDict(js_dict, message)
+    self.assertEqual(expected, message.int32_value)
+
+  def testParseDictAnyDescriptorPoolMissingType(self):
+    # Confirm that ParseDict does not raise ParseError with default pool
+    js_dict = {
+        'any_value': {
+            '@type': 'type.googleapis.com/proto3.MessageType',
+            'value': 1234
+        }
+    }
+    json_format.ParseDict(js_dict, any_test_pb2.TestAny())
+    # Check ParseDict raises ParseError with empty pool
+    js_dict = {
+        'any_value': {
+            '@type': 'type.googleapis.com/proto3.MessageType',
+            'value': 1234
+        }
+    }
+    with self.assertRaises(json_format.ParseError) as cm:
+      empty_pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+      json_format.ParseDict(js_dict,
+                            any_test_pb2.TestAny(),
+                            descriptor_pool=empty_pool)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        str(cm.exception),
+        'Failed to parse any_value field: Can not find message descriptor by'
+        ' type_url: type.googleapis.com/proto3.MessageType..')
+
+  def testMessageToDict(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    message.int32_value = 12345
+    expected = {'int32Value': 12345}
+    self.assertEqual(expected,
+                     json_format.MessageToDict(message))
+
+  def testJsonName(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestCustomJsonName()
+    message.value = 12345
+    self.assertEqual('{\n  "@value": 12345\n}',
+                     json_format.MessageToJson(message))
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestCustomJsonName()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testSortKeys(self):
+    # Testing sort_keys is not perfectly working, as by random luck we could
+    # get the output sorted. We just use a selection of names.
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage(bool_value=True,
+                                                 int32_value=1,
+                                                 int64_value=3,
+                                                 uint32_value=4,
+                                                 string_value='bla')
+    self.assertEqual(
+        json_format.MessageToJson(message, sort_keys=True),
+        # We use json.dumps() instead of a hardcoded string due to differences
+        # between Python 2 and Python 3.
+        json.dumps({'boolValue': True, 'int32Value': 1, 'int64Value': '3',
+                    'uint32Value': 4, 'stringValue': 'bla'},
+                   indent=2, sort_keys=True))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/keywords_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/keywords_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..87449280a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/keywords_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests for google.protobuf.internal.keywords."""
+
+import unittest
+
+
+from google.protobuf.internal import more_messages_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool
+
+
+class KeywordsConflictTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    super(KeywordsConflictTest, self).setUp()
+    self.pool = descriptor_pool.Default()
+
+  def testMessage(self):
+    message = getattr(more_messages_pb2, 'class')()
+    message.int_field = 123
+    self.assertEqual(message.int_field, 123)
+    des = self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName('google.protobuf.internal.class')
+    self.assertEqual(des.name, 'class')
+
+  def testNestedMessage(self):
+    message = getattr(more_messages_pb2, 'class')()
+    message.nested_message.field = 234
+    self.assertEqual(message.nested_message.field, 234)
+    des = self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName('google.protobuf.internal.class.try')
+    self.assertEqual(des.name, 'try')
+
+  def testField(self):
+    message = getattr(more_messages_pb2, 'class')()
+    setattr(message, 'if', 123)
+    setattr(message, 'as', 1)
+    self.assertEqual(getattr(message, 'if'), 123)
+    self.assertEqual(getattr(message, 'as'), 1)
+
+  def testEnum(self):
+    class_ = getattr(more_messages_pb2, 'class')
+    message = class_()
+    # Normal enum value.
+    message.enum_field = more_messages_pb2.default
+    self.assertEqual(message.enum_field, more_messages_pb2.default)
+    # Top level enum value.
+    message.enum_field = getattr(more_messages_pb2, 'else')
+    self.assertEqual(message.enum_field, 1)
+    # Nested enum value
+    message.nested_enum_field = getattr(class_, 'True')
+    self.assertEqual(message.nested_enum_field, 1)
+
+  def testExtension(self):
+    message = getattr(more_messages_pb2, 'class')()
+    # Top level extension
+    extension1 = getattr(more_messages_pb2, 'continue')
+    message.Extensions[extension1] = 456
+    self.assertEqual(message.Extensions[extension1], 456)
+    # None top level extension
+    extension2 = getattr(more_messages_pb2.ExtendClass, 'return')
+    message.Extensions[extension2] = 789
+    self.assertEqual(message.Extensions[extension2], 789)
+
+  def testExtensionForNestedMessage(self):
+    message = getattr(more_messages_pb2, 'class')()
+    extension = getattr(more_messages_pb2, 'with')
+    message.nested_message.Extensions[extension] = 999
+    self.assertEqual(message.nested_message.Extensions[extension], 999)
+
+  def TestFullKeywordUsed(self):
+    message = more_messages_pb2.TestFullKeyword()
+    message.field2.int_field = 123
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_factory_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_factory_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24b79ecc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_factory_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests for google.protobuf.message_factory."""
+
+__author__ = 'matthewtoia@google.com (Matt Toia)'
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+from google.protobuf.internal import factory_test1_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import factory_test2_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import testing_refleaks
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_database
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool
+from google.protobuf import message_factory
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class MessageFactoryTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.factory_test1_fd = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        factory_test1_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+    self.factory_test2_fd = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto.FromString(
+        factory_test2_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.serialized_pb)
+
+  def _ExerciseDynamicClass(self, cls):
+    msg = cls()
+    msg.mandatory = 42
+    msg.nested_factory_2_enum = 0
+    msg.nested_factory_2_message.value = 'nested message value'
+    msg.factory_1_message.factory_1_enum = 1
+    msg.factory_1_message.nested_factory_1_enum = 0
+    msg.factory_1_message.nested_factory_1_message.value = (
+        'nested message value')
+    msg.factory_1_message.scalar_value = 22
+    msg.factory_1_message.list_value.extend([u'one', u'two', u'three'])
+    msg.factory_1_message.list_value.append(u'four')
+    msg.factory_1_enum = 1
+    msg.nested_factory_1_enum = 0
+    msg.nested_factory_1_message.value = 'nested message value'
+    msg.circular_message.mandatory = 1
+    msg.circular_message.circular_message.mandatory = 2
+    msg.circular_message.scalar_value = 'one deep'
+    msg.scalar_value = 'zero deep'
+    msg.list_value.extend([u'four', u'three', u'two'])
+    msg.list_value.append(u'one')
+    msg.grouped.add()
+    msg.grouped[0].part_1 = 'hello'
+    msg.grouped[0].part_2 = 'world'
+    msg.grouped.add(part_1='testing', part_2='123')
+    msg.loop.loop.mandatory = 2
+    msg.loop.loop.loop.loop.mandatory = 4
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString()
+    converted = factory_test2_pb2.Factory2Message.FromString(serialized)
+    reserialized = converted.SerializeToString()
+    self.assertEqual(serialized, reserialized)
+    result = cls.FromString(reserialized)
+    self.assertEqual(msg, result)
+
+  def testGetPrototype(self):
+    db = descriptor_database.DescriptorDatabase()
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool(db)
+    db.Add(self.factory_test1_fd)
+    db.Add(self.factory_test2_fd)
+    factory = message_factory.MessageFactory()
+    cls = factory.GetPrototype(pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message'))
+    self.assertFalse(cls is factory_test2_pb2.Factory2Message)
+    self._ExerciseDynamicClass(cls)
+    cls2 = factory.GetPrototype(pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+        'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message'))
+    self.assertTrue(cls is cls2)
+
+  def testGetMessages(self):
+    # performed twice because multiple calls with the same input must be allowed
+    for _ in range(2):
+      # GetMessage should work regardless of the order the FileDescriptorProto
+      # are provided. In particular, the function should succeed when the files
+      # are not in the topological order of dependencies.
+
+      # Assuming factory_test2_fd depends on factory_test1_fd.
+      self.assertIn(self.factory_test1_fd.name,
+                    self.factory_test2_fd.dependency)
+      # Get messages should work when a file comes before its dependencies:
+      # factory_test2_fd comes before factory_test1_fd.
+      messages = message_factory.GetMessages([self.factory_test2_fd,
+                                              self.factory_test1_fd])
+      self.assertTrue(
+          set(['google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message',
+               'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message'],
+             ).issubset(set(messages.keys())))
+      self._ExerciseDynamicClass(
+          messages['google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message'])
+      factory_msg1 = messages['google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message']
+      self.assertTrue(set(
+          ['google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message.one_more_field',
+           'google.protobuf.python.internal.another_field'],).issubset(set(
+               ext.full_name
+               for ext in factory_msg1.DESCRIPTOR.file.pool.FindAllExtensions(
+                   factory_msg1.DESCRIPTOR))))
+      msg1 = messages['google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message']()
+      ext1 = msg1.Extensions._FindExtensionByName(
+          'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory2Message.one_more_field')
+      ext2 = msg1.Extensions._FindExtensionByName(
+          'google.protobuf.python.internal.another_field')
+      self.assertEqual(0, len(msg1.Extensions))
+      msg1.Extensions[ext1] = 'test1'
+      msg1.Extensions[ext2] = 'test2'
+      self.assertEqual('test1', msg1.Extensions[ext1])
+      self.assertEqual('test2', msg1.Extensions[ext2])
+      self.assertEqual(None,
+                       msg1.Extensions._FindExtensionByNumber(12321))
+      self.assertEqual(2, len(msg1.Extensions))
+      if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+                          msg1.Extensions._FindExtensionByName, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+                          msg1.Extensions._FindExtensionByNumber, '')
+      else:
+        self.assertEqual(None,
+                         msg1.Extensions._FindExtensionByName(0))
+        self.assertEqual(None,
+                         msg1.Extensions._FindExtensionByNumber(''))
+
+  def testDuplicateExtensionNumber(self):
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    factory = message_factory.MessageFactory(pool=pool)
+
+    # Add Container message.
+    f = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    f.name = 'google/protobuf/internal/container.proto'
+    f.package = 'google.protobuf.python.internal'
+    msg = f.message_type.add()
+    msg.name = 'Container'
+    rng = msg.extension_range.add()
+    rng.start = 1
+    rng.end = 10
+    pool.Add(f)
+    msgs = factory.GetMessages([f.name])
+    self.assertIn('google.protobuf.python.internal.Container', msgs)
+
+    # Extend container.
+    f = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    f.name = 'google/protobuf/internal/extension.proto'
+    f.package = 'google.protobuf.python.internal'
+    f.dependency.append('google/protobuf/internal/container.proto')
+    msg = f.message_type.add()
+    msg.name = 'Extension'
+    ext = msg.extension.add()
+    ext.name = 'extension_field'
+    ext.number = 2
+    ext.label = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.LABEL_OPTIONAL
+    ext.type_name = 'Extension'
+    ext.extendee = 'Container'
+    pool.Add(f)
+    msgs = factory.GetMessages([f.name])
+    self.assertIn('google.protobuf.python.internal.Extension', msgs)
+
+    # Add Duplicate extending the same field number.
+    f = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    f.name = 'google/protobuf/internal/duplicate.proto'
+    f.package = 'google.protobuf.python.internal'
+    f.dependency.append('google/protobuf/internal/container.proto')
+    msg = f.message_type.add()
+    msg.name = 'Duplicate'
+    ext = msg.extension.add()
+    ext.name = 'extension_field'
+    ext.number = 2
+    ext.label = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.LABEL_OPTIONAL
+    ext.type_name = 'Duplicate'
+    ext.extendee = 'Container'
+    pool.Add(f)
+
+    with self.assertRaises(Exception) as cm:
+      factory.GetMessages([f.name])
+
+    self.assertIn(str(cm.exception),
+                  ['Extensions '
+                   '"google.protobuf.python.internal.Duplicate.extension_field" and'
+                   ' "google.protobuf.python.internal.Extension.extension_field"'
+                   ' both try to extend message type'
+                   ' "google.protobuf.python.internal.Container"'
+                   ' with field number 2.',
+                   'Double registration of Extensions'])
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_listener.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_listener.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0fc255a77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_listener.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Defines a listener interface for observing certain
+state transitions on Message objects.
+
+Also defines a null implementation of this interface.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+
+class MessageListener(object):
+
+  """Listens for modifications made to a message.  Meant to be registered via
+  Message._SetListener().
+
+  Attributes:
+    dirty:  If True, then calling Modified() would be a no-op.  This can be
+            used to avoid these calls entirely in the common case.
+  """
+
+  def Modified(self):
+    """Called every time the message is modified in such a way that the parent
+    message may need to be updated.  This currently means either:
+    (a) The message was modified for the first time, so the parent message
+        should henceforth mark the message as present.
+    (b) The message's cached byte size became dirty -- i.e. the message was
+        modified for the first time after a previous call to ByteSize().
+        Therefore the parent should also mark its byte size as dirty.
+    Note that (a) implies (b), since new objects start out with a client cached
+    size (zero).  However, we document (a) explicitly because it is important.
+
+    Modified() will *only* be called in response to one of these two events --
+    not every time the sub-message is modified.
+
+    Note that if the listener's |dirty| attribute is true, then calling
+    Modified at the moment would be a no-op, so it can be skipped.  Performance-
+    sensitive callers should check this attribute directly before calling since
+    it will be true most of the time.
+    """
+
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class NullMessageListener(object):
+
+  """No-op MessageListener implementation."""
+
+  def Modified(self):
+    pass
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_set_extensions.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_set_extensions.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14e5f1937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_set_extensions.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file contains messages that extend MessageSet.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+package google.protobuf.internal;
+
+
+// A message with message_set_wire_format.
+message TestMessageSet {
+  option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  extensions 4 to max;
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetExtension1 {
+  extend TestMessageSet {
+    optional TestMessageSetExtension1 message_set_extension = 98418603;
+  }
+  optional int32 i = 15;
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetExtension2 {
+  extend TestMessageSet {
+    optional TestMessageSetExtension2 message_set_extension = 98418634;
+  }
+  optional string str = 25;
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetExtension3 {
+  optional string text = 35;
+}
+
+extend TestMessageSet {
+  optional TestMessageSetExtension3 message_set_extension3 = 98418655;
+}
+
+// This message was used to generate
+// //net/proto2/python/internal/testdata/message_set_message, but is commented
+// out since it must not actually exist in code, to simulate an "unknown"
+// extension.
+// message TestMessageSetUnknownExtension {
+//   extend TestMessageSet {
+//     optional TestMessageSetUnknownExtension message_set_extension = 56141421;
+//   }
+//   optional int64 a = 1;
+// }
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f12b531f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2627 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests python protocol buffers against the golden message.
+
+Note that the golden messages exercise every known field type, thus this
+test ends up exercising and verifying nearly all of the parsing and
+serialization code in the whole library.
+
+TODO(kenton):  Merge with wire_format_test?  It doesn't make a whole lot of
+sense to call this a test of the "message" module, which only declares an
+abstract interface.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'gps@google.com (Gregory P. Smith)'
+
+
+import copy
+import math
+import operator
+import pickle
+import pydoc
+import six
+import sys
+import warnings
+
+try:
+  # Since python 3
+  import collections.abc as collections_abc
+except ImportError:
+  # Won't work after python 3.8
+  import collections as collections_abc
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  # PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+try:
+  cmp                                   # Python 2
+except NameError:
+  cmp = lambda x, y: (x > y) - (x < y)  # Python 3
+
+from google.protobuf import map_proto2_unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import map_unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_proto3_arena_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool
+from google.protobuf import message_factory
+from google.protobuf import text_format
+from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+from google.protobuf.internal import encoder
+from google.protobuf.internal import more_extensions_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import packed_field_test_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import test_util
+from google.protobuf.internal import testing_refleaks
+from google.protobuf import message
+from google.protobuf.internal import _parameterized
+
+UCS2_MAXUNICODE = 65535
+if six.PY3:
+  long = int
+
+
+# Python pre-2.6 does not have isinf() or isnan() functions, so we have
+# to provide our own.
+def isnan(val):
+  # NaN is never equal to itself.
+  return val != val
+def isinf(val):
+  # Infinity times zero equals NaN.
+  return not isnan(val) and isnan(val * 0)
+def IsPosInf(val):
+  return isinf(val) and (val > 0)
+def IsNegInf(val):
+  return isinf(val) and (val < 0)
+
+
+@_parameterized.named_parameters(
+    ('_proto2', unittest_pb2),
+    ('_proto3', unittest_proto3_arena_pb2))
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testBadUtf8String(self, message_module):
+    if api_implementation.Type() != 'python':
+      self.skipTest("Skipping testBadUtf8String, currently only the python "
+                    "api implementation raises UnicodeDecodeError when a "
+                    "string field contains bad utf-8.")
+    bad_utf8_data = test_util.GoldenFileData('bad_utf8_string')
+    with self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError) as context:
+      message_module.TestAllTypes.FromString(bad_utf8_data)
+    self.assertIn('TestAllTypes.optional_string', str(context.exception))
+
+  def testGoldenMessage(self, message_module):
+    # Proto3 doesn't have the "default_foo" members or foreign enums,
+    # and doesn't preserve unknown fields, so for proto3 we use a golden
+    # message that doesn't have these fields set.
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      golden_data = test_util.GoldenFileData(
+          'golden_message_oneof_implemented')
+    else:
+      golden_data = test_util.GoldenFileData('golden_message_proto3')
+
+    golden_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      test_util.ExpectAllFieldsSet(self, golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_message.SerializeToString())
+    golden_copy = copy.deepcopy(golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_copy.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testGoldenPackedMessage(self, message_module):
+    golden_data = test_util.GoldenFileData('golden_packed_fields_message')
+    golden_message = message_module.TestPackedTypes()
+    parsed_bytes = golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    all_set = message_module.TestPackedTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllPackedFields(all_set)
+    self.assertEqual(parsed_bytes, len(golden_data))
+    self.assertEqual(all_set, golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, all_set.SerializeToString())
+    golden_copy = copy.deepcopy(golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_copy.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testParseErrors(self, message_module):
+    msg = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, msg.FromString, 0)
+    self.assertRaises(Exception, msg.FromString, '0')
+    # TODO(jieluo): Fix cpp extension to raise error instead of warning.
+    # b/27494216
+    end_tag = encoder.TagBytes(1, 4)
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      with self.assertRaises(message.DecodeError) as context:
+        msg.FromString(end_tag)
+      self.assertEqual('Unexpected end-group tag.', str(context.exception))
+
+    # Field number 0 is illegal.
+    self.assertRaises(message.DecodeError, msg.FromString, b'\3\4')
+
+  def testDeterminismParameters(self, message_module):
+    # This message is always deterministically serialized, even if determinism
+    # is disabled, so we can use it to verify that all the determinism
+    # parameters work correctly.
+    golden_data = (b'\xe2\x02\nOne string'
+                   b'\xe2\x02\nTwo string'
+                   b'\xe2\x02\nRed string'
+                   b'\xe2\x02\x0bBlue string')
+    golden_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    golden_message.repeated_string.extend([
+        'One string',
+        'Two string',
+        'Red string',
+        'Blue string',
+    ])
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data,
+                     golden_message.SerializeToString(deterministic=None))
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data,
+                     golden_message.SerializeToString(deterministic=False))
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data,
+                     golden_message.SerializeToString(deterministic=True))
+
+    class BadArgError(Exception):
+      pass
+
+    class BadArg(object):
+
+      def __nonzero__(self):
+        raise BadArgError()
+
+      def __bool__(self):
+        raise BadArgError()
+
+    with self.assertRaises(BadArgError):
+      golden_message.SerializeToString(deterministic=BadArg())
+
+  def testPickleSupport(self, message_module):
+    golden_data = test_util.GoldenFileData('golden_message')
+    golden_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    pickled_message = pickle.dumps(golden_message)
+
+    unpickled_message = pickle.loads(pickled_message)
+    self.assertEqual(unpickled_message, golden_message)
+
+  def testPickleNestedMessage(self, message_module):
+    golden_message = message_module.TestPickleNestedMessage.NestedMessage(bb=1)
+    pickled_message = pickle.dumps(golden_message)
+    unpickled_message = pickle.loads(pickled_message)
+    self.assertEqual(unpickled_message, golden_message)
+
+  def testPickleNestedNestedMessage(self, message_module):
+    cls = message_module.TestPickleNestedMessage.NestedMessage
+    golden_message = cls.NestedNestedMessage(cc=1)
+    pickled_message = pickle.dumps(golden_message)
+    unpickled_message = pickle.loads(pickled_message)
+    self.assertEqual(unpickled_message, golden_message)
+
+  def testPositiveInfinity(self, message_module):
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      golden_data = (b'\x5D\x00\x00\x80\x7F'
+                     b'\x61\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\x7F'
+                     b'\xCD\x02\x00\x00\x80\x7F'
+                     b'\xD1\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\x7F')
+    else:
+      golden_data = (b'\x5D\x00\x00\x80\x7F'
+                     b'\x61\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\x7F'
+                     b'\xCA\x02\x04\x00\x00\x80\x7F'
+                     b'\xD2\x02\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\x7F')
+
+    golden_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    self.assertTrue(IsPosInf(golden_message.optional_float))
+    self.assertTrue(IsPosInf(golden_message.optional_double))
+    self.assertTrue(IsPosInf(golden_message.repeated_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(IsPosInf(golden_message.repeated_double[0]))
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_message.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testNegativeInfinity(self, message_module):
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      golden_data = (b'\x5D\x00\x00\x80\xFF'
+                     b'\x61\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\xFF'
+                     b'\xCD\x02\x00\x00\x80\xFF'
+                     b'\xD1\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\xFF')
+    else:
+      golden_data = (b'\x5D\x00\x00\x80\xFF'
+                     b'\x61\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\xFF'
+                     b'\xCA\x02\x04\x00\x00\x80\xFF'
+                     b'\xD2\x02\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\xFF')
+
+    golden_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    self.assertTrue(IsNegInf(golden_message.optional_float))
+    self.assertTrue(IsNegInf(golden_message.optional_double))
+    self.assertTrue(IsNegInf(golden_message.repeated_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(IsNegInf(golden_message.repeated_double[0]))
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_message.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testNotANumber(self, message_module):
+    golden_data = (b'\x5D\x00\x00\xC0\x7F'
+                   b'\x61\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF8\x7F'
+                   b'\xCD\x02\x00\x00\xC0\x7F'
+                   b'\xD1\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF8\x7F')
+    golden_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(golden_message.optional_float))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(golden_message.optional_double))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(golden_message.repeated_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(golden_message.repeated_double[0]))
+
+    # The protocol buffer may serialize to any one of multiple different
+    # representations of a NaN.  Rather than verify a specific representation,
+    # verify the serialized string can be converted into a correctly
+    # behaving protocol buffer.
+    serialized = golden_message.SerializeToString()
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.ParseFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.optional_float))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.optional_double))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.repeated_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.repeated_double[0]))
+
+  def testPositiveInfinityPacked(self, message_module):
+    golden_data = (b'\xA2\x06\x04\x00\x00\x80\x7F'
+                   b'\xAA\x06\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\x7F')
+    golden_message = message_module.TestPackedTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    self.assertTrue(IsPosInf(golden_message.packed_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(IsPosInf(golden_message.packed_double[0]))
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_message.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testNegativeInfinityPacked(self, message_module):
+    golden_data = (b'\xA2\x06\x04\x00\x00\x80\xFF'
+                   b'\xAA\x06\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF0\xFF')
+    golden_message = message_module.TestPackedTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    self.assertTrue(IsNegInf(golden_message.packed_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(IsNegInf(golden_message.packed_double[0]))
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_message.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testNotANumberPacked(self, message_module):
+    golden_data = (b'\xA2\x06\x04\x00\x00\xC0\x7F'
+                   b'\xAA\x06\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xF8\x7F')
+    golden_message = message_module.TestPackedTypes()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(golden_message.packed_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(golden_message.packed_double[0]))
+
+    serialized = golden_message.SerializeToString()
+    message = message_module.TestPackedTypes()
+    message.ParseFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.packed_float[0]))
+    self.assertTrue(isnan(message.packed_double[0]))
+
+  def testExtremeFloatValues(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+
+    # Most positive exponent, no significand bits set.
+    kMostPosExponentNoSigBits = math.pow(2, 127)
+    message.optional_float = kMostPosExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == kMostPosExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    # Most positive exponent, one significand bit set.
+    kMostPosExponentOneSigBit = 1.5 * math.pow(2, 127)
+    message.optional_float = kMostPosExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == kMostPosExponentOneSigBit)
+
+    # Repeat last two cases with values of same magnitude, but negative.
+    message.optional_float = -kMostPosExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == -kMostPosExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    message.optional_float = -kMostPosExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == -kMostPosExponentOneSigBit)
+
+    # Most negative exponent, no significand bits set.
+    kMostNegExponentNoSigBits = math.pow(2, -127)
+    message.optional_float = kMostNegExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == kMostNegExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    # Most negative exponent, one significand bit set.
+    kMostNegExponentOneSigBit = 1.5 * math.pow(2, -127)
+    message.optional_float = kMostNegExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == kMostNegExponentOneSigBit)
+
+    # Repeat last two cases with values of the same magnitude, but negative.
+    message.optional_float = -kMostNegExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == -kMostNegExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    message.optional_float = -kMostNegExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_float == -kMostNegExponentOneSigBit)
+
+    # Max 4 bytes float value
+    max_float = float.fromhex('0x1.fffffep+127')
+    message.optional_float = max_float
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(message.optional_float, max_float)
+    serialized_data = message.SerializeToString()
+    message.ParseFromString(serialized_data)
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(message.optional_float, max_float)
+
+    # Test set double to float field.
+    message.optional_float = 3.4028235e+39
+    self.assertEqual(message.optional_float, float('inf'))
+    serialized_data = message.SerializeToString()
+    message.ParseFromString(serialized_data)
+    self.assertEqual(message.optional_float, float('inf'))
+
+    message.optional_float = -3.4028235e+39
+    self.assertEqual(message.optional_float, float('-inf'))
+
+    message.optional_float = 1.4028235e-39
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(message.optional_float, 1.4028235e-39)
+
+  def testExtremeDoubleValues(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+
+    # Most positive exponent, no significand bits set.
+    kMostPosExponentNoSigBits = math.pow(2, 1023)
+    message.optional_double = kMostPosExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == kMostPosExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    # Most positive exponent, one significand bit set.
+    kMostPosExponentOneSigBit = 1.5 * math.pow(2, 1023)
+    message.optional_double = kMostPosExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == kMostPosExponentOneSigBit)
+
+    # Repeat last two cases with values of same magnitude, but negative.
+    message.optional_double = -kMostPosExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == -kMostPosExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    message.optional_double = -kMostPosExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == -kMostPosExponentOneSigBit)
+
+    # Most negative exponent, no significand bits set.
+    kMostNegExponentNoSigBits = math.pow(2, -1023)
+    message.optional_double = kMostNegExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == kMostNegExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    # Most negative exponent, one significand bit set.
+    kMostNegExponentOneSigBit = 1.5 * math.pow(2, -1023)
+    message.optional_double = kMostNegExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == kMostNegExponentOneSigBit)
+
+    # Repeat last two cases with values of the same magnitude, but negative.
+    message.optional_double = -kMostNegExponentNoSigBits
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == -kMostNegExponentNoSigBits)
+
+    message.optional_double = -kMostNegExponentOneSigBit
+    message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(message.optional_double == -kMostNegExponentOneSigBit)
+
+  def testFloatPrinting(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.optional_float = 2.0
+    self.assertEqual(str(message), 'optional_float: 2.0\n')
+
+  def testHighPrecisionFloatPrinting(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.optional_double = 0.12345678912345678
+    if sys.version_info >= (3,):
+      self.assertEqual(str(message), 'optional_double: 0.12345678912345678\n')
+    else:
+      self.assertEqual(str(message), 'optional_double: 0.123456789123\n')
+
+  def testUnknownFieldPrinting(self, message_module):
+    populated = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllNonLazyFields(populated)
+    empty = message_module.TestEmptyMessage()
+    empty.ParseFromString(populated.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertEqual(str(empty), '')
+
+  def testAppendRepeatedCompositeField(self, message_module):
+    msg = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.append(
+        message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(bb=1))
+    nested = message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(bb=2)
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.append(nested)
+    try:
+      msg.repeated_nested_message.append(1)
+    except TypeError:
+      pass
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(msg.repeated_nested_message))
+    self.assertEqual([1, 2],
+                     [m.bb for m in msg.repeated_nested_message])
+
+  def testInsertRepeatedCompositeField(self, message_module):
+    msg = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.insert(
+        -1, message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(bb=1))
+    sub_msg = msg.repeated_nested_message[0]
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.insert(
+        0, message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(bb=2))
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.insert(
+        99, message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(bb=3))
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.insert(
+        -2, message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(bb=-1))
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.insert(
+        -1000, message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(bb=-1000))
+    try:
+      msg.repeated_nested_message.insert(1, 999)
+    except TypeError:
+      pass
+    self.assertEqual(5, len(msg.repeated_nested_message))
+    self.assertEqual([-1000, 2, -1, 1, 3],
+                     [m.bb for m in msg.repeated_nested_message])
+    self.assertEqual(str(msg),
+                     'repeated_nested_message {\n'
+                     '  bb: -1000\n'
+                     '}\n'
+                     'repeated_nested_message {\n'
+                     '  bb: 2\n'
+                     '}\n'
+                     'repeated_nested_message {\n'
+                     '  bb: -1\n'
+                     '}\n'
+                     'repeated_nested_message {\n'
+                     '  bb: 1\n'
+                     '}\n'
+                     'repeated_nested_message {\n'
+                     '  bb: 3\n'
+                     '}\n')
+    self.assertEqual(sub_msg.bb, 1)
+
+  def testMergeFromRepeatedField(self, message_module):
+    msg = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    msg.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    msg.repeated_int32.append(3)
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.add(bb=1)
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.add(bb=2)
+    other_msg = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    other_msg.repeated_nested_message.add(bb=3)
+    other_msg.repeated_nested_message.add(bb=4)
+    other_msg.repeated_int32.append(5)
+    other_msg.repeated_int32.append(7)
+
+    msg.repeated_int32.MergeFrom(other_msg.repeated_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(4, len(msg.repeated_int32))
+
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.MergeFrom(other_msg.repeated_nested_message)
+    self.assertEqual([1, 2, 3, 4],
+                     [m.bb for m in msg.repeated_nested_message])
+
+  def testAddWrongRepeatedNestedField(self, message_module):
+    msg = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    try:
+      msg.repeated_nested_message.add('wrong')
+    except TypeError:
+      pass
+    try:
+      msg.repeated_nested_message.add(value_field='wrong')
+    except ValueError:
+      pass
+    self.assertEqual(len(msg.repeated_nested_message), 0)
+
+  def testRepeatedContains(self, message_module):
+    msg = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    msg.repeated_int32.extend([1, 2, 3])
+    self.assertIn(2, msg.repeated_int32)
+    self.assertNotIn(0, msg.repeated_int32)
+
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.add(bb=1)
+    sub_msg1 = msg.repeated_nested_message[0]
+    sub_msg2 = message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(bb=2)
+    sub_msg3 = message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(bb=3)
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.append(sub_msg2)
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.insert(0, sub_msg3)
+    self.assertIn(sub_msg1, msg.repeated_nested_message)
+    self.assertIn(sub_msg2, msg.repeated_nested_message)
+    self.assertIn(sub_msg3, msg.repeated_nested_message)
+
+  def testRepeatedScalarIterable(self, message_module):
+    msg = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    msg.repeated_int32.extend([1, 2, 3])
+    add = 0
+    for item in msg.repeated_int32:
+      add += item
+    self.assertEqual(add, 6)
+
+  def testRepeatedNestedFieldIteration(self, message_module):
+    msg = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.add(bb=1)
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.add(bb=2)
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.add(bb=3)
+    msg.repeated_nested_message.add(bb=4)
+
+    self.assertEqual([1, 2, 3, 4],
+                     [m.bb for m in msg.repeated_nested_message])
+    self.assertEqual([4, 3, 2, 1],
+                     [m.bb for m in reversed(msg.repeated_nested_message)])
+    self.assertEqual([4, 3, 2, 1],
+                     [m.bb for m in msg.repeated_nested_message[::-1]])
+
+  def testSortingRepeatedScalarFieldsDefaultComparator(self, message_module):
+    """Check some different types with the default comparator."""
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+
+    # TODO(mattp): would testing more scalar types strengthen test?
+    message.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(3)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(2)
+    message.repeated_int32.sort()
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_int32[0], 1)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_int32[1], 2)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_int32[2], 3)
+    self.assertEqual(str(message.repeated_int32), str([1, 2, 3]))
+
+    message.repeated_float.append(1.1)
+    message.repeated_float.append(1.3)
+    message.repeated_float.append(1.2)
+    message.repeated_float.sort()
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(message.repeated_float[0], 1.1)
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(message.repeated_float[1], 1.2)
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(message.repeated_float[2], 1.3)
+
+    message.repeated_string.append('a')
+    message.repeated_string.append('c')
+    message.repeated_string.append('b')
+    message.repeated_string.sort()
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_string[0], 'a')
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_string[1], 'b')
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_string[2], 'c')
+    self.assertEqual(str(message.repeated_string), str([u'a', u'b', u'c']))
+
+    message.repeated_bytes.append(b'a')
+    message.repeated_bytes.append(b'c')
+    message.repeated_bytes.append(b'b')
+    message.repeated_bytes.sort()
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_bytes[0], b'a')
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_bytes[1], b'b')
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_bytes[2], b'c')
+    self.assertEqual(str(message.repeated_bytes), str([b'a', b'b', b'c']))
+
+  def testSortingRepeatedScalarFieldsCustomComparator(self, message_module):
+    """Check some different types with custom comparator."""
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+
+    message.repeated_int32.append(-3)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(-2)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(-1)
+    message.repeated_int32.sort(key=abs)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_int32[0], -1)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_int32[1], -2)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_int32[2], -3)
+
+    message.repeated_string.append('aaa')
+    message.repeated_string.append('bb')
+    message.repeated_string.append('c')
+    message.repeated_string.sort(key=len)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_string[0], 'c')
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_string[1], 'bb')
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_string[2], 'aaa')
+
+  def testSortingRepeatedCompositeFieldsCustomComparator(self, message_module):
+    """Check passing a custom comparator to sort a repeated composite field."""
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 1
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 3
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 2
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 6
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 5
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 4
+    message.repeated_nested_message.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('bb'))
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_nested_message[0].bb, 1)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_nested_message[1].bb, 2)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_nested_message[2].bb, 3)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_nested_message[3].bb, 4)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_nested_message[4].bb, 5)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_nested_message[5].bb, 6)
+    self.assertEqual(str(message.repeated_nested_message),
+                     '[bb: 1\n, bb: 2\n, bb: 3\n, bb: 4\n, bb: 5\n, bb: 6\n]')
+
+  def testSortingRepeatedCompositeFieldsStable(self, message_module):
+    """Check passing a custom comparator to sort a repeated composite field."""
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 21
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 20
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 13
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 33
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 11
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 24
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 10
+    message.repeated_nested_message.sort(key=lambda z: z.bb // 10)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        [13, 11, 10, 21, 20, 24, 33],
+        [n.bb for n in message.repeated_nested_message])
+
+    # Make sure that for the C++ implementation, the underlying fields
+    # are actually reordered.
+    pb = message.SerializeToString()
+    message.Clear()
+    message.MergeFromString(pb)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        [13, 11, 10, 21, 20, 24, 33],
+        [n.bb for n in message.repeated_nested_message])
+
+  def testRepeatedCompositeFieldSortArguments(self, message_module):
+    """Check sorting a repeated composite field using list.sort() arguments."""
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+
+    get_bb = operator.attrgetter('bb')
+    cmp_bb = lambda a, b: cmp(a.bb, b.bb)
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 1
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 3
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 2
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 6
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 5
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 4
+    message.repeated_nested_message.sort(key=get_bb)
+    self.assertEqual([k.bb for k in message.repeated_nested_message],
+                     [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
+    message.repeated_nested_message.sort(key=get_bb, reverse=True)
+    self.assertEqual([k.bb for k in message.repeated_nested_message],
+                     [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1])
+    if sys.version_info >= (3,): return  # No cmp sorting in PY3.
+    message.repeated_nested_message.sort(sort_function=cmp_bb)
+    self.assertEqual([k.bb for k in message.repeated_nested_message],
+                     [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
+    message.repeated_nested_message.sort(cmp=cmp_bb, reverse=True)
+    self.assertEqual([k.bb for k in message.repeated_nested_message],
+                     [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1])
+
+  def testRepeatedScalarFieldSortArguments(self, message_module):
+    """Check sorting a scalar field using list.sort() arguments."""
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+
+    message.repeated_int32.append(-3)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(-2)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(-1)
+    message.repeated_int32.sort(key=abs)
+    self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_int32), [-1, -2, -3])
+    message.repeated_int32.sort(key=abs, reverse=True)
+    self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_int32), [-3, -2, -1])
+    if sys.version_info < (3,):  # No cmp sorting in PY3.
+      abs_cmp = lambda a, b: cmp(abs(a), abs(b))
+      message.repeated_int32.sort(sort_function=abs_cmp)
+      self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_int32), [-1, -2, -3])
+      message.repeated_int32.sort(cmp=abs_cmp, reverse=True)
+      self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_int32), [-3, -2, -1])
+
+    message.repeated_string.append('aaa')
+    message.repeated_string.append('bb')
+    message.repeated_string.append('c')
+    message.repeated_string.sort(key=len)
+    self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_string), ['c', 'bb', 'aaa'])
+    message.repeated_string.sort(key=len, reverse=True)
+    self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_string), ['aaa', 'bb', 'c'])
+    if sys.version_info < (3,):  # No cmp sorting in PY3.
+      len_cmp = lambda a, b: cmp(len(a), len(b))
+      message.repeated_string.sort(sort_function=len_cmp)
+      self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_string), ['c', 'bb', 'aaa'])
+      message.repeated_string.sort(cmp=len_cmp, reverse=True)
+      self.assertEqual(list(message.repeated_string), ['aaa', 'bb', 'c'])
+
+  def testRepeatedFieldsComparable(self, message_module):
+    m1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m1.repeated_int32.append(0)
+    m1.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    m1.repeated_int32.append(2)
+    m2.repeated_int32.append(0)
+    m2.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    m2.repeated_int32.append(2)
+    m1.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 1
+    m1.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 2
+    m1.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 3
+    m2.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 1
+    m2.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 2
+    m2.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 3
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3,): return  # No cmp() in PY3.
+
+    # These comparisons should not raise errors.
+    _ = m1 < m2
+    _ = m1.repeated_nested_message < m2.repeated_nested_message
+
+    # Make sure cmp always works. If it wasn't defined, these would be
+    # id() comparisons and would all fail.
+    self.assertEqual(cmp(m1, m2), 0)
+    self.assertEqual(cmp(m1.repeated_int32, m2.repeated_int32), 0)
+    self.assertEqual(cmp(m1.repeated_int32, [0, 1, 2]), 0)
+    self.assertEqual(cmp(m1.repeated_nested_message,
+                         m2.repeated_nested_message), 0)
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      # Can't compare repeated composite containers to lists.
+      cmp(m1.repeated_nested_message, m2.repeated_nested_message[:])
+
+    # TODO(anuraag): Implement extensiondict comparison in C++ and then add test
+
+  def testRepeatedFieldsAreSequences(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertIsInstance(m.repeated_int32, collections_abc.MutableSequence)
+    self.assertIsInstance(m.repeated_nested_message,
+                          collections_abc.MutableSequence)
+
+  def testRepeatedFieldsNotHashable(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      hash(m.repeated_int32)
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      hash(m.repeated_nested_message)
+
+  def testRepeatedFieldInsideNestedMessage(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.NestedTestAllTypes()
+    m.payload.repeated_int32.extend([])
+    self.assertTrue(m.HasField('payload'))
+
+  def testMergeFrom(self, message_module):
+    m1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    # Cpp extension will lazily create a sub message which is immutable.
+    nested = m1.optional_nested_message
+    self.assertEqual(0, nested.bb)
+    m2.optional_nested_message.bb = 1
+    # Make sure cmessage pointing to a mutable message after merge instead of
+    # the lazily created message.
+    m1.MergeFrom(m2)
+    self.assertEqual(1, nested.bb)
+
+    # Test more nested sub message.
+    msg1 = message_module.NestedTestAllTypes()
+    msg2 = message_module.NestedTestAllTypes()
+    nested = msg1.child.payload.optional_nested_message
+    self.assertEqual(0, nested.bb)
+    msg2.child.payload.optional_nested_message.bb = 1
+    msg1.MergeFrom(msg2)
+    self.assertEqual(1, nested.bb)
+
+    # Test repeated field.
+    self.assertEqual(msg1.payload.repeated_nested_message,
+                     msg1.payload.repeated_nested_message)
+    nested = msg2.payload.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    nested.bb = 1
+    msg1.MergeFrom(msg2)
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(msg1.payload.repeated_nested_message))
+    self.assertEqual(1, nested.bb)
+
+  def testMergeFromString(self, message_module):
+    m1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    # Cpp extension will lazily create a sub message which is immutable.
+    self.assertEqual(0, m1.optional_nested_message.bb)
+    m2.optional_nested_message.bb = 1
+    # Make sure cmessage pointing to a mutable message after merge instead of
+    # the lazily created message.
+    m1.MergeFromString(m2.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertEqual(1, m1.optional_nested_message.bb)
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(six.PY2, 'memoryview objects are not supported on py2')
+  def testMergeFromStringUsingMemoryViewWorksInPy3(self, message_module):
+    m2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m2.optional_string = 'scalar string'
+    m2.repeated_string.append('repeated string')
+    m2.optional_bytes = b'scalar bytes'
+    m2.repeated_bytes.append(b'repeated bytes')
+
+    serialized = m2.SerializeToString()
+    memview = memoryview(serialized)
+    m1 = message_module.TestAllTypes.FromString(memview)
+
+    self.assertEqual(m1.optional_bytes, b'scalar bytes')
+    self.assertEqual(m1.repeated_bytes, [b'repeated bytes'])
+    self.assertEqual(m1.optional_string, 'scalar string')
+    self.assertEqual(m1.repeated_string, ['repeated string'])
+    # Make sure that the memoryview was correctly converted to bytes, and
+    # that a sub-sliced memoryview is not being used.
+    self.assertIsInstance(m1.optional_bytes, bytes)
+    self.assertIsInstance(m1.repeated_bytes[0], bytes)
+    self.assertIsInstance(m1.optional_string, six.text_type)
+    self.assertIsInstance(m1.repeated_string[0], six.text_type)
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(six.PY3, 'memoryview is supported by py3')
+  def testMergeFromStringUsingMemoryViewIsPy2Error(self, message_module):
+    memview = memoryview(b'')
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      message_module.TestAllTypes.FromString(memview)
+
+  def testMergeFromEmpty(self, message_module):
+    m1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    # Cpp extension will lazily create a sub message which is immutable.
+    self.assertEqual(0, m1.optional_nested_message.bb)
+    self.assertFalse(m1.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+    # Make sure the sub message is still immutable after merge from empty.
+    m1.MergeFromString(b'')  # field state should not change
+    self.assertFalse(m1.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+
+  def ensureNestedMessageExists(self, msg, attribute):
+    """Make sure that a nested message object exists.
+
+    As soon as a nested message attribute is accessed, it will be present in the
+    _fields dict, without being marked as actually being set.
+    """
+    getattr(msg, attribute)
+    self.assertFalse(msg.HasField(attribute))
+
+  def testOneofGetCaseNonexistingField(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError, m.WhichOneof, 'no_such_oneof_field')
+    self.assertRaises(Exception, m.WhichOneof, 0)
+
+  def testOneofDefaultValues(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertIs(None, m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertFalse(m.HasField('oneof_uint32'))
+
+    # Oneof is set even when setting it to a default value.
+    m.oneof_uint32 = 0
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_uint32', m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertTrue(m.HasField('oneof_uint32'))
+    self.assertFalse(m.HasField('oneof_string'))
+
+    m.oneof_string = ""
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_string', m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertTrue(m.HasField('oneof_string'))
+    self.assertFalse(m.HasField('oneof_uint32'))
+
+  def testOneofSemantics(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertIs(None, m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+
+    m.oneof_uint32 = 11
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_uint32', m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertTrue(m.HasField('oneof_uint32'))
+
+    m.oneof_string = u'foo'
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_string', m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertFalse(m.HasField('oneof_uint32'))
+    self.assertTrue(m.HasField('oneof_string'))
+
+    # Read nested message accessor without accessing submessage.
+    m.oneof_nested_message
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_string', m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertTrue(m.HasField('oneof_string'))
+    self.assertFalse(m.HasField('oneof_nested_message'))
+
+    # Read accessor of nested message without accessing submessage.
+    m.oneof_nested_message.bb
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_string', m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertTrue(m.HasField('oneof_string'))
+    self.assertFalse(m.HasField('oneof_nested_message'))
+
+    m.oneof_nested_message.bb = 11
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_nested_message', m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertFalse(m.HasField('oneof_string'))
+    self.assertTrue(m.HasField('oneof_nested_message'))
+
+    m.oneof_bytes = b'bb'
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_bytes', m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertFalse(m.HasField('oneof_nested_message'))
+    self.assertTrue(m.HasField('oneof_bytes'))
+
+  def testOneofCompositeFieldReadAccess(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m.oneof_uint32 = 11
+
+    self.ensureNestedMessageExists(m, 'oneof_nested_message')
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_uint32', m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertEqual(11, m.oneof_uint32)
+
+  def testOneofWhichOneof(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertIs(None, m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      self.assertFalse(m.HasField('oneof_field'))
+
+    m.oneof_uint32 = 11
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_uint32', m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      self.assertTrue(m.HasField('oneof_field'))
+
+    m.oneof_bytes = b'bb'
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_bytes', m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+
+    m.ClearField('oneof_bytes')
+    self.assertIs(None, m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      self.assertFalse(m.HasField('oneof_field'))
+
+  def testOneofClearField(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m.oneof_uint32 = 11
+    m.ClearField('oneof_field')
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      self.assertFalse(m.HasField('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertFalse(m.HasField('oneof_uint32'))
+    self.assertIs(None, m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+
+  def testOneofClearSetField(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m.oneof_uint32 = 11
+    m.ClearField('oneof_uint32')
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      self.assertFalse(m.HasField('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertFalse(m.HasField('oneof_uint32'))
+    self.assertIs(None, m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+
+  def testOneofClearUnsetField(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m.oneof_uint32 = 11
+    self.ensureNestedMessageExists(m, 'oneof_nested_message')
+    m.ClearField('oneof_nested_message')
+    self.assertEqual(11, m.oneof_uint32)
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      self.assertTrue(m.HasField('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertTrue(m.HasField('oneof_uint32'))
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_uint32', m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+
+  def testOneofDeserialize(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m.oneof_uint32 = 11
+    m2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m2.ParseFromString(m.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_uint32', m2.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+
+  def testOneofCopyFrom(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m.oneof_uint32 = 11
+    m2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m2.CopyFrom(m)
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_uint32', m2.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+
+  def testOneofNestedMergeFrom(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.NestedTestAllTypes()
+    m.payload.oneof_uint32 = 11
+    m2 = message_module.NestedTestAllTypes()
+    m2.payload.oneof_bytes = b'bb'
+    m2.child.payload.oneof_bytes = b'bb'
+    m2.MergeFrom(m)
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_uint32', m2.payload.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_bytes', m2.child.payload.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+
+  def testOneofMessageMergeFrom(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.NestedTestAllTypes()
+    m.payload.oneof_nested_message.bb = 11
+    m.child.payload.oneof_nested_message.bb = 12
+    m2 = message_module.NestedTestAllTypes()
+    m2.payload.oneof_uint32 = 13
+    m2.MergeFrom(m)
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_nested_message',
+                     m2.payload.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_nested_message',
+                     m2.child.payload.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+
+  def testOneofNestedMessageInit(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes(
+        oneof_nested_message=message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage())
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_nested_message', m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+
+  def testOneofClear(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m.oneof_uint32 = 11
+    m.Clear()
+    self.assertIsNone(m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+    m.oneof_bytes = b'bb'
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_bytes', m.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+
+  def testAssignByteStringToUnicodeField(self, message_module):
+    """Assigning a byte string to a string field should result
+    in the value being converted to a Unicode string."""
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m.optional_string = str('')
+    self.assertIsInstance(m.optional_string, six.text_type)
+
+  def testLongValuedSlice(self, message_module):
+    """It should be possible to use long-valued indicies in slices
+
+    This didn't used to work in the v2 C++ implementation.
+    """
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+
+    # Repeated scalar
+    m.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    sl = m.repeated_int32[long(0):long(len(m.repeated_int32))]
+    self.assertEqual(len(m.repeated_int32), len(sl))
+
+    # Repeated composite
+    m.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 3
+    sl = m.repeated_nested_message[long(0):long(len(m.repeated_nested_message))]
+    self.assertEqual(len(m.repeated_nested_message), len(sl))
+
+  def testExtendShouldNotSwallowExceptions(self, message_module):
+    """This didn't use to work in the v2 C++ implementation."""
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    with self.assertRaises(NameError) as _:
+      m.repeated_int32.extend(a for i in range(10))  # pylint: disable=undefined-variable
+    with self.assertRaises(NameError) as _:
+      m.repeated_nested_enum.extend(
+          a for i in range(10))  # pylint: disable=undefined-variable
+
+  FALSY_VALUES = [None, False, 0, 0.0, b'', u'', bytearray(), [], {}, set()]
+
+  def testExtendInt32WithNothing(self, message_module):
+    """Test no-ops extending repeated int32 fields."""
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_int32)
+
+    # TODO(ptucker): Deprecate this behavior. b/18413862
+    for falsy_value in MessageTest.FALSY_VALUES:
+      m.repeated_int32.extend(falsy_value)
+      self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_int32)
+
+    m.repeated_int32.extend([])
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_int32)
+
+  def testExtendFloatWithNothing(self, message_module):
+    """Test no-ops extending repeated float fields."""
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_float)
+
+    # TODO(ptucker): Deprecate this behavior. b/18413862
+    for falsy_value in MessageTest.FALSY_VALUES:
+      m.repeated_float.extend(falsy_value)
+      self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_float)
+
+    m.repeated_float.extend([])
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_float)
+
+  def testExtendStringWithNothing(self, message_module):
+    """Test no-ops extending repeated string fields."""
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_string)
+
+    # TODO(ptucker): Deprecate this behavior. b/18413862
+    for falsy_value in MessageTest.FALSY_VALUES:
+      m.repeated_string.extend(falsy_value)
+      self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_string)
+
+    m.repeated_string.extend([])
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_string)
+
+  def testExtendInt32WithPythonList(self, message_module):
+    """Test extending repeated int32 fields with python lists."""
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_int32)
+    m.repeated_int32.extend([0])
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([0], m.repeated_int32)
+    m.repeated_int32.extend([1, 2])
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([0, 1, 2], m.repeated_int32)
+    m.repeated_int32.extend([3, 4])
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([0, 1, 2, 3, 4], m.repeated_int32)
+
+  def testExtendFloatWithPythonList(self, message_module):
+    """Test extending repeated float fields with python lists."""
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_float)
+    m.repeated_float.extend([0.0])
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([0.0], m.repeated_float)
+    m.repeated_float.extend([1.0, 2.0])
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([0.0, 1.0, 2.0], m.repeated_float)
+    m.repeated_float.extend([3.0, 4.0])
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0], m.repeated_float)
+
+  def testExtendStringWithPythonList(self, message_module):
+    """Test extending repeated string fields with python lists."""
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_string)
+    m.repeated_string.extend([''])
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([''], m.repeated_string)
+    m.repeated_string.extend(['11', '22'])
+    self.assertSequenceEqual(['', '11', '22'], m.repeated_string)
+    m.repeated_string.extend(['33', '44'])
+    self.assertSequenceEqual(['', '11', '22', '33', '44'], m.repeated_string)
+
+  def testExtendStringWithString(self, message_module):
+    """Test extending repeated string fields with characters from a string."""
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_string)
+    m.repeated_string.extend('abc')
+    self.assertSequenceEqual(['a', 'b', 'c'], m.repeated_string)
+
+  class TestIterable(object):
+    """This iterable object mimics the behavior of numpy.array.
+
+    __nonzero__ fails for length > 1, and returns bool(item[0]) for length == 1.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, values=None):
+      self._list = values or []
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+      size = len(self._list)
+      if size == 0:
+        return False
+      if size == 1:
+        return bool(self._list[0])
+      raise ValueError('Truth value is ambiguous.')
+
+    def __len__(self):
+      return len(self._list)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+      return self._list.__iter__()
+
+  def testExtendInt32WithIterable(self, message_module):
+    """Test extending repeated int32 fields with iterable."""
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_int32)
+    m.repeated_int32.extend(MessageTest.TestIterable([]))
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_int32)
+    m.repeated_int32.extend(MessageTest.TestIterable([0]))
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([0], m.repeated_int32)
+    m.repeated_int32.extend(MessageTest.TestIterable([1, 2]))
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([0, 1, 2], m.repeated_int32)
+    m.repeated_int32.extend(MessageTest.TestIterable([3, 4]))
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([0, 1, 2, 3, 4], m.repeated_int32)
+
+  def testExtendFloatWithIterable(self, message_module):
+    """Test extending repeated float fields with iterable."""
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_float)
+    m.repeated_float.extend(MessageTest.TestIterable([]))
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_float)
+    m.repeated_float.extend(MessageTest.TestIterable([0.0]))
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([0.0], m.repeated_float)
+    m.repeated_float.extend(MessageTest.TestIterable([1.0, 2.0]))
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([0.0, 1.0, 2.0], m.repeated_float)
+    m.repeated_float.extend(MessageTest.TestIterable([3.0, 4.0]))
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0], m.repeated_float)
+
+  def testExtendStringWithIterable(self, message_module):
+    """Test extending repeated string fields with iterable."""
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_string)
+    m.repeated_string.extend(MessageTest.TestIterable([]))
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([], m.repeated_string)
+    m.repeated_string.extend(MessageTest.TestIterable(['']))
+    self.assertSequenceEqual([''], m.repeated_string)
+    m.repeated_string.extend(MessageTest.TestIterable(['1', '2']))
+    self.assertSequenceEqual(['', '1', '2'], m.repeated_string)
+    m.repeated_string.extend(MessageTest.TestIterable(['3', '4']))
+    self.assertSequenceEqual(['', '1', '2', '3', '4'], m.repeated_string)
+
+  def testPickleRepeatedScalarContainer(self, message_module):
+    # TODO(tibell): The pure-Python implementation support pickling of
+    #   scalar containers in *some* cases. For now the cpp2 version
+    #   throws an exception to avoid a segfault. Investigate if we
+    #   want to support pickling of these fields.
+    #
+    # For more information see: https://b2.corp.google.com/u/0/issues/18677897
+    if (api_implementation.Type() != 'cpp' or
+        api_implementation.Version() == 2):
+      return
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    with self.assertRaises(pickle.PickleError) as _:
+      pickle.dumps(m.repeated_int32, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+
+  def testSortEmptyRepeatedCompositeContainer(self, message_module):
+    """Exercise a scenario that has led to segfaults in the past.
+    """
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m.repeated_nested_message.sort()
+
+  def testHasFieldOnRepeatedField(self, message_module):
+    """Using HasField on a repeated field should raise an exception.
+    """
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as _:
+      m.HasField('repeated_int32')
+
+  def testRepeatedScalarFieldPop(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    with self.assertRaises(IndexError) as _:
+      m.repeated_int32.pop()
+    m.repeated_int32.extend(range(5))
+    self.assertEqual(4, m.repeated_int32.pop())
+    self.assertEqual(0, m.repeated_int32.pop(0))
+    self.assertEqual(2, m.repeated_int32.pop(1))
+    self.assertEqual([1, 3], m.repeated_int32)
+
+  def testRepeatedCompositeFieldPop(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    with self.assertRaises(IndexError) as _:
+      m.repeated_nested_message.pop()
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as _:
+      m.repeated_nested_message.pop('0')
+    for i in range(5):
+      n = m.repeated_nested_message.add()
+      n.bb = i
+    self.assertEqual(4, m.repeated_nested_message.pop().bb)
+    self.assertEqual(0, m.repeated_nested_message.pop(0).bb)
+    self.assertEqual(2, m.repeated_nested_message.pop(1).bb)
+    self.assertEqual([1, 3], [n.bb for n in m.repeated_nested_message])
+
+  def testRepeatedCompareWithSelf(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    for i in range(5):
+      m.repeated_int32.insert(i, i)
+      n = m.repeated_nested_message.add()
+      n.bb = i
+    self.assertSequenceEqual(m.repeated_int32, m.repeated_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_nested_message, m.repeated_nested_message)
+
+  def testReleasedNestedMessages(self, message_module):
+    """A case that lead to a segfault when a message detached from its parent
+    container has itself a child container.
+    """
+    m = message_module.NestedTestAllTypes()
+    m = m.repeated_child.add()
+    m = m.child
+    m = m.repeated_child.add()
+    self.assertEqual(m.payload.optional_int32, 0)
+
+  def testSetRepeatedComposite(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+      m.repeated_int32 = []
+    m.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+      m.repeated_int32 = []
+
+  def testReturningType(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual(float, type(m.optional_float))
+    self.assertEqual(float, type(m.optional_double))
+    self.assertEqual(bool, type(m.optional_bool))
+    m.optional_float = 1
+    m.optional_double = 1
+    m.optional_bool = 1
+    m.repeated_float.append(1)
+    m.repeated_double.append(1)
+    m.repeated_bool.append(1)
+    m.ParseFromString(m.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertEqual(float, type(m.optional_float))
+    self.assertEqual(float, type(m.optional_double))
+    self.assertEqual('1.0', str(m.optional_double))
+    self.assertEqual(bool, type(m.optional_bool))
+    self.assertEqual(float, type(m.repeated_float[0]))
+    self.assertEqual(float, type(m.repeated_double[0]))
+    self.assertEqual(bool, type(m.repeated_bool[0]))
+    self.assertEqual(True, m.repeated_bool[0])
+
+
+# Class to test proto2-only features (required, extensions, etc.)
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class Proto2Test(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testFieldPresence(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    self.assertFalse(message.HasField("optional_int32"))
+    self.assertFalse(message.HasField("optional_bool"))
+    self.assertFalse(message.HasField("optional_nested_message"))
+
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      message.HasField("field_doesnt_exist")
+
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      message.HasField("repeated_int32")
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      message.HasField("repeated_nested_message")
+
+    self.assertEqual(0, message.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(False, message.optional_bool)
+    self.assertEqual(0, message.optional_nested_message.bb)
+
+    # Fields are set even when setting the values to default values.
+    message.optional_int32 = 0
+    message.optional_bool = False
+    message.optional_nested_message.bb = 0
+    self.assertTrue(message.HasField("optional_int32"))
+    self.assertTrue(message.HasField("optional_bool"))
+    self.assertTrue(message.HasField("optional_nested_message"))
+
+    # Set the fields to non-default values.
+    message.optional_int32 = 5
+    message.optional_bool = True
+    message.optional_nested_message.bb = 15
+
+    self.assertTrue(message.HasField(u"optional_int32"))
+    self.assertTrue(message.HasField("optional_bool"))
+    self.assertTrue(message.HasField("optional_nested_message"))
+
+    # Clearing the fields unsets them and resets their value to default.
+    message.ClearField("optional_int32")
+    message.ClearField(u"optional_bool")
+    message.ClearField("optional_nested_message")
+
+    self.assertFalse(message.HasField("optional_int32"))
+    self.assertFalse(message.HasField("optional_bool"))
+    self.assertFalse(message.HasField("optional_nested_message"))
+    self.assertEqual(0, message.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(False, message.optional_bool)
+    self.assertEqual(0, message.optional_nested_message.bb)
+
+  def testAssignInvalidEnum(self):
+    """Assigning an invalid enum number is not allowed in proto2."""
+    m = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    # Proto2 can not assign unknown enum.
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as _:
+      m.optional_nested_enum = 1234567
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError, m.repeated_nested_enum.append, 1234567)
+    # Assignment is a different code path than append for the C++ impl.
+    m.repeated_nested_enum.append(2)
+    m.repeated_nested_enum[0] = 2
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      m.repeated_nested_enum[0] = 123456
+
+    # Unknown enum value can be parsed but is ignored.
+    m2 = unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    m2.optional_nested_enum = 1234567
+    m2.repeated_nested_enum.append(7654321)
+    serialized = m2.SerializeToString()
+
+    m3 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    m3.ParseFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertFalse(m3.HasField('optional_nested_enum'))
+    # 1 is the default value for optional_nested_enum.
+    self.assertEqual(1, m3.optional_nested_enum)
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(m3.repeated_nested_enum))
+    m2.Clear()
+    m2.ParseFromString(m3.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertEqual(1234567, m2.optional_nested_enum)
+    self.assertEqual(7654321, m2.repeated_nested_enum[0])
+
+  def testUnknownEnumMap(self):
+    m = map_proto2_unittest_pb2.TestEnumMap()
+    m.known_map_field[123] = 0
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      m.unknown_map_field[1] = 123
+
+  def testExtensionsErrors(self):
+    msg = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, msg, 'Extensions')
+
+  def testMergeFromExtensions(self):
+    msg1 = more_extensions_pb2.TopLevelMessage()
+    msg2 = more_extensions_pb2.TopLevelMessage()
+    # Cpp extension will lazily create a sub message which is immutable.
+    self.assertEqual(0, msg1.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.optional_int_extension])
+    self.assertFalse(msg1.HasField('submessage'))
+    msg2.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.optional_int_extension] = 123
+    # Make sure cmessage and extensions pointing to a mutable message
+    # after merge instead of the lazily created message.
+    msg1.MergeFrom(msg2)
+    self.assertEqual(123, msg1.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.optional_int_extension])
+
+  def testGoldenExtensions(self):
+    golden_data = test_util.GoldenFileData('golden_message')
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    all_set = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    test_util.SetAllExtensions(all_set)
+    self.assertEqual(all_set, golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_message.SerializeToString())
+    golden_copy = copy.deepcopy(golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_copy.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testGoldenPackedExtensions(self):
+    golden_data = test_util.GoldenFileData('golden_packed_fields_message')
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestPackedExtensions()
+    golden_message.ParseFromString(golden_data)
+    all_set = unittest_pb2.TestPackedExtensions()
+    test_util.SetAllPackedExtensions(all_set)
+    self.assertEqual(all_set, golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, all_set.SerializeToString())
+    golden_copy = copy.deepcopy(golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, golden_copy.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testPickleIncompleteProto(self):
+    golden_message = unittest_pb2.TestRequired(a=1)
+    pickled_message = pickle.dumps(golden_message)
+
+    unpickled_message = pickle.loads(pickled_message)
+    self.assertEqual(unpickled_message, golden_message)
+    self.assertEqual(unpickled_message.a, 1)
+    # This is still an incomplete proto - so serializing should fail
+    self.assertRaises(message.EncodeError, unpickled_message.SerializeToString)
+
+
+  # TODO(haberman): this isn't really a proto2-specific test except that this
+  # message has a required field in it.  Should probably be factored out so
+  # that we can test the other parts with proto3.
+  def testParsingMerge(self):
+    """Check the merge behavior when a required or optional field appears
+    multiple times in the input."""
+    messages = [
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(),
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(),
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes() ]
+    messages[0].optional_int32 = 1
+    messages[1].optional_int64 = 2
+    messages[2].optional_int32 = 3
+    messages[2].optional_string = 'hello'
+
+    merged_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    merged_message.optional_int32 = 3
+    merged_message.optional_int64 = 2
+    merged_message.optional_string = 'hello'
+
+    generator = unittest_pb2.TestParsingMerge.RepeatedFieldsGenerator()
+    generator.field1.extend(messages)
+    generator.field2.extend(messages)
+    generator.field3.extend(messages)
+    generator.ext1.extend(messages)
+    generator.ext2.extend(messages)
+    generator.group1.add().field1.MergeFrom(messages[0])
+    generator.group1.add().field1.MergeFrom(messages[1])
+    generator.group1.add().field1.MergeFrom(messages[2])
+    generator.group2.add().field1.MergeFrom(messages[0])
+    generator.group2.add().field1.MergeFrom(messages[1])
+    generator.group2.add().field1.MergeFrom(messages[2])
+
+    data = generator.SerializeToString()
+    parsing_merge = unittest_pb2.TestParsingMerge()
+    parsing_merge.ParseFromString(data)
+
+    # Required and optional fields should be merged.
+    self.assertEqual(parsing_merge.required_all_types, merged_message)
+    self.assertEqual(parsing_merge.optional_all_types, merged_message)
+    self.assertEqual(parsing_merge.optionalgroup.optional_group_all_types,
+                     merged_message)
+    self.assertEqual(parsing_merge.Extensions[
+                     unittest_pb2.TestParsingMerge.optional_ext],
+                     merged_message)
+
+    # Repeated fields should not be merged.
+    self.assertEqual(len(parsing_merge.repeated_all_types), 3)
+    self.assertEqual(len(parsing_merge.repeatedgroup), 3)
+    self.assertEqual(len(parsing_merge.Extensions[
+        unittest_pb2.TestParsingMerge.repeated_ext]), 3)
+
+  def testPythonicInit(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+        optional_int32=100,
+        optional_fixed32=200,
+        optional_float=300.5,
+        optional_bytes=b'x',
+        optionalgroup={'a': 400},
+        optional_nested_message={'bb': 500},
+        optional_foreign_message={},
+        optional_nested_enum='BAZ',
+        repeatedgroup=[{'a': 600},
+                       {'a': 700}],
+        repeated_nested_enum=['FOO', unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR],
+        default_int32=800,
+        oneof_string='y')
+    self.assertIsInstance(message, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes)
+    self.assertEqual(100, message.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(200, message.optional_fixed32)
+    self.assertEqual(300.5, message.optional_float)
+    self.assertEqual(b'x', message.optional_bytes)
+    self.assertEqual(400, message.optionalgroup.a)
+    self.assertIsInstance(message.optional_nested_message,
+                          unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage)
+    self.assertEqual(500, message.optional_nested_message.bb)
+    self.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_foreign_message'))
+    self.assertEqual(message.optional_foreign_message,
+                     unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage())
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ,
+                     message.optional_nested_enum)
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeatedgroup))
+    self.assertEqual(600, message.repeatedgroup[0].a)
+    self.assertEqual(700, message.repeatedgroup[1].a)
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_nested_enum))
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO,
+                     message.repeated_nested_enum[0])
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR,
+                     message.repeated_nested_enum[1])
+    self.assertEqual(800, message.default_int32)
+    self.assertEqual('y', message.oneof_string)
+    self.assertFalse(message.HasField('optional_int64'))
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(message.repeated_float))
+    self.assertEqual(42, message.default_int64)
+
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(optional_nested_enum=u'BAZ')
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ,
+                     message.optional_nested_enum)
+
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+          optional_nested_message={'INVALID_NESTED_FIELD': 17})
+
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+          optional_nested_message={'bb': 'INVALID_VALUE_TYPE'})
+
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(optional_nested_enum='INVALID_LABEL')
+
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(repeated_nested_enum='FOO')
+
+  def testPythonicInitWithDict(self):
+    # Both string/unicode field name keys should work.
+    kwargs = {
+        'optional_int32': 100,
+        u'optional_fixed32': 200,
+    }
+    msg = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(**kwargs)
+    self.assertEqual(100, msg.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(200, msg.optional_fixed32)
+
+
+  def test_documentation(self):
+    # Also used by the interactive help() function.
+    doc = pydoc.html.document(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes, 'message')
+    self.assertIn('class TestAllTypes', doc)
+    self.assertIn('SerializePartialToString', doc)
+    self.assertIn('repeated_float', doc)
+    base = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.__bases__[0]
+    self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, base, '_extensions_by_name')
+
+
+# Class to test proto3-only features/behavior (updated field presence & enums)
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class Proto3Test(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  # Utility method for comparing equality with a map.
+  def assertMapIterEquals(self, map_iter, dict_value):
+    # Avoid mutating caller's copy.
+    dict_value = dict(dict_value)
+
+    for k, v in map_iter:
+      self.assertEqual(v, dict_value[k])
+      del dict_value[k]
+
+    self.assertEqual({}, dict_value)
+
+  def testFieldPresence(self):
+    message = unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    # We can't test presence of non-repeated, non-submessage fields.
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      message.HasField('optional_int32')
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      message.HasField('optional_float')
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      message.HasField('optional_string')
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      message.HasField('optional_bool')
+
+    # But we can still test presence of submessage fields.
+    self.assertFalse(message.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+
+    # As with proto2, we can't test presence of fields that don't exist, or
+    # repeated fields.
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      message.HasField('field_doesnt_exist')
+
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      message.HasField('repeated_int32')
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      message.HasField('repeated_nested_message')
+
+    # Fields should default to their type-specific default.
+    self.assertEqual(0, message.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(0, message.optional_float)
+    self.assertEqual('', message.optional_string)
+    self.assertEqual(False, message.optional_bool)
+    self.assertEqual(0, message.optional_nested_message.bb)
+
+    # Setting a submessage should still return proper presence information.
+    message.optional_nested_message.bb = 0
+    self.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+
+    # Set the fields to non-default values.
+    message.optional_int32 = 5
+    message.optional_float = 1.1
+    message.optional_string = 'abc'
+    message.optional_bool = True
+    message.optional_nested_message.bb = 15
+
+    # Clearing the fields unsets them and resets their value to default.
+    message.ClearField('optional_int32')
+    message.ClearField('optional_float')
+    message.ClearField('optional_string')
+    message.ClearField('optional_bool')
+    message.ClearField('optional_nested_message')
+
+    self.assertEqual(0, message.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(0, message.optional_float)
+    self.assertEqual('', message.optional_string)
+    self.assertEqual(False, message.optional_bool)
+    self.assertEqual(0, message.optional_nested_message.bb)
+
+  def testAssignUnknownEnum(self):
+    """Assigning an unknown enum value is allowed and preserves the value."""
+    m = unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    # Proto3 can assign unknown enums.
+    m.optional_nested_enum = 1234567
+    self.assertEqual(1234567, m.optional_nested_enum)
+    m.repeated_nested_enum.append(22334455)
+    self.assertEqual(22334455, m.repeated_nested_enum[0])
+    # Assignment is a different code path than append for the C++ impl.
+    m.repeated_nested_enum[0] = 7654321
+    self.assertEqual(7654321, m.repeated_nested_enum[0])
+    serialized = m.SerializeToString()
+
+    m2 = unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    m2.ParseFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertEqual(1234567, m2.optional_nested_enum)
+    self.assertEqual(7654321, m2.repeated_nested_enum[0])
+
+  # Map isn't really a proto3-only feature. But there is no proto2 equivalent
+  # of google/protobuf/map_unittest.proto right now, so it's not easy to
+  # test both with the same test like we do for the other proto2/proto3 tests.
+  # (google/protobuf/map_proto2_unittest.proto is very different in the set
+  # of messages and fields it contains).
+  def testScalarMapDefaults(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+
+    # Scalars start out unset.
+    self.assertFalse(-123 in msg.map_int32_int32)
+    self.assertFalse(-2**33 in msg.map_int64_int64)
+    self.assertFalse(123 in msg.map_uint32_uint32)
+    self.assertFalse(2**33 in msg.map_uint64_uint64)
+    self.assertFalse(123 in msg.map_int32_double)
+    self.assertFalse(False in msg.map_bool_bool)
+    self.assertFalse('abc' in msg.map_string_string)
+    self.assertFalse(111 in msg.map_int32_bytes)
+    self.assertFalse(888 in msg.map_int32_enum)
+
+    # Accessing an unset key returns the default.
+    self.assertEqual(0, msg.map_int32_int32[-123])
+    self.assertEqual(0, msg.map_int64_int64[-2**33])
+    self.assertEqual(0, msg.map_uint32_uint32[123])
+    self.assertEqual(0, msg.map_uint64_uint64[2**33])
+    self.assertEqual(0.0, msg.map_int32_double[123])
+    self.assertTrue(isinstance(msg.map_int32_double[123], float))
+    self.assertEqual(False, msg.map_bool_bool[False])
+    self.assertTrue(isinstance(msg.map_bool_bool[False], bool))
+    self.assertEqual('', msg.map_string_string['abc'])
+    self.assertEqual(b'', msg.map_int32_bytes[111])
+    self.assertEqual(0, msg.map_int32_enum[888])
+
+    # It also sets the value in the map
+    self.assertTrue(-123 in msg.map_int32_int32)
+    self.assertTrue(-2**33 in msg.map_int64_int64)
+    self.assertTrue(123 in msg.map_uint32_uint32)
+    self.assertTrue(2**33 in msg.map_uint64_uint64)
+    self.assertTrue(123 in msg.map_int32_double)
+    self.assertTrue(False in msg.map_bool_bool)
+    self.assertTrue('abc' in msg.map_string_string)
+    self.assertTrue(111 in msg.map_int32_bytes)
+    self.assertTrue(888 in msg.map_int32_enum)
+
+    self.assertIsInstance(msg.map_string_string['abc'], six.text_type)
+
+    # Accessing an unset key still throws TypeError if the type of the key
+    # is incorrect.
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      msg.map_string_string[123]
+
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      123 in msg.map_string_string
+
+  def testMapGet(self):
+    # Need to test that get() properly returns the default, even though the dict
+    # has defaultdict-like semantics.
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+
+    self.assertIsNone(msg.map_int32_int32.get(5))
+    self.assertEqual(10, msg.map_int32_int32.get(5, 10))
+    self.assertEqual(10, msg.map_int32_int32.get(key=5, default=10))
+    self.assertIsNone(msg.map_int32_int32.get(5))
+
+    msg.map_int32_int32[5] = 15
+    self.assertEqual(15, msg.map_int32_int32.get(5))
+    self.assertEqual(15, msg.map_int32_int32.get(5))
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      msg.map_int32_int32.get('')
+
+    self.assertIsNone(msg.map_int32_foreign_message.get(5))
+    self.assertEqual(10, msg.map_int32_foreign_message.get(5, 10))
+    self.assertEqual(10, msg.map_int32_foreign_message.get(key=5, default=10))
+
+    submsg = msg.map_int32_foreign_message[5]
+    self.assertIs(submsg, msg.map_int32_foreign_message.get(5))
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      msg.map_int32_foreign_message.get('')
+
+  def testScalarMap(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(msg.map_int32_int32))
+    self.assertFalse(5 in msg.map_int32_int32)
+
+    msg.map_int32_int32[-123] = -456
+    msg.map_int64_int64[-2**33] = -2**34
+    msg.map_uint32_uint32[123] = 456
+    msg.map_uint64_uint64[2**33] = 2**34
+    msg.map_int32_float[2] = 1.2
+    msg.map_int32_double[1] = 3.3
+    msg.map_string_string['abc'] = '123'
+    msg.map_bool_bool[True] = True
+    msg.map_int32_enum[888] = 2
+    # Unknown numeric enum is supported in proto3.
+    msg.map_int32_enum[123] = 456
+
+    self.assertEqual([], msg.FindInitializationErrors())
+
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(msg.map_string_string))
+
+    # Bad key.
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      msg.map_string_string[123] = '123'
+
+    # Verify that trying to assign a bad key doesn't actually add a member to
+    # the map.
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(msg.map_string_string))
+
+    # Bad value.
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      msg.map_string_string['123'] = 123
+
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString()
+    msg2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg2.ParseFromString(serialized)
+
+    # Bad key.
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      msg2.map_string_string[123] = '123'
+
+    # Bad value.
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      msg2.map_string_string['123'] = 123
+
+    self.assertEqual(-456, msg2.map_int32_int32[-123])
+    self.assertEqual(-2**34, msg2.map_int64_int64[-2**33])
+    self.assertEqual(456, msg2.map_uint32_uint32[123])
+    self.assertEqual(2**34, msg2.map_uint64_uint64[2**33])
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(1.2, msg.map_int32_float[2])
+    self.assertEqual(3.3, msg.map_int32_double[1])
+    self.assertEqual('123', msg2.map_string_string['abc'])
+    self.assertEqual(True, msg2.map_bool_bool[True])
+    self.assertEqual(2, msg2.map_int32_enum[888])
+    self.assertEqual(456, msg2.map_int32_enum[123])
+    self.assertEqual('{-123: -456}',
+                     str(msg2.map_int32_int32))
+
+  def testMapEntryAlwaysSerialized(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg.map_int32_int32[0] = 0
+    msg.map_string_string[''] = ''
+    self.assertEqual(msg.ByteSize(), 12)
+    self.assertEqual(b'\n\x04\x08\x00\x10\x00r\x04\n\x00\x12\x00',
+                     msg.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testStringUnicodeConversionInMap(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+
+    unicode_obj = u'\u1234'
+    bytes_obj = unicode_obj.encode('utf8')
+
+    msg.map_string_string[bytes_obj] = bytes_obj
+
+    (key, value) = list(msg.map_string_string.items())[0]
+
+    self.assertEqual(key, unicode_obj)
+    self.assertEqual(value, unicode_obj)
+
+    self.assertIsInstance(key, six.text_type)
+    self.assertIsInstance(value, six.text_type)
+
+  def testMessageMap(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(msg.map_int32_foreign_message))
+    self.assertFalse(5 in msg.map_int32_foreign_message)
+
+    msg.map_int32_foreign_message[123]
+    # get_or_create() is an alias for getitem.
+    msg.map_int32_foreign_message.get_or_create(-456)
+
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(msg.map_int32_foreign_message))
+    self.assertIn(123, msg.map_int32_foreign_message)
+    self.assertIn(-456, msg.map_int32_foreign_message)
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(msg.map_int32_foreign_message))
+
+    # Bad key.
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      msg.map_int32_foreign_message['123']
+
+    # Can't assign directly to submessage.
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      msg.map_int32_foreign_message[999] = msg.map_int32_foreign_message[123]
+
+    # Verify that trying to assign a bad key doesn't actually add a member to
+    # the map.
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(msg.map_int32_foreign_message))
+
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString()
+    msg2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg2.ParseFromString(serialized)
+
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(msg2.map_int32_foreign_message))
+    self.assertIn(123, msg2.map_int32_foreign_message)
+    self.assertIn(-456, msg2.map_int32_foreign_message)
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(msg2.map_int32_foreign_message))
+    msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[123].c = 1
+    # TODO(jieluo): Fix text format for message map.
+    self.assertIn(str(msg2.map_int32_foreign_message),
+                  ('{-456: , 123: c: 1\n}', '{123: c: 1\n, -456: }'))
+
+  def testNestedMessageMapItemDelete(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg.map_int32_all_types[1].optional_nested_message.bb = 1
+    del msg.map_int32_all_types[1]
+    msg.map_int32_all_types[2].optional_nested_message.bb = 2
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(msg.map_int32_all_types))
+    msg.map_int32_all_types[1].optional_nested_message.bb = 1
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(msg.map_int32_all_types))
+
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString()
+    msg2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg2.ParseFromString(serialized)
+    keys = [1, 2]
+    # The loop triggers PyErr_Occurred() in c extension.
+    for key in keys:
+      del msg2.map_int32_all_types[key]
+
+  def testMapByteSize(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg.map_int32_int32[1] = 1
+    size = msg.ByteSize()
+    msg.map_int32_int32[1] = 128
+    self.assertEqual(msg.ByteSize(), size + 1)
+
+    msg.map_int32_foreign_message[19].c = 1
+    size = msg.ByteSize()
+    msg.map_int32_foreign_message[19].c = 128
+    self.assertEqual(msg.ByteSize(), size + 1)
+
+  def testMergeFrom(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg.map_int32_int32[12] = 34
+    msg.map_int32_int32[56] = 78
+    msg.map_int64_int64[22] = 33
+    msg.map_int32_foreign_message[111].c = 5
+    msg.map_int32_foreign_message[222].c = 10
+
+    msg2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg2.map_int32_int32[12] = 55
+    msg2.map_int64_int64[88] = 99
+    msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222].c = 15
+    msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222].d = 20
+    old_map_value = msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222]
+
+    msg2.MergeFrom(msg)
+    # Compare with expected message instead of call
+    # msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222] to make sure MergeFrom does not
+    # sync with repeated field and there is no duplicated keys.
+    expected_msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    expected_msg.CopyFrom(msg)
+    expected_msg.map_int64_int64[88] = 99
+    self.assertEqual(msg2, expected_msg)
+
+    self.assertEqual(34, msg2.map_int32_int32[12])
+    self.assertEqual(78, msg2.map_int32_int32[56])
+    self.assertEqual(33, msg2.map_int64_int64[22])
+    self.assertEqual(99, msg2.map_int64_int64[88])
+    self.assertEqual(5, msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[111].c)
+    self.assertEqual(10, msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222].c)
+    self.assertFalse(msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222].HasField('d'))
+    if api_implementation.Type() != 'cpp':
+      # During the call to MergeFrom(), the C++ implementation will have
+      # deallocated the underlying message, but this is very difficult to detect
+      # properly. The line below is likely to cause a segmentation fault.
+      # With the Python implementation, old_map_value is just 'detached' from
+      # the main message. Using it will not crash of course, but since it still
+      # have a reference to the parent message I'm sure we can find interesting
+      # ways to cause inconsistencies.
+      self.assertEqual(15, old_map_value.c)
+
+    # Verify that there is only one entry per key, even though the MergeFrom
+    # may have internally created multiple entries for a single key in the
+    # list representation.
+    as_dict = {}
+    for key in msg2.map_int32_foreign_message:
+      self.assertFalse(key in as_dict)
+      as_dict[key] = msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[key].c
+
+    self.assertEqual({111: 5, 222: 10}, as_dict)
+
+    # Special case: test that delete of item really removes the item, even if
+    # there might have physically been duplicate keys due to the previous merge.
+    # This is only a special case for the C++ implementation which stores the
+    # map as an array.
+    del msg2.map_int32_int32[12]
+    self.assertFalse(12 in msg2.map_int32_int32)
+
+    del msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222]
+    self.assertFalse(222 in msg2.map_int32_foreign_message)
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      del msg2.map_int32_foreign_message['']
+
+  def testMapMergeFrom(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg.map_int32_int32[12] = 34
+    msg.map_int32_int32[56] = 78
+    msg.map_int64_int64[22] = 33
+    msg.map_int32_foreign_message[111].c = 5
+    msg.map_int32_foreign_message[222].c = 10
+
+    msg2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg2.map_int32_int32[12] = 55
+    msg2.map_int64_int64[88] = 99
+    msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222].c = 15
+    msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222].d = 20
+
+    msg2.map_int32_int32.MergeFrom(msg.map_int32_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(34, msg2.map_int32_int32[12])
+    self.assertEqual(78, msg2.map_int32_int32[56])
+
+    msg2.map_int64_int64.MergeFrom(msg.map_int64_int64)
+    self.assertEqual(33, msg2.map_int64_int64[22])
+    self.assertEqual(99, msg2.map_int64_int64[88])
+
+    msg2.map_int32_foreign_message.MergeFrom(msg.map_int32_foreign_message)
+    # Compare with expected message instead of call
+    # msg.map_int32_foreign_message[222] to make sure MergeFrom does not
+    # sync with repeated field and no duplicated keys.
+    expected_msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    expected_msg.CopyFrom(msg)
+    expected_msg.map_int64_int64[88] = 99
+    self.assertEqual(msg2, expected_msg)
+
+    # Test when cpp extension cache a map.
+    m1 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    m2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    self.assertEqual(m1.map_int32_foreign_message,
+                     m1.map_int32_foreign_message)
+    m2.map_int32_foreign_message[123].c = 10
+    m1.MergeFrom(m2)
+    self.assertEqual(10, m2.map_int32_foreign_message[123].c)
+
+    # Test merge maps within different message types.
+    m1 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    m2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMessageMap()
+    m2.map_int32_message[123].optional_int32 = 10
+    m1.map_int32_all_types.MergeFrom(m2.map_int32_message)
+    self.assertEqual(10, m1.map_int32_all_types[123].optional_int32)
+
+    # Test overwrite message value map
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg.map_int32_foreign_message[222].c = 123
+    msg2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[222].d = 20
+    msg.MergeFromString(msg2.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertEqual(msg.map_int32_foreign_message[222].d, 20)
+    self.assertNotEqual(msg.map_int32_foreign_message[222].c, 123)
+
+  def testMergeFromBadType(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    with self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        TypeError,
+        r'Parameter to MergeFrom\(\) must be instance of same class: expected '
+        r'.*TestMap got int\.'):
+      msg.MergeFrom(1)
+
+  def testCopyFromBadType(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    with self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        TypeError,
+        r'Parameter to [A-Za-z]*From\(\) must be instance of same class: '
+        r'expected .*TestMap got int\.'):
+      msg.CopyFrom(1)
+
+  def testIntegerMapWithLongs(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg.map_int32_int32[long(-123)] = long(-456)
+    msg.map_int64_int64[long(-2**33)] = long(-2**34)
+    msg.map_uint32_uint32[long(123)] = long(456)
+    msg.map_uint64_uint64[long(2**33)] = long(2**34)
+
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString()
+    msg2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg2.ParseFromString(serialized)
+
+    self.assertEqual(-456, msg2.map_int32_int32[-123])
+    self.assertEqual(-2**34, msg2.map_int64_int64[-2**33])
+    self.assertEqual(456, msg2.map_uint32_uint32[123])
+    self.assertEqual(2**34, msg2.map_uint64_uint64[2**33])
+
+  def testMapAssignmentCausesPresence(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMapSubmessage()
+    msg.test_map.map_int32_int32[123] = 456
+
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString()
+    msg2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMapSubmessage()
+    msg2.ParseFromString(serialized)
+
+    self.assertEqual(msg, msg2)
+
+    # Now test that various mutations of the map properly invalidate the
+    # cached size of the submessage.
+    msg.test_map.map_int32_int32[888] = 999
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString()
+    msg2.ParseFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertEqual(msg, msg2)
+
+    msg.test_map.map_int32_int32.clear()
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString()
+    msg2.ParseFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertEqual(msg, msg2)
+
+  def testMapAssignmentCausesPresenceForSubmessages(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMapSubmessage()
+    msg.test_map.map_int32_foreign_message[123].c = 5
+
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString()
+    msg2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMapSubmessage()
+    msg2.ParseFromString(serialized)
+
+    self.assertEqual(msg, msg2)
+
+    # Now test that various mutations of the map properly invalidate the
+    # cached size of the submessage.
+    msg.test_map.map_int32_foreign_message[888].c = 7
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString()
+    msg2.ParseFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertEqual(msg, msg2)
+
+    msg.test_map.map_int32_foreign_message[888].MergeFrom(
+        msg.test_map.map_int32_foreign_message[123])
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString()
+    msg2.ParseFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertEqual(msg, msg2)
+
+    msg.test_map.map_int32_foreign_message.clear()
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString()
+    msg2.ParseFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertEqual(msg, msg2)
+
+  def testModifyMapWhileIterating(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+
+    string_string_iter = iter(msg.map_string_string)
+    int32_foreign_iter = iter(msg.map_int32_foreign_message)
+
+    msg.map_string_string['abc'] = '123'
+    msg.map_int32_foreign_message[5].c = 5
+
+    with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+      for key in string_string_iter:
+        pass
+
+    with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+      for key in int32_foreign_iter:
+        pass
+
+  def testSubmessageMap(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+
+    submsg = msg.map_int32_foreign_message[111]
+    self.assertIs(submsg, msg.map_int32_foreign_message[111])
+    self.assertIsInstance(submsg, unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage)
+
+    submsg.c = 5
+
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString()
+    msg2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg2.ParseFromString(serialized)
+
+    self.assertEqual(5, msg2.map_int32_foreign_message[111].c)
+
+    # Doesn't allow direct submessage assignment.
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      msg.map_int32_foreign_message[88] = unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage()
+
+  def testMapIteration(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+
+    for k, v in msg.map_int32_int32.items():
+      # Should not be reached.
+      self.assertTrue(False)
+
+    msg.map_int32_int32[2] = 4
+    msg.map_int32_int32[3] = 6
+    msg.map_int32_int32[4] = 8
+    self.assertEqual(3, len(msg.map_int32_int32))
+
+    matching_dict = {2: 4, 3: 6, 4: 8}
+    self.assertMapIterEquals(msg.map_int32_int32.items(), matching_dict)
+
+  def testPython2Map(self):
+    if sys.version_info < (3,):
+      msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+      msg.map_int32_int32[2] = 4
+      msg.map_int32_int32[3] = 6
+      msg.map_int32_int32[4] = 8
+      msg.map_int32_int32[5] = 10
+      map_int32 = msg.map_int32_int32
+      self.assertEqual(4, len(map_int32))
+      msg2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+      msg2.ParseFromString(msg.SerializeToString())
+
+      def CheckItems(seq, iterator):
+        self.assertEqual(next(iterator), seq[0])
+        self.assertEqual(list(iterator), seq[1:])
+
+      CheckItems(map_int32.items(), map_int32.iteritems())
+      CheckItems(map_int32.keys(), map_int32.iterkeys())
+      CheckItems(map_int32.values(), map_int32.itervalues())
+
+      self.assertEqual(6, map_int32.get(3))
+      self.assertEqual(None, map_int32.get(999))
+      self.assertEqual(6, map_int32.pop(3))
+      self.assertEqual(0, map_int32.pop(3))
+      self.assertEqual(3, len(map_int32))
+      key, value = map_int32.popitem()
+      self.assertEqual(2 * key, value)
+      self.assertEqual(2, len(map_int32))
+      map_int32.clear()
+      self.assertEqual(0, len(map_int32))
+
+      with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+        map_int32.popitem()
+
+      self.assertEqual(0, map_int32.setdefault(2))
+      self.assertEqual(1, len(map_int32))
+
+      map_int32.update(msg2.map_int32_int32)
+      self.assertEqual(4, len(map_int32))
+
+      with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+        map_int32.update(msg2.map_int32_int32,
+                         msg2.map_int32_int32)
+      with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+        map_int32.update(0)
+      with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+        map_int32.update(value=12)
+
+  def testMapItems(self):
+    # Map items used to have strange behaviors when use c extension. Because
+    # [] may reorder the map and invalidate any exsting iterators.
+    # TODO(jieluo): Check if [] reordering the map is a bug or intended
+    # behavior.
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg.map_string_string['local_init_op'] = ''
+    msg.map_string_string['trainable_variables'] = ''
+    msg.map_string_string['variables'] = ''
+    msg.map_string_string['init_op'] = ''
+    msg.map_string_string['summaries'] = ''
+    items1 = msg.map_string_string.items()
+    items2 = msg.map_string_string.items()
+    self.assertEqual(items1, items2)
+
+  def testMapDeterministicSerialization(self):
+    golden_data = (b'r\x0c\n\x07init_op\x12\x01d'
+                   b'r\n\n\x05item1\x12\x01e'
+                   b'r\n\n\x05item2\x12\x01f'
+                   b'r\n\n\x05item3\x12\x01g'
+                   b'r\x0b\n\x05item4\x12\x02QQ'
+                   b'r\x12\n\rlocal_init_op\x12\x01a'
+                   b'r\x0e\n\tsummaries\x12\x01e'
+                   b'r\x18\n\x13trainable_variables\x12\x01b'
+                   b'r\x0e\n\tvariables\x12\x01c')
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg.map_string_string['local_init_op'] = 'a'
+    msg.map_string_string['trainable_variables'] = 'b'
+    msg.map_string_string['variables'] = 'c'
+    msg.map_string_string['init_op'] = 'd'
+    msg.map_string_string['summaries'] = 'e'
+    msg.map_string_string['item1'] = 'e'
+    msg.map_string_string['item2'] = 'f'
+    msg.map_string_string['item3'] = 'g'
+    msg.map_string_string['item4'] = 'QQ'
+
+    # If deterministic serialization is not working correctly, this will be
+    # "flaky" depending on the exact python dict hash seed.
+    #
+    # Fortunately, there are enough items in this map that it is extremely
+    # unlikely to ever hit the "right" in-order combination, so the test
+    # itself should fail reliably.
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, msg.SerializeToString(deterministic=True))
+
+  def testMapIterationClearMessage(self):
+    # Iterator needs to work even if message and map are deleted.
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+
+    msg.map_int32_int32[2] = 4
+    msg.map_int32_int32[3] = 6
+    msg.map_int32_int32[4] = 8
+
+    it = msg.map_int32_int32.items()
+    del msg
+
+    matching_dict = {2: 4, 3: 6, 4: 8}
+    self.assertMapIterEquals(it, matching_dict)
+
+  def testMapConstruction(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap(map_int32_int32={1: 2, 3: 4})
+    self.assertEqual(2, msg.map_int32_int32[1])
+    self.assertEqual(4, msg.map_int32_int32[3])
+
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap(
+        map_int32_foreign_message={3: unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=5)})
+    self.assertEqual(5, msg.map_int32_foreign_message[3].c)
+
+  def testMapScalarFieldConstruction(self):
+    msg1 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg1.map_int32_int32[1] = 42
+    msg2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap(map_int32_int32=msg1.map_int32_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(42, msg2.map_int32_int32[1])
+
+  def testMapMessageFieldConstruction(self):
+    msg1 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg1.map_string_foreign_message['test'].c = 42
+    msg2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap(
+      map_string_foreign_message=msg1.map_string_foreign_message)
+    self.assertEqual(42, msg2.map_string_foreign_message['test'].c)
+
+  def testMapFieldRaisesCorrectError(self):
+    # Should raise a TypeError when given a non-iterable.
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      map_unittest_pb2.TestMap(map_string_foreign_message=1)
+
+  def testMapValidAfterFieldCleared(self):
+    # Map needs to work even if field is cleared.
+    # For the C++ implementation this tests the correctness of
+    # MapContainer::Release()
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    int32_map = msg.map_int32_int32
+
+    int32_map[2] = 4
+    int32_map[3] = 6
+    int32_map[4] = 8
+
+    msg.ClearField('map_int32_int32')
+    self.assertEqual(b'', msg.SerializeToString())
+    matching_dict = {2: 4, 3: 6, 4: 8}
+    self.assertMapIterEquals(int32_map.items(), matching_dict)
+
+  def testMessageMapValidAfterFieldCleared(self):
+    # Map needs to work even if field is cleared.
+    # For the C++ implementation this tests the correctness of
+    # MapContainer::Release()
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    int32_foreign_message = msg.map_int32_foreign_message
+
+    int32_foreign_message[2].c = 5
+
+    msg.ClearField('map_int32_foreign_message')
+    self.assertEqual(b'', msg.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertTrue(2 in int32_foreign_message.keys())
+
+  def testMessageMapItemValidAfterTopMessageCleared(self):
+    # Message map item needs to work even if it is cleared.
+    # For the C++ implementation this tests the correctness of
+    # MapContainer::Release()
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg.map_int32_all_types[2].optional_string = 'bar'
+
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+      # Need to keep the map reference because of b/27942626.
+      # TODO(jieluo): Remove it.
+      unused_map = msg.map_int32_all_types  # pylint: disable=unused-variable
+    msg_value = msg.map_int32_all_types[2]
+    msg.Clear()
+
+    # Reset to trigger sync between repeated field and map in c++.
+    msg.map_int32_all_types[3].optional_string = 'foo'
+    self.assertEqual(msg_value.optional_string, 'bar')
+
+  def testMapIterInvalidatedByClearField(self):
+    # Map iterator is invalidated when field is cleared.
+    # But this case does need to not crash the interpreter.
+    # For the C++ implementation this tests the correctness of
+    # ScalarMapContainer::Release()
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+
+    it = iter(msg.map_int32_int32)
+
+    msg.ClearField('map_int32_int32')
+    with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+      for _ in it:
+        pass
+
+    it = iter(msg.map_int32_foreign_message)
+    msg.ClearField('map_int32_foreign_message')
+    with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+      for _ in it:
+        pass
+
+  def testMapDelete(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(msg.map_int32_int32))
+
+    msg.map_int32_int32[4] = 6
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(msg.map_int32_int32))
+
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      del msg.map_int32_int32[88]
+
+    del msg.map_int32_int32[4]
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(msg.map_int32_int32))
+
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      del msg.map_int32_all_types[32]
+
+  def testMapsAreMapping(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    self.assertIsInstance(msg.map_int32_int32, collections_abc.Mapping)
+    self.assertIsInstance(msg.map_int32_int32, collections_abc.MutableMapping)
+    self.assertIsInstance(msg.map_int32_foreign_message, collections_abc.Mapping)
+    self.assertIsInstance(msg.map_int32_foreign_message,
+                          collections_abc.MutableMapping)
+
+  def testMapsCompare(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg.map_int32_int32[-123] = -456
+    self.assertEqual(msg.map_int32_int32, msg.map_int32_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(msg.map_int32_foreign_message,
+                     msg.map_int32_foreign_message)
+    self.assertNotEqual(msg.map_int32_int32, 0)
+
+  def testMapFindInitializationErrorsSmokeTest(self):
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg.map_string_string['abc'] = '123'
+    msg.map_int32_int32[35] = 64
+    msg.map_string_foreign_message['foo'].c = 5
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(msg.FindInitializationErrors()))
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(sys.maxunicode == UCS2_MAXUNICODE, 'Skip for ucs2')
+  def testStrictUtf8Check(self):
+    # Test u'\ud801' is rejected at parser in both python2 and python3.
+    serialized = (b'r\x03\xed\xa0\x81')
+    msg = unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    with self.assertRaises(Exception) as context:
+      msg.MergeFromString(serialized)
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      self.assertIn('optional_string', str(context.exception))
+    else:
+      self.assertIn('Error parsing message', str(context.exception))
+
+    # Test optional_string=u'�' is accepted.
+    serialized = unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+        optional_string=u'�').SerializeToString()
+    msg2 = unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    msg2.MergeFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertEqual(msg2.optional_string, u'�')
+
+    msg = unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+        optional_string=u'\ud001')
+    self.assertEqual(msg.optional_string, u'\ud001')
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(six.PY2, 'Surrogates are acceptable in python2')
+  def testSurrogatesInPython3(self):
+    # Surrogates like U+D83D is an invalid unicode character, it is
+    # supported by Python2 only because in some builds, unicode strings
+    # use 2-bytes code units. Since Python 3.3, we don't have this problem.
+    #
+    # Surrogates are utf16 code units, in a unicode string they are invalid
+    # characters even when they appear in pairs like u'\ud801\udc01'. Protobuf
+    # Python3 reject such cases at setters and parsers. Python2 accpect it
+    # to keep same features with the language itself. 'Unpaired pairs'
+    # like u'\ud801' are rejected at parsers when strict utf8 check is enabled
+    # in proto3 to keep same behavior with c extension.
+
+    # Surrogates are rejected at setters in Python3.
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+          optional_string=u'\ud801\udc01')
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+          optional_string=b'\xed\xa0\x81')
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+          optional_string=u'\ud801')
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+          optional_string=u'\ud801\ud801')
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(six.PY3 or sys.maxunicode == UCS2_MAXUNICODE,
+                   'Surrogates are rejected at setters in Python3')
+  def testSurrogatesInPython2(self):
+    # Test optional_string=u'\ud801\udc01'.
+    # surrogate pair is acceptable in python2.
+    msg = unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+        optional_string=u'\ud801\udc01')
+    # TODO(jieluo): Change pure python to have same behavior with c extension.
+    # Some build in python2 consider u'\ud801\udc01' and u'\U00010401' are
+    # equal, some are not equal.
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      self.assertEqual(msg.optional_string, u'\ud801\udc01')
+    else:
+      self.assertEqual(msg.optional_string, u'\U00010401')
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString()
+    msg2 = unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    msg2.MergeFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertEqual(msg2.optional_string, u'\U00010401')
+
+    # Python2 does not reject surrogates at setters.
+    msg = unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+        optional_string=b'\xed\xa0\x81')
+    unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+        optional_string=u'\ud801')
+    unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+        optional_string=u'\ud801\ud801')
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class ValidTypeNamesTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def assertImportFromName(self, msg, base_name):
+    # Parse <type 'module.class_name'> to extra 'some.name' as a string.
+    tp_name = str(type(msg)).split("'")[1]
+    valid_names = ('Repeated%sContainer' % base_name,
+                   'Repeated%sFieldContainer' % base_name)
+    self.assertTrue(any(tp_name.endswith(v) for v in valid_names),
+                    '%r does end with any of %r' % (tp_name, valid_names))
+
+    parts = tp_name.split('.')
+    class_name = parts[-1]
+    module_name = '.'.join(parts[:-1])
+    __import__(module_name, fromlist=[class_name])
+
+  def testTypeNamesCanBeImported(self):
+    # If import doesn't work, pickling won't work either.
+    pb = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertImportFromName(pb.repeated_int32, 'Scalar')
+    self.assertImportFromName(pb.repeated_nested_message, 'Composite')
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class PackedFieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setMessage(self, message):
+    message.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    message.repeated_int64.append(1)
+    message.repeated_uint32.append(1)
+    message.repeated_uint64.append(1)
+    message.repeated_sint32.append(1)
+    message.repeated_sint64.append(1)
+    message.repeated_fixed32.append(1)
+    message.repeated_fixed64.append(1)
+    message.repeated_sfixed32.append(1)
+    message.repeated_sfixed64.append(1)
+    message.repeated_float.append(1.0)
+    message.repeated_double.append(1.0)
+    message.repeated_bool.append(True)
+    message.repeated_nested_enum.append(1)
+
+  def testPackedFields(self):
+    message = packed_field_test_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    self.setMessage(message)
+    golden_data = (b'\x0A\x01\x01'
+                   b'\x12\x01\x01'
+                   b'\x1A\x01\x01'
+                   b'\x22\x01\x01'
+                   b'\x2A\x01\x02'
+                   b'\x32\x01\x02'
+                   b'\x3A\x04\x01\x00\x00\x00'
+                   b'\x42\x08\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
+                   b'\x4A\x04\x01\x00\x00\x00'
+                   b'\x52\x08\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
+                   b'\x5A\x04\x00\x00\x80\x3f'
+                   b'\x62\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf0\x3f'
+                   b'\x6A\x01\x01'
+                   b'\x72\x01\x01')
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, message.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testUnpackedFields(self):
+    message = packed_field_test_pb2.TestUnpackedTypes()
+    self.setMessage(message)
+    golden_data = (b'\x08\x01'
+                   b'\x10\x01'
+                   b'\x18\x01'
+                   b'\x20\x01'
+                   b'\x28\x02'
+                   b'\x30\x02'
+                   b'\x3D\x01\x00\x00\x00'
+                   b'\x41\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
+                   b'\x4D\x01\x00\x00\x00'
+                   b'\x51\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
+                   b'\x5D\x00\x00\x80\x3f'
+                   b'\x61\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf0\x3f'
+                   b'\x68\x01'
+                   b'\x70\x01')
+    self.assertEqual(golden_data, message.SerializeToString())
+
+
+@unittest.skipIf(api_implementation.Type() != 'cpp' or
+                 sys.version_info < (2, 7),
+                 'explicit tests of the C++ implementation for PY27 and above')
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class OversizeProtosTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  @classmethod
+  def setUpClass(cls):
+    # At the moment, reference cycles between DescriptorPool and Message classes
+    # are not detected and these objects are never freed.
+    # To avoid errors with ReferenceLeakChecker, we create the class only once.
+    file_desc = """
+      name: "f/f.msg2"
+      package: "f"
+      message_type {
+        name: "msg1"
+        field {
+          name: "payload"
+          number: 1
+          label: LABEL_OPTIONAL
+          type: TYPE_STRING
+        }
+      }
+      message_type {
+        name: "msg2"
+        field {
+          name: "field"
+          number: 1
+          label: LABEL_OPTIONAL
+          type: TYPE_MESSAGE
+          type_name: "msg1"
+        }
+      }
+    """
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    desc = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    text_format.Parse(file_desc, desc)
+    pool.Add(desc)
+    cls.proto_cls = message_factory.MessageFactory(pool).GetPrototype(
+        pool.FindMessageTypeByName('f.msg2'))
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.p = self.proto_cls()
+    self.p.field.payload = 'c' * (1024 * 1024 * 64 + 1)
+    self.p_serialized = self.p.SerializeToString()
+
+  def testAssertOversizeProto(self):
+    from google.protobuf.pyext._message import SetAllowOversizeProtos
+    SetAllowOversizeProtos(False)
+    q = self.proto_cls()
+    try:
+      q.ParseFromString(self.p_serialized)
+    except message.DecodeError as e:
+      self.assertEqual(str(e), 'Error parsing message')
+
+  def testSucceedOversizeProto(self):
+    from google.protobuf.pyext._message import SetAllowOversizeProtos
+    SetAllowOversizeProtos(True)
+    q = self.proto_cls()
+    q.ParseFromString(self.p_serialized)
+    self.assertEqual(self.p.field.payload, q.field.payload)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/missing_enum_values.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/missing_enum_values.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c0f499db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/missing_enum_values.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+
+package google.protobuf.python.internal;
+
+message TestEnumValues {
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    ZERO = 0;
+    ONE = 1;
+  }
+  optional NestedEnum optional_nested_enum = 1;
+  repeated NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 2;
+  repeated NestedEnum packed_nested_enum = 3 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestMissingEnumValues {
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    TWO = 2;
+  }
+  optional NestedEnum optional_nested_enum = 1;
+  repeated NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 2;
+  repeated NestedEnum packed_nested_enum = 3 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message JustString {
+  required string dummy = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5038fd244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package google.protobuf.internal;
+
+
+message TopLevelMessage {
+  optional ExtendedMessage submessage = 1;
+}
+
+
+message ExtendedMessage {
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 1001;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 1002;
+  extensions 1 to 999;
+}
+
+
+message ForeignMessage {
+  optional int32 foreign_message_int = 1;
+}
+
+
+extend ExtendedMessage {
+  optional int32 optional_int_extension = 1;
+  optional ForeignMessage optional_message_extension = 2;
+
+  repeated int32 repeated_int_extension = 3;
+  repeated ForeignMessage repeated_message_extension = 4;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions_dynamic.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions_dynamic.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98fcbcb66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions_dynamic.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jasonh@google.com (Jason Hsueh)
+//
+// This file is used to test a corner case in the CPP implementation where the
+// generated C++ type is available for the extendee, but the extension is
+// defined in a file whose C++ type is not in the binary.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions.proto";
+
+package google.protobuf.internal;
+
+message DynamicMessageType {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+}
+
+extend ExtendedMessage {
+  optional int32 dynamic_int32_extension = 100;
+  optional DynamicMessageType dynamic_message_extension = 101;
+  repeated DynamicMessageType repeated_dynamic_message_extension = 102;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_messages.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_messages.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5889c481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/more_messages.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)
+
+// LINT: LEGACY_NAMES
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package google.protobuf.internal;
+
+// A message where tag numbers are listed out of order, to allow us to test our
+// canonicalization of serialized output, which should always be in tag order.
+// We also mix in some extensions for extra fun.
+message OutOfOrderFields {
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+  extensions 4 to 4;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+  extensions 2 to 2;
+  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+};
+
+
+extend OutOfOrderFields {
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+}
+
+enum is {                               // top level enum keyword
+  default = 0;
+  else = 1;                             // top level enum value keyword
+}
+
+message class {                         // message keyword
+  optional int32 int_field = 1;
+  optional int32 if = 2;                // field keyword
+  optional is as = 3;                   // enum field keyword
+  optional is enum_field = 4;
+  enum for {                            // nested enum keyword
+    default = 0;
+    True = 1;                           // nested enum value keyword
+  }
+  optional for nested_enum_field = 5;
+  message try {
+    optional int32 field = 1;
+    extensions 999 to 9999;
+  }
+  optional try nested_message = 6;
+  extensions 999 to 9999;
+}
+
+extend class {
+  optional int32 continue = 1001;       // top level extension keyword
+}
+
+extend class.try {
+  optional int32 with = 1001;
+}
+
+message ExtendClass {
+  extend class {
+    optional int32 return = 1002;       // nested extension keyword
+  }
+}
+
+message TestFullKeyword {
+  optional google.protobuf.internal.OutOfOrderFields field1 = 1;
+  optional google.protobuf.internal.class field2 = 2;
+}
+
+// TODO(jieluo): Add keyword support for service.
+// service False {
+//   rpc Bar(class) returns (class);
+// }
+
+message LotsNestedMessage {
+  message B0 {}
+  message B1 {}
+  message B2 {}
+  message B3 {}
+  message B4 {}
+  message B5 {}
+  message B6 {}
+  message B7 {}
+  message B8 {}
+  message B9 {}
+  message B10 {}
+  message B11 {}
+  message B12 {}
+  message B13 {}
+  message B14 {}
+  message B15 {}
+  message B16 {}
+  message B17 {}
+  message B18 {}
+  message B19 {}
+  message B20 {}
+  message B21 {}
+  message B22 {}
+  message B23 {}
+  message B24 {}
+  message B25 {}
+  message B26 {}
+  message B27 {}
+  message B28 {}
+  message B29 {}
+  message B30 {}
+  message B31 {}
+  message B32 {}
+  message B33 {}
+  message B34 {}
+  message B35 {}
+  message B36 {}
+  message B37 {}
+  message B38 {}
+  message B39 {}
+  message B40 {}
+  message B41 {}
+  message B42 {}
+  message B43 {}
+  message B44 {}
+  message B45 {}
+  message B46 {}
+  message B47 {}
+  message B48 {}
+  message B49 {}
+  message B50 {}
+  message B51 {}
+  message B52 {}
+  message B53 {}
+  message B54 {}
+  message B55 {}
+  message B56 {}
+  message B57 {}
+  message B58 {}
+  message B59 {}
+  message B60 {}
+  message B61 {}
+  message B62 {}
+  message B63 {}
+  message B64 {}
+  message B65 {}
+  message B66 {}
+  message B67 {}
+  message B68 {}
+  message B69 {}
+  message B70 {}
+  message B71 {}
+  message B72 {}
+  message B73 {}
+  message B74 {}
+  message B75 {}
+  message B76 {}
+  message B77 {}
+  message B78 {}
+  message B79 {}
+  message B80 {}
+  message B81 {}
+  message B82 {}
+  message B83 {}
+  message B84 {}
+  message B85 {}
+  message B86 {}
+  message B87 {}
+  message B88 {}
+  message B89 {}
+  message B90 {}
+  message B91 {}
+  message B92 {}
+  message B93 {}
+  message B94 {}
+  message B95 {}
+  message B96 {}
+  message B97 {}
+  message B98 {}
+  message B99 {}
+  message B100 {}
+  message B101 {}
+  message B102 {}
+  message B103 {}
+  message B104 {}
+  message B105 {}
+  message B106 {}
+  message B107 {}
+  message B108 {}
+  message B109 {}
+  message B110 {}
+  message B111 {}
+  message B112 {}
+  message B113 {}
+  message B114 {}
+  message B115 {}
+  message B116 {}
+  message B117 {}
+  message B118 {}
+  message B119 {}
+  message B120 {}
+  message B121 {}
+  message B122 {}
+  message B123 {}
+  message B124 {}
+  message B125 {}
+  message B126 {}
+  message B127 {}
+  message B128 {}
+  message B129 {}
+  message B130 {}
+  message B131 {}
+  message B132 {}
+  message B133 {}
+  message B134 {}
+  message B135 {}
+  message B136 {}
+  message B137 {}
+  message B138 {}
+  message B139 {}
+  message B140 {}
+  message B141 {}
+  message B142 {}
+  message B143 {}
+  message B144 {}
+  message B145 {}
+  message B146 {}
+  message B147 {}
+  message B148 {}
+  message B149 {}
+  message B150 {}
+  message B151 {}
+  message B152 {}
+  message B153 {}
+  message B154 {}
+  message B155 {}
+  message B156 {}
+  message B157 {}
+  message B158 {}
+  message B159 {}
+  message B160 {}
+  message B161 {}
+  message B162 {}
+  message B163 {}
+  message B164 {}
+  message B165 {}
+  message B166 {}
+  message B167 {}
+  message B168 {}
+  message B169 {}
+  message B170 {}
+  message B171 {}
+  message B172 {}
+  message B173 {}
+  message B174 {}
+  message B175 {}
+  message B176 {}
+  message B177 {}
+  message B178 {}
+  message B179 {}
+  message B180 {}
+  message B181 {}
+  message B182 {}
+  message B183 {}
+  message B184 {}
+  message B185 {}
+  message B186 {}
+  message B187 {}
+  message B188 {}
+  message B189 {}
+  message B190 {}
+  message B191 {}
+  message B192 {}
+  message B193 {}
+  message B194 {}
+  message B195 {}
+  message B196 {}
+  message B197 {}
+  message B198 {}
+  message B199 {}
+  message B200 {}
+  message B201 {}
+  message B202 {}
+  message B203 {}
+  message B204 {}
+  message B205 {}
+  message B206 {}
+  message B207 {}
+  message B208 {}
+  message B209 {}
+  message B210 {}
+  message B211 {}
+  message B212 {}
+  message B213 {}
+  message B214 {}
+  message B215 {}
+  message B216 {}
+  message B217 {}
+  message B218 {}
+  message B219 {}
+  message B220 {}
+  message B221 {}
+  message B222 {}
+  message B223 {}
+  message B224 {}
+  message B225 {}
+  message B226 {}
+  message B227 {}
+  message B228 {}
+  message B229 {}
+  message B230 {}
+  message B231 {}
+  message B232 {}
+  message B233 {}
+  message B234 {}
+  message B235 {}
+  message B236 {}
+  message B237 {}
+  message B238 {}
+  message B239 {}
+  message B240 {}
+  message B241 {}
+  message B242 {}
+  message B243 {}
+  message B244 {}
+  message B245 {}
+  message B246 {}
+  message B247 {}
+  message B248 {}
+  message B249 {}
+  message B250 {}
+  message B251 {}
+  message B252 {}
+  message B253 {}
+  message B254 {}
+  message B255 {}
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/no_package.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/no_package.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49eda9592
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/no_package.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+enum NoPackageEnum {
+  NO_PACKAGE_VALUE_0 = 0;
+  NO_PACKAGE_VALUE_1 = 1;
+}
+
+message NoPackageMessage {
+  optional NoPackageEnum no_package_enum = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/packed_field_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/packed_field_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0dfdc10a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/packed_field_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf.python.internal;
+
+message TestPackedTypes {
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+  }
+
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    =  1;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    =  2;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   =  3;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   =  4;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   =  5;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   =  6;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  =  7;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  =  8;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 =  9;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 10;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 11;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 12;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 13;
+  repeated NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 14;
+}
+
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    =  1 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    =  2 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   =  3 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   =  4 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   =  5 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   =  6 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  =  7 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  =  8 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 =  9 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 10 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 11 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 12 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 13 [packed = false];
+  repeated TestPackedTypes.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 14 [packed = false];
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/proto_builder_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/proto_builder_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36dfbfded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/proto_builder_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests for google.protobuf.proto_builder."""
+
+try:
+    from collections import OrderedDict
+except ImportError:
+    from ordereddict import OrderedDict  #PY26
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool
+from google.protobuf import proto_builder
+from google.protobuf import text_format
+
+
+class ProtoBuilderTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.ordered_fields = OrderedDict([
+        ('foo', descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_INT64),
+        ('bar', descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_STRING),
+        ])
+    self._fields = dict(self.ordered_fields)
+
+  def testMakeSimpleProtoClass(self):
+    """Test that we can create a proto class."""
+    proto_cls = proto_builder.MakeSimpleProtoClass(
+        self._fields,
+        full_name='net.proto2.python.public.proto_builder_test.Test')
+    proto = proto_cls()
+    proto.foo = 12345
+    proto.bar = 'asdf'
+    self.assertMultiLineEqual(
+        'bar: "asdf"\nfoo: 12345\n', text_format.MessageToString(proto))
+
+  def testOrderedFields(self):
+    """Test that the field order is maintained when given an OrderedDict."""
+    proto_cls = proto_builder.MakeSimpleProtoClass(
+        self.ordered_fields,
+        full_name='net.proto2.python.public.proto_builder_test.OrderedTest')
+    proto = proto_cls()
+    proto.foo = 12345
+    proto.bar = 'asdf'
+    self.assertMultiLineEqual(
+        'foo: 12345\nbar: "asdf"\n', text_format.MessageToString(proto))
+
+  def testMakeSameProtoClassTwice(self):
+    """Test that the DescriptorPool is used."""
+    pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    proto_cls1 = proto_builder.MakeSimpleProtoClass(
+        self._fields,
+        full_name='net.proto2.python.public.proto_builder_test.Test',
+        pool=pool)
+    proto_cls2 = proto_builder.MakeSimpleProtoClass(
+        self._fields,
+        full_name='net.proto2.python.public.proto_builder_test.Test',
+        pool=pool)
+    self.assertIs(proto_cls1.DESCRIPTOR, proto_cls2.DESCRIPTOR)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/python_message.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/python_message.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8fb194602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/python_message.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1529 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# This code is meant to work on Python 2.4 and above only.
+#
+# TODO(robinson): Helpers for verbose, common checks like seeing if a
+# descriptor's cpp_type is CPPTYPE_MESSAGE.
+
+"""Contains a metaclass and helper functions used to create
+protocol message classes from Descriptor objects at runtime.
+
+Recall that a metaclass is the "type" of a class.
+(A class is to a metaclass what an instance is to a class.)
+
+In this case, we use the GeneratedProtocolMessageType metaclass
+to inject all the useful functionality into the classes
+output by the protocol compiler at compile-time.
+
+The upshot of all this is that the real implementation
+details for ALL pure-Python protocol buffers are *here in
+this file*.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+from io import BytesIO
+import struct
+import sys
+import weakref
+
+import six
+from six.moves import range
+
+# We use "as" to avoid name collisions with variables.
+from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+from google.protobuf.internal import containers
+from google.protobuf.internal import decoder
+from google.protobuf.internal import encoder
+from google.protobuf.internal import enum_type_wrapper
+from google.protobuf.internal import extension_dict
+from google.protobuf.internal import message_listener as message_listener_mod
+from google.protobuf.internal import type_checkers
+from google.protobuf.internal import well_known_types
+from google.protobuf.internal import wire_format
+from google.protobuf import descriptor as descriptor_mod
+from google.protobuf import message as message_mod
+from google.protobuf import text_format
+
+_FieldDescriptor = descriptor_mod.FieldDescriptor
+_AnyFullTypeName = 'google.protobuf.Any'
+_ExtensionDict = extension_dict._ExtensionDict
+
+class GeneratedProtocolMessageType(type):
+
+  """Metaclass for protocol message classes created at runtime from Descriptors.
+
+  We add implementations for all methods described in the Message class.  We
+  also create properties to allow getting/setting all fields in the protocol
+  message.  Finally, we create slots to prevent users from accidentally
+  "setting" nonexistent fields in the protocol message, which then wouldn't get
+  serialized / deserialized properly.
+
+  The protocol compiler currently uses this metaclass to create protocol
+  message classes at runtime.  Clients can also manually create their own
+  classes at runtime, as in this example:
+
+  mydescriptor = Descriptor(.....)
+  factory = symbol_database.Default()
+  factory.pool.AddDescriptor(mydescriptor)
+  MyProtoClass = factory.GetPrototype(mydescriptor)
+  myproto_instance = MyProtoClass()
+  myproto.foo_field = 23
+  ...
+  """
+
+  # Must be consistent with the protocol-compiler code in
+  # proto2/compiler/internal/generator.*.
+  _DESCRIPTOR_KEY = 'DESCRIPTOR'
+
+  def __new__(cls, name, bases, dictionary):
+    """Custom allocation for runtime-generated class types.
+
+    We override __new__ because this is apparently the only place
+    where we can meaningfully set __slots__ on the class we're creating(?).
+    (The interplay between metaclasses and slots is not very well-documented).
+
+    Args:
+      name: Name of the class (ignored, but required by the
+        metaclass protocol).
+      bases: Base classes of the class we're constructing.
+        (Should be message.Message).  We ignore this field, but
+        it's required by the metaclass protocol
+      dictionary: The class dictionary of the class we're
+        constructing.  dictionary[_DESCRIPTOR_KEY] must contain
+        a Descriptor object describing this protocol message
+        type.
+
+    Returns:
+      Newly-allocated class.
+    """
+    descriptor = dictionary[GeneratedProtocolMessageType._DESCRIPTOR_KEY]
+
+    # If a concrete class already exists for this descriptor, don't try to
+    # create another.  Doing so will break any messages that already exist with
+    # the existing class.
+    #
+    # The C++ implementation appears to have its own internal `PyMessageFactory`
+    # to achieve similar results.
+    #
+    # This most commonly happens in `text_format.py` when using descriptors from
+    # a custom pool; it calls symbol_database.Global().getPrototype() on a
+    # descriptor which already has an existing concrete class.
+    new_class = getattr(descriptor, '_concrete_class', None)
+    if new_class:
+      return new_class
+
+    if descriptor.full_name in well_known_types.WKTBASES:
+      bases += (well_known_types.WKTBASES[descriptor.full_name],)
+    _AddClassAttributesForNestedExtensions(descriptor, dictionary)
+    _AddSlots(descriptor, dictionary)
+
+    superclass = super(GeneratedProtocolMessageType, cls)
+    new_class = superclass.__new__(cls, name, bases, dictionary)
+    return new_class
+
+  def __init__(cls, name, bases, dictionary):
+    """Here we perform the majority of our work on the class.
+    We add enum getters, an __init__ method, implementations
+    of all Message methods, and properties for all fields
+    in the protocol type.
+
+    Args:
+      name: Name of the class (ignored, but required by the
+        metaclass protocol).
+      bases: Base classes of the class we're constructing.
+        (Should be message.Message).  We ignore this field, but
+        it's required by the metaclass protocol
+      dictionary: The class dictionary of the class we're
+        constructing.  dictionary[_DESCRIPTOR_KEY] must contain
+        a Descriptor object describing this protocol message
+        type.
+    """
+    descriptor = dictionary[GeneratedProtocolMessageType._DESCRIPTOR_KEY]
+
+    # If this is an _existing_ class looked up via `_concrete_class` in the
+    # __new__ method above, then we don't need to re-initialize anything.
+    existing_class = getattr(descriptor, '_concrete_class', None)
+    if existing_class:
+      assert existing_class is cls, (
+          'Duplicate `GeneratedProtocolMessageType` created for descriptor %r'
+          % (descriptor.full_name))
+      return
+
+    cls._decoders_by_tag = {}
+    if (descriptor.has_options and
+        descriptor.GetOptions().message_set_wire_format):
+      cls._decoders_by_tag[decoder.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM_TAG] = (
+          decoder.MessageSetItemDecoder(descriptor), None)
+
+    # Attach stuff to each FieldDescriptor for quick lookup later on.
+    for field in descriptor.fields:
+      _AttachFieldHelpers(cls, field)
+
+    descriptor._concrete_class = cls  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    _AddEnumValues(descriptor, cls)
+    _AddInitMethod(descriptor, cls)
+    _AddPropertiesForFields(descriptor, cls)
+    _AddPropertiesForExtensions(descriptor, cls)
+    _AddStaticMethods(cls)
+    _AddMessageMethods(descriptor, cls)
+    _AddPrivateHelperMethods(descriptor, cls)
+
+    superclass = super(GeneratedProtocolMessageType, cls)
+    superclass.__init__(name, bases, dictionary)
+
+
+# Stateless helpers for GeneratedProtocolMessageType below.
+# Outside clients should not access these directly.
+#
+# I opted not to make any of these methods on the metaclass, to make it more
+# clear that I'm not really using any state there and to keep clients from
+# thinking that they have direct access to these construction helpers.
+
+
+def _PropertyName(proto_field_name):
+  """Returns the name of the public property attribute which
+  clients can use to get and (in some cases) set the value
+  of a protocol message field.
+
+  Args:
+    proto_field_name: The protocol message field name, exactly
+      as it appears (or would appear) in a .proto file.
+  """
+  # TODO(robinson): Escape Python keywords (e.g., yield), and test this support.
+  # nnorwitz makes my day by writing:
+  # """
+  # FYI.  See the keyword module in the stdlib. This could be as simple as:
+  #
+  # if keyword.iskeyword(proto_field_name):
+  #   return proto_field_name + "_"
+  # return proto_field_name
+  # """
+  # Kenton says:  The above is a BAD IDEA.  People rely on being able to use
+  #   getattr() and setattr() to reflectively manipulate field values.  If we
+  #   rename the properties, then every such user has to also make sure to apply
+  #   the same transformation.  Note that currently if you name a field "yield",
+  #   you can still access it just fine using getattr/setattr -- it's not even
+  #   that cumbersome to do so.
+  # TODO(kenton):  Remove this method entirely if/when everyone agrees with my
+  #   position.
+  return proto_field_name
+
+
+def _AddSlots(message_descriptor, dictionary):
+  """Adds a __slots__ entry to dictionary, containing the names of all valid
+  attributes for this message type.
+
+  Args:
+    message_descriptor: A Descriptor instance describing this message type.
+    dictionary: Class dictionary to which we'll add a '__slots__' entry.
+  """
+  dictionary['__slots__'] = ['_cached_byte_size',
+                             '_cached_byte_size_dirty',
+                             '_fields',
+                             '_unknown_fields',
+                             '_unknown_field_set',
+                             '_is_present_in_parent',
+                             '_listener',
+                             '_listener_for_children',
+                             '__weakref__',
+                             '_oneofs']
+
+
+def _IsMessageSetExtension(field):
+  return (field.is_extension and
+          field.containing_type.has_options and
+          field.containing_type.GetOptions().message_set_wire_format and
+          field.type == _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE and
+          field.label == _FieldDescriptor.LABEL_OPTIONAL)
+
+
+def _IsMapField(field):
+  return (field.type == _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE and
+          field.message_type.has_options and
+          field.message_type.GetOptions().map_entry)
+
+
+def _IsMessageMapField(field):
+  value_type = field.message_type.fields_by_name['value']
+  return value_type.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
+
+
+def _IsStrictUtf8Check(field):
+  if field.containing_type.syntax != 'proto3':
+    return False
+  enforce_utf8 = True
+  return enforce_utf8
+
+
+def _AttachFieldHelpers(cls, field_descriptor):
+  is_repeated = (field_descriptor.label == _FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED)
+  is_packable = (is_repeated and
+                 wire_format.IsTypePackable(field_descriptor.type))
+  if not is_packable:
+    is_packed = False
+  elif field_descriptor.containing_type.syntax == 'proto2':
+    is_packed = (field_descriptor.has_options and
+                field_descriptor.GetOptions().packed)
+  else:
+    has_packed_false = (field_descriptor.has_options and
+                        field_descriptor.GetOptions().HasField('packed') and
+                        field_descriptor.GetOptions().packed == False)
+    is_packed = not has_packed_false
+  is_map_entry = _IsMapField(field_descriptor)
+
+  if is_map_entry:
+    field_encoder = encoder.MapEncoder(field_descriptor)
+    sizer = encoder.MapSizer(field_descriptor,
+                             _IsMessageMapField(field_descriptor))
+  elif _IsMessageSetExtension(field_descriptor):
+    field_encoder = encoder.MessageSetItemEncoder(field_descriptor.number)
+    sizer = encoder.MessageSetItemSizer(field_descriptor.number)
+  else:
+    field_encoder = type_checkers.TYPE_TO_ENCODER[field_descriptor.type](
+        field_descriptor.number, is_repeated, is_packed)
+    sizer = type_checkers.TYPE_TO_SIZER[field_descriptor.type](
+        field_descriptor.number, is_repeated, is_packed)
+
+  field_descriptor._encoder = field_encoder
+  field_descriptor._sizer = sizer
+  field_descriptor._default_constructor = _DefaultValueConstructorForField(
+      field_descriptor)
+
+  def AddDecoder(wiretype, is_packed):
+    tag_bytes = encoder.TagBytes(field_descriptor.number, wiretype)
+    decode_type = field_descriptor.type
+    if (decode_type == _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM and
+        type_checkers.SupportsOpenEnums(field_descriptor)):
+      decode_type = _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT32
+
+    oneof_descriptor = None
+    if field_descriptor.containing_oneof is not None:
+      oneof_descriptor = field_descriptor
+
+    if is_map_entry:
+      is_message_map = _IsMessageMapField(field_descriptor)
+
+      field_decoder = decoder.MapDecoder(
+          field_descriptor, _GetInitializeDefaultForMap(field_descriptor),
+          is_message_map)
+    elif decode_type == _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_STRING:
+      is_strict_utf8_check = _IsStrictUtf8Check(field_descriptor)
+      field_decoder = decoder.StringDecoder(
+          field_descriptor.number, is_repeated, is_packed,
+          field_descriptor, field_descriptor._default_constructor,
+          is_strict_utf8_check)
+    else:
+      field_decoder = type_checkers.TYPE_TO_DECODER[decode_type](
+          field_descriptor.number, is_repeated, is_packed,
+          field_descriptor, field_descriptor._default_constructor)
+
+    cls._decoders_by_tag[tag_bytes] = (field_decoder, oneof_descriptor)
+
+  AddDecoder(type_checkers.FIELD_TYPE_TO_WIRE_TYPE[field_descriptor.type],
+             False)
+
+  if is_repeated and wire_format.IsTypePackable(field_descriptor.type):
+    # To support wire compatibility of adding packed = true, add a decoder for
+    # packed values regardless of the field's options.
+    AddDecoder(wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, True)
+
+
+def _AddClassAttributesForNestedExtensions(descriptor, dictionary):
+  extensions = descriptor.extensions_by_name
+  for extension_name, extension_field in extensions.items():
+    assert extension_name not in dictionary
+    dictionary[extension_name] = extension_field
+
+
+def _AddEnumValues(descriptor, cls):
+  """Sets class-level attributes for all enum fields defined in this message.
+
+  Also exporting a class-level object that can name enum values.
+
+  Args:
+    descriptor: Descriptor object for this message type.
+    cls: Class we're constructing for this message type.
+  """
+  for enum_type in descriptor.enum_types:
+    setattr(cls, enum_type.name, enum_type_wrapper.EnumTypeWrapper(enum_type))
+    for enum_value in enum_type.values:
+      setattr(cls, enum_value.name, enum_value.number)
+
+
+def _GetInitializeDefaultForMap(field):
+  if field.label != _FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+    raise ValueError('map_entry set on non-repeated field %s' % (
+        field.name))
+  fields_by_name = field.message_type.fields_by_name
+  key_checker = type_checkers.GetTypeChecker(fields_by_name['key'])
+
+  value_field = fields_by_name['value']
+  if _IsMessageMapField(field):
+    def MakeMessageMapDefault(message):
+      return containers.MessageMap(
+          message._listener_for_children, value_field.message_type, key_checker,
+          field.message_type)
+    return MakeMessageMapDefault
+  else:
+    value_checker = type_checkers.GetTypeChecker(value_field)
+    def MakePrimitiveMapDefault(message):
+      return containers.ScalarMap(
+          message._listener_for_children, key_checker, value_checker,
+          field.message_type)
+    return MakePrimitiveMapDefault
+
+def _DefaultValueConstructorForField(field):
+  """Returns a function which returns a default value for a field.
+
+  Args:
+    field: FieldDescriptor object for this field.
+
+  The returned function has one argument:
+    message: Message instance containing this field, or a weakref proxy
+      of same.
+
+  That function in turn returns a default value for this field.  The default
+    value may refer back to |message| via a weak reference.
+  """
+
+  if _IsMapField(field):
+    return _GetInitializeDefaultForMap(field)
+
+  if field.label == _FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+    if field.has_default_value and field.default_value != []:
+      raise ValueError('Repeated field default value not empty list: %s' % (
+          field.default_value))
+    if field.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      # We can't look at _concrete_class yet since it might not have
+      # been set.  (Depends on order in which we initialize the classes).
+      message_type = field.message_type
+      def MakeRepeatedMessageDefault(message):
+        return containers.RepeatedCompositeFieldContainer(
+            message._listener_for_children, field.message_type)
+      return MakeRepeatedMessageDefault
+    else:
+      type_checker = type_checkers.GetTypeChecker(field)
+      def MakeRepeatedScalarDefault(message):
+        return containers.RepeatedScalarFieldContainer(
+            message._listener_for_children, type_checker)
+      return MakeRepeatedScalarDefault
+
+  if field.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+    # _concrete_class may not yet be initialized.
+    message_type = field.message_type
+    def MakeSubMessageDefault(message):
+      assert getattr(message_type, '_concrete_class', None), (
+          'Uninitialized concrete class found for field %r (message type %r)'
+          % (field.full_name, message_type.full_name))
+      result = message_type._concrete_class()
+      result._SetListener(
+          _OneofListener(message, field)
+          if field.containing_oneof is not None
+          else message._listener_for_children)
+      return result
+    return MakeSubMessageDefault
+
+  def MakeScalarDefault(message):
+    # TODO(protobuf-team): This may be broken since there may not be
+    # default_value.  Combine with has_default_value somehow.
+    return field.default_value
+  return MakeScalarDefault
+
+
+def _ReraiseTypeErrorWithFieldName(message_name, field_name):
+  """Re-raise the currently-handled TypeError with the field name added."""
+  exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+  if len(exc.args) == 1 and type(exc) is TypeError:
+    # simple TypeError; add field name to exception message
+    exc = TypeError('%s for field %s.%s' % (str(exc), message_name, field_name))
+
+  # re-raise possibly-amended exception with original traceback:
+  six.reraise(type(exc), exc, sys.exc_info()[2])
+
+
+def _AddInitMethod(message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Adds an __init__ method to cls."""
+
+  def _GetIntegerEnumValue(enum_type, value):
+    """Convert a string or integer enum value to an integer.
+
+    If the value is a string, it is converted to the enum value in
+    enum_type with the same name.  If the value is not a string, it's
+    returned as-is.  (No conversion or bounds-checking is done.)
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+      try:
+        return enum_type.values_by_name[value].number
+      except KeyError:
+        raise ValueError('Enum type %s: unknown label "%s"' % (
+            enum_type.full_name, value))
+    return value
+
+  def init(self, **kwargs):
+    self._cached_byte_size = 0
+    self._cached_byte_size_dirty = len(kwargs) > 0
+    self._fields = {}
+    # Contains a mapping from oneof field descriptors to the descriptor
+    # of the currently set field in that oneof field.
+    self._oneofs = {}
+
+    # _unknown_fields is () when empty for efficiency, and will be turned into
+    # a list if fields are added.
+    self._unknown_fields = ()
+    # _unknown_field_set is None when empty for efficiency, and will be
+    # turned into UnknownFieldSet struct if fields are added.
+    self._unknown_field_set = None      # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    self._is_present_in_parent = False
+    self._listener = message_listener_mod.NullMessageListener()
+    self._listener_for_children = _Listener(self)
+    for field_name, field_value in kwargs.items():
+      field = _GetFieldByName(message_descriptor, field_name)
+      if field is None:
+        raise TypeError('%s() got an unexpected keyword argument "%s"' %
+                        (message_descriptor.name, field_name))
+      if field_value is None:
+        # field=None is the same as no field at all.
+        continue
+      if field.label == _FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+        copy = field._default_constructor(self)
+        if field.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:  # Composite
+          if _IsMapField(field):
+            if _IsMessageMapField(field):
+              for key in field_value:
+                copy[key].MergeFrom(field_value[key])
+            else:
+              copy.update(field_value)
+          else:
+            for val in field_value:
+              if isinstance(val, dict):
+                copy.add(**val)
+              else:
+                copy.add().MergeFrom(val)
+        else:  # Scalar
+          if field.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+            field_value = [_GetIntegerEnumValue(field.enum_type, val)
+                           for val in field_value]
+          copy.extend(field_value)
+        self._fields[field] = copy
+      elif field.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        copy = field._default_constructor(self)
+        new_val = field_value
+        if isinstance(field_value, dict):
+          new_val = field.message_type._concrete_class(**field_value)
+        try:
+          copy.MergeFrom(new_val)
+        except TypeError:
+          _ReraiseTypeErrorWithFieldName(message_descriptor.name, field_name)
+        self._fields[field] = copy
+      else:
+        if field.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+          field_value = _GetIntegerEnumValue(field.enum_type, field_value)
+        try:
+          setattr(self, field_name, field_value)
+        except TypeError:
+          _ReraiseTypeErrorWithFieldName(message_descriptor.name, field_name)
+
+  init.__module__ = None
+  init.__doc__ = None
+  cls.__init__ = init
+
+
+def _GetFieldByName(message_descriptor, field_name):
+  """Returns a field descriptor by field name.
+
+  Args:
+    message_descriptor: A Descriptor describing all fields in message.
+    field_name: The name of the field to retrieve.
+  Returns:
+    The field descriptor associated with the field name.
+  """
+  try:
+    return message_descriptor.fields_by_name[field_name]
+  except KeyError:
+    raise ValueError('Protocol message %s has no "%s" field.' %
+                     (message_descriptor.name, field_name))
+
+
+def _AddPropertiesForFields(descriptor, cls):
+  """Adds properties for all fields in this protocol message type."""
+  for field in descriptor.fields:
+    _AddPropertiesForField(field, cls)
+
+  if descriptor.is_extendable:
+    # _ExtensionDict is just an adaptor with no state so we allocate a new one
+    # every time it is accessed.
+    cls.Extensions = property(lambda self: _ExtensionDict(self))
+
+
+def _AddPropertiesForField(field, cls):
+  """Adds a public property for a protocol message field.
+  Clients can use this property to get and (in the case
+  of non-repeated scalar fields) directly set the value
+  of a protocol message field.
+
+  Args:
+    field: A FieldDescriptor for this field.
+    cls: The class we're constructing.
+  """
+  # Catch it if we add other types that we should
+  # handle specially here.
+  assert _FieldDescriptor.MAX_CPPTYPE == 10
+
+  constant_name = field.name.upper() + '_FIELD_NUMBER'
+  setattr(cls, constant_name, field.number)
+
+  if field.label == _FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+    _AddPropertiesForRepeatedField(field, cls)
+  elif field.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+    _AddPropertiesForNonRepeatedCompositeField(field, cls)
+  else:
+    _AddPropertiesForNonRepeatedScalarField(field, cls)
+
+
+class _FieldProperty(property):
+  __slots__ = ('DESCRIPTOR',)
+
+  def __init__(self, descriptor, getter, setter, doc):
+    property.__init__(self, getter, setter, doc=doc)
+    self.DESCRIPTOR = descriptor
+
+
+def _AddPropertiesForRepeatedField(field, cls):
+  """Adds a public property for a "repeated" protocol message field.  Clients
+  can use this property to get the value of the field, which will be either a
+  RepeatedScalarFieldContainer or RepeatedCompositeFieldContainer (see
+  below).
+
+  Note that when clients add values to these containers, we perform
+  type-checking in the case of repeated scalar fields, and we also set any
+  necessary "has" bits as a side-effect.
+
+  Args:
+    field: A FieldDescriptor for this field.
+    cls: The class we're constructing.
+  """
+  proto_field_name = field.name
+  property_name = _PropertyName(proto_field_name)
+
+  def getter(self):
+    field_value = self._fields.get(field)
+    if field_value is None:
+      # Construct a new object to represent this field.
+      field_value = field._default_constructor(self)
+
+      # Atomically check if another thread has preempted us and, if not, swap
+      # in the new object we just created.  If someone has preempted us, we
+      # take that object and discard ours.
+      # WARNING:  We are relying on setdefault() being atomic.  This is true
+      #   in CPython but we haven't investigated others.  This warning appears
+      #   in several other locations in this file.
+      field_value = self._fields.setdefault(field, field_value)
+    return field_value
+  getter.__module__ = None
+  getter.__doc__ = 'Getter for %s.' % proto_field_name
+
+  # We define a setter just so we can throw an exception with a more
+  # helpful error message.
+  def setter(self, new_value):
+    raise AttributeError('Assignment not allowed to repeated field '
+                         '"%s" in protocol message object.' % proto_field_name)
+
+  doc = 'Magic attribute generated for "%s" proto field.' % proto_field_name
+  setattr(cls, property_name, _FieldProperty(field, getter, setter, doc=doc))
+
+
+def _AddPropertiesForNonRepeatedScalarField(field, cls):
+  """Adds a public property for a nonrepeated, scalar protocol message field.
+  Clients can use this property to get and directly set the value of the field.
+  Note that when the client sets the value of a field by using this property,
+  all necessary "has" bits are set as a side-effect, and we also perform
+  type-checking.
+
+  Args:
+    field: A FieldDescriptor for this field.
+    cls: The class we're constructing.
+  """
+  proto_field_name = field.name
+  property_name = _PropertyName(proto_field_name)
+  type_checker = type_checkers.GetTypeChecker(field)
+  default_value = field.default_value
+  is_proto3 = field.containing_type.syntax == 'proto3'
+
+  def getter(self):
+    # TODO(protobuf-team): This may be broken since there may not be
+    # default_value.  Combine with has_default_value somehow.
+    return self._fields.get(field, default_value)
+  getter.__module__ = None
+  getter.__doc__ = 'Getter for %s.' % proto_field_name
+
+  clear_when_set_to_default = is_proto3 and not field.containing_oneof
+
+  def field_setter(self, new_value):
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    # Testing the value for truthiness captures all of the proto3 defaults
+    # (0, 0.0, enum 0, and False).
+    try:
+      new_value = type_checker.CheckValue(new_value)
+    except TypeError as e:
+      raise TypeError(
+          'Cannot set %s to %.1024r: %s' % (field.full_name, new_value, e))
+    if clear_when_set_to_default and not new_value:
+      self._fields.pop(field, None)
+    else:
+      self._fields[field] = new_value
+    # Check _cached_byte_size_dirty inline to improve performance, since scalar
+    # setters are called frequently.
+    if not self._cached_byte_size_dirty:
+      self._Modified()
+
+  if field.containing_oneof:
+    def setter(self, new_value):
+      field_setter(self, new_value)
+      self._UpdateOneofState(field)
+  else:
+    setter = field_setter
+
+  setter.__module__ = None
+  setter.__doc__ = 'Setter for %s.' % proto_field_name
+
+  # Add a property to encapsulate the getter/setter.
+  doc = 'Magic attribute generated for "%s" proto field.' % proto_field_name
+  setattr(cls, property_name, _FieldProperty(field, getter, setter, doc=doc))
+
+
+def _AddPropertiesForNonRepeatedCompositeField(field, cls):
+  """Adds a public property for a nonrepeated, composite protocol message field.
+  A composite field is a "group" or "message" field.
+
+  Clients can use this property to get the value of the field, but cannot
+  assign to the property directly.
+
+  Args:
+    field: A FieldDescriptor for this field.
+    cls: The class we're constructing.
+  """
+  # TODO(robinson): Remove duplication with similar method
+  # for non-repeated scalars.
+  proto_field_name = field.name
+  property_name = _PropertyName(proto_field_name)
+
+  def getter(self):
+    field_value = self._fields.get(field)
+    if field_value is None:
+      # Construct a new object to represent this field.
+      field_value = field._default_constructor(self)
+
+      # Atomically check if another thread has preempted us and, if not, swap
+      # in the new object we just created.  If someone has preempted us, we
+      # take that object and discard ours.
+      # WARNING:  We are relying on setdefault() being atomic.  This is true
+      #   in CPython but we haven't investigated others.  This warning appears
+      #   in several other locations in this file.
+      field_value = self._fields.setdefault(field, field_value)
+    return field_value
+  getter.__module__ = None
+  getter.__doc__ = 'Getter for %s.' % proto_field_name
+
+  # We define a setter just so we can throw an exception with a more
+  # helpful error message.
+  def setter(self, new_value):
+    raise AttributeError('Assignment not allowed to composite field '
+                         '"%s" in protocol message object.' % proto_field_name)
+
+  # Add a property to encapsulate the getter.
+  doc = 'Magic attribute generated for "%s" proto field.' % proto_field_name
+  setattr(cls, property_name, _FieldProperty(field, getter, setter, doc=doc))
+
+
+def _AddPropertiesForExtensions(descriptor, cls):
+  """Adds properties for all fields in this protocol message type."""
+  extensions = descriptor.extensions_by_name
+  for extension_name, extension_field in extensions.items():
+    constant_name = extension_name.upper() + '_FIELD_NUMBER'
+    setattr(cls, constant_name, extension_field.number)
+
+  # TODO(amauryfa): Migrate all users of these attributes to functions like
+  #   pool.FindExtensionByNumber(descriptor).
+  if descriptor.file is not None:
+    # TODO(amauryfa): Use cls.MESSAGE_FACTORY.pool when available.
+    pool = descriptor.file.pool
+    cls._extensions_by_number = pool._extensions_by_number[descriptor]
+    cls._extensions_by_name = pool._extensions_by_name[descriptor]
+
+def _AddStaticMethods(cls):
+  # TODO(robinson): This probably needs to be thread-safe(?)
+  def RegisterExtension(extension_handle):
+    extension_handle.containing_type = cls.DESCRIPTOR
+    # TODO(amauryfa): Use cls.MESSAGE_FACTORY.pool when available.
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    cls.DESCRIPTOR.file.pool._AddExtensionDescriptor(extension_handle)
+    _AttachFieldHelpers(cls, extension_handle)
+  cls.RegisterExtension = staticmethod(RegisterExtension)
+
+  def FromString(s):
+    message = cls()
+    message.MergeFromString(s)
+    return message
+  cls.FromString = staticmethod(FromString)
+
+
+def _IsPresent(item):
+  """Given a (FieldDescriptor, value) tuple from _fields, return true if the
+  value should be included in the list returned by ListFields()."""
+
+  if item[0].label == _FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+    return bool(item[1])
+  elif item[0].cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+    return item[1]._is_present_in_parent
+  else:
+    return True
+
+
+def _AddListFieldsMethod(message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Helper for _AddMessageMethods()."""
+
+  def ListFields(self):
+    all_fields = [item for item in self._fields.items() if _IsPresent(item)]
+    all_fields.sort(key = lambda item: item[0].number)
+    return all_fields
+
+  cls.ListFields = ListFields
+
+_PROTO3_ERROR_TEMPLATE = \
+  'Protocol message %s has no non-repeated submessage field "%s"'
+_PROTO2_ERROR_TEMPLATE = 'Protocol message %s has no non-repeated field "%s"'
+
+def _AddHasFieldMethod(message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Helper for _AddMessageMethods()."""
+
+  is_proto3 = (message_descriptor.syntax == "proto3")
+  error_msg = _PROTO3_ERROR_TEMPLATE if is_proto3 else _PROTO2_ERROR_TEMPLATE
+
+  hassable_fields = {}
+  for field in message_descriptor.fields:
+    if field.label == _FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+      continue
+    # For proto3, only submessages and fields inside a oneof have presence.
+    if (is_proto3 and field.cpp_type != _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE and
+        not field.containing_oneof):
+      continue
+    hassable_fields[field.name] = field
+
+  if not is_proto3:
+    # Fields inside oneofs are never repeated (enforced by the compiler).
+    for oneof in message_descriptor.oneofs:
+      hassable_fields[oneof.name] = oneof
+
+  def HasField(self, field_name):
+    try:
+      field = hassable_fields[field_name]
+    except KeyError:
+      raise ValueError(error_msg % (message_descriptor.full_name, field_name))
+
+    if isinstance(field, descriptor_mod.OneofDescriptor):
+      try:
+        return HasField(self, self._oneofs[field].name)
+      except KeyError:
+        return False
+    else:
+      if field.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        value = self._fields.get(field)
+        return value is not None and value._is_present_in_parent
+      else:
+        return field in self._fields
+
+  cls.HasField = HasField
+
+
+def _AddClearFieldMethod(message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Helper for _AddMessageMethods()."""
+  def ClearField(self, field_name):
+    try:
+      field = message_descriptor.fields_by_name[field_name]
+    except KeyError:
+      try:
+        field = message_descriptor.oneofs_by_name[field_name]
+        if field in self._oneofs:
+          field = self._oneofs[field]
+        else:
+          return
+      except KeyError:
+        raise ValueError('Protocol message %s has no "%s" field.' %
+                         (message_descriptor.name, field_name))
+
+    if field in self._fields:
+      # To match the C++ implementation, we need to invalidate iterators
+      # for map fields when ClearField() happens.
+      if hasattr(self._fields[field], 'InvalidateIterators'):
+        self._fields[field].InvalidateIterators()
+
+      # Note:  If the field is a sub-message, its listener will still point
+      #   at us.  That's fine, because the worst than can happen is that it
+      #   will call _Modified() and invalidate our byte size.  Big deal.
+      del self._fields[field]
+
+      if self._oneofs.get(field.containing_oneof, None) is field:
+        del self._oneofs[field.containing_oneof]
+
+    # Always call _Modified() -- even if nothing was changed, this is
+    # a mutating method, and thus calling it should cause the field to become
+    # present in the parent message.
+    self._Modified()
+
+  cls.ClearField = ClearField
+
+
+def _AddClearExtensionMethod(cls):
+  """Helper for _AddMessageMethods()."""
+  def ClearExtension(self, extension_handle):
+    extension_dict._VerifyExtensionHandle(self, extension_handle)
+
+    # Similar to ClearField(), above.
+    if extension_handle in self._fields:
+      del self._fields[extension_handle]
+    self._Modified()
+  cls.ClearExtension = ClearExtension
+
+
+def _AddHasExtensionMethod(cls):
+  """Helper for _AddMessageMethods()."""
+  def HasExtension(self, extension_handle):
+    extension_dict._VerifyExtensionHandle(self, extension_handle)
+    if extension_handle.label == _FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+      raise KeyError('"%s" is repeated.' % extension_handle.full_name)
+
+    if extension_handle.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      value = self._fields.get(extension_handle)
+      return value is not None and value._is_present_in_parent
+    else:
+      return extension_handle in self._fields
+  cls.HasExtension = HasExtension
+
+def _InternalUnpackAny(msg):
+  """Unpacks Any message and returns the unpacked message.
+
+  This internal method is different from public Any Unpack method which takes
+  the target message as argument. _InternalUnpackAny method does not have
+  target message type and need to find the message type in descriptor pool.
+
+  Args:
+    msg: An Any message to be unpacked.
+
+  Returns:
+    The unpacked message.
+  """
+  # TODO(amauryfa): Don't use the factory of generated messages.
+  # To make Any work with custom factories, use the message factory of the
+  # parent message.
+  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+  from google.protobuf import symbol_database
+  factory = symbol_database.Default()
+
+  type_url = msg.type_url
+
+  if not type_url:
+    return None
+
+  # TODO(haberman): For now we just strip the hostname.  Better logic will be
+  # required.
+  type_name = type_url.split('/')[-1]
+  descriptor = factory.pool.FindMessageTypeByName(type_name)
+
+  if descriptor is None:
+    return None
+
+  message_class = factory.GetPrototype(descriptor)
+  message = message_class()
+
+  message.ParseFromString(msg.value)
+  return message
+
+
+def _AddEqualsMethod(message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Helper for _AddMessageMethods()."""
+  def __eq__(self, other):
+    if (not isinstance(other, message_mod.Message) or
+        other.DESCRIPTOR != self.DESCRIPTOR):
+      return False
+
+    if self is other:
+      return True
+
+    if self.DESCRIPTOR.full_name == _AnyFullTypeName:
+      any_a = _InternalUnpackAny(self)
+      any_b = _InternalUnpackAny(other)
+      if any_a and any_b:
+        return any_a == any_b
+
+    if not self.ListFields() == other.ListFields():
+      return False
+
+    # TODO(jieluo): Fix UnknownFieldSet to consider MessageSet extensions,
+    # then use it for the comparison.
+    unknown_fields = list(self._unknown_fields)
+    unknown_fields.sort()
+    other_unknown_fields = list(other._unknown_fields)
+    other_unknown_fields.sort()
+    return unknown_fields == other_unknown_fields
+
+  cls.__eq__ = __eq__
+
+
+def _AddStrMethod(message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Helper for _AddMessageMethods()."""
+  def __str__(self):
+    return text_format.MessageToString(self)
+  cls.__str__ = __str__
+
+
+def _AddReprMethod(message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Helper for _AddMessageMethods()."""
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return text_format.MessageToString(self)
+  cls.__repr__ = __repr__
+
+
+def _AddUnicodeMethod(unused_message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Helper for _AddMessageMethods()."""
+
+  def __unicode__(self):
+    return text_format.MessageToString(self, as_utf8=True).decode('utf-8')
+  cls.__unicode__ = __unicode__
+
+
+def _BytesForNonRepeatedElement(value, field_number, field_type):
+  """Returns the number of bytes needed to serialize a non-repeated element.
+  The returned byte count includes space for tag information and any
+  other additional space associated with serializing value.
+
+  Args:
+    value: Value we're serializing.
+    field_number: Field number of this value.  (Since the field number
+      is stored as part of a varint-encoded tag, this has an impact
+      on the total bytes required to serialize the value).
+    field_type: The type of the field.  One of the TYPE_* constants
+      within FieldDescriptor.
+  """
+  try:
+    fn = type_checkers.TYPE_TO_BYTE_SIZE_FN[field_type]
+    return fn(field_number, value)
+  except KeyError:
+    raise message_mod.EncodeError('Unrecognized field type: %d' % field_type)
+
+
+def _AddByteSizeMethod(message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Helper for _AddMessageMethods()."""
+
+  def ByteSize(self):
+    if not self._cached_byte_size_dirty:
+      return self._cached_byte_size
+
+    size = 0
+    descriptor = self.DESCRIPTOR
+    if descriptor.GetOptions().map_entry:
+      # Fields of map entry should always be serialized.
+      size = descriptor.fields_by_name['key']._sizer(self.key)
+      size += descriptor.fields_by_name['value']._sizer(self.value)
+    else:
+      for field_descriptor, field_value in self.ListFields():
+        size += field_descriptor._sizer(field_value)
+      for tag_bytes, value_bytes in self._unknown_fields:
+        size += len(tag_bytes) + len(value_bytes)
+
+    self._cached_byte_size = size
+    self._cached_byte_size_dirty = False
+    self._listener_for_children.dirty = False
+    return size
+
+  cls.ByteSize = ByteSize
+
+
+def _AddSerializeToStringMethod(message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Helper for _AddMessageMethods()."""
+
+  def SerializeToString(self, **kwargs):
+    # Check if the message has all of its required fields set.
+    if not self.IsInitialized():
+      raise message_mod.EncodeError(
+          'Message %s is missing required fields: %s' % (
+          self.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, ','.join(self.FindInitializationErrors())))
+    return self.SerializePartialToString(**kwargs)
+  cls.SerializeToString = SerializeToString
+
+
+def _AddSerializePartialToStringMethod(message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Helper for _AddMessageMethods()."""
+
+  def SerializePartialToString(self, **kwargs):
+    out = BytesIO()
+    self._InternalSerialize(out.write, **kwargs)
+    return out.getvalue()
+  cls.SerializePartialToString = SerializePartialToString
+
+  def InternalSerialize(self, write_bytes, deterministic=None):
+    if deterministic is None:
+      deterministic = (
+          api_implementation.IsPythonDefaultSerializationDeterministic())
+    else:
+      deterministic = bool(deterministic)
+
+    descriptor = self.DESCRIPTOR
+    if descriptor.GetOptions().map_entry:
+      # Fields of map entry should always be serialized.
+      descriptor.fields_by_name['key']._encoder(
+          write_bytes, self.key, deterministic)
+      descriptor.fields_by_name['value']._encoder(
+          write_bytes, self.value, deterministic)
+    else:
+      for field_descriptor, field_value in self.ListFields():
+        field_descriptor._encoder(write_bytes, field_value, deterministic)
+      for tag_bytes, value_bytes in self._unknown_fields:
+        write_bytes(tag_bytes)
+        write_bytes(value_bytes)
+  cls._InternalSerialize = InternalSerialize
+
+
+def _AddMergeFromStringMethod(message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Helper for _AddMessageMethods()."""
+  def MergeFromString(self, serialized):
+    if isinstance(serialized, memoryview) and six.PY2:
+      raise TypeError(
+          'memoryview not supported in Python 2 with the pure Python proto '
+          'implementation: this is to maintain compatibility with the C++ '
+          'implementation')
+
+    serialized = memoryview(serialized)
+    length = len(serialized)
+    try:
+      if self._InternalParse(serialized, 0, length) != length:
+        # The only reason _InternalParse would return early is if it
+        # encountered an end-group tag.
+        raise message_mod.DecodeError('Unexpected end-group tag.')
+    except (IndexError, TypeError):
+      # Now ord(buf[p:p+1]) == ord('') gets TypeError.
+      raise message_mod.DecodeError('Truncated message.')
+    except struct.error as e:
+      raise message_mod.DecodeError(e)
+    return length   # Return this for legacy reasons.
+  cls.MergeFromString = MergeFromString
+
+  local_ReadTag = decoder.ReadTag
+  local_SkipField = decoder.SkipField
+  decoders_by_tag = cls._decoders_by_tag
+
+  def InternalParse(self, buffer, pos, end):
+    """Create a message from serialized bytes.
+
+    Args:
+      self: Message, instance of the proto message object.
+      buffer: memoryview of the serialized data.
+      pos: int, position to start in the serialized data.
+      end: int, end position of the serialized data.
+
+    Returns:
+      Message object.
+    """
+    # Guard against internal misuse, since this function is called internally
+    # quite extensively, and its easy to accidentally pass bytes.
+    assert isinstance(buffer, memoryview)
+    self._Modified()
+    field_dict = self._fields
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    unknown_field_set = self._unknown_field_set
+    while pos != end:
+      (tag_bytes, new_pos) = local_ReadTag(buffer, pos)
+      field_decoder, field_desc = decoders_by_tag.get(tag_bytes, (None, None))
+      if field_decoder is None:
+        if not self._unknown_fields:   # pylint: disable=protected-access
+          self._unknown_fields = []    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+        if unknown_field_set is None:
+          # pylint: disable=protected-access
+          self._unknown_field_set = containers.UnknownFieldSet()
+          # pylint: disable=protected-access
+          unknown_field_set = self._unknown_field_set
+        # pylint: disable=protected-access
+        (tag, _) = decoder._DecodeVarint(tag_bytes, 0)
+        field_number, wire_type = wire_format.UnpackTag(tag)
+        if field_number == 0:
+          raise message_mod.DecodeError('Field number 0 is illegal.')
+        # TODO(jieluo): remove old_pos.
+        old_pos = new_pos
+        (data, new_pos) = decoder._DecodeUnknownField(
+            buffer, new_pos, wire_type)  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+        if new_pos == -1:
+          return pos
+        # pylint: disable=protected-access
+        unknown_field_set._add(field_number, wire_type, data)
+        # TODO(jieluo): remove _unknown_fields.
+        new_pos = local_SkipField(buffer, old_pos, end, tag_bytes)
+        if new_pos == -1:
+          return pos
+        self._unknown_fields.append(
+            (tag_bytes, buffer[old_pos:new_pos].tobytes()))
+        pos = new_pos
+      else:
+        pos = field_decoder(buffer, new_pos, end, self, field_dict)
+        if field_desc:
+          self._UpdateOneofState(field_desc)
+    return pos
+  cls._InternalParse = InternalParse
+
+
+def _AddIsInitializedMethod(message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Adds the IsInitialized and FindInitializationError methods to the
+  protocol message class."""
+
+  required_fields = [field for field in message_descriptor.fields
+                           if field.label == _FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REQUIRED]
+
+  def IsInitialized(self, errors=None):
+    """Checks if all required fields of a message are set.
+
+    Args:
+      errors:  A list which, if provided, will be populated with the field
+               paths of all missing required fields.
+
+    Returns:
+      True iff the specified message has all required fields set.
+    """
+
+    # Performance is critical so we avoid HasField() and ListFields().
+
+    for field in required_fields:
+      if (field not in self._fields or
+          (field.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE and
+           not self._fields[field]._is_present_in_parent)):
+        if errors is not None:
+          errors.extend(self.FindInitializationErrors())
+        return False
+
+    for field, value in list(self._fields.items()):  # dict can change size!
+      if field.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if field.label == _FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+          if (field.message_type.has_options and
+              field.message_type.GetOptions().map_entry):
+            continue
+          for element in value:
+            if not element.IsInitialized():
+              if errors is not None:
+                errors.extend(self.FindInitializationErrors())
+              return False
+        elif value._is_present_in_parent and not value.IsInitialized():
+          if errors is not None:
+            errors.extend(self.FindInitializationErrors())
+          return False
+
+    return True
+
+  cls.IsInitialized = IsInitialized
+
+  def FindInitializationErrors(self):
+    """Finds required fields which are not initialized.
+
+    Returns:
+      A list of strings.  Each string is a path to an uninitialized field from
+      the top-level message, e.g. "foo.bar[5].baz".
+    """
+
+    errors = []  # simplify things
+
+    for field in required_fields:
+      if not self.HasField(field.name):
+        errors.append(field.name)
+
+    for field, value in self.ListFields():
+      if field.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if field.is_extension:
+          name = '(%s)' % field.full_name
+        else:
+          name = field.name
+
+        if _IsMapField(field):
+          if _IsMessageMapField(field):
+            for key in value:
+              element = value[key]
+              prefix = '%s[%s].' % (name, key)
+              sub_errors = element.FindInitializationErrors()
+              errors += [prefix + error for error in sub_errors]
+          else:
+            # ScalarMaps can't have any initialization errors.
+            pass
+        elif field.label == _FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+          for i in range(len(value)):
+            element = value[i]
+            prefix = '%s[%d].' % (name, i)
+            sub_errors = element.FindInitializationErrors()
+            errors += [prefix + error for error in sub_errors]
+        else:
+          prefix = name + '.'
+          sub_errors = value.FindInitializationErrors()
+          errors += [prefix + error for error in sub_errors]
+
+    return errors
+
+  cls.FindInitializationErrors = FindInitializationErrors
+
+
+def _AddMergeFromMethod(cls):
+  LABEL_REPEATED = _FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED
+  CPPTYPE_MESSAGE = _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
+
+  def MergeFrom(self, msg):
+    if not isinstance(msg, cls):
+      raise TypeError(
+          'Parameter to MergeFrom() must be instance of same class: '
+          'expected %s got %s.' % (cls.__name__, msg.__class__.__name__))
+
+    assert msg is not self
+    self._Modified()
+
+    fields = self._fields
+
+    for field, value in msg._fields.items():
+      if field.label == LABEL_REPEATED:
+        field_value = fields.get(field)
+        if field_value is None:
+          # Construct a new object to represent this field.
+          field_value = field._default_constructor(self)
+          fields[field] = field_value
+        field_value.MergeFrom(value)
+      elif field.cpp_type == CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if value._is_present_in_parent:
+          field_value = fields.get(field)
+          if field_value is None:
+            # Construct a new object to represent this field.
+            field_value = field._default_constructor(self)
+            fields[field] = field_value
+          field_value.MergeFrom(value)
+      else:
+        self._fields[field] = value
+        if field.containing_oneof:
+          self._UpdateOneofState(field)
+
+    if msg._unknown_fields:
+      if not self._unknown_fields:
+        self._unknown_fields = []
+      self._unknown_fields.extend(msg._unknown_fields)
+      # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      if self._unknown_field_set is None:
+        self._unknown_field_set = containers.UnknownFieldSet()
+      self._unknown_field_set._extend(msg._unknown_field_set)
+
+  cls.MergeFrom = MergeFrom
+
+
+def _AddWhichOneofMethod(message_descriptor, cls):
+  def WhichOneof(self, oneof_name):
+    """Returns the name of the currently set field inside a oneof, or None."""
+    try:
+      field = message_descriptor.oneofs_by_name[oneof_name]
+    except KeyError:
+      raise ValueError(
+          'Protocol message has no oneof "%s" field.' % oneof_name)
+
+    nested_field = self._oneofs.get(field, None)
+    if nested_field is not None and self.HasField(nested_field.name):
+      return nested_field.name
+    else:
+      return None
+
+  cls.WhichOneof = WhichOneof
+
+
+def _Clear(self):
+  # Clear fields.
+  self._fields = {}
+  self._unknown_fields = ()
+  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+  if self._unknown_field_set is not None:
+    self._unknown_field_set._clear()
+    self._unknown_field_set = None
+
+  self._oneofs = {}
+  self._Modified()
+
+
+def _UnknownFields(self):
+  if self._unknown_field_set is None:  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    self._unknown_field_set = containers.UnknownFieldSet()
+  return self._unknown_field_set    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+
+
+def _DiscardUnknownFields(self):
+  self._unknown_fields = []
+  self._unknown_field_set = None      # pylint: disable=protected-access
+  for field, value in self.ListFields():
+    if field.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      if _IsMapField(field):
+        if _IsMessageMapField(field):
+          for key in value:
+            value[key].DiscardUnknownFields()
+      elif field.label == _FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+        for sub_message in value:
+          sub_message.DiscardUnknownFields()
+      else:
+        value.DiscardUnknownFields()
+
+
+def _SetListener(self, listener):
+  if listener is None:
+    self._listener = message_listener_mod.NullMessageListener()
+  else:
+    self._listener = listener
+
+
+def _AddMessageMethods(message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Adds implementations of all Message methods to cls."""
+  _AddListFieldsMethod(message_descriptor, cls)
+  _AddHasFieldMethod(message_descriptor, cls)
+  _AddClearFieldMethod(message_descriptor, cls)
+  if message_descriptor.is_extendable:
+    _AddClearExtensionMethod(cls)
+    _AddHasExtensionMethod(cls)
+  _AddEqualsMethod(message_descriptor, cls)
+  _AddStrMethod(message_descriptor, cls)
+  _AddReprMethod(message_descriptor, cls)
+  _AddUnicodeMethod(message_descriptor, cls)
+  _AddByteSizeMethod(message_descriptor, cls)
+  _AddSerializeToStringMethod(message_descriptor, cls)
+  _AddSerializePartialToStringMethod(message_descriptor, cls)
+  _AddMergeFromStringMethod(message_descriptor, cls)
+  _AddIsInitializedMethod(message_descriptor, cls)
+  _AddMergeFromMethod(cls)
+  _AddWhichOneofMethod(message_descriptor, cls)
+  # Adds methods which do not depend on cls.
+  cls.Clear = _Clear
+  cls.UnknownFields = _UnknownFields
+  cls.DiscardUnknownFields = _DiscardUnknownFields
+  cls._SetListener = _SetListener
+
+
+def _AddPrivateHelperMethods(message_descriptor, cls):
+  """Adds implementation of private helper methods to cls."""
+
+  def Modified(self):
+    """Sets the _cached_byte_size_dirty bit to true,
+    and propagates this to our listener iff this was a state change.
+    """
+
+    # Note:  Some callers check _cached_byte_size_dirty before calling
+    #   _Modified() as an extra optimization.  So, if this method is ever
+    #   changed such that it does stuff even when _cached_byte_size_dirty is
+    #   already true, the callers need to be updated.
+    if not self._cached_byte_size_dirty:
+      self._cached_byte_size_dirty = True
+      self._listener_for_children.dirty = True
+      self._is_present_in_parent = True
+      self._listener.Modified()
+
+  def _UpdateOneofState(self, field):
+    """Sets field as the active field in its containing oneof.
+
+    Will also delete currently active field in the oneof, if it is different
+    from the argument. Does not mark the message as modified.
+    """
+    other_field = self._oneofs.setdefault(field.containing_oneof, field)
+    if other_field is not field:
+      del self._fields[other_field]
+      self._oneofs[field.containing_oneof] = field
+
+  cls._Modified = Modified
+  cls.SetInParent = Modified
+  cls._UpdateOneofState = _UpdateOneofState
+
+
+class _Listener(object):
+
+  """MessageListener implementation that a parent message registers with its
+  child message.
+
+  In order to support semantics like:
+
+    foo.bar.baz.qux = 23
+    assert foo.HasField('bar')
+
+  ...child objects must have back references to their parents.
+  This helper class is at the heart of this support.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, parent_message):
+    """Args:
+      parent_message: The message whose _Modified() method we should call when
+        we receive Modified() messages.
+    """
+    # This listener establishes a back reference from a child (contained) object
+    # to its parent (containing) object.  We make this a weak reference to avoid
+    # creating cyclic garbage when the client finishes with the 'parent' object
+    # in the tree.
+    if isinstance(parent_message, weakref.ProxyType):
+      self._parent_message_weakref = parent_message
+    else:
+      self._parent_message_weakref = weakref.proxy(parent_message)
+
+    # As an optimization, we also indicate directly on the listener whether
+    # or not the parent message is dirty.  This way we can avoid traversing
+    # up the tree in the common case.
+    self.dirty = False
+
+  def Modified(self):
+    if self.dirty:
+      return
+    try:
+      # Propagate the signal to our parents iff this is the first field set.
+      self._parent_message_weakref._Modified()
+    except ReferenceError:
+      # We can get here if a client has kept a reference to a child object,
+      # and is now setting a field on it, but the child's parent has been
+      # garbage-collected.  This is not an error.
+      pass
+
+
+class _OneofListener(_Listener):
+  """Special listener implementation for setting composite oneof fields."""
+
+  def __init__(self, parent_message, field):
+    """Args:
+      parent_message: The message whose _Modified() method we should call when
+        we receive Modified() messages.
+      field: The descriptor of the field being set in the parent message.
+    """
+    super(_OneofListener, self).__init__(parent_message)
+    self._field = field
+
+  def Modified(self):
+    """Also updates the state of the containing oneof in the parent message."""
+    try:
+      self._parent_message_weakref._UpdateOneofState(self._field)
+      super(_OneofListener, self).Modified()
+    except ReferenceError:
+      pass
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/python_protobuf.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/python_protobuf.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e823bf228
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/python_protobuf.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: qrczak@google.com (Marcin Kowalczyk)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/python/python_protobuf.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+static const Message* GetCProtoInsidePyProtoStub(PyObject* msg) { return NULL; }
+static Message* MutableCProtoInsidePyProtoStub(PyObject* msg) { return NULL; }
+
+// This is initialized with a default, stub implementation.
+// If python-google.protobuf.cc is loaded, the function pointer is overridden
+// with a full implementation.
+const Message* (*GetCProtoInsidePyProtoPtr)(PyObject* msg) =
+    GetCProtoInsidePyProtoStub;
+Message* (*MutableCProtoInsidePyProtoPtr)(PyObject* msg) =
+    MutableCProtoInsidePyProtoStub;
+
+const Message* GetCProtoInsidePyProto(PyObject* msg) {
+  return GetCProtoInsidePyProtoPtr(msg);
+}
+Message* MutableCProtoInsidePyProto(PyObject* msg) {
+  return MutableCProtoInsidePyProtoPtr(msg);
+}
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/reflection_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/reflection_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dace15447
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/reflection_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3308 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Unittest for reflection.py, which also indirectly tests the output of the
+pure-Python protocol compiler.
+"""
+
+import copy
+import gc
+import operator
+import six
+import struct
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+from google.protobuf import unittest_import_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_mset_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_proto3_arena_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor
+from google.protobuf import message
+from google.protobuf import reflection
+from google.protobuf import text_format
+from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+from google.protobuf.internal import more_extensions_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import more_messages_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import message_set_extensions_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import wire_format
+from google.protobuf.internal import test_util
+from google.protobuf.internal import testing_refleaks
+from google.protobuf.internal import decoder
+from google.protobuf.internal import _parameterized
+
+
+if six.PY3:
+  long = int  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin,invalid-name
+
+
+class _MiniDecoder(object):
+  """Decodes a stream of values from a string.
+
+  Once upon a time we actually had a class called decoder.Decoder.  Then we
+  got rid of it during a redesign that made decoding much, much faster overall.
+  But a couple tests in this file used it to check that the serialized form of
+  a message was correct.  So, this class implements just the methods that were
+  used by said tests, so that we don't have to rewrite the tests.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, bytes):
+    self._bytes = bytes
+    self._pos = 0
+
+  def ReadVarint(self):
+    result, self._pos = decoder._DecodeVarint(self._bytes, self._pos)
+    return result
+
+  ReadInt32 = ReadVarint
+  ReadInt64 = ReadVarint
+  ReadUInt32 = ReadVarint
+  ReadUInt64 = ReadVarint
+
+  def ReadSInt64(self):
+    return wire_format.ZigZagDecode(self.ReadVarint())
+
+  ReadSInt32 = ReadSInt64
+
+  def ReadFieldNumberAndWireType(self):
+    return wire_format.UnpackTag(self.ReadVarint())
+
+  def ReadFloat(self):
+    result = struct.unpack('<f', self._bytes[self._pos:self._pos+4])[0]
+    self._pos += 4
+    return result
+
+  def ReadDouble(self):
+    result = struct.unpack('<d', self._bytes[self._pos:self._pos+8])[0]
+    self._pos += 8
+    return result
+
+  def EndOfStream(self):
+    return self._pos == len(self._bytes)
+
+
+@_parameterized.named_parameters(
+    ('_proto2', unittest_pb2),
+    ('_proto3', unittest_proto3_arena_pb2))
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class ReflectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def assertListsEqual(self, values, others):
+    self.assertEqual(len(values), len(others))
+    for i in range(len(values)):
+      self.assertEqual(values[i], others[i])
+
+  def testScalarConstructor(self, message_module):
+    # Constructor with only scalar types should succeed.
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes(
+        optional_int32=24,
+        optional_double=54.321,
+        optional_string='optional_string',
+        optional_float=None)
+
+    self.assertEqual(24, proto.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(54.321, proto.optional_double)
+    self.assertEqual('optional_string', proto.optional_string)
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      self.assertFalse(proto.HasField("optional_float"))
+
+  def testRepeatedScalarConstructor(self, message_module):
+    # Constructor with only repeated scalar types should succeed.
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes(
+        repeated_int32=[1, 2, 3, 4],
+        repeated_double=[1.23, 54.321],
+        repeated_bool=[True, False, False],
+        repeated_string=["optional_string"],
+        repeated_float=None)
+
+    self.assertEqual([1, 2, 3, 4], list(proto.repeated_int32))
+    self.assertEqual([1.23, 54.321], list(proto.repeated_double))
+    self.assertEqual([True, False, False], list(proto.repeated_bool))
+    self.assertEqual(["optional_string"], list(proto.repeated_string))
+    self.assertEqual([], list(proto.repeated_float))
+
+  def testMixedConstructor(self, message_module):
+    # Constructor with only mixed types should succeed.
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes(
+        optional_int32=24,
+        optional_string='optional_string',
+        repeated_double=[1.23, 54.321],
+        repeated_bool=[True, False, False],
+        repeated_nested_message=[
+            message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
+                bb=message_module.TestAllTypes.FOO),
+            message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
+                bb=message_module.TestAllTypes.BAR)],
+        repeated_foreign_message=[
+            message_module.ForeignMessage(c=-43),
+            message_module.ForeignMessage(c=45324),
+            message_module.ForeignMessage(c=12)],
+        optional_nested_message=None)
+
+    self.assertEqual(24, proto.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual('optional_string', proto.optional_string)
+    self.assertEqual([1.23, 54.321], list(proto.repeated_double))
+    self.assertEqual([True, False, False], list(proto.repeated_bool))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        [message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
+            bb=message_module.TestAllTypes.FOO),
+         message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
+             bb=message_module.TestAllTypes.BAR)],
+        list(proto.repeated_nested_message))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        [message_module.ForeignMessage(c=-43),
+         message_module.ForeignMessage(c=45324),
+         message_module.ForeignMessage(c=12)],
+        list(proto.repeated_foreign_message))
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField("optional_nested_message"))
+
+  def testConstructorTypeError(self, message_module):
+    self.assertRaises(
+        TypeError, message_module.TestAllTypes, optional_int32='foo')
+    self.assertRaises(
+        TypeError, message_module.TestAllTypes, optional_string=1234)
+    self.assertRaises(
+        TypeError, message_module.TestAllTypes, optional_nested_message=1234)
+    self.assertRaises(
+        TypeError, message_module.TestAllTypes, repeated_int32=1234)
+    self.assertRaises(
+        TypeError, message_module.TestAllTypes, repeated_int32=['foo'])
+    self.assertRaises(
+        TypeError, message_module.TestAllTypes, repeated_string=1234)
+    self.assertRaises(
+        TypeError, message_module.TestAllTypes, repeated_string=[1234])
+    self.assertRaises(
+        TypeError, message_module.TestAllTypes, repeated_nested_message=1234)
+    self.assertRaises(
+        TypeError, message_module.TestAllTypes, repeated_nested_message=[1234])
+
+  def testConstructorInvalidatesCachedByteSize(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes(optional_int32=12)
+    self.assertEqual(2, message.ByteSize())
+
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes(
+        optional_nested_message=message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage())
+    self.assertEqual(3, message.ByteSize())
+
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes(repeated_int32=[12])
+    # TODO(jieluo): Add this test back for proto3
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      self.assertEqual(3, message.ByteSize())
+
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes(
+        repeated_nested_message=[message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage()])
+    self.assertEqual(3, message.ByteSize())
+
+  def testReferencesToNestedMessage(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    nested = proto.optional_nested_message
+    del proto
+    # A previous version had a bug where this would raise an exception when
+    # hitting a now-dead weak reference.
+    nested.bb = 23
+
+  def testOneOf(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto.oneof_uint32 = 10
+    proto.oneof_nested_message.bb = 11
+    self.assertEqual(11, proto.oneof_nested_message.bb)
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('oneof_uint32'))
+    nested = proto.oneof_nested_message
+    proto.oneof_string = 'abc'
+    self.assertEqual('abc', proto.oneof_string)
+    self.assertEqual(11, nested.bb)
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('oneof_nested_message'))
+
+  def testGetDefaultMessageAfterDisconnectingDefaultMessage(
+      self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    nested = proto.optional_nested_message
+    proto.ClearField('optional_nested_message')
+    del proto
+    del nested
+    # Force a garbage collect so that the underlying CMessages are freed along
+    # with the Messages they point to. This is to make sure we're not deleting
+    # default message instances.
+    gc.collect()
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    nested = proto.optional_nested_message
+
+  def testDisconnectingNestedMessageAfterSettingField(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    nested = proto.optional_nested_message
+    nested.bb = 5
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+    proto.ClearField('optional_nested_message')  # Should disconnect from parent
+    self.assertEqual(5, nested.bb)
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_nested_message.bb)
+    self.assertIsNot(nested, proto.optional_nested_message)
+    nested.bb = 23
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_nested_message.bb)
+
+  def testDisconnectingNestedMessageBeforeGettingField(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+    proto.ClearField('optional_nested_message')
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+
+  def testDisconnectingNestedMessageAfterMerge(self, message_module):
+    # This test exercises the code path that does not use ReleaseMessage().
+    # The underlying fear is that if we use ReleaseMessage() incorrectly,
+    # we will have memory leaks.  It's hard to check that that doesn't happen,
+    # but at least we can exercise that code path to make sure it works.
+    proto1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto2.optional_nested_message.bb = 5
+    proto1.MergeFrom(proto2)
+    self.assertTrue(proto1.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+    proto1.ClearField('optional_nested_message')
+    self.assertFalse(proto1.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+
+  def testDisconnectingLazyNestedMessage(self, message_module):
+    # This test exercises releasing a nested message that is lazy. This test
+    # only exercises real code in the C++ implementation as Python does not
+    # support lazy parsing, but the current C++ implementation results in
+    # memory corruption and a crash.
+    if api_implementation.Type() != 'python':
+      return
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto.optional_lazy_message.bb = 5
+    proto.ClearField('optional_lazy_message')
+    del proto
+    gc.collect()
+
+  def testSingularListFields(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto.optional_fixed32 = 1
+    proto.optional_int32 = 5
+    proto.optional_string = 'foo'
+    # Access sub-message but don't set it yet.
+    nested_message = proto.optional_nested_message
+    self.assertEqual(
+      [ (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_int32'  ], 5),
+        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_fixed32'], 1),
+        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_string' ], 'foo') ],
+      proto.ListFields())
+
+    proto.optional_nested_message.bb = 123
+    self.assertEqual(
+      [ (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_int32'  ], 5),
+        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_fixed32'], 1),
+        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_string' ], 'foo'),
+        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_nested_message' ],
+             nested_message) ],
+      proto.ListFields())
+
+  def testRepeatedListFields(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto.repeated_fixed32.append(1)
+    proto.repeated_int32.append(5)
+    proto.repeated_int32.append(11)
+    proto.repeated_string.extend(['foo', 'bar'])
+    proto.repeated_string.extend([])
+    proto.repeated_string.append('baz')
+    proto.repeated_string.extend(str(x) for x in range(2))
+    proto.optional_int32 = 21
+    proto.repeated_bool  # Access but don't set anything; should not be listed.
+    self.assertEqual(
+      [ (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_int32'  ], 21),
+        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['repeated_int32'  ], [5, 11]),
+        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['repeated_fixed32'], [1]),
+        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['repeated_string' ],
+          ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', '0', '1']) ],
+      proto.ListFields())
+
+  def testClearFieldWithUnknownFieldName(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError, proto.ClearField, 'nonexistent_field')
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError, proto.ClearField, b'nonexistent_field')
+
+  def testDisallowedAssignments(self, message_module):
+    # It's illegal to assign values directly to repeated fields
+    # or to nonrepeated composite fields.  Ensure that this fails.
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    # Repeated fields.
+    self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, proto, 'repeated_int32', 10)
+    # Lists shouldn't work, either.
+    self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, proto, 'repeated_int32', [10])
+    # Composite fields.
+    self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, proto,
+                      'optional_nested_message', 23)
+    # Assignment to a repeated nested message field without specifying
+    # the index in the array of nested messages.
+    self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, proto.repeated_nested_message,
+                      'bb', 34)
+    # Assignment to an attribute of a repeated field.
+    self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, proto.repeated_float,
+                      'some_attribute', 34)
+    # proto.nonexistent_field = 23 should fail as well.
+    self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, proto, 'nonexistent_field', 23)
+
+  def testSingleScalarTypeSafety(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, proto, 'optional_int32', 1.1)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, proto, 'optional_int32', 'foo')
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, proto, 'optional_string', 10)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, proto, 'optional_bytes', 10)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, proto, 'optional_bool', 'foo')
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, proto, 'optional_float', 'foo')
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, proto, 'optional_double', 'foo')
+    # TODO(jieluo): Fix type checking difference for python and c extension
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, proto, 'optional_bool', 1.1)
+    else:
+      proto.optional_bool = 1.1
+
+  def assertIntegerTypes(self, integer_fn, message_module):
+    """Verifies setting of scalar integers.
+
+    Args:
+      integer_fn: A function to wrap the integers that will be assigned.
+      message_module: unittest_pb2 or unittest_proto3_arena_pb2
+    """
+    def TestGetAndDeserialize(field_name, value, expected_type):
+      proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+      value = integer_fn(value)
+      setattr(proto, field_name, value)
+      self.assertIsInstance(getattr(proto, field_name), expected_type)
+      proto2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+      proto2.ParseFromString(proto.SerializeToString())
+      self.assertIsInstance(getattr(proto2, field_name), expected_type)
+
+    TestGetAndDeserialize('optional_int32', 1, int)
+    TestGetAndDeserialize('optional_int32', 1 << 30, int)
+    TestGetAndDeserialize('optional_uint32', 1 << 30, int)
+    integer_64 = long
+    if struct.calcsize('L') == 4:
+      # Python only has signed ints, so 32-bit python can't fit an uint32
+      # in an int.
+      TestGetAndDeserialize('optional_uint32', 1 << 31, integer_64)
+    else:
+      # 64-bit python can fit uint32 inside an int
+      TestGetAndDeserialize('optional_uint32', 1 << 31, int)
+    TestGetAndDeserialize('optional_int64', 1 << 30, integer_64)
+    TestGetAndDeserialize('optional_int64', 1 << 60, integer_64)
+    TestGetAndDeserialize('optional_uint64', 1 << 30, integer_64)
+    TestGetAndDeserialize('optional_uint64', 1 << 60, integer_64)
+
+  def testIntegerTypes(self, message_module):
+    self.assertIntegerTypes(lambda x: x, message_module)
+
+  def testNonStandardIntegerTypes(self, message_module):
+    self.assertIntegerTypes(test_util.NonStandardInteger, message_module)
+
+  def testIllegalValuesForIntegers(self, message_module):
+    pb = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+
+    # Strings are illegal, even when the represent an integer.
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+      pb.optional_uint64 = '2'
+
+    # The exact error should propagate with a poorly written custom integer.
+    with self.assertRaisesRegexp(RuntimeError, 'my_error'):
+      pb.optional_uint64 = test_util.NonStandardInteger(5, 'my_error')
+
+  def assetIntegerBoundsChecking(self, integer_fn, message_module):
+    """Verifies bounds checking for scalar integer fields.
+
+    Args:
+      integer_fn: A function to wrap the integers that will be assigned.
+      message_module: unittest_pb2 or unittest_proto3_arena_pb2
+    """
+    def TestMinAndMaxIntegers(field_name, expected_min, expected_max):
+      pb = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+      expected_min = integer_fn(expected_min)
+      expected_max = integer_fn(expected_max)
+      setattr(pb, field_name, expected_min)
+      self.assertEqual(expected_min, getattr(pb, field_name))
+      setattr(pb, field_name, expected_max)
+      self.assertEqual(expected_max, getattr(pb, field_name))
+      self.assertRaises((ValueError, TypeError), setattr, pb, field_name,
+                        expected_min - 1)
+      self.assertRaises((ValueError, TypeError), setattr, pb, field_name,
+                        expected_max + 1)
+
+    TestMinAndMaxIntegers('optional_int32', -(1 << 31), (1 << 31) - 1)
+    TestMinAndMaxIntegers('optional_uint32', 0, 0xffffffff)
+    TestMinAndMaxIntegers('optional_int64', -(1 << 63), (1 << 63) - 1)
+    TestMinAndMaxIntegers('optional_uint64', 0, 0xffffffffffffffff)
+    # A bit of white-box testing since -1 is an int and not a long in C++ and
+    # so goes down a different path.
+    pb = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    with self.assertRaises((ValueError, TypeError)):
+      pb.optional_uint64 = integer_fn(-(1 << 63))
+
+    pb = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    pb.optional_nested_enum = integer_fn(1)
+    self.assertEqual(1, pb.optional_nested_enum)
+
+  def testSingleScalarBoundsChecking(self, message_module):
+    self.assetIntegerBoundsChecking(lambda x: x, message_module)
+
+  def testNonStandardSingleScalarBoundsChecking(self, message_module):
+    self.assetIntegerBoundsChecking(
+        test_util.NonStandardInteger, message_module)
+
+  def testRepeatedScalarTypeSafety(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_int32.append, 1.1)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_int32.append, 'foo')
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_string, 10)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_bytes, 10)
+
+    proto.repeated_int32.append(10)
+    proto.repeated_int32[0] = 23
+    self.assertRaises(IndexError, proto.repeated_int32.__setitem__, 500, 23)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_int32.__setitem__, 0, 'abc')
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_int32.__setitem__, 0, [])
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_int32.__setitem__,
+                      'index', 23)
+
+    proto.repeated_string.append('2')
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_string.__setitem__, 0, 10)
+
+    # Repeated enums tests.
+    #proto.repeated_nested_enum.append(0)
+
+  def testSingleScalarGettersAndSetters(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_int32)
+    proto.optional_int32 = 1
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.optional_int32)
+
+    proto.optional_uint64 = 0xffffffffffff
+    self.assertEqual(0xffffffffffff, proto.optional_uint64)
+    proto.optional_uint64 = 0xffffffffffffffff
+    self.assertEqual(0xffffffffffffffff, proto.optional_uint64)
+    # TODO(robinson): Test all other scalar field types.
+
+  def testEnums(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.FOO)
+    self.assertEqual(1, message_module.TestAllTypes.FOO)
+    self.assertEqual(2, proto.BAR)
+    self.assertEqual(2, message_module.TestAllTypes.BAR)
+    self.assertEqual(3, proto.BAZ)
+    self.assertEqual(3, message_module.TestAllTypes.BAZ)
+
+  def testEnum_Name(self, message_module):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'FOREIGN_FOO',
+        message_module.ForeignEnum.Name(message_module.FOREIGN_FOO))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'FOREIGN_BAR',
+        message_module.ForeignEnum.Name(message_module.FOREIGN_BAR))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'FOREIGN_BAZ',
+        message_module.ForeignEnum.Name(message_module.FOREIGN_BAZ))
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError,
+                      message_module.ForeignEnum.Name, 11312)
+
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual('FOO',
+                     proto.NestedEnum.Name(proto.FOO))
+    self.assertEqual('FOO',
+                     message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.Name(proto.FOO))
+    self.assertEqual('BAR',
+                     proto.NestedEnum.Name(proto.BAR))
+    self.assertEqual('BAR',
+                     message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.Name(proto.BAR))
+    self.assertEqual('BAZ',
+                     proto.NestedEnum.Name(proto.BAZ))
+    self.assertEqual('BAZ',
+                     message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.Name(proto.BAZ))
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError,
+                      proto.NestedEnum.Name, 11312)
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError,
+                      message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.Name, 11312)
+
+    # Check some coercion cases.
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.Name,
+                      11312.0)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.Name,
+                      None)
+    self.assertEqual('FOO', message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.Name(True))
+
+  def testEnum_Value(self, message_module):
+    self.assertEqual(message_module.FOREIGN_FOO,
+                     message_module.ForeignEnum.Value('FOREIGN_FOO'))
+    self.assertEqual(message_module.FOREIGN_FOO,
+                     message_module.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_FOO)
+
+    self.assertEqual(message_module.FOREIGN_BAR,
+                     message_module.ForeignEnum.Value('FOREIGN_BAR'))
+    self.assertEqual(message_module.FOREIGN_BAR,
+                     message_module.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAR)
+
+    self.assertEqual(message_module.FOREIGN_BAZ,
+                     message_module.ForeignEnum.Value('FOREIGN_BAZ'))
+    self.assertEqual(message_module.FOREIGN_BAZ,
+                     message_module.ForeignEnum.FOREIGN_BAZ)
+
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError,
+                      message_module.ForeignEnum.Value, 'FO')
+    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+      message_module.ForeignEnum.FO
+
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual(proto.FOO,
+                     proto.NestedEnum.Value('FOO'))
+    self.assertEqual(proto.FOO,
+                     proto.NestedEnum.FOO)
+
+    self.assertEqual(proto.FOO,
+                     message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.Value('FOO'))
+    self.assertEqual(proto.FOO,
+                     message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.FOO)
+
+    self.assertEqual(proto.BAR,
+                     proto.NestedEnum.Value('BAR'))
+    self.assertEqual(proto.BAR,
+                     proto.NestedEnum.BAR)
+
+    self.assertEqual(proto.BAR,
+                     message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.Value('BAR'))
+    self.assertEqual(proto.BAR,
+                     message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAR)
+
+    self.assertEqual(proto.BAZ,
+                     proto.NestedEnum.Value('BAZ'))
+    self.assertEqual(proto.BAZ,
+                     proto.NestedEnum.BAZ)
+
+    self.assertEqual(proto.BAZ,
+                     message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.Value('BAZ'))
+    self.assertEqual(proto.BAZ,
+                     message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.BAZ)
+
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError,
+                      proto.NestedEnum.Value, 'Foo')
+    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+      proto.NestedEnum.Value.Foo
+
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError,
+                      message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.Value, 'Foo')
+    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+      message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.Value.Foo
+
+  def testEnum_KeysAndValues(self, message_module):
+    if message_module == unittest_pb2:
+      keys = ['FOREIGN_FOO', 'FOREIGN_BAR', 'FOREIGN_BAZ']
+      values = [4, 5, 6]
+      items = [('FOREIGN_FOO', 4), ('FOREIGN_BAR', 5), ('FOREIGN_BAZ', 6)]
+    else:
+      keys = ['FOREIGN_ZERO', 'FOREIGN_FOO', 'FOREIGN_BAR', 'FOREIGN_BAZ']
+      values = [0, 4, 5, 6]
+      items = [('FOREIGN_ZERO', 0), ('FOREIGN_FOO', 4),
+               ('FOREIGN_BAR', 5), ('FOREIGN_BAZ', 6)]
+    self.assertEqual(keys,
+                     list(message_module.ForeignEnum.keys()))
+    self.assertEqual(values,
+                     list(message_module.ForeignEnum.values()))
+    self.assertEqual(items,
+                     list(message_module.ForeignEnum.items()))
+
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    if message_module == unittest_pb2:
+      keys = ['FOO', 'BAR', 'BAZ', 'NEG']
+      values = [1, 2, 3, -1]
+      items = [('FOO', 1), ('BAR', 2), ('BAZ', 3), ('NEG', -1)]
+    else:
+      keys = ['ZERO', 'FOO', 'BAR', 'BAZ', 'NEG']
+      values = [0, 1, 2, 3, -1]
+      items = [('ZERO', 0), ('FOO', 1), ('BAR', 2), ('BAZ', 3), ('NEG', -1)]
+    self.assertEqual(keys, list(proto.NestedEnum.keys()))
+    self.assertEqual(values, list(proto.NestedEnum.values()))
+    self.assertEqual(items,
+                     list(proto.NestedEnum.items()))
+
+  def testStaticParseFrom(self, message_module):
+    proto1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(proto1)
+
+    string1 = proto1.SerializeToString()
+    proto2 = message_module.TestAllTypes.FromString(string1)
+
+    # Messages should be equal.
+    self.assertEqual(proto2, proto1)
+
+  def testMergeFromSingularField(self, message_module):
+    # Test merge with just a singular field.
+    proto1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto1.optional_int32 = 1
+
+    proto2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    # This shouldn't get overwritten.
+    proto2.optional_string = 'value'
+
+    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto2.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual('value', proto2.optional_string)
+
+  def testMergeFromRepeatedField(self, message_module):
+    # Test merge with just a repeated field.
+    proto1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto1.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    proto1.repeated_int32.append(2)
+
+    proto2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto2.repeated_int32.append(0)
+    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)
+
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto2.repeated_int32[0])
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto2.repeated_int32[1])
+    self.assertEqual(2, proto2.repeated_int32[2])
+
+  def testMergeFromRepeatedNestedMessage(self, message_module):
+    # Test merge with a repeated nested message.
+    proto1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m = proto1.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    m.bb = 123
+    m = proto1.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    m.bb = 321
+
+    proto2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m = proto2.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    m.bb = 999
+    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)
+    self.assertEqual(999, proto2.repeated_nested_message[0].bb)
+    self.assertEqual(123, proto2.repeated_nested_message[1].bb)
+    self.assertEqual(321, proto2.repeated_nested_message[2].bb)
+
+    proto3 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto3.repeated_nested_message.MergeFrom(proto2.repeated_nested_message)
+    self.assertEqual(999, proto3.repeated_nested_message[0].bb)
+    self.assertEqual(123, proto3.repeated_nested_message[1].bb)
+    self.assertEqual(321, proto3.repeated_nested_message[2].bb)
+
+  def testMergeFromAllFields(self, message_module):
+    # With all fields set.
+    proto1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(proto1)
+    proto2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)
+
+    # Messages should be equal.
+    self.assertEqual(proto2, proto1)
+
+    # Serialized string should be equal too.
+    string1 = proto1.SerializeToString()
+    string2 = proto2.SerializeToString()
+    self.assertEqual(string1, string2)
+
+  def testMergeFromBug(self, message_module):
+    message1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+
+    # Cause optional_nested_message to be instantiated within message1, even
+    # though it is not considered to be "present".
+    message1.optional_nested_message
+    self.assertFalse(message1.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+
+    # Merge into message2.  This should not instantiate the field is message2.
+    message2.MergeFrom(message1)
+    self.assertFalse(message2.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+
+  def testCopyFromSingularField(self, message_module):
+    # Test copy with just a singular field.
+    proto1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto1.optional_int32 = 1
+    proto1.optional_string = 'important-text'
+
+    proto2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto2.optional_string = 'value'
+
+    proto2.CopyFrom(proto1)
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto2.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual('important-text', proto2.optional_string)
+
+  def testCopyFromRepeatedField(self, message_module):
+    # Test copy with a repeated field.
+    proto1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto1.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    proto1.repeated_int32.append(2)
+
+    proto2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto2.repeated_int32.append(0)
+    proto2.CopyFrom(proto1)
+
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto2.repeated_int32[0])
+    self.assertEqual(2, proto2.repeated_int32[1])
+
+  def testCopyFromAllFields(self, message_module):
+    # With all fields set.
+    proto1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(proto1)
+    proto2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto2.CopyFrom(proto1)
+
+    # Messages should be equal.
+    self.assertEqual(proto2, proto1)
+
+    # Serialized string should be equal too.
+    string1 = proto1.SerializeToString()
+    string2 = proto2.SerializeToString()
+    self.assertEqual(string1, string2)
+
+  def testCopyFromSelf(self, message_module):
+    proto1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto1.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    proto1.optional_int32 = 2
+    proto1.optional_string = 'important-text'
+
+    proto1.CopyFrom(proto1)
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto1.repeated_int32[0])
+    self.assertEqual(2, proto1.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual('important-text', proto1.optional_string)
+
+  def testDeepCopy(self, message_module):
+    proto1 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto1.optional_int32 = 1
+    proto2 = copy.deepcopy(proto1)
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto2.optional_int32)
+
+    proto1.repeated_int32.append(2)
+    proto1.repeated_int32.append(3)
+    container = copy.deepcopy(proto1.repeated_int32)
+    self.assertEqual([2, 3], container)
+    container.remove(container[0])
+    self.assertEqual([3], container)
+
+    message1 = proto1.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    message1.bb = 1
+    messages = copy.deepcopy(proto1.repeated_nested_message)
+    self.assertEqual(proto1.repeated_nested_message, messages)
+    message1.bb = 2
+    self.assertNotEqual(proto1.repeated_nested_message, messages)
+    messages.remove(messages[0])
+    self.assertEqual(len(messages), 0)
+
+    # TODO(anuraag): Implement deepcopy for extension dict
+
+  def testDisconnectingBeforeClear(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    nested = proto.optional_nested_message
+    proto.Clear()
+    self.assertIsNot(nested, proto.optional_nested_message)
+    nested.bb = 23
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_nested_message.bb)
+
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    nested = proto.optional_nested_message
+    nested.bb = 5
+    foreign = proto.optional_foreign_message
+    foreign.c = 6
+    proto.Clear()
+    self.assertIsNot(nested, proto.optional_nested_message)
+    self.assertIsNot(foreign, proto.optional_foreign_message)
+    self.assertEqual(5, nested.bb)
+    self.assertEqual(6, foreign.c)
+    nested.bb = 15
+    foreign.c = 16
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_nested_message.bb)
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('optional_foreign_message'))
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_foreign_message.c)
+
+  def testStringUTF8Encoding(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+
+    # Assignment of a unicode object to a field of type 'bytes' is not allowed.
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+                      setattr, proto, 'optional_bytes', u'unicode object')
+
+    # Check that the default value is of python's 'unicode' type.
+    self.assertEqual(type(proto.optional_string), six.text_type)
+
+    proto.optional_string = six.text_type('Testing')
+    self.assertEqual(proto.optional_string, str('Testing'))
+
+    # Assign a value of type 'str' which can be encoded in UTF-8.
+    proto.optional_string = str('Testing')
+    self.assertEqual(proto.optional_string, six.text_type('Testing'))
+
+    # Try to assign a 'bytes' object which contains non-UTF-8.
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError,
+                      setattr, proto, 'optional_string', b'a\x80a')
+    # No exception: Assign already encoded UTF-8 bytes to a string field.
+    utf8_bytes = u'Те�т'.encode('utf-8')
+    proto.optional_string = utf8_bytes
+    # No exception: Assign the a non-ascii unicode object.
+    proto.optional_string = u'Те�т'
+    # No exception thrown (normal str assignment containing ASCII).
+    proto.optional_string = 'abc'
+
+  def testBytesInTextFormat(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes(optional_bytes=b'\x00\x7f\x80\xff')
+    self.assertEqual(u'optional_bytes: "\\000\\177\\200\\377"\n',
+                     six.text_type(proto))
+
+  def testEmptyNestedMessage(self, message_module):
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto.optional_nested_message.MergeFrom(
+        message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage())
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto.optional_nested_message.CopyFrom(
+        message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage())
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    bytes_read = proto.optional_nested_message.MergeFromString(b'')
+    self.assertEqual(0, bytes_read)
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+
+    proto = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    proto.optional_nested_message.ParseFromString(b'')
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+
+    serialized = proto.SerializeToString()
+    proto2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(serialized),
+        proto2.MergeFromString(serialized))
+    self.assertTrue(proto2.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+
+
+# Class to test proto2-only features (required, extensions, etc.)
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class Proto2ReflectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testRepeatedCompositeConstructor(self):
+    # Constructor with only repeated composite types should succeed.
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+        repeated_nested_message=[
+            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
+                bb=unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO),
+            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
+                bb=unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR)],
+        repeated_foreign_message=[
+            unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=-43),
+            unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=45324),
+            unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=12)],
+        repeatedgroup=[
+            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup(),
+            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup(a=1),
+            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup(a=2)])
+
+    self.assertEqual(
+        [unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
+            bb=unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO),
+         unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
+             bb=unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR)],
+        list(proto.repeated_nested_message))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        [unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=-43),
+         unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=45324),
+         unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=12)],
+        list(proto.repeated_foreign_message))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        [unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup(),
+         unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup(a=1),
+         unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup(a=2)],
+        list(proto.repeatedgroup))
+
+  def assertListsEqual(self, values, others):
+    self.assertEqual(len(values), len(others))
+    for i in range(len(values)):
+      self.assertEqual(values[i], others[i])
+
+  def testSimpleHasBits(self):
+    # Test a scalar.
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('optional_int32'))
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_int32)
+    # HasField() shouldn't be true if all we've done is
+    # read the default value.
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('optional_int32'))
+    proto.optional_int32 = 1
+    # Setting a value however *should* set the "has" bit.
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_int32'))
+    proto.ClearField('optional_int32')
+    # And clearing that value should unset the "has" bit.
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('optional_int32'))
+
+  def testHasBitsWithSinglyNestedScalar(self):
+    # Helper used to test foreign messages and groups.
+    #
+    # composite_field_name should be the name of a non-repeated
+    # composite (i.e., foreign or group) field in TestAllTypes,
+    # and scalar_field_name should be the name of an integer-valued
+    # scalar field within that composite.
+    #
+    # I never thought I'd miss C++ macros and templates so much. :(
+    # This helper is semantically just:
+    #
+    #   assert proto.composite_field.scalar_field == 0
+    #   assert not proto.composite_field.HasField('scalar_field')
+    #   assert not proto.HasField('composite_field')
+    #
+    #   proto.composite_field.scalar_field = 10
+    #   old_composite_field = proto.composite_field
+    #
+    #   assert proto.composite_field.scalar_field == 10
+    #   assert proto.composite_field.HasField('scalar_field')
+    #   assert proto.HasField('composite_field')
+    #
+    #   proto.ClearField('composite_field')
+    #
+    #   assert not proto.composite_field.HasField('scalar_field')
+    #   assert not proto.HasField('composite_field')
+    #   assert proto.composite_field.scalar_field == 0
+    #
+    #   # Now ensure that ClearField('composite_field') disconnected
+    #   # the old field object from the object tree...
+    #   assert old_composite_field is not proto.composite_field
+    #   old_composite_field.scalar_field = 20
+    #   assert not proto.composite_field.HasField('scalar_field')
+    #   assert not proto.HasField('composite_field')
+    def TestCompositeHasBits(composite_field_name, scalar_field_name):
+      proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+      # First, check that we can get the scalar value, and see that it's the
+      # default (0), but that proto.HasField('omposite') and
+      # proto.composite.HasField('scalar') will still return False.
+      composite_field = getattr(proto, composite_field_name)
+      original_scalar_value = getattr(composite_field, scalar_field_name)
+      self.assertEqual(0, original_scalar_value)
+      # Assert that the composite object does not "have" the scalar.
+      self.assertFalse(composite_field.HasField(scalar_field_name))
+      # Assert that proto does not "have" the composite field.
+      self.assertFalse(proto.HasField(composite_field_name))
+
+      # Now set the scalar within the composite field.  Ensure that the setting
+      # is reflected, and that proto.HasField('composite') and
+      # proto.composite.HasField('scalar') now both return True.
+      new_val = 20
+      setattr(composite_field, scalar_field_name, new_val)
+      self.assertEqual(new_val, getattr(composite_field, scalar_field_name))
+      # Hold on to a reference to the current composite_field object.
+      old_composite_field = composite_field
+      # Assert that the has methods now return true.
+      self.assertTrue(composite_field.HasField(scalar_field_name))
+      self.assertTrue(proto.HasField(composite_field_name))
+
+      # Now call the clear method...
+      proto.ClearField(composite_field_name)
+
+      # ...and ensure that the "has" bits are all back to False...
+      composite_field = getattr(proto, composite_field_name)
+      self.assertFalse(composite_field.HasField(scalar_field_name))
+      self.assertFalse(proto.HasField(composite_field_name))
+      # ...and ensure that the scalar field has returned to its default.
+      self.assertEqual(0, getattr(composite_field, scalar_field_name))
+
+      self.assertIsNot(old_composite_field, composite_field)
+      setattr(old_composite_field, scalar_field_name, new_val)
+      self.assertFalse(composite_field.HasField(scalar_field_name))
+      self.assertFalse(proto.HasField(composite_field_name))
+      self.assertEqual(0, getattr(composite_field, scalar_field_name))
+
+    # Test simple, single-level nesting when we set a scalar.
+    TestCompositeHasBits('optionalgroup', 'a')
+    TestCompositeHasBits('optional_nested_message', 'bb')
+    TestCompositeHasBits('optional_foreign_message', 'c')
+    TestCompositeHasBits('optional_import_message', 'd')
+
+  def testHasBitsWhenModifyingRepeatedFields(self):
+    # Test nesting when we add an element to a repeated field in a submessage.
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestNestedMessageHasBits()
+    proto.optional_nested_message.nestedmessage_repeated_int32.append(5)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        [5], proto.optional_nested_message.nestedmessage_repeated_int32)
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+
+    # Do the same test, but with a repeated composite field within the
+    # submessage.
+    proto.ClearField('optional_nested_message')
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+    proto.optional_nested_message.nestedmessage_repeated_foreignmessage.add()
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+
+  def testHasBitsForManyLevelsOfNesting(self):
+    # Test nesting many levels deep.
+    recursive_proto = unittest_pb2.TestMutualRecursionA()
+    self.assertFalse(recursive_proto.HasField('bb'))
+    self.assertEqual(0, recursive_proto.bb.a.bb.a.bb.optional_int32)
+    self.assertFalse(recursive_proto.HasField('bb'))
+    recursive_proto.bb.a.bb.a.bb.optional_int32 = 5
+    self.assertEqual(5, recursive_proto.bb.a.bb.a.bb.optional_int32)
+    self.assertTrue(recursive_proto.HasField('bb'))
+    self.assertTrue(recursive_proto.bb.HasField('a'))
+    self.assertTrue(recursive_proto.bb.a.HasField('bb'))
+    self.assertTrue(recursive_proto.bb.a.bb.HasField('a'))
+    self.assertTrue(recursive_proto.bb.a.bb.a.HasField('bb'))
+    self.assertFalse(recursive_proto.bb.a.bb.a.bb.HasField('a'))
+    self.assertTrue(recursive_proto.bb.a.bb.a.bb.HasField('optional_int32'))
+
+  def testSingularListExtensions(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_fixed32_extension] = 1
+    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension  ] = 5
+    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_string_extension ] = 'foo'
+    self.assertEqual(
+      [ (unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension  , 5),
+        (unittest_pb2.optional_fixed32_extension, 1),
+        (unittest_pb2.optional_string_extension , 'foo') ],
+      proto.ListFields())
+    del proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_fixed32_extension]
+    self.assertEqual(
+        [(unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension, 5),
+         (unittest_pb2.optional_string_extension, 'foo')],
+        proto.ListFields())
+
+  def testRepeatedListExtensions(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_fixed32_extension].append(1)
+    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension  ].append(5)
+    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension  ].append(11)
+    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_string_extension ].append('foo')
+    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_string_extension ].append('bar')
+    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_string_extension ].append('baz')
+    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension  ] = 21
+    self.assertEqual(
+      [ (unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension  , 21),
+        (unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension  , [5, 11]),
+        (unittest_pb2.repeated_fixed32_extension, [1]),
+        (unittest_pb2.repeated_string_extension , ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']) ],
+      proto.ListFields())
+    del proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension]
+    del proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_string_extension]
+    self.assertEqual(
+        [(unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension, 21),
+         (unittest_pb2.repeated_fixed32_extension, [1])],
+        proto.ListFields())
+
+  def testListFieldsAndExtensions(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestFieldOrderings()
+    test_util.SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(proto)
+    unittest_pb2.my_extension_int
+    self.assertEqual(
+      [ (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['my_int'   ], 1),
+        (unittest_pb2.my_extension_int               , 23),
+        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['my_string'], 'foo'),
+        (unittest_pb2.my_extension_string            , 'bar'),
+        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['my_float' ], 1.0) ],
+      proto.ListFields())
+
+  def testDefaultValues(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_int64)
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_uint32)
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_uint64)
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_sint32)
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_sint64)
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_fixed32)
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_fixed64)
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_sfixed32)
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_sfixed64)
+    self.assertEqual(0.0, proto.optional_float)
+    self.assertEqual(0.0, proto.optional_double)
+    self.assertEqual(False, proto.optional_bool)
+    self.assertEqual('', proto.optional_string)
+    self.assertEqual(b'', proto.optional_bytes)
+
+    self.assertEqual(41, proto.default_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(42, proto.default_int64)
+    self.assertEqual(43, proto.default_uint32)
+    self.assertEqual(44, proto.default_uint64)
+    self.assertEqual(-45, proto.default_sint32)
+    self.assertEqual(46, proto.default_sint64)
+    self.assertEqual(47, proto.default_fixed32)
+    self.assertEqual(48, proto.default_fixed64)
+    self.assertEqual(49, proto.default_sfixed32)
+    self.assertEqual(-50, proto.default_sfixed64)
+    self.assertEqual(51.5, proto.default_float)
+    self.assertEqual(52e3, proto.default_double)
+    self.assertEqual(True, proto.default_bool)
+    self.assertEqual('hello', proto.default_string)
+    self.assertEqual(b'world', proto.default_bytes)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR, proto.default_nested_enum)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR, proto.default_foreign_enum)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_BAR,
+                     proto.default_import_enum)
+
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestExtremeDefaultValues()
+    self.assertEqual(u'\u1234', proto.utf8_string)
+
+  def testHasFieldWithUnknownFieldName(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError, proto.HasField, 'nonexistent_field')
+
+  def testClearRemovesChildren(self):
+    # Make sure there aren't any implementation bugs that are only partially
+    # clearing the message (which can happen in the more complex C++
+    # implementation which has parallel message lists).
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestRequiredForeign()
+    for i in range(10):
+      proto.repeated_message.add()
+    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestRequiredForeign()
+    proto.CopyFrom(proto2)
+    self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: proto.repeated_message[5])
+
+  def testSingleScalarClearField(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    # Should be allowed to clear something that's not there (a no-op).
+    proto.ClearField('optional_int32')
+    proto.optional_int32 = 1
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_int32'))
+    proto.ClearField('optional_int32')
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_int32)
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('optional_int32'))
+    # TODO(robinson): Test all other scalar field types.
+
+  def testRepeatedScalars(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    self.assertFalse(proto.repeated_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(proto.repeated_int32))
+    proto.repeated_int32.append(5)
+    proto.repeated_int32.append(10)
+    proto.repeated_int32.append(15)
+    self.assertTrue(proto.repeated_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(3, len(proto.repeated_int32))
+
+    self.assertEqual([5, 10, 15], proto.repeated_int32)
+
+    # Test single retrieval.
+    self.assertEqual(5, proto.repeated_int32[0])
+    self.assertEqual(15, proto.repeated_int32[-1])
+    # Test out-of-bounds indices.
+    self.assertRaises(IndexError, proto.repeated_int32.__getitem__, 1234)
+    self.assertRaises(IndexError, proto.repeated_int32.__getitem__, -1234)
+    # Test incorrect types passed to __getitem__.
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_int32.__getitem__, 'foo')
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_int32.__getitem__, None)
+
+    # Test single assignment.
+    proto.repeated_int32[1] = 20
+    self.assertEqual([5, 20, 15], proto.repeated_int32)
+
+    # Test insertion.
+    proto.repeated_int32.insert(1, 25)
+    self.assertEqual([5, 25, 20, 15], proto.repeated_int32)
+
+    # Test slice retrieval.
+    proto.repeated_int32.append(30)
+    self.assertEqual([25, 20, 15], proto.repeated_int32[1:4])
+    self.assertEqual([5, 25, 20, 15, 30], proto.repeated_int32[:])
+
+    # Test slice assignment with an iterator
+    proto.repeated_int32[1:4] = (i for i in range(3))
+    self.assertEqual([5, 0, 1, 2, 30], proto.repeated_int32)
+
+    # Test slice assignment.
+    proto.repeated_int32[1:4] = [35, 40, 45]
+    self.assertEqual([5, 35, 40, 45, 30], proto.repeated_int32)
+
+    # Test that we can use the field as an iterator.
+    result = []
+    for i in proto.repeated_int32:
+      result.append(i)
+    self.assertEqual([5, 35, 40, 45, 30], result)
+
+    # Test single deletion.
+    del proto.repeated_int32[2]
+    self.assertEqual([5, 35, 45, 30], proto.repeated_int32)
+
+    # Test slice deletion.
+    del proto.repeated_int32[2:]
+    self.assertEqual([5, 35], proto.repeated_int32)
+
+    # Test extending.
+    proto.repeated_int32.extend([3, 13])
+    self.assertEqual([5, 35, 3, 13], proto.repeated_int32)
+
+    # Test clearing.
+    proto.ClearField('repeated_int32')
+    self.assertFalse(proto.repeated_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(proto.repeated_int32))
+
+    proto.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.repeated_int32[-1])
+    # Test assignment to a negative index.
+    proto.repeated_int32[-1] = 2
+    self.assertEqual(2, proto.repeated_int32[-1])
+
+    # Test deletion at negative indices.
+    proto.repeated_int32[:] = [0, 1, 2, 3]
+    del proto.repeated_int32[-1]
+    self.assertEqual([0, 1, 2], proto.repeated_int32)
+
+    del proto.repeated_int32[-2]
+    self.assertEqual([0, 2], proto.repeated_int32)
+
+    self.assertRaises(IndexError, proto.repeated_int32.__delitem__, -3)
+    self.assertRaises(IndexError, proto.repeated_int32.__delitem__, 300)
+
+    del proto.repeated_int32[-2:-1]
+    self.assertEqual([2], proto.repeated_int32)
+
+    del proto.repeated_int32[100:10000]
+    self.assertEqual([2], proto.repeated_int32)
+
+  def testRepeatedScalarsRemove(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    self.assertFalse(proto.repeated_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(proto.repeated_int32))
+    proto.repeated_int32.append(5)
+    proto.repeated_int32.append(10)
+    proto.repeated_int32.append(5)
+    proto.repeated_int32.append(5)
+
+    self.assertEqual(4, len(proto.repeated_int32))
+    proto.repeated_int32.remove(5)
+    self.assertEqual(3, len(proto.repeated_int32))
+    self.assertEqual(10, proto.repeated_int32[0])
+    self.assertEqual(5, proto.repeated_int32[1])
+    self.assertEqual(5, proto.repeated_int32[2])
+
+    proto.repeated_int32.remove(5)
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(proto.repeated_int32))
+    self.assertEqual(10, proto.repeated_int32[0])
+    self.assertEqual(5, proto.repeated_int32[1])
+
+    proto.repeated_int32.remove(10)
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(proto.repeated_int32))
+    self.assertEqual(5, proto.repeated_int32[0])
+
+    # Remove a non-existent element.
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError, proto.repeated_int32.remove, 123)
+
+  def testRepeatedComposites(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertFalse(proto.repeated_nested_message)
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))
+    m0 = proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    m1 = proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    self.assertTrue(proto.repeated_nested_message)
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))
+    self.assertListsEqual([m0, m1], proto.repeated_nested_message)
+    self.assertIsInstance(m0, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage)
+
+    # Test out-of-bounds indices.
+    self.assertRaises(IndexError, proto.repeated_nested_message.__getitem__,
+                      1234)
+    self.assertRaises(IndexError, proto.repeated_nested_message.__getitem__,
+                      -1234)
+
+    # Test incorrect types passed to __getitem__.
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_nested_message.__getitem__,
+                      'foo')
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_nested_message.__getitem__,
+                      None)
+
+    # Test slice retrieval.
+    m2 = proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    m3 = proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    m4 = proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    self.assertListsEqual(
+        [m1, m2, m3], proto.repeated_nested_message[1:4])
+    self.assertListsEqual(
+        [m0, m1, m2, m3, m4], proto.repeated_nested_message[:])
+    self.assertListsEqual(
+        [m0, m1], proto.repeated_nested_message[:2])
+    self.assertListsEqual(
+        [m2, m3, m4], proto.repeated_nested_message[2:])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        m0, proto.repeated_nested_message[0])
+    self.assertListsEqual(
+        [m0], proto.repeated_nested_message[:1])
+
+    # Test that we can use the field as an iterator.
+    result = []
+    for i in proto.repeated_nested_message:
+      result.append(i)
+    self.assertListsEqual([m0, m1, m2, m3, m4], result)
+
+    # Test single deletion.
+    del proto.repeated_nested_message[2]
+    self.assertListsEqual([m0, m1, m3, m4], proto.repeated_nested_message)
+
+    # Test slice deletion.
+    del proto.repeated_nested_message[2:]
+    self.assertListsEqual([m0, m1], proto.repeated_nested_message)
+
+    # Test extending.
+    n1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(bb=1)
+    n2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(bb=2)
+    proto.repeated_nested_message.extend([n1,n2])
+    self.assertEqual(4, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))
+    self.assertEqual(n1, proto.repeated_nested_message[2])
+    self.assertEqual(n2, proto.repeated_nested_message[3])
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+                      proto.repeated_nested_message.extend, n1)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+                      proto.repeated_nested_message.extend, [0])
+    wrong_message_type = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+                      proto.repeated_nested_message.extend,
+                      [wrong_message_type])
+
+    # Test clearing.
+    proto.ClearField('repeated_nested_message')
+    self.assertFalse(proto.repeated_nested_message)
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))
+
+    # Test constructing an element while adding it.
+    proto.repeated_nested_message.add(bb=23)
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))
+    self.assertEqual(23, proto.repeated_nested_message[0].bb)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_nested_message.add, 23)
+    with self.assertRaises(Exception):
+      proto.repeated_nested_message[0] = 23
+
+  def testRepeatedCompositeRemove(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))
+    m0 = proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    # Need to set some differentiating variable so m0 != m1 != m2:
+    m0.bb = len(proto.repeated_nested_message)
+    m1 = proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    m1.bb = len(proto.repeated_nested_message)
+    self.assertTrue(m0 != m1)
+    m2 = proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    m2.bb = len(proto.repeated_nested_message)
+    self.assertListsEqual([m0, m1, m2], proto.repeated_nested_message)
+
+    self.assertEqual(3, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))
+    proto.repeated_nested_message.remove(m0)
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))
+    self.assertEqual(m1, proto.repeated_nested_message[0])
+    self.assertEqual(m2, proto.repeated_nested_message[1])
+
+    # Removing m0 again or removing None should raise error
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError, proto.repeated_nested_message.remove, m0)
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError, proto.repeated_nested_message.remove, None)
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))
+
+    proto.repeated_nested_message.remove(m2)
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))
+    self.assertEqual(m1, proto.repeated_nested_message[0])
+
+  def testHandWrittenReflection(self):
+    # Hand written extensions are only supported by the pure-Python
+    # implementation of the API.
+    if api_implementation.Type() != 'python':
+      return
+
+    FieldDescriptor = descriptor.FieldDescriptor
+    foo_field_descriptor = FieldDescriptor(
+        name='foo_field', full_name='MyProto.foo_field',
+        index=0, number=1, type=FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT64,
+        cpp_type=FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_INT64,
+        label=FieldDescriptor.LABEL_OPTIONAL, default_value=0,
+        containing_type=None, message_type=None, enum_type=None,
+        is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
+        options=descriptor_pb2.FieldOptions())
+    mydescriptor = descriptor.Descriptor(
+        name='MyProto', full_name='MyProto', filename='ignored',
+        containing_type=None, nested_types=[], enum_types=[],
+        fields=[foo_field_descriptor], extensions=[],
+        options=descriptor_pb2.MessageOptions())
+    class MyProtoClass(six.with_metaclass(reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType, message.Message)):
+      DESCRIPTOR = mydescriptor
+    myproto_instance = MyProtoClass()
+    self.assertEqual(0, myproto_instance.foo_field)
+    self.assertFalse(myproto_instance.HasField('foo_field'))
+    myproto_instance.foo_field = 23
+    self.assertEqual(23, myproto_instance.foo_field)
+    self.assertTrue(myproto_instance.HasField('foo_field'))
+
+  @testing_refleaks.SkipReferenceLeakChecker('MakeDescriptor is not repeatable')
+  def testDescriptorProtoSupport(self):
+    # Hand written descriptors/reflection are only supported by the pure-Python
+    # implementation of the API.
+    if api_implementation.Type() != 'python':
+      return
+
+    def AddDescriptorField(proto, field_name, field_type):
+      AddDescriptorField.field_index += 1
+      new_field = proto.field.add()
+      new_field.name = field_name
+      new_field.type = field_type
+      new_field.number = AddDescriptorField.field_index
+      new_field.label = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.LABEL_OPTIONAL
+
+    AddDescriptorField.field_index = 0
+
+    desc_proto = descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto()
+    desc_proto.name = 'Car'
+    fdp = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto
+    AddDescriptorField(desc_proto, 'name', fdp.TYPE_STRING)
+    AddDescriptorField(desc_proto, 'year', fdp.TYPE_INT64)
+    AddDescriptorField(desc_proto, 'automatic', fdp.TYPE_BOOL)
+    AddDescriptorField(desc_proto, 'price', fdp.TYPE_DOUBLE)
+    # Add a repeated field
+    AddDescriptorField.field_index += 1
+    new_field = desc_proto.field.add()
+    new_field.name = 'owners'
+    new_field.type = fdp.TYPE_STRING
+    new_field.number = AddDescriptorField.field_index
+    new_field.label = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.LABEL_REPEATED
+
+    desc = descriptor.MakeDescriptor(desc_proto)
+    self.assertTrue('name' in desc.fields_by_name)
+    self.assertTrue('year' in desc.fields_by_name)
+    self.assertTrue('automatic' in desc.fields_by_name)
+    self.assertTrue('price' in desc.fields_by_name)
+    self.assertTrue('owners' in desc.fields_by_name)
+
+    class CarMessage(six.with_metaclass(reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType,
+                                        message.Message)):
+      DESCRIPTOR = desc
+
+    prius = CarMessage()
+    prius.name = 'prius'
+    prius.year = 2010
+    prius.automatic = True
+    prius.price = 25134.75
+    prius.owners.extend(['bob', 'susan'])
+
+    serialized_prius = prius.SerializeToString()
+    new_prius = reflection.ParseMessage(desc, serialized_prius)
+    self.assertIsNot(new_prius, prius)
+    self.assertEqual(prius, new_prius)
+
+    # these are unnecessary assuming message equality works as advertised but
+    # explicitly check to be safe since we're mucking about in metaclass foo
+    self.assertEqual(prius.name, new_prius.name)
+    self.assertEqual(prius.year, new_prius.year)
+    self.assertEqual(prius.automatic, new_prius.automatic)
+    self.assertEqual(prius.price, new_prius.price)
+    self.assertEqual(prius.owners, new_prius.owners)
+
+  def testExtensionDelete(self):
+    extendee_proto = more_extensions_pb2.ExtendedMessage()
+
+    extension_int32 = more_extensions_pb2.optional_int_extension
+    extendee_proto.Extensions[extension_int32] = 23
+
+    extension_repeated = more_extensions_pb2.repeated_int_extension
+    extendee_proto.Extensions[extension_repeated].append(11)
+
+    extension_msg = more_extensions_pb2.optional_message_extension
+    extendee_proto.Extensions[extension_msg].foreign_message_int = 56
+
+    self.assertEqual(len(extendee_proto.Extensions), 3)
+    del extendee_proto.Extensions[extension_msg]
+    self.assertEqual(len(extendee_proto.Extensions), 2)
+    del extendee_proto.Extensions[extension_repeated]
+    self.assertEqual(len(extendee_proto.Extensions), 1)
+    # Delete a none exist extension. It is OK to "del m.Extensions[ext]"
+    # even if the extension is not present in the message; we don't
+    # raise KeyError. This is consistent with "m.Extensions[ext]"
+    # returning a default value even if we did not set anything.
+    del extendee_proto.Extensions[extension_repeated]
+    self.assertEqual(len(extendee_proto.Extensions), 1)
+    del extendee_proto.Extensions[extension_int32]
+    self.assertEqual(len(extendee_proto.Extensions), 0)
+
+  def testExtensionIter(self):
+    extendee_proto = more_extensions_pb2.ExtendedMessage()
+
+    extension_int32 = more_extensions_pb2.optional_int_extension
+    extendee_proto.Extensions[extension_int32] = 23
+
+    extension_repeated = more_extensions_pb2.repeated_int_extension
+    extendee_proto.Extensions[extension_repeated].append(11)
+
+    extension_msg = more_extensions_pb2.optional_message_extension
+    extendee_proto.Extensions[extension_msg].foreign_message_int = 56
+
+    # Set some normal fields.
+    extendee_proto.optional_int32 = 1
+    extendee_proto.repeated_string.append('hi')
+
+    expected = (extension_int32, extension_msg, extension_repeated)
+    count = 0
+    for item in extendee_proto.Extensions:
+      self.assertEqual(item.name, expected[count].name)
+      self.assertIn(item, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+      count += 1
+    self.assertEqual(count, 3)
+
+  def testExtensionContainsError(self):
+    extendee_proto = more_extensions_pb2.ExtendedMessage()
+    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.Extensions.__contains__, 0)
+
+    field = more_extensions_pb2.ExtendedMessage.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name[
+        'optional_int32']
+    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.Extensions.__contains__, field)
+
+  def testTopLevelExtensionsForOptionalScalar(self):
+    extendee_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    extension = unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension
+    self.assertFalse(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
+    self.assertNotIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+    self.assertEqual(0, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
+    # As with normal scalar fields, just doing a read doesn't actually set the
+    # "has" bit.
+    self.assertFalse(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
+    self.assertNotIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+    # Actually set the thing.
+    extendee_proto.Extensions[extension] = 23
+    self.assertEqual(23, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
+    self.assertTrue(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
+    self.assertIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+    # Ensure that clearing works as well.
+    extendee_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
+    self.assertEqual(0, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
+    self.assertFalse(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
+    self.assertNotIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+
+  def testTopLevelExtensionsForRepeatedScalar(self):
+    extendee_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    extension = unittest_pb2.repeated_string_extension
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]))
+    self.assertNotIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+    extendee_proto.Extensions[extension].append('foo')
+    self.assertEqual(['foo'], extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
+    self.assertIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+    string_list = extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]
+    extendee_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]))
+    self.assertNotIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+    self.assertIsNot(string_list, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
+    # Shouldn't be allowed to do Extensions[extension] = 'a'
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.setitem, extendee_proto.Extensions,
+                      extension, 'a')
+
+  def testTopLevelExtensionsForOptionalMessage(self):
+    extendee_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    extension = unittest_pb2.optional_foreign_message_extension
+    self.assertFalse(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
+    self.assertNotIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+    self.assertEqual(0, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension].c)
+    # As with normal (non-extension) fields, merely reading from the
+    # thing shouldn't set the "has" bit.
+    self.assertFalse(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
+    self.assertNotIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+    extendee_proto.Extensions[extension].c = 23
+    self.assertEqual(23, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension].c)
+    self.assertTrue(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
+    self.assertIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+    # Save a reference here.
+    foreign_message = extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]
+    extendee_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
+    self.assertIsNot(foreign_message, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
+    # Setting a field on foreign_message now shouldn't set
+    # any "has" bits on extendee_proto.
+    foreign_message.c = 42
+    self.assertEqual(42, foreign_message.c)
+    self.assertTrue(foreign_message.HasField('c'))
+    self.assertFalse(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
+    self.assertNotIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+    # Shouldn't be allowed to do Extensions[extension] = 'a'
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.setitem, extendee_proto.Extensions,
+                      extension, 'a')
+
+  def testTopLevelExtensionsForRepeatedMessage(self):
+    extendee_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    extension = unittest_pb2.repeatedgroup_extension
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]))
+    group = extendee_proto.Extensions[extension].add()
+    group.a = 23
+    self.assertEqual(23, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension][0].a)
+    group.a = 42
+    self.assertEqual(42, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension][0].a)
+    group_list = extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]
+    extendee_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]))
+    self.assertIsNot(group_list, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
+    # Shouldn't be allowed to do Extensions[extension] = 'a'
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.setitem, extendee_proto.Extensions,
+                      extension, 'a')
+
+  def testNestedExtensions(self):
+    extendee_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    extension = unittest_pb2.TestRequired.single
+
+    # We just test the non-repeated case.
+    self.assertFalse(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
+    self.assertNotIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+    required = extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]
+    self.assertEqual(0, required.a)
+    self.assertFalse(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
+    self.assertNotIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+    required.a = 23
+    self.assertEqual(23, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension].a)
+    self.assertTrue(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
+    self.assertIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+    extendee_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
+    self.assertIsNot(required, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
+    self.assertFalse(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
+    self.assertNotIn(extension, extendee_proto.Extensions)
+
+  def testRegisteredExtensions(self):
+    pool = unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.pool
+    self.assertTrue(
+        pool.FindExtensionByNumber(
+            unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions.DESCRIPTOR, 1))
+    self.assertIs(
+        pool.FindExtensionByName(
+            'protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension').containing_type,
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions.DESCRIPTOR)
+    # Make sure extensions haven't been registered into types that shouldn't
+    # have any.
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(
+        pool.FindAllExtensions(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR)))
+
+  # If message A directly contains message B, and
+  # a.HasField('b') is currently False, then mutating any
+  # extension in B should change a.HasField('b') to True
+  # (and so on up the object tree).
+  def testHasBitsForAncestorsOfExtendedMessage(self):
+    # Optional scalar extension.
+    toplevel = more_extensions_pb2.TopLevelMessage()
+    self.assertFalse(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
+    self.assertEqual(0, toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.optional_int_extension])
+    self.assertFalse(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
+    toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.optional_int_extension] = 23
+    self.assertEqual(23, toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.optional_int_extension])
+    self.assertTrue(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
+
+    # Repeated scalar extension.
+    toplevel = more_extensions_pb2.TopLevelMessage()
+    self.assertFalse(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
+    self.assertEqual([], toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.repeated_int_extension])
+    self.assertFalse(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
+    toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.repeated_int_extension].append(23)
+    self.assertEqual([23], toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.repeated_int_extension])
+    self.assertTrue(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
+
+    # Optional message extension.
+    toplevel = more_extensions_pb2.TopLevelMessage()
+    self.assertFalse(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
+    self.assertEqual(0, toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.optional_message_extension].foreign_message_int)
+    self.assertFalse(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
+    toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.optional_message_extension].foreign_message_int = 23
+    self.assertEqual(23, toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.optional_message_extension].foreign_message_int)
+    self.assertTrue(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
+
+    # Repeated message extension.
+    toplevel = more_extensions_pb2.TopLevelMessage()
+    self.assertFalse(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.repeated_message_extension]))
+    self.assertFalse(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
+    foreign = toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.repeated_message_extension].add()
+    self.assertEqual(foreign, toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
+        more_extensions_pb2.repeated_message_extension][0])
+    self.assertTrue(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
+
+  def testDisconnectionAfterClearingEmptyMessage(self):
+    toplevel = more_extensions_pb2.TopLevelMessage()
+    extendee_proto = toplevel.submessage
+    extension = more_extensions_pb2.optional_message_extension
+    extension_proto = extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]
+    extendee_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
+    extension_proto.foreign_message_int = 23
+
+    self.assertIsNot(extension_proto, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
+
+  def testExtensionFailureModes(self):
+    extendee_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+
+    # Try non-extension-handle arguments to HasExtension,
+    # ClearExtension(), and Extensions[]...
+    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.HasExtension, 1234)
+    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.ClearExtension, 1234)
+    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.Extensions.__getitem__, 1234)
+    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.Extensions.__setitem__, 1234, 5)
+
+    # Try something that *is* an extension handle, just not for
+    # this message...
+    for unknown_handle in (more_extensions_pb2.optional_int_extension,
+                           more_extensions_pb2.optional_message_extension,
+                           more_extensions_pb2.repeated_int_extension,
+                           more_extensions_pb2.repeated_message_extension):
+      self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.HasExtension,
+                        unknown_handle)
+      self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.ClearExtension,
+                        unknown_handle)
+      self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.Extensions.__getitem__,
+                        unknown_handle)
+      self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.Extensions.__setitem__,
+                        unknown_handle, 5)
+
+    # Try call HasExtension() with a valid handle, but for a
+    # *repeated* field.  (Just as with non-extension repeated
+    # fields, Has*() isn't supported for extension repeated fields).
+    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.HasExtension,
+                      unittest_pb2.repeated_string_extension)
+
+  def testMergeFromOptionalGroup(self):
+    # Test merge with an optional group.
+    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    proto1.optionalgroup.a = 12
+    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)
+    self.assertEqual(12, proto2.optionalgroup.a)
+
+  def testMergeFromExtensionsSingular(self):
+    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    proto1.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension] = 1
+
+    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        1, proto2.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension])
+
+  def testMergeFromExtensionsRepeated(self):
+    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    proto1.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension].append(1)
+    proto1.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension].append(2)
+
+    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    proto2.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension].append(0)
+    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        3, len(proto2.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension]))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        0, proto2.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension][0])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        1, proto2.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension][1])
+    self.assertEqual(
+        2, proto2.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension][2])
+
+  def testMergeFromExtensionsNestedMessage(self):
+    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    ext1 = proto1.Extensions[
+        unittest_pb2.repeated_nested_message_extension]
+    m = ext1.add()
+    m.bb = 222
+    m = ext1.add()
+    m.bb = 333
+
+    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    ext2 = proto2.Extensions[
+        unittest_pb2.repeated_nested_message_extension]
+    m = ext2.add()
+    m.bb = 111
+
+    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)
+    ext2 = proto2.Extensions[
+        unittest_pb2.repeated_nested_message_extension]
+    self.assertEqual(3, len(ext2))
+    self.assertEqual(111, ext2[0].bb)
+    self.assertEqual(222, ext2[1].bb)
+    self.assertEqual(333, ext2[2].bb)
+
+  def testCopyFromBadType(self):
+    # The python implementation doesn't raise an exception in this
+    # case. In theory it should.
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      return
+    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto1.CopyFrom, proto2)
+
+  def testClear(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    # C++ implementation does not support lazy fields right now so leave it
+    # out for now.
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      test_util.SetAllFields(proto)
+    else:
+      test_util.SetAllNonLazyFields(proto)
+    # Clear the message.
+    proto.Clear()
+    self.assertEqual(proto.ByteSize(), 0)
+    empty_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual(proto, empty_proto)
+
+    # Test if extensions which were set are cleared.
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    test_util.SetAllExtensions(proto)
+    # Clear the message.
+    proto.Clear()
+    self.assertEqual(proto.ByteSize(), 0)
+    empty_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    self.assertEqual(proto, empty_proto)
+
+  def testDisconnectingInOneof(self):
+    m = unittest_pb2.TestOneof2()  # This message has two messages in a oneof.
+    m.foo_message.qux_int = 5
+    sub_message = m.foo_message
+    # Accessing another message's field does not clear the first one
+    self.assertEqual(m.foo_lazy_message.qux_int, 0)
+    self.assertEqual(m.foo_message.qux_int, 5)
+    # But mutating another message in the oneof detaches the first one.
+    m.foo_lazy_message.qux_int = 6
+    self.assertEqual(m.foo_message.qux_int, 0)
+    # The reference we got above was detached and is still valid.
+    self.assertEqual(sub_message.qux_int, 5)
+    sub_message.qux_int = 7
+
+  def assertInitialized(self, proto):
+    self.assertTrue(proto.IsInitialized())
+    # Neither method should raise an exception.
+    proto.SerializeToString()
+    proto.SerializePartialToString()
+
+  def assertNotInitialized(self, proto, error_size=None):
+    errors = []
+    self.assertFalse(proto.IsInitialized())
+    self.assertFalse(proto.IsInitialized(errors))
+    self.assertEqual(error_size, len(errors))
+    self.assertRaises(message.EncodeError, proto.SerializeToString)
+    # "Partial" serialization doesn't care if message is uninitialized.
+    proto.SerializePartialToString()
+
+  def testIsInitialized(self):
+    # Trivial cases - all optional fields and extensions.
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertInitialized(proto)
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    self.assertInitialized(proto)
+
+    # The case of uninitialized required fields.
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestRequired()
+    self.assertNotInitialized(proto, 3)
+    proto.a = proto.b = proto.c = 2
+    self.assertInitialized(proto)
+
+    # The case of uninitialized submessage.
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestRequiredForeign()
+    self.assertInitialized(proto)
+    proto.optional_message.a = 1
+    self.assertNotInitialized(proto, 2)
+    proto.optional_message.b = 0
+    proto.optional_message.c = 0
+    self.assertInitialized(proto)
+
+    # Uninitialized repeated submessage.
+    message1 = proto.repeated_message.add()
+    self.assertNotInitialized(proto, 3)
+    message1.a = message1.b = message1.c = 0
+    self.assertInitialized(proto)
+
+    # Uninitialized repeated group in an extension.
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    extension = unittest_pb2.TestRequired.multi
+    message1 = proto.Extensions[extension].add()
+    message2 = proto.Extensions[extension].add()
+    self.assertNotInitialized(proto, 6)
+    message1.a = 1
+    message1.b = 1
+    message1.c = 1
+    self.assertNotInitialized(proto, 3)
+    message2.a = 2
+    message2.b = 2
+    message2.c = 2
+    self.assertInitialized(proto)
+
+    # Uninitialized nonrepeated message in an extension.
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    extension = unittest_pb2.TestRequired.single
+    proto.Extensions[extension].a = 1
+    self.assertNotInitialized(proto, 2)
+    proto.Extensions[extension].b = 2
+    proto.Extensions[extension].c = 3
+    self.assertInitialized(proto)
+
+    # Try passing an errors list.
+    errors = []
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestRequired()
+    self.assertFalse(proto.IsInitialized(errors))
+    self.assertEqual(errors, ['a', 'b', 'c'])
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.IsInitialized, 1, 2, 3)
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(
+      api_implementation.Type() != 'cpp' or api_implementation.Version() != 2,
+      'Errors are only available from the most recent C++ implementation.')
+  def testFileDescriptorErrors(self):
+    file_name = 'test_file_descriptor_errors.proto'
+    package_name = 'test_file_descriptor_errors.proto'
+    file_descriptor_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    file_descriptor_proto.name = file_name
+    file_descriptor_proto.package = package_name
+    m1 = file_descriptor_proto.message_type.add()
+    m1.name = 'msg1'
+    # Compiles the proto into the C++ descriptor pool
+    descriptor.FileDescriptor(
+        file_name,
+        package_name,
+        serialized_pb=file_descriptor_proto.SerializeToString())
+    # Add a FileDescriptorProto that has duplicate symbols
+    another_file_name = 'another_test_file_descriptor_errors.proto'
+    file_descriptor_proto.name = another_file_name
+    m2 = file_descriptor_proto.message_type.add()
+    m2.name = 'msg2'
+    with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+      descriptor.FileDescriptor(
+          another_file_name,
+          package_name,
+          serialized_pb=file_descriptor_proto.SerializeToString())
+      self.assertTrue(hasattr(cm, 'exception'), '%s not raised' %
+                      getattr(cm.expected, '__name__', cm.expected))
+      self.assertIn('test_file_descriptor_errors.proto', str(cm.exception))
+      # Error message will say something about this definition being a
+      # duplicate, though we don't check the message exactly to avoid a
+      # dependency on the C++ logging code.
+      self.assertIn('test_file_descriptor_errors.msg1', str(cm.exception))
+
+  def testStringUTF8Serialization(self):
+    proto = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSet()
+    extension_message = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2
+    extension = extension_message.message_set_extension
+
+    test_utf8 = u'Те�т'
+    test_utf8_bytes = test_utf8.encode('utf-8')
+
+    # 'Test' in another language, using UTF-8 charset.
+    proto.Extensions[extension].str = test_utf8
+
+    # Serialize using the MessageSet wire format (this is specified in the
+    # .proto file).
+    serialized = proto.SerializeToString()
+
+    # Check byte size.
+    self.assertEqual(proto.ByteSize(), len(serialized))
+
+    raw = unittest_mset_pb2.RawMessageSet()
+    bytes_read = raw.MergeFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertEqual(len(serialized), bytes_read)
+
+    message2 = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2()
+
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(raw.item))
+    # Check that the type_id is the same as the tag ID in the .proto file.
+    self.assertEqual(raw.item[0].type_id, 98418634)
+
+    # Check the actual bytes on the wire.
+    self.assertTrue(raw.item[0].message.endswith(test_utf8_bytes))
+    bytes_read = message2.MergeFromString(raw.item[0].message)
+    self.assertEqual(len(raw.item[0].message), bytes_read)
+
+    self.assertEqual(type(message2.str), six.text_type)
+    self.assertEqual(message2.str, test_utf8)
+
+    # The pure Python API throws an exception on MergeFromString(),
+    # if any of the string fields of the message can't be UTF-8 decoded.
+    # The C++ implementation of the API has no way to check that on
+    # MergeFromString and thus has no way to throw the exception.
+    #
+    # The pure Python API always returns objects of type 'unicode' (UTF-8
+    # encoded), or 'bytes' (in 7 bit ASCII).
+    badbytes = raw.item[0].message.replace(
+        test_utf8_bytes, len(test_utf8_bytes) * b'\xff')
+
+    unicode_decode_failed = False
+    try:
+      message2.MergeFromString(badbytes)
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+      unicode_decode_failed = True
+    string_field = message2.str
+    self.assertTrue(unicode_decode_failed or type(string_field) is bytes)
+
+  def testSetInParent(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('optionalgroup'))
+    proto.optionalgroup.SetInParent()
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optionalgroup'))
+
+  def testPackageInitializationImport(self):
+    """Test that we can import nested messages from their __init__.py.
+
+    Such setup is not trivial since at the time of processing of __init__.py one
+    can't refer to its submodules by name in code, so expressions like
+    google.protobuf.internal.import_test_package.inner_pb2
+    don't work. They do work in imports, so we have assign an alias at import
+    and then use that alias in generated code.
+    """
+    # We import here since it's the import that used to fail, and we want
+    # the failure to have the right context.
+    # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    from google.protobuf.internal import import_test_package
+    # pylint: enable=g-import-not-at-top
+    msg = import_test_package.myproto.Outer()
+    # Just check the default value.
+    self.assertEqual(57, msg.inner.value)
+
+#  Since we had so many tests for protocol buffer equality, we broke these out
+#  into separate TestCase classes.
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class TestAllTypesEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+  def testNotHashable(self):
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, self.first_proto)
+
+  def testSelfEquality(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.first_proto)
+
+  def testEmptyProtosEqual(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class FullProtosEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  """Equality tests using completely-full protos as a starting point."""
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(self.first_proto)
+    test_util.SetAllFields(self.second_proto)
+
+  def testNotHashable(self):
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, self.first_proto)
+
+  def testNoneNotEqual(self):
+    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, None)
+    self.assertNotEqual(None, self.second_proto)
+
+  def testNotEqualToOtherMessage(self):
+    third_proto = unittest_pb2.TestRequired()
+    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, third_proto)
+    self.assertNotEqual(third_proto, self.second_proto)
+
+  def testAllFieldsFilledEquality(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+
+  def testNonRepeatedScalar(self):
+    # Nonrepeated scalar field change should cause inequality.
+    self.first_proto.optional_int32 += 1
+    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+    # ...as should clearing a field.
+    self.first_proto.ClearField('optional_int32')
+    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+
+  def testNonRepeatedComposite(self):
+    # Change a nonrepeated composite field.
+    self.first_proto.optional_nested_message.bb += 1
+    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+    self.first_proto.optional_nested_message.bb -= 1
+    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+    # Clear a field in the nested message.
+    self.first_proto.optional_nested_message.ClearField('bb')
+    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+    self.first_proto.optional_nested_message.bb = (
+        self.second_proto.optional_nested_message.bb)
+    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+    # Remove the nested message entirely.
+    self.first_proto.ClearField('optional_nested_message')
+    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+
+  def testRepeatedScalar(self):
+    # Change a repeated scalar field.
+    self.first_proto.repeated_int32.append(5)
+    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+    self.first_proto.ClearField('repeated_int32')
+    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+
+  def testRepeatedComposite(self):
+    # Change value within a repeated composite field.
+    self.first_proto.repeated_nested_message[0].bb += 1
+    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+    self.first_proto.repeated_nested_message[0].bb -= 1
+    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+    # Add a value to a repeated composite field.
+    self.first_proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+    self.second_proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+
+  def testNonRepeatedScalarHasBits(self):
+    # Ensure that we test "has" bits as well as value for
+    # nonrepeated scalar field.
+    self.first_proto.ClearField('optional_int32')
+    self.second_proto.optional_int32 = 0
+    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+
+  def testNonRepeatedCompositeHasBits(self):
+    # Ensure that we test "has" bits as well as value for
+    # nonrepeated composite field.
+    self.first_proto.ClearField('optional_nested_message')
+    self.second_proto.optional_nested_message.ClearField('bb')
+    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+    self.first_proto.optional_nested_message.bb = 0
+    self.first_proto.optional_nested_message.ClearField('bb')
+    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class ExtensionEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testExtensionEquality(self):
+    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+    test_util.SetAllExtensions(first_proto)
+    self.assertNotEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+    test_util.SetAllExtensions(second_proto)
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+
+    # Ensure that we check value equality.
+    first_proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension] += 1
+    self.assertNotEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+    first_proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension] -= 1
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+
+    # Ensure that we also look at "has" bits.
+    first_proto.ClearExtension(unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension)
+    second_proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension] = 0
+    self.assertNotEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+    first_proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension] = 0
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+
+    # Ensure that differences in cached values
+    # don't matter if "has" bits are both false.
+    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        0, first_proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension])
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class MutualRecursionEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testEqualityWithMutualRecursion(self):
+    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestMutualRecursionA()
+    second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestMutualRecursionA()
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+    first_proto.bb.a.bb.optional_int32 = 23
+    self.assertNotEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+    second_proto.bb.a.bb.optional_int32 = 23
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class ByteSizeTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.extended_proto = more_extensions_pb2.ExtendedMessage()
+    self.packed_proto = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    self.packed_extended_proto = unittest_pb2.TestPackedExtensions()
+
+  def Size(self):
+    return self.proto.ByteSize()
+
+  def testEmptyMessage(self):
+    self.assertEqual(0, self.proto.ByteSize())
+
+  def testSizedOnKwargs(self):
+    # Use a separate message to ensure testing right after creation.
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.ByteSize())
+    proto_kwargs = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(optional_int64 = 1)
+    # One byte for the tag, one to encode varint 1.
+    self.assertEqual(2, proto_kwargs.ByteSize())
+
+  def testVarints(self):
+    def Test(i, expected_varint_size):
+      self.proto.Clear()
+      self.proto.optional_int64 = i
+      # Add one to the varint size for the tag info
+      # for tag 1.
+      self.assertEqual(expected_varint_size + 1, self.Size())
+    Test(0, 1)
+    Test(1, 1)
+    for i, num_bytes in zip(range(7, 63, 7), range(1, 10000)):
+      Test((1 << i) - 1, num_bytes)
+    Test(-1, 10)
+    Test(-2, 10)
+    Test(-(1 << 63), 10)
+
+  def testStrings(self):
+    self.proto.optional_string = ''
+    # Need one byte for tag info (tag #14), and one byte for length.
+    self.assertEqual(2, self.Size())
+
+    self.proto.optional_string = 'abc'
+    # Need one byte for tag info (tag #14), and one byte for length.
+    self.assertEqual(2 + len(self.proto.optional_string), self.Size())
+
+    self.proto.optional_string = 'x' * 128
+    # Need one byte for tag info (tag #14), and TWO bytes for length.
+    self.assertEqual(3 + len(self.proto.optional_string), self.Size())
+
+  def testOtherNumerics(self):
+    self.proto.optional_fixed32 = 1234
+    # One byte for tag and 4 bytes for fixed32.
+    self.assertEqual(5, self.Size())
+    self.proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    self.proto.optional_fixed64 = 1234
+    # One byte for tag and 8 bytes for fixed64.
+    self.assertEqual(9, self.Size())
+    self.proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    self.proto.optional_float = 1.234
+    # One byte for tag and 4 bytes for float.
+    self.assertEqual(5, self.Size())
+    self.proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    self.proto.optional_double = 1.234
+    # One byte for tag and 8 bytes for float.
+    self.assertEqual(9, self.Size())
+    self.proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    self.proto.optional_sint32 = 64
+    # One byte for tag and 2 bytes for zig-zag-encoded 64.
+    self.assertEqual(3, self.Size())
+    self.proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+  def testComposites(self):
+    # 3 bytes.
+    self.proto.optional_nested_message.bb = (1 << 14)
+    # Plus one byte for bb tag.
+    # Plus 1 byte for optional_nested_message serialized size.
+    # Plus two bytes for optional_nested_message tag.
+    self.assertEqual(3 + 1 + 1 + 2, self.Size())
+
+  def testGroups(self):
+    # 4 bytes.
+    self.proto.optionalgroup.a = (1 << 21)
+    # Plus two bytes for |a| tag.
+    # Plus 2 * two bytes for START_GROUP and END_GROUP tags.
+    self.assertEqual(4 + 2 + 2*2, self.Size())
+
+  def testRepeatedScalars(self):
+    self.proto.repeated_int32.append(10)  # 1 byte.
+    self.proto.repeated_int32.append(128)  # 2 bytes.
+    # Also need 2 bytes for each entry for tag.
+    self.assertEqual(1 + 2 + 2*2, self.Size())
+
+  def testRepeatedScalarsExtend(self):
+    self.proto.repeated_int32.extend([10, 128])  # 3 bytes.
+    # Also need 2 bytes for each entry for tag.
+    self.assertEqual(1 + 2 + 2*2, self.Size())
+
+  def testRepeatedScalarsRemove(self):
+    self.proto.repeated_int32.append(10)  # 1 byte.
+    self.proto.repeated_int32.append(128)  # 2 bytes.
+    # Also need 2 bytes for each entry for tag.
+    self.assertEqual(1 + 2 + 2*2, self.Size())
+    self.proto.repeated_int32.remove(128)
+    self.assertEqual(1 + 2, self.Size())
+
+  def testRepeatedComposites(self):
+    # Empty message.  2 bytes tag plus 1 byte length.
+    foreign_message_0 = self.proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    # 2 bytes tag plus 1 byte length plus 1 byte bb tag 1 byte int.
+    foreign_message_1 = self.proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    foreign_message_1.bb = 7
+    self.assertEqual(2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1, self.Size())
+
+  def testRepeatedCompositesDelete(self):
+    # Empty message.  2 bytes tag plus 1 byte length.
+    foreign_message_0 = self.proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    # 2 bytes tag plus 1 byte length plus 1 byte bb tag 1 byte int.
+    foreign_message_1 = self.proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    foreign_message_1.bb = 9
+    self.assertEqual(2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1, self.Size())
+    repeated_nested_message = copy.deepcopy(
+        self.proto.repeated_nested_message)
+
+    # 2 bytes tag plus 1 byte length plus 1 byte bb tag 1 byte int.
+    del self.proto.repeated_nested_message[0]
+    self.assertEqual(2 + 1 + 1 + 1, self.Size())
+
+    # Now add a new message.
+    foreign_message_2 = self.proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    foreign_message_2.bb = 12
+
+    # 2 bytes tag plus 1 byte length plus 1 byte bb tag 1 byte int.
+    # 2 bytes tag plus 1 byte length plus 1 byte bb tag 1 byte int.
+    self.assertEqual(2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1, self.Size())
+
+    # 2 bytes tag plus 1 byte length plus 1 byte bb tag 1 byte int.
+    del self.proto.repeated_nested_message[1]
+    self.assertEqual(2 + 1 + 1 + 1, self.Size())
+
+    del self.proto.repeated_nested_message[0]
+    self.assertEqual(0, self.Size())
+
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(repeated_nested_message))
+    del repeated_nested_message[0:1]
+    # TODO(jieluo): Fix cpp extension bug when delete repeated message.
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      self.assertEqual(1, len(repeated_nested_message))
+    del repeated_nested_message[-1]
+    # TODO(jieluo): Fix cpp extension bug when delete repeated message.
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      self.assertEqual(0, len(repeated_nested_message))
+
+  def testRepeatedGroups(self):
+    # 2-byte START_GROUP plus 2-byte END_GROUP.
+    group_0 = self.proto.repeatedgroup.add()
+    # 2-byte START_GROUP plus 2-byte |a| tag + 1-byte |a|
+    # plus 2-byte END_GROUP.
+    group_1 = self.proto.repeatedgroup.add()
+    group_1.a =  7
+    self.assertEqual(2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 2, self.Size())
+
+  def testExtensions(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    self.assertEqual(0, proto.ByteSize())
+    extension = unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension  # Field #1, 1 byte.
+    proto.Extensions[extension] = 23
+    # 1 byte for tag, 1 byte for value.
+    self.assertEqual(2, proto.ByteSize())
+    field = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name[
+        'optional_int32']
+    with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+      proto.Extensions[field] = 23
+
+  def testCacheInvalidationForNonrepeatedScalar(self):
+    # Test non-extension.
+    self.proto.optional_int32 = 1
+    self.assertEqual(2, self.proto.ByteSize())
+    self.proto.optional_int32 = 128
+    self.assertEqual(3, self.proto.ByteSize())
+    self.proto.ClearField('optional_int32')
+    self.assertEqual(0, self.proto.ByteSize())
+
+    # Test within extension.
+    extension = more_extensions_pb2.optional_int_extension
+    self.extended_proto.Extensions[extension] = 1
+    self.assertEqual(2, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+    self.extended_proto.Extensions[extension] = 128
+    self.assertEqual(3, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+    self.extended_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
+    self.assertEqual(0, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+
+  def testCacheInvalidationForRepeatedScalar(self):
+    # Test non-extension.
+    self.proto.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    self.assertEqual(3, self.proto.ByteSize())
+    self.proto.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    self.assertEqual(6, self.proto.ByteSize())
+    self.proto.repeated_int32[1] = 128
+    self.assertEqual(7, self.proto.ByteSize())
+    self.proto.ClearField('repeated_int32')
+    self.assertEqual(0, self.proto.ByteSize())
+
+    # Test within extension.
+    extension = more_extensions_pb2.repeated_int_extension
+    repeated = self.extended_proto.Extensions[extension]
+    repeated.append(1)
+    self.assertEqual(2, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+    repeated.append(1)
+    self.assertEqual(4, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+    repeated[1] = 128
+    self.assertEqual(5, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+    self.extended_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
+    self.assertEqual(0, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+
+  def testCacheInvalidationForNonrepeatedMessage(self):
+    # Test non-extension.
+    self.proto.optional_foreign_message.c = 1
+    self.assertEqual(5, self.proto.ByteSize())
+    self.proto.optional_foreign_message.c = 128
+    self.assertEqual(6, self.proto.ByteSize())
+    self.proto.optional_foreign_message.ClearField('c')
+    self.assertEqual(3, self.proto.ByteSize())
+    self.proto.ClearField('optional_foreign_message')
+    self.assertEqual(0, self.proto.ByteSize())
+
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      # This is only possible in pure-Python implementation of the API.
+      child = self.proto.optional_foreign_message
+      self.proto.ClearField('optional_foreign_message')
+      child.c = 128
+      self.assertEqual(0, self.proto.ByteSize())
+
+    # Test within extension.
+    extension = more_extensions_pb2.optional_message_extension
+    child = self.extended_proto.Extensions[extension]
+    self.assertEqual(0, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+    child.foreign_message_int = 1
+    self.assertEqual(4, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+    child.foreign_message_int = 128
+    self.assertEqual(5, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+    self.extended_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
+    self.assertEqual(0, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+
+  def testCacheInvalidationForRepeatedMessage(self):
+    # Test non-extension.
+    child0 = self.proto.repeated_foreign_message.add()
+    self.assertEqual(3, self.proto.ByteSize())
+    self.proto.repeated_foreign_message.add()
+    self.assertEqual(6, self.proto.ByteSize())
+    child0.c = 1
+    self.assertEqual(8, self.proto.ByteSize())
+    self.proto.ClearField('repeated_foreign_message')
+    self.assertEqual(0, self.proto.ByteSize())
+
+    # Test within extension.
+    extension = more_extensions_pb2.repeated_message_extension
+    child_list = self.extended_proto.Extensions[extension]
+    child0 = child_list.add()
+    self.assertEqual(2, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+    child_list.add()
+    self.assertEqual(4, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+    child0.foreign_message_int = 1
+    self.assertEqual(6, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+    child0.ClearField('foreign_message_int')
+    self.assertEqual(4, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+    self.extended_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
+    self.assertEqual(0, self.extended_proto.ByteSize())
+
+  def testPackedRepeatedScalars(self):
+    self.assertEqual(0, self.packed_proto.ByteSize())
+
+    self.packed_proto.packed_int32.append(10)   # 1 byte.
+    self.packed_proto.packed_int32.append(128)  # 2 bytes.
+    # The tag is 2 bytes (the field number is 90), and the varint
+    # storing the length is 1 byte.
+    int_size = 1 + 2 + 3
+    self.assertEqual(int_size, self.packed_proto.ByteSize())
+
+    self.packed_proto.packed_double.append(4.2)   # 8 bytes
+    self.packed_proto.packed_double.append(3.25)  # 8 bytes
+    # 2 more tag bytes, 1 more length byte.
+    double_size = 8 + 8 + 3
+    self.assertEqual(int_size+double_size, self.packed_proto.ByteSize())
+
+    self.packed_proto.ClearField('packed_int32')
+    self.assertEqual(double_size, self.packed_proto.ByteSize())
+
+  def testPackedExtensions(self):
+    self.assertEqual(0, self.packed_extended_proto.ByteSize())
+    extension = self.packed_extended_proto.Extensions[
+        unittest_pb2.packed_fixed32_extension]
+    extension.extend([1, 2, 3, 4])   # 16 bytes
+    # Tag is 3 bytes.
+    self.assertEqual(19, self.packed_extended_proto.ByteSize())
+
+
+# Issues to be sure to cover include:
+#   * Handling of unrecognized tags ("uninterpreted_bytes").
+#   * Handling of MessageSets.
+#   * Consistent ordering of tags in the wire format,
+#     including ordering between extensions and non-extension
+#     fields.
+#   * Consistent serialization of negative numbers, especially
+#     negative int32s.
+#   * Handling of empty submessages (with and without "has"
+#     bits set).
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class SerializationTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testSerializeEmtpyMessage(self):
+    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    serialized = first_proto.SerializeToString()
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto.ByteSize(), len(serialized))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(serialized),
+        second_proto.MergeFromString(serialized))
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+
+  def testSerializeAllFields(self):
+    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(first_proto)
+    serialized = first_proto.SerializeToString()
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto.ByteSize(), len(serialized))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(serialized),
+        second_proto.MergeFromString(serialized))
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+
+  def testSerializeAllExtensions(self):
+    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    test_util.SetAllExtensions(first_proto)
+    serialized = first_proto.SerializeToString()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(serialized),
+        second_proto.MergeFromString(serialized))
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+
+  def testSerializeWithOptionalGroup(self):
+    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    first_proto.optionalgroup.a = 242
+    serialized = first_proto.SerializeToString()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(serialized),
+        second_proto.MergeFromString(serialized))
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+
+  def testSerializeNegativeValues(self):
+    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+
+    first_proto.optional_int32 = -1
+    first_proto.optional_int64 = -(2 << 40)
+    first_proto.optional_sint32 = -3
+    first_proto.optional_sint64 = -(4 << 40)
+    first_proto.optional_sfixed32 = -5
+    first_proto.optional_sfixed64 = -(6 << 40)
+
+    second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FromString(
+        first_proto.SerializeToString())
+
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+
+  def testParseTruncated(self):
+    # This test is only applicable for the Python implementation of the API.
+    if api_implementation.Type() != 'python':
+      return
+
+    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(first_proto)
+    serialized = memoryview(first_proto.SerializeToString())
+
+    for truncation_point in range(len(serialized) + 1):
+      try:
+        second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+        unknown_fields = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage()
+        pos = second_proto._InternalParse(serialized, 0, truncation_point)
+        # If we didn't raise an error then we read exactly the amount expected.
+        self.assertEqual(truncation_point, pos)
+
+        # Parsing to unknown fields should not throw if parsing to known fields
+        # did not.
+        try:
+          pos2 = unknown_fields._InternalParse(serialized, 0, truncation_point)
+          self.assertEqual(truncation_point, pos2)
+        except message.DecodeError:
+          self.fail('Parsing unknown fields failed when parsing known fields '
+                    'did not.')
+      except message.DecodeError:
+        # Parsing unknown fields should also fail.
+        self.assertRaises(message.DecodeError, unknown_fields._InternalParse,
+                          serialized, 0, truncation_point)
+
+  def testCanonicalSerializationOrder(self):
+    proto = more_messages_pb2.OutOfOrderFields()
+    # These are also their tag numbers.  Even though we're setting these in
+    # reverse-tag order AND they're listed in reverse tag-order in the .proto
+    # file, they should nonetheless be serialized in tag order.
+    proto.optional_sint32 = 5
+    proto.Extensions[more_messages_pb2.optional_uint64] = 4
+    proto.optional_uint32 = 3
+    proto.Extensions[more_messages_pb2.optional_int64] = 2
+    proto.optional_int32 = 1
+    serialized = proto.SerializeToString()
+    self.assertEqual(proto.ByteSize(), len(serialized))
+    d = _MiniDecoder(serialized)
+    ReadTag = d.ReadFieldNumberAndWireType
+    self.assertEqual((1, wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT), ReadTag())
+    self.assertEqual(1, d.ReadInt32())
+    self.assertEqual((2, wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT), ReadTag())
+    self.assertEqual(2, d.ReadInt64())
+    self.assertEqual((3, wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT), ReadTag())
+    self.assertEqual(3, d.ReadUInt32())
+    self.assertEqual((4, wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT), ReadTag())
+    self.assertEqual(4, d.ReadUInt64())
+    self.assertEqual((5, wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT), ReadTag())
+    self.assertEqual(5, d.ReadSInt32())
+
+  def testCanonicalSerializationOrderSameAsCpp(self):
+    # Copy of the same test we use for C++.
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestFieldOrderings()
+    test_util.SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(proto)
+    serialized = proto.SerializeToString()
+    test_util.ExpectAllFieldsAndExtensionsInOrder(serialized)
+
+  def testMergeFromStringWhenFieldsAlreadySet(self):
+    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    first_proto.repeated_string.append('foobar')
+    first_proto.optional_int32 = 23
+    first_proto.optional_nested_message.bb = 42
+    serialized = first_proto.SerializeToString()
+
+    second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    second_proto.repeated_string.append('baz')
+    second_proto.optional_int32 = 100
+    second_proto.optional_nested_message.bb = 999
+
+    bytes_parsed = second_proto.MergeFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertEqual(len(serialized), bytes_parsed)
+
+    # Ensure that we append to repeated fields.
+    self.assertEqual(['baz', 'foobar'], list(second_proto.repeated_string))
+    # Ensure that we overwrite nonrepeatd scalars.
+    self.assertEqual(23, second_proto.optional_int32)
+    # Ensure that we recursively call MergeFromString() on
+    # submessages.
+    self.assertEqual(42, second_proto.optional_nested_message.bb)
+
+  def testMessageSetWireFormat(self):
+    proto = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSet()
+    extension_message1 = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1
+    extension_message2 = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2
+    extension1 = extension_message1.message_set_extension
+    extension2 = extension_message2.message_set_extension
+    extension3 = message_set_extensions_pb2.message_set_extension3
+    proto.Extensions[extension1].i = 123
+    proto.Extensions[extension2].str = 'foo'
+    proto.Extensions[extension3].text = 'bar'
+
+    # Serialize using the MessageSet wire format (this is specified in the
+    # .proto file).
+    serialized = proto.SerializeToString()
+
+    raw = unittest_mset_pb2.RawMessageSet()
+    self.assertEqual(False,
+                     raw.DESCRIPTOR.GetOptions().message_set_wire_format)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(serialized),
+        raw.MergeFromString(serialized))
+    self.assertEqual(3, len(raw.item))
+
+    message1 = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(raw.item[0].message),
+        message1.MergeFromString(raw.item[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(123, message1.i)
+
+    message2 = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(raw.item[1].message),
+        message2.MergeFromString(raw.item[1].message))
+    self.assertEqual('foo', message2.str)
+
+    message3 = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension3()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(raw.item[2].message),
+        message3.MergeFromString(raw.item[2].message))
+    self.assertEqual('bar', message3.text)
+
+    # Deserialize using the MessageSet wire format.
+    proto2 = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSet()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(serialized),
+        proto2.MergeFromString(serialized))
+    self.assertEqual(123, proto2.Extensions[extension1].i)
+    self.assertEqual('foo', proto2.Extensions[extension2].str)
+    self.assertEqual('bar', proto2.Extensions[extension3].text)
+
+    # Check byte size.
+    self.assertEqual(proto2.ByteSize(), len(serialized))
+    self.assertEqual(proto.ByteSize(), len(serialized))
+
+  def testMessageSetWireFormatUnknownExtension(self):
+    # Create a message using the message set wire format with an unknown
+    # message.
+    raw = unittest_mset_pb2.RawMessageSet()
+
+    # Add an item.
+    item = raw.item.add()
+    item.type_id = 98418603
+    extension_message1 = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1
+    message1 = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1()
+    message1.i = 12345
+    item.message = message1.SerializeToString()
+
+    # Add a second, unknown extension.
+    item = raw.item.add()
+    item.type_id = 98418604
+    extension_message1 = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1
+    message1 = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1()
+    message1.i = 12346
+    item.message = message1.SerializeToString()
+
+    # Add another unknown extension.
+    item = raw.item.add()
+    item.type_id = 98418605
+    message1 = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2()
+    message1.str = 'foo'
+    item.message = message1.SerializeToString()
+
+    serialized = raw.SerializeToString()
+
+    # Parse message using the message set wire format.
+    proto = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSet()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(serialized),
+        proto.MergeFromString(serialized))
+
+    # Check that the message parsed well.
+    extension_message1 = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1
+    extension1 = extension_message1.message_set_extension
+    self.assertEqual(12345, proto.Extensions[extension1].i)
+
+  def testUnknownFields(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(proto)
+
+    serialized = proto.SerializeToString()
+
+    # The empty message should be parsable with all of the fields
+    # unknown.
+    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage()
+
+    # Parsing this message should succeed.
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(serialized),
+        proto2.MergeFromString(serialized))
+
+    # Now test with a int64 field set.
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    proto.optional_int64 = 0x0fffffffffffffff
+    serialized = proto.SerializeToString()
+    # The empty message should be parsable with all of the fields
+    # unknown.
+    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage()
+    # Parsing this message should succeed.
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(serialized),
+        proto2.MergeFromString(serialized))
+
+  def _CheckRaises(self, exc_class, callable_obj, exception):
+    """This method checks if the excpetion type and message are as expected."""
+    try:
+      callable_obj()
+    except exc_class as ex:
+      # Check if the exception message is the right one.
+      self.assertEqual(exception, str(ex))
+      return
+    else:
+      raise self.failureException('%s not raised' % str(exc_class))
+
+  def testSerializeUninitialized(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestRequired()
+    self._CheckRaises(
+        message.EncodeError,
+        proto.SerializeToString,
+        'Message protobuf_unittest.TestRequired is missing required fields: '
+        'a,b,c')
+    # Shouldn't raise exceptions.
+    partial = proto.SerializePartialToString()
+
+    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestRequired()
+    self.assertFalse(proto2.HasField('a'))
+    # proto2 ParseFromString does not check that required fields are set.
+    proto2.ParseFromString(partial)
+    self.assertFalse(proto2.HasField('a'))
+
+    proto.a = 1
+    self._CheckRaises(
+        message.EncodeError,
+        proto.SerializeToString,
+        'Message protobuf_unittest.TestRequired is missing required fields: b,c')
+    # Shouldn't raise exceptions.
+    partial = proto.SerializePartialToString()
+
+    proto.b = 2
+    self._CheckRaises(
+        message.EncodeError,
+        proto.SerializeToString,
+        'Message protobuf_unittest.TestRequired is missing required fields: c')
+    # Shouldn't raise exceptions.
+    partial = proto.SerializePartialToString()
+
+    proto.c = 3
+    serialized = proto.SerializeToString()
+    # Shouldn't raise exceptions.
+    partial = proto.SerializePartialToString()
+
+    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestRequired()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(serialized),
+        proto2.MergeFromString(serialized))
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto2.a)
+    self.assertEqual(2, proto2.b)
+    self.assertEqual(3, proto2.c)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(partial),
+        proto2.MergeFromString(partial))
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto2.a)
+    self.assertEqual(2, proto2.b)
+    self.assertEqual(3, proto2.c)
+
+  def testSerializeUninitializedSubMessage(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestRequiredForeign()
+
+    # Sub-message doesn't exist yet, so this succeeds.
+    proto.SerializeToString()
+
+    proto.optional_message.a = 1
+    self._CheckRaises(
+        message.EncodeError,
+        proto.SerializeToString,
+        'Message protobuf_unittest.TestRequiredForeign '
+        'is missing required fields: '
+        'optional_message.b,optional_message.c')
+
+    proto.optional_message.b = 2
+    proto.optional_message.c = 3
+    proto.SerializeToString()
+
+    proto.repeated_message.add().a = 1
+    proto.repeated_message.add().b = 2
+    self._CheckRaises(
+        message.EncodeError,
+        proto.SerializeToString,
+        'Message protobuf_unittest.TestRequiredForeign is missing required fields: '
+        'repeated_message[0].b,repeated_message[0].c,'
+        'repeated_message[1].a,repeated_message[1].c')
+
+    proto.repeated_message[0].b = 2
+    proto.repeated_message[0].c = 3
+    proto.repeated_message[1].a = 1
+    proto.repeated_message[1].c = 3
+    proto.SerializeToString()
+
+  def testSerializeAllPackedFields(self):
+    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllPackedFields(first_proto)
+    serialized = first_proto.SerializeToString()
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto.ByteSize(), len(serialized))
+    bytes_read = second_proto.MergeFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertEqual(second_proto.ByteSize(), bytes_read)
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+
+  def testSerializeAllPackedExtensions(self):
+    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestPackedExtensions()
+    second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestPackedExtensions()
+    test_util.SetAllPackedExtensions(first_proto)
+    serialized = first_proto.SerializeToString()
+    bytes_read = second_proto.MergeFromString(serialized)
+    self.assertEqual(second_proto.ByteSize(), bytes_read)
+    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
+
+  def testMergePackedFromStringWhenSomeFieldsAlreadySet(self):
+    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    first_proto.packed_int32.extend([1, 2])
+    first_proto.packed_double.append(3.0)
+    serialized = first_proto.SerializeToString()
+
+    second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    second_proto.packed_int32.append(3)
+    second_proto.packed_double.extend([1.0, 2.0])
+    second_proto.packed_sint32.append(4)
+
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(serialized),
+        second_proto.MergeFromString(serialized))
+    self.assertEqual([3, 1, 2], second_proto.packed_int32)
+    self.assertEqual([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], second_proto.packed_double)
+    self.assertEqual([4], second_proto.packed_sint32)
+
+  def testPackedFieldsWireFormat(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    proto.packed_int32.extend([1, 2, 150, 3])  # 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 bytes
+    proto.packed_double.extend([1.0, 1000.0])  # 8 + 8 bytes
+    proto.packed_float.append(2.0)             # 4 bytes, will be before double
+    serialized = proto.SerializeToString()
+    self.assertEqual(proto.ByteSize(), len(serialized))
+    d = _MiniDecoder(serialized)
+    ReadTag = d.ReadFieldNumberAndWireType
+    self.assertEqual((90, wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED), ReadTag())
+    self.assertEqual(1+1+1+2, d.ReadInt32())
+    self.assertEqual(1, d.ReadInt32())
+    self.assertEqual(2, d.ReadInt32())
+    self.assertEqual(150, d.ReadInt32())
+    self.assertEqual(3, d.ReadInt32())
+    self.assertEqual((100, wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED), ReadTag())
+    self.assertEqual(4, d.ReadInt32())
+    self.assertEqual(2.0, d.ReadFloat())
+    self.assertEqual((101, wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED), ReadTag())
+    self.assertEqual(8+8, d.ReadInt32())
+    self.assertEqual(1.0, d.ReadDouble())
+    self.assertEqual(1000.0, d.ReadDouble())
+    self.assertTrue(d.EndOfStream())
+
+  def testParsePackedFromUnpacked(self):
+    unpacked = unittest_pb2.TestUnpackedTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllUnpackedFields(unpacked)
+    packed = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    serialized = unpacked.SerializeToString()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(serialized),
+        packed.MergeFromString(serialized))
+    expected = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllPackedFields(expected)
+    self.assertEqual(expected, packed)
+
+  def testParseUnpackedFromPacked(self):
+    packed = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllPackedFields(packed)
+    unpacked = unittest_pb2.TestUnpackedTypes()
+    serialized = packed.SerializeToString()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        len(serialized),
+        unpacked.MergeFromString(serialized))
+    expected = unittest_pb2.TestUnpackedTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllUnpackedFields(expected)
+    self.assertEqual(expected, unpacked)
+
+  def testFieldNumbers(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.BB_FIELD_NUMBER, 1)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.OPTIONAL_INT32_FIELD_NUMBER, 1)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.OPTIONALGROUP_FIELD_NUMBER, 16)
+    self.assertEqual(
+      unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE_FIELD_NUMBER, 18)
+    self.assertEqual(
+      unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.OPTIONAL_NESTED_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER, 21)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.REPEATED_INT32_FIELD_NUMBER, 31)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.REPEATEDGROUP_FIELD_NUMBER, 46)
+    self.assertEqual(
+      unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.REPEATED_NESTED_MESSAGE_FIELD_NUMBER, 48)
+    self.assertEqual(
+      unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.REPEATED_NESTED_ENUM_FIELD_NUMBER, 51)
+
+  def testExtensionFieldNumbers(self):
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestRequired.single.number, 1000)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestRequired.SINGLE_FIELD_NUMBER, 1000)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestRequired.multi.number, 1001)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestRequired.MULTI_FIELD_NUMBER, 1001)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension.number, 1)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.OPTIONAL_INT32_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 1)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.optionalgroup_extension.number, 16)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.OPTIONALGROUP_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 16)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.optional_nested_message_extension.number, 18)
+    self.assertEqual(
+      unittest_pb2.OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 18)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.optional_nested_enum_extension.number, 21)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.OPTIONAL_NESTED_ENUM_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER,
+      21)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension.number, 31)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.REPEATED_INT32_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 31)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.repeatedgroup_extension.number, 46)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.REPEATEDGROUP_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 46)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.repeated_nested_message_extension.number, 48)
+    self.assertEqual(
+      unittest_pb2.REPEATED_NESTED_MESSAGE_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER, 48)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.repeated_nested_enum_extension.number, 51)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.REPEATED_NESTED_ENUM_EXTENSION_FIELD_NUMBER,
+      51)
+
+  def testFieldProperties(self):
+    cls = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes
+    self.assertIs(cls.optional_int32.DESCRIPTOR,
+                  cls.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_int32'])
+    self.assertEqual(cls.OPTIONAL_INT32_FIELD_NUMBER,
+                     cls.optional_int32.DESCRIPTOR.number)
+    self.assertIs(cls.optional_nested_message.DESCRIPTOR,
+                  cls.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_nested_message'])
+    self.assertEqual(cls.OPTIONAL_NESTED_MESSAGE_FIELD_NUMBER,
+                     cls.optional_nested_message.DESCRIPTOR.number)
+    self.assertIs(cls.repeated_int32.DESCRIPTOR,
+                  cls.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['repeated_int32'])
+    self.assertEqual(cls.REPEATED_INT32_FIELD_NUMBER,
+                     cls.repeated_int32.DESCRIPTOR.number)
+
+  def testFieldDataDescriptor(self):
+    msg = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    msg.optional_int32 = 42
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.optional_int32.__get__(msg), 42)
+    unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.optional_int32.__set__(msg, 25)
+    self.assertEqual(msg.optional_int32, 25)
+    with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+      del msg.optional_int32
+    try:
+      unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage.c.__get__(msg)
+    except TypeError:
+      pass  # The cpp implementation cannot mix fields from other messages.
+            # This test exercises a specific check that avoids a crash.
+    else:
+      pass  # The python implementation allows fields from other messages.
+            # This is useless, but works.
+
+  def testInitKwargs(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(
+        optional_int32=1,
+        optional_string='foo',
+        optional_bool=True,
+        optional_bytes=b'bar',
+        optional_nested_message=unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(bb=1),
+        optional_foreign_message=unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=1),
+        optional_nested_enum=unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO,
+        optional_foreign_enum=unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_FOO,
+        repeated_int32=[1, 2, 3])
+    self.assertTrue(proto.IsInitialized())
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_int32'))
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_string'))
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_bool'))
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_bytes'))
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_foreign_message'))
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_enum'))
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_foreign_enum'))
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual('foo', proto.optional_string)
+    self.assertEqual(True, proto.optional_bool)
+    self.assertEqual(b'bar', proto.optional_bytes)
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.optional_nested_message.bb)
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.optional_foreign_message.c)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO,
+                     proto.optional_nested_enum)
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_FOO, proto.optional_foreign_enum)
+    self.assertEqual([1, 2, 3], proto.repeated_int32)
+
+  def testInitArgsUnknownFieldName(self):
+    def InitalizeEmptyMessageWithExtraKeywordArg():
+      unused_proto = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage(unknown='unknown')
+    self._CheckRaises(
+        ValueError,
+        InitalizeEmptyMessageWithExtraKeywordArg,
+        'Protocol message TestEmptyMessage has no "unknown" field.')
+
+  def testInitRequiredKwargs(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestRequired(a=1, b=1, c=1)
+    self.assertTrue(proto.IsInitialized())
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('a'))
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('b'))
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('c'))
+    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('dummy2'))
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.a)
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.b)
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.c)
+
+  def testInitRequiredForeignKwargs(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestRequiredForeign(
+        optional_message=unittest_pb2.TestRequired(a=1, b=1, c=1))
+    self.assertTrue(proto.IsInitialized())
+    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_message'))
+    self.assertTrue(proto.optional_message.IsInitialized())
+    self.assertTrue(proto.optional_message.HasField('a'))
+    self.assertTrue(proto.optional_message.HasField('b'))
+    self.assertTrue(proto.optional_message.HasField('c'))
+    self.assertFalse(proto.optional_message.HasField('dummy2'))
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestRequired(a=1, b=1, c=1),
+                     proto.optional_message)
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.optional_message.a)
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.optional_message.b)
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.optional_message.c)
+
+  def testInitRepeatedKwargs(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(repeated_int32=[1, 2, 3])
+    self.assertTrue(proto.IsInitialized())
+    self.assertEqual(1, proto.repeated_int32[0])
+    self.assertEqual(2, proto.repeated_int32[1])
+    self.assertEqual(3, proto.repeated_int32[2])
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class OptionsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testMessageOptions(self):
+    proto = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSet()
+    self.assertEqual(True,
+                     proto.DESCRIPTOR.GetOptions().message_set_wire_format)
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertEqual(False,
+                     proto.DESCRIPTOR.GetOptions().message_set_wire_format)
+
+  def testPackedOptions(self):
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    proto.optional_int32 = 1
+    proto.optional_double = 3.0
+    for field_descriptor, _ in proto.ListFields():
+      self.assertEqual(False, field_descriptor.GetOptions().packed)
+
+    proto = unittest_pb2.TestPackedTypes()
+    proto.packed_int32.append(1)
+    proto.packed_double.append(3.0)
+    for field_descriptor, _ in proto.ListFields():
+      self.assertEqual(True, field_descriptor.GetOptions().packed)
+      self.assertEqual(descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED,
+                       field_descriptor.label)
+
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class ClassAPITest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(
+      api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp' and api_implementation.Version() == 2,
+      'C++ implementation requires a call to MakeDescriptor()')
+  @testing_refleaks.SkipReferenceLeakChecker('MakeClass is not repeatable')
+  def testMakeClassWithNestedDescriptor(self):
+    leaf_desc = descriptor.Descriptor('leaf', 'package.parent.child.leaf', '',
+                                      containing_type=None, fields=[],
+                                      nested_types=[], enum_types=[],
+                                      extensions=[])
+    child_desc = descriptor.Descriptor('child', 'package.parent.child', '',
+                                       containing_type=None, fields=[],
+                                       nested_types=[leaf_desc], enum_types=[],
+                                       extensions=[])
+    sibling_desc = descriptor.Descriptor('sibling', 'package.parent.sibling',
+                                         '', containing_type=None, fields=[],
+                                         nested_types=[], enum_types=[],
+                                         extensions=[])
+    parent_desc = descriptor.Descriptor('parent', 'package.parent', '',
+                                        containing_type=None, fields=[],
+                                        nested_types=[child_desc, sibling_desc],
+                                        enum_types=[], extensions=[])
+    reflection.MakeClass(parent_desc)
+
+  def _GetSerializedFileDescriptor(self, name):
+    """Get a serialized representation of a test FileDescriptorProto.
+
+    Args:
+      name: All calls to this must use a unique message name, to avoid
+          collisions in the cpp descriptor pool.
+    Returns:
+      A string containing the serialized form of a test FileDescriptorProto.
+    """
+    file_descriptor_str = (
+        'message_type {'
+        '  name: "' + name + '"'
+        '  field {'
+        '    name: "flat"'
+        '    number: 1'
+        '    label: LABEL_REPEATED'
+        '    type: TYPE_UINT32'
+        '  }'
+        '  field {'
+        '    name: "bar"'
+        '    number: 2'
+        '    label: LABEL_OPTIONAL'
+        '    type: TYPE_MESSAGE'
+        '    type_name: "Bar"'
+        '  }'
+        '  nested_type {'
+        '    name: "Bar"'
+        '    field {'
+        '      name: "baz"'
+        '      number: 3'
+        '      label: LABEL_OPTIONAL'
+        '      type: TYPE_MESSAGE'
+        '      type_name: "Baz"'
+        '    }'
+        '    nested_type {'
+        '      name: "Baz"'
+        '      enum_type {'
+        '        name: "deep_enum"'
+        '        value {'
+        '          name: "VALUE_A"'
+        '          number: 0'
+        '        }'
+        '      }'
+        '      field {'
+        '        name: "deep"'
+        '        number: 4'
+        '        label: LABEL_OPTIONAL'
+        '        type: TYPE_UINT32'
+        '      }'
+        '    }'
+        '  }'
+        '}')
+    file_descriptor = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    text_format.Merge(file_descriptor_str, file_descriptor)
+    return file_descriptor.SerializeToString()
+
+  @testing_refleaks.SkipReferenceLeakChecker('MakeDescriptor is not repeatable')
+  # This test can only run once; the second time, it raises errors about
+  # conflicting message descriptors.
+  def testParsingFlatClassWithExplicitClassDeclaration(self):
+    """Test that the generated class can parse a flat message."""
+    # TODO(xiaofeng): This test fails with cpp implemetnation in the call
+    # of six.with_metaclass(). The other two callsites of with_metaclass
+    # in this file are both excluded from cpp test, so it might be expected
+    # to fail. Need someone more familiar with the python code to take a
+    # look at this.
+    if api_implementation.Type() != 'python':
+      return
+    file_descriptor = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    file_descriptor.ParseFromString(self._GetSerializedFileDescriptor('A'))
+    msg_descriptor = descriptor.MakeDescriptor(
+        file_descriptor.message_type[0])
+
+    class MessageClass(six.with_metaclass(reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType, message.Message)):
+      DESCRIPTOR = msg_descriptor
+    msg = MessageClass()
+    msg_str = (
+        'flat: 0 '
+        'flat: 1 '
+        'flat: 2 ')
+    text_format.Merge(msg_str, msg)
+    self.assertEqual(msg.flat, [0, 1, 2])
+
+  @testing_refleaks.SkipReferenceLeakChecker('MakeDescriptor is not repeatable')
+  def testParsingFlatClass(self):
+    """Test that the generated class can parse a flat message."""
+    file_descriptor = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    file_descriptor.ParseFromString(self._GetSerializedFileDescriptor('B'))
+    msg_descriptor = descriptor.MakeDescriptor(
+        file_descriptor.message_type[0])
+    msg_class = reflection.MakeClass(msg_descriptor)
+    msg = msg_class()
+    msg_str = (
+        'flat: 0 '
+        'flat: 1 '
+        'flat: 2 ')
+    text_format.Merge(msg_str, msg)
+    self.assertEqual(msg.flat, [0, 1, 2])
+
+  @testing_refleaks.SkipReferenceLeakChecker('MakeDescriptor is not repeatable')
+  def testParsingNestedClass(self):
+    """Test that the generated class can parse a nested message."""
+    file_descriptor = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+    file_descriptor.ParseFromString(self._GetSerializedFileDescriptor('C'))
+    msg_descriptor = descriptor.MakeDescriptor(
+        file_descriptor.message_type[0])
+    msg_class = reflection.MakeClass(msg_descriptor)
+    msg = msg_class()
+    msg_str = (
+        'bar {'
+        '  baz {'
+        '    deep: 4'
+        '  }'
+        '}')
+    text_format.Merge(msg_str, msg)
+    self.assertEqual(msg.bar.baz.deep, 4)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/service_reflection_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/service_reflection_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..77239f446
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/service_reflection_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests for google.protobuf.internal.service_reflection."""
+
+__author__ = 'petar@google.com (Petar Petrov)'
+
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import service_reflection
+from google.protobuf import service
+
+
+class FooUnitTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testService(self):
+    class MockRpcChannel(service.RpcChannel):
+      def CallMethod(self, method, controller, request, response, callback):
+        self.method = method
+        self.controller = controller
+        self.request = request
+        callback(response)
+
+    class MockRpcController(service.RpcController):
+      def SetFailed(self, msg):
+        self.failure_message = msg
+
+    self.callback_response = None
+
+    class MyService(unittest_pb2.TestService):
+      pass
+
+    self.callback_response = None
+
+    def MyCallback(response):
+      self.callback_response = response
+
+    rpc_controller = MockRpcController()
+    channel = MockRpcChannel()
+    srvc = MyService()
+    srvc.Foo(rpc_controller, unittest_pb2.FooRequest(), MyCallback)
+    self.assertEqual('Method Foo not implemented.',
+                     rpc_controller.failure_message)
+    self.assertEqual(None, self.callback_response)
+
+    rpc_controller.failure_message = None
+
+    service_descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestService.GetDescriptor()
+    srvc.CallMethod(service_descriptor.methods[1], rpc_controller,
+                    unittest_pb2.BarRequest(), MyCallback)
+    self.assertTrue(srvc.GetRequestClass(service_descriptor.methods[1]) is
+                    unittest_pb2.BarRequest)
+    self.assertTrue(srvc.GetResponseClass(service_descriptor.methods[1]) is
+                    unittest_pb2.BarResponse)
+    self.assertEqual('Method Bar not implemented.',
+                     rpc_controller.failure_message)
+    self.assertEqual(None, self.callback_response)
+
+    class MyServiceImpl(unittest_pb2.TestService):
+      def Foo(self, rpc_controller, request, done):
+        self.foo_called = True
+      def Bar(self, rpc_controller, request, done):
+        self.bar_called = True
+
+    srvc = MyServiceImpl()
+    rpc_controller.failure_message = None
+    srvc.Foo(rpc_controller, unittest_pb2.FooRequest(), MyCallback)
+    self.assertEqual(None, rpc_controller.failure_message)
+    self.assertEqual(True, srvc.foo_called)
+
+    rpc_controller.failure_message = None
+    srvc.CallMethod(service_descriptor.methods[1], rpc_controller,
+                    unittest_pb2.BarRequest(), MyCallback)
+    self.assertEqual(None, rpc_controller.failure_message)
+    self.assertEqual(True, srvc.bar_called)
+
+  def testServiceStub(self):
+    class MockRpcChannel(service.RpcChannel):
+      def CallMethod(self, method, controller, request,
+                     response_class, callback):
+        self.method = method
+        self.controller = controller
+        self.request = request
+        callback(response_class())
+
+    self.callback_response = None
+
+    def MyCallback(response):
+      self.callback_response = response
+
+    channel = MockRpcChannel()
+    stub = unittest_pb2.TestService_Stub(channel)
+    rpc_controller = 'controller'
+    request = 'request'
+
+    # GetDescriptor now static, still works as instance method for compatibility
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestService_Stub.GetDescriptor(),
+                     stub.GetDescriptor())
+
+    # Invoke method.
+    stub.Foo(rpc_controller, request, MyCallback)
+
+    self.assertIsInstance(self.callback_response, unittest_pb2.FooResponse)
+    self.assertEqual(request, channel.request)
+    self.assertEqual(rpc_controller, channel.controller)
+    self.assertEqual(stub.GetDescriptor().methods[0], channel.method)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/symbol_database_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/symbol_database_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af42681ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/symbol_database_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests for google.protobuf.symbol_database."""
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool
+from google.protobuf import symbol_database
+
+
+class SymbolDatabaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def _Database(self):
+    if descriptor._USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
+      # The C++ implementation does not allow mixing descriptors from
+      # different pools.
+      db = symbol_database.SymbolDatabase(pool=descriptor_pool.Default())
+    else:
+      db = symbol_database.SymbolDatabase()
+    # Register representative types from unittest_pb2.
+    db.RegisterFileDescriptor(unittest_pb2.DESCRIPTOR)
+    db.RegisterMessage(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes)
+    db.RegisterMessage(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage)
+    db.RegisterMessage(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup)
+    db.RegisterMessage(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup)
+    db.RegisterEnumDescriptor(unittest_pb2.ForeignEnum.DESCRIPTOR)
+    db.RegisterEnumDescriptor(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum.DESCRIPTOR)
+    db.RegisterServiceDescriptor(unittest_pb2._TESTSERVICE)
+    return db
+
+  def testGetPrototype(self):
+    instance = self._Database().GetPrototype(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR)
+    self.assertTrue(instance is unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes)
+
+  def testGetMessages(self):
+    messages = self._Database().GetMessages(
+        ['google/protobuf/unittest.proto'])
+    self.assertTrue(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes is
+        messages['protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes'])
+
+  def testGetSymbol(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes, self._Database().GetSymbol(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes'))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage, self._Database().GetSymbol(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage'))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup, self._Database().GetSymbol(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup'))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup, self._Database().GetSymbol(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup'))
+
+  def testEnums(self):
+    # Check registration of types in the pool.
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum',
+        self._Database().pool.FindEnumTypeByName(
+            'protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum').full_name)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum',
+        self._Database().pool.FindEnumTypeByName(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum').full_name)
+
+  def testFindMessageTypeByName(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes',
+        self._Database().pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes').full_name)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage',
+        self._Database().pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage').full_name)
+
+  def testFindServiceByName(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'protobuf_unittest.TestService',
+        self._Database().pool.FindServiceByName(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestService').full_name)
+
+  def testFindFileContainingSymbol(self):
+    # Lookup based on either enum or message.
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'google/protobuf/unittest.proto',
+        self._Database().pool.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum').name)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'google/protobuf/unittest.proto',
+        self._Database().pool.FindFileContainingSymbol(
+            'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes').name)
+
+  def testFindFileByName(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'google/protobuf/unittest.proto',
+        self._Database().pool.FindFileByName(
+            'google/protobuf/unittest.proto').name)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/test_bad_identifiers.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/test_bad_identifiers.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..caf86b5f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/test_bad_identifiers.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option py_generic_services = true;
+
+message TestBadIdentifiers {
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+// Make sure these reasonable extension names don't conflict with internal
+// variables.
+extend TestBadIdentifiers {
+  optional string message = 100 [default = "foo"];
+  optional string descriptor = 101 [default = "bar"];
+  optional string reflection = 102 [default = "baz"];
+  optional string service = 103 [default = "qux"];
+}
+
+message AnotherMessage {}
+service AnotherService {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/test_util.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/test_util.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a6e34ef56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/test_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,868 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Utilities for Python proto2 tests.
+
+This is intentionally modeled on C++ code in
+//google/protobuf/test_util.*.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+import numbers
+import operator
+import os.path
+
+from google.protobuf import unittest_import_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+
+try:
+  long        # Python 2
+except NameError:
+  long = int  # Python 3
+
+
+# Tests whether the given TestAllTypes message is proto2 or not.
+# This is used to gate several fields/features that only exist
+# for the proto2 version of the message.
+def IsProto2(message):
+  return message.DESCRIPTOR.syntax == "proto2"
+
+
+def SetAllNonLazyFields(message):
+  """Sets every non-lazy field in the message to a unique value.
+
+  Args:
+    message: A TestAllTypes instance.
+  """
+
+  #
+  # Optional fields.
+  #
+
+  message.optional_int32    = 101
+  message.optional_int64    = 102
+  message.optional_uint32   = 103
+  message.optional_uint64   = 104
+  message.optional_sint32   = 105
+  message.optional_sint64   = 106
+  message.optional_fixed32  = 107
+  message.optional_fixed64  = 108
+  message.optional_sfixed32 = 109
+  message.optional_sfixed64 = 110
+  message.optional_float    = 111
+  message.optional_double   = 112
+  message.optional_bool     = True
+  message.optional_string   = u'115'
+  message.optional_bytes    = b'116'
+
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    message.optionalgroup.a = 117
+  message.optional_nested_message.bb = 118
+  message.optional_foreign_message.c = 119
+  message.optional_import_message.d = 120
+  message.optional_public_import_message.e = 126
+
+  message.optional_nested_enum = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ
+  message.optional_foreign_enum = unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    message.optional_import_enum = unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_BAZ
+
+  message.optional_string_piece = u'124'
+  message.optional_cord = u'125'
+
+  #
+  # Repeated fields.
+  #
+
+  message.repeated_int32.append(201)
+  message.repeated_int64.append(202)
+  message.repeated_uint32.append(203)
+  message.repeated_uint64.append(204)
+  message.repeated_sint32.append(205)
+  message.repeated_sint64.append(206)
+  message.repeated_fixed32.append(207)
+  message.repeated_fixed64.append(208)
+  message.repeated_sfixed32.append(209)
+  message.repeated_sfixed64.append(210)
+  message.repeated_float.append(211)
+  message.repeated_double.append(212)
+  message.repeated_bool.append(True)
+  message.repeated_string.append(u'215')
+  message.repeated_bytes.append(b'216')
+
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    message.repeatedgroup.add().a = 217
+  message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 218
+  message.repeated_foreign_message.add().c = 219
+  message.repeated_import_message.add().d = 220
+  message.repeated_lazy_message.add().bb = 227
+
+  message.repeated_nested_enum.append(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR)
+  message.repeated_foreign_enum.append(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR)
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    message.repeated_import_enum.append(unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_BAR)
+
+  message.repeated_string_piece.append(u'224')
+  message.repeated_cord.append(u'225')
+
+  # Add a second one of each field and set value by index.
+  message.repeated_int32.append(0)
+  message.repeated_int64.append(0)
+  message.repeated_uint32.append(0)
+  message.repeated_uint64.append(0)
+  message.repeated_sint32.append(0)
+  message.repeated_sint64.append(0)
+  message.repeated_fixed32.append(0)
+  message.repeated_fixed64.append(0)
+  message.repeated_sfixed32.append(0)
+  message.repeated_sfixed64.append(0)
+  message.repeated_float.append(0)
+  message.repeated_double.append(0)
+  message.repeated_bool.append(True)
+  message.repeated_string.append(u'0')
+  message.repeated_bytes.append(b'0')
+  message.repeated_int32[1] = 301
+  message.repeated_int64[1] = 302
+  message.repeated_uint32[1] = 303
+  message.repeated_uint64[1] = 304
+  message.repeated_sint32[1] = 305
+  message.repeated_sint64[1] = 306
+  message.repeated_fixed32[1] = 307
+  message.repeated_fixed64[1] = 308
+  message.repeated_sfixed32[1] = 309
+  message.repeated_sfixed64[1] = 310
+  message.repeated_float[1] = 311
+  message.repeated_double[1] = 312
+  message.repeated_bool[1] = False
+  message.repeated_string[1] = u'315'
+  message.repeated_bytes[1] = b'316'
+
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    message.repeatedgroup.add().a = 317
+  message.repeated_nested_message.add().bb = 318
+  message.repeated_foreign_message.add().c = 319
+  message.repeated_import_message.add().d = 320
+  message.repeated_lazy_message.add().bb = 327
+
+  message.repeated_nested_enum.append(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR)
+  message.repeated_nested_enum[1] = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ
+  message.repeated_foreign_enum.append(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ)
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    message.repeated_import_enum.append(unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_BAZ)
+
+  message.repeated_string_piece.append(u'324')
+  message.repeated_cord.append(u'325')
+
+  #
+  # Fields that have defaults.
+  #
+
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    message.default_int32 = 401
+    message.default_int64 = 402
+    message.default_uint32 = 403
+    message.default_uint64 = 404
+    message.default_sint32 = 405
+    message.default_sint64 = 406
+    message.default_fixed32 = 407
+    message.default_fixed64 = 408
+    message.default_sfixed32 = 409
+    message.default_sfixed64 = 410
+    message.default_float = 411
+    message.default_double = 412
+    message.default_bool = False
+    message.default_string = '415'
+    message.default_bytes = b'416'
+
+    message.default_nested_enum = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO
+    message.default_foreign_enum = unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_FOO
+    message.default_import_enum = unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_FOO
+
+    message.default_string_piece = '424'
+    message.default_cord = '425'
+
+  message.oneof_uint32 = 601
+  message.oneof_nested_message.bb = 602
+  message.oneof_string = '603'
+  message.oneof_bytes = b'604'
+
+
+def SetAllFields(message):
+  SetAllNonLazyFields(message)
+  message.optional_lazy_message.bb = 127
+
+
+def SetAllExtensions(message):
+  """Sets every extension in the message to a unique value.
+
+  Args:
+    message: A unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions instance.
+  """
+
+  extensions = message.Extensions
+  pb2 = unittest_pb2
+  import_pb2 = unittest_import_pb2
+
+  #
+  # Optional fields.
+  #
+
+  extensions[pb2.optional_int32_extension] = 101
+  extensions[pb2.optional_int64_extension] = 102
+  extensions[pb2.optional_uint32_extension] = 103
+  extensions[pb2.optional_uint64_extension] = 104
+  extensions[pb2.optional_sint32_extension] = 105
+  extensions[pb2.optional_sint64_extension] = 106
+  extensions[pb2.optional_fixed32_extension] = 107
+  extensions[pb2.optional_fixed64_extension] = 108
+  extensions[pb2.optional_sfixed32_extension] = 109
+  extensions[pb2.optional_sfixed64_extension] = 110
+  extensions[pb2.optional_float_extension] = 111
+  extensions[pb2.optional_double_extension] = 112
+  extensions[pb2.optional_bool_extension] = True
+  extensions[pb2.optional_string_extension] = u'115'
+  extensions[pb2.optional_bytes_extension] = b'116'
+
+  extensions[pb2.optionalgroup_extension].a = 117
+  extensions[pb2.optional_nested_message_extension].bb = 118
+  extensions[pb2.optional_foreign_message_extension].c = 119
+  extensions[pb2.optional_import_message_extension].d = 120
+  extensions[pb2.optional_public_import_message_extension].e = 126
+  extensions[pb2.optional_lazy_message_extension].bb = 127
+
+  extensions[pb2.optional_nested_enum_extension] = pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ
+  extensions[pb2.optional_nested_enum_extension] = pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ
+  extensions[pb2.optional_foreign_enum_extension] = pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ
+  extensions[pb2.optional_import_enum_extension] = import_pb2.IMPORT_BAZ
+
+  extensions[pb2.optional_string_piece_extension] = u'124'
+  extensions[pb2.optional_cord_extension] = u'125'
+
+  #
+  # Repeated fields.
+  #
+
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_int32_extension].append(201)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_int64_extension].append(202)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_uint32_extension].append(203)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_uint64_extension].append(204)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sint32_extension].append(205)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sint64_extension].append(206)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_fixed32_extension].append(207)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_fixed64_extension].append(208)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sfixed32_extension].append(209)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sfixed64_extension].append(210)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_float_extension].append(211)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_double_extension].append(212)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_bool_extension].append(True)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_string_extension].append(u'215')
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_bytes_extension].append(b'216')
+
+  extensions[pb2.repeatedgroup_extension].add().a = 217
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_nested_message_extension].add().bb = 218
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_foreign_message_extension].add().c = 219
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_import_message_extension].add().d = 220
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_lazy_message_extension].add().bb = 227
+
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_nested_enum_extension].append(pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_foreign_enum_extension].append(pb2.FOREIGN_BAR)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_import_enum_extension].append(import_pb2.IMPORT_BAR)
+
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_string_piece_extension].append(u'224')
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_cord_extension].append(u'225')
+
+  # Append a second one of each field.
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_int32_extension].append(301)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_int64_extension].append(302)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_uint32_extension].append(303)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_uint64_extension].append(304)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sint32_extension].append(305)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sint64_extension].append(306)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_fixed32_extension].append(307)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_fixed64_extension].append(308)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sfixed32_extension].append(309)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_sfixed64_extension].append(310)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_float_extension].append(311)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_double_extension].append(312)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_bool_extension].append(False)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_string_extension].append(u'315')
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_bytes_extension].append(b'316')
+
+  extensions[pb2.repeatedgroup_extension].add().a = 317
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_nested_message_extension].add().bb = 318
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_foreign_message_extension].add().c = 319
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_import_message_extension].add().d = 320
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_lazy_message_extension].add().bb = 327
+
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_nested_enum_extension].append(pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_foreign_enum_extension].append(pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ)
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_import_enum_extension].append(import_pb2.IMPORT_BAZ)
+
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_string_piece_extension].append(u'324')
+  extensions[pb2.repeated_cord_extension].append(u'325')
+
+  #
+  # Fields with defaults.
+  #
+
+  extensions[pb2.default_int32_extension] = 401
+  extensions[pb2.default_int64_extension] = 402
+  extensions[pb2.default_uint32_extension] = 403
+  extensions[pb2.default_uint64_extension] = 404
+  extensions[pb2.default_sint32_extension] = 405
+  extensions[pb2.default_sint64_extension] = 406
+  extensions[pb2.default_fixed32_extension] = 407
+  extensions[pb2.default_fixed64_extension] = 408
+  extensions[pb2.default_sfixed32_extension] = 409
+  extensions[pb2.default_sfixed64_extension] = 410
+  extensions[pb2.default_float_extension] = 411
+  extensions[pb2.default_double_extension] = 412
+  extensions[pb2.default_bool_extension] = False
+  extensions[pb2.default_string_extension] = u'415'
+  extensions[pb2.default_bytes_extension] = b'416'
+
+  extensions[pb2.default_nested_enum_extension] = pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO
+  extensions[pb2.default_foreign_enum_extension] = pb2.FOREIGN_FOO
+  extensions[pb2.default_import_enum_extension] = import_pb2.IMPORT_FOO
+
+  extensions[pb2.default_string_piece_extension] = u'424'
+  extensions[pb2.default_cord_extension] = '425'
+
+  extensions[pb2.oneof_uint32_extension] = 601
+  extensions[pb2.oneof_nested_message_extension].bb = 602
+  extensions[pb2.oneof_string_extension] = u'603'
+  extensions[pb2.oneof_bytes_extension] = b'604'
+
+
+def SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(message):
+  """Sets every field and extension in the message to a unique value.
+
+  Args:
+    message: A unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions message.
+  """
+  message.my_int = 1
+  message.my_string = 'foo'
+  message.my_float = 1.0
+  message.Extensions[unittest_pb2.my_extension_int] = 23
+  message.Extensions[unittest_pb2.my_extension_string] = 'bar'
+
+
+def ExpectAllFieldsAndExtensionsInOrder(serialized):
+  """Ensures that serialized is the serialization we expect for a message
+  filled with SetAllFieldsAndExtensions().  (Specifically, ensures that the
+  serialization is in canonical, tag-number order).
+  """
+  my_extension_int = unittest_pb2.my_extension_int
+  my_extension_string = unittest_pb2.my_extension_string
+  expected_strings = []
+  message = unittest_pb2.TestFieldOrderings()
+  message.my_int = 1  # Field 1.
+  expected_strings.append(message.SerializeToString())
+  message.Clear()
+  message.Extensions[my_extension_int] = 23  # Field 5.
+  expected_strings.append(message.SerializeToString())
+  message.Clear()
+  message.my_string = 'foo'  # Field 11.
+  expected_strings.append(message.SerializeToString())
+  message.Clear()
+  message.Extensions[my_extension_string] = 'bar'  # Field 50.
+  expected_strings.append(message.SerializeToString())
+  message.Clear()
+  message.my_float = 1.0
+  expected_strings.append(message.SerializeToString())
+  message.Clear()
+  expected = b''.join(expected_strings)
+
+  if expected != serialized:
+    raise ValueError('Expected %r, found %r' % (expected, serialized))
+
+
+def ExpectAllFieldsSet(test_case, message):
+  """Check all fields for correct values have after Set*Fields() is called."""
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_int32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_int64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_uint32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_uint64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_sint32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_sint64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_fixed32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_fixed64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_sfixed32'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_sfixed64'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_float'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_double'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_bool'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_string'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_bytes'))
+
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optionalgroup'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_foreign_message'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_import_message'))
+
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.optionalgroup.HasField('a'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.optional_nested_message.HasField('bb'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.optional_foreign_message.HasField('c'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.optional_import_message.HasField('d'))
+
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_nested_enum'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_foreign_enum'))
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_import_enum'))
+
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_string_piece'))
+  test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_cord'))
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(101, message.optional_int32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(102, message.optional_int64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(103, message.optional_uint32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(104, message.optional_uint64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(105, message.optional_sint32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(106, message.optional_sint64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(107, message.optional_fixed32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(108, message.optional_fixed64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(109, message.optional_sfixed32)
+  test_case.assertEqual(110, message.optional_sfixed64)
+  test_case.assertEqual(111, message.optional_float)
+  test_case.assertEqual(112, message.optional_double)
+  test_case.assertEqual(True, message.optional_bool)
+  test_case.assertEqual('115', message.optional_string)
+  test_case.assertEqual(b'116', message.optional_bytes)
+
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    test_case.assertEqual(117, message.optionalgroup.a)
+  test_case.assertEqual(118, message.optional_nested_message.bb)
+  test_case.assertEqual(119, message.optional_foreign_message.c)
+  test_case.assertEqual(120, message.optional_import_message.d)
+  test_case.assertEqual(126, message.optional_public_import_message.e)
+  test_case.assertEqual(127, message.optional_lazy_message.bb)
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ,
+                        message.optional_nested_enum)
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ,
+                        message.optional_foreign_enum)
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    test_case.assertEqual(unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_BAZ,
+                          message.optional_import_enum)
+
+  # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_int32))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_int64))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_uint32))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_uint64))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_sint32))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_sint64))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_fixed32))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_fixed64))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_sfixed32))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_sfixed64))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_float))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_double))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_bool))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_string))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_bytes))
+
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeatedgroup))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_nested_message))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_foreign_message))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_import_message))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_nested_enum))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_foreign_enum))
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_import_enum))
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_string_piece))
+  test_case.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeated_cord))
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(201, message.repeated_int32[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(202, message.repeated_int64[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(203, message.repeated_uint32[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(204, message.repeated_uint64[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(205, message.repeated_sint32[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(206, message.repeated_sint64[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(207, message.repeated_fixed32[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(208, message.repeated_fixed64[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(209, message.repeated_sfixed32[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(210, message.repeated_sfixed64[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(211, message.repeated_float[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(212, message.repeated_double[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(True, message.repeated_bool[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual('215', message.repeated_string[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(b'216', message.repeated_bytes[0])
+
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    test_case.assertEqual(217, message.repeatedgroup[0].a)
+  test_case.assertEqual(218, message.repeated_nested_message[0].bb)
+  test_case.assertEqual(219, message.repeated_foreign_message[0].c)
+  test_case.assertEqual(220, message.repeated_import_message[0].d)
+  test_case.assertEqual(227, message.repeated_lazy_message[0].bb)
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR,
+                        message.repeated_nested_enum[0])
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR,
+                        message.repeated_foreign_enum[0])
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    test_case.assertEqual(unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_BAR,
+                          message.repeated_import_enum[0])
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(301, message.repeated_int32[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(302, message.repeated_int64[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(303, message.repeated_uint32[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(304, message.repeated_uint64[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(305, message.repeated_sint32[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(306, message.repeated_sint64[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(307, message.repeated_fixed32[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(308, message.repeated_fixed64[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(309, message.repeated_sfixed32[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(310, message.repeated_sfixed64[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(311, message.repeated_float[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(312, message.repeated_double[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(False, message.repeated_bool[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual('315', message.repeated_string[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(b'316', message.repeated_bytes[1])
+
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    test_case.assertEqual(317, message.repeatedgroup[1].a)
+  test_case.assertEqual(318, message.repeated_nested_message[1].bb)
+  test_case.assertEqual(319, message.repeated_foreign_message[1].c)
+  test_case.assertEqual(320, message.repeated_import_message[1].d)
+  test_case.assertEqual(327, message.repeated_lazy_message[1].bb)
+
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ,
+                        message.repeated_nested_enum[1])
+  test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ,
+                        message.repeated_foreign_enum[1])
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    test_case.assertEqual(unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_BAZ,
+                          message.repeated_import_enum[1])
+
+  # -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  if IsProto2(message):
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_int32'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_int64'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_uint32'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_uint64'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_sint32'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_sint64'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_fixed32'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_fixed64'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_sfixed32'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_sfixed64'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_float'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_double'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_bool'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_string'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_bytes'))
+
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_nested_enum'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_foreign_enum'))
+    test_case.assertTrue(message.HasField('default_import_enum'))
+
+    test_case.assertEqual(401, message.default_int32)
+    test_case.assertEqual(402, message.default_int64)
+    test_case.assertEqual(403, message.default_uint32)
+    test_case.assertEqual(404, message.default_uint64)
+    test_case.assertEqual(405, message.default_sint32)
+    test_case.assertEqual(406, message.default_sint64)
+    test_case.assertEqual(407, message.default_fixed32)
+    test_case.assertEqual(408, message.default_fixed64)
+    test_case.assertEqual(409, message.default_sfixed32)
+    test_case.assertEqual(410, message.default_sfixed64)
+    test_case.assertEqual(411, message.default_float)
+    test_case.assertEqual(412, message.default_double)
+    test_case.assertEqual(False, message.default_bool)
+    test_case.assertEqual('415', message.default_string)
+    test_case.assertEqual(b'416', message.default_bytes)
+
+    test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO,
+                          message.default_nested_enum)
+    test_case.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_FOO,
+                          message.default_foreign_enum)
+    test_case.assertEqual(unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_FOO,
+                          message.default_import_enum)
+
+
+def GoldenFile(filename):
+  """Finds the given golden file and returns a file object representing it."""
+
+  # Search up the directory tree looking for the C++ protobuf source code.
+  path = '.'
+  while os.path.exists(path):
+    if os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, 'src/google/protobuf')):
+      # Found it.  Load the golden file from the testdata directory.
+      full_path = os.path.join(path, 'src/google/protobuf/testdata', filename)
+      return open(full_path, 'rb')
+    path = os.path.join(path, '..')
+
+  # Search internally.
+  path = '.'
+  full_path = os.path.join(path, 'third_party/py/google/protobuf/testdata',
+                           filename)
+  if os.path.exists(full_path):
+    # Found it.  Load the golden file from the testdata directory.
+    return open(full_path, 'rb')
+
+  raise RuntimeError(
+      'Could not find golden files.  This test must be run from within the '
+      'protobuf source package so that it can read test data files from the '
+      'C++ source tree.')
+
+
+def GoldenFileData(filename):
+  """Finds the given golden file and returns its contents."""
+  with GoldenFile(filename) as f:
+    return f.read()
+
+
+def SetAllPackedFields(message):
+  """Sets every field in the message to a unique value.
+
+  Args:
+    message: A TestPackedTypes instance.
+  """
+  message.packed_int32.extend([601, 701])
+  message.packed_int64.extend([602, 702])
+  message.packed_uint32.extend([603, 703])
+  message.packed_uint64.extend([604, 704])
+  message.packed_sint32.extend([605, 705])
+  message.packed_sint64.extend([606, 706])
+  message.packed_fixed32.extend([607, 707])
+  message.packed_fixed64.extend([608, 708])
+  message.packed_sfixed32.extend([609, 709])
+  message.packed_sfixed64.extend([610, 710])
+  message.packed_float.extend([611.0, 711.0])
+  message.packed_double.extend([612.0, 712.0])
+  message.packed_bool.extend([True, False])
+  message.packed_enum.extend([unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR,
+                              unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ])
+
+
+def SetAllPackedExtensions(message):
+  """Sets every extension in the message to a unique value.
+
+  Args:
+    message: A unittest_pb2.TestPackedExtensions instance.
+  """
+  extensions = message.Extensions
+  pb2 = unittest_pb2
+
+  extensions[pb2.packed_int32_extension].extend([601, 701])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_int64_extension].extend([602, 702])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_uint32_extension].extend([603, 703])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_uint64_extension].extend([604, 704])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_sint32_extension].extend([605, 705])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_sint64_extension].extend([606, 706])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_fixed32_extension].extend([607, 707])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_fixed64_extension].extend([608, 708])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_sfixed32_extension].extend([609, 709])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_sfixed64_extension].extend([610, 710])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_float_extension].extend([611.0, 711.0])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_double_extension].extend([612.0, 712.0])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_bool_extension].extend([True, False])
+  extensions[pb2.packed_enum_extension].extend([unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR,
+                                                unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ])
+
+
+def SetAllUnpackedFields(message):
+  """Sets every field in the message to a unique value.
+
+  Args:
+    message: A unittest_pb2.TestUnpackedTypes instance.
+  """
+  message.unpacked_int32.extend([601, 701])
+  message.unpacked_int64.extend([602, 702])
+  message.unpacked_uint32.extend([603, 703])
+  message.unpacked_uint64.extend([604, 704])
+  message.unpacked_sint32.extend([605, 705])
+  message.unpacked_sint64.extend([606, 706])
+  message.unpacked_fixed32.extend([607, 707])
+  message.unpacked_fixed64.extend([608, 708])
+  message.unpacked_sfixed32.extend([609, 709])
+  message.unpacked_sfixed64.extend([610, 710])
+  message.unpacked_float.extend([611.0, 711.0])
+  message.unpacked_double.extend([612.0, 712.0])
+  message.unpacked_bool.extend([True, False])
+  message.unpacked_enum.extend([unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR,
+                                unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ])
+
+
+class NonStandardInteger(numbers.Integral):
+  """An integer object that does not subclass int.
+
+  This is used to verify that both C++ and regular proto systems can handle
+  integer others than int and long and that they handle them in predictable
+  ways.
+
+  NonStandardInteger is the minimal legal specification for a custom Integral.
+  As such, it does not support 0 < x < 5 and it is not hashable.
+
+  Note: This is added here instead of relying on numpy or a similar library
+  with custom integers to limit dependencies.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, val, error_string_on_conversion=None):
+    assert isinstance(val, numbers.Integral)
+    if isinstance(val, NonStandardInteger):
+      val = val.val
+    self.val = val
+    self.error_string_on_conversion = error_string_on_conversion
+
+  def __long__(self):
+    if self.error_string_on_conversion:
+      raise RuntimeError(self.error_string_on_conversion)
+    return long(self.val)
+
+  def __abs__(self):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.abs(self.val))
+
+  def __add__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.add(self.val, y))
+
+  def __div__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.div(self.val, y))
+
+  def __eq__(self, y):
+    return operator.eq(self.val, y)
+
+  def __floordiv__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.floordiv(self.val, y))
+
+  def __truediv__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.truediv(self.val, y))
+
+  def __invert__(self):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.invert(self.val))
+
+  def __mod__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.mod(self.val, y))
+
+  def __mul__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.mul(self.val, y))
+
+  def __neg__(self):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.neg(self.val))
+
+  def __pos__(self):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.pos(self.val))
+
+  def __pow__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.pow(self.val, y))
+
+  def __trunc__(self):
+    return int(self.val)
+
+  def __radd__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.add(y, self.val))
+
+  def __rdiv__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.div(y, self.val))
+
+  def __rmod__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.mod(y, self.val))
+
+  def __rmul__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.mul(y, self.val))
+
+  def __rpow__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.pow(y, self.val))
+
+  def __rfloordiv__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.floordiv(y, self.val))
+
+  def __rtruediv__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.truediv(y, self.val))
+
+  def __lshift__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.lshift(self.val, y))
+
+  def __rshift__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.rshift(self.val, y))
+
+  def __rlshift__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.lshift(y, self.val))
+
+  def __rrshift__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.rshift(y, self.val))
+
+  def __le__(self, y):
+    if isinstance(y, NonStandardInteger):
+      y = y.val
+    return operator.le(self.val, y)
+
+  def __lt__(self, y):
+    if isinstance(y, NonStandardInteger):
+      y = y.val
+    return operator.lt(self.val, y)
+
+  def __and__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.and_(self.val, y))
+
+  def __or__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.or_(self.val, y))
+
+  def __xor__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.xor(self.val, y))
+
+  def __rand__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.and_(y, self.val))
+
+  def __ror__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.or_(y, self.val))
+
+  def __rxor__(self, y):
+    return NonStandardInteger(operator.xor(y, self.val))
+
+  def __bool__(self):
+    return self.val
+
+  def __nonzero__(self):
+    return self.val
+
+  def __ceil__(self):
+    return self
+
+  def __floor__(self):
+    return self
+
+  def __int__(self):
+    if self.error_string_on_conversion:
+      raise RuntimeError(self.error_string_on_conversion)
+    return int(self.val)
+
+  def __round__(self):
+    return self
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return 'NonStandardInteger(%s)' % self.val
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/testing_refleaks.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/testing_refleaks.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e448fceef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/testing_refleaks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""A subclass of unittest.TestCase which checks for reference leaks.
+
+To use:
+- Use testing_refleak.BaseTestCase instead of unittest.TestCase
+- Configure and compile Python with --with-pydebug
+
+If sys.gettotalrefcount() is not available (because Python was built without
+the Py_DEBUG option), then this module is a no-op and tests will run normally.
+"""
+
+import gc
+import sys
+
+try:
+  import copy_reg as copyreg  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import copyreg
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+
+class LocalTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
+  """A TestResult which forwards events to a parent object, except for Skips."""
+
+  def __init__(self, parent_result):
+    unittest.TestResult.__init__(self)
+    self.parent_result = parent_result
+
+  def addError(self, test, error):
+    self.parent_result.addError(test, error)
+
+  def addFailure(self, test, error):
+    self.parent_result.addFailure(test, error)
+
+  def addSkip(self, test, reason):
+    pass
+
+
+class ReferenceLeakCheckerMixin(object):
+  """A mixin class for TestCase, which checks reference counts."""
+
+  NB_RUNS = 3
+
+  def run(self, result=None):
+    # python_message.py registers all Message classes to some pickle global
+    # registry, which makes the classes immortal.
+    # We save a copy of this registry, and reset it before we could references.
+    self._saved_pickle_registry = copyreg.dispatch_table.copy()
+
+    # Run the test twice, to warm up the instance attributes.
+    super(ReferenceLeakCheckerMixin, self).run(result=result)
+    super(ReferenceLeakCheckerMixin, self).run(result=result)
+
+    oldrefcount = 0
+    local_result = LocalTestResult(result)
+
+    refcount_deltas = []
+    for _ in range(self.NB_RUNS):
+      oldrefcount = self._getRefcounts()
+      super(ReferenceLeakCheckerMixin, self).run(result=local_result)
+      newrefcount = self._getRefcounts()
+      refcount_deltas.append(newrefcount - oldrefcount)
+    print(refcount_deltas, self)
+
+    try:
+      self.assertEqual(refcount_deltas, [0] * self.NB_RUNS)
+    except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+      result.addError(self, sys.exc_info())
+
+  def _getRefcounts(self):
+    copyreg.dispatch_table.clear()
+    copyreg.dispatch_table.update(self._saved_pickle_registry)
+    # It is sometimes necessary to gc.collect() multiple times, to ensure
+    # that all objects can be collected.
+    gc.collect()
+    gc.collect()
+    gc.collect()
+    return sys.gettotalrefcount()
+
+
+if hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'):
+
+  def TestCase(test_class):
+    new_bases = (ReferenceLeakCheckerMixin,) + test_class.__bases__
+    new_class = type(test_class)(
+        test_class.__name__, new_bases, dict(test_class.__dict__))
+    return new_class
+  SkipReferenceLeakChecker = unittest.skip
+
+else:
+  # When PyDEBUG is not enabled, run the tests normally.
+
+  def TestCase(test_class):
+    return test_class
+
+  def SkipReferenceLeakChecker(reason):
+    del reason  # Don't skip, so don't need a reason.
+    def Same(func):
+      return func
+    return Same
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/text_encoding_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/text_encoding_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c7d182c44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/text_encoding_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests for google.protobuf.text_encoding."""
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+from google.protobuf import text_encoding
+
+TEST_VALUES = [
+    ("foo\\rbar\\nbaz\\t",
+     "foo\\rbar\\nbaz\\t",
+     b"foo\rbar\nbaz\t"),
+    ("\\'full of \\\"sound\\\" and \\\"fury\\\"\\'",
+     "\\'full of \\\"sound\\\" and \\\"fury\\\"\\'",
+     b"'full of \"sound\" and \"fury\"'"),
+    ("signi\\\\fying\\\\ nothing\\\\",
+     "signi\\\\fying\\\\ nothing\\\\",
+     b"signi\\fying\\ nothing\\"),
+    ("\\010\\t\\n\\013\\014\\r",
+     "\x08\\t\\n\x0b\x0c\\r",
+     b"\010\011\012\013\014\015")]
+
+
+class TextEncodingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+  def testCEscape(self):
+    for escaped, escaped_utf8, unescaped in TEST_VALUES:
+      self.assertEqual(escaped,
+                        text_encoding.CEscape(unescaped, as_utf8=False))
+      self.assertEqual(escaped_utf8,
+                        text_encoding.CEscape(unescaped, as_utf8=True))
+
+  def testCUnescape(self):
+    for escaped, escaped_utf8, unescaped in TEST_VALUES:
+      self.assertEqual(unescaped, text_encoding.CUnescape(escaped))
+      self.assertEqual(unescaped, text_encoding.CUnescape(escaped_utf8))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aa6f97b1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2198 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Test for google.protobuf.text_format."""
+
+import io
+import math
+import re
+import string
+import textwrap
+
+import six
+
+# pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  # PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+from google.protobuf import any_pb2
+from google.protobuf import any_test_pb2
+from google.protobuf import map_unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_custom_options_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_mset_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_proto3_arena_pb2
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import any_test_pb2 as test_extend_any
+from google.protobuf.internal import message_set_extensions_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import test_util
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool
+from google.protobuf import text_format
+from google.protobuf.internal import _parameterized
+# pylint: enable=g-import-not-at-top
+
+
+# Low-level nuts-n-bolts tests.
+class SimpleTextFormatTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  # The members of _QUOTES are formatted into a regexp template that
+  # expects single characters.  Therefore it's an error (in addition to being
+  # non-sensical in the first place) to try to specify a "quote mark" that is
+  # more than one character.
+  def testQuoteMarksAreSingleChars(self):
+    for quote in text_format._QUOTES:
+      self.assertEqual(1, len(quote))
+
+
+# Base class with some common functionality.
+class TextFormatBase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def ReadGolden(self, golden_filename):
+    with test_util.GoldenFile(golden_filename) as f:
+      return (f.readlines() if str is bytes else  # PY3
+              [golden_line.decode('utf-8') for golden_line in f])
+
+  def CompareToGoldenFile(self, text, golden_filename):
+    golden_lines = self.ReadGolden(golden_filename)
+    self.assertMultiLineEqual(text, ''.join(golden_lines))
+
+  def CompareToGoldenText(self, text, golden_text):
+    self.assertEqual(text, golden_text)
+
+  def RemoveRedundantZeros(self, text):
+    # Some platforms print 1e+5 as 1e+005.  This is fine, but we need to remove
+    # these zeros in order to match the golden file.
+    text = text.replace('e+0','e+').replace('e+0','e+') \
+               .replace('e-0','e-').replace('e-0','e-')
+    # Floating point fields are printed with .0 suffix even if they are
+    # actualy integer numbers.
+    text = re.compile(r'\.0$', re.MULTILINE).sub('', text)
+    return text
+
+
+@_parameterized.parameters(unittest_pb2, unittest_proto3_arena_pb2)
+class TextFormatMessageToStringTests(TextFormatBase):
+
+  def testPrintExotic(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.repeated_int64.append(-9223372036854775808)
+    message.repeated_uint64.append(18446744073709551615)
+    message.repeated_double.append(123.456)
+    message.repeated_double.append(1.23e22)
+    message.repeated_double.append(1.23e-18)
+    message.repeated_string.append('\000\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'"')
+    message.repeated_string.append(u'\u00fc\ua71f')
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(message)),
+        'repeated_int64: -9223372036854775808\n'
+        'repeated_uint64: 18446744073709551615\n'
+        'repeated_double: 123.456\n'
+        'repeated_double: 1.23e+22\n'
+        'repeated_double: 1.23e-18\n'
+        'repeated_string:'
+        ' "\\000\\001\\007\\010\\014\\n\\r\\t\\013\\\\\\\'\\""\n'
+        'repeated_string: "\\303\\274\\352\\234\\237"\n')
+
+  def testPrintExoticUnicodeSubclass(self, message_module):
+
+    class UnicodeSub(six.text_type):
+      pass
+
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.repeated_string.append(UnicodeSub(u'\u00fc\ua71f'))
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message),
+        'repeated_string: "\\303\\274\\352\\234\\237"\n')
+
+  def testPrintNestedMessageAsOneLine(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    msg = message.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    msg.bb = 42
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message, as_one_line=True),
+        'repeated_nested_message { bb: 42 }')
+
+  def testPrintRepeatedFieldsAsOneLine(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    message.repeated_int32.append(3)
+    message.repeated_string.append('Google')
+    message.repeated_string.append('Zurich')
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message, as_one_line=True),
+        'repeated_int32: 1 repeated_int32: 1 repeated_int32: 3 '
+        'repeated_string: "Google" repeated_string: "Zurich"')
+
+  def VerifyPrintShortFormatRepeatedFields(self, message_module, as_one_line):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.repeated_int32.append(1)
+    message.repeated_string.append('Google')
+    message.repeated_string.append('Hello,World')
+    message.repeated_foreign_enum.append(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_FOO)
+    message.repeated_foreign_enum.append(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR)
+    message.repeated_foreign_enum.append(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAZ)
+    message.optional_nested_message.bb = 3
+    for i in (21, 32):
+      msg = message.repeated_nested_message.add()
+      msg.bb = i
+    expected_ascii = (
+        'optional_nested_message {\n  bb: 3\n}\n'
+        'repeated_int32: [1]\n'
+        'repeated_string: "Google"\n'
+        'repeated_string: "Hello,World"\n'
+        'repeated_nested_message {\n  bb: 21\n}\n'
+        'repeated_nested_message {\n  bb: 32\n}\n'
+        'repeated_foreign_enum: [FOREIGN_FOO, FOREIGN_BAR, FOREIGN_BAZ]\n')
+    if as_one_line:
+      expected_ascii = expected_ascii.replace('\n', ' ')
+      expected_ascii = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', expected_ascii)
+      expected_ascii = re.sub(r'\s$', '', expected_ascii)
+
+    actual_ascii = text_format.MessageToString(
+        message, use_short_repeated_primitives=True,
+        as_one_line=as_one_line)
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(actual_ascii, expected_ascii)
+    parsed_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Parse(actual_ascii, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(parsed_message, message)
+
+  def testPrintShortFormatRepeatedFields(self, message_module):
+    self.VerifyPrintShortFormatRepeatedFields(message_module, False)
+    self.VerifyPrintShortFormatRepeatedFields(message_module, True)
+
+  def testPrintNestedNewLineInStringAsOneLine(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.optional_string = 'a\nnew\nline'
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message, as_one_line=True),
+        'optional_string: "a\\nnew\\nline"')
+
+  def testPrintExoticAsOneLine(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.repeated_int64.append(-9223372036854775808)
+    message.repeated_uint64.append(18446744073709551615)
+    message.repeated_double.append(123.456)
+    message.repeated_double.append(1.23e22)
+    message.repeated_double.append(1.23e-18)
+    message.repeated_string.append('\000\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'"')
+    message.repeated_string.append(u'\u00fc\ua71f')
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(
+            message, as_one_line=True)),
+        'repeated_int64: -9223372036854775808'
+        ' repeated_uint64: 18446744073709551615'
+        ' repeated_double: 123.456'
+        ' repeated_double: 1.23e+22'
+        ' repeated_double: 1.23e-18'
+        ' repeated_string: '
+        '"\\000\\001\\007\\010\\014\\n\\r\\t\\013\\\\\\\'\\""'
+        ' repeated_string: "\\303\\274\\352\\234\\237"')
+
+  def testRoundTripExoticAsOneLine(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.repeated_int64.append(-9223372036854775808)
+    message.repeated_uint64.append(18446744073709551615)
+    message.repeated_double.append(123.456)
+    message.repeated_double.append(1.23e22)
+    message.repeated_double.append(1.23e-18)
+    message.repeated_string.append('\000\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'"')
+    message.repeated_string.append(u'\u00fc\ua71f')
+
+    # Test as_utf8 = False.
+    wire_text = text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                            as_one_line=True,
+                                            as_utf8=False)
+    parsed_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    r = text_format.Parse(wire_text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertIs(r, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+    # Test as_utf8 = True.
+    wire_text = text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                            as_one_line=True,
+                                            as_utf8=True)
+    parsed_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    r = text_format.Parse(wire_text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertIs(r, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message,
+                     '\n%s != %s' % (message, parsed_message))
+
+  def testPrintRawUtf8String(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.repeated_string.append(u'\u00fc\t\ua71f')
+    text = text_format.MessageToString(message, as_utf8=True)
+    golden_unicode = u'repeated_string: "\u00fc\\t\ua71f"\n'
+    golden_text = golden_unicode if six.PY3 else golden_unicode.encode('utf-8')
+    # MessageToString always returns a native str.
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(text, golden_text)
+    parsed_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Parse(text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        message, parsed_message, '\n%s != %s  (%s != %s)' %
+        (message, parsed_message, message.repeated_string[0],
+         parsed_message.repeated_string[0]))
+
+  def testPrintFloatFormat(self, message_module):
+    # Check that float_format argument is passed to sub-message formatting.
+    message = message_module.NestedTestAllTypes()
+    message.payload.optional_float = 1.25
+    # Check rounding at 15 significant digits
+    message.payload.optional_double = -.000003456789012345678
+    # Check no decimal point.
+    message.payload.repeated_float.append(-5642)
+    # Check no trailing zeros.
+    message.payload.repeated_double.append(.000078900)
+    formatted_fields = ['optional_float: 1.25',
+                        'optional_double: -3.45678901234568e-6',
+                        'repeated_float: -5642', 'repeated_double: 7.89e-5']
+    text_message = text_format.MessageToString(message, float_format='.15g')
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_message),
+        'payload {{\n  {0}\n  {1}\n  {2}\n  {3}\n}}\n'.format(
+            *formatted_fields))
+    # as_one_line=True is a separate code branch where float_format is passed.
+    text_message = text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                               as_one_line=True,
+                                               float_format='.15g')
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_message),
+        'payload {{ {0} {1} {2} {3} }}'.format(*formatted_fields))
+
+    # 32-bit 1.2 is noisy when extended to 64-bit:
+    #  >>> struct.unpack('f', struct.pack('f', 1.2))[0]
+    #  1.2000000476837158
+    # TODO(jieluo): change to 1.2 with cl/241634942.
+    message.payload.optional_float = 1.2000000476837158
+    formatted_fields = ['optional_float: 1.2',
+                        'optional_double: -3.45678901234568e-6',
+                        'repeated_float: -5642', 'repeated_double: 7.89e-5']
+    text_message = text_format.MessageToString(message, float_format='.7g',
+                                               double_format='.15g')
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_message),
+        'payload {{\n  {0}\n  {1}\n  {2}\n  {3}\n}}\n'.format(
+            *formatted_fields))
+
+    # Test only set float_format affect both float and double fields.
+    formatted_fields = ['optional_float: 1.2',
+                        'optional_double: -3.456789e-6',
+                        'repeated_float: -5642', 'repeated_double: 7.89e-5']
+    text_message = text_format.MessageToString(message, float_format='.7g')
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_message),
+        'payload {{\n  {0}\n  {1}\n  {2}\n  {3}\n}}\n'.format(
+            *formatted_fields))
+
+    # Test default float_format has 8 valid digits.
+    message.payload.optional_float = 1.2345678912
+    message.payload.optional_double = 1.2345678912
+    formatted_fields = ['optional_float: 1.2345679',
+                        'optional_double: 1.2345678912',
+                        'repeated_float: -5642', 'repeated_double: 7.89e-5']
+    text_message = text_format.MessageToString(message)
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_message),
+        'payload {{\n  {0}\n  {1}\n  {2}\n  {3}\n}}\n'.format(
+            *formatted_fields))
+
+  def testMessageToString(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.ForeignMessage()
+    message.c = 123
+    self.assertEqual('c: 123\n', str(message))
+
+  def testMessageToStringUnicode(self, message_module):
+    golden_unicode = u'� short desçription and a �.'
+    golden_bytes = golden_unicode.encode('utf-8')
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.optional_string = golden_unicode
+    message.optional_bytes = golden_bytes
+    text = text_format.MessageToString(message, as_utf8=True)
+    golden_message = textwrap.dedent(
+        'optional_string: "� short desçription and a �."\n'
+        'optional_bytes: '
+        r'"\303\201 short des\303\247ription and a \360\237\215\214."'
+        '\n')
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(text, golden_message)
+
+  def testMessageToStringASCII(self, message_module):
+    golden_unicode = u'� short desçription and a �.'
+    golden_bytes = golden_unicode.encode('utf-8')
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.optional_string = golden_unicode
+    message.optional_bytes = golden_bytes
+    text = text_format.MessageToString(message, as_utf8=False)  # ASCII
+    golden_message = (
+        'optional_string: '
+        r'"\303\201 short des\303\247ription and a \360\237\215\214."'
+        '\n'
+        'optional_bytes: '
+        r'"\303\201 short des\303\247ription and a \360\237\215\214."'
+        '\n')
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(text, golden_message)
+
+  def testPrintField(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    field = message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_float']
+    value = message.optional_float
+    out = text_format.TextWriter(False)
+    text_format.PrintField(field, value, out)
+    self.assertEqual('optional_float: 0.0\n', out.getvalue())
+    out.close()
+    # Test Printer
+    out = text_format.TextWriter(False)
+    printer = text_format._Printer(out)
+    printer.PrintField(field, value)
+    self.assertEqual('optional_float: 0.0\n', out.getvalue())
+    out.close()
+
+  def testPrintFieldValue(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    field = message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_float']
+    value = message.optional_float
+    out = text_format.TextWriter(False)
+    text_format.PrintFieldValue(field, value, out)
+    self.assertEqual('0.0', out.getvalue())
+    out.close()
+    # Test Printer
+    out = text_format.TextWriter(False)
+    printer = text_format._Printer(out)
+    printer.PrintFieldValue(field, value)
+    self.assertEqual('0.0', out.getvalue())
+    out.close()
+
+  def testCustomOptions(self, message_module):
+    message_descriptor = (unittest_custom_options_pb2.
+                          TestMessageWithCustomOptions.DESCRIPTOR)
+    message_proto = descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto()
+    message_descriptor.CopyToProto(message_proto)
+    expected_text = (
+        'name: "TestMessageWithCustomOptions"\n'
+        'field {\n'
+        '  name: "field1"\n'
+        '  number: 1\n'
+        '  label: LABEL_OPTIONAL\n'
+        '  type: TYPE_STRING\n'
+        '  options {\n'
+        '    ctype: CORD\n'
+        '    [protobuf_unittest.field_opt1]: 8765432109\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '}\n'
+        'field {\n'
+        '  name: "oneof_field"\n'
+        '  number: 2\n'
+        '  label: LABEL_OPTIONAL\n'
+        '  type: TYPE_INT32\n'
+        '  oneof_index: 0\n'
+        '}\n'
+        'enum_type {\n'
+        '  name: "AnEnum"\n'
+        '  value {\n'
+        '    name: "ANENUM_VAL1"\n'
+        '    number: 1\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '  value {\n'
+        '    name: "ANENUM_VAL2"\n'
+        '    number: 2\n'
+        '    options {\n'
+        '      [protobuf_unittest.enum_value_opt1]: 123\n'
+        '    }\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '  options {\n'
+        '    [protobuf_unittest.enum_opt1]: -789\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '}\n'
+        'options {\n'
+        '  message_set_wire_format: false\n'
+        '  [protobuf_unittest.message_opt1]: -56\n'
+        '}\n'
+        'oneof_decl {\n'
+        '  name: "AnOneof"\n'
+        '  options {\n'
+        '    [protobuf_unittest.oneof_opt1]: -99\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '}\n')
+    self.assertEqual(expected_text,
+                     text_format.MessageToString(message_proto))
+    parsed_proto = descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto()
+    text_format.Parse(expected_text, parsed_proto)
+    self.assertEqual(message_proto, parsed_proto)
+
+  def testPrintUnknownFieldsEmbeddedMessageInBytes(self, message_module):
+    inner_msg = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    inner_msg.optional_int32 = 101
+    inner_msg.optional_double = 102.0
+    inner_msg.optional_string = u'hello'
+    inner_msg.optional_bytes = b'103'
+    inner_msg.optional_nested_message.bb = 105
+    inner_data = inner_msg.SerializeToString()
+    outer_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    outer_message.optional_int32 = 101
+    outer_message.optional_bytes = inner_data
+    all_data = outer_message.SerializeToString()
+    empty_message = message_module.TestEmptyMessage()
+    empty_message.ParseFromString(all_data)
+
+    self.assertEqual('  1: 101\n'
+                     '  15 {\n'
+                     '    1: 101\n'
+                     '    12: 4636878028842991616\n'
+                     '    14: "hello"\n'
+                     '    15: "103"\n'
+                     '    18 {\n'
+                     '      1: 105\n'
+                     '    }\n'
+                     '  }\n',
+                     text_format.MessageToString(empty_message,
+                                                 indent=2,
+                                                 print_unknown_fields=True))
+    self.assertEqual('1: 101 '
+                     '15 { '
+                     '1: 101 '
+                     '12: 4636878028842991616 '
+                     '14: "hello" '
+                     '15: "103" '
+                     '18 { 1: 105 } '
+                     '}',
+                     text_format.MessageToString(empty_message,
+                                                 print_unknown_fields=True,
+                                                 as_one_line=True))
+
+
+@_parameterized.parameters(unittest_pb2, unittest_proto3_arena_pb2)
+class TextFormatMessageToTextBytesTests(TextFormatBase):
+
+  def testMessageToBytes(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.ForeignMessage()
+    message.c = 123
+    self.assertEqual(b'c: 123\n', text_format.MessageToBytes(message))
+
+  def testRawUtf8RoundTrip(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.repeated_string.append(u'\u00fc\t\ua71f')
+    utf8_text = text_format.MessageToBytes(message, as_utf8=True)
+    golden_bytes = b'repeated_string: "\xc3\xbc\\t\xea\x9c\x9f"\n'
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(utf8_text, golden_bytes)
+    parsed_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Parse(utf8_text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        message, parsed_message, '\n%s != %s  (%s != %s)' %
+        (message, parsed_message, message.repeated_string[0],
+         parsed_message.repeated_string[0]))
+
+  def testEscapedUtf8ASCIIRoundTrip(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.repeated_string.append(u'\u00fc\t\ua71f')
+    ascii_text = text_format.MessageToBytes(message)  # as_utf8=False default
+    golden_bytes = b'repeated_string: "\\303\\274\\t\\352\\234\\237"\n'
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(ascii_text, golden_bytes)
+    parsed_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Parse(ascii_text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        message, parsed_message, '\n%s != %s  (%s != %s)' %
+        (message, parsed_message, message.repeated_string[0],
+         parsed_message.repeated_string[0]))
+
+
+@_parameterized.parameters(unittest_pb2, unittest_proto3_arena_pb2)
+class TextFormatParserTests(TextFormatBase):
+
+  def testParseAllFields(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(message)
+    ascii_text = text_format.MessageToString(message)
+
+    parsed_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Parse(ascii_text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      test_util.ExpectAllFieldsSet(self, message)
+
+  def testParseAndMergeUtf8(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(message)
+    ascii_text = text_format.MessageToString(message)
+    ascii_text = ascii_text.encode('utf-8')
+
+    parsed_message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Parse(ascii_text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      test_util.ExpectAllFieldsSet(self, message)
+
+    parsed_message.Clear()
+    text_format.Merge(ascii_text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+    if message_module is unittest_pb2:
+      test_util.ExpectAllFieldsSet(self, message)
+
+    msg2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = (u'optional_string: "café"')
+    text_format.Merge(text, msg2)
+    self.assertEqual(msg2.optional_string, u'café')
+    msg2.Clear()
+    self.assertEqual(msg2.optional_string, u'')
+    text_format.Parse(text, msg2)
+    self.assertEqual(msg2.optional_string, u'café')
+
+  def testParseDoubleToFloat(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ('repeated_float: 3.4028235e+39\n'
+            'repeated_float: 1.4028235e-39\n')
+    text_format.Parse(text, message)
+    self.assertEqual(message.repeated_float[0], float('inf'))
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(message.repeated_float[1], 1.4028235e-39)
+
+  def testParseExotic(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ('repeated_int64: -9223372036854775808\n'
+            'repeated_uint64: 18446744073709551615\n'
+            'repeated_double: 123.456\n'
+            'repeated_double: 1.23e+22\n'
+            'repeated_double: 1.23e-18\n'
+            'repeated_string: \n'
+            '"\\000\\001\\007\\010\\014\\n\\r\\t\\013\\\\\\\'\\""\n'
+            'repeated_string: "foo" \'corge\' "grault"\n'
+            'repeated_string: "\\303\\274\\352\\234\\237"\n'
+            'repeated_string: "\\xc3\\xbc"\n'
+            'repeated_string: "\xc3\xbc"\n')
+    text_format.Parse(text, message)
+
+    self.assertEqual(-9223372036854775808, message.repeated_int64[0])
+    self.assertEqual(18446744073709551615, message.repeated_uint64[0])
+    self.assertEqual(123.456, message.repeated_double[0])
+    self.assertEqual(1.23e22, message.repeated_double[1])
+    self.assertEqual(1.23e-18, message.repeated_double[2])
+    self.assertEqual('\000\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'"', message.repeated_string[0])
+    self.assertEqual('foocorgegrault', message.repeated_string[1])
+    self.assertEqual(u'\u00fc\ua71f', message.repeated_string[2])
+    self.assertEqual(u'\u00fc', message.repeated_string[3])
+
+  def testParseTrailingCommas(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ('repeated_int64: 100;\n'
+            'repeated_int64: 200;\n'
+            'repeated_int64: 300,\n'
+            'repeated_string: "one",\n'
+            'repeated_string: "two";\n')
+    text_format.Parse(text, message)
+
+    self.assertEqual(100, message.repeated_int64[0])
+    self.assertEqual(200, message.repeated_int64[1])
+    self.assertEqual(300, message.repeated_int64[2])
+    self.assertEqual(u'one', message.repeated_string[0])
+    self.assertEqual(u'two', message.repeated_string[1])
+
+  def testParseRepeatedScalarShortFormat(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ('repeated_int64: [100, 200];\n'
+            'repeated_int64: []\n'
+            'repeated_int64: 300,\n'
+            'repeated_string: ["one", "two"];\n')
+    text_format.Parse(text, message)
+
+    self.assertEqual(100, message.repeated_int64[0])
+    self.assertEqual(200, message.repeated_int64[1])
+    self.assertEqual(300, message.repeated_int64[2])
+    self.assertEqual(u'one', message.repeated_string[0])
+    self.assertEqual(u'two', message.repeated_string[1])
+
+  def testParseRepeatedMessageShortFormat(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ('repeated_nested_message: [{bb: 100}, {bb: 200}],\n'
+            'repeated_nested_message: {bb: 300}\n'
+            'repeated_nested_message [{bb: 400}];\n')
+    text_format.Parse(text, message)
+
+    self.assertEqual(100, message.repeated_nested_message[0].bb)
+    self.assertEqual(200, message.repeated_nested_message[1].bb)
+    self.assertEqual(300, message.repeated_nested_message[2].bb)
+    self.assertEqual(400, message.repeated_nested_message[3].bb)
+
+  def testParseEmptyText(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ''
+    text_format.Parse(text, message)
+    self.assertEqual(message_module.TestAllTypes(), message)
+
+  def testParseInvalidUtf8(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'repeated_string: "\\xc3\\xc3"'
+    with self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError) as e:
+      text_format.Parse(text, message)
+    self.assertEqual(e.exception.GetLine(), 1)
+    self.assertEqual(e.exception.GetColumn(), 28)
+
+  def testParseSingleWord(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'foo'
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        r'1:1 : Message type "\w+.TestAllTypes" has no field named '
+        r'"foo".'), text_format.Parse, text, message)
+
+  def testParseUnknownField(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'unknown_field: 8\n'
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        r'1:1 : Message type "\w+.TestAllTypes" has no field named '
+        r'"unknown_field".'), text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    text = ('optional_int32: 123\n'
+            'unknown_field: 8\n'
+            'optional_nested_message { bb: 45 }')
+    text_format.Parse(text, message, allow_unknown_field=True)
+    self.assertEqual(message.optional_nested_message.bb, 45)
+    self.assertEqual(message.optional_int32, 123)
+
+  def testParseBadEnumValue(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'optional_nested_enum: BARR'
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError,
+                          (r'1:23 : \'optional_nested_enum: BARR\': '
+                           r'Enum type "\w+.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum" '
+                           r'has no value named BARR.'), text_format.Parse,
+                          text, message)
+
+  def testParseBadIntValue(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'optional_int32: bork'
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError,
+                          ('1:17 : \'optional_int32: bork\': '
+                           'Couldn\'t parse integer: bork'),
+                          text_format.Parse, text, message)
+
+  def testParseStringFieldUnescape(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = r'''repeated_string: "\xf\x62"
+               repeated_string: "\\xf\\x62"
+               repeated_string: "\\\xf\\\x62"
+               repeated_string: "\\\\xf\\\\x62"
+               repeated_string: "\\\\\xf\\\\\x62"
+               repeated_string: "\x5cx20"'''
+
+    text_format.Parse(text, message)
+
+    SLASH = '\\'
+    self.assertEqual('\x0fb', message.repeated_string[0])
+    self.assertEqual(SLASH + 'xf' + SLASH + 'x62', message.repeated_string[1])
+    self.assertEqual(SLASH + '\x0f' + SLASH + 'b', message.repeated_string[2])
+    self.assertEqual(SLASH + SLASH + 'xf' + SLASH + SLASH + 'x62',
+                     message.repeated_string[3])
+    self.assertEqual(SLASH + SLASH + '\x0f' + SLASH + SLASH + 'b',
+                     message.repeated_string[4])
+    self.assertEqual(SLASH + 'x20', message.repeated_string[5])
+
+  def testParseOneof(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    m.oneof_uint32 = 11
+    m2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Parse(text_format.MessageToString(m), m2)
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_uint32', m2.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+
+  def testParseMultipleOneof(self, message_module):
+    m_string = '\n'.join(['oneof_uint32: 11', 'oneof_string: "foo"'])
+    m2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    with six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError,
+                               ' is specified along with field '):
+      text_format.Parse(m_string, m2)
+
+  # This example contains non-ASCII codepoint unicode data as literals
+  # which should come through as utf-8 for bytes, and as the unicode
+  # itself for string fields.  It also demonstrates escaped binary data.
+  # The ur"" string prefix is unfortunately missing from Python 3
+  # so we resort to double escaping our \s so that they come through.
+  _UNICODE_SAMPLE = u"""
+      optional_bytes: '� short desçription'
+      optional_string: '� short desçription'
+      repeated_bytes: '\\303\\201 short des\\303\\247ription'
+      repeated_bytes: '\\x12\\x34\\x56\\x78\\x90\\xab\\xcd\\xef'
+      repeated_string: '\\xd0\\x9f\\xd1\\x80\\xd0\\xb8\\xd0\\xb2\\xd0\\xb5\\xd1\\x82'
+      """
+  _BYTES_SAMPLE = _UNICODE_SAMPLE.encode('utf-8')
+  _GOLDEN_UNICODE = u'� short desçription'
+  _GOLDEN_BYTES = _GOLDEN_UNICODE.encode('utf-8')
+  _GOLDEN_BYTES_1 = b'\x12\x34\x56\x78\x90\xab\xcd\xef'
+  _GOLDEN_STR_0 = u'Привет'
+
+  def testParseUnicode(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Parse(self._UNICODE_SAMPLE, m)
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_bytes, self._GOLDEN_BYTES)
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_string, self._GOLDEN_UNICODE)
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_bytes[0], self._GOLDEN_BYTES)
+    # repeated_bytes[1] contained simple \ escaped non-UTF-8 raw binary data.
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_bytes[1], self._GOLDEN_BYTES_1)
+    # repeated_string[0] contained \ escaped data representing the UTF-8
+    # representation of _GOLDEN_STR_0 - it needs to decode as such.
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_string[0], self._GOLDEN_STR_0)
+
+  def testParseBytes(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Parse(self._BYTES_SAMPLE, m)
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_bytes, self._GOLDEN_BYTES)
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_string, self._GOLDEN_UNICODE)
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_bytes[0], self._GOLDEN_BYTES)
+    # repeated_bytes[1] contained simple \ escaped non-UTF-8 raw binary data.
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_bytes[1], self._GOLDEN_BYTES_1)
+    # repeated_string[0] contained \ escaped data representing the UTF-8
+    # representation of _GOLDEN_STR_0 - it needs to decode as such.
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_string[0], self._GOLDEN_STR_0)
+
+  def testFromBytesFile(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    f = io.BytesIO(self._BYTES_SAMPLE)
+    text_format.ParseLines(f, m)
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_bytes, self._GOLDEN_BYTES)
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_string, self._GOLDEN_UNICODE)
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_bytes[0], self._GOLDEN_BYTES)
+
+  def testFromUnicodeFile(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    f = io.StringIO(self._UNICODE_SAMPLE)
+    text_format.ParseLines(f, m)
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_bytes, self._GOLDEN_BYTES)
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_string, self._GOLDEN_UNICODE)
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_bytes[0], self._GOLDEN_BYTES)
+
+  def testFromBytesLines(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.ParseLines(self._BYTES_SAMPLE.split(b'\n'), m)
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_bytes, self._GOLDEN_BYTES)
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_string, self._GOLDEN_UNICODE)
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_bytes[0], self._GOLDEN_BYTES)
+
+  def testFromUnicodeLines(self, message_module):
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.ParseLines(self._UNICODE_SAMPLE.split(u'\n'), m)
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_bytes, self._GOLDEN_BYTES)
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_string, self._GOLDEN_UNICODE)
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_bytes[0], self._GOLDEN_BYTES)
+
+  def testParseDuplicateMessages(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ('optional_nested_message { bb: 1 } '
+            'optional_nested_message { bb: 2 }')
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        r'1:59 : Message type "\w+.TestAllTypes" '
+        r'should not have multiple "optional_nested_message" fields.'),
+                          text_format.Parse, text,
+                          message)
+
+  def testParseDuplicateScalars(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ('optional_int32: 42 ' 'optional_int32: 67')
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        r'1:36 : Message type "\w+.TestAllTypes" should not '
+        r'have multiple "optional_int32" fields.'), text_format.Parse, text,
+                          message)
+
+  def testParseExistingScalarInMessage(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes(optional_int32=42)
+    text = 'optional_int32: 67'
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError,
+                          (r'Message type "\w+.TestAllTypes" should not '
+                           r'have multiple "optional_int32" fields.'),
+                          text_format.Parse, text, message)
+
+
+@_parameterized.parameters(unittest_pb2, unittest_proto3_arena_pb2)
+class TextFormatMergeTests(TextFormatBase):
+
+  def testMergeDuplicateScalarsInText(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ('optional_int32: 42 ' 'optional_int32: 67')
+    r = text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    self.assertIs(r, message)
+    self.assertEqual(67, message.optional_int32)
+
+  def testMergeDuplicateNestedMessageScalars(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ('optional_nested_message { bb: 1 } '
+            'optional_nested_message { bb: 2 }')
+    r = text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    self.assertTrue(r is message)
+    self.assertEqual(2, message.optional_nested_message.bb)
+
+  def testReplaceScalarInMessage(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes(optional_int32=42)
+    text = 'optional_int32: 67'
+    r = text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    self.assertIs(r, message)
+    self.assertEqual(67, message.optional_int32)
+
+  def testReplaceMessageInMessage(self, message_module):
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes(
+        optional_int32=42, optional_nested_message=dict())
+    self.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
+    text = 'optional_nested_message{ bb: 3 }'
+    r = text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    self.assertIs(r, message)
+    self.assertEqual(3, message.optional_nested_message.bb)
+
+  def testMergeMultipleOneof(self, message_module):
+    m_string = '\n'.join(['oneof_uint32: 11', 'oneof_string: "foo"'])
+    m2 = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    text_format.Merge(m_string, m2)
+    self.assertEqual('oneof_string', m2.WhichOneof('oneof_field'))
+
+
+# These are tests that aren't fundamentally specific to proto2, but are at
+# the moment because of differences between the proto2 and proto3 test schemas.
+# Ideally the schemas would be made more similar so these tests could pass.
+class OnlyWorksWithProto2RightNowTests(TextFormatBase):
+
+  def testPrintAllFieldsPointy(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(message)
+    self.CompareToGoldenFile(
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(
+            message, pointy_brackets=True)),
+        'text_format_unittest_data_pointy_oneof.txt')
+
+  def testParseGolden(self):
+    golden_text = '\n'.join(self.ReadGolden(
+        'text_format_unittest_data_oneof_implemented.txt'))
+    parsed_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    r = text_format.Parse(golden_text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertIs(r, parsed_message)
+
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testPrintAllFields(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(message)
+    self.CompareToGoldenFile(
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(message)),
+        'text_format_unittest_data_oneof_implemented.txt')
+
+  def testPrintUnknownFields(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    message.optional_int32 = 101
+    message.optional_double = 102.0
+    message.optional_string = u'hello'
+    message.optional_bytes = b'103'
+    message.optionalgroup.a = 104
+    message.optional_nested_message.bb = 105
+    all_data = message.SerializeToString()
+    empty_message = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage()
+    empty_message.ParseFromString(all_data)
+    self.assertEqual('  1: 101\n'
+                     '  12: 4636878028842991616\n'
+                     '  14: "hello"\n'
+                     '  15: "103"\n'
+                     '  16 {\n'
+                     '    17: 104\n'
+                     '  }\n'
+                     '  18 {\n'
+                     '    1: 105\n'
+                     '  }\n',
+                     text_format.MessageToString(empty_message,
+                                                 indent=2,
+                                                 print_unknown_fields=True))
+    self.assertEqual('1: 101 '
+                     '12: 4636878028842991616 '
+                     '14: "hello" '
+                     '15: "103" '
+                     '16 { 17: 104 } '
+                     '18 { 1: 105 }',
+                     text_format.MessageToString(empty_message,
+                                                 print_unknown_fields=True,
+                                                 as_one_line=True))
+
+  def testPrintInIndexOrder(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestFieldOrderings()
+    # Fields are listed in index order instead of field number.
+    message.my_string = 'str'
+    message.my_int = 101
+    message.my_float = 111
+    message.optional_nested_message.oo = 0
+    message.optional_nested_message.bb = 1
+    message.Extensions[unittest_pb2.my_extension_string] = 'ext_str0'
+    # Extensions are listed based on the order of extension number.
+    # Extension number 12.
+    message.Extensions[unittest_pb2.TestExtensionOrderings2.
+                       test_ext_orderings2].my_string = 'ext_str2'
+    # Extension number 13.
+    message.Extensions[unittest_pb2.TestExtensionOrderings1.
+                       test_ext_orderings1].my_string = 'ext_str1'
+    # Extension number 14.
+    message.Extensions[
+        unittest_pb2.TestExtensionOrderings2.TestExtensionOrderings3.
+        test_ext_orderings3].my_string = 'ext_str3'
+
+    # Print in index order.
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(
+            text_format.MessageToString(message, use_index_order=True)),
+        'my_string: "str"\n'
+        'my_int: 101\n'
+        'my_float: 111\n'
+        'optional_nested_message {\n'
+        '  oo: 0\n'
+        '  bb: 1\n'
+        '}\n'
+        '[protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings2.test_ext_orderings2] {\n'
+        '  my_string: "ext_str2"\n'
+        '}\n'
+        '[protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings1.test_ext_orderings1] {\n'
+        '  my_string: "ext_str1"\n'
+        '}\n'
+        '[protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings2.TestExtensionOrderings3'
+        '.test_ext_orderings3] {\n'
+        '  my_string: "ext_str3"\n'
+        '}\n'
+        '[protobuf_unittest.my_extension_string]: "ext_str0"\n')
+    # By default, print in field number order.
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(message)),
+        'my_int: 101\n'
+        'my_string: "str"\n'
+        '[protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings2.test_ext_orderings2] {\n'
+        '  my_string: "ext_str2"\n'
+        '}\n'
+        '[protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings1.test_ext_orderings1] {\n'
+        '  my_string: "ext_str1"\n'
+        '}\n'
+        '[protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings2.TestExtensionOrderings3'
+        '.test_ext_orderings3] {\n'
+        '  my_string: "ext_str3"\n'
+        '}\n'
+        '[protobuf_unittest.my_extension_string]: "ext_str0"\n'
+        'my_float: 111\n'
+        'optional_nested_message {\n'
+        '  bb: 1\n'
+        '  oo: 0\n'
+        '}\n')
+
+  def testMergeLinesGolden(self):
+    opened = self.ReadGolden('text_format_unittest_data_oneof_implemented.txt')
+    parsed_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    r = text_format.MergeLines(opened, parsed_message)
+    self.assertIs(r, parsed_message)
+
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testParseLinesGolden(self):
+    opened = self.ReadGolden('text_format_unittest_data_oneof_implemented.txt')
+    parsed_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    r = text_format.ParseLines(opened, parsed_message)
+    self.assertIs(r, parsed_message)
+
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testPrintMap(self):
+    message = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+
+    message.map_int32_int32[-123] = -456
+    message.map_int64_int64[-2**33] = -2**34
+    message.map_uint32_uint32[123] = 456
+    message.map_uint64_uint64[2**33] = 2**34
+    message.map_string_string['abc'] = '123'
+    message.map_int32_foreign_message[111].c = 5
+
+    # Maps are serialized to text format using their underlying repeated
+    # representation.
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message), 'map_int32_int32 {\n'
+        '  key: -123\n'
+        '  value: -456\n'
+        '}\n'
+        'map_int64_int64 {\n'
+        '  key: -8589934592\n'
+        '  value: -17179869184\n'
+        '}\n'
+        'map_uint32_uint32 {\n'
+        '  key: 123\n'
+        '  value: 456\n'
+        '}\n'
+        'map_uint64_uint64 {\n'
+        '  key: 8589934592\n'
+        '  value: 17179869184\n'
+        '}\n'
+        'map_string_string {\n'
+        '  key: "abc"\n'
+        '  value: "123"\n'
+        '}\n'
+        'map_int32_foreign_message {\n'
+        '  key: 111\n'
+        '  value {\n'
+        '    c: 5\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '}\n')
+
+  # In cpp implementation, __str__ calls the cpp implementation of text format.
+  def testPrintMapUsingCppImplementation(self):
+    message = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    inner_msg = message.map_int32_foreign_message[111]
+    inner_msg.c = 1
+    self.assertEqual(
+        str(message),
+        'map_int32_foreign_message {\n'
+        '  key: 111\n'
+        '  value {\n'
+        '    c: 1\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '}\n')
+    inner_msg.c = 2
+    self.assertEqual(
+        str(message),
+        'map_int32_foreign_message {\n'
+        '  key: 111\n'
+        '  value {\n'
+        '    c: 2\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '}\n')
+
+  def testMapOrderEnforcement(self):
+    message = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    for letter in string.ascii_uppercase[13:26]:
+      message.map_string_string[letter] = 'dummy'
+    for letter in reversed(string.ascii_uppercase[0:13]):
+      message.map_string_string[letter] = 'dummy'
+    golden = ''.join(('map_string_string {\n  key: "%c"\n  value: "dummy"\n}\n'
+                      % (letter,) for letter in string.ascii_uppercase))
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(text_format.MessageToString(message), golden)
+
+  # TODO(teboring): In c/137553523, not serializing default value for map entry
+  # message has been fixed. This test needs to be disabled in order to submit
+  # that cl. Add this back when c/137553523 has been submitted.
+  # def testMapOrderSemantics(self):
+  #   golden_lines = self.ReadGolden('map_test_data.txt')
+
+  #   message = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+  #   text_format.ParseLines(golden_lines, message)
+  #   candidate = text_format.MessageToString(message)
+  #   # The Python implementation emits "1.0" for the double value that the C++
+  #   # implementation emits as "1".
+  #   candidate = candidate.replace('1.0', '1', 2)
+  #   candidate = candidate.replace('0.0', '0', 2)
+  #   self.assertMultiLineEqual(candidate, ''.join(golden_lines))
+
+
+# Tests of proto2-only features (MessageSet, extensions, etc.).
+class Proto2Tests(TextFormatBase):
+
+  def testPrintMessageSet(self):
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    ext1 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1.message_set_extension
+    ext2 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2.message_set_extension
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i = 23
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str = 'foo'
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message), 'message_set {\n'
+        '  [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1] {\n'
+        '    i: 23\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '  [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension2] {\n'
+        '    str: \"foo\"\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '}\n')
+
+    message = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSet()
+    ext = message_set_extensions_pb2.message_set_extension3
+    message.Extensions[ext].text = 'bar'
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message),
+        '[google.protobuf.internal.TestMessageSetExtension3] {\n'
+        '  text: \"bar\"\n'
+        '}\n')
+
+  def testPrintMessageSetByFieldNumber(self):
+    out = text_format.TextWriter(False)
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    ext1 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1.message_set_extension
+    ext2 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2.message_set_extension
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i = 23
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str = 'foo'
+    text_format.PrintMessage(message, out, use_field_number=True)
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(out.getvalue(), '1 {\n'
+                             '  1545008 {\n'
+                             '    15: 23\n'
+                             '  }\n'
+                             '  1547769 {\n'
+                             '    25: \"foo\"\n'
+                             '  }\n'
+                             '}\n')
+    out.close()
+
+  def testPrintMessageSetAsOneLine(self):
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    ext1 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1.message_set_extension
+    ext2 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2.message_set_extension
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i = 23
+    message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str = 'foo'
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message, as_one_line=True),
+        'message_set {'
+        ' [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1] {'
+        ' i: 23'
+        ' }'
+        ' [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension2] {'
+        ' str: \"foo\"'
+        ' }'
+        ' }')
+
+  def testParseMessageSet(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ('repeated_uint64: 1\n' 'repeated_uint64: 2\n')
+    text_format.Parse(text, message)
+    self.assertEqual(1, message.repeated_uint64[0])
+    self.assertEqual(2, message.repeated_uint64[1])
+
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    text = ('message_set {\n'
+            '  [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1] {\n'
+            '    i: 23\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '  [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension2] {\n'
+            '    str: \"foo\"\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    text_format.Parse(text, message)
+    ext1 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1.message_set_extension
+    ext2 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2.message_set_extension
+    self.assertEqual(23, message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i)
+    self.assertEqual('foo', message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str)
+
+  def testExtensionInsideAnyMessage(self):
+    message = test_extend_any.TestAny()
+    text = ('value {\n'
+            '  [type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.internal.TestAny] {\n'
+            '    [google.protobuf.internal.TestAnyExtension1.extension1] {\n'
+            '      i: 10\n'
+            '    }\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    text_format.Merge(text, message, descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool.Default())
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(
+            message, descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool.Default()),
+        text)
+
+  def testParseMessageByFieldNumber(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ('34: 1\n' 'repeated_uint64: 2\n')
+    text_format.Parse(text, message, allow_field_number=True)
+    self.assertEqual(1, message.repeated_uint64[0])
+    self.assertEqual(2, message.repeated_uint64[1])
+
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    text = ('1 {\n'
+            '  1545008 {\n'
+            '    15: 23\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '  1547769 {\n'
+            '    25: \"foo\"\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    text_format.Parse(text, message, allow_field_number=True)
+    ext1 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1.message_set_extension
+    ext2 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2.message_set_extension
+    self.assertEqual(23, message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i)
+    self.assertEqual('foo', message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str)
+
+    # Can't parse field number without set allow_field_number=True.
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = '34:1\n'
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        r'1:1 : Message type "\w+.TestAllTypes" has no field named '
+        r'"34".'), text_format.Parse, text, message)
+
+    # Can't parse if field number is not found.
+    text = '1234:1\n'
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(
+        self,
+        text_format.ParseError,
+        (r'1:1 : Message type "\w+.TestAllTypes" has no field named '
+         r'"1234".'),
+        text_format.Parse,
+        text,
+        message,
+        allow_field_number=True)
+
+  def testPrintAllExtensions(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    test_util.SetAllExtensions(message)
+    self.CompareToGoldenFile(
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(message)),
+        'text_format_unittest_extensions_data.txt')
+
+  def testPrintAllExtensionsPointy(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    test_util.SetAllExtensions(message)
+    self.CompareToGoldenFile(
+        self.RemoveRedundantZeros(text_format.MessageToString(
+            message, pointy_brackets=True)),
+        'text_format_unittest_extensions_data_pointy.txt')
+
+  def testParseGoldenExtensions(self):
+    golden_text = '\n'.join(self.ReadGolden(
+        'text_format_unittest_extensions_data.txt'))
+    parsed_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    text_format.Parse(golden_text, parsed_message)
+
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    test_util.SetAllExtensions(message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testParseAllExtensions(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    test_util.SetAllExtensions(message)
+    ascii_text = text_format.MessageToString(message)
+
+    parsed_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    text_format.Parse(ascii_text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testParseAllowedUnknownExtension(self):
+    # Skip over unknown extension correctly.
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    text = ('message_set {\n'
+            '  [unknown_extension] {\n'
+            '    i: 23\n'
+            '    bin: "\xe0"'
+            '    [nested_unknown_ext]: {\n'
+            '      i: 23\n'
+            '      x: x\n'
+            '      test: "test_string"\n'
+            '      floaty_float: -0.315\n'
+            '      num: -inf\n'
+            '      multiline_str: "abc"\n'
+            '          "def"\n'
+            '          "xyz."\n'
+            '      [nested_unknown_ext.ext]: <\n'
+            '        i: 23\n'
+            '        i: 24\n'
+            '        pointfloat: .3\n'
+            '        test: "test_string"\n'
+            '        floaty_float: -0.315\n'
+            '        num: -inf\n'
+            '        long_string: "test" "test2" \n'
+            '      >\n'
+            '    }\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '  [unknown_extension]: 5\n'
+            '  [unknown_extension_with_number_field] {\n'
+            '    1: "some_field"\n'
+            '    2: -0.451\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    text_format.Parse(text, message, allow_unknown_extension=True)
+    golden = 'message_set {\n}\n'
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(text_format.MessageToString(message), golden)
+
+    # Catch parse errors in unknown extension.
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    malformed = ('message_set {\n'
+                 '  [unknown_extension] {\n'
+                 '    i:\n'  # Missing value.
+                 '  }\n'
+                 '}\n')
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
+                          text_format.ParseError,
+                          'Invalid field value: }',
+                          text_format.Parse,
+                          malformed,
+                          message,
+                          allow_unknown_extension=True)
+
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    malformed = ('message_set {\n'
+                 '  [unknown_extension] {\n'
+                 '    str: "malformed string\n'  # Missing closing quote.
+                 '  }\n'
+                 '}\n')
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
+                          text_format.ParseError,
+                          'Invalid field value: "',
+                          text_format.Parse,
+                          malformed,
+                          message,
+                          allow_unknown_extension=True)
+
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    malformed = ('message_set {\n'
+                 '  [unknown_extension] {\n'
+                 '    str: "malformed\n multiline\n string\n'
+                 '  }\n'
+                 '}\n')
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
+                          text_format.ParseError,
+                          'Invalid field value: "',
+                          text_format.Parse,
+                          malformed,
+                          message,
+                          allow_unknown_extension=True)
+
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    malformed = ('message_set {\n'
+                 '  [malformed_extension] <\n'
+                 '    i: -5\n'
+                 '  \n'  # Missing '>' here.
+                 '}\n')
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
+                          text_format.ParseError,
+                          '5:1 : \'}\': Expected ">".',
+                          text_format.Parse,
+                          malformed,
+                          message,
+                          allow_unknown_extension=True)
+
+    # Don't allow unknown fields with allow_unknown_extension=True.
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    malformed = ('message_set {\n'
+                 '  unknown_field: true\n'
+                 '}\n')
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self,
+                          text_format.ParseError,
+                          ('2:3 : Message type '
+                           '"proto2_wireformat_unittest.TestMessageSet" has no'
+                           ' field named "unknown_field".'),
+                          text_format.Parse,
+                          malformed,
+                          message,
+                          allow_unknown_extension=True)
+
+    # Parse known extension correctly.
+    message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetContainer()
+    text = ('message_set {\n'
+            '  [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1] {\n'
+            '    i: 23\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '  [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension2] {\n'
+            '    str: \"foo\"\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    text_format.Parse(text, message, allow_unknown_extension=True)
+    ext1 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1.message_set_extension
+    ext2 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2.message_set_extension
+    self.assertEqual(23, message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i)
+    self.assertEqual('foo', message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str)
+
+  def testParseBadIdentifier(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = ('optional_nested_message { "bb": 1 }')
+    with self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError) as e:
+      text_format.Parse(text, message)
+    self.assertEqual(str(e.exception),
+                     '1:27 : \'optional_nested_message { "bb": 1 }\': '
+                     'Expected identifier or number, got "bb".')
+
+  def testParseBadExtension(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    text = '[unknown_extension]: 8\n'
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError,
+                          '1:2 : Extension "unknown_extension" not registered.',
+                          text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        '1:2 : Message type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes" does not have '
+        'extensions.'), text_format.Parse, text, message)
+
+  def testParseNumericUnknownEnum(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'optional_nested_enum: 100'
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError,
+                          (r'1:23 : \'optional_nested_enum: 100\': '
+                           r'Enum type "\w+.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum" '
+                           r'has no value with number 100.'), text_format.Parse,
+                          text, message)
+
+  def testMergeDuplicateExtensionScalars(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    text = ('[protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension]: 42 '
+            '[protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension]: 67')
+    text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    self.assertEqual(67,
+                     message.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension])
+
+  def testParseDuplicateExtensionScalars(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    text = ('[protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension]: 42 '
+            '[protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension]: 67')
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        '1:96 : Message type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllExtensions" '
+        'should not have multiple '
+        '"protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension" extensions.'),
+                          text_format.Parse, text, message)
+
+  def testParseDuplicateExtensionMessages(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    text = ('[protobuf_unittest.optional_nested_message_extension]: {} '
+            '[protobuf_unittest.optional_nested_message_extension]: {}')
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, (
+        '1:114 : Message type "protobuf_unittest.TestAllExtensions" '
+        'should not have multiple '
+        '"protobuf_unittest.optional_nested_message_extension" extensions.'),
+                          text_format.Parse, text, message)
+
+  def testParseGroupNotClosed(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'RepeatedGroup: <'
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, '1:16 : Expected ">".',
+                          text_format.Parse, text, message)
+    text = 'RepeatedGroup: {'
+    six.assertRaisesRegex(self, text_format.ParseError, '1:16 : Expected "}".',
+                          text_format.Parse, text, message)
+
+  def testParseEmptyGroup(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'OptionalGroup: {}'
+    text_format.Parse(text, message)
+    self.assertTrue(message.HasField('optionalgroup'))
+
+    message.Clear()
+
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    text = 'OptionalGroup: <>'
+    text_format.Parse(text, message)
+    self.assertTrue(message.HasField('optionalgroup'))
+
+  # Maps aren't really proto2-only, but our test schema only has maps for
+  # proto2.
+  def testParseMap(self):
+    text = ('map_int32_int32 {\n'
+            '  key: -123\n'
+            '  value: -456\n'
+            '}\n'
+            'map_int64_int64 {\n'
+            '  key: -8589934592\n'
+            '  value: -17179869184\n'
+            '}\n'
+            'map_uint32_uint32 {\n'
+            '  key: 123\n'
+            '  value: 456\n'
+            '}\n'
+            'map_uint64_uint64 {\n'
+            '  key: 8589934592\n'
+            '  value: 17179869184\n'
+            '}\n'
+            'map_string_string {\n'
+            '  key: "abc"\n'
+            '  value: "123"\n'
+            '}\n'
+            'map_int32_foreign_message {\n'
+            '  key: 111\n'
+            '  value {\n'
+            '    c: 5\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    message = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    text_format.Parse(text, message)
+
+    self.assertEqual(-456, message.map_int32_int32[-123])
+    self.assertEqual(-2**34, message.map_int64_int64[-2**33])
+    self.assertEqual(456, message.map_uint32_uint32[123])
+    self.assertEqual(2**34, message.map_uint64_uint64[2**33])
+    self.assertEqual('123', message.map_string_string['abc'])
+    self.assertEqual(5, message.map_int32_foreign_message[111].c)
+
+
+class Proto3Tests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testPrintMessageExpandAny(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    packed_message.data = 'string'
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    message.any_value.Pack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                    descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool.Default()),
+        'any_value {\n'
+        '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+        '    data: "string"\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '}\n')
+
+  def testTopAnyMessage(self):
+    packed_msg = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    msg = any_pb2.Any()
+    msg.Pack(packed_msg)
+    text = text_format.MessageToString(msg)
+    other_msg = text_format.Parse(text, any_pb2.Any())
+    self.assertEqual(msg, other_msg)
+
+  def testPrintMessageExpandAnyRepeated(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    packed_message.data = 'string0'
+    message.repeated_any_value.add().Pack(packed_message)
+    packed_message.data = 'string1'
+    message.repeated_any_value.add().Pack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message),
+        'repeated_any_value {\n'
+        '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+        '    data: "string0"\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '}\n'
+        'repeated_any_value {\n'
+        '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+        '    data: "string1"\n'
+        '  }\n'
+        '}\n')
+
+  def testPrintMessageExpandAnyDescriptorPoolMissingType(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    packed_message.data = 'string'
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    message.any_value.Pack(packed_message)
+    empty_pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message, descriptor_pool=empty_pool),
+        'any_value {\n'
+        '  type_url: "type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString"\n'
+        '  value: "\\n\\006string"\n'
+        '}\n')
+
+  def testPrintMessageExpandAnyPointyBrackets(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    packed_message.data = 'string'
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    message.any_value.Pack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                    pointy_brackets=True),
+        'any_value <\n'
+        '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] <\n'
+        '    data: "string"\n'
+        '  >\n'
+        '>\n')
+
+  def testPrintMessageExpandAnyAsOneLine(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    packed_message.data = 'string'
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    message.any_value.Pack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                    as_one_line=True),
+        'any_value {'
+        ' [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString]'
+        ' { data: "string" } '
+        '}')
+
+  def testPrintMessageExpandAnyAsOneLinePointyBrackets(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    packed_message.data = 'string'
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    message.any_value.Pack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        text_format.MessageToString(message,
+                                    as_one_line=True,
+                                    pointy_brackets=True,
+                                    descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool.Default()),
+        'any_value <'
+        ' [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString]'
+        ' < data: "string" > '
+        '>')
+
+  def testPrintAndParseMessageInvalidAny(self):
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    packed_message.data = 'string'
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    message.any_value.Pack(packed_message)
+    # Only include string after last '/' in type_url.
+    message.any_value.type_url = message.any_value.TypeName()
+    text = text_format.MessageToString(message)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        text, 'any_value {\n'
+        '  type_url: "protobuf_unittest.OneString"\n'
+        '  value: "\\n\\006string"\n'
+        '}\n')
+
+    parsed_message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    text_format.Parse(text, parsed_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def testUnknownEnums(self):
+    message = unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    message2 = unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    message.optional_nested_enum = 999
+    text_string = text_format.MessageToString(message)
+    text_format.Parse(text_string, message2)
+    self.assertEqual(999, message2.optional_nested_enum)
+
+  def testMergeExpandedAny(self):
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    text = ('any_value {\n'
+            '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+            '    data: "string"\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    message.any_value.Unpack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual('string', packed_message.data)
+    message.Clear()
+    text_format.Parse(text, message)
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    message.any_value.Unpack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual('string', packed_message.data)
+
+  def testMergeExpandedAnyRepeated(self):
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    text = ('repeated_any_value {\n'
+            '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+            '    data: "string0"\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n'
+            'repeated_any_value {\n'
+            '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+            '    data: "string1"\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    message.repeated_any_value[0].Unpack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual('string0', packed_message.data)
+    message.repeated_any_value[1].Unpack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual('string1', packed_message.data)
+
+  def testMergeExpandedAnyPointyBrackets(self):
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    text = ('any_value {\n'
+            '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] <\n'
+            '    data: "string"\n'
+            '  >\n'
+            '}\n')
+    text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    message.any_value.Unpack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual('string', packed_message.data)
+
+  def testMergeAlternativeUrl(self):
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    text = ('any_value {\n'
+            '  [type.otherapi.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+            '    data: "string"\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    self.assertEqual('type.otherapi.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString',
+                     message.any_value.type_url)
+
+  def testMergeExpandedAnyDescriptorPoolMissingType(self):
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    text = ('any_value {\n'
+            '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+            '    data: "string"\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    with self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError) as e:
+      empty_pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+      text_format.Merge(text, message, descriptor_pool=empty_pool)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        str(e.exception),
+        'Type protobuf_unittest.OneString not found in descriptor pool')
+
+  def testMergeUnexpandedAny(self):
+    text = ('any_value {\n'
+            '  type_url: "type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString"\n'
+            '  value: "\\n\\006string"\n'
+            '}\n')
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    packed_message = unittest_pb2.OneString()
+    message.any_value.Unpack(packed_message)
+    self.assertEqual('string', packed_message.data)
+
+  def testMergeMissingAnyEndToken(self):
+    message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    text = ('any_value {\n'
+            '  [type.googleapis.com/protobuf_unittest.OneString] {\n'
+            '    data: "string"\n')
+    with self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError) as e:
+      text_format.Merge(text, message)
+    self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), '3:11 : Expected "}".')
+
+
+class TokenizerTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testSimpleTokenCases(self):
+    text = ('identifier1:"string1"\n     \n\n'
+            'identifier2 : \n \n123  \n  identifier3 :\'string\'\n'
+            'identifiER_4 : 1.1e+2 ID5:-0.23 ID6:\'aaaa\\\'bbbb\'\n'
+            'ID7 : "aa\\"bb"\n\n\n\n ID8: {A:inf B:-inf C:true D:false}\n'
+            'ID9: 22 ID10: -111111111111111111 ID11: -22\n'
+            'ID12: 2222222222222222222 ID13: 1.23456f ID14: 1.2e+2f '
+            'false_bool:  0 true_BOOL:t \n true_bool1:  1 false_BOOL1:f '
+            'False_bool: False True_bool: True X:iNf Y:-inF Z:nAN')
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    methods = [(tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifier1'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeString, 'string1'),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifier2'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeInteger, 123),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifier3'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeString, 'string'),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifiER_4'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, 1.1e+2),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID5'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, -0.23),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID6'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeString, 'aaaa\'bbbb'),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID7'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeString, 'aa\"bb'),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID8'), ':', '{',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'A'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, float('inf')),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'B'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, -float('inf')),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'C'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, True),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'D'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, False), '}',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID9'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeInteger, 22),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID10'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeInteger, -111111111111111111),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID11'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeInteger, -22),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID12'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeInteger, 2222222222222222222),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID13'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, 1.23456),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'ID14'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, 1.2e+2),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'false_bool'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, False),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'true_BOOL'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, True),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'true_bool1'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, True),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'false_BOOL1'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, False),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'False_bool'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, False),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'True_bool'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, True),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'X'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, float('inf')),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'Y'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, float('-inf')),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'Z'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeFloat, float('nan'))]
+
+    i = 0
+    while not tokenizer.AtEnd():
+      m = methods[i]
+      if isinstance(m, str):
+        token = tokenizer.token
+        self.assertEqual(token, m)
+        tokenizer.NextToken()
+      elif isinstance(m[1], float) and math.isnan(m[1]):
+        self.assertTrue(math.isnan(m[0]()))
+      else:
+        self.assertEqual(m[1], m[0]())
+      i += 1
+
+  def testConsumeAbstractIntegers(self):
+    # This test only tests the failures in the integer parsing methods as well
+    # as the '0' special cases.
+    int64_max = (1 << 63) - 1
+    uint32_max = (1 << 32) - 1
+    text = '-1 %d %d' % (uint32_max + 1, int64_max + 1)
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertEqual(-1, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+
+    self.assertEqual(uint32_max + 1, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+
+    self.assertEqual(int64_max + 1, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+    text = '-0 0 0 1.2'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertEqual(0, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertEqual(0, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertEqual(True, tokenizer.TryConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertEqual(False, tokenizer.TryConsumeInteger())
+    with self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError):
+      tokenizer.ConsumeInteger()
+    self.assertEqual(1.2, tokenizer.ConsumeFloat())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+  def testConsumeIntegers(self):
+    # This test only tests the failures in the integer parsing methods as well
+    # as the '0' special cases.
+    int64_max = (1 << 63) - 1
+    uint32_max = (1 << 32) - 1
+    text = '-1 %d %d' % (uint32_max + 1, int64_max + 1)
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError,
+                      text_format._ConsumeUint32, tokenizer)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError,
+                      text_format._ConsumeUint64, tokenizer)
+    self.assertEqual(-1, text_format._ConsumeInt32(tokenizer))
+
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError,
+                      text_format._ConsumeUint32, tokenizer)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError,
+                      text_format._ConsumeInt32, tokenizer)
+    self.assertEqual(uint32_max + 1, text_format._ConsumeInt64(tokenizer))
+
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError,
+                      text_format._ConsumeInt64, tokenizer)
+    self.assertEqual(int64_max + 1, text_format._ConsumeUint64(tokenizer))
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+    text = '-0 -0 0 0'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertEqual(0, text_format._ConsumeUint32(tokenizer))
+    self.assertEqual(0, text_format._ConsumeUint64(tokenizer))
+    self.assertEqual(0, text_format._ConsumeUint32(tokenizer))
+    self.assertEqual(0, text_format._ConsumeUint64(tokenizer))
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+  def testConsumeOctalIntegers(self):
+    """Test support for C style octal integers."""
+    text = '00 -00 04 0755 -010 007 -0033 08 -09 01'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertEqual(0, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertEqual(0, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertEqual(4, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertEqual(0o755, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertEqual(-0o10, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertEqual(7, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertEqual(-0o033, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    with self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError):
+      tokenizer.ConsumeInteger()  # 08
+    tokenizer.NextToken()
+    with self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError):
+      tokenizer.ConsumeInteger()  # -09
+    tokenizer.NextToken()
+    self.assertEqual(1, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+  def testConsumeByteString(self):
+    text = '"string1\''
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
+
+    text = 'string1"'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
+
+    text = '\n"\\xt"'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
+
+    text = '\n"\\"'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
+
+    text = '\n"\\x"'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeByteString)
+
+  def testConsumeBool(self):
+    text = 'not-a-bool'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeBool)
+
+  def testSkipComment(self):
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer('# some comment'.splitlines())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeComment)
+
+  def testConsumeComment(self):
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer('# some comment'.splitlines(),
+                                      skip_comments=False)
+    self.assertFalse(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+    self.assertEqual('# some comment', tokenizer.ConsumeComment())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+  def testConsumeTwoComments(self):
+    text = '# some comment\n# another comment'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines(), skip_comments=False)
+    self.assertEqual('# some comment', tokenizer.ConsumeComment())
+    self.assertFalse(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+    self.assertEqual('# another comment', tokenizer.ConsumeComment())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+  def testConsumeTrailingComment(self):
+    text = 'some_number: 4\n# some comment'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines(), skip_comments=False)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeComment)
+
+    self.assertEqual('some_number', tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier())
+    self.assertEqual(tokenizer.token, ':')
+    tokenizer.NextToken()
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError, tokenizer.ConsumeComment)
+    self.assertEqual(4, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertFalse(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+    self.assertEqual('# some comment', tokenizer.ConsumeComment())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+  def testConsumeLineComment(self):
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer('# some comment'.splitlines(),
+                                      skip_comments=False)
+    self.assertFalse(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+    self.assertEqual((False, '# some comment'),
+                     tokenizer.ConsumeCommentOrTrailingComment())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+  def testConsumeTwoLineComments(self):
+    text = '# some comment\n# another comment'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines(), skip_comments=False)
+    self.assertEqual((False, '# some comment'),
+                     tokenizer.ConsumeCommentOrTrailingComment())
+    self.assertFalse(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+    self.assertEqual((False, '# another comment'),
+                     tokenizer.ConsumeCommentOrTrailingComment())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+  def testConsumeAndCheckTrailingComment(self):
+    text = 'some_number: 4  # some comment'  # trailing comment on the same line
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines(), skip_comments=False)
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError,
+                      tokenizer.ConsumeCommentOrTrailingComment)
+
+    self.assertEqual('some_number', tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier())
+    self.assertEqual(tokenizer.token, ':')
+    tokenizer.NextToken()
+    self.assertRaises(text_format.ParseError,
+                      tokenizer.ConsumeCommentOrTrailingComment)
+    self.assertEqual(4, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertFalse(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+    self.assertEqual((True, '# some comment'),
+                     tokenizer.ConsumeCommentOrTrailingComment())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+  def testHashinComment(self):
+    text = 'some_number: 4  # some comment # not a new comment'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines(), skip_comments=False)
+    self.assertEqual('some_number', tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier())
+    self.assertEqual(tokenizer.token, ':')
+    tokenizer.NextToken()
+    self.assertEqual(4, tokenizer.ConsumeInteger())
+    self.assertEqual((True, '# some comment # not a new comment'),
+                     tokenizer.ConsumeCommentOrTrailingComment())
+    self.assertTrue(tokenizer.AtEnd())
+
+  def testHugeString(self):
+    # With pathologic backtracking, fails with Forge OOM.
+    text = '"' + 'a' * (10 * 1024 * 1024) + '"'
+    tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines(), skip_comments=False)
+    tokenizer.ConsumeString()
+
+
+# Tests for pretty printer functionality.
+@_parameterized.parameters((unittest_pb2), (unittest_proto3_arena_pb2))
+class PrettyPrinterTest(TextFormatBase):
+
+  def testPrettyPrintNoMatch(self, message_module):
+
+    def printer(message, indent, as_one_line):
+      del message, indent, as_one_line
+      return None
+
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    msg = message.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    msg.bb = 42
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(
+            message, as_one_line=True, message_formatter=printer),
+        'repeated_nested_message { bb: 42 }')
+
+  def testPrettyPrintOneLine(self, message_module):
+
+    def printer(m, indent, as_one_line):
+      del indent, as_one_line
+      if m.DESCRIPTOR == message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR:
+        return 'My lucky number is %s' % m.bb
+
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    msg = message.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    msg.bb = 42
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(
+            message, as_one_line=True, message_formatter=printer),
+        'repeated_nested_message { My lucky number is 42 }')
+
+  def testPrettyPrintMultiLine(self, message_module):
+
+    def printer(m, indent, as_one_line):
+      if m.DESCRIPTOR == message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR:
+        line_deliminator = (' ' if as_one_line else '\n') + ' ' * indent
+        return 'My lucky number is:%s%s' % (line_deliminator, m.bb)
+      return None
+
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    msg = message.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    msg.bb = 42
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(
+            message, as_one_line=True, message_formatter=printer),
+        'repeated_nested_message { My lucky number is: 42 }')
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(
+            message, as_one_line=False, message_formatter=printer),
+        'repeated_nested_message {\n  My lucky number is:\n  42\n}\n')
+
+  def testPrettyPrintEntireMessage(self, message_module):
+
+    def printer(m, indent, as_one_line):
+      del indent, as_one_line
+      if m.DESCRIPTOR == message_module.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR:
+        return 'The is the message!'
+      return None
+
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(
+            message, as_one_line=False, message_formatter=printer),
+        'The is the message!\n')
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(
+            message, as_one_line=True, message_formatter=printer),
+        'The is the message!')
+
+  def testPrettyPrintMultipleParts(self, message_module):
+
+    def printer(m, indent, as_one_line):
+      del indent, as_one_line
+      if m.DESCRIPTOR == message_module.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.DESCRIPTOR:
+        return 'My lucky number is %s' % m.bb
+      return None
+
+    message = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    message.optional_int32 = 61
+    msg = message.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    msg.bb = 42
+    msg = message.repeated_nested_message.add()
+    msg.bb = 99
+    msg = message.optional_nested_message
+    msg.bb = 1
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(
+            message, as_one_line=True, message_formatter=printer),
+        ('optional_int32: 61 '
+         'optional_nested_message { My lucky number is 1 } '
+         'repeated_nested_message { My lucky number is 42 } '
+         'repeated_nested_message { My lucky number is 99 }'))
+
+    out = text_format.TextWriter(False)
+    text_format.PrintField(
+        message_module.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name[
+            'optional_nested_message'],
+        message.optional_nested_message,
+        out,
+        message_formatter=printer)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        'optional_nested_message {\n  My lucky number is 1\n}\n',
+        out.getvalue())
+    out.close()
+
+    out = text_format.TextWriter(False)
+    text_format.PrintFieldValue(
+        message_module.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name[
+            'optional_nested_message'],
+        message.optional_nested_message,
+        out,
+        message_formatter=printer)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        '{\n  My lucky number is 1\n}',
+        out.getvalue())
+    out.close()
+
+
+class WhitespaceTest(TextFormatBase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.out = text_format.TextWriter(False)
+    self.addCleanup(self.out.close)
+    self.message = unittest_pb2.NestedTestAllTypes()
+    self.message.child.payload.optional_string = 'value'
+    self.field = self.message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['child']
+    self.value = self.message.child
+
+  def testMessageToString(self):
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(self.message),
+        textwrap.dedent("""\
+            child {
+              payload {
+                optional_string: "value"
+              }
+            }
+            """))
+
+  def testPrintMessage(self):
+    text_format.PrintMessage(self.message, self.out)
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        self.out.getvalue(),
+        textwrap.dedent("""\
+            child {
+              payload {
+                optional_string: "value"
+              }
+            }
+            """))
+
+  def testPrintField(self):
+    text_format.PrintField(self.field, self.value, self.out)
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        self.out.getvalue(),
+        textwrap.dedent("""\
+            child {
+              payload {
+                optional_string: "value"
+              }
+            }
+            """))
+
+  def testPrintFieldValue(self):
+    text_format.PrintFieldValue(
+        self.field, self.value, self.out)
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        self.out.getvalue(),
+        textwrap.dedent("""\
+            {
+              payload {
+                optional_string: "value"
+              }
+            }"""))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/type_checkers.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/type_checkers.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ac1fbbf8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/type_checkers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Provides type checking routines.
+
+This module defines type checking utilities in the forms of dictionaries:
+
+VALUE_CHECKERS: A dictionary of field types and a value validation object.
+TYPE_TO_BYTE_SIZE_FN: A dictionary with field types and a size computing
+  function.
+TYPE_TO_SERIALIZE_METHOD: A dictionary with field types and serialization
+  function.
+FIELD_TYPE_TO_WIRE_TYPE: A dictionary with field typed and their
+  coresponding wire types.
+TYPE_TO_DESERIALIZE_METHOD: A dictionary with field types and deserialization
+  function.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+import numbers
+import six
+
+if six.PY3:
+  long = int
+
+from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+from google.protobuf.internal import decoder
+from google.protobuf.internal import encoder
+from google.protobuf.internal import wire_format
+from google.protobuf import descriptor
+
+_FieldDescriptor = descriptor.FieldDescriptor
+
+def SupportsOpenEnums(field_descriptor):
+  return field_descriptor.containing_type.syntax == "proto3"
+
+def GetTypeChecker(field):
+  """Returns a type checker for a message field of the specified types.
+
+  Args:
+    field: FieldDescriptor object for this field.
+
+  Returns:
+    An instance of TypeChecker which can be used to verify the types
+    of values assigned to a field of the specified type.
+  """
+  if (field.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_STRING and
+      field.type == _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_STRING):
+    return UnicodeValueChecker()
+  if field.cpp_type == _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+    if SupportsOpenEnums(field):
+      # When open enums are supported, any int32 can be assigned.
+      return _VALUE_CHECKERS[_FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_INT32]
+    else:
+      return EnumValueChecker(field.enum_type)
+  return _VALUE_CHECKERS[field.cpp_type]
+
+
+# None of the typecheckers below make any attempt to guard against people
+# subclassing builtin types and doing weird things.  We're not trying to
+# protect against malicious clients here, just people accidentally shooting
+# themselves in the foot in obvious ways.
+
+class TypeChecker(object):
+
+  """Type checker used to catch type errors as early as possible
+  when the client is setting scalar fields in protocol messages.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, *acceptable_types):
+    self._acceptable_types = acceptable_types
+
+  def CheckValue(self, proposed_value):
+    """Type check the provided value and return it.
+
+    The returned value might have been normalized to another type.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(proposed_value, self._acceptable_types):
+      message = ('%.1024r has type %s, but expected one of: %s' %
+                 (proposed_value, type(proposed_value), self._acceptable_types))
+      raise TypeError(message)
+    # Some field types(float, double and bool) accept other types, must
+    # convert to the correct type in such cases.
+    if self._acceptable_types:
+      if self._acceptable_types[0] in (bool, float):
+        return self._acceptable_types[0](proposed_value)
+    return proposed_value
+
+
+class TypeCheckerWithDefault(TypeChecker):
+
+  def __init__(self, default_value, *acceptable_types):
+    TypeChecker.__init__(self, *acceptable_types)
+    self._default_value = default_value
+
+  def DefaultValue(self):
+    return self._default_value
+
+
+# IntValueChecker and its subclasses perform integer type-checks
+# and bounds-checks.
+class IntValueChecker(object):
+
+  """Checker used for integer fields.  Performs type-check and range check."""
+
+  def CheckValue(self, proposed_value):
+    if not isinstance(proposed_value, numbers.Integral):
+      message = ('%.1024r has type %s, but expected one of: %s' %
+                 (proposed_value, type(proposed_value), six.integer_types))
+      raise TypeError(message)
+    if not self._MIN <= int(proposed_value) <= self._MAX:
+      raise ValueError('Value out of range: %d' % proposed_value)
+    # We force 32-bit values to int and 64-bit values to long to make
+    # alternate implementations where the distinction is more significant
+    # (e.g. the C++ implementation) simpler.
+    proposed_value = self._TYPE(proposed_value)
+    return proposed_value
+
+  def DefaultValue(self):
+    return 0
+
+
+class EnumValueChecker(object):
+
+  """Checker used for enum fields.  Performs type-check and range check."""
+
+  def __init__(self, enum_type):
+    self._enum_type = enum_type
+
+  def CheckValue(self, proposed_value):
+    if not isinstance(proposed_value, numbers.Integral):
+      message = ('%.1024r has type %s, but expected one of: %s' %
+                 (proposed_value, type(proposed_value), six.integer_types))
+      raise TypeError(message)
+    if int(proposed_value) not in self._enum_type.values_by_number:
+      raise ValueError('Unknown enum value: %d' % proposed_value)
+    return proposed_value
+
+  def DefaultValue(self):
+    return self._enum_type.values[0].number
+
+
+class UnicodeValueChecker(object):
+
+  """Checker used for string fields.
+
+  Always returns a unicode value, even if the input is of type str.
+  """
+
+  def CheckValue(self, proposed_value):
+    if not isinstance(proposed_value, (bytes, six.text_type)):
+      message = ('%.1024r has type %s, but expected one of: %s' %
+                 (proposed_value, type(proposed_value), (bytes, six.text_type)))
+      raise TypeError(message)
+
+    # If the value is of type 'bytes' make sure that it is valid UTF-8 data.
+    if isinstance(proposed_value, bytes):
+      try:
+        proposed_value = proposed_value.decode('utf-8')
+      except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        raise ValueError('%.1024r has type bytes, but isn\'t valid UTF-8 '
+                         'encoding. Non-UTF-8 strings must be converted to '
+                         'unicode objects before being added.' %
+                         (proposed_value))
+    else:
+      try:
+        proposed_value.encode('utf8')
+      except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        raise ValueError('%.1024r isn\'t a valid unicode string and '
+                         'can\'t be encoded in UTF-8.'%
+                         (proposed_value))
+
+    return proposed_value
+
+  def DefaultValue(self):
+    return u""
+
+
+class Int32ValueChecker(IntValueChecker):
+  # We're sure to use ints instead of longs here since comparison may be more
+  # efficient.
+  _MIN = -2147483648
+  _MAX = 2147483647
+  _TYPE = int
+
+
+class Uint32ValueChecker(IntValueChecker):
+  _MIN = 0
+  _MAX = (1 << 32) - 1
+  _TYPE = int
+
+
+class Int64ValueChecker(IntValueChecker):
+  _MIN = -(1 << 63)
+  _MAX = (1 << 63) - 1
+  _TYPE = long
+
+
+class Uint64ValueChecker(IntValueChecker):
+  _MIN = 0
+  _MAX = (1 << 64) - 1
+  _TYPE = long
+
+
+# The max 4 bytes float is about 3.4028234663852886e+38
+_FLOAT_MAX = float.fromhex('0x1.fffffep+127')
+_FLOAT_MIN = -_FLOAT_MAX
+_INF = float('inf')
+_NEG_INF = float('-inf')
+
+
+class FloatValueChecker(object):
+
+  """Checker used for float fields.  Performs type-check and range check.
+
+  Values exceeding a 32-bit float will be converted to inf/-inf.
+  """
+
+  def CheckValue(self, proposed_value):
+    """Check and convert proposed_value to float."""
+    if not isinstance(proposed_value, numbers.Real):
+      message = ('%.1024r has type %s, but expected one of: numbers.Real' %
+                 (proposed_value, type(proposed_value)))
+      raise TypeError(message)
+    converted_value = float(proposed_value)
+    # This inf rounding matches the C++ proto SafeDoubleToFloat logic.
+    if converted_value > _FLOAT_MAX:
+      return _INF
+    if converted_value < _FLOAT_MIN:
+      return _NEG_INF
+
+    return converted_value
+    # TODO(jieluo): convert to 4 bytes float (c style float) at setters:
+    # return struct.unpack('f', struct.pack('f', converted_value))
+
+  def DefaultValue(self):
+    return 0.0
+
+
+# Type-checkers for all scalar CPPTYPEs.
+_VALUE_CHECKERS = {
+    _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_INT32: Int32ValueChecker(),
+    _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_INT64: Int64ValueChecker(),
+    _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_UINT32: Uint32ValueChecker(),
+    _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_UINT64: Uint64ValueChecker(),
+    _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: TypeCheckerWithDefault(
+        0.0, float, numbers.Real),
+    _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_FLOAT: FloatValueChecker(),
+    _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_BOOL: TypeCheckerWithDefault(
+        False, bool, numbers.Integral),
+    _FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_STRING: TypeCheckerWithDefault(b'', bytes),
+    }
+
+
+# Map from field type to a function F, such that F(field_num, value)
+# gives the total byte size for a value of the given type.  This
+# byte size includes tag information and any other additional space
+# associated with serializing "value".
+TYPE_TO_BYTE_SIZE_FN = {
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_DOUBLE: wire_format.DoubleByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FLOAT: wire_format.FloatByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT64: wire_format.Int64ByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT64: wire_format.UInt64ByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT32: wire_format.Int32ByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED64: wire_format.Fixed64ByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED32: wire_format.Fixed32ByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BOOL: wire_format.BoolByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_STRING: wire_format.StringByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_GROUP: wire_format.GroupByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE: wire_format.MessageByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES: wire_format.BytesByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT32: wire_format.UInt32ByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM: wire_format.EnumByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED32: wire_format.SFixed32ByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED64: wire_format.SFixed64ByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT32: wire_format.SInt32ByteSize,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT64: wire_format.SInt64ByteSize
+    }
+
+
+# Maps from field types to encoder constructors.
+TYPE_TO_ENCODER = {
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_DOUBLE: encoder.DoubleEncoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FLOAT: encoder.FloatEncoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT64: encoder.Int64Encoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT64: encoder.UInt64Encoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT32: encoder.Int32Encoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED64: encoder.Fixed64Encoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED32: encoder.Fixed32Encoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BOOL: encoder.BoolEncoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_STRING: encoder.StringEncoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_GROUP: encoder.GroupEncoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE: encoder.MessageEncoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES: encoder.BytesEncoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT32: encoder.UInt32Encoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM: encoder.EnumEncoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED32: encoder.SFixed32Encoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED64: encoder.SFixed64Encoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT32: encoder.SInt32Encoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT64: encoder.SInt64Encoder,
+    }
+
+
+# Maps from field types to sizer constructors.
+TYPE_TO_SIZER = {
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_DOUBLE: encoder.DoubleSizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FLOAT: encoder.FloatSizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT64: encoder.Int64Sizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT64: encoder.UInt64Sizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT32: encoder.Int32Sizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED64: encoder.Fixed64Sizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED32: encoder.Fixed32Sizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BOOL: encoder.BoolSizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_STRING: encoder.StringSizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_GROUP: encoder.GroupSizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE: encoder.MessageSizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES: encoder.BytesSizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT32: encoder.UInt32Sizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM: encoder.EnumSizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED32: encoder.SFixed32Sizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED64: encoder.SFixed64Sizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT32: encoder.SInt32Sizer,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT64: encoder.SInt64Sizer,
+    }
+
+
+# Maps from field type to a decoder constructor.
+TYPE_TO_DECODER = {
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_DOUBLE: decoder.DoubleDecoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FLOAT: decoder.FloatDecoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT64: decoder.Int64Decoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT64: decoder.UInt64Decoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT32: decoder.Int32Decoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED64: decoder.Fixed64Decoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED32: decoder.Fixed32Decoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BOOL: decoder.BoolDecoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_STRING: decoder.StringDecoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_GROUP: decoder.GroupDecoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE: decoder.MessageDecoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES: decoder.BytesDecoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT32: decoder.UInt32Decoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM: decoder.EnumDecoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED32: decoder.SFixed32Decoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED64: decoder.SFixed64Decoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT32: decoder.SInt32Decoder,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT64: decoder.SInt64Decoder,
+    }
+
+# Maps from field type to expected wiretype.
+FIELD_TYPE_TO_WIRE_TYPE = {
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_DOUBLE: wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED64,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FLOAT: wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED32,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT64: wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT64: wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT32: wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED64: wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED64,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED32: wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED32,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BOOL: wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_STRING:
+      wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_GROUP: wire_format.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES:
+      wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT32: wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM: wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED32: wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED32,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED64: wire_format.WIRETYPE_FIXED64,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT32: wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT,
+    _FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT64: wire_format.WIRETYPE_VARINT,
+    }
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/unknown_fields_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/unknown_fields_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..277603d95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/unknown_fields_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Test for preservation of unknown fields in the pure Python implementation."""
+
+__author__ = 'bohdank@google.com (Bohdan Koval)'
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+from google.protobuf import map_unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_mset_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_proto3_arena_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+from google.protobuf.internal import encoder
+from google.protobuf.internal import message_set_extensions_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import missing_enum_values_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import test_util
+from google.protobuf.internal import testing_refleaks
+from google.protobuf.internal import type_checkers
+from google.protobuf.internal import wire_format
+from google.protobuf import descriptor
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class UnknownFieldsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
+    self.all_fields = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(self.all_fields)
+    self.all_fields_data = self.all_fields.SerializeToString()
+    self.empty_message = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage()
+    self.empty_message.ParseFromString(self.all_fields_data)
+
+  def testSerialize(self):
+    data = self.empty_message.SerializeToString()
+
+    # Don't use assertEqual because we don't want to dump raw binary data to
+    # stdout.
+    self.assertTrue(data == self.all_fields_data)
+
+  def testSerializeProto3(self):
+    # Verify proto3 unknown fields behavior.
+    message = unittest_proto3_arena_pb2.TestEmptyMessage()
+    message.ParseFromString(self.all_fields_data)
+    self.assertEqual(self.all_fields_data, message.SerializeToString())
+
+  def testByteSize(self):
+    self.assertEqual(self.all_fields.ByteSize(), self.empty_message.ByteSize())
+
+  def testListFields(self):
+    # Make sure ListFields doesn't return unknown fields.
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(self.empty_message.ListFields()))
+
+  def testSerializeMessageSetWireFormatUnknownExtension(self):
+    # Create a message using the message set wire format with an unknown
+    # message.
+    raw = unittest_mset_pb2.RawMessageSet()
+
+    # Add an unknown extension.
+    item = raw.item.add()
+    item.type_id = 98218603
+    message1 = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1()
+    message1.i = 12345
+    item.message = message1.SerializeToString()
+
+    serialized = raw.SerializeToString()
+
+    # Parse message using the message set wire format.
+    proto = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSet()
+    proto.MergeFromString(serialized)
+
+    unknown_fields = proto.UnknownFields()
+    self.assertEqual(len(unknown_fields), 1)
+    # Unknown field should have wire format data which can be parsed back to
+    # original message.
+    self.assertEqual(unknown_fields[0].field_number, item.type_id)
+    self.assertEqual(unknown_fields[0].wire_type,
+                     wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)
+    d = unknown_fields[0].data
+    message_new = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension1()
+    message_new.ParseFromString(d)
+    self.assertEqual(message1, message_new)
+
+    # Verify that the unknown extension is serialized unchanged
+    reserialized = proto.SerializeToString()
+    new_raw = unittest_mset_pb2.RawMessageSet()
+    new_raw.MergeFromString(reserialized)
+    self.assertEqual(raw, new_raw)
+
+  def testEquals(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage()
+    message.ParseFromString(self.all_fields_data)
+    self.assertEqual(self.empty_message, message)
+
+    self.all_fields.ClearField('optional_string')
+    message.ParseFromString(self.all_fields.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertNotEqual(self.empty_message, message)
+
+  def testDiscardUnknownFields(self):
+    self.empty_message.DiscardUnknownFields()
+    self.assertEqual(b'', self.empty_message.SerializeToString())
+    # Test message field and repeated message field.
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    other_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    other_message.optional_string = 'discard'
+    message.optional_nested_message.ParseFromString(
+        other_message.SerializeToString())
+    message.repeated_nested_message.add().ParseFromString(
+        other_message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertNotEqual(
+        b'', message.optional_nested_message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertNotEqual(
+        b'', message.repeated_nested_message[0].SerializeToString())
+    message.DiscardUnknownFields()
+    self.assertEqual(b'', message.optional_nested_message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertEqual(
+        b'', message.repeated_nested_message[0].SerializeToString())
+
+    msg = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    msg.map_int32_all_types[1].optional_nested_message.ParseFromString(
+        other_message.SerializeToString())
+    msg.map_string_string['1'] = 'test'
+    self.assertNotEqual(
+        b'',
+        msg.map_int32_all_types[1].optional_nested_message.SerializeToString())
+    msg.DiscardUnknownFields()
+    self.assertEqual(
+        b'',
+        msg.map_int32_all_types[1].optional_nested_message.SerializeToString())
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class UnknownFieldsAccessorsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
+    self.all_fields = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(self.all_fields)
+    self.all_fields_data = self.all_fields.SerializeToString()
+    self.empty_message = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage()
+    self.empty_message.ParseFromString(self.all_fields_data)
+
+  # InternalCheckUnknownField() is an additional Pure Python check which checks
+  # a detail of unknown fields. It cannot be used by the C++
+  # implementation because some protect members are called.
+  # The test is added for historical reasons. It is not necessary as
+  # serialized string is checked.
+  # TODO(jieluo): Remove message._unknown_fields.
+  def InternalCheckUnknownField(self, name, expected_value):
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+      return
+    field_descriptor = self.descriptor.fields_by_name[name]
+    wire_type = type_checkers.FIELD_TYPE_TO_WIRE_TYPE[field_descriptor.type]
+    field_tag = encoder.TagBytes(field_descriptor.number, wire_type)
+    result_dict = {}
+    for tag_bytes, value in self.empty_message._unknown_fields:
+      if tag_bytes == field_tag:
+        decoder = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes._decoders_by_tag[tag_bytes][0]
+        decoder(memoryview(value), 0, len(value), self.all_fields, result_dict)
+    self.assertEqual(expected_value, result_dict[field_descriptor])
+
+  def CheckUnknownField(self, name, unknown_fields, expected_value):
+    field_descriptor = self.descriptor.fields_by_name[name]
+    expected_type = type_checkers.FIELD_TYPE_TO_WIRE_TYPE[
+        field_descriptor.type]
+    for unknown_field in unknown_fields:
+      if unknown_field.field_number == field_descriptor.number:
+        self.assertEqual(expected_type, unknown_field.wire_type)
+        if expected_type == 3:
+          # Check group
+          self.assertEqual(expected_value[0],
+                           unknown_field.data[0].field_number)
+          self.assertEqual(expected_value[1], unknown_field.data[0].wire_type)
+          self.assertEqual(expected_value[2], unknown_field.data[0].data)
+          continue
+        if expected_type == wire_format.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          self.assertIn(type(unknown_field.data), (str, bytes))
+        if field_descriptor.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+          self.assertIn(unknown_field.data, expected_value)
+        else:
+          self.assertEqual(expected_value, unknown_field.data)
+
+  def testCheckUnknownFieldValue(self):
+    unknown_fields = self.empty_message.UnknownFields()
+    # Test enum.
+    self.CheckUnknownField('optional_nested_enum',
+                           unknown_fields,
+                           self.all_fields.optional_nested_enum)
+    self.InternalCheckUnknownField('optional_nested_enum',
+                                   self.all_fields.optional_nested_enum)
+
+    # Test repeated enum.
+    self.CheckUnknownField('repeated_nested_enum',
+                           unknown_fields,
+                           self.all_fields.repeated_nested_enum)
+    self.InternalCheckUnknownField('repeated_nested_enum',
+                                   self.all_fields.repeated_nested_enum)
+
+    # Test varint.
+    self.CheckUnknownField('optional_int32',
+                           unknown_fields,
+                           self.all_fields.optional_int32)
+    self.InternalCheckUnknownField('optional_int32',
+                                   self.all_fields.optional_int32)
+
+    # Test fixed32.
+    self.CheckUnknownField('optional_fixed32',
+                           unknown_fields,
+                           self.all_fields.optional_fixed32)
+    self.InternalCheckUnknownField('optional_fixed32',
+                                   self.all_fields.optional_fixed32)
+
+    # Test fixed64.
+    self.CheckUnknownField('optional_fixed64',
+                           unknown_fields,
+                           self.all_fields.optional_fixed64)
+    self.InternalCheckUnknownField('optional_fixed64',
+                                   self.all_fields.optional_fixed64)
+
+    # Test length delimited.
+    self.CheckUnknownField('optional_string',
+                           unknown_fields,
+                           self.all_fields.optional_string.encode('utf-8'))
+    self.InternalCheckUnknownField('optional_string',
+                                   self.all_fields.optional_string)
+
+    # Test group.
+    self.CheckUnknownField('optionalgroup',
+                           unknown_fields,
+                           (17, 0, 117))
+    self.InternalCheckUnknownField('optionalgroup',
+                                   self.all_fields.optionalgroup)
+
+    self.assertEqual(97, len(unknown_fields))
+
+  def testCopyFrom(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage()
+    message.CopyFrom(self.empty_message)
+    self.assertEqual(message.SerializeToString(), self.all_fields_data)
+
+  def testMergeFrom(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    message.optional_int32 = 1
+    message.optional_uint32 = 2
+    source = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage()
+    source.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+
+    message.ClearField('optional_int32')
+    message.optional_int64 = 3
+    message.optional_uint32 = 4
+    destination = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage()
+    unknown_fields = destination.UnknownFields()
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(unknown_fields))
+    destination.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    # ParseFromString clears the message thus unknown fields is invalid.
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
+      len(unknown_fields)
+    self.assertIn('UnknownFields does not exist.',
+                  str(context.exception))
+    unknown_fields = destination.UnknownFields()
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(unknown_fields))
+    destination.MergeFrom(source)
+    self.assertEqual(4, len(unknown_fields))
+    # Check that the fields where correctly merged, even stored in the unknown
+    # fields set.
+    message.ParseFromString(destination.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertEqual(message.optional_int32, 1)
+    self.assertEqual(message.optional_uint32, 2)
+    self.assertEqual(message.optional_int64, 3)
+
+  def testClear(self):
+    unknown_fields = self.empty_message.UnknownFields()
+    self.empty_message.Clear()
+    # All cleared, even unknown fields.
+    self.assertEqual(self.empty_message.SerializeToString(), b'')
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
+      len(unknown_fields)
+    self.assertIn('UnknownFields does not exist.',
+                  str(context.exception))
+
+  def testSubUnknownFields(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    message.optionalgroup.a = 123
+    destination = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage()
+    destination.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    sub_unknown_fields = destination.UnknownFields()[0].data
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(sub_unknown_fields))
+    self.assertEqual(sub_unknown_fields[0].data, 123)
+    destination.Clear()
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
+      len(sub_unknown_fields)
+    self.assertIn('UnknownFields does not exist.',
+                  str(context.exception))
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
+      # pylint: disable=pointless-statement
+      sub_unknown_fields[0]
+    self.assertIn('UnknownFields does not exist.',
+                  str(context.exception))
+    message.Clear()
+    message.optional_uint32 = 456
+    nested_message = unittest_pb2.NestedTestAllTypes()
+    nested_message.payload.optional_nested_message.ParseFromString(
+        message.SerializeToString())
+    unknown_fields = (
+        nested_message.payload.optional_nested_message.UnknownFields())
+    self.assertEqual(unknown_fields[0].data, 456)
+    nested_message.ClearField('payload')
+    self.assertEqual(unknown_fields[0].data, 456)
+    unknown_fields = (
+        nested_message.payload.optional_nested_message.UnknownFields())
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(unknown_fields))
+
+  def testUnknownField(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    message.optional_int32 = 123
+    destination = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage()
+    destination.ParseFromString(message.SerializeToString())
+    unknown_field = destination.UnknownFields()[0]
+    destination.Clear()
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
+      unknown_field.data    # pylint: disable=pointless-statement
+    self.assertIn('The parent message might be cleared.',
+                  str(context.exception))
+
+  def testUnknownExtensions(self):
+    message = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions()
+    message.ParseFromString(self.all_fields_data)
+    self.assertEqual(len(message.UnknownFields()), 97)
+    self.assertEqual(message.SerializeToString(), self.all_fields_data)
+
+
+@testing_refleaks.TestCase
+class UnknownEnumValuesTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.descriptor = missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.DESCRIPTOR
+
+    self.message = missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues()
+    # TestEnumValues.ZERO = 0, but does not exist in the other NestedEnum.
+    self.message.optional_nested_enum = (
+        missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ZERO)
+    self.message.repeated_nested_enum.extend([
+        missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ZERO,
+        missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ONE,
+        ])
+    self.message.packed_nested_enum.extend([
+        missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ZERO,
+        missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ONE,
+        ])
+    self.message_data = self.message.SerializeToString()
+    self.missing_message = missing_enum_values_pb2.TestMissingEnumValues()
+    self.missing_message.ParseFromString(self.message_data)
+
+  # CheckUnknownField() is an additional Pure Python check which checks
+  # a detail of unknown fields. It cannot be used by the C++
+  # implementation because some protect members are called.
+  # The test is added for historical reasons. It is not necessary as
+  # serialized string is checked.
+
+  def CheckUnknownField(self, name, expected_value):
+    field_descriptor = self.descriptor.fields_by_name[name]
+    unknown_fields = self.missing_message.UnknownFields()
+    count = 0
+    for field in unknown_fields:
+      if field.field_number == field_descriptor.number:
+        count += 1
+        if field_descriptor.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+          self.assertIn(field.data, expected_value)
+        else:
+          self.assertEqual(expected_value, field.data)
+    if field_descriptor.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+      self.assertEqual(count, len(expected_value))
+    else:
+      self.assertEqual(count, 1)
+
+  def testUnknownParseMismatchEnumValue(self):
+    just_string = missing_enum_values_pb2.JustString()
+    just_string.dummy = 'blah'
+
+    missing = missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues()
+    # The parse is invalid, storing the string proto into the set of
+    # unknown fields.
+    missing.ParseFromString(just_string.SerializeToString())
+
+    # Fetching the enum field shouldn't crash, instead returning the
+    # default value.
+    self.assertEqual(missing.optional_nested_enum, 0)
+
+  def testUnknownEnumValue(self):
+    self.assertFalse(self.missing_message.HasField('optional_nested_enum'))
+    self.assertEqual(self.missing_message.optional_nested_enum, 2)
+    # Clear does not do anything.
+    serialized = self.missing_message.SerializeToString()
+    self.missing_message.ClearField('optional_nested_enum')
+    self.assertEqual(self.missing_message.SerializeToString(), serialized)
+
+  def testUnknownRepeatedEnumValue(self):
+    self.assertEqual([], self.missing_message.repeated_nested_enum)
+
+  def testUnknownPackedEnumValue(self):
+    self.assertEqual([], self.missing_message.packed_nested_enum)
+
+  def testCheckUnknownFieldValueForEnum(self):
+    unknown_fields = self.missing_message.UnknownFields()
+    self.assertEqual(len(unknown_fields), 5)
+    self.CheckUnknownField('optional_nested_enum',
+                           self.message.optional_nested_enum)
+    self.CheckUnknownField('repeated_nested_enum',
+                           self.message.repeated_nested_enum)
+    self.CheckUnknownField('packed_nested_enum',
+                           self.message.packed_nested_enum)
+
+  def testRoundTrip(self):
+    new_message = missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues()
+    new_message.ParseFromString(self.missing_message.SerializeToString())
+    self.assertEqual(self.message, new_message)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/well_known_types.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/well_known_types.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..308fbfef6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/well_known_types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,859 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Contains well known classes.
+
+This files defines well known classes which need extra maintenance including:
+  - Any
+  - Duration
+  - FieldMask
+  - Struct
+  - Timestamp
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'jieluo@google.com (Jie Luo)'
+
+import calendar
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import timedelta
+import six
+
+try:
+  # Since python 3
+  import collections.abc as collections_abc
+except ImportError:
+  # Won't work after python 3.8
+  import collections as collections_abc
+
+from google.protobuf.descriptor import FieldDescriptor
+
+_TIMESTAMPFOMAT = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'
+_NANOS_PER_SECOND = 1000000000
+_NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND = 1000000
+_NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND = 1000
+_MILLIS_PER_SECOND = 1000
+_MICROS_PER_SECOND = 1000000
+_SECONDS_PER_DAY = 24 * 3600
+_DURATION_SECONDS_MAX = 315576000000
+
+
+class Any(object):
+  """Class for Any Message type."""
+
+  __slots__ = ()
+
+  def Pack(self, msg, type_url_prefix='type.googleapis.com/',
+           deterministic=None):
+    """Packs the specified message into current Any message."""
+    if len(type_url_prefix) < 1 or type_url_prefix[-1] != '/':
+      self.type_url = '%s/%s' % (type_url_prefix, msg.DESCRIPTOR.full_name)
+    else:
+      self.type_url = '%s%s' % (type_url_prefix, msg.DESCRIPTOR.full_name)
+    self.value = msg.SerializeToString(deterministic=deterministic)
+
+  def Unpack(self, msg):
+    """Unpacks the current Any message into specified message."""
+    descriptor = msg.DESCRIPTOR
+    if not self.Is(descriptor):
+      return False
+    msg.ParseFromString(self.value)
+    return True
+
+  def TypeName(self):
+    """Returns the protobuf type name of the inner message."""
+    # Only last part is to be used: b/25630112
+    return self.type_url.split('/')[-1]
+
+  def Is(self, descriptor):
+    """Checks if this Any represents the given protobuf type."""
+    return '/' in self.type_url and self.TypeName() == descriptor.full_name
+
+
+_EPOCH_DATETIME = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(0)
+
+
+class Timestamp(object):
+  """Class for Timestamp message type."""
+
+  __slots__ = ()
+
+  def ToJsonString(self):
+    """Converts Timestamp to RFC 3339 date string format.
+
+    Returns:
+      A string converted from timestamp. The string is always Z-normalized
+      and uses 3, 6 or 9 fractional digits as required to represent the
+      exact time. Example of the return format: '1972-01-01T10:00:20.021Z'
+    """
+    nanos = self.nanos % _NANOS_PER_SECOND
+    total_sec = self.seconds + (self.nanos - nanos) // _NANOS_PER_SECOND
+    seconds = total_sec % _SECONDS_PER_DAY
+    days = (total_sec - seconds) // _SECONDS_PER_DAY
+    dt = datetime(1970, 1, 1) + timedelta(days, seconds)
+
+    result = dt.isoformat()
+    if (nanos % 1e9) == 0:
+      # If there are 0 fractional digits, the fractional
+      # point '.' should be omitted when serializing.
+      return result + 'Z'
+    if (nanos % 1e6) == 0:
+      # Serialize 3 fractional digits.
+      return result + '.%03dZ' % (nanos / 1e6)
+    if (nanos % 1e3) == 0:
+      # Serialize 6 fractional digits.
+      return result + '.%06dZ' % (nanos / 1e3)
+    # Serialize 9 fractional digits.
+    return result + '.%09dZ' % nanos
+
+  def FromJsonString(self, value):
+    """Parse a RFC 3339 date string format to Timestamp.
+
+    Args:
+      value: A date string. Any fractional digits (or none) and any offset are
+          accepted as long as they fit into nano-seconds precision.
+          Example of accepted format: '1972-01-01T10:00:20.021-05:00'
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: On parsing problems.
+    """
+    timezone_offset = value.find('Z')
+    if timezone_offset == -1:
+      timezone_offset = value.find('+')
+    if timezone_offset == -1:
+      timezone_offset = value.rfind('-')
+    if timezone_offset == -1:
+      raise ValueError(
+          'Failed to parse timestamp: missing valid timezone offset.')
+    time_value = value[0:timezone_offset]
+    # Parse datetime and nanos.
+    point_position = time_value.find('.')
+    if point_position == -1:
+      second_value = time_value
+      nano_value = ''
+    else:
+      second_value = time_value[:point_position]
+      nano_value = time_value[point_position + 1:]
+    date_object = datetime.strptime(second_value, _TIMESTAMPFOMAT)
+    td = date_object - datetime(1970, 1, 1)
+    seconds = td.seconds + td.days * _SECONDS_PER_DAY
+    if len(nano_value) > 9:
+      raise ValueError(
+          'Failed to parse Timestamp: nanos {0} more than '
+          '9 fractional digits.'.format(nano_value))
+    if nano_value:
+      nanos = round(float('0.' + nano_value) * 1e9)
+    else:
+      nanos = 0
+    # Parse timezone offsets.
+    if value[timezone_offset] == 'Z':
+      if len(value) != timezone_offset + 1:
+        raise ValueError('Failed to parse timestamp: invalid trailing'
+                         ' data {0}.'.format(value))
+    else:
+      timezone = value[timezone_offset:]
+      pos = timezone.find(':')
+      if pos == -1:
+        raise ValueError(
+            'Invalid timezone offset value: {0}.'.format(timezone))
+      if timezone[0] == '+':
+        seconds -= (int(timezone[1:pos])*60+int(timezone[pos+1:]))*60
+      else:
+        seconds += (int(timezone[1:pos])*60+int(timezone[pos+1:]))*60
+    # Set seconds and nanos
+    self.seconds = int(seconds)
+    self.nanos = int(nanos)
+
+  def GetCurrentTime(self):
+    """Get the current UTC into Timestamp."""
+    self.FromDatetime(datetime.utcnow())
+
+  def ToNanoseconds(self):
+    """Converts Timestamp to nanoseconds since epoch."""
+    return self.seconds * _NANOS_PER_SECOND + self.nanos
+
+  def ToMicroseconds(self):
+    """Converts Timestamp to microseconds since epoch."""
+    return (self.seconds * _MICROS_PER_SECOND +
+            self.nanos // _NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND)
+
+  def ToMilliseconds(self):
+    """Converts Timestamp to milliseconds since epoch."""
+    return (self.seconds * _MILLIS_PER_SECOND +
+            self.nanos // _NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND)
+
+  def ToSeconds(self):
+    """Converts Timestamp to seconds since epoch."""
+    return self.seconds
+
+  def FromNanoseconds(self, nanos):
+    """Converts nanoseconds since epoch to Timestamp."""
+    self.seconds = nanos // _NANOS_PER_SECOND
+    self.nanos = nanos % _NANOS_PER_SECOND
+
+  def FromMicroseconds(self, micros):
+    """Converts microseconds since epoch to Timestamp."""
+    self.seconds = micros // _MICROS_PER_SECOND
+    self.nanos = (micros % _MICROS_PER_SECOND) * _NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND
+
+  def FromMilliseconds(self, millis):
+    """Converts milliseconds since epoch to Timestamp."""
+    self.seconds = millis // _MILLIS_PER_SECOND
+    self.nanos = (millis % _MILLIS_PER_SECOND) * _NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND
+
+  def FromSeconds(self, seconds):
+    """Converts seconds since epoch to Timestamp."""
+    self.seconds = seconds
+    self.nanos = 0
+
+  def ToDatetime(self):
+    """Converts Timestamp to datetime."""
+    return _EPOCH_DATETIME + timedelta(
+        seconds=self.seconds, microseconds=_RoundTowardZero(
+            self.nanos, _NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND))
+
+  def FromDatetime(self, dt):
+    """Converts datetime to Timestamp."""
+    # Using this guide: http://wiki.python.org/moin/WorkingWithTime
+    # And this conversion guide: http://docs.python.org/library/time.html
+
+    # Turn the date parameter into a tuple (struct_time) that can then be
+    # manipulated into a long value of seconds.  During the conversion from
+    # struct_time to long, the source date in UTC, and so it follows that the
+    # correct transformation is calendar.timegm()
+    self.seconds = calendar.timegm(dt.utctimetuple())
+    self.nanos = dt.microsecond * _NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND
+
+
+class Duration(object):
+  """Class for Duration message type."""
+
+  __slots__ = ()
+
+  def ToJsonString(self):
+    """Converts Duration to string format.
+
+    Returns:
+      A string converted from self. The string format will contains
+      3, 6, or 9 fractional digits depending on the precision required to
+      represent the exact Duration value. For example: "1s", "1.010s",
+      "1.000000100s", "-3.100s"
+    """
+    _CheckDurationValid(self.seconds, self.nanos)
+    if self.seconds < 0 or self.nanos < 0:
+      result = '-'
+      seconds = - self.seconds + int((0 - self.nanos) // 1e9)
+      nanos = (0 - self.nanos) % 1e9
+    else:
+      result = ''
+      seconds = self.seconds + int(self.nanos // 1e9)
+      nanos = self.nanos % 1e9
+    result += '%d' % seconds
+    if (nanos % 1e9) == 0:
+      # If there are 0 fractional digits, the fractional
+      # point '.' should be omitted when serializing.
+      return result + 's'
+    if (nanos % 1e6) == 0:
+      # Serialize 3 fractional digits.
+      return result + '.%03ds' % (nanos / 1e6)
+    if (nanos % 1e3) == 0:
+      # Serialize 6 fractional digits.
+      return result + '.%06ds' % (nanos / 1e3)
+    # Serialize 9 fractional digits.
+    return result + '.%09ds' % nanos
+
+  def FromJsonString(self, value):
+    """Converts a string to Duration.
+
+    Args:
+      value: A string to be converted. The string must end with 's'. Any
+          fractional digits (or none) are accepted as long as they fit into
+          precision. For example: "1s", "1.01s", "1.0000001s", "-3.100s
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: On parsing problems.
+    """
+    if len(value) < 1 or value[-1] != 's':
+      raise ValueError(
+          'Duration must end with letter "s": {0}.'.format(value))
+    try:
+      pos = value.find('.')
+      if pos == -1:
+        seconds = int(value[:-1])
+        nanos = 0
+      else:
+        seconds = int(value[:pos])
+        if value[0] == '-':
+          nanos = int(round(float('-0{0}'.format(value[pos: -1])) *1e9))
+        else:
+          nanos = int(round(float('0{0}'.format(value[pos: -1])) *1e9))
+      _CheckDurationValid(seconds, nanos)
+      self.seconds = seconds
+      self.nanos = nanos
+    except ValueError as e:
+      raise ValueError(
+          'Couldn\'t parse duration: {0} : {1}.'.format(value, e))
+
+  def ToNanoseconds(self):
+    """Converts a Duration to nanoseconds."""
+    return self.seconds * _NANOS_PER_SECOND + self.nanos
+
+  def ToMicroseconds(self):
+    """Converts a Duration to microseconds."""
+    micros = _RoundTowardZero(self.nanos, _NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND)
+    return self.seconds * _MICROS_PER_SECOND + micros
+
+  def ToMilliseconds(self):
+    """Converts a Duration to milliseconds."""
+    millis = _RoundTowardZero(self.nanos, _NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND)
+    return self.seconds * _MILLIS_PER_SECOND + millis
+
+  def ToSeconds(self):
+    """Converts a Duration to seconds."""
+    return self.seconds
+
+  def FromNanoseconds(self, nanos):
+    """Converts nanoseconds to Duration."""
+    self._NormalizeDuration(nanos // _NANOS_PER_SECOND,
+                            nanos % _NANOS_PER_SECOND)
+
+  def FromMicroseconds(self, micros):
+    """Converts microseconds to Duration."""
+    self._NormalizeDuration(
+        micros // _MICROS_PER_SECOND,
+        (micros % _MICROS_PER_SECOND) * _NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND)
+
+  def FromMilliseconds(self, millis):
+    """Converts milliseconds to Duration."""
+    self._NormalizeDuration(
+        millis // _MILLIS_PER_SECOND,
+        (millis % _MILLIS_PER_SECOND) * _NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND)
+
+  def FromSeconds(self, seconds):
+    """Converts seconds to Duration."""
+    self.seconds = seconds
+    self.nanos = 0
+
+  def ToTimedelta(self):
+    """Converts Duration to timedelta."""
+    return timedelta(
+        seconds=self.seconds, microseconds=_RoundTowardZero(
+            self.nanos, _NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND))
+
+  def FromTimedelta(self, td):
+    """Converts timedelta to Duration."""
+    self._NormalizeDuration(td.seconds + td.days * _SECONDS_PER_DAY,
+                            td.microseconds * _NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND)
+
+  def _NormalizeDuration(self, seconds, nanos):
+    """Set Duration by seconds and nanos."""
+    # Force nanos to be negative if the duration is negative.
+    if seconds < 0 and nanos > 0:
+      seconds += 1
+      nanos -= _NANOS_PER_SECOND
+    self.seconds = seconds
+    self.nanos = nanos
+
+
+def _CheckDurationValid(seconds, nanos):
+  if seconds < -_DURATION_SECONDS_MAX or seconds > _DURATION_SECONDS_MAX:
+    raise ValueError(
+        'Duration is not valid: Seconds {0} must be in range '
+        '[-315576000000, 315576000000].'.format(seconds))
+  if nanos <= -_NANOS_PER_SECOND or nanos >= _NANOS_PER_SECOND:
+    raise ValueError(
+        'Duration is not valid: Nanos {0} must be in range '
+        '[-999999999, 999999999].'.format(nanos))
+  if (nanos < 0 and seconds > 0) or (nanos > 0 and seconds < 0):
+    raise ValueError(
+        'Duration is not valid: Sign mismatch.')
+
+
+def _RoundTowardZero(value, divider):
+  """Truncates the remainder part after division."""
+  # For some languanges, the sign of the remainder is implementation
+  # dependent if any of the operands is negative. Here we enforce
+  # "rounded toward zero" semantics. For example, for (-5) / 2 an
+  # implementation may give -3 as the result with the remainder being
+  # 1. This function ensures we always return -2 (closer to zero).
+  result = value // divider
+  remainder = value % divider
+  if result < 0 and remainder > 0:
+    return result + 1
+  else:
+    return result
+
+
+class FieldMask(object):
+  """Class for FieldMask message type."""
+
+  __slots__ = ()
+
+  def ToJsonString(self):
+    """Converts FieldMask to string according to proto3 JSON spec."""
+    camelcase_paths = []
+    for path in self.paths:
+      camelcase_paths.append(_SnakeCaseToCamelCase(path))
+    return ','.join(camelcase_paths)
+
+  def FromJsonString(self, value):
+    """Converts string to FieldMask according to proto3 JSON spec."""
+    self.Clear()
+    if value:
+      for path in value.split(','):
+        self.paths.append(_CamelCaseToSnakeCase(path))
+
+  def IsValidForDescriptor(self, message_descriptor):
+    """Checks whether the FieldMask is valid for Message Descriptor."""
+    for path in self.paths:
+      if not _IsValidPath(message_descriptor, path):
+        return False
+    return True
+
+  def AllFieldsFromDescriptor(self, message_descriptor):
+    """Gets all direct fields of Message Descriptor to FieldMask."""
+    self.Clear()
+    for field in message_descriptor.fields:
+      self.paths.append(field.name)
+
+  def CanonicalFormFromMask(self, mask):
+    """Converts a FieldMask to the canonical form.
+
+    Removes paths that are covered by another path. For example,
+    "foo.bar" is covered by "foo" and will be removed if "foo"
+    is also in the FieldMask. Then sorts all paths in alphabetical order.
+
+    Args:
+      mask: The original FieldMask to be converted.
+    """
+    tree = _FieldMaskTree(mask)
+    tree.ToFieldMask(self)
+
+  def Union(self, mask1, mask2):
+    """Merges mask1 and mask2 into this FieldMask."""
+    _CheckFieldMaskMessage(mask1)
+    _CheckFieldMaskMessage(mask2)
+    tree = _FieldMaskTree(mask1)
+    tree.MergeFromFieldMask(mask2)
+    tree.ToFieldMask(self)
+
+  def Intersect(self, mask1, mask2):
+    """Intersects mask1 and mask2 into this FieldMask."""
+    _CheckFieldMaskMessage(mask1)
+    _CheckFieldMaskMessage(mask2)
+    tree = _FieldMaskTree(mask1)
+    intersection = _FieldMaskTree()
+    for path in mask2.paths:
+      tree.IntersectPath(path, intersection)
+    intersection.ToFieldMask(self)
+
+  def MergeMessage(
+      self, source, destination,
+      replace_message_field=False, replace_repeated_field=False):
+    """Merges fields specified in FieldMask from source to destination.
+
+    Args:
+      source: Source message.
+      destination: The destination message to be merged into.
+      replace_message_field: Replace message field if True. Merge message
+          field if False.
+      replace_repeated_field: Replace repeated field if True. Append
+          elements of repeated field if False.
+    """
+    tree = _FieldMaskTree(self)
+    tree.MergeMessage(
+        source, destination, replace_message_field, replace_repeated_field)
+
+
+def _IsValidPath(message_descriptor, path):
+  """Checks whether the path is valid for Message Descriptor."""
+  parts = path.split('.')
+  last = parts.pop()
+  for name in parts:
+    field = message_descriptor.fields_by_name.get(name)
+    if (field is None or
+        field.label == FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED or
+        field.type != FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE):
+      return False
+    message_descriptor = field.message_type
+  return last in message_descriptor.fields_by_name
+
+
+def _CheckFieldMaskMessage(message):
+  """Raises ValueError if message is not a FieldMask."""
+  message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
+  if (message_descriptor.name != 'FieldMask' or
+      message_descriptor.file.name != 'google/protobuf/field_mask.proto'):
+    raise ValueError('Message {0} is not a FieldMask.'.format(
+        message_descriptor.full_name))
+
+
+def _SnakeCaseToCamelCase(path_name):
+  """Converts a path name from snake_case to camelCase."""
+  result = []
+  after_underscore = False
+  for c in path_name:
+    if c.isupper():
+      raise ValueError(
+          'Fail to print FieldMask to Json string: Path name '
+          '{0} must not contain uppercase letters.'.format(path_name))
+    if after_underscore:
+      if c.islower():
+        result.append(c.upper())
+        after_underscore = False
+      else:
+        raise ValueError(
+            'Fail to print FieldMask to Json string: The '
+            'character after a "_" must be a lowercase letter '
+            'in path name {0}.'.format(path_name))
+    elif c == '_':
+      after_underscore = True
+    else:
+      result += c
+
+  if after_underscore:
+    raise ValueError('Fail to print FieldMask to Json string: Trailing "_" '
+                     'in path name {0}.'.format(path_name))
+  return ''.join(result)
+
+
+def _CamelCaseToSnakeCase(path_name):
+  """Converts a field name from camelCase to snake_case."""
+  result = []
+  for c in path_name:
+    if c == '_':
+      raise ValueError('Fail to parse FieldMask: Path name '
+                       '{0} must not contain "_"s.'.format(path_name))
+    if c.isupper():
+      result += '_'
+      result += c.lower()
+    else:
+      result += c
+  return ''.join(result)
+
+
+class _FieldMaskTree(object):
+  """Represents a FieldMask in a tree structure.
+
+  For example, given a FieldMask "foo.bar,foo.baz,bar.baz",
+  the FieldMaskTree will be:
+      [_root] -+- foo -+- bar
+            |       |
+            |       +- baz
+            |
+            +- bar --- baz
+  In the tree, each leaf node represents a field path.
+  """
+
+  __slots__ = ('_root',)
+
+  def __init__(self, field_mask=None):
+    """Initializes the tree by FieldMask."""
+    self._root = {}
+    if field_mask:
+      self.MergeFromFieldMask(field_mask)
+
+  def MergeFromFieldMask(self, field_mask):
+    """Merges a FieldMask to the tree."""
+    for path in field_mask.paths:
+      self.AddPath(path)
+
+  def AddPath(self, path):
+    """Adds a field path into the tree.
+
+    If the field path to add is a sub-path of an existing field path
+    in the tree (i.e., a leaf node), it means the tree already matches
+    the given path so nothing will be added to the tree. If the path
+    matches an existing non-leaf node in the tree, that non-leaf node
+    will be turned into a leaf node with all its children removed because
+    the path matches all the node's children. Otherwise, a new path will
+    be added.
+
+    Args:
+      path: The field path to add.
+    """
+    node = self._root
+    for name in path.split('.'):
+      if name not in node:
+        node[name] = {}
+      elif not node[name]:
+        # Pre-existing empty node implies we already have this entire tree.
+        return
+      node = node[name]
+    # Remove any sub-trees we might have had.
+    node.clear()
+
+  def ToFieldMask(self, field_mask):
+    """Converts the tree to a FieldMask."""
+    field_mask.Clear()
+    _AddFieldPaths(self._root, '', field_mask)
+
+  def IntersectPath(self, path, intersection):
+    """Calculates the intersection part of a field path with this tree.
+
+    Args:
+      path: The field path to calculates.
+      intersection: The out tree to record the intersection part.
+    """
+    node = self._root
+    for name in path.split('.'):
+      if name not in node:
+        return
+      elif not node[name]:
+        intersection.AddPath(path)
+        return
+      node = node[name]
+    intersection.AddLeafNodes(path, node)
+
+  def AddLeafNodes(self, prefix, node):
+    """Adds leaf nodes begin with prefix to this tree."""
+    if not node:
+      self.AddPath(prefix)
+    for name in node:
+      child_path = prefix + '.' + name
+      self.AddLeafNodes(child_path, node[name])
+
+  def MergeMessage(
+      self, source, destination,
+      replace_message, replace_repeated):
+    """Merge all fields specified by this tree from source to destination."""
+    _MergeMessage(
+        self._root, source, destination, replace_message, replace_repeated)
+
+
+def _StrConvert(value):
+  """Converts value to str if it is not."""
+  # This file is imported by c extension and some methods like ClearField
+  # requires string for the field name. py2/py3 has different text
+  # type and may use unicode.
+  if not isinstance(value, str):
+    return value.encode('utf-8')
+  return value
+
+
+def _MergeMessage(
+    node, source, destination, replace_message, replace_repeated):
+  """Merge all fields specified by a sub-tree from source to destination."""
+  source_descriptor = source.DESCRIPTOR
+  for name in node:
+    child = node[name]
+    field = source_descriptor.fields_by_name[name]
+    if field is None:
+      raise ValueError('Error: Can\'t find field {0} in message {1}.'.format(
+          name, source_descriptor.full_name))
+    if child:
+      # Sub-paths are only allowed for singular message fields.
+      if (field.label == FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED or
+          field.cpp_type != FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE):
+        raise ValueError('Error: Field {0} in message {1} is not a singular '
+                         'message field and cannot have sub-fields.'.format(
+                             name, source_descriptor.full_name))
+      if source.HasField(name):
+        _MergeMessage(
+            child, getattr(source, name), getattr(destination, name),
+            replace_message, replace_repeated)
+      continue
+    if field.label == FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+      if replace_repeated:
+        destination.ClearField(_StrConvert(name))
+      repeated_source = getattr(source, name)
+      repeated_destination = getattr(destination, name)
+      repeated_destination.MergeFrom(repeated_source)
+    else:
+      if field.cpp_type == FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if replace_message:
+          destination.ClearField(_StrConvert(name))
+        if source.HasField(name):
+          getattr(destination, name).MergeFrom(getattr(source, name))
+      else:
+        setattr(destination, name, getattr(source, name))
+
+
+def _AddFieldPaths(node, prefix, field_mask):
+  """Adds the field paths descended from node to field_mask."""
+  if not node and prefix:
+    field_mask.paths.append(prefix)
+    return
+  for name in sorted(node):
+    if prefix:
+      child_path = prefix + '.' + name
+    else:
+      child_path = name
+    _AddFieldPaths(node[name], child_path, field_mask)
+
+
+_INT_OR_FLOAT = six.integer_types + (float,)
+
+
+def _SetStructValue(struct_value, value):
+  if value is None:
+    struct_value.null_value = 0
+  elif isinstance(value, bool):
+    # Note: this check must come before the number check because in Python
+    # True and False are also considered numbers.
+    struct_value.bool_value = value
+  elif isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+    struct_value.string_value = value
+  elif isinstance(value, _INT_OR_FLOAT):
+    struct_value.number_value = value
+  elif isinstance(value, (dict, Struct)):
+    struct_value.struct_value.Clear()
+    struct_value.struct_value.update(value)
+  elif isinstance(value, (list, ListValue)):
+    struct_value.list_value.Clear()
+    struct_value.list_value.extend(value)
+  else:
+    raise ValueError('Unexpected type')
+
+
+def _GetStructValue(struct_value):
+  which = struct_value.WhichOneof('kind')
+  if which == 'struct_value':
+    return struct_value.struct_value
+  elif which == 'null_value':
+    return None
+  elif which == 'number_value':
+    return struct_value.number_value
+  elif which == 'string_value':
+    return struct_value.string_value
+  elif which == 'bool_value':
+    return struct_value.bool_value
+  elif which == 'list_value':
+    return struct_value.list_value
+  elif which is None:
+    raise ValueError('Value not set')
+
+
+class Struct(object):
+  """Class for Struct message type."""
+
+  __slots__ = ()
+
+  def __getitem__(self, key):
+    return _GetStructValue(self.fields[key])
+
+  def __contains__(self, item):
+    return item in self.fields
+
+  def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+    _SetStructValue(self.fields[key], value)
+
+  def __delitem__(self, key):
+    del self.fields[key]
+
+  def __len__(self):
+    return len(self.fields)
+
+  def __iter__(self):
+    return iter(self.fields)
+
+  def keys(self):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    return self.fields.keys()
+
+  def values(self):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    return [self[key] for key in self]
+
+  def items(self):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    return [(key, self[key]) for key in self]
+
+  def get_or_create_list(self, key):
+    """Returns a list for this key, creating if it didn't exist already."""
+    if not self.fields[key].HasField('list_value'):
+      # Clear will mark list_value modified which will indeed create a list.
+      self.fields[key].list_value.Clear()
+    return self.fields[key].list_value
+
+  def get_or_create_struct(self, key):
+    """Returns a struct for this key, creating if it didn't exist already."""
+    if not self.fields[key].HasField('struct_value'):
+      # Clear will mark struct_value modified which will indeed create a struct.
+      self.fields[key].struct_value.Clear()
+    return self.fields[key].struct_value
+
+  def update(self, dictionary):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    for key, value in dictionary.items():
+      _SetStructValue(self.fields[key], value)
+
+collections_abc.MutableMapping.register(Struct)
+
+
+class ListValue(object):
+  """Class for ListValue message type."""
+
+  __slots__ = ()
+
+  def __len__(self):
+    return len(self.values)
+
+  def append(self, value):
+    _SetStructValue(self.values.add(), value)
+
+  def extend(self, elem_seq):
+    for value in elem_seq:
+      self.append(value)
+
+  def __getitem__(self, index):
+    """Retrieves item by the specified index."""
+    return _GetStructValue(self.values.__getitem__(index))
+
+  def __setitem__(self, index, value):
+    _SetStructValue(self.values.__getitem__(index), value)
+
+  def __delitem__(self, key):
+    del self.values[key]
+
+  def items(self):
+    for i in range(len(self)):
+      yield self[i]
+
+  def add_struct(self):
+    """Appends and returns a struct value as the next value in the list."""
+    struct_value = self.values.add().struct_value
+    # Clear will mark struct_value modified which will indeed create a struct.
+    struct_value.Clear()
+    return struct_value
+
+  def add_list(self):
+    """Appends and returns a list value as the next value in the list."""
+    list_value = self.values.add().list_value
+    # Clear will mark list_value modified which will indeed create a list.
+    list_value.Clear()
+    return list_value
+
+collections_abc.MutableSequence.register(ListValue)
+
+
+WKTBASES = {
+    'google.protobuf.Any': Any,
+    'google.protobuf.Duration': Duration,
+    'google.protobuf.FieldMask': FieldMask,
+    'google.protobuf.ListValue': ListValue,
+    'google.protobuf.Struct': Struct,
+    'google.protobuf.Timestamp': Timestamp,
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/well_known_types_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/well_known_types_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8089f035c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/well_known_types_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1017 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Test for google.protobuf.internal.well_known_types."""
+
+__author__ = 'jieluo@google.com (Jie Luo)'
+
+import datetime
+
+try:
+  # Since python 3
+  import collections.abc as collections_abc
+except ImportError:
+  # Won't work after python 3.8
+  import collections as collections_abc
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+from google.protobuf import any_pb2
+from google.protobuf import duration_pb2
+from google.protobuf import field_mask_pb2
+from google.protobuf import struct_pb2
+from google.protobuf import timestamp_pb2
+from google.protobuf import map_unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import any_test_pb2
+from google.protobuf.internal import test_util
+from google.protobuf.internal import well_known_types
+from google.protobuf import descriptor
+from google.protobuf import text_format
+
+
+class TimeUtilTestBase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def CheckTimestampConversion(self, message, text):
+    self.assertEqual(text, message.ToJsonString())
+    parsed_message = timestamp_pb2.Timestamp()
+    parsed_message.FromJsonString(text)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+  def CheckDurationConversion(self, message, text):
+    self.assertEqual(text, message.ToJsonString())
+    parsed_message = duration_pb2.Duration()
+    parsed_message.FromJsonString(text)
+    self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+
+
+class TimeUtilTest(TimeUtilTestBase):
+
+  def testTimestampSerializeAndParse(self):
+    message = timestamp_pb2.Timestamp()
+    # Generated output should contain 3, 6, or 9 fractional digits.
+    message.seconds = 0
+    message.nanos = 0
+    self.CheckTimestampConversion(message, '1970-01-01T00:00:00Z')
+    message.nanos = 10000000
+    self.CheckTimestampConversion(message, '1970-01-01T00:00:00.010Z')
+    message.nanos = 10000
+    self.CheckTimestampConversion(message, '1970-01-01T00:00:00.000010Z')
+    message.nanos = 10
+    self.CheckTimestampConversion(message, '1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000010Z')
+    # Test min timestamps.
+    message.seconds = -62135596800
+    message.nanos = 0
+    self.CheckTimestampConversion(message, '0001-01-01T00:00:00Z')
+    # Test max timestamps.
+    message.seconds = 253402300799
+    message.nanos = 999999999
+    self.CheckTimestampConversion(message, '9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z')
+    # Test negative timestamps.
+    message.seconds = -1
+    self.CheckTimestampConversion(message, '1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z')
+
+    # Parsing accepts an fractional digits as long as they fit into nano
+    # precision.
+    message.FromJsonString('1970-01-01T00:00:00.1Z')
+    self.assertEqual(0, message.seconds)
+    self.assertEqual(100000000, message.nanos)
+    # Parsing accepts offsets.
+    message.FromJsonString('1970-01-01T00:00:00-08:00')
+    self.assertEqual(8 * 3600, message.seconds)
+    self.assertEqual(0, message.nanos)
+
+    # It is not easy to check with current time. For test coverage only.
+    message.GetCurrentTime()
+    self.assertNotEqual(8 * 3600, message.seconds)
+
+  def testDurationSerializeAndParse(self):
+    message = duration_pb2.Duration()
+    # Generated output should contain 3, 6, or 9 fractional digits.
+    message.seconds = 0
+    message.nanos = 0
+    self.CheckDurationConversion(message, '0s')
+    message.nanos = 10000000
+    self.CheckDurationConversion(message, '0.010s')
+    message.nanos = 10000
+    self.CheckDurationConversion(message, '0.000010s')
+    message.nanos = 10
+    self.CheckDurationConversion(message, '0.000000010s')
+
+    # Test min and max
+    message.seconds = 315576000000
+    message.nanos = 999999999
+    self.CheckDurationConversion(message, '315576000000.999999999s')
+    message.seconds = -315576000000
+    message.nanos = -999999999
+    self.CheckDurationConversion(message, '-315576000000.999999999s')
+
+    # Parsing accepts an fractional digits as long as they fit into nano
+    # precision.
+    message.FromJsonString('0.1s')
+    self.assertEqual(100000000, message.nanos)
+    message.FromJsonString('0.0000001s')
+    self.assertEqual(100, message.nanos)
+
+  def testTimestampIntegerConversion(self):
+    message = timestamp_pb2.Timestamp()
+    message.FromNanoseconds(1)
+    self.assertEqual('1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000001Z',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(1, message.ToNanoseconds())
+
+    message.FromNanoseconds(-1)
+    self.assertEqual('1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(-1, message.ToNanoseconds())
+
+    message.FromMicroseconds(1)
+    self.assertEqual('1970-01-01T00:00:00.000001Z',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(1, message.ToMicroseconds())
+
+    message.FromMicroseconds(-1)
+    self.assertEqual('1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999Z',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(-1, message.ToMicroseconds())
+
+    message.FromMilliseconds(1)
+    self.assertEqual('1970-01-01T00:00:00.001Z',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(1, message.ToMilliseconds())
+
+    message.FromMilliseconds(-1)
+    self.assertEqual('1969-12-31T23:59:59.999Z',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(-1, message.ToMilliseconds())
+
+    message.FromSeconds(1)
+    self.assertEqual('1970-01-01T00:00:01Z',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(1, message.ToSeconds())
+
+    message.FromSeconds(-1)
+    self.assertEqual('1969-12-31T23:59:59Z',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(-1, message.ToSeconds())
+
+    message.FromNanoseconds(1999)
+    self.assertEqual(1, message.ToMicroseconds())
+    # For negative values, Timestamp will be rounded down.
+    # For example, "1969-12-31T23:59:59.5Z" (i.e., -0.5s) rounded to seconds
+    # will be "1969-12-31T23:59:59Z" (i.e., -1s) rather than
+    # "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z" (i.e., 0s).
+    message.FromNanoseconds(-1999)
+    self.assertEqual(-2, message.ToMicroseconds())
+
+  def testDurationIntegerConversion(self):
+    message = duration_pb2.Duration()
+    message.FromNanoseconds(1)
+    self.assertEqual('0.000000001s',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(1, message.ToNanoseconds())
+
+    message.FromNanoseconds(-1)
+    self.assertEqual('-0.000000001s',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(-1, message.ToNanoseconds())
+
+    message.FromMicroseconds(1)
+    self.assertEqual('0.000001s',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(1, message.ToMicroseconds())
+
+    message.FromMicroseconds(-1)
+    self.assertEqual('-0.000001s',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(-1, message.ToMicroseconds())
+
+    message.FromMilliseconds(1)
+    self.assertEqual('0.001s',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(1, message.ToMilliseconds())
+
+    message.FromMilliseconds(-1)
+    self.assertEqual('-0.001s',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(-1, message.ToMilliseconds())
+
+    message.FromSeconds(1)
+    self.assertEqual('1s', message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(1, message.ToSeconds())
+
+    message.FromSeconds(-1)
+    self.assertEqual('-1s',
+                     message.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(-1, message.ToSeconds())
+
+    # Test truncation behavior.
+    message.FromNanoseconds(1999)
+    self.assertEqual(1, message.ToMicroseconds())
+
+    # For negative values, Duration will be rounded towards 0.
+    message.FromNanoseconds(-1999)
+    self.assertEqual(-1, message.ToMicroseconds())
+
+  def testDatetimeConverison(self):
+    message = timestamp_pb2.Timestamp()
+    dt = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1)
+    message.FromDatetime(dt)
+    self.assertEqual(dt, message.ToDatetime())
+
+    message.FromMilliseconds(1999)
+    self.assertEqual(datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 999000),
+                     message.ToDatetime())
+
+    dt = datetime.datetime(2555, 2, 22, 1, 2, 3, 456789)
+    message.FromDatetime(dt)
+    self.assertEqual(dt, message.ToDatetime())
+
+    dt = datetime.datetime.max
+    message.FromDatetime(dt)
+    self.assertEqual(dt, message.ToDatetime())
+
+  def testDatetimeConversionWithTimezone(self):
+    class TZ(datetime.tzinfo):
+
+      def utcoffset(self, _):
+        return datetime.timedelta(hours=1)
+
+      def dst(self, _):
+        return datetime.timedelta(0)
+
+      def tzname(self, _):
+        return 'UTC+1'
+
+    message1 = timestamp_pb2.Timestamp()
+    dt = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 1, tzinfo=TZ())
+    message1.FromDatetime(dt)
+    message2 = timestamp_pb2.Timestamp()
+    dt = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0)
+    message2.FromDatetime(dt)
+    self.assertEqual(message1, message2)
+
+  def testTimedeltaConversion(self):
+    message = duration_pb2.Duration()
+    message.FromNanoseconds(1999999999)
+    td = message.ToTimedelta()
+    self.assertEqual(1, td.seconds)
+    self.assertEqual(999999, td.microseconds)
+
+    message.FromNanoseconds(-1999999999)
+    td = message.ToTimedelta()
+    self.assertEqual(-1, td.days)
+    self.assertEqual(86398, td.seconds)
+    self.assertEqual(1, td.microseconds)
+
+    message.FromMicroseconds(-1)
+    td = message.ToTimedelta()
+    self.assertEqual(-1, td.days)
+    self.assertEqual(86399, td.seconds)
+    self.assertEqual(999999, td.microseconds)
+    converted_message = duration_pb2.Duration()
+    converted_message.FromTimedelta(td)
+    self.assertEqual(message, converted_message)
+
+  def testInvalidTimestamp(self):
+    message = timestamp_pb2.Timestamp()
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        'Failed to parse timestamp: missing valid timezone offset.',
+        message.FromJsonString,
+        '')
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        'Failed to parse timestamp: invalid trailing data '
+        '1970-01-01T00:00:01Ztrail.',
+        message.FromJsonString,
+        '1970-01-01T00:00:01Ztrail')
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        'time data \'10000-01-01T00:00:00\' does not match'
+        ' format \'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S\'',
+        message.FromJsonString, '10000-01-01T00:00:00.00Z')
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        'nanos 0123456789012 more than 9 fractional digits.',
+        message.FromJsonString,
+        '1970-01-01T00:00:00.0123456789012Z')
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        (r'Invalid timezone offset value: \+08.'),
+        message.FromJsonString,
+        '1972-01-01T01:00:00.01+08',)
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        'year (0 )?is out of range',
+        message.FromJsonString,
+        '0000-01-01T00:00:00Z')
+    message.seconds = 253402300800
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        OverflowError,
+        'date value out of range',
+        message.ToJsonString)
+
+  def testInvalidDuration(self):
+    message = duration_pb2.Duration()
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        'Duration must end with letter "s": 1.',
+        message.FromJsonString, '1')
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        'Couldn\'t parse duration: 1...2s.',
+        message.FromJsonString, '1...2s')
+    text = '-315576000001.000000000s'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        r'Duration is not valid\: Seconds -315576000001 must be in range'
+        r' \[-315576000000\, 315576000000\].',
+        message.FromJsonString, text)
+    text = '315576000001.000000000s'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        r'Duration is not valid\: Seconds 315576000001 must be in range'
+        r' \[-315576000000\, 315576000000\].',
+        message.FromJsonString, text)
+    message.seconds = -315576000001
+    message.nanos = 0
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        r'Duration is not valid\: Seconds -315576000001 must be in range'
+        r' \[-315576000000\, 315576000000\].',
+        message.ToJsonString)
+    message.seconds = 0
+    message.nanos = 999999999 + 1
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        r'Duration is not valid\: Nanos 1000000000 must be in range'
+        r' \[-999999999\, 999999999\].',
+        message.ToJsonString)
+    message.seconds = -1
+    message.nanos = 1
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        r'Duration is not valid\: Sign mismatch.',
+        message.ToJsonString)
+
+
+class FieldMaskTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testStringFormat(self):
+    mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    self.assertEqual('', mask.ToJsonString())
+    mask.paths.append('foo')
+    self.assertEqual('foo', mask.ToJsonString())
+    mask.paths.append('bar')
+    self.assertEqual('foo,bar', mask.ToJsonString())
+
+    mask.FromJsonString('')
+    self.assertEqual('', mask.ToJsonString())
+    mask.FromJsonString('foo')
+    self.assertEqual(['foo'], mask.paths)
+    mask.FromJsonString('foo,bar')
+    self.assertEqual(['foo', 'bar'], mask.paths)
+
+    # Test camel case
+    mask.Clear()
+    mask.paths.append('foo_bar')
+    self.assertEqual('fooBar', mask.ToJsonString())
+    mask.paths.append('bar_quz')
+    self.assertEqual('fooBar,barQuz', mask.ToJsonString())
+
+    mask.FromJsonString('')
+    self.assertEqual('', mask.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual([], mask.paths)
+    mask.FromJsonString('fooBar')
+    self.assertEqual(['foo_bar'], mask.paths)
+    mask.FromJsonString('fooBar,barQuz')
+    self.assertEqual(['foo_bar', 'bar_quz'], mask.paths)
+
+  def testDescriptorToFieldMask(self):
+    mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    msg_descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
+    mask.AllFieldsFromDescriptor(msg_descriptor)
+    self.assertEqual(75, len(mask.paths))
+    self.assertTrue(mask.IsValidForDescriptor(msg_descriptor))
+    for field in msg_descriptor.fields:
+      self.assertTrue(field.name in mask.paths)
+
+  def testIsValidForDescriptor(self):
+    msg_descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
+    # Empty mask
+    mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    self.assertTrue(mask.IsValidForDescriptor(msg_descriptor))
+    # All fields from descriptor
+    mask.AllFieldsFromDescriptor(msg_descriptor)
+    self.assertTrue(mask.IsValidForDescriptor(msg_descriptor))
+    # Child under optional message
+    mask.paths.append('optional_nested_message.bb')
+    self.assertTrue(mask.IsValidForDescriptor(msg_descriptor))
+    # Repeated field is only allowed in the last position of path
+    mask.paths.append('repeated_nested_message.bb')
+    self.assertFalse(mask.IsValidForDescriptor(msg_descriptor))
+    # Invalid top level field
+    mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    mask.paths.append('xxx')
+    self.assertFalse(mask.IsValidForDescriptor(msg_descriptor))
+    # Invalid field in root
+    mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    mask.paths.append('xxx.zzz')
+    self.assertFalse(mask.IsValidForDescriptor(msg_descriptor))
+    # Invalid field in internal node
+    mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    mask.paths.append('optional_nested_message.xxx.zzz')
+    self.assertFalse(mask.IsValidForDescriptor(msg_descriptor))
+    # Invalid field in leaf
+    mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    mask.paths.append('optional_nested_message.xxx')
+    self.assertFalse(mask.IsValidForDescriptor(msg_descriptor))
+
+  def testCanonicalFrom(self):
+    mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    out_mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    # Paths will be sorted.
+    mask.FromJsonString('baz.quz,bar,foo')
+    out_mask.CanonicalFormFromMask(mask)
+    self.assertEqual('bar,baz.quz,foo', out_mask.ToJsonString())
+    # Duplicated paths will be removed.
+    mask.FromJsonString('foo,bar,foo')
+    out_mask.CanonicalFormFromMask(mask)
+    self.assertEqual('bar,foo', out_mask.ToJsonString())
+    # Sub-paths of other paths will be removed.
+    mask.FromJsonString('foo.b1,bar.b1,foo.b2,bar')
+    out_mask.CanonicalFormFromMask(mask)
+    self.assertEqual('bar,foo.b1,foo.b2', out_mask.ToJsonString())
+
+    # Test more deeply nested cases.
+    mask.FromJsonString(
+        'foo.bar.baz1,foo.bar.baz2.quz,foo.bar.baz2')
+    out_mask.CanonicalFormFromMask(mask)
+    self.assertEqual('foo.bar.baz1,foo.bar.baz2',
+                     out_mask.ToJsonString())
+    mask.FromJsonString(
+        'foo.bar.baz1,foo.bar.baz2,foo.bar.baz2.quz')
+    out_mask.CanonicalFormFromMask(mask)
+    self.assertEqual('foo.bar.baz1,foo.bar.baz2',
+                     out_mask.ToJsonString())
+    mask.FromJsonString(
+        'foo.bar.baz1,foo.bar.baz2,foo.bar.baz2.quz,foo.bar')
+    out_mask.CanonicalFormFromMask(mask)
+    self.assertEqual('foo.bar', out_mask.ToJsonString())
+    mask.FromJsonString(
+        'foo.bar.baz1,foo.bar.baz2,foo.bar.baz2.quz,foo')
+    out_mask.CanonicalFormFromMask(mask)
+    self.assertEqual('foo', out_mask.ToJsonString())
+
+  def testUnion(self):
+    mask1 = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    mask2 = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    out_mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    mask1.FromJsonString('foo,baz')
+    mask2.FromJsonString('bar,quz')
+    out_mask.Union(mask1, mask2)
+    self.assertEqual('bar,baz,foo,quz', out_mask.ToJsonString())
+    # Overlap with duplicated paths.
+    mask1.FromJsonString('foo,baz.bb')
+    mask2.FromJsonString('baz.bb,quz')
+    out_mask.Union(mask1, mask2)
+    self.assertEqual('baz.bb,foo,quz', out_mask.ToJsonString())
+    # Overlap with paths covering some other paths.
+    mask1.FromJsonString('foo.bar.baz,quz')
+    mask2.FromJsonString('foo.bar,bar')
+    out_mask.Union(mask1, mask2)
+    self.assertEqual('bar,foo.bar,quz', out_mask.ToJsonString())
+    src = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+      out_mask.Union(src, mask2)
+
+  def testIntersect(self):
+    mask1 = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    mask2 = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    out_mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    # Test cases without overlapping.
+    mask1.FromJsonString('foo,baz')
+    mask2.FromJsonString('bar,quz')
+    out_mask.Intersect(mask1, mask2)
+    self.assertEqual('', out_mask.ToJsonString())
+    self.assertEqual(len(out_mask.paths), 0)
+    self.assertEqual(out_mask.paths, [])
+    # Overlap with duplicated paths.
+    mask1.FromJsonString('foo,baz.bb')
+    mask2.FromJsonString('baz.bb,quz')
+    out_mask.Intersect(mask1, mask2)
+    self.assertEqual('baz.bb', out_mask.ToJsonString())
+    # Overlap with paths covering some other paths.
+    mask1.FromJsonString('foo.bar.baz,quz')
+    mask2.FromJsonString('foo.bar,bar')
+    out_mask.Intersect(mask1, mask2)
+    self.assertEqual('foo.bar.baz', out_mask.ToJsonString())
+    mask1.FromJsonString('foo.bar,bar')
+    mask2.FromJsonString('foo.bar.baz,quz')
+    out_mask.Intersect(mask1, mask2)
+    self.assertEqual('foo.bar.baz', out_mask.ToJsonString())
+    # Intersect '' with ''
+    mask1.Clear()
+    mask2.Clear()
+    mask1.paths.append('')
+    mask2.paths.append('')
+    self.assertEqual(mask1.paths, [''])
+    self.assertEqual('', mask1.ToJsonString())
+    out_mask.Intersect(mask1, mask2)
+    self.assertEqual(out_mask.paths, [])
+
+  def testMergeMessageWithoutMapFields(self):
+    # Test merge one field.
+    src = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(src)
+    for field in src.DESCRIPTOR.fields:
+      if field.containing_oneof:
+        continue
+      field_name = field.name
+      dst = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+      # Only set one path to mask.
+      mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+      mask.paths.append(field_name)
+      mask.MergeMessage(src, dst)
+      # The expected result message.
+      msg = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+      if field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+        repeated_src = getattr(src, field_name)
+        repeated_msg = getattr(msg, field_name)
+        if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+          for item in repeated_src:
+            repeated_msg.add().CopyFrom(item)
+        else:
+          repeated_msg.extend(repeated_src)
+      elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        getattr(msg, field_name).CopyFrom(getattr(src, field_name))
+      else:
+        setattr(msg, field_name, getattr(src, field_name))
+      # Only field specified in mask is merged.
+      self.assertEqual(msg, dst)
+
+    # Test merge nested fields.
+    nested_src = unittest_pb2.NestedTestAllTypes()
+    nested_dst = unittest_pb2.NestedTestAllTypes()
+    nested_src.child.payload.optional_int32 = 1234
+    nested_src.child.child.payload.optional_int32 = 5678
+    mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    mask.FromJsonString('child.payload')
+    mask.MergeMessage(nested_src, nested_dst)
+    self.assertEqual(1234, nested_dst.child.payload.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(0, nested_dst.child.child.payload.optional_int32)
+
+    mask.FromJsonString('child.child.payload')
+    mask.MergeMessage(nested_src, nested_dst)
+    self.assertEqual(1234, nested_dst.child.payload.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(5678, nested_dst.child.child.payload.optional_int32)
+
+    nested_dst.Clear()
+    mask.FromJsonString('child.child.payload')
+    mask.MergeMessage(nested_src, nested_dst)
+    self.assertEqual(0, nested_dst.child.payload.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(5678, nested_dst.child.child.payload.optional_int32)
+
+    nested_dst.Clear()
+    mask.FromJsonString('child')
+    mask.MergeMessage(nested_src, nested_dst)
+    self.assertEqual(1234, nested_dst.child.payload.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(5678, nested_dst.child.child.payload.optional_int32)
+
+    # Test MergeOptions.
+    nested_dst.Clear()
+    nested_dst.child.payload.optional_int64 = 4321
+    # Message fields will be merged by default.
+    mask.FromJsonString('child.payload')
+    mask.MergeMessage(nested_src, nested_dst)
+    self.assertEqual(1234, nested_dst.child.payload.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(4321, nested_dst.child.payload.optional_int64)
+    # Change the behavior to replace message fields.
+    mask.FromJsonString('child.payload')
+    mask.MergeMessage(nested_src, nested_dst, True, False)
+    self.assertEqual(1234, nested_dst.child.payload.optional_int32)
+    self.assertEqual(0, nested_dst.child.payload.optional_int64)
+
+    # By default, fields missing in source are not cleared in destination.
+    nested_dst.payload.optional_int32 = 1234
+    self.assertTrue(nested_dst.HasField('payload'))
+    mask.FromJsonString('payload')
+    mask.MergeMessage(nested_src, nested_dst)
+    self.assertTrue(nested_dst.HasField('payload'))
+    # But they are cleared when replacing message fields.
+    nested_dst.Clear()
+    nested_dst.payload.optional_int32 = 1234
+    mask.FromJsonString('payload')
+    mask.MergeMessage(nested_src, nested_dst, True, False)
+    self.assertFalse(nested_dst.HasField('payload'))
+
+    nested_src.payload.repeated_int32.append(1234)
+    nested_dst.payload.repeated_int32.append(5678)
+    # Repeated fields will be appended by default.
+    mask.FromJsonString('payload.repeatedInt32')
+    mask.MergeMessage(nested_src, nested_dst)
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(nested_dst.payload.repeated_int32))
+    self.assertEqual(5678, nested_dst.payload.repeated_int32[0])
+    self.assertEqual(1234, nested_dst.payload.repeated_int32[1])
+    # Change the behavior to replace repeated fields.
+    mask.FromJsonString('payload.repeatedInt32')
+    mask.MergeMessage(nested_src, nested_dst, False, True)
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(nested_dst.payload.repeated_int32))
+    self.assertEqual(1234, nested_dst.payload.repeated_int32[0])
+
+    # Test Merge oneof field.
+    new_msg = unittest_pb2.TestOneof2()
+    dst = unittest_pb2.TestOneof2()
+    dst.foo_message.qux_int = 1
+    mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    mask.FromJsonString('fooMessage,fooLazyMessage.quxInt')
+    mask.MergeMessage(new_msg, dst)
+    self.assertTrue(dst.HasField('foo_message'))
+    self.assertFalse(dst.HasField('foo_lazy_message'))
+
+  def testMergeMessageWithMapField(self):
+    empty_map = map_unittest_pb2.TestRecursiveMapMessage()
+    src_level_2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestRecursiveMapMessage()
+    src_level_2.a['src level 2'].CopyFrom(empty_map)
+    src = map_unittest_pb2.TestRecursiveMapMessage()
+    src.a['common key'].CopyFrom(src_level_2)
+    src.a['src level 1'].CopyFrom(src_level_2)
+
+    dst_level_2 = map_unittest_pb2.TestRecursiveMapMessage()
+    dst_level_2.a['dst level 2'].CopyFrom(empty_map)
+    dst = map_unittest_pb2.TestRecursiveMapMessage()
+    dst.a['common key'].CopyFrom(dst_level_2)
+    dst.a['dst level 1'].CopyFrom(empty_map)
+
+    mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    mask.FromJsonString('a')
+    mask.MergeMessage(src, dst)
+
+    # map from dst is replaced with map from src.
+    self.assertEqual(dst.a['common key'], src_level_2)
+    self.assertEqual(dst.a['src level 1'], src_level_2)
+    self.assertEqual(dst.a['dst level 1'], empty_map)
+
+  def testMergeErrors(self):
+    src = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    dst = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
+    test_util.SetAllFields(src)
+    mask.FromJsonString('optionalInt32.field')
+    with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as e:
+      mask.MergeMessage(src, dst)
+    self.assertEqual('Error: Field optional_int32 in message '
+                     'protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes is not a singular '
+                     'message field and cannot have sub-fields.',
+                     str(e.exception))
+
+  def testSnakeCaseToCamelCase(self):
+    self.assertEqual('fooBar',
+                     well_known_types._SnakeCaseToCamelCase('foo_bar'))
+    self.assertEqual('FooBar',
+                     well_known_types._SnakeCaseToCamelCase('_foo_bar'))
+    self.assertEqual('foo3Bar',
+                     well_known_types._SnakeCaseToCamelCase('foo3_bar'))
+
+    # No uppercase letter is allowed.
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        'Fail to print FieldMask to Json string: Path name Foo must '
+        'not contain uppercase letters.',
+        well_known_types._SnakeCaseToCamelCase,
+        'Foo')
+    # Any character after a "_" must be a lowercase letter.
+    #   1. "_" cannot be followed by another "_".
+    #   2. "_" cannot be followed by a digit.
+    #   3. "_" cannot appear as the last character.
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        'Fail to print FieldMask to Json string: The character after a '
+        '"_" must be a lowercase letter in path name foo__bar.',
+        well_known_types._SnakeCaseToCamelCase,
+        'foo__bar')
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        'Fail to print FieldMask to Json string: The character after a '
+        '"_" must be a lowercase letter in path name foo_3bar.',
+        well_known_types._SnakeCaseToCamelCase,
+        'foo_3bar')
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        'Fail to print FieldMask to Json string: Trailing "_" in path '
+        'name foo_bar_.',
+        well_known_types._SnakeCaseToCamelCase,
+        'foo_bar_')
+
+  def testCamelCaseToSnakeCase(self):
+    self.assertEqual('foo_bar',
+                     well_known_types._CamelCaseToSnakeCase('fooBar'))
+    self.assertEqual('_foo_bar',
+                     well_known_types._CamelCaseToSnakeCase('FooBar'))
+    self.assertEqual('foo3_bar',
+                     well_known_types._CamelCaseToSnakeCase('foo3Bar'))
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        ValueError,
+        'Fail to parse FieldMask: Path name foo_bar must not contain "_"s.',
+        well_known_types._CamelCaseToSnakeCase,
+        'foo_bar')
+
+
+class StructTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testStruct(self):
+    struct = struct_pb2.Struct()
+    self.assertIsInstance(struct, collections_abc.Mapping)
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(struct))
+    struct_class = struct.__class__
+
+    struct['key1'] = 5
+    struct['key2'] = 'abc'
+    struct['key3'] = True
+    struct.get_or_create_struct('key4')['subkey'] = 11.0
+    struct_list = struct.get_or_create_list('key5')
+    self.assertIsInstance(struct_list, collections_abc.Sequence)
+    struct_list.extend([6, 'seven', True, False, None])
+    struct_list.add_struct()['subkey2'] = 9
+    struct['key6'] = {'subkey': {}}
+    struct['key7'] = [2, False]
+
+    self.assertEqual(7, len(struct))
+    self.assertTrue(isinstance(struct, well_known_types.Struct))
+    self.assertEqual(5, struct['key1'])
+    self.assertEqual('abc', struct['key2'])
+    self.assertIs(True, struct['key3'])
+    self.assertEqual(11, struct['key4']['subkey'])
+    inner_struct = struct_class()
+    inner_struct['subkey2'] = 9
+    self.assertEqual([6, 'seven', True, False, None, inner_struct],
+                     list(struct['key5'].items()))
+    self.assertEqual({}, dict(struct['key6']['subkey'].fields))
+    self.assertEqual([2, False], list(struct['key7'].items()))
+
+    serialized = struct.SerializeToString()
+    struct2 = struct_pb2.Struct()
+    struct2.ParseFromString(serialized)
+
+    self.assertEqual(struct, struct2)
+    for key, value in struct.items():
+      self.assertIn(key, struct)
+      self.assertIn(key, struct2)
+      self.assertEqual(value, struct2[key])
+
+    self.assertEqual(7, len(struct.keys()))
+    self.assertEqual(7, len(struct.values()))
+    for key in struct.keys():
+      self.assertIn(key, struct)
+      self.assertIn(key, struct2)
+      self.assertEqual(struct[key], struct2[key])
+
+    item = (next(iter(struct.keys())), next(iter(struct.values())))
+    self.assertEqual(item, next(iter(struct.items())))
+
+    self.assertTrue(isinstance(struct2, well_known_types.Struct))
+    self.assertEqual(5, struct2['key1'])
+    self.assertEqual('abc', struct2['key2'])
+    self.assertIs(True, struct2['key3'])
+    self.assertEqual(11, struct2['key4']['subkey'])
+    self.assertEqual([6, 'seven', True, False, None, inner_struct],
+                     list(struct2['key5'].items()))
+
+    struct_list = struct2['key5']
+    self.assertEqual(6, struct_list[0])
+    self.assertEqual('seven', struct_list[1])
+    self.assertEqual(True, struct_list[2])
+    self.assertEqual(False, struct_list[3])
+    self.assertEqual(None, struct_list[4])
+    self.assertEqual(inner_struct, struct_list[5])
+
+    struct_list[1] = 7
+    self.assertEqual(7, struct_list[1])
+
+    struct_list.add_list().extend([1, 'two', True, False, None])
+    self.assertEqual([1, 'two', True, False, None],
+                     list(struct_list[6].items()))
+    struct_list.extend([{'nested_struct': 30}, ['nested_list', 99], {}, []])
+    self.assertEqual(11, len(struct_list.values))
+    self.assertEqual(30, struct_list[7]['nested_struct'])
+    self.assertEqual('nested_list', struct_list[8][0])
+    self.assertEqual(99, struct_list[8][1])
+    self.assertEqual({}, dict(struct_list[9].fields))
+    self.assertEqual([], list(struct_list[10].items()))
+    struct_list[0] = {'replace': 'set'}
+    struct_list[1] = ['replace', 'set']
+    self.assertEqual('set', struct_list[0]['replace'])
+    self.assertEqual(['replace', 'set'], list(struct_list[1].items()))
+
+    text_serialized = str(struct)
+    struct3 = struct_pb2.Struct()
+    text_format.Merge(text_serialized, struct3)
+    self.assertEqual(struct, struct3)
+
+    struct.get_or_create_struct('key3')['replace'] = 12
+    self.assertEqual(12, struct['key3']['replace'])
+
+    # Tests empty list.
+    struct.get_or_create_list('empty_list')
+    empty_list = struct['empty_list']
+    self.assertEqual([], list(empty_list.items()))
+    list2 = struct_pb2.ListValue()
+    list2.add_list()
+    empty_list = list2[0]
+    self.assertEqual([], list(empty_list.items()))
+
+    # Tests empty struct.
+    struct.get_or_create_struct('empty_struct')
+    empty_struct = struct['empty_struct']
+    self.assertEqual({}, dict(empty_struct.fields))
+    list2.add_struct()
+    empty_struct = list2[1]
+    self.assertEqual({}, dict(empty_struct.fields))
+
+    self.assertEqual(9, len(struct))
+    del struct['key3']
+    del struct['key4']
+    self.assertEqual(7, len(struct))
+    self.assertEqual(6, len(struct['key5']))
+    del struct['key5'][1]
+    self.assertEqual(5, len(struct['key5']))
+    self.assertEqual([6, True, False, None, inner_struct],
+                     list(struct['key5'].items()))
+
+  def testStructAssignment(self):
+    # Tests struct assignment from another struct
+    s1 = struct_pb2.Struct()
+    s2 = struct_pb2.Struct()
+    for value in [1, 'a', [1], ['a'], {'a': 'b'}]:
+      s1['x'] = value
+      s2['x'] = s1['x']
+      self.assertEqual(s1['x'], s2['x'])
+
+  def testMergeFrom(self):
+    struct = struct_pb2.Struct()
+    struct_class = struct.__class__
+
+    dictionary = {
+        'key1': 5,
+        'key2': 'abc',
+        'key3': True,
+        'key4': {'subkey': 11.0},
+        'key5': [6, 'seven', True, False, None, {'subkey2': 9}],
+        'key6': [['nested_list', True]],
+        'empty_struct': {},
+        'empty_list': []
+    }
+    struct.update(dictionary)
+    self.assertEqual(5, struct['key1'])
+    self.assertEqual('abc', struct['key2'])
+    self.assertIs(True, struct['key3'])
+    self.assertEqual(11, struct['key4']['subkey'])
+    inner_struct = struct_class()
+    inner_struct['subkey2'] = 9
+    self.assertEqual([6, 'seven', True, False, None, inner_struct],
+                     list(struct['key5'].items()))
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(struct['key6'][0].values))
+    self.assertEqual('nested_list', struct['key6'][0][0])
+    self.assertEqual(True, struct['key6'][0][1])
+    empty_list = struct['empty_list']
+    self.assertEqual([], list(empty_list.items()))
+    empty_struct = struct['empty_struct']
+    self.assertEqual({}, dict(empty_struct.fields))
+
+    # According to documentation: "When parsing from the wire or when merging,
+    # if there are duplicate map keys the last key seen is used".
+    duplicate = {
+        'key4': {'replace': 20},
+        'key5': [[False, 5]]
+    }
+    struct.update(duplicate)
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(struct['key4'].fields))
+    self.assertEqual(20, struct['key4']['replace'])
+    self.assertEqual(1, len(struct['key5'].values))
+    self.assertEqual(False, struct['key5'][0][0])
+    self.assertEqual(5, struct['key5'][0][1])
+
+
+class AnyTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testAnyMessage(self):
+    # Creates and sets message.
+    msg = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    msg_descriptor = msg.DESCRIPTOR
+    all_types = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    all_descriptor = all_types.DESCRIPTOR
+    all_types.repeated_string.append(u'\u00fc\ua71f')
+    # Packs to Any.
+    msg.value.Pack(all_types)
+    self.assertEqual(msg.value.type_url,
+                     'type.googleapis.com/%s' % all_descriptor.full_name)
+    self.assertEqual(msg.value.value,
+                     all_types.SerializeToString())
+    # Tests Is() method.
+    self.assertTrue(msg.value.Is(all_descriptor))
+    self.assertFalse(msg.value.Is(msg_descriptor))
+    # Unpacks Any.
+    unpacked_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertTrue(msg.value.Unpack(unpacked_message))
+    self.assertEqual(all_types, unpacked_message)
+    # Unpacks to different type.
+    self.assertFalse(msg.value.Unpack(msg))
+    # Only Any messages have Pack method.
+    try:
+      msg.Pack(all_types)
+    except AttributeError:
+      pass
+    else:
+      raise AttributeError('%s should not have Pack method.' %
+                           msg_descriptor.full_name)
+
+  def testUnpackWithNoSlashInTypeUrl(self):
+    msg = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    all_types = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    all_descriptor = all_types.DESCRIPTOR
+    msg.value.Pack(all_types)
+    # Reset type_url to part of type_url after '/'
+    msg.value.type_url = msg.value.TypeName()
+    self.assertFalse(msg.value.Is(all_descriptor))
+    unpacked_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
+    self.assertFalse(msg.value.Unpack(unpacked_message))
+
+  def testMessageName(self):
+    # Creates and sets message.
+    submessage = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    submessage.int_value = 12345
+    msg = any_pb2.Any()
+    msg.Pack(submessage)
+    self.assertEqual(msg.TypeName(), 'google.protobuf.internal.TestAny')
+
+  def testPackWithCustomTypeUrl(self):
+    submessage = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    submessage.int_value = 12345
+    msg = any_pb2.Any()
+    # Pack with a custom type URL prefix.
+    msg.Pack(submessage, 'type.myservice.com')
+    self.assertEqual(msg.type_url,
+                     'type.myservice.com/%s' % submessage.DESCRIPTOR.full_name)
+    # Pack with a custom type URL prefix ending with '/'.
+    msg.Pack(submessage, 'type.myservice.com/')
+    self.assertEqual(msg.type_url,
+                     'type.myservice.com/%s' % submessage.DESCRIPTOR.full_name)
+    # Pack with an empty type URL prefix.
+    msg.Pack(submessage, '')
+    self.assertEqual(msg.type_url,
+                     '/%s' % submessage.DESCRIPTOR.full_name)
+    # Test unpacking the type.
+    unpacked_message = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    self.assertTrue(msg.Unpack(unpacked_message))
+    self.assertEqual(submessage, unpacked_message)
+
+  def testPackDeterministic(self):
+    submessage = any_test_pb2.TestAny()
+    for i in range(10):
+      submessage.map_value[str(i)] = i * 2
+    msg = any_pb2.Any()
+    msg.Pack(submessage, deterministic=True)
+    serialized = msg.SerializeToString(deterministic=True)
+    golden = (b'\n4type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.internal.TestAny\x12F'
+              b'\x1a\x05\n\x010\x10\x00\x1a\x05\n\x011\x10\x02\x1a\x05\n\x01'
+              b'2\x10\x04\x1a\x05\n\x013\x10\x06\x1a\x05\n\x014\x10\x08\x1a'
+              b'\x05\n\x015\x10\n\x1a\x05\n\x016\x10\x0c\x1a\x05\n\x017\x10'
+              b'\x0e\x1a\x05\n\x018\x10\x10\x1a\x05\n\x019\x10\x12')
+    self.assertEqual(golden, serialized)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/wire_format.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/wire_format.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..883f52558
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/wire_format.py
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Constants and static functions to support protocol buffer wire format."""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+import struct
+from google.protobuf import descriptor
+from google.protobuf import message
+
+
+TAG_TYPE_BITS = 3  # Number of bits used to hold type info in a proto tag.
+TAG_TYPE_MASK = (1 << TAG_TYPE_BITS) - 1  # 0x7
+
+# These numbers identify the wire type of a protocol buffer value.
+# We use the least-significant TAG_TYPE_BITS bits of the varint-encoded
+# tag-and-type to store one of these WIRETYPE_* constants.
+# These values must match WireType enum in google/protobuf/wire_format.h.
+WIRETYPE_VARINT = 0
+WIRETYPE_FIXED64 = 1
+WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED = 2
+WIRETYPE_START_GROUP = 3
+WIRETYPE_END_GROUP = 4
+WIRETYPE_FIXED32 = 5
+_WIRETYPE_MAX = 5
+
+
+# Bounds for various integer types.
+INT32_MAX = int((1 << 31) - 1)
+INT32_MIN = int(-(1 << 31))
+UINT32_MAX = (1 << 32) - 1
+
+INT64_MAX = (1 << 63) - 1
+INT64_MIN = -(1 << 63)
+UINT64_MAX = (1 << 64) - 1
+
+# "struct" format strings that will encode/decode the specified formats.
+FORMAT_UINT32_LITTLE_ENDIAN = '<I'
+FORMAT_UINT64_LITTLE_ENDIAN = '<Q'
+FORMAT_FLOAT_LITTLE_ENDIAN = '<f'
+FORMAT_DOUBLE_LITTLE_ENDIAN = '<d'
+
+
+# We'll have to provide alternate implementations of AppendLittleEndian*() on
+# any architectures where these checks fail.
+if struct.calcsize(FORMAT_UINT32_LITTLE_ENDIAN) != 4:
+  raise AssertionError('Format "I" is not a 32-bit number.')
+if struct.calcsize(FORMAT_UINT64_LITTLE_ENDIAN) != 8:
+  raise AssertionError('Format "Q" is not a 64-bit number.')
+
+
+def PackTag(field_number, wire_type):
+  """Returns an unsigned 32-bit integer that encodes the field number and
+  wire type information in standard protocol message wire format.
+
+  Args:
+    field_number: Expected to be an integer in the range [1, 1 << 29)
+    wire_type: One of the WIRETYPE_* constants.
+  """
+  if not 0 <= wire_type <= _WIRETYPE_MAX:
+    raise message.EncodeError('Unknown wire type: %d' % wire_type)
+  return (field_number << TAG_TYPE_BITS) | wire_type
+
+
+def UnpackTag(tag):
+  """The inverse of PackTag().  Given an unsigned 32-bit number,
+  returns a (field_number, wire_type) tuple.
+  """
+  return (tag >> TAG_TYPE_BITS), (tag & TAG_TYPE_MASK)
+
+
+def ZigZagEncode(value):
+  """ZigZag Transform:  Encodes signed integers so that they can be
+  effectively used with varint encoding.  See wire_format.h for
+  more details.
+  """
+  if value >= 0:
+    return value << 1
+  return (value << 1) ^ (~0)
+
+
+def ZigZagDecode(value):
+  """Inverse of ZigZagEncode()."""
+  if not value & 0x1:
+    return value >> 1
+  return (value >> 1) ^ (~0)
+
+
+
+# The *ByteSize() functions below return the number of bytes required to
+# serialize "field number + type" information and then serialize the value.
+
+
+def Int32ByteSize(field_number, int32):
+  return Int64ByteSize(field_number, int32)
+
+
+def Int32ByteSizeNoTag(int32):
+  return _VarUInt64ByteSizeNoTag(0xffffffffffffffff & int32)
+
+
+def Int64ByteSize(field_number, int64):
+  # Have to convert to uint before calling UInt64ByteSize().
+  return UInt64ByteSize(field_number, 0xffffffffffffffff & int64)
+
+
+def UInt32ByteSize(field_number, uint32):
+  return UInt64ByteSize(field_number, uint32)
+
+
+def UInt64ByteSize(field_number, uint64):
+  return TagByteSize(field_number) + _VarUInt64ByteSizeNoTag(uint64)
+
+
+def SInt32ByteSize(field_number, int32):
+  return UInt32ByteSize(field_number, ZigZagEncode(int32))
+
+
+def SInt64ByteSize(field_number, int64):
+  return UInt64ByteSize(field_number, ZigZagEncode(int64))
+
+
+def Fixed32ByteSize(field_number, fixed32):
+  return TagByteSize(field_number) + 4
+
+
+def Fixed64ByteSize(field_number, fixed64):
+  return TagByteSize(field_number) + 8
+
+
+def SFixed32ByteSize(field_number, sfixed32):
+  return TagByteSize(field_number) + 4
+
+
+def SFixed64ByteSize(field_number, sfixed64):
+  return TagByteSize(field_number) + 8
+
+
+def FloatByteSize(field_number, flt):
+  return TagByteSize(field_number) + 4
+
+
+def DoubleByteSize(field_number, double):
+  return TagByteSize(field_number) + 8
+
+
+def BoolByteSize(field_number, b):
+  return TagByteSize(field_number) + 1
+
+
+def EnumByteSize(field_number, enum):
+  return UInt32ByteSize(field_number, enum)
+
+
+def StringByteSize(field_number, string):
+  return BytesByteSize(field_number, string.encode('utf-8'))
+
+
+def BytesByteSize(field_number, b):
+  return (TagByteSize(field_number)
+          + _VarUInt64ByteSizeNoTag(len(b))
+          + len(b))
+
+
+def GroupByteSize(field_number, message):
+  return (2 * TagByteSize(field_number)  # START and END group.
+          + message.ByteSize())
+
+
+def MessageByteSize(field_number, message):
+  return (TagByteSize(field_number)
+          + _VarUInt64ByteSizeNoTag(message.ByteSize())
+          + message.ByteSize())
+
+
+def MessageSetItemByteSize(field_number, msg):
+  # First compute the sizes of the tags.
+  # There are 2 tags for the beginning and ending of the repeated group, that
+  # is field number 1, one with field number 2 (type_id) and one with field
+  # number 3 (message).
+  total_size = (2 * TagByteSize(1) + TagByteSize(2) + TagByteSize(3))
+
+  # Add the number of bytes for type_id.
+  total_size += _VarUInt64ByteSizeNoTag(field_number)
+
+  message_size = msg.ByteSize()
+
+  # The number of bytes for encoding the length of the message.
+  total_size += _VarUInt64ByteSizeNoTag(message_size)
+
+  # The size of the message.
+  total_size += message_size
+  return total_size
+
+
+def TagByteSize(field_number):
+  """Returns the bytes required to serialize a tag with this field number."""
+  # Just pass in type 0, since the type won't affect the tag+type size.
+  return _VarUInt64ByteSizeNoTag(PackTag(field_number, 0))
+
+
+# Private helper function for the *ByteSize() functions above.
+
+def _VarUInt64ByteSizeNoTag(uint64):
+  """Returns the number of bytes required to serialize a single varint
+  using boundary value comparisons. (unrolled loop optimization -WPierce)
+  uint64 must be unsigned.
+  """
+  if uint64 <= 0x7f: return 1
+  if uint64 <= 0x3fff: return 2
+  if uint64 <= 0x1fffff: return 3
+  if uint64 <= 0xfffffff: return 4
+  if uint64 <= 0x7ffffffff: return 5
+  if uint64 <= 0x3ffffffffff: return 6
+  if uint64 <= 0x1ffffffffffff: return 7
+  if uint64 <= 0xffffffffffffff: return 8
+  if uint64 <= 0x7fffffffffffffff: return 9
+  if uint64 > UINT64_MAX:
+    raise message.EncodeError('Value out of range: %d' % uint64)
+  return 10
+
+
+NON_PACKABLE_TYPES = (
+  descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_STRING,
+  descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_GROUP,
+  descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE,
+  descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES
+)
+
+
+def IsTypePackable(field_type):
+  """Return true iff packable = true is valid for fields of this type.
+
+  Args:
+    field_type: a FieldDescriptor::Type value.
+
+  Returns:
+    True iff fields of this type are packable.
+  """
+  return field_type not in NON_PACKABLE_TYPES
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/wire_format_test.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/wire_format_test.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..da120f336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/internal/wire_format_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Test for google.protobuf.internal.wire_format."""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+from google.protobuf import message
+from google.protobuf.internal import wire_format
+
+
+class WireFormatTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testPackTag(self):
+    field_number = 0xabc
+    tag_type = 2
+    self.assertEqual((field_number << 3) | tag_type,
+                     wire_format.PackTag(field_number, tag_type))
+    PackTag = wire_format.PackTag
+    # Number too high.
+    self.assertRaises(message.EncodeError, PackTag, field_number, 6)
+    # Number too low.
+    self.assertRaises(message.EncodeError, PackTag, field_number, -1)
+
+  def testUnpackTag(self):
+    # Test field numbers that will require various varint sizes.
+    for expected_field_number in (1, 15, 16, 2047, 2048):
+      for expected_wire_type in range(6):  # Highest-numbered wiretype is 5.
+        field_number, wire_type = wire_format.UnpackTag(
+            wire_format.PackTag(expected_field_number, expected_wire_type))
+        self.assertEqual(expected_field_number, field_number)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_wire_type, wire_type)
+
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, wire_format.UnpackTag, None)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, wire_format.UnpackTag, 'abc')
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, wire_format.UnpackTag, 0.0)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, wire_format.UnpackTag, object())
+
+  def testZigZagEncode(self):
+    Z = wire_format.ZigZagEncode
+    self.assertEqual(0, Z(0))
+    self.assertEqual(1, Z(-1))
+    self.assertEqual(2, Z(1))
+    self.assertEqual(3, Z(-2))
+    self.assertEqual(4, Z(2))
+    self.assertEqual(0xfffffffe, Z(0x7fffffff))
+    self.assertEqual(0xffffffff, Z(-0x80000000))
+    self.assertEqual(0xfffffffffffffffe, Z(0x7fffffffffffffff))
+    self.assertEqual(0xffffffffffffffff, Z(-0x8000000000000000))
+
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, None)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, 'abcd')
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, 0.0)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, object())
+
+  def testZigZagDecode(self):
+    Z = wire_format.ZigZagDecode
+    self.assertEqual(0, Z(0))
+    self.assertEqual(-1, Z(1))
+    self.assertEqual(1, Z(2))
+    self.assertEqual(-2, Z(3))
+    self.assertEqual(2, Z(4))
+    self.assertEqual(0x7fffffff, Z(0xfffffffe))
+    self.assertEqual(-0x80000000, Z(0xffffffff))
+    self.assertEqual(0x7fffffffffffffff, Z(0xfffffffffffffffe))
+    self.assertEqual(-0x8000000000000000, Z(0xffffffffffffffff))
+
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, None)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, 'abcd')
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, 0.0)
+    self.assertRaises(TypeError, Z, object())
+
+  def NumericByteSizeTestHelper(self, byte_size_fn, value, expected_value_size):
+    # Use field numbers that cause various byte sizes for the tag information.
+    for field_number, tag_bytes in ((15, 1), (16, 2), (2047, 2), (2048, 3)):
+      expected_size = expected_value_size + tag_bytes
+      actual_size = byte_size_fn(field_number, value)
+      self.assertEqual(expected_size, actual_size,
+                       'byte_size_fn: %s, field_number: %d, value: %r\n'
+                       'Expected: %d, Actual: %d'% (
+          byte_size_fn, field_number, value, expected_size, actual_size))
+
+  def testByteSizeFunctions(self):
+    # Test all numeric *ByteSize() functions.
+    NUMERIC_ARGS = [
+        # Int32ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.Int32ByteSize, 0, 1],
+        [wire_format.Int32ByteSize, 127, 1],
+        [wire_format.Int32ByteSize, 128, 2],
+        [wire_format.Int32ByteSize, -1, 10],
+        # Int64ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.Int64ByteSize, 0, 1],
+        [wire_format.Int64ByteSize, 127, 1],
+        [wire_format.Int64ByteSize, 128, 2],
+        [wire_format.Int64ByteSize, -1, 10],
+        # UInt32ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.UInt32ByteSize, 0, 1],
+        [wire_format.UInt32ByteSize, 127, 1],
+        [wire_format.UInt32ByteSize, 128, 2],
+        [wire_format.UInt32ByteSize, wire_format.UINT32_MAX, 5],
+        # UInt64ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.UInt64ByteSize, 0, 1],
+        [wire_format.UInt64ByteSize, 127, 1],
+        [wire_format.UInt64ByteSize, 128, 2],
+        [wire_format.UInt64ByteSize, wire_format.UINT64_MAX, 10],
+        # SInt32ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.SInt32ByteSize, 0, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt32ByteSize, -1, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt32ByteSize, 1, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt32ByteSize, -63, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt32ByteSize, 63, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt32ByteSize, -64, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt32ByteSize, 64, 2],
+        # SInt64ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.SInt64ByteSize, 0, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt64ByteSize, -1, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt64ByteSize, 1, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt64ByteSize, -63, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt64ByteSize, 63, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt64ByteSize, -64, 1],
+        [wire_format.SInt64ByteSize, 64, 2],
+        # Fixed32ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.Fixed32ByteSize, 0, 4],
+        [wire_format.Fixed32ByteSize, wire_format.UINT32_MAX, 4],
+        # Fixed64ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.Fixed64ByteSize, 0, 8],
+        [wire_format.Fixed64ByteSize, wire_format.UINT64_MAX, 8],
+        # SFixed32ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.SFixed32ByteSize, 0, 4],
+        [wire_format.SFixed32ByteSize, wire_format.INT32_MIN, 4],
+        [wire_format.SFixed32ByteSize, wire_format.INT32_MAX, 4],
+        # SFixed64ByteSize().
+        [wire_format.SFixed64ByteSize, 0, 8],
+        [wire_format.SFixed64ByteSize, wire_format.INT64_MIN, 8],
+        [wire_format.SFixed64ByteSize, wire_format.INT64_MAX, 8],
+        # FloatByteSize().
+        [wire_format.FloatByteSize, 0.0, 4],
+        [wire_format.FloatByteSize, 1000000000.0, 4],
+        [wire_format.FloatByteSize, -1000000000.0, 4],
+        # DoubleByteSize().
+        [wire_format.DoubleByteSize, 0.0, 8],
+        [wire_format.DoubleByteSize, 1000000000.0, 8],
+        [wire_format.DoubleByteSize, -1000000000.0, 8],
+        # BoolByteSize().
+        [wire_format.BoolByteSize, False, 1],
+        [wire_format.BoolByteSize, True, 1],
+        # EnumByteSize().
+        [wire_format.EnumByteSize, 0, 1],
+        [wire_format.EnumByteSize, 127, 1],
+        [wire_format.EnumByteSize, 128, 2],
+        [wire_format.EnumByteSize, wire_format.UINT32_MAX, 5],
+        ]
+    for args in NUMERIC_ARGS:
+      self.NumericByteSizeTestHelper(*args)
+
+    # Test strings and bytes.
+    for byte_size_fn in (wire_format.StringByteSize, wire_format.BytesByteSize):
+      # 1 byte for tag, 1 byte for length, 3 bytes for contents.
+      self.assertEqual(5, byte_size_fn(10, 'abc'))
+      # 2 bytes for tag, 1 byte for length, 3 bytes for contents.
+      self.assertEqual(6, byte_size_fn(16, 'abc'))
+      # 2 bytes for tag, 2 bytes for length, 128 bytes for contents.
+      self.assertEqual(132, byte_size_fn(16, 'a' * 128))
+
+    # Test UTF-8 string byte size calculation.
+    # 1 byte for tag, 1 byte for length, 8 bytes for content.
+    self.assertEqual(10, wire_format.StringByteSize(
+        5, b'\xd0\xa2\xd0\xb5\xd1\x81\xd1\x82'.decode('utf-8')))
+
+    class MockMessage(object):
+      def __init__(self, byte_size):
+        self.byte_size = byte_size
+      def ByteSize(self):
+        return self.byte_size
+
+    message_byte_size = 10
+    mock_message = MockMessage(byte_size=message_byte_size)
+    # Test groups.
+    # (2 * 1) bytes for begin and end tags, plus message_byte_size.
+    self.assertEqual(2 + message_byte_size,
+                     wire_format.GroupByteSize(1, mock_message))
+    # (2 * 2) bytes for begin and end tags, plus message_byte_size.
+    self.assertEqual(4 + message_byte_size,
+                     wire_format.GroupByteSize(16, mock_message))
+
+    # Test messages.
+    # 1 byte for tag, plus 1 byte for length, plus contents.
+    self.assertEqual(2 + mock_message.byte_size,
+                     wire_format.MessageByteSize(1, mock_message))
+    # 2 bytes for tag, plus 1 byte for length, plus contents.
+    self.assertEqual(3 + mock_message.byte_size,
+                     wire_format.MessageByteSize(16, mock_message))
+    # 2 bytes for tag, plus 2 bytes for length, plus contents.
+    mock_message.byte_size = 128
+    self.assertEqual(4 + mock_message.byte_size,
+                     wire_format.MessageByteSize(16, mock_message))
+
+
+    # Test message set item byte size.
+    # 4 bytes for tags, plus 1 byte for length, plus 1 byte for type_id,
+    # plus contents.
+    mock_message.byte_size = 10
+    self.assertEqual(mock_message.byte_size + 6,
+                     wire_format.MessageSetItemByteSize(1, mock_message))
+
+    # 4 bytes for tags, plus 2 bytes for length, plus 1 byte for type_id,
+    # plus contents.
+    mock_message.byte_size = 128
+    self.assertEqual(mock_message.byte_size + 7,
+                     wire_format.MessageSetItemByteSize(1, mock_message))
+
+    # 4 bytes for tags, plus 2 bytes for length, plus 2 byte for type_id,
+    # plus contents.
+    self.assertEqual(mock_message.byte_size + 8,
+                     wire_format.MessageSetItemByteSize(128, mock_message))
+
+    # Too-long varint.
+    self.assertRaises(message.EncodeError,
+                      wire_format.UInt64ByteSize, 1, 1 << 128)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/json_format.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/json_format.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a11874de2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/json_format.py
@@ -0,0 +1,830 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Contains routines for printing protocol messages in JSON format.
+
+Simple usage example:
+
+  # Create a proto object and serialize it to a json format string.
+  message = my_proto_pb2.MyMessage(foo='bar')
+  json_string = json_format.MessageToJson(message)
+
+  # Parse a json format string to proto object.
+  message = json_format.Parse(json_string, my_proto_pb2.MyMessage())
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'jieluo@google.com (Jie Luo)'
+
+# pylint: disable=g-statement-before-imports,g-import-not-at-top
+try:
+  from collections import OrderedDict
+except ImportError:
+  from ordereddict import OrderedDict  # PY26
+# pylint: enable=g-statement-before-imports,g-import-not-at-top
+
+import base64
+import json
+import math
+
+from operator import methodcaller
+
+import re
+import sys
+
+import six
+
+from google.protobuf import descriptor
+from google.protobuf import symbol_database
+
+
+_TIMESTAMPFOMAT = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'
+_INT_TYPES = frozenset([descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_INT32,
+                        descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_UINT32,
+                        descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_INT64,
+                        descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_UINT64])
+_INT64_TYPES = frozenset([descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_INT64,
+                          descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_UINT64])
+_FLOAT_TYPES = frozenset([descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_FLOAT,
+                          descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_DOUBLE])
+_INFINITY = 'Infinity'
+_NEG_INFINITY = '-Infinity'
+_NAN = 'NaN'
+
+_UNPAIRED_SURROGATE_PATTERN = re.compile(six.u(
+    r'[\ud800-\udbff](?![\udc00-\udfff])|(?<![\ud800-\udbff])[\udc00-\udfff]'
+))
+
+_VALID_EXTENSION_NAME = re.compile(r'\[[a-zA-Z0-9\._]*\]$')
+
+
+class Error(Exception):
+  """Top-level module error for json_format."""
+
+
+class SerializeToJsonError(Error):
+  """Thrown if serialization to JSON fails."""
+
+
+class ParseError(Error):
+  """Thrown in case of parsing error."""
+
+
+def MessageToJson(
+    message,
+    including_default_value_fields=False,
+    preserving_proto_field_name=False,
+    indent=2,
+    sort_keys=False,
+    use_integers_for_enums=False,
+    descriptor_pool=None,
+    float_precision=None):
+  """Converts protobuf message to JSON format.
+
+  Args:
+    message: The protocol buffers message instance to serialize.
+    including_default_value_fields: If True, singular primitive fields,
+        repeated fields, and map fields will always be serialized.  If
+        False, only serialize non-empty fields.  Singular message fields
+        and oneof fields are not affected by this option.
+    preserving_proto_field_name: If True, use the original proto field
+        names as defined in the .proto file. If False, convert the field
+        names to lowerCamelCase.
+    indent: The JSON object will be pretty-printed with this indent level.
+        An indent level of 0 or negative will only insert newlines.
+    sort_keys: If True, then the output will be sorted by field names.
+    use_integers_for_enums: If true, print integers instead of enum names.
+    descriptor_pool: A Descriptor Pool for resolving types. If None use the
+        default.
+    float_precision: If set, use this to specify float field valid digits.
+
+  Returns:
+    A string containing the JSON formatted protocol buffer message.
+  """
+  printer = _Printer(
+      including_default_value_fields,
+      preserving_proto_field_name,
+      use_integers_for_enums,
+      descriptor_pool,
+      float_precision=float_precision)
+  return printer.ToJsonString(message, indent, sort_keys)
+
+
+def MessageToDict(
+    message,
+    including_default_value_fields=False,
+    preserving_proto_field_name=False,
+    use_integers_for_enums=False,
+    descriptor_pool=None,
+    float_precision=None):
+  """Converts protobuf message to a dictionary.
+
+  When the dictionary is encoded to JSON, it conforms to proto3 JSON spec.
+
+  Args:
+    message: The protocol buffers message instance to serialize.
+    including_default_value_fields: If True, singular primitive fields,
+        repeated fields, and map fields will always be serialized.  If
+        False, only serialize non-empty fields.  Singular message fields
+        and oneof fields are not affected by this option.
+    preserving_proto_field_name: If True, use the original proto field
+        names as defined in the .proto file. If False, convert the field
+        names to lowerCamelCase.
+    use_integers_for_enums: If true, print integers instead of enum names.
+    descriptor_pool: A Descriptor Pool for resolving types. If None use the
+        default.
+    float_precision: If set, use this to specify float field valid digits.
+
+  Returns:
+    A dict representation of the protocol buffer message.
+  """
+  printer = _Printer(
+      including_default_value_fields,
+      preserving_proto_field_name,
+      use_integers_for_enums,
+      descriptor_pool,
+      float_precision=float_precision)
+  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+  return printer._MessageToJsonObject(message)
+
+
+def _IsMapEntry(field):
+  return (field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE and
+          field.message_type.has_options and
+          field.message_type.GetOptions().map_entry)
+
+
+class _Printer(object):
+  """JSON format printer for protocol message."""
+
+  def __init__(
+      self,
+      including_default_value_fields=False,
+      preserving_proto_field_name=False,
+      use_integers_for_enums=False,
+      descriptor_pool=None,
+      float_precision=None):
+    self.including_default_value_fields = including_default_value_fields
+    self.preserving_proto_field_name = preserving_proto_field_name
+    self.use_integers_for_enums = use_integers_for_enums
+    self.descriptor_pool = descriptor_pool
+    # TODO(jieluo): change the float precision default to 8 valid digits.
+    if float_precision:
+      self.float_format = '.{}g'.format(float_precision)
+    else:
+      self.float_format = None
+
+  def ToJsonString(self, message, indent, sort_keys):
+    js = self._MessageToJsonObject(message)
+    return json.dumps(js, indent=indent, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+
+  def _MessageToJsonObject(self, message):
+    """Converts message to an object according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
+    full_name = message_descriptor.full_name
+    if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
+      return self._WrapperMessageToJsonObject(message)
+    if full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS:
+      return methodcaller(_WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][0], message)(self)
+    js = {}
+    return self._RegularMessageToJsonObject(message, js)
+
+  def _RegularMessageToJsonObject(self, message, js):
+    """Converts normal message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    fields = message.ListFields()
+
+    try:
+      for field, value in fields:
+        if self.preserving_proto_field_name:
+          name = field.name
+        else:
+          name = field.json_name
+        if _IsMapEntry(field):
+          # Convert a map field.
+          v_field = field.message_type.fields_by_name['value']
+          js_map = {}
+          for key in value:
+            if isinstance(key, bool):
+              if key:
+                recorded_key = 'true'
+              else:
+                recorded_key = 'false'
+            else:
+              recorded_key = key
+            js_map[recorded_key] = self._FieldToJsonObject(
+                v_field, value[key])
+          js[name] = js_map
+        elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+          # Convert a repeated field.
+          js[name] = [self._FieldToJsonObject(field, k)
+                      for k in value]
+        elif field.is_extension:
+          full_qualifier = field.full_name[:-len(field.name)]
+          name = '[%s%s]' % (full_qualifier, name)
+          js[name] = self._FieldToJsonObject(field, value)
+        else:
+          js[name] = self._FieldToJsonObject(field, value)
+
+      # Serialize default value if including_default_value_fields is True.
+      if self.including_default_value_fields:
+        message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
+        for field in message_descriptor.fields:
+          # Singular message fields and oneof fields will not be affected.
+          if ((field.label != descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED and
+               field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) or
+              field.containing_oneof):
+            continue
+          if self.preserving_proto_field_name:
+            name = field.name
+          else:
+            name = field.json_name
+          if name in js:
+            # Skip the field which has been serailized already.
+            continue
+          if _IsMapEntry(field):
+            js[name] = {}
+          elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+            js[name] = []
+          else:
+            js[name] = self._FieldToJsonObject(field, field.default_value)
+
+    except ValueError as e:
+      raise SerializeToJsonError(
+          'Failed to serialize {0} field: {1}.'.format(field.name, e))
+
+    return js
+
+  def _FieldToJsonObject(self, field, value):
+    """Converts field value according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return self._MessageToJsonObject(value)
+    elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      if self.use_integers_for_enums:
+        return value
+      enum_value = field.enum_type.values_by_number.get(value, None)
+      if enum_value is not None:
+        return enum_value.name
+      else:
+        if field.file.syntax == 'proto3':
+          return value
+        raise SerializeToJsonError('Enum field contains an integer value '
+                                   'which can not mapped to an enum value.')
+    elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      if field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES:
+        # Use base64 Data encoding for bytes
+        return base64.b64encode(value).decode('utf-8')
+      else:
+        return value
+    elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return bool(value)
+    elif field.cpp_type in _INT64_TYPES:
+      return str(value)
+    elif field.cpp_type in _FLOAT_TYPES:
+      if math.isinf(value):
+        if value < 0.0:
+          return _NEG_INFINITY
+        else:
+          return _INFINITY
+      if math.isnan(value):
+        return _NAN
+      if (self.float_format and
+          field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_FLOAT):
+        return float(format(value, self.float_format))
+    return value
+
+  def _AnyMessageToJsonObject(self, message):
+    """Converts Any message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    if not message.ListFields():
+      return {}
+    # Must print @type first, use OrderedDict instead of {}
+    js = OrderedDict()
+    type_url = message.type_url
+    js['@type'] = type_url
+    sub_message = _CreateMessageFromTypeUrl(type_url, self.descriptor_pool)
+    sub_message.ParseFromString(message.value)
+    message_descriptor = sub_message.DESCRIPTOR
+    full_name = message_descriptor.full_name
+    if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
+      js['value'] = self._WrapperMessageToJsonObject(sub_message)
+      return js
+    if full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS:
+      js['value'] = methodcaller(_WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][0],
+                                 sub_message)(self)
+      return js
+    return self._RegularMessageToJsonObject(sub_message, js)
+
+  def _GenericMessageToJsonObject(self, message):
+    """Converts message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    # Duration, Timestamp and FieldMask have ToJsonString method to do the
+    # convert. Users can also call the method directly.
+    return message.ToJsonString()
+
+  def _ValueMessageToJsonObject(self, message):
+    """Converts Value message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    which = message.WhichOneof('kind')
+    # If the Value message is not set treat as null_value when serialize
+    # to JSON. The parse back result will be different from original message.
+    if which is None or which == 'null_value':
+      return None
+    if which == 'list_value':
+      return self._ListValueMessageToJsonObject(message.list_value)
+    if which == 'struct_value':
+      value = message.struct_value
+    else:
+      value = getattr(message, which)
+    oneof_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name[which]
+    return self._FieldToJsonObject(oneof_descriptor, value)
+
+  def _ListValueMessageToJsonObject(self, message):
+    """Converts ListValue message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    return [self._ValueMessageToJsonObject(value)
+            for value in message.values]
+
+  def _StructMessageToJsonObject(self, message):
+    """Converts Struct message according to Proto3 JSON Specification."""
+    fields = message.fields
+    ret = {}
+    for key in fields:
+      ret[key] = self._ValueMessageToJsonObject(fields[key])
+    return ret
+
+  def _WrapperMessageToJsonObject(self, message):
+    return self._FieldToJsonObject(
+        message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['value'], message.value)
+
+
+def _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
+  return message_descriptor.file.name == 'google/protobuf/wrappers.proto'
+
+
+def _DuplicateChecker(js):
+  result = {}
+  for name, value in js:
+    if name in result:
+      raise ParseError('Failed to load JSON: duplicate key {0}.'.format(name))
+    result[name] = value
+  return result
+
+
+def _CreateMessageFromTypeUrl(type_url, descriptor_pool):
+  """Creates a message from a type URL."""
+  db = symbol_database.Default()
+  pool = db.pool if descriptor_pool is None else descriptor_pool
+  type_name = type_url.split('/')[-1]
+  try:
+    message_descriptor = pool.FindMessageTypeByName(type_name)
+  except KeyError:
+    raise TypeError(
+        'Can not find message descriptor by type_url: {0}.'.format(type_url))
+  message_class = db.GetPrototype(message_descriptor)
+  return message_class()
+
+
+def Parse(text, message, ignore_unknown_fields=False, descriptor_pool=None):
+  """Parses a JSON representation of a protocol message into a message.
+
+  Args:
+    text: Message JSON representation.
+    message: A protocol buffer message to merge into.
+    ignore_unknown_fields: If True, do not raise errors for unknown fields.
+    descriptor_pool: A Descriptor Pool for resolving types. If None use the
+        default.
+
+  Returns:
+    The same message passed as argument.
+
+  Raises::
+    ParseError: On JSON parsing problems.
+  """
+  if not isinstance(text, six.text_type): text = text.decode('utf-8')
+  try:
+    js = json.loads(text, object_pairs_hook=_DuplicateChecker)
+  except ValueError as e:
+    raise ParseError('Failed to load JSON: {0}.'.format(str(e)))
+  return ParseDict(js, message, ignore_unknown_fields, descriptor_pool)
+
+
+def ParseDict(js_dict,
+              message,
+              ignore_unknown_fields=False,
+              descriptor_pool=None):
+  """Parses a JSON dictionary representation into a message.
+
+  Args:
+    js_dict: Dict representation of a JSON message.
+    message: A protocol buffer message to merge into.
+    ignore_unknown_fields: If True, do not raise errors for unknown fields.
+    descriptor_pool: A Descriptor Pool for resolving types. If None use the
+      default.
+
+  Returns:
+    The same message passed as argument.
+  """
+  parser = _Parser(ignore_unknown_fields, descriptor_pool)
+  parser.ConvertMessage(js_dict, message)
+  return message
+
+
+_INT_OR_FLOAT = six.integer_types + (float,)
+
+
+class _Parser(object):
+  """JSON format parser for protocol message."""
+
+  def __init__(self, ignore_unknown_fields, descriptor_pool):
+    self.ignore_unknown_fields = ignore_unknown_fields
+    self.descriptor_pool = descriptor_pool
+
+  def ConvertMessage(self, value, message):
+    """Convert a JSON object into a message.
+
+    Args:
+      value: A JSON object.
+      message: A WKT or regular protocol message to record the data.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: In case of convert problems.
+    """
+    message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
+    full_name = message_descriptor.full_name
+    if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
+      self._ConvertWrapperMessage(value, message)
+    elif full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS:
+      methodcaller(_WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][1], value, message)(self)
+    else:
+      self._ConvertFieldValuePair(value, message)
+
+  def _ConvertFieldValuePair(self, js, message):
+    """Convert field value pairs into regular message.
+
+    Args:
+      js: A JSON object to convert the field value pairs.
+      message: A regular protocol message to record the data.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: In case of problems converting.
+    """
+    names = []
+    message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
+    fields_by_json_name = dict((f.json_name, f)
+                               for f in message_descriptor.fields)
+    for name in js:
+      try:
+        field = fields_by_json_name.get(name, None)
+        if not field:
+          field = message_descriptor.fields_by_name.get(name, None)
+        if not field and _VALID_EXTENSION_NAME.match(name):
+          if not message_descriptor.is_extendable:
+            raise ParseError('Message type {0} does not have extensions'.format(
+                message_descriptor.full_name))
+          identifier = name[1:-1]  # strip [] brackets
+          # pylint: disable=protected-access
+          field = message.Extensions._FindExtensionByName(identifier)
+          # pylint: enable=protected-access
+          if not field:
+            # Try looking for extension by the message type name, dropping the
+            # field name following the final . separator in full_name.
+            identifier = '.'.join(identifier.split('.')[:-1])
+            # pylint: disable=protected-access
+            field = message.Extensions._FindExtensionByName(identifier)
+            # pylint: enable=protected-access
+        if not field:
+          if self.ignore_unknown_fields:
+            continue
+          raise ParseError(
+              ('Message type "{0}" has no field named "{1}".\n'
+               ' Available Fields(except extensions): {2}').format(
+                   message_descriptor.full_name, name,
+                   [f.json_name for f in message_descriptor.fields]))
+        if name in names:
+          raise ParseError('Message type "{0}" should not have multiple '
+                           '"{1}" fields.'.format(
+                               message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, name))
+        names.append(name)
+        # Check no other oneof field is parsed.
+        if field.containing_oneof is not None:
+          oneof_name = field.containing_oneof.name
+          if oneof_name in names:
+            raise ParseError('Message type "{0}" should not have multiple '
+                             '"{1}" oneof fields.'.format(
+                                 message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, oneof_name))
+          names.append(oneof_name)
+
+        value = js[name]
+        if value is None:
+          if (field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
+              and field.message_type.full_name == 'google.protobuf.Value'):
+            sub_message = getattr(message, field.name)
+            sub_message.null_value = 0
+          else:
+            message.ClearField(field.name)
+          continue
+
+        # Parse field value.
+        if _IsMapEntry(field):
+          message.ClearField(field.name)
+          self._ConvertMapFieldValue(value, message, field)
+        elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+          message.ClearField(field.name)
+          if not isinstance(value, list):
+            raise ParseError('repeated field {0} must be in [] which is '
+                             '{1}.'.format(name, value))
+          if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+            # Repeated message field.
+            for item in value:
+              sub_message = getattr(message, field.name).add()
+              # None is a null_value in Value.
+              if (item is None and
+                  sub_message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name != 'google.protobuf.Value'):
+                raise ParseError('null is not allowed to be used as an element'
+                                 ' in a repeated field.')
+              self.ConvertMessage(item, sub_message)
+          else:
+            # Repeated scalar field.
+            for item in value:
+              if item is None:
+                raise ParseError('null is not allowed to be used as an element'
+                                 ' in a repeated field.')
+              getattr(message, field.name).append(
+                  _ConvertScalarFieldValue(item, field))
+        elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+          if field.is_extension:
+            sub_message = message.Extensions[field]
+          else:
+            sub_message = getattr(message, field.name)
+          sub_message.SetInParent()
+          self.ConvertMessage(value, sub_message)
+        else:
+          if field.is_extension:
+            message.Extensions[field] = _ConvertScalarFieldValue(value, field)
+          else:
+            setattr(message, field.name, _ConvertScalarFieldValue(value, field))
+      except ParseError as e:
+        if field and field.containing_oneof is None:
+          raise ParseError('Failed to parse {0} field: {1}.'.format(name, e))
+        else:
+          raise ParseError(str(e))
+      except ValueError as e:
+        raise ParseError('Failed to parse {0} field: {1}.'.format(name, e))
+      except TypeError as e:
+        raise ParseError('Failed to parse {0} field: {1}.'.format(name, e))
+
+  def _ConvertAnyMessage(self, value, message):
+    """Convert a JSON representation into Any message."""
+    if isinstance(value, dict) and not value:
+      return
+    try:
+      type_url = value['@type']
+    except KeyError:
+      raise ParseError('@type is missing when parsing any message.')
+
+    sub_message = _CreateMessageFromTypeUrl(type_url, self.descriptor_pool)
+    message_descriptor = sub_message.DESCRIPTOR
+    full_name = message_descriptor.full_name
+    if _IsWrapperMessage(message_descriptor):
+      self._ConvertWrapperMessage(value['value'], sub_message)
+    elif full_name in _WKTJSONMETHODS:
+      methodcaller(
+          _WKTJSONMETHODS[full_name][1], value['value'], sub_message)(self)
+    else:
+      del value['@type']
+      self._ConvertFieldValuePair(value, sub_message)
+      value['@type'] = type_url
+    # Sets Any message
+    message.value = sub_message.SerializeToString()
+    message.type_url = type_url
+
+  def _ConvertGenericMessage(self, value, message):
+    """Convert a JSON representation into message with FromJsonString."""
+    # Duration, Timestamp, FieldMask have a FromJsonString method to do the
+    # conversion. Users can also call the method directly.
+    try:
+      message.FromJsonString(value)
+    except ValueError as e:
+      raise ParseError(e)
+
+  def _ConvertValueMessage(self, value, message):
+    """Convert a JSON representation into Value message."""
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+      self._ConvertStructMessage(value, message.struct_value)
+    elif isinstance(value, list):
+      self. _ConvertListValueMessage(value, message.list_value)
+    elif value is None:
+      message.null_value = 0
+    elif isinstance(value, bool):
+      message.bool_value = value
+    elif isinstance(value, six.string_types):
+      message.string_value = value
+    elif isinstance(value, _INT_OR_FLOAT):
+      message.number_value = value
+    else:
+      raise ParseError('Unexpected type for Value message.')
+
+  def _ConvertListValueMessage(self, value, message):
+    """Convert a JSON representation into ListValue message."""
+    if not isinstance(value, list):
+      raise ParseError(
+          'ListValue must be in [] which is {0}.'.format(value))
+    message.ClearField('values')
+    for item in value:
+      self._ConvertValueMessage(item, message.values.add())
+
+  def _ConvertStructMessage(self, value, message):
+    """Convert a JSON representation into Struct message."""
+    if not isinstance(value, dict):
+      raise ParseError(
+          'Struct must be in a dict which is {0}.'.format(value))
+    # Clear will mark the struct as modified so it will be created even if
+    # there are no values.
+    message.Clear()
+    for key in value:
+      self._ConvertValueMessage(value[key], message.fields[key])
+    return
+
+  def _ConvertWrapperMessage(self, value, message):
+    """Convert a JSON representation into Wrapper message."""
+    field = message.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['value']
+    setattr(message, 'value', _ConvertScalarFieldValue(value, field))
+
+  def _ConvertMapFieldValue(self, value, message, field):
+    """Convert map field value for a message map field.
+
+    Args:
+      value: A JSON object to convert the map field value.
+      message: A protocol message to record the converted data.
+      field: The descriptor of the map field to be converted.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: In case of convert problems.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(value, dict):
+      raise ParseError(
+          'Map field {0} must be in a dict which is {1}.'.format(
+              field.name, value))
+    key_field = field.message_type.fields_by_name['key']
+    value_field = field.message_type.fields_by_name['value']
+    for key in value:
+      key_value = _ConvertScalarFieldValue(key, key_field, True)
+      if value_field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        self.ConvertMessage(value[key], getattr(
+            message, field.name)[key_value])
+      else:
+        getattr(message, field.name)[key_value] = _ConvertScalarFieldValue(
+            value[key], value_field)
+
+
+def _ConvertScalarFieldValue(value, field, require_str=False):
+  """Convert a single scalar field value.
+
+  Args:
+    value: A scalar value to convert the scalar field value.
+    field: The descriptor of the field to convert.
+    require_str: If True, the field value must be a str.
+
+  Returns:
+    The converted scalar field value
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: In case of convert problems.
+  """
+  if field.cpp_type in _INT_TYPES:
+    return _ConvertInteger(value)
+  elif field.cpp_type in _FLOAT_TYPES:
+    return _ConvertFloat(value)
+  elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+    return _ConvertBool(value, require_str)
+  elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_STRING:
+    if field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES:
+      return base64.b64decode(value)
+    else:
+      # Checking for unpaired surrogates appears to be unreliable,
+      # depending on the specific Python version, so we check manually.
+      if _UNPAIRED_SURROGATE_PATTERN.search(value):
+        raise ParseError('Unpaired surrogate')
+      return value
+  elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+    # Convert an enum value.
+    enum_value = field.enum_type.values_by_name.get(value, None)
+    if enum_value is None:
+      try:
+        number = int(value)
+        enum_value = field.enum_type.values_by_number.get(number, None)
+      except ValueError:
+        raise ParseError('Invalid enum value {0} for enum type {1}.'.format(
+            value, field.enum_type.full_name))
+      if enum_value is None:
+        if field.file.syntax == 'proto3':
+          # Proto3 accepts unknown enums.
+          return number
+        raise ParseError('Invalid enum value {0} for enum type {1}.'.format(
+            value, field.enum_type.full_name))
+    return enum_value.number
+
+
+def _ConvertInteger(value):
+  """Convert an integer.
+
+  Args:
+    value: A scalar value to convert.
+
+  Returns:
+    The integer value.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: If an integer couldn't be consumed.
+  """
+  if isinstance(value, float) and not value.is_integer():
+    raise ParseError('Couldn\'t parse integer: {0}.'.format(value))
+
+  if isinstance(value, six.text_type) and value.find(' ') != -1:
+    raise ParseError('Couldn\'t parse integer: "{0}".'.format(value))
+
+  return int(value)
+
+
+def _ConvertFloat(value):
+  """Convert an floating point number."""
+  if value == 'nan':
+    raise ParseError('Couldn\'t parse float "nan", use "NaN" instead.')
+  try:
+    # Assume Python compatible syntax.
+    return float(value)
+  except ValueError:
+    # Check alternative spellings.
+    if value == _NEG_INFINITY:
+      return float('-inf')
+    elif value == _INFINITY:
+      return float('inf')
+    elif value == _NAN:
+      return float('nan')
+    else:
+      raise ParseError('Couldn\'t parse float: {0}.'.format(value))
+
+
+def _ConvertBool(value, require_str):
+  """Convert a boolean value.
+
+  Args:
+    value: A scalar value to convert.
+    require_str: If True, value must be a str.
+
+  Returns:
+    The bool parsed.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: If a boolean value couldn't be consumed.
+  """
+  if require_str:
+    if value == 'true':
+      return True
+    elif value == 'false':
+      return False
+    else:
+      raise ParseError('Expected "true" or "false", not {0}.'.format(value))
+
+  if not isinstance(value, bool):
+    raise ParseError('Expected true or false without quotes.')
+  return value
+
+_WKTJSONMETHODS = {
+    'google.protobuf.Any': ['_AnyMessageToJsonObject',
+                            '_ConvertAnyMessage'],
+    'google.protobuf.Duration': ['_GenericMessageToJsonObject',
+                                 '_ConvertGenericMessage'],
+    'google.protobuf.FieldMask': ['_GenericMessageToJsonObject',
+                                  '_ConvertGenericMessage'],
+    'google.protobuf.ListValue': ['_ListValueMessageToJsonObject',
+                                  '_ConvertListValueMessage'],
+    'google.protobuf.Struct': ['_StructMessageToJsonObject',
+                               '_ConvertStructMessage'],
+    'google.protobuf.Timestamp': ['_GenericMessageToJsonObject',
+                                  '_ConvertGenericMessage'],
+    'google.protobuf.Value': ['_ValueMessageToJsonObject',
+                              '_ConvertValueMessage']
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/message.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/message.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2f132194c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/message.py
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# TODO(robinson): We should just make these methods all "pure-virtual" and move
+# all implementation out, into reflection.py for now.
+
+
+"""Contains an abstract base class for protocol messages."""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+class Error(Exception): pass
+class DecodeError(Error): pass
+class EncodeError(Error): pass
+
+
+class Message(object):
+
+  """Abstract base class for protocol messages.
+
+  Protocol message classes are almost always generated by the protocol
+  compiler.  These generated types subclass Message and implement the methods
+  shown below.
+
+  TODO(robinson): Link to an HTML document here.
+
+  TODO(robinson): Document that instances of this class will also
+  have an Extensions attribute with __getitem__ and __setitem__.
+  Again, not sure how to best convey this.
+
+  TODO(robinson): Document that the class must also have a static
+    RegisterExtension(extension_field) method.
+    Not sure how to best express at this point.
+  """
+
+  # TODO(robinson): Document these fields and methods.
+
+  __slots__ = []
+
+  DESCRIPTOR = None
+
+  def __deepcopy__(self, memo=None):
+    clone = type(self)()
+    clone.MergeFrom(self)
+    return clone
+
+  def __eq__(self, other_msg):
+    """Recursively compares two messages by value and structure."""
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def __ne__(self, other_msg):
+    # Can't just say self != other_msg, since that would infinitely recurse. :)
+    return not self == other_msg
+
+  def __hash__(self):
+    raise TypeError('unhashable object')
+
+  def __str__(self):
+    """Outputs a human-readable representation of the message."""
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def __unicode__(self):
+    """Outputs a human-readable representation of the message."""
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def MergeFrom(self, other_msg):
+    """Merges the contents of the specified message into current message.
+
+    This method merges the contents of the specified message into the current
+    message. Singular fields that are set in the specified message overwrite
+    the corresponding fields in the current message. Repeated fields are
+    appended. Singular sub-messages and groups are recursively merged.
+
+    Args:
+      other_msg: Message to merge into the current message.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def CopyFrom(self, other_msg):
+    """Copies the content of the specified message into the current message.
+
+    The method clears the current message and then merges the specified
+    message using MergeFrom.
+
+    Args:
+      other_msg: Message to copy into the current one.
+    """
+    if self is other_msg:
+      return
+    self.Clear()
+    self.MergeFrom(other_msg)
+
+  def Clear(self):
+    """Clears all data that was set in the message."""
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def SetInParent(self):
+    """Mark this as present in the parent.
+
+    This normally happens automatically when you assign a field of a
+    sub-message, but sometimes you want to make the sub-message
+    present while keeping it empty.  If you find yourself using this,
+    you may want to reconsider your design."""
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def IsInitialized(self):
+    """Checks if the message is initialized.
+
+    Returns:
+      The method returns True if the message is initialized (i.e. all of its
+      required fields are set).
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  # TODO(robinson): MergeFromString() should probably return None and be
+  # implemented in terms of a helper that returns the # of bytes read.  Our
+  # deserialization routines would use the helper when recursively
+  # deserializing, but the end user would almost always just want the no-return
+  # MergeFromString().
+
+  def MergeFromString(self, serialized):
+    """Merges serialized protocol buffer data into this message.
+
+    When we find a field in |serialized| that is already present
+    in this message:
+      - If it's a "repeated" field, we append to the end of our list.
+      - Else, if it's a scalar, we overwrite our field.
+      - Else, (it's a nonrepeated composite), we recursively merge
+        into the existing composite.
+
+    TODO(robinson): Document handling of unknown fields.
+
+    Args:
+      serialized: Any object that allows us to call buffer(serialized)
+        to access a string of bytes using the buffer interface.
+
+    TODO(robinson): When we switch to a helper, this will return None.
+
+    Returns:
+      The number of bytes read from |serialized|.
+      For non-group messages, this will always be len(serialized),
+      but for messages which are actually groups, this will
+      generally be less than len(serialized), since we must
+      stop when we reach an END_GROUP tag.  Note that if
+      we *do* stop because of an END_GROUP tag, the number
+      of bytes returned does not include the bytes
+      for the END_GROUP tag information.
+
+    Raises:
+      message.DecodeError if the input cannot be parsed.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def ParseFromString(self, serialized):
+    """Parse serialized protocol buffer data into this message.
+
+    Like MergeFromString(), except we clear the object first.
+    """
+    self.Clear()
+    return self.MergeFromString(serialized)
+
+  def SerializeToString(self, **kwargs):
+    """Serializes the protocol message to a binary string.
+
+    Arguments:
+      **kwargs: Keyword arguments to the serialize method, accepts
+        the following keyword args:
+        deterministic: If true, requests deterministic serialization of the
+          protobuf, with predictable ordering of map keys.
+
+    Returns:
+      A binary string representation of the message if all of the required
+      fields in the message are set (i.e. the message is initialized).
+
+    Raises:
+      message.EncodeError if the message isn't initialized.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def SerializePartialToString(self, **kwargs):
+    """Serializes the protocol message to a binary string.
+
+    This method is similar to SerializeToString but doesn't check if the
+    message is initialized.
+
+    Arguments:
+      **kwargs: Keyword arguments to the serialize method, accepts
+        the following keyword args:
+        deterministic: If true, requests deterministic serialization of the
+          protobuf, with predictable ordering of map keys.
+
+    Returns:
+      A string representation of the partial message.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  # TODO(robinson): Decide whether we like these better
+  # than auto-generated has_foo() and clear_foo() methods
+  # on the instances themselves.  This way is less consistent
+  # with C++, but it makes reflection-type access easier and
+  # reduces the number of magically autogenerated things.
+  #
+  # TODO(robinson): Be sure to document (and test) exactly
+  # which field names are accepted here.  Are we case-sensitive?
+  # What do we do with fields that share names with Python keywords
+  # like 'lambda' and 'yield'?
+  #
+  # nnorwitz says:
+  # """
+  # Typically (in python), an underscore is appended to names that are
+  # keywords. So they would become lambda_ or yield_.
+  # """
+  def ListFields(self):
+    """Returns a list of (FieldDescriptor, value) tuples for all
+    fields in the message which are not empty.  A message field is
+    non-empty if HasField() would return true. A singular primitive field
+    is non-empty if HasField() would return true in proto2 or it is non zero
+    in proto3. A repeated field is non-empty if it contains at least one
+    element.  The fields are ordered by field number"""
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def HasField(self, field_name):
+    """Checks if a certain field is set for the message, or if any field inside
+    a oneof group is set.  Note that if the field_name is not defined in the
+    message descriptor, ValueError will be raised."""
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def ClearField(self, field_name):
+    """Clears the contents of a given field, or the field set inside a oneof
+    group.  If the name neither refers to a defined field or oneof group,
+    ValueError is raised."""
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def WhichOneof(self, oneof_group):
+    """Returns the name of the field that is set inside a oneof group, or
+    None if no field is set.  If no group with the given name exists, ValueError
+    will be raised."""
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def HasExtension(self, extension_handle):
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def ClearExtension(self, extension_handle):
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def UnknownFields(self):
+    """Returns the UnknownFieldSet."""
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def DiscardUnknownFields(self):
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def ByteSize(self):
+    """Returns the serialized size of this message.
+    Recursively calls ByteSize() on all contained messages.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def _SetListener(self, message_listener):
+    """Internal method used by the protocol message implementation.
+    Clients should not call this directly.
+
+    Sets a listener that this message will call on certain state transitions.
+
+    The purpose of this method is to register back-edges from children to
+    parents at runtime, for the purpose of setting "has" bits and
+    byte-size-dirty bits in the parent and ancestor objects whenever a child or
+    descendant object is modified.
+
+    If the client wants to disconnect this Message from the object tree, she
+    explicitly sets callback to None.
+
+    If message_listener is None, unregisters any existing listener.  Otherwise,
+    message_listener must implement the MessageListener interface in
+    internal/message_listener.py, and we discard any listener registered
+    via a previous _SetListener() call.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def __getstate__(self):
+    """Support the pickle protocol."""
+    return dict(serialized=self.SerializePartialToString())
+
+  def __setstate__(self, state):
+    """Support the pickle protocol."""
+    self.__init__()
+    serialized = state['serialized']
+    # On Python 3, using encoding='latin1' is required for unpickling
+    # protos pickled by Python 2.
+    if not isinstance(serialized, bytes):
+      serialized = serialized.encode('latin1')
+    self.ParseFromString(serialized)
+
+  def __reduce__(self):
+    message_descriptor = self.DESCRIPTOR
+    if message_descriptor.containing_type is None:
+      return type(self), (), self.__getstate__()
+    # the message type must be nested.
+    # Python does not pickle nested classes; use the symbol_database on the
+    # receiving end.
+    container = message_descriptor
+    return (_InternalConstructMessage, (container.full_name,),
+            self.__getstate__())
+
+
+def _InternalConstructMessage(full_name):
+  """Constructs a nested message."""
+  from google.protobuf import symbol_database  # pylint:disable=g-import-not-at-top
+
+  return symbol_database.Default().GetSymbol(full_name)()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/message_factory.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/message_factory.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3ab0a557
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/message_factory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Provides a factory class for generating dynamic messages.
+
+The easiest way to use this class is if you have access to the FileDescriptor
+protos containing the messages you want to create you can just do the following:
+
+message_classes = message_factory.GetMessages(iterable_of_file_descriptors)
+my_proto_instance = message_classes['some.proto.package.MessageName']()
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'matthewtoia@google.com (Matt Toia)'
+
+from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool
+from google.protobuf import message
+
+if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+  from google.protobuf.pyext import cpp_message as message_impl
+else:
+  from google.protobuf.internal import python_message as message_impl
+
+
+# The type of all Message classes.
+_GENERATED_PROTOCOL_MESSAGE_TYPE = message_impl.GeneratedProtocolMessageType
+
+
+class MessageFactory(object):
+  """Factory for creating Proto2 messages from descriptors in a pool."""
+
+  def __init__(self, pool=None):
+    """Initializes a new factory."""
+    self.pool = pool or descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
+
+    # local cache of all classes built from protobuf descriptors
+    self._classes = {}
+
+  def GetPrototype(self, descriptor):
+    """Builds a proto2 message class based on the passed in descriptor.
+
+    Passing a descriptor with a fully qualified name matching a previous
+    invocation will cause the same class to be returned.
+
+    Args:
+      descriptor: The descriptor to build from.
+
+    Returns:
+      A class describing the passed in descriptor.
+    """
+    if descriptor not in self._classes:
+      descriptor_name = descriptor.name
+      if str is bytes:  # PY2
+        descriptor_name = descriptor.name.encode('ascii', 'ignore')
+      result_class = _GENERATED_PROTOCOL_MESSAGE_TYPE(
+          descriptor_name,
+          (message.Message,),
+          {'DESCRIPTOR': descriptor, '__module__': None})
+      # If module not set, it wrongly points to message_factory module.
+      self._classes[descriptor] = result_class
+      for field in descriptor.fields:
+        if field.message_type:
+          self.GetPrototype(field.message_type)
+      for extension in result_class.DESCRIPTOR.extensions:
+        if extension.containing_type not in self._classes:
+          self.GetPrototype(extension.containing_type)
+        extended_class = self._classes[extension.containing_type]
+        extended_class.RegisterExtension(extension)
+    return self._classes[descriptor]
+
+  def GetMessages(self, files):
+    """Gets all the messages from a specified file.
+
+    This will find and resolve dependencies, failing if the descriptor
+    pool cannot satisfy them.
+
+    Args:
+      files: The file names to extract messages from.
+
+    Returns:
+      A dictionary mapping proto names to the message classes. This will include
+      any dependent messages as well as any messages defined in the same file as
+      a specified message.
+    """
+    result = {}
+    for file_name in files:
+      file_desc = self.pool.FindFileByName(file_name)
+      for desc in file_desc.message_types_by_name.values():
+        result[desc.full_name] = self.GetPrototype(desc)
+
+      # While the extension FieldDescriptors are created by the descriptor pool,
+      # the python classes created in the factory need them to be registered
+      # explicitly, which is done below.
+      #
+      # The call to RegisterExtension will specifically check if the
+      # extension was already registered on the object and either
+      # ignore the registration if the original was the same, or raise
+      # an error if they were different.
+
+      for extension in file_desc.extensions_by_name.values():
+        if extension.containing_type not in self._classes:
+          self.GetPrototype(extension.containing_type)
+        extended_class = self._classes[extension.containing_type]
+        extended_class.RegisterExtension(extension)
+    return result
+
+
+_FACTORY = MessageFactory()
+
+
+def GetMessages(file_protos):
+  """Builds a dictionary of all the messages available in a set of files.
+
+  Args:
+    file_protos: Iterable of FileDescriptorProto to build messages out of.
+
+  Returns:
+    A dictionary mapping proto names to the message classes. This will include
+    any dependent messages as well as any messages defined in the same file as
+    a specified message.
+  """
+  # The cpp implementation of the protocol buffer library requires to add the
+  # message in topological order of the dependency graph.
+  file_by_name = {file_proto.name: file_proto for file_proto in file_protos}
+  def _AddFile(file_proto):
+    for dependency in file_proto.dependency:
+      if dependency in file_by_name:
+        # Remove from elements to be visited, in order to cut cycles.
+        _AddFile(file_by_name.pop(dependency))
+    _FACTORY.pool.Add(file_proto)
+  while file_by_name:
+    _AddFile(file_by_name.popitem()[1])
+  return _FACTORY.GetMessages([file_proto.name for file_proto in file_protos])
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/proto_api.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/proto_api.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75ee9795a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/proto_api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file can be included by other C++ libraries, typically extension modules
+// which want to interact with the Python Messages coming from the "cpp"
+// implementation of protocol buffers.
+//
+// Usage:
+// Declare a (probably static) variable to hold the API:
+//    const PyProto_API* py_proto_api;
+// In some initialization function, write:
+//    py_proto_api = static_cast<const PyProto_API*>(PyCapsule_Import(
+//        PyProtoAPICapsuleName(), 0));
+//    if (!py_proto_api) { ...handle ImportError... }
+// Then use the methods of the returned class:
+//    py_proto_api->GetMessagePointer(...);
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_PROTO_API_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_PROTO_API_H__
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+// Note on the implementation:
+// This API is designed after
+// https://docs.python.org/3/extending/extending.html#providing-a-c-api-for-an-extension-module
+// The class below contains no mutable state, and all methods are "const";
+// we use a C++ class instead of a C struct with functions pointers just because
+// the code looks more readable.
+struct PyProto_API {
+  // The API object is created at initialization time and never freed.
+  // This destructor is never called.
+  virtual ~PyProto_API() {}
+
+  // Operations on Messages.
+
+  // If the passed object is a Python Message, returns its internal pointer.
+  // Otherwise, returns NULL with an exception set.
+  virtual const Message* GetMessagePointer(PyObject* msg) const = 0;
+
+  // If the passed object is a Python Message, returns a mutable pointer.
+  // Otherwise, returns NULL with an exception set.
+  // This function will succeed only if there are no other Python objects
+  // pointing to the message, like submessages or repeated containers.
+  // With the current implementation, only empty messages are in this case.
+  virtual Message* GetMutableMessagePointer(PyObject* msg) const = 0;
+
+  // Expose the underlying DescriptorPool and MessageFactory to enable C++ code
+  // to create Python-compatible message.
+  virtual const DescriptorPool* GetDefaultDescriptorPool() const = 0;
+  virtual MessageFactory* GetDefaultMessageFactory() const = 0;
+};
+
+inline const char* PyProtoAPICapsuleName() {
+  static const char kCapsuleName[] =
+      "google.protobuf.pyext._message.proto_API";
+  return kCapsuleName;
+}
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_PROTO_API_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/proto_builder.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/proto_builder.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..736caed38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/proto_builder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Dynamic Protobuf class creator."""
+
+try:
+    from collections import OrderedDict
+except ImportError:
+    from ordereddict import OrderedDict  #PY26
+import hashlib
+import os
+
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
+from google.protobuf import message_factory
+
+
+def _GetMessageFromFactory(factory, full_name):
+  """Get a proto class from the MessageFactory by name.
+
+  Args:
+    factory: a MessageFactory instance.
+    full_name: str, the fully qualified name of the proto type.
+  Returns:
+    A class, for the type identified by full_name.
+  Raises:
+    KeyError, if the proto is not found in the factory's descriptor pool.
+  """
+  proto_descriptor = factory.pool.FindMessageTypeByName(full_name)
+  proto_cls = factory.GetPrototype(proto_descriptor)
+  return proto_cls
+
+
+def MakeSimpleProtoClass(fields, full_name=None, pool=None):
+  """Create a Protobuf class whose fields are basic types.
+
+  Note: this doesn't validate field names!
+
+  Args:
+    fields: dict of {name: field_type} mappings for each field in the proto. If
+        this is an OrderedDict the order will be maintained, otherwise the
+        fields will be sorted by name.
+    full_name: optional str, the fully-qualified name of the proto type.
+    pool: optional DescriptorPool instance.
+  Returns:
+    a class, the new protobuf class with a FileDescriptor.
+  """
+  factory = message_factory.MessageFactory(pool=pool)
+
+  if full_name is not None:
+    try:
+      proto_cls = _GetMessageFromFactory(factory, full_name)
+      return proto_cls
+    except KeyError:
+      # The factory's DescriptorPool doesn't know about this class yet.
+      pass
+
+  # Get a list of (name, field_type) tuples from the fields dict. If fields was
+  # an OrderedDict we keep the order, but otherwise we sort the field to ensure
+  # consistent ordering.
+  field_items = fields.items()
+  if not isinstance(fields, OrderedDict):
+    field_items = sorted(field_items)
+
+  # Use a consistent file name that is unlikely to conflict with any imported
+  # proto files.
+  fields_hash = hashlib.sha1()
+  for f_name, f_type in field_items:
+    fields_hash.update(f_name.encode('utf-8'))
+    fields_hash.update(str(f_type).encode('utf-8'))
+  proto_file_name = fields_hash.hexdigest() + '.proto'
+
+  # If the proto is anonymous, use the same hash to name it.
+  if full_name is None:
+    full_name = ('net.proto2.python.public.proto_builder.AnonymousProto_' +
+                 fields_hash.hexdigest())
+    try:
+      proto_cls = _GetMessageFromFactory(factory, full_name)
+      return proto_cls
+    except KeyError:
+      # The factory's DescriptorPool doesn't know about this class yet.
+      pass
+
+  # This is the first time we see this proto: add a new descriptor to the pool.
+  factory.pool.Add(
+      _MakeFileDescriptorProto(proto_file_name, full_name, field_items))
+  return _GetMessageFromFactory(factory, full_name)
+
+
+def _MakeFileDescriptorProto(proto_file_name, full_name, field_items):
+  """Populate FileDescriptorProto for MessageFactory's DescriptorPool."""
+  package, name = full_name.rsplit('.', 1)
+  file_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
+  file_proto.name = os.path.join(package.replace('.', '/'), proto_file_name)
+  file_proto.package = package
+  desc_proto = file_proto.message_type.add()
+  desc_proto.name = name
+  for f_number, (f_name, f_type) in enumerate(field_items, 1):
+    field_proto = desc_proto.field.add()
+    field_proto.name = f_name
+    field_proto.number = f_number
+    field_proto.label = descriptor_pb2.FieldDescriptorProto.LABEL_OPTIONAL
+    field_proto.type = f_type
+  return file_proto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/README b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/README
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d61cb45b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/README
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+This is the 'v2' C++ implementation for python proto2.
+
+It is active when:
+
+PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=cpp
+PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION_VERSION=2
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..558561412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+try:
+  __import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__)
+except ImportError:
+  __path__ = __import__('pkgutil').extend_path(__path__, __name__)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/cpp_message.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/cpp_message.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc8eb32d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/cpp_message.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Protocol message implementation hooks for C++ implementation.
+
+Contains helper functions used to create protocol message classes from
+Descriptor objects at runtime backed by the protocol buffer C++ API.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'tibell@google.com (Johan Tibell)'
+
+from google.protobuf.pyext import _message
+
+
+class GeneratedProtocolMessageType(_message.MessageMeta):
+
+  """Metaclass for protocol message classes created at runtime from Descriptors.
+
+  The protocol compiler currently uses this metaclass to create protocol
+  message classes at runtime.  Clients can also manually create their own
+  classes at runtime, as in this example:
+
+  mydescriptor = Descriptor(.....)
+  factory = symbol_database.Default()
+  factory.pool.AddDescriptor(mydescriptor)
+  MyProtoClass = factory.GetPrototype(mydescriptor)
+  myproto_instance = MyProtoClass()
+  myproto.foo_field = 23
+  ...
+
+  The above example will not work for nested types. If you wish to include them,
+  use reflection.MakeClass() instead of manually instantiating the class in
+  order to create the appropriate class structure.
+  """
+
+  # Must be consistent with the protocol-compiler code in
+  # proto2/compiler/internal/generator.*.
+  _DESCRIPTOR_KEY = 'DESCRIPTOR'
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b1f4278b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1969 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: petar@google.com (Petar Petrov)
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <frameobject.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  #define PyString_FromStringAndSize PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize
+  #define PyString_Check PyUnicode_Check
+  #define PyString_InternFromString PyUnicode_InternFromString
+  #define PyInt_FromLong PyLong_FromLong
+  #define PyInt_FromSize_t PyLong_FromSize_t
+  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03030000
+    #error "Python 3.0 - 3.2 are not supported."
+  #endif
+#define PyString_AsStringAndSize(ob, charpp, sizep)                           \
+  (PyUnicode_Check(ob) ? ((*(charpp) = const_cast<char*>(                     \
+                               PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(ob, (sizep)))) == NULL \
+                              ? -1                                            \
+                              : 0)                                            \
+                       : PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(ob, (charpp), (sizep)))
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+// Store interned descriptors, so that the same C++ descriptor yields the same
+// Python object. Objects are not immortal: this map does not own the
+// references, and items are deleted when the last reference to the object is
+// released.
+// This is enough to support the "is" operator on live objects.
+// All descriptors are stored here.
+std::unordered_map<const void*, PyObject*>* interned_descriptors;
+
+PyObject* PyString_FromCppString(const std::string& str) {
+  return PyString_FromStringAndSize(str.c_str(), str.size());
+}
+
+// Check that the calling Python code is the global scope of a _pb2.py module.
+// This function is used to support the current code generated by the proto
+// compiler, which creates descriptors, then update some properties.
+// For example:
+//   message_descriptor = Descriptor(
+//       name='Message',
+//       fields = [FieldDescriptor(name='field')]
+//   message_descriptor.fields[0].containing_type = message_descriptor
+//
+// This code is still executed, but the descriptors now have no other storage
+// than the (const) C++ pointer, and are immutable.
+// So we let this code pass, by simply ignoring the new value.
+//
+// From user code, descriptors still look immutable.
+//
+// TODO(amauryfa): Change the proto2 compiler to remove the assignments, and
+// remove this hack.
+bool _CalledFromGeneratedFile(int stacklevel) {
+#ifndef PYPY_VERSION
+  // This check is not critical and is somewhat difficult to implement correctly
+  // in PyPy.
+  PyFrameObject* frame = PyEval_GetFrame();
+  if (frame == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  while (stacklevel-- > 0) {
+    frame = frame->f_back;
+    if (frame == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (frame->f_code->co_filename == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  char* filename;
+  Py_ssize_t filename_size;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(frame->f_code->co_filename,
+                               &filename, &filename_size) < 0) {
+    // filename is not a string.
+    PyErr_Clear();
+    return false;
+  }
+  if ((filename_size < 3) ||
+      (strcmp(&filename[filename_size - 3], ".py") != 0)) {
+    // Cython's stack does not have .py file name and is not at global module
+    // scope.
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (filename_size < 7) {
+    // filename is too short.
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (strcmp(&filename[filename_size - 7], "_pb2.py") != 0) {
+    // Filename is not ending with _pb2.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (frame->f_globals != frame->f_locals) {
+    // Not at global module scope
+    return false;
+  }
+#endif
+  return true;
+}
+
+// If the calling code is not a _pb2.py file, raise AttributeError.
+// To be used in attribute setters.
+static int CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile(const char* attr_name) {
+  if (_CalledFromGeneratedFile(0)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
+               "attribute is not writable: %s", attr_name);
+  return -1;
+}
+
+
+#ifndef PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT
+#define PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(type, size) PyObject_HEAD_INIT(type) size,
+#endif
+#ifndef Py_TYPE
+#define Py_TYPE(ob) (((PyObject*)(ob))->ob_type)
+#endif
+
+
+// Helper functions for descriptor objects.
+
+// A set of templates to retrieve the C++ FileDescriptor of any descriptor.
+template<class DescriptorClass>
+const FileDescriptor* GetFileDescriptor(const DescriptorClass* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->file();
+}
+template<>
+const FileDescriptor* GetFileDescriptor(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor;
+}
+template<>
+const FileDescriptor* GetFileDescriptor(const EnumValueDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->type()->file();
+}
+template<>
+const FileDescriptor* GetFileDescriptor(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->containing_type()->file();
+}
+template<>
+const FileDescriptor* GetFileDescriptor(const MethodDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->service()->file();
+}
+
+bool Reparse(
+    PyMessageFactory* message_factory, const Message& from, Message* to) {
+  // Reparse message.
+  std::string serialized;
+  from.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+  io::CodedInputStream input(
+      reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(serialized.c_str()), serialized.size());
+  input.SetExtensionRegistry(message_factory->pool->pool,
+                             message_factory->message_factory);
+  bool success = to->ParseFromCodedStream(&input);
+  if (!success) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+// Converts options into a Python protobuf, and cache the result.
+//
+// This is a bit tricky because options can contain extension fields defined in
+// the same proto file. In this case the options parsed from the serialized_pb
+// have unknown fields, and we need to parse them again.
+//
+// Always returns a new reference.
+template<class DescriptorClass>
+static PyObject* GetOrBuildOptions(const DescriptorClass *descriptor) {
+  // Options are cached in the pool that owns the descriptor.
+  // First search in the cache.
+  PyDescriptorPool* caching_pool = GetDescriptorPool_FromPool(
+      GetFileDescriptor(descriptor)->pool());
+  std::unordered_map<const void*, PyObject*>* descriptor_options =
+      caching_pool->descriptor_options;
+  if (descriptor_options->find(descriptor) != descriptor_options->end()) {
+    PyObject *value = (*descriptor_options)[descriptor];
+    Py_INCREF(value);
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  // Similar to the C++ implementation, we return an Options object from the
+  // default (generated) factory, so that client code know that they can use
+  // extensions from generated files:
+  //    d.GetOptions().Extensions[some_pb2.extension]
+  //
+  // The consequence is that extensions not defined in the default pool won't
+  // be available.  If needed, we could add an optional 'message_factory'
+  // parameter to the GetOptions() function.
+  PyMessageFactory* message_factory =
+      GetDefaultDescriptorPool()->py_message_factory;
+
+  // Build the Options object: get its Python class, and make a copy of the C++
+  // read-only instance.
+  const Message& options(descriptor->options());
+  const Descriptor *message_type = options.GetDescriptor();
+  CMessageClass* message_class = message_factory::GetOrCreateMessageClass(
+      message_factory, message_type);
+  if (message_class == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Could not retrieve class for Options: %s",
+                 message_type->full_name().c_str());
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr value(
+      PyEval_CallObject(message_class->AsPyObject(), NULL));
+  Py_DECREF(message_class);
+  if (value == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(value.get(), CMessage_Type)) {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Invalid class for %s: %s",
+                   message_type->full_name().c_str(),
+                   Py_TYPE(value.get())->tp_name);
+      return NULL;
+  }
+  CMessage* cmsg = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(value.get());
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = options.GetReflection();
+  const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields(reflection->GetUnknownFields(options));
+  if (unknown_fields.empty()) {
+    cmsg->message->CopyFrom(options);
+  } else {
+    // Reparse options string!  XXX call cmessage::MergeFromString
+    if (!Reparse(message_factory, options, cmsg->message)) {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Error reparsing Options message");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Cache the result.
+  Py_INCREF(value.get());
+  (*descriptor_options)[descriptor] = value.get();
+
+  return value.release();
+}
+
+// Copy the C++ descriptor to a Python message.
+// The Python message is an instance of descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto
+// or similar.
+template<class DescriptorProtoClass, class DescriptorClass>
+static PyObject* CopyToPythonProto(const DescriptorClass *descriptor,
+                                   PyObject *target) {
+  const Descriptor* self_descriptor =
+      DescriptorProtoClass::default_instance().GetDescriptor();
+  CMessage* message = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(target);
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(target, CMessage_Type) ||
+      message->message->GetDescriptor() != self_descriptor) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Not a %s message",
+                 self_descriptor->full_name().c_str());
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  cmessage::AssureWritable(message);
+  DescriptorProtoClass* descriptor_message =
+      static_cast<DescriptorProtoClass*>(message->message);
+  descriptor->CopyTo(descriptor_message);
+  // Custom options might in unknown extensions. Reparse
+  // the descriptor_message. Can't skip reparse when options unknown
+  // fields is empty, because they might in sub descriptors' options.
+  PyMessageFactory* message_factory =
+      GetDefaultDescriptorPool()->py_message_factory;
+  if (!Reparse(message_factory, *descriptor_message, descriptor_message)) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Error reparsing descriptor message");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+// All Descriptors classes share the same memory layout.
+typedef struct PyBaseDescriptor {
+  PyObject_HEAD
+
+  // Pointer to the C++ proto2 descriptor.
+  // Like all descriptors, it is owned by the global DescriptorPool.
+  const void* descriptor;
+
+  // Owned reference to the DescriptorPool, to ensure it is kept alive.
+  PyDescriptorPool* pool;
+} PyBaseDescriptor;
+
+
+// FileDescriptor structure "inherits" from the base descriptor.
+typedef struct PyFileDescriptor {
+  PyBaseDescriptor base;
+
+  // The cached version of serialized pb. Either NULL, or a Bytes string.
+  // We own the reference.
+  PyObject *serialized_pb;
+} PyFileDescriptor;
+
+
+namespace descriptor {
+
+// Creates or retrieve a Python descriptor of the specified type.
+// Objects are interned: the same descriptor will return the same object if it
+// was kept alive.
+// 'was_created' is an optional pointer to a bool, and is set to true if a new
+// object was allocated.
+// Always return a new reference.
+template<class DescriptorClass>
+PyObject* NewInternedDescriptor(PyTypeObject* type,
+                                const DescriptorClass* descriptor,
+                                bool* was_created) {
+  if (was_created) {
+    *was_created = false;
+  }
+  if (descriptor == NULL) {
+    PyErr_BadInternalCall();
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // See if the object is in the map of interned descriptors
+  std::unordered_map<const void*, PyObject*>::iterator it =
+      interned_descriptors->find(descriptor);
+  if (it != interned_descriptors->end()) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(Py_TYPE(it->second) == type);
+    Py_INCREF(it->second);
+    return it->second;
+  }
+  // Create a new descriptor object
+  PyBaseDescriptor* py_descriptor = PyObject_GC_New(
+      PyBaseDescriptor, type);
+  if (py_descriptor == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  py_descriptor->descriptor = descriptor;
+
+  // and cache it.
+  interned_descriptors->insert(
+      std::make_pair(descriptor, reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(py_descriptor)));
+
+  // Ensures that the DescriptorPool stays alive.
+  PyDescriptorPool* pool = GetDescriptorPool_FromPool(
+      GetFileDescriptor(descriptor)->pool());
+  if (pool == NULL) {
+    // Don't DECREF, the object is not fully initialized.
+    PyObject_Del(py_descriptor);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_INCREF(pool);
+  py_descriptor->pool = pool;
+
+  PyObject_GC_Track(py_descriptor);
+
+  if (was_created) {
+    *was_created = true;
+  }
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(py_descriptor);
+}
+
+static void Dealloc(PyObject* pself) {
+  PyBaseDescriptor* self = reinterpret_cast<PyBaseDescriptor*>(pself);
+  // Remove from interned dictionary
+  interned_descriptors->erase(self->descriptor);
+  Py_CLEAR(self->pool);
+  Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(pself);
+}
+
+static int GcTraverse(PyObject* pself, visitproc visit, void* arg) {
+  PyBaseDescriptor* self = reinterpret_cast<PyBaseDescriptor*>(pself);
+  Py_VISIT(self->pool);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int GcClear(PyObject* pself) {
+  PyBaseDescriptor* self = reinterpret_cast<PyBaseDescriptor*>(pself);
+  Py_CLEAR(self->pool);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+PyTypeObject PyBaseDescriptor_Type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0) FULL_MODULE_NAME
+    ".DescriptorBase",                        // tp_name
+    sizeof(PyBaseDescriptor),                 // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                        // tp_itemsize
+    (destructor)Dealloc,                      // tp_dealloc
+    0,                                        // tp_print
+    0,                                        // tp_getattr
+    0,                                        // tp_setattr
+    0,                                        // tp_compare
+    0,                                        // tp_repr
+    0,                                        // tp_as_number
+    0,                                        // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                        // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                        // tp_hash
+    0,                                        // tp_call
+    0,                                        // tp_str
+    0,                                        // tp_getattro
+    0,                                        // tp_setattro
+    0,                                        // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,  // tp_flags
+    "Descriptors base class",                 // tp_doc
+    GcTraverse,                               // tp_traverse
+    GcClear,                                  // tp_clear
+    0,                                        // tp_richcompare
+    0,                                        // tp_weaklistoffset
+    0,                                        // tp_iter
+    0,                                        // tp_iternext
+    0,                                        // tp_methods
+    0,                                        // tp_members
+    Getters,                                  // tp_getset
+};
+
+}  // namespace descriptor
+
+const void* PyDescriptor_AsVoidPtr(PyObject* obj) {
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, &descriptor::PyBaseDescriptor_Type)) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Not a BaseDescriptor");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyBaseDescriptor*>(obj)->descriptor;
+}
+
+namespace message_descriptor {
+
+// Unchecked accessor to the C++ pointer.
+static const Descriptor* _GetDescriptor(PyBaseDescriptor* self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const Descriptor*>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFullName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->full_name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFile(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptor(_GetDescriptor(self)->file());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetConcreteClass(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  // Retuns the canonical class for the given descriptor.
+  // This is the class that was registered with the primary descriptor pool
+  // which contains this descriptor.
+  // This might not be the one you expect! For example the returned object does
+  // not know about extensions defined in a custom pool.
+  CMessageClass* concrete_class(message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+      GetDescriptorPool_FromPool(
+          _GetDescriptor(self)->file()->pool())->py_message_factory,
+      _GetDescriptor(self)));
+  Py_XINCREF(concrete_class);
+  return concrete_class->AsPyObject();
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFieldsByName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewMessageFieldsByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFieldsByCamelcaseName(PyBaseDescriptor* self,
+                                          void *closure) {
+  return NewMessageFieldsByCamelcaseName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFieldsByNumber(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewMessageFieldsByNumber(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFieldsSeq(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewMessageFieldsSeq(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetNestedTypesByName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewMessageNestedTypesByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetNestedTypesSeq(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewMessageNestedTypesSeq(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetExtensionsByName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewMessageExtensionsByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetExtensions(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewMessageExtensionsSeq(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetEnumsSeq(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewMessageEnumsSeq(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetEnumTypesByName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewMessageEnumsByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetEnumValuesByName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewMessageEnumValuesByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOneofsByName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewMessageOneofsByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOneofsSeq(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewMessageOneofsSeq(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* IsExtendable(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  if (_GetDescriptor(self)->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+  }
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetExtensionRanges(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = _GetDescriptor(self);
+  PyObject* range_list = PyList_New(descriptor->extension_range_count());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->extension_range_count(); i++) {
+    const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range = descriptor->extension_range(i);
+    PyObject* start = PyInt_FromLong(range->start);
+    PyObject* end = PyInt_FromLong(range->end);
+    PyList_SetItem(range_list, i, PyTuple_Pack(2, start, end));
+  }
+
+  return range_list;
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetContainingType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const Descriptor* containing_type =
+      _GetDescriptor(self)->containing_type();
+  if (containing_type) {
+    return PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(containing_type);
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  }
+}
+
+static int SetContainingType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                             void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("containing_type");
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetHasOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const MessageOptions& options(_GetDescriptor(self)->options());
+  if (&options != &MessageOptions::default_instance()) {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+  }
+}
+static int SetHasOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                             void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("has_options");
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return GetOrBuildOptions(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static int SetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                      void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("_options");
+}
+
+static int SetSerializedOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                                void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("_serialized_options");
+}
+
+static PyObject* CopyToProto(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *target) {
+  return CopyToPythonProto<DescriptorProto>(_GetDescriptor(self), target);
+}
+
+static PyObject* EnumValueName(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *args) {
+  const char *enum_name;
+  int number;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "si", &enum_name, &number))
+    return NULL;
+  const EnumDescriptor *enum_type =
+      _GetDescriptor(self)->FindEnumTypeByName(enum_name);
+  if (enum_type == NULL) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_KeyError, enum_name);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  const EnumValueDescriptor *enum_value =
+      enum_type->FindValueByNumber(number);
+  if (enum_value == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "%d", number);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return PyString_FromCppString(enum_value->name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetSyntax(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_InternFromString(
+      FileDescriptor::SyntaxName(_GetDescriptor(self)->file()->syntax()));
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+  { "name", (getter)GetName, NULL, "Last name"},
+  { "full_name", (getter)GetFullName, NULL, "Full name"},
+  { "_concrete_class", (getter)GetConcreteClass, NULL, "concrete class"},
+  { "file", (getter)GetFile, NULL, "File descriptor"},
+
+  { "fields", (getter)GetFieldsSeq, NULL, "Fields sequence"},
+  { "fields_by_name", (getter)GetFieldsByName, NULL, "Fields by name"},
+  { "fields_by_camelcase_name", (getter)GetFieldsByCamelcaseName, NULL,
+    "Fields by camelCase name"},
+  { "fields_by_number", (getter)GetFieldsByNumber, NULL, "Fields by number"},
+  { "nested_types", (getter)GetNestedTypesSeq, NULL, "Nested types sequence"},
+  { "nested_types_by_name", (getter)GetNestedTypesByName, NULL,
+    "Nested types by name"},
+  { "extensions", (getter)GetExtensions, NULL, "Extensions Sequence"},
+  { "extensions_by_name", (getter)GetExtensionsByName, NULL,
+    "Extensions by name"},
+  { "extension_ranges", (getter)GetExtensionRanges, NULL, "Extension ranges"},
+  { "enum_types", (getter)GetEnumsSeq, NULL, "Enum sequence"},
+  { "enum_types_by_name", (getter)GetEnumTypesByName, NULL,
+    "Enum types by name"},
+  { "enum_values_by_name", (getter)GetEnumValuesByName, NULL,
+    "Enum values by name"},
+  { "oneofs_by_name", (getter)GetOneofsByName, NULL, "Oneofs by name"},
+  { "oneofs", (getter)GetOneofsSeq, NULL, "Oneofs by name"},
+  { "containing_type", (getter)GetContainingType, (setter)SetContainingType,
+    "Containing type"},
+  { "is_extendable", (getter)IsExtendable, (setter)NULL},
+  { "has_options", (getter)GetHasOptions, (setter)SetHasOptions, "Has Options"},
+  { "_options", (getter)NULL, (setter)SetOptions, "Options"},
+  { "_serialized_options", (getter)NULL, (setter)SetSerializedOptions,
+    "Serialized Options"},
+  { "syntax", (getter)GetSyntax, (setter)NULL, "Syntax"},
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "GetOptions", (PyCFunction)GetOptions, METH_NOARGS, },
+  { "CopyToProto", (PyCFunction)CopyToProto, METH_O, },
+  { "EnumValueName", (PyCFunction)EnumValueName, METH_VARARGS, },
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+}  // namespace message_descriptor
+
+PyTypeObject PyMessageDescriptor_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".MessageDescriptor",  // tp_name
+  sizeof(PyBaseDescriptor),             // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                    // tp_itemsize
+  0,                                    // tp_dealloc
+  0,                                    // tp_print
+  0,                                    // tp_getattr
+  0,                                    // tp_setattr
+  0,                                    // tp_compare
+  0,                                    // tp_repr
+  0,                                    // tp_as_number
+  0,                                    // tp_as_sequence
+  0,                                    // tp_as_mapping
+  0,                                    // tp_hash
+  0,                                    // tp_call
+  0,                                    // tp_str
+  0,                                    // tp_getattro
+  0,                                    // tp_setattro
+  0,                                    // tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                   // tp_flags
+  "A Message Descriptor",               // tp_doc
+  0,                                    // tp_traverse
+  0,                                    // tp_clear
+  0,                                    // tp_richcompare
+  0,                                    // tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                    // tp_iter
+  0,                                    // tp_iternext
+  message_descriptor::Methods,          // tp_methods
+  0,                                    // tp_members
+  message_descriptor::Getters,          // tp_getset
+  &descriptor::PyBaseDescriptor_Type,   // tp_base
+};
+
+PyObject* PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const Descriptor* message_descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewInternedDescriptor(
+      &PyMessageDescriptor_Type, message_descriptor, NULL);
+}
+
+const Descriptor* PyMessageDescriptor_AsDescriptor(PyObject* obj) {
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, &PyMessageDescriptor_Type)) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Not a MessageDescriptor");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return reinterpret_cast<const Descriptor*>(
+      reinterpret_cast<PyBaseDescriptor*>(obj)->descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace field_descriptor {
+
+// Unchecked accessor to the C++ pointer.
+static const FieldDescriptor* _GetDescriptor(
+    PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const FieldDescriptor*>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFullName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->full_name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetName(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetCamelcaseName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->camelcase_name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetJsonName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->json_name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFile(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptor(_GetDescriptor(self)->file());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyInt_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->type());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetCppType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyInt_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->cpp_type());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetLabel(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyInt_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->label());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetNumber(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyInt_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->number());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetIndex(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyInt_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->index());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetID(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyLong_FromVoidPtr(self);
+}
+
+static PyObject* IsExtension(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyBool_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->is_extension());
+}
+
+static PyObject* HasDefaultValue(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyBool_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->has_default_value());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetDefaultValue(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  PyObject *result;
+
+  if (_GetDescriptor(self)->is_repeated()) {
+    return PyList_New(0);
+  }
+
+
+  switch (_GetDescriptor(self)->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
+      int32 value = _GetDescriptor(self)->default_value_int32();
+      result = PyInt_FromLong(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
+      int64 value = _GetDescriptor(self)->default_value_int64();
+      result = PyLong_FromLongLong(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
+      uint32 value = _GetDescriptor(self)->default_value_uint32();
+      result = PyInt_FromSize_t(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
+      uint64 value = _GetDescriptor(self)->default_value_uint64();
+      result = PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT: {
+      float value = _GetDescriptor(self)->default_value_float();
+      result = PyFloat_FromDouble(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      double value = _GetDescriptor(self)->default_value_double();
+      result = PyFloat_FromDouble(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL: {
+      bool value = _GetDescriptor(self)->default_value_bool();
+      result = PyBool_FromLong(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+      const std::string& value = _GetDescriptor(self)->default_value_string();
+      result = ToStringObject(_GetDescriptor(self), value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM: {
+      const EnumValueDescriptor* value =
+          _GetDescriptor(self)->default_value_enum();
+      result = PyInt_FromLong(value->number());
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      Py_RETURN_NONE;
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_NotImplementedError, "default value for %s",
+                   _GetDescriptor(self)->full_name().c_str());
+      return NULL;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetCDescriptor(PyObject *self, void *closure) {
+  Py_INCREF(self);
+  return self;
+}
+
+static PyObject *GetEnumType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const EnumDescriptor* enum_type = _GetDescriptor(self)->enum_type();
+  if (enum_type) {
+    return PyEnumDescriptor_FromDescriptor(enum_type);
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  }
+}
+
+static int SetEnumType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value, void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("enum_type");
+}
+
+static PyObject *GetMessageType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const Descriptor* message_type = _GetDescriptor(self)->message_type();
+  if (message_type) {
+    return PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(message_type);
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  }
+}
+
+static int SetMessageType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                          void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("message_type");
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetContainingType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const Descriptor* containing_type =
+      _GetDescriptor(self)->containing_type();
+  if (containing_type) {
+    return PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(containing_type);
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  }
+}
+
+static int SetContainingType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                             void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("containing_type");
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetExtensionScope(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const Descriptor* extension_scope =
+      _GetDescriptor(self)->extension_scope();
+  if (extension_scope) {
+    return PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(extension_scope);
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  }
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetContainingOneof(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const OneofDescriptor* containing_oneof =
+      _GetDescriptor(self)->containing_oneof();
+  if (containing_oneof) {
+    return PyOneofDescriptor_FromDescriptor(containing_oneof);
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  }
+}
+
+static int SetContainingOneof(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                              void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("containing_oneof");
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetHasOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const FieldOptions& options(_GetDescriptor(self)->options());
+  if (&options != &FieldOptions::default_instance()) {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+  }
+}
+static int SetHasOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                         void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("has_options");
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return GetOrBuildOptions(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static int SetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                      void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("_options");
+}
+
+static int SetSerializedOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                                void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("_serialized_options");
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+  { "full_name", (getter)GetFullName, NULL, "Full name"},
+  { "name", (getter)GetName, NULL, "Unqualified name"},
+  { "camelcase_name", (getter)GetCamelcaseName, NULL, "Camelcase name"},
+  { "json_name", (getter)GetJsonName, NULL, "Json name"},
+  { "file", (getter)GetFile, NULL, "File Descriptor"},
+  { "type", (getter)GetType, NULL, "C++ Type"},
+  { "cpp_type", (getter)GetCppType, NULL, "C++ Type"},
+  { "label", (getter)GetLabel, NULL, "Label"},
+  { "number", (getter)GetNumber, NULL, "Number"},
+  { "index", (getter)GetIndex, NULL, "Index"},
+  { "default_value", (getter)GetDefaultValue, NULL, "Default Value"},
+  { "has_default_value", (getter)HasDefaultValue},
+  { "is_extension", (getter)IsExtension, NULL, "ID"},
+  { "id", (getter)GetID, NULL, "ID"},
+  { "_cdescriptor", (getter)GetCDescriptor, NULL, "HAACK REMOVE ME"},
+
+  { "message_type", (getter)GetMessageType, (setter)SetMessageType,
+    "Message type"},
+  { "enum_type", (getter)GetEnumType, (setter)SetEnumType, "Enum type"},
+  { "containing_type", (getter)GetContainingType, (setter)SetContainingType,
+    "Containing type"},
+  { "extension_scope", (getter)GetExtensionScope, (setter)NULL,
+    "Extension scope"},
+  { "containing_oneof", (getter)GetContainingOneof, (setter)SetContainingOneof,
+    "Containing oneof"},
+  { "has_options", (getter)GetHasOptions, (setter)SetHasOptions, "Has Options"},
+  { "_options", (getter)NULL, (setter)SetOptions, "Options"},
+  { "_serialized_options", (getter)NULL, (setter)SetSerializedOptions,
+    "Serialized Options"},
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "GetOptions", (PyCFunction)GetOptions, METH_NOARGS, },
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+}  // namespace field_descriptor
+
+PyTypeObject PyFieldDescriptor_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".FieldDescriptor",  // tp_name
+  sizeof(PyBaseDescriptor),             // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                    // tp_itemsize
+  0,                                    // tp_dealloc
+  0,                                    // tp_print
+  0,                                    // tp_getattr
+  0,                                    // tp_setattr
+  0,                                    // tp_compare
+  0,                                    // tp_repr
+  0,                                    // tp_as_number
+  0,                                    // tp_as_sequence
+  0,                                    // tp_as_mapping
+  0,                                    // tp_hash
+  0,                                    // tp_call
+  0,                                    // tp_str
+  0,                                    // tp_getattro
+  0,                                    // tp_setattro
+  0,                                    // tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                   // tp_flags
+  "A Field Descriptor",                 // tp_doc
+  0,                                    // tp_traverse
+  0,                                    // tp_clear
+  0,                                    // tp_richcompare
+  0,                                    // tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                    // tp_iter
+  0,                                    // tp_iternext
+  field_descriptor::Methods,            // tp_methods
+  0,                                    // tp_members
+  field_descriptor::Getters,            // tp_getset
+  &descriptor::PyBaseDescriptor_Type,   // tp_base
+};
+
+PyObject* PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewInternedDescriptor(
+      &PyFieldDescriptor_Type, field_descriptor, NULL);
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* PyFieldDescriptor_AsDescriptor(PyObject* obj) {
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, &PyFieldDescriptor_Type)) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Not a FieldDescriptor");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return reinterpret_cast<const FieldDescriptor*>(
+      reinterpret_cast<PyBaseDescriptor*>(obj)->descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace enum_descriptor {
+
+// Unchecked accessor to the C++ pointer.
+static const EnumDescriptor* _GetDescriptor(
+    PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const EnumDescriptor*>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFullName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->full_name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetName(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFile(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptor(_GetDescriptor(self)->file());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetEnumvaluesByName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewEnumValuesByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetEnumvaluesByNumber(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewEnumValuesByNumber(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetEnumvaluesSeq(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewEnumValuesSeq(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetContainingType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const Descriptor* containing_type =
+      _GetDescriptor(self)->containing_type();
+  if (containing_type) {
+    return PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(containing_type);
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  }
+}
+
+static int SetContainingType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                             void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("containing_type");
+}
+
+
+static PyObject* GetHasOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const EnumOptions& options(_GetDescriptor(self)->options());
+  if (&options != &EnumOptions::default_instance()) {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+  }
+}
+static int SetHasOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                         void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("has_options");
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return GetOrBuildOptions(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static int SetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                      void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("_options");
+}
+
+static int SetSerializedOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                                void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("_serialized_options");
+}
+
+static PyObject* CopyToProto(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *target) {
+  return CopyToPythonProto<EnumDescriptorProto>(_GetDescriptor(self), target);
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "GetOptions", (PyCFunction)GetOptions, METH_NOARGS, },
+  { "CopyToProto", (PyCFunction)CopyToProto, METH_O, },
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+  { "full_name", (getter)GetFullName, NULL, "Full name"},
+  { "name", (getter)GetName, NULL, "last name"},
+  { "file", (getter)GetFile, NULL, "File descriptor"},
+  { "values", (getter)GetEnumvaluesSeq, NULL, "values"},
+  { "values_by_name", (getter)GetEnumvaluesByName, NULL,
+    "Enum values by name"},
+  { "values_by_number", (getter)GetEnumvaluesByNumber, NULL,
+    "Enum values by number"},
+
+  { "containing_type", (getter)GetContainingType, (setter)SetContainingType,
+    "Containing type"},
+  { "has_options", (getter)GetHasOptions, (setter)SetHasOptions, "Has Options"},
+  { "_options", (getter)NULL, (setter)SetOptions, "Options"},
+  { "_serialized_options", (getter)NULL, (setter)SetSerializedOptions,
+    "Serialized Options"},
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+}  // namespace enum_descriptor
+
+PyTypeObject PyEnumDescriptor_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".EnumDescriptor",   // tp_name
+  sizeof(PyBaseDescriptor),             // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                    // tp_itemsize
+  0,                                    // tp_dealloc
+  0,                                    // tp_print
+  0,                                    // tp_getattr
+  0,                                    // tp_setattr
+  0,                                    // tp_compare
+  0,                                    // tp_repr
+  0,                                    // tp_as_number
+  0,                                    // tp_as_sequence
+  0,                                    // tp_as_mapping
+  0,                                    // tp_hash
+  0,                                    // tp_call
+  0,                                    // tp_str
+  0,                                    // tp_getattro
+  0,                                    // tp_setattro
+  0,                                    // tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                   // tp_flags
+  "A Enum Descriptor",                  // tp_doc
+  0,                                    // tp_traverse
+  0,                                    // tp_clear
+  0,                                    // tp_richcompare
+  0,                                    // tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                    // tp_iter
+  0,                                    // tp_iternext
+  enum_descriptor::Methods,             // tp_methods
+  0,                                    // tp_members
+  enum_descriptor::Getters,             // tp_getset
+  &descriptor::PyBaseDescriptor_Type,   // tp_base
+};
+
+PyObject* PyEnumDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewInternedDescriptor(
+      &PyEnumDescriptor_Type, enum_descriptor, NULL);
+}
+
+const EnumDescriptor* PyEnumDescriptor_AsDescriptor(PyObject* obj) {
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, &PyEnumDescriptor_Type)) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Not an EnumDescriptor");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return reinterpret_cast<const EnumDescriptor*>(
+      reinterpret_cast<PyBaseDescriptor*>(obj)->descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace enumvalue_descriptor {
+
+// Unchecked accessor to the C++ pointer.
+static const EnumValueDescriptor* _GetDescriptor(
+    PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const EnumValueDescriptor*>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetName(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetNumber(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyInt_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->number());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetIndex(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyInt_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->index());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyEnumDescriptor_FromDescriptor(_GetDescriptor(self)->type());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetHasOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const EnumValueOptions& options(_GetDescriptor(self)->options());
+  if (&options != &EnumValueOptions::default_instance()) {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+  }
+}
+static int SetHasOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                         void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("has_options");
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return GetOrBuildOptions(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static int SetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                      void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("_options");
+}
+
+static int SetSerializedOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                                void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("_serialized_options");
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+  { "name", (getter)GetName, NULL, "name"},
+  { "number", (getter)GetNumber, NULL, "number"},
+  { "index", (getter)GetIndex, NULL, "index"},
+  { "type", (getter)GetType, NULL, "index"},
+
+  { "has_options", (getter)GetHasOptions, (setter)SetHasOptions, "Has Options"},
+  { "_options", (getter)NULL, (setter)SetOptions, "Options"},
+  { "_serialized_options", (getter)NULL, (setter)SetSerializedOptions,
+    "Serialized Options"},
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "GetOptions", (PyCFunction)GetOptions, METH_NOARGS, },
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+}  // namespace enumvalue_descriptor
+
+PyTypeObject PyEnumValueDescriptor_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".EnumValueDescriptor",  // tp_name
+  sizeof(PyBaseDescriptor),             // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                    // tp_itemsize
+  0,                                    // tp_dealloc
+  0,                                    // tp_print
+  0,                                    // tp_getattr
+  0,                                    // tp_setattr
+  0,                                    // tp_compare
+  0,                                    // tp_repr
+  0,                                    // tp_as_number
+  0,                                    // tp_as_sequence
+  0,                                    // tp_as_mapping
+  0,                                    // tp_hash
+  0,                                    // tp_call
+  0,                                    // tp_str
+  0,                                    // tp_getattro
+  0,                                    // tp_setattro
+  0,                                    // tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                   // tp_flags
+  "A EnumValue Descriptor",             // tp_doc
+  0,                                    // tp_traverse
+  0,                                    // tp_clear
+  0,                                    // tp_richcompare
+  0,                                    // tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                    // tp_iter
+  0,                                    // tp_iternext
+  enumvalue_descriptor::Methods,        // tp_methods
+  0,                                    // tp_members
+  enumvalue_descriptor::Getters,        // tp_getset
+  &descriptor::PyBaseDescriptor_Type,   // tp_base
+};
+
+PyObject* PyEnumValueDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* enumvalue_descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewInternedDescriptor(
+      &PyEnumValueDescriptor_Type, enumvalue_descriptor, NULL);
+}
+
+namespace file_descriptor {
+
+// Unchecked accessor to the C++ pointer.
+static const FileDescriptor* _GetDescriptor(PyFileDescriptor *self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const FileDescriptor*>(self->base.descriptor);
+}
+
+static void Dealloc(PyFileDescriptor* self) {
+  Py_XDECREF(self->serialized_pb);
+  descriptor::Dealloc(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetPool(PyFileDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  PyObject* pool = reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      GetDescriptorPool_FromPool(_GetDescriptor(self)->pool()));
+  Py_XINCREF(pool);
+  return pool;
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetName(PyFileDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetPackage(PyFileDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->package());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetSerializedPb(PyFileDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  PyObject *serialized_pb = self->serialized_pb;
+  if (serialized_pb != NULL) {
+    Py_INCREF(serialized_pb);
+    return serialized_pb;
+  }
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  _GetDescriptor(self)->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+  std::string contents;
+  file_proto.SerializePartialToString(&contents);
+  self->serialized_pb = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(
+      contents.c_str(), contents.size());
+  if (self->serialized_pb == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_INCREF(self->serialized_pb);
+  return self->serialized_pb;
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetMessageTypesByName(PyFileDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewFileMessageTypesByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetEnumTypesByName(PyFileDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewFileEnumTypesByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetExtensionsByName(PyFileDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewFileExtensionsByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetServicesByName(PyFileDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewFileServicesByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetDependencies(PyFileDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewFileDependencies(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetPublicDependencies(PyFileDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewFilePublicDependencies(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetHasOptions(PyFileDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const FileOptions& options(_GetDescriptor(self)->options());
+  if (&options != &FileOptions::default_instance()) {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+  }
+}
+static int SetHasOptions(PyFileDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                         void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("has_options");
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOptions(PyFileDescriptor *self) {
+  return GetOrBuildOptions(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static int SetOptions(PyFileDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                      void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("_options");
+}
+
+static int SetSerializedOptions(PyFileDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                                void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("_serialized_options");
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetSyntax(PyFileDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_InternFromString(
+      FileDescriptor::SyntaxName(_GetDescriptor(self)->syntax()));
+}
+
+static PyObject* CopyToProto(PyFileDescriptor *self, PyObject *target) {
+  return CopyToPythonProto<FileDescriptorProto>(_GetDescriptor(self), target);
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+  { "pool", (getter)GetPool, NULL, "pool"},
+  { "name", (getter)GetName, NULL, "name"},
+  { "package", (getter)GetPackage, NULL, "package"},
+  { "serialized_pb", (getter)GetSerializedPb},
+  { "message_types_by_name", (getter)GetMessageTypesByName, NULL,
+    "Messages by name"},
+  { "enum_types_by_name", (getter)GetEnumTypesByName, NULL, "Enums by name"},
+  { "extensions_by_name", (getter)GetExtensionsByName, NULL,
+    "Extensions by name"},
+  { "services_by_name", (getter)GetServicesByName, NULL, "Services by name"},
+  { "dependencies", (getter)GetDependencies, NULL, "Dependencies"},
+  { "public_dependencies", (getter)GetPublicDependencies, NULL, "Dependencies"},
+
+  { "has_options", (getter)GetHasOptions, (setter)SetHasOptions, "Has Options"},
+  { "_options", (getter)NULL, (setter)SetOptions, "Options"},
+  { "_serialized_options", (getter)NULL, (setter)SetSerializedOptions,
+    "Serialized Options"},
+  { "syntax", (getter)GetSyntax, (setter)NULL, "Syntax"},
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "GetOptions", (PyCFunction)GetOptions, METH_NOARGS, },
+  { "CopyToProto", (PyCFunction)CopyToProto, METH_O, },
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+}  // namespace file_descriptor
+
+PyTypeObject PyFileDescriptor_Type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0) FULL_MODULE_NAME
+    ".FileDescriptor",                     // tp_name
+    sizeof(PyFileDescriptor),              // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                     // tp_itemsize
+    (destructor)file_descriptor::Dealloc,  // tp_dealloc
+    0,                                     // tp_print
+    0,                                     // tp_getattr
+    0,                                     // tp_setattr
+    0,                                     // tp_compare
+    0,                                     // tp_repr
+    0,                                     // tp_as_number
+    0,                                     // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                     // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                     // tp_hash
+    0,                                     // tp_call
+    0,                                     // tp_str
+    0,                                     // tp_getattro
+    0,                                     // tp_setattro
+    0,                                     // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                    // tp_flags
+    "A File Descriptor",                   // tp_doc
+    0,                                     // tp_traverse
+    0,                                     // tp_clear
+    0,                                     // tp_richcompare
+    0,                                     // tp_weaklistoffset
+    0,                                     // tp_iter
+    0,                                     // tp_iternext
+    file_descriptor::Methods,              // tp_methods
+    0,                                     // tp_members
+    file_descriptor::Getters,              // tp_getset
+    &descriptor::PyBaseDescriptor_Type,    // tp_base
+    0,                                     // tp_dict
+    0,                                     // tp_descr_get
+    0,                                     // tp_descr_set
+    0,                                     // tp_dictoffset
+    0,                                     // tp_init
+    0,                                     // tp_alloc
+    0,                                     // tp_new
+    PyObject_GC_Del,                       // tp_free
+};
+
+PyObject* PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const FileDescriptor* file_descriptor) {
+  return PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptorWithSerializedPb(file_descriptor,
+                                                         NULL);
+}
+
+PyObject* PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptorWithSerializedPb(
+    const FileDescriptor* file_descriptor, PyObject *serialized_pb) {
+  bool was_created;
+  PyObject* py_descriptor = descriptor::NewInternedDescriptor(
+      &PyFileDescriptor_Type, file_descriptor, &was_created);
+  if (py_descriptor == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (was_created) {
+    PyFileDescriptor* cfile_descriptor =
+        reinterpret_cast<PyFileDescriptor*>(py_descriptor);
+    Py_XINCREF(serialized_pb);
+    cfile_descriptor->serialized_pb = serialized_pb;
+  }
+  // TODO(amauryfa): In the case of a cached object, check that serialized_pb
+  // is the same as before.
+
+  return py_descriptor;
+}
+
+const FileDescriptor* PyFileDescriptor_AsDescriptor(PyObject* obj) {
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, &PyFileDescriptor_Type)) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Not a FileDescriptor");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return reinterpret_cast<const FileDescriptor*>(
+      reinterpret_cast<PyBaseDescriptor*>(obj)->descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace oneof_descriptor {
+
+// Unchecked accessor to the C++ pointer.
+static const OneofDescriptor* _GetDescriptor(
+    PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const OneofDescriptor*>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFullName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->full_name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetIndex(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyInt_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->index());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFields(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewOneofFieldsSeq(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetContainingType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const Descriptor* containing_type =
+      _GetDescriptor(self)->containing_type();
+  if (containing_type) {
+    return PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(containing_type);
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  }
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetHasOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const OneofOptions& options(_GetDescriptor(self)->options());
+  if (&options != &OneofOptions::default_instance()) {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+  }
+}
+static int SetHasOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                         void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("has_options");
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return GetOrBuildOptions(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static int SetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                      void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("_options");
+}
+
+static int SetSerializedOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *value,
+                                void *closure) {
+  return CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile("_serialized_options");
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+  { "name", (getter)GetName, NULL, "Name"},
+  { "full_name", (getter)GetFullName, NULL, "Full name"},
+  { "index", (getter)GetIndex, NULL, "Index"},
+
+  { "containing_type", (getter)GetContainingType, NULL, "Containing type"},
+  { "has_options", (getter)GetHasOptions, (setter)SetHasOptions, "Has Options"},
+  { "_options", (getter)NULL, (setter)SetOptions, "Options"},
+  { "_serialized_options", (getter)NULL, (setter)SetSerializedOptions,
+    "Serialized Options"},
+  { "fields", (getter)GetFields, NULL, "Fields"},
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "GetOptions", (PyCFunction)GetOptions, METH_NOARGS },
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+}  // namespace oneof_descriptor
+
+PyTypeObject PyOneofDescriptor_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".OneofDescriptor",  // tp_name
+  sizeof(PyBaseDescriptor),             // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                    // tp_itemsize
+  0,                                    // tp_dealloc
+  0,                                    // tp_print
+  0,                                    // tp_getattr
+  0,                                    // tp_setattr
+  0,                                    // tp_compare
+  0,                                    // tp_repr
+  0,                                    // tp_as_number
+  0,                                    // tp_as_sequence
+  0,                                    // tp_as_mapping
+  0,                                    // tp_hash
+  0,                                    // tp_call
+  0,                                    // tp_str
+  0,                                    // tp_getattro
+  0,                                    // tp_setattro
+  0,                                    // tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                   // tp_flags
+  "A Oneof Descriptor",                 // tp_doc
+  0,                                    // tp_traverse
+  0,                                    // tp_clear
+  0,                                    // tp_richcompare
+  0,                                    // tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                    // tp_iter
+  0,                                    // tp_iternext
+  oneof_descriptor::Methods,            // tp_methods
+  0,                                    // tp_members
+  oneof_descriptor::Getters,            // tp_getset
+  &descriptor::PyBaseDescriptor_Type,   // tp_base
+};
+
+PyObject* PyOneofDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewInternedDescriptor(
+      &PyOneofDescriptor_Type, oneof_descriptor, NULL);
+}
+
+namespace service_descriptor {
+
+// Unchecked accessor to the C++ pointer.
+static const ServiceDescriptor* _GetDescriptor(
+    PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const ServiceDescriptor*>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFullName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->full_name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFile(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptor(_GetDescriptor(self)->file());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetIndex(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyInt_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->index());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetMethods(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewServiceMethodsSeq(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetMethodsByName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return NewServiceMethodsByName(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* FindMethodByName(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject* arg) {
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char* name;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const MethodDescriptor* method_descriptor =
+      _GetDescriptor(self)->FindMethodByName(std::string(name, name_size));
+  if (method_descriptor == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "Couldn't find method %.200s", name);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return PyMethodDescriptor_FromDescriptor(method_descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return GetOrBuildOptions(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* CopyToProto(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *target) {
+  return CopyToPythonProto<ServiceDescriptorProto>(_GetDescriptor(self),
+                                                   target);
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+  { "name", (getter)GetName, NULL, "Name", NULL},
+  { "full_name", (getter)GetFullName, NULL, "Full name", NULL},
+  { "file", (getter)GetFile, NULL, "File descriptor"},
+  { "index", (getter)GetIndex, NULL, "Index", NULL},
+
+  { "methods", (getter)GetMethods, NULL, "Methods", NULL},
+  { "methods_by_name", (getter)GetMethodsByName, NULL, "Methods by name", NULL},
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "GetOptions", (PyCFunction)GetOptions, METH_NOARGS },
+  { "CopyToProto", (PyCFunction)CopyToProto, METH_O, },
+  { "FindMethodByName", (PyCFunction)FindMethodByName, METH_O },
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+}  // namespace service_descriptor
+
+PyTypeObject PyServiceDescriptor_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".ServiceDescriptor",  // tp_name
+  sizeof(PyBaseDescriptor),             // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                    // tp_itemsize
+  0,                                    // tp_dealloc
+  0,                                    // tp_print
+  0,                                    // tp_getattr
+  0,                                    // tp_setattr
+  0,                                    // tp_compare
+  0,                                    // tp_repr
+  0,                                    // tp_as_number
+  0,                                    // tp_as_sequence
+  0,                                    // tp_as_mapping
+  0,                                    // tp_hash
+  0,                                    // tp_call
+  0,                                    // tp_str
+  0,                                    // tp_getattro
+  0,                                    // tp_setattro
+  0,                                    // tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                   // tp_flags
+  "A Service Descriptor",               // tp_doc
+  0,                                    // tp_traverse
+  0,                                    // tp_clear
+  0,                                    // tp_richcompare
+  0,                                    // tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                    // tp_iter
+  0,                                    // tp_iternext
+  service_descriptor::Methods,          // tp_methods
+  0,                                    // tp_members
+  service_descriptor::Getters,          // tp_getset
+  &descriptor::PyBaseDescriptor_Type,   // tp_base
+};
+
+PyObject* PyServiceDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const ServiceDescriptor* service_descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewInternedDescriptor(
+      &PyServiceDescriptor_Type, service_descriptor, NULL);
+}
+
+const ServiceDescriptor* PyServiceDescriptor_AsDescriptor(PyObject* obj) {
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, &PyServiceDescriptor_Type)) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Not a ServiceDescriptor");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return reinterpret_cast<const ServiceDescriptor*>(
+      reinterpret_cast<PyBaseDescriptor*>(obj)->descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace method_descriptor {
+
+// Unchecked accessor to the C++ pointer.
+static const MethodDescriptor* _GetDescriptor(
+    PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const MethodDescriptor*>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFullName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->full_name());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetIndex(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  return PyInt_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->index());
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetContainingService(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const ServiceDescriptor* containing_service =
+      _GetDescriptor(self)->service();
+  return PyServiceDescriptor_FromDescriptor(containing_service);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetInputType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const Descriptor* input_type = _GetDescriptor(self)->input_type();
+  return PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(input_type);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOutputType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
+  const Descriptor* output_type = _GetDescriptor(self)->output_type();
+  return PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(output_type);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetOptions(PyBaseDescriptor *self) {
+  return GetOrBuildOptions(_GetDescriptor(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* CopyToProto(PyBaseDescriptor *self, PyObject *target) {
+  return CopyToPythonProto<MethodDescriptorProto>(_GetDescriptor(self), target);
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+  { "name", (getter)GetName, NULL, "Name", NULL},
+  { "full_name", (getter)GetFullName, NULL, "Full name", NULL},
+  { "index", (getter)GetIndex, NULL, "Index", NULL},
+  { "containing_service", (getter)GetContainingService, NULL,
+    "Containing service", NULL},
+  { "input_type", (getter)GetInputType, NULL, "Input type", NULL},
+  { "output_type", (getter)GetOutputType, NULL, "Output type", NULL},
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "GetOptions", (PyCFunction)GetOptions, METH_NOARGS, },
+  { "CopyToProto", (PyCFunction)CopyToProto, METH_O, },
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+}  // namespace method_descriptor
+
+PyTypeObject PyMethodDescriptor_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".MethodDescriptor",  // tp_name
+  sizeof(PyBaseDescriptor),             // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                    // tp_itemsize
+  0,                                    // tp_dealloc
+  0,                                    // tp_print
+  0,                                    // tp_getattr
+  0,                                    // tp_setattr
+  0,                                    // tp_compare
+  0,                                    // tp_repr
+  0,                                    // tp_as_number
+  0,                                    // tp_as_sequence
+  0,                                    // tp_as_mapping
+  0,                                    // tp_hash
+  0,                                    // tp_call
+  0,                                    // tp_str
+  0,                                    // tp_getattro
+  0,                                    // tp_setattro
+  0,                                    // tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                   // tp_flags
+  "A Method Descriptor",                // tp_doc
+  0,                                    // tp_traverse
+  0,                                    // tp_clear
+  0,                                    // tp_richcompare
+  0,                                    // tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                    // tp_iter
+  0,                                    // tp_iternext
+  method_descriptor::Methods,           // tp_methods
+  0,                                    // tp_members
+  method_descriptor::Getters,           // tp_getset
+  &descriptor::PyBaseDescriptor_Type,   // tp_base
+};
+
+PyObject* PyMethodDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const MethodDescriptor* method_descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewInternedDescriptor(
+      &PyMethodDescriptor_Type, method_descriptor, NULL);
+}
+
+// Add a enum values to a type dictionary.
+static bool AddEnumValues(PyTypeObject *type,
+                          const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < enum_descriptor->value_count(); ++i) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value = enum_descriptor->value(i);
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr obj(PyInt_FromLong(value->number()));
+    if (obj == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (PyDict_SetItemString(type->tp_dict, value->name().c_str(), obj.get()) <
+        0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool AddIntConstant(PyTypeObject *type, const char* name, int value) {
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr obj(PyInt_FromLong(value));
+  if (PyDict_SetItemString(type->tp_dict, name, obj.get()) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+bool InitDescriptor() {
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyMessageDescriptor_Type) < 0)
+    return false;
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyFieldDescriptor_Type) < 0)
+    return false;
+
+  if (!AddEnumValues(&PyFieldDescriptor_Type,
+                     FieldDescriptorProto::Label_descriptor())) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!AddEnumValues(&PyFieldDescriptor_Type,
+                     FieldDescriptorProto::Type_descriptor())) {
+    return false;
+  }
+#define ADD_FIELDDESC_CONSTANT(NAME) AddIntConstant( \
+    &PyFieldDescriptor_Type, #NAME, FieldDescriptor::NAME)
+  if (!ADD_FIELDDESC_CONSTANT(CPPTYPE_INT32) ||
+      !ADD_FIELDDESC_CONSTANT(CPPTYPE_INT64) ||
+      !ADD_FIELDDESC_CONSTANT(CPPTYPE_UINT32) ||
+      !ADD_FIELDDESC_CONSTANT(CPPTYPE_UINT64) ||
+      !ADD_FIELDDESC_CONSTANT(CPPTYPE_DOUBLE) ||
+      !ADD_FIELDDESC_CONSTANT(CPPTYPE_FLOAT) ||
+      !ADD_FIELDDESC_CONSTANT(CPPTYPE_BOOL) ||
+      !ADD_FIELDDESC_CONSTANT(CPPTYPE_ENUM) ||
+      !ADD_FIELDDESC_CONSTANT(CPPTYPE_STRING) ||
+      !ADD_FIELDDESC_CONSTANT(CPPTYPE_MESSAGE)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+#undef ADD_FIELDDESC_CONSTANT
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyEnumDescriptor_Type) < 0)
+    return false;
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyEnumValueDescriptor_Type) < 0)
+    return false;
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyFileDescriptor_Type) < 0)
+    return false;
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyOneofDescriptor_Type) < 0)
+    return false;
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyServiceDescriptor_Type) < 0)
+    return false;
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyMethodDescriptor_Type) < 0)
+    return false;
+
+  if (!InitDescriptorMappingTypes())
+    return false;
+
+  // Initialize globals defined in this file.
+  interned_descriptors = new std::unordered_map<const void*, PyObject*>;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..327ba4b3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: petar@google.com (Petar Petrov)
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_DESCRIPTOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_DESCRIPTOR_H__
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+extern PyTypeObject PyMessageDescriptor_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject PyFieldDescriptor_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject PyEnumDescriptor_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject PyEnumValueDescriptor_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject PyFileDescriptor_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject PyOneofDescriptor_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject PyServiceDescriptor_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject PyMethodDescriptor_Type;
+
+// Wraps a Descriptor in a Python object.
+// The C++ pointer is usually borrowed from the global DescriptorPool.
+// In any case, it must stay alive as long as the Python object.
+// Returns a new reference.
+PyObject* PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* PyEnumDescriptor_FromDescriptor(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* PyEnumValueDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* PyOneofDescriptor_FromDescriptor(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const FileDescriptor* file_descriptor);
+PyObject* PyServiceDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* PyMethodDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+    const MethodDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Alternate constructor of PyFileDescriptor, used when we already have a
+// serialized FileDescriptorProto that can be cached.
+// Returns a new reference.
+PyObject* PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptorWithSerializedPb(
+    const FileDescriptor* file_descriptor, PyObject* serialized_pb);
+
+// Return the C++ descriptor pointer.
+// This function checks the parameter type; on error, return NULL with a Python
+// exception set.
+const Descriptor* PyMessageDescriptor_AsDescriptor(PyObject* obj);
+const FieldDescriptor* PyFieldDescriptor_AsDescriptor(PyObject* obj);
+const EnumDescriptor* PyEnumDescriptor_AsDescriptor(PyObject* obj);
+const FileDescriptor* PyFileDescriptor_AsDescriptor(PyObject* obj);
+const ServiceDescriptor* PyServiceDescriptor_AsDescriptor(PyObject* obj);
+
+// Returns the raw C++ pointer.
+const void* PyDescriptor_AsVoidPtr(PyObject* obj);
+
+// Check that the calling Python code is the global scope of a _pb2.py module.
+// This function is used to support the current code generated by the proto
+// compiler, which insists on modifying descriptors after they have been
+// created.
+//
+// stacklevel indicates which Python frame should be the _pb2.py module.
+//
+// Don't use this function outside descriptor classes.
+bool _CalledFromGeneratedFile(int stacklevel);
+
+bool InitDescriptor();
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_DESCRIPTOR_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..865f0c0a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1793 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Mappings and Sequences of descriptors.
+// Used by Descriptor.fields_by_name, EnumDescriptor.values...
+//
+// They avoid the allocation of a full dictionary or a full list: they simply
+// store a pointer to the parent descriptor, use the C++ Descriptor methods (see
+// net/proto2/public/descriptor.h) to retrieve other descriptors, and create
+// Python objects on the fly.
+//
+// The containers fully conform to abc.Mapping and abc.Sequence, and behave just
+// like read-only dictionaries and lists.
+//
+// Because the interface of C++ Descriptors is quite regular, this file actually
+// defines only three types, the exact behavior of a container is controlled by
+// a DescriptorContainerDef structure, which contains functions that uses the
+// public Descriptor API.
+//
+// Note: This DescriptorContainerDef is similar to the "virtual methods table"
+// that a C++ compiler generates for a class. We have to make it explicit
+// because the Python API is based on C, and does not play well with C++
+// inheritance.
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  #define PyString_FromStringAndSize PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize
+  #define PyString_FromFormat PyUnicode_FromFormat
+  #define PyInt_FromLong PyLong_FromLong
+  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03030000
+    #error "Python 3.0 - 3.2 are not supported."
+  #endif
+#define PyString_AsStringAndSize(ob, charpp, sizep)                           \
+  (PyUnicode_Check(ob) ? ((*(charpp) = const_cast<char*>(                     \
+                               PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(ob, (sizep)))) == NULL \
+                              ? -1                                            \
+                              : 0)                                            \
+                       : PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(ob, (charpp), (sizep)))
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+struct PyContainer;
+
+typedef int (*CountMethod)(PyContainer* self);
+typedef const void* (*GetByIndexMethod)(PyContainer* self, int index);
+typedef const void* (*GetByNameMethod)(PyContainer* self,
+                                       const std::string& name);
+typedef const void* (*GetByCamelcaseNameMethod)(PyContainer* self,
+                                                const std::string& name);
+typedef const void* (*GetByNumberMethod)(PyContainer* self, int index);
+typedef PyObject* (*NewObjectFromItemMethod)(const void* descriptor);
+typedef const std::string& (*GetItemNameMethod)(const void* descriptor);
+typedef const std::string& (*GetItemCamelcaseNameMethod)(
+    const void* descriptor);
+typedef int (*GetItemNumberMethod)(const void* descriptor);
+typedef int (*GetItemIndexMethod)(const void* descriptor);
+
+struct DescriptorContainerDef {
+  const char* mapping_name;
+  // Returns the number of items in the container.
+  CountMethod count_fn;
+  // Retrieve item by index (usually the order of declaration in the proto file)
+  // Used by sequences, but also iterators. 0 <= index < Count().
+  GetByIndexMethod get_by_index_fn;
+  // Retrieve item by name (usually a call to some 'FindByName' method).
+  // Used by "by_name" mappings.
+  GetByNameMethod get_by_name_fn;
+  // Retrieve item by camelcase name (usually a call to some
+  // 'FindByCamelcaseName' method). Used by "by_camelcase_name" mappings.
+  GetByCamelcaseNameMethod get_by_camelcase_name_fn;
+  // Retrieve item by declared number (field tag, or enum value).
+  // Used by "by_number" mappings.
+  GetByNumberMethod get_by_number_fn;
+  // Converts a item C++ descriptor to a Python object. Returns a new reference.
+  NewObjectFromItemMethod new_object_from_item_fn;
+  // Retrieve the name of an item. Used by iterators on "by_name" mappings.
+  GetItemNameMethod get_item_name_fn;
+  // Retrieve the camelcase name of an item. Used by iterators on
+  // "by_camelcase_name" mappings.
+  GetItemCamelcaseNameMethod get_item_camelcase_name_fn;
+  // Retrieve the number of an item. Used by iterators on "by_number" mappings.
+  GetItemNumberMethod get_item_number_fn;
+  // Retrieve the index of an item for the container type.
+  // Used by "__contains__".
+  // If not set, "x in sequence" will do a linear search.
+  GetItemIndexMethod get_item_index_fn;
+};
+
+struct PyContainer {
+  PyObject_HEAD
+
+  // The proto2 descriptor this container belongs to the global DescriptorPool.
+  const void* descriptor;
+
+  // A pointer to a static structure with function pointers that control the
+  // behavior of the container. Very similar to the table of virtual functions
+  // of a C++ class.
+  const DescriptorContainerDef* container_def;
+
+  // The kind of container: list, or dict by name or value.
+  enum ContainerKind {
+    KIND_SEQUENCE,
+    KIND_BYNAME,
+    KIND_BYCAMELCASENAME,
+    KIND_BYNUMBER,
+  } kind;
+};
+
+struct PyContainerIterator {
+  PyObject_HEAD
+
+  // The container we are iterating over. Own a reference.
+  PyContainer* container;
+
+  // The current index in the iterator.
+  int index;
+
+  // The kind of container: list, or dict by name or value.
+  enum IterKind {
+    KIND_ITERKEY,
+    KIND_ITERVALUE,
+    KIND_ITERITEM,
+    KIND_ITERVALUE_REVERSED,  // For sequences
+  } kind;
+};
+
+namespace descriptor {
+
+// Returns the C++ item descriptor for a given Python key.
+// When the descriptor is found, return true and set *item.
+// When the descriptor is not found, return true, but set *item to NULL.
+// On error, returns false with an exception set.
+static bool _GetItemByKey(PyContainer* self, PyObject* key, const void** item) {
+  switch (self->kind) {
+    case PyContainer::KIND_BYNAME:
+      {
+        char* name;
+        Py_ssize_t name_size;
+        if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(key, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+          if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError)) {
+            // Not a string, cannot be in the container.
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            *item = NULL;
+            return true;
+          }
+          return false;
+        }
+        *item = self->container_def->get_by_name_fn(
+            self, std::string(name, name_size));
+        return true;
+      }
+    case PyContainer::KIND_BYCAMELCASENAME:
+      {
+        char* camelcase_name;
+        Py_ssize_t name_size;
+        if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(key, &camelcase_name, &name_size) < 0) {
+          if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError)) {
+            // Not a string, cannot be in the container.
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            *item = NULL;
+            return true;
+          }
+          return false;
+        }
+        *item = self->container_def->get_by_camelcase_name_fn(
+            self, std::string(camelcase_name, name_size));
+        return true;
+      }
+    case PyContainer::KIND_BYNUMBER:
+      {
+        Py_ssize_t number = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(key, NULL);
+        if (number == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+          if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError)) {
+            // Not a number, cannot be in the container.
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            *item = NULL;
+            return true;
+          }
+          return false;
+        }
+        *item = self->container_def->get_by_number_fn(self, number);
+        return true;
+      }
+    default:
+      PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_NotImplementedError);
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns the key of the object at the given index.
+// Used when iterating over mappings.
+static PyObject* _NewKey_ByIndex(PyContainer* self, Py_ssize_t index) {
+  const void* item = self->container_def->get_by_index_fn(self, index);
+  switch (self->kind) {
+    case PyContainer::KIND_BYNAME:
+      {
+      const std::string& name(self->container_def->get_item_name_fn(item));
+      return PyString_FromStringAndSize(name.c_str(), name.size());
+      }
+    case PyContainer::KIND_BYCAMELCASENAME:
+      {
+      const std::string& name(
+          self->container_def->get_item_camelcase_name_fn(item));
+      return PyString_FromStringAndSize(name.c_str(), name.size());
+      }
+    case PyContainer::KIND_BYNUMBER:
+      {
+        int value = self->container_def->get_item_number_fn(item);
+        return PyInt_FromLong(value);
+      }
+    default:
+      PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_NotImplementedError);
+      return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns the object at the given index.
+// Also used when iterating over mappings.
+static PyObject* _NewObj_ByIndex(PyContainer* self, Py_ssize_t index) {
+  return self->container_def->new_object_from_item_fn(
+      self->container_def->get_by_index_fn(self, index));
+}
+
+static Py_ssize_t Length(PyContainer* self) {
+  return self->container_def->count_fn(self);
+}
+
+// The DescriptorMapping type.
+
+static PyObject* Subscript(PyContainer* self, PyObject* key) {
+  const void* item = NULL;
+  if (!_GetItemByKey(self, key, &item)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (!item) {
+    PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_KeyError, key);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return self->container_def->new_object_from_item_fn(item);
+}
+
+static int AssSubscript(PyContainer* self, PyObject* key, PyObject* value) {
+  if (_CalledFromGeneratedFile(0)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+               "'%.200s' object does not support item assignment",
+               Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name);
+  return -1;
+}
+
+static PyMappingMethods MappingMappingMethods = {
+  (lenfunc)Length,               // mp_length
+  (binaryfunc)Subscript,         // mp_subscript
+  (objobjargproc)AssSubscript,   // mp_ass_subscript
+};
+
+static int Contains(PyContainer* self, PyObject* key) {
+  const void* item = NULL;
+  if (!_GetItemByKey(self, key, &item)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (item) {
+    return 1;
+  } else {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static PyObject* ContainerRepr(PyContainer* self) {
+  const char* kind = "";
+  switch (self->kind) {
+    case PyContainer::KIND_SEQUENCE:
+      kind = "sequence";
+      break;
+    case PyContainer::KIND_BYNAME:
+      kind = "mapping by name";
+      break;
+    case PyContainer::KIND_BYCAMELCASENAME:
+      kind = "mapping by camelCase name";
+      break;
+    case PyContainer::KIND_BYNUMBER:
+      kind = "mapping by number";
+      break;
+  }
+  return PyString_FromFormat(
+      "<%s %s>", self->container_def->mapping_name, kind);
+}
+
+extern PyTypeObject DescriptorMapping_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject DescriptorSequence_Type;
+
+// A sequence container can only be equal to another sequence container, or (for
+// backward compatibility) to a list containing the same items.
+// Returns 1 if equal, 0 if unequal, -1 on error.
+static int DescriptorSequence_Equal(PyContainer* self, PyObject* other) {
+  // Check the identity of C++ pointers.
+  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(other, &DescriptorSequence_Type)) {
+    PyContainer* other_container = reinterpret_cast<PyContainer*>(other);
+    if (self->descriptor == other_container->descriptor &&
+        self->container_def == other_container->container_def &&
+        self->kind == other_container->kind) {
+      return 1;
+    } else {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If other is a list
+  if (PyList_Check(other)) {
+    // return list(self) == other
+    int size = Length(self);
+    if (size != PyList_Size(other)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) {
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr value1(_NewObj_ByIndex(self, index));
+      if (value1 == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      PyObject* value2 = PyList_GetItem(other, index);
+      if (value2 == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      int cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(value1.get(), value2, Py_EQ);
+      if (cmp != 1)  // error or not equal
+          return cmp;
+    }
+    // All items were found and equal
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  // Any other object is different.
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// A mapping container can only be equal to another mapping container, or (for
+// backward compatibility) to a dict containing the same items.
+// Returns 1 if equal, 0 if unequal, -1 on error.
+static int DescriptorMapping_Equal(PyContainer* self, PyObject* other) {
+  // Check the identity of C++ pointers.
+  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(other, &DescriptorMapping_Type)) {
+    PyContainer* other_container = reinterpret_cast<PyContainer*>(other);
+    if (self->descriptor == other_container->descriptor &&
+        self->container_def == other_container->container_def &&
+        self->kind == other_container->kind) {
+      return 1;
+    } else {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If other is a dict
+  if (PyDict_Check(other)) {
+    // equivalent to dict(self.items()) == other
+    int size = Length(self);
+    if (size != PyDict_Size(other)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) {
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr key(_NewKey_ByIndex(self, index));
+      if (key == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr value1(_NewObj_ByIndex(self, index));
+      if (value1 == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      PyObject* value2 = PyDict_GetItem(other, key.get());
+      if (value2 == NULL) {
+        // Not found in the other dictionary
+        return 0;
+      }
+      int cmp = PyObject_RichCompareBool(value1.get(), value2, Py_EQ);
+      if (cmp != 1)  // error or not equal
+          return cmp;
+    }
+    // All items were found and equal
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  // Any other object is different.
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static PyObject* RichCompare(PyContainer* self, PyObject* other, int opid) {
+  if (opid != Py_EQ && opid != Py_NE) {
+    Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
+    return Py_NotImplemented;
+  }
+
+  int result;
+
+  if (self->kind == PyContainer::KIND_SEQUENCE) {
+    result = DescriptorSequence_Equal(self, other);
+  } else {
+    result = DescriptorMapping_Equal(self, other);
+  }
+  if (result < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (result ^ (opid == Py_NE)) {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+  }
+}
+
+static PySequenceMethods MappingSequenceMethods = {
+    0,                      // sq_length
+    0,                      // sq_concat
+    0,                      // sq_repeat
+    0,                      // sq_item
+    0,                      // sq_slice
+    0,                      // sq_ass_item
+    0,                      // sq_ass_slice
+    (objobjproc)Contains,   // sq_contains
+};
+
+static PyObject* Get(PyContainer* self, PyObject* args) {
+  PyObject* key;
+  PyObject* default_value = Py_None;
+  if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "get", 1, 2, &key, &default_value)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const void* item;
+  if (!_GetItemByKey(self, key, &item)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (item == NULL) {
+    Py_INCREF(default_value);
+    return default_value;
+  }
+  return self->container_def->new_object_from_item_fn(item);
+}
+
+static PyObject* Keys(PyContainer* self, PyObject* args) {
+  Py_ssize_t count = Length(self);
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr list(PyList_New(count));
+  if (list == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  for (Py_ssize_t index = 0; index < count; ++index) {
+    PyObject* key = _NewKey_ByIndex(self, index);
+    if (key == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    PyList_SET_ITEM(list.get(), index, key);
+  }
+  return list.release();
+}
+
+static PyObject* Values(PyContainer* self, PyObject* args) {
+  Py_ssize_t count = Length(self);
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr list(PyList_New(count));
+  if (list == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  for (Py_ssize_t index = 0; index < count; ++index) {
+    PyObject* value = _NewObj_ByIndex(self, index);
+    if (value == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    PyList_SET_ITEM(list.get(), index, value);
+  }
+  return list.release();
+}
+
+static PyObject* Items(PyContainer* self, PyObject* args) {
+  Py_ssize_t count = Length(self);
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr list(PyList_New(count));
+  if (list == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  for (Py_ssize_t index = 0; index < count; ++index) {
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr obj(PyTuple_New(2));
+    if (obj == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject* key = _NewKey_ByIndex(self, index);
+    if (key == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(obj.get(), 0, key);
+    PyObject* value = _NewObj_ByIndex(self, index);
+    if (value == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(obj.get(), 1, value);
+    PyList_SET_ITEM(list.get(), index, obj.release());
+  }
+  return list.release();
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewContainerIterator(PyContainer* mapping,
+                                      PyContainerIterator::IterKind kind);
+
+static PyObject* Iter(PyContainer* self) {
+  return NewContainerIterator(self, PyContainerIterator::KIND_ITERKEY);
+}
+static PyObject* IterKeys(PyContainer* self, PyObject* args) {
+  return NewContainerIterator(self, PyContainerIterator::KIND_ITERKEY);
+}
+static PyObject* IterValues(PyContainer* self, PyObject* args) {
+  return NewContainerIterator(self, PyContainerIterator::KIND_ITERVALUE);
+}
+static PyObject* IterItems(PyContainer* self, PyObject* args) {
+  return NewContainerIterator(self, PyContainerIterator::KIND_ITERITEM);
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef MappingMethods[] = {
+  { "get", (PyCFunction)Get, METH_VARARGS, },
+  { "keys", (PyCFunction)Keys, METH_NOARGS, },
+  { "values", (PyCFunction)Values, METH_NOARGS, },
+  { "items", (PyCFunction)Items, METH_NOARGS, },
+  { "iterkeys", (PyCFunction)IterKeys, METH_NOARGS, },
+  { "itervalues", (PyCFunction)IterValues, METH_NOARGS, },
+  { "iteritems", (PyCFunction)IterItems, METH_NOARGS, },
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+PyTypeObject DescriptorMapping_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  "DescriptorMapping",                  // tp_name
+  sizeof(PyContainer),                  // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                    // tp_itemsize
+  0,                                    // tp_dealloc
+  0,                                    // tp_print
+  0,                                    // tp_getattr
+  0,                                    // tp_setattr
+  0,                                    // tp_compare
+  (reprfunc)ContainerRepr,              // tp_repr
+  0,                                    // tp_as_number
+  &MappingSequenceMethods,              // tp_as_sequence
+  &MappingMappingMethods,               // tp_as_mapping
+  0,                                    // tp_hash
+  0,                                    // tp_call
+  0,                                    // tp_str
+  0,                                    // tp_getattro
+  0,                                    // tp_setattro
+  0,                                    // tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                   // tp_flags
+  0,                                    // tp_doc
+  0,                                    // tp_traverse
+  0,                                    // tp_clear
+  (richcmpfunc)RichCompare,             // tp_richcompare
+  0,                                    // tp_weaklistoffset
+  (getiterfunc)Iter,                    // tp_iter
+  0,                                    // tp_iternext
+  MappingMethods,                       // tp_methods
+  0,                                    // tp_members
+  0,                                    // tp_getset
+  0,                                    // tp_base
+  0,                                    // tp_dict
+  0,                                    // tp_descr_get
+  0,                                    // tp_descr_set
+  0,                                    // tp_dictoffset
+  0,                                    // tp_init
+  0,                                    // tp_alloc
+  0,                                    // tp_new
+  0,                                    // tp_free
+};
+
+// The DescriptorSequence type.
+
+static PyObject* GetItem(PyContainer* self, Py_ssize_t index) {
+  if (index < 0) {
+    index += Length(self);
+  }
+  if (index < 0 || index >= Length(self)) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, "index out of range");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return _NewObj_ByIndex(self, index);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+SeqSubscript(PyContainer* self, PyObject* item) {
+  if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
+      Py_ssize_t index;
+      index = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
+      if (index == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
+          return NULL;
+      return GetItem(self, index);
+  }
+  // Materialize the list and delegate the operation to it.
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr list(PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(
+      reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&PyList_Type), self, NULL));
+  if (list == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return Py_TYPE(list.get())->tp_as_mapping->mp_subscript(list.get(), item);
+}
+
+// Returns the position of the item in the sequence, of -1 if not found.
+// This function never fails.
+int Find(PyContainer* self, PyObject* item) {
+  // The item can only be in one position: item.index.
+  // Check that self[item.index] == item, it's faster than a linear search.
+  //
+  // This assumes that sequences are only defined by syntax of the .proto file:
+  // a specific item belongs to only one sequence, depending on its position in
+  // the .proto file definition.
+  const void* descriptor_ptr = PyDescriptor_AsVoidPtr(item);
+  if (descriptor_ptr == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Clear();
+    // Not a descriptor, it cannot be in the list.
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (self->container_def->get_item_index_fn) {
+    int index = self->container_def->get_item_index_fn(descriptor_ptr);
+    if (index < 0 || index >= Length(self)) {
+      // This index is not from this collection.
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (self->container_def->get_by_index_fn(self, index) != descriptor_ptr) {
+      // The descriptor at this index is not the same.
+      return -1;
+    }
+    // self[item.index] == item, so return the index.
+    return index;
+  } else {
+    // Fall back to linear search.
+    int length = Length(self);
+    for (int index=0; index < length; index++) {
+      if (self->container_def->get_by_index_fn(self, index) == descriptor_ptr) {
+        return index;
+      }
+    }
+    // Not found
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+
+// Implements list.index(): the position of the item is in the sequence.
+static PyObject* Index(PyContainer* self, PyObject* item) {
+  int position = Find(self, item);
+  if (position < 0) {
+    // Not found
+    PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_ValueError);
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    return PyInt_FromLong(position);
+  }
+}
+// Implements "list.__contains__()": is the object in the sequence.
+static int SeqContains(PyContainer* self, PyObject* item) {
+  int position = Find(self, item);
+  if (position < 0) {
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+// Implements list.count(): number of occurrences of the item in the sequence.
+// An item can only appear once in a sequence. If it exists, return 1.
+static PyObject* Count(PyContainer* self, PyObject* item) {
+  int position = Find(self, item);
+  if (position < 0) {
+    return PyInt_FromLong(0);
+  } else {
+    return PyInt_FromLong(1);
+  }
+}
+
+static PyObject* Append(PyContainer* self, PyObject* args) {
+  if (_CalledFromGeneratedFile(0)) {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  }
+  PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+               "'%.200s' object is not a mutable sequence",
+               Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject* Reversed(PyContainer* self, PyObject* args) {
+  return NewContainerIterator(self,
+                              PyContainerIterator::KIND_ITERVALUE_REVERSED);
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef SeqMethods[] = {
+  { "index", (PyCFunction)Index, METH_O, },
+  { "count", (PyCFunction)Count, METH_O, },
+  { "append", (PyCFunction)Append, METH_O, },
+  { "__reversed__", (PyCFunction)Reversed, METH_NOARGS, },
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+static PySequenceMethods SeqSequenceMethods = {
+  (lenfunc)Length,          // sq_length
+  0,                        // sq_concat
+  0,                        // sq_repeat
+  (ssizeargfunc)GetItem,    // sq_item
+  0,                        // sq_slice
+  0,                        // sq_ass_item
+  0,                        // sq_ass_slice
+  (objobjproc)SeqContains,  // sq_contains
+};
+
+static PyMappingMethods SeqMappingMethods = {
+  (lenfunc)Length,           // mp_length
+  (binaryfunc)SeqSubscript,  // mp_subscript
+  0,                         // mp_ass_subscript
+};
+
+PyTypeObject DescriptorSequence_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  "DescriptorSequence",                 // tp_name
+  sizeof(PyContainer),                  // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                    // tp_itemsize
+  0,                                    // tp_dealloc
+  0,                                    // tp_print
+  0,                                    // tp_getattr
+  0,                                    // tp_setattr
+  0,                                    // tp_compare
+  (reprfunc)ContainerRepr,              // tp_repr
+  0,                                    // tp_as_number
+  &SeqSequenceMethods,                  // tp_as_sequence
+  &SeqMappingMethods,                   // tp_as_mapping
+  0,                                    // tp_hash
+  0,                                    // tp_call
+  0,                                    // tp_str
+  0,                                    // tp_getattro
+  0,                                    // tp_setattro
+  0,                                    // tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                   // tp_flags
+  0,                                    // tp_doc
+  0,                                    // tp_traverse
+  0,                                    // tp_clear
+  (richcmpfunc)RichCompare,             // tp_richcompare
+  0,                                    // tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                    // tp_iter
+  0,                                    // tp_iternext
+  SeqMethods,                           // tp_methods
+  0,                                    // tp_members
+  0,                                    // tp_getset
+  0,                                    // tp_base
+  0,                                    // tp_dict
+  0,                                    // tp_descr_get
+  0,                                    // tp_descr_set
+  0,                                    // tp_dictoffset
+  0,                                    // tp_init
+  0,                                    // tp_alloc
+  0,                                    // tp_new
+  0,                                    // tp_free
+};
+
+static PyObject* NewMappingByName(
+    DescriptorContainerDef* container_def, const void* descriptor) {
+  PyContainer* self = PyObject_New(PyContainer, &DescriptorMapping_Type);
+  if (self == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  self->descriptor = descriptor;
+  self->container_def = container_def;
+  self->kind = PyContainer::KIND_BYNAME;
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewMappingByCamelcaseName(
+    DescriptorContainerDef* container_def, const void* descriptor) {
+  PyContainer* self = PyObject_New(PyContainer, &DescriptorMapping_Type);
+  if (self == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  self->descriptor = descriptor;
+  self->container_def = container_def;
+  self->kind = PyContainer::KIND_BYCAMELCASENAME;
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewMappingByNumber(
+    DescriptorContainerDef* container_def, const void* descriptor) {
+  if (container_def->get_by_number_fn == NULL ||
+      container_def->get_item_number_fn == NULL) {
+    PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_NotImplementedError);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  PyContainer* self = PyObject_New(PyContainer, &DescriptorMapping_Type);
+  if (self == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  self->descriptor = descriptor;
+  self->container_def = container_def;
+  self->kind = PyContainer::KIND_BYNUMBER;
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewSequence(
+    DescriptorContainerDef* container_def, const void* descriptor) {
+  PyContainer* self = PyObject_New(PyContainer, &DescriptorSequence_Type);
+  if (self == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  self->descriptor = descriptor;
+  self->container_def = container_def;
+  self->kind = PyContainer::KIND_SEQUENCE;
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+// Implement iterators over PyContainers.
+
+static void Iterator_Dealloc(PyContainerIterator* self) {
+  Py_CLEAR(self->container);
+  Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* Iterator_Next(PyContainerIterator* self) {
+  int count = self->container->container_def->count_fn(self->container);
+  if (self->index >= count) {
+    // Return NULL with no exception to indicate the end.
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  int index = self->index;
+  self->index += 1;
+  switch (self->kind) {
+    case PyContainerIterator::KIND_ITERKEY:
+      return _NewKey_ByIndex(self->container, index);
+    case PyContainerIterator::KIND_ITERVALUE:
+      return _NewObj_ByIndex(self->container, index);
+    case PyContainerIterator::KIND_ITERVALUE_REVERSED:
+      return _NewObj_ByIndex(self->container, count - index - 1);
+    case PyContainerIterator::KIND_ITERITEM:
+      {
+        PyObject* obj = PyTuple_New(2);
+        if (obj == NULL) {
+          return NULL;
+        }
+        PyObject* key = _NewKey_ByIndex(self->container, index);
+        if (key == NULL) {
+          Py_DECREF(obj);
+          return NULL;
+        }
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(obj, 0, key);
+        PyObject* value = _NewObj_ByIndex(self->container, index);
+        if (value == NULL) {
+          Py_DECREF(obj);
+          return NULL;
+        }
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(obj, 1, value);
+        return obj;
+      }
+    default:
+      PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_NotImplementedError);
+      return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+static PyTypeObject ContainerIterator_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  "DescriptorContainerIterator",        // tp_name
+  sizeof(PyContainerIterator),          // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                    // tp_itemsize
+  (destructor)Iterator_Dealloc,         // tp_dealloc
+  0,                                    // tp_print
+  0,                                    // tp_getattr
+  0,                                    // tp_setattr
+  0,                                    // tp_compare
+  0,                                    // tp_repr
+  0,                                    // tp_as_number
+  0,                                    // tp_as_sequence
+  0,                                    // tp_as_mapping
+  0,                                    // tp_hash
+  0,                                    // tp_call
+  0,                                    // tp_str
+  0,                                    // tp_getattro
+  0,                                    // tp_setattro
+  0,                                    // tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                   // tp_flags
+  0,                                    // tp_doc
+  0,                                    // tp_traverse
+  0,                                    // tp_clear
+  0,                                    // tp_richcompare
+  0,                                    // tp_weaklistoffset
+  PyObject_SelfIter,                    // tp_iter
+  (iternextfunc)Iterator_Next,          // tp_iternext
+  0,                                    // tp_methods
+  0,                                    // tp_members
+  0,                                    // tp_getset
+  0,                                    // tp_base
+  0,                                    // tp_dict
+  0,                                    // tp_descr_get
+  0,                                    // tp_descr_set
+  0,                                    // tp_dictoffset
+  0,                                    // tp_init
+  0,                                    // tp_alloc
+  0,                                    // tp_new
+  0,                                    // tp_free
+};
+
+static PyObject* NewContainerIterator(PyContainer* container,
+                                      PyContainerIterator::IterKind kind) {
+  PyContainerIterator* self = PyObject_New(PyContainerIterator,
+                                           &ContainerIterator_Type);
+  if (self == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_INCREF(container);
+  self->container = container;
+  self->kind = kind;
+  self->index = 0;
+
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+}  // namespace descriptor
+
+// Now define the real collections!
+
+namespace message_descriptor {
+
+typedef const Descriptor* ParentDescriptor;
+
+static ParentDescriptor GetDescriptor(PyContainer* self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ParentDescriptor>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace fields {
+
+typedef const FieldDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->field_count();
+}
+
+static const void* GetByName(PyContainer* self, const std::string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindFieldByName(name);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByCamelcaseName(PyContainer* self,
+                                      const std::string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindFieldByCamelcaseName(name);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByNumber(PyContainer* self, int number) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindFieldByNumber(number);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->field(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static const std::string& GetItemName(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->name();
+}
+
+static const std::string& GetItemCamelcaseName(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->camelcase_name();
+}
+
+static int GetItemNumber(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->number();
+}
+
+static int GetItemIndex(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->index();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "MessageFields",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  GetByName,
+  GetByCamelcaseName,
+  GetByNumber,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  GetItemName,
+  GetItemCamelcaseName,
+  GetItemNumber,
+  GetItemIndex,
+};
+
+}  // namespace fields
+
+PyObject* NewMessageFieldsByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&fields::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+PyObject* NewMessageFieldsByCamelcaseName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByCamelcaseName(&fields::ContainerDef,
+                                               descriptor);
+}
+
+PyObject* NewMessageFieldsByNumber(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByNumber(&fields::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+PyObject* NewMessageFieldsSeq(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewSequence(&fields::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace nested_types {
+
+typedef const Descriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->nested_type_count();
+}
+
+static const void* GetByName(PyContainer* self, const std::string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindNestedTypeByName(name);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->nested_type(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static const std::string& GetItemName(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->name();
+}
+
+static int GetItemIndex(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->index();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "MessageNestedTypes",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  GetByName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  GetItemName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  GetItemIndex,
+};
+
+}  // namespace nested_types
+
+PyObject* NewMessageNestedTypesSeq(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewSequence(&nested_types::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+PyObject* NewMessageNestedTypesByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&nested_types::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace enums {
+
+typedef const EnumDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->enum_type_count();
+}
+
+static const void* GetByName(PyContainer* self, const std::string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindEnumTypeByName(name);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->enum_type(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyEnumDescriptor_FromDescriptor(static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static const std::string& GetItemName(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->name();
+}
+
+static int GetItemIndex(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->index();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "MessageNestedEnums",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  GetByName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  GetItemName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  GetItemIndex,
+};
+
+}  // namespace enums
+
+PyObject* NewMessageEnumsByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&enums::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+PyObject* NewMessageEnumsSeq(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewSequence(&enums::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace enumvalues {
+
+// This is the "enum_values_by_name" mapping, which collects values from all
+// enum types in a message.
+//
+// Note that the behavior of the C++ descriptor is different: it will search and
+// return the first value that matches the name, whereas the Python
+// implementation retrieves the last one.
+
+typedef const EnumValueDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  int count = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < GetDescriptor(self)->enum_type_count(); ++i) {
+    count += GetDescriptor(self)->enum_type(i)->value_count();
+  }
+  return count;
+}
+
+static const void* GetByName(PyContainer* self, const std::string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindEnumValueByName(name);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  // This is not optimal, but the number of enums *types* in a given message
+  // is small.  This function is only used when iterating over the mapping.
+  const EnumDescriptor* enum_type = NULL;
+  int enum_type_count = GetDescriptor(self)->enum_type_count();
+  for (int i = 0; i < enum_type_count; ++i) {
+    enum_type = GetDescriptor(self)->enum_type(i);
+    int enum_value_count = enum_type->value_count();
+    if (index < enum_value_count) {
+      // Found it!
+      break;
+    }
+    index -= enum_value_count;
+  }
+  // The next statement cannot overflow, because this function is only called by
+  // internal iterators which ensure that 0 <= index < Count().
+  return enum_type->value(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyEnumValueDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+      static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static const std::string& GetItemName(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->name();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "MessageEnumValues",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  GetByName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  GetItemName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+};
+
+}  // namespace enumvalues
+
+PyObject* NewMessageEnumValuesByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&enumvalues::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace extensions {
+
+typedef const FieldDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->extension_count();
+}
+
+static const void* GetByName(PyContainer* self, const std::string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindExtensionByName(name);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->extension(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static const std::string& GetItemName(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->name();
+}
+
+static int GetItemIndex(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->index();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "MessageExtensions",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  GetByName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  GetItemName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  GetItemIndex,
+};
+
+}  // namespace extensions
+
+PyObject* NewMessageExtensionsByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&extensions::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+PyObject* NewMessageExtensionsSeq(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewSequence(&extensions::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace oneofs {
+
+typedef const OneofDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->oneof_decl_count();
+}
+
+static const void* GetByName(PyContainer* self, const std::string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindOneofByName(name);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->oneof_decl(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyOneofDescriptor_FromDescriptor(static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static const std::string& GetItemName(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->name();
+}
+
+static int GetItemIndex(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->index();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "MessageOneofs",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  GetByName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  GetItemName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  GetItemIndex,
+};
+
+}  // namespace oneofs
+
+PyObject* NewMessageOneofsByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&oneofs::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+PyObject* NewMessageOneofsSeq(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewSequence(&oneofs::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+}  // namespace message_descriptor
+
+namespace enum_descriptor {
+
+typedef const EnumDescriptor* ParentDescriptor;
+
+static ParentDescriptor GetDescriptor(PyContainer* self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ParentDescriptor>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace enumvalues {
+
+typedef const EnumValueDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->value_count();
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->value(index);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByName(PyContainer* self, const std::string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindValueByName(name);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByNumber(PyContainer* self, int number) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindValueByNumber(number);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyEnumValueDescriptor_FromDescriptor(
+      static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static const std::string& GetItemName(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->name();
+}
+
+static int GetItemNumber(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->number();
+}
+
+static int GetItemIndex(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->index();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "EnumValues",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  GetByName,
+  NULL,
+  GetByNumber,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  GetItemName,
+  NULL,
+  GetItemNumber,
+  GetItemIndex,
+};
+
+}  // namespace enumvalues
+
+PyObject* NewEnumValuesByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&enumvalues::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+PyObject* NewEnumValuesByNumber(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByNumber(&enumvalues::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+PyObject* NewEnumValuesSeq(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewSequence(&enumvalues::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+}  // namespace enum_descriptor
+
+namespace oneof_descriptor {
+
+typedef const OneofDescriptor* ParentDescriptor;
+
+static ParentDescriptor GetDescriptor(PyContainer* self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ParentDescriptor>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace fields {
+
+typedef const FieldDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->field_count();
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->field(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static int GetItemIndex(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->index_in_oneof();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "OneofFields",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  GetItemIndex,
+};
+
+}  // namespace fields
+
+PyObject* NewOneofFieldsSeq(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewSequence(&fields::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+}  // namespace oneof_descriptor
+
+namespace service_descriptor {
+
+typedef const ServiceDescriptor* ParentDescriptor;
+
+static ParentDescriptor GetDescriptor(PyContainer* self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ParentDescriptor>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace methods {
+
+typedef const MethodDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->method_count();
+}
+
+static const void* GetByName(PyContainer* self, const std::string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindMethodByName(name);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->method(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyMethodDescriptor_FromDescriptor(static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static const std::string& GetItemName(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->name();
+}
+
+static int GetItemIndex(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->index();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "ServiceMethods",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  GetByName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  GetItemName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  GetItemIndex,
+};
+
+}  // namespace methods
+
+PyObject* NewServiceMethodsSeq(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewSequence(&methods::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+PyObject* NewServiceMethodsByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&methods::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+}  // namespace service_descriptor
+
+namespace file_descriptor {
+
+typedef const FileDescriptor* ParentDescriptor;
+
+static ParentDescriptor GetDescriptor(PyContainer* self) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ParentDescriptor>(self->descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace messages {
+
+typedef const Descriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->message_type_count();
+}
+
+static const void* GetByName(PyContainer* self, const std::string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindMessageTypeByName(name);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->message_type(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static const std::string& GetItemName(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->name();
+}
+
+static int GetItemIndex(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->index();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "FileMessages",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  GetByName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  GetItemName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  GetItemIndex,
+};
+
+}  // namespace messages
+
+PyObject* NewFileMessageTypesByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&messages::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace enums {
+
+typedef const EnumDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->enum_type_count();
+}
+
+static const void* GetByName(PyContainer* self, const std::string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindEnumTypeByName(name);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->enum_type(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyEnumDescriptor_FromDescriptor(static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static const std::string& GetItemName(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->name();
+}
+
+static int GetItemIndex(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->index();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "FileEnums",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  GetByName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  GetItemName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  GetItemIndex,
+};
+
+}  // namespace enums
+
+PyObject* NewFileEnumTypesByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&enums::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace extensions {
+
+typedef const FieldDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->extension_count();
+}
+
+static const void* GetByName(PyContainer* self, const std::string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindExtensionByName(name);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->extension(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static const std::string& GetItemName(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->name();
+}
+
+static int GetItemIndex(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->index();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "FileExtensions",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  GetByName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  GetItemName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  GetItemIndex,
+};
+
+}  // namespace extensions
+
+PyObject* NewFileExtensionsByName(ParentDescriptor descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&extensions::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace services {
+
+typedef const ServiceDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->service_count();
+}
+
+static const void* GetByName(PyContainer* self, const std::string& name) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->FindServiceByName(name);
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->service(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyServiceDescriptor_FromDescriptor(static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static const std::string& GetItemName(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->name();
+}
+
+static int GetItemIndex(const void* item) {
+  return static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item)->index();
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "FileServices",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  GetByName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  GetItemName,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  GetItemIndex,
+};
+
+}  // namespace services
+
+PyObject* NewFileServicesByName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewMappingByName(&services::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace dependencies {
+
+typedef const FileDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->dependency_count();
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->dependency(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptor(static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "FileDependencies",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+};
+
+}  // namespace dependencies
+
+PyObject* NewFileDependencies(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewSequence(&dependencies::ContainerDef, descriptor);
+}
+
+namespace public_dependencies {
+
+typedef const FileDescriptor* ItemDescriptor;
+
+static int Count(PyContainer* self) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->public_dependency_count();
+}
+
+static const void* GetByIndex(PyContainer* self, int index) {
+  return GetDescriptor(self)->public_dependency(index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* NewObjectFromItem(const void* item) {
+  return PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptor(static_cast<ItemDescriptor>(item));
+}
+
+static DescriptorContainerDef ContainerDef = {
+  "FilePublicDependencies",
+  Count,
+  GetByIndex,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NewObjectFromItem,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+  NULL,
+};
+
+}  // namespace public_dependencies
+
+PyObject* NewFilePublicDependencies(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor::NewSequence(&public_dependencies::ContainerDef,
+                                 descriptor);
+}
+
+}  // namespace file_descriptor
+
+
+// Register all implementations
+
+bool InitDescriptorMappingTypes() {
+  if (PyType_Ready(&descriptor::DescriptorMapping_Type) < 0)
+    return false;
+  if (PyType_Ready(&descriptor::DescriptorSequence_Type) < 0)
+    return false;
+  if (PyType_Ready(&descriptor::ContainerIterator_Type) < 0)
+    return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e05c58e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_DESCRIPTOR_CONTAINERS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_DESCRIPTOR_CONTAINERS_H__
+
+// Mappings and Sequences of descriptors.
+// They implement containers like fields_by_name, EnumDescriptor.values...
+// See descriptor_containers.cc for more description.
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Descriptor;
+class FileDescriptor;
+class EnumDescriptor;
+class OneofDescriptor;
+class ServiceDescriptor;
+
+namespace python {
+
+// Initialize the various types and objects.
+bool InitDescriptorMappingTypes();
+
+// Each function below returns a Mapping, or a Sequence of descriptors.
+// They all return a new reference.
+
+namespace message_descriptor {
+PyObject* NewMessageFieldsByName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* NewMessageFieldsByCamelcaseName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* NewMessageFieldsByNumber(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* NewMessageFieldsSeq(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+PyObject* NewMessageNestedTypesSeq(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* NewMessageNestedTypesByName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+PyObject* NewMessageEnumsByName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* NewMessageEnumsSeq(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* NewMessageEnumValuesByName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+PyObject* NewMessageExtensionsByName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* NewMessageExtensionsSeq(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+PyObject* NewMessageOneofsByName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* NewMessageOneofsSeq(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+}  // namespace message_descriptor
+
+namespace enum_descriptor {
+PyObject* NewEnumValuesByName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* NewEnumValuesByNumber(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* NewEnumValuesSeq(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor);
+}  // namespace enum_descriptor
+
+namespace oneof_descriptor {
+PyObject* NewOneofFieldsSeq(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor);
+}  // namespace oneof_descriptor
+
+namespace file_descriptor {
+PyObject* NewFileMessageTypesByName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+PyObject* NewFileEnumTypesByName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+PyObject* NewFileExtensionsByName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+PyObject* NewFileServicesByName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+PyObject* NewFileDependencies(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* NewFilePublicDependencies(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+}  // namespace file_descriptor
+
+namespace service_descriptor {
+PyObject* NewServiceMethodsSeq(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor);
+PyObject* NewServiceMethodsByName(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor);
+}  // namespace service_descriptor
+
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_DESCRIPTOR_CONTAINERS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_database.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_database.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..26f1b5fb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_database.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file defines a C++ DescriptorDatabase, which wraps a Python Database
+// and delegate all its operations to Python methods.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_database.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+PyDescriptorDatabase::PyDescriptorDatabase(PyObject* py_database)
+    : py_database_(py_database) {
+  Py_INCREF(py_database_);
+}
+
+PyDescriptorDatabase::~PyDescriptorDatabase() { Py_DECREF(py_database_); }
+
+// Convert a Python object to a FileDescriptorProto pointer.
+// Handles all kinds of Python errors, which are simply logged.
+static bool GetFileDescriptorProto(PyObject* py_descriptor,
+                                   FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  if (py_descriptor == NULL) {
+    if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError)) {
+      // Expected error: item was simply not found.
+      PyErr_Clear();
+    } else {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "DescriptorDatabase method raised an error";
+      PyErr_Print();
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (py_descriptor == Py_None) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const Descriptor* filedescriptor_descriptor =
+      FileDescriptorProto::default_instance().GetDescriptor();
+  CMessage* message = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(py_descriptor);
+  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(py_descriptor, CMessage_Type) &&
+      message->message->GetDescriptor() == filedescriptor_descriptor) {
+    // Fast path: Just use the pointer.
+    FileDescriptorProto* file_proto =
+        static_cast<FileDescriptorProto*>(message->message);
+    *output = *file_proto;
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    // Slow path: serialize the message. This allows to use databases which
+    // use a different implementation of FileDescriptorProto.
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr serialized_pb(
+        PyObject_CallMethod(py_descriptor, "SerializeToString", NULL));
+    if (serialized_pb == NULL) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR)
+          << "DescriptorDatabase method did not return a FileDescriptorProto";
+      PyErr_Print();
+      return false;
+    }
+    char* str;
+    Py_ssize_t len;
+    if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(serialized_pb.get(), &str, &len) < 0) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR)
+          << "DescriptorDatabase method did not return a FileDescriptorProto";
+      PyErr_Print();
+      return false;
+    }
+    FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+    if (!file_proto.ParseFromArray(str, len)) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR)
+          << "DescriptorDatabase method did not return a FileDescriptorProto";
+      return false;
+    }
+    *output = file_proto;
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+// Find a file by file name.
+bool PyDescriptorDatabase::FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                                          FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr py_descriptor(PyObject_CallMethod(
+      py_database_, "FindFileByName", "s#", filename.c_str(), filename.size()));
+  return GetFileDescriptorProto(py_descriptor.get(), output);
+}
+
+// Find the file that declares the given fully-qualified symbol name.
+bool PyDescriptorDatabase::FindFileContainingSymbol(
+    const std::string& symbol_name, FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr py_descriptor(
+      PyObject_CallMethod(py_database_, "FindFileContainingSymbol", "s#",
+                          symbol_name.c_str(), symbol_name.size()));
+  return GetFileDescriptorProto(py_descriptor.get(), output);
+}
+
+// Find the file which defines an extension extending the given message type
+// with the given field number.
+// Python DescriptorDatabases are not required to implement this method.
+bool PyDescriptorDatabase::FindFileContainingExtension(
+    const std::string& containing_type, int field_number,
+    FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr py_method(
+      PyObject_GetAttrString(py_database_, "FindFileContainingExtension"));
+  if (py_method == NULL) {
+    // This method is not implemented, returns without error.
+    PyErr_Clear();
+    return false;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr py_descriptor(
+      PyObject_CallFunction(py_method.get(), "s#i", containing_type.c_str(),
+                            containing_type.size(), field_number));
+  return GetFileDescriptorProto(py_descriptor.get(), output);
+}
+
+// Finds the tag numbers used by all known extensions of
+// containing_type, and appends them to output in an undefined
+// order.
+// Python DescriptorDatabases are not required to implement this method.
+bool PyDescriptorDatabase::FindAllExtensionNumbers(
+    const std::string& containing_type, std::vector<int>* output) {
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr py_method(
+      PyObject_GetAttrString(py_database_, "FindAllExtensionNumbers"));
+  if (py_method == NULL) {
+    // This method is not implemented, returns without error.
+    PyErr_Clear();
+    return false;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr py_list(
+      PyObject_CallFunction(py_method.get(), "s#", containing_type.c_str(),
+                            containing_type.size()));
+  if (py_list == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Print();
+    return false;
+  }
+  Py_ssize_t size = PyList_Size(py_list.get());
+  int64 item_value;
+  for (Py_ssize_t i = 0 ; i < size; ++i) {
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr item(PySequence_GetItem(py_list.get(), i));
+    item_value = PyLong_AsLong(item.get());
+    if (item_value < 0) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR)
+          << "FindAllExtensionNumbers method did not return "
+          << "valid extension numbers.";
+      PyErr_Print();
+      return false;
+    }
+    output->push_back(item_value);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_database.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_database.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2d9f8e50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_database.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_DESCRIPTOR_DATABASE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_DESCRIPTOR_DATABASE_H__
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+class PyDescriptorDatabase : public DescriptorDatabase {
+ public:
+  explicit PyDescriptorDatabase(PyObject* py_database);
+  ~PyDescriptorDatabase();
+
+  // Implement the abstract interface. All these functions fill the output
+  // with a copy of FileDescriptorProto.
+
+  // Find a file by file name.
+  bool FindFileByName(const std::string& filename, FileDescriptorProto* output);
+
+  // Find the file that declares the given fully-qualified symbol name.
+  bool FindFileContainingSymbol(const std::string& symbol_name,
+                                FileDescriptorProto* output);
+
+  // Find the file which defines an extension extending the given message type
+  // with the given field number.
+  // Containing_type must be a fully-qualified type name.
+  // Python objects are not required to implement this method.
+  bool FindFileContainingExtension(const std::string& containing_type,
+                                   int field_number,
+                                   FileDescriptorProto* output);
+
+  // Finds the tag numbers used by all known extensions of
+  // containing_type, and appends them to output in an undefined
+  // order.
+  // Python objects are not required to implement this method.
+  bool FindAllExtensionNumbers(const std::string& containing_type,
+                               std::vector<int>* output);
+
+ private:
+  // The python object that implements the database. The reference is owned.
+  PyObject* py_database_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_DESCRIPTOR_DATABASE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2cffea305
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,772 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Implements the DescriptorPool, which collects all descriptors.
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_database.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  #define PyString_FromStringAndSize PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize
+  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03030000
+    #error "Python 3.0 - 3.2 are not supported."
+  #endif
+#define PyString_AsStringAndSize(ob, charpp, sizep)                           \
+  (PyUnicode_Check(ob) ? ((*(charpp) = const_cast<char*>(                     \
+                               PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(ob, (sizep)))) == NULL \
+                              ? -1                                            \
+                              : 0)                                            \
+                       : PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(ob, (charpp), (sizep)))
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+// A map to cache Python Pools per C++ pointer.
+// Pointers are not owned here, and belong to the PyDescriptorPool.
+static std::unordered_map<const DescriptorPool*, PyDescriptorPool*>*
+    descriptor_pool_map;
+
+namespace cdescriptor_pool {
+
+// Collects errors that occur during proto file building to allow them to be
+// propagated in the python exception instead of only living in ERROR logs.
+class BuildFileErrorCollector : public DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  BuildFileErrorCollector() : error_message(""), had_errors_(false) {}
+
+  void AddError(const std::string& filename, const std::string& element_name,
+                const Message* descriptor, ErrorLocation location,
+                const std::string& message) override {
+    // Replicates the logging behavior that happens in the C++ implementation
+    // when an error collector is not passed in.
+    if (!had_errors_) {
+      error_message +=
+          ("Invalid proto descriptor for file \"" + filename + "\":\n");
+      had_errors_ = true;
+    }
+    // As this only happens on failure and will result in the program not
+    // running at all, no effort is made to optimize this string manipulation.
+    error_message += ("  " + element_name + ": " + message + "\n");
+  }
+
+  void Clear() {
+    had_errors_ = false;
+    error_message = "";
+  }
+
+  std::string error_message;
+
+ private:
+  bool had_errors_;
+};
+
+// Create a Python DescriptorPool object, but does not fill the "pool"
+// attribute.
+static PyDescriptorPool* _CreateDescriptorPool() {
+  PyDescriptorPool* cpool = PyObject_GC_New(
+      PyDescriptorPool, &PyDescriptorPool_Type);
+  if (cpool == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  cpool->error_collector = nullptr;
+  cpool->underlay = NULL;
+  cpool->database = NULL;
+
+  cpool->descriptor_options = new std::unordered_map<const void*, PyObject*>();
+
+  cpool->py_message_factory = message_factory::NewMessageFactory(
+      &PyMessageFactory_Type, cpool);
+  if (cpool->py_message_factory == NULL) {
+    Py_DECREF(cpool);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  PyObject_GC_Track(cpool);
+
+  return cpool;
+}
+
+// Create a Python DescriptorPool, using the given pool as an underlay:
+// new messages will be added to a custom pool, not to the underlay.
+//
+// Ownership of the underlay is not transferred, its pointer should
+// stay alive.
+static PyDescriptorPool* PyDescriptorPool_NewWithUnderlay(
+    const DescriptorPool* underlay) {
+  PyDescriptorPool* cpool = _CreateDescriptorPool();
+  if (cpool == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  cpool->pool = new DescriptorPool(underlay);
+  cpool->underlay = underlay;
+
+  if (!descriptor_pool_map->insert(
+      std::make_pair(cpool->pool, cpool)).second) {
+    // Should never happen -- would indicate an internal error / bug.
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "DescriptorPool already registered");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return cpool;
+}
+
+static PyDescriptorPool* PyDescriptorPool_NewWithDatabase(
+    DescriptorDatabase* database) {
+  PyDescriptorPool* cpool = _CreateDescriptorPool();
+  if (cpool == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (database != NULL) {
+    cpool->error_collector = new BuildFileErrorCollector();
+    cpool->pool = new DescriptorPool(database, cpool->error_collector);
+    cpool->database = database;
+  } else {
+    cpool->pool = new DescriptorPool();
+  }
+
+  if (!descriptor_pool_map->insert(std::make_pair(cpool->pool, cpool)).second) {
+    // Should never happen -- would indicate an internal error / bug.
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "DescriptorPool already registered");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return cpool;
+}
+
+// The public DescriptorPool constructor.
+static PyObject* New(PyTypeObject* type,
+                     PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
+  static char* kwlist[] = {"descriptor_db", 0};
+  PyObject* py_database = NULL;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|O", kwlist, &py_database)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  DescriptorDatabase* database = NULL;
+  if (py_database && py_database != Py_None) {
+    database = new PyDescriptorDatabase(py_database);
+  }
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      PyDescriptorPool_NewWithDatabase(database));
+}
+
+static void Dealloc(PyObject* pself) {
+  PyDescriptorPool* self = reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(pself);
+  descriptor_pool_map->erase(self->pool);
+  Py_CLEAR(self->py_message_factory);
+  for (std::unordered_map<const void*, PyObject*>::iterator it =
+           self->descriptor_options->begin();
+       it != self->descriptor_options->end(); ++it) {
+    Py_DECREF(it->second);
+  }
+  delete self->descriptor_options;
+  delete self->database;
+  delete self->pool;
+  delete self->error_collector;
+  Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(pself);
+}
+
+static int GcTraverse(PyObject* pself, visitproc visit, void* arg) {
+  PyDescriptorPool* self = reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(pself);
+  Py_VISIT(self->py_message_factory);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int GcClear(PyObject* pself) {
+  PyDescriptorPool* self = reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(pself);
+  Py_CLEAR(self->py_message_factory);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+PyObject* SetErrorFromCollector(DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector* self,
+                                char* name, char* error_type) {
+  BuildFileErrorCollector* error_collector =
+      reinterpret_cast<BuildFileErrorCollector*>(self);
+  if (error_collector && !error_collector->error_message.empty()) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "Couldn't build file for %s %.200s\n%s",
+                 error_type, name, error_collector->error_message.c_str());
+    error_collector->Clear();
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "Couldn't find %s %.200s", error_type, name);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject* FindMessageByName(PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char* name;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const Descriptor* message_descriptor =
+      reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->pool->FindMessageTypeByName(
+          std::string(name, name_size));
+
+  if (message_descriptor == NULL) {
+    return SetErrorFromCollector(
+        reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->error_collector, name,
+        "message");
+  }
+
+
+  return PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(message_descriptor);
+}
+
+
+
+
+static PyObject* FindFileByName(PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char* name;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  PyDescriptorPool* py_pool = reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self);
+  const FileDescriptor* file_descriptor =
+      py_pool->pool->FindFileByName(std::string(name, name_size));
+
+  if (file_descriptor == NULL) {
+    return SetErrorFromCollector(py_pool->error_collector, name, "file");
+  }
+  return PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptor(file_descriptor);
+}
+
+PyObject* FindFieldByName(PyDescriptorPool* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char* name;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor =
+      self->pool->FindFieldByName(std::string(name, name_size));
+  if (field_descriptor == NULL) {
+    return SetErrorFromCollector(self->error_collector, name, "field");
+  }
+
+
+  return PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(field_descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* FindFieldByNameMethod(PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  return FindFieldByName(reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self), arg);
+}
+
+PyObject* FindExtensionByName(PyDescriptorPool* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char* name;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor =
+      self->pool->FindExtensionByName(std::string(name, name_size));
+  if (field_descriptor == NULL) {
+    return SetErrorFromCollector(self->error_collector, name,
+                                 "extension field");
+  }
+
+
+  return PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(field_descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* FindExtensionByNameMethod(PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  return FindExtensionByName(reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self), arg);
+}
+
+PyObject* FindEnumTypeByName(PyDescriptorPool* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char* name;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor =
+      self->pool->FindEnumTypeByName(std::string(name, name_size));
+  if (enum_descriptor == NULL) {
+    return SetErrorFromCollector(self->error_collector, name, "enum");
+  }
+
+
+  return PyEnumDescriptor_FromDescriptor(enum_descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* FindEnumTypeByNameMethod(PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  return FindEnumTypeByName(reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self), arg);
+}
+
+PyObject* FindOneofByName(PyDescriptorPool* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char* name;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor =
+      self->pool->FindOneofByName(std::string(name, name_size));
+  if (oneof_descriptor == NULL) {
+    return SetErrorFromCollector(self->error_collector, name, "oneof");
+  }
+
+
+  return PyOneofDescriptor_FromDescriptor(oneof_descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* FindOneofByNameMethod(PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  return FindOneofByName(reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self), arg);
+}
+
+static PyObject* FindServiceByName(PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char* name;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const ServiceDescriptor* service_descriptor =
+      reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->pool->FindServiceByName(
+          std::string(name, name_size));
+  if (service_descriptor == NULL) {
+    return SetErrorFromCollector(
+        reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->error_collector, name,
+        "service");
+  }
+
+
+  return PyServiceDescriptor_FromDescriptor(service_descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* FindMethodByName(PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char* name;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const MethodDescriptor* method_descriptor =
+      reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->pool->FindMethodByName(
+          std::string(name, name_size));
+  if (method_descriptor == NULL) {
+    return SetErrorFromCollector(
+        reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->error_collector, name,
+        "method");
+  }
+
+
+  return PyMethodDescriptor_FromDescriptor(method_descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* FindFileContainingSymbol(PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char* name;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file_descriptor =
+      reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->pool->FindFileContainingSymbol(
+          std::string(name, name_size));
+  if (file_descriptor == NULL) {
+    return SetErrorFromCollector(
+        reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->error_collector, name,
+        "symbol");
+  }
+
+
+  return PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptor(file_descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* FindExtensionByNumber(PyObject* self, PyObject* args) {
+  PyObject* message_descriptor;
+  int number;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Oi", &message_descriptor, &number)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = PyMessageDescriptor_AsDescriptor(
+      message_descriptor);
+  if (descriptor == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* extension_descriptor =
+      reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->pool->FindExtensionByNumber(
+          descriptor, number);
+  if (extension_descriptor == NULL) {
+    BuildFileErrorCollector* error_collector =
+        reinterpret_cast<BuildFileErrorCollector*>(
+            reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->error_collector);
+    if (error_collector && !error_collector->error_message.empty()) {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "Couldn't build file for Extension %.d\n%s",
+                   number, error_collector->error_message.c_str());
+      error_collector->Clear();
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "Couldn't find Extension %d", number);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+
+  return PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(extension_descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* FindAllExtensions(PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = PyMessageDescriptor_AsDescriptor(arg);
+  if (descriptor == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> extensions;
+  reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->pool->FindAllExtensions(
+      descriptor, &extensions);
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr result(PyList_New(extensions.size()));
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < extensions.size(); i++) {
+    PyObject* extension = PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(extensions[i]);
+    if (extension == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    PyList_SET_ITEM(result.get(), i, extension);  // Steals the reference.
+  }
+  return result.release();
+}
+
+// These functions should not exist -- the only valid way to create
+// descriptors is to call Add() or AddSerializedFile().
+// But these AddDescriptor() functions were created in Python and some people
+// call them, so we support them for now for compatibility.
+// However we do check that the existing descriptor already exists in the pool,
+// which appears to always be true for existing calls -- but then why do people
+// call a function that will just be a no-op?
+// TODO(amauryfa): Need to investigate further.
+
+static PyObject* AddFileDescriptor(PyObject* self, PyObject* descriptor) {
+  const FileDescriptor* file_descriptor =
+      PyFileDescriptor_AsDescriptor(descriptor);
+  if (!file_descriptor) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (file_descriptor !=
+      reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->pool->FindFileByName(
+          file_descriptor->name())) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "The file descriptor %s does not belong to this pool",
+                 file_descriptor->name().c_str());
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject* AddDescriptor(PyObject* self, PyObject* descriptor) {
+  const Descriptor* message_descriptor =
+      PyMessageDescriptor_AsDescriptor(descriptor);
+  if (!message_descriptor) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (message_descriptor !=
+      reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->pool->FindMessageTypeByName(
+          message_descriptor->full_name())) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "The message descriptor %s does not belong to this pool",
+                 message_descriptor->full_name().c_str());
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject* AddEnumDescriptor(PyObject* self, PyObject* descriptor) {
+  const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor =
+      PyEnumDescriptor_AsDescriptor(descriptor);
+  if (!enum_descriptor) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (enum_descriptor !=
+      reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->pool->FindEnumTypeByName(
+          enum_descriptor->full_name())) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "The enum descriptor %s does not belong to this pool",
+                 enum_descriptor->full_name().c_str());
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject* AddExtensionDescriptor(PyObject* self, PyObject* descriptor) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* extension_descriptor =
+      PyFieldDescriptor_AsDescriptor(descriptor);
+  if (!extension_descriptor) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (extension_descriptor !=
+      reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->pool->FindExtensionByName(
+          extension_descriptor->full_name())) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "The extension descriptor %s does not belong to this pool",
+                 extension_descriptor->full_name().c_str());
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject* AddServiceDescriptor(PyObject* self, PyObject* descriptor) {
+  const ServiceDescriptor* service_descriptor =
+      PyServiceDescriptor_AsDescriptor(descriptor);
+  if (!service_descriptor) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (service_descriptor !=
+      reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(self)->pool->FindServiceByName(
+          service_descriptor->full_name())) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "The service descriptor %s does not belong to this pool",
+                 service_descriptor->full_name().c_str());
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+// The code below loads new Descriptors from a serialized FileDescriptorProto.
+static PyObject* AddSerializedFile(PyObject* pself, PyObject* serialized_pb) {
+  PyDescriptorPool* self = reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(pself);
+  char* message_type;
+  Py_ssize_t message_len;
+
+  if (self->database != NULL) {
+    PyErr_SetString(
+        PyExc_ValueError,
+        "Cannot call Add on a DescriptorPool that uses a DescriptorDatabase. "
+        "Add your file to the underlying database.");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(serialized_pb, &message_type, &message_len) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  if (!file_proto.ParseFromArray(message_type, message_len)) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Couldn't parse file content!");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // If the file was already part of a C++ library, all its descriptors are in
+  // the underlying pool.  No need to do anything else.
+  const FileDescriptor* generated_file = NULL;
+  if (self->underlay) {
+    generated_file = self->underlay->FindFileByName(file_proto.name());
+  }
+  if (generated_file != NULL) {
+    return PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptorWithSerializedPb(
+        generated_file, serialized_pb);
+  }
+
+  BuildFileErrorCollector error_collector;
+  const FileDescriptor* descriptor =
+      self->pool->BuildFileCollectingErrors(file_proto,
+                                            &error_collector);
+  if (descriptor == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                 "Couldn't build proto file into descriptor pool!\n%s",
+                 error_collector.error_message.c_str());
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptorWithSerializedPb(
+      descriptor, serialized_pb);
+}
+
+static PyObject* Add(PyObject* self, PyObject* file_descriptor_proto) {
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr serialized_pb(
+      PyObject_CallMethod(file_descriptor_proto, "SerializeToString", NULL));
+  if (serialized_pb == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return AddSerializedFile(self, serialized_pb.get());
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "Add", Add, METH_O,
+    "Adds the FileDescriptorProto and its types to this pool." },
+  { "AddSerializedFile", AddSerializedFile, METH_O,
+    "Adds a serialized FileDescriptorProto to this pool." },
+
+  // TODO(amauryfa): Understand why the Python implementation differs from
+  // this one, ask users to use another API and deprecate these functions.
+  { "AddFileDescriptor", AddFileDescriptor, METH_O,
+    "No-op. Add() must have been called before." },
+  { "AddDescriptor", AddDescriptor, METH_O,
+    "No-op. Add() must have been called before." },
+  { "AddEnumDescriptor", AddEnumDescriptor, METH_O,
+    "No-op. Add() must have been called before." },
+  { "AddExtensionDescriptor", AddExtensionDescriptor, METH_O,
+    "No-op. Add() must have been called before." },
+  { "AddServiceDescriptor", AddServiceDescriptor, METH_O,
+    "No-op. Add() must have been called before." },
+
+  { "FindFileByName", FindFileByName, METH_O,
+    "Searches for a file descriptor by its .proto name." },
+  { "FindMessageTypeByName", FindMessageByName, METH_O,
+    "Searches for a message descriptor by full name." },
+  { "FindFieldByName", FindFieldByNameMethod, METH_O,
+    "Searches for a field descriptor by full name." },
+  { "FindExtensionByName", FindExtensionByNameMethod, METH_O,
+    "Searches for extension descriptor by full name." },
+  { "FindEnumTypeByName", FindEnumTypeByNameMethod, METH_O,
+    "Searches for enum type descriptor by full name." },
+  { "FindOneofByName", FindOneofByNameMethod, METH_O,
+    "Searches for oneof descriptor by full name." },
+  { "FindServiceByName", FindServiceByName, METH_O,
+    "Searches for service descriptor by full name." },
+  { "FindMethodByName", FindMethodByName, METH_O,
+    "Searches for method descriptor by full name." },
+
+  { "FindFileContainingSymbol", FindFileContainingSymbol, METH_O,
+    "Gets the FileDescriptor containing the specified symbol." },
+  { "FindExtensionByNumber", FindExtensionByNumber, METH_VARARGS,
+    "Gets the extension descriptor for the given number." },
+  { "FindAllExtensions", FindAllExtensions, METH_O,
+    "Gets all known extensions of the given message descriptor." },
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+}  // namespace cdescriptor_pool
+
+PyTypeObject PyDescriptorPool_Type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0) FULL_MODULE_NAME
+    ".DescriptorPool",                        // tp_name
+    sizeof(PyDescriptorPool),                 // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                        // tp_itemsize
+    cdescriptor_pool::Dealloc,                // tp_dealloc
+    0,                                        // tp_print
+    0,                                        // tp_getattr
+    0,                                        // tp_setattr
+    0,                                        // tp_compare
+    0,                                        // tp_repr
+    0,                                        // tp_as_number
+    0,                                        // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                        // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                        // tp_hash
+    0,                                        // tp_call
+    0,                                        // tp_str
+    0,                                        // tp_getattro
+    0,                                        // tp_setattro
+    0,                                        // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,  // tp_flags
+    "A Descriptor Pool",                      // tp_doc
+    cdescriptor_pool::GcTraverse,             // tp_traverse
+    cdescriptor_pool::GcClear,                // tp_clear
+    0,                                        // tp_richcompare
+    0,                                        // tp_weaklistoffset
+    0,                                        // tp_iter
+    0,                                        // tp_iternext
+    cdescriptor_pool::Methods,                // tp_methods
+    0,                                        // tp_members
+    0,                                        // tp_getset
+    0,                                        // tp_base
+    0,                                        // tp_dict
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_get
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_set
+    0,                                        // tp_dictoffset
+    0,                                        // tp_init
+    0,                                        // tp_alloc
+    cdescriptor_pool::New,                    // tp_new
+    PyObject_GC_Del,                          // tp_free
+};
+
+// This is the DescriptorPool which contains all the definitions from the
+// generated _pb2.py modules.
+static PyDescriptorPool* python_generated_pool = NULL;
+
+bool InitDescriptorPool() {
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyDescriptorPool_Type) < 0)
+    return false;
+
+  // The Pool of messages declared in Python libraries.
+  // generated_pool() contains all messages already linked in C++ libraries, and
+  // is used as underlay.
+  descriptor_pool_map =
+      new std::unordered_map<const DescriptorPool*, PyDescriptorPool*>;
+  python_generated_pool = cdescriptor_pool::PyDescriptorPool_NewWithUnderlay(
+      DescriptorPool::generated_pool());
+  if (python_generated_pool == NULL) {
+    delete descriptor_pool_map;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Register this pool to be found for C++-generated descriptors.
+  descriptor_pool_map->insert(
+      std::make_pair(DescriptorPool::generated_pool(),
+                     python_generated_pool));
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// The default DescriptorPool used everywhere in this module.
+// Today it's the python_generated_pool.
+// TODO(amauryfa): Remove all usages of this function: the pool should be
+// derived from the context.
+PyDescriptorPool* GetDefaultDescriptorPool() {
+  return python_generated_pool;
+}
+
+PyDescriptorPool* GetDescriptorPool_FromPool(const DescriptorPool* pool) {
+  // Fast path for standard descriptors.
+  if (pool == python_generated_pool->pool ||
+      pool == DescriptorPool::generated_pool()) {
+    return python_generated_pool;
+  }
+  std::unordered_map<const DescriptorPool*, PyDescriptorPool*>::iterator it =
+      descriptor_pool_map->find(pool);
+  if (it == descriptor_pool_map->end()) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_KeyError, "Unknown descriptor pool");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return it->second;
+}
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d456f908
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_H__
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+struct PyMessageFactory;
+
+// The (meta) type of all Messages classes.
+struct CMessageClass;
+
+// Wraps operations to the global DescriptorPool which contains information
+// about all messages and fields.
+//
+// There is normally one pool per process. We make it a Python object only
+// because it contains many Python references.
+//
+// "Methods" that interacts with this DescriptorPool are in the cdescriptor_pool
+// namespace.
+typedef struct PyDescriptorPool {
+  PyObject_HEAD
+
+  // The C++ pool containing Descriptors.
+  DescriptorPool* pool;
+
+  // The error collector to store error info. Can be NULL. This pointer is
+  // owned.
+  DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector* error_collector;
+
+  // The C++ pool acting as an underlay. Can be NULL.
+  // This pointer is not owned and must stay alive.
+  const DescriptorPool* underlay;
+
+  // The C++ descriptor database used to fetch unknown protos. Can be NULL.
+  // This pointer is owned.
+  const DescriptorDatabase* database;
+
+  // The preferred MessageFactory to be used by descriptors.
+  // TODO(amauryfa): Don't create the Factory from the DescriptorPool, but
+  // use the one passed while creating message classes. And remove this member.
+  PyMessageFactory* py_message_factory;
+
+  // Cache the options for any kind of descriptor.
+  // Descriptor pointers are owned by the DescriptorPool above.
+  // Python objects are owned by the map.
+  std::unordered_map<const void*, PyObject*>* descriptor_options;
+} PyDescriptorPool;
+
+
+extern PyTypeObject PyDescriptorPool_Type;
+
+namespace cdescriptor_pool {
+
+
+// The functions below are also exposed as methods of the DescriptorPool type.
+
+// Looks up a field by name. Returns a PyFieldDescriptor corresponding to
+// the field on success, or NULL on failure.
+//
+// Returns a new reference.
+PyObject* FindFieldByName(PyDescriptorPool* self, PyObject* name);
+
+// Looks up an extension by name. Returns a PyFieldDescriptor corresponding
+// to the field on success, or NULL on failure.
+//
+// Returns a new reference.
+PyObject* FindExtensionByName(PyDescriptorPool* self, PyObject* arg);
+
+// Looks up an enum type by name. Returns a PyEnumDescriptor corresponding
+// to the field on success, or NULL on failure.
+//
+// Returns a new reference.
+PyObject* FindEnumTypeByName(PyDescriptorPool* self, PyObject* arg);
+
+// Looks up a oneof by name. Returns a COneofDescriptor corresponding
+// to the oneof on success, or NULL on failure.
+//
+// Returns a new reference.
+PyObject* FindOneofByName(PyDescriptorPool* self, PyObject* arg);
+
+}  // namespace cdescriptor_pool
+
+// Retrieve the global descriptor pool owned by the _message module.
+// This is the one used by pb2.py generated modules.
+// Returns a *borrowed* reference.
+// "Default" pool used to register messages from _pb2.py modules.
+PyDescriptorPool* GetDefaultDescriptorPool();
+
+// Retrieve the python descriptor pool owning a C++ descriptor pool.
+// Returns a *borrowed* reference.
+PyDescriptorPool* GetDescriptorPool_FromPool(const DescriptorPool* pool);
+
+// Initialize objects used by this module.
+bool InitDescriptorPool();
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7226d0c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: anuraag@google.com (Anuraag Agrawal)
+// Author: tibell@google.com (Johan Tibell)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.h>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_scalar_container.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03030000
+    #error "Python 3.0 - 3.2 are not supported."
+  #endif
+#define PyString_AsStringAndSize(ob, charpp, sizep)                           \
+  (PyUnicode_Check(ob) ? ((*(charpp) = const_cast<char*>(                     \
+                               PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(ob, (sizep)))) == NULL \
+                              ? -1                                            \
+                              : 0)                                            \
+                       : PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(ob, (charpp), (sizep)))
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+namespace extension_dict {
+
+static Py_ssize_t len(ExtensionDict* self) {
+  Py_ssize_t size = 0;
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  self->parent->message->GetReflection()->ListFields(*self->parent->message,
+                                                     &fields);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < fields.size(); ++i) {
+    if (fields[i]->is_extension()) {
+      // With C++ descriptors, the field can always be retrieved, but for
+      // unknown extensions which have not been imported in Python code, there
+      // is no message class and we cannot retrieve the value.
+      // ListFields() has the same behavior.
+      if (fields[i]->message_type() != nullptr &&
+          message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+              cmessage::GetFactoryForMessage(self->parent),
+              fields[i]->message_type()) == nullptr) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        continue;
+      }
+      ++size;
+    }
+  }
+  return size;
+}
+
+struct ExtensionIterator {
+  PyObject_HEAD;
+  Py_ssize_t index;
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+
+  // Owned reference, to keep the FieldDescriptors alive.
+  ExtensionDict* extension_dict;
+};
+
+PyObject* GetIter(PyObject* _self) {
+  ExtensionDict* self = reinterpret_cast<ExtensionDict*>(_self);
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr obj(PyType_GenericAlloc(&ExtensionIterator_Type, 0));
+  if (obj == nullptr) {
+    return PyErr_Format(PyExc_MemoryError,
+                        "Could not allocate extension iterator");
+  }
+
+  ExtensionIterator* iter = reinterpret_cast<ExtensionIterator*>(obj.get());
+
+  // Call "placement new" to initialize. So the constructor of
+  // std::vector<...> fields will be called.
+  new (iter) ExtensionIterator;
+
+  self->parent->message->GetReflection()->ListFields(*self->parent->message,
+                                                     &iter->fields);
+  iter->index = 0;
+  Py_INCREF(self);
+  iter->extension_dict = self;
+
+  return obj.release();
+}
+
+static void DeallocExtensionIterator(PyObject* _self) {
+  ExtensionIterator* self = reinterpret_cast<ExtensionIterator*>(_self);
+  self->fields.clear();
+  Py_XDECREF(self->extension_dict);
+  self->~ExtensionIterator();
+  Py_TYPE(_self)->tp_free(_self);
+}
+
+PyObject* subscript(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* key) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor = cmessage::GetExtensionDescriptor(key);
+  if (descriptor == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (!CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(descriptor, self->parent->message)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor->label() != FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED &&
+      descriptor->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return cmessage::InternalGetScalar(self->parent->message, descriptor);
+  }
+
+  CMessage::CompositeFieldsMap::iterator iterator =
+      self->parent->composite_fields->find(descriptor);
+  if (iterator != self->parent->composite_fields->end()) {
+    Py_INCREF(iterator->second);
+    return iterator->second->AsPyObject();
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor->label() != FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED &&
+      descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    // TODO(plabatut): consider building the class on the fly!
+    ContainerBase* sub_message = cmessage::InternalGetSubMessage(
+        self->parent, descriptor);
+    if (sub_message == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    (*self->parent->composite_fields)[descriptor] = sub_message;
+    return sub_message->AsPyObject();
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    if (descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      // On the fly message class creation is needed to support the following
+      // situation:
+      // 1- add FileDescriptor to the pool that contains extensions of a message
+      //    defined by another proto file. Do not create any message classes.
+      // 2- instantiate an extended message, and access the extension using
+      //    the field descriptor.
+      // 3- the extension submessage fails to be returned, because no class has
+      //    been created.
+      // It happens when deserializing text proto format, or when enumerating
+      // fields of a deserialized message.
+      CMessageClass* message_class = message_factory::GetOrCreateMessageClass(
+          cmessage::GetFactoryForMessage(self->parent),
+          descriptor->message_type());
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr message_class_handler(
+        reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(message_class));
+      if (message_class == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      ContainerBase* py_container = repeated_composite_container::NewContainer(
+          self->parent, descriptor, message_class);
+      if (py_container == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      (*self->parent->composite_fields)[descriptor] = py_container;
+      return py_container->AsPyObject();
+    } else {
+      ContainerBase* py_container = repeated_scalar_container::NewContainer(
+          self->parent, descriptor);
+      if (py_container == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      (*self->parent->composite_fields)[descriptor] = py_container;
+      return py_container->AsPyObject();
+    }
+  }
+  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "control reached unexpected line");
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+int ass_subscript(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* key, PyObject* value) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor = cmessage::GetExtensionDescriptor(key);
+  if (descriptor == NULL) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (!CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(descriptor, self->parent->message)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (value == nullptr) {
+    return cmessage::ClearFieldByDescriptor(self->parent, descriptor);
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor->label() != FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL ||
+      descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Extension is repeated and/or composite "
+                    "type");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  cmessage::AssureWritable(self->parent);
+  if (cmessage::InternalSetScalar(self->parent, descriptor, value) < 0) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+PyObject* _FindExtensionByName(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  char* name;
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name, &name_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  PyDescriptorPool* pool = cmessage::GetFactoryForMessage(self->parent)->pool;
+  const FieldDescriptor* message_extension =
+      pool->pool->FindExtensionByName(std::string(name, name_size));
+  if (message_extension == NULL) {
+    // Is is the name of a message set extension?
+    const Descriptor* message_descriptor =
+        pool->pool->FindMessageTypeByName(std::string(name, name_size));
+    if (message_descriptor && message_descriptor->extension_count() > 0) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* extension = message_descriptor->extension(0);
+      if (extension->is_extension() &&
+          extension->containing_type()->options().message_set_wire_format() &&
+          extension->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+          extension->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL) {
+        message_extension = extension;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (message_extension == NULL) {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  }
+
+  return PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(message_extension);
+}
+
+PyObject* _FindExtensionByNumber(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  int64 number = PyLong_AsLong(arg);
+  if (number == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  PyDescriptorPool* pool = cmessage::GetFactoryForMessage(self->parent)->pool;
+  const FieldDescriptor* message_extension = pool->pool->FindExtensionByNumber(
+      self->parent->message->GetDescriptor(), number);
+  if (message_extension == NULL) {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  }
+
+  return PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(message_extension);
+}
+
+static int Contains(PyObject* _self, PyObject* key) {
+  ExtensionDict* self = reinterpret_cast<ExtensionDict*>(_self);
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor =
+      cmessage::GetExtensionDescriptor(key);
+  if (field_descriptor == nullptr) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (!field_descriptor->is_extension()) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "%s is not an extension",
+                 field_descriptor->full_name().c_str());
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  const Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  if (field_descriptor->is_repeated()) {
+    if (reflection->FieldSize(*message, field_descriptor) > 0) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (reflection->HasField(*message, field_descriptor)) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+ExtensionDict* NewExtensionDict(CMessage *parent) {
+  ExtensionDict* self = reinterpret_cast<ExtensionDict*>(
+      PyType_GenericAlloc(&ExtensionDict_Type, 0));
+  if (self == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  Py_INCREF(parent);
+  self->parent = parent;
+  return self;
+}
+
+void dealloc(PyObject* pself) {
+  ExtensionDict* self = reinterpret_cast<ExtensionDict*>(pself);
+  Py_CLEAR(self->parent);
+  Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+}
+
+static PyObject* RichCompare(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* other, int opid) {
+  // Only equality comparisons are implemented.
+  if (opid != Py_EQ && opid != Py_NE) {
+    Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
+    return Py_NotImplemented;
+  }
+  bool equals = false;
+  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(other, &ExtensionDict_Type)) {
+    equals = self->parent == reinterpret_cast<ExtensionDict*>(other)->parent;;
+  }
+  if (equals ^ (opid == Py_EQ)) {
+    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  }
+}
+static PySequenceMethods SeqMethods = {
+    (lenfunc)len,          // sq_length
+    0,                     // sq_concat
+    0,                     // sq_repeat
+    0,                     // sq_item
+    0,                     // sq_slice
+    0,                     // sq_ass_item
+    0,                     // sq_ass_slice
+    (objobjproc)Contains,  // sq_contains
+};
+
+static PyMappingMethods MpMethods = {
+  (lenfunc)len,                /* mp_length */
+  (binaryfunc)subscript,       /* mp_subscript */
+  (objobjargproc)ass_subscript,/* mp_ass_subscript */
+};
+
+#define EDMETHOD(name, args, doc) { #name, (PyCFunction)name, args, doc }
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+    EDMETHOD(_FindExtensionByName, METH_O, "Finds an extension by name."),
+    EDMETHOD(_FindExtensionByNumber, METH_O,
+             "Finds an extension by field number."),
+    {NULL, NULL},
+};
+
+}  // namespace extension_dict
+
+PyTypeObject ExtensionDict_Type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)     //
+    FULL_MODULE_NAME ".ExtensionDict",         // tp_name
+    sizeof(ExtensionDict),                     // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                         //  tp_itemsize
+    (destructor)extension_dict::dealloc,       //  tp_dealloc
+    0,                                         //  tp_print
+    0,                                         //  tp_getattr
+    0,                                         //  tp_setattr
+    0,                                         //  tp_compare
+    0,                                         //  tp_repr
+    0,                                         //  tp_as_number
+    &extension_dict::SeqMethods,               //  tp_as_sequence
+    &extension_dict::MpMethods,                //  tp_as_mapping
+    PyObject_HashNotImplemented,               //  tp_hash
+    0,                                         //  tp_call
+    0,                                         //  tp_str
+    0,                                         //  tp_getattro
+    0,                                         //  tp_setattro
+    0,                                         //  tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                        //  tp_flags
+    "An extension dict",                       //  tp_doc
+    0,                                         //  tp_traverse
+    0,                                         //  tp_clear
+    (richcmpfunc)extension_dict::RichCompare,  //  tp_richcompare
+    0,                                         //  tp_weaklistoffset
+    extension_dict::GetIter,                   //  tp_iter
+    0,                                         //  tp_iternext
+    extension_dict::Methods,                   //  tp_methods
+    0,                                         //  tp_members
+    0,                                         //  tp_getset
+    0,                                         //  tp_base
+    0,                                         //  tp_dict
+    0,                                         //  tp_descr_get
+    0,                                         //  tp_descr_set
+    0,                                         //  tp_dictoffset
+    0,                                         //  tp_init
+};
+
+PyObject* IterNext(PyObject* _self) {
+  extension_dict::ExtensionIterator* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<extension_dict::ExtensionIterator*>(_self);
+  Py_ssize_t total_size = self->fields.size();
+  Py_ssize_t index = self->index;
+  while (self->index < total_size) {
+    index = self->index;
+    ++self->index;
+    if (self->fields[index]->is_extension()) {
+      // With C++ descriptors, the field can always be retrieved, but for
+      // unknown extensions which have not been imported in Python code, there
+      // is no message class and we cannot retrieve the value.
+      // ListFields() has the same behavior.
+      if (self->fields[index]->message_type() != nullptr &&
+          message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+              cmessage::GetFactoryForMessage(self->extension_dict->parent),
+              self->fields[index]->message_type()) == nullptr) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      return PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(self->fields[index]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+PyTypeObject ExtensionIterator_Type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)      //
+    FULL_MODULE_NAME ".ExtensionIterator",      //  tp_name
+    sizeof(extension_dict::ExtensionIterator),  //  tp_basicsize
+    0,                                          //  tp_itemsize
+    extension_dict::DeallocExtensionIterator,   //  tp_dealloc
+    0,                                          //  tp_print
+    0,                                          //  tp_getattr
+    0,                                          //  tp_setattr
+    0,                                          //  tp_compare
+    0,                                          //  tp_repr
+    0,                                          //  tp_as_number
+    0,                                          //  tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                          //  tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                          //  tp_hash
+    0,                                          //  tp_call
+    0,                                          //  tp_str
+    0,                                          //  tp_getattro
+    0,                                          //  tp_setattro
+    0,                                          //  tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                         //  tp_flags
+    "A scalar map iterator",                    //  tp_doc
+    0,                                          //  tp_traverse
+    0,                                          //  tp_clear
+    0,                                          //  tp_richcompare
+    0,                                          //  tp_weaklistoffset
+    PyObject_SelfIter,                          //  tp_iter
+    IterNext,                                   //  tp_iternext
+    0,                                          //  tp_methods
+    0,                                          //  tp_members
+    0,                                          //  tp_getset
+    0,                                          //  tp_base
+    0,                                          //  tp_dict
+    0,                                          //  tp_descr_get
+    0,                                          //  tp_descr_set
+    0,                                          //  tp_dictoffset
+    0,                                          //  tp_init
+};
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9da44316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: anuraag@google.com (Anuraag Agrawal)
+// Author: tibell@google.com (Johan Tibell)
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_EXTENSION_DICT_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_EXTENSION_DICT_H__
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Message;
+class FieldDescriptor;
+
+namespace python {
+
+typedef struct ExtensionDict {
+  PyObject_HEAD;
+
+  // Strong, owned reference to the parent message. Never NULL.
+  CMessage* parent;
+} ExtensionDict;
+
+extern PyTypeObject ExtensionDict_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject ExtensionIterator_Type;
+
+namespace extension_dict {
+
+// Builds an Extensions dict for a specific message.
+ExtensionDict* NewExtensionDict(CMessage *parent);
+
+}  // namespace extension_dict
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_EXTENSION_DICT_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/field.cc
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1afd4583b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/field.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  #define PyString_FromFormat PyUnicode_FromFormat
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+namespace field {
+
+static PyObject* Repr(PyMessageFieldProperty* self) {
+  return PyString_FromFormat("<field property '%s'>",
+                             self->field_descriptor->full_name().c_str());
+}
+
+static PyObject* DescrGet(PyMessageFieldProperty* self, PyObject* obj,
+                          PyObject* type) {
+  if (obj == NULL) {
+    Py_INCREF(self);
+    return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+  }
+  return cmessage::GetFieldValue(reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(obj),
+                                 self->field_descriptor);
+}
+
+static int DescrSet(PyMessageFieldProperty* self, PyObject* obj,
+                    PyObject* value) {
+  if (value == NULL) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, "Cannot delete field attribute");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return cmessage::SetFieldValue(reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(obj),
+                                 self->field_descriptor, value);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetDescriptor(PyMessageFieldProperty* self, void* closure) {
+  return PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(self->field_descriptor);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetDoc(PyMessageFieldProperty* self, void* closure) {
+  return PyString_FromFormat("Field %s",
+                             self->field_descriptor->full_name().c_str());
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+    {"DESCRIPTOR", (getter)GetDescriptor, NULL, "Field descriptor"},
+    {"__doc__", (getter)GetDoc, NULL, NULL},
+    {NULL}};
+}  // namespace field
+
+static PyTypeObject _CFieldProperty_Type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)    // head
+    FULL_MODULE_NAME ".FieldProperty",        // tp_name
+    sizeof(PyMessageFieldProperty),           // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                        // tp_itemsize
+    0,                                        // tp_dealloc
+    0,                                        // tp_print
+    0,                                        // tp_getattr
+    0,                                        // tp_setattr
+    0,                                        // tp_compare
+    (reprfunc)field::Repr,                    // tp_repr
+    0,                                        // tp_as_number
+    0,                                        // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                        // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                        // tp_hash
+    0,                                        // tp_call
+    0,                                        // tp_str
+    0,                                        // tp_getattro
+    0,                                        // tp_setattro
+    0,                                        // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                       // tp_flags
+    "Field property of a Message",            // tp_doc
+    0,                                        // tp_traverse
+    0,                                        // tp_clear
+    0,                                        // tp_richcompare
+    0,                                        // tp_weaklistoffset
+    0,                                        // tp_iter
+    0,                                        // tp_iternext
+    0,                                        // tp_methods
+    0,                                        // tp_members
+    field::Getters,                           // tp_getset
+    0,                                        // tp_base
+    0,                                        // tp_dict
+    (descrgetfunc)field::DescrGet,            // tp_descr_get
+    (descrsetfunc)field::DescrSet,            // tp_descr_set
+    0,                                        // tp_dictoffset
+    0,                                        // tp_init
+    0,                                        // tp_alloc
+    0,                                        // tp_new
+};
+PyTypeObject* CFieldProperty_Type = &_CFieldProperty_Type;
+
+PyObject* NewFieldProperty(const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor) {
+  // Create a new descriptor object
+  PyMessageFieldProperty* property =
+      PyObject_New(PyMessageFieldProperty, CFieldProperty_Type);
+  if (property == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  property->field_descriptor = field_descriptor;
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(property);
+}
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/field.h
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7b4660cab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class FieldDescriptor;
+
+namespace python {
+
+// A data descriptor that represents a field in a Message class.
+struct PyMessageFieldProperty {
+  PyObject_HEAD;
+
+  // This pointer is owned by the same pool as the Message class it belongs to.
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor;
+};
+
+extern PyTypeObject* CFieldProperty_Type;
+
+PyObject* NewFieldProperty(const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor);
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed0d31c8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1076 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: haberman@google.com (Josh Haberman)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  #define PyInt_FromLong PyLong_FromLong
+  #define PyInt_FromSize_t PyLong_FromSize_t
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+// Functions that need access to map reflection functionality.
+// They need to be contained in this class because it is friended.
+class MapReflectionFriend {
+ public:
+  // Methods that are in common between the map types.
+  static PyObject* Contains(PyObject* _self, PyObject* key);
+  static Py_ssize_t Length(PyObject* _self);
+  static PyObject* GetIterator(PyObject *_self);
+  static PyObject* IterNext(PyObject* _self);
+  static PyObject* MergeFrom(PyObject* _self, PyObject* arg);
+
+  // Methods that differ between the map types.
+  static PyObject* ScalarMapGetItem(PyObject* _self, PyObject* key);
+  static PyObject* MessageMapGetItem(PyObject* _self, PyObject* key);
+  static int ScalarMapSetItem(PyObject* _self, PyObject* key, PyObject* v);
+  static int MessageMapSetItem(PyObject* _self, PyObject* key, PyObject* v);
+  static PyObject* ScalarMapToStr(PyObject* _self);
+  static PyObject* MessageMapToStr(PyObject* _self);
+};
+
+struct MapIterator {
+  PyObject_HEAD;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<::google::protobuf::MapIterator> iter;
+
+  // A pointer back to the container, so we can notice changes to the version.
+  // We own a ref on this.
+  MapContainer* container;
+
+  // We need to keep a ref on the parent Message too, because
+  // MapIterator::~MapIterator() accesses it.  Normally this would be ok because
+  // the ref on container (above) would guarantee outlive semantics.  However in
+  // the case of ClearField(), the MapContainer points to a different message,
+  // a copy of the original.  But our iterator still points to the original,
+  // which could now get deleted before us.
+  //
+  // To prevent this, we ensure that the Message will always stay alive as long
+  // as this iterator does.  This is solely for the benefit of the MapIterator
+  // destructor -- we should never actually access the iterator in this state
+  // except to delete it.
+  CMessage* parent;
+  // The version of the map when we took the iterator to it.
+  //
+  // We store this so that if the map is modified during iteration we can throw
+  // an error.
+  uint64 version;
+};
+
+Message* MapContainer::GetMutableMessage() {
+  cmessage::AssureWritable(parent);
+  return parent->message;
+}
+
+// Consumes a reference on the Python string object.
+static bool PyStringToSTL(PyObject* py_string, std::string* stl_string) {
+  char *value;
+  Py_ssize_t value_len;
+
+  if (!py_string) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(py_string, &value, &value_len) < 0) {
+    Py_DECREF(py_string);
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    stl_string->assign(value, value_len);
+    Py_DECREF(py_string);
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool PythonToMapKey(PyObject* obj,
+                           const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+                           MapKey* key) {
+  switch (field_descriptor->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT32(obj, value, false);
+      key->SetInt32Value(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT64(obj, value, false);
+      key->SetInt64Value(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_UINT32(obj, value, false);
+      key->SetUInt32Value(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_UINT64(obj, value, false);
+      key->SetUInt64Value(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_BOOL(obj, value, false);
+      key->SetBoolValue(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+      std::string str;
+      if (!PyStringToSTL(CheckString(obj, field_descriptor), &str)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      key->SetStringValue(str);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      PyErr_Format(
+          PyExc_SystemError, "Type %d cannot be a map key",
+          field_descriptor->cpp_type());
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static PyObject* MapKeyToPython(const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+                                const MapKey& key) {
+  switch (field_descriptor->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return PyInt_FromLong(key.GetInt32Value());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return PyLong_FromLongLong(key.GetInt64Value());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return PyInt_FromSize_t(key.GetUInt32Value());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(key.GetUInt64Value());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return PyBool_FromLong(key.GetBoolValue());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      return ToStringObject(field_descriptor, key.GetStringValue());
+    default:
+      PyErr_Format(
+          PyExc_SystemError, "Couldn't convert type %d to value",
+          field_descriptor->cpp_type());
+      return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+// This is only used for ScalarMap, so we don't need to handle the
+// CPPTYPE_MESSAGE case.
+PyObject* MapValueRefToPython(const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+                              const MapValueRef& value) {
+  switch (field_descriptor->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return PyInt_FromLong(value.GetInt32Value());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return PyLong_FromLongLong(value.GetInt64Value());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return PyInt_FromSize_t(value.GetUInt32Value());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(value.GetUInt64Value());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return PyFloat_FromDouble(value.GetFloatValue());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return PyFloat_FromDouble(value.GetDoubleValue());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return PyBool_FromLong(value.GetBoolValue());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      return ToStringObject(field_descriptor, value.GetStringValue());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return PyInt_FromLong(value.GetEnumValue());
+    default:
+      PyErr_Format(
+          PyExc_SystemError, "Couldn't convert type %d to value",
+          field_descriptor->cpp_type());
+      return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+// This is only used for ScalarMap, so we don't need to handle the
+// CPPTYPE_MESSAGE case.
+static bool PythonToMapValueRef(PyObject* obj,
+                                const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+                                bool allow_unknown_enum_values,
+                                MapValueRef* value_ref) {
+  switch (field_descriptor->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT32(obj, value, false);
+      value_ref->SetInt32Value(value);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT64(obj, value, false);
+      value_ref->SetInt64Value(value);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_UINT32(obj, value, false);
+      value_ref->SetUInt32Value(value);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_UINT64(obj, value, false);
+      value_ref->SetUInt64Value(value);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_FLOAT(obj, value, false);
+      value_ref->SetFloatValue(value);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_DOUBLE(obj, value, false);
+      value_ref->SetDoubleValue(value);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_BOOL(obj, value, false);
+      value_ref->SetBoolValue(value);
+      return true;;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+      std::string str;
+      if (!PyStringToSTL(CheckString(obj, field_descriptor), &str)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      value_ref->SetStringValue(str);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT32(obj, value, false);
+      if (allow_unknown_enum_values) {
+        value_ref->SetEnumValue(value);
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor = field_descriptor->enum_type();
+        const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value =
+            enum_descriptor->FindValueByNumber(value);
+        if (enum_value != NULL) {
+          value_ref->SetEnumValue(value);
+          return true;
+        } else {
+          PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Unknown enum value: %d", value);
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      PyErr_Format(
+          PyExc_SystemError, "Setting value to a field of unknown type %d",
+          field_descriptor->cpp_type());
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// Map methods common to ScalarMap and MessageMap //////////////////////////////
+
+static MapContainer* GetMap(PyObject* obj) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<MapContainer*>(obj);
+}
+
+Py_ssize_t MapReflectionFriend::Length(PyObject* _self) {
+  MapContainer* self = GetMap(_self);
+  const google::protobuf::Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  return message->GetReflection()->MapSize(*message,
+                                           self->parent_field_descriptor);
+}
+
+PyObject* Clear(PyObject* _self) {
+  MapContainer* self = GetMap(_self);
+  Message* message = self->GetMutableMessage();
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  reflection->ClearField(message, self->parent_field_descriptor);
+
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+PyObject* GetEntryClass(PyObject* _self) {
+  MapContainer* self = GetMap(_self);
+  CMessageClass* message_class = message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+      cmessage::GetFactoryForMessage(self->parent),
+      self->parent_field_descriptor->message_type());
+  Py_XINCREF(message_class);
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(message_class);
+}
+
+PyObject* MapReflectionFriend::MergeFrom(PyObject* _self, PyObject* arg) {
+  MapContainer* self = GetMap(_self);
+  MapContainer* other_map = GetMap(arg);
+  Message* message = self->GetMutableMessage();
+  const Message* other_message = other_map->parent->message;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  const Reflection* other_reflection = other_message->GetReflection();
+  internal::MapFieldBase* field = reflection->MutableMapData(
+      message, self->parent_field_descriptor);
+  const internal::MapFieldBase* other_field = other_reflection->GetMapData(
+      *other_message, other_map->parent_field_descriptor);
+  field->MergeFrom(*other_field);
+  self->version++;
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+PyObject* MapReflectionFriend::Contains(PyObject* _self, PyObject* key) {
+  MapContainer* self = GetMap(_self);
+
+  const Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  MapKey map_key;
+
+  if (!PythonToMapKey(key, self->key_field_descriptor, &map_key)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (reflection->ContainsMapKey(*message, self->parent_field_descriptor,
+                                 map_key)) {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+  }
+}
+
+// ScalarMap ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+MapContainer* NewScalarMapContainer(
+    CMessage* parent, const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* parent_field_descriptor) {
+  if (!CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(parent_field_descriptor, parent->message)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  PyObject* obj(PyType_GenericAlloc(ScalarMapContainer_Type, 0));
+  if (obj == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                 "Could not allocate new container.");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  MapContainer* self = GetMap(obj);
+
+  Py_INCREF(parent);
+  self->parent = parent;
+  self->parent_field_descriptor = parent_field_descriptor;
+  self->version = 0;
+
+  self->key_field_descriptor =
+      parent_field_descriptor->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  self->value_field_descriptor =
+      parent_field_descriptor->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+
+  if (self->key_field_descriptor == NULL ||
+      self->value_field_descriptor == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError,
+                 "Map entry descriptor did not have key/value fields");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return self;
+}
+
+PyObject* MapReflectionFriend::ScalarMapGetItem(PyObject* _self,
+                                                PyObject* key) {
+  MapContainer* self = GetMap(_self);
+
+  Message* message = self->GetMutableMessage();
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  MapKey map_key;
+  MapValueRef value;
+
+  if (!PythonToMapKey(key, self->key_field_descriptor, &map_key)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, self->parent_field_descriptor,
+                                         map_key, &value)) {
+    self->version++;
+  }
+
+  return MapValueRefToPython(self->value_field_descriptor, value);
+}
+
+int MapReflectionFriend::ScalarMapSetItem(PyObject* _self, PyObject* key,
+                                          PyObject* v) {
+  MapContainer* self = GetMap(_self);
+
+  Message* message = self->GetMutableMessage();
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  MapKey map_key;
+  MapValueRef value;
+
+  if (!PythonToMapKey(key, self->key_field_descriptor, &map_key)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  self->version++;
+
+  if (v) {
+    // Set item to v.
+    reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, self->parent_field_descriptor,
+                                       map_key, &value);
+
+    return PythonToMapValueRef(v, self->value_field_descriptor,
+                               reflection->SupportsUnknownEnumValues(), &value)
+               ? 0
+               : -1;
+  } else {
+    // Delete key from map.
+    if (reflection->DeleteMapValue(message, self->parent_field_descriptor,
+                                   map_key)) {
+      return 0;
+    } else {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "Key not present in map");
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static PyObject* ScalarMapGet(PyObject* self, PyObject* args,
+                              PyObject* kwargs) {
+  static char* kwlist[] = {"key", "default", nullptr};
+  PyObject* key;
+  PyObject* default_value = NULL;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "O|O", kwlist, &key,
+                                   &default_value)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr is_present(MapReflectionFriend::Contains(self, key));
+  if (is_present.get() == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (PyObject_IsTrue(is_present.get())) {
+    return MapReflectionFriend::ScalarMapGetItem(self, key);
+  } else {
+    if (default_value != NULL) {
+      Py_INCREF(default_value);
+      return default_value;
+    } else {
+      Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+PyObject* MapReflectionFriend::ScalarMapToStr(PyObject* _self) {
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr dict(PyDict_New());
+  if (dict == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr key;
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr value;
+
+  MapContainer* self = GetMap(_self);
+  Message* message = self->GetMutableMessage();
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  for (google::protobuf::MapIterator it = reflection->MapBegin(
+           message, self->parent_field_descriptor);
+       it != reflection->MapEnd(message, self->parent_field_descriptor);
+       ++it) {
+    key.reset(MapKeyToPython(self->key_field_descriptor,
+                             it.GetKey()));
+    if (key == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    value.reset(MapValueRefToPython(self->value_field_descriptor,
+                                    it.GetValueRef()));
+    if (value == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(dict.get(), key.get(), value.get()) < 0) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  return PyObject_Repr(dict.get());
+}
+
+static void ScalarMapDealloc(PyObject* _self) {
+  MapContainer* self = GetMap(_self);
+  self->RemoveFromParentCache();
+  PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(_self);
+  type->tp_free(_self);
+  if (type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) {
+    // With Python3, the Map class is not static, and must be managed.
+    Py_DECREF(type);
+  }
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef ScalarMapMethods[] = {
+    {"__contains__", MapReflectionFriend::Contains, METH_O,
+     "Tests whether a key is a member of the map."},
+    {"clear", (PyCFunction)Clear, METH_NOARGS,
+     "Removes all elements from the map."},
+    {"get", (PyCFunction)ScalarMapGet, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+     "Gets the value for the given key if present, or otherwise a default"},
+    {"GetEntryClass", (PyCFunction)GetEntryClass, METH_NOARGS,
+     "Return the class used to build Entries of (key, value) pairs."},
+    {"MergeFrom", (PyCFunction)MapReflectionFriend::MergeFrom, METH_O,
+     "Merges a map into the current map."},
+    /*
+    { "__deepcopy__", (PyCFunction)DeepCopy, METH_VARARGS,
+      "Makes a deep copy of the class." },
+    { "__reduce__", (PyCFunction)Reduce, METH_NOARGS,
+      "Outputs picklable representation of the repeated field." },
+    */
+    {NULL, NULL},
+};
+
+PyTypeObject *ScalarMapContainer_Type;
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  static PyType_Slot ScalarMapContainer_Type_slots[] = {
+      {Py_tp_dealloc, (void *)ScalarMapDealloc},
+      {Py_mp_length, (void *)MapReflectionFriend::Length},
+      {Py_mp_subscript, (void *)MapReflectionFriend::ScalarMapGetItem},
+      {Py_mp_ass_subscript, (void *)MapReflectionFriend::ScalarMapSetItem},
+      {Py_tp_methods, (void *)ScalarMapMethods},
+      {Py_tp_iter, (void *)MapReflectionFriend::GetIterator},
+      {Py_tp_repr, (void *)MapReflectionFriend::ScalarMapToStr},
+      {0, 0},
+  };
+
+  PyType_Spec ScalarMapContainer_Type_spec = {
+      FULL_MODULE_NAME ".ScalarMapContainer",
+      sizeof(MapContainer),
+      0,
+      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
+      ScalarMapContainer_Type_slots
+  };
+#else
+  static PyMappingMethods ScalarMapMappingMethods = {
+    MapReflectionFriend::Length,             // mp_length
+    MapReflectionFriend::ScalarMapGetItem,   // mp_subscript
+    MapReflectionFriend::ScalarMapSetItem,   // mp_ass_subscript
+  };
+
+  PyTypeObject _ScalarMapContainer_Type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+    FULL_MODULE_NAME ".ScalarMapContainer",  //  tp_name
+    sizeof(MapContainer),                //  tp_basicsize
+    0,                                   //  tp_itemsize
+    ScalarMapDealloc,                    //  tp_dealloc
+    0,                                   //  tp_print
+    0,                                   //  tp_getattr
+    0,                                   //  tp_setattr
+    0,                                   //  tp_compare
+    MapReflectionFriend::ScalarMapToStr,  //  tp_repr
+    0,                                   //  tp_as_number
+    0,                                   //  tp_as_sequence
+    &ScalarMapMappingMethods,            //  tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                   //  tp_hash
+    0,                                   //  tp_call
+    0,                                   //  tp_str
+    0,                                   //  tp_getattro
+    0,                                   //  tp_setattro
+    0,                                   //  tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                  //  tp_flags
+    "A scalar map container",            //  tp_doc
+    0,                                   //  tp_traverse
+    0,                                   //  tp_clear
+    0,                                   //  tp_richcompare
+    0,                                   //  tp_weaklistoffset
+    MapReflectionFriend::GetIterator,    //  tp_iter
+    0,                                   //  tp_iternext
+    ScalarMapMethods,                    //  tp_methods
+    0,                                   //  tp_members
+    0,                                   //  tp_getset
+    0,                                   //  tp_base
+    0,                                   //  tp_dict
+    0,                                   //  tp_descr_get
+    0,                                   //  tp_descr_set
+    0,                                   //  tp_dictoffset
+    0,                                   //  tp_init
+  };
+#endif
+
+
+// MessageMap //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static MessageMapContainer* GetMessageMap(PyObject* obj) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<MessageMapContainer*>(obj);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetCMessage(MessageMapContainer* self, Message* message) {
+  // Get or create the CMessage object corresponding to this message.
+  return self->parent
+      ->BuildSubMessageFromPointer(self->parent_field_descriptor, message,
+                                   self->message_class)
+      ->AsPyObject();
+}
+
+MessageMapContainer* NewMessageMapContainer(
+    CMessage* parent, const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* parent_field_descriptor,
+    CMessageClass* message_class) {
+  if (!CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(parent_field_descriptor, parent->message)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  PyObject* obj = PyType_GenericAlloc(MessageMapContainer_Type, 0);
+  if (obj == NULL) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Could not allocate new container.");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  MessageMapContainer* self = GetMessageMap(obj);
+
+  Py_INCREF(parent);
+  self->parent = parent;
+  self->parent_field_descriptor = parent_field_descriptor;
+  self->version = 0;
+
+  self->key_field_descriptor =
+      parent_field_descriptor->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  self->value_field_descriptor =
+      parent_field_descriptor->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+
+  Py_INCREF(message_class);
+  self->message_class = message_class;
+
+  if (self->key_field_descriptor == NULL ||
+      self->value_field_descriptor == NULL) {
+    Py_DECREF(self);
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_KeyError,
+                    "Map entry descriptor did not have key/value fields");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return self;
+}
+
+int MapReflectionFriend::MessageMapSetItem(PyObject* _self, PyObject* key,
+                                           PyObject* v) {
+  if (v) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "Direct assignment of submessage not allowed");
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  // Now we know that this is a delete, not a set.
+
+  MessageMapContainer* self = GetMessageMap(_self);
+  Message* message = self->GetMutableMessage();
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  MapKey map_key;
+  MapValueRef value;
+
+  self->version++;
+
+  if (!PythonToMapKey(key, self->key_field_descriptor, &map_key)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  // Delete key from map.
+  if (reflection->ContainsMapKey(*message, self->parent_field_descriptor,
+                                 map_key)) {
+    // Delete key from CMessage dict.
+    MapValueRef value;
+    reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, self->parent_field_descriptor,
+                                       map_key, &value);
+    Message* sub_message = value.MutableMessageValue();
+    // If there is a living weak reference to an item, we "Release" it,
+    // otherwise we just discard the C++ value.
+    if (CMessage* released =
+            self->parent->MaybeReleaseSubMessage(sub_message)) {
+      Message* msg = released->message;
+      released->message = msg->New();
+      msg->GetReflection()->Swap(msg, released->message);
+    }
+
+    // Delete key from map.
+    reflection->DeleteMapValue(message, self->parent_field_descriptor,
+                               map_key);
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "Key not present in map");
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+
+PyObject* MapReflectionFriend::MessageMapGetItem(PyObject* _self,
+                                                 PyObject* key) {
+  MessageMapContainer* self = GetMessageMap(_self);
+
+  Message* message = self->GetMutableMessage();
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  MapKey map_key;
+  MapValueRef value;
+
+  if (!PythonToMapKey(key, self->key_field_descriptor, &map_key)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, self->parent_field_descriptor,
+                                         map_key, &value)) {
+    self->version++;
+  }
+
+  return GetCMessage(self, value.MutableMessageValue());
+}
+
+PyObject* MapReflectionFriend::MessageMapToStr(PyObject* _self) {
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr dict(PyDict_New());
+  if (dict == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr key;
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr value;
+
+  MessageMapContainer* self = GetMessageMap(_self);
+  Message* message = self->GetMutableMessage();
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  for (google::protobuf::MapIterator it = reflection->MapBegin(
+           message, self->parent_field_descriptor);
+       it != reflection->MapEnd(message, self->parent_field_descriptor);
+       ++it) {
+    key.reset(MapKeyToPython(self->key_field_descriptor,
+                             it.GetKey()));
+    if (key == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    value.reset(GetCMessage(self, it.MutableValueRef()->MutableMessageValue()));
+    if (value == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(dict.get(), key.get(), value.get()) < 0) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  return PyObject_Repr(dict.get());
+}
+
+PyObject* MessageMapGet(PyObject* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
+  static char* kwlist[] = {"key", "default", nullptr};
+  PyObject* key;
+  PyObject* default_value = NULL;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "O|O", kwlist, &key,
+                                   &default_value)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr is_present(MapReflectionFriend::Contains(self, key));
+  if (is_present.get() == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (PyObject_IsTrue(is_present.get())) {
+    return MapReflectionFriend::MessageMapGetItem(self, key);
+  } else {
+    if (default_value != NULL) {
+      Py_INCREF(default_value);
+      return default_value;
+    } else {
+      Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void MessageMapDealloc(PyObject* _self) {
+  MessageMapContainer* self = GetMessageMap(_self);
+  self->RemoveFromParentCache();
+  Py_DECREF(self->message_class);
+  PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(_self);
+  type->tp_free(_self);
+  if (type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) {
+    // With Python3, the Map class is not static, and must be managed.
+    Py_DECREF(type);
+  }
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef MessageMapMethods[] = {
+    {"__contains__", (PyCFunction)MapReflectionFriend::Contains, METH_O,
+     "Tests whether the map contains this element."},
+    {"clear", (PyCFunction)Clear, METH_NOARGS,
+     "Removes all elements from the map."},
+    {"get", (PyCFunction)MessageMapGet, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+     "Gets the value for the given key if present, or otherwise a default"},
+    {"get_or_create", MapReflectionFriend::MessageMapGetItem, METH_O,
+     "Alias for getitem, useful to make explicit that the map is mutated."},
+    {"GetEntryClass", (PyCFunction)GetEntryClass, METH_NOARGS,
+     "Return the class used to build Entries of (key, value) pairs."},
+    {"MergeFrom", (PyCFunction)MapReflectionFriend::MergeFrom, METH_O,
+     "Merges a map into the current map."},
+    /*
+    { "__deepcopy__", (PyCFunction)DeepCopy, METH_VARARGS,
+      "Makes a deep copy of the class." },
+    { "__reduce__", (PyCFunction)Reduce, METH_NOARGS,
+      "Outputs picklable representation of the repeated field." },
+    */
+    {NULL, NULL},
+};
+
+PyTypeObject *MessageMapContainer_Type;
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  static PyType_Slot MessageMapContainer_Type_slots[] = {
+      {Py_tp_dealloc, (void *)MessageMapDealloc},
+      {Py_mp_length, (void *)MapReflectionFriend::Length},
+      {Py_mp_subscript, (void *)MapReflectionFriend::MessageMapGetItem},
+      {Py_mp_ass_subscript, (void *)MapReflectionFriend::MessageMapSetItem},
+      {Py_tp_methods, (void *)MessageMapMethods},
+      {Py_tp_iter, (void *)MapReflectionFriend::GetIterator},
+      {Py_tp_repr, (void *)MapReflectionFriend::MessageMapToStr},
+      {0, 0}
+  };
+
+  PyType_Spec MessageMapContainer_Type_spec = {
+      FULL_MODULE_NAME ".MessageMapContainer",
+      sizeof(MessageMapContainer),
+      0,
+      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
+      MessageMapContainer_Type_slots
+  };
+#else
+  static PyMappingMethods MessageMapMappingMethods = {
+    MapReflectionFriend::Length,              // mp_length
+    MapReflectionFriend::MessageMapGetItem,   // mp_subscript
+    MapReflectionFriend::MessageMapSetItem,   // mp_ass_subscript
+  };
+
+  PyTypeObject _MessageMapContainer_Type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+    FULL_MODULE_NAME ".MessageMapContainer",  //  tp_name
+    sizeof(MessageMapContainer),         //  tp_basicsize
+    0,                                   //  tp_itemsize
+    MessageMapDealloc,                   //  tp_dealloc
+    0,                                   //  tp_print
+    0,                                   //  tp_getattr
+    0,                                   //  tp_setattr
+    0,                                   //  tp_compare
+    MapReflectionFriend::MessageMapToStr,  //  tp_repr
+    0,                                   //  tp_as_number
+    0,                                   //  tp_as_sequence
+    &MessageMapMappingMethods,           //  tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                   //  tp_hash
+    0,                                   //  tp_call
+    0,                                   //  tp_str
+    0,                                   //  tp_getattro
+    0,                                   //  tp_setattro
+    0,                                   //  tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                  //  tp_flags
+    "A map container for message",       //  tp_doc
+    0,                                   //  tp_traverse
+    0,                                   //  tp_clear
+    0,                                   //  tp_richcompare
+    0,                                   //  tp_weaklistoffset
+    MapReflectionFriend::GetIterator,    //  tp_iter
+    0,                                   //  tp_iternext
+    MessageMapMethods,                   //  tp_methods
+    0,                                   //  tp_members
+    0,                                   //  tp_getset
+    0,                                   //  tp_base
+    0,                                   //  tp_dict
+    0,                                   //  tp_descr_get
+    0,                                   //  tp_descr_set
+    0,                                   //  tp_dictoffset
+    0,                                   //  tp_init
+  };
+#endif
+
+// MapIterator /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static MapIterator* GetIter(PyObject* obj) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<MapIterator*>(obj);
+}
+
+PyObject* MapReflectionFriend::GetIterator(PyObject *_self) {
+  MapContainer* self = GetMap(_self);
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr obj(PyType_GenericAlloc(&MapIterator_Type, 0));
+  if (obj == NULL) {
+    return PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "Could not allocate iterator");
+  }
+
+  MapIterator* iter = GetIter(obj.get());
+
+  Py_INCREF(self);
+  iter->container = self;
+  iter->version = self->version;
+  Py_INCREF(self->parent);
+  iter->parent = self->parent;
+
+  if (MapReflectionFriend::Length(_self) > 0) {
+    Message* message = self->GetMutableMessage();
+    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+    iter->iter.reset(new ::google::protobuf::MapIterator(
+        reflection->MapBegin(message, self->parent_field_descriptor)));
+  }
+
+  return obj.release();
+}
+
+PyObject* MapReflectionFriend::IterNext(PyObject* _self) {
+  MapIterator* self = GetIter(_self);
+
+  // This won't catch mutations to the map performed by MergeFrom(); no easy way
+  // to address that.
+  if (self->version != self->container->version) {
+    return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                        "Map modified during iteration.");
+  }
+  if (self->parent != self->container->parent) {
+    return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                        "Map cleared during iteration.");
+  }
+
+  if (self->iter.get() == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  Message* message = self->container->GetMutableMessage();
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  if (*self->iter ==
+      reflection->MapEnd(message, self->container->parent_field_descriptor)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  PyObject* ret = MapKeyToPython(self->container->key_field_descriptor,
+                                 self->iter->GetKey());
+
+  ++(*self->iter);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static void DeallocMapIterator(PyObject* _self) {
+  MapIterator* self = GetIter(_self);
+  self->iter.reset();
+  Py_CLEAR(self->container);
+  Py_CLEAR(self->parent);
+  Py_TYPE(_self)->tp_free(_self);
+}
+
+PyTypeObject MapIterator_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".MapIterator",     //  tp_name
+  sizeof(MapIterator),                 //  tp_basicsize
+  0,                                   //  tp_itemsize
+  DeallocMapIterator,                  //  tp_dealloc
+  0,                                   //  tp_print
+  0,                                   //  tp_getattr
+  0,                                   //  tp_setattr
+  0,                                   //  tp_compare
+  0,                                   //  tp_repr
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_number
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_sequence
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_mapping
+  0,                                   //  tp_hash
+  0,                                   //  tp_call
+  0,                                   //  tp_str
+  0,                                   //  tp_getattro
+  0,                                   //  tp_setattro
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                  //  tp_flags
+  "A scalar map iterator",             //  tp_doc
+  0,                                   //  tp_traverse
+  0,                                   //  tp_clear
+  0,                                   //  tp_richcompare
+  0,                                   //  tp_weaklistoffset
+  PyObject_SelfIter,                   //  tp_iter
+  MapReflectionFriend::IterNext,       //  tp_iternext
+  0,                                   //  tp_methods
+  0,                                   //  tp_members
+  0,                                   //  tp_getset
+  0,                                   //  tp_base
+  0,                                   //  tp_dict
+  0,                                   //  tp_descr_get
+  0,                                   //  tp_descr_set
+  0,                                   //  tp_dictoffset
+  0,                                   //  tp_init
+};
+
+bool InitMapContainers() {
+  // ScalarMapContainer_Type derives from our MutableMapping type.
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr containers(PyImport_ImportModule(
+      "google.protobuf.internal.containers"));
+  if (containers == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr mutable_mapping(
+      PyObject_GetAttrString(containers.get(), "MutableMapping"));
+  if (mutable_mapping == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  Py_INCREF(mutable_mapping.get());
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, mutable_mapping.get()));
+  if (bases == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  ScalarMapContainer_Type = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(
+      PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&ScalarMapContainer_Type_spec, bases.get()));
+#else
+  _ScalarMapContainer_Type.tp_base =
+      reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(mutable_mapping.get());
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&_ScalarMapContainer_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  ScalarMapContainer_Type = &_ScalarMapContainer_Type;
+#endif
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&MapIterator_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  MessageMapContainer_Type = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(
+      PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&MessageMapContainer_Type_spec, bases.get()));
+#else
+  Py_INCREF(mutable_mapping.get());
+  _MessageMapContainer_Type.tp_base =
+      reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(mutable_mapping.get());
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&_MessageMapContainer_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  MessageMapContainer_Type = &_MessageMapContainer_Type;
+#endif
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c9b323ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.h
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_MAP_CONTAINER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_MAP_CONTAINER_H__
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Message;
+
+namespace python {
+
+struct CMessageClass;
+
+// This struct is used directly for ScalarMap, and is the base class of
+// MessageMapContainer, which is used for MessageMap.
+struct MapContainer : public ContainerBase {
+  // Use to get a mutable message when necessary.
+  Message* GetMutableMessage();
+
+  // Cache some descriptors, used to convert keys and values.
+  const FieldDescriptor* key_field_descriptor;
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_field_descriptor;
+  // We bump this whenever we perform a mutation, to invalidate existing
+  // iterators.
+  uint64 version;
+};
+
+struct MessageMapContainer : public MapContainer {
+  // The type used to create new child messages.
+  CMessageClass* message_class;
+};
+
+bool InitMapContainers();
+
+extern PyTypeObject* MessageMapContainer_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject* ScalarMapContainer_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject MapIterator_Type;  // Both map types use the same iterator.
+
+// Builds a MapContainer object, from a parent message and a
+// field descriptor.
+extern MapContainer* NewScalarMapContainer(
+    CMessage* parent, const FieldDescriptor* parent_field_descriptor);
+
+// Builds a MessageMap object, from a parent message and a
+// field descriptor.
+extern MessageMapContainer* NewMessageMapContainer(
+    CMessage* parent, const FieldDescriptor* parent_field_descriptor,
+    CMessageClass* message_class);
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_MAP_CONTAINER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..419f8f516
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,3109 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: anuraag@google.com (Anuraag Agrawal)
+// Author: tibell@google.com (Johan Tibell)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <structmember.h>  // A Python header file.
+
+#ifndef PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT
+#define PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(type, size) PyObject_HEAD_INIT(type) size,
+#endif
+#ifndef Py_TYPE
+#define Py_TYPE(ob) (((PyObject*)(ob))->ob_type)
+#endif
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_scalar_container.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/safe_numerics.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/unknown_fields.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/strtod.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+
+// clang-format off
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+// clang-format on
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  #define PyInt_AsLong PyLong_AsLong
+  #define PyInt_FromLong PyLong_FromLong
+  #define PyInt_FromSize_t PyLong_FromSize_t
+  #define PyString_Check PyUnicode_Check
+  #define PyString_FromString PyUnicode_FromString
+  #define PyString_FromStringAndSize PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize
+  #define PyString_FromFormat PyUnicode_FromFormat
+  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03030000
+    #error "Python 3.0 - 3.2 are not supported."
+  #else
+  #define PyString_AsString(ob) \
+    (PyUnicode_Check(ob)? PyUnicode_AsUTF8(ob): PyBytes_AsString(ob))
+#define PyString_AsStringAndSize(ob, charpp, sizep)                           \
+  (PyUnicode_Check(ob) ? ((*(charpp) = const_cast<char*>(                     \
+                               PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(ob, (sizep)))) == NULL \
+                              ? -1                                            \
+                              : 0)                                            \
+                       : PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(ob, (charpp), (sizep)))
+#endif
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+static PyObject* kDESCRIPTOR;
+PyObject* EnumTypeWrapper_class;
+static PyObject* PythonMessage_class;
+static PyObject* kEmptyWeakref;
+static PyObject* WKT_classes = NULL;
+
+namespace message_meta {
+
+static int InsertEmptyWeakref(PyTypeObject* base);
+
+namespace {
+// Copied over from internal 'google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h'.
+inline void LowerString(std::string* s) {
+  std::string::iterator end = s->end();
+  for (std::string::iterator i = s->begin(); i != end; ++i) {
+    // tolower() changes based on locale.  We don't want this!
+    if ('A' <= *i && *i <= 'Z') *i += 'a' - 'A';
+  }
+}
+}
+
+// Finalize the creation of the Message class.
+static int AddDescriptors(PyObject* cls, const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  // For each field set: cls.<field>_FIELD_NUMBER = <number>
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor = descriptor->field(i);
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr property(NewFieldProperty(field_descriptor));
+    if (property == NULL) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_SetAttrString(cls, field_descriptor->name().c_str(),
+                               property.get()) < 0) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // For each enum set cls.<enum name> = EnumTypeWrapper(<enum descriptor>).
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->enum_type_count(); ++i) {
+    const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor = descriptor->enum_type(i);
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr enum_type(
+        PyEnumDescriptor_FromDescriptor(enum_descriptor));
+    if (enum_type == NULL) {
+      return -1;
+     }
+    // Add wrapped enum type to message class.
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr wrapped(PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(
+        EnumTypeWrapper_class, enum_type.get(), NULL));
+    if (wrapped == NULL) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_SetAttrString(
+            cls, enum_descriptor->name().c_str(), wrapped.get()) == -1) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    // For each enum value add cls.<name> = <number>
+    for (int j = 0; j < enum_descriptor->value_count(); ++j) {
+      const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value_descriptor =
+          enum_descriptor->value(j);
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr value_number(PyInt_FromLong(
+          enum_value_descriptor->number()));
+      if (value_number == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      if (PyObject_SetAttrString(cls, enum_value_descriptor->name().c_str(),
+                                 value_number.get()) == -1) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // For each extension set cls.<extension name> = <extension descriptor>.
+  //
+  // Extension descriptors come from
+  // <message descriptor>.extensions_by_name[name]
+  // which was defined previously.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->extension_count(); ++i) {
+    const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor->extension(i);
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr extension_field(PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(field));
+    if (extension_field == NULL) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Add the extension field to the message class.
+    if (PyObject_SetAttrString(
+            cls, field->name().c_str(), extension_field.get()) == -1) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static PyObject* New(PyTypeObject* type,
+                     PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
+  static char *kwlist[] = {"name", "bases", "dict", 0};
+  PyObject *bases, *dict;
+  const char* name;
+
+  // Check arguments: (name, bases, dict)
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "sO!O!:type", kwlist,
+                                   &name,
+                                   &PyTuple_Type, &bases,
+                                   &PyDict_Type, &dict)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Check bases: only (), or (message.Message,) are allowed
+  if (!(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(bases) == 0 ||
+        (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(bases) == 1 &&
+         PyTuple_GET_ITEM(bases, 0) == PythonMessage_class))) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                    "A Message class can only inherit from Message");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Check dict['DESCRIPTOR']
+  PyObject* descriptor_or_name = PyDict_GetItem(dict, kDESCRIPTOR);
+  if (descriptor_or_name == nullptr) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Message class has no DESCRIPTOR");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char* full_name;
+  const Descriptor* message_descriptor;
+  PyObject* py_descriptor;
+
+  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(descriptor_or_name, &PyMessageDescriptor_Type)) {
+    py_descriptor = descriptor_or_name;
+    message_descriptor = PyMessageDescriptor_AsDescriptor(py_descriptor);
+    if (message_descriptor == nullptr) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(descriptor_or_name, &full_name, &name_size) <
+        0) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    message_descriptor =
+        GetDefaultDescriptorPool()->pool->FindMessageTypeByName(
+            std::string(full_name, name_size));
+    if (message_descriptor == nullptr) {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError,
+                   "Can not find message descriptor %s "
+                   "from pool",
+                   full_name);
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    py_descriptor = PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(message_descriptor);
+    // reset the dict['DESCRIPTOR'] to py_descriptor.
+    PyDict_SetItem(dict, kDESCRIPTOR, py_descriptor);
+  }
+
+  // Messages have no __dict__
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr slots(PyTuple_New(0));
+  if (PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "__slots__", slots.get()) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Build the arguments to the base metaclass.
+  // We change the __bases__ classes.
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr new_args;
+
+  if (WKT_classes == NULL) {
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr well_known_types(PyImport_ImportModule(
+        "google.protobuf.internal.well_known_types"));
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(well_known_types != NULL);
+
+    WKT_classes = PyObject_GetAttrString(well_known_types.get(), "WKTBASES");
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(WKT_classes != NULL);
+  }
+
+  PyObject* well_known_class = PyDict_GetItemString(
+      WKT_classes, message_descriptor->full_name().c_str());
+  if (well_known_class == NULL) {
+    new_args.reset(Py_BuildValue("s(OO)O", name, CMessage_Type,
+                                 PythonMessage_class, dict));
+  } else {
+    new_args.reset(Py_BuildValue("s(OOO)O", name, CMessage_Type,
+                                 PythonMessage_class, well_known_class, dict));
+  }
+
+  if (new_args == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  // Call the base metaclass.
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr result(PyType_Type.tp_new(type, new_args.get(), NULL));
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  CMessageClass* newtype = reinterpret_cast<CMessageClass*>(result.get());
+
+  // Insert the empty weakref into the base classes.
+  if (InsertEmptyWeakref(
+          reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(PythonMessage_class)) < 0 ||
+      InsertEmptyWeakref(CMessage_Type) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Cache the descriptor, both as Python object and as C++ pointer.
+  const Descriptor* descriptor =
+      PyMessageDescriptor_AsDescriptor(py_descriptor);
+  if (descriptor == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_INCREF(py_descriptor);
+  newtype->py_message_descriptor = py_descriptor;
+  newtype->message_descriptor = descriptor;
+  // TODO(amauryfa): Don't always use the canonical pool of the descriptor,
+  // use the MessageFactory optionally passed in the class dict.
+  PyDescriptorPool* py_descriptor_pool =
+      GetDescriptorPool_FromPool(descriptor->file()->pool());
+  if (py_descriptor_pool == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  newtype->py_message_factory = py_descriptor_pool->py_message_factory;
+  Py_INCREF(newtype->py_message_factory);
+
+  // Register the message in the MessageFactory.
+  // TODO(amauryfa): Move this call to MessageFactory.GetPrototype() when the
+  // MessageFactory is fully implemented in C++.
+  if (message_factory::RegisterMessageClass(newtype->py_message_factory,
+                                            descriptor, newtype) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Continue with type initialization: add other descriptors, enum values...
+  if (AddDescriptors(result.get(), descriptor) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return result.release();
+}
+
+static void Dealloc(PyObject* pself) {
+  CMessageClass* self = reinterpret_cast<CMessageClass*>(pself);
+  Py_XDECREF(self->py_message_descriptor);
+  Py_XDECREF(self->py_message_factory);
+  return PyType_Type.tp_dealloc(pself);
+}
+
+static int GcTraverse(PyObject* pself, visitproc visit, void* arg) {
+  CMessageClass* self = reinterpret_cast<CMessageClass*>(pself);
+  Py_VISIT(self->py_message_descriptor);
+  Py_VISIT(self->py_message_factory);
+  return PyType_Type.tp_traverse(pself, visit, arg);
+}
+
+static int GcClear(PyObject* pself) {
+  // It's important to keep the descriptor and factory alive, until the
+  // C++ message is fully destructed.
+  return PyType_Type.tp_clear(pself);
+}
+
+// This function inserts and empty weakref at the end of the list of
+// subclasses for the main protocol buffer Message class.
+//
+// This eliminates a O(n^2) behaviour in the internal add_subclass
+// routine.
+static int InsertEmptyWeakref(PyTypeObject *base_type) {
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  // Python 3.4 has already included the fix for the issue that this
+  // hack addresses. For further background and the fix please see
+  // https://bugs.python.org/issue17936.
+  return 0;
+#else
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+  // The code below causes all new subclasses to append an entry, which is never
+  // cleared. This is a small memory leak, which we disable in Py_DEBUG mode
+  // to have stable refcounting checks.
+#else
+  PyObject *subclasses = base_type->tp_subclasses;
+  if (subclasses && PyList_CheckExact(subclasses)) {
+    return PyList_Append(subclasses, kEmptyWeakref);
+  }
+#endif  // !Py_DEBUG
+  return 0;
+#endif  // PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+}
+
+// The _extensions_by_name dictionary is built on every access.
+// TODO(amauryfa): Migrate all users to pool.FindAllExtensions()
+static PyObject* GetExtensionsByName(CMessageClass *self, void *closure) {
+  if (self->message_descriptor == NULL) {
+    // This is the base Message object, simply raise AttributeError.
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError,
+                    "Base Message class has no DESCRIPTOR");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const PyDescriptorPool* pool = self->py_message_factory->pool;
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> extensions;
+  pool->pool->FindAllExtensions(self->message_descriptor, &extensions);
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr result(PyDict_New());
+  for (int i = 0; i < extensions.size(); i++) {
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr extension(
+        PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(extensions[i]));
+    if (extension == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyDict_SetItemString(result.get(), extensions[i]->full_name().c_str(),
+                             extension.get()) < 0) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  return result.release();
+}
+
+// The _extensions_by_number dictionary is built on every access.
+// TODO(amauryfa): Migrate all users to pool.FindExtensionByNumber()
+static PyObject* GetExtensionsByNumber(CMessageClass *self, void *closure) {
+  if (self->message_descriptor == NULL) {
+    // This is the base Message object, simply raise AttributeError.
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError,
+                    "Base Message class has no DESCRIPTOR");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  const PyDescriptorPool* pool = self->py_message_factory->pool;
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> extensions;
+  pool->pool->FindAllExtensions(self->message_descriptor, &extensions);
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr result(PyDict_New());
+  for (int i = 0; i < extensions.size(); i++) {
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr extension(
+        PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(extensions[i]));
+    if (extension == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr number(PyInt_FromLong(extensions[i]->number()));
+    if (number == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(result.get(), number.get(), extension.get()) < 0) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  return result.release();
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+  {"_extensions_by_name", (getter)GetExtensionsByName, NULL},
+  {"_extensions_by_number", (getter)GetExtensionsByNumber, NULL},
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+// Compute some class attributes on the fly:
+// - All the _FIELD_NUMBER attributes, for all fields and nested extensions.
+// Returns a new reference, or NULL with an exception set.
+static PyObject* GetClassAttribute(CMessageClass *self, PyObject* name) {
+  char* attr;
+  Py_ssize_t attr_size;
+  static const char kSuffix[] = "_FIELD_NUMBER";
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(name, &attr, &attr_size) >= 0 &&
+      strings::EndsWith(StringPiece(attr, attr_size), kSuffix)) {
+    std::string field_name(attr, attr_size - sizeof(kSuffix) + 1);
+    LowerString(&field_name);
+
+    // Try to find a field with the given name, without the suffix.
+    const FieldDescriptor* field =
+        self->message_descriptor->FindFieldByLowercaseName(field_name);
+    if (!field) {
+      // Search nested extensions as well.
+      field =
+          self->message_descriptor->FindExtensionByLowercaseName(field_name);
+    }
+    if (field) {
+      return PyInt_FromLong(field->number());
+    }
+  }
+  PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_AttributeError, name);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetAttr(CMessageClass* self, PyObject* name) {
+  PyObject* result = CMessageClass_Type->tp_base->tp_getattro(
+      reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self), name);
+  if (result != NULL) {
+    return result;
+  }
+  if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  PyErr_Clear();
+  return GetClassAttribute(self, name);
+}
+
+}  // namespace message_meta
+
+static PyTypeObject _CMessageClass_Type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0) FULL_MODULE_NAME
+    ".MessageMeta",                       // tp_name
+    sizeof(CMessageClass),                // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                    // tp_itemsize
+    message_meta::Dealloc,                // tp_dealloc
+    0,                                    // tp_print
+    0,                                    // tp_getattr
+    0,                                    // tp_setattr
+    0,                                    // tp_compare
+    0,                                    // tp_repr
+    0,                                    // tp_as_number
+    0,                                    // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                    // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                    // tp_hash
+    0,                                    // tp_call
+    0,                                    // tp_str
+    (getattrofunc)message_meta::GetAttr,  // tp_getattro
+    0,                                    // tp_setattro
+    0,                                    // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,  // tp_flags
+    "The metaclass of ProtocolMessages",                            // tp_doc
+    message_meta::GcTraverse,  // tp_traverse
+    message_meta::GcClear,     // tp_clear
+    0,                         // tp_richcompare
+    0,                         // tp_weaklistoffset
+    0,                         // tp_iter
+    0,                         // tp_iternext
+    0,                         // tp_methods
+    0,                         // tp_members
+    message_meta::Getters,     // tp_getset
+    0,                         // tp_base
+    0,                         // tp_dict
+    0,                         // tp_descr_get
+    0,                         // tp_descr_set
+    0,                         // tp_dictoffset
+    0,                         // tp_init
+    0,                         // tp_alloc
+    message_meta::New,         // tp_new
+};
+PyTypeObject* CMessageClass_Type = &_CMessageClass_Type;
+
+static CMessageClass* CheckMessageClass(PyTypeObject* cls) {
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(cls, CMessageClass_Type)) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Class %s is not a Message", cls->tp_name);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return reinterpret_cast<CMessageClass*>(cls);
+}
+
+static const Descriptor* GetMessageDescriptor(PyTypeObject* cls) {
+  CMessageClass* type = CheckMessageClass(cls);
+  if (type == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return type->message_descriptor;
+}
+
+// Forward declarations
+namespace cmessage {
+int InternalReleaseFieldByDescriptor(
+    CMessage* self,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor);
+}  // namespace cmessage
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PyObject* EncodeError_class;
+PyObject* DecodeError_class;
+PyObject* PickleError_class;
+
+// Format an error message for unexpected types.
+// Always return with an exception set.
+void FormatTypeError(PyObject* arg, char* expected_types) {
+  // This function is often called with an exception set.
+  // Clear it to call PyObject_Repr() in good conditions.
+  PyErr_Clear();
+  PyObject* repr = PyObject_Repr(arg);
+  if (repr) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                 "%.100s has type %.100s, but expected one of: %s",
+                 PyString_AsString(repr),
+                 Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name,
+                 expected_types);
+    Py_DECREF(repr);
+  }
+}
+
+void OutOfRangeError(PyObject* arg) {
+  PyObject *s = PyObject_Str(arg);
+  if (s) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "Value out of range: %s",
+                 PyString_AsString(s));
+    Py_DECREF(s);
+  }
+}
+
+template<class RangeType, class ValueType>
+bool VerifyIntegerCastAndRange(PyObject* arg, ValueType value) {
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())) {
+    if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_OverflowError)) {
+      // Replace it with the same ValueError as pure python protos instead of
+      // the default one.
+      PyErr_Clear();
+      OutOfRangeError(arg);
+    }  // Otherwise propagate existing error.
+    return false;
+    }
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!IsValidNumericCast<RangeType>(value))) {
+      OutOfRangeError(arg);
+      return false;
+    }
+  return true;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+bool CheckAndGetInteger(PyObject* arg, T* value) {
+  // The fast path.
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+  // For the typical case, offer a fast path.
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(PyInt_Check(arg))) {
+    long int_result = PyInt_AsLong(arg);
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(IsValidNumericCast<T>(int_result))) {
+      *value = static_cast<T>(int_result);
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      OutOfRangeError(arg);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  // This effectively defines an integer as "an object that can be cast as
+  // an integer and can be used as an ordinal number".
+  // This definition includes everything that implements numbers.Integral
+  // and shouldn't cast the net too wide.
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!PyIndex_Check(arg))) {
+      FormatTypeError(arg, "int, long");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  // Now we have an integral number so we can safely use PyLong_ functions.
+  // We need to treat the signed and unsigned cases differently in case arg is
+  // holding a value above the maximum for signed longs.
+  if (std::numeric_limits<T>::min() == 0) {
+    // Unsigned case.
+    unsigned PY_LONG_LONG ulong_result;
+    if (PyLong_Check(arg)) {
+      ulong_result = PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(arg);
+    } else {
+      // Unlike PyLong_AsLongLong, PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong is very
+      // picky about the exact type.
+      PyObject* casted = PyNumber_Long(arg);
+      if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(casted == nullptr)) {
+        // Propagate existing error.
+        return false;
+        }
+      ulong_result = PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(casted);
+      Py_DECREF(casted);
+    }
+    if (VerifyIntegerCastAndRange<T, unsigned PY_LONG_LONG>(arg,
+                                                            ulong_result)) {
+      *value = static_cast<T>(ulong_result);
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Signed case.
+    PY_LONG_LONG long_result;
+    PyNumberMethods *nb;
+    if ((nb = arg->ob_type->tp_as_number) != NULL && nb->nb_int != NULL) {
+      // PyLong_AsLongLong requires it to be a long or to have an __int__()
+      // method.
+      long_result = PyLong_AsLongLong(arg);
+    } else {
+      // Valid subclasses of numbers.Integral should have a __long__() method
+      // so fall back to that.
+      PyObject* casted = PyNumber_Long(arg);
+      if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(casted == nullptr)) {
+        // Propagate existing error.
+        return false;
+        }
+      long_result = PyLong_AsLongLong(casted);
+      Py_DECREF(casted);
+    }
+    if (VerifyIntegerCastAndRange<T, PY_LONG_LONG>(arg, long_result)) {
+      *value = static_cast<T>(long_result);
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// These are referenced by repeated_scalar_container, and must
+// be explicitly instantiated.
+template bool CheckAndGetInteger<int32>(PyObject*, int32*);
+template bool CheckAndGetInteger<int64>(PyObject*, int64*);
+template bool CheckAndGetInteger<uint32>(PyObject*, uint32*);
+template bool CheckAndGetInteger<uint64>(PyObject*, uint64*);
+
+bool CheckAndGetDouble(PyObject* arg, double* value) {
+  *value = PyFloat_AsDouble(arg);
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(*value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())) {
+    FormatTypeError(arg, "int, long, float");
+    return false;
+    }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CheckAndGetFloat(PyObject* arg, float* value) {
+  double double_value;
+  if (!CheckAndGetDouble(arg, &double_value)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *value = io::SafeDoubleToFloat(double_value);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CheckAndGetBool(PyObject* arg, bool* value) {
+  long long_value = PyInt_AsLong(arg);
+  if (long_value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+    FormatTypeError(arg, "int, long, bool");
+    return false;
+  }
+  *value = static_cast<bool>(long_value);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Checks whether the given object (which must be "bytes" or "unicode") contains
+// valid UTF-8.
+bool IsValidUTF8(PyObject* obj) {
+  if (PyBytes_Check(obj)) {
+    PyObject* unicode = PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject(obj, "utf-8", NULL);
+
+    // Clear the error indicator; we report our own error when desired.
+    PyErr_Clear();
+
+    if (unicode) {
+      Py_DECREF(unicode);
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Unicode object, known to be valid UTF-8.
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+bool AllowInvalidUTF8(const FieldDescriptor* field) { return false; }
+
+PyObject* CheckString(PyObject* arg, const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING ||
+         descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES);
+  if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING) {
+    if (!PyBytes_Check(arg) && !PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
+      FormatTypeError(arg, "bytes, unicode");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (!IsValidUTF8(arg) && !AllowInvalidUTF8(descriptor)) {
+      PyObject* repr = PyObject_Repr(arg);
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                   "%s has type str, but isn't valid UTF-8 "
+                   "encoding. Non-UTF-8 strings must be converted to "
+                   "unicode objects before being added.",
+                   PyString_AsString(repr));
+      Py_DECREF(repr);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  } else if (!PyBytes_Check(arg)) {
+    FormatTypeError(arg, "bytes");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  PyObject* encoded_string = NULL;
+  if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING) {
+    if (PyBytes_Check(arg)) {
+      // The bytes were already validated as correctly encoded UTF-8 above.
+      encoded_string = arg;  // Already encoded.
+      Py_INCREF(encoded_string);
+    } else {
+      encoded_string = PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(arg, "utf-8", NULL);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // In this case field type is "bytes".
+    encoded_string = arg;
+    Py_INCREF(encoded_string);
+  }
+
+  return encoded_string;
+}
+
+bool CheckAndSetString(
+    PyObject* arg, Message* message,
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+    const Reflection* reflection,
+    bool append,
+    int index) {
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr encoded_string(CheckString(arg, descriptor));
+
+  if (encoded_string.get() == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  char* value;
+  Py_ssize_t value_len;
+  if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(encoded_string.get(), &value, &value_len) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  string value_string(value, value_len);
+  if (append) {
+    reflection->AddString(message, descriptor, std::move(value_string));
+  } else if (index < 0) {
+    reflection->SetString(message, descriptor, std::move(value_string));
+  } else {
+    reflection->SetRepeatedString(message, descriptor, index,
+                                  std::move(value_string));
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+PyObject* ToStringObject(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                         const std::string& value) {
+  if (descriptor->type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING) {
+    return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(value.c_str(), value.length());
+  }
+
+  PyObject* result = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(value.c_str(), value.length(), NULL);
+  // If the string can't be decoded in UTF-8, just return a string object that
+  // contains the raw bytes. This can't happen if the value was assigned using
+  // the members of the Python message object, but can happen if the values were
+  // parsed from the wire (binary).
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Clear();
+    result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(value.c_str(), value.length());
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+                                const Message* message) {
+  if (message->GetDescriptor() == field_descriptor->containing_type()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "Field '%s' does not belong to message '%s'",
+               field_descriptor->full_name().c_str(),
+               message->GetDescriptor()->full_name().c_str());
+  return false;
+}
+
+namespace cmessage {
+
+PyMessageFactory* GetFactoryForMessage(CMessage* message) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(PyObject_TypeCheck(message, CMessage_Type));
+  return reinterpret_cast<CMessageClass*>(Py_TYPE(message))->py_message_factory;
+}
+
+static int MaybeReleaseOverlappingOneofField(
+    CMessage* cmessage,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_ONEOF
+  Message* message = cmessage->message;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  if (!field->containing_oneof() ||
+      !reflection->HasOneof(*message, field->containing_oneof()) ||
+      reflection->HasField(*message, field)) {
+    // No other field in this oneof, no need to release.
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  const OneofDescriptor* oneof = field->containing_oneof();
+  const FieldDescriptor* existing_field =
+      reflection->GetOneofFieldDescriptor(*message, oneof);
+  if (existing_field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    // Non-message fields don't need to be released.
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (InternalReleaseFieldByDescriptor(cmessage, existing_field) < 0) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+#endif
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// After a Merge, visit every sub-message that was read-only, and
+// eventually update their pointer if the Merge operation modified them.
+int FixupMessageAfterMerge(CMessage* self) {
+  if (!self->composite_fields) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  for (const auto& item : *self->composite_fields) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor = item.first;
+    if (descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        !descriptor->is_repeated()) {
+      CMessage* cmsg = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(item.second);
+      if (cmsg->read_only == false) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+      Message* message = self->message;
+      const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+      if (reflection->HasField(*message, descriptor)) {
+        // Message used to be read_only, but is no longer. Get the new pointer
+        // and record it.
+        Message* mutable_message =
+            reflection->MutableMessage(message, descriptor, nullptr);
+        cmsg->message = mutable_message;
+        cmsg->read_only = false;
+        if (FixupMessageAfterMerge(cmsg) < 0) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Making a message writable
+
+int AssureWritable(CMessage* self) {
+  if (self == NULL || !self->read_only) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Toplevel messages are always mutable.
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(self->parent);
+
+  if (AssureWritable(self->parent) == -1)
+    return -1;
+
+  // If this message is part of a oneof, there might be a field to release in
+  // the parent.
+  if (MaybeReleaseOverlappingOneofField(self->parent,
+                                        self->parent_field_descriptor) < 0) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  // Make self->message writable.
+  Message* parent_message = self->parent->message;
+  const Reflection* reflection = parent_message->GetReflection();
+  Message* mutable_message = reflection->MutableMessage(
+      parent_message, self->parent_field_descriptor,
+      GetFactoryForMessage(self->parent)->message_factory);
+  if (mutable_message == NULL) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  self->message = mutable_message;
+  self->read_only = false;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// --- Globals:
+
+// Retrieve a C++ FieldDescriptor for an extension handle.
+const FieldDescriptor* GetExtensionDescriptor(PyObject* extension) {
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr cdescriptor;
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(extension, &PyFieldDescriptor_Type)) {
+    // Most callers consider extensions as a plain dictionary.  We should
+    // allow input which is not a field descriptor, and simply pretend it does
+    // not exist.
+    PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_KeyError, extension);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return PyFieldDescriptor_AsDescriptor(extension);
+}
+
+// If value is a string, convert it into an enum value based on the labels in
+// descriptor, otherwise simply return value.  Always returns a new reference.
+static PyObject* GetIntegerEnumValue(const FieldDescriptor& descriptor,
+                                     PyObject* value) {
+  if (PyString_Check(value) || PyUnicode_Check(value)) {
+    const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor = descriptor.enum_type();
+    if (enum_descriptor == NULL) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "not an enum field");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    char* enum_label;
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+    if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(value, &enum_label, &size) < 0) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value_descriptor =
+        enum_descriptor->FindValueByName(std::string(enum_label, size));
+    if (enum_value_descriptor == NULL) {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "unknown enum label \"%s\"", enum_label);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyInt_FromLong(enum_value_descriptor->number());
+  }
+  Py_INCREF(value);
+  return value;
+}
+
+// Delete a slice from a repeated field.
+// The only way to remove items in C++ protos is to delete the last one,
+// so we swap items to move the deleted ones at the end, and then strip the
+// sequence.
+int DeleteRepeatedField(
+    CMessage* self,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+    PyObject* slice) {
+  Py_ssize_t length, from, to, step, slice_length;
+  Message* message = self->message;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  int min, max;
+  length = reflection->FieldSize(*message, field_descriptor);
+
+  if (PySlice_Check(slice)) {
+    from = to = step = slice_length = 0;
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+    PySlice_GetIndicesEx(
+        reinterpret_cast<PySliceObject*>(slice),
+        length, &from, &to, &step, &slice_length);
+#else
+    PySlice_GetIndicesEx(
+        slice,
+        length, &from, &to, &step, &slice_length);
+#endif
+    if (from < to) {
+      min = from;
+      max = to - 1;
+    } else {
+      min = to + 1;
+      max = from;
+    }
+  } else {
+    from = to = PyLong_AsLong(slice);
+    if (from == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "list indices must be integers");
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (from < 0) {
+      from = to = length + from;
+    }
+    step = 1;
+    min = max = from;
+
+    // Range check.
+    if (from < 0 || from >= length) {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_IndexError, "list assignment index out of range");
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Py_ssize_t i = from;
+  std::vector<bool> to_delete(length, false);
+  while (i >= min && i <= max) {
+    to_delete[i] = true;
+    i += step;
+  }
+
+  // Swap elements so that items to delete are at the end.
+  to = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+    if (!to_delete[i]) {
+      if (i != to) {
+        reflection->SwapElements(message, field_descriptor, i, to);
+      }
+      ++to;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Remove items, starting from the end.
+  for (; length > to; length--) {
+    if (field_descriptor->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      reflection->RemoveLast(message, field_descriptor);
+      continue;
+    }
+    // It seems that RemoveLast() is less efficient for sub-messages, and
+    // the memory is not completely released. Prefer ReleaseLast().
+    Message* sub_message = reflection->ReleaseLast(message, field_descriptor);
+    // If there is a live weak reference to an item being removed, we "Release"
+    // it, and it takes ownership of the message.
+    if (CMessage* released = self->MaybeReleaseSubMessage(sub_message)) {
+      released->message = sub_message;
+    } else {
+      // sub_message was not transferred, delete it.
+      delete sub_message;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Initializes fields of a message. Used in constructors.
+int InitAttributes(CMessage* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
+  if (args != NULL && PyTuple_Size(args) != 0) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "No positional arguments allowed");
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (kwargs == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+  PyObject* name;
+  PyObject* value;
+  while (PyDict_Next(kwargs, &pos, &name, &value)) {
+    if (!(PyString_Check(name) || PyUnicode_Check(name))) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Field name must be a string");
+      return -1;
+    }
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr property(
+        PyObject_GetAttr(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(Py_TYPE(self)), name));
+    if (property == NULL ||
+        !PyObject_TypeCheck(property.get(), CFieldProperty_Type)) {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Protocol message %s has no \"%s\" field.",
+                   self->message->GetDescriptor()->name().c_str(),
+                   PyString_AsString(name));
+      return -1;
+    }
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor =
+        reinterpret_cast<PyMessageFieldProperty*>(property.get())
+            ->field_descriptor;
+    if (value == Py_None) {
+      // field=None is the same as no field at all.
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (descriptor->is_map()) {
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr map(GetFieldValue(self, descriptor));
+      const FieldDescriptor* value_descriptor =
+          descriptor->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+      if (value_descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+        ScopedPyObjectPtr iter(PyObject_GetIter(value));
+        if (iter == NULL) {
+          PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Argument %s is not iterable", PyString_AsString(name));
+          return -1;
+        }
+        ScopedPyObjectPtr next;
+        while ((next.reset(PyIter_Next(iter.get()))) != NULL) {
+          ScopedPyObjectPtr source_value(PyObject_GetItem(value, next.get()));
+          ScopedPyObjectPtr dest_value(PyObject_GetItem(map.get(), next.get()));
+          if (source_value.get() == NULL || dest_value.get() == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+          }
+          ScopedPyObjectPtr ok(PyObject_CallMethod(
+              dest_value.get(), "MergeFrom", "O", source_value.get()));
+          if (ok.get() == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        ScopedPyObjectPtr function_return;
+        function_return.reset(
+            PyObject_CallMethod(map.get(), "update", "O", value));
+        if (function_return.get() == NULL) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (descriptor->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED) {
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr container(GetFieldValue(self, descriptor));
+      if (container == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      if (descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+        RepeatedCompositeContainer* rc_container =
+            reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(container.get());
+        ScopedPyObjectPtr iter(PyObject_GetIter(value));
+        if (iter == NULL) {
+          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Value must be iterable");
+          return -1;
+        }
+        ScopedPyObjectPtr next;
+        while ((next.reset(PyIter_Next(iter.get()))) != NULL) {
+          PyObject* kwargs = (PyDict_Check(next.get()) ? next.get() : NULL);
+          ScopedPyObjectPtr new_msg(
+              repeated_composite_container::Add(rc_container, NULL, kwargs));
+          if (new_msg == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+          }
+          if (kwargs == NULL) {
+            // next was not a dict, it's a message we need to merge
+            ScopedPyObjectPtr merged(MergeFrom(
+                reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(new_msg.get()), next.get()));
+            if (merged.get() == NULL) {
+              return -1;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+          // Check to see how PyIter_Next() exited.
+          return -1;
+        }
+      } else if (descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
+        RepeatedScalarContainer* rs_container =
+            reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(container.get());
+        ScopedPyObjectPtr iter(PyObject_GetIter(value));
+        if (iter == NULL) {
+          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Value must be iterable");
+          return -1;
+        }
+        ScopedPyObjectPtr next;
+        while ((next.reset(PyIter_Next(iter.get()))) != NULL) {
+          ScopedPyObjectPtr enum_value(
+              GetIntegerEnumValue(*descriptor, next.get()));
+          if (enum_value == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+          }
+          ScopedPyObjectPtr new_msg(repeated_scalar_container::Append(
+              rs_container, enum_value.get()));
+          if (new_msg == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+          }
+        }
+        if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+          // Check to see how PyIter_Next() exited.
+          return -1;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (ScopedPyObjectPtr(repeated_scalar_container::Extend(
+                reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(container.get()),
+                value)) ==
+            NULL) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr message(GetFieldValue(self, descriptor));
+      if (message == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      CMessage* cmessage = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(message.get());
+      if (PyDict_Check(value)) {
+        // Make the message exist even if the dict is empty.
+        AssureWritable(cmessage);
+        if (InitAttributes(cmessage, NULL, value) < 0) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+      } else {
+        ScopedPyObjectPtr merged(MergeFrom(cmessage, value));
+        if (merged == NULL) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr new_val;
+      if (descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
+        new_val.reset(GetIntegerEnumValue(*descriptor, value));
+        if (new_val == NULL) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+        value = new_val.get();
+      }
+      if (SetFieldValue(self, descriptor, value) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Allocates an incomplete Python Message: the caller must fill self->message
+// and eventually self->parent.
+CMessage* NewEmptyMessage(CMessageClass* type) {
+  CMessage* self = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(
+      PyType_GenericAlloc(&type->super.ht_type, 0));
+  if (self == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  self->message = NULL;
+  self->parent = NULL;
+  self->parent_field_descriptor = NULL;
+  self->read_only = false;
+
+  self->composite_fields = NULL;
+  self->child_submessages = NULL;
+
+  self->unknown_field_set = NULL;
+
+  return self;
+}
+
+// The __new__ method of Message classes.
+// Creates a new C++ message and takes ownership.
+static PyObject* New(PyTypeObject* cls,
+                     PyObject* unused_args, PyObject* unused_kwargs) {
+  CMessageClass* type = CheckMessageClass(cls);
+  if (type == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  // Retrieve the message descriptor and the default instance (=prototype).
+  const Descriptor* message_descriptor = type->message_descriptor;
+  if (message_descriptor == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  const Message* prototype =
+      type->py_message_factory->message_factory->GetPrototype(
+          message_descriptor);
+  if (prototype == NULL) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, message_descriptor->full_name().c_str());
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  CMessage* self = NewEmptyMessage(type);
+  if (self == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  self->message = prototype->New();
+  self->parent = nullptr;  // This message owns its data.
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+// The __init__ method of Message classes.
+// It initializes fields from keywords passed to the constructor.
+static int Init(CMessage* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
+  return InitAttributes(self, args, kwargs);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Deallocating a CMessage
+
+static void Dealloc(CMessage* self) {
+  if (self->weakreflist) {
+    PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+  }
+  // At this point all dependent objects have been removed.
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!self->child_submessages || self->child_submessages->empty());
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!self->composite_fields || self->composite_fields->empty());
+  delete self->child_submessages;
+  delete self->composite_fields;
+  if (self->unknown_field_set) {
+    unknown_fields::Clear(
+        reinterpret_cast<PyUnknownFields*>(self->unknown_field_set));
+  }
+
+  CMessage* parent = self->parent;
+  if (!parent) {
+    // No parent, we own the message.
+    delete self->message;
+  } else if (parent->AsPyObject() == Py_None) {
+    // Message owned externally: Nothing to dealloc
+    Py_CLEAR(self->parent);
+  } else {
+    // Clear this message from its parent's map.
+    if (self->parent_field_descriptor->is_repeated()) {
+      if (parent->child_submessages)
+        parent->child_submessages->erase(self->message);
+    } else {
+      if (parent->composite_fields)
+        parent->composite_fields->erase(self->parent_field_descriptor);
+    }
+    Py_CLEAR(self->parent);
+  }
+  Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+PyObject* IsInitialized(CMessage* self, PyObject* args) {
+  PyObject* errors = NULL;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|O", &errors)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (self->message->IsInitialized()) {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  }
+  if (errors != NULL) {
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr initialization_errors(
+        FindInitializationErrors(self));
+    if (initialization_errors == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr extend_name(PyString_FromString("extend"));
+    if (extend_name == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(
+        errors,
+        extend_name.get(),
+        initialization_errors.get(),
+        NULL));
+    if (result == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+}
+
+int HasFieldByDescriptor(CMessage* self,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor) {
+  Message* message = self->message;
+  if (!CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(field_descriptor, message)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (field_descriptor->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_KeyError,
+                    "Field is repeated. A singular method is required.");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return message->GetReflection()->HasField(*message, field_descriptor);
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* FindFieldWithOneofs(const Message* message,
+                                           const std::string& field_name,
+                                           bool* in_oneof) {
+  *in_oneof = false;
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message->GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor =
+      descriptor->FindFieldByName(field_name);
+  if (field_descriptor != NULL) {
+    return field_descriptor;
+  }
+  const OneofDescriptor* oneof_desc =
+      descriptor->FindOneofByName(field_name);
+  if (oneof_desc != NULL) {
+    *in_oneof = true;
+    return message->GetReflection()->GetOneofFieldDescriptor(*message,
+                                                             oneof_desc);
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+bool CheckHasPresence(const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor, bool in_oneof) {
+  auto message_name = field_descriptor->containing_type()->name();
+  if (field_descriptor->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "Protocol message %s has no singular \"%s\" field.",
+                 message_name.c_str(), field_descriptor->name().c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (field_descriptor->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+    // HasField() for a oneof *itself* isn't supported.
+    if (in_oneof) {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                   "Can't test oneof field \"%s.%s\" for presence in proto3, "
+                   "use WhichOneof instead.", message_name.c_str(),
+                   field_descriptor->containing_oneof()->name().c_str());
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // ...but HasField() for fields *in* a oneof is supported.
+    if (field_descriptor->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (field_descriptor->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      PyErr_Format(
+          PyExc_ValueError,
+          "Can't test non-submessage field \"%s.%s\" for presence in proto3.",
+          message_name.c_str(), field_descriptor->name().c_str());
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+PyObject* HasField(CMessage* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  char* field_name;
+  Py_ssize_t size;
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &field_name, &size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+#else
+  field_name = const_cast<char*>(PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(arg, &size));
+  if (!field_name) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  Message* message = self->message;
+  bool is_in_oneof;
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor =
+      FindFieldWithOneofs(message, std::string(field_name, size), &is_in_oneof);
+  if (field_descriptor == NULL) {
+    if (!is_in_oneof) {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Protocol message %s has no field %s.",
+                   message->GetDescriptor()->name().c_str(), field_name);
+      return NULL;
+    } else {
+      Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!CheckHasPresence(field_descriptor, is_in_oneof)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (message->GetReflection()->HasField(*message, field_descriptor)) {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  }
+
+  Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+}
+
+PyObject* ClearExtension(CMessage* self, PyObject* extension) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor = GetExtensionDescriptor(extension);
+  if (descriptor == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (ClearFieldByDescriptor(self, descriptor) < 0) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+PyObject* HasExtension(CMessage* self, PyObject* extension) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor = GetExtensionDescriptor(extension);
+  if (descriptor == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  int has_field = HasFieldByDescriptor(self, descriptor);
+  if (has_field < 0) {
+    return nullptr;
+  } else {
+    return PyBool_FromLong(has_field);
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Releasing messages
+//
+// The Python API's ClearField() and Clear() methods behave
+// differently than their C++ counterparts.  While the C++ versions
+// clears the children, the Python versions detaches the children,
+// without touching their content.  This impedance mismatch causes
+// some complexity in the implementation, which is captured in this
+// section.
+//
+// When one or multiple fields are cleared we need to:
+//
+// * Gather all child objects that need to be detached from the message.
+//   In composite_fields and child_submessages.
+//
+// * Create a new Python message of the same kind. Use SwapFields() to move
+//   data from the original message.
+//
+// * Change the parent of all child objects: update their strong reference
+//   to their parent, and move their presence in composite_fields and
+//   child_submessages.
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Release a composite child of a CMessage
+
+static int InternalReparentFields(
+    CMessage* self, const std::vector<CMessage*>& messages_to_release,
+    const std::vector<ContainerBase*>& containers_to_release) {
+  if (messages_to_release.empty() && containers_to_release.empty()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Move all the passed sub_messages to another message.
+  CMessage* new_message = cmessage::NewEmptyMessage(self->GetMessageClass());
+  if (new_message == nullptr) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  new_message->message = self->message->New();
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr holder(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(new_message));
+  new_message->child_submessages = new CMessage::SubMessagesMap();
+  new_message->composite_fields = new CMessage::CompositeFieldsMap();
+  std::set<const FieldDescriptor*> fields_to_swap;
+
+  // In case this the removed fields are the last reference to a message, keep
+  // a reference.
+  Py_INCREF(self);
+
+  for (const auto& to_release : messages_to_release) {
+    fields_to_swap.insert(to_release->parent_field_descriptor);
+    // Reparent
+    Py_INCREF(new_message);
+    Py_DECREF(to_release->parent);
+    to_release->parent = new_message;
+    self->child_submessages->erase(to_release->message);
+    new_message->child_submessages->emplace(to_release->message, to_release);
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& to_release : containers_to_release) {
+    fields_to_swap.insert(to_release->parent_field_descriptor);
+    Py_INCREF(new_message);
+    Py_DECREF(to_release->parent);
+    to_release->parent = new_message;
+    self->composite_fields->erase(to_release->parent_field_descriptor);
+    new_message->composite_fields->emplace(to_release->parent_field_descriptor,
+                                           to_release);
+  }
+
+  self->message->GetReflection()->SwapFields(
+      self->message, new_message->message,
+      std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>(fields_to_swap.begin(),
+                                          fields_to_swap.end()));
+
+  // This might delete the Python message completely if all children were moved.
+  Py_DECREF(self);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int InternalReleaseFieldByDescriptor(
+    CMessage* self,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor) {
+  if (!field_descriptor->is_repeated() &&
+      field_descriptor->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    // Single scalars are not in any cache.
+    return 0;
+  }
+  std::vector<CMessage*> messages_to_release;
+  std::vector<ContainerBase*> containers_to_release;
+  if (self->child_submessages && field_descriptor->is_repeated() &&
+      field_descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    for (const auto& child_item : *self->child_submessages) {
+      if (child_item.second->parent_field_descriptor == field_descriptor) {
+        messages_to_release.push_back(child_item.second);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (self->composite_fields) {
+    CMessage::CompositeFieldsMap::iterator it =
+        self->composite_fields->find(field_descriptor);
+    if (it != self->composite_fields->end()) {
+      containers_to_release.push_back(it->second);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return InternalReparentFields(self, messages_to_release,
+                                containers_to_release);
+}
+
+int ClearFieldByDescriptor(CMessage* self,
+                           const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor) {
+  if (!CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(field_descriptor, self->message)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (InternalReleaseFieldByDescriptor(self, field_descriptor) < 0) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  AssureWritable(self);
+  Message* message = self->message;
+  message->GetReflection()->ClearField(message, field_descriptor);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+PyObject* ClearField(CMessage* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  char* field_name;
+  Py_ssize_t field_size;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &field_name, &field_size) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  AssureWritable(self);
+  bool is_in_oneof;
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor = FindFieldWithOneofs(
+      self->message, std::string(field_name, field_size), &is_in_oneof);
+  if (field_descriptor == NULL) {
+    if (is_in_oneof) {
+      // We gave the name of a oneof, and none of its fields are set.
+      Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    } else {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                   "Protocol message has no \"%s\" field.", field_name);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ClearFieldByDescriptor(self, field_descriptor) < 0) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+PyObject* Clear(CMessage* self) {
+  AssureWritable(self);
+  // Detach all current fields of this message
+  std::vector<CMessage*> messages_to_release;
+  std::vector<ContainerBase*> containers_to_release;
+  if (self->child_submessages) {
+    for (const auto& item : *self->child_submessages) {
+      messages_to_release.push_back(item.second);
+    }
+  }
+  if (self->composite_fields) {
+    for (const auto& item : *self->composite_fields) {
+      containers_to_release.push_back(item.second);
+    }
+  }
+  if (InternalReparentFields(self, messages_to_release, containers_to_release) <
+      0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (self->unknown_field_set) {
+    unknown_fields::Clear(
+        reinterpret_cast<PyUnknownFields*>(self->unknown_field_set));
+    self->unknown_field_set = nullptr;
+  }
+  self->message->Clear();
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static std::string GetMessageName(CMessage* self) {
+  if (self->parent_field_descriptor != NULL) {
+    return self->parent_field_descriptor->full_name();
+  } else {
+    return self->message->GetDescriptor()->full_name();
+  }
+}
+
+static PyObject* InternalSerializeToString(
+    CMessage* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs,
+    bool require_initialized) {
+  // Parse the "deterministic" kwarg; defaults to False.
+  static char* kwlist[] = { "deterministic", 0 };
+  PyObject* deterministic_obj = Py_None;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|O", kwlist,
+                                   &deterministic_obj)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  // Preemptively convert to a bool first, so we don't need to back out of
+  // allocating memory if this raises an exception.
+  // NOTE: This is unused later if deterministic == Py_None, but that's fine.
+  int deterministic = PyObject_IsTrue(deterministic_obj);
+  if (deterministic < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (require_initialized && !self->message->IsInitialized()) {
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr errors(FindInitializationErrors(self));
+    if (errors == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr comma(PyString_FromString(","));
+    if (comma == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr joined(
+        PyObject_CallMethod(comma.get(), "join", "O", errors.get()));
+    if (joined == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+    // TODO(haberman): this is a (hopefully temporary) hack.  The unit testing
+    // infrastructure reloads all pure-Python modules for every test, but not
+    // C++ modules (because that's generally impossible:
+    // http://bugs.python.org/issue1144263).  But if we cache EncodeError, we'll
+    // return the EncodeError from a previous load of the module, which won't
+    // match a user's attempt to catch EncodeError.  So we have to look it up
+    // again every time.
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr message_module(PyImport_ImportModule(
+        "google.protobuf.message"));
+    if (message_module.get() == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr encode_error(
+        PyObject_GetAttrString(message_module.get(), "EncodeError"));
+    if (encode_error.get() == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    PyErr_Format(encode_error.get(),
+                 "Message %s is missing required fields: %s",
+                 GetMessageName(self).c_str(), PyString_AsString(joined.get()));
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Ok, arguments parsed and errors checked, now encode to a string
+  const size_t size = self->message->ByteSizeLong();
+  if (size == 0) {
+    return PyBytes_FromString("");
+  }
+
+  if (size > INT_MAX) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "Message %s exceeds maximum protobuf "
+                 "size of 2GB: %zu",
+                 GetMessageName(self).c_str(), size);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  PyObject* result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size);
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  io::ArrayOutputStream out(PyBytes_AS_STRING(result), size);
+  io::CodedOutputStream coded_out(&out);
+  if (deterministic_obj != Py_None) {
+    coded_out.SetSerializationDeterministic(deterministic);
+  }
+  self->message->SerializeWithCachedSizes(&coded_out);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!coded_out.HadError());
+  return result;
+}
+
+static PyObject* SerializeToString(
+    CMessage* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
+  return InternalSerializeToString(self, args, kwargs,
+                                   /*require_initialized=*/true);
+}
+
+static PyObject* SerializePartialToString(
+    CMessage* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
+  return InternalSerializeToString(self, args, kwargs,
+                                   /*require_initialized=*/false);
+}
+
+// Formats proto fields for ascii dumps using python formatting functions where
+// appropriate.
+class PythonFieldValuePrinter : public TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter {
+ public:
+  // Python has some differences from C++ when printing floating point numbers.
+  //
+  // 1) Trailing .0 is always printed.
+  // 2) (Python2) Output is rounded to 12 digits.
+  // 3) (Python3) The full precision of the double is preserved (and Python uses
+  //    David M. Gay's dtoa(), when the C++ code uses SimpleDtoa. There are some
+  //    differences, but they rarely happen)
+  //
+  // We override floating point printing with the C-API function for printing
+  // Python floats to ensure consistency.
+  void PrintFloat(float val,
+                  TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    PrintDouble(val, generator);
+  }
+  void PrintDouble(double val,
+                   TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    // This implementation is not highly optimized (it allocates two temporary
+    // Python objects) but it is simple and portable.  If this is shown to be a
+    // performance bottleneck, we can optimize it, but the results will likely
+    // be more complicated to accommodate the differing behavior of double
+    // formatting between Python 2 and Python 3.
+    //
+    // (Though a valid question is: do we really want to make out output
+    // dependent on the Python version?)
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr py_value(PyFloat_FromDouble(val));
+    if (!py_value.get()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr py_str(PyObject_Str(py_value.get()));
+    if (!py_str.get()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    generator->PrintString(PyString_AsString(py_str.get()));
+  }
+};
+
+static PyObject* ToStr(CMessage* self) {
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  // Passes ownership
+  printer.SetDefaultFieldValuePrinter(new PythonFieldValuePrinter());
+  printer.SetHideUnknownFields(true);
+  std::string output;
+  if (!printer.PrintToString(*self->message, &output)) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Unable to convert message to str");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return PyString_FromString(output.c_str());
+}
+
+PyObject* MergeFrom(CMessage* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  CMessage* other_message;
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(arg, CMessage_Type)) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                 "Parameter to MergeFrom() must be instance of same class: "
+                 "expected %s got %s.",
+                 self->message->GetDescriptor()->full_name().c_str(),
+                 Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  other_message = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(arg);
+  if (other_message->message->GetDescriptor() !=
+      self->message->GetDescriptor()) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                 "Parameter to MergeFrom() must be instance of same class: "
+                 "expected %s got %s.",
+                 self->message->GetDescriptor()->full_name().c_str(),
+                 other_message->message->GetDescriptor()->full_name().c_str());
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  AssureWritable(self);
+
+  self->message->MergeFrom(*other_message->message);
+  // Child message might be lazily created before MergeFrom. Make sure they
+  // are mutable at this point if child messages are really created.
+  if (FixupMessageAfterMerge(self) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject* CopyFrom(CMessage* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  CMessage* other_message;
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(arg, CMessage_Type)) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                 "Parameter to CopyFrom() must be instance of same class: "
+                 "expected %s got %s.",
+                 self->message->GetDescriptor()->full_name().c_str(),
+                 Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  other_message = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(arg);
+
+  if (self == other_message) {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  }
+
+  if (other_message->message->GetDescriptor() !=
+      self->message->GetDescriptor()) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                 "Parameter to CopyFrom() must be instance of same class: "
+                 "expected %s got %s.",
+                 self->message->GetDescriptor()->full_name().c_str(),
+                 other_message->message->GetDescriptor()->full_name().c_str());
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  AssureWritable(self);
+
+  // CopyFrom on the message will not clean up self->composite_fields,
+  // which can leave us in an inconsistent state, so clear it out here.
+  (void)ScopedPyObjectPtr(Clear(self));
+
+  self->message->CopyFrom(*other_message->message);
+
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+// Protobuf has a 64MB limit built in, this variable will override this. Please
+// do not enable this unless you fully understand the implications: protobufs
+// must all be kept in memory at the same time, so if they grow too big you may
+// get OOM errors. The protobuf APIs do not provide any tools for processing
+// protobufs in chunks.  If you have protos this big you should break them up if
+// it is at all convenient to do so.
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_PYTHON_ALLOW_OVERSIZE_PROTOS
+static bool allow_oversize_protos = true;
+#else
+static bool allow_oversize_protos = false;
+#endif
+
+// Provide a method in the module to set allow_oversize_protos to a boolean
+// value. This method returns the newly value of allow_oversize_protos.
+PyObject* SetAllowOversizeProtos(PyObject* m, PyObject* arg) {
+  if (!arg || !PyBool_Check(arg)) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                    "Argument to SetAllowOversizeProtos must be boolean");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  allow_oversize_protos = PyObject_IsTrue(arg);
+  if (allow_oversize_protos) {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+  }
+}
+
+static PyObject* MergeFromString(CMessage* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  const void* data;
+  Py_ssize_t data_length;
+  if (PyObject_AsReadBuffer(arg, &data, &data_length) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  AssureWritable(self);
+
+  PyMessageFactory* factory = GetFactoryForMessage(self);
+  int depth = allow_oversize_protos
+                  ? INT_MAX
+                  : io::CodedInputStream::GetDefaultRecursionLimit();
+  const char* ptr;
+  internal::ParseContext ctx(
+      depth, false, &ptr,
+      StringPiece(static_cast<const char*>(data), data_length));
+  ctx.data().pool = factory->pool->pool;
+  ctx.data().factory = factory->message_factory;
+
+  ptr = self->message->_InternalParse(ptr, &ctx);
+
+  // Child message might be lazily created before MergeFrom. Make sure they
+  // are mutable at this point if child messages are really created.
+  if (FixupMessageAfterMerge(self) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Python makes distinction in error message, between a general parse failure
+  // and in-correct ending on a terminating tag. Hence we need to be a bit more
+  // explicit in our correctness checks.
+  if (ptr == nullptr || ctx.BytesUntilLimit(ptr) < 0) {
+    // Parse error or the parser overshoot the limit.
+    PyErr_Format(DecodeError_class, "Error parsing message");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  // ctx has an explicit limit set (length of string_view), so we have to
+  // check we ended at that limit.
+  if (!ctx.EndedAtLimit()) {
+    // TODO(jieluo): Raise error and return NULL instead.
+    // b/27494216
+    PyErr_Warn(nullptr, "Unexpected end-group tag: Not all data was converted");
+    return PyInt_FromLong(data_length - ctx.BytesUntilLimit(ptr));
+  }
+  return PyInt_FromLong(data_length);
+}
+
+static PyObject* ParseFromString(CMessage* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  if (ScopedPyObjectPtr(Clear(self)) == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return MergeFromString(self, arg);
+}
+
+static PyObject* ByteSize(CMessage* self, PyObject* args) {
+  return PyLong_FromLong(self->message->ByteSizeLong());
+}
+
+PyObject* RegisterExtension(PyObject* cls, PyObject* extension_handle) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor =
+      GetExtensionDescriptor(extension_handle);
+  if (descriptor == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(cls, CMessageClass_Type)) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Expected a message class, got %s",
+                 cls->ob_type->tp_name);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  CMessageClass *message_class = reinterpret_cast<CMessageClass*>(cls);
+  if (message_class == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  // If the extension was already registered, check that it is the same.
+  const FieldDescriptor* existing_extension =
+      message_class->py_message_factory->pool->pool->FindExtensionByNumber(
+          descriptor->containing_type(), descriptor->number());
+  if (existing_extension != NULL && existing_extension != descriptor) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Double registration of Extensions");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject* SetInParent(CMessage* self, PyObject* args) {
+  AssureWritable(self);
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject* WhichOneof(CMessage* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  Py_ssize_t name_size;
+  char *name_data;
+  if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(arg, &name_data, &name_size) < 0)
+    return NULL;
+  std::string oneof_name = std::string(name_data, name_size);
+  const OneofDescriptor* oneof_desc =
+      self->message->GetDescriptor()->FindOneofByName(oneof_name);
+  if (oneof_desc == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "Protocol message has no oneof \"%s\" field.",
+                 oneof_name.c_str());
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_in_oneof =
+      self->message->GetReflection()->GetOneofFieldDescriptor(
+          *self->message, oneof_desc);
+  if (field_in_oneof == NULL) {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  } else {
+    const std::string& name = field_in_oneof->name();
+    return PyString_FromStringAndSize(name.c_str(), name.size());
+  }
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetExtensionDict(CMessage* self, void *closure);
+
+static PyObject* ListFields(CMessage* self) {
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  self->message->GetReflection()->ListFields(*self->message, &fields);
+
+  // Normally, the list will be exactly the size of the fields.
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr all_fields(PyList_New(fields.size()));
+  if (all_fields == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // When there are unknown extensions, the py list will *not* contain
+  // the field information.  Thus the actual size of the py list will be
+  // smaller than the size of fields.  Set the actual size at the end.
+  Py_ssize_t actual_size = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < fields.size(); ++i) {
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr t(PyTuple_New(2));
+    if (t == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (fields[i]->is_extension()) {
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr extension_field(
+          PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(fields[i]));
+      if (extension_field == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      // With C++ descriptors, the field can always be retrieved, but for
+      // unknown extensions which have not been imported in Python code, there
+      // is no message class and we cannot retrieve the value.
+      // TODO(amauryfa): consider building the class on the fly!
+      if (fields[i]->message_type() != NULL &&
+          message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+              GetFactoryForMessage(self),
+              fields[i]->message_type()) == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        continue;
+      }
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr extensions(GetExtensionDict(self, NULL));
+      if (extensions == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      // 'extension' reference later stolen by PyTuple_SET_ITEM.
+      PyObject* extension = PyObject_GetItem(
+          extensions.get(), extension_field.get());
+      if (extension == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      PyTuple_SET_ITEM(t.get(), 0, extension_field.release());
+      // Steals reference to 'extension'
+      PyTuple_SET_ITEM(t.get(), 1, extension);
+    } else {
+      // Normal field
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr field_descriptor(
+          PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(fields[i]));
+      if (field_descriptor == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+      }
+
+      PyObject* field_value = GetFieldValue(self, fields[i]);
+      if (field_value == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, fields[i]->name().c_str());
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      PyTuple_SET_ITEM(t.get(), 0, field_descriptor.release());
+      PyTuple_SET_ITEM(t.get(), 1, field_value);
+    }
+    PyList_SET_ITEM(all_fields.get(), actual_size, t.release());
+    ++actual_size;
+  }
+  if (static_cast<size_t>(actual_size) != fields.size() &&
+      (PyList_SetSlice(all_fields.get(), actual_size, fields.size(), NULL) <
+       0)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return all_fields.release();
+}
+
+static PyObject* DiscardUnknownFields(CMessage* self) {
+  AssureWritable(self);
+  self->message->DiscardUnknownFields();
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+PyObject* FindInitializationErrors(CMessage* self) {
+  Message* message = self->message;
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+  message->FindInitializationErrors(&errors);
+
+  PyObject* error_list = PyList_New(errors.size());
+  if (error_list == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < errors.size(); ++i) {
+    const std::string& error = errors[i];
+    PyObject* error_string = PyString_FromStringAndSize(
+        error.c_str(), error.length());
+    if (error_string == NULL) {
+      Py_DECREF(error_list);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    PyList_SET_ITEM(error_list, i, error_string);
+  }
+  return error_list;
+}
+
+static PyObject* RichCompare(CMessage* self, PyObject* other, int opid) {
+  // Only equality comparisons are implemented.
+  if (opid != Py_EQ && opid != Py_NE) {
+    Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
+    return Py_NotImplemented;
+  }
+  bool equals = true;
+  // If other is not a message, it cannot be equal.
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(other, CMessage_Type)) {
+    equals = false;
+  }
+  const google::protobuf::Message* other_message =
+      reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(other)->message;
+  // If messages don't have the same descriptors, they are not equal.
+  if (equals &&
+      self->message->GetDescriptor() != other_message->GetDescriptor()) {
+    equals = false;
+  }
+  // Check the message contents.
+  if (equals && !google::protobuf::util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(
+          *self->message,
+          *reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(other)->message)) {
+    equals = false;
+  }
+
+  if (equals ^ (opid == Py_EQ)) {
+    Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+  } else {
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  }
+}
+
+PyObject* InternalGetScalar(const Message* message,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  if (!CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(field_descriptor, message)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  PyObject* result = NULL;
+  switch (field_descriptor->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
+      int32 value = reflection->GetInt32(*message, field_descriptor);
+      result = PyInt_FromLong(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
+      int64 value = reflection->GetInt64(*message, field_descriptor);
+      result = PyLong_FromLongLong(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
+      uint32 value = reflection->GetUInt32(*message, field_descriptor);
+      result = PyInt_FromSize_t(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
+      uint64 value = reflection->GetUInt64(*message, field_descriptor);
+      result = PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT: {
+      float value = reflection->GetFloat(*message, field_descriptor);
+      result = PyFloat_FromDouble(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      double value = reflection->GetDouble(*message, field_descriptor);
+      result = PyFloat_FromDouble(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL: {
+      bool value = reflection->GetBool(*message, field_descriptor);
+      result = PyBool_FromLong(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+      std::string scratch;
+      const std::string& value =
+          reflection->GetStringReference(*message, field_descriptor, &scratch);
+      result = ToStringObject(field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM: {
+      const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value =
+          message->GetReflection()->GetEnum(*message, field_descriptor);
+      result = PyInt_FromLong(enum_value->number());
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      PyErr_Format(
+          PyExc_SystemError, "Getting a value from a field of unknown type %d",
+          field_descriptor->cpp_type());
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+CMessage* InternalGetSubMessage(
+    CMessage* self, const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = self->message->GetReflection();
+  PyMessageFactory* factory = GetFactoryForMessage(self);
+  const Message& sub_message = reflection->GetMessage(
+      *self->message, field_descriptor, factory->message_factory);
+
+  CMessageClass* message_class = message_factory::GetOrCreateMessageClass(
+      factory, field_descriptor->message_type());
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr message_class_owner(
+      reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(message_class));
+  if (message_class == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  CMessage* cmsg = cmessage::NewEmptyMessage(message_class);
+  if (cmsg == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  Py_INCREF(self);
+  cmsg->parent = self;
+  cmsg->parent_field_descriptor = field_descriptor;
+  cmsg->read_only = !reflection->HasField(*self->message, field_descriptor);
+  cmsg->message = const_cast<Message*>(&sub_message);
+  return cmsg;
+}
+
+int InternalSetNonOneofScalar(
+    Message* message,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+    PyObject* arg) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  if (!CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(field_descriptor, message)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  switch (field_descriptor->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT32(arg, value, -1);
+      reflection->SetInt32(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT64(arg, value, -1);
+      reflection->SetInt64(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_UINT32(arg, value, -1);
+      reflection->SetUInt32(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_UINT64(arg, value, -1);
+      reflection->SetUInt64(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_FLOAT(arg, value, -1);
+      reflection->SetFloat(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_DOUBLE(arg, value, -1);
+      reflection->SetDouble(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_BOOL(arg, value, -1);
+      reflection->SetBool(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+      if (!CheckAndSetString(
+          arg, message, field_descriptor, reflection, false, -1)) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT32(arg, value, -1);
+      if (reflection->SupportsUnknownEnumValues()) {
+        reflection->SetEnumValue(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      } else {
+        const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor = field_descriptor->enum_type();
+        const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value =
+            enum_descriptor->FindValueByNumber(value);
+        if (enum_value != NULL) {
+          reflection->SetEnum(message, field_descriptor, enum_value);
+        } else {
+          PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Unknown enum value: %d", value);
+          return -1;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      PyErr_Format(
+          PyExc_SystemError, "Setting value to a field of unknown type %d",
+          field_descriptor->cpp_type());
+      return -1;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int InternalSetScalar(
+    CMessage* self,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+    PyObject* arg) {
+  if (!CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(field_descriptor, self->message)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (MaybeReleaseOverlappingOneofField(self, field_descriptor) < 0) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  return InternalSetNonOneofScalar(self->message, field_descriptor, arg);
+}
+
+PyObject* FromString(PyTypeObject* cls, PyObject* serialized) {
+  PyObject* py_cmsg = PyObject_CallObject(
+      reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(cls), NULL);
+  if (py_cmsg == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  CMessage* cmsg = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(py_cmsg);
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr py_length(MergeFromString(cmsg, serialized));
+  if (py_length == NULL) {
+    Py_DECREF(py_cmsg);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return py_cmsg;
+}
+
+PyObject* DeepCopy(CMessage* self, PyObject* arg) {
+  PyObject* clone = PyObject_CallObject(
+      reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(Py_TYPE(self)), NULL);
+  if (clone == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(clone, CMessage_Type)) {
+    Py_DECREF(clone);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (ScopedPyObjectPtr(MergeFrom(
+          reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(clone),
+          reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self))) == NULL) {
+    Py_DECREF(clone);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return clone;
+}
+
+PyObject* ToUnicode(CMessage* self) {
+  // Lazy import to prevent circular dependencies
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr text_format(
+      PyImport_ImportModule("google.protobuf.text_format"));
+  if (text_format == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr method_name(PyString_FromString("MessageToString"));
+  if (method_name == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_INCREF(Py_True);
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr encoded(PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(
+      text_format.get(), method_name.get(), self, Py_True, NULL));
+  Py_DECREF(Py_True);
+  if (encoded == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+  PyObject* decoded = PyString_AsDecodedObject(encoded.get(), "utf-8", NULL);
+#else
+  PyObject* decoded = PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject(encoded.get(), "utf-8", NULL);
+#endif
+  if (decoded == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return decoded;
+}
+
+// CMessage static methods:
+PyObject* _CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile(PyObject* unused,
+                                        PyObject* unused_arg) {
+  if (!_CalledFromGeneratedFile(1)) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                    "Descriptors should not be created directly, "
+                    "but only retrieved from their parent.");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetExtensionDict(CMessage* self, void *closure) {
+  // If there are extension_ranges, the message is "extendable". Allocate a
+  // dictionary to store the extension fields.
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = GetMessageDescriptor(Py_TYPE(self));
+  if (!descriptor->extension_range_count()) {
+    PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_AttributeError);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (!self->composite_fields) {
+    self->composite_fields = new CMessage::CompositeFieldsMap();
+  }
+  if (!self->composite_fields) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ExtensionDict* extension_dict = extension_dict::NewExtensionDict(self);
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(extension_dict);
+}
+
+static PyObject* UnknownFieldSet(CMessage* self) {
+  if (self->unknown_field_set == NULL) {
+    self->unknown_field_set = unknown_fields::NewPyUnknownFields(self);
+  } else {
+    Py_INCREF(self->unknown_field_set);
+  }
+  return self->unknown_field_set;
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetExtensionsByName(CMessage *self, void *closure) {
+  return message_meta::GetExtensionsByName(
+      reinterpret_cast<CMessageClass*>(Py_TYPE(self)), closure);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetExtensionsByNumber(CMessage *self, void *closure) {
+  return message_meta::GetExtensionsByNumber(
+      reinterpret_cast<CMessageClass*>(Py_TYPE(self)), closure);
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+  {"Extensions", (getter)GetExtensionDict, NULL, "Extension dict"},
+  {"_extensions_by_name", (getter)GetExtensionsByName, NULL},
+  {"_extensions_by_number", (getter)GetExtensionsByNumber, NULL},
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "__deepcopy__", (PyCFunction)DeepCopy, METH_VARARGS,
+    "Makes a deep copy of the class." },
+  { "__unicode__", (PyCFunction)ToUnicode, METH_NOARGS,
+    "Outputs a unicode representation of the message." },
+  { "ByteSize", (PyCFunction)ByteSize, METH_NOARGS,
+    "Returns the size of the message in bytes." },
+  { "Clear", (PyCFunction)Clear, METH_NOARGS,
+    "Clears the message." },
+  { "ClearExtension", (PyCFunction)ClearExtension, METH_O,
+    "Clears a message field." },
+  { "ClearField", (PyCFunction)ClearField, METH_O,
+    "Clears a message field." },
+  { "CopyFrom", (PyCFunction)CopyFrom, METH_O,
+    "Copies a protocol message into the current message." },
+  { "DiscardUnknownFields", (PyCFunction)DiscardUnknownFields, METH_NOARGS,
+    "Discards the unknown fields." },
+  { "FindInitializationErrors", (PyCFunction)FindInitializationErrors,
+    METH_NOARGS,
+    "Finds unset required fields." },
+  { "FromString", (PyCFunction)FromString, METH_O | METH_CLASS,
+    "Creates new method instance from given serialized data." },
+  { "HasExtension", (PyCFunction)HasExtension, METH_O,
+    "Checks if a message field is set." },
+  { "HasField", (PyCFunction)HasField, METH_O,
+    "Checks if a message field is set." },
+  { "IsInitialized", (PyCFunction)IsInitialized, METH_VARARGS,
+    "Checks if all required fields of a protocol message are set." },
+  { "ListFields", (PyCFunction)ListFields, METH_NOARGS,
+    "Lists all set fields of a message." },
+  { "MergeFrom", (PyCFunction)MergeFrom, METH_O,
+    "Merges a protocol message into the current message." },
+  { "MergeFromString", (PyCFunction)MergeFromString, METH_O,
+    "Merges a serialized message into the current message." },
+  { "ParseFromString", (PyCFunction)ParseFromString, METH_O,
+    "Parses a serialized message into the current message." },
+  { "RegisterExtension", (PyCFunction)RegisterExtension, METH_O | METH_CLASS,
+    "Registers an extension with the current message." },
+  { "SerializePartialToString", (PyCFunction)SerializePartialToString,
+    METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+    "Serializes the message to a string, even if it isn't initialized." },
+  { "SerializeToString", (PyCFunction)SerializeToString,
+    METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+    "Serializes the message to a string, only for initialized messages." },
+  { "SetInParent", (PyCFunction)SetInParent, METH_NOARGS,
+    "Sets the has bit of the given field in its parent message." },
+  { "UnknownFields", (PyCFunction)UnknownFieldSet, METH_NOARGS,
+    "Parse unknown field set"},
+  { "WhichOneof", (PyCFunction)WhichOneof, METH_O,
+    "Returns the name of the field set inside a oneof, "
+    "or None if no field is set." },
+
+  // Static Methods.
+  { "_CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile", (PyCFunction)_CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile,
+    METH_NOARGS | METH_STATIC,
+    "Raises TypeError if the caller is not in a _pb2.py file."},
+  { NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+bool SetCompositeField(CMessage* self, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                       ContainerBase* value) {
+  if (self->composite_fields == NULL) {
+    self->composite_fields = new CMessage::CompositeFieldsMap();
+  }
+  (*self->composite_fields)[field] = value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool SetSubmessage(CMessage* self, CMessage* submessage) {
+  if (self->child_submessages == NULL) {
+    self->child_submessages = new CMessage::SubMessagesMap();
+  }
+  (*self->child_submessages)[submessage->message] = submessage;
+  return true;
+}
+
+PyObject* GetAttr(PyObject* pself, PyObject* name) {
+  CMessage* self = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(pself);
+  PyObject* result = PyObject_GenericGetAttr(
+      reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self), name);
+  if (result != NULL) {
+    return result;
+  }
+  if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  PyErr_Clear();
+  return message_meta::GetClassAttribute(
+      CheckMessageClass(Py_TYPE(self)), name);
+}
+
+PyObject* GetFieldValue(CMessage* self,
+                        const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor) {
+  if (self->composite_fields) {
+    CMessage::CompositeFieldsMap::iterator it =
+        self->composite_fields->find(field_descriptor);
+    if (it != self->composite_fields->end()) {
+      ContainerBase* value = it->second;
+      Py_INCREF(value);
+      return value->AsPyObject();
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (self->message->GetDescriptor() != field_descriptor->containing_type()) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                 "descriptor to field '%s' doesn't apply to '%s' object",
+                 field_descriptor->full_name().c_str(),
+                 Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (!field_descriptor->is_repeated() &&
+      field_descriptor->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return InternalGetScalar(self->message, field_descriptor);
+  }
+
+  ContainerBase* py_container = nullptr;
+  if (field_descriptor->is_map()) {
+    const Descriptor* entry_type = field_descriptor->message_type();
+    const FieldDescriptor* value_type = entry_type->FindFieldByName("value");
+    if (value_type->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      CMessageClass* value_class = message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+          GetFactoryForMessage(self), value_type->message_type());
+      if (value_class == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      py_container =
+          NewMessageMapContainer(self, field_descriptor, value_class);
+    } else {
+      py_container = NewScalarMapContainer(self, field_descriptor);
+    }
+  } else if (field_descriptor->is_repeated()) {
+    if (field_descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      CMessageClass* message_class = message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+          GetFactoryForMessage(self), field_descriptor->message_type());
+      if (message_class == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      py_container = repeated_composite_container::NewContainer(
+          self, field_descriptor, message_class);
+    } else {
+      py_container =
+          repeated_scalar_container::NewContainer(self, field_descriptor);
+    }
+  } else if (field_descriptor->cpp_type() ==
+             FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    py_container = InternalGetSubMessage(self, field_descriptor);
+  } else {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "Should never happen");
+  }
+
+  if (py_container == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (!SetCompositeField(self, field_descriptor, py_container)) {
+    Py_DECREF(py_container);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return py_container->AsPyObject();
+}
+
+int SetFieldValue(CMessage* self, const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+                  PyObject* value) {
+  if (self->message->GetDescriptor() != field_descriptor->containing_type()) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                 "descriptor to field '%s' doesn't apply to '%s' object",
+                 field_descriptor->full_name().c_str(),
+                 Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name);
+    return -1;
+  } else if (field_descriptor->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
+                 "Assignment not allowed to repeated "
+                 "field \"%s\" in protocol message object.",
+                 field_descriptor->name().c_str());
+    return -1;
+  } else if (field_descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
+                 "Assignment not allowed to "
+                 "field \"%s\" in protocol message object.",
+                 field_descriptor->name().c_str());
+    return -1;
+  } else {
+    AssureWritable(self);
+    return InternalSetScalar(self, field_descriptor, value);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace cmessage
+
+// All containers which are not messages:
+// - Make a new parent message
+// - Copy the field
+// - return the field.
+PyObject* ContainerBase::DeepCopy() {
+  CMessage* new_parent =
+      cmessage::NewEmptyMessage(this->parent->GetMessageClass());
+  new_parent->message = this->parent->message->New();
+
+  // Copy the map field into the new message.
+  this->parent->message->GetReflection()->SwapFields(
+      this->parent->message, new_parent->message,
+      {this->parent_field_descriptor});
+  this->parent->message->MergeFrom(*new_parent->message);
+
+  PyObject* result =
+      cmessage::GetFieldValue(new_parent, this->parent_field_descriptor);
+  Py_DECREF(new_parent);
+  return result;
+}
+
+void ContainerBase::RemoveFromParentCache() {
+  CMessage* parent = this->parent;
+  if (parent) {
+    if (parent->composite_fields)
+      parent->composite_fields->erase(this->parent_field_descriptor);
+    Py_CLEAR(parent);
+  }
+}
+
+CMessage* CMessage::BuildSubMessageFromPointer(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor, Message* sub_message,
+    CMessageClass* message_class) {
+  if (!this->child_submessages) {
+    this->child_submessages = new CMessage::SubMessagesMap();
+  }
+  CMessage* cmsg = FindPtrOrNull(
+      *this->child_submessages, sub_message);
+  if (cmsg) {
+    Py_INCREF(cmsg);
+  } else {
+    cmsg = cmessage::NewEmptyMessage(message_class);
+
+    if (cmsg == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    cmsg->message = sub_message;
+    Py_INCREF(this);
+    cmsg->parent = this;
+    cmsg->parent_field_descriptor = field_descriptor;
+    cmessage::SetSubmessage(this, cmsg);
+  }
+  return cmsg;
+}
+
+CMessage* CMessage::MaybeReleaseSubMessage(Message* sub_message) {
+  if (!this->child_submessages) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  CMessage* released = FindPtrOrNull(
+      *this->child_submessages, sub_message);
+  if (!released) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  // The target message will now own its content.
+  Py_CLEAR(released->parent);
+  released->parent_field_descriptor = nullptr;
+  released->read_only = false;
+  // Delete it from the cache.
+  this->child_submessages->erase(sub_message);
+  return released;
+}
+
+static CMessageClass _CMessage_Type = { { {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&_CMessageClass_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".CMessage",        // tp_name
+  sizeof(CMessage),                    // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                   //  tp_itemsize
+  (destructor)cmessage::Dealloc,       //  tp_dealloc
+  0,                                   //  tp_print
+  0,                                   //  tp_getattr
+  0,                                   //  tp_setattr
+  0,                                   //  tp_compare
+  (reprfunc)cmessage::ToStr,           //  tp_repr
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_number
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_sequence
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_mapping
+  PyObject_HashNotImplemented,         //  tp_hash
+  0,                                   //  tp_call
+  (reprfunc)cmessage::ToStr,           //  tp_str
+  cmessage::GetAttr,                   //  tp_getattro
+  0,                                   //  tp_setattro
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE
+      | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG,   //  tp_flags
+  "A ProtocolMessage",                 //  tp_doc
+  0,                                   //  tp_traverse
+  0,                                   //  tp_clear
+  (richcmpfunc)cmessage::RichCompare,  //  tp_richcompare
+  offsetof(CMessage, weakreflist),     //  tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                   //  tp_iter
+  0,                                   //  tp_iternext
+  cmessage::Methods,                   //  tp_methods
+  0,                                   //  tp_members
+  cmessage::Getters,                   //  tp_getset
+  0,                                   //  tp_base
+  0,                                   //  tp_dict
+  0,                                   //  tp_descr_get
+  0,                                   //  tp_descr_set
+  0,                                   //  tp_dictoffset
+  (initproc)cmessage::Init,            //  tp_init
+  0,                                   //  tp_alloc
+  cmessage::New,                       //  tp_new
+} } };
+PyTypeObject* CMessage_Type = &_CMessage_Type.super.ht_type;
+
+// --- Exposing the C proto living inside Python proto to C code:
+
+const Message* (*GetCProtoInsidePyProtoPtr)(PyObject* msg);
+Message* (*MutableCProtoInsidePyProtoPtr)(PyObject* msg);
+
+static const Message* GetCProtoInsidePyProtoImpl(PyObject* msg) {
+  const Message* message = PyMessage_GetMessagePointer(msg);
+  if (message == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Clear();
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return message;
+}
+
+static Message* MutableCProtoInsidePyProtoImpl(PyObject* msg) {
+  Message* message = PyMessage_GetMutableMessagePointer(msg);
+  if (message == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Clear();
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return message;
+}
+
+const Message* PyMessage_GetMessagePointer(PyObject* msg) {
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(msg, CMessage_Type)) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Not a Message instance");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  CMessage* cmsg = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(msg);
+  return cmsg->message;
+}
+
+Message* PyMessage_GetMutableMessagePointer(PyObject* msg) {
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(msg, CMessage_Type)) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Not a Message instance");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  CMessage* cmsg = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(msg);
+
+
+  if ((cmsg->composite_fields && !cmsg->composite_fields->empty()) ||
+      (cmsg->child_submessages && !cmsg->child_submessages->empty())) {
+    // There is currently no way of accurately syncing arbitrary changes to
+    // the underlying C++ message back to the CMessage (e.g. removed repeated
+    // composite containers). We only allow direct mutation of the underlying
+    // C++ message if there is no child data in the CMessage.
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                    "Cannot reliably get a mutable pointer "
+                    "to a message with extra references");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  cmessage::AssureWritable(cmsg);
+  return cmsg->message;
+}
+
+PyObject* PyMessage_NewMessageOwnedExternally(Message* message,
+                                              PyObject* message_factory) {
+  if (message_factory) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_NotImplementedError,
+                    "Default message_factory=NULL is the only supported value");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (message->GetReflection()->GetMessageFactory() !=
+      MessageFactory::generated_factory()) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                    "Message pointer was not created from the default factory");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  CMessageClass* message_class = message_factory::GetOrCreateMessageClass(
+      GetDefaultDescriptorPool()->py_message_factory, message->GetDescriptor());
+
+  CMessage* self = cmessage::NewEmptyMessage(message_class);
+  if (self == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_DECREF(message_class);
+  self->message = message;
+  Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+  self->parent = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(Py_None);
+  return self->AsPyObject();
+}
+
+void InitGlobals() {
+  // TODO(gps): Check all return values in this function for NULL and propagate
+  // the error (MemoryError) on up to result in an import failure.  These should
+  // also be freed and reset to NULL during finalization.
+  kDESCRIPTOR = PyString_FromString("DESCRIPTOR");
+
+  PyObject *dummy_obj = PySet_New(NULL);
+  kEmptyWeakref = PyWeakref_NewRef(dummy_obj, NULL);
+  Py_DECREF(dummy_obj);
+}
+
+bool InitProto2MessageModule(PyObject *m) {
+  // Initialize types and globals in descriptor.cc
+  if (!InitDescriptor()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Initialize types and globals in descriptor_pool.cc
+  if (!InitDescriptorPool()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Initialize types and globals in message_factory.cc
+  if (!InitMessageFactory()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Initialize constants defined in this file.
+  InitGlobals();
+
+  CMessageClass_Type->tp_base = &PyType_Type;
+  if (PyType_Ready(CMessageClass_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "MessageMeta",
+                     reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(CMessageClass_Type));
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(CMessage_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (PyType_Ready(CFieldProperty_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // DESCRIPTOR is set on each protocol buffer message class elsewhere, but set
+  // it here as well to document that subclasses need to set it.
+  PyDict_SetItem(CMessage_Type->tp_dict, kDESCRIPTOR, Py_None);
+  // Invalidate any cached data for the CMessage type.
+  // This call is necessary to correctly support Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG,
+  // after we have modified CMessage_Type.tp_dict.
+  PyType_Modified(CMessage_Type);
+
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "Message", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(CMessage_Type));
+
+  // Initialize Repeated container types.
+  {
+    if (PyType_Ready(&RepeatedScalarContainer_Type) < 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    PyModule_AddObject(m, "RepeatedScalarContainer",
+                       reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+                           &RepeatedScalarContainer_Type));
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(&RepeatedCompositeContainer_Type) < 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    PyModule_AddObject(
+        m, "RepeatedCompositeContainer",
+        reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+            &RepeatedCompositeContainer_Type));
+
+    // Register them as MutableSequence.
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr collections(PyImport_ImportModule("collections.abc"));
+#else
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr collections(PyImport_ImportModule("collections"));
+#endif
+    if (collections == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr mutable_sequence(
+        PyObject_GetAttrString(collections.get(), "MutableSequence"));
+    if (mutable_sequence == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (ScopedPyObjectPtr(
+            PyObject_CallMethod(mutable_sequence.get(), "register", "O",
+                                &RepeatedScalarContainer_Type)) == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (ScopedPyObjectPtr(
+            PyObject_CallMethod(mutable_sequence.get(), "register", "O",
+                                &RepeatedCompositeContainer_Type)) == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyUnknownFields_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "UnknownFieldSet",
+                     reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+                         &PyUnknownFields_Type));
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyUnknownFieldRef_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "UnknownField",
+                     reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+                         &PyUnknownFieldRef_Type));
+
+  // Initialize Map container types.
+  if (!InitMapContainers()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "ScalarMapContainer",
+                     reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(ScalarMapContainer_Type));
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "MessageMapContainer",
+                     reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(MessageMapContainer_Type));
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "MapIterator",
+                     reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&MapIterator_Type));
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&ExtensionDict_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  PyModule_AddObject(
+      m, "ExtensionDict",
+      reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&ExtensionDict_Type));
+  if (PyType_Ready(&ExtensionIterator_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "ExtensionIterator",
+                     reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&ExtensionIterator_Type));
+
+  // Expose the DescriptorPool used to hold all descriptors added from generated
+  // pb2.py files.
+  // PyModule_AddObject steals a reference.
+  Py_INCREF(GetDefaultDescriptorPool());
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "default_pool",
+                     reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(GetDefaultDescriptorPool()));
+
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "DescriptorPool", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      &PyDescriptorPool_Type));
+
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "Descriptor", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      &PyMessageDescriptor_Type));
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "FieldDescriptor", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      &PyFieldDescriptor_Type));
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "EnumDescriptor", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      &PyEnumDescriptor_Type));
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "EnumValueDescriptor", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      &PyEnumValueDescriptor_Type));
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "FileDescriptor", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      &PyFileDescriptor_Type));
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "OneofDescriptor", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      &PyOneofDescriptor_Type));
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "ServiceDescriptor", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      &PyServiceDescriptor_Type));
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "MethodDescriptor", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      &PyMethodDescriptor_Type));
+
+  PyObject* enum_type_wrapper = PyImport_ImportModule(
+      "google.protobuf.internal.enum_type_wrapper");
+  if (enum_type_wrapper == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  EnumTypeWrapper_class =
+      PyObject_GetAttrString(enum_type_wrapper, "EnumTypeWrapper");
+  Py_DECREF(enum_type_wrapper);
+
+  PyObject* message_module = PyImport_ImportModule(
+      "google.protobuf.message");
+  if (message_module == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  EncodeError_class = PyObject_GetAttrString(message_module, "EncodeError");
+  DecodeError_class = PyObject_GetAttrString(message_module, "DecodeError");
+  PythonMessage_class = PyObject_GetAttrString(message_module, "Message");
+  Py_DECREF(message_module);
+
+  PyObject* pickle_module = PyImport_ImportModule("pickle");
+  if (pickle_module == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  PickleError_class = PyObject_GetAttrString(pickle_module, "PickleError");
+  Py_DECREF(pickle_module);
+
+  // Override {Get,Mutable}CProtoInsidePyProto.
+  GetCProtoInsidePyProtoPtr = GetCProtoInsidePyProtoImpl;
+  MutableCProtoInsidePyProtoPtr = MutableCProtoInsidePyProtoImpl;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5a635da0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.h
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: anuraag@google.com (Anuraag Agrawal)
+// Author: tibell@google.com (Johan Tibell)
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_MESSAGE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_MESSAGE_H__
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Message;
+class Reflection;
+class FieldDescriptor;
+class Descriptor;
+class DescriptorPool;
+class MessageFactory;
+
+namespace python {
+
+struct ExtensionDict;
+struct PyMessageFactory;
+struct CMessageClass;
+
+// Most of the complexity of the Message class comes from the "Release"
+// behavior:
+//
+// When a field is cleared, it is only detached from its message. Existing
+// references to submessages, to repeated container etc. won't see any change,
+// as if the data was effectively managed by these containers.
+//
+// ExtensionDicts and UnknownFields containers do NOT follow this rule. They
+// don't store any data, and always refer to their parent message.
+
+struct ContainerBase {
+  PyObject_HEAD;
+
+  // Strong reference to a parent message object. For a CMessage there are three
+  // cases:
+  // - For a top-level message, this pointer is NULL.
+  // - For a sub-message, this points to the parent message.
+  // - For a message managed externally, this is a owned reference to Py_None.
+  //
+  // For all other types: repeated containers, maps, it always point to a
+  // valid parent CMessage.
+  struct CMessage* parent;
+
+  // If this object belongs to a parent message, describes which field it comes
+  // from.
+  // The pointer is owned by the DescriptorPool (which is kept alive
+  // through the message's Python class)
+  const FieldDescriptor* parent_field_descriptor;
+
+  PyObject* AsPyObject() { return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(this); }
+
+  // The Three methods below are only used by Repeated containers, and Maps.
+
+  // This implementation works for all containers which have a parent.
+  PyObject* DeepCopy();
+  // Delete this container object from its parent. Does not work for messages.
+  void RemoveFromParentCache();
+};
+
+typedef struct CMessage : public ContainerBase {
+  // Pointer to the C++ Message object for this CMessage.
+  // - If this object has no parent, we own this pointer.
+  // - If this object has a parent message, the parent owns this pointer.
+  Message* message;
+
+  // Indicates this submessage is pointing to a default instance of a message.
+  // Submessages are always first created as read only messages and are then
+  // made writable, at which point this field is set to false.
+  bool read_only;
+
+  // A mapping indexed by field, containing weak references to contained objects
+  // which need to implement the "Release" mechanism:
+  // direct submessages, RepeatedCompositeContainer, RepeatedScalarContainer
+  // and MapContainer.
+  typedef std::unordered_map<const FieldDescriptor*, ContainerBase*>
+      CompositeFieldsMap;
+  CompositeFieldsMap* composite_fields;
+
+  // A mapping containing weak references to indirect child messages, accessed
+  // through containers: repeated messages, and values of message maps.
+  // This avoid the creation of similar maps in each of those containers.
+  typedef std::unordered_map<const Message*, CMessage*> SubMessagesMap;
+  SubMessagesMap* child_submessages;
+
+  // A reference to PyUnknownFields.
+  PyObject* unknown_field_set;
+
+  // Implements the "weakref" protocol for this object.
+  PyObject* weakreflist;
+
+  // Return a *borrowed* reference to the message class.
+  CMessageClass* GetMessageClass() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<CMessageClass*>(Py_TYPE(this));
+  }
+
+  // For container containing messages, return a Python object for the given
+  // pointer to a message.
+  CMessage* BuildSubMessageFromPointer(const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+                                       Message* sub_message,
+                                       CMessageClass* message_class);
+  CMessage* MaybeReleaseSubMessage(Message* sub_message);
+} CMessage;
+
+// The (meta) type of all Messages classes.
+// It allows us to cache some C++ pointers in the class object itself, they are
+// faster to extract than from the type's dictionary.
+
+struct CMessageClass {
+  // This is how CPython subclasses C structures: the base structure must be
+  // the first member of the object.
+  PyHeapTypeObject super;
+
+  // C++ descriptor of this message.
+  const Descriptor* message_descriptor;
+
+  // Owned reference, used to keep the pointer above alive.
+  // This reference must stay alive until all message pointers are destructed.
+  PyObject* py_message_descriptor;
+
+  // The Python MessageFactory used to create the class. It is needed to resolve
+  // fields descriptors, including extensions fields; its C++ MessageFactory is
+  // used to instantiate submessages.
+  // This reference must stay alive until all message pointers are destructed.
+  PyMessageFactory* py_message_factory;
+
+  PyObject* AsPyObject() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(this);
+  }
+};
+
+extern PyTypeObject* CMessageClass_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject* CMessage_Type;
+
+namespace cmessage {
+
+// Internal function to create a new empty Message Python object, but with empty
+// pointers to the C++ objects.
+// The caller must fill self->message, self->owner and eventually self->parent.
+CMessage* NewEmptyMessage(CMessageClass* type);
+
+// Retrieves the C++ descriptor of a Python Extension descriptor.
+// On error, return NULL with an exception set.
+const FieldDescriptor* GetExtensionDescriptor(PyObject* extension);
+
+// Initializes a new CMessage instance for a submessage. Only called once per
+// submessage as the result is cached in composite_fields.
+//
+// Corresponds to reflection api method GetMessage.
+CMessage* InternalGetSubMessage(
+    CMessage* self, const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor);
+
+// Deletes a range of items in a repeated field (following a
+// removal in a RepeatedCompositeContainer).
+//
+// Corresponds to reflection api method RemoveLast.
+int DeleteRepeatedField(CMessage* self,
+                        const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+                        PyObject* slice);
+
+// Sets the specified scalar value to the message.
+int InternalSetScalar(CMessage* self,
+                      const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+                      PyObject* value);
+
+// Sets the specified scalar value to the message.  Requires it is not a Oneof.
+int InternalSetNonOneofScalar(Message* message,
+                              const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+                              PyObject* arg);
+
+// Retrieves the specified scalar value from the message.
+//
+// Returns a new python reference.
+PyObject* InternalGetScalar(const Message* message,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor);
+
+bool SetCompositeField(CMessage* self, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                       ContainerBase* value);
+
+bool SetSubmessage(CMessage* self, CMessage* submessage);
+
+// Clears the message, removing all contained data. Extension dictionary and
+// submessages are released first if there are remaining external references.
+//
+// Corresponds to message api method Clear.
+PyObject* Clear(CMessage* self);
+
+// Clears the data described by the given descriptor.
+// Returns -1 on error.
+//
+// Corresponds to reflection api method ClearField.
+int ClearFieldByDescriptor(CMessage* self, const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Checks if the message has the field described by the descriptor. Used for
+// extensions (which have no name).
+// Returns 1 if true, 0 if false, and -1 on error.
+//
+// Corresponds to reflection api method HasField
+int HasFieldByDescriptor(CMessage* self,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor);
+
+// Checks if the message has the named field.
+//
+// Corresponds to reflection api method HasField.
+PyObject* HasField(CMessage* self, PyObject* arg);
+
+// Initializes values of fields on a newly constructed message.
+// Note that positional arguments are disallowed: 'args' must be NULL or the
+// empty tuple.
+int InitAttributes(CMessage* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs);
+
+PyObject* MergeFrom(CMessage* self, PyObject* arg);
+
+// This method does not do anything beyond checking that no other extension
+// has been registered with the same field number on this class.
+PyObject* RegisterExtension(PyObject* cls, PyObject* extension_handle);
+
+// Get a field from a message.
+PyObject* GetFieldValue(CMessage* self,
+                        const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor);
+// Sets the value of a scalar field in a message.
+// On error, return -1 with an extension set.
+int SetFieldValue(CMessage* self, const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+                  PyObject* value);
+
+PyObject* FindInitializationErrors(CMessage* self);
+
+int AssureWritable(CMessage* self);
+
+// Returns the message factory for the given message.
+// This is equivalent to message.MESSAGE_FACTORY
+//
+// The returned factory is suitable for finding fields and building submessages,
+// even in the case of extensions.
+// Returns a *borrowed* reference, and never fails because we pass a CMessage.
+PyMessageFactory* GetFactoryForMessage(CMessage* message);
+
+PyObject* SetAllowOversizeProtos(PyObject* m, PyObject* arg);
+
+}  // namespace cmessage
+
+
+/* Is 64bit */
+#define IS_64BIT (SIZEOF_LONG == 8)
+
+#define FIELD_IS_REPEATED(field_descriptor)                 \
+    ((field_descriptor)->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED)
+
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT32(arg, value, err)                        \
+    int32 value;                                            \
+    if (!CheckAndGetInteger(arg, &value)) { \
+      return err;                                          \
+    }
+
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT64(arg, value, err)                        \
+    int64 value;                                            \
+    if (!CheckAndGetInteger(arg, &value)) { \
+      return err;                                          \
+    }
+
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_UINT32(arg, value, err)                       \
+    uint32 value;                                           \
+    if (!CheckAndGetInteger(arg, &value)) { \
+      return err;                                          \
+    }
+
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_UINT64(arg, value, err)                       \
+    uint64 value;                                           \
+    if (!CheckAndGetInteger(arg, &value)) { \
+      return err;                                          \
+    }
+
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_FLOAT(arg, value, err)                        \
+    float value;                                            \
+    if (!CheckAndGetFloat(arg, &value)) {                   \
+      return err;                                          \
+    }                                                       \
+
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_DOUBLE(arg, value, err)                       \
+    double value;                                           \
+    if (!CheckAndGetDouble(arg, &value)) {                  \
+      return err;                                          \
+    }
+
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_BOOL(arg, value, err)                         \
+    bool value;                                             \
+    if (!CheckAndGetBool(arg, &value)) {                    \
+      return err;                                          \
+    }
+
+
+#define FULL_MODULE_NAME "google.protobuf.pyext._message"
+
+void FormatTypeError(PyObject* arg, char* expected_types);
+template<class T>
+bool CheckAndGetInteger(PyObject* arg, T* value);
+bool CheckAndGetDouble(PyObject* arg, double* value);
+bool CheckAndGetFloat(PyObject* arg, float* value);
+bool CheckAndGetBool(PyObject* arg, bool* value);
+PyObject* CheckString(PyObject* arg, const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+bool CheckAndSetString(
+    PyObject* arg, Message* message,
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+    const Reflection* reflection,
+    bool append,
+    int index);
+PyObject* ToStringObject(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                         const std::string& value);
+
+// Check if the passed field descriptor belongs to the given message.
+// If not, return false and set a Python exception (a KeyError)
+bool CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
+                                const Message* message);
+
+extern PyObject* PickleError_class;
+
+const Message* PyMessage_GetMessagePointer(PyObject* msg);
+Message* PyMessage_GetMutableMessagePointer(PyObject* msg);
+PyObject* PyMessage_NewMessageOwnedExternally(Message* message,
+                                              PyObject* message_factory);
+
+bool InitProto2MessageModule(PyObject *m);
+
+// These are referenced by repeated_scalar_container, and must
+// be explicitly instantiated.
+extern template bool CheckAndGetInteger<int32>(PyObject*, int32*);
+extern template bool CheckAndGetInteger<int64>(PyObject*, int64*);
+extern template bool CheckAndGetInteger<uint32>(PyObject*, uint32*);
+extern template bool CheckAndGetInteger<uint64>(PyObject*, uint64*);
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_MESSAGE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5fed13b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03030000
+    #error "Python 3.0 - 3.2 are not supported."
+  #endif
+  #define PyString_AsStringAndSize(ob, charpp, sizep) \
+    (PyUnicode_Check(ob) ? ((*(charpp) = const_cast<char*>(                   \
+                               PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(ob, (sizep)))) == NULL \
+                              ? -1                                            \
+                              : 0)                                            \
+                        : PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(ob, (charpp), (sizep)))
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+namespace message_factory {
+
+PyMessageFactory* NewMessageFactory(PyTypeObject* type, PyDescriptorPool* pool) {
+  PyMessageFactory* factory = reinterpret_cast<PyMessageFactory*>(
+      PyType_GenericAlloc(type, 0));
+  if (factory == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  DynamicMessageFactory* message_factory = new DynamicMessageFactory();
+  // This option might be the default some day.
+  message_factory->SetDelegateToGeneratedFactory(true);
+  factory->message_factory = message_factory;
+
+  factory->pool = pool;
+  Py_INCREF(pool);
+
+  factory->classes_by_descriptor = new PyMessageFactory::ClassesByMessageMap();
+
+  return factory;
+}
+
+PyObject* New(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
+  static char* kwlist[] = {"pool", 0};
+  PyObject* pool = NULL;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|O", kwlist, &pool)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr owned_pool;
+  if (pool == NULL || pool == Py_None) {
+    owned_pool.reset(PyObject_CallFunction(
+        reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&PyDescriptorPool_Type), NULL));
+    if (owned_pool == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    pool = owned_pool.get();
+  } else {
+    if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(pool, &PyDescriptorPool_Type)) {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Expected a DescriptorPool, got %s",
+                   pool->ob_type->tp_name);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      NewMessageFactory(type, reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(pool)));
+}
+
+static void Dealloc(PyObject* pself) {
+  PyMessageFactory* self = reinterpret_cast<PyMessageFactory*>(pself);
+
+  typedef PyMessageFactory::ClassesByMessageMap::iterator iterator;
+  for (iterator it = self->classes_by_descriptor->begin();
+       it != self->classes_by_descriptor->end(); ++it) {
+    Py_CLEAR(it->second);
+  }
+  delete self->classes_by_descriptor;
+  delete self->message_factory;
+  Py_CLEAR(self->pool);
+  Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(pself);
+}
+
+static int GcTraverse(PyObject* pself, visitproc visit, void* arg) {
+  PyMessageFactory* self = reinterpret_cast<PyMessageFactory*>(pself);
+  Py_VISIT(self->pool);
+  for (const auto& desc_and_class : *self->classes_by_descriptor) {
+    Py_VISIT(desc_and_class.second);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int GcClear(PyObject* pself) {
+  PyMessageFactory* self = reinterpret_cast<PyMessageFactory*>(pself);
+  // Here it's important to not clear self->pool, so that the C++ DescriptorPool
+  // is still alive when self->message_factory is destructed.
+  for (auto& desc_and_class : *self->classes_by_descriptor) {
+    Py_CLEAR(desc_and_class.second);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Add a message class to our database.
+int RegisterMessageClass(PyMessageFactory* self,
+                         const Descriptor* message_descriptor,
+                         CMessageClass* message_class) {
+  Py_INCREF(message_class);
+  typedef PyMessageFactory::ClassesByMessageMap::iterator iterator;
+  std::pair<iterator, bool> ret = self->classes_by_descriptor->insert(
+      std::make_pair(message_descriptor, message_class));
+  if (!ret.second) {
+    // Update case: DECREF the previous value.
+    Py_DECREF(ret.first->second);
+    ret.first->second = message_class;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+CMessageClass* GetOrCreateMessageClass(PyMessageFactory* self,
+                                       const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  // This is the same implementation as MessageFactory.GetPrototype().
+
+  // Do not create a MessageClass that already exists.
+  std::unordered_map<const Descriptor*, CMessageClass*>::iterator it =
+      self->classes_by_descriptor->find(descriptor);
+  if (it != self->classes_by_descriptor->end()) {
+    Py_INCREF(it->second);
+    return it->second;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr py_descriptor(
+      PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(descriptor));
+  if (py_descriptor == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  // Create a new message class.
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr args(Py_BuildValue(
+      "s(){sOsOsO}", descriptor->name().c_str(),
+      "DESCRIPTOR", py_descriptor.get(),
+      "__module__", Py_None,
+      "message_factory", self));
+  if (args == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr message_class(PyObject_CallObject(
+      reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(CMessageClass_Type), args.get()));
+  if (message_class == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  // Create messages class for the messages used by the fields, and registers
+  // all extensions for these messages during the recursion.
+  for (int field_idx = 0; field_idx < descriptor->field_count(); field_idx++) {
+    const Descriptor* sub_descriptor =
+        descriptor->field(field_idx)->message_type();
+    // It is NULL if the field type is not a message.
+    if (sub_descriptor != NULL) {
+      CMessageClass* result = GetOrCreateMessageClass(self, sub_descriptor);
+      if (result == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      Py_DECREF(result);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Register extensions defined in this message.
+  for (int ext_idx = 0 ; ext_idx < descriptor->extension_count() ; ext_idx++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* extension = descriptor->extension(ext_idx);
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr py_extended_class(
+        GetOrCreateMessageClass(self, extension->containing_type())
+            ->AsPyObject());
+    if (py_extended_class == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr py_extension(PyFieldDescriptor_FromDescriptor(extension));
+    if (py_extension == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr result(cmessage::RegisterExtension(
+        py_extended_class.get(), py_extension.get()));
+    if (result == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  return reinterpret_cast<CMessageClass*>(message_class.release());
+}
+
+// Retrieve the message class added to our database.
+CMessageClass* GetMessageClass(PyMessageFactory* self,
+                               const Descriptor* message_descriptor) {
+  typedef PyMessageFactory::ClassesByMessageMap::iterator iterator;
+  iterator ret = self->classes_by_descriptor->find(message_descriptor);
+  if (ret == self->classes_by_descriptor->end()) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "No message class registered for '%s'",
+                 message_descriptor->full_name().c_str());
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    return ret->second;
+  }
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+    {NULL}};
+
+static PyObject* GetPool(PyMessageFactory* self, void* closure) {
+  Py_INCREF(self->pool);
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self->pool);
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+    {"pool", (getter)GetPool, NULL, "DescriptorPool"},
+    {NULL}
+};
+
+}  // namespace message_factory
+
+PyTypeObject PyMessageFactory_Type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0) FULL_MODULE_NAME
+    ".MessageFactory",         // tp_name
+    sizeof(PyMessageFactory),  // tp_basicsize
+    0,                         // tp_itemsize
+    message_factory::Dealloc,  // tp_dealloc
+    0,                         // tp_print
+    0,                         // tp_getattr
+    0,                         // tp_setattr
+    0,                         // tp_compare
+    0,                         // tp_repr
+    0,                         // tp_as_number
+    0,                         // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                         // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                         // tp_hash
+    0,                         // tp_call
+    0,                         // tp_str
+    0,                         // tp_getattro
+    0,                         // tp_setattro
+    0,                         // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,  // tp_flags
+    "A static Message Factory",                                     // tp_doc
+    message_factory::GcTraverse,  // tp_traverse
+    message_factory::GcClear,     // tp_clear
+    0,                            // tp_richcompare
+    0,                            // tp_weaklistoffset
+    0,                            // tp_iter
+    0,                            // tp_iternext
+    message_factory::Methods,     // tp_methods
+    0,                            // tp_members
+    message_factory::Getters,     // tp_getset
+    0,                            // tp_base
+    0,                            // tp_dict
+    0,                            // tp_descr_get
+    0,                            // tp_descr_set
+    0,                            // tp_dictoffset
+    0,                            // tp_init
+    0,                            // tp_alloc
+    message_factory::New,         // tp_new
+    PyObject_GC_Del,              // tp_free
+};
+
+bool InitMessageFactory() {
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyMessageFactory_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..515c29cdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_MESSAGE_FACTORY_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_MESSAGE_FACTORY_H__
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class MessageFactory;
+
+namespace python {
+
+// The (meta) type of all Messages classes.
+struct CMessageClass;
+
+struct PyMessageFactory {
+  PyObject_HEAD
+
+  // DynamicMessageFactory used to create C++ instances of messages.
+  // This object cache the descriptors that were used, so the DescriptorPool
+  // needs to get rid of it before it can delete itself.
+  //
+  // Note: A C++ MessageFactory is different from the PyMessageFactory.
+  // The C++ one creates messages, when the Python one creates classes.
+  MessageFactory* message_factory;
+
+  // Owned reference to a Python DescriptorPool.
+  // This reference must stay until the message_factory is destructed.
+  PyDescriptorPool* pool;
+
+  // Make our own mapping to retrieve Python classes from C++ descriptors.
+  //
+  // Descriptor pointers stored here are owned by the DescriptorPool above.
+  // Python references to classes are owned by this PyDescriptorPool.
+  typedef std::unordered_map<const Descriptor*, CMessageClass*>
+      ClassesByMessageMap;
+  ClassesByMessageMap* classes_by_descriptor;
+};
+
+extern PyTypeObject PyMessageFactory_Type;
+
+namespace message_factory {
+
+// Creates a new MessageFactory instance.
+PyMessageFactory* NewMessageFactory(PyTypeObject* type, PyDescriptorPool* pool);
+
+// Registers a new Python class for the given message descriptor.
+// On error, returns -1 with a Python exception set.
+int RegisterMessageClass(PyMessageFactory* self,
+                         const Descriptor* message_descriptor,
+                         CMessageClass* message_class);
+// Retrieves the Python class registered with the given message descriptor, or
+// fail with a TypeError. Returns a *borrowed* reference.
+CMessageClass* GetMessageClass(PyMessageFactory* self,
+                               const Descriptor* message_descriptor);
+// Retrieves the Python class registered with the given message descriptor.
+// The class is created if not done yet. Returns a *new* reference.
+CMessageClass* GetOrCreateMessageClass(PyMessageFactory* self,
+                                       const Descriptor* message_descriptor);
+}  // namespace message_factory
+
+// Initialize objects used by this module.
+// On error, returns false with a Python exception set.
+bool InitMessageFactory();
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_MESSAGE_FACTORY_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_module.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_module.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bb35b319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_module.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/proto_api.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+
+namespace {
+
+// C++ API.  Clients get at this via proto_api.h
+struct ApiImplementation : google::protobuf::python::PyProto_API {
+  const google::protobuf::Message* GetMessagePointer(PyObject* msg) const override {
+    return google::protobuf::python::PyMessage_GetMessagePointer(msg);
+  }
+  google::protobuf::Message* GetMutableMessagePointer(PyObject* msg) const override {
+    return google::protobuf::python::PyMessage_GetMutableMessagePointer(msg);
+  }
+  const google::protobuf::DescriptorPool* GetDefaultDescriptorPool() const override {
+    return google::protobuf::python::GetDefaultDescriptorPool()->pool;
+  }
+
+  google::protobuf::MessageFactory* GetDefaultMessageFactory() const override {
+    return google::protobuf::python::GetDefaultDescriptorPool()
+        ->py_message_factory->message_factory;
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+static const char module_docstring[] =
+    "python-proto2 is a module that can be used to enhance proto2 Python API\n"
+    "performance.\n"
+    "\n"
+    "It provides access to the protocol buffers C++ reflection API that\n"
+    "implements the basic protocol buffer functions.";
+
+static PyMethodDef ModuleMethods[] = {
+    {"SetAllowOversizeProtos",
+     (PyCFunction)google::protobuf::python::cmessage::SetAllowOversizeProtos, METH_O,
+     "Enable/disable oversize proto parsing."},
+    // DO NOT USE: For migration and testing only.
+    {NULL, NULL}};
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+static struct PyModuleDef _module = {PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+                                     "_message",
+                                     module_docstring,
+                                     -1,
+                                     ModuleMethods, /* m_methods */
+                                     NULL,
+                                     NULL,
+                                     NULL,
+                                     NULL};
+#define INITFUNC PyInit__message
+#define INITFUNC_ERRORVAL NULL
+#else  // Python 2
+#define INITFUNC init_message
+#define INITFUNC_ERRORVAL
+#endif
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC INITFUNC() {
+  PyObject* m;
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  m = PyModule_Create(&_module);
+#else
+  m = Py_InitModule3("_message", ModuleMethods, module_docstring);
+#endif
+  if (m == NULL) {
+    return INITFUNC_ERRORVAL;
+  }
+
+  if (!google::protobuf::python::InitProto2MessageModule(m)) {
+    Py_DECREF(m);
+    return INITFUNC_ERRORVAL;
+  }
+
+  // Adds the C++ API
+  if (PyObject* api =
+          PyCapsule_New(new ApiImplementation(),
+                        google::protobuf::python::PyProtoAPICapsuleName(), NULL)) {
+    PyModule_AddObject(m, "proto_API", api);
+  } else {
+    return INITFUNC_ERRORVAL;
+  }
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  return m;
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/proto2_api_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/proto2_api_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1fd78e840
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/proto2_api_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package google.protobuf.python.internal;
+
+import "google/protobuf/internal/cpp/proto1_api_test.proto";
+
+message TestNestedProto1APIMessage {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional TestMessage.NestedMessage b = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/python.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/python.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e50df740
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/python.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: tibell@google.com (Johan Tibell)
+//
+// These message definitions are used to exercises known corner cases
+// in the C++ implementation of the Python API.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package google.protobuf.python.internal;
+
+// Protos optimized for SPEED use a strict superset of the generated code
+// of equivalent ones optimized for CODE_SIZE, so we should optimize all our
+// tests for speed unless explicitly testing code size optimization.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int32 bb = 1;
+    optional ForeignMessage cc = 2;
+  }
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_nested_message = 1;
+  optional NestedMessage optional_nested_message = 2;
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 3;
+}
+
+message ForeignMessage {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+  repeated int32 d = 2;
+}
+
+message TestAllExtensions {  // extension begin
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}  // extension end
+
+extend TestAllExtensions {  // extension begin
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage optional_nested_message_extension = 1;
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedMessage repeated_nested_message_extension = 2;
+}  // extension end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4188b5f4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: anuraag@google.com (Anuraag Agrawal)
+// Author: tibell@google.com (Johan Tibell)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  #define PyInt_Check PyLong_Check
+  #define PyInt_AsLong PyLong_AsLong
+  #define PyInt_FromLong PyLong_FromLong
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+namespace repeated_composite_container {
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// len()
+
+static Py_ssize_t Length(PyObject* pself) {
+  RepeatedCompositeContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(pself);
+
+  Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  return message->GetReflection()->FieldSize(*message,
+                                             self->parent_field_descriptor);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// add()
+
+PyObject* Add(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self, PyObject* args,
+              PyObject* kwargs) {
+  if (cmessage::AssureWritable(self->parent) == -1)
+    return NULL;
+  Message* message = self->parent->message;
+
+  Message* sub_message =
+      message->GetReflection()->AddMessage(
+          message,
+          self->parent_field_descriptor,
+          self->child_message_class->py_message_factory->message_factory);
+  CMessage* cmsg = self->parent->BuildSubMessageFromPointer(
+      self->parent_field_descriptor, sub_message, self->child_message_class);
+
+  if (cmessage::InitAttributes(cmsg, args, kwargs) < 0) {
+    message->GetReflection()->RemoveLast(
+        message, self->parent_field_descriptor);
+    Py_DECREF(cmsg);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return cmsg->AsPyObject();
+}
+
+static PyObject* AddMethod(PyObject* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
+  return Add(reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(self), args, kwargs);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// append()
+
+static PyObject* AddMessage(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self, PyObject* value) {
+  cmessage::AssureWritable(self->parent);
+  PyObject* py_cmsg;
+  Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  py_cmsg = Add(self, nullptr, nullptr);
+  if (py_cmsg == nullptr) return nullptr;
+  CMessage* cmsg = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(py_cmsg);
+  if (ScopedPyObjectPtr(cmessage::MergeFrom(cmsg, value)) == nullptr) {
+    reflection->RemoveLast(
+        message, self->parent_field_descriptor);
+    Py_DECREF(cmsg);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return py_cmsg;
+}
+
+static PyObject* AppendMethod(PyObject* pself, PyObject* value) {
+  RepeatedCompositeContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(pself);
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr py_cmsg(AddMessage(self, value));
+  if (py_cmsg == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// insert()
+static PyObject* Insert(PyObject* pself, PyObject* args) {
+  RepeatedCompositeContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(pself);
+
+  Py_ssize_t index;
+  PyObject* value;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "nO", &index, &value)) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr py_cmsg(AddMessage(self, value));
+  if (py_cmsg == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  // Swap the element to right position.
+  Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor = self->parent_field_descriptor;
+  Py_ssize_t length = reflection->FieldSize(*message, field_descriptor) - 1;
+  Py_ssize_t end_index = index;
+  if (end_index < 0) end_index += length;
+  if (end_index < 0) end_index = 0;
+  for (Py_ssize_t i = length; i > end_index; i --) {
+    reflection->SwapElements(message, field_descriptor, i, i - 1);
+  }
+
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// extend()
+
+PyObject* Extend(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self, PyObject* value) {
+  cmessage::AssureWritable(self->parent);
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr iter(PyObject_GetIter(value));
+  if (iter == NULL) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Value must be iterable");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr next;
+  while ((next.reset(PyIter_Next(iter.get()))) != NULL) {
+    if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(next.get(), CMessage_Type)) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Not a cmessage");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr new_message(Add(self, NULL, NULL));
+    if (new_message == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    CMessage* new_cmessage = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(new_message.get());
+    if (ScopedPyObjectPtr(cmessage::MergeFrom(new_cmessage, next.get())) ==
+        NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject* ExtendMethod(PyObject* self, PyObject* value) {
+  return Extend(reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(self), value);
+}
+
+PyObject* MergeFrom(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self, PyObject* other) {
+  return Extend(self, other);
+}
+
+static PyObject* MergeFromMethod(PyObject* self, PyObject* other) {
+  return MergeFrom(reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(self), other);
+}
+
+// This function does not check the bounds.
+static PyObject* GetItem(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self, Py_ssize_t index,
+                         Py_ssize_t length = -1) {
+  if (length == -1) {
+    Message* message = self->parent->message;
+    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+    length = reflection->FieldSize(*message, self->parent_field_descriptor);
+  }
+  if (index < 0 || index >= length) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_IndexError, "list index (%zd) out of range", index);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  Message* sub_message = message->GetReflection()->MutableRepeatedMessage(
+      message, self->parent_field_descriptor, index);
+  return self->parent
+      ->BuildSubMessageFromPointer(self->parent_field_descriptor, sub_message,
+                                   self->child_message_class)
+      ->AsPyObject();
+}
+
+PyObject* Subscript(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self, PyObject* item) {
+  Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  Py_ssize_t length =
+      reflection->FieldSize(*message, self->parent_field_descriptor);
+
+  if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
+    Py_ssize_t index;
+    index = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
+    if (index == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) return NULL;
+    if (index < 0) index += length;
+    return GetItem(self, index, length);
+  } else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
+    Py_ssize_t from, to, step, slicelength, cur, i;
+    PyObject* result;
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx(item,
+                             length, &from, &to, &step, &slicelength) == -1) {
+#else
+    if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx(reinterpret_cast<PySliceObject*>(item),
+                             length, &from, &to, &step, &slicelength) == -1) {
+#endif
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (slicelength <= 0) {
+      return PyList_New(0);
+    } else {
+      result = PyList_New(slicelength);
+      if (!result) return NULL;
+
+      for (cur = from, i = 0; i < slicelength; cur += step, i++) {
+        PyList_SET_ITEM(result, i, GetItem(self, cur, length));
+      }
+
+      return result;
+    }
+  } else {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "indices must be integers, not %.200s",
+                 item->ob_type->tp_name);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+static PyObject* SubscriptMethod(PyObject* self, PyObject* slice) {
+  return Subscript(reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(self), slice);
+}
+
+int AssignSubscript(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self,
+                    PyObject* slice,
+                    PyObject* value) {
+  if (value != NULL) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "does not support assignment");
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  return cmessage::DeleteRepeatedField(self->parent,
+                                       self->parent_field_descriptor, slice);
+}
+
+static int AssignSubscriptMethod(PyObject* self, PyObject* slice,
+                                 PyObject* value) {
+  return AssignSubscript(reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(self),
+                         slice, value);
+}
+
+static PyObject* Remove(PyObject* pself, PyObject* value) {
+  RepeatedCompositeContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(pself);
+  Py_ssize_t len = Length(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+
+  for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr item(GetItem(self, i, len));
+    if (item == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    int result = PyObject_RichCompareBool(item.get(), value, Py_EQ);
+    if (result < 0) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    if (result) {
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr py_index(PyLong_FromSsize_t(i));
+      if (AssignSubscript(self, py_index.get(), NULL) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
+  }
+  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Item to delete not in list");
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject* RichCompare(PyObject* pself, PyObject* other, int opid) {
+  RepeatedCompositeContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(pself);
+
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(other, &RepeatedCompositeContainer_Type)) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                    "Can only compare repeated composite fields "
+                    "against other repeated composite fields.");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (opid == Py_EQ || opid == Py_NE) {
+    // TODO(anuraag): Don't make new lists just for this...
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr full_slice(PySlice_New(NULL, NULL, NULL));
+    if (full_slice == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr list(Subscript(self, full_slice.get()));
+    if (list == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr other_list(
+        Subscript(reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(other),
+                  full_slice.get()));
+    if (other_list == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyObject_RichCompare(list.get(), other_list.get(), opid);
+  } else {
+    Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
+    return Py_NotImplemented;
+  }
+}
+
+static PyObject* ToStr(PyObject* pself) {
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr full_slice(PySlice_New(NULL, NULL, NULL));
+  if (full_slice == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr list(Subscript(
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(pself), full_slice.get()));
+  if (list == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return PyObject_Repr(list.get());
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// sort()
+
+static void ReorderAttached(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self,
+                            PyObject* child_list) {
+  Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor = self->parent_field_descriptor;
+  const Py_ssize_t length = Length(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+
+  // Since Python protobuf objects are never arena-allocated, adding and
+  // removing message pointers to the underlying array is just updating
+  // pointers.
+  for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < length; ++i)
+    reflection->ReleaseLast(message, descriptor);
+
+  for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+    CMessage* py_cmsg = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(
+        PyList_GET_ITEM(child_list, i));
+    reflection->AddAllocatedMessage(message, descriptor, py_cmsg->message);
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns 0 if successful; returns -1 and sets an exception if
+// unsuccessful.
+static int SortPythonMessages(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self,
+                               PyObject* args,
+                               PyObject* kwds) {
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr child_list(
+      PySequence_List(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self)));
+  if (child_list == NULL) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr m(PyObject_GetAttrString(child_list.get(), "sort"));
+  if (m == NULL)
+    return -1;
+  if (ScopedPyObjectPtr(PyObject_Call(m.get(), args, kwds)) == NULL)
+    return -1;
+  ReorderAttached(self, child_list.get());
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static PyObject* Sort(PyObject* pself, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwds) {
+  RepeatedCompositeContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(pself);
+
+  // Support the old sort_function argument for backwards
+  // compatibility.
+  if (kwds != NULL) {
+    PyObject* sort_func = PyDict_GetItemString(kwds, "sort_function");
+    if (sort_func != NULL) {
+      // Must set before deleting as sort_func is a borrowed reference
+      // and kwds might be the only thing keeping it alive.
+      PyDict_SetItemString(kwds, "cmp", sort_func);
+      PyDict_DelItemString(kwds, "sort_function");
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (SortPythonMessages(self, args, kwds) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static PyObject* Item(PyObject* pself, Py_ssize_t index) {
+  RepeatedCompositeContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(pself);
+  return GetItem(self, index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* Pop(PyObject* pself, PyObject* args) {
+  RepeatedCompositeContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(pself);
+
+  Py_ssize_t index = -1;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|n", &index)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_ssize_t length = Length(pself);
+  if (index < 0) index += length;
+  PyObject* item = GetItem(self, index, length);
+  if (item == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr py_index(PyLong_FromSsize_t(index));
+  if (AssignSubscript(self, py_index.get(), NULL) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return item;
+}
+
+PyObject* DeepCopy(PyObject* pself, PyObject* arg) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(pself)->DeepCopy();
+}
+
+// The private constructor of RepeatedCompositeContainer objects.
+RepeatedCompositeContainer *NewContainer(
+    CMessage* parent,
+    const FieldDescriptor* parent_field_descriptor,
+    CMessageClass* child_message_class) {
+  if (!CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(parent_field_descriptor, parent->message)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  RepeatedCompositeContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(
+          PyType_GenericAlloc(&RepeatedCompositeContainer_Type, 0));
+  if (self == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  Py_INCREF(parent);
+  self->parent = parent;
+  self->parent_field_descriptor = parent_field_descriptor;
+  Py_INCREF(child_message_class);
+  self->child_message_class = child_message_class;
+  return self;
+}
+
+static void Dealloc(PyObject* pself) {
+  RepeatedCompositeContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(pself);
+  self->RemoveFromParentCache();
+  Py_CLEAR(self->child_message_class);
+  Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(pself);
+}
+
+static PySequenceMethods SqMethods = {
+  Length,                 /* sq_length */
+  0,                      /* sq_concat */
+  0,                      /* sq_repeat */
+  Item                    /* sq_item */
+};
+
+static PyMappingMethods MpMethods = {
+  Length,                 /* mp_length */
+  SubscriptMethod,        /* mp_subscript */
+  AssignSubscriptMethod,  /* mp_ass_subscript */
+};
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "__deepcopy__", DeepCopy, METH_VARARGS,
+    "Makes a deep copy of the class." },
+  { "add", (PyCFunction)AddMethod, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+    "Adds an object to the repeated container." },
+  { "append", AppendMethod, METH_O,
+    "Appends a message to the end of the repeated container."},
+  { "insert", Insert, METH_VARARGS,
+    "Inserts a message before the specified index." },
+  { "extend", ExtendMethod, METH_O,
+    "Adds objects to the repeated container." },
+  { "pop", Pop, METH_VARARGS,
+    "Removes an object from the repeated container and returns it." },
+  { "remove", Remove, METH_O,
+    "Removes an object from the repeated container." },
+  { "sort", (PyCFunction)Sort, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+    "Sorts the repeated container." },
+  { "MergeFrom", MergeFromMethod, METH_O,
+    "Adds objects to the repeated container." },
+  { NULL, NULL }
+};
+
+}  // namespace repeated_composite_container
+
+PyTypeObject RepeatedCompositeContainer_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".RepeatedCompositeContainer",  // tp_name
+  sizeof(RepeatedCompositeContainer),  // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                   //  tp_itemsize
+  repeated_composite_container::Dealloc,  //  tp_dealloc
+  0,                                   //  tp_print
+  0,                                   //  tp_getattr
+  0,                                   //  tp_setattr
+  0,                                   //  tp_compare
+  repeated_composite_container::ToStr,      //  tp_repr
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_number
+  &repeated_composite_container::SqMethods,   //  tp_as_sequence
+  &repeated_composite_container::MpMethods,   //  tp_as_mapping
+  PyObject_HashNotImplemented,         //  tp_hash
+  0,                                   //  tp_call
+  0,                                   //  tp_str
+  0,                                   //  tp_getattro
+  0,                                   //  tp_setattro
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                  //  tp_flags
+  "A Repeated scalar container",       //  tp_doc
+  0,                                   //  tp_traverse
+  0,                                   //  tp_clear
+  repeated_composite_container::RichCompare,  //  tp_richcompare
+  0,                                   //  tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                   //  tp_iter
+  0,                                   //  tp_iternext
+  repeated_composite_container::Methods,   //  tp_methods
+  0,                                   //  tp_members
+  0,                                   //  tp_getset
+  0,                                   //  tp_base
+  0,                                   //  tp_dict
+  0,                                   //  tp_descr_get
+  0,                                   //  tp_descr_set
+  0,                                   //  tp_dictoffset
+  0,                                   //  tp_init
+};
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e241827ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.h
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: anuraag@google.com (Anuraag Agrawal)
+// Author: tibell@google.com (Johan Tibell)
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_REPEATED_COMPOSITE_CONTAINER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_REPEATED_COMPOSITE_CONTAINER_H__
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class FieldDescriptor;
+class Message;
+
+namespace python {
+
+struct CMessageClass;
+
+// A RepeatedCompositeContainer always has a parent message.
+// The parent message also caches reference to items of the container.
+typedef struct RepeatedCompositeContainer : public ContainerBase {
+  // The type used to create new child messages.
+  CMessageClass* child_message_class;
+} RepeatedCompositeContainer;
+
+extern PyTypeObject RepeatedCompositeContainer_Type;
+
+namespace repeated_composite_container {
+
+// Builds a RepeatedCompositeContainer object, from a parent message and a
+// field descriptor.
+RepeatedCompositeContainer* NewContainer(
+    CMessage* parent,
+    const FieldDescriptor* parent_field_descriptor,
+    CMessageClass *child_message_class);
+
+// Appends a new CMessage to the container and returns it.  The
+// CMessage is initialized using the content of kwargs.
+//
+// Returns a new reference if successful; returns NULL and sets an
+// exception if unsuccessful.
+PyObject* Add(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self,
+              PyObject* args,
+              PyObject* kwargs);
+
+// Appends all the CMessages in the input iterator to the container.
+//
+// Returns None if successful; returns NULL and sets an exception if
+// unsuccessful.
+PyObject* Extend(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self, PyObject* value);
+
+// Appends a new message to the container for each message in the
+// input iterator, merging each data element in. Equivalent to extend.
+//
+// Returns None if successful; returns NULL and sets an exception if
+// unsuccessful.
+PyObject* MergeFrom(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self, PyObject* other);
+
+// Accesses messages in the container.
+//
+// Returns a new reference to the message for an integer parameter.
+// Returns a new reference to a list of messages for a slice.
+PyObject* Subscript(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self, PyObject* slice);
+
+// Deletes items from the container (cannot be used for assignment).
+//
+// Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+int AssignSubscript(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self,
+                    PyObject* slice,
+                    PyObject* value);
+}  // namespace repeated_composite_container
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_REPEATED_COMPOSITE_CONTAINER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_scalar_container.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_scalar_container.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..712182b37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_scalar_container.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,778 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: anuraag@google.com (Anuraag Agrawal)
+// Author: tibell@google.com (Johan Tibell)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_scalar_container.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  #define PyInt_FromLong PyLong_FromLong
+  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03030000
+    #error "Python 3.0 - 3.2 are not supported."
+  #else
+  #define PyString_AsString(ob) \
+    (PyUnicode_Check(ob)? PyUnicode_AsUTF8(ob): PyBytes_AsString(ob))
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+namespace repeated_scalar_container {
+
+static int InternalAssignRepeatedField(
+    RepeatedScalarContainer* self, PyObject* list) {
+  Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  message->GetReflection()->ClearField(message, self->parent_field_descriptor);
+  for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(list); ++i) {
+    PyObject* value = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, i);
+    if (ScopedPyObjectPtr(Append(self, value)) == NULL) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static Py_ssize_t Len(PyObject* pself) {
+  RepeatedScalarContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(pself);
+  Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  return message->GetReflection()->FieldSize(*message,
+                                             self->parent_field_descriptor);
+}
+
+static int AssignItem(PyObject* pself, Py_ssize_t index, PyObject* arg) {
+  RepeatedScalarContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(pself);
+
+  cmessage::AssureWritable(self->parent);
+  Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor = self->parent_field_descriptor;
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  int field_size = reflection->FieldSize(*message, field_descriptor);
+  if (index < 0) {
+    index = field_size + index;
+  }
+  if (index < 0 || index >= field_size) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_IndexError,
+                 "list assignment index (%d) out of range",
+                 static_cast<int>(index));
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (arg == NULL) {
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr py_index(PyLong_FromLong(index));
+    return cmessage::DeleteRepeatedField(self->parent, field_descriptor,
+                                         py_index.get());
+  }
+
+  if (PySequence_Check(arg) && !(PyBytes_Check(arg) || PyUnicode_Check(arg))) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Value must be scalar");
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  switch (field_descriptor->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT32(arg, value, -1);
+      reflection->SetRepeatedInt32(message, field_descriptor, index, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT64(arg, value, -1);
+      reflection->SetRepeatedInt64(message, field_descriptor, index, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_UINT32(arg, value, -1);
+      reflection->SetRepeatedUInt32(message, field_descriptor, index, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_UINT64(arg, value, -1);
+      reflection->SetRepeatedUInt64(message, field_descriptor, index, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_FLOAT(arg, value, -1);
+      reflection->SetRepeatedFloat(message, field_descriptor, index, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_DOUBLE(arg, value, -1);
+      reflection->SetRepeatedDouble(message, field_descriptor, index, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_BOOL(arg, value, -1);
+      reflection->SetRepeatedBool(message, field_descriptor, index, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+      if (!CheckAndSetString(
+          arg, message, field_descriptor, reflection, false, index)) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT32(arg, value, -1);
+      if (reflection->SupportsUnknownEnumValues()) {
+        reflection->SetRepeatedEnumValue(message, field_descriptor, index,
+                                         value);
+      } else {
+        const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor = field_descriptor->enum_type();
+        const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value =
+            enum_descriptor->FindValueByNumber(value);
+        if (enum_value != NULL) {
+          reflection->SetRepeatedEnum(message, field_descriptor, index,
+                                      enum_value);
+        } else {
+          ScopedPyObjectPtr s(PyObject_Str(arg));
+          if (s != NULL) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Unknown enum value: %s",
+                         PyString_AsString(s.get()));
+          }
+          return -1;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      PyErr_Format(
+          PyExc_SystemError, "Adding value to a field of unknown type %d",
+          field_descriptor->cpp_type());
+      return -1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static PyObject* Item(PyObject* pself, Py_ssize_t index) {
+  RepeatedScalarContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(pself);
+
+  Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor = self->parent_field_descriptor;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  int field_size = reflection->FieldSize(*message, field_descriptor);
+  if (index < 0) {
+    index = field_size + index;
+  }
+  if (index < 0 || index >= field_size) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_IndexError,
+                 "list index (%zd) out of range",
+                 index);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  PyObject* result = NULL;
+  switch (field_descriptor->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
+      int32 value = reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(
+          *message, field_descriptor, index);
+      result = PyInt_FromLong(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
+      int64 value = reflection->GetRepeatedInt64(
+          *message, field_descriptor, index);
+      result = PyLong_FromLongLong(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
+      uint32 value = reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(
+          *message, field_descriptor, index);
+      result = PyLong_FromLongLong(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
+      uint64 value = reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(
+          *message, field_descriptor, index);
+      result = PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT: {
+      float value = reflection->GetRepeatedFloat(
+          *message, field_descriptor, index);
+      result = PyFloat_FromDouble(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      double value = reflection->GetRepeatedDouble(
+          *message, field_descriptor, index);
+      result = PyFloat_FromDouble(value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL: {
+      bool value = reflection->GetRepeatedBool(
+          *message, field_descriptor, index);
+      result = PyBool_FromLong(value ? 1 : 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM: {
+      const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value =
+          message->GetReflection()->GetRepeatedEnum(
+              *message, field_descriptor, index);
+      result = PyInt_FromLong(enum_value->number());
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+      std::string scratch;
+      const std::string& value = reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(
+          *message, field_descriptor, index, &scratch);
+      result = ToStringObject(field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      PyErr_Format(
+          PyExc_SystemError,
+          "Getting value from a repeated field of unknown type %d",
+          field_descriptor->cpp_type());
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+static PyObject* Subscript(PyObject* pself, PyObject* slice) {
+  Py_ssize_t from;
+  Py_ssize_t to;
+  Py_ssize_t step;
+  Py_ssize_t length;
+  Py_ssize_t slicelength;
+  bool return_list = false;
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+  if (PyInt_Check(slice)) {
+    from = to = PyInt_AsLong(slice);
+  } else  // NOLINT
+#endif
+  if (PyLong_Check(slice)) {
+    from = to = PyLong_AsLong(slice);
+  } else if (PySlice_Check(slice)) {
+    length = Len(pself);
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx(slice,
+                             length, &from, &to, &step, &slicelength) == -1) {
+#else
+    if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx(reinterpret_cast<PySliceObject*>(slice),
+                             length, &from, &to, &step, &slicelength) == -1) {
+#endif
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    return_list = true;
+  } else {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "list indices must be integers");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (!return_list) {
+    return Item(pself, from);
+  }
+
+  PyObject* list = PyList_New(0);
+  if (list == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (from <= to) {
+    if (step < 0) {
+      return list;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t index = from; index < to; index += step) {
+      if (index < 0 || index >= length) {
+        break;
+      }
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr s(Item(pself, index));
+      PyList_Append(list, s.get());
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (step > 0) {
+      return list;
+    }
+    for (Py_ssize_t index = from; index > to; index += step) {
+      if (index < 0 || index >= length) {
+        break;
+      }
+      ScopedPyObjectPtr s(Item(pself, index));
+      PyList_Append(list, s.get());
+    }
+  }
+  return list;
+}
+
+PyObject* Append(RepeatedScalarContainer* self, PyObject* item) {
+  cmessage::AssureWritable(self->parent);
+  Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor = self->parent_field_descriptor;
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  switch (field_descriptor->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT32(item, value, NULL);
+      reflection->AddInt32(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT64(item, value, NULL);
+      reflection->AddInt64(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_UINT32(item, value, NULL);
+      reflection->AddUInt32(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_UINT64(item, value, NULL);
+      reflection->AddUInt64(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_FLOAT(item, value, NULL);
+      reflection->AddFloat(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_DOUBLE(item, value, NULL);
+      reflection->AddDouble(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_BOOL(item, value, NULL);
+      reflection->AddBool(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+      if (!CheckAndSetString(
+          item, message, field_descriptor, reflection, true, -1)) {
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM: {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GET_INT32(item, value, NULL);
+      if (reflection->SupportsUnknownEnumValues()) {
+        reflection->AddEnumValue(message, field_descriptor, value);
+      } else {
+        const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor = field_descriptor->enum_type();
+        const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value =
+            enum_descriptor->FindValueByNumber(value);
+        if (enum_value != NULL) {
+          reflection->AddEnum(message, field_descriptor, enum_value);
+        } else {
+          ScopedPyObjectPtr s(PyObject_Str(item));
+          if (s != NULL) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Unknown enum value: %s",
+                         PyString_AsString(s.get()));
+          }
+          return NULL;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      PyErr_Format(
+          PyExc_SystemError, "Adding value to a field of unknown type %d",
+          field_descriptor->cpp_type());
+      return NULL;
+  }
+
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject* AppendMethod(PyObject* self, PyObject* item) {
+  return Append(reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(self), item);
+}
+
+static int AssSubscript(PyObject* pself, PyObject* slice, PyObject* value) {
+  RepeatedScalarContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(pself);
+
+  Py_ssize_t from;
+  Py_ssize_t to;
+  Py_ssize_t step;
+  Py_ssize_t length;
+  Py_ssize_t slicelength;
+  bool create_list = false;
+
+  cmessage::AssureWritable(self->parent);
+  Message* message = self->parent->message;
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor =
+      self->parent_field_descriptor;
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
+  if (PyInt_Check(slice)) {
+    from = to = PyInt_AsLong(slice);
+  } else  // NOLINT
+#endif
+  if (PyLong_Check(slice)) {
+    from = to = PyLong_AsLong(slice);
+  } else if (PySlice_Check(slice)) {
+    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+    length = reflection->FieldSize(*message, field_descriptor);
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx(slice,
+                             length, &from, &to, &step, &slicelength) == -1) {
+#else
+    if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx(reinterpret_cast<PySliceObject*>(slice),
+                             length, &from, &to, &step, &slicelength) == -1) {
+#endif
+      return -1;
+    }
+    create_list = true;
+  } else {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "list indices must be integers");
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (value == NULL) {
+    return cmessage::DeleteRepeatedField(self->parent, field_descriptor, slice);
+  }
+
+  if (!create_list) {
+    return AssignItem(pself, from, value);
+  }
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr full_slice(PySlice_New(NULL, NULL, NULL));
+  if (full_slice == NULL) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr new_list(Subscript(pself, full_slice.get()));
+  if (new_list == NULL) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (PySequence_SetSlice(new_list.get(), from, to, value) < 0) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  return InternalAssignRepeatedField(self, new_list.get());
+}
+
+PyObject* Extend(RepeatedScalarContainer* self, PyObject* value) {
+  cmessage::AssureWritable(self->parent);
+
+  // TODO(ptucker): Deprecate this behavior. b/18413862
+  if (value == Py_None) {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  }
+  if ((Py_TYPE(value)->tp_as_sequence == NULL) && PyObject_Not(value)) {
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  }
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr iter(PyObject_GetIter(value));
+  if (iter == NULL) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Value must be iterable");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr next;
+  while ((next.reset(PyIter_Next(iter.get()))) != NULL) {
+    if (ScopedPyObjectPtr(Append(self, next.get())) == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject* Insert(PyObject* pself, PyObject* args) {
+  RepeatedScalarContainer* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(pself);
+
+  Py_ssize_t index;
+  PyObject* value;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "lO", &index, &value)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr full_slice(PySlice_New(NULL, NULL, NULL));
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr new_list(Subscript(pself, full_slice.get()));
+  if (PyList_Insert(new_list.get(), index, value) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  int ret = InternalAssignRepeatedField(self, new_list.get());
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject* Remove(PyObject* pself, PyObject* value) {
+  Py_ssize_t match_index = -1;
+  for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < Len(pself); ++i) {
+    ScopedPyObjectPtr elem(Item(pself, i));
+    if (PyObject_RichCompareBool(elem.get(), value, Py_EQ)) {
+      match_index = i;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (match_index == -1) {
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "remove(x): x not in container");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (AssignItem(pself, match_index, NULL) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject* ExtendMethod(PyObject* self, PyObject* value) {
+  return Extend(reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(self), value);
+}
+
+static PyObject* RichCompare(PyObject* pself, PyObject* other, int opid) {
+  if (opid != Py_EQ && opid != Py_NE) {
+    Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented);
+    return Py_NotImplemented;
+  }
+
+  // Copy the contents of this repeated scalar container, and other if it is
+  // also a repeated scalar container, into Python lists so we can delegate
+  // to the list's compare method.
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr full_slice(PySlice_New(NULL, NULL, NULL));
+  if (full_slice == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr other_list_deleter;
+  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(other, &RepeatedScalarContainer_Type)) {
+    other_list_deleter.reset(Subscript(other, full_slice.get()));
+    other = other_list_deleter.get();
+  }
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr list(Subscript(pself, full_slice.get()));
+  if (list == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return PyObject_RichCompare(list.get(), other, opid);
+}
+
+PyObject* Reduce(PyObject* unused_self, PyObject* unused_other) {
+  PyErr_Format(
+      PickleError_class,
+      "can't pickle repeated message fields, convert to list first");
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject* Sort(PyObject* pself, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwds) {
+  // Support the old sort_function argument for backwards
+  // compatibility.
+  if (kwds != NULL) {
+    PyObject* sort_func = PyDict_GetItemString(kwds, "sort_function");
+    if (sort_func != NULL) {
+      // Must set before deleting as sort_func is a borrowed reference
+      // and kwds might be the only thing keeping it alive.
+      if (PyDict_SetItemString(kwds, "cmp", sort_func) == -1)
+        return NULL;
+      if (PyDict_DelItemString(kwds, "sort_function") == -1)
+        return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr full_slice(PySlice_New(NULL, NULL, NULL));
+  if (full_slice == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr list(Subscript(pself, full_slice.get()));
+  if (list == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr m(PyObject_GetAttrString(list.get(), "sort"));
+  if (m == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr res(PyObject_Call(m.get(), args, kwds));
+  if (res == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  int ret = InternalAssignRepeatedField(
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(pself), list.get());
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject* Pop(PyObject* pself, PyObject* args) {
+  Py_ssize_t index = -1;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|n", &index)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  PyObject* item = Item(pself, index);
+  if (item == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_IndexError, "list index (%zd) out of range", index);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (AssignItem(pself, index, NULL) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return item;
+}
+
+static PyObject* ToStr(PyObject* pself) {
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr full_slice(PySlice_New(NULL, NULL, NULL));
+  if (full_slice == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr list(Subscript(pself, full_slice.get()));
+  if (list == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return PyObject_Repr(list.get());
+}
+
+static PyObject* MergeFrom(PyObject* pself, PyObject* arg) {
+  return Extend(reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(pself), arg);
+}
+
+// The private constructor of RepeatedScalarContainer objects.
+RepeatedScalarContainer* NewContainer(
+    CMessage* parent, const FieldDescriptor* parent_field_descriptor) {
+  if (!CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(parent_field_descriptor, parent->message)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  RepeatedScalarContainer* self = reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(
+      PyType_GenericAlloc(&RepeatedScalarContainer_Type, 0));
+  if (self == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  Py_INCREF(parent);
+  self->parent = parent;
+  self->parent_field_descriptor = parent_field_descriptor;
+
+  return self;
+}
+
+PyObject* DeepCopy(PyObject* pself, PyObject* arg) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(pself)->DeepCopy();
+}
+
+static void Dealloc(PyObject* pself) {
+  reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(pself)->RemoveFromParentCache();
+  Py_TYPE(pself)->tp_free(pself);
+}
+
+static PySequenceMethods SqMethods = {
+  Len,        /* sq_length */
+  0,          /* sq_concat */
+  0,          /* sq_repeat */
+  Item,       /* sq_item */
+  0,          /* sq_slice */
+  AssignItem  /* sq_ass_item */
+};
+
+static PyMappingMethods MpMethods = {
+  Len,               /* mp_length */
+  Subscript,      /* mp_subscript */
+  AssSubscript, /* mp_ass_subscript */
+};
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+  { "__deepcopy__", DeepCopy, METH_VARARGS,
+    "Makes a deep copy of the class." },
+  { "__reduce__", Reduce, METH_NOARGS,
+    "Outputs picklable representation of the repeated field." },
+  { "append", AppendMethod, METH_O,
+    "Appends an object to the repeated container." },
+  { "extend", ExtendMethod, METH_O,
+    "Appends objects to the repeated container." },
+  { "insert", Insert, METH_VARARGS,
+    "Inserts an object at the specified position in the container." },
+  { "pop", Pop, METH_VARARGS,
+    "Removes an object from the repeated container and returns it." },
+  { "remove", Remove, METH_O,
+    "Removes an object from the repeated container." },
+  { "sort", (PyCFunction)Sort, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+    "Sorts the repeated container."},
+  { "MergeFrom", (PyCFunction)MergeFrom, METH_O,
+    "Merges a repeated container into the current container." },
+  { NULL, NULL }
+};
+
+}  // namespace repeated_scalar_container
+
+PyTypeObject RepeatedScalarContainer_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".RepeatedScalarContainer",  // tp_name
+  sizeof(RepeatedScalarContainer),     // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                   //  tp_itemsize
+  repeated_scalar_container::Dealloc,  //  tp_dealloc
+  0,                                   //  tp_print
+  0,                                   //  tp_getattr
+  0,                                   //  tp_setattr
+  0,                                   //  tp_compare
+  repeated_scalar_container::ToStr,    //  tp_repr
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_number
+  &repeated_scalar_container::SqMethods,   //  tp_as_sequence
+  &repeated_scalar_container::MpMethods,   //  tp_as_mapping
+  PyObject_HashNotImplemented,         //  tp_hash
+  0,                                   //  tp_call
+  0,                                   //  tp_str
+  0,                                   //  tp_getattro
+  0,                                   //  tp_setattro
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                  //  tp_flags
+  "A Repeated scalar container",       //  tp_doc
+  0,                                   //  tp_traverse
+  0,                                   //  tp_clear
+  repeated_scalar_container::RichCompare,  //  tp_richcompare
+  0,                                   //  tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                   //  tp_iter
+  0,                                   //  tp_iternext
+  repeated_scalar_container::Methods,      //  tp_methods
+  0,                                   //  tp_members
+  0,                                   //  tp_getset
+  0,                                   //  tp_base
+  0,                                   //  tp_dict
+  0,                                   //  tp_descr_get
+  0,                                   //  tp_descr_set
+  0,                                   //  tp_dictoffset
+  0,                                   //  tp_init
+};
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_scalar_container.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_scalar_container.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9f0ea8f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_scalar_container.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: anuraag@google.com (Anuraag Agrawal)
+// Author: tibell@google.com (Johan Tibell)
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_REPEATED_SCALAR_CONTAINER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_REPEATED_SCALAR_CONTAINER_H__
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+typedef struct RepeatedScalarContainer : public ContainerBase {
+} RepeatedScalarContainer;
+
+extern PyTypeObject RepeatedScalarContainer_Type;
+
+namespace repeated_scalar_container {
+
+// Builds a RepeatedScalarContainer object, from a parent message and a
+// field descriptor.
+extern RepeatedScalarContainer* NewContainer(
+    CMessage* parent, const FieldDescriptor* parent_field_descriptor);
+
+// Appends the scalar 'item' to the end of the container 'self'.
+//
+// Returns None if successful; returns NULL and sets an exception if
+// unsuccessful.
+PyObject* Append(RepeatedScalarContainer* self, PyObject* item);
+
+// Appends all the elements in the input iterator to the container.
+//
+// Returns None if successful; returns NULL and sets an exception if
+// unsuccessful.
+PyObject* Extend(RepeatedScalarContainer* self, PyObject* value);
+
+}  // namespace repeated_scalar_container
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_REPEATED_SCALAR_CONTAINER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/safe_numerics.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/safe_numerics.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93ae640e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/safe_numerics.h
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_SAFE_NUMERICS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_SAFE_NUMERICS_H__
+// Copied from chromium with only changes to the namespace.
+
+#include <limits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+template <bool SameSize, bool DestLarger,
+          bool DestIsSigned, bool SourceIsSigned>
+struct IsValidNumericCastImpl;
+
+#define BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SPECIALIZATION(A, B, C, D, Code) \
+template <> struct IsValidNumericCastImpl<A, B, C, D> { \
+  template <class Source, class DestBounds> static inline bool Test( \
+      Source source, DestBounds min, DestBounds max) { \
+    return Code; \
+  } \
+}
+
+#define BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SAME_SIZE(DestSigned, SourceSigned, Code) \
+  BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SPECIALIZATION( \
+      true, true, DestSigned, SourceSigned, Code); \
+  BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SPECIALIZATION( \
+      true, false, DestSigned, SourceSigned, Code)
+
+#define BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SOURCE_LARGER(DestSigned, SourceSigned, Code) \
+  BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SPECIALIZATION( \
+      false, false, DestSigned, SourceSigned, Code); \
+
+#define BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_DEST_LARGER(DestSigned, SourceSigned, Code) \
+  BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SPECIALIZATION( \
+      false, true, DestSigned, SourceSigned, Code); \
+
+// The three top level cases are:
+// - Same size
+// - Source larger
+// - Dest larger
+// And for each of those three cases, we handle the 4 different possibilities
+// of signed and unsigned. This gives 12 cases to handle, which we enumerate
+// below.
+//
+// The last argument in each of the macros is the actual comparison code. It
+// has three arguments available, source (the value), and min/max which are
+// the ranges of the destination.
+
+
+// These are the cases where both types have the same size.
+
+// Both signed.
+BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SAME_SIZE(true, true, true);
+// Both unsigned.
+BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SAME_SIZE(false, false, true);
+// Dest unsigned, Source signed.
+BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SAME_SIZE(false, true, source >= 0);
+// Dest signed, Source unsigned.
+// This cast is OK because Dest's max must be less than Source's.
+BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SAME_SIZE(true, false,
+                                 source <= static_cast<Source>(max));
+
+
+// These are the cases where Source is larger.
+
+// Both unsigned.
+BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SOURCE_LARGER(false, false, source <= max);
+// Both signed.
+BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SOURCE_LARGER(true, true,
+                                     source >= min && source <= max);
+// Dest is unsigned, Source is signed.
+BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SOURCE_LARGER(false, true,
+                                     source >= 0 && source <= max);
+// Dest is signed, Source is unsigned.
+// This cast is OK because Dest's max must be less than Source's.
+BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SOURCE_LARGER(true, false,
+                                     source <= static_cast<Source>(max));
+
+
+// These are the cases where Dest is larger.
+
+// Both unsigned.
+BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_DEST_LARGER(false, false, true);
+// Both signed.
+BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_DEST_LARGER(true, true, true);
+// Dest is unsigned, Source is signed.
+BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_DEST_LARGER(false, true, source >= 0);
+// Dest is signed, Source is unsigned.
+BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_DEST_LARGER(true, false, true);
+
+#undef BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SPECIALIZATION
+#undef BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SAME_SIZE
+#undef BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_SOURCE_LARGER
+#undef BASE_NUMERIC_CAST_CASE_DEST_LARGER
+
+
+// The main test for whether the conversion will under or overflow.
+template <class Dest, class Source>
+inline bool IsValidNumericCast(Source source) {
+  typedef std::numeric_limits<Source> SourceLimits;
+  typedef std::numeric_limits<Dest> DestLimits;
+  static_assert(SourceLimits::is_specialized, "argument must be numeric");
+  static_assert(SourceLimits::is_integer, "argument must be integral");
+  static_assert(DestLimits::is_specialized, "result must be numeric");
+  static_assert(DestLimits::is_integer, "result must be integral");
+
+  return IsValidNumericCastImpl<
+      sizeof(Dest) == sizeof(Source),
+      (sizeof(Dest) > sizeof(Source)),
+      DestLimits::is_signed,
+      SourceLimits::is_signed>::Test(
+          source,
+          DestLimits::min(),
+          DestLimits::max());
+}
+
+// checked_numeric_cast<> is analogous to static_cast<> for numeric types,
+// except that it CHECKs that the specified numeric conversion will not
+// overflow or underflow. Floating point arguments are not currently allowed
+// (this is static_asserted), though this could be supported if necessary.
+template <class Dest, class Source>
+inline Dest checked_numeric_cast(Source source) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(IsValidNumericCast<Dest>(source));
+  return static_cast<Dest>(source);
+}
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_SAFE_NUMERICS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9faaa4f93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: tibell@google.com (Johan Tibell)
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_SCOPED_PYOBJECT_PTR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_SCOPED_PYOBJECT_PTR_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#include <Python.h>
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+// Owns a python object and decrements the reference count on destruction.
+// This class is not threadsafe.
+template <typename PyObjectStruct>
+class ScopedPythonPtr {
+ public:
+  // Takes the ownership of the specified object to ScopedPythonPtr.
+  // The reference count of the specified py_object is not incremented.
+  explicit ScopedPythonPtr(PyObjectStruct* py_object = NULL)
+      : ptr_(py_object) {}
+
+  // If a PyObject is owned, decrement its reference count.
+  ~ScopedPythonPtr() { Py_XDECREF(ptr_); }
+
+  // Deletes the current owned object, if any.
+  // Then takes ownership of a new object without incrementing the reference
+  // count.
+  // This function must be called with a reference that you own.
+  //   this->reset(this->get()) is wrong!
+  //   this->reset(this->release()) is OK.
+  PyObjectStruct* reset(PyObjectStruct* p = NULL) {
+    Py_XDECREF(ptr_);
+    ptr_ = p;
+    return ptr_;
+  }
+
+  // Releases ownership of the object without decrementing the reference count.
+  // The caller now owns the returned reference.
+  PyObjectStruct* release() {
+    PyObject* p = ptr_;
+    ptr_ = NULL;
+    return p;
+  }
+
+  PyObjectStruct* get() const { return ptr_; }
+
+  PyObject* as_pyobject() const { return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(ptr_); }
+
+  // Increments the reference count fo the current object.
+  // Should not be called when no object is held.
+  void inc() const { Py_INCREF(ptr_); }
+
+  // True when a ScopedPyObjectPtr and a raw pointer refer to the same object.
+  // Comparison operators are non reflexive.
+  bool operator==(const PyObjectStruct* p) const { return ptr_ == p; }
+  bool operator!=(const PyObjectStruct* p) const { return ptr_ != p; }
+
+ private:
+  PyObjectStruct* ptr_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ScopedPythonPtr);
+};
+
+typedef ScopedPythonPtr<PyObject> ScopedPyObjectPtr;
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_SCOPED_PYOBJECT_PTR_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/unknown_fields.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/unknown_fields.cc
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c3679c0d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/unknown_fields.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/unknown_fields.h>
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <set>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  #define PyInt_FromLong PyLong_FromLong
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+namespace unknown_fields {
+
+static Py_ssize_t Len(PyObject* pself) {
+  PyUnknownFields* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<PyUnknownFields*>(pself);
+  if (self->fields == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "UnknownFields does not exist. "
+                 "The parent message might be cleared.");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return self->fields->field_count();
+}
+
+void Clear(PyUnknownFields* self) {
+  for (std::set<PyUnknownFields*>::iterator it =
+           self->sub_unknown_fields.begin();
+       it != self->sub_unknown_fields.end(); it++) {
+    Clear(*it);
+  }
+  self->fields = NULL;
+  self->sub_unknown_fields.clear();
+}
+
+PyObject* NewPyUnknownFieldRef(PyUnknownFields* parent,
+                               Py_ssize_t index);
+
+static PyObject* Item(PyObject* pself, Py_ssize_t index) {
+  PyUnknownFields* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<PyUnknownFields*>(pself);
+  if (self->fields == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "UnknownFields does not exist. "
+                 "The parent message might be cleared.");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  Py_ssize_t total_size = self->fields->field_count();
+  if (index < 0) {
+    index = total_size + index;
+  }
+  if (index < 0 || index >= total_size) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_IndexError,
+                 "index (%zd) out of range",
+                 index);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return unknown_fields::NewPyUnknownFieldRef(self, index);
+}
+
+PyObject* NewPyUnknownFields(CMessage* c_message) {
+  PyUnknownFields* self = reinterpret_cast<PyUnknownFields*>(
+      PyType_GenericAlloc(&PyUnknownFields_Type, 0));
+  if (self == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  // Call "placement new" to initialize PyUnknownFields.
+  new (self) PyUnknownFields;
+
+  Py_INCREF(c_message);
+  self->parent = reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(c_message);
+  Message* message = c_message->message;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  self->fields = &reflection->GetUnknownFields(*message);
+
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+PyObject* NewPyUnknownFieldRef(PyUnknownFields* parent,
+                               Py_ssize_t index) {
+  PyUnknownFieldRef* self = reinterpret_cast<PyUnknownFieldRef*>(
+      PyType_GenericAlloc(&PyUnknownFieldRef_Type, 0));
+  if (self == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  Py_INCREF(parent);
+  self->parent = parent;
+  self->index = index;
+
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+static void Dealloc(PyObject* pself) {
+  PyUnknownFields* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<PyUnknownFields*>(pself);
+  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(self->parent, &PyUnknownFields_Type)) {
+    reinterpret_cast<PyUnknownFields*>(
+        self->parent)->sub_unknown_fields.erase(self);
+  } else {
+    reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(self->parent)->unknown_field_set = nullptr;
+  }
+  Py_CLEAR(self->parent);
+  self->~PyUnknownFields();
+}
+
+static PySequenceMethods SqMethods = {
+  Len,        /* sq_length */
+  0,          /* sq_concat */
+  0,          /* sq_repeat */
+  Item,       /* sq_item */
+  0,          /* sq_slice */
+  0,          /* sq_ass_item */
+};
+
+}  // namespace unknown_fields
+
+PyTypeObject PyUnknownFields_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".PyUnknownFields",  // tp_name
+  sizeof(PyUnknownFields),             // tp_basicsize
+  0,                                   //  tp_itemsize
+  unknown_fields::Dealloc,             //  tp_dealloc
+  0,                                   //  tp_print
+  0,                                   //  tp_getattr
+  0,                                   //  tp_setattr
+  0,                                   //  tp_compare
+  0,                                   //  tp_repr
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_number
+  &unknown_fields::SqMethods,          //  tp_as_sequence
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_mapping
+  PyObject_HashNotImplemented,         //  tp_hash
+  0,                                   //  tp_call
+  0,                                   //  tp_str
+  0,                                   //  tp_getattro
+  0,                                   //  tp_setattro
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                  //  tp_flags
+  "unknown field set",                 //  tp_doc
+  0,                                   //  tp_traverse
+  0,                                   //  tp_clear
+  0,                                   //  tp_richcompare
+  0,                                   //  tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                   //  tp_iter
+  0,                                   //  tp_iternext
+  0,                                   //  tp_methods
+  0,                                   //  tp_members
+  0,                                   //  tp_getset
+  0,                                   //  tp_base
+  0,                                   //  tp_dict
+  0,                                   //  tp_descr_get
+  0,                                   //  tp_descr_set
+  0,                                   //  tp_dictoffset
+  0,                                   //  tp_init
+};
+
+namespace unknown_field {
+static PyObject* PyUnknownFields_FromUnknownFieldSet(
+    PyUnknownFields* parent, const UnknownFieldSet& fields) {
+  PyUnknownFields* self = reinterpret_cast<PyUnknownFields*>(
+      PyType_GenericAlloc(&PyUnknownFields_Type, 0));
+  if (self == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  // Call "placement new" to initialize PyUnknownFields.
+  new (self) PyUnknownFields;
+
+  Py_INCREF(parent);
+  self->parent = reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(parent);
+  self->fields = &fields;
+  parent->sub_unknown_fields.emplace(self);
+
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self);
+}
+
+const UnknownField* GetUnknownField(PyUnknownFieldRef* self) {
+  const UnknownFieldSet* fields = self->parent->fields;
+  if (fields == NULL) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "UnknownField does not exist. "
+                 "The parent message might be cleared.");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ssize_t total_size = fields->field_count();
+  if (self->index >= total_size) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "UnknownField does not exist. "
+                 "The parent message might be cleared.");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return &fields->field(self->index);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetFieldNumber(PyUnknownFieldRef* self, void *closure) {
+  const UnknownField* unknown_field = GetUnknownField(self);
+  if (unknown_field == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return PyInt_FromLong(unknown_field->number());
+}
+
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+static PyObject* GetWireType(PyUnknownFieldRef* self, void *closure) {
+  const UnknownField* unknown_field = GetUnknownField(self);
+  if (unknown_field == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Assign a default value to suppress may-unintialized warnings (errors
+  // when built in some places).
+  WireFormatLite::WireType wire_type = WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT;
+  switch (unknown_field->type()) {
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT:
+      wire_type = WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT;
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      wire_type = WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED32;
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      wire_type = WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED64;
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+      wire_type = WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED;
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP:
+      wire_type = WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_START_GROUP;
+      break;
+  }
+  return PyInt_FromLong(wire_type);
+}
+
+static PyObject* GetData(PyUnknownFieldRef* self, void *closure) {
+  const UnknownField* field = GetUnknownField(self);
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  PyObject* data = NULL;
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT:
+      data = PyInt_FromLong(field->varint());
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      data = PyInt_FromLong(field->fixed32());
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      data = PyInt_FromLong(field->fixed64());
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+      data = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(field->length_delimited().data(),
+                                       field->GetLengthDelimitedSize());
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP:
+      data = PyUnknownFields_FromUnknownFieldSet(
+          self->parent, field->group());
+      break;
+  }
+  return data;
+}
+
+static void Dealloc(PyObject* pself) {
+  PyUnknownFieldRef* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<PyUnknownFieldRef*>(pself);
+  Py_CLEAR(self->parent);
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+  {"field_number", (getter)GetFieldNumber, NULL},
+  {"wire_type", (getter)GetWireType, NULL},
+  {"data", (getter)GetData, NULL},
+  {NULL}
+};
+
+}  // namespace unknown_field
+
+PyTypeObject PyUnknownFieldRef_Type = {
+  PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+  FULL_MODULE_NAME ".PyUnknownFieldRef",  // tp_name
+  sizeof(PyUnknownFieldRef),           //  tp_basicsize
+  0,                                   //  tp_itemsize
+  unknown_field::Dealloc,              //  tp_dealloc
+  0,                                   //  tp_print
+  0,                                   //  tp_getattr
+  0,                                   //  tp_setattr
+  0,                                   //  tp_compare
+  0,                                   //  tp_repr
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_number
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_sequence
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_mapping
+  PyObject_HashNotImplemented,         //  tp_hash
+  0,                                   //  tp_call
+  0,                                   //  tp_str
+  0,                                   //  tp_getattro
+  0,                                   //  tp_setattro
+  0,                                   //  tp_as_buffer
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                  //  tp_flags
+  "unknown field",                     //  tp_doc
+  0,                                   //  tp_traverse
+  0,                                   //  tp_clear
+  0,                                   //  tp_richcompare
+  0,                                   //  tp_weaklistoffset
+  0,                                   //  tp_iter
+  0,                                   //  tp_iternext
+  0,                                   //  tp_methods
+  0,                                   //  tp_members
+  unknown_field::Getters,              //  tp_getset
+  0,                                   //  tp_base
+  0,                                   //  tp_dict
+  0,                                   //  tp_descr_get
+  0,                                   //  tp_descr_set
+  0,                                   //  tp_dictoffset
+  0,                                   //  tp_init
+};
+
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/unknown_fields.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/unknown_fields.h
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..94d55e148
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/pyext/unknown_fields.h
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_UNKNOWN_FIELDS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_UNKNOWN_FIELDS_H__
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class UnknownField;
+class UnknownFieldSet;
+
+namespace python {
+struct CMessage;
+
+typedef struct PyUnknownFields {
+  PyObject_HEAD;
+  // Strong pointer to the parent CMessage or PyUnknownFields.
+  // The top PyUnknownFields holds a reference to its parent CMessage
+  // object before release.
+  // Sub PyUnknownFields holds reference to parent PyUnknownFields.
+  PyObject* parent;
+
+  // Pointer to the C++ UnknownFieldSet.
+  // PyUnknownFields does not own this pointer.
+  const UnknownFieldSet* fields;
+
+  // Weak references to child unknown fields.
+  std::set<PyUnknownFields*> sub_unknown_fields;
+} PyUnknownFields;
+
+typedef struct PyUnknownFieldRef {
+  PyObject_HEAD;
+  // Every Python PyUnknownFieldRef holds a reference to its parent
+  // PyUnknownFields in order to keep it alive.
+  PyUnknownFields* parent;
+
+  // The UnknownField index in UnknownFields.
+  Py_ssize_t index;
+} UknownFieldRef;
+
+extern PyTypeObject PyUnknownFields_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject PyUnknownFieldRef_Type;
+
+namespace unknown_fields {
+
+// Builds an PyUnknownFields for a specific message.
+PyObject* NewPyUnknownFields(CMessage *parent);
+void Clear(PyUnknownFields* self);
+
+}  // namespace unknown_fields
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_UNKNOWN_FIELDS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/python_protobuf.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/python_protobuf.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8db1ffb75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/python_protobuf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: qrczak@google.com (Marcin Kowalczyk)
+//
+// This module exposes the C proto inside the given Python proto, in
+// case the Python proto is implemented with a C proto.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_PYTHON_PROTOBUF_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_PYTHON_PROTOBUF_H__
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Message;
+
+namespace python {
+
+// Return the pointer to the C proto inside the given Python proto,
+// or NULL when this is not a Python proto implemented with a C proto.
+const Message* GetCProtoInsidePyProto(PyObject* msg);
+Message* MutableCProtoInsidePyProto(PyObject* msg);
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_PYTHON_PROTOBUF_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/reflection.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/reflection.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..81e18859a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/reflection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# This code is meant to work on Python 2.4 and above only.
+
+"""Contains a metaclass and helper functions used to create
+protocol message classes from Descriptor objects at runtime.
+
+Recall that a metaclass is the "type" of a class.
+(A class is to a metaclass what an instance is to a class.)
+
+In this case, we use the GeneratedProtocolMessageType metaclass
+to inject all the useful functionality into the classes
+output by the protocol compiler at compile-time.
+
+The upshot of all this is that the real implementation
+details for ALL pure-Python protocol buffers are *here in
+this file*.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
+
+
+from google.protobuf import message_factory
+from google.protobuf import symbol_database
+
+# The type of all Message classes.
+# Part of the public interface, but normally only used by message factories.
+GeneratedProtocolMessageType = message_factory._GENERATED_PROTOCOL_MESSAGE_TYPE
+
+MESSAGE_CLASS_CACHE = {}
+
+
+# Deprecated. Please NEVER use reflection.ParseMessage().
+def ParseMessage(descriptor, byte_str):
+  """Generate a new Message instance from this Descriptor and a byte string.
+
+  DEPRECATED: ParseMessage is deprecated because it is using MakeClass().
+  Please use MessageFactory.GetPrototype() instead.
+
+  Args:
+    descriptor: Protobuf Descriptor object
+    byte_str: Serialized protocol buffer byte string
+
+  Returns:
+    Newly created protobuf Message object.
+  """
+  result_class = MakeClass(descriptor)
+  new_msg = result_class()
+  new_msg.ParseFromString(byte_str)
+  return new_msg
+
+
+# Deprecated. Please NEVER use reflection.MakeClass().
+def MakeClass(descriptor):
+  """Construct a class object for a protobuf described by descriptor.
+
+  DEPRECATED: use MessageFactory.GetPrototype() instead.
+
+  Args:
+    descriptor: A descriptor.Descriptor object describing the protobuf.
+  Returns:
+    The Message class object described by the descriptor.
+  """
+  # Original implementation leads to duplicate message classes, which won't play
+  # well with extensions. Message factory info is also missing.
+  # Redirect to message_factory.
+  return symbol_database.Default().GetPrototype(descriptor)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/service.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/service.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9e00de704
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/service.py
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""DEPRECATED:  Declares the RPC service interfaces.
+
+This module declares the abstract interfaces underlying proto2 RPC
+services.  These are intended to be independent of any particular RPC
+implementation, so that proto2 services can be used on top of a variety
+of implementations.  Starting with version 2.3.0, RPC implementations should
+not try to build on these, but should instead provide code generator plugins
+which generate code specific to the particular RPC implementation.  This way
+the generated code can be more appropriate for the implementation in use
+and can avoid unnecessary layers of indirection.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'petar@google.com (Petar Petrov)'
+
+
+class RpcException(Exception):
+  """Exception raised on failed blocking RPC method call."""
+  pass
+
+
+class Service(object):
+
+  """Abstract base interface for protocol-buffer-based RPC services.
+
+  Services themselves are abstract classes (implemented either by servers or as
+  stubs), but they subclass this base interface. The methods of this
+  interface can be used to call the methods of the service without knowing
+  its exact type at compile time (analogous to the Message interface).
+  """
+
+  def GetDescriptor():
+    """Retrieves this service's descriptor."""
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def CallMethod(self, method_descriptor, rpc_controller,
+                 request, done):
+    """Calls a method of the service specified by method_descriptor.
+
+    If "done" is None then the call is blocking and the response
+    message will be returned directly.  Otherwise the call is asynchronous
+    and "done" will later be called with the response value.
+
+    In the blocking case, RpcException will be raised on error.
+
+    Preconditions:
+    * method_descriptor.service == GetDescriptor
+    * request is of the exact same classes as returned by
+      GetRequestClass(method).
+    * After the call has started, the request must not be modified.
+    * "rpc_controller" is of the correct type for the RPC implementation being
+      used by this Service.  For stubs, the "correct type" depends on the
+      RpcChannel which the stub is using.
+
+    Postconditions:
+    * "done" will be called when the method is complete.  This may be
+      before CallMethod() returns or it may be at some point in the future.
+    * If the RPC failed, the response value passed to "done" will be None.
+      Further details about the failure can be found by querying the
+      RpcController.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def GetRequestClass(self, method_descriptor):
+    """Returns the class of the request message for the specified method.
+
+    CallMethod() requires that the request is of a particular subclass of
+    Message. GetRequestClass() gets the default instance of this required
+    type.
+
+    Example:
+      method = service.GetDescriptor().FindMethodByName("Foo")
+      request = stub.GetRequestClass(method)()
+      request.ParseFromString(input)
+      service.CallMethod(method, request, callback)
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def GetResponseClass(self, method_descriptor):
+    """Returns the class of the response message for the specified method.
+
+    This method isn't really needed, as the RpcChannel's CallMethod constructs
+    the response protocol message. It's provided anyway in case it is useful
+    for the caller to know the response type in advance.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class RpcController(object):
+
+  """An RpcController mediates a single method call.
+
+  The primary purpose of the controller is to provide a way to manipulate
+  settings specific to the RPC implementation and to find out about RPC-level
+  errors. The methods provided by the RpcController interface are intended
+  to be a "least common denominator" set of features which we expect all
+  implementations to support.  Specific implementations may provide more
+  advanced features (e.g. deadline propagation).
+  """
+
+  # Client-side methods below
+
+  def Reset(self):
+    """Resets the RpcController to its initial state.
+
+    After the RpcController has been reset, it may be reused in
+    a new call. Must not be called while an RPC is in progress.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def Failed(self):
+    """Returns true if the call failed.
+
+    After a call has finished, returns true if the call failed.  The possible
+    reasons for failure depend on the RPC implementation.  Failed() must not
+    be called before a call has finished.  If Failed() returns true, the
+    contents of the response message are undefined.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def ErrorText(self):
+    """If Failed is true, returns a human-readable description of the error."""
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def StartCancel(self):
+    """Initiate cancellation.
+
+    Advises the RPC system that the caller desires that the RPC call be
+    canceled.  The RPC system may cancel it immediately, may wait awhile and
+    then cancel it, or may not even cancel the call at all.  If the call is
+    canceled, the "done" callback will still be called and the RpcController
+    will indicate that the call failed at that time.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  # Server-side methods below
+
+  def SetFailed(self, reason):
+    """Sets a failure reason.
+
+    Causes Failed() to return true on the client side.  "reason" will be
+    incorporated into the message returned by ErrorText().  If you find
+    you need to return machine-readable information about failures, you
+    should incorporate it into your response protocol buffer and should
+    NOT call SetFailed().
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def IsCanceled(self):
+    """Checks if the client cancelled the RPC.
+
+    If true, indicates that the client canceled the RPC, so the server may
+    as well give up on replying to it.  The server should still call the
+    final "done" callback.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def NotifyOnCancel(self, callback):
+    """Sets a callback to invoke on cancel.
+
+    Asks that the given callback be called when the RPC is canceled.  The
+    callback will always be called exactly once.  If the RPC completes without
+    being canceled, the callback will be called after completion.  If the RPC
+    has already been canceled when NotifyOnCancel() is called, the callback
+    will be called immediately.
+
+    NotifyOnCancel() must be called no more than once per request.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class RpcChannel(object):
+
+  """Abstract interface for an RPC channel.
+
+  An RpcChannel represents a communication line to a service which can be used
+  to call that service's methods.  The service may be running on another
+  machine. Normally, you should not use an RpcChannel directly, but instead
+  construct a stub {@link Service} wrapping it.  Example:
+
+  Example:
+    RpcChannel channel = rpcImpl.Channel("remotehost.example.com:1234")
+    RpcController controller = rpcImpl.Controller()
+    MyService service = MyService_Stub(channel)
+    service.MyMethod(controller, request, callback)
+  """
+
+  def CallMethod(self, method_descriptor, rpc_controller,
+                 request, response_class, done):
+    """Calls the method identified by the descriptor.
+
+    Call the given method of the remote service.  The signature of this
+    procedure looks the same as Service.CallMethod(), but the requirements
+    are less strict in one important way:  the request object doesn't have to
+    be of any specific class as long as its descriptor is method.input_type.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/service_reflection.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/service_reflection.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..147131f25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/service_reflection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Contains metaclasses used to create protocol service and service stub
+classes from ServiceDescriptor objects at runtime.
+
+The GeneratedServiceType and GeneratedServiceStubType metaclasses are used to
+inject all useful functionality into the classes output by the protocol
+compiler at compile-time.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'petar@google.com (Petar Petrov)'
+
+from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+
+if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+  from google.protobuf.pyext import _message
+
+
+class GeneratedServiceType(type):
+
+  """Metaclass for service classes created at runtime from ServiceDescriptors.
+
+  Implementations for all methods described in the Service class are added here
+  by this class. We also create properties to allow getting/setting all fields
+  in the protocol message.
+
+  The protocol compiler currently uses this metaclass to create protocol service
+  classes at runtime. Clients can also manually create their own classes at
+  runtime, as in this example:
+
+  mydescriptor = ServiceDescriptor(.....)
+  class MyProtoService(service.Service):
+    __metaclass__ = GeneratedServiceType
+    DESCRIPTOR = mydescriptor
+  myservice_instance = MyProtoService()
+  ...
+  """
+
+  _DESCRIPTOR_KEY = 'DESCRIPTOR'
+
+  def __init__(cls, name, bases, dictionary):
+    """Creates a message service class.
+
+    Args:
+      name: Name of the class (ignored, but required by the metaclass
+        protocol).
+      bases: Base classes of the class being constructed.
+      dictionary: The class dictionary of the class being constructed.
+        dictionary[_DESCRIPTOR_KEY] must contain a ServiceDescriptor object
+        describing this protocol service type.
+    """
+    # Don't do anything if this class doesn't have a descriptor. This happens
+    # when a service class is subclassed.
+    if GeneratedServiceType._DESCRIPTOR_KEY not in dictionary:
+      return
+
+    descriptor = dictionary[GeneratedServiceType._DESCRIPTOR_KEY]
+    if isinstance(descriptor, str):
+      descriptor = _message.default_pool.FindServiceByName(descriptor)
+      dictionary[GeneratedServiceType._DESCRIPTOR_KEY] = descriptor
+
+    service_builder = _ServiceBuilder(descriptor)
+    service_builder.BuildService(cls)
+    cls.DESCRIPTOR = descriptor
+
+
+class GeneratedServiceStubType(GeneratedServiceType):
+
+  """Metaclass for service stubs created at runtime from ServiceDescriptors.
+
+  This class has similar responsibilities as GeneratedServiceType, except that
+  it creates the service stub classes.
+  """
+
+  _DESCRIPTOR_KEY = 'DESCRIPTOR'
+
+  def __init__(cls, name, bases, dictionary):
+    """Creates a message service stub class.
+
+    Args:
+      name: Name of the class (ignored, here).
+      bases: Base classes of the class being constructed.
+      dictionary: The class dictionary of the class being constructed.
+        dictionary[_DESCRIPTOR_KEY] must contain a ServiceDescriptor object
+        describing this protocol service type.
+    """
+    descriptor = dictionary.get(cls._DESCRIPTOR_KEY)
+    if isinstance(descriptor, str):
+      descriptor = _message.default_pool.FindServiceByName(descriptor)
+      dictionary[GeneratedServiceStubType._DESCRIPTOR_KEY] = descriptor
+    super(GeneratedServiceStubType, cls).__init__(name, bases, dictionary)
+    # Don't do anything if this class doesn't have a descriptor. This happens
+    # when a service stub is subclassed.
+    if GeneratedServiceStubType._DESCRIPTOR_KEY not in dictionary:
+      return
+
+    service_stub_builder = _ServiceStubBuilder(descriptor)
+    service_stub_builder.BuildServiceStub(cls)
+
+
+class _ServiceBuilder(object):
+
+  """This class constructs a protocol service class using a service descriptor.
+
+  Given a service descriptor, this class constructs a class that represents
+  the specified service descriptor. One service builder instance constructs
+  exactly one service class. That means all instances of that class share the
+  same builder.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, service_descriptor):
+    """Initializes an instance of the service class builder.
+
+    Args:
+      service_descriptor: ServiceDescriptor to use when constructing the
+        service class.
+    """
+    self.descriptor = service_descriptor
+
+  def BuildService(self, cls):
+    """Constructs the service class.
+
+    Args:
+      cls: The class that will be constructed.
+    """
+
+    # CallMethod needs to operate with an instance of the Service class. This
+    # internal wrapper function exists only to be able to pass the service
+    # instance to the method that does the real CallMethod work.
+    def _WrapCallMethod(srvc, method_descriptor,
+                        rpc_controller, request, callback):
+      return self._CallMethod(srvc, method_descriptor,
+                       rpc_controller, request, callback)
+    self.cls = cls
+    cls.CallMethod = _WrapCallMethod
+    cls.GetDescriptor = staticmethod(lambda: self.descriptor)
+    cls.GetDescriptor.__doc__ = "Returns the service descriptor."
+    cls.GetRequestClass = self._GetRequestClass
+    cls.GetResponseClass = self._GetResponseClass
+    for method in self.descriptor.methods:
+      setattr(cls, method.name, self._GenerateNonImplementedMethod(method))
+
+  def _CallMethod(self, srvc, method_descriptor,
+                  rpc_controller, request, callback):
+    """Calls the method described by a given method descriptor.
+
+    Args:
+      srvc: Instance of the service for which this method is called.
+      method_descriptor: Descriptor that represent the method to call.
+      rpc_controller: RPC controller to use for this method's execution.
+      request: Request protocol message.
+      callback: A callback to invoke after the method has completed.
+    """
+    if method_descriptor.containing_service != self.descriptor:
+      raise RuntimeError(
+          'CallMethod() given method descriptor for wrong service type.')
+    method = getattr(srvc, method_descriptor.name)
+    return method(rpc_controller, request, callback)
+
+  def _GetRequestClass(self, method_descriptor):
+    """Returns the class of the request protocol message.
+
+    Args:
+      method_descriptor: Descriptor of the method for which to return the
+        request protocol message class.
+
+    Returns:
+      A class that represents the input protocol message of the specified
+      method.
+    """
+    if method_descriptor.containing_service != self.descriptor:
+      raise RuntimeError(
+          'GetRequestClass() given method descriptor for wrong service type.')
+    return method_descriptor.input_type._concrete_class
+
+  def _GetResponseClass(self, method_descriptor):
+    """Returns the class of the response protocol message.
+
+    Args:
+      method_descriptor: Descriptor of the method for which to return the
+        response protocol message class.
+
+    Returns:
+      A class that represents the output protocol message of the specified
+      method.
+    """
+    if method_descriptor.containing_service != self.descriptor:
+      raise RuntimeError(
+          'GetResponseClass() given method descriptor for wrong service type.')
+    return method_descriptor.output_type._concrete_class
+
+  def _GenerateNonImplementedMethod(self, method):
+    """Generates and returns a method that can be set for a service methods.
+
+    Args:
+      method: Descriptor of the service method for which a method is to be
+        generated.
+
+    Returns:
+      A method that can be added to the service class.
+    """
+    return lambda inst, rpc_controller, request, callback: (
+        self._NonImplementedMethod(method.name, rpc_controller, callback))
+
+  def _NonImplementedMethod(self, method_name, rpc_controller, callback):
+    """The body of all methods in the generated service class.
+
+    Args:
+      method_name: Name of the method being executed.
+      rpc_controller: RPC controller used to execute this method.
+      callback: A callback which will be invoked when the method finishes.
+    """
+    rpc_controller.SetFailed('Method %s not implemented.' % method_name)
+    callback(None)
+
+
+class _ServiceStubBuilder(object):
+
+  """Constructs a protocol service stub class using a service descriptor.
+
+  Given a service descriptor, this class constructs a suitable stub class.
+  A stub is just a type-safe wrapper around an RpcChannel which emulates a
+  local implementation of the service.
+
+  One service stub builder instance constructs exactly one class. It means all
+  instances of that class share the same service stub builder.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, service_descriptor):
+    """Initializes an instance of the service stub class builder.
+
+    Args:
+      service_descriptor: ServiceDescriptor to use when constructing the
+        stub class.
+    """
+    self.descriptor = service_descriptor
+
+  def BuildServiceStub(self, cls):
+    """Constructs the stub class.
+
+    Args:
+      cls: The class that will be constructed.
+    """
+
+    def _ServiceStubInit(stub, rpc_channel):
+      stub.rpc_channel = rpc_channel
+    self.cls = cls
+    cls.__init__ = _ServiceStubInit
+    for method in self.descriptor.methods:
+      setattr(cls, method.name, self._GenerateStubMethod(method))
+
+  def _GenerateStubMethod(self, method):
+    return (lambda inst, rpc_controller, request, callback=None:
+        self._StubMethod(inst, method, rpc_controller, request, callback))
+
+  def _StubMethod(self, stub, method_descriptor,
+                  rpc_controller, request, callback):
+    """The body of all service methods in the generated stub class.
+
+    Args:
+      stub: Stub instance.
+      method_descriptor: Descriptor of the invoked method.
+      rpc_controller: Rpc controller to execute the method.
+      request: Request protocol message.
+      callback: A callback to execute when the method finishes.
+    Returns:
+      Response message (in case of blocking call).
+    """
+    return stub.rpc_channel.CallMethod(
+        method_descriptor, rpc_controller, request,
+        method_descriptor.output_type._concrete_class, callback)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/symbol_database.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/symbol_database.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4020b156c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/symbol_database.py
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""A database of Python protocol buffer generated symbols.
+
+SymbolDatabase is the MessageFactory for messages generated at compile time,
+and makes it easy to create new instances of a registered type, given only the
+type's protocol buffer symbol name.
+
+Example usage:
+
+  db = symbol_database.SymbolDatabase()
+
+  # Register symbols of interest, from one or multiple files.
+  db.RegisterFileDescriptor(my_proto_pb2.DESCRIPTOR)
+  db.RegisterMessage(my_proto_pb2.MyMessage)
+  db.RegisterEnumDescriptor(my_proto_pb2.MyEnum.DESCRIPTOR)
+
+  # The database can be used as a MessageFactory, to generate types based on
+  # their name:
+  types = db.GetMessages(['my_proto.proto'])
+  my_message_instance = types['MyMessage']()
+
+  # The database's underlying descriptor pool can be queried, so it's not
+  # necessary to know a type's filename to be able to generate it:
+  filename = db.pool.FindFileContainingSymbol('MyMessage')
+  my_message_instance = db.GetMessages([filename])['MyMessage']()
+
+  # This functionality is also provided directly via a convenience method:
+  my_message_instance = db.GetSymbol('MyMessage')()
+"""
+
+
+from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool
+from google.protobuf import message_factory
+
+
+class SymbolDatabase(message_factory.MessageFactory):
+  """A database of Python generated symbols."""
+
+  def RegisterMessage(self, message):
+    """Registers the given message type in the local database.
+
+    Calls to GetSymbol() and GetMessages() will return messages registered here.
+
+    Args:
+      message: a message.Message, to be registered.
+
+    Returns:
+      The provided message.
+    """
+
+    desc = message.DESCRIPTOR
+    self._classes[desc] = message
+    self.RegisterMessageDescriptor(desc)
+    return message
+
+  def RegisterMessageDescriptor(self, message_descriptor):
+    """Registers the given message descriptor in the local database.
+
+    Args:
+      message_descriptor: a descriptor.MessageDescriptor.
+    """
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      self.pool._AddDescriptor(message_descriptor)
+
+  def RegisterEnumDescriptor(self, enum_descriptor):
+    """Registers the given enum descriptor in the local database.
+
+    Args:
+      enum_descriptor: a descriptor.EnumDescriptor.
+
+    Returns:
+      The provided descriptor.
+    """
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      self.pool._AddEnumDescriptor(enum_descriptor)
+    return enum_descriptor
+
+  def RegisterServiceDescriptor(self, service_descriptor):
+    """Registers the given service descriptor in the local database.
+
+    Args:
+      service_descriptor: a descriptor.ServiceDescriptor.
+
+    Returns:
+      The provided descriptor.
+    """
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      self.pool._AddServiceDescriptor(service_descriptor)
+
+  def RegisterFileDescriptor(self, file_descriptor):
+    """Registers the given file descriptor in the local database.
+
+    Args:
+      file_descriptor: a descriptor.FileDescriptor.
+
+    Returns:
+      The provided descriptor.
+    """
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
+      # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      self.pool._InternalAddFileDescriptor(file_descriptor)
+
+  def GetSymbol(self, symbol):
+    """Tries to find a symbol in the local database.
+
+    Currently, this method only returns message.Message instances, however, if
+    may be extended in future to support other symbol types.
+
+    Args:
+      symbol: A str, a protocol buffer symbol.
+
+    Returns:
+      A Python class corresponding to the symbol.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError: if the symbol could not be found.
+    """
+
+    return self._classes[self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName(symbol)]
+
+  def GetMessages(self, files):
+    # TODO(amauryfa): Fix the differences with MessageFactory.
+    """Gets all registered messages from a specified file.
+
+    Only messages already created and registered will be returned; (this is the
+    case for imported _pb2 modules)
+    But unlike MessageFactory, this version also returns already defined nested
+    messages, but does not register any message extensions.
+
+    Args:
+      files: The file names to extract messages from.
+
+    Returns:
+      A dictionary mapping proto names to the message classes.
+
+    Raises:
+      KeyError: if a file could not be found.
+    """
+
+    def _GetAllMessages(desc):
+      """Walk a message Descriptor and recursively yields all message names."""
+      yield desc
+      for msg_desc in desc.nested_types:
+        for nested_desc in _GetAllMessages(msg_desc):
+          yield nested_desc
+
+    result = {}
+    for file_name in files:
+      file_desc = self.pool.FindFileByName(file_name)
+      for msg_desc in file_desc.message_types_by_name.values():
+        for desc in _GetAllMessages(msg_desc):
+          try:
+            result[desc.full_name] = self._classes[desc]
+          except KeyError:
+            # This descriptor has no registered class, skip it.
+            pass
+    return result
+
+
+_DEFAULT = SymbolDatabase(pool=descriptor_pool.Default())
+
+
+def Default():
+  """Returns the default SymbolDatabase."""
+  return _DEFAULT
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/text_encoding.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/text_encoding.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39898765f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/text_encoding.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Encoding related utilities."""
+import re
+
+import six
+
+_cescape_chr_to_symbol_map = {}
+_cescape_chr_to_symbol_map[9] = r'\t'  # optional escape
+_cescape_chr_to_symbol_map[10] = r'\n'  # optional escape
+_cescape_chr_to_symbol_map[13] = r'\r'  # optional escape
+_cescape_chr_to_symbol_map[34] = r'\"'  # necessary escape
+_cescape_chr_to_symbol_map[39] = r"\'"  # optional escape
+_cescape_chr_to_symbol_map[92] = r'\\'  # necessary escape
+
+# Lookup table for unicode
+_cescape_unicode_to_str = [chr(i) for i in range(0, 256)]
+for byte, string in _cescape_chr_to_symbol_map.items():
+  _cescape_unicode_to_str[byte] = string
+
+# Lookup table for non-utf8, with necessary escapes at (o >= 127 or o < 32)
+_cescape_byte_to_str = ([r'\%03o' % i for i in range(0, 32)] +
+                        [chr(i) for i in range(32, 127)] +
+                        [r'\%03o' % i for i in range(127, 256)])
+for byte, string in _cescape_chr_to_symbol_map.items():
+  _cescape_byte_to_str[byte] = string
+del byte, string
+
+
+def CEscape(text, as_utf8):
+  # type: (...) -> str
+  """Escape a bytes string for use in an text protocol buffer.
+
+  Args:
+    text: A byte string to be escaped.
+    as_utf8: Specifies if result may contain non-ASCII characters.
+        In Python 3 this allows unescaped non-ASCII Unicode characters.
+        In Python 2 the return value will be valid UTF-8 rather than only ASCII.
+  Returns:
+    Escaped string (str).
+  """
+  # Python's text.encode() 'string_escape' or 'unicode_escape' codecs do not
+  # satisfy our needs; they encodes unprintable characters using two-digit hex
+  # escapes whereas our C++ unescaping function allows hex escapes to be any
+  # length.  So, "\0011".encode('string_escape') ends up being "\\x011", which
+  # will be decoded in C++ as a single-character string with char code 0x11.
+  if six.PY3:
+    text_is_unicode = isinstance(text, str)
+    if as_utf8 and text_is_unicode:
+      # We're already unicode, no processing beyond control char escapes.
+      return text.translate(_cescape_chr_to_symbol_map)
+    ord_ = ord if text_is_unicode else lambda x: x  # bytes iterate as ints.
+  else:
+    ord_ = ord  # PY2
+  if as_utf8:
+    return ''.join(_cescape_unicode_to_str[ord_(c)] for c in text)
+  return ''.join(_cescape_byte_to_str[ord_(c)] for c in text)
+
+
+_CUNESCAPE_HEX = re.compile(r'(\\+)x([0-9a-fA-F])(?![0-9a-fA-F])')
+
+
+def CUnescape(text):
+  # type: (str) -> bytes
+  """Unescape a text string with C-style escape sequences to UTF-8 bytes.
+
+  Args:
+    text: The data to parse in a str.
+  Returns:
+    A byte string.
+  """
+
+  def ReplaceHex(m):
+    # Only replace the match if the number of leading back slashes is odd. i.e.
+    # the slash itself is not escaped.
+    if len(m.group(1)) & 1:
+      return m.group(1) + 'x0' + m.group(2)
+    return m.group(0)
+
+  # This is required because the 'string_escape' encoding doesn't
+  # allow single-digit hex escapes (like '\xf').
+  result = _CUNESCAPE_HEX.sub(ReplaceHex, text)
+
+  if six.PY2:
+    return result.decode('string_escape')
+  return (result.encode('utf-8')  # PY3: Make it bytes to allow decode.
+          .decode('unicode_escape')
+          # Make it bytes again to return the proper type.
+          .encode('raw_unicode_escape'))
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/text_format.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/text_format.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a85184e32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/text_format.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1787 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Contains routines for printing protocol messages in text format.
+
+Simple usage example:
+
+  # Create a proto object and serialize it to a text proto string.
+  message = my_proto_pb2.MyMessage(foo='bar')
+  text_proto = text_format.MessageToString(message)
+
+  # Parse a text proto string.
+  message = text_format.Parse(text_proto, my_proto_pb2.MyMessage())
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)'
+
+# TODO(b/129989314) Import thread contention leads to test failures.
+import encodings.raw_unicode_escape  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+import encodings.unicode_escape  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+import io
+import re
+
+import six
+
+if six.PY3:
+  long = int  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin,invalid-name
+
+# pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+from google.protobuf.internal import decoder
+from google.protobuf.internal import type_checkers
+from google.protobuf import descriptor
+from google.protobuf import text_encoding
+
+__all__ = ['MessageToString', 'Parse', 'PrintMessage', 'PrintField',
+           'PrintFieldValue', 'Merge', 'MessageToBytes']
+
+_INTEGER_CHECKERS = (type_checkers.Uint32ValueChecker(),
+                     type_checkers.Int32ValueChecker(),
+                     type_checkers.Uint64ValueChecker(),
+                     type_checkers.Int64ValueChecker())
+_FLOAT_INFINITY = re.compile('-?inf(?:inity)?f?$', re.IGNORECASE)
+_FLOAT_NAN = re.compile('nanf?$', re.IGNORECASE)
+_QUOTES = frozenset(("'", '"'))
+_ANY_FULL_TYPE_NAME = 'google.protobuf.Any'
+
+
+class Error(Exception):
+  """Top-level module error for text_format."""
+
+
+class ParseError(Error):
+  """Thrown in case of text parsing or tokenizing error."""
+
+  def __init__(self, message=None, line=None, column=None):
+    if message is not None and line is not None:
+      loc = str(line)
+      if column is not None:
+        loc += ':{0}'.format(column)
+      message = '{0} : {1}'.format(loc, message)
+    if message is not None:
+      super(ParseError, self).__init__(message)
+    else:
+      super(ParseError, self).__init__()
+    self._line = line
+    self._column = column
+
+  def GetLine(self):
+    return self._line
+
+  def GetColumn(self):
+    return self._column
+
+
+class TextWriter(object):
+
+  def __init__(self, as_utf8):
+    if six.PY2:
+      self._writer = io.BytesIO()
+    else:
+      self._writer = io.StringIO()
+
+  def write(self, val):
+    if six.PY2:
+      if isinstance(val, six.text_type):
+        val = val.encode('utf-8')
+    return self._writer.write(val)
+
+  def close(self):
+    return self._writer.close()
+
+  def getvalue(self):
+    return self._writer.getvalue()
+
+
+def MessageToString(message,
+                    as_utf8=False,
+                    as_one_line=False,
+                    use_short_repeated_primitives=False,
+                    pointy_brackets=False,
+                    use_index_order=False,
+                    float_format=None,
+                    double_format=None,
+                    use_field_number=False,
+                    descriptor_pool=None,
+                    indent=0,
+                    message_formatter=None,
+                    print_unknown_fields=False):
+  # type: (...) -> str
+  """Convert protobuf message to text format.
+
+  Double values can be formatted compactly with 15 digits of
+  precision (which is the most that IEEE 754 "double" can guarantee)
+  using double_format='.15g'. To ensure that converting to text and back to a
+  proto will result in an identical value, double_format='.17g' should be used.
+
+  Args:
+    message: The protocol buffers message.
+    as_utf8: Return unescaped Unicode for non-ASCII characters.
+        In Python 3 actual Unicode characters may appear as is in strings.
+        In Python 2 the return value will be valid UTF-8 rather than only ASCII.
+    as_one_line: Don't introduce newlines between fields.
+    use_short_repeated_primitives: Use short repeated format for primitives.
+    pointy_brackets: If True, use angle brackets instead of curly braces for
+      nesting.
+    use_index_order: If True, fields of a proto message will be printed using
+      the order defined in source code instead of the field number, extensions
+      will be printed at the end of the message and their relative order is
+      determined by the extension number. By default, use the field number
+      order.
+    float_format: If set, use this to specify float field formatting
+      (per the "Format Specification Mini-Language"); otherwise, 8 valid digits
+      is used (default '.8g'). Also affect double field if double_format is
+      not set but float_format is set.
+    double_format: If set, use this to specify double field formatting
+      (per the "Format Specification Mini-Language"); if it is not set but
+      float_format is set, use float_format. Otherwise, use str()
+    use_field_number: If True, print field numbers instead of names.
+    descriptor_pool: A DescriptorPool used to resolve Any types.
+    indent: The initial indent level, in terms of spaces, for pretty print.
+    message_formatter: A function(message, indent, as_one_line): unicode|None
+      to custom format selected sub-messages (usually based on message type).
+      Use to pretty print parts of the protobuf for easier diffing.
+    print_unknown_fields: If True, unknown fields will be printed.
+
+  Returns:
+    A string of the text formatted protocol buffer message.
+  """
+  out = TextWriter(as_utf8)
+  printer = _Printer(out, indent, as_utf8, as_one_line,
+                     use_short_repeated_primitives, pointy_brackets,
+                     use_index_order, float_format, double_format,
+                     use_field_number,
+                     descriptor_pool, message_formatter,
+                     print_unknown_fields=print_unknown_fields)
+  printer.PrintMessage(message)
+  result = out.getvalue()
+  out.close()
+  if as_one_line:
+    return result.rstrip()
+  return result
+
+
+def MessageToBytes(message, **kwargs):
+  # type: (...) -> bytes
+  """Convert protobuf message to encoded text format.  See MessageToString."""
+  text = MessageToString(message, **kwargs)
+  if isinstance(text, bytes):
+    return text
+  codec = 'utf-8' if kwargs.get('as_utf8') else 'ascii'
+  return text.encode(codec)
+
+
+def _IsMapEntry(field):
+  return (field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE and
+          field.message_type.has_options and
+          field.message_type.GetOptions().map_entry)
+
+
+def PrintMessage(message,
+                 out,
+                 indent=0,
+                 as_utf8=False,
+                 as_one_line=False,
+                 use_short_repeated_primitives=False,
+                 pointy_brackets=False,
+                 use_index_order=False,
+                 float_format=None,
+                 double_format=None,
+                 use_field_number=False,
+                 descriptor_pool=None,
+                 message_formatter=None,
+                 print_unknown_fields=False):
+  printer = _Printer(
+      out=out, indent=indent, as_utf8=as_utf8,
+      as_one_line=as_one_line,
+      use_short_repeated_primitives=use_short_repeated_primitives,
+      pointy_brackets=pointy_brackets,
+      use_index_order=use_index_order,
+      float_format=float_format,
+      double_format=double_format,
+      use_field_number=use_field_number,
+      descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool,
+      message_formatter=message_formatter,
+      print_unknown_fields=print_unknown_fields)
+  printer.PrintMessage(message)
+
+
+def PrintField(field,
+               value,
+               out,
+               indent=0,
+               as_utf8=False,
+               as_one_line=False,
+               use_short_repeated_primitives=False,
+               pointy_brackets=False,
+               use_index_order=False,
+               float_format=None,
+               double_format=None,
+               message_formatter=None,
+               print_unknown_fields=False):
+  """Print a single field name/value pair."""
+  printer = _Printer(out, indent, as_utf8, as_one_line,
+                     use_short_repeated_primitives, pointy_brackets,
+                     use_index_order, float_format, double_format,
+                     message_formatter=message_formatter,
+                     print_unknown_fields=print_unknown_fields)
+  printer.PrintField(field, value)
+
+
+def PrintFieldValue(field,
+                    value,
+                    out,
+                    indent=0,
+                    as_utf8=False,
+                    as_one_line=False,
+                    use_short_repeated_primitives=False,
+                    pointy_brackets=False,
+                    use_index_order=False,
+                    float_format=None,
+                    double_format=None,
+                    message_formatter=None,
+                    print_unknown_fields=False):
+  """Print a single field value (not including name)."""
+  printer = _Printer(out, indent, as_utf8, as_one_line,
+                     use_short_repeated_primitives, pointy_brackets,
+                     use_index_order, float_format, double_format,
+                     message_formatter=message_formatter,
+                     print_unknown_fields=print_unknown_fields)
+  printer.PrintFieldValue(field, value)
+
+
+def _BuildMessageFromTypeName(type_name, descriptor_pool):
+  """Returns a protobuf message instance.
+
+  Args:
+    type_name: Fully-qualified protobuf  message type name string.
+    descriptor_pool: DescriptorPool instance.
+
+  Returns:
+    A Message instance of type matching type_name, or None if the a Descriptor
+    wasn't found matching type_name.
+  """
+  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+  if descriptor_pool is None:
+    from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool as pool_mod
+    descriptor_pool = pool_mod.Default()
+  from google.protobuf import symbol_database
+  database = symbol_database.Default()
+  try:
+    message_descriptor = descriptor_pool.FindMessageTypeByName(type_name)
+  except KeyError:
+    return None
+  message_type = database.GetPrototype(message_descriptor)
+  return message_type()
+
+
+# These values must match WireType enum in google/protobuf/wire_format.h.
+WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED = 2
+WIRETYPE_START_GROUP = 3
+
+
+class _Printer(object):
+  """Text format printer for protocol message."""
+
+  def __init__(self,
+               out,
+               indent=0,
+               as_utf8=False,
+               as_one_line=False,
+               use_short_repeated_primitives=False,
+               pointy_brackets=False,
+               use_index_order=False,
+               float_format=None,
+               double_format=None,
+               use_field_number=False,
+               descriptor_pool=None,
+               message_formatter=None,
+               print_unknown_fields=False):
+    """Initialize the Printer.
+
+    Double values can be formatted compactly with 15 digits of precision
+    (which is the most that IEEE 754 "double" can guarantee) using
+    double_format='.15g'. To ensure that converting to text and back to a proto
+    will result in an identical value, double_format='.17g' should be used.
+
+    Args:
+      out: To record the text format result.
+      indent: The initial indent level for pretty print.
+      as_utf8: Return unescaped Unicode for non-ASCII characters.
+          In Python 3 actual Unicode characters may appear as is in strings.
+          In Python 2 the return value will be valid UTF-8 rather than ASCII.
+      as_one_line: Don't introduce newlines between fields.
+      use_short_repeated_primitives: Use short repeated format for primitives.
+      pointy_brackets: If True, use angle brackets instead of curly braces for
+        nesting.
+      use_index_order: If True, print fields of a proto message using the order
+        defined in source code instead of the field number. By default, use the
+        field number order.
+      float_format: If set, use this to specify float field formatting
+        (per the "Format Specification Mini-Language"); otherwise, 8 valid
+        digits is used (default '.8g'). Also affect double field if
+        double_format is not set but float_format is set.
+      double_format: If set, use this to specify double field formatting
+        (per the "Format Specification Mini-Language"); if it is not set but
+        float_format is set, use float_format. Otherwise, str() is used.
+      use_field_number: If True, print field numbers instead of names.
+      descriptor_pool: A DescriptorPool used to resolve Any types.
+      message_formatter: A function(message, indent, as_one_line): unicode|None
+        to custom format selected sub-messages (usually based on message type).
+        Use to pretty print parts of the protobuf for easier diffing.
+      print_unknown_fields: If True, unknown fields will be printed.
+    """
+    self.out = out
+    self.indent = indent
+    self.as_utf8 = as_utf8
+    self.as_one_line = as_one_line
+    self.use_short_repeated_primitives = use_short_repeated_primitives
+    self.pointy_brackets = pointy_brackets
+    self.use_index_order = use_index_order
+    self.float_format = float_format
+    if double_format is not None:
+      self.double_format = double_format
+    else:
+      self.double_format = float_format
+    self.use_field_number = use_field_number
+    self.descriptor_pool = descriptor_pool
+    self.message_formatter = message_formatter
+    self.print_unknown_fields = print_unknown_fields
+
+  def _TryPrintAsAnyMessage(self, message):
+    """Serializes if message is a google.protobuf.Any field."""
+    if '/' not in message.type_url:
+      return False
+    packed_message = _BuildMessageFromTypeName(message.TypeName(),
+                                               self.descriptor_pool)
+    if packed_message:
+      packed_message.MergeFromString(message.value)
+      self.out.write('%s[%s] ' % (self.indent * ' ', message.type_url))
+      self._PrintMessageFieldValue(packed_message)
+      self.out.write(' ' if self.as_one_line else '\n')
+      return True
+    else:
+      return False
+
+  def _TryCustomFormatMessage(self, message):
+    formatted = self.message_formatter(message, self.indent, self.as_one_line)
+    if formatted is None:
+      return False
+
+    out = self.out
+    out.write(' ' * self.indent)
+    out.write(formatted)
+    out.write(' ' if self.as_one_line else '\n')
+    return True
+
+  def PrintMessage(self, message):
+    """Convert protobuf message to text format.
+
+    Args:
+      message: The protocol buffers message.
+    """
+    if self.message_formatter and self._TryCustomFormatMessage(message):
+      return
+    if (message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name == _ANY_FULL_TYPE_NAME and
+        self._TryPrintAsAnyMessage(message)):
+      return
+    fields = message.ListFields()
+    if self.use_index_order:
+      fields.sort(
+          key=lambda x: x[0].number if x[0].is_extension else x[0].index)
+    for field, value in fields:
+      if _IsMapEntry(field):
+        for key in sorted(value):
+          # This is slow for maps with submessage entries because it copies the
+          # entire tree.  Unfortunately this would take significant refactoring
+          # of this file to work around.
+          #
+          # TODO(haberman): refactor and optimize if this becomes an issue.
+          entry_submsg = value.GetEntryClass()(key=key, value=value[key])
+          self.PrintField(field, entry_submsg)
+      elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+        if (self.use_short_repeated_primitives
+            and field.cpp_type != descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
+            and field.cpp_type != descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_STRING):
+          self._PrintShortRepeatedPrimitivesValue(field, value)
+        else:
+          for element in value:
+            self.PrintField(field, element)
+      else:
+        self.PrintField(field, value)
+
+    if self.print_unknown_fields:
+      self._PrintUnknownFields(message.UnknownFields())
+
+  def _PrintUnknownFields(self, unknown_fields):
+    """Print unknown fields."""
+    out = self.out
+    for field in unknown_fields:
+      out.write(' ' * self.indent)
+      out.write(str(field.field_number))
+      if field.wire_type == WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+        if self.as_one_line:
+          out.write(' { ')
+        else:
+          out.write(' {\n')
+          self.indent += 2
+
+        self._PrintUnknownFields(field.data)
+
+        if self.as_one_line:
+          out.write('} ')
+        else:
+          self.indent -= 2
+          out.write(' ' * self.indent + '}\n')
+      elif field.wire_type == WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+        try:
+          # If this field is parseable as a Message, it is probably
+          # an embedded message.
+          # pylint: disable=protected-access
+          (embedded_unknown_message, pos) = decoder._DecodeUnknownFieldSet(
+              memoryview(field.data), 0, len(field.data))
+        except Exception:    # pylint: disable=broad-except
+          pos = 0
+
+        if pos == len(field.data):
+          if self.as_one_line:
+            out.write(' { ')
+          else:
+            out.write(' {\n')
+            self.indent += 2
+
+          self._PrintUnknownFields(embedded_unknown_message)
+
+          if self.as_one_line:
+            out.write('} ')
+          else:
+            self.indent -= 2
+            out.write(' ' * self.indent + '}\n')
+        else:
+          # A string or bytes field. self.as_utf8 may not work.
+          out.write(': \"')
+          out.write(text_encoding.CEscape(field.data, False))
+          out.write('\" ' if self.as_one_line else '\"\n')
+      else:
+        # varint, fixed32, fixed64
+        out.write(': ')
+        out.write(str(field.data))
+        out.write(' ' if self.as_one_line else '\n')
+
+  def _PrintFieldName(self, field):
+    """Print field name."""
+    out = self.out
+    out.write(' ' * self.indent)
+    if self.use_field_number:
+      out.write(str(field.number))
+    else:
+      if field.is_extension:
+        out.write('[')
+        if (field.containing_type.GetOptions().message_set_wire_format and
+            field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE and
+            field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_OPTIONAL):
+          out.write(field.message_type.full_name)
+        else:
+          out.write(field.full_name)
+        out.write(']')
+      elif field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_GROUP:
+        # For groups, use the capitalized name.
+        out.write(field.message_type.name)
+      else:
+        out.write(field.name)
+
+    if field.cpp_type != descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      # The colon is optional in this case, but our cross-language golden files
+      # don't include it.
+      out.write(':')
+
+  def PrintField(self, field, value):
+    """Print a single field name/value pair."""
+    self._PrintFieldName(field)
+    self.out.write(' ')
+    self.PrintFieldValue(field, value)
+    self.out.write(' ' if self.as_one_line else '\n')
+
+  def _PrintShortRepeatedPrimitivesValue(self, field, value):
+    # Note: this is called only when value has at least one element.
+    self._PrintFieldName(field)
+    self.out.write(' [')
+    for i in six.moves.range(len(value) - 1):
+      self.PrintFieldValue(field, value[i])
+      self.out.write(', ')
+    self.PrintFieldValue(field, value[-1])
+    self.out.write(']')
+    self.out.write(' ' if self.as_one_line else '\n')
+
+  def _PrintMessageFieldValue(self, value):
+    if self.pointy_brackets:
+      openb = '<'
+      closeb = '>'
+    else:
+      openb = '{'
+      closeb = '}'
+
+    if self.as_one_line:
+      self.out.write('%s ' % openb)
+      self.PrintMessage(value)
+      self.out.write(closeb)
+    else:
+      self.out.write('%s\n' % openb)
+      self.indent += 2
+      self.PrintMessage(value)
+      self.indent -= 2
+      self.out.write(' ' * self.indent + closeb)
+
+  def PrintFieldValue(self, field, value):
+    """Print a single field value (not including name).
+
+    For repeated fields, the value should be a single element.
+
+    Args:
+      field: The descriptor of the field to be printed.
+      value: The value of the field.
+    """
+    out = self.out
+    if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      self._PrintMessageFieldValue(value)
+    elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      enum_value = field.enum_type.values_by_number.get(value, None)
+      if enum_value is not None:
+        out.write(enum_value.name)
+      else:
+        out.write(str(value))
+    elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      out.write('\"')
+      if isinstance(value, six.text_type) and (six.PY2 or not self.as_utf8):
+        out_value = value.encode('utf-8')
+      else:
+        out_value = value
+      if field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES:
+        # We always need to escape all binary data in TYPE_BYTES fields.
+        out_as_utf8 = False
+      else:
+        out_as_utf8 = self.as_utf8
+      out.write(text_encoding.CEscape(out_value, out_as_utf8))
+      out.write('\"')
+    elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      if value:
+        out.write('true')
+      else:
+        out.write('false')
+    elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      if self.float_format is not None:
+        out.write('{1:{0}}'.format(self.float_format, value))
+      else:
+        out.write(str(float(format(value, '.8g'))))
+    elif (field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_DOUBLE and
+          self.double_format is not None):
+      out.write('{1:{0}}'.format(self.double_format, value))
+    else:
+      out.write(str(value))
+
+
+def Parse(text,
+          message,
+          allow_unknown_extension=False,
+          allow_field_number=False,
+          descriptor_pool=None,
+          allow_unknown_field=False):
+  """Parses a text representation of a protocol message into a message.
+
+  NOTE: for historical reasons this function does not clear the input
+  message. This is different from what the binary msg.ParseFrom(...) does.
+  If text contains a field already set in message, the value is appended if the
+  field is repeated. Otherwise, an error is raised.
+
+  Example
+    a = MyProto()
+    a.repeated_field.append('test')
+    b = MyProto()
+
+    # Repeated fields are combined
+    text_format.Parse(repr(a), b)
+    text_format.Parse(repr(a), b) # repeated_field contains ["test", "test"]
+
+    # Non-repeated fields cannot be overwritten
+    a.singular_field = 1
+    b.singular_field = 2
+    text_format.Parse(repr(a), b) # ParseError
+
+    # Binary version:
+    b.ParseFromString(a.SerializeToString()) # repeated_field is now "test"
+
+  Caller is responsible for clearing the message as needed.
+
+  Args:
+    text: Message text representation.
+    message: A protocol buffer message to merge into.
+    allow_unknown_extension: if True, skip over missing extensions and keep
+      parsing
+    allow_field_number: if True, both field number and field name are allowed.
+    descriptor_pool: A DescriptorPool used to resolve Any types.
+    allow_unknown_field: if True, skip over unknown field and keep
+      parsing. Avoid to use this option if possible. It may hide some
+      errors (e.g. spelling error on field name)
+
+  Returns:
+    The same message passed as argument.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: On text parsing problems.
+  """
+  return ParseLines(text.split(b'\n' if isinstance(text, bytes) else u'\n'),
+                    message,
+                    allow_unknown_extension,
+                    allow_field_number,
+                    descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool,
+                    allow_unknown_field=allow_unknown_field)
+
+
+def Merge(text,
+          message,
+          allow_unknown_extension=False,
+          allow_field_number=False,
+          descriptor_pool=None,
+          allow_unknown_field=False):
+  """Parses a text representation of a protocol message into a message.
+
+  Like Parse(), but allows repeated values for a non-repeated field, and uses
+  the last one. This means any non-repeated, top-level fields specified in text
+  replace those in the message.
+
+  Args:
+    text: Message text representation.
+    message: A protocol buffer message to merge into.
+    allow_unknown_extension: if True, skip over missing extensions and keep
+      parsing
+    allow_field_number: if True, both field number and field name are allowed.
+    descriptor_pool: A DescriptorPool used to resolve Any types.
+    allow_unknown_field: if True, skip over unknown field and keep
+      parsing. Avoid to use this option if possible. It may hide some
+      errors (e.g. spelling error on field name)
+
+  Returns:
+    The same message passed as argument.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: On text parsing problems.
+  """
+  return MergeLines(
+      text.split(b'\n' if isinstance(text, bytes) else u'\n'),
+      message,
+      allow_unknown_extension,
+      allow_field_number,
+      descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool,
+      allow_unknown_field=allow_unknown_field)
+
+
+def ParseLines(lines,
+               message,
+               allow_unknown_extension=False,
+               allow_field_number=False,
+               descriptor_pool=None,
+               allow_unknown_field=False):
+  """Parses a text representation of a protocol message into a message.
+
+  See Parse() for caveats.
+
+  Args:
+    lines: An iterable of lines of a message's text representation.
+    message: A protocol buffer message to merge into.
+    allow_unknown_extension: if True, skip over missing extensions and keep
+      parsing
+    allow_field_number: if True, both field number and field name are allowed.
+    descriptor_pool: A DescriptorPool used to resolve Any types.
+    allow_unknown_field: if True, skip over unknown field and keep
+      parsing. Avoid to use this option if possible. It may hide some
+      errors (e.g. spelling error on field name)
+
+  Returns:
+    The same message passed as argument.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: On text parsing problems.
+  """
+  parser = _Parser(allow_unknown_extension,
+                   allow_field_number,
+                   descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool,
+                   allow_unknown_field=allow_unknown_field)
+  return parser.ParseLines(lines, message)
+
+
+def MergeLines(lines,
+               message,
+               allow_unknown_extension=False,
+               allow_field_number=False,
+               descriptor_pool=None,
+               allow_unknown_field=False):
+  """Parses a text representation of a protocol message into a message.
+
+  See Merge() for more details.
+
+  Args:
+    lines: An iterable of lines of a message's text representation.
+    message: A protocol buffer message to merge into.
+    allow_unknown_extension: if True, skip over missing extensions and keep
+      parsing
+    allow_field_number: if True, both field number and field name are allowed.
+    descriptor_pool: A DescriptorPool used to resolve Any types.
+    allow_unknown_field: if True, skip over unknown field and keep
+      parsing. Avoid to use this option if possible. It may hide some
+      errors (e.g. spelling error on field name)
+
+  Returns:
+    The same message passed as argument.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: On text parsing problems.
+  """
+  parser = _Parser(allow_unknown_extension,
+                   allow_field_number,
+                   descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool,
+                   allow_unknown_field=allow_unknown_field)
+  return parser.MergeLines(lines, message)
+
+
+class _Parser(object):
+  """Text format parser for protocol message."""
+
+  def __init__(self,
+               allow_unknown_extension=False,
+               allow_field_number=False,
+               descriptor_pool=None,
+               allow_unknown_field=False):
+    self.allow_unknown_extension = allow_unknown_extension
+    self.allow_field_number = allow_field_number
+    self.descriptor_pool = descriptor_pool
+    self.allow_unknown_field = allow_unknown_field
+
+  def ParseLines(self, lines, message):
+    """Parses a text representation of a protocol message into a message."""
+    self._allow_multiple_scalars = False
+    self._ParseOrMerge(lines, message)
+    return message
+
+  def MergeLines(self, lines, message):
+    """Merges a text representation of a protocol message into a message."""
+    self._allow_multiple_scalars = True
+    self._ParseOrMerge(lines, message)
+    return message
+
+  def _ParseOrMerge(self, lines, message):
+    """Converts a text representation of a protocol message into a message.
+
+    Args:
+      lines: Lines of a message's text representation.
+      message: A protocol buffer message to merge into.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: On text parsing problems.
+    """
+    # Tokenize expects native str lines.
+    if six.PY2:
+      str_lines = (line if isinstance(line, str) else line.encode('utf-8')
+                   for line in lines)
+    else:
+      str_lines = (line if isinstance(line, str) else line.decode('utf-8')
+                   for line in lines)
+    tokenizer = Tokenizer(str_lines)
+    while not tokenizer.AtEnd():
+      self._MergeField(tokenizer, message)
+
+  def _MergeField(self, tokenizer, message):
+    """Merges a single protocol message field into a message.
+
+    Args:
+      tokenizer: A tokenizer to parse the field name and values.
+      message: A protocol message to record the data.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: In case of text parsing problems.
+    """
+    message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
+    if (message_descriptor.full_name == _ANY_FULL_TYPE_NAME and
+        tokenizer.TryConsume('[')):
+      type_url_prefix, packed_type_name = self._ConsumeAnyTypeUrl(tokenizer)
+      tokenizer.Consume(']')
+      tokenizer.TryConsume(':')
+      if tokenizer.TryConsume('<'):
+        expanded_any_end_token = '>'
+      else:
+        tokenizer.Consume('{')
+        expanded_any_end_token = '}'
+      expanded_any_sub_message = _BuildMessageFromTypeName(packed_type_name,
+                                                           self.descriptor_pool)
+      if not expanded_any_sub_message:
+        raise ParseError('Type %s not found in descriptor pool' %
+                         packed_type_name)
+      while not tokenizer.TryConsume(expanded_any_end_token):
+        if tokenizer.AtEnd():
+          raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken('Expected "%s".' %
+                                                  (expanded_any_end_token,))
+        self._MergeField(tokenizer, expanded_any_sub_message)
+      message.Pack(expanded_any_sub_message,
+                   type_url_prefix=type_url_prefix)
+      return
+
+    if tokenizer.TryConsume('['):
+      name = [tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier()]
+      while tokenizer.TryConsume('.'):
+        name.append(tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier())
+      name = '.'.join(name)
+
+      if not message_descriptor.is_extendable:
+        raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken(
+            'Message type "%s" does not have extensions.' %
+            message_descriptor.full_name)
+      # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      field = message.Extensions._FindExtensionByName(name)
+      # pylint: enable=protected-access
+      if not field:
+        if self.allow_unknown_extension:
+          field = None
+        else:
+          raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken(
+              'Extension "%s" not registered. '
+              'Did you import the _pb2 module which defines it? '
+              'If you are trying to place the extension in the MessageSet '
+              'field of another message that is in an Any or MessageSet field, '
+              'that message\'s _pb2 module must be imported as well' % name)
+      elif message_descriptor != field.containing_type:
+        raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken(
+            'Extension "%s" does not extend message type "%s".' %
+            (name, message_descriptor.full_name))
+
+      tokenizer.Consume(']')
+
+    else:
+      name = tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifierOrNumber()
+      if self.allow_field_number and name.isdigit():
+        number = ParseInteger(name, True, True)
+        field = message_descriptor.fields_by_number.get(number, None)
+        if not field and message_descriptor.is_extendable:
+          field = message.Extensions._FindExtensionByNumber(number)
+      else:
+        field = message_descriptor.fields_by_name.get(name, None)
+
+        # Group names are expected to be capitalized as they appear in the
+        # .proto file, which actually matches their type names, not their field
+        # names.
+        if not field:
+          field = message_descriptor.fields_by_name.get(name.lower(), None)
+          if field and field.type != descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_GROUP:
+            field = None
+
+        if (field and field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_GROUP and
+            field.message_type.name != name):
+          field = None
+
+      if not field and not self.allow_unknown_field:
+        raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken(
+            'Message type "%s" has no field named "%s".' %
+            (message_descriptor.full_name, name))
+
+    if field:
+      if not self._allow_multiple_scalars and field.containing_oneof:
+        # Check if there's a different field set in this oneof.
+        # Note that we ignore the case if the same field was set before, and we
+        # apply _allow_multiple_scalars to non-scalar fields as well.
+        which_oneof = message.WhichOneof(field.containing_oneof.name)
+        if which_oneof is not None and which_oneof != field.name:
+          raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken(
+              'Field "%s" is specified along with field "%s", another member '
+              'of oneof "%s" for message type "%s".' %
+              (field.name, which_oneof, field.containing_oneof.name,
+               message_descriptor.full_name))
+
+      if field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        tokenizer.TryConsume(':')
+        merger = self._MergeMessageField
+      else:
+        tokenizer.Consume(':')
+        merger = self._MergeScalarField
+
+      if (field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED and
+          tokenizer.TryConsume('[')):
+        # Short repeated format, e.g. "foo: [1, 2, 3]"
+        if not tokenizer.TryConsume(']'):
+          while True:
+            merger(tokenizer, message, field)
+            if tokenizer.TryConsume(']'):
+              break
+            tokenizer.Consume(',')
+
+      else:
+        merger(tokenizer, message, field)
+
+    else:  # Proto field is unknown.
+      assert (self.allow_unknown_extension or self.allow_unknown_field)
+      _SkipFieldContents(tokenizer)
+
+    # For historical reasons, fields may optionally be separated by commas or
+    # semicolons.
+    if not tokenizer.TryConsume(','):
+      tokenizer.TryConsume(';')
+
+  def _ConsumeAnyTypeUrl(self, tokenizer):
+    """Consumes a google.protobuf.Any type URL and returns the type name."""
+    # Consume "type.googleapis.com/".
+    prefix = [tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier()]
+    tokenizer.Consume('.')
+    prefix.append(tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier())
+    tokenizer.Consume('.')
+    prefix.append(tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier())
+    tokenizer.Consume('/')
+    # Consume the fully-qualified type name.
+    name = [tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier()]
+    while tokenizer.TryConsume('.'):
+      name.append(tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier())
+    return '.'.join(prefix), '.'.join(name)
+
+  def _MergeMessageField(self, tokenizer, message, field):
+    """Merges a single scalar field into a message.
+
+    Args:
+      tokenizer: A tokenizer to parse the field value.
+      message: The message of which field is a member.
+      field: The descriptor of the field to be merged.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: In case of text parsing problems.
+    """
+    is_map_entry = _IsMapEntry(field)
+
+    if tokenizer.TryConsume('<'):
+      end_token = '>'
+    else:
+      tokenizer.Consume('{')
+      end_token = '}'
+
+    if field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+      if field.is_extension:
+        sub_message = message.Extensions[field].add()
+      elif is_map_entry:
+        sub_message = getattr(message, field.name).GetEntryClass()()
+      else:
+        sub_message = getattr(message, field.name).add()
+    else:
+      if field.is_extension:
+        if (not self._allow_multiple_scalars and
+            message.HasExtension(field)):
+          raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken(
+              'Message type "%s" should not have multiple "%s" extensions.' %
+              (message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, field.full_name))
+        sub_message = message.Extensions[field]
+      else:
+        # Also apply _allow_multiple_scalars to message field.
+        # TODO(jieluo): Change to _allow_singular_overwrites.
+        if (not self._allow_multiple_scalars and
+            message.HasField(field.name)):
+          raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken(
+              'Message type "%s" should not have multiple "%s" fields.' %
+              (message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, field.name))
+        sub_message = getattr(message, field.name)
+      sub_message.SetInParent()
+
+    while not tokenizer.TryConsume(end_token):
+      if tokenizer.AtEnd():
+        raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken('Expected "%s".' % (end_token,))
+      self._MergeField(tokenizer, sub_message)
+
+    if is_map_entry:
+      value_cpptype = field.message_type.fields_by_name['value'].cpp_type
+      if value_cpptype == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        value = getattr(message, field.name)[sub_message.key]
+        value.MergeFrom(sub_message.value)
+      else:
+        getattr(message, field.name)[sub_message.key] = sub_message.value
+
+  @staticmethod
+  def _IsProto3Syntax(message):
+    message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
+    return (hasattr(message_descriptor, 'syntax') and
+            message_descriptor.syntax == 'proto3')
+
+  def _MergeScalarField(self, tokenizer, message, field):
+    """Merges a single scalar field into a message.
+
+    Args:
+      tokenizer: A tokenizer to parse the field value.
+      message: A protocol message to record the data.
+      field: The descriptor of the field to be merged.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: In case of text parsing problems.
+      RuntimeError: On runtime errors.
+    """
+    _ = self.allow_unknown_extension
+    value = None
+
+    if field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT32,
+                      descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT32,
+                      descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED32):
+      value = _ConsumeInt32(tokenizer)
+    elif field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT64,
+                        descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SINT64,
+                        descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_SFIXED64):
+      value = _ConsumeInt64(tokenizer)
+    elif field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT32,
+                        descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED32):
+      value = _ConsumeUint32(tokenizer)
+    elif field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_UINT64,
+                        descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FIXED64):
+      value = _ConsumeUint64(tokenizer)
+    elif field.type in (descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_FLOAT,
+                        descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_DOUBLE):
+      value = tokenizer.ConsumeFloat()
+    elif field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BOOL:
+      value = tokenizer.ConsumeBool()
+    elif field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_STRING:
+      value = tokenizer.ConsumeString()
+    elif field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_BYTES:
+      value = tokenizer.ConsumeByteString()
+    elif field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_ENUM:
+      value = tokenizer.ConsumeEnum(field)
+    else:
+      raise RuntimeError('Unknown field type %d' % field.type)
+
+    if field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
+      if field.is_extension:
+        message.Extensions[field].append(value)
+      else:
+        getattr(message, field.name).append(value)
+    else:
+      if field.is_extension:
+        if (not self._allow_multiple_scalars and
+            not self._IsProto3Syntax(message) and
+            message.HasExtension(field)):
+          raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken(
+              'Message type "%s" should not have multiple "%s" extensions.' %
+              (message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, field.full_name))
+        else:
+          message.Extensions[field] = value
+      else:
+        duplicate_error = False
+        if not self._allow_multiple_scalars:
+          if self._IsProto3Syntax(message):
+            # Proto3 doesn't represent presence so we try best effort to check
+            # multiple scalars by compare to default values.
+            duplicate_error = bool(getattr(message, field.name))
+          else:
+            duplicate_error = message.HasField(field.name)
+
+        if duplicate_error:
+          raise tokenizer.ParseErrorPreviousToken(
+              'Message type "%s" should not have multiple "%s" fields.' %
+              (message.DESCRIPTOR.full_name, field.name))
+        else:
+          setattr(message, field.name, value)
+
+
+def _SkipFieldContents(tokenizer):
+  """Skips over contents (value or message) of a field.
+
+  Args:
+    tokenizer: A tokenizer to parse the field name and values.
+  """
+  # Try to guess the type of this field.
+  # If this field is not a message, there should be a ":" between the
+  # field name and the field value and also the field value should not
+  # start with "{" or "<" which indicates the beginning of a message body.
+  # If there is no ":" or there is a "{" or "<" after ":", this field has
+  # to be a message or the input is ill-formed.
+  if tokenizer.TryConsume(':') and not tokenizer.LookingAt(
+      '{') and not tokenizer.LookingAt('<'):
+    _SkipFieldValue(tokenizer)
+  else:
+    _SkipFieldMessage(tokenizer)
+
+
+def _SkipField(tokenizer):
+  """Skips over a complete field (name and value/message).
+
+  Args:
+    tokenizer: A tokenizer to parse the field name and values.
+  """
+  if tokenizer.TryConsume('['):
+    # Consume extension name.
+    tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier()
+    while tokenizer.TryConsume('.'):
+      tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier()
+    tokenizer.Consume(']')
+  else:
+    tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifierOrNumber()
+
+  _SkipFieldContents(tokenizer)
+
+  # For historical reasons, fields may optionally be separated by commas or
+  # semicolons.
+  if not tokenizer.TryConsume(','):
+    tokenizer.TryConsume(';')
+
+
+def _SkipFieldMessage(tokenizer):
+  """Skips over a field message.
+
+  Args:
+    tokenizer: A tokenizer to parse the field name and values.
+  """
+
+  if tokenizer.TryConsume('<'):
+    delimiter = '>'
+  else:
+    tokenizer.Consume('{')
+    delimiter = '}'
+
+  while not tokenizer.LookingAt('>') and not tokenizer.LookingAt('}'):
+    _SkipField(tokenizer)
+
+  tokenizer.Consume(delimiter)
+
+
+def _SkipFieldValue(tokenizer):
+  """Skips over a field value.
+
+  Args:
+    tokenizer: A tokenizer to parse the field name and values.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: In case an invalid field value is found.
+  """
+  # String/bytes tokens can come in multiple adjacent string literals.
+  # If we can consume one, consume as many as we can.
+  if tokenizer.TryConsumeByteString():
+    while tokenizer.TryConsumeByteString():
+      pass
+    return
+
+  if (not tokenizer.TryConsumeIdentifier() and
+      not _TryConsumeInt64(tokenizer) and not _TryConsumeUint64(tokenizer) and
+      not tokenizer.TryConsumeFloat()):
+    raise ParseError('Invalid field value: ' + tokenizer.token)
+
+
+class Tokenizer(object):
+  """Protocol buffer text representation tokenizer.
+
+  This class handles the lower level string parsing by splitting it into
+  meaningful tokens.
+
+  It was directly ported from the Java protocol buffer API.
+  """
+
+  _WHITESPACE = re.compile(r'\s+')
+  _COMMENT = re.compile(r'(\s*#.*$)', re.MULTILINE)
+  _WHITESPACE_OR_COMMENT = re.compile(r'(\s|(#.*$))+', re.MULTILINE)
+  _TOKEN = re.compile('|'.join([
+      r'[a-zA-Z_][0-9a-zA-Z_+-]*',  # an identifier
+      r'([0-9+-]|(\.[0-9]))[0-9a-zA-Z_.+-]*',  # a number
+  ] + [  # quoted str for each quote mark
+      # Avoid backtracking! https://stackoverflow.com/a/844267
+      r'{qt}[^{qt}\n\\]*((\\.)+[^{qt}\n\\]*)*({qt}|\\?$)'.format(qt=mark)
+      for mark in _QUOTES
+  ]))
+
+  _IDENTIFIER = re.compile(r'[^\d\W]\w*')
+  _IDENTIFIER_OR_NUMBER = re.compile(r'\w+')
+
+  def __init__(self, lines, skip_comments=True):
+    self._position = 0
+    self._line = -1
+    self._column = 0
+    self._token_start = None
+    self.token = ''
+    self._lines = iter(lines)
+    self._current_line = ''
+    self._previous_line = 0
+    self._previous_column = 0
+    self._more_lines = True
+    self._skip_comments = skip_comments
+    self._whitespace_pattern = (skip_comments and self._WHITESPACE_OR_COMMENT
+                                or self._WHITESPACE)
+    self._SkipWhitespace()
+    self.NextToken()
+
+  def LookingAt(self, token):
+    return self.token == token
+
+  def AtEnd(self):
+    """Checks the end of the text was reached.
+
+    Returns:
+      True iff the end was reached.
+    """
+    return not self.token
+
+  def _PopLine(self):
+    while len(self._current_line) <= self._column:
+      try:
+        self._current_line = next(self._lines)
+      except StopIteration:
+        self._current_line = ''
+        self._more_lines = False
+        return
+      else:
+        self._line += 1
+        self._column = 0
+
+  def _SkipWhitespace(self):
+    while True:
+      self._PopLine()
+      match = self._whitespace_pattern.match(self._current_line, self._column)
+      if not match:
+        break
+      length = len(match.group(0))
+      self._column += length
+
+  def TryConsume(self, token):
+    """Tries to consume a given piece of text.
+
+    Args:
+      token: Text to consume.
+
+    Returns:
+      True iff the text was consumed.
+    """
+    if self.token == token:
+      self.NextToken()
+      return True
+    return False
+
+  def Consume(self, token):
+    """Consumes a piece of text.
+
+    Args:
+      token: Text to consume.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: If the text couldn't be consumed.
+    """
+    if not self.TryConsume(token):
+      raise self.ParseError('Expected "%s".' % token)
+
+  def ConsumeComment(self):
+    result = self.token
+    if not self._COMMENT.match(result):
+      raise self.ParseError('Expected comment.')
+    self.NextToken()
+    return result
+
+  def ConsumeCommentOrTrailingComment(self):
+    """Consumes a comment, returns a 2-tuple (trailing bool, comment str)."""
+
+    # Tokenizer initializes _previous_line and _previous_column to 0. As the
+    # tokenizer starts, it looks like there is a previous token on the line.
+    just_started = self._line == 0 and self._column == 0
+
+    before_parsing = self._previous_line
+    comment = self.ConsumeComment()
+
+    # A trailing comment is a comment on the same line than the previous token.
+    trailing = (self._previous_line == before_parsing
+                and not just_started)
+
+    return trailing, comment
+
+  def TryConsumeIdentifier(self):
+    try:
+      self.ConsumeIdentifier()
+      return True
+    except ParseError:
+      return False
+
+  def ConsumeIdentifier(self):
+    """Consumes protocol message field identifier.
+
+    Returns:
+      Identifier string.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: If an identifier couldn't be consumed.
+    """
+    result = self.token
+    if not self._IDENTIFIER.match(result):
+      raise self.ParseError('Expected identifier.')
+    self.NextToken()
+    return result
+
+  def TryConsumeIdentifierOrNumber(self):
+    try:
+      self.ConsumeIdentifierOrNumber()
+      return True
+    except ParseError:
+      return False
+
+  def ConsumeIdentifierOrNumber(self):
+    """Consumes protocol message field identifier.
+
+    Returns:
+      Identifier string.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: If an identifier couldn't be consumed.
+    """
+    result = self.token
+    if not self._IDENTIFIER_OR_NUMBER.match(result):
+      raise self.ParseError('Expected identifier or number, got %s.' % result)
+    self.NextToken()
+    return result
+
+  def TryConsumeInteger(self):
+    try:
+      # Note: is_long only affects value type, not whether an error is raised.
+      self.ConsumeInteger()
+      return True
+    except ParseError:
+      return False
+
+  def ConsumeInteger(self, is_long=False):
+    """Consumes an integer number.
+
+    Args:
+      is_long: True if the value should be returned as a long integer.
+    Returns:
+      The integer parsed.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: If an integer couldn't be consumed.
+    """
+    try:
+      result = _ParseAbstractInteger(self.token, is_long=is_long)
+    except ValueError as e:
+      raise self.ParseError(str(e))
+    self.NextToken()
+    return result
+
+  def TryConsumeFloat(self):
+    try:
+      self.ConsumeFloat()
+      return True
+    except ParseError:
+      return False
+
+  def ConsumeFloat(self):
+    """Consumes an floating point number.
+
+    Returns:
+      The number parsed.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: If a floating point number couldn't be consumed.
+    """
+    try:
+      result = ParseFloat(self.token)
+    except ValueError as e:
+      raise self.ParseError(str(e))
+    self.NextToken()
+    return result
+
+  def ConsumeBool(self):
+    """Consumes a boolean value.
+
+    Returns:
+      The bool parsed.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: If a boolean value couldn't be consumed.
+    """
+    try:
+      result = ParseBool(self.token)
+    except ValueError as e:
+      raise self.ParseError(str(e))
+    self.NextToken()
+    return result
+
+  def TryConsumeByteString(self):
+    try:
+      self.ConsumeByteString()
+      return True
+    except ParseError:
+      return False
+
+  def ConsumeString(self):
+    """Consumes a string value.
+
+    Returns:
+      The string parsed.
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: If a string value couldn't be consumed.
+    """
+    the_bytes = self.ConsumeByteString()
+    try:
+      return six.text_type(the_bytes, 'utf-8')
+    except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+      raise self._StringParseError(e)
+
+  def ConsumeByteString(self):
+    """Consumes a byte array value.
+
+    Returns:
+      The array parsed (as a string).
+
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: If a byte array value couldn't be consumed.
+    """
+    the_list = [self._ConsumeSingleByteString()]
+    while self.token and self.token[0] in _QUOTES:
+      the_list.append(self._ConsumeSingleByteString())
+    return b''.join(the_list)
+
+  def _ConsumeSingleByteString(self):
+    """Consume one token of a string literal.
+
+    String literals (whether bytes or text) can come in multiple adjacent
+    tokens which are automatically concatenated, like in C or Python.  This
+    method only consumes one token.
+
+    Returns:
+      The token parsed.
+    Raises:
+      ParseError: When the wrong format data is found.
+    """
+    text = self.token
+    if len(text) < 1 or text[0] not in _QUOTES:
+      raise self.ParseError('Expected string but found: %r' % (text,))
+
+    if len(text) < 2 or text[-1] != text[0]:
+      raise self.ParseError('String missing ending quote: %r' % (text,))
+
+    try:
+      result = text_encoding.CUnescape(text[1:-1])
+    except ValueError as e:
+      raise self.ParseError(str(e))
+    self.NextToken()
+    return result
+
+  def ConsumeEnum(self, field):
+    try:
+      result = ParseEnum(field, self.token)
+    except ValueError as e:
+      raise self.ParseError(str(e))
+    self.NextToken()
+    return result
+
+  def ParseErrorPreviousToken(self, message):
+    """Creates and *returns* a ParseError for the previously read token.
+
+    Args:
+      message: A message to set for the exception.
+
+    Returns:
+      A ParseError instance.
+    """
+    return ParseError(message, self._previous_line + 1,
+                      self._previous_column + 1)
+
+  def ParseError(self, message):
+    """Creates and *returns* a ParseError for the current token."""
+    return ParseError('\'' + self._current_line + '\': ' + message,
+                      self._line + 1, self._column + 1)
+
+  def _StringParseError(self, e):
+    return self.ParseError('Couldn\'t parse string: ' + str(e))
+
+  def NextToken(self):
+    """Reads the next meaningful token."""
+    self._previous_line = self._line
+    self._previous_column = self._column
+
+    self._column += len(self.token)
+    self._SkipWhitespace()
+
+    if not self._more_lines:
+      self.token = ''
+      return
+
+    match = self._TOKEN.match(self._current_line, self._column)
+    if not match and not self._skip_comments:
+      match = self._COMMENT.match(self._current_line, self._column)
+    if match:
+      token = match.group(0)
+      self.token = token
+    else:
+      self.token = self._current_line[self._column]
+
+# Aliased so it can still be accessed by current visibility violators.
+# TODO(dbarnett): Migrate violators to textformat_tokenizer.
+_Tokenizer = Tokenizer  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+
+
+def _ConsumeInt32(tokenizer):
+  """Consumes a signed 32bit integer number from tokenizer.
+
+  Args:
+    tokenizer: A tokenizer used to parse the number.
+
+  Returns:
+    The integer parsed.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: If a signed 32bit integer couldn't be consumed.
+  """
+  return _ConsumeInteger(tokenizer, is_signed=True, is_long=False)
+
+
+def _ConsumeUint32(tokenizer):
+  """Consumes an unsigned 32bit integer number from tokenizer.
+
+  Args:
+    tokenizer: A tokenizer used to parse the number.
+
+  Returns:
+    The integer parsed.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: If an unsigned 32bit integer couldn't be consumed.
+  """
+  return _ConsumeInteger(tokenizer, is_signed=False, is_long=False)
+
+
+def _TryConsumeInt64(tokenizer):
+  try:
+    _ConsumeInt64(tokenizer)
+    return True
+  except ParseError:
+    return False
+
+
+def _ConsumeInt64(tokenizer):
+  """Consumes a signed 32bit integer number from tokenizer.
+
+  Args:
+    tokenizer: A tokenizer used to parse the number.
+
+  Returns:
+    The integer parsed.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: If a signed 32bit integer couldn't be consumed.
+  """
+  return _ConsumeInteger(tokenizer, is_signed=True, is_long=True)
+
+
+def _TryConsumeUint64(tokenizer):
+  try:
+    _ConsumeUint64(tokenizer)
+    return True
+  except ParseError:
+    return False
+
+
+def _ConsumeUint64(tokenizer):
+  """Consumes an unsigned 64bit integer number from tokenizer.
+
+  Args:
+    tokenizer: A tokenizer used to parse the number.
+
+  Returns:
+    The integer parsed.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: If an unsigned 64bit integer couldn't be consumed.
+  """
+  return _ConsumeInteger(tokenizer, is_signed=False, is_long=True)
+
+
+def _TryConsumeInteger(tokenizer, is_signed=False, is_long=False):
+  try:
+    _ConsumeInteger(tokenizer, is_signed=is_signed, is_long=is_long)
+    return True
+  except ParseError:
+    return False
+
+
+def _ConsumeInteger(tokenizer, is_signed=False, is_long=False):
+  """Consumes an integer number from tokenizer.
+
+  Args:
+    tokenizer: A tokenizer used to parse the number.
+    is_signed: True if a signed integer must be parsed.
+    is_long: True if a long integer must be parsed.
+
+  Returns:
+    The integer parsed.
+
+  Raises:
+    ParseError: If an integer with given characteristics couldn't be consumed.
+  """
+  try:
+    result = ParseInteger(tokenizer.token, is_signed=is_signed, is_long=is_long)
+  except ValueError as e:
+    raise tokenizer.ParseError(str(e))
+  tokenizer.NextToken()
+  return result
+
+
+def ParseInteger(text, is_signed=False, is_long=False):
+  """Parses an integer.
+
+  Args:
+    text: The text to parse.
+    is_signed: True if a signed integer must be parsed.
+    is_long: True if a long integer must be parsed.
+
+  Returns:
+    The integer value.
+
+  Raises:
+    ValueError: Thrown Iff the text is not a valid integer.
+  """
+  # Do the actual parsing. Exception handling is propagated to caller.
+  result = _ParseAbstractInteger(text, is_long=is_long)
+
+  # Check if the integer is sane. Exceptions handled by callers.
+  checker = _INTEGER_CHECKERS[2 * int(is_long) + int(is_signed)]
+  checker.CheckValue(result)
+  return result
+
+
+def _ParseAbstractInteger(text, is_long=False):
+  """Parses an integer without checking size/signedness.
+
+  Args:
+    text: The text to parse.
+    is_long: True if the value should be returned as a long integer.
+
+  Returns:
+    The integer value.
+
+  Raises:
+    ValueError: Thrown Iff the text is not a valid integer.
+  """
+  # Do the actual parsing. Exception handling is propagated to caller.
+  orig_text = text
+  c_octal_match = re.match(r'(-?)0(\d+)$', text)
+  if c_octal_match:
+    # Python 3 no longer supports 0755 octal syntax without the 'o', so
+    # we always use the '0o' prefix for multi-digit numbers starting with 0.
+    text = c_octal_match.group(1) + '0o' + c_octal_match.group(2)
+  try:
+    # We force 32-bit values to int and 64-bit values to long to make
+    # alternate implementations where the distinction is more significant
+    # (e.g. the C++ implementation) simpler.
+    if is_long:
+      return long(text, 0)
+    else:
+      return int(text, 0)
+  except ValueError:
+    raise ValueError('Couldn\'t parse integer: %s' % orig_text)
+
+
+def ParseFloat(text):
+  """Parse a floating point number.
+
+  Args:
+    text: Text to parse.
+
+  Returns:
+    The number parsed.
+
+  Raises:
+    ValueError: If a floating point number couldn't be parsed.
+  """
+  try:
+    # Assume Python compatible syntax.
+    return float(text)
+  except ValueError:
+    # Check alternative spellings.
+    if _FLOAT_INFINITY.match(text):
+      if text[0] == '-':
+        return float('-inf')
+      else:
+        return float('inf')
+    elif _FLOAT_NAN.match(text):
+      return float('nan')
+    else:
+      # assume '1.0f' format
+      try:
+        return float(text.rstrip('f'))
+      except ValueError:
+        raise ValueError('Couldn\'t parse float: %s' % text)
+
+
+def ParseBool(text):
+  """Parse a boolean value.
+
+  Args:
+    text: Text to parse.
+
+  Returns:
+    Boolean values parsed
+
+  Raises:
+    ValueError: If text is not a valid boolean.
+  """
+  if text in ('true', 't', '1', 'True'):
+    return True
+  elif text in ('false', 'f', '0', 'False'):
+    return False
+  else:
+    raise ValueError('Expected "true" or "false".')
+
+
+def ParseEnum(field, value):
+  """Parse an enum value.
+
+  The value can be specified by a number (the enum value), or by
+  a string literal (the enum name).
+
+  Args:
+    field: Enum field descriptor.
+    value: String value.
+
+  Returns:
+    Enum value number.
+
+  Raises:
+    ValueError: If the enum value could not be parsed.
+  """
+  enum_descriptor = field.enum_type
+  try:
+    number = int(value, 0)
+  except ValueError:
+    # Identifier.
+    enum_value = enum_descriptor.values_by_name.get(value, None)
+    if enum_value is None:
+      raise ValueError('Enum type "%s" has no value named %s.' %
+                       (enum_descriptor.full_name, value))
+  else:
+    # Numeric value.
+    if hasattr(field.file, 'syntax'):
+      # Attribute is checked for compatibility.
+      if field.file.syntax == 'proto3':
+        # Proto3 accept numeric unknown enums.
+        return number
+    enum_value = enum_descriptor.values_by_number.get(number, None)
+    if enum_value is None:
+      raise ValueError('Enum type "%s" has no value with number %d.' %
+                       (enum_descriptor.full_name, number))
+  return enum_value.number
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/util/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/google/protobuf/util/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/mox.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/mox.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..43db02191
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/mox.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1401 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python2.4
+#
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# This file is used for testing.  The original is at:
+#   http://code.google.com/p/pymox/
+
+"""Mox, an object-mocking framework for Python.
+
+Mox works in the record-replay-verify paradigm.  When you first create
+a mock object, it is in record mode.  You then programmatically set
+the expected behavior of the mock object (what methods are to be
+called on it, with what parameters, what they should return, and in
+what order).
+
+Once you have set up the expected mock behavior, you put it in replay
+mode.  Now the mock responds to method calls just as you told it to.
+If an unexpected method (or an expected method with unexpected
+parameters) is called, then an exception will be raised.
+
+Once you are done interacting with the mock, you need to verify that
+all the expected interactions occurred.  (Maybe your code exited
+prematurely without calling some cleanup method!)  The verify phase
+ensures that every expected method was called; otherwise, an exception
+will be raised.
+
+Suggested usage / workflow:
+
+  # Create Mox factory
+  my_mox = Mox()
+
+  # Create a mock data access object
+  mock_dao = my_mox.CreateMock(DAOClass)
+
+  # Set up expected behavior
+  mock_dao.RetrievePersonWithIdentifier('1').AndReturn(person)
+  mock_dao.DeletePerson(person)
+
+  # Put mocks in replay mode
+  my_mox.ReplayAll()
+
+  # Inject mock object and run test
+  controller.SetDao(mock_dao)
+  controller.DeletePersonById('1')
+
+  # Verify all methods were called as expected
+  my_mox.VerifyAll()
+"""
+
+from collections import deque
+import re
+import types
+import unittest
+
+import stubout
+
+class Error(AssertionError):
+  """Base exception for this module."""
+
+  pass
+
+
+class ExpectedMethodCallsError(Error):
+  """Raised when Verify() is called before all expected methods have been called
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, expected_methods):
+    """Init exception.
+
+    Args:
+      # expected_methods: A sequence of MockMethod objects that should have been
+      #   called.
+      expected_methods: [MockMethod]
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: if expected_methods contains no methods.
+    """
+
+    if not expected_methods:
+      raise ValueError("There must be at least one expected method")
+    Error.__init__(self)
+    self._expected_methods = expected_methods
+
+  def __str__(self):
+    calls = "\n".join(["%3d.  %s" % (i, m)
+                       for i, m in enumerate(self._expected_methods)])
+    return "Verify: Expected methods never called:\n%s" % (calls,)
+
+
+class UnexpectedMethodCallError(Error):
+  """Raised when an unexpected method is called.
+
+  This can occur if a method is called with incorrect parameters, or out of the
+  specified order.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, unexpected_method, expected):
+    """Init exception.
+
+    Args:
+      # unexpected_method: MockMethod that was called but was not at the head of
+      #   the expected_method queue.
+      # expected: MockMethod or UnorderedGroup the method should have
+      #   been in.
+      unexpected_method: MockMethod
+      expected: MockMethod or UnorderedGroup
+    """
+
+    Error.__init__(self)
+    self._unexpected_method = unexpected_method
+    self._expected = expected
+
+  def __str__(self):
+    return "Unexpected method call: %s.  Expecting: %s" % \
+      (self._unexpected_method, self._expected)
+
+
+class UnknownMethodCallError(Error):
+  """Raised if an unknown method is requested of the mock object."""
+
+  def __init__(self, unknown_method_name):
+    """Init exception.
+
+    Args:
+      # unknown_method_name: Method call that is not part of the mocked class's
+      #   public interface.
+      unknown_method_name: str
+    """
+
+    Error.__init__(self)
+    self._unknown_method_name = unknown_method_name
+
+  def __str__(self):
+    return "Method called is not a member of the object: %s" % \
+      self._unknown_method_name
+
+
+class Mox(object):
+  """Mox: a factory for creating mock objects."""
+
+  # A list of types that should be stubbed out with MockObjects (as
+  # opposed to MockAnythings).
+  _USE_MOCK_OBJECT = [types.ClassType, types.InstanceType, types.ModuleType,
+                      types.ObjectType, types.TypeType]
+
+  def __init__(self):
+    """Initialize a new Mox."""
+
+    self._mock_objects = []
+    self.stubs = stubout.StubOutForTesting()
+
+  def CreateMock(self, class_to_mock):
+    """Create a new mock object.
+
+    Args:
+      # class_to_mock: the class to be mocked
+      class_to_mock: class
+
+    Returns:
+      MockObject that can be used as the class_to_mock would be.
+    """
+
+    new_mock = MockObject(class_to_mock)
+    self._mock_objects.append(new_mock)
+    return new_mock
+
+  def CreateMockAnything(self):
+    """Create a mock that will accept any method calls.
+
+    This does not enforce an interface.
+    """
+
+    new_mock = MockAnything()
+    self._mock_objects.append(new_mock)
+    return new_mock
+
+  def ReplayAll(self):
+    """Set all mock objects to replay mode."""
+
+    for mock_obj in self._mock_objects:
+      mock_obj._Replay()
+
+
+  def VerifyAll(self):
+    """Call verify on all mock objects created."""
+
+    for mock_obj in self._mock_objects:
+      mock_obj._Verify()
+
+  def ResetAll(self):
+    """Call reset on all mock objects.  This does not unset stubs."""
+
+    for mock_obj in self._mock_objects:
+      mock_obj._Reset()
+
+  def StubOutWithMock(self, obj, attr_name, use_mock_anything=False):
+    """Replace a method, attribute, etc. with a Mock.
+
+    This will replace a class or module with a MockObject, and everything else
+    (method, function, etc) with a MockAnything.  This can be overridden to
+    always use a MockAnything by setting use_mock_anything to True.
+
+    Args:
+      obj: A Python object (class, module, instance, callable).
+      attr_name: str.  The name of the attribute to replace with a mock.
+      use_mock_anything: bool. True if a MockAnything should be used regardless
+        of the type of attribute.
+    """
+
+    attr_to_replace = getattr(obj, attr_name)
+    if type(attr_to_replace) in self._USE_MOCK_OBJECT and not use_mock_anything:
+      stub = self.CreateMock(attr_to_replace)
+    else:
+      stub = self.CreateMockAnything()
+
+    self.stubs.Set(obj, attr_name, stub)
+
+  def UnsetStubs(self):
+    """Restore stubs to their original state."""
+
+    self.stubs.UnsetAll()
+
+def Replay(*args):
+  """Put mocks into Replay mode.
+
+  Args:
+    # args is any number of mocks to put into replay mode.
+  """
+
+  for mock in args:
+    mock._Replay()
+
+
+def Verify(*args):
+  """Verify mocks.
+
+  Args:
+    # args is any number of mocks to be verified.
+  """
+
+  for mock in args:
+    mock._Verify()
+
+
+def Reset(*args):
+  """Reset mocks.
+
+  Args:
+    # args is any number of mocks to be reset.
+  """
+
+  for mock in args:
+    mock._Reset()
+
+
+class MockAnything:
+  """A mock that can be used to mock anything.
+
+  This is helpful for mocking classes that do not provide a public interface.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self):
+    """ """
+    self._Reset()
+
+  def __getattr__(self, method_name):
+    """Intercept method calls on this object.
+
+     A new MockMethod is returned that is aware of the MockAnything's
+     state (record or replay).  The call will be recorded or replayed
+     by the MockMethod's __call__.
+
+    Args:
+      # method name: the name of the method being called.
+      method_name: str
+
+    Returns:
+      A new MockMethod aware of MockAnything's state (record or replay).
+    """
+
+    return self._CreateMockMethod(method_name)
+
+  def _CreateMockMethod(self, method_name):
+    """Create a new mock method call and return it.
+
+    Args:
+      # method name: the name of the method being called.
+      method_name: str
+
+    Returns:
+      A new MockMethod aware of MockAnything's state (record or replay).
+    """
+
+    return MockMethod(method_name, self._expected_calls_queue,
+                      self._replay_mode)
+
+  def __nonzero__(self):
+    """Return 1 for nonzero so the mock can be used as a conditional."""
+
+    return 1
+
+  def __eq__(self, rhs):
+    """Provide custom logic to compare objects."""
+
+    return (isinstance(rhs, MockAnything) and
+            self._replay_mode == rhs._replay_mode and
+            self._expected_calls_queue == rhs._expected_calls_queue)
+
+  def __ne__(self, rhs):
+    """Provide custom logic to compare objects."""
+
+    return not self == rhs
+
+  def _Replay(self):
+    """Start replaying expected method calls."""
+
+    self._replay_mode = True
+
+  def _Verify(self):
+    """Verify that all of the expected calls have been made.
+
+    Raises:
+      ExpectedMethodCallsError: if there are still more method calls in the
+        expected queue.
+    """
+
+    # If the list of expected calls is not empty, raise an exception
+    if self._expected_calls_queue:
+      # The last MultipleTimesGroup is not popped from the queue.
+      if (len(self._expected_calls_queue) == 1 and
+          isinstance(self._expected_calls_queue[0], MultipleTimesGroup) and
+          self._expected_calls_queue[0].IsSatisfied()):
+        pass
+      else:
+        raise ExpectedMethodCallsError(self._expected_calls_queue)
+
+  def _Reset(self):
+    """Reset the state of this mock to record mode with an empty queue."""
+
+    # Maintain a list of method calls we are expecting
+    self._expected_calls_queue = deque()
+
+    # Make sure we are in setup mode, not replay mode
+    self._replay_mode = False
+
+
+class MockObject(MockAnything, object):
+  """A mock object that simulates the public/protected interface of a class."""
+
+  def __init__(self, class_to_mock):
+    """Initialize a mock object.
+
+    This determines the methods and properties of the class and stores them.
+
+    Args:
+      # class_to_mock: class to be mocked
+      class_to_mock: class
+    """
+
+    # This is used to hack around the mixin/inheritance of MockAnything, which
+    # is not a proper object (it can be anything. :-)
+    MockAnything.__dict__['__init__'](self)
+
+    # Get a list of all the public and special methods we should mock.
+    self._known_methods = set()
+    self._known_vars = set()
+    self._class_to_mock = class_to_mock
+    for method in dir(class_to_mock):
+      if callable(getattr(class_to_mock, method)):
+        self._known_methods.add(method)
+      else:
+        self._known_vars.add(method)
+
+  def __getattr__(self, name):
+    """Intercept attribute request on this object.
+
+    If the attribute is a public class variable, it will be returned and not
+    recorded as a call.
+
+    If the attribute is not a variable, it is handled like a method
+    call. The method name is checked against the set of mockable
+    methods, and a new MockMethod is returned that is aware of the
+    MockObject's state (record or replay).  The call will be recorded
+    or replayed by the MockMethod's __call__.
+
+    Args:
+      # name: the name of the attribute being requested.
+      name: str
+
+    Returns:
+      Either a class variable or a new MockMethod that is aware of the state
+      of the mock (record or replay).
+
+    Raises:
+      UnknownMethodCallError if the MockObject does not mock the requested
+          method.
+    """
+
+    if name in self._known_vars:
+      return getattr(self._class_to_mock, name)
+
+    if name in self._known_methods:
+      return self._CreateMockMethod(name)
+
+    raise UnknownMethodCallError(name)
+
+  def __eq__(self, rhs):
+    """Provide custom logic to compare objects."""
+
+    return (isinstance(rhs, MockObject) and
+            self._class_to_mock == rhs._class_to_mock and
+            self._replay_mode == rhs._replay_mode and
+            self._expected_calls_queue == rhs._expected_calls_queue)
+
+  def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+    """Provide custom logic for mocking classes that support item assignment.
+
+    Args:
+      key: Key to set the value for.
+      value: Value to set.
+
+    Returns:
+      Expected return value in replay mode.  A MockMethod object for the
+      __setitem__ method that has already been called if not in replay mode.
+
+    Raises:
+      TypeError if the underlying class does not support item assignment.
+      UnexpectedMethodCallError if the object does not expect the call to
+        __setitem__.
+
+    """
+    setitem = self._class_to_mock.__dict__.get('__setitem__', None)
+
+    # Verify the class supports item assignment.
+    if setitem is None:
+      raise TypeError('object does not support item assignment')
+
+    # If we are in replay mode then simply call the mock __setitem__ method.
+    if self._replay_mode:
+      return MockMethod('__setitem__', self._expected_calls_queue,
+                        self._replay_mode)(key, value)
+
+
+    # Otherwise, create a mock method __setitem__.
+    return self._CreateMockMethod('__setitem__')(key, value)
+
+  def __getitem__(self, key):
+    """Provide custom logic for mocking classes that are subscriptable.
+
+    Args:
+      key: Key to return the value for.
+
+    Returns:
+      Expected return value in replay mode.  A MockMethod object for the
+      __getitem__ method that has already been called if not in replay mode.
+
+    Raises:
+      TypeError if the underlying class is not subscriptable.
+      UnexpectedMethodCallError if the object does not expect the call to
+        __setitem__.
+
+    """
+    getitem = self._class_to_mock.__dict__.get('__getitem__', None)
+
+    # Verify the class supports item assignment.
+    if getitem is None:
+      raise TypeError('unsubscriptable object')
+
+    # If we are in replay mode then simply call the mock __getitem__ method.
+    if self._replay_mode:
+      return MockMethod('__getitem__', self._expected_calls_queue,
+                        self._replay_mode)(key)
+
+
+    # Otherwise, create a mock method __getitem__.
+    return self._CreateMockMethod('__getitem__')(key)
+
+  def __call__(self, *params, **named_params):
+    """Provide custom logic for mocking classes that are callable."""
+
+    # Verify the class we are mocking is callable
+    callable = self._class_to_mock.__dict__.get('__call__', None)
+    if callable is None:
+      raise TypeError('Not callable')
+
+    # Because the call is happening directly on this object instead of a method,
+    # the call on the mock method is made right here
+    mock_method = self._CreateMockMethod('__call__')
+    return mock_method(*params, **named_params)
+
+  @property
+  def __class__(self):
+    """Return the class that is being mocked."""
+
+    return self._class_to_mock
+
+
+class MockMethod(object):
+  """Callable mock method.
+
+  A MockMethod should act exactly like the method it mocks, accepting parameters
+  and returning a value, or throwing an exception (as specified).  When this
+  method is called, it can optionally verify whether the called method (name and
+  signature) matches the expected method.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, method_name, call_queue, replay_mode):
+    """Construct a new mock method.
+
+    Args:
+      # method_name: the name of the method
+      # call_queue: deque of calls, verify this call against the head, or add
+      #     this call to the queue.
+      # replay_mode: False if we are recording, True if we are verifying calls
+      #     against the call queue.
+      method_name: str
+      call_queue: list or deque
+      replay_mode: bool
+    """
+
+    self._name = method_name
+    self._call_queue = call_queue
+    if not isinstance(call_queue, deque):
+      self._call_queue = deque(self._call_queue)
+    self._replay_mode = replay_mode
+
+    self._params = None
+    self._named_params = None
+    self._return_value = None
+    self._exception = None
+    self._side_effects = None
+
+  def __call__(self, *params, **named_params):
+    """Log parameters and return the specified return value.
+
+    If the Mock(Anything/Object) associated with this call is in record mode,
+    this MockMethod will be pushed onto the expected call queue.  If the mock
+    is in replay mode, this will pop a MockMethod off the top of the queue and
+    verify this call is equal to the expected call.
+
+    Raises:
+      UnexpectedMethodCall if this call is supposed to match an expected method
+        call and it does not.
+    """
+
+    self._params = params
+    self._named_params = named_params
+
+    if not self._replay_mode:
+      self._call_queue.append(self)
+      return self
+
+    expected_method = self._VerifyMethodCall()
+
+    if expected_method._side_effects:
+      expected_method._side_effects(*params, **named_params)
+
+    if expected_method._exception:
+      raise expected_method._exception
+
+    return expected_method._return_value
+
+  def __getattr__(self, name):
+    """Raise an AttributeError with a helpful message."""
+
+    raise AttributeError('MockMethod has no attribute "%s". '
+        'Did you remember to put your mocks in replay mode?' % name)
+
+  def _PopNextMethod(self):
+    """Pop the next method from our call queue."""
+    try:
+      return self._call_queue.popleft()
+    except IndexError:
+      raise UnexpectedMethodCallError(self, None)
+
+  def _VerifyMethodCall(self):
+    """Verify the called method is expected.
+
+    This can be an ordered method, or part of an unordered set.
+
+    Returns:
+      The expected mock method.
+
+    Raises:
+      UnexpectedMethodCall if the method called was not expected.
+    """
+
+    expected = self._PopNextMethod()
+
+    # Loop here, because we might have a MethodGroup followed by another
+    # group.
+    while isinstance(expected, MethodGroup):
+      expected, method = expected.MethodCalled(self)
+      if method is not None:
+        return method
+
+    # This is a mock method, so just check equality.
+    if expected != self:
+      raise UnexpectedMethodCallError(self, expected)
+
+    return expected
+
+  def __str__(self):
+    params = ', '.join(
+        [repr(p) for p in self._params or []] +
+        ['%s=%r' % x for x in sorted((self._named_params or {}).items())])
+    desc = "%s(%s) -> %r" % (self._name, params, self._return_value)
+    return desc
+
+  def __eq__(self, rhs):
+    """Test whether this MockMethod is equivalent to another MockMethod.
+
+    Args:
+      # rhs: the right hand side of the test
+      rhs: MockMethod
+    """
+
+    return (isinstance(rhs, MockMethod) and
+            self._name == rhs._name and
+            self._params == rhs._params and
+            self._named_params == rhs._named_params)
+
+  def __ne__(self, rhs):
+    """Test whether this MockMethod is not equivalent to another MockMethod.
+
+    Args:
+      # rhs: the right hand side of the test
+      rhs: MockMethod
+    """
+
+    return not self == rhs
+
+  def GetPossibleGroup(self):
+    """Returns a possible group from the end of the call queue or None if no
+    other methods are on the stack.
+    """
+
+    # Remove this method from the tail of the queue so we can add it to a group.
+    this_method = self._call_queue.pop()
+    assert this_method == self
+
+    # Determine if the tail of the queue is a group, or just a regular ordered
+    # mock method.
+    group = None
+    try:
+      group = self._call_queue[-1]
+    except IndexError:
+      pass
+
+    return group
+
+  def _CheckAndCreateNewGroup(self, group_name, group_class):
+    """Checks if the last method (a possible group) is an instance of our
+    group_class. Adds the current method to this group or creates a new one.
+
+    Args:
+
+      group_name: the name of the group.
+      group_class: the class used to create instance of this new group
+    """
+    group = self.GetPossibleGroup()
+
+    # If this is a group, and it is the correct group, add the method.
+    if isinstance(group, group_class) and group.group_name() == group_name:
+      group.AddMethod(self)
+      return self
+
+    # Create a new group and add the method.
+    new_group = group_class(group_name)
+    new_group.AddMethod(self)
+    self._call_queue.append(new_group)
+    return self
+
+  def InAnyOrder(self, group_name="default"):
+    """Move this method into a group of unordered calls.
+
+    A group of unordered calls must be defined together, and must be executed
+    in full before the next expected method can be called.  There can be
+    multiple groups that are expected serially, if they are given
+    different group names.  The same group name can be reused if there is a
+    standard method call, or a group with a different name, spliced between
+    usages.
+
+    Args:
+      group_name: the name of the unordered group.
+
+    Returns:
+      self
+    """
+    return self._CheckAndCreateNewGroup(group_name, UnorderedGroup)
+
+  def MultipleTimes(self, group_name="default"):
+    """Move this method into group of calls which may be called multiple times.
+
+    A group of repeating calls must be defined together, and must be executed in
+    full before the next expected mehtod can be called.
+
+    Args:
+      group_name: the name of the unordered group.
+
+    Returns:
+      self
+    """
+    return self._CheckAndCreateNewGroup(group_name, MultipleTimesGroup)
+
+  def AndReturn(self, return_value):
+    """Set the value to return when this method is called.
+
+    Args:
+      # return_value can be anything.
+    """
+
+    self._return_value = return_value
+    return return_value
+
+  def AndRaise(self, exception):
+    """Set the exception to raise when this method is called.
+
+    Args:
+      # exception: the exception to raise when this method is called.
+      exception: Exception
+    """
+
+    self._exception = exception
+
+  def WithSideEffects(self, side_effects):
+    """Set the side effects that are simulated when this method is called.
+
+    Args:
+      side_effects: A callable which modifies the parameters or other relevant
+        state which a given test case depends on.
+
+    Returns:
+      Self for chaining with AndReturn and AndRaise.
+    """
+    self._side_effects = side_effects
+    return self
+
+class Comparator:
+  """Base class for all Mox comparators.
+
+  A Comparator can be used as a parameter to a mocked method when the exact
+  value is not known.  For example, the code you are testing might build up a
+  long SQL string that is passed to your mock DAO. You're only interested that
+  the IN clause contains the proper primary keys, so you can set your mock
+  up as follows:
+
+  mock_dao.RunQuery(StrContains('IN (1, 2, 4, 5)')).AndReturn(mock_result)
+
+  Now whatever query is passed in must contain the string 'IN (1, 2, 4, 5)'.
+
+  A Comparator may replace one or more parameters, for example:
+  # return at most 10 rows
+  mock_dao.RunQuery(StrContains('SELECT'), 10)
+
+  or
+
+  # Return some non-deterministic number of rows
+  mock_dao.RunQuery(StrContains('SELECT'), IsA(int))
+  """
+
+  def equals(self, rhs):
+    """Special equals method that all comparators must implement.
+
+    Args:
+      rhs: any python object
+    """
+
+    raise NotImplementedError('method must be implemented by a subclass.')
+
+  def __eq__(self, rhs):
+    return self.equals(rhs)
+
+  def __ne__(self, rhs):
+    return not self.equals(rhs)
+
+
+class IsA(Comparator):
+  """This class wraps a basic Python type or class.  It is used to verify
+  that a parameter is of the given type or class.
+
+  Example:
+  mock_dao.Connect(IsA(DbConnectInfo))
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, class_name):
+    """Initialize IsA
+
+    Args:
+      class_name: basic python type or a class
+    """
+
+    self._class_name = class_name
+
+  def equals(self, rhs):
+    """Check to see if the RHS is an instance of class_name.
+
+    Args:
+      # rhs: the right hand side of the test
+      rhs: object
+
+    Returns:
+      bool
+    """
+
+    try:
+      return isinstance(rhs, self._class_name)
+    except TypeError:
+      # Check raw types if there was a type error.  This is helpful for
+      # things like cStringIO.StringIO.
+      return type(rhs) == type(self._class_name)
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return str(self._class_name)
+
+class IsAlmost(Comparator):
+  """Comparison class used to check whether a parameter is nearly equal
+  to a given value.  Generally useful for floating point numbers.
+
+  Example mock_dao.SetTimeout((IsAlmost(3.9)))
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, float_value, places=7):
+    """Initialize IsAlmost.
+
+    Args:
+      float_value: The value for making the comparison.
+      places: The number of decimal places to round to.
+    """
+
+    self._float_value = float_value
+    self._places = places
+
+  def equals(self, rhs):
+    """Check to see if RHS is almost equal to float_value
+
+    Args:
+      rhs: the value to compare to float_value
+
+    Returns:
+      bool
+    """
+
+    try:
+      return round(rhs-self._float_value, self._places) == 0
+    except TypeError:
+      # This is probably because either float_value or rhs is not a number.
+      return False
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return str(self._float_value)
+
+class StrContains(Comparator):
+  """Comparison class used to check whether a substring exists in a
+  string parameter.  This can be useful in mocking a database with SQL
+  passed in as a string parameter, for example.
+
+  Example:
+  mock_dao.RunQuery(StrContains('IN (1, 2, 4, 5)')).AndReturn(mock_result)
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, search_string):
+    """Initialize.
+
+    Args:
+      # search_string: the string you are searching for
+      search_string: str
+    """
+
+    self._search_string = search_string
+
+  def equals(self, rhs):
+    """Check to see if the search_string is contained in the rhs string.
+
+    Args:
+      # rhs: the right hand side of the test
+      rhs: object
+
+    Returns:
+      bool
+    """
+
+    try:
+      return rhs.find(self._search_string) > -1
+    except Exception:
+      return False
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return '<str containing \'%s\'>' % self._search_string
+
+
+class Regex(Comparator):
+  """Checks if a string matches a regular expression.
+
+  This uses a given regular expression to determine equality.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, pattern, flags=0):
+    """Initialize.
+
+    Args:
+      # pattern is the regular expression to search for
+      pattern: str
+      # flags passed to re.compile function as the second argument
+      flags: int
+    """
+
+    self.regex = re.compile(pattern, flags=flags)
+
+  def equals(self, rhs):
+    """Check to see if rhs matches regular expression pattern.
+
+    Returns:
+      bool
+    """
+
+    return self.regex.search(rhs) is not None
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    s = '<regular expression \'%s\'' % self.regex.pattern
+    if self.regex.flags:
+      s += ', flags=%d' % self.regex.flags
+    s += '>'
+    return s
+
+
+class In(Comparator):
+  """Checks whether an item (or key) is in a list (or dict) parameter.
+
+  Example:
+  mock_dao.GetUsersInfo(In('expectedUserName')).AndReturn(mock_result)
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, key):
+    """Initialize.
+
+    Args:
+      # key is any thing that could be in a list or a key in a dict
+    """
+
+    self._key = key
+
+  def equals(self, rhs):
+    """Check to see whether key is in rhs.
+
+    Args:
+      rhs: dict
+
+    Returns:
+      bool
+    """
+
+    return self._key in rhs
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return '<sequence or map containing \'%s\'>' % self._key
+
+
+class ContainsKeyValue(Comparator):
+  """Checks whether a key/value pair is in a dict parameter.
+
+  Example:
+  mock_dao.UpdateUsers(ContainsKeyValue('stevepm', stevepm_user_info))
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, key, value):
+    """Initialize.
+
+    Args:
+      # key: a key in a dict
+      # value: the corresponding value
+    """
+
+    self._key = key
+    self._value = value
+
+  def equals(self, rhs):
+    """Check whether the given key/value pair is in the rhs dict.
+
+    Returns:
+      bool
+    """
+
+    try:
+      return rhs[self._key] == self._value
+    except Exception:
+      return False
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return '<map containing the entry \'%s: %s\'>' % (self._key, self._value)
+
+
+class SameElementsAs(Comparator):
+  """Checks whether iterables contain the same elements (ignoring order).
+
+  Example:
+  mock_dao.ProcessUsers(SameElementsAs('stevepm', 'salomaki'))
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, expected_seq):
+    """Initialize.
+
+    Args:
+      expected_seq: a sequence
+    """
+
+    self._expected_seq = expected_seq
+
+  def equals(self, actual_seq):
+    """Check to see whether actual_seq has same elements as expected_seq.
+
+    Args:
+      actual_seq: sequence
+
+    Returns:
+      bool
+    """
+
+    try:
+      expected = dict([(element, None) for element in self._expected_seq])
+      actual = dict([(element, None) for element in actual_seq])
+    except TypeError:
+      # Fall back to slower list-compare if any of the objects are unhashable.
+      expected = list(self._expected_seq)
+      actual = list(actual_seq)
+      expected.sort()
+      actual.sort()
+    return expected == actual
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return '<sequence with same elements as \'%s\'>' % self._expected_seq
+
+
+class And(Comparator):
+  """Evaluates one or more Comparators on RHS and returns an AND of the results.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, *args):
+    """Initialize.
+
+    Args:
+      *args: One or more Comparator
+    """
+
+    self._comparators = args
+
+  def equals(self, rhs):
+    """Checks whether all Comparators are equal to rhs.
+
+    Args:
+      # rhs: can be anything
+
+    Returns:
+      bool
+    """
+
+    for comparator in self._comparators:
+      if not comparator.equals(rhs):
+        return False
+
+    return True
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return '<AND %s>' % str(self._comparators)
+
+
+class Or(Comparator):
+  """Evaluates one or more Comparators on RHS and returns an OR of the results.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, *args):
+    """Initialize.
+
+    Args:
+      *args: One or more Mox comparators
+    """
+
+    self._comparators = args
+
+  def equals(self, rhs):
+    """Checks whether any Comparator is equal to rhs.
+
+    Args:
+      # rhs: can be anything
+
+    Returns:
+      bool
+    """
+
+    for comparator in self._comparators:
+      if comparator.equals(rhs):
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return '<OR %s>' % str(self._comparators)
+
+
+class Func(Comparator):
+  """Call a function that should verify the parameter passed in is correct.
+
+  You may need the ability to perform more advanced operations on the parameter
+  in order to validate it.  You can use this to have a callable validate any
+  parameter. The callable should return either True or False.
+
+
+  Example:
+
+  def myParamValidator(param):
+    # Advanced logic here
+    return True
+
+  mock_dao.DoSomething(Func(myParamValidator), true)
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, func):
+    """Initialize.
+
+    Args:
+      func: callable that takes one parameter and returns a bool
+    """
+
+    self._func = func
+
+  def equals(self, rhs):
+    """Test whether rhs passes the function test.
+
+    rhs is passed into func.
+
+    Args:
+      rhs: any python object
+
+    Returns:
+      the result of func(rhs)
+    """
+
+    return self._func(rhs)
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return str(self._func)
+
+
+class IgnoreArg(Comparator):
+  """Ignore an argument.
+
+  This can be used when we don't care about an argument of a method call.
+
+  Example:
+  # Check if CastMagic is called with 3 as first arg and 'disappear' as third.
+  mymock.CastMagic(3, IgnoreArg(), 'disappear')
+  """
+
+  def equals(self, unused_rhs):
+    """Ignores arguments and returns True.
+
+    Args:
+      unused_rhs: any python object
+
+    Returns:
+      always returns True
+    """
+
+    return True
+
+  def __repr__(self):
+    return '<IgnoreArg>'
+
+
+class MethodGroup(object):
+  """Base class containing common behaviour for MethodGroups."""
+
+  def __init__(self, group_name):
+    self._group_name = group_name
+
+  def group_name(self):
+    return self._group_name
+
+  def __str__(self):
+    return '<%s "%s">' % (self.__class__.__name__, self._group_name)
+
+  def AddMethod(self, mock_method):
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def MethodCalled(self, mock_method):
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def IsSatisfied(self):
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+class UnorderedGroup(MethodGroup):
+  """UnorderedGroup holds a set of method calls that may occur in any order.
+
+  This construct is helpful for non-deterministic events, such as iterating
+  over the keys of a dict.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, group_name):
+    super(UnorderedGroup, self).__init__(group_name)
+    self._methods = []
+
+  def AddMethod(self, mock_method):
+    """Add a method to this group.
+
+    Args:
+      mock_method: A mock method to be added to this group.
+    """
+
+    self._methods.append(mock_method)
+
+  def MethodCalled(self, mock_method):
+    """Remove a method call from the group.
+
+    If the method is not in the set, an UnexpectedMethodCallError will be
+    raised.
+
+    Args:
+      mock_method: a mock method that should be equal to a method in the group.
+
+    Returns:
+      The mock method from the group
+
+    Raises:
+      UnexpectedMethodCallError if the mock_method was not in the group.
+    """
+
+    # Check to see if this method exists, and if so, remove it from the set
+    # and return it.
+    for method in self._methods:
+      if method == mock_method:
+        # Remove the called mock_method instead of the method in the group.
+        # The called method will match any comparators when equality is checked
+        # during removal.  The method in the group could pass a comparator to
+        # another comparator during the equality check.
+        self._methods.remove(mock_method)
+
+        # If this group is not empty, put it back at the head of the queue.
+        if not self.IsSatisfied():
+          mock_method._call_queue.appendleft(self)
+
+        return self, method
+
+    raise UnexpectedMethodCallError(mock_method, self)
+
+  def IsSatisfied(self):
+    """Return True if there are not any methods in this group."""
+
+    return len(self._methods) == 0
+
+
+class MultipleTimesGroup(MethodGroup):
+  """MultipleTimesGroup holds methods that may be called any number of times.
+
+  Note: Each method must be called at least once.
+
+  This is helpful, if you don't know or care how many times a method is called.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, group_name):
+    super(MultipleTimesGroup, self).__init__(group_name)
+    self._methods = set()
+    self._methods_called = set()
+
+  def AddMethod(self, mock_method):
+    """Add a method to this group.
+
+    Args:
+      mock_method: A mock method to be added to this group.
+    """
+
+    self._methods.add(mock_method)
+
+  def MethodCalled(self, mock_method):
+    """Remove a method call from the group.
+
+    If the method is not in the set, an UnexpectedMethodCallError will be
+    raised.
+
+    Args:
+      mock_method: a mock method that should be equal to a method in the group.
+
+    Returns:
+      The mock method from the group
+
+    Raises:
+      UnexpectedMethodCallError if the mock_method was not in the group.
+    """
+
+    # Check to see if this method exists, and if so add it to the set of
+    # called methods.
+
+    for method in self._methods:
+      if method == mock_method:
+        self._methods_called.add(mock_method)
+        # Always put this group back on top of the queue, because we don't know
+        # when we are done.
+        mock_method._call_queue.appendleft(self)
+        return self, method
+
+    if self.IsSatisfied():
+      next_method = mock_method._PopNextMethod();
+      return next_method, None
+    else:
+      raise UnexpectedMethodCallError(mock_method, self)
+
+  def IsSatisfied(self):
+    """Return True if all methods in this group are called at least once."""
+    # NOTE(psycho): We can't use the simple set difference here because we want
+    # to match different parameters which are considered the same e.g. IsA(str)
+    # and some string. This solution is O(n^2) but n should be small.
+    tmp = self._methods.copy()
+    for called in self._methods_called:
+      for expected in tmp:
+        if called == expected:
+          tmp.remove(expected)
+          if not tmp:
+            return True
+          break
+    return False
+
+
+class MoxMetaTestBase(type):
+  """Metaclass to add mox cleanup and verification to every test.
+
+  As the mox unit testing class is being constructed (MoxTestBase or a
+  subclass), this metaclass will modify all test functions to call the
+  CleanUpMox method of the test class after they finish. This means that
+  unstubbing and verifying will happen for every test with no additional code,
+  and any failures will result in test failures as opposed to errors.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(cls, name, bases, d):
+    type.__init__(cls, name, bases, d)
+
+    # also get all the attributes from the base classes to account
+    # for a case when test class is not the immediate child of MoxTestBase
+    for base in bases:
+      for attr_name in dir(base):
+        d[attr_name] = getattr(base, attr_name)
+
+    for func_name, func in d.items():
+      if func_name.startswith('test') and callable(func):
+        setattr(cls, func_name, MoxMetaTestBase.CleanUpTest(cls, func))
+
+  @staticmethod
+  def CleanUpTest(cls, func):
+    """Adds Mox cleanup code to any MoxTestBase method.
+
+    Always unsets stubs after a test. Will verify all mocks for tests that
+    otherwise pass.
+
+    Args:
+      cls: MoxTestBase or subclass; the class whose test method we are altering.
+      func: method; the method of the MoxTestBase test class we wish to alter.
+
+    Returns:
+      The modified method.
+    """
+    def new_method(self, *args, **kwargs):
+      mox_obj = getattr(self, 'mox', None)
+      cleanup_mox = False
+      if mox_obj and isinstance(mox_obj, Mox):
+        cleanup_mox = True
+      try:
+        func(self, *args, **kwargs)
+      finally:
+        if cleanup_mox:
+          mox_obj.UnsetStubs()
+      if cleanup_mox:
+        mox_obj.VerifyAll()
+    new_method.__name__ = func.__name__
+    new_method.__doc__ = func.__doc__
+    new_method.__module__ = func.__module__
+    return new_method
+
+
+class MoxTestBase(unittest.TestCase):
+  """Convenience test class to make stubbing easier.
+
+  Sets up a "mox" attribute which is an instance of Mox - any mox tests will
+  want this. Also automatically unsets any stubs and verifies that all mock
+  methods have been called at the end of each test, eliminating boilerplate
+  code.
+  """
+
+  __metaclass__ = MoxMetaTestBase
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.mox = Mox()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8d35640e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+
+function get_source_version() {
+  grep "__version__ = '.*'" python/google/protobuf/__init__.py | sed -r "s/__version__ = '(.*)'/\1/"
+}
+
+function run_install_test() {
+  local VERSION=$1
+  local PYTHON=$2
+  local PYPI=$3
+
+  virtualenv --no-site-packages -p `which $PYTHON` test-venv
+
+  # Intentionally put a broken protoc in the path to make sure installation
+  # doesn't require protoc installed.
+  touch test-venv/bin/protoc
+  chmod +x test-venv/bin/protoc
+
+  source test-venv/bin/activate
+  pip install -i ${PYPI} protobuf==${VERSION} --no-cache-dir
+  deactivate
+  rm -fr test-venv
+}
+
+
+[ $# -lt 1 ] && {
+  echo "Usage: $0 VERSION ["
+  echo ""
+  echo "Examples:"
+  echo "  Test 3.3.0 release using version number 3.3.0.dev1:"
+  echo "    $0 3.0.0 dev1"
+  echo "  Actually release 3.3.0 to PyPI:"
+  echo "    $0 3.3.0"
+  exit 1
+}
+VERSION=$1
+DEV=$2
+
+# Make sure we are in a protobuf source tree.
+[ -f "python/google/protobuf/__init__.py" ] || {
+  echo "This script must be ran under root of protobuf source tree."
+  exit 1
+}
+
+# Make sure all files are world-readable.
+find python -type d -exec chmod a+r,a+x {} +
+find python -type f -exec chmod a+r {} +
+umask 0022
+
+# Check that the supplied version number matches what's inside the source code.
+SOURCE_VERSION=`get_source_version`
+
+[ "${VERSION}" == "${SOURCE_VERSION}" -o "${VERSION}.${DEV}" == "${SOURCE_VERSION}" ] || {
+  echo "Version number specified on the command line ${VERSION} doesn't match"
+  echo "the actual version number in the source code: ${SOURCE_VERSION}"
+  exit 1
+}
+
+TESTING_ONLY=1
+TESTING_VERSION=${VERSION}.${DEV}
+if [ -z "${DEV}" ]; then
+  read -p "You are releasing ${VERSION} to PyPI. Are you sure? [y/n]" -r
+  echo
+  if [[ ! $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  TESTING_ONLY=0
+  TESTING_VERSION=${VERSION}
+else
+  # Use dev version number for testing.
+  sed -i -r "s/__version__ = '.*'/__version__ = '${VERSION}.${DEV}'/" python/google/protobuf/__init__.py
+fi
+
+cd python
+
+# Run tests locally.
+python setup.py build
+python setup.py test
+
+# Deploy source package to testing PyPI
+python setup.py sdist upload -r https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
+
+# Test locally with different python versions.
+run_install_test ${TESTING_VERSION} python2.7 https://test.pypi.org/simple
+run_install_test ${TESTING_VERSION} python3 https://test.pypi.org/simple
+
+# Deploy egg/wheel packages to testing PyPI and test again.
+python setup.py bdist_egg bdist_wheel upload -r https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
+
+run_install_test ${TESTING_VERSION} python2.7 https://test.pypi.org/simple
+run_install_test ${TESTING_VERSION} python3 https://test.pypi.org/simple
+
+echo "All install tests have passed using testing PyPI."
+
+if [ $TESTING_ONLY -eq 0 ]; then
+  read -p "Publish to PyPI? [y/n]" -r
+  echo
+  if [[ ! $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  echo "Publishing to PyPI..."
+  # Be sure to run build before sdist, because otherwise sdist will not include
+  # well-known types.
+  python setup.py clean build sdist upload
+  # Be sure to run clean before bdist_xxx, because otherwise bdist_xxx will
+  # include files you may not want in the package. E.g., if you have built
+  # and tested with --cpp_implemenation, bdist_xxx will include the _message.so
+  # file even when you no longer pass the --cpp_implemenation flag. See:
+  #   https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/3042
+  python setup.py clean build bdist_egg bdist_wheel upload
+else
+  # Set the version number back (i.e., remove dev suffix).
+  sed -i -r "s/__version__ = '.*'/__version__ = '${VERSION}'/" google/protobuf/__init__.py
+fi
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release/wheel/Dockerfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release/wheel/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f38ec2f58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release/wheel/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+FROM quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64
+
+RUN yum install -y libtool
+RUN /opt/python/cp27-cp27mu/bin/pip install twine
+
+COPY protobuf_optimized_pip.sh /
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release/wheel/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release/wheel/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..edda2cd70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release/wheel/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Description
+------------------------------
+This directory is used to build released wheels according to PEP513 and upload
+them to pypi.
+
+Usage
+------------------------------
+For example, to release 3.3.0:
+    ./protobuf_optimized_pip.sh 3.3.0 PYPI_USERNAME PYPI_PASSWORD
+
+Structure
+------------------------------
+| Source                    | Source                                                       |
+|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
+| protobuf_optimized_pip.sh | Entry point. Calling Dockerfile and build_wheel_manylinux.sh |
+| Dockerfile                | Build docker image according to PEP513.                      |
+| build_wheel_manylinux.sh  | Build wheel packages in the docker container.                |
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release/wheel/build_wheel_manylinux.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release/wheel/build_wheel_manylinux.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..39fd8c127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release/wheel/build_wheel_manylinux.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Print usage and fail.
+function usage() {
+  echo "Usage: protobuf_optimized_pip.sh PROTOBUF_VERSION PYPI_USERNAME PYPI_PASSWORD" >&2
+  exit 1   # Causes caller to exit because we use -e.
+}
+
+# Validate arguments.
+if [ $0 != ./build_wheel_manylinux.sh ]; then
+  echo "Please run this script from the directory in which it is located." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ $# -lt 3 ]; then
+  usage
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+PROTOBUF_VERSION=$1
+PYPI_USERNAME=$2
+PYPI_PASSWORD=$3
+
+docker rmi protobuf-python-wheel
+docker build . -t protobuf-python-wheel
+docker run --rm protobuf-python-wheel ./protobuf_optimized_pip.sh $PROTOBUF_VERSION $PYPI_USERNAME $PYPI_PASSWORD
+docker rmi protobuf-python-wheel
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release/wheel/protobuf_optimized_pip.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release/wheel/protobuf_optimized_pip.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..07c2a093b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/release/wheel/protobuf_optimized_pip.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# DO NOT use this script manually! Called by docker.
+
+set -ex
+
+# Print usage and fail.
+function usage() {
+  echo "Usage: protobuf_optimized_pip.sh PROTOBUF_VERSION" >&2
+  exit 1   # Causes caller to exit because we use -e.
+}
+
+# Build wheel
+function build_wheel() {
+  PYTHON_VERSION=$1
+  PYTHON_BIN=/opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/python
+
+  $PYTHON_BIN setup.py bdist_wheel --cpp_implementation --compile_static_extension
+  auditwheel repair dist/protobuf-${PROTOBUF_VERSION}-${PYTHON_VERSION}-linux_x86_64.whl
+}
+
+# Validate arguments.
+if [ $0 != ./protobuf_optimized_pip.sh ]; then
+  echo "Please run this script from the directory in which it is located." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
+  usage
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+PROTOBUF_VERSION=$1
+PYPI_USERNAME=$2
+PYPI_PASSWORD=$3
+
+DIR=${PWD}/'protobuf-python-build'
+PYTHON_VERSIONS=('cp27-cp27mu' 'cp33-cp33m' 'cp34-cp34m' 'cp35-cp35m' 'cp36-cp36m')
+
+mkdir -p ${DIR}
+cd ${DIR}
+curl -SsL -O https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/archive/v${PROTOBUF_VERSION}.tar.gz
+tar xzf v${PROTOBUF_VERSION}.tar.gz
+cd $DIR/protobuf-${PROTOBUF_VERSION}
+
+# Autoconf on centos 5.11 cannot recognize AC_PROG_OBJC.
+sed -i '/AC_PROG_OBJC/d' configure.ac
+sed -i 's/conformance\/Makefile//g' configure.ac
+
+# Use the /usr/bin/autoconf and related tools to pick the correct aclocal macros
+export PATH="/usr/bin:$PATH"
+
+# Build protoc
+./autogen.sh
+CXXFLAGS="-fPIC -g -O2" ./configure
+make -j8
+export PROTOC=$DIR/src/protoc
+
+cd python
+
+for PYTHON_VERSION in "${PYTHON_VERSIONS[@]}"
+do
+  build_wheel $PYTHON_VERSION
+done
+
+/opt/python/cp27-cp27mu/bin/twine upload wheelhouse/*
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/setup.cfg b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/setup.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a9acf13d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/setup.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[bdist_wheel]
+universal = 1
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/setup.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/setup.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9aabbf7aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+#
+# See README for usage instructions.
+from distutils import util
+import glob
+import os
+import pkg_resources
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import platform
+
+# We must use setuptools, not distutils, because we need to use the
+# namespace_packages option for the "google" package.
+from setuptools import setup, Extension, find_packages
+
+from distutils.command.build_py import build_py as _build_py
+from distutils.command.clean import clean as _clean
+from distutils.spawn import find_executable
+
+# Find the Protocol Compiler.
+if 'PROTOC' in os.environ and os.path.exists(os.environ['PROTOC']):
+  protoc = os.environ['PROTOC']
+elif os.path.exists("../src/protoc"):
+  protoc = "../src/protoc"
+elif os.path.exists("../src/protoc.exe"):
+  protoc = "../src/protoc.exe"
+elif os.path.exists("../vsprojects/Debug/protoc.exe"):
+  protoc = "../vsprojects/Debug/protoc.exe"
+elif os.path.exists("../vsprojects/Release/protoc.exe"):
+  protoc = "../vsprojects/Release/protoc.exe"
+else:
+  protoc = find_executable("protoc")
+
+
+def GetVersion():
+  """Gets the version from google/protobuf/__init__.py
+
+  Do not import google.protobuf.__init__ directly, because an installed
+  protobuf library may be loaded instead."""
+
+  with open(os.path.join('google', 'protobuf', '__init__.py')) as version_file:
+    exec(version_file.read(), globals())
+    global __version__
+    return __version__
+
+
+def generate_proto(source, require = True):
+  """Invokes the Protocol Compiler to generate a _pb2.py from the given
+  .proto file.  Does nothing if the output already exists and is newer than
+  the input."""
+
+  if not require and not os.path.exists(source):
+    return
+
+  output = source.replace(".proto", "_pb2.py").replace("../src/", "")
+
+  if (not os.path.exists(output) or
+      (os.path.exists(source) and
+       os.path.getmtime(source) > os.path.getmtime(output))):
+    print("Generating %s..." % output)
+
+    if not os.path.exists(source):
+      sys.stderr.write("Can't find required file: %s\n" % source)
+      sys.exit(-1)
+
+    if protoc is None:
+      sys.stderr.write(
+          "protoc is not installed nor found in ../src.  Please compile it "
+          "or install the binary package.\n")
+      sys.exit(-1)
+
+    protoc_command = [ protoc, "-I../src", "-I.", "--python_out=.", source ]
+    if subprocess.call(protoc_command) != 0:
+      sys.exit(-1)
+
+def GenerateUnittestProtos():
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/any_test.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/map_proto2_unittest.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/map_unittest.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/unittest_arena.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_import.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/unittest.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/util/json_format.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/any_test.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test1.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test2.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/factory_test1.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/factory_test2.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/file_options_test.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/inner.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/import_test_package/outer.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/missing_enum_values.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/message_set_extensions.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/more_extensions_dynamic.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/more_messages.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/no_package.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/packed_field_test.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/internal/test_bad_identifiers.proto", False)
+  generate_proto("google/protobuf/pyext/python.proto", False)
+
+
+class clean(_clean):
+  def run(self):
+    # Delete generated files in the code tree.
+    for (dirpath, dirnames, filenames) in os.walk("."):
+      for filename in filenames:
+        filepath = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
+        if filepath.endswith("_pb2.py") or filepath.endswith(".pyc") or \
+          filepath.endswith(".so") or filepath.endswith(".o"):
+          os.remove(filepath)
+    # _clean is an old-style class, so super() doesn't work.
+    _clean.run(self)
+
+class build_py(_build_py):
+  def run(self):
+    # Generate necessary .proto file if it doesn't exist.
+    generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto")
+    generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto")
+    generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/any.proto")
+    generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/api.proto")
+    generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/duration.proto")
+    generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/empty.proto")
+    generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto")
+    generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/source_context.proto")
+    generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/struct.proto")
+    generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto")
+    generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/type.proto")
+    generate_proto("../src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto")
+    GenerateUnittestProtos()
+
+    # _build_py is an old-style class, so super() doesn't work.
+    _build_py.run(self)
+
+class test_conformance(_build_py):
+  target = 'test_python'
+  def run(self):
+    # Python 2.6 dodges these extra failures.
+    os.environ["CONFORMANCE_PYTHON_EXTRA_FAILURES"] = (
+        "--failure_list failure_list_python-post26.txt")
+    cmd = 'cd ../conformance && make %s' % (test_conformance.target)
+    status = subprocess.check_call(cmd, shell=True)
+
+
+def get_option_from_sys_argv(option_str):
+  if option_str in sys.argv:
+    sys.argv.remove(option_str)
+    return True
+  return False
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  ext_module_list = []
+  warnings_as_errors = '--warnings_as_errors'
+  if get_option_from_sys_argv('--cpp_implementation'):
+    # Link libprotobuf.a and libprotobuf-lite.a statically with the
+    # extension. Note that those libraries have to be compiled with
+    # -fPIC for this to work.
+    compile_static_ext = get_option_from_sys_argv('--compile_static_extension')
+    libraries = ['protobuf']
+    extra_objects = None
+    if compile_static_ext:
+      libraries = None
+      extra_objects = ['../src/.libs/libprotobuf.a',
+                       '../src/.libs/libprotobuf-lite.a']
+    test_conformance.target = 'test_python_cpp'
+
+    extra_compile_args = []
+
+    if sys.platform != 'win32':
+        extra_compile_args.append('-Wno-write-strings')
+        extra_compile_args.append('-Wno-invalid-offsetof')
+        extra_compile_args.append('-Wno-sign-compare')
+        extra_compile_args.append('-Wno-unused-variable')
+        extra_compile_args.append('-std=c++11')
+
+    if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+      extra_compile_args.append("-Wno-shorten-64-to-32");
+      extra_compile_args.append("-Wno-deprecated-register");
+
+    # https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode_release_notes/xcode_10_release_notes
+    # C++ projects must now migrate to libc++ and are recommended to set a
+    # deployment target of macOS 10.9 or later, or iOS 7 or later.
+    if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+      mac_target = sysconfig.get_config_var('MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET')
+      if mac_target and (pkg_resources.parse_version(mac_target) <
+                       pkg_resources.parse_version('10.9.0')):
+        os.environ['MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET'] = '10.9'
+        os.environ['_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM'] = re.sub(
+            r'macosx-[0-9]+\.[0-9]+-(.+)', r'macosx-10.9-\1',
+            util.get_platform())
+
+    # https://github.com/Theano/Theano/issues/4926
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+      extra_compile_args.append('-D_hypot=hypot')
+
+    # https://github.com/tpaviot/pythonocc-core/issues/48
+    if sys.platform == 'win32' and  '64 bit' in sys.version:
+      extra_compile_args.append('-DMS_WIN64')
+
+    # MSVS default is dymanic
+    if (sys.platform == 'win32'):
+      extra_compile_args.append('/MT')
+
+    if "clang" in os.popen('$CC --version 2> /dev/null').read():
+      extra_compile_args.append('-Wno-shorten-64-to-32')
+
+    if warnings_as_errors in sys.argv:
+      extra_compile_args.append('-Werror')
+      sys.argv.remove(warnings_as_errors)
+
+    # C++ implementation extension
+    ext_module_list.extend([
+        Extension(
+            "google.protobuf.pyext._message",
+            glob.glob('google/protobuf/pyext/*.cc'),
+            include_dirs=[".", "../src"],
+            libraries=libraries,
+            extra_objects=extra_objects,
+            library_dirs=['../src/.libs'],
+            extra_compile_args=extra_compile_args,
+        ),
+        Extension(
+            "google.protobuf.internal._api_implementation",
+            glob.glob('google/protobuf/internal/api_implementation.cc'),
+            extra_compile_args=extra_compile_args + ['-DPYTHON_PROTO2_CPP_IMPL_V2'],
+        ),
+    ])
+    os.environ['PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION'] = 'cpp'
+
+  # Keep this list of dependencies in sync with tox.ini.
+  install_requires = ['six>=1.9', 'setuptools']
+  if sys.version_info <= (2,7):
+    install_requires.append('ordereddict')
+    install_requires.append('unittest2')
+
+  setup(
+      name='protobuf',
+      version=GetVersion(),
+      description='Protocol Buffers',
+      download_url='https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases',
+      long_description="Protocol Buffers are Google's data interchange format",
+      url='https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/',
+      maintainer='protobuf@googlegroups.com',
+      maintainer_email='protobuf@googlegroups.com',
+      license='3-Clause BSD License',
+      classifiers=[
+        "Programming Language :: Python",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 2",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6",
+        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
+        ],
+      namespace_packages=['google'],
+      packages=find_packages(
+          exclude=[
+              'import_test_package',
+          ],
+      ),
+      test_suite='google.protobuf.internal',
+      cmdclass={
+          'clean': clean,
+          'build_py': build_py,
+          'test_conformance': test_conformance,
+      },
+      install_requires=install_requires,
+      ext_modules=ext_module_list,
+  )
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/stubout.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/stubout.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ba391045b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/stubout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python2.4
+#
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# This file is used for testing.  The original is at:
+#   http://code.google.com/p/pymox/
+
+import inspect
+
+
+class StubOutForTesting:
+  """Sample Usage:
+     You want os.path.exists() to always return true during testing.
+
+     stubs = StubOutForTesting()
+     stubs.Set(os.path, 'exists', lambda x: 1)
+       ...
+     stubs.UnsetAll()
+
+     The above changes os.path.exists into a lambda that returns 1.  Once
+     the ... part of the code finishes, the UnsetAll() looks up the old value
+     of os.path.exists and restores it.
+
+  """
+  def __init__(self):
+    self.cache = []
+    self.stubs = []
+
+  def __del__(self):
+    self.SmartUnsetAll()
+    self.UnsetAll()
+
+  def SmartSet(self, obj, attr_name, new_attr):
+    """Replace obj.attr_name with new_attr. This method is smart and works
+       at the module, class, and instance level while preserving proper
+       inheritance. It will not stub out C types however unless that has been
+       explicitly allowed by the type.
+
+       This method supports the case where attr_name is a staticmethod or a
+       classmethod of obj.
+
+       Notes:
+      - If obj is an instance, then it is its class that will actually be
+        stubbed. Note that the method Set() does not do that: if obj is
+        an instance, it (and not its class) will be stubbed.
+      - The stubbing is using the builtin getattr and setattr. So, the __get__
+        and __set__ will be called when stubbing (TODO: A better idea would
+        probably be to manipulate obj.__dict__ instead of getattr() and
+        setattr()).
+
+       Raises AttributeError if the attribute cannot be found.
+    """
+    if (inspect.ismodule(obj) or
+        (not inspect.isclass(obj) and obj.__dict__.has_key(attr_name))):
+      orig_obj = obj
+      orig_attr = getattr(obj, attr_name)
+
+    else:
+      if not inspect.isclass(obj):
+        mro = list(inspect.getmro(obj.__class__))
+      else:
+        mro = list(inspect.getmro(obj))
+
+      mro.reverse()
+
+      orig_attr = None
+
+      for cls in mro:
+        try:
+          orig_obj = cls
+          orig_attr = getattr(obj, attr_name)
+        except AttributeError:
+          continue
+
+    if orig_attr is None:
+      raise AttributeError("Attribute not found.")
+
+    # Calling getattr() on a staticmethod transforms it to a 'normal' function.
+    # We need to ensure that we put it back as a staticmethod.
+    old_attribute = obj.__dict__.get(attr_name)
+    if old_attribute is not None and isinstance(old_attribute, staticmethod):
+      orig_attr = staticmethod(orig_attr)
+
+    self.stubs.append((orig_obj, attr_name, orig_attr))
+    setattr(orig_obj, attr_name, new_attr)
+
+  def SmartUnsetAll(self):
+    """Reverses all the SmartSet() calls, restoring things to their original
+    definition.  Its okay to call SmartUnsetAll() repeatedly, as later calls
+    have no effect if no SmartSet() calls have been made.
+
+    """
+    self.stubs.reverse()
+
+    for args in self.stubs:
+      setattr(*args)
+
+    self.stubs = []
+
+  def Set(self, parent, child_name, new_child):
+    """Replace child_name's old definition with new_child, in the context
+    of the given parent.  The parent could be a module when the child is a
+    function at module scope.  Or the parent could be a class when a class'
+    method is being replaced.  The named child is set to new_child, while
+    the prior definition is saved away for later, when UnsetAll() is called.
+
+    This method supports the case where child_name is a staticmethod or a
+    classmethod of parent.
+    """
+    old_child = getattr(parent, child_name)
+
+    old_attribute = parent.__dict__.get(child_name)
+    if old_attribute is not None and isinstance(old_attribute, staticmethod):
+      old_child = staticmethod(old_child)
+
+    self.cache.append((parent, old_child, child_name))
+    setattr(parent, child_name, new_child)
+
+  def UnsetAll(self):
+    """Reverses all the Set() calls, restoring things to their original
+    definition.  Its okay to call UnsetAll() repeatedly, as later calls have
+    no effect if no Set() calls have been made.
+
+    """
+    # Undo calls to Set() in reverse order, in case Set() was called on the
+    # same arguments repeatedly (want the original call to be last one undone)
+    self.cache.reverse()
+
+    for (parent, old_child, child_name) in self.cache:
+      setattr(parent, child_name, old_child)
+    self.cache = []
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/tox.ini b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/tox.ini
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..999f8ceeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/python/tox.ini
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[tox]
+envlist =
+    py{27,33,34,35,36}-{cpp,python}
+
+[testenv]
+usedevelop=true
+passenv =
+    CC KOKORO_BUILD_ID KOKORO_BUILD_NUMBER
+setenv =
+    cpp: LD_LIBRARY_PATH={toxinidir}/../src/.libs
+    cpp: DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH={toxinidir}/../src/.libs
+    cpp: PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=cpp
+    python: PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=python
+commands =
+    python setup.py -q build_py
+    python: python setup.py -q build
+    cpp: python setup.py -q build --cpp_implementation --warnings_as_errors --compile_static_extension
+    python: python setup.py -q test -q
+    cpp: python setup.py -q test -q --cpp_implementation
+    python: python setup.py -q test_conformance
+    cpp: python setup.py -q test_conformance --cpp_implementation
+deps =
+    # Keep this list of dependencies in sync with setup.py.
+    six>=1.9
+    py26: ordereddict
+    py26: unittest2
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/.gitignore b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..653309818
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+*.bundle
+tags
+.idea/
+lib/google/protobuf_java.jar
+protobuf-jruby.iml
+target/
+pkg/
+tmp/
+tests/google/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/Gemfile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/Gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa75df156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/Gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+gemspec
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42a1ffaad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+This directory contains the Ruby extension that implements Protocol Buffers
+functionality in Ruby.
+
+The Ruby extension makes use of generated Ruby code that defines message and
+enum types in a Ruby DSL. You may write definitions in this DSL directly, but
+we recommend using protoc's Ruby generation support with .proto files. The
+build process in this directory only installs the extension; you need to
+install protoc as well to have Ruby code generation functionality.
+
+Installation from Gem
+---------------------
+In Gemfile (Please check a version of Protocol Buffers you needed [RubyGems](https://rubygems.org/gems/google-protobuf)):
+
+    gem 'google-protobuf'
+
+Or for using this pre-packaged gem, simply install it as you would any other gem:
+
+    $ gem install [--prerelease] google-protobuf
+
+Once the gem is installed, you may or may not need `protoc`. If you write your
+message type descriptions directly in the Ruby DSL, you do not need it.
+However, if you wish to generate the Ruby DSL from a `.proto` file, you will
+also want to install Protocol Buffers itself, as described in this repository's
+main `README` file. The version of `protoc` included in the latest release
+supports the `--ruby_out` option to generate Ruby code.
+
+A simple example of using the Ruby extension follows. More extensive
+documentation may be found in the RubyDoc comments (`call-seq` tags) in the
+source, and we plan to release separate, more detailed, documentation at a
+later date.
+
+```ruby
+require 'google/protobuf'
+
+# generated from my_proto_types.proto with protoc:
+#  $ protoc --ruby_out=. my_proto_types.proto
+require 'my_proto_types'
+
+mymessage = MyTestMessage.new(:field1 => 42, :field2 => ["a", "b", "c"])
+mymessage.field1 = 43
+mymessage.field2.push("d")
+mymessage.field3 = SubMessage.new(:foo => 100)
+
+encoded_data = MyTestMessage.encode(mymessage)
+decoded = MyTestMessage.decode(encoded_data)
+assert decoded == mymessage
+
+puts "JSON:"
+puts MyTestMessage.encode_json(mymessage)
+```
+
+Installation from Source (Building Gem)
+---------------------------------------
+
+To build this Ruby extension, you will need:
+
+* Rake
+* Bundler
+* Ruby development headers
+* a C compiler
+
+To Build the JRuby extension, you will need:
+
+* Maven
+* The latest version of the protobuf java library (see ../java/README.md)
+* Install JRuby via rbenv or RVM
+
+First switch to the desired platform with rbenv or RVM.
+
+Then install the required Ruby gems:
+
+    $ gem install bundler
+    $ bundle
+
+Then build the Gem:
+
+    $ rake
+    $ rake clobber_package gem
+    $ gem install `ls pkg/google-protobuf-*.gem`
+
+To run the specs:
+
+    $ rake test
+
+This gem includes the upb parsing and serialization library as a single-file
+amalgamation. It is up-to-date with upb git commit
+`535bc2fe2f2b467f59347ffc9449e11e47791257`.
+
+Version Number Scheme
+---------------------
+
+We are using a version number scheme that is a hybrid of Protocol Buffers'
+overall version number and some Ruby-specific rules. Gem does not allow
+re-uploads of a gem with the same version number, so we add a sequence number
+("upload version") to the version. We also format alphabetical tags (alpha,
+pre, ...) slightly differently, and we avoid hyphens. In more detail:
+
+* First, we determine the prefix: a Protocol Buffers version "3.0.0-alpha-2"
+  becomes "3.0.0.alpha.2". When we release 3.0.0, this prefix will be simply
+  "3.0.0".
+* We then append the upload version: "3.0.0.alpha.2.0" or "3.0.0.0". If we need
+  to upload a new version of the gem to fix an issue, the version becomes
+  "3.0.0.alpha.2.1" or "3.0.0.1".
+* If we are working on a prerelease version, we append a prerelease tag:
+  "3.0.0.alpha.3.0.pre". The prerelease tag comes at the end so that when
+  version numbers are sorted, any prerelease builds are ordered between the
+  prior version and current version.
+
+These rules are designed to work with the sorting rules for
+[Gem::Version](http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.0/libdoc/rubygems/rdoc/Gem/Version.html):
+release numbers should sort in actual release order.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/Rakefile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/Rakefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad70e3107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/Rakefile
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+require "rubygems"
+require "rubygems/package_task"
+require "rake/extensiontask" unless RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+require "rake/testtask"
+
+spec = Gem::Specification.load("google-protobuf.gemspec")
+
+well_known_protos = %w[
+  google/protobuf/any.proto
+  google/protobuf/api.proto
+  google/protobuf/duration.proto
+  google/protobuf/empty.proto
+  google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
+  google/protobuf/source_context.proto
+  google/protobuf/struct.proto
+  google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
+  google/protobuf/type.proto
+  google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+]
+
+# These are omitted for now because we don't support proto2.
+proto2_protos = %w[
+  google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+  google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto
+]
+
+genproto_output = []
+
+# We won't have access to .. from within docker, but the proto files
+# will be there, thanks to the :genproto rule dependency for gem:native.
+unless ENV['IN_DOCKER'] == 'true'
+  well_known_protos.each do |proto_file|
+    input_file = "../src/" + proto_file
+    output_file = "lib/" + proto_file.sub(/\.proto$/, "_pb.rb")
+    genproto_output << output_file
+    file output_file => input_file do |file_task|
+      sh "../src/protoc -I../src --ruby_out=lib #{input_file}"
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+  if `which mvn` == ''
+    raise ArgumentError, "maven needs to be installed"
+  end
+  task :clean do
+    system("mvn --batch-mode clean")
+  end
+
+  task :compile do
+    system("mvn --batch-mode package")
+  end
+else
+  Rake::ExtensionTask.new("protobuf_c", spec) do |ext|
+    unless RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /darwin/
+      # TODO: also set "no_native to true" for mac if possible. As is,
+      # "no_native" can only be set if the RUBY_PLATFORM doing
+      # cross-compilation is contained in the "ext.cross_platform" array.
+      ext.no_native = true
+    end
+    ext.ext_dir = "ext/google/protobuf_c"
+    ext.lib_dir = "lib/google"
+    ext.cross_compile = true
+    ext.cross_platform = [
+      'x86-mingw32', 'x64-mingw32',
+      'x86_64-linux', 'x86-linux',
+      'universal-darwin'
+    ]
+  end
+
+  task 'gem:windows' do
+    require 'rake_compiler_dock'
+    RakeCompilerDock.sh "bundle && IN_DOCKER=true rake cross native gem RUBY_CC_VERSION=2.6.0:2.5.0:2.4.0:2.3.0"
+  end
+
+  if RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /darwin/
+    task 'gem:native' do
+      system "rake genproto"
+      system "rake cross native gem RUBY_CC_VERSION=2.6.0:2.5.1:2.4.0:2.3.0"
+    end
+  else
+    task 'gem:native' => [:genproto, 'gem:windows']
+  end
+end
+
+
+# Proto for tests.
+genproto_output << "tests/generated_code.rb"
+genproto_output << "tests/generated_code_proto2.rb"
+genproto_output << "tests/test_import.rb"
+genproto_output << "tests/test_import_proto2.rb"
+genproto_output << "tests/test_ruby_package.rb"
+genproto_output << "tests/test_ruby_package_proto2.rb"
+genproto_output << "tests/basic_test.rb"
+genproto_output << "tests/basic_test_proto2.rb"
+genproto_output << "tests/wrappers.rb"
+file "tests/generated_code.rb" => "tests/generated_code.proto" do |file_task|
+  sh "../src/protoc --ruby_out=. tests/generated_code.proto"
+end
+
+file "tests/generated_code_proto2.rb" => "tests/generated_code_proto2.proto" do |file_task|
+  sh "../src/protoc --ruby_out=. tests/generated_code_proto2.proto"
+end
+
+file "tests/test_import.rb" => "tests/test_import.proto" do |file_task|
+  sh "../src/protoc --ruby_out=. tests/test_import.proto"
+end
+
+file "tests/test_import_proto2.rb" => "tests/test_import_proto2.proto" do |file_task|
+  sh "../src/protoc --ruby_out=. tests/test_import_proto2.proto"
+end
+
+file "tests/test_ruby_package.rb" => "tests/test_ruby_package.proto" do |file_task|
+  sh "../src/protoc --ruby_out=. tests/test_ruby_package.proto"
+end
+
+file "tests/test_ruby_package_proto2.rb" => "tests/test_ruby_package_proto2.proto" do |file_task|
+  sh "../src/protoc --ruby_out=. tests/test_ruby_package_proto2.proto"
+end
+
+file "tests/basic_test.rb" => "tests/basic_test.proto" do |file_task|
+  sh "../src/protoc -I../src -I. --ruby_out=. tests/basic_test.proto"
+end
+
+file "tests/basic_test_proto2.rb" => "tests/basic_test_proto2.proto" do |file_task|
+  sh "../src/protoc -I../src -I. --ruby_out=. tests/basic_test_proto2.proto"
+end
+
+file "tests/wrappers.rb" => "../src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto" do |file_task|
+  sh "../src/protoc -I../src -I. --ruby_out=tests ../src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto"
+end
+
+task :genproto => genproto_output
+
+task :clean do
+  sh "rm -f #{genproto_output.join(' ')}"
+end
+
+Gem::PackageTask.new(spec) do |pkg|
+end
+
+Rake::TestTask.new(:test => :build) do |t|
+  t.test_files = FileList["tests/*.rb"].exclude("tests/gc_test.rb", "tests/common_tests.rb")
+end
+
+# gc_test needs to be split out to ensure the generated file hasn't been
+# imported by other tests.
+Rake::TestTask.new(:gc_test => :build) do |t|
+  t.test_files = FileList["tests/gc_test.rb"]
+end
+
+task :build => [:clean, :compile, :genproto]
+task :default => [:build]
+
+# vim:sw=2:et
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb341228c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Protobuf Ruby Compatibility Tests
+
+This drectory contains a snapshot of protobuf ruby 3.0.0 unittest code and
+test scripts used to verifies whether the latest version of protobuf is
+still compatible with 3.0.0 generated code.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/Rakefile b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/Rakefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19a4ba128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/Rakefile
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+require "rake/testtask"
+
+# Proto for tests.
+genproto_output = []
+genproto_output << "tests/generated_code.rb"
+genproto_output << "tests/test_import.rb"
+file "tests/generated_code.rb" => "tests/generated_code.proto" do |file_task|
+  sh "./protoc --ruby_out=. tests/generated_code.proto"
+end
+
+file "tests/test_import.rb" => "tests/test_import.proto" do |file_task|
+  sh "./protoc --ruby_out=. tests/test_import.proto"
+end
+
+task :genproto => genproto_output
+
+task :clean do
+  sh "rm -f #{genproto_output.join(' ')}"
+end
+
+Rake::TestTask.new(:test => :genproto) do |t|
+  t.test_files = FileList["tests/*.rb"]
+end
+
+task :default => [:test]
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d5a8fd74d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+
+# Change to the script's directory
+cd $(dirname $0)
+
+# Download 3.0.0 version of protoc
+PROTOC_BINARY_NAME="protoc-3.0.0-linux-x86_64.exe"
+if [ `uname` = "Darwin" ]; then
+  PROTOC_BINARY_NAME="protoc-3.0.0-osx-x86_64.exe"
+fi
+wget https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/google/protobuf/protoc/3.0.0/${PROTOC_BINARY_NAME} -O protoc
+chmod +x protoc
+
+# Run tests
+rake test
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/basic.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/basic.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfe68eff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/basic.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,1276 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+require 'google/protobuf'
+require 'test/unit'
+
+# ------------- generated code --------------
+
+module BasicTest
+  pool = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.new
+  pool.build do
+    add_message "Foo" do
+      optional :bar, :message, 1, "Bar"
+      repeated :baz, :message, 2, "Baz"
+    end
+
+    add_message "Bar" do
+      optional :msg, :string, 1
+    end
+
+    add_message "Baz" do
+      optional :msg, :string, 1
+    end
+
+    add_message "TestMessage" do
+      optional :optional_int32,  :int32,        1
+      optional :optional_int64,  :int64,        2
+      optional :optional_uint32, :uint32,       3
+      optional :optional_uint64, :uint64,       4
+      optional :optional_bool,   :bool,         5
+      optional :optional_float,  :float,        6
+      optional :optional_double, :double,       7
+      optional :optional_string, :string,       8
+      optional :optional_bytes,  :bytes,        9
+      optional :optional_msg,    :message,      10, "TestMessage2"
+      optional :optional_enum,   :enum,         11, "TestEnum"
+
+      repeated :repeated_int32,  :int32,        12
+      repeated :repeated_int64,  :int64,        13
+      repeated :repeated_uint32, :uint32,       14
+      repeated :repeated_uint64, :uint64,       15
+      repeated :repeated_bool,   :bool,         16
+      repeated :repeated_float,  :float,        17
+      repeated :repeated_double, :double,       18
+      repeated :repeated_string, :string,       19
+      repeated :repeated_bytes,  :bytes,        20
+      repeated :repeated_msg,    :message,      21, "TestMessage2"
+      repeated :repeated_enum,   :enum,         22, "TestEnum"
+    end
+    add_message "TestMessage2" do
+      optional :foo, :int32, 1
+    end
+
+    add_message "Recursive1" do
+      optional :foo, :message, 1, "Recursive2"
+    end
+    add_message "Recursive2" do
+      optional :foo, :message, 1, "Recursive1"
+    end
+
+    add_enum "TestEnum" do
+      value :Default, 0
+      value :A, 1
+      value :B, 2
+      value :C, 3
+    end
+
+    add_message "BadFieldNames" do
+      optional :dup, :int32, 1
+      optional :class, :int32, 2
+    end
+
+    add_message "MapMessage" do
+      map :map_string_int32, :string, :int32, 1
+      map :map_string_msg, :string, :message, 2, "TestMessage2"
+    end
+    add_message "MapMessageWireEquiv" do
+      repeated :map_string_int32, :message, 1, "MapMessageWireEquiv_entry1"
+      repeated :map_string_msg, :message, 2, "MapMessageWireEquiv_entry2"
+    end
+    add_message "MapMessageWireEquiv_entry1" do
+      optional :key, :string, 1
+      optional :value, :int32, 2
+    end
+    add_message "MapMessageWireEquiv_entry2" do
+      optional :key, :string, 1
+      optional :value, :message, 2, "TestMessage2"
+    end
+
+    add_message "OneofMessage" do
+      oneof :my_oneof do
+        optional :a, :string, 1
+        optional :b, :int32, 2
+        optional :c, :message, 3, "TestMessage2"
+        optional :d, :enum, 4, "TestEnum"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  Foo = pool.lookup("Foo").msgclass
+  Bar = pool.lookup("Bar").msgclass
+  Baz = pool.lookup("Baz").msgclass
+  TestMessage = pool.lookup("TestMessage").msgclass
+  TestMessage2 = pool.lookup("TestMessage2").msgclass
+  Recursive1 = pool.lookup("Recursive1").msgclass
+  Recursive2 = pool.lookup("Recursive2").msgclass
+  TestEnum = pool.lookup("TestEnum").enummodule
+  BadFieldNames = pool.lookup("BadFieldNames").msgclass
+  MapMessage = pool.lookup("MapMessage").msgclass
+  MapMessageWireEquiv = pool.lookup("MapMessageWireEquiv").msgclass
+  MapMessageWireEquiv_entry1 =
+    pool.lookup("MapMessageWireEquiv_entry1").msgclass
+  MapMessageWireEquiv_entry2 =
+    pool.lookup("MapMessageWireEquiv_entry2").msgclass
+  OneofMessage = pool.lookup("OneofMessage").msgclass
+
+# ------------ test cases ---------------
+
+  class MessageContainerTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+
+    def test_defaults
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      assert m.optional_int32 == 0
+      assert m.optional_int64 == 0
+      assert m.optional_uint32 == 0
+      assert m.optional_uint64 == 0
+      assert m.optional_bool == false
+      assert m.optional_float == 0.0
+      assert m.optional_double == 0.0
+      assert m.optional_string == ""
+      assert m.optional_bytes == ""
+      assert m.optional_msg == nil
+      assert m.optional_enum == :Default
+    end
+
+    def test_setters
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      m.optional_int32 = -42
+      assert m.optional_int32 == -42
+      m.optional_int64 = -0x1_0000_0000
+      assert m.optional_int64 == -0x1_0000_0000
+      m.optional_uint32 = 0x9000_0000
+      assert m.optional_uint32 == 0x9000_0000
+      m.optional_uint64 = 0x9000_0000_0000_0000
+      assert m.optional_uint64 == 0x9000_0000_0000_0000
+      m.optional_bool = true
+      assert m.optional_bool == true
+      m.optional_float = 0.5
+      assert m.optional_float == 0.5
+      m.optional_double = 0.5
+      m.optional_string = "hello"
+      assert m.optional_string == "hello"
+      m.optional_bytes = "world".encode!('ASCII-8BIT')
+      assert m.optional_bytes == "world"
+      m.optional_msg = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42)
+      assert m.optional_msg == TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42)
+      m.optional_msg = nil
+      assert m.optional_msg == nil
+    end
+
+    def test_ctor_args
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => -42,
+                          :optional_msg => TestMessage2.new,
+                          :optional_enum => :C,
+                          :repeated_string => ["hello", "there", "world"])
+      assert m.optional_int32 == -42
+      assert m.optional_msg.class == TestMessage2
+      assert m.repeated_string.length == 3
+      assert m.optional_enum == :C
+      assert m.repeated_string[0] == "hello"
+      assert m.repeated_string[1] == "there"
+      assert m.repeated_string[2] == "world"
+    end
+
+    def test_inspect
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => -42,
+                          :optional_enum => :A,
+                          :optional_msg => TestMessage2.new,
+                          :repeated_string => ["hello", "there", "world"])
+      expected = '<BasicTest::TestMessage: optional_int32: -42, optional_int64: 0, optional_uint32: 0, optional_uint64: 0, optional_bool: false, optional_float: 0.0, optional_double: 0.0, optional_string: "", optional_bytes: "", optional_msg: <BasicTest::TestMessage2: foo: 0>, optional_enum: :A, repeated_int32: [], repeated_int64: [], repeated_uint32: [], repeated_uint64: [], repeated_bool: [], repeated_float: [], repeated_double: [], repeated_string: ["hello", "there", "world"], repeated_bytes: [], repeated_msg: [], repeated_enum: []>'
+      assert_equal expected, m.inspect
+    end
+
+    def test_hash
+      m1 = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42)
+      m2 = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 102)
+      assert m1.hash != 0
+      assert m2.hash != 0
+      # relying on the randomness here -- if hash function changes and we are
+      # unlucky enough to get a collision, then change the values above.
+      assert m1.hash != m2.hash
+    end
+
+    def test_unknown_field_errors
+      e = assert_raise NoMethodError do
+        TestMessage.new.hello
+      end
+      assert_match(/hello/, e.message)
+
+      e = assert_raise NoMethodError do
+        TestMessage.new.hello = "world"
+      end
+      assert_match(/hello/, e.message)
+    end
+
+    def test_initialization_map_errors
+      e = assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        TestMessage.new(:hello => "world")
+      end
+      assert_match(/hello/, e.message)
+
+      e = assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        MapMessage.new(:map_string_int32 => "hello")
+      end
+      assert_equal e.message, "Expected Hash object as initializer value for map field 'map_string_int32' (given String)."
+
+      e = assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        TestMessage.new(:repeated_uint32 => "hello")
+      end
+      assert_equal e.message, "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field 'repeated_uint32' (given String)."
+    end
+
+    def test_type_errors
+      m = TestMessage.new
+
+      # Use rescue to allow subclasses of error
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m.optional_int32 = "hello"
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m.optional_string = nil
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m.optional_bool = 42
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m.optional_msg = TestMessage.new  # expects TestMessage2
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m.repeated_int32 = []  # needs RepeatedField
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m.repeated_msg.push TestMessage.new
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+    end
+
+    def test_string_encoding
+      m = TestMessage.new
+
+      # Assigning a normal (ASCII or UTF8) string to a bytes field, or
+      # ASCII-8BIT to a string field will convert to the proper encoding.
+      m.optional_bytes = "Test string ASCII".encode!('ASCII')
+      assert m.optional_bytes.frozen?
+      assert_equal Encoding::ASCII_8BIT, m.optional_bytes.encoding
+      assert_equal "Test string ASCII", m.optional_bytes
+
+      assert_raise Encoding::UndefinedConversionError do
+        m.optional_bytes = "Test string UTF-8 \u0100".encode!('UTF-8')
+      end
+
+      assert_raise Encoding::UndefinedConversionError do
+        m.optional_string = ["FFFF"].pack('H*')
+      end
+
+      # "Ordinary" use case.
+      m.optional_bytes = ["FFFF"].pack('H*')
+      m.optional_string = "\u0100"
+
+      # strings are immutable so we can't do this, but serialize should catch it.
+      m.optional_string = "asdf".encode!('UTF-8')
+      assert_raise do
+        m.optional_string.encode!('ASCII-8BIT')
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_rptfield_int32
+      l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:int32)
+      assert l.count == 0
+      l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:int32, [1, 2, 3])
+      assert l.count == 3
+      assert_equal [1, 2, 3], l
+      assert_equal l, [1, 2, 3]
+      l.push 4
+      assert l == [1, 2, 3, 4]
+      dst_list = []
+      l.each { |val| dst_list.push val }
+      assert dst_list == [1, 2, 3, 4]
+      assert l.to_a == [1, 2, 3, 4]
+      assert l[0] == 1
+      assert l[3] == 4
+      l[0] = 5
+      assert l == [5, 2, 3, 4]
+
+      l2 = l.dup
+      assert l == l2
+      assert l.object_id != l2.object_id
+      l2.push 6
+      assert l.count == 4
+      assert l2.count == 5
+
+      assert l.inspect == '[5, 2, 3, 4]'
+
+      l.concat([7, 8, 9])
+      assert l == [5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9]
+      assert l.pop == 9
+      assert l == [5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8]
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m = TestMessage.new
+        l.push m
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      m.repeated_int32 = l
+      assert m.repeated_int32 == [5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8]
+      assert m.repeated_int32.object_id == l.object_id
+      l.push 42
+      assert m.repeated_int32.pop == 42
+
+      l3 = l + l.dup
+      assert l3.count == l.count * 2
+      l.count.times do |i|
+        assert l3[i] == l[i]
+        assert l3[l.count + i] == l[i]
+      end
+
+      l.clear
+      assert l.count == 0
+      l += [1, 2, 3, 4]
+      l.replace([5, 6, 7, 8])
+      assert l == [5, 6, 7, 8]
+
+      l4 = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:int32)
+      l4[5] = 42
+      assert l4 == [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42]
+
+      l4 << 100
+      assert l4 == [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 100]
+      l4 << 101 << 102
+      assert l4 == [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 100, 101, 102]
+    end
+
+    def test_parent_rptfield
+      #make sure we set the RepeatedField and can add to it
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      assert m.repeated_string == []
+      m.repeated_string << 'ok'
+      m.repeated_string.push('ok2')
+      assert m.repeated_string == ['ok', 'ok2']
+      m.repeated_string += ['ok3']
+      assert m.repeated_string == ['ok', 'ok2', 'ok3']
+    end
+
+    def test_rptfield_msg
+      l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:message, TestMessage)
+      l.push TestMessage.new
+      assert l.count == 1
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        l.push TestMessage2.new
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        l.push 42
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      l2 = l.dup
+      assert l2[0] == l[0]
+      assert l2[0].object_id == l[0].object_id
+
+      l2 = Google::Protobuf.deep_copy(l)
+      assert l2[0] == l[0]
+      assert l2[0].object_id != l[0].object_id
+
+      l3 = l + l2
+      assert l3.count == 2
+      assert l3[0] == l[0]
+      assert l3[1] == l2[0]
+      l3[0].optional_int32 = 1000
+      assert l[0].optional_int32 == 1000
+
+      new_msg = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 200)
+      l4 = l + [new_msg]
+      assert l4.count == 2
+      new_msg.optional_int32 = 1000
+      assert l4[1].optional_int32 == 1000
+    end
+
+    def test_rptfield_enum
+      l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:enum, TestEnum)
+      l.push :A
+      l.push :B
+      l.push :C
+      assert l.count == 3
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        l.push :D
+      end
+      assert l[0] == :A
+
+      l.push 4
+      assert l[3] == 4
+    end
+
+    def test_rptfield_initialize
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new
+      end
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:message)
+      end
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new([1, 2, 3])
+      end
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:message, [TestMessage2.new])
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_rptfield_array_ducktyping
+      l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:int32)
+      length_methods = %w(count length size)
+      length_methods.each do |lm|
+        assert l.send(lm)  == 0
+      end
+      # out of bounds returns a nil
+      assert l[0] == nil
+      assert l[1] == nil
+      assert l[-1] == nil
+      l.push 4
+      length_methods.each do |lm|
+        assert l.send(lm) == 1
+      end
+      assert l[0] == 4
+      assert l[1] == nil
+      assert l[-1] == 4
+      assert l[-2] == nil
+
+      l.push 2
+      length_methods.each do |lm|
+        assert l.send(lm) == 2
+      end
+      assert l[0] == 4
+      assert l[1] == 2
+      assert l[2] == nil
+      assert l[-1] == 2
+      assert l[-2] == 4
+      assert l[-3] == nil
+
+      #adding out of scope will backfill with empty objects
+    end
+
+    def test_map_basic
+      # allowed key types:
+      # :int32, :int64, :uint32, :uint64, :bool, :string, :bytes.
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int32)
+      m["asdf"] = 1
+      assert m["asdf"] == 1
+      m["jkl;"] = 42
+      assert m == { "jkl;" => 42, "asdf" => 1 }
+      assert m.has_key?("asdf")
+      assert !m.has_key?("qwerty")
+      assert m.length == 2
+
+      m2 = m.dup
+      assert m == m2
+      assert m.hash != 0
+      assert m.hash == m2.hash
+
+      collected = {}
+      m.each { |k,v| collected[v] = k }
+      assert collected == { 42 => "jkl;", 1 => "asdf" }
+
+      assert m.delete("asdf") == 1
+      assert !m.has_key?("asdf")
+      assert m["asdf"] == nil
+      assert !m.has_key?("asdf")
+
+      # We only assert on inspect value when there is one map entry because the
+      # order in which elements appear is unspecified (depends on the internal
+      # hash function). We don't want a brittle test.
+      assert m.inspect == "{\"jkl;\"=>42}"
+
+      assert m.keys == ["jkl;"]
+      assert m.values == [42]
+
+      m.clear
+      assert m.length == 0
+      assert m == {}
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m[1] = 1
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m["asdf"] = 0x1_0000_0000
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_map_ctor
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int32,
+                                    {"a" => 1, "b" => 2, "c" => 3})
+      assert m == {"a" => 1, "c" => 3, "b" => 2}
+    end
+
+    def test_map_keytypes
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:int32, :int32)
+      m[1] = 42
+      m[-1] = 42
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m[0x8000_0000] = 1
+      end
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m["asdf"] = 1
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:int64, :int32)
+      m[0x1000_0000_0000_0000] = 1
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m[0x1_0000_0000_0000_0000] = 1
+      end
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m["asdf"] = 1
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:uint32, :int32)
+      m[0x8000_0000] = 1
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m[0x1_0000_0000] = 1
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m[-1] = 1
+      end
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:uint64, :int32)
+      m[0x8000_0000_0000_0000] = 1
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m[0x1_0000_0000_0000_0000] = 1
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m[-1] = 1
+      end
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:bool, :int32)
+      m[true] = 1
+      m[false] = 2
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m[1] = 1
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m["asdf"] = 1
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int32)
+      m["asdf"] = 1
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m[1] = 1
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+      assert_raise Encoding::UndefinedConversionError do
+        bytestring = ["FFFF"].pack("H*")
+        m[bytestring] = 1
+      end
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:bytes, :int32)
+      bytestring = ["FFFF"].pack("H*")
+      m[bytestring] = 1
+      # Allowed -- we will automatically convert to ASCII-8BIT.
+      m["asdf"] = 1
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m[1] = 1
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+    end
+
+    def test_map_msg_enum_valuetypes
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :message, TestMessage)
+      m["asdf"] = TestMessage.new
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m["jkl;"] = TestMessage2.new
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(
+        :string, :message, TestMessage,
+        { "a" => TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42),
+          "b" => TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 84) })
+      assert m.length == 2
+      assert m.values.map{|msg| msg.optional_int32}.sort == [42, 84]
+
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :enum, TestEnum,
+                                    { "x" => :A, "y" => :B, "z" => :C })
+      assert m.length == 3
+      assert m["z"] == :C
+      m["z"] = 2
+      assert m["z"] == :B
+      m["z"] = 4
+      assert m["z"] == 4
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m["z"] = :Z
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m["z"] = "z"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_map_dup_deep_copy
+      m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(
+        :string, :message, TestMessage,
+        { "a" => TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42),
+          "b" => TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 84) })
+
+      m2 = m.dup
+      assert m == m2
+      assert m.object_id != m2.object_id
+      assert m["a"].object_id == m2["a"].object_id
+      assert m["b"].object_id == m2["b"].object_id
+
+      m2 = Google::Protobuf.deep_copy(m)
+      assert m == m2
+      assert m.object_id != m2.object_id
+      assert m["a"].object_id != m2["a"].object_id
+      assert m["b"].object_id != m2["b"].object_id
+    end
+
+    def test_map_field
+      m = MapMessage.new
+      assert m.map_string_int32 == {}
+      assert m.map_string_msg == {}
+
+      m = MapMessage.new(
+        :map_string_int32 => {"a" => 1, "b" => 2},
+        :map_string_msg => {"a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                            "b" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)})
+      assert m.map_string_int32.keys.sort == ["a", "b"]
+      assert m.map_string_int32["a"] == 1
+      assert m.map_string_msg["b"].foo == 2
+
+      m.map_string_int32["c"] = 3
+      assert m.map_string_int32["c"] == 3
+      m.map_string_msg["c"] = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 3)
+      assert m.map_string_msg["c"] == TestMessage2.new(:foo => 3)
+      m.map_string_msg.delete("b")
+      m.map_string_msg.delete("c")
+      assert m.map_string_msg == { "a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1) }
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m.map_string_msg["e"] = TestMessage.new # wrong value type
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+      # ensure nothing was added by the above
+      assert m.map_string_msg == { "a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1) }
+
+      m.map_string_int32 = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int32)
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m.map_string_int32 = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int64)
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m.map_string_int32 = {}
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+
+      success = false
+      begin
+        m = MapMessage.new(:map_string_int32 => { 1 => "I am not a number" })
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+    end
+
+    def test_map_encode_decode
+      m = MapMessage.new(
+        :map_string_int32 => {"a" => 1, "b" => 2},
+        :map_string_msg => {"a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                            "b" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)})
+      m2 = MapMessage.decode(MapMessage.encode(m))
+      assert m == m2
+
+      m3 = MapMessageWireEquiv.decode(MapMessage.encode(m))
+      assert m3.map_string_int32.length == 2
+
+      kv = {}
+      m3.map_string_int32.map { |msg| kv[msg.key] = msg.value }
+      assert kv == {"a" => 1, "b" => 2}
+
+      kv = {}
+      m3.map_string_msg.map { |msg| kv[msg.key] = msg.value }
+      assert kv == {"a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                    "b" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)}
+    end
+
+    def test_oneof_descriptors
+      d = OneofMessage.descriptor
+      o = d.lookup_oneof("my_oneof")
+      assert o != nil
+      assert o.class == Google::Protobuf::OneofDescriptor
+      assert o.name == "my_oneof"
+      oneof_count = 0
+      d.each_oneof{ |oneof|
+        oneof_count += 1
+        assert oneof == o
+      }
+      assert oneof_count == 1
+      assert o.count == 4
+      field_names = o.map{|f| f.name}.sort
+      assert field_names == ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+    end
+
+    def test_oneof
+      d = OneofMessage.new
+      assert d.a == ""
+      assert d.b == 0
+      assert d.c == nil
+      assert d.d == :Default
+      assert d.my_oneof == nil
+
+      d.a = "hi"
+      assert d.a == "hi"
+      assert d.b == 0
+      assert d.c == nil
+      assert d.d == :Default
+      assert d.my_oneof == :a
+
+      d.b = 42
+      assert d.a == ""
+      assert d.b == 42
+      assert d.c == nil
+      assert d.d == :Default
+      assert d.my_oneof == :b
+
+      d.c = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 100)
+      assert d.a == ""
+      assert d.b == 0
+      assert d.c.foo == 100
+      assert d.d == :Default
+      assert d.my_oneof == :c
+
+      d.d = :C
+      assert d.a == ""
+      assert d.b == 0
+      assert d.c == nil
+      assert d.d == :C
+      assert d.my_oneof == :d
+
+      d2 = OneofMessage.decode(OneofMessage.encode(d))
+      assert d2 == d
+
+      encoded_field_a = OneofMessage.encode(OneofMessage.new(:a => "string"))
+      encoded_field_b = OneofMessage.encode(OneofMessage.new(:b => 1000))
+      encoded_field_c = OneofMessage.encode(
+        OneofMessage.new(:c => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1)))
+      encoded_field_d = OneofMessage.encode(OneofMessage.new(:d => :B))
+
+      d3 = OneofMessage.decode(
+        encoded_field_c + encoded_field_a + encoded_field_d)
+      assert d3.a == ""
+      assert d3.b == 0
+      assert d3.c == nil
+      assert d3.d == :B
+
+      d4 = OneofMessage.decode(
+        encoded_field_c + encoded_field_a + encoded_field_d +
+        encoded_field_c)
+      assert d4.a == ""
+      assert d4.b == 0
+      assert d4.c.foo == 1
+      assert d4.d == :Default
+
+      d5 = OneofMessage.new(:a => "hello")
+      assert d5.a == "hello"
+      d5.a = nil
+      assert d5.a == ""
+      assert OneofMessage.encode(d5) == ''
+      assert d5.my_oneof == nil
+    end
+
+    def test_enum_field
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      assert m.optional_enum == :Default
+      m.optional_enum = :A
+      assert m.optional_enum == :A
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_enum = :ASDF
+      end
+      m.optional_enum = 1
+      assert m.optional_enum == :A
+      m.optional_enum = 100
+      assert m.optional_enum == 100
+    end
+
+    def test_dup
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      m.optional_string = "hello"
+      m.optional_int32 = 42
+      tm1 = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 100)
+      tm2 = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 200)
+      m.repeated_msg.push tm1
+      assert m.repeated_msg[-1] == tm1
+      m.repeated_msg.push tm2
+      assert m.repeated_msg[-1] == tm2
+      m2 = m.dup
+      assert m == m2
+      m.optional_int32 += 1
+      assert m != m2
+      assert m.repeated_msg[0] == m2.repeated_msg[0]
+      assert m.repeated_msg[0].object_id == m2.repeated_msg[0].object_id
+    end
+
+    def test_deep_copy
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42,
+                          :repeated_msg => [TestMessage2.new(:foo => 100)])
+      m2 = Google::Protobuf.deep_copy(m)
+      assert m == m2
+      assert m.repeated_msg == m2.repeated_msg
+      assert m.repeated_msg.object_id != m2.repeated_msg.object_id
+      assert m.repeated_msg[0].object_id != m2.repeated_msg[0].object_id
+    end
+
+    def test_eq
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42,
+                          :repeated_int32 => [1, 2, 3])
+      m2 = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 43,
+                           :repeated_int32 => [1, 2, 3])
+      assert m != m2
+    end
+
+    def test_enum_lookup
+      assert TestEnum::A == 1
+      assert TestEnum::B == 2
+      assert TestEnum::C == 3
+
+      assert TestEnum::lookup(1) == :A
+      assert TestEnum::lookup(2) == :B
+      assert TestEnum::lookup(3) == :C
+
+      assert TestEnum::resolve(:A) == 1
+      assert TestEnum::resolve(:B) == 2
+      assert TestEnum::resolve(:C) == 3
+    end
+
+    def test_parse_serialize
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42,
+                          :optional_string => "hello world",
+                          :optional_enum => :B,
+                          :repeated_string => ["a", "b", "c"],
+                          :repeated_int32 => [42, 43, 44],
+                          :repeated_enum => [:A, :B, :C, 100],
+                          :repeated_msg => [TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                                            TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)])
+      data = TestMessage.encode m
+      m2 = TestMessage.decode data
+      assert m == m2
+
+      data = Google::Protobuf.encode m
+      m2 = Google::Protobuf.decode(TestMessage, data)
+      assert m == m2
+    end
+
+    def test_encode_decode_helpers
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'])
+      assert_equal 'foo', m.optional_string
+      assert_equal ['bar1', 'bar2'], m.repeated_string
+
+      json = m.to_json
+      m2 = TestMessage.decode_json(json)
+      assert_equal 'foo', m2.optional_string
+      assert_equal ['bar1', 'bar2'], m2.repeated_string
+      if RUBY_PLATFORM != "java"
+        assert m2.optional_string.frozen?
+        assert m2.repeated_string[0].frozen?
+      end
+
+      proto = m.to_proto
+      m2 = TestMessage.decode(proto)
+      assert_equal 'foo', m2.optional_string
+      assert_equal ['bar1', 'bar2'], m2.repeated_string
+    end
+
+    def test_protobuf_encode_decode_helpers
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'])
+      encoded_msg = Google::Protobuf.encode(m)
+      assert_equal m.to_proto, encoded_msg
+
+      decoded_msg = Google::Protobuf.decode(TestMessage, encoded_msg)
+      assert_equal TestMessage.decode(m.to_proto), decoded_msg
+    end
+
+    def test_protobuf_encode_decode_json_helpers
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'])
+      encoded_msg = Google::Protobuf.encode_json(m)
+      assert_equal m.to_json, encoded_msg
+
+      decoded_msg = Google::Protobuf.decode_json(TestMessage, encoded_msg)
+      assert_equal TestMessage.decode_json(m.to_json), decoded_msg
+    end
+
+    def test_to_h
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_bool => true, :optional_double => -10.100001, :optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'])
+      expected_result = {
+        :optional_bool=>true,
+        :optional_bytes=>"",
+        :optional_double=>-10.100001,
+        :optional_enum=>:Default,
+        :optional_float=>0.0,
+        :optional_int32=>0,
+        :optional_int64=>0,
+        :optional_msg=>nil,
+        :optional_string=>"foo",
+        :optional_uint32=>0,
+        :optional_uint64=>0,
+        :repeated_bool=>[],
+        :repeated_bytes=>[],
+        :repeated_double=>[],
+        :repeated_enum=>[],
+        :repeated_float=>[],
+        :repeated_int32=>[],
+        :repeated_int64=>[],
+        :repeated_msg=>[],
+        :repeated_string=>["bar1", "bar2"],
+        :repeated_uint32=>[],
+        :repeated_uint64=>[]
+      }
+      assert_equal expected_result, m.to_h
+    end
+
+
+    def test_def_errors
+      s = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.new
+      success = false
+      begin
+        s.build do
+          # enum with no default (integer value 0)
+          add_enum "MyEnum" do
+            value :A, 1
+          end
+        end
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+      success = false
+      begin
+        s.build do
+          # message with required field (unsupported in proto3)
+          add_message "MyMessage" do
+            required :foo, :int32, 1
+          end
+        end
+      rescue TypeError
+        success = true
+      end
+      assert(success)
+    end
+
+    def test_corecursive
+      # just be sure that we can instantiate types with corecursive field-type
+      # references.
+      m = Recursive1.new(:foo => Recursive2.new(:foo => Recursive1.new))
+      assert Recursive1.descriptor.lookup("foo").subtype ==
+        Recursive2.descriptor
+      assert Recursive2.descriptor.lookup("foo").subtype ==
+        Recursive1.descriptor
+
+      serialized = Recursive1.encode(m)
+      m2 = Recursive1.decode(serialized)
+      assert m == m2
+    end
+
+    def test_serialize_cycle
+      m = Recursive1.new(:foo => Recursive2.new)
+      m.foo.foo = m
+      assert_raise RuntimeError do
+        serialized = Recursive1.encode(m)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_bad_field_names
+      m = BadFieldNames.new(:dup => 1, :class => 2)
+      m2 = m.dup
+      assert m == m2
+      assert m['dup'] == 1
+      assert m['class'] == 2
+      m['dup'] = 3
+      assert m['dup'] == 3
+    end
+
+    def test_int_ranges
+      m = TestMessage.new
+
+      m.optional_int32 = 0
+      m.optional_int32 = -0x8000_0000
+      m.optional_int32 = +0x7fff_ffff
+      m.optional_int32 = 1.0
+      m.optional_int32 = -1.0
+      m.optional_int32 = 2e9
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int32 = -0x8000_0001
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int32 = +0x8000_0000
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int32 = +0x1000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 # force Bignum
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int32 = 1e12
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int32 = 1.5
+      end
+
+      m.optional_uint32 = 0
+      m.optional_uint32 = +0xffff_ffff
+      m.optional_uint32 = 1.0
+      m.optional_uint32 = 4e9
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = -1
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = -1.5
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = -1.5e12
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = -0x1000_0000_0000_0000
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = +0x1_0000_0000
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = +0x1000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 # force Bignum
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = 1e12
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint32 = 1.5
+      end
+
+      m.optional_int64 = 0
+      m.optional_int64 = -0x8000_0000_0000_0000
+      m.optional_int64 = +0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffff
+      m.optional_int64 = 1.0
+      m.optional_int64 = -1.0
+      m.optional_int64 = 8e18
+      m.optional_int64 = -8e18
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int64 = -0x8000_0000_0000_0001
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int64 = +0x8000_0000_0000_0000
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int64 = +0x1000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 # force Bignum
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int64 = 1e50
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_int64 = 1.5
+      end
+
+      m.optional_uint64 = 0
+      m.optional_uint64 = +0xffff_ffff_ffff_ffff
+      m.optional_uint64 = 1.0
+      m.optional_uint64 = 16e18
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = -1
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = -1.5
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = -1.5e12
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = -0x1_0000_0000_0000_0000
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = +0x1_0000_0000_0000_0000
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = +0x1000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 # force Bignum
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = 1e50
+      end
+      assert_raise RangeError do
+        m.optional_uint64 = 1.5
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_stress_test
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      m.optional_int32 = 42
+      m.optional_int64 = 0x100000000
+      m.optional_string = "hello world"
+      10.times do m.repeated_msg.push TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42) end
+      10.times do m.repeated_string.push "hello world" end
+
+      data = TestMessage.encode(m)
+
+      l = 0
+      10_000.times do
+        m = TestMessage.decode(data)
+        data_new = TestMessage.encode(m)
+        assert data_new == data
+        data = data_new
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_reflection
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 1234)
+      msgdef = m.class.descriptor
+      assert msgdef.class == Google::Protobuf::Descriptor
+      assert msgdef.any? {|field| field.name == "optional_int32"}
+      optional_int32 = msgdef.lookup "optional_int32"
+      assert optional_int32.class == Google::Protobuf::FieldDescriptor
+      assert optional_int32 != nil
+      assert optional_int32.name == "optional_int32"
+      assert optional_int32.type == :int32
+      optional_int32.set(m, 5678)
+      assert m.optional_int32 == 5678
+      m.optional_int32 = 1000
+      assert optional_int32.get(m) == 1000
+
+      optional_msg = msgdef.lookup "optional_msg"
+      assert optional_msg.subtype == TestMessage2.descriptor
+
+      optional_msg.set(m, optional_msg.subtype.msgclass.new)
+
+      assert msgdef.msgclass == TestMessage
+
+      optional_enum = msgdef.lookup "optional_enum"
+      assert optional_enum.subtype == TestEnum.descriptor
+      assert optional_enum.subtype.class == Google::Protobuf::EnumDescriptor
+      optional_enum.subtype.each do |k, v|
+        # set with integer, check resolution to symbolic name
+        optional_enum.set(m, v)
+        assert optional_enum.get(m) == k
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_json
+      # TODO: Fix JSON in JRuby version.
+      return if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 1234,
+                          :optional_int64 => -0x1_0000_0000,
+                          :optional_uint32 => 0x8000_0000,
+                          :optional_uint64 => 0xffff_ffff_ffff_ffff,
+                          :optional_bool => true,
+                          :optional_float => 1.0,
+                          :optional_double => -1e100,
+                          :optional_string => "Test string",
+                          :optional_bytes => ["FFFFFFFF"].pack('H*'),
+                          :optional_msg => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42),
+                          :repeated_int32 => [1, 2, 3, 4],
+                          :repeated_string => ["a", "b", "c"],
+                          :repeated_bool => [true, false, true, false],
+                          :repeated_msg => [TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                                            TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)])
+
+      json_text = TestMessage.encode_json(m)
+      m2 = TestMessage.decode_json(json_text)
+      assert m == m2
+
+      # Crash case from GitHub issue 283.
+      bar = Bar.new(msg: "bar")
+      baz1 = Baz.new(msg: "baz")
+      baz2 = Baz.new(msg: "quux")
+      Foo.encode_json(Foo.new)
+      Foo.encode_json(Foo.new(bar: bar))
+      Foo.encode_json(Foo.new(bar: bar, baz: [baz1, baz2]))
+    end
+
+    def test_json_maps
+      # TODO: Fix JSON in JRuby version.
+      return if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+      m = MapMessage.new(:map_string_int32 => {"a" => 1})
+      expected = '{"mapStringInt32":{"a":1},"mapStringMsg":{}}'
+      expected_preserve = '{"map_string_int32":{"a":1},"map_string_msg":{}}'
+      assert MapMessage.encode_json(m) == expected
+
+      json = MapMessage.encode_json(m, :preserve_proto_fieldnames => true)
+      assert json == expected_preserve
+
+      m2 = MapMessage.decode_json(MapMessage.encode_json(m))
+      assert m == m2
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/generated_code.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/generated_code.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62fd83ed8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/generated_code.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package a.b.c;
+
+message TestMessage {
+  int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  bool optional_bool = 5;
+  double optional_double = 6;
+  float optional_float = 7;
+  string optional_string = 8;
+  bytes optional_bytes = 9;
+  TestEnum optional_enum = 10;
+  TestMessage optional_msg = 11;
+
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 21;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 22;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 23;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 24;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 25;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 26;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 27;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 28;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 29;
+  repeated TestEnum repeated_enum = 30;
+  repeated TestMessage repeated_msg = 31;
+
+  oneof my_oneof {
+    int32 oneof_int32 = 41;
+    int64 oneof_int64 = 42;
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 43;
+    uint64 oneof_uint64 = 44;
+    bool oneof_bool = 45;
+    double oneof_double = 46;
+    float oneof_float = 47;
+    string oneof_string = 48;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 49;
+    TestEnum oneof_enum = 50;
+    TestMessage oneof_msg = 51;
+  }
+
+  map<int32, string> map_int32_string = 61;
+  map<int64, string> map_int64_string = 62;
+  map<uint32, string> map_uint32_string = 63;
+  map<uint64, string> map_uint64_string = 64;
+  map<bool, string> map_bool_string = 65;
+  map<string, string> map_string_string = 66;
+  map<string, TestMessage> map_string_msg = 67;
+  map<string, TestEnum> map_string_enum = 68;
+  map<string, int32> map_string_int32 = 69;
+  map<string, bool> map_string_bool = 70;
+
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 foo = 1;
+  }
+
+  NestedMessage nested_message = 80;
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  Default = 0;
+  A = 1;
+  B = 2;
+  C = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/generated_code_test.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/generated_code_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b92b0462d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/generated_code_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+# generated_code.rb is in the same directory as this test.
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)))
+
+require 'generated_code_pb'
+require 'test_import_pb'
+require 'test/unit'
+
+class GeneratedCodeTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def test_generated_msg
+    # just test that we can instantiate the message. The purpose of this test
+    # is to ensure that the output of the code generator is valid Ruby and
+    # successfully creates message definitions and classes, not to test every
+    # aspect of the extension (basic.rb is for that).
+    m = A::B::C::TestMessage.new()
+    m2 = FooBar::TestImportedMessage.new()
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/repeated_field_test.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/repeated_field_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ebb731a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/repeated_field_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+require 'google/protobuf'
+require 'test/unit'
+
+class RepeatedFieldTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+
+  def test_acts_like_enumerator
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    (Enumerable.instance_methods - TestMessage.new.repeated_string.methods).each do |method_name|
+      assert m.repeated_string.respond_to?(method_name) == true, "does not respond to #{method_name}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_acts_like_an_array
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    arr_methods = ([].methods - TestMessage.new.repeated_string.methods)
+    # jRuby additions to the Array class that we can ignore
+    arr_methods -= [ :indices, :iter_for_each, :iter_for_each_index,
+      :iter_for_each_with_index, :dimensions, :copy_data, :copy_data_simple,
+      :nitems, :iter_for_reverse_each, :indexes, :append, :prepend]
+    arr_methods -= [:union, :difference, :filter!]
+    arr_methods.each do |method_name|
+      assert m.repeated_string.respond_to?(method_name) == true, "does not respond to #{method_name}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_first
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    repeated_field_names(TestMessage).each do |field_name|
+      assert_nil m.send(field_name).first
+    end
+    fill_test_msg(m)
+    assert_equal -10, m.repeated_int32.first
+    assert_equal -1_000_000, m.repeated_int64.first
+    assert_equal 10, m.repeated_uint32.first
+    assert_equal 1_000_000, m.repeated_uint64.first
+    assert_equal true, m.repeated_bool.first
+    assert_equal -1.01,  m.repeated_float.first.round(2)
+    assert_equal -1.0000000000001, m.repeated_double.first
+    assert_equal 'foo', m.repeated_string.first
+    assert_equal "bar".encode!('ASCII-8BIT'), m.repeated_bytes.first
+    assert_equal TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1), m.repeated_msg.first
+    assert_equal :A, m.repeated_enum.first
+  end
+
+
+  def test_last
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    repeated_field_names(TestMessage).each do |field_name|
+      assert_nil m.send(field_name).first
+    end
+    fill_test_msg(m)
+    assert_equal -11, m.repeated_int32.last
+    assert_equal -1_000_001, m.repeated_int64.last
+    assert_equal 11, m.repeated_uint32.last
+    assert_equal 1_000_001, m.repeated_uint64.last
+    assert_equal false, m.repeated_bool.last
+    assert_equal -1.02, m.repeated_float.last.round(2)
+    assert_equal -1.0000000000002, m.repeated_double.last
+    assert_equal 'bar', m.repeated_string.last
+    assert_equal "foo".encode!('ASCII-8BIT'), m.repeated_bytes.last
+    assert_equal TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2), m.repeated_msg.last
+    assert_equal :B, m.repeated_enum.last
+  end
+
+
+  def test_pop
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    repeated_field_names(TestMessage).each do |field_name|
+      assert_nil m.send(field_name).pop
+    end
+    fill_test_msg(m)
+
+    assert_equal -11, m.repeated_int32.pop
+    assert_equal -10, m.repeated_int32.pop
+    assert_equal -1_000_001, m.repeated_int64.pop
+    assert_equal -1_000_000, m.repeated_int64.pop
+    assert_equal 11, m.repeated_uint32.pop
+    assert_equal 10, m.repeated_uint32.pop
+    assert_equal 1_000_001, m.repeated_uint64.pop
+    assert_equal 1_000_000, m.repeated_uint64.pop
+    assert_equal false, m.repeated_bool.pop
+    assert_equal true, m.repeated_bool.pop
+    assert_equal -1.02,  m.repeated_float.pop.round(2)
+    assert_equal -1.01,  m.repeated_float.pop.round(2)
+    assert_equal -1.0000000000002, m.repeated_double.pop
+    assert_equal -1.0000000000001, m.repeated_double.pop
+    assert_equal 'bar', m.repeated_string.pop
+    assert_equal 'foo', m.repeated_string.pop
+    assert_equal "foo".encode!('ASCII-8BIT'), m.repeated_bytes.pop
+    assert_equal "bar".encode!('ASCII-8BIT'), m.repeated_bytes.pop
+    assert_equal TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2), m.repeated_msg.pop
+    assert_equal TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1), m.repeated_msg.pop
+    assert_equal :B, m.repeated_enum.pop
+    assert_equal :A, m.repeated_enum.pop
+    repeated_field_names(TestMessage).each do |field_name|
+      assert_nil m.send(field_name).pop
+    end
+
+    fill_test_msg(m)
+    assert_equal ['bar', 'foo'], m.repeated_string.pop(2)
+    assert_nil m.repeated_string.pop
+  end
+
+
+  def test_each
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    5.times{|i| m.repeated_string << 'string' }
+    count = 0
+    m.repeated_string.each do |val|
+      assert_equal 'string', val
+      count += 1
+    end
+    assert_equal 5, count
+    result = m.repeated_string.each{|val| val + '_junk'}
+    assert_equal ['string'] * 5, result
+  end
+
+
+  def test_empty?
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    assert_equal true, m.repeated_string.empty?
+    m.repeated_string << 'foo'
+    assert_equal false, m.repeated_string.empty?
+    m.repeated_string << 'bar'
+    assert_equal false, m.repeated_string.empty?
+  end
+
+  def test_array_accessor
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[1]
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[-2]
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[20]
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[1, 2]
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[0..2]
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[-1, 1]
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[10, 12]
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_array_settor
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[1] = 'junk'
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[-2] = 'snappy'
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[3] = ''
+    end
+    # slight deviation; we are strongly typed, and nil is not allowed
+    # for string types;
+    m.repeated_string[5] = 'spacious'
+    assert_equal ["foo", "snappy", "baz", "", "", "spacious"], m.repeated_string
+
+    #make sure it sests the default types for other fields besides strings
+    %w(repeated_int32 repeated_int64 repeated_uint32 repeated_uint64).each do |field_name|
+      m.send(field_name)[3] = 10
+      assert_equal [0,0,0,10], m.send(field_name)
+    end
+    m.repeated_float[3] = 10.1
+    #wonky mri float handling
+    assert_equal [0,0,0], m.repeated_float.to_a[0..2]
+    assert_equal 10.1, m.repeated_float[3].round(1)
+    m.repeated_double[3] = 10.1
+    assert_equal [0,0,0,10.1], m.repeated_double
+    m.repeated_bool[3] = true
+    assert_equal [false, false, false, true], m.repeated_bool
+    m.repeated_bytes[3] = "bar".encode!('ASCII-8BIT')
+    assert_equal ['', '', '', "bar".encode!('ASCII-8BIT')], m.repeated_bytes
+    m.repeated_msg[3] = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1)
+    assert_equal [nil, nil, nil, TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1)], m.repeated_msg
+    m.repeated_enum[3] = :A
+    assert_equal [:Default, :Default, :Default, :A], m.repeated_enum
+
+    # check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+    #   arr[20] = 'spacious'
+    # end
+    # TODO: accessor doesn't allow other ruby-like methods
+    # check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+    #   arr[1, 2] = 'fizz'
+    # end
+    # check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+    #   arr[0..2] = 'buzz'
+    # end
+  end
+
+  def test_push
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.push('fizz')
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr << 'fizz'
+    end
+    #TODO: push should support multiple
+    # check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+    #   arr.push('fizz', 'buzz')
+    # end
+  end
+
+  def test_clear
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.clear
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_concat
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    m.repeated_string.concat(['fizz', 'buzz'])
+    assert_equal %w(foo bar baz fizz buzz), m.repeated_string
+    #TODO: concat should return the orig array
+    # check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+    #   arr.concat(['fizz', 'buzz'])
+    # end
+  end
+
+  def test_equal
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    assert_equal reference_arr, m.repeated_string
+    reference_arr << 'fizz'
+    assert_not_equal reference_arr, m.repeated_string
+    m.repeated_string << 'fizz'
+    assert_equal reference_arr, m.repeated_string
+  end
+
+  def test_hash
+    # just a sanity check
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    assert m.repeated_string.hash.is_a?(Integer)
+    hash = m.repeated_string.hash
+    assert_equal hash, m.repeated_string.hash
+    m.repeated_string << 'j'
+    assert_not_equal hash, m.repeated_string.hash
+  end
+
+  def test_plus
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr + ['fizz', 'buzz']
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr += ['fizz', 'buzz']
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_replace
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.replace(['fizz', 'buzz'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_to_a
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_to_ary
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.to_ary
+    end
+  end
+
+  # emulate Array behavior
+  ##########################
+
+  def test_collect!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.collect!{|x| x + "!" }
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.collect!.with_index{|x, i| x[0...i] }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_compact!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    m.repeated_msg << TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1)
+    m.repeated_msg << nil
+    m.repeated_msg << TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)
+    reference_arr = m.repeated_string.to_a
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.compact!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_delete
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.delete('bar')
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.delete('nope')
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.delete('nope'){'within'}
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_delete_at
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.delete_at(2)
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.delete_at(10)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_fill
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.fill("x")
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.fill("z", 2, 2)
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.fill("y", 0..1)
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.fill { |i| (i*i).to_s }
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.fill(-2) { |i| (i*i*i).to_s }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_flatten!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.flatten!
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.flatten!(1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_insert
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.insert(2, 'fizz')
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.insert(3, 'fizz', 'buzz', 'bazz')
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_inspect
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    assert_equal '[]', m.repeated_string.inspect
+    m.repeated_string << 'foo'
+    assert_equal m.repeated_string.to_a.inspect, m.repeated_string.inspect
+    m.repeated_string << 'bar'
+    assert_equal m.repeated_string.to_a.inspect, m.repeated_string.inspect
+  end
+
+  def test_reverse!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.reverse!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_rotate!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.rotate!
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.rotate!(2)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_select!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.select! { |v| v =~ /[aeiou]/ }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_shift
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    # should return an element
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.shift
+    end
+    # should return an array
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.shift(2)
+    end
+    # should return nil
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.shift
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_shuffle!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    m.repeated_string += %w(foo bar baz)
+    orig_repeated_string = m.repeated_string.clone
+    result = m.repeated_string.shuffle!
+    assert_equal m.repeated_string, result
+    # NOTE: sometimes it doesn't change the order...
+    # assert_not_equal m.repeated_string.to_a, orig_repeated_string.to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_slice!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz bar fizz buzz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.slice!(2)
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.slice!(1,2)
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.slice!(0..1)
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.slice!(10)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_sort!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.sort!
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.sort! { |x,y| y <=> x }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_sort_by!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.sort_by!
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.sort_by!(&:hash)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_uniq!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.uniq!
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.uniq!{|s| s[0] }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_unshift
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.unshift('1')
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.unshift('a', 'b')
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.unshift('')
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  ##### HELPER METHODS
+
+  def check_self_modifying_method(repeated_field, ref_array)
+    expected_result = yield(ref_array)
+    actual_result = yield(repeated_field)
+    if expected_result.is_a?(Enumerator)
+      assert_equal expected_result.to_a, actual_result.to_a
+    else
+      assert_equal expected_result, actual_result
+    end
+    assert_equal ref_array, repeated_field
+  end
+
+
+  def repeated_field_names(klass)
+    klass.descriptor.find_all{|f| f.label == :repeated}.map(&:name)
+  end
+
+
+  def fill_test_msg(test_msg)
+    test_msg.repeated_int32  += [-10, -11]
+    test_msg.repeated_int64  += [-1_000_000, -1_000_001]
+    test_msg.repeated_uint32 += [10, 11]
+    test_msg.repeated_uint64 += [1_000_000, 1_000_001]
+    test_msg.repeated_bool   += [true, false]
+    test_msg.repeated_float  += [-1.01, -1.02]
+    test_msg.repeated_double += [-1.0000000000001, -1.0000000000002]
+    test_msg.repeated_string += %w(foo bar)
+    test_msg.repeated_bytes  += ["bar".encode!('ASCII-8BIT'), "foo".encode!('ASCII-8BIT')]
+    test_msg.repeated_msg    << TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1)
+    test_msg.repeated_msg    << TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)
+    test_msg.repeated_enum   << :A
+    test_msg.repeated_enum   << :B
+  end
+
+
+  pool = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.new
+  pool.build do
+
+    add_message "TestMessage" do
+      optional :optional_int32,  :int32,        1
+      optional :optional_int64,  :int64,        2
+      optional :optional_uint32, :uint32,       3
+      optional :optional_uint64, :uint64,       4
+      optional :optional_bool,   :bool,         5
+      optional :optional_float,  :float,        6
+      optional :optional_double, :double,       7
+      optional :optional_string, :string,       8
+      optional :optional_bytes,  :bytes,        9
+      optional :optional_msg,    :message,      10, "TestMessage2"
+      optional :optional_enum,   :enum,         11, "TestEnum"
+
+      repeated :repeated_int32,  :int32,        12
+      repeated :repeated_int64,  :int64,        13
+      repeated :repeated_uint32, :uint32,       14
+      repeated :repeated_uint64, :uint64,       15
+      repeated :repeated_bool,   :bool,         16
+      repeated :repeated_float,  :float,        17
+      repeated :repeated_double, :double,       18
+      repeated :repeated_string, :string,       19
+      repeated :repeated_bytes,  :bytes,        20
+      repeated :repeated_msg,    :message,      21, "TestMessage2"
+      repeated :repeated_enum,   :enum,         22, "TestEnum"
+    end
+    add_message "TestMessage2" do
+      optional :foo, :int32, 1
+    end
+
+    add_enum "TestEnum" do
+      value :Default, 0
+      value :A, 1
+      value :B, 2
+      value :C, 3
+    end
+  end
+
+  TestMessage = pool.lookup("TestMessage").msgclass
+  TestMessage2 = pool.lookup("TestMessage2").msgclass
+  TestEnum = pool.lookup("TestEnum").enummodule
+
+
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/stress.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/stress.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..082d5e22d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/stress.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+require 'google/protobuf'
+require 'test/unit'
+
+module StressTest
+  pool = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.new
+  pool.build do
+    add_message "TestMessage" do
+      optional :a,  :int32,        1
+      repeated :b,  :message,      2, "M"
+    end
+    add_message "M" do
+      optional :foo, :string, 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  TestMessage = pool.lookup("TestMessage").msgclass
+  M = pool.lookup("M").msgclass
+
+  class StressTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+    def get_msg
+      TestMessage.new(:a => 1000,
+                      :b => [M.new(:foo => "hello"),
+                             M.new(:foo => "world")])
+    end
+    def test_stress
+      m = get_msg
+      data = TestMessage.encode(m)
+      100_000.times do
+        mnew = TestMessage.decode(data)
+        mnew = mnew.dup
+        assert_equal mnew.inspect, m.inspect
+        assert TestMessage.encode(mnew) == data
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/test_import.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/test_import.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..230484ee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/tests/test_import.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package foo_bar;
+
+message TestImportedMessage {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/defs.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/defs.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d092a5bf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/defs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2278 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include "protobuf.h"
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Common utilities.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static const char* get_str(VALUE str) {
+  Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
+  return RSTRING_PTR(str);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_str_maybe_null(const char* s) {
+  if (s == NULL) {
+    s = "";
+  }
+  return rb_str_new2(s);
+}
+
+static void rewrite_enum_default(const upb_symtab* symtab,
+                                 google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* file,
+                                 google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* field) {
+  upb_strview defaultval;
+  const char *type_name_str;
+  char *end;
+  long val;
+  const upb_enumdef *e;
+  upb_strview type_name;
+
+  /* Look for TYPE_ENUM fields that have a default. */
+  if (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_type(field) !=
+          google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_ENUM ||
+      !google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_default_value(field) ||
+      !google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_type_name(field)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  defaultval = google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_default_value(field);
+  type_name = google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_type_name(field);
+
+  if (defaultval.size == 0 || !isdigit(defaultval.data[0])) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (type_name.size == 0 || type_name.data[0] != '.') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  type_name_str = type_name.data + 1;
+
+  errno = 0;
+  val = strtol(defaultval.data, &end, 10);
+
+  if (errno != 0 || *end != 0 || val < INT32_MIN || val > INT32_MAX) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* Now find the corresponding enum definition. */
+  e = upb_symtab_lookupenum(symtab, type_name_str);
+  if (e) {
+    /* Look in previously loaded files. */
+    const char *label = upb_enumdef_iton(e, val);
+    if (!label) {
+      return;
+    }
+    google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_default_value(
+        field, upb_strview_makez(label));
+  } else {
+    /* Look in enums defined in this file. */
+    const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* matching_enum = NULL;
+    size_t i, n;
+    const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* const* enums =
+        google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_enum_type(file, &n);
+    const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto* const* values;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      if (upb_strview_eql(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_name(enums[i]),
+                          upb_strview_makez(type_name_str))) {
+        matching_enum = enums[i];
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!matching_enum) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    values = google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_value(matching_enum, &n);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      if (google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_number(values[i]) == val) {
+        google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_default_value(
+            field, google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_name(values[i]));
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* We failed to find an enum default.  But we'll just leave the enum
+     * untouched and let the normal def-building code catch it. */
+  }
+}
+
+/* Historically we allowed enum defaults to be specified as a number.  In
+ * retrospect this was a mistake as descriptors require defaults to be
+ * specified as a label. This can make a difference if multiple labels have the
+ * same number.
+ *
+ * Here we do a pass over all enum defaults and rewrite numeric defaults by
+ * looking up their labels.  This is compilcated by the fact that the enum
+ * definition can live in either the symtab or the file_proto.
+ * */
+static void rewrite_enum_defaults(
+    const upb_symtab* symtab, google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* file_proto) {
+  size_t i, n;
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto** msgs =
+      google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_message_type(file_proto, &n);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    size_t j, m;
+    google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto** fields =
+        google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_field(msgs[i], &m);
+    for (j = 0; j < m; j++) {
+      rewrite_enum_default(symtab, file_proto, fields[j]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void remove_path(upb_strview *name) {
+  const char* last = strrchr(name->data, '.');
+  if (last) {
+    size_t remove = last - name->data + 1;
+    name->data += remove;
+    name->size -= remove;
+  }
+}
+
+static void rewrite_nesting(VALUE msg_ent, google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* msg,
+                            google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* const* msgs,
+                            google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* const* enums,
+                            upb_arena *arena) {
+  VALUE submsgs = rb_hash_aref(msg_ent, ID2SYM(rb_intern("msgs")));
+  VALUE enum_pos = rb_hash_aref(msg_ent, ID2SYM(rb_intern("enums")));
+  int submsg_count;
+  int enum_count;
+  int i;
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto** msg_msgs;
+  google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto** msg_enums;
+
+  Check_Type(submsgs, T_ARRAY);
+  Check_Type(enum_pos, T_ARRAY);
+
+  submsg_count = RARRAY_LEN(submsgs);
+  enum_count = RARRAY_LEN(enum_pos);
+
+  msg_msgs = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_nested_type(
+      msg, submsg_count, arena);
+  msg_enums =
+      google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_enum_type(msg, enum_count, arena);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < submsg_count; i++) {
+    VALUE submsg_ent = RARRAY_PTR(submsgs)[i];
+    VALUE pos = rb_hash_aref(submsg_ent, ID2SYM(rb_intern("pos")));
+    upb_strview name;
+
+    msg_msgs[i] = msgs[NUM2INT(pos)];
+    name = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_name(msg_msgs[i]);
+    remove_path(&name);
+    google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_set_name(msg_msgs[i], name);
+    rewrite_nesting(submsg_ent, msg_msgs[i], msgs, enums, arena);
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < enum_count; i++) {
+    VALUE pos = RARRAY_PTR(enum_pos)[i];
+    msg_enums[i] = enums[NUM2INT(pos)];
+  }
+}
+
+/* We have to do some relatively complicated logic here for backward
+ * compatibility.
+ *
+ * In descriptor.proto, messages are nested inside other messages if that is
+ * what the original .proto file looks like.  For example, suppose we have this
+ * foo.proto:
+ *
+ * package foo;
+ * message Bar {
+ *   message Baz {}
+ * }
+ *
+ * The descriptor for this must look like this:
+ *
+ * file {
+ *   name: "test.proto"
+ *   package: "foo"
+ *   message_type {
+ *     name: "Bar"
+ *     nested_type {
+ *       name: "Baz"
+ *     }
+ *   }
+ * }
+ *
+ * However, the Ruby generated code has always generated messages in a flat,
+ * non-nested way:
+ *
+ * Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.build do
+ *   add_message "foo.Bar" do
+ *   end
+ *   add_message "foo.Bar.Baz" do
+ *   end
+ * end
+ *
+ * Here we need to do a translation where we turn this generated code into the
+ * above descriptor.  We need to infer that "foo" is the package name, and not
+ * a message itself.
+ *
+ * We delegate to Ruby to compute the transformation, for more concice and
+ * readable code than we can do in C */
+static void rewrite_names(VALUE _file_builder,
+                          google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* file_proto) {
+  FileBuilderContext* file_builder = ruby_to_FileBuilderContext(_file_builder);
+  upb_arena *arena = file_builder->arena;
+  // Build params (package, msg_names, enum_names).
+  VALUE package = Qnil;
+  VALUE msg_names = rb_ary_new();
+  VALUE enum_names = rb_ary_new();
+  size_t msg_count, enum_count, i;
+  VALUE new_package, nesting, msg_ents, enum_ents;
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto** msgs;
+  google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto** enums;
+
+  if (google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_package(file_proto)) {
+    upb_strview package_str =
+        google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_package(file_proto);
+    package = rb_str_new(package_str.data, package_str.size);
+  }
+
+  msgs = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_message_type(file_proto,
+                                                                  &msg_count);
+  for (i = 0; i < msg_count; i++) {
+    upb_strview name = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_name(msgs[i]);
+    rb_ary_push(msg_names, rb_str_new(name.data, name.size));
+  }
+
+  enums = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_enum_type(file_proto,
+                                                                &enum_count);
+  for (i = 0; i < enum_count; i++) {
+    upb_strview name = google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_name(enums[i]);
+    rb_ary_push(enum_names, rb_str_new(name.data, name.size));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Call Ruby code to calculate package name and nesting.
+    VALUE args[3] = { package, msg_names, enum_names };
+    VALUE internal = rb_eval_string("Google::Protobuf::Internal");
+    VALUE ret = rb_funcallv(internal, rb_intern("fixup_descriptor"), 3, args);
+
+    new_package = rb_ary_entry(ret, 0);
+    nesting = rb_ary_entry(ret, 1);
+  }
+
+  // Rewrite package and names.
+  if (new_package != Qnil) {
+    upb_strview new_package_str =
+        FileBuilderContext_strdup(_file_builder, new_package);
+    google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_package(file_proto,
+                                                    new_package_str);
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < msg_count; i++) {
+    upb_strview name = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_name(msgs[i]);
+    remove_path(&name);
+    google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_set_name(msgs[i], name);
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < enum_count; i++) {
+    upb_strview name = google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_name(enums[i]);
+    remove_path(&name);
+    google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_set_name(enums[i], name);
+  }
+
+  // Rewrite nesting.
+  msg_ents = rb_hash_aref(nesting, ID2SYM(rb_intern("msgs")));
+  enum_ents = rb_hash_aref(nesting, ID2SYM(rb_intern("enums")));
+
+  Check_Type(msg_ents, T_ARRAY);
+  Check_Type(enum_ents, T_ARRAY);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < (size_t)RARRAY_LEN(msg_ents); i++) {
+    VALUE msg_ent = rb_ary_entry(msg_ents, i);
+    VALUE pos = rb_hash_aref(msg_ent, ID2SYM(rb_intern("pos")));
+    msgs[i] = msgs[NUM2INT(pos)];
+    rewrite_nesting(msg_ent, msgs[i], msgs, enums, arena);
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < (size_t)RARRAY_LEN(enum_ents); i++) {
+    VALUE enum_pos = rb_ary_entry(enum_ents, i);
+    enums[i] = enums[NUM2INT(enum_pos)];
+  }
+
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_message_type(
+      file_proto, RARRAY_LEN(msg_ents), arena);
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_enum_type(
+      file_proto, RARRAY_LEN(enum_ents), arena);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// DescriptorPool.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define DEFINE_CLASS(name, string_name)                             \
+    VALUE c ## name = Qnil;                                         \
+    const rb_data_type_t _ ## name ## _type = {                     \
+      string_name,                                                  \
+      { name ## _mark, name ## _free, NULL },                       \
+    };                                                              \
+    name* ruby_to_ ## name(VALUE val) {                             \
+      name* ret;                                                    \
+      TypedData_Get_Struct(val, name, &_ ## name ## _type, ret);    \
+      return ret;                                                   \
+    }                                                               \
+
+#define DEFINE_SELF(type, var, rb_var)                              \
+    type* var = ruby_to_ ## type(rb_var)
+
+// Global singleton DescriptorPool. The user is free to create others, but this
+// is used by generated code.
+VALUE generated_pool = Qnil;
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(DescriptorPool, "Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool");
+
+void DescriptorPool_mark(void* _self) {
+  DescriptorPool* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->def_to_descriptor);
+}
+
+void DescriptorPool_free(void* _self) {
+  DescriptorPool* self = _self;
+
+  upb_symtab_free(self->symtab);
+  upb_handlercache_free(self->fill_handler_cache);
+  upb_handlercache_free(self->pb_serialize_handler_cache);
+  upb_handlercache_free(self->json_serialize_handler_cache);
+  upb_handlercache_free(self->json_serialize_handler_preserve_cache);
+  upb_pbcodecache_free(self->fill_method_cache);
+  upb_json_codecache_free(self->json_fill_method_cache);
+
+  xfree(self);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     DescriptorPool.new => pool
+ *
+ * Creates a new, empty, descriptor pool.
+ */
+VALUE DescriptorPool_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  DescriptorPool* self = ALLOC(DescriptorPool);
+  VALUE ret;
+
+  self->def_to_descriptor = Qnil;
+  ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &_DescriptorPool_type, self);
+
+  self->def_to_descriptor = rb_hash_new();
+  self->symtab = upb_symtab_new();
+  self->fill_handler_cache =
+      upb_handlercache_new(add_handlers_for_message, (void*)ret);
+  self->pb_serialize_handler_cache = upb_pb_encoder_newcache();
+  self->json_serialize_handler_cache = upb_json_printer_newcache(false);
+  self->json_serialize_handler_preserve_cache =
+      upb_json_printer_newcache(true);
+  self->fill_method_cache = upb_pbcodecache_new(self->fill_handler_cache);
+  self->json_fill_method_cache = upb_json_codecache_new();
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void DescriptorPool_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(
+      module, "DescriptorPool", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, DescriptorPool_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "build", DescriptorPool_build, -1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "lookup", DescriptorPool_lookup, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(klass, "generated_pool",
+                             DescriptorPool_generated_pool, 0);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cDescriptorPool);
+  cDescriptorPool = klass;
+
+  rb_gc_register_address(&generated_pool);
+  generated_pool = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, klass);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     DescriptorPool.build(&block)
+ *
+ * Invokes the block with a Builder instance as self. All message and enum types
+ * added within the block are committed to the pool atomically, and may refer
+ * (co)recursively to each other. The user should call Builder#add_message and
+ * Builder#add_enum within the block as appropriate.  This is the recommended,
+ * idiomatic way to define new message and enum types.
+ */
+VALUE DescriptorPool_build(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self) {
+  VALUE ctx = rb_class_new_instance(1, &_self, cBuilder);
+  VALUE block = rb_block_proc();
+  rb_funcall_with_block(ctx, rb_intern("instance_eval"), 0, NULL, block);
+  Builder_build(ctx);
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     DescriptorPool.lookup(name) => descriptor
+ *
+ * Finds a Descriptor or EnumDescriptor by name and returns it, or nil if none
+ * exists with the given name.
+ */
+VALUE DescriptorPool_lookup(VALUE _self, VALUE name) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(DescriptorPool, self, _self);
+  const char* name_str = get_str(name);
+  const upb_msgdef* msgdef;
+  const upb_enumdef* enumdef;
+
+  msgdef = upb_symtab_lookupmsg(self->symtab, name_str);
+  if (msgdef) {
+    return get_msgdef_obj(_self, msgdef);
+  }
+
+  enumdef = upb_symtab_lookupenum(self->symtab, name_str);
+  if (enumdef) {
+    return get_enumdef_obj(_self, enumdef);
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     DescriptorPool.generated_pool => descriptor_pool
+ *
+ * Class method that returns the global DescriptorPool. This is a singleton into
+ * which generated-code message and enum types are registered. The user may also
+ * register types in this pool for convenience so that they do not have to hold
+ * a reference to a private pool instance.
+ */
+VALUE DescriptorPool_generated_pool(VALUE _self) {
+  return generated_pool;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Descriptor.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(Descriptor, "Google::Protobuf::Descriptor");
+
+void Descriptor_mark(void* _self) {
+  Descriptor* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->klass);
+  rb_gc_mark(self->descriptor_pool);
+  if (self->layout && self->layout->empty_template) {
+    layout_mark(self->layout, self->layout->empty_template);
+  }
+}
+
+void Descriptor_free(void* _self) {
+  Descriptor* self = _self;
+  if (self->layout) {
+    free_layout(self->layout);
+  }
+  xfree(self);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.new => descriptor
+ *
+ * Creates a new, empty, message type descriptor. At a minimum, its name must be
+ * set before it is added to a pool. It cannot be used to create messages until
+ * it is added to a pool, after which it becomes immutable (as part of a
+ * finalization process).
+ */
+VALUE Descriptor_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  Descriptor* self = ALLOC(Descriptor);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &_Descriptor_type, self);
+  self->msgdef = NULL;
+  self->klass = Qnil;
+  self->descriptor_pool = Qnil;
+  self->layout = NULL;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void Descriptor_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(
+      module, "Descriptor", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, Descriptor_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", Descriptor_initialize, 3);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "each", Descriptor_each, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "lookup", Descriptor_lookup, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "each_oneof", Descriptor_each_oneof, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "lookup_oneof", Descriptor_lookup_oneof, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "msgclass", Descriptor_msgclass, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "name", Descriptor_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "file_descriptor", Descriptor_file_descriptor, 0);
+  rb_include_module(klass, rb_mEnumerable);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cDescriptor);
+  cDescriptor = klass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    Descriptor.new(c_only_cookie, ptr) => Descriptor
+ *
+ * Creates a descriptor wrapper object.  May only be called from C.
+ */
+VALUE Descriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                            VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(Descriptor, self, _self);
+
+  if (cookie != c_only_cookie) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Descriptor objects may not be created from Ruby.");
+  }
+
+  self->descriptor_pool = descriptor_pool;
+  self->msgdef = (const upb_msgdef*)NUM2ULL(ptr);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    Descriptor.file_descriptor
+ *
+ * Returns the FileDescriptor object this message belongs to.
+ */
+VALUE Descriptor_file_descriptor(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(Descriptor, self, _self);
+  return get_filedef_obj(self->descriptor_pool, upb_msgdef_file(self->msgdef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.name => name
+ *
+ * Returns the name of this message type as a fully-qualfied string (e.g.,
+ * My.Package.MessageType).
+ */
+VALUE Descriptor_name(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(Descriptor, self, _self);
+  return rb_str_maybe_null(upb_msgdef_fullname(self->msgdef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.each(&block)
+ *
+ * Iterates over fields in this message type, yielding to the block on each one.
+ */
+VALUE Descriptor_each(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(Descriptor, self, _self);
+
+  upb_msg_field_iter it;
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, self->msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    VALUE obj = get_fielddef_obj(self->descriptor_pool, field);
+    rb_yield(obj);
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.lookup(name) => FieldDescriptor
+ *
+ * Returns the field descriptor for the field with the given name, if present,
+ * or nil if none.
+ */
+VALUE Descriptor_lookup(VALUE _self, VALUE name) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(Descriptor, self, _self);
+  const char* s = get_str(name);
+  const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msgdef_ntofz(self->msgdef, s);
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  return get_fielddef_obj(self->descriptor_pool, field);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.each_oneof(&block) => nil
+ *
+ * Invokes the given block for each oneof in this message type, passing the
+ * corresponding OneofDescriptor.
+ */
+VALUE Descriptor_each_oneof(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(Descriptor, self, _self);
+
+  upb_msg_oneof_iter it;
+  for (upb_msg_oneof_begin(&it, self->msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_oneof_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_oneof_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_oneofdef* oneof = upb_msg_iter_oneof(&it);
+    VALUE obj = get_oneofdef_obj(self->descriptor_pool, oneof);
+    rb_yield(obj);
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.lookup_oneof(name) => OneofDescriptor
+ *
+ * Returns the oneof descriptor for the oneof with the given name, if present,
+ * or nil if none.
+ */
+VALUE Descriptor_lookup_oneof(VALUE _self, VALUE name) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(Descriptor, self, _self);
+  const char* s = get_str(name);
+  const upb_oneofdef* oneof = upb_msgdef_ntooz(self->msgdef, s);
+  if (oneof == NULL) {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  return get_oneofdef_obj(self->descriptor_pool, oneof);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Descriptor.msgclass => message_klass
+ *
+ * Returns the Ruby class created for this message type.
+ */
+VALUE Descriptor_msgclass(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(Descriptor, self, _self);
+  if (self->klass == Qnil) {
+    self->klass = build_class_from_descriptor(_self);
+  }
+  return self->klass;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FileDescriptor.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(FileDescriptor, "Google::Protobuf::FileDescriptor");
+
+void FileDescriptor_mark(void* _self) {
+  FileDescriptor* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->descriptor_pool);
+}
+
+void FileDescriptor_free(void* _self) {
+  xfree(_self);
+}
+
+VALUE FileDescriptor_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  FileDescriptor* self = ALLOC(FileDescriptor);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &_FileDescriptor_type, self);
+  self->descriptor_pool = Qnil;
+  self->filedef = NULL;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FileDescriptor.new => file
+ *
+ * Returns a new file descriptor. The syntax must be set before it's passed
+ * to a builder.
+ */
+VALUE FileDescriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FileDescriptor, self, _self);
+
+  if (cookie != c_only_cookie) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Descriptor objects may not be created from Ruby.");
+  }
+
+  self->descriptor_pool = descriptor_pool;
+  self->filedef = (const upb_filedef*)NUM2ULL(ptr);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+void FileDescriptor_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(
+      module, "FileDescriptor", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, FileDescriptor_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", FileDescriptor_initialize, 3);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "name", FileDescriptor_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "syntax", FileDescriptor_syntax, 0);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cFileDescriptor);
+  cFileDescriptor = klass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FileDescriptor.name => name
+ *
+ * Returns the name of the file.
+ */
+VALUE FileDescriptor_name(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FileDescriptor, self, _self);
+  const char* name = upb_filedef_name(self->filedef);
+  return name == NULL ? Qnil : rb_str_new2(name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FileDescriptor.syntax => syntax
+ *
+ * Returns this file descriptors syntax.
+ *
+ * Valid syntax versions are:
+ *     :proto2 or :proto3.
+ */
+VALUE FileDescriptor_syntax(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FileDescriptor, self, _self);
+
+  switch (upb_filedef_syntax(self->filedef)) {
+    case UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO3: return ID2SYM(rb_intern("proto3"));
+    case UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO2: return ID2SYM(rb_intern("proto2"));
+    default: return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FieldDescriptor.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(FieldDescriptor, "Google::Protobuf::FieldDescriptor");
+
+void FieldDescriptor_mark(void* _self) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->descriptor_pool);
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptor_free(void* _self) {
+  xfree(_self);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.new => field
+ *
+ * Returns a new field descriptor. Its name, type, etc. must be set before it is
+ * added to a message type.
+ */
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  FieldDescriptor* self = ALLOC(FieldDescriptor);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &_FieldDescriptor_type, self);
+  self->fielddef = NULL;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptor_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(
+      module, "FieldDescriptor", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, FieldDescriptor_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", FieldDescriptor_initialize, 3);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "name", FieldDescriptor_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "type", FieldDescriptor_type, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "default", FieldDescriptor_default, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "label", FieldDescriptor_label, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "number", FieldDescriptor_number, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "submsg_name", FieldDescriptor_submsg_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "subtype", FieldDescriptor_subtype, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "has?", FieldDescriptor_has, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "clear", FieldDescriptor_clear, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "get", FieldDescriptor_get, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "set", FieldDescriptor_set, 2);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cFieldDescriptor);
+  cFieldDescriptor = klass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    EnumDescriptor.new(c_only_cookie, pool, ptr) => EnumDescriptor
+ *
+ * Creates a descriptor wrapper object.  May only be called from C.
+ */
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                 VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FieldDescriptor, self, _self);
+
+  if (cookie != c_only_cookie) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Descriptor objects may not be created from Ruby.");
+  }
+
+  self->descriptor_pool = descriptor_pool;
+  self->fielddef = (const upb_fielddef*)NUM2ULL(ptr);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.name => name
+ *
+ * Returns the name of this field.
+ */
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_name(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FieldDescriptor, self, _self);
+  return rb_str_maybe_null(upb_fielddef_name(self->fielddef));
+}
+
+upb_fieldtype_t ruby_to_fieldtype(VALUE type) {
+  if (TYPE(type) != T_SYMBOL) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected symbol for field type.");
+  }
+
+#define CONVERT(upb, ruby)                                           \
+  if (SYM2ID(type) == rb_intern( # ruby )) {                         \
+    return UPB_TYPE_ ## upb;                                         \
+  }
+
+  CONVERT(FLOAT, float);
+  CONVERT(DOUBLE, double);
+  CONVERT(BOOL, bool);
+  CONVERT(STRING, string);
+  CONVERT(BYTES, bytes);
+  CONVERT(MESSAGE, message);
+  CONVERT(ENUM, enum);
+  CONVERT(INT32, int32);
+  CONVERT(INT64, int64);
+  CONVERT(UINT32, uint32);
+  CONVERT(UINT64, uint64);
+
+#undef CONVERT
+
+  rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown field type.");
+  return 0;
+}
+
+VALUE fieldtype_to_ruby(upb_fieldtype_t type) {
+  switch (type) {
+#define CONVERT(upb, ruby)                                           \
+    case UPB_TYPE_ ## upb : return ID2SYM(rb_intern( # ruby ));
+    CONVERT(FLOAT, float);
+    CONVERT(DOUBLE, double);
+    CONVERT(BOOL, bool);
+    CONVERT(STRING, string);
+    CONVERT(BYTES, bytes);
+    CONVERT(MESSAGE, message);
+    CONVERT(ENUM, enum);
+    CONVERT(INT32, int32);
+    CONVERT(INT64, int64);
+    CONVERT(UINT32, uint32);
+    CONVERT(UINT64, uint64);
+#undef CONVERT
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+upb_descriptortype_t ruby_to_descriptortype(VALUE type) {
+  if (TYPE(type) != T_SYMBOL) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected symbol for field type.");
+  }
+
+#define CONVERT(upb, ruby)                                           \
+  if (SYM2ID(type) == rb_intern( # ruby )) {                         \
+    return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ ## upb;                              \
+  }
+
+  CONVERT(FLOAT, float);
+  CONVERT(DOUBLE, double);
+  CONVERT(BOOL, bool);
+  CONVERT(STRING, string);
+  CONVERT(BYTES, bytes);
+  CONVERT(MESSAGE, message);
+  CONVERT(GROUP, group);
+  CONVERT(ENUM, enum);
+  CONVERT(INT32, int32);
+  CONVERT(INT64, int64);
+  CONVERT(UINT32, uint32);
+  CONVERT(UINT64, uint64);
+  CONVERT(SINT32, sint32);
+  CONVERT(SINT64, sint64);
+  CONVERT(FIXED32, fixed32);
+  CONVERT(FIXED64, fixed64);
+  CONVERT(SFIXED32, sfixed32);
+  CONVERT(SFIXED64, sfixed64);
+
+#undef CONVERT
+
+  rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown field type.");
+  return 0;
+}
+
+VALUE descriptortype_to_ruby(upb_descriptortype_t type) {
+  switch (type) {
+#define CONVERT(upb, ruby)                                           \
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ ## upb : return ID2SYM(rb_intern( # ruby ));
+    CONVERT(FLOAT, float);
+    CONVERT(DOUBLE, double);
+    CONVERT(BOOL, bool);
+    CONVERT(STRING, string);
+    CONVERT(BYTES, bytes);
+    CONVERT(MESSAGE, message);
+    CONVERT(GROUP, group);
+    CONVERT(ENUM, enum);
+    CONVERT(INT32, int32);
+    CONVERT(INT64, int64);
+    CONVERT(UINT32, uint32);
+    CONVERT(UINT64, uint64);
+    CONVERT(SINT32, sint32);
+    CONVERT(SINT64, sint64);
+    CONVERT(FIXED32, fixed32);
+    CONVERT(FIXED64, fixed64);
+    CONVERT(SFIXED32, sfixed32);
+    CONVERT(SFIXED64, sfixed64);
+#undef CONVERT
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE ruby_to_label(VALUE label) {
+  upb_label_t upb_label;
+  bool converted = false;
+
+#define CONVERT(upb, ruby)                                           \
+  if (SYM2ID(label) == rb_intern( # ruby )) {                        \
+    upb_label = UPB_LABEL_ ## upb;                                   \
+    converted = true;                                                \
+  }
+
+  CONVERT(OPTIONAL, optional);
+  CONVERT(REQUIRED, required);
+  CONVERT(REPEATED, repeated);
+
+#undef CONVERT
+
+  if (!converted) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown field label.");
+  }
+
+  return upb_label;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.type => type
+ *
+ * Returns this field's type, as a Ruby symbol, or nil if not yet set.
+ *
+ * Valid field types are:
+ *     :int32, :int64, :uint32, :uint64, :float, :double, :bool, :string,
+ *     :bytes, :message.
+ */
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_type(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FieldDescriptor, self, _self);
+  return descriptortype_to_ruby(upb_fielddef_descriptortype(self->fielddef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.default => default
+ *
+ * Returns this field's default, as a Ruby object, or nil if not yet set.
+ */
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_default(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FieldDescriptor, self, _self);
+  return layout_get_default(self->fielddef);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.label => label
+ *
+ * Returns this field's label (i.e., plurality), as a Ruby symbol.
+ *
+ * Valid field labels are:
+ *     :optional, :repeated
+ */
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_label(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FieldDescriptor, self, _self);
+  switch (upb_fielddef_label(self->fielddef)) {
+#define CONVERT(upb, ruby)                                           \
+    case UPB_LABEL_ ## upb : return ID2SYM(rb_intern( # ruby ));
+
+    CONVERT(OPTIONAL, optional);
+    CONVERT(REQUIRED, required);
+    CONVERT(REPEATED, repeated);
+
+#undef CONVERT
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.number => number
+ *
+ * Returns the tag number for this field.
+ */
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_number(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FieldDescriptor, self, _self);
+  return INT2NUM(upb_fielddef_number(self->fielddef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.submsg_name => submsg_name
+ *
+ * Returns the name of the message or enum type corresponding to this field, if
+ * it is a message or enum field (respectively), or nil otherwise. This type
+ * name will be resolved within the context of the pool to which the containing
+ * message type is added.
+ */
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_submsg_name(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FieldDescriptor, self, _self);
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(self->fielddef)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+      return rb_str_new2(
+          upb_enumdef_fullname(upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(self->fielddef)));
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return rb_str_new2(
+          upb_msgdef_fullname(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(self->fielddef)));
+    default:
+      return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.subtype => message_or_enum_descriptor
+ *
+ * Returns the message or enum descriptor corresponding to this field's type if
+ * it is a message or enum field, respectively, or nil otherwise. Cannot be
+ * called *until* the containing message type is added to a pool (and thus
+ * resolved).
+ */
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_subtype(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FieldDescriptor, self, _self);
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(self->fielddef)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+      return get_enumdef_obj(self->descriptor_pool,
+                             upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(self->fielddef));
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return get_msgdef_obj(self->descriptor_pool,
+                            upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(self->fielddef));
+    default:
+      return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.get(message) => value
+ *
+ * Returns the value set for this field on the given message. Raises an
+ * exception if message is of the wrong type.
+ */
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_get(VALUE _self, VALUE msg_rb) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FieldDescriptor, self, _self);
+  MessageHeader* msg;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(msg_rb, MessageHeader, &Message_type, msg);
+  if (msg->descriptor->msgdef != upb_fielddef_containingtype(self->fielddef)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "get method called on wrong message type");
+  }
+  return layout_get(msg->descriptor->layout, Message_data(msg), self->fielddef);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.has?(message) => boolean
+ *
+ * Returns whether the value is set on the given message. Raises an
+ * exception when calling with proto syntax 3.
+ */
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_has(VALUE _self, VALUE msg_rb) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FieldDescriptor, self, _self);
+  MessageHeader* msg;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(msg_rb, MessageHeader, &Message_type, msg);
+  if (msg->descriptor->msgdef != upb_fielddef_containingtype(self->fielddef)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "has method called on wrong message type");
+  } else if (!upb_fielddef_haspresence(self->fielddef)) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "does not track presence");
+  }
+
+  return layout_has(msg->descriptor->layout, Message_data(msg), self->fielddef);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.clear(message)
+ *
+ * Clears the field from the message if it's set.
+ */
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_clear(VALUE _self, VALUE msg_rb) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FieldDescriptor, self, _self);
+  MessageHeader* msg;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(msg_rb, MessageHeader, &Message_type, msg);
+  if (msg->descriptor->msgdef != upb_fielddef_containingtype(self->fielddef)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "has method called on wrong message type");
+  }
+
+  layout_clear(msg->descriptor->layout, Message_data(msg), self->fielddef);
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FieldDescriptor.set(message, value)
+ *
+ * Sets the value corresponding to this field to the given value on the given
+ * message. Raises an exception if message is of the wrong type. Performs the
+ * ordinary type-checks for field setting.
+ */
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_set(VALUE _self, VALUE msg_rb, VALUE value) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FieldDescriptor, self, _self);
+  MessageHeader* msg;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(msg_rb, MessageHeader, &Message_type, msg);
+  if (msg->descriptor->msgdef != upb_fielddef_containingtype(self->fielddef)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "set method called on wrong message type");
+  }
+  layout_set(msg->descriptor->layout, Message_data(msg), self->fielddef, value);
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// OneofDescriptor.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(OneofDescriptor, "Google::Protobuf::OneofDescriptor");
+
+void OneofDescriptor_mark(void* _self) {
+  OneofDescriptor* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->descriptor_pool);
+}
+
+void OneofDescriptor_free(void* _self) {
+  xfree(_self);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     OneofDescriptor.new => oneof_descriptor
+ *
+ * Creates a new, empty, oneof descriptor. The oneof may only be modified prior
+ * to being added to a message descriptor which is subsequently added to a pool.
+ */
+VALUE OneofDescriptor_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  OneofDescriptor* self = ALLOC(OneofDescriptor);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &_OneofDescriptor_type, self);
+  self->oneofdef = NULL;
+  self->descriptor_pool = Qnil;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void OneofDescriptor_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(
+      module, "OneofDescriptor", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, OneofDescriptor_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", OneofDescriptor_initialize, 3);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "name", OneofDescriptor_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "each", OneofDescriptor_each, 0);
+  rb_include_module(klass, rb_mEnumerable);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cOneofDescriptor);
+  cOneofDescriptor = klass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    OneofDescriptor.new(c_only_cookie, pool, ptr) => OneofDescriptor
+ *
+ * Creates a descriptor wrapper object.  May only be called from C.
+ */
+VALUE OneofDescriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                 VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(OneofDescriptor, self, _self);
+
+  if (cookie != c_only_cookie) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Descriptor objects may not be created from Ruby.");
+  }
+
+  self->descriptor_pool = descriptor_pool;
+  self->oneofdef = (const upb_oneofdef*)NUM2ULL(ptr);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     OneofDescriptor.name => name
+ *
+ * Returns the name of this oneof.
+ */
+VALUE OneofDescriptor_name(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(OneofDescriptor, self, _self);
+  return rb_str_maybe_null(upb_oneofdef_name(self->oneofdef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     OneofDescriptor.each(&block) => nil
+ *
+ * Iterates through fields in this oneof, yielding to the block on each one.
+ */
+VALUE OneofDescriptor_each(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(OneofDescriptor, self, _self);
+  upb_oneof_iter it;
+  for (upb_oneof_begin(&it, self->oneofdef);
+       !upb_oneof_done(&it);
+       upb_oneof_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* f = upb_oneof_iter_field(&it);
+    VALUE obj = get_fielddef_obj(self->descriptor_pool, f);
+    rb_yield(obj);
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// EnumDescriptor.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(EnumDescriptor, "Google::Protobuf::EnumDescriptor");
+
+void EnumDescriptor_mark(void* _self) {
+  EnumDescriptor* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->module);
+  rb_gc_mark(self->descriptor_pool);
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptor_free(void* _self) {
+  xfree(_self);
+}
+
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  EnumDescriptor* self = ALLOC(EnumDescriptor);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &_EnumDescriptor_type, self);
+  self->enumdef = NULL;
+  self->module = Qnil;
+  self->descriptor_pool = Qnil;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    EnumDescriptor.new(c_only_cookie, ptr) => EnumDescriptor
+ *
+ * Creates a descriptor wrapper object.  May only be called from C.
+ */
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(EnumDescriptor, self, _self);
+
+  if (cookie != c_only_cookie) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Descriptor objects may not be created from Ruby.");
+  }
+
+  self->descriptor_pool = descriptor_pool;
+  self->enumdef = (const upb_enumdef*)NUM2ULL(ptr);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptor_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(
+      module, "EnumDescriptor", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, EnumDescriptor_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", EnumDescriptor_initialize, 3);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "name", EnumDescriptor_name, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "lookup_name", EnumDescriptor_lookup_name, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "lookup_value", EnumDescriptor_lookup_value, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "each", EnumDescriptor_each, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "enummodule", EnumDescriptor_enummodule, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "file_descriptor", EnumDescriptor_file_descriptor, 0);
+  rb_include_module(klass, rb_mEnumerable);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cEnumDescriptor);
+  cEnumDescriptor = klass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    EnumDescriptor.file_descriptor
+ *
+ * Returns the FileDescriptor object this enum belongs to.
+ */
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_file_descriptor(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(EnumDescriptor, self, _self);
+  return get_filedef_obj(self->descriptor_pool,
+                         upb_enumdef_file(self->enumdef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumDescriptor.name => name
+ *
+ * Returns the name of this enum type.
+ */
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_name(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(EnumDescriptor, self, _self);
+  return rb_str_maybe_null(upb_enumdef_fullname(self->enumdef));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumDescriptor.lookup_name(name) => value
+ *
+ * Returns the numeric value corresponding to the given key name (as a Ruby
+ * symbol), or nil if none.
+ */
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_lookup_name(VALUE _self, VALUE name) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(EnumDescriptor, self, _self);
+  const char* name_str= rb_id2name(SYM2ID(name));
+  int32_t val = 0;
+  if (upb_enumdef_ntoiz(self->enumdef, name_str, &val)) {
+    return INT2NUM(val);
+  } else {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumDescriptor.lookup_value(name) => value
+ *
+ * Returns the key name (as a Ruby symbol) corresponding to the integer value,
+ * or nil if none.
+ */
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_lookup_value(VALUE _self, VALUE number) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(EnumDescriptor, self, _self);
+  int32_t val = NUM2INT(number);
+  const char* name = upb_enumdef_iton(self->enumdef, val);
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    return ID2SYM(rb_intern(name));
+  } else {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumDescriptor.each(&block)
+ *
+ * Iterates over key => value mappings in this enum's definition, yielding to
+ * the block with (key, value) arguments for each one.
+ */
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_each(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(EnumDescriptor, self, _self);
+
+  upb_enum_iter it;
+  for (upb_enum_begin(&it, self->enumdef);
+       !upb_enum_done(&it);
+       upb_enum_next(&it)) {
+    VALUE key = ID2SYM(rb_intern(upb_enum_iter_name(&it)));
+    VALUE number = INT2NUM(upb_enum_iter_number(&it));
+    rb_yield_values(2, key, number);
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumDescriptor.enummodule => module
+ *
+ * Returns the Ruby module corresponding to this enum type.
+ */
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_enummodule(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(EnumDescriptor, self, _self);
+  if (self->module == Qnil) {
+    self->module = build_module_from_enumdesc(_self);
+  }
+  return self->module;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MessageBuilderContext.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(MessageBuilderContext,
+    "Google::Protobuf::Internal::MessageBuilderContext");
+
+void MessageBuilderContext_mark(void* _self) {
+  MessageBuilderContext* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->file_builder);
+}
+
+void MessageBuilderContext_free(void* _self) {
+  MessageBuilderContext* self = _self;
+  xfree(self);
+}
+
+VALUE MessageBuilderContext_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  MessageBuilderContext* self = ALLOC(MessageBuilderContext);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(
+      klass, &_MessageBuilderContext_type, self);
+  self->file_builder = Qnil;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void MessageBuilderContext_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(
+      module, "MessageBuilderContext", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, MessageBuilderContext_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize",
+                   MessageBuilderContext_initialize, 2);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "optional", MessageBuilderContext_optional, -1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "required", MessageBuilderContext_required, -1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "repeated", MessageBuilderContext_repeated, -1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "map", MessageBuilderContext_map, -1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "oneof", MessageBuilderContext_oneof, 1);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cMessageBuilderContext);
+  cMessageBuilderContext = klass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     MessageBuilderContext.new(file_builder, name) => context
+ *
+ * Create a new message builder context around the given message descriptor and
+ * builder context. This class is intended to serve as a DSL context to be used
+ * with #instance_eval.
+ */
+VALUE MessageBuilderContext_initialize(VALUE _self,
+                                       VALUE _file_builder,
+                                       VALUE name) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(MessageBuilderContext, self, _self);
+  FileBuilderContext* file_builder = ruby_to_FileBuilderContext(_file_builder);
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* file_proto = file_builder->file_proto;
+
+  self->file_builder = _file_builder;
+  self->msg_proto = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_message_type(
+      file_proto, file_builder->arena);
+
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_set_name(
+      self->msg_proto, FileBuilderContext_strdup(_file_builder, name));
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static void msgdef_add_field(VALUE msgbuilder_rb, upb_label_t label, VALUE name,
+                             VALUE type, VALUE number, VALUE type_class,
+                             VALUE options, int oneof_index) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(MessageBuilderContext, self, msgbuilder_rb);
+  FileBuilderContext* file_context =
+      ruby_to_FileBuilderContext(self->file_builder);
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* field_proto;
+  VALUE name_str;
+
+  field_proto = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_field(self->msg_proto,
+                                                          file_context->arena);
+
+  Check_Type(name, T_SYMBOL);
+  name_str = rb_id2str(SYM2ID(name));
+
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_name(
+      field_proto, FileBuilderContext_strdup(self->file_builder, name_str));
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_number(field_proto, NUM2INT(number));
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_label(field_proto, (int)label);
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_type(
+      field_proto, (int)ruby_to_descriptortype(type));
+
+  if (type_class != Qnil) {
+    Check_Type(type_class, T_STRING);
+
+    // Make it an absolute type name by prepending a dot.
+    type_class = rb_str_append(rb_str_new2("."), type_class);
+    google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_type_name(
+        field_proto, FileBuilderContext_strdup(self->file_builder, type_class));
+  }
+
+  if (options != Qnil) {
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+
+    if (rb_funcall(options, rb_intern("key?"), 1,
+                   ID2SYM(rb_intern("default"))) == Qtrue) {
+      VALUE default_value =
+          rb_hash_lookup(options, ID2SYM(rb_intern("default")));
+
+      /* Call #to_s since all defaults are strings in the descriptor. */
+      default_value = rb_funcall(default_value, rb_intern("to_s"), 0);
+
+      google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_default_value(
+          field_proto,
+          FileBuilderContext_strdup(self->file_builder, default_value));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (oneof_index >= 0) {
+    google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_oneof_index(field_proto,
+                                                         oneof_index);
+  }
+}
+
+static VALUE make_mapentry(VALUE _message_builder, VALUE types, int argc,
+                           VALUE* argv) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(MessageBuilderContext, message_builder, _message_builder);
+  VALUE type_class = rb_ary_entry(types, 2);
+  FileBuilderContext* file_context =
+      ruby_to_FileBuilderContext(message_builder->file_builder);
+  google_protobuf_MessageOptions* options =
+      google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_options(
+          message_builder->msg_proto, file_context->arena);
+
+  google_protobuf_MessageOptions_set_map_entry(options, true);
+
+  // optional <type> key = 1;
+  rb_funcall(_message_builder, rb_intern("optional"), 3,
+             ID2SYM(rb_intern("key")), rb_ary_entry(types, 0), INT2NUM(1));
+
+  // optional <type> value = 2;
+  if (type_class == Qnil) {
+    rb_funcall(_message_builder, rb_intern("optional"), 3,
+               ID2SYM(rb_intern("value")), rb_ary_entry(types, 1), INT2NUM(2));
+  } else {
+    rb_funcall(_message_builder, rb_intern("optional"), 4,
+               ID2SYM(rb_intern("value")), rb_ary_entry(types, 1), INT2NUM(2),
+               type_class);
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     MessageBuilderContext.optional(name, type, number, type_class = nil,
+ *                                    options = nil)
+ *
+ * Defines a new optional field on this message type with the given type, tag
+ * number, and type class (for message and enum fields). The type must be a Ruby
+ * symbol (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#type=) and the type_class must be a
+ * string, if present (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#submsg_name=).
+ */
+VALUE MessageBuilderContext_optional(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self) {
+  VALUE name, type, number;
+  VALUE type_class, options = Qnil;
+
+  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "32", &name, &type, &number, &type_class, &options);
+
+  // Allow passing (name, type, number, options) or
+  // (name, type, number, type_class, options)
+  if (argc == 4 && RB_TYPE_P(type_class, T_HASH)) {
+    options = type_class;
+    type_class = Qnil;
+  }
+
+  msgdef_add_field(_self, UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, name, type, number, type_class,
+                   options, -1);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     MessageBuilderContext.required(name, type, number, type_class = nil,
+ *                                    options = nil)
+ *
+ * Defines a new required field on this message type with the given type, tag
+ * number, and type class (for message and enum fields). The type must be a Ruby
+ * symbol (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#type=) and the type_class must be a
+ * string, if present (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#submsg_name=).
+ *
+ * Proto3 does not have required fields, but this method exists for
+ * completeness. Any attempt to add a message type with required fields to a
+ * pool will currently result in an error.
+ */
+VALUE MessageBuilderContext_required(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self) {
+  VALUE name, type, number;
+  VALUE type_class, options = Qnil;
+
+  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "32", &name, &type, &number, &type_class, &options);
+
+  // Allow passing (name, type, number, options) or
+  // (name, type, number, type_class, options)
+  if (argc == 4 && RB_TYPE_P(type_class, T_HASH)) {
+    options = type_class;
+    type_class = Qnil;
+  }
+
+  msgdef_add_field(_self, UPB_LABEL_REQUIRED, name, type, number, type_class,
+                   options, -1);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     MessageBuilderContext.repeated(name, type, number, type_class = nil)
+ *
+ * Defines a new repeated field on this message type with the given type, tag
+ * number, and type class (for message and enum fields). The type must be a Ruby
+ * symbol (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#type=) and the type_class must be a
+ * string, if present (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#submsg_name=).
+ */
+VALUE MessageBuilderContext_repeated(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self) {
+  VALUE name, type, number, type_class;
+
+  if (argc < 3) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected at least 3 arguments.");
+  }
+  name = argv[0];
+  type = argv[1];
+  number = argv[2];
+  type_class = (argc > 3) ? argv[3] : Qnil;
+
+  msgdef_add_field(_self, UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, name, type, number, type_class,
+                   Qnil, -1);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     MessageBuilderContext.map(name, key_type, value_type, number,
+ *                               value_type_class = nil)
+ *
+ * Defines a new map field on this message type with the given key and value
+ * types, tag number, and type class (for message and enum value types). The key
+ * type must be :int32/:uint32/:int64/:uint64, :bool, or :string. The value type
+ * type must be a Ruby symbol (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#type=) and the
+ * type_class must be a string, if present (as accepted by
+ * FieldDescriptor#submsg_name=).
+ */
+VALUE MessageBuilderContext_map(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(MessageBuilderContext, self, _self);
+  VALUE name, key_type, value_type, number, type_class;
+  VALUE mapentry_desc_name;
+  FileBuilderContext* file_builder;
+  upb_strview msg_name;
+
+  if (argc < 4) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected at least 4 arguments.");
+  }
+  name = argv[0];
+  key_type = argv[1];
+  value_type = argv[2];
+  number = argv[3];
+  type_class = (argc > 4) ? argv[4] : Qnil;
+
+  // Validate the key type. We can't accept enums, messages, or floats/doubles
+  // as map keys. (We exclude these explicitly, and the field-descriptor setter
+  // below then ensures that the type is one of the remaining valid options.)
+  if (SYM2ID(key_type) == rb_intern("float") ||
+      SYM2ID(key_type) == rb_intern("double") ||
+      SYM2ID(key_type) == rb_intern("enum") ||
+      SYM2ID(key_type) == rb_intern("message")) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
+             "Cannot add a map field with a float, double, enum, or message "
+             "type.");
+  }
+
+  file_builder = ruby_to_FileBuilderContext(self->file_builder);
+
+  // TODO(haberman): remove this restriction, maps are supported in proto2.
+  if (upb_strview_eql(
+          google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_syntax(file_builder->file_proto),
+          upb_strview_makez("proto2"))) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
+             "Cannot add a native map field using proto2 syntax.");
+  }
+
+  // Create a new message descriptor for the map entry message, and create a
+  // repeated submessage field here with that type.
+  msg_name = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_name(self->msg_proto);
+  mapentry_desc_name = rb_str_new(msg_name.data, msg_name.size);
+  mapentry_desc_name = rb_str_cat2(mapentry_desc_name, "_MapEntry_");
+  mapentry_desc_name =
+      rb_str_cat2(mapentry_desc_name, rb_id2name(SYM2ID(name)));
+
+  {
+    // message <msgname>_MapEntry_ { /* ... */ }
+    VALUE args[1] = {mapentry_desc_name};
+    VALUE types = rb_ary_new3(3, key_type, value_type, type_class);
+    rb_block_call(self->file_builder, rb_intern("add_message"), 1, args,
+                  make_mapentry, types);
+  }
+
+  // If this file is in a package, we need to qualify the map entry type.
+  if (google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_package(file_builder->file_proto)) {
+    upb_strview package_view =
+        google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_package(file_builder->file_proto);
+    VALUE package = rb_str_new(package_view.data, package_view.size);
+    package = rb_str_cat2(package, ".");
+    mapentry_desc_name = rb_str_concat(package, mapentry_desc_name);
+  }
+
+  // repeated MapEntry <name> = <number>;
+  rb_funcall(_self, rb_intern("repeated"), 4, name,
+             ID2SYM(rb_intern("message")), number, mapentry_desc_name);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     MessageBuilderContext.oneof(name, &block) => nil
+ *
+ * Creates a new OneofDescriptor with the given name, creates a
+ * OneofBuilderContext attached to that OneofDescriptor, evaluates the given
+ * block in the context of that OneofBuilderContext with #instance_eval, and
+ * then adds the oneof to the message.
+ *
+ * This is the recommended, idiomatic way to build oneof definitions.
+ */
+VALUE MessageBuilderContext_oneof(VALUE _self, VALUE name) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(MessageBuilderContext, self, _self);
+  size_t oneof_count;
+  FileBuilderContext* file_context =
+      ruby_to_FileBuilderContext(self->file_builder);
+  google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto* oneof_proto;
+
+  // Existing oneof_count becomes oneof_index.
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_oneof_decl(self->msg_proto, &oneof_count);
+
+  // Create oneof_proto and set its name.
+  oneof_proto = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_oneof_decl(
+      self->msg_proto, file_context->arena);
+  google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_set_name(
+      oneof_proto, FileBuilderContext_strdup_sym(self->file_builder, name));
+
+  // Evaluate the block with the builder as argument.
+  {
+    VALUE args[2] = { INT2NUM(oneof_count), _self };
+    VALUE ctx = rb_class_new_instance(2, args, cOneofBuilderContext);
+    VALUE block = rb_block_proc();
+    rb_funcall_with_block(ctx, rb_intern("instance_eval"), 0, NULL, block);
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// OneofBuilderContext.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(OneofBuilderContext,
+    "Google::Protobuf::Internal::OneofBuilderContext");
+
+void OneofBuilderContext_mark(void* _self) {
+  OneofBuilderContext* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->message_builder);
+}
+
+void OneofBuilderContext_free(void* _self) {
+  xfree(_self);
+}
+
+VALUE OneofBuilderContext_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  OneofBuilderContext* self = ALLOC(OneofBuilderContext);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(
+      klass, &_OneofBuilderContext_type, self);
+  self->oneof_index = 0;
+  self->message_builder = Qnil;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void OneofBuilderContext_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(
+      module, "OneofBuilderContext", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, OneofBuilderContext_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize",
+                   OneofBuilderContext_initialize, 2);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "optional", OneofBuilderContext_optional, -1);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cOneofBuilderContext);
+  cOneofBuilderContext = klass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     OneofBuilderContext.new(oneof_index, message_builder) => context
+ *
+ * Create a new oneof builder context around the given oneof descriptor and
+ * builder context. This class is intended to serve as a DSL context to be used
+ * with #instance_eval.
+ */
+VALUE OneofBuilderContext_initialize(VALUE _self,
+                                     VALUE oneof_index,
+                                     VALUE message_builder) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(OneofBuilderContext, self, _self);
+  self->oneof_index = NUM2INT(oneof_index);
+  self->message_builder = message_builder;
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     OneofBuilderContext.optional(name, type, number, type_class = nil,
+ *                                  default_value = nil)
+ *
+ * Defines a new optional field in this oneof with the given type, tag number,
+ * and type class (for message and enum fields). The type must be a Ruby symbol
+ * (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#type=) and the type_class must be a string,
+ * if present (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#submsg_name=).
+ */
+VALUE OneofBuilderContext_optional(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(OneofBuilderContext, self, _self);
+  VALUE name, type, number;
+  VALUE type_class, options = Qnil;
+
+  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "32", &name, &type, &number, &type_class, &options);
+
+  msgdef_add_field(self->message_builder, UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, name, type,
+                   number, type_class, options, self->oneof_index);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// EnumBuilderContext.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(EnumBuilderContext,
+    "Google::Protobuf::Internal::EnumBuilderContext");
+
+void EnumBuilderContext_mark(void* _self) {
+  EnumBuilderContext* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->file_builder);
+}
+
+void EnumBuilderContext_free(void* _self) {
+  xfree(_self);
+}
+
+VALUE EnumBuilderContext_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  EnumBuilderContext* self = ALLOC(EnumBuilderContext);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(
+      klass, &_EnumBuilderContext_type, self);
+  self->enum_proto = NULL;
+  self->file_builder = Qnil;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void EnumBuilderContext_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(
+      module, "EnumBuilderContext", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, EnumBuilderContext_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", EnumBuilderContext_initialize, 2);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "value", EnumBuilderContext_value, 2);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cEnumBuilderContext);
+  cEnumBuilderContext = klass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumBuilderContext.new(file_builder) => context
+ *
+ * Create a new builder context around the given enum descriptor. This class is
+ * intended to serve as a DSL context to be used with #instance_eval.
+ */
+VALUE EnumBuilderContext_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE _file_builder,
+                                    VALUE name) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(EnumBuilderContext, self, _self);
+  FileBuilderContext* file_builder = ruby_to_FileBuilderContext(_file_builder);
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* file_proto = file_builder->file_proto;
+
+  self->file_builder = _file_builder;
+  self->enum_proto = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_enum_type(
+      file_proto, file_builder->arena);
+
+  google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_set_name(
+      self->enum_proto, FileBuilderContext_strdup(_file_builder, name));
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     EnumBuilder.add_value(name, number)
+ *
+ * Adds the given name => number mapping to the enum type. Name must be a Ruby
+ * symbol.
+ */
+VALUE EnumBuilderContext_value(VALUE _self, VALUE name, VALUE number) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(EnumBuilderContext, self, _self);
+  FileBuilderContext* file_builder =
+      ruby_to_FileBuilderContext(self->file_builder);
+  google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto* enum_value;
+
+  enum_value = google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_add_value(
+      self->enum_proto, file_builder->arena);
+
+  google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_set_name(
+      enum_value, FileBuilderContext_strdup_sym(self->file_builder, name));
+  google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_set_number(enum_value,
+                                                      NUM2INT(number));
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FileBuilderContext.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(FileBuilderContext,
+             "Google::Protobuf::Internal::FileBuilderContext");
+
+void FileBuilderContext_mark(void* _self) {
+  FileBuilderContext* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->descriptor_pool);
+}
+
+void FileBuilderContext_free(void* _self) {
+  FileBuilderContext* self = _self;
+  upb_arena_free(self->arena);
+  xfree(self);
+}
+
+upb_strview FileBuilderContext_strdup2(VALUE _self, const char *str) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FileBuilderContext, self, _self);
+  upb_strview ret;
+  char *data;
+
+  ret.size = strlen(str);
+  data = upb_malloc(upb_arena_alloc(self->arena), ret.size + 1);
+  ret.data = data;
+  memcpy(data, str, ret.size);
+  /* Null-terminate required by rewrite_enum_defaults() above. */
+  data[ret.size] = '\0';
+  return ret;
+}
+
+upb_strview FileBuilderContext_strdup(VALUE _self, VALUE rb_str) {
+  return FileBuilderContext_strdup2(_self, get_str(rb_str));
+}
+
+upb_strview FileBuilderContext_strdup_sym(VALUE _self, VALUE rb_sym) {
+  Check_Type(rb_sym, T_SYMBOL);
+  return FileBuilderContext_strdup(_self, rb_id2str(SYM2ID(rb_sym)));
+}
+
+VALUE FileBuilderContext_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  FileBuilderContext* self = ALLOC(FileBuilderContext);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &_FileBuilderContext_type, self);
+  self->arena = upb_arena_new();
+  self->file_proto = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_new(self->arena);
+  self->descriptor_pool = Qnil;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void FileBuilderContext_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(module, "FileBuilderContext", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, FileBuilderContext_alloc);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", FileBuilderContext_initialize, 3);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "add_message", FileBuilderContext_add_message, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "add_enum", FileBuilderContext_add_enum, 1);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cFileBuilderContext);
+  cFileBuilderContext = klass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FileBuilderContext.new(descriptor_pool) => context
+ *
+ * Create a new file builder context for the given file descriptor and
+ * builder context. This class is intended to serve as a DSL context to be used
+ * with #instance_eval.
+ */
+VALUE FileBuilderContext_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE descriptor_pool,
+                                    VALUE name, VALUE options) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FileBuilderContext, self, _self);
+  self->descriptor_pool = descriptor_pool;
+
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_name(
+      self->file_proto, FileBuilderContext_strdup(_self, name));
+
+  // Default syntax for Ruby is proto3.
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_syntax(
+      self->file_proto,
+      FileBuilderContext_strdup(_self, rb_str_new2("proto3")));
+
+  if (options != Qnil) {
+    VALUE syntax;
+
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+    syntax = rb_hash_lookup2(options, ID2SYM(rb_intern("syntax")), Qnil);
+
+    if (syntax != Qnil) {
+      VALUE syntax_str;
+
+      Check_Type(syntax, T_SYMBOL);
+      syntax_str = rb_id2str(SYM2ID(syntax));
+      google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_syntax(
+          self->file_proto, FileBuilderContext_strdup(_self, syntax_str));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FileBuilderContext.add_message(name, &block)
+ *
+ * Creates a new, empty descriptor with the given name, and invokes the block in
+ * the context of a MessageBuilderContext on that descriptor. The block can then
+ * call, e.g., MessageBuilderContext#optional and MessageBuilderContext#repeated
+ * methods to define the message fields.
+ *
+ * This is the recommended, idiomatic way to build message definitions.
+ */
+VALUE FileBuilderContext_add_message(VALUE _self, VALUE name) {
+  VALUE args[2] = { _self, name };
+  VALUE ctx = rb_class_new_instance(2, args, cMessageBuilderContext);
+  VALUE block = rb_block_proc();
+  rb_funcall_with_block(ctx, rb_intern("instance_eval"), 0, NULL, block);
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     FileBuilderContext.add_enum(name, &block)
+ *
+ * Creates a new, empty enum descriptor with the given name, and invokes the
+ * block in the context of an EnumBuilderContext on that descriptor. The block
+ * can then call EnumBuilderContext#add_value to define the enum values.
+ *
+ * This is the recommended, idiomatic way to build enum definitions.
+ */
+VALUE FileBuilderContext_add_enum(VALUE _self, VALUE name) {
+  VALUE args[2] = { _self, name };
+  VALUE ctx = rb_class_new_instance(2, args, cEnumBuilderContext);
+  VALUE block = rb_block_proc();
+  rb_funcall_with_block(ctx, rb_intern("instance_eval"), 0, NULL, block);
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+void FileBuilderContext_build(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(FileBuilderContext, self, _self);
+  DescriptorPool* pool = ruby_to_DescriptorPool(self->descriptor_pool);
+  upb_status status;
+
+  rewrite_enum_defaults(pool->symtab, self->file_proto);
+  rewrite_names(_self, self->file_proto);
+
+  upb_status_clear(&status);
+  if (!upb_symtab_addfile(pool->symtab, self->file_proto, &status)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "Unable to add defs to DescriptorPool: %s",
+             upb_status_errmsg(&status));
+  }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Builder.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DEFINE_CLASS(Builder, "Google::Protobuf::Internal::Builder");
+
+void Builder_mark(void* _self) {
+  Builder* self = _self;
+  rb_gc_mark(self->descriptor_pool);
+  rb_gc_mark(self->default_file_builder);
+}
+
+void Builder_free(void* _self) {
+  xfree(_self);
+}
+
+VALUE Builder_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  Builder* self = ALLOC(Builder);
+  VALUE ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(
+      klass, &_Builder_type, self);
+  self->descriptor_pool = Qnil;
+  self->default_file_builder = Qnil;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void Builder_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(module, "Builder", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, Builder_alloc); 
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", Builder_initialize, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "add_file", Builder_add_file, -1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "add_message", Builder_add_message, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "add_enum", Builder_add_enum, 1);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cBuilder);
+  cBuilder = klass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Builder.new(descriptor_pool) => builder
+ *
+ * Creates a new Builder. A Builder can accumulate a set of new message and enum
+ * descriptors and atomically register them into a pool in a way that allows for
+ * (co)recursive type references.
+ */
+VALUE Builder_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE pool) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(Builder, self, _self);
+  self->descriptor_pool = pool;
+  self->default_file_builder = Qnil;  // Created lazily if needed.
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Builder.add_file(name, options = nil, &block)
+ *
+ * Creates a new, file descriptor with the given name and options and invokes
+ * the block in the context of a FileBuilderContext on that descriptor. The
+ * block can then call FileBuilderContext#add_message or
+ * FileBuilderContext#add_enum to define new messages or enums, respectively.
+ *
+ * This is the recommended, idiomatic way to build file descriptors.
+ */
+VALUE Builder_add_file(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(Builder, self, _self);
+  VALUE name, options;
+  VALUE ctx;
+  VALUE block;
+
+  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &name, &options);
+
+  {
+    VALUE args[3] = { self->descriptor_pool, name, options };
+    ctx = rb_class_new_instance(3, args, cFileBuilderContext);
+  }
+
+  block = rb_block_proc();
+  rb_funcall_with_block(ctx, rb_intern("instance_eval"), 0, NULL, block);
+  FileBuilderContext_build(ctx);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE Builder_get_default_file(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(Builder, self, _self);
+
+  /* Lazily create only if legacy builder-level methods are called. */
+  if (self->default_file_builder == Qnil) {
+    VALUE name = rb_str_new2("ruby_default_file.proto");
+    VALUE args [3] = { self->descriptor_pool, name, rb_hash_new() };
+    self->default_file_builder =
+        rb_class_new_instance(3, args, cFileBuilderContext);
+  }
+
+  return self->default_file_builder;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Builder.add_message(name, &block)
+ *
+ * Old and deprecated way to create a new descriptor.
+ * See FileBuilderContext.add_message for the recommended way.
+ *
+ * Exists for backwards compatibility to allow building descriptor pool for
+ * files generated by protoc which don't add messages within "add_file" block.
+ * Descriptors created this way get assigned to a default empty FileDescriptor.
+ */
+VALUE Builder_add_message(VALUE _self, VALUE name) {
+  VALUE file_builder = Builder_get_default_file(_self);
+  rb_funcall_with_block(file_builder, rb_intern("add_message"), 1, &name,
+                        rb_block_proc());
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Builder.add_enum(name, &block)
+ *
+ * Old and deprecated way to create a new enum descriptor.
+ * See FileBuilderContext.add_enum for the recommended way.
+ *
+ * Exists for backwards compatibility to allow building descriptor pool for
+ * files generated by protoc which don't add enums within "add_file" block.
+ * Enum descriptors created this way get assigned to a default empty
+ * FileDescriptor.
+ */
+VALUE Builder_add_enum(VALUE _self, VALUE name) {
+  VALUE file_builder = Builder_get_default_file(_self);
+  rb_funcall_with_block(file_builder, rb_intern("add_enum"), 1, &name,
+                        rb_block_proc());
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/* This method is hidden from Ruby, and only called directly from
+ * DescriptorPool_build(). */
+VALUE Builder_build(VALUE _self) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(Builder, self, _self);
+
+  if (self->default_file_builder != Qnil) {
+    FileBuilderContext_build(self->default_file_builder);
+    self->default_file_builder = Qnil;
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE get_def_obj(VALUE _descriptor_pool, const void* ptr, VALUE klass) {
+  DEFINE_SELF(DescriptorPool, descriptor_pool, _descriptor_pool);
+  VALUE key = ULL2NUM((intptr_t)ptr);
+  VALUE def;
+
+  def = rb_hash_aref(descriptor_pool->def_to_descriptor, key);
+
+  if (ptr == NULL) {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+
+  if (def == Qnil) {
+    // Lazily create wrapper object.
+    VALUE args[3] = { c_only_cookie, _descriptor_pool, key };
+    def = rb_class_new_instance(3, args, klass);
+    rb_hash_aset(descriptor_pool->def_to_descriptor, key, def);
+
+    // For message defs, we now eagerly get/create descriptors for all
+    // submessages.  We will need these anyway to parse or serialize this
+    // message type.  But more importantly, we must do this now so that
+    // add_handlers_for_message() (which calls get_msgdef_obj()) does *not*
+    // need to create a Ruby object or insert into a Ruby Hash.  We need to
+    // avoid triggering GC, which can switch Ruby threads and re-enter our
+    // C extension from a different thread.  This wreaks havoc on our state
+    // if we were in the middle of building handlers.
+    if (klass == cDescriptor) {
+      const upb_msgdef *m = ptr;
+      upb_msg_field_iter it;
+      for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, m);
+           !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+           upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+        const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+        if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+          get_msgdef_obj(_descriptor_pool, upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return def;
+}
+
+VALUE get_msgdef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_msgdef* def) {
+  return get_def_obj(descriptor_pool, def, cDescriptor);
+}
+
+VALUE get_enumdef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_enumdef* def) {
+  return get_def_obj(descriptor_pool, def, cEnumDescriptor);
+}
+
+VALUE get_fielddef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_fielddef* def) {
+  return get_def_obj(descriptor_pool, def, cFieldDescriptor);
+}
+
+VALUE get_filedef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_filedef* def) {
+  return get_def_obj(descriptor_pool, def, cFileDescriptor);
+}
+
+VALUE get_oneofdef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_oneofdef* def) {
+  return get_def_obj(descriptor_pool, def, cOneofDescriptor);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/encode_decode.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/encode_decode.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..142fd5787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/encode_decode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1793 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+
+// This function is equivalent to rb_str_cat(), but unlike the real
+// rb_str_cat(), it doesn't leak memory in some versions of Ruby.
+// For more information, see:
+//   https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/11328
+VALUE noleak_rb_str_cat(VALUE rb_str, const char *str, long len) {
+  char *p;
+  size_t oldlen = RSTRING_LEN(rb_str);
+  rb_str_modify_expand(rb_str, len);
+  p = RSTRING_PTR(rb_str);
+  memcpy(p + oldlen, str, len);
+  rb_str_set_len(rb_str, oldlen + len);
+  return rb_str;
+}
+
+bool is_wrapper(const upb_msgdef* m) {
+  switch (upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(m)) {
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_DOUBLEVALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_FLOATVALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT64VALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT64VALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT32VALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT32VALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRINGVALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_BYTESVALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// The code below also comes from upb's prototype Ruby binding, developed by
+// haberman@.
+
+/* stringsink *****************************************************************/
+
+static void *stringsink_start(void *_sink, const void *hd, size_t size_hint) {
+  stringsink *sink = _sink;
+  sink->len = 0;
+  return sink;
+}
+
+static size_t stringsink_string(void *_sink, const void *hd, const char *ptr,
+                                size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  stringsink *sink = _sink;
+  size_t new_size = sink->size;
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+
+  while (sink->len + len > new_size) {
+    new_size *= 2;
+  }
+
+  if (new_size != sink->size) {
+    sink->ptr = realloc(sink->ptr, new_size);
+    sink->size = new_size;
+  }
+
+  memcpy(sink->ptr + sink->len, ptr, len);
+  sink->len += len;
+
+  return len;
+}
+
+void stringsink_init(stringsink *sink) {
+  upb_byteshandler_init(&sink->handler);
+  upb_byteshandler_setstartstr(&sink->handler, stringsink_start, NULL);
+  upb_byteshandler_setstring(&sink->handler, stringsink_string, NULL);
+
+  upb_bytessink_reset(&sink->sink, &sink->handler, sink);
+
+  sink->size = 32;
+  sink->ptr = malloc(sink->size);
+  sink->len = 0;
+}
+
+void stringsink_uninit(stringsink *sink) {
+  free(sink->ptr);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Parsing.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define DEREF(msg, ofs, type) *(type*)(((uint8_t *)msg) + ofs)
+
+typedef struct {
+  size_t ofs;
+  int32_t hasbit;
+} field_handlerdata_t;
+
+// Creates a handlerdata that contains the offset and the hasbit for the field
+static const void* newhandlerdata(upb_handlers* h, uint32_t ofs, int32_t hasbit) {
+  field_handlerdata_t *hd = ALLOC(field_handlerdata_t);
+  hd->ofs = ofs;
+  hd->hasbit = hasbit;
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd, xfree);
+  return hd;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  size_t ofs;
+  int32_t hasbit;
+  upb_fieldtype_t wrapped_type;  // Only for wrappers.
+  VALUE subklass;
+} submsg_handlerdata_t;
+
+// Creates a handlerdata that contains offset and submessage type information.
+static const void *newsubmsghandlerdata(upb_handlers* h,
+                                        const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                        uint32_t ofs,
+                                        int32_t hasbit,
+                                        VALUE subklass) {
+  submsg_handlerdata_t *hd = ALLOC(submsg_handlerdata_t);
+  const upb_msgdef *subm = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f);
+  hd->ofs = ofs;
+  hd->hasbit = hasbit;
+  hd->subklass = subklass;
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd, xfree);
+  if (is_wrapper(subm)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *value_f = upb_msgdef_itof(subm, 1);
+    hd->wrapped_type = upb_fielddef_type(value_f);
+  }
+  return hd;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  size_t ofs;              // union data slot
+  size_t case_ofs;         // oneof_case field
+  uint32_t oneof_case_num; // oneof-case number to place in oneof_case field
+  VALUE subklass;
+} oneof_handlerdata_t;
+
+static const void *newoneofhandlerdata(upb_handlers *h,
+                                       uint32_t ofs,
+                                       uint32_t case_ofs,
+                                       const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                       const Descriptor* desc) {
+  oneof_handlerdata_t *hd = ALLOC(oneof_handlerdata_t);
+  hd->ofs = ofs;
+  hd->case_ofs = case_ofs;
+  // We reuse the field tag number as a oneof union discriminant tag. Note that
+  // we don't expose these numbers to the user, so the only requirement is that
+  // we have some unique ID for each union case/possibility. The field tag
+  // numbers are already present and are easy to use so there's no reason to
+  // create a separate ID space. In addition, using the field tag number here
+  // lets us easily look up the field in the oneof accessor.
+  hd->oneof_case_num = upb_fielddef_number(f);
+  if (is_value_field(f)) {
+    hd->oneof_case_num |= ONEOF_CASE_MASK;
+  }
+  hd->subklass = field_type_class(desc->layout, f);
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd, xfree);
+  return hd;
+}
+
+// A handler that starts a repeated field.  Gets the Repeated*Field instance for
+// this field (such an instance always exists even in an empty message).
+static void *startseq_handler(void* closure, const void* hd) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const size_t *ofs = hd;
+  return (void*)DEREF(msg, *ofs, VALUE);
+}
+
+// Handlers that append primitive values to a repeated field.
+#define DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(type, ctype)                 \
+  static bool append##type##_handler(void *closure, const void *hd, \
+                                     ctype val) {                   \
+    VALUE ary = (VALUE)closure;                                     \
+    RepeatedField_push_native(ary, &val);                           \
+    return true;                                                    \
+  }
+
+DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(bool,   bool)
+DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(int32,  int32_t)
+DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(uint32, uint32_t)
+DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(float,  float)
+DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(int64,  int64_t)
+DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(uint64, uint64_t)
+DEFINE_APPEND_HANDLER(double, double)
+
+// Appends a string to a repeated field.
+static void* appendstr_handler(void *closure,
+                               const void *hd,
+                               size_t size_hint) {
+  VALUE ary = (VALUE)closure;
+  VALUE str = rb_str_new2("");
+  rb_enc_associate(str, kRubyStringUtf8Encoding);
+  RepeatedField_push_native(ary, &str);
+  return (void*)str;
+}
+
+static void set_hasbit(void *closure, int32_t hasbit) {
+  if (hasbit > 0) {
+    uint8_t* storage = closure;
+    storage[hasbit/8] |= 1 << (hasbit % 8);
+  }
+}
+
+// Appends a 'bytes' string to a repeated field.
+static void* appendbytes_handler(void *closure,
+                                 const void *hd,
+                                 size_t size_hint) {
+  VALUE ary = (VALUE)closure;
+  VALUE str = rb_str_new2("");
+  rb_enc_associate(str, kRubyString8bitEncoding);
+  RepeatedField_push_native(ary, &str);
+  return (void*)str;
+}
+
+// Sets a non-repeated string field in a message.
+static void* str_handler(void *closure,
+                         const void *hd,
+                         size_t size_hint) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const field_handlerdata_t *fieldhandler = hd;
+
+  VALUE str = rb_str_new2("");
+  rb_enc_associate(str, kRubyStringUtf8Encoding);
+  DEREF(msg, fieldhandler->ofs, VALUE) = str;
+  set_hasbit(closure, fieldhandler->hasbit);
+  return (void*)str;
+}
+
+// Sets a non-repeated 'bytes' field in a message.
+static void* bytes_handler(void *closure,
+                           const void *hd,
+                           size_t size_hint) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const field_handlerdata_t *fieldhandler = hd;
+
+  VALUE str = rb_str_new2("");
+  rb_enc_associate(str, kRubyString8bitEncoding);
+  DEREF(msg, fieldhandler->ofs, VALUE) = str;
+  set_hasbit(closure, fieldhandler->hasbit);
+  return (void*)str;
+}
+
+static size_t stringdata_handler(void* closure, const void* hd,
+                                 const char* str, size_t len,
+                                 const upb_bufhandle* handle) {
+  VALUE rb_str = (VALUE)closure;
+  noleak_rb_str_cat(rb_str, str, len);
+  return len;
+}
+
+static bool stringdata_end_handler(void* closure, const void* hd) {
+  VALUE rb_str = (VALUE)closure;
+  rb_obj_freeze(rb_str);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool appendstring_end_handler(void* closure, const void* hd) {
+  VALUE rb_str = (VALUE)closure;
+  rb_obj_freeze(rb_str);
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Appends a submessage to a repeated field (a regular Ruby array for now).
+static void *appendsubmsg_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  VALUE ary = (VALUE)closure;
+  const submsg_handlerdata_t *submsgdata = hd;
+  MessageHeader* submsg;
+
+  VALUE submsg_rb = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, submsgdata->subklass);
+  RepeatedField_push(ary, submsg_rb);
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(submsg_rb, MessageHeader, &Message_type, submsg);
+  return submsg;
+}
+
+// Appends a wrapper to a repeated field (a regular Ruby array for now).
+static void *appendwrapper_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  VALUE ary = (VALUE)closure;
+  int size = RepeatedField_size(ary);
+  (void)hd;
+
+  RepeatedField_push(ary, Qnil);
+
+  return RepeatedField_index_native(ary, size);
+}
+
+// Sets a non-repeated submessage field in a message.
+static void *submsg_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const submsg_handlerdata_t* submsgdata = hd;
+  VALUE submsg_rb;
+  MessageHeader* submsg;
+
+  if (DEREF(msg, submsgdata->ofs, VALUE) == Qnil) {
+    DEREF(msg, submsgdata->ofs, VALUE) =
+        rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, submsgdata->subklass);
+  }
+
+  set_hasbit(closure, submsgdata->hasbit);
+
+  submsg_rb = DEREF(msg, submsgdata->ofs, VALUE);
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(submsg_rb, MessageHeader, &Message_type, submsg);
+
+  return submsg;
+}
+
+static void* startwrapper(void* closure, const void* hd) {
+  const submsg_handlerdata_t* submsgdata = hd;
+  char* msg = closure;
+  VALUE* field = (VALUE*)(msg + submsgdata->ofs);
+
+  set_hasbit(closure, submsgdata->hasbit);
+
+  switch (submsgdata->wrapped_type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      *field = DBL2NUM(0);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      *field = Qfalse;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      *field = get_frozen_string(NULL, 0, false);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      *field = get_frozen_string(NULL, 0, true);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      *field = INT2NUM(0);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+               "Internal logic error with well-known types.");
+  }
+
+  return field;
+}
+
+// Handler data for startmap/endmap handlers.
+typedef struct {
+  size_t ofs;
+  upb_fieldtype_t key_field_type;
+  upb_fieldtype_t value_field_type;
+  VALUE subklass;
+} map_handlerdata_t;
+
+// Temporary frame for map parsing: at the beginning of a map entry message, a
+// submsg handler allocates a frame to hold (i) a reference to the Map object
+// into which this message will be inserted and (ii) storage slots to
+// temporarily hold the key and value for this map entry until the end of the
+// submessage. When the submessage ends, another handler is called to insert the
+// value into the map.
+typedef struct {
+  VALUE map;
+  const map_handlerdata_t* handlerdata;
+  char key_storage[NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE];
+  char value_storage[NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE];
+} map_parse_frame_t;
+
+static void MapParseFrame_mark(void* _self) {
+  map_parse_frame_t* frame = _self;
+
+  // This shouldn't strictly be necessary since this should be rooted by the
+  // message itself, but it can't hurt.
+  rb_gc_mark(frame->map);
+
+  native_slot_mark(frame->handlerdata->key_field_type, &frame->key_storage);
+  native_slot_mark(frame->handlerdata->value_field_type, &frame->value_storage);
+}
+
+void MapParseFrame_free(void* self) {
+  xfree(self);
+}
+
+rb_data_type_t MapParseFrame_type = {
+  "MapParseFrame",
+  { MapParseFrame_mark, MapParseFrame_free, NULL },
+};
+
+// Handler to begin a map entry: allocates a temporary frame. This is the
+// 'startsubmsg' handler on the msgdef that contains the map field.
+static void *startmap_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const map_handlerdata_t* mapdata = hd;
+  map_parse_frame_t* frame = ALLOC(map_parse_frame_t);
+  VALUE map_rb = DEREF(msg, mapdata->ofs, VALUE);
+
+  frame->handlerdata = mapdata;
+  frame->map = map_rb;
+  native_slot_init(mapdata->key_field_type, &frame->key_storage);
+  native_slot_init(mapdata->value_field_type, &frame->value_storage);
+
+  Map_set_frame(map_rb,
+                TypedData_Wrap_Struct(rb_cObject, &MapParseFrame_type, frame));
+
+  return frame;
+}
+
+static bool endmap_handler(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const map_handlerdata_t* mapdata = hd;
+  VALUE map_rb = DEREF(msg, mapdata->ofs, VALUE);
+  Map_set_frame(map_rb, Qnil);
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Handler to end a map entry: inserts the value defined during the message into
+// the map. This is the 'endmsg' handler on the map entry msgdef.
+static bool endmapentry_handler(void* closure, const void* hd, upb_status* s) {
+  map_parse_frame_t* frame = closure;
+  const map_handlerdata_t* mapdata = hd;
+
+  VALUE key = native_slot_get(
+      mapdata->key_field_type, Qnil,
+      &frame->key_storage);
+
+  VALUE value = native_slot_get(
+      mapdata->value_field_type, mapdata->subklass,
+      &frame->value_storage);
+
+  Map_index_set(frame->map, key, value);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Allocates a new map_handlerdata_t given the map entry message definition. If
+// the offset of the field within the parent message is also given, that is
+// added to the handler data as well. Note that this is called *twice* per map
+// field: once in the parent message handler setup when setting the startsubmsg
+// handler and once in the map entry message handler setup when setting the
+// key/value and endmsg handlers. The reason is that there is no easy way to
+// pass the handlerdata down to the sub-message handler setup.
+static map_handlerdata_t* new_map_handlerdata(
+    size_t ofs,
+    const upb_msgdef* mapentry_def,
+    const Descriptor* desc) {
+  const upb_fielddef* key_field;
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field;
+  map_handlerdata_t* hd = ALLOC(map_handlerdata_t);
+  hd->ofs = ofs;
+  key_field = upb_msgdef_itof(mapentry_def, MAP_KEY_FIELD);
+  assert(key_field != NULL);
+  hd->key_field_type = upb_fielddef_type(key_field);
+  value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(mapentry_def, MAP_VALUE_FIELD);
+  assert(value_field != NULL);
+  hd->value_field_type = upb_fielddef_type(value_field);
+  hd->subklass = field_type_class(desc->layout, value_field);
+
+  return hd;
+}
+
+// Handlers that set primitive values in oneofs.
+#define DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(type, ctype)                           \
+  static bool oneof##type##_handler(void *closure, const void *hd,  \
+                                     ctype val) {                   \
+    const oneof_handlerdata_t *oneofdata = hd;                      \
+    DEREF(closure, oneofdata->case_ofs, uint32_t) =                 \
+        oneofdata->oneof_case_num;                                  \
+    DEREF(closure, oneofdata->ofs, ctype) = val;                    \
+    return true;                                                    \
+  }
+
+DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(bool,   bool)
+DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(int32,  int32_t)
+DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(uint32, uint32_t)
+DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(float,  float)
+DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(int64,  int64_t)
+DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(uint64, uint64_t)
+DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER(double, double)
+
+#undef DEFINE_ONEOF_HANDLER
+
+// Handlers for strings in a oneof.
+static void *oneofstr_handler(void *closure,
+                              const void *hd,
+                              size_t size_hint) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const oneof_handlerdata_t *oneofdata = hd;
+  VALUE str = rb_str_new2("");
+  rb_enc_associate(str, kRubyStringUtf8Encoding);
+  DEREF(msg, oneofdata->case_ofs, uint32_t) =
+      oneofdata->oneof_case_num;
+  DEREF(msg, oneofdata->ofs, VALUE) = str;
+  return (void*)str;
+}
+
+static void *oneofbytes_handler(void *closure,
+                                const void *hd,
+                                size_t size_hint) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const oneof_handlerdata_t *oneofdata = hd;
+  VALUE str = rb_str_new2("");
+  rb_enc_associate(str, kRubyString8bitEncoding);
+  DEREF(msg, oneofdata->case_ofs, uint32_t) =
+      oneofdata->oneof_case_num;
+  DEREF(msg, oneofdata->ofs, VALUE) = str;
+  return (void*)str;
+}
+
+static bool oneofstring_end_handler(void* closure, const void* hd) {
+  VALUE rb_str = rb_str_new2("");
+  rb_obj_freeze(rb_str);
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Handler for a submessage field in a oneof.
+static void *oneofsubmsg_handler(void *closure,
+                                 const void *hd) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = closure;
+  const oneof_handlerdata_t *oneofdata = hd;
+  uint32_t oldcase = DEREF(msg, oneofdata->case_ofs, uint32_t);
+
+  VALUE submsg_rb;
+  MessageHeader* submsg;
+
+  if (oldcase != oneofdata->oneof_case_num ||
+      DEREF(msg, oneofdata->ofs, VALUE) == Qnil) {
+    DEREF(msg, oneofdata->ofs, VALUE) =
+        rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, oneofdata->subklass);
+  }
+  // Set the oneof case *after* allocating the new class instance -- otherwise,
+  // if the Ruby GC is invoked as part of a call into the VM, it might invoke
+  // our mark routines, and our mark routines might see the case value
+  // indicating a VALUE is present and expect a valid VALUE. See comment in
+  // layout_set() for more detail: basically, the change to the value and the
+  // case must be atomic w.r.t. the Ruby VM.
+  DEREF(msg, oneofdata->case_ofs, uint32_t) = oneofdata->oneof_case_num;
+
+  submsg_rb = DEREF(msg, oneofdata->ofs, VALUE);
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(submsg_rb, MessageHeader, &Message_type, submsg);
+  return submsg;
+}
+
+static void* oneof_startwrapper(void* closure, const void* hd) {
+  char* msg = closure;
+  const oneof_handlerdata_t *oneofdata = hd;
+
+  DEREF(msg, oneofdata->case_ofs, uint32_t) = oneofdata->oneof_case_num;
+
+  return msg + oneofdata->ofs;
+}
+
+// Set up handlers for a repeated field.
+static void add_handlers_for_repeated_field(upb_handlers *h,
+                                            const Descriptor* desc,
+                                            const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                            size_t offset) {
+  upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  attr.handler_data = newhandlerdata(h, offset, -1);
+  upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startseq_handler, &attr);
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+
+#define SET_HANDLER(utype, ltype)                                 \
+  case utype:                                                     \
+    upb_handlers_set##ltype(h, f, append##ltype##_handler, NULL); \
+    break;
+
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_BOOL,   bool);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_INT32,  int32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_ENUM,   int32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT,  float);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_INT64,  int64);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double);
+
+#undef SET_HANDLER
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      bool is_bytes = upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_BYTES;
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, is_bytes ?
+                               appendbytes_handler : appendstr_handler,
+                               NULL);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, stringdata_handler, NULL);
+      upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, appendstring_end_handler, NULL);
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      VALUE subklass = field_type_class(desc->layout, f);
+      upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+      attr.handler_data = newsubmsghandlerdata(h, f, 0, -1, subklass);
+      if (is_wrapper(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f))) {
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, appendwrapper_handler, &attr);
+      } else {
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, appendsubmsg_handler, &attr);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static bool doublewrapper_handler(void* closure, const void* hd, double val) {
+  VALUE* rbval = closure;
+  *rbval = DBL2NUM(val);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool floatwrapper_handler(void* closure, const void* hd, float val) {
+  VALUE* rbval = closure;
+  *rbval = DBL2NUM(val);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool int64wrapper_handler(void* closure, const void* hd, int64_t val) {
+  VALUE* rbval = closure;
+  *rbval = LL2NUM(val);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool uint64wrapper_handler(void* closure, const void* hd, uint64_t val) {
+  VALUE* rbval = closure;
+  *rbval = ULL2NUM(val);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool int32wrapper_handler(void* closure, const void* hd, int32_t val) {
+  VALUE* rbval = closure;
+  *rbval = INT2NUM(val);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool uint32wrapper_handler(void* closure, const void* hd, uint32_t val) {
+  VALUE* rbval = closure;
+  *rbval = UINT2NUM(val);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void* startstringwrapper_handler(void* closure, const void* hd,
+                                        size_t size_hint) {
+  VALUE* rbval = closure;
+  (void)size_hint;
+  *rbval = rb_str_new(NULL, 0);
+  rb_enc_associate(*rbval, kRubyStringUtf8Encoding);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static size_t stringwrapper_handler(void* closure, const void* hd,
+                                    const char* ptr, size_t len,
+                                    const upb_bufhandle* handle) {
+  VALUE* rbval = closure;
+  *rbval = noleak_rb_str_cat(*rbval, ptr, len);
+  return len;
+}
+
+static void* startbyteswrapper_handler(void* closure, const void* hd,
+                                       size_t size_hint) {
+  VALUE* rbval = closure;
+  (void)size_hint;
+  *rbval = rb_str_new(NULL, 0);
+  rb_enc_associate(*rbval, kRubyString8bitEncoding);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static size_t byteswrapper_handler(void* closure, const void* hd,
+                                   const char* ptr, size_t len,
+                                   const upb_bufhandle* handle) {
+  VALUE* rbval = closure;
+  *rbval = noleak_rb_str_cat(*rbval, ptr, len);
+  return len;
+}
+
+static bool boolwrapper_handler(void* closure, const void* hd, bool val) {
+  VALUE* rbval = closure;
+  if (val) {
+    *rbval = Qtrue;
+  } else {
+    *rbval = Qfalse;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Set up handlers for a singular field.
+static void add_handlers_for_singular_field(const Descriptor* desc,
+                                            upb_handlers* h,
+                                            const upb_fielddef* f,
+                                            size_t offset, size_t hasbit_off) {
+  // The offset we pass to UPB points to the start of the Message,
+  // rather than the start of where our data is stored.
+  int32_t hasbit = -1;
+  if (hasbit_off != MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_HASBIT) {
+    hasbit = hasbit_off + sizeof(MessageHeader) * 8;
+  }
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      upb_msg_setscalarhandler(h, f, offset, hasbit);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      bool is_bytes = upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_BYTES;
+      upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+      attr.handler_data = newhandlerdata(h, offset, hasbit);
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f,
+                               is_bytes ? bytes_handler : str_handler,
+                               &attr);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, stringdata_handler, &attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, stringdata_end_handler, &attr);
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+      attr.handler_data = newsubmsghandlerdata(
+          h, f, offset, hasbit, field_type_class(desc->layout, f));
+      if (is_wrapper(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f))) {
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, startwrapper, &attr);
+      } else {
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, submsg_handler, &attr);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Adds handlers to a map field.
+static void add_handlers_for_mapfield(upb_handlers* h,
+                                      const upb_fielddef* fielddef,
+                                      size_t offset,
+                                      const Descriptor* desc) {
+  const upb_msgdef* map_msgdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(fielddef);
+  map_handlerdata_t* hd = new_map_handlerdata(offset, map_msgdef, desc);
+  upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd, xfree);
+  attr.handler_data = hd;
+  upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, fielddef, startmap_handler, &attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, fielddef, endmap_handler, &attr);
+}
+
+// Adds handlers to a map-entry msgdef.
+static void add_handlers_for_mapentry(const upb_msgdef* msgdef, upb_handlers* h,
+                                      const Descriptor* desc) {
+  const upb_fielddef* key_field = map_entry_key(msgdef);
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field = map_entry_value(msgdef);
+  map_handlerdata_t* hd = new_map_handlerdata(0, msgdef, desc);
+  upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd, xfree);
+  attr.handler_data = hd;
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, endmapentry_handler, &attr);
+
+  add_handlers_for_singular_field(
+      desc, h, key_field,
+      offsetof(map_parse_frame_t, key_storage),
+      MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_HASBIT);
+  add_handlers_for_singular_field(
+      desc, h, value_field,
+      offsetof(map_parse_frame_t, value_storage),
+      MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_HASBIT);
+}
+
+static void add_handlers_for_wrapper(const upb_msgdef* msgdef,
+                                     upb_handlers* h) {
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(msgdef, 1);
+  switch (upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(msgdef)) {
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_DOUBLEVALUE:
+      upb_handlers_setdouble(h, f, doublewrapper_handler, NULL);
+      break;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_FLOATVALUE:
+      upb_handlers_setfloat(h, f, floatwrapper_handler, NULL);
+      break;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT64VALUE:
+      upb_handlers_setint64(h, f, int64wrapper_handler, NULL);
+      break;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT64VALUE:
+      upb_handlers_setuint64(h, f, uint64wrapper_handler, NULL);
+      break;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT32VALUE:
+      upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, int32wrapper_handler, NULL);
+      break;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT32VALUE:
+      upb_handlers_setuint32(h, f, uint32wrapper_handler, NULL);
+      break;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRINGVALUE:
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, startstringwrapper_handler, NULL);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, stringwrapper_handler, NULL);
+      break;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_BYTESVALUE:
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, startbyteswrapper_handler, NULL);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, byteswrapper_handler, NULL);
+      break;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE:
+      upb_handlers_setbool(h, f, boolwrapper_handler, NULL);
+      return;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+               "Internal logic error with well-known types.");
+  }
+}
+
+// Set up handlers for a oneof field.
+static void add_handlers_for_oneof_field(upb_handlers *h,
+                                         const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                         size_t offset,
+                                         size_t oneof_case_offset,
+                                         const Descriptor* desc) {
+  upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  attr.handler_data =
+      newoneofhandlerdata(h, offset, oneof_case_offset, f, desc);
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+
+#define SET_HANDLER(utype, ltype)                                 \
+  case utype:                                                     \
+    upb_handlers_set##ltype(h, f, oneof##ltype##_handler, &attr); \
+    break;
+
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_BOOL,   bool);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_INT32,  int32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_ENUM,   int32);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT,  float);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_INT64,  int64);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64);
+    SET_HANDLER(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double);
+
+#undef SET_HANDLER
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      bool is_bytes = upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_BYTES;
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, is_bytes ?
+                               oneofbytes_handler : oneofstr_handler,
+                               &attr);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, stringdata_handler, NULL);
+      upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, oneofstring_end_handler, &attr);
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      if (is_wrapper(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f))) {
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, oneof_startwrapper, &attr);
+      } else {
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, oneofsubmsg_handler, &attr);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static bool unknown_field_handler(void* closure, const void* hd,
+                                  const char* buf, size_t size) {
+  MessageHeader* msg = (MessageHeader*)closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+
+  if (msg->unknown_fields == NULL) {
+    msg->unknown_fields = malloc(sizeof(stringsink));
+    stringsink_init(msg->unknown_fields);
+  }
+
+  stringsink_string(msg->unknown_fields, NULL, buf, size, NULL);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+size_t get_field_offset(MessageLayout* layout, const upb_fielddef* f) {
+  return layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].offset + sizeof(MessageHeader);
+}
+
+void add_handlers_for_message(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const VALUE descriptor_pool = (VALUE)closure;
+  const upb_msgdef* msgdef = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  Descriptor* desc =
+      ruby_to_Descriptor(get_msgdef_obj(descriptor_pool, msgdef));
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  // Ensure layout exists. We may be invoked to create handlers for a given
+  // message if we are included as a submsg of another message type before our
+  // class is actually built, so to work around this, we just create the layout
+  // (and handlers, in the class-building function) on-demand.
+  if (desc->layout == NULL) {
+    create_layout(desc);
+  }
+
+  // If this is a mapentry message type, set up a special set of handlers and
+  // bail out of the normal (user-defined) message type handling.
+  if (upb_msgdef_mapentry(msgdef)) {
+    add_handlers_for_mapentry(msgdef, h, desc);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // If this is a wrapper type, use special handlers and bail.
+  if (is_wrapper(msgdef)) {
+    add_handlers_for_wrapper(msgdef, h);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  upb_handlers_setunknown(h, unknown_field_handler, &attr);
+
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&i, desc->msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+    const upb_oneofdef *oneof = upb_fielddef_containingoneof(f);
+    size_t offset = get_field_offset(desc->layout, f);
+
+    if (oneof) {
+      size_t oneof_case_offset =
+          desc->layout->oneofs[upb_oneofdef_index(oneof)].case_offset +
+          sizeof(MessageHeader);
+      add_handlers_for_oneof_field(h, f, offset, oneof_case_offset, desc);
+    } else if (is_map_field(f)) {
+      add_handlers_for_mapfield(h, f, offset, desc);
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+      add_handlers_for_repeated_field(h, desc, f, offset);
+    } else {
+      add_handlers_for_singular_field(
+          desc, h, f, offset,
+          desc->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].hasbit);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Constructs the handlers for filling a message's data into an in-memory
+// object.
+const upb_handlers* get_fill_handlers(Descriptor* desc) {
+  DescriptorPool* pool = ruby_to_DescriptorPool(desc->descriptor_pool);
+  return upb_handlercache_get(pool->fill_handler_cache, desc->msgdef);
+}
+
+static const upb_pbdecodermethod *msgdef_decodermethod(Descriptor* desc) {
+  DescriptorPool* pool = ruby_to_DescriptorPool(desc->descriptor_pool);
+  return upb_pbcodecache_get(pool->fill_method_cache, desc->msgdef);
+}
+
+static const upb_json_parsermethod *msgdef_jsonparsermethod(Descriptor* desc) {
+  DescriptorPool* pool = ruby_to_DescriptorPool(desc->descriptor_pool);
+  return upb_json_codecache_get(pool->json_fill_method_cache, desc->msgdef);
+}
+
+static const upb_handlers* msgdef_pb_serialize_handlers(Descriptor* desc) {
+  DescriptorPool* pool = ruby_to_DescriptorPool(desc->descriptor_pool);
+  return upb_handlercache_get(pool->pb_serialize_handler_cache, desc->msgdef);
+}
+
+static const upb_handlers* msgdef_json_serialize_handlers(
+    Descriptor* desc, bool preserve_proto_fieldnames) {
+  DescriptorPool* pool = ruby_to_DescriptorPool(desc->descriptor_pool);
+  if (preserve_proto_fieldnames) {
+    return upb_handlercache_get(pool->json_serialize_handler_preserve_cache,
+                                desc->msgdef);
+  } else {
+    return upb_handlercache_get(pool->json_serialize_handler_cache,
+                                desc->msgdef);
+  }
+}
+
+
+// Stack-allocated context during an encode/decode operation. Contains the upb
+// environment and its stack-based allocator, an initial buffer for allocations
+// to avoid malloc() when possible, and a template for Ruby exception messages
+// if any error occurs.
+#define STACK_ENV_STACKBYTES 4096
+typedef struct {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  upb_status status;
+  const char* ruby_error_template;
+  char allocbuf[STACK_ENV_STACKBYTES];
+} stackenv;
+
+static void stackenv_init(stackenv* se, const char* errmsg);
+static void stackenv_uninit(stackenv* se);
+
+static void stackenv_init(stackenv* se, const char* errmsg) {
+  se->ruby_error_template = errmsg;
+  se->arena =
+      upb_arena_init(se->allocbuf, sizeof(se->allocbuf), &upb_alloc_global);
+  upb_status_clear(&se->status);
+}
+
+static void stackenv_uninit(stackenv* se) {
+  upb_arena_free(se->arena);
+
+  if (!upb_ok(&se->status)) {
+    // TODO(haberman): have a way to verify that this is actually a parse error,
+    // instead of just throwing "parse error" unconditionally.
+    VALUE errmsg = rb_str_new2(upb_status_errmsg(&se->status));
+    rb_raise(cParseError, se->ruby_error_template, errmsg);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     MessageClass.decode(data) => message
+ *
+ * Decodes the given data (as a string containing bytes in protocol buffers wire
+ * format) under the interpretration given by this message class's definition
+ * and returns a message object with the corresponding field values.
+ */
+VALUE Message_decode(VALUE klass, VALUE data) {
+  VALUE descriptor = rb_ivar_get(klass, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+  Descriptor* desc = ruby_to_Descriptor(descriptor);
+  VALUE msgklass = Descriptor_msgclass(descriptor);
+  VALUE msg_rb;
+  MessageHeader* msg;
+
+  if (TYPE(data) != T_STRING) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected string for binary protobuf data.");
+  }
+
+  msg_rb = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, msgklass);
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(msg_rb, MessageHeader, &Message_type, msg);
+
+  {
+    const upb_pbdecodermethod* method = msgdef_decodermethod(desc);
+    const upb_handlers* h = upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(method);
+    const upb_msgdef* m = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+    VALUE wrapper = Qnil;
+    void* ptr = msg;
+    stackenv se;
+    upb_sink sink;
+    upb_pbdecoder* decoder;
+    stackenv_init(&se, "Error occurred during parsing: %" PRIsVALUE);
+
+    if (is_wrapper(m)) {
+      ptr = &wrapper;
+    }
+
+    upb_sink_reset(&sink, h, ptr);
+    decoder = upb_pbdecoder_create(se.arena, method, sink, &se.status);
+    upb_bufsrc_putbuf(RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data),
+                      upb_pbdecoder_input(decoder));
+
+    stackenv_uninit(&se);
+
+    if (is_wrapper(m)) {
+      msg_rb = ruby_wrapper_type(msgklass, wrapper);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return msg_rb;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     MessageClass.decode_json(data, options = {}) => message
+ *
+ * Decodes the given data (as a string containing bytes in protocol buffers wire
+ * format) under the interpretration given by this message class's definition
+ * and returns a message object with the corresponding field values.
+ *
+ *  @param options [Hash] options for the decoder
+ *   ignore_unknown_fields: set true to ignore unknown fields (default is to
+ *   raise an error)
+ */
+VALUE Message_decode_json(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE klass) {
+  VALUE descriptor = rb_ivar_get(klass, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+  Descriptor* desc = ruby_to_Descriptor(descriptor);
+  VALUE msgklass = Descriptor_msgclass(descriptor);
+  VALUE msg_rb;
+  VALUE data = argv[0];
+  VALUE ignore_unknown_fields = Qfalse;
+  MessageHeader* msg;
+
+  if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected 1 or 2 arguments.");
+  }
+
+  if (argc == 2) {
+    VALUE hash_args = argv[1];
+    if (TYPE(hash_args) != T_HASH) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected hash arguments.");
+    }
+
+    ignore_unknown_fields = rb_hash_lookup2(
+        hash_args, ID2SYM(rb_intern("ignore_unknown_fields")), Qfalse);
+  }
+
+  if (TYPE(data) != T_STRING) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected string for JSON data.");
+  }
+
+  // TODO(cfallin): Check and respect string encoding. If not UTF-8, we need to
+  // convert, because string handlers pass data directly to message string
+  // fields.
+
+  msg_rb = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, msgklass);
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(msg_rb, MessageHeader, &Message_type, msg);
+
+  {
+    const upb_json_parsermethod* method = msgdef_jsonparsermethod(desc);
+    const upb_handlers* h = get_fill_handlers(desc);
+    const upb_msgdef* m = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+    stackenv se;
+    upb_sink sink;
+    upb_json_parser* parser;
+    DescriptorPool* pool = ruby_to_DescriptorPool(generated_pool);
+    stackenv_init(&se, "Error occurred during parsing: %" PRIsVALUE);
+
+    if (is_wrapper(m)) {
+      rb_raise(
+          rb_eRuntimeError,
+          "Parsing a wrapper type from JSON at the top level does not work.");
+    }
+
+    upb_sink_reset(&sink, h, msg);
+    parser = upb_json_parser_create(se.arena, method, pool->symtab, sink,
+                                    &se.status, RTEST(ignore_unknown_fields));
+    upb_bufsrc_putbuf(RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data),
+                      upb_json_parser_input(parser));
+
+    stackenv_uninit(&se);
+  }
+
+  return msg_rb;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Serializing.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/* msgvisitor *****************************************************************/
+
+static void putmsg(VALUE msg, const Descriptor* desc, upb_sink sink, int depth,
+                   bool emit_defaults, bool is_json, bool open_msg);
+
+static upb_selector_t getsel(const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  upb_selector_t ret;
+  bool ok = upb_handlers_getselector(f, type, &ret);
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static void putstr(VALUE str, const upb_fielddef *f, upb_sink sink) {
+  upb_sink subsink;
+
+  if (str == Qnil) return;
+
+  assert(BUILTIN_TYPE(str) == RUBY_T_STRING);
+
+  // We should be guaranteed that the string has the correct encoding because
+  // we ensured this at assignment time and then froze the string.
+  if (upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_STRING) {
+    assert(rb_enc_from_index(ENCODING_GET(str)) == kRubyStringUtf8Encoding);
+  } else {
+    assert(rb_enc_from_index(ENCODING_GET(str)) == kRubyString8bitEncoding);
+  }
+
+  upb_sink_startstr(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR), RSTRING_LEN(str),
+                    &subsink);
+  upb_sink_putstring(subsink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STRING), RSTRING_PTR(str),
+                     RSTRING_LEN(str), NULL);
+  upb_sink_endstr(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR));
+}
+
+static void putsubmsg(VALUE submsg, const upb_fielddef *f, upb_sink sink,
+                      int depth, bool emit_defaults, bool is_json) {
+  upb_sink subsink;
+  VALUE descriptor;
+  Descriptor* subdesc;
+
+  if (submsg == Qnil) return;
+
+  descriptor = rb_ivar_get(submsg, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+  subdesc = ruby_to_Descriptor(descriptor);
+
+  upb_sink_startsubmsg(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG), &subsink);
+  putmsg(submsg, subdesc, subsink, depth + 1, emit_defaults, is_json, true);
+  upb_sink_endsubmsg(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG));
+}
+
+static void putary(VALUE ary, const upb_fielddef* f, upb_sink sink, int depth,
+                   bool emit_defaults, bool is_json) {
+  upb_sink subsink;
+  upb_fieldtype_t type = upb_fielddef_type(f);
+  upb_selector_t sel = 0;
+  int size;
+  int i;
+  VALUE type_class = ruby_to_RepeatedField(ary)->field_type_class;
+
+  if (ary == Qnil) return;
+  if (!emit_defaults && NUM2INT(RepeatedField_length(ary)) == 0) return;
+
+  size = NUM2INT(RepeatedField_length(ary));
+  if (size == 0 && !emit_defaults) return;
+
+  upb_sink_startseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ), &subsink);
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_isprimitive(f)) {
+    sel = getsel(f, upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(f));
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    void* memory = RepeatedField_index_native(ary, i);
+    switch (type) {
+#define T(upbtypeconst, upbtype, ctype)                     \
+  case upbtypeconst:                                        \
+    upb_sink_put##upbtype(subsink, sel, *((ctype*)memory)); \
+    break;
+
+      T(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT,  float,  float)
+      T(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double, double)
+      T(UPB_TYPE_BOOL,   bool,   int8_t)
+      case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+      T(UPB_TYPE_INT32,  int32,  int32_t)
+      T(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32, uint32_t)
+      T(UPB_TYPE_INT64,  int64,  int64_t)
+      T(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64, uint64_t)
+
+      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+        putstr(*((VALUE *)memory), f, subsink);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        VALUE val = native_slot_get(UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, type_class, memory);
+        putsubmsg(val, f, subsink, depth, emit_defaults, is_json);
+        break;
+      }
+
+#undef T
+
+    }
+  }
+  upb_sink_endseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ));
+}
+
+static void put_ruby_value(VALUE value, const upb_fielddef* f, VALUE type_class,
+                           int depth, upb_sink sink, bool emit_defaults,
+                           bool is_json) {
+  upb_selector_t sel = 0;
+
+  if (depth > ENCODE_MAX_NESTING) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Maximum recursion depth exceeded during encoding.");
+  }
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_isprimitive(f)) {
+    sel = getsel(f, upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(f));
+  }
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+      upb_sink_putint32(sink, sel, NUM2INT(value));
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+      upb_sink_putint64(sink, sel, NUM2LL(value));
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+      upb_sink_putuint32(sink, sel, NUM2UINT(value));
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      upb_sink_putuint64(sink, sel, NUM2ULL(value));
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      upb_sink_putfloat(sink, sel, NUM2DBL(value));
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      upb_sink_putdouble(sink, sel, NUM2DBL(value));
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      if (TYPE(value) == T_SYMBOL) {
+        value = rb_funcall(type_class, rb_intern("resolve"), 1, value);
+      }
+      upb_sink_putint32(sink, sel, NUM2INT(value));
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      upb_sink_putbool(sink, sel, value == Qtrue);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      putstr(value, f, sink);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      putsubmsg(value, f, sink, depth, emit_defaults, is_json);
+  }
+}
+
+static void putmap(VALUE map, const upb_fielddef* f, upb_sink sink, int depth,
+                   bool emit_defaults, bool is_json) {
+  Map* self;
+  upb_sink subsink;
+  const upb_fielddef* key_field;
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field;
+  Map_iter it;
+
+  if (map == Qnil) return;
+  if (!emit_defaults && Map_length(map) == 0) return;
+
+  self = ruby_to_Map(map);
+
+  upb_sink_startseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ), &subsink);
+
+  assert(upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE);
+  key_field = map_field_key(f);
+  value_field = map_field_value(f);
+
+  for (Map_begin(map, &it); !Map_done(&it); Map_next(&it)) {
+    VALUE key = Map_iter_key(&it);
+    VALUE value = Map_iter_value(&it);
+    upb_status status;
+
+    upb_sink entry_sink;
+    upb_sink_startsubmsg(subsink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG),
+                         &entry_sink);
+    upb_sink_startmsg(entry_sink);
+
+    put_ruby_value(key, key_field, Qnil, depth + 1, entry_sink, emit_defaults,
+                   is_json);
+    put_ruby_value(value, value_field, self->value_type_class, depth + 1,
+                   entry_sink, emit_defaults, is_json);
+
+    upb_sink_endmsg(entry_sink, &status);
+    upb_sink_endsubmsg(subsink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG));
+  }
+
+  upb_sink_endseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ));
+}
+
+static const upb_handlers* msgdef_json_serialize_handlers(
+    Descriptor* desc, bool preserve_proto_fieldnames);
+
+static void putjsonany(VALUE msg_rb, const Descriptor* desc, upb_sink sink,
+                       int depth, bool emit_defaults) {
+  upb_status status;
+  MessageHeader* msg = NULL;
+  const upb_fielddef* type_field = upb_msgdef_itof(desc->msgdef, UPB_ANY_TYPE);
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(desc->msgdef, UPB_ANY_VALUE);
+
+  size_t type_url_offset;
+  VALUE type_url_str_rb;
+  const upb_msgdef *payload_type = NULL;
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(msg_rb, MessageHeader, &Message_type, msg);
+
+  upb_sink_startmsg(sink);
+
+  /* Handle type url */
+  type_url_offset = desc->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(type_field)].offset;
+  type_url_str_rb = DEREF(Message_data(msg), type_url_offset, VALUE);
+  if (RSTRING_LEN(type_url_str_rb) > 0) {
+    putstr(type_url_str_rb, type_field, sink);
+  }
+
+  {
+    const char* type_url_str = RSTRING_PTR(type_url_str_rb);
+    size_t type_url_len = RSTRING_LEN(type_url_str_rb);
+    DescriptorPool* pool = ruby_to_DescriptorPool(generated_pool);
+
+    if (type_url_len <= 20 ||
+        strncmp(type_url_str, "type.googleapis.com/", 20) != 0) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Invalid type url: %s", type_url_str);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    /* Resolve type url */
+    type_url_str += 20;
+    type_url_len -= 20;
+
+    payload_type = upb_symtab_lookupmsg2(
+        pool->symtab, type_url_str, type_url_len);
+    if (payload_type == NULL) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Unknown type: %s", type_url_str);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    uint32_t value_offset;
+    VALUE value_str_rb;
+    size_t value_len;
+
+    value_offset = desc->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(value_field)].offset;
+    value_str_rb = DEREF(Message_data(msg), value_offset, VALUE);
+    value_len = RSTRING_LEN(value_str_rb);
+
+    if (value_len > 0) {
+      VALUE payload_desc_rb = get_msgdef_obj(generated_pool, payload_type);
+      Descriptor* payload_desc = ruby_to_Descriptor(payload_desc_rb);
+      VALUE payload_class = Descriptor_msgclass(payload_desc_rb);
+      upb_sink subsink;
+      bool is_wellknown;
+
+      VALUE payload_msg_rb = Message_decode(payload_class, value_str_rb);
+
+      is_wellknown =
+          upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(payload_desc->msgdef) !=
+              UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED;
+      if (is_wellknown) {
+        upb_sink_startstr(sink, getsel(value_field, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR), 0,
+                          &subsink);
+      }
+
+      subsink.handlers =
+          msgdef_json_serialize_handlers(payload_desc, true);
+      subsink.closure = sink.closure;
+      putmsg(payload_msg_rb, payload_desc, subsink, depth, emit_defaults, true,
+             is_wellknown);
+    }
+  }
+
+  upb_sink_endmsg(sink, &status);
+}
+
+static void putjsonlistvalue(
+    VALUE msg_rb, const Descriptor* desc,
+    upb_sink sink, int depth, bool emit_defaults) {
+  upb_status status;
+  upb_sink subsink;
+  MessageHeader* msg = NULL;
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(desc->msgdef, 1);
+  uint32_t offset =
+      desc->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].offset +
+      sizeof(MessageHeader);
+  VALUE ary;
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(msg_rb, MessageHeader, &Message_type, msg);
+
+  upb_sink_startmsg(sink);
+
+  ary = DEREF(msg, offset, VALUE);
+
+  if (ary == Qnil || RepeatedField_size(ary) == 0) {
+    upb_sink_startseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ), &subsink);
+    upb_sink_endseq(sink, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ));
+  } else {
+    putary(ary, f, sink, depth, emit_defaults, true);
+  }
+
+  upb_sink_endmsg(sink, &status);
+}
+
+static void putmsg(VALUE msg_rb, const Descriptor* desc,
+                   upb_sink sink, int depth, bool emit_defaults,
+                   bool is_json, bool open_msg) {
+  MessageHeader* msg;
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  upb_status status;
+  bool json_wrapper = is_wrapper(desc->msgdef) && is_json;
+
+  if (is_json &&
+      upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(desc->msgdef) == UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY) {
+    putjsonany(msg_rb, desc, sink, depth, emit_defaults);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (is_json &&
+      upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(desc->msgdef) == UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE) {
+    putjsonlistvalue(msg_rb, desc, sink, depth, emit_defaults);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (open_msg) {
+    upb_sink_startmsg(sink);
+  }
+
+  // Protect against cycles (possible because users may freely reassign message
+  // and repeated fields) by imposing a maximum recursion depth.
+  if (depth > ENCODE_MAX_NESTING) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "Maximum recursion depth exceeded during encoding.");
+  }
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(msg_rb, MessageHeader, &Message_type, msg);
+
+  if (desc != msg->descriptor) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
+             "The type of given msg is '%s', expect '%s'.",
+             upb_msgdef_fullname(msg->descriptor->msgdef),
+             upb_msgdef_fullname(desc->msgdef));
+  }
+
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&i, desc->msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+    const upb_oneofdef *oneof = upb_fielddef_containingoneof(f);
+    bool is_matching_oneof = false;
+    uint32_t offset =
+        desc->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].offset +
+        sizeof(MessageHeader);
+
+    if (oneof) {
+      uint32_t oneof_case =
+          slot_read_oneof_case(desc->layout, Message_data(msg), oneof);
+      // For a oneof, check that this field is actually present -- skip all the
+      // below if not.
+      if (oneof_case != upb_fielddef_number(f)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Otherwise, fall through to the appropriate singular-field handler
+      // below.
+      is_matching_oneof = true;
+    }
+
+    if (is_map_field(f)) {
+      VALUE map = DEREF(msg, offset, VALUE);
+      if (map != Qnil || emit_defaults) {
+        putmap(map, f, sink, depth, emit_defaults, is_json);
+      }
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+      VALUE ary = DEREF(msg, offset, VALUE);
+      if (ary != Qnil) {
+        putary(ary, f, sink, depth, emit_defaults, is_json);
+      }
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f)) {
+      VALUE str = DEREF(msg, offset, VALUE);
+      bool is_default = false;
+
+      if (upb_msgdef_syntax(desc->msgdef) == UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO2) {
+        is_default = layout_has(desc->layout, Message_data(msg), f) == Qfalse;
+      } else if (upb_msgdef_syntax(desc->msgdef) == UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+        is_default = RSTRING_LEN(str) == 0;
+      }
+
+      if (is_matching_oneof || emit_defaults || !is_default || json_wrapper) {
+        putstr(str, f, sink);
+      }
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      // OPT: could try to avoid the layout_get() (which will expand lazy
+      // wrappers).
+      VALUE val = layout_get(desc->layout, Message_data(msg), f);
+      putsubmsg(val, f, sink, depth, emit_defaults, is_json);
+    } else {
+      upb_selector_t sel = getsel(f, upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(f));
+
+#define T(upbtypeconst, upbtype, ctype, default_value)                       \
+  case upbtypeconst: {                                                       \
+    ctype value = DEREF(msg, offset, ctype);                                 \
+    bool is_default = false;                                                 \
+    if (upb_fielddef_haspresence(f)) {                                       \
+      is_default = layout_has(desc->layout, Message_data(msg), f) == Qfalse; \
+    } else if (upb_msgdef_syntax(desc->msgdef) == UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO3) {       \
+      is_default = default_value == value;                                   \
+    }                                                                        \
+    if (is_matching_oneof || emit_defaults || !is_default || json_wrapper) { \
+      upb_sink_put##upbtype(sink, sel, value);                               \
+    }                                                                        \
+  } break;
+
+      switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+        T(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT,  float,  float, 0.0)
+        T(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double, double, 0.0)
+        T(UPB_TYPE_BOOL,   bool,   uint8_t, 0)
+        case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+        T(UPB_TYPE_INT32,  int32,  int32_t, 0)
+        T(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32, uint32_t, 0)
+        T(UPB_TYPE_INT64,  int64,  int64_t, 0)
+        T(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64, uint64_t, 0)
+
+        case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+        case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+        case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Internal error.");
+      }
+
+#undef T
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    stringsink* unknown = msg->unknown_fields;
+    if (unknown != NULL) {
+      upb_sink_putunknown(sink, unknown->ptr, unknown->len);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (open_msg) {
+    upb_sink_endmsg(sink, &status);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     MessageClass.encode(msg) => bytes
+ *
+ * Encodes the given message object to its serialized form in protocol buffers
+ * wire format.
+ */
+VALUE Message_encode(VALUE klass, VALUE msg_rb) {
+  VALUE descriptor = rb_ivar_get(klass, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+  Descriptor* desc = ruby_to_Descriptor(descriptor);
+
+  stringsink sink;
+  stringsink_init(&sink);
+
+  {
+    const upb_handlers* serialize_handlers =
+        msgdef_pb_serialize_handlers(desc);
+
+    stackenv se;
+    upb_pb_encoder* encoder;
+    VALUE ret;
+
+    stackenv_init(&se, "Error occurred during encoding: %" PRIsVALUE);
+    encoder = upb_pb_encoder_create(se.arena, serialize_handlers, sink.sink);
+
+    putmsg(msg_rb, desc, upb_pb_encoder_input(encoder), 0, false, false, true);
+
+    ret = rb_str_new(sink.ptr, sink.len);
+
+    stackenv_uninit(&se);
+    stringsink_uninit(&sink);
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     MessageClass.encode_json(msg, options = {}) => json_string
+ *
+ * Encodes the given message object into its serialized JSON representation.
+ * @param options [Hash] options for the decoder
+ *  preserve_proto_fieldnames: set true to use original fieldnames (default is to camelCase)
+ *  emit_defaults: set true to emit 0/false values (default is to omit them)
+ */
+VALUE Message_encode_json(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE klass) {
+  VALUE descriptor = rb_ivar_get(klass, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+  Descriptor* desc = ruby_to_Descriptor(descriptor);
+  VALUE msg_rb;
+  VALUE preserve_proto_fieldnames = Qfalse;
+  VALUE emit_defaults = Qfalse;
+  stringsink sink;
+
+  if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected 1 or 2 arguments.");
+  }
+
+  msg_rb = argv[0];
+
+  if (argc == 2) {
+    VALUE hash_args = argv[1];
+    if (TYPE(hash_args) != T_HASH) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected hash arguments.");
+    }
+    preserve_proto_fieldnames = rb_hash_lookup2(
+        hash_args, ID2SYM(rb_intern("preserve_proto_fieldnames")), Qfalse);
+
+    emit_defaults = rb_hash_lookup2(
+        hash_args, ID2SYM(rb_intern("emit_defaults")), Qfalse);
+  }
+
+  stringsink_init(&sink);
+
+  {
+    const upb_handlers* serialize_handlers =
+        msgdef_json_serialize_handlers(desc, RTEST(preserve_proto_fieldnames));
+    upb_json_printer* printer;
+    stackenv se;
+    VALUE ret;
+
+    stackenv_init(&se, "Error occurred during encoding: %" PRIsVALUE);
+    printer = upb_json_printer_create(se.arena, serialize_handlers, sink.sink);
+
+    putmsg(msg_rb, desc, upb_json_printer_input(printer), 0,
+           RTEST(emit_defaults), true, true);
+
+    ret = rb_enc_str_new(sink.ptr, sink.len, rb_utf8_encoding());
+
+    stackenv_uninit(&se);
+    stringsink_uninit(&sink);
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+}
+
+static void discard_unknown(VALUE msg_rb, const Descriptor* desc) {
+  MessageHeader* msg;
+  upb_msg_field_iter it;
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(msg_rb, MessageHeader, &Message_type, msg);
+
+  {
+    stringsink* unknown = msg->unknown_fields;
+    if (unknown != NULL) {
+      stringsink_uninit(unknown);
+      msg->unknown_fields = NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, desc->msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    const upb_oneofdef *oneof = upb_fielddef_containingoneof(f);
+    uint32_t offset =
+        desc->layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].offset +
+        sizeof(MessageHeader);
+
+    if (oneof) {
+      uint32_t oneof_case =
+          slot_read_oneof_case(desc->layout, Message_data(msg), oneof);
+      // For a oneof, check that this field is actually present -- skip all the
+      // below if not.
+      if (oneof_case != upb_fielddef_number(f)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Otherwise, fall through to the appropriate singular-field handler
+      // below.
+    }
+
+    if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (is_map_field(f)) {
+      VALUE map;
+      Map_iter map_it;
+
+      if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(map_field_value(f))) continue;
+      map = DEREF(msg, offset, VALUE);
+      if (map == Qnil) continue;
+      for (Map_begin(map, &map_it); !Map_done(&map_it); Map_next(&map_it)) {
+        VALUE submsg = Map_iter_value(&map_it);
+        VALUE descriptor = rb_ivar_get(submsg, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+        const Descriptor* subdesc = ruby_to_Descriptor(descriptor);
+        discard_unknown(submsg, subdesc);
+      }
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+      VALUE ary = DEREF(msg, offset, VALUE);
+      int size;
+      int i;
+
+      if (ary == Qnil) continue;
+      size = NUM2INT(RepeatedField_length(ary));
+      for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        void* memory = RepeatedField_index_native(ary, i);
+        VALUE submsg = *((VALUE *)memory);
+        VALUE descriptor = rb_ivar_get(submsg, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+        const Descriptor* subdesc = ruby_to_Descriptor(descriptor);
+        discard_unknown(submsg, subdesc);
+      }
+    } else {
+      VALUE submsg = DEREF(msg, offset, VALUE);
+      VALUE descriptor;
+      const Descriptor* subdesc;
+
+      if (submsg == Qnil) continue;
+      descriptor = rb_ivar_get(submsg, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+      subdesc = ruby_to_Descriptor(descriptor);
+      discard_unknown(submsg, subdesc);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Google::Protobuf.discard_unknown(msg)
+ *
+ * Discard unknown fields in the given message object and recursively discard
+ * unknown fields in submessages.
+ */
+VALUE Google_Protobuf_discard_unknown(VALUE self, VALUE msg_rb) {
+  VALUE klass = CLASS_OF(msg_rb);
+  VALUE descriptor = rb_ivar_get(klass, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+  Descriptor* desc = ruby_to_Descriptor(descriptor);
+  if (klass == cRepeatedField || klass == cMap) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected proto msg for discard unknown.");
+  } else {
+    discard_unknown(msg_rb, desc);
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/extconf.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/extconf.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80b798500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/extconf.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+require 'mkmf'
+
+if RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /darwin/ || RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /linux/
+  $CFLAGS += " -std=gnu90 -O3 -DNDEBUG -Wall -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wsign-compare"
+else
+  $CFLAGS += " -std=gnu90 -O3 -DNDEBUG"
+end
+
+
+if RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /linux/
+  # Instruct the linker to point memcpy calls at our __wrap_memcpy wrapper.
+  $LDFLAGS += " -Wl,-wrap,memcpy"
+end
+
+$objs = ["protobuf.o", "defs.o", "storage.o", "message.o",
+         "repeated_field.o", "map.o", "encode_decode.o", "upb.o",
+         "wrap_memcpy.o"]
+
+create_makefile("google/protobuf_c")
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/map.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/map.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..719706b9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/map.c
@@ -0,0 +1,862 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Basic map operations on top of upb's strtable.
+//
+// Note that we roll our own `Map` container here because, as for
+// `RepeatedField`, we want a strongly-typed container. This is so that any user
+// errors due to incorrect map key or value types are raised as close as
+// possible to the error site, rather than at some deferred point (e.g.,
+// serialization).
+//
+// We build our `Map` on top of upb_strtable so that we're able to take
+// advantage of the native_slot storage abstraction, as RepeatedField does.
+// (This is not quite a perfect mapping -- see the key conversions below -- but
+// gives us full support and error-checking for all value types for free.)
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Map values are stored using the native_slot abstraction (as with repeated
+// field values), but keys are a bit special. Since we use a strtable, we need
+// to store keys as sequences of bytes such that equality of those bytes maps
+// one-to-one to equality of keys. We store strings directly (i.e., they map to
+// their own bytes) and integers as native integers (using the native_slot
+// abstraction).
+
+// Note that there is another tradeoff here in keeping string keys as native
+// strings rather than Ruby strings: traversing the Map requires conversion to
+// Ruby string values on every traversal, potentially creating more garbage. We
+// should consider ways to cache a Ruby version of the key if this becomes an
+// issue later.
+
+// Forms a key to use with the underlying strtable from a Ruby key value. |buf|
+// must point to TABLE_KEY_BUF_LENGTH bytes of temporary space, used to
+// construct a key byte sequence if needed. |out_key| and |out_length| provide
+// the resulting key data/length.
+#define TABLE_KEY_BUF_LENGTH 8  // sizeof(uint64_t)
+static VALUE table_key(Map* self, VALUE key,
+                       char* buf,
+                       const char** out_key,
+                       size_t* out_length) {
+  switch (self->key_type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      // Strings: use string content directly.
+      if (TYPE(key) == T_SYMBOL) {
+        key = rb_id2str(SYM2ID(key));
+      }
+      Check_Type(key, T_STRING);
+      key = native_slot_encode_and_freeze_string(self->key_type, key);
+      *out_key = RSTRING_PTR(key);
+      *out_length = RSTRING_LEN(key);
+      break;
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      native_slot_set("", self->key_type, Qnil, buf, key);
+      *out_key = buf;
+      *out_length = native_slot_size(self->key_type);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      // Map constructor should not allow a Map with another key type to be
+      // constructed.
+      assert(false);
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return key;
+}
+
+static VALUE table_key_to_ruby(Map* self, const char* buf, size_t length) {
+  switch (self->key_type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING: {
+      VALUE ret = rb_str_new(buf, length);
+      rb_enc_associate(ret,
+                       (self->key_type == UPB_TYPE_BYTES) ?
+                       kRubyString8bitEncoding : kRubyStringUtf8Encoding);
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      return native_slot_get(self->key_type, Qnil, buf);
+
+    default:
+      assert(false);
+      return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+static void* value_memory(upb_value* v) {
+  return (void*)(&v->val);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Map container type.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const rb_data_type_t Map_type = {
+  "Google::Protobuf::Map",
+  { Map_mark, Map_free, NULL },
+};
+
+VALUE cMap;
+
+Map* ruby_to_Map(VALUE _self) {
+  Map* self;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_self, Map, &Map_type, self);
+  return self;
+}
+
+void Map_mark(void* _self) {
+  Map* self = _self;
+
+  rb_gc_mark(self->value_type_class);
+  rb_gc_mark(self->parse_frame);
+
+  if (self->value_type == UPB_TYPE_STRING ||
+      self->value_type == UPB_TYPE_BYTES ||
+      self->value_type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    upb_strtable_iter it;
+    for (upb_strtable_begin(&it, &self->table);
+         !upb_strtable_done(&it);
+         upb_strtable_next(&it)) {
+      upb_value v = upb_strtable_iter_value(&it);
+      void* mem = value_memory(&v);
+      native_slot_mark(self->value_type, mem);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Map_free(void* _self) {
+  Map* self = _self;
+  upb_strtable_uninit(&self->table);
+  xfree(self);
+}
+
+VALUE Map_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  Map* self = ALLOC(Map);
+  memset(self, 0, sizeof(Map));
+  self->value_type_class = Qnil;
+  return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &Map_type, self);
+}
+
+VALUE Map_set_frame(VALUE map, VALUE val) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(map);
+  self->parse_frame = val;
+  return val;
+}
+
+static bool needs_typeclass(upb_fieldtype_t type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.new(key_type, value_type, value_typeclass = nil, init_hashmap = {})
+ *     => new map
+ *
+ * Allocates a new Map container. This constructor may be called with 2, 3, or 4
+ * arguments. The first two arguments are always present and are symbols (taking
+ * on the same values as field-type symbols in message descriptors) that
+ * indicate the type of the map key and value fields.
+ *
+ * The supported key types are: :int32, :int64, :uint32, :uint64, :bool,
+ * :string, :bytes.
+ *
+ * The supported value types are: :int32, :int64, :uint32, :uint64, :bool,
+ * :string, :bytes, :enum, :message.
+ *
+ * The third argument, value_typeclass, must be present if value_type is :enum
+ * or :message. As in RepeatedField#new, this argument must be a message class
+ * (for :message) or enum module (for :enum).
+ *
+ * The last argument, if present, provides initial content for map. Note that
+ * this may be an ordinary Ruby hashmap or another Map instance with identical
+ * key and value types. Also note that this argument may be present whether or
+ * not value_typeclass is present (and it is unambiguously separate from
+ * value_typeclass because value_typeclass's presence is strictly determined by
+ * value_type). The contents of this initial hashmap or Map instance are
+ * shallow-copied into the new Map: the original map is unmodified, but
+ * references to underlying objects will be shared if the value type is a
+ * message type.
+ */
+VALUE Map_init(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+  int init_value_arg;
+
+  // We take either two args (:key_type, :value_type), three args (:key_type,
+  // :value_type, "ValueMessageType"), or four args (the above plus an initial
+  // hashmap).
+  if (argc < 2 || argc > 4) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Map constructor expects 2, 3 or 4 arguments.");
+  }
+
+  self->key_type = ruby_to_fieldtype(argv[0]);
+  self->value_type = ruby_to_fieldtype(argv[1]);
+  self->parse_frame = Qnil;
+
+  // Check that the key type is an allowed type.
+  switch (self->key_type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      // These are OK.
+      break;
+    default:
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid key type for map.");
+  }
+
+  init_value_arg = 2;
+  if (needs_typeclass(self->value_type) && argc > 2) {
+    self->value_type_class = argv[2];
+    validate_type_class(self->value_type, self->value_type_class);
+    init_value_arg = 3;
+  }
+
+  // Table value type is always UINT64: this ensures enough space to store the
+  // native_slot value.
+  if (!upb_strtable_init(&self->table, UPB_CTYPE_UINT64)) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Could not allocate table.");
+  }
+
+  if (argc > init_value_arg) {
+    Map_merge_into_self(_self, argv[init_value_arg]);
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.each(&block)
+ *
+ * Invokes &block on each |key, value| pair in the map, in unspecified order.
+ * Note that Map also includes Enumerable; map thus acts like a normal Ruby
+ * sequence.
+ */
+VALUE Map_each(VALUE _self) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+
+  upb_strtable_iter it;
+  for (upb_strtable_begin(&it, &self->table);
+       !upb_strtable_done(&it);
+       upb_strtable_next(&it)) {
+
+    VALUE key = table_key_to_ruby(
+        self, upb_strtable_iter_key(&it), upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&it));
+
+    upb_value v = upb_strtable_iter_value(&it);
+    void* mem = value_memory(&v);
+    VALUE value = native_slot_get(self->value_type,
+                                  self->value_type_class,
+                                  mem);
+
+    rb_yield_values(2, key, value);
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.keys => [list_of_keys]
+ *
+ * Returns the list of keys contained in the map, in unspecified order.
+ */
+VALUE Map_keys(VALUE _self) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+
+  VALUE ret = rb_ary_new();
+  upb_strtable_iter it;
+  for (upb_strtable_begin(&it, &self->table);
+       !upb_strtable_done(&it);
+       upb_strtable_next(&it)) {
+
+    VALUE key = table_key_to_ruby(
+        self, upb_strtable_iter_key(&it), upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&it));
+
+    rb_ary_push(ret, key);
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.values => [list_of_values]
+ *
+ * Returns the list of values contained in the map, in unspecified order.
+ */
+VALUE Map_values(VALUE _self) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+
+  VALUE ret = rb_ary_new();
+  upb_strtable_iter it;
+  for (upb_strtable_begin(&it, &self->table);
+       !upb_strtable_done(&it);
+       upb_strtable_next(&it)) {
+
+    upb_value v = upb_strtable_iter_value(&it);
+    void* mem = value_memory(&v);
+    VALUE value = native_slot_get(self->value_type,
+                                  self->value_type_class,
+                                  mem);
+
+    rb_ary_push(ret, value);
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.[](key) => value
+ *
+ * Accesses the element at the given key. Throws an exception if the key type is
+ * incorrect. Returns nil when the key is not present in the map.
+ */
+VALUE Map_index(VALUE _self, VALUE key) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+
+  char keybuf[TABLE_KEY_BUF_LENGTH];
+  const char* keyval = NULL;
+  size_t length = 0;
+  upb_value v;
+  key = table_key(self, key, keybuf, &keyval, &length);
+
+  if (upb_strtable_lookup2(&self->table, keyval, length, &v)) {
+    void* mem = value_memory(&v);
+    return native_slot_get(self->value_type, self->value_type_class, mem);
+  } else {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.[]=(key, value) => value
+ *
+ * Inserts or overwrites the value at the given key with the given new value.
+ * Throws an exception if the key type is incorrect. Returns the new value that
+ * was just inserted.
+ */
+VALUE Map_index_set(VALUE _self, VALUE key, VALUE value) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+  char keybuf[TABLE_KEY_BUF_LENGTH];
+  const char* keyval = NULL;
+  size_t length = 0;
+  upb_value v;
+  void* mem;
+  key = table_key(self, key, keybuf, &keyval, &length);
+
+  rb_check_frozen(_self);
+
+  if (TYPE(value) == T_HASH) {
+    VALUE args[1] = { value };
+    value = rb_class_new_instance(1, args, self->value_type_class);
+  }
+
+  mem = value_memory(&v);
+  native_slot_set("", self->value_type, self->value_type_class, mem, value);
+
+  // Replace any existing value by issuing a 'remove' operation first.
+  upb_strtable_remove2(&self->table, keyval, length, NULL);
+  if (!upb_strtable_insert2(&self->table, keyval, length, v)) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Could not insert into table");
+  }
+
+  // Ruby hashmap's :[]= method also returns the inserted value.
+  return value;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.has_key?(key) => bool
+ *
+ * Returns true if the given key is present in the map. Throws an exception if
+ * the key has the wrong type.
+ */
+VALUE Map_has_key(VALUE _self, VALUE key) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+
+  char keybuf[TABLE_KEY_BUF_LENGTH];
+  const char* keyval = NULL;
+  size_t length = 0;
+  key = table_key(self, key, keybuf, &keyval, &length);
+
+  if (upb_strtable_lookup2(&self->table, keyval, length, NULL)) {
+    return Qtrue;
+  } else {
+    return Qfalse;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.delete(key) => old_value
+ *
+ * Deletes the value at the given key, if any, returning either the old value or
+ * nil if none was present. Throws an exception if the key is of the wrong type.
+ */
+VALUE Map_delete(VALUE _self, VALUE key) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+  char keybuf[TABLE_KEY_BUF_LENGTH];
+  const char* keyval = NULL;
+  size_t length = 0;
+  upb_value v;
+  key = table_key(self, key, keybuf, &keyval, &length);
+
+  rb_check_frozen(_self);
+
+  if (upb_strtable_remove2(&self->table, keyval, length, &v)) {
+    void* mem = value_memory(&v);
+    return native_slot_get(self->value_type, self->value_type_class, mem);
+  } else {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.clear
+ *
+ * Removes all entries from the map.
+ */
+VALUE Map_clear(VALUE _self) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+
+  rb_check_frozen(_self);
+
+  // Uninit and reinit the table -- this is faster than iterating and doing a
+  // delete-lookup on each key.
+  upb_strtable_uninit(&self->table);
+  if (!upb_strtable_init(&self->table, UPB_CTYPE_INT64)) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Unable to re-initialize table");
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.length
+ *
+ * Returns the number of entries (key-value pairs) in the map.
+ */
+VALUE Map_length(VALUE _self) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+  return ULL2NUM(upb_strtable_count(&self->table));
+}
+
+VALUE Map_new_this_type(VALUE _self) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+  VALUE new_map = Qnil;
+  VALUE key_type = fieldtype_to_ruby(self->key_type);
+  VALUE value_type = fieldtype_to_ruby(self->value_type);
+  if (self->value_type_class != Qnil) {
+    new_map = rb_funcall(CLASS_OF(_self), rb_intern("new"), 3,
+                         key_type, value_type, self->value_type_class);
+  } else {
+    new_map = rb_funcall(CLASS_OF(_self), rb_intern("new"), 2,
+                         key_type, value_type);
+  }
+  return new_map;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.dup => new_map
+ *
+ * Duplicates this map with a shallow copy. References to all non-primitive
+ * element objects (e.g., submessages) are shared.
+ */
+VALUE Map_dup(VALUE _self) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+  VALUE new_map = Map_new_this_type(_self);
+  Map* new_self = ruby_to_Map(new_map);
+
+  upb_strtable_iter it;
+  for (upb_strtable_begin(&it, &self->table);
+       !upb_strtable_done(&it);
+       upb_strtable_next(&it)) {
+
+    upb_value v = upb_strtable_iter_value(&it);
+    void* mem = value_memory(&v);
+    upb_value dup;
+    void* dup_mem = value_memory(&dup);
+    native_slot_dup(self->value_type, dup_mem, mem);
+
+    if (!upb_strtable_insert2(&new_self->table,
+                              upb_strtable_iter_key(&it),
+                              upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&it),
+                              dup)) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Error inserting value into new table");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return new_map;
+}
+
+// Used by Google::Protobuf.deep_copy but not exposed directly.
+VALUE Map_deep_copy(VALUE _self) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+  VALUE new_map = Map_new_this_type(_self);
+  Map* new_self = ruby_to_Map(new_map);
+
+  upb_strtable_iter it;
+  for (upb_strtable_begin(&it, &self->table);
+       !upb_strtable_done(&it);
+       upb_strtable_next(&it)) {
+
+    upb_value v = upb_strtable_iter_value(&it);
+    void* mem = value_memory(&v);
+    upb_value dup;
+    void* dup_mem = value_memory(&dup);
+    native_slot_deep_copy(self->value_type, self->value_type_class, dup_mem,
+                          mem);
+
+    if (!upb_strtable_insert2(&new_self->table,
+                              upb_strtable_iter_key(&it),
+                              upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&it),
+                              dup)) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Error inserting value into new table");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return new_map;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.==(other) => boolean
+ *
+ * Compares this map to another. Maps are equal if they have identical key sets,
+ * and for each key, the values in both maps compare equal. Elements are
+ * compared as per normal Ruby semantics, by calling their :== methods (or
+ * performing a more efficient comparison for primitive types).
+ *
+ * Maps with dissimilar key types or value types/typeclasses are never equal,
+ * even if value comparison (for example, between integers and floats) would
+ * have otherwise indicated that every element has equal value.
+ */
+VALUE Map_eq(VALUE _self, VALUE _other) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+  Map* other;
+  upb_strtable_iter it;
+
+  // Allow comparisons to Ruby hashmaps by converting to a temporary Map
+  // instance. Slow, but workable.
+  if (TYPE(_other) == T_HASH) {
+    VALUE other_map = Map_new_this_type(_self);
+    Map_merge_into_self(other_map, _other);
+    _other = other_map;
+  }
+
+  other = ruby_to_Map(_other);
+
+  if (self == other) {
+    return Qtrue;
+  }
+  if (self->key_type != other->key_type ||
+      self->value_type != other->value_type ||
+      self->value_type_class != other->value_type_class) {
+    return Qfalse;
+  }
+  if (upb_strtable_count(&self->table) != upb_strtable_count(&other->table)) {
+    return Qfalse;
+  }
+
+  // For each member of self, check that an equal member exists at the same key
+  // in other.
+  for (upb_strtable_begin(&it, &self->table);
+       !upb_strtable_done(&it);
+       upb_strtable_next(&it)) {
+
+    upb_value v = upb_strtable_iter_value(&it);
+    void* mem = value_memory(&v);
+    upb_value other_v;
+    void* other_mem = value_memory(&other_v);
+
+    if (!upb_strtable_lookup2(&other->table,
+                              upb_strtable_iter_key(&it),
+                              upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&it),
+                              &other_v)) {
+      // Not present in other map.
+      return Qfalse;
+    }
+
+    if (!native_slot_eq(self->value_type, self->value_type_class, mem,
+                        other_mem)) {
+      // Present, but value not equal.
+      return Qfalse;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.hash => hash_value
+ *
+ * Returns a hash value based on this map's contents.
+ */
+VALUE Map_hash(VALUE _self) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+
+  st_index_t h = rb_hash_start(0);
+  VALUE hash_sym = rb_intern("hash");
+
+  upb_strtable_iter it;
+  for (upb_strtable_begin(&it, &self->table);
+       !upb_strtable_done(&it);
+       upb_strtable_next(&it)) {
+    VALUE key = table_key_to_ruby(
+        self, upb_strtable_iter_key(&it), upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&it));
+
+    upb_value v = upb_strtable_iter_value(&it);
+    void* mem = value_memory(&v);
+    VALUE value = native_slot_get(self->value_type,
+                                  self->value_type_class,
+                                  mem);
+
+    h = rb_hash_uint(h, NUM2LONG(rb_funcall(key, hash_sym, 0)));
+    h = rb_hash_uint(h, NUM2LONG(rb_funcall(value, hash_sym, 0)));
+  }
+
+  return INT2FIX(h);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.to_h => {}
+ *
+ * Returns a Ruby Hash object containing all the values within the map
+ */
+VALUE Map_to_h(VALUE _self) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+  VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
+  upb_strtable_iter it;
+  for (upb_strtable_begin(&it, &self->table);
+       !upb_strtable_done(&it);
+       upb_strtable_next(&it)) {
+    VALUE key = table_key_to_ruby(
+        self, upb_strtable_iter_key(&it), upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&it));
+    upb_value v = upb_strtable_iter_value(&it);
+    void* mem = value_memory(&v);
+    VALUE value = native_slot_get(self->value_type,
+                                  self->value_type_class,
+                                  mem);
+
+    if (self->value_type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      value = Message_to_h(value);
+    }
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, key, value);
+  }
+  return hash;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.inspect => string
+ *
+ * Returns a string representing this map's elements. It will be formatted as
+ * "{key => value, key => value, ...}", with each key and value string
+ * representation computed by its own #inspect method.
+ */
+VALUE Map_inspect(VALUE _self) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+
+  VALUE str = rb_str_new2("{");
+
+  bool first = true;
+  VALUE inspect_sym = rb_intern("inspect");
+
+  upb_strtable_iter it;
+  for (upb_strtable_begin(&it, &self->table);
+       !upb_strtable_done(&it);
+       upb_strtable_next(&it)) {
+    VALUE key = table_key_to_ruby(
+        self, upb_strtable_iter_key(&it), upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&it));
+
+    upb_value v = upb_strtable_iter_value(&it);
+    void* mem = value_memory(&v);
+    VALUE value = native_slot_get(self->value_type,
+                                  self->value_type_class,
+                                  mem);
+
+    if (!first) {
+      str = rb_str_cat2(str, ", ");
+    } else {
+      first = false;
+    }
+    str = rb_str_append(str, rb_funcall(key, inspect_sym, 0));
+    str = rb_str_cat2(str, "=>");
+    str = rb_str_append(str, rb_funcall(value, inspect_sym, 0));
+  }
+
+  str = rb_str_cat2(str, "}");
+  return str;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Map.merge(other_map) => map
+ *
+ * Copies key/value pairs from other_map into a copy of this map. If a key is
+ * set in other_map and this map, the value from other_map overwrites the value
+ * in the new copy of this map. Returns the new copy of this map with merged
+ * contents.
+ */
+VALUE Map_merge(VALUE _self, VALUE hashmap) {
+  VALUE dupped = Map_dup(_self);
+  return Map_merge_into_self(dupped, hashmap);
+}
+
+static int merge_into_self_callback(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE self) {
+  Map_index_set(self, key, value);
+  return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+// Used only internally -- shared by #merge and #initialize.
+VALUE Map_merge_into_self(VALUE _self, VALUE hashmap) {
+  if (TYPE(hashmap) == T_HASH) {
+    rb_hash_foreach(hashmap, merge_into_self_callback, _self);
+  } else if (RB_TYPE_P(hashmap, T_DATA) && RTYPEDDATA_P(hashmap) &&
+             RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(hashmap) == &Map_type) {
+
+    Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+    Map* other = ruby_to_Map(hashmap);
+    upb_strtable_iter it;
+
+    if (self->key_type != other->key_type ||
+        self->value_type != other->value_type ||
+        self->value_type_class != other->value_type_class) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Attempt to merge Map with mismatching types");
+    }
+
+    for (upb_strtable_begin(&it, &other->table);
+         !upb_strtable_done(&it);
+         upb_strtable_next(&it)) {
+
+      // Replace any existing value by issuing a 'remove' operation first.
+      upb_value v;
+      upb_value oldv;
+      upb_strtable_remove2(&self->table,
+                           upb_strtable_iter_key(&it),
+                           upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&it),
+                           &oldv);
+
+      v = upb_strtable_iter_value(&it);
+      upb_strtable_insert2(&self->table,
+                           upb_strtable_iter_key(&it),
+                           upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&it),
+                           v);
+    }
+  } else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown type merging into Map");
+  }
+  return _self;
+}
+
+// Internal method: map iterator initialization (used for serialization).
+void Map_begin(VALUE _self, Map_iter* iter) {
+  Map* self = ruby_to_Map(_self);
+  iter->self = self;
+  upb_strtable_begin(&iter->it, &self->table);
+}
+
+void Map_next(Map_iter* iter) {
+  upb_strtable_next(&iter->it);
+}
+
+bool Map_done(Map_iter* iter) {
+  return upb_strtable_done(&iter->it);
+}
+
+VALUE Map_iter_key(Map_iter* iter) {
+  return table_key_to_ruby(
+      iter->self,
+      upb_strtable_iter_key(&iter->it),
+      upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&iter->it));
+}
+
+VALUE Map_iter_value(Map_iter* iter) {
+  upb_value v = upb_strtable_iter_value(&iter->it);
+  void* mem = value_memory(&v);
+  return native_slot_get(iter->self->value_type,
+                         iter->self->value_type_class,
+                         mem);
+}
+
+void Map_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(module, "Map", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, Map_alloc);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cMap);
+  cMap = klass;
+
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", Map_init, -1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "each", Map_each, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "keys", Map_keys, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "values", Map_values, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "[]", Map_index, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "[]=", Map_index_set, 2);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "has_key?", Map_has_key, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "delete", Map_delete, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "clear", Map_clear, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "length", Map_length, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "dup", Map_dup, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "==", Map_eq, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "hash", Map_hash, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "to_h", Map_to_h, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "inspect", Map_inspect, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "merge", Map_merge, 1);
+  rb_include_module(klass, rb_mEnumerable);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/message.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/message.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f57501cc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/message.c
@@ -0,0 +1,850 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Class/module creation from msgdefs and enumdefs, respectively.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void* Message_data(void* msg) {
+  return ((uint8_t *)msg) + sizeof(MessageHeader);
+}
+
+void Message_mark(void* _self) {
+  MessageHeader* self = (MessageHeader *)_self;
+  layout_mark(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self));
+}
+
+void Message_free(void* self) {
+  stringsink* unknown = ((MessageHeader *)self)->unknown_fields;
+  if (unknown != NULL) {
+    stringsink_uninit(unknown);
+    free(unknown);
+  }
+  xfree(self);
+}
+
+rb_data_type_t Message_type = {
+  "Message",
+  { Message_mark, Message_free, NULL },
+};
+
+VALUE Message_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  VALUE descriptor = rb_ivar_get(klass, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+  Descriptor* desc = ruby_to_Descriptor(descriptor);
+  MessageHeader* msg;
+  VALUE ret;
+
+  if (desc->layout == NULL) {
+    create_layout(desc);
+  }
+
+  msg = (void*)ALLOC_N(uint8_t, sizeof(MessageHeader) + desc->layout->size);
+  msg->descriptor = desc;
+  msg->unknown_fields = NULL;
+  memcpy(Message_data(msg), desc->layout->empty_template, desc->layout->size);
+
+  ret = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &Message_type, msg);
+  rb_ivar_set(ret, descriptor_instancevar_interned, descriptor);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static const upb_fielddef* which_oneof_field(MessageHeader* self, const upb_oneofdef* o) {
+  uint32_t oneof_case;
+  const upb_fielddef* f;
+
+  oneof_case =
+      slot_read_oneof_case(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), o);
+
+  if (oneof_case == ONEOF_CASE_NONE) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // oneof_case is a field index, so find that field.
+  f = upb_oneofdef_itof(o, oneof_case);
+  assert(f != NULL);
+
+  return f;
+}
+
+enum {
+  METHOD_UNKNOWN = 0,
+  METHOD_GETTER = 1,
+  METHOD_SETTER = 2,
+  METHOD_CLEAR = 3,
+  METHOD_PRESENCE = 4,
+  METHOD_ENUM_GETTER = 5,
+  METHOD_WRAPPER_GETTER = 6,
+  METHOD_WRAPPER_SETTER = 7
+};
+
+// Check if the field is a well known wrapper type
+bool is_wrapper_type_field(const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  const upb_msgdef *m;
+  if (upb_fielddef_type(field) != UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  m = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+  switch (upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(m)) {
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_DOUBLEVALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_FLOATVALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT64VALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT64VALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT32VALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT32VALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRINGVALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_BYTESVALUE:
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// Get a new Ruby wrapper type and set the initial value
+VALUE ruby_wrapper_type(VALUE type_class, VALUE value) {
+  if (value != Qnil) {
+    VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, rb_str_new2("value"), value);
+    {
+      VALUE args[1] = {hash};
+      return rb_class_new_instance(1, args, type_class);
+    }
+  }
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static int extract_method_call(VALUE method_name, MessageHeader* self,
+                            const upb_fielddef **f, const upb_oneofdef **o) {
+  VALUE method_str;
+  char* name;
+  size_t name_len;
+  int accessor_type;
+  const upb_oneofdef* test_o;
+  const upb_fielddef* test_f;
+  bool has_field;
+
+  Check_Type(method_name, T_SYMBOL);
+
+  method_str = rb_id2str(SYM2ID(method_name));
+  name = RSTRING_PTR(method_str);
+  name_len = RSTRING_LEN(method_str);
+
+  if (name[name_len - 1] == '=') {
+    accessor_type = METHOD_SETTER;
+    name_len--;
+    // We want to ensure if the proto has something named clear_foo or has_foo?,
+    // we don't strip the prefix.
+  } else if (strncmp("clear_", name, 6) == 0 &&
+             !upb_msgdef_lookupname(self->descriptor->msgdef, name, name_len,
+                                    &test_f, &test_o)) {
+    accessor_type = METHOD_CLEAR;
+    name = name + 6;
+    name_len = name_len - 6;
+  } else if (strncmp("has_", name, 4) == 0 && name[name_len - 1] == '?' &&
+             !upb_msgdef_lookupname(self->descriptor->msgdef, name, name_len,
+                                    &test_f, &test_o)) {
+    accessor_type = METHOD_PRESENCE;
+    name = name + 4;
+    name_len = name_len - 5;
+  } else {
+    accessor_type = METHOD_GETTER;
+  }
+
+  has_field = upb_msgdef_lookupname(self->descriptor->msgdef, name, name_len,
+                                    &test_f, &test_o);
+
+  // Look for wrapper type accessor of the form <field_name>_as_value
+  if (!has_field &&
+      (accessor_type == METHOD_GETTER || accessor_type == METHOD_SETTER) &&
+      name_len > 9 && strncmp(name + name_len - 9, "_as_value", 9) == 0) {
+    const upb_oneofdef* test_o_wrapper;
+    const upb_fielddef* test_f_wrapper;
+    char wrapper_field_name[name_len - 8];
+
+    // Find the field name
+    strncpy(wrapper_field_name, name, name_len - 9);
+    wrapper_field_name[name_len - 9] = '\0';
+
+    // Check if field exists and is a wrapper type
+    if (upb_msgdef_lookupname(self->descriptor->msgdef, wrapper_field_name,
+                              name_len - 9, &test_f_wrapper, &test_o_wrapper) &&
+        is_wrapper_type_field(test_f_wrapper)) {
+      // It does exist!
+      has_field = true;
+      if (accessor_type == METHOD_SETTER) {
+        accessor_type = METHOD_WRAPPER_SETTER;
+      } else {
+        accessor_type = METHOD_WRAPPER_GETTER;
+      }
+      test_o = test_o_wrapper;
+      test_f = test_f_wrapper;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Look for enum accessor of the form <enum_name>_const
+  if (!has_field && accessor_type == METHOD_GETTER &&
+      name_len > 6 && strncmp(name + name_len - 6, "_const", 6) == 0) {
+    const upb_oneofdef* test_o_enum;
+    const upb_fielddef* test_f_enum;
+    char enum_name[name_len - 5];
+
+    // Find enum field name
+    strncpy(enum_name, name, name_len - 6);
+    enum_name[name_len - 6] = '\0';
+
+    // Check if enum field exists
+    if (upb_msgdef_lookupname(self->descriptor->msgdef, enum_name, name_len - 6,
+                                             &test_f_enum, &test_o_enum) &&
+        upb_fielddef_type(test_f_enum) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM) {
+      // It does exist!
+      has_field = true;
+      accessor_type = METHOD_ENUM_GETTER;
+      test_o = test_o_enum;
+      test_f = test_f_enum;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Verify the name corresponds to a oneof or field in this message.
+  if (!has_field) {
+    return METHOD_UNKNOWN;
+  }
+
+  // Method calls like 'has_foo?' are not allowed if field "foo" does not have
+  // a hasbit (e.g. repeated fields or non-message type fields for proto3
+  // syntax).
+  if (accessor_type == METHOD_PRESENCE && test_f != NULL &&
+      !upb_fielddef_haspresence(test_f)) {
+    return METHOD_UNKNOWN;
+  }
+
+  *o = test_o;
+  *f = test_f;
+  return accessor_type;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Message.method_missing(*args)
+ *
+ * Provides accessors and setters and methods to clear and check for presence of
+ * message fields according to their field names.
+ *
+ * For any field whose name does not conflict with a built-in method, an
+ * accessor is provided with the same name as the field, and a setter is
+ * provided with the name of the field plus the '=' suffix. Thus, given a
+ * message instance 'msg' with field 'foo', the following code is valid:
+ *
+ *     msg.foo = 42
+ *     puts msg.foo
+ *
+ * This method also provides read-only accessors for oneofs. If a oneof exists
+ * with name 'my_oneof', then msg.my_oneof will return a Ruby symbol equal to
+ * the name of the field in that oneof that is currently set, or nil if none.
+ *
+ * It also provides methods of the form 'clear_fieldname' to clear the value
+ * of the field 'fieldname'. For basic data types, this will set the default
+ * value of the field.
+ *
+ * Additionally, it provides methods of the form 'has_fieldname?', which returns
+ * true if the field 'fieldname' is set in the message object, else false. For
+ * 'proto3' syntax, calling this for a basic type field will result in an error.
+ */
+VALUE Message_method_missing(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self) {
+  MessageHeader* self;
+  const upb_oneofdef* o;
+  const upb_fielddef* f;
+  int accessor_type;
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_self, MessageHeader, &Message_type, self);
+  if (argc < 1) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected method name as first argument.");
+  }
+
+  accessor_type = extract_method_call(argv[0], self, &f, &o);
+  if (accessor_type == METHOD_UNKNOWN || (o == NULL && f == NULL) ) {
+    return rb_call_super(argc, argv);
+  } else if (accessor_type == METHOD_SETTER || accessor_type == METHOD_WRAPPER_SETTER) {
+    if (argc != 2) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected 2 arguments, received %d", argc);
+    }
+    rb_check_frozen(_self);
+  } else if (argc != 1) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected 1 argument, received %d", argc);
+  }
+
+  // Return which of the oneof fields are set
+  if (o != NULL) {
+    const upb_fielddef* oneof_field = which_oneof_field(self, o);
+
+    if (accessor_type == METHOD_SETTER) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Oneof accessors are read-only.");
+    }
+
+    if (accessor_type == METHOD_PRESENCE) {
+      return oneof_field == NULL ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
+    } else if (accessor_type == METHOD_CLEAR) {
+      if (oneof_field != NULL) {
+        layout_clear(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), oneof_field);
+      }
+      return Qnil;
+    } else {
+      // METHOD_ACCESSOR
+      return oneof_field == NULL ? Qnil :
+        ID2SYM(rb_intern(upb_fielddef_name(oneof_field)));
+    }
+  // Otherwise we're operating on a single proto field
+  } else if (accessor_type == METHOD_SETTER) {
+    layout_set(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), f, argv[1]);
+    return Qnil;
+  } else if (accessor_type == METHOD_CLEAR) {
+    layout_clear(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), f);
+    return Qnil;
+  } else if (accessor_type == METHOD_PRESENCE) {
+    return layout_has(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), f);
+  } else if (accessor_type == METHOD_WRAPPER_GETTER) {
+    VALUE value = layout_get(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), f);
+    switch (TYPE(value)) {
+      case T_DATA:
+        return rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("value"), 0);
+      case T_NIL:
+        return Qnil;
+      default:
+        return value;
+    }
+  } else if (accessor_type == METHOD_WRAPPER_SETTER) {
+    VALUE wrapper = ruby_wrapper_type(
+        field_type_class(self->descriptor->layout, f), argv[1]);
+    layout_set(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), f, wrapper);
+    return Qnil;
+  } else if (accessor_type == METHOD_ENUM_GETTER) {
+    VALUE enum_type = field_type_class(self->descriptor->layout, f);
+    VALUE method = rb_intern("const_get");
+    VALUE raw_value = layout_get(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), f);
+
+    // Map repeated fields to a new type with ints
+    if (upb_fielddef_label(f) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+      int array_size = FIX2INT(rb_funcall(raw_value, rb_intern("length"), 0));
+      int i;
+      VALUE array_args[1] = { ID2SYM(rb_intern("int64")) };
+      VALUE array = rb_class_new_instance(1, array_args, CLASS_OF(raw_value));
+      for (i = 0; i < array_size; i++) {
+        VALUE entry = rb_funcall(enum_type, method, 1, rb_funcall(raw_value,
+                                 rb_intern("at"), 1, INT2NUM(i)));
+        rb_funcall(array, rb_intern("push"), 1, entry);
+      }
+      return array;
+    }
+    // Convert the value for singular fields
+    return rb_funcall(enum_type, method, 1, raw_value);
+  } else {
+    return layout_get(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), f);
+  }
+}
+
+
+VALUE Message_respond_to_missing(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self) {
+  MessageHeader* self;
+  const upb_oneofdef* o;
+  const upb_fielddef* f;
+  int accessor_type;
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_self, MessageHeader, &Message_type, self);
+  if (argc < 1) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected method name as first argument.");
+  }
+
+  accessor_type = extract_method_call(argv[0], self, &f, &o);
+  if (accessor_type == METHOD_UNKNOWN) {
+    return rb_call_super(argc, argv);
+  } else if (o != NULL) {
+    return accessor_type == METHOD_SETTER ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
+  } else {
+    return Qtrue;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE create_submsg_from_hash(const MessageLayout* layout,
+                              const upb_fielddef* f, VALUE hash) {
+  VALUE args[1] = { hash };
+  return rb_class_new_instance(1, args, field_type_class(layout, f));
+}
+
+int Message_initialize_kwarg(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE _self) {
+  MessageHeader* self;
+  char *name;
+  const upb_fielddef* f;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_self, MessageHeader, &Message_type, self);
+
+  if (TYPE(key) == T_STRING) {
+    name = RSTRING_PTR(key);
+  } else if (TYPE(key) == T_SYMBOL) {
+    name = RSTRING_PTR(rb_id2str(SYM2ID(key)));
+  } else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
+             "Expected string or symbols as hash keys when initializing proto from hash.");
+  }
+
+  f = upb_msgdef_ntofz(self->descriptor->msgdef, name);
+  if (f == NULL) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
+             "Unknown field name '%s' in initialization map entry.", name);
+  }
+
+  if (TYPE(val) == T_NIL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (is_map_field(f)) {
+    VALUE map;
+
+    if (TYPE(val) != T_HASH) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
+               "Expected Hash object as initializer value for map field '%s' (given %s).",
+               name, rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(val)));
+    }
+    map = layout_get(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), f);
+    Map_merge_into_self(map, val);
+  } else if (upb_fielddef_label(f) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    VALUE ary;
+    int i;
+
+    if (TYPE(val) != T_ARRAY) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
+               "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field '%s' (given %s).",
+               name, rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(val)));
+    }
+    ary = layout_get(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), f);
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(val); i++) {
+      VALUE entry = rb_ary_entry(val, i);
+      if (TYPE(entry) == T_HASH && upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+        entry = create_submsg_from_hash(self->descriptor->layout, f, entry);
+      }
+
+      RepeatedField_push(ary, entry);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (TYPE(val) == T_HASH && upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      val = create_submsg_from_hash(self->descriptor->layout, f, val);
+    }
+
+    layout_set(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), f, val);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Message.new(kwargs) => new_message
+ *
+ * Creates a new instance of the given message class. Keyword arguments may be
+ * provided with keywords corresponding to field names.
+ *
+ * Note that no literal Message class exists. Only concrete classes per message
+ * type exist, as provided by the #msgclass method on Descriptors after they
+ * have been added to a pool. The method definitions described here on the
+ * Message class are provided on each concrete message class.
+ */
+VALUE Message_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self) {
+  MessageHeader* self;
+  VALUE hash_args;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_self, MessageHeader, &Message_type, self);
+
+  layout_init(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self));
+
+  if (argc == 0) {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  if (argc != 1) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected 0 or 1 arguments.");
+  }
+  hash_args = argv[0];
+  if (TYPE(hash_args) != T_HASH) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected hash arguments.");
+  }
+
+  rb_hash_foreach(hash_args, Message_initialize_kwarg, _self);
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Message.dup => new_message
+ *
+ * Performs a shallow copy of this message and returns the new copy.
+ */
+VALUE Message_dup(VALUE _self) {
+  MessageHeader* self;
+  VALUE new_msg;
+  MessageHeader* new_msg_self;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_self, MessageHeader, &Message_type, self);
+
+  new_msg = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, CLASS_OF(_self));
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(new_msg, MessageHeader, &Message_type, new_msg_self);
+
+  layout_dup(self->descriptor->layout,
+             Message_data(new_msg_self),
+             Message_data(self));
+
+  return new_msg;
+}
+
+// Internal only; used by Google::Protobuf.deep_copy.
+VALUE Message_deep_copy(VALUE _self) {
+  MessageHeader* self;
+  MessageHeader* new_msg_self;
+  VALUE new_msg;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_self, MessageHeader, &Message_type, self);
+
+  new_msg = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, CLASS_OF(_self));
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(new_msg, MessageHeader, &Message_type, new_msg_self);
+
+  layout_deep_copy(self->descriptor->layout,
+                   Message_data(new_msg_self),
+                   Message_data(self));
+
+  return new_msg;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Message.==(other) => boolean
+ *
+ * Performs a deep comparison of this message with another. Messages are equal
+ * if they have the same type and if each field is equal according to the :==
+ * method's semantics (a more efficient comparison may actually be done if the
+ * field is of a primitive type).
+ */
+VALUE Message_eq(VALUE _self, VALUE _other) {
+  MessageHeader* self;
+  MessageHeader* other;
+  if (TYPE(_self) != TYPE(_other)) {
+    return Qfalse;
+  }
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_self, MessageHeader, &Message_type, self);
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_other, MessageHeader, &Message_type, other);
+
+  if (self->descriptor != other->descriptor) {
+    return Qfalse;
+  }
+
+  return layout_eq(self->descriptor->layout,
+                   Message_data(self),
+                   Message_data(other));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Message.hash => hash_value
+ *
+ * Returns a hash value that represents this message's field values.
+ */
+VALUE Message_hash(VALUE _self) {
+  MessageHeader* self;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_self, MessageHeader, &Message_type, self);
+
+  return layout_hash(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Message.inspect => string
+ *
+ * Returns a human-readable string representing this message. It will be
+ * formatted as "<MessageType: field1: value1, field2: value2, ...>". Each
+ * field's value is represented according to its own #inspect method.
+ */
+VALUE Message_inspect(VALUE _self) {
+  MessageHeader* self;
+  VALUE str;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_self, MessageHeader, &Message_type, self);
+
+  str = rb_str_new2("<");
+  str = rb_str_append(str, rb_str_new2(rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(_self))));
+  str = rb_str_cat2(str, ": ");
+  str = rb_str_append(str, layout_inspect(
+      self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self)));
+  str = rb_str_cat2(str, ">");
+  return str;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Message.to_h => {}
+ *
+ * Returns the message as a Ruby Hash object, with keys as symbols.
+ */
+VALUE Message_to_h(VALUE _self) {
+  MessageHeader* self;
+  VALUE hash;
+  upb_msg_field_iter it;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_self, MessageHeader, &Message_type, self);
+
+  hash = rb_hash_new();
+
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, self->descriptor->msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    VALUE msg_value;
+    VALUE msg_key;
+
+    // For proto2, do not include fields which are not set.
+    if (upb_msgdef_syntax(self->descriptor->msgdef) == UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO2 &&
+       field_contains_hasbit(self->descriptor->layout, field) &&
+       !layout_has(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), field)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    msg_value = layout_get(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), field);
+    msg_key = ID2SYM(rb_intern(upb_fielddef_name(field)));
+    if (is_map_field(field)) {
+      msg_value = Map_to_h(msg_value);
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_label(field) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+      msg_value = RepeatedField_to_ary(msg_value);
+      if (upb_msgdef_syntax(self->descriptor->msgdef) == UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO2 &&
+          RARRAY_LEN(msg_value) == 0) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (upb_fielddef_type(field) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+        int i;
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(msg_value); i++) {
+          VALUE elem = rb_ary_entry(msg_value, i);
+          rb_ary_store(msg_value, i, Message_to_h(elem));
+        }
+      }
+
+    } else if (msg_value != Qnil &&
+               upb_fielddef_type(field) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      msg_value = Message_to_h(msg_value);
+    }
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, msg_key, msg_value);
+  }
+  return hash;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Message.[](index) => value
+ *
+ * Accesses a field's value by field name. The provided field name should be a
+ * string.
+ */
+VALUE Message_index(VALUE _self, VALUE field_name) {
+  MessageHeader* self;
+  const upb_fielddef* field;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_self, MessageHeader, &Message_type, self);
+  Check_Type(field_name, T_STRING);
+  field = upb_msgdef_ntofz(self->descriptor->msgdef, RSTRING_PTR(field_name));
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  return layout_get(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), field);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Message.[]=(index, value)
+ *
+ * Sets a field's value by field name. The provided field name should be a
+ * string.
+ */
+VALUE Message_index_set(VALUE _self, VALUE field_name, VALUE value) {
+  MessageHeader* self;
+  const upb_fielddef* field;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_self, MessageHeader, &Message_type, self);
+  Check_Type(field_name, T_STRING);
+  field = upb_msgdef_ntofz(self->descriptor->msgdef, RSTRING_PTR(field_name));
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown field: %s", RSTRING_PTR(field_name));
+  }
+  layout_set(self->descriptor->layout, Message_data(self), field, value);
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Message.descriptor => descriptor
+ *
+ * Class method that returns the Descriptor instance corresponding to this
+ * message class's type.
+ */
+VALUE Message_descriptor(VALUE klass) {
+  return rb_ivar_get(klass, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+}
+
+VALUE build_class_from_descriptor(VALUE descriptor) {
+  Descriptor* desc = ruby_to_Descriptor(descriptor);
+  const char *name;
+  VALUE klass;
+
+  name = upb_msgdef_fullname(desc->msgdef);
+  if (name == NULL) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Descriptor does not have assigned name.");
+  }
+
+  klass = rb_define_class_id(
+      // Docs say this parameter is ignored. User will assign return value to
+      // their own toplevel constant class name.
+      rb_intern("Message"),
+      rb_cObject);
+  rb_ivar_set(klass, descriptor_instancevar_interned, descriptor);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, Message_alloc);
+  rb_require("google/protobuf/message_exts");
+  rb_include_module(klass, rb_eval_string("::Google::Protobuf::MessageExts"));
+  rb_extend_object(
+      klass, rb_eval_string("::Google::Protobuf::MessageExts::ClassMethods"));
+
+  rb_define_method(klass, "method_missing",
+                   Message_method_missing, -1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "respond_to_missing?",
+                   Message_respond_to_missing, -1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize", Message_initialize, -1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "dup", Message_dup, 0);
+  // Also define #clone so that we don't inherit Object#clone.
+  rb_define_method(klass, "clone", Message_dup, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "==", Message_eq, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "eql?", Message_eq, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "hash", Message_hash, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "to_h", Message_to_h, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "inspect", Message_inspect, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "to_s", Message_inspect, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "[]", Message_index, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "[]=", Message_index_set, 2);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(klass, "decode", Message_decode, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(klass, "encode", Message_encode, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(klass, "decode_json", Message_decode_json, -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(klass, "encode_json", Message_encode_json, -1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(klass, "descriptor", Message_descriptor, 0);
+
+  return klass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Enum.lookup(number) => name
+ *
+ * This module method, provided on each generated enum module, looks up an enum
+ * value by number and returns its name as a Ruby symbol, or nil if not found.
+ */
+VALUE enum_lookup(VALUE self, VALUE number) {
+  int32_t num = NUM2INT(number);
+  VALUE desc = rb_ivar_get(self, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+  EnumDescriptor* enumdesc = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(desc);
+
+  const char* name = upb_enumdef_iton(enumdesc->enumdef, num);
+  if (name == NULL) {
+    return Qnil;
+  } else {
+    return ID2SYM(rb_intern(name));
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Enum.resolve(name) => number
+ *
+ * This module method, provided on each generated enum module, looks up an enum
+ * value by name (as a Ruby symbol) and returns its name, or nil if not found.
+ */
+VALUE enum_resolve(VALUE self, VALUE sym) {
+  const char* name = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(sym));
+  VALUE desc = rb_ivar_get(self, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+  EnumDescriptor* enumdesc = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(desc);
+
+  int32_t num = 0;
+  bool found = upb_enumdef_ntoiz(enumdesc->enumdef, name, &num);
+  if (!found) {
+    return Qnil;
+  } else {
+    return INT2NUM(num);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Enum.descriptor
+ *
+ * This module method, provided on each generated enum module, returns the
+ * EnumDescriptor corresponding to this enum type.
+ */
+VALUE enum_descriptor(VALUE self) {
+  return rb_ivar_get(self, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+}
+
+VALUE build_module_from_enumdesc(VALUE _enumdesc) {
+  EnumDescriptor* enumdesc = ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(_enumdesc);
+  VALUE mod = rb_define_module_id(
+      rb_intern(upb_enumdef_fullname(enumdesc->enumdef)));
+
+  upb_enum_iter it;
+  for (upb_enum_begin(&it, enumdesc->enumdef);
+       !upb_enum_done(&it);
+       upb_enum_next(&it)) {
+    const char* name = upb_enum_iter_name(&it);
+    int32_t value = upb_enum_iter_number(&it);
+    if (name[0] < 'A' || name[0] > 'Z') {
+      rb_warn("Enum value '%s' does not start with an uppercase letter "
+              "as is required for Ruby constants.",
+              name);
+    }
+    rb_define_const(mod, name, INT2NUM(value));
+  }
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mod, "lookup", enum_lookup, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mod, "resolve", enum_resolve, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(mod, "descriptor", enum_descriptor, 0);
+  rb_ivar_set(mod, descriptor_instancevar_interned, _enumdesc);
+
+  return mod;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     Google::Protobuf.deep_copy(obj) => copy_of_obj
+ *
+ * Performs a deep copy of a RepeatedField instance, a Map instance, or a
+ * message object, recursively copying its members.
+ */
+VALUE Google_Protobuf_deep_copy(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
+  VALUE klass = CLASS_OF(obj);
+  if (klass == cRepeatedField) {
+    return RepeatedField_deep_copy(obj);
+  } else if (klass == cMap) {
+    return Map_deep_copy(obj);
+  } else {
+    return Message_deep_copy(obj);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/protobuf.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/protobuf.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60c1e2a28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/protobuf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+
+VALUE cError;
+VALUE cParseError;
+VALUE cTypeError;
+VALUE c_only_cookie = Qnil;
+
+static VALUE cached_empty_string = Qnil;
+static VALUE cached_empty_bytes = Qnil;
+
+static VALUE create_frozen_string(const char* str, size_t size, bool binary) {
+  VALUE str_rb = rb_str_new(str, size);
+
+  rb_enc_associate(str_rb,
+                   binary ? kRubyString8bitEncoding : kRubyStringUtf8Encoding);
+  rb_obj_freeze(str_rb);
+  return str_rb;
+}
+
+VALUE get_frozen_string(const char* str, size_t size, bool binary) {
+  if (size == 0) {
+    return binary ? cached_empty_bytes : cached_empty_string;
+  } else {
+    // It is harder to memoize non-empty strings.  The obvious approach would be
+    // to use a Ruby hash keyed by string as memo table, but looking up in such a table
+    // requires constructing a string (the very thing we're trying to avoid).
+    //
+    // Since few fields have defaults, we will just optimize the empty string
+    // case for now.
+    return create_frozen_string(str, size, binary);
+  }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Utilities.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Raises a Ruby error if |status| is not OK, using its error message.
+void check_upb_status(const upb_status* status, const char* msg) {
+  if (!upb_ok(status)) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s: %s\n", msg, upb_status_errmsg(status));
+  }
+}
+
+// String encodings: we look these up once, at load time, and then cache them
+// here.
+rb_encoding* kRubyStringUtf8Encoding;
+rb_encoding* kRubyStringASCIIEncoding;
+rb_encoding* kRubyString8bitEncoding;
+
+// Ruby-interned string: "descriptor". We use this identifier to store an
+// instance variable on message classes we create in order to link them back to
+// their descriptors.
+//
+// We intern this once at module load time then use the interned identifier at
+// runtime in order to avoid the cost of repeatedly interning in hot paths.
+const char* kDescriptorInstanceVar = "descriptor";
+ID descriptor_instancevar_interned;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Initialization/entry point.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// This must be named "Init_protobuf_c" because the Ruby module is named
+// "protobuf_c" -- the VM looks for this symbol in our .so.
+void Init_protobuf_c() {
+  VALUE google = rb_define_module("Google");
+  VALUE protobuf = rb_define_module_under(google, "Protobuf");
+  VALUE internal = rb_define_module_under(protobuf, "Internal");
+
+  descriptor_instancevar_interned = rb_intern(kDescriptorInstanceVar);
+  DescriptorPool_register(protobuf);
+  Descriptor_register(protobuf);
+  FileDescriptor_register(protobuf);
+  FieldDescriptor_register(protobuf);
+  OneofDescriptor_register(protobuf);
+  EnumDescriptor_register(protobuf);
+  MessageBuilderContext_register(internal);
+  OneofBuilderContext_register(internal);
+  EnumBuilderContext_register(internal);
+  FileBuilderContext_register(internal);
+  Builder_register(internal);
+  RepeatedField_register(protobuf);
+  Map_register(protobuf);
+
+  cError = rb_const_get(protobuf, rb_intern("Error"));
+  cParseError = rb_const_get(protobuf, rb_intern("ParseError"));
+  cTypeError = rb_const_get(protobuf, rb_intern("TypeError"));
+
+  rb_define_singleton_method(protobuf, "discard_unknown",
+                             Google_Protobuf_discard_unknown, 1);
+  rb_define_singleton_method(protobuf, "deep_copy",
+                             Google_Protobuf_deep_copy, 1);
+
+  kRubyStringUtf8Encoding = rb_utf8_encoding();
+  kRubyStringASCIIEncoding = rb_usascii_encoding();
+  kRubyString8bitEncoding = rb_ascii8bit_encoding();
+
+  rb_gc_register_address(&c_only_cookie);
+  c_only_cookie = rb_class_new_instance(0, NULL, rb_cObject);
+
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cached_empty_string);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cached_empty_bytes);
+  cached_empty_string = create_frozen_string("", 0, false);
+  cached_empty_bytes = create_frozen_string("", 0, true);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/protobuf.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/protobuf.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae9895c53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/protobuf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,666 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef __GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUBY_PROTOBUF_H__
+#define __GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUBY_PROTOBUF_H__
+
+#include <ruby/ruby.h>
+#include <ruby/vm.h>
+#include <ruby/encoding.h>
+
+#include "upb.h"
+
+// Forward decls.
+struct DescriptorPool;
+struct Descriptor;
+struct FileDescriptor;
+struct FieldDescriptor;
+struct EnumDescriptor;
+struct MessageLayout;
+struct MessageField;
+struct MessageHeader;
+struct MessageBuilderContext;
+struct EnumBuilderContext;
+struct FileBuilderContext;
+struct Builder;
+
+typedef struct DescriptorPool DescriptorPool;
+typedef struct Descriptor Descriptor;
+typedef struct FileDescriptor FileDescriptor;
+typedef struct FieldDescriptor FieldDescriptor;
+typedef struct OneofDescriptor OneofDescriptor;
+typedef struct EnumDescriptor EnumDescriptor;
+typedef struct MessageLayout MessageLayout;
+typedef struct MessageField MessageField;
+typedef struct MessageOneof MessageOneof;
+typedef struct MessageHeader MessageHeader;
+typedef struct MessageBuilderContext MessageBuilderContext;
+typedef struct OneofBuilderContext OneofBuilderContext;
+typedef struct EnumBuilderContext EnumBuilderContext;
+typedef struct FileBuilderContext FileBuilderContext;
+typedef struct Builder Builder;
+
+/*
+ It can be a bit confusing how the C structs defined below and the Ruby
+ objects interact and hold references to each other. First, a few principles:
+
+ - Ruby's "TypedData" abstraction lets a Ruby VALUE hold a pointer to a C
+   struct (or arbitrary memory chunk), own it, and free it when collected.
+   Thus, each struct below will have a corresponding Ruby object
+   wrapping/owning it.
+
+ - To get back from an underlying upb {msg,enum}def to the Ruby object, we
+   keep a global hashmap, accessed by get_def_obj/add_def_obj below.
+
+ The in-memory structure is then something like:
+
+   Ruby                        |      upb
+                               |
+   DescriptorPool  ------------|-----------> upb_symtab____________________
+                               |                | (message types)          \
+                               |                v                           \
+   Descriptor   ---------------|-----------> upb_msgdef         (enum types)|
+    |--> msgclass              |                |   ^                       |
+    |    (dynamically built)   |                |   | (submsg fields)       |
+    |--> MessageLayout         |                |   |                       /
+    |--------------------------|> decoder method|   |                      /
+    \--------------------------|> serialize     |   |                     /
+                               |  handlers      v   |                    /
+   FieldDescriptor  -----------|-----------> upb_fielddef               /
+                               |                    |                  /
+                               |                    v (enum fields)   /
+   EnumDescriptor  ------------|-----------> upb_enumdef  <----------'
+                               |
+                               |
+               ^               |               \___/
+               `---------------|-----------------'    (get_def_obj map)
+ */
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Ruby class structure definitions.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct DescriptorPool {
+  VALUE def_to_descriptor;  // Hash table of def* -> Ruby descriptor.
+  upb_symtab* symtab;
+  upb_handlercache* fill_handler_cache;
+  upb_handlercache* pb_serialize_handler_cache;
+  upb_handlercache* json_serialize_handler_cache;
+  upb_handlercache* json_serialize_handler_preserve_cache;
+  upb_pbcodecache* fill_method_cache;
+  upb_json_codecache* json_fill_method_cache;
+};
+
+struct Descriptor {
+  const upb_msgdef* msgdef;
+  MessageLayout* layout;
+  VALUE klass;
+  VALUE descriptor_pool;
+};
+
+struct FileDescriptor {
+  const upb_filedef* filedef;
+  VALUE descriptor_pool;  // Owns the upb_filedef.
+};
+
+struct FieldDescriptor {
+  const upb_fielddef* fielddef;
+  VALUE descriptor_pool;  // Owns the upb_fielddef.
+};
+
+struct OneofDescriptor {
+  const upb_oneofdef* oneofdef;
+  VALUE descriptor_pool;  // Owns the upb_oneofdef.
+};
+
+struct EnumDescriptor {
+  const upb_enumdef* enumdef;
+  VALUE module;  // begins as nil
+  VALUE descriptor_pool;  // Owns the upb_enumdef.
+};
+
+struct MessageBuilderContext {
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* msg_proto;
+  VALUE file_builder;
+};
+
+struct OneofBuilderContext {
+  int oneof_index;
+  VALUE message_builder;
+};
+
+struct EnumBuilderContext {
+  google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* enum_proto;
+  VALUE file_builder;
+};
+
+struct FileBuilderContext {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* file_proto;
+  VALUE descriptor_pool;
+};
+
+struct Builder {
+  VALUE descriptor_pool;
+  VALUE default_file_builder;
+};
+
+extern VALUE cDescriptorPool;
+extern VALUE cDescriptor;
+extern VALUE cFileDescriptor;
+extern VALUE cFieldDescriptor;
+extern VALUE cEnumDescriptor;
+extern VALUE cMessageBuilderContext;
+extern VALUE cOneofBuilderContext;
+extern VALUE cEnumBuilderContext;
+extern VALUE cFileBuilderContext;
+extern VALUE cBuilder;
+
+extern VALUE cError;
+extern VALUE cParseError;
+extern VALUE cTypeError;
+
+// We forward-declare all of the Ruby method implementations here because we
+// sometimes call the methods directly across .c files, rather than going
+// through Ruby's method dispatching (e.g. during message parse). It's cleaner
+// to keep the list of object methods together than to split them between
+// static-in-file definitions and header declarations.
+
+void DescriptorPool_mark(void* _self);
+void DescriptorPool_free(void* _self);
+VALUE DescriptorPool_alloc(VALUE klass);
+void DescriptorPool_register(VALUE module);
+DescriptorPool* ruby_to_DescriptorPool(VALUE value);
+VALUE DescriptorPool_build(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self);
+VALUE DescriptorPool_lookup(VALUE _self, VALUE name);
+VALUE DescriptorPool_generated_pool(VALUE _self);
+
+extern VALUE generated_pool;
+
+void Descriptor_mark(void* _self);
+void Descriptor_free(void* _self);
+VALUE Descriptor_alloc(VALUE klass);
+void Descriptor_register(VALUE module);
+Descriptor* ruby_to_Descriptor(VALUE value);
+VALUE Descriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie, VALUE descriptor_pool,
+                            VALUE ptr);
+VALUE Descriptor_name(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Descriptor_each(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Descriptor_lookup(VALUE _self, VALUE name);
+VALUE Descriptor_each_oneof(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Descriptor_lookup_oneof(VALUE _self, VALUE name);
+VALUE Descriptor_msgclass(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Descriptor_file_descriptor(VALUE _self);
+extern const rb_data_type_t _Descriptor_type;
+
+void FileDescriptor_mark(void* _self);
+void FileDescriptor_free(void* _self);
+VALUE FileDescriptor_alloc(VALUE klass);
+void FileDescriptor_register(VALUE module);
+FileDescriptor* ruby_to_FileDescriptor(VALUE value);
+VALUE FileDescriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr);
+VALUE FileDescriptor_name(VALUE _self);
+VALUE FileDescriptor_syntax(VALUE _self);
+
+void FieldDescriptor_mark(void* _self);
+void FieldDescriptor_free(void* _self);
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_alloc(VALUE klass);
+void FieldDescriptor_register(VALUE module);
+FieldDescriptor* ruby_to_FieldDescriptor(VALUE value);
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                 VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr);
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_name(VALUE _self);
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_type(VALUE _self);
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_default(VALUE _self);
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_label(VALUE _self);
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_number(VALUE _self);
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_submsg_name(VALUE _self);
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_subtype(VALUE _self);
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_has(VALUE _self, VALUE msg_rb);
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_clear(VALUE _self, VALUE msg_rb);
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_get(VALUE _self, VALUE msg_rb);
+VALUE FieldDescriptor_set(VALUE _self, VALUE msg_rb, VALUE value);
+upb_fieldtype_t ruby_to_fieldtype(VALUE type);
+VALUE fieldtype_to_ruby(upb_fieldtype_t type);
+
+void OneofDescriptor_mark(void* _self);
+void OneofDescriptor_free(void* _self);
+VALUE OneofDescriptor_alloc(VALUE klass);
+void OneofDescriptor_register(VALUE module);
+OneofDescriptor* ruby_to_OneofDescriptor(VALUE value);
+VALUE OneofDescriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                 VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr);
+VALUE OneofDescriptor_name(VALUE _self);
+VALUE OneofDescriptor_each(VALUE _self);
+
+void EnumDescriptor_mark(void* _self);
+void EnumDescriptor_free(void* _self);
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_alloc(VALUE klass);
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE cookie,
+                                VALUE descriptor_pool, VALUE ptr);
+void EnumDescriptor_register(VALUE module);
+EnumDescriptor* ruby_to_EnumDescriptor(VALUE value);
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_file_descriptor(VALUE _self);
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_name(VALUE _self);
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_lookup_name(VALUE _self, VALUE name);
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_lookup_value(VALUE _self, VALUE number);
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_each(VALUE _self);
+VALUE EnumDescriptor_enummodule(VALUE _self);
+extern const rb_data_type_t _EnumDescriptor_type;
+
+void MessageBuilderContext_mark(void* _self);
+void MessageBuilderContext_free(void* _self);
+VALUE MessageBuilderContext_alloc(VALUE klass);
+void MessageBuilderContext_register(VALUE module);
+MessageBuilderContext* ruby_to_MessageBuilderContext(VALUE value);
+VALUE MessageBuilderContext_initialize(VALUE _self,
+                                       VALUE _file_builder,
+                                       VALUE name);
+VALUE MessageBuilderContext_optional(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self);
+VALUE MessageBuilderContext_required(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self);
+VALUE MessageBuilderContext_repeated(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self);
+VALUE MessageBuilderContext_map(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self);
+VALUE MessageBuilderContext_oneof(VALUE _self, VALUE name);
+
+void OneofBuilderContext_mark(void* _self);
+void OneofBuilderContext_free(void* _self);
+VALUE OneofBuilderContext_alloc(VALUE klass);
+void OneofBuilderContext_register(VALUE module);
+OneofBuilderContext* ruby_to_OneofBuilderContext(VALUE value);
+VALUE OneofBuilderContext_initialize(VALUE _self,
+                                     VALUE descriptor,
+                                     VALUE builder);
+VALUE OneofBuilderContext_optional(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self);
+
+void EnumBuilderContext_mark(void* _self);
+void EnumBuilderContext_free(void* _self);
+VALUE EnumBuilderContext_alloc(VALUE klass);
+void EnumBuilderContext_register(VALUE module);
+EnumBuilderContext* ruby_to_EnumBuilderContext(VALUE value);
+VALUE EnumBuilderContext_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE _file_builder,
+                                    VALUE name);
+VALUE EnumBuilderContext_value(VALUE _self, VALUE name, VALUE number);
+
+void FileBuilderContext_mark(void* _self);
+void FileBuilderContext_free(void* _self);
+VALUE FileBuilderContext_alloc(VALUE klass);
+void FileBuilderContext_register(VALUE module);
+FileBuilderContext* ruby_to_FileBuilderContext(VALUE _self);
+upb_strview FileBuilderContext_strdup(VALUE _self, VALUE rb_str);
+upb_strview FileBuilderContext_strdup_name(VALUE _self, VALUE rb_str);
+upb_strview FileBuilderContext_strdup_sym(VALUE _self, VALUE rb_sym);
+VALUE FileBuilderContext_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE descriptor_pool,
+                                    VALUE name, VALUE options);
+VALUE FileBuilderContext_add_message(VALUE _self, VALUE name);
+VALUE FileBuilderContext_add_enum(VALUE _self, VALUE name);
+VALUE FileBuilderContext_pending_descriptors(VALUE _self);
+
+void Builder_mark(void* _self);
+void Builder_free(void* _self);
+VALUE Builder_alloc(VALUE klass);
+void Builder_register(VALUE module);
+Builder* ruby_to_Builder(VALUE value);
+VALUE Builder_build(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Builder_initialize(VALUE _self, VALUE descriptor_pool);
+VALUE Builder_add_file(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _self);
+VALUE Builder_add_message(VALUE _self, VALUE name);
+VALUE Builder_add_enum(VALUE _self, VALUE name);
+VALUE Builder_finalize_to_pool(VALUE _self, VALUE pool_rb);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Native slot storage abstraction.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE sizeof(uint64_t)
+
+size_t native_slot_size(upb_fieldtype_t type);
+void native_slot_set(const char* name,
+                     upb_fieldtype_t type,
+                     VALUE type_class,
+                     void* memory,
+                     VALUE value);
+// Atomically (with respect to Ruby VM calls) either update the value and set a
+// oneof case, or do neither. If |case_memory| is null, then no case value is
+// set.
+void native_slot_set_value_and_case(const char* name,
+                                    upb_fieldtype_t type,
+                                    VALUE type_class,
+                                    void* memory,
+                                    VALUE value,
+                                    uint32_t* case_memory,
+                                    uint32_t case_number);
+VALUE native_slot_get(upb_fieldtype_t type,
+                      VALUE type_class,
+                      const void* memory);
+void native_slot_init(upb_fieldtype_t type, void* memory);
+void native_slot_mark(upb_fieldtype_t type, void* memory);
+void native_slot_dup(upb_fieldtype_t type, void* to, void* from);
+void native_slot_deep_copy(upb_fieldtype_t type, VALUE type_class, void* to,
+                           void* from);
+bool native_slot_eq(upb_fieldtype_t type, VALUE type_class, void* mem1,
+                    void* mem2);
+
+VALUE native_slot_encode_and_freeze_string(upb_fieldtype_t type, VALUE value);
+void native_slot_check_int_range_precision(const char* name, upb_fieldtype_t type, VALUE value);
+uint32_t slot_read_oneof_case(MessageLayout* layout, const void* storage,
+                              const upb_oneofdef* oneof);
+bool is_value_field(const upb_fielddef* f);
+
+extern rb_encoding* kRubyStringUtf8Encoding;
+extern rb_encoding* kRubyStringASCIIEncoding;
+extern rb_encoding* kRubyString8bitEncoding;
+
+VALUE field_type_class(const MessageLayout* layout, const upb_fielddef* field);
+
+#define MAP_KEY_FIELD 1
+#define MAP_VALUE_FIELD 2
+
+// Oneof case slot value to indicate that no oneof case is set. The value `0` is
+// safe because field numbers are used as case identifiers, and no field can
+// have a number of 0.
+#define ONEOF_CASE_NONE 0
+
+// These operate on a map field (i.e., a repeated field of submessages whose
+// submessage type is a map-entry msgdef).
+bool is_map_field(const upb_fielddef* field);
+const upb_fielddef* map_field_key(const upb_fielddef* field);
+const upb_fielddef* map_field_value(const upb_fielddef* field);
+
+// These operate on a map-entry msgdef.
+const upb_fielddef* map_entry_key(const upb_msgdef* msgdef);
+const upb_fielddef* map_entry_value(const upb_msgdef* msgdef);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Repeated field container type.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_fieldtype_t field_type;
+  VALUE field_type_class;
+  void* elements;
+  int size;
+  int capacity;
+} RepeatedField;
+
+void RepeatedField_mark(void* self);
+void RepeatedField_free(void* self);
+VALUE RepeatedField_alloc(VALUE klass);
+VALUE RepeatedField_init(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self);
+void RepeatedField_register(VALUE module);
+
+extern const rb_data_type_t RepeatedField_type;
+extern VALUE cRepeatedField;
+
+RepeatedField* ruby_to_RepeatedField(VALUE value);
+
+VALUE RepeatedField_new_this_type(VALUE _self);
+VALUE RepeatedField_each(VALUE _self);
+VALUE RepeatedField_index(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self);
+void* RepeatedField_index_native(VALUE _self, int index);
+int RepeatedField_size(VALUE _self);
+VALUE RepeatedField_index_set(VALUE _self, VALUE _index, VALUE val);
+void RepeatedField_reserve(RepeatedField* self, int new_size);
+VALUE RepeatedField_push(VALUE _self, VALUE val);
+void RepeatedField_push_native(VALUE _self, void* data);
+VALUE RepeatedField_pop_one(VALUE _self);
+VALUE RepeatedField_insert(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self);
+VALUE RepeatedField_replace(VALUE _self, VALUE list);
+VALUE RepeatedField_clear(VALUE _self);
+VALUE RepeatedField_length(VALUE _self);
+VALUE RepeatedField_dup(VALUE _self);
+VALUE RepeatedField_deep_copy(VALUE _self);
+VALUE RepeatedField_to_ary(VALUE _self);
+VALUE RepeatedField_eq(VALUE _self, VALUE _other);
+VALUE RepeatedField_hash(VALUE _self);
+VALUE RepeatedField_inspect(VALUE _self);
+VALUE RepeatedField_plus(VALUE _self, VALUE list);
+
+// Defined in repeated_field.c; also used by Map.
+void validate_type_class(upb_fieldtype_t type, VALUE klass);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Map container type.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_fieldtype_t key_type;
+  upb_fieldtype_t value_type;
+  VALUE value_type_class;
+  VALUE parse_frame;
+  upb_strtable table;
+} Map;
+
+void Map_mark(void* self);
+void Map_free(void* self);
+VALUE Map_alloc(VALUE klass);
+VALUE Map_init(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self);
+void Map_register(VALUE module);
+VALUE Map_set_frame(VALUE self, VALUE val);
+
+extern const rb_data_type_t Map_type;
+extern VALUE cMap;
+
+Map* ruby_to_Map(VALUE value);
+
+VALUE Map_new_this_type(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Map_each(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Map_keys(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Map_values(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Map_index(VALUE _self, VALUE key);
+VALUE Map_index_set(VALUE _self, VALUE key, VALUE value);
+VALUE Map_has_key(VALUE _self, VALUE key);
+VALUE Map_delete(VALUE _self, VALUE key);
+VALUE Map_clear(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Map_length(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Map_dup(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Map_deep_copy(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Map_eq(VALUE _self, VALUE _other);
+VALUE Map_hash(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Map_to_h(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Map_inspect(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Map_merge(VALUE _self, VALUE hashmap);
+VALUE Map_merge_into_self(VALUE _self, VALUE hashmap);
+
+typedef struct {
+  Map* self;
+  upb_strtable_iter it;
+} Map_iter;
+
+void Map_begin(VALUE _self, Map_iter* iter);
+void Map_next(Map_iter* iter);
+bool Map_done(Map_iter* iter);
+VALUE Map_iter_key(Map_iter* iter);
+VALUE Map_iter_value(Map_iter* iter);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Message layout / storage.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_HASBIT ((uint32_t)-1)
+
+struct MessageField {
+  uint32_t offset;
+  uint32_t hasbit;
+};
+
+struct MessageOneof {
+  uint32_t offset;
+  uint32_t case_offset;
+};
+
+// MessageLayout is owned by the enclosing Descriptor, which must outlive us.
+struct MessageLayout {
+  const Descriptor* desc;
+  const upb_msgdef* msgdef;
+  void* empty_template;  // Can memcpy() onto a layout to clear it.
+  MessageField* fields;
+  MessageOneof* oneofs;
+  uint32_t size;
+  uint32_t value_offset;
+  int value_count;
+  int repeated_count;
+  int map_count;
+};
+
+#define ONEOF_CASE_MASK 0x80000000
+
+void create_layout(Descriptor* desc);
+void free_layout(MessageLayout* layout);
+bool field_contains_hasbit(MessageLayout* layout,
+                 const upb_fielddef* field);
+VALUE layout_get_default(const upb_fielddef* field);
+VALUE layout_get(MessageLayout* layout,
+                 const void* storage,
+                 const upb_fielddef* field);
+void layout_set(MessageLayout* layout,
+                void* storage,
+                const upb_fielddef* field,
+                VALUE val);
+VALUE layout_has(MessageLayout* layout,
+                 const void* storage,
+                 const upb_fielddef* field);
+void layout_clear(MessageLayout* layout,
+                 const void* storage,
+                 const upb_fielddef* field);
+void layout_init(MessageLayout* layout, void* storage);
+void layout_mark(MessageLayout* layout, void* storage);
+void layout_dup(MessageLayout* layout, void* to, void* from);
+void layout_deep_copy(MessageLayout* layout, void* to, void* from);
+VALUE layout_eq(MessageLayout* layout, void* msg1, void* msg2);
+VALUE layout_hash(MessageLayout* layout, void* storage);
+VALUE layout_inspect(MessageLayout* layout, void* storage);
+
+bool is_wrapper_type_field(const upb_fielddef* field);
+VALUE ruby_wrapper_type(VALUE type_class, VALUE value);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Message class creation.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// This should probably be factored into a common upb component.
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_byteshandler handler;
+  upb_bytessink sink;
+  char *ptr;
+  size_t len, size;
+} stringsink;
+
+void stringsink_uninit(stringsink *sink);
+
+struct MessageHeader {
+  Descriptor* descriptor;      // kept alive by self.class.descriptor reference.
+  stringsink* unknown_fields;  // store unknown fields in decoding.
+  // Data comes after this.
+};
+
+extern rb_data_type_t Message_type;
+
+VALUE build_class_from_descriptor(VALUE descriptor);
+void* Message_data(void* msg);
+void Message_mark(void* self);
+void Message_free(void* self);
+VALUE Message_alloc(VALUE klass);
+VALUE Message_method_missing(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self);
+VALUE Message_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self);
+VALUE Message_dup(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Message_deep_copy(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Message_eq(VALUE _self, VALUE _other);
+VALUE Message_hash(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Message_inspect(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Message_to_h(VALUE _self);
+VALUE Message_index(VALUE _self, VALUE field_name);
+VALUE Message_index_set(VALUE _self, VALUE field_name, VALUE value);
+VALUE Message_descriptor(VALUE klass);
+VALUE Message_decode(VALUE klass, VALUE data);
+VALUE Message_encode(VALUE klass, VALUE msg_rb);
+VALUE Message_decode_json(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE klass);
+VALUE Message_encode_json(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE klass);
+
+VALUE Google_Protobuf_discard_unknown(VALUE self, VALUE msg_rb);
+VALUE Google_Protobuf_deep_copy(VALUE self, VALUE obj);
+
+VALUE build_module_from_enumdesc(VALUE _enumdesc);
+VALUE enum_lookup(VALUE self, VALUE number);
+VALUE enum_resolve(VALUE self, VALUE sym);
+VALUE enum_descriptor(VALUE self);
+
+const upb_pbdecodermethod *new_fillmsg_decodermethod(
+    Descriptor* descriptor, const void *owner);
+void add_handlers_for_message(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h);
+
+// Maximum depth allowed during encoding, to avoid stack overflows due to
+// cycles.
+#define ENCODE_MAX_NESTING 63
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// A cache of frozen string objects to use as field defaults.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+VALUE get_frozen_string(const char* data, size_t size, bool binary);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Global map from upb {msg,enum}defs to wrapper Descriptor/EnumDescriptor
+// instances.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+VALUE get_msgdef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_msgdef* def);
+VALUE get_enumdef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_enumdef* def);
+VALUE get_fielddef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_fielddef* def);
+VALUE get_filedef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_filedef* def);
+VALUE get_oneofdef_obj(VALUE descriptor_pool, const upb_oneofdef* def);
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Utilities.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void check_upb_status(const upb_status* status, const char* msg);
+
+#define CHECK_UPB(code, msg) do {                                             \
+    upb_status status = UPB_STATUS_INIT;                                      \
+    code;                                                                     \
+    check_upb_status(&status, msg);                                           \
+} while (0)
+
+extern ID descriptor_instancevar_interned;
+
+// A distinct object that is not accessible from Ruby.  We use this as a
+// constructor argument to enforce that certain objects cannot be created from
+// Ruby.
+extern VALUE c_only_cookie;
+
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define UPB_ASSERT(expr) do {} while (false && (expr))
+#else
+#define UPB_ASSERT(expr) assert(expr)
+#endif
+
+#define UPB_UNUSED(var) (void)var
+
+#endif  // __GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUBY_PROTOBUF_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/repeated_field.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/repeated_field.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3afb282b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/repeated_field.c
@@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Repeated field container type.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const rb_data_type_t RepeatedField_type = {
+  "Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField",
+  { RepeatedField_mark, RepeatedField_free, NULL },
+};
+
+VALUE cRepeatedField;
+
+RepeatedField* ruby_to_RepeatedField(VALUE _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(_self, RepeatedField, &RepeatedField_type, self);
+  return self;
+}
+
+void* RepeatedField_memoryat(RepeatedField* self, int index, int element_size) {
+  return ((uint8_t *)self->elements) + index * element_size;
+}
+
+static int index_position(VALUE _index, RepeatedField* repeated_field) {
+  int index = NUM2INT(_index);
+  if (index < 0 && repeated_field->size > 0) {
+    index = repeated_field->size + index;
+  }
+  return index;
+}
+
+VALUE RepeatedField_subarray(VALUE _self, long beg, long len) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  int element_size = native_slot_size(self->field_type);
+  upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+  VALUE field_type_class = self->field_type_class;
+  size_t off = beg * element_size;
+  VALUE ary = rb_ary_new2(len);
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = beg; i < beg + len; i++, off += element_size) {
+    void* mem = ((uint8_t *)self->elements) + off;
+    VALUE elem = native_slot_get(field_type, field_type_class, mem);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, elem);
+  }
+  return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.each(&block)
+ *
+ * Invokes the block once for each element of the repeated field. RepeatedField
+ * also includes Enumerable; combined with this method, the repeated field thus
+ * acts like an ordinary Ruby sequence.
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_each(VALUE _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+  VALUE field_type_class = self->field_type_class;
+  int element_size = native_slot_size(field_type);
+  size_t off = 0;
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < self->size; i++, off += element_size) {
+    void* memory = (void *) (((uint8_t *)self->elements) + off);
+    VALUE val = native_slot_get(field_type, field_type_class, memory);
+    rb_yield(val);
+  }
+  return _self;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.[](index) => value
+ *
+ * Accesses the element at the given index. Returns nil on out-of-bounds
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_index(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  int element_size = native_slot_size(self->field_type);
+  upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+  VALUE field_type_class = self->field_type_class;
+
+  VALUE arg = argv[0];
+  long beg, len;
+
+  if (argc == 1){
+    if (FIXNUM_P(arg)) {
+      /* standard case */
+      void* memory;
+      int index = index_position(argv[0], self);
+      if (index < 0 || index >= self->size) {
+        return Qnil;
+      }
+      memory = RepeatedField_memoryat(self, index, element_size);
+      return native_slot_get(field_type, field_type_class, memory);
+    }else{
+      /* check if idx is Range */
+      switch (rb_range_beg_len(arg, &beg, &len, self->size, 0)) {
+        case Qfalse:
+          break;
+        case Qnil:
+          return Qnil;
+        default:
+          return RepeatedField_subarray(_self, beg, len);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  /* assume 2 arguments */
+  beg = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
+  len = NUM2LONG(argv[1]);
+  if (beg < 0) {
+    beg += self->size;
+  }
+  if (beg >= self->size) {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  return RepeatedField_subarray(_self, beg, len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.[]=(index, value)
+ *
+ * Sets the element at the given index. On out-of-bounds assignments, extends
+ * the array and fills the hole (if any) with default values.
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_index_set(VALUE _self, VALUE _index, VALUE val) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+  VALUE field_type_class = self->field_type_class;
+  int element_size = native_slot_size(field_type);
+  void* memory;
+
+  int index = index_position(_index, self);
+  if (index < 0 || index >= (INT_MAX - 1)) {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  if (index >= self->size) {
+    upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+    int element_size = native_slot_size(field_type);
+    int i;
+
+    RepeatedField_reserve(self, index + 1);
+    for (i = self->size; i <= index; i++) {
+      void* elem = RepeatedField_memoryat(self, i, element_size);
+      native_slot_init(field_type, elem);
+    }
+    self->size = index + 1;
+  }
+
+  memory = RepeatedField_memoryat(self, index, element_size);
+  native_slot_set("", field_type, field_type_class, memory, val);
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static int kInitialSize = 8;
+
+void RepeatedField_reserve(RepeatedField* self, int new_size) {
+  void* old_elems = self->elements;
+  int elem_size = native_slot_size(self->field_type);
+  if (new_size <= self->capacity) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (self->capacity == 0) {
+    self->capacity = kInitialSize;
+  }
+  while (self->capacity < new_size) {
+    self->capacity *= 2;
+  }
+  self->elements = ALLOC_N(uint8_t, elem_size * self->capacity);
+  if (old_elems != NULL) {
+    memcpy(self->elements, old_elems, self->size * elem_size);
+    xfree(old_elems);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.push(value)
+ *
+ * Adds a new element to the repeated field.
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_push(VALUE _self, VALUE val) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+  int element_size = native_slot_size(field_type);
+  void* memory;
+
+  RepeatedField_reserve(self, self->size + 1);
+  memory = (void *) (((uint8_t *)self->elements) + self->size * element_size);
+  native_slot_set("", field_type, self->field_type_class, memory, val);
+  // native_slot_set may raise an error; bump size only after set.
+  self->size++;
+  return _self;
+}
+
+VALUE RepeatedField_push_vararg(VALUE _self, VALUE args) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(args); i++) {
+    RepeatedField_push(_self, rb_ary_entry(args, i));
+  }
+  return _self;
+}
+
+// Used by parsing handlers.
+void RepeatedField_push_native(VALUE _self, void* data) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+  int element_size = native_slot_size(field_type);
+  void* memory;
+
+  RepeatedField_reserve(self, self->size + 1);
+  memory = (void *) (((uint8_t *)self->elements) + self->size * element_size);
+  memcpy(memory, data, element_size);
+  self->size++;
+}
+
+void* RepeatedField_index_native(VALUE _self, int index) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+  int element_size = native_slot_size(field_type);
+  return RepeatedField_memoryat(self, index, element_size);
+}
+
+int RepeatedField_size(VALUE _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  return self->size;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Private ruby method, used by RepeatedField.pop
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_pop_one(VALUE _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+  VALUE field_type_class = self->field_type_class;
+  int element_size = native_slot_size(field_type);
+  int index;
+  void* memory;
+  VALUE ret;
+
+  if (self->size == 0) {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  index = self->size - 1;
+  memory = RepeatedField_memoryat(self, index, element_size);
+  ret = native_slot_get(field_type, field_type_class, memory);
+  self->size--;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.replace(list)
+ *
+ * Replaces the contents of the repeated field with the given list of elements.
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_replace(VALUE _self, VALUE list) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  int i;
+
+  Check_Type(list, T_ARRAY);
+  self->size = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(list); i++) {
+    RepeatedField_push(_self, rb_ary_entry(list, i));
+  }
+  return list;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.clear
+ *
+ * Clears (removes all elements from) this repeated field.
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_clear(VALUE _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  self->size = 0;
+  return _self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.length
+ *
+ * Returns the length of this repeated field.
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_length(VALUE _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  return INT2NUM(self->size);
+}
+
+VALUE RepeatedField_new_this_type(VALUE _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  VALUE new_rptfield = Qnil;
+  VALUE element_type = fieldtype_to_ruby(self->field_type);
+  if (self->field_type_class != Qnil) {
+    new_rptfield = rb_funcall(CLASS_OF(_self), rb_intern("new"), 2,
+                              element_type, self->field_type_class);
+  } else {
+    new_rptfield = rb_funcall(CLASS_OF(_self), rb_intern("new"), 1,
+                              element_type);
+  }
+  return new_rptfield;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.dup => repeated_field
+ *
+ * Duplicates this repeated field with a shallow copy. References to all
+ * non-primitive element objects (e.g., submessages) are shared.
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_dup(VALUE _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  VALUE new_rptfield = RepeatedField_new_this_type(_self);
+  RepeatedField* new_rptfield_self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(new_rptfield);
+  upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+  size_t elem_size = native_slot_size(field_type);
+  size_t off = 0;
+  int i;
+
+  RepeatedField_reserve(new_rptfield_self, self->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < self->size; i++, off += elem_size) {
+    void* to_mem = (uint8_t *)new_rptfield_self->elements + off;
+    void* from_mem = (uint8_t *)self->elements + off;
+    native_slot_dup(field_type, to_mem, from_mem);
+    new_rptfield_self->size++;
+  }
+
+  return new_rptfield;
+}
+
+// Internal only: used by Google::Protobuf.deep_copy.
+VALUE RepeatedField_deep_copy(VALUE _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  VALUE new_rptfield = RepeatedField_new_this_type(_self);
+  RepeatedField* new_rptfield_self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(new_rptfield);
+  upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+  size_t elem_size = native_slot_size(field_type);
+  size_t off = 0;
+  int i;
+
+  RepeatedField_reserve(new_rptfield_self, self->size);
+  for (i = 0; i < self->size; i++, off += elem_size) {
+    void* to_mem = (uint8_t *)new_rptfield_self->elements + off;
+    void* from_mem = (uint8_t *)self->elements + off;
+    native_slot_deep_copy(field_type, self->field_type_class, to_mem, from_mem);
+    new_rptfield_self->size++;
+  }
+
+  return new_rptfield;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.to_ary => array
+ *
+ * Used when converted implicitly into array, e.g. compared to an Array.
+ * Also called as a fallback of Object#to_a
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_to_ary(VALUE _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+  size_t elem_size = native_slot_size(field_type);
+  size_t off = 0;
+  VALUE ary = rb_ary_new2(self->size);
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < self->size; i++, off += elem_size) {
+    void* mem = ((uint8_t *)self->elements) + off;
+    VALUE elem = native_slot_get(field_type, self->field_type_class, mem);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, elem);
+  }
+  return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.==(other) => boolean
+ *
+ * Compares this repeated field to another. Repeated fields are equal if their
+ * element types are equal, their lengths are equal, and each element is equal.
+ * Elements are compared as per normal Ruby semantics, by calling their :==
+ * methods (or performing a more efficient comparison for primitive types).
+ *
+ * Repeated fields with dissimilar element types are never equal, even if value
+ * comparison (for example, between integers and floats) would have otherwise
+ * indicated that every element has equal value.
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_eq(VALUE _self, VALUE _other) {
+  RepeatedField* self;
+  RepeatedField* other;
+
+  if (_self == _other) {
+    return Qtrue;
+  }
+
+  if (TYPE(_other) == T_ARRAY) {
+    VALUE self_ary = RepeatedField_to_ary(_self);
+    return rb_equal(self_ary, _other);
+  }
+
+  self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  other = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_other);
+  if (self->field_type != other->field_type ||
+      self->field_type_class != other->field_type_class ||
+      self->size != other->size) {
+    return Qfalse;
+  }
+
+  {
+    upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+    size_t elem_size = native_slot_size(field_type);
+    size_t off = 0;
+    int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < self->size; i++, off += elem_size) {
+      void* self_mem = ((uint8_t *)self->elements) + off;
+      void* other_mem = ((uint8_t *)other->elements) + off;
+      if (!native_slot_eq(field_type, self->field_type_class, self_mem,
+                          other_mem)) {
+        return Qfalse;
+      }
+    }
+    return Qtrue;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.hash => hash_value
+ *
+ * Returns a hash value computed from this repeated field's elements.
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_hash(VALUE _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  st_index_t h = rb_hash_start(0);
+  VALUE hash_sym = rb_intern("hash");
+  upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+  VALUE field_type_class = self->field_type_class;
+  size_t elem_size = native_slot_size(field_type);
+  size_t off = 0;
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < self->size; i++, off += elem_size) {
+    void* mem = ((uint8_t *)self->elements) + off;
+    VALUE elem = native_slot_get(field_type, field_type_class, mem);
+    h = rb_hash_uint(h, NUM2LONG(rb_funcall(elem, hash_sym, 0)));
+  }
+  h = rb_hash_end(h);
+
+  return INT2FIX(h);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.+(other) => repeated field
+ *
+ * Returns a new repeated field that contains the concatenated list of this
+ * repeated field's elements and other's elements. The other (second) list may
+ * be either another repeated field or a Ruby array.
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_plus(VALUE _self, VALUE list) {
+  VALUE dupped = RepeatedField_dup(_self);
+
+  if (TYPE(list) == T_ARRAY) {
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(list); i++) {
+      VALUE elem = rb_ary_entry(list, i);
+      RepeatedField_push(dupped, elem);
+    }
+  } else if (RB_TYPE_P(list, T_DATA) && RTYPEDDATA_P(list) &&
+             RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(list) == &RepeatedField_type) {
+    RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+    RepeatedField* list_rptfield = ruby_to_RepeatedField(list);
+    int i;
+
+    if (self->field_type != list_rptfield->field_type ||
+        self->field_type_class != list_rptfield->field_type_class) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
+               "Attempt to append RepeatedField with different element type.");
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < list_rptfield->size; i++) {
+      void* mem = RepeatedField_index_native(list, i);
+      RepeatedField_push_native(dupped, mem);
+    }
+  } else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown type appending to RepeatedField");
+  }
+
+  return dupped;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.concat(other) => self
+ *
+ * concats the passed in array to self.  Returns a Ruby array.
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_concat(VALUE _self, VALUE list) {
+  int i;
+
+  Check_Type(list, T_ARRAY);
+  for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(list); i++) {
+    RepeatedField_push(_self, rb_ary_entry(list, i));
+  }
+  return _self;
+}
+
+
+void validate_type_class(upb_fieldtype_t type, VALUE klass) {
+  if (rb_ivar_get(klass, descriptor_instancevar_interned) == Qnil) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
+             "Type class has no descriptor. Please pass a "
+             "class or enum as returned by the DescriptorPool.");
+  }
+  if (type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    VALUE desc = rb_ivar_get(klass, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(desc, T_DATA) || !RTYPEDDATA_P(desc) ||
+        RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(desc) != &_Descriptor_type) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Descriptor has an incorrect type.");
+    }
+    if (rb_get_alloc_func(klass) != &Message_alloc) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
+               "Message class was not returned by the DescriptorPool.");
+    }
+  } else if (type == UPB_TYPE_ENUM) {
+    VALUE enumdesc = rb_ivar_get(klass, descriptor_instancevar_interned);
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(enumdesc, T_DATA) || !RTYPEDDATA_P(enumdesc) ||
+        RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(enumdesc) != &_EnumDescriptor_type) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Descriptor has an incorrect type.");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedField_init_args(int argc, VALUE* argv,
+                             VALUE _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(_self);
+  VALUE ary = Qnil;
+  if (argc < 1) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected at least 1 argument.");
+  }
+  self->field_type = ruby_to_fieldtype(argv[0]);
+
+  if (self->field_type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE ||
+      self->field_type == UPB_TYPE_ENUM) {
+    if (argc < 2) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected at least 2 arguments for message/enum.");
+    }
+    self->field_type_class = argv[1];
+    if (argc > 2) {
+      ary = argv[2];
+    }
+    validate_type_class(self->field_type, self->field_type_class);
+  } else {
+    if (argc > 2) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Too many arguments: expected 1 or 2.");
+    }
+    if (argc > 1) {
+      ary = argv[1];
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ary != Qnil) {
+    int i;
+
+    if (!RB_TYPE_P(ary, T_ARRAY)) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Expected array as initialize argument");
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+      RepeatedField_push(_self, rb_ary_entry(ary, i));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Mark, free, alloc, init and class setup functions.
+
+void RepeatedField_mark(void* _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = (RepeatedField*)_self;
+  upb_fieldtype_t field_type = self->field_type;
+  int element_size = native_slot_size(field_type);
+  int i;
+
+  rb_gc_mark(self->field_type_class);
+  for (i = 0; i < self->size; i++) {
+    void* memory = (((uint8_t *)self->elements) + i * element_size);
+    native_slot_mark(self->field_type, memory);
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedField_free(void* _self) {
+  RepeatedField* self = (RepeatedField*)_self;
+  xfree(self->elements);
+  xfree(self);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *     RepeatedField.new(type, type_class = nil, initial_elems = [])
+ *
+ * Creates a new repeated field. The provided type must be a Ruby symbol, and
+ * can take on the same values as those accepted by FieldDescriptor#type=. If
+ * the type is :message or :enum, type_class must be non-nil, and must be the
+ * Ruby class or module returned by Descriptor#msgclass or
+ * EnumDescriptor#enummodule, respectively. An initial list of elements may also
+ * be provided.
+ */
+VALUE RepeatedField_alloc(VALUE klass) {
+  RepeatedField* self = ALLOC(RepeatedField);
+  self->elements = NULL;
+  self->size = 0;
+  self->capacity = 0;
+  self->field_type = -1;
+  self->field_type_class = Qnil;
+  return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &RepeatedField_type, self);
+}
+
+VALUE RepeatedField_init(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
+  RepeatedField_init_args(argc, argv, self);
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+void RepeatedField_register(VALUE module) {
+  VALUE klass = rb_define_class_under(
+      module, "RepeatedField", rb_cObject);
+  rb_define_alloc_func(klass, RepeatedField_alloc);
+  rb_gc_register_address(&cRepeatedField);
+  cRepeatedField = klass;
+
+  rb_define_method(klass, "initialize",
+                   RepeatedField_init, -1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "each", RepeatedField_each, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "[]", RepeatedField_index, -1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "at", RepeatedField_index, -1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "[]=", RepeatedField_index_set, 2);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "push", RepeatedField_push_vararg, -2);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "<<", RepeatedField_push, 1);
+  rb_define_private_method(klass, "pop_one", RepeatedField_pop_one, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "replace", RepeatedField_replace, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "clear", RepeatedField_clear, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "length", RepeatedField_length, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "size", RepeatedField_length, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "dup", RepeatedField_dup, 0);
+  // Also define #clone so that we don't inherit Object#clone.
+  rb_define_method(klass, "clone", RepeatedField_dup, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "==", RepeatedField_eq, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "to_ary", RepeatedField_to_ary, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "hash", RepeatedField_hash, 0);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "+", RepeatedField_plus, 1);
+  rb_define_method(klass, "concat", RepeatedField_concat, 1);
+  rb_include_module(klass, rb_mEnumerable);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/storage.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/storage.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..739c0a776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/storage.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1149 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "protobuf.h"
+
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include <ruby/encoding.h>
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Ruby <-> native slot management.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define CHARPTR_AT(msg, ofs) ((char*)msg + ofs)
+#define DEREF_OFFSET(msg, ofs, type) *(type*)CHARPTR_AT(msg, ofs)
+#define DEREF(memory, type) *(type*)(memory)
+
+size_t native_slot_size(upb_fieldtype_t type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:   return 4;
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:  return 8;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:    return 1;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:  return sizeof(VALUE);
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:   return sizeof(VALUE);
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: return sizeof(VALUE);
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:    return 4;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:   return 4;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:   return 8;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:  return 4;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:  return 8;
+    default: return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool is_ruby_num(VALUE value) {
+  return (TYPE(value) == T_FLOAT ||
+          TYPE(value) == T_FIXNUM ||
+          TYPE(value) == T_BIGNUM);
+}
+
+void native_slot_check_int_range_precision(const char* name, upb_fieldtype_t type, VALUE val) {
+  if (!is_ruby_num(val)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "Expected number type for integral field '%s' (given %s).",
+             name, rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(val)));
+  }
+
+  // NUM2{INT,UINT,LL,ULL} macros do the appropriate range checks on upper
+  // bound; we just need to do precision checks (i.e., disallow rounding) and
+  // check for < 0 on unsigned types.
+  if (TYPE(val) == T_FLOAT) {
+    double dbl_val = NUM2DBL(val);
+    if (floor(dbl_val) != dbl_val) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eRangeError,
+               "Non-integral floating point value assigned to integer field '%s' (given %s).",
+               name, rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(val)));
+    }
+  }
+  if (type == UPB_TYPE_UINT32 || type == UPB_TYPE_UINT64) {
+    if (NUM2DBL(val) < 0) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eRangeError,
+               "Assigning negative value to unsigned integer field '%s' (given %s).",
+               name, rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(val)));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE native_slot_encode_and_freeze_string(upb_fieldtype_t type, VALUE value) {
+  rb_encoding* desired_encoding = (type == UPB_TYPE_STRING) ?
+      kRubyStringUtf8Encoding : kRubyString8bitEncoding;
+  VALUE desired_encoding_value = rb_enc_from_encoding(desired_encoding);
+
+  if (rb_obj_encoding(value) != desired_encoding_value || !OBJ_FROZEN(value)) {
+    // Note: this will not duplicate underlying string data unless necessary.
+    value = rb_str_encode(value, desired_encoding_value, 0, Qnil);
+
+    if (type == UPB_TYPE_STRING &&
+        rb_enc_str_coderange(value) == ENC_CODERANGE_BROKEN) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eEncodingError, "String is invalid UTF-8");
+    }
+
+    // Ensure the data remains valid.  Since we called #encode a moment ago,
+    // this does not freeze the string the user assigned.
+    rb_obj_freeze(value);
+  }
+
+  return value;
+}
+
+void native_slot_set(const char* name,
+                     upb_fieldtype_t type, VALUE type_class,
+                     void* memory, VALUE value) {
+  native_slot_set_value_and_case(name, type, type_class, memory, value, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+void native_slot_set_value_and_case(const char* name,
+                                    upb_fieldtype_t type, VALUE type_class,
+                                    void* memory, VALUE value,
+                                    uint32_t* case_memory,
+                                    uint32_t case_number) {
+  // Note that in order to atomically change the value in memory and the case
+  // value (w.r.t. Ruby VM calls), we must set the value at |memory| only after
+  // all Ruby VM calls are complete. The case is then set at the bottom of this
+  // function.
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      if (!is_ruby_num(value)) {
+        rb_raise(cTypeError, "Expected number type for float field '%s' (given %s).",
+                 name, rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(value)));
+      }
+      DEREF(memory, float) = NUM2DBL(value);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      if (!is_ruby_num(value)) {
+        rb_raise(cTypeError, "Expected number type for double field '%s' (given %s).",
+                 name, rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(value)));
+      }
+      DEREF(memory, double) = NUM2DBL(value);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL: {
+      int8_t val = -1;
+      if (value == Qtrue) {
+        val = 1;
+      } else if (value == Qfalse) {
+        val = 0;
+      } else {
+        rb_raise(cTypeError, "Invalid argument for boolean field '%s' (given %s).",
+                 name, rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(value)));
+      }
+      DEREF(memory, int8_t) = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      if (CLASS_OF(value) == rb_cSymbol) {
+        value = rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("to_s"), 0);
+      } else if (CLASS_OF(value) != rb_cString) {
+        rb_raise(cTypeError, "Invalid argument for string field '%s' (given %s).",
+                 name, rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(value)));
+      }
+
+      DEREF(memory, VALUE) = native_slot_encode_and_freeze_string(type, value);
+      break;
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      if (CLASS_OF(value) != rb_cString) {
+        rb_raise(cTypeError, "Invalid argument for bytes field '%s' (given %s).",
+                 name, rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(value)));
+      }
+
+      DEREF(memory, VALUE) = native_slot_encode_and_freeze_string(type, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      if (CLASS_OF(value) == CLASS_OF(Qnil)) {
+        value = Qnil;
+      } else if (CLASS_OF(value) != type_class) {
+        // check for possible implicit conversions
+        VALUE converted_value = Qnil;
+        const char* field_type_name = rb_class2name(type_class);
+
+        if (strcmp(field_type_name, "Google::Protobuf::Timestamp") == 0 &&
+            rb_obj_is_kind_of(value, rb_cTime)) {
+          // Time -> Google::Protobuf::Timestamp
+          VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
+          rb_hash_aset(hash, rb_str_new2("seconds"),
+                       rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("to_i"), 0));
+          rb_hash_aset(hash, rb_str_new2("nanos"),
+                       rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("nsec"), 0));
+          {
+            VALUE args[1] = {hash};
+            converted_value = rb_class_new_instance(1, args, type_class);
+          }
+        } else if (strcmp(field_type_name, "Google::Protobuf::Duration") == 0 &&
+                   rb_obj_is_kind_of(value, rb_cNumeric)) {
+          // Numeric -> Google::Protobuf::Duration
+          VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
+          rb_hash_aset(hash, rb_str_new2("seconds"),
+                       rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("to_i"), 0));
+          {
+            VALUE n_value =
+                rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("remainder"), 1, INT2NUM(1));
+            n_value =
+                rb_funcall(n_value, rb_intern("*"), 1, INT2NUM(1000000000));
+            n_value = rb_funcall(n_value, rb_intern("round"), 0);
+            rb_hash_aset(hash, rb_str_new2("nanos"), n_value);
+          }
+          {
+            VALUE args[1] = { hash };
+            converted_value = rb_class_new_instance(1, args, type_class);
+          }
+        }
+
+        // raise if no suitable conversaion could be found
+        if (converted_value == Qnil) {
+          rb_raise(cTypeError,
+                   "Invalid type %s to assign to submessage field '%s'.",
+                  rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(value)), name);
+        } else {
+          value = converted_value;
+        }
+      }
+      DEREF(memory, VALUE) = value;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      int32_t int_val = 0;
+      if (TYPE(value) == T_STRING) {
+        value = rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("to_sym"), 0);
+      } else if (!is_ruby_num(value) && TYPE(value) != T_SYMBOL) {
+        rb_raise(cTypeError,
+                 "Expected number or symbol type for enum field '%s'.", name);
+      }
+      if (TYPE(value) == T_SYMBOL) {
+        // Ensure that the given symbol exists in the enum module.
+        VALUE lookup = rb_funcall(type_class, rb_intern("resolve"), 1, value);
+        if (lookup == Qnil) {
+          rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "Unknown symbol value for enum field '%s'.", name);
+        } else {
+          int_val = NUM2INT(lookup);
+        }
+      } else {
+        native_slot_check_int_range_precision(name, UPB_TYPE_INT32, value);
+        int_val = NUM2INT(value);
+      }
+      DEREF(memory, int32_t) = int_val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      native_slot_check_int_range_precision(name, type, value);
+      switch (type) {
+      case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+        DEREF(memory, int32_t) = NUM2INT(value);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+        DEREF(memory, int64_t) = NUM2LL(value);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+        DEREF(memory, uint32_t) = NUM2UINT(value);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+        DEREF(memory, uint64_t) = NUM2ULL(value);
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (case_memory != NULL) {
+    *case_memory = case_number;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE native_slot_get(upb_fieldtype_t type,
+                      VALUE type_class,
+                      const void* memory) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return DBL2NUM(DEREF(memory, float));
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return DBL2NUM(DEREF(memory, double));
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      return DEREF(memory, int8_t) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      return DEREF(memory, VALUE);
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      VALUE val = DEREF(memory, VALUE);
+
+      // Lazily expand wrapper type if necessary.
+      int type = TYPE(val);
+      if (type != T_DATA && type != T_NIL) {
+        // This must be a wrapper type.
+        val = ruby_wrapper_type(type_class, val);
+        DEREF(memory, VALUE) = val;
+      }
+
+      return val;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      int32_t val = DEREF(memory, int32_t);
+      VALUE symbol = enum_lookup(type_class, INT2NUM(val));
+      if (symbol == Qnil) {
+        return INT2NUM(val);
+      } else {
+        return symbol;
+      }
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+      return INT2NUM(DEREF(memory, int32_t));
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+      return LL2NUM(DEREF(memory, int64_t));
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+      return UINT2NUM(DEREF(memory, uint32_t));
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      return ULL2NUM(DEREF(memory, uint64_t));
+    default:
+      return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+void native_slot_init(upb_fieldtype_t type, void* memory) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      DEREF(memory, float) = 0.0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      DEREF(memory, double) = 0.0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      DEREF(memory, int8_t) = 0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      DEREF(memory, VALUE) = rb_str_new2("");
+      rb_enc_associate(DEREF(memory, VALUE), (type == UPB_TYPE_BYTES) ?
+                       kRubyString8bitEncoding : kRubyStringUtf8Encoding);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      DEREF(memory, VALUE) = Qnil;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+      DEREF(memory, int32_t) = 0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+      DEREF(memory, int64_t) = 0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+      DEREF(memory, uint32_t) = 0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      DEREF(memory, uint64_t) = 0;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void native_slot_mark(upb_fieldtype_t type, void* memory) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      rb_gc_mark(DEREF(memory, VALUE));
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void native_slot_dup(upb_fieldtype_t type, void* to, void* from) {
+  memcpy(to, from, native_slot_size(type));
+}
+
+void native_slot_deep_copy(upb_fieldtype_t type, VALUE type_class, void* to,
+                           void* from) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      VALUE from_val = DEREF(from, VALUE);
+      DEREF(to, VALUE) = (from_val != Qnil) ?
+          rb_funcall(from_val, rb_intern("dup"), 0) : Qnil;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      VALUE from_val = native_slot_get(type, type_class, from);
+      DEREF(to, VALUE) = (from_val != Qnil) ?
+          Message_deep_copy(from_val) : Qnil;
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      memcpy(to, from, native_slot_size(type));
+  }
+}
+
+bool native_slot_eq(upb_fieldtype_t type, VALUE type_class, void* mem1,
+                    void* mem2) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      VALUE val1 = native_slot_get(type, type_class, mem1);
+      VALUE val2 = native_slot_get(type, type_class, mem2);
+      VALUE ret = rb_funcall(val1, rb_intern("=="), 1, val2);
+      return ret == Qtrue;
+    }
+    default:
+      return !memcmp(mem1, mem2, native_slot_size(type));
+  }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Map field utilities.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const upb_msgdef* tryget_map_entry_msgdef(const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  const upb_msgdef* subdef;
+  if (upb_fielddef_label(field) != UPB_LABEL_REPEATED ||
+      upb_fielddef_type(field) != UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  subdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field);
+  return upb_msgdef_mapentry(subdef) ? subdef : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *map_entry_msgdef(const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  const upb_msgdef* subdef = tryget_map_entry_msgdef(field);
+  assert(subdef);
+  return subdef;
+}
+
+bool is_map_field(const upb_fielddef *field) {
+  const upb_msgdef* subdef = tryget_map_entry_msgdef(field);
+  if (subdef == NULL) return false;
+
+  // Map fields are a proto3 feature.
+  // If we're using proto2 syntax we need to fallback to the repeated field.
+  return upb_msgdef_syntax(subdef) == UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef* map_field_key(const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  const upb_msgdef* subdef = map_entry_msgdef(field);
+  return map_entry_key(subdef);
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef* map_field_value(const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  const upb_msgdef* subdef = map_entry_msgdef(field);
+  return map_entry_value(subdef);
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef* map_entry_key(const upb_msgdef* msgdef) {
+  const upb_fielddef* key_field = upb_msgdef_itof(msgdef, MAP_KEY_FIELD);
+  assert(key_field != NULL);
+  return key_field;
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef* map_entry_value(const upb_msgdef* msgdef) {
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(msgdef, MAP_VALUE_FIELD);
+  assert(value_field != NULL);
+  return value_field;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Memory layout management.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool field_contains_hasbit(MessageLayout* layout,
+                            const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  return layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].hasbit !=
+      MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_HASBIT;
+}
+
+static size_t align_up_to(size_t offset, size_t granularity) {
+  // Granularity must be a power of two.
+  return (offset + granularity - 1) & ~(granularity - 1);
+}
+
+bool is_value_field(const upb_fielddef* f) {
+  return upb_fielddef_isseq(f) || upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f) ||
+         upb_fielddef_isstring(f);
+}
+
+void create_layout(Descriptor* desc) {
+  const upb_msgdef *msgdef = desc->msgdef;
+  MessageLayout* layout = ALLOC(MessageLayout);
+  int nfields = upb_msgdef_numfields(msgdef);
+  int noneofs = upb_msgdef_numoneofs(msgdef);
+  upb_msg_field_iter it;
+  upb_msg_oneof_iter oit;
+  size_t off = 0;
+  size_t hasbit = 0;
+
+  layout->empty_template = NULL;
+  layout->desc = desc;
+  desc->layout = layout;
+
+  layout->fields = ALLOC_N(MessageField, nfields);
+  layout->oneofs = NULL;
+
+  if (noneofs > 0) {
+    layout->oneofs = ALLOC_N(MessageOneof, noneofs);
+  }
+
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    if (upb_fielddef_haspresence(field)) {
+      layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].hasbit = hasbit++;
+    } else {
+      layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].hasbit =
+          MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_HASBIT;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (hasbit != 0) {
+    off += (hasbit + 8 - 1) / 8;
+  }
+
+  off = align_up_to(off, sizeof(VALUE));
+  layout->value_offset = off;
+  layout->repeated_count = 0;
+  layout->map_count = 0;
+  layout->value_count = 0;
+
+  // Place all VALUE fields for repeated fields.
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field) || !upb_fielddef_isseq(field) ||
+        upb_fielddef_ismap(field)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].offset = off;
+    off += sizeof(VALUE);
+    layout->repeated_count++;
+  }
+
+  // Place all VALUE fields for map fields.
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field) || !upb_fielddef_isseq(field) ||
+        !upb_fielddef_ismap(field)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].offset = off;
+    off += sizeof(VALUE);
+    layout->map_count++;
+  }
+
+  layout->value_count = layout->repeated_count + layout->map_count;
+
+  // Next place all other (non-oneof) VALUE fields.
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field) || !is_value_field(field) ||
+        upb_fielddef_isseq(field)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].offset = off;
+    off += sizeof(VALUE);
+    layout->value_count++;
+  }
+
+  // Now place all other (non-oneof) fields.
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    size_t field_size;
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field) || is_value_field(field)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Allocate |field_size| bytes for this field in the layout.
+    field_size = native_slot_size(upb_fielddef_type(field));
+
+    // Align current offset up to |size| granularity.
+    off = align_up_to(off, field_size);
+    layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].offset = off;
+    off += field_size;
+  }
+
+  // Handle oneofs now -- we iterate over oneofs specifically and allocate only
+  // one slot per oneof.
+  //
+  // We assign all value slots first, then pack the 'case' fields at the end,
+  // since in the common case (modern 64-bit platform) these are 8 bytes and 4
+  // bytes respectively and we want to avoid alignment overhead.
+  //
+  // Note that we reserve 4 bytes (a uint32) per 'case' slot because the value
+  // space for oneof cases is conceptually as wide as field tag numbers. In
+  // practice, it's unlikely that a oneof would have more than e.g. 256 or 64K
+  // members (8 or 16 bits respectively), so conceivably we could assign
+  // consecutive case numbers and then pick a smaller oneof case slot size, but
+  // the complexity to implement this indirection is probably not worthwhile.
+  for (upb_msg_oneof_begin(&oit, msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_oneof_done(&oit);
+       upb_msg_oneof_next(&oit)) {
+    const upb_oneofdef* oneof = upb_msg_iter_oneof(&oit);
+    upb_oneof_iter fit;
+
+    // Always allocate NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE bytes, but share the slot between
+    // all fields.
+    size_t field_size = NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE;
+    // Align the offset.
+    off = align_up_to(off, field_size);
+    // Assign all fields in the oneof this same offset.
+    for (upb_oneof_begin(&fit, oneof);
+         !upb_oneof_done(&fit);
+         upb_oneof_next(&fit)) {
+      const upb_fielddef* field = upb_oneof_iter_field(&fit);
+      layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].offset = off;
+      layout->oneofs[upb_oneofdef_index(oneof)].offset = off;
+    }
+    off += field_size;
+  }
+
+  // Now the case fields.
+  for (upb_msg_oneof_begin(&oit, msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_oneof_done(&oit);
+       upb_msg_oneof_next(&oit)) {
+    const upb_oneofdef* oneof = upb_msg_iter_oneof(&oit);
+    size_t field_size = sizeof(uint32_t);
+    // Align the offset.
+    off = (off + field_size - 1) & ~(field_size - 1);
+    layout->oneofs[upb_oneofdef_index(oneof)].case_offset = off;
+    off += field_size;
+  }
+
+  layout->size = off;
+  layout->msgdef = msgdef;
+
+  // Create the empty message template.
+  layout->empty_template = ALLOC_N(char, layout->size);
+  memset(layout->empty_template, 0, layout->size);
+
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, layout->msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    layout_clear(layout, layout->empty_template, upb_msg_iter_field(&it));
+  }
+}
+
+void free_layout(MessageLayout* layout) {
+  xfree(layout->empty_template);
+  xfree(layout->fields);
+  xfree(layout->oneofs);
+  xfree(layout);
+}
+
+VALUE field_type_class(const MessageLayout* layout, const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  VALUE type_class = Qnil;
+  if (upb_fielddef_type(field) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    VALUE submsgdesc = get_msgdef_obj(layout->desc->descriptor_pool,
+                                      upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(field));
+    type_class = Descriptor_msgclass(submsgdesc);
+  } else if (upb_fielddef_type(field) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM) {
+    VALUE subenumdesc = get_enumdef_obj(layout->desc->descriptor_pool,
+                                        upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(field));
+    type_class = EnumDescriptor_enummodule(subenumdesc);
+  }
+  return type_class;
+}
+
+static void* slot_memory(MessageLayout* layout,
+                         const void* storage,
+                         const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  return ((uint8_t *)storage) +
+      layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].offset;
+}
+
+static uint32_t* slot_oneof_case(MessageLayout* layout,
+                                 const void* storage,
+                                 const upb_oneofdef* oneof) {
+  return (uint32_t*)(((uint8_t*)storage) +
+                     layout->oneofs[upb_oneofdef_index(oneof)].case_offset);
+}
+
+uint32_t slot_read_oneof_case(MessageLayout* layout, const void* storage,
+                              const upb_oneofdef* oneof) {
+  uint32_t* ptr = slot_oneof_case(layout, storage, oneof);
+  return *ptr & ~ONEOF_CASE_MASK;
+}
+
+static void slot_set_hasbit(MessageLayout* layout,
+                            const void* storage,
+                            const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  size_t hasbit = layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].hasbit;
+  assert(hasbit != MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_HASBIT);
+
+  ((uint8_t*)storage)[hasbit / 8] |= 1 << (hasbit % 8);
+}
+
+static void slot_clear_hasbit(MessageLayout* layout,
+                              const void* storage,
+                              const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  size_t hasbit = layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].hasbit;
+  assert(hasbit != MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_HASBIT);
+  ((uint8_t*)storage)[hasbit / 8] &= ~(1 << (hasbit % 8));
+}
+
+static bool slot_is_hasbit_set(MessageLayout* layout,
+                            const void* storage,
+                            const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  size_t hasbit = layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].hasbit;
+  if (hasbit == MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_HASBIT) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return DEREF_OFFSET(
+      (uint8_t*)storage, hasbit / 8, char) & (1 << (hasbit % 8));
+}
+
+VALUE layout_has(MessageLayout* layout,
+                 const void* storage,
+                 const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  assert(field_contains_hasbit(layout, field));
+  return slot_is_hasbit_set(layout, storage, field) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+void layout_clear(MessageLayout* layout,
+                 const void* storage,
+                 const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  void* memory = slot_memory(layout, storage, field);
+  const upb_oneofdef* oneof = upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field);
+
+  if (field_contains_hasbit(layout, field)) {
+    slot_clear_hasbit(layout, storage, field);
+  }
+
+  if (oneof) {
+    uint32_t* oneof_case = slot_oneof_case(layout, storage, oneof);
+    memset(memory, 0, NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE);
+    *oneof_case = ONEOF_CASE_NONE;
+  } else if (is_map_field(field)) {
+    VALUE map = Qnil;
+
+    const upb_fielddef* key_field = map_field_key(field);
+    const upb_fielddef* value_field = map_field_value(field);
+    VALUE type_class = field_type_class(layout, value_field);
+
+    if (type_class != Qnil) {
+      VALUE args[3] = {
+        fieldtype_to_ruby(upb_fielddef_type(key_field)),
+        fieldtype_to_ruby(upb_fielddef_type(value_field)),
+        type_class,
+      };
+      map = rb_class_new_instance(3, args, cMap);
+    } else {
+      VALUE args[2] = {
+        fieldtype_to_ruby(upb_fielddef_type(key_field)),
+        fieldtype_to_ruby(upb_fielddef_type(value_field)),
+      };
+      map = rb_class_new_instance(2, args, cMap);
+    }
+
+    DEREF(memory, VALUE) = map;
+  } else if (upb_fielddef_label(field) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    VALUE ary = Qnil;
+
+    VALUE type_class = field_type_class(layout, field);
+
+    if (type_class != Qnil) {
+      VALUE args[2] = {
+        fieldtype_to_ruby(upb_fielddef_type(field)),
+        type_class,
+      };
+      ary = rb_class_new_instance(2, args, cRepeatedField);
+    } else {
+      VALUE args[1] = { fieldtype_to_ruby(upb_fielddef_type(field)) };
+      ary = rb_class_new_instance(1, args, cRepeatedField);
+    }
+
+    DEREF(memory, VALUE) = ary;
+  } else {
+    native_slot_set(upb_fielddef_name(field), upb_fielddef_type(field),
+                    field_type_class(layout, field), memory,
+                    layout_get_default(field));
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE layout_get_default(const upb_fielddef *field) {
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(field)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:   return DBL2NUM(upb_fielddef_defaultfloat(field));
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:  return DBL2NUM(upb_fielddef_defaultdouble(field));
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      return upb_fielddef_defaultbool(field) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: return Qnil;
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      const upb_enumdef *enumdef = upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(field);
+      int32_t num = upb_fielddef_defaultint32(field);
+      const char *label = upb_enumdef_iton(enumdef, num);
+      if (label) {
+        return ID2SYM(rb_intern(label));
+      } else {
+        return INT2NUM(num);
+      }
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:   return INT2NUM(upb_fielddef_defaultint32(field));
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:   return LL2NUM(upb_fielddef_defaultint64(field));;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:  return UINT2NUM(upb_fielddef_defaultuint32(field));
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:  return ULL2NUM(upb_fielddef_defaultuint64(field));
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      size_t size;
+      const char *str = upb_fielddef_defaultstr(field, &size);
+      return get_frozen_string(str, size,
+                               upb_fielddef_type(field) == UPB_TYPE_BYTES);
+    }
+    default: return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE layout_get(MessageLayout* layout,
+                 const void* storage,
+                 const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  void* memory = slot_memory(layout, storage, field);
+  const upb_oneofdef* oneof = upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field);
+  bool field_set;
+  if (field_contains_hasbit(layout, field)) {
+    field_set = slot_is_hasbit_set(layout, storage, field);
+  } else {
+    field_set = true;
+  }
+
+  if (oneof) {
+    uint32_t oneof_case = slot_read_oneof_case(layout, storage, oneof);
+    if (oneof_case != upb_fielddef_number(field)) {
+      return layout_get_default(field);
+    }
+    return native_slot_get(upb_fielddef_type(field),
+                           field_type_class(layout, field), memory);
+  } else if (upb_fielddef_label(field) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    return *((VALUE *)memory);
+  } else if (!field_set) {
+    return layout_get_default(field);
+  } else {
+    return native_slot_get(upb_fielddef_type(field),
+                           field_type_class(layout, field), memory);
+  }
+}
+
+static void check_repeated_field_type(const MessageLayout* layout, VALUE val,
+                                      const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  RepeatedField* self;
+  assert(upb_fielddef_label(field) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED);
+
+  if (!RB_TYPE_P(val, T_DATA) || !RTYPEDDATA_P(val) ||
+      RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(val) != &RepeatedField_type) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "Expected repeated field array");
+  }
+
+  self = ruby_to_RepeatedField(val);
+  if (self->field_type != upb_fielddef_type(field)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "Repeated field array has wrong element type");
+  }
+
+  if (self->field_type_class != field_type_class(layout, field)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "Repeated field array has wrong message/enum class");
+  }
+}
+
+static void check_map_field_type(const MessageLayout* layout, VALUE val,
+                                 const upb_fielddef* field) {
+  const upb_fielddef* key_field = map_field_key(field);
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field = map_field_value(field);
+  Map* self;
+
+  if (!RB_TYPE_P(val, T_DATA) || !RTYPEDDATA_P(val) ||
+      RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(val) != &Map_type) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "Expected Map instance");
+  }
+
+  self = ruby_to_Map(val);
+  if (self->key_type != upb_fielddef_type(key_field)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "Map key type does not match field's key type");
+  }
+  if (self->value_type != upb_fielddef_type(value_field)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "Map value type does not match field's value type");
+  }
+  if (self->value_type_class != field_type_class(layout, value_field)) {
+    rb_raise(cTypeError, "Map value type has wrong message/enum class");
+  }
+}
+
+void layout_set(MessageLayout* layout,
+                void* storage,
+                const upb_fielddef* field,
+                VALUE val) {
+  void* memory = slot_memory(layout, storage, field);
+  const upb_oneofdef* oneof = upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field);
+
+  if (oneof) {
+    uint32_t* oneof_case = slot_oneof_case(layout, storage, oneof);
+    if (val == Qnil) {
+      // Assigning nil to a oneof field clears the oneof completely.
+      *oneof_case = ONEOF_CASE_NONE;
+      memset(memory, 0, NATIVE_SLOT_MAX_SIZE);
+    } else {
+      // The transition between field types for a single oneof (union) slot is
+      // somewhat complex because we need to ensure that a GC triggered at any
+      // point by a call into the Ruby VM sees a valid state for this field and
+      // does not either go off into the weeds (following what it thinks is a
+      // VALUE but is actually a different field type) or miss an object (seeing
+      // what it thinks is a primitive field but is actually a VALUE for the new
+      // field type).
+      //
+      // In order for the transition to be safe, the oneof case slot must be in
+      // sync with the value slot whenever the Ruby VM has been called. Thus, we
+      // use native_slot_set_value_and_case(), which ensures that both the value
+      // and case number are altered atomically (w.r.t. the Ruby VM).
+      uint32_t case_value = upb_fielddef_number(field);
+      if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(field) || upb_fielddef_isstring(field)) {
+        case_value |= ONEOF_CASE_MASK;
+      }
+
+      native_slot_set_value_and_case(
+          upb_fielddef_name(field), upb_fielddef_type(field),
+          field_type_class(layout, field), memory, val, oneof_case, case_value);
+    }
+  } else if (is_map_field(field)) {
+    check_map_field_type(layout, val, field);
+    DEREF(memory, VALUE) = val;
+  } else if (upb_fielddef_label(field) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    check_repeated_field_type(layout, val, field);
+    DEREF(memory, VALUE) = val;
+  } else {
+    native_slot_set(upb_fielddef_name(field), upb_fielddef_type(field),
+                    field_type_class(layout, field), memory, val);
+  }
+
+  if (layout->fields[upb_fielddef_index(field)].hasbit !=
+      MESSAGE_FIELD_NO_HASBIT) {
+    slot_set_hasbit(layout, storage, field);
+  }
+}
+
+void layout_init(MessageLayout* layout, void* storage) {
+  VALUE* value = (VALUE*)CHARPTR_AT(storage, layout->value_offset);
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < layout->repeated_count; i++, value++) {
+    *value = RepeatedField_new_this_type(*value);
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < layout->map_count; i++, value++) {
+    *value = Map_new_this_type(*value);
+  }
+}
+
+void layout_mark(MessageLayout* layout, void* storage) {
+  VALUE* values = (VALUE*)CHARPTR_AT(storage, layout->value_offset);
+  int noneofs = upb_msgdef_numoneofs(layout->msgdef);
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < layout->value_count; i++) {
+    rb_gc_mark(values[i]);
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < noneofs; i++) {
+    MessageOneof* oneof = &layout->oneofs[i];
+    uint32_t* case_ptr = (uint32_t*)CHARPTR_AT(storage, oneof->case_offset);
+    if (*case_ptr & ONEOF_CASE_MASK) {
+      rb_gc_mark(DEREF_OFFSET(storage, oneof->offset, VALUE));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void layout_dup(MessageLayout* layout, void* to, void* from) {
+  upb_msg_field_iter it;
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, layout->msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    const upb_oneofdef* oneof = upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field);
+
+    void* to_memory = slot_memory(layout, to, field);
+    void* from_memory = slot_memory(layout, from, field);
+
+    if (oneof) {
+      uint32_t* to_oneof_case = slot_oneof_case(layout, to, oneof);
+      uint32_t* from_oneof_case = slot_oneof_case(layout, from, oneof);
+      if (slot_read_oneof_case(layout, from, oneof) ==
+          upb_fielddef_number(field)) {
+        *to_oneof_case = *from_oneof_case;
+        native_slot_dup(upb_fielddef_type(field), to_memory, from_memory);
+      }
+    } else if (is_map_field(field)) {
+      DEREF(to_memory, VALUE) = Map_dup(DEREF(from_memory, VALUE));
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_label(field) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+      DEREF(to_memory, VALUE) = RepeatedField_dup(DEREF(from_memory, VALUE));
+    } else {
+      if (field_contains_hasbit(layout, field)) {
+        if (!slot_is_hasbit_set(layout, from, field)) continue;
+        slot_set_hasbit(layout, to, field);
+      }
+
+      native_slot_dup(upb_fielddef_type(field), to_memory, from_memory);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void layout_deep_copy(MessageLayout* layout, void* to, void* from) {
+  upb_msg_field_iter it;
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, layout->msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    const upb_oneofdef* oneof = upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field);
+
+    void* to_memory = slot_memory(layout, to, field);
+    void* from_memory = slot_memory(layout, from, field);
+
+    if (oneof) {
+      uint32_t* to_oneof_case = slot_oneof_case(layout, to, oneof);
+      uint32_t* from_oneof_case = slot_oneof_case(layout, from, oneof);
+      if (slot_read_oneof_case(layout, from, oneof) ==
+          upb_fielddef_number(field)) {
+        *to_oneof_case = *from_oneof_case;
+        native_slot_deep_copy(upb_fielddef_type(field),
+                              field_type_class(layout, field), to_memory,
+                              from_memory);
+      }
+    } else if (is_map_field(field)) {
+      DEREF(to_memory, VALUE) =
+          Map_deep_copy(DEREF(from_memory, VALUE));
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_label(field) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+      DEREF(to_memory, VALUE) =
+          RepeatedField_deep_copy(DEREF(from_memory, VALUE));
+    } else {
+      if (field_contains_hasbit(layout, field)) {
+        if (!slot_is_hasbit_set(layout, from, field)) continue;
+        slot_set_hasbit(layout, to, field);
+      }
+
+      native_slot_deep_copy(upb_fielddef_type(field),
+                            field_type_class(layout, field), to_memory,
+                            from_memory);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+VALUE layout_eq(MessageLayout* layout, void* msg1, void* msg2) {
+  upb_msg_field_iter it;
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, layout->msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    const upb_oneofdef* oneof = upb_fielddef_containingoneof(field);
+
+    void* msg1_memory = slot_memory(layout, msg1, field);
+    void* msg2_memory = slot_memory(layout, msg2, field);
+
+    if (oneof) {
+      uint32_t* msg1_oneof_case = slot_oneof_case(layout, msg1, oneof);
+      uint32_t* msg2_oneof_case = slot_oneof_case(layout, msg2, oneof);
+      if (*msg1_oneof_case != *msg2_oneof_case ||
+          (slot_read_oneof_case(layout, msg1, oneof) ==
+               upb_fielddef_number(field) &&
+           !native_slot_eq(upb_fielddef_type(field),
+                           field_type_class(layout, field), msg1_memory,
+                           msg2_memory))) {
+        return Qfalse;
+      }
+    } else if (is_map_field(field)) {
+      if (!Map_eq(DEREF(msg1_memory, VALUE),
+                  DEREF(msg2_memory, VALUE))) {
+        return Qfalse;
+      }
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_label(field) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+      if (!RepeatedField_eq(DEREF(msg1_memory, VALUE),
+                            DEREF(msg2_memory, VALUE))) {
+        return Qfalse;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (slot_is_hasbit_set(layout, msg1, field) !=
+              slot_is_hasbit_set(layout, msg2, field) ||
+          !native_slot_eq(upb_fielddef_type(field),
+                          field_type_class(layout, field), msg1_memory,
+                          msg2_memory)) {
+        return Qfalse;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+VALUE layout_hash(MessageLayout* layout, void* storage) {
+  upb_msg_field_iter it;
+  st_index_t h = rb_hash_start(0);
+  VALUE hash_sym = rb_intern("hash");
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, layout->msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    VALUE field_val = layout_get(layout, storage, field);
+    h = rb_hash_uint(h, NUM2LONG(rb_funcall(field_val, hash_sym, 0)));
+  }
+  h = rb_hash_end(h);
+
+  return INT2FIX(h);
+}
+
+VALUE layout_inspect(MessageLayout* layout, void* storage) {
+  VALUE str = rb_str_new2("");
+
+  upb_msg_field_iter it;
+  bool first = true;
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, layout->msgdef);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* field = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    VALUE field_val = layout_get(layout, storage, field);
+
+    if (!first) {
+      str = rb_str_cat2(str, ", ");
+    } else {
+      first = false;
+    }
+    str = rb_str_cat2(str, upb_fielddef_name(field));
+    str = rb_str_cat2(str, ": ");
+
+    str = rb_str_append(str, rb_funcall(field_val, rb_intern("inspect"), 0));
+  }
+
+  return str;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/upb.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/upb.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc87ea64e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/upb.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13289 @@
+/* Amalgamated source file */
+#include "upb.h"
+/*
+* This is where we define macros used across upb.
+*
+* All of these macros are undef'd in port_undef.inc to avoid leaking them to
+* users.
+*
+* The correct usage is:
+*
+*   #include "upb/foobar.h"
+*   #include "upb/baz.h"
+*
+*   // MUST be last included header.
+*   #include "upb/port_def.inc"
+*
+*   // Code for this file.
+*   // <...>
+*
+*   // Can be omitted for .c files, required for .h.
+*   #include "upb/port_undef.inc"
+*
+* This file is private and must not be included by users!
+*/
+#ifndef UINTPTR_MAX
+#error must include stdint.h first
+#endif
+
+#if UINTPTR_MAX == 0xffffffff
+#define UPB_SIZE(size32, size64) size32
+#else
+#define UPB_SIZE(size32, size64) size64
+#endif
+
+#define UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, fieldtype, offset) \
+  *(fieldtype*)((const char*)(msg) + offset)
+
+#define UPB_READ_ONEOF(msg, fieldtype, offset, case_offset, case_val, default) \
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int, case_offset) == case_val                              \
+      ? UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, fieldtype, offset)                                   \
+      : default
+
+#define UPB_WRITE_ONEOF(msg, fieldtype, offset, value, case_offset, case_val) \
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int, case_offset) = case_val;                             \
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, fieldtype, offset) = value;
+
+/* UPB_INLINE: inline if possible, emit standalone code if required. */
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define UPB_INLINE inline
+#elif defined (__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define UPB_INLINE static __inline__
+#else
+#define UPB_INLINE static
+#endif
+
+/* Hints to the compiler about likely/unlikely branches. */
+#if defined (__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define UPB_LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect((x),1)
+#define UPB_UNLIKELY(x) __builtin_expect((x),0)
+#else
+#define UPB_LIKELY(x) (x)
+#define UPB_UNLIKELY(x) (x)
+#endif
+
+/* Define UPB_BIG_ENDIAN manually if you're on big endian and your compiler
+ * doesn't provide these preprocessor symbols. */
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+#define UPB_BIG_ENDIAN
+#endif
+
+/* Macros for function attributes on compilers that support them. */
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define UPB_FORCEINLINE __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline))
+#define UPB_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+#define UPB_NORETURN __attribute__((__noreturn__))
+#else  /* !defined(__GNUC__) */
+#define UPB_FORCEINLINE
+#define UPB_NOINLINE
+#define UPB_NORETURN
+#endif
+
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L || __cplusplus >= 201103L
+/* C99/C++11 versions. */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define _upb_snprintf snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf vsnprintf
+#define _upb_va_copy(a, b) va_copy(a, b)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+/* Microsoft C/C++ versions. */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#if _MSC_VER < 1900
+int msvc_snprintf(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, ...);
+int msvc_vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, va_list arg);
+#define UPB_MSVC_VSNPRINTF
+#define _upb_snprintf msvc_snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf msvc_vsnprintf
+#else
+#define _upb_snprintf snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf vsnprintf
+#endif
+#define _upb_va_copy(a, b) va_copy(a, b)
+#elif defined __GNUC__
+/* A few hacky workarounds for functions not in C89.
+ * For internal use only!
+ * TODO(haberman): fix these by including our own implementations, or finding
+ * another workaround.
+ */
+#define _upb_snprintf __builtin_snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf __builtin_vsnprintf
+#define _upb_va_copy(a, b) __va_copy(a, b)
+#else
+#error Need implementations of [v]snprintf and va_copy
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L || defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__) || \
+    (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+// C++11 is present
+#else
+#error upb requires C++11 for C++ support
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#define UPB_MAX(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))
+#define UPB_MIN(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
+
+#define UPB_UNUSED(var) (void)var
+
+/* UPB_ASSERT(): in release mode, we use the expression without letting it be
+ * evaluated.  This prevents "unused variable" warnings. */
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define UPB_ASSERT(expr) do {} while (false && (expr))
+#else
+#define UPB_ASSERT(expr) assert(expr)
+#endif
+
+/* UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(): assert that uses functions or variables that only
+ * exist in debug mode.  This turns into regular assert. */
+#define UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(expr) assert(expr)
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define UPB_UNREACHABLE() do { assert(0); __builtin_unreachable(); } while(0)
+#else
+#define UPB_UNREACHABLE() do { assert(0); } while(0)
+#endif
+
+/* UPB_INFINITY representing floating-point positive infinity. */
+#include <math.h>
+#ifdef INFINITY
+#define UPB_INFINITY INFINITY
+#else
+#define UPB_INFINITY (1.0 / 0.0)
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+/* Maps descriptor type -> upb field type.  */
+const uint8_t upb_desctype_to_fieldtype[] = {
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP,  /* ENDGROUP */
+  UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE,          /* DOUBLE */
+  UPB_TYPE_FLOAT,           /* FLOAT */
+  UPB_TYPE_INT64,           /* INT64 */
+  UPB_TYPE_UINT64,          /* UINT64 */
+  UPB_TYPE_INT32,           /* INT32 */
+  UPB_TYPE_UINT64,          /* FIXED64 */
+  UPB_TYPE_UINT32,          /* FIXED32 */
+  UPB_TYPE_BOOL,            /* BOOL */
+  UPB_TYPE_STRING,          /* STRING */
+  UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE,         /* GROUP */
+  UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE,         /* MESSAGE */
+  UPB_TYPE_BYTES,           /* BYTES */
+  UPB_TYPE_UINT32,          /* UINT32 */
+  UPB_TYPE_ENUM,            /* ENUM */
+  UPB_TYPE_INT32,           /* SFIXED32 */
+  UPB_TYPE_INT64,           /* SFIXED64 */
+  UPB_TYPE_INT32,           /* SINT32 */
+  UPB_TYPE_INT64,           /* SINT64 */
+};
+
+/* Data pertaining to the parse. */
+typedef struct {
+  const char *ptr;           /* Current parsing position. */
+  const char *field_start;   /* Start of this field. */
+  const char *limit;         /* End of delimited region or end of buffer. */
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  int depth;
+  uint32_t end_group;  /* Set to field number of END_GROUP tag, if any. */
+} upb_decstate;
+
+/* Data passed by value to each parsing function. */
+typedef struct {
+  char *msg;
+  const upb_msglayout *layout;
+  upb_decstate *state;
+} upb_decframe;
+
+#define CHK(x) if (!(x)) { return 0; }
+
+static bool upb_skip_unknowngroup(upb_decstate *d, int field_number);
+static bool upb_decode_message(upb_decstate *d, char *msg,
+                               const upb_msglayout *l);
+
+static bool upb_decode_varint(const char **ptr, const char *limit,
+                              uint64_t *val) {
+  uint8_t byte;
+  int bitpos = 0;
+  const char *p = *ptr;
+  *val = 0;
+
+  do {
+    CHK(bitpos < 70 && p < limit);
+    byte = *p;
+    *val |= (uint64_t)(byte & 0x7F) << bitpos;
+    p++;
+    bitpos += 7;
+  } while (byte & 0x80);
+
+  *ptr = p;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_varint32(const char **ptr, const char *limit,
+                                uint32_t *val) {
+  uint64_t u64;
+  CHK(upb_decode_varint(ptr, limit, &u64) && u64 <= UINT32_MAX);
+  *val = (uint32_t)u64;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_64bit(const char **ptr, const char *limit,
+                             uint64_t *val) {
+  CHK(limit - *ptr >= 8);
+  memcpy(val, *ptr, 8);
+  *ptr += 8;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_32bit(const char **ptr, const char *limit,
+                             uint32_t *val) {
+  CHK(limit - *ptr >= 4);
+  memcpy(val, *ptr, 4);
+  *ptr += 4;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static int32_t upb_zzdecode_32(uint32_t n) {
+  return (n >> 1) ^ -(int32_t)(n & 1);
+}
+
+static int64_t upb_zzdecode_64(uint64_t n) {
+  return (n >> 1) ^ -(int64_t)(n & 1);
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_string(const char **ptr, const char *limit,
+                              int *outlen) {
+  uint32_t len;
+
+  CHK(upb_decode_varint32(ptr, limit, &len) &&
+      len < INT32_MAX &&
+      limit - *ptr >= (int32_t)len);
+
+  *outlen = len;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void upb_set32(void *msg, size_t ofs, uint32_t val) {
+  memcpy((char*)msg + ofs, &val, sizeof(val));
+}
+
+static bool upb_append_unknown(upb_decstate *d, upb_decframe *frame) {
+  upb_msg_addunknown(frame->msg, d->field_start, d->ptr - d->field_start,
+                     d->arena);
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+static bool upb_skip_unknownfielddata(upb_decstate *d, uint32_t tag,
+                                      uint32_t group_fieldnum) {
+  switch (tag & 7) {
+    case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT: {
+      uint64_t val;
+      return upb_decode_varint(&d->ptr, d->limit, &val);
+    }
+    case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT: {
+      uint32_t val;
+      return upb_decode_32bit(&d->ptr, d->limit, &val);
+    }
+    case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT: {
+      uint64_t val;
+      return upb_decode_64bit(&d->ptr, d->limit, &val);
+    }
+    case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED: {
+      int len;
+      CHK(upb_decode_string(&d->ptr, d->limit, &len));
+      d->ptr += len;
+      return true;
+    }
+    case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP:
+      return upb_skip_unknowngroup(d, tag >> 3);
+    case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP:
+      return (tag >> 3) == group_fieldnum;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool upb_skip_unknowngroup(upb_decstate *d, int field_number) {
+  while (d->ptr < d->limit && d->end_group == 0) {
+    uint32_t tag = 0;
+    CHK(upb_decode_varint32(&d->ptr, d->limit, &tag));
+    CHK(upb_skip_unknownfielddata(d, tag, field_number));
+  }
+
+  CHK(d->end_group == field_number);
+  d->end_group = 0;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_array_grow(upb_array *arr, size_t elements, size_t elem_size,
+                           upb_arena *arena) {
+  size_t needed = arr->len + elements;
+  size_t new_size = UPB_MAX(arr->size, 8);
+  size_t new_bytes;
+  size_t old_bytes;
+  void *new_data;
+  upb_alloc *alloc = upb_arena_alloc(arena);
+
+  while (new_size < needed) {
+    new_size *= 2;
+  }
+
+  old_bytes = arr->len * elem_size;
+  new_bytes = new_size * elem_size;
+  new_data = upb_realloc(alloc, arr->data, old_bytes, new_bytes);
+  CHK(new_data);
+
+  arr->data = new_data;
+  arr->size = new_size;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *upb_array_reserve(upb_array *arr, size_t elements,
+                               size_t elem_size, upb_arena *arena) {
+  if (arr->size - arr->len < elements) {
+    CHK(upb_array_grow(arr, elements, elem_size, arena));
+  }
+  return (char*)arr->data + (arr->len * elem_size);
+}
+
+bool upb_array_add(upb_array *arr, size_t elements, size_t elem_size,
+                   const void *data, upb_arena *arena) {
+  void *dest = upb_array_reserve(arr, elements, elem_size, arena);
+
+  CHK(dest);
+  arr->len += elements;
+  memcpy(dest, data, elements * elem_size);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static upb_array *upb_getarr(upb_decframe *frame,
+                             const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(field->label == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED);
+  return *(upb_array**)&frame->msg[field->offset];
+}
+
+static upb_array *upb_getorcreatearr(upb_decframe *frame,
+                                     const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  upb_array *arr = upb_getarr(frame, field);
+
+  if (!arr) {
+    arr = upb_array_new(frame->state->arena);
+    CHK(arr);
+    *(upb_array**)&frame->msg[field->offset] = arr;
+  }
+
+  return arr;
+}
+
+static upb_msg *upb_getorcreatemsg(upb_decframe *frame,
+                                   const upb_msglayout_field *field,
+                                   const upb_msglayout **subm) {
+  upb_msg **submsg = (void*)(frame->msg + field->offset);
+  *subm = frame->layout->submsgs[field->submsg_index];
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(field->label != UPB_LABEL_REPEATED);
+
+  if (!*submsg) {
+    *submsg = upb_msg_new(*subm, frame->state->arena);
+    CHK(*submsg);
+  }
+
+  return *submsg;
+}
+
+static upb_msg *upb_addmsg(upb_decframe *frame,
+                           const upb_msglayout_field *field,
+                           const upb_msglayout **subm) {
+  upb_msg *submsg;
+  upb_array *arr = upb_getorcreatearr(frame, field);
+
+  *subm = frame->layout->submsgs[field->submsg_index];
+  submsg = upb_msg_new(*subm, frame->state->arena);
+  CHK(submsg);
+  upb_array_add(arr, 1, sizeof(submsg), &submsg, frame->state->arena);
+
+  return submsg;
+}
+
+static void upb_sethasbit(upb_decframe *frame,
+                          const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  int32_t hasbit = field->presence;
+  UPB_ASSERT(field->presence > 0);
+  frame->msg[hasbit / 8] |= (1 << (hasbit % 8));
+}
+
+static void upb_setoneofcase(upb_decframe *frame,
+                             const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(field->presence < 0);
+  upb_set32(frame->msg, ~field->presence, field->number);
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_addval(upb_decframe *frame,
+                               const upb_msglayout_field *field, void *val,
+                               size_t size) {
+  char *field_mem = frame->msg + field->offset;
+  upb_array *arr;
+
+  if (field->label == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    arr = upb_getorcreatearr(frame, field);
+    CHK(arr);
+    field_mem = upb_array_reserve(arr, 1, size, frame->state->arena);
+    CHK(field_mem);
+  }
+
+  memcpy(field_mem, val, size);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void upb_decode_setpresent(upb_decframe *frame,
+                                  const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  if (field->label == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+   upb_array *arr = upb_getarr(frame, field);
+   UPB_ASSERT(arr->len < arr->size);
+   arr->len++;
+  } else if (field->presence < 0) {
+    upb_setoneofcase(frame, field);
+  } else if (field->presence > 0) {
+    upb_sethasbit(frame, field);
+  }
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_msgfield(upb_decstate *d, upb_msg *msg,
+                                const upb_msglayout *layout, int limit) {
+  const char* saved_limit = d->limit;
+  d->limit = d->ptr + limit;
+  CHK(--d->depth >= 0);
+  upb_decode_message(d, msg, layout);
+  d->depth++;
+  d->limit = saved_limit;
+  CHK(d->end_group == 0);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_groupfield(upb_decstate *d, upb_msg *msg,
+                                  const upb_msglayout *layout,
+                                  int field_number) {
+  CHK(--d->depth >= 0);
+  upb_decode_message(d, msg, layout);
+  d->depth++;
+  CHK(d->end_group == field_number);
+  d->end_group = 0;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_varintfield(upb_decstate *d, upb_decframe *frame,
+                                   const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  uint64_t val;
+  CHK(upb_decode_varint(&d->ptr, d->limit, &val));
+
+  switch (field->descriptortype) {
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT64:
+      CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &val, sizeof(val)));
+      break;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      uint32_t val32 = (uint32_t)val;
+      CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &val32, sizeof(val32)));
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BOOL: {
+      bool valbool = val != 0;
+      CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &valbool, sizeof(valbool)));
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32: {
+      int32_t decoded = upb_zzdecode_32((uint32_t)val);
+      CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &decoded, sizeof(decoded)));
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64: {
+      int64_t decoded = upb_zzdecode_64(val);
+      CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &decoded, sizeof(decoded)));
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      return upb_append_unknown(d, frame);
+  }
+
+  upb_decode_setpresent(frame, field);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_64bitfield(upb_decstate *d, upb_decframe *frame,
+                                  const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  uint64_t val;
+  CHK(upb_decode_64bit(&d->ptr, d->limit, &val));
+
+  switch (field->descriptortype) {
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &val, sizeof(val)));
+      break;
+    default:
+      return upb_append_unknown(d, frame);
+  }
+
+  upb_decode_setpresent(frame, field);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_32bitfield(upb_decstate *d, upb_decframe *frame,
+                                  const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  uint32_t val;
+  CHK(upb_decode_32bit(&d->ptr, d->limit, &val));
+
+  switch (field->descriptortype) {
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &val, sizeof(val)));
+      break;
+    default:
+      return upb_append_unknown(d, frame);
+  }
+
+  upb_decode_setpresent(frame, field);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_fixedpacked(upb_decstate *d, upb_array *arr,
+                                   uint32_t len, int elem_size) {
+  size_t elements = len / elem_size;
+
+  CHK((size_t)(elements * elem_size) == len);
+  CHK(upb_array_add(arr, elements, elem_size, d->ptr, d->arena));
+  d->ptr += len;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static upb_strview upb_decode_strfield(upb_decstate *d, uint32_t len) {
+  upb_strview ret;
+  ret.data = d->ptr;
+  ret.size = len;
+  d->ptr += len;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_toarray(upb_decstate *d, upb_decframe *frame,
+                               const upb_msglayout_field *field, int len) {
+  upb_array *arr = upb_getorcreatearr(frame, field);
+  CHK(arr);
+
+#define VARINT_CASE(ctype, decode) \
+  VARINT_CASE_EX(ctype, decode, decode)
+
+#define VARINT_CASE_EX(ctype, decode, dtype)                           \
+  {                                                                    \
+    const char *ptr = d->ptr;                                          \
+    const char *limit = ptr + len;                                     \
+    while (ptr < limit) {                                              \
+      uint64_t val;                                                    \
+      ctype decoded;                                                   \
+      CHK(upb_decode_varint(&ptr, limit, &val));                       \
+      decoded = (decode)((dtype)val);                                  \
+      CHK(upb_array_add(arr, 1, sizeof(decoded), &decoded, d->arena)); \
+    }                                                                  \
+    d->ptr = ptr;                                                      \
+    return true;                                                       \
+  }
+
+  switch (field->descriptortype) {
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      upb_strview str = upb_decode_strfield(d, len);
+      return upb_array_add(arr, 1, sizeof(str), &str, d->arena);
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return upb_decode_fixedpacked(d, arr, len, sizeof(int32_t));
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return upb_decode_fixedpacked(d, arr, len, sizeof(int64_t));
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM:
+      VARINT_CASE(uint32_t, uint32_t);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT64:
+      VARINT_CASE(uint64_t, uint64_t);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BOOL:
+      VARINT_CASE(bool, bool);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32:
+      VARINT_CASE_EX(int32_t, upb_zzdecode_32, uint32_t);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64:
+      VARINT_CASE_EX(int64_t, upb_zzdecode_64, uint64_t);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      const upb_msglayout *subm;
+      upb_msg *submsg = upb_addmsg(frame, field, &subm);
+      CHK(submsg);
+      return upb_decode_msgfield(d, submsg, subm, len);
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP:
+      return upb_append_unknown(d, frame);
+  }
+#undef VARINT_CASE
+  UPB_UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_delimitedfield(upb_decstate *d, upb_decframe *frame,
+                                      const upb_msglayout_field *field) {
+  int len;
+
+  CHK(upb_decode_string(&d->ptr, d->limit, &len));
+
+  if (field->label == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    return upb_decode_toarray(d, frame, field, len);
+  } else {
+    switch (field->descriptortype) {
+      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING:
+      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES: {
+        upb_strview str = upb_decode_strfield(d, len);
+        CHK(upb_decode_addval(frame, field, &str, sizeof(str)));
+        break;
+      }
+      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        const upb_msglayout *subm;
+        upb_msg *submsg = upb_getorcreatemsg(frame, field, &subm);
+        CHK(submsg);
+        CHK(upb_decode_msgfield(d, submsg, subm, len));
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        /* TODO(haberman): should we accept the last element of a packed? */
+        d->ptr += len;
+        return upb_append_unknown(d, frame);
+    }
+    upb_decode_setpresent(frame, field);
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field *upb_find_field(const upb_msglayout *l,
+                                                 uint32_t field_number) {
+  /* Lots of optimization opportunities here. */
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < l->field_count; i++) {
+    if (l->fields[i].number == field_number) {
+      return &l->fields[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NULL;  /* Unknown field. */
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_field(upb_decstate *d, upb_decframe *frame) {
+  uint32_t tag;
+  const upb_msglayout_field *field;
+  int field_number;
+
+  d->field_start = d->ptr;
+  CHK(upb_decode_varint32(&d->ptr, d->limit, &tag));
+  field_number = tag >> 3;
+  field = upb_find_field(frame->layout, field_number);
+
+  if (field) {
+    switch (tag & 7) {
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT:
+        return upb_decode_varintfield(d, frame, field);
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT:
+        return upb_decode_32bitfield(d, frame, field);
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT:
+        return upb_decode_64bitfield(d, frame, field);
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED:
+        return upb_decode_delimitedfield(d, frame, field);
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP: {
+        const upb_msglayout *layout;
+        upb_msg *group;
+
+        if (field->label == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+          group = upb_addmsg(frame, field, &layout);
+        } else {
+          group = upb_getorcreatemsg(frame, field, &layout);
+        }
+
+        return upb_decode_groupfield(d, group, layout, field_number);
+      }
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP:
+        d->end_group = field_number;
+        return true;
+      default:
+        CHK(false);
+    }
+  } else {
+    CHK(field_number != 0);
+    CHK(upb_skip_unknownfielddata(d, tag, -1));
+    CHK(upb_append_unknown(d, frame));
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool upb_decode_message(upb_decstate *d, char *msg, const upb_msglayout *l) {
+  upb_decframe frame;
+  frame.msg = msg;
+  frame.layout = l;
+  frame.state = d;
+
+  while (d->ptr < d->limit) {
+    CHK(upb_decode_field(d, &frame));
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_decode(const char *buf, size_t size, void *msg, const upb_msglayout *l,
+                upb_arena *arena) {
+  upb_decstate state;
+  state.ptr = buf;
+  state.limit = buf + size;
+  state.arena = arena;
+  state.depth = 64;
+  state.end_group = 0;
+
+  CHK(upb_decode_message(&state, msg, l));
+  return state.end_group == 0;
+}
+
+#undef CHK
+/* We encode backwards, to avoid pre-computing lengths (one-pass encode). */
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+
+#define UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN 10
+#define CHK(x) do { if (!(x)) { return false; } } while(0)
+
+static size_t upb_encode_varint(uint64_t val, char *buf) {
+  size_t i;
+  if (val < 128) { buf[0] = val; return 1; }
+  i = 0;
+  while (val) {
+    uint8_t byte = val & 0x7fU;
+    val >>= 7;
+    if (val) byte |= 0x80U;
+    buf[i++] = byte;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+static uint32_t upb_zzencode_32(int32_t n) { return ((uint32_t)n << 1) ^ (n >> 31); }
+static uint64_t upb_zzencode_64(int64_t n) { return ((uint64_t)n << 1) ^ (n >> 63); }
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_alloc *alloc;
+  char *buf, *ptr, *limit;
+} upb_encstate;
+
+static size_t upb_roundup_pow2(size_t bytes) {
+  size_t ret = 128;
+  while (ret < bytes) {
+    ret *= 2;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static bool upb_encode_growbuffer(upb_encstate *e, size_t bytes) {
+  size_t old_size = e->limit - e->buf;
+  size_t new_size = upb_roundup_pow2(bytes + (e->limit - e->ptr));
+  char *new_buf = upb_realloc(e->alloc, e->buf, old_size, new_size);
+  CHK(new_buf);
+
+  /* We want previous data at the end, realloc() put it at the beginning. */
+  if (old_size > 0) {
+    memmove(new_buf + new_size - old_size, e->buf, old_size);
+  }
+
+  e->ptr = new_buf + new_size - (e->limit - e->ptr);
+  e->limit = new_buf + new_size;
+  e->buf = new_buf;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Call to ensure that at least "bytes" bytes are available for writing at
+ * e->ptr.  Returns false if the bytes could not be allocated. */
+static bool upb_encode_reserve(upb_encstate *e, size_t bytes) {
+  CHK(UPB_LIKELY((size_t)(e->ptr - e->buf) >= bytes) ||
+      upb_encode_growbuffer(e, bytes));
+
+  e->ptr -= bytes;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Writes the given bytes to the buffer, handling reserve/advance. */
+static bool upb_put_bytes(upb_encstate *e, const void *data, size_t len) {
+  CHK(upb_encode_reserve(e, len));
+  memcpy(e->ptr, data, len);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_put_fixed64(upb_encstate *e, uint64_t val) {
+  /* TODO(haberman): byte-swap for big endian. */
+  return upb_put_bytes(e, &val, sizeof(uint64_t));
+}
+
+static bool upb_put_fixed32(upb_encstate *e, uint32_t val) {
+  /* TODO(haberman): byte-swap for big endian. */
+  return upb_put_bytes(e, &val, sizeof(uint32_t));
+}
+
+static bool upb_put_varint(upb_encstate *e, uint64_t val) {
+  size_t len;
+  char *start;
+  CHK(upb_encode_reserve(e, UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN));
+  len = upb_encode_varint(val, e->ptr);
+  start = e->ptr + UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN - len;
+  memmove(start, e->ptr, len);
+  e->ptr = start;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_put_double(upb_encstate *e, double d) {
+  uint64_t u64;
+  UPB_ASSERT(sizeof(double) == sizeof(uint64_t));
+  memcpy(&u64, &d, sizeof(uint64_t));
+  return upb_put_fixed64(e, u64);
+}
+
+static bool upb_put_float(upb_encstate *e, float d) {
+  uint32_t u32;
+  UPB_ASSERT(sizeof(float) == sizeof(uint32_t));
+  memcpy(&u32, &d, sizeof(uint32_t));
+  return upb_put_fixed32(e, u32);
+}
+
+static uint32_t upb_readcase(const char *msg, const upb_msglayout_field *f) {
+  uint32_t ret;
+  uint32_t offset = ~f->presence;
+  memcpy(&ret, msg + offset, sizeof(ret));
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static bool upb_readhasbit(const char *msg, const upb_msglayout_field *f) {
+  uint32_t hasbit = f->presence;
+  UPB_ASSERT(f->presence > 0);
+  return msg[hasbit / 8] & (1 << (hasbit % 8));
+}
+
+static bool upb_put_tag(upb_encstate *e, int field_number, int wire_type) {
+  return upb_put_varint(e, (field_number << 3) | wire_type);
+}
+
+static bool upb_put_fixedarray(upb_encstate *e, const upb_array *arr,
+                               size_t size) {
+  size_t bytes = arr->len * size;
+  return upb_put_bytes(e, arr->data, bytes) && upb_put_varint(e, bytes);
+}
+
+bool upb_encode_message(upb_encstate *e, const char *msg,
+                        const upb_msglayout *m, size_t *size);
+
+static bool upb_encode_array(upb_encstate *e, const char *field_mem,
+                             const upb_msglayout *m,
+                             const upb_msglayout_field *f) {
+  const upb_array *arr = *(const upb_array**)field_mem;
+
+  if (arr == NULL || arr->len == 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+#define VARINT_CASE(ctype, encode) { \
+  ctype *start = arr->data; \
+  ctype *ptr = start + arr->len; \
+  size_t pre_len = e->limit - e->ptr; \
+  do { \
+    ptr--; \
+    CHK(upb_put_varint(e, encode)); \
+  } while (ptr != start); \
+  CHK(upb_put_varint(e, e->limit - e->ptr - pre_len)); \
+} \
+break; \
+do { ; } while(0)
+
+  switch (f->descriptortype) {
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      CHK(upb_put_fixedarray(e, arr, sizeof(double)));
+      break;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      CHK(upb_put_fixedarray(e, arr, sizeof(float)));
+      break;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64:
+      CHK(upb_put_fixedarray(e, arr, sizeof(uint64_t)));
+      break;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      CHK(upb_put_fixedarray(e, arr, sizeof(uint32_t)));
+      break;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT64:
+      VARINT_CASE(uint64_t, *ptr);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT32:
+      VARINT_CASE(uint32_t, *ptr);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM:
+      VARINT_CASE(int32_t, (int64_t)*ptr);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BOOL:
+      VARINT_CASE(bool, *ptr);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32:
+      VARINT_CASE(int32_t, upb_zzencode_32(*ptr));
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64:
+      VARINT_CASE(int64_t, upb_zzencode_64(*ptr));
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      upb_strview *start = arr->data;
+      upb_strview *ptr = start + arr->len;
+      do {
+        ptr--;
+        CHK(upb_put_bytes(e, ptr->data, ptr->size) &&
+            upb_put_varint(e, ptr->size) &&
+            upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED));
+      } while (ptr != start);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP: {
+      void **start = arr->data;
+      void **ptr = start + arr->len;
+      const upb_msglayout *subm = m->submsgs[f->submsg_index];
+      do {
+        size_t size;
+        ptr--;
+        CHK(upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP) &&
+            upb_encode_message(e, *ptr, subm, &size) &&
+            upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP));
+      } while (ptr != start);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      void **start = arr->data;
+      void **ptr = start + arr->len;
+      const upb_msglayout *subm = m->submsgs[f->submsg_index];
+      do {
+        size_t size;
+        ptr--;
+        CHK(upb_encode_message(e, *ptr, subm, &size) &&
+            upb_put_varint(e, size) &&
+            upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED));
+      } while (ptr != start);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+#undef VARINT_CASE
+
+  /* We encode all primitive arrays as packed, regardless of what was specified
+   * in the .proto file.  Could special case 1-sized arrays. */
+  CHK(upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED));
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool upb_encode_scalarfield(upb_encstate *e, const char *field_mem,
+                                   const upb_msglayout *m,
+                                   const upb_msglayout_field *f,
+                                   bool skip_zero_value) {
+#define CASE(ctype, type, wire_type, encodeval) do { \
+  ctype val = *(ctype*)field_mem; \
+  if (skip_zero_value && val == 0) { \
+    return true; \
+  } \
+  return upb_put_ ## type(e, encodeval) && \
+      upb_put_tag(e, f->number, wire_type); \
+} while(0)
+
+  switch (f->descriptortype) {
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      CASE(double, double, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT, val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      CASE(float, float, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT, val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT64:
+      CASE(uint64_t, varint, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT, val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT32:
+      CASE(uint32_t, varint, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT, val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM:
+      CASE(int32_t, varint, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT, (int64_t)val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64:
+      CASE(uint64_t, fixed64, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT, val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      CASE(uint32_t, fixed32, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT, val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BOOL:
+      CASE(bool, varint, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT, val);
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32:
+      CASE(int32_t, varint, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT, upb_zzencode_32(val));
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64:
+      CASE(int64_t, varint, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT, upb_zzencode_64(val));
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      upb_strview view = *(upb_strview*)field_mem;
+      if (skip_zero_value && view.size == 0) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return upb_put_bytes(e, view.data, view.size) &&
+          upb_put_varint(e, view.size) &&
+          upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED);
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP: {
+      size_t size;
+      void *submsg = *(void **)field_mem;
+      const upb_msglayout *subm = m->submsgs[f->submsg_index];
+      if (submsg == NULL) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP) &&
+          upb_encode_message(e, submsg, subm, &size) &&
+          upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP);
+    }
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      size_t size;
+      void *submsg = *(void **)field_mem;
+      const upb_msglayout *subm = m->submsgs[f->submsg_index];
+      if (submsg == NULL) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return upb_encode_message(e, submsg, subm, &size) &&
+          upb_put_varint(e, size) &&
+          upb_put_tag(e, f->number, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED);
+    }
+  }
+#undef CASE
+  UPB_UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+bool upb_encode_message(upb_encstate *e, const char *msg,
+                        const upb_msglayout *m, size_t *size) {
+  int i;
+  size_t pre_len = e->limit - e->ptr;
+  const char *unknown;
+  size_t unknown_size;
+
+  for (i = m->field_count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    const upb_msglayout_field *f = &m->fields[i];
+
+    if (f->label == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED) {
+      CHK(upb_encode_array(e, msg + f->offset, m, f));
+    } else {
+      bool skip_empty = false;
+      if (f->presence == 0) {
+        /* Proto3 presence. */
+        skip_empty = true;
+      } else if (f->presence > 0) {
+        /* Proto2 presence: hasbit. */
+        if (!upb_readhasbit(msg, f)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+      } else {
+        /* Field is in a oneof. */
+        if (upb_readcase(msg, f) != f->number) {
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      CHK(upb_encode_scalarfield(e, msg + f->offset, m, f, skip_empty));
+    }
+  }
+
+  unknown = upb_msg_getunknown(msg, &unknown_size);
+
+  if (unknown) {
+    upb_put_bytes(e, unknown, unknown_size);
+  }
+
+  *size = (e->limit - e->ptr) - pre_len;
+  return true;
+}
+
+char *upb_encode(const void *msg, const upb_msglayout *m, upb_arena *arena,
+                 size_t *size) {
+  upb_encstate e;
+  e.alloc = upb_arena_alloc(arena);
+  e.buf = NULL;
+  e.limit = NULL;
+  e.ptr = NULL;
+
+  if (!upb_encode_message(&e, msg, m, size)) {
+    *size = 0;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  *size = e.limit - e.ptr;
+
+  if (*size == 0) {
+    static char ch;
+    return &ch;
+  } else {
+    UPB_ASSERT(e.ptr);
+    return e.ptr;
+  }
+}
+
+#undef CHK
+
+
+
+
+#define VOIDPTR_AT(msg, ofs) (void*)((char*)msg + (int)ofs)
+
+/* Internal members of a upb_msg.  We can change this without breaking binary
+ * compatibility.  We put these before the user's data.  The user's upb_msg*
+ * points after the upb_msg_internal. */
+
+/* Used when a message is not extendable. */
+typedef struct {
+  char *unknown;
+  size_t unknown_len;
+  size_t unknown_size;
+} upb_msg_internal;
+
+/* Used when a message is extendable. */
+typedef struct {
+  upb_inttable *extdict;
+  upb_msg_internal base;
+} upb_msg_internal_withext;
+
+static int upb_msg_internalsize(const upb_msglayout *l) {
+  return sizeof(upb_msg_internal) - l->extendable * sizeof(void *);
+}
+
+static size_t upb_msg_sizeof(const upb_msglayout *l) {
+  return l->size + upb_msg_internalsize(l);
+}
+
+static upb_msg_internal *upb_msg_getinternal(upb_msg *msg) {
+  return VOIDPTR_AT(msg, -sizeof(upb_msg_internal));
+}
+
+static const upb_msg_internal *upb_msg_getinternal_const(const upb_msg *msg) {
+  return VOIDPTR_AT(msg, -sizeof(upb_msg_internal));
+}
+
+static upb_msg_internal_withext *upb_msg_getinternalwithext(
+    upb_msg *msg, const upb_msglayout *l) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(l->extendable);
+  return VOIDPTR_AT(msg, -sizeof(upb_msg_internal_withext));
+}
+
+upb_msg *upb_msg_new(const upb_msglayout *l, upb_arena *a) {
+  upb_alloc *alloc = upb_arena_alloc(a);
+  void *mem = upb_malloc(alloc, upb_msg_sizeof(l));
+  upb_msg_internal *in;
+  upb_msg *msg;
+
+  if (!mem) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  msg = VOIDPTR_AT(mem, upb_msg_internalsize(l));
+
+  /* Initialize normal members. */
+  memset(msg, 0, l->size);
+
+  /* Initialize internal members. */
+  in = upb_msg_getinternal(msg);
+  in->unknown = NULL;
+  in->unknown_len = 0;
+  in->unknown_size = 0;
+
+  if (l->extendable) {
+    upb_msg_getinternalwithext(msg, l)->extdict = NULL;
+  }
+
+  return msg;
+}
+
+upb_array *upb_array_new(upb_arena *a) {
+  upb_array *ret = upb_arena_malloc(a, sizeof(upb_array));
+
+  if (!ret) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  ret->data = NULL;
+  ret->len = 0;
+  ret->size = 0;
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void upb_msg_addunknown(upb_msg *msg, const char *data, size_t len,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  upb_msg_internal *in = upb_msg_getinternal(msg);
+  if (len > in->unknown_size - in->unknown_len) {
+    upb_alloc *alloc = upb_arena_alloc(arena);
+    size_t need = in->unknown_size + len;
+    size_t newsize = UPB_MAX(in->unknown_size * 2, need);
+    in->unknown = upb_realloc(alloc, in->unknown, in->unknown_size, newsize);
+    in->unknown_size = newsize;
+  }
+  memcpy(in->unknown + in->unknown_len, data, len);
+  in->unknown_len += len;
+}
+
+const char *upb_msg_getunknown(const upb_msg *msg, size_t *len) {
+  const upb_msg_internal* in = upb_msg_getinternal_const(msg);
+  *len = in->unknown_len;
+  return in->unknown;
+}
+
+#undef VOIDPTR_AT
+
+
+#ifdef UPB_MSVC_VSNPRINTF
+/* Visual C++ earlier than 2015 doesn't have standard C99 snprintf and
+ * vsnprintf. To support them, missing functions are manually implemented
+ * using the existing secure functions. */
+int msvc_vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, va_list arg) {
+  if (!s) {
+    return _vscprintf(format, arg);
+  }
+  int ret = _vsnprintf_s(s, n, _TRUNCATE, format, arg);
+  if (ret < 0) {
+	ret = _vscprintf(format, arg);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+int msvc_snprintf(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, ...) {
+  va_list arg;
+  va_start(arg, format);
+  int ret = msvc_vsnprintf(s, n, format, arg);
+  va_end(arg);
+  return ret;
+}
+#endif
+/*
+** upb_table Implementation
+**
+** Implementation is heavily inspired by Lua's ltable.c.
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#define UPB_MAXARRSIZE 16  /* 64k. */
+
+/* From Chromium. */
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) \
+    ((sizeof(x)/sizeof(0[x])) / ((size_t)(!(sizeof(x) % sizeof(0[x])))))
+
+static void upb_check_alloc(upb_table *t, upb_alloc *a) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(t);
+  UPB_UNUSED(a);
+  UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(t->alloc == a);
+}
+
+static const double MAX_LOAD = 0.85;
+
+/* The minimum utilization of the array part of a mixed hash/array table.  This
+ * is a speed/memory-usage tradeoff (though it's not straightforward because of
+ * cache effects).  The lower this is, the more memory we'll use. */
+static const double MIN_DENSITY = 0.1;
+
+bool is_pow2(uint64_t v) { return v == 0 || (v & (v - 1)) == 0; }
+
+int log2ceil(uint64_t v) {
+  int ret = 0;
+  bool pow2 = is_pow2(v);
+  while (v >>= 1) ret++;
+  ret = pow2 ? ret : ret + 1;  /* Ceiling. */
+  return UPB_MIN(UPB_MAXARRSIZE, ret);
+}
+
+char *upb_strdup(const char *s, upb_alloc *a) {
+  return upb_strdup2(s, strlen(s), a);
+}
+
+char *upb_strdup2(const char *s, size_t len, upb_alloc *a) {
+  size_t n;
+  char *p;
+
+  /* Prevent overflow errors. */
+  if (len == SIZE_MAX) return NULL;
+  /* Always null-terminate, even if binary data; but don't rely on the input to
+   * have a null-terminating byte since it may be a raw binary buffer. */
+  n = len + 1;
+  p = upb_malloc(a, n);
+  if (p) {
+    memcpy(p, s, len);
+    p[len] = 0;
+  }
+  return p;
+}
+
+/* A type to represent the lookup key of either a strtable or an inttable. */
+typedef union {
+  uintptr_t num;
+  struct {
+    const char *str;
+    size_t len;
+  } str;
+} lookupkey_t;
+
+static lookupkey_t strkey2(const char *str, size_t len) {
+  lookupkey_t k;
+  k.str.str = str;
+  k.str.len = len;
+  return k;
+}
+
+static lookupkey_t intkey(uintptr_t key) {
+  lookupkey_t k;
+  k.num = key;
+  return k;
+}
+
+typedef uint32_t hashfunc_t(upb_tabkey key);
+typedef bool eqlfunc_t(upb_tabkey k1, lookupkey_t k2);
+
+/* Base table (shared code) ***************************************************/
+
+/* For when we need to cast away const. */
+static upb_tabent *mutable_entries(upb_table *t) {
+  return (upb_tabent*)t->entries;
+}
+
+static bool isfull(upb_table *t) {
+  if (upb_table_size(t) == 0) {
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return ((double)(t->count + 1) / upb_table_size(t)) > MAX_LOAD;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool init(upb_table *t, upb_ctype_t ctype, uint8_t size_lg2,
+                 upb_alloc *a) {
+  size_t bytes;
+
+  t->count = 0;
+  t->ctype = ctype;
+  t->size_lg2 = size_lg2;
+  t->mask = upb_table_size(t) ? upb_table_size(t) - 1 : 0;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  t->alloc = a;
+#endif
+  bytes = upb_table_size(t) * sizeof(upb_tabent);
+  if (bytes > 0) {
+    t->entries = upb_malloc(a, bytes);
+    if (!t->entries) return false;
+    memset(mutable_entries(t), 0, bytes);
+  } else {
+    t->entries = NULL;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void uninit(upb_table *t, upb_alloc *a) {
+  upb_check_alloc(t, a);
+  upb_free(a, mutable_entries(t));
+}
+
+static upb_tabent *emptyent(upb_table *t) {
+  upb_tabent *e = mutable_entries(t) + upb_table_size(t);
+  while (1) { if (upb_tabent_isempty(--e)) return e; UPB_ASSERT(e > t->entries); }
+}
+
+static upb_tabent *getentry_mutable(upb_table *t, uint32_t hash) {
+  return (upb_tabent*)upb_getentry(t, hash);
+}
+
+static const upb_tabent *findentry(const upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key,
+                                   uint32_t hash, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
+  const upb_tabent *e;
+
+  if (t->size_lg2 == 0) return NULL;
+  e = upb_getentry(t, hash);
+  if (upb_tabent_isempty(e)) return NULL;
+  while (1) {
+    if (eql(e->key, key)) return e;
+    if ((e = e->next) == NULL) return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+static upb_tabent *findentry_mutable(upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key,
+                                     uint32_t hash, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
+  return (upb_tabent*)findentry(t, key, hash, eql);
+}
+
+static bool lookup(const upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key, upb_value *v,
+                   uint32_t hash, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
+  const upb_tabent *e = findentry(t, key, hash, eql);
+  if (e) {
+    if (v) {
+      _upb_value_setval(v, e->val.val, t->ctype);
+    }
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+/* The given key must not already exist in the table. */
+static void insert(upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key, upb_tabkey tabkey,
+                   upb_value val, uint32_t hash,
+                   hashfunc_t *hashfunc, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
+  upb_tabent *mainpos_e;
+  upb_tabent *our_e;
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(findentry(t, key, hash, eql) == NULL);
+  UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(val.ctype == t->ctype);
+
+  t->count++;
+  mainpos_e = getentry_mutable(t, hash);
+  our_e = mainpos_e;
+
+  if (upb_tabent_isempty(mainpos_e)) {
+    /* Our main position is empty; use it. */
+    our_e->next = NULL;
+  } else {
+    /* Collision. */
+    upb_tabent *new_e = emptyent(t);
+    /* Head of collider's chain. */
+    upb_tabent *chain = getentry_mutable(t, hashfunc(mainpos_e->key));
+    if (chain == mainpos_e) {
+      /* Existing ent is in its main posisiton (it has the same hash as us, and
+       * is the head of our chain).  Insert to new ent and append to this chain. */
+      new_e->next = mainpos_e->next;
+      mainpos_e->next = new_e;
+      our_e = new_e;
+    } else {
+      /* Existing ent is not in its main position (it is a node in some other
+       * chain).  This implies that no existing ent in the table has our hash.
+       * Evict it (updating its chain) and use its ent for head of our chain. */
+      *new_e = *mainpos_e;  /* copies next. */
+      while (chain->next != mainpos_e) {
+        chain = (upb_tabent*)chain->next;
+        UPB_ASSERT(chain);
+      }
+      chain->next = new_e;
+      our_e = mainpos_e;
+      our_e->next = NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  our_e->key = tabkey;
+  our_e->val.val = val.val;
+  UPB_ASSERT(findentry(t, key, hash, eql) == our_e);
+}
+
+static bool rm(upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key, upb_value *val,
+               upb_tabkey *removed, uint32_t hash, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
+  upb_tabent *chain = getentry_mutable(t, hash);
+  if (upb_tabent_isempty(chain)) return false;
+  if (eql(chain->key, key)) {
+    /* Element to remove is at the head of its chain. */
+    t->count--;
+    if (val) _upb_value_setval(val, chain->val.val, t->ctype);
+    if (removed) *removed = chain->key;
+    if (chain->next) {
+      upb_tabent *move = (upb_tabent*)chain->next;
+      *chain = *move;
+      move->key = 0;  /* Make the slot empty. */
+    } else {
+      chain->key = 0;  /* Make the slot empty. */
+    }
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    /* Element to remove is either in a non-head position or not in the
+     * table. */
+    while (chain->next && !eql(chain->next->key, key)) {
+      chain = (upb_tabent*)chain->next;
+    }
+    if (chain->next) {
+      /* Found element to remove. */
+      upb_tabent *rm = (upb_tabent*)chain->next;
+      t->count--;
+      if (val) _upb_value_setval(val, chain->next->val.val, t->ctype);
+      if (removed) *removed = rm->key;
+      rm->key = 0;  /* Make the slot empty. */
+      chain->next = rm->next;
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      /* Element to remove is not in the table. */
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static size_t next(const upb_table *t, size_t i) {
+  do {
+    if (++i >= upb_table_size(t))
+      return SIZE_MAX;
+  } while(upb_tabent_isempty(&t->entries[i]));
+
+  return i;
+}
+
+static size_t begin(const upb_table *t) {
+  return next(t, -1);
+}
+
+
+/* upb_strtable ***************************************************************/
+
+/* A simple "subclass" of upb_table that only adds a hash function for strings. */
+
+static upb_tabkey strcopy(lookupkey_t k2, upb_alloc *a) {
+  uint32_t len = (uint32_t) k2.str.len;
+  char *str = upb_malloc(a, k2.str.len + sizeof(uint32_t) + 1);
+  if (str == NULL) return 0;
+  memcpy(str, &len, sizeof(uint32_t));
+  memcpy(str + sizeof(uint32_t), k2.str.str, k2.str.len);
+  str[sizeof(uint32_t) + k2.str.len] = '\0';
+  return (uintptr_t)str;
+}
+
+static uint32_t strhash(upb_tabkey key) {
+  uint32_t len;
+  char *str = upb_tabstr(key, &len);
+  return upb_murmur_hash2(str, len, 0);
+}
+
+static bool streql(upb_tabkey k1, lookupkey_t k2) {
+  uint32_t len;
+  char *str = upb_tabstr(k1, &len);
+  return len == k2.str.len && memcmp(str, k2.str.str, len) == 0;
+}
+
+bool upb_strtable_init2(upb_strtable *t, upb_ctype_t ctype, upb_alloc *a) {
+  return init(&t->t, ctype, 2, a);
+}
+
+void upb_strtable_uninit2(upb_strtable *t, upb_alloc *a) {
+  size_t i;
+  for (i = 0; i < upb_table_size(&t->t); i++)
+    upb_free(a, (void*)t->t.entries[i].key);
+  uninit(&t->t, a);
+}
+
+bool upb_strtable_resize(upb_strtable *t, size_t size_lg2, upb_alloc *a) {
+  upb_strtable new_table;
+  upb_strtable_iter i;
+
+  upb_check_alloc(&t->t, a);
+
+  if (!init(&new_table.t, t->t.ctype, size_lg2, a))
+    return false;
+  upb_strtable_begin(&i, t);
+  for ( ; !upb_strtable_done(&i); upb_strtable_next(&i)) {
+    upb_strtable_insert3(
+        &new_table,
+        upb_strtable_iter_key(&i),
+        upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&i),
+        upb_strtable_iter_value(&i),
+        a);
+  }
+  upb_strtable_uninit2(t, a);
+  *t = new_table;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_strtable_insert3(upb_strtable *t, const char *k, size_t len,
+                          upb_value v, upb_alloc *a) {
+  lookupkey_t key;
+  upb_tabkey tabkey;
+  uint32_t hash;
+
+  upb_check_alloc(&t->t, a);
+
+  if (isfull(&t->t)) {
+    /* Need to resize.  New table of double the size, add old elements to it. */
+    if (!upb_strtable_resize(t, t->t.size_lg2 + 1, a)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  key = strkey2(k, len);
+  tabkey = strcopy(key, a);
+  if (tabkey == 0) return false;
+
+  hash = upb_murmur_hash2(key.str.str, key.str.len, 0);
+  insert(&t->t, key, tabkey, v, hash, &strhash, &streql);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_strtable_lookup2(const upb_strtable *t, const char *key, size_t len,
+                          upb_value *v) {
+  uint32_t hash = upb_murmur_hash2(key, len, 0);
+  return lookup(&t->t, strkey2(key, len), v, hash, &streql);
+}
+
+bool upb_strtable_remove3(upb_strtable *t, const char *key, size_t len,
+                         upb_value *val, upb_alloc *alloc) {
+  uint32_t hash = upb_murmur_hash2(key, len, 0);
+  upb_tabkey tabkey;
+  if (rm(&t->t, strkey2(key, len), val, &tabkey, hash, &streql)) {
+    upb_free(alloc, (void*)tabkey);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Iteration */
+
+static const upb_tabent *str_tabent(const upb_strtable_iter *i) {
+  return &i->t->t.entries[i->index];
+}
+
+void upb_strtable_begin(upb_strtable_iter *i, const upb_strtable *t) {
+  i->t = t;
+  i->index = begin(&t->t);
+}
+
+void upb_strtable_next(upb_strtable_iter *i) {
+  i->index = next(&i->t->t, i->index);
+}
+
+bool upb_strtable_done(const upb_strtable_iter *i) {
+  if (!i->t) return true;
+  return i->index >= upb_table_size(&i->t->t) ||
+         upb_tabent_isempty(str_tabent(i));
+}
+
+const char *upb_strtable_iter_key(const upb_strtable_iter *i) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!upb_strtable_done(i));
+  return upb_tabstr(str_tabent(i)->key, NULL);
+}
+
+size_t upb_strtable_iter_keylength(const upb_strtable_iter *i) {
+  uint32_t len;
+  UPB_ASSERT(!upb_strtable_done(i));
+  upb_tabstr(str_tabent(i)->key, &len);
+  return len;
+}
+
+upb_value upb_strtable_iter_value(const upb_strtable_iter *i) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!upb_strtable_done(i));
+  return _upb_value_val(str_tabent(i)->val.val, i->t->t.ctype);
+}
+
+void upb_strtable_iter_setdone(upb_strtable_iter *i) {
+  i->t = NULL;
+  i->index = SIZE_MAX;
+}
+
+bool upb_strtable_iter_isequal(const upb_strtable_iter *i1,
+                               const upb_strtable_iter *i2) {
+  if (upb_strtable_done(i1) && upb_strtable_done(i2))
+    return true;
+  return i1->t == i2->t && i1->index == i2->index;
+}
+
+
+/* upb_inttable ***************************************************************/
+
+/* For inttables we use a hybrid structure where small keys are kept in an
+ * array and large keys are put in the hash table. */
+
+static uint32_t inthash(upb_tabkey key) { return upb_inthash(key); }
+
+static bool inteql(upb_tabkey k1, lookupkey_t k2) {
+  return k1 == k2.num;
+}
+
+static upb_tabval *mutable_array(upb_inttable *t) {
+  return (upb_tabval*)t->array;
+}
+
+static upb_tabval *inttable_val(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key) {
+  if (key < t->array_size) {
+    return upb_arrhas(t->array[key]) ? &(mutable_array(t)[key]) : NULL;
+  } else {
+    upb_tabent *e =
+        findentry_mutable(&t->t, intkey(key), upb_inthash(key), &inteql);
+    return e ? &e->val : NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+static const upb_tabval *inttable_val_const(const upb_inttable *t,
+                                            uintptr_t key) {
+  return inttable_val((upb_inttable*)t, key);
+}
+
+size_t upb_inttable_count(const upb_inttable *t) {
+  return t->t.count + t->array_count;
+}
+
+static void check(upb_inttable *t) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(t);
+#if defined(UPB_DEBUG_TABLE) && !defined(NDEBUG)
+  {
+    /* This check is very expensive (makes inserts/deletes O(N)). */
+    size_t count = 0;
+    upb_inttable_iter i;
+    upb_inttable_begin(&i, t);
+    for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i), count++) {
+      UPB_ASSERT(upb_inttable_lookup(t, upb_inttable_iter_key(&i), NULL));
+    }
+    UPB_ASSERT(count == upb_inttable_count(t));
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_sizedinit(upb_inttable *t, upb_ctype_t ctype,
+                            size_t asize, int hsize_lg2, upb_alloc *a) {
+  size_t array_bytes;
+
+  if (!init(&t->t, ctype, hsize_lg2, a)) return false;
+  /* Always make the array part at least 1 long, so that we know key 0
+   * won't be in the hash part, which simplifies things. */
+  t->array_size = UPB_MAX(1, asize);
+  t->array_count = 0;
+  array_bytes = t->array_size * sizeof(upb_value);
+  t->array = upb_malloc(a, array_bytes);
+  if (!t->array) {
+    uninit(&t->t, a);
+    return false;
+  }
+  memset(mutable_array(t), 0xff, array_bytes);
+  check(t);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_init2(upb_inttable *t, upb_ctype_t ctype, upb_alloc *a) {
+  return upb_inttable_sizedinit(t, ctype, 0, 4, a);
+}
+
+void upb_inttable_uninit2(upb_inttable *t, upb_alloc *a) {
+  uninit(&t->t, a);
+  upb_free(a, mutable_array(t));
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_insert2(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value val,
+                          upb_alloc *a) {
+  upb_tabval tabval;
+  tabval.val = val.val;
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_arrhas(tabval));  /* This will reject (uint64_t)-1.  Fix this. */
+
+  upb_check_alloc(&t->t, a);
+
+  if (key < t->array_size) {
+    UPB_ASSERT(!upb_arrhas(t->array[key]));
+    t->array_count++;
+    mutable_array(t)[key].val = val.val;
+  } else {
+    if (isfull(&t->t)) {
+      /* Need to resize the hash part, but we re-use the array part. */
+      size_t i;
+      upb_table new_table;
+
+      if (!init(&new_table, t->t.ctype, t->t.size_lg2 + 1, a)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      for (i = begin(&t->t); i < upb_table_size(&t->t); i = next(&t->t, i)) {
+        const upb_tabent *e = &t->t.entries[i];
+        uint32_t hash;
+        upb_value v;
+
+        _upb_value_setval(&v, e->val.val, t->t.ctype);
+        hash = upb_inthash(e->key);
+        insert(&new_table, intkey(e->key), e->key, v, hash, &inthash, &inteql);
+      }
+
+      UPB_ASSERT(t->t.count == new_table.count);
+
+      uninit(&t->t, a);
+      t->t = new_table;
+    }
+    insert(&t->t, intkey(key), key, val, upb_inthash(key), &inthash, &inteql);
+  }
+  check(t);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_lookup(const upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value *v) {
+  const upb_tabval *table_v = inttable_val_const(t, key);
+  if (!table_v) return false;
+  if (v) _upb_value_setval(v, table_v->val, t->t.ctype);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_replace(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value val) {
+  upb_tabval *table_v = inttable_val(t, key);
+  if (!table_v) return false;
+  table_v->val = val.val;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_remove(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value *val) {
+  bool success;
+  if (key < t->array_size) {
+    if (upb_arrhas(t->array[key])) {
+      upb_tabval empty = UPB_TABVALUE_EMPTY_INIT;
+      t->array_count--;
+      if (val) {
+        _upb_value_setval(val, t->array[key].val, t->t.ctype);
+      }
+      mutable_array(t)[key] = empty;
+      success = true;
+    } else {
+      success = false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    success = rm(&t->t, intkey(key), val, NULL, upb_inthash(key), &inteql);
+  }
+  check(t);
+  return success;
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_push2(upb_inttable *t, upb_value val, upb_alloc *a) {
+  upb_check_alloc(&t->t, a);
+  return upb_inttable_insert2(t, upb_inttable_count(t), val, a);
+}
+
+upb_value upb_inttable_pop(upb_inttable *t) {
+  upb_value val;
+  bool ok = upb_inttable_remove(t, upb_inttable_count(t) - 1, &val);
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  return val;
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_insertptr2(upb_inttable *t, const void *key, upb_value val,
+                             upb_alloc *a) {
+  upb_check_alloc(&t->t, a);
+  return upb_inttable_insert2(t, (uintptr_t)key, val, a);
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_lookupptr(const upb_inttable *t, const void *key,
+                            upb_value *v) {
+  return upb_inttable_lookup(t, (uintptr_t)key, v);
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_removeptr(upb_inttable *t, const void *key, upb_value *val) {
+  return upb_inttable_remove(t, (uintptr_t)key, val);
+}
+
+void upb_inttable_compact2(upb_inttable *t, upb_alloc *a) {
+  /* A power-of-two histogram of the table keys. */
+  size_t counts[UPB_MAXARRSIZE + 1] = {0};
+
+  /* The max key in each bucket. */
+  uintptr_t max[UPB_MAXARRSIZE + 1] = {0};
+
+  upb_inttable_iter i;
+  size_t arr_count;
+  int size_lg2;
+  upb_inttable new_t;
+
+  upb_check_alloc(&t->t, a);
+
+  upb_inttable_begin(&i, t);
+  for (; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+    uintptr_t key = upb_inttable_iter_key(&i);
+    int bucket = log2ceil(key);
+    max[bucket] = UPB_MAX(max[bucket], key);
+    counts[bucket]++;
+  }
+
+  /* Find the largest power of two that satisfies the MIN_DENSITY
+   * definition (while actually having some keys). */
+  arr_count = upb_inttable_count(t);
+
+  for (size_lg2 = ARRAY_SIZE(counts) - 1; size_lg2 > 0; size_lg2--) {
+    if (counts[size_lg2] == 0) {
+      /* We can halve again without losing any entries. */
+      continue;
+    } else if (arr_count >= (1 << size_lg2) * MIN_DENSITY) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    arr_count -= counts[size_lg2];
+  }
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(arr_count <= upb_inttable_count(t));
+
+  {
+    /* Insert all elements into new, perfectly-sized table. */
+    size_t arr_size = max[size_lg2] + 1;  /* +1 so arr[max] will fit. */
+    size_t hash_count = upb_inttable_count(t) - arr_count;
+    size_t hash_size = hash_count ? (hash_count / MAX_LOAD) + 1 : 0;
+    int hashsize_lg2 = log2ceil(hash_size);
+
+    upb_inttable_sizedinit(&new_t, t->t.ctype, arr_size, hashsize_lg2, a);
+    upb_inttable_begin(&i, t);
+    for (; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+      uintptr_t k = upb_inttable_iter_key(&i);
+      upb_inttable_insert2(&new_t, k, upb_inttable_iter_value(&i), a);
+    }
+    UPB_ASSERT(new_t.array_size == arr_size);
+    UPB_ASSERT(new_t.t.size_lg2 == hashsize_lg2);
+  }
+  upb_inttable_uninit2(t, a);
+  *t = new_t;
+}
+
+/* Iteration. */
+
+static const upb_tabent *int_tabent(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!i->array_part);
+  return &i->t->t.entries[i->index];
+}
+
+static upb_tabval int_arrent(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(i->array_part);
+  return i->t->array[i->index];
+}
+
+void upb_inttable_begin(upb_inttable_iter *i, const upb_inttable *t) {
+  i->t = t;
+  i->index = -1;
+  i->array_part = true;
+  upb_inttable_next(i);
+}
+
+void upb_inttable_next(upb_inttable_iter *iter) {
+  const upb_inttable *t = iter->t;
+  if (iter->array_part) {
+    while (++iter->index < t->array_size) {
+      if (upb_arrhas(int_arrent(iter))) {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    iter->array_part = false;
+    iter->index = begin(&t->t);
+  } else {
+    iter->index = next(&t->t, iter->index);
+  }
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_done(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
+  if (!i->t) return true;
+  if (i->array_part) {
+    return i->index >= i->t->array_size ||
+           !upb_arrhas(int_arrent(i));
+  } else {
+    return i->index >= upb_table_size(&i->t->t) ||
+           upb_tabent_isempty(int_tabent(i));
+  }
+}
+
+uintptr_t upb_inttable_iter_key(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!upb_inttable_done(i));
+  return i->array_part ? i->index : int_tabent(i)->key;
+}
+
+upb_value upb_inttable_iter_value(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!upb_inttable_done(i));
+  return _upb_value_val(
+      i->array_part ? i->t->array[i->index].val : int_tabent(i)->val.val,
+      i->t->t.ctype);
+}
+
+void upb_inttable_iter_setdone(upb_inttable_iter *i) {
+  i->t = NULL;
+  i->index = SIZE_MAX;
+  i->array_part = false;
+}
+
+bool upb_inttable_iter_isequal(const upb_inttable_iter *i1,
+                                          const upb_inttable_iter *i2) {
+  if (upb_inttable_done(i1) && upb_inttable_done(i2))
+    return true;
+  return i1->t == i2->t && i1->index == i2->index &&
+         i1->array_part == i2->array_part;
+}
+
+#if defined(UPB_UNALIGNED_READS_OK) || defined(__s390x__)
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * MurmurHash2, by Austin Appleby (released as public domain).
+ * Reformatted and C99-ified by Joshua Haberman.
+ * Note - This code makes a few assumptions about how your machine behaves -
+ *   1. We can read a 4-byte value from any address without crashing
+ *   2. sizeof(int) == 4 (in upb this limitation is removed by using uint32_t
+ * And it has a few limitations -
+ *   1. It will not work incrementally.
+ *   2. It will not produce the same results on little-endian and big-endian
+ *      machines. */
+uint32_t upb_murmur_hash2(const void *key, size_t len, uint32_t seed) {
+  /* 'm' and 'r' are mixing constants generated offline.
+   * They're not really 'magic', they just happen to work well. */
+  const uint32_t m = 0x5bd1e995;
+  const int32_t r = 24;
+
+  /* Initialize the hash to a 'random' value */
+  uint32_t h = seed ^ len;
+
+  /* Mix 4 bytes at a time into the hash */
+  const uint8_t * data = (const uint8_t *)key;
+  while(len >= 4) {
+    uint32_t k = *(uint32_t *)data;
+
+    k *= m;
+    k ^= k >> r;
+    k *= m;
+
+    h *= m;
+    h ^= k;
+
+    data += 4;
+    len -= 4;
+  }
+
+  /* Handle the last few bytes of the input array */
+  switch(len) {
+    case 3: h ^= data[2] << 16;
+    case 2: h ^= data[1] << 8;
+    case 1: h ^= data[0]; h *= m;
+  };
+
+  /* Do a few final mixes of the hash to ensure the last few
+   * bytes are well-incorporated. */
+  h ^= h >> 13;
+  h *= m;
+  h ^= h >> 15;
+
+  return h;
+}
+
+#else /* !UPB_UNALIGNED_READS_OK */
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * MurmurHashAligned2, by Austin Appleby
+ * Same algorithm as MurmurHash2, but only does aligned reads - should be safer
+ * on certain platforms.
+ * Performance will be lower than MurmurHash2 */
+
+#define MIX(h,k,m) { k *= m; k ^= k >> r; k *= m; h *= m; h ^= k; }
+
+uint32_t upb_murmur_hash2(const void * key, size_t len, uint32_t seed) {
+  const uint32_t m = 0x5bd1e995;
+  const int32_t r = 24;
+  const uint8_t * data = (const uint8_t *)key;
+  uint32_t h = (uint32_t)(seed ^ len);
+  uint8_t align = (uintptr_t)data & 3;
+
+  if(align && (len >= 4)) {
+    /* Pre-load the temp registers */
+    uint32_t t = 0, d = 0;
+    int32_t sl;
+    int32_t sr;
+
+    switch(align) {
+      case 1: t |= data[2] << 16;
+      case 2: t |= data[1] << 8;
+      case 3: t |= data[0];
+    }
+
+    t <<= (8 * align);
+
+    data += 4-align;
+    len -= 4-align;
+
+    sl = 8 * (4-align);
+    sr = 8 * align;
+
+    /* Mix */
+
+    while(len >= 4) {
+      uint32_t k;
+
+      d = *(uint32_t *)data;
+      t = (t >> sr) | (d << sl);
+
+      k = t;
+
+      MIX(h,k,m);
+
+      t = d;
+
+      data += 4;
+      len -= 4;
+    }
+
+    /* Handle leftover data in temp registers */
+
+    d = 0;
+
+    if(len >= align) {
+      uint32_t k;
+
+      switch(align) {
+        case 3: d |= data[2] << 16;
+        case 2: d |= data[1] << 8;
+        case 1: d |= data[0];
+      }
+
+      k = (t >> sr) | (d << sl);
+      MIX(h,k,m);
+
+      data += align;
+      len -= align;
+
+      /* ----------
+       * Handle tail bytes */
+
+      switch(len) {
+        case 3: h ^= data[2] << 16;
+        case 2: h ^= data[1] << 8;
+        case 1: h ^= data[0]; h *= m;
+      };
+    } else {
+      switch(len) {
+        case 3: d |= data[2] << 16;
+        case 2: d |= data[1] << 8;
+        case 1: d |= data[0];
+        case 0: h ^= (t >> sr) | (d << sl); h *= m;
+      }
+    }
+
+    h ^= h >> 13;
+    h *= m;
+    h ^= h >> 15;
+
+    return h;
+  } else {
+    while(len >= 4) {
+      uint32_t k = *(uint32_t *)data;
+
+      MIX(h,k,m);
+
+      data += 4;
+      len -= 4;
+    }
+
+    /* ----------
+     * Handle tail bytes */
+
+    switch(len) {
+      case 3: h ^= data[2] << 16;
+      case 2: h ^= data[1] << 8;
+      case 1: h ^= data[0]; h *= m;
+    };
+
+    h ^= h >> 13;
+    h *= m;
+    h ^= h >> 15;
+
+    return h;
+  }
+}
+#undef MIX
+
+#endif /* UPB_UNALIGNED_READS_OK */
+
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+/* Guarantee null-termination and provide ellipsis truncation.
+ * It may be tempting to "optimize" this by initializing these final
+ * four bytes up-front and then being careful never to overwrite them,
+ * this is safer and simpler. */
+static void nullz(upb_status *status) {
+  const char *ellipsis = "...";
+  size_t len = strlen(ellipsis);
+  UPB_ASSERT(sizeof(status->msg) > len);
+  memcpy(status->msg + sizeof(status->msg) - len, ellipsis, len);
+}
+
+/* upb_status *****************************************************************/
+
+void upb_status_clear(upb_status *status) {
+  if (!status) return;
+  status->ok = true;
+  status->msg[0] = '\0';
+}
+
+bool upb_ok(const upb_status *status) { return status->ok; }
+
+const char *upb_status_errmsg(const upb_status *status) { return status->msg; }
+
+void upb_status_seterrmsg(upb_status *status, const char *msg) {
+  if (!status) return;
+  status->ok = false;
+  strncpy(status->msg, msg, sizeof(status->msg));
+  nullz(status);
+}
+
+void upb_status_seterrf(upb_status *status, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+  upb_status_vseterrf(status, fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+}
+
+void upb_status_vseterrf(upb_status *status, const char *fmt, va_list args) {
+  if (!status) return;
+  status->ok = false;
+  _upb_vsnprintf(status->msg, sizeof(status->msg), fmt, args);
+  nullz(status);
+}
+
+/* upb_alloc ******************************************************************/
+
+static void *upb_global_allocfunc(upb_alloc *alloc, void *ptr, size_t oldsize,
+                                  size_t size) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(alloc);
+  UPB_UNUSED(oldsize);
+  if (size == 0) {
+    free(ptr);
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    return realloc(ptr, size);
+  }
+}
+
+upb_alloc upb_alloc_global = {&upb_global_allocfunc};
+
+/* upb_arena ******************************************************************/
+
+/* Be conservative and choose 16 in case anyone is using SSE. */
+static const size_t maxalign = 16;
+
+static size_t align_up_max(size_t size) {
+  return ((size + maxalign - 1) / maxalign) * maxalign;
+}
+
+struct upb_arena {
+  /* We implement the allocator interface.
+   * This must be the first member of upb_arena! */
+  upb_alloc alloc;
+
+  /* Allocator to allocate arena blocks.  We are responsible for freeing these
+   * when we are destroyed. */
+  upb_alloc *block_alloc;
+
+  size_t bytes_allocated;
+  size_t next_block_size;
+  size_t max_block_size;
+
+  /* Linked list of blocks.  Points to an arena_block, defined in env.c */
+  void *block_head;
+
+  /* Cleanup entries.  Pointer to a cleanup_ent, defined in env.c */
+  void *cleanup_head;
+};
+
+typedef struct mem_block {
+  struct mem_block *next;
+  size_t size;
+  size_t used;
+  bool owned;
+  /* Data follows. */
+} mem_block;
+
+typedef struct cleanup_ent {
+  struct cleanup_ent *next;
+  upb_cleanup_func *cleanup;
+  void *ud;
+} cleanup_ent;
+
+static void upb_arena_addblock(upb_arena *a, void *ptr, size_t size,
+                               bool owned) {
+  mem_block *block = ptr;
+
+  block->next = a->block_head;
+  block->size = size;
+  block->used = align_up_max(sizeof(mem_block));
+  block->owned = owned;
+
+  a->block_head = block;
+
+  /* TODO(haberman): ASAN poison. */
+}
+
+static mem_block *upb_arena_allocblock(upb_arena *a, size_t size) {
+  size_t block_size = UPB_MAX(size, a->next_block_size) + sizeof(mem_block);
+  mem_block *block = upb_malloc(a->block_alloc, block_size);
+
+  if (!block) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  upb_arena_addblock(a, block, block_size, true);
+  a->next_block_size = UPB_MIN(block_size * 2, a->max_block_size);
+
+  return block;
+}
+
+static void *upb_arena_doalloc(upb_alloc *alloc, void *ptr, size_t oldsize,
+                               size_t size) {
+  upb_arena *a = (upb_arena*)alloc;  /* upb_alloc is initial member. */
+  mem_block *block = a->block_head;
+  void *ret;
+
+  if (size == 0) {
+    return NULL;  /* We are an arena, don't need individual frees. */
+  }
+
+  size = align_up_max(size);
+
+  /* TODO(haberman): special-case if this is a realloc of the last alloc? */
+
+  if (!block || block->size - block->used < size) {
+    /* Slow path: have to allocate a new block. */
+    block = upb_arena_allocblock(a, size);
+
+    if (!block) {
+      return NULL;  /* Out of memory. */
+    }
+  }
+
+  ret = (char*)block + block->used;
+  block->used += size;
+
+  if (oldsize > 0) {
+    memcpy(ret, ptr, oldsize);  /* Preserve existing data. */
+  }
+
+  /* TODO(haberman): ASAN unpoison. */
+
+  a->bytes_allocated += size;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Public Arena API ***********************************************************/
+
+#define upb_alignof(type) offsetof (struct { char c; type member; }, member)
+
+upb_arena *upb_arena_init(void *mem, size_t n, upb_alloc *alloc) {
+  const size_t first_block_overhead = sizeof(upb_arena) + sizeof(mem_block);
+  upb_arena *a;
+  bool owned = false;
+
+  /* Round block size down to alignof(*a) since we will allocate the arena
+   * itself at the end. */
+  n &= ~(upb_alignof(upb_arena) - 1);
+
+  if (n < first_block_overhead) {
+    /* We need to malloc the initial block. */
+    n = first_block_overhead + 256;
+    owned = true;
+    if (!alloc || !(mem = upb_malloc(alloc, n))) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  a = (void*)((char*)mem + n - sizeof(*a));
+  n -= sizeof(*a);
+
+  a->alloc.func = &upb_arena_doalloc;
+  a->block_alloc = &upb_alloc_global;
+  a->bytes_allocated = 0;
+  a->next_block_size = 256;
+  a->max_block_size = 16384;
+  a->cleanup_head = NULL;
+  a->block_head = NULL;
+  a->block_alloc = alloc;
+
+  upb_arena_addblock(a, mem, n, owned);
+
+  return a;
+}
+
+#undef upb_alignof
+
+void upb_arena_free(upb_arena *a) {
+  cleanup_ent *ent = a->cleanup_head;
+  mem_block *block = a->block_head;
+
+  while (ent) {
+    ent->cleanup(ent->ud);
+    ent = ent->next;
+  }
+
+  /* Must do this after running cleanup functions, because this will delete
+   * the memory we store our cleanup entries in! */
+  while (block) {
+    /* Load first since we are deleting block. */
+    mem_block *next = block->next;
+
+    if (block->owned) {
+      upb_free(a->block_alloc, block);
+    }
+
+    block = next;
+  }
+}
+
+bool upb_arena_addcleanup(upb_arena *a, void *ud, upb_cleanup_func *func) {
+  cleanup_ent *ent = upb_malloc(&a->alloc, sizeof(cleanup_ent));
+  if (!ent) {
+    return false;  /* Out of memory. */
+  }
+
+  ent->cleanup = func;
+  ent->ud = ud;
+  ent->next = a->cleanup_head;
+  a->cleanup_head = ent;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+size_t upb_arena_bytesallocated(const upb_arena *a) {
+  return a->bytes_allocated;
+}
+/* This file was generated by upbc (the upb compiler) from the input
+ * file:
+ *
+ *     google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+ *
+ * Do not edit -- your changes will be discarded when the file is
+ * regenerated. */
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet__fields[1] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_submsgs[6] = {
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_FileOptions_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto__fields[12] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(12, 24), 2, 0, 9, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), 0, 0, 9, 3},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+  {5, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), 0, 1, 11, 3},
+  {6, UPB_SIZE(48, 96), 0, 4, 11, 3},
+  {7, UPB_SIZE(52, 104), 0, 2, 11, 3},
+  {8, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), 4, 3, 11, 1},
+  {9, UPB_SIZE(32, 64), 5, 5, 11, 1},
+  {10, UPB_SIZE(56, 112), 0, 0, 5, 3},
+  {11, UPB_SIZE(60, 120), 0, 0, 5, 3},
+  {12, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), 3, 0, 9, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(64, 128), 12, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_submsgs[8] = {
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_MessageOptions_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_DescriptorProto__fields[10] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), 0, 4, 11, 3},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), 0, 3, 11, 3},
+  {5, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), 0, 1, 11, 3},
+  {6, UPB_SIZE(32, 64), 0, 4, 11, 3},
+  {7, UPB_SIZE(12, 24), 2, 5, 11, 1},
+  {8, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), 0, 6, 11, 3},
+  {9, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), 0, 2, 11, 3},
+  {10, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), 0, 0, 9, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(48, 96), 10, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange__fields[3] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), 1, 0, 5, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 2, 0, 5, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(12, 16), 3, 0, 11, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(16, 24), 3, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange__fields[2] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), 1, 0, 5, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 2, 0, 5, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_msginit = {
+  NULL,
+  &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(12, 12), 2, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions__fields[1] = {
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_FieldOptions_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto__fields[10] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(32, 32), 5, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(40, 48), 6, 0, 9, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(24, 24), 3, 0, 5, 1},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 1, 0, 14, 1},
+  {5, UPB_SIZE(16, 16), 2, 0, 14, 1},
+  {6, UPB_SIZE(48, 64), 7, 0, 9, 1},
+  {7, UPB_SIZE(56, 80), 8, 0, 9, 1},
+  {8, UPB_SIZE(72, 112), 10, 0, 11, 1},
+  {9, UPB_SIZE(28, 28), 4, 0, 5, 1},
+  {10, UPB_SIZE(64, 96), 9, 0, 9, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(80, 128), 10, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_OneofOptions_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto__fields[2] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(12, 24), 2, 0, 11, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(16, 32), 2, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_submsgs[3] = {
+  &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_EnumOptions_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto__fields[5] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), 0, 2, 11, 3},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(12, 24), 2, 1, 11, 1},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+  {5, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), 0, 0, 9, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(32, 64), 5, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange__fields[2] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), 1, 0, 5, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 2, 0, 5, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_msginit = {
+  NULL,
+  &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(12, 12), 2, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto__fields[3] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 2, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), 1, 0, 5, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(16, 24), 3, 0, 11, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(24, 32), 3, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_submsgs[2] = {
+  &google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_msginit,
+  &google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto__fields[3] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(12, 24), 2, 1, 11, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(24, 48), 3, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_MethodOptions_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto__fields[6] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 3, 0, 9, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(12, 24), 4, 0, 9, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), 5, 0, 9, 1},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), 6, 0, 11, 1},
+  {5, UPB_SIZE(1, 1), 1, 0, 8, 1},
+  {6, UPB_SIZE(2, 2), 2, 0, 8, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(32, 64), 6, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_FileOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_FileOptions__fields[21] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(28, 32), 11, 0, 9, 1},
+  {8, UPB_SIZE(36, 48), 12, 0, 9, 1},
+  {9, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 1, 0, 14, 1},
+  {10, UPB_SIZE(16, 16), 2, 0, 8, 1},
+  {11, UPB_SIZE(44, 64), 13, 0, 9, 1},
+  {16, UPB_SIZE(17, 17), 3, 0, 8, 1},
+  {17, UPB_SIZE(18, 18), 4, 0, 8, 1},
+  {18, UPB_SIZE(19, 19), 5, 0, 8, 1},
+  {20, UPB_SIZE(20, 20), 6, 0, 8, 1},
+  {23, UPB_SIZE(21, 21), 7, 0, 8, 1},
+  {27, UPB_SIZE(22, 22), 8, 0, 8, 1},
+  {31, UPB_SIZE(23, 23), 9, 0, 8, 1},
+  {36, UPB_SIZE(52, 80), 14, 0, 9, 1},
+  {37, UPB_SIZE(60, 96), 15, 0, 9, 1},
+  {39, UPB_SIZE(68, 112), 16, 0, 9, 1},
+  {40, UPB_SIZE(76, 128), 17, 0, 9, 1},
+  {41, UPB_SIZE(84, 144), 18, 0, 9, 1},
+  {42, UPB_SIZE(24, 24), 10, 0, 8, 1},
+  {44, UPB_SIZE(92, 160), 19, 0, 9, 1},
+  {45, UPB_SIZE(100, 176), 20, 0, 9, 1},
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(108, 192), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FileOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_FileOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_FileOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(112, 208), 21, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_MessageOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_MessageOptions__fields[5] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(1, 1), 1, 0, 8, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(2, 2), 2, 0, 8, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(3, 3), 3, 0, 8, 1},
+  {7, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), 4, 0, 8, 1},
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_MessageOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_MessageOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_MessageOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(12, 16), 5, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_FieldOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_FieldOptions__fields[7] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 1, 0, 14, 1},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(24, 24), 3, 0, 8, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(25, 25), 4, 0, 8, 1},
+  {5, UPB_SIZE(26, 26), 5, 0, 8, 1},
+  {6, UPB_SIZE(16, 16), 2, 0, 14, 1},
+  {10, UPB_SIZE(27, 27), 6, 0, 8, 1},
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(28, 32), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FieldOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_FieldOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_FieldOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(32, 40), 7, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_OneofOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_OneofOptions__fields[1] = {
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_OneofOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_OneofOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_OneofOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_EnumOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_EnumOptions__fields[3] = {
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(1, 1), 1, 0, 8, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(2, 2), 2, 0, 8, 1},
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_EnumOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_EnumOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(8, 16), 3, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions__fields[2] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(1, 1), 1, 0, 8, 1},
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(8, 16), 2, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_ServiceOptions__fields[2] = {
+  {33, UPB_SIZE(1, 1), 1, 0, 8, 1},
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_ServiceOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(8, 16), 2, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_MethodOptions_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_MethodOptions__fields[3] = {
+  {33, UPB_SIZE(16, 16), 2, 0, 8, 1},
+  {34, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 1, 0, 14, 1},
+  {999, UPB_SIZE(20, 24), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_MethodOptions_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_MethodOptions_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_MethodOptions__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(24, 32), 3, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption__fields[7] = {
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(56, 80), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(32, 32), 4, 0, 9, 1},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 1, 0, 4, 1},
+  {5, UPB_SIZE(16, 16), 2, 0, 3, 1},
+  {6, UPB_SIZE(24, 24), 3, 0, 1, 1},
+  {7, UPB_SIZE(40, 48), 5, 0, 12, 1},
+  {8, UPB_SIZE(48, 64), 6, 0, 9, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(64, 96), 7, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart__fields[2] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 2, 0, 9, 2},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(1, 1), 1, 0, 8, 2},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_msginit = {
+  NULL,
+  &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(16, 32), 2, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo__fields[1] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location__fields[5] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), 0, 0, 5, 3},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), 0, 0, 5, 3},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, 0, 9, 1},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(12, 24), 2, 0, 9, 1},
+  {6, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), 0, 0, 9, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_msginit = {
+  NULL,
+  &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(32, 64), 5, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout *const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_submsgs[1] = {
+  &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_msginit,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo__fields[1] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), 0, 0, 11, 3},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_msginit = {
+  &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_submsgs[0],
+  &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(4, 8), 1, false,
+};
+
+static const upb_msglayout_field google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation__fields[4] = {
+  {1, UPB_SIZE(20, 32), 0, 0, 5, 3},
+  {2, UPB_SIZE(12, 16), 3, 0, 9, 1},
+  {3, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), 1, 0, 5, 1},
+  {4, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), 2, 0, 5, 1},
+};
+
+const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_msginit = {
+  NULL,
+  &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation__fields[0],
+  UPB_SIZE(24, 48), 4, false,
+};
+
+
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+typedef struct {
+  size_t len;
+  char str[1];  /* Null-terminated string data follows. */
+} str_t;
+
+static str_t *newstr(upb_alloc *alloc, const char *data, size_t len) {
+  str_t *ret = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*ret) + len);
+  if (!ret) return NULL;
+  ret->len = len;
+  memcpy(ret->str, data, len);
+  ret->str[len] = '\0';
+  return ret;
+}
+
+struct upb_fielddef {
+  const upb_filedef *file;
+  const upb_msgdef *msgdef;
+  const char *full_name;
+  union {
+    int64_t sint;
+    uint64_t uint;
+    double dbl;
+    float flt;
+    bool boolean;
+    str_t *str;
+  } defaultval;
+  const upb_oneofdef *oneof;
+  union {
+    const upb_msgdef *msgdef;
+    const upb_enumdef *enumdef;
+    const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *unresolved;
+  } sub;
+  uint32_t number_;
+  uint32_t index_;
+  uint32_t selector_base;  /* Used to index into a upb::Handlers table. */
+  bool is_extension_;
+  bool lazy_;
+  bool packed_;
+  upb_descriptortype_t type_;
+  upb_label_t label_;
+};
+
+struct upb_msgdef {
+  const upb_filedef *file;
+  const char *full_name;
+  uint32_t selector_count;
+  uint32_t submsg_field_count;
+
+  /* Tables for looking up fields by number and name. */
+  upb_inttable itof;
+  upb_strtable ntof;
+
+  const upb_fielddef *fields;
+  const upb_oneofdef *oneofs;
+  int field_count;
+  int oneof_count;
+
+  /* Is this a map-entry message? */
+  bool map_entry;
+  upb_wellknowntype_t well_known_type;
+
+  /* TODO(haberman): proper extension ranges (there can be multiple). */
+};
+
+struct upb_enumdef {
+  const upb_filedef *file;
+  const char *full_name;
+  upb_strtable ntoi;
+  upb_inttable iton;
+  int32_t defaultval;
+};
+
+struct upb_oneofdef {
+  const upb_msgdef *parent;
+  const char *full_name;
+  uint32_t index;
+  upb_strtable ntof;
+  upb_inttable itof;
+};
+
+struct upb_filedef {
+  const char *name;
+  const char *package;
+  const char *phpprefix;
+  const char *phpnamespace;
+  upb_syntax_t syntax;
+
+  const upb_filedef **deps;
+  const upb_msgdef *msgs;
+  const upb_enumdef *enums;
+  const upb_fielddef *exts;
+
+  int dep_count;
+  int msg_count;
+  int enum_count;
+  int ext_count;
+};
+
+struct upb_symtab {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  upb_strtable syms;  /* full_name -> packed def ptr */
+  upb_strtable files;  /* file_name -> upb_filedef* */
+};
+
+/* Inside a symtab we store tagged pointers to specific def types. */
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_DEFTYPE_MSG = 0,
+  UPB_DEFTYPE_ENUM = 1,
+  UPB_DEFTYPE_FIELD = 2,
+  UPB_DEFTYPE_ONEOF = 3
+} upb_deftype_t;
+
+static const void *unpack_def(upb_value v, upb_deftype_t type) {
+  uintptr_t num = (uintptr_t)upb_value_getconstptr(v);
+  return (num & 3) == type ? (const void*)(num & ~3) : NULL;
+}
+
+static upb_value pack_def(const void *ptr, upb_deftype_t type) {
+  uintptr_t num = (uintptr_t)ptr | type;
+  return upb_value_constptr((const void*)num);
+}
+
+/* isalpha() etc. from <ctype.h> are locale-dependent, which we don't want. */
+static bool upb_isbetween(char c, char low, char high) {
+  return c >= low && c <= high;
+}
+
+static bool upb_isletter(char c) {
+  return upb_isbetween(c, 'A', 'Z') || upb_isbetween(c, 'a', 'z') || c == '_';
+}
+
+static bool upb_isalphanum(char c) {
+  return upb_isletter(c) || upb_isbetween(c, '0', '9');
+}
+
+static bool upb_isident(upb_strview name, bool full, upb_status *s) {
+  const char *str = name.data;
+  size_t len = name.size;
+  bool start = true;
+  size_t i;
+  for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    char c = str[i];
+    if (c == '.') {
+      if (start || !full) {
+        upb_status_seterrf(s, "invalid name: unexpected '.' (%s)", str);
+        return false;
+      }
+      start = true;
+    } else if (start) {
+      if (!upb_isletter(c)) {
+        upb_status_seterrf(
+            s, "invalid name: path components must start with a letter (%s)",
+            str);
+        return false;
+      }
+      start = false;
+    } else {
+      if (!upb_isalphanum(c)) {
+        upb_status_seterrf(s, "invalid name: non-alphanumeric character (%s)",
+                           str);
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return !start;
+}
+
+static const char *shortdefname(const char *fullname) {
+  const char *p;
+
+  if (fullname == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  } else if ((p = strrchr(fullname, '.')) == NULL) {
+    /* No '.' in the name, return the full string. */
+    return fullname;
+  } else {
+    /* Return one past the last '.'. */
+    return p + 1;
+  }
+}
+
+/* All submessage fields are lower than all other fields.
+ * Secondly, fields are increasing in order. */
+uint32_t field_rank(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  uint32_t ret = upb_fielddef_number(f);
+  const uint32_t high_bit = 1 << 30;
+  UPB_ASSERT(ret < high_bit);
+  if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f))
+    ret |= high_bit;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+int cmp_fields(const void *p1, const void *p2) {
+  const upb_fielddef *f1 = *(upb_fielddef*const*)p1;
+  const upb_fielddef *f2 = *(upb_fielddef*const*)p2;
+  return field_rank(f1) - field_rank(f2);
+}
+
+/* A few implementation details of handlers.  We put these here to avoid
+ * a def -> handlers dependency. */
+
+#define UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT 3  /* Warning: also in upb/handlers.h. */
+
+static uint32_t upb_handlers_selectorbaseoffset(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return upb_fielddef_isseq(f) ? 2 : 0;
+}
+
+static uint32_t upb_handlers_selectorcount(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  uint32_t ret = 1;
+  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) ret += 2;    /* STARTSEQ/ENDSEQ */
+  if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f)) ret += 2; /* [STRING]/STARTSTR/ENDSTR */
+  if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+    /* ENDSUBMSG (STARTSUBMSG is at table beginning) */
+    ret += 0;
+    if (upb_fielddef_lazy(f)) {
+      /* STARTSTR/ENDSTR/STRING (for lazy) */
+      ret += 3;
+    }
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static bool assign_msg_indices(upb_msgdef *m, upb_status *s) {
+  /* Sort fields.  upb internally relies on UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE fields having the
+   * lowest indexes, but we do not publicly guarantee this. */
+  upb_msg_field_iter j;
+  upb_msg_oneof_iter k;
+  int i;
+  uint32_t selector;
+  int n = upb_msgdef_numfields(m);
+  upb_fielddef **fields;
+
+  if (n == 0) {
+    m->selector_count = UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT;
+    m->submsg_field_count = 0;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  fields = upb_gmalloc(n * sizeof(*fields));
+  if (!fields) {
+    upb_status_setoom(s);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  m->submsg_field_count = 0;
+  for(i = 0, upb_msg_field_begin(&j, m);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&j);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&j), i++) {
+    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&j);
+    UPB_ASSERT(f->msgdef == m);
+    if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      m->submsg_field_count++;
+    }
+    fields[i] = f;
+  }
+
+  qsort(fields, n, sizeof(*fields), cmp_fields);
+
+  selector = UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT + m->submsg_field_count;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    upb_fielddef *f = fields[i];
+    f->index_ = i;
+    f->selector_base = selector + upb_handlers_selectorbaseoffset(f);
+    selector += upb_handlers_selectorcount(f);
+  }
+  m->selector_count = selector;
+
+  for(upb_msg_oneof_begin(&k, m), i = 0;
+      !upb_msg_oneof_done(&k);
+      upb_msg_oneof_next(&k), i++) {
+    upb_oneofdef *o = (upb_oneofdef*)upb_msg_iter_oneof(&k);
+    o->index = i;
+  }
+
+  upb_gfree(fields);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void assign_msg_wellknowntype(upb_msgdef *m) {
+  const char *name = upb_msgdef_fullname(m);
+  if (name == NULL) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.Any")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.FieldMask")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.Duration")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.Timestamp")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.DoubleValue")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_DOUBLEVALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.FloatValue")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_FLOATVALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.Int64Value")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT64VALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.UInt64Value")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT64VALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.Int32Value")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT32VALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.UInt32Value")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT32VALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.BoolValue")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.StringValue")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRINGVALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.BytesValue")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_BYTESVALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.Value")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.ListValue")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE;
+  } else if (!strcmp(name, "google.protobuf.Struct")) {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRUCT;
+  } else {
+    m->well_known_type = UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* upb_enumdef ****************************************************************/
+
+const char *upb_enumdef_fullname(const upb_enumdef *e) {
+  return e->full_name;
+}
+
+const char *upb_enumdef_name(const upb_enumdef *e) {
+  return shortdefname(e->full_name);
+}
+
+const upb_filedef *upb_enumdef_file(const upb_enumdef *e) {
+  return e->file;
+}
+
+int32_t upb_enumdef_default(const upb_enumdef *e) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_enumdef_iton(e, e->defaultval));
+  return e->defaultval;
+}
+
+int upb_enumdef_numvals(const upb_enumdef *e) {
+  return upb_strtable_count(&e->ntoi);
+}
+
+void upb_enum_begin(upb_enum_iter *i, const upb_enumdef *e) {
+  /* We iterate over the ntoi table, to account for duplicate numbers. */
+  upb_strtable_begin(i, &e->ntoi);
+}
+
+void upb_enum_next(upb_enum_iter *iter) { upb_strtable_next(iter); }
+bool upb_enum_done(upb_enum_iter *iter) { return upb_strtable_done(iter); }
+
+bool upb_enumdef_ntoi(const upb_enumdef *def, const char *name,
+                      size_t len, int32_t *num) {
+  upb_value v;
+  if (!upb_strtable_lookup2(&def->ntoi, name, len, &v)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (num) *num = upb_value_getint32(v);
+  return true;
+}
+
+const char *upb_enumdef_iton(const upb_enumdef *def, int32_t num) {
+  upb_value v;
+  return upb_inttable_lookup32(&def->iton, num, &v) ?
+      upb_value_getcstr(v) : NULL;
+}
+
+const char *upb_enum_iter_name(upb_enum_iter *iter) {
+  return upb_strtable_iter_key(iter);
+}
+
+int32_t upb_enum_iter_number(upb_enum_iter *iter) {
+  return upb_value_getint32(upb_strtable_iter_value(iter));
+}
+
+
+/* upb_fielddef ***************************************************************/
+
+const char *upb_fielddef_fullname(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->full_name;
+}
+
+upb_fieldtype_t upb_fielddef_type(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  switch (f->type_) {
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return UPB_TYPE_FLOAT;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return UPB_TYPE_INT64;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32:
+      return UPB_TYPE_INT32;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return UPB_TYPE_UINT64;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return UPB_TYPE_UINT32;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM:
+      return UPB_TYPE_ENUM;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BOOL:
+      return UPB_TYPE_BOOL;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING:
+      return UPB_TYPE_STRING;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES:
+      return UPB_TYPE_BYTES;
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP:
+    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE;
+  }
+  UPB_UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+upb_descriptortype_t upb_fielddef_descriptortype(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->type_;
+}
+
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_index(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->index_;
+}
+
+upb_label_t upb_fielddef_label(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->label_;
+}
+
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_number(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->number_;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_isextension(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->is_extension_;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_lazy(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->lazy_;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_packed(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->packed_;
+}
+
+const char *upb_fielddef_name(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return shortdefname(f->full_name);
+}
+
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_selectorbase(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->selector_base;
+}
+
+size_t upb_fielddef_getjsonname(const upb_fielddef *f, char *buf, size_t len) {
+  const char *name = upb_fielddef_name(f);
+  size_t src, dst = 0;
+  bool ucase_next = false;
+
+#define WRITE(byte) \
+  ++dst; \
+  if (dst < len) buf[dst - 1] = byte; \
+  else if (dst == len) buf[dst - 1] = '\0'
+
+  if (!name) {
+    WRITE('\0');
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /* Implement the transformation as described in the spec:
+   *   1. upper case all letters after an underscore.
+   *   2. remove all underscores.
+   */
+  for (src = 0; name[src]; src++) {
+    if (name[src] == '_') {
+      ucase_next = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (ucase_next) {
+      WRITE(toupper(name[src]));
+      ucase_next = false;
+    } else {
+      WRITE(name[src]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  WRITE('\0');
+  return dst;
+
+#undef WRITE
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *upb_fielddef_containingtype(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->msgdef;
+}
+
+const upb_oneofdef *upb_fielddef_containingoneof(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return f->oneof;
+}
+
+static void chkdefaulttype(const upb_fielddef *f, int ctype) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);
+  UPB_UNUSED(ctype);
+}
+
+int64_t upb_fielddef_defaultint64(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_INT64);
+  return f->defaultval.sint;
+}
+
+int32_t upb_fielddef_defaultint32(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_INT32);
+  return f->defaultval.sint;
+}
+
+uint64_t upb_fielddef_defaultuint64(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_UINT64);
+  return f->defaultval.uint;
+}
+
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_defaultuint32(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_UINT32);
+  return f->defaultval.uint;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_defaultbool(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_BOOL);
+  return f->defaultval.boolean;
+}
+
+float upb_fielddef_defaultfloat(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_FLOAT);
+  return f->defaultval.flt;
+}
+
+double upb_fielddef_defaultdouble(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE);
+  return f->defaultval.dbl;
+}
+
+const char *upb_fielddef_defaultstr(const upb_fielddef *f, size_t *len) {
+  str_t *str = f->defaultval.str;
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_STRING ||
+         upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_BYTES ||
+         upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM);
+  if (str) {
+    if (len) *len = str->len;
+    return str->str;
+  } else {
+    if (len) *len = 0;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE);
+  return f->sub.msgdef;
+}
+
+const upb_enumdef *upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM);
+  return f->sub.enumdef;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_issubmsg(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_isstring(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_STRING ||
+         upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_BYTES;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_isseq(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return upb_fielddef_label(f) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_isprimitive(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return !upb_fielddef_isstring(f) && !upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f);
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_ismap(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return upb_fielddef_isseq(f) && upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f) &&
+         upb_msgdef_mapentry(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f));
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_hassubdef(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  return upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f) || upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_haspresence(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) return false;
+  if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) return true;
+  return f->file->syntax == UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO2;
+}
+
+static bool between(int32_t x, int32_t low, int32_t high) {
+  return x >= low && x <= high;
+}
+
+bool upb_fielddef_checklabel(int32_t label) { return between(label, 1, 3); }
+bool upb_fielddef_checktype(int32_t type) { return between(type, 1, 11); }
+bool upb_fielddef_checkintfmt(int32_t fmt) { return between(fmt, 1, 3); }
+
+bool upb_fielddef_checkdescriptortype(int32_t type) {
+  return between(type, 1, 18);
+}
+
+/* upb_msgdef *****************************************************************/
+
+const char *upb_msgdef_fullname(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return m->full_name;
+}
+
+const upb_filedef *upb_msgdef_file(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return m->file;
+}
+
+const char *upb_msgdef_name(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return shortdefname(m->full_name);
+}
+
+upb_syntax_t upb_msgdef_syntax(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return m->file->syntax;
+}
+
+size_t upb_msgdef_selectorcount(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return m->selector_count;
+}
+
+uint32_t upb_msgdef_submsgfieldcount(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return m->submsg_field_count;
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef *upb_msgdef_itof(const upb_msgdef *m, uint32_t i) {
+  upb_value val;
+  return upb_inttable_lookup32(&m->itof, i, &val) ?
+      upb_value_getconstptr(val) : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef *upb_msgdef_ntof(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name,
+                                    size_t len) {
+  upb_value val;
+
+  if (!upb_strtable_lookup2(&m->ntof, name, len, &val)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return unpack_def(val, UPB_DEFTYPE_FIELD);
+}
+
+const upb_oneofdef *upb_msgdef_ntoo(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name,
+                                    size_t len) {
+  upb_value val;
+
+  if (!upb_strtable_lookup2(&m->ntof, name, len, &val)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return unpack_def(val, UPB_DEFTYPE_ONEOF);
+}
+
+bool upb_msgdef_lookupname(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name, size_t len,
+                           const upb_fielddef **f, const upb_oneofdef **o) {
+  upb_value val;
+
+  if (!upb_strtable_lookup2(&m->ntof, name, len, &val)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  *o = unpack_def(val, UPB_DEFTYPE_ONEOF);
+  *f = unpack_def(val, UPB_DEFTYPE_FIELD);
+  UPB_ASSERT((*o != NULL) ^ (*f != NULL));  /* Exactly one of the two should be set. */
+  return true;
+}
+
+int upb_msgdef_numfields(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  /* The number table contains only fields. */
+  return upb_inttable_count(&m->itof);
+}
+
+int upb_msgdef_numoneofs(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  /* The name table includes oneofs, and the number table does not. */
+  return upb_strtable_count(&m->ntof) - upb_inttable_count(&m->itof);
+}
+
+bool upb_msgdef_mapentry(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return m->map_entry;
+}
+
+upb_wellknowntype_t upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  return m->well_known_type;
+}
+
+bool upb_msgdef_isnumberwrapper(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  upb_wellknowntype_t type = upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(m);
+  return type >= UPB_WELLKNOWN_DOUBLEVALUE &&
+         type <= UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT32VALUE;
+}
+
+void upb_msg_field_begin(upb_msg_field_iter *iter, const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  upb_inttable_begin(iter, &m->itof);
+}
+
+void upb_msg_field_next(upb_msg_field_iter *iter) { upb_inttable_next(iter); }
+
+bool upb_msg_field_done(const upb_msg_field_iter *iter) {
+  return upb_inttable_done(iter);
+}
+
+upb_fielddef *upb_msg_iter_field(const upb_msg_field_iter *iter) {
+  return (upb_fielddef *)upb_value_getconstptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(iter));
+}
+
+void upb_msg_field_iter_setdone(upb_msg_field_iter *iter) {
+  upb_inttable_iter_setdone(iter);
+}
+
+bool upb_msg_field_iter_isequal(const upb_msg_field_iter * iter1,
+                                const upb_msg_field_iter * iter2) {
+  return upb_inttable_iter_isequal(iter1, iter2);
+}
+
+void upb_msg_oneof_begin(upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter, const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  upb_strtable_begin(iter, &m->ntof);
+  /* We need to skip past any initial fields. */
+  while (!upb_strtable_done(iter) &&
+         !unpack_def(upb_strtable_iter_value(iter), UPB_DEFTYPE_ONEOF)) {
+    upb_strtable_next(iter);
+  }
+}
+
+void upb_msg_oneof_next(upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  /* We need to skip past fields to return only oneofs. */
+  do {
+    upb_strtable_next(iter);
+  } while (!upb_strtable_done(iter) &&
+           !unpack_def(upb_strtable_iter_value(iter), UPB_DEFTYPE_ONEOF));
+}
+
+bool upb_msg_oneof_done(const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  return upb_strtable_done(iter);
+}
+
+const upb_oneofdef *upb_msg_iter_oneof(const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  return unpack_def(upb_strtable_iter_value(iter), UPB_DEFTYPE_ONEOF);
+}
+
+void upb_msg_oneof_iter_setdone(upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  upb_strtable_iter_setdone(iter);
+}
+
+bool upb_msg_oneof_iter_isequal(const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter1,
+                                const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter2) {
+  return upb_strtable_iter_isequal(iter1, iter2);
+}
+
+/* upb_oneofdef ***************************************************************/
+
+const char *upb_oneofdef_name(const upb_oneofdef *o) {
+  return shortdefname(o->full_name);
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *upb_oneofdef_containingtype(const upb_oneofdef *o) {
+  return o->parent;
+}
+
+int upb_oneofdef_numfields(const upb_oneofdef *o) {
+  return upb_strtable_count(&o->ntof);
+}
+
+uint32_t upb_oneofdef_index(const upb_oneofdef *o) {
+  return o->index;
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef *upb_oneofdef_ntof(const upb_oneofdef *o,
+                                      const char *name, size_t length) {
+  upb_value val;
+  return upb_strtable_lookup2(&o->ntof, name, length, &val) ?
+      upb_value_getptr(val) : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_fielddef *upb_oneofdef_itof(const upb_oneofdef *o, uint32_t num) {
+  upb_value val;
+  return upb_inttable_lookup32(&o->itof, num, &val) ?
+      upb_value_getptr(val) : NULL;
+}
+
+void upb_oneof_begin(upb_oneof_iter *iter, const upb_oneofdef *o) {
+  upb_inttable_begin(iter, &o->itof);
+}
+
+void upb_oneof_next(upb_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  upb_inttable_next(iter);
+}
+
+bool upb_oneof_done(upb_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  return upb_inttable_done(iter);
+}
+
+upb_fielddef *upb_oneof_iter_field(const upb_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  return (upb_fielddef *)upb_value_getconstptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(iter));
+}
+
+void upb_oneof_iter_setdone(upb_oneof_iter *iter) {
+  upb_inttable_iter_setdone(iter);
+}
+
+/* Code to build defs from descriptor protos. *********************************/
+
+/* There is a question of how much validation to do here.  It will be difficult
+ * to perfectly match the amount of validation performed by proto2.  But since
+ * this code is used to directly build defs from Ruby (for example) we do need
+ * to validate important constraints like uniqueness of names and numbers. */
+
+#define CHK(x) if (!(x)) { return false; }
+#define CHK_OOM(x) if (!(x)) { upb_status_setoom(ctx->status); return false; }
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_symtab *symtab;
+  upb_filedef *file;  /* File we are building. */
+  upb_alloc *alloc;    /* Allocate defs here. */
+  upb_alloc *tmp;      /* Alloc for addtab and any other tmp data. */
+  upb_strtable *addtab;  /* full_name -> packed def ptr for new defs. */
+  upb_status *status;  /* Record errors here. */
+} symtab_addctx;
+
+static char* strviewdup(const symtab_addctx *ctx, upb_strview view) {
+  return upb_strdup2(view.data, view.size, ctx->alloc);
+}
+
+static bool streql2(const char *a, size_t n, const char *b) {
+  return n == strlen(b) && memcmp(a, b, n) == 0;
+}
+
+static bool streql_view(upb_strview view, const char *b) {
+  return streql2(view.data, view.size, b);
+}
+
+static const char *makefullname(const symtab_addctx *ctx, const char *prefix,
+                                upb_strview name) {
+  if (prefix) {
+    /* ret = prefix + '.' + name; */
+    size_t n = strlen(prefix);
+    char *ret = upb_malloc(ctx->alloc, n + name.size + 2);
+    CHK_OOM(ret);
+    strcpy(ret, prefix);
+    ret[n] = '.';
+    memcpy(&ret[n + 1], name.data, name.size);
+    ret[n + 1 + name.size] = '\0';
+    return ret;
+  } else {
+    return strviewdup(ctx, name);
+  }
+}
+
+static bool symtab_add(const symtab_addctx *ctx, const char *name,
+                       upb_value v) {
+  upb_value tmp;
+  if (upb_strtable_lookup(ctx->addtab, name, &tmp) ||
+      upb_strtable_lookup(&ctx->symtab->syms, name, &tmp)) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "duplicate symbol '%s'", name);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  CHK_OOM(upb_strtable_insert3(ctx->addtab, name, strlen(name), v, ctx->tmp));
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Given a symbol and the base symbol inside which it is defined, find the
+ * symbol's definition in t. */
+static bool resolvename(const upb_strtable *t, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                        const char *base, upb_strview sym,
+                        upb_deftype_t type, upb_status *status,
+                        const void **def) {
+  if(sym.size == 0) return NULL;
+  if(sym.data[0] == '.') {
+    /* Symbols starting with '.' are absolute, so we do a single lookup.
+     * Slice to omit the leading '.' */
+    upb_value v;
+    if (!upb_strtable_lookup2(t, sym.data + 1, sym.size - 1, &v)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    *def = unpack_def(v, type);
+
+    if (!*def) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(status,
+                         "type mismatch when resolving field %s, name %s",
+                         f->full_name, sym.data);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    /* Remove components from base until we find an entry or run out.
+     * TODO: This branch is totally broken, but currently not used. */
+    (void)base;
+    UPB_ASSERT(false);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+const void *symtab_resolve(const symtab_addctx *ctx, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                           const char *base, upb_strview sym,
+                           upb_deftype_t type) {
+  const void *ret;
+  if (!resolvename(ctx->addtab, f, base, sym, type, ctx->status, &ret) &&
+      !resolvename(&ctx->symtab->syms, f, base, sym, type, ctx->status, &ret)) {
+    if (upb_ok(ctx->status)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "couldn't resolve name '%s'", sym.data);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static bool create_oneofdef(
+    const symtab_addctx *ctx, upb_msgdef *m,
+    const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *oneof_proto) {
+  upb_oneofdef *o;
+  upb_strview name = google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_name(oneof_proto);
+  upb_value v;
+
+  o = (upb_oneofdef*)&m->oneofs[m->oneof_count++];
+  o->parent = m;
+  o->full_name = makefullname(ctx, m->full_name, name);
+
+  v = pack_def(o, UPB_DEFTYPE_ONEOF);
+  CHK_OOM(symtab_add(ctx, o->full_name, v));
+  CHK_OOM(upb_strtable_insert3(&m->ntof, name.data, name.size, v, ctx->alloc));
+
+  CHK_OOM(upb_inttable_init2(&o->itof, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, ctx->alloc));
+  CHK_OOM(upb_strtable_init2(&o->ntof, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, ctx->alloc));
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool parse_default(const symtab_addctx *ctx, const char *str, size_t len,
+                          upb_fielddef *f) {
+  char *end;
+  char nullz[64];
+  errno = 0;
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      /* Standard C number parsing functions expect null-terminated strings. */
+      if (len >= sizeof(nullz) - 1) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      memcpy(nullz, str, len);
+      nullz[len] = '\0';
+      str = nullz;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32: {
+      long val = strtol(str, &end, 0);
+      CHK(val <= INT32_MAX && val >= INT32_MIN && errno != ERANGE && !*end);
+      f->defaultval.sint = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      const upb_enumdef *e = f->sub.enumdef;
+      int32_t val;
+      CHK(upb_enumdef_ntoi(e, str, len, &val));
+      f->defaultval.sint = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64: {
+      /* XXX: Need to write our own strtoll, since it's not available in c89. */
+      long long val = strtol(str, &end, 0);
+      CHK(val <= INT64_MAX && val >= INT64_MIN && errno != ERANGE && !*end);
+      f->defaultval.sint = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32: {
+      unsigned long val = strtoul(str, &end, 0);
+      CHK(val <= UINT32_MAX && errno != ERANGE && !*end);
+      f->defaultval.uint = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64: {
+      /* XXX: Need to write our own strtoull, since it's not available in c89. */
+      unsigned long long val = strtoul(str, &end, 0);
+      CHK(val <= UINT64_MAX && errno != ERANGE && !*end);
+      f->defaultval.uint = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      double val = strtod(str, &end);
+      CHK(errno != ERANGE && !*end);
+      f->defaultval.dbl = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      /* XXX: Need to write our own strtof, since it's not available in c89. */
+      float val = strtod(str, &end);
+      CHK(errno != ERANGE && !*end);
+      f->defaultval.flt = val;
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL: {
+      if (streql2(str, len, "false")) {
+        f->defaultval.boolean = false;
+      } else if (streql2(str, len, "true")) {
+        f->defaultval.boolean = true;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      f->defaultval.str = newstr(ctx->alloc, str, len);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      /* XXX: need to interpret the C-escaped value. */
+      f->defaultval.str = newstr(ctx->alloc, str, len);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      /* Should not have a default value. */
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void set_default_default(const symtab_addctx *ctx, upb_fielddef *f) {
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+      f->defaultval.sint = 0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+      f->defaultval.uint = 0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      f->defaultval.dbl = 0;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      f->defaultval.str = newstr(ctx->alloc, NULL, 0);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      f->defaultval.boolean = false;
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool create_fielddef(
+    const symtab_addctx *ctx, const char *prefix, upb_msgdef *m,
+    const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *field_proto) {
+  upb_alloc *alloc = ctx->alloc;
+  upb_fielddef *f;
+  const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *options;
+  upb_strview name;
+  const char *full_name;
+  const char *shortname;
+  uint32_t field_number;
+
+  if (!google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_name(field_proto)) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(ctx->status, "field has no name");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  name = google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_name(field_proto);
+  CHK(upb_isident(name, false, ctx->status));
+  full_name = makefullname(ctx, prefix, name);
+  shortname = shortdefname(full_name);
+
+  field_number = google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_number(field_proto);
+
+  if (field_number == 0 || field_number > UPB_MAX_FIELDNUMBER) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "invalid field number (%u)", field_number);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (m) {
+    /* direct message field. */
+    upb_value v, packed_v;
+
+    f = (upb_fielddef*)&m->fields[m->field_count++];
+    f->msgdef = m;
+    f->is_extension_ = false;
+
+    packed_v = pack_def(f, UPB_DEFTYPE_FIELD);
+    v = upb_value_constptr(f);
+
+    if (!upb_strtable_insert3(&m->ntof, name.data, name.size, packed_v, alloc)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "duplicate field name (%s)", shortname);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!upb_inttable_insert2(&m->itof, field_number, v, alloc)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "duplicate field number (%u)",
+                         field_number);
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    /* extension field. */
+    f = (upb_fielddef*)&ctx->file->exts[ctx->file->ext_count];
+    f->is_extension_ = true;
+    CHK_OOM(symtab_add(ctx, full_name, pack_def(f, UPB_DEFTYPE_FIELD)));
+  }
+
+  f->full_name = full_name;
+  f->file = ctx->file;
+  f->type_ = (int)google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_type(field_proto);
+  f->label_ = (int)google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_label(field_proto);
+  f->number_ = field_number;
+  f->oneof = NULL;
+
+  /* We can't resolve the subdef or (in the case of extensions) the containing
+   * message yet, because it may not have been defined yet.  We stash a pointer
+   * to the field_proto until later when we can properly resolve it. */
+  f->sub.unresolved = field_proto;
+
+  if (f->label_ == UPB_LABEL_REQUIRED && f->file->syntax == UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "proto3 fields cannot be required (%s)",
+                       f->full_name);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_oneof_index(field_proto)) {
+    int oneof_index =
+        google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_oneof_index(field_proto);
+    upb_oneofdef *oneof;
+    upb_value v = upb_value_constptr(f);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_label(f) != UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "fields in oneof must have OPTIONAL label (%s)",
+                         f->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!m) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "oneof_index provided for extension field (%s)",
+                         f->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (oneof_index >= m->oneof_count) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "oneof_index out of range (%s)",
+                         f->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    oneof = (upb_oneofdef*)&m->oneofs[oneof_index];
+    f->oneof = oneof;
+
+    CHK(upb_inttable_insert2(&oneof->itof, f->number_, v, alloc));
+    CHK(upb_strtable_insert3(&oneof->ntof, name.data, name.size, v, alloc));
+  } else {
+    f->oneof = NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_options(field_proto)) {
+    options = google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_options(field_proto);
+    f->lazy_ = google_protobuf_FieldOptions_lazy(options);
+    f->packed_ = google_protobuf_FieldOptions_packed(options);
+  } else {
+    f->lazy_ = false;
+    f->packed_ = false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool create_enumdef(
+    const symtab_addctx *ctx, const char *prefix,
+    const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *enum_proto) {
+  upb_enumdef *e;
+  const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *const *values;
+  upb_strview name;
+  size_t i, n;
+
+  name = google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_name(enum_proto);
+  CHK(upb_isident(name, false, ctx->status));
+
+  e = (upb_enumdef*)&ctx->file->enums[ctx->file->enum_count++];
+  e->full_name = makefullname(ctx, prefix, name);
+  CHK_OOM(symtab_add(ctx, e->full_name, pack_def(e, UPB_DEFTYPE_ENUM)));
+
+  CHK_OOM(upb_strtable_init2(&e->ntoi, UPB_CTYPE_INT32, ctx->alloc));
+  CHK_OOM(upb_inttable_init2(&e->iton, UPB_CTYPE_CSTR, ctx->alloc));
+
+  e->file = ctx->file;
+  e->defaultval = 0;
+
+  values = google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_value(enum_proto, &n);
+
+  if (n == 0) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                       "enums must contain at least one value (%s)",
+                       e->full_name);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *value = values[i];
+    upb_strview name = google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_name(value);
+    char *name2 = strviewdup(ctx, name);
+    int32_t num = google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_number(value);
+    upb_value v = upb_value_int32(num);
+
+    if (i == 0 && e->file->syntax == UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO3 && num != 0) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "for proto3, the first enum value must be zero (%s)",
+                         e->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (upb_strtable_lookup(&e->ntoi, name2, NULL)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "duplicate enum label '%s'", name2);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    CHK_OOM(name2)
+    CHK_OOM(
+        upb_strtable_insert3(&e->ntoi, name2, strlen(name2), v, ctx->alloc));
+
+    if (!upb_inttable_lookup(&e->iton, num, NULL)) {
+      upb_value v = upb_value_cstr(name2);
+      CHK_OOM(upb_inttable_insert2(&e->iton, num, v, ctx->alloc));
+    }
+  }
+
+  upb_inttable_compact2(&e->iton, ctx->alloc);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool create_msgdef(const symtab_addctx *ctx, const char *prefix,
+                          const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg_proto) {
+  upb_msgdef *m;
+  const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *options;
+  const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *const *oneofs;
+  const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *const *fields;
+  const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *const *enums;
+  const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *const *msgs;
+  size_t i, n;
+  upb_strview name;
+
+  name = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_name(msg_proto);
+  CHK(upb_isident(name, false, ctx->status));
+
+  m = (upb_msgdef*)&ctx->file->msgs[ctx->file->msg_count++];
+  m->full_name = makefullname(ctx, prefix, name);
+  CHK_OOM(symtab_add(ctx, m->full_name, pack_def(m, UPB_DEFTYPE_MSG)));
+
+  CHK_OOM(upb_inttable_init2(&m->itof, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, ctx->alloc));
+  CHK_OOM(upb_strtable_init2(&m->ntof, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, ctx->alloc));
+
+  m->file = ctx->file;
+  m->map_entry = false;
+
+  options = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_options(msg_proto);
+
+  if (options) {
+    m->map_entry = google_protobuf_MessageOptions_map_entry(options);
+  }
+
+  oneofs = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_oneof_decl(msg_proto, &n);
+  m->oneof_count = 0;
+  m->oneofs = upb_malloc(ctx->alloc, sizeof(*m->oneofs) * n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    CHK(create_oneofdef(ctx, m, oneofs[i]));
+  }
+
+  fields = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_field(msg_proto, &n);
+  m->field_count = 0;
+  m->fields = upb_malloc(ctx->alloc, sizeof(*m->fields) * n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    CHK(create_fielddef(ctx, m->full_name, m, fields[i]));
+  }
+
+  CHK(assign_msg_indices(m, ctx->status));
+  assign_msg_wellknowntype(m);
+  upb_inttable_compact2(&m->itof, ctx->alloc);
+
+  /* This message is built.  Now build nested messages and enums. */
+
+  enums = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_enum_type(msg_proto, &n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    CHK(create_enumdef(ctx, m->full_name, enums[i]));
+  }
+
+  msgs = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_nested_type(msg_proto, &n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    CHK(create_msgdef(ctx, m->full_name, msgs[i]));
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  int msg_count;
+  int enum_count;
+  int ext_count;
+} decl_counts;
+
+static void count_types_in_msg(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg_proto,
+                               decl_counts *counts) {
+  const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *const *msgs;
+  size_t i, n;
+
+  counts->msg_count++;
+
+  msgs = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_nested_type(msg_proto, &n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    count_types_in_msg(msgs[i], counts);
+  }
+
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_enum_type(msg_proto, &n);
+  counts->enum_count += n;
+
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_extension(msg_proto, &n);
+  counts->ext_count += n;
+}
+
+static void count_types_in_file(
+    const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *file_proto,
+    decl_counts *counts) {
+  const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *const *msgs;
+  size_t i, n;
+
+  msgs = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_message_type(file_proto, &n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    count_types_in_msg(msgs[i], counts);
+  }
+
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_enum_type(file_proto, &n);
+  counts->enum_count += n;
+
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_extension(file_proto, &n);
+  counts->ext_count += n;
+}
+
+static bool resolve_fielddef(const symtab_addctx *ctx, const char *prefix,
+                             upb_fielddef *f) {
+  upb_strview name;
+  const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *field_proto = f->sub.unresolved;
+
+  if (f->is_extension_) {
+    if (!google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_extendee(field_proto)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "extension for field '%s' had no extendee",
+                         f->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    name = google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_extendee(field_proto);
+    f->msgdef = symtab_resolve(ctx, f, prefix, name, UPB_DEFTYPE_MSG);
+    CHK(f->msgdef);
+  }
+
+  if ((upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f) || f->type_ == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM) &&
+      !google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_type_name(field_proto)) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "field '%s' is missing type name",
+                       f->full_name);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  name = google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_type_name(field_proto);
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+    f->sub.msgdef = symtab_resolve(ctx, f, prefix, name, UPB_DEFTYPE_MSG);
+    CHK(f->sub.msgdef);
+  } else if (f->type_ == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM) {
+    f->sub.enumdef = symtab_resolve(ctx, f, prefix, name, UPB_DEFTYPE_ENUM);
+    CHK(f->sub.enumdef);
+  }
+
+  /* Have to delay resolving of the default value until now because of the enum
+   * case, since enum defaults are specified with a label. */
+  if (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_default_value(field_proto)) {
+    upb_strview defaultval =
+        google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_default_value(field_proto);
+
+    if (f->file->syntax == UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "proto3 fields cannot have explicit defaults (%s)",
+                         f->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "message fields cannot have explicit defaults (%s)",
+                         f->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!parse_default(ctx, defaultval.data, defaultval.size, f)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "couldn't parse default '" UPB_STRVIEW_FORMAT
+                         "' for field (%s)",
+                         UPB_STRVIEW_ARGS(defaultval), f->full_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    set_default_default(ctx, f);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool build_filedef(
+    const symtab_addctx *ctx, upb_filedef *file,
+    const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *file_proto) {
+  upb_alloc *alloc = ctx->alloc;
+  const google_protobuf_FileOptions *file_options_proto;
+  const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *const *msgs;
+  const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *const *enums;
+  const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *const *exts;
+  const upb_strview* strs;
+  size_t i, n;
+  decl_counts counts = {0};
+
+  count_types_in_file(file_proto, &counts);
+
+  file->msgs = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*file->msgs) * counts.msg_count);
+  file->enums = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*file->enums) * counts.enum_count);
+  file->exts = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*file->exts) * counts.ext_count);
+
+  CHK_OOM(counts.msg_count == 0 || file->msgs);
+  CHK_OOM(counts.enum_count == 0 || file->enums);
+  CHK_OOM(counts.ext_count == 0 || file->exts);
+
+  /* We increment these as defs are added. */
+  file->msg_count = 0;
+  file->enum_count = 0;
+  file->ext_count = 0;
+
+  if (!google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_name(file_proto)) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(ctx->status, "File has no name");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  file->name =
+      strviewdup(ctx, google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_name(file_proto));
+  file->phpprefix = NULL;
+  file->phpnamespace = NULL;
+
+  if (google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_package(file_proto)) {
+    upb_strview package =
+        google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_package(file_proto);
+    CHK(upb_isident(package, true, ctx->status));
+    file->package = strviewdup(ctx, package);
+  } else {
+    file->package = NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_syntax(file_proto)) {
+    upb_strview syntax =
+        google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_syntax(file_proto);
+
+    if (streql_view(syntax, "proto2")) {
+      file->syntax = UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO2;
+    } else if (streql_view(syntax, "proto3")) {
+      file->syntax = UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+    } else {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status, "Invalid syntax '%s'", syntax);
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    file->syntax = UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO2;
+  }
+
+  /* Read options. */
+  file_options_proto = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_options(file_proto);
+  if (file_options_proto) {
+    if (google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_php_class_prefix(file_options_proto)) {
+      file->phpprefix = strviewdup(
+          ctx,
+          google_protobuf_FileOptions_php_class_prefix(file_options_proto));
+    }
+    if (google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_php_namespace(file_options_proto)) {
+      file->phpnamespace = strviewdup(
+          ctx, google_protobuf_FileOptions_php_namespace(file_options_proto));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Verify dependencies. */
+  strs = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_dependency(file_proto, &n);
+  file->deps = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*file->deps) * n) ;
+  CHK_OOM(n == 0 || file->deps);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    upb_strview dep_name = strs[i];
+    upb_value v;
+    if (!upb_strtable_lookup2(&ctx->symtab->files, dep_name.data,
+                              dep_name.size, &v)) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(ctx->status,
+                         "Depends on file '" UPB_STRVIEW_FORMAT
+                         "', but it has not been loaded",
+                         UPB_STRVIEW_ARGS(dep_name));
+      return false;
+    }
+    file->deps[i] = upb_value_getconstptr(v);
+  }
+
+  /* Create messages. */
+  msgs = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_message_type(file_proto, &n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    CHK(create_msgdef(ctx, file->package, msgs[i]));
+  }
+
+  /* Create enums. */
+  enums = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_enum_type(file_proto, &n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    CHK(create_enumdef(ctx, file->package, enums[i]));
+  }
+
+  /* Create extensions. */
+  exts = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_extension(file_proto, &n);
+  file->exts = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*file->exts) * n);
+  CHK_OOM(n == 0 || file->exts);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    CHK(create_fielddef(ctx, file->package, NULL, exts[i]));
+  }
+
+  /* Now that all names are in the table, resolve references. */
+  for (i = 0; i < file->ext_count; i++) {
+    CHK(resolve_fielddef(ctx, file->package, (upb_fielddef*)&file->exts[i]));
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < file->msg_count; i++) {
+    const upb_msgdef *m = &file->msgs[i];
+    int j;
+    for (j = 0; j < m->field_count; j++) {
+      CHK(resolve_fielddef(ctx, m->full_name, (upb_fielddef*)&m->fields[j]));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+ }
+
+static bool upb_symtab_addtotabs(upb_symtab *s, symtab_addctx *ctx,
+                                 upb_status *status) {
+  const upb_filedef *file = ctx->file;
+  upb_alloc *alloc = upb_arena_alloc(s->arena);
+  upb_strtable_iter iter;
+
+  CHK_OOM(upb_strtable_insert3(&s->files, file->name, strlen(file->name),
+                               upb_value_constptr(file), alloc));
+
+  upb_strtable_begin(&iter, ctx->addtab);
+  for (; !upb_strtable_done(&iter); upb_strtable_next(&iter)) {
+    const char *key = upb_strtable_iter_key(&iter);
+    size_t keylen = upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&iter);
+    upb_value value = upb_strtable_iter_value(&iter);
+    CHK_OOM(upb_strtable_insert3(&s->syms, key, keylen, value, alloc));
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* upb_filedef ****************************************************************/
+
+const char *upb_filedef_name(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->name;
+}
+
+const char *upb_filedef_package(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->package;
+}
+
+const char *upb_filedef_phpprefix(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->phpprefix;
+}
+
+const char *upb_filedef_phpnamespace(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->phpnamespace;
+}
+
+upb_syntax_t upb_filedef_syntax(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->syntax;
+}
+
+int upb_filedef_msgcount(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->msg_count;
+}
+
+int upb_filedef_depcount(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->dep_count;
+}
+
+int upb_filedef_enumcount(const upb_filedef *f) {
+  return f->enum_count;
+}
+
+const upb_filedef *upb_filedef_dep(const upb_filedef *f, int i) {
+  return i < 0 || i >= f->dep_count ? NULL : f->deps[i];
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *upb_filedef_msg(const upb_filedef *f, int i) {
+  return i < 0 || i >= f->msg_count ? NULL : &f->msgs[i];
+}
+
+const upb_enumdef *upb_filedef_enum(const upb_filedef *f, int i) {
+  return i < 0 || i >= f->enum_count ? NULL : &f->enums[i];
+}
+
+void upb_symtab_free(upb_symtab *s) {
+  upb_arena_free(s->arena);
+  upb_gfree(s);
+}
+
+upb_symtab *upb_symtab_new(void) {
+  upb_symtab *s = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*s));
+  upb_alloc *alloc;
+
+  if (!s) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  s->arena = upb_arena_new();
+  alloc = upb_arena_alloc(s->arena);
+
+  if (!upb_strtable_init2(&s->syms, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, alloc) ||
+      !upb_strtable_init2(&s->files, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, alloc)) {
+    upb_arena_free(s->arena);
+    upb_gfree(s);
+    s = NULL;
+  }
+  return s;
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *upb_symtab_lookupmsg(const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym) {
+  upb_value v;
+  return upb_strtable_lookup(&s->syms, sym, &v) ?
+      unpack_def(v, UPB_DEFTYPE_MSG) : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *upb_symtab_lookupmsg2(const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym,
+                                        size_t len) {
+  upb_value v;
+  return upb_strtable_lookup2(&s->syms, sym, len, &v) ?
+      unpack_def(v, UPB_DEFTYPE_MSG) : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_enumdef *upb_symtab_lookupenum(const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym) {
+  upb_value v;
+  return upb_strtable_lookup(&s->syms, sym, &v) ?
+      unpack_def(v, UPB_DEFTYPE_ENUM) : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_filedef *upb_symtab_lookupfile(const upb_symtab *s, const char *name) {
+  upb_value v;
+  return upb_strtable_lookup(&s->files, name, &v) ? upb_value_getconstptr(v)
+                                                  : NULL;
+}
+
+const upb_filedef *upb_symtab_addfile(
+    upb_symtab *s, const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *file_proto,
+    upb_status *status) {
+  upb_arena *tmparena = upb_arena_new();
+  upb_strtable addtab;
+  upb_alloc *alloc = upb_arena_alloc(s->arena);
+  upb_filedef *file = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*file));
+  bool ok;
+  symtab_addctx ctx;
+
+  ctx.file = file;
+  ctx.symtab = s;
+  ctx.alloc = alloc;
+  ctx.tmp = upb_arena_alloc(tmparena);
+  ctx.addtab = &addtab;
+  ctx.status = status;
+
+  ok = file &&
+      upb_strtable_init2(&addtab, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, ctx.tmp) &&
+      build_filedef(&ctx, file, file_proto) &&
+      upb_symtab_addtotabs(s, &ctx, status);
+
+  upb_arena_free(tmparena);
+  return ok ? file : NULL;
+}
+
+/* Include here since we want most of this file to be stdio-free. */
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+bool _upb_symtab_loaddefinit(upb_symtab *s, const upb_def_init *init) {
+  /* Since this function should never fail (it would indicate a bug in upb) we
+   * print errors to stderr instead of returning error status to the user. */
+  upb_def_init **deps = init->deps;
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *file;
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  upb_status status;
+
+  upb_status_clear(&status);
+
+  if (upb_strtable_lookup(&s->files, init->filename, NULL)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  arena = upb_arena_new();
+
+  for (; *deps; deps++) {
+    if (!_upb_symtab_loaddefinit(s, *deps)) goto err;
+  }
+
+  file = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_parse(
+      init->descriptor.data, init->descriptor.size, arena);
+
+  if (!file) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(
+        &status,
+        "Failed to parse compiled-in descriptor for file '%s'. This should "
+        "never happen.",
+        init->filename);
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  if (!upb_symtab_addfile(s, file, &status)) goto err;
+
+  upb_arena_free(arena);
+  return true;
+
+err:
+  fprintf(stderr, "Error loading compiled-in descriptor: %s\n",
+          upb_status_errmsg(&status));
+  upb_arena_free(arena);
+  return false;
+}
+
+#undef CHK
+#undef CHK_OOM
+
+
+
+static bool is_power_of_two(size_t val) {
+  return (val & (val - 1)) == 0;
+}
+
+/* Align up to the given power of 2. */
+static size_t align_up(size_t val, size_t align) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(is_power_of_two(align));
+  return (val + align - 1) & ~(align - 1);
+}
+
+static size_t div_round_up(size_t n, size_t d) {
+  return (n + d - 1) / d;
+}
+
+static size_t upb_msgval_sizeof2(upb_fieldtype_t type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      return 8;
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return 4;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      return 1;
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return sizeof(void*);
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      return sizeof(upb_strview);
+  }
+  UPB_UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+static uint8_t upb_msg_fielddefsize(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+    return sizeof(void*);
+  } else {
+    return upb_msgval_sizeof2(upb_fielddef_type(f));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/** upb_msglayout *************************************************************/
+
+static void upb_msglayout_free(upb_msglayout *l) {
+  upb_gfree(l);
+}
+
+static size_t upb_msglayout_place(upb_msglayout *l, size_t size) {
+  size_t ret;
+
+  l->size = align_up(l->size, size);
+  ret = l->size;
+  l->size += size;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static bool upb_msglayout_init(const upb_msgdef *m,
+                               upb_msglayout *l,
+                               upb_msgfactory *factory) {
+  upb_msg_field_iter it;
+  upb_msg_oneof_iter oit;
+  size_t hasbit;
+  size_t submsg_count = 0;
+  const upb_msglayout **submsgs;
+  upb_msglayout_field *fields;
+
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, m);
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      submsg_count++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  memset(l, 0, sizeof(*l));
+
+  fields = upb_gmalloc(upb_msgdef_numfields(m) * sizeof(*fields));
+  submsgs = upb_gmalloc(submsg_count * sizeof(*submsgs));
+
+  if ((!fields && upb_msgdef_numfields(m)) ||
+      (!submsgs && submsg_count)) {
+    /* OOM. */
+    upb_gfree(fields);
+    upb_gfree(submsgs);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  l->field_count = upb_msgdef_numfields(m);
+  l->fields = fields;
+  l->submsgs = submsgs;
+
+  /* Allocate data offsets in three stages:
+   *
+   * 1. hasbits.
+   * 2. regular fields.
+   * 3. oneof fields.
+   *
+   * OPT: There is a lot of room for optimization here to minimize the size.
+   */
+
+  /* Allocate hasbits and set basic field attributes. */
+  submsg_count = 0;
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, m), hasbit = 0;
+       !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    upb_msglayout_field *field = &fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)];
+
+    field->number = upb_fielddef_number(f);
+    field->descriptortype = upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f);
+    field->label = upb_fielddef_label(f);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      const upb_msglayout *sub_layout =
+          upb_msgfactory_getlayout(factory, upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f));
+      field->submsg_index = submsg_count++;
+      submsgs[field->submsg_index] = sub_layout;
+    }
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_haspresence(f) && !upb_fielddef_containingoneof(f)) {
+      field->presence = (hasbit++);
+    } else {
+      field->presence = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Account for space used by hasbits. */
+  l->size = div_round_up(hasbit, 8);
+
+  /* Allocate non-oneof fields. */
+  for (upb_msg_field_begin(&it, m); !upb_msg_field_done(&it);
+       upb_msg_field_next(&it)) {
+    const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msg_iter_field(&it);
+    size_t field_size = upb_msg_fielddefsize(f);
+    size_t index = upb_fielddef_index(f);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_containingoneof(f)) {
+      /* Oneofs are handled separately below. */
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    fields[index].offset = upb_msglayout_place(l, field_size);
+  }
+
+  /* Allocate oneof fields.  Each oneof field consists of a uint32 for the case
+   * and space for the actual data. */
+  for (upb_msg_oneof_begin(&oit, m); !upb_msg_oneof_done(&oit);
+       upb_msg_oneof_next(&oit)) {
+    const upb_oneofdef* o = upb_msg_iter_oneof(&oit);
+    upb_oneof_iter fit;
+
+    size_t case_size = sizeof(uint32_t);  /* Could potentially optimize this. */
+    size_t field_size = 0;
+    uint32_t case_offset;
+    uint32_t data_offset;
+
+    /* Calculate field size: the max of all field sizes. */
+    for (upb_oneof_begin(&fit, o);
+         !upb_oneof_done(&fit);
+         upb_oneof_next(&fit)) {
+      const upb_fielddef* f = upb_oneof_iter_field(&fit);
+      field_size = UPB_MAX(field_size, upb_msg_fielddefsize(f));
+    }
+
+    /* Align and allocate case offset. */
+    case_offset = upb_msglayout_place(l, case_size);
+    data_offset = upb_msglayout_place(l, field_size);
+
+    for (upb_oneof_begin(&fit, o);
+         !upb_oneof_done(&fit);
+         upb_oneof_next(&fit)) {
+      const upb_fielddef* f = upb_oneof_iter_field(&fit);
+      fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].offset = data_offset;
+      fields[upb_fielddef_index(f)].presence = ~case_offset;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Size of the entire structure should be a multiple of its greatest
+   * alignment.  TODO: track overall alignment for real? */
+  l->size = align_up(l->size, 8);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+/** upb_msgfactory ************************************************************/
+
+struct upb_msgfactory {
+  const upb_symtab *symtab;  /* We own a ref. */
+  upb_inttable layouts;
+};
+
+upb_msgfactory *upb_msgfactory_new(const upb_symtab *symtab) {
+  upb_msgfactory *ret = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+
+  ret->symtab = symtab;
+  upb_inttable_init(&ret->layouts, UPB_CTYPE_PTR);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void upb_msgfactory_free(upb_msgfactory *f) {
+  upb_inttable_iter i;
+  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &f->layouts);
+  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+    upb_msglayout *l = upb_value_getptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(&i));
+    upb_msglayout_free(l);
+  }
+
+  upb_inttable_uninit(&f->layouts);
+  upb_gfree(f);
+}
+
+const upb_symtab *upb_msgfactory_symtab(const upb_msgfactory *f) {
+  return f->symtab;
+}
+
+const upb_msglayout *upb_msgfactory_getlayout(upb_msgfactory *f,
+                                              const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  upb_value v;
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_symtab_lookupmsg(f->symtab, upb_msgdef_fullname(m)) == m);
+  UPB_ASSERT(!upb_msgdef_mapentry(m));
+
+  if (upb_inttable_lookupptr(&f->layouts, m, &v)) {
+    UPB_ASSERT(upb_value_getptr(v));
+    return upb_value_getptr(v);
+  } else {
+    /* In case of circular dependency, layout has to be inserted first. */
+    upb_msglayout *l = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*l));
+    upb_msgfactory *mutable_f = (void*)f;
+    upb_inttable_insertptr(&mutable_f->layouts, m, upb_value_ptr(l));
+    UPB_ASSERT(l);
+    if (!upb_msglayout_init(m, l, f)) {
+      upb_msglayout_free(l);
+    }
+    return l;
+  }
+}
+/*
+** TODO(haberman): it's unclear whether a lot of the consistency checks should
+** UPB_ASSERT() or return false.
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+
+struct upb_handlers {
+  upb_handlercache *cache;
+  const upb_msgdef *msg;
+  const upb_handlers **sub;
+  const void *top_closure_type;
+  upb_handlers_tabent table[1];  /* Dynamically-sized field handler array. */
+};
+
+static void *upb_calloc(upb_arena *arena, size_t size) {
+  void *mem = upb_malloc(upb_arena_alloc(arena), size);
+  if (mem) {
+    memset(mem, 0, size);
+  }
+  return mem;
+}
+
+/* Defined for the sole purpose of having a unique pointer value for
+ * UPB_NO_CLOSURE. */
+char _upb_noclosure;
+
+/* Given a selector for a STARTSUBMSG handler, resolves to a pointer to the
+ * subhandlers for this submessage field. */
+#define SUBH(h, selector) (h->sub[selector])
+
+/* The selector for a submessage field is the field index. */
+#define SUBH_F(h, f) SUBH(h, upb_fielddef_index(f))
+
+static int32_t trygetsel(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                         upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+  bool ok;
+
+  ok = upb_handlers_getselector(f, type, &sel);
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_handlers_msgdef(h) == upb_fielddef_containingtype(f));
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+
+  return sel;
+}
+
+static upb_selector_t handlers_getsel(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                             upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  int32_t sel = trygetsel(h, f, type);
+  UPB_ASSERT(sel >= 0);
+  return sel;
+}
+
+static const void **returntype(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                               upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  return &h->table[handlers_getsel(h, f, type)].attr.return_closure_type;
+}
+
+static bool doset(upb_handlers *h, int32_t sel, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                  upb_handlertype_t type, upb_func *func,
+                  const upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  upb_handlerattr set_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  const void *closure_type;
+  const void **context_closure_type;
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(!h->table[sel].func);
+
+  if (attr) {
+    set_attr = *attr;
+  }
+
+  /* Check that the given closure type matches the closure type that has been
+   * established for this context (if any). */
+  closure_type = set_attr.closure_type;
+
+  if (type == UPB_HANDLER_STRING) {
+    context_closure_type = returntype(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
+  } else if (f && upb_fielddef_isseq(f) &&
+             type != UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ &&
+             type != UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ) {
+    context_closure_type = returntype(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ);
+  } else {
+    context_closure_type = &h->top_closure_type;
+  }
+
+  if (closure_type && *context_closure_type &&
+      closure_type != *context_closure_type) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (closure_type)
+    *context_closure_type = closure_type;
+
+  /* If this is a STARTSEQ or STARTSTR handler, check that the returned pointer
+   * matches any pre-existing expectations about what type is expected. */
+  if (type == UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ || type == UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR) {
+    const void *return_type = set_attr.return_closure_type;
+    const void *table_return_type = h->table[sel].attr.return_closure_type;
+    if (return_type && table_return_type && return_type != table_return_type) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (table_return_type && !return_type) {
+      set_attr.return_closure_type = table_return_type;
+    }
+  }
+
+  h->table[sel].func = (upb_func*)func;
+  h->table[sel].attr = set_attr;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Returns the effective closure type for this handler (which will propagate
+ * from outer frames if this frame has no START* handler).  Not implemented for
+ * UPB_HANDLER_STRING at the moment since this is not needed.  Returns NULL is
+ * the effective closure type is unspecified (either no handler was registered
+ * to specify it or the handler that was registered did not specify the closure
+ * type). */
+const void *effective_closure_type(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                   upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  const void *ret;
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(type != UPB_HANDLER_STRING);
+  ret = h->top_closure_type;
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f) &&
+      type != UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ &&
+      type != UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ &&
+      h->table[sel = handlers_getsel(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ)].func) {
+    ret = h->table[sel].attr.return_closure_type;
+  }
+
+  if (type == UPB_HANDLER_STRING &&
+      h->table[sel = handlers_getsel(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR)].func) {
+    ret = h->table[sel].attr.return_closure_type;
+  }
+
+  /* The effective type of the submessage; not used yet.
+   * if (type == SUBMESSAGE &&
+   *     h->table[sel = handlers_getsel(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG)].func) {
+   *   ret = h->table[sel].attr.return_closure_type;
+   * } */
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Checks whether the START* handler specified by f & type is missing even
+ * though it is required to convert the established type of an outer frame
+ * ("closure_type") into the established type of an inner frame (represented in
+ * the return closure type of this handler's attr. */
+bool checkstart(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type,
+                upb_status *status) {
+  const void *closure_type;
+  const upb_handlerattr *attr;
+  const void *return_closure_type;
+
+  upb_selector_t sel = handlers_getsel(h, f, type);
+  if (h->table[sel].func) return true;
+  closure_type = effective_closure_type(h, f, type);
+  attr = &h->table[sel].attr;
+  return_closure_type = attr->return_closure_type;
+  if (closure_type && return_closure_type &&
+      closure_type != return_closure_type) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static upb_handlers *upb_handlers_new(const upb_msgdef *md,
+                                      upb_handlercache *cache,
+                                      upb_arena *arena) {
+  int extra;
+  upb_handlers *h;
+
+  extra = sizeof(upb_handlers_tabent) * (upb_msgdef_selectorcount(md) - 1);
+  h = upb_calloc(arena, sizeof(*h) + extra);
+  if (!h) return NULL;
+
+  h->cache = cache;
+  h->msg = md;
+
+  if (upb_msgdef_submsgfieldcount(md) > 0) {
+    size_t bytes = upb_msgdef_submsgfieldcount(md) * sizeof(*h->sub);
+    h->sub = upb_calloc(arena, bytes);
+    if (!h->sub) return NULL;
+  } else {
+    h->sub = 0;
+  }
+
+  /* calloc() above initialized all handlers to NULL. */
+  return h;
+}
+
+/* Public interface ***********************************************************/
+
+#define SETTER(name, handlerctype, handlertype)                       \
+  bool upb_handlers_set##name(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f, \
+                              handlerctype func,                      \
+                              const upb_handlerattr *attr) {          \
+    int32_t sel = trygetsel(h, f, handlertype);                       \
+    return doset(h, sel, f, handlertype, (upb_func *)func, attr);     \
+  }
+
+SETTER(int32,       upb_int32_handlerfunc*,       UPB_HANDLER_INT32)
+SETTER(int64,       upb_int64_handlerfunc*,       UPB_HANDLER_INT64)
+SETTER(uint32,      upb_uint32_handlerfunc*,      UPB_HANDLER_UINT32)
+SETTER(uint64,      upb_uint64_handlerfunc*,      UPB_HANDLER_UINT64)
+SETTER(float,       upb_float_handlerfunc*,       UPB_HANDLER_FLOAT)
+SETTER(double,      upb_double_handlerfunc*,      UPB_HANDLER_DOUBLE)
+SETTER(bool,        upb_bool_handlerfunc*,        UPB_HANDLER_BOOL)
+SETTER(startstr,    upb_startstr_handlerfunc*,    UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR)
+SETTER(string,      upb_string_handlerfunc*,      UPB_HANDLER_STRING)
+SETTER(endstr,      upb_endfield_handlerfunc*,    UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR)
+SETTER(startseq,    upb_startfield_handlerfunc*,  UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ)
+SETTER(startsubmsg, upb_startfield_handlerfunc*,  UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG)
+SETTER(endsubmsg,   upb_endfield_handlerfunc*,    UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG)
+SETTER(endseq,      upb_endfield_handlerfunc*,    UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ)
+
+#undef SETTER
+
+bool upb_handlers_setunknown(upb_handlers *h, upb_unknown_handlerfunc *func,
+                             const upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  return doset(h, UPB_UNKNOWN_SELECTOR, NULL, UPB_HANDLER_INT32,
+               (upb_func *)func, attr);
+}
+
+bool upb_handlers_setstartmsg(upb_handlers *h, upb_startmsg_handlerfunc *func,
+                              const upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  return doset(h, UPB_STARTMSG_SELECTOR, NULL, UPB_HANDLER_INT32,
+               (upb_func *)func, attr);
+}
+
+bool upb_handlers_setendmsg(upb_handlers *h, upb_endmsg_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  return doset(h, UPB_ENDMSG_SELECTOR, NULL, UPB_HANDLER_INT32,
+               (upb_func *)func, attr);
+}
+
+bool upb_handlers_setsubhandlers(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                 const upb_handlers *sub) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(sub);
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f));
+  if (SUBH_F(h, f)) return false;  /* Can't reset. */
+  if (upb_handlers_msgdef(sub) != upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  SUBH_F(h, f) = sub;
+  return true;
+}
+
+const upb_handlers *upb_handlers_getsubhandlers(const upb_handlers *h,
+                                                const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f));
+  return SUBH_F(h, f);
+}
+
+upb_func *upb_handlers_gethandler(const upb_handlers *h, upb_selector_t s,
+                                  const void **handler_data) {
+  upb_func *ret = (upb_func *)h->table[s].func;
+  if (ret && handler_data) {
+    *handler_data = h->table[s].attr.handler_data;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+bool upb_handlers_getattr(const upb_handlers *h, upb_selector_t sel,
+                          upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  if (!upb_handlers_gethandler(h, sel, NULL))
+    return false;
+  *attr = h->table[sel].attr;
+  return true;
+}
+
+const upb_handlers *upb_handlers_getsubhandlers_sel(const upb_handlers *h,
+                                                    upb_selector_t sel) {
+  /* STARTSUBMSG selector in sel is the field's selector base. */
+  return SUBH(h, sel - UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT);
+}
+
+const upb_msgdef *upb_handlers_msgdef(const upb_handlers *h) { return h->msg; }
+
+bool upb_handlers_addcleanup(upb_handlers *h, void *p, upb_handlerfree *func) {
+  return upb_handlercache_addcleanup(h->cache, p, func);
+}
+
+upb_handlertype_t upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: return UPB_HANDLER_INT32;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64: return UPB_HANDLER_INT64;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32: return UPB_HANDLER_UINT32;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64: return UPB_HANDLER_UINT64;
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT: return UPB_HANDLER_FLOAT;
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE: return UPB_HANDLER_DOUBLE;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL: return UPB_HANDLER_BOOL;
+    default: UPB_ASSERT(false); return -1;  /* Invalid input. */
+  }
+}
+
+bool upb_handlers_getselector(const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type,
+                              upb_selector_t *s) {
+  uint32_t selector_base = upb_fielddef_selectorbase(f);
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_HANDLER_INT32:
+    case UPB_HANDLER_INT64:
+    case UPB_HANDLER_UINT32:
+    case UPB_HANDLER_UINT64:
+    case UPB_HANDLER_FLOAT:
+    case UPB_HANDLER_DOUBLE:
+    case UPB_HANDLER_BOOL:
+      if (!upb_fielddef_isprimitive(f) ||
+          upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(f) != type)
+        return false;
+      *s = selector_base;
+      break;
+    case UPB_HANDLER_STRING:
+      if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f)) {
+        *s = selector_base;
+      } else if (upb_fielddef_lazy(f)) {
+        *s = selector_base + 3;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR:
+      if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f) || upb_fielddef_lazy(f)) {
+        *s = selector_base + 1;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR:
+      if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f) || upb_fielddef_lazy(f)) {
+        *s = selector_base + 2;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ:
+      if (!upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) return false;
+      *s = selector_base - 2;
+      break;
+    case UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ:
+      if (!upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) return false;
+      *s = selector_base - 1;
+      break;
+    case UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG:
+      if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) return false;
+      /* Selectors for STARTSUBMSG are at the beginning of the table so that the
+       * selector can also be used as an index into the "sub" array of
+       * subhandlers.  The indexes for the two into these two tables are the
+       * same, except that in the handler table the static selectors come first. */
+      *s = upb_fielddef_index(f) + UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT;
+      break;
+    case UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG:
+      if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) return false;
+      *s = selector_base;
+      break;
+  }
+  UPB_ASSERT((size_t)*s < upb_msgdef_selectorcount(upb_fielddef_containingtype(f)));
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* upb_handlercache ***********************************************************/
+
+struct upb_handlercache {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  upb_inttable tab;  /* maps upb_msgdef* -> upb_handlers*. */
+  upb_handlers_callback *callback;
+  const void *closure;
+};
+
+const upb_handlers *upb_handlercache_get(upb_handlercache *c,
+                                         const upb_msgdef *md) {
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  upb_value v;
+  upb_handlers *h;
+
+  if (upb_inttable_lookupptr(&c->tab, md, &v)) {
+    return upb_value_getptr(v);
+  }
+
+  h = upb_handlers_new(md, c, c->arena);
+  v = upb_value_ptr(h);
+
+  if (!h) return NULL;
+  if (!upb_inttable_insertptr(&c->tab, md, v)) return NULL;
+
+  c->callback(c->closure, h);
+
+  /* For each submessage field, get or create a handlers object and set it as
+   * the subhandlers. */
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      const upb_msgdef *subdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f);
+      const upb_handlers *sub_mh = upb_handlercache_get(c, subdef);
+
+      if (!sub_mh) return NULL;
+
+      upb_handlers_setsubhandlers(h, f, sub_mh);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return h;
+}
+
+
+upb_handlercache *upb_handlercache_new(upb_handlers_callback *callback,
+                                       const void *closure) {
+  upb_handlercache *cache = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*cache));
+
+  if (!cache) return NULL;
+
+  cache->arena = upb_arena_new();
+
+  cache->callback = callback;
+  cache->closure = closure;
+
+  if (!upb_inttable_init(&cache->tab, UPB_CTYPE_PTR)) goto oom;
+
+  return cache;
+
+oom:
+  upb_gfree(cache);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+void upb_handlercache_free(upb_handlercache *cache) {
+  upb_inttable_uninit(&cache->tab);
+  upb_arena_free(cache->arena);
+  upb_gfree(cache);
+}
+
+bool upb_handlercache_addcleanup(upb_handlercache *c, void *p,
+                                 upb_handlerfree *func) {
+  return upb_arena_addcleanup(c->arena, p, func);
+}
+
+/* upb_byteshandler ***********************************************************/
+
+bool upb_byteshandler_setstartstr(upb_byteshandler *h,
+                                  upb_startstr_handlerfunc *func, void *d) {
+  h->table[UPB_STARTSTR_SELECTOR].func = (upb_func*)func;
+  h->table[UPB_STARTSTR_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data = d;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_byteshandler_setstring(upb_byteshandler *h,
+                                upb_string_handlerfunc *func, void *d) {
+  h->table[UPB_STRING_SELECTOR].func = (upb_func*)func;
+  h->table[UPB_STRING_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data = d;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool upb_byteshandler_setendstr(upb_byteshandler *h,
+                                upb_endfield_handlerfunc *func, void *d) {
+  h->table[UPB_ENDSTR_SELECTOR].func = (upb_func*)func;
+  h->table[UPB_ENDSTR_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data = d;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/** Handlers for upb_msg ******************************************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+  size_t offset;
+  int32_t hasbit;
+} upb_msg_handlerdata;
+
+/* Fallback implementation if the handler is not specialized by the producer. */
+#define MSG_WRITER(type, ctype)                                               \
+  bool upb_msg_set ## type (void *c, const void *hd, ctype val) {             \
+    uint8_t *m = c;                                                           \
+    const upb_msg_handlerdata *d = hd;                                        \
+    if (d->hasbit > 0)                                                        \
+      *(uint8_t*)&m[d->hasbit / 8] |= 1 << (d->hasbit % 8);                   \
+    *(ctype*)&m[d->offset] = val;                                             \
+    return true;                                                              \
+  }                                                                           \
+
+MSG_WRITER(double, double)
+MSG_WRITER(float,  float)
+MSG_WRITER(int32,  int32_t)
+MSG_WRITER(int64,  int64_t)
+MSG_WRITER(uint32, uint32_t)
+MSG_WRITER(uint64, uint64_t)
+MSG_WRITER(bool,   bool)
+
+bool upb_msg_setscalarhandler(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                              size_t offset, int32_t hasbit) {
+  upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  bool ok;
+
+  upb_msg_handlerdata *d = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*d));
+  if (!d) return false;
+  d->offset = offset;
+  d->hasbit = hasbit;
+
+  attr.handler_data = d;
+  attr.alwaysok = true;
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, d, upb_gfree);
+
+#define TYPE(u, l) \
+  case UPB_TYPE_##u: \
+    ok = upb_handlers_set##l(h, f, upb_msg_set##l, &attr); break;
+
+  ok = false;
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+    TYPE(INT64,  int64);
+    TYPE(INT32,  int32);
+    TYPE(ENUM,   int32);
+    TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+    TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+    TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+    TYPE(FLOAT,  float);
+    TYPE(BOOL,   bool);
+    default: UPB_ASSERT(false); break;
+  }
+#undef TYPE
+
+  return ok;
+}
+
+bool upb_msg_getscalarhandlerdata(const upb_handlers *h,
+                                  upb_selector_t s,
+                                  upb_fieldtype_t *type,
+                                  size_t *offset,
+                                  int32_t *hasbit) {
+  const upb_msg_handlerdata *d;
+  const void *p;
+  upb_func *f = upb_handlers_gethandler(h, s, &p);
+
+  if ((upb_int64_handlerfunc*)f == upb_msg_setint64) {
+    *type = UPB_TYPE_INT64;
+  } else if ((upb_int32_handlerfunc*)f == upb_msg_setint32) {
+    *type = UPB_TYPE_INT32;
+  } else if ((upb_uint64_handlerfunc*)f == upb_msg_setuint64) {
+    *type = UPB_TYPE_UINT64;
+  } else if ((upb_uint32_handlerfunc*)f == upb_msg_setuint32) {
+    *type = UPB_TYPE_UINT32;
+  } else if ((upb_double_handlerfunc*)f == upb_msg_setdouble) {
+    *type = UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE;
+  } else if ((upb_float_handlerfunc*)f == upb_msg_setfloat) {
+    *type = UPB_TYPE_FLOAT;
+  } else if ((upb_bool_handlerfunc*)f == upb_msg_setbool) {
+    *type = UPB_TYPE_BOOL;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  d = p;
+  *offset = d->offset;
+  *hasbit = d->hasbit;
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+bool upb_bufsrc_putbuf(const char *buf, size_t len, upb_bytessink sink) {
+  void *subc;
+  bool ret;
+  upb_bufhandle handle = UPB_BUFHANDLE_INIT;
+  handle.buf = buf;
+  ret = upb_bytessink_start(sink, len, &subc);
+  if (ret && len != 0) {
+    ret = (upb_bytessink_putbuf(sink, subc, buf, len, &handle) >= len);
+  }
+  if (ret) {
+    ret = upb_bytessink_end(sink);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+/*
+** protobuf decoder bytecode compiler
+**
+** Code to compile a upb::Handlers into bytecode for decoding a protobuf
+** according to that specific schema and destination handlers.
+**
+** Bytecode definition is in decoder.int.h.
+*/
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE
+#include <stdio.h>
+#endif
+
+
+#define MAXLABEL 5
+#define EMPTYLABEL -1
+
+/* upb_pbdecodermethod ********************************************************/
+
+static void freemethod(upb_pbdecodermethod *method) {
+  upb_inttable_uninit(&method->dispatch);
+  upb_gfree(method);
+}
+
+static upb_pbdecodermethod *newmethod(const upb_handlers *dest_handlers,
+                                      mgroup *group) {
+  upb_pbdecodermethod *ret = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+  upb_byteshandler_init(&ret->input_handler_);
+
+  ret->group = group;
+  ret->dest_handlers_ = dest_handlers;
+  upb_inttable_init(&ret->dispatch, UPB_CTYPE_UINT64);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+const upb_handlers *upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(
+    const upb_pbdecodermethod *m) {
+  return m->dest_handlers_;
+}
+
+const upb_byteshandler *upb_pbdecodermethod_inputhandler(
+    const upb_pbdecodermethod *m) {
+  return &m->input_handler_;
+}
+
+bool upb_pbdecodermethod_isnative(const upb_pbdecodermethod *m) {
+  return m->is_native_;
+}
+
+
+/* mgroup *********************************************************************/
+
+static void freegroup(mgroup *g) {
+  upb_inttable_iter i;
+
+  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &g->methods);
+  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+    freemethod(upb_value_getptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(&i)));
+  }
+
+  upb_inttable_uninit(&g->methods);
+  upb_gfree(g->bytecode);
+  upb_gfree(g);
+}
+
+mgroup *newgroup(void) {
+  mgroup *g = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*g));
+  upb_inttable_init(&g->methods, UPB_CTYPE_PTR);
+  g->bytecode = NULL;
+  g->bytecode_end = NULL;
+  return g;
+}
+
+
+/* bytecode compiler **********************************************************/
+
+/* Data used only at compilation time. */
+typedef struct {
+  mgroup *group;
+
+  uint32_t *pc;
+  int fwd_labels[MAXLABEL];
+  int back_labels[MAXLABEL];
+
+  /* For fields marked "lazy", parse them lazily or eagerly? */
+  bool lazy;
+} compiler;
+
+static compiler *newcompiler(mgroup *group, bool lazy) {
+  compiler *ret = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+  int i;
+
+  ret->group = group;
+  ret->lazy = lazy;
+  for (i = 0; i < MAXLABEL; i++) {
+    ret->fwd_labels[i] = EMPTYLABEL;
+    ret->back_labels[i] = EMPTYLABEL;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static void freecompiler(compiler *c) {
+  upb_gfree(c);
+}
+
+const size_t ptr_words = sizeof(void*) / sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+/* How many words an instruction is. */
+static int instruction_len(uint32_t instr) {
+  switch (getop(instr)) {
+    case OP_SETDISPATCH: return 1 + ptr_words;
+    case OP_TAGN: return 3;
+    case OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM: return 2;
+    default: return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+bool op_has_longofs(int32_t instruction) {
+  switch (getop(instruction)) {
+    case OP_CALL:
+    case OP_BRANCH:
+    case OP_CHECKDELIM:
+      return true;
+    /* The "tag" instructions only have 8 bytes available for the jump target,
+     * but that is ok because these opcodes only require short jumps. */
+    case OP_TAG1:
+    case OP_TAG2:
+    case OP_TAGN:
+      return false;
+    default:
+      UPB_ASSERT(false);
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static int32_t getofs(uint32_t instruction) {
+  if (op_has_longofs(instruction)) {
+    return (int32_t)instruction >> 8;
+  } else {
+    return (int8_t)(instruction >> 8);
+  }
+}
+
+static void setofs(uint32_t *instruction, int32_t ofs) {
+  if (op_has_longofs(*instruction)) {
+    *instruction = getop(*instruction) | (uint32_t)ofs << 8;
+  } else {
+    *instruction = (*instruction & ~0xff00) | ((ofs & 0xff) << 8);
+  }
+  UPB_ASSERT(getofs(*instruction) == ofs);  /* Would fail in cases of overflow. */
+}
+
+static uint32_t pcofs(compiler *c) { return c->pc - c->group->bytecode; }
+
+/* Defines a local label at the current PC location.  All previous forward
+ * references are updated to point to this location.  The location is noted
+ * for any future backward references. */
+static void label(compiler *c, unsigned int label) {
+  int val;
+  uint32_t *codep;
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(label < MAXLABEL);
+  val = c->fwd_labels[label];
+  codep = (val == EMPTYLABEL) ? NULL : c->group->bytecode + val;
+  while (codep) {
+    int ofs = getofs(*codep);
+    setofs(codep, c->pc - codep - instruction_len(*codep));
+    codep = ofs ? codep + ofs : NULL;
+  }
+  c->fwd_labels[label] = EMPTYLABEL;
+  c->back_labels[label] = pcofs(c);
+}
+
+/* Creates a reference to a numbered label; either a forward reference
+ * (positive arg) or backward reference (negative arg).  For forward references
+ * the value returned now is actually a "next" pointer into a linked list of all
+ * instructions that use this label and will be patched later when the label is
+ * defined with label().
+ *
+ * The returned value is the offset that should be written into the instruction.
+ */
+static int32_t labelref(compiler *c, int label) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(label < MAXLABEL);
+  if (label == LABEL_DISPATCH) {
+    /* No resolving required. */
+    return 0;
+  } else if (label < 0) {
+    /* Backward local label.  Relative to the next instruction. */
+    uint32_t from = (c->pc + 1) - c->group->bytecode;
+    return c->back_labels[-label] - from;
+  } else {
+    /* Forward local label: prepend to (possibly-empty) linked list. */
+    int *lptr = &c->fwd_labels[label];
+    int32_t ret = (*lptr == EMPTYLABEL) ? 0 : *lptr - pcofs(c);
+    *lptr = pcofs(c);
+    return ret;
+  }
+}
+
+static void put32(compiler *c, uint32_t v) {
+  mgroup *g = c->group;
+  if (c->pc == g->bytecode_end) {
+    int ofs = pcofs(c);
+    size_t oldsize = g->bytecode_end - g->bytecode;
+    size_t newsize = UPB_MAX(oldsize * 2, 64);
+    /* TODO(haberman): handle OOM. */
+    g->bytecode = upb_grealloc(g->bytecode, oldsize * sizeof(uint32_t),
+                                            newsize * sizeof(uint32_t));
+    g->bytecode_end = g->bytecode + newsize;
+    c->pc = g->bytecode + ofs;
+  }
+  *c->pc++ = v;
+}
+
+static void putop(compiler *c, int op, ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, op);
+
+  switch (op) {
+    case OP_SETDISPATCH: {
+      uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)va_arg(ap, void*);
+      put32(c, OP_SETDISPATCH);
+      put32(c, ptr);
+      if (sizeof(uintptr_t) > sizeof(uint32_t))
+        put32(c, (uint64_t)ptr >> 32);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_STARTMSG:
+    case OP_ENDMSG:
+    case OP_PUSHLENDELIM:
+    case OP_POP:
+    case OP_SETDELIM:
+    case OP_HALT:
+    case OP_RET:
+    case OP_DISPATCH:
+      put32(c, op);
+      break;
+    case OP_PARSE_DOUBLE:
+    case OP_PARSE_FLOAT:
+    case OP_PARSE_INT64:
+    case OP_PARSE_UINT64:
+    case OP_PARSE_INT32:
+    case OP_PARSE_FIXED64:
+    case OP_PARSE_FIXED32:
+    case OP_PARSE_BOOL:
+    case OP_PARSE_UINT32:
+    case OP_PARSE_SFIXED32:
+    case OP_PARSE_SFIXED64:
+    case OP_PARSE_SINT32:
+    case OP_PARSE_SINT64:
+    case OP_STARTSEQ:
+    case OP_ENDSEQ:
+    case OP_STARTSUBMSG:
+    case OP_ENDSUBMSG:
+    case OP_STARTSTR:
+    case OP_STRING:
+    case OP_ENDSTR:
+    case OP_PUSHTAGDELIM:
+      put32(c, op | va_arg(ap, upb_selector_t) << 8);
+      break;
+    case OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM:
+      put32(c, op);
+      put32(c, va_arg(ap, int));
+      break;
+    case OP_CALL: {
+      const upb_pbdecodermethod *method = va_arg(ap, upb_pbdecodermethod *);
+      put32(c, op | (method->code_base.ofs - (pcofs(c) + 1)) << 8);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_CHECKDELIM:
+    case OP_BRANCH: {
+      uint32_t instruction = op;
+      int label = va_arg(ap, int);
+      setofs(&instruction, labelref(c, label));
+      put32(c, instruction);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_TAG1:
+    case OP_TAG2: {
+      int label = va_arg(ap, int);
+      uint64_t tag = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);
+      uint32_t instruction = op | (tag << 16);
+      UPB_ASSERT(tag <= 0xffff);
+      setofs(&instruction, labelref(c, label));
+      put32(c, instruction);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_TAGN: {
+      int label = va_arg(ap, int);
+      uint64_t tag = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);
+      uint32_t instruction = op | (upb_value_size(tag) << 16);
+      setofs(&instruction, labelref(c, label));
+      put32(c, instruction);
+      put32(c, tag);
+      put32(c, tag >> 32);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+
+#if defined(UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE)
+
+const char *upb_pbdecoder_getopname(unsigned int op) {
+#define QUOTE(x) #x
+#define EXPAND_AND_QUOTE(x) QUOTE(x)
+#define OPNAME(x) OP_##x
+#define OP(x) case OPNAME(x): return EXPAND_AND_QUOTE(OPNAME(x));
+#define T(x) OP(PARSE_##x)
+  /* Keep in sync with list in decoder.int.h. */
+  switch ((opcode)op) {
+    T(DOUBLE) T(FLOAT) T(INT64) T(UINT64) T(INT32) T(FIXED64) T(FIXED32)
+    T(BOOL) T(UINT32) T(SFIXED32) T(SFIXED64) T(SINT32) T(SINT64)
+    OP(STARTMSG) OP(ENDMSG) OP(STARTSEQ) OP(ENDSEQ) OP(STARTSUBMSG)
+    OP(ENDSUBMSG) OP(STARTSTR) OP(STRING) OP(ENDSTR) OP(CALL) OP(RET)
+    OP(PUSHLENDELIM) OP(PUSHTAGDELIM) OP(SETDELIM) OP(CHECKDELIM)
+    OP(BRANCH) OP(TAG1) OP(TAG2) OP(TAGN) OP(SETDISPATCH) OP(POP)
+    OP(SETBIGGROUPNUM) OP(DISPATCH) OP(HALT)
+  }
+  return "<unknown op>";
+#undef OP
+#undef T
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE
+
+static void dumpbc(uint32_t *p, uint32_t *end, FILE *f) {
+
+  uint32_t *begin = p;
+
+  while (p < end) {
+    fprintf(f, "%p  %8tx", p, p - begin);
+    uint32_t instr = *p++;
+    uint8_t op = getop(instr);
+    fprintf(f, " %s", upb_pbdecoder_getopname(op));
+    switch ((opcode)op) {
+      case OP_SETDISPATCH: {
+        const upb_inttable *dispatch;
+        memcpy(&dispatch, p, sizeof(void*));
+        p += ptr_words;
+        const upb_pbdecodermethod *method =
+            (void *)((char *)dispatch -
+                     offsetof(upb_pbdecodermethod, dispatch));
+        fprintf(f, " %s", upb_msgdef_fullname(
+                              upb_handlers_msgdef(method->dest_handlers_)));
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_DISPATCH:
+      case OP_STARTMSG:
+      case OP_ENDMSG:
+      case OP_PUSHLENDELIM:
+      case OP_POP:
+      case OP_SETDELIM:
+      case OP_HALT:
+      case OP_RET:
+        break;
+      case OP_PARSE_DOUBLE:
+      case OP_PARSE_FLOAT:
+      case OP_PARSE_INT64:
+      case OP_PARSE_UINT64:
+      case OP_PARSE_INT32:
+      case OP_PARSE_FIXED64:
+      case OP_PARSE_FIXED32:
+      case OP_PARSE_BOOL:
+      case OP_PARSE_UINT32:
+      case OP_PARSE_SFIXED32:
+      case OP_PARSE_SFIXED64:
+      case OP_PARSE_SINT32:
+      case OP_PARSE_SINT64:
+      case OP_STARTSEQ:
+      case OP_ENDSEQ:
+      case OP_STARTSUBMSG:
+      case OP_ENDSUBMSG:
+      case OP_STARTSTR:
+      case OP_STRING:
+      case OP_ENDSTR:
+      case OP_PUSHTAGDELIM:
+        fprintf(f, " %d", instr >> 8);
+        break;
+      case OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM:
+        fprintf(f, " %d", *p++);
+        break;
+      case OP_CHECKDELIM:
+      case OP_CALL:
+      case OP_BRANCH:
+        fprintf(f, " =>0x%tx", p + getofs(instr) - begin);
+        break;
+      case OP_TAG1:
+      case OP_TAG2: {
+        fprintf(f, " tag:0x%x", instr >> 16);
+        if (getofs(instr)) {
+          fprintf(f, " =>0x%tx", p + getofs(instr) - begin);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_TAGN: {
+        uint64_t tag = *p++;
+        tag |= (uint64_t)*p++ << 32;
+        fprintf(f, " tag:0x%llx", (long long)tag);
+        fprintf(f, " n:%d", instr >> 16);
+        if (getofs(instr)) {
+          fprintf(f, " =>0x%tx", p + getofs(instr) - begin);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    fputs("\n", f);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif
+
+static uint64_t get_encoded_tag(const upb_fielddef *f, int wire_type) {
+  uint32_t tag = (upb_fielddef_number(f) << 3) | wire_type;
+  uint64_t encoded_tag = upb_vencode32(tag);
+  /* No tag should be greater than 5 bytes. */
+  UPB_ASSERT(encoded_tag <= 0xffffffffff);
+  return encoded_tag;
+}
+
+static void putchecktag(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                        int wire_type, int dest) {
+  uint64_t tag = get_encoded_tag(f, wire_type);
+  switch (upb_value_size(tag)) {
+    case 1:
+      putop(c, OP_TAG1, dest, tag);
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      putop(c, OP_TAG2, dest, tag);
+      break;
+    default:
+      putop(c, OP_TAGN, dest, tag);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+static upb_selector_t getsel(const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  upb_selector_t selector;
+  bool ok = upb_handlers_getselector(f, type, &selector);
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  return selector;
+}
+
+/* Takes an existing, primary dispatch table entry and repacks it with a
+ * different alternate wire type.  Called when we are inserting a secondary
+ * dispatch table entry for an alternate wire type. */
+static uint64_t repack(uint64_t dispatch, int new_wt2) {
+  uint64_t ofs;
+  uint8_t wt1;
+  uint8_t old_wt2;
+  upb_pbdecoder_unpackdispatch(dispatch, &ofs, &wt1, &old_wt2);
+  UPB_ASSERT(old_wt2 == NO_WIRE_TYPE);  /* wt2 should not be set yet. */
+  return upb_pbdecoder_packdispatch(ofs, wt1, new_wt2);
+}
+
+/* Marks the current bytecode position as the dispatch target for this message,
+ * field, and wire type. */
+static void dispatchtarget(compiler *c, upb_pbdecodermethod *method,
+                           const upb_fielddef *f, int wire_type) {
+  /* Offset is relative to msg base. */
+  uint64_t ofs = pcofs(c) - method->code_base.ofs;
+  uint32_t fn = upb_fielddef_number(f);
+  upb_inttable *d = &method->dispatch;
+  upb_value v;
+  if (upb_inttable_remove(d, fn, &v)) {
+    /* TODO: prioritize based on packed setting in .proto file. */
+    uint64_t repacked = repack(upb_value_getuint64(v), wire_type);
+    upb_inttable_insert(d, fn, upb_value_uint64(repacked));
+    upb_inttable_insert(d, fn + UPB_MAX_FIELDNUMBER, upb_value_uint64(ofs));
+  } else {
+    uint64_t val = upb_pbdecoder_packdispatch(ofs, wire_type, NO_WIRE_TYPE);
+    upb_inttable_insert(d, fn, upb_value_uint64(val));
+  }
+}
+
+static void putpush(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  if (upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f) == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    putop(c, OP_PUSHLENDELIM);
+  } else {
+    uint32_t fn = upb_fielddef_number(f);
+    if (fn >= 1 << 24) {
+      putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, 0);
+      putop(c, OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM, fn);
+    } else {
+      putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, fn);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static upb_pbdecodermethod *find_submethod(const compiler *c,
+                                           const upb_pbdecodermethod *method,
+                                           const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  const upb_handlers *sub =
+      upb_handlers_getsubhandlers(method->dest_handlers_, f);
+  upb_value v;
+  return upb_inttable_lookupptr(&c->group->methods, sub, &v)
+             ? upb_value_getptr(v)
+             : NULL;
+}
+
+static void putsel(compiler *c, opcode op, upb_selector_t sel,
+                   const upb_handlers *h) {
+  if (upb_handlers_gethandler(h, sel, NULL)) {
+    putop(c, op, sel);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Puts an opcode to call a callback, but only if a callback actually exists for
+ * this field and handler type. */
+static void maybeput(compiler *c, opcode op, const upb_handlers *h,
+                     const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  putsel(c, op, getsel(f, type), h);
+}
+
+static bool haslazyhandlers(const upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f) {
+  if (!upb_fielddef_lazy(f))
+    return false;
+
+  return upb_handlers_gethandler(h, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR), NULL) ||
+         upb_handlers_gethandler(h, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STRING), NULL) ||
+         upb_handlers_gethandler(h, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR), NULL);
+}
+
+
+/* bytecode compiler code generation ******************************************/
+
+/* Symbolic names for our local labels. */
+#define LABEL_LOOPSTART 1  /* Top of a repeated field loop. */
+#define LABEL_LOOPBREAK 2  /* To jump out of a repeated loop */
+#define LABEL_FIELD     3  /* Jump backward to find the most recent field. */
+#define LABEL_ENDMSG    4  /* To reach the OP_ENDMSG instr for this msg. */
+
+/* Generates bytecode to parse a single non-lazy message field. */
+static void generate_msgfield(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                              upb_pbdecodermethod *method) {
+  const upb_handlers *h = upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(method);
+  const upb_pbdecodermethod *sub_m = find_submethod(c, method, f);
+  int wire_type;
+
+  if (!sub_m) {
+    /* Don't emit any code for this field at all; it will be parsed as an
+     * unknown field.
+     *
+     * TODO(haberman): we should change this to parse it as a string field
+     * instead.  It will probably be faster, but more importantly, once we
+     * start vending unknown fields, a field shouldn't be treated as unknown
+     * just because it doesn't have subhandlers registered. */
+    return;
+  }
+
+  label(c, LABEL_FIELD);
+
+  wire_type =
+      (upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f) == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE)
+          ? UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED
+          : UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP;
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_DISPATCH);
+   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, wire_type);
+    putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, 0);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSEQ, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ));
+   label(c, LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+    putpush(c, f);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSUBMSG, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG));
+    putop(c, OP_CALL, sub_m);
+    putop(c, OP_POP);
+    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSUBMSG, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG);
+    if (wire_type == UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED) {
+      putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);
+    }
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+   label(c, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putop(c, OP_POP);
+    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSEQ, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);
+  } else {
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_DISPATCH);
+   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, wire_type);
+    putpush(c, f);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSUBMSG, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG));
+    putop(c, OP_CALL, sub_m);
+    putop(c, OP_POP);
+    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSUBMSG, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG);
+    if (wire_type == UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED) {
+      putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* Generates bytecode to parse a single string or lazy submessage field. */
+static void generate_delimfield(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                upb_pbdecodermethod *method) {
+  const upb_handlers *h = upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(method);
+
+  label(c, LABEL_FIELD);
+  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+    putchecktag(c, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED, LABEL_DISPATCH);
+   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED);
+    putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, 0);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSEQ, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ));
+   label(c, LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+    putop(c, OP_PUSHLENDELIM);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSTR, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR));
+    /* Need to emit even if no handler to skip past the string. */
+    putop(c, OP_STRING, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STRING));
+    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSTR, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
+    putop(c, OP_POP);
+    putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putchecktag(c, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+   label(c, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putop(c, OP_POP);
+    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSEQ, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);
+  } else {
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+    putchecktag(c, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED, LABEL_DISPATCH);
+   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED);
+    putop(c, OP_PUSHLENDELIM);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSTR, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR));
+    putop(c, OP_STRING, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STRING));
+    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSTR, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
+    putop(c, OP_POP);
+    putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Generates bytecode to parse a single primitive field. */
+static void generate_primitivefield(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                    upb_pbdecodermethod *method) {
+  const upb_handlers *h = upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(method);
+  upb_descriptortype_t descriptor_type = upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f);
+  opcode parse_type;
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+  int wire_type;
+
+  label(c, LABEL_FIELD);
+
+  /* From a decoding perspective, ENUM is the same as INT32. */
+  if (descriptor_type == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM)
+    descriptor_type = UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32;
+
+  parse_type = (opcode)descriptor_type;
+
+  /* TODO(haberman): generate packed or non-packed first depending on "packed"
+   * setting in the fielddef.  This will favor (in speed) whichever was
+   * specified. */
+
+  UPB_ASSERT((int)parse_type >= 0 && parse_type <= OP_MAX);
+  sel = getsel(f, upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(f));
+  wire_type = upb_pb_native_wire_types[upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f)];
+  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+    putchecktag(c, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED, LABEL_DISPATCH);
+   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED);
+    putop(c, OP_PUSHLENDELIM);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSEQ, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ));  /* Packed */
+   label(c, LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+    putop(c, parse_type, sel);
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, wire_type);
+    putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, 0);
+    putop(c, OP_STARTSEQ, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ));  /* Non-packed */
+   label(c, LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+    putop(c, parse_type, sel);
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_LOOPSTART);
+   label(c, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
+    putop(c, OP_POP);  /* Packed and non-packed join. */
+    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSEQ, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);
+    putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);  /* Could remove for non-packed by dup ENDSEQ. */
+  } else {
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_DISPATCH);
+   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, wire_type);
+    putop(c, parse_type, sel);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Adds bytecode for parsing the given message to the given decoderplan,
+ * while adding all dispatch targets to this message's dispatch table. */
+static void compile_method(compiler *c, upb_pbdecodermethod *method) {
+  const upb_handlers *h;
+  const upb_msgdef *md;
+  uint32_t* start_pc;
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  upb_value val;
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(method);
+
+  /* Clear all entries in the dispatch table. */
+  upb_inttable_uninit(&method->dispatch);
+  upb_inttable_init(&method->dispatch, UPB_CTYPE_UINT64);
+
+  h = upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(method);
+  md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+
+ method->code_base.ofs = pcofs(c);
+  putop(c, OP_SETDISPATCH, &method->dispatch);
+  putsel(c, OP_STARTMSG, UPB_STARTMSG_SELECTOR, h);
+ label(c, LABEL_FIELD);
+  start_pc = c->pc;
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+    upb_fieldtype_t type = upb_fielddef_type(f);
+
+    if (type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE && !(haslazyhandlers(h, f) && c->lazy)) {
+      generate_msgfield(c, f, method);
+    } else if (type == UPB_TYPE_STRING || type == UPB_TYPE_BYTES ||
+               type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      generate_delimfield(c, f, method);
+    } else {
+      generate_primitivefield(c, f, method);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* If there were no fields, or if no handlers were defined, we need to
+   * generate a non-empty loop body so that we can at least dispatch for unknown
+   * fields and check for the end of the message. */
+  if (c->pc == start_pc) {
+    /* Check for end-of-message. */
+    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+    /* Unconditionally dispatch. */
+    putop(c, OP_DISPATCH, 0);
+  }
+
+  /* For now we just loop back to the last field of the message (or if none,
+   * the DISPATCH opcode for the message). */
+  putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_FIELD);
+
+  /* Insert both a label and a dispatch table entry for this end-of-msg. */
+ label(c, LABEL_ENDMSG);
+  val = upb_value_uint64(pcofs(c) - method->code_base.ofs);
+  upb_inttable_insert(&method->dispatch, DISPATCH_ENDMSG, val);
+
+  putsel(c, OP_ENDMSG, UPB_ENDMSG_SELECTOR, h);
+  putop(c, OP_RET);
+
+  upb_inttable_compact(&method->dispatch);
+}
+
+/* Populate "methods" with new upb_pbdecodermethod objects reachable from "h".
+ * Returns the method for these handlers.
+ *
+ * Generates a new method for every destination handlers reachable from "h". */
+static void find_methods(compiler *c, const upb_handlers *h) {
+  upb_value v;
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  const upb_msgdef *md;
+  upb_pbdecodermethod *method;
+
+  if (upb_inttable_lookupptr(&c->group->methods, h, &v))
+    return;
+
+  method = newmethod(h, c->group);
+  upb_inttable_insertptr(&c->group->methods, h, upb_value_ptr(method));
+
+  /* Find submethods. */
+  md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+    const upb_handlers *sub_h;
+    if (upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        (sub_h = upb_handlers_getsubhandlers(h, f)) != NULL) {
+      /* We only generate a decoder method for submessages with handlers.
+       * Others will be parsed as unknown fields. */
+      find_methods(c, sub_h);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* (Re-)compile bytecode for all messages in "msgs."
+ * Overwrites any existing bytecode in "c". */
+static void compile_methods(compiler *c) {
+  upb_inttable_iter i;
+
+  /* Start over at the beginning of the bytecode. */
+  c->pc = c->group->bytecode;
+
+  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &c->group->methods);
+  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+    upb_pbdecodermethod *method = upb_value_getptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(&i));
+    compile_method(c, method);
+  }
+}
+
+static void set_bytecode_handlers(mgroup *g) {
+  upb_inttable_iter i;
+  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &g->methods);
+  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+    upb_pbdecodermethod *m = upb_value_getptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(&i));
+    upb_byteshandler *h = &m->input_handler_;
+
+    m->code_base.ptr = g->bytecode + m->code_base.ofs;
+
+    upb_byteshandler_setstartstr(h, upb_pbdecoder_startbc, m->code_base.ptr);
+    upb_byteshandler_setstring(h, upb_pbdecoder_decode, g);
+    upb_byteshandler_setendstr(h, upb_pbdecoder_end, m);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* TODO(haberman): allow this to be constructed for an arbitrary set of dest
+ * handlers and other mgroups (but verify we have a transitive closure). */
+const mgroup *mgroup_new(const upb_handlers *dest, bool lazy) {
+  mgroup *g;
+  compiler *c;
+
+  g = newgroup();
+  c = newcompiler(g, lazy);
+  find_methods(c, dest);
+
+  /* We compile in two passes:
+   * 1. all messages are assigned relative offsets from the beginning of the
+   *    bytecode (saved in method->code_base).
+   * 2. forwards OP_CALL instructions can be correctly linked since message
+   *    offsets have been previously assigned.
+   *
+   * Could avoid the second pass by linking OP_CALL instructions somehow. */
+  compile_methods(c);
+  compile_methods(c);
+  g->bytecode_end = c->pc;
+  freecompiler(c);
+
+#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE
+  {
+    FILE *f = fopen("/tmp/upb-bytecode", "w");
+    UPB_ASSERT(f);
+    dumpbc(g->bytecode, g->bytecode_end, stderr);
+    dumpbc(g->bytecode, g->bytecode_end, f);
+    fclose(f);
+
+    f = fopen("/tmp/upb-bytecode.bin", "wb");
+    UPB_ASSERT(f);
+    fwrite(g->bytecode, 1, g->bytecode_end - g->bytecode, f);
+    fclose(f);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  set_bytecode_handlers(g);
+  return g;
+}
+
+
+/* upb_pbcodecache ************************************************************/
+
+upb_pbcodecache *upb_pbcodecache_new(upb_handlercache *dest) {
+  upb_pbcodecache *c = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*c));
+
+  if (!c) return NULL;
+
+  c->dest = dest;
+  c->lazy = false;
+
+  c->arena = upb_arena_new();
+  if (!upb_inttable_init(&c->groups, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR)) return NULL;
+
+  return c;
+}
+
+void upb_pbcodecache_free(upb_pbcodecache *c) {
+  upb_inttable_iter i;
+
+  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &c->groups);
+  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+    upb_value val = upb_inttable_iter_value(&i);
+    freegroup((void*)upb_value_getconstptr(val));
+  }
+
+  upb_inttable_uninit(&c->groups);
+  upb_arena_free(c->arena);
+  upb_gfree(c);
+}
+
+void upb_pbdecodermethodopts_setlazy(upb_pbcodecache *c, bool lazy) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(upb_inttable_count(&c->groups) == 0);
+  c->lazy = lazy;
+}
+
+const upb_pbdecodermethod *upb_pbcodecache_get(upb_pbcodecache *c,
+                                               const upb_msgdef *md) {
+  upb_value v;
+  bool ok;
+  const upb_handlers *h;
+  const mgroup *g;
+
+  h = upb_handlercache_get(c->dest, md);
+  if (upb_inttable_lookupptr(&c->groups, md, &v)) {
+    g = upb_value_getconstptr(v);
+  } else {
+    g = mgroup_new(h, c->lazy);
+    ok = upb_inttable_insertptr(&c->groups, md, upb_value_constptr(g));
+    UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  }
+
+  ok = upb_inttable_lookupptr(&g->methods, h, &v);
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  return upb_value_getptr(v);
+}
+/*
+** upb::Decoder (Bytecode Decoder VM)
+**
+** Bytecode must previously have been generated using the bytecode compiler in
+** compile_decoder.c.  This decoder then walks through the bytecode op-by-op to
+** parse the input.
+**
+** Decoding is fully resumable; we just keep a pointer to the current bytecode
+** instruction and resume from there.  A fair amount of the logic here is to
+** handle the fact that values can span buffer seams and we have to be able to
+** be capable of suspending/resuming from any byte in the stream.  This
+** sometimes requires keeping a few trailing bytes from the last buffer around
+** in the "residual" buffer.
+*/
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE
+#include <stdio.h>
+#endif
+
+
+#define CHECK_SUSPEND(x) if (!(x)) return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+
+/* Error messages that are shared between the bytecode and JIT decoders. */
+const char *kPbDecoderStackOverflow = "Nesting too deep.";
+const char *kPbDecoderSubmessageTooLong =
+    "Submessage end extends past enclosing submessage.";
+
+/* Error messages shared within this file. */
+static const char *kUnterminatedVarint = "Unterminated varint.";
+
+/* upb_pbdecoder **************************************************************/
+
+static opcode halt = OP_HALT;
+
+/* A dummy character we can point to when the user passes us a NULL buffer.
+ * We need this because in C (NULL + 0) and (NULL - NULL) are undefined
+ * behavior, which would invalidate functions like curbufleft(). */
+static const char dummy_char;
+
+/* Whether an op consumes any of the input buffer. */
+static bool consumes_input(opcode op) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case OP_SETDISPATCH:
+    case OP_STARTMSG:
+    case OP_ENDMSG:
+    case OP_STARTSEQ:
+    case OP_ENDSEQ:
+    case OP_STARTSUBMSG:
+    case OP_ENDSUBMSG:
+    case OP_STARTSTR:
+    case OP_ENDSTR:
+    case OP_PUSHTAGDELIM:
+    case OP_POP:
+    case OP_SETDELIM:
+    case OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM:
+    case OP_CHECKDELIM:
+    case OP_CALL:
+    case OP_RET:
+    case OP_BRANCH:
+      return false;
+    default:
+      return true;
+  }
+}
+
+static size_t stacksize(upb_pbdecoder *d, size_t entries) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(d);
+  return entries * sizeof(upb_pbdecoder_frame);
+}
+
+static size_t callstacksize(upb_pbdecoder *d, size_t entries) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(d);
+
+  return entries * sizeof(uint32_t*);
+}
+
+
+static bool in_residual_buf(const upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *p);
+
+/* It's unfortunate that we have to micro-manage the compiler with
+ * UPB_FORCEINLINE and UPB_NOINLINE, especially since this tuning is necessarily
+ * specific to one hardware configuration.  But empirically on a Core i7,
+ * performance increases 30-50% with these annotations.  Every instance where
+ * these appear, gcc 4.2.1 made the wrong decision and degraded performance in
+ * benchmarks. */
+
+static void seterr(upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *msg) {
+  upb_status_seterrmsg(d->status, msg);
+}
+
+void upb_pbdecoder_seterr(upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *msg) {
+  seterr(d, msg);
+}
+
+
+/* Buffering ******************************************************************/
+
+/* We operate on one buffer at a time, which is either the user's buffer passed
+ * to our "decode" callback or some residual bytes from the previous buffer. */
+
+/* How many bytes can be safely read from d->ptr without reading past end-of-buf
+ * or past the current delimited end. */
+static size_t curbufleft(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(d->data_end >= d->ptr);
+  return d->data_end - d->ptr;
+}
+
+/* How many bytes are available before end-of-buffer. */
+static size_t bufleft(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  return d->end - d->ptr;
+}
+
+/* Overall stream offset of d->ptr. */
+uint64_t offset(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  return d->bufstart_ofs + (d->ptr - d->buf);
+}
+
+/* How many bytes are available before the end of this delimited region. */
+size_t delim_remaining(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  return d->top->end_ofs - offset(d);
+}
+
+/* Advances d->ptr. */
+static void advance(upb_pbdecoder *d, size_t len) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(curbufleft(d) >= len);
+  d->ptr += len;
+}
+
+static bool in_buf(const char *p, const char *buf, const char *end) {
+  return p >= buf && p <= end;
+}
+
+static bool in_residual_buf(const upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *p) {
+  return in_buf(p, d->residual, d->residual_end);
+}
+
+/* Calculates the delim_end value, which is affected by both the current buffer
+ * and the parsing stack, so must be called whenever either is updated. */
+static void set_delim_end(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  size_t delim_ofs = d->top->end_ofs - d->bufstart_ofs;
+  if (delim_ofs <= (size_t)(d->end - d->buf)) {
+    d->delim_end = d->buf + delim_ofs;
+    d->data_end = d->delim_end;
+  } else {
+    d->data_end = d->end;
+    d->delim_end = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+static void switchtobuf(upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *buf, const char *end) {
+  d->ptr = buf;
+  d->buf = buf;
+  d->end = end;
+  set_delim_end(d);
+}
+
+static void advancetobuf(upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *buf, size_t len) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(curbufleft(d) == 0);
+  d->bufstart_ofs += (d->end - d->buf);
+  switchtobuf(d, buf, buf + len);
+}
+
+static void checkpoint(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  /* The assertion here is in the interests of efficiency, not correctness.
+   * We are trying to ensure that we don't checkpoint() more often than
+   * necessary. */
+  UPB_ASSERT(d->checkpoint != d->ptr);
+  d->checkpoint = d->ptr;
+}
+
+/* Skips "bytes" bytes in the stream, which may be more than available.  If we
+ * skip more bytes than are available, we return a long read count to the caller
+ * indicating how many bytes can be skipped over before passing actual data
+ * again.  Skipped bytes can pass a NULL buffer and the decoder guarantees they
+ * won't actually be read.
+ */
+static int32_t skip(upb_pbdecoder *d, size_t bytes) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!in_residual_buf(d, d->ptr) || d->size_param == 0);
+  UPB_ASSERT(d->skip == 0);
+  if (bytes > delim_remaining(d)) {
+    seterr(d, "Skipped value extended beyond enclosing submessage.");
+    return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+  } else if (bufleft(d) >= bytes) {
+    /* Skipped data is all in current buffer, and more is still available. */
+    advance(d, bytes);
+    d->skip = 0;
+    return DECODE_OK;
+  } else {
+    /* Skipped data extends beyond currently available buffers. */
+    d->pc = d->last;
+    d->skip = bytes - curbufleft(d);
+    d->bufstart_ofs += (d->end - d->buf);
+    d->residual_end = d->residual;
+    switchtobuf(d, d->residual, d->residual_end);
+    return d->size_param + d->skip;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* Resumes the decoder from an initial state or from a previous suspend. */
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_resume(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *p, const char *buf,
+                             size_t size, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(p);  /* Useless; just for the benefit of the JIT. */
+
+  /* d->skip and d->residual_end could probably elegantly be represented
+   * as a single variable, to more easily represent this invariant. */
+  UPB_ASSERT(!(d->skip && d->residual_end > d->residual));
+
+  /* We need to remember the original size_param, so that the value we return
+   * is relative to it, even if we do some skipping first. */
+  d->size_param = size;
+  d->handle = handle;
+
+  /* Have to handle this case specially (ie. not with skip()) because the user
+   * is allowed to pass a NULL buffer here, which won't allow us to safely
+   * calculate a d->end or use our normal functions like curbufleft(). */
+  if (d->skip && d->skip >= size) {
+    d->skip -= size;
+    d->bufstart_ofs += size;
+    buf = &dummy_char;
+    size = 0;
+
+    /* We can't just return now, because we might need to execute some ops
+     * like CHECKDELIM, which could call some callbacks and pop the stack. */
+  }
+
+  /* We need to pretend that this was the actual buffer param, since some of the
+   * calculations assume that d->ptr/d->buf is relative to this. */
+  d->buf_param = buf;
+
+  if (!buf) {
+    /* NULL buf is ok if its entire span is covered by the "skip" above, but
+     * by this point we know that "skip" doesn't cover the buffer. */
+    seterr(d, "Passed NULL buffer over non-skippable region.");
+    return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+  }
+
+  if (d->residual_end > d->residual) {
+    /* We have residual bytes from the last buffer. */
+    UPB_ASSERT(d->ptr == d->residual);
+  } else {
+    switchtobuf(d, buf, buf + size);
+  }
+
+  d->checkpoint = d->ptr;
+
+  /* Handle skips that don't cover the whole buffer (as above). */
+  if (d->skip) {
+    size_t skip_bytes = d->skip;
+    d->skip = 0;
+    CHECK_RETURN(skip(d, skip_bytes));
+    checkpoint(d);
+  }
+
+  /* If we're inside an unknown group, continue to parse unknown values. */
+  if (d->top->groupnum < 0) {
+    CHECK_RETURN(upb_pbdecoder_skipunknown(d, -1, 0));
+    checkpoint(d);
+  }
+
+  return DECODE_OK;
+}
+
+/* Suspends the decoder at the last checkpoint, without saving any residual
+ * bytes.  If there are any unconsumed bytes, returns a short byte count. */
+size_t upb_pbdecoder_suspend(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  d->pc = d->last;
+  if (d->checkpoint == d->residual) {
+    /* Checkpoint was in residual buf; no user bytes were consumed. */
+    d->ptr = d->residual;
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    size_t ret = d->size_param - (d->end - d->checkpoint);
+    UPB_ASSERT(!in_residual_buf(d, d->checkpoint));
+    UPB_ASSERT(d->buf == d->buf_param || d->buf == &dummy_char);
+
+    d->bufstart_ofs += (d->checkpoint - d->buf);
+    d->residual_end = d->residual;
+    switchtobuf(d, d->residual, d->residual_end);
+    return ret;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Suspends the decoder at the last checkpoint, and saves any unconsumed
+ * bytes in our residual buffer.  This is necessary if we need more user
+ * bytes to form a complete value, which might not be contiguous in the
+ * user's buffers.  Always consumes all user bytes. */
+static size_t suspend_save(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  /* We hit end-of-buffer before we could parse a full value.
+   * Save any unconsumed bytes (if any) to the residual buffer. */
+  d->pc = d->last;
+
+  if (d->checkpoint == d->residual) {
+    /* Checkpoint was in residual buf; append user byte(s) to residual buf. */
+    UPB_ASSERT((d->residual_end - d->residual) + d->size_param <=
+           sizeof(d->residual));
+    if (!in_residual_buf(d, d->ptr)) {
+      d->bufstart_ofs -= (d->residual_end - d->residual);
+    }
+    memcpy(d->residual_end, d->buf_param, d->size_param);
+    d->residual_end += d->size_param;
+  } else {
+    /* Checkpoint was in user buf; old residual bytes not needed. */
+    size_t save;
+    UPB_ASSERT(!in_residual_buf(d, d->checkpoint));
+
+    d->ptr = d->checkpoint;
+    save = curbufleft(d);
+    UPB_ASSERT(save <= sizeof(d->residual));
+    memcpy(d->residual, d->ptr, save);
+    d->residual_end = d->residual + save;
+    d->bufstart_ofs = offset(d);
+  }
+
+  switchtobuf(d, d->residual, d->residual_end);
+  return d->size_param;
+}
+
+/* Copies the next "bytes" bytes into "buf" and advances the stream.
+ * Requires that this many bytes are available in the current buffer. */
+UPB_FORCEINLINE static void consumebytes(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf,
+                                         size_t bytes) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(bytes <= curbufleft(d));
+  memcpy(buf, d->ptr, bytes);
+  advance(d, bytes);
+}
+
+/* Slow path for getting the next "bytes" bytes, regardless of whether they are
+ * available in the current buffer or not.  Returns a status code as described
+ * in decoder.int.h. */
+UPB_NOINLINE static int32_t getbytes_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf,
+                                          size_t bytes) {
+  const size_t avail = curbufleft(d);
+  consumebytes(d, buf, avail);
+  bytes -= avail;
+  UPB_ASSERT(bytes > 0);
+  if (in_residual_buf(d, d->ptr)) {
+    advancetobuf(d, d->buf_param, d->size_param);
+  }
+  if (curbufleft(d) >= bytes) {
+    consumebytes(d, (char *)buf + avail, bytes);
+    return DECODE_OK;
+  } else if (d->data_end == d->delim_end) {
+    seterr(d, "Submessage ended in the middle of a value or group");
+    return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+  } else {
+    return suspend_save(d);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Gets the next "bytes" bytes, regardless of whether they are available in the
+ * current buffer or not.  Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h.
+ */
+UPB_FORCEINLINE static int32_t getbytes(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf,
+                                        size_t bytes) {
+  if (curbufleft(d) >= bytes) {
+    /* Buffer has enough data to satisfy. */
+    consumebytes(d, buf, bytes);
+    return DECODE_OK;
+  } else {
+    return getbytes_slow(d, buf, bytes);
+  }
+}
+
+UPB_NOINLINE static size_t peekbytes_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf,
+                                          size_t bytes) {
+  size_t ret = curbufleft(d);
+  memcpy(buf, d->ptr, ret);
+  if (in_residual_buf(d, d->ptr)) {
+    size_t copy = UPB_MIN(bytes - ret, d->size_param);
+    memcpy((char *)buf + ret, d->buf_param, copy);
+    ret += copy;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+UPB_FORCEINLINE static size_t peekbytes(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf,
+                                        size_t bytes) {
+  if (curbufleft(d) >= bytes) {
+    memcpy(buf, d->ptr, bytes);
+    return bytes;
+  } else {
+    return peekbytes_slow(d, buf, bytes);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* Decoding of wire types *****************************************************/
+
+/* Slow path for decoding a varint from the current buffer position.
+ * Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h. */
+UPB_NOINLINE int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_varint_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d,
+                                                      uint64_t *u64) {
+  uint8_t byte = 0x80;
+  int bitpos;
+  *u64 = 0;
+  for(bitpos = 0; bitpos < 70 && (byte & 0x80); bitpos += 7) {
+    CHECK_RETURN(getbytes(d, &byte, 1));
+    *u64 |= (uint64_t)(byte & 0x7F) << bitpos;
+  }
+  if(bitpos == 70 && (byte & 0x80)) {
+    seterr(d, kUnterminatedVarint);
+    return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+  }
+  return DECODE_OK;
+}
+
+/* Decodes a varint from the current buffer position.
+ * Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h. */
+UPB_FORCEINLINE static int32_t decode_varint(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t *u64) {
+  if (curbufleft(d) > 0 && !(*d->ptr & 0x80)) {
+    *u64 = *d->ptr;
+    advance(d, 1);
+    return DECODE_OK;
+  } else if (curbufleft(d) >= 10) {
+    /* Fast case. */
+    upb_decoderet r = upb_vdecode_fast(d->ptr);
+    if (r.p == NULL) {
+      seterr(d, kUnterminatedVarint);
+      return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+    }
+    advance(d, r.p - d->ptr);
+    *u64 = r.val;
+    return DECODE_OK;
+  } else {
+    /* Slow case -- varint spans buffer seam. */
+    return upb_pbdecoder_decode_varint_slow(d, u64);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Decodes a 32-bit varint from the current buffer position.
+ * Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h. */
+UPB_FORCEINLINE static int32_t decode_v32(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint32_t *u32) {
+  uint64_t u64;
+  int32_t ret = decode_varint(d, &u64);
+  if (ret >= 0) return ret;
+  if (u64 > UINT32_MAX) {
+    seterr(d, "Unterminated 32-bit varint");
+    /* TODO(haberman) guarantee that this function return is >= 0 somehow,
+     * so we know this path will always be treated as error by our caller.
+     * Right now the size_t -> int32_t can overflow and produce negative values.
+     */
+    *u32 = 0;
+    return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+  }
+  *u32 = u64;
+  return DECODE_OK;
+}
+
+/* Decodes a fixed32 from the current buffer position.
+ * Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h.
+ * TODO: proper byte swapping for big-endian machines. */
+UPB_FORCEINLINE static int32_t decode_fixed32(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint32_t *u32) {
+  return getbytes(d, u32, 4);
+}
+
+/* Decodes a fixed64 from the current buffer position.
+ * Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h.
+ * TODO: proper byte swapping for big-endian machines. */
+UPB_FORCEINLINE static int32_t decode_fixed64(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t *u64) {
+  return getbytes(d, u64, 8);
+}
+
+/* Non-static versions of the above functions.
+ * These are called by the JIT for fallback paths. */
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_f32(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint32_t *u32) {
+  return decode_fixed32(d, u32);
+}
+
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_f64(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t *u64) {
+  return decode_fixed64(d, u64);
+}
+
+static double as_double(uint64_t n) { double d; memcpy(&d, &n, 8); return d; }
+static float  as_float(uint32_t n)  { float  f; memcpy(&f, &n, 4); return f; }
+
+/* Pushes a frame onto the decoder stack. */
+static bool decoder_push(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t end) {
+  upb_pbdecoder_frame *fr = d->top;
+
+  if (end > fr->end_ofs) {
+    seterr(d, kPbDecoderSubmessageTooLong);
+    return false;
+  } else if (fr == d->limit) {
+    seterr(d, kPbDecoderStackOverflow);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  fr++;
+  fr->end_ofs = end;
+  fr->dispatch = NULL;
+  fr->groupnum = 0;
+  d->top = fr;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool pushtagdelim(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint32_t arg) {
+  /* While we expect to see an "end" tag (either ENDGROUP or a non-sequence
+   * field number) prior to hitting any enclosing submessage end, pushing our
+   * existing delim end prevents us from continuing to parse values from a
+   * corrupt proto that doesn't give us an END tag in time. */
+  if (!decoder_push(d, d->top->end_ofs))
+    return false;
+  d->top->groupnum = arg;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Pops a frame from the decoder stack. */
+static void decoder_pop(upb_pbdecoder *d) { d->top--; }
+
+UPB_NOINLINE int32_t upb_pbdecoder_checktag_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d,
+                                                 uint64_t expected) {
+  uint64_t data = 0;
+  size_t bytes = upb_value_size(expected);
+  size_t read = peekbytes(d, &data, bytes);
+  if (read == bytes && data == expected) {
+    /* Advance past matched bytes. */
+    int32_t ok = getbytes(d, &data, read);
+    UPB_ASSERT(ok < 0);
+    return DECODE_OK;
+  } else if (read < bytes && memcmp(&data, &expected, read) == 0) {
+    return suspend_save(d);
+  } else {
+    return DECODE_MISMATCH;
+  }
+}
+
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_skipunknown(upb_pbdecoder *d, int32_t fieldnum,
+                                  uint8_t wire_type) {
+  if (fieldnum >= 0)
+    goto have_tag;
+
+  while (true) {
+    uint32_t tag;
+    CHECK_RETURN(decode_v32(d, &tag));
+    wire_type = tag & 0x7;
+    fieldnum = tag >> 3;
+
+have_tag:
+    if (fieldnum == 0) {
+      seterr(d, "Saw invalid field number (0)");
+      return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+    }
+
+    switch (wire_type) {
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT:
+        CHECK_RETURN(skip(d, 4));
+        break;
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT:
+        CHECK_RETURN(skip(d, 8));
+        break;
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT: {
+        uint64_t u64;
+        CHECK_RETURN(decode_varint(d, &u64));
+        break;
+      }
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED: {
+        uint32_t len;
+        CHECK_RETURN(decode_v32(d, &len));
+        CHECK_RETURN(skip(d, len));
+        break;
+      }
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP:
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(pushtagdelim(d, -fieldnum));
+        break;
+      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP:
+        if (fieldnum == -d->top->groupnum) {
+          decoder_pop(d);
+        } else if (fieldnum == d->top->groupnum) {
+          return DECODE_ENDGROUP;
+        } else {
+          seterr(d, "Unmatched ENDGROUP tag.");
+          return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        seterr(d, "Invalid wire type");
+        return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+    }
+
+    if (d->top->groupnum >= 0) {
+      /* TODO: More code needed for handling unknown groups. */
+      upb_sink_putunknown(d->top->sink, d->checkpoint, d->ptr - d->checkpoint);
+      return DECODE_OK;
+    }
+
+    /* Unknown group -- continue looping over unknown fields. */
+    checkpoint(d);
+  }
+}
+
+static void goto_endmsg(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  upb_value v;
+  bool found = upb_inttable_lookup32(d->top->dispatch, DISPATCH_ENDMSG, &v);
+  UPB_ASSERT(found);
+  d->pc = d->top->base + upb_value_getuint64(v);
+}
+
+/* Parses a tag and jumps to the corresponding bytecode instruction for this
+ * field.
+ *
+ * If the tag is unknown (or the wire type doesn't match), parses the field as
+ * unknown.  If the tag is a valid ENDGROUP tag, jumps to the bytecode
+ * instruction for the end of message. */
+static int32_t dispatch(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  upb_inttable *dispatch = d->top->dispatch;
+  uint32_t tag;
+  uint8_t wire_type;
+  uint32_t fieldnum;
+  upb_value val;
+  int32_t retval;
+
+  /* Decode tag. */
+  CHECK_RETURN(decode_v32(d, &tag));
+  wire_type = tag & 0x7;
+  fieldnum = tag >> 3;
+
+  /* Lookup tag.  Because of packed/non-packed compatibility, we have to
+   * check the wire type against two possibilities. */
+  if (fieldnum != DISPATCH_ENDMSG &&
+      upb_inttable_lookup32(dispatch, fieldnum, &val)) {
+    uint64_t v = upb_value_getuint64(val);
+    if (wire_type == (v & 0xff)) {
+      d->pc = d->top->base + (v >> 16);
+      return DECODE_OK;
+    } else if (wire_type == ((v >> 8) & 0xff)) {
+      bool found =
+          upb_inttable_lookup(dispatch, fieldnum + UPB_MAX_FIELDNUMBER, &val);
+      UPB_ASSERT(found);
+      d->pc = d->top->base + upb_value_getuint64(val);
+      return DECODE_OK;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* We have some unknown fields (or ENDGROUP) to parse.  The DISPATCH or TAG
+   * bytecode that triggered this is preceded by a CHECKDELIM bytecode which
+   * we need to back up to, so that when we're done skipping unknown data we
+   * can re-check the delimited end. */
+  d->last--;  /* Necessary if we get suspended */
+  d->pc = d->last;
+  UPB_ASSERT(getop(*d->last) == OP_CHECKDELIM);
+
+  /* Unknown field or ENDGROUP. */
+  retval = upb_pbdecoder_skipunknown(d, fieldnum, wire_type);
+
+  CHECK_RETURN(retval);
+
+  if (retval == DECODE_ENDGROUP) {
+    goto_endmsg(d);
+    return DECODE_OK;
+  }
+
+  return DECODE_OK;
+}
+
+/* Callers know that the stack is more than one deep because the opcodes that
+ * call this only occur after PUSH operations. */
+upb_pbdecoder_frame *outer_frame(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(d->top != d->stack);
+  return d->top - 1;
+}
+
+
+/* The main decoding loop *****************************************************/
+
+/* The main decoder VM function.  Uses traditional bytecode dispatch loop with a
+ * switch() statement. */
+size_t run_decoder_vm(upb_pbdecoder *d, const mgroup *group,
+                      const upb_bufhandle* handle) {
+
+#define VMCASE(op, code) \
+  case op: { code; if (consumes_input(op)) checkpoint(d); break; }
+#define PRIMITIVE_OP(type, wt, name, convfunc, ctype) \
+  VMCASE(OP_PARSE_ ## type, { \
+    ctype val; \
+    CHECK_RETURN(decode_ ## wt(d, &val)); \
+    upb_sink_put ## name(d->top->sink, arg, (convfunc)(val)); \
+  })
+
+  while(1) {
+    int32_t instruction;
+    opcode op;
+    uint32_t arg;
+    int32_t longofs;
+
+    d->last = d->pc;
+    instruction = *d->pc++;
+    op = getop(instruction);
+    arg = instruction >> 8;
+    longofs = arg;
+    UPB_ASSERT(d->ptr != d->residual_end);
+    UPB_UNUSED(group);
+#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE
+    fprintf(stderr, "s_ofs=%d buf_ofs=%d data_rem=%d buf_rem=%d delim_rem=%d "
+                    "%x %s (%d)\n",
+            (int)offset(d),
+            (int)(d->ptr - d->buf),
+            (int)(d->data_end - d->ptr),
+            (int)(d->end - d->ptr),
+            (int)((d->top->end_ofs - d->bufstart_ofs) - (d->ptr - d->buf)),
+            (int)(d->pc - 1 - group->bytecode),
+            upb_pbdecoder_getopname(op),
+            arg);
+#endif
+    switch (op) {
+      /* Technically, we are losing data if we see a 32-bit varint that is not
+       * properly sign-extended.  We could detect this and error about the data
+       * loss, but proto2 does not do this, so we pass. */
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(INT32,    varint,  int32,  int32_t,      uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(INT64,    varint,  int64,  int64_t,      uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(UINT32,   varint,  uint32, uint32_t,     uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(UINT64,   varint,  uint64, uint64_t,     uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(FIXED32,  fixed32, uint32, uint32_t,     uint32_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(FIXED64,  fixed64, uint64, uint64_t,     uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(SFIXED32, fixed32, int32,  int32_t,      uint32_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(SFIXED64, fixed64, int64,  int64_t,      uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(BOOL,     varint,  bool,   bool,         uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(DOUBLE,   fixed64, double, as_double,    uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(FLOAT,    fixed32, float,  as_float,     uint32_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(SINT32,   varint,  int32,  upb_zzdec_32, uint64_t)
+      PRIMITIVE_OP(SINT64,   varint,  int64,  upb_zzdec_64, uint64_t)
+
+      VMCASE(OP_SETDISPATCH,
+        d->top->base = d->pc - 1;
+        memcpy(&d->top->dispatch, d->pc, sizeof(void*));
+        d->pc += sizeof(void*) / sizeof(uint32_t);
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_STARTMSG,
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_startmsg(d->top->sink));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_ENDMSG,
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_endmsg(d->top->sink, d->status));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_STARTSEQ,
+        upb_pbdecoder_frame *outer = outer_frame(d);
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_startseq(outer->sink, arg, &d->top->sink));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_ENDSEQ,
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_endseq(d->top->sink, arg));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_STARTSUBMSG,
+        upb_pbdecoder_frame *outer = outer_frame(d);
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_startsubmsg(outer->sink, arg, &d->top->sink));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_ENDSUBMSG,
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_endsubmsg(d->top->sink, arg));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_STARTSTR,
+        uint32_t len = delim_remaining(d);
+        upb_pbdecoder_frame *outer = outer_frame(d);
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_startstr(outer->sink, arg, len, &d->top->sink));
+        if (len == 0) {
+          d->pc++;  /* Skip OP_STRING. */
+        }
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_STRING,
+        uint32_t len = curbufleft(d);
+        size_t n = upb_sink_putstring(d->top->sink, arg, d->ptr, len, handle);
+        if (n > len) {
+          if (n > delim_remaining(d)) {
+            seterr(d, "Tried to skip past end of string.");
+            return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+          } else {
+            int32_t ret = skip(d, n);
+            /* This shouldn't return DECODE_OK, because n > len. */
+            UPB_ASSERT(ret >= 0);
+            return ret;
+          }
+        }
+        advance(d, n);
+        if (n < len || d->delim_end == NULL) {
+          /* We aren't finished with this string yet. */
+          d->pc--;  /* Repeat OP_STRING. */
+          if (n > 0) checkpoint(d);
+          return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
+        }
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_ENDSTR,
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_endstr(d->top->sink, arg));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_PUSHTAGDELIM,
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(pushtagdelim(d, arg));
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM,
+        d->top->groupnum = *d->pc++;
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_POP,
+        UPB_ASSERT(d->top > d->stack);
+        decoder_pop(d);
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_PUSHLENDELIM,
+        uint32_t len;
+        CHECK_RETURN(decode_v32(d, &len));
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(decoder_push(d, offset(d) + len));
+        set_delim_end(d);
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_SETDELIM,
+        set_delim_end(d);
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_CHECKDELIM,
+        /* We are guaranteed of this assert because we never allow ourselves to
+         * consume bytes beyond data_end, which covers delim_end when non-NULL.
+         */
+        UPB_ASSERT(!(d->delim_end && d->ptr > d->delim_end));
+        if (d->ptr == d->delim_end)
+          d->pc += longofs;
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_CALL,
+        d->callstack[d->call_len++] = d->pc;
+        d->pc += longofs;
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_RET,
+        UPB_ASSERT(d->call_len > 0);
+        d->pc = d->callstack[--d->call_len];
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_BRANCH,
+        d->pc += longofs;
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_TAG1,
+        uint8_t expected;
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(curbufleft(d) > 0);
+        expected = (arg >> 8) & 0xff;
+        if (*d->ptr == expected) {
+          advance(d, 1);
+        } else {
+          int8_t shortofs;
+         badtag:
+          shortofs = arg;
+          if (shortofs == LABEL_DISPATCH) {
+            CHECK_RETURN(dispatch(d));
+          } else {
+            d->pc += shortofs;
+            break; /* Avoid checkpoint(). */
+          }
+        }
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_TAG2,
+        uint16_t expected;
+        CHECK_SUSPEND(curbufleft(d) > 0);
+        expected = (arg >> 8) & 0xffff;
+        if (curbufleft(d) >= 2) {
+          uint16_t actual;
+          memcpy(&actual, d->ptr, 2);
+          if (expected == actual) {
+            advance(d, 2);
+          } else {
+            goto badtag;
+          }
+        } else {
+          int32_t result = upb_pbdecoder_checktag_slow(d, expected);
+          if (result == DECODE_MISMATCH) goto badtag;
+          if (result >= 0) return result;
+        }
+      )
+      VMCASE(OP_TAGN, {
+        uint64_t expected;
+        int32_t result;
+        memcpy(&expected, d->pc, 8);
+        d->pc += 2;
+        result = upb_pbdecoder_checktag_slow(d, expected);
+        if (result == DECODE_MISMATCH) goto badtag;
+        if (result >= 0) return result;
+      })
+      VMCASE(OP_DISPATCH, {
+        CHECK_RETURN(dispatch(d));
+      })
+      VMCASE(OP_HALT, {
+        return d->size_param;
+      })
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* BytesHandler handlers ******************************************************/
+
+void *upb_pbdecoder_startbc(void *closure, const void *pc, size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_pbdecoder *d = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  d->top->end_ofs = UINT64_MAX;
+  d->bufstart_ofs = 0;
+  d->call_len = 1;
+  d->callstack[0] = &halt;
+  d->pc = pc;
+  d->skip = 0;
+  return d;
+}
+
+bool upb_pbdecoder_end(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_pbdecoder *d = closure;
+  const upb_pbdecodermethod *method = handler_data;
+  uint64_t end;
+  char dummy;
+
+  if (d->residual_end > d->residual) {
+    seterr(d, "Unexpected EOF: decoder still has buffered unparsed data");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (d->skip) {
+    seterr(d, "Unexpected EOF inside skipped data");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (d->top->end_ofs != UINT64_MAX) {
+    seterr(d, "Unexpected EOF inside delimited string");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* The user's end() call indicates that the message ends here. */
+  end = offset(d);
+  d->top->end_ofs = end;
+
+  {
+    const uint32_t *p = d->pc;
+    d->stack->end_ofs = end;
+    /* Check the previous bytecode, but guard against beginning. */
+    if (p != method->code_base.ptr) p--;
+    if (getop(*p) == OP_CHECKDELIM) {
+      /* Rewind from OP_TAG* to OP_CHECKDELIM. */
+      UPB_ASSERT(getop(*d->pc) == OP_TAG1 ||
+             getop(*d->pc) == OP_TAG2 ||
+             getop(*d->pc) == OP_TAGN ||
+             getop(*d->pc) == OP_DISPATCH);
+      d->pc = p;
+    }
+    upb_pbdecoder_decode(closure, handler_data, &dummy, 0, NULL);
+  }
+
+  if (d->call_len != 0) {
+    seterr(d, "Unexpected EOF inside submessage or group");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+size_t upb_pbdecoder_decode(void *decoder, const void *group, const char *buf,
+                            size_t size, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  int32_t result = upb_pbdecoder_resume(decoder, NULL, buf, size, handle);
+
+  if (result == DECODE_ENDGROUP) goto_endmsg(decoder);
+  CHECK_RETURN(result);
+
+  return run_decoder_vm(decoder, group, handle);
+}
+
+
+/* Public API *****************************************************************/
+
+void upb_pbdecoder_reset(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  d->top = d->stack;
+  d->top->groupnum = 0;
+  d->ptr = d->residual;
+  d->buf = d->residual;
+  d->end = d->residual;
+  d->residual_end = d->residual;
+}
+
+upb_pbdecoder *upb_pbdecoder_create(upb_arena *a, const upb_pbdecodermethod *m,
+                                    upb_sink sink, upb_status *status) {
+  const size_t default_max_nesting = 64;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  size_t size_before = upb_arena_bytesallocated(a);
+#endif
+
+  upb_pbdecoder *d = upb_arena_malloc(a, sizeof(upb_pbdecoder));
+  if (!d) return NULL;
+
+  d->method_ = m;
+  d->callstack = upb_arena_malloc(a, callstacksize(d, default_max_nesting));
+  d->stack = upb_arena_malloc(a, stacksize(d, default_max_nesting));
+  if (!d->stack || !d->callstack) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  d->arena = a;
+  d->limit = d->stack + default_max_nesting - 1;
+  d->stack_size = default_max_nesting;
+  d->status = status;
+
+  upb_pbdecoder_reset(d);
+  upb_bytessink_reset(&d->input_, &m->input_handler_, d);
+
+  if (d->method_->dest_handlers_) {
+    if (sink.handlers != d->method_->dest_handlers_)
+      return NULL;
+  }
+  d->top->sink = sink;
+
+  /* If this fails, increase the value in decoder.h. */
+  UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(upb_arena_bytesallocated(a) - size_before <=
+                      UPB_PB_DECODER_SIZE);
+  return d;
+}
+
+uint64_t upb_pbdecoder_bytesparsed(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  return offset(d);
+}
+
+const upb_pbdecodermethod *upb_pbdecoder_method(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  return d->method_;
+}
+
+upb_bytessink upb_pbdecoder_input(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  return d->input_;
+}
+
+size_t upb_pbdecoder_maxnesting(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
+  return d->stack_size;
+}
+
+bool upb_pbdecoder_setmaxnesting(upb_pbdecoder *d, size_t max) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(d->top >= d->stack);
+
+  if (max < (size_t)(d->top - d->stack)) {
+    /* Can't set a limit smaller than what we are currently at. */
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (max > d->stack_size) {
+    /* Need to reallocate stack and callstack to accommodate. */
+    size_t old_size = stacksize(d, d->stack_size);
+    size_t new_size = stacksize(d, max);
+    void *p = upb_arena_realloc(d->arena, d->stack, old_size, new_size);
+    if (!p) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    d->stack = p;
+
+    old_size = callstacksize(d, d->stack_size);
+    new_size = callstacksize(d, max);
+    p = upb_arena_realloc(d->arena, d->callstack, old_size, new_size);
+    if (!p) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    d->callstack = p;
+
+    d->stack_size = max;
+  }
+
+  d->limit = d->stack + max - 1;
+  return true;
+}
+/*
+** upb::Encoder
+**
+** Since we are implementing pure handlers (ie. without any out-of-band access
+** to pre-computed lengths), we have to buffer all submessages before we can
+** emit even their first byte.
+**
+** Not knowing the size of submessages also means we can't write a perfect
+** zero-copy implementation, even with buffering.  Lengths are stored as
+** varints, which means that we don't know how many bytes to reserve for the
+** length until we know what the length is.
+**
+** This leaves us with three main choices:
+**
+** 1. buffer all submessage data in a temporary buffer, then copy it exactly
+**    once into the output buffer.
+**
+** 2. attempt to buffer data directly into the output buffer, estimating how
+**    many bytes each length will take.  When our guesses are wrong, use
+**    memmove() to grow or shrink the allotted space.
+**
+** 3. buffer directly into the output buffer, allocating a max length
+**    ahead-of-time for each submessage length.  If we overallocated, we waste
+**    space, but no memcpy() or memmove() is required.  This approach requires
+**    defining a maximum size for submessages and rejecting submessages that
+**    exceed that size.
+**
+** (2) and (3) have the potential to have better performance, but they are more
+** complicated and subtle to implement:
+**
+**   (3) requires making an arbitrary choice of the maximum message size; it
+**       wastes space when submessages are shorter than this and fails
+**       completely when they are longer.  This makes it more finicky and
+**       requires configuration based on the input.  It also makes it impossible
+**       to perfectly match the output of reference encoders that always use the
+**       optimal amount of space for each length.
+**
+**   (2) requires guessing the the size upfront, and if multiple lengths are
+**       guessed wrong the minimum required number of memmove() operations may
+**       be complicated to compute correctly.  Implemented properly, it may have
+**       a useful amortized or average cost, but more investigation is required
+**       to determine this and what the optimal algorithm is to achieve it.
+**
+**   (1) makes you always pay for exactly one copy, but its implementation is
+**       the simplest and its performance is predictable.
+**
+** So for now, we implement (1) only.  If we wish to optimize later, we should
+** be able to do it without affecting users.
+**
+** The strategy is to buffer the segments of data that do *not* depend on
+** unknown lengths in one buffer, and keep a separate buffer of segment pointers
+** and lengths.  When the top-level submessage ends, we can go beginning to end,
+** alternating the writing of lengths with memcpy() of the rest of the data.
+** At the top level though, no buffering is required.
+*/
+
+
+
+/* The output buffer is divided into segments; a segment is a string of data
+ * that is "ready to go" -- it does not need any varint lengths inserted into
+ * the middle.  The seams between segments are where varints will be inserted
+ * once they are known.
+ *
+ * We also use the concept of a "run", which is a range of encoded bytes that
+ * occur at a single submessage level.  Every segment contains one or more runs.
+ *
+ * A segment can span messages.  Consider:
+ *
+ *                  .--Submessage lengths---------.
+ *                  |       |                     |
+ *                  |       V                     V
+ *                  V      | |---------------    | |-----------------
+ * Submessages:    | |-----------------------------------------------
+ * Top-level msg: ------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Segments:          -----   -------------------   -----------------
+ * Runs:              *----   *--------------*---   *----------------
+ * (* marks the start)
+ *
+ * Note that the top-level menssage is not in any segment because it does not
+ * have any length preceding it.
+ *
+ * A segment is only interrupted when another length needs to be inserted.  So
+ * observe how the second segment spans both the inner submessage and part of
+ * the next enclosing message. */
+typedef struct {
+  uint32_t msglen;  /* The length to varint-encode before this segment. */
+  uint32_t seglen;  /* Length of the segment. */
+} upb_pb_encoder_segment;
+
+struct upb_pb_encoder {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+
+  /* Our input and output. */
+  upb_sink input_;
+  upb_bytessink output_;
+
+  /* The "subclosure" -- used as the inner closure as part of the bytessink
+   * protocol. */
+  void *subc;
+
+  /* The output buffer and limit, and our current write position.  "buf"
+   * initially points to "initbuf", but is dynamically allocated if we need to
+   * grow beyond the initial size. */
+  char *buf, *ptr, *limit;
+
+  /* The beginning of the current run, or undefined if we are at the top
+   * level. */
+  char *runbegin;
+
+  /* The list of segments we are accumulating. */
+  upb_pb_encoder_segment *segbuf, *segptr, *seglimit;
+
+  /* The stack of enclosing submessages.  Each entry in the stack points to the
+   * segment where this submessage's length is being accumulated. */
+  int *stack, *top, *stacklimit;
+
+  /* Depth of startmsg/endmsg calls. */
+  int depth;
+};
+
+/* low-level buffering ********************************************************/
+
+/* Low-level functions for interacting with the output buffer. */
+
+/* TODO(haberman): handle pushback */
+static void putbuf(upb_pb_encoder *e, const char *buf, size_t len) {
+  size_t n = upb_bytessink_putbuf(e->output_, e->subc, buf, len, NULL);
+  UPB_ASSERT(n == len);
+}
+
+static upb_pb_encoder_segment *top(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
+  return &e->segbuf[*e->top];
+}
+
+/* Call to ensure that at least "bytes" bytes are available for writing at
+ * e->ptr.  Returns false if the bytes could not be allocated. */
+static bool reserve(upb_pb_encoder *e, size_t bytes) {
+  if ((size_t)(e->limit - e->ptr) < bytes) {
+    /* Grow buffer. */
+    char *new_buf;
+    size_t needed = bytes + (e->ptr - e->buf);
+    size_t old_size = e->limit - e->buf;
+
+    size_t new_size = old_size;
+
+    while (new_size < needed) {
+      new_size *= 2;
+    }
+
+    new_buf = upb_arena_realloc(e->arena, e->buf, old_size, new_size);
+
+    if (new_buf == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    e->ptr = new_buf + (e->ptr - e->buf);
+    e->runbegin = new_buf + (e->runbegin - e->buf);
+    e->limit = new_buf + new_size;
+    e->buf = new_buf;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Call when "bytes" bytes have been writte at e->ptr.  The caller *must* have
+ * previously called reserve() with at least this many bytes. */
+static void encoder_advance(upb_pb_encoder *e, size_t bytes) {
+  UPB_ASSERT((size_t)(e->limit - e->ptr) >= bytes);
+  e->ptr += bytes;
+}
+
+/* Call when all of the bytes for a handler have been written.  Flushes the
+ * bytes if possible and necessary, returning false if this failed. */
+static bool commit(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
+  if (!e->top) {
+    /* We aren't inside a delimited region.  Flush our accumulated bytes to
+     * the output.
+     *
+     * TODO(haberman): in the future we may want to delay flushing for
+     * efficiency reasons. */
+    putbuf(e, e->buf, e->ptr - e->buf);
+    e->ptr = e->buf;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Writes the given bytes to the buffer, handling reserve/advance. */
+static bool encode_bytes(upb_pb_encoder *e, const void *data, size_t len) {
+  if (!reserve(e, len)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  memcpy(e->ptr, data, len);
+  encoder_advance(e, len);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Finish the current run by adding the run totals to the segment and message
+ * length. */
+static void accumulate(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
+  size_t run_len;
+  UPB_ASSERT(e->ptr >= e->runbegin);
+  run_len = e->ptr - e->runbegin;
+  e->segptr->seglen += run_len;
+  top(e)->msglen += run_len;
+  e->runbegin = e->ptr;
+}
+
+/* Call to indicate the start of delimited region for which the full length is
+ * not yet known.  All data will be buffered until the length is known.
+ * Delimited regions may be nested; their lengths will all be tracked properly. */
+static bool start_delim(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
+  if (e->top) {
+    /* We are already buffering, advance to the next segment and push it on the
+     * stack. */
+    accumulate(e);
+
+    if (++e->top == e->stacklimit) {
+      /* TODO(haberman): grow stack? */
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (++e->segptr == e->seglimit) {
+      /* Grow segment buffer. */
+      size_t old_size =
+          (e->seglimit - e->segbuf) * sizeof(upb_pb_encoder_segment);
+      size_t new_size = old_size * 2;
+      upb_pb_encoder_segment *new_buf =
+          upb_arena_realloc(e->arena, e->segbuf, old_size, new_size);
+
+      if (new_buf == NULL) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      e->segptr = new_buf + (e->segptr - e->segbuf);
+      e->seglimit = new_buf + (new_size / sizeof(upb_pb_encoder_segment));
+      e->segbuf = new_buf;
+    }
+  } else {
+    /* We were previously at the top level, start buffering. */
+    e->segptr = e->segbuf;
+    e->top = e->stack;
+    e->runbegin = e->ptr;
+  }
+
+  *e->top = e->segptr - e->segbuf;
+  e->segptr->seglen = 0;
+  e->segptr->msglen = 0;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Call to indicate the end of a delimited region.  We now know the length of
+ * the delimited region.  If we are not nested inside any other delimited
+ * regions, we can now emit all of the buffered data we accumulated. */
+static bool end_delim(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
+  size_t msglen;
+  accumulate(e);
+  msglen = top(e)->msglen;
+
+  if (e->top == e->stack) {
+    /* All lengths are now available, emit all buffered data. */
+    char buf[UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN];
+    upb_pb_encoder_segment *s;
+    const char *ptr = e->buf;
+    for (s = e->segbuf; s <= e->segptr; s++) {
+      size_t lenbytes = upb_vencode64(s->msglen, buf);
+      putbuf(e, buf, lenbytes);
+      putbuf(e, ptr, s->seglen);
+      ptr += s->seglen;
+    }
+
+    e->ptr = e->buf;
+    e->top = NULL;
+  } else {
+    /* Need to keep buffering; propagate length info into enclosing
+     * submessages. */
+    --e->top;
+    top(e)->msglen += msglen + upb_varint_size(msglen);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+/* tag_t **********************************************************************/
+
+/* A precomputed (pre-encoded) tag and length. */
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint8_t bytes;
+  char tag[7];
+} tag_t;
+
+/* Allocates a new tag for this field, and sets it in these handlerattr. */
+static void new_tag(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f, upb_wiretype_t wt,
+                    upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  uint32_t n = upb_fielddef_number(f);
+
+  tag_t *tag = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(tag_t));
+  tag->bytes = upb_vencode64((n << 3) | wt, tag->tag);
+
+  attr->handler_data = tag;
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, tag, upb_gfree);
+}
+
+static bool encode_tag(upb_pb_encoder *e, const tag_t *tag) {
+  return encode_bytes(e, tag->tag, tag->bytes);
+}
+
+
+/* encoding of wire types *****************************************************/
+
+static bool encode_fixed64(upb_pb_encoder *e, uint64_t val) {
+  /* TODO(haberman): byte-swap for big endian. */
+  return encode_bytes(e, &val, sizeof(uint64_t));
+}
+
+static bool encode_fixed32(upb_pb_encoder *e, uint32_t val) {
+  /* TODO(haberman): byte-swap for big endian. */
+  return encode_bytes(e, &val, sizeof(uint32_t));
+}
+
+static bool encode_varint(upb_pb_encoder *e, uint64_t val) {
+  if (!reserve(e, UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  encoder_advance(e, upb_vencode64(val, e->ptr));
+  return true;
+}
+
+static uint64_t dbl2uint64(double d) {
+  uint64_t ret;
+  memcpy(&ret, &d, sizeof(uint64_t));
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static uint32_t flt2uint32(float d) {
+  uint32_t ret;
+  memcpy(&ret, &d, sizeof(uint32_t));
+  return ret;
+}
+
+
+/* encoding of proto types ****************************************************/
+
+static bool startmsg(void *c, const void *hd) {
+  upb_pb_encoder *e = c;
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  if (e->depth++ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(e->output_, 0, &e->subc);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool endmsg(void *c, const void *hd, upb_status *status) {
+  upb_pb_encoder *e = c;
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(status);
+  if (--e->depth == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(e->output_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *encode_startdelimfield(void *c, const void *hd) {
+  bool ok = encode_tag(c, hd) && commit(c) && start_delim(c);
+  return ok ? c : UPB_BREAK;
+}
+
+static bool encode_unknown(void *c, const void *hd, const char *buf,
+                           size_t len) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  return encode_bytes(c, buf, len) && commit(c);
+}
+
+static bool encode_enddelimfield(void *c, const void *hd) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  return end_delim(c);
+}
+
+static void *encode_startgroup(void *c, const void *hd) {
+  return (encode_tag(c, hd) && commit(c)) ? c : UPB_BREAK;
+}
+
+static bool encode_endgroup(void *c, const void *hd) {
+  return encode_tag(c, hd) && commit(c);
+}
+
+static void *encode_startstr(void *c, const void *hd, size_t size_hint) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  return encode_startdelimfield(c, hd);
+}
+
+static size_t encode_strbuf(void *c, const void *hd, const char *buf,
+                            size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *h) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(h);
+  return encode_bytes(c, buf, len) ? len : 0;
+}
+
+#define T(type, ctype, convert, encode)                                  \
+  static bool encode_scalar_##type(void *e, const void *hd, ctype val) { \
+    return encode_tag(e, hd) && encode(e, (convert)(val)) && commit(e);  \
+  }                                                                      \
+  static bool encode_packed_##type(void *e, const void *hd, ctype val) { \
+    UPB_UNUSED(hd);                                                      \
+    return encode(e, (convert)(val));                                    \
+  }
+
+T(double,   double,   dbl2uint64,   encode_fixed64)
+T(float,    float,    flt2uint32,   encode_fixed32)
+T(int64,    int64_t,  uint64_t,     encode_varint)
+T(int32,    int32_t,  int64_t,      encode_varint)
+T(fixed64,  uint64_t, uint64_t,     encode_fixed64)
+T(fixed32,  uint32_t, uint32_t,     encode_fixed32)
+T(bool,     bool,     bool,         encode_varint)
+T(uint32,   uint32_t, uint32_t,     encode_varint)
+T(uint64,   uint64_t, uint64_t,     encode_varint)
+T(enum,     int32_t,  uint32_t,     encode_varint)
+T(sfixed32, int32_t,  uint32_t,     encode_fixed32)
+T(sfixed64, int64_t,  uint64_t,     encode_fixed64)
+T(sint32,   int32_t,  upb_zzenc_32, encode_varint)
+T(sint64,   int64_t,  upb_zzenc_64, encode_varint)
+
+#undef T
+
+
+/* code to build the handlers *************************************************/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+static void newhandlers_callback(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *m;
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, startmsg, NULL);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, endmsg, NULL);
+  upb_handlers_setunknown(h, encode_unknown, NULL);
+
+  m = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, m);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+    bool packed = upb_fielddef_isseq(f) && upb_fielddef_isprimitive(f) &&
+                  upb_fielddef_packed(f);
+    upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+    upb_wiretype_t wt =
+        packed ? UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED
+               : upb_pb_native_wire_types[upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f)];
+
+    /* Pre-encode the tag for this field. */
+    new_tag(h, f, wt, &attr);
+
+    if (packed) {
+      upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, encode_startdelimfield, &attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, encode_enddelimfield, &attr);
+    }
+
+#define T(upper, lower, upbtype)                                     \
+  case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_##upper:                                  \
+    if (packed) {                                                    \
+      upb_handlers_set##upbtype(h, f, encode_packed_##lower, &attr); \
+    } else {                                                         \
+      upb_handlers_set##upbtype(h, f, encode_scalar_##lower, &attr); \
+    }                                                                \
+    break;
+
+    switch (upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f)) {
+      T(DOUBLE,   double,   double);
+      T(FLOAT,    float,    float);
+      T(INT64,    int64,    int64);
+      T(INT32,    int32,    int32);
+      T(FIXED64,  fixed64,  uint64);
+      T(FIXED32,  fixed32,  uint32);
+      T(BOOL,     bool,     bool);
+      T(UINT32,   uint32,   uint32);
+      T(UINT64,   uint64,   uint64);
+      T(ENUM,     enum,     int32);
+      T(SFIXED32, sfixed32, int32);
+      T(SFIXED64, sfixed64, int64);
+      T(SINT32,   sint32,   int32);
+      T(SINT64,   sint64,   int64);
+      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING:
+      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES:
+        upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, encode_startstr, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, encode_enddelimfield, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, encode_strbuf, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, encode_startdelimfield, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, f, encode_enddelimfield, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP: {
+        /* Endgroup takes a different tag (wire_type = END_GROUP). */
+        upb_handlerattr attr2 = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+        new_tag(h, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP, &attr2);
+
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, encode_startgroup, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, f, encode_endgroup, &attr2);
+
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+#undef T
+  }
+}
+
+void upb_pb_encoder_reset(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
+  e->segptr = NULL;
+  e->top = NULL;
+  e->depth = 0;
+}
+
+
+/* public API *****************************************************************/
+
+upb_handlercache *upb_pb_encoder_newcache(void) {
+  return upb_handlercache_new(newhandlers_callback, NULL);
+}
+
+upb_pb_encoder *upb_pb_encoder_create(upb_arena *arena, const upb_handlers *h,
+                                      upb_bytessink output) {
+  const size_t initial_bufsize = 256;
+  const size_t initial_segbufsize = 16;
+  /* TODO(haberman): make this configurable. */
+  const size_t stack_size = 64;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  const size_t size_before = upb_arena_bytesallocated(arena);
+#endif
+
+  upb_pb_encoder *e = upb_arena_malloc(arena, sizeof(upb_pb_encoder));
+  if (!e) return NULL;
+
+  e->buf = upb_arena_malloc(arena, initial_bufsize);
+  e->segbuf = upb_arena_malloc(arena, initial_segbufsize * sizeof(*e->segbuf));
+  e->stack = upb_arena_malloc(arena, stack_size * sizeof(*e->stack));
+
+  if (!e->buf || !e->segbuf || !e->stack) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  e->limit = e->buf + initial_bufsize;
+  e->seglimit = e->segbuf + initial_segbufsize;
+  e->stacklimit = e->stack + stack_size;
+
+  upb_pb_encoder_reset(e);
+  upb_sink_reset(&e->input_, h, e);
+
+  e->arena = arena;
+  e->output_ = output;
+  e->subc = output.closure;
+  e->ptr = e->buf;
+
+  /* If this fails, increase the value in encoder.h. */
+  UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(upb_arena_bytesallocated(arena) - size_before <=
+                      UPB_PB_ENCODER_SIZE);
+  return e;
+}
+
+upb_sink upb_pb_encoder_input(upb_pb_encoder *e) { return e->input_; }
+/*
+ * upb::pb::TextPrinter
+ *
+ * OPT: This is not optimized at all.  It uses printf() which parses the format
+ * string every time, and it allocates memory for every put.
+ */
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+
+struct upb_textprinter {
+  upb_sink input_;
+  upb_bytessink output_;
+  int indent_depth_;
+  bool single_line_;
+  void *subc;
+};
+
+#define CHECK(x) if ((x) < 0) goto err;
+
+static const char *shortname(const char *longname) {
+  const char *last = strrchr(longname, '.');
+  return last ? last + 1 : longname;
+}
+
+static int indent(upb_textprinter *p) {
+  int i;
+  if (!p->single_line_)
+    for (i = 0; i < p->indent_depth_; i++)
+      upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, "  ", 2, NULL);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int endfield(upb_textprinter *p) {
+  const char ch = (p->single_line_ ? ' ' : '\n');
+  upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, &ch, 1, NULL);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int putescaped(upb_textprinter *p, const char *buf, size_t len,
+                      bool preserve_utf8) {
+  /* Based on CEscapeInternal() from Google's protobuf release. */
+  char dstbuf[4096], *dst = dstbuf, *dstend = dstbuf + sizeof(dstbuf);
+  const char *end = buf + len;
+
+  /* I think hex is prettier and more useful, but proto2 uses octal; should
+   * investigate whether it can parse hex also. */
+  const bool use_hex = false;
+  bool last_hex_escape = false; /* true if last output char was \xNN */
+
+  for (; buf < end; buf++) {
+    bool is_hex_escape;
+
+    if (dstend - dst < 4) {
+      upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, dstbuf, dst - dstbuf, NULL);
+      dst = dstbuf;
+    }
+
+    is_hex_escape = false;
+    switch (*buf) {
+      case '\n': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = 'n';  break;
+      case '\r': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = 'r';  break;
+      case '\t': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = 't';  break;
+      case '\"': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = '\"'; break;
+      case '\'': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = '\''; break;
+      case '\\': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = '\\'; break;
+      default:
+        /* Note that if we emit \xNN and the buf character after that is a hex
+         * digit then that digit must be escaped too to prevent it being
+         * interpreted as part of the character code by C. */
+        if ((!preserve_utf8 || (uint8_t)*buf < 0x80) &&
+            (!isprint(*buf) || (last_hex_escape && isxdigit(*buf)))) {
+          sprintf(dst, (use_hex ? "\\x%02x" : "\\%03o"), (uint8_t)*buf);
+          is_hex_escape = use_hex;
+          dst += 4;
+        } else {
+          *(dst++) = *buf; break;
+        }
+    }
+    last_hex_escape = is_hex_escape;
+  }
+  /* Flush remaining data. */
+  upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, dstbuf, dst - dstbuf, NULL);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+bool putf(upb_textprinter *p, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_list args_copy;
+  char *str;
+  int written;
+  int len;
+  bool ok;
+
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+
+  /* Run once to get the length of the string. */
+  _upb_va_copy(args_copy, args);
+  len = _upb_vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, args_copy);
+  va_end(args_copy);
+
+  /* + 1 for NULL terminator (vsprintf() requires it even if we don't). */
+  str = upb_gmalloc(len + 1);
+  if (!str) return false;
+  written = vsprintf(str, fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  UPB_ASSERT(written == len);
+
+  ok = upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, str, len, NULL);
+  upb_gfree(str);
+  return ok;
+}
+
+
+/* handlers *******************************************************************/
+
+static bool textprinter_startmsg(void *c, const void *hd) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = c;
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  if (p->indent_depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool textprinter_endmsg(void *c, const void *hd, upb_status *s) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = c;
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(s);
+  if (p->indent_depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+#define TYPE(name, ctype, fmt) \
+  static bool textprinter_put ## name(void *closure, const void *handler_data, \
+                                      ctype val) {                             \
+    upb_textprinter *p = closure;                                              \
+    const upb_fielddef *f = handler_data;                                      \
+    CHECK(indent(p));                                                          \
+    putf(p, "%s: " fmt, upb_fielddef_name(f), val);                            \
+    CHECK(endfield(p));                                                        \
+    return true;                                                               \
+  err:                                                                         \
+    return false;                                                              \
+}
+
+static bool textprinter_putbool(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                bool val) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
+  const upb_fielddef *f = handler_data;
+  CHECK(indent(p));
+  putf(p, "%s: %s", upb_fielddef_name(f), val ? "true" : "false");
+  CHECK(endfield(p));
+  return true;
+err:
+  return false;
+}
+
+#define STRINGIFY_HELPER(x) #x
+#define STRINGIFY_MACROVAL(x) STRINGIFY_HELPER(x)
+
+TYPE(int32,  int32_t,  "%" PRId32)
+TYPE(int64,  int64_t,  "%" PRId64)
+TYPE(uint32, uint32_t, "%" PRIu32)
+TYPE(uint64, uint64_t, "%" PRIu64)
+TYPE(float,  float,    "%." STRINGIFY_MACROVAL(FLT_DIG) "g")
+TYPE(double, double,   "%." STRINGIFY_MACROVAL(DBL_DIG) "g")
+
+#undef TYPE
+
+/* Output a symbolic value from the enum if found, else just print as int32. */
+static bool textprinter_putenum(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                int32_t val) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
+  const upb_fielddef *f = handler_data;
+  const upb_enumdef *enum_def = upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(f);
+  const char *label = upb_enumdef_iton(enum_def, val);
+  if (label) {
+    indent(p);
+    putf(p, "%s: %s", upb_fielddef_name(f), label);
+    endfield(p);
+  } else {
+    if (!textprinter_putint32(closure, handler_data, val))
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *textprinter_startstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                      size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
+  const upb_fielddef *f = handler_data;
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  indent(p);
+  putf(p, "%s: \"", upb_fielddef_name(f));
+  return p;
+}
+
+static bool textprinter_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  putf(p, "\"");
+  endfield(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static size_t textprinter_putstr(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf,
+                                 size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
+  const upb_fielddef *f = hd;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+  CHECK(putescaped(p, buf, len, upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_STRING));
+  return len;
+err:
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void *textprinter_startsubmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
+  const char *name = handler_data;
+  CHECK(indent(p));
+  putf(p, "%s {%c", name, p->single_line_ ? ' ' : '\n');
+  p->indent_depth_++;
+  return p;
+err:
+  return UPB_BREAK;
+}
+
+static bool textprinter_endsubmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  p->indent_depth_--;
+  CHECK(indent(p));
+  upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, "}", 1, NULL);
+  CHECK(endfield(p));
+  return true;
+err:
+  return false;
+}
+
+static void onmreg(const void *c, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *m = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  UPB_UNUSED(c);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, textprinter_startmsg, NULL);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, textprinter_endmsg, NULL);
+
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, m);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+    upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+    attr.handler_data = f;
+    switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+      case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+        upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, textprinter_putint32, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+        upb_handlers_setint64(h, f, textprinter_putint64, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+        upb_handlers_setuint32(h, f, textprinter_putuint32, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+        upb_handlers_setuint64(h, f, textprinter_putuint64, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+        upb_handlers_setfloat(h, f, textprinter_putfloat, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+        upb_handlers_setdouble(h, f, textprinter_putdouble, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+        upb_handlers_setbool(h, f, textprinter_putbool, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+        upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, textprinter_startstr, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, textprinter_putstr, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, textprinter_endstr, &attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        const char *name =
+            upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f) == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP
+                ? shortname(upb_msgdef_fullname(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f)))
+                : upb_fielddef_name(f);
+        attr.handler_data = name;
+        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, textprinter_startsubmsg, &attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, f, textprinter_endsubmsg, &attr);
+        break;
+      }
+      case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+        upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, textprinter_putenum, &attr);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void textprinter_reset(upb_textprinter *p, bool single_line) {
+  p->single_line_ = single_line;
+  p->indent_depth_ = 0;
+}
+
+
+/* Public API *****************************************************************/
+
+upb_textprinter *upb_textprinter_create(upb_arena *arena, const upb_handlers *h,
+                                        upb_bytessink output) {
+  upb_textprinter *p = upb_arena_malloc(arena, sizeof(upb_textprinter));
+  if (!p) return NULL;
+
+  p->output_ = output;
+  upb_sink_reset(&p->input_, h, p);
+  textprinter_reset(p, false);
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+upb_handlercache *upb_textprinter_newcache(void) {
+  return upb_handlercache_new(&onmreg, NULL);
+}
+
+upb_sink upb_textprinter_input(upb_textprinter *p) { return p->input_; }
+
+void upb_textprinter_setsingleline(upb_textprinter *p, bool single_line) {
+  p->single_line_ = single_line;
+}
+
+
+/* Index is descriptor type. */
+const uint8_t upb_pb_native_wire_types[] = {
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP,     /* ENDGROUP */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT,         /* DOUBLE */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT,         /* FLOAT */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* INT64 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* UINT64 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* INT32 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT,         /* FIXED64 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT,         /* FIXED32 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* BOOL */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED,     /* STRING */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP,   /* GROUP */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED,     /* MESSAGE */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED,     /* BYTES */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* UINT32 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* ENUM */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT,         /* SFIXED32 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT,         /* SFIXED64 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* SINT32 */
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        /* SINT64 */
+};
+
+/* A basic branch-based decoder, uses 32-bit values to get good performance
+ * on 32-bit architectures (but performs well on 64-bits also).
+ * This scheme comes from the original Google Protobuf implementation
+ * (proto2). */
+upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_max8_branch32(upb_decoderet r) {
+  upb_decoderet err = {NULL, 0};
+  const char *p = r.p;
+  uint32_t low = (uint32_t)r.val;
+  uint32_t high = 0;
+  uint32_t b;
+  b = *(p++); low  |= (b & 0x7fU) << 14; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); low  |= (b & 0x7fU) << 21; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); low  |= (b & 0x7fU) << 28;
+              high  = (b & 0x7fU) >>  4; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) <<  3; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) << 10; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) << 17; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) << 24; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) << 31; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  return err;
+
+done:
+  r.val = ((uint64_t)high << 32) | low;
+  r.p = p;
+  return r;
+}
+
+/* Like the previous, but uses 64-bit values. */
+upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_max8_branch64(upb_decoderet r) {
+  const char *p = r.p;
+  uint64_t val = r.val;
+  uint64_t b;
+  upb_decoderet err = {NULL, 0};
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 14; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 21; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 28; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 35; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 42; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 49; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 56; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 63; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  return err;
+
+done:
+  r.val = val;
+  r.p = p;
+  return r;
+}
+
+#line 1 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+/*
+** upb::json::Parser (upb_json_parser)
+**
+** A parser that uses the Ragel State Machine Compiler to generate
+** the finite automata.
+**
+** Ragel only natively handles regular languages, but we can manually
+** program it a bit to handle context-free languages like JSON, by using
+** the "fcall" and "fret" constructs.
+**
+** This parser can handle the basics, but needs several things to be fleshed
+** out:
+**
+** - handling of unicode escape sequences (including high surrogate pairs).
+** - properly check and report errors for unknown fields, stack overflow,
+**   improper array nesting (or lack of nesting).
+** - handling of base64 sequences with padding characters.
+** - handling of push-back (non-success returns from sink functions).
+** - handling of keys/escape-sequences/etc that span input buffers.
+*/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+
+
+#define UPB_JSON_MAX_DEPTH 64
+
+/* Type of value message */
+enum {
+  VALUE_NULLVALUE   = 0,
+  VALUE_NUMBERVALUE = 1,
+  VALUE_STRINGVALUE = 2,
+  VALUE_BOOLVALUE   = 3,
+  VALUE_STRUCTVALUE = 4,
+  VALUE_LISTVALUE   = 5
+};
+
+/* Forward declare */
+static bool is_top_level(upb_json_parser *p);
+static bool is_wellknown_msg(upb_json_parser *p, upb_wellknowntype_t type);
+static bool is_wellknown_field(upb_json_parser *p, upb_wellknowntype_t type);
+
+static bool is_number_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+static bool does_number_wrapper_start(upb_json_parser *p);
+static bool does_number_wrapper_end(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static bool is_string_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+static bool does_string_wrapper_start(upb_json_parser *p);
+static bool does_string_wrapper_end(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static bool does_fieldmask_start(upb_json_parser *p);
+static bool does_fieldmask_end(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void start_fieldmask_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void end_fieldmask_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void end_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_value_object(upb_json_parser *p, int value_type);
+static void end_value_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_listvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void end_listvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_structvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void end_structvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void end_object(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_any_object(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr);
+static bool end_any_object(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr);
+
+static bool start_subobject(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void end_subobject(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_member(upb_json_parser *p);
+static void end_member(upb_json_parser *p);
+static bool end_membername(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+static void start_any_member(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr);
+static void end_any_member(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr);
+static bool end_any_membername(upb_json_parser *p);
+
+size_t parse(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf, size_t size,
+             const upb_bufhandle *handle);
+static bool end(void *closure, const void *hd);
+
+static const char eof_ch = 'e';
+
+/* stringsink */
+typedef struct {
+  upb_byteshandler handler;
+  upb_bytessink sink;
+  char *ptr;
+  size_t len, size;
+} upb_stringsink;
+
+
+static void *stringsink_start(void *_sink, const void *hd, size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_stringsink *sink = _sink;
+  sink->len = 0;
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  return sink;
+}
+
+static size_t stringsink_string(void *_sink, const void *hd, const char *ptr,
+                                size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_stringsink *sink = _sink;
+  size_t new_size = sink->size;
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+
+  while (sink->len + len > new_size) {
+    new_size *= 2;
+  }
+
+  if (new_size != sink->size) {
+    sink->ptr = realloc(sink->ptr, new_size);
+    sink->size = new_size;
+  }
+
+  memcpy(sink->ptr + sink->len, ptr, len);
+  sink->len += len;
+
+  return len;
+}
+
+void upb_stringsink_init(upb_stringsink *sink) {
+  upb_byteshandler_init(&sink->handler);
+  upb_byteshandler_setstartstr(&sink->handler, stringsink_start, NULL);
+  upb_byteshandler_setstring(&sink->handler, stringsink_string, NULL);
+
+  upb_bytessink_reset(&sink->sink, &sink->handler, sink);
+
+  sink->size = 32;
+  sink->ptr = malloc(sink->size);
+  sink->len = 0;
+}
+
+void upb_stringsink_uninit(upb_stringsink *sink) { free(sink->ptr); }
+
+typedef struct {
+  /* For encoding Any value field in binary format. */
+  upb_handlercache *encoder_handlercache;
+  upb_stringsink stringsink;
+
+  /* For decoding Any value field in json format. */
+  upb_json_codecache *parser_codecache;
+  upb_sink sink;
+  upb_json_parser *parser;
+
+  /* Mark the range of uninterpreted values in json input before type url. */
+  const char *before_type_url_start;
+  const char *before_type_url_end;
+
+  /* Mark the range of uninterpreted values in json input after type url. */
+  const char *after_type_url_start;
+} upb_jsonparser_any_frame;
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_sink sink;
+
+  /* The current message in which we're parsing, and the field whose value we're
+   * expecting next. */
+  const upb_msgdef *m;
+  const upb_fielddef *f;
+
+  /* The table mapping json name to fielddef for this message. */
+  const upb_strtable *name_table;
+
+  /* We are in a repeated-field context. We need this flag to decide whether to
+   * handle the array as a normal repeated field or a
+   * google.protobuf.ListValue/google.protobuf.Value. */
+  bool is_repeated;
+
+  /* We are in a repeated-field context, ready to emit mapentries as
+   * submessages. This flag alters the start-of-object (open-brace) behavior to
+   * begin a sequence of mapentry messages rather than a single submessage. */
+  bool is_map;
+
+  /* We are in a map-entry message context. This flag is set when parsing the
+   * value field of a single map entry and indicates to all value-field parsers
+   * (subobjects, strings, numbers, and bools) that the map-entry submessage
+   * should end as soon as the value is parsed. */
+  bool is_mapentry;
+
+  /* If |is_map| or |is_mapentry| is true, |mapfield| refers to the parent
+   * message's map field that we're currently parsing. This differs from |f|
+   * because |f| is the field in the *current* message (i.e., the map-entry
+   * message itself), not the parent's field that leads to this map. */
+  const upb_fielddef *mapfield;
+
+  /* We are in an Any message context. This flag is set when parsing the Any
+   * message and indicates to all field parsers (subobjects, strings, numbers,
+   * and bools) that the parsed field should be serialized as binary data or
+   * cached (type url not found yet). */
+  bool is_any;
+
+  /* The type of packed message in Any. */
+  upb_jsonparser_any_frame *any_frame;
+
+  /* True if the field to be parsed is unknown. */
+  bool is_unknown_field;
+} upb_jsonparser_frame;
+
+static void init_frame(upb_jsonparser_frame* frame) {
+  frame->m = NULL;
+  frame->f = NULL;
+  frame->name_table = NULL;
+  frame->is_repeated = false;
+  frame->is_map = false;
+  frame->is_mapentry = false;
+  frame->mapfield = NULL;
+  frame->is_any = false;
+  frame->any_frame = NULL;
+  frame->is_unknown_field = false;
+}
+
+struct upb_json_parser {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  const upb_json_parsermethod *method;
+  upb_bytessink input_;
+
+  /* Stack to track the JSON scopes we are in. */
+  upb_jsonparser_frame stack[UPB_JSON_MAX_DEPTH];
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *top;
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *limit;
+
+  upb_status *status;
+
+  /* Ragel's internal parsing stack for the parsing state machine. */
+  int current_state;
+  int parser_stack[UPB_JSON_MAX_DEPTH];
+  int parser_top;
+
+  /* The handle for the current buffer. */
+  const upb_bufhandle *handle;
+
+  /* Accumulate buffer.  See details in parser.rl. */
+  const char *accumulated;
+  size_t accumulated_len;
+  char *accumulate_buf;
+  size_t accumulate_buf_size;
+
+  /* Multi-part text data.  See details in parser.rl. */
+  int multipart_state;
+  upb_selector_t string_selector;
+
+  /* Input capture.  See details in parser.rl. */
+  const char *capture;
+
+  /* Intermediate result of parsing a unicode escape sequence. */
+  uint32_t digit;
+
+  /* For resolve type url in Any. */
+  const upb_symtab *symtab;
+
+  /* Whether to proceed if unknown field is met. */
+  bool ignore_json_unknown;
+
+  /* Cache for parsing timestamp due to base and zone are handled in different
+   * handlers. */
+  struct tm tm;
+};
+
+static upb_jsonparser_frame* start_jsonparser_frame(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+  inner = p->top + 1;
+  init_frame(inner);
+  return inner;
+}
+
+struct upb_json_codecache {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  upb_inttable methods;   /* upb_msgdef* -> upb_json_parsermethod* */
+};
+
+struct upb_json_parsermethod {
+  const upb_json_codecache *cache;
+  upb_byteshandler input_handler_;
+
+  /* Maps json_name -> fielddef */
+  upb_strtable name_table;
+};
+
+#define PARSER_CHECK_RETURN(x) if (!(x)) return false
+
+static upb_jsonparser_any_frame *json_parser_any_frame_new(
+    upb_json_parser *p) {
+  upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame;
+
+  frame = upb_arena_malloc(p->arena, sizeof(upb_jsonparser_any_frame));
+
+  frame->encoder_handlercache = upb_pb_encoder_newcache();
+  frame->parser_codecache = upb_json_codecache_new();
+  frame->parser = NULL;
+  frame->before_type_url_start = NULL;
+  frame->before_type_url_end = NULL;
+  frame->after_type_url_start = NULL;
+
+  upb_stringsink_init(&frame->stringsink);
+
+  return frame;
+}
+
+static void json_parser_any_frame_set_payload_type(
+    upb_json_parser *p,
+    upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame,
+    const upb_msgdef *payload_type) {
+  const upb_handlers *h;
+  const upb_json_parsermethod *parser_method;
+  upb_pb_encoder *encoder;
+
+  /* Initialize encoder. */
+  h = upb_handlercache_get(frame->encoder_handlercache, payload_type);
+  encoder = upb_pb_encoder_create(p->arena, h, frame->stringsink.sink);
+
+  /* Initialize parser. */
+  parser_method = upb_json_codecache_get(frame->parser_codecache, payload_type);
+  upb_sink_reset(&frame->sink, h, encoder);
+  frame->parser =
+      upb_json_parser_create(p->arena, parser_method, p->symtab, frame->sink,
+                             p->status, p->ignore_json_unknown);
+}
+
+static void json_parser_any_frame_free(upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame) {
+  upb_handlercache_free(frame->encoder_handlercache);
+  upb_json_codecache_free(frame->parser_codecache);
+  upb_stringsink_uninit(&frame->stringsink);
+}
+
+static bool json_parser_any_frame_has_type_url(
+  upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame) {
+  return frame->parser != NULL;
+}
+
+static bool json_parser_any_frame_has_value_before_type_url(
+  upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame) {
+  return frame->before_type_url_start != frame->before_type_url_end;
+}
+
+static bool json_parser_any_frame_has_value_after_type_url(
+  upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame) {
+  return frame->after_type_url_start != NULL;
+}
+
+static bool json_parser_any_frame_has_value(
+  upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame) {
+  return json_parser_any_frame_has_value_before_type_url(frame) ||
+         json_parser_any_frame_has_value_after_type_url(frame);
+}
+
+static void json_parser_any_frame_set_before_type_url_end(
+    upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame,
+    const char *ptr) {
+  if (frame->parser == NULL) {
+    frame->before_type_url_end = ptr;
+  }
+}
+
+static void json_parser_any_frame_set_after_type_url_start_once(
+    upb_jsonparser_any_frame *frame,
+    const char *ptr) {
+  if (json_parser_any_frame_has_type_url(frame) &&
+      frame->after_type_url_start == NULL) {
+    frame->after_type_url_start = ptr;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Used to signal that a capture has been suspended. */
+static char suspend_capture;
+
+static upb_selector_t getsel_for_handlertype(upb_json_parser *p,
+                                             upb_handlertype_t type) {
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+  bool ok = upb_handlers_getselector(p->top->f, type, &sel);
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  return sel;
+}
+
+static upb_selector_t parser_getsel(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return getsel_for_handlertype(
+      p, upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(p->top->f));
+}
+
+static bool check_stack(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  if ((p->top + 1) == p->limit) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "Nesting too deep");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void set_name_table(upb_json_parser *p, upb_jsonparser_frame *frame) {
+  upb_value v;
+  const upb_json_codecache *cache = p->method->cache;
+  bool ok;
+  const upb_json_parsermethod *method;
+
+  ok = upb_inttable_lookupptr(&cache->methods, frame->m, &v);
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  method = upb_value_getconstptr(v);
+
+  frame->name_table = &method->name_table;
+}
+
+/* There are GCC/Clang built-ins for overflow checking which we could start
+ * using if there was any performance benefit to it. */
+
+static bool checked_add(size_t a, size_t b, size_t *c) {
+  if (SIZE_MAX - a < b) return false;
+  *c = a + b;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static size_t saturating_multiply(size_t a, size_t b) {
+  /* size_t is unsigned, so this is defined behavior even on overflow. */
+  size_t ret = a * b;
+  if (b != 0 && ret / b != a) {
+    ret = SIZE_MAX;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+
+/* Base64 decoding ************************************************************/
+
+/* TODO(haberman): make this streaming. */
+
+static const signed char b64table[] = {
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      62/*+*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      63/*/ */,
+  52/*0*/, 53/*1*/, 54/*2*/, 55/*3*/, 56/*4*/, 57/*5*/, 58/*6*/, 59/*7*/,
+  60/*8*/, 61/*9*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,       0/*A*/,  1/*B*/,  2/*C*/,  3/*D*/,  4/*E*/,  5/*F*/,  6/*G*/,
+  07/*H*/,  8/*I*/,  9/*J*/, 10/*K*/, 11/*L*/, 12/*M*/, 13/*N*/, 14/*O*/,
+  15/*P*/, 16/*Q*/, 17/*R*/, 18/*S*/, 19/*T*/, 20/*U*/, 21/*V*/, 22/*W*/,
+  23/*X*/, 24/*Y*/, 25/*Z*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      26/*a*/, 27/*b*/, 28/*c*/, 29/*d*/, 30/*e*/, 31/*f*/, 32/*g*/,
+  33/*h*/, 34/*i*/, 35/*j*/, 36/*k*/, 37/*l*/, 38/*m*/, 39/*n*/, 40/*o*/,
+  41/*p*/, 42/*q*/, 43/*r*/, 44/*s*/, 45/*t*/, 46/*u*/, 47/*v*/, 48/*w*/,
+  49/*x*/, 50/*y*/, 51/*z*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1
+};
+
+/* Returns the table value sign-extended to 32 bits.  Knowing that the upper
+ * bits will be 1 for unrecognized characters makes it easier to check for
+ * this error condition later (see below). */
+int32_t b64lookup(unsigned char ch) { return b64table[ch]; }
+
+/* Returns true if the given character is not a valid base64 character or
+ * padding. */
+bool nonbase64(unsigned char ch) { return b64lookup(ch) == -1 && ch != '='; }
+
+static bool base64_push(upb_json_parser *p, upb_selector_t sel, const char *ptr,
+                        size_t len) {
+  const char *limit = ptr + len;
+  for (; ptr < limit; ptr += 4) {
+    uint32_t val;
+    char output[3];
+
+    if (limit - ptr < 4) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+                         "Base64 input for bytes field not a multiple of 4: %s",
+                         upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    val = b64lookup(ptr[0]) << 18 |
+          b64lookup(ptr[1]) << 12 |
+          b64lookup(ptr[2]) << 6  |
+          b64lookup(ptr[3]);
+
+    /* Test the upper bit; returns true if any of the characters returned -1. */
+    if (val & 0x80000000) {
+      goto otherchar;
+    }
+
+    output[0] = val >> 16;
+    output[1] = (val >> 8) & 0xff;
+    output[2] = val & 0xff;
+    upb_sink_putstring(p->top->sink, sel, output, 3, NULL);
+  }
+  return true;
+
+otherchar:
+  if (nonbase64(ptr[0]) || nonbase64(ptr[1]) || nonbase64(ptr[2]) ||
+      nonbase64(ptr[3]) ) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+                       "Non-base64 characters in bytes field: %s",
+                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
+    return false;
+  } if (ptr[2] == '=') {
+    uint32_t val;
+    char output;
+
+    /* Last group contains only two input bytes, one output byte. */
+    if (ptr[0] == '=' || ptr[1] == '=' || ptr[3] != '=') {
+      goto badpadding;
+    }
+
+    val = b64lookup(ptr[0]) << 18 |
+          b64lookup(ptr[1]) << 12;
+
+    UPB_ASSERT(!(val & 0x80000000));
+    output = val >> 16;
+    upb_sink_putstring(p->top->sink, sel, &output, 1, NULL);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    uint32_t val;
+    char output[2];
+
+    /* Last group contains only three input bytes, two output bytes. */
+    if (ptr[0] == '=' || ptr[1] == '=' || ptr[2] == '=') {
+      goto badpadding;
+    }
+
+    val = b64lookup(ptr[0]) << 18 |
+          b64lookup(ptr[1]) << 12 |
+          b64lookup(ptr[2]) << 6;
+
+    output[0] = val >> 16;
+    output[1] = (val >> 8) & 0xff;
+    upb_sink_putstring(p->top->sink, sel, output, 2, NULL);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+badpadding:
+  upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+                     "Incorrect base64 padding for field: %s (%.*s)",
+                     upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f),
+                     4, ptr);
+  return false;
+}
+
+
+/* Accumulate buffer **********************************************************/
+
+/* Functionality for accumulating a buffer.
+ *
+ * Some parts of the parser need an entire value as a contiguous string.  For
+ * example, to look up a member name in a hash table, or to turn a string into
+ * a number, the relevant library routines need the input string to be in
+ * contiguous memory, even if the value spanned two or more buffers in the
+ * input.  These routines handle that.
+ *
+ * In the common case we can just point to the input buffer to get this
+ * contiguous string and avoid any actual copy.  So we optimistically begin
+ * this way.  But there are a few cases where we must instead copy into a
+ * separate buffer:
+ *
+ *   1. The string was not contiguous in the input (it spanned buffers).
+ *
+ *   2. The string included escape sequences that need to be interpreted to get
+ *      the true value in a contiguous buffer. */
+
+static void assert_accumulate_empty(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->accumulated == NULL);
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->accumulated_len == 0);
+}
+
+static void accumulate_clear(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  p->accumulated = NULL;
+  p->accumulated_len = 0;
+}
+
+/* Used internally by accumulate_append(). */
+static bool accumulate_realloc(upb_json_parser *p, size_t need) {
+  void *mem;
+  size_t old_size = p->accumulate_buf_size;
+  size_t new_size = UPB_MAX(old_size, 128);
+  while (new_size < need) {
+    new_size = saturating_multiply(new_size, 2);
+  }
+
+  mem = upb_arena_realloc(p->arena, p->accumulate_buf, old_size, new_size);
+  if (!mem) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "Out of memory allocating buffer.");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  p->accumulate_buf = mem;
+  p->accumulate_buf_size = new_size;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Logically appends the given data to the append buffer.
+ * If "can_alias" is true, we will try to avoid actually copying, but the buffer
+ * must be valid until the next accumulate_append() call (if any). */
+static bool accumulate_append(upb_json_parser *p, const char *buf, size_t len,
+                              bool can_alias) {
+  size_t need;
+
+  if (!p->accumulated && can_alias) {
+    p->accumulated = buf;
+    p->accumulated_len = len;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!checked_add(p->accumulated_len, len, &need)) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "Integer overflow.");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (need > p->accumulate_buf_size && !accumulate_realloc(p, need)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (p->accumulated != p->accumulate_buf) {
+    memcpy(p->accumulate_buf, p->accumulated, p->accumulated_len);
+    p->accumulated = p->accumulate_buf;
+  }
+
+  memcpy(p->accumulate_buf + p->accumulated_len, buf, len);
+  p->accumulated_len += len;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Returns a pointer to the data accumulated since the last accumulate_clear()
+ * call, and writes the length to *len.  This with point either to the input
+ * buffer or a temporary accumulate buffer. */
+static const char *accumulate_getptr(upb_json_parser *p, size_t *len) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->accumulated);
+  *len = p->accumulated_len;
+  return p->accumulated;
+}
+
+
+/* Mult-part text data ********************************************************/
+
+/* When we have text data in the input, it can often come in multiple segments.
+ * For example, there may be some raw string data followed by an escape
+ * sequence.  The two segments are processed with different logic.  Also buffer
+ * seams in the input can cause multiple segments.
+ *
+ * As we see segments, there are two main cases for how we want to process them:
+ *
+ *  1. we want to push the captured input directly to string handlers.
+ *
+ *  2. we need to accumulate all the parts into a contiguous buffer for further
+ *     processing (field name lookup, string->number conversion, etc). */
+
+/* This is the set of states for p->multipart_state. */
+enum {
+  /* We are not currently processing multipart data. */
+  MULTIPART_INACTIVE = 0,
+
+  /* We are processing multipart data by accumulating it into a contiguous
+   * buffer. */
+  MULTIPART_ACCUMULATE = 1,
+
+  /* We are processing multipart data by pushing each part directly to the
+   * current string handlers. */
+  MULTIPART_PUSHEAGERLY = 2
+};
+
+/* Start a multi-part text value where we accumulate the data for processing at
+ * the end. */
+static void multipart_startaccum(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  assert_accumulate_empty(p);
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->multipart_state == MULTIPART_INACTIVE);
+  p->multipart_state = MULTIPART_ACCUMULATE;
+}
+
+/* Start a multi-part text value where we immediately push text data to a string
+ * value with the given selector. */
+static void multipart_start(upb_json_parser *p, upb_selector_t sel) {
+  assert_accumulate_empty(p);
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->multipart_state == MULTIPART_INACTIVE);
+  p->multipart_state = MULTIPART_PUSHEAGERLY;
+  p->string_selector = sel;
+}
+
+static bool multipart_text(upb_json_parser *p, const char *buf, size_t len,
+                           bool can_alias) {
+  switch (p->multipart_state) {
+    case MULTIPART_INACTIVE:
+      upb_status_seterrmsg(
+          p->status, "Internal error: unexpected state MULTIPART_INACTIVE");
+      return false;
+
+    case MULTIPART_ACCUMULATE:
+      if (!accumulate_append(p, buf, len, can_alias)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case MULTIPART_PUSHEAGERLY: {
+      const upb_bufhandle *handle = can_alias ? p->handle : NULL;
+      upb_sink_putstring(p->top->sink, p->string_selector, buf, len, handle);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Note: this invalidates the accumulate buffer!  Call only after reading its
+ * contents. */
+static void multipart_end(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->multipart_state != MULTIPART_INACTIVE);
+  p->multipart_state = MULTIPART_INACTIVE;
+  accumulate_clear(p);
+}
+
+
+/* Input capture **************************************************************/
+
+/* Functionality for capturing a region of the input as text.  Gracefully
+ * handles the case where a buffer seam occurs in the middle of the captured
+ * region. */
+
+static void capture_begin(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->multipart_state != MULTIPART_INACTIVE);
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->capture == NULL);
+  p->capture = ptr;
+}
+
+static bool capture_end(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->capture);
+  if (multipart_text(p, p->capture, ptr - p->capture, true)) {
+    p->capture = NULL;
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+/* This is called at the end of each input buffer (ie. when we have hit a
+ * buffer seam).  If we are in the middle of capturing the input, this
+ * processes the unprocessed capture region. */
+static void capture_suspend(upb_json_parser *p, const char **ptr) {
+  if (!p->capture) return;
+
+  if (multipart_text(p, p->capture, *ptr - p->capture, false)) {
+    /* We use this as a signal that we were in the middle of capturing, and
+     * that capturing should resume at the beginning of the next buffer.
+     * 
+     * We can't use *ptr here, because we have no guarantee that this pointer
+     * will be valid when we resume (if the underlying memory is freed, then
+     * using the pointer at all, even to compare to NULL, is likely undefined
+     * behavior). */
+    p->capture = &suspend_capture;
+  } else {
+    /* Need to back up the pointer to the beginning of the capture, since
+     * we were not able to actually preserve it. */
+    *ptr = p->capture;
+  }
+}
+
+static void capture_resume(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (p->capture) {
+    UPB_ASSERT(p->capture == &suspend_capture);
+    p->capture = ptr;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* Callbacks from the parser **************************************************/
+
+/* These are the functions called directly from the parser itself.
+ * We define these in the same order as their declarations in the parser. */
+
+static char escape_char(char in) {
+  switch (in) {
+    case 'r': return '\r';
+    case 't': return '\t';
+    case 'n': return '\n';
+    case 'f': return '\f';
+    case 'b': return '\b';
+    case '/': return '/';
+    case '"': return '"';
+    case '\\': return '\\';
+    default:
+      UPB_ASSERT(0);
+      return 'x';
+  }
+}
+
+static bool escape(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  char ch = escape_char(*ptr);
+  return multipart_text(p, &ch, 1, false);
+}
+
+static void start_hex(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  p->digit = 0;
+}
+
+static void hexdigit(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  char ch = *ptr;
+
+  p->digit <<= 4;
+
+  if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
+    p->digit += (ch - '0');
+  } else if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f') {
+    p->digit += ((ch - 'a') + 10);
+  } else {
+    UPB_ASSERT(ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F');
+    p->digit += ((ch - 'A') + 10);
+  }
+}
+
+static bool end_hex(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  uint32_t codepoint = p->digit;
+
+  /* emit the codepoint as UTF-8. */
+  char utf8[3]; /* support \u0000 -- \uFFFF -- need only three bytes. */
+  int length = 0;
+  if (codepoint <= 0x7F) {
+    utf8[0] = codepoint;
+    length = 1;
+  } else if (codepoint <= 0x07FF) {
+    utf8[1] = (codepoint & 0x3F) | 0x80;
+    codepoint >>= 6;
+    utf8[0] = (codepoint & 0x1F) | 0xC0;
+    length = 2;
+  } else /* codepoint <= 0xFFFF */ {
+    utf8[2] = (codepoint & 0x3F) | 0x80;
+    codepoint >>= 6;
+    utf8[1] = (codepoint & 0x3F) | 0x80;
+    codepoint >>= 6;
+    utf8[0] = (codepoint & 0x0F) | 0xE0;
+    length = 3;
+  }
+  /* TODO(haberman): Handle high surrogates: if codepoint is a high surrogate
+   * we have to wait for the next escape to get the full code point). */
+
+  return multipart_text(p, utf8, length, false);
+}
+
+static void start_text(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_text(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  return capture_end(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool start_number(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (is_top_level(p)) {
+    if (is_number_wrapper_object(p)) {
+      start_wrapper_object(p);
+    } else if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+      start_value_object(p, VALUE_NUMBERVALUE);
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else if (does_number_wrapper_start(p)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_wrapper_object(p);
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_value_object(p, VALUE_NUMBERVALUE);
+  }
+
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool parse_number(upb_json_parser *p, bool is_quoted);
+
+static bool end_number_nontop(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->f == NULL) {
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return parse_number(p, false);
+}
+
+static bool end_number(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!end_number_nontop(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (does_number_wrapper_end(p)) {
+    end_wrapper_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    end_value_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* |buf| is NULL-terminated. |buf| itself will never include quotes;
+ * |is_quoted| tells us whether this text originally appeared inside quotes. */
+static bool parse_number_from_buffer(upb_json_parser *p, const char *buf,
+                                     bool is_quoted) {
+  size_t len = strlen(buf);
+  const char *bufend = buf + len;
+  char *end;
+  upb_fieldtype_t type = upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f);
+  double val;
+  double dummy;
+  double inf = UPB_INFINITY;
+
+  errno = 0;
+
+  if (len == 0 || buf[0] == ' ') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* For integer types, first try parsing with integer-specific routines.
+   * If these succeed, they will be more accurate for int64/uint64 than
+   * strtod().
+   */
+  switch (type) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32: {
+      long val = strtol(buf, &end, 0);
+      if (errno == ERANGE || end != bufend) {
+        break;
+      } else if (val > INT32_MAX || val < INT32_MIN) {
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        upb_sink_putint32(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32: {
+      unsigned long val = strtoul(buf, &end, 0);
+      if (end != bufend) {
+        break;
+      } else if (val > UINT32_MAX || errno == ERANGE) {
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        upb_sink_putuint32(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    /* XXX: We can't handle [u]int64 properly on 32-bit machines because
+     * strto[u]ll isn't in C89. */
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64: {
+      long val = strtol(buf, &end, 0);
+      if (errno == ERANGE || end != bufend) {
+        break;
+      } else {
+        upb_sink_putint64(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64: {
+      unsigned long val = strtoul(p->accumulated, &end, 0);
+      if (end != bufend) {
+        break;
+      } else if (errno == ERANGE) {
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        upb_sink_putuint64(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (type != UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE && type != UPB_TYPE_FLOAT && is_quoted) {
+    /* Quoted numbers for integer types are not allowed to be in double form. */
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (len == strlen("Infinity") && strcmp(buf, "Infinity") == 0) {
+    /* C89 does not have an INFINITY macro. */
+    val = inf;
+  } else if (len == strlen("-Infinity") && strcmp(buf, "-Infinity") == 0) {
+    val = -inf;
+  } else {
+    val = strtod(buf, &end);
+    if (errno == ERANGE || end != bufend) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  switch (type) {
+#define CASE(capitaltype, smalltype, ctype, min, max)                     \
+    case UPB_TYPE_ ## capitaltype: {                                      \
+      if (modf(val, &dummy) != 0 || val > max || val < min) {             \
+        return false;                                                     \
+      } else {                                                            \
+        upb_sink_put ## smalltype(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p),        \
+                                  (ctype)val);                            \
+        return true;                                                      \
+      }                                                                   \
+      break;                                                              \
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+    CASE(INT32, int32, int32_t, INT32_MIN, INT32_MAX);
+    CASE(INT64, int64, int64_t, INT64_MIN, INT64_MAX);
+    CASE(UINT32, uint32, uint32_t, 0, UINT32_MAX);
+    CASE(UINT64, uint64, uint64_t, 0, UINT64_MAX);
+#undef CASE
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      upb_sink_putdouble(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
+      return true;
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      if ((val > FLT_MAX || val < -FLT_MAX) && val != inf && val != -inf) {
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        upb_sink_putfloat(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
+        return true;
+      }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool parse_number(upb_json_parser *p, bool is_quoted) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf;
+
+  /* strtol() and friends unfortunately do not support specifying the length of
+   * the input string, so we need to force a copy into a NULL-terminated buffer. */
+  if (!multipart_text(p, "\0", 1, false)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+
+  if (parse_number_from_buffer(p, buf, is_quoted)) {
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing number: %s", buf);
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool parser_putbool(upb_json_parser *p, bool val) {
+  bool ok;
+
+  if (p->top->f == NULL) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f) != UPB_TYPE_BOOL) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+                       "Boolean value specified for non-bool field: %s",
+                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  ok = upb_sink_putbool(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
+  UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool end_bool(upb_json_parser *p, bool val) {
+  if (is_top_level(p)) {
+    if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE)) {
+      start_wrapper_object(p);
+    } else if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+      start_value_object(p, VALUE_BOOLVALUE);
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_wrapper_object(p);
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_value_object(p, VALUE_BOOLVALUE);
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->is_unknown_field) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!parser_putbool(p, val)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE)) {
+    end_wrapper_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    end_value_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool end_null(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  const char *zero_ptr = "0";
+
+  if (is_top_level(p)) {
+    if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+      start_value_object(p, VALUE_NULLVALUE);
+    } else {
+      return true;
+    }
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_value_object(p, VALUE_NULLVALUE);
+  } else {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /* Fill null_value field. */
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+  capture_begin(p, zero_ptr);
+  capture_end(p, zero_ptr + 1);
+  parse_number(p, false);
+
+  end_value_object(p);
+  if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+    end_subobject(p);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool start_any_stringval(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool start_stringval(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  if (is_top_level(p)) {
+    if (is_string_wrapper_object(p) ||
+        is_number_wrapper_object(p)) {
+      start_wrapper_object(p);
+    } else if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK)) {
+      start_fieldmask_object(p);
+      return true;
+    } else if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP) ||
+               is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION)) {
+      start_object(p);
+    } else if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+      start_value_object(p, VALUE_STRINGVALUE);
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else if (does_string_wrapper_start(p) ||
+             does_number_wrapper_start(p)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_wrapper_object(p);
+  } else if (does_fieldmask_start(p)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_fieldmask_object(p);
+    return true;
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP) ||
+             is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_object(p);
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    start_value_object(p, VALUE_STRINGVALUE);
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->f == NULL) {
+    multipart_startaccum(p);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->is_any) {
+    return start_any_stringval(p);
+  }
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_isstring(p->top->f)) {
+    upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+    upb_selector_t sel;
+
+    if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+
+    /* Start a new parser frame: parser frames correspond one-to-one with
+     * handler frames, and string events occur in a sub-frame. */
+    inner = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+    sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
+    upb_sink_startstr(p->top->sink, sel, 0, &inner->sink);
+    inner->m = p->top->m;
+    inner->f = p->top->f;
+    p->top = inner;
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f) == UPB_TYPE_STRING) {
+      /* For STRING fields we push data directly to the handlers as it is
+       * parsed.  We don't do this yet for BYTES fields, because our base64
+       * decoder is not streaming.
+       *
+       * TODO(haberman): make base64 decoding streaming also. */
+      multipart_start(p, getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING));
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      multipart_startaccum(p);
+      return true;
+    }
+  } else if (upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f) != UPB_TYPE_BOOL &&
+             upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f) != UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    /* No need to push a frame -- numeric values in quotes remain in the
+     * current parser frame.  These values must accmulate so we can convert
+     * them all at once at the end. */
+    multipart_startaccum(p);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+                       "String specified for bool or submessage field: %s",
+                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool end_any_stringval(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+
+  /* Set type_url */
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+  if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+  inner = p->top + 1;
+
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
+  upb_sink_startstr(p->top->sink, sel, 0, &inner->sink);
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING);
+  upb_sink_putstring(inner->sink, sel, buf, len, NULL);
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
+  upb_sink_endstr(inner->sink, sel);
+
+  multipart_end(p);
+
+  /* Resolve type url */
+  if (strncmp(buf, "type.googleapis.com/", 20) == 0 && len > 20) {
+    const upb_msgdef *payload_type = NULL;
+    buf += 20;
+    len -= 20;
+
+    payload_type = upb_symtab_lookupmsg2(p->symtab, buf, len);
+    if (payload_type == NULL) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(
+          p->status, "Cannot find packed type: %.*s\n", (int)len, buf);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    json_parser_any_frame_set_payload_type(p, p->top->any_frame, payload_type);
+
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    upb_status_seterrf(
+        p->status, "Invalid type url: %.*s\n", (int)len, buf);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool end_stringval_nontop(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  bool ok = true;
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP) ||
+      is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION)) {
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->f == NULL) {
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->is_any) {
+    return end_any_stringval(p);
+  }
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      if (!base64_push(p, getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING),
+                       p->accumulated, p->accumulated_len)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      /* Fall through. */
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING: {
+      upb_selector_t sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
+      upb_sink_endstr(p->top->sink, sel);
+      p->top--;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      /* Resolve enum symbolic name to integer value. */
+      const upb_enumdef *enumdef = upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(p->top->f);
+
+      size_t len;
+      const char *buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+
+      int32_t int_val = 0;
+      ok = upb_enumdef_ntoi(enumdef, buf, len, &int_val);
+
+      if (ok) {
+        upb_selector_t sel = parser_getsel(p);
+        upb_sink_putint32(p->top->sink, sel, int_val);
+      } else {
+        upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "Enum value unknown: '%.*s'", len, buf);
+      }
+
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      ok = parse_number(p, true);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      UPB_ASSERT(false);
+      upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "Internal error in JSON decoder");
+      ok = false;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  multipart_end(p);
+
+  return ok;
+}
+
+static bool end_stringval(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  /* FieldMask's stringvals have been ended when handling them. Only need to
+   * close FieldMask here.*/
+  if (does_fieldmask_end(p)) {
+    end_fieldmask_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!end_stringval_nontop(p)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (does_string_wrapper_end(p) ||
+      does_number_wrapper_end(p)) {
+    end_wrapper_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    end_value_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP) ||
+      is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION) ||
+      is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK)) {
+    end_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_duration_base(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_duration_base(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf;
+  char seconds_buf[14];
+  char nanos_buf[12];
+  char *end;
+  int64_t seconds = 0;
+  int32_t nanos = 0;
+  double val = 0.0;
+  const char *seconds_membername = "seconds";
+  const char *nanos_membername = "nanos";
+  size_t fraction_start;
+
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+
+  memset(seconds_buf, 0, 14);
+  memset(nanos_buf, 0, 12);
+
+  /* Find out base end. The maximus duration is 315576000000, which cannot be
+   * represented by double without losing precision. Thus, we need to handle
+   * fraction and base separately. */
+  for (fraction_start = 0; fraction_start < len && buf[fraction_start] != '.';
+       fraction_start++);
+
+  /* Parse base */
+  memcpy(seconds_buf, buf, fraction_start);
+  seconds = strtol(seconds_buf, &end, 10);
+  if (errno == ERANGE || end != seconds_buf + fraction_start) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing duration: %s",
+                       seconds_buf);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (seconds > 315576000000) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing duration: "
+                                   "maximum acceptable value is "
+                                   "315576000000");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (seconds < -315576000000) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing duration: "
+                                   "minimum acceptable value is "
+                                   "-315576000000");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* Parse fraction */
+  nanos_buf[0] = '0';
+  memcpy(nanos_buf + 1, buf + fraction_start, len - fraction_start);
+  val = strtod(nanos_buf, &end);
+  if (errno == ERANGE || end != nanos_buf + len - fraction_start + 1) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing duration: %s",
+                       nanos_buf);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  nanos = val * 1000000000;
+  if (seconds < 0) nanos = -nanos;
+
+  /* Clean up buffer */
+  multipart_end(p);
+
+  /* Set seconds */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, seconds_membername);
+  capture_end(p, seconds_membername + 7);
+  end_membername(p);
+  upb_sink_putint64(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), seconds);
+  end_member(p);
+
+  /* Set nanos */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, nanos_membername);
+  capture_end(p, nanos_membername + 5);
+  end_membername(p);
+  upb_sink_putint32(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), nanos);
+  end_member(p);
+
+  /* Continue previous arena */
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static int parse_timestamp_number(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf;
+  int val;
+
+  /* atoi() and friends unfortunately do not support specifying the length of
+   * the input string, so we need to force a copy into a NULL-terminated buffer. */
+  multipart_text(p, "\0", 1, false);
+
+  buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+  val = atoi(buf);
+  multipart_end(p);
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+
+  return val;
+}
+
+static void start_year(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_year(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  p->tm.tm_year = parse_timestamp_number(p) - 1900;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_month(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_month(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  p->tm.tm_mon = parse_timestamp_number(p) - 1;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_day(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_day(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  p->tm.tm_mday = parse_timestamp_number(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_hour(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_hour(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  p->tm.tm_hour = parse_timestamp_number(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_minute(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_minute(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  p->tm.tm_min = parse_timestamp_number(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_second(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_second(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  p->tm.tm_sec = parse_timestamp_number(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_timestamp_base(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  memset(&p->tm, 0, sizeof(struct tm));
+}
+
+static void start_timestamp_fraction(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_timestamp_fraction(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf;
+  char nanos_buf[12];
+  char *end;
+  double val = 0.0;
+  int32_t nanos;
+  const char *nanos_membername = "nanos";
+
+  memset(nanos_buf, 0, 12);
+
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+
+  if (len > 10) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+        "error parsing timestamp: at most 9-digit fraction.");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* Parse nanos */
+  nanos_buf[0] = '0';
+  memcpy(nanos_buf + 1, buf, len);
+  val = strtod(nanos_buf, &end);
+
+  if (errno == ERANGE || end != nanos_buf + len + 1) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing timestamp nanos: %s",
+                       nanos_buf);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  nanos = val * 1000000000;
+
+  /* Clean up previous environment */
+  multipart_end(p);
+
+  /* Set nanos */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, nanos_membername);
+  capture_end(p, nanos_membername + 5);
+  end_membername(p);
+  upb_sink_putint32(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), nanos);
+  end_member(p);
+
+  /* Continue previous environment */
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_timestamp_zone(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+/* epoch_days(1970, 1, 1) == 1970-01-01 == 0. */
+static int epoch_days(int year, int month, int day) {
+  static const uint16_t month_yday[12] = {0,   31,  59,  90,  120, 151,
+                                          181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334};
+  int febs_since_0 = month > 2 ? year + 1 : year;
+  int leap_days_since_0 = div_round_up(febs_since_0, 4) -
+                          div_round_up(febs_since_0, 100) +
+                          div_round_up(febs_since_0, 400);
+  int days_since_0 =
+      365 * year + month_yday[month - 1] + (day - 1) + leap_days_since_0;
+
+  /* Convert from 0-epoch (0001-01-01 BC) to Unix Epoch (1970-01-01 AD).
+   * Since the "BC" system does not have a year zero, 1 BC == year zero. */
+  return days_since_0 - 719528;
+}
+
+static int64_t upb_timegm(const struct tm *tp) {
+  int64_t ret = epoch_days(tp->tm_year + 1900, tp->tm_mon + 1, tp->tm_mday);
+  ret = (ret * 24) + tp->tm_hour;
+  ret = (ret * 60) + tp->tm_min;
+  ret = (ret * 60) + tp->tm_sec;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static bool end_timestamp_zone(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf;
+  int hours;
+  int64_t seconds;
+  const char *seconds_membername = "seconds";
+
+  if (!capture_end(p, ptr)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+
+  if (buf[0] != 'Z') {
+    if (sscanf(buf + 1, "%2d:00", &hours) != 1) {
+      upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing timestamp offset");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (buf[0] == '+') {
+      hours = -hours;
+    }
+
+    p->tm.tm_hour += hours;
+  }
+
+  /* Normalize tm */
+  seconds = upb_timegm(&p->tm);
+
+  /* Check timestamp boundary */
+  if (seconds < -62135596800) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "error parsing timestamp: "
+                                   "minimum acceptable value is "
+                                   "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* Clean up previous environment */
+  multipart_end(p);
+
+  /* Set seconds */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, seconds_membername);
+  capture_end(p, seconds_membername + 7);
+  end_membername(p);
+  upb_sink_putint64(p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), seconds);
+  end_member(p);
+
+  /* Continue previous environment */
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_fieldmask_path_text(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  capture_begin(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool end_fieldmask_path_text(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  return capture_end(p, ptr);
+}
+
+static bool start_fieldmask_path(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+
+  if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+
+  /* Start a new parser frame: parser frames correspond one-to-one with
+   * handler frames, and string events occur in a sub-frame. */
+  inner = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
+  upb_sink_startstr(p->top->sink, sel, 0, &inner->sink);
+  inner->m = p->top->m;
+  inner->f = p->top->f;
+  p->top = inner;
+
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool lower_camel_push(
+    upb_json_parser *p, upb_selector_t sel, const char *ptr, size_t len) {
+  const char *limit = ptr + len;
+  bool first = true;
+  for (;ptr < limit; ptr++) {
+    if (*ptr >= 'A' && *ptr <= 'Z' && !first) {
+      char lower = tolower(*ptr);
+      upb_sink_putstring(p->top->sink, sel, "_", 1, NULL);
+      upb_sink_putstring(p->top->sink, sel, &lower, 1, NULL);
+    } else {
+      upb_sink_putstring(p->top->sink, sel, ptr, 1, NULL);
+    }
+    first = false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool end_fieldmask_path(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+
+  if (!lower_camel_push(
+           p, getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING),
+           p->accumulated, p->accumulated_len)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
+  upb_sink_endstr(p->top->sink, sel);
+  p->top--;
+
+  multipart_end(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void start_member(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!p->top->f);
+  multipart_startaccum(p);
+}
+
+/* Helper: invoked during parse_mapentry() to emit the mapentry message's key
+ * field based on the current contents of the accumulate buffer. */
+static bool parse_mapentry_key(upb_json_parser *p) {
+
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+
+  /* Emit the key field. We do a bit of ad-hoc parsing here because the
+   * parser state machine has already decided that this is a string field
+   * name, and we are reinterpreting it as some arbitrary key type. In
+   * particular, integer and bool keys are quoted, so we need to parse the
+   * quoted string contents here. */
+
+  p->top->f = upb_msgdef_itof(p->top->m, UPB_MAPENTRY_KEY);
+  if (p->top->f == NULL) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "mapentry message has no key");
+    return false;
+  }
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      /* Invoke end_number. The accum buffer has the number's text already. */
+      if (!parse_number(p, true)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      if (len == 4 && !strncmp(buf, "true", 4)) {
+        if (!parser_putbool(p, true)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      } else if (len == 5 && !strncmp(buf, "false", 5)) {
+        if (!parser_putbool(p, false)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      } else {
+        upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status,
+                             "Map bool key not 'true' or 'false'");
+        return false;
+      }
+      multipart_end(p);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      upb_sink subsink;
+      upb_selector_t sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
+      upb_sink_startstr(p->top->sink, sel, len, &subsink);
+      sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING);
+      upb_sink_putstring(subsink, sel, buf, len, NULL);
+      sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
+      upb_sink_endstr(subsink, sel);
+      multipart_end(p);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "Invalid field type for map key");
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Helper: emit one map entry (as a submessage in the map field sequence). This
+ * is invoked from end_membername(), at the end of the map entry's key string,
+ * with the map key in the accumulate buffer. It parses the key from that
+ * buffer, emits the handler calls to start the mapentry submessage (setting up
+ * its subframe in the process), and sets up state in the subframe so that the
+ * value parser (invoked next) will emit the mapentry's value field and then
+ * end the mapentry message. */
+
+static bool handle_mapentry(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  const upb_fielddef *mapfield;
+  const upb_msgdef *mapentrymsg;
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+
+  /* Map entry: p->top->sink is the seq frame, so we need to start a frame
+   * for the mapentry itself, and then set |f| in that frame so that the map
+   * value field is parsed, and also set a flag to end the frame after the
+   * map-entry value is parsed. */
+  if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+
+  mapfield = p->top->mapfield;
+  mapentrymsg = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(mapfield);
+
+  inner = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+  p->top->f = mapfield;
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG);
+  upb_sink_startsubmsg(p->top->sink, sel, &inner->sink);
+  inner->m = mapentrymsg;
+  inner->mapfield = mapfield;
+
+  /* Don't set this to true *yet* -- we reuse parsing handlers below to push
+   * the key field value to the sink, and these handlers will pop the frame
+   * if they see is_mapentry (when invoked by the parser state machine, they
+   * would have just seen the map-entry value, not key). */
+  inner->is_mapentry = false;
+  p->top = inner;
+
+  /* send STARTMSG in submsg frame. */
+  upb_sink_startmsg(p->top->sink);
+
+  parse_mapentry_key(p);
+
+  /* Set up the value field to receive the map-entry value. */
+  p->top->f = upb_msgdef_itof(p->top->m, UPB_MAPENTRY_VALUE);
+  p->top->is_mapentry = true;  /* set up to pop frame after value is parsed. */
+  p->top->mapfield = mapfield;
+  if (p->top->f == NULL) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "mapentry message has no value");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool end_membername(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!p->top->f);
+
+  if (!p->top->m) {
+    p->top->is_unknown_field = true;
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->is_any) {
+    return end_any_membername(p);
+  } else if (p->top->is_map) {
+    return handle_mapentry(p);
+  } else {
+    size_t len;
+    const char *buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+    upb_value v;
+
+    if (upb_strtable_lookup2(p->top->name_table, buf, len, &v)) {
+      p->top->f = upb_value_getconstptr(v);
+      multipart_end(p);
+
+      return true;
+    } else if (p->ignore_json_unknown) {
+      p->top->is_unknown_field = true;
+      multipart_end(p);
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "No such field: %.*s\n", (int)len, buf);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static bool end_any_membername(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *buf = accumulate_getptr(p, &len);
+  upb_value v;
+
+  if (len == 5 && strncmp(buf, "@type", len) == 0) {
+    upb_strtable_lookup2(p->top->name_table, "type_url", 8, &v);
+    p->top->f = upb_value_getconstptr(v);
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    p->top->is_unknown_field = true;
+    multipart_end(p);
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+static void end_member(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  /* If we just parsed a map-entry value, end that frame too. */
+  if (p->top->is_mapentry) {
+    upb_selector_t sel;
+    bool ok;
+    const upb_fielddef *mapfield;
+
+    UPB_ASSERT(p->top > p->stack);
+    /* send ENDMSG on submsg. */
+    upb_sink_endmsg(p->top->sink, p->status);
+    mapfield = p->top->mapfield;
+
+    /* send ENDSUBMSG in repeated-field-of-mapentries frame. */
+    p->top--;
+    ok = upb_handlers_getselector(mapfield, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG, &sel);
+    UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+    upb_sink_endsubmsg(p->top->sink, sel);
+  }
+
+  p->top->f = NULL;
+  p->top->is_unknown_field = false;
+}
+
+static void start_any_member(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  start_member(p);
+  json_parser_any_frame_set_after_type_url_start_once(p->top->any_frame, ptr);
+}
+
+static void end_any_member(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  json_parser_any_frame_set_before_type_url_end(p->top->any_frame, ptr);
+  end_member(p);
+}
+
+static bool start_subobject(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  if (p->top->is_unknown_field) {
+    if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+
+    p->top = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (upb_fielddef_ismap(p->top->f)) {
+    upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+    upb_selector_t sel;
+
+    /* Beginning of a map. Start a new parser frame in a repeated-field
+     * context. */
+    if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+
+    inner = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+    sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ);
+    upb_sink_startseq(p->top->sink, sel, &inner->sink);
+    inner->m = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(p->top->f);
+    inner->mapfield = p->top->f;
+    inner->is_map = true;
+    p->top = inner;
+
+    return true;
+  } else if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(p->top->f)) {
+    upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+    upb_selector_t sel;
+
+    /* Beginning of a subobject. Start a new parser frame in the submsg
+     * context. */
+    if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+
+    inner = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+    sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG);
+    upb_sink_startsubmsg(p->top->sink, sel, &inner->sink);
+    inner->m = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(p->top->f);
+    set_name_table(p, inner);
+    p->top = inner;
+
+    if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY)) {
+      p->top->is_any = true;
+      p->top->any_frame = json_parser_any_frame_new(p);
+    } else {
+      p->top->is_any = false;
+      p->top->any_frame = NULL;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+                       "Object specified for non-message/group field: %s",
+                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool start_subobject_full(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  if (is_top_level(p)) {
+    if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+      start_value_object(p, VALUE_STRUCTVALUE);
+      if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+      start_structvalue_object(p);
+    } else if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRUCT)) {
+      start_structvalue_object(p);
+    } else {
+      return true;
+    }
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRUCT)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+    start_structvalue_object(p);
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+    start_value_object(p, VALUE_STRUCTVALUE);
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+    start_structvalue_object(p);
+  }
+
+  return start_subobject(p);
+}
+
+static void end_subobject(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  if (is_top_level(p)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->is_map) {
+    upb_selector_t sel;
+    p->top--;
+    sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);
+    upb_sink_endseq(p->top->sink, sel);
+  } else {
+    upb_selector_t sel;
+    bool is_unknown = p->top->m == NULL;
+    p->top--;
+    if (!is_unknown) {
+      sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG);
+      upb_sink_endsubmsg(p->top->sink, sel);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void end_subobject_full(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  end_subobject(p);
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRUCT)) {
+    end_structvalue_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    end_value_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static bool start_array(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+
+  if (is_top_level(p)) {
+    if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+      start_value_object(p, VALUE_LISTVALUE);
+      if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+      start_listvalue_object(p);
+    } else if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE)) {
+      start_listvalue_object(p);
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE) &&
+             (!upb_fielddef_isseq(p->top->f) ||
+              p->top->is_repeated)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+    start_listvalue_object(p);
+  } else if (is_wellknown_field(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE) &&
+             (!upb_fielddef_isseq(p->top->f) ||
+              p->top->is_repeated)) {
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+    start_value_object(p, VALUE_LISTVALUE);
+    if (!start_subobject(p)) return false;
+    start_listvalue_object(p);
+  }
+
+  if (p->top->is_unknown_field) {
+    inner = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+    inner->is_unknown_field = true;
+    p->top = inner;
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!upb_fielddef_isseq(p->top->f)) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
+                       "Array specified for non-repeated field: %s",
+                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+
+  inner = start_jsonparser_frame(p);
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ);
+  upb_sink_startseq(p->top->sink, sel, &inner->sink);
+  inner->m = p->top->m;
+  inner->f = p->top->f;
+  inner->is_repeated = true;
+  p->top = inner;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void end_array(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+
+  UPB_ASSERT(p->top > p->stack);
+
+  p->top--;
+
+  if (p->top->is_unknown_field) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);
+  upb_sink_endseq(p->top->sink, sel);
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE)) {
+    end_listvalue_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE)) {
+    end_value_object(p);
+    if (!is_top_level(p)) {
+      end_subobject(p);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void start_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  if (!p->top->is_map && p->top->m != NULL) {
+    upb_sink_startmsg(p->top->sink);
+  }
+}
+
+static void end_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  if (!p->top->is_map && p->top->m != NULL) {
+    upb_sink_endmsg(p->top->sink, p->status);
+  }
+}
+
+static void start_any_object(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  start_object(p);
+  p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start = ptr;
+  p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_end = ptr;
+}
+
+static bool end_any_object(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
+  const char *value_membername = "value";
+  bool is_well_known_packed = false;
+  const char *packed_end = ptr + 1;
+  upb_selector_t sel;
+  upb_jsonparser_frame *inner;
+
+  if (json_parser_any_frame_has_value(p->top->any_frame) &&
+      !json_parser_any_frame_has_type_url(p->top->any_frame)) {
+    upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "No valid type url");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* Well known types data is represented as value field. */
+  if (upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(p->top->any_frame->parser->top->m) !=
+          UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED) {
+    is_well_known_packed = true;
+
+    if (json_parser_any_frame_has_value_before_type_url(p->top->any_frame)) {
+      p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start =
+          memchr(p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start, ':',
+                 p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_end -
+                 p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start);
+      if (p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start == NULL) {
+        upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "invalid data for well known type.");
+        return false;
+      }
+      p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start++;
+    }
+
+    if (json_parser_any_frame_has_value_after_type_url(p->top->any_frame)) {
+      p->top->any_frame->after_type_url_start =
+          memchr(p->top->any_frame->after_type_url_start, ':',
+                 (ptr + 1) -
+                 p->top->any_frame->after_type_url_start);
+      if (p->top->any_frame->after_type_url_start == NULL) {
+        upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "Invalid data for well known type.");
+        return false;
+      }
+      p->top->any_frame->after_type_url_start++;
+      packed_end = ptr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (json_parser_any_frame_has_value_before_type_url(p->top->any_frame)) {
+    if (!parse(p->top->any_frame->parser, NULL,
+               p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start,
+               p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_end -
+               p->top->any_frame->before_type_url_start, NULL)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (!is_well_known_packed) {
+      if (!parse(p->top->any_frame->parser, NULL, "{", 1, NULL)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (json_parser_any_frame_has_value_before_type_url(p->top->any_frame) &&
+      json_parser_any_frame_has_value_after_type_url(p->top->any_frame)) {
+    if (!parse(p->top->any_frame->parser, NULL, ",", 1, NULL)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (json_parser_any_frame_has_value_after_type_url(p->top->any_frame)) {
+    if (!parse(p->top->any_frame->parser, NULL,
+               p->top->any_frame->after_type_url_start,
+               packed_end - p->top->any_frame->after_type_url_start, NULL)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (!is_well_known_packed) {
+      if (!parse(p->top->any_frame->parser, NULL, "}", 1, NULL)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!end(p->top->any_frame->parser, NULL)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  p->top->is_any = false;
+
+  /* Set value */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, value_membername);
+  capture_end(p, value_membername + 5);
+  end_membername(p);
+
+  if (!check_stack(p)) return false;
+  inner = p->top + 1;
+
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
+  upb_sink_startstr(p->top->sink, sel, 0, &inner->sink);
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING);
+  upb_sink_putstring(inner->sink, sel, p->top->any_frame->stringsink.ptr,
+                     p->top->any_frame->stringsink.len, NULL);
+  sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
+  upb_sink_endstr(inner->sink, sel);
+
+  end_member(p);
+
+  end_object(p);
+
+  /* Deallocate any parse frame. */
+  json_parser_any_frame_free(p->top->any_frame);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool is_string_wrapper(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  upb_wellknowntype_t type = upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(m);
+  return type == UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRINGVALUE ||
+         type == UPB_WELLKNOWN_BYTESVALUE;
+}
+
+static bool is_fieldmask(const upb_msgdef *m) {
+  upb_wellknowntype_t type = upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(m);
+  return type == UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK;
+}
+
+static void start_fieldmask_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  const char *membername = "paths";
+
+  start_object(p);
+
+  /* Set up context for parsing value */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, membername);
+  capture_end(p, membername + 5);
+  end_membername(p);
+
+  start_array(p);
+}
+
+static void end_fieldmask_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  end_array(p);
+  end_member(p);
+  end_object(p);
+}
+
+static void start_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  const char *membername = "value";
+
+  start_object(p);
+
+  /* Set up context for parsing value */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, membername);
+  capture_end(p, membername + 5);
+  end_membername(p);
+}
+
+static void end_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  end_member(p);
+  end_object(p);
+}
+
+static void start_value_object(upb_json_parser *p, int value_type) {
+  const char *nullmember = "null_value";
+  const char *numbermember = "number_value";
+  const char *stringmember = "string_value";
+  const char *boolmember = "bool_value";
+  const char *structmember = "struct_value";
+  const char *listmember = "list_value";
+  const char *membername = "";
+
+  switch (value_type) {
+    case VALUE_NULLVALUE:
+      membername = nullmember;
+      break;
+    case VALUE_NUMBERVALUE:
+      membername = numbermember;
+      break;
+    case VALUE_STRINGVALUE:
+      membername = stringmember;
+      break;
+    case VALUE_BOOLVALUE:
+      membername = boolmember;
+      break;
+    case VALUE_STRUCTVALUE:
+      membername = structmember;
+      break;
+    case VALUE_LISTVALUE:
+      membername = listmember;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  start_object(p);
+
+  /* Set up context for parsing value */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, membername);
+  capture_end(p, membername + strlen(membername));
+  end_membername(p);
+}
+
+static void end_value_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  end_member(p);
+  end_object(p);
+}
+
+static void start_listvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  const char *membername = "values";
+
+  start_object(p);
+
+  /* Set up context for parsing value */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, membername);
+  capture_end(p, membername + strlen(membername));
+  end_membername(p);
+}
+
+static void end_listvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  end_member(p);
+  end_object(p);
+}
+
+static void start_structvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  const char *membername = "fields";
+
+  start_object(p);
+
+  /* Set up context for parsing value */
+  start_member(p);
+  capture_begin(p, membername);
+  capture_end(p, membername + strlen(membername));
+  end_membername(p);
+}
+
+static void end_structvalue_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  end_member(p);
+  end_object(p);
+}
+
+static bool is_top_level(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top == p->stack && p->top->f == NULL && !p->top->is_unknown_field;
+}
+
+static bool is_wellknown_msg(upb_json_parser *p, upb_wellknowntype_t type) {
+  return p->top->m != NULL && upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(p->top->m) == type;
+}
+
+static bool is_wellknown_field(upb_json_parser *p, upb_wellknowntype_t type) {
+  return p->top->f != NULL &&
+         upb_fielddef_issubmsg(p->top->f) &&
+         (upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(p->top->f))
+              == type);
+}
+
+static bool does_number_wrapper_start(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->f != NULL &&
+         upb_fielddef_issubmsg(p->top->f) &&
+         upb_msgdef_isnumberwrapper(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(p->top->f));
+}
+
+static bool does_number_wrapper_end(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->m != NULL && upb_msgdef_isnumberwrapper(p->top->m);
+}
+
+static bool is_number_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->m != NULL && upb_msgdef_isnumberwrapper(p->top->m);
+}
+
+static bool does_string_wrapper_start(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->f != NULL &&
+         upb_fielddef_issubmsg(p->top->f) &&
+         is_string_wrapper(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(p->top->f));
+}
+
+static bool does_string_wrapper_end(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->m != NULL && is_string_wrapper(p->top->m);
+}
+
+static bool is_string_wrapper_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->m != NULL && is_string_wrapper(p->top->m);
+}
+
+static bool does_fieldmask_start(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->f != NULL &&
+         upb_fielddef_issubmsg(p->top->f) &&
+         is_fieldmask(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(p->top->f));
+}
+
+static bool does_fieldmask_end(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->top->m != NULL && is_fieldmask(p->top->m);
+}
+
+#define CHECK_RETURN_TOP(x) if (!(x)) goto error
+
+
+/* The actual parser **********************************************************/
+
+/* What follows is the Ragel parser itself.  The language is specified in Ragel
+ * and the actions call our C functions above.
+ *
+ * Ragel has an extensive set of functionality, and we use only a small part of
+ * it.  There are many action types but we only use a few:
+ *
+ *   ">" -- transition into a machine
+ *   "%" -- transition out of a machine
+ *   "@" -- transition into a final state of a machine.
+ *
+ * "@" transitions are tricky because a machine can transition into a final
+ * state repeatedly.  But in some cases we know this can't happen, for example
+ * a string which is delimited by a final '"' can only transition into its
+ * final state once, when the closing '"' is seen. */
+
+
+#line 2794 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+
+
+
+#line 2597 "upb/json/parser.c"
+static const char _json_actions[] = {
+	0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 
+	4, 1, 6, 1, 7, 1, 8, 1, 
+	9, 1, 11, 1, 12, 1, 13, 1, 
+	14, 1, 15, 1, 16, 1, 17, 1, 
+	18, 1, 19, 1, 20, 1, 22, 1, 
+	23, 1, 24, 1, 35, 1, 37, 1, 
+	39, 1, 40, 1, 42, 1, 43, 1, 
+	44, 1, 46, 1, 48, 1, 49, 1, 
+	50, 1, 51, 1, 53, 1, 54, 2, 
+	4, 9, 2, 5, 6, 2, 7, 3, 
+	2, 7, 9, 2, 21, 26, 2, 25, 
+	10, 2, 27, 28, 2, 29, 30, 2, 
+	32, 34, 2, 33, 31, 2, 38, 36, 
+	2, 40, 42, 2, 45, 2, 2, 46, 
+	54, 2, 47, 36, 2, 49, 54, 2, 
+	50, 54, 2, 51, 54, 2, 52, 41, 
+	2, 53, 54, 3, 32, 34, 35, 4, 
+	21, 26, 27, 28
+};
+
+static const short _json_key_offsets[] = {
+	0, 0, 12, 13, 18, 23, 28, 29, 
+	30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 
+	38, 43, 44, 48, 53, 58, 63, 67, 
+	71, 74, 77, 79, 83, 87, 89, 91, 
+	96, 98, 100, 109, 115, 121, 127, 133, 
+	135, 139, 142, 144, 146, 149, 150, 154, 
+	156, 158, 160, 162, 163, 165, 167, 168, 
+	170, 172, 173, 175, 177, 178, 180, 182, 
+	183, 185, 187, 191, 193, 195, 196, 197, 
+	198, 199, 201, 206, 208, 210, 212, 221, 
+	222, 222, 222, 227, 232, 237, 238, 239, 
+	240, 241, 241, 242, 243, 244, 244, 245, 
+	246, 247, 247, 252, 253, 257, 262, 267, 
+	272, 276, 276, 279, 282, 285, 288, 291, 
+	294, 294, 294, 294, 294, 294
+};
+
+static const char _json_trans_keys[] = {
+	32, 34, 45, 91, 102, 110, 116, 123, 
+	9, 13, 48, 57, 34, 32, 93, 125, 
+	9, 13, 32, 44, 93, 9, 13, 32, 
+	93, 125, 9, 13, 97, 108, 115, 101, 
+	117, 108, 108, 114, 117, 101, 32, 34, 
+	125, 9, 13, 34, 32, 58, 9, 13, 
+	32, 93, 125, 9, 13, 32, 44, 125, 
+	9, 13, 32, 44, 125, 9, 13, 32, 
+	34, 9, 13, 45, 48, 49, 57, 48, 
+	49, 57, 46, 69, 101, 48, 57, 69, 
+	101, 48, 57, 43, 45, 48, 57, 48, 
+	57, 48, 57, 46, 69, 101, 48, 57, 
+	34, 92, 34, 92, 34, 47, 92, 98, 
+	102, 110, 114, 116, 117, 48, 57, 65, 
+	70, 97, 102, 48, 57, 65, 70, 97, 
+	102, 48, 57, 65, 70, 97, 102, 48, 
+	57, 65, 70, 97, 102, 34, 92, 45, 
+	48, 49, 57, 48, 49, 57, 46, 115, 
+	48, 57, 115, 48, 57, 34, 46, 115, 
+	48, 57, 48, 57, 48, 57, 48, 57, 
+	48, 57, 45, 48, 57, 48, 57, 45, 
+	48, 57, 48, 57, 84, 48, 57, 48, 
+	57, 58, 48, 57, 48, 57, 58, 48, 
+	57, 48, 57, 43, 45, 46, 90, 48, 
+	57, 48, 57, 58, 48, 48, 34, 48, 
+	57, 43, 45, 90, 48, 57, 34, 44, 
+	34, 44, 34, 44, 34, 45, 91, 102, 
+	110, 116, 123, 48, 57, 34, 32, 93, 
+	125, 9, 13, 32, 44, 93, 9, 13, 
+	32, 93, 125, 9, 13, 97, 108, 115, 
+	101, 117, 108, 108, 114, 117, 101, 32, 
+	34, 125, 9, 13, 34, 32, 58, 9, 
+	13, 32, 93, 125, 9, 13, 32, 44, 
+	125, 9, 13, 32, 44, 125, 9, 13, 
+	32, 34, 9, 13, 32, 9, 13, 32, 
+	9, 13, 32, 9, 13, 32, 9, 13, 
+	32, 9, 13, 32, 9, 13, 0
+};
+
+static const char _json_single_lengths[] = {
+	0, 8, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 
+	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
+	3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 
+	1, 3, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 3, 
+	2, 2, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 
+	2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 
+	0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 
+	0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 
+	1, 0, 3, 2, 2, 2, 7, 1, 
+	0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 
+	1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 
+	1, 0, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 
+	2, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+};
+
+static const char _json_range_lengths[] = {
+	0, 2, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
+	1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
+	0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 
+	1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 
+	1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 
+	1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 
+	1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 
+	0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
+	1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+};
+
+static const short _json_index_offsets[] = {
+	0, 0, 11, 13, 18, 23, 28, 30, 
+	32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 
+	48, 53, 55, 59, 64, 69, 74, 78, 
+	82, 85, 89, 91, 95, 99, 101, 103, 
+	108, 111, 114, 124, 128, 132, 136, 140, 
+	143, 147, 150, 153, 155, 158, 160, 164, 
+	166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 
+	182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 
+	198, 200, 202, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 
+	217, 219, 221, 226, 229, 232, 235, 244, 
+	246, 247, 248, 253, 258, 263, 265, 267, 
+	269, 271, 272, 274, 276, 278, 279, 281, 
+	283, 285, 286, 291, 293, 297, 302, 307, 
+	312, 316, 317, 320, 323, 326, 329, 332, 
+	335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340
+};
+
+static const unsigned char _json_indicies[] = {
+	0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 
+	0, 3, 1, 9, 1, 11, 12, 1, 
+	11, 10, 13, 14, 12, 13, 1, 14, 
+	1, 1, 14, 10, 15, 1, 16, 1, 
+	17, 1, 18, 1, 19, 1, 20, 1, 
+	21, 1, 22, 1, 23, 1, 24, 1, 
+	25, 26, 27, 25, 1, 28, 1, 29, 
+	30, 29, 1, 30, 1, 1, 30, 31, 
+	32, 33, 34, 32, 1, 35, 36, 27, 
+	35, 1, 36, 26, 36, 1, 37, 38, 
+	39, 1, 38, 39, 1, 41, 42, 42, 
+	40, 43, 1, 42, 42, 43, 40, 44, 
+	44, 45, 1, 45, 1, 45, 40, 41, 
+	42, 42, 39, 40, 47, 48, 46, 50, 
+	51, 49, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 
+	52, 52, 53, 1, 54, 54, 54, 1, 
+	55, 55, 55, 1, 56, 56, 56, 1, 
+	57, 57, 57, 1, 59, 60, 58, 61, 
+	62, 63, 1, 64, 65, 1, 66, 67, 
+	1, 68, 1, 67, 68, 1, 69, 1, 
+	66, 67, 65, 1, 70, 1, 71, 1, 
+	72, 1, 73, 1, 74, 1, 75, 1, 
+	76, 1, 77, 1, 78, 1, 79, 1, 
+	80, 1, 81, 1, 82, 1, 83, 1, 
+	84, 1, 85, 1, 86, 1, 87, 1, 
+	88, 1, 89, 89, 90, 91, 1, 92, 
+	1, 93, 1, 94, 1, 95, 1, 96, 
+	1, 97, 1, 98, 1, 99, 99, 100, 
+	98, 1, 102, 1, 101, 104, 105, 103, 
+	1, 1, 101, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 
+	111, 112, 107, 1, 113, 1, 114, 115, 
+	117, 118, 1, 117, 116, 119, 120, 118, 
+	119, 1, 120, 1, 1, 120, 116, 121, 
+	1, 122, 1, 123, 1, 124, 1, 125, 
+	126, 1, 127, 1, 128, 1, 129, 130, 
+	1, 131, 1, 132, 1, 133, 134, 135, 
+	136, 134, 1, 137, 1, 138, 139, 138, 
+	1, 139, 1, 1, 139, 140, 141, 142, 
+	143, 141, 1, 144, 145, 136, 144, 1, 
+	145, 135, 145, 1, 146, 147, 147, 1, 
+	148, 148, 1, 149, 149, 1, 150, 150, 
+	1, 151, 151, 1, 152, 152, 1, 1, 
+	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0
+};
+
+static const char _json_trans_targs[] = {
+	1, 0, 2, 107, 3, 6, 10, 13, 
+	16, 106, 4, 3, 106, 4, 5, 7, 
+	8, 9, 108, 11, 12, 109, 14, 15, 
+	110, 16, 17, 111, 18, 18, 19, 20, 
+	21, 22, 111, 21, 22, 24, 25, 31, 
+	112, 26, 28, 27, 29, 30, 33, 113, 
+	34, 33, 113, 34, 32, 35, 36, 37, 
+	38, 39, 33, 113, 34, 41, 42, 46, 
+	42, 46, 43, 45, 44, 114, 48, 49, 
+	50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 
+	58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 
+	66, 67, 73, 72, 68, 69, 70, 71, 
+	72, 115, 74, 67, 72, 76, 116, 76, 
+	116, 77, 79, 81, 82, 85, 90, 94, 
+	98, 80, 117, 117, 83, 82, 80, 83, 
+	84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 117, 91, 92, 
+	93, 117, 95, 96, 97, 117, 98, 99, 
+	105, 100, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 
+	103, 104, 117, 106, 106, 106, 106, 106, 
+	106
+};
+
+static const unsigned char _json_trans_actions[] = {
+	0, 0, 113, 107, 53, 0, 0, 0, 
+	125, 59, 45, 0, 55, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 101, 51, 47, 0, 0, 45, 
+	49, 49, 104, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 15, 
+	0, 0, 71, 7, 13, 0, 74, 9, 
+	9, 9, 77, 80, 11, 37, 37, 37, 
+	0, 0, 0, 39, 0, 41, 86, 0, 
+	0, 0, 17, 19, 0, 21, 23, 0, 
+	25, 27, 0, 29, 31, 0, 33, 35, 
+	0, 135, 83, 135, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 92, 0, 89, 89, 98, 43, 0, 
+	131, 95, 113, 107, 53, 0, 0, 0, 
+	125, 59, 69, 110, 45, 0, 55, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 119, 0, 0, 
+	0, 122, 0, 0, 0, 116, 0, 101, 
+	51, 47, 0, 0, 45, 49, 49, 104, 
+	0, 0, 128, 0, 57, 63, 65, 61, 
+	67
+};
+
+static const unsigned char _json_eof_actions[] = {
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+	0, 0, 0, 57, 63, 65, 61, 67, 
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+};
+
+static const int json_start = 1;
+
+static const int json_en_number_machine = 23;
+static const int json_en_string_machine = 32;
+static const int json_en_duration_machine = 40;
+static const int json_en_timestamp_machine = 47;
+static const int json_en_fieldmask_machine = 75;
+static const int json_en_value_machine = 78;
+static const int json_en_main = 1;
+
+
+#line 2797 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+
+size_t parse(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf, size_t size,
+             const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_parser *parser = closure;
+
+  /* Variables used by Ragel's generated code. */
+  int cs = parser->current_state;
+  int *stack = parser->parser_stack;
+  int top = parser->parser_top;
+
+  const char *p = buf;
+  const char *pe = buf + size;
+  const char *eof = &eof_ch;
+
+  parser->handle = handle;
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+
+  capture_resume(parser, buf);
+
+  
+#line 2875 "upb/json/parser.c"
+	{
+	int _klen;
+	unsigned int _trans;
+	const char *_acts;
+	unsigned int _nacts;
+	const char *_keys;
+
+	if ( p == pe )
+		goto _test_eof;
+	if ( cs == 0 )
+		goto _out;
+_resume:
+	_keys = _json_trans_keys + _json_key_offsets[cs];
+	_trans = _json_index_offsets[cs];
+
+	_klen = _json_single_lengths[cs];
+	if ( _klen > 0 ) {
+		const char *_lower = _keys;
+		const char *_mid;
+		const char *_upper = _keys + _klen - 1;
+		while (1) {
+			if ( _upper < _lower )
+				break;
+
+			_mid = _lower + ((_upper-_lower) >> 1);
+			if ( (*p) < *_mid )
+				_upper = _mid - 1;
+			else if ( (*p) > *_mid )
+				_lower = _mid + 1;
+			else {
+				_trans += (unsigned int)(_mid - _keys);
+				goto _match;
+			}
+		}
+		_keys += _klen;
+		_trans += _klen;
+	}
+
+	_klen = _json_range_lengths[cs];
+	if ( _klen > 0 ) {
+		const char *_lower = _keys;
+		const char *_mid;
+		const char *_upper = _keys + (_klen<<1) - 2;
+		while (1) {
+			if ( _upper < _lower )
+				break;
+
+			_mid = _lower + (((_upper-_lower) >> 1) & ~1);
+			if ( (*p) < _mid[0] )
+				_upper = _mid - 2;
+			else if ( (*p) > _mid[1] )
+				_lower = _mid + 2;
+			else {
+				_trans += (unsigned int)((_mid - _keys)>>1);
+				goto _match;
+			}
+		}
+		_trans += _klen;
+	}
+
+_match:
+	_trans = _json_indicies[_trans];
+	cs = _json_trans_targs[_trans];
+
+	if ( _json_trans_actions[_trans] == 0 )
+		goto _again;
+
+	_acts = _json_actions + _json_trans_actions[_trans];
+	_nacts = (unsigned int) *_acts++;
+	while ( _nacts-- > 0 )
+	{
+		switch ( *_acts++ )
+		{
+	case 1:
+#line 2602 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 2:
+#line 2604 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 23;goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 3:
+#line 2608 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_text(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 4:
+#line 2609 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_text(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 5:
+#line 2615 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_hex(parser); }
+	break;
+	case 6:
+#line 2616 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ hexdigit(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 7:
+#line 2617 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_hex(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 8:
+#line 2623 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(escape(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 9:
+#line 2629 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 10:
+#line 2634 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_year(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 11:
+#line 2635 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_year(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 12:
+#line 2639 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_month(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 13:
+#line 2640 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_month(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 14:
+#line 2644 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_day(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 15:
+#line 2645 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_day(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 16:
+#line 2649 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_hour(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 17:
+#line 2650 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_hour(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 18:
+#line 2654 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_minute(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 19:
+#line 2655 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_minute(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 20:
+#line 2659 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_second(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 21:
+#line 2660 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_second(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 22:
+#line 2665 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_duration_base(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 23:
+#line 2666 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_duration_base(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 24:
+#line 2668 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 25:
+#line 2673 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_timestamp_base(parser); }
+	break;
+	case 26:
+#line 2675 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_timestamp_fraction(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 27:
+#line 2676 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_timestamp_fraction(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 28:
+#line 2678 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_timestamp_zone(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 29:
+#line 2679 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_timestamp_zone(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 30:
+#line 2681 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 31:
+#line 2686 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_fieldmask_path_text(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 32:
+#line 2687 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ end_fieldmask_path_text(parser, p); }
+	break;
+	case 33:
+#line 2692 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ start_fieldmask_path(parser); }
+	break;
+	case 34:
+#line 2693 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ end_fieldmask_path(parser); }
+	break;
+	case 35:
+#line 2699 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 36:
+#line 2704 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{
+        if (is_wellknown_msg(parser, UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP)) {
+          {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 47;goto _again;}
+        } else if (is_wellknown_msg(parser, UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION)) {
+          {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 40;goto _again;}
+        } else if (is_wellknown_msg(parser, UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK)) {
+          {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 75;goto _again;}
+        } else {
+          {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 32;goto _again;}
+        }
+      }
+	break;
+	case 37:
+#line 2717 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 78;goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 38:
+#line 2722 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{
+        if (is_wellknown_msg(parser, UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY)) {
+          start_any_member(parser, p);
+        } else {
+          start_member(parser);
+        }
+      }
+	break;
+	case 39:
+#line 2729 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_membername(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 40:
+#line 2732 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{
+        if (is_wellknown_msg(parser, UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY)) {
+          end_any_member(parser, p);
+        } else {
+          end_member(parser);
+        }
+      }
+	break;
+	case 41:
+#line 2743 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{
+        if (is_wellknown_msg(parser, UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY)) {
+          start_any_object(parser, p);
+        } else {
+          start_object(parser);
+        }
+      }
+	break;
+	case 42:
+#line 2752 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{
+        if (is_wellknown_msg(parser, UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY)) {
+          CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_any_object(parser, p));
+        } else {
+          end_object(parser);
+        }
+      }
+	break;
+	case 43:
+#line 2764 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(start_array(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 44:
+#line 2768 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ end_array(parser); }
+	break;
+	case 45:
+#line 2773 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(start_number(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 46:
+#line 2774 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_number(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 47:
+#line 2776 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(start_stringval(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 48:
+#line 2777 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_stringval(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 49:
+#line 2779 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_bool(parser, true)); }
+	break;
+	case 50:
+#line 2781 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_bool(parser, false)); }
+	break;
+	case 51:
+#line 2783 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_null(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 52:
+#line 2785 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(start_subobject_full(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 53:
+#line 2786 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ end_subobject_full(parser); }
+	break;
+	case 54:
+#line 2791 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
+	break;
+#line 3199 "upb/json/parser.c"
+		}
+	}
+
+_again:
+	if ( cs == 0 )
+		goto _out;
+	if ( ++p != pe )
+		goto _resume;
+	_test_eof: {}
+	if ( p == eof )
+	{
+	const char *__acts = _json_actions + _json_eof_actions[cs];
+	unsigned int __nacts = (unsigned int) *__acts++;
+	while ( __nacts-- > 0 ) {
+		switch ( *__acts++ ) {
+	case 0:
+#line 2600 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; 	if ( p == pe )
+		goto _test_eof;
+goto _again;} }
+	break;
+	case 46:
+#line 2774 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_number(parser, p)); }
+	break;
+	case 49:
+#line 2779 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_bool(parser, true)); }
+	break;
+	case 50:
+#line 2781 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_bool(parser, false)); }
+	break;
+	case 51:
+#line 2783 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_null(parser)); }
+	break;
+	case 53:
+#line 2786 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+	{ end_subobject_full(parser); }
+	break;
+#line 3241 "upb/json/parser.c"
+		}
+	}
+	}
+
+	_out: {}
+	}
+
+#line 2819 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+
+  if (p != pe) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(parser->status, "Parse error at '%.*s'\n", pe - p, p);
+  } else {
+    capture_suspend(parser, &p);
+  }
+
+error:
+  /* Save parsing state back to parser. */
+  parser->current_state = cs;
+  parser->parser_top = top;
+
+  return p - buf;
+}
+
+static bool end(void *closure, const void *hd) {
+  upb_json_parser *parser = closure;
+
+  /* Prevent compile warning on unused static constants. */
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_start);
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_en_duration_machine);
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_en_fieldmask_machine);
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_en_number_machine);
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_en_string_machine);
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_en_timestamp_machine);
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_en_value_machine);
+  UPB_UNUSED(json_en_main);
+
+  parse(parser, hd, &eof_ch, 0, NULL);
+
+  return parser->current_state >= 106;
+}
+
+static void json_parser_reset(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  int cs;
+  int top;
+
+  p->top = p->stack;
+  init_frame(p->top);
+
+  /* Emit Ragel initialization of the parser. */
+  
+#line 3292 "upb/json/parser.c"
+	{
+	cs = json_start;
+	top = 0;
+	}
+
+#line 2861 "upb/json/parser.rl"
+  p->current_state = cs;
+  p->parser_top = top;
+  accumulate_clear(p);
+  p->multipart_state = MULTIPART_INACTIVE;
+  p->capture = NULL;
+  p->accumulated = NULL;
+}
+
+static upb_json_parsermethod *parsermethod_new(upb_json_codecache *c,
+                                               const upb_msgdef *md) {
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  upb_alloc *alloc = upb_arena_alloc(c->arena);
+
+  upb_json_parsermethod *m = upb_malloc(alloc, sizeof(*m));
+
+  m->cache = c;
+
+  upb_byteshandler_init(&m->input_handler_);
+  upb_byteshandler_setstring(&m->input_handler_, parse, m);
+  upb_byteshandler_setendstr(&m->input_handler_, end, m);
+
+  upb_strtable_init2(&m->name_table, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, alloc);
+
+  /* Build name_table */
+
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+    upb_value v = upb_value_constptr(f);
+    char *buf;
+
+    /* Add an entry for the JSON name. */
+    size_t len = upb_fielddef_getjsonname(f, NULL, 0);
+    buf = upb_malloc(alloc, len);
+    upb_fielddef_getjsonname(f, buf, len);
+    upb_strtable_insert3(&m->name_table, buf, strlen(buf), v, alloc);
+
+    if (strcmp(buf, upb_fielddef_name(f)) != 0) {
+      /* Since the JSON name is different from the regular field name, add an
+       * entry for the raw name (compliant proto3 JSON parsers must accept
+       * both). */
+      const char *name = upb_fielddef_name(f);
+      upb_strtable_insert3(&m->name_table, name, strlen(name), v, alloc);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return m;
+}
+
+/* Public API *****************************************************************/
+
+upb_json_parser *upb_json_parser_create(upb_arena *arena,
+                                        const upb_json_parsermethod *method,
+                                        const upb_symtab* symtab,
+                                        upb_sink output,
+                                        upb_status *status,
+                                        bool ignore_json_unknown) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  const size_t size_before = upb_arena_bytesallocated(arena);
+#endif
+  upb_json_parser *p = upb_arena_malloc(arena, sizeof(upb_json_parser));
+  if (!p) return false;
+
+  p->arena = arena;
+  p->method = method;
+  p->status = status;
+  p->limit = p->stack + UPB_JSON_MAX_DEPTH;
+  p->accumulate_buf = NULL;
+  p->accumulate_buf_size = 0;
+  upb_bytessink_reset(&p->input_, &method->input_handler_, p);
+
+  json_parser_reset(p);
+  p->top->sink = output;
+  p->top->m = upb_handlers_msgdef(output.handlers);
+  if (is_wellknown_msg(p, UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY)) {
+    p->top->is_any = true;
+    p->top->any_frame = json_parser_any_frame_new(p);
+  } else {
+    p->top->is_any = false;
+    p->top->any_frame = NULL;
+  }
+  set_name_table(p, p->top);
+  p->symtab = symtab;
+
+  p->ignore_json_unknown = ignore_json_unknown;
+
+  /* If this fails, uncomment and increase the value in parser.h. */
+  /* fprintf(stderr, "%zd\n", upb_arena_bytesallocated(arena) - size_before); */
+  UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(upb_arena_bytesallocated(arena) - size_before <=
+                      UPB_JSON_PARSER_SIZE);
+  return p;
+}
+
+upb_bytessink upb_json_parser_input(upb_json_parser *p) {
+  return p->input_;
+}
+
+const upb_byteshandler *upb_json_parsermethod_inputhandler(
+    const upb_json_parsermethod *m) {
+  return &m->input_handler_;
+}
+
+upb_json_codecache *upb_json_codecache_new(void) {
+  upb_alloc *alloc;
+  upb_json_codecache *c;
+
+  c = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*c));
+
+  c->arena = upb_arena_new();
+  alloc = upb_arena_alloc(c->arena);
+
+  upb_inttable_init2(&c->methods, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR, alloc);
+
+  return c;
+}
+
+void upb_json_codecache_free(upb_json_codecache *c) {
+  upb_arena_free(c->arena);
+  upb_gfree(c);
+}
+
+const upb_json_parsermethod *upb_json_codecache_get(upb_json_codecache *c,
+                                                    const upb_msgdef *md) {
+  upb_json_parsermethod *m;
+  upb_value v;
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  upb_alloc *alloc = upb_arena_alloc(c->arena);
+
+  if (upb_inttable_lookupptr(&c->methods, md, &v)) {
+    return upb_value_getconstptr(v);
+  }
+
+  m = parsermethod_new(c, md);
+  v = upb_value_constptr(m);
+
+  if (!m) return NULL;
+  if (!upb_inttable_insertptr2(&c->methods, md, v, alloc)) return NULL;
+
+  /* Populate parser methods for all submessages, so the name tables will
+   * be available during parsing. */
+  for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+      !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+      upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
+      const upb_msgdef *subdef = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f);
+      const upb_json_parsermethod *sub_method =
+          upb_json_codecache_get(c, subdef);
+
+      if (!sub_method) return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return m;
+}
+/*
+** This currently uses snprintf() to format primitives, and could be optimized
+** further.
+*/
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+
+struct upb_json_printer {
+  upb_sink input_;
+  /* BytesSink closure. */
+  void *subc_;
+  upb_bytessink output_;
+
+  /* We track the depth so that we know when to emit startstr/endstr on the
+   * output. */
+  int depth_;
+
+  /* Have we emitted the first element? This state is necessary to emit commas
+   * without leaving a trailing comma in arrays/maps. We keep this state per
+   * frame depth.
+   *
+   * Why max_depth * 2? UPB_MAX_HANDLER_DEPTH counts depth as nested messages.
+   * We count frames (contexts in which we separate elements by commas) as both
+   * repeated fields and messages (maps), and the worst case is a
+   * message->repeated field->submessage->repeated field->... nesting. */
+  bool first_elem_[UPB_MAX_HANDLER_DEPTH * 2];
+
+  /* To print timestamp, printer needs to cache its seconds and nanos values
+   * and convert them when ending timestamp message. See comments of
+   * printer_sethandlers_timestamp for more detail. */
+  int64_t seconds;
+  int32_t nanos;
+};
+
+/* StringPiece; a pointer plus a length. */
+typedef struct {
+  char *ptr;
+  size_t len;
+} strpc;
+
+void freestrpc(void *ptr) {
+  strpc *pc = ptr;
+  upb_gfree(pc->ptr);
+  upb_gfree(pc);
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool preserve_fieldnames;
+} upb_json_printercache;
+
+/* Convert fielddef name to JSON name and return as a string piece. */
+strpc *newstrpc(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                bool preserve_fieldnames) {
+  /* TODO(haberman): handle malloc failure. */
+  strpc *ret = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+  if (preserve_fieldnames) {
+    ret->ptr = upb_gstrdup(upb_fielddef_name(f));
+    ret->len = strlen(ret->ptr);
+  } else {
+    size_t len;
+    ret->len = upb_fielddef_getjsonname(f, NULL, 0);
+    ret->ptr = upb_gmalloc(ret->len);
+    len = upb_fielddef_getjsonname(f, ret->ptr, ret->len);
+    UPB_ASSERT(len == ret->len);
+    ret->len--;  /* NULL */
+  }
+
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, ret, freestrpc);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Convert a null-terminated const char* to a string piece. */
+strpc *newstrpc_str(upb_handlers *h, const char * str) {
+  strpc * ret = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+  ret->ptr = upb_gstrdup(str);
+  ret->len = strlen(str);
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, ret, freestrpc);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* ------------ JSON string printing: values, maps, arrays ------------------ */
+
+static void print_data(
+    upb_json_printer *p, const char *buf, unsigned int len) {
+  /* TODO: Will need to change if we support pushback from the sink. */
+  size_t n = upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc_, buf, len, NULL);
+  UPB_ASSERT(n == len);
+}
+
+static void print_comma(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  if (!p->first_elem_[p->depth_]) {
+    print_data(p, ",", 1);
+  }
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = false;
+}
+
+/* Helpers that print properly formatted elements to the JSON output stream. */
+
+/* Used for escaping control chars in strings. */
+static const char kControlCharLimit = 0x20;
+
+UPB_INLINE bool is_json_escaped(char c) {
+  /* See RFC 4627. */
+  unsigned char uc = (unsigned char)c;
+  return uc < kControlCharLimit || uc == '"' || uc == '\\';
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const char* json_nice_escape(char c) {
+  switch (c) {
+    case '"':  return "\\\"";
+    case '\\': return "\\\\";
+    case '\b': return "\\b";
+    case '\f': return "\\f";
+    case '\n': return "\\n";
+    case '\r': return "\\r";
+    case '\t': return "\\t";
+    default:   return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Write a properly escaped string chunk. The surrounding quotes are *not*
+ * printed; this is so that the caller has the option of emitting the string
+ * content in chunks. */
+static void putstring(upb_json_printer *p, const char *buf, unsigned int len) {
+  const char* unescaped_run = NULL;
+  unsigned int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    char c = buf[i];
+    /* Handle escaping. */
+    if (is_json_escaped(c)) {
+      /* Use a "nice" escape, like \n, if one exists for this character. */
+      const char* escape = json_nice_escape(c);
+      /* If we don't have a specific 'nice' escape code, use a \uXXXX-style
+       * escape. */
+      char escape_buf[8];
+      if (!escape) {
+        unsigned char byte = (unsigned char)c;
+        _upb_snprintf(escape_buf, sizeof(escape_buf), "\\u%04x", (int)byte);
+        escape = escape_buf;
+      }
+
+      /* N.B. that we assume that the input encoding is equal to the output
+       * encoding (both UTF-8 for  now), so for chars >= 0x20 and != \, ", we
+       * can simply pass the bytes through. */
+
+      /* If there's a current run of unescaped chars, print that run first. */
+      if (unescaped_run) {
+        print_data(p, unescaped_run, &buf[i] - unescaped_run);
+        unescaped_run = NULL;
+      }
+      /* Then print the escape code. */
+      print_data(p, escape, strlen(escape));
+    } else {
+      /* Add to the current unescaped run of characters. */
+      if (unescaped_run == NULL) {
+        unescaped_run = &buf[i];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* If the string ended in a run of unescaped characters, print that last run. */
+  if (unescaped_run) {
+    print_data(p, unescaped_run, &buf[len] - unescaped_run);
+  }
+}
+
+#define CHKLENGTH(x) if (!(x)) return -1;
+
+/* Helpers that format floating point values according to our custom formats.
+ * Right now we use %.8g and %.17g for float/double, respectively, to match
+ * proto2::util::JsonFormat's defaults.  May want to change this later. */
+
+const char neginf[] = "\"-Infinity\"";
+const char inf[] = "\"Infinity\"";
+
+static size_t fmt_double(double val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  if (val == UPB_INFINITY) {
+    CHKLENGTH(length >= strlen(inf));
+    strcpy(buf, inf);
+    return strlen(inf);
+  } else if (val == -UPB_INFINITY) {
+    CHKLENGTH(length >= strlen(neginf));
+    strcpy(buf, neginf);
+    return strlen(neginf);
+  } else {
+    size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%.17g", val);
+    CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+    return n;
+  }
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_float(float val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%.8g", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_bool(bool val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%s", (val ? "true" : "false"));
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_int64_as_number(long long val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%lld", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_uint64_as_number(
+    unsigned long long val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "%llu", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_int64_as_string(long long val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "\"%lld\"", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+static size_t fmt_uint64_as_string(
+    unsigned long long val, char* buf, size_t length) {
+  size_t n = _upb_snprintf(buf, length, "\"%llu\"", val);
+  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
+  return n;
+}
+
+/* Print a map key given a field name. Called by scalar field handlers and by
+ * startseq for repeated fields. */
+static bool putkey(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  const strpc *key = handler_data;
+  print_comma(p);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  putstring(p, key->ptr, key->len);
+  print_data(p, "\":", 2);
+  return true;
+}
+
+#define CHKFMT(val) if ((val) == (size_t)-1) return false;
+#define CHK(val)    if (!(val)) return false;
+
+#define TYPE_HANDLERS(type, fmt_func)                                        \
+  static bool put##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data, type val) { \
+    upb_json_printer *p = closure;                                           \
+    char data[64];                                                           \
+    size_t length = fmt_func(val, data, sizeof(data));                       \
+    UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);                                                \
+    CHKFMT(length);                                                          \
+    print_data(p, data, length);                                             \
+    return true;                                                             \
+  }                                                                          \
+  static bool scalar_##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data,         \
+                            type val) {                                      \
+    CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));                                      \
+    CHK(put##type(closure, handler_data, val));                              \
+    return true;                                                             \
+  }                                                                          \
+  static bool repeated_##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data,       \
+                              type val) {                                    \
+    upb_json_printer *p = closure;                                           \
+    print_comma(p);                                                          \
+    CHK(put##type(closure, handler_data, val));                              \
+    return true;                                                             \
+  }
+
+#define TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(type, fmt_func)                                 \
+  static bool putmapkey_##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data,      \
+                            type val) {                                      \
+    upb_json_printer *p = closure;                                           \
+    char data[64];                                                           \
+    size_t length = fmt_func(val, data, sizeof(data));                       \
+    UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);                                                \
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);                                                  \
+    print_data(p, data, length);                                             \
+    print_data(p, "\":", 2);                                                 \
+    return true;                                                             \
+  }
+
+TYPE_HANDLERS(double,   fmt_double)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(float,    fmt_float)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(bool,     fmt_bool)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(int32_t,  fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(uint32_t, fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(int64_t,  fmt_int64_as_string)
+TYPE_HANDLERS(uint64_t, fmt_uint64_as_string)
+
+/* double and float are not allowed to be map keys. */
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(bool,     fmt_bool)
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(int32_t,  fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(uint32_t, fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(int64_t,  fmt_int64_as_number)
+TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY(uint64_t, fmt_uint64_as_number)
+
+#undef TYPE_HANDLERS
+#undef TYPE_HANDLERS_MAPKEY
+
+typedef struct {
+  void *keyname;
+  const upb_enumdef *enumdef;
+} EnumHandlerData;
+
+static bool scalar_enum(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                        int32_t val) {
+  const EnumHandlerData *hd = handler_data;
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  const char *symbolic_name;
+
+  CHK(putkey(closure, hd->keyname));
+
+  symbolic_name = upb_enumdef_iton(hd->enumdef, val);
+  if (symbolic_name) {
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+    putstring(p, symbolic_name, strlen(symbolic_name));
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  } else {
+    putint32_t(closure, NULL, val);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void print_enum_symbolic_name(upb_json_printer *p,
+                                     const upb_enumdef *def,
+                                     int32_t val) {
+  const char *symbolic_name = upb_enumdef_iton(def, val);
+  if (symbolic_name) {
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+    putstring(p, symbolic_name, strlen(symbolic_name));
+    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  } else {
+    putint32_t(p, NULL, val);
+  }
+}
+
+static bool repeated_enum(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                          int32_t val) {
+  const EnumHandlerData *hd = handler_data;
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  print_comma(p);
+
+  print_enum_symbolic_name(p, hd->enumdef, val);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool mapvalue_enum(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                          int32_t val) {
+  const EnumHandlerData *hd = handler_data;
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+
+  print_enum_symbolic_name(p, hd->enumdef, val);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *scalar_startsubmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  return putkey(closure, handler_data) ? closure : UPB_BREAK;
+}
+
+static void *repeated_startsubmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_comma(p);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static void start_frame(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "{", 1);
+}
+
+static void end_frame(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  print_data(p, "}", 1);
+  p->depth_--;
+}
+
+static bool printer_startmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  start_frame(p);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_endmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data, upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(s);
+  end_frame(p);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *startseq(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "[", 1);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static bool endseq(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "]", 1);
+  p->depth_--;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *startmap(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "{", 1);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static bool endmap(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "}", 1);
+  p->depth_--;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static size_t putstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data, const char *str,
+                     size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+  putstring(p, str, len);
+  return len;
+}
+
+/* This has to Base64 encode the bytes, because JSON has no "bytes" type. */
+static size_t putbytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data, const char *str,
+                       size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+
+  /* This is the regular base64, not the "web-safe" version. */
+  static const char base64[] =
+      "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+  /* Base64-encode. */
+  char data[16000];
+  const char *limit = data + sizeof(data);
+  const unsigned char *from = (const unsigned char*)str;
+  char *to = data;
+  size_t remaining = len;
+  size_t bytes;
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+
+  while (remaining > 2) {
+    if (limit - to < 4) {
+      bytes = to - data;
+      putstring(p, data, bytes);
+      to = data;
+    }
+
+    to[0] = base64[from[0] >> 2];
+    to[1] = base64[((from[0] & 0x3) << 4) | (from[1] >> 4)];
+    to[2] = base64[((from[1] & 0xf) << 2) | (from[2] >> 6)];
+    to[3] = base64[from[2] & 0x3f];
+
+    remaining -= 3;
+    to += 4;
+    from += 3;
+  }
+
+  switch (remaining) {
+    case 2:
+      to[0] = base64[from[0] >> 2];
+      to[1] = base64[((from[0] & 0x3) << 4) | (from[1] >> 4)];
+      to[2] = base64[(from[1] & 0xf) << 2];
+      to[3] = '=';
+      to += 4;
+      from += 2;
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      to[0] = base64[from[0] >> 2];
+      to[1] = base64[((from[0] & 0x3) << 4)];
+      to[2] = '=';
+      to[3] = '=';
+      to += 4;
+      from += 1;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  bytes = to - data;
+  putstring(p, data, bytes);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return len;
+}
+
+static void *scalar_startstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                             size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t scalar_str(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                         const char *str, size_t len,
+                         const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static bool scalar_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *repeated_startstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                               size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  print_comma(p);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t repeated_str(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                           const char *str, size_t len,
+                           const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static bool repeated_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *mapkeyval_startstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t mapkey_str(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                         const char *str, size_t len,
+                         const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static bool mapkey_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "\":", 2);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool mapvalue_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static size_t scalar_bytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                           const char *str, size_t len,
+                           const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  CHK(putbytes(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static size_t repeated_bytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                             const char *str, size_t len,
+                             const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  print_comma(p);
+  CHK(putbytes(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  return len;
+}
+
+static size_t mapkey_bytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                           const char *str, size_t len,
+                           const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  CHK(putbytes(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
+  print_data(p, ":", 1);
+  return len;
+}
+
+static void set_enum_hd(upb_handlers *h,
+                        const upb_fielddef *f,
+                        bool preserve_fieldnames,
+                        upb_handlerattr *attr) {
+  EnumHandlerData *hd = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(EnumHandlerData));
+  hd->enumdef = upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(f);
+  hd->keyname = newstrpc(h, f, preserve_fieldnames);
+  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd, upb_gfree);
+  attr->handler_data = hd;
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for a mapentry submessage (i.e., an individual key/value pair
+ * in a map).
+ *
+ * TODO: Handle missing key, missing value, out-of-order key/value, or repeated
+ * key or value cases properly. The right way to do this is to allocate a
+ * temporary structure at the start of a mapentry submessage, store key and
+ * value data in it as key and value handlers are called, and then print the
+ * key/value pair once at the end of the submessage. If we don't do this, we
+ * should at least detect the case and throw an error. However, so far all of
+ * our sources that emit mapentry messages do so canonically (with one key
+ * field, and then one value field), so this is not a pressing concern at the
+ * moment. */
+void printer_sethandlers_mapentry(const void *closure, bool preserve_fieldnames,
+                                  upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+
+  /* A mapentry message is printed simply as '"key": value'. Rather than
+   * special-case key and value for every type below, we just handle both
+   * fields explicitly here. */
+  const upb_fielddef* key_field = upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_MAPENTRY_KEY);
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_MAPENTRY_VALUE);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(key_field)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+      upb_handlers_setint32(h, key_field, putmapkey_int32_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+      upb_handlers_setint64(h, key_field, putmapkey_int64_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+      upb_handlers_setuint32(h, key_field, putmapkey_uint32_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      upb_handlers_setuint64(h, key_field, putmapkey_uint64_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      upb_handlers_setbool(h, key_field, putmapkey_bool, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, key_field, mapkeyval_startstr, &empty_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, key_field, mapkey_str, &empty_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendstr(h, key_field, mapkey_endstr, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, key_field, mapkey_bytes, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    default:
+      UPB_ASSERT(false);
+      break;
+  }
+
+  switch (upb_fielddef_type(value_field)) {
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
+      upb_handlers_setint32(h, value_field, putint32_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
+      upb_handlers_setint64(h, value_field, putint64_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
+      upb_handlers_setuint32(h, value_field, putuint32_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
+      upb_handlers_setuint64(h, value_field, putuint64_t, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+      upb_handlers_setbool(h, value_field, putbool, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      upb_handlers_setfloat(h, value_field, putfloat, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      upb_handlers_setdouble(h, value_field, putdouble, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+      upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, value_field, mapkeyval_startstr, &empty_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, value_field, putstr, &empty_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendstr(h, value_field, mapvalue_endstr, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+      upb_handlers_setstring(h, value_field, putbytes, &empty_attr);
+      break;
+    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      upb_handlerattr enum_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+      set_enum_hd(h, value_field, preserve_fieldnames, &enum_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setint32(h, value_field, mapvalue_enum, &enum_attr);
+      break;
+    }
+    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      /* No handler necessary -- the submsg handlers will print the message
+       * as appropriate. */
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool putseconds(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                       int64_t seconds) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  p->seconds = seconds;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool putnanos(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                     int32_t nanos) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  p->nanos = nanos;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *scalar_startstr_nokey(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                   size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t putstr_nokey(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                           const char *str, size_t len,
+                           const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  putstring(p, str, len);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return len + 2;
+}
+
+static void *startseq_nokey(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "[", 1);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static void *startseq_fieldmask(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static bool endseq_fieldmask(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  p->depth_--;
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *repeated_startstr_fieldmask(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+    size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  print_comma(p);
+  return p;
+}
+
+static size_t repeated_str_fieldmask(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+    const char *str, size_t len,
+    const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  const char* limit = str + len;
+  bool upper = false;
+  size_t result_len = 0;
+  for (; str < limit; str++) {
+    if (*str == '_') {
+      upper = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (upper && *str >= 'a' && *str <= 'z') {
+      char upper_char = toupper(*str);
+      CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, &upper_char, 1, handle));
+    } else {
+      CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, str, 1, handle));
+    }
+    upper = false;
+    result_len++;
+  }
+  return result_len;
+}
+
+static void *startmap_nokey(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  p->depth_++;
+  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
+  print_data(p, "{", 1);
+  return closure;
+}
+
+static bool putnull(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                    int32_t null) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  print_data(p, "null", 4);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(null);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_startdurationmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+#define UPB_DURATION_MAX_JSON_LEN 23
+#define UPB_DURATION_MAX_NANO_LEN 9
+
+static bool printer_enddurationmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                   upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  char buffer[UPB_DURATION_MAX_JSON_LEN];
+  size_t base_len;
+  size_t curr;
+  size_t i;
+
+  memset(buffer, 0, UPB_DURATION_MAX_JSON_LEN);
+
+  if (p->seconds < -315576000000) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(s, "error parsing duration: "
+                          "minimum acceptable value is "
+                          "-315576000000");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (p->seconds > 315576000000) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(s, "error serializing duration: "
+                          "maximum acceptable value is "
+                          "315576000000");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  _upb_snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%ld", (long)p->seconds);
+  base_len = strlen(buffer);
+
+  if (p->nanos != 0) {
+    char nanos_buffer[UPB_DURATION_MAX_NANO_LEN + 3];
+    _upb_snprintf(nanos_buffer, sizeof(nanos_buffer), "%.9f",
+                  p->nanos / 1000000000.0);
+    /* Remove trailing 0. */
+    for (i = UPB_DURATION_MAX_NANO_LEN + 2;
+         nanos_buffer[i] == '0'; i--) {
+      nanos_buffer[i] = 0;
+    }
+    strcpy(buffer + base_len, nanos_buffer + 1);
+  }
+
+  curr = strlen(buffer);
+  strcpy(buffer + curr, "s");
+
+  p->seconds = 0;
+  p->nanos = 0;
+
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  print_data(p, buffer, strlen(buffer));
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_starttimestampmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+#define UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_JSON_LEN 31
+#define UPB_TIMESTAMP_BEFORE_NANO_LEN 19
+#define UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_NANO_LEN 9
+
+static bool printer_endtimestampmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
+                                    upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  char buffer[UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_JSON_LEN];
+  time_t time = p->seconds;
+  size_t curr;
+  size_t i;
+  size_t year_length =
+      strftime(buffer, UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_JSON_LEN, "%Y", gmtime(&time));
+
+  if (p->seconds < -62135596800) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(s, "error parsing timestamp: "
+                          "minimum acceptable value is "
+                          "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (p->seconds > 253402300799) {
+    upb_status_seterrf(s, "error parsing timestamp: "
+                          "maximum acceptable value is "
+                          "9999-12-31T23:59:59Z");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /* strftime doesn't guarantee 4 digits for year. Prepend 0 by ourselves. */
+  for (i = 0; i < 4 - year_length; i++) {
+    buffer[i] = '0';
+  }
+
+  strftime(buffer + (4 - year_length), UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_JSON_LEN,
+           "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", gmtime(&time));
+  if (p->nanos != 0) {
+    char nanos_buffer[UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_NANO_LEN + 3];
+    _upb_snprintf(nanos_buffer, sizeof(nanos_buffer), "%.9f",
+                  p->nanos / 1000000000.0);
+    /* Remove trailing 0. */
+    for (i = UPB_TIMESTAMP_MAX_NANO_LEN + 2;
+         nanos_buffer[i] == '0'; i--) {
+      nanos_buffer[i] = 0;
+    }
+    strcpy(buffer + UPB_TIMESTAMP_BEFORE_NANO_LEN, nanos_buffer + 1);
+  }
+
+  curr = strlen(buffer);
+  strcpy(buffer + curr, "Z");
+
+  p->seconds = 0;
+  p->nanos = 0;
+
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  print_data(p, buffer, strlen(buffer));
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(s);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_startmsg_noframe(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_endmsg_noframe(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data, upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(s);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_startmsg_fieldmask(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
+  }
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool printer_endmsg_fieldmask(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data, upb_status *s) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
+  UPB_UNUSED(s);
+  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
+  if (p->depth_ == 0) {
+    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void *scalar_startstr_onlykey(
+    void *closure, const void *handler_data, size_t size_hint) {
+  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
+  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
+  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
+  return p;
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for an Any submessage. */
+void printer_sethandlers_any(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+
+  const upb_fielddef* type_field = upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_ANY_TYPE);
+  const upb_fielddef* value_field = upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_ANY_VALUE);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  /* type_url's json name is "@type" */
+  upb_handlerattr type_name_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  upb_handlerattr value_name_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  strpc *type_url_json_name = newstrpc_str(h, "@type");
+  strpc *value_json_name = newstrpc_str(h, "value");
+
+  type_name_attr.handler_data = type_url_json_name;
+  value_name_attr.handler_data = value_json_name;
+
+  /* Set up handlers. */
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, type_field, scalar_startstr, &type_name_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setstring(h, type_field, scalar_str, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendstr(h, type_field, scalar_endstr, &empty_attr);
+
+  /* This is not the full and correct JSON encoding for the Any value field. It
+   * requires further processing by the wrapper code based on the type URL.
+   */
+  upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, value_field, scalar_startstr_onlykey,
+                           &value_name_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for a fieldmask submessage. */
+void printer_sethandlers_fieldmask(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(md, 1);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startseq_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endseq_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, repeated_startstr_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, repeated_str_fieldmask, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for a duration submessage. */
+void printer_sethandlers_duration(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+
+  const upb_fielddef* seconds_field =
+      upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_DURATION_SECONDS);
+  const upb_fielddef* nanos_field =
+      upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_DURATION_NANOS);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startdurationmsg, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setint64(h, seconds_field, putseconds, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setint32(h, nanos_field, putnanos, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_enddurationmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+/* Set up handlers for a timestamp submessage. Instead of printing fields
+ * separately, the json representation of timestamp follows RFC 3339 */
+void printer_sethandlers_timestamp(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+
+  const upb_fielddef* seconds_field =
+      upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_TIMESTAMP_SECONDS);
+  const upb_fielddef* nanos_field =
+      upb_msgdef_itof(md, UPB_TIMESTAMP_NANOS);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_starttimestampmsg, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setint64(h, seconds_field, putseconds, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setint32(h, nanos_field, putnanos, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endtimestampmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+void printer_sethandlers_value(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+  for(; !upb_msg_field_done(&i); upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+
+    switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+      case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
+        upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, putnull, &empty_attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+        upb_handlers_setdouble(h, f, putdouble, &empty_attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+        upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, scalar_startstr_nokey, &empty_attr);
+        upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, scalar_str, &empty_attr);
+        upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, scalar_endstr, &empty_attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
+        upb_handlers_setbool(h, f, putbool, &empty_attr);
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        break;
+      default:
+        UPB_ASSERT(false);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+#define WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(wrapper, type, putmethod)                      \
+void printer_sethandlers_##wrapper(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) { \
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);                           \
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(md, 1);                          \
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;                \
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);      \
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);          \
+  upb_handlers_set##type(h, f, putmethod, &empty_attr);                    \
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);                                                     \
+}
+
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(doublevalue, double, putdouble)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(floatvalue,  float,  putfloat)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(int64value,  int64,  putint64_t)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(uint64value, uint64, putuint64_t)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(int32value,  int32,  putint32_t)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(uint32value, uint32, putuint32_t)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(boolvalue,   bool,   putbool)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(stringvalue, string, putstr_nokey)
+WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS(bytesvalue,  string, putbytes)
+
+#undef WRAPPER_SETHANDLERS
+
+void printer_sethandlers_listvalue(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(md, 1);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startseq_nokey, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endseq, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, repeated_startsubmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+void printer_sethandlers_structvalue(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  const upb_fielddef* f = upb_msgdef_itof(md, 1);
+
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startmap_nokey, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endmap, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg_noframe, &empty_attr);
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, repeated_startsubmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
+}
+
+void printer_sethandlers(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
+  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
+  bool is_mapentry = upb_msgdef_mapentry(md);
+  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+  upb_msg_field_iter i;
+  const upb_json_printercache *cache = closure;
+  const bool preserve_fieldnames = cache->preserve_fieldnames;
+
+  if (is_mapentry) {
+    /* mapentry messages are sufficiently different that we handle them
+     * separately. */
+    printer_sethandlers_mapentry(closure, preserve_fieldnames, h);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  switch (upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(md)) {
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED:
+      break;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY:
+      printer_sethandlers_any(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK:
+      printer_sethandlers_fieldmask(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION:
+      printer_sethandlers_duration(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP:
+      printer_sethandlers_timestamp(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE:
+      printer_sethandlers_value(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE:
+      printer_sethandlers_listvalue(closure, h);
+      return;
+    case UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRUCT:
+      printer_sethandlers_structvalue(closure, h);
+      return;
+#define WRAPPER(wellknowntype, name)        \
+  case wellknowntype:                       \
+    printer_sethandlers_##name(closure, h); \
+    return;                                 \
+
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_DOUBLEVALUE, doublevalue);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_FLOATVALUE, floatvalue);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT64VALUE, int64value);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT64VALUE, uint64value);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT32VALUE, int32value);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT32VALUE, uint32value);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE, boolvalue);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRINGVALUE, stringvalue);
+    WRAPPER(UPB_WELLKNOWN_BYTESVALUE, bytesvalue);
+
+#undef WRAPPER
+  }
+
+  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, printer_startmsg, &empty_attr);
+  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, printer_endmsg, &empty_attr);
+
+#define TYPE(type, name, ctype)                                               \
+  case type:                                                                  \
+    if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {                                              \
+      upb_handlers_set##name(h, f, repeated_##ctype, &empty_attr);            \
+    } else {                                                                  \
+      upb_handlers_set##name(h, f, scalar_##ctype, &name_attr);               \
+    }                                                                         \
+    break;
+
+  upb_msg_field_begin(&i, md);
+  for(; !upb_msg_field_done(&i); upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+
+    upb_handlerattr name_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+    name_attr.handler_data = newstrpc(h, f, preserve_fieldnames);
+
+    if (upb_fielddef_ismap(f)) {
+      upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startmap, &name_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endmap, &name_attr);
+    } else if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+      upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startseq, &name_attr);
+      upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endseq, &empty_attr);
+    }
+
+    switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT,  float,  float);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double, double);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_BOOL,   bool,   bool);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_INT32,  int32,  int32_t);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32, uint32_t);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_INT64,  int64,  int64_t);
+      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64, uint64_t);
+      case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
+        /* For now, we always emit symbolic names for enums. We may want an
+         * option later to control this behavior, but we will wait for a real
+         * need first. */
+        upb_handlerattr enum_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT;
+        set_enum_hd(h, f, preserve_fieldnames, &enum_attr);
+
+        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+          upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, repeated_enum, &enum_attr);
+        } else {
+          upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, scalar_enum, &enum_attr);
+        }
+
+        break;
+      }
+      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
+        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+          upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, repeated_startstr, &empty_attr);
+          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, repeated_str, &empty_attr);
+          upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, repeated_endstr, &empty_attr);
+        } else {
+          upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, scalar_startstr, &name_attr);
+          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, scalar_str, &empty_attr);
+          upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, scalar_endstr, &empty_attr);
+        }
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
+        /* XXX: this doesn't support strings that span buffers yet. The base64
+         * encoder will need to be made resumable for this to work properly. */
+        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, repeated_bytes, &empty_attr);
+        } else {
+          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, scalar_bytes, &name_attr);
+        }
+        break;
+      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
+          upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, repeated_startsubmsg, &name_attr);
+        } else {
+          upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, scalar_startsubmsg, &name_attr);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+#undef TYPE
+}
+
+static void json_printer_reset(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  p->depth_ = 0;
+}
+
+
+/* Public API *****************************************************************/
+
+upb_json_printer *upb_json_printer_create(upb_arena *a, const upb_handlers *h,
+                                          upb_bytessink output) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  size_t size_before = upb_arena_bytesallocated(a);
+#endif
+
+  upb_json_printer *p = upb_arena_malloc(a, sizeof(upb_json_printer));
+  if (!p) return NULL;
+
+  p->output_ = output;
+  json_printer_reset(p);
+  upb_sink_reset(&p->input_, h, p);
+  p->seconds = 0;
+  p->nanos = 0;
+
+  /* If this fails, increase the value in printer.h. */
+  UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(upb_arena_bytesallocated(a) - size_before <=
+                      UPB_JSON_PRINTER_SIZE);
+  return p;
+}
+
+upb_sink upb_json_printer_input(upb_json_printer *p) {
+  return p->input_;
+}
+
+upb_handlercache *upb_json_printer_newcache(bool preserve_proto_fieldnames) {
+  upb_json_printercache *cache = upb_gmalloc(sizeof(*cache));
+  upb_handlercache *ret = upb_handlercache_new(printer_sethandlers, cache);
+
+  cache->preserve_fieldnames = preserve_proto_fieldnames;
+  upb_handlercache_addcleanup(ret, cache, upb_gfree);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+/* See port_def.inc.  This should #undef all macros #defined there. */
+
+#undef UPB_SIZE
+#undef UPB_FIELD_AT
+#undef UPB_READ_ONEOF
+#undef UPB_WRITE_ONEOF
+#undef UPB_INLINE
+#undef UPB_FORCEINLINE
+#undef UPB_NOINLINE
+#undef UPB_NORETURN
+#undef UPB_MAX
+#undef UPB_MIN
+#undef UPB_UNUSED
+#undef UPB_ASSERT
+#undef UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR
+#undef UPB_UNREACHABLE
+#undef UPB_INFINITY
+#undef UPB_MSVC_VSNPRINTF
+#undef _upb_snprintf
+#undef _upb_vsnprintf
+#undef _upb_va_copy
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/upb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/upb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e49c7dee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/upb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7085 @@
+/* Amalgamated source file */
+#include <stdint.h>/*
+* This is where we define macros used across upb.
+*
+* All of these macros are undef'd in port_undef.inc to avoid leaking them to
+* users.
+*
+* The correct usage is:
+*
+*   #include "upb/foobar.h"
+*   #include "upb/baz.h"
+*
+*   // MUST be last included header.
+*   #include "upb/port_def.inc"
+*
+*   // Code for this file.
+*   // <...>
+*
+*   // Can be omitted for .c files, required for .h.
+*   #include "upb/port_undef.inc"
+*
+* This file is private and must not be included by users!
+*/
+#ifndef UINTPTR_MAX
+#error must include stdint.h first
+#endif
+
+#if UINTPTR_MAX == 0xffffffff
+#define UPB_SIZE(size32, size64) size32
+#else
+#define UPB_SIZE(size32, size64) size64
+#endif
+
+#define UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, fieldtype, offset) \
+  *(fieldtype*)((const char*)(msg) + offset)
+
+#define UPB_READ_ONEOF(msg, fieldtype, offset, case_offset, case_val, default) \
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int, case_offset) == case_val                              \
+      ? UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, fieldtype, offset)                                   \
+      : default
+
+#define UPB_WRITE_ONEOF(msg, fieldtype, offset, value, case_offset, case_val) \
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int, case_offset) = case_val;                             \
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, fieldtype, offset) = value;
+
+/* UPB_INLINE: inline if possible, emit standalone code if required. */
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define UPB_INLINE inline
+#elif defined (__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define UPB_INLINE static __inline__
+#else
+#define UPB_INLINE static
+#endif
+
+/* Hints to the compiler about likely/unlikely branches. */
+#if defined (__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define UPB_LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect((x),1)
+#define UPB_UNLIKELY(x) __builtin_expect((x),0)
+#else
+#define UPB_LIKELY(x) (x)
+#define UPB_UNLIKELY(x) (x)
+#endif
+
+/* Define UPB_BIG_ENDIAN manually if you're on big endian and your compiler
+ * doesn't provide these preprocessor symbols. */
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+#define UPB_BIG_ENDIAN
+#endif
+
+/* Macros for function attributes on compilers that support them. */
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define UPB_FORCEINLINE __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline))
+#define UPB_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+#define UPB_NORETURN __attribute__((__noreturn__))
+#else  /* !defined(__GNUC__) */
+#define UPB_FORCEINLINE
+#define UPB_NOINLINE
+#define UPB_NORETURN
+#endif
+
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L || __cplusplus >= 201103L
+/* C99/C++11 versions. */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define _upb_snprintf snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf vsnprintf
+#define _upb_va_copy(a, b) va_copy(a, b)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+/* Microsoft C/C++ versions. */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#if _MSC_VER < 1900
+int msvc_snprintf(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, ...);
+int msvc_vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, va_list arg);
+#define UPB_MSVC_VSNPRINTF
+#define _upb_snprintf msvc_snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf msvc_vsnprintf
+#else
+#define _upb_snprintf snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf vsnprintf
+#endif
+#define _upb_va_copy(a, b) va_copy(a, b)
+#elif defined __GNUC__
+/* A few hacky workarounds for functions not in C89.
+ * For internal use only!
+ * TODO(haberman): fix these by including our own implementations, or finding
+ * another workaround.
+ */
+#define _upb_snprintf __builtin_snprintf
+#define _upb_vsnprintf __builtin_vsnprintf
+#define _upb_va_copy(a, b) __va_copy(a, b)
+#else
+#error Need implementations of [v]snprintf and va_copy
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L || defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__) || \
+    (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+// C++11 is present
+#else
+#error upb requires C++11 for C++ support
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#define UPB_MAX(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))
+#define UPB_MIN(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
+
+#define UPB_UNUSED(var) (void)var
+
+/* UPB_ASSERT(): in release mode, we use the expression without letting it be
+ * evaluated.  This prevents "unused variable" warnings. */
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define UPB_ASSERT(expr) do {} while (false && (expr))
+#else
+#define UPB_ASSERT(expr) assert(expr)
+#endif
+
+/* UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(): assert that uses functions or variables that only
+ * exist in debug mode.  This turns into regular assert. */
+#define UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(expr) assert(expr)
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define UPB_UNREACHABLE() do { assert(0); __builtin_unreachable(); } while(0)
+#else
+#define UPB_UNREACHABLE() do { assert(0); } while(0)
+#endif
+
+/* UPB_INFINITY representing floating-point positive infinity. */
+#include <math.h>
+#ifdef INFINITY
+#define UPB_INFINITY INFINITY
+#else
+#define UPB_INFINITY (1.0 / 0.0)
+#endif
+/*
+** This file contains shared definitions that are widely used across upb.
+**
+** This is a mixed C/C++ interface that offers a full API to both languages.
+** See the top-level README for more information.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_H_
+#define UPB_H_
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#include <memory>
+namespace upb {
+class Arena;
+class Status;
+template <int N> class InlinedArena;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/* upb_status *****************************************************************/
+
+/* upb_status represents a success or failure status and error message.
+ * It owns no resources and allocates no memory, so it should work
+ * even in OOM situations. */
+
+/* The maximum length of an error message before it will get truncated. */
+#define UPB_STATUS_MAX_MESSAGE 127
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool ok;
+  char msg[UPB_STATUS_MAX_MESSAGE];  /* Error message; NULL-terminated. */
+} upb_status;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+const char *upb_status_errmsg(const upb_status *status);
+bool upb_ok(const upb_status *status);
+
+/* Any of the functions that write to a status object allow status to be NULL,
+ * to support use cases where the function's caller does not care about the
+ * status message. */
+void upb_status_clear(upb_status *status);
+void upb_status_seterrmsg(upb_status *status, const char *msg);
+void upb_status_seterrf(upb_status *status, const char *fmt, ...);
+void upb_status_vseterrf(upb_status *status, const char *fmt, va_list args);
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_status_setoom(upb_status *status) {
+  upb_status_seterrmsg(status, "out of memory");
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+class upb::Status {
+ public:
+  Status() { upb_status_clear(&status_); }
+
+  upb_status* ptr() { return &status_; }
+
+  /* Returns true if there is no error. */
+  bool ok() const { return upb_ok(&status_); }
+
+  /* Guaranteed to be NULL-terminated. */
+  const char *error_message() const { return upb_status_errmsg(&status_); }
+
+  /* The error message will be truncated if it is longer than
+   * UPB_STATUS_MAX_MESSAGE-4. */
+  void SetErrorMessage(const char *msg) { upb_status_seterrmsg(&status_, msg); }
+  void SetFormattedErrorMessage(const char *fmt, ...) {
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    upb_status_vseterrf(&status_, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+  }
+
+  /* Resets the status to a successful state with no message. */
+  void Clear() { upb_status_clear(&status_); }
+
+ private:
+  upb_status status_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/** upb_strview ************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+  const char *data;
+  size_t size;
+} upb_strview;
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview upb_strview_make(const char *data, size_t size) {
+  upb_strview ret;
+  ret.data = data;
+  ret.size = size;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview upb_strview_makez(const char *data) {
+  return upb_strview_make(data, strlen(data));
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_strview_eql(upb_strview a, upb_strview b) {
+  return a.size == b.size && memcmp(a.data, b.data, a.size) == 0;
+}
+
+#define UPB_STRVIEW_INIT(ptr, len) {ptr, len}
+
+#define UPB_STRVIEW_FORMAT "%.*s"
+#define UPB_STRVIEW_ARGS(view) (int)(view).size, (view).data
+
+/** upb_alloc *****************************************************************/
+
+/* A upb_alloc is a possibly-stateful allocator object.
+ *
+ * It could either be an arena allocator (which doesn't require individual
+ * free() calls) or a regular malloc() (which does).  The client must therefore
+ * free memory unless it knows that the allocator is an arena allocator. */
+
+struct upb_alloc;
+typedef struct upb_alloc upb_alloc;
+
+/* A malloc()/free() function.
+ * If "size" is 0 then the function acts like free(), otherwise it acts like
+ * realloc().  Only "oldsize" bytes from a previous allocation are preserved. */
+typedef void *upb_alloc_func(upb_alloc *alloc, void *ptr, size_t oldsize,
+                             size_t size);
+
+struct upb_alloc {
+  upb_alloc_func *func;
+};
+
+UPB_INLINE void *upb_malloc(upb_alloc *alloc, size_t size) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(alloc);
+  return alloc->func(alloc, NULL, 0, size);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void *upb_realloc(upb_alloc *alloc, void *ptr, size_t oldsize,
+                             size_t size) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(alloc);
+  return alloc->func(alloc, ptr, oldsize, size);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_free(upb_alloc *alloc, void *ptr) {
+  assert(alloc);
+  alloc->func(alloc, ptr, 0, 0);
+}
+
+/* The global allocator used by upb.  Uses the standard malloc()/free(). */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+extern upb_alloc upb_alloc_global;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+/* Functions that hard-code the global malloc.
+ *
+ * We still get benefit because we can put custom logic into our global
+ * allocator, like injecting out-of-memory faults in debug/testing builds. */
+
+UPB_INLINE void *upb_gmalloc(size_t size) {
+  return upb_malloc(&upb_alloc_global, size);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void *upb_grealloc(void *ptr, size_t oldsize, size_t size) {
+  return upb_realloc(&upb_alloc_global, ptr, oldsize, size);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_gfree(void *ptr) {
+  upb_free(&upb_alloc_global, ptr);
+}
+
+/* upb_arena ******************************************************************/
+
+/* upb_arena is a specific allocator implementation that uses arena allocation.
+ * The user provides an allocator that will be used to allocate the underlying
+ * arena blocks.  Arenas by nature do not require the individual allocations
+ * to be freed.  However the Arena does allow users to register cleanup
+ * functions that will run when the arena is destroyed.
+ *
+ * A upb_arena is *not* thread-safe.
+ *
+ * You could write a thread-safe arena allocator that satisfies the
+ * upb_alloc interface, but it would not be as efficient for the
+ * single-threaded case. */
+
+typedef void upb_cleanup_func(void *ud);
+
+struct upb_arena;
+typedef struct upb_arena upb_arena;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Creates an arena from the given initial block (if any -- n may be 0).
+ * Additional blocks will be allocated from |alloc|.  If |alloc| is NULL, this
+ * is a fixed-size arena and cannot grow. */
+upb_arena *upb_arena_init(void *mem, size_t n, upb_alloc *alloc);
+void upb_arena_free(upb_arena *a);
+bool upb_arena_addcleanup(upb_arena *a, void *ud, upb_cleanup_func *func);
+size_t upb_arena_bytesallocated(const upb_arena *a);
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_alloc *upb_arena_alloc(upb_arena *a) { return (upb_alloc*)a; }
+
+/* Convenience wrappers around upb_alloc functions. */
+
+UPB_INLINE void *upb_arena_malloc(upb_arena *a, size_t size) {
+  return upb_malloc(upb_arena_alloc(a), size);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void *upb_arena_realloc(upb_arena *a, void *ptr, size_t oldsize,
+                                   size_t size) {
+  return upb_realloc(upb_arena_alloc(a), ptr, oldsize, size);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_arena *upb_arena_new(void) {
+  return upb_arena_init(NULL, 0, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+class upb::Arena {
+ public:
+  /* A simple arena with no initial memory block and the default allocator. */
+  Arena() : ptr_(upb_arena_new(), upb_arena_free) {}
+
+  upb_arena* ptr() { return ptr_.get(); }
+
+  /* Allows this arena to be used as a generic allocator.
+   *
+   * The arena does not need free() calls so when using Arena as an allocator
+   * it is safe to skip them.  However they are no-ops so there is no harm in
+   * calling free() either. */
+  upb_alloc *allocator() { return upb_arena_alloc(ptr_.get()); }
+
+  /* Add a cleanup function to run when the arena is destroyed.
+   * Returns false on out-of-memory. */
+  bool AddCleanup(void *ud, upb_cleanup_func* func) {
+    return upb_arena_addcleanup(ptr_.get(), ud, func);
+  }
+
+  /* Total number of bytes that have been allocated.  It is undefined what
+   * Realloc() does to &arena_ counter. */
+  size_t BytesAllocated() const { return upb_arena_bytesallocated(ptr_.get()); }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<upb_arena, decltype(&upb_arena_free)> ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif
+
+/* upb::InlinedArena **********************************************************/
+
+/* upb::InlinedArena seeds the arenas with a predefined amount of memory.  No
+ * heap memory will be allocated until the initial block is exceeded.
+ *
+ * These types only exist in C++ */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+template <int N> class upb::InlinedArena : public upb::Arena {
+ public:
+  InlinedArena() : ptr_(upb_arena_new(&initial_block_, N, &upb_alloc_global)) {}
+
+  upb_arena* ptr() { return ptr_.get(); }
+
+ private:
+  InlinedArena(const InlinedArena*) = delete;
+  InlinedArena& operator=(const InlinedArena*) = delete;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<upb_arena, decltype(&upb_arena_free)> ptr_;
+  char initial_block_[N];
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* Constants ******************************************************************/
+
+/* Generic function type. */
+typedef void upb_func(void);
+
+/* A list of types as they are encoded on-the-wire. */
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT      = 0,
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT       = 1,
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED   = 2,
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP = 3,
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP   = 4,
+  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT       = 5
+} upb_wiretype_t;
+
+/* The types a field can have.  Note that this list is not identical to the
+ * types defined in descriptor.proto, which gives INT32 and SINT32 separate
+ * types (we distinguish the two with the "integer encoding" enum below). */
+typedef enum {
+  /* Types stored in 1 byte. */
+  UPB_TYPE_BOOL     = 1,
+  /* Types stored in 4 bytes. */
+  UPB_TYPE_FLOAT    = 2,
+  UPB_TYPE_INT32    = 3,
+  UPB_TYPE_UINT32   = 4,
+  UPB_TYPE_ENUM     = 5,  /* Enum values are int32. */
+  /* Types stored as pointers (probably 4 or 8 bytes). */
+  UPB_TYPE_STRING   = 6,
+  UPB_TYPE_BYTES    = 7,
+  UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE  = 8,
+  /* Types stored as 8 bytes. */
+  UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE   = 9,
+  UPB_TYPE_INT64    = 10,
+  UPB_TYPE_UINT64   = 11
+} upb_fieldtype_t;
+
+/* The repeated-ness of each field; this matches descriptor.proto. */
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL = 1,
+  UPB_LABEL_REQUIRED = 2,
+  UPB_LABEL_REPEATED = 3
+} upb_label_t;
+
+/* Descriptor types, as defined in descriptor.proto. */
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DOUBLE   = 1,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FLOAT    = 2,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT64    = 3,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT64   = 4,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32    = 5,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64  = 6,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32  = 7,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BOOL     = 8,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING   = 9,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP    = 10,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE  = 11,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES    = 12,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT32   = 13,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM     = 14,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32   = 17,
+  UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64   = 18
+} upb_descriptortype_t;
+
+extern const uint8_t upb_desctype_to_fieldtype[];
+
+
+#endif  /* UPB_H_ */
+/*
+** upb_decode: parsing into a upb_msg using a upb_msglayout.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_DECODE_H_
+#define UPB_DECODE_H_
+
+/*
+** Data structures for message tables, used for parsing and serialization.
+** This are much lighter-weight than full reflection, but they are do not
+** have enough information to convert to text format, JSON, etc.
+**
+** The definitions in this file are internal to upb.
+**/
+
+#ifndef UPB_MSG_H_
+#define UPB_MSG_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef void upb_msg;
+
+/** upb_msglayout *************************************************************/
+
+/* upb_msglayout represents the memory layout of a given upb_msgdef.  The
+ * members are public so generated code can initialize them, but users MUST NOT
+ * read or write any of its members. */
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint32_t number;
+  uint16_t offset;
+  int16_t presence;      /* If >0, hasbit_index+1.  If <0, oneof_index+1. */
+  uint16_t submsg_index;  /* undefined if descriptortype != MESSAGE or GROUP. */
+  uint8_t descriptortype;
+  uint8_t label;
+} upb_msglayout_field;
+
+typedef struct upb_msglayout {
+  const struct upb_msglayout *const* submsgs;
+  const upb_msglayout_field *fields;
+  /* Must be aligned to sizeof(void*).  Doesn't include internal members like
+   * unknown fields, extension dict, pointer to msglayout, etc. */
+  uint16_t size;
+  uint16_t field_count;
+  bool extendable;
+} upb_msglayout;
+
+/** Message internal representation *******************************************/
+
+/* Our internal representation for repeated fields. */
+typedef struct {
+  void *data;   /* Each element is element_size. */
+  size_t len;   /* Measured in elements. */
+  size_t size;  /* Measured in elements. */
+} upb_array;
+
+upb_msg *upb_msg_new(const upb_msglayout *l, upb_arena *a);
+upb_msg *upb_msg_new(const upb_msglayout *l, upb_arena *a);
+
+void upb_msg_addunknown(upb_msg *msg, const char *data, size_t len,
+                        upb_arena *arena);
+const char *upb_msg_getunknown(const upb_msg *msg, size_t *len);
+
+upb_array *upb_array_new(upb_arena *a);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif /* UPB_MSG_H_ */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+bool upb_decode(const char *buf, size_t size, upb_msg *msg,
+                const upb_msglayout *l, upb_arena *arena);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* UPB_DECODE_H_ */
+/*
+** upb_encode: parsing into a upb_msg using a upb_msglayout.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_ENCODE_H_
+#define UPB_ENCODE_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+char *upb_encode(const void *msg, const upb_msglayout *l, upb_arena *arena,
+                 size_t *size);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* UPB_ENCODE_H_ */
+/*
+** upb_table
+**
+** This header is INTERNAL-ONLY!  Its interfaces are not public or stable!
+** This file defines very fast int->upb_value (inttable) and string->upb_value
+** (strtable) hash tables.
+**
+** The table uses chained scatter with Brent's variation (inspired by the Lua
+** implementation of hash tables).  The hash function for strings is Austin
+** Appleby's "MurmurHash."
+**
+** The inttable uses uintptr_t as its key, which guarantees it can be used to
+** store pointers or integers of at least 32 bits (upb isn't really useful on
+** systems where sizeof(void*) < 4).
+**
+** The table must be homogenous (all values of the same type).  In debug
+** mode, we check this on insert and lookup.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_TABLE_H_
+#define UPB_TABLE_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+/* upb_value ******************************************************************/
+
+/* A tagged union (stored untagged inside the table) so that we can check that
+ * clients calling table accessors are correctly typed without having to have
+ * an explosion of accessors. */
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_CTYPE_INT32    = 1,
+  UPB_CTYPE_INT64    = 2,
+  UPB_CTYPE_UINT32   = 3,
+  UPB_CTYPE_UINT64   = 4,
+  UPB_CTYPE_BOOL     = 5,
+  UPB_CTYPE_CSTR     = 6,
+  UPB_CTYPE_PTR      = 7,
+  UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR = 8,
+  UPB_CTYPE_FPTR     = 9,
+  UPB_CTYPE_FLOAT    = 10,
+  UPB_CTYPE_DOUBLE   = 11
+} upb_ctype_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint64_t val;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  /* In debug mode we carry the value type around also so we can check accesses
+   * to be sure the right member is being read. */
+  upb_ctype_t ctype;
+#endif
+} upb_value;
+
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define SET_TYPE(dest, val)      UPB_UNUSED(val)
+#else
+#define SET_TYPE(dest, val) dest = val
+#endif
+
+/* Like strdup(), which isn't always available since it's not ANSI C. */
+char *upb_strdup(const char *s, upb_alloc *a);
+/* Variant that works with a length-delimited rather than NULL-delimited string,
+ * as supported by strtable. */
+char *upb_strdup2(const char *s, size_t len, upb_alloc *a);
+
+UPB_INLINE char *upb_gstrdup(const char *s) {
+  return upb_strdup(s, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void _upb_value_setval(upb_value *v, uint64_t val,
+                                  upb_ctype_t ctype) {
+  v->val = val;
+  SET_TYPE(v->ctype, ctype);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_value _upb_value_val(uint64_t val, upb_ctype_t ctype) {
+  upb_value ret;
+  _upb_value_setval(&ret, val, ctype);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* For each value ctype, define the following set of functions:
+ *
+ * // Get/set an int32 from a upb_value.
+ * int32_t upb_value_getint32(upb_value val);
+ * void upb_value_setint32(upb_value *val, int32_t cval);
+ *
+ * // Construct a new upb_value from an int32.
+ * upb_value upb_value_int32(int32_t val); */
+#define FUNCS(name, membername, type_t, converter, proto_type) \
+  UPB_INLINE void upb_value_set ## name(upb_value *val, type_t cval) { \
+    val->val = (converter)cval; \
+    SET_TYPE(val->ctype, proto_type); \
+  } \
+  UPB_INLINE upb_value upb_value_ ## name(type_t val) { \
+    upb_value ret; \
+    upb_value_set ## name(&ret, val); \
+    return ret; \
+  } \
+  UPB_INLINE type_t upb_value_get ## name(upb_value val) { \
+    UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR(val.ctype == proto_type); \
+    return (type_t)(converter)val.val; \
+  }
+
+FUNCS(int32,    int32,        int32_t,      int32_t,    UPB_CTYPE_INT32)
+FUNCS(int64,    int64,        int64_t,      int64_t,    UPB_CTYPE_INT64)
+FUNCS(uint32,   uint32,       uint32_t,     uint32_t,   UPB_CTYPE_UINT32)
+FUNCS(uint64,   uint64,       uint64_t,     uint64_t,   UPB_CTYPE_UINT64)
+FUNCS(bool,     _bool,        bool,         bool,       UPB_CTYPE_BOOL)
+FUNCS(cstr,     cstr,         char*,        uintptr_t,  UPB_CTYPE_CSTR)
+FUNCS(ptr,      ptr,          void*,        uintptr_t,  UPB_CTYPE_PTR)
+FUNCS(constptr, constptr,     const void*,  uintptr_t,  UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR)
+FUNCS(fptr,     fptr,         upb_func*,    uintptr_t,  UPB_CTYPE_FPTR)
+
+#undef FUNCS
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_value_setfloat(upb_value *val, float cval) {
+  memcpy(&val->val, &cval, sizeof(cval));
+  SET_TYPE(val->ctype, UPB_CTYPE_FLOAT);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_value_setdouble(upb_value *val, double cval) {
+  memcpy(&val->val, &cval, sizeof(cval));
+  SET_TYPE(val->ctype, UPB_CTYPE_DOUBLE);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_value upb_value_float(float cval) {
+  upb_value ret;
+  upb_value_setfloat(&ret, cval);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_value upb_value_double(double cval) {
+  upb_value ret;
+  upb_value_setdouble(&ret, cval);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+#undef SET_TYPE
+
+
+/* upb_tabkey *****************************************************************/
+
+/* Either:
+ *   1. an actual integer key, or
+ *   2. a pointer to a string prefixed by its uint32_t length, owned by us.
+ *
+ * ...depending on whether this is a string table or an int table.  We would
+ * make this a union of those two types, but C89 doesn't support statically
+ * initializing a non-first union member. */
+typedef uintptr_t upb_tabkey;
+
+UPB_INLINE char *upb_tabstr(upb_tabkey key, uint32_t *len) {
+  char* mem = (char*)key;
+  if (len) memcpy(len, mem, sizeof(*len));
+  return mem + sizeof(*len);
+}
+
+
+/* upb_tabval *****************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint64_t val;
+} upb_tabval;
+
+#define UPB_TABVALUE_EMPTY_INIT  {-1}
+
+
+/* upb_table ******************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct _upb_tabent {
+  upb_tabkey key;
+  upb_tabval val;
+
+  /* Internal chaining.  This is const so we can create static initializers for
+   * tables.  We cast away const sometimes, but *only* when the containing
+   * upb_table is known to be non-const.  This requires a bit of care, but
+   * the subtlety is confined to table.c. */
+  const struct _upb_tabent *next;
+} upb_tabent;
+
+typedef struct {
+  size_t count;          /* Number of entries in the hash part. */
+  size_t mask;           /* Mask to turn hash value -> bucket. */
+  upb_ctype_t ctype;     /* Type of all values. */
+  uint8_t size_lg2;      /* Size of the hashtable part is 2^size_lg2 entries. */
+
+  /* Hash table entries.
+   * Making this const isn't entirely accurate; what we really want is for it to
+   * have the same const-ness as the table it's inside.  But there's no way to
+   * declare that in C.  So we have to make it const so that we can statically
+   * initialize const hash tables.  Then we cast away const when we have to.
+   */
+  const upb_tabent *entries;
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  /* This table's allocator.  We make the user pass it in to every relevant
+   * function and only use this to check it in debug mode.  We do this solely
+   * to keep upb_table as small as possible.  This might seem slightly paranoid
+   * but the plan is to use upb_table for all map fields and extension sets in
+   * a forthcoming message representation, so there could be a lot of these.
+   * If this turns out to be too annoying later, we can change it (since this
+   * is an internal-only header file). */
+  upb_alloc *alloc;
+#endif
+} upb_table;
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_table t;
+} upb_strtable;
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_table t;              /* For entries that don't fit in the array part. */
+  const upb_tabval *array;  /* Array part of the table. See const note above. */
+  size_t array_size;        /* Array part size. */
+  size_t array_count;       /* Array part number of elements. */
+} upb_inttable;
+
+#define UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(count, mask, ctype, size_lg2, ent, a, asize, acount) \
+  {UPB_TABLE_INIT(count, mask, ctype, size_lg2, ent), a, asize, acount}
+
+#define UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(ctype) \
+  UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, ctype, 0, NULL, NULL, 0, 0)
+
+#define UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT -1
+
+UPB_INLINE size_t upb_table_size(const upb_table *t) {
+  if (t->size_lg2 == 0)
+    return 0;
+  else
+    return 1 << t->size_lg2;
+}
+
+/* Internal-only functions, in .h file only out of necessity. */
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_tabent_isempty(const upb_tabent *e) {
+  return e->key == 0;
+}
+
+/* Used by some of the unit tests for generic hashing functionality. */
+uint32_t upb_murmur_hash2(const void * key, size_t len, uint32_t seed);
+
+UPB_INLINE uintptr_t upb_intkey(uintptr_t key) {
+  return key;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE uint32_t upb_inthash(uintptr_t key) {
+  return (uint32_t)key;
+}
+
+static const upb_tabent *upb_getentry(const upb_table *t, uint32_t hash) {
+  return t->entries + (hash & t->mask);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_arrhas(upb_tabval key) {
+  return key.val != (uint64_t)-1;
+}
+
+/* Initialize and uninitialize a table, respectively.  If memory allocation
+ * failed, false is returned that the table is uninitialized. */
+bool upb_inttable_init2(upb_inttable *table, upb_ctype_t ctype, upb_alloc *a);
+bool upb_strtable_init2(upb_strtable *table, upb_ctype_t ctype, upb_alloc *a);
+void upb_inttable_uninit2(upb_inttable *table, upb_alloc *a);
+void upb_strtable_uninit2(upb_strtable *table, upb_alloc *a);
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_inttable_init(upb_inttable *table, upb_ctype_t ctype) {
+  return upb_inttable_init2(table, ctype, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_strtable_init(upb_strtable *table, upb_ctype_t ctype) {
+  return upb_strtable_init2(table, ctype, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_inttable_uninit(upb_inttable *table) {
+  upb_inttable_uninit2(table, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_strtable_uninit(upb_strtable *table) {
+  upb_strtable_uninit2(table, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+/* Returns the number of values in the table. */
+size_t upb_inttable_count(const upb_inttable *t);
+UPB_INLINE size_t upb_strtable_count(const upb_strtable *t) {
+  return t->t.count;
+}
+
+void upb_inttable_packedsize(const upb_inttable *t, size_t *size);
+void upb_strtable_packedsize(const upb_strtable *t, size_t *size);
+upb_inttable *upb_inttable_pack(const upb_inttable *t, void *p, size_t *ofs,
+                                size_t size);
+upb_strtable *upb_strtable_pack(const upb_strtable *t, void *p, size_t *ofs,
+                                size_t size);
+
+/* Inserts the given key into the hashtable with the given value.  The key must
+ * not already exist in the hash table.  For string tables, the key must be
+ * NULL-terminated, and the table will make an internal copy of the key.
+ * Inttables must not insert a value of UINTPTR_MAX.
+ *
+ * If a table resize was required but memory allocation failed, false is
+ * returned and the table is unchanged. */
+bool upb_inttable_insert2(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value val,
+                          upb_alloc *a);
+bool upb_strtable_insert3(upb_strtable *t, const char *key, size_t len,
+                          upb_value val, upb_alloc *a);
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_inttable_insert(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key,
+                                    upb_value val) {
+  return upb_inttable_insert2(t, key, val, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_strtable_insert2(upb_strtable *t, const char *key,
+                                     size_t len, upb_value val) {
+  return upb_strtable_insert3(t, key, len, val, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+/* For NULL-terminated strings. */
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_strtable_insert(upb_strtable *t, const char *key,
+                                    upb_value val) {
+  return upb_strtable_insert2(t, key, strlen(key), val);
+}
+
+/* Looks up key in this table, returning "true" if the key was found.
+ * If v is non-NULL, copies the value for this key into *v. */
+bool upb_inttable_lookup(const upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value *v);
+bool upb_strtable_lookup2(const upb_strtable *t, const char *key, size_t len,
+                          upb_value *v);
+
+/* For NULL-terminated strings. */
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_strtable_lookup(const upb_strtable *t, const char *key,
+                                    upb_value *v) {
+  return upb_strtable_lookup2(t, key, strlen(key), v);
+}
+
+/* Removes an item from the table.  Returns true if the remove was successful,
+ * and stores the removed item in *val if non-NULL. */
+bool upb_inttable_remove(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value *val);
+bool upb_strtable_remove3(upb_strtable *t, const char *key, size_t len,
+                          upb_value *val, upb_alloc *alloc);
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_strtable_remove2(upb_strtable *t, const char *key,
+                                     size_t len, upb_value *val) {
+  return upb_strtable_remove3(t, key, len, val, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+/* For NULL-terminated strings. */
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_strtable_remove(upb_strtable *t, const char *key,
+                                    upb_value *v) {
+  return upb_strtable_remove2(t, key, strlen(key), v);
+}
+
+/* Updates an existing entry in an inttable.  If the entry does not exist,
+ * returns false and does nothing.  Unlike insert/remove, this does not
+ * invalidate iterators. */
+bool upb_inttable_replace(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value val);
+
+/* Handy routines for treating an inttable like a stack.  May not be mixed with
+ * other insert/remove calls. */
+bool upb_inttable_push2(upb_inttable *t, upb_value val, upb_alloc *a);
+upb_value upb_inttable_pop(upb_inttable *t);
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_inttable_push(upb_inttable *t, upb_value val) {
+  return upb_inttable_push2(t, val, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+/* Convenience routines for inttables with pointer keys. */
+bool upb_inttable_insertptr2(upb_inttable *t, const void *key, upb_value val,
+                             upb_alloc *a);
+bool upb_inttable_removeptr(upb_inttable *t, const void *key, upb_value *val);
+bool upb_inttable_lookupptr(
+    const upb_inttable *t, const void *key, upb_value *val);
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_inttable_insertptr(upb_inttable *t, const void *key,
+                                       upb_value val) {
+  return upb_inttable_insertptr2(t, key, val, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+/* Optimizes the table for the current set of entries, for both memory use and
+ * lookup time.  Client should call this after all entries have been inserted;
+ * inserting more entries is legal, but will likely require a table resize. */
+void upb_inttable_compact2(upb_inttable *t, upb_alloc *a);
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_inttable_compact(upb_inttable *t) {
+  upb_inttable_compact2(t, &upb_alloc_global);
+}
+
+/* A special-case inlinable version of the lookup routine for 32-bit
+ * integers. */
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_inttable_lookup32(const upb_inttable *t, uint32_t key,
+                                      upb_value *v) {
+  *v = upb_value_int32(0);  /* Silence compiler warnings. */
+  if (key < t->array_size) {
+    upb_tabval arrval = t->array[key];
+    if (upb_arrhas(arrval)) {
+      _upb_value_setval(v, arrval.val, t->t.ctype);
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    const upb_tabent *e;
+    if (t->t.entries == NULL) return false;
+    for (e = upb_getentry(&t->t, upb_inthash(key)); true; e = e->next) {
+      if ((uint32_t)e->key == key) {
+        _upb_value_setval(v, e->val.val, t->t.ctype);
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (e->next == NULL) return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* Exposed for testing only. */
+bool upb_strtable_resize(upb_strtable *t, size_t size_lg2, upb_alloc *a);
+
+/* Iterators ******************************************************************/
+
+/* Iterators for int and string tables.  We are subject to some kind of unusual
+ * design constraints:
+ *
+ * For high-level languages:
+ *  - we must be able to guarantee that we don't crash or corrupt memory even if
+ *    the program accesses an invalidated iterator.
+ *
+ * For C++11 range-based for:
+ *  - iterators must be copyable
+ *  - iterators must be comparable
+ *  - it must be possible to construct an "end" value.
+ *
+ * Iteration order is undefined.
+ *
+ * Modifying the table invalidates iterators.  upb_{str,int}table_done() is
+ * guaranteed to work even on an invalidated iterator, as long as the table it
+ * is iterating over has not been freed.  Calling next() or accessing data from
+ * an invalidated iterator yields unspecified elements from the table, but it is
+ * guaranteed not to crash and to return real table elements (except when done()
+ * is true). */
+
+
+/* upb_strtable_iter **********************************************************/
+
+/*   upb_strtable_iter i;
+ *   upb_strtable_begin(&i, t);
+ *   for(; !upb_strtable_done(&i); upb_strtable_next(&i)) {
+ *     const char *key = upb_strtable_iter_key(&i);
+ *     const upb_value val = upb_strtable_iter_value(&i);
+ *     // ...
+ *   }
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_strtable *t;
+  size_t index;
+} upb_strtable_iter;
+
+void upb_strtable_begin(upb_strtable_iter *i, const upb_strtable *t);
+void upb_strtable_next(upb_strtable_iter *i);
+bool upb_strtable_done(const upb_strtable_iter *i);
+const char *upb_strtable_iter_key(const upb_strtable_iter *i);
+size_t upb_strtable_iter_keylength(const upb_strtable_iter *i);
+upb_value upb_strtable_iter_value(const upb_strtable_iter *i);
+void upb_strtable_iter_setdone(upb_strtable_iter *i);
+bool upb_strtable_iter_isequal(const upb_strtable_iter *i1,
+                               const upb_strtable_iter *i2);
+
+
+/* upb_inttable_iter **********************************************************/
+
+/*   upb_inttable_iter i;
+ *   upb_inttable_begin(&i, t);
+ *   for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
+ *     uintptr_t key = upb_inttable_iter_key(&i);
+ *     upb_value val = upb_inttable_iter_value(&i);
+ *     // ...
+ *   }
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_inttable *t;
+  size_t index;
+  bool array_part;
+} upb_inttable_iter;
+
+void upb_inttable_begin(upb_inttable_iter *i, const upb_inttable *t);
+void upb_inttable_next(upb_inttable_iter *i);
+bool upb_inttable_done(const upb_inttable_iter *i);
+uintptr_t upb_inttable_iter_key(const upb_inttable_iter *i);
+upb_value upb_inttable_iter_value(const upb_inttable_iter *i);
+void upb_inttable_iter_setdone(upb_inttable_iter *i);
+bool upb_inttable_iter_isequal(const upb_inttable_iter *i1,
+                               const upb_inttable_iter *i2);
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+
+#endif  /* UPB_TABLE_H_ */
+/* This file was generated by upbc (the upb compiler) from the input
+ * file:
+ *
+ *     google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+ *
+ * Do not edit -- your changes will be discarded when the file is
+ * regenerated. */
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DESCRIPTOR_PROTO_UPB_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DESCRIPTOR_PROTO_UPB_H_
+
+/*
+** Functions for use by generated code.  These are not public and users must
+** not call them directly.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_GENERATED_UTIL_H_
+#define UPB_GENERATED_UTIL_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+
+#define PTR_AT(msg, ofs, type) (type*)((const char*)msg + ofs)
+
+UPB_INLINE const void *_upb_array_accessor(const void *msg, size_t ofs,
+                                           size_t *size) {
+  const upb_array *arr = *PTR_AT(msg, ofs, const upb_array*);
+  if (arr) {
+    if (size) *size = arr->len;
+    return arr->data;
+  } else {
+    if (size) *size = 0;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void *_upb_array_mutable_accessor(void *msg, size_t ofs,
+                                             size_t *size) {
+  upb_array *arr = *PTR_AT(msg, ofs, upb_array*);
+  if (arr) {
+    if (size) *size = arr->len;
+    return arr->data;
+  } else {
+    if (size) *size = 0;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+/* TODO(haberman): this is a mess.  It will improve when upb_array no longer
+ * carries reflective state (type, elem_size). */
+UPB_INLINE void *_upb_array_resize_accessor(void *msg, size_t ofs, size_t size,
+                                            size_t elem_size,
+                                            upb_fieldtype_t type,
+                                            upb_arena *arena) {
+  upb_array *arr = *PTR_AT(msg, ofs, upb_array*);
+
+  if (!arr) {
+    arr = upb_array_new(arena);
+    if (!arr) return NULL;
+    *PTR_AT(msg, ofs, upb_array*) = arr;
+  }
+
+  if (size > arr->size) {
+    size_t new_size = UPB_MAX(arr->size, 4);
+    size_t old_bytes = arr->size * elem_size;
+    size_t new_bytes;
+    while (new_size < size) new_size *= 2;
+    new_bytes = new_size * elem_size;
+    arr->data = upb_arena_realloc(arena, arr->data, old_bytes, new_bytes);
+    if (!arr->data) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    arr->size = new_size;
+  }
+
+  arr->len = size;
+  return arr->data;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool _upb_array_append_accessor(void *msg, size_t ofs,
+                                           size_t elem_size,
+                                           upb_fieldtype_t type,
+                                           const void *value,
+                                           upb_arena *arena) {
+  upb_array *arr = *PTR_AT(msg, ofs, upb_array*);
+  size_t i = arr ? arr->len : 0;
+  void *data =
+      _upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, ofs, i + 1, elem_size, type, arena);
+  if (!data) return false;
+  memcpy(PTR_AT(data, i * elem_size, char), value, elem_size);
+  return true;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool _upb_has_field(const void *msg, size_t idx) {
+  return (*PTR_AT(msg, idx / 8, const char) & (1 << (idx % 8))) != 0;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool _upb_sethas(const void *msg, size_t idx) {
+  return (*PTR_AT(msg, idx / 8, char)) |= (char)(1 << (idx % 8));
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool _upb_clearhas(const void *msg, size_t idx) {
+  return (*PTR_AT(msg, idx / 8, char)) &= (char)(~(1 << (idx % 8)));
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool _upb_has_oneof_field(const void *msg, size_t case_ofs, int32_t num) {
+  return *PTR_AT(msg, case_ofs, int32_t) == num;
+}
+
+#undef PTR_AT
+
+
+#endif  /* UPB_GENERATED_UTIL_H_ */
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+struct google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet;
+struct google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange;
+struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange;
+struct google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange;
+struct google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto;
+struct google_protobuf_FileOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_MessageOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_FieldOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_OneofOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_EnumOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_ServiceOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_MethodOptions;
+struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption;
+struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart;
+struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo;
+struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location;
+struct google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo;
+struct google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto google_protobuf_DescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_FileOptions google_protobuf_FileOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_MessageOptions google_protobuf_MessageOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_FieldOptions google_protobuf_FieldOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_OneofOptions google_protobuf_OneofOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_EnumOptions google_protobuf_EnumOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_ServiceOptions google_protobuf_ServiceOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_MethodOptions google_protobuf_MethodOptions;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo;
+typedef struct google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FileOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_MessageOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_FieldOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_OneofOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_MethodOptions_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_msginit;
+extern const upb_msglayout google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_msginit;
+
+typedef enum {
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_LABEL_OPTIONAL = 1,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_LABEL_REQUIRED = 2,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_LABEL_REPEATED = 3
+} google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_Label;
+
+typedef enum {
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_DOUBLE = 1,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_FLOAT = 2,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_INT64 = 3,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_UINT64 = 4,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_INT32 = 5,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_FIXED64 = 6,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_FIXED32 = 7,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_BOOL = 8,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_STRING = 9,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_GROUP = 10,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_MESSAGE = 11,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_BYTES = 12,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_UINT32 = 13,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_ENUM = 14,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_SINT32 = 17,
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_SINT64 = 18
+} google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_Type;
+
+typedef enum {
+  google_protobuf_FieldOptions_STRING = 0,
+  google_protobuf_FieldOptions_CORD = 1,
+  google_protobuf_FieldOptions_STRING_PIECE = 2
+} google_protobuf_FieldOptions_CType;
+
+typedef enum {
+  google_protobuf_FieldOptions_JS_NORMAL = 0,
+  google_protobuf_FieldOptions_JS_STRING = 1,
+  google_protobuf_FieldOptions_JS_NUMBER = 2
+} google_protobuf_FieldOptions_JSType;
+
+typedef enum {
+  google_protobuf_FileOptions_SPEED = 1,
+  google_protobuf_FileOptions_CODE_SIZE = 2,
+  google_protobuf_FileOptions_LITE_RUNTIME = 3
+} google_protobuf_FileOptions_OptimizeMode;
+
+typedef enum {
+  google_protobuf_MethodOptions_IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN = 0,
+  google_protobuf_MethodOptions_NO_SIDE_EFFECTS = 1,
+  google_protobuf_MethodOptions_IDEMPOTENT = 2
+} google_protobuf_MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel;
+
+
+/* google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *ret = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_serialize(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_file(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_mutable_file(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_resize_file(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet_add_file(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_package(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_package(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_dependency(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (upb_strview const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_message_type(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_enum_type(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_service(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(48, 96), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_extension(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(52, 104), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 4); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_FileOptions* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_FileOptions*, UPB_SIZE(28, 56)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_source_code_info(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 5); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_source_code_info(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo*, UPB_SIZE(32, 64)); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_public_dependency(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (int32_t const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 112), len); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t const* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_weak_dependency(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (int32_t const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(60, 120), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_has_syntax(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_syntax(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(20, 40)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_package(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), len, UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, &val, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_message_type(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_message_type(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_message_type(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_enum_type(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_enum_type(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_enum_type(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_service(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(48, 96), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_service(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(48, 96), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_service(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(48, 96), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_extension(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(52, 104), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_extension(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(52, 104), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_extension(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(52, 104), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_FileOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 4);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_FileOptions*, UPB_SIZE(28, 56)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_FileOptions* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_FileOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_FileOptions*)google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_FileOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FileOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_source_code_info(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 5);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo*, UPB_SIZE(32, 64)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_source_code_info(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo* sub = (struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo*)google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_source_code_info(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_source_code_info(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_public_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 112), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_public_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 112), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_public_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, int32_t val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 112), UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, &val, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_mutable_weak_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(60, 120), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_resize_weak_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(60, 120), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_add_weak_dependency(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, int32_t val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(60, 120), UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, &val, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto_set_syntax(google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(20, 40)) = value;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.DescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_field(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_nested_type(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_enum_type(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_extension_range(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_extension(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(32, 64), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_MessageOptions* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_MessageOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_oneof_decl(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), len); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_reserved_range(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), len); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview const* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_reserved_name(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (upb_strview const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_field(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_field(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_field(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_nested_type(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_nested_type(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_nested_type(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_enum_type(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_enum_type(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_enum_type(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_extension_range(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_extension_range(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_extension_range(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* sub = (struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_extension(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(32, 64), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_extension(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(32, 64), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_extension(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(32, 64), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_MessageOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_MessageOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_MessageOptions* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_MessageOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_MessageOptions*)google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_MessageOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_MessageOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_oneof_decl(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_oneof_decl(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_oneof_decl(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(36, 72), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_reserved_range(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange** google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_reserved_range(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_reserved_range(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* sub = (struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(40, 80), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_mutable_reserved_name(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_resize_reserved_name(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), len, UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_add_reserved_name(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(44, 88), UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, &val, arena);
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *ret = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_serialize(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_has_start(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_start(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_has_end(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_end(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_has_options(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_options(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 16)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_set_start(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_set_end(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_set_options(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg, google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 16)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions* google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_mutable_options(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions*)google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *ret = google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_serialize(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_has_start(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_start(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_has_end(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_end(const google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_set_start(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_set_end(google_protobuf_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *ret = google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_ExtensionRangeOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 5); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(32, 32)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_extendee(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 6); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_extendee(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(40, 48)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_number(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_number(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_label(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_label(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_type(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_type(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_type_name(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 7); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_type_name(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(48, 64)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_default_value(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 8); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_default_value(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(56, 80)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 10); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_FieldOptions* google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_FieldOptions*, UPB_SIZE(72, 112)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_oneof_index(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 4); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_oneof_index(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(28, 28)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_has_json_name(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 9); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_json_name(const google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(64, 96)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 5);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(32, 32)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_extendee(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 6);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(40, 48)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_number(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_label(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_type(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_type_name(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 7);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(48, 64)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_default_value(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 8);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(56, 80)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_FieldOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 10);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_FieldOptions*, UPB_SIZE(72, 112)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_FieldOptions* google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_FieldOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_FieldOptions*)google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_FieldOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FieldOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_oneof_index(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 4);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(28, 28)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto_set_json_name(google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 9);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(64, 96)) = value;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_OneofOptions* google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_OneofOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_OneofOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_OneofOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_OneofOptions* google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_OneofOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_OneofOptions*)google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_OneofOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_OneofOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_OneofDescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_value(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_EnumOptions* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_EnumOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* const* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_reserved_range(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview const* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_reserved_name(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (upb_strview const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_mutable_value(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_resize_value(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_add_value(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_EnumOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_EnumOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_EnumOptions* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_EnumOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumOptions*)google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange** google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_mutable_reserved_range(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange** google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_resize_reserved_range(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_add_reserved_range(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_mutable_reserved_name(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_resize_reserved_name(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len, UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_add_reserved_name(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, &val, arena);
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *ret = google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_serialize(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_has_start(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_start(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_has_end(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_end(const google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_set_start(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_set_end(google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_has_number(const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_number(const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions* google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions*, UPB_SIZE(16, 24)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_set_number(google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions*, UPB_SIZE(16, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions* google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions*)google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_EnumValueDescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto* const* google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_method(const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions* google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_mutable_method(google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto** google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_resize_method(google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto* google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_add_method(google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto* sub = (struct google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(16, 32), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_ServiceOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_ServiceOptions*, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_ServiceOptions* google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_ServiceOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_ServiceOptions*)google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_ServiceOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_ServiceDescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *ret = google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_serialize(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_has_name(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_name(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_has_input_type(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 4); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_input_type(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_has_output_type(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 5); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_output_type(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(20, 40)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_has_options(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 6); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_MethodOptions* google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_options(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, const google_protobuf_MethodOptions*, UPB_SIZE(28, 56)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_has_client_streaming(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_client_streaming(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_has_server_streaming(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_server_streaming(const google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(2, 2)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_set_name(google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_set_input_type(google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 4);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_set_output_type(google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 5);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(20, 40)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_set_options(google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, google_protobuf_MethodOptions* value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 6);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, google_protobuf_MethodOptions*, UPB_SIZE(28, 56)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_MethodOptions* google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_mutable_options(google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_MethodOptions* sub = (struct google_protobuf_MethodOptions*)google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_options(msg);
+  if (sub == NULL) {
+    sub = (struct google_protobuf_MethodOptions*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_MethodOptions_msginit, arena);
+    if (!sub) return NULL;
+    google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_set_options(msg, sub);
+  }
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_set_client_streaming(google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto_set_server_streaming(google_protobuf_MethodDescriptorProto *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(2, 2)) = value;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.FileOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileOptions *google_protobuf_FileOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FileOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FileOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FileOptions *google_protobuf_FileOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_FileOptions *ret = google_protobuf_FileOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_FileOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_FileOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_FileOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_java_package(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 11); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_java_package(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(28, 32)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_java_outer_classname(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 12); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_java_outer_classname(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(36, 48)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_optimize_for(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_FileOptions_optimize_for(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_java_multiple_files(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_java_multiple_files(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_go_package(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 13); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_go_package(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(44, 64)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_cc_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_cc_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(17, 17)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_java_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 4); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_java_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(18, 18)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_py_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 5); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_py_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(19, 19)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 6); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_java_generate_equals_and_hash(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(20, 20)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_deprecated(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 7); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_deprecated(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(21, 21)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_java_string_check_utf8(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 8); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_java_string_check_utf8(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(22, 22)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_cc_enable_arenas(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 9); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_cc_enable_arenas(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(23, 23)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_objc_class_prefix(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 14); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_objc_class_prefix(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(52, 80)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_csharp_namespace(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 15); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_csharp_namespace(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(60, 96)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_swift_prefix(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 16); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_swift_prefix(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(68, 112)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_php_class_prefix(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 17); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_php_class_prefix(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(76, 128)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_php_namespace(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 18); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_php_namespace(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(84, 144)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_php_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 10); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_php_generic_services(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_php_metadata_namespace(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 19); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_php_metadata_namespace(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(92, 160)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FileOptions_has_ruby_package(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 20); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_FileOptions_ruby_package(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(100, 176)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_FileOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(108, 192), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_java_package(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 11);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(28, 32)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_java_outer_classname(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 12);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(36, 48)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_optimize_for(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_java_multiple_files(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_go_package(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 13);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(44, 64)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_cc_generic_services(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(17, 17)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_java_generic_services(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 4);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(18, 18)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_py_generic_services(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 5);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(19, 19)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_java_generate_equals_and_hash(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 6);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(20, 20)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_deprecated(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 7);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(21, 21)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_java_string_check_utf8(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 8);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(22, 22)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_cc_enable_arenas(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 9);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(23, 23)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_objc_class_prefix(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 14);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(52, 80)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_csharp_namespace(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 15);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(60, 96)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_swift_prefix(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 16);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(68, 112)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_php_class_prefix(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 17);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(76, 128)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_php_namespace(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 18);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(84, 144)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_php_generic_services(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 10);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_php_metadata_namespace(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 19);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(92, 160)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FileOptions_set_ruby_package(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 20);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(100, 176)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_FileOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(108, 192), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_FileOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(108, 192), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_FileOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_FileOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(108, 192), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.MessageOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MessageOptions *google_protobuf_MessageOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_MessageOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_MessageOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MessageOptions *google_protobuf_MessageOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_MessageOptions *ret = google_protobuf_MessageOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_MessageOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_MessageOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_MessageOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_has_message_set_wire_format(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_message_set_wire_format(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(2, 2)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_has_deprecated(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_deprecated(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(3, 3)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_has_map_entry(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 4); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MessageOptions_map_entry(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_MessageOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MessageOptions_set_message_set_wire_format(google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MessageOptions_set_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(2, 2)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MessageOptions_set_deprecated(google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(3, 3)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MessageOptions_set_map_entry(google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 4);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_MessageOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_MessageOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_MessageOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_MessageOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(8, 8), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.FieldOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldOptions *google_protobuf_FieldOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_FieldOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_FieldOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_FieldOptions *google_protobuf_FieldOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_FieldOptions *ret = google_protobuf_FieldOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_FieldOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_FieldOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_FieldOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_has_ctype(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_FieldOptions_ctype(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_has_packed(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_packed(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_has_deprecated(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 4); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_deprecated(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(25, 25)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_has_lazy(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 5); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_lazy(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(26, 26)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_has_jstype(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_FieldOptions_jstype(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_has_weak(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 6); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_FieldOptions_weak(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(27, 27)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_FieldOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 32), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldOptions_set_ctype(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldOptions_set_packed(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldOptions_set_deprecated(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 4);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(25, 25)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldOptions_set_lazy(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 5);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(26, 26)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldOptions_set_jstype(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_FieldOptions_set_weak(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 6);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(27, 27)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_FieldOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 32), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_FieldOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 32), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_FieldOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_FieldOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 32), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.OneofOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_OneofOptions *google_protobuf_OneofOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_OneofOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_OneofOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_OneofOptions *google_protobuf_OneofOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_OneofOptions *ret = google_protobuf_OneofOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_OneofOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_OneofOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_OneofOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_OneofOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_OneofOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_OneofOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_OneofOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_OneofOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_OneofOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_OneofOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_OneofOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_OneofOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.EnumOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumOptions *google_protobuf_EnumOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumOptions *google_protobuf_EnumOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_EnumOptions *ret = google_protobuf_EnumOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_EnumOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_EnumOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_EnumOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumOptions_has_allow_alias(const google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumOptions_allow_alias(const google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumOptions_has_deprecated(const google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumOptions_deprecated(const google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(2, 2)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_EnumOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumOptions_set_allow_alias(google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumOptions_set_deprecated(google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(2, 2)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_EnumOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_EnumOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_EnumOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_EnumOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *ret = google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_has_deprecated(const google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_deprecated(const google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_set_deprecated(google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_EnumValueOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.ServiceOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *ret = google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_has_deprecated(const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_deprecated(const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_set_deprecated(google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_ServiceOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_ServiceOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.MethodOptions */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MethodOptions *google_protobuf_MethodOptions_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_MethodOptions *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_MethodOptions_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_MethodOptions *google_protobuf_MethodOptions_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_MethodOptions *ret = google_protobuf_MethodOptions_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_MethodOptions_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_MethodOptions_serialize(const google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_MethodOptions_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodOptions_has_deprecated(const google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodOptions_deprecated(const google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_MethodOptions_has_idempotency_level(const google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_MethodOptions_idempotency_level(const google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const* google_protobuf_MethodOptions_uninterpreted_option(const google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 24), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodOptions_set_deprecated(google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_MethodOptions_set_idempotency_level(google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_MethodOptions_mutable_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 24), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption** google_protobuf_MethodOptions_resize_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 24), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* google_protobuf_MethodOptions_add_uninterpreted_option(google_protobuf_MethodOptions *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 24), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *ret = google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_serialize(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart* const* google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_name(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 80), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_has_identifier_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 4); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_identifier_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(32, 32)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_has_positive_int_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE uint64_t google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_positive_int_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, uint64_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_has_negative_int_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE int64_t google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_negative_int_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int64_t, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_has_double_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE double google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_double_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, double, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_has_string_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 5); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_string_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(40, 48)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_has_aggregate_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 6); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_aggregate_value(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(48, 64)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart** google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_mutable_name(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 80), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart** google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_resize_name(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 80), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart* google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_add_name(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart* sub = (struct google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(56, 80), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_set_identifier_value(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 4);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(32, 32)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_set_positive_int_value(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, uint64_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, uint64_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_set_negative_int_value(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, int64_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int64_t, UPB_SIZE(16, 16)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_set_double_value(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, double value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, double, UPB_SIZE(24, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_set_string_value(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 5);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(40, 48)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_set_aggregate_value(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 6);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(48, 64)) = value;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *ret = google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_serialize(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_has_name_part(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_name_part(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_has_is_extension(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_is_extension(const google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_set_name_part(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_set_is_extension(google_protobuf_UninterpretedOption_NamePart *msg, bool value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, bool, UPB_SIZE(1, 1)) = value;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *ret = google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_serialize(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location* const* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_location(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location** google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_mutable_location(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location** google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_resize_location(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_add_location(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location* sub = (struct google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *ret = google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_serialize(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE int32_t const* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_path(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t *len) { return (int32_t const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t const* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_span(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t *len) { return (int32_t const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_has_leading_comments(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_leading_comments(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_has_trailing_comments(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_trailing_comments(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview const* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_leading_detached_comments(const google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t *len) { return (upb_strview const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_mutable_path(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_resize_path(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_add_path(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, int32_t val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 40), UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, &val, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_mutable_span(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_resize_span(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_add_span(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, int32_t val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(24, 48), UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, &val, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_set_leading_comments(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(4, 8)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_set_trailing_comments(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 24)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_mutable_leading_detached_comments(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview* google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_resize_leading_detached_comments(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (upb_strview*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), len, UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location_add_leading_detached_comments(google_protobuf_SourceCodeInfo_Location *msg, upb_strview val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(28, 56), UPB_SIZE(8, 16), UPB_TYPE_STRING, &val, arena);
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *ret = google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_serialize(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* const* google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_annotation(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *msg, size_t *len) { return (const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len); }
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation** google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_mutable_annotation(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation**)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation** google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_resize_annotation(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation**)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE struct google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_add_annotation(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo *msg, upb_arena *arena) {
+  struct google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* sub = (struct google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation*)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_msginit, arena);
+  bool ok = _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(0, 0), UPB_SIZE(4, 8), UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, &sub, arena);
+  if (!ok) return NULL;
+  return sub;
+}
+
+/* google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation */
+
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_new(upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *)upb_msg_new(&google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_msginit, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_parse(const char *buf, size_t size,
+                        upb_arena *arena) {
+  google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *ret = google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_new(arena);
+  return (ret && upb_decode(buf, size, ret, &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_msginit, arena)) ? ret : NULL;
+}
+UPB_INLINE char *google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_serialize(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, upb_arena *arena, size_t *len) {
+  return upb_encode(msg, &google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_msginit, arena, len);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE int32_t const* google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_path(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, size_t *len) { return (int32_t const*)_upb_array_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 32), len); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_has_source_file(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 3); }
+UPB_INLINE upb_strview google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_source_file(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 16)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_has_begin(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 1); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_begin(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)); }
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_has_end(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg) { return _upb_has_field(msg, 2); }
+UPB_INLINE int32_t google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_end(const google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg) { return UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)); }
+
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_mutable_path(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, size_t *len) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_mutable_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 32), len);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int32_t* google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_resize_path(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, size_t len, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return (int32_t*)_upb_array_resize_accessor(msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 32), len, UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE bool google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_add_path(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, int32_t val, upb_arena *arena) {
+  return _upb_array_append_accessor(
+      msg, UPB_SIZE(20, 32), UPB_SIZE(4, 4), UPB_TYPE_INT32, &val, arena);
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_set_source_file(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, upb_strview value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 3);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, upb_strview, UPB_SIZE(12, 16)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_set_begin(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 1);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(4, 4)) = value;
+}
+UPB_INLINE void google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_set_end(google_protobuf_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation *msg, int32_t value) {
+  _upb_sethas(msg, 2);
+  UPB_FIELD_AT(msg, int32_t, UPB_SIZE(8, 8)) = value;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+
+#endif  /* GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DESCRIPTOR_PROTO_UPB_H_ */
+/*
+** Defs are upb's internal representation of the constructs that can appear
+** in a .proto file:
+**
+** - upb::MessageDefPtr (upb_msgdef): describes a "message" construct.
+** - upb::FieldDefPtr (upb_fielddef): describes a message field.
+** - upb::FileDefPtr (upb_filedef): describes a .proto file and its defs.
+** - upb::EnumDefPtr (upb_enumdef): describes an enum.
+** - upb::OneofDefPtr (upb_oneofdef): describes a oneof.
+**
+** TODO: definitions of services.
+**
+** This is a mixed C/C++ interface that offers a full API to both languages.
+** See the top-level README for more information.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_DEF_H_
+#define UPB_DEF_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace upb {
+class EnumDefPtr;
+class FieldDefPtr;
+class FileDefPtr;
+class MessageDefPtr;
+class OneofDefPtr;
+class SymbolTable;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+struct upb_enumdef;
+typedef struct upb_enumdef upb_enumdef;
+struct upb_fielddef;
+typedef struct upb_fielddef upb_fielddef;
+struct upb_filedef;
+typedef struct upb_filedef upb_filedef;
+struct upb_msgdef;
+typedef struct upb_msgdef upb_msgdef;
+struct upb_oneofdef;
+typedef struct upb_oneofdef upb_oneofdef;
+struct upb_symtab;
+typedef struct upb_symtab upb_symtab;
+
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO2 = 2,
+  UPB_SYNTAX_PROTO3 = 3
+} upb_syntax_t;
+
+/* All the different kind of well known type messages. For simplicity of check,
+ * number wrappers and string wrappers are grouped together. Make sure the
+ * order and merber of these groups are not changed.
+ */
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_ANY,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_FIELDMASK,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_DURATION,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_TIMESTAMP,
+  /* number wrappers */
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_DOUBLEVALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_FLOATVALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT64VALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT64VALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_INT32VALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_UINT32VALUE,
+  /* string wrappers */
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRINGVALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_BYTESVALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_BOOLVALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_VALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_LISTVALUE,
+  UPB_WELLKNOWN_STRUCT
+} upb_wellknowntype_t;
+
+/* upb_fielddef ***************************************************************/
+
+/* Maximum field number allowed for FieldDefs.  This is an inherent limit of the
+ * protobuf wire format. */
+#define UPB_MAX_FIELDNUMBER ((1 << 29) - 1)
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+const char *upb_fielddef_fullname(const upb_fielddef *f);
+upb_fieldtype_t upb_fielddef_type(const upb_fielddef *f);
+upb_descriptortype_t upb_fielddef_descriptortype(const upb_fielddef *f);
+upb_label_t upb_fielddef_label(const upb_fielddef *f);
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_number(const upb_fielddef *f);
+const char *upb_fielddef_name(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_isextension(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_lazy(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_packed(const upb_fielddef *f);
+size_t upb_fielddef_getjsonname(const upb_fielddef *f, char *buf, size_t len);
+const upb_msgdef *upb_fielddef_containingtype(const upb_fielddef *f);
+const upb_oneofdef *upb_fielddef_containingoneof(const upb_fielddef *f);
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_index(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_issubmsg(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_isstring(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_isseq(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_isprimitive(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_ismap(const upb_fielddef *f);
+int64_t upb_fielddef_defaultint64(const upb_fielddef *f);
+int32_t upb_fielddef_defaultint32(const upb_fielddef *f);
+uint64_t upb_fielddef_defaultuint64(const upb_fielddef *f);
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_defaultuint32(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_defaultbool(const upb_fielddef *f);
+float upb_fielddef_defaultfloat(const upb_fielddef *f);
+double upb_fielddef_defaultdouble(const upb_fielddef *f);
+const char *upb_fielddef_defaultstr(const upb_fielddef *f, size_t *len);
+bool upb_fielddef_hassubdef(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_fielddef_haspresence(const upb_fielddef *f);
+const upb_msgdef *upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(const upb_fielddef *f);
+const upb_enumdef *upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(const upb_fielddef *f);
+
+/* Internal only. */
+uint32_t upb_fielddef_selectorbase(const upb_fielddef *f);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* A upb_fielddef describes a single field in a message.  It is most often
+ * found as a part of a upb_msgdef, but can also stand alone to represent
+ * an extension. */
+class upb::FieldDefPtr {
+ public:
+  FieldDefPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  explicit FieldDefPtr(const upb_fielddef *ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_fielddef* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  typedef upb_fieldtype_t Type;
+  typedef upb_label_t Label;
+  typedef upb_descriptortype_t DescriptorType;
+
+  const char* full_name() const { return upb_fielddef_fullname(ptr_); }
+
+  Type type() const { return upb_fielddef_type(ptr_); }
+  Label label() const { return upb_fielddef_label(ptr_); }
+  const char* name() const { return upb_fielddef_name(ptr_); }
+  uint32_t number() const { return upb_fielddef_number(ptr_); }
+  bool is_extension() const { return upb_fielddef_isextension(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Copies the JSON name for this field into the given buffer.  Returns the
+   * actual size of the JSON name, including the NULL terminator.  If the
+   * return value is 0, the JSON name is unset.  If the return value is
+   * greater than len, the JSON name was truncated.  The buffer is always
+   * NULL-terminated if len > 0.
+   *
+   * The JSON name always defaults to a camelCased version of the regular
+   * name.  However if the regular name is unset, the JSON name will be unset
+   * also.
+   */
+  size_t GetJsonName(char *buf, size_t len) const {
+    return upb_fielddef_getjsonname(ptr_, buf, len);
+  }
+
+  /* Convenience version of the above function which copies the JSON name
+   * into the given string, returning false if the name is not set. */
+  template <class T>
+  bool GetJsonName(T* str) {
+    str->resize(GetJsonName(NULL, 0));
+    GetJsonName(&(*str)[0], str->size());
+    return str->size() > 0;
+  }
+
+  /* For UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE fields only where is_tag_delimited() == false,
+   * indicates whether this field should have lazy parsing handlers that yield
+   * the unparsed string for the submessage.
+   *
+   * TODO(haberman): I think we want to move this into a FieldOptions container
+   * when we add support for custom options (the FieldOptions struct will
+   * contain both regular FieldOptions like "lazy" *and* custom options). */
+  bool lazy() const { return upb_fielddef_lazy(ptr_); }
+
+  /* For non-string, non-submessage fields, this indicates whether binary
+   * protobufs are encoded in packed or non-packed format.
+   *
+   * TODO(haberman): see note above about putting options like this into a
+   * FieldOptions container. */
+  bool packed() const { return upb_fielddef_packed(ptr_); }
+
+  /* An integer that can be used as an index into an array of fields for
+   * whatever message this field belongs to.  Guaranteed to be less than
+   * f->containing_type()->field_count().  May only be accessed once the def has
+   * been finalized. */
+  uint32_t index() const { return upb_fielddef_index(ptr_); }
+
+  /* The MessageDef to which this field belongs.
+   *
+   * If this field has been added to a MessageDef, that message can be retrieved
+   * directly (this is always the case for frozen FieldDefs).
+   *
+   * If the field has not yet been added to a MessageDef, you can set the name
+   * of the containing type symbolically instead.  This is mostly useful for
+   * extensions, where the extension is declared separately from the message. */
+  MessageDefPtr containing_type() const;
+
+  /* The OneofDef to which this field belongs, or NULL if this field is not part
+   * of a oneof. */
+  OneofDefPtr containing_oneof() const;
+
+  /* The field's type according to the enum in descriptor.proto.  This is not
+   * the same as UPB_TYPE_*, because it distinguishes between (for example)
+   * INT32 and SINT32, whereas our "type" enum does not.  This return of
+   * descriptor_type() is a function of type(), integer_format(), and
+   * is_tag_delimited().  */
+  DescriptorType descriptor_type() const {
+    return upb_fielddef_descriptortype(ptr_);
+  }
+
+  /* Convenient field type tests. */
+  bool IsSubMessage() const { return upb_fielddef_issubmsg(ptr_); }
+  bool IsString() const { return upb_fielddef_isstring(ptr_); }
+  bool IsSequence() const { return upb_fielddef_isseq(ptr_); }
+  bool IsPrimitive() const { return upb_fielddef_isprimitive(ptr_); }
+  bool IsMap() const { return upb_fielddef_ismap(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Returns the non-string default value for this fielddef, which may either
+   * be something the client set explicitly or the "default default" (0 for
+   * numbers, empty for strings).  The field's type indicates the type of the
+   * returned value, except for enum fields that are still mutable.
+   *
+   * Requires that the given function matches the field's current type. */
+  int64_t default_int64() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultint64(ptr_); }
+  int32_t default_int32() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultint32(ptr_); }
+  uint64_t default_uint64() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultuint64(ptr_); }
+  uint32_t default_uint32() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultuint32(ptr_); }
+  bool default_bool() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultbool(ptr_); }
+  float default_float() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultfloat(ptr_); }
+  double default_double() const { return upb_fielddef_defaultdouble(ptr_); }
+
+  /* The resulting string is always NULL-terminated.  If non-NULL, the length
+   * will be stored in *len. */
+  const char *default_string(size_t * len) const {
+    return upb_fielddef_defaultstr(ptr_, len);
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the enum or submessage def for this field, if any.  The field's
+   * type must match (ie. you may only call enum_subdef() for fields where
+   * type() == UPB_TYPE_ENUM). */
+  EnumDefPtr enum_subdef() const;
+  MessageDefPtr message_subdef() const;
+
+ private:
+  const upb_fielddef *ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_oneofdef ***************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef upb_inttable_iter upb_oneof_iter;
+
+const char *upb_oneofdef_name(const upb_oneofdef *o);
+const upb_msgdef *upb_oneofdef_containingtype(const upb_oneofdef *o);
+int upb_oneofdef_numfields(const upb_oneofdef *o);
+uint32_t upb_oneofdef_index(const upb_oneofdef *o);
+
+/* Oneof lookups:
+ * - ntof:  look up a field by name.
+ * - ntofz: look up a field by name (as a null-terminated string).
+ * - itof:  look up a field by number. */
+const upb_fielddef *upb_oneofdef_ntof(const upb_oneofdef *o,
+                                      const char *name, size_t length);
+UPB_INLINE const upb_fielddef *upb_oneofdef_ntofz(const upb_oneofdef *o,
+                                                  const char *name) {
+  return upb_oneofdef_ntof(o, name, strlen(name));
+}
+const upb_fielddef *upb_oneofdef_itof(const upb_oneofdef *o, uint32_t num);
+
+/*  upb_oneof_iter i;
+ *  for(upb_oneof_begin(&i, e); !upb_oneof_done(&i); upb_oneof_next(&i)) {
+ *    // ...
+ *  }
+ */
+void upb_oneof_begin(upb_oneof_iter *iter, const upb_oneofdef *o);
+void upb_oneof_next(upb_oneof_iter *iter);
+bool upb_oneof_done(upb_oneof_iter *iter);
+upb_fielddef *upb_oneof_iter_field(const upb_oneof_iter *iter);
+void upb_oneof_iter_setdone(upb_oneof_iter *iter);
+bool upb_oneof_iter_isequal(const upb_oneof_iter *iter1,
+                            const upb_oneof_iter *iter2);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* Class that represents a oneof. */
+class upb::OneofDefPtr {
+ public:
+  OneofDefPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  explicit OneofDefPtr(const upb_oneofdef *ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_oneofdef* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  /* Returns the MessageDef that owns this OneofDef. */
+  MessageDefPtr containing_type() const;
+
+  /* Returns the name of this oneof. This is the name used to look up the oneof
+   * by name once added to a message def. */
+  const char* name() const { return upb_oneofdef_name(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Returns the number of fields currently defined in the oneof. */
+  int field_count() const { return upb_oneofdef_numfields(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Looks up by name. */
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const char *name, size_t len) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_oneofdef_ntof(ptr_, name, len));
+  }
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const char* name) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_oneofdef_ntofz(ptr_, name));
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const T& str) const {
+    return FindFieldByName(str.c_str(), str.size());
+  }
+
+  /* Looks up by tag number. */
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByNumber(uint32_t num) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_oneofdef_itof(ptr_, num));
+  }
+
+  class const_iterator
+      : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, FieldDefPtr> {
+   public:
+    void operator++() { upb_oneof_next(&iter_); }
+
+    FieldDefPtr operator*() const {
+      return FieldDefPtr(upb_oneof_iter_field(&iter_));
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const const_iterator& other) const {
+      return !upb_oneof_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const const_iterator& other) const {
+      return upb_oneof_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    friend class OneofDefPtr;
+
+    const_iterator() {}
+    explicit const_iterator(OneofDefPtr o) {
+      upb_oneof_begin(&iter_, o.ptr());
+    }
+    static const_iterator end() {
+      const_iterator iter;
+      upb_oneof_iter_setdone(&iter.iter_);
+      return iter;
+    }
+
+    upb_oneof_iter iter_;
+  };
+
+  const_iterator begin() const { return const_iterator(*this); }
+  const_iterator end() const { return const_iterator::end(); }
+
+ private:
+  const upb_oneofdef *ptr_;
+};
+
+inline upb::OneofDefPtr upb::FieldDefPtr::containing_oneof() const {
+  return OneofDefPtr(upb_fielddef_containingoneof(ptr_));
+}
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_msgdef *****************************************************************/
+
+typedef upb_inttable_iter upb_msg_field_iter;
+typedef upb_strtable_iter upb_msg_oneof_iter;
+
+/* Well-known field tag numbers for map-entry messages. */
+#define UPB_MAPENTRY_KEY   1
+#define UPB_MAPENTRY_VALUE 2
+
+/* Well-known field tag numbers for Any messages. */
+#define UPB_ANY_TYPE 1
+#define UPB_ANY_VALUE 2
+
+/* Well-known field tag numbers for timestamp messages. */
+#define UPB_DURATION_SECONDS 1
+#define UPB_DURATION_NANOS 2
+
+/* Well-known field tag numbers for duration messages. */
+#define UPB_TIMESTAMP_SECONDS 1
+#define UPB_TIMESTAMP_NANOS 2
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+const char *upb_msgdef_fullname(const upb_msgdef *m);
+const upb_filedef *upb_msgdef_file(const upb_msgdef *m);
+const char *upb_msgdef_name(const upb_msgdef *m);
+int upb_msgdef_numoneofs(const upb_msgdef *m);
+upb_syntax_t upb_msgdef_syntax(const upb_msgdef *m);
+bool upb_msgdef_mapentry(const upb_msgdef *m);
+upb_wellknowntype_t upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(const upb_msgdef *m);
+bool upb_msgdef_isnumberwrapper(const upb_msgdef *m);
+bool upb_msgdef_setsyntax(upb_msgdef *m, upb_syntax_t syntax);
+const upb_fielddef *upb_msgdef_itof(const upb_msgdef *m, uint32_t i);
+const upb_fielddef *upb_msgdef_ntof(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name,
+                                    size_t len);
+const upb_oneofdef *upb_msgdef_ntoo(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name,
+                                    size_t len);
+int upb_msgdef_numfields(const upb_msgdef *m);
+int upb_msgdef_numoneofs(const upb_msgdef *m);
+
+UPB_INLINE const upb_oneofdef *upb_msgdef_ntooz(const upb_msgdef *m,
+                                               const char *name) {
+  return upb_msgdef_ntoo(m, name, strlen(name));
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE const upb_fielddef *upb_msgdef_ntofz(const upb_msgdef *m,
+                                                const char *name) {
+  return upb_msgdef_ntof(m, name, strlen(name));
+}
+
+/* Internal-only. */
+size_t upb_msgdef_selectorcount(const upb_msgdef *m);
+uint32_t upb_msgdef_submsgfieldcount(const upb_msgdef *m);
+
+/* Lookup of either field or oneof by name.  Returns whether either was found.
+ * If the return is true, then the found def will be set, and the non-found
+ * one set to NULL. */
+bool upb_msgdef_lookupname(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name, size_t len,
+                           const upb_fielddef **f, const upb_oneofdef **o);
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_msgdef_lookupnamez(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name,
+                                       const upb_fielddef **f,
+                                       const upb_oneofdef **o) {
+  return upb_msgdef_lookupname(m, name, strlen(name), f, o);
+}
+
+/* Iteration over fields and oneofs.  For example:
+ *
+ * upb_msg_field_iter i;
+ * for(upb_msg_field_begin(&i, m);
+ *     !upb_msg_field_done(&i);
+ *     upb_msg_field_next(&i)) {
+ *   upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
+ *   // ...
+ * }
+ *
+ * For C we don't have separate iterators for const and non-const.
+ * It is the caller's responsibility to cast the upb_fielddef* to
+ * const if the upb_msgdef* is const. */
+void upb_msg_field_begin(upb_msg_field_iter *iter, const upb_msgdef *m);
+void upb_msg_field_next(upb_msg_field_iter *iter);
+bool upb_msg_field_done(const upb_msg_field_iter *iter);
+upb_fielddef *upb_msg_iter_field(const upb_msg_field_iter *iter);
+void upb_msg_field_iter_setdone(upb_msg_field_iter *iter);
+bool upb_msg_field_iter_isequal(const upb_msg_field_iter * iter1,
+                                const upb_msg_field_iter * iter2);
+
+/* Similar to above, we also support iterating through the oneofs in a
+ * msgdef. */
+void upb_msg_oneof_begin(upb_msg_oneof_iter * iter, const upb_msgdef *m);
+void upb_msg_oneof_next(upb_msg_oneof_iter * iter);
+bool upb_msg_oneof_done(const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter);
+const upb_oneofdef *upb_msg_iter_oneof(const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter);
+void upb_msg_oneof_iter_setdone(upb_msg_oneof_iter * iter);
+bool upb_msg_oneof_iter_isequal(const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter1,
+                                const upb_msg_oneof_iter *iter2);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* Structure that describes a single .proto message type. */
+class upb::MessageDefPtr {
+ public:
+  MessageDefPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  explicit MessageDefPtr(const upb_msgdef *ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_msgdef *ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  const char* full_name() const { return upb_msgdef_fullname(ptr_); }
+  const char* name() const { return upb_msgdef_name(ptr_); }
+
+  /* The number of fields that belong to the MessageDef. */
+  int field_count() const { return upb_msgdef_numfields(ptr_); }
+
+  /* The number of oneofs that belong to the MessageDef. */
+  int oneof_count() const { return upb_msgdef_numoneofs(ptr_); }
+
+  upb_syntax_t syntax() const { return upb_msgdef_syntax(ptr_); }
+
+  /* These return null pointers if the field is not found. */
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByNumber(uint32_t number) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_msgdef_itof(ptr_, number));
+  }
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const char* name, size_t len) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_msgdef_ntof(ptr_, name, len));
+  }
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const char *name) const {
+    return FieldDefPtr(upb_msgdef_ntofz(ptr_, name));
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  FieldDefPtr FindFieldByName(const T& str) const {
+    return FindFieldByName(str.c_str(), str.size());
+  }
+
+  OneofDefPtr FindOneofByName(const char* name, size_t len) const {
+    return OneofDefPtr(upb_msgdef_ntoo(ptr_, name, len));
+  }
+
+  OneofDefPtr FindOneofByName(const char *name) const {
+    return OneofDefPtr(upb_msgdef_ntooz(ptr_, name));
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  OneofDefPtr FindOneofByName(const T &str) const {
+    return FindOneofByName(str.c_str(), str.size());
+  }
+
+  /* Is this message a map entry? */
+  bool mapentry() const { return upb_msgdef_mapentry(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Return the type of well known type message. UPB_WELLKNOWN_UNSPECIFIED for
+   * non-well-known message. */
+  upb_wellknowntype_t wellknowntype() const {
+    return upb_msgdef_wellknowntype(ptr_);
+  }
+
+  /* Whether is a number wrapper. */
+  bool isnumberwrapper() const { return upb_msgdef_isnumberwrapper(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Iteration over fields.  The order is undefined. */
+  class const_field_iterator
+      : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, FieldDefPtr> {
+   public:
+    void operator++() { upb_msg_field_next(&iter_); }
+
+    FieldDefPtr operator*() const {
+      return FieldDefPtr(upb_msg_iter_field(&iter_));
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const const_field_iterator &other) const {
+      return !upb_msg_field_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const const_field_iterator &other) const {
+      return upb_msg_field_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    friend class MessageDefPtr;
+
+    explicit const_field_iterator() {}
+
+    explicit const_field_iterator(MessageDefPtr msg) {
+      upb_msg_field_begin(&iter_, msg.ptr());
+    }
+
+    static const_field_iterator end() {
+      const_field_iterator iter;
+      upb_msg_field_iter_setdone(&iter.iter_);
+      return iter;
+    }
+
+    upb_msg_field_iter iter_;
+  };
+
+  /* Iteration over oneofs. The order is undefined. */
+  class const_oneof_iterator
+      : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, OneofDefPtr> {
+   public:
+
+    void operator++() { upb_msg_oneof_next(&iter_); }
+
+    OneofDefPtr operator*() const {
+      return OneofDefPtr(upb_msg_iter_oneof(&iter_));
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const const_oneof_iterator& other) const {
+      return !upb_msg_oneof_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const const_oneof_iterator &other) const {
+      return upb_msg_oneof_iter_isequal(&iter_, &other.iter_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    friend class MessageDefPtr;
+
+    const_oneof_iterator() {}
+
+    explicit const_oneof_iterator(MessageDefPtr msg) {
+      upb_msg_oneof_begin(&iter_, msg.ptr());
+    }
+
+    static const_oneof_iterator end() {
+      const_oneof_iterator iter;
+      upb_msg_oneof_iter_setdone(&iter.iter_);
+      return iter;
+    }
+
+    upb_msg_oneof_iter iter_;
+  };
+
+  class ConstFieldAccessor {
+   public:
+    explicit ConstFieldAccessor(const upb_msgdef* md) : md_(md) {}
+    const_field_iterator begin() { return MessageDefPtr(md_).field_begin(); }
+    const_field_iterator end() { return MessageDefPtr(md_).field_end(); }
+   private:
+    const upb_msgdef* md_;
+  };
+
+  class ConstOneofAccessor {
+   public:
+    explicit ConstOneofAccessor(const upb_msgdef* md) : md_(md) {}
+    const_oneof_iterator begin() { return MessageDefPtr(md_).oneof_begin(); }
+    const_oneof_iterator end() { return MessageDefPtr(md_).oneof_end(); }
+   private:
+    const upb_msgdef* md_;
+  };
+
+  const_field_iterator field_begin() const {
+    return const_field_iterator(*this);
+  }
+
+  const_field_iterator field_end() const { return const_field_iterator::end(); }
+
+  const_oneof_iterator oneof_begin() const {
+    return const_oneof_iterator(*this);
+  }
+
+  const_oneof_iterator oneof_end() const { return const_oneof_iterator::end(); }
+
+  ConstFieldAccessor fields() const { return ConstFieldAccessor(ptr()); }
+  ConstOneofAccessor oneofs() const { return ConstOneofAccessor(ptr()); }
+
+ private:
+  const upb_msgdef* ptr_;
+};
+
+inline upb::MessageDefPtr upb::FieldDefPtr::message_subdef() const {
+  return MessageDefPtr(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(ptr_));
+}
+
+inline upb::MessageDefPtr upb::FieldDefPtr::containing_type() const {
+  return MessageDefPtr(upb_fielddef_containingtype(ptr_));
+}
+
+inline upb::MessageDefPtr upb::OneofDefPtr::containing_type() const {
+  return MessageDefPtr(upb_oneofdef_containingtype(ptr_));
+}
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_enumdef ****************************************************************/
+
+typedef upb_strtable_iter upb_enum_iter;
+
+const char *upb_enumdef_fullname(const upb_enumdef *e);
+const char *upb_enumdef_name(const upb_enumdef *e);
+const upb_filedef *upb_enumdef_file(const upb_enumdef *e);
+int32_t upb_enumdef_default(const upb_enumdef *e);
+int upb_enumdef_numvals(const upb_enumdef *e);
+
+/* Enum lookups:
+ * - ntoi:  look up a name with specified length.
+ * - ntoiz: look up a name provided as a null-terminated string.
+ * - iton:  look up an integer, returning the name as a null-terminated
+ *          string. */
+bool upb_enumdef_ntoi(const upb_enumdef *e, const char *name, size_t len,
+                      int32_t *num);
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_enumdef_ntoiz(const upb_enumdef *e,
+                                  const char *name, int32_t *num) {
+  return upb_enumdef_ntoi(e, name, strlen(name), num);
+}
+const char *upb_enumdef_iton(const upb_enumdef *e, int32_t num);
+
+/*  upb_enum_iter i;
+ *  for(upb_enum_begin(&i, e); !upb_enum_done(&i); upb_enum_next(&i)) {
+ *    // ...
+ *  }
+ */
+void upb_enum_begin(upb_enum_iter *iter, const upb_enumdef *e);
+void upb_enum_next(upb_enum_iter *iter);
+bool upb_enum_done(upb_enum_iter *iter);
+const char *upb_enum_iter_name(upb_enum_iter *iter);
+int32_t upb_enum_iter_number(upb_enum_iter *iter);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+class upb::EnumDefPtr {
+ public:
+  EnumDefPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  explicit EnumDefPtr(const upb_enumdef* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_enumdef* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  const char* full_name() const { return upb_enumdef_fullname(ptr_); }
+  const char* name() const { return upb_enumdef_name(ptr_); }
+
+  /* The value that is used as the default when no field default is specified.
+   * If not set explicitly, the first value that was added will be used.
+   * The default value must be a member of the enum.
+   * Requires that value_count() > 0. */
+  int32_t default_value() const { return upb_enumdef_default(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Returns the number of values currently defined in the enum.  Note that
+   * multiple names can refer to the same number, so this may be greater than
+   * the total number of unique numbers. */
+  int value_count() const { return upb_enumdef_numvals(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Lookups from name to integer, returning true if found. */
+  bool FindValueByName(const char *name, int32_t *num) const {
+    return upb_enumdef_ntoiz(ptr_, name, num);
+  }
+
+  /* Finds the name corresponding to the given number, or NULL if none was
+   * found.  If more than one name corresponds to this number, returns the
+   * first one that was added. */
+  const char *FindValueByNumber(int32_t num) const {
+    return upb_enumdef_iton(ptr_, num);
+  }
+
+  /* Iteration over name/value pairs.  The order is undefined.
+   * Adding an enum val invalidates any iterators.
+   *
+   * TODO: make compatible with range-for, with elements as pairs? */
+  class Iterator {
+   public:
+    explicit Iterator(EnumDefPtr e) { upb_enum_begin(&iter_, e.ptr()); }
+
+    int32_t number() { return upb_enum_iter_number(&iter_); }
+    const char *name() { return upb_enum_iter_name(&iter_); }
+    bool Done() { return upb_enum_done(&iter_); }
+    void Next() { return upb_enum_next(&iter_); }
+
+   private:
+    upb_enum_iter iter_;
+  };
+
+ private:
+  const upb_enumdef *ptr_;
+};
+
+inline upb::EnumDefPtr upb::FieldDefPtr::enum_subdef() const {
+  return EnumDefPtr(upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(ptr_));
+}
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_filedef ****************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+const char *upb_filedef_name(const upb_filedef *f);
+const char *upb_filedef_package(const upb_filedef *f);
+const char *upb_filedef_phpprefix(const upb_filedef *f);
+const char *upb_filedef_phpnamespace(const upb_filedef *f);
+upb_syntax_t upb_filedef_syntax(const upb_filedef *f);
+int upb_filedef_depcount(const upb_filedef *f);
+int upb_filedef_msgcount(const upb_filedef *f);
+int upb_filedef_enumcount(const upb_filedef *f);
+const upb_filedef *upb_filedef_dep(const upb_filedef *f, int i);
+const upb_msgdef *upb_filedef_msg(const upb_filedef *f, int i);
+const upb_enumdef *upb_filedef_enum(const upb_filedef *f, int i);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* Class that represents a .proto file with some things defined in it.
+ *
+ * Many users won't care about FileDefs, but they are necessary if you want to
+ * read the values of file-level options. */
+class upb::FileDefPtr {
+ public:
+  explicit FileDefPtr(const upb_filedef *ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_filedef* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+  explicit operator bool() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+  /* Get/set name of the file (eg. "foo/bar.proto"). */
+  const char* name() const { return upb_filedef_name(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Package name for definitions inside the file (eg. "foo.bar"). */
+  const char* package() const { return upb_filedef_package(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Sets the php class prefix which is prepended to all php generated classes
+   * from this .proto. Default is empty. */
+  const char* phpprefix() const { return upb_filedef_phpprefix(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Use this option to change the namespace of php generated classes. Default
+   * is empty. When this option is empty, the package name will be used for
+   * determining the namespace. */
+  const char* phpnamespace() const { return upb_filedef_phpnamespace(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Syntax for the file.  Defaults to proto2. */
+  upb_syntax_t syntax() const { return upb_filedef_syntax(ptr_); }
+
+  /* Get the list of dependencies from the file.  These are returned in the
+   * order that they were added to the FileDefPtr. */
+  int dependency_count() const { return upb_filedef_depcount(ptr_); }
+  const FileDefPtr dependency(int index) const {
+    return FileDefPtr(upb_filedef_dep(ptr_, index));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const upb_filedef* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_symtab *****************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+upb_symtab *upb_symtab_new(void);
+void upb_symtab_free(upb_symtab* s);
+const upb_msgdef *upb_symtab_lookupmsg(const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym);
+const upb_msgdef *upb_symtab_lookupmsg2(
+    const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym, size_t len);
+const upb_enumdef *upb_symtab_lookupenum(const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym);
+const upb_filedef *upb_symtab_lookupfile(const upb_symtab *s, const char *name);
+int upb_symtab_filecount(const upb_symtab *s);
+const upb_filedef *upb_symtab_addfile(
+    upb_symtab *s, const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *file,
+    upb_status *status);
+
+/* For generated code only: loads a generated descriptor. */
+typedef struct upb_def_init {
+  struct upb_def_init **deps;
+  const char *filename;
+  upb_strview descriptor;
+} upb_def_init;
+
+bool _upb_symtab_loaddefinit(upb_symtab *s, const upb_def_init *init);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* Non-const methods in upb::SymbolTable are NOT thread-safe. */
+class upb::SymbolTable {
+ public:
+  SymbolTable() : ptr_(upb_symtab_new(), upb_symtab_free) {}
+  explicit SymbolTable(upb_symtab* s) : ptr_(s, upb_symtab_free) {}
+
+  const upb_symtab* ptr() const { return ptr_.get(); }
+  upb_symtab* ptr() { return ptr_.get(); }
+
+  /* Finds an entry in the symbol table with this exact name.  If not found,
+   * returns NULL. */
+  MessageDefPtr LookupMessage(const char *sym) const {
+    return MessageDefPtr(upb_symtab_lookupmsg(ptr_.get(), sym));
+  }
+
+  EnumDefPtr LookupEnum(const char *sym) const {
+    return EnumDefPtr(upb_symtab_lookupenum(ptr_.get(), sym));
+  }
+
+  FileDefPtr LookupFile(const char *name) const {
+    return FileDefPtr(upb_symtab_lookupfile(ptr_.get(), name));
+  }
+
+  /* TODO: iteration? */
+
+  /* Adds the given serialized FileDescriptorProto to the pool. */
+  FileDefPtr AddFile(const google_protobuf_FileDescriptorProto *file_proto,
+                     Status *status) {
+    return FileDefPtr(
+        upb_symtab_addfile(ptr_.get(), file_proto, status->ptr()));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<upb_symtab, decltype(&upb_symtab_free)> ptr_;
+};
+
+UPB_INLINE const char* upb_safecstr(const std::string& str) {
+  UPB_ASSERT(str.size() == std::strlen(str.c_str()));
+  return str.c_str();
+}
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+#endif /* UPB_DEF_H_ */
+
+
+#ifndef UPB_MSGFACTORY_H_
+#define UPB_MSGFACTORY_H_
+
+/** upb_msgfactory ************************************************************/
+
+struct upb_msgfactory;
+typedef struct upb_msgfactory upb_msgfactory;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* A upb_msgfactory contains a cache of upb_msglayout, upb_handlers, and
+ * upb_visitorplan objects.  These are the objects necessary to represent,
+ * populate, and and visit upb_msg objects.
+ *
+ * These caches are all populated by upb_msgdef, and lazily created on demand.
+ */
+
+/* Creates and destroys a msgfactory, respectively.  The messages for this
+ * msgfactory must come from |symtab| (which should outlive the msgfactory). */
+upb_msgfactory *upb_msgfactory_new(const upb_symtab *symtab);
+void upb_msgfactory_free(upb_msgfactory *f);
+
+const upb_symtab *upb_msgfactory_symtab(const upb_msgfactory *f);
+
+/* The functions to get cached objects, lazily creating them on demand.  These
+ * all require:
+ *
+ * - m is in upb_msgfactory_symtab(f)
+ * - upb_msgdef_mapentry(m) == false (since map messages can't have layouts).
+ *
+ * The returned objects will live for as long as the msgfactory does.
+ *
+ * TODO(haberman): consider making this thread-safe and take a const
+ * upb_msgfactory. */
+const upb_msglayout *upb_msgfactory_getlayout(upb_msgfactory *f,
+                                              const upb_msgdef *m);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif /* UPB_MSGFACTORY_H_ */
+/*
+** upb::Handlers (upb_handlers)
+**
+** A upb_handlers is like a virtual table for a upb_msgdef.  Each field of the
+** message can have associated functions that will be called when we are
+** parsing or visiting a stream of data.  This is similar to how handlers work
+** in SAX (the Simple API for XML).
+**
+** The handlers have no idea where the data is coming from, so a single set of
+** handlers could be used with two completely different data sources (for
+** example, a parser and a visitor over in-memory objects).  This decoupling is
+** the most important feature of upb, because it allows parsers and serializers
+** to be highly reusable.
+**
+** This is a mixed C/C++ interface that offers a full API to both languages.
+** See the top-level README for more information.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_HANDLERS_H
+#define UPB_HANDLERS_H
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace upb {
+class HandlersPtr;
+class HandlerCache;
+template <class T> class Handler;
+template <class T> struct CanonicalType;
+}  /* namespace upb */
+#endif
+
+
+/* The maximum depth that the handler graph can have.  This is a resource limit
+ * for the C stack since we sometimes need to recursively traverse the graph.
+ * Cycles are ok; the traversal will stop when it detects a cycle, but we must
+ * hit the cycle before the maximum depth is reached.
+ *
+ * If having a single static limit is too inflexible, we can add another variant
+ * of Handlers::Freeze that allows specifying this as a parameter. */
+#define UPB_MAX_HANDLER_DEPTH 64
+
+/* All the different types of handlers that can be registered.
+ * Only needed for the advanced functions in upb::Handlers. */
+typedef enum {
+  UPB_HANDLER_INT32,
+  UPB_HANDLER_INT64,
+  UPB_HANDLER_UINT32,
+  UPB_HANDLER_UINT64,
+  UPB_HANDLER_FLOAT,
+  UPB_HANDLER_DOUBLE,
+  UPB_HANDLER_BOOL,
+  UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR,
+  UPB_HANDLER_STRING,
+  UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR,
+  UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG,
+  UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG,
+  UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ,
+  UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ
+} upb_handlertype_t;
+
+#define UPB_HANDLER_MAX (UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ+1)
+
+#define UPB_BREAK NULL
+
+/* A convenient definition for when no closure is needed. */
+extern char _upb_noclosure;
+#define UPB_NO_CLOSURE &_upb_noclosure
+
+/* A selector refers to a specific field handler in the Handlers object
+ * (for example: the STARTSUBMSG handler for field "field15"). */
+typedef int32_t upb_selector_t;
+
+/* Static selectors for upb::Handlers. */
+#define UPB_STARTMSG_SELECTOR 0
+#define UPB_ENDMSG_SELECTOR 1
+#define UPB_UNKNOWN_SELECTOR 2
+#define UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT 3  /* Warning: also in upb/def.c. */
+
+/* Static selectors for upb::BytesHandler. */
+#define UPB_STARTSTR_SELECTOR 0
+#define UPB_STRING_SELECTOR 1
+#define UPB_ENDSTR_SELECTOR 2
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+template<class T> const void *UniquePtrForType() {
+  static const char ch = 0;
+  return &ch;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* upb_handlers ************************************************************/
+
+/* Handler attributes, to be registered with the handler itself. */
+typedef struct {
+  const void *handler_data;
+  const void *closure_type;
+  const void *return_closure_type;
+  bool alwaysok;
+} upb_handlerattr;
+
+#define UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT {NULL, NULL, NULL, false}
+
+/* Bufhandle, data passed along with a buffer to indicate its provenance. */
+typedef struct {
+  /* The beginning of the buffer.  This may be different than the pointer
+   * passed to a StringBuf handler because the handler may receive data
+   * that is from the middle or end of a larger buffer. */
+  const char *buf;
+
+  /* The offset within the attached object where this buffer begins.  Only
+   * meaningful if there is an attached object. */
+  size_t objofs;
+
+  /* The attached object (if any) and a pointer representing its type. */
+  const void *obj;
+  const void *objtype;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+  template <class T>
+  void SetAttachedObject(const T* _obj) {
+    obj = _obj;
+    objtype = UniquePtrForType<T>();
+  }
+
+  template <class T>
+  const T *GetAttachedObject() const {
+    return objtype == UniquePtrForType<T>() ? static_cast<const T *>(obj)
+                                            : NULL;
+  }
+#endif
+} upb_bufhandle;
+
+#define UPB_BUFHANDLE_INIT {NULL, 0, NULL, NULL}
+
+/* Handler function typedefs. */
+typedef void upb_handlerfree(void *d);
+typedef bool upb_unknown_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, const char *buf,
+                                     size_t n);
+typedef bool upb_startmsg_handlerfunc(void *c, const void*);
+typedef bool upb_endmsg_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *, upb_status *status);
+typedef void* upb_startfield_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd);
+typedef bool upb_endfield_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd);
+typedef bool upb_int32_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, int32_t val);
+typedef bool upb_int64_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, int64_t val);
+typedef bool upb_uint32_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, uint32_t val);
+typedef bool upb_uint64_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, uint64_t val);
+typedef bool upb_float_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, float val);
+typedef bool upb_double_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, double val);
+typedef bool upb_bool_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, bool val);
+typedef void *upb_startstr_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd,
+                                       size_t size_hint);
+typedef size_t upb_string_handlerfunc(void *c, const void *hd, const char *buf,
+                                      size_t n, const upb_bufhandle* handle);
+
+struct upb_handlers;
+typedef struct upb_handlers upb_handlers;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Mutating accessors. */
+const upb_status *upb_handlers_status(upb_handlers *h);
+void upb_handlers_clearerr(upb_handlers *h);
+const upb_msgdef *upb_handlers_msgdef(const upb_handlers *h);
+bool upb_handlers_addcleanup(upb_handlers *h, void *p, upb_handlerfree *hfree);
+bool upb_handlers_setunknown(upb_handlers *h, upb_unknown_handlerfunc *func,
+                             const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setstartmsg(upb_handlers *h, upb_startmsg_handlerfunc *func,
+                              const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setendmsg(upb_handlers *h, upb_endmsg_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setint32(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                           upb_int32_handlerfunc *func,
+                           const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setint64(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                           upb_int64_handlerfunc *func,
+                           const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setuint32(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                            upb_uint32_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setuint64(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                            upb_uint64_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setfloat(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                           upb_float_handlerfunc *func,
+                           const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setdouble(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                            upb_double_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setbool(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                          upb_bool_handlerfunc *func,
+                          const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setstartstr(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                              upb_startstr_handlerfunc *func,
+                              const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setstring(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                            upb_string_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setendstr(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                            upb_endfield_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setstartseq(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                              upb_startfield_handlerfunc *func,
+                              const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                                 upb_startfield_handlerfunc *func,
+                                 const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                               upb_endfield_handlerfunc *func,
+                               const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+bool upb_handlers_setendseq(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
+                            upb_endfield_handlerfunc *func,
+                            const upb_handlerattr *attr);
+
+/* Read-only accessors. */
+const upb_handlers *upb_handlers_getsubhandlers(const upb_handlers *h,
+                                                const upb_fielddef *f);
+const upb_handlers *upb_handlers_getsubhandlers_sel(const upb_handlers *h,
+                                                    upb_selector_t sel);
+upb_func *upb_handlers_gethandler(const upb_handlers *h, upb_selector_t s,
+                                  const void **handler_data);
+bool upb_handlers_getattr(const upb_handlers *h, upb_selector_t s,
+                          upb_handlerattr *attr);
+
+/* "Static" methods */
+upb_handlertype_t upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(const upb_fielddef *f);
+bool upb_handlers_getselector(const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type,
+                              upb_selector_t *s);
+UPB_INLINE upb_selector_t upb_handlers_getendselector(upb_selector_t start) {
+  return start + 1;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+namespace upb {
+typedef upb_handlers Handlers;
+}
+
+/* Convenience macros for creating a Handler object that is wrapped with a
+ * type-safe wrapper function that converts the "void*" parameters/returns
+ * of the underlying C API into nice C++ function.
+ *
+ * Sample usage:
+ *   void OnValue1(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d, int32_t val) {
+ *     // do stuff ...
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // Handler that doesn't need any data bound to it.
+ *   void OnValue2(MyClosure* c, int32_t val) {
+ *     // do stuff ...
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // Handler that returns bool so it can return failure if necessary.
+ *   bool OnValue3(MyClosure* c, int32_t val) {
+ *     // do stuff ...
+ *     return ok;
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // Member function handler.
+ *   class MyClosure {
+ *    public:
+ *     void OnValue(int32_t val) {
+ *       // do stuff ...
+ *     }
+ *   };
+ *
+ *   // Takes ownership of the MyHandlerData.
+ *   handlers->SetInt32Handler(f1, UpbBind(OnValue1, new MyHandlerData(...)));
+ *   handlers->SetInt32Handler(f2, UpbMakeHandler(OnValue2));
+ *   handlers->SetInt32Handler(f1, UpbMakeHandler(OnValue3));
+ *   handlers->SetInt32Handler(f2, UpbMakeHandler(&MyClosure::OnValue));
+ */
+
+/* In C++11, the "template" disambiguator can appear even outside templates,
+ * so all calls can safely use this pair of macros. */
+
+#define UpbMakeHandler(f) upb::MatchFunc(f).template GetFunc<f>()
+
+/* We have to be careful to only evaluate "d" once. */
+#define UpbBind(f, d) upb::MatchFunc(f).template GetFunc<f>((d))
+
+/* Handler: a struct that contains the (handler, data, deleter) tuple that is
+ * used to register all handlers.  Users can Make() these directly but it's
+ * more convenient to use the UpbMakeHandler/UpbBind macros above. */
+template <class T> class upb::Handler {
+ public:
+  /* The underlying, handler function signature that upb uses internally. */
+  typedef T FuncPtr;
+
+  /* Intentionally implicit. */
+  template <class F> Handler(F func);
+  ~Handler() { UPB_ASSERT(registered_); }
+
+  void AddCleanup(upb_handlers* h) const;
+  FuncPtr handler() const { return handler_; }
+  const upb_handlerattr& attr() const { return attr_; }
+
+ private:
+  Handler(const Handler&) = delete;
+  Handler& operator=(const Handler&) = delete;
+
+  FuncPtr handler_;
+  mutable upb_handlerattr attr_;
+  mutable bool registered_;
+  void *cleanup_data_;
+  upb_handlerfree *cleanup_func_;
+};
+
+/* A upb::Handlers object represents the set of handlers associated with a
+ * message in the graph of messages.  You can think of it as a big virtual
+ * table with functions corresponding to all the events that can fire while
+ * parsing or visiting a message of a specific type.
+ *
+ * Any handlers that are not set behave as if they had successfully consumed
+ * the value.  Any unset Start* handlers will propagate their closure to the
+ * inner frame.
+ *
+ * The easiest way to create the *Handler objects needed by the Set* methods is
+ * with the UpbBind() and UpbMakeHandler() macros; see below. */
+class upb::HandlersPtr {
+ public:
+  HandlersPtr(upb_handlers* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  upb_handlers* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+
+  typedef upb_selector_t Selector;
+  typedef upb_handlertype_t Type;
+
+  typedef Handler<void *(*)(void *, const void *)> StartFieldHandler;
+  typedef Handler<bool (*)(void *, const void *)> EndFieldHandler;
+  typedef Handler<bool (*)(void *, const void *)> StartMessageHandler;
+  typedef Handler<bool (*)(void *, const void *, upb_status *)>
+      EndMessageHandler;
+  typedef Handler<void *(*)(void *, const void *, size_t)> StartStringHandler;
+  typedef Handler<size_t (*)(void *, const void *, const char *, size_t,
+                             const upb_bufhandle *)>
+      StringHandler;
+
+  template <class T> struct ValueHandler {
+    typedef Handler<bool(*)(void *, const void *, T)> H;
+  };
+
+  typedef ValueHandler<int32_t>::H     Int32Handler;
+  typedef ValueHandler<int64_t>::H     Int64Handler;
+  typedef ValueHandler<uint32_t>::H    UInt32Handler;
+  typedef ValueHandler<uint64_t>::H    UInt64Handler;
+  typedef ValueHandler<float>::H       FloatHandler;
+  typedef ValueHandler<double>::H      DoubleHandler;
+  typedef ValueHandler<bool>::H        BoolHandler;
+
+  /* Any function pointer can be converted to this and converted back to its
+   * correct type. */
+  typedef void GenericFunction();
+
+  typedef void HandlersCallback(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h);
+
+  /* Returns the msgdef associated with this handlers object. */
+  MessageDefPtr message_def() const {
+    return MessageDefPtr(upb_handlers_msgdef(ptr()));
+  }
+
+  /* Adds the given pointer and function to the list of cleanup functions that
+   * will be run when these handlers are freed.  If this pointer has previously
+   * been registered, the function returns false and does nothing. */
+  bool AddCleanup(void *ptr, upb_handlerfree *cleanup) {
+    return upb_handlers_addcleanup(ptr_, ptr, cleanup);
+  }
+
+  /* Sets the startmsg handler for the message, which is defined as follows:
+   *
+   *   bool startmsg(MyType* closure) {
+   *     // Called when the message begins.  Returns true if processing should
+   *     // continue.
+   *     return true;
+   *   }
+   */
+  bool SetStartMessageHandler(const StartMessageHandler &h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setstartmsg(ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  /* Sets the endmsg handler for the message, which is defined as follows:
+   *
+   *   bool endmsg(MyType* closure, upb_status *status) {
+   *     // Called when processing of this message ends, whether in success or
+   *     // failure.  "status" indicates the final status of processing, and
+   *     // can also be modified in-place to update the final status.
+   *   }
+   */
+  bool SetEndMessageHandler(const EndMessageHandler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setendmsg(ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  /* Sets the value handler for the given field, which is defined as follows
+   * (this is for an int32 field; other field types will pass their native
+   * C/C++ type for "val"):
+   *
+   *   bool OnValue(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d, int32_t val) {
+   *     // Called when the field's value is encountered.  "d" contains
+   *     // whatever data was bound to this field when it was registered.
+   *     // Returns true if processing should continue.
+   *     return true;
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   handers->SetInt32Handler(f, UpbBind(OnValue, new MyHandlerData(...)));
+   *
+   * The value type must exactly match f->type().
+   * For example, a handler that takes an int32_t parameter may only be used for
+   * fields of type UPB_TYPE_INT32 and UPB_TYPE_ENUM.
+   *
+   * Returns false if the handler failed to register; in this case the cleanup
+   * handler (if any) will be called immediately.
+   */
+  bool SetInt32Handler(FieldDefPtr f, const Int32Handler &h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setint32(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetInt64Handler (FieldDefPtr f,  const Int64Handler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setint64(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetUInt32Handler(FieldDefPtr f, const UInt32Handler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setuint32(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetUInt64Handler(FieldDefPtr f, const UInt64Handler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setuint64(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetFloatHandler (FieldDefPtr f,  const FloatHandler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setfloat(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetDoubleHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const DoubleHandler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setdouble(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetBoolHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const BoolHandler &h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setbool(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  /* Like the previous, but templated on the type on the value (ie. int32).
+   * This is mostly useful to call from other templates.  To call this you must
+   * specify the template parameter explicitly, ie:
+   *   h->SetValueHandler<T>(f, UpbBind(MyHandler<T>, MyData)); */
+  template <class T>
+  bool SetValueHandler(
+      FieldDefPtr f,
+      const typename ValueHandler<typename CanonicalType<T>::Type>::H &handler);
+
+  /* Sets handlers for a string field, which are defined as follows:
+   *
+   *   MySubClosure* startstr(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d,
+   *                          size_t size_hint) {
+   *     // Called when a string value begins.  The return value indicates the
+   *     // closure for the string.  "size_hint" indicates the size of the
+   *     // string if it is known, however if the string is length-delimited
+   *     // and the end-of-string is not available size_hint will be zero.
+   *     // This case is indistinguishable from the case where the size is
+   *     // known to be zero.
+   *     //
+   *     // TODO(haberman): is it important to distinguish these cases?
+   *     // If we had ssize_t as a type we could make -1 "unknown", but
+   *     // ssize_t is POSIX (not ANSI) and therefore less portable.
+   *     // In practice I suspect it won't be important to distinguish.
+   *     return closure;
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   size_t str(MyClosure* closure, const MyHandlerData* d,
+   *              const char *str, size_t len) {
+   *     // Called for each buffer of string data; the multiple physical buffers
+   *     // are all part of the same logical string.  The return value indicates
+   *     // how many bytes were consumed.  If this number is less than "len",
+   *     // this will also indicate that processing should be halted for now,
+   *     // like returning false or UPB_BREAK from any other callback.  If
+   *     // number is greater than "len", the excess bytes will be skipped over
+   *     // and not passed to the callback.
+   *     return len;
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   bool endstr(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d) {
+   *     // Called when a string value ends.  Return value indicates whether
+   *     // processing should continue.
+   *     return true;
+   *   }
+   */
+  bool SetStartStringHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const StartStringHandler &h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setstartstr(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetStringHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const StringHandler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setstring(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  bool SetEndStringHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const EndFieldHandler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setendstr(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  /* Sets the startseq handler, which is defined as follows:
+   *
+   *   MySubClosure *startseq(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d) {
+   *     // Called when a sequence (repeated field) begins.  The returned
+   *     // pointer indicates the closure for the sequence (or UPB_BREAK
+   *     // to interrupt processing).
+   *     return closure;
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   h->SetStartSequenceHandler(f, UpbBind(startseq, new MyHandlerData(...)));
+   *
+   * Returns "false" if "f" does not belong to this message or is not a
+   * repeated field.
+   */
+  bool SetStartSequenceHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const StartFieldHandler &h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setstartseq(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  /* Sets the startsubmsg handler for the given field, which is defined as
+   * follows:
+   *
+   *   MySubClosure* startsubmsg(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d) {
+   *     // Called when a submessage begins.  The returned pointer indicates the
+   *     // closure for the sequence (or UPB_BREAK to interrupt processing).
+   *     return closure;
+   *   }
+   *
+   *   h->SetStartSubMessageHandler(f, UpbBind(startsubmsg,
+   *                                           new MyHandlerData(...)));
+   *
+   * Returns "false" if "f" does not belong to this message or is not a
+   * submessage/group field.
+   */
+  bool SetStartSubMessageHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const StartFieldHandler& h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  /* Sets the endsubmsg handler for the given field, which is defined as
+   * follows:
+   *
+   *   bool endsubmsg(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d) {
+   *     // Called when a submessage ends.  Returns true to continue processing.
+   *     return true;
+   *   }
+   *
+   * Returns "false" if "f" does not belong to this message or is not a
+   * submessage/group field.
+   */
+  bool SetEndSubMessageHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const EndFieldHandler &h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+  /* Starts the endsubseq handler for the given field, which is defined as
+   * follows:
+   *
+   *   bool endseq(MyClosure* c, const MyHandlerData* d) {
+   *     // Called when a sequence ends.  Returns true continue processing.
+   *     return true;
+   *   }
+   *
+   * Returns "false" if "f" does not belong to this message or is not a
+   * repeated field.
+   */
+  bool SetEndSequenceHandler(FieldDefPtr f, const EndFieldHandler &h) {
+    h.AddCleanup(ptr());
+    return upb_handlers_setendseq(ptr(), f.ptr(), h.handler(), &h.attr());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  upb_handlers* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_handlercache ***********************************************************/
+
+/* A upb_handlercache lazily builds and caches upb_handlers.  You pass it a
+ * function (with optional closure) that can build handlers for a given
+ * message on-demand, and the cache maintains a map of msgdef->handlers. */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+struct upb_handlercache;
+typedef struct upb_handlercache upb_handlercache;
+
+typedef void upb_handlers_callback(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h);
+
+upb_handlercache *upb_handlercache_new(upb_handlers_callback *callback,
+                                       const void *closure);
+void upb_handlercache_free(upb_handlercache *cache);
+const upb_handlers *upb_handlercache_get(upb_handlercache *cache,
+                                         const upb_msgdef *md);
+bool upb_handlercache_addcleanup(upb_handlercache *h, void *p,
+                                 upb_handlerfree *hfree);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+class upb::HandlerCache {
+ public:
+  HandlerCache(upb_handlers_callback *callback, const void *closure)
+      : ptr_(upb_handlercache_new(callback, closure), upb_handlercache_free) {}
+  HandlerCache(HandlerCache&&) = default;
+  HandlerCache& operator=(HandlerCache&&) = default;
+  HandlerCache(upb_handlercache* c) : ptr_(c, upb_handlercache_free) {}
+
+  upb_handlercache* ptr() { return ptr_.get(); }
+
+  const upb_handlers *Get(MessageDefPtr md) {
+    return upb_handlercache_get(ptr_.get(), md.ptr());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<upb_handlercache, decltype(&upb_handlercache_free)> ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_byteshandler ***********************************************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_func *func;
+
+  /* It is wasteful to include the entire attributes here:
+   *
+   * * Some of the information is redundant (like storing the closure type
+   *   separately for each handler that must match).
+   * * Some of the info is only needed prior to freeze() (like closure types).
+   * * alignment padding wastes a lot of space for alwaysok_.
+   *
+   * If/when the size and locality of handlers is an issue, we can optimize this
+   * not to store the entire attr like this.  We do not expose the table's
+   * layout to allow this optimization in the future. */
+  upb_handlerattr attr;
+} upb_handlers_tabent;
+
+#define UPB_TABENT_INIT {NULL, UPB_HANDLERATTR_INIT}
+
+typedef struct {
+  upb_handlers_tabent table[3];
+} upb_byteshandler;
+
+#define UPB_BYTESHANDLER_INIT                             \
+  {                                                       \
+    { UPB_TABENT_INIT, UPB_TABENT_INIT, UPB_TABENT_INIT } \
+  }
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_byteshandler_init(upb_byteshandler *handler) {
+  upb_byteshandler init = UPB_BYTESHANDLER_INIT;
+  *handler = init;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Caller must ensure that "d" outlives the handlers. */
+bool upb_byteshandler_setstartstr(upb_byteshandler *h,
+                                  upb_startstr_handlerfunc *func, void *d);
+bool upb_byteshandler_setstring(upb_byteshandler *h,
+                                upb_string_handlerfunc *func, void *d);
+bool upb_byteshandler_setendstr(upb_byteshandler *h,
+                                upb_endfield_handlerfunc *func, void *d);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+namespace upb {
+typedef upb_byteshandler BytesHandler;
+}
+#endif
+
+/** Message handlers ******************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* These are the handlers used internally by upb_msgfactory_getmergehandlers().
+ * They write scalar data to a known offset from the message pointer.
+ *
+ * These would be trivial for anyone to implement themselves, but it's better
+ * to use these because some JITs will recognize and specialize these instead
+ * of actually calling the function. */
+
+/* Sets a handler for the given primitive field that will write the data at the
+ * given offset.  If hasbit > 0, also sets a hasbit at the given bit offset
+ * (addressing each byte low to high). */
+bool upb_msg_setscalarhandler(upb_handlers *h,
+                              const upb_fielddef *f,
+                              size_t offset,
+                              int32_t hasbit);
+
+/* If the given handler is a msghandlers_primitive field, returns true and sets
+ * *type, *offset and *hasbit.  Otherwise returns false. */
+bool upb_msg_getscalarhandlerdata(const upb_handlers *h,
+                                  upb_selector_t s,
+                                  upb_fieldtype_t *type,
+                                  size_t *offset,
+                                  int32_t *hasbit);
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Inline definitions for handlers.h, which are particularly long and a bit
+** tricky.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_HANDLERS_INL_H_
+#define UPB_HANDLERS_INL_H_
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+/* Type detection and typedefs for integer types.
+ * For platforms where there are multiple 32-bit or 64-bit types, we need to be
+ * able to enumerate them so we can properly create overloads for all variants.
+ *
+ * If any platform existed where there were three integer types with the same
+ * size, this would have to become more complicated.  For example, short, int,
+ * and long could all be 32-bits.  Even more diabolically, short, int, long,
+ * and long long could all be 64 bits and still be standard-compliant.
+ * However, few platforms are this strange, and it's unlikely that upb will be
+ * used on the strangest ones. */
+
+/* Can't count on stdint.h limits like INT32_MAX, because in C++ these are
+ * only defined when __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS are defined before the *first* include
+ * of stdint.h.  We can't guarantee that someone else didn't include these first
+ * without defining __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS. */
+#define UPB_INT32_MAX 0x7fffffffLL
+#define UPB_INT32_MIN (-UPB_INT32_MAX - 1)
+#define UPB_INT64_MAX 0x7fffffffffffffffLL
+#define UPB_INT64_MIN (-UPB_INT64_MAX - 1)
+
+#if INT_MAX == UPB_INT32_MAX && INT_MIN == UPB_INT32_MIN
+#define UPB_INT_IS_32BITS 1
+#endif
+
+#if LONG_MAX == UPB_INT32_MAX && LONG_MIN == UPB_INT32_MIN
+#define UPB_LONG_IS_32BITS 1
+#endif
+
+#if LONG_MAX == UPB_INT64_MAX && LONG_MIN == UPB_INT64_MIN
+#define UPB_LONG_IS_64BITS 1
+#endif
+
+#if LLONG_MAX == UPB_INT64_MAX && LLONG_MIN == UPB_INT64_MIN
+#define UPB_LLONG_IS_64BITS 1
+#endif
+
+/* We use macros instead of typedefs so we can undefine them later and avoid
+ * leaking them outside this header file. */
+#if UPB_INT_IS_32BITS
+#define UPB_INT32_T int
+#define UPB_UINT32_T unsigned int
+
+#if UPB_LONG_IS_32BITS
+#define UPB_TWO_32BIT_TYPES 1
+#define UPB_INT32ALT_T long
+#define UPB_UINT32ALT_T unsigned long
+#endif  /* UPB_LONG_IS_32BITS */
+
+#elif UPB_LONG_IS_32BITS  /* && !UPB_INT_IS_32BITS */
+#define UPB_INT32_T long
+#define UPB_UINT32_T unsigned long
+#endif  /* UPB_INT_IS_32BITS */
+
+
+#if UPB_LONG_IS_64BITS
+#define UPB_INT64_T long
+#define UPB_UINT64_T unsigned long
+
+#if UPB_LLONG_IS_64BITS
+#define UPB_TWO_64BIT_TYPES 1
+#define UPB_INT64ALT_T long long
+#define UPB_UINT64ALT_T unsigned long long
+#endif  /* UPB_LLONG_IS_64BITS */
+
+#elif UPB_LLONG_IS_64BITS  /* && !UPB_LONG_IS_64BITS */
+#define UPB_INT64_T long long
+#define UPB_UINT64_T unsigned long long
+#endif  /* UPB_LONG_IS_64BITS */
+
+#undef UPB_INT32_MAX
+#undef UPB_INT32_MIN
+#undef UPB_INT64_MAX
+#undef UPB_INT64_MIN
+#undef UPB_INT_IS_32BITS
+#undef UPB_LONG_IS_32BITS
+#undef UPB_LONG_IS_64BITS
+#undef UPB_LLONG_IS_64BITS
+
+
+namespace upb {
+
+typedef void CleanupFunc(void *ptr);
+
+/* Template to remove "const" from "const T*" and just return "T*".
+ *
+ * We define a nonsense default because otherwise it will fail to instantiate as
+ * a function parameter type even in cases where we don't expect any caller to
+ * actually match the overload. */
+class CouldntRemoveConst {};
+template <class T> struct remove_constptr { typedef CouldntRemoveConst type; };
+template <class T> struct remove_constptr<const T *> { typedef T *type; };
+
+/* Template that we use below to remove a template specialization from
+ * consideration if it matches a specific type. */
+template <class T, class U> struct disable_if_same { typedef void Type; };
+template <class T> struct disable_if_same<T, T> {};
+
+template <class T> void DeletePointer(void *p) { delete static_cast<T>(p); }
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct FirstUnlessVoidOrBool {
+  typedef T1 value;
+};
+
+template <class T2>
+struct FirstUnlessVoidOrBool<void, T2> {
+  typedef T2 value;
+};
+
+template <class T2>
+struct FirstUnlessVoidOrBool<bool, T2> {
+  typedef T2 value;
+};
+
+template<class T, class U>
+struct is_same {
+  static bool value;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+struct is_same<T, T> {
+  static bool value;
+};
+
+template<class T, class U>
+bool is_same<T, U>::value = false;
+
+template<class T>
+bool is_same<T, T>::value = true;
+
+/* FuncInfo *******************************************************************/
+
+/* Info about the user's original, pre-wrapped function. */
+template <class C, class R = void>
+struct FuncInfo {
+  /* The type of the closure that the function takes (its first param). */
+  typedef C Closure;
+
+  /* The return type. */
+  typedef R Return;
+};
+
+/* Func ***********************************************************************/
+
+/* Func1, Func2, Func3: Template classes representing a function and its
+ * signature.
+ *
+ * Since the function is a template parameter, calling the function can be
+ * inlined at compile-time and does not require a function pointer at runtime.
+ * These functions are not bound to a handler data so have no data or cleanup
+ * handler. */
+struct UnboundFunc {
+  CleanupFunc *GetCleanup() { return nullptr; }
+  void *GetData() { return nullptr; }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, R F(P1), class I>
+struct Func1 : public UnboundFunc {
+  typedef R Return;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  static R Call(P1 p1) { return F(p1); }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2), class I>
+struct Func2 : public UnboundFunc {
+  typedef R Return;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  static R Call(P1 p1, P2 p2) { return F(p1, p2); }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, R F(P1, P2, P3), class I>
+struct Func3 : public UnboundFunc {
+  typedef R Return;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  static R Call(P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3) { return F(p1, p2, p3); }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, R F(P1, P2, P3, P4),
+          class I>
+struct Func4 : public UnboundFunc {
+  typedef R Return;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  static R Call(P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3, P4 p4) { return F(p1, p2, p3, p4); }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5,
+          R F(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5), class I>
+struct Func5 : public UnboundFunc {
+  typedef R Return;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  static R Call(P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3, P4 p4, P5 p5) {
+    return F(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);
+  }
+};
+
+/* BoundFunc ******************************************************************/
+
+/* BoundFunc2, BoundFunc3: Like Func2/Func3 except also contains a value that
+ * shall be bound to the function's second parameter.
+ * 
+ * Note that the second parameter is a const pointer, but our stored bound value
+ * is non-const so we can free it when the handlers are destroyed. */
+template <class T>
+struct BoundFunc {
+  typedef typename remove_constptr<T>::type MutableP2;
+  explicit BoundFunc(MutableP2 data_) : data(data_) {}
+  CleanupFunc *GetCleanup() { return &DeletePointer<MutableP2>; }
+  MutableP2 GetData() { return data; }
+  MutableP2 data;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2), class I>
+struct BoundFunc2 : public BoundFunc<P2> {
+  typedef BoundFunc<P2> Base;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  explicit BoundFunc2(typename Base::MutableP2 arg) : Base(arg) {}
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, R F(P1, P2, P3), class I>
+struct BoundFunc3 : public BoundFunc<P2> {
+  typedef BoundFunc<P2> Base;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  explicit BoundFunc3(typename Base::MutableP2 arg) : Base(arg) {}
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, R F(P1, P2, P3, P4),
+          class I>
+struct BoundFunc4 : public BoundFunc<P2> {
+  typedef BoundFunc<P2> Base;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  explicit BoundFunc4(typename Base::MutableP2 arg) : Base(arg) {}
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5,
+          R F(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5), class I>
+struct BoundFunc5 : public BoundFunc<P2> {
+  typedef BoundFunc<P2> Base;
+  typedef I FuncInfo;
+  explicit BoundFunc5(typename Base::MutableP2 arg) : Base(arg) {}
+};
+
+/* FuncSig ********************************************************************/
+
+/* FuncSig1, FuncSig2, FuncSig3: template classes reflecting a function
+ * *signature*, but without a specific function attached.
+ *
+ * These classes contain member functions that can be invoked with a
+ * specific function to return a Func/BoundFunc class. */
+template <class R, class P1>
+struct FuncSig1 {
+  template <R F(P1)>
+  Func1<R, P1, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc() {
+    return Func1<R, P1, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >();
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2>
+struct FuncSig2 {
+  template <R F(P1, P2)>
+  Func2<R, P1, P2, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc() {
+    return Func2<R, P1, P2, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R F(P1, P2)>
+  BoundFunc2<R, P1, P2, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc(
+      typename remove_constptr<P2>::type param2) {
+    return BoundFunc2<R, P1, P2, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >(param2);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3>
+struct FuncSig3 {
+  template <R F(P1, P2, P3)>
+  Func3<R, P1, P2, P3, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc() {
+    return Func3<R, P1, P2, P3, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R F(P1, P2, P3)>
+  BoundFunc3<R, P1, P2, P3, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc(
+      typename remove_constptr<P2>::type param2) {
+    return BoundFunc3<R, P1, P2, P3, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >(param2);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4>
+struct FuncSig4 {
+  template <R F(P1, P2, P3, P4)>
+  Func4<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc() {
+    return Func4<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R F(P1, P2, P3, P4)>
+  BoundFunc4<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc(
+      typename remove_constptr<P2>::type param2) {
+    return BoundFunc4<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >(param2);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5>
+struct FuncSig5 {
+  template <R F(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5)>
+  Func5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc() {
+    return Func5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R F(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5)>
+  BoundFunc5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> > GetFunc(
+      typename remove_constptr<P2>::type param2) {
+    return BoundFunc5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, F, FuncInfo<P1, R> >(param2);
+  }
+};
+
+/* Overloaded template function that can construct the appropriate FuncSig*
+ * class given a function pointer by deducing the template parameters. */
+template <class R, class P1>
+inline FuncSig1<R, P1> MatchFunc(R (*f)(P1)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return FuncSig1<R, P1>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2>
+inline FuncSig2<R, P1, P2> MatchFunc(R (*f)(P1, P2)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return FuncSig2<R, P1, P2>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3>
+inline FuncSig3<R, P1, P2, P3> MatchFunc(R (*f)(P1, P2, P3)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return FuncSig3<R, P1, P2, P3>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4>
+inline FuncSig4<R, P1, P2, P3, P4> MatchFunc(R (*f)(P1, P2, P3, P4)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return FuncSig4<R, P1, P2, P3, P4>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5>
+inline FuncSig5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5> MatchFunc(R (*f)(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return FuncSig5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5>();
+}
+
+/* MethodSig ******************************************************************/
+
+/* CallMethod*: a function template that calls a given method. */
+template <class R, class C, R (C::*F)()>
+R CallMethod0(C *obj) {
+  return ((*obj).*F)();
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, R (C::*F)(P1)>
+R CallMethod1(C *obj, P1 arg1) {
+  return ((*obj).*F)(arg1);
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2, R (C::*F)(P1, P2)>
+R CallMethod2(C *obj, P1 arg1, P2 arg2) {
+  return ((*obj).*F)(arg1, arg2);
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2, class P3, R (C::*F)(P1, P2, P3)>
+R CallMethod3(C *obj, P1 arg1, P2 arg2, P3 arg3) {
+  return ((*obj).*F)(arg1, arg2, arg3);
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4,
+          R (C::*F)(P1, P2, P3, P4)>
+R CallMethod4(C *obj, P1 arg1, P2 arg2, P3 arg3, P4 arg4) {
+  return ((*obj).*F)(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4);
+}
+
+/* MethodSig: like FuncSig, but for member functions.
+ *
+ * GetFunc() returns a normal FuncN object, so after calling GetFunc() no
+ * more logic is required to special-case methods. */
+template <class R, class C>
+struct MethodSig0 {
+  template <R (C::*F)()>
+  Func1<R, C *, CallMethod0<R, C, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> > GetFunc() {
+    return Func1<R, C *, CallMethod0<R, C, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> >();
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1>
+struct MethodSig1 {
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1)>
+  Func2<R, C *, P1, CallMethod1<R, C, P1, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> > GetFunc() {
+    return Func2<R, C *, P1, CallMethod1<R, C, P1, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1)>
+  BoundFunc2<R, C *, P1, CallMethod1<R, C, P1, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> > GetFunc(
+      typename remove_constptr<P1>::type param1) {
+    return BoundFunc2<R, C *, P1, CallMethod1<R, C, P1, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> >(
+        param1);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2>
+struct MethodSig2 {
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1, P2)>
+  Func3<R, C *, P1, P2, CallMethod2<R, C, P1, P2, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> >
+  GetFunc() {
+    return Func3<R, C *, P1, P2, CallMethod2<R, C, P1, P2, F>,
+                 FuncInfo<C *, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1, P2)>
+  BoundFunc3<R, C *, P1, P2, CallMethod2<R, C, P1, P2, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> >
+  GetFunc(typename remove_constptr<P1>::type param1) {
+    return BoundFunc3<R, C *, P1, P2, CallMethod2<R, C, P1, P2, F>,
+                      FuncInfo<C *, R> >(param1);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2, class P3>
+struct MethodSig3 {
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1, P2, P3)>
+  Func4<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, CallMethod3<R, C, P1, P2, P3, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> >
+  GetFunc() {
+    return Func4<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, CallMethod3<R, C, P1, P2, P3, F>,
+                 FuncInfo<C *, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1, P2, P3)>
+  BoundFunc4<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, CallMethod3<R, C, P1, P2, P3, F>,
+             FuncInfo<C *, R> >
+  GetFunc(typename remove_constptr<P1>::type param1) {
+    return BoundFunc4<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, CallMethod3<R, C, P1, P2, P3, F>,
+                      FuncInfo<C *, R> >(param1);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4>
+struct MethodSig4 {
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1, P2, P3, P4)>
+  Func5<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, P4, CallMethod4<R, C, P1, P2, P3, P4, F>,
+        FuncInfo<C *, R> >
+  GetFunc() {
+    return Func5<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, P4, CallMethod4<R, C, P1, P2, P3, P4, F>,
+                 FuncInfo<C *, R> >();
+  }
+
+  template <R (C::*F)(P1, P2, P3, P4)>
+  BoundFunc5<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, P4, CallMethod4<R, C, P1, P2, P3, P4, F>,
+             FuncInfo<C *, R> >
+  GetFunc(typename remove_constptr<P1>::type param1) {
+    return BoundFunc5<R, C *, P1, P2, P3, P4,
+                      CallMethod4<R, C, P1, P2, P3, P4, F>, FuncInfo<C *, R> >(
+        param1);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class R, class C>
+inline MethodSig0<R, C> MatchFunc(R (C::*f)()) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return MethodSig0<R, C>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1>
+inline MethodSig1<R, C, P1> MatchFunc(R (C::*f)(P1)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return MethodSig1<R, C, P1>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2>
+inline MethodSig2<R, C, P1, P2> MatchFunc(R (C::*f)(P1, P2)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return MethodSig2<R, C, P1, P2>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2, class P3>
+inline MethodSig3<R, C, P1, P2, P3> MatchFunc(R (C::*f)(P1, P2, P3)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return MethodSig3<R, C, P1, P2, P3>();
+}
+
+template <class R, class C, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4>
+inline MethodSig4<R, C, P1, P2, P3, P4> MatchFunc(R (C::*f)(P1, P2, P3, P4)) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(f);  /* Only used for template parameter deduction. */
+  return MethodSig4<R, C, P1, P2, P3, P4>();
+}
+
+/* MaybeWrapReturn ************************************************************/
+
+/* Template class that attempts to wrap the return value of the function so it
+ * matches the expected type.  There are two main adjustments it may make:
+ *
+ *   1. If the function returns void, make it return the expected type and with
+ *      a value that always indicates success.
+ *   2. If the function returns bool, make it return the expected type with a
+ *      value that indicates success or failure.
+ *
+ * The "expected type" for return is:
+ *   1. void* for start handlers.  If the closure parameter has a different type
+ *      we will cast it to void* for the return in the success case.
+ *   2. size_t for string buffer handlers.
+ *   3. bool for everything else. */
+
+/* Template parameters are FuncN type and desired return type. */
+template <class F, class R, class Enable = void>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn;
+
+/* If the return type matches, return the given function unwrapped. */
+template <class F>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<F, typename F::Return> {
+  typedef F Func;
+};
+
+/* Function wrapper that munges the return value from void to (bool)true. */
+template <class P1, class P2, void F(P1, P2)>
+bool ReturnTrue2(P1 p1, P2 p2) {
+  F(p1, p2);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <class P1, class P2, class P3, void F(P1, P2, P3)>
+bool ReturnTrue3(P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3) {
+  F(p1, p2, p3);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Function wrapper that munges the return value from void to (void*)arg1  */
+template <class P1, class P2, void F(P1, P2)>
+void *ReturnClosure2(P1 p1, P2 p2) {
+  F(p1, p2);
+  return p1;
+}
+
+template <class P1, class P2, class P3, void F(P1, P2, P3)>
+void *ReturnClosure3(P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3) {
+  F(p1, p2, p3);
+  return p1;
+}
+
+/* Function wrapper that munges the return value from R to void*. */
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2)>
+void *CastReturnToVoidPtr2(P1 p1, P2 p2) {
+  return F(p1, p2);
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, R F(P1, P2, P3)>
+void *CastReturnToVoidPtr3(P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3) {
+  return F(p1, p2, p3);
+}
+
+/* Function wrapper that munges the return value from bool to void*. */
+template <class P1, class P2, bool F(P1, P2)>
+void *ReturnClosureOrBreak2(P1 p1, P2 p2) {
+  return F(p1, p2) ? p1 : UPB_BREAK;
+}
+
+template <class P1, class P2, class P3, bool F(P1, P2, P3)>
+void *ReturnClosureOrBreak3(P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3) {
+  return F(p1, p2, p3) ? p1 : UPB_BREAK;
+}
+
+/* For the string callback, which takes five params, returns the size param. */
+template <class P1, class P2,
+          void F(P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *)>
+size_t ReturnStringLen(P1 p1, P2 p2, const char *p3, size_t p4,
+                       const upb_bufhandle *p5) {
+  F(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);
+  return p4;
+}
+
+/* For the string callback, which takes five params, returns the size param or
+ * zero. */
+template <class P1, class P2,
+          bool F(P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *)>
+size_t ReturnNOr0(P1 p1, P2 p2, const char *p3, size_t p4,
+                  const upb_bufhandle *p5) {
+  return F(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5) ? p4 : 0;
+}
+
+/* If we have a function returning void but want a function returning bool, wrap
+ * it in a function that returns true. */
+template <class P1, class P2, void F(P1, P2), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func2<void, P1, P2, F, I>, bool> {
+  typedef Func2<bool, P1, P2, ReturnTrue2<P1, P2, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+template <class P1, class P2, class P3, void F(P1, P2, P3), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func3<void, P1, P2, P3, F, I>, bool> {
+  typedef Func3<bool, P1, P2, P3, ReturnTrue3<P1, P2, P3, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* If our function returns void but we want one returning void*, wrap it in a
+ * function that returns the first argument. */
+template <class P1, class P2, void F(P1, P2), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func2<void, P1, P2, F, I>, void *> {
+  typedef Func2<void *, P1, P2, ReturnClosure2<P1, P2, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+template <class P1, class P2, class P3, void F(P1, P2, P3), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func3<void, P1, P2, P3, F, I>, void *> {
+  typedef Func3<void *, P1, P2, P3, ReturnClosure3<P1, P2, P3, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* If our function returns R* but we want one returning void*, wrap it in a
+ * function that casts to void*. */
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R *F(P1, P2), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func2<R *, P1, P2, F, I>, void *,
+                       typename disable_if_same<R *, void *>::Type> {
+  typedef Func2<void *, P1, P2, CastReturnToVoidPtr2<R *, P1, P2, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, R *F(P1, P2, P3), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func3<R *, P1, P2, P3, F, I>, void *,
+                       typename disable_if_same<R *, void *>::Type> {
+  typedef Func3<void *, P1, P2, P3, CastReturnToVoidPtr3<R *, P1, P2, P3, F>, I>
+      Func;
+};
+
+/* If our function returns bool but we want one returning void*, wrap it in a
+ * function that returns either the first param or UPB_BREAK. */
+template <class P1, class P2, bool F(P1, P2), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func2<bool, P1, P2, F, I>, void *> {
+  typedef Func2<void *, P1, P2, ReturnClosureOrBreak2<P1, P2, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+template <class P1, class P2, class P3, bool F(P1, P2, P3), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<Func3<bool, P1, P2, P3, F, I>, void *> {
+  typedef Func3<void *, P1, P2, P3, ReturnClosureOrBreak3<P1, P2, P3, F>, I>
+      Func;
+};
+
+/* If our function returns void but we want one returning size_t, wrap it in a
+ * function that returns the size argument. */
+template <class P1, class P2,
+          void F(P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<
+    Func5<void, P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *, F, I>,
+          size_t> {
+  typedef Func5<size_t, P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *,
+                ReturnStringLen<P1, P2, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* If our function returns bool but we want one returning size_t, wrap it in a
+ * function that returns either 0 or the buf size. */
+template <class P1, class P2,
+          bool F(P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *), class I>
+struct MaybeWrapReturn<
+    Func5<bool, P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *, F, I>,
+    size_t> {
+  typedef Func5<size_t, P1, P2, const char *, size_t, const upb_bufhandle *,
+                ReturnNOr0<P1, P2, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* ConvertParams **************************************************************/
+
+/* Template class that converts the function parameters if necessary, and
+ * ignores the HandlerData parameter if appropriate.
+ *
+ * Template parameter is the are FuncN function type. */
+template <class F, class T>
+struct ConvertParams;
+
+/* Function that discards the handler data parameter. */
+template <class R, class P1, R F(P1)>
+R IgnoreHandlerData2(void *p1, const void *hd) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(p1));
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2Wrapper, class P2Wrapped,
+          R F(P1, P2Wrapped)>
+R IgnoreHandlerData3(void *p1, const void *hd, P2Wrapper p2) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(p1), p2);
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, R F(P1, P2, P3)>
+R IgnoreHandlerData4(void *p1, const void *hd, P2 p2, P3 p3) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(p1), p2, p3);
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, R F(P1, P2, P3, P4)>
+R IgnoreHandlerData5(void *p1, const void *hd, P2 p2, P3 p3, P4 p4) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(p1), p2, p3, p4);
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, R F(P1, const char*, size_t)>
+R IgnoreHandlerDataIgnoreHandle(void *p1, const void *hd, const char *p2,
+                                size_t p3, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(p1), p2, p3);
+}
+
+/* Function that casts the handler data parameter. */
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2)>
+R CastHandlerData2(void *c, const void *hd) {
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(c), static_cast<P2>(hd));
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3Wrapper, class P3Wrapped,
+          R F(P1, P2, P3Wrapped)>
+R CastHandlerData3(void *c, const void *hd, P3Wrapper p3) {
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(c), static_cast<P2>(hd), p3);
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5,
+          R F(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5)>
+R CastHandlerData5(void *c, const void *hd, P3 p3, P4 p4, P5 p5) {
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(c), static_cast<P2>(hd), p3, p4, p5);
+}
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2, const char *, size_t)>
+R CastHandlerDataIgnoreHandle(void *c, const void *hd, const char *p3,
+                              size_t p4, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
+  return F(static_cast<P1>(c), static_cast<P2>(hd), p3, p4);
+}
+
+/* For unbound functions, ignore the handler data. */
+template <class R, class P1, R F(P1), class I, class T>
+struct ConvertParams<Func1<R, P1, F, I>, T> {
+  typedef Func2<R, void *, const void *, IgnoreHandlerData2<R, P1, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2), class I,
+          class R2, class P1_2, class P2_2, class P3_2>
+struct ConvertParams<Func2<R, P1, P2, F, I>,
+                     R2 (*)(P1_2, P2_2, P3_2)> {
+  typedef Func3<R, void *, const void *, P3_2,
+                IgnoreHandlerData3<R, P1, P3_2, P2, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* For StringBuffer only; this ignores both the handler data and the
+ * upb_bufhandle. */
+template <class R, class P1, R F(P1, const char *, size_t), class I, class T>
+struct ConvertParams<Func3<R, P1, const char *, size_t, F, I>, T> {
+  typedef Func5<R, void *, const void *, const char *, size_t,
+                const upb_bufhandle *, IgnoreHandlerDataIgnoreHandle<R, P1, F>,
+                I> Func;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, R F(P1, P2, P3, P4),
+          class I, class T>
+struct ConvertParams<Func4<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, F, I>, T> {
+  typedef Func5<R, void *, const void *, P2, P3, P4,
+                IgnoreHandlerData5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* For bound functions, cast the handler data. */
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2), class I, class T>
+struct ConvertParams<BoundFunc2<R, P1, P2, F, I>, T> {
+  typedef Func2<R, void *, const void *, CastHandlerData2<R, P1, P2, F>, I>
+      Func;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, R F(P1, P2, P3), class I,
+          class R2, class P1_2, class P2_2, class P3_2>
+struct ConvertParams<BoundFunc3<R, P1, P2, P3, F, I>,
+                     R2 (*)(P1_2, P2_2, P3_2)> {
+  typedef Func3<R, void *, const void *, P3_2,
+                CastHandlerData3<R, P1, P2, P3_2, P3, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* For StringBuffer only; this ignores the upb_bufhandle. */
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, R F(P1, P2, const char *, size_t),
+          class I, class T>
+struct ConvertParams<BoundFunc4<R, P1, P2, const char *, size_t, F, I>, T> {
+  typedef Func5<R, void *, const void *, const char *, size_t,
+                const upb_bufhandle *,
+                CastHandlerDataIgnoreHandle<R, P1, P2, F>, I>
+      Func;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5,
+          R F(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5), class I, class T>
+struct ConvertParams<BoundFunc5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, F, I>, T> {
+  typedef Func5<R, void *, const void *, P3, P4, P5,
+                CastHandlerData5<R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, F>, I> Func;
+};
+
+/* utype/ltype are upper/lower-case, ctype is canonical C type, vtype is
+ * variant C type. */
+#define TYPE_METHODS(utype, ltype, ctype, vtype)                      \
+  template <>                                                         \
+  struct CanonicalType<vtype> {                                       \
+    typedef ctype Type;                                               \
+  };                                                                  \
+  template <>                                                         \
+  inline bool HandlersPtr::SetValueHandler<vtype>(                    \
+      FieldDefPtr f, const HandlersPtr::utype##Handler &handler) {    \
+    handler.AddCleanup(ptr());                                        \
+    return upb_handlers_set##ltype(ptr(), f.ptr(), handler.handler(), \
+                                   &handler.attr());                  \
+  }
+
+TYPE_METHODS(Double, double, double,   double)
+TYPE_METHODS(Float,  float,  float,    float)
+TYPE_METHODS(UInt64, uint64, uint64_t, UPB_UINT64_T)
+TYPE_METHODS(UInt32, uint32, uint32_t, UPB_UINT32_T)
+TYPE_METHODS(Int64,  int64,  int64_t,  UPB_INT64_T)
+TYPE_METHODS(Int32,  int32,  int32_t,  UPB_INT32_T)
+TYPE_METHODS(Bool,   bool,   bool,     bool)
+
+#ifdef UPB_TWO_32BIT_TYPES
+TYPE_METHODS(Int32,  int32,  int32_t,  UPB_INT32ALT_T)
+TYPE_METHODS(UInt32, uint32, uint32_t, UPB_UINT32ALT_T)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef UPB_TWO_64BIT_TYPES
+TYPE_METHODS(Int64,  int64,  int64_t,  UPB_INT64ALT_T)
+TYPE_METHODS(UInt64, uint64, uint64_t, UPB_UINT64ALT_T)
+#endif
+#undef TYPE_METHODS
+
+template <> struct CanonicalType<Status*> {
+  typedef Status* Type;
+};
+
+template <class F> struct ReturnOf;
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2>
+struct ReturnOf<R (*)(P1, P2)> {
+  typedef R Return;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3>
+struct ReturnOf<R (*)(P1, P2, P3)> {
+  typedef R Return;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4>
+struct ReturnOf<R (*)(P1, P2, P3, P4)> {
+  typedef R Return;
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5>
+struct ReturnOf<R (*)(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5)> {
+  typedef R Return;
+};
+
+
+template <class T>
+template <class F>
+inline Handler<T>::Handler(F func)
+    : registered_(false),
+      cleanup_data_(func.GetData()),
+      cleanup_func_(func.GetCleanup()) {
+  attr_.handler_data = func.GetData();
+  typedef typename ReturnOf<T>::Return Return;
+  typedef typename ConvertParams<F, T>::Func ConvertedParamsFunc;
+  typedef typename MaybeWrapReturn<ConvertedParamsFunc, Return>::Func
+      ReturnWrappedFunc;
+  handler_ = ReturnWrappedFunc().Call;
+
+  /* Set attributes based on what templates can statically tell us about the
+   * user's function. */
+
+  /* If the original function returns void, then we know that we wrapped it to
+   * always return ok. */
+  bool always_ok = is_same<typename F::FuncInfo::Return, void>::value;
+  attr_.alwaysok = always_ok;
+
+  /* Closure parameter and return type. */
+  attr_.closure_type = UniquePtrForType<typename F::FuncInfo::Closure>();
+
+  /* We use the closure type (from the first parameter) if the return type is
+   * void or bool, since these are the two cases we wrap to return the closure's
+   * type anyway.
+   *
+   * This is all nonsense for non START* handlers, but it doesn't matter because
+   * in that case the value will be ignored. */
+  typedef typename FirstUnlessVoidOrBool<typename F::FuncInfo::Return,
+                                         typename F::FuncInfo::Closure>::value
+      EffectiveReturn;
+  attr_.return_closure_type = UniquePtrForType<EffectiveReturn>();
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void Handler<T>::AddCleanup(upb_handlers* h) const {
+  UPB_ASSERT(!registered_);
+  registered_ = true;
+  if (cleanup_func_) {
+    bool ok = upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, cleanup_data_, cleanup_func_);
+    UPB_ASSERT(ok);
+  }
+}
+
+}  /* namespace upb */
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+#undef UPB_TWO_32BIT_TYPES
+#undef UPB_TWO_64BIT_TYPES
+#undef UPB_INT32_T
+#undef UPB_UINT32_T
+#undef UPB_INT32ALT_T
+#undef UPB_UINT32ALT_T
+#undef UPB_INT64_T
+#undef UPB_UINT64_T
+#undef UPB_INT64ALT_T
+#undef UPB_UINT64ALT_T
+
+
+#endif  /* UPB_HANDLERS_INL_H_ */
+
+#endif  /* UPB_HANDLERS_H */
+/*
+** upb::Sink (upb_sink)
+** upb::BytesSink (upb_bytessink)
+**
+** A upb_sink is an object that binds a upb_handlers object to some runtime
+** state.  It is the object that can actually receive data via the upb_handlers
+** interface.
+**
+** Unlike upb_def and upb_handlers, upb_sink is never frozen, immutable, or
+** thread-safe.  You can create as many of them as you want, but each one may
+** only be used in a single thread at a time.
+**
+** If we compare with class-based OOP, a you can think of a upb_def as an
+** abstract base class, a upb_handlers as a concrete derived class, and a
+** upb_sink as an object (class instance).
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_SINK_H
+#define UPB_SINK_H
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace upb {
+class BytesSink;
+class Sink;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* upb_sink *******************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_handlers *handlers;
+  void *closure;
+} upb_sink;
+
+#define PUTVAL(type, ctype)                                           \
+  UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_put##type(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel,  \
+                                     ctype val) {                     \
+    typedef upb_##type##_handlerfunc functype;                        \
+    functype *func;                                                   \
+    const void *hd;                                                   \
+    if (!s.handlers) return true;                                     \
+    func = (functype *)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd); \
+    if (!func) return true;                                           \
+    return func(s.closure, hd, val);                                  \
+  }
+
+PUTVAL(int32,  int32_t)
+PUTVAL(int64,  int64_t)
+PUTVAL(uint32, uint32_t)
+PUTVAL(uint64, uint64_t)
+PUTVAL(float,  float)
+PUTVAL(double, double)
+PUTVAL(bool,   bool)
+#undef PUTVAL
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_sink_reset(upb_sink *s, const upb_handlers *h, void *c) {
+  s->handlers = h;
+  s->closure = c;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE size_t upb_sink_putstring(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel,
+                                     const char *buf, size_t n,
+                                     const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+  typedef upb_string_handlerfunc func;
+  func *handler;
+  const void *hd;
+  if (!s.handlers) return n;
+  handler = (func *)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd);
+
+  if (!handler) return n;
+  return handler(s.closure, hd, buf, n, handle);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_putunknown(upb_sink s, const char *buf, size_t n) {
+  typedef upb_unknown_handlerfunc func;
+  func *handler;
+  const void *hd;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  handler =
+      (func *)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, UPB_UNKNOWN_SELECTOR, &hd);
+
+  if (!handler) return n;
+  return handler(s.closure, hd, buf, n);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_startmsg(upb_sink s) {
+  typedef upb_startmsg_handlerfunc func;
+  func *startmsg;
+  const void *hd;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  startmsg =
+      (func *)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, UPB_STARTMSG_SELECTOR, &hd);
+
+  if (!startmsg) return true;
+  return startmsg(s.closure, hd);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_endmsg(upb_sink s, upb_status *status) {
+  typedef upb_endmsg_handlerfunc func;
+  func *endmsg;
+  const void *hd;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  endmsg =
+      (func *)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, UPB_ENDMSG_SELECTOR, &hd);
+
+  if (!endmsg) return true;
+  return endmsg(s.closure, hd, status);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_startseq(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel,
+                                  upb_sink *sub) {
+  typedef upb_startfield_handlerfunc func;
+  func *startseq;
+  const void *hd;
+  sub->closure = s.closure;
+  sub->handlers = s.handlers;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  startseq = (func*)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd);
+
+  if (!startseq) return true;
+  sub->closure = startseq(s.closure, hd);
+  return sub->closure ? true : false;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_endseq(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel) {
+  typedef upb_endfield_handlerfunc func;
+  func *endseq;
+  const void *hd;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  endseq = (func*)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd);
+
+  if (!endseq) return true;
+  return endseq(s.closure, hd);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_startstr(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel,
+                                  size_t size_hint, upb_sink *sub) {
+  typedef upb_startstr_handlerfunc func;
+  func *startstr;
+  const void *hd;
+  sub->closure = s.closure;
+  sub->handlers = s.handlers;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  startstr = (func*)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd);
+
+  if (!startstr) return true;
+  sub->closure = startstr(s.closure, hd, size_hint);
+  return sub->closure ? true : false;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_endstr(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel) {
+  typedef upb_endfield_handlerfunc func;
+  func *endstr;
+  const void *hd;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  endstr = (func*)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd);
+
+  if (!endstr) return true;
+  return endstr(s.closure, hd);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_startsubmsg(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel,
+                                     upb_sink *sub) {
+  typedef upb_startfield_handlerfunc func;
+  func *startsubmsg;
+  const void *hd;
+  sub->closure = s.closure;
+  if (!s.handlers) {
+    sub->handlers = NULL;
+    return true;
+  }
+  sub->handlers = upb_handlers_getsubhandlers_sel(s.handlers, sel);
+  startsubmsg = (func*)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd);
+
+  if (!startsubmsg) return true;
+  sub->closure = startsubmsg(s.closure, hd);
+  return sub->closure ? true : false;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_sink_endsubmsg(upb_sink s, upb_selector_t sel) {
+  typedef upb_endfield_handlerfunc func;
+  func *endsubmsg;
+  const void *hd;
+  if (!s.handlers) return true;
+  endsubmsg = (func*)upb_handlers_gethandler(s.handlers, sel, &hd);
+
+  if (!endsubmsg) return s.closure;
+  return endsubmsg(s.closure, hd);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* A upb::Sink is an object that binds a upb::Handlers object to some runtime
+ * state.  It represents an endpoint to which data can be sent.
+ *
+ * TODO(haberman): right now all of these functions take selectors.  Should they
+ * take selectorbase instead?
+ *
+ * ie. instead of calling:
+ *   sink->StartString(FOO_FIELD_START_STRING, ...)
+ * a selector base would let you say:
+ *   sink->StartString(FOO_FIELD, ...)
+ *
+ * This would make call sites a little nicer and require emitting fewer selector
+ * definitions in .h files.
+ *
+ * But the current scheme has the benefit that you can retrieve a function
+ * pointer for any handler with handlers->GetHandler(selector), without having
+ * to have a separate GetHandler() function for each handler type.  The JIT
+ * compiler uses this.  To accommodate we'd have to expose a separate
+ * GetHandler() for every handler type.
+ *
+ * Also to ponder: selectors right now are independent of a specific Handlers
+ * instance.  In other words, they allocate a number to every possible handler
+ * that *could* be registered, without knowing anything about what handlers
+ * *are* registered.  That means that using selectors as table offsets prohibits
+ * us from compacting the handler table at Freeze() time.  If the table is very
+ * sparse, this could be wasteful.
+ *
+ * Having another selector-like thing that is specific to a Handlers instance
+ * would allow this compacting, but then it would be impossible to write code
+ * ahead-of-time that can be bound to any Handlers instance at runtime.  For
+ * example, a .proto file parser written as straight C will not know what
+ * Handlers it will be bound to, so when it calls sink->StartString() what
+ * selector will it pass?  It needs a selector like we have today, that is
+ * independent of any particular upb::Handlers.
+ *
+ * Is there a way then to allow Handlers table compaction? */
+class upb::Sink {
+ public:
+  /* Constructor with no initialization; must be Reset() before use. */
+  Sink() {}
+
+  Sink(const Sink&) = default;
+  Sink& operator=(const Sink&) = default;
+
+  Sink(const upb_sink& sink) : sink_(sink) {}
+  Sink &operator=(const upb_sink &sink) {
+    sink_ = sink;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  upb_sink sink() { return sink_; }
+
+  /* Constructs a new sink for the given frozen handlers and closure.
+   *
+   * TODO: once the Handlers know the expected closure type, verify that T
+   * matches it. */
+  template <class T> Sink(const upb_handlers* handlers, T* closure) {
+    Reset(handlers, closure);
+  }
+
+  upb_sink* ptr() { return &sink_; }
+
+  /* Resets the value of the sink. */
+  template <class T> void Reset(const upb_handlers* handlers, T* closure) {
+    upb_sink_reset(&sink_, handlers, closure);
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the top-level object that is bound to this sink.
+   *
+   * TODO: once the Handlers know the expected closure type, verify that T
+   * matches it. */
+  template <class T> T* GetObject() const {
+    return static_cast<T*>(sink_.closure);
+  }
+
+  /* Functions for pushing data into the sink.
+   *
+   * These return false if processing should stop (either due to error or just
+   * to suspend).
+   *
+   * These may not be called from within one of the same sink's handlers (in
+   * other words, handlers are not re-entrant). */
+
+  /* Should be called at the start and end of every message; both the top-level
+   * message and submessages.  This means that submessages should use the
+   * following sequence:
+   *   sink->StartSubMessage(startsubmsg_selector);
+   *   sink->StartMessage();
+   *   // ...
+   *   sink->EndMessage(&status);
+   *   sink->EndSubMessage(endsubmsg_selector); */
+  bool StartMessage() { return upb_sink_startmsg(sink_); }
+  bool EndMessage(upb_status *status) {
+    return upb_sink_endmsg(sink_, status);
+  }
+
+  /* Putting of individual values.  These work for both repeated and
+   * non-repeated fields, but for repeated fields you must wrap them in
+   * calls to StartSequence()/EndSequence(). */
+  bool PutInt32(HandlersPtr::Selector s, int32_t val) {
+    return upb_sink_putint32(sink_, s, val);
+  }
+
+  bool PutInt64(HandlersPtr::Selector s, int64_t val) {
+    return upb_sink_putint64(sink_, s, val);
+  }
+
+  bool PutUInt32(HandlersPtr::Selector s, uint32_t val) {
+    return upb_sink_putuint32(sink_, s, val);
+  }
+
+  bool PutUInt64(HandlersPtr::Selector s, uint64_t val) {
+    return upb_sink_putuint64(sink_, s, val);
+  }
+
+  bool PutFloat(HandlersPtr::Selector s, float val) {
+    return upb_sink_putfloat(sink_, s, val);
+  }
+
+  bool PutDouble(HandlersPtr::Selector s, double val) {
+    return upb_sink_putdouble(sink_, s, val);
+  }
+
+  bool PutBool(HandlersPtr::Selector s, bool val) {
+    return upb_sink_putbool(sink_, s, val);
+  }
+
+  /* Putting of string/bytes values.  Each string can consist of zero or more
+   * non-contiguous buffers of data.
+   *
+   * For StartString(), the function will write a sink for the string to "sub."
+   * The sub-sink must be used for any/all PutStringBuffer() calls. */
+  bool StartString(HandlersPtr::Selector s, size_t size_hint, Sink* sub) {
+    upb_sink sub_c;
+    bool ret = upb_sink_startstr(sink_, s, size_hint, &sub_c);
+    *sub = sub_c;
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  size_t PutStringBuffer(HandlersPtr::Selector s, const char *buf, size_t len,
+                         const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+    return upb_sink_putstring(sink_, s, buf, len, handle);
+  }
+
+  bool EndString(HandlersPtr::Selector s) {
+    return upb_sink_endstr(sink_, s);
+  }
+
+  /* For submessage fields.
+   *
+   * For StartSubMessage(), the function will write a sink for the string to
+   * "sub." The sub-sink must be used for any/all handlers called within the
+   * submessage. */
+  bool StartSubMessage(HandlersPtr::Selector s, Sink* sub) {
+    upb_sink sub_c;
+    bool ret = upb_sink_startsubmsg(sink_, s, &sub_c);
+    *sub = sub_c;
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  bool EndSubMessage(HandlersPtr::Selector s) {
+    return upb_sink_endsubmsg(sink_, s);
+  }
+
+  /* For repeated fields of any type, the sequence of values must be wrapped in
+   * these calls.
+   *
+   * For StartSequence(), the function will write a sink for the string to
+   * "sub." The sub-sink must be used for any/all handlers called within the
+   * sequence. */
+  bool StartSequence(HandlersPtr::Selector s, Sink* sub) {
+    upb_sink sub_c;
+    bool ret = upb_sink_startseq(sink_, s, &sub_c);
+    *sub = sub_c;
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  bool EndSequence(HandlersPtr::Selector s) {
+    return upb_sink_endseq(sink_, s);
+  }
+
+  /* Copy and assign specifically allowed.
+   * We don't even bother making these members private because so many
+   * functions need them and this is mainly just a dumb data container anyway.
+   */
+
+ private:
+  upb_sink sink_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_bytessink **************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+  const upb_byteshandler *handler;
+  void *closure;
+} upb_bytessink ;
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_bytessink_reset(upb_bytessink* s, const upb_byteshandler *h,
+                                    void *closure) {
+  s->handler = h;
+  s->closure = closure;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_bytessink_start(upb_bytessink s, size_t size_hint,
+                                    void **subc) {
+  typedef upb_startstr_handlerfunc func;
+  func *start;
+  *subc = s.closure;
+  if (!s.handler) return true;
+  start = (func *)s.handler->table[UPB_STARTSTR_SELECTOR].func;
+
+  if (!start) return true;
+  *subc = start(s.closure,
+                s.handler->table[UPB_STARTSTR_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data,
+                size_hint);
+  return *subc != NULL;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE size_t upb_bytessink_putbuf(upb_bytessink s, void *subc,
+                                       const char *buf, size_t size,
+                                       const upb_bufhandle* handle) {
+  typedef upb_string_handlerfunc func;
+  func *putbuf;
+  if (!s.handler) return true;
+  putbuf = (func *)s.handler->table[UPB_STRING_SELECTOR].func;
+
+  if (!putbuf) return true;
+  return putbuf(subc, s.handler->table[UPB_STRING_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data,
+                buf, size, handle);
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE bool upb_bytessink_end(upb_bytessink s) {
+  typedef upb_endfield_handlerfunc func;
+  func *end;
+  if (!s.handler) return true;
+  end = (func *)s.handler->table[UPB_ENDSTR_SELECTOR].func;
+
+  if (!end) return true;
+  return end(s.closure,
+             s.handler->table[UPB_ENDSTR_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+class upb::BytesSink {
+ public:
+  BytesSink() {}
+
+  BytesSink(const BytesSink&) = default;
+  BytesSink& operator=(const BytesSink&) = default;
+
+  BytesSink(const upb_bytessink& sink) : sink_(sink) {}
+  BytesSink &operator=(const upb_bytessink &sink) {
+    sink_ = sink;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  upb_bytessink sink() { return sink_; }
+
+  /* Constructs a new sink for the given frozen handlers and closure.
+   *
+   * TODO(haberman): once the Handlers know the expected closure type, verify
+   * that T matches it. */
+  template <class T> BytesSink(const upb_byteshandler* handler, T* closure) {
+    upb_bytessink_reset(sink_, handler, closure);
+  }
+
+  /* Resets the value of the sink. */
+  template <class T> void Reset(const upb_byteshandler* handler, T* closure) {
+    upb_bytessink_reset(&sink_, handler, closure);
+  }
+
+  bool Start(size_t size_hint, void **subc) {
+    return upb_bytessink_start(sink_, size_hint, subc);
+  }
+
+  size_t PutBuffer(void *subc, const char *buf, size_t len,
+                   const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
+    return upb_bytessink_putbuf(sink_, subc, buf, len, handle);
+  }
+
+  bool End() {
+    return upb_bytessink_end(sink_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  upb_bytessink sink_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_bufsrc *****************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+bool upb_bufsrc_putbuf(const char *buf, size_t len, upb_bytessink sink);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+namespace upb {
+template <class T> bool PutBuffer(const T& str, BytesSink sink) {
+  return upb_bufsrc_putbuf(str.data(), str.size(), sink.sink());
+}
+}
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+#endif
+/*
+** Internal-only definitions for the decoder.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_DECODER_INT_H_
+#define UPB_DECODER_INT_H_
+
+/*
+** upb::pb::Decoder
+**
+** A high performance, streaming, resumable decoder for the binary protobuf
+** format.
+**
+** This interface works the same regardless of what decoder backend is being
+** used.  A client of this class does not need to know whether decoding is using
+** a JITted decoder (DynASM, LLVM, etc) or an interpreted decoder.  By default,
+** it will always use the fastest available decoder.  However, you can call
+** set_allow_jit(false) to disable any JIT decoder that might be available.
+** This is primarily useful for testing purposes.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_DECODER_H_
+#define UPB_DECODER_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace upb {
+namespace pb {
+class CodeCache;
+class DecoderPtr;
+class DecoderMethodPtr;
+class DecoderMethodOptions;
+}  /* namespace pb */
+}  /* namespace upb */
+#endif
+
+/* The maximum number of bytes we are required to buffer internally between
+ * calls to the decoder.  The value is 14: a 5 byte unknown tag plus ten-byte
+ * varint, less one because we are buffering an incomplete value.
+ *
+ * Should only be used by unit tests. */
+#define UPB_DECODER_MAX_RESIDUAL_BYTES 14
+
+/* upb_pbdecodermethod ********************************************************/
+
+struct upb_pbdecodermethod;
+typedef struct upb_pbdecodermethod upb_pbdecodermethod;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+const upb_handlers *upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(
+    const upb_pbdecodermethod *m);
+const upb_byteshandler *upb_pbdecodermethod_inputhandler(
+    const upb_pbdecodermethod *m);
+bool upb_pbdecodermethod_isnative(const upb_pbdecodermethod *m);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* Represents the code to parse a protobuf according to a destination
+ * Handlers. */
+class upb::pb::DecoderMethodPtr {
+ public:
+  DecoderMethodPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  DecoderMethodPtr(const upb_pbdecodermethod* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_pbdecodermethod* ptr() { return ptr_; }
+
+  /* The destination handlers that are statically bound to this method.
+   * This method is only capable of outputting to a sink that uses these
+   * handlers. */
+  const Handlers *dest_handlers() const {
+    return upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(ptr_);
+  }
+
+  /* The input handlers for this decoder method. */
+  const BytesHandler* input_handler() const {
+    return upb_pbdecodermethod_inputhandler(ptr_);
+  }
+
+  /* Whether this method is native. */
+  bool is_native() const {
+    return upb_pbdecodermethod_isnative(ptr_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const upb_pbdecodermethod* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif
+
+/* upb_pbdecoder **************************************************************/
+
+/* Preallocation hint: decoder won't allocate more bytes than this when first
+ * constructed.  This hint may be an overestimate for some build configurations.
+ * But if the decoder library is upgraded without recompiling the application,
+ * it may be an underestimate. */
+#define UPB_PB_DECODER_SIZE 4416
+
+struct upb_pbdecoder;
+typedef struct upb_pbdecoder upb_pbdecoder;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+upb_pbdecoder *upb_pbdecoder_create(upb_arena *arena,
+                                    const upb_pbdecodermethod *method,
+                                    upb_sink output, upb_status *status);
+const upb_pbdecodermethod *upb_pbdecoder_method(const upb_pbdecoder *d);
+upb_bytessink upb_pbdecoder_input(upb_pbdecoder *d);
+uint64_t upb_pbdecoder_bytesparsed(const upb_pbdecoder *d);
+size_t upb_pbdecoder_maxnesting(const upb_pbdecoder *d);
+bool upb_pbdecoder_setmaxnesting(upb_pbdecoder *d, size_t max);
+void upb_pbdecoder_reset(upb_pbdecoder *d);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* A Decoder receives binary protobuf data on its input sink and pushes the
+ * decoded data to its output sink. */
+class upb::pb::DecoderPtr {
+ public:
+  DecoderPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  DecoderPtr(upb_pbdecoder* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  upb_pbdecoder* ptr() { return ptr_; }
+
+  /* Constructs a decoder instance for the given method, which must outlive this
+   * decoder.  Any errors during parsing will be set on the given status, which
+   * must also outlive this decoder.
+   *
+   * The sink must match the given method. */
+  static DecoderPtr Create(Arena *arena, DecoderMethodPtr method,
+                           upb::Sink output, Status *status) {
+    return DecoderPtr(upb_pbdecoder_create(arena->ptr(), method.ptr(),
+                                           output.sink(), status->ptr()));
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the DecoderMethod this decoder is parsing from. */
+  const DecoderMethodPtr method() const {
+    return DecoderMethodPtr(upb_pbdecoder_method(ptr_));
+  }
+
+  /* The sink on which this decoder receives input. */
+  BytesSink input() { return BytesSink(upb_pbdecoder_input(ptr())); }
+
+  /* Returns number of bytes successfully parsed.
+   *
+   * This can be useful for determining the stream position where an error
+   * occurred.
+   *
+   * This value may not be up-to-date when called from inside a parsing
+   * callback. */
+  uint64_t BytesParsed() { return upb_pbdecoder_bytesparsed(ptr()); }
+
+  /* Gets/sets the parsing nexting limit.  If the total number of nested
+   * submessages and repeated fields hits this limit, parsing will fail.  This
+   * is a resource limit that controls the amount of memory used by the parsing
+   * stack.
+   *
+   * Setting the limit will fail if the parser is currently suspended at a depth
+   * greater than this, or if memory allocation of the stack fails. */
+  size_t max_nesting() { return upb_pbdecoder_maxnesting(ptr()); }
+  bool set_max_nesting(size_t max) { return upb_pbdecoder_maxnesting(ptr()); }
+
+  void Reset() { upb_pbdecoder_reset(ptr()); }
+
+  static const size_t kSize = UPB_PB_DECODER_SIZE;
+
+ private:
+  upb_pbdecoder *ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_pbcodecache ************************************************************/
+
+/* Lazily builds and caches decoder methods that will push data to the given
+ * handlers.  The destination handlercache must outlive this object. */
+
+struct upb_pbcodecache;
+typedef struct upb_pbcodecache upb_pbcodecache;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+upb_pbcodecache *upb_pbcodecache_new(upb_handlercache *dest);
+void upb_pbcodecache_free(upb_pbcodecache *c);
+bool upb_pbcodecache_allowjit(const upb_pbcodecache *c);
+void upb_pbcodecache_setallowjit(upb_pbcodecache *c, bool allow);
+void upb_pbcodecache_setlazy(upb_pbcodecache *c, bool lazy);
+const upb_pbdecodermethod *upb_pbcodecache_get(upb_pbcodecache *c,
+                                               const upb_msgdef *md);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* A class for caching protobuf processing code, whether bytecode for the
+ * interpreted decoder or machine code for the JIT.
+ *
+ * This class is not thread-safe. */
+class upb::pb::CodeCache {
+ public:
+  CodeCache(upb::HandlerCache *dest)
+      : ptr_(upb_pbcodecache_new(dest->ptr()), upb_pbcodecache_free) {}
+  CodeCache(CodeCache&&) = default;
+  CodeCache& operator=(CodeCache&&) = default;
+
+  upb_pbcodecache* ptr() { return ptr_.get(); }
+  const upb_pbcodecache* ptr() const { return ptr_.get(); }
+
+  /* Whether the cache is allowed to generate machine code.  Defaults to true.
+   * There is no real reason to turn it off except for testing or if you are
+   * having a specific problem with the JIT.
+   *
+   * Note that allow_jit = true does not *guarantee* that the code will be JIT
+   * compiled.  If this platform is not supported or the JIT was not compiled
+   * in, the code may still be interpreted. */
+  bool allow_jit() const { return upb_pbcodecache_allowjit(ptr()); }
+
+  /* This may only be called when the object is first constructed, and prior to
+   * any code generation. */
+  void set_allow_jit(bool allow) { upb_pbcodecache_setallowjit(ptr(), allow); }
+
+  /* Should the decoder push submessages to lazy handlers for fields that have
+   * them?  The caller should set this iff the lazy handlers expect data that is
+   * in protobuf binary format and the caller wishes to lazy parse it. */
+  void set_lazy(bool lazy) { upb_pbcodecache_setlazy(ptr(), lazy); }
+
+  /* Returns a DecoderMethod that can push data to the given handlers.
+   * If a suitable method already exists, it will be returned from the cache. */
+  const DecoderMethodPtr Get(MessageDefPtr md) {
+    return DecoderMethodPtr(upb_pbcodecache_get(ptr(), md.ptr()));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<upb_pbcodecache, decltype(&upb_pbcodecache_free)> ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+#endif  /* UPB_DECODER_H_ */
+
+
+/* Opcode definitions.  The canonical meaning of each opcode is its
+ * implementation in the interpreter (the JIT is written to match this).
+ *
+ * All instructions have the opcode in the low byte.
+ * Instruction format for most instructions is:
+ *
+ * +-------------------+--------+
+ * |     arg (24)      | op (8) |
+ * +-------------------+--------+
+ *
+ * Exceptions are indicated below.  A few opcodes are multi-word. */
+typedef enum {
+  /* Opcodes 1-8, 13, 15-18 parse their respective descriptor types.
+   * Arg for all of these is the upb selector for this field. */
+#define T(type) OP_PARSE_ ## type = UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ ## type
+  T(DOUBLE), T(FLOAT), T(INT64), T(UINT64), T(INT32), T(FIXED64), T(FIXED32),
+  T(BOOL), T(UINT32), T(SFIXED32), T(SFIXED64), T(SINT32), T(SINT64),
+#undef T
+  OP_STARTMSG       = 9,   /* No arg. */
+  OP_ENDMSG         = 10,  /* No arg. */
+  OP_STARTSEQ       = 11,
+  OP_ENDSEQ         = 12,
+  OP_STARTSUBMSG    = 14,
+  OP_ENDSUBMSG      = 19,
+  OP_STARTSTR       = 20,
+  OP_STRING         = 21,
+  OP_ENDSTR         = 22,
+
+  OP_PUSHTAGDELIM   = 23,  /* No arg. */
+  OP_PUSHLENDELIM   = 24,  /* No arg. */
+  OP_POP            = 25,  /* No arg. */
+  OP_SETDELIM       = 26,  /* No arg. */
+  OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM = 27,  /* two words:
+                            *   | unused (24)     | opc (8) |
+                            *   |        groupnum (32)      | */
+  OP_CHECKDELIM     = 28,
+  OP_CALL           = 29,
+  OP_RET            = 30,
+  OP_BRANCH         = 31,
+
+  /* Different opcodes depending on how many bytes expected. */
+  OP_TAG1           = 32,  /* | match tag (16) | jump target (8) | opc (8) | */
+  OP_TAG2           = 33,  /* | match tag (16) | jump target (8) | opc (8) | */
+  OP_TAGN           = 34,  /* three words: */
+                           /*   | unused (16) | jump target(8) | opc (8) | */
+                           /*   |           match tag 1 (32)             | */
+                           /*   |           match tag 2 (32)             | */
+
+  OP_SETDISPATCH    = 35,  /* N words: */
+                           /*   | unused (24)         | opc | */
+                           /*   | upb_inttable* (32 or 64)  | */
+
+  OP_DISPATCH       = 36,  /* No arg. */
+
+  OP_HALT           = 37   /* No arg. */
+} opcode;
+
+#define OP_MAX OP_HALT
+
+UPB_INLINE opcode getop(uint32_t instr) { return (opcode)(instr & 0xff); }
+
+struct upb_pbcodecache {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+  upb_handlercache *dest;
+  bool allow_jit;
+  bool lazy;
+
+  /* Map of upb_msgdef -> mgroup. */
+  upb_inttable groups;
+};
+
+/* Method group; represents a set of decoder methods that had their code
+ * emitted together.  Immutable once created.  */
+typedef struct {
+  /* Maps upb_msgdef/upb_handlers -> upb_pbdecodermethod.  Owned by us.
+   *
+   * Ideally this would be on pbcodecache (if we were actually caching code).
+   * Right now we don't actually cache anything, which is wasteful. */
+  upb_inttable methods;
+
+  /* The bytecode for our methods, if any exists.  Owned by us. */
+  uint32_t *bytecode;
+  uint32_t *bytecode_end;
+} mgroup;
+
+/* The maximum that any submessages can be nested.  Matches proto2's limit.
+ * This specifies the size of the decoder's statically-sized array and therefore
+ * setting it high will cause the upb::pb::Decoder object to be larger.
+ *
+ * If necessary we can add a runtime-settable property to Decoder that allow
+ * this to be larger than the compile-time setting, but this would add
+ * complexity, particularly since we would have to decide how/if to give users
+ * the ability to set a custom memory allocation function. */
+#define UPB_DECODER_MAX_NESTING 64
+
+/* Internal-only struct used by the decoder. */
+typedef struct {
+  /* Space optimization note: we store two pointers here that the JIT
+   * doesn't need at all; the upb_handlers* inside the sink and
+   * the dispatch table pointer.  We can optimze so that the JIT uses
+   * smaller stack frames than the interpreter.  The only thing we need
+   * to guarantee is that the fallback routines can find end_ofs. */
+  upb_sink sink;
+
+  /* The absolute stream offset of the end-of-frame delimiter.
+   * Non-delimited frames (groups and non-packed repeated fields) reuse the
+   * delimiter of their parent, even though the frame may not end there.
+   *
+   * NOTE: the JIT stores a slightly different value here for non-top frames.
+   * It stores the value relative to the end of the enclosed message.  But the
+   * top frame is still stored the same way, which is important for ensuring
+   * that calls from the JIT into C work correctly. */
+  uint64_t end_ofs;
+  const uint32_t *base;
+
+  /* 0 indicates a length-delimited field.
+   * A positive number indicates a known group.
+   * A negative number indicates an unknown group. */
+  int32_t groupnum;
+  upb_inttable *dispatch;  /* Not used by the JIT. */
+} upb_pbdecoder_frame;
+
+struct upb_pbdecodermethod {
+  /* While compiling, the base is relative in "ofs", after compiling it is
+   * absolute in "ptr". */
+  union {
+    uint32_t ofs;     /* PC offset of method. */
+    void *ptr;        /* Pointer to bytecode or machine code for this method. */
+  } code_base;
+
+  /* The decoder method group to which this method belongs. */
+  const mgroup *group;
+
+  /* Whether this method is native code or bytecode. */
+  bool is_native_;
+
+  /* The handler one calls to invoke this method. */
+  upb_byteshandler input_handler_;
+
+  /* The destination handlers this method is bound to.  We own a ref. */
+  const upb_handlers *dest_handlers_;
+
+  /* Dispatch table -- used by both bytecode decoder and JIT when encountering a
+   * field number that wasn't the one we were expecting to see.  See
+   * decoder.int.h for the layout of this table. */
+  upb_inttable dispatch;
+};
+
+struct upb_pbdecoder {
+  upb_arena *arena;
+
+  /* Our input sink. */
+  upb_bytessink input_;
+
+  /* The decoder method we are parsing with (owned). */
+  const upb_pbdecodermethod *method_;
+
+  size_t call_len;
+  const uint32_t *pc, *last;
+
+  /* Current input buffer and its stream offset. */
+  const char *buf, *ptr, *end, *checkpoint;
+
+  /* End of the delimited region, relative to ptr, NULL if not in this buf. */
+  const char *delim_end;
+
+  /* End of the delimited region, relative to ptr, end if not in this buf. */
+  const char *data_end;
+
+  /* Overall stream offset of "buf." */
+  uint64_t bufstart_ofs;
+
+  /* Buffer for residual bytes not parsed from the previous buffer. */
+  char residual[UPB_DECODER_MAX_RESIDUAL_BYTES];
+  char *residual_end;
+
+  /* Bytes of data that should be discarded from the input beore we start
+   * parsing again.  We set this when we internally determine that we can
+   * safely skip the next N bytes, but this region extends past the current
+   * user buffer. */
+  size_t skip;
+
+  /* Stores the user buffer passed to our decode function. */
+  const char *buf_param;
+  size_t size_param;
+  const upb_bufhandle *handle;
+
+  /* Our internal stack. */
+  upb_pbdecoder_frame *stack, *top, *limit;
+  const uint32_t **callstack;
+  size_t stack_size;
+
+  upb_status *status;
+};
+
+/* Decoder entry points; used as handlers. */
+void *upb_pbdecoder_startbc(void *closure, const void *pc, size_t size_hint);
+size_t upb_pbdecoder_decode(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf,
+                            size_t size, const upb_bufhandle *handle);
+bool upb_pbdecoder_end(void *closure, const void *handler_data);
+
+/* Decoder-internal functions that the JIT calls to handle fallback paths. */
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_resume(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *p, const char *buf,
+                             size_t size, const upb_bufhandle *handle);
+size_t upb_pbdecoder_suspend(upb_pbdecoder *d);
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_skipunknown(upb_pbdecoder *d, int32_t fieldnum,
+                                  uint8_t wire_type);
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_checktag_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t expected);
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_varint_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t *u64);
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_f32(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint32_t *u32);
+int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_f64(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t *u64);
+void upb_pbdecoder_seterr(upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *msg);
+
+/* Error messages that are shared between the bytecode and JIT decoders. */
+extern const char *kPbDecoderStackOverflow;
+extern const char *kPbDecoderSubmessageTooLong;
+
+/* Access to decoderplan members needed by the decoder. */
+const char *upb_pbdecoder_getopname(unsigned int op);
+
+/* A special label that means "do field dispatch for this message and branch to
+ * wherever that takes you." */
+#define LABEL_DISPATCH 0
+
+/* A special slot in the dispatch table that stores the epilogue (ENDMSG and/or
+ * RET) for branching to when we find an appropriate ENDGROUP tag. */
+#define DISPATCH_ENDMSG 0
+
+/* It's important to use this invalid wire type instead of 0 (which is a valid
+ * wire type). */
+#define NO_WIRE_TYPE 0xff
+
+/* The dispatch table layout is:
+ *   [field number] -> [ 48-bit offset ][ 8-bit wt2 ][ 8-bit wt1 ]
+ *
+ * If wt1 matches, jump to the 48-bit offset.  If wt2 matches, lookup
+ * (UPB_MAX_FIELDNUMBER + fieldnum) and jump there.
+ *
+ * We need two wire types because of packed/non-packed compatibility.  A
+ * primitive repeated field can use either wire type and be valid.  While we
+ * could key the table on fieldnum+wiretype, the table would be 8x sparser.
+ *
+ * Storing two wire types in the primary value allows us to quickly rule out
+ * the second wire type without needing to do a separate lookup (this case is
+ * less common than an unknown field). */
+UPB_INLINE uint64_t upb_pbdecoder_packdispatch(uint64_t ofs, uint8_t wt1,
+                                               uint8_t wt2) {
+  return (ofs << 16) | (wt2 << 8) | wt1;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE void upb_pbdecoder_unpackdispatch(uint64_t dispatch, uint64_t *ofs,
+                                             uint8_t *wt1, uint8_t *wt2) {
+  *wt1 = (uint8_t)dispatch;
+  *wt2 = (uint8_t)(dispatch >> 8);
+  *ofs = dispatch >> 16;
+}
+
+/* All of the functions in decoder.c that return int32_t return values according
+ * to the following scheme:
+ *   1. negative values indicate a return code from the following list.
+ *   2. positive values indicate that error or end of buffer was hit, and
+ *      that the decode function should immediately return the given value
+ *      (the decoder state has already been suspended and is ready to be
+ *      resumed). */
+#define DECODE_OK -1
+#define DECODE_MISMATCH -2  /* Used only from checktag_slow(). */
+#define DECODE_ENDGROUP -3  /* Used only from checkunknown(). */
+
+#define CHECK_RETURN(x) { int32_t ret = x; if (ret >= 0) return ret; }
+
+
+#endif  /* UPB_DECODER_INT_H_ */
+/*
+** A number of routines for varint manipulation (we keep them all around to
+** have multiple approaches available for benchmarking).
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_VARINT_DECODER_H_
+#define UPB_VARINT_DECODER_H_
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define UPB_MAX_WIRE_TYPE 5
+
+/* The maximum number of bytes that it takes to encode a 64-bit varint. */
+#define UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN 10
+
+/* Array of the "native" (ie. non-packed-repeated) wire type for the given a
+ * descriptor type (upb_descriptortype_t). */
+extern const uint8_t upb_pb_native_wire_types[];
+
+UPB_INLINE uint64_t byteswap64(uint64_t val)
+{
+  return ((((val) & 0xff00000000000000ull) >> 56)
+    | (((val) & 0x00ff000000000000ull) >> 40)
+    | (((val) & 0x0000ff0000000000ull) >> 24)
+    | (((val) & 0x000000ff00000000ull) >> 8)
+    | (((val) & 0x00000000ff000000ull) << 8)
+    | (((val) & 0x0000000000ff0000ull) << 24)
+    | (((val) & 0x000000000000ff00ull) << 40)
+    | (((val) & 0x00000000000000ffull) << 56));
+}
+
+/* Zig-zag encoding/decoding **************************************************/
+
+UPB_INLINE int32_t upb_zzdec_32(uint32_t n) {
+  return (n >> 1) ^ -(int32_t)(n & 1);
+}
+UPB_INLINE int64_t upb_zzdec_64(uint64_t n) {
+  return (n >> 1) ^ -(int64_t)(n & 1);
+}
+UPB_INLINE uint32_t upb_zzenc_32(int32_t n) {
+  return ((uint32_t)n << 1) ^ (n >> 31);
+}
+UPB_INLINE uint64_t upb_zzenc_64(int64_t n) {
+  return ((uint64_t)n << 1) ^ (n >> 63);
+}
+
+/* Decoding *******************************************************************/
+
+/* All decoding functions return this struct by value. */
+typedef struct {
+  const char *p;  /* NULL if the varint was unterminated. */
+  uint64_t val;
+} upb_decoderet;
+
+UPB_INLINE upb_decoderet upb_decoderet_make(const char *p, uint64_t val) {
+  upb_decoderet ret;
+  ret.p = p;
+  ret.val = val;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_max8_branch32(upb_decoderet r);
+upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_max8_branch64(upb_decoderet r);
+
+/* Template for a function that checks the first two bytes with branching
+ * and dispatches 2-10 bytes with a separate function.  Note that this may read
+ * up to 10 bytes, so it must not be used unless there are at least ten bytes
+ * left in the buffer! */
+#define UPB_VARINT_DECODER_CHECK2(name, decode_max8_function)                  \
+UPB_INLINE upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_check2_ ## name(const char *_p) {         \
+  uint8_t *p = (uint8_t*)_p;                                                   \
+  upb_decoderet r;                                                             \
+  if ((*p & 0x80) == 0) {                                                      \
+  /* Common case: one-byte varint. */                                          \
+    return upb_decoderet_make(_p + 1, *p & 0x7fU);                             \
+  }                                                                            \
+  r = upb_decoderet_make(_p + 2, (*p & 0x7fU) | ((*(p + 1) & 0x7fU) << 7));    \
+  if ((*(p + 1) & 0x80) == 0) {                                                \
+    /* Two-byte varint. */                                                     \
+    return r;                                                                  \
+  }                                                                            \
+  /* Longer varint, fallback to out-of-line function. */                       \
+  return decode_max8_function(r);                                              \
+}
+
+UPB_VARINT_DECODER_CHECK2(branch32, upb_vdecode_max8_branch32)
+UPB_VARINT_DECODER_CHECK2(branch64, upb_vdecode_max8_branch64)
+#undef UPB_VARINT_DECODER_CHECK2
+
+/* Our canonical functions for decoding varints, based on the currently
+ * favored best-performing implementations. */
+UPB_INLINE upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_fast(const char *p) {
+  if (sizeof(long) == 8)
+    return upb_vdecode_check2_branch64(p);
+  else
+    return upb_vdecode_check2_branch32(p);
+}
+
+
+/* Encoding *******************************************************************/
+
+UPB_INLINE int upb_value_size(uint64_t val) {
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  int high_bit = 63 - __builtin_clzll(val);  /* 0-based, undef if val == 0. */
+#else
+  int high_bit = 0;
+  uint64_t tmp = val;
+  while(tmp >>= 1) high_bit++;
+#endif
+  return val == 0 ? 1 : high_bit / 8 + 1;
+}
+
+/* Encodes a 64-bit varint into buf (which must be >=UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN
+ * bytes long), returning how many bytes were used.
+ *
+ * TODO: benchmark and optimize if necessary. */
+UPB_INLINE size_t upb_vencode64(uint64_t val, char *buf) {
+  size_t i;
+  if (val == 0) { buf[0] = 0; return 1; }
+  i = 0;
+  while (val) {
+    uint8_t byte = val & 0x7fU;
+    val >>= 7;
+    if (val) byte |= 0x80U;
+    buf[i++] = byte;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+UPB_INLINE size_t upb_varint_size(uint64_t val) {
+  char buf[UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN];
+  return upb_vencode64(val, buf);
+}
+
+/* Encodes a 32-bit varint, *not* sign-extended. */
+UPB_INLINE uint64_t upb_vencode32(uint32_t val) {
+  char buf[UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN];
+  size_t bytes = upb_vencode64(val, buf);
+  uint64_t ret = 0;
+  UPB_ASSERT(bytes <= 5);
+  memcpy(&ret, buf, bytes);
+#ifdef UPB_BIG_ENDIAN
+  ret = byteswap64(ret);
+#endif
+  UPB_ASSERT(ret <= 0xffffffffffU);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+
+#endif  /* UPB_VARINT_DECODER_H_ */
+/*
+** upb::pb::Encoder (upb_pb_encoder)
+**
+** Implements a set of upb_handlers that write protobuf data to the binary wire
+** format.
+**
+** This encoder implementation does not have any access to any out-of-band or
+** precomputed lengths for submessages, so it must buffer submessages internally
+** before it can emit the first byte.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_ENCODER_H_
+#define UPB_ENCODER_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace upb {
+namespace pb {
+class EncoderPtr;
+}  /* namespace pb */
+}  /* namespace upb */
+#endif
+
+#define UPB_PBENCODER_MAX_NESTING 100
+
+/* upb_pb_encoder *************************************************************/
+
+/* Preallocation hint: decoder won't allocate more bytes than this when first
+ * constructed.  This hint may be an overestimate for some build configurations.
+ * But if the decoder library is upgraded without recompiling the application,
+ * it may be an underestimate. */
+#define UPB_PB_ENCODER_SIZE 784
+
+struct upb_pb_encoder;
+typedef struct upb_pb_encoder upb_pb_encoder;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+upb_sink upb_pb_encoder_input(upb_pb_encoder *p);
+upb_pb_encoder* upb_pb_encoder_create(upb_arena* a, const upb_handlers* h,
+                                      upb_bytessink output);
+
+/* Lazily builds and caches handlers that will push encoded data to a bytessink.
+ * Any msgdef objects used with this object must outlive it. */
+upb_handlercache *upb_pb_encoder_newcache(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" { */
+
+class upb::pb::EncoderPtr {
+ public:
+  EncoderPtr(upb_pb_encoder* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  upb_pb_encoder* ptr() { return ptr_; }
+
+  /* Creates a new encoder in the given environment.  The Handlers must have
+   * come from NewHandlers() below. */
+  static EncoderPtr Create(Arena* arena, const Handlers* handlers,
+                           BytesSink output) {
+    return EncoderPtr(
+        upb_pb_encoder_create(arena->ptr(), handlers, output.sink()));
+  }
+
+  /* The input to the encoder. */
+  upb::Sink input() { return upb_pb_encoder_input(ptr()); }
+
+  /* Creates a new set of handlers for this MessageDef. */
+  static HandlerCache NewCache() {
+    return HandlerCache(upb_pb_encoder_newcache());
+  }
+
+  static const size_t kSize = UPB_PB_ENCODER_SIZE;
+
+ private:
+  upb_pb_encoder* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+#endif  /* UPB_ENCODER_H_ */
+/*
+** upb::pb::TextPrinter (upb_textprinter)
+**
+** Handlers for writing to protobuf text format.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_TEXT_H_
+#define UPB_TEXT_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace upb {
+namespace pb {
+class TextPrinterPtr;
+}  /* namespace pb */
+}  /* namespace upb */
+#endif
+
+/* upb_textprinter ************************************************************/
+
+struct upb_textprinter;
+typedef struct upb_textprinter upb_textprinter;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* C API. */
+upb_textprinter *upb_textprinter_create(upb_arena *arena, const upb_handlers *h,
+                                        upb_bytessink output);
+void upb_textprinter_setsingleline(upb_textprinter *p, bool single_line);
+upb_sink upb_textprinter_input(upb_textprinter *p);
+upb_handlercache *upb_textprinter_newcache(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+class upb::pb::TextPrinterPtr {
+ public:
+  TextPrinterPtr(upb_textprinter* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  /* The given handlers must have come from NewHandlers().  It must outlive the
+   * TextPrinter. */
+  static TextPrinterPtr Create(Arena *arena, upb::HandlersPtr *handlers,
+                               BytesSink output) {
+    return TextPrinterPtr(
+        upb_textprinter_create(arena->ptr(), handlers->ptr(), output.sink()));
+  }
+
+  void SetSingleLineMode(bool single_line) {
+    upb_textprinter_setsingleline(ptr_, single_line);
+  }
+
+  Sink input() { return upb_textprinter_input(ptr_); }
+
+  /* If handler caching becomes a requirement we can add a code cache as in
+   * decoder.h */
+  static HandlerCache NewCache() {
+    return HandlerCache(upb_textprinter_newcache());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  upb_textprinter* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* UPB_TEXT_H_ */
+/*
+** upb::json::Parser (upb_json_parser)
+**
+** Parses JSON according to a specific schema.
+** Support for parsing arbitrary JSON (schema-less) will be added later.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_JSON_PARSER_H_
+#define UPB_JSON_PARSER_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace upb {
+namespace json {
+class CodeCache;
+class ParserPtr;
+class ParserMethodPtr;
+}  /* namespace json */
+}  /* namespace upb */
+#endif
+
+/* upb_json_parsermethod ******************************************************/
+
+struct upb_json_parsermethod;
+typedef struct upb_json_parsermethod upb_json_parsermethod;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+const upb_byteshandler* upb_json_parsermethod_inputhandler(
+    const upb_json_parsermethod* m);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+class upb::json::ParserMethodPtr {
+ public:
+  ParserMethodPtr() : ptr_(nullptr) {}
+  ParserMethodPtr(const upb_json_parsermethod* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  const upb_json_parsermethod* ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+
+  const BytesHandler* input_handler() const {
+    return upb_json_parsermethod_inputhandler(ptr());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const upb_json_parsermethod* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_json_parser ************************************************************/
+
+/* Preallocation hint: parser won't allocate more bytes than this when first
+ * constructed.  This hint may be an overestimate for some build configurations.
+ * But if the parser library is upgraded without recompiling the application,
+ * it may be an underestimate. */
+#define UPB_JSON_PARSER_SIZE 5712
+
+struct upb_json_parser;
+typedef struct upb_json_parser upb_json_parser;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+upb_json_parser* upb_json_parser_create(upb_arena* a,
+                                        const upb_json_parsermethod* m,
+                                        const upb_symtab* symtab,
+                                        upb_sink output,
+                                        upb_status *status,
+                                        bool ignore_json_unknown);
+upb_bytessink upb_json_parser_input(upb_json_parser* p);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* Parses an incoming BytesStream, pushing the results to the destination
+ * sink. */
+class upb::json::ParserPtr {
+ public:
+  ParserPtr(upb_json_parser* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  static ParserPtr Create(Arena* arena, ParserMethodPtr method,
+                          SymbolTable* symtab, Sink output, Status* status,
+                          bool ignore_json_unknown) {
+    upb_symtab* symtab_ptr = symtab ? symtab->ptr() : nullptr;
+    return ParserPtr(upb_json_parser_create(
+        arena->ptr(), method.ptr(), symtab_ptr, output.sink(), status->ptr(),
+        ignore_json_unknown));
+  }
+
+  BytesSink input() { return upb_json_parser_input(ptr_); }
+
+ private:
+  upb_json_parser* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* upb_json_codecache *********************************************************/
+
+/* Lazily builds and caches decoder methods that will push data to the given
+ * handlers.  The upb_symtab object(s) must outlive this object. */
+
+struct upb_json_codecache;
+typedef struct upb_json_codecache upb_json_codecache;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+upb_json_codecache *upb_json_codecache_new(void);
+void upb_json_codecache_free(upb_json_codecache *cache);
+const upb_json_parsermethod* upb_json_codecache_get(upb_json_codecache* cache,
+                                                    const upb_msgdef* md);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+class upb::json::CodeCache {
+ public:
+  CodeCache() : ptr_(upb_json_codecache_new(), upb_json_codecache_free) {}
+
+  /* Returns a DecoderMethod that can push data to the given handlers.
+   * If a suitable method already exists, it will be returned from the cache. */
+  ParserMethodPtr Get(MessageDefPtr md) {
+    return upb_json_codecache_get(ptr_.get(), md.ptr());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<upb_json_codecache, decltype(&upb_json_codecache_free)> ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* UPB_JSON_PARSER_H_ */
+/*
+** upb::json::Printer
+**
+** Handlers that emit JSON according to a specific protobuf schema.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UPB_JSON_TYPED_PRINTER_H_
+#define UPB_JSON_TYPED_PRINTER_H_
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace upb {
+namespace json {
+class PrinterPtr;
+}  /* namespace json */
+}  /* namespace upb */
+#endif
+
+/* upb_json_printer ***********************************************************/
+
+#define UPB_JSON_PRINTER_SIZE 192
+
+struct upb_json_printer;
+typedef struct upb_json_printer upb_json_printer;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Native C API. */
+upb_json_printer *upb_json_printer_create(upb_arena *a, const upb_handlers *h,
+                                          upb_bytessink output);
+upb_sink upb_json_printer_input(upb_json_printer *p);
+const upb_handlers *upb_json_printer_newhandlers(const upb_msgdef *md,
+                                                 bool preserve_fieldnames,
+                                                 const void *owner);
+
+/* Lazily builds and caches handlers that will push encoded data to a bytessink.
+ * Any msgdef objects used with this object must outlive it. */
+upb_handlercache *upb_json_printer_newcache(bool preserve_proto_fieldnames);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  /* extern "C" */
+
+/* Prints an incoming stream of data to a BytesSink in JSON format. */
+class upb::json::PrinterPtr {
+ public:
+  PrinterPtr(upb_json_printer* ptr) : ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  static PrinterPtr Create(Arena *arena, const upb::Handlers *handlers,
+                           BytesSink output) {
+    return PrinterPtr(
+        upb_json_printer_create(arena->ptr(), handlers, output.sink()));
+  }
+
+  /* The input to the printer. */
+  Sink input() { return upb_json_printer_input(ptr_); }
+
+  static const size_t kSize = UPB_JSON_PRINTER_SIZE;
+
+  static HandlerCache NewCache(bool preserve_proto_fieldnames) {
+    return upb_json_printer_newcache(preserve_proto_fieldnames);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  upb_json_printer* ptr_;
+};
+
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+#endif  /* UPB_JSON_TYPED_PRINTER_H_ */
+/* See port_def.inc.  This should #undef all macros #defined there. */
+
+#undef UPB_SIZE
+#undef UPB_FIELD_AT
+#undef UPB_READ_ONEOF
+#undef UPB_WRITE_ONEOF
+#undef UPB_INLINE
+#undef UPB_FORCEINLINE
+#undef UPB_NOINLINE
+#undef UPB_NORETURN
+#undef UPB_MAX
+#undef UPB_MIN
+#undef UPB_UNUSED
+#undef UPB_ASSERT
+#undef UPB_ASSERT_DEBUGVAR
+#undef UPB_UNREACHABLE
+#undef UPB_INFINITY
+#undef UPB_MSVC_VSNPRINTF
+#undef _upb_snprintf
+#undef _upb_vsnprintf
+#undef _upb_va_copy
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/wrap_memcpy.c b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/wrap_memcpy.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18c036780
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/wrap_memcpy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2017 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+// On x86-64 Linux with glibc, we link against the 2.2.5 version of memcpy so
+// that we avoid depending on the 2.14 version of the symbol. This way,
+// distributions that are using pre-2.14 versions of glibc can successfully use
+// the gem we distribute (https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/2783).
+//
+// This wrapper is enabled by passing the linker flags -Wl,-wrap,memcpy in
+// extconf.rb.
+#ifdef __linux__
+#if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__)
+__asm__(".symver memcpy,memcpy@GLIBC_2.2.5");
+void *__wrap_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n) {
+    return memcpy(dest, src, n);
+}
+#else
+void *__wrap_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n) {
+    return memmove(dest, src, n);
+}
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/google-protobuf.gemspec b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/google-protobuf.gemspec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf60b6ae9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/google-protobuf.gemspec
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+Gem::Specification.new do |s|
+  s.name        = "google-protobuf"
+  s.version     = "3.11.4"
+  git_tag       = "v#{s.version.to_s.sub('.rc.', '-rc')}" # Converts X.Y.Z.rc.N to vX.Y.Z-rcN, used for the git tag
+  s.licenses    = ["BSD-3-Clause"]
+  s.summary     = "Protocol Buffers"
+  s.description = "Protocol Buffers are Google's data interchange format."
+  s.homepage    = "https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers"
+  s.authors     = ["Protobuf Authors"]
+  s.email       = "protobuf@googlegroups.com"
+  s.metadata    = { "source_code_uri" => "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/tree/#{git_tag}/ruby" }
+  s.require_paths = ["lib"]
+  s.files       = Dir.glob('lib/**/*.rb')
+  if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+    s.platform  = "java"
+    s.files     += ["lib/google/protobuf_java.jar"]
+  else
+    s.files     += Dir.glob('ext/**/*')
+    s.extensions= ["ext/google/protobuf_c/extconf.rb"]
+    s.add_development_dependency "rake-compiler-dock", "~> 0.6.0"
+  end
+  s.test_files  = ["tests/basic.rb",
+                  "tests/stress.rb",
+                  "tests/generated_code_test.rb"]
+  s.required_ruby_version = '>= 2.3'
+  s.add_development_dependency "rake-compiler", "~> 0.9.5"
+  s.add_development_dependency "test-unit", '~> 3.0', '>= 3.0.9'
+  s.add_development_dependency "rubygems-tasks", "~> 0.2.4"
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/pom.xml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..acd2453ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <parent>
+      <groupId>com.google</groupId>
+      <artifactId>google</artifactId>
+      <version>1</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <groupId>com.google.protobuf.jruby</groupId>
+    <artifactId>protobuf-jruby</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <name>Protocol Buffer JRuby native extension</name>
+    <description>
+      Protocol Buffers are a way of encoding structured data in an efficient yet
+      extensible format.
+    </description>
+    <inceptionYear>2014</inceptionYear>
+    <url>https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/</url>
+    <licenses>
+      <license>
+        <name>3-Clause BSD License</name>
+        <url>https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause</url>
+        <distribution>repo</distribution>
+      </license>
+    </licenses>
+    <scm>
+      <url>https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf</url>
+      <connection>
+        scm:git:https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf.git
+      </connection>
+    </scm>
+
+    <properties>
+        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+        <ruby.sources>lib/google</ruby.sources>
+        <jar.finalName>protobuf_java</jar.finalName>
+    </properties>
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+                <configuration>
+                    <finalName>${jar.finalName}</finalName>
+                    <outputDirectory>${ruby.sources}</outputDirectory>
+                    <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>
+                    <descriptorRefs>
+                        <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
+                    </descriptorRefs>
+                </configuration>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <id>make-assembly</id>
+                        <phase>package</phase>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>single</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin>
+            <plugin>
+              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+              <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+              <configuration>
+                <source>1.6</source>
+                <target>1.6</target>
+              </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
+            <version>2.4.3</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.jruby</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jruby-complete</artifactId>
+            <version>1.7.13</version>
+            <scope>provided</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
+            <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
+            <version>3.0.0</version>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+</project>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyBuilder.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyBuilder.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5addae58d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyBuilder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import org.jruby.*;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
+import org.jruby.runtime.*;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+
+@JRubyClass(name = "Builder")
+public class RubyBuilder extends RubyObject {
+    public static void createRubyBuilder(Ruby runtime) {
+        RubyModule protobuf = runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf");
+        RubyClass cBuilder = protobuf.defineClassUnder("Builder", runtime.getObject(), new ObjectAllocator() {
+            @Override
+            public IRubyObject allocate(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klazz) {
+                return new RubyBuilder(runtime, klazz);
+            }
+        });
+        cBuilder.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyBuilder.class);
+    }
+
+    public RubyBuilder(Ruby runtime, RubyClass metaClass) {
+        super(runtime, metaClass);
+        this.cDescriptor = (RubyClass) runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf::Descriptor");
+        this.cEnumDescriptor = (RubyClass) runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf::EnumDescriptor");
+        this.cMessageBuilderContext = (RubyClass) runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf::MessageBuilderContext");
+        this.cEnumBuilderContext = (RubyClass) runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf::EnumBuilderContext");
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Builder.new => builder
+     *
+     * Creates a new Builder. A Builder can accumulate a set of new message and enum
+     * descriptors and atomically register them into a pool in a way that allows for
+     * (co)recursive type references.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject initialize(ThreadContext context) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        this.pendingList = runtime.newArray();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Builder.add_message(name, &block)
+     *
+     * Creates a new, empty descriptor with the given name, and invokes the block in
+     * the context of a MessageBuilderContext on that descriptor. The block can then
+     * call, e.g., MessageBuilderContext#optional and MessageBuilderContext#repeated
+     * methods to define the message fields.
+     *
+     * This is the recommended, idiomatic way to build message definitions.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "add_message")
+    public IRubyObject addMessage(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject name, Block block) {
+        RubyDescriptor msgdef = (RubyDescriptor) cDescriptor.newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        IRubyObject ctx = cMessageBuilderContext.newInstance(context, msgdef, this, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        msgdef.setName(context, name);
+        if (block.isGiven()) {
+            if (block.arity() == Arity.ONE_ARGUMENT) {
+                block.yield(context, ctx);
+            } else {
+                Binding binding = block.getBinding();
+                binding.setSelf(ctx);
+                block.yieldSpecific(context);
+            }
+        }
+        this.pendingList.add(msgdef);
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Builder.add_enum(name, &block)
+     *
+     * Creates a new, empty enum descriptor with the given name, and invokes the block in
+     * the context of an EnumBuilderContext on that descriptor. The block can then
+     * call EnumBuilderContext#add_value to define the enum values.
+     *
+     * This is the recommended, idiomatic way to build enum definitions.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "add_enum")
+    public IRubyObject addEnum(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject name, Block block) {
+        RubyEnumDescriptor enumDef = (RubyEnumDescriptor) cEnumDescriptor.newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        IRubyObject ctx = cEnumBuilderContext.newInstance(context, enumDef, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        enumDef.setName(context, name);
+
+        if (block.isGiven()) {
+            if (block.arity() == Arity.ONE_ARGUMENT) {
+                block.yield(context, ctx);
+            } else {
+                Binding binding = block.getBinding();
+                binding.setSelf(ctx);
+                block.yieldSpecific(context);
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.pendingList.add(enumDef);
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Builder.finalize_to_pool(pool)
+     *
+     * Adds all accumulated message and enum descriptors created in this builder
+     * context to the given pool. The operation occurs atomically, and all
+     * descriptors can refer to each other (including in cycles). This is the only
+     * way to build (co)recursive message definitions.
+     *
+     * This method is usually called automatically by DescriptorPool#build after it
+     * invokes the given user block in the context of the builder. The user should
+     * not normally need to call this manually because a Builder is not normally
+     * created manually.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "finalize_to_pool")
+    public IRubyObject finalizeToPool(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject rbPool) {
+        RubyDescriptorPool pool = (RubyDescriptorPool) rbPool;
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.pendingList.size(); i++) {
+            IRubyObject defRb = this.pendingList.entry(i);
+            if (defRb instanceof RubyDescriptor) {
+                pool.addToSymtab(context, (RubyDescriptor) defRb);
+            } else {
+                pool.addToSymtab(context, (RubyEnumDescriptor) defRb);
+            }
+        }
+        this.pendingList = context.runtime.newArray();
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    protected RubyArray pendingList;
+    private RubyClass cDescriptor, cEnumDescriptor, cMessageBuilderContext, cEnumBuilderContext;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyDescriptor.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyDescriptor.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd9179b03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyDescriptor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
+import org.jruby.*;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
+import org.jruby.runtime.Block;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ObjectAllocator;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+
+@JRubyClass(name = "Descriptor", include = "Enumerable")
+public class RubyDescriptor extends RubyObject {
+    public static void createRubyDescriptor(Ruby runtime) {
+        RubyModule protobuf = runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf");
+        RubyClass cDescriptor = protobuf.defineClassUnder("Descriptor", runtime.getObject(), new ObjectAllocator() {
+            @Override
+            public IRubyObject allocate(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klazz) {
+                return new RubyDescriptor(runtime, klazz);
+            }
+        });
+        cDescriptor.includeModule(runtime.getEnumerable());
+        cDescriptor.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyDescriptor.class);
+    }
+
+    public RubyDescriptor(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klazz) {
+        super(runtime, klazz);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Descriptor.new => descriptor
+     *
+     * Creates a new, empty, message type descriptor. At a minimum, its name must be
+     * set before it is added to a pool. It cannot be used to create messages until
+     * it is added to a pool, after which it becomes immutable (as part of a
+     * finalization process).
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject initialize(ThreadContext context) {
+        this.builder = DescriptorProtos.DescriptorProto.newBuilder();
+        this.fieldDefMap = new HashMap<String, RubyFieldDescriptor>();
+        this.oneofDefs = new HashMap<IRubyObject, RubyOneofDescriptor>();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Descriptor.name => name
+     *
+     * Returns the name of this message type as a fully-qualfied string (e.g.,
+     * My.Package.MessageType).
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "name")
+    public IRubyObject getName(ThreadContext context) {
+        return this.name;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *    Descriptor.name = name
+     *
+     * Assigns a name to this message type. The descriptor must not have been added
+     * to a pool yet.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "name=")
+    public IRubyObject setName(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject name) {
+        this.name = name;
+        this.builder.setName(Utils.escapeIdentifier(this.name.asJavaString()));
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Descriptor.add_field(field) => nil
+     *
+     * Adds the given FieldDescriptor to this message type. The descriptor must not
+     * have been added to a pool yet. Raises an exception if a field with the same
+     * name or number already exists. Sub-type references (e.g. for fields of type
+     * message) are not resolved at this point.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "add_field")
+    public IRubyObject addField(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject obj) {
+        RubyFieldDescriptor fieldDef = (RubyFieldDescriptor) obj;
+        this.fieldDefMap.put(fieldDef.getName(context).asJavaString(), fieldDef);
+        this.builder.addField(fieldDef.build());
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Descriptor.lookup(name) => FieldDescriptor
+     *
+     * Returns the field descriptor for the field with the given name, if present,
+     * or nil if none.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject lookup(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject fieldName) {
+        return this.fieldDefMap.get(fieldName.asJavaString());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Descriptor.msgclass => message_klass
+     *
+     * Returns the Ruby class created for this message type. Valid only once the
+     * message type has been added to a pool.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject msgclass(ThreadContext context) {
+        if (this.klazz == null) {
+            this.klazz = buildClassFromDescriptor(context);
+        }
+        return this.klazz;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Descriptor.each(&block)
+     *
+     * Iterates over fields in this message type, yielding to the block on each one.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject each(ThreadContext context, Block block) {
+        for (Map.Entry<String, RubyFieldDescriptor> entry : fieldDefMap.entrySet()) {
+            block.yield(context, entry.getValue());
+        }
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Descriptor.add_oneof(oneof) => nil
+     *
+     * Adds the given OneofDescriptor to this message type. This descriptor must not
+     * have been added to a pool yet. Raises an exception if a oneof with the same
+     * name already exists, or if any of the oneof's fields' names or numbers
+     * conflict with an existing field in this message type. All fields in the oneof
+     * are added to the message descriptor. Sub-type references (e.g. for fields of
+     * type message) are not resolved at this point.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "add_oneof")
+    public IRubyObject addOneof(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject obj) {
+        RubyOneofDescriptor def = (RubyOneofDescriptor) obj;
+        builder.addOneofDecl(def.build(builder.getOneofDeclCount()));
+        for (RubyFieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor : def.getFields()) {
+            addField(context, fieldDescriptor);
+        }
+        oneofDefs.put(def.getName(context), def);
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Descriptor.each_oneof(&block) => nil
+     *
+     * Invokes the given block for each oneof in this message type, passing the
+     * corresponding OneofDescriptor.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "each_oneof")
+    public IRubyObject eachOneof(ThreadContext context, Block block) {
+        for (RubyOneofDescriptor oneofDescriptor : oneofDefs.values()) {
+            block.yieldSpecific(context, oneofDescriptor);
+        }
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Descriptor.lookup_oneof(name) => OneofDescriptor
+     *
+     * Returns the oneof descriptor for the oneof with the given name, if present,
+     * or nil if none.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "lookup_oneof")
+    public IRubyObject lookupOneof(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject name) {
+        if (name instanceof RubySymbol) {
+            name = ((RubySymbol) name).id2name();
+        }
+        return oneofDefs.containsKey(name) ? oneofDefs.get(name) : context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    public void setDescriptor(Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor) {
+        this.descriptor = descriptor;
+    }
+
+    public Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptor() {
+        return this.descriptor;
+    }
+
+    public DescriptorProtos.DescriptorProto.Builder getBuilder() {
+        return builder;
+    }
+
+    public void setMapEntry(boolean isMapEntry) {
+        this.builder.setOptions(DescriptorProtos.MessageOptions.newBuilder().setMapEntry(isMapEntry));
+    }
+
+    private RubyModule buildClassFromDescriptor(ThreadContext context) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+
+        ObjectAllocator allocator = new ObjectAllocator() {
+            @Override
+            public IRubyObject allocate(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klazz) {
+                return new RubyMessage(runtime, klazz, descriptor);
+            }
+        };
+
+        // rb_define_class_id
+        RubyClass klass = RubyClass.newClass(runtime, runtime.getObject());
+        klass.setAllocator(allocator);
+        klass.makeMetaClass(runtime.getObject().getMetaClass());
+        klass.inherit(runtime.getObject());
+        RubyModule messageExts = runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf::MessageExts");
+        klass.include(new IRubyObject[] {messageExts});
+        klass.instance_variable_set(runtime.newString(Utils.DESCRIPTOR_INSTANCE_VAR), this);
+        klass.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyMessage.class);
+        return klass;
+    }
+
+    protected RubyFieldDescriptor lookup(String fieldName) {
+        return fieldDefMap.get(Utils.unescapeIdentifier(fieldName));
+    }
+
+    private IRubyObject name;
+    private RubyModule klazz;
+
+    private DescriptorProtos.DescriptorProto.Builder builder;
+    private Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor;
+    private Map<String, RubyFieldDescriptor> fieldDefMap;
+    private Map<IRubyObject, RubyOneofDescriptor> oneofDefs;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyDescriptorPool.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyDescriptorPool.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0345cb991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyDescriptorPool.java
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
+import org.jruby.*;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
+import org.jruby.runtime.*;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@JRubyClass(name = "DescriptorPool")
+public class RubyDescriptorPool extends RubyObject {
+    public static void createRubyDescriptorPool(Ruby runtime) {
+        RubyModule protobuf = runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf");
+        RubyClass cDescriptorPool = protobuf.defineClassUnder("DescriptorPool", runtime.getObject(), new ObjectAllocator() {
+            @Override
+            public IRubyObject allocate(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klazz) {
+                return new RubyDescriptorPool(runtime, klazz);
+            }
+        });
+
+        cDescriptorPool.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyDescriptorPool.class);
+        descriptorPool = (RubyDescriptorPool) cDescriptorPool.newInstance(runtime.getCurrentContext(), Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+    }
+
+    public RubyDescriptorPool(Ruby ruby, RubyClass klazz) {
+        super(ruby, klazz);
+    }
+
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject initialize(ThreadContext context) {
+        this.symtab = new HashMap<IRubyObject, IRubyObject>();
+        this.cBuilder = (RubyClass) context.runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf::Builder");
+        this.builder = DescriptorProtos.FileDescriptorProto.newBuilder();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject build(ThreadContext context, Block block) {
+        RubyBuilder ctx = (RubyBuilder) cBuilder.newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        if (block.arity() == Arity.ONE_ARGUMENT) {
+            block.yield(context, ctx);
+        } else {
+            Binding binding = block.getBinding();
+            binding.setSelf(ctx);
+            block.yieldSpecific(context);
+        }
+        ctx.finalizeToPool(context, this);
+        buildFileDescriptor(context);
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject lookup(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject name) {
+        IRubyObject descriptor = this.symtab.get(name);
+        if (descriptor == null) {
+            return context.runtime.getNil();
+        }
+        return descriptor;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     DescriptorPool.generated_pool => descriptor_pool
+     *
+     * Class method that returns the global DescriptorPool. This is a singleton into
+     * which generated-code message and enum types are registered. The user may also
+     * register types in this pool for convenience so that they do not have to hold
+     * a reference to a private pool instance.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(meta = true, name = "generated_pool")
+    public static IRubyObject generatedPool(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv) {
+        return descriptorPool;
+    }
+
+    protected void addToSymtab(ThreadContext context, RubyDescriptor def) {
+        symtab.put(def.getName(context), def);
+        this.builder.addMessageType(def.getBuilder());
+    }
+
+    protected void addToSymtab(ThreadContext context, RubyEnumDescriptor def) {
+        symtab.put(def.getName(context), def);
+        this.builder.addEnumType(def.getBuilder());
+    }
+
+    private void buildFileDescriptor(ThreadContext context) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        try {
+            this.builder.setSyntax("proto3");
+            final Descriptors.FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(
+                    this.builder.build(), new Descriptors.FileDescriptor[]{});
+
+            for (Descriptors.EnumDescriptor enumDescriptor : fileDescriptor.getEnumTypes()) {
+                String enumName = Utils.unescapeIdentifier(enumDescriptor.getName());
+                if (enumDescriptor.findValueByNumber(0) == null) {
+                    throw runtime.newTypeError("Enum definition " + enumName
+                            + " does not contain a value for '0'");
+                }
+                ((RubyEnumDescriptor) symtab.get(runtime.newString(enumName)))
+                        .setDescriptor(enumDescriptor);
+            }
+            for (Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor : fileDescriptor.getMessageTypes()) {
+                RubyDescriptor rubyDescriptor = ((RubyDescriptor)
+                        symtab.get(runtime.newString(Utils.unescapeIdentifier(descriptor.getName()))));
+                for (Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor : descriptor.getFields()) {
+                    if (fieldDescriptor.isRequired()) {
+                        throw runtime.newTypeError("Required fields are unsupported in proto3");
+                    }
+                    RubyFieldDescriptor rubyFieldDescriptor = rubyDescriptor.lookup(fieldDescriptor.getName());
+                    rubyFieldDescriptor.setFieldDef(fieldDescriptor);
+                    if (fieldDescriptor.getType() == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE) {
+                        RubyDescriptor subType = (RubyDescriptor) lookup(context,
+                                runtime.newString(Utils.unescapeIdentifier(fieldDescriptor.getMessageType().getName())));
+                        rubyFieldDescriptor.setSubType(subType);
+                    }
+                    if (fieldDescriptor.getType() == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM) {
+                        RubyEnumDescriptor subType = (RubyEnumDescriptor) lookup(context,
+                                runtime.newString(Utils.unescapeIdentifier(fieldDescriptor.getEnumType().getName())));
+                        rubyFieldDescriptor.setSubType(subType);
+                    }
+                }
+                rubyDescriptor.setDescriptor(descriptor);
+            }
+        } catch (Descriptors.DescriptorValidationException e) {
+            throw runtime.newRuntimeError(e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static RubyDescriptorPool descriptorPool;
+
+    private RubyClass cBuilder;
+    private Map<IRubyObject, IRubyObject> symtab;
+    private DescriptorProtos.FileDescriptorProto.Builder builder;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyEnum.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyEnum.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..929d86999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyEnum.java
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
+import org.jruby.RubyModule;
+import org.jruby.RubyNumeric;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+
+public class RubyEnum {
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Enum.lookup(number) => name
+     *
+     * This module method, provided on each generated enum module, looks up an enum
+     * value by number and returns its name as a Ruby symbol, or nil if not found.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(meta = true)
+    public static IRubyObject lookup(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject number) {
+        RubyEnumDescriptor rubyEnumDescriptorescriptor = (RubyEnumDescriptor) getDescriptor(context, recv);
+        Descriptors.EnumDescriptor descriptor = rubyEnumDescriptorescriptor.getDescriptor();
+        Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor value = descriptor.findValueByNumber(RubyNumeric.num2int(number));
+        if (value == null) return context.runtime.getNil();
+        return context.runtime.newSymbol(value.getName());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Enum.resolve(name) => number
+     *
+     * This module method, provided on each generated enum module, looks up an enum
+     * value by name (as a Ruby symbol) and returns its name, or nil if not found.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(meta = true)
+    public static IRubyObject resolve(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject name) {
+        RubyEnumDescriptor rubyEnumDescriptorescriptor = (RubyEnumDescriptor) getDescriptor(context, recv);
+        Descriptors.EnumDescriptor descriptor = rubyEnumDescriptorescriptor.getDescriptor();
+        Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor value = descriptor.findValueByName(name.asJavaString());
+        if (value == null) return context.runtime.getNil();
+        return context.runtime.newFixnum(value.getNumber());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Enum.descriptor
+     *
+     * This module method, provided on each generated enum module, returns the
+     * EnumDescriptor corresponding to this enum type.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(meta = true, name = "descriptor")
+    public static IRubyObject getDescriptor(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv) {
+        return ((RubyModule) recv).getInstanceVariable(Utils.DESCRIPTOR_INSTANCE_VAR);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyEnumBuilderContext.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyEnumBuilderContext.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4cac3458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyEnumBuilderContext.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import org.jruby.Ruby;
+import org.jruby.RubyClass;
+import org.jruby.RubyModule;
+import org.jruby.RubyObject;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ObjectAllocator;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+
+@JRubyClass(name = "EnumBuilderContext")
+public class RubyEnumBuilderContext extends RubyObject {
+    public static void createRubyEnumBuilderContext(Ruby runtime) {
+        RubyModule protobuf = runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf");
+        RubyClass cMessageBuilderContext = protobuf.defineClassUnder("EnumBuilderContext", runtime.getObject(), new ObjectAllocator() {
+            @Override
+            public IRubyObject allocate(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klazz) {
+                return new RubyEnumBuilderContext(runtime, klazz);
+            }
+        });
+        cMessageBuilderContext.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyEnumBuilderContext.class);
+    }
+
+    public RubyEnumBuilderContext(Ruby ruby, RubyClass klazz) {
+        super(ruby, klazz);
+    }
+
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject initialize(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject enumDescriptor) {
+        this.enumDescriptor = (RubyEnumDescriptor) enumDescriptor;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     EnumBuilder.add_value(name, number)
+     *
+     * Adds the given name => number mapping to the enum type. Name must be a Ruby
+     * symbol.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject value(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject name, IRubyObject number) {
+        this.enumDescriptor.addValue(context, name, number);
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    private RubyEnumDescriptor enumDescriptor;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyEnumDescriptor.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyEnumDescriptor.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4df832d0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyEnumDescriptor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
+import org.jruby.Ruby;
+import org.jruby.RubyClass;
+import org.jruby.RubyModule;
+import org.jruby.RubyObject;
+import org.jruby.RubyNumeric;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
+import org.jruby.runtime.Block;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ObjectAllocator;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+
+@JRubyClass(name = "EnumDescriptor", include = "Enumerable")
+public class RubyEnumDescriptor extends RubyObject {
+    public static void createRubyEnumDescriptor(Ruby runtime) {
+        RubyModule mProtobuf = runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf");
+        RubyClass cEnumDescriptor = mProtobuf.defineClassUnder("EnumDescriptor", runtime.getObject(), new ObjectAllocator() {
+            @Override
+            public IRubyObject allocate(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klazz) {
+                return new RubyEnumDescriptor(runtime, klazz);
+            }
+        });
+        cEnumDescriptor.includeModule(runtime.getEnumerable());
+        cEnumDescriptor.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyEnumDescriptor.class);
+    }
+
+    public RubyEnumDescriptor(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klazz) {
+        super(runtime, klazz);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     EnumDescriptor.new => enum_descriptor
+     *
+     * Creates a new, empty, enum descriptor. Must be added to a pool before the
+     * enum type can be used. The enum type may only be modified prior to adding to
+     * a pool.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject initialize(ThreadContext context) {
+        this.builder = DescriptorProtos.EnumDescriptorProto.newBuilder();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     EnumDescriptor.name => name
+     *
+     * Returns the name of this enum type.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "name")
+    public IRubyObject getName(ThreadContext context) {
+        return this.name;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     EnumDescriptor.name = name
+     *
+     * Sets the name of this enum type. Cannot be called if the enum type has
+     * already been added to a pool.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "name=")
+    public IRubyObject setName(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject name) {
+        this.name = name;
+        this.builder.setName(Utils.escapeIdentifier(name.asJavaString()));
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     EnumDescriptor.add_value(key, value)
+     *
+     * Adds a new key => value mapping to this enum type. Key must be given as a
+     * Ruby symbol. Cannot be called if the enum type has already been added to a
+     * pool. Will raise an exception if the key or value is already in use.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "add_value")
+    public IRubyObject addValue(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject name, IRubyObject number) {
+        DescriptorProtos.EnumValueDescriptorProto.Builder valueBuilder = DescriptorProtos.EnumValueDescriptorProto.newBuilder();
+        valueBuilder.setName(name.asJavaString());
+        valueBuilder.setNumber(RubyNumeric.num2int(number));
+        this.builder.addValue(valueBuilder);
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     EnumDescriptor.each(&block)
+     *
+     * Iterates over key => value mappings in this enum's definition, yielding to
+     * the block with (key, value) arguments for each one.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject each(ThreadContext context, Block block) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        for (Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor enumValueDescriptor : descriptor.getValues()) {
+            block.yield(context, runtime.newArray(runtime.newSymbol(enumValueDescriptor.getName()),
+                    runtime.newFixnum(enumValueDescriptor.getNumber())));
+        }
+        return runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     EnumDescriptor.enummodule => module
+     *
+     * Returns the Ruby module corresponding to this enum type. Cannot be called
+     * until the enum descriptor has been added to a pool.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject enummodule(ThreadContext context) {
+        if (this.klazz == null) {
+            this.klazz = buildModuleFromDescriptor(context);
+        }
+        return this.klazz;
+    }
+
+    public void setDescriptor(Descriptors.EnumDescriptor descriptor) {
+        this.descriptor = descriptor;
+    }
+
+    public Descriptors.EnumDescriptor getDescriptor() {
+        return this.descriptor;
+    }
+
+    public DescriptorProtos.EnumDescriptorProto.Builder getBuilder() {
+        return this.builder;
+    }
+
+    private RubyModule buildModuleFromDescriptor(ThreadContext context) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        Utils.checkNameAvailability(context, name.asJavaString());
+
+        RubyModule enumModule = RubyModule.newModule(runtime);
+        for (Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor value : descriptor.getValues()) {
+            enumModule.defineConstant(value.getName(), runtime.newFixnum(value.getNumber()));
+        }
+
+        enumModule.instance_variable_set(runtime.newString(Utils.DESCRIPTOR_INSTANCE_VAR), this);
+        enumModule.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyEnum.class);
+        return enumModule;
+    }
+
+    private IRubyObject name;
+    private RubyModule klazz;
+    private Descriptors.EnumDescriptor descriptor;
+    private DescriptorProtos.EnumDescriptorProto.Builder builder;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyFieldDescriptor.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyFieldDescriptor.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3c488bc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyFieldDescriptor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
+import org.jruby.*;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ObjectAllocator;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+
+@JRubyClass(name = "FieldDescriptor")
+public class RubyFieldDescriptor extends RubyObject {
+    public static void createRubyFileDescriptor(Ruby runtime) {
+        RubyModule mProtobuf = runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf");
+        RubyClass cFieldDescriptor = mProtobuf.defineClassUnder("FieldDescriptor", runtime.getObject(), new ObjectAllocator() {
+            @Override
+            public IRubyObject allocate(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klazz) {
+                return new RubyFieldDescriptor(runtime, klazz);
+            }
+        });
+        cFieldDescriptor.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyFieldDescriptor.class);
+    }
+
+    public RubyFieldDescriptor(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klazz) {
+        super(runtime, klazz);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     FieldDescriptor.new => field
+     *
+     * Returns a new field descriptor. Its name, type, etc. must be set before it is
+     * added to a message type.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject initialize(ThreadContext context) {
+        builder = DescriptorProtos.FieldDescriptorProto.newBuilder();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     FieldDescriptor.label
+     *
+     * Return the label of this field.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "label")
+    public IRubyObject getLabel(ThreadContext context) {
+        return this.label;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     FieldDescriptor.label = label
+     *
+     * Sets the label on this field. Cannot be called if field is part of a message
+     * type already in a pool.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "label=")
+    public IRubyObject setLabel(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject value) {
+        String labelName = value.asJavaString();
+        this.label = context.runtime.newSymbol(labelName.toLowerCase());
+        this.builder.setLabel(
+                DescriptorProtos.FieldDescriptorProto.Label.valueOf("LABEL_" + labelName.toUpperCase()));
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     FieldDescriptor.name => name
+     *
+     * Returns the name of this field as a Ruby String, or nil if it is not set.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "name")
+    public IRubyObject getName(ThreadContext context) {
+        return this.name;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     FieldDescriptor.name = name
+     *
+     * Sets the name of this field. Cannot be called once the containing message
+     * type, if any, is added to a pool.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "name=")
+    public IRubyObject setName(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject value) {
+        String nameStr = value.asJavaString();
+        this.name = context.runtime.newString(nameStr);
+        this.builder.setName(Utils.escapeIdentifier(nameStr));
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "subtype")
+    public IRubyObject getSubType(ThreadContext context) {
+        return subType;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     FieldDescriptor.type => type
+     *
+     * Returns this field's type, as a Ruby symbol, or nil if not yet set.
+     *
+     * Valid field types are:
+     *     :int32, :int64, :uint32, :uint64, :float, :double, :bool, :string,
+     *     :bytes, :message.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "type")
+    public IRubyObject getType(ThreadContext context) {
+        return Utils.fieldTypeToRuby(context, this.builder.getType());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     FieldDescriptor.type = type
+     *
+     * Sets this field's type. Cannot be called if field is part of a message type
+     * already in a pool.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "type=")
+    public IRubyObject setType(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject value) {
+        this.builder.setType(DescriptorProtos.FieldDescriptorProto.Type.valueOf("TYPE_" + value.asJavaString().toUpperCase()));
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     FieldDescriptor.number => number
+     *
+     * Returns this field's number, as a Ruby Integer, or nil if not yet set.
+     *
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "number")
+    public IRubyObject getnumber(ThreadContext context) {
+        return this.number;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     FieldDescriptor.number = number
+     *
+     * Sets the tag number for this field. Cannot be called if field is part of a
+     * message type already in a pool.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "number=")
+    public IRubyObject setNumber(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject value) {
+        this.number = value;
+        this.builder.setNumber(RubyNumeric.num2int(value));
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     FieldDescriptor.submsg_name = submsg_name
+     *
+     * Sets the name of the message or enum type corresponding to this field, if it
+     * is a message or enum field (respectively). This type name will be resolved
+     * within the context of the pool to which the containing message type is added.
+     * Cannot be called on field that are not of message or enum type, or on fields
+     * that are part of a message type already added to a pool.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "submsg_name=")
+    public IRubyObject setSubmsgName(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject name) {
+        this.builder.setTypeName("." + Utils.escapeIdentifier(name.asJavaString()));
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     FieldDescriptor.get(message) => value
+     *
+     * Returns the value set for this field on the given message. Raises an
+     * exception if message is of the wrong type.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "get")
+    public IRubyObject getValue(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject msgRb) {
+        RubyMessage message = (RubyMessage) msgRb;
+        if (message.getDescriptor() != fieldDef.getContainingType()) {
+            throw context.runtime.newTypeError("set method called on wrong message type");
+        }
+        return message.getField(context, fieldDef);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     FieldDescriptor.set(message, value)
+     *
+     * Sets the value corresponding to this field to the given value on the given
+     * message. Raises an exception if message is of the wrong type. Performs the
+     * ordinary type-checks for field setting.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "set")
+    public IRubyObject setValue(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject msgRb, IRubyObject value) {
+        RubyMessage message = (RubyMessage) msgRb;
+        if (message.getDescriptor() != fieldDef.getContainingType()) {
+            throw context.runtime.newTypeError("set method called on wrong message type");
+        }
+        message.setField(context, fieldDef, value);
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    protected void setSubType(IRubyObject rubyDescriptor) {
+        this.subType = rubyDescriptor;
+    }
+
+    protected void setFieldDef(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor) {
+        this.fieldDef = fieldDescriptor;
+    }
+
+    protected void setOneofName(IRubyObject name) {
+        oneofName = name;
+    }
+
+    protected void setOneofIndex(int index) {
+        hasOneofIndex = true;
+        oneofIndex = index;
+    }
+
+    protected IRubyObject getOneofName() {
+        return oneofName;
+    }
+
+    protected Descriptors.FieldDescriptor getFieldDef() {
+        return fieldDef;
+    }
+
+    protected DescriptorProtos.FieldDescriptorProto build() {
+        if (hasOneofIndex)
+            builder.setOneofIndex(oneofIndex);
+        return this.builder.build();
+    }
+
+    private DescriptorProtos.FieldDescriptorProto.Builder builder;
+    private IRubyObject name;
+    private IRubyObject label;
+    private IRubyObject number;
+    private IRubyObject subType;
+    private IRubyObject oneofName;
+    private Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDef;
+    private int oneofIndex;
+    private boolean hasOneofIndex = false;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyMap.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89738624b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
+import com.google.protobuf.DynamicMessage;
+import com.google.protobuf.MapEntry;
+import org.jruby.*;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
+import org.jruby.internal.runtime.methods.DynamicMethod;
+import org.jruby.runtime.Block;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ObjectAllocator;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+import org.jruby.util.ByteList;
+
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@JRubyClass(name = "Map", include = "Enumerable")
+public class RubyMap extends RubyObject {
+    public static void createRubyMap(Ruby runtime) {
+        RubyModule protobuf = runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf");
+        RubyClass cMap = protobuf.defineClassUnder("Map", runtime.getObject(), new ObjectAllocator() {
+            @Override
+            public IRubyObject allocate(Ruby ruby, RubyClass rubyClass) {
+                return new RubyMap(ruby, rubyClass);
+            }
+        });
+        cMap.includeModule(runtime.getEnumerable());
+        cMap.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyMap.class);
+    }
+
+    public RubyMap(Ruby ruby, RubyClass rubyClass) {
+        super(ruby, rubyClass);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Map.new(key_type, value_type, value_typeclass = nil, init_hashmap = {})
+     *     => new map
+     *
+     * Allocates a new Map container. This constructor may be called with 2, 3, or 4
+     * arguments. The first two arguments are always present and are symbols (taking
+     * on the same values as field-type symbols in message descriptors) that
+     * indicate the type of the map key and value fields.
+     *
+     * The supported key types are: :int32, :int64, :uint32, :uint64, :bool,
+     * :string, :bytes.
+     *
+     * The supported value types are: :int32, :int64, :uint32, :uint64, :bool,
+     * :string, :bytes, :enum, :message.
+     *
+     * The third argument, value_typeclass, must be present if value_type is :enum
+     * or :message. As in RepeatedField#new, this argument must be a message class
+     * (for :message) or enum module (for :enum).
+     *
+     * The last argument, if present, provides initial content for map. Note that
+     * this may be an ordinary Ruby hashmap or another Map instance with identical
+     * key and value types. Also note that this argument may be present whether or
+     * not value_typeclass is present (and it is unambiguously separate from
+     * value_typeclass because value_typeclass's presence is strictly determined by
+     * value_type). The contents of this initial hashmap or Map instance are
+     * shallow-copied into the new Map: the original map is unmodified, but
+     * references to underlying objects will be shared if the value type is a
+     * message type.
+     */
+
+    @JRubyMethod(required = 2, optional = 2)
+    public IRubyObject initialize(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
+        this.table = new HashMap<IRubyObject, IRubyObject>();
+        this.keyType = Utils.rubyToFieldType(args[0]);
+        this.valueType = Utils.rubyToFieldType(args[1]);
+
+        switch(keyType) {
+            case INT32:
+            case INT64:
+            case UINT32:
+            case UINT64:
+            case BOOL:
+            case STRING:
+            case BYTES:
+                // These are OK.
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw context.runtime.newArgumentError("Invalid key type for map.");
+        }
+
+        int initValueArg = 2;
+        if (needTypeclass(this.valueType) && args.length > 2) {
+            this.valueTypeClass = args[2];
+            Utils.validateTypeClass(context, this.valueType, this.valueTypeClass);
+            initValueArg = 3;
+        } else {
+            this.valueTypeClass = context.runtime.getNilClass();
+        }
+
+        // Table value type is always UINT64: this ensures enough space to store the
+        // native_slot value.
+        if (args.length > initValueArg) {
+            mergeIntoSelf(context, args[initValueArg]);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Map.[]=(key, value) => value
+     *
+     * Inserts or overwrites the value at the given key with the given new value.
+     * Throws an exception if the key type is incorrect. Returns the new value that
+     * was just inserted.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "[]=")
+    public IRubyObject indexSet(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject key, IRubyObject value) {
+        key = Utils.checkType(context, keyType, key, (RubyModule) valueTypeClass);
+        value = Utils.checkType(context, valueType, value, (RubyModule) valueTypeClass);
+        IRubyObject symbol;
+        if (valueType == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM &&
+                Utils.isRubyNum(value) &&
+                ! (symbol = RubyEnum.lookup(context, valueTypeClass, value)).isNil()) {
+            value = symbol;
+        }
+        this.table.put(key, value);
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Map.[](key) => value
+     *
+     * Accesses the element at the given key. Throws an exception if the key type is
+     * incorrect. Returns nil when the key is not present in the map.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "[]")
+    public IRubyObject index(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject key) {
+        if (table.containsKey(key))
+            return this.table.get(key);
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Map.==(other) => boolean
+     *
+     * Compares this map to another. Maps are equal if they have identical key sets,
+     * and for each key, the values in both maps compare equal. Elements are
+     * compared as per normal Ruby semantics, by calling their :== methods (or
+     * performing a more efficient comparison for primitive types).
+     *
+     * Maps with dissimilar key types or value types/typeclasses are never equal,
+     * even if value comparison (for example, between integers and floats) would
+     * have otherwise indicated that every element has equal value.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "==")
+    public IRubyObject eq(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject _other) {
+        if (_other instanceof RubyHash)
+            return toHash(context).op_equal(context, _other);
+        RubyMap other = (RubyMap) _other;
+        if (this == other) return context.runtime.getTrue();
+        if (!typeCompatible(other) || this.table.size() != other.table.size())
+            return context.runtime.getFalse();
+        for (IRubyObject key : table.keySet()) {
+            if (! other.table.containsKey(key))
+                return context.runtime.getFalse();
+            if (! other.table.get(key).equals(table.get(key)))
+                return context.runtime.getFalse();
+        }
+        return context.runtime.getTrue();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Map.inspect => string
+     *
+     * Returns a string representing this map's elements. It will be formatted as
+     * "{key => value, key => value, ...}", with each key and value string
+     * representation computed by its own #inspect method.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject inspect() {
+        return toHash(getRuntime().getCurrentContext()).inspect();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Map.hash => hash_value
+     *
+     * Returns a hash value based on this map's contents.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject hash(ThreadContext context) {
+        try {
+            MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
+            for (IRubyObject key : table.keySet()) {
+                digest.update((byte) key.hashCode());
+                digest.update((byte) table.get(key).hashCode());
+            }
+            return context.runtime.newString(new ByteList(digest.digest()));
+        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ignore) {
+            return context.runtime.newFixnum(System.identityHashCode(table));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Map.keys => [list_of_keys]
+     *
+     * Returns the list of keys contained in the map, in unspecified order.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject keys(ThreadContext context) {
+        return RubyArray.newArray(context.runtime, table.keySet());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Map.values => [list_of_values]
+     *
+     * Returns the list of values contained in the map, in unspecified order.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject values(ThreadContext context) {
+        return RubyArray.newArray(context.runtime, table.values());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Map.clear
+     *
+     * Removes all entries from the map.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject clear(ThreadContext context) {
+        table.clear();
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Map.each(&block)
+     *
+     * Invokes &block on each |key, value| pair in the map, in unspecified order.
+     * Note that Map also includes Enumerable; map thus acts like a normal Ruby
+     * sequence.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject each(ThreadContext context, Block block) {
+        for (IRubyObject key : table.keySet()) {
+            block.yieldSpecific(context, key, table.get(key));
+        }
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Map.delete(key) => old_value
+     *
+     * Deletes the value at the given key, if any, returning either the old value or
+     * nil if none was present. Throws an exception if the key is of the wrong type.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject delete(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject key) {
+        return table.remove(key);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Map.has_key?(key) => bool
+     *
+     * Returns true if the given key is present in the map. Throws an exception if
+     * the key has the wrong type.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "has_key?")
+    public IRubyObject hasKey(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject key) {
+        return this.table.containsKey(key) ? context.runtime.getTrue() : context.runtime.getFalse();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Map.length
+     *
+     * Returns the number of entries (key-value pairs) in the map.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject length(ThreadContext context) {
+        return context.runtime.newFixnum(this.table.size());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Map.dup => new_map
+     *
+     * Duplicates this map with a shallow copy. References to all non-primitive
+     * element objects (e.g., submessages) are shared.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject dup(ThreadContext context) {
+        RubyMap newMap = newThisType(context);
+        for (Map.Entry<IRubyObject, IRubyObject> entry : table.entrySet()) {
+            newMap.table.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        }
+        return newMap;
+    }
+
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "to_h")
+    public RubyHash toHash(ThreadContext context) {
+        return RubyHash.newHash(context.runtime, table, context.runtime.getNil());
+    }
+
+    // Used by Google::Protobuf.deep_copy but not exposed directly.
+    protected IRubyObject deepCopy(ThreadContext context) {
+        RubyMap newMap = newThisType(context);
+        switch (valueType) {
+            case MESSAGE:
+                for (IRubyObject key : table.keySet()) {
+                    RubyMessage message = (RubyMessage) table.get(key);
+                    newMap.table.put(key.dup(), message.deepCopy(context));
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                for (IRubyObject key : table.keySet()) {
+                    newMap.table.put(key.dup(), table.get(key).dup());
+                }
+        }
+        return newMap;
+    }
+
+    protected List<DynamicMessage> build(ThreadContext context, RubyDescriptor descriptor) {
+        List<DynamicMessage> list = new ArrayList<DynamicMessage>();
+        RubyClass rubyClass = (RubyClass) descriptor.msgclass(context);
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor keyField = descriptor.lookup("key").getFieldDef();
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor valueField = descriptor.lookup("value").getFieldDef();
+        for (IRubyObject key : table.keySet()) {
+            RubyMessage mapMessage = (RubyMessage) rubyClass.newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+            mapMessage.setField(context, keyField, key);
+            mapMessage.setField(context, valueField, table.get(key));
+            list.add(mapMessage.build(context));
+        }
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    protected RubyMap mergeIntoSelf(final ThreadContext context, IRubyObject hashmap) {
+        if (hashmap instanceof RubyHash) {
+            ((RubyHash) hashmap).visitAll(new RubyHash.Visitor() {
+                @Override
+                public void visit(IRubyObject key, IRubyObject val) {
+                    indexSet(context, key, val);
+                }
+            });
+        } else if (hashmap instanceof RubyMap) {
+            RubyMap other = (RubyMap) hashmap;
+            if (!typeCompatible(other)) {
+                throw context.runtime.newTypeError("Attempt to merge Map with mismatching types");
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw context.runtime.newTypeError("Unknown type merging into Map");
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    protected boolean typeCompatible(RubyMap other) {
+        return this.keyType == other.keyType &&
+                this.valueType == other.valueType &&
+                this.valueTypeClass == other.valueTypeClass;
+    }
+
+    private RubyMap newThisType(ThreadContext context) {
+        RubyMap newMap;
+        if (needTypeclass(valueType)) {
+            newMap = (RubyMap) metaClass.newInstance(context,
+                    Utils.fieldTypeToRuby(context, keyType),
+                    Utils.fieldTypeToRuby(context, valueType),
+                    valueTypeClass, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        } else {
+            newMap = (RubyMap) metaClass.newInstance(context,
+                    Utils.fieldTypeToRuby(context, keyType),
+                    Utils.fieldTypeToRuby(context, valueType),
+                    Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        }
+        newMap.table = new HashMap<IRubyObject, IRubyObject>();
+        return newMap;
+    }
+
+    private boolean needTypeclass(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type type) {
+        switch(type) {
+            case MESSAGE:
+            case ENUM:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type keyType;
+    private Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type valueType;
+    private IRubyObject valueTypeClass;
+    private Map<IRubyObject, IRubyObject> table;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyMessage.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyMessage.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..774db65a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,809 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.*;
+import org.jruby.*;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
+import org.jruby.runtime.Block;
+import org.jruby.runtime.Helpers;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+import org.jruby.util.ByteList;
+
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class RubyMessage extends RubyObject {
+    public RubyMessage(Ruby ruby, RubyClass klazz, Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor) {
+        super(ruby, klazz);
+        this.descriptor = descriptor;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Message.new(kwargs) => new_message
+     *
+     * Creates a new instance of the given message class. Keyword arguments may be
+     * provided with keywords corresponding to field names.
+     *
+     * Note that no literal Message class exists. Only concrete classes per message
+     * type exist, as provided by the #msgclass method on Descriptors after they
+     * have been added to a pool. The method definitions described here on the
+     * Message class are provided on each concrete message class.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(optional = 1)
+    public IRubyObject initialize(final ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
+        final Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        this.cRepeatedField = (RubyClass) runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField");
+        this.cMap = (RubyClass) runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf::Map");
+        this.builder = DynamicMessage.newBuilder(this.descriptor);
+        this.repeatedFields = new HashMap<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, RubyRepeatedField>();
+        this.maps = new HashMap<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, RubyMap>();
+        this.fields = new HashMap<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, IRubyObject>();
+        this.oneofCases = new HashMap<Descriptors.OneofDescriptor, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor>();
+        if (args.length == 1) {
+            if (!(args[0] instanceof RubyHash)) {
+                throw runtime.newArgumentError("expected Hash arguments.");
+            }
+            RubyHash hash = args[0].convertToHash();
+            hash.visitAll(new RubyHash.Visitor() {
+                @Override
+                public void visit(IRubyObject key, IRubyObject value) {
+                    if (!(key instanceof RubySymbol) && !(key instanceof RubyString))
+                        throw runtime.newTypeError("Expected string or symbols as hash keys in initialization map.");
+                    final Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor = findField(context, key);
+
+                    if (value.isNil()) return;
+
+                    if (Utils.isMapEntry(fieldDescriptor)) {
+                        if (!(value instanceof RubyHash))
+                            throw runtime.newArgumentError("Expected Hash object as initializer value for map field '" +  key.asJavaString() + "'.");
+
+                        final RubyMap map = newMapForField(context, fieldDescriptor);
+                        map.mergeIntoSelf(context, value);
+                        maps.put(fieldDescriptor, map);
+                    } else if (fieldDescriptor.isRepeated()) {
+                        if (!(value instanceof RubyArray))
+                            throw runtime.newArgumentError("Expected array as initializer value for repeated field '" +  key.asJavaString() + "'.");
+                        RubyRepeatedField repeatedField = rubyToRepeatedField(context, fieldDescriptor, value);
+                        addRepeatedField(fieldDescriptor, repeatedField);
+                    } else {
+                        Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof = fieldDescriptor.getContainingOneof();
+                        if (oneof != null) {
+                            oneofCases.put(oneof, fieldDescriptor);
+                        }
+
+                        if (value instanceof RubyHash && fieldDescriptor.getType() == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE) {
+                            RubyDescriptor descriptor = (RubyDescriptor) getDescriptorForField(context, fieldDescriptor);
+                            RubyClass typeClass = (RubyClass) descriptor.msgclass(context);
+                            value = (IRubyObject) typeClass.newInstance(context, value, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+                        }
+
+                        fields.put(fieldDescriptor, value);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Message.[]=(index, value)
+     *
+     * Sets a field's value by field name. The provided field name should be a
+     * string.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "[]=")
+    public IRubyObject indexSet(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject fieldName, IRubyObject value) {
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor = findField(context, fieldName);
+        return setField(context, fieldDescriptor, value);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Message.[](index) => value
+     *
+     * Accesses a field's value by field name. The provided field name should be a
+     * string.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "[]")
+    public IRubyObject index(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject fieldName) {
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor = findField(context, fieldName);
+        return getField(context, fieldDescriptor);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Message.inspect => string
+     *
+     * Returns a human-readable string representing this message. It will be
+     * formatted as "<MessageType: field1: value1, field2: value2, ...>". Each
+     * field's value is represented according to its own #inspect method.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject inspect() {
+        String cname = metaClass.getName();
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("<");
+        sb.append(cname);
+        sb.append(": ");
+        sb.append(this.layoutInspect());
+        sb.append(">");
+
+        return getRuntime().newString(sb.toString());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Message.hash => hash_value
+     *
+     * Returns a hash value that represents this message's field values.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject hash(ThreadContext context) {
+        try {
+            MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
+            for (RubyMap map : maps.values()) {
+                digest.update((byte) map.hashCode());
+            }
+            for (RubyRepeatedField repeatedField : repeatedFields.values()) {
+                digest.update((byte) repeatedFields.hashCode());
+            }
+            for (IRubyObject field : fields.values()) {
+                digest.update((byte) field.hashCode());
+            }
+            return context.runtime.newString(new ByteList(digest.digest()));
+        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ignore) {
+            return context.runtime.newFixnum(System.identityHashCode(this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Message.==(other) => boolean
+     *
+     * Performs a deep comparison of this message with another. Messages are equal
+     * if they have the same type and if each field is equal according to the :==
+     * method's semantics (a more efficient comparison may actually be done if the
+     * field is of a primitive type).
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "==")
+    public IRubyObject eq(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject other) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        if (!(other instanceof RubyMessage))
+            return runtime.getFalse();
+        RubyMessage message = (RubyMessage) other;
+        if (descriptor != message.descriptor) {
+            return runtime.getFalse();
+        }
+
+        for (Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fdef : descriptor.getFields()) {
+            IRubyObject thisVal = getField(context, fdef);
+            IRubyObject thatVal = message.getField(context, fdef);
+            IRubyObject ret = thisVal.callMethod(context, "==", thatVal);
+            if (!ret.isTrue()) {
+                return runtime.getFalse();
+            }
+        }
+        return runtime.getTrue();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Message.method_missing(*args)
+     *
+     * Provides accessors and setters for message fields according to their field
+     * names. For any field whose name does not conflict with a built-in method, an
+     * accessor is provided with the same name as the field, and a setter is
+     * provided with the name of the field plus the '=' suffix. Thus, given a
+     * message instance 'msg' with field 'foo', the following code is valid:
+     *
+     *     msg.foo = 42
+     *     puts msg.foo
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "method_missing", rest = true)
+    public IRubyObject methodMissing(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
+        if (args.length == 1) {
+            RubyDescriptor rubyDescriptor = (RubyDescriptor) getDescriptor(context, metaClass);
+            IRubyObject oneofDescriptor = rubyDescriptor.lookupOneof(context, args[0]);
+            if (oneofDescriptor.isNil()) {
+                if (!hasField(args[0])) {
+                    return Helpers.invokeSuper(context, this, metaClass, "method_missing", args, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+                }
+                return index(context, args[0]);
+            }
+            RubyOneofDescriptor rubyOneofDescriptor = (RubyOneofDescriptor) oneofDescriptor;
+            Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor =
+                    oneofCases.get(rubyOneofDescriptor.getOneofDescriptor());
+            if (fieldDescriptor == null)
+                return context.runtime.getNil();
+
+            return context.runtime.newSymbol(fieldDescriptor.getName());
+        } else {
+            // fieldName is RubySymbol
+            RubyString field = args[0].asString();
+            RubyString equalSign = context.runtime.newString(Utils.EQUAL_SIGN);
+            if (field.end_with_p(context, equalSign).isTrue()) {
+                field.chomp_bang(context, equalSign);
+            }
+
+            if (!hasField(field)) {
+                return Helpers.invokeSuper(context, this, metaClass, "method_missing", args, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+            }
+            return indexSet(context, field, args[1]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * call-seq:
+     * Message.dup => new_message
+     * Performs a shallow copy of this message and returns the new copy.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject dup(ThreadContext context) {
+        RubyMessage dup = (RubyMessage) metaClass.newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        IRubyObject value;
+        for (Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor : this.descriptor.getFields()) {
+            if (fieldDescriptor.isRepeated()) {
+                dup.addRepeatedField(fieldDescriptor, this.getRepeatedField(context, fieldDescriptor));
+            } else if (fields.containsKey(fieldDescriptor)) {
+                dup.fields.put(fieldDescriptor, fields.get(fieldDescriptor));
+            } else if (this.builder.hasField(fieldDescriptor)) {
+                dup.fields.put(fieldDescriptor, wrapField(context, fieldDescriptor, this.builder.getField(fieldDescriptor)));
+            }
+        }
+        for (Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor : maps.keySet()) {
+            dup.maps.put(fieldDescriptor, maps.get(fieldDescriptor));
+        }
+        return dup;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Message.descriptor => descriptor
+     *
+     * Class method that returns the Descriptor instance corresponding to this
+     * message class's type.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "descriptor", meta = true)
+    public static IRubyObject getDescriptor(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv) {
+        return ((RubyClass) recv).getInstanceVariable(Utils.DESCRIPTOR_INSTANCE_VAR);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     MessageClass.encode(msg) => bytes
+     *
+     * Encodes the given message object to its serialized form in protocol buffers
+     * wire format.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(meta = true)
+    public static IRubyObject encode(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject value) {
+        RubyMessage message = (RubyMessage) value;
+        return context.runtime.newString(new ByteList(message.build(context).toByteArray()));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     MessageClass.decode(data) => message
+     *
+     * Decodes the given data (as a string containing bytes in protocol buffers wire
+     * format) under the interpretration given by this message class's definition
+     * and returns a message object with the corresponding field values.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(meta = true)
+    public static IRubyObject decode(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject data) {
+        byte[] bin = data.convertToString().getBytes();
+        RubyMessage ret = (RubyMessage) ((RubyClass) recv).newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        try {
+            ret.builder.mergeFrom(bin);
+        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+            throw context.runtime.newRuntimeError(e.getMessage());
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     MessageClass.encode_json(msg) => json_string
+     *
+     * Encodes the given message object into its serialized JSON representation.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "encode_json", meta = true)
+    public static IRubyObject encodeJson(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject msgRb) {
+        RubyMessage message = (RubyMessage) msgRb;
+        return Helpers.invoke(context, message.toHash(context), "to_json");
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     MessageClass.decode_json(data) => message
+     *
+     * Decodes the given data (as a string containing bytes in protocol buffers wire
+     * format) under the interpretration given by this message class's definition
+     * and returns a message object with the corresponding field values.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "decode_json", meta = true)
+    public static IRubyObject decodeJson(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject json) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        RubyMessage ret = (RubyMessage) ((RubyClass) recv).newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        RubyModule jsonModule = runtime.getClassFromPath("JSON");
+        RubyHash opts = RubyHash.newHash(runtime);
+        opts.fastASet(runtime.newSymbol("symbolize_names"), runtime.getTrue());
+        IRubyObject[] args = new IRubyObject[] { Helpers.invoke(context, jsonModule, "parse", json, opts) };
+        ret.initialize(context, args);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "to_h")
+    public IRubyObject toHash(ThreadContext context) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        RubyHash ret = RubyHash.newHash(runtime);
+        for (Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fdef : this.descriptor.getFields()) {
+            IRubyObject value = getField(context, fdef);
+            if (!value.isNil()) {
+                if (fdef.isRepeated() && !fdef.isMapField()) {
+                    if (fdef.getType() != Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE) {
+                        value = Helpers.invoke(context, value, "to_a");
+                    } else {
+                        RubyArray ary = value.convertToArray();
+                        for (int i = 0; i < ary.size(); i++) {
+                            IRubyObject submsg = Helpers.invoke(context, ary.eltInternal(i), "to_h");
+                            ary.eltInternalSet(i, submsg);
+                        }
+
+                        value = ary.to_ary();
+                    }
+                } else if (value.respondsTo("to_h")) {
+                    value = Helpers.invoke(context, value, "to_h");
+                } else if (value.respondsTo("to_a")) {
+                    value = Helpers.invoke(context, value, "to_a");
+                }
+            }
+            ret.fastASet(runtime.newSymbol(fdef.getName()), value);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    protected DynamicMessage build(ThreadContext context) {
+        return build(context, 0);
+    }
+
+    protected DynamicMessage build(ThreadContext context, int depth) {
+        if (depth > SINK_MAXIMUM_NESTING) {
+            throw context.runtime.newRuntimeError("Maximum recursion depth exceeded during encoding.");
+        }
+        for (Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor : maps.keySet()) {
+            this.builder.clearField(fieldDescriptor);
+            RubyDescriptor mapDescriptor = (RubyDescriptor) getDescriptorForField(context, fieldDescriptor);
+            for (DynamicMessage kv : maps.get(fieldDescriptor).build(context, mapDescriptor)) {
+                this.builder.addRepeatedField(fieldDescriptor, kv);
+            }
+        }
+        for (Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor : repeatedFields.keySet()) {
+            RubyRepeatedField repeatedField = repeatedFields.get(fieldDescriptor);
+            this.builder.clearField(fieldDescriptor);
+            for (int i = 0; i < repeatedField.size(); i++) {
+                Object item = convert(context, fieldDescriptor, repeatedField.get(i), depth);
+                this.builder.addRepeatedField(fieldDescriptor, item);
+            }
+        }
+        for (Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor : fields.keySet()) {
+            IRubyObject value = fields.get(fieldDescriptor);
+            this.builder.setField(fieldDescriptor, convert(context, fieldDescriptor, value, depth));
+        }
+        return this.builder.build();
+    }
+
+    protected Descriptors.Descriptor getDescriptor() {
+        return this.descriptor;
+    }
+
+    // Internal use only, called by Google::Protobuf.deep_copy
+    protected IRubyObject deepCopy(ThreadContext context) {
+        RubyMessage copy = (RubyMessage) metaClass.newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        for (Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fdef : this.descriptor.getFields()) {
+            if (fdef.isRepeated()) {
+                copy.addRepeatedField(fdef, this.getRepeatedField(context, fdef).deepCopy(context));
+            } else if (fields.containsKey(fdef)) {
+                copy.fields.put(fdef, fields.get(fdef));
+            } else if (this.builder.hasField(fdef)) {
+                copy.fields.put(fdef, wrapField(context, fdef, this.builder.getField(fdef)));
+            }
+        }
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    private RubyRepeatedField getRepeatedField(ThreadContext context, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor) {
+        if (this.repeatedFields.containsKey(fieldDescriptor)) {
+            return this.repeatedFields.get(fieldDescriptor);
+        }
+        int count = this.builder.getRepeatedFieldCount(fieldDescriptor);
+        RubyRepeatedField ret = repeatedFieldForFieldDescriptor(context, fieldDescriptor);
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            ret.push(context, wrapField(context, fieldDescriptor, this.builder.getRepeatedField(fieldDescriptor, i)));
+        }
+        addRepeatedField(fieldDescriptor, ret);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    private void addRepeatedField(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor, RubyRepeatedField repeatedField) {
+        this.repeatedFields.put(fieldDescriptor, repeatedField);
+    }
+
+    private IRubyObject buildFrom(ThreadContext context, DynamicMessage dynamicMessage) {
+        this.builder.mergeFrom(dynamicMessage);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private Descriptors.FieldDescriptor findField(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject fieldName) {
+        String nameStr = fieldName.asJavaString();
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor ret = this.descriptor.findFieldByName(Utils.escapeIdentifier(nameStr));
+        if (ret == null)
+            throw context.runtime.newArgumentError("field " + fieldName.asJavaString() + " is not found");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasField(IRubyObject fieldName) {
+        String nameStr = fieldName.asJavaString();
+        return this.descriptor.findFieldByName(Utils.escapeIdentifier(nameStr)) != null;
+    }
+
+    private void checkRepeatedFieldType(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject value,
+                                        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        if (!(value instanceof RubyRepeatedField)) {
+            throw runtime.newTypeError("Expected repeated field array");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // convert a ruby object to protobuf type, with type check
+    private Object convert(ThreadContext context,
+                           Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor,
+                           IRubyObject value, int depth) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        Object val = null;
+        switch (fieldDescriptor.getType()) {
+            case INT32:
+            case INT64:
+            case UINT32:
+            case UINT64:
+                if (!Utils.isRubyNum(value)) {
+                    throw runtime.newTypeError("Expected number type for integral field.");
+                }
+                Utils.checkIntTypePrecision(context, fieldDescriptor.getType(), value);
+                switch (fieldDescriptor.getType()) {
+                    case INT32:
+                        val = RubyNumeric.num2int(value);
+                        break;
+                    case INT64:
+                        val = RubyNumeric.num2long(value);
+                        break;
+                    case UINT32:
+                        val = Utils.num2uint(value);
+                        break;
+                    case UINT64:
+                        val = Utils.num2ulong(context.runtime, value);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        break;
+                }
+                break;
+            case FLOAT:
+                if (!Utils.isRubyNum(value))
+                    throw runtime.newTypeError("Expected number type for float field.");
+                val = (float) RubyNumeric.num2dbl(value);
+                break;
+            case DOUBLE:
+                if (!Utils.isRubyNum(value))
+                    throw runtime.newTypeError("Expected number type for double field.");
+                val = RubyNumeric.num2dbl(value);
+                break;
+            case BOOL:
+                if (!(value instanceof RubyBoolean))
+                    throw runtime.newTypeError("Invalid argument for boolean field.");
+                val = value.isTrue();
+                break;
+            case BYTES:
+                Utils.validateStringEncoding(context, fieldDescriptor.getType(), value);
+                val = ByteString.copyFrom(((RubyString) value).getBytes());
+                break;
+            case STRING:
+                Utils.validateStringEncoding(context, fieldDescriptor.getType(), value);
+                val = ((RubyString) value).asJavaString();
+                break;
+            case MESSAGE:
+                RubyClass typeClass = (RubyClass) ((RubyDescriptor) getDescriptorForField(context, fieldDescriptor)).msgclass(context);
+                if (!value.getMetaClass().equals(typeClass))
+                    throw runtime.newTypeError(value, "Invalid type to assign to submessage field.");
+                val = ((RubyMessage) value).build(context, depth + 1);
+                break;
+            case ENUM:
+                Descriptors.EnumDescriptor enumDescriptor = fieldDescriptor.getEnumType();
+
+                if (Utils.isRubyNum(value)) {
+                    val = enumDescriptor.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(RubyNumeric.num2int(value));
+                } else if (value instanceof RubySymbol || value instanceof RubyString) {
+                    val = enumDescriptor.findValueByName(value.asJavaString());
+                } else {
+                    throw runtime.newTypeError("Expected number or symbol type for enum field.");
+                }
+                if (val == null) {
+                    throw runtime.newRangeError("Enum value " + value + " is not found.");
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+
+    private IRubyObject wrapField(ThreadContext context, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor, Object value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+            return context.runtime.getNil();
+        }
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        switch (fieldDescriptor.getType()) {
+            case INT32:
+            case INT64:
+            case UINT32:
+            case UINT64:
+            case FLOAT:
+            case DOUBLE:
+            case BOOL:
+            case BYTES:
+            case STRING:
+                return Utils.wrapPrimaryValue(context, fieldDescriptor.getType(), value);
+            case MESSAGE:
+                RubyClass typeClass = (RubyClass) ((RubyDescriptor) getDescriptorForField(context, fieldDescriptor)).msgclass(context);
+                RubyMessage msg = (RubyMessage) typeClass.newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+                return msg.buildFrom(context, (DynamicMessage) value);
+            case ENUM:
+                Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor enumValueDescriptor = (Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor) value;
+                if (enumValueDescriptor.getIndex() == -1) { // UNKNOWN ENUM VALUE
+                    return runtime.newFixnum(enumValueDescriptor.getNumber());
+                }
+                return runtime.newSymbol(enumValueDescriptor.getName());
+            default:
+                return runtime.newString(value.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private RubyRepeatedField repeatedFieldForFieldDescriptor(ThreadContext context,
+                                                              Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor) {
+        IRubyObject typeClass = context.runtime.getNilClass();
+
+        IRubyObject descriptor = getDescriptorForField(context, fieldDescriptor);
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type type = fieldDescriptor.getType();
+        if (type == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE) {
+            typeClass = ((RubyDescriptor) descriptor).msgclass(context);
+
+        } else if (type == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM) {
+            typeClass = ((RubyEnumDescriptor) descriptor).enummodule(context);
+        }
+        return new RubyRepeatedField(context.runtime, cRepeatedField, type, typeClass);
+    }
+
+    protected IRubyObject getField(ThreadContext context, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor) {
+        Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneofDescriptor = fieldDescriptor.getContainingOneof();
+        if (oneofDescriptor != null) {
+            if (oneofCases.get(oneofDescriptor) == fieldDescriptor) {
+                return fields.get(fieldDescriptor);
+            } else {
+                Descriptors.FieldDescriptor oneofCase = builder.getOneofFieldDescriptor(oneofDescriptor);
+                if (oneofCase != fieldDescriptor) {
+                  if (fieldDescriptor.getType() == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE) {
+                    return context.runtime.getNil();
+                  } else {
+                    return wrapField(context, fieldDescriptor, fieldDescriptor.getDefaultValue());
+                  }
+                }
+                IRubyObject value = wrapField(context, oneofCase, builder.getField(oneofCase));
+                fields.put(fieldDescriptor, value);
+                return value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (Utils.isMapEntry(fieldDescriptor)) {
+            RubyMap map = maps.get(fieldDescriptor);
+            if (map == null) {
+                map = newMapForField(context, fieldDescriptor);
+                int mapSize = this.builder.getRepeatedFieldCount(fieldDescriptor);
+                Descriptors.FieldDescriptor keyField = fieldDescriptor.getMessageType().findFieldByNumber(1);
+                Descriptors.FieldDescriptor valueField = fieldDescriptor.getMessageType().findFieldByNumber(2);
+                RubyDescriptor kvDescriptor = (RubyDescriptor) getDescriptorForField(context, fieldDescriptor);
+                RubyClass kvClass = (RubyClass) kvDescriptor.msgclass(context);
+                for (int i = 0; i < mapSize; i++) {
+                    RubyMessage kvMessage = (RubyMessage) kvClass.newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+                    DynamicMessage message = (DynamicMessage) this.builder.getRepeatedField(fieldDescriptor, i);
+                    kvMessage.buildFrom(context, message);
+                    map.indexSet(context, kvMessage.getField(context, keyField), kvMessage.getField(context, valueField));
+                }
+                maps.put(fieldDescriptor, map);
+            }
+            return map;
+        }
+        if (fieldDescriptor.isRepeated()) {
+            return getRepeatedField(context, fieldDescriptor);
+        }
+        if (fieldDescriptor.getType() != Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE ||
+                this.builder.hasField(fieldDescriptor) || fields.containsKey(fieldDescriptor)) {
+            if (fields.containsKey(fieldDescriptor)) {
+                return fields.get(fieldDescriptor);
+            } else {
+                IRubyObject value = wrapField(context, fieldDescriptor, this.builder.getField(fieldDescriptor));
+                if (this.builder.hasField(fieldDescriptor)) {
+                    fields.put(fieldDescriptor, value);
+                }
+                return value;
+            }
+        }
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    protected IRubyObject setField(ThreadContext context, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor, IRubyObject value) {
+        if (Utils.isMapEntry(fieldDescriptor)) {
+            if (!(value instanceof RubyMap)) {
+                throw context.runtime.newTypeError("Expected Map instance");
+            }
+            RubyMap thisMap = (RubyMap) getField(context, fieldDescriptor);
+            thisMap.mergeIntoSelf(context, value);
+        } else if (fieldDescriptor.isRepeated()) {
+            checkRepeatedFieldType(context, value, fieldDescriptor);
+            if (value instanceof RubyRepeatedField) {
+                addRepeatedField(fieldDescriptor, (RubyRepeatedField) value);
+            } else {
+                RubyArray ary = value.convertToArray();
+                RubyRepeatedField repeatedField = rubyToRepeatedField(context, fieldDescriptor, ary);
+                addRepeatedField(fieldDescriptor, repeatedField);
+            }
+        } else {
+            Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneofDescriptor = fieldDescriptor.getContainingOneof();
+            if (oneofDescriptor != null) {
+                Descriptors.FieldDescriptor oneofCase = oneofCases.get(oneofDescriptor);
+                if (oneofCase != null && oneofCase != fieldDescriptor) {
+                    fields.remove(oneofCase);
+                }
+                if (value.isNil()) {
+                    oneofCases.remove(oneofDescriptor);
+                    fields.remove(fieldDescriptor);
+                } else {
+                    oneofCases.put(oneofDescriptor, fieldDescriptor);
+                    fields.put(fieldDescriptor, value);
+                }
+            } else {
+                Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type fieldType = fieldDescriptor.getType();
+                IRubyObject typeClass = context.runtime.getObject();
+                boolean addValue = true;
+                if (fieldType == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE) {
+                    typeClass = ((RubyDescriptor) getDescriptorForField(context, fieldDescriptor)).msgclass(context);
+                    if (value.isNil()){
+                        addValue = false;
+                    }
+                } else if (fieldType == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM) {
+                    typeClass = ((RubyEnumDescriptor) getDescriptorForField(context, fieldDescriptor)).enummodule(context);
+                    Descriptors.EnumDescriptor enumDescriptor = fieldDescriptor.getEnumType();
+                    if (Utils.isRubyNum(value)) {
+                        Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor val =
+                                enumDescriptor.findValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(RubyNumeric.num2int(value));
+                        if (val.getIndex() != -1) value = context.runtime.newSymbol(val.getName());
+                    }
+                }
+                if (addValue) {
+                    value = Utils.checkType(context, fieldType, value, (RubyModule) typeClass);
+                    this.fields.put(fieldDescriptor, value);
+                } else {
+                    this.fields.remove(fieldDescriptor);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    private String layoutInspect() {
+        ThreadContext context = getRuntime().getCurrentContext();
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fdef : descriptor.getFields()) {
+            sb.append(Utils.unescapeIdentifier(fdef.getName()));
+            sb.append(": ");
+            sb.append(getField(context, fdef).inspect());
+            sb.append(", ");
+        }
+        return sb.substring(0, sb.length() - 2);
+    }
+
+    private IRubyObject getDescriptorForField(ThreadContext context, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor) {
+        RubyDescriptor thisRbDescriptor = (RubyDescriptor) getDescriptor(context, metaClass);
+        return thisRbDescriptor.lookup(fieldDescriptor.getName()).getSubType(context);
+    }
+
+    private RubyRepeatedField rubyToRepeatedField(ThreadContext context,
+                                                  Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor, IRubyObject value) {
+        RubyArray arr = value.convertToArray();
+        RubyRepeatedField repeatedField = repeatedFieldForFieldDescriptor(context, fieldDescriptor);
+
+        RubyClass typeClass = null;
+        if (fieldDescriptor.getType() == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE) {
+            RubyDescriptor descriptor = (RubyDescriptor) getDescriptorForField(context, fieldDescriptor);
+            typeClass = (RubyClass) descriptor.msgclass(context);
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++) {
+            IRubyObject row = arr.eltInternal(i);
+            if (row instanceof RubyHash && typeClass != null) {
+                row = (IRubyObject) typeClass.newInstance(context, row, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+            }
+
+            repeatedField.push(context, row);
+        }
+        return repeatedField;
+    }
+
+    private RubyMap newMapForField(ThreadContext context, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor) {
+        RubyDescriptor mapDescriptor = (RubyDescriptor) getDescriptorForField(context, fieldDescriptor);
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor keyField = fieldDescriptor.getMessageType().findFieldByNumber(1);
+        Descriptors.FieldDescriptor valueField = fieldDescriptor.getMessageType().findFieldByNumber(2);
+        IRubyObject keyType = RubySymbol.newSymbol(context.runtime, keyField.getType().name());
+        IRubyObject valueType = RubySymbol.newSymbol(context.runtime, valueField.getType().name());
+        if (valueField.getType() == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE) {
+            RubyFieldDescriptor rubyFieldDescriptor = (RubyFieldDescriptor) mapDescriptor.lookup(context,
+                    context.runtime.newString("value"));
+            RubyDescriptor rubyDescriptor = (RubyDescriptor) rubyFieldDescriptor.getSubType(context);
+            return (RubyMap) cMap.newInstance(context, keyType, valueType,
+                    rubyDescriptor.msgclass(context), Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        } else {
+            return (RubyMap) cMap.newInstance(context, keyType, valueType, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Descriptors.FieldDescriptor getOneofCase(Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+        if (oneofCases.containsKey(oneof)) {
+            return oneofCases.get(oneof);
+        }
+        return builder.getOneofFieldDescriptor(oneof);
+    }
+
+    private Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor;
+    private DynamicMessage.Builder builder;
+    private RubyClass cRepeatedField;
+    private RubyClass cMap;
+    private Map<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, RubyRepeatedField> repeatedFields;
+    private Map<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, RubyMap> maps;
+    private Map<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, IRubyObject> fields;
+    private Map<Descriptors.OneofDescriptor, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor> oneofCases;
+
+    private static final int SINK_MAXIMUM_NESTING = 64;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyMessageBuilderContext.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyMessageBuilderContext.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a619b803c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyMessageBuilderContext.java
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
+import org.jruby.*;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
+import org.jruby.runtime.Binding;
+import org.jruby.runtime.Block;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ObjectAllocator;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+
+@JRubyClass(name = "MessageBuilderContext")
+public class RubyMessageBuilderContext extends RubyObject {
+    public static void createRubyMessageBuilderContext(Ruby runtime) {
+        RubyModule protobuf = runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf");
+        RubyClass cMessageBuilderContext = protobuf.defineClassUnder("MessageBuilderContext", runtime.getObject(), new ObjectAllocator() {
+            @Override
+            public IRubyObject allocate(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klazz) {
+                return new RubyMessageBuilderContext(runtime, klazz);
+            }
+        });
+        cMessageBuilderContext.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyMessageBuilderContext.class);
+    }
+
+    public RubyMessageBuilderContext(Ruby ruby, RubyClass klazz) {
+        super(ruby, klazz);
+    }
+
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject initialize(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject descriptor, IRubyObject rubyBuilder) {
+        this.cFieldDescriptor = (RubyClass) context.runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf::FieldDescriptor");
+        this.cDescriptor = (RubyClass) context.runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf::Descriptor");
+        this.cOneofDescriptor = (RubyClass) context.runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf::OneofDescriptor");
+        this.cOneofBuilderContext = (RubyClass) context.runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf::Internal::OneofBuilderContext");
+        this.descriptor = (RubyDescriptor) descriptor;
+        this.builder = (RubyBuilder) rubyBuilder;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     MessageBuilderContext.optional(name, type, number, type_class = nil)
+     *
+     * Defines a new optional field on this message type with the given type, tag
+     * number, and type class (for message and enum fields). The type must be a Ruby
+     * symbol (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#type=) and the type_class must be a
+     * string, if present (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#submsg_name=).
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(required = 3, optional = 1)
+    public IRubyObject optional(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        IRubyObject typeClass = runtime.getNil();
+        if (args.length > 3) typeClass = args[3];
+        msgdefAddField(context, "optional", args[0], args[1], args[2], typeClass);
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     MessageBuilderContext.required(name, type, number, type_class = nil)
+     *
+     * Defines a new required field on this message type with the given type, tag
+     * number, and type class (for message and enum fields). The type must be a Ruby
+     * symbol (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#type=) and the type_class must be a
+     * string, if present (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#submsg_name=).
+     *
+     * Proto3 does not have required fields, but this method exists for
+     * completeness. Any attempt to add a message type with required fields to a
+     * pool will currently result in an error.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(required = 3, optional = 1)
+    public IRubyObject required(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
+        IRubyObject typeClass = context.runtime.getNil();
+        if (args.length > 3) typeClass = args[3];
+        msgdefAddField(context, "required", args[0], args[1], args[2], typeClass);
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     MessageBuilderContext.repeated(name, type, number, type_class = nil)
+     *
+     * Defines a new repeated field on this message type with the given type, tag
+     * number, and type class (for message and enum fields). The type must be a Ruby
+     * symbol (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#type=) and the type_class must be a
+     * string, if present (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#submsg_name=).
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(required = 3, optional = 1)
+    public IRubyObject repeated(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
+        IRubyObject typeClass = context.runtime.getNil();
+        if (args.length > 3) typeClass = args[3];
+        msgdefAddField(context, "repeated", args[0], args[1], args[2], typeClass);
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     MessageBuilderContext.map(name, key_type, value_type, number,
+     *                               value_type_class = nil)
+     *
+     * Defines a new map field on this message type with the given key and value
+     * types, tag number, and type class (for message and enum value types). The key
+     * type must be :int32/:uint32/:int64/:uint64, :bool, or :string. The value type
+     * type must be a Ruby symbol (as accepted by FieldDescriptor#type=) and the
+     * type_class must be a string, if present (as accepted by
+     * FieldDescriptor#submsg_name=).
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(required = 4, optional = 1)
+    public IRubyObject map(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        IRubyObject name = args[0];
+        IRubyObject keyType = args[1];
+        IRubyObject valueType = args[2];
+        IRubyObject number = args[3];
+        IRubyObject typeClass = args.length > 4 ? args[4] : context.runtime.getNil();
+
+        // Validate the key type. We can't accept enums, messages, or floats/doubles
+        // as map keys. (We exclude these explicitly, and the field-descriptor setter
+        // below then ensures that the type is one of the remaining valid options.)
+        if (keyType.equals(RubySymbol.newSymbol(runtime, "float")) ||
+                keyType.equals(RubySymbol.newSymbol(runtime, "double")) ||
+                keyType.equals(RubySymbol.newSymbol(runtime, "enum")) ||
+                keyType.equals(RubySymbol.newSymbol(runtime, "message")))
+            throw runtime.newArgumentError("Cannot add a map field with a float, double, enum, or message type.");
+
+        // Create a new message descriptor for the map entry message, and create a
+        // repeated submessage field here with that type.
+        RubyDescriptor mapentryDesc = (RubyDescriptor) cDescriptor.newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        IRubyObject mapentryDescName = RubySymbol.newSymbol(runtime, name).id2name(context);
+        mapentryDesc.setName(context, mapentryDescName);
+        mapentryDesc.setMapEntry(true);
+
+        //optional <type> key = 1;
+        RubyFieldDescriptor keyField = (RubyFieldDescriptor) cFieldDescriptor.newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        keyField.setName(context, runtime.newString("key"));
+        keyField.setLabel(context, RubySymbol.newSymbol(runtime, "optional"));
+        keyField.setNumber(context, runtime.newFixnum(1));
+        keyField.setType(context, keyType);
+        mapentryDesc.addField(context, keyField);
+
+        //optional <type> value = 2;
+        RubyFieldDescriptor valueField = (RubyFieldDescriptor) cFieldDescriptor.newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        valueField.setName(context, runtime.newString("value"));
+        valueField.setLabel(context, RubySymbol.newSymbol(runtime, "optional"));
+        valueField.setNumber(context, runtime.newFixnum(2));
+        valueField.setType(context, valueType);
+        if (! typeClass.isNil()) valueField.setSubmsgName(context, typeClass);
+        mapentryDesc.addField(context, valueField);
+
+        // Add the map-entry message type to the current builder, and use the type to
+        // create the map field itself.
+        this.builder.pendingList.add(mapentryDesc);
+
+        msgdefAddField(context, "repeated", name, runtime.newSymbol("message"), number, mapentryDescName);
+        return runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject oneof(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject name, Block block) {
+        RubyOneofDescriptor oneofdef = (RubyOneofDescriptor)
+                cOneofDescriptor.newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        RubyOneofBuilderContext ctx = (RubyOneofBuilderContext)
+                cOneofBuilderContext.newInstance(context, oneofdef, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        oneofdef.setName(context, name);
+        Binding binding = block.getBinding();
+        binding.setSelf(ctx);
+        block.yieldSpecific(context);
+        descriptor.addOneof(context, oneofdef);
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    private void msgdefAddField(ThreadContext context, String label, IRubyObject name,
+                                IRubyObject type, IRubyObject number, IRubyObject typeClass) {
+        descriptor.addField(context,
+                Utils.msgdefCreateField(context, label, name, type, number, typeClass, cFieldDescriptor));
+    }
+
+    private RubyDescriptor descriptor;
+    private RubyBuilder builder;
+    private RubyClass cFieldDescriptor;
+    private RubyClass cOneofDescriptor;
+    private RubyClass cOneofBuilderContext;
+    private RubyClass cDescriptor;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyOneofBuilderContext.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyOneofBuilderContext.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9b99e048
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyOneofBuilderContext.java
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import org.jruby.Ruby;
+import org.jruby.RubyClass;
+import org.jruby.RubyModule;
+import org.jruby.RubyObject;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ObjectAllocator;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+
+@JRubyClass(name = "OneofBuilderContext")
+public class RubyOneofBuilderContext extends RubyObject {
+    public static void createRubyOneofBuilderContext(Ruby runtime) {
+        RubyModule protobuf = runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf");
+        RubyModule internal = protobuf.defineModuleUnder("Internal");
+        RubyClass cRubyOneofBuidlerContext = internal.defineClassUnder("OneofBuilderContext", runtime.getObject(), new ObjectAllocator() {
+            @Override
+            public IRubyObject allocate(Ruby ruby, RubyClass rubyClass) {
+                return new RubyOneofBuilderContext(ruby, rubyClass);
+            }
+        });
+        cRubyOneofBuidlerContext.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyOneofBuilderContext.class);
+    }
+
+    public RubyOneofBuilderContext(Ruby ruby, RubyClass rubyClass) {
+        super(ruby, rubyClass);
+    }
+
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject initialize(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject oneofdef) {
+        this.descriptor = (RubyOneofDescriptor) oneofdef;
+        this.cFieldDescriptor = (RubyClass) context.runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf::FieldDescriptor");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @JRubyMethod(required = 3, optional = 1)
+    public IRubyObject optional(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
+        IRubyObject name = args[0];
+        IRubyObject type = args[1];
+        IRubyObject number = args[2];
+        IRubyObject typeClass = args.length > 3 ? args[3] : context.runtime.getNil();
+        RubyFieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor = Utils.msgdefCreateField(context, "optional",
+                name, type, number, typeClass, cFieldDescriptor);
+        descriptor.addField(context, fieldDescriptor);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private RubyOneofDescriptor descriptor;
+    private RubyClass cFieldDescriptor;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyOneofDescriptor.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyOneofDescriptor.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc4ab6628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyOneofDescriptor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
+import org.jruby.Ruby;
+import org.jruby.RubyClass;
+import org.jruby.RubyModule;
+import org.jruby.RubyObject;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
+import org.jruby.runtime.Block;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ObjectAllocator;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+@JRubyClass(name = "OneofDescriptor", include = "Enumerable")
+public class RubyOneofDescriptor extends RubyObject {
+
+    public static void createRubyOneofDescriptor(Ruby runtime) {
+        RubyModule protobuf = runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf");
+        RubyClass cRubyOneofDescriptor = protobuf.defineClassUnder("OneofDescriptor", runtime.getObject(), new ObjectAllocator() {
+            @Override
+            public IRubyObject allocate(Ruby ruby, RubyClass rubyClass) {
+                return new RubyOneofDescriptor(ruby, rubyClass);
+            }
+        });
+        cRubyOneofDescriptor.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyOneofDescriptor.class);
+        cRubyOneofDescriptor.includeModule(runtime.getEnumerable());
+    }
+
+    public RubyOneofDescriptor(Ruby ruby, RubyClass rubyClass) {
+        super(ruby, rubyClass);
+    }
+
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject initialize(ThreadContext context) {
+        builder = DescriptorProtos.OneofDescriptorProto.newBuilder();
+        fields = new ArrayList<RubyFieldDescriptor>();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     OneofDescriptor.name => name
+     *
+     * Returns the name of this oneof.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "name")
+    public IRubyObject getName(ThreadContext context) {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     OneofDescriptor.name = name
+     *
+     * Sets a new name for this oneof. The oneof must not have been added to a
+     * message descriptor yet.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "name=")
+    public IRubyObject setName(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject name) {
+        this.name = context.runtime.newString(name.asJavaString());
+        this.builder.setName(name.asJavaString());
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     OneofDescriptor.add_field(field) => nil
+     *
+     * Adds a field to this oneof. The field may have been added to this oneof in
+     * the past, or the message to which this oneof belongs (if any), but may not
+     * have already been added to any other oneof or message. Otherwise, an
+     * exception is raised.
+     *
+     * All fields added to the oneof via this method will be automatically added to
+     * the message to which this oneof belongs, if it belongs to one currently, or
+     * else will be added to any message to which the oneof is later added at the
+     * time that it is added.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "add_field")
+    public IRubyObject addField(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject obj) {
+        RubyFieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor = (RubyFieldDescriptor) obj;
+        fieldDescriptor.setOneofName(this.name);
+        fields.add(fieldDescriptor);
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     OneofDescriptor.each(&block) => nil
+     *
+     * Iterates through fields in this oneof, yielding to the block on each one.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject each(ThreadContext context, Block block) {
+        for (RubyFieldDescriptor field : fields) {
+            block.yieldSpecific(context, field);
+        }
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    public DescriptorProtos.OneofDescriptorProto build(int index) {
+        for (RubyFieldDescriptor field: fields) {
+            field.setOneofIndex(index);
+        }
+        return this.builder.build();
+    }
+
+    protected Collection<RubyFieldDescriptor> getFields() {
+        return fields;
+    }
+
+    protected Descriptors.OneofDescriptor getOneofDescriptor() {
+        RubyFieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor = fields.get(0);
+        return fieldDescriptor.getFieldDef().getContainingOneof();
+    }
+
+    private IRubyObject name;
+    private DescriptorProtos.OneofDescriptorProto.Builder builder;
+    private List<RubyFieldDescriptor> fields;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyProtobuf.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyProtobuf.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2cf210d26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyProtobuf.java
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import org.jruby.Ruby;
+import org.jruby.RubyModule;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyModule;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+
+@JRubyModule(name = "Protobuf")
+public class RubyProtobuf {
+
+    public static void createProtobuf(Ruby runtime) {
+        RubyModule mGoogle = runtime.getModule("Google");
+        RubyModule mProtobuf = mGoogle.defineModuleUnder("Protobuf");
+        mProtobuf.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyProtobuf.class);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     Google::Protobuf.deep_copy(obj) => copy_of_obj
+     *
+     * Performs a deep copy of either a RepeatedField instance or a message object,
+     * recursively copying its members.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "deep_copy", meta = true)
+    public static IRubyObject deepCopy(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject self, IRubyObject message) {
+        if (message instanceof RubyMessage) {
+            return ((RubyMessage) message).deepCopy(context);
+        } else if (message instanceof RubyRepeatedField) {
+            return ((RubyRepeatedField) message).deepCopy(context);
+        } else {
+            return ((RubyMap) message).deepCopy(context);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyRepeatedField.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyRepeatedField.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae2907a98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/RubyRepeatedField.java
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
+import org.jruby.*;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
+import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
+import org.jruby.runtime.Block;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ObjectAllocator;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+@JRubyClass(name = "RepeatedClass", include = "Enumerable")
+public class RubyRepeatedField extends RubyObject {
+    public static void createRubyRepeatedField(Ruby runtime) {
+        RubyModule mProtobuf = runtime.getClassFromPath("Google::Protobuf");
+        RubyClass cRepeatedField = mProtobuf.defineClassUnder("RepeatedField", runtime.getObject(),
+                new ObjectAllocator() {
+                    @Override
+                    public IRubyObject allocate(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klazz) {
+                        return new RubyRepeatedField(runtime, klazz);
+                    }
+                });
+        cRepeatedField.defineAnnotatedMethods(RubyRepeatedField.class);
+        cRepeatedField.includeModule(runtime.getEnumerable());
+    }
+
+    public RubyRepeatedField(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klazz) {
+        super(runtime, klazz);
+    }
+
+    public RubyRepeatedField(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klazz, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type fieldType, IRubyObject typeClass) {
+        this(runtime, klazz);
+        this.fieldType = fieldType;
+        this.storage = runtime.newArray();
+        this.typeClass = typeClass;
+    }
+
+    @JRubyMethod(required = 1, optional = 2)
+    public IRubyObject initialize(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        this.storage = runtime.newArray();
+        IRubyObject ary = null;
+        if (!(args[0] instanceof RubySymbol)) {
+            throw runtime.newArgumentError("Expected Symbol for type name");
+        }
+        this.fieldType = Utils.rubyToFieldType(args[0]);
+        if (fieldType == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE
+                || fieldType == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM) {
+            if (args.length < 2)
+                throw runtime.newArgumentError("Expected at least 2 arguments for message/enum");
+            typeClass = args[1];
+            if (args.length > 2)
+                ary = args[2];
+            Utils.validateTypeClass(context, fieldType, typeClass);
+        } else {
+            if (args.length > 2)
+                throw runtime.newArgumentError("Too many arguments: expected 1 or 2");
+            if (args.length > 1)
+                ary = args[1];
+        }
+        if (ary != null) {
+            RubyArray arr = ary.convertToArray();
+            for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++) {
+                this.storage.add(arr.eltInternal(i));
+            }
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     RepeatedField.[]=(index, value)
+     *
+     * Sets the element at the given index. On out-of-bounds assignments, extends
+     * the array and fills the hole (if any) with default values.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "[]=")
+    public IRubyObject indexSet(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject index, IRubyObject value) {
+        int arrIndex = normalizeArrayIndex(index);
+        value = Utils.checkType(context, fieldType, value, (RubyModule) typeClass);
+        IRubyObject defaultValue = defaultValue(context);
+        for (int i = this.storage.size(); i < arrIndex; i++) {
+            this.storage.set(i, defaultValue);
+        }
+        this.storage.set(arrIndex, value);
+        return context.runtime.getNil();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     RepeatedField.[](index) => value
+     *
+     * Accesses the element at the given index. Returns nil on out-of-bounds
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(required=1, optional=1, name = {"at", "[]"})
+    public IRubyObject index(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
+        if (args.length == 1){
+            IRubyObject arg = args[0];
+            if (Utils.isRubyNum(arg)) {
+                /* standard case */
+                int arrIndex = normalizeArrayIndex(arg);
+                if (arrIndex < 0 || arrIndex >= this.storage.size()) {
+                    return context.runtime.getNil();
+                }
+                return this.storage.eltInternal(arrIndex);
+            } else if (arg instanceof RubyRange) {
+                RubyRange range = ((RubyRange) arg);
+                int beg = RubyNumeric.num2int(range.first(context));
+                int to = RubyNumeric.num2int(range.last(context));
+                int len = to - beg + 1;
+                return this.storage.subseq(beg, len);
+            }
+        }
+        /* assume 2 arguments */
+        int beg = RubyNumeric.num2int(args[0]);
+        int len = RubyNumeric.num2int(args[1]);
+        if (beg < 0) {
+            beg += this.storage.size();
+        }
+        if (beg >= this.storage.size()) {
+            return context.runtime.getNil();
+        }
+        return this.storage.subseq(beg, len);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     RepeatedField.push(value)
+     *
+     * Adds a new element to the repeated field.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = {"push", "<<"})
+    public IRubyObject push(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject value) {
+        if (!(fieldType == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE &&
+            value == context.runtime.getNil())) {
+            value = Utils.checkType(context, fieldType, value, (RubyModule) typeClass);
+        }
+        this.storage.add(value);
+        return this.storage;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * private Ruby method used by RepeatedField.pop
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(visibility = org.jruby.runtime.Visibility.PRIVATE)
+    public IRubyObject pop_one(ThreadContext context) {
+        IRubyObject ret = this.storage.last();
+        this.storage.remove(ret);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     RepeatedField.replace(list)
+     *
+     * Replaces the contents of the repeated field with the given list of elements.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject replace(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject list) {
+        RubyArray arr = (RubyArray) list;
+        checkArrayElementType(context, arr);
+        this.storage = arr;
+        return this.storage;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     RepeatedField.clear
+     *
+     * Clears (removes all elements from) this repeated field.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject clear(ThreadContext context) {
+        this.storage.clear();
+        return this.storage;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     RepeatedField.length
+     *
+     * Returns the length of this repeated field.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = {"length", "size"})
+    public IRubyObject length(ThreadContext context) {
+        return context.runtime.newFixnum(this.storage.size());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     RepeatedField.+(other) => repeated field
+     *
+     * Returns a new repeated field that contains the concatenated list of this
+     * repeated field's elements and other's elements. The other (second) list may
+     * be either another repeated field or a Ruby array.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = {"+"})
+    public IRubyObject plus(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject list) {
+        RubyRepeatedField dup = (RubyRepeatedField) dup(context);
+        if (list instanceof RubyArray) {
+            checkArrayElementType(context, (RubyArray) list);
+            dup.storage.addAll((RubyArray) list);
+        } else {
+            RubyRepeatedField repeatedField = (RubyRepeatedField) list;
+            if (! fieldType.equals(repeatedField.fieldType) || (typeClass != null && !
+                    typeClass.equals(repeatedField.typeClass)))
+                throw context.runtime.newArgumentError("Attempt to append RepeatedField with different element type.");
+            dup.storage.addAll((RubyArray) repeatedField.toArray(context));
+        }
+        return dup;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     RepeatedField.concat(other) => self
+     *
+     * concats the passed in array to self.  Returns a Ruby array.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject concat(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject list) {
+        if (list instanceof RubyArray) {
+            checkArrayElementType(context, (RubyArray) list);
+            this.storage.addAll((RubyArray) list);
+        } else {
+            RubyRepeatedField repeatedField = (RubyRepeatedField) list;
+            if (! fieldType.equals(repeatedField.fieldType) || (typeClass != null && !
+                    typeClass.equals(repeatedField.typeClass)))
+                throw context.runtime.newArgumentError("Attempt to append RepeatedField with different element type.");
+            this.storage.addAll((RubyArray) repeatedField.toArray(context));
+        }
+        return this.storage;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     RepeatedField.hash => hash_value
+     *
+     * Returns a hash value computed from this repeated field's elements.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject hash(ThreadContext context) {
+        int hashCode = this.storage.hashCode();
+        return context.runtime.newFixnum(hashCode);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     RepeatedField.==(other) => boolean
+     *
+     * Compares this repeated field to another. Repeated fields are equal if their
+     * element types are equal, their lengths are equal, and each element is equal.
+     * Elements are compared as per normal Ruby semantics, by calling their :==
+     * methods (or performing a more efficient comparison for primitive types).
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "==")
+    public IRubyObject eq(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject other) {
+        return this.toArray(context).op_equal(context, other);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     RepeatedField.each(&block)
+     *
+     * Invokes the block once for each element of the repeated field. RepeatedField
+     * also includes Enumerable; combined with this method, the repeated field thus
+     * acts like an ordinary Ruby sequence.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject each(ThreadContext context, Block block) {
+        this.storage.each(context, block);
+        return this.storage;
+    }
+
+
+    @JRubyMethod(name = {"to_ary", "to_a"})
+    public IRubyObject toArray(ThreadContext context) {
+        return this.storage;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * call-seq:
+     *     RepeatedField.dup => repeated_field
+     *
+     * Duplicates this repeated field with a shallow copy. References to all
+     * non-primitive element objects (e.g., submessages) are shared.
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod
+    public IRubyObject dup(ThreadContext context) {
+        RubyRepeatedField dup = new RubyRepeatedField(context.runtime, metaClass, fieldType, typeClass);
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.storage.size(); i++) {
+            dup.push(context, this.storage.eltInternal(i));
+        }
+        return dup;
+    }
+
+    // Java API
+    protected IRubyObject get(int index) {
+        return this.storage.eltInternal(index);
+    }
+
+    protected RubyRepeatedField deepCopy(ThreadContext context) {
+        RubyRepeatedField copy = new RubyRepeatedField(context.runtime, metaClass, fieldType, typeClass);
+        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
+            IRubyObject value = storage.eltInternal(i);
+            if (fieldType == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE) {
+                copy.storage.add(((RubyMessage) value).deepCopy(context));
+            } else {
+                copy.storage.add(value);
+            }
+        }
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    protected int size() {
+        return this.storage.size();
+    }
+
+    private IRubyObject defaultValue(ThreadContext context) {
+        SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel sentinel = SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel.getDefaultInstance();
+        Object value;
+        switch (fieldType) {
+            case INT32:
+                value = sentinel.getDefaultInt32();
+                break;
+            case INT64:
+                value = sentinel.getDefaultInt64();
+                break;
+            case UINT32:
+                value = sentinel.getDefaultUnit32();
+                break;
+            case UINT64:
+                value = sentinel.getDefaultUint64();
+                break;
+            case FLOAT:
+                value = sentinel.getDefaultFloat();
+                break;
+            case DOUBLE:
+                value = sentinel.getDefaultDouble();
+                break;
+            case BOOL:
+                value = sentinel.getDefaultBool();
+                break;
+            case BYTES:
+                value = sentinel.getDefaultBytes();
+                break;
+            case STRING:
+                value = sentinel.getDefaultString();
+                break;
+            case ENUM:
+                IRubyObject defaultEnumLoc = context.runtime.newFixnum(0);
+                return RubyEnum.lookup(context, typeClass, defaultEnumLoc);
+            default:
+                return context.runtime.getNil();
+        }
+        return Utils.wrapPrimaryValue(context, fieldType, value);
+    }
+
+    private void checkArrayElementType(ThreadContext context, RubyArray arr) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < arr.getLength(); i++) {
+            Utils.checkType(context, fieldType, arr.eltInternal(i), (RubyModule) typeClass);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int normalizeArrayIndex(IRubyObject index) {
+        int arrIndex = RubyNumeric.num2int(index);
+        int arrSize = this.storage.size();
+        if (arrIndex < 0 && arrSize > 0) {
+            arrIndex = arrSize + arrIndex;
+        }
+        return arrIndex;
+    }
+
+    private RubyArray storage;
+    private Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type fieldType;
+    private IRubyObject typeClass;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/SentinelOuterClass.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/SentinelOuterClass.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3f23c5d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/SentinelOuterClass.java
@@ -0,0 +1,776 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: sentinel.proto
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+public final class SentinelOuterClass {
+  private SentinelOuterClass() {}
+  public static void registerAllExtensions(
+      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {
+  }
+  public interface SentinelOrBuilder extends
+      // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:com.google.protobuf.jruby.Sentinel)
+      com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
+
+    /**
+     * <code>optional int32 default_int32 = 1;</code>
+     */
+    int getDefaultInt32();
+
+    /**
+     * <code>optional int64 default_int64 = 2;</code>
+     */
+    long getDefaultInt64();
+
+    /**
+     * <code>optional uint32 default_unit32 = 3;</code>
+     */
+    int getDefaultUnit32();
+
+    /**
+     * <code>optional uint64 default_uint64 = 4;</code>
+     */
+    long getDefaultUint64();
+
+    /**
+     * <code>optional string default_string = 5;</code>
+     */
+    java.lang.String getDefaultString();
+    /**
+     * <code>optional string default_string = 5;</code>
+     */
+    com.google.protobuf.ByteString
+        getDefaultStringBytes();
+
+    /**
+     * <code>optional bool default_bool = 6;</code>
+     */
+    boolean getDefaultBool();
+
+    /**
+     * <code>optional float default_float = 7;</code>
+     */
+    float getDefaultFloat();
+
+    /**
+     * <code>optional double default_double = 8;</code>
+     */
+    double getDefaultDouble();
+
+    /**
+     * <code>optional bytes default_bytes = 9;</code>
+     */
+    com.google.protobuf.ByteString getDefaultBytes();
+  }
+  /**
+   * Protobuf type {@code com.google.protobuf.jruby.Sentinel}
+   */
+  public  static final class Sentinel extends
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage implements
+      // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:com.google.protobuf.jruby.Sentinel)
+      SentinelOrBuilder {
+    // Use Sentinel.newBuilder() to construct.
+    private Sentinel(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder builder) {
+      super(builder);
+    }
+    private Sentinel() {
+      defaultInt32_ = 0;
+      defaultInt64_ = 0L;
+      defaultUnit32_ = 0;
+      defaultUint64_ = 0L;
+      defaultString_ = "";
+      defaultBool_ = false;
+      defaultFloat_ = 0F;
+      defaultDouble_ = 0D;
+      defaultBytes_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
+    }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet
+    getUnknownFields() {
+      return com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance();
+    }
+    public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+        getDescriptor() {
+      return com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.internal_static_com_google_protobuf_jruby_Sentinel_descriptor;
+    }
+
+    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable
+        internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+      return com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.internal_static_com_google_protobuf_jruby_Sentinel_fieldAccessorTable
+          .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
+              com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel.class, com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel.Builder.class);
+    }
+
+    public static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<Sentinel> PARSER =
+        new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<Sentinel>() {
+      public Sentinel parsePartialFrom(
+          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        Builder builder = newBuilder();
+        try {
+          builder.mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+        } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+          throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+        } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+          throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+              e.getMessage()).setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
+        }
+        return builder.buildPartial();
+      }
+    };
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public com.google.protobuf.Parser<Sentinel> getParserForType() {
+      return PARSER;
+    }
+
+    public static final int DEFAULT_INT32_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
+    private int defaultInt32_;
+    /**
+     * <code>optional int32 default_int32 = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public int getDefaultInt32() {
+      return defaultInt32_;
+    }
+
+    public static final int DEFAULT_INT64_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
+    private long defaultInt64_;
+    /**
+     * <code>optional int64 default_int64 = 2;</code>
+     */
+    public long getDefaultInt64() {
+      return defaultInt64_;
+    }
+
+    public static final int DEFAULT_UNIT32_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
+    private int defaultUnit32_;
+    /**
+     * <code>optional uint32 default_unit32 = 3;</code>
+     */
+    public int getDefaultUnit32() {
+      return defaultUnit32_;
+    }
+
+    public static final int DEFAULT_UINT64_FIELD_NUMBER = 4;
+    private long defaultUint64_;
+    /**
+     * <code>optional uint64 default_uint64 = 4;</code>
+     */
+    public long getDefaultUint64() {
+      return defaultUint64_;
+    }
+
+    public static final int DEFAULT_STRING_FIELD_NUMBER = 5;
+    private java.lang.Object defaultString_;
+    /**
+     * <code>optional string default_string = 5;</code>
+     */
+    public java.lang.String getDefaultString() {
+      java.lang.Object ref = defaultString_;
+      if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
+        return (java.lang.String) ref;
+      } else {
+        com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
+            (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
+        java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
+        if (bs.isValidUtf8()) {
+          defaultString_ = s;
+        }
+        return s;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>optional string default_string = 5;</code>
+     */
+    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
+        getDefaultStringBytes() {
+      java.lang.Object ref = defaultString_;
+      if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
+        com.google.protobuf.ByteString b =
+            com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
+                (java.lang.String) ref);
+        defaultString_ = b;
+        return b;
+      } else {
+        return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
+      }
+    }
+
+    public static final int DEFAULT_BOOL_FIELD_NUMBER = 6;
+    private boolean defaultBool_;
+    /**
+     * <code>optional bool default_bool = 6;</code>
+     */
+    public boolean getDefaultBool() {
+      return defaultBool_;
+    }
+
+    public static final int DEFAULT_FLOAT_FIELD_NUMBER = 7;
+    private float defaultFloat_;
+    /**
+     * <code>optional float default_float = 7;</code>
+     */
+    public float getDefaultFloat() {
+      return defaultFloat_;
+    }
+
+    public static final int DEFAULT_DOUBLE_FIELD_NUMBER = 8;
+    private double defaultDouble_;
+    /**
+     * <code>optional double default_double = 8;</code>
+     */
+    public double getDefaultDouble() {
+      return defaultDouble_;
+    }
+
+    public static final int DEFAULT_BYTES_FIELD_NUMBER = 9;
+    private com.google.protobuf.ByteString defaultBytes_;
+    /**
+     * <code>optional bytes default_bytes = 9;</code>
+     */
+    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getDefaultBytes() {
+      return defaultBytes_;
+    }
+
+    public static com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel parseFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+    }
+    public static com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel parseFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+    public static com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel parseFrom(byte[] data)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+    }
+    public static com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel parseFrom(
+        byte[] data,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+    public static com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(input);
+    }
+    public static com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel parseFrom(
+        java.io.InputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+    public static com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      return PARSER.parseDelimitedFrom(input);
+    }
+    public static com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel parseDelimitedFrom(
+        java.io.InputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      return PARSER.parseDelimitedFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+    public static com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel parseFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(input);
+    }
+    public static com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel parseFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    public static Builder newBuilder() { return new Builder(); }
+    public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
+    public static Builder newBuilder(com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel prototype) {
+      return newBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
+    }
+    public Builder toBuilder() { return newBuilder(this); }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    protected Builder newBuilderForType(
+        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+      Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
+      return builder;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Protobuf type {@code com.google.protobuf.jruby.Sentinel}
+     */
+    public static final class Builder extends
+        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<Builder> implements
+        // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:com.google.protobuf.jruby.Sentinel)
+        com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.SentinelOrBuilder {
+      public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+          getDescriptor() {
+        return com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.internal_static_com_google_protobuf_jruby_Sentinel_descriptor;
+      }
+
+      protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable
+          internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+        return com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.internal_static_com_google_protobuf_jruby_Sentinel_fieldAccessorTable
+            .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
+                com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel.class, com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel.Builder.class);
+      }
+
+      // Construct using com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel.newBuilder()
+      private Builder() {
+        maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
+      }
+
+      private Builder(
+          com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+        super(parent);
+        maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
+      }
+      private void maybeForceBuilderInitialization() {
+        if (com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.alwaysUseFieldBuilders) {
+        }
+      }
+      public Builder clear() {
+        super.clear();
+        defaultInt32_ = 0;
+
+        defaultInt64_ = 0L;
+
+        defaultUnit32_ = 0;
+
+        defaultUint64_ = 0L;
+
+        defaultString_ = "";
+
+        defaultBool_ = false;
+
+        defaultFloat_ = 0F;
+
+        defaultDouble_ = 0D;
+
+        defaultBytes_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
+
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+          getDescriptorForType() {
+        return com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.internal_static_com_google_protobuf_jruby_Sentinel_descriptor;
+      }
+
+      public com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+        return com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel.getDefaultInstance();
+      }
+
+      public com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel build() {
+        com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel result = buildPartial();
+        if (!result.isInitialized()) {
+          throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      public com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel buildPartial() {
+        com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel result = new com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel(this);
+        result.defaultInt32_ = defaultInt32_;
+        result.defaultInt64_ = defaultInt64_;
+        result.defaultUnit32_ = defaultUnit32_;
+        result.defaultUint64_ = defaultUint64_;
+        result.defaultString_ = defaultString_;
+        result.defaultBool_ = defaultBool_;
+        result.defaultFloat_ = defaultFloat_;
+        result.defaultDouble_ = defaultDouble_;
+        result.defaultBytes_ = defaultBytes_;
+        onBuilt();
+        return result;
+      }
+
+
+      private int defaultInt32_ ;
+      /**
+       * <code>optional int32 default_int32 = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public int getDefaultInt32() {
+        return defaultInt32_;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional int32 default_int32 = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder setDefaultInt32(int value) {
+
+        defaultInt32_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional int32 default_int32 = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder clearDefaultInt32() {
+
+        defaultInt32_ = 0;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      private long defaultInt64_ ;
+      /**
+       * <code>optional int64 default_int64 = 2;</code>
+       */
+      public long getDefaultInt64() {
+        return defaultInt64_;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional int64 default_int64 = 2;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder setDefaultInt64(long value) {
+
+        defaultInt64_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional int64 default_int64 = 2;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder clearDefaultInt64() {
+
+        defaultInt64_ = 0L;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      private int defaultUnit32_ ;
+      /**
+       * <code>optional uint32 default_unit32 = 3;</code>
+       */
+      public int getDefaultUnit32() {
+        return defaultUnit32_;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional uint32 default_unit32 = 3;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder setDefaultUnit32(int value) {
+
+        defaultUnit32_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional uint32 default_unit32 = 3;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder clearDefaultUnit32() {
+
+        defaultUnit32_ = 0;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      private long defaultUint64_ ;
+      /**
+       * <code>optional uint64 default_uint64 = 4;</code>
+       */
+      public long getDefaultUint64() {
+        return defaultUint64_;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional uint64 default_uint64 = 4;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder setDefaultUint64(long value) {
+
+        defaultUint64_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional uint64 default_uint64 = 4;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder clearDefaultUint64() {
+
+        defaultUint64_ = 0L;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      private java.lang.Object defaultString_ = "";
+      /**
+       * <code>optional string default_string = 5;</code>
+       */
+      public java.lang.String getDefaultString() {
+        java.lang.Object ref = defaultString_;
+        if (!(ref instanceof java.lang.String)) {
+          com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
+              (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
+          java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
+          if (bs.isValidUtf8()) {
+            defaultString_ = s;
+          }
+          return s;
+        } else {
+          return (java.lang.String) ref;
+        }
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional string default_string = 5;</code>
+       */
+      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
+          getDefaultStringBytes() {
+        java.lang.Object ref = defaultString_;
+        if (ref instanceof String) {
+          com.google.protobuf.ByteString b =
+              com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
+                  (java.lang.String) ref);
+          defaultString_ = b;
+          return b;
+        } else {
+          return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
+        }
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional string default_string = 5;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder setDefaultString(
+          java.lang.String value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+    throw new NullPointerException();
+  }
+
+        defaultString_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional string default_string = 5;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder clearDefaultString() {
+
+        defaultString_ = getDefaultInstance().getDefaultString();
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional string default_string = 5;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder setDefaultStringBytes(
+          com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+    throw new NullPointerException();
+  }
+
+        defaultString_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      private boolean defaultBool_ ;
+      /**
+       * <code>optional bool default_bool = 6;</code>
+       */
+      public boolean getDefaultBool() {
+        return defaultBool_;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional bool default_bool = 6;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder setDefaultBool(boolean value) {
+
+        defaultBool_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional bool default_bool = 6;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder clearDefaultBool() {
+
+        defaultBool_ = false;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      private float defaultFloat_ ;
+      /**
+       * <code>optional float default_float = 7;</code>
+       */
+      public float getDefaultFloat() {
+        return defaultFloat_;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional float default_float = 7;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder setDefaultFloat(float value) {
+
+        defaultFloat_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional float default_float = 7;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder clearDefaultFloat() {
+
+        defaultFloat_ = 0F;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      private double defaultDouble_ ;
+      /**
+       * <code>optional double default_double = 8;</code>
+       */
+      public double getDefaultDouble() {
+        return defaultDouble_;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional double default_double = 8;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder setDefaultDouble(double value) {
+
+        defaultDouble_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional double default_double = 8;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder clearDefaultDouble() {
+
+        defaultDouble_ = 0D;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      private com.google.protobuf.ByteString defaultBytes_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
+      /**
+       * <code>optional bytes default_bytes = 9;</code>
+       */
+      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getDefaultBytes() {
+        return defaultBytes_;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional bytes default_bytes = 9;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder setDefaultBytes(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+    throw new NullPointerException();
+  }
+
+        defaultBytes_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>optional bytes default_bytes = 9;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder clearDefaultBytes() {
+
+        defaultBytes_ = getDefaultInstance().getDefaultBytes();
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      public final Builder setUnknownFields(
+          final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
+          final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+        return this;
+      }
+
+
+      // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:com.google.protobuf.jruby.Sentinel)
+    }
+
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:com.google.protobuf.jruby.Sentinel)
+    private static final com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel defaultInstance;static {
+      defaultInstance = new com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel();
+    }
+
+    public static com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel getDefaultInstance() {
+      return defaultInstance;
+    }
+
+    public com.google.protobuf.jruby.SentinelOuterClass.Sentinel getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+      return defaultInstance;
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+    internal_static_com_google_protobuf_jruby_Sentinel_descriptor;
+  private static
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable
+      internal_static_com_google_protobuf_jruby_Sentinel_fieldAccessorTable;
+
+  public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
+      getDescriptor() {
+    return descriptor;
+  }
+  private static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
+      descriptor;
+  static {
+    java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
+      "\n\016sentinel.proto\022\031com.google.protobuf.jr" +
+      "uby\"\334\001\n\010Sentinel\022\025\n\rdefault_int32\030\001 \001(\005\022" +
+      "\025\n\rdefault_int64\030\002 \001(\003\022\026\n\016default_unit32" +
+      "\030\003 \001(\r\022\026\n\016default_uint64\030\004 \001(\004\022\026\n\016defaul" +
+      "t_string\030\005 \001(\t\022\024\n\014default_bool\030\006 \001(\010\022\025\n\r" +
+      "default_float\030\007 \001(\002\022\026\n\016default_double\030\010 " +
+      "\001(\001\022\025\n\rdefault_bytes\030\t \001(\014B\002H\002b\006proto3"
+    };
+    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.InternalDescriptorAssigner assigner =
+        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.    InternalDescriptorAssigner() {
+          public com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry assignDescriptors(
+              com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor root) {
+            descriptor = root;
+            return null;
+          }
+        };
+    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
+      .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
+        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
+        }, assigner);
+    internal_static_com_google_protobuf_jruby_Sentinel_descriptor =
+      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
+    internal_static_com_google_protobuf_jruby_Sentinel_fieldAccessorTable = new
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable(
+        internal_static_com_google_protobuf_jruby_Sentinel_descriptor,
+        new java.lang.String[] { "DefaultInt32", "DefaultInt64", "DefaultUnit32", "DefaultUint64", "DefaultString", "DefaultBool", "DefaultFloat", "DefaultDouble", "DefaultBytes", });
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/Utils.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/Utils.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f199feb96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/jruby/Utils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
+import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
+import org.jcodings.Encoding;
+import org.jcodings.specific.ASCIIEncoding;
+import org.jcodings.specific.USASCIIEncoding;
+import org.jcodings.specific.UTF8Encoding;
+import org.jruby.*;
+import org.jruby.runtime.Block;
+import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
+import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+
+public class Utils {
+    public static Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type rubyToFieldType(IRubyObject typeClass) {
+        return Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.valueOf(typeClass.asJavaString().toUpperCase());
+    }
+
+    public static IRubyObject fieldTypeToRuby(ThreadContext context, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type type) {
+        return fieldTypeToRuby(context, type.name());
+    }
+
+    public static IRubyObject fieldTypeToRuby(ThreadContext context, DescriptorProtos.FieldDescriptorProto.Type type) {
+        return fieldTypeToRuby(context, type.name());
+    }
+
+    private static IRubyObject fieldTypeToRuby(ThreadContext context, String typeName) {
+
+        return context.runtime.newSymbol(typeName.replace("TYPE_", "").toLowerCase());
+    }
+
+    public static IRubyObject checkType(ThreadContext context, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type fieldType,
+                                        IRubyObject value, RubyModule typeClass) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        Object val;
+        switch(fieldType) {
+            case INT32:
+            case INT64:
+            case UINT32:
+            case UINT64:
+                if (!isRubyNum(value)) {
+                    throw runtime.newTypeError("Expected number type for integral field.");
+                }
+                switch(fieldType) {
+                    case INT32:
+                        RubyNumeric.num2int(value);
+                        break;
+                    case INT64:
+                        RubyNumeric.num2long(value);
+                        break;
+                    case UINT32:
+                        num2uint(value);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        num2ulong(context.runtime, value);
+                        break;
+                }
+                checkIntTypePrecision(context, fieldType, value);
+                break;
+            case FLOAT:
+                if (!isRubyNum(value))
+                    throw runtime.newTypeError("Expected number type for float field.");
+                break;
+            case DOUBLE:
+                if (!isRubyNum(value))
+                    throw runtime.newTypeError("Expected number type for double field.");
+                break;
+            case BOOL:
+                if (!(value instanceof RubyBoolean))
+                    throw runtime.newTypeError("Invalid argument for boolean field.");
+                break;
+            case BYTES:
+            case STRING:
+                value = validateStringEncoding(context, fieldType, value);
+                break;
+            case MESSAGE:
+                if (value.getMetaClass() != typeClass) {
+                    throw runtime.newTypeError(value, typeClass);
+                }
+                break;
+            case ENUM:
+                if (value instanceof RubySymbol) {
+                    Descriptors.EnumDescriptor enumDescriptor =
+                            ((RubyEnumDescriptor) typeClass.getInstanceVariable(DESCRIPTOR_INSTANCE_VAR)).getDescriptor();
+                    val = enumDescriptor.findValueByName(value.asJavaString());
+                    if (val == null)
+                        throw runtime.newRangeError("Enum value " + value + " is not found.");
+                } else if(!isRubyNum(value)) {
+                    throw runtime.newTypeError("Expected number or symbol type for enum field.");
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    public static IRubyObject wrapPrimaryValue(ThreadContext context, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type fieldType, Object value) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        switch (fieldType) {
+            case INT32:
+                return runtime.newFixnum((Integer) value);
+            case INT64:
+                return runtime.newFixnum((Long) value);
+            case UINT32:
+                return runtime.newFixnum(((Integer) value) & (-1l >>> 32));
+            case UINT64:
+                long ret = (Long) value;
+                return ret >= 0 ? runtime.newFixnum(ret) :
+                        RubyBignum.newBignum(runtime, UINT64_COMPLEMENTARY.add(new BigInteger(ret + "")));
+            case FLOAT:
+                return runtime.newFloat((Float) value);
+            case DOUBLE:
+                return runtime.newFloat((Double) value);
+            case BOOL:
+                return (Boolean) value ? runtime.getTrue() : runtime.getFalse();
+            case BYTES: {
+                IRubyObject wrapped = runtime.newString(((ByteString) value).toStringUtf8());
+                wrapped.setFrozen(true);
+                return wrapped;
+            }
+            case STRING: {
+                IRubyObject wrapped = runtime.newString(value.toString());
+                wrapped.setFrozen(true);
+                return wrapped;
+            }
+            default:
+                return runtime.getNil();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static int num2uint(IRubyObject value) {
+        long longVal = RubyNumeric.num2long(value);
+        if (longVal > UINT_MAX)
+            throw value.getRuntime().newRangeError("Integer " + longVal + " too big to convert to 'unsigned int'");
+        long num = longVal;
+        if (num > Integer.MAX_VALUE || num < Integer.MIN_VALUE)
+            // encode to UINT32
+            num = (-longVal ^ (-1l >>> 32) ) + 1;
+        RubyNumeric.checkInt(value, num);
+        return (int) num;
+    }
+
+    public static long num2ulong(Ruby runtime, IRubyObject value) {
+        if (value instanceof RubyFloat) {
+            RubyBignum bignum = RubyBignum.newBignum(runtime, ((RubyFloat) value).getDoubleValue());
+            return RubyBignum.big2ulong(bignum);
+        } else if (value instanceof RubyBignum) {
+            return RubyBignum.big2ulong((RubyBignum) value);
+        } else {
+            return RubyNumeric.num2long(value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static IRubyObject validateStringEncoding(ThreadContext context, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type type, IRubyObject value) {
+        if (!(value instanceof RubyString))
+            throw context.runtime.newTypeError("Invalid argument for string field.");
+        switch(type) {
+            case BYTES:
+                value = ((RubyString)value).encode(context, context.runtime.evalScriptlet("Encoding::ASCII_8BIT"));
+                break;
+            case STRING:
+                value = ((RubyString)value).encode(context, context.runtime.evalScriptlet("Encoding::UTF_8"));
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        value.setFrozen(true);
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    public static void checkNameAvailability(ThreadContext context, String name) {
+        if (context.runtime.getObject().getConstantAt(name) != null)
+            throw context.runtime.newNameError(name + " is already defined", name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replace invalid "." in descriptor with __DOT__
+     * @param name
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static String escapeIdentifier(String name) {
+        return name.replace(".", BADNAME_REPLACEMENT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replace __DOT__ in descriptor name with "."
+     * @param name
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static String unescapeIdentifier(String name) {
+        return name.replace(BADNAME_REPLACEMENT, ".");
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isMapEntry(Descriptors.FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor) {
+        return fieldDescriptor.getType() == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE &&
+                fieldDescriptor.isRepeated() &&
+                fieldDescriptor.getMessageType().getOptions().getMapEntry();
+    }
+
+    public static RubyFieldDescriptor msgdefCreateField(ThreadContext context, String label, IRubyObject name,
+                                      IRubyObject type, IRubyObject number, IRubyObject typeClass, RubyClass cFieldDescriptor) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        RubyFieldDescriptor fieldDef = (RubyFieldDescriptor) cFieldDescriptor.newInstance(context, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
+        fieldDef.setLabel(context, runtime.newString(label));
+        fieldDef.setName(context, name);
+        fieldDef.setType(context, type);
+        fieldDef.setNumber(context, number);
+
+        if (!typeClass.isNil()) {
+            if (!(typeClass instanceof RubyString)) {
+                throw runtime.newArgumentError("expected string for type class");
+            }
+            fieldDef.setSubmsgName(context, typeClass);
+        }
+        return fieldDef;
+    }
+
+    protected static void checkIntTypePrecision(ThreadContext context, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type type, IRubyObject value) {
+        if (value instanceof RubyFloat) {
+            double doubleVal = RubyNumeric.num2dbl(value);
+            if (Math.floor(doubleVal) != doubleVal) {
+                throw context.runtime.newRangeError("Non-integral floating point value assigned to integer field.");
+            }
+        }
+        if (type == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.UINT32 || type == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.UINT64) {
+            if (RubyNumeric.num2dbl(value) < 0) {
+                throw context.runtime.newRangeError("Assigning negative value to unsigned integer field.");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected static boolean isRubyNum(Object value) {
+        return value instanceof RubyFixnum || value instanceof RubyFloat || value instanceof RubyBignum;
+    }
+
+    protected static void validateTypeClass(ThreadContext context, Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type type, IRubyObject value) {
+        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
+        if (!(value instanceof RubyModule)) {
+            throw runtime.newArgumentError("TypeClass has incorrect type");
+        }
+        RubyModule klass = (RubyModule) value;
+        IRubyObject descriptor = klass.getInstanceVariable(DESCRIPTOR_INSTANCE_VAR);
+        if (descriptor.isNil()) {
+            throw runtime.newArgumentError("Type class has no descriptor. Please pass a " +
+                    "class or enum as returned by the DescriptorPool.");
+        }
+        if (type == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE) {
+            if (! (descriptor instanceof RubyDescriptor)) {
+                throw runtime.newArgumentError("Descriptor has an incorrect type");
+            }
+        } else if (type == Descriptors.FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM) {
+            if (! (descriptor instanceof RubyEnumDescriptor)) {
+                throw runtime.newArgumentError("Descriptor has an incorrect type");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static String BADNAME_REPLACEMENT = "__DOT__";
+
+    public static String DESCRIPTOR_INSTANCE_VAR = "@descriptor";
+
+    public static String EQUAL_SIGN = "=";
+
+    private static BigInteger UINT64_COMPLEMENTARY = new BigInteger("18446744073709551616"); //Math.pow(2, 64)
+
+    private static long UINT_MAX = 0xffffffffl;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/google/ProtobufJavaService.java b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/google/ProtobufJavaService.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bffb492a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/java/google/ProtobufJavaService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+ * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+ * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+package google;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.jruby.*;
+import org.jruby.Ruby;
+import org.jruby.runtime.load.BasicLibraryService;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class ProtobufJavaService implements BasicLibraryService {
+    @Override
+    public boolean basicLoad(Ruby ruby) throws IOException {
+        ruby.defineModule("Google");
+        RubyProtobuf.createProtobuf(ruby);
+        RubyDescriptor.createRubyDescriptor(ruby);
+        RubyBuilder.createRubyBuilder(ruby);
+        RubyFieldDescriptor.createRubyFileDescriptor(ruby);
+        RubyMessageBuilderContext.createRubyMessageBuilderContext(ruby);
+        RubyEnumDescriptor.createRubyEnumDescriptor(ruby);
+        RubyEnumBuilderContext.createRubyEnumBuilderContext(ruby);
+        RubyDescriptorPool.createRubyDescriptorPool(ruby);
+        RubyRepeatedField.createRubyRepeatedField(ruby);
+        RubyFieldDescriptor.createRubyFileDescriptor(ruby);
+        RubyMap.createRubyMap(ruby);
+        RubyOneofDescriptor.createRubyOneofDescriptor(ruby);
+        RubyOneofBuilderContext.createRubyOneofBuilderContext(ruby);
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/sentinel.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/sentinel.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..722041ba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/src/main/sentinel.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+package com.google.protobuf.jruby;
+option optimize_for = CODE_SIZE;
+
+message Sentinel {
+  int32 default_int32 = 1;
+  int64 default_int64 = 2;
+  uint32 default_unit32 = 3;
+  uint64 default_uint64 = 4;
+  string default_string = 5;
+  bool default_bool = 6;
+  float default_float = 7;
+  double default_double = 8;
+  bytes default_bytes = 9;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/basic.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/basic.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1a66a616
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/basic.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+# basic_test_pb.rb is in the same directory as this test.
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)))
+
+require 'basic_test_pb'
+require 'common_tests'
+require 'google/protobuf'
+require 'json'
+require 'test/unit'
+
+# ------------- generated code --------------
+
+module BasicTest
+  pool = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.new
+  pool.build do
+    add_message "BadFieldNames" do
+      optional :dup, :int32, 1
+      optional :class, :int32, 2
+    end
+  end
+
+  BadFieldNames = pool.lookup("BadFieldNames").msgclass
+
+# ------------ test cases ---------------
+
+  class MessageContainerTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+    # Required by CommonTests module to resolve proto3 proto classes used in tests.
+    def proto_module
+      ::BasicTest
+    end
+    include CommonTests
+
+    def test_has_field
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      assert !m.has_optional_msg?
+      m.optional_msg = TestMessage2.new
+      assert m.has_optional_msg?
+      assert TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_msg').has?(m)
+
+      m = OneofMessage.new
+      assert !m.has_my_oneof?
+      m.a = "foo"
+      assert m.has_my_oneof?
+      assert_raise NoMethodError do
+        m.has_a?
+      end
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        OneofMessage.descriptor.lookup('a').has?(m)
+      end
+
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      assert_raise NoMethodError do
+        m.has_optional_int32?
+      end
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_int32').has?(m)
+      end
+
+      assert_raise NoMethodError do
+        m.has_optional_string?
+      end
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_string').has?(m)
+      end
+
+      assert_raise NoMethodError do
+        m.has_optional_bool?
+      end
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_bool').has?(m)
+      end
+
+      assert_raise NoMethodError do
+        m.has_repeated_msg?
+      end
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('repeated_msg').has?(m)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_set_clear_defaults
+      m = TestMessage.new
+
+      m.optional_int32 = -42
+      assert_equal -42, m.optional_int32
+      m.clear_optional_int32
+      assert_equal 0, m.optional_int32
+
+      m.optional_int32 = 50
+      assert_equal 50, m.optional_int32
+      TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_int32').clear(m)
+      assert_equal 0, m.optional_int32
+
+      m.optional_string = "foo bar"
+      assert_equal "foo bar", m.optional_string
+      m.clear_optional_string
+      assert_equal "", m.optional_string
+
+      m.optional_string = "foo"
+      assert_equal "foo", m.optional_string
+      TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_string').clear(m)
+      assert_equal "", m.optional_string
+
+      m.optional_msg = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42)
+      assert_equal TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42), m.optional_msg
+      assert m.has_optional_msg?
+      m.clear_optional_msg
+      assert_equal nil, m.optional_msg
+      assert !m.has_optional_msg?
+
+      m.optional_msg = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42)
+      assert_equal TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42), m.optional_msg
+      TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_msg').clear(m)
+      assert_equal nil, m.optional_msg
+
+      m.repeated_int32.push(1)
+      assert_equal [1], m.repeated_int32
+      m.clear_repeated_int32
+      assert_equal [], m.repeated_int32
+
+      m.repeated_int32.push(1)
+      assert_equal [1], m.repeated_int32
+      TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('repeated_int32').clear(m)
+      assert_equal [], m.repeated_int32
+
+      m = OneofMessage.new
+      m.a = "foo"
+      assert_equal "foo", m.a
+      assert m.has_my_oneof?
+      m.clear_a
+      assert !m.has_my_oneof?
+
+      m.a = "foobar"
+      assert m.has_my_oneof?
+      m.clear_my_oneof
+      assert !m.has_my_oneof?
+
+      m.a = "bar"
+      assert_equal "bar", m.a
+      assert m.has_my_oneof?
+      OneofMessage.descriptor.lookup('a').clear(m)
+      assert !m.has_my_oneof?
+    end
+
+
+    def test_initialization_map_errors
+      e = assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        TestMessage.new(:hello => "world")
+      end
+      assert_match(/hello/, e.message)
+
+      e = assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        MapMessage.new(:map_string_int32 => "hello")
+      end
+      assert_equal e.message, "Expected Hash object as initializer value for map field 'map_string_int32' (given String)."
+
+      e = assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        TestMessage.new(:repeated_uint32 => "hello")
+      end
+      assert_equal e.message, "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field 'repeated_uint32' (given String)."
+    end
+
+    def test_map_field
+      m = MapMessage.new
+      assert m.map_string_int32 == {}
+      assert m.map_string_msg == {}
+
+      m = MapMessage.new(
+        :map_string_int32 => {"a" => 1, "b" => 2},
+        :map_string_msg => {"a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                            "b" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)},
+        :map_string_enum => {"a" => :A, "b" => :B})
+      assert m.map_string_int32.keys.sort == ["a", "b"]
+      assert m.map_string_int32["a"] == 1
+      assert m.map_string_msg["b"].foo == 2
+      assert m.map_string_enum["a"] == :A
+
+      m.map_string_int32["c"] = 3
+      assert m.map_string_int32["c"] == 3
+      m.map_string_msg["c"] = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 3)
+      assert m.map_string_msg["c"] == TestMessage2.new(:foo => 3)
+      m.map_string_msg.delete("b")
+      m.map_string_msg.delete("c")
+      assert m.map_string_msg == { "a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1) }
+
+      assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+        m.map_string_msg["e"] = TestMessage.new # wrong value type
+      end
+      # ensure nothing was added by the above
+      assert m.map_string_msg == { "a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1) }
+
+      m.map_string_int32 = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int32)
+      assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+        m.map_string_int32 = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int64)
+      end
+      assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+        m.map_string_int32 = {}
+      end
+
+      assert_raise TypeError do
+        m = MapMessage.new(:map_string_int32 => { 1 => "I am not a number" })
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_map_field_with_symbol
+      m = MapMessage.new
+      assert m.map_string_int32 == {}
+      assert m.map_string_msg == {}
+
+      m = MapMessage.new(
+        :map_string_int32 => {a: 1, "b" => 2},
+        :map_string_msg => {a: TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                            b: TestMessage2.new(:foo => 10)})
+      assert_equal 1, m.map_string_int32[:a]
+      assert_equal 2, m.map_string_int32[:b]
+      assert_equal 10, m.map_string_msg[:b].foo
+    end
+
+    def test_map_inspect
+      m = MapMessage.new(
+        :map_string_int32 => {"a" => 1, "b" => 2},
+        :map_string_msg => {"a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                            "b" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)},
+        :map_string_enum => {"a" => :A, "b" => :B})
+      expected = "<BasicTest::MapMessage: map_string_int32: {\"b\"=>2, \"a\"=>1}, map_string_msg: {\"b\"=><BasicTest::TestMessage2: foo: 2>, \"a\"=><BasicTest::TestMessage2: foo: 1>}, map_string_enum: {\"b\"=>:B, \"a\"=>:A}>"
+      assert_equal expected, m.inspect
+    end
+
+    def test_map_corruption
+      # This pattern led to a crash in a previous version of upb/protobuf.
+      m = MapMessage.new(map_string_int32: { "aaa" => 1 })
+      m.map_string_int32['podid'] = 2
+      m.map_string_int32['aaa'] = 3
+    end
+
+    def test_map_wrappers
+      run_asserts = ->(m) {
+        assert_equal 2.0, m.map_double[0].value
+        assert_equal 4.0, m.map_float[0].value
+        assert_equal 3, m.map_int32[0].value
+        assert_equal 4, m.map_int64[0].value
+        assert_equal 5, m.map_uint32[0].value
+        assert_equal 6, m.map_uint64[0].value
+        assert_equal true, m.map_bool[0].value
+        assert_equal 'str', m.map_string[0].value
+        assert_equal 'fun', m.map_bytes[0].value
+      }
+
+      m = proto_module::Wrapper.new(
+        map_double: {0 => Google::Protobuf::DoubleValue.new(value: 2.0)},
+        map_float: {0 => Google::Protobuf::FloatValue.new(value: 4.0)},
+        map_int32: {0 => Google::Protobuf::Int32Value.new(value: 3)},
+        map_int64: {0 => Google::Protobuf::Int64Value.new(value: 4)},
+        map_uint32: {0 => Google::Protobuf::UInt32Value.new(value: 5)},
+        map_uint64: {0 => Google::Protobuf::UInt64Value.new(value: 6)},
+        map_bool: {0 => Google::Protobuf::BoolValue.new(value: true)},
+        map_string: {0 => Google::Protobuf::StringValue.new(value: 'str')},
+        map_bytes: {0 => Google::Protobuf::BytesValue.new(value: 'fun')},
+      )
+
+      run_asserts.call(m)
+      serialized = proto_module::Wrapper::encode(m)
+      m2 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized)
+      run_asserts.call(m2)
+
+      # Test the case where we are serializing directly from the parsed form
+      # (before anything lazy is materialized).
+      m3 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized)
+      serialized2 = proto_module::Wrapper::encode(m3)
+      m4 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized2)
+      run_asserts.call(m4)
+
+      # Test that the lazy form compares equal to the expanded form.
+      m5 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized2)
+      assert_equal m5, m
+    end
+
+    def test_map_wrappers_with_default_values
+      run_asserts = ->(m) {
+        assert_equal 0.0, m.map_double[0].value
+        assert_equal 0.0, m.map_float[0].value
+        assert_equal 0, m.map_int32[0].value
+        assert_equal 0, m.map_int64[0].value
+        assert_equal 0, m.map_uint32[0].value
+        assert_equal 0, m.map_uint64[0].value
+        assert_equal false, m.map_bool[0].value
+        assert_equal '', m.map_string[0].value
+        assert_equal '', m.map_bytes[0].value
+      }
+
+      m = proto_module::Wrapper.new(
+        map_double: {0 => Google::Protobuf::DoubleValue.new(value: 0.0)},
+        map_float: {0 => Google::Protobuf::FloatValue.new(value: 0.0)},
+        map_int32: {0 => Google::Protobuf::Int32Value.new(value: 0)},
+        map_int64: {0 => Google::Protobuf::Int64Value.new(value: 0)},
+        map_uint32: {0 => Google::Protobuf::UInt32Value.new(value: 0)},
+        map_uint64: {0 => Google::Protobuf::UInt64Value.new(value: 0)},
+        map_bool: {0 => Google::Protobuf::BoolValue.new(value: false)},
+        map_string: {0 => Google::Protobuf::StringValue.new(value: '')},
+        map_bytes: {0 => Google::Protobuf::BytesValue.new(value: '')},
+      )
+
+      run_asserts.call(m)
+      serialized = proto_module::Wrapper::encode(m)
+      m2 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized)
+      run_asserts.call(m2)
+
+      # Test the case where we are serializing directly from the parsed form
+      # (before anything lazy is materialized).
+      m3 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized)
+      serialized2 = proto_module::Wrapper::encode(m3)
+      m4 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized2)
+      run_asserts.call(m4)
+
+      # Test that the lazy form compares equal to the expanded form.
+      m5 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized2)
+      assert_equal m5, m
+    end
+
+    def test_map_wrappers_with_no_value
+      run_asserts = ->(m) {
+        assert_equal 0.0, m.map_double[0].value
+        assert_equal 0.0, m.map_float[0].value
+        assert_equal 0, m.map_int32[0].value
+        assert_equal 0, m.map_int64[0].value
+        assert_equal 0, m.map_uint32[0].value
+        assert_equal 0, m.map_uint64[0].value
+        assert_equal false, m.map_bool[0].value
+        assert_equal '', m.map_string[0].value
+        assert_equal '', m.map_bytes[0].value
+      }
+
+      m = proto_module::Wrapper.new(
+        map_double: {0 => Google::Protobuf::DoubleValue.new()},
+        map_float: {0 => Google::Protobuf::FloatValue.new()},
+        map_int32: {0 => Google::Protobuf::Int32Value.new()},
+        map_int64: {0 => Google::Protobuf::Int64Value.new()},
+        map_uint32: {0 => Google::Protobuf::UInt32Value.new()},
+        map_uint64: {0 => Google::Protobuf::UInt64Value.new()},
+        map_bool: {0 => Google::Protobuf::BoolValue.new()},
+        map_string: {0 => Google::Protobuf::StringValue.new()},
+        map_bytes: {0 => Google::Protobuf::BytesValue.new()},
+      )
+      run_asserts.call(m)
+
+      serialized = proto_module::Wrapper::encode(m)
+      m2 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized)
+      run_asserts.call(m2)
+
+      # Test the case where we are serializing directly from the parsed form
+      # (before anything lazy is materialized).
+      m3 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized)
+      serialized2 = proto_module::Wrapper::encode(m3)
+      m4 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized2)
+      run_asserts.call(m4)
+    end
+
+    def test_concurrent_decoding
+      o = Outer.new
+      o.items[0] = Inner.new
+      raw = Outer.encode(o)
+
+      thds = 2.times.map do
+        Thread.new do
+          100000.times do
+            assert_equal o, Outer.decode(raw)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      thds.map(&:join)
+    end
+
+    def test_map_encode_decode
+      m = MapMessage.new(
+        :map_string_int32 => {"a" => 1, "b" => 2},
+        :map_string_msg => {"a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                            "b" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)},
+        :map_string_enum => {"a" => :A, "b" => :B})
+      m2 = MapMessage.decode(MapMessage.encode(m))
+      assert m == m2
+
+      m3 = MapMessageWireEquiv.decode(MapMessage.encode(m))
+      assert m3.map_string_int32.length == 2
+
+      kv = {}
+      m3.map_string_int32.map { |msg| kv[msg.key] = msg.value }
+      assert kv == {"a" => 1, "b" => 2}
+
+      kv = {}
+      m3.map_string_msg.map { |msg| kv[msg.key] = msg.value }
+      assert kv == {"a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                    "b" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)}
+    end
+
+    def test_protobuf_decode_json_ignore_unknown_fields
+      m = TestMessage.decode_json({
+        optional_string: "foo",
+        not_in_message: "some_value"
+      }.to_json, { ignore_unknown_fields: true })
+
+      assert_equal m.optional_string, "foo"
+      e = assert_raise Google::Protobuf::ParseError do
+        TestMessage.decode_json({ not_in_message: "some_value" }.to_json)
+      end
+      assert_match(/No such field: not_in_message/, e.message)
+    end
+
+    #def test_json_quoted_string
+    #  m = TestMessage.decode_json(%q(
+    #    "optionalInt64": "1",,
+    #  }))
+    #  puts(m)
+    #  assert_equal 1, m.optional_int32
+    #end
+
+    def test_to_h
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_bool => true, :optional_double => -10.100001, :optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'], :repeated_msg => [TestMessage2.new(:foo => 100)])
+      expected_result = {
+        :optional_bool=>true,
+        :optional_bytes=>"",
+        :optional_double=>-10.100001,
+        :optional_enum=>:Default,
+        :optional_float=>0.0,
+        :optional_int32=>0,
+        :optional_int64=>0,
+        :optional_msg=>nil,
+        :optional_string=>"foo",
+        :optional_uint32=>0,
+        :optional_uint64=>0,
+        :repeated_bool=>[],
+        :repeated_bytes=>[],
+        :repeated_double=>[],
+        :repeated_enum=>[],
+        :repeated_float=>[],
+        :repeated_int32=>[],
+        :repeated_int64=>[],
+        :repeated_msg=>[{:foo => 100}],
+        :repeated_string=>["bar1", "bar2"],
+        :repeated_uint32=>[],
+        :repeated_uint64=>[]
+      }
+      assert_equal expected_result, m.to_h
+
+      m = MapMessage.new(
+        :map_string_int32 => {"a" => 1, "b" => 2},
+        :map_string_msg => {"a" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                            "b" => TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)},
+        :map_string_enum => {"a" => :A, "b" => :B})
+      expected_result = {
+        :map_string_int32 => {"a" => 1, "b" => 2},
+        :map_string_msg => {"a" => {:foo => 1}, "b" => {:foo => 2}},
+        :map_string_enum => {"a" => :A, "b" => :B}
+      }
+      assert_equal expected_result, m.to_h
+    end
+
+
+    def test_json_maps
+      # TODO: Fix JSON in JRuby version.
+      return if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+      m = MapMessage.new(:map_string_int32 => {"a" => 1})
+      expected = {mapStringInt32: {a: 1}, mapStringMsg: {}, mapStringEnum: {}}
+      expected_preserve = {map_string_int32: {a: 1}, map_string_msg: {}, map_string_enum: {}}
+      assert_equal JSON.parse(MapMessage.encode_json(m), :symbolize_names => true), expected
+
+      json = MapMessage.encode_json(m, :preserve_proto_fieldnames => true)
+      assert_equal JSON.parse(json, :symbolize_names => true), expected_preserve
+
+      m2 = MapMessage.decode_json(MapMessage.encode_json(m))
+      assert_equal m, m2
+    end
+
+    def test_json_maps_emit_defaults_submsg
+      # TODO: Fix JSON in JRuby version.
+      return if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+      m = MapMessage.new(:map_string_msg => {"a" => TestMessage2.new})
+      expected = {mapStringInt32: {}, mapStringMsg: {a: {foo: 0}}, mapStringEnum: {}}
+
+      actual = MapMessage.encode_json(m, :emit_defaults => true)
+
+      assert_equal JSON.parse(actual, :symbolize_names => true), expected
+    end
+
+    def test_respond_to
+      # This test fails with JRuby 1.7.23, likely because of an old JRuby bug.
+      return if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+      msg = MapMessage.new
+      assert msg.respond_to?(:map_string_int32)
+      assert !msg.respond_to?(:bacon)
+    end
+
+    def test_file_descriptor
+      file_descriptor = TestMessage.descriptor.file_descriptor
+      assert nil != file_descriptor
+      assert_equal "tests/basic_test.proto", file_descriptor.name
+      assert_equal :proto3, file_descriptor.syntax
+
+      file_descriptor = TestEnum.descriptor.file_descriptor
+      assert nil != file_descriptor
+      assert_equal "tests/basic_test.proto", file_descriptor.name
+      assert_equal :proto3, file_descriptor.syntax
+    end
+
+    # Ruby 2.5 changed to raise FrozenError instead of RuntimeError
+    FrozenErrorType = Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new('2.5') ? RuntimeError : FrozenError
+
+    def test_map_freeze
+      m = proto_module::MapMessage.new
+      m.map_string_int32['a'] = 5
+      m.map_string_msg['b'] = proto_module::TestMessage2.new
+
+      m.map_string_int32.freeze
+      m.map_string_msg.freeze
+
+      assert m.map_string_int32.frozen?
+      assert m.map_string_msg.frozen?
+
+      assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.map_string_int32['foo'] = 1 }
+      assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.map_string_msg['bar'] = proto_module::TestMessage2.new }
+      assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.map_string_int32.delete('a') }
+      assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.map_string_int32.clear }
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/basic_proto2.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/basic_proto2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c7ddd55b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/basic_proto2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+# basic_test_pb.rb is in the same directory as this test.
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)))
+
+require 'basic_test_proto2_pb'
+require 'common_tests'
+require 'google/protobuf'
+require 'json'
+require 'test/unit'
+
+# ------------- generated code --------------
+
+module BasicTestProto2
+  pool = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.new
+  pool.build do
+    add_file "test_proto2.proto", syntax: :proto2 do
+      add_message "BadFieldNames" do
+        optional :dup, :int32, 1
+        optional :class, :int32, 2
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  BadFieldNames = pool.lookup("BadFieldNames").msgclass
+
+# ------------ test cases ---------------
+
+  class MessageContainerTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+    # Required by CommonTests module to resolve proto2 proto classes used in tests.
+    def proto_module
+      ::BasicTestProto2
+    end
+    include CommonTests
+
+    def test_has_field
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      assert !m.has_optional_int32?
+      assert !TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_int32').has?(m)
+      assert !m.has_optional_int64?
+      assert !TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_int64').has?(m)
+      assert !m.has_optional_uint32?
+      assert !TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_uint32').has?(m)
+      assert !m.has_optional_uint64?
+      assert !TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_uint64').has?(m)
+      assert !m.has_optional_bool?
+      assert !TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_bool').has?(m)
+      assert !m.has_optional_float?
+      assert !TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_float').has?(m)
+      assert !m.has_optional_double?
+      assert !TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_double').has?(m)
+      assert !m.has_optional_string?
+      assert !TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_string').has?(m)
+      assert !m.has_optional_bytes?
+      assert !TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_bytes').has?(m)
+      assert !m.has_optional_enum?
+      assert !TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_enum').has?(m)
+
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => nil)
+      assert !m.has_optional_int32?
+
+      assert_raise NoMethodError do
+        m.has_repeated_msg?
+      end
+      assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('repeated_msg').has?(m)
+      end
+
+      m.optional_msg = TestMessage2.new
+      assert m.has_optional_msg?
+      assert TestMessage.descriptor.lookup('optional_msg').has?(m)
+
+      m = OneofMessage.new
+      assert !m.has_my_oneof?
+      m.a = "foo"
+      assert m.has_a?
+      assert OneofMessage.descriptor.lookup('a').has?(m)
+      assert_equal "foo", m.a
+      assert m.has_my_oneof?
+      assert !m.has_b?
+      assert !OneofMessage.descriptor.lookup('b').has?(m)
+      assert !m.has_c?
+      assert !OneofMessage.descriptor.lookup('c').has?(m)
+      assert !m.has_d?
+      assert !OneofMessage.descriptor.lookup('d').has?(m)
+
+      m = OneofMessage.new
+      m.b = 100
+      assert m.has_b?
+      assert_equal 100, m.b
+      assert m.has_my_oneof?
+      assert !m.has_a?
+      assert !m.has_c?
+      assert !m.has_d?
+
+      m = OneofMessage.new
+      m.c = TestMessage2.new
+      assert m.has_c?
+      assert_equal TestMessage2.new, m.c
+      assert m.has_my_oneof?
+      assert !m.has_a?
+      assert !m.has_b?
+      assert !m.has_d?
+
+      m = OneofMessage.new
+      m.d = :A
+      assert m.has_d?
+      assert_equal :A, m.d
+      assert m.has_my_oneof?
+      assert !m.has_a?
+      assert !m.has_b?
+      assert !m.has_c?
+    end
+
+    def test_defined_defaults
+      m = TestMessageDefaults.new
+      assert_equal 1, m.optional_int32
+      assert_equal 2, m.optional_int64
+      assert_equal 3, m.optional_uint32
+      assert_equal 4, m.optional_uint64
+      assert_equal true, m.optional_bool
+      assert_equal 6.0, m.optional_float
+      assert_equal 7.0, m.optional_double
+      assert_equal "Default Str", m.optional_string
+      assert_equal "\xCF\xA5s\xBD\xBA\xE6fubar".force_encoding("ASCII-8BIT"), m.optional_bytes
+      assert_equal :B2, m.optional_enum
+
+      assert !m.has_optional_int32?
+      assert !m.has_optional_int64?
+      assert !m.has_optional_uint32?
+      assert !m.has_optional_uint64?
+      assert !m.has_optional_bool?
+      assert !m.has_optional_float?
+      assert !m.has_optional_double?
+      assert !m.has_optional_string?
+      assert !m.has_optional_bytes?
+      assert !m.has_optional_enum?
+    end
+
+    def test_set_clear_defaults
+      m = TestMessageDefaults.new
+
+      m.optional_int32 = -42
+      assert_equal -42, m.optional_int32
+      assert m.has_optional_int32?
+      m.clear_optional_int32
+      assert_equal 1, m.optional_int32
+      assert !m.has_optional_int32?
+
+      m.optional_string = "foo bar"
+      assert_equal "foo bar", m.optional_string
+      assert m.has_optional_string?
+      m.clear_optional_string
+      assert_equal "Default Str", m.optional_string
+      assert !m.has_optional_string?
+
+      m.optional_msg = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42)
+      assert_equal TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42), m.optional_msg
+      assert m.has_optional_msg?
+
+      m.clear_optional_msg
+      assert_equal nil, m.optional_msg
+      assert !m.has_optional_msg?
+
+      m.optional_msg = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42)
+      assert_equal TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42), m.optional_msg
+      assert TestMessageDefaults.descriptor.lookup('optional_msg').has?(m)
+
+      TestMessageDefaults.descriptor.lookup('optional_msg').clear(m)
+      assert_equal nil, m.optional_msg
+      assert !TestMessageDefaults.descriptor.lookup('optional_msg').has?(m)
+
+      m = TestMessage.new
+      m.repeated_int32.push(1)
+      assert_equal [1], m.repeated_int32
+      m.clear_repeated_int32
+      assert_equal [], m.repeated_int32
+
+      m = OneofMessage.new
+      m.a = "foo"
+      assert_equal "foo", m.a
+      assert m.has_a?
+      m.clear_a
+      assert !m.has_a?
+
+      m = OneofMessage.new
+      m.a = "foobar"
+      assert m.has_my_oneof?
+      m.clear_my_oneof
+      assert !m.has_my_oneof?
+
+      m = OneofMessage.new
+      m.a = "bar"
+      assert_equal "bar", m.a
+      assert m.has_my_oneof?
+      OneofMessage.descriptor.lookup('a').clear(m)
+      assert !m.has_my_oneof?
+    end
+
+    def test_initialization_map_errors
+      e = assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        TestMessage.new(:hello => "world")
+      end
+      assert_match(/hello/, e.message)
+
+      e = assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        TestMessage.new(:repeated_uint32 => "hello")
+      end
+      assert_equal e.message, "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field 'repeated_uint32' (given String)."
+    end
+
+
+    def test_to_h
+      m = TestMessage.new(:optional_bool => true, :optional_double => -10.100001, :optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'])
+      expected_result = {
+        :optional_bool=>true,
+        :optional_double=>-10.100001,
+        :optional_string=>"foo",
+        :repeated_string=>["bar1", "bar2"],
+      }
+      assert_equal expected_result, m.to_h
+
+      m = OneofMessage.new(:a => "foo")
+      expected_result = {:a => "foo"}
+      assert_equal expected_result, m.to_h
+    end
+
+    def test_map_keyword_disabled
+      pool = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.new
+
+      e = assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        pool.build do
+          add_file 'test_file.proto', syntax: :proto2 do
+            add_message "MapMessage" do
+              map :map_string_int32, :string, :int32, 1
+              map :map_string_msg, :string, :message, 2, "TestMessage2"
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      assert_match(/Cannot add a native map/, e.message)
+    end
+
+    def test_respond_to
+      # This test fails with JRuby 1.7.23, likely because of an old JRuby bug.
+      return if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+      msg = TestMessage.new
+      assert !msg.respond_to?(:bacon)
+    end
+
+    def test_file_descriptor
+      file_descriptor = TestMessage.descriptor.file_descriptor
+      assert nil != file_descriptor
+      assert_equal "tests/basic_test_proto2.proto", file_descriptor.name
+      assert_equal :proto2, file_descriptor.syntax
+
+      file_descriptor = TestEnum.descriptor.file_descriptor
+      assert nil != file_descriptor
+      assert_equal "tests/basic_test_proto2.proto", file_descriptor.name
+      assert_equal :proto2, file_descriptor.syntax
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/basic_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/basic_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a91854007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/basic_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package basic_test;
+
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+
+message Foo {
+  Bar bar = 1;
+  repeated Baz baz = 2;
+}
+
+message Bar {
+  string msg = 1;
+}
+
+message Baz {
+  string msg = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMessage {
+  int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  bool optional_bool = 5;
+  float optional_float = 6;
+  double optional_double = 7;
+  string optional_string = 8;
+  bytes optional_bytes = 9;
+  TestMessage2 optional_msg = 10;
+  TestEnum optional_enum = 11;
+
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 12;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 13;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 14;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 15;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 16;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 17;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 18;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 19;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 20;
+  repeated TestMessage2 repeated_msg = 21;
+  repeated TestEnum repeated_enum = 22;
+}
+
+message TestMessage2 {
+  int32 foo = 1;
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  Default = 0;
+  A = 1;
+  B = 2;
+  C = 3;
+}
+
+message TestEmbeddedMessageParent {
+  TestEmbeddedMessageChild child_msg = 1;
+  int32 number = 2;
+
+  repeated TestEmbeddedMessageChild repeated_msg = 3;
+  repeated int32 repeated_number = 4;
+}
+
+message TestEmbeddedMessageChild {
+  TestMessage sub_child = 1;
+}
+
+message Recursive1 {
+  Recursive2 foo = 1;
+}
+
+message Recursive2 {
+  Recursive1 foo = 1;
+}
+
+message MapMessage {
+  map<string, int32> map_string_int32 = 1;
+  map<string, TestMessage2> map_string_msg = 2;
+  map<string, TestEnum> map_string_enum = 3;
+}
+
+message MapMessageWireEquiv {
+  repeated MapMessageWireEquiv_entry1 map_string_int32 = 1;
+  repeated MapMessageWireEquiv_entry2 map_string_msg = 2;
+}
+
+message MapMessageWireEquiv_entry1 {
+  string key = 1;
+  int32 value = 2;
+}
+
+message MapMessageWireEquiv_entry2 {
+  string key = 1;
+  TestMessage2 value = 2;
+}
+
+message OneofMessage {
+  oneof my_oneof {
+    string a = 1;
+    int32 b = 2;
+    TestMessage2 c = 3;
+    TestEnum d = 4;
+  }
+}
+
+message Outer {
+  map<int32, Inner> items = 1;
+}
+
+message Inner {
+}
+
+message Wrapper {
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double = 1;
+  google.protobuf.FloatValue float = 2;
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value int32 = 3;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64 = 4;
+  google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32 = 5;
+  google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64 = 6;
+  google.protobuf.BoolValue bool = 7;
+  google.protobuf.StringValue string = 8;
+  google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes = 9;
+  string real_string = 100;
+  oneof a_oneof {
+    string string_in_oneof = 10;
+  }
+
+  // Repeated wrappers don't make sense, but we still need to make sure they
+  // work and don't crash.
+  repeated google.protobuf.DoubleValue repeated_double = 11;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FloatValue repeated_float = 12;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int32Value repeated_int32 = 13;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int64Value repeated_int64 = 14;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt32Value repeated_uint32 = 15;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt64Value repeated_uint64 = 16;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BoolValue repeated_bool = 17;
+  repeated google.protobuf.StringValue repeated_string = 18;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BytesValue repeated_bytes = 19;
+
+  // Wrappers as map keys don't make sense, but we still need to make sure they
+  // work and don't crash.
+  map<int32, google.protobuf.DoubleValue> map_double = 21;
+  map<int32, google.protobuf.FloatValue> map_float = 22;
+  map<int32, google.protobuf.Int32Value> map_int32 = 23;
+  map<int32, google.protobuf.Int64Value> map_int64 = 24;
+  map<int32, google.protobuf.UInt32Value> map_uint32 = 25;
+  map<int32, google.protobuf.UInt64Value> map_uint64 = 26;
+  map<int32, google.protobuf.BoolValue> map_bool = 27;
+  map<int32, google.protobuf.StringValue> map_string = 28;
+  map<int32, google.protobuf.BytesValue> map_bytes = 29;
+
+  // Wrappers in oneofs don't make sense, but we still need to make sure they
+  // work and don't crash.
+  oneof wrapper_oneof {
+    google.protobuf.DoubleValue oneof_double = 31;
+    google.protobuf.FloatValue oneof_float = 32;
+    google.protobuf.Int32Value oneof_int32 = 33;
+    google.protobuf.Int64Value oneof_int64 = 34;
+    google.protobuf.UInt32Value oneof_uint32 = 35;
+    google.protobuf.UInt64Value oneof_uint64 = 36;
+    google.protobuf.BoolValue oneof_bool = 37;
+    google.protobuf.StringValue oneof_string = 38;
+    google.protobuf.BytesValue oneof_bytes = 39;
+    string oneof_plain_string = 101;
+  }
+}
+
+message TimeMessage {
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Duration duration = 2;
+}
+
+message Enumer {
+  TestEnum optional_enum = 1;
+  repeated TestEnum repeated_enum = 2;
+  string a_const = 3;
+  oneof a_oneof {
+    string str = 10;
+    TestEnum const = 11;
+  }
+}
+
+message MyRepeatedStruct {
+  repeated MyStruct structs = 1;
+}
+
+message MyStruct {
+  string string = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/basic_test_proto2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/basic_test_proto2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c1a2b983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/basic_test_proto2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package basic_test_proto2;
+
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+
+message Foo {
+  optional Bar bar = 1;
+  repeated Baz baz = 2;
+}
+
+message Bar {
+  optional string msg = 1;
+}
+
+message Baz {
+  optional string msg = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMessage {
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  optional int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  optional uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  optional uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  optional bool optional_bool = 5;
+  optional float optional_float = 6;
+  optional double optional_double = 7;
+  optional string optional_string = 8;
+  optional bytes optional_bytes = 9;
+  optional TestMessage2 optional_msg = 10;
+  optional TestEnum optional_enum = 11;
+
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 12;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 13;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 14;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 15;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 16;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 17;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 18;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 19;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 20;
+  repeated TestMessage2 repeated_msg = 21;
+  repeated TestEnum repeated_enum = 22;
+}
+
+message TestMessage2 {
+  optional int32 foo = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMessageDefaults {
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 1 [default = 1];
+  optional int64 optional_int64 = 2 [default = 2];
+  optional uint32 optional_uint32 = 3 [default = 3];
+  optional uint64 optional_uint64 = 4 [default = 4];
+  optional bool optional_bool = 5 [default = true];
+  optional float optional_float = 6 [default = 6];
+  optional double optional_double = 7 [default = 7];
+  optional string optional_string = 8 [default = "Default Str"];
+  optional bytes optional_bytes = 9 [default = "\xCF\xA5s\xBD\xBA\xE6fubar"];
+  optional TestMessage2 optional_msg = 10;
+  optional TestNonZeroEnum optional_enum = 11 [default = B2];
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  Default = 0;
+  A = 1;
+  B = 2;
+  C = 3;
+}
+
+enum TestNonZeroEnum {
+  A2 = 1;
+  B2 = 2;
+  C2 = 3;
+}
+
+message TestEmbeddedMessageParent {
+  optional TestEmbeddedMessageChild child_msg = 1;
+  optional int32 number = 2;
+
+  repeated TestEmbeddedMessageChild repeated_msg = 3;
+  repeated int32 repeated_number = 4;
+}
+
+message TestEmbeddedMessageChild {
+  optional TestMessage sub_child = 1;
+}
+
+message Recursive1 {
+  optional Recursive2 foo = 1;
+}
+
+message Recursive2 {
+  optional Recursive1 foo = 1;
+}
+
+message MapMessageWireEquiv {
+  repeated MapMessageWireEquiv_entry1 map_string_int32 = 1;
+  repeated MapMessageWireEquiv_entry2 map_string_msg = 2;
+}
+
+message MapMessageWireEquiv_entry1 {
+  optional string key = 1;
+  optional int32 value = 2;
+}
+
+message MapMessageWireEquiv_entry2 {
+  optional string key = 1;
+  optional TestMessage2 value = 2;
+}
+
+message OneofMessage {
+  oneof my_oneof {
+    string a = 1;
+    int32 b = 2;
+    TestMessage2 c = 3;
+    TestEnum d = 4;
+  }
+}
+
+message Wrapper {
+  optional google.protobuf.DoubleValue double = 1;
+  optional google.protobuf.FloatValue float = 2;
+  optional google.protobuf.Int32Value int32 = 3;
+  optional google.protobuf.Int64Value int64 = 4;
+  optional google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32 = 5;
+  optional google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64 = 6;
+  optional google.protobuf.BoolValue bool = 7;
+  optional google.protobuf.StringValue string = 8;
+  optional google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes = 9;
+  optional string real_string = 100;
+  oneof a_oneof {
+    string string_in_oneof = 10;
+  }
+
+  // Repeated wrappers don't really make sense, but we still need to make sure
+  // they work and don't crash.
+  repeated google.protobuf.DoubleValue repeated_double = 11;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FloatValue repeated_float = 12;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int32Value repeated_int32 = 13;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int64Value repeated_int64 = 14;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt32Value repeated_uint32 = 15;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt64Value repeated_uint64 = 16;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BoolValue repeated_bool = 17;
+  repeated google.protobuf.StringValue repeated_string = 18;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BytesValue repeated_bytes = 19;
+
+  // Wrappers in oneofs don't make sense, but we still need to make sure they
+  // work and don't crash.
+  oneof wrapper_oneof {
+    google.protobuf.DoubleValue oneof_double = 31;
+    google.protobuf.FloatValue oneof_float = 32;
+    google.protobuf.Int32Value oneof_int32 = 33;
+    google.protobuf.Int64Value oneof_int64 = 34;
+    google.protobuf.UInt32Value oneof_uint32 = 35;
+    google.protobuf.UInt64Value oneof_uint64 = 36;
+    google.protobuf.BoolValue oneof_bool = 37;
+    google.protobuf.StringValue oneof_string = 38;
+    google.protobuf.BytesValue oneof_bytes = 39;
+    string oneof_plain_string = 101;
+  }
+}
+
+message TimeMessage {
+  optional google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 1;
+  optional google.protobuf.Duration duration = 2;
+}
+
+message Enumer {
+  optional TestEnum optional_enum = 11;
+  repeated TestEnum repeated_enum = 22;
+  optional string a_const = 3;
+  oneof a_oneof {
+    string str = 100;
+    TestEnum const = 101;
+  }
+}
+
+message MyRepeatedStruct {
+  repeated MyStruct structs = 1;
+}
+
+message MyStruct {
+  optional string string = 1;
+  optional google.protobuf.Struct struct = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/common_tests.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/common_tests.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7414aea8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/common_tests.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,1789 @@
+require 'google/protobuf/wrappers_pb.rb'
+
+# Defines tests which are common between proto2 and proto3 syntax.
+#
+# Requires that the proto messages are exactly the same in proto2 and proto3 syntax
+# and that the including class should define a 'proto_module' method which returns
+# the enclosing module of the proto message classes.
+
+require 'bigdecimal'
+
+module CommonTests
+  # Ruby 2.5 changed to raise FrozenError instead of RuntimeError
+  FrozenErrorType = Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new('2.5') ? RuntimeError : FrozenError
+
+  def test_defaults
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+    assert m.optional_int32 == 0
+    assert m.optional_int64 == 0
+    assert m.optional_uint32 == 0
+    assert m.optional_uint64 == 0
+    assert m.optional_bool == false
+    assert m.optional_float == 0.0
+    assert m.optional_double == 0.0
+    assert m.optional_string == ""
+    assert m.optional_bytes == ""
+    assert m.optional_msg == nil
+    assert m.optional_enum == :Default
+  end
+
+  def test_setters
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+    m.optional_int32 = -42
+    assert m.optional_int32 == -42
+    m.optional_int64 = -0x1_0000_0000
+    assert m.optional_int64 == -0x1_0000_0000
+    m.optional_uint32 = 0x9000_0000
+    assert m.optional_uint32 == 0x9000_0000
+    m.optional_uint64 = 0x9000_0000_0000_0000
+    assert m.optional_uint64 == 0x9000_0000_0000_0000
+    m.optional_bool = true
+    assert m.optional_bool == true
+    m.optional_float = 0.5
+    assert m.optional_float == 0.5
+    m.optional_double = 0.5
+    assert m.optional_double == 0.5
+    m.optional_string = "hello"
+    assert m.optional_string == "hello"
+    m.optional_string = :hello
+    assert m.optional_string == "hello"
+    m.optional_bytes = "world".encode!('ASCII-8BIT')
+    assert m.optional_bytes == "world"
+    m.optional_msg = proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42)
+    assert m.optional_msg == proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42)
+    m.optional_msg = nil
+    assert m.optional_msg == nil
+    m.optional_enum = :C
+    assert m.optional_enum == :C
+    m.optional_enum = 'C'
+    assert m.optional_enum == :C
+  end
+
+  def test_ctor_args
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => -42,
+                                      :optional_msg => proto_module::TestMessage2.new,
+                                      :optional_enum => :C,
+                                      :repeated_string => ["hello", "there", "world"])
+    assert m.optional_int32 == -42
+    assert m.optional_msg.class == proto_module::TestMessage2
+    assert m.repeated_string.length == 3
+    assert m.optional_enum == :C
+    assert m.repeated_string[0] == "hello"
+    assert m.repeated_string[1] == "there"
+    assert m.repeated_string[2] == "world"
+  end
+
+  def test_ctor_string_symbol_args
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_enum => 'C', :repeated_enum => ['A', 'B'])
+    assert_equal :C, m.optional_enum
+    assert_equal [:A, :B], m.repeated_enum
+
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_string => :foo, :repeated_string => [:foo, :bar])
+    assert_equal 'foo', m.optional_string
+    assert_equal ['foo', 'bar'], m.repeated_string
+  end
+
+  def test_ctor_nil_args
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_enum => nil, :optional_int32 => nil, :optional_string => nil, :optional_msg => nil)
+
+    assert_equal :Default, m.optional_enum
+    assert_equal 0, m.optional_int32
+    assert_equal "", m.optional_string
+    assert_nil m.optional_msg
+  end
+
+  def test_embeddedmsg_hash_init
+    m = proto_module::TestEmbeddedMessageParent.new(
+      :child_msg => {sub_child: {optional_int32: 1}},
+      :number => 2,
+      :repeated_msg => [{sub_child: {optional_int32: 3}}],
+      :repeated_number => [10, 20, 30])
+
+    assert_equal 2, m.number
+    assert_equal [10, 20, 30], m.repeated_number
+
+    assert_not_nil m.child_msg
+    assert_not_nil m.child_msg.sub_child
+    assert_equal m.child_msg.sub_child.optional_int32, 1
+
+    assert_not_nil m.repeated_msg
+    assert_equal 1, m.repeated_msg.length
+    assert_equal 3, m.repeated_msg.first.sub_child.optional_int32
+  end
+
+  def test_inspect_eq_to_s
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(
+      :optional_int32 => -42,
+      :optional_enum => :A,
+      :optional_msg => proto_module::TestMessage2.new,
+      :repeated_string => ["hello", "there", "world"])
+    expected = "<#{proto_module}::TestMessage: optional_int32: -42, optional_int64: 0, optional_uint32: 0, optional_uint64: 0, optional_bool: false, optional_float: 0.0, optional_double: 0.0, optional_string: \"\", optional_bytes: \"\", optional_msg: <#{proto_module}::TestMessage2: foo: 0>, optional_enum: :A, repeated_int32: [], repeated_int64: [], repeated_uint32: [], repeated_uint64: [], repeated_bool: [], repeated_float: [], repeated_double: [], repeated_string: [\"hello\", \"there\", \"world\"], repeated_bytes: [], repeated_msg: [], repeated_enum: []>"
+    assert_equal expected, m.inspect
+    assert_equal expected, m.to_s
+
+    m = proto_module::OneofMessage.new(:b => -42)
+    expected = "<#{proto_module}::OneofMessage: a: \"\", b: -42, c: nil, d: :Default>"
+    assert_equal expected, m.inspect
+    assert_equal expected, m.to_s
+  end
+
+  def test_hash
+    m1 = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42)
+    m2 = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 102, repeated_string: ['please', 'work', 'ok?'])
+    m3 = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 102, repeated_string: ['please', 'work', 'ok?'])
+    assert m1.hash != 0
+    assert m2.hash != 0
+    assert m3.hash != 0
+    # relying on the randomness here -- if hash function changes and we are
+    # unlucky enough to get a collision, then change the values above.
+    assert m1.hash != m2.hash
+    assert_equal m2.hash, m3.hash
+  end
+
+  def test_unknown_field_errors
+    e = assert_raise NoMethodError do
+      proto_module::TestMessage.new.hello
+    end
+    assert_match(/hello/, e.message)
+
+    e = assert_raise NoMethodError do
+      proto_module::TestMessage.new.hello = "world"
+    end
+    assert_match(/hello/, e.message)
+  end
+
+  def test_type_errors
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+    e = assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      m.optional_int32 = "hello"
+    end
+
+    # Google::Protobuf::TypeError should inherit from TypeError for backwards compatibility
+    # TODO: This can be removed when we can safely migrate to Google::Protobuf::TypeError
+    assert e.is_a?(::TypeError)
+
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      m.optional_string = 42
+    end
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      m.optional_string = nil
+    end
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      m.optional_bool = 42
+    end
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      m.optional_msg = proto_module::TestMessage.new  # expects TestMessage2
+    end
+
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      m.repeated_int32 = []  # needs RepeatedField
+    end
+
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      m.repeated_int32.push "hello"
+    end
+
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      m.repeated_msg.push proto_module::TestMessage.new
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_string_encoding
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+
+    # Assigning a normal (ASCII or UTF8) string to a bytes field, or
+    # ASCII-8BIT to a string field will convert to the proper encoding.
+    m.optional_bytes = "Test string ASCII".encode!('ASCII')
+    assert m.optional_bytes.frozen?
+    assert_equal Encoding::ASCII_8BIT, m.optional_bytes.encoding
+    assert_equal "Test string ASCII", m.optional_bytes
+
+    assert_raise Encoding::UndefinedConversionError do
+      m.optional_bytes = "Test string UTF-8 \u0100".encode!('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    assert_raise Encoding::UndefinedConversionError do
+      m.optional_string = ["FFFF"].pack('H*')
+    end
+
+    # "Ordinary" use case.
+    m.optional_bytes = ["FFFF"].pack('H*')
+    m.optional_string = "\u0100"
+
+    # strings are immutable so we can't do this, but serialize should catch it.
+    m.optional_string = "asdf".encode!('UTF-8')
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.optional_string.encode!('ASCII-8BIT') }
+  end
+
+  def test_rptfield_int32
+    l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:int32)
+    assert l.count == 0
+    l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:int32, [1, 2, 3])
+    assert l.count == 3
+    assert_equal [1, 2, 3], l
+    assert_equal l, [1, 2, 3]
+    l.push 4
+    assert l == [1, 2, 3, 4]
+    dst_list = []
+    l.each { |val| dst_list.push val }
+    assert dst_list == [1, 2, 3, 4]
+    assert l.to_a == [1, 2, 3, 4]
+    assert l[0] == 1
+    assert l[3] == 4
+    l[0] = 5
+    assert l == [5, 2, 3, 4]
+
+    l2 = l.dup
+    assert l == l2
+    assert l.object_id != l2.object_id
+    l2.push 6
+    assert l.count == 4
+    assert l2.count == 5
+
+    assert l.inspect == '[5, 2, 3, 4]'
+
+    l.concat([7, 8, 9])
+    assert l == [5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9]
+    assert l.pop == 9
+    assert l == [5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8]
+
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+      l.push m
+    end
+
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+    m.repeated_int32 = l
+    assert m.repeated_int32 == [5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8]
+    assert m.repeated_int32.object_id == l.object_id
+    l.push 42
+    assert m.repeated_int32.pop == 42
+
+    l3 = l + l.dup
+    assert l3.count == l.count * 2
+    l.count.times do |i|
+      assert l3[i] == l[i]
+      assert l3[l.count + i] == l[i]
+    end
+
+    l.clear
+    assert l.count == 0
+    l += [1, 2, 3, 4]
+    l.replace([5, 6, 7, 8])
+    assert l == [5, 6, 7, 8]
+
+    l4 = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:int32)
+    l4[5] = 42
+    assert l4 == [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42]
+
+    l4 << 100
+    assert l4 == [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 100]
+    l4 << 101 << 102
+    assert l4 == [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 100, 101, 102]
+  end
+
+  def test_parent_rptfield
+    #make sure we set the RepeatedField and can add to it
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+    assert m.repeated_string == []
+    m.repeated_string << 'ok'
+    m.repeated_string.push('ok2')
+    assert m.repeated_string == ['ok', 'ok2']
+    m.repeated_string += ['ok3']
+    assert m.repeated_string == ['ok', 'ok2', 'ok3']
+  end
+
+  def test_rptfield_msg
+    l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:message, proto_module::TestMessage)
+    l.push proto_module::TestMessage.new
+    assert l.count == 1
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      l.push proto_module::TestMessage2.new
+    end
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      l.push 42
+    end
+
+    l2 = l.dup
+    assert l2[0] == l[0]
+    assert l2[0].object_id == l[0].object_id
+
+    l2 = Google::Protobuf.deep_copy(l)
+    assert l2[0] == l[0]
+    assert l2[0].object_id != l[0].object_id
+
+    l3 = l + l2
+    assert l3.count == 2
+    assert l3[0] == l[0]
+    assert l3[1] == l2[0]
+    l3[0].optional_int32 = 1000
+    assert l[0].optional_int32 == 1000
+
+    new_msg = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 200)
+    l4 = l + [new_msg]
+    assert l4.count == 2
+    new_msg.optional_int32 = 1000
+    assert l4[1].optional_int32 == 1000
+  end
+
+  def test_rptfield_enum
+    l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:enum, proto_module::TestEnum)
+    l.push :A
+    l.push :B
+    l.push :C
+    assert l.count == 3
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      l.push :D
+    end
+    assert l[0] == :A
+
+    l.push 4
+    assert l[3] == 4
+  end
+
+  def test_rptfield_initialize
+    assert_raise ArgumentError do
+      Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new
+    end
+    assert_raise ArgumentError do
+      Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:message)
+    end
+    assert_raise ArgumentError do
+      Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new([1, 2, 3])
+    end
+    assert_raise ArgumentError do
+      Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:message, [proto_module::TestMessage2.new])
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_rptfield_array_ducktyping
+    l = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:int32)
+    length_methods = %w(count length size)
+    length_methods.each do |lm|
+      assert l.send(lm)  == 0
+    end
+    # out of bounds returns a nil
+    assert l[0] == nil
+    assert l[1] == nil
+    assert l[-1] == nil
+    l.push 4
+    length_methods.each do |lm|
+      assert l.send(lm) == 1
+    end
+    assert l[0] == 4
+    assert l[1] == nil
+    assert l[-1] == 4
+    assert l[-2] == nil
+
+    l.push 2
+    length_methods.each do |lm|
+      assert l.send(lm) == 2
+    end
+    assert l[0] == 4
+    assert l[1] == 2
+    assert l[2] == nil
+    assert l[-1] == 2
+    assert l[-2] == 4
+    assert l[-3] == nil
+
+    #adding out of scope will backfill with empty objects
+  end
+
+  def test_map_basic
+    # allowed key types:
+    # :int32, :int64, :uint32, :uint64, :bool, :string, :bytes.
+
+    m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int32)
+    m["asdf"] = 1
+    assert m["asdf"] == 1
+    m["jkl;"] = 42
+    assert m == { "jkl;" => 42, "asdf" => 1 }
+    assert m.has_key?("asdf")
+    assert !m.has_key?("qwerty")
+    assert m.length == 2
+
+    m2 = m.dup
+    assert_equal m, m2
+    assert m.hash != 0
+    assert_equal m.hash, m2.hash
+
+    collected = {}
+    m.each { |k,v| collected[v] = k }
+    assert collected == { 42 => "jkl;", 1 => "asdf" }
+
+    assert m.delete("asdf") == 1
+    assert !m.has_key?("asdf")
+    assert m["asdf"] == nil
+    assert !m.has_key?("asdf")
+
+    # We only assert on inspect value when there is one map entry because the
+    # order in which elements appear is unspecified (depends on the internal
+    # hash function). We don't want a brittle test.
+    assert m.inspect == "{\"jkl;\"=>42}"
+
+    assert m.keys == ["jkl;"]
+    assert m.values == [42]
+
+    m.clear
+    assert m.length == 0
+    assert m == {}
+
+    assert_raise TypeError do
+      m[1] = 1
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m["asdf"] = 0x1_0000_0000
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_map_ctor
+    m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int32,
+                                  {"a" => 1, "b" => 2, "c" => 3})
+    assert m == {"a" => 1, "c" => 3, "b" => 2}
+  end
+
+  def test_map_keytypes
+    m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:int32, :int32)
+    m[1] = 42
+    m[-1] = 42
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m[0x8000_0000] = 1
+    end
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      m["asdf"] = 1
+    end
+
+    m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:int64, :int32)
+    m[0x1000_0000_0000_0000] = 1
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m[0x1_0000_0000_0000_0000] = 1
+    end
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      m["asdf"] = 1
+    end
+
+    m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:uint32, :int32)
+    m[0x8000_0000] = 1
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m[0x1_0000_0000] = 1
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m[-1] = 1
+    end
+
+    m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:uint64, :int32)
+    m[0x8000_0000_0000_0000] = 1
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m[0x1_0000_0000_0000_0000] = 1
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m[-1] = 1
+    end
+
+    m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:bool, :int32)
+    m[true] = 1
+    m[false] = 2
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      m[1] = 1
+    end
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      m["asdf"] = 1
+    end
+
+    m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :int32)
+    m["asdf"] = 1
+    assert_raise TypeError do
+      m[1] = 1
+    end
+    assert_raise Encoding::UndefinedConversionError do
+      bytestring = ["FFFF"].pack("H*")
+      m[bytestring] = 1
+    end
+
+    m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:bytes, :int32)
+    bytestring = ["FFFF"].pack("H*")
+    m[bytestring] = 1
+    # Allowed -- we will automatically convert to ASCII-8BIT.
+    m["asdf"] = 1
+    assert_raise TypeError do
+      m[1] = 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_map_msg_enum_valuetypes
+    m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :message, proto_module::TestMessage)
+    m["asdf"] = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      m["jkl;"] = proto_module::TestMessage2.new
+    end
+
+    m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(
+      :string, :message, proto_module::TestMessage,
+      { "a" => proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42),
+        "b" => proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 84) })
+    assert m.length == 2
+    assert m.values.map{|msg| msg.optional_int32}.sort == [42, 84]
+
+    m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(:string, :enum, proto_module::TestEnum,
+                                  { "x" => :A, "y" => :B, "z" => :C })
+    assert m.length == 3
+    assert m["z"] == :C
+    m["z"] = 2
+    assert m["z"] == :B
+    m["z"] = 4
+    assert m["z"] == 4
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m["z"] = :Z
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m["z"] = "z"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_map_dup_deep_copy
+    m = Google::Protobuf::Map.new(
+      :string, :message, proto_module::TestMessage,
+      { "a" => proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42),
+        "b" => proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 84) })
+
+    m2 = m.dup
+    assert m == m2
+    assert m.object_id != m2.object_id
+    assert m["a"].object_id == m2["a"].object_id
+    assert m["b"].object_id == m2["b"].object_id
+
+    m2 = Google::Protobuf.deep_copy(m)
+    assert m == m2
+    assert m.object_id != m2.object_id
+    assert m["a"].object_id != m2["a"].object_id
+    assert m["b"].object_id != m2["b"].object_id
+  end
+
+  def test_oneof_descriptors
+    d = proto_module::OneofMessage.descriptor
+    o = d.lookup_oneof("my_oneof")
+    assert o != nil
+    assert o.class == Google::Protobuf::OneofDescriptor
+    assert o.name == "my_oneof"
+    oneof_count = 0
+    d.each_oneof{ |oneof|
+      oneof_count += 1
+      assert oneof == o
+    }
+    assert oneof_count == 1
+    assert o.count == 4
+    field_names = o.map{|f| f.name}.sort
+    assert field_names == ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
+  end
+
+  def test_oneof
+    d = proto_module::OneofMessage.new
+    assert d.a == ""
+    assert d.b == 0
+    assert d.c == nil
+    assert d.d == :Default
+    assert d.my_oneof == nil
+
+    d.a = "hi"
+    assert d.a == "hi"
+    assert d.b == 0
+    assert d.c == nil
+    assert d.d == :Default
+    assert d.my_oneof == :a
+
+    d.b = 42
+    assert d.a == ""
+    assert d.b == 42
+    assert d.c == nil
+    assert d.d == :Default
+    assert d.my_oneof == :b
+
+    d.c = proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 100)
+    assert d.a == ""
+    assert d.b == 0
+    assert d.c.foo == 100
+    assert d.d == :Default
+    assert d.my_oneof == :c
+
+    d.d = :C
+    assert d.a == ""
+    assert d.b == 0
+    assert d.c == nil
+    assert d.d == :C
+    assert d.my_oneof == :d
+
+    d2 = proto_module::OneofMessage.decode(proto_module::OneofMessage.encode(d))
+    assert d2 == d
+
+    encoded_field_a = proto_module::OneofMessage.encode(proto_module::OneofMessage.new(:a => "string"))
+    encoded_field_b = proto_module::OneofMessage.encode(proto_module::OneofMessage.new(:b => 1000))
+    encoded_field_c = proto_module::OneofMessage.encode(
+      proto_module::OneofMessage.new(:c => proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1)))
+    encoded_field_d = proto_module::OneofMessage.encode(proto_module::OneofMessage.new(:d => :B))
+
+    d3 = proto_module::OneofMessage.decode(
+      encoded_field_c + encoded_field_a + encoded_field_b + encoded_field_d)
+    assert d3.a == ""
+    assert d3.b == 0
+    assert d3.c == nil
+    assert d3.d == :B
+
+    d4 = proto_module::OneofMessage.decode(
+      encoded_field_c + encoded_field_a + encoded_field_b + encoded_field_d +
+      encoded_field_c)
+    assert d4.a == ""
+    assert d4.b == 0
+    assert d4.c.foo == 1
+    assert d4.d == :Default
+
+    d5 = proto_module::OneofMessage.new(:a => "hello")
+    assert d5.a == "hello"
+    d5.a = nil
+    assert d5.a == ""
+    assert proto_module::OneofMessage.encode(d5) == ''
+    assert d5.my_oneof == nil
+  end
+
+  def test_enum_field
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+    assert m.optional_enum == :Default
+    m.optional_enum = :A
+    assert m.optional_enum == :A
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_enum = :ASDF
+    end
+    m.optional_enum = 1
+    assert m.optional_enum == :A
+    m.optional_enum = 100
+    assert m.optional_enum == 100
+  end
+
+  def test_dup
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+    m.optional_string = "hello"
+    m.optional_int32 = 42
+    tm1 = proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 100)
+    tm2 = proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 200)
+    m.repeated_msg.push tm1
+    assert m.repeated_msg[-1] == tm1
+    m.repeated_msg.push tm2
+    assert m.repeated_msg[-1] == tm2
+    m2 = m.dup
+    assert m == m2
+    m.optional_int32 += 1
+    assert m != m2
+    assert m.repeated_msg[0] == m2.repeated_msg[0]
+    assert m.repeated_msg[0].object_id == m2.repeated_msg[0].object_id
+  end
+
+  def test_deep_copy
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42,
+                                      :repeated_msg => [proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 100)])
+    m2 = Google::Protobuf.deep_copy(m)
+    assert m == m2
+    assert m.repeated_msg == m2.repeated_msg
+    assert m.repeated_msg.object_id != m2.repeated_msg.object_id
+    assert m.repeated_msg[0].object_id != m2.repeated_msg[0].object_id
+  end
+
+  def test_eq
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42,
+                                      :repeated_int32 => [1, 2, 3])
+    m2 = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 43,
+                                       :repeated_int32 => [1, 2, 3])
+    assert m != m2
+  end
+
+  def test_enum_lookup
+    assert proto_module::TestEnum::A == 1
+    assert proto_module::TestEnum::B == 2
+    assert proto_module::TestEnum::C == 3
+
+    assert proto_module::TestEnum::lookup(1) == :A
+    assert proto_module::TestEnum::lookup(2) == :B
+    assert proto_module::TestEnum::lookup(3) == :C
+
+    assert proto_module::TestEnum::resolve(:A) == 1
+    assert proto_module::TestEnum::resolve(:B) == 2
+    assert proto_module::TestEnum::resolve(:C) == 3
+  end
+
+  def test_enum_const_get_helpers
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+    assert_equal proto_module::TestEnum::Default, m.optional_enum_const
+    assert_equal proto_module::TestEnum.const_get(:Default), m.optional_enum_const
+
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new({optional_enum: proto_module::TestEnum::A})
+    assert_equal proto_module::TestEnum::A, m.optional_enum_const
+    assert_equal proto_module::TestEnum.const_get(:A), m.optional_enum_const
+
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new({optional_enum: proto_module::TestEnum::B})
+    assert_equal proto_module::TestEnum::B, m.optional_enum_const
+    assert_equal proto_module::TestEnum.const_get(:B), m.optional_enum_const
+
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new({optional_enum: proto_module::TestEnum::C})
+    assert_equal proto_module::TestEnum::C, m.optional_enum_const
+    assert_equal proto_module::TestEnum.const_get(:C), m.optional_enum_const
+
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage2.new({foo: 2})
+    assert_equal 2, m.foo
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.foo_ }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.foo_X }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.foo_XX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.foo_XXX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.foo_XXXX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.foo_XXXXX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.foo_XXXXXX }
+
+    m = proto_module::Enumer.new({optional_enum: :B})
+    assert_equal :B, m.optional_enum
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.optional_enum_ }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.optional_enum_X }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.optional_enum_XX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.optional_enum_XXX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.optional_enum_XXXX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.optional_enum_XXXXX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.optional_enum_XXXXXX }
+  end
+
+  def test_enum_getter
+    m = proto_module::Enumer.new(:optional_enum => :B, :repeated_enum => [:A, :C])
+
+    assert_equal :B, m.optional_enum
+    assert_equal 2, m.optional_enum_const
+    assert_equal proto_module::TestEnum::B, m.optional_enum_const
+    assert_equal [:A, :C], m.repeated_enum
+    assert_equal [1, 3], m.repeated_enum_const
+    assert_equal [proto_module::TestEnum::A, proto_module::TestEnum::C], m.repeated_enum_const
+  end
+
+  def test_enum_getter_oneof
+    m = proto_module::Enumer.new(:const => :C)
+
+    assert_equal :C, m.const
+    assert_equal 3, m.const_const
+    assert_equal proto_module::TestEnum::C, m.const_const
+  end
+
+  def test_enum_getter_only_enums
+    m = proto_module::Enumer.new(:optional_enum => :B, :a_const => 'thing')
+
+    assert_equal 'thing', m.a_const
+    assert_equal :B, m.optional_enum
+
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.a }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.a_const_const }
+  end
+  
+  def test_repeated_push
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+
+    m.repeated_string += ['one']
+    m.repeated_string += %w[two three]
+    assert_equal %w[one two three], m.repeated_string
+
+    m.repeated_string.push *['four', 'five']
+    assert_equal %w[one two three four five], m.repeated_string
+
+    m.repeated_string.push 'six', 'seven'
+    assert_equal %w[one two three four five six seven], m.repeated_string
+
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+
+    m.repeated_msg += [proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1), proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)]
+    m.repeated_msg += [proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 3)]
+    m.repeated_msg.push proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 4), proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 5)
+    assert_equal [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], m.repeated_msg.map {|x| x.foo}
+  end
+
+  def test_parse_serialize
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 42,
+                                      :optional_string => "hello world",
+                                      :optional_enum => :B,
+                                      :repeated_string => ["a", "b", "c"],
+                                      :repeated_int32 => [42, 43, 44],
+                                      :repeated_enum => [:A, :B, :C, 100],
+                                      :repeated_msg => [proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                                                        proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)])
+    data = proto_module::TestMessage.encode m
+    m2 = proto_module::TestMessage.decode data
+    assert_equal m, m2
+
+    data = Google::Protobuf.encode m
+    m2 = Google::Protobuf.decode(proto_module::TestMessage, data)
+    assert m == m2
+  end
+
+  def test_encode_decode_helpers
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'])
+    assert_equal 'foo', m.optional_string
+    assert_equal ['bar1', 'bar2'], m.repeated_string
+
+    json = m.to_json
+    m2 = proto_module::TestMessage.decode_json(json)
+    assert_equal 'foo', m2.optional_string
+    assert_equal ['bar1', 'bar2'], m2.repeated_string
+    if RUBY_PLATFORM != "java"
+      assert m2.optional_string.frozen?
+      assert m2.repeated_string[0].frozen?
+    end
+
+    proto = m.to_proto
+    m2 = proto_module::TestMessage.decode(proto)
+    assert_equal 'foo', m2.optional_string
+    assert_equal ['bar1', 'bar2'], m2.repeated_string
+  end
+
+  def test_protobuf_encode_decode_helpers
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'])
+    encoded_msg = Google::Protobuf.encode(m)
+    assert_equal m.to_proto, encoded_msg
+
+    decoded_msg = Google::Protobuf.decode(proto_module::TestMessage, encoded_msg)
+    assert_equal proto_module::TestMessage.decode(m.to_proto), decoded_msg
+  end
+
+  def test_protobuf_encode_decode_json_helpers
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'])
+    encoded_msg = Google::Protobuf.encode_json(m)
+    assert_equal m.to_json, encoded_msg
+
+    decoded_msg = Google::Protobuf.decode_json(proto_module::TestMessage, encoded_msg)
+    assert_equal proto_module::TestMessage.decode_json(m.to_json), decoded_msg
+  end
+
+  def test_def_errors
+    s = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.new
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      s.build do
+        # enum with no default (integer value 0)
+        add_enum "MyEnum" do
+          value :A, 1
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::TypeError do
+      s.build do
+        # message with required field (unsupported in proto3)
+        add_message "MyMessage" do
+          required :foo, :int32, 1
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_corecursive
+    # just be sure that we can instantiate types with corecursive field-type
+    # references.
+    m = proto_module::Recursive1.new(:foo => proto_module::Recursive2.new(:foo => proto_module::Recursive1.new))
+    assert proto_module::Recursive1.descriptor.lookup("foo").subtype ==
+           proto_module::Recursive2.descriptor
+    assert proto_module::Recursive2.descriptor.lookup("foo").subtype ==
+           proto_module::Recursive1.descriptor
+
+    serialized = proto_module::Recursive1.encode(m)
+    m2 = proto_module::Recursive1.decode(serialized)
+    assert m == m2
+  end
+
+  def test_serialize_cycle
+    m = proto_module::Recursive1.new(:foo => proto_module::Recursive2.new)
+    m.foo.foo = m
+    assert_raise RuntimeError do
+      proto_module::Recursive1.encode(m)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_bad_field_names
+    m = proto_module::BadFieldNames.new(:dup => 1, :class => 2)
+    m2 = m.dup
+    assert m == m2
+    assert m['dup'] == 1
+    assert m['class'] == 2
+    m['dup'] = 3
+    assert m['dup'] == 3
+  end
+
+  def test_int_ranges
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+
+    m.optional_int32 = 0
+    m.optional_int32 = -0x8000_0000
+    m.optional_int32 = +0x7fff_ffff
+    m.optional_int32 = 1.0
+    m.optional_int32 = -1.0
+    m.optional_int32 = 2e9
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_int32 = -0x8000_0001
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_int32 = +0x8000_0000
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_int32 = +0x1000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 # force Bignum
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_int32 = 1e12
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_int32 = 1.5
+    end
+
+    m.optional_uint32 = 0
+    m.optional_uint32 = +0xffff_ffff
+    m.optional_uint32 = 1.0
+    m.optional_uint32 = 4e9
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint32 = -1
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint32 = -1.5
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint32 = -1.5e12
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint32 = -0x1000_0000_0000_0000
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint32 = +0x1_0000_0000
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint32 = +0x1000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 # force Bignum
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint32 = 1e12
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint32 = 1.5
+    end
+
+    m.optional_int64 = 0
+    m.optional_int64 = -0x8000_0000_0000_0000
+    m.optional_int64 = +0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffff
+    m.optional_int64 = 1.0
+    m.optional_int64 = -1.0
+    m.optional_int64 = 8e18
+    m.optional_int64 = -8e18
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_int64 = -0x8000_0000_0000_0001
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_int64 = +0x8000_0000_0000_0000
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_int64 = +0x1000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 # force Bignum
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_int64 = 1e50
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_int64 = 1.5
+    end
+
+    m.optional_uint64 = 0
+    m.optional_uint64 = +0xffff_ffff_ffff_ffff
+    m.optional_uint64 = 1.0
+    m.optional_uint64 = 16e18
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint64 = -1
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint64 = -1.5
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint64 = -1.5e12
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint64 = -0x1_0000_0000_0000_0000
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint64 = +0x1_0000_0000_0000_0000
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint64 = +0x1000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 # force Bignum
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint64 = 1e50
+    end
+    assert_raise RangeError do
+      m.optional_uint64 = 1.5
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_stress_test
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+    m.optional_int32 = 42
+    m.optional_int64 = 0x100000000
+    m.optional_string = "hello world"
+    10.times do m.repeated_msg.push proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42) end
+    10.times do m.repeated_string.push "hello world" end
+
+    data = proto_module::TestMessage.encode(m)
+
+    10_000.times do
+      m = proto_module::TestMessage.decode(data)
+      data_new = proto_module::TestMessage.encode(m)
+      assert data_new == data
+      data = data_new
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_reflection
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 1234)
+    msgdef = m.class.descriptor
+    assert msgdef.class == Google::Protobuf::Descriptor
+    assert msgdef.any? {|field| field.name == "optional_int32"}
+    optional_int32 = msgdef.lookup "optional_int32"
+    assert optional_int32.class == Google::Protobuf::FieldDescriptor
+    assert optional_int32 != nil
+    assert optional_int32.name == "optional_int32"
+    assert optional_int32.type == :int32
+    optional_int32.set(m, 5678)
+    assert m.optional_int32 == 5678
+    m.optional_int32 = 1000
+    assert optional_int32.get(m) == 1000
+
+    optional_msg = msgdef.lookup "optional_msg"
+    assert optional_msg.subtype == proto_module::TestMessage2.descriptor
+
+    optional_msg.set(m, optional_msg.subtype.msgclass.new)
+
+    assert msgdef.msgclass == proto_module::TestMessage
+
+    optional_enum = msgdef.lookup "optional_enum"
+    assert optional_enum.subtype == proto_module::TestEnum.descriptor
+    assert optional_enum.subtype.class == Google::Protobuf::EnumDescriptor
+    optional_enum.subtype.each do |k, v|
+      # set with integer, check resolution to symbolic name
+      optional_enum.set(m, v)
+      assert optional_enum.get(m) == k
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_json
+    # TODO: Fix JSON in JRuby version.
+    return if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_int32 => 1234,
+                                      :optional_int64 => -0x1_0000_0000,
+                                      :optional_uint32 => 0x8000_0000,
+                                      :optional_uint64 => 0xffff_ffff_ffff_ffff,
+                                      :optional_bool => true,
+                                      :optional_float => 1.0,
+                                      :optional_double => -1e100,
+                                      :optional_string => "Test string",
+                                      :optional_bytes => ["FFFFFFFF"].pack('H*'),
+                                      :optional_msg => proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 42),
+                                      :repeated_int32 => [1, 2, 3, 4],
+                                      :repeated_string => ["a", "b", "c"],
+                                      :repeated_bool => [true, false, true, false],
+                                      :repeated_msg => [proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1),
+                                                        proto_module::TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)])
+
+    json_text = proto_module::TestMessage.encode_json(m)
+    m2 = proto_module::TestMessage.decode_json(json_text)
+    assert_equal m, m2
+
+    # Crash case from GitHub issue 283.
+    bar = proto_module::Bar.new(msg: "bar")
+    baz1 = proto_module::Baz.new(msg: "baz")
+    baz2 = proto_module::Baz.new(msg: "quux")
+    proto_module::Foo.encode_json(proto_module::Foo.new)
+    proto_module::Foo.encode_json(proto_module::Foo.new(bar: bar))
+    proto_module::Foo.encode_json(proto_module::Foo.new(bar: bar, baz: [baz1, baz2]))
+  end
+
+  def test_json_empty
+    assert proto_module::TestMessage.encode_json(proto_module::TestMessage.new) == '{}'
+  end
+
+  def test_json_emit_defaults
+    # TODO: Fix JSON in JRuby version.
+    return if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+
+    expected = {
+      optionalInt32: 0,
+      optionalInt64: "0",
+      optionalUint32: 0,
+      optionalUint64: "0",
+      optionalBool: false,
+      optionalFloat: 0,
+      optionalDouble: 0,
+      optionalString: "",
+      optionalBytes: "",
+      optionalEnum: "Default",
+      repeatedInt32: [],
+      repeatedInt64: [],
+      repeatedUint32: [],
+      repeatedUint64: [],
+      repeatedBool: [],
+      repeatedFloat: [],
+      repeatedDouble: [],
+      repeatedString: [],
+      repeatedBytes: [],
+      repeatedMsg: [],
+      repeatedEnum: []
+    }
+
+    actual = proto_module::TestMessage.encode_json(m, :emit_defaults => true)
+
+    assert_equal expected, JSON.parse(actual, :symbolize_names => true)
+  end
+
+  def test_json_emit_defaults_submsg
+    # TODO: Fix JSON in JRuby version.
+    return if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(optional_msg: proto_module::TestMessage2.new)
+
+    expected = {
+      optionalInt32: 0,
+      optionalInt64: "0",
+      optionalUint32: 0,
+      optionalUint64: "0",
+      optionalBool: false,
+      optionalFloat: 0,
+      optionalDouble: 0,
+      optionalString: "",
+      optionalBytes: "",
+      optionalMsg: {foo: 0},
+      optionalEnum: "Default",
+      repeatedInt32: [],
+      repeatedInt64: [],
+      repeatedUint32: [],
+      repeatedUint64: [],
+      repeatedBool: [],
+      repeatedFloat: [],
+      repeatedDouble: [],
+      repeatedString: [],
+      repeatedBytes: [],
+      repeatedMsg: [],
+      repeatedEnum: []
+    }
+
+    actual = proto_module::TestMessage.encode_json(m, :emit_defaults => true)
+
+    assert_equal expected, JSON.parse(actual, :symbolize_names => true)
+  end
+
+  def test_json_emit_defaults_repeated_submsg
+    # TODO: Fix JSON in JRuby version.
+    return if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new(repeated_msg: [proto_module::TestMessage2.new])
+
+    expected = {
+      optionalInt32: 0,
+      optionalInt64: "0",
+      optionalUint32: 0,
+      optionalUint64: "0",
+      optionalBool: false,
+      optionalFloat: 0,
+      optionalDouble: 0,
+      optionalString: "",
+      optionalBytes: "",
+      optionalEnum: "Default",
+      repeatedInt32: [],
+      repeatedInt64: [],
+      repeatedUint32: [],
+      repeatedUint64: [],
+      repeatedBool: [],
+      repeatedFloat: [],
+      repeatedDouble: [],
+      repeatedString: [],
+      repeatedBytes: [],
+      repeatedMsg: [{foo: 0}],
+      repeatedEnum: []
+    }
+
+    actual = proto_module::TestMessage.encode_json(m, :emit_defaults => true)
+
+    assert_equal expected, JSON.parse(actual, :symbolize_names => true)
+  end
+
+  def value_from_ruby(value)
+    ret = Google::Protobuf::Value.new
+    case value
+    when String
+      ret.string_value = value
+    when Google::Protobuf::Struct
+      ret.struct_value = value
+    when Hash
+      ret.struct_value = struct_from_ruby(value)
+    when Google::Protobuf::ListValue
+      ret.list_value = value
+    when Array
+      ret.list_value = list_from_ruby(value)
+    else
+      @log.error "Unknown type: #{value.class}"
+      raise Google::Protobuf::Error, "Unknown type: #{value.class}"
+    end
+    ret
+  end
+
+  def list_from_ruby(arr)
+    ret = Google::Protobuf::ListValue.new
+    arr.each do |v|
+      ret.values << value_from_ruby(v)
+    end
+    ret
+  end
+
+  def struct_from_ruby(hash)
+    ret = Google::Protobuf::Struct.new
+    hash.each do |k, v|
+      ret.fields[k] ||= value_from_ruby(v)
+    end
+    ret
+  end
+
+  def test_deep_json
+    # will not overflow
+    json = '{"a":{"a":{"a":{"a":{"a":{"a":{"a":{"a":{"a":{"a":{"a":'\
+           '{"a":{"a":{"a":{"a":{}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}'
+
+    struct = struct_from_ruby(JSON.parse(json))
+    assert_equal json, struct.to_json
+
+    encoded = proto_module::MyRepeatedStruct.encode(
+      proto_module::MyRepeatedStruct.new(structs: [proto_module::MyStruct.new(struct: struct)]))
+    assert_equal json, proto_module::MyRepeatedStruct.decode(encoded).structs[0].struct.to_json
+
+    # will overflow
+    json = '{"a":{"a":{"a":[{"a":{"a":[{"a":[{"a":{"a":[{"a":[{"a":'\
+           '{"a":[{"a":[{"a":{"a":{"a":[{"a":"a"}]}}}]}]}}]}]}}]}]}}]}}}'
+
+    struct = struct_from_ruby(JSON.parse(json))
+    assert_equal json, struct.to_json
+
+    assert_raise(RuntimeError, "Maximum recursion depth exceeded during encoding") do
+      proto_module::MyRepeatedStruct.encode(
+        proto_module::MyRepeatedStruct.new(structs: [proto_module::MyStruct.new(struct: struct)]))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_comparison_with_arbitrary_object
+    assert proto_module::TestMessage.new != nil
+  end
+
+  def test_wrappers_set_to_default
+    run_asserts = ->(m) {
+      assert_equal 0.0, m.double.value
+      assert_equal 0.0, m.float.value
+      assert_equal 0, m.int32.value
+      assert_equal 0, m.int64.value
+      assert_equal 0, m.uint32.value
+      assert_equal 0, m.uint64.value
+      assert_equal false, m.bool.value
+      assert_equal '', m.string.value
+      assert_equal '', m.bytes.value
+    }
+
+    m = proto_module::Wrapper.new(
+      double: Google::Protobuf::DoubleValue.new(value: 0.0),
+      float: Google::Protobuf::FloatValue.new(value: 0.0),
+      int32: Google::Protobuf::Int32Value.new(value: 0),
+      int64: Google::Protobuf::Int64Value.new(value: 0),
+      uint32: Google::Protobuf::UInt32Value.new(value: 0),
+      uint64: Google::Protobuf::UInt64Value.new(value: 0),
+      bool: Google::Protobuf::BoolValue.new(value: false),
+      string: Google::Protobuf::StringValue.new(value: ""),
+      bytes: Google::Protobuf::BytesValue.new(value: ''),
+    )
+
+    run_asserts.call(m)
+    m2 = proto_module::Wrapper.decode(m.to_proto)
+    run_asserts.call(m2)
+    m3 = proto_module::Wrapper.decode_json(m.to_json)
+  end
+
+  def test_wrapper_getters
+    run_asserts = ->(m) {
+      assert_equal 2.0, m.double_as_value
+      assert_equal 2.0, m.double.value
+      assert_equal 2.0, m.double_as_value
+
+      assert_equal 4.0, m.float_as_value
+      assert_equal 4.0, m.float.value
+      assert_equal 4.0, m.float_as_value
+
+      assert_equal 3, m.int32_as_value
+      assert_equal 3, m.int32.value
+      assert_equal 3, m.int32_as_value
+
+      assert_equal 4, m.int64_as_value
+      assert_equal 4, m.int64.value
+      assert_equal 4, m.int64_as_value
+
+      assert_equal 5, m.uint32_as_value
+      assert_equal 5, m.uint32.value
+      assert_equal 5, m.uint32_as_value
+
+      assert_equal 6, m.uint64_as_value
+      assert_equal 6, m.uint64.value
+      assert_equal 6, m.uint64_as_value
+
+      assert_equal true, m.bool_as_value
+      assert_equal true, m.bool.value
+      assert_equal true, m.bool_as_value
+
+      assert_equal "st\nr", m.string_as_value
+      assert_equal "st\nr", m.string.value
+      assert_equal "st\nr", m.string_as_value
+
+      assert_equal 'fun', m.bytes_as_value
+      assert_equal 'fun', m.bytes.value
+      assert_equal 'fun', m.bytes_as_value
+    }
+
+    m = proto_module::Wrapper.new(
+      double: Google::Protobuf::DoubleValue.new(value: 2.0),
+      float: Google::Protobuf::FloatValue.new(value: 4.0),
+      int32: Google::Protobuf::Int32Value.new(value: 3),
+      int64: Google::Protobuf::Int64Value.new(value: 4),
+      uint32: Google::Protobuf::UInt32Value.new(value: 5),
+      uint64: Google::Protobuf::UInt64Value.new(value: 6),
+      bool: Google::Protobuf::BoolValue.new(value: true),
+      string: Google::Protobuf::StringValue.new(value: "st\nr"),
+      bytes: Google::Protobuf::BytesValue.new(value: 'fun'),
+      real_string: '100'
+    )
+
+    run_asserts.call(m)
+    serialized = proto_module::Wrapper::encode(m)
+    m2 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized)
+    run_asserts.call(m2)
+
+    # Test the case where we are serializing directly from the parsed form
+    # (before anything lazy is materialized).
+    m3 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized)
+    serialized2 = proto_module::Wrapper::encode(m3)
+    m4 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized2)
+    run_asserts.call(m4)
+
+    # Test that the lazy form compares equal to the expanded form.
+    m5 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized2)
+    assert_equal m5, m
+
+    serialized_json = proto_module::Wrapper::encode_json(m)
+    m6 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode_json(serialized_json)
+    assert_equal m6, m
+  end
+
+  def test_repeated_wrappers
+    run_asserts = ->(m) {
+      assert_equal 2.0, m.repeated_double[0].value
+      assert_equal 4.0, m.repeated_float[0].value
+      assert_equal 3, m.repeated_int32[0].value
+      assert_equal 4, m.repeated_int64[0].value
+      assert_equal 5, m.repeated_uint32[0].value
+      assert_equal 6, m.repeated_uint64[0].value
+      assert_equal true, m.repeated_bool[0].value
+      assert_equal 'str', m.repeated_string[0].value
+      assert_equal 'fun', m.repeated_bytes[0].value
+    }
+
+    m = proto_module::Wrapper.new(
+      repeated_double: [Google::Protobuf::DoubleValue.new(value: 2.0)],
+      repeated_float: [Google::Protobuf::FloatValue.new(value: 4.0)],
+      repeated_int32: [Google::Protobuf::Int32Value.new(value: 3)],
+      repeated_int64: [Google::Protobuf::Int64Value.new(value: 4)],
+      repeated_uint32: [Google::Protobuf::UInt32Value.new(value: 5)],
+      repeated_uint64: [Google::Protobuf::UInt64Value.new(value: 6)],
+      repeated_bool: [Google::Protobuf::BoolValue.new(value: true)],
+      repeated_string: [Google::Protobuf::StringValue.new(value: 'str')],
+      repeated_bytes: [Google::Protobuf::BytesValue.new(value: 'fun')],
+    )
+
+    run_asserts.call(m)
+    serialized = proto_module::Wrapper::encode(m)
+    m2 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized)
+    run_asserts.call(m2)
+
+    # Test the case where we are serializing directly from the parsed form
+    # (before anything lazy is materialized).
+    m3 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized)
+    serialized2 = proto_module::Wrapper::encode(m3)
+    m4 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized2)
+    run_asserts.call(m4)
+
+    # Test that the lazy form compares equal to the expanded form.
+    m5 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized2)
+    assert_equal m5, m
+
+    # Test JSON.
+    serialized_json = proto_module::Wrapper::encode_json(m5)
+    m6 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode_json(serialized_json)
+    run_asserts.call(m6)
+    assert_equal m6, m
+  end
+
+  def test_oneof_wrappers
+    run_test = ->(m) {
+      serialized = proto_module::Wrapper::encode(m)
+      m2 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized)
+
+      # Encode directly from lazy form.
+      serialized2 = proto_module::Wrapper::encode(m2)
+
+      assert_equal m, m2
+      assert_equal serialized, serialized2
+
+      serialized_json = proto_module::Wrapper::encode_json(m)
+      m3 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode_json(serialized_json)
+      assert_equal m, m3
+    }
+
+    m = proto_module::Wrapper.new()
+
+    run_test.call(m)
+    m.oneof_double_as_value = 2.0
+    run_test.call(m)
+    m.oneof_float_as_value = 4.0
+    run_test.call(m)
+    m.oneof_int32_as_value = 3
+    run_test.call(m)
+    m.oneof_int64_as_value = 5
+    run_test.call(m)
+    m.oneof_uint32_as_value = 6
+    run_test.call(m)
+    m.oneof_uint64_as_value = 7
+    run_test.call(m)
+    m.oneof_string_as_value = 'str'
+    run_test.call(m)
+    m.oneof_bytes_as_value = 'fun'
+    run_test.call(m)
+  end
+
+  def test_top_level_wrappers
+    # We don't expect anyone to do this, but we should also make sure it does
+    # the right thing.
+    run_test = ->(klass, val) {
+      m = klass.new(value: val)
+      serialized = klass::encode(m)
+      m2 = klass::decode(serialized)
+
+      # Encode directly from lazy form.
+      serialized2 = klass::encode(m2)
+
+      assert_equal m, m2
+      assert_equal serialized, serialized2
+
+      serialized_json = klass::encode_json(m)
+
+      # This is nonsensical to do and does not work.  There is no good reason
+      # to parse a wrapper type directly.
+      assert_raise(RuntimeError) { klass::decode_json(serialized_json) }
+    }
+
+    run_test.call(Google::Protobuf::DoubleValue, 2.0)
+    run_test.call(Google::Protobuf::FloatValue, 4.0)
+    run_test.call(Google::Protobuf::Int32Value, 3)
+    run_test.call(Google::Protobuf::Int64Value, 4)
+    run_test.call(Google::Protobuf::UInt32Value, 5)
+    run_test.call(Google::Protobuf::UInt64Value, 6)
+    run_test.call(Google::Protobuf::BoolValue, true)
+    run_test.call(Google::Protobuf::StringValue, 'str')
+    run_test.call(Google::Protobuf::BytesValue, 'fun')
+  end
+
+  def test_wrapper_setters_as_value
+    run_asserts = ->(m) {
+      m.double_as_value = 4.8
+      assert_equal 4.8, m.double_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::DoubleValue.new(value: 4.8), m.double
+      m.float_as_value = 2.4
+      assert_in_delta 2.4, m.float_as_value
+      assert_in_delta Google::Protobuf::FloatValue.new(value: 2.4).value, m.float.value
+      m.int32_as_value = 5
+      assert_equal 5, m.int32_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::Int32Value.new(value: 5), m.int32
+      m.int64_as_value = 15
+      assert_equal 15, m.int64_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::Int64Value.new(value: 15), m.int64
+      m.uint32_as_value = 50
+      assert_equal 50, m.uint32_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::UInt32Value.new(value: 50), m.uint32
+      m.uint64_as_value = 500
+      assert_equal 500, m.uint64_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::UInt64Value.new(value: 500), m.uint64
+      m.bool_as_value = false
+      assert_equal false, m.bool_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::BoolValue.new(value: false), m.bool
+      m.string_as_value = 'xy'
+      assert_equal 'xy', m.string_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::StringValue.new(value: 'xy'), m.string
+      m.bytes_as_value = '123'
+      assert_equal '123', m.bytes_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::BytesValue.new(value: '123'), m.bytes
+
+      m.double_as_value = nil
+      assert_nil m.double
+      assert_nil m.double_as_value
+      m.float_as_value = nil
+      assert_nil m.float
+      assert_nil m.float_as_value
+      m.int32_as_value = nil
+      assert_nil m.int32
+      assert_nil m.int32_as_value
+      m.int64_as_value = nil
+      assert_nil m.int64
+      assert_nil m.int64_as_value
+      m.uint32_as_value = nil
+      assert_nil m.uint32
+      assert_nil m.uint32_as_value
+      m.uint64_as_value = nil
+      assert_nil m.uint64
+      assert_nil m.uint64_as_value
+      m.bool_as_value = nil
+      assert_nil m.bool
+      assert_nil m.bool_as_value
+      m.string_as_value = nil
+      assert_nil m.string
+      assert_nil m.string_as_value
+      m.bytes_as_value = nil
+      assert_nil m.bytes
+      assert_nil m.bytes_as_value
+    }
+
+    m = proto_module::Wrapper.new
+
+    m2 = proto_module::Wrapper.new(
+      double: Google::Protobuf::DoubleValue.new(value: 2.0),
+      float: Google::Protobuf::FloatValue.new(value: 4.0),
+      int32: Google::Protobuf::Int32Value.new(value: 3),
+      int64: Google::Protobuf::Int64Value.new(value: 4),
+      uint32: Google::Protobuf::UInt32Value.new(value: 5),
+      uint64: Google::Protobuf::UInt64Value.new(value: 6),
+      bool: Google::Protobuf::BoolValue.new(value: true),
+      string: Google::Protobuf::StringValue.new(value: 'str'),
+      bytes: Google::Protobuf::BytesValue.new(value: 'fun'),
+      real_string: '100'
+    )
+
+    run_asserts.call(m2)
+
+    serialized = proto_module::Wrapper::encode(m2)
+    m3 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized)
+    run_asserts.call(m3)
+  end
+
+  def test_wrapper_setters
+    run_asserts = ->(m) {
+      m.double = Google::Protobuf::DoubleValue.new(value: 4.8)
+      assert_equal 4.8, m.double_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::DoubleValue.new(value: 4.8), m.double
+      m.float = Google::Protobuf::FloatValue.new(value: 2.4)
+      assert_in_delta 2.4, m.float_as_value
+      assert_in_delta Google::Protobuf::FloatValue.new(value: 2.4).value, m.float.value
+      m.int32 = Google::Protobuf::Int32Value.new(value: 5)
+      assert_equal 5, m.int32_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::Int32Value.new(value: 5), m.int32
+      m.int64 = Google::Protobuf::Int64Value.new(value: 15)
+      assert_equal 15, m.int64_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::Int64Value.new(value: 15), m.int64
+      m.uint32 = Google::Protobuf::UInt32Value.new(value: 50)
+      assert_equal 50, m.uint32_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::UInt32Value.new(value: 50), m.uint32
+      m.uint64 = Google::Protobuf::UInt64Value.new(value: 500)
+      assert_equal 500, m.uint64_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::UInt64Value.new(value: 500), m.uint64
+      m.bool = Google::Protobuf::BoolValue.new(value: false)
+      assert_equal false, m.bool_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::BoolValue.new(value: false), m.bool
+      m.string = Google::Protobuf::StringValue.new(value: 'xy')
+      assert_equal 'xy', m.string_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::StringValue.new(value: 'xy'), m.string
+      m.bytes = Google::Protobuf::BytesValue.new(value: '123')
+      assert_equal '123', m.bytes_as_value
+      assert_equal Google::Protobuf::BytesValue.new(value: '123'), m.bytes
+
+      m.double = nil
+      assert_nil m.double
+      assert_nil m.double_as_value
+      m.float = nil
+      assert_nil m.float
+      assert_nil m.float_as_value
+      m.int32 = nil
+      assert_nil m.int32
+      assert_nil m.int32_as_value
+      m.int64 = nil
+      assert_nil m.int64
+      assert_nil m.int64_as_value
+      m.uint32 = nil
+      assert_nil m.uint32
+      assert_nil m.uint32_as_value
+      m.uint64 = nil
+      assert_nil m.uint64
+      assert_nil m.uint64_as_value
+      m.bool = nil
+      assert_nil m.bool
+      assert_nil m.bool_as_value
+      m.string = nil
+      assert_nil m.string
+      assert_nil m.string_as_value
+      m.bytes = nil
+      assert_nil m.bytes
+      assert_nil m.bytes_as_value
+    }
+
+    m = proto_module::Wrapper.new
+    run_asserts.call(m)
+
+    m2 = proto_module::Wrapper.new(
+      double: Google::Protobuf::DoubleValue.new(value: 2.0),
+      float: Google::Protobuf::FloatValue.new(value: 4.0),
+      int32: Google::Protobuf::Int32Value.new(value: 3),
+      int64: Google::Protobuf::Int64Value.new(value: 4),
+      uint32: Google::Protobuf::UInt32Value.new(value: 5),
+      uint64: Google::Protobuf::UInt64Value.new(value: 6),
+      bool: Google::Protobuf::BoolValue.new(value: true),
+      string: Google::Protobuf::StringValue.new(value: 'str'),
+      bytes: Google::Protobuf::BytesValue.new(value: 'fun'),
+      real_string: '100'
+    )
+
+    run_asserts.call(m2)
+
+    serialized = proto_module::Wrapper::encode(m2)
+    m3 = proto_module::Wrapper::decode(serialized)
+    run_asserts.call(m3)
+  end
+
+  def test_wrappers_only
+    m = proto_module::Wrapper.new(real_string: 'hi', string_in_oneof: 'there')
+
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.real_string_as_value }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.as_value }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m._as_value }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.string_in_oneof_as_value }
+
+    m = proto_module::Wrapper.new
+    m.string_as_value = 'you'
+    assert_equal 'you', m.string.value
+    assert_equal 'you', m.string_as_value
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.string_ }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.string_X }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.string_XX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.string_XXX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.string_XXXX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.string_XXXXX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.string_XXXXXX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.string_XXXXXXX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.string_XXXXXXXX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.string_XXXXXXXXX }
+    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { m.string_XXXXXXXXXX }
+  end
+
+  def test_converts_time
+    m = proto_module::TimeMessage.new
+
+    m.timestamp = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new(seconds: 5, nanos: 6)
+    assert_kind_of Google::Protobuf::Timestamp, m.timestamp
+    assert_equal 5, m.timestamp.seconds
+    assert_equal 6, m.timestamp.nanos
+
+    m.timestamp = Time.at(9466, 123456.789)
+    assert_equal Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new(seconds: 9466, nanos: 123456789), m.timestamp
+
+    m = proto_module::TimeMessage.new(timestamp: Time.at(1))
+    assert_equal Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new(seconds: 1, nanos: 0), m.timestamp
+
+    assert_raise(Google::Protobuf::TypeError) { m.timestamp = 2 }
+    assert_raise(Google::Protobuf::TypeError) { m.timestamp = 2.4 }
+    assert_raise(Google::Protobuf::TypeError) { m.timestamp = '4' }
+    assert_raise(Google::Protobuf::TypeError) { m.timestamp = proto_module::TimeMessage.new }
+
+    def test_time(year, month, day)
+      str = ("\"%04d-%02d-%02dT00:00:00.000+00:00\"" % [year, month, day])
+      t = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.decode_json(str)
+      time = Time.new(year, month, day, 0, 0, 0, "+00:00")
+      assert_equal t.seconds, time.to_i
+    end
+
+    (1970..2010).each do |year|
+      test_time(year, 2, 28)
+      test_time(year, 3, 01)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_converts_duration
+    m = proto_module::TimeMessage.new
+
+    m.duration = Google::Protobuf::Duration.new(seconds: 2, nanos: 22)
+    assert_kind_of Google::Protobuf::Duration, m.duration
+    assert_equal 2, m.duration.seconds
+    assert_equal 22, m.duration.nanos
+
+    m.duration = 10.5
+    assert_equal Google::Protobuf::Duration.new(seconds: 10, nanos: 500_000_000), m.duration
+
+    m.duration = 200
+    assert_equal Google::Protobuf::Duration.new(seconds: 200, nanos: 0), m.duration
+
+    m.duration = Rational(3, 2)
+    assert_equal Google::Protobuf::Duration.new(seconds: 1, nanos: 500_000_000), m.duration
+
+    m.duration = BigDecimal.new("5")
+    assert_equal Google::Protobuf::Duration.new(seconds: 5, nanos: 0), m.duration
+
+    m = proto_module::TimeMessage.new(duration: 1.1)
+    assert_equal Google::Protobuf::Duration.new(seconds: 1, nanos: 100_000_000), m.duration
+
+    assert_raise(Google::Protobuf::TypeError) { m.duration = '2' }
+    assert_raise(Google::Protobuf::TypeError) { m.duration = proto_module::TimeMessage.new }
+  end
+
+  def test_freeze
+    m = proto_module::TestMessage.new
+    m.optional_int32 = 10
+    m.freeze
+
+    frozen_error = assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.optional_int32 = 20 }
+    assert_equal "can't modify frozen #{proto_module}::TestMessage", frozen_error.message
+    assert_equal 10, m.optional_int32
+    assert_equal true, m.frozen?
+
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.optional_int64 = 2 }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.optional_uint32 = 3 }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.optional_uint64 = 4 }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.optional_bool = true }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.optional_float = 6.0 }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.optional_double = 7.0 }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.optional_string = '8' }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.optional_bytes = nil }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.optional_msg = proto_module::TestMessage2.new }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.optional_enum = :A }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.repeated_int32 = 1 }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.repeated_int64 = 2 }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.repeated_uint32 = 3 }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.repeated_uint64 = 4 }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.repeated_bool = true }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.repeated_float = 6.0 }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.repeated_double = 7.0 }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.repeated_string = '8' }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.repeated_bytes = nil }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.repeated_msg = proto_module::TestMessage2.new }
+    assert_raise(FrozenErrorType) { m.repeated_enum = :A }
+  end
+  
+  def test_eq
+    m1 = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'])
+    m2 = proto_module::TestMessage.new(:optional_string => 'foo', :repeated_string => ['bar1', 'bar2'])
+
+    h = {}
+    h[m1] = :yes
+
+    assert m1 == m2
+    assert m1.eql?(m2)
+    assert m1.hash == m2.hash
+    assert h[m1] == :yes
+    assert h[m2] == :yes
+
+    m1.optional_int32 = 2
+
+    assert m1 != m2
+    assert !m1.eql?(m2)
+    assert m1.hash != m2.hash
+    assert_nil h[m2]
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/encode_decode_test.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/encode_decode_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3cebab21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/encode_decode_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+# generated_code.rb is in the same directory as this test.
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)))
+
+require 'generated_code_pb'
+require 'test/unit'
+
+def hex2bin(s)
+  s.scan(/../).map { |x| x.hex.chr }.join
+end
+
+class EncodeDecodeTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def test_discard_unknown
+    # Test discard unknown in message.
+    unknown_msg = A::B::C::TestUnknown.new(:unknown_field => 1)
+    from = A::B::C::TestUnknown.encode(unknown_msg)
+    m = A::B::C::TestMessage.decode(from)
+    Google::Protobuf.discard_unknown(m)
+    to = A::B::C::TestMessage.encode(m)
+    assert_equal '', to
+
+    # Test discard unknown for singular message field.
+    unknown_msg = A::B::C::TestUnknown.new(
+            :optional_unknown =>
+            A::B::C::TestUnknown.new(:unknown_field => 1))
+    from = A::B::C::TestUnknown.encode(unknown_msg)
+    m = A::B::C::TestMessage.decode(from)
+    Google::Protobuf.discard_unknown(m)
+    to = A::B::C::TestMessage.encode(m.optional_msg)
+    assert_equal '', to
+
+    # Test discard unknown for repeated message field.
+    unknown_msg = A::B::C::TestUnknown.new(
+            :repeated_unknown =>
+            [A::B::C::TestUnknown.new(:unknown_field => 1)])
+    from = A::B::C::TestUnknown.encode(unknown_msg)
+    m = A::B::C::TestMessage.decode(from)
+    Google::Protobuf.discard_unknown(m)
+    to = A::B::C::TestMessage.encode(m.repeated_msg[0])
+    assert_equal '', to
+
+    # Test discard unknown for map value message field.
+    unknown_msg = A::B::C::TestUnknown.new(
+            :map_unknown =>
+            {"" => A::B::C::TestUnknown.new(:unknown_field => 1)})
+    from = A::B::C::TestUnknown.encode(unknown_msg)
+    m = A::B::C::TestMessage.decode(from)
+    Google::Protobuf.discard_unknown(m)
+    to = A::B::C::TestMessage.encode(m.map_string_msg[''])
+    assert_equal '', to
+
+    # Test discard unknown for oneof message field.
+    unknown_msg = A::B::C::TestUnknown.new(
+            :oneof_unknown =>
+            A::B::C::TestUnknown.new(:unknown_field => 1))
+    from = A::B::C::TestUnknown.encode(unknown_msg)
+    m = A::B::C::TestMessage.decode(from)
+    Google::Protobuf.discard_unknown(m)
+    to = A::B::C::TestMessage.encode(m.oneof_msg)
+    assert_equal '', to
+  end
+
+  def test_encode_json
+    msg = A::B::C::TestMessage.new({ optional_int32: 22 })
+    json = msg.to_json
+
+    to = A::B::C::TestMessage.decode_json(json)
+    assert_equal to.optional_int32, 22
+
+    msg = A::B::C::TestMessage.new({ optional_int32: 22 })
+    json = msg.to_json({ preserve_proto_fieldnames: true })
+
+    assert_match 'optional_int32', json
+
+    to = A::B::C::TestMessage.decode_json(json)
+    assert_equal 22, to.optional_int32
+
+    msg = A::B::C::TestMessage.new({ optional_int32: 22 })
+    json = A::B::C::TestMessage.encode_json(
+      msg,
+      { preserve_proto_fieldnames: true, emit_defaults: true }
+    )
+
+    assert_match 'optional_int32', json
+  end
+
+  def test_encode_wrong_msg
+    assert_raise ::ArgumentError do
+      m = A::B::C::TestMessage.new(
+          :optional_int32 => 1,
+      )
+      Google::Protobuf::Any.encode(m)
+    end
+  end
+
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/gc_test.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/gc_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..55b96289e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/gc_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+#
+# generated_code.rb is in the same directory as this test.
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)))
+
+old_gc = GC.stress
+GC.stress = 0x01 | 0x04
+require 'generated_code_pb'
+require 'generated_code_proto2_pb'
+GC.stress = old_gc
+
+require 'test/unit'
+
+class GCTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def get_msg_proto3
+    A::B::C::TestMessage.new(
+        :optional_int32 => 1,
+        :optional_int64 => 1,
+        :optional_uint32 => 1,
+        :optional_uint64 => 1,
+        :optional_bool => true,
+        :optional_double => 1.0,
+        :optional_float => 1.0,
+        :optional_string => "a",
+        :optional_bytes => "b",
+        :optional_enum => A::B::C::TestEnum::A,
+        :optional_msg => A::B::C::TestMessage.new(),
+        :repeated_int32 => [1],
+        :repeated_int64 => [1],
+        :repeated_uint32 => [1],
+        :repeated_uint64 => [1],
+        :repeated_bool => [true],
+        :repeated_double => [1.0],
+        :repeated_float => [1.0],
+        :repeated_string => ["a"],
+        :repeated_bytes => ["b"],
+        :repeated_enum => [A::B::C::TestEnum::A],
+        :repeated_msg => [A::B::C::TestMessage.new()],
+        :map_int32_string => {1 => "a"},
+        :map_int64_string => {1 => "a"},
+        :map_uint32_string => {1 => "a"},
+        :map_uint64_string => {1 => "a"},
+        :map_bool_string => {true => "a"},
+        :map_string_string => {"a" => "a"},
+        :map_string_msg => {"a" => A::B::C::TestMessage.new()},
+        :map_string_int32 => {"a" => 1},
+        :map_string_bool => {"a" => true},
+    )
+  end
+
+  def get_msg_proto2
+    A::B::Proto2::TestMessage.new(
+        :optional_int32 => 1,
+        :optional_int64 => 1,
+        :optional_uint32 => 1,
+        :optional_uint64 => 1,
+        :optional_bool => true,
+        :optional_double => 1.0,
+        :optional_float => 1.0,
+        :optional_string => "a",
+        :optional_bytes => "b",
+        :optional_enum => A::B::Proto2::TestEnum::A,
+        :optional_msg => A::B::Proto2::TestMessage.new(),
+        :repeated_int32 => [1],
+        :repeated_int64 => [1],
+        :repeated_uint32 => [1],
+        :repeated_uint64 => [1],
+        :repeated_bool => [true],
+        :repeated_double => [1.0],
+        :repeated_float => [1.0],
+        :repeated_string => ["a"],
+        :repeated_bytes => ["b"],
+        :repeated_enum => [A::B::Proto2::TestEnum::A],
+        :repeated_msg => [A::B::Proto2::TestMessage.new()],
+        :required_int32 => 1,
+        :required_int64 => 1,
+        :required_uint32 => 1,
+        :required_uint64 => 1,
+        :required_bool => true,
+        :required_double => 1.0,
+        :required_float => 1.0,
+        :required_string => "a",
+        :required_bytes => "b",
+        :required_enum => A::B::Proto2::TestEnum::A,
+        :required_msg => A::B::Proto2::TestMessage.new(),
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_generated_msg
+    old_gc = GC.stress
+    GC.stress = 0x01 | 0x04
+    from = get_msg_proto3
+    data = A::B::C::TestMessage.encode(from)
+    to = A::B::C::TestMessage.decode(data)
+
+    from = get_msg_proto2
+    data = A::B::Proto2::TestMessage.encode(from)
+    to = A::B::Proto2::TestMessage.decode(data)
+    GC.stress = old_gc
+    puts "passed"
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/generated_code.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/generated_code.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8116697d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/generated_code.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package a.b.c;
+
+message TestMessage {
+  int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  bool optional_bool = 5;
+  double optional_double = 6;
+  float optional_float = 7;
+  string optional_string = 8;
+  bytes optional_bytes = 9;
+  TestEnum optional_enum = 10;
+  TestMessage optional_msg = 11;
+
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 21;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 22;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 23;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 24;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 25;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 26;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 27;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 28;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 29;
+  repeated TestEnum repeated_enum = 30;
+  repeated TestMessage repeated_msg = 31;
+
+  oneof my_oneof {
+    int32 oneof_int32 = 41;
+    int64 oneof_int64 = 42;
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 43;
+    uint64 oneof_uint64 = 44;
+    bool oneof_bool = 45;
+    double oneof_double = 46;
+    float oneof_float = 47;
+    string oneof_string = 48;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 49;
+    TestEnum oneof_enum = 50;
+    TestMessage oneof_msg = 51;
+  }
+
+  map<int32, string> map_int32_string = 61;
+  map<int64, string> map_int64_string = 62;
+  map<uint32, string> map_uint32_string = 63;
+  map<uint64, string> map_uint64_string = 64;
+  map<bool, string> map_bool_string = 65;
+  map<string, string> map_string_string = 66;
+  map<string, TestMessage> map_string_msg = 67;
+  map<string, TestEnum> map_string_enum = 68;
+  map<string, int32> map_string_int32 = 69;
+  map<string, bool> map_string_bool = 70;
+
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 foo = 1;
+  }
+
+  NestedMessage nested_message = 80;
+
+  // Reserved for non-existing field test.
+  // int32 non_exist = 89;
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  Default = 0;
+  A = 1;
+  B = 2;
+  C = 3;
+}
+
+message testLowercaseNested {
+  message lowercase{}
+}
+
+
+message TestUnknown {
+  TestUnknown optional_unknown = 11;
+  repeated TestUnknown repeated_unknown = 31;
+  oneof my_oneof {
+    TestUnknown oneof_unknown = 51;
+  }
+  map<string, TestUnknown> map_unknown = 67;
+  int32 unknown_field = 89;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/generated_code_proto2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/generated_code_proto2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e957219f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/generated_code_proto2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package a.b.proto2;
+
+message TestMessage {
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  optional int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  optional uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  optional uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  optional bool optional_bool = 5;
+  optional double optional_double = 6;
+  optional float optional_float = 7;
+  optional string optional_string = 8;
+  optional bytes optional_bytes = 9;
+  optional TestEnum optional_enum = 10;
+  optional TestMessage optional_msg = 11;
+
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 21;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 22;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 23;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 24;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 25;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 26;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 27;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 28;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 29;
+  repeated TestEnum repeated_enum = 30;
+  repeated TestMessage repeated_msg = 31;
+
+  required int32 required_int32 = 41;
+  required int64 required_int64 = 42;
+  required uint32 required_uint32 = 43;
+  required uint64 required_uint64 = 44;
+  required bool required_bool = 45;
+  required double required_double = 46;
+  required float required_float = 47;
+  required string required_string = 48;
+  required bytes required_bytes = 49;
+  required TestEnum required_enum = 50;
+  required TestMessage required_msg = 51;
+
+  oneof my_oneof {
+    int32 oneof_int32 = 61;
+    int64 oneof_int64 = 62;
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 63;
+    uint64 oneof_uint64 = 64;
+    bool oneof_bool = 65;
+    double oneof_double = 66;
+    float oneof_float = 67;
+    string oneof_string = 68;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 69;
+    TestEnum oneof_enum = 70;
+    TestMessage oneof_msg = 71;
+  }
+
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int32 foo = 1;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage nested_message = 80;
+
+  // Reserved for non-existing field test.
+  // int32 non_exist = 89;
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  Default = 0;
+  A = 1;
+  B = 2;
+  C = 3;
+}
+
+message TestUnknown {
+  optional TestUnknown optional_unknown = 11;
+  repeated TestUnknown repeated_unknown = 31;
+  oneof my_oneof {
+    TestUnknown oneof_unknown = 51;
+  }
+  optional int32 unknown_field = 89;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/generated_code_proto2_test.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/generated_code_proto2_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..302f94515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/generated_code_proto2_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+# generated_code.rb is in the same directory as this test.
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)))
+
+require 'generated_code_proto2_pb'
+require 'test_import_proto2_pb'
+require 'test_ruby_package_proto2_pb'
+require 'test/unit'
+
+class GeneratedCodeProto2Test < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def test_generated_msg
+    # just test that we can instantiate the message. The purpose of this test
+    # is to ensure that the output of the code generator is valid Ruby and
+    # successfully creates message definitions and classes, not to test every
+    # aspect of the extension (basic.rb is for that).
+    A::B::Proto2::TestMessage.new
+    FooBar::Proto2::TestImportedMessage.new
+    A::B::Proto2::TestRubyPackageMessage.new
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/generated_code_test.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/generated_code_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aed1cf8eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/generated_code_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+# generated_code.rb is in the same directory as this test.
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)))
+
+require 'generated_code_pb'
+require 'test_import_pb'
+require 'test_ruby_package_pb'
+require 'test/unit'
+
+class GeneratedCodeTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def test_generated_msg
+    # just test that we can instantiate the message. The purpose of this test
+    # is to ensure that the output of the code generator is valid Ruby and
+    # successfully creates message definitions and classes, not to test every
+    # aspect of the extension (basic.rb is for that).
+    A::B::C::TestMessage.new
+    A::B::C::TestMessage::NestedMessage.new
+    A::B::C::TestLowercaseNested::Lowercase.new
+    FooBar::TestImportedMessage.new
+    A::B::TestRubyPackageMessage.new
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/repeated_field_test.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/repeated_field_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ced9de838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/repeated_field_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+require 'google/protobuf'
+require 'test/unit'
+
+class RepeatedFieldTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+
+  def test_acts_like_enumerator
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    (Enumerable.instance_methods - TestMessage.new.repeated_string.methods).each do |method_name|
+      assert m.repeated_string.respond_to?(method_name) == true, "does not respond to #{method_name}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_acts_like_an_array
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    arr_methods = ([].methods - TestMessage.new.repeated_string.methods)
+    # jRuby additions to the Array class that we can ignore
+    arr_methods -= [ :indices, :iter_for_each, :iter_for_each_index,
+      :iter_for_each_with_index, :dimensions, :copy_data, :copy_data_simple,
+      :nitems, :iter_for_reverse_each, :indexes, :append, :prepend]
+    arr_methods -= [:union, :difference, :filter!]
+    arr_methods.each do |method_name|
+      assert m.repeated_string.respond_to?(method_name) == true, "does not respond to #{method_name}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_first
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    repeated_field_names(TestMessage).each do |field_name|
+      assert_nil m.send(field_name).first
+      assert_equal [], m.send(field_name).first(0)
+      assert_equal [], m.send(field_name).first(1)
+    end
+
+    fill_test_msg(m)
+    assert_equal -10, m.repeated_int32.first
+    assert_equal -1_000_000, m.repeated_int64.first
+    assert_equal 10, m.repeated_uint32.first
+    assert_equal 1_000_000, m.repeated_uint64.first
+    assert_equal true, m.repeated_bool.first
+    assert_equal -1.01,  m.repeated_float.first.round(2)
+    assert_equal -1.0000000000001, m.repeated_double.first
+    assert_equal 'foo', m.repeated_string.first
+    assert_equal "bar".encode!('ASCII-8BIT'), m.repeated_bytes.first
+    assert_equal TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1), m.repeated_msg.first
+    assert_equal :A, m.repeated_enum.first
+
+    assert_equal [], m.repeated_int32.first(0)
+    assert_equal [-10], m.repeated_int32.first(1)
+    assert_equal [-10, -11], m.repeated_int32.first(2)
+    assert_equal [-10, -11], m.repeated_int32.first(3)
+  end
+
+
+  def test_last
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    repeated_field_names(TestMessage).each do |field_name|
+      assert_nil m.send(field_name).first
+    end
+    fill_test_msg(m)
+    assert_equal -11, m.repeated_int32.last
+    assert_equal -1_000_001, m.repeated_int64.last
+    assert_equal 11, m.repeated_uint32.last
+    assert_equal 1_000_001, m.repeated_uint64.last
+    assert_equal false, m.repeated_bool.last
+    assert_equal -1.02, m.repeated_float.last.round(2)
+    assert_equal -1.0000000000002, m.repeated_double.last
+    assert_equal 'bar', m.repeated_string.last
+    assert_equal "foo".encode!('ASCII-8BIT'), m.repeated_bytes.last
+    assert_equal TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2), m.repeated_msg.last
+    assert_equal :B, m.repeated_enum.last
+  end
+
+
+  def test_pop
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    repeated_field_names(TestMessage).each do |field_name|
+      assert_nil m.send(field_name).pop
+    end
+    fill_test_msg(m)
+
+    assert_equal -11, m.repeated_int32.pop
+    assert_equal -10, m.repeated_int32.pop
+    assert_equal -1_000_001, m.repeated_int64.pop
+    assert_equal -1_000_000, m.repeated_int64.pop
+    assert_equal 11, m.repeated_uint32.pop
+    assert_equal 10, m.repeated_uint32.pop
+    assert_equal 1_000_001, m.repeated_uint64.pop
+    assert_equal 1_000_000, m.repeated_uint64.pop
+    assert_equal false, m.repeated_bool.pop
+    assert_equal true, m.repeated_bool.pop
+    assert_equal -1.02,  m.repeated_float.pop.round(2)
+    assert_equal -1.01,  m.repeated_float.pop.round(2)
+    assert_equal -1.0000000000002, m.repeated_double.pop
+    assert_equal -1.0000000000001, m.repeated_double.pop
+    assert_equal 'bar', m.repeated_string.pop
+    assert_equal 'foo', m.repeated_string.pop
+    assert_equal "foo".encode!('ASCII-8BIT'), m.repeated_bytes.pop
+    assert_equal "bar".encode!('ASCII-8BIT'), m.repeated_bytes.pop
+    assert_equal TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2), m.repeated_msg.pop
+    assert_equal TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1), m.repeated_msg.pop
+    assert_equal :B, m.repeated_enum.pop
+    assert_equal :A, m.repeated_enum.pop
+    repeated_field_names(TestMessage).each do |field_name|
+      assert_nil m.send(field_name).pop
+    end
+
+    fill_test_msg(m)
+    assert_equal ['bar', 'foo'], m.repeated_string.pop(2)
+    assert_nil m.repeated_string.pop
+  end
+
+
+  def test_each
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    5.times{|i| m.repeated_string << 'string' }
+    count = 0
+    m.repeated_string.each do |val|
+      assert_equal 'string', val
+      count += 1
+    end
+    assert_equal 5, count
+    result = m.repeated_string.each{|val| val + '_junk'}
+    assert_equal ['string'] * 5, result
+  end
+
+
+  def test_empty?
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    assert_equal true, m.repeated_string.empty?
+    m.repeated_string << 'foo'
+    assert_equal false, m.repeated_string.empty?
+    m.repeated_string << 'bar'
+    assert_equal false, m.repeated_string.empty?
+  end
+
+  def test_reassign
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    m.repeated_msg = Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField.new(:message, TestMessage2, [TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1)])
+    assert_equal m.repeated_msg.first, TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1)
+  end
+
+  def test_array_accessor
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[1]
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[-2]
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[20]
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[1, 2]
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[0..2]
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[-1, 1]
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[10, 12]
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_array_settor
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[1] = 'junk'
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[-2] = 'snappy'
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr[3] = ''
+    end
+    # slight deviation; we are strongly typed, and nil is not allowed
+    # for string types;
+    m.repeated_string[5] = 'spacious'
+    assert_equal ["foo", "snappy", "baz", "", "", "spacious"], m.repeated_string
+
+    #make sure it sests the default types for other fields besides strings
+    %w(repeated_int32 repeated_int64 repeated_uint32 repeated_uint64).each do |field_name|
+      m.send(field_name)[3] = 10
+      assert_equal [0,0,0,10], m.send(field_name)
+    end
+    m.repeated_float[3] = 10.1
+    #wonky mri float handling
+    assert_equal [0,0,0], m.repeated_float.to_a[0..2]
+    assert_equal 10.1, m.repeated_float[3].round(1)
+    m.repeated_double[3] = 10.1
+    assert_equal [0,0,0,10.1], m.repeated_double
+    m.repeated_bool[3] = true
+    assert_equal [false, false, false, true], m.repeated_bool
+    m.repeated_bytes[3] = "bar".encode!('ASCII-8BIT')
+    assert_equal ['', '', '', "bar".encode!('ASCII-8BIT')], m.repeated_bytes
+    m.repeated_msg[3] = TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1)
+    assert_equal [nil, nil, nil, TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1)], m.repeated_msg
+    m.repeated_enum[3] = :A
+    assert_equal [:Default, :Default, :Default, :A], m.repeated_enum
+
+    # check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+    #   arr[20] = 'spacious'
+    # end
+    # TODO: accessor doesn't allow other ruby-like methods
+    # check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+    #   arr[1, 2] = 'fizz'
+    # end
+    # check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+    #   arr[0..2] = 'buzz'
+    # end
+  end
+
+  def test_push
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w[foo bar baz]
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.push('fizz')
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr << 'fizz'
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.push('fizz', 'buzz')
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_clear
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.clear
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_concat
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    m.repeated_string.concat(['fizz', 'buzz'])
+    assert_equal %w(foo bar baz fizz buzz), m.repeated_string
+    #TODO: concat should return the orig array
+    # check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+    #   arr.concat(['fizz', 'buzz'])
+    # end
+  end
+
+  def test_equal
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    assert_equal reference_arr, m.repeated_string
+    reference_arr << 'fizz'
+    assert_not_equal reference_arr, m.repeated_string
+    m.repeated_string << 'fizz'
+    assert_equal reference_arr, m.repeated_string
+  end
+
+  def test_hash
+    # just a sanity check
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    assert m.repeated_string.hash.is_a?(Integer)
+    hash = m.repeated_string.hash
+    assert_equal hash, m.repeated_string.hash
+    m.repeated_string << 'j'
+    assert_not_equal hash, m.repeated_string.hash
+  end
+
+  def test_plus
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr + ['fizz', 'buzz']
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr += ['fizz', 'buzz']
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_replace
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.replace(['fizz', 'buzz'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_to_a
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_to_ary
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.to_ary
+    end
+  end
+
+  # emulate Array behavior
+  ##########################
+
+  def test_collect!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.collect!{|x| x + "!" }
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.collect!.with_index{|x, i| x[0...i] }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_compact!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    m.repeated_msg << TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1)
+    m.repeated_msg << nil
+    m.repeated_msg << TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)
+    reference_arr = m.repeated_string.to_a
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.compact!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_delete
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.delete('bar')
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.delete('nope')
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.delete('nope'){'within'}
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_delete_at
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.delete_at(2)
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.delete_at(10)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_delete_if
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.delete_if { |v| v == "bar" }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_fill
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.fill("x")
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.fill("z", 2, 2)
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.fill("y", 0..1)
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.fill { |i| (i*i).to_s }
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.fill(-2) { |i| (i*i*i).to_s }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_flatten!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.flatten!
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.flatten!(1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_insert
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.insert(2, 'fizz')
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.insert(3, 'fizz', 'buzz', 'bazz')
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_inspect
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    assert_equal '[]', m.repeated_string.inspect
+    m.repeated_string << 'foo'
+    assert_equal m.repeated_string.to_a.inspect, m.repeated_string.inspect
+    m.repeated_string << 'bar'
+    assert_equal m.repeated_string.to_a.inspect, m.repeated_string.inspect
+  end
+
+  def test_reverse!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.reverse!
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_rotate!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.rotate!
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.rotate!(2)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_select!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.select! { |v| v =~ /[aeiou]/ }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_shift
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    # should return an element
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.shift
+    end
+    # should return an array
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.shift(2)
+    end
+    # should return nil
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.shift
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_shuffle!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    m.repeated_string += %w(foo bar baz)
+    orig_repeated_string = m.repeated_string.clone
+    result = m.repeated_string.shuffle!
+    assert_equal m.repeated_string, result
+    # NOTE: sometimes it doesn't change the order...
+    # assert_not_equal m.repeated_string.to_a, orig_repeated_string.to_a
+  end
+
+  def test_slice!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz bar fizz buzz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.slice!(2)
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.slice!(1,2)
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.slice!(0..1)
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.slice!(10)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_sort!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.sort!
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.sort! { |x,y| y <=> x }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_sort_by!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.sort_by!
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.sort_by!(&:hash)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_uniq!
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.uniq!
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.uniq!{|s| s[0] }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_unshift
+    m = TestMessage.new
+    reference_arr = %w(foo bar baz)
+    m.repeated_string += reference_arr.clone
+
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.unshift('1')
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.unshift('a', 'b')
+    end
+    check_self_modifying_method(m.repeated_string, reference_arr) do |arr|
+      arr.unshift('')
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  ##### HELPER METHODS
+
+  def check_self_modifying_method(repeated_field, ref_array)
+    expected_result = yield(ref_array)
+    actual_result = yield(repeated_field)
+    if expected_result.is_a?(Enumerator)
+      assert_equal expected_result.to_a, actual_result.to_a
+    else
+      assert_equal expected_result, actual_result
+    end
+    assert_equal ref_array, repeated_field
+  end
+
+
+  def repeated_field_names(klass)
+    klass.descriptor.find_all{|f| f.label == :repeated}.map(&:name)
+  end
+
+
+  def fill_test_msg(test_msg)
+    test_msg.repeated_int32  += [-10, -11]
+    test_msg.repeated_int64  += [-1_000_000, -1_000_001]
+    test_msg.repeated_uint32 += [10, 11]
+    test_msg.repeated_uint64 += [1_000_000, 1_000_001]
+    test_msg.repeated_bool   += [true, false]
+    test_msg.repeated_float  += [-1.01, -1.02]
+    test_msg.repeated_double += [-1.0000000000001, -1.0000000000002]
+    test_msg.repeated_string += %w(foo bar)
+    test_msg.repeated_bytes  += ["bar".encode!('ASCII-8BIT'), "foo".encode!('ASCII-8BIT')]
+    test_msg.repeated_msg    << TestMessage2.new(:foo => 1)
+    test_msg.repeated_msg    << TestMessage2.new(:foo => 2)
+    test_msg.repeated_enum   << :A
+    test_msg.repeated_enum   << :B
+  end
+
+
+  pool = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.new
+  pool.build do
+
+    add_message "TestMessage" do
+      optional :optional_int32,  :int32,        1
+      optional :optional_int64,  :int64,        2
+      optional :optional_uint32, :uint32,       3
+      optional :optional_uint64, :uint64,       4
+      optional :optional_bool,   :bool,         5
+      optional :optional_float,  :float,        6
+      optional :optional_double, :double,       7
+      optional :optional_string, :string,       8
+      optional :optional_bytes,  :bytes,        9
+      optional :optional_msg,    :message,      10, "TestMessage2"
+      optional :optional_enum,   :enum,         11, "TestEnum"
+
+      repeated :repeated_int32,  :int32,        12
+      repeated :repeated_int64,  :int64,        13
+      repeated :repeated_uint32, :uint32,       14
+      repeated :repeated_uint64, :uint64,       15
+      repeated :repeated_bool,   :bool,         16
+      repeated :repeated_float,  :float,        17
+      repeated :repeated_double, :double,       18
+      repeated :repeated_string, :string,       19
+      repeated :repeated_bytes,  :bytes,        20
+      repeated :repeated_msg,    :message,      21, "TestMessage2"
+      repeated :repeated_enum,   :enum,         22, "TestEnum"
+    end
+    add_message "TestMessage2" do
+      optional :foo, :int32, 1
+    end
+
+    add_enum "TestEnum" do
+      value :Default, 0
+      value :A, 1
+      value :B, 2
+      value :C, 3
+    end
+  end
+
+  TestMessage = pool.lookup("TestMessage").msgclass
+  TestMessage2 = pool.lookup("TestMessage2").msgclass
+  TestEnum = pool.lookup("TestEnum").enummodule
+
+
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/stress.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/stress.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..082d5e22d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/stress.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+require 'google/protobuf'
+require 'test/unit'
+
+module StressTest
+  pool = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.new
+  pool.build do
+    add_message "TestMessage" do
+      optional :a,  :int32,        1
+      repeated :b,  :message,      2, "M"
+    end
+    add_message "M" do
+      optional :foo, :string, 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  TestMessage = pool.lookup("TestMessage").msgclass
+  M = pool.lookup("M").msgclass
+
+  class StressTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+    def get_msg
+      TestMessage.new(:a => 1000,
+                      :b => [M.new(:foo => "hello"),
+                             M.new(:foo => "world")])
+    end
+    def test_stress
+      m = get_msg
+      data = TestMessage.encode(m)
+      100_000.times do
+        mnew = TestMessage.decode(data)
+        mnew = mnew.dup
+        assert_equal mnew.inspect, m.inspect
+        assert TestMessage.encode(mnew) == data
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/test_import.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/test_import.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..230484ee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/test_import.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package foo_bar;
+
+message TestImportedMessage {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/test_import_proto2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/test_import_proto2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d2ef375e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/test_import_proto2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package foo_bar.proto2;
+
+message TestImportedMessage {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/test_ruby_package.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/test_ruby_package.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54b7aca50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/test_ruby_package.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package foo_bar;
+
+option ruby_package = "A::B";
+
+message TestRubyPackageMessage {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/test_ruby_package_proto2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/test_ruby_package_proto2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c55bde435
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/test_ruby_package_proto2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package foo_bar_proto2;
+
+option ruby_package = "A::B::Proto2";
+
+message TestRubyPackageMessage {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/type_errors.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/type_errors.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f6eb0617
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/type_errors.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+# generated_code.rb is in the same directory as this test.
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)))
+
+require 'test/unit'
+require 'google/protobuf/well_known_types'
+require 'generated_code_pb'
+
+class TestTypeErrors < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  # Ruby 2.4 unified Fixnum with Integer
+  IntegerType = Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new('2.4') ? Fixnum : Integer
+
+  def test_bad_string
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Invalid argument for string field 'optional_string' (given #{IntegerType.name})." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(optional_string: 4)
+    end
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Invalid argument for string field 'oneof_string' (given #{IntegerType.name})." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(oneof_string: 4)
+    end
+    check_error ArgumentError,
+                "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field 'repeated_string' (given String)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(repeated_string: '4')
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_bad_float
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Expected number type for float field 'optional_float' (given TrueClass)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(optional_float: true)
+    end
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Expected number type for float field 'oneof_float' (given TrueClass)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(oneof_float: true)
+    end
+    check_error ArgumentError,
+                "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field 'repeated_float' (given String)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(repeated_float: 'true')
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_bad_double
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Expected number type for double field 'optional_double' (given Symbol)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(optional_double: :double)
+    end
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Expected number type for double field 'oneof_double' (given Symbol)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(oneof_double: :double)
+    end
+    check_error ArgumentError,
+                "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field 'repeated_double' (given FalseClass)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(repeated_double: false)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_bad_bool
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Invalid argument for boolean field 'optional_bool' (given Float)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(optional_bool: 4.4)
+    end
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Invalid argument for boolean field 'oneof_bool' (given Float)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(oneof_bool: 4.4)
+    end
+    check_error ArgumentError,
+                "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field 'repeated_bool' (given String)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(repeated_bool: 'hi')
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_bad_int
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Expected number type for integral field 'optional_int32' (given String)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(optional_int32: 'hi')
+    end
+    check_error RangeError,
+                "Non-integral floating point value assigned to integer field 'optional_int64' (given Float)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(optional_int64: 2.4)
+    end
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Expected number type for integral field 'optional_uint32' (given Symbol)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(optional_uint32: :thing)
+    end
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Expected number type for integral field 'optional_uint64' (given FalseClass)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(optional_uint64: false)
+    end
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Expected number type for integral field 'oneof_int32' (given Symbol)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(oneof_int32: :hi)
+    end
+    check_error RangeError,
+                "Non-integral floating point value assigned to integer field 'oneof_int64' (given Float)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(oneof_int64: 2.4)
+    end
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Expected number type for integral field 'oneof_uint32' (given String)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(oneof_uint32: 'x')
+    end
+    check_error RangeError,
+                "Non-integral floating point value assigned to integer field 'oneof_uint64' (given Float)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(oneof_uint64: 1.1)
+    end
+    check_error ArgumentError,
+                "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field 'repeated_int32' (given Symbol)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(repeated_int32: :hi)
+    end
+    check_error ArgumentError,
+                "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field 'repeated_int64' (given Float)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(repeated_int64: 2.4)
+    end
+    check_error ArgumentError,
+                "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field 'repeated_uint32' (given String)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(repeated_uint32: 'x')
+    end
+    check_error ArgumentError,
+                "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field 'repeated_uint64' (given Float)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(repeated_uint64: 1.1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_bad_enum
+    check_error RangeError,
+                "Unknown symbol value for enum field 'optional_enum'." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(optional_enum: 'enum')
+    end
+    check_error RangeError,
+                "Unknown symbol value for enum field 'oneof_enum'." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(oneof_enum: '')
+    end
+    check_error ArgumentError,
+                "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field 'repeated_enum' (given String)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(repeated_enum: '')
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_bad_bytes
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Invalid argument for bytes field 'optional_bytes' (given Float)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(optional_bytes: 22.22)
+    end
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Invalid argument for bytes field 'oneof_bytes' (given Symbol)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(oneof_bytes: :T22)
+    end
+    check_error ArgumentError,
+                "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field 'repeated_bytes' (given Symbol)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(repeated_bytes: :T22)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_bad_msg
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Invalid type #{IntegerType.name} to assign to submessage field 'optional_msg'." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(optional_msg: 2)
+    end
+    check_error Google::Protobuf::TypeError,
+                "Invalid type String to assign to submessage field 'oneof_msg'." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(oneof_msg: '2')
+    end
+    check_error ArgumentError,
+                "Expected array as initializer value for repeated field 'repeated_msg' (given String)." do
+      A::B::C::TestMessage.new(repeated_msg: '2')
+    end
+  end
+
+  def check_error(type, message)
+    err = assert_raises type do
+      yield
+    end
+    assert_equal message, err.message
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/well_known_types_test.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/well_known_types_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3eafe095a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/tests/well_known_types_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+require 'test/unit'
+require 'google/protobuf/well_known_types'
+
+class TestWellKnownTypes < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def test_timestamp
+    ts = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new
+
+    assert_equal Time.at(0), ts.to_time
+
+    ts.seconds = 12345
+    assert_equal Time.at(12345), ts.to_time
+    assert_equal 12345, ts.to_i
+
+    # millisecond accuracy
+    time = Time.at(123456, 654321)
+    ts.from_time(time)
+    assert_equal 123456, ts.seconds
+    assert_equal 654321000, ts.nanos
+    assert_equal time, ts.to_time
+
+    # nanosecond accuracy
+    time = Time.at(123456, Rational(654321321, 1000))
+    ts.from_time(time)
+    assert_equal 654321321, ts.nanos
+    assert_equal time, ts.to_time
+  end
+
+  def test_duration
+    duration = Google::Protobuf::Duration.new(seconds: 123, nanos: 456)
+    assert_equal 123.000000456, duration.to_f
+  end
+
+  def test_struct
+    struct = Google::Protobuf::Struct.new
+
+    substruct = {
+      "subkey" => 999,
+      "subkey2" => false
+    }
+
+    sublist = ["abc", 123, {"deepkey" => "deepval"}]
+
+    struct["number"] = 12345
+    struct["boolean-true"] = true
+    struct["boolean-false"] = false
+    struct["null"] = nil
+    struct["string"] = "abcdef"
+    struct["substruct"] = substruct
+    struct["sublist"] = sublist
+
+    assert_equal 12345, struct["number"]
+    assert_equal true, struct["boolean-true"]
+    assert_equal false, struct["boolean-false"]
+    assert_equal nil, struct["null"]
+    assert_equal "abcdef", struct["string"]
+    assert_equal(Google::Protobuf::Struct.from_hash(substruct),
+                 struct["substruct"])
+    assert_equal(Google::Protobuf::ListValue.from_a(sublist),
+                 struct["sublist"])
+
+    assert_equal true, struct.has_key?("null")
+    assert_equal false, struct.has_key?("missing_key")
+
+    should_equal = {
+      "number" => 12345,
+      "boolean-true" => true,
+      "boolean-false" => false,
+      "null" => nil,
+      "string" => "abcdef",
+      "substruct" => {
+        "subkey" => 999,
+        "subkey2" => false
+      },
+      "sublist" => ["abc", 123, {"deepkey" => "deepval"}]
+    }
+
+    list = struct["sublist"]
+    list.is_a?(Google::Protobuf::ListValue)
+    assert_equal "abc", list[0]
+    assert_equal 123, list[1]
+    assert_equal({"deepkey" => "deepval"}, list[2].to_h)
+
+    # to_h returns a fully-flattened Ruby structure (Hash and Array).
+    assert_equal(should_equal, struct.to_h)
+
+    # Test that we can safely access a missing key
+    assert_equal(nil, struct["missing_key"])
+
+    # Test that we can assign Struct and ListValue directly.
+    struct["substruct"] = Google::Protobuf::Struct.from_hash(substruct)
+    struct["sublist"] = Google::Protobuf::ListValue.from_a(sublist)
+
+    assert_equal(should_equal, struct.to_h)
+
+    struct["sublist"] << nil
+    should_equal["sublist"] << nil
+
+    assert_equal(should_equal, struct.to_h)
+    assert_equal(should_equal["sublist"].length, struct["sublist"].length)
+
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::UnexpectedStructType do
+      struct[123] = 5
+    end
+
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::UnexpectedStructType do
+      struct[5] = Time.new
+    end
+
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::UnexpectedStructType do
+      struct[5] = [Time.new]
+    end
+
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::UnexpectedStructType do
+      struct[5] = {123 => 456}
+    end
+
+    assert_raise Google::Protobuf::UnexpectedStructType do
+      struct = Google::Protobuf::Struct.new
+      struct.fields["foo"] = Google::Protobuf::Value.new
+      # Tries to return a Ruby value for a Value class whose type
+      # hasn't been filled in.
+      struct["foo"]
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_any
+    ts = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new(seconds: 12345, nanos: 6789)
+
+    any = Google::Protobuf::Any.new
+    any.pack(ts)
+
+    assert any.is(Google::Protobuf::Timestamp)
+    assert_equal ts, any.unpack(Google::Protobuf::Timestamp)
+
+    any = Google::Protobuf::Any.pack(ts)
+
+    assert any.is(Google::Protobuf::Timestamp)
+    assert_equal ts, any.unpack(Google::Protobuf::Timestamp)
+  end
+
+  def test_struct_init
+    s = Google::Protobuf::Struct.new(fields: {'a' => Google::Protobuf::Value.new({number_value: 4.4})})
+    assert_equal 4.4, s['a']
+
+    s = Google::Protobuf::Struct.new(fields: {'a' => {number_value: 2.2}})
+    assert_equal 2.2, s['a']
+
+    s = Google::Protobuf::Struct.new(fields: {a: {number_value: 1.1}})
+    assert_equal 1.1, s[:a]
+  end
+
+  def test_struct_nested_init
+    s = Google::Protobuf::Struct.new(
+      fields: {
+        'a' => {string_value: 'A'},
+        'b' => {struct_value: {
+          fields: {
+            'x' => {list_value: {values: [{number_value: 1.0}, {string_value: "ok"}]}},
+            'y' => {bool_value: true}}}
+        },
+        'c' => {struct_value: {}}
+      }
+    )
+    assert_equal 'A', s['a']
+    assert_equal 'A', s[:a]
+    expected_b_x = [Google::Protobuf::Value.new(number_value: 1.0), Google::Protobuf::Value.new(string_value: "ok")]
+    assert_equal expected_b_x, s['b']['x'].values
+    assert_equal expected_b_x, s[:b][:x].values
+    assert_equal expected_b_x, s['b'][:x].values
+    assert_equal expected_b_x, s[:b]['x'].values
+    assert_equal true, s['b']['y']
+    assert_equal true, s[:b][:y]
+    assert_equal true, s[:b]['y']
+    assert_equal true, s['b'][:y]
+    assert_equal Google::Protobuf::Struct.new, s['c']
+    assert_equal Google::Protobuf::Struct.new, s[:c]
+
+    s = Google::Protobuf::Struct.new(
+      fields: {
+        a: {string_value: 'Eh'},
+        b: {struct_value: {
+          fields: {
+            y: {bool_value: false}}}
+        }
+      }
+    )
+    assert_equal 'Eh', s['a']
+    assert_equal 'Eh', s[:a]
+    assert_equal false, s['b']['y']
+    assert_equal false, s[:b][:y]
+    assert_equal false, s['b'][:y]
+    assert_equal false, s[:b]['y']
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/travis-test.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/travis-test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6dec0c906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/ruby/travis-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Exit on any error.
+set -e
+
+test_version() {
+  version=$1
+
+  RUBY_CONFORMANCE=test_ruby
+
+  if [ "$version" == "jruby-1.7" ] ; then
+    # No conformance tests yet -- JRuby is too broken to run them.
+    bash --login -c \
+      "rvm install $version && rvm use $version && rvm get head && \
+       which ruby && \
+       git clean -f && \
+       gem install bundler && bundle && \
+       rake test"
+  elif [ "$version" == "ruby-2.6.0" ] ; then
+    bash --login -c \
+      "rvm install $version && rvm use $version && \
+       which ruby && \
+       git clean -f && \
+       gem install bundler -v 1.17.3 && bundle && \
+       rake test &&
+       rake gc_test &&
+       cd ../conformance && make ${RUBY_CONFORMANCE} &&
+       cd ../ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0 &&
+       cp -R ../../lib lib && ./test.sh"
+  else
+    # Recent versions of OSX have deprecated OpenSSL, so we have to explicitly
+    # provide a path to the OpenSSL directory installed via Homebrew.
+    bash --login -c \
+      "rvm install $version --with-openssl-dir=`brew --prefix openssl` && \
+       rvm use $version && \
+       which ruby && \
+       git clean -f && \
+       gem install bundler -v 1.17.3 && bundle && \
+       rake test &&
+       rake gc_test &&
+       cd ../conformance && make ${RUBY_CONFORMANCE} &&
+       cd ../ruby/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0 && ./test.sh"
+  fi
+}
+
+test_version $1
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/Makefile.am b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d5e779ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,904 @@
+## Process this file with automake to produce Makefile.in
+
+if HAVE_ZLIB
+GZCHECKPROGRAMS = zcgzip zcgunzip
+GZHEADERS = google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h
+GZTESTS = google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream_unittest.sh
+ZLIB_DEF = -DHAVE_ZLIB=1
+else
+GZCHECKPROGRAMS =
+GZHEADERS =
+GZTESTS =
+ZLIB_DEF =
+endif
+
+if HAVE_PTHREAD
+PTHREAD_DEF = -DHAVE_PTHREAD=1
+else
+PTHREAD_DEF =
+endif
+
+PROTOBUF_VERSION = 22:4:0
+
+if GCC
+# Turn on all warnings except for sign comparison (we ignore sign comparison
+# in Google so our code base have tons of such warnings).
+NO_OPT_CXXFLAGS = $(PTHREAD_CFLAGS) $(PTHREAD_DEF) $(ZLIB_DEF) -Wall -Wno-sign-compare
+else
+NO_OPT_CXXFLAGS = $(PTHREAD_CFLAGS) $(PTHREAD_DEF) $(ZLIB_DEF)
+endif
+
+AM_CXXFLAGS = $(NO_OPT_CXXFLAGS) $(PROTOBUF_OPT_FLAG)
+
+AM_LDFLAGS = $(PTHREAD_CFLAGS)
+
+# If I say "dist_include_DATA", automake complains that $(includedir) is not
+# a "legitimate" directory for DATA.  Screw you, automake.
+protodir = $(includedir)
+
+# If you are adding new files here, also remember to change the build files for
+# all other languages, //protoc-artifacts/build-zip.sh and run
+# //update_file_list.sh for bazel.
+nobase_dist_proto_DATA = google/protobuf/descriptor.proto      \
+                         google/protobuf/any.proto             \
+                         google/protobuf/api.proto             \
+                         google/protobuf/duration.proto        \
+                         google/protobuf/empty.proto           \
+                         google/protobuf/field_mask.proto      \
+                         google/protobuf/source_context.proto  \
+                         google/protobuf/struct.proto          \
+                         google/protobuf/timestamp.proto       \
+                         google/protobuf/type.proto            \
+                         google/protobuf/wrappers.proto        \
+                         google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto
+
+# Not sure why these don't get cleaned automatically.
+clean-local:
+	rm -f *.loT
+
+CLEANFILES = $(protoc_outputs) unittest_proto_middleman \
+             testzip.jar testzip.list testzip.proto testzip.zip \
+             no_warning_test.cc
+
+MAINTAINERCLEANFILES =   \
+  Makefile.in
+
+nobase_include_HEADERS =                                         \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h                             \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h                                  \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/common.h                                 \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/fastmem.h                                \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h                                   \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h                                \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h                                 \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h                                  \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/once.h                                   \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h                        \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/port.h                                   \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/status.h                                 \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h                            \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h                                \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/template_util.h                          \
+  google/protobuf/any.pb.h                                       \
+  google/protobuf/api.pb.h                                       \
+  google/protobuf/any.h                                          \
+  google/protobuf/arena.h                                        \
+  google/protobuf/arena_impl.h                                   \
+  google/protobuf/arenastring.h                                  \
+  google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h                          \
+  google/protobuf/descriptor.h                                   \
+  google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h                                \
+  google/protobuf/duration.pb.h                                  \
+  google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h                              \
+  google/protobuf/empty.pb.h                                     \
+  google/protobuf/extension_set.h                                \
+  google/protobuf/extension_set_inl.h                            \
+  google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h                                \
+  google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h                    \
+  google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h                          \
+  google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h               \
+  google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h                       \
+  google/protobuf/has_bits.h                                     \
+  google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.h                        \
+  google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h                         \
+  google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h                                \
+  google/protobuf/map_entry.h                                    \
+  google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/map_field.h                                    \
+  google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h                                \
+  google/protobuf/map_field_lite.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/map.h                                          \
+  google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h                             \
+  google/protobuf/message.h                                      \
+  google/protobuf/message_lite.h                                 \
+  google/protobuf/metadata.h                                     \
+  google/protobuf/metadata_lite.h                                \
+  google/protobuf/parse_context.h                                \
+  google/protobuf/port.h                                         \
+  google/protobuf/port_def.inc                                   \
+  google/protobuf/port_undef.inc                                 \
+  google/protobuf/reflection.h                                   \
+  google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/repeated_field.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/service.h                                      \
+  google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h                            \
+  google/protobuf/struct.pb.h                                    \
+  google/protobuf/text_format.h                                  \
+  google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h                                 \
+  google/protobuf/type.pb.h                                      \
+  google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h                            \
+  google/protobuf/wire_format.h                                  \
+  google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h                             \
+  google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h                                  \
+  google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h                              \
+  $(GZHEADERS)                                                   \
+  google/protobuf/io/printer.h                                   \
+  google/protobuf/io/strtod.h                                    \
+  google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h                                 \
+  google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h                          \
+  google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h                     \
+  google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h                \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h                      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h              \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/importer.h                            \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h                              \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h                              \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h                           \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.h                   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.h             \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_names.h                     \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.h                     \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/js/well_known_types_embed.h           \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.h     \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h       \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/php/php_generator.h                   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.h             \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h                           \
+  google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util.h                  \
+  google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h                        \
+  google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util.h                         \
+  google/protobuf/util/json_util.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/util/time_util.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h                      \
+  google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h
+
+lib_LTLIBRARIES = libprotobuf-lite.la libprotobuf.la libprotoc.la
+
+libprotobuf_lite_la_LIBADD = $(PTHREAD_LIBS) $(LIBATOMIC_LIBS)
+libprotobuf_lite_la_LDFLAGS = -version-info $(PROTOBUF_VERSION) -export-dynamic -no-undefined
+if HAVE_LD_VERSION_SCRIPT
+libprotobuf_lite_la_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--version-script=$(srcdir)/libprotobuf-lite.map
+EXTRA_libprotobuf_lite_la_DEPENDENCIES = libprotobuf-lite.map
+endif
+libprotobuf_lite_la_SOURCES =                                  \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.cc                          \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h                           \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc                              \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h                                 \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/int128.cc                              \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/int128.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/io/io_win32.cc                               \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h                             \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/mathutil.h                             \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/status.cc                              \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/status.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/status_macros.h                        \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.cc                            \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h                             \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.cc                         \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h                          \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.cc                        \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h                         \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/structurally_valid.cc                  \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc                             \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/time.cc                                \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/time.h                                 \
+  google/protobuf/any_lite.cc                                  \
+  google/protobuf/arena.cc                                     \
+  google/protobuf/extension_set.cc                             \
+  google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.cc                       \
+  google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc                    \
+  google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven_lite.h        \
+  google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven_lite.cc       \
+  google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.cc                     \
+  google/protobuf/message_lite.cc                              \
+  google/protobuf/parse_context.cc                             \
+  google/protobuf/repeated_field.cc                            \
+  google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc                          \
+  google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc                           \
+  google/protobuf/io/strtod.cc                                 \
+  google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.cc                       \
+  google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.cc                  \
+  google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.cc
+
+libprotobuf_la_LIBADD = $(PTHREAD_LIBS) $(LIBATOMIC_LIBS)
+libprotobuf_la_LDFLAGS = -version-info $(PROTOBUF_VERSION) -export-dynamic -no-undefined
+if HAVE_LD_VERSION_SCRIPT
+libprotobuf_la_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--version-script=$(srcdir)/libprotobuf.map
+EXTRA_libprotobuf_la_DEPENDENCIES = libprotobuf.map
+endif
+libprotobuf_la_SOURCES =                                       \
+  $(libprotobuf_lite_la_SOURCES)                               \
+  google/protobuf/any.pb.cc                                    \
+  google/protobuf/api.pb.cc                                    \
+  google/protobuf/any.cc                                       \
+  google/protobuf/descriptor.cc                                \
+  google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc                       \
+  google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc                             \
+  google/protobuf/duration.pb.cc                               \
+  google/protobuf/dynamic_message.cc                           \
+  google/protobuf/empty.pb.cc                                  \
+  google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc                       \
+  google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.cc                             \
+  google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven_lite.h        \
+  google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.cc            \
+  google/protobuf/map_field.cc                                 \
+  google/protobuf/message.cc                                   \
+  google/protobuf/reflection_internal.h                        \
+  google/protobuf/reflection_ops.cc                            \
+  google/protobuf/service.cc                                   \
+  google/protobuf/source_context.pb.cc                         \
+  google/protobuf/struct.pb.cc                                 \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.cc                          \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h                           \
+  google/protobuf/text_format.cc                               \
+  google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.cc                              \
+  google/protobuf/type.pb.cc                                   \
+  google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc                         \
+  google/protobuf/wire_format.cc                               \
+  google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.cc                               \
+  google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.cc                            \
+  google/protobuf/io/printer.cc                                \
+  google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.cc                              \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/importer.cc                         \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/parser.cc                           \
+  google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util.cc               \
+  google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.cc                     \
+  google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util.cc                      \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h                    \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.cc                   \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h                    \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.cc  \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h   \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h               \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h       \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.cc          \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h           \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.cc               \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.h                \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.cc           \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h            \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.cc          \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h           \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/location_tracker.h             \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/mock_error_listener.h          \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/object_location_tracker.h      \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/object_source.h                \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.cc               \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h                \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.cc    \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h     \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.cc    \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h     \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/structured_objectwriter.h      \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.cc                   \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h                    \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.cc       \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h        \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.cc                     \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h                      \
+  google/protobuf/util/json_util.cc                            \
+  google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.cc                  \
+  google/protobuf/util/time_util.cc                            \
+  google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.cc
+
+nodist_libprotobuf_la_SOURCES = $(nodist_libprotobuf_lite_la_SOURCES)
+
+libprotoc_la_LIBADD = $(PTHREAD_LIBS) libprotobuf.la
+libprotoc_la_LDFLAGS = -version-info $(PROTOBUF_VERSION) -export-dynamic -no-undefined
+if HAVE_LD_VERSION_SCRIPT
+libprotoc_la_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--version-script=$(srcdir)/libprotoc.map
+EXTRA_libprotoc_la_DEPENDENCIES = libprotoc.map
+endif
+libprotoc_la_SOURCES =                                         \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.cc                   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.cc           \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc                           \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.cc                        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/scc.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.cc                       \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.h                        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/zip_writer.cc                       \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/zip_writer.h                        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc                     \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.h                      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc               \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h                \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.cc                    \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h                     \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc                     \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.h                      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc                  \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h                   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc                  \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h                   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc            \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.h             \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_layout_helper.h     \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h                   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_padding_optimizer.cc        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_padding_optimizer.h         \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc          \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h           \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.cc                  \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.h                   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc             \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h              \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.cc                   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_lite.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.cc             \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.h              \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.cc        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.h         \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.h                    \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_lite.h               \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h               \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension_lite.cc         \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension_lite.h          \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.cc                  \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h                   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc                   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.h                    \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.cc      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h       \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.h               \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.cc         \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.h          \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.cc           \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.cc        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.cc   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.cc          \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.h           \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.cc     \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.h      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.h            \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.h         \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.h    \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.cc          \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h           \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_options.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.cc        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.h         \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.cc   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.h    \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.cc  \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.h   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.cc           \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.h            \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.cc      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.h       \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.cc            \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h             \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.cc                  \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/js/well_known_types_embed.cc        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.cc       \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.h        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.cc \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.h  \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.cc  \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.h   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.cc      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h       \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.cc       \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.h        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.cc  \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.cc    \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h     \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.cc  \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.h   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.cc    \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.h     \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.cc \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.h \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_nsobject_methods.h  \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.cc      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.h       \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.cc \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.h \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/php/php_generator.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc          \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.cc        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h         \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.cc               \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.h                \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.cc         \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.h          \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.cc         \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h          \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.cc          \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.cc            \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h             \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.cc          \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.h           \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.cc            \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.h             \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.cc      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.h       \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h             \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.cc    \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.h     \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_reflection_class.cc     \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_reflection_class.h      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.cc \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.h \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.cc \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.h \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.cc \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.h \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.cc \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.cc      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.h
+
+bin_PROGRAMS = protoc
+protoc_LDADD = $(PTHREAD_LIBS) libprotobuf.la libprotoc.la
+protoc_SOURCES = google/protobuf/compiler/main.cc
+
+# Tests ==============================================================
+
+protoc_inputs =                                                   \
+  google/protobuf/any_test.proto                                  \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_bad_identifiers.proto     \
+  google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.proto                         \
+  google/protobuf/map_proto2_unittest.proto                       \
+  google/protobuf/map_unittest.proto                              \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_arena.proto                            \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto                   \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_drop_unknown_fields.proto              \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.proto               \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_empty.proto                            \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto              \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto                      \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto                           \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto               \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto                    \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies.proto                \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_custom_option.proto  \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_enum.proto           \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.proto             \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto                             \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto                             \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.proto                 \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_lite.proto                    \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_import.proto                  \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.proto                         \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_field_presence.proto                \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto              \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto                     \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum2.proto           \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.proto            \
+  google/protobuf/unittest.proto                                  \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto                           \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.proto                     \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena_lite.proto                \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_lite.proto                      \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto                 \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.proto               \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.proto              \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value.proto      \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value_test.proto \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.proto         \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.proto               \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.proto             \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.proto             \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.proto             \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.proto \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.proto           \
+  google/protobuf/util/json_format.proto                          \
+  google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.proto                   \
+  google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.proto         \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_large_enum_value.proto
+
+EXTRA_DIST =                                                   \
+  $(protoc_inputs)                                             \
+  solaris/libstdc++.la                                         \
+  google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.proto                   \
+  google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto                   \
+  google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h                             \
+  google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream_unittest.sh                   \
+  google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message                      \
+  google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_maps                 \
+  google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_oneof_implemented    \
+  google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_proto3               \
+  google/protobuf/testdata/golden_packed_fields_message        \
+  google/protobuf/testdata/bad_utf8_string                     \
+  google/protobuf/testdata/map_test_data.txt                   \
+  google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data.txt       \
+  google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data_oneof_implemented.txt  \
+  google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data_pointy.txt             \
+  google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data_pointy_oneof.txt       \
+  google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_extensions_data.txt         \
+  google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_extensions_data_pointy.txt  \
+  google/protobuf/package_info.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/io/package_info.h                            \
+  google/protobuf/util/package_info.h                          \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code.proto      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code_pb.rb      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code_proto2.proto         \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code_proto2_pb.rb         \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit.proto        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_legacy.proto \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_legacy_pb.rb \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_pb.rb        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_implicit.proto        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_implicit_pb.rb        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/package_info.h                      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/zip_output_unittest.sh              \
+  libprotobuf-lite.map                                         \
+  libprotobuf.map                                              \
+  libprotoc.map                                                \
+  README.md
+
+protoc_lite_outputs =                                          \
+  google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.pb.cc                      \
+  google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.pb.h                       \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lite.pb.cc                          \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lite.pb.h                           \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_lite.pb.cc                 \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_lite.pb.h                  \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.pb.cc                   \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.pb.h                    \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.pb.cc            \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.pb.h
+
+protoc_outputs =                                                  \
+  $(protoc_lite_outputs)                                          \
+  google/protobuf/any_test.pb.cc                                  \
+  google/protobuf/any_test.pb.h                                   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_bad_identifiers.pb.cc     \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_bad_identifiers.pb.h      \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_large_enum_value.pb.cc    \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_large_enum_value.pb.h     \
+  google/protobuf/map_proto2_unittest.pb.cc                       \
+  google/protobuf/map_proto2_unittest.pb.h                        \
+  google/protobuf/map_unittest.pb.cc                              \
+  google/protobuf/map_unittest.pb.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_arena.pb.cc                            \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_arena.pb.h                             \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.pb.cc                   \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.pb.h                    \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_drop_unknown_fields.pb.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_drop_unknown_fields.pb.h               \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.pb.cc               \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.pb.h                \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_empty.pb.cc                            \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_empty.pb.h                             \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.pb.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.pb.h               \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import.pb.cc                           \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import.pb.h                            \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.pb.cc                    \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.pb.h                     \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies.pb.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies.pb.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_custom_option.pb.cc  \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_custom_option.pb.h   \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_enum.pb.cc           \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_enum.pb.h            \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.pb.cc             \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.pb.h              \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_mset.pb.cc                             \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_mset.pb.h                              \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.pb.cc                 \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.pb.h                  \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_import.pb.cc                  \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_import.pb.h                   \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.pb.cc                         \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.pb.h                          \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_field_presence.pb.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_field_presence.pb.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.pb.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.pb.h               \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.pb.cc                     \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.pb.h                      \
+  google/protobuf/unittest.pb.cc                                  \
+  google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h                                   \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum2.pb.cc           \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum2.pb.h            \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.pb.cc            \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.pb.h             \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.pb.cc                           \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.pb.h                            \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.pb.cc                     \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.pb.h                      \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena_lite.pb.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena_lite.pb.h                 \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_lite.pb.cc                      \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_lite.pb.h                       \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.pb.cc                 \
+  google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.pb.h                  \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.pb.cc               \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.pb.h                \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.pb.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.pb.h               \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value.pb.cc      \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value.pb.h       \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value_test.pb.cc \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value_test.pb.h  \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.pb.cc         \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.pb.h          \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.pb.cc               \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.pb.h                \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.pb.cc             \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.pb.h              \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.pb.cc             \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.pb.h              \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.pb.cc             \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.pb.h              \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.pb.cc \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.pb.h  \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.pb.cc           \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.pb.h            \
+  google/protobuf/util/json_format.pb.cc                          \
+  google/protobuf/util/json_format.pb.h                           \
+  google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.pb.cc                   \
+  google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.pb.h                    \
+  google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.pb.cc         \
+  google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.pb.h
+
+if USE_EXTERNAL_PROTOC
+
+unittest_proto_middleman: $(protoc_inputs)
+	$(PROTOC) -I$(srcdir) --cpp_out=. $^
+	touch unittest_proto_middleman
+
+else
+
+# We have to cd to $(srcdir) before executing protoc because $(protoc_inputs) is
+# relative to srcdir, which may not be the same as the current directory when
+# building out-of-tree.
+unittest_proto_middleman: protoc$(EXEEXT) $(protoc_inputs)
+	oldpwd=`pwd` && ( cd $(srcdir) && $$oldpwd/protoc$(EXEEXT) -I. --cpp_out=$$oldpwd $(protoc_inputs) )
+	touch unittest_proto_middleman
+
+endif
+
+$(protoc_outputs): unittest_proto_middleman
+
+COMMON_TEST_SOURCES =                                          \
+  google/protobuf/arena_test_util.cc                           \
+  google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h                            \
+  google/protobuf/map_test_util.inc                            \
+  google/protobuf/map_test_util.h                              \
+  google/protobuf/map_test_util_impl.h                         \
+  google/protobuf/test_util.cc                                 \
+  google/protobuf/test_util.h                                  \
+  google/protobuf/test_util.inc                                \
+  google/protobuf/test_util2.h                                 \
+  google/protobuf/testing/googletest.cc                        \
+  google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h                         \
+  google/protobuf/testing/file.cc                              \
+  google/protobuf/testing/file.h
+
+GOOGLETEST_BUILD_DIR=../third_party/googletest/googletest
+GOOGLEMOCK_BUILD_DIR=../third_party/googletest/googlemock
+GOOGLETEST_SRC_DIR=$(srcdir)/../third_party/googletest/googletest
+GOOGLEMOCK_SRC_DIR=$(srcdir)/../third_party/googletest/googlemock
+check_PROGRAMS = protoc protobuf-test protobuf-lazy-descriptor-test \
+                 protobuf-lite-test test_plugin protobuf-lite-arena-test \
+                 no-warning-test $(GZCHECKPROGRAMS)
+protobuf_test_LDADD = $(PTHREAD_LIBS) libprotobuf.la libprotoc.la \
+                      $(GOOGLETEST_BUILD_DIR)/lib/libgtest.la     \
+                      $(GOOGLEMOCK_BUILD_DIR)/lib/libgmock.la     \
+                      $(GOOGLEMOCK_BUILD_DIR)/lib/libgmock_main.la
+protobuf_test_CPPFLAGS = -I$(GOOGLETEST_SRC_DIR)/include \
+                         -I$(GOOGLEMOCK_SRC_DIR)/include
+# Disable optimization for tests unless the user explicitly asked for it,
+# since test_util.cc takes forever to compile with optimization (with GCC).
+# See configure.ac for more info.
+protobuf_test_CXXFLAGS = $(NO_OPT_CXXFLAGS)
+# Doesn't pass on Windows with MSVC
+NON_MSVC_TEST_SOURCES =                                        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc
+protobuf_test_SOURCES =                                        \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream_unittest.cc                 \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/common_unittest.cc                     \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/int128_unittest.cc                     \
+  google/protobuf/io/io_win32_unittest.cc                      \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/statusor_test.cc                       \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/status_test.cc                         \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece_unittest.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf_unittest.cc               \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/structurally_valid_unittest.cc         \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/strutil_unittest.cc                    \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/template_util_unittest.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/stubs/time_test.cc                           \
+  google/protobuf/any_test.cc                                  \
+  google/protobuf/arenastring_unittest.cc                      \
+  google/protobuf/arena_unittest.cc                            \
+  google/protobuf/descriptor_database_unittest.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/descriptor_unittest.cc                       \
+  google/protobuf/drop_unknown_fields_test.cc                  \
+  google/protobuf/dynamic_message_unittest.cc                  \
+  google/protobuf/extension_set_unittest.cc                    \
+  google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection_unittest.cc     \
+  google/protobuf/map_field_test.cc                            \
+  google/protobuf/map_test.cc                                  \
+  google/protobuf/message_unittest.cc                          \
+  google/protobuf/message_unittest.inc                         \
+  google/protobuf/no_field_presence_test.cc                    \
+  google/protobuf/preserve_unknown_enum_test.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/proto3_arena_lite_unittest.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/proto3_arena_unittest.cc                     \
+  google/protobuf/proto3_lite_unittest.cc                      \
+  google/protobuf/proto3_lite_unittest.inc                     \
+  google/protobuf/reflection_ops_unittest.cc                   \
+  google/protobuf/repeated_field_reflection_unittest.cc        \
+  google/protobuf/repeated_field_unittest.cc                   \
+  google/protobuf/text_format_unittest.cc                      \
+  google/protobuf/unknown_field_set_unittest.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/well_known_types_unittest.cc                 \
+  google/protobuf/wire_format_unittest.cc                      \
+  google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_unittest.cc                  \
+  google/protobuf/io/printer_unittest.cc                       \
+  google/protobuf/io/tokenizer_unittest.cc                     \
+  google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_unittest.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/annotation_test_util.h              \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/annotation_test_util.cc             \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/importer_unittest.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.h               \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/parser_unittest.cc                  \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc       \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_move_unittest.cc            \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.h                  \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc                 \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.inc                \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_plugin_unittest.cc          \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/metadata_test.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_plugin_unittest.cc        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment_unittest.cc   \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers_unittest.cc \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_plugin_unittest.cc    \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator_unittest.cc     \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_bootstrap_unittest.cc \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator_unittest.cc \
+  google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util_test.cc          \
+  google/protobuf/util/field_comparator_test.cc                \
+  google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util_test.cc                 \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter_test.cc \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter_test.cc      \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser_test.cc     \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource_test.cc \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter_test.cc \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.cc       \
+  google/protobuf/util/json_util_test.cc                       \
+  google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.cc         \
+  google/protobuf/util/time_util_test.cc                       \
+  google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util_test.cc              \
+  $(NON_MSVC_TEST_SOURCES)                                     \
+  $(COMMON_TEST_SOURCES)
+nodist_protobuf_test_SOURCES = $(protoc_outputs)
+$(am_protobuf_test_OBJECTS): unittest_proto_middleman
+
+# Run cpp_unittest again with PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS defined.
+protobuf_lazy_descriptor_test_LDADD = $(PTHREAD_LIBS) libprotobuf.la \
+                      libprotoc.la                                   \
+                      $(GOOGLETEST_BUILD_DIR)/lib/libgtest.la        \
+                      $(GOOGLEMOCK_BUILD_DIR)/lib/libgmock.la        \
+                      $(GOOGLEMOCK_BUILD_DIR)/lib/libgmock_main.la
+protobuf_lazy_descriptor_test_CPPFLAGS = -I$(GOOGLEMOCK_SRC_DIR)/include \
+                                         -I$(GOOGLETEST_SRC_DIR)/include \
+                                         -DPROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+protobuf_lazy_descriptor_test_CXXFLAGS = $(NO_OPT_CXXFLAGS)
+protobuf_lazy_descriptor_test_SOURCES =                        \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc                 \
+  $(COMMON_TEST_SOURCES)
+nodist_protobuf_lazy_descriptor_test_SOURCES = $(protoc_outputs)
+$(am_protobuf_lazy_descriptor_test_OBJECTS): unittest_proto_middleman
+
+COMMON_LITE_TEST_SOURCES =                                             \
+  google/protobuf/arena_test_util.cc                                   \
+  google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h                                    \
+  google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.cc                                \
+  google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.h                                 \
+  google/protobuf/test_util_lite.cc                                    \
+  google/protobuf/test_util_lite.h
+
+# Build lite_unittest separately, since it doesn't use gtest. It can't
+# depend on gtest because our internal version of gtest depend on proto
+# full runtime and we want to make sure this test builds without full
+# runtime.
+protobuf_lite_test_LDADD = $(PTHREAD_LIBS) libprotobuf-lite.la     \
+                           $(GOOGLETEST_BUILD_DIR)/lib/libgtest.la \
+                           $(GOOGLEMOCK_BUILD_DIR)/lib/libgmock.la \
+                           $(GOOGLEMOCK_BUILD_DIR)/lib/libgmock_main.la
+protobuf_lite_test_CPPFLAGS= -I$(GOOGLEMOCK_SRC_DIR)/include \
+                             -I$(GOOGLETEST_SRC_DIR)/include
+protobuf_lite_test_CXXFLAGS = $(NO_OPT_CXXFLAGS)
+protobuf_lite_test_SOURCES =                                           \
+  google/protobuf/lite_unittest.cc                                     \
+  $(COMMON_LITE_TEST_SOURCES)
+nodist_protobuf_lite_test_SOURCES = $(protoc_lite_outputs)
+$(am_protobuf_lite_test_OBJECTS): unittest_proto_middleman
+
+# lite_arena_unittest depends on gtest because teboring@ found that without
+# gtest when building the test internally our memory sanitizer doesn't detect
+# memory leaks (don't know why).
+protobuf_lite_arena_test_LDADD = $(PTHREAD_LIBS) libprotobuf-lite.la \
+                      $(GOOGLETEST_BUILD_DIR)/lib/libgtest.la        \
+                      $(GOOGLEMOCK_BUILD_DIR)/lib/libgmock.la        \
+                      $(GOOGLEMOCK_BUILD_DIR)/lib/libgmock_main.la
+protobuf_lite_arena_test_CPPFLAGS = -I$(GOOGLEMOCK_SRC_DIR)/include  \
+                                    -I$(GOOGLETEST_SRC_DIR)/include
+protobuf_lite_arena_test_CXXFLAGS = $(NO_OPT_CXXFLAGS)
+protobuf_lite_arena_test_SOURCES =       \
+  google/protobuf/lite_arena_unittest.cc \
+  $(COMMON_LITE_TEST_SOURCES)
+nodist_protobuf_lite_arena_test_SOURCES = $(protoc_lite_outputs)
+$(am_protobuf_lite_arena_test_OBJECTS): unittest_proto_middleman
+
+# Test plugin binary.
+test_plugin_LDADD = $(PTHREAD_LIBS) libprotobuf.la libprotoc.la \
+                    $(GOOGLETEST_BUILD_DIR)/lib/libgtest.la
+test_plugin_CPPFLAGS = -I$(GOOGLETEST_SRC_DIR)/include
+test_plugin_SOURCES =                                          \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.cc              \
+  google/protobuf/testing/file.cc                              \
+  google/protobuf/testing/file.h                               \
+  google/protobuf/compiler/test_plugin.cc
+
+if HAVE_ZLIB
+zcgzip_LDADD = $(PTHREAD_LIBS) libprotobuf.la
+zcgzip_SOURCES = google/protobuf/testing/zcgzip.cc
+
+zcgunzip_LDADD = $(PTHREAD_LIBS) libprotobuf.la
+zcgunzip_SOURCES = google/protobuf/testing/zcgunzip.cc
+endif
+
+# This test target is to ensure all our public header files and generated
+# code is free from warnings. We have to be more pedantic about these
+# files because they are compiled by users with different compiler flags.
+no_warning_test.cc:
+	echo "// Generated from Makefile.am" > no_warning_test.cc
+	for FILE in $(nobase_include_HEADERS); do \
+    echo "#include <$${FILE}>" >> no_warning_test.cc; \
+	done
+	echo "int main(int, char**) { return 0; }" >> no_warning_test.cc
+
+no_warning_test_LDADD = $(PTHREAD_LIBS) libprotobuf.la libprotoc.la
+no_warning_test_CXXFLAGS = $(PTHREAD_CFLAGS) $(PTHREAD_DEF) $(ZLIB_DEF) \
+                           -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wno-unused-parameter
+nodist_no_warning_test_SOURCES = no_warning_test.cc $(protoc_outputs)
+
+TESTS = protobuf-test protobuf-lazy-descriptor-test protobuf-lite-test \
+        google/protobuf/compiler/zip_output_unittest.sh $(GZTESTS)     \
+        protobuf-lite-arena-test no-warning-test
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..007deb328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+===================================================
+
+[![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-cpp_distcheck.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fcpp_distcheck%2Fcontinuous) [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/linux-bazel.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fubuntu%2Fbazel%2Fcontinuous) [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-cpp.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fcpp%2Fcontinuous) [![Build status](https://storage.googleapis.com/protobuf-kokoro-results/status-badge/macos-cpp_distcheck.png)](https://fusion.corp.google.com/projectanalysis/current/KOKORO/prod:protobuf%2Fgithub%2Fmaster%2Fmacos%2Fcpp_distcheck%2Fcontinuous) [![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/73ctee6ua4w2ruin?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/protobuf/protobuf)
+
+Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+
+https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+
+C++ Installation - Unix
+-----------------------
+
+To build protobuf from source, the following tools are needed:
+
+  * autoconf
+  * automake
+  * libtool
+  * make
+  * g++
+  * unzip
+
+On Ubuntu/Debian, you can install them with:
+
+    $ sudo apt-get install autoconf automake libtool curl make g++ unzip
+
+On other platforms, please use the corresponding package managing tool to
+install them before proceeding.
+
+To get the source, download one of the release .tar.gz or .zip packages in the
+release page:
+
+    https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/latest
+
+For example: if you only need C++, download `protobuf-cpp-[VERSION].tar.gz`; if
+you need C++ and Java, download `protobuf-java-[VERSION].tar.gz` (every package
+contains C++ source already); if you need C++ and multiple other languages,
+download `protobuf-all-[VERSION].tar.gz`.
+
+You can also get the source by "git clone" our git repository. Make sure you
+have also cloned the submodules and generated the configure script (skip this
+if you are using a release .tar.gz or .zip package):
+
+```shell
+    git clone https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf.git
+    cd protobuf
+    git submodule update --init --recursive
+    ./autogen.sh
+```
+To build and install the C++ Protocol Buffer runtime and the Protocol
+Buffer compiler (protoc) execute the following:
+
+```shell
+     ./configure
+     make
+     make check
+     sudo make install
+     sudo ldconfig # refresh shared library cache.
+```
+If "make check" fails, you can still install, but it is likely that
+some features of this library will not work correctly on your system.
+Proceed at your own risk.
+
+For advanced usage information on configure and make, please refer to the
+autoconf documentation:
+
+    http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/manual/autoconf.html#Running-configure-Scripts
+
+**Hint on install location**
+
+By default, the package will be installed to /usr/local.  However,
+on many platforms, /usr/local/lib is not part of LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
+You can add it, but it may be easier to just install to /usr
+instead.  To do this, invoke configure as follows:
+
+    ./configure --prefix=/usr
+
+If you already built the package with a different prefix, make sure
+to run "make clean" before building again.
+
+**Compiling dependent packages**
+
+To compile a package that uses Protocol Buffers, you need to pass
+various flags to your compiler and linker.  As of version 2.2.0,
+Protocol Buffers integrates with pkg-config to manage this.  If you
+have pkg-config installed, then you can invoke it to get a list of
+flags like so:
+
+
+    pkg-config --cflags protobuf         # print compiler flags
+    pkg-config --libs protobuf           # print linker flags
+    pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf  # print both
+
+
+For example:
+
+    c++ my_program.cc my_proto.pb.cc `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf`
+
+Note that packages written prior to the 2.2.0 release of Protocol
+Buffers may not yet integrate with pkg-config to get flags, and may
+not pass the correct set of flags to correctly link against
+libprotobuf.  If the package in question uses autoconf, you can
+often fix the problem by invoking its configure script like:
+
+
+    configure CXXFLAGS="$(pkg-config --cflags protobuf)" \
+              LIBS="$(pkg-config --libs protobuf)"
+
+This will force it to use the correct flags.
+
+If you are writing an autoconf-based package that uses Protocol
+Buffers, you should probably use the PKG_CHECK_MODULES macro in your
+configure script like:
+
+    PKG_CHECK_MODULES([protobuf], [protobuf])
+
+See the pkg-config man page for more info.
+
+If you only want protobuf-lite, substitute "protobuf-lite" in place
+of "protobuf" in these examples.
+
+**Note for Mac users**
+
+For a Mac system, Unix tools are not available by default. You will first need
+to install Xcode from the Mac AppStore and then run the following command from
+a terminal:
+```shell
+    sudo xcode-select --install
+```shell
+To install Unix tools, you can install "port" following the instructions at
+https://www.macports.org . This will reside in /opt/local/bin/port for most
+Mac installations.
+```shell
+    sudo /opt/local/bin/port install autoconf automake libtool
+```
+Then follow the Unix instructions above.
+
+**Note for cross-compiling**
+
+The makefiles normally invoke the protoc executable that they just
+built in order to build tests.  When cross-compiling, the protoc
+executable may not be executable on the host machine.  In this case,
+you must build a copy of protoc for the host machine first, then use
+the --with-protoc option to tell configure to use it instead.  For
+example:
+
+    ./configure --with-protoc=protoc
+
+This will use the installed protoc (found in your $PATH) instead of
+trying to execute the one built during the build process.  You can
+also use an executable that hasn't been installed.  For example, if
+you built the protobuf package for your host machine in ../host,
+you might do:
+
+    ./configure --with-protoc=../host/src/protoc
+
+Either way, you must make sure that the protoc executable you use
+has the same version as the protobuf source code you are trying to
+use it with.
+
+**Note for Solaris users**
+
+Solaris 10 x86 has a bug that will make linking fail, complaining
+about libstdc++.la being invalid.  We have included a work-around
+in this package.  To use the work-around, run configure as follows:
+
+    ./configure LDFLAGS=-L$PWD/src/solaris
+
+See src/solaris/libstdc++.la for more info on this bug.
+
+**Note for HP C++ Tru64 users**
+
+To compile invoke configure as follows:
+
+    ./configure CXXFLAGS="-O -std ansi -ieee -D__USE_STD_IOSTREAM"
+
+Also, you will need to use gmake instead of make.
+
+**Note for AIX users**
+
+Compile using the IBM xlC C++ compiler as follows:
+
+    ./configure CXX=xlC
+
+Also, you will need to use GNU `make` (`gmake`) instead of AIX `make`.
+
+C++ Installation - Windows
+--------------------------
+
+If you only need the protoc binary, you can download it from the release
+page:
+
+    https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/latest
+
+In the downloads section, download the zip file protoc-$VERSION-win32.zip.
+It contains the protoc binary as well as public proto files of protobuf
+library.
+
+Protobuf and its dependencies can be installed directly by using `vcpkg`:
+
+    >vcpkg install protobuf protobuf:x64-windows
+
+If zlib support is desired, you'll also need to install the zlib feature:
+
+    >vcpkg install protobuf[zlib] protobuf[zlib]:x64-windows
+
+See https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg for more information.
+
+To build from source using Microsoft Visual C++, see [cmake/README.md](../cmake/README.md).
+
+To build from source using Cygwin or MinGW, follow the Unix installation
+instructions, above.
+
+Binary Compatibility Warning
+----------------------------
+
+Due to the nature of C++, it is unlikely that any two versions of the
+Protocol Buffers C++ runtime libraries will have compatible ABIs.
+That is, if you linked an executable against an older version of
+libprotobuf, it is unlikely to work with a newer version without
+re-compiling.  This problem, when it occurs, will normally be detected
+immediately on startup of your app.  Still, you may want to consider
+using static linkage.  You can configure this package to install
+static libraries only using:
+
+    ./configure --disable-shared
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+The complete documentation for Protocol Buffers is available via the
+web at:
+
+    https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a79214b75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/any.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+void AnyMetadata::PackFrom(const Message& message) {
+  PackFrom(message, kTypeGoogleApisComPrefix);
+}
+
+void AnyMetadata::PackFrom(const Message& message,
+                           const std::string& type_url_prefix) {
+  type_url_->SetNoArena(
+      &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyString(),
+      GetTypeUrl(message.GetDescriptor()->full_name(), type_url_prefix));
+  message.SerializeToString(value_->MutableNoArena(
+      &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()));
+}
+
+bool AnyMetadata::UnpackTo(Message* message) const {
+  if (!InternalIs(message->GetDescriptor()->full_name())) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return message->ParseFromString(value_->GetNoArena());
+}
+
+bool GetAnyFieldDescriptors(const Message& message,
+                            const FieldDescriptor** type_url_field,
+                            const FieldDescriptor** value_field) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  if (descriptor->full_name() != kAnyFullTypeName) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *type_url_field = descriptor->FindFieldByNumber(1);
+  *value_field = descriptor->FindFieldByNumber(2);
+  return (*type_url_field != NULL &&
+          (*type_url_field)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING &&
+          *value_field != NULL &&
+          (*value_field)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59dd50cb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.h
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ANY_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ANY_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class FieldDescriptor;
+class Message;
+
+namespace internal {
+
+extern const char kAnyFullTypeName[];          // "google.protobuf.Any".
+extern const char kTypeGoogleApisComPrefix[];  // "type.googleapis.com/".
+extern const char kTypeGoogleProdComPrefix[];  // "type.googleprod.com/".
+
+std::string GetTypeUrl(StringPiece message_name,
+                       StringPiece type_url_prefix);
+
+// Helper class used to implement google::protobuf::Any.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT AnyMetadata {
+  typedef ArenaStringPtr UrlType;
+  typedef ArenaStringPtr ValueType;
+ public:
+  // AnyMetadata does not take ownership of "type_url" and "value".
+  AnyMetadata(UrlType* type_url, ValueType* value);
+
+  // Packs a message using the default type URL prefix: "type.googleapis.com".
+  // The resulted type URL will be "type.googleapis.com/<message_full_name>".
+  template <typename T>
+  void PackFrom(const T& message) {
+    InternalPackFrom(message, kTypeGoogleApisComPrefix, T::FullMessageName());
+  }
+
+  void PackFrom(const Message& message);
+
+  // Packs a message using the given type URL prefix. The type URL will be
+  // constructed by concatenating the message type's full name to the prefix
+  // with an optional "/" separator if the prefix doesn't already end with "/".
+  // For example, both PackFrom(message, "type.googleapis.com") and
+  // PackFrom(message, "type.googleapis.com/") yield the same result type
+  // URL: "type.googleapis.com/<message_full_name>".
+  template <typename T>
+  void PackFrom(const T& message, StringPiece type_url_prefix) {
+    InternalPackFrom(message, type_url_prefix, T::FullMessageName());
+  }
+
+  void PackFrom(const Message& message, const std::string& type_url_prefix);
+
+  // Unpacks the payload into the given message. Returns false if the message's
+  // type doesn't match the type specified in the type URL (i.e., the full
+  // name after the last "/" of the type URL doesn't match the message's actual
+  // full name) or parsing the payload has failed.
+  template <typename T>
+  bool UnpackTo(T* message) const {
+    return InternalUnpackTo(T::FullMessageName(), message);
+  }
+
+  bool UnpackTo(Message* message) const;
+
+  // Checks whether the type specified in the type URL matches the given type.
+  // A type is considered matching if its full name matches the full name after
+  // the last "/" in the type URL.
+  template <typename T>
+  bool Is() const {
+    return InternalIs(T::FullMessageName());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void InternalPackFrom(const MessageLite& message,
+                        StringPiece type_url_prefix,
+                        StringPiece type_name);
+  bool InternalUnpackTo(StringPiece type_name,
+                        MessageLite* message) const;
+  bool InternalIs(StringPiece type_name) const;
+
+  UrlType* type_url_;
+  ValueType* value_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(AnyMetadata);
+};
+
+// Get the proto type name from Any::type_url value. For example, passing
+// "type.googleapis.com/rpc.QueryOrigin" will return "rpc.QueryOrigin" in
+// *full_type_name. Returns false if the type_url does not have a "/"
+// in the type url separating the full type name.
+//
+// NOTE: this function is available publicly as:
+//   google::protobuf::Any()  // static method on the generated message type.
+bool ParseAnyTypeUrl(const std::string& type_url, std::string* full_type_name);
+
+// Get the proto type name and prefix from Any::type_url value. For example,
+// passing "type.googleapis.com/rpc.QueryOrigin" will return
+// "type.googleapis.com/" in *url_prefix and "rpc.QueryOrigin" in
+// *full_type_name. Returns false if the type_url does not have a "/" in the
+// type url separating the full type name.
+bool ParseAnyTypeUrl(const std::string& type_url, std::string* url_prefix,
+                     std::string* full_type_name);
+
+// See if message is of type google.protobuf.Any, if so, return the descriptors
+// for "type_url" and "value" fields.
+bool GetAnyFieldDescriptors(const Message& message,
+                            const FieldDescriptor** type_url_field,
+                            const FieldDescriptor** value_field);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ANY_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a79335b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/any.proto
+
+#include <google/protobuf/any.pb.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class AnyDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Any> _instance;
+} _Any_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_Any_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Any_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_Any_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_Any_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto[1];
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor const** file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto = nullptr;
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor const** file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto = nullptr;
+
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto::offsets[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any, type_url_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any, value_),
+};
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MigrationSchema schemas[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  { 0, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any)},
+};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message const * const file_default_instances[] = {
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Any_default_instance_),
+};
+
+const char descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
+  "\n\031google/protobuf/any.proto\022\017google.prot"
+  "obuf\"&\n\003Any\022\020\n\010type_url\030\001 \001(\t\022\r\n\005value\030\002"
+  " \001(\014Bo\n\023com.google.protobufB\010AnyProtoP\001Z"
+  "%github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/any\242\002"
+  "\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb\006p"
+  "roto3"
+  ;
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_deps[1] = {
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_sccs[1] = {
+  &scc_info_Any_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto.base,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_once;
+static bool descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_initialized = false;
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto = {
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_initialized, descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto, "google/protobuf/any.proto", 205,
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_once, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_sccs, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_deps, 1, 0,
+  schemas, file_default_instances, TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto::offsets,
+  file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto, 1, file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto, file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto,
+};
+
+// Force running AddDescriptors() at dynamic initialization time.
+static bool dynamic_init_dummy_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto = (  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AddDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto), true);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Any::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+bool Any::GetAnyFieldDescriptors(
+    const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& message,
+    const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptor** type_url_field,
+    const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptor** value_field) {
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetAnyFieldDescriptors(
+      message, type_url_field, value_field);
+}
+bool Any::ParseAnyTypeUrl(const string& type_url,
+                                  std::string* full_type_name) {
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseAnyTypeUrl(type_url,
+                                             full_type_name);
+}
+
+class Any::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+Any::Any()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr), _any_metadata_(&type_url_, &value_) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Any)
+}
+Any::Any(const Any& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _any_metadata_(&type_url_, &value_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_type_url().empty()) {
+    type_url_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.type_url_);
+  }
+  value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_value().empty()) {
+    value_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.value_);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Any)
+}
+
+void Any::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_Any_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto.base);
+  type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+Any::~Any() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Any)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Any::SharedDtor() {
+  type_url_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  value_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void Any::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Any& Any::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_Any_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Any::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Any)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Any::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // string type_url = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_type_url();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Any.type_url"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // bytes value = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_value();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Any::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Any)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string type_url = 1;
+  if (this->type_url().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_type_url().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_type_url().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Any.type_url");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_type_url(), target);
+  }
+
+  // bytes value = 2;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    target = stream->WriteBytesMaybeAliased(
+        2, this->_internal_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Any)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Any::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Any)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string type_url = 1;
+  if (this->type_url().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_type_url());
+  }
+
+  // bytes value = 2;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::BytesSize(
+        this->_internal_value());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Any::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Any)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Any* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Any>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Any)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Any)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Any::MergeFrom(const Any& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Any)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (from.type_url().size() > 0) {
+
+    type_url_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.type_url_);
+  }
+  if (from.value().size() > 0) {
+
+    value_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.value_);
+  }
+}
+
+void Any::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Any)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Any::CopyFrom(const Any& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Any)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Any::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Any::InternalSwap(Any* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  type_url_.Swap(&other->type_url_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  value_.Swap(&other->value_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Any::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any >(arena);
+}
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ff9341b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/any.proto
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3011000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3011004 < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace internal {
+class AnyMetadata;
+}  // namespace internal
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto {
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTableField entries[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTable schema[1]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 offsets[];
+};
+extern PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class Any;
+class AnyDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern AnyDefaultTypeInternal _Any_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any>(Arena*);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Any :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Any) */ {
+ public:
+  Any();
+  virtual ~Any();
+
+  Any(const Any& from);
+  Any(Any&& from) noexcept
+    : Any() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Any& operator=(const Any& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Any& operator=(Any&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Any& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Any* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Any*>(
+               &_Any_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    0;
+
+  // implements Any -----------------------------------------------
+
+  void PackFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& message) {
+    _any_metadata_.PackFrom(message);
+  }
+  void PackFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& message,
+                const std::string& type_url_prefix) {
+    _any_metadata_.PackFrom(message, type_url_prefix);
+  }
+  bool UnpackTo(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message* message) const {
+    return _any_metadata_.UnpackTo(message);
+  }
+  static bool GetAnyFieldDescriptors(
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& message,
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptor** type_url_field,
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptor** value_field);
+  template <typename T, class = typename std::enable_if<!std::is_convertible<T, const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message&>::value>::type>
+  void PackFrom(const T& message) {
+    _any_metadata_.PackFrom<T>(message);
+  }
+  template <typename T, class = typename std::enable_if<!std::is_convertible<T, const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message&>::value>::type>
+  void PackFrom(const T& message,
+                const std::string& type_url_prefix) {
+    _any_metadata_.PackFrom<T>(message, type_url_prefix);}
+  template <typename T, class = typename std::enable_if<!std::is_convertible<T, const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message&>::value>::type>
+  bool UnpackTo(T* message) const {
+    return _any_metadata_.UnpackTo<T>(message);
+  }
+  template<typename T> bool Is() const {
+    return _any_metadata_.Is<T>();
+  }
+  static bool ParseAnyTypeUrl(const string& type_url,
+                              std::string* full_type_name);
+  friend void swap(Any& a, Any& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Any* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Any* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Any>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Any* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Any>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Any& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Any& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Any* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Any";
+  }
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kTypeUrlFieldNumber = 1,
+    kValueFieldNumber = 2,
+  };
+  // string type_url = 1;
+  void clear_type_url();
+  const std::string& type_url() const;
+  void set_type_url(const std::string& value);
+  void set_type_url(std::string&& value);
+  void set_type_url(const char* value);
+  void set_type_url(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_type_url();
+  std::string* release_type_url();
+  void set_allocated_type_url(std::string* type_url);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_type_url() const;
+  void _internal_set_type_url(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_type_url();
+  public:
+
+  // bytes value = 2;
+  void clear_value();
+  const std::string& value() const;
+  void set_value(const std::string& value);
+  void set_value(std::string&& value);
+  void set_value(const char* value);
+  void set_value(const void* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_value();
+  std::string* release_value();
+  void set_allocated_value(std::string* value);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_value(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_value();
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Any)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr type_url_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr value_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata _any_metadata_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// Any
+
+// string type_url = 1;
+inline void Any::clear_type_url() {
+  type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const std::string& Any::type_url() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+  return _internal_type_url();
+}
+inline void Any::set_type_url(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_type_url(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+}
+inline std::string* Any::mutable_type_url() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+  return _internal_mutable_type_url();
+}
+inline const std::string& Any::_internal_type_url() const {
+  return type_url_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void Any::_internal_set_type_url(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void Any::set_type_url(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+}
+inline void Any::set_type_url(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+}
+inline void Any::set_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+}
+inline std::string* Any::_internal_mutable_type_url() {
+  
+  return type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* Any::release_type_url() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+  
+  return type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Any::set_allocated_type_url(std::string* type_url) {
+  if (type_url != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  type_url_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), type_url);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+}
+
+// bytes value = 2;
+inline void Any::clear_value() {
+  value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const std::string& Any::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+  return _internal_value();
+}
+inline void Any::set_value(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+}
+inline std::string* Any::mutable_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+  return _internal_mutable_value();
+}
+inline const std::string& Any::_internal_value() const {
+  return value_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void Any::_internal_set_value(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void Any::set_value(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+}
+inline void Any::set_value(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+}
+inline void Any::set_value(const void* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+}
+inline std::string* Any::_internal_mutable_value() {
+  
+  return value_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* Any::release_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+  
+  return value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Any::set_allocated_value(std::string* value) {
+  if (value != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9be85416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option go_package = "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/any";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "AnyProto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+// `Any` contains an arbitrary serialized protocol buffer message along with a
+// URL that describes the type of the serialized message.
+//
+// Protobuf library provides support to pack/unpack Any values in the form
+// of utility functions or additional generated methods of the Any type.
+//
+// Example 1: Pack and unpack a message in C++.
+//
+//     Foo foo = ...;
+//     Any any;
+//     any.PackFrom(foo);
+//     ...
+//     if (any.UnpackTo(&foo)) {
+//       ...
+//     }
+//
+// Example 2: Pack and unpack a message in Java.
+//
+//     Foo foo = ...;
+//     Any any = Any.pack(foo);
+//     ...
+//     if (any.is(Foo.class)) {
+//       foo = any.unpack(Foo.class);
+//     }
+//
+//  Example 3: Pack and unpack a message in Python.
+//
+//     foo = Foo(...)
+//     any = Any()
+//     any.Pack(foo)
+//     ...
+//     if any.Is(Foo.DESCRIPTOR):
+//       any.Unpack(foo)
+//       ...
+//
+//  Example 4: Pack and unpack a message in Go
+//
+//      foo := &pb.Foo{...}
+//      any, err := ptypes.MarshalAny(foo)
+//      ...
+//      foo := &pb.Foo{}
+//      if err := ptypes.UnmarshalAny(any, foo); err != nil {
+//        ...
+//      }
+//
+// The pack methods provided by protobuf library will by default use
+// 'type.googleapis.com/full.type.name' as the type URL and the unpack
+// methods only use the fully qualified type name after the last '/'
+// in the type URL, for example "foo.bar.com/x/y.z" will yield type
+// name "y.z".
+//
+//
+// JSON
+// ====
+// The JSON representation of an `Any` value uses the regular
+// representation of the deserialized, embedded message, with an
+// additional field `@type` which contains the type URL. Example:
+//
+//     package google.profile;
+//     message Person {
+//       string first_name = 1;
+//       string last_name = 2;
+//     }
+//
+//     {
+//       "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.profile.Person",
+//       "firstName": <string>,
+//       "lastName": <string>
+//     }
+//
+// If the embedded message type is well-known and has a custom JSON
+// representation, that representation will be embedded adding a field
+// `value` which holds the custom JSON in addition to the `@type`
+// field. Example (for message [google.protobuf.Duration][]):
+//
+//     {
+//       "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration",
+//       "value": "1.212s"
+//     }
+//
+message Any {
+  // A URL/resource name that uniquely identifies the type of the serialized
+  // protocol buffer message. This string must contain at least
+  // one "/" character. The last segment of the URL's path must represent
+  // the fully qualified name of the type (as in
+  // `path/google.protobuf.Duration`). The name should be in a canonical form
+  // (e.g., leading "." is not accepted).
+  //
+  // In practice, teams usually precompile into the binary all types that they
+  // expect it to use in the context of Any. However, for URLs which use the
+  // scheme `http`, `https`, or no scheme, one can optionally set up a type
+  // server that maps type URLs to message definitions as follows:
+  //
+  // * If no scheme is provided, `https` is assumed.
+  // * An HTTP GET on the URL must yield a [google.protobuf.Type][]
+  //   value in binary format, or produce an error.
+  // * Applications are allowed to cache lookup results based on the
+  //   URL, or have them precompiled into a binary to avoid any
+  //   lookup. Therefore, binary compatibility needs to be preserved
+  //   on changes to types. (Use versioned type names to manage
+  //   breaking changes.)
+  //
+  // Note: this functionality is not currently available in the official
+  // protobuf release, and it is not used for type URLs beginning with
+  // type.googleapis.com.
+  //
+  // Schemes other than `http`, `https` (or the empty scheme) might be
+  // used with implementation specific semantics.
+  //
+  string type_url = 1;
+
+  // Must be a valid serialized protocol buffer of the above specified type.
+  bytes value = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..783938133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/any.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+std::string GetTypeUrl(StringPiece message_name,
+                       StringPiece type_url_prefix) {
+  if (!type_url_prefix.empty() &&
+      type_url_prefix[type_url_prefix.size() - 1] == '/') {
+    return StrCat(type_url_prefix, message_name);
+  } else {
+    return StrCat(type_url_prefix, "/", message_name);
+  }
+}
+
+const char kAnyFullTypeName[] = "google.protobuf.Any";
+const char kTypeGoogleApisComPrefix[] = "type.googleapis.com/";
+const char kTypeGoogleProdComPrefix[] = "type.googleprod.com/";
+
+AnyMetadata::AnyMetadata(UrlType* type_url, ValueType* value)
+    : type_url_(type_url), value_(value) {}
+
+void AnyMetadata::InternalPackFrom(const MessageLite& message,
+                                   StringPiece type_url_prefix,
+                                   StringPiece type_name) {
+  type_url_->SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString(),
+                        GetTypeUrl(type_name, type_url_prefix));
+  message.SerializeToString(value_->MutableNoArena(
+      &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()));
+}
+
+bool AnyMetadata::InternalUnpackTo(StringPiece type_name,
+                                   MessageLite* message) const {
+  if (!InternalIs(type_name)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return message->ParseFromString(value_->GetNoArena());
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// The type URL could be stored in either an ArenaStringPtr or a
+// StringPieceField, so we provide these helpers to get a string_view from
+// either type. We use a template function as a way to avoid depending on
+// StringPieceField.
+
+template <typename T>
+StringPiece Get(const T* ptr) {
+  return ptr->Get();
+}
+
+template <>
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE: clang-diagnostic-unused-function
+StringPiece Get(const ArenaStringPtr* ptr) {
+  return ptr->GetNoArena();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool AnyMetadata::InternalIs(StringPiece type_name) const {
+  StringPiece type_url = Get(type_url_);
+  return type_url.size() >= type_name.size() + 1 &&
+         type_url[type_url.size() - type_name.size() - 1] == '/' &&
+         HasSuffixString(type_url, type_name);
+}
+
+bool ParseAnyTypeUrl(const std::string& type_url, std::string* url_prefix,
+                     std::string* full_type_name) {
+  size_t pos = type_url.find_last_of("/");
+  if (pos == std::string::npos || pos + 1 == type_url.size()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (url_prefix) {
+    *url_prefix = type_url.substr(0, pos + 1);
+  }
+  *full_type_name = type_url.substr(pos + 1);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ParseAnyTypeUrl(const std::string& type_url, std::string* full_type_name) {
+  return ParseAnyTypeUrl(type_url, nullptr, full_type_name);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d8893f7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/any_test.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(AnyTest, TestPackAndUnpack) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny submessage;
+  submessage.set_int32_value(12345);
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny message;
+  message.mutable_any_value()->PackFrom(submessage);
+
+  std::string data = message.SerializeAsString();
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_any_value());
+  submessage.Clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message.any_value().UnpackTo(&submessage));
+  EXPECT_EQ(12345, submessage.int32_value());
+}
+
+TEST(AnyTest, TestUnpackWithTypeMismatch) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny payload;
+  payload.set_int32_value(13);
+  google::protobuf::Any any;
+  any.PackFrom(payload);
+
+  // Attempt to unpack into the wrong type.
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes dest;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(any.UnpackTo(&dest));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyTest, TestPackAndUnpackAny) {
+  // We can pack a Any message inside another Any message.
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny submessage;
+  submessage.set_int32_value(12345);
+  google::protobuf::Any any;
+  any.PackFrom(submessage);
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny message;
+  message.mutable_any_value()->PackFrom(any);
+
+  std::string data = message.SerializeAsString();
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_any_value());
+  any.Clear();
+  submessage.Clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message.any_value().UnpackTo(&any));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(any.UnpackTo(&submessage));
+  EXPECT_EQ(12345, submessage.int32_value());
+}
+
+TEST(AnyTest, TestPackWithCustomTypeUrl) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny submessage;
+  submessage.set_int32_value(12345);
+  google::protobuf::Any any;
+  // Pack with a custom type URL prefix.
+  any.PackFrom(submessage, "type.myservice.com");
+  EXPECT_EQ("type.myservice.com/protobuf_unittest.TestAny", any.type_url());
+  // Pack with a custom type URL prefix ending with '/'.
+  any.PackFrom(submessage, "type.myservice.com/");
+  EXPECT_EQ("type.myservice.com/protobuf_unittest.TestAny", any.type_url());
+  // Pack with an empty type URL prefix.
+  any.PackFrom(submessage, "");
+  EXPECT_EQ("/protobuf_unittest.TestAny", any.type_url());
+
+  // Test unpacking the type.
+  submessage.Clear();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(any.UnpackTo(&submessage));
+  EXPECT_EQ(12345, submessage.int32_value());
+}
+
+TEST(AnyTest, TestIs) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny submessage;
+  submessage.set_int32_value(12345);
+  google::protobuf::Any any;
+  any.PackFrom(submessage);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(any.ParseFromString(any.SerializeAsString()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(any.Is<protobuf_unittest::TestAny>());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(any.Is<google::protobuf::Any>());
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny message;
+  message.mutable_any_value()->PackFrom(any);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeAsString()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.any_value().Is<protobuf_unittest::TestAny>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.any_value().Is<google::protobuf::Any>());
+
+  any.set_type_url("/protobuf_unittest.TestAny");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(any.Is<protobuf_unittest::TestAny>());
+  // The type URL must contain at least one "/".
+  any.set_type_url("protobuf_unittest.TestAny");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(any.Is<protobuf_unittest::TestAny>());
+  // The type name after the slash must be fully qualified.
+  any.set_type_url("/TestAny");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(any.Is<protobuf_unittest::TestAny>());
+}
+
+TEST(AnyTest, MoveConstructor) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny payload;
+  payload.set_int32_value(12345);
+
+  google::protobuf::Any src;
+  src.PackFrom(payload);
+
+  const char* type_url = src.type_url().data();
+
+  google::protobuf::Any dst(std::move(src));
+  EXPECT_EQ(type_url, dst.type_url().data());
+  payload.Clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dst.UnpackTo(&payload));
+  EXPECT_EQ(12345, payload.int32_value());
+}
+
+TEST(AnyTest, MoveAssignment) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny payload;
+  payload.set_int32_value(12345);
+
+  google::protobuf::Any src;
+  src.PackFrom(payload);
+
+  const char* type_url = src.type_url().data();
+
+  google::protobuf::Any dst;
+  dst = std::move(src);
+  EXPECT_EQ(type_url, dst.type_url().data());
+  payload.Clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dst.UnpackTo(&payload));
+  EXPECT_EQ(12345, payload.int32_value());
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c5b30ba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/any_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+
+message TestAny {
+  int32 int32_value = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Any any_value = 2;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Any repeated_any_value = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..294c4ef43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1229 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/api.proto
+
+#include <google/protobuf/api.pb.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_Method_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_Mixin_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_Option_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_SourceContext_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class ApiDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Api> _instance;
+} _Api_default_instance_;
+class MethodDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Method> _instance;
+} _Method_default_instance_;
+class MixinDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Mixin> _instance;
+} _Mixin_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_Api_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Api_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<4> scc_info_Api_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 4, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_Api_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_Method_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_Option_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_SourceContext_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_Mixin_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_Method_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Method_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_Method_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_Method_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_Option_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_Mixin_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Mixin_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_Mixin_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_Mixin_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto[3];
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor const** file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto = nullptr;
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor const** file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto = nullptr;
+
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto::offsets[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api, name_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api, methods_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api, options_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api, version_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api, source_context_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api, mixins_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api, syntax_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method, name_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method, request_type_url_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method, request_streaming_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method, response_type_url_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method, response_streaming_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method, options_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method, syntax_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin, name_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin, root_),
+};
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MigrationSchema schemas[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  { 0, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api)},
+  { 12, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method)},
+  { 24, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin)},
+};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message const * const file_default_instances[] = {
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Api_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Method_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Mixin_default_instance_),
+};
+
+const char descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
+  "\n\031google/protobuf/api.proto\022\017google.prot"
+  "obuf\032$google/protobuf/source_context.pro"
+  "to\032\032google/protobuf/type.proto\"\201\002\n\003Api\022\014"
+  "\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022(\n\007methods\030\002 \003(\0132\027.google.p"
+  "rotobuf.Method\022(\n\007options\030\003 \003(\0132\027.google"
+  ".protobuf.Option\022\017\n\007version\030\004 \001(\t\0226\n\016sou"
+  "rce_context\030\005 \001(\0132\036.google.protobuf.Sour"
+  "ceContext\022&\n\006mixins\030\006 \003(\0132\026.google.proto"
+  "buf.Mixin\022\'\n\006syntax\030\007 \001(\0162\027.google.proto"
+  "buf.Syntax\"\325\001\n\006Method\022\014\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022\030\n\020r"
+  "equest_type_url\030\002 \001(\t\022\031\n\021request_streami"
+  "ng\030\003 \001(\010\022\031\n\021response_type_url\030\004 \001(\t\022\032\n\022r"
+  "esponse_streaming\030\005 \001(\010\022(\n\007options\030\006 \003(\013"
+  "2\027.google.protobuf.Option\022\'\n\006syntax\030\007 \001("
+  "\0162\027.google.protobuf.Syntax\"#\n\005Mixin\022\014\n\004n"
+  "ame\030\001 \001(\t\022\014\n\004root\030\002 \001(\tBu\n\023com.google.pr"
+  "otobufB\010ApiProtoP\001Z+google.golang.org/ge"
+  "nproto/protobuf/api;api\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.P"
+  "rotobuf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3"
+  ;
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_deps[2] = {
+  &::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto,
+  &::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_sccs[3] = {
+  &scc_info_Api_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_Method_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_Mixin_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto.base,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_once;
+static bool descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_initialized = false;
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto = {
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_initialized, descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto, "google/protobuf/api.proto", 750,
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_once, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_sccs, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_deps, 3, 2,
+  schemas, file_default_instances, TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto::offsets,
+  file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto, 3, file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto, file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto,
+};
+
+// Force running AddDescriptors() at dynamic initialization time.
+static bool dynamic_init_dummy_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto = (  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AddDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto), true);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Api::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Api_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->source_context_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class Api::_Internal {
+ public:
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& source_context(const Api* msg);
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext&
+Api::_Internal::source_context(const Api* msg) {
+  return *msg->source_context_;
+}
+void Api::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+void Api::clear_source_context() {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr && source_context_ != nullptr) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+  source_context_ = nullptr;
+}
+Api::Api()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Api)
+}
+Api::Api(const Api& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      methods_(from.methods_),
+      options_(from.options_),
+      mixins_(from.mixins_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_name().empty()) {
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  version_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_version().empty()) {
+    version_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.version_);
+  }
+  if (from._internal_has_source_context()) {
+    source_context_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext(*from.source_context_);
+  } else {
+    source_context_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  syntax_ = from.syntax_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Api)
+}
+
+void Api::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_Api_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  version_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&source_context_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&syntax_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&source_context_)) + sizeof(syntax_));
+}
+
+Api::~Api() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Api)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Api::SharedDtor() {
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  version_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete source_context_;
+}
+
+void Api::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Api& Api::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_Api_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Api::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Api)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  methods_.Clear();
+  options_.Clear();
+  mixins_.Clear();
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  version_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr && source_context_ != nullptr) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+  source_context_ = nullptr;
+  syntax_ = 0;
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Api::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Api.name"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_methods(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<18>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_options(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<26>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // string version = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 34)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_version();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Api.version"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+      case 5:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 42)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_source_context(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Mixin mixins = 6;
+      case 6:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 50)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_mixins(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<50>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;
+      case 7:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 56)) {
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 val = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+          _internal_set_syntax(static_cast<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax>(val));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Api::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Api)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Api.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_methods_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(2, this->_internal_methods(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_options_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(3, this->_internal_options(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // string version = 4;
+  if (this->version().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_version().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_version().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Api.version");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        4, this->_internal_version(), target);
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        5, _Internal::source_context(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Mixin mixins = 6;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_mixins_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(6, this->_internal_mixins(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;
+  if (this->syntax() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      7, this->_internal_syntax(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Api)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Api::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Api)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_methods_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->methods_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_options_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->options_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Mixin mixins = 6;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_mixins_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->mixins_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_name());
+  }
+
+  // string version = 4;
+  if (this->version().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_version());
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+        *source_context_);
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;
+  if (this->syntax() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->_internal_syntax());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Api::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Api)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Api* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Api>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Api)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Api)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Api::MergeFrom(const Api& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Api)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  methods_.MergeFrom(from.methods_);
+  options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
+  mixins_.MergeFrom(from.mixins_);
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  if (from.version().size() > 0) {
+
+    version_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.version_);
+  }
+  if (from.has_source_context()) {
+    _internal_mutable_source_context()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext::MergeFrom(from._internal_source_context());
+  }
+  if (from.syntax() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_syntax(from._internal_syntax());
+  }
+}
+
+void Api::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Api)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Api::CopyFrom(const Api& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Api)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Api::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Api::InternalSwap(Api* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  methods_.InternalSwap(&other->methods_);
+  options_.InternalSwap(&other->options_);
+  mixins_.InternalSwap(&other->mixins_);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  version_.Swap(&other->version_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(source_context_, other->source_context_);
+  swap(syntax_, other->syntax_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Api::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Method::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class Method::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+void Method::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+Method::Method()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Method)
+}
+Method::Method(const Method& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      options_(from.options_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_name().empty()) {
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  request_type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_request_type_url().empty()) {
+    request_type_url_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.request_type_url_);
+  }
+  response_type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_response_type_url().empty()) {
+    response_type_url_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.response_type_url_);
+  }
+  ::memcpy(&request_streaming_, &from.request_streaming_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&syntax_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&request_streaming_)) + sizeof(syntax_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Method)
+}
+
+void Method::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_Method_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  request_type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  response_type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&request_streaming_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&syntax_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&request_streaming_)) + sizeof(syntax_));
+}
+
+Method::~Method() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Method)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Method::SharedDtor() {
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  request_type_url_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  response_type_url_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void Method::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Method& Method::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_Method_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Method::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Method)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  options_.Clear();
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  request_type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  response_type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&request_streaming_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&syntax_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&request_streaming_)) + sizeof(syntax_));
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Method::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Method.name"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // string request_type_url = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_request_type_url();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // bool request_streaming = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 24)) {
+          request_streaming_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // string response_type_url = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 34)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_response_type_url();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // bool response_streaming = 5;
+      case 5:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 40)) {
+          response_streaming_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;
+      case 6:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 50)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_options(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<50>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;
+      case 7:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 56)) {
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 val = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+          _internal_set_syntax(static_cast<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax>(val));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Method::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Method)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Method.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // string request_type_url = 2;
+  if (this->request_type_url().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_request_type_url().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_request_type_url().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        2, this->_internal_request_type_url(), target);
+  }
+
+  // bool request_streaming = 3;
+  if (this->request_streaming() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(3, this->_internal_request_streaming(), target);
+  }
+
+  // string response_type_url = 4;
+  if (this->response_type_url().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_response_type_url().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_response_type_url().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        4, this->_internal_response_type_url(), target);
+  }
+
+  // bool response_streaming = 5;
+  if (this->response_streaming() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(5, this->_internal_response_streaming(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_options_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(6, this->_internal_options(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;
+  if (this->syntax() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      7, this->_internal_syntax(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Method)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Method::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Method)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_options_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->options_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_name());
+  }
+
+  // string request_type_url = 2;
+  if (this->request_type_url().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_request_type_url());
+  }
+
+  // string response_type_url = 4;
+  if (this->response_type_url().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_response_type_url());
+  }
+
+  // bool request_streaming = 3;
+  if (this->request_streaming() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 + 1;
+  }
+
+  // bool response_streaming = 5;
+  if (this->response_streaming() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 + 1;
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;
+  if (this->syntax() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->_internal_syntax());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Method::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Method)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Method* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Method>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Method)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Method)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Method::MergeFrom(const Method& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Method)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  if (from.request_type_url().size() > 0) {
+
+    request_type_url_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.request_type_url_);
+  }
+  if (from.response_type_url().size() > 0) {
+
+    response_type_url_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.response_type_url_);
+  }
+  if (from.request_streaming() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_request_streaming(from._internal_request_streaming());
+  }
+  if (from.response_streaming() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_response_streaming(from._internal_response_streaming());
+  }
+  if (from.syntax() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_syntax(from._internal_syntax());
+  }
+}
+
+void Method::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Method)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Method::CopyFrom(const Method& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Method)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Method::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Method::InternalSwap(Method* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  options_.InternalSwap(&other->options_);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  request_type_url_.Swap(&other->request_type_url_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  response_type_url_.Swap(&other->response_type_url_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(request_streaming_, other->request_streaming_);
+  swap(response_streaming_, other->response_streaming_);
+  swap(syntax_, other->syntax_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Method::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Mixin::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class Mixin::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+Mixin::Mixin()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Mixin)
+}
+Mixin::Mixin(const Mixin& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_name().empty()) {
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  root_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_root().empty()) {
+    root_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.root_);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Mixin)
+}
+
+void Mixin::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_Mixin_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  root_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+Mixin::~Mixin() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Mixin)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Mixin::SharedDtor() {
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  root_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void Mixin::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Mixin& Mixin::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_Mixin_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Mixin::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Mixin)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  root_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Mixin::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Mixin.name"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // string root = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_root();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Mixin.root"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Mixin::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Mixin)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Mixin.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // string root = 2;
+  if (this->root().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_root().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_root().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Mixin.root");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        2, this->_internal_root(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Mixin)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Mixin::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Mixin)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_name());
+  }
+
+  // string root = 2;
+  if (this->root().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_root());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Mixin::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Mixin)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Mixin* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Mixin>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Mixin)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Mixin)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Mixin::MergeFrom(const Mixin& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Mixin)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  if (from.root().size() > 0) {
+
+    root_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.root_);
+  }
+}
+
+void Mixin::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Mixin)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Mixin::CopyFrom(const Mixin& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Mixin)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Mixin::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Mixin::InternalSwap(Mixin* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  root_.Swap(&other->root_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Mixin::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin >(arena);
+}
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed49df1b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1433 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/api.proto
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3011000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3011004 < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace internal {
+class AnyMetadata;
+}  // namespace internal
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto {
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTableField entries[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTable schema[3]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 offsets[];
+};
+extern PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class Api;
+class ApiDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern ApiDefaultTypeInternal _Api_default_instance_;
+class Method;
+class MethodDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern MethodDefaultTypeInternal _Method_default_instance_;
+class Mixin;
+class MixinDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern MixinDefaultTypeInternal _Mixin_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Api>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin>(Arena*);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Api :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Api) */ {
+ public:
+  Api();
+  virtual ~Api();
+
+  Api(const Api& from);
+  Api(Api&& from) noexcept
+    : Api() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Api& operator=(const Api& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Api& operator=(Api&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Api& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Api* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Api*>(
+               &_Api_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    0;
+
+  friend void swap(Api& a, Api& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Api* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Api* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Api>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Api* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Api>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Api& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Api& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Api* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Api";
+  }
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kMethodsFieldNumber = 2,
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 3,
+    kMixinsFieldNumber = 6,
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kVersionFieldNumber = 4,
+    kSourceContextFieldNumber = 5,
+    kSyntaxFieldNumber = 7,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;
+  int methods_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_methods_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_methods();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method* mutable_methods(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method >*
+      mutable_methods();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method& _internal_methods(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method* _internal_add_methods();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method& methods(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method* add_methods();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method >&
+      methods() const;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  int options_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_options_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* mutable_options(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >*
+      mutable_options();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& _internal_options(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* _internal_add_options();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& options(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* add_options();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >&
+      options() const;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Mixin mixins = 6;
+  int mixins_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_mixins_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_mixins();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin* mutable_mixins(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin >*
+      mutable_mixins();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin& _internal_mixins(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin* _internal_add_mixins();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin& mixins(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin* add_mixins();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin >&
+      mixins() const;
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // string version = 4;
+  void clear_version();
+  const std::string& version() const;
+  void set_version(const std::string& value);
+  void set_version(std::string&& value);
+  void set_version(const char* value);
+  void set_version(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_version();
+  std::string* release_version();
+  void set_allocated_version(std::string* version);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_version() const;
+  void _internal_set_version(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_version();
+  public:
+
+  // .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  bool has_source_context() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_source_context() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_source_context();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& source_context() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* release_source_context();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* mutable_source_context();
+  void set_allocated_source_context(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* source_context);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& _internal_source_context() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* _internal_mutable_source_context();
+  public:
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;
+  void clear_syntax();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax syntax() const;
+  void set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value);
+  private:
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax _internal_syntax() const;
+  void _internal_set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Api)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method > methods_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option > options_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin > mixins_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr version_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* source_context_;
+  int syntax_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Method :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Method) */ {
+ public:
+  Method();
+  virtual ~Method();
+
+  Method(const Method& from);
+  Method(Method&& from) noexcept
+    : Method() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Method& operator=(const Method& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Method& operator=(Method&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Method& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Method* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Method*>(
+               &_Method_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    1;
+
+  friend void swap(Method& a, Method& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Method* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Method* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Method>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Method* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Method>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Method& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Method& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Method* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Method";
+  }
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 6,
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kRequestTypeUrlFieldNumber = 2,
+    kResponseTypeUrlFieldNumber = 4,
+    kRequestStreamingFieldNumber = 3,
+    kResponseStreamingFieldNumber = 5,
+    kSyntaxFieldNumber = 7,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;
+  int options_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_options_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* mutable_options(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >*
+      mutable_options();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& _internal_options(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* _internal_add_options();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& options(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* add_options();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >&
+      options() const;
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // string request_type_url = 2;
+  void clear_request_type_url();
+  const std::string& request_type_url() const;
+  void set_request_type_url(const std::string& value);
+  void set_request_type_url(std::string&& value);
+  void set_request_type_url(const char* value);
+  void set_request_type_url(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_request_type_url();
+  std::string* release_request_type_url();
+  void set_allocated_request_type_url(std::string* request_type_url);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_request_type_url() const;
+  void _internal_set_request_type_url(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_request_type_url();
+  public:
+
+  // string response_type_url = 4;
+  void clear_response_type_url();
+  const std::string& response_type_url() const;
+  void set_response_type_url(const std::string& value);
+  void set_response_type_url(std::string&& value);
+  void set_response_type_url(const char* value);
+  void set_response_type_url(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_response_type_url();
+  std::string* release_response_type_url();
+  void set_allocated_response_type_url(std::string* response_type_url);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_response_type_url() const;
+  void _internal_set_response_type_url(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_response_type_url();
+  public:
+
+  // bool request_streaming = 3;
+  void clear_request_streaming();
+  bool request_streaming() const;
+  void set_request_streaming(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_request_streaming() const;
+  void _internal_set_request_streaming(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // bool response_streaming = 5;
+  void clear_response_streaming();
+  bool response_streaming() const;
+  void set_response_streaming(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_response_streaming() const;
+  void _internal_set_response_streaming(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;
+  void clear_syntax();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax syntax() const;
+  void set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value);
+  private:
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax _internal_syntax() const;
+  void _internal_set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Method)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option > options_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr request_type_url_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr response_type_url_;
+  bool request_streaming_;
+  bool response_streaming_;
+  int syntax_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Mixin :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Mixin) */ {
+ public:
+  Mixin();
+  virtual ~Mixin();
+
+  Mixin(const Mixin& from);
+  Mixin(Mixin&& from) noexcept
+    : Mixin() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Mixin& operator=(const Mixin& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Mixin& operator=(Mixin&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Mixin& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Mixin* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Mixin*>(
+               &_Mixin_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    2;
+
+  friend void swap(Mixin& a, Mixin& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Mixin* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Mixin* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Mixin>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Mixin* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Mixin>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Mixin& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Mixin& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Mixin* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Mixin";
+  }
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kRootFieldNumber = 2,
+  };
+  // string name = 1;
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // string root = 2;
+  void clear_root();
+  const std::string& root() const;
+  void set_root(const std::string& value);
+  void set_root(std::string&& value);
+  void set_root(const char* value);
+  void set_root(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_root();
+  std::string* release_root();
+  void set_allocated_root(std::string* root);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_root() const;
+  void _internal_set_root(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_root();
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Mixin)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr root_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// Api
+
+// string name = 1;
+inline void Api::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const std::string& Api::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void Api::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Api::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& Api::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void Api::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void Api::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+}
+inline void Api::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+}
+inline void Api::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Api::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* Api::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Api::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;
+inline int Api::_internal_methods_size() const {
+  return methods_.size();
+}
+inline int Api::methods_size() const {
+  return _internal_methods_size();
+}
+inline void Api::clear_methods() {
+  methods_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method* Api::mutable_methods(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return methods_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method >*
+Api::mutable_methods() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return &methods_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method& Api::_internal_methods(int index) const {
+  return methods_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method& Api::methods(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return _internal_methods(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method* Api::_internal_add_methods() {
+  return methods_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method* Api::add_methods() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return _internal_add_methods();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Method >&
+Api::methods() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return methods_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+inline int Api::_internal_options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+inline int Api::options_size() const {
+  return _internal_options_size();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Api::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >*
+Api::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& Api::_internal_options(int index) const {
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& Api::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return _internal_options(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Api::_internal_add_options() {
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Api::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return _internal_add_options();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >&
+Api::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+
+// string version = 4;
+inline void Api::clear_version() {
+  version_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const std::string& Api::version() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+  return _internal_version();
+}
+inline void Api::set_version(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_version(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+}
+inline std::string* Api::mutable_version() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+  return _internal_mutable_version();
+}
+inline const std::string& Api::_internal_version() const {
+  return version_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void Api::_internal_set_version(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  version_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void Api::set_version(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  version_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+}
+inline void Api::set_version(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  version_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+}
+inline void Api::set_version(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  version_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+}
+inline std::string* Api::_internal_mutable_version() {
+  
+  return version_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* Api::release_version() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+  
+  return version_.ReleaseNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Api::set_allocated_version(std::string* version) {
+  if (version != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  version_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), version);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+}
+
+// .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+inline bool Api::_internal_has_source_context() const {
+  return this != internal_default_instance() && source_context_ != nullptr;
+}
+inline bool Api::has_source_context() const {
+  return _internal_has_source_context();
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& Api::_internal_source_context() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* p = source_context_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_SourceContext_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& Api::source_context() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.source_context)
+  return _internal_source_context();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* Api::release_source_context() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Api.source_context)
+  
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+  source_context_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* Api::_internal_mutable_source_context() {
+  
+  if (source_context_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    source_context_ = p;
+  }
+  return source_context_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* Api::mutable_source_context() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.source_context)
+  return _internal_mutable_source_context();
+}
+inline void Api::set_allocated_source_context(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete reinterpret_cast< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageLite*>(source_context_);
+  }
+  if (source_context) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena = nullptr;
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      source_context = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, source_context, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  source_context_ = source_context;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Api.source_context)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Mixin mixins = 6;
+inline int Api::_internal_mixins_size() const {
+  return mixins_.size();
+}
+inline int Api::mixins_size() const {
+  return _internal_mixins_size();
+}
+inline void Api::clear_mixins() {
+  mixins_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin* Api::mutable_mixins(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.mixins)
+  return mixins_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin >*
+Api::mutable_mixins() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Api.mixins)
+  return &mixins_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin& Api::_internal_mixins(int index) const {
+  return mixins_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin& Api::mixins(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.mixins)
+  return _internal_mixins(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin* Api::_internal_add_mixins() {
+  return mixins_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin* Api::add_mixins() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Api.mixins)
+  return _internal_add_mixins();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Mixin >&
+Api::mixins() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Api.mixins)
+  return mixins_;
+}
+
+// .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;
+inline void Api::clear_syntax() {
+  syntax_ = 0;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax Api::_internal_syntax() const {
+  return static_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax >(syntax_);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax Api::syntax() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.syntax)
+  return _internal_syntax();
+}
+inline void Api::_internal_set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value) {
+  
+  syntax_ = value;
+}
+inline void Api::set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value) {
+  _internal_set_syntax(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Api.syntax)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Method
+
+// string name = 1;
+inline void Method::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const std::string& Method::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void Method::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Method::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& Method::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void Method::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void Method::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+}
+inline void Method::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+}
+inline void Method::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Method::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* Method::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Method::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+}
+
+// string request_type_url = 2;
+inline void Method::clear_request_type_url() {
+  request_type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const std::string& Method::request_type_url() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+  return _internal_request_type_url();
+}
+inline void Method::set_request_type_url(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_request_type_url(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+}
+inline std::string* Method::mutable_request_type_url() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+  return _internal_mutable_request_type_url();
+}
+inline const std::string& Method::_internal_request_type_url() const {
+  return request_type_url_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void Method::_internal_set_request_type_url(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  request_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void Method::set_request_type_url(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  request_type_url_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+}
+inline void Method::set_request_type_url(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  request_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+}
+inline void Method::set_request_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  request_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+}
+inline std::string* Method::_internal_mutable_request_type_url() {
+  
+  return request_type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* Method::release_request_type_url() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+  
+  return request_type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Method::set_allocated_request_type_url(std::string* request_type_url) {
+  if (request_type_url != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  request_type_url_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), request_type_url);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+}
+
+// bool request_streaming = 3;
+inline void Method::clear_request_streaming() {
+  request_streaming_ = false;
+}
+inline bool Method::_internal_request_streaming() const {
+  return request_streaming_;
+}
+inline bool Method::request_streaming() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.request_streaming)
+  return _internal_request_streaming();
+}
+inline void Method::_internal_set_request_streaming(bool value) {
+  
+  request_streaming_ = value;
+}
+inline void Method::set_request_streaming(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_request_streaming(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.request_streaming)
+}
+
+// string response_type_url = 4;
+inline void Method::clear_response_type_url() {
+  response_type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const std::string& Method::response_type_url() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+  return _internal_response_type_url();
+}
+inline void Method::set_response_type_url(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_response_type_url(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+}
+inline std::string* Method::mutable_response_type_url() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+  return _internal_mutable_response_type_url();
+}
+inline const std::string& Method::_internal_response_type_url() const {
+  return response_type_url_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void Method::_internal_set_response_type_url(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  response_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void Method::set_response_type_url(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  response_type_url_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+}
+inline void Method::set_response_type_url(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  response_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+}
+inline void Method::set_response_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  response_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+}
+inline std::string* Method::_internal_mutable_response_type_url() {
+  
+  return response_type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* Method::release_response_type_url() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+  
+  return response_type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Method::set_allocated_response_type_url(std::string* response_type_url) {
+  if (response_type_url != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  response_type_url_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), response_type_url);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+}
+
+// bool response_streaming = 5;
+inline void Method::clear_response_streaming() {
+  response_streaming_ = false;
+}
+inline bool Method::_internal_response_streaming() const {
+  return response_streaming_;
+}
+inline bool Method::response_streaming() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.response_streaming)
+  return _internal_response_streaming();
+}
+inline void Method::_internal_set_response_streaming(bool value) {
+  
+  response_streaming_ = value;
+}
+inline void Method::set_response_streaming(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_response_streaming(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.response_streaming)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;
+inline int Method::_internal_options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+inline int Method::options_size() const {
+  return _internal_options_size();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Method::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >*
+Method::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& Method::_internal_options(int index) const {
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& Method::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return _internal_options(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Method::_internal_add_options() {
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Method::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return _internal_add_options();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >&
+Method::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+
+// .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 7;
+inline void Method::clear_syntax() {
+  syntax_ = 0;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax Method::_internal_syntax() const {
+  return static_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax >(syntax_);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax Method::syntax() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.syntax)
+  return _internal_syntax();
+}
+inline void Method::_internal_set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value) {
+  
+  syntax_ = value;
+}
+inline void Method::set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value) {
+  _internal_set_syntax(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.syntax)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Mixin
+
+// string name = 1;
+inline void Mixin::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const std::string& Mixin::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Mixin.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void Mixin::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Mixin.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Mixin::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Mixin.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& Mixin::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void Mixin::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void Mixin::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Mixin.name)
+}
+inline void Mixin::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Mixin.name)
+}
+inline void Mixin::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Mixin.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Mixin::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* Mixin::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Mixin.name)
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Mixin::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Mixin.name)
+}
+
+// string root = 2;
+inline void Mixin::clear_root() {
+  root_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const std::string& Mixin::root() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Mixin.root)
+  return _internal_root();
+}
+inline void Mixin::set_root(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_root(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Mixin.root)
+}
+inline std::string* Mixin::mutable_root() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Mixin.root)
+  return _internal_mutable_root();
+}
+inline const std::string& Mixin::_internal_root() const {
+  return root_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void Mixin::_internal_set_root(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  root_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void Mixin::set_root(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  root_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Mixin.root)
+}
+inline void Mixin::set_root(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  root_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Mixin.root)
+}
+inline void Mixin::set_root(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  root_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Mixin.root)
+}
+inline std::string* Mixin::_internal_mutable_root() {
+  
+  return root_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* Mixin::release_root() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Mixin.root)
+  
+  return root_.ReleaseNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Mixin::set_allocated_root(std::string* root) {
+  if (root != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  root_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), root);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Mixin.root)
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/api.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/api.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f37ee2fa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/api.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+import "google/protobuf/source_context.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/type.proto";
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "ApiProto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+option go_package = "google.golang.org/genproto/protobuf/api;api";
+
+// Api is a light-weight descriptor for an API Interface.
+//
+// Interfaces are also described as "protocol buffer services" in some contexts,
+// such as by the "service" keyword in a .proto file, but they are different
+// from API Services, which represent a concrete implementation of an interface
+// as opposed to simply a description of methods and bindings. They are also
+// sometimes simply referred to as "APIs" in other contexts, such as the name of
+// this message itself. See https://cloud.google.com/apis/design/glossary for
+// detailed terminology.
+message Api {
+
+  // The fully qualified name of this interface, including package name
+  // followed by the interface's simple name.
+  string name = 1;
+
+  // The methods of this interface, in unspecified order.
+  repeated Method methods = 2;
+
+  // Any metadata attached to the interface.
+  repeated Option options = 3;
+
+  // A version string for this interface. If specified, must have the form
+  // `major-version.minor-version`, as in `1.10`. If the minor version is
+  // omitted, it defaults to zero. If the entire version field is empty, the
+  // major version is derived from the package name, as outlined below. If the
+  // field is not empty, the version in the package name will be verified to be
+  // consistent with what is provided here.
+  //
+  // The versioning schema uses [semantic
+  // versioning](http://semver.org) where the major version number
+  // indicates a breaking change and the minor version an additive,
+  // non-breaking change. Both version numbers are signals to users
+  // what to expect from different versions, and should be carefully
+  // chosen based on the product plan.
+  //
+  // The major version is also reflected in the package name of the
+  // interface, which must end in `v<major-version>`, as in
+  // `google.feature.v1`. For major versions 0 and 1, the suffix can
+  // be omitted. Zero major versions must only be used for
+  // experimental, non-GA interfaces.
+  //
+  //
+  string version = 4;
+
+  // Source context for the protocol buffer service represented by this
+  // message.
+  SourceContext source_context = 5;
+
+  // Included interfaces. See [Mixin][].
+  repeated Mixin mixins = 6;
+
+  // The source syntax of the service.
+  Syntax syntax = 7;
+}
+
+// Method represents a method of an API interface.
+message Method {
+
+  // The simple name of this method.
+  string name = 1;
+
+  // A URL of the input message type.
+  string request_type_url = 2;
+
+  // If true, the request is streamed.
+  bool request_streaming = 3;
+
+  // The URL of the output message type.
+  string response_type_url = 4;
+
+  // If true, the response is streamed.
+  bool response_streaming = 5;
+
+  // Any metadata attached to the method.
+  repeated Option options = 6;
+
+  // The source syntax of this method.
+  Syntax syntax = 7;
+}
+
+// Declares an API Interface to be included in this interface. The including
+// interface must redeclare all the methods from the included interface, but
+// documentation and options are inherited as follows:
+//
+// - If after comment and whitespace stripping, the documentation
+//   string of the redeclared method is empty, it will be inherited
+//   from the original method.
+//
+// - Each annotation belonging to the service config (http,
+//   visibility) which is not set in the redeclared method will be
+//   inherited.
+//
+// - If an http annotation is inherited, the path pattern will be
+//   modified as follows. Any version prefix will be replaced by the
+//   version of the including interface plus the [root][] path if
+//   specified.
+//
+// Example of a simple mixin:
+//
+//     package google.acl.v1;
+//     service AccessControl {
+//       // Get the underlying ACL object.
+//       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl) {
+//         option (google.api.http).get = "/v1/{resource=**}:getAcl";
+//       }
+//     }
+//
+//     package google.storage.v2;
+//     service Storage {
+//       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl);
+//
+//       // Get a data record.
+//       rpc GetData(GetDataRequest) returns (Data) {
+//         option (google.api.http).get = "/v2/{resource=**}";
+//       }
+//     }
+//
+// Example of a mixin configuration:
+//
+//     apis:
+//     - name: google.storage.v2.Storage
+//       mixins:
+//       - name: google.acl.v1.AccessControl
+//
+// The mixin construct implies that all methods in `AccessControl` are
+// also declared with same name and request/response types in
+// `Storage`. A documentation generator or annotation processor will
+// see the effective `Storage.GetAcl` method after inherting
+// documentation and annotations as follows:
+//
+//     service Storage {
+//       // Get the underlying ACL object.
+//       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl) {
+//         option (google.api.http).get = "/v2/{resource=**}:getAcl";
+//       }
+//       ...
+//     }
+//
+// Note how the version in the path pattern changed from `v1` to `v2`.
+//
+// If the `root` field in the mixin is specified, it should be a
+// relative path under which inherited HTTP paths are placed. Example:
+//
+//     apis:
+//     - name: google.storage.v2.Storage
+//       mixins:
+//       - name: google.acl.v1.AccessControl
+//         root: acls
+//
+// This implies the following inherited HTTP annotation:
+//
+//     service Storage {
+//       // Get the underlying ACL object.
+//       rpc GetAcl(GetAclRequest) returns (Acl) {
+//         option (google.api.http).get = "/v2/acls/{resource=**}:getAcl";
+//       }
+//       ...
+//     }
+message Mixin {
+  // The fully qualified name of the interface which is included.
+  string name = 1;
+
+  // If non-empty specifies a path under which inherited HTTP paths
+  // are rooted.
+  string root = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..069dcdfa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h>
+
+#ifdef ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+#include <sanitizer/asan_interface.h>
+#endif  // ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+static const size_t kMinCleanupListElements = 8;
+static const size_t kMaxCleanupListElements = 64;  // 1kB on 64-bit.
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+
+std::atomic<LifecycleId> ArenaImpl::lifecycle_id_generator_;
+#if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_THREADLOCAL)
+ArenaImpl::ThreadCache& ArenaImpl::thread_cache() {
+  static internal::ThreadLocalStorage<ThreadCache>* thread_cache_ =
+      new internal::ThreadLocalStorage<ThreadCache>();
+  return *thread_cache_->Get();
+}
+#elif defined(PROTOBUF_USE_DLLS)
+ArenaImpl::ThreadCache& ArenaImpl::thread_cache() {
+  static GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL ThreadCache thread_cache_ = {-1, NULL};
+  return thread_cache_;
+}
+#else
+GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL ArenaImpl::ThreadCache ArenaImpl::thread_cache_ = {-1, NULL};
+#endif
+
+void ArenaImpl::Init() {
+  lifecycle_id_ =
+      lifecycle_id_generator_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  hint_.store(nullptr, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  threads_.store(nullptr, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+
+  if (initial_block_) {
+    // Thread which calls Init() owns the first block. This allows the
+    // single-threaded case to allocate on the first block without having to
+    // perform atomic operations.
+    new (initial_block_) Block(options_.initial_block_size, NULL);
+    SerialArena* serial =
+        SerialArena::New(initial_block_, &thread_cache(), this);
+    serial->set_next(NULL);
+    threads_.store(serial, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    space_allocated_.store(options_.initial_block_size,
+                           std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    CacheSerialArena(serial);
+  } else {
+    space_allocated_.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
+}
+
+ArenaImpl::~ArenaImpl() {
+  // Have to do this in a first pass, because some of the destructors might
+  // refer to memory in other blocks.
+  CleanupList();
+  FreeBlocks();
+}
+
+uint64 ArenaImpl::Reset() {
+  // Have to do this in a first pass, because some of the destructors might
+  // refer to memory in other blocks.
+  CleanupList();
+  uint64 space_allocated = FreeBlocks();
+  Init();
+
+  return space_allocated;
+}
+
+ArenaImpl::Block* ArenaImpl::NewBlock(Block* last_block, size_t min_bytes) {
+  size_t size;
+  if (last_block) {
+    // Double the current block size, up to a limit.
+    size = std::min(2 * last_block->size(), options_.max_block_size);
+  } else {
+    size = options_.start_block_size;
+  }
+  // Verify that min_bytes + kBlockHeaderSize won't overflow.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(min_bytes, std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() - kBlockHeaderSize);
+  size = std::max(size, kBlockHeaderSize + min_bytes);
+
+  void* mem = options_.block_alloc(size);
+  Block* b = new (mem) Block(size, last_block);
+  space_allocated_.fetch_add(size, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  return b;
+}
+
+ArenaImpl::Block::Block(size_t size, Block* next)
+    : next_(next), pos_(kBlockHeaderSize), size_(size) {}
+
+PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+void ArenaImpl::SerialArena::AddCleanupFallback(void* elem,
+                                                void (*cleanup)(void*)) {
+  size_t size = cleanup_ ? cleanup_->size * 2 : kMinCleanupListElements;
+  size = std::min(size, kMaxCleanupListElements);
+  size_t bytes = internal::AlignUpTo8(CleanupChunk::SizeOf(size));
+  CleanupChunk* list = reinterpret_cast<CleanupChunk*>(AllocateAligned(bytes));
+  list->next = cleanup_;
+  list->size = size;
+
+  cleanup_ = list;
+  cleanup_ptr_ = &list->nodes[0];
+  cleanup_limit_ = &list->nodes[size];
+
+  AddCleanup(elem, cleanup);
+}
+
+void* ArenaImpl::AllocateAlignedAndAddCleanup(size_t n,
+                                              void (*cleanup)(void*)) {
+  SerialArena* arena;
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(GetSerialArenaFast(&arena))) {
+    return arena->AllocateAlignedAndAddCleanup(n, cleanup);
+  } else {
+    return AllocateAlignedAndAddCleanupFallback(n, cleanup);
+  }
+}
+
+void ArenaImpl::AddCleanup(void* elem, void (*cleanup)(void*)) {
+  SerialArena* arena;
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(GetSerialArenaFast(&arena))) {
+    arena->AddCleanup(elem, cleanup);
+  } else {
+    return AddCleanupFallback(elem, cleanup);
+  }
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+void* ArenaImpl::AllocateAlignedFallback(size_t n) {
+  return GetSerialArena()->AllocateAligned(n);
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+void* ArenaImpl::AllocateAlignedAndAddCleanupFallback(size_t n,
+                                                      void (*cleanup)(void*)) {
+  return GetSerialArena()->AllocateAlignedAndAddCleanup(n, cleanup);
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+void ArenaImpl::AddCleanupFallback(void* elem, void (*cleanup)(void*)) {
+  GetSerialArena()->AddCleanup(elem, cleanup);
+}
+
+ArenaImpl::SerialArena* ArenaImpl::GetSerialArena() {
+  SerialArena* arena;
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(GetSerialArenaFast(&arena))) {
+    return arena;
+  } else {
+    return GetSerialArenaFallback(&thread_cache());
+  }
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+void* ArenaImpl::SerialArena::AllocateAlignedFallback(size_t n) {
+  // Sync back to current's pos.
+  head_->set_pos(head_->size() - (limit_ - ptr_));
+
+  head_ = arena_->NewBlock(head_, n);
+  ptr_ = head_->Pointer(head_->pos());
+  limit_ = head_->Pointer(head_->size());
+
+#ifdef ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+  ASAN_POISON_MEMORY_REGION(ptr_, limit_ - ptr_);
+#endif  // ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+
+  return AllocateAligned(n);
+}
+
+uint64 ArenaImpl::SpaceAllocated() const {
+  return space_allocated_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+uint64 ArenaImpl::SpaceUsed() const {
+  SerialArena* serial = threads_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+  uint64 space_used = 0;
+  for (; serial; serial = serial->next()) {
+    space_used += serial->SpaceUsed();
+  }
+  return space_used;
+}
+
+uint64 ArenaImpl::SerialArena::SpaceUsed() const {
+  // Get current block's size from ptr_ (since we can't trust head_->pos().
+  uint64 space_used = ptr_ - head_->Pointer(kBlockHeaderSize);
+  // Get subsequent block size from b->pos().
+  for (Block* b = head_->next(); b; b = b->next()) {
+    space_used += (b->pos() - kBlockHeaderSize);
+  }
+  // Remove the overhead of the SerialArena itself.
+  space_used -= kSerialArenaSize;
+  return space_used;
+}
+
+uint64 ArenaImpl::FreeBlocks() {
+  uint64 space_allocated = 0;
+  // By omitting an Acquire barrier we ensure that any user code that doesn't
+  // properly synchronize Reset() or the destructor will throw a TSAN warning.
+  SerialArena* serial = threads_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+
+  while (serial) {
+    // This is inside a block we are freeing, so we need to read it now.
+    SerialArena* next = serial->next();
+    space_allocated += ArenaImpl::SerialArena::Free(serial, initial_block_,
+                                                    options_.block_dealloc);
+    // serial is dead now.
+    serial = next;
+  }
+
+  return space_allocated;
+}
+
+uint64 ArenaImpl::SerialArena::Free(ArenaImpl::SerialArena* serial,
+                                    Block* initial_block,
+                                    void (*block_dealloc)(void*, size_t)) {
+  uint64 space_allocated = 0;
+
+  // We have to be careful in this function, since we will be freeing the Block
+  // that contains this SerialArena.  Be careful about accessing |serial|.
+
+  for (Block* b = serial->head_; b;) {
+    // This is inside the block we are freeing, so we need to read it now.
+    Block* next_block = b->next();
+    space_allocated += (b->size());
+
+#ifdef ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+    // This memory was provided by the underlying allocator as unpoisoned, so
+    // return it in an unpoisoned state.
+    ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(b->Pointer(0), b->size());
+#endif  // ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+
+    if (b != initial_block) {
+      block_dealloc(b, b->size());
+    }
+
+    b = next_block;
+  }
+
+  return space_allocated;
+}
+
+void ArenaImpl::CleanupList() {
+  // By omitting an Acquire barrier we ensure that any user code that doesn't
+  // properly synchronize Reset() or the destructor will throw a TSAN warning.
+  SerialArena* serial = threads_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+
+  for (; serial; serial = serial->next()) {
+    serial->CleanupList();
+  }
+}
+
+void ArenaImpl::SerialArena::CleanupList() {
+  if (cleanup_ != NULL) {
+    CleanupListFallback();
+  }
+}
+
+void ArenaImpl::SerialArena::CleanupListFallback() {
+  // The first chunk might be only partially full, so calculate its size
+  // from cleanup_ptr_. Subsequent chunks are always full, so use list->size.
+  size_t n = cleanup_ptr_ - &cleanup_->nodes[0];
+  CleanupChunk* list = cleanup_;
+  while (true) {
+    CleanupNode* node = &list->nodes[0];
+    // Cleanup newest elements first (allocated last).
+    for (size_t i = n; i > 0; i--) {
+      node[i - 1].cleanup(node[i - 1].elem);
+    }
+    list = list->next;
+    if (list == nullptr) {
+      break;
+    }
+    // All but the first chunk are always full.
+    n = list->size;
+  }
+}
+
+ArenaImpl::SerialArena* ArenaImpl::SerialArena::New(Block* b, void* owner,
+                                                    ArenaImpl* arena) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(b->pos(), kBlockHeaderSize);  // Should be a fresh block
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(kBlockHeaderSize + kSerialArenaSize, b->size());
+  SerialArena* serial =
+      reinterpret_cast<SerialArena*>(b->Pointer(kBlockHeaderSize));
+  b->set_pos(kBlockHeaderSize + kSerialArenaSize);
+  serial->arena_ = arena;
+  serial->owner_ = owner;
+  serial->head_ = b;
+  serial->ptr_ = b->Pointer(b->pos());
+  serial->limit_ = b->Pointer(b->size());
+  serial->cleanup_ = NULL;
+  serial->cleanup_ptr_ = NULL;
+  serial->cleanup_limit_ = NULL;
+  return serial;
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+ArenaImpl::SerialArena* ArenaImpl::GetSerialArenaFallback(void* me) {
+  // Look for this SerialArena in our linked list.
+  SerialArena* serial = threads_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+  for (; serial; serial = serial->next()) {
+    if (serial->owner() == me) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!serial) {
+    // This thread doesn't have any SerialArena, which also means it doesn't
+    // have any blocks yet.  So we'll allocate its first block now.
+    Block* b = NewBlock(NULL, kSerialArenaSize);
+    serial = SerialArena::New(b, me, this);
+
+    SerialArena* head = threads_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    do {
+      serial->set_next(head);
+    } while (!threads_.compare_exchange_weak(
+        head, serial, std::memory_order_release, std::memory_order_relaxed));
+  }
+
+  CacheSerialArena(serial);
+  return serial;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+PROTOBUF_FUNC_ALIGN(32)
+void* Arena::AllocateAlignedNoHook(size_t n) {
+  return impl_.AllocateAligned(n);
+}
+
+void Arena::CallDestructorHooks() {
+  uint64 space_allocated = impl_.SpaceAllocated();
+  // Call the reset hook
+  if (on_arena_reset_ != NULL) {
+    on_arena_reset_(this, hooks_cookie_, space_allocated);
+  }
+
+  // Call the destruction hook
+  if (on_arena_destruction_ != NULL) {
+    on_arena_destruction_(this, hooks_cookie_, space_allocated);
+  }
+}
+
+void Arena::OnArenaAllocation(const std::type_info* allocated_type,
+                              size_t n) const {
+  if (on_arena_allocation_ != NULL) {
+    on_arena_allocation_(allocated_type, n, hooks_cookie_);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d73b53c79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena.h
@@ -0,0 +1,727 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file defines an Arena allocator for better allocation performance.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_H__
+
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#ifdef max
+#undef max  // Visual Studio defines this macro
+#endif
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_LIBCPP_STD_VER) && !_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+// Work around bugs in MSVC <typeinfo> header when _HAS_EXCEPTIONS=0.
+#include <exception>
+#include <typeinfo>
+namespace std {
+using type_info = ::type_info;
+}
+#else
+#include <typeinfo>
+#endif
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+struct ArenaOptions;  // defined below
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Arena;    // defined below
+class Message;  // defined in message.h
+class MessageLite;
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+class Map;
+
+namespace arena_metrics {
+
+void EnableArenaMetrics(ArenaOptions* options);
+
+}  // namespace arena_metrics
+
+namespace internal {
+
+struct ArenaStringPtr;  // defined in arenastring.h
+class LazyField;        // defined in lazy_field.h
+class EpsCopyInputStream;  // defined in parse_context.h
+
+template <typename Type>
+class GenericTypeHandler;  // defined in repeated_field.h
+
+// Templated cleanup methods.
+template <typename T>
+void arena_destruct_object(void* object) {
+  reinterpret_cast<T*>(object)->~T();
+}
+template <typename T>
+void arena_delete_object(void* object) {
+  delete reinterpret_cast<T*>(object);
+}
+inline void arena_free(void* object, size_t size) {
+#if defined(__GXX_DELETE_WITH_SIZE__) || defined(__cpp_sized_deallocation)
+  ::operator delete(object, size);
+#else
+  (void)size;
+  ::operator delete(object);
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// ArenaOptions provides optional additional parameters to arena construction
+// that control its block-allocation behavior.
+struct ArenaOptions {
+  // This defines the size of the first block requested from the system malloc.
+  // Subsequent block sizes will increase in a geometric series up to a maximum.
+  size_t start_block_size;
+
+  // This defines the maximum block size requested from system malloc (unless an
+  // individual arena allocation request occurs with a size larger than this
+  // maximum). Requested block sizes increase up to this value, then remain
+  // here.
+  size_t max_block_size;
+
+  // An initial block of memory for the arena to use, or NULL for none. If
+  // provided, the block must live at least as long as the arena itself. The
+  // creator of the Arena retains ownership of the block after the Arena is
+  // destroyed.
+  char* initial_block;
+
+  // The size of the initial block, if provided.
+  size_t initial_block_size;
+
+  // A function pointer to an alloc method that returns memory blocks of size
+  // requested. By default, it contains a ptr to the malloc function.
+  //
+  // NOTE: block_alloc and dealloc functions are expected to behave like
+  // malloc and free, including Asan poisoning.
+  void* (*block_alloc)(size_t);
+  // A function pointer to a dealloc method that takes ownership of the blocks
+  // from the arena. By default, it contains a ptr to a wrapper function that
+  // calls free.
+  void (*block_dealloc)(void*, size_t);
+
+  ArenaOptions()
+      : start_block_size(kDefaultStartBlockSize),
+        max_block_size(kDefaultMaxBlockSize),
+        initial_block(NULL),
+        initial_block_size(0),
+        block_alloc(&::operator new),
+        block_dealloc(&internal::arena_free),
+        on_arena_init(NULL),
+        on_arena_reset(NULL),
+        on_arena_destruction(NULL),
+        on_arena_allocation(NULL) {}
+
+ private:
+  // Hooks for adding external functionality such as user-specific metrics
+  // collection, specific debugging abilities, etc.
+  // Init hook (if set) will always be called at Arena init time. Init hook may
+  // return a pointer to a cookie to be stored in the arena. Reset and
+  // destruction hooks will then be called with the same cookie pointer. This
+  // allows us to save an external object per arena instance and use it on the
+  // other hooks (Note: If init hook returns NULL, the other hooks will NOT be
+  // called on this arena instance).
+  // on_arena_reset and on_arena_destruction also receive the space used in the
+  // arena just before the reset.
+  void* (*on_arena_init)(Arena* arena);
+  void (*on_arena_reset)(Arena* arena, void* cookie, uint64 space_used);
+  void (*on_arena_destruction)(Arena* arena, void* cookie, uint64 space_used);
+
+  // type_info is promised to be static - its lifetime extends to
+  // match program's lifetime (It is given by typeid operator).
+  // Note: typeid(void) will be passed as allocated_type every time we
+  // intentionally want to avoid monitoring an allocation. (i.e. internal
+  // allocations for managing the arena)
+  void (*on_arena_allocation)(const std::type_info* allocated_type,
+                              uint64 alloc_size, void* cookie);
+
+  // Constants define default starting block size and max block size for
+  // arena allocator behavior -- see descriptions above.
+  static const size_t kDefaultStartBlockSize = 256;
+  static const size_t kDefaultMaxBlockSize = 8192;
+
+  friend void arena_metrics::EnableArenaMetrics(ArenaOptions*);
+  friend class Arena;
+  friend class ArenaOptionsTestFriend;
+};
+
+// Support for non-RTTI environments. (The metrics hooks API uses type
+// information.)
+#if PROTOBUF_RTTI
+#define RTTI_TYPE_ID(type) (&typeid(type))
+#else
+#define RTTI_TYPE_ID(type) (NULL)
+#endif
+
+// Arena allocator. Arena allocation replaces ordinary (heap-based) allocation
+// with new/delete, and improves performance by aggregating allocations into
+// larger blocks and freeing allocations all at once. Protocol messages are
+// allocated on an arena by using Arena::CreateMessage<T>(Arena*), below, and
+// are automatically freed when the arena is destroyed.
+//
+// This is a thread-safe implementation: multiple threads may allocate from the
+// arena concurrently. Destruction is not thread-safe and the destructing
+// thread must synchronize with users of the arena first.
+//
+// An arena provides two allocation interfaces: CreateMessage<T>, which works
+// for arena-enabled proto2 message types as well as other types that satisfy
+// the appropriate protocol (described below), and Create<T>, which works for
+// any arbitrary type T. CreateMessage<T> is better when the type T supports it,
+// because this interface (i) passes the arena pointer to the created object so
+// that its sub-objects and internal allocations can use the arena too, and (ii)
+// elides the object's destructor call when possible. Create<T> does not place
+// any special requirements on the type T, and will invoke the object's
+// destructor when the arena is destroyed.
+//
+// The arena message allocation protocol, required by CreateMessage<T>, is as
+// follows:
+//
+// - The type T must have (at least) two constructors: a constructor with no
+//   arguments, called when a T is allocated on the heap; and a constructor with
+//   a Arena* argument, called when a T is allocated on an arena. If the
+//   second constructor is called with a NULL arena pointer, it must be
+//   equivalent to invoking the first (no-argument) constructor.
+//
+// - The type T must have a particular type trait: a nested type
+//   |InternalArenaConstructable_|. This is usually a typedef to |void|. If no
+//   such type trait exists, then the instantiation CreateMessage<T> will fail
+//   to compile.
+//
+// - The type T *may* have the type trait |DestructorSkippable_|. If this type
+//   trait is present in the type, then its destructor will not be called if and
+//   only if it was passed a non-NULL arena pointer. If this type trait is not
+//   present on the type, then its destructor is always called when the
+//   containing arena is destroyed.
+//
+// - One- and two-user-argument forms of CreateMessage<T>() also exist that
+//   forward these constructor arguments to T's constructor: for example,
+//   CreateMessage<T>(Arena*, arg1, arg2) forwards to a constructor T(Arena*,
+//   arg1, arg2).
+//
+// This protocol is implemented by all arena-enabled proto2 message classes as
+// well as protobuf container types like RepeatedPtrField and Map. The protocol
+// is internal to protobuf and is not guaranteed to be stable. Non-proto types
+// should not rely on this protocol.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT alignas(8) Arena final {
+ public:
+  // Arena constructor taking custom options. See ArenaOptions below for
+  // descriptions of the options available.
+  explicit Arena(const ArenaOptions& options) : impl_(options) {
+    Init(options);
+  }
+
+  // Block overhead.  Use this as a guide for how much to over-allocate the
+  // initial block if you want an allocation of size N to fit inside it.
+  //
+  // WARNING: if you allocate multiple objects, it is difficult to guarantee
+  // that a series of allocations will fit in the initial block, especially if
+  // Arena changes its alignment guarantees in the future!
+  static const size_t kBlockOverhead = internal::ArenaImpl::kBlockHeaderSize +
+                                       internal::ArenaImpl::kSerialArenaSize;
+
+  // Default constructor with sensible default options, tuned for average
+  // use-cases.
+  Arena() : impl_(ArenaOptions()) { Init(ArenaOptions()); }
+
+  ~Arena() {
+    if (hooks_cookie_) {
+      CallDestructorHooks();
+    }
+  }
+
+  void Init(const ArenaOptions& options) {
+    on_arena_allocation_ = options.on_arena_allocation;
+    on_arena_reset_ = options.on_arena_reset;
+    on_arena_destruction_ = options.on_arena_destruction;
+    // Call the initialization hook
+    if (options.on_arena_init != NULL) {
+      hooks_cookie_ = options.on_arena_init(this);
+    } else {
+      hooks_cookie_ = NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // API to create proto2 message objects on the arena. If the arena passed in
+  // is NULL, then a heap allocated object is returned. Type T must be a message
+  // defined in a .proto file with cc_enable_arenas set to true, otherwise a
+  // compilation error will occur.
+  //
+  // RepeatedField and RepeatedPtrField may also be instantiated directly on an
+  // arena with this method.
+  //
+  // This function also accepts any type T that satisfies the arena message
+  // allocation protocol, documented above.
+  template <typename T, typename... Args>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* CreateMessage(Arena* arena, Args&&... args) {
+    static_assert(
+        InternalHelper<T>::is_arena_constructable::value,
+        "CreateMessage can only construct types that are ArenaConstructable");
+    // We must delegate to CreateMaybeMessage() and NOT CreateMessageInternal()
+    // because protobuf generated classes specialize CreateMaybeMessage() and we
+    // need to use that specialization for code size reasons.
+    return Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<T>(arena, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  // API to create any objects on the arena. Note that only the object will
+  // be created on the arena; the underlying ptrs (in case of a proto2 message)
+  // will be still heap allocated. Proto messages should usually be allocated
+  // with CreateMessage<T>() instead.
+  //
+  // Note that even if T satisfies the arena message construction protocol
+  // (InternalArenaConstructable_ trait and optional DestructorSkippable_
+  // trait), as described above, this function does not follow the protocol;
+  // instead, it treats T as a black-box type, just as if it did not have these
+  // traits. Specifically, T's constructor arguments will always be only those
+  // passed to Create<T>() -- no additional arena pointer is implicitly added.
+  // Furthermore, the destructor will always be called at arena destruction time
+  // (unless the destructor is trivial). Hence, from T's point of view, it is as
+  // if the object were allocated on the heap (except that the underlying memory
+  // is obtained from the arena).
+  template <typename T, typename... Args>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* Create(Arena* arena, Args&&... args) {
+    return CreateNoMessage<T>(arena, is_arena_constructable<T>(),
+                              std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  // Create an array of object type T on the arena *without* invoking the
+  // constructor of T. If `arena` is null, then the return value should be freed
+  // with `delete[] x;` (or `::operator delete[](x);`).
+  // To ensure safe uses, this function checks at compile time
+  // (when compiled as C++11) that T is trivially default-constructible and
+  // trivially destructible.
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* CreateArray(Arena* arena,
+                                               size_t num_elements) {
+    static_assert(std::is_pod<T>::value,
+                  "CreateArray requires a trivially constructible type");
+    static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value,
+                  "CreateArray requires a trivially destructible type");
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(num_elements, std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() / sizeof(T))
+        << "Requested size is too large to fit into size_t.";
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      return static_cast<T*>(::operator new[](num_elements * sizeof(T)));
+    } else {
+      return arena->CreateInternalRawArray<T>(num_elements);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Returns the total space allocated by the arena, which is the sum of the
+  // sizes of the underlying blocks. This method is relatively fast; a counter
+  // is kept as blocks are allocated.
+  uint64 SpaceAllocated() const { return impl_.SpaceAllocated(); }
+  // Returns the total space used by the arena. Similar to SpaceAllocated but
+  // does not include free space and block overhead. The total space returned
+  // may not include space used by other threads executing concurrently with
+  // the call to this method.
+  uint64 SpaceUsed() const { return impl_.SpaceUsed(); }
+
+  // Frees all storage allocated by this arena after calling destructors
+  // registered with OwnDestructor() and freeing objects registered with Own().
+  // Any objects allocated on this arena are unusable after this call. It also
+  // returns the total space used by the arena which is the sums of the sizes
+  // of the allocated blocks. This method is not thread-safe.
+  PROTOBUF_NOINLINE uint64 Reset() {
+    // Call the reset hook
+    if (on_arena_reset_ != NULL) {
+      on_arena_reset_(this, hooks_cookie_, impl_.SpaceAllocated());
+    }
+    return impl_.Reset();
+  }
+
+  // Adds |object| to a list of heap-allocated objects to be freed with |delete|
+  // when the arena is destroyed or reset.
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_NOINLINE void Own(T* object) {
+    OwnInternal(object, std::is_convertible<T*, Message*>());
+  }
+
+  // Adds |object| to a list of objects whose destructors will be manually
+  // called when the arena is destroyed or reset. This differs from Own() in
+  // that it does not free the underlying memory with |delete|; hence, it is
+  // normally only used for objects that are placement-newed into
+  // arena-allocated memory.
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_NOINLINE void OwnDestructor(T* object) {
+    if (object != NULL) {
+      impl_.AddCleanup(object, &internal::arena_destruct_object<T>);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Adds a custom member function on an object to the list of destructors that
+  // will be manually called when the arena is destroyed or reset. This differs
+  // from OwnDestructor() in that any member function may be specified, not only
+  // the class destructor.
+  PROTOBUF_NOINLINE void OwnCustomDestructor(void* object,
+                                             void (*destruct)(void*)) {
+    impl_.AddCleanup(object, destruct);
+  }
+
+  // Retrieves the arena associated with |value| if |value| is an arena-capable
+  // message, or NULL otherwise. If possible, the call resolves at compile time.
+  // Note that we can often devirtualize calls to `value->GetArena()` so usually
+  // calling this method is unnecessary.
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static Arena* GetArena(const T* value) {
+    return GetArenaInternal(value);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  class InternalHelper {
+    template <typename U>
+    static char DestructorSkippable(const typename U::DestructorSkippable_*);
+    template <typename U>
+    static double DestructorSkippable(...);
+
+    typedef std::integral_constant<
+        bool, sizeof(DestructorSkippable<T>(static_cast<const T*>(0))) ==
+                      sizeof(char) ||
+                  std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value>
+        is_destructor_skippable;
+
+    template <typename U>
+    static char ArenaConstructable(
+        const typename U::InternalArenaConstructable_*);
+    template <typename U>
+    static double ArenaConstructable(...);
+
+    typedef std::integral_constant<bool, sizeof(ArenaConstructable<T>(
+                                             static_cast<const T*>(0))) ==
+                                             sizeof(char)>
+        is_arena_constructable;
+
+    template <typename U,
+              typename std::enable_if<
+                  std::is_same<Arena*, decltype(std::declval<const U>()
+                                                    .GetArena())>::value,
+                  int>::type = 0>
+    static char HasGetArena(decltype(&U::GetArena));
+    template <typename U>
+    static double HasGetArena(...);
+
+    typedef std::integral_constant<bool, sizeof(HasGetArena<T>(nullptr)) ==
+                                             sizeof(char)>
+        has_get_arena;
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    static T* Construct(void* ptr, Args&&... args) {
+      return new (ptr) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    static Arena* GetArena(const T* p) { return p->GetArenaNoVirtual(); }
+
+    friend class Arena;
+  };
+
+  // Helper typetraits that indicates support for arenas in a type T at compile
+  // time. This is public only to allow construction of higher-level templated
+  // utilities.
+  //
+  // is_arena_constructable<T>::value is true if the message type T has arena
+  // support enabled, and false otherwise.
+  //
+  // is_destructor_skippable<T>::value is true if the message type T has told
+  // the arena that it is safe to skip the destructor, and false otherwise.
+  //
+  // This is inside Arena because only Arena has the friend relationships
+  // necessary to see the underlying generated code traits.
+  template <typename T>
+  struct is_arena_constructable : InternalHelper<T>::is_arena_constructable {};
+  template <typename T>
+  struct is_destructor_skippable : InternalHelper<T>::is_destructor_skippable {
+  };
+
+ private:
+  template <typename T>
+  struct has_get_arena : InternalHelper<T>::has_get_arena {};
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Args>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* CreateMessageInternal(Arena* arena,
+                                                         Args&&... args) {
+    static_assert(
+        InternalHelper<T>::is_arena_constructable::value,
+        "CreateMessage can only construct types that are ArenaConstructable");
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      return new T(nullptr, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    } else {
+      return arena->DoCreateMessage<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // This specialization for no arguments is necessary, because its behavior is
+  // slightly different.  When the arena pointer is nullptr, it calls T()
+  // instead of T(nullptr).
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* CreateMessageInternal(Arena* arena) {
+    static_assert(
+        InternalHelper<T>::is_arena_constructable::value,
+        "CreateMessage can only construct types that are ArenaConstructable");
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      return new T();
+    } else {
+      return arena->DoCreateMessage<T>();
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Args>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* CreateInternal(Arena* arena,
+                                                  Args&&... args) {
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      return new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    } else {
+      return arena->DoCreate<T>(std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value,
+                                std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void CallDestructorHooks();
+  void OnArenaAllocation(const std::type_info* allocated_type, size_t n) const;
+  inline void AllocHook(const std::type_info* allocated_type, size_t n) const {
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(hooks_cookie_ != NULL)) {
+      OnArenaAllocation(allocated_type, n);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Allocate and also optionally call on_arena_allocation callback with the
+  // allocated type info when the hooks are in place in ArenaOptions and
+  // the cookie is not null.
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE void* AllocateInternal(bool skip_explicit_ownership) {
+    const size_t n = internal::AlignUpTo8(sizeof(T));
+    AllocHook(RTTI_TYPE_ID(T), n);
+    // Monitor allocation if needed.
+    if (skip_explicit_ownership) {
+      return AllocateAlignedNoHook(n);
+    } else {
+      return impl_.AllocateAlignedAndAddCleanup(
+          n, &internal::arena_destruct_object<T>);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // CreateMessage<T> requires that T supports arenas, but this private method
+  // works whether or not T supports arenas. These are not exposed to user code
+  // as it can cause confusing API usages, and end up having double free in
+  // user code. These are used only internally from LazyField and Repeated
+  // fields, since they are designed to work in all mode combinations.
+  template <typename Msg, typename... Args>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static Msg* DoCreateMaybeMessage(Arena* arena,
+                                                          std::true_type,
+                                                          Args&&... args) {
+    return CreateMessageInternal<Msg>(arena, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Args>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* DoCreateMaybeMessage(Arena* arena,
+                                                        std::false_type,
+                                                        Args&&... args) {
+    return CreateInternal<T>(arena, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Args>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* CreateMaybeMessage(Arena* arena,
+                                                      Args&&... args) {
+    return DoCreateMaybeMessage<T>(arena, is_arena_constructable<T>(),
+                                   std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Args>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* CreateNoMessage(Arena* arena, std::true_type,
+                                                   Args&&... args) {
+    // User is constructing with Create() despite the fact that T supports arena
+    // construction.  In this case we have to delegate to CreateInternal(), and
+    // we can't use any CreateMaybeMessage() specialization that may be defined.
+    return CreateInternal<T>(arena, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Args>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* CreateNoMessage(Arena* arena,
+                                                   std::false_type,
+                                                   Args&&... args) {
+    // User is constructing with Create() and the type does not support arena
+    // construction.  In this case we can delegate to CreateMaybeMessage() and
+    // use any specialization that may be available for that.
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<T>(arena, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  // Just allocate the required size for the given type assuming the
+  // type has a trivial constructor.
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE T* CreateInternalRawArray(size_t num_elements) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(num_elements, std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() / sizeof(T))
+        << "Requested size is too large to fit into size_t.";
+    const size_t n = internal::AlignUpTo8(sizeof(T) * num_elements);
+    // Monitor allocation if needed.
+    AllocHook(RTTI_TYPE_ID(T), n);
+    return static_cast<T*>(AllocateAlignedNoHook(n));
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename... Args>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE T* DoCreate(bool skip_explicit_ownership,
+                                     Args&&... args) {
+    return new (AllocateInternal<T>(skip_explicit_ownership))
+        T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+  template <typename T, typename... Args>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE T* DoCreateMessage(Args&&... args) {
+    return InternalHelper<T>::Construct(
+        AllocateInternal<T>(InternalHelper<T>::is_destructor_skippable::value),
+        this, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  // CreateInArenaStorage is used to implement map field. Without it,
+  // Map need to call generated message's protected arena constructor,
+  // which needs to declare Map as friend of generated message.
+  template <typename T>
+  static void CreateInArenaStorage(T* ptr, Arena* arena) {
+    CreateInArenaStorageInternal(ptr, arena,
+                                 typename is_arena_constructable<T>::type());
+    RegisterDestructorInternal(
+        ptr, arena,
+        typename InternalHelper<T>::is_destructor_skippable::type());
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  static void CreateInArenaStorageInternal(T* ptr, Arena* arena,
+                                           std::true_type) {
+    InternalHelper<T>::Construct(ptr, arena);
+  }
+  template <typename T>
+  static void CreateInArenaStorageInternal(T* ptr, Arena* /* arena */,
+                                           std::false_type) {
+    new (ptr) T();
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  static void RegisterDestructorInternal(T* /* ptr */, Arena* /* arena */,
+                                         std::true_type) {}
+  template <typename T>
+  static void RegisterDestructorInternal(T* ptr, Arena* arena,
+                                         std::false_type) {
+    arena->OwnDestructor(ptr);
+  }
+
+  // These implement Own(), which registers an object for deletion (destructor
+  // call and operator delete()). The second parameter has type 'true_type' if T
+  // is a subtype of Message and 'false_type' otherwise. Collapsing
+  // all template instantiations to one for generic Message reduces code size,
+  // using the virtual destructor instead.
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE void OwnInternal(T* object, std::true_type) {
+    if (object != NULL) {
+      impl_.AddCleanup(object, &internal::arena_delete_object<Message>);
+    }
+  }
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE void OwnInternal(T* object, std::false_type) {
+    if (object != NULL) {
+      impl_.AddCleanup(object, &internal::arena_delete_object<T>);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Implementation for GetArena(). Only message objects with
+  // InternalArenaConstructable_ tags can be associated with an arena, and such
+  // objects must implement a GetArenaNoVirtual() method.
+  template <typename T, typename std::enable_if<
+                            is_arena_constructable<T>::value, int>::type = 0>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static Arena* GetArenaInternal(const T* value) {
+    return InternalHelper<T>::GetArena(value);
+  }
+  template <typename T,
+            typename std::enable_if<!is_arena_constructable<T>::value &&
+                                        has_get_arena<T>::value,
+                                    int>::type = 0>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static Arena* GetArenaInternal(const T* value) {
+    return value->GetArena();
+  }
+  template <typename T,
+            typename std::enable_if<!is_arena_constructable<T>::value &&
+                                        !has_get_arena<T>::value,
+                                    int>::type = 0>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static Arena* GetArenaInternal(const T* value) {
+    (void)value;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  // For friends of arena.
+  void* AllocateAligned(size_t n) {
+    AllocHook(NULL, n);
+    return AllocateAlignedNoHook(internal::AlignUpTo8(n));
+  }
+
+  void* AllocateAlignedNoHook(size_t n);
+
+  internal::ArenaImpl impl_;
+
+  void (*on_arena_allocation_)(const std::type_info* allocated_type,
+                               uint64 alloc_size, void* cookie);
+  void (*on_arena_reset_)(Arena* arena, void* cookie, uint64 space_used);
+  void (*on_arena_destruction_)(Arena* arena, void* cookie, uint64 space_used);
+
+  // The arena may save a cookie it receives from the external on_init hook
+  // and then use it when calling the on_reset and on_destruction hooks.
+  void* hooks_cookie_;
+
+  template <typename Type>
+  friend class internal::GenericTypeHandler;
+  friend struct internal::ArenaStringPtr;  // For AllocateAligned.
+  friend class internal::LazyField;        // For CreateMaybeMessage.
+  friend class internal::EpsCopyInputStream;  // For parser performance
+  friend class MessageLite;
+  template <typename Key, typename T>
+  friend class Map;
+};
+
+// Defined above for supporting environments without RTTI.
+#undef RTTI_TYPE_ID
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena_impl.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena_impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7b7ed73e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena_impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file defines an Arena allocator for better allocation performance.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_IMPL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_IMPL_H__
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+
+#ifdef ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+#include <sanitizer/asan_interface.h>
+#endif  // ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+inline size_t AlignUpTo8(size_t n) {
+  // Align n to next multiple of 8 (from Hacker's Delight, Chapter 3.)
+  return (n + 7) & static_cast<size_t>(-8);
+}
+
+using LifecycleId = int64_t;
+
+// This class provides the core Arena memory allocation library. Different
+// implementations only need to implement the public interface below.
+// Arena is not a template type as that would only be useful if all protos
+// in turn would be templates, which will/cannot happen. However separating
+// the memory allocation part from the cruft of the API users expect we can
+// use #ifdef the select the best implementation based on hardware / OS.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ArenaImpl {
+ public:
+  struct Options {
+    size_t start_block_size;
+    size_t max_block_size;
+    char* initial_block;
+    size_t initial_block_size;
+    void* (*block_alloc)(size_t);
+    void (*block_dealloc)(void*, size_t);
+
+    template <typename O>
+    explicit Options(const O& options)
+        : start_block_size(options.start_block_size),
+          max_block_size(options.max_block_size),
+          initial_block(options.initial_block),
+          initial_block_size(options.initial_block_size),
+          block_alloc(options.block_alloc),
+          block_dealloc(options.block_dealloc) {}
+  };
+
+  template <typename O>
+  explicit ArenaImpl(const O& options) : options_(options) {
+    if (options_.initial_block != NULL && options_.initial_block_size > 0) {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(options_.initial_block_size, sizeof(Block))
+          << ": Initial block size too small for header.";
+      initial_block_ = reinterpret_cast<Block*>(options_.initial_block);
+    } else {
+      initial_block_ = NULL;
+    }
+
+    Init();
+  }
+
+  // Destructor deletes all owned heap allocated objects, and destructs objects
+  // that have non-trivial destructors, except for proto2 message objects whose
+  // destructors can be skipped. Also, frees all blocks except the initial block
+  // if it was passed in.
+  ~ArenaImpl();
+
+  uint64 Reset();
+
+  uint64 SpaceAllocated() const;
+  uint64 SpaceUsed() const;
+
+  void* AllocateAligned(size_t n) {
+    SerialArena* arena;
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(GetSerialArenaFast(&arena))) {
+      return arena->AllocateAligned(n);
+    } else {
+      return AllocateAlignedFallback(n);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // This function allocates n bytes if the common happy case is true and
+  // returns true. Otherwise does nothing and returns false. This strange
+  // semantics is necessary to allow callers to program functions that only
+  // have fallback function calls in tail position. This substantially improves
+  // code for the happy path.
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE bool MaybeAllocateAligned(size_t n, void** out) {
+    SerialArena* a;
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(GetSerialArenaFromThreadCache(&a))) {
+      return a->MaybeAllocateAligned(n, out);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  void* AllocateAlignedAndAddCleanup(size_t n, void (*cleanup)(void*));
+
+  // Add object pointer and cleanup function pointer to the list.
+  void AddCleanup(void* elem, void (*cleanup)(void*));
+
+ private:
+  void* AllocateAlignedFallback(size_t n);
+  void* AllocateAlignedAndAddCleanupFallback(size_t n, void (*cleanup)(void*));
+  void AddCleanupFallback(void* elem, void (*cleanup)(void*));
+
+  // Node contains the ptr of the object to be cleaned up and the associated
+  // cleanup function ptr.
+  struct CleanupNode {
+    void* elem;              // Pointer to the object to be cleaned up.
+    void (*cleanup)(void*);  // Function pointer to the destructor or deleter.
+  };
+
+  // Cleanup uses a chunked linked list, to reduce pointer chasing.
+  struct CleanupChunk {
+    static size_t SizeOf(size_t i) {
+      return sizeof(CleanupChunk) + (sizeof(CleanupNode) * (i - 1));
+    }
+    size_t size;           // Total elements in the list.
+    CleanupChunk* next;    // Next node in the list.
+    CleanupNode nodes[1];  // True length is |size|.
+  };
+
+  class Block;
+
+  // A thread-unsafe Arena that can only be used within its owning thread.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT SerialArena {
+   public:
+    // The allocate/free methods here are a little strange, since SerialArena is
+    // allocated inside a Block which it also manages.  This is to avoid doing
+    // an extra allocation for the SerialArena itself.
+
+    // Creates a new SerialArena inside Block* and returns it.
+    static SerialArena* New(Block* b, void* owner, ArenaImpl* arena);
+
+    // Destroys this SerialArena, freeing all blocks with the given dealloc
+    // function, except any block equal to |initial_block|.
+    static uint64 Free(SerialArena* serial, Block* initial_block,
+                       void (*block_dealloc)(void*, size_t));
+
+    void CleanupList();
+    uint64 SpaceUsed() const;
+
+    bool HasSpace(size_t n) { return n <= static_cast<size_t>(limit_ - ptr_); }
+
+    void* AllocateAligned(size_t n) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(internal::AlignUpTo8(n), n);  // Must be already aligned.
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(limit_, ptr_);
+      if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!HasSpace(n))) {
+        return AllocateAlignedFallback(n);
+      }
+      void* ret = ptr_;
+      ptr_ += n;
+#ifdef ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+      ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(ret, n);
+#endif  // ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+    // Allocate space if the current region provides enough space.
+    bool MaybeAllocateAligned(size_t n, void** out) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(internal::AlignUpTo8(n), n);  // Must be already aligned.
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(limit_, ptr_);
+      if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!HasSpace(n))) return false;
+      void* ret = ptr_;
+      ptr_ += n;
+#ifdef ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+      ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(ret, n);
+#endif  // ADDRESS_SANITIZER
+      *out = ret;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    void AddCleanup(void* elem, void (*cleanup)(void*)) {
+      if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(cleanup_ptr_ == cleanup_limit_)) {
+        AddCleanupFallback(elem, cleanup);
+        return;
+      }
+      cleanup_ptr_->elem = elem;
+      cleanup_ptr_->cleanup = cleanup;
+      cleanup_ptr_++;
+    }
+
+    void* AllocateAlignedAndAddCleanup(size_t n, void (*cleanup)(void*)) {
+      void* ret = AllocateAligned(n);
+      AddCleanup(ret, cleanup);
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+    void* owner() const { return owner_; }
+    SerialArena* next() const { return next_; }
+    void set_next(SerialArena* next) { next_ = next; }
+
+   private:
+    void* AllocateAlignedFallback(size_t n);
+    void AddCleanupFallback(void* elem, void (*cleanup)(void*));
+    void CleanupListFallback();
+
+    ArenaImpl* arena_;       // Containing arena.
+    void* owner_;            // &ThreadCache of this thread;
+    Block* head_;            // Head of linked list of blocks.
+    CleanupChunk* cleanup_;  // Head of cleanup list.
+    SerialArena* next_;      // Next SerialArena in this linked list.
+
+    // Next pointer to allocate from.  Always 8-byte aligned.  Points inside
+    // head_ (and head_->pos will always be non-canonical).  We keep these
+    // here to reduce indirection.
+    char* ptr_;
+    char* limit_;
+
+    // Next CleanupList members to append to.  These point inside cleanup_.
+    CleanupNode* cleanup_ptr_;
+    CleanupNode* cleanup_limit_;
+  };
+
+  // Blocks are variable length malloc-ed objects.  The following structure
+  // describes the common header for all blocks.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Block {
+   public:
+    Block(size_t size, Block* next);
+
+    char* Pointer(size_t n) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(n <= size_);
+      return reinterpret_cast<char*>(this) + n;
+    }
+
+    Block* next() const { return next_; }
+    size_t pos() const { return pos_; }
+    size_t size() const { return size_; }
+    void set_pos(size_t pos) { pos_ = pos; }
+
+   private:
+    Block* next_;  // Next block for this thread.
+    size_t pos_;
+    size_t size_;
+    // data follows
+  };
+
+  struct ThreadCache {
+#if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_THREADLOCAL)
+    // If we are using the ThreadLocalStorage class to store the ThreadCache,
+    // then the ThreadCache's default constructor has to be responsible for
+    // initializing it.
+    ThreadCache() : last_lifecycle_id_seen(-1), last_serial_arena(NULL) {}
+#endif
+
+    // The ThreadCache is considered valid as long as this matches the
+    // lifecycle_id of the arena being used.
+    LifecycleId last_lifecycle_id_seen;
+    SerialArena* last_serial_arena;
+  };
+  static std::atomic<LifecycleId> lifecycle_id_generator_;
+#if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_THREADLOCAL)
+  // Android ndk does not support GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL keyword so we use a custom thread
+  // local storage class we implemented.
+  // iOS also does not support the GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL keyword.
+  static ThreadCache& thread_cache();
+#elif defined(PROTOBUF_USE_DLLS)
+  // Thread local variables cannot be exposed through DLL interface but we can
+  // wrap them in static functions.
+  static ThreadCache& thread_cache();
+#else
+  static GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL ThreadCache thread_cache_;
+  static ThreadCache& thread_cache() { return thread_cache_; }
+#endif
+
+  void Init();
+
+  // Free all blocks and return the total space used which is the sums of sizes
+  // of the all the allocated blocks.
+  uint64 FreeBlocks();
+  // Delete or Destruct all objects owned by the arena.
+  void CleanupList();
+
+  inline void CacheSerialArena(SerialArena* serial) {
+    thread_cache().last_serial_arena = serial;
+    thread_cache().last_lifecycle_id_seen = lifecycle_id_;
+    // TODO(haberman): evaluate whether we would gain efficiency by getting rid
+    // of hint_.  It's the only write we do to ArenaImpl in the allocation path,
+    // which will dirty the cache line.
+
+    hint_.store(serial, std::memory_order_release);
+  }
+
+  std::atomic<SerialArena*>
+      threads_;                     // Pointer to a linked list of SerialArena.
+  std::atomic<SerialArena*> hint_;  // Fast thread-local block access
+  std::atomic<size_t> space_allocated_;  // Total size of all allocated blocks.
+
+  Block* initial_block_;  // If non-NULL, points to the block that came from
+                          // user data.
+
+  Block* NewBlock(Block* last_block, size_t min_bytes);
+
+  SerialArena* GetSerialArena();
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE bool GetSerialArenaFast(SerialArena** arena) {
+    if (GetSerialArenaFromThreadCache(arena)) return true;
+
+    // Check whether we own the last accessed SerialArena on this arena.  This
+    // fast path optimizes the case where a single thread uses multiple arenas.
+    ThreadCache* tc = &thread_cache();
+    SerialArena* serial = hint_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(serial != NULL && serial->owner() == tc)) {
+      *arena = serial;
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE bool GetSerialArenaFromThreadCache(
+      SerialArena** arena) {
+    // If this thread already owns a block in this arena then try to use that.
+    // This fast path optimizes the case where multiple threads allocate from
+    // the same arena.
+    ThreadCache* tc = &thread_cache();
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(tc->last_lifecycle_id_seen == lifecycle_id_)) {
+      *arena = tc->last_serial_arena;
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  SerialArena* GetSerialArenaFallback(void* me);
+  LifecycleId lifecycle_id_;  // Unique for each arena. Changes on Reset().
+
+  Options options_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ArenaImpl);
+  // All protos have pointers back to the arena hence Arena must have
+  // pointer stability.
+  ArenaImpl(ArenaImpl&&) = delete;
+  ArenaImpl& operator=(ArenaImpl&&) = delete;
+
+ public:
+  // kBlockHeaderSize is sizeof(Block), aligned up to the nearest multiple of 8
+  // to protect the invariant that pos is always at a multiple of 8.
+  static const size_t kBlockHeaderSize =
+      (sizeof(Block) + 7) & static_cast<size_t>(-8);
+  static const size_t kSerialArenaSize =
+      (sizeof(SerialArena) + 7) & static_cast<size_t>(-8);
+  static_assert(kBlockHeaderSize % 8 == 0,
+                "kBlockHeaderSize must be a multiple of 8.");
+  static_assert(kSerialArenaSize % 8 == 0,
+                "kSerialArenaSize must be a multiple of 8.");
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_IMPL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da32960ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+
+#define EXPECT_EQ GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+NoHeapChecker::~NoHeapChecker() {
+  capture_alloc.Unhook();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, capture_alloc.alloc_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, capture_alloc.free_count());
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84df34989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_TEST_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_TEST_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+template <typename T, bool use_arena>
+void TestParseCorruptedString(const T& message) {
+  int success_count = 0;
+  std::string s;
+  {
+    // Map order is not deterministic. To make the test deterministic we want
+    // to serialize the proto deterministically.
+    io::StringOutputStream output(&s);
+    io::CodedOutputStream out(&output);
+    out.SetSerializationDeterministic(true);
+    message.SerializePartialToCodedStream(&out);
+  }
+  const int kMaxIters = 900;
+  const int stride = s.size() <= kMaxIters ? 1 : s.size() / kMaxIters;
+  const int start = stride == 1 || use_arena ? 0 : (stride + 1) / 2;
+  for (int i = start; i < s.size(); i += stride) {
+    for (int c = 1 + (i % 17); c < 256; c += 2 * c + (i & 3)) {
+      s[i] ^= c;
+      Arena arena;
+      T* message = Arena::CreateMessage<T>(use_arena ? &arena : nullptr);
+      if (message->ParseFromString(s)) {
+        ++success_count;
+      }
+      if (!use_arena) {
+        delete message;
+      }
+      s[i] ^= c;  // Restore s to its original state.
+    }
+  }
+  // This next line is a low bar.  But getting through the test without crashing
+  // due to use-after-free or other bugs is a big part of what we're checking.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GT(success_count, 0);
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+class NoHeapChecker {
+ public:
+  NoHeapChecker() { capture_alloc.Hook(); }
+  ~NoHeapChecker();
+
+ private:
+  class NewDeleteCapture {
+   public:
+    // TOOD(xiaofeng): Implement this for opensource protobuf.
+    void Hook() {}
+    void Unhook() {}
+    int alloc_count() { return 0; }
+    int free_count() { return 0; }
+  } capture_alloc;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_TEST_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e5b11563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arena_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1460 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_arena.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+
+using proto2_arena_unittest::ArenaMessage;
+using protobuf_unittest::TestAllExtensions;
+using protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes;
+using protobuf_unittest::TestEmptyMessage;
+using protobuf_unittest::TestOneof2;
+using protobuf_unittest_no_arena::TestNoArenaMessage;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Notifier {
+ public:
+  Notifier() : count_(0) {}
+  void Notify() { count_++; }
+  int GetCount() { return count_; }
+
+ private:
+  int count_;
+};
+
+class SimpleDataType {
+ public:
+  SimpleDataType() : notifier_(NULL) {}
+  void SetNotifier(Notifier* notifier) { notifier_ = notifier; }
+  virtual ~SimpleDataType() {
+    if (notifier_ != NULL) {
+      notifier_->Notify();
+    }
+  };
+
+ private:
+  Notifier* notifier_;
+};
+
+// A simple class that does not allow copying and so cannot be used as a
+// parameter type without "const &".
+class PleaseDontCopyMe {
+ public:
+  explicit PleaseDontCopyMe(int value) : value_(value) {}
+
+  int value() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  int value_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(PleaseDontCopyMe);
+};
+
+// A class that takes four different types as constructor arguments.
+class MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughFour {
+ public:
+  MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughFour(int one, const char* two,
+                                      const std::string& three,
+                                      const PleaseDontCopyMe* four)
+      : one_(one), two_(two), three_(three), four_(four) {}
+
+  int one_;
+  const char* const two_;
+  std::string three_;
+  const PleaseDontCopyMe* four_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughFour);
+};
+
+// A class that takes eight different types as constructor arguments.
+class MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughEight {
+ public:
+  MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughEight(int one, const char* two,
+                                       const std::string& three,
+                                       const PleaseDontCopyMe* four, int five,
+                                       const char* six,
+                                       const std::string& seven,
+                                       const std::string& eight)
+      : one_(one),
+        two_(two),
+        three_(three),
+        four_(four),
+        five_(five),
+        six_(six),
+        seven_(seven),
+        eight_(eight) {}
+
+  int one_;
+  const char* const two_;
+  std::string three_;
+  const PleaseDontCopyMe* four_;
+  int five_;
+  const char* const six_;
+  std::string seven_;
+  std::string eight_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughEight);
+};
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, ArenaConstructable) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Arena::is_arena_constructable<TestAllTypes>::type::value);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Arena::is_arena_constructable<const TestAllTypes>::type::value);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Arena::is_arena_constructable<TestNoArenaMessage>::type::value);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Arena::is_arena_constructable<Arena>::type::value);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, DestructorSkippable) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Arena::is_destructor_skippable<TestAllTypes>::type::value);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Arena::is_destructor_skippable<const TestAllTypes>::type::value);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Arena::is_destructor_skippable<TestNoArenaMessage>::type::value);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Arena::is_destructor_skippable<Arena>::type::value);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, BasicCreate) {
+  Arena arena;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Arena::Create<int32>(&arena) != NULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Arena::Create<int64>(&arena) != NULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Arena::Create<float>(&arena) != NULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Arena::Create<double>(&arena) != NULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Arena::Create<std::string>(&arena) != NULL);
+  arena.Own(new int32);
+  arena.Own(new int64);
+  arena.Own(new float);
+  arena.Own(new double);
+  arena.Own(new std::string);
+  arena.Own<int>(NULL);
+  Notifier notifier;
+  SimpleDataType* data = Arena::Create<SimpleDataType>(&arena);
+  data->SetNotifier(&notifier);
+  data = new SimpleDataType;
+  data->SetNotifier(&notifier);
+  arena.Own(data);
+  arena.Reset();
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, notifier.GetCount());
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, CreateAndConstCopy) {
+  Arena arena;
+  const std::string s("foo");
+  const std::string* s_copy = Arena::Create<std::string>(&arena, s);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(s_copy != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", s);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", *s_copy);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, CreateAndNonConstCopy) {
+  Arena arena;
+  std::string s("foo");
+  const std::string* s_copy = Arena::Create<std::string>(&arena, s);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(s_copy != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", s);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", *s_copy);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, CreateAndMove) {
+  Arena arena;
+  std::string s("foo");
+  const std::string* s_move = Arena::Create<std::string>(&arena, std::move(s));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(s_move != NULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(s.empty());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", *s_move);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, CreateWithFourConstructorArguments) {
+  Arena arena;
+  const std::string three("3");
+  const PleaseDontCopyMe four(4);
+  const MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughFour* new_object =
+      Arena::Create<MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughFour>(&arena, 1, "2", three,
+                                                         &four);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(new_object != NULL);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, new_object->one_);
+  ASSERT_STREQ("2", new_object->two_);
+  ASSERT_EQ("3", new_object->three_);
+  ASSERT_EQ(4, new_object->four_->value());
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, CreateWithEightConstructorArguments) {
+  Arena arena;
+  const std::string three("3");
+  const PleaseDontCopyMe four(4);
+  const std::string seven("7");
+  const std::string eight("8");
+  const MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughEight* new_object =
+      Arena::Create<MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughEight>(
+          &arena, 1, "2", three, &four, 5, "6", seven, eight);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(new_object != NULL);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, new_object->one_);
+  ASSERT_STREQ("2", new_object->two_);
+  ASSERT_EQ("3", new_object->three_);
+  ASSERT_EQ(4, new_object->four_->value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(5, new_object->five_);
+  ASSERT_STREQ("6", new_object->six_);
+  ASSERT_EQ("7", new_object->seven_);
+  ASSERT_EQ("8", new_object->eight_);
+}
+
+class PleaseMoveMe {
+ public:
+  explicit PleaseMoveMe(const std::string& value) : value_(value) {}
+  PleaseMoveMe(PleaseMoveMe&&) = default;
+  PleaseMoveMe(const PleaseMoveMe&) = delete;
+
+  const std::string& value() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  std::string value_;
+};
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, CreateWithMoveArguments) {
+  Arena arena;
+  PleaseMoveMe one("1");
+  const PleaseMoveMe* new_object =
+      Arena::Create<PleaseMoveMe>(&arena, std::move(one));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(new_object);
+  ASSERT_EQ("1", new_object->value());
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, InitialBlockTooSmall) {
+  // Construct a small (64 byte) initial block of memory to be used by the
+  // arena allocator; then, allocate an object which will not fit in the
+  // initial block.
+  std::vector<char> arena_block(96);
+  ArenaOptions options;
+  options.initial_block = &arena_block[0];
+  options.initial_block_size = arena_block.size();
+  Arena arena(options);
+
+  char* p = Arena::CreateArray<char>(&arena, 96);
+  uintptr_t allocation = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(p);
+
+  // Ensure that the arena allocator did not return memory pointing into the
+  // initial block of memory.
+  uintptr_t arena_start = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&arena_block[0]);
+  uintptr_t arena_end = arena_start + arena_block.size();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(allocation >= arena_start && allocation < arena_end);
+
+  // Write to the memory we allocated; this should (but is not guaranteed to)
+  // trigger a check for heap corruption if the object was allocated from the
+  // initially-provided block.
+  memset(p, '\0', 96);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, Parsing) {
+  TestAllTypes original;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&original);
+
+  // Test memory leak.
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  arena_message->ParseFromString(original.SerializeAsString());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*arena_message);
+
+  // Test that string fields have nul terminator bytes (earlier bug).
+  EXPECT_EQ(strlen(original.optional_string().c_str()),
+            strlen(arena_message->optional_string().c_str()));
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, UnknownFields) {
+  TestAllTypes original;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&original);
+
+  // Test basic parsing into (populating) and reading out of unknown fields on
+  // an arena.
+  Arena arena;
+  TestEmptyMessage* arena_message =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<TestEmptyMessage>(&arena);
+  arena_message->ParseFromString(original.SerializeAsString());
+
+  TestAllTypes copied;
+  copied.ParseFromString(arena_message->SerializeAsString());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(copied);
+
+  // Exercise UFS manual manipulation (setters).
+  arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestEmptyMessage>(&arena);
+  arena_message->mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(
+      TestAllTypes::kOptionalInt32FieldNumber, 42);
+  copied.Clear();
+  copied.ParseFromString(arena_message->SerializeAsString());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(copied.has_optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, copied.optional_int32());
+
+  // Exercise UFS swap path.
+  TestEmptyMessage* arena_message_2 =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<TestEmptyMessage>(&arena);
+  arena_message_2->Swap(arena_message);
+  copied.Clear();
+  copied.ParseFromString(arena_message_2->SerializeAsString());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(copied.has_optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, copied.optional_int32());
+
+  // Test field manipulation.
+  TestEmptyMessage* arena_message_3 =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<TestEmptyMessage>(&arena);
+  arena_message_3->mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(1000, 42);
+  arena_message_3->mutable_unknown_fields()->AddFixed32(1001, 42);
+  arena_message_3->mutable_unknown_fields()->AddFixed64(1002, 42);
+  arena_message_3->mutable_unknown_fields()->AddLengthDelimited(1003);
+  arena_message_3->mutable_unknown_fields()->DeleteSubrange(0, 2);
+  arena_message_3->mutable_unknown_fields()->DeleteByNumber(1002);
+  arena_message_3->mutable_unknown_fields()->DeleteByNumber(1003);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(arena_message_3->unknown_fields().empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, Swap) {
+  Arena arena1;
+  Arena arena2;
+  TestAllTypes* arena1_message;
+  TestAllTypes* arena2_message;
+
+  // Case 1: Swap(), no UFS on either message, both messages on different
+  // arenas. Arena pointers should remain the same after swap.
+  arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  arena2_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena2);
+  arena1_message->Swap(arena2_message);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena1, arena1_message->GetArena());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena2, arena2_message->GetArena());
+
+  // Case 2: Swap(), UFS on one message, both messages on different arenas.
+  arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  arena2_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena2);
+  arena1_message->mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(1, 42);
+  arena1_message->Swap(arena2_message);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena1, arena1_message->GetArena());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena2, arena2_message->GetArena());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, arena1_message->unknown_fields().field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, arena2_message->unknown_fields().field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, arena2_message->unknown_fields().field(0).varint());
+
+  // Case 3: Swap(), UFS on both messages, both messages on different arenas.
+  arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  arena2_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena2);
+  arena1_message->mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(1, 42);
+  arena2_message->mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(2, 84);
+  arena1_message->Swap(arena2_message);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena1, arena1_message->GetArena());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena2, arena2_message->GetArena());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, arena1_message->unknown_fields().field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, arena2_message->unknown_fields().field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(84, arena1_message->unknown_fields().field(0).varint());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, arena2_message->unknown_fields().field(0).varint());
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, ReflectionSwapFields) {
+  Arena arena1;
+  Arena arena2;
+  TestAllTypes* arena1_message;
+  TestAllTypes* arena2_message;
+
+  // Case 1: messages on different arenas, only one message is set.
+  arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  arena2_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena2);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(arena1_message);
+  const Reflection* reflection = arena1_message->GetReflection();
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  reflection->ListFields(*arena1_message, &fields);
+  reflection->SwapFields(arena1_message, arena2_message, fields);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena1, arena1_message->GetArena());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena2, arena2_message->GetArena());
+  std::string output;
+  arena1_message->SerializeToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, output.size());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*arena2_message);
+  reflection->SwapFields(arena1_message, arena2_message, fields);
+  arena2_message->SerializeToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, output.size());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*arena1_message);
+
+  // Case 2: messages on different arenas, both messages are set.
+  arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  arena2_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena2);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(arena1_message);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(arena2_message);
+  reflection->SwapFields(arena1_message, arena2_message, fields);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena1, arena1_message->GetArena());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena2, arena2_message->GetArena());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*arena1_message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*arena2_message);
+
+  // Case 3: messages on different arenas with different lifetimes.
+  arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  {
+    Arena arena3;
+    TestAllTypes* arena3_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena3);
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(arena3_message);
+    reflection->SwapFields(arena1_message, arena3_message, fields);
+  }
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*arena1_message);
+
+  // Case 4: one message on arena, the other on heap.
+  arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  TestAllTypes message;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(arena1_message);
+  reflection->SwapFields(arena1_message, &message, fields);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena1, arena1_message->GetArena());
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, message.GetArena());
+  arena1_message->SerializeToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, output.size());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, SetAllocatedMessage) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* nested = new TestAllTypes::NestedMessage;
+  nested->set_bb(118);
+  arena_message->set_allocated_optional_nested_message(nested);
+  EXPECT_EQ(118, arena_message->optional_nested_message().bb());
+
+  TestNoArenaMessage no_arena_message;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(no_arena_message.has_arena_message());
+  no_arena_message.set_allocated_arena_message(NULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(no_arena_message.has_arena_message());
+  no_arena_message.set_allocated_arena_message(new ArenaMessage);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(no_arena_message.has_arena_message());
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, ReleaseMessage) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  arena_message->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(118);
+  std::unique_ptr<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage> nested(
+      arena_message->release_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(118, nested->bb());
+
+  TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* released_null =
+      arena_message->release_optional_nested_message();
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, released_null);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, SetAllocatedString) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  std::string* allocated_str = new std::string("hello");
+  arena_message->set_allocated_optional_string(allocated_str);
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", arena_message->optional_string());
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, ReleaseString) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  arena_message->set_optional_string("hello");
+  std::unique_ptr<std::string> released_str(
+      arena_message->release_optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", *released_str);
+
+  // Test default value.
+}
+
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, SwapBetweenArenasWithAllFieldsSet) {
+  Arena arena1;
+  TestAllTypes* arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  {
+    Arena arena2;
+    TestAllTypes* arena2_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena2);
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(arena2_message);
+    arena2_message->Swap(arena1_message);
+    std::string output;
+    arena2_message->SerializeToString(&output);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, output.size());
+  }
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*arena1_message);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, SwapBetweenArenaAndNonArenaWithAllFieldsSet) {
+  TestAllTypes non_arena_message;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&non_arena_message);
+  {
+    Arena arena2;
+    TestAllTypes* arena2_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena2);
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(arena2_message);
+    arena2_message->Swap(&non_arena_message);
+    TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*arena2_message);
+    TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(non_arena_message);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, UnsafeArenaSwap) {
+  Arena shared_arena;
+  TestAllTypes* message1 = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&shared_arena);
+  TestAllTypes* message2 = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&shared_arena);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(message1);
+  message1->UnsafeArenaSwap(message2);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*message2);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, SwapBetweenArenasUsingReflection) {
+  Arena arena1;
+  TestAllTypes* arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  {
+    Arena arena2;
+    TestAllTypes* arena2_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena2);
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(arena2_message);
+    const Reflection* r = arena2_message->GetReflection();
+    r->Swap(arena1_message, arena2_message);
+    std::string output;
+    arena2_message->SerializeToString(&output);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, output.size());
+  }
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*arena1_message);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, SwapBetweenArenaAndNonArenaUsingReflection) {
+  TestAllTypes non_arena_message;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&non_arena_message);
+  {
+    Arena arena2;
+    TestAllTypes* arena2_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena2);
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(arena2_message);
+    const Reflection* r = arena2_message->GetReflection();
+    r->Swap(&non_arena_message, arena2_message);
+    TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*arena2_message);
+    TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(non_arena_message);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, ReleaseFromArenaMessageMakesCopy) {
+  TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* nested_msg = NULL;
+  std::string* nested_string = NULL;
+  {
+    Arena arena;
+    TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+    arena_message->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(42);
+    *arena_message->mutable_optional_string() = "Hello";
+    nested_msg = arena_message->release_optional_nested_message();
+    nested_string = arena_message->release_optional_string();
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, nested_msg->bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Hello", *nested_string);
+  delete nested_msg;
+  delete nested_string;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_RTTI
+TEST(ArenaTest, ReleaseFromArenaMessageUsingReflectionMakesCopy) {
+  TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* nested_msg = NULL;
+  // Note: no string: reflection API only supports releasing submessages.
+  {
+    Arena arena;
+    TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+    arena_message->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(42);
+    const Reflection* r = arena_message->GetReflection();
+    const FieldDescriptor* f = arena_message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName(
+        "optional_nested_message");
+    nested_msg = static_cast<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage*>(
+        r->ReleaseMessage(arena_message, f));
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, nested_msg->bb());
+  delete nested_msg;
+}
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_RTTI
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, SetAllocatedAcrossArenas) {
+  Arena arena1;
+  TestAllTypes* arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* heap_submessage =
+      new TestAllTypes::NestedMessage();
+  heap_submessage->set_bb(42);
+  arena1_message->set_allocated_optional_nested_message(heap_submessage);
+  // Should keep same object and add to arena's Own()-list.
+  EXPECT_EQ(heap_submessage, arena1_message->mutable_optional_nested_message());
+  {
+    Arena arena2;
+    TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* arena2_submessage =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>(&arena2);
+    arena2_submessage->set_bb(42);
+    arena1_message->set_allocated_optional_nested_message(arena2_submessage);
+    EXPECT_NE(arena2_submessage,
+              arena1_message->mutable_optional_nested_message());
+  }
+
+  TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* arena1_submessage =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>(&arena1);
+  arena1_submessage->set_bb(42);
+  TestAllTypes* heap_message = new TestAllTypes;
+  heap_message->set_allocated_optional_nested_message(arena1_submessage);
+  EXPECT_NE(arena1_submessage, heap_message->mutable_optional_nested_message());
+  delete heap_message;
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, SetAllocatedAcrossArenasWithReflection) {
+  // Same as above, with reflection.
+  Arena arena1;
+  TestAllTypes* arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  const Reflection* r = arena1_message->GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* d = arena1_message->GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* msg_field =
+      d->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+  TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* heap_submessage =
+      new TestAllTypes::NestedMessage();
+  heap_submessage->set_bb(42);
+  r->SetAllocatedMessage(arena1_message, heap_submessage, msg_field);
+  // Should keep same object and add to arena's Own()-list.
+  EXPECT_EQ(heap_submessage, arena1_message->mutable_optional_nested_message());
+  {
+    Arena arena2;
+    TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* arena2_submessage =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>(&arena2);
+    arena2_submessage->set_bb(42);
+    r->SetAllocatedMessage(arena1_message, arena2_submessage, msg_field);
+    EXPECT_NE(arena2_submessage,
+              arena1_message->mutable_optional_nested_message());
+  }
+
+  TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* arena1_submessage =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>(&arena1);
+  arena1_submessage->set_bb(42);
+  TestAllTypes* heap_message = new TestAllTypes;
+  r->SetAllocatedMessage(heap_message, arena1_submessage, msg_field);
+  EXPECT_NE(arena1_submessage, heap_message->mutable_optional_nested_message());
+  delete heap_message;
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, AddAllocatedWithReflection) {
+  Arena arena1;
+  ArenaMessage* arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<ArenaMessage>(&arena1);
+  const Reflection* r = arena1_message->GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* d = arena1_message->GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd =
+      d->FindFieldByName("repeated_import_no_arena_message");
+  // Message with cc_enable_arenas = false;
+  r->AddMessage(arena1_message, fd);
+  r->AddMessage(arena1_message, fd);
+  r->AddMessage(arena1_message, fd);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, r->FieldSize(*arena1_message, fd));
+  // Message with cc_enable_arenas = true;
+  fd = d->FindFieldByName("repeated_nested_message");
+  r->AddMessage(arena1_message, fd);
+  r->AddMessage(arena1_message, fd);
+  r->AddMessage(arena1_message, fd);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, r->FieldSize(*arena1_message, fd));
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, RepeatedPtrFieldAddClearedTest) {
+  {
+    RepeatedPtrField<TestAllTypes> repeated_field;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(repeated_field.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, repeated_field.size());
+    // Ownership is passed to repeated_field.
+    TestAllTypes* cleared = new TestAllTypes();
+    repeated_field.AddCleared(cleared);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(repeated_field.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, repeated_field.size());
+  }
+  {
+    RepeatedPtrField<TestAllTypes> repeated_field;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(repeated_field.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, repeated_field.size());
+    // Ownership is passed to repeated_field.
+    TestAllTypes* cleared = new TestAllTypes();
+    repeated_field.AddAllocated(cleared);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(repeated_field.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, repeated_field.size());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, AddAllocatedToRepeatedField) {
+  // Heap->arena case.
+  Arena arena1;
+  TestAllTypes* arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* heap_submessage =
+        new TestAllTypes::NestedMessage();
+    heap_submessage->set_bb(42);
+    arena1_message->mutable_repeated_nested_message()->AddAllocated(
+        heap_submessage);
+    // Should not copy object -- will use arena_->Own().
+    EXPECT_EQ(heap_submessage, &arena1_message->repeated_nested_message(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(42, arena1_message->repeated_nested_message(i).bb());
+  }
+
+  // Arena1->Arena2 case.
+  arena1_message->Clear();
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    Arena arena2;
+    TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* arena2_submessage =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>(&arena2);
+    arena2_submessage->set_bb(42);
+    arena1_message->mutable_repeated_nested_message()->AddAllocated(
+        arena2_submessage);
+    // Should copy object.
+    EXPECT_NE(arena2_submessage, &arena1_message->repeated_nested_message(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(42, arena1_message->repeated_nested_message(i).bb());
+  }
+
+  // Arena->heap case.
+  TestAllTypes* heap_message = new TestAllTypes();
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    Arena arena2;
+    TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* arena2_submessage =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>(&arena2);
+    arena2_submessage->set_bb(42);
+    heap_message->mutable_repeated_nested_message()->AddAllocated(
+        arena2_submessage);
+    // Should copy object.
+    EXPECT_NE(arena2_submessage, &heap_message->repeated_nested_message(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(42, heap_message->repeated_nested_message(i).bb());
+  }
+  delete heap_message;
+
+  // Heap-arena case for strings (which are not arena-allocated).
+  arena1_message->Clear();
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    std::string* s = new std::string("Test");
+    arena1_message->mutable_repeated_string()->AddAllocated(s);
+    // Should not copy.
+    EXPECT_EQ(s, &arena1_message->repeated_string(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ("Test", arena1_message->repeated_string(i));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, AddAllocatedToRepeatedFieldViaReflection) {
+  // Heap->arena case.
+  Arena arena1;
+  TestAllTypes* arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  const Reflection* r = arena1_message->GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* d = arena1_message->GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd = d->FindFieldByName("repeated_nested_message");
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* heap_submessage =
+        new TestAllTypes::NestedMessage;
+    heap_submessage->set_bb(42);
+    r->AddAllocatedMessage(arena1_message, fd, heap_submessage);
+    // Should not copy object -- will use arena_->Own().
+    EXPECT_EQ(heap_submessage, &arena1_message->repeated_nested_message(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(42, arena1_message->repeated_nested_message(i).bb());
+  }
+
+  // Arena1->Arena2 case.
+  arena1_message->Clear();
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    Arena arena2;
+    TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* arena2_submessage =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>(&arena2);
+    arena2_submessage->set_bb(42);
+    r->AddAllocatedMessage(arena1_message, fd, arena2_submessage);
+    // Should copy object.
+    EXPECT_NE(arena2_submessage, &arena1_message->repeated_nested_message(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(42, arena1_message->repeated_nested_message(i).bb());
+  }
+
+  // Arena->heap case.
+  TestAllTypes* heap_message = new TestAllTypes;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    Arena arena2;
+    TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* arena2_submessage =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>(&arena2);
+    arena2_submessage->set_bb(42);
+    r->AddAllocatedMessage(heap_message, fd, arena2_submessage);
+    // Should copy object.
+    EXPECT_NE(arena2_submessage, &heap_message->repeated_nested_message(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(42, heap_message->repeated_nested_message(i).bb());
+  }
+  delete heap_message;
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, ReleaseLastRepeatedField) {
+  // Release from arena-allocated repeated field and ensure that returned object
+  // is heap-allocated.
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* nested =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>(&arena);
+    nested->set_bb(42);
+    arena_message->mutable_repeated_nested_message()->AddAllocated(nested);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    const TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* orig_submessage =
+        &arena_message->repeated_nested_message(10 - 1 - i);  // last element
+    TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* released =
+        arena_message->mutable_repeated_nested_message()->ReleaseLast();
+    EXPECT_NE(released, orig_submessage);
+    EXPECT_EQ(42, released->bb());
+    delete released;
+  }
+
+  // Test UnsafeArenaReleaseLast().
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* nested =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>(&arena);
+    nested->set_bb(42);
+    arena_message->mutable_repeated_nested_message()->AddAllocated(nested);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    const TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* orig_submessage =
+        &arena_message->repeated_nested_message(10 - 1 - i);  // last element
+    TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* released =
+        arena_message->mutable_repeated_nested_message()
+            ->UnsafeArenaReleaseLast();
+    EXPECT_EQ(released, orig_submessage);
+    EXPECT_EQ(42, released->bb());
+    // no delete -- |released| is on the arena.
+  }
+
+  // Test string case as well. ReleaseLast() in this case must copy the
+  // string, even though it was originally heap-allocated and its pointer
+  // was simply appended to the repeated field's internal vector, because the
+  // string was placed on the arena's destructor list and cannot be removed
+  // from that list (so the arena permanently owns the original instance).
+  arena_message->Clear();
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    std::string* s = new std::string("Test");
+    arena_message->mutable_repeated_string()->AddAllocated(s);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    const std::string* orig_element =
+        &arena_message->repeated_string(10 - 1 - i);
+    std::string* released =
+        arena_message->mutable_repeated_string()->ReleaseLast();
+    EXPECT_NE(released, orig_element);
+    EXPECT_EQ("Test", *released);
+    delete released;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, UnsafeArenaReleaseAdd) {
+  // Use unsafe_arena_release() and unsafe_arena_set_allocated() to transfer an
+  // arena-allocated string from one message to another.
+  const char kContent[] = "Test content";
+
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* message1 = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  TestAllTypes* message2 = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  std::string* arena_string = Arena::Create<std::string>(&arena);
+  *arena_string = kContent;
+
+  message1->unsafe_arena_set_allocated_optional_string(arena_string);
+  message2->unsafe_arena_set_allocated_optional_string(
+      message1->unsafe_arena_release_optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kContent, message2->optional_string());
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, UnsafeArenaAddAllocated) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    std::string* arena_string = Arena::Create<std::string>(&arena);
+    message->mutable_repeated_string()->UnsafeArenaAddAllocated(arena_string);
+    EXPECT_EQ(arena_string, message->mutable_repeated_string(i));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, UnsafeArenaRelease) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+
+  std::string* s = new std::string("test string");
+  message->unsafe_arena_set_allocated_optional_string(s);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message->has_optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("test string", message->optional_string());
+  s = message->unsafe_arena_release_optional_string();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message->has_optional_string());
+  delete s;
+
+  s = new std::string("test string");
+  message->unsafe_arena_set_allocated_oneof_string(s);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message->has_oneof_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("test string", message->oneof_string());
+  s = message->unsafe_arena_release_oneof_string();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message->has_oneof_string());
+  delete s;
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, OneofMerge) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* message0 = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  TestAllTypes* message1 = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+
+  message0->unsafe_arena_set_allocated_oneof_string(new std::string("x"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message0->has_oneof_string());
+  message1->unsafe_arena_set_allocated_oneof_string(new std::string("y"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message1->has_oneof_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("x", message0->oneof_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("y", message1->oneof_string());
+  message0->MergeFrom(*message1);
+  EXPECT_EQ("y", message0->oneof_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("y", message1->oneof_string());
+  delete message0->unsafe_arena_release_oneof_string();
+  delete message1->unsafe_arena_release_oneof_string();
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, ArenaOneofReflection) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  const Descriptor* desc = message->GetDescriptor();
+  const Reflection* refl = message->GetReflection();
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* string_field = desc->FindFieldByName("oneof_string");
+  const FieldDescriptor* msg_field =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("oneof_nested_message");
+  const OneofDescriptor* oneof = desc->FindOneofByName("oneof_field");
+
+  refl->SetString(message, string_field, "Test value");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(refl->HasOneof(*message, oneof));
+  refl->ClearOneof(message, oneof);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(refl->HasOneof(*message, oneof));
+
+  Message* submsg = refl->MutableMessage(message, msg_field);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(refl->HasOneof(*message, oneof));
+  refl->ClearOneof(message, oneof);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(refl->HasOneof(*message, oneof));
+  refl->MutableMessage(message, msg_field);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(refl->HasOneof(*message, oneof));
+  submsg = refl->ReleaseMessage(message, msg_field);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(refl->HasOneof(*message, oneof));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(submsg->GetArena() == NULL);
+  delete submsg;
+}
+
+void TestSwapRepeatedField(Arena* arena1, Arena* arena2) {
+  // Test "safe" (copying) semantics for direct Swap() on RepeatedPtrField
+  // between arenas.
+  RepeatedPtrField<TestAllTypes> field1(arena1);
+  RepeatedPtrField<TestAllTypes> field2(arena2);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    TestAllTypes* t = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(arena1);
+    t->set_optional_string("field1");
+    t->set_optional_int32(i);
+    if (arena1 != NULL) {
+      field1.UnsafeArenaAddAllocated(t);
+    } else {
+      field1.AddAllocated(t);
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    TestAllTypes* t = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(arena2);
+    t->set_optional_string("field2");
+    t->set_optional_int32(i);
+    if (arena2 != NULL) {
+      field2.UnsafeArenaAddAllocated(t);
+    } else {
+      field2.AddAllocated(t);
+    }
+  }
+  field1.Swap(&field2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, field1.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, field2.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::string("field1") == field2.Get(0).optional_string());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::string("field2") == field1.Get(0).optional_string());
+  // Ensure that fields retained their original order:
+  for (int i = 0; i < field1.size(); i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(i, field1.Get(i).optional_int32());
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < field2.size(); i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(i, field2.Get(i).optional_int32());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, SwapRepeatedField) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestSwapRepeatedField(&arena, &arena);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, SwapRepeatedFieldWithDifferentArenas) {
+  Arena arena1;
+  Arena arena2;
+  TestSwapRepeatedField(&arena1, &arena2);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, SwapRepeatedFieldWithNoArenaOnRightHandSide) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestSwapRepeatedField(&arena, NULL);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, SwapRepeatedFieldWithNoArenaOnLeftHandSide) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestSwapRepeatedField(NULL, &arena);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, ExtensionsOnArena) {
+  Arena arena;
+  // Ensure no leaks.
+  TestAllExtensions* message_ext =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllExtensions>(&arena);
+  message_ext->SetExtension(protobuf_unittest::optional_int32_extension, 42);
+  message_ext->SetExtension(protobuf_unittest::optional_string_extension,
+                            std::string("test"));
+  message_ext
+      ->MutableExtension(protobuf_unittest::optional_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(42);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, RepeatedFieldOnArena) {
+  // Preallocate an initial arena block to avoid mallocs during hooked region.
+  std::vector<char> arena_block(1024 * 1024);
+  ArenaOptions options;
+  options.initial_block = &arena_block[0];
+  options.initial_block_size = arena_block.size();
+  Arena arena(options);
+
+  {
+    internal::NoHeapChecker no_heap;
+
+    // Fill some repeated fields on the arena to test for leaks. Also verify no
+    // memory allocations.
+    RepeatedField<int32> repeated_int32(&arena);
+    RepeatedPtrField<TestAllTypes> repeated_message(&arena);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+      repeated_int32.Add(42);
+      repeated_message.Add()->set_optional_int32(42);
+      EXPECT_EQ(&arena, repeated_message.Get(0).GetArena());
+      const TestAllTypes* msg_in_repeated_field = &repeated_message.Get(0);
+      TestAllTypes* msg = repeated_message.UnsafeArenaReleaseLast();
+      EXPECT_EQ(msg_in_repeated_field, msg);
+    }
+
+    // UnsafeArenaExtractSubrange (i) should not leak and (ii) should return
+    // on-arena pointers.
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      repeated_message.Add()->set_optional_int32(42);
+    }
+    TestAllTypes* extracted_messages[5];
+    repeated_message.UnsafeArenaExtractSubrange(0, 5, extracted_messages);
+    EXPECT_EQ(&arena, repeated_message.Get(0).GetArena());
+    EXPECT_EQ(5, repeated_message.size());
+  }
+
+  // Now, outside the scope of the NoHeapChecker, test ExtractSubrange's copying
+  // semantics.
+  {
+    RepeatedPtrField<TestAllTypes> repeated_message(&arena);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+      repeated_message.Add()->set_optional_int32(42);
+    }
+
+    TestAllTypes* extracted_messages[5];
+    // ExtractSubrange should copy to the heap.
+    repeated_message.ExtractSubrange(0, 5, extracted_messages);
+    EXPECT_EQ(NULL, extracted_messages[0]->GetArena());
+    // We need to free the heap-allocated messages to prevent a leak.
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+      delete extracted_messages[i];
+      extracted_messages[i] = NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Now check that we can create RepeatedFields/RepeatedPtrFields themselves on
+  // the arena. They have the necessary type traits so that they can behave like
+  // messages in this way. This is useful for higher-level generic templated
+  // code that may allocate messages or repeated fields of messages on an arena.
+  {
+    RepeatedPtrField<TestAllTypes>* repeated_ptr_on_arena =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<TestAllTypes> >(&arena);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      // Add some elements and let the leak-checker ensure that everything is
+      // freed.
+      repeated_ptr_on_arena->Add();
+    }
+
+    RepeatedField<int>* repeated_int_on_arena =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int> >(&arena);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+      repeated_int_on_arena->Add(i);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  arena.Reset();
+}
+
+
+#if PROTOBUF_RTTI
+TEST(ArenaTest, MutableMessageReflection) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  const Reflection* r = message->GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* d = message->GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = d->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+  TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* submessage =
+      static_cast<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage*>(
+          r->MutableMessage(message, field));
+  TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* submessage_expected =
+      message->mutable_optional_nested_message();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(submessage_expected, submessage);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena, submessage->GetArena());
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* oneof_field =
+      d->FindFieldByName("oneof_nested_message");
+  submessage = static_cast<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage*>(
+      r->MutableMessage(message, oneof_field));
+  submessage_expected = message->mutable_oneof_nested_message();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(submessage_expected, submessage);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena, submessage->GetArena());
+}
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_RTTI
+
+
+void FillArenaAwareFields(TestAllTypes* message) {
+  std::string test_string = "hello world";
+  message->set_optional_int32(42);
+  message->set_optional_string(test_string);
+  message->set_optional_bytes(test_string);
+  message->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(42);
+
+  message->set_oneof_uint32(42);
+  message->mutable_oneof_nested_message()->set_bb(42);
+  message->set_oneof_string(test_string);
+  message->set_oneof_bytes(test_string);
+
+  message->add_repeated_int32(42);
+  // No repeated string: not yet arena-aware.
+  message->add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(42);
+  message->mutable_optional_lazy_message()->set_bb(42);
+}
+
+// Test: no allocations occur on heap while touching all supported field types.
+TEST(ArenaTest, NoHeapAllocationsTest) {
+  // Allocate a large initial block to avoid mallocs during hooked test.
+  std::vector<char> arena_block(128 * 1024);
+  ArenaOptions options;
+  options.initial_block = &arena_block[0];
+  options.initial_block_size = arena_block.size();
+  Arena arena(options);
+
+  {
+
+    TestAllTypes* message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+    FillArenaAwareFields(message);
+  }
+
+  arena.Reset();
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, ParseCorruptedString) {
+  TestAllTypes message;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+  TestParseCorruptedString<TestAllTypes, true>(message);
+  TestParseCorruptedString<TestAllTypes, false>(message);
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_RTTI
+// Test construction on an arena via generic MessageLite interface. We should be
+// able to successfully deserialize on the arena without incurring heap
+// allocations, i.e., everything should still be arena-allocation-aware.
+TEST(ArenaTest, MessageLiteOnArena) {
+  std::vector<char> arena_block(128 * 1024);
+  ArenaOptions options;
+  options.initial_block = &arena_block[0];
+  options.initial_block_size = arena_block.size();
+  Arena arena(options);
+  const MessageLite* prototype = &TestAllTypes::default_instance();
+
+  TestAllTypes initial_message;
+  FillArenaAwareFields(&initial_message);
+  std::string serialized;
+  initial_message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+
+  {
+
+    MessageLite* generic_message = prototype->New(&arena);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(generic_message != NULL);
+    EXPECT_EQ(&arena, generic_message->GetArena());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(generic_message->ParseFromString(serialized));
+    TestAllTypes* deserialized = static_cast<TestAllTypes*>(generic_message);
+    EXPECT_EQ(42, deserialized->optional_int32());
+  }
+
+  arena.Reset();
+}
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_RTTI
+
+
+// RepeatedField should support non-POD types, and invoke constructors and
+// destructors appropriately, because it's used this way by lots of other code
+// (even if this was not its original intent).
+TEST(ArenaTest, RepeatedFieldWithNonPODType) {
+  {
+    RepeatedField<std::string> field_on_heap;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+      *field_on_heap.Add() = "test string long enough to exceed inline buffer";
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    Arena arena;
+    RepeatedField<std::string> field_on_arena(&arena);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+      *field_on_arena.Add() = "test string long enough to exceed inline buffer";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Align n to next multiple of 8
+uint64 Align8(uint64 n) { return (n + 7) & -8; }
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, SpaceAllocated_and_Used) {
+  ArenaOptions options;
+  options.start_block_size = 256;
+  options.max_block_size = 8192;
+  Arena arena_1(options);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, arena_1.SpaceAllocated());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, arena_1.SpaceUsed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, arena_1.Reset());
+  Arena::CreateArray<char>(&arena_1, 320);
+  // Arena will allocate slightly more than 320 for the block headers.
+  EXPECT_LE(320, arena_1.SpaceAllocated());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Align8(320), arena_1.SpaceUsed());
+  EXPECT_LE(320, arena_1.Reset());
+
+  // Test with initial block.
+  std::vector<char> arena_block(1024);
+  options.initial_block = &arena_block[0];
+  options.initial_block_size = arena_block.size();
+  Arena arena_2(options);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1024, arena_2.SpaceAllocated());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, arena_2.SpaceUsed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1024, arena_2.Reset());
+  Arena::CreateArray<char>(&arena_2, 55);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1024, arena_2.SpaceAllocated());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Align8(55), arena_2.SpaceUsed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1024, arena_2.Reset());
+
+  // Reset options to test doubling policy explicitly.
+  options.initial_block = NULL;
+  options.initial_block_size = 0;
+  Arena arena_3(options);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, arena_3.SpaceUsed());
+  Arena::CreateArray<char>(&arena_3, 160);
+  EXPECT_EQ(256, arena_3.SpaceAllocated());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Align8(160), arena_3.SpaceUsed());
+  Arena::CreateArray<char>(&arena_3, 70);
+  EXPECT_EQ(256 + 512, arena_3.SpaceAllocated());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Align8(160) + Align8(70), arena_3.SpaceUsed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(256 + 512, arena_3.Reset());
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, Alignment) {
+  Arena arena;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
+    void* p = Arena::CreateArray<char>(&arena, i);
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(p) % 8, 0) << i << ": " << p;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, BlockSizeSmallerThanAllocation) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i <= 8; ++i) {
+    ArenaOptions opt;
+    opt.start_block_size = opt.max_block_size = i;
+    Arena arena(opt);
+
+    *Arena::Create<int64>(&arena) = 42;
+    EXPECT_GE(arena.SpaceAllocated(), 8);
+    EXPECT_EQ(8, arena.SpaceUsed());
+
+    *Arena::Create<int64>(&arena) = 42;
+    EXPECT_GE(arena.SpaceAllocated(), 16);
+    EXPECT_EQ(16, arena.SpaceUsed());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, GetArenaShouldReturnTheArenaForArenaAllocatedMessages) {
+  Arena arena;
+  ArenaMessage* message = Arena::CreateMessage<ArenaMessage>(&arena);
+  const ArenaMessage* const_pointer_to_message = message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena, Arena::GetArena(message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena, Arena::GetArena(const_pointer_to_message));
+
+  // Test that the Message* / MessageLite* specialization SFINAE works.
+  const Message* const_pointer_to_message_type = message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena, Arena::GetArena(const_pointer_to_message_type));
+  const MessageLite* const_pointer_to_message_lite_type = message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena, Arena::GetArena(const_pointer_to_message_lite_type));
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, GetArenaShouldReturnNullForNonArenaAllocatedMessages) {
+  ArenaMessage message;
+  const ArenaMessage* const_pointer_to_message = &message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, Arena::GetArena(&message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, Arena::GetArena(const_pointer_to_message));
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, GetArenaShouldReturnNullForNonArenaCompatibleTypes) {
+  TestNoArenaMessage message;
+  const TestNoArenaMessage* const_pointer_to_message = &message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, Arena::GetArena(&message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, Arena::GetArena(const_pointer_to_message));
+
+  // Test that GetArena returns nullptr for types that have a GetArena method
+  // that doesn't return Arena*.
+  struct {
+    int GetArena() const { return 0; }
+  } has_get_arena_method_wrong_return_type;
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, Arena::GetArena(&has_get_arena_method_wrong_return_type));
+
+  // Test that GetArena returns nullptr for types that have a GetArena alias.
+  struct {
+    using GetArena = Arena*;
+    GetArena unused;
+  } has_get_arena_alias;
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, Arena::GetArena(&has_get_arena_alias));
+
+  // Test that GetArena returns nullptr for types that have a GetArena data
+  // member.
+  struct {
+    Arena GetArena;
+  } has_get_arena_data_member;
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, Arena::GetArena(&has_get_arena_data_member));
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, AddCleanup) {
+  Arena arena;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+    arena.Own(new int);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, UnsafeSetAllocatedOnArena) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message->has_optional_string());
+
+  std::string owned_string = "test with long enough content to heap-allocate";
+  message->unsafe_arena_set_allocated_optional_string(&owned_string);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message->has_optional_string());
+
+  message->unsafe_arena_set_allocated_optional_string(NULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message->has_optional_string());
+}
+
+// A helper utility class to only contain static hook functions, some
+// counters to be used to verify the counters have been called and a cookie
+// value to be verified.
+class ArenaHooksTestUtil {
+ public:
+  static void* on_init(Arena* arena) {
+    ++num_init;
+    int* cookie = new int(kCookieValue);
+    return static_cast<void*>(cookie);
+  }
+
+  static void on_allocation(const std::type_info* /*unused*/, uint64 alloc_size,
+                            void* cookie) {
+    ++num_allocations;
+    int cookie_value = *static_cast<int*>(cookie);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kCookieValue, cookie_value);
+  }
+
+  static void on_reset(Arena* arena, void* cookie, uint64 space_used) {
+    ++num_reset;
+    int cookie_value = *static_cast<int*>(cookie);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kCookieValue, cookie_value);
+  }
+
+  static void on_destruction(Arena* arena, void* cookie, uint64 space_used) {
+    ++num_destruct;
+    int cookie_value = *static_cast<int*>(cookie);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kCookieValue, cookie_value);
+    delete static_cast<int*>(cookie);
+  }
+
+  static const int kCookieValue = 999;
+  static uint32 num_init;
+  static uint32 num_allocations;
+  static uint32 num_reset;
+  static uint32 num_destruct;
+};
+uint32 ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_init = 0;
+uint32 ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_allocations = 0;
+uint32 ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_reset = 0;
+uint32 ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_destruct = 0;
+const int ArenaHooksTestUtil::kCookieValue;
+
+class ArenaOptionsTestFriend {
+ public:
+  static void Set(ArenaOptions* options) {
+    options->on_arena_init = ArenaHooksTestUtil::on_init;
+    options->on_arena_allocation = ArenaHooksTestUtil::on_allocation;
+    options->on_arena_reset = ArenaHooksTestUtil::on_reset;
+    options->on_arena_destruction = ArenaHooksTestUtil::on_destruction;
+  }
+};
+
+// Test the hooks are correctly called and that the cookie is passed.
+TEST(ArenaTest, ArenaHooksSanity) {
+  ArenaOptions options;
+  ArenaOptionsTestFriend::Set(&options);
+
+  // Scope for defining the arena
+  {
+    Arena arena(options);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_init);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_allocations);
+    Arena::Create<uint64>(&arena);
+    if (std::is_trivially_destructible<uint64>::value) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(1, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_allocations);
+    } else {
+      EXPECT_EQ(2, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_allocations);
+    }
+    arena.Reset();
+    arena.Reset();
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_reset);
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_reset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_destruct);
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arenastring.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arenastring.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..122f391e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arenastring.h
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENASTRING_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENASTRING_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/fastmem.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+
+// This is the implementation of arena string fields written for the open-source
+// release. The ArenaStringPtr struct below is an internal implementation class
+// and *should not be used* by user code. It is used to collect string
+// operations together into one place and abstract away the underlying
+// string-field pointer representation, so that (for example) an alternate
+// implementation that knew more about ::std::string's internals could integrate
+// more closely with the arena allocator.
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename T>
+class TaggedPtr {
+ public:
+  void Set(T* p) { ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(p); }
+  T* Get() const { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(ptr_); }
+
+  bool IsNull() { return ptr_ == 0; }
+
+ private:
+  uintptr_t ptr_;
+};
+
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT ArenaStringPtr {
+  inline void Set(const ::std::string* default_value,
+                  const ::std::string& value, Arena* arena) {
+    if (ptr_ == default_value) {
+      CreateInstance(arena, &value);
+    } else {
+      *ptr_ = value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline void SetLite(const ::std::string* default_value,
+                      const ::std::string& value, Arena* arena) {
+    Set(default_value, value, arena);
+  }
+
+  // Basic accessors.
+  inline const ::std::string& Get() const { return *ptr_; }
+
+  inline ::std::string* Mutable(const ::std::string* default_value,
+                                Arena* arena) {
+    if (ptr_ == default_value) {
+      CreateInstance(arena, default_value);
+    }
+    return ptr_;
+  }
+
+  // Release returns a ::std::string* instance that is heap-allocated and is not
+  // Own()'d by any arena. If the field was not set, it returns NULL. The caller
+  // retains ownership. Clears this field back to NULL state. Used to implement
+  // release_<field>() methods on generated classes.
+  inline ::std::string* Release(const ::std::string* default_value,
+                                Arena* arena) {
+    if (ptr_ == default_value) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    return ReleaseNonDefault(default_value, arena);
+  }
+
+  // Similar to Release, but ptr_ cannot be the default_value.
+  inline ::std::string* ReleaseNonDefault(const ::std::string* default_value,
+                                          Arena* arena) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!IsDefault(default_value));
+    ::std::string* released = NULL;
+    if (arena != NULL) {
+      // ptr_ is owned by the arena.
+      released = new ::std::string;
+      released->swap(*ptr_);
+    } else {
+      released = ptr_;
+    }
+    ptr_ = const_cast< ::std::string*>(default_value);
+    return released;
+  }
+
+  // UnsafeArenaRelease returns a ::std::string*, but it may be arena-owned
+  // (i.e.  have its destructor already registered) if arena != NULL. If the
+  // field was not set, this returns NULL. This method clears this field back to
+  // NULL state. Used to implement unsafe_arena_release_<field>() methods on
+  // generated classes.
+  inline ::std::string* UnsafeArenaRelease(const ::std::string* default_value,
+                                           Arena* /* arena */) {
+    if (ptr_ == default_value) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    ::std::string* released = ptr_;
+    ptr_ = const_cast< ::std::string*>(default_value);
+    return released;
+  }
+
+  // Takes a string that is heap-allocated, and takes ownership. The string's
+  // destructor is registered with the arena. Used to implement
+  // set_allocated_<field> in generated classes.
+  inline void SetAllocated(const ::std::string* default_value,
+                           ::std::string* value, Arena* arena) {
+    if (arena == NULL && ptr_ != default_value) {
+      Destroy(default_value, arena);
+    }
+    if (value != NULL) {
+      ptr_ = value;
+      if (arena != NULL) {
+        arena->Own(value);
+      }
+    } else {
+      ptr_ = const_cast< ::std::string*>(default_value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Takes a string that has lifetime equal to the arena's lifetime. The arena
+  // must be non-null. It is safe only to pass this method a value returned by
+  // UnsafeArenaRelease() on another field of a message in the same arena. Used
+  // to implement unsafe_arena_set_allocated_<field> in generated classes.
+  inline void UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(const ::std::string* default_value,
+                                      ::std::string* value,
+                                      Arena* /* arena */) {
+    if (value != NULL) {
+      ptr_ = value;
+    } else {
+      ptr_ = const_cast< ::std::string*>(default_value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Swaps internal pointers. Arena-safety semantics: this is guarded by the
+  // logic in Swap()/UnsafeArenaSwap() at the message level, so this method is
+  // 'unsafe' if called directly.
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE void Swap(ArenaStringPtr* other) {
+    std::swap(ptr_, other->ptr_);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE void Swap(ArenaStringPtr* other,
+                                   const ::std::string* default_value,
+                                   Arena* arena) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    // For debug builds, we swap the contents of the string, rather than the
+    // string instances themselves.  This invalidates previously taken const
+    // references that are (per our documentation) invalidated by calling Swap()
+    // on the message.
+    //
+    // If both strings are the default_value, swapping is uninteresting.
+    // Otherwise, we use ArenaStringPtr::Mutable() to access the string, to
+    // ensure that we do not try to mutate default_value itself.
+    if (IsDefault(default_value) && other->IsDefault(default_value)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    ::std::string* this_ptr = Mutable(default_value, arena);
+    ::std::string* other_ptr = other->Mutable(default_value, arena);
+
+    this_ptr->swap(*other_ptr);
+#else
+    std::swap(ptr_, other->ptr_);
+    (void)default_value;
+    (void)arena;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // Frees storage (if not on an arena).
+  inline void Destroy(const ::std::string* default_value, Arena* arena) {
+    if (arena == NULL && ptr_ != default_value) {
+      delete ptr_;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Clears content, but keeps allocated string if arena != NULL, to avoid the
+  // overhead of heap operations. After this returns, the content (as seen by
+  // the user) will always be the empty string. Assumes that |default_value|
+  // is an empty string.
+  inline void ClearToEmpty(const ::std::string* default_value,
+                           Arena* /* arena */) {
+    if (ptr_ == default_value) {
+      // Already set to default (which is empty) -- do nothing.
+    } else {
+      ptr_->clear();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Clears content, assuming that the current value is not the empty string
+  // default.
+  inline void ClearNonDefaultToEmpty() { ptr_->clear(); }
+  inline void ClearNonDefaultToEmptyNoArena() { ptr_->clear(); }
+
+  // Clears content, but keeps allocated string if arena != NULL, to avoid the
+  // overhead of heap operations. After this returns, the content (as seen by
+  // the user) will always be equal to |default_value|.
+  inline void ClearToDefault(const ::std::string* default_value,
+                             Arena* /* arena */) {
+    if (ptr_ == default_value) {
+      // Already set to default -- do nothing.
+    } else {
+      // Have another allocated string -- rather than throwing this away and
+      // resetting ptr_ to the canonical default string instance, we just reuse
+      // this instance.
+      *ptr_ = *default_value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Called from generated code / reflection runtime only. Resets value to point
+  // to a default string pointer, with the semantics that this ArenaStringPtr
+  // does not own the pointed-to memory. Disregards initial value of ptr_ (so
+  // this is the *ONLY* safe method to call after construction or when
+  // reinitializing after becoming the active field in a oneof union).
+  inline void UnsafeSetDefault(const ::std::string* default_value) {
+    // Casting away 'const' is safe here: accessors ensure that ptr_ is only
+    // returned as a const if it is equal to default_value.
+    ptr_ = const_cast< ::std::string*>(default_value);
+  }
+
+  // The 'NoArena' variants of methods below assume arena == NULL and are
+  // optimized to provide very little overhead relative to a raw string pointer
+  // (while still being in-memory compatible with other code that assumes
+  // ArenaStringPtr). Note the invariant that a class instance that has only
+  // ever been mutated by NoArena methods must *only* be in the String state
+  // (i.e., tag bits are not used), *NEVER* ArenaString. This allows all
+  // tagged-pointer manipulations to be avoided.
+  inline void SetNoArena(const ::std::string* default_value,
+                         const ::std::string& value) {
+    if (ptr_ == default_value) {
+      CreateInstanceNoArena(&value);
+    } else {
+      *ptr_ = value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void SetNoArena(const ::std::string* default_value, ::std::string&& value) {
+    if (IsDefault(default_value)) {
+      ptr_ = new ::std::string(std::move(value));
+    } else {
+      *ptr_ = std::move(value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void AssignWithDefault(const ::std::string* default_value,
+                         ArenaStringPtr value);
+
+  inline const ::std::string& GetNoArena() const { return *ptr_; }
+
+  inline ::std::string* MutableNoArena(const ::std::string* default_value) {
+    if (ptr_ == default_value) {
+      CreateInstanceNoArena(default_value);
+    }
+    return ptr_;
+  }
+
+  inline ::std::string* ReleaseNoArena(const ::std::string* default_value) {
+    if (ptr_ == default_value) {
+      return NULL;
+    } else {
+      return ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena(default_value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline ::std::string* ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena(
+      const ::std::string* default_value) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!IsDefault(default_value));
+    ::std::string* released = ptr_;
+    ptr_ = const_cast< ::std::string*>(default_value);
+    return released;
+  }
+
+  inline void SetAllocatedNoArena(const ::std::string* default_value,
+                                  ::std::string* value) {
+    if (ptr_ != default_value) {
+      delete ptr_;
+    }
+    if (value != NULL) {
+      ptr_ = value;
+    } else {
+      ptr_ = const_cast< ::std::string*>(default_value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline void DestroyNoArena(const ::std::string* default_value) {
+    if (ptr_ != default_value) {
+      delete ptr_;
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline void ClearToEmptyNoArena(const ::std::string* default_value) {
+    if (ptr_ == default_value) {
+      // Nothing: already equal to default (which is the empty string).
+    } else {
+      ptr_->clear();
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline void ClearToDefaultNoArena(const ::std::string* default_value) {
+    if (ptr_ == default_value) {
+      // Nothing: already set to default.
+    } else {
+      // Reuse existing allocated instance.
+      *ptr_ = *default_value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Internal accessor used only at parse time to provide direct access to the
+  // raw pointer from the shared parse routine (in the non-arenas case). The
+  // parse routine does the string allocation in order to save code size in the
+  // generated parsing code.
+  inline ::std::string** UnsafeRawStringPointer() { return &ptr_; }
+
+  inline bool IsDefault(const ::std::string* default_value) const {
+    return ptr_ == default_value;
+  }
+
+  // Internal accessors!!!!
+  void UnsafeSetTaggedPointer(TaggedPtr< ::std::string> value) {
+    ptr_ = value.Get();
+  }
+  // Generated code only! An optimization, in certain cases the generated
+  // code is certain we can obtain a string with no default checks and
+  // tag tests.
+  ::std::string* UnsafeMutablePointer() { return ptr_; }
+
+ private:
+  ::std::string* ptr_;
+
+  PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+  void CreateInstance(Arena* arena, const ::std::string* initial_value) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(initial_value != NULL);
+    // uses "new ::std::string" when arena is nullptr
+    ptr_ = Arena::Create< ::std::string>(arena, *initial_value);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+  void CreateInstanceNoArena(const ::std::string* initial_value) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(initial_value != NULL);
+    ptr_ = new ::std::string(*initial_value);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+inline void ArenaStringPtr::AssignWithDefault(
+    const ::std::string* default_value, ArenaStringPtr value) {
+  const ::std::string* me = *UnsafeRawStringPointer();
+  const ::std::string* other = *value.UnsafeRawStringPointer();
+  // If the pointers are the same then do nothing.
+  if (me != other) {
+    SetNoArena(default_value, value.GetNoArena());
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENASTRING_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arenastring_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arenastring_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5da4476b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/arenastring_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Based on mvels@'s frankenstring.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+using internal::ArenaStringPtr;
+
+static std::string WrapString(const char* value) { return value; }
+
+// Test ArenaStringPtr with arena == NULL.
+TEST(ArenaStringPtrTest, ArenaStringPtrOnHeap) {
+  ArenaStringPtr field;
+  std::string default_value = "default";
+  field.UnsafeSetDefault(&default_value);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("default"), field.Get());
+  field.Set(&default_value, WrapString("Test short"), NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("Test short"), field.Get());
+  field.Set(&default_value, WrapString("Test long long long long value"), NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("Test long long long long value"), field.Get());
+  field.Set(&default_value, std::string(""), NULL);
+  field.Destroy(&default_value, NULL);
+
+  ArenaStringPtr field2;
+  field2.UnsafeSetDefault(&default_value);
+  std::string* mut = field2.Mutable(&default_value, NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(mut, field2.Mutable(&default_value, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(mut, &field2.Get());
+  EXPECT_NE(&default_value, mut);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("default"), *mut);
+  *mut = "Test long long long long value";  // ensure string allocates storage
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("Test long long long long value"), field2.Get());
+  field2.Destroy(&default_value, NULL);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaStringPtrTest, ArenaStringPtrOnArena) {
+  Arena arena;
+  ArenaStringPtr field;
+  std::string default_value = "default";
+  field.UnsafeSetDefault(&default_value);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("default"), field.Get());
+  field.Set(&default_value, WrapString("Test short"), &arena);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("Test short"), field.Get());
+  field.Set(&default_value, WrapString("Test long long long long value"),
+            &arena);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("Test long long long long value"), field.Get());
+  field.Set(&default_value, std::string(""), &arena);
+  field.Destroy(&default_value, &arena);
+
+  ArenaStringPtr field2;
+  field2.UnsafeSetDefault(&default_value);
+  std::string* mut = field2.Mutable(&default_value, &arena);
+  EXPECT_EQ(mut, field2.Mutable(&default_value, &arena));
+  EXPECT_EQ(mut, &field2.Get());
+  EXPECT_NE(&default_value, mut);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("default"), *mut);
+  *mut = "Test long long long long value";  // ensure string allocates storage
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("Test long long long long value"), field2.Get());
+  field2.Destroy(&default_value, &arena);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaStringPtrTest, ArenaStringPtrOnArenaNoSSO) {
+  Arena arena;
+  ArenaStringPtr field;
+  std::string default_value = "default";
+  field.UnsafeSetDefault(&default_value);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("default"), field.Get());
+
+  // Avoid triggering the SSO optimization by setting the string to something
+  // larger than the internal buffer.
+  field.Set(&default_value, WrapString("Test long long long long value"),
+            &arena);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("Test long long long long value"), field.Get());
+  field.Set(&default_value, std::string(""), &arena);
+  field.Destroy(&default_value, &arena);
+
+  ArenaStringPtr field2;
+  field2.UnsafeSetDefault(&default_value);
+  std::string* mut = field2.Mutable(&default_value, &arena);
+  EXPECT_EQ(mut, field2.Mutable(&default_value, &arena));
+  EXPECT_EQ(mut, &field2.Get());
+  EXPECT_NE(&default_value, mut);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("default"), *mut);
+  *mut = "Test long long long long value";  // ensure string allocates storage
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("Test long long long long value"), field2.Get());
+  field2.Destroy(&default_value, &arena);
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/annotation_test_util.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/annotation_test_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d33f29fb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/annotation_test_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/annotation_test_util.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace annotation_test_util {
+namespace {
+
+// A CodeGenerator that captures the FileDescriptor it's passed as a
+// FileDescriptorProto.
+class DescriptorCapturingGenerator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  // Does not own file; file must outlive the Generator.
+  explicit DescriptorCapturingGenerator(FileDescriptorProto* file)
+      : file_(file) {}
+
+  virtual bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                        const std::string& parameter, GeneratorContext* context,
+                        std::string* error) const {
+    file->CopyTo(file_);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FileDescriptorProto* file_;
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+void AddFile(const std::string& filename, const std::string& data) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::SetContents(TestTempDir() + "/" + filename, data,
+                             true));
+}
+
+bool RunProtoCompiler(const std::string& filename,
+                      const std::string& plugin_specific_args,
+                      CommandLineInterface* cli, FileDescriptorProto* file) {
+  cli->SetInputsAreProtoPathRelative(true);
+
+  DescriptorCapturingGenerator capturing_generator(file);
+  cli->RegisterGenerator("--capture_out", &capturing_generator, "");
+
+  std::string proto_path = "-I" + TestTempDir();
+  std::string capture_out = "--capture_out=" + TestTempDir();
+
+  const char* argv[] = {"protoc", proto_path.c_str(),
+                        plugin_specific_args.c_str(), capture_out.c_str(),
+                        filename.c_str()};
+
+  return cli->Run(5, argv) == 0;
+}
+
+bool DecodeMetadata(const std::string& path, GeneratedCodeInfo* info) {
+  std::string data;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(path, &data, true));
+  io::ArrayInputStream input(data.data(), data.size());
+  return info->ParseFromZeroCopyStream(&input);
+}
+
+void FindAnnotationsOnPath(
+    const GeneratedCodeInfo& info, const std::string& source_file,
+    const std::vector<int>& path,
+    std::vector<const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation*>* annotations) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < info.annotation_size(); ++i) {
+    const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* annotation = &info.annotation(i);
+    if (annotation->source_file() != source_file ||
+        annotation->path_size() != path.size()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    int node = 0;
+    for (; node < path.size(); ++node) {
+      if (annotation->path(node) != path[node]) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (node == path.size()) {
+      annotations->push_back(annotation);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* FindAnnotationOnPath(
+    const GeneratedCodeInfo& info, const std::string& source_file,
+    const std::vector<int>& path) {
+  std::vector<const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation*> annotations;
+  FindAnnotationsOnPath(info, source_file, path, &annotations);
+  if (annotations.empty()) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return annotations[0];
+}
+
+bool AtLeastOneAnnotationMatchesSubstring(
+    const std::string& file_content,
+    const std::vector<const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation*>& annotations,
+    const std::string& expected_text) {
+  for (std::vector<const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation*>::const_iterator
+           i = annotations.begin(),
+           e = annotations.end();
+       i != e; ++i) {
+    const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* annotation = *i;
+    uint32 begin = annotation->begin();
+    uint32 end = annotation->end();
+    if (end < begin || end > file_content.size()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (file_content.substr(begin, end - begin) == expected_text) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool AnnotationMatchesSubstring(const std::string& file_content,
+                                const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* annotation,
+                                const std::string& expected_text) {
+  std::vector<const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation*> annotations;
+  annotations.push_back(annotation);
+  return AtLeastOneAnnotationMatchesSubstring(file_content, annotations,
+                                              expected_text);
+}
+}  // namespace annotation_test_util
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/annotation_test_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/annotation_test_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c1319182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/annotation_test_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_ANNOTATION_TEST_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_ANNOTATION_TEST_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+// Utilities that assist in writing tests for generator annotations.
+// See java/internal/annotation_unittest.cc for an example.
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace annotation_test_util {
+
+// Struct that contains the file generated from a .proto file and its
+// GeneratedCodeInfo. For example, the Java generator will fill this struct
+// (for some 'foo.proto') with:
+//   file_path = "Foo.java"
+//   file_content = content of Foo.java
+//   file_info = parsed content of Foo.java.pb.meta
+struct ExpectedOutput {
+  std::string file_path;
+  std::string file_content;
+  GeneratedCodeInfo file_info;
+  explicit ExpectedOutput(const std::string& file_path)
+      : file_path(file_path) {}
+};
+
+// Creates a file with name `filename` and content `data` in temp test
+// directory.
+void AddFile(const std::string& filename, const std::string& data);
+
+// Runs proto compiler. Captures proto file structrue in FileDescriptorProto.
+// Files will be generated in TestTempDir() folder. Callers of this
+// function must read generated files themselves.
+//
+// filename: source .proto file used to generate code.
+// plugin_specific_args: command line arguments specific to current generator.
+//     For Java, this value might be "--java_out=annotate_code:test_temp_dir"
+// cli: instance of command line interface to run generator. See Java's
+//     annotation_unittest.cc for an example of how to initialize it.
+// file: output parameter, will be set to the descriptor of the proto file
+//     specified in filename.
+bool RunProtoCompiler(const std::string& filename,
+                      const std::string& plugin_specific_args,
+                      CommandLineInterface* cli, FileDescriptorProto* file);
+
+bool DecodeMetadata(const std::string& path, GeneratedCodeInfo* info);
+
+// Finds all of the Annotations for a given source file and path.
+// See Location.path in http://google3/net/proto2/proto/descriptor.proto for
+// explanation of what path vector is.
+void FindAnnotationsOnPath(
+    const GeneratedCodeInfo& info, const std::string& source_file,
+    const std::vector<int>& path,
+    std::vector<const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation*>* annotations);
+
+// Finds the Annotation for a given source file and path (or returns null if it
+// couldn't). If there are several annotations for given path, returns the first
+// one. See Location.path in
+// http://google3/net/proto2/proto/descriptor.proto for explanation of what path
+// vector is.
+const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* FindAnnotationOnPath(
+    const GeneratedCodeInfo& info, const std::string& source_file,
+    const std::vector<int>& path);
+
+// Returns true if at least one of the provided annotations covers a given
+// substring in file_content.
+bool AtLeastOneAnnotationMatchesSubstring(
+    const std::string& file_content,
+    const std::vector<const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation*>& annotations,
+    const std::string& expected_text);
+
+// Returns true if the provided annotation covers a given substring in
+// file_content.
+bool AnnotationMatchesSubstring(const std::string& file_content,
+                                const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* annotation,
+                                const std::string& expected_text);
+
+}  // namespace annotation_test_util
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_ANNOTATION_TEST_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..428ec4698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+CodeGenerator::~CodeGenerator() {}
+
+bool CodeGenerator::GenerateAll(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                                const std::string& parameter,
+                                GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+                                std::string* error) const {
+  // Default implemenation is just to call the per file method, and prefix any
+  // error string with the file to provide context.
+  bool succeeded = true;
+  for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
+    const FileDescriptor* file = files[i];
+    succeeded = Generate(file, parameter, generator_context, error);
+    if (!succeeded && error && error->empty()) {
+      *error =
+          "Code generator returned false but provided no error "
+          "description.";
+    }
+    if (error && !error->empty()) {
+      *error = file->name() + ": " + *error;
+      break;
+    }
+    if (!succeeded) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return succeeded;
+}
+
+GeneratorContext::~GeneratorContext() {}
+
+io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* GeneratorContext::OpenForAppend(
+    const std::string& filename) {
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* GeneratorContext::OpenForInsert(
+    const std::string& filename, const std::string& insertion_point) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "This GeneratorContext does not support insertion.";
+  return NULL;  // make compiler happy
+}
+
+void GeneratorContext::ListParsedFiles(
+    std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>* output) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "This GeneratorContext does not support ListParsedFiles";
+}
+
+void GeneratorContext::GetCompilerVersion(Version* version) const {
+  version->set_major(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION / 1000000);
+  version->set_minor(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION / 1000 % 1000);
+  version->set_patch(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION % 1000);
+  version->set_suffix(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION_SUFFIX);
+}
+
+// Parses a set of comma-delimited name/value pairs.
+void ParseGeneratorParameter(
+    const std::string& text,
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> >* output) {
+  std::vector<std::string> parts = Split(text, ",", true);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < parts.size(); i++) {
+    std::string::size_type equals_pos = parts[i].find_first_of('=');
+    std::pair<std::string, std::string> value;
+    if (equals_pos == std::string::npos) {
+      value.first = parts[i];
+      value.second = "";
+    } else {
+      value.first = parts[i].substr(0, equals_pos);
+      value.second = parts[i].substr(equals_pos + 1);
+    }
+    output->push_back(value);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..528dc7642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Defines the abstract interface implemented by each of the language-specific
+// code generators.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CODE_GENERATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CODE_GENERATOR_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace io {
+class ZeroCopyOutputStream;
+}
+class FileDescriptor;
+
+namespace compiler {
+class AccessInfoMap;
+
+class Version;
+
+// Defined in this file.
+class CodeGenerator;
+class GeneratorContext;
+
+// The abstract interface to a class which generates code implementing a
+// particular proto file in a particular language.  A number of these may
+// be registered with CommandLineInterface to support various languages.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  inline CodeGenerator() {}
+  virtual ~CodeGenerator();
+
+  // Generates code for the given proto file, generating one or more files in
+  // the given output directory.
+  //
+  // A parameter to be passed to the generator can be specified on the command
+  // line. This is intended to be used to pass generator specific parameters.
+  // It is empty if no parameter was given. ParseGeneratorParameter (below),
+  // can be used to accept multiple parameters within the single parameter
+  // command line flag.
+  //
+  // Returns true if successful.  Otherwise, sets *error to a description of
+  // the problem (e.g. "invalid parameter") and returns false.
+  virtual bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                        const std::string& parameter,
+                        GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+                        std::string* error) const = 0;
+
+  // Generates code for all given proto files.
+  //
+  // WARNING: The canonical code generator design produces one or two output
+  // files per input .proto file, and we do not wish to encourage alternate
+  // designs.
+  //
+  // A parameter is given as passed on the command line, as in |Generate()|
+  // above.
+  //
+  // Returns true if successful.  Otherwise, sets *error to a description of
+  // the problem (e.g. "invalid parameter") and returns false.
+  virtual bool GenerateAll(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                           const std::string& parameter,
+                           GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+                           std::string* error) const;
+
+  // This is no longer used, but this class is part of the opensource protobuf
+  // library, so it has to remain to keep vtables the same for the current
+  // version of the library. When protobufs does a api breaking change, the
+  // method can be removed.
+  virtual bool HasGenerateAll() const { return true; }
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CodeGenerator);
+};
+
+// CodeGenerators generate one or more files in a given directory.  This
+// abstract interface represents the directory to which the CodeGenerator is
+// to write and other information about the context in which the Generator
+// runs.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT GeneratorContext {
+ public:
+  inline GeneratorContext() {
+  }
+  virtual ~GeneratorContext();
+
+  // Opens the given file, truncating it if it exists, and returns a
+  // ZeroCopyOutputStream that writes to the file.  The caller takes ownership
+  // of the returned object.  This method never fails (a dummy stream will be
+  // returned instead).
+  //
+  // The filename given should be relative to the root of the source tree.
+  // E.g. the C++ generator, when generating code for "foo/bar.proto", will
+  // generate the files "foo/bar.pb.h" and "foo/bar.pb.cc"; note that
+  // "foo/" is included in these filenames.  The filename is not allowed to
+  // contain "." or ".." components.
+  virtual io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* Open(const std::string& filename) = 0;
+
+  // Similar to Open() but the output will be appended to the file if exists
+  virtual io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* OpenForAppend(const std::string& filename);
+
+  // Creates a ZeroCopyOutputStream which will insert code into the given file
+  // at the given insertion point.  See plugin.proto (plugin.pb.h) for more
+  // information on insertion points.  The default implementation
+  // assert-fails -- it exists only for backwards-compatibility.
+  //
+  // WARNING:  This feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and is subject to change.
+  virtual io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* OpenForInsert(
+      const std::string& filename, const std::string& insertion_point);
+
+  // Returns a vector of FileDescriptors for all the files being compiled
+  // in this run.  Useful for languages, such as Go, that treat files
+  // differently when compiled as a set rather than individually.
+  virtual void ListParsedFiles(std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>* output);
+
+  // Retrieves the version number of the protocol compiler associated with
+  // this GeneratorContext.
+  virtual void GetCompilerVersion(Version* version) const;
+
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(GeneratorContext);
+};
+
+// The type GeneratorContext was once called OutputDirectory. This typedef
+// provides backward compatibility.
+typedef GeneratorContext OutputDirectory;
+
+// Several code generators treat the parameter argument as holding a
+// list of options separated by commas.  This helper function parses
+// a set of comma-delimited name/value pairs: e.g.,
+//   "foo=bar,baz,qux=corge"
+// parses to the pairs:
+//   ("foo", "bar"), ("baz", ""), ("qux", "corge")
+PROTOC_EXPORT void ParseGeneratorParameter(
+    const std::string&, std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> >*);
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CODE_GENERATOR_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2de565963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2385 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#ifdef major
+#undef major
+#endif
+#ifdef minor
+#undef minor
+#endif
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <limits.h>  //For PATH_MAX
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/zip_writer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/importer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+#ifndef O_BINARY
+#ifdef _O_BINARY
+#define O_BINARY _O_BINARY
+#else
+#define O_BINARY 0  // If this isn't defined, the platform doesn't need it.
+#endif
+#endif
+
+namespace {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+// DO NOT include <io.h>, instead create functions in io_win32.{h,cc} and import
+// them like we do below.
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::access;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::close;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::mkdir;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::open;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::setmode;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::write;
+#endif
+
+static const char* kDefaultDirectDependenciesViolationMsg =
+    "File is imported but not declared in --direct_dependencies: %s";
+
+// Returns true if the text looks like a Windows-style absolute path, starting
+// with a drive letter.  Example:  "C:\foo".  TODO(kenton):  Share this with
+// copy in importer.cc?
+static bool IsWindowsAbsolutePath(const std::string& text) {
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+  return text.size() >= 3 && text[1] == ':' && isalpha(text[0]) &&
+         (text[2] == '/' || text[2] == '\\') && text.find_last_of(':') == 1;
+#else
+  return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+void SetFdToTextMode(int fd) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  if (setmode(fd, _O_TEXT) == -1) {
+    // This should never happen, I think.
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "setmode(" << fd << ", _O_TEXT): " << strerror(errno);
+  }
+#endif
+  // (Text and binary are the same on non-Windows platforms.)
+}
+
+void SetFdToBinaryMode(int fd) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  if (setmode(fd, _O_BINARY) == -1) {
+    // This should never happen, I think.
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "setmode(" << fd << ", _O_BINARY): " << strerror(errno);
+  }
+#endif
+  // (Text and binary are the same on non-Windows platforms.)
+}
+
+void AddTrailingSlash(std::string* path) {
+  if (!path->empty() && path->at(path->size() - 1) != '/') {
+    path->push_back('/');
+  }
+}
+
+bool VerifyDirectoryExists(const std::string& path) {
+  if (path.empty()) return true;
+
+  if (access(path.c_str(), F_OK) == -1) {
+    std::cerr << path << ": " << strerror(errno) << std::endl;
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+// Try to create the parent directory of the given file, creating the parent's
+// parent if necessary, and so on.  The full file name is actually
+// (prefix + filename), but we assume |prefix| already exists and only create
+// directories listed in |filename|.
+bool TryCreateParentDirectory(const std::string& prefix,
+                              const std::string& filename) {
+  // Recursively create parent directories to the output file.
+  // On Windows, both '/' and '\' are valid path separators.
+  std::vector<std::string> parts =
+      Split(filename, "/\\", true);
+  std::string path_so_far = prefix;
+  for (int i = 0; i < parts.size() - 1; i++) {
+    path_so_far += parts[i];
+    if (mkdir(path_so_far.c_str(), 0777) != 0) {
+      if (errno != EEXIST) {
+        std::cerr << filename << ": while trying to create directory "
+                  << path_so_far << ": " << strerror(errno) << std::endl;
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    path_so_far += '/';
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Get the absolute path of this protoc binary.
+bool GetProtocAbsolutePath(std::string* path) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  char buffer[MAX_PATH];
+  int len = GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, buffer, MAX_PATH);
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+  char buffer[PATH_MAX];
+  int len = 0;
+
+  char dirtybuffer[PATH_MAX];
+  uint32_t size = sizeof(dirtybuffer);
+  if (_NSGetExecutablePath(dirtybuffer, &size) == 0) {
+    realpath(dirtybuffer, buffer);
+    len = strlen(buffer);
+  }
+#else
+  char buffer[PATH_MAX];
+  int len = readlink("/proc/self/exe", buffer, PATH_MAX);
+#endif
+  if (len > 0) {
+    path->assign(buffer, len);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// Whether a path is where google/protobuf/descriptor.proto and other well-known
+// type protos are installed.
+bool IsInstalledProtoPath(const std::string& path) {
+  // Checking the descriptor.proto file should be good enough.
+  std::string file_path = path + "/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+  return access(file_path.c_str(), F_OK) != -1;
+}
+
+// Add the paths where google/protobuf/descriptor.proto and other well-known
+// type protos are installed.
+void AddDefaultProtoPaths(
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> >* paths) {
+  // TODO(xiaofeng): The code currently only checks relative paths of where
+  // the protoc binary is installed. We probably should make it handle more
+  // cases than that.
+  std::string path;
+  if (!GetProtocAbsolutePath(&path)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // Strip the binary name.
+  size_t pos = path.find_last_of("/\\");
+  if (pos == std::string::npos || pos == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  path = path.substr(0, pos);
+  // Check the binary's directory.
+  if (IsInstalledProtoPath(path)) {
+    paths->push_back(std::pair<std::string, std::string>("", path));
+    return;
+  }
+  // Check if there is an include subdirectory.
+  if (IsInstalledProtoPath(path + "/include")) {
+    paths->push_back(
+        std::pair<std::string, std::string>("", path + "/include"));
+    return;
+  }
+  // Check if the upper level directory has an "include" subdirectory.
+  pos = path.find_last_of("/\\");
+  if (pos == std::string::npos || pos == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  path = path.substr(0, pos);
+  if (IsInstalledProtoPath(path + "/include")) {
+    paths->push_back(
+        std::pair<std::string, std::string>("", path + "/include"));
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+std::string PluginName(const std::string& plugin_prefix,
+                       const std::string& directive) {
+  // Assuming the directive starts with "--" and ends with "_out" or "_opt",
+  // strip the "--" and "_out/_opt" and add the plugin prefix.
+  return plugin_prefix + "gen-" + directive.substr(2, directive.size() - 6);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// A MultiFileErrorCollector that prints errors to stderr.
+class CommandLineInterface::ErrorPrinter
+    : public MultiFileErrorCollector,
+      public io::ErrorCollector,
+      public DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  ErrorPrinter(ErrorFormat format, DiskSourceTree* tree = NULL)
+      : format_(format), tree_(tree), found_errors_(false) {}
+  ~ErrorPrinter() {}
+
+  // implements MultiFileErrorCollector ------------------------------
+  void AddError(const std::string& filename, int line, int column,
+                const std::string& message) {
+    found_errors_ = true;
+    AddErrorOrWarning(filename, line, column, message, "error", std::cerr);
+  }
+
+  void AddWarning(const std::string& filename, int line, int column,
+                  const std::string& message) {
+    AddErrorOrWarning(filename, line, column, message, "warning", std::clog);
+  }
+
+  // implements io::ErrorCollector -----------------------------------
+  void AddError(int line, int column, const std::string& message) {
+    AddError("input", line, column, message);
+  }
+
+  void AddWarning(int line, int column, const std::string& message) {
+    AddErrorOrWarning("input", line, column, message, "warning", std::clog);
+  }
+
+  // implements DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector-------------------------
+  void AddError(const std::string& filename, const std::string& element_name,
+                const Message* descriptor, ErrorLocation location,
+                const std::string& message) {
+    AddErrorOrWarning(filename, -1, -1, message, "error", std::cerr);
+  }
+
+  void AddWarning(const std::string& filename, const std::string& element_name,
+                  const Message* descriptor, ErrorLocation location,
+                  const std::string& message) {
+    AddErrorOrWarning(filename, -1, -1, message, "warning", std::clog);
+  }
+
+  bool FoundErrors() const { return found_errors_; }
+
+ private:
+  void AddErrorOrWarning(const std::string& filename, int line, int column,
+                         const std::string& message, const std::string& type,
+                         std::ostream& out) {
+    // Print full path when running under MSVS
+    std::string dfile;
+    if (format_ == CommandLineInterface::ERROR_FORMAT_MSVS && tree_ != NULL &&
+        tree_->VirtualFileToDiskFile(filename, &dfile)) {
+      out << dfile;
+    } else {
+      out << filename;
+    }
+
+    // Users typically expect 1-based line/column numbers, so we add 1
+    // to each here.
+    if (line != -1) {
+      // Allow for both GCC- and Visual-Studio-compatible output.
+      switch (format_) {
+        case CommandLineInterface::ERROR_FORMAT_GCC:
+          out << ":" << (line + 1) << ":" << (column + 1);
+          break;
+        case CommandLineInterface::ERROR_FORMAT_MSVS:
+          out << "(" << (line + 1) << ") : " << type
+              << " in column=" << (column + 1);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (type == "warning") {
+      out << ": warning: " << message << std::endl;
+    } else {
+      out << ": " << message << std::endl;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const ErrorFormat format_;
+  DiskSourceTree* tree_;
+  bool found_errors_;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// A GeneratorContext implementation that buffers files in memory, then dumps
+// them all to disk on demand.
+class CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl : public GeneratorContext {
+ public:
+  GeneratorContextImpl(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files);
+
+  // Write all files in the directory to disk at the given output location,
+  // which must end in a '/'.
+  bool WriteAllToDisk(const std::string& prefix);
+
+  // Write the contents of this directory to a ZIP-format archive with the
+  // given name.
+  bool WriteAllToZip(const std::string& filename);
+
+  // Add a boilerplate META-INF/MANIFEST.MF file as required by the Java JAR
+  // format, unless one has already been written.
+  void AddJarManifest();
+
+  // Get name of all output files.
+  void GetOutputFilenames(std::vector<std::string>* output_filenames);
+
+  // implements GeneratorContext --------------------------------------
+  io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* Open(const std::string& filename);
+  io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* OpenForAppend(const std::string& filename);
+  io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* OpenForInsert(const std::string& filename,
+                                          const std::string& insertion_point);
+  void ListParsedFiles(std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>* output) {
+    *output = parsed_files_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  friend class MemoryOutputStream;
+
+  // map instead of unordered_map so that files are written in order (good when
+  // writing zips).
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> files_;
+  const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files_;
+  bool had_error_;
+};
+
+class CommandLineInterface::MemoryOutputStream
+    : public io::ZeroCopyOutputStream {
+ public:
+  MemoryOutputStream(GeneratorContextImpl* directory,
+                     const std::string& filename, bool append_mode);
+  MemoryOutputStream(GeneratorContextImpl* directory,
+                     const std::string& filename,
+                     const std::string& insertion_point);
+  virtual ~MemoryOutputStream();
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyOutputStream ---------------------------------
+  bool Next(void** data, int* size) override {
+    return inner_->Next(data, size);
+  }
+  void BackUp(int count) override { inner_->BackUp(count); }
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override { return inner_->ByteCount(); }
+
+ private:
+  // Checks to see if "filename_.meta" exists in directory_; if so, fixes the
+  // offsets in that GeneratedCodeInfo record to reflect bytes inserted in
+  // filename_ at original offset insertion_offset with length insertion_length.
+  // We assume that insertions will not occur within any given annotated span
+  // of text.
+  void UpdateMetadata(size_t insertion_offset, size_t insertion_length);
+
+  // Where to insert the string when it's done.
+  GeneratorContextImpl* directory_;
+  std::string filename_;
+  std::string insertion_point_;
+
+  // The string we're building.
+  std::string data_;
+
+  // Whether we should append the output stream to the existing file.
+  bool append_mode_;
+
+  // StringOutputStream writing to data_.
+  std::unique_ptr<io::StringOutputStream> inner_;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::GeneratorContextImpl(
+    const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files)
+    : parsed_files_(parsed_files), had_error_(false) {}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::WriteAllToDisk(
+    const std::string& prefix) {
+  if (had_error_) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!VerifyDirectoryExists(prefix)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& pair : files_) {
+    const std::string& relative_filename = pair.first;
+    const char* data = pair.second.data();
+    int size = pair.second.size();
+
+    if (!TryCreateParentDirectory(prefix, relative_filename)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    std::string filename = prefix + relative_filename;
+
+    // Create the output file.
+    int file_descriptor;
+    do {
+      file_descriptor =
+          open(filename.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY, 0666);
+    } while (file_descriptor < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+
+    if (file_descriptor < 0) {
+      int error = errno;
+      std::cerr << filename << ": " << strerror(error);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Write the file.
+    while (size > 0) {
+      int write_result;
+      do {
+        write_result = write(file_descriptor, data, size);
+      } while (write_result < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+
+      if (write_result <= 0) {
+        // Write error.
+
+        // FIXME(kenton):  According to the man page, if write() returns zero,
+        //   there was no error; write() simply did not write anything.  It's
+        //   unclear under what circumstances this might happen, but presumably
+        //   errno won't be set in this case.  I am confused as to how such an
+        //   event should be handled.  For now I'm treating it as an error,
+        //   since retrying seems like it could lead to an infinite loop.  I
+        //   suspect this never actually happens anyway.
+
+        if (write_result < 0) {
+          int error = errno;
+          std::cerr << filename << ": write: " << strerror(error);
+        } else {
+          std::cerr << filename << ": write() returned zero?" << std::endl;
+        }
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      data += write_result;
+      size -= write_result;
+    }
+
+    if (close(file_descriptor) != 0) {
+      int error = errno;
+      std::cerr << filename << ": close: " << strerror(error);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::WriteAllToZip(
+    const std::string& filename) {
+  if (had_error_) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Create the output file.
+  int file_descriptor;
+  do {
+    file_descriptor =
+        open(filename.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY, 0666);
+  } while (file_descriptor < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+
+  if (file_descriptor < 0) {
+    int error = errno;
+    std::cerr << filename << ": " << strerror(error);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Create the ZipWriter
+  io::FileOutputStream stream(file_descriptor);
+  ZipWriter zip_writer(&stream);
+
+  for (const auto& pair : files_) {
+    zip_writer.Write(pair.first, pair.second);
+  }
+
+  zip_writer.WriteDirectory();
+
+  if (stream.GetErrno() != 0) {
+    std::cerr << filename << ": " << strerror(stream.GetErrno()) << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  if (!stream.Close()) {
+    std::cerr << filename << ": " << strerror(stream.GetErrno()) << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::AddJarManifest() {
+  auto pair = files_.insert({"META-INF/MANIFEST.MF", ""});
+  if (pair.second) {
+    pair.first->second =
+        "Manifest-Version: 1.0\n"
+        "Created-By: 1.6.0 (protoc)\n"
+        "\n";
+  }
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::GetOutputFilenames(
+    std::vector<std::string>* output_filenames) {
+  for (const auto& pair : files_) {
+    output_filenames->push_back(pair.first);
+  }
+}
+
+io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::Open(
+    const std::string& filename) {
+  return new MemoryOutputStream(this, filename, false);
+}
+
+io::ZeroCopyOutputStream*
+CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::OpenForAppend(
+    const std::string& filename) {
+  return new MemoryOutputStream(this, filename, true);
+}
+
+io::ZeroCopyOutputStream*
+CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::OpenForInsert(
+    const std::string& filename, const std::string& insertion_point) {
+  return new MemoryOutputStream(this, filename, insertion_point);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+CommandLineInterface::MemoryOutputStream::MemoryOutputStream(
+    GeneratorContextImpl* directory, const std::string& filename,
+    bool append_mode)
+    : directory_(directory),
+      filename_(filename),
+      append_mode_(append_mode),
+      inner_(new io::StringOutputStream(&data_)) {}
+
+CommandLineInterface::MemoryOutputStream::MemoryOutputStream(
+    GeneratorContextImpl* directory, const std::string& filename,
+    const std::string& insertion_point)
+    : directory_(directory),
+      filename_(filename),
+      insertion_point_(insertion_point),
+      inner_(new io::StringOutputStream(&data_)) {}
+
+void CommandLineInterface::MemoryOutputStream::UpdateMetadata(
+    size_t insertion_offset, size_t insertion_length) {
+  auto it = directory_->files_.find(filename_ + ".meta");
+  if (it == directory_->files_.end()) {
+    // No metadata was recorded for this file.
+    return;
+  }
+  std::string& encoded_data = it->second;
+  GeneratedCodeInfo metadata;
+  bool is_text_format = false;
+  if (!metadata.ParseFromString(encoded_data)) {
+    if (!TextFormat::ParseFromString(encoded_data, &metadata)) {
+      // The metadata is invalid.
+      std::cerr << filename_
+                << ".meta: Could not parse metadata as wire or text format."
+                << std::endl;
+      return;
+    }
+    // Generators that use the public plugin interface emit text-format
+    // metadata (because in the public plugin protocol, file content must be
+    // UTF8-encoded strings).
+    is_text_format = true;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < metadata.annotation_size(); ++i) {
+    GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* annotation = metadata.mutable_annotation(i);
+    if (annotation->begin() >= insertion_offset) {
+      annotation->set_begin(annotation->begin() + insertion_length);
+      annotation->set_end(annotation->end() + insertion_length);
+    }
+  }
+  if (is_text_format) {
+    TextFormat::PrintToString(metadata, &encoded_data);
+  } else {
+    metadata.SerializeToString(&encoded_data);
+  }
+}
+
+CommandLineInterface::MemoryOutputStream::~MemoryOutputStream() {
+  // Make sure all data has been written.
+  inner_.reset();
+
+  // Insert into the directory.
+  auto pair = directory_->files_.insert({filename_, ""});
+  auto it = pair.first;
+  bool already_present = !pair.second;
+
+  if (insertion_point_.empty()) {
+    // This was just a regular Open().
+    if (already_present) {
+      if (append_mode_) {
+        it->second.append(data_);
+      } else {
+        std::cerr << filename_ << ": Tried to write the same file twice."
+                  << std::endl;
+        directory_->had_error_ = true;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    it->second.swap(data_);
+  } else {
+    // This was an OpenForInsert().
+
+    // If the data doesn't end with a clean line break, add one.
+    if (!data_.empty() && data_[data_.size() - 1] != '\n') {
+      data_.push_back('\n');
+    }
+
+    // Find the file we are going to insert into.
+    if (!already_present) {
+      std::cerr << filename_
+                << ": Tried to insert into file that doesn't exist."
+                << std::endl;
+      directory_->had_error_ = true;
+      return;
+    }
+    std::string* target = &it->second;
+
+    // Find the insertion point.
+    std::string magic_string =
+        strings::Substitute("@@protoc_insertion_point($0)", insertion_point_);
+    std::string::size_type pos = target->find(magic_string);
+
+    if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+      std::cerr << filename_ << ": insertion point \"" << insertion_point_
+                << "\" not found." << std::endl;
+      directory_->had_error_ = true;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if ((pos > 3) && (target->substr(pos - 3, 2) == "/*")) {
+      // Support for inline "/* @@protoc_insertion_point() */"
+      pos = pos - 3;
+    } else {
+      // Seek backwards to the beginning of the line, which is where we will
+      // insert the data.  Note that this has the effect of pushing the
+      // insertion point down, so the data is inserted before it.  This is
+      // intentional because it means that multiple insertions at the same point
+      // will end up in the expected order in the final output.
+      pos = target->find_last_of('\n', pos);
+      if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+        // Insertion point is on the first line.
+        pos = 0;
+      } else {
+        // Advance to character after '\n'.
+        ++pos;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Extract indent.
+    std::string indent_(*target, pos,
+                        target->find_first_not_of(" \t", pos) - pos);
+
+    if (indent_.empty()) {
+      // No indent.  This makes things easier.
+      target->insert(pos, data_);
+      UpdateMetadata(pos, data_.size());
+    } else {
+      // Calculate how much space we need.
+      int indent_size = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < data_.size(); i++) {
+        if (data_[i] == '\n') indent_size += indent_.size();
+      }
+
+      // Make a hole for it.
+      target->insert(pos, data_.size() + indent_size, '\0');
+      UpdateMetadata(pos, data_.size() + indent_size);
+
+      // Now copy in the data.
+      std::string::size_type data_pos = 0;
+      char* target_ptr = ::google::protobuf::string_as_array(target) + pos;
+      while (data_pos < data_.size()) {
+        // Copy indent.
+        memcpy(target_ptr, indent_.data(), indent_.size());
+        target_ptr += indent_.size();
+
+        // Copy line from data_.
+        // We already guaranteed that data_ ends with a newline (above), so this
+        // search can't fail.
+        std::string::size_type line_length =
+            data_.find_first_of('\n', data_pos) + 1 - data_pos;
+        memcpy(target_ptr, data_.data() + data_pos, line_length);
+        target_ptr += line_length;
+        data_pos += line_length;
+      }
+
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(target_ptr,
+               ::google::protobuf::string_as_array(target) + pos + data_.size() + indent_size);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+const char* const CommandLineInterface::kPathSeparator = ";";
+#else
+const char* const CommandLineInterface::kPathSeparator = ":";
+#endif
+
+CommandLineInterface::CommandLineInterface()
+    : mode_(MODE_COMPILE),
+      print_mode_(PRINT_NONE),
+      error_format_(ERROR_FORMAT_GCC),
+      direct_dependencies_explicitly_set_(false),
+      direct_dependencies_violation_msg_(
+          kDefaultDirectDependenciesViolationMsg),
+      imports_in_descriptor_set_(false),
+      source_info_in_descriptor_set_(false),
+      disallow_services_(false) {
+}
+CommandLineInterface::~CommandLineInterface() {}
+
+void CommandLineInterface::RegisterGenerator(const std::string& flag_name,
+                                             CodeGenerator* generator,
+                                             const std::string& help_text) {
+  GeneratorInfo info;
+  info.flag_name = flag_name;
+  info.generator = generator;
+  info.help_text = help_text;
+  generators_by_flag_name_[flag_name] = info;
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterface::RegisterGenerator(
+    const std::string& flag_name, const std::string& option_flag_name,
+    CodeGenerator* generator, const std::string& help_text) {
+  GeneratorInfo info;
+  info.flag_name = flag_name;
+  info.option_flag_name = option_flag_name;
+  info.generator = generator;
+  info.help_text = help_text;
+  generators_by_flag_name_[flag_name] = info;
+  generators_by_option_name_[option_flag_name] = info;
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterface::AllowPlugins(const std::string& exe_name_prefix) {
+  plugin_prefix_ = exe_name_prefix;
+}
+
+
+int CommandLineInterface::Run(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
+  Clear();
+  switch (ParseArguments(argc, argv)) {
+    case PARSE_ARGUMENT_DONE_AND_EXIT:
+      return 0;
+    case PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL:
+      return 1;
+    case PARSE_ARGUMENT_DONE_AND_CONTINUE:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<const FileDescriptor*> parsed_files;
+  std::unique_ptr<DiskSourceTree> disk_source_tree;
+  std::unique_ptr<ErrorPrinter> error_collector;
+  std::unique_ptr<DescriptorPool> descriptor_pool;
+  std::unique_ptr<SimpleDescriptorDatabase> descriptor_set_in_database;
+  std::unique_ptr<SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase> source_tree_database;
+
+  // Any --descriptor_set_in FileDescriptorSet objects will be used as a
+  // fallback to input_files on command line, so create that db first.
+  if (!descriptor_set_in_names_.empty()) {
+    descriptor_set_in_database.reset(new SimpleDescriptorDatabase());
+    if (!PopulateSimpleDescriptorDatabase(descriptor_set_in_database.get())) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (proto_path_.empty()) {
+    // If there are no --proto_path flags, then just look in the specified
+    // --descriptor_set_in files.  But first, verify that the input files are
+    // there.
+    if (!VerifyInputFilesInDescriptors(descriptor_set_in_database.get())) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    error_collector.reset(new ErrorPrinter(error_format_));
+    descriptor_pool.reset(new DescriptorPool(descriptor_set_in_database.get(),
+                                             error_collector.get()));
+  } else {
+    disk_source_tree.reset(new DiskSourceTree());
+    if (!InitializeDiskSourceTree(disk_source_tree.get(),
+                                  descriptor_set_in_database.get())) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    error_collector.reset(
+        new ErrorPrinter(error_format_, disk_source_tree.get()));
+
+    source_tree_database.reset(new SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase(
+        disk_source_tree.get(), descriptor_set_in_database.get()));
+    source_tree_database->RecordErrorsTo(error_collector.get());
+
+    descriptor_pool.reset(new DescriptorPool(
+        source_tree_database.get(),
+        source_tree_database->GetValidationErrorCollector()));
+  }
+
+  descriptor_pool->EnforceWeakDependencies(true);
+  if (!ParseInputFiles(descriptor_pool.get(), disk_source_tree.get(),
+                       &parsed_files)) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+
+  // We construct a separate GeneratorContext for each output location.  Note
+  // that two code generators may output to the same location, in which case
+  // they should share a single GeneratorContext so that OpenForInsert() works.
+  GeneratorContextMap output_directories;
+
+  // Generate output.
+  if (mode_ == MODE_COMPILE) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < output_directives_.size(); i++) {
+      std::string output_location = output_directives_[i].output_location;
+      if (!HasSuffixString(output_location, ".zip") &&
+          !HasSuffixString(output_location, ".jar")) {
+        AddTrailingSlash(&output_location);
+      }
+
+      auto& generator = output_directories[output_location];
+
+      if (!generator) {
+        // First time we've seen this output location.
+        generator.reset(new GeneratorContextImpl(parsed_files));
+      }
+
+      if (!GenerateOutput(parsed_files, output_directives_[i],
+                          generator.get())) {
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Write all output to disk.
+  for (const auto& pair : output_directories) {
+    const std::string& location = pair.first;
+    GeneratorContextImpl* directory = pair.second.get();
+    if (HasSuffixString(location, "/")) {
+      if (!directory->WriteAllToDisk(location)) {
+        return 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (HasSuffixString(location, ".jar")) {
+        directory->AddJarManifest();
+      }
+
+      if (!directory->WriteAllToZip(location)) {
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!dependency_out_name_.empty()) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(disk_source_tree.get());
+    if (!GenerateDependencyManifestFile(parsed_files, output_directories,
+                                        disk_source_tree.get())) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!descriptor_set_out_name_.empty()) {
+    if (!WriteDescriptorSet(parsed_files)) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (mode_ == MODE_ENCODE || mode_ == MODE_DECODE) {
+    if (codec_type_.empty()) {
+      // HACK:  Define an EmptyMessage type to use for decoding.
+      DescriptorPool pool;
+      FileDescriptorProto file;
+      file.set_name("empty_message.proto");
+      file.add_message_type()->set_name("EmptyMessage");
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(pool.BuildFile(file) != NULL);
+      codec_type_ = "EmptyMessage";
+      if (!EncodeOrDecode(&pool)) {
+        return 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (!EncodeOrDecode(descriptor_pool.get())) {
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (error_collector->FoundErrors()) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  if (mode_ == MODE_PRINT) {
+    switch (print_mode_) {
+      case PRINT_FREE_FIELDS:
+        for (int i = 0; i < parsed_files.size(); ++i) {
+          const FileDescriptor* fd = parsed_files[i];
+          for (int j = 0; j < fd->message_type_count(); ++j) {
+            PrintFreeFieldNumbers(fd->message_type(j));
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      case PRINT_NONE:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "If the code reaches here, it usually means a bug of "
+                      "flag parsing in the CommandLineInterface.";
+        return 1;
+
+        // Do not add a default case.
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::InitializeDiskSourceTree(
+    DiskSourceTree* source_tree, DescriptorDatabase* fallback_database) {
+  AddDefaultProtoPaths(&proto_path_);
+
+  // Set up the source tree.
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto_path_.size(); i++) {
+    source_tree->MapPath(proto_path_[i].first, proto_path_[i].second);
+  }
+
+  // Map input files to virtual paths if possible.
+  if (!MakeInputsBeProtoPathRelative(source_tree, fallback_database)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::PopulateSimpleDescriptorDatabase(
+    SimpleDescriptorDatabase* database) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_set_in_names_.size(); i++) {
+    int fd;
+    do {
+      fd = open(descriptor_set_in_names_[i].c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
+    } while (fd < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+      std::cerr << descriptor_set_in_names_[i] << ": " << strerror(ENOENT)
+                << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    FileDescriptorSet file_descriptor_set;
+    bool parsed = file_descriptor_set.ParseFromFileDescriptor(fd);
+    if (close(fd) != 0) {
+      std::cerr << descriptor_set_in_names_[i] << ": close: " << strerror(errno)
+                << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!parsed) {
+      std::cerr << descriptor_set_in_names_[i] << ": Unable to parse."
+                << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < file_descriptor_set.file_size(); j++) {
+      FileDescriptorProto previously_added_file_descriptor_proto;
+      if (database->FindFileByName(file_descriptor_set.file(j).name(),
+                                   &previously_added_file_descriptor_proto)) {
+        // already present - skip
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (!database->Add(file_descriptor_set.file(j))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::VerifyInputFilesInDescriptors(
+    DescriptorDatabase* database) {
+  for (const auto& input_file : input_files_) {
+    FileDescriptorProto file_descriptor;
+    if (!database->FindFileByName(input_file, &file_descriptor)) {
+      std::cerr << "Could not find file in descriptor database: " << input_file
+                << ": " << strerror(ENOENT) << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Enforce --disallow_services.
+    if (disallow_services_ && file_descriptor.service_size() > 0) {
+      std::cerr << file_descriptor.name()
+                << ": This file contains services, but "
+                   "--disallow_services was used."
+                << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::ParseInputFiles(
+    DescriptorPool* descriptor_pool, DiskSourceTree* source_tree,
+    std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>* parsed_files) {
+
+  // Track unused imports in all source files
+  for (const auto& input_file : input_files_) {
+    descriptor_pool->AddUnusedImportTrackFile(input_file);
+  }
+  bool result = true;
+  // Parse each file.
+  for (const auto& input_file : input_files_) {
+    // Import the file.
+    const FileDescriptor* parsed_file =
+        descriptor_pool->FindFileByName(input_file);
+    if (parsed_file == NULL) {
+      result = false;
+      break;
+    }
+    parsed_files->push_back(parsed_file);
+
+    // Enforce --disallow_services.
+    if (disallow_services_ && parsed_file->service_count() > 0) {
+      std::cerr << parsed_file->name()
+                << ": This file contains services, but "
+                   "--disallow_services was used."
+                << std::endl;
+      result = false;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // Enforce --direct_dependencies
+    if (direct_dependencies_explicitly_set_) {
+      bool indirect_imports = false;
+      for (int i = 0; i < parsed_file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+        if (direct_dependencies_.find(parsed_file->dependency(i)->name()) ==
+            direct_dependencies_.end()) {
+          indirect_imports = true;
+          std::cerr << parsed_file->name() << ": "
+                    << StringReplace(direct_dependencies_violation_msg_, "%s",
+                                     parsed_file->dependency(i)->name(),
+                                     true /* replace_all */)
+                    << std::endl;
+        }
+      }
+      if (indirect_imports) {
+        result = false;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  descriptor_pool->ClearUnusedImportTrackFiles();
+  return result;
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterface::Clear() {
+  // Clear all members that are set by Run().  Note that we must not clear
+  // members which are set by other methods before Run() is called.
+  executable_name_.clear();
+  proto_path_.clear();
+  input_files_.clear();
+  direct_dependencies_.clear();
+  direct_dependencies_violation_msg_ = kDefaultDirectDependenciesViolationMsg;
+  output_directives_.clear();
+  codec_type_.clear();
+  descriptor_set_in_names_.clear();
+  descriptor_set_out_name_.clear();
+  dependency_out_name_.clear();
+
+
+  mode_ = MODE_COMPILE;
+  print_mode_ = PRINT_NONE;
+  imports_in_descriptor_set_ = false;
+  source_info_in_descriptor_set_ = false;
+  disallow_services_ = false;
+  direct_dependencies_explicitly_set_ = false;
+}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::MakeProtoProtoPathRelative(
+    DiskSourceTree* source_tree, std::string* proto,
+    DescriptorDatabase* fallback_database) {
+  // If it's in the fallback db, don't report non-existent file errors.
+  FileDescriptorProto fallback_file;
+  bool in_fallback_database =
+      fallback_database != nullptr &&
+      fallback_database->FindFileByName(*proto, &fallback_file);
+
+  // If the input file path is not a physical file path, it must be a virtual
+  // path.
+  if (access(proto->c_str(), F_OK) < 0) {
+    std::string disk_file;
+    if (source_tree->VirtualFileToDiskFile(*proto, &disk_file) ||
+        in_fallback_database) {
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      std::cerr << "Could not make proto path relative: " << *proto << ": "
+                << strerror(ENOENT) << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string virtual_file, shadowing_disk_file;
+  switch (source_tree->DiskFileToVirtualFile(*proto, &virtual_file,
+                                             &shadowing_disk_file)) {
+    case DiskSourceTree::SUCCESS:
+      *proto = virtual_file;
+      break;
+    case DiskSourceTree::SHADOWED:
+      std::cerr << *proto << ": Input is shadowed in the --proto_path by \""
+                << shadowing_disk_file
+                << "\".  Either use the latter file as your input or reorder "
+                   "the --proto_path so that the former file's location "
+                   "comes first."
+                << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    case DiskSourceTree::CANNOT_OPEN:
+      if (in_fallback_database) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      std::cerr << "Could not map to virtual file: " << *proto << ": "
+                << strerror(errno) << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    case DiskSourceTree::NO_MAPPING: {
+      // Try to interpret the path as a virtual path.
+      std::string disk_file;
+      if (source_tree->VirtualFileToDiskFile(*proto, &disk_file) ||
+          in_fallback_database) {
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        // The input file path can't be mapped to any --proto_path and it also
+        // can't be interpreted as a virtual path.
+        std::cerr
+            << *proto
+            << ": File does not reside within any path "
+               "specified using --proto_path (or -I).  You must specify a "
+               "--proto_path which encompasses this file.  Note that the "
+               "proto_path must be an exact prefix of the .proto file "
+               "names -- protoc is too dumb to figure out when two paths "
+               "(e.g. absolute and relative) are equivalent (it's harder "
+               "than you think)."
+            << std::endl;
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::MakeInputsBeProtoPathRelative(
+    DiskSourceTree* source_tree, DescriptorDatabase* fallback_database) {
+  for (auto& input_file : input_files_) {
+    if (!MakeProtoProtoPathRelative(source_tree, &input_file,
+                                    fallback_database)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::ExpandArgumentFile(
+    const std::string& file, std::vector<std::string>* arguments) {
+  // The argument file is searched in the working directory only. We don't
+  // use the proto import path here.
+  std::ifstream file_stream(file.c_str());
+  if (!file_stream.is_open()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  std::string argument;
+  // We don't support any kind of shell expansion right now.
+  while (std::getline(file_stream, argument)) {
+    arguments->push_back(argument);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+CommandLineInterface::ParseArgumentStatus CommandLineInterface::ParseArguments(
+    int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
+  executable_name_ = argv[0];
+
+  std::vector<std::string> arguments;
+  for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
+    if (argv[i][0] == '@') {
+      if (!ExpandArgumentFile(argv[i] + 1, &arguments)) {
+        std::cerr << "Failed to open argument file: " << (argv[i] + 1)
+                  << std::endl;
+        return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    arguments.push_back(argv[i]);
+  }
+
+  // if no arguments are given, show help
+  if (arguments.empty()) {
+    PrintHelpText();
+    return PARSE_ARGUMENT_DONE_AND_EXIT;  // Exit without running compiler.
+  }
+
+  // Iterate through all arguments and parse them.
+  for (int i = 0; i < arguments.size(); ++i) {
+    std::string name, value;
+
+    if (ParseArgument(arguments[i].c_str(), &name, &value)) {
+      // Returned true => Use the next argument as the flag value.
+      if (i + 1 == arguments.size() || arguments[i + 1][0] == '-') {
+        std::cerr << "Missing value for flag: " << name << std::endl;
+        if (name == "--decode") {
+          std::cerr << "To decode an unknown message, use --decode_raw."
+                    << std::endl;
+        }
+        return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+      } else {
+        ++i;
+        value = arguments[i];
+      }
+    }
+
+    ParseArgumentStatus status = InterpretArgument(name, value);
+    if (status != PARSE_ARGUMENT_DONE_AND_CONTINUE) return status;
+  }
+
+  // Make sure each plugin option has a matching plugin output.
+  bool foundUnknownPluginOption = false;
+  for (std::map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator i =
+           plugin_parameters_.begin();
+       i != plugin_parameters_.end(); ++i) {
+    if (plugins_.find(i->first) != plugins_.end()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    bool foundImplicitPlugin = false;
+    for (std::vector<OutputDirective>::const_iterator j =
+             output_directives_.begin();
+         j != output_directives_.end(); ++j) {
+      if (j->generator == NULL) {
+        std::string plugin_name = PluginName(plugin_prefix_, j->name);
+        if (plugin_name == i->first) {
+          foundImplicitPlugin = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (!foundImplicitPlugin) {
+      std::cerr << "Unknown flag: "
+                // strip prefix + "gen-" and add back "_opt"
+                << "--" + i->first.substr(plugin_prefix_.size() + 4) + "_opt"
+                << std::endl;
+      foundUnknownPluginOption = true;
+    }
+  }
+  if (foundUnknownPluginOption) {
+    return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+  }
+
+  // The --proto_path & --descriptor_set_in flags both specify places to look
+  // for proto files. If neither were given, use the current working directory.
+  if (proto_path_.empty() && descriptor_set_in_names_.empty()) {
+    // Don't use make_pair as the old/default standard library on Solaris
+    // doesn't support it without explicit template parameters, which are
+    // incompatible with C++0x's make_pair.
+    proto_path_.push_back(std::pair<std::string, std::string>("", "."));
+  }
+
+  // Check some error cases.
+  bool decoding_raw = (mode_ == MODE_DECODE) && codec_type_.empty();
+  if (decoding_raw && !input_files_.empty()) {
+    std::cerr << "When using --decode_raw, no input files should be given."
+              << std::endl;
+    return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+  } else if (!decoding_raw && input_files_.empty()) {
+    std::cerr << "Missing input file." << std::endl;
+    return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+  }
+  if (mode_ == MODE_COMPILE && output_directives_.empty() &&
+      descriptor_set_out_name_.empty()) {
+    std::cerr << "Missing output directives." << std::endl;
+    return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+  }
+  if (mode_ != MODE_COMPILE && !dependency_out_name_.empty()) {
+    std::cerr << "Can only use --dependency_out=FILE when generating code."
+              << std::endl;
+    return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+  }
+  if (!dependency_out_name_.empty() && input_files_.size() > 1) {
+    std::cerr
+        << "Can only process one input file when using --dependency_out=FILE."
+        << std::endl;
+    return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+  }
+  if (imports_in_descriptor_set_ && descriptor_set_out_name_.empty()) {
+    std::cerr << "--include_imports only makes sense when combined with "
+                 "--descriptor_set_out."
+              << std::endl;
+  }
+  if (source_info_in_descriptor_set_ && descriptor_set_out_name_.empty()) {
+    std::cerr << "--include_source_info only makes sense when combined with "
+                 "--descriptor_set_out."
+              << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  return PARSE_ARGUMENT_DONE_AND_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::ParseArgument(const char* arg, std::string* name,
+                                         std::string* value) {
+  bool parsed_value = false;
+
+  if (arg[0] != '-') {
+    // Not a flag.
+    name->clear();
+    parsed_value = true;
+    *value = arg;
+  } else if (arg[1] == '-') {
+    // Two dashes:  Multi-character name, with '=' separating name and
+    //   value.
+    const char* equals_pos = strchr(arg, '=');
+    if (equals_pos != NULL) {
+      *name = std::string(arg, equals_pos - arg);
+      *value = equals_pos + 1;
+      parsed_value = true;
+    } else {
+      *name = arg;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // One dash:  One-character name, all subsequent characters are the
+    //   value.
+    if (arg[1] == '\0') {
+      // arg is just "-".  We treat this as an input file, except that at
+      // present this will just lead to a "file not found" error.
+      name->clear();
+      *value = arg;
+      parsed_value = true;
+    } else {
+      *name = std::string(arg, 2);
+      *value = arg + 2;
+      parsed_value = !value->empty();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Need to return true iff the next arg should be used as the value for this
+  // one, false otherwise.
+
+  if (parsed_value) {
+    // We already parsed a value for this flag.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (*name == "-h" || *name == "--help" || *name == "--disallow_services" ||
+      *name == "--include_imports" || *name == "--include_source_info" ||
+      *name == "--version" || *name == "--decode_raw" ||
+      *name == "--print_free_field_numbers") {
+    // HACK:  These are the only flags that don't take a value.
+    //   They probably should not be hard-coded like this but for now it's
+    //   not worth doing better.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Next argument is the flag value.
+  return true;
+}
+
+CommandLineInterface::ParseArgumentStatus
+CommandLineInterface::InterpretArgument(const std::string& name,
+                                        const std::string& value) {
+  if (name.empty()) {
+    // Not a flag.  Just a filename.
+    if (value.empty()) {
+      std::cerr
+          << "You seem to have passed an empty string as one of the "
+             "arguments to "
+          << executable_name_
+          << ".  This is actually "
+             "sort of hard to do.  Congrats.  Unfortunately it is not valid "
+             "input so the program is going to die now."
+          << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    // On Windows, the shell (typically cmd.exe) does not expand wildcards in
+    // file names (e.g. foo\*.proto), so we do it ourselves.
+    switch (google::protobuf::io::win32::ExpandWildcards(
+        value,
+        [this](const string& path) { this->input_files_.push_back(path); })) {
+      case google::protobuf::io::win32::ExpandWildcardsResult::kSuccess:
+        break;
+      case google::protobuf::io::win32::ExpandWildcardsResult::
+          kErrorNoMatchingFile:
+        // Path does not exist, is not a file, or it's longer than MAX_PATH and
+        // long path handling is disabled.
+        std::cerr << "Invalid file name pattern or missing input file \""
+                  << value << "\"" << std::endl;
+        return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+      default:
+        std::cerr << "Cannot convert path \"" << value
+                  << "\" to or from Windows style" << std::endl;
+        return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+#else   // not _WIN32
+    // On other platforms than Windows (e.g. Linux, Mac OS) the shell (typically
+    // Bash) expands wildcards.
+    input_files_.push_back(value);
+#endif  // _WIN32
+
+  } else if (name == "-I" || name == "--proto_path") {
+    // Java's -classpath (and some other languages) delimits path components
+    // with colons.  Let's accept that syntax too just to make things more
+    // intuitive.
+    std::vector<std::string> parts = Split(
+        value, CommandLineInterface::kPathSeparator,
+        true);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < parts.size(); i++) {
+      std::string virtual_path;
+      std::string disk_path;
+
+      std::string::size_type equals_pos = parts[i].find_first_of('=');
+      if (equals_pos == std::string::npos) {
+        virtual_path = "";
+        disk_path = parts[i];
+      } else {
+        virtual_path = parts[i].substr(0, equals_pos);
+        disk_path = parts[i].substr(equals_pos + 1);
+      }
+
+      if (disk_path.empty()) {
+        std::cerr
+            << "--proto_path passed empty directory name.  (Use \".\" for "
+               "current directory.)"
+            << std::endl;
+        return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+      }
+
+      // Make sure disk path exists, warn otherwise.
+      if (access(disk_path.c_str(), F_OK) < 0) {
+        // Try the original path; it may have just happened to have a '=' in it.
+        if (access(parts[i].c_str(), F_OK) < 0) {
+          std::cerr << disk_path << ": warning: directory does not exist."
+                    << std::endl;
+        } else {
+          virtual_path = "";
+          disk_path = parts[i];
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Don't use make_pair as the old/default standard library on Solaris
+      // doesn't support it without explicit template parameters, which are
+      // incompatible with C++0x's make_pair.
+      proto_path_.push_back(
+          std::pair<std::string, std::string>(virtual_path, disk_path));
+    }
+
+  } else if (name == "--direct_dependencies") {
+    if (direct_dependencies_explicitly_set_) {
+      std::cerr << name
+                << " may only be passed once. To specify multiple "
+                   "direct dependencies, pass them all as a single "
+                   "parameter separated by ':'."
+                << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+
+    direct_dependencies_explicitly_set_ = true;
+    std::vector<std::string> direct =
+        Split(value, ":", true);
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(direct_dependencies_.empty());
+    direct_dependencies_.insert(direct.begin(), direct.end());
+
+  } else if (name == "--direct_dependencies_violation_msg") {
+    direct_dependencies_violation_msg_ = value;
+
+  } else if (name == "--descriptor_set_in") {
+    if (!descriptor_set_in_names_.empty()) {
+      std::cerr << name
+                << " may only be passed once. To specify multiple "
+                   "descriptor sets, pass them all as a single "
+                   "parameter separated by '"
+                << CommandLineInterface::kPathSeparator << "'." << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    if (value.empty()) {
+      std::cerr << name << " requires a non-empty value." << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    if (!dependency_out_name_.empty()) {
+      std::cerr << name << " cannot be used with --dependency_out."
+                << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+
+    descriptor_set_in_names_ = Split(
+        value, CommandLineInterface::kPathSeparator,
+        true);
+
+  } else if (name == "-o" || name == "--descriptor_set_out") {
+    if (!descriptor_set_out_name_.empty()) {
+      std::cerr << name << " may only be passed once." << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    if (value.empty()) {
+      std::cerr << name << " requires a non-empty value." << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    if (mode_ != MODE_COMPILE) {
+      std::cerr
+          << "Cannot use --encode or --decode and generate descriptors at the "
+             "same time."
+          << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    descriptor_set_out_name_ = value;
+
+  } else if (name == "--dependency_out") {
+    if (!dependency_out_name_.empty()) {
+      std::cerr << name << " may only be passed once." << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    if (value.empty()) {
+      std::cerr << name << " requires a non-empty value." << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    if (!descriptor_set_in_names_.empty()) {
+      std::cerr << name << " cannot be used with --descriptor_set_in."
+                << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    dependency_out_name_ = value;
+
+  } else if (name == "--include_imports") {
+    if (imports_in_descriptor_set_) {
+      std::cerr << name << " may only be passed once." << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    imports_in_descriptor_set_ = true;
+
+  } else if (name == "--include_source_info") {
+    if (source_info_in_descriptor_set_) {
+      std::cerr << name << " may only be passed once." << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    source_info_in_descriptor_set_ = true;
+
+  } else if (name == "-h" || name == "--help") {
+    PrintHelpText();
+    return PARSE_ARGUMENT_DONE_AND_EXIT;  // Exit without running compiler.
+
+  } else if (name == "--version") {
+    if (!version_info_.empty()) {
+      std::cout << version_info_ << std::endl;
+    }
+    std::cout << "libprotoc " << internal::VersionString(PROTOBUF_VERSION)
+              << std::endl;
+    return PARSE_ARGUMENT_DONE_AND_EXIT;  // Exit without running compiler.
+
+  } else if (name == "--disallow_services") {
+    disallow_services_ = true;
+
+  } else if (name == "--encode" || name == "--decode" ||
+             name == "--decode_raw") {
+    if (mode_ != MODE_COMPILE) {
+      std::cerr << "Only one of --encode and --decode can be specified."
+                << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    if (!output_directives_.empty() || !descriptor_set_out_name_.empty()) {
+      std::cerr << "Cannot use " << name
+                << " and generate code or descriptors at the same time."
+                << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+
+    mode_ = (name == "--encode") ? MODE_ENCODE : MODE_DECODE;
+
+    if (value.empty() && name != "--decode_raw") {
+      std::cerr << "Type name for " << name << " cannot be blank." << std::endl;
+      if (name == "--decode") {
+        std::cerr << "To decode an unknown message, use --decode_raw."
+                  << std::endl;
+      }
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    } else if (!value.empty() && name == "--decode_raw") {
+      std::cerr << "--decode_raw does not take a parameter." << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+
+    codec_type_ = value;
+
+  } else if (name == "--error_format") {
+    if (value == "gcc") {
+      error_format_ = ERROR_FORMAT_GCC;
+    } else if (value == "msvs") {
+      error_format_ = ERROR_FORMAT_MSVS;
+    } else {
+      std::cerr << "Unknown error format: " << value << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+
+  } else if (name == "--plugin") {
+    if (plugin_prefix_.empty()) {
+      std::cerr << "This compiler does not support plugins." << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+
+    std::string plugin_name;
+    std::string path;
+
+    std::string::size_type equals_pos = value.find_first_of('=');
+    if (equals_pos == std::string::npos) {
+      // Use the basename of the file.
+      std::string::size_type slash_pos = value.find_last_of('/');
+      if (slash_pos == std::string::npos) {
+        plugin_name = value;
+      } else {
+        plugin_name = value.substr(slash_pos + 1);
+      }
+      path = value;
+    } else {
+      plugin_name = value.substr(0, equals_pos);
+      path = value.substr(equals_pos + 1);
+    }
+
+    plugins_[plugin_name] = path;
+
+  } else if (name == "--print_free_field_numbers") {
+    if (mode_ != MODE_COMPILE) {
+      std::cerr << "Cannot use " << name
+                << " and use --encode, --decode or print "
+                << "other info at the same time." << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    if (!output_directives_.empty() || !descriptor_set_out_name_.empty()) {
+      std::cerr << "Cannot use " << name
+                << " and generate code or descriptors at the same time."
+                << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    mode_ = MODE_PRINT;
+    print_mode_ = PRINT_FREE_FIELDS;
+  } else {
+    // Some other flag.  Look it up in the generators list.
+    const GeneratorInfo* generator_info =
+        FindOrNull(generators_by_flag_name_, name);
+    if (generator_info == NULL &&
+        (plugin_prefix_.empty() || !HasSuffixString(name, "_out"))) {
+      // Check if it's a generator option flag.
+      generator_info = FindOrNull(generators_by_option_name_, name);
+      if (generator_info != NULL) {
+        std::string* parameters =
+            &generator_parameters_[generator_info->flag_name];
+        if (!parameters->empty()) {
+          parameters->append(",");
+        }
+        parameters->append(value);
+      } else if (HasPrefixString(name, "--") && HasSuffixString(name, "_opt")) {
+        std::string* parameters =
+            &plugin_parameters_[PluginName(plugin_prefix_, name)];
+        if (!parameters->empty()) {
+          parameters->append(",");
+        }
+        parameters->append(value);
+      } else {
+        std::cerr << "Unknown flag: " << name << std::endl;
+        return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // It's an output flag.  Add it to the output directives.
+      if (mode_ != MODE_COMPILE) {
+        std::cerr << "Cannot use --encode, --decode or print .proto info and "
+                     "generate code at the same time."
+                  << std::endl;
+        return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+      }
+
+      OutputDirective directive;
+      directive.name = name;
+      if (generator_info == NULL) {
+        directive.generator = NULL;
+      } else {
+        directive.generator = generator_info->generator;
+      }
+
+      // Split value at ':' to separate the generator parameter from the
+      // filename.  However, avoid doing this if the colon is part of a valid
+      // Windows-style absolute path.
+      std::string::size_type colon_pos = value.find_first_of(':');
+      if (colon_pos == std::string::npos || IsWindowsAbsolutePath(value)) {
+        directive.output_location = value;
+      } else {
+        directive.parameter = value.substr(0, colon_pos);
+        directive.output_location = value.substr(colon_pos + 1);
+      }
+
+      output_directives_.push_back(directive);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return PARSE_ARGUMENT_DONE_AND_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterface::PrintHelpText() {
+  // Sorry for indentation here; line wrapping would be uglier.
+  std::cout
+      <<
+      "Usage: " << executable_name_
+      << " [OPTION] PROTO_FILES\n"
+         "Parse PROTO_FILES and generate output based on the options given:\n"
+         "  -IPATH, --proto_path=PATH   Specify the directory in which to "
+         "search for\n"
+         "                              imports.  May be specified multiple "
+         "times;\n"
+         "                              directories will be searched in order. "
+         " If not\n"
+         "                              given, the current working directory "
+         "is used.\n"
+         "                              If not found in any of the these "
+         "directories,\n"
+         "                              the --descriptor_set_in descriptors "
+         "will be\n"
+         "                              checked for required proto file.\n"
+         "  --version                   Show version info and exit.\n"
+         "  -h, --help                  Show this text and exit.\n"
+         "  --encode=MESSAGE_TYPE       Read a text-format message of the "
+         "given type\n"
+         "                              from standard input and write it in "
+         "binary\n"
+         "                              to standard output.  The message type "
+         "must\n"
+         "                              be defined in PROTO_FILES or their "
+         "imports.\n"
+         "  --decode=MESSAGE_TYPE       Read a binary message of the given "
+         "type from\n"
+         "                              standard input and write it in text "
+         "format\n"
+         "                              to standard output.  The message type "
+         "must\n"
+         "                              be defined in PROTO_FILES or their "
+         "imports.\n"
+         "  --decode_raw                Read an arbitrary protocol message "
+         "from\n"
+         "                              standard input and write the raw "
+         "tag/value\n"
+         "                              pairs in text format to standard "
+         "output.  No\n"
+         "                              PROTO_FILES should be given when using "
+         "this\n"
+         "                              flag.\n"
+         "  --descriptor_set_in=FILES   Specifies a delimited list of FILES\n"
+         "                              each containing a FileDescriptorSet "
+         "(a\n"
+         "                              protocol buffer defined in "
+         "descriptor.proto).\n"
+         "                              The FileDescriptor for each of the "
+         "PROTO_FILES\n"
+         "                              provided will be loaded from these\n"
+         "                              FileDescriptorSets. If a "
+         "FileDescriptor\n"
+         "                              appears multiple times, the first "
+         "occurrence\n"
+         "                              will be used.\n"
+         "  -oFILE,                     Writes a FileDescriptorSet (a protocol "
+         "buffer,\n"
+         "    --descriptor_set_out=FILE defined in descriptor.proto) "
+         "containing all of\n"
+         "                              the input files to FILE.\n"
+         "  --include_imports           When using --descriptor_set_out, also "
+         "include\n"
+         "                              all dependencies of the input files in "
+         "the\n"
+         "                              set, so that the set is "
+         "self-contained.\n"
+         "  --include_source_info       When using --descriptor_set_out, do "
+         "not strip\n"
+         "                              SourceCodeInfo from the "
+         "FileDescriptorProto.\n"
+         "                              This results in vastly larger "
+         "descriptors that\n"
+         "                              include information about the "
+         "original\n"
+         "                              location of each decl in the source "
+         "file as\n"
+         "                              well as surrounding comments.\n"
+         "  --dependency_out=FILE       Write a dependency output file in the "
+         "format\n"
+         "                              expected by make. This writes the "
+         "transitive\n"
+         "                              set of input file paths to FILE\n"
+         "  --error_format=FORMAT       Set the format in which to print "
+         "errors.\n"
+         "                              FORMAT may be 'gcc' (the default) or "
+         "'msvs'\n"
+         "                              (Microsoft Visual Studio format).\n"
+         "  --print_free_field_numbers  Print the free field numbers of the "
+         "messages\n"
+         "                              defined in the given proto files. "
+         "Groups share\n"
+         "                              the same field number space with the "
+         "parent \n"
+         "                              message. Extension ranges are counted "
+         "as \n"
+         "                              occupied fields numbers.\n"
+      << std::endl;
+  if (!plugin_prefix_.empty()) {
+    std::cout
+        << "  --plugin=EXECUTABLE         Specifies a plugin executable to "
+           "use.\n"
+           "                              Normally, protoc searches the PATH "
+           "for\n"
+           "                              plugins, but you may specify "
+           "additional\n"
+           "                              executables not in the path using "
+           "this flag.\n"
+           "                              Additionally, EXECUTABLE may be of "
+           "the form\n"
+           "                              NAME=PATH, in which case the given "
+           "plugin name\n"
+           "                              is mapped to the given executable "
+           "even if\n"
+           "                              the executable's own name differs."
+        << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  for (GeneratorMap::iterator iter = generators_by_flag_name_.begin();
+       iter != generators_by_flag_name_.end(); ++iter) {
+    // FIXME(kenton):  If the text is long enough it will wrap, which is ugly,
+    //   but fixing this nicely (e.g. splitting on spaces) is probably more
+    //   trouble than it's worth.
+    std::cout << "  " << iter->first << "=OUT_DIR "
+              << std::string(19 - iter->first.size(),
+                             ' ')  // Spaces for alignment.
+              << iter->second.help_text << std::endl;
+  }
+  std::cout << "  @<filename>                 Read options and filenames from "
+               "file. If a\n"
+               "                              relative file path is specified, "
+               "the file\n"
+               "                              will be searched in the working "
+               "directory.\n"
+               "                              The --proto_path option will not "
+               "affect how\n"
+               "                              this argument file is searched. "
+               "Content of\n"
+               "                              the file will be expanded in the "
+               "position of\n"
+               "                              @<filename> as in the argument "
+               "list. Note\n"
+               "                              that shell expansion is not "
+               "applied to the\n"
+               "                              content of the file (i.e., you "
+               "cannot use\n"
+               "                              quotes, wildcards, escapes, "
+               "commands, etc.).\n"
+               "                              Each line corresponds to a "
+               "single argument,\n"
+               "                              even if it contains spaces."
+            << std::endl;
+}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::GenerateOutput(
+    const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files,
+    const OutputDirective& output_directive,
+    GeneratorContext* generator_context) {
+  // Call the generator.
+  std::string error;
+  if (output_directive.generator == NULL) {
+    // This is a plugin.
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(HasPrefixString(output_directive.name, "--") &&
+          HasSuffixString(output_directive.name, "_out"))
+        << "Bad name for plugin generator: " << output_directive.name;
+
+    std::string plugin_name = PluginName(plugin_prefix_, output_directive.name);
+    std::string parameters = output_directive.parameter;
+    if (!plugin_parameters_[plugin_name].empty()) {
+      if (!parameters.empty()) {
+        parameters.append(",");
+      }
+      parameters.append(plugin_parameters_[plugin_name]);
+    }
+    if (!GeneratePluginOutput(parsed_files, plugin_name, parameters,
+                              generator_context, &error)) {
+      std::cerr << output_directive.name << ": " << error << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Regular generator.
+    std::string parameters = output_directive.parameter;
+    if (!generator_parameters_[output_directive.name].empty()) {
+      if (!parameters.empty()) {
+        parameters.append(",");
+      }
+      parameters.append(generator_parameters_[output_directive.name]);
+    }
+    if (!output_directive.generator->GenerateAll(parsed_files, parameters,
+                                                 generator_context, &error)) {
+      // Generator returned an error.
+      std::cerr << output_directive.name << ": " << error << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::GenerateDependencyManifestFile(
+    const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files,
+    const GeneratorContextMap& output_directories,
+    DiskSourceTree* source_tree) {
+  FileDescriptorSet file_set;
+
+  std::set<const FileDescriptor*> already_seen;
+  for (int i = 0; i < parsed_files.size(); i++) {
+    GetTransitiveDependencies(parsed_files[i], false, false, &already_seen,
+                              file_set.mutable_file());
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::string> output_filenames;
+  for (const auto& pair : output_directories) {
+    const std::string& location = pair.first;
+    GeneratorContextImpl* directory = pair.second.get();
+    std::vector<std::string> relative_output_filenames;
+    directory->GetOutputFilenames(&relative_output_filenames);
+    for (int i = 0; i < relative_output_filenames.size(); i++) {
+      std::string output_filename = location + relative_output_filenames[i];
+      if (output_filename.compare(0, 2, "./") == 0) {
+        output_filename = output_filename.substr(2);
+      }
+      output_filenames.push_back(output_filename);
+    }
+  }
+
+  int fd;
+  do {
+    fd = open(dependency_out_name_.c_str(),
+              O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY, 0666);
+  } while (fd < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+
+  if (fd < 0) {
+    perror(dependency_out_name_.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  io::FileOutputStream out(fd);
+  io::Printer printer(&out, '$');
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < output_filenames.size(); i++) {
+    printer.Print(output_filenames[i].c_str());
+    if (i == output_filenames.size() - 1) {
+      printer.Print(":");
+    } else {
+      printer.Print(" \\\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_set.file_size(); i++) {
+    const FileDescriptorProto& file = file_set.file(i);
+    const std::string& virtual_file = file.name();
+    std::string disk_file;
+    if (source_tree &&
+        source_tree->VirtualFileToDiskFile(virtual_file, &disk_file)) {
+      printer.Print(" $disk_file$", "disk_file", disk_file);
+      if (i < file_set.file_size() - 1) printer.Print("\\\n");
+    } else {
+      std::cerr << "Unable to identify path for file " << virtual_file
+                << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::GeneratePluginOutput(
+    const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files,
+    const std::string& plugin_name, const std::string& parameter,
+    GeneratorContext* generator_context, std::string* error) {
+  CodeGeneratorRequest request;
+  CodeGeneratorResponse response;
+  std::string processed_parameter = parameter;
+
+
+  // Build the request.
+  if (!processed_parameter.empty()) {
+    request.set_parameter(processed_parameter);
+  }
+
+
+  std::set<const FileDescriptor*> already_seen;
+  for (int i = 0; i < parsed_files.size(); i++) {
+    request.add_file_to_generate(parsed_files[i]->name());
+    GetTransitiveDependencies(parsed_files[i],
+                              true,  // Include json_name for plugins.
+                              true,  // Include source code info.
+                              &already_seen, request.mutable_proto_file());
+  }
+
+  google::protobuf::compiler::Version* version =
+      request.mutable_compiler_version();
+  version->set_major(PROTOBUF_VERSION / 1000000);
+  version->set_minor(PROTOBUF_VERSION / 1000 % 1000);
+  version->set_patch(PROTOBUF_VERSION % 1000);
+  version->set_suffix(PROTOBUF_VERSION_SUFFIX);
+
+  // Invoke the plugin.
+  Subprocess subprocess;
+
+  if (plugins_.count(plugin_name) > 0) {
+    subprocess.Start(plugins_[plugin_name], Subprocess::EXACT_NAME);
+  } else {
+    subprocess.Start(plugin_name, Subprocess::SEARCH_PATH);
+  }
+
+  std::string communicate_error;
+  if (!subprocess.Communicate(request, &response, &communicate_error)) {
+    *error = strings::Substitute("$0: $1", plugin_name, communicate_error);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Write the files.  We do this even if there was a generator error in order
+  // to match the behavior of a compiled-in generator.
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> current_output;
+  for (int i = 0; i < response.file_size(); i++) {
+    const CodeGeneratorResponse::File& output_file = response.file(i);
+
+    if (!output_file.insertion_point().empty()) {
+      std::string filename = output_file.name();
+      // Open a file for insert.
+      // We reset current_output to NULL first so that the old file is closed
+      // before the new one is opened.
+      current_output.reset();
+      current_output.reset(generator_context->OpenForInsert(
+          filename, output_file.insertion_point()));
+    } else if (!output_file.name().empty()) {
+      // Starting a new file.  Open it.
+      // We reset current_output to NULL first so that the old file is closed
+      // before the new one is opened.
+      current_output.reset();
+      current_output.reset(generator_context->Open(output_file.name()));
+    } else if (current_output == NULL) {
+      *error = strings::Substitute(
+          "$0: First file chunk returned by plugin did not specify a file "
+          "name.",
+          plugin_name);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Use CodedOutputStream for convenience; otherwise we'd need to provide
+    // our own buffer-copying loop.
+    io::CodedOutputStream writer(current_output.get());
+    writer.WriteString(output_file.content());
+  }
+
+  // Check for errors.
+  if (!response.error().empty()) {
+    // Generator returned an error.
+    *error = response.error();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::EncodeOrDecode(const DescriptorPool* pool) {
+  // Look up the type.
+  const Descriptor* type = pool->FindMessageTypeByName(codec_type_);
+  if (type == NULL) {
+    std::cerr << "Type not defined: " << codec_type_ << std::endl;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  DynamicMessageFactory dynamic_factory(pool);
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message(dynamic_factory.GetPrototype(type)->New());
+
+  if (mode_ == MODE_ENCODE) {
+    SetFdToTextMode(STDIN_FILENO);
+    SetFdToBinaryMode(STDOUT_FILENO);
+  } else {
+    SetFdToBinaryMode(STDIN_FILENO);
+    SetFdToTextMode(STDOUT_FILENO);
+  }
+
+  io::FileInputStream in(STDIN_FILENO);
+  io::FileOutputStream out(STDOUT_FILENO);
+
+  if (mode_ == MODE_ENCODE) {
+    // Input is text.
+    ErrorPrinter error_collector(error_format_);
+    TextFormat::Parser parser;
+    parser.RecordErrorsTo(&error_collector);
+    parser.AllowPartialMessage(true);
+
+    if (!parser.Parse(&in, message.get())) {
+      std::cerr << "Failed to parse input." << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Input is binary.
+    if (!message->ParsePartialFromZeroCopyStream(&in)) {
+      std::cerr << "Failed to parse input." << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!message->IsInitialized()) {
+    std::cerr << "warning:  Input message is missing required fields:  "
+              << message->InitializationErrorString() << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  if (mode_ == MODE_ENCODE) {
+    // Output is binary.
+    if (!message->SerializePartialToZeroCopyStream(&out)) {
+      std::cerr << "output: I/O error." << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Output is text.
+    if (!TextFormat::Print(*message, &out)) {
+      std::cerr << "output: I/O error." << std::endl;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::WriteDescriptorSet(
+    const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files) {
+  FileDescriptorSet file_set;
+
+  std::set<const FileDescriptor*> already_seen;
+  if (!imports_in_descriptor_set_) {
+    // Since we don't want to output transitive dependencies, but we do want
+    // things to be in dependency order, add all dependencies that aren't in
+    // parsed_files to already_seen.  This will short circuit the recursion
+    // in GetTransitiveDependencies.
+    std::set<const FileDescriptor*> to_output;
+    to_output.insert(parsed_files.begin(), parsed_files.end());
+    for (int i = 0; i < parsed_files.size(); i++) {
+      const FileDescriptor* file = parsed_files[i];
+      for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+        const FileDescriptor* dependency = file->dependency(i);
+        // if the dependency isn't in parsed files, mark it as already seen
+        if (to_output.find(dependency) == to_output.end()) {
+          already_seen.insert(dependency);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < parsed_files.size(); i++) {
+    GetTransitiveDependencies(parsed_files[i],
+                              true,  // Include json_name
+                              source_info_in_descriptor_set_, &already_seen,
+                              file_set.mutable_file());
+  }
+
+  int fd;
+  do {
+    fd = open(descriptor_set_out_name_.c_str(),
+              O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY, 0666);
+  } while (fd < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+
+  if (fd < 0) {
+    perror(descriptor_set_out_name_.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  io::FileOutputStream out(fd);
+  if (!file_set.SerializeToZeroCopyStream(&out)) {
+    std::cerr << descriptor_set_out_name_ << ": " << strerror(out.GetErrno())
+              << std::endl;
+    out.Close();
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!out.Close()) {
+    std::cerr << descriptor_set_out_name_ << ": " << strerror(out.GetErrno())
+              << std::endl;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterface::GetTransitiveDependencies(
+    const FileDescriptor* file, bool include_json_name,
+    bool include_source_code_info,
+    std::set<const FileDescriptor*>* already_seen,
+    RepeatedPtrField<FileDescriptorProto>* output) {
+  if (!already_seen->insert(file).second) {
+    // Already saw this file.  Skip.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Add all dependencies.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    GetTransitiveDependencies(file->dependency(i), include_json_name,
+                              include_source_code_info, already_seen, output);
+  }
+
+  // Add this file.
+  FileDescriptorProto* new_descriptor = output->Add();
+  file->CopyTo(new_descriptor);
+  if (include_json_name) {
+    file->CopyJsonNameTo(new_descriptor);
+  }
+  if (include_source_code_info) {
+    file->CopySourceCodeInfoTo(new_descriptor);
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Utility function for PrintFreeFieldNumbers.
+// Stores occupied ranges into the ranges parameter, and next level of sub
+// message types into the nested_messages parameter.  The FieldRange is left
+// inclusive, right exclusive. i.e. [a, b).
+//
+// Nested Messages:
+// Note that it only stores the nested message type, iff the nested type is
+// either a direct child of the given descriptor, or the nested type is a
+// decendent of the given descriptor and all the nodes between the
+// nested type and the given descriptor are group types. e.g.
+//
+// message Foo {
+//   message Bar {
+//     message NestedBar {}
+//   }
+//   group Baz = 1 {
+//     group NestedBazGroup = 2 {
+//       message Quz {
+//         message NestedQuz {}
+//       }
+//     }
+//     message NestedBaz {}
+//   }
+// }
+//
+// In this case, Bar, Quz and NestedBaz will be added into the nested types.
+// Since free field numbers of group types will not be printed, this makes sure
+// the nested message types in groups will not be dropped. The nested_messages
+// parameter will contain the direct children (when groups are ignored in the
+// tree) of the given descriptor for the caller to traverse. The declaration
+// order of the nested messages is also preserved.
+typedef std::pair<int, int> FieldRange;
+void GatherOccupiedFieldRanges(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, std::set<FieldRange>* ranges,
+    std::vector<const Descriptor*>* nested_messages) {
+  std::set<const Descriptor*> groups;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* fd = descriptor->field(i);
+    ranges->insert(FieldRange(fd->number(), fd->number() + 1));
+    if (fd->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+      groups.insert(fd->message_type());
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->extension_range_count(); ++i) {
+    ranges->insert(FieldRange(descriptor->extension_range(i)->start,
+                              descriptor->extension_range(i)->end));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->reserved_range_count(); ++i) {
+    ranges->insert(FieldRange(descriptor->reserved_range(i)->start,
+                              descriptor->reserved_range(i)->end));
+  }
+  // Handle the nested messages/groups in declaration order to make it
+  // post-order strict.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    const Descriptor* nested_desc = descriptor->nested_type(i);
+    if (groups.find(nested_desc) != groups.end()) {
+      GatherOccupiedFieldRanges(nested_desc, ranges, nested_messages);
+    } else {
+      nested_messages->push_back(nested_desc);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Utility function for PrintFreeFieldNumbers.
+// Actually prints the formatted free field numbers for given message name and
+// occupied ranges.
+void FormatFreeFieldNumbers(const std::string& name,
+                            const std::set<FieldRange>& ranges) {
+  std::string output;
+  StringAppendF(&output, "%-35s free:", name.c_str());
+  int next_free_number = 1;
+  for (std::set<FieldRange>::const_iterator i = ranges.begin();
+       i != ranges.end(); ++i) {
+    // This happens when groups re-use parent field numbers, in which
+    // case we skip the FieldRange entirely.
+    if (next_free_number >= i->second) continue;
+
+    if (next_free_number < i->first) {
+      if (next_free_number + 1 == i->first) {
+        // Singleton
+        StringAppendF(&output, " %d", next_free_number);
+      } else {
+        // Range
+        StringAppendF(&output, " %d-%d", next_free_number, i->first - 1);
+      }
+    }
+    next_free_number = i->second;
+  }
+  if (next_free_number <= FieldDescriptor::kMaxNumber) {
+    StringAppendF(&output, " %d-INF", next_free_number);
+  }
+  std::cout << output << std::endl;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void CommandLineInterface::PrintFreeFieldNumbers(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  std::set<FieldRange> ranges;
+  std::vector<const Descriptor*> nested_messages;
+  GatherOccupiedFieldRanges(descriptor, &ranges, &nested_messages);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < nested_messages.size(); ++i) {
+    PrintFreeFieldNumbers(nested_messages[i]);
+  }
+  FormatFreeFieldNumbers(descriptor->full_name(), ranges);
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9449fa397
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h
@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Implements the Protocol Compiler front-end such that it may be reused by
+// custom compilers written to support other languages.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_COMMAND_LINE_INTERFACE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_COMMAND_LINE_INTERFACE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Descriptor;           // descriptor.h
+class DescriptorDatabase;   // descriptor_database.h
+class DescriptorPool;       // descriptor.h
+class FileDescriptor;       // descriptor.h
+class FileDescriptorSet;    // descriptor.h
+class FileDescriptorProto;  // descriptor.pb.h
+template <typename T>
+class RepeatedPtrField;          // repeated_field.h
+class SimpleDescriptorDatabase;  // descriptor_database.h
+
+namespace compiler {
+
+class CodeGenerator;     // code_generator.h
+class GeneratorContext;  // code_generator.h
+class DiskSourceTree;    // importer.h
+
+// This class implements the command-line interface to the protocol compiler.
+// It is designed to make it very easy to create a custom protocol compiler
+// supporting the languages of your choice.  For example, if you wanted to
+// create a custom protocol compiler binary which includes both the regular
+// C++ support plus support for your own custom output "Foo", you would
+// write a class "FooGenerator" which implements the CodeGenerator interface,
+// then write a main() procedure like this:
+//
+//   int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+//     google::protobuf::compiler::CommandLineInterface cli;
+//
+//     // Support generation of C++ source and headers.
+//     google::protobuf::compiler::cpp::CppGenerator cpp_generator;
+//     cli.RegisterGenerator("--cpp_out", &cpp_generator,
+//       "Generate C++ source and header.");
+//
+//     // Support generation of Foo code.
+//     FooGenerator foo_generator;
+//     cli.RegisterGenerator("--foo_out", &foo_generator,
+//       "Generate Foo file.");
+//
+//     return cli.Run(argc, argv);
+//   }
+//
+// The compiler is invoked with syntax like:
+//   protoc --cpp_out=outdir --foo_out=outdir --proto_path=src src/foo.proto
+//
+// The .proto file to compile can be specified on the command line using either
+// its physical file path, or a virtual path relative to a diretory specified
+// in --proto_path. For example, for src/foo.proto, the following two protoc
+// invocations work the same way:
+//   1. protoc --proto_path=src src/foo.proto (physical file path)
+//   2. protoc --proto_path=src foo.proto (virtual path relative to src)
+//
+// If a file path can be interpreted both as a physical file path and as a
+// relative virtual path, the physical file path takes precendence.
+//
+// For a full description of the command-line syntax, invoke it with --help.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT CommandLineInterface {
+ public:
+  static const char* const kPathSeparator;
+
+  CommandLineInterface();
+  ~CommandLineInterface();
+
+  // Register a code generator for a language.
+  //
+  // Parameters:
+  // * flag_name: The command-line flag used to specify an output file of
+  //   this type.  The name must start with a '-'.  If the name is longer
+  //   than one letter, it must start with two '-'s.
+  // * generator: The CodeGenerator which will be called to generate files
+  //   of this type.
+  // * help_text: Text describing this flag in the --help output.
+  //
+  // Some generators accept extra parameters.  You can specify this parameter
+  // on the command-line by placing it before the output directory, separated
+  // by a colon:
+  //   protoc --foo_out=enable_bar:outdir
+  // The text before the colon is passed to CodeGenerator::Generate() as the
+  // "parameter".
+  void RegisterGenerator(const std::string& flag_name, CodeGenerator* generator,
+                         const std::string& help_text);
+
+  // Register a code generator for a language.
+  // Besides flag_name you can specify another option_flag_name that could be
+  // used to pass extra parameters to the registered code generator.
+  // Suppose you have registered a generator by calling:
+  //   command_line_interface.RegisterGenerator("--foo_out", "--foo_opt", ...)
+  // Then you could invoke the compiler with a command like:
+  //   protoc --foo_out=enable_bar:outdir --foo_opt=enable_baz
+  // This will pass "enable_bar,enable_baz" as the parameter to the generator.
+  void RegisterGenerator(const std::string& flag_name,
+                         const std::string& option_flag_name,
+                         CodeGenerator* generator,
+                         const std::string& help_text);
+
+  // Enables "plugins".  In this mode, if a command-line flag ends with "_out"
+  // but does not match any registered generator, the compiler will attempt to
+  // find a "plugin" to implement the generator.  Plugins are just executables.
+  // They should live somewhere in the PATH.
+  //
+  // The compiler determines the executable name to search for by concatenating
+  // exe_name_prefix with the unrecognized flag name, removing "_out".  So, for
+  // example, if exe_name_prefix is "protoc-" and you pass the flag --foo_out,
+  // the compiler will try to run the program "protoc-gen-foo".
+  //
+  // The plugin program should implement the following usage:
+  //   plugin [--out=OUTDIR] [--parameter=PARAMETER] PROTO_FILES < DESCRIPTORS
+  // --out indicates the output directory (as passed to the --foo_out
+  // parameter); if omitted, the current directory should be used.  --parameter
+  // gives the generator parameter, if any was provided (see below).  The
+  // PROTO_FILES list the .proto files which were given on the compiler
+  // command-line; these are the files for which the plugin is expected to
+  // generate output code.  Finally, DESCRIPTORS is an encoded FileDescriptorSet
+  // (as defined in descriptor.proto).  This is piped to the plugin's stdin.
+  // The set will include descriptors for all the files listed in PROTO_FILES as
+  // well as all files that they import.  The plugin MUST NOT attempt to read
+  // the PROTO_FILES directly -- it must use the FileDescriptorSet.
+  //
+  // The plugin should generate whatever files are necessary, as code generators
+  // normally do.  It should write the names of all files it generates to
+  // stdout.  The names should be relative to the output directory, NOT absolute
+  // names or relative to the current directory.  If any errors occur, error
+  // messages should be written to stderr.  If an error is fatal, the plugin
+  // should exit with a non-zero exit code.
+  //
+  // Plugins can have generator parameters similar to normal built-in
+  // generators. Extra generator parameters can be passed in via a matching
+  // "_opt" parameter. For example:
+  //   protoc --plug_out=enable_bar:outdir --plug_opt=enable_baz
+  // This will pass "enable_bar,enable_baz" as the parameter to the plugin.
+  //
+  void AllowPlugins(const std::string& exe_name_prefix);
+
+  // Run the Protocol Compiler with the given command-line parameters.
+  // Returns the error code which should be returned by main().
+  //
+  // It may not be safe to call Run() in a multi-threaded environment because
+  // it calls strerror().  I'm not sure why you'd want to do this anyway.
+  int Run(int argc, const char* const argv[]);
+
+  // DEPRECATED. Calling this method has no effect. Protocol compiler now
+  // always try to find the .proto file relative to the current directory
+  // first and if the file is not found, it will then treat the input path
+  // as a virutal path.
+  void SetInputsAreProtoPathRelative(bool /* enable */) {}
+
+  // Provides some text which will be printed when the --version flag is
+  // used.  The version of libprotoc will also be printed on the next line
+  // after this text.
+  void SetVersionInfo(const std::string& text) { version_info_ = text; }
+
+
+ private:
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  class ErrorPrinter;
+  class GeneratorContextImpl;
+  class MemoryOutputStream;
+  typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<GeneratorContextImpl>>
+      GeneratorContextMap;
+
+  // Clear state from previous Run().
+  void Clear();
+
+  // Remaps the proto file so that it is relative to one of the directories
+  // in proto_path_.  Returns false if an error occurred.
+  bool MakeProtoProtoPathRelative(DiskSourceTree* source_tree,
+                                  std::string* proto,
+                                  DescriptorDatabase* fallback_database);
+
+  // Remaps each file in input_files_ so that it is relative to one of the
+  // directories in proto_path_.  Returns false if an error occurred.
+  bool MakeInputsBeProtoPathRelative(DiskSourceTree* source_tree,
+                                     DescriptorDatabase* fallback_database);
+
+
+  // Return status for ParseArguments() and InterpretArgument().
+  enum ParseArgumentStatus {
+    PARSE_ARGUMENT_DONE_AND_CONTINUE,
+    PARSE_ARGUMENT_DONE_AND_EXIT,
+    PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL
+  };
+
+  // Parse all command-line arguments.
+  ParseArgumentStatus ParseArguments(int argc, const char* const argv[]);
+
+  // Read an argument file and append the file's content to the list of
+  // arguments. Return false if the file cannot be read.
+  bool ExpandArgumentFile(const std::string& file,
+                          std::vector<std::string>* arguments);
+
+  // Parses a command-line argument into a name/value pair.  Returns
+  // true if the next argument in the argv should be used as the value,
+  // false otherwise.
+  //
+  // Examples:
+  //   "-Isrc/protos" ->
+  //     name = "-I", value = "src/protos"
+  //   "--cpp_out=src/foo.pb2.cc" ->
+  //     name = "--cpp_out", value = "src/foo.pb2.cc"
+  //   "foo.proto" ->
+  //     name = "", value = "foo.proto"
+  bool ParseArgument(const char* arg, std::string* name, std::string* value);
+
+  // Interprets arguments parsed with ParseArgument.
+  ParseArgumentStatus InterpretArgument(const std::string& name,
+                                        const std::string& value);
+
+  // Print the --help text to stderr.
+  void PrintHelpText();
+
+  // Loads proto_path_ into the provided source_tree.
+  bool InitializeDiskSourceTree(DiskSourceTree* source_tree,
+                                DescriptorDatabase* fallback_database);
+
+  // Verify that all the input files exist in the given database.
+  bool VerifyInputFilesInDescriptors(DescriptorDatabase* fallback_database);
+
+  // Loads descriptor_set_in into the provided database
+  bool PopulateSimpleDescriptorDatabase(SimpleDescriptorDatabase* database);
+
+  // Parses input_files_ into parsed_files
+  bool ParseInputFiles(DescriptorPool* descriptor_pool,
+                       DiskSourceTree* source_tree,
+                       std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>* parsed_files);
+
+  // Generate the given output file from the given input.
+  struct OutputDirective;  // see below
+  bool GenerateOutput(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files,
+                      const OutputDirective& output_directive,
+                      GeneratorContext* generator_context);
+  bool GeneratePluginOutput(
+      const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files,
+      const std::string& plugin_name, const std::string& parameter,
+      GeneratorContext* generator_context, std::string* error);
+
+  // Implements --encode and --decode.
+  bool EncodeOrDecode(const DescriptorPool* pool);
+
+  // Implements the --descriptor_set_out option.
+  bool WriteDescriptorSet(
+      const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files);
+
+  // Implements the --dependency_out option
+  bool GenerateDependencyManifestFile(
+      const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files,
+      const GeneratorContextMap& output_directories,
+      DiskSourceTree* source_tree);
+
+  // Get all transitive dependencies of the given file (including the file
+  // itself), adding them to the given list of FileDescriptorProtos.  The
+  // protos will be ordered such that every file is listed before any file that
+  // depends on it, so that you can call DescriptorPool::BuildFile() on them
+  // in order.  Any files in *already_seen will not be added, and each file
+  // added will be inserted into *already_seen.  If include_source_code_info is
+  // true then include the source code information in the FileDescriptorProtos.
+  // If include_json_name is true, populate the json_name field of
+  // FieldDescriptorProto for all fields.
+  static void GetTransitiveDependencies(
+      const FileDescriptor* file, bool include_json_name,
+      bool include_source_code_info,
+      std::set<const FileDescriptor*>* already_seen,
+      RepeatedPtrField<FileDescriptorProto>* output);
+
+  // Implements the --print_free_field_numbers. This function prints free field
+  // numbers into stdout for the message and it's nested message types in
+  // post-order, i.e. nested types first. Printed range are left-right
+  // inclusive, i.e. [a, b].
+  //
+  // Groups:
+  // For historical reasons, groups are considered to share the same
+  // field number space with the parent message, thus it will not print free
+  // field numbers for groups. The field numbers used in the groups are
+  // excluded in the free field numbers of the parent message.
+  //
+  // Extension Ranges:
+  // Extension ranges are considered ocuppied field numbers and they will not be
+  // listed as free numbers in the output.
+  void PrintFreeFieldNumbers(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // The name of the executable as invoked (i.e. argv[0]).
+  std::string executable_name_;
+
+  // Version info set with SetVersionInfo().
+  std::string version_info_;
+
+  // Registered generators.
+  struct GeneratorInfo {
+    std::string flag_name;
+    std::string option_flag_name;
+    CodeGenerator* generator;
+    std::string help_text;
+  };
+  typedef std::map<std::string, GeneratorInfo> GeneratorMap;
+  GeneratorMap generators_by_flag_name_;
+  GeneratorMap generators_by_option_name_;
+  // A map from generator names to the parameters specified using the option
+  // flag. For example, if the user invokes the compiler with:
+  //   protoc --foo_out=outputdir --foo_opt=enable_bar ...
+  // Then there will be an entry ("--foo_out", "enable_bar") in this map.
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> generator_parameters_;
+  // Similar to generator_parameters_, but stores the parameters for plugins.
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> plugin_parameters_;
+
+  // See AllowPlugins().  If this is empty, plugins aren't allowed.
+  std::string plugin_prefix_;
+
+  // Maps specific plugin names to files.  When executing a plugin, this map
+  // is searched first to find the plugin executable.  If not found here, the
+  // PATH (or other OS-specific search strategy) is searched.
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> plugins_;
+
+  // Stuff parsed from command line.
+  enum Mode {
+    MODE_COMPILE,  // Normal mode:  parse .proto files and compile them.
+    MODE_ENCODE,   // --encode:  read text from stdin, write binary to stdout.
+    MODE_DECODE,   // --decode:  read binary from stdin, write text to stdout.
+    MODE_PRINT,    // Print mode: print info of the given .proto files and exit.
+  };
+
+  Mode mode_;
+
+  enum PrintMode {
+    PRINT_NONE,         // Not in MODE_PRINT
+    PRINT_FREE_FIELDS,  // --print_free_fields
+  };
+
+  PrintMode print_mode_;
+
+  enum ErrorFormat {
+    ERROR_FORMAT_GCC,  // GCC error output format (default).
+    ERROR_FORMAT_MSVS  // Visual Studio output (--error_format=msvs).
+  };
+
+  ErrorFormat error_format_;
+
+  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> >
+      proto_path_;                        // Search path for proto files.
+  std::vector<std::string> input_files_;  // Names of the input proto files.
+
+  // Names of proto files which are allowed to be imported. Used by build
+  // systems to enforce depend-on-what-you-import.
+  std::set<std::string> direct_dependencies_;
+  bool direct_dependencies_explicitly_set_;
+
+  // If there's a violation of depend-on-what-you-import, this string will be
+  // presented to the user. "%s" will be replaced with the violating import.
+  std::string direct_dependencies_violation_msg_;
+
+  // output_directives_ lists all the files we are supposed to output and what
+  // generator to use for each.
+  struct OutputDirective {
+    std::string name;          // E.g. "--foo_out"
+    CodeGenerator* generator;  // NULL for plugins
+    std::string parameter;
+    std::string output_location;
+  };
+  std::vector<OutputDirective> output_directives_;
+
+  // When using --encode or --decode, this names the type we are encoding or
+  // decoding.  (Empty string indicates --decode_raw.)
+  std::string codec_type_;
+
+  // If --descriptor_set_in was given, these are filenames containing
+  // parsed FileDescriptorSets to be used for loading protos.  Otherwise, empty.
+  std::vector<std::string> descriptor_set_in_names_;
+
+  // If --descriptor_set_out was given, this is the filename to which the
+  // FileDescriptorSet should be written.  Otherwise, empty.
+  std::string descriptor_set_out_name_;
+
+  // If --dependency_out was given, this is the path to the file where the
+  // dependency file will be written. Otherwise, empty.
+  std::string dependency_out_name_;
+
+  // True if --include_imports was given, meaning that we should
+  // write all transitive dependencies to the DescriptorSet.  Otherwise, only
+  // the .proto files listed on the command-line are added.
+  bool imports_in_descriptor_set_;
+
+  // True if --include_source_info was given, meaning that we should not strip
+  // SourceCodeInfo from the DescriptorSet.
+  bool source_info_in_descriptor_set_;
+
+  // Was the --disallow_services flag used?
+  bool disallow_services_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CommandLineInterface);
+};
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_COMMAND_LINE_INTERFACE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4fd54e01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2596 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util2.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+// DO NOT include <io.h>, instead create functions in io_win32.{h,cc} and import
+// them like we do below.
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::access;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::close;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::dup;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::dup2;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::open;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::write;
+#endif
+
+// Disable the whole test when we use tcmalloc for "draconian" heap checks, in
+// which case tcmalloc will print warnings that fail the plugin tests.
+#if !GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HEAP_CHECK_DRACONIAN
+
+
+namespace {
+
+bool FileExists(const std::string& path) {
+  return File::Exists(path);
+}
+
+class CommandLineInterfaceTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp();
+  virtual void TearDown();
+
+  // Runs the CommandLineInterface with the given command line.  The
+  // command is automatically split on spaces, and the string "$tmpdir"
+  // is replaced with TestTempDir().
+  void Run(const std::string& command);
+  void RunWithArgs(std::vector<std::string> args);
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Methods to set up the test (called before Run()).
+
+  class NullCodeGenerator;
+
+  // Normally plugins are allowed for all tests.  Call this to explicitly
+  // disable them.
+  void DisallowPlugins() { disallow_plugins_ = true; }
+
+  // Create a temp file within temp_directory_ with the given name.
+  // The containing directory is also created if necessary.
+  void CreateTempFile(const std::string& name, const std::string& contents);
+
+  // Create a subdirectory within temp_directory_.
+  void CreateTempDir(const std::string& name);
+
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_OPENSOURCE
+  // Change working directory to temp directory.
+  void SwitchToTempDirectory() {
+    File::ChangeWorkingDirectory(temp_directory_);
+  }
+#else   // !PROTOBUF_OPENSOURCE
+  // TODO(teboring): Figure out how to change and get working directory in
+  // google3.
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_OPENSOURCE
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Methods to check the test results (called after Run()).
+
+  // Checks that no text was written to stderr during Run(), and Run()
+  // returned 0.
+  void ExpectNoErrors();
+
+  // Checks that Run() returned non-zero and the stderr output is exactly
+  // the text given.  expected_test may contain references to "$tmpdir",
+  // which will be replaced by the temporary directory path.
+  void ExpectErrorText(const std::string& expected_text);
+
+  // Checks that Run() returned non-zero and the stderr contains the given
+  // substring.
+  void ExpectErrorSubstring(const std::string& expected_substring);
+
+  // Checks that Run() returned zero and the stderr contains the given
+  // substring.
+  void ExpectWarningSubstring(const std::string& expected_substring);
+
+  // Checks that the captured stdout is the same as the expected_text.
+  void ExpectCapturedStdout(const std::string& expected_text);
+
+  // Checks that Run() returned zero and the stdout contains the given
+  // substring.
+  void ExpectCapturedStdoutSubstringWithZeroReturnCode(
+      const std::string& expected_substring);
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+  // Returns true if ExpectErrorSubstring(expected_substring) would pass, but
+  // does not fail otherwise.
+  bool HasAlternateErrorSubstring(const std::string& expected_substring);
+#endif  // _WIN32 && !__CYGWIN__
+
+  // Checks that MockCodeGenerator::Generate() was called in the given
+  // context (or the generator in test_plugin.cc, which produces the same
+  // output).  That is, this tests if the generator with the given name
+  // was called with the given parameter and proto file and produced the
+  // given output file.  This is checked by reading the output file and
+  // checking that it contains the content that MockCodeGenerator would
+  // generate given these inputs.  message_name is the name of the first
+  // message that appeared in the proto file; this is just to make extra
+  // sure that the correct file was parsed.
+  void ExpectGenerated(const std::string& generator_name,
+                       const std::string& parameter,
+                       const std::string& proto_name,
+                       const std::string& message_name);
+  void ExpectGenerated(const std::string& generator_name,
+                       const std::string& parameter,
+                       const std::string& proto_name,
+                       const std::string& message_name,
+                       const std::string& output_directory);
+  void ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs(const std::string& generator_name,
+                                         const std::string& all_proto_names,
+                                         const std::string& proto_name,
+                                         const std::string& message_name);
+  void ExpectGeneratedWithInsertions(const std::string& generator_name,
+                                     const std::string& parameter,
+                                     const std::string& insertions,
+                                     const std::string& proto_name,
+                                     const std::string& message_name);
+  void CheckGeneratedAnnotations(const std::string& name,
+                                 const std::string& file);
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  void ExpectNullCodeGeneratorCalled(const std::string& parameter);
+#endif  // _WIN32
+
+
+  void ReadDescriptorSet(const std::string& filename,
+                         FileDescriptorSet* descriptor_set);
+
+  void WriteDescriptorSet(const std::string& filename,
+                          const FileDescriptorSet* descriptor_set);
+
+  void ExpectFileContent(const std::string& filename,
+                         const std::string& content);
+
+ private:
+  // The object we are testing.
+  CommandLineInterface cli_;
+
+  // Was DisallowPlugins() called?
+  bool disallow_plugins_;
+
+  // We create a directory within TestTempDir() in order to add extra
+  // protection against accidentally deleting user files (since we recursively
+  // delete this directory during the test).  This is the full path of that
+  // directory.
+  std::string temp_directory_;
+
+  // The result of Run().
+  int return_code_;
+
+  // The captured stderr output.
+  std::string error_text_;
+
+  // The captured stdout.
+  std::string captured_stdout_;
+
+  // Pointers which need to be deleted later.
+  std::vector<CodeGenerator*> mock_generators_to_delete_;
+
+  NullCodeGenerator* null_generator_;
+};
+
+class CommandLineInterfaceTest::NullCodeGenerator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  NullCodeGenerator() : called_(false) {}
+  ~NullCodeGenerator() {}
+
+  mutable bool called_;
+  mutable std::string parameter_;
+
+  // implements CodeGenerator ----------------------------------------
+  bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file, const std::string& parameter,
+                GeneratorContext* context, std::string* error) const {
+    called_ = true;
+    parameter_ = parameter;
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::SetUp() {
+  temp_directory_ = TestTempDir() + "/proto2_cli_test_temp";
+
+  // If the temp directory already exists, it must be left over from a
+  // previous run.  Delete it.
+  if (FileExists(temp_directory_)) {
+    File::DeleteRecursively(temp_directory_, NULL, NULL);
+  }
+
+  // Create the temp directory.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::CreateDir(temp_directory_, 0777));
+
+  // Register generators.
+  CodeGenerator* generator = new MockCodeGenerator("test_generator");
+  mock_generators_to_delete_.push_back(generator);
+  cli_.RegisterGenerator("--test_out", "--test_opt", generator, "Test output.");
+  cli_.RegisterGenerator("-t", generator, "Test output.");
+
+  generator = new MockCodeGenerator("alt_generator");
+  mock_generators_to_delete_.push_back(generator);
+  cli_.RegisterGenerator("--alt_out", generator, "Alt output.");
+
+  generator = null_generator_ = new NullCodeGenerator();
+  mock_generators_to_delete_.push_back(generator);
+  cli_.RegisterGenerator("--null_out", generator, "Null output.");
+
+
+  disallow_plugins_ = false;
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::TearDown() {
+  // Delete the temp directory.
+  if (FileExists(temp_directory_)) {
+    File::DeleteRecursively(temp_directory_, NULL, NULL);
+  }
+
+  // Delete all the MockCodeGenerators.
+  for (int i = 0; i < mock_generators_to_delete_.size(); i++) {
+    delete mock_generators_to_delete_[i];
+  }
+  mock_generators_to_delete_.clear();
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::Run(const std::string& command) {
+  RunWithArgs(Split(command, " ", true));
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::RunWithArgs(std::vector<std::string> args) {
+  if (!disallow_plugins_) {
+    cli_.AllowPlugins("prefix-");
+    std::string plugin_path;
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_PLUGIN_PATH
+    plugin_path = GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_PLUGIN_PATH;
+#else
+    const char* possible_paths[] = {
+        // When building with shared libraries, libtool hides the real
+        // executable
+        // in .libs and puts a fake wrapper in the current directory.
+        // Unfortunately, due to an apparent bug on Cygwin/MinGW, if one program
+        // wrapped in this way (e.g. protobuf-tests.exe) tries to execute
+        // another
+        // program wrapped in this way (e.g. test_plugin.exe), the latter fails
+        // with error code 127 and no explanation message.  Presumably the
+        // problem
+        // is that the wrapper for protobuf-tests.exe set some environment
+        // variables that confuse the wrapper for test_plugin.exe.  Luckily, it
+        // turns out that if we simply invoke the wrapped test_plugin.exe
+        // directly, it works -- I guess the environment variables set by the
+        // protobuf-tests.exe wrapper happen to be correct for it too.  So we do
+        // that.
+        ".libs/test_plugin.exe",  // Win32 w/autotool (Cygwin / MinGW)
+        "test_plugin.exe",        // Other Win32 (MSVC)
+        "test_plugin",            // Unix
+    };
+    for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(possible_paths); i++) {
+      if (access(possible_paths[i], F_OK) == 0) {
+        plugin_path = possible_paths[i];
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (plugin_path.empty()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR)
+          << "Plugin executable not found.  Plugin tests are likely to fail.";
+    } else {
+      args.push_back("--plugin=prefix-gen-plug=" + plugin_path);
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<const char*[]> argv(new const char*[args.size()]);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < args.size(); i++) {
+    args[i] = StringReplace(args[i], "$tmpdir", temp_directory_, true);
+    argv[i] = args[i].c_str();
+  }
+
+  // TODO(jieluo): Cygwin doesn't work well if we try to capture stderr and
+  // stdout at the same time. Need to figure out why and add this capture back
+  // for Cygwin.
+#if !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+  CaptureTestStdout();
+#endif
+  CaptureTestStderr();
+
+  return_code_ = cli_.Run(args.size(), argv.get());
+
+  error_text_ = GetCapturedTestStderr();
+#if !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+  captured_stdout_ = GetCapturedTestStdout();
+#endif
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::CreateTempFile(const std::string& name,
+                                              const std::string& contents) {
+  // Create parent directory, if necessary.
+  std::string::size_type slash_pos = name.find_last_of('/');
+  if (slash_pos != std::string::npos) {
+    std::string dir = name.substr(0, slash_pos);
+    if (!FileExists(temp_directory_ + "/" + dir)) {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::RecursivelyCreateDir(temp_directory_ + "/" + dir,
+                                          0777));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Write file.
+  std::string full_name = temp_directory_ + "/" + name;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::SetContents(
+      full_name, StringReplace(contents, "$tmpdir", temp_directory_, true),
+      true));
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::CreateTempDir(const std::string& name) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::RecursivelyCreateDir(temp_directory_ + "/" + name,
+                                      0777));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ExpectNoErrors() {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, return_code_);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", error_text_);
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ExpectErrorText(
+    const std::string& expected_text) {
+  EXPECT_NE(0, return_code_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringReplace(expected_text, "$tmpdir", temp_directory_, true),
+            error_text_);
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ExpectErrorSubstring(
+    const std::string& expected_substring) {
+  EXPECT_NE(0, return_code_);
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, expected_substring, error_text_);
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ExpectWarningSubstring(
+    const std::string& expected_substring) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, return_code_);
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, expected_substring, error_text_);
+}
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+bool CommandLineInterfaceTest::HasAlternateErrorSubstring(
+    const std::string& expected_substring) {
+  EXPECT_NE(0, return_code_);
+  return error_text_.find(expected_substring) != std::string::npos;
+}
+#endif  // _WIN32 && !__CYGWIN__
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ExpectGenerated(
+    const std::string& generator_name, const std::string& parameter,
+    const std::string& proto_name, const std::string& message_name) {
+  MockCodeGenerator::ExpectGenerated(generator_name, parameter, "", proto_name,
+                                     message_name, proto_name, temp_directory_);
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ExpectGenerated(
+    const std::string& generator_name, const std::string& parameter,
+    const std::string& proto_name, const std::string& message_name,
+    const std::string& output_directory) {
+  MockCodeGenerator::ExpectGenerated(generator_name, parameter, "", proto_name,
+                                     message_name, proto_name,
+                                     temp_directory_ + "/" + output_directory);
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs(
+    const std::string& generator_name, const std::string& all_proto_names,
+    const std::string& proto_name, const std::string& message_name) {
+  MockCodeGenerator::ExpectGenerated(generator_name, "", "", proto_name,
+                                     message_name, all_proto_names,
+                                     temp_directory_);
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ExpectGeneratedWithInsertions(
+    const std::string& generator_name, const std::string& parameter,
+    const std::string& insertions, const std::string& proto_name,
+    const std::string& message_name) {
+  MockCodeGenerator::ExpectGenerated(generator_name, parameter, insertions,
+                                     proto_name, message_name, proto_name,
+                                     temp_directory_);
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::CheckGeneratedAnnotations(
+    const std::string& name, const std::string& file) {
+  MockCodeGenerator::CheckGeneratedAnnotations(name, file, temp_directory_);
+}
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ExpectNullCodeGeneratorCalled(
+    const std::string& parameter) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(null_generator_->called_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(parameter, null_generator_->parameter_);
+}
+#endif  // _WIN32
+
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ReadDescriptorSet(
+    const std::string& filename, FileDescriptorSet* descriptor_set) {
+  std::string path = temp_directory_ + "/" + filename;
+  std::string file_contents;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(path, &file_contents, true));
+
+  if (!descriptor_set->ParseFromString(file_contents)) {
+    FAIL() << "Could not parse file contents: " << path;
+  }
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::WriteDescriptorSet(
+    const std::string& filename, const FileDescriptorSet* descriptor_set) {
+  std::string binary_proto;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(descriptor_set->SerializeToString(&binary_proto));
+  CreateTempFile(filename, binary_proto);
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ExpectCapturedStdout(
+    const std::string& expected_text) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_text, captured_stdout_);
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ExpectCapturedStdoutSubstringWithZeroReturnCode(
+    const std::string& expected_substring) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, return_code_);
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, expected_substring,
+                      captured_stdout_);
+}
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ExpectFileContent(const std::string& filename,
+                                                 const std::string& content) {
+  std::string path = temp_directory_ + "/" + filename;
+  std::string file_contents;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(path, &file_contents, true));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringReplace(content, "$tmpdir", temp_directory_, true),
+            file_contents);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, BasicOutput) {
+  // Test that the common case works.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, BasicOutput_DescriptorSetIn) {
+  // Test that the common case works.
+  FileDescriptorSet file_descriptor_set;
+  FileDescriptorProto* file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("foo.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type()->set_name("Foo");
+
+  WriteDescriptorSet("foo.bin", &file_descriptor_set);
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$tmpdir/foo.bin foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, BasicPlugin) {
+  // Test that basic plugins work.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --plug_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_plugin", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, BasicPlugin_DescriptorSetIn) {
+  // Test that basic plugins work.
+
+  FileDescriptorSet file_descriptor_set;
+  FileDescriptorProto* file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("foo.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type()->set_name("Foo");
+
+  WriteDescriptorSet("foo.bin", &file_descriptor_set);
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --plug_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$tmpdir/foo.bin foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_plugin", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, GeneratorAndPlugin) {
+  // Invoke a generator and a plugin at the same time.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --plug_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+  ExpectGenerated("test_plugin", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, GeneratorAndPlugin_DescriptorSetIn) {
+  // Invoke a generator and a plugin at the same time.
+
+  FileDescriptorSet file_descriptor_set;
+  FileDescriptorProto* file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("foo.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type()->set_name("Foo");
+
+  WriteDescriptorSet("foo.bin", &file_descriptor_set);
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --plug_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$tmpdir/foo.bin foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+  ExpectGenerated("test_plugin", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, MultipleInputs) {
+  // Test parsing multiple input files.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --plug_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto bar.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_generator", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "foo.proto", "Foo");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_generator", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "bar.proto", "Bar");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_plugin", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "foo.proto", "Foo");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_plugin", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "bar.proto", "Bar");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, MultipleInputs_DescriptorSetIn) {
+  // Test parsing multiple input files.
+  FileDescriptorSet file_descriptor_set;
+
+  FileDescriptorProto* file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("foo.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type()->set_name("Foo");
+
+  file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("bar.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type()->set_name("Bar");
+
+  WriteDescriptorSet("foo.bin", &file_descriptor_set);
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --plug_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$tmpdir/foo.bin foo.proto bar.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_generator", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "foo.proto", "Foo");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_generator", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "bar.proto", "Bar");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_plugin", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "foo.proto", "Foo");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_plugin", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "bar.proto", "Bar");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, MultipleInputs_UnusedImport_DescriptorSetIn) {
+  // Test unused import warning is not raised when descriptor_set_in is called
+  // and custom options are in unknown field instead of uninterpreted_options.
+  FileDescriptorSet file_descriptor_set;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* descriptor_file =
+      FileDescriptorProto::descriptor()->file();
+  descriptor_file->CopyTo(file_descriptor_set.add_file());
+
+  const FileDescriptor* custom_file =
+      protobuf_unittest::AggregateMessage::descriptor()->file();
+  FileDescriptorProto* file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  custom_file->CopyTo(file_descriptor_proto);
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("custom_options.proto");
+  // Add a custom message option.
+  FieldDescriptorProto* extension_option =
+      file_descriptor_proto->add_extension();
+  extension_option->set_name("unknown_option");
+  extension_option->set_extendee(".google.protobuf.MessageOptions");
+  extension_option->set_number(1111);
+  extension_option->set_label(FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL);
+  extension_option->set_type(FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT64);
+
+  file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("import_custom_unknown_options.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_dependency("custom_options.proto");
+  // Add custom message option to unknown field. This custom option is
+  // not known in generated pool, thus option will be in unknown fields.
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type()->set_name("Bar");
+  file_descriptor_proto->mutable_message_type(0)
+      ->mutable_options()
+      ->mutable_unknown_fields()
+      ->AddVarint(1111, 2222);
+
+  WriteDescriptorSet("foo.bin", &file_descriptor_set);
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --plug_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$tmpdir/foo.bin "
+      "import_custom_unknown_options.proto");
+
+  // TODO(jieluo): Fix this test. This test case only happens when
+  // CommandLineInterface::Run() is used instead of invoke protoc combined
+  // with descriptor_set_in, and same custom options are defined in both
+  // generated pool and descriptor_set_in. There's no such uages for now but
+  // still need to be fixed.
+  /*
+  file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("import_custom_extension_options.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_dependency("custom_options.proto");
+  // Add custom message option to unknown field. This custom option is
+  // also defined in generated pool, thus option will be in extensions.
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type()->set_name("Foo");
+  file_descriptor_proto->mutable_message_type(0)
+      ->mutable_options()
+      ->mutable_unknown_fields()
+      ->AddVarint(protobuf_unittest::message_opt1.number(), 2222);
+
+  WriteDescriptorSet("foo.bin", &file_descriptor_set);
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --plug_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$tmpdir/foo.bin import_custom_unknown_options.proto "
+      "import_custom_extension_options.proto");
+  */
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, MultipleInputsWithImport) {
+  // Test parsing multiple input files with an import of a separate file.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"baz.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {\n"
+                 "  optional Baz a = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("baz.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Baz {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --plug_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto bar.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_generator", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "foo.proto", "Foo");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_generator", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "bar.proto", "Bar");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_plugin", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "foo.proto", "Foo");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_plugin", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "bar.proto", "Bar");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, MultipleInputsWithImport_DescriptorSetIn) {
+  // Test parsing multiple input files with an import of a separate file.
+  FileDescriptorSet file_descriptor_set;
+
+  FileDescriptorProto* file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("foo.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type()->set_name("Foo");
+
+  file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("bar.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_dependency("baz.proto");
+  DescriptorProto* message = file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type();
+  message->set_name("Bar");
+  FieldDescriptorProto* field = message->add_field();
+  field->set_type_name("Baz");
+  field->set_name("a");
+  field->set_number(1);
+
+  WriteDescriptorSet("foo_and_bar.bin", &file_descriptor_set);
+
+  file_descriptor_set.clear_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("baz.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type()->set_name("Baz");
+
+  file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("bat.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_dependency("baz.proto");
+  message = file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type();
+  message->set_name("Bat");
+  field = message->add_field();
+  field->set_type_name("Baz");
+  field->set_name("a");
+  field->set_number(1);
+
+  WriteDescriptorSet("baz_and_bat.bin", &file_descriptor_set);
+  Run(strings::Substitute(
+      "protocol_compiler --test_out=$$tmpdir --plug_out=$$tmpdir "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$0 foo.proto bar.proto",
+      std::string("$tmpdir/foo_and_bar.bin") +
+          CommandLineInterface::kPathSeparator + "$tmpdir/baz_and_bat.bin"));
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_generator", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "foo.proto", "Foo");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_generator", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "bar.proto", "Bar");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_plugin", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "foo.proto", "Foo");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_plugin", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "bar.proto", "Bar");
+
+  Run(strings::Substitute(
+      "protocol_compiler --test_out=$$tmpdir --plug_out=$$tmpdir "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$0 baz.proto bat.proto",
+      std::string("$tmpdir/foo_and_bar.bin") +
+          CommandLineInterface::kPathSeparator + "$tmpdir/baz_and_bat.bin"));
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_generator", "baz.proto,bat.proto",
+                                    "baz.proto", "Baz");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_generator", "baz.proto,bat.proto",
+                                    "bat.proto", "Bat");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_plugin", "baz.proto,bat.proto",
+                                    "baz.proto", "Baz");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_plugin", "baz.proto,bat.proto",
+                                    "bat.proto", "Bat");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest,
+       MultipleInputsWithImport_DescriptorSetIn_DuplicateFileDescriptor) {
+  // Test parsing multiple input files with an import of a separate file.
+  FileDescriptorSet file_descriptor_set;
+
+  FileDescriptorProto foo_file_descriptor_proto;
+  foo_file_descriptor_proto.set_name("foo.proto");
+  foo_file_descriptor_proto.add_message_type()->set_name("Foo");
+
+  file_descriptor_set.add_file()->CopyFrom(foo_file_descriptor_proto);
+
+  FileDescriptorProto* file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("bar.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_dependency("baz.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_dependency("foo.proto");
+  DescriptorProto* message = file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type();
+  message->set_name("Bar");
+  FieldDescriptorProto* field = message->add_field();
+  field->set_type_name("Baz");
+  field->set_name("a");
+  field->set_number(1);
+  field = message->add_field();
+  field->set_type_name("Foo");
+  field->set_name("f");
+  field->set_number(2);
+  WriteDescriptorSet("foo_and_bar.bin", &file_descriptor_set);
+
+  file_descriptor_set.clear_file();
+  file_descriptor_set.add_file()->CopyFrom(foo_file_descriptor_proto);
+
+  file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("baz.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_dependency("foo.proto");
+  message = file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type();
+  message->set_name("Baz");
+  field = message->add_field();
+  field->set_type_name("Foo");
+  field->set_name("f");
+  field->set_number(1);
+  WriteDescriptorSet("foo_and_baz.bin", &file_descriptor_set);
+
+  Run(strings::Substitute(
+      "protocol_compiler --test_out=$$tmpdir --plug_out=$$tmpdir "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$0 bar.proto",
+      std::string("$tmpdir/foo_and_bar.bin") +
+          CommandLineInterface::kPathSeparator + "$tmpdir/foo_and_baz.bin"));
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "bar.proto", "Bar");
+  ExpectGenerated("test_plugin", "", "bar.proto", "Bar");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest,
+       MultipleInputsWithImport_DescriptorSetIn_MissingImport) {
+  // Test parsing multiple input files with an import of a separate file.
+  FileDescriptorSet file_descriptor_set;
+
+  FileDescriptorProto* file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("foo.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type()->set_name("Foo");
+
+  file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("bar.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_dependency("baz.proto");
+  DescriptorProto* message = file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type();
+  message->set_name("Bar");
+  FieldDescriptorProto* field = message->add_field();
+  field->set_type_name("Baz");
+  field->set_name("a");
+  field->set_number(1);
+
+  WriteDescriptorSet("foo_and_bar.bin", &file_descriptor_set);
+
+  file_descriptor_set.clear_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("baz.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type()->set_name("Baz");
+
+  WriteDescriptorSet("baz.bin", &file_descriptor_set);
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --plug_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$tmpdir/foo_and_bar.bin "
+      "foo.proto bar.proto");
+  ExpectErrorSubstring(
+      "bar.proto: Import \"baz.proto\" was not found or had errors.");
+  ExpectErrorSubstring("bar.proto: \"Baz\" is not defined.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest,
+       OnlyReportsUnusedImportsForFilesBeingGenerated) {
+  CreateTempFile("unused.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Unused {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"unused.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {\n"
+                 "  optional Bar bar = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ReportsTransitiveMisingImports_LeafFirst) {
+  CreateTempFile("unused.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Unused {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"unused.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {\n"
+                 "  optional Bar bar = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir bar.proto foo.proto");
+  ExpectWarningSubstring(
+      "bar.proto:2:1: warning: Import unused.proto is unused.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ReportsTransitiveMisingImports_LeafLast) {
+  CreateTempFile("unused.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Unused {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"unused.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {\n"
+                 "  optional Bar bar = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto bar.proto");
+  ExpectWarningSubstring(
+      "bar.proto:2:1: warning: Import unused.proto is unused.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, CreateDirectory) {
+  // Test that when we output to a sub-directory, it is created.
+
+  CreateTempFile("bar/baz/foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempDir("out");
+  CreateTempDir("plugout");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir/out --plug_out=$tmpdir/plugout "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir bar/baz/foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "bar/baz/foo.proto", "Foo", "out");
+  ExpectGenerated("test_plugin", "", "bar/baz/foo.proto", "Foo", "plugout");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, GeneratorParameters) {
+  // Test that generator parameters are correctly parsed from the command line.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=TestParameter:$tmpdir "
+      "--plug_out=TestPluginParameter:$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "TestParameter", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+  ExpectGenerated("test_plugin", "TestPluginParameter", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ExtraGeneratorParameters) {
+  // Test that generator parameters specified with the option flag are
+  // correctly passed to the code generator.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  // Create the "a" and "b" sub-directories.
+  CreateTempDir("a");
+  CreateTempDir("b");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler "
+      "--test_opt=foo1 "
+      "--test_out=bar:$tmpdir/a "
+      "--test_opt=foo2 "
+      "--test_out=baz:$tmpdir/b "
+      "--test_opt=foo3 "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "bar,foo1,foo2,foo3", "foo.proto", "Foo",
+                  "a");
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "baz,foo1,foo2,foo3", "foo.proto", "Foo",
+                  "b");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ExtraPluginParameters) {
+  // Test that generator parameters specified with the option flag are
+  // correctly passed to the code generator.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  // Create the "a" and "b" sub-directories.
+  CreateTempDir("a");
+  CreateTempDir("b");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler "
+      "--plug_opt=foo1 "
+      "--plug_out=bar:$tmpdir/a "
+      "--plug_opt=foo2 "
+      "--plug_out=baz:$tmpdir/b "
+      "--plug_opt=foo3 "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_plugin", "bar,foo1,foo2,foo3", "foo.proto", "Foo", "a");
+  ExpectGenerated("test_plugin", "baz,foo1,foo2,foo3", "foo.proto", "Foo", "b");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, UnrecognizedExtraParameters) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --plug_out=TestParameter:$tmpdir "
+      "--unknown_plug_a_opt=Foo "
+      "--unknown_plug_b_opt=Bar "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring("Unknown flag: --unknown_plug_a_opt");
+  ExpectErrorSubstring("Unknown flag: --unknown_plug_b_opt");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ExtraPluginParametersForOutParameters) {
+  // This doesn't rely on the plugin having been registred and instead that
+  // the existence of --[name]_out is enough to make the --[name]_opt valid.
+  // However, running out of process plugins found via the search path (i.e. -
+  // not pre registered with --plugin) isn't support in this test suite, so we
+  // list the options pre/post the _out directive, and then include _opt that
+  // will be unknown, and confirm the failure output is about the expected
+  // unknown directive, which means the other were accepted.
+  // NOTE: UnrecognizedExtraParameters confirms that if two unknown _opt
+  // directives appear, they both are reported.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --plug_out=TestParameter:$tmpdir "
+      "--xyz_opt=foo=bar --xyz_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--abc_out=$tmpdir --abc_opt=foo=bar "
+      "--unknown_plug_opt=Foo "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText("Unknown flag: --unknown_plug_opt\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, Insert) {
+  // Test running a generator that inserts code into another's output.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler "
+      "--test_out=TestParameter:$tmpdir "
+      "--plug_out=TestPluginParameter:$tmpdir "
+      "--test_out=insert=test_generator,test_plugin:$tmpdir "
+      "--plug_out=insert=test_generator,test_plugin:$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGeneratedWithInsertions("test_generator", "TestParameter",
+                                "test_generator,test_plugin", "foo.proto",
+                                "Foo");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithInsertions("test_plugin", "TestPluginParameter",
+                                "test_generator,test_plugin", "foo.proto",
+                                "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, InsertWithAnnotationFixup) {
+  // Check that annotation spans are updated after insertions.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message MockCodeGenerator_Annotate {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler "
+      "--test_out=TestParameter:$tmpdir "
+      "--plug_out=TestPluginParameter:$tmpdir "
+      "--test_out=insert=test_generator,test_plugin:$tmpdir "
+      "--plug_out=insert=test_generator,test_plugin:$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  CheckGeneratedAnnotations("test_generator", "foo.proto");
+  CheckGeneratedAnnotations("test_plugin", "foo.proto");
+}
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, WindowsOutputPath) {
+  // Test that the output path can be a Windows-style path.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto", "syntax = \"proto2\";\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --null_out=C:\\ "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectNullCodeGeneratorCalled("");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, WindowsOutputPathAndParameter) {
+  // Test that we can have a windows-style output path and a parameter.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto", "syntax = \"proto2\";\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --null_out=bar:C:\\ "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectNullCodeGeneratorCalled("bar");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, TrailingBackslash) {
+  // Test that the directories can end in backslashes.  Some users claim this
+  // doesn't work on their system.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir\\ "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir\\ foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, Win32ErrorMessage) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("The system cannot find the file specified.\r\n",
+            Subprocess::Win32ErrorMessage(ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND));
+}
+
+#endif  // defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, PathLookup) {
+  // Test that specifying multiple directories in the proto search path works.
+
+  CreateTempFile("b/bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("a/foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {\n"
+                 "  optional Bar a = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("b/foo.proto", "this should not be parsed\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir/a --proto_path=$tmpdir/b foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ColonDelimitedPath) {
+  // Same as PathLookup, but we provide the proto_path in a single flag.
+
+  CreateTempFile("b/bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("a/foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {\n"
+                 "  optional Bar a = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("b/foo.proto", "this should not be parsed\n");
+
+  Run(strings::Substitute(
+      "protocol_compiler --test_out=$$tmpdir --proto_path=$0 foo.proto",
+      std::string("$tmpdir/a") + CommandLineInterface::kPathSeparator +
+          "$tmpdir/b"));
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, NonRootMapping) {
+  // Test setting up a search path mapping a directory to a non-root location.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=bar=$tmpdir bar/foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "bar/foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, PathWithEqualsSign) {
+  // Test setting up a search path which happens to have '=' in it.
+
+  CreateTempDir("with=sign");
+  CreateTempFile("with=sign/foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir/with=sign foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, MultipleGenerators) {
+  // Test that we can have multiple generators and use both in one invocation,
+  // each with a different output directory.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  // Create the "a" and "b" sub-directories.
+  CreateTempDir("a");
+  CreateTempDir("b");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler "
+      "--test_out=$tmpdir/a "
+      "--alt_out=$tmpdir/b "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo", "a");
+  ExpectGenerated("alt_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo", "b");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, DisallowServicesNoServices) {
+  // Test that --disallow_services doesn't cause a problem when there are no
+  // services.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --disallow_services --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, DisallowServicesHasService) {
+  // Test that --disallow_services produces an error when there are services.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n"
+                 "service Bar {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --disallow_services --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring("foo.proto: This file contains services");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, AllowServicesHasService) {
+  // Test that services work fine as long as --disallow_services is not used.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n"
+                 "service Bar {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, DirectDependencies_Missing_EmptyList) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Foo { optional Bar bar = 1; }");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar { optional string text = 1; }");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir "
+      "--direct_dependencies= foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "foo.proto: File is imported but not declared in --direct_dependencies: "
+      "bar.proto\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, DirectDependencies_Missing) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "import \"bla.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Foo { optional Bar bar = 1; optional Bla bla = 2; }");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar { optional string text = 1; }");
+  CreateTempFile("bla.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bla { optional int64 number = 1; }");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir "
+      "--direct_dependencies=bla.proto foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "foo.proto: File is imported but not declared in --direct_dependencies: "
+      "bar.proto\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, DirectDependencies_NoViolation) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Foo { optional Bar bar = 1; }");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar { optional string text = 1; }");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir "
+      "--direct_dependencies=bar.proto foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, DirectDependencies_NoViolation_MultiImports) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "import \"bla.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Foo { optional Bar bar = 1; optional Bla bla = 2; }");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar { optional string text = 1; }");
+  CreateTempFile("bla.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bla { optional int64 number = 1; }");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir "
+      "--direct_dependencies=bar.proto:bla.proto foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, DirectDependencies_ProvidedMultipleTimes) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto", "syntax = \"proto2\";\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir "
+      "--direct_dependencies=bar.proto --direct_dependencies=bla.proto "
+      "foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "--direct_dependencies may only be passed once. To specify multiple "
+      "direct dependencies, pass them all as a single parameter separated by "
+      "':'.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, DirectDependencies_CustomErrorMessage) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Foo { optional Bar bar = 1; }");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar { optional string text = 1; }");
+
+  std::vector<std::string> commands;
+  commands.push_back("protocol_compiler");
+  commands.push_back("--test_out=$tmpdir");
+  commands.push_back("--proto_path=$tmpdir");
+  commands.push_back("--direct_dependencies=");
+  commands.push_back("--direct_dependencies_violation_msg=Bla \"%s\" Bla");
+  commands.push_back("foo.proto");
+  RunWithArgs(commands);
+
+  ExpectErrorText("foo.proto: Bla \"bar.proto\" Bla\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, CwdRelativeInputs) {
+  // Test that we can accept working-directory-relative input files.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir $tmpdir/foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, WriteDescriptorSet) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"foo.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {\n"
+                 "  optional Foo foo = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --descriptor_set_out=$tmpdir/descriptor_set "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir bar.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+
+  FileDescriptorSet descriptor_set;
+  ReadDescriptorSet("descriptor_set", &descriptor_set);
+  if (HasFatalFailure()) return;
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, descriptor_set.file_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", descriptor_set.file(0).name());
+  // Descriptor set should not have source code info.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(descriptor_set.file(0).has_source_code_info());
+  // Descriptor set should have json_name.
+  EXPECT_EQ("Bar", descriptor_set.file(0).message_type(0).name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", descriptor_set.file(0).message_type(0).field(0).name());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(descriptor_set.file(0).message_type(0).field(0).has_json_name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, WriteDescriptorSetWithDuplicates) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"foo.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {\n"
+                 "  optional Foo foo = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("baz.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"foo.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Baz {\n"
+                 "  optional Foo foo = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --descriptor_set_out=$tmpdir/descriptor_set "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir bar.proto foo.proto bar.proto baz.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+
+  FileDescriptorSet descriptor_set;
+  ReadDescriptorSet("descriptor_set", &descriptor_set);
+  if (HasFatalFailure()) return;
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, descriptor_set.file_size());
+  // foo should come first since the output is in dependency order.
+  // since bar and baz are unordered, they should be in command line order.
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", descriptor_set.file(0).name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", descriptor_set.file(1).name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz.proto", descriptor_set.file(2).name());
+  // Descriptor set should not have source code info.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(descriptor_set.file(0).has_source_code_info());
+  // Descriptor set should have json_name.
+  EXPECT_EQ("Bar", descriptor_set.file(1).message_type(0).name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", descriptor_set.file(1).message_type(0).field(0).name());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(descriptor_set.file(1).message_type(0).field(0).has_json_name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, WriteDescriptorSetWithSourceInfo) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"foo.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {\n"
+                 "  optional Foo foo = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --descriptor_set_out=$tmpdir/descriptor_set "
+      "--include_source_info --proto_path=$tmpdir bar.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+
+  FileDescriptorSet descriptor_set;
+  ReadDescriptorSet("descriptor_set", &descriptor_set);
+  if (HasFatalFailure()) return;
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, descriptor_set.file_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", descriptor_set.file(0).name());
+  // Source code info included.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(descriptor_set.file(0).has_source_code_info());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, WriteTransitiveDescriptorSet) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"foo.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {\n"
+                 "  optional Foo foo = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --descriptor_set_out=$tmpdir/descriptor_set "
+      "--include_imports --proto_path=$tmpdir bar.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+
+  FileDescriptorSet descriptor_set;
+  ReadDescriptorSet("descriptor_set", &descriptor_set);
+  if (HasFatalFailure()) return;
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, descriptor_set.file_size());
+  if (descriptor_set.file(0).name() == "bar.proto") {
+    std::swap(descriptor_set.mutable_file()->mutable_data()[0],
+              descriptor_set.mutable_file()->mutable_data()[1]);
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", descriptor_set.file(0).name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", descriptor_set.file(1).name());
+  // Descriptor set should not have source code info.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(descriptor_set.file(0).has_source_code_info());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(descriptor_set.file(1).has_source_code_info());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, WriteTransitiveDescriptorSetWithSourceInfo) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"foo.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {\n"
+                 "  optional Foo foo = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --descriptor_set_out=$tmpdir/descriptor_set "
+      "--include_imports --include_source_info --proto_path=$tmpdir bar.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+
+  FileDescriptorSet descriptor_set;
+  ReadDescriptorSet("descriptor_set", &descriptor_set);
+  if (HasFatalFailure()) return;
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, descriptor_set.file_size());
+  if (descriptor_set.file(0).name() == "bar.proto") {
+    std::swap(descriptor_set.mutable_file()->mutable_data()[0],
+              descriptor_set.mutable_file()->mutable_data()[1]);
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", descriptor_set.file(0).name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", descriptor_set.file(1).name());
+  // Source code info included.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(descriptor_set.file(0).has_source_code_info());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(descriptor_set.file(1).has_source_code_info());
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// TODO(teboring): Figure out how to write test on windows.
+#else
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, WriteDependencyManifestFileGivenTwoInputs) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"foo.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {\n"
+                 "  optional Foo foo = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --dependency_out=$tmpdir/manifest "
+      "--test_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir bar.proto foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "Can only process one input file when using --dependency_out=FILE.\n");
+}
+
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_OPENSOURCE
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, WriteDependencyManifestFile) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"foo.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {\n"
+                 "  optional Foo foo = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  std::string current_working_directory = getcwd(NULL, 0);
+  SwitchToTempDirectory();
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --dependency_out=manifest --test_out=. "
+      "bar.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+
+  ExpectFileContent("manifest",
+                    "bar.proto.MockCodeGenerator.test_generator: "
+                    "foo.proto\\\n bar.proto");
+
+  File::ChangeWorkingDirectory(current_working_directory);
+}
+#else  // !PROTOBUF_OPENSOURCE
+// TODO(teboring): Figure out how to change and get working directory in
+// google3.
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_OPENSOURCE
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, WriteDependencyManifestFileForAbsolutePath) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"foo.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {\n"
+                 "  optional Foo foo = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --dependency_out=$tmpdir/manifest "
+      "--test_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir bar.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+
+  ExpectFileContent("manifest",
+                    "$tmpdir/bar.proto.MockCodeGenerator.test_generator: "
+                    "$tmpdir/foo.proto\\\n $tmpdir/bar.proto");
+}
+#endif  // !_WIN32
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, TestArgumentFile) {
+  // Test parsing multiple input files using an argument file.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("arguments.txt",
+                 "--test_out=$tmpdir\n"
+                 "--plug_out=$tmpdir\n"
+                 "--proto_path=$tmpdir\n"
+                 "--direct_dependencies_violation_msg=%s is not imported\n"
+                 "foo.proto\n"
+                 "bar.proto");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler @$tmpdir/arguments.txt");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_generator", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "foo.proto", "Foo");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_generator", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "bar.proto", "Bar");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_plugin", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "foo.proto", "Foo");
+  ExpectGeneratedWithMultipleInputs("test_plugin", "foo.proto,bar.proto",
+                                    "bar.proto", "Bar");
+}
+
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ParseErrors) {
+  // Test that parse errors are reported.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "badsyntax\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "foo.proto:2:1: Expected top-level statement (e.g. \"message\").\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ParseErrors_DescriptorSetIn) {
+  // Test that parse errors are reported.
+  CreateTempFile("foo.bin", "not a FileDescriptorSet");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$tmpdir/foo.bin foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText("$tmpdir/foo.bin: Unable to parse.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ParseErrorsMultipleFiles) {
+  // Test that parse errors are reported from multiple files.
+
+  // We set up files such that foo.proto actually depends on bar.proto in
+  // two ways:  Directly and through baz.proto.  bar.proto's errors should
+  // only be reported once.
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "badsyntax\n");
+  CreateTempFile("baz.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n");
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "import \"baz.proto\";\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "bar.proto:2:1: Expected top-level statement (e.g. \"message\").\n"
+      "baz.proto:2:1: Import \"bar.proto\" was not found or had errors.\n"
+      "foo.proto:2:1: Import \"bar.proto\" was not found or had errors.\n"
+      "foo.proto:3:1: Import \"baz.proto\" was not found or had errors.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, RecursiveImportFails) {
+  // Create a proto file that imports itself.
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"foo.proto\";\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring(
+      "foo.proto:2:1: File recursively imports itself: "
+      "foo.proto -> foo.proto\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, InputNotFoundError) {
+  // Test what happens if the input file is not found.
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "Could not make proto path relative: foo.proto: No such file or "
+      "directory\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, InputNotFoundError_DescriptorSetIn) {
+  // Test what happens if the input file is not found.
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$tmpdir/foo.bin foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText("$tmpdir/foo.bin: No such file or directory\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, CwdRelativeInputNotFoundError) {
+  // Test what happens when a working-directory-relative input file is not
+  // found.
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir $tmpdir/foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "Could not make proto path relative: $tmpdir/foo.proto: No such file or "
+      "directory\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, CwdRelativeInputNotMappedError) {
+  // Test what happens when a working-directory-relative input file is not
+  // mapped to a virtual path.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  // Create a directory called "bar" so that we can point --proto_path at it.
+  CreateTempFile("bar/dummy", "");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir/bar $tmpdir/foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "$tmpdir/foo.proto: File does not reside within any path "
+      "specified using --proto_path (or -I).  You must specify a "
+      "--proto_path which encompasses this file.  Note that the "
+      "proto_path must be an exact prefix of the .proto file "
+      "names -- protoc is too dumb to figure out when two paths "
+      "(e.g. absolute and relative) are equivalent (it's harder "
+      "than you think).\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, CwdRelativeInputNotFoundAndNotMappedError) {
+  // Check what happens if the input file is not found *and* is not mapped
+  // in the proto_path.
+
+  // Create a directory called "bar" so that we can point --proto_path at it.
+  CreateTempFile("bar/dummy", "");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir/bar $tmpdir/foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "Could not make proto path relative: $tmpdir/foo.proto: No such file or "
+      "directory\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, CwdRelativeInputShadowedError) {
+  // Test what happens when a working-directory-relative input file is shadowed
+  // by another file in the virtual path.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo/foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar/foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir/foo --proto_path=$tmpdir/bar "
+      "$tmpdir/bar/foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "$tmpdir/bar/foo.proto: Input is shadowed in the --proto_path "
+      "by \"$tmpdir/foo/foo.proto\".  Either use the latter "
+      "file as your input or reorder the --proto_path so that the "
+      "former file's location comes first.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ProtoPathNotFoundError) {
+  // Test what happens if the input file is not found.
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir/foo foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "$tmpdir/foo: warning: directory does not exist.\n"
+      "Could not make proto path relative: foo.proto: No such file or "
+      "directory\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ProtoPathAndDescriptorSetIn) {
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir --descriptor_set_in=$tmpdir/foo.bin foo.proto");
+  ExpectErrorText("$tmpdir/foo.bin: No such file or directory\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$tmpdir/foo.bin --proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+  ExpectErrorText("$tmpdir/foo.bin: No such file or directory\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ProtoPathAndDescriptorSetIn_CompileFiles) {
+  // Test what happens if a proto is in a --descriptor_set_in and also exists
+  // on disk.
+  FileDescriptorSet file_descriptor_set;
+
+  // NOTE: This file desc SHOULD be different from the one created as a temp
+  //       to make it easier to test that the file was output instead of the
+  //       contents of the --descriptor_set_in file.
+  FileDescriptorProto* file_descriptor_proto = file_descriptor_set.add_file();
+  file_descriptor_proto->set_name("foo.proto");
+  file_descriptor_proto->add_message_type()->set_name("Foo");
+
+  WriteDescriptorSet("foo.bin", &file_descriptor_set);
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message FooBar { required string foo_message = 1; }\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --descriptor_set_out=$tmpdir/descriptor_set "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$tmpdir/foo.bin "
+      "--include_source_info "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+
+  FileDescriptorSet descriptor_set;
+  ReadDescriptorSet("descriptor_set", &descriptor_set);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, descriptor_set.file_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", descriptor_set.file(0).name());
+  // Descriptor set SHOULD have source code info.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(descriptor_set.file(0).has_source_code_info());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("FooBar", descriptor_set.file(0).message_type(0).name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo_message",
+            descriptor_set.file(0).message_type(0).field(0).name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ProtoPathAndDependencyOut) {
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--dependency_out=$tmpdir/manifest "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$tmpdir/foo.bin foo.proto");
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "--descriptor_set_in cannot be used with --dependency_out.\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--descriptor_set_in=$tmpdir/foo.bin "
+      "--dependency_out=$tmpdir/manifest foo.proto");
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "--dependency_out cannot be used with --descriptor_set_in.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, MissingInputError) {
+  // Test that we get an error if no inputs are given.
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir");
+
+  ExpectErrorText("Missing input file.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, MissingOutputError) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText("Missing output directives.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, OutputWriteError) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  std::string output_file =
+      MockCodeGenerator::GetOutputFileName("test_generator", "foo.proto");
+
+  // Create a directory blocking our output location.
+  CreateTempDir(output_file);
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  // MockCodeGenerator no longer detects an error because we actually write to
+  // an in-memory location first, then dump to disk at the end.  This is no
+  // big deal.
+  //   ExpectErrorSubstring("MockCodeGenerator detected write error.");
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+  // Windows with MSVCRT.dll produces EPERM instead of EISDIR.
+  if (HasAlternateErrorSubstring(output_file + ": Permission denied")) {
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring(output_file + ": Is a directory");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, PluginOutputWriteError) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  std::string output_file =
+      MockCodeGenerator::GetOutputFileName("test_plugin", "foo.proto");
+
+  // Create a directory blocking our output location.
+  CreateTempDir(output_file);
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --plug_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+  // Windows with MSVCRT.dll produces EPERM instead of EISDIR.
+  if (HasAlternateErrorSubstring(output_file + ": Permission denied")) {
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring(output_file + ": Is a directory");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, OutputDirectoryNotFoundError) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir/nosuchdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring("nosuchdir/: No such file or directory");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, PluginOutputDirectoryNotFoundError) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --plug_out=$tmpdir/nosuchdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring("nosuchdir/: No such file or directory");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, OutputDirectoryIsFileError) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir/foo.proto "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+  // Windows with MSVCRT.dll produces EINVAL instead of ENOTDIR.
+  if (HasAlternateErrorSubstring("foo.proto/: Invalid argument")) {
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring("foo.proto/: Not a directory");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, GeneratorError) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message MockCodeGenerator_Error {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring(
+      "--test_out: foo.proto: Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_Error.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, GeneratorPluginError) {
+  // Test a generator plugin that returns an error.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message MockCodeGenerator_Error {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --plug_out=TestParameter:$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring(
+      "--plug_out: foo.proto: Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_Error.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, GeneratorPluginFail) {
+  // Test a generator plugin that exits with an error code.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message MockCodeGenerator_Exit {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --plug_out=TestParameter:$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring("Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_Exit.");
+  ExpectErrorSubstring(
+      "--plug_out: prefix-gen-plug: Plugin failed with status code 123.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, GeneratorPluginCrash) {
+  // Test a generator plugin that crashes.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message MockCodeGenerator_Abort {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --plug_out=TestParameter:$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring("Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_Abort.");
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  // Windows doesn't have signals.  It looks like abort()ing causes the process
+  // to exit with status code 3, but let's not depend on the exact number here.
+  ExpectErrorSubstring(
+      "--plug_out: prefix-gen-plug: Plugin failed with status code");
+#else
+  // Don't depend on the exact signal number.
+  ExpectErrorSubstring("--plug_out: prefix-gen-plug: Plugin killed by signal");
+#endif
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, PluginReceivesSourceCodeInfo) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message MockCodeGenerator_HasSourceCodeInfo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --plug_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring(
+      "Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_HasSourceCodeInfo: 1.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, PluginReceivesJsonName) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message MockCodeGenerator_HasJsonName {\n"
+                 "  optional int32 value = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --plug_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring("Saw json_name: 1");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, PluginReceivesCompilerVersion) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message MockCodeGenerator_ShowVersionNumber {\n"
+                 "  optional int32 value = 1;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --plug_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring(StringPrintf("Saw compiler_version: %d %s",
+                                    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION,
+                                    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION_SUFFIX));
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, GeneratorPluginNotFound) {
+  // Test what happens if the plugin isn't found.
+
+  CreateTempFile("error.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --badplug_out=TestParameter:$tmpdir "
+      "--plugin=prefix-gen-badplug=no_such_file "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir error.proto");
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  ExpectErrorSubstring("--badplug_out: prefix-gen-badplug: " +
+                       Subprocess::Win32ErrorMessage(ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND));
+#else
+  // Error written to stdout by child process after exec() fails.
+  ExpectErrorSubstring("no_such_file: program not found or is not executable");
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring(
+      "Please specify a program using absolute path or make sure "
+      "the program is available in your PATH system variable");
+
+  // Error written by parent process when child fails.
+  ExpectErrorSubstring(
+      "--badplug_out: prefix-gen-badplug: Plugin failed with status code 1.");
+#endif
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, GeneratorPluginNotAllowed) {
+  // Test what happens if plugins aren't allowed.
+
+  CreateTempFile("error.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  DisallowPlugins();
+  Run("protocol_compiler --plug_out=TestParameter:$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir error.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorSubstring("Unknown flag: --plug_out");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, HelpText) {
+  Run("test_exec_name --help");
+
+  ExpectCapturedStdoutSubstringWithZeroReturnCode("Usage: test_exec_name ");
+  ExpectCapturedStdoutSubstringWithZeroReturnCode("--test_out=OUT_DIR");
+  ExpectCapturedStdoutSubstringWithZeroReturnCode("Test output.");
+  ExpectCapturedStdoutSubstringWithZeroReturnCode("--alt_out=OUT_DIR");
+  ExpectCapturedStdoutSubstringWithZeroReturnCode("Alt output.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, GccFormatErrors) {
+  // Test --error_format=gcc (which is the default, but we want to verify
+  // that it can be set explicitly).
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "badsyntax\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir --error_format=gcc foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "foo.proto:2:1: Expected top-level statement (e.g. \"message\").\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, MsvsFormatErrors) {
+  // Test --error_format=msvs
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "badsyntax\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir --error_format=msvs foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "$tmpdir/foo.proto(2) : error in column=1: Expected top-level statement "
+      "(e.g. \"message\").\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, InvalidErrorFormat) {
+  // Test --error_format=msvs
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "badsyntax\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir --error_format=invalid foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText("Unknown error format: invalid\n");
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Flag parsing tests
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ParseSingleCharacterFlag) {
+  // Test that a single-character flag works.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler -t$tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ParseSpaceDelimitedValue) {
+  // Test that separating the flag value with a space works.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out $tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ParseSingleCharacterSpaceDelimitedValue) {
+  // Test that separating the flag value with a space works for
+  // single-character flags.
+
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler -t $tmpdir "
+      "--proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+  ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, MissingValueError) {
+  // Test that we get an error if a flag is missing its value.
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out --proto_path=$tmpdir foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText("Missing value for flag: --test_out\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, MissingValueAtEndError) {
+  // Test that we get an error if the last argument is a flag requiring a
+  // value.
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out");
+
+  ExpectErrorText("Missing value for flag: --test_out\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, PrintFreeFieldNumbers) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "package foo;\n"
+                 "message Foo {\n"
+                 "  optional int32 a = 2;\n"
+                 "  optional string b = 4;\n"
+                 "  optional string c = 5;\n"
+                 "  optional int64 d = 8;\n"
+                 "  optional double e = 10;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar {\n"
+                 "  optional int32 a = 2;\n"
+                 "  extensions 4 to 5;\n"
+                 "  optional int64 d = 8;\n"
+                 "  extensions 10;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("baz.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Baz {\n"
+                 "  optional int32 a = 2;\n"
+                 "  optional int64 d = 8;\n"
+                 "  extensions 15 to max;\n"  // unordered.
+                 "  extensions 13;\n"
+                 "  extensions 10 to 12;\n"
+                 "  extensions 5;\n"
+                 "  extensions 4;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  CreateTempFile(
+      "quz.proto",
+      "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+      "message Quz {\n"
+      "  message Foo {}\n"  // nested message
+      "  optional int32 a = 2;\n"
+      "  optional group C = 4 {\n"
+      "    optional int32 d = 5;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  extensions 8 to 10;\n"
+      "  optional group E = 11 {\n"
+      "    optional int32 f = 9;\n"    // explicitly reuse extension range 8-10
+      "    optional group G = 15 {\n"  // nested group
+      "      message Foo {}\n"         // nested message inside nested group
+      "    }\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --print_free_field_numbers --proto_path=$tmpdir "
+      "foo.proto bar.proto baz.proto quz.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+
+  // TODO(jieluo): Cygwin doesn't work well if we try to capture stderr and
+  // stdout at the same time. Need to figure out why and add this test back
+  // for Cygwin.
+#if !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+  ExpectCapturedStdout(
+      "foo.Foo                             free: 1 3 6-7 9 11-INF\n"
+      "Bar                                 free: 1 3 6-7 9 11-INF\n"
+      "Baz                                 free: 1 3 6-7 9 14\n"
+      "Quz.Foo                             free: 1-INF\n"
+      "Quz.E.G.Foo                         free: 1-INF\n"
+      "Quz                                 free: 1 3 6-7 12-14 16-INF\n");
+#endif
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// Test for --encode and --decode.  Note that it would be easier to do this
+// test as a shell script, but we'd like to be able to run the test on
+// platforms that don't have a Bourne-compatible shell available (especially
+// Windows/MSVC).
+
+enum EncodeDecodeTestMode { PROTO_PATH, DESCRIPTOR_SET_IN };
+
+class EncodeDecodeTest : public testing::TestWithParam<EncodeDecodeTestMode> {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    WriteUnittestProtoDescriptorSet();
+    duped_stdin_ = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    dup2(duped_stdin_, STDIN_FILENO);
+    close(duped_stdin_);
+  }
+
+  void RedirectStdinFromText(const std::string& input) {
+    std::string filename = TestTempDir() + "/test_stdin";
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::SetContents(filename, input, true));
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(RedirectStdinFromFile(filename));
+  }
+
+  bool RedirectStdinFromFile(const std::string& filename) {
+    int fd = open(filename.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
+    if (fd < 0) return false;
+    dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
+    close(fd);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Remove '\r' characters from text.
+  std::string StripCR(const std::string& text) {
+    std::string result;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < text.size(); i++) {
+      if (text[i] != '\r') {
+        result.push_back(text[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  enum Type { TEXT, BINARY };
+  enum ReturnCode { SUCCESS, ERROR };
+
+  bool Run(const std::string& command) {
+    std::vector<std::string> args;
+    args.push_back("protoc");
+    SplitStringUsing(command, " ", &args);
+    switch (GetParam()) {
+      case PROTO_PATH:
+        args.push_back("--proto_path=" + TestUtil::TestSourceDir());
+        break;
+      case DESCRIPTOR_SET_IN:
+        args.push_back(StrCat("--descriptor_set_in=",
+                                    unittest_proto_descriptor_set_filename_));
+        break;
+      default:
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "unexpected EncodeDecodeTestMode: " << GetParam();
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<const char*[]> argv(new const char*[args.size()]);
+    for (int i = 0; i < args.size(); i++) {
+      argv[i] = args[i].c_str();
+    }
+
+    CommandLineInterface cli;
+
+    CaptureTestStdout();
+    CaptureTestStderr();
+
+    int result = cli.Run(args.size(), argv.get());
+
+    captured_stdout_ = GetCapturedTestStdout();
+    captured_stderr_ = GetCapturedTestStderr();
+
+    return result == 0;
+  }
+
+  void ExpectStdoutMatchesBinaryFile(const std::string& filename) {
+    std::string expected_output;
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(filename, &expected_output, true));
+
+    // Don't use EXPECT_EQ because we don't want to print raw binary data to
+    // stdout on failure.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(captured_stdout_ == expected_output);
+  }
+
+  void ExpectStdoutMatchesTextFile(const std::string& filename) {
+    std::string expected_output;
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(filename, &expected_output, true));
+
+    ExpectStdoutMatchesText(expected_output);
+  }
+
+  void ExpectStdoutMatchesText(const std::string& expected_text) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(StripCR(expected_text), StripCR(captured_stdout_));
+  }
+
+  void ExpectStderrMatchesText(const std::string& expected_text) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(StripCR(expected_text), StripCR(captured_stderr_));
+  }
+
+  void ExpectStderrContainsText(const std::string& expected_text) {
+    EXPECT_NE(StripCR(captured_stderr_).find(StripCR(expected_text)),
+              std::string::npos);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void WriteUnittestProtoDescriptorSet() {
+    unittest_proto_descriptor_set_filename_ =
+        TestTempDir() + "/unittest_proto_descriptor_set.bin";
+    FileDescriptorSet file_descriptor_set;
+    protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes test_all_types;
+    test_all_types.descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(file_descriptor_set.add_file());
+
+    protobuf_unittest_import::ImportMessage import_message;
+    import_message.descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(file_descriptor_set.add_file());
+
+    protobuf_unittest_import::PublicImportMessage public_import_message;
+    public_import_message.descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(
+        file_descriptor_set.add_file());
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(file_descriptor_set.IsInitialized());
+
+    std::string binary_proto;
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(file_descriptor_set.SerializeToString(&binary_proto));
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::SetContents(unittest_proto_descriptor_set_filename_,
+                               binary_proto, true));
+  }
+
+  int duped_stdin_;
+  std::string captured_stdout_;
+  std::string captured_stderr_;
+  std::string unittest_proto_descriptor_set_filename_;
+};
+
+TEST_P(EncodeDecodeTest, Encode) {
+  RedirectStdinFromFile(TestUtil::GetTestDataPath(
+      "net/proto2/internal/"
+      "testdata/text_format_unittest_data_oneof_implemented.txt"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Run(TestUtil::MaybeTranslatePath("net/proto2/internal/unittest.proto") +
+          " --encode=protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes"));
+  ExpectStdoutMatchesBinaryFile(TestUtil::GetTestDataPath(
+      "net/proto2/internal/testdata/golden_message_oneof_implemented"));
+  ExpectStderrMatchesText("");
+}
+
+TEST_P(EncodeDecodeTest, Decode) {
+  RedirectStdinFromFile(TestUtil::GetTestDataPath(
+      "net/proto2/internal/testdata/golden_message_oneof_implemented"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Run(TestUtil::MaybeTranslatePath("net/proto2/internal/unittest.proto") +
+          " --decode=protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes"));
+  ExpectStdoutMatchesTextFile(TestUtil::GetTestDataPath(
+      "net/proto2/internal/"
+      "testdata/text_format_unittest_data_oneof_implemented.txt"));
+  ExpectStderrMatchesText("");
+}
+
+TEST_P(EncodeDecodeTest, Partial) {
+  RedirectStdinFromText("");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Run(TestUtil::MaybeTranslatePath("net/proto2/internal/unittest.proto") +
+          " --encode=protobuf_unittest.TestRequired"));
+  ExpectStdoutMatchesText("");
+  ExpectStderrMatchesText(
+      "warning:  Input message is missing required fields:  a, b, c\n");
+}
+
+TEST_P(EncodeDecodeTest, DecodeRaw) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  message.set_optional_int32(123);
+  message.set_optional_string("foo");
+  std::string data;
+  message.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  RedirectStdinFromText(data);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Run("--decode_raw"));
+  ExpectStdoutMatchesText(
+      "1: 123\n"
+      "14: \"foo\"\n");
+  ExpectStderrMatchesText("");
+}
+
+TEST_P(EncodeDecodeTest, UnknownType) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      Run(TestUtil::MaybeTranslatePath("net/proto2/internal/unittest.proto") +
+          " --encode=NoSuchType"));
+  ExpectStdoutMatchesText("");
+  ExpectStderrMatchesText("Type not defined: NoSuchType\n");
+}
+
+TEST_P(EncodeDecodeTest, ProtoParseError) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      Run("net/proto2/internal/no_such_file.proto "
+          "--encode=NoSuchType"));
+  ExpectStdoutMatchesText("");
+  ExpectStderrContainsText(
+      "net/proto2/internal/no_such_file.proto: No such file or directory\n");
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(FileDescriptorSetSource, EncodeDecodeTest,
+                         testing::Values(PROTO_PATH, DESCRIPTOR_SET_IN));
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+#endif  // !GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HEAP_CHECK_DRACONIAN
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dbef85592
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This test insures that net/proto2/proto/descriptor.pb.{h,cc} match exactly
+// what would be generated by the protocol compiler.  These files are not
+// generated automatically at build time because they are compiled into the
+// protocol compiler itself.  So, if they were auto-generated, you'd have a
+// chicken-and-egg problem.
+//
+// If this test fails, run the script
+// "generate_descriptor_proto.sh" and add
+// descriptor.pb.{h,cc} to your changelist.
+
+#include <map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/importer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util2.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+namespace {
+
+class MockErrorCollector : public MultiFileErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  MockErrorCollector() {}
+  ~MockErrorCollector() {}
+
+  std::string text_;
+
+  // implements ErrorCollector ---------------------------------------
+  void AddError(const std::string& filename, int line, int column,
+                const std::string& message) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&text_, "$0:$1:$2: $3\n", filename, line,
+                                 column, message);
+  }
+};
+
+class MockGeneratorContext : public GeneratorContext {
+ public:
+  void ExpectFileMatches(const std::string& virtual_filename,
+                         const std::string& physical_filename) {
+    auto it = files_.find(virtual_filename);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it != files_.end())
+        << "Generator failed to generate file: " << virtual_filename;
+
+    std::string expected_contents = *it->second;
+    std::string actual_contents;
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(
+        File::GetContents(TestUtil::TestSourceDir() + "/" + physical_filename,
+                          &actual_contents, true))
+        << physical_filename;
+    CleanStringLineEndings(&actual_contents, false);
+
+#ifdef WRITE_FILES  // Define to debug mismatched files.
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::SetContents("/tmp/expected.cc", expected_contents,
+                               true));
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(
+        File::SetContents("/tmp/actual.cc", actual_contents, true));
+#endif
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected_contents, actual_contents)
+        << physical_filename
+        << " needs to be regenerated.  Please run "
+           "generate_descriptor_proto.sh. "
+           "Then add this file to your CL.";
+  }
+
+  // implements GeneratorContext --------------------------------------
+
+  virtual io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* Open(const std::string& filename) {
+    auto& map_slot = files_[filename];
+    map_slot.reset(new std::string);
+    return new io::StringOutputStream(map_slot.get());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<std::string>> files_;
+};
+
+const char kDescriptorParameter[] = "dllexport_decl=PROTOBUF_EXPORT";
+const char kPluginParameter[] = "dllexport_decl=PROTOC_EXPORT";
+
+
+const char* test_protos[][2] = {
+    {"google/protobuf/descriptor", kDescriptorParameter},
+    {"google/protobuf/compiler/plugin", kPluginParameter},
+};
+
+TEST(BootstrapTest, GeneratedFilesMatch) {
+  // We need a mapping from the actual file to virtual and actual path
+  // of the data to compare to.
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vpath_map;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> rpath_map;
+  rpath_map
+      ["third_party/protobuf_legacy_opensource/src/google/protobuf/"
+       "test_messages_proto2"] =
+          "net/proto2/z_generated_example/test_messages_proto2";
+  rpath_map
+      ["third_party/protobuf_legacy_opensource/src/google/protobuf/"
+       "test_messages_proto3"] =
+          "net/proto2/z_generated_example/test_messages_proto3";
+  rpath_map["net/proto2/internal/proto2_weak"] =
+      "net/proto2/z_generated_example/proto2_weak";
+
+  DiskSourceTree source_tree;
+  source_tree.MapPath("", TestUtil::TestSourceDir());
+
+  for (auto file_parameter : test_protos) {
+    MockErrorCollector error_collector;
+    Importer importer(&source_tree, &error_collector);
+    const FileDescriptor* file =
+        importer.Import(file_parameter[0] + std::string(".proto"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(file != nullptr)
+        << "Can't import file " << file_parameter[0] + std::string(".proto")
+        << "\n";
+    EXPECT_EQ("", error_collector.text_);
+    CppGenerator generator;
+    MockGeneratorContext context;
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_INCLUDE_BASE
+    generator.set_opensource_runtime(true);
+    generator.set_runtime_include_base(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_INCLUDE_BASE);
+#endif
+    std::string error;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(generator.Generate(file, file_parameter[1], &context, &error));
+
+    std::string vpath =
+        FindWithDefault(vpath_map, file_parameter[0], file_parameter[0]);
+    std::string rpath =
+        FindWithDefault(rpath_map, file_parameter[0], file_parameter[0]);
+    context.ExpectFileMatches(vpath + ".pb.cc", rpath + ".pb.cc");
+    context.ExpectFileMatches(vpath + ".pb.h", rpath + ".pb.h");
+  }
+}
+
+// test Generate in cpp_generator.cc
+TEST(BootstrapTest, OptionNotExist) {
+  cpp::CppGenerator generator;
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+  GeneratorContext* generator_context = nullptr;
+  std::string parameter = "aaa";
+  std::string error;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(generator.Generate(
+      pool.FindFileByName("google/protobuf/descriptor.proto"), parameter,
+      generator_context, &error));
+  EXPECT_EQ(error, "Unknown generator option: " + parameter);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0a03ad40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+namespace {
+// The GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE constant is the max enum value plus 1. If the max enum value
+// is kint32max, GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE will overflow. In such cases we should omit the
+// generation of the GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE constant.
+bool ShouldGenerateArraySize(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  int32 max_value = descriptor->value(0)->number();
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->value_count(); i++) {
+    if (descriptor->value(i)->number() > max_value) {
+      max_value = descriptor->value(i)->number();
+    }
+  }
+  return max_value != kint32max;
+}
+
+// Returns the number of unique numeric enum values. This is less than
+// descriptor->value_count() when there are aliased values.
+int CountUniqueValues(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  std::set<int> values;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->value_count(); ++i) {
+    values.insert(descriptor->value(i)->number());
+  }
+  return values.size();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+EnumGenerator::EnumGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             const std::map<std::string, std::string>& vars,
+                             const Options& options)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      classname_(ClassName(descriptor, false)),
+      options_(options),
+      generate_array_size_(ShouldGenerateArraySize(descriptor)),
+      variables_(vars) {
+  variables_["classname"] = classname_;
+  variables_["classtype"] = QualifiedClassName(descriptor_, options);
+  variables_["short_name"] = descriptor_->name();
+  variables_["nested_name"] = descriptor_->name();
+  variables_["resolved_name"] = ResolveKeyword(descriptor_->name());
+  variables_["prefix"] =
+      (descriptor_->containing_type() == NULL) ? "" : classname_ + "_";
+}
+
+EnumGenerator::~EnumGenerator() {}
+
+void EnumGenerator::GenerateDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("enum ${1$$classname$$}$ : int {\n", descriptor_);
+  format.Indent();
+
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* min_value = descriptor_->value(0);
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* max_value = descriptor_->value(0);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
+    auto format_value = format;
+    format_value.Set("name", EnumValueName(descriptor_->value(i)));
+    // In C++, an value of -2147483648 gets interpreted as the negative of
+    // 2147483648, and since 2147483648 can't fit in an integer, this produces a
+    // compiler warning.  This works around that issue.
+    format_value.Set("number", Int32ToString(descriptor_->value(i)->number()));
+    format_value.Set("deprecation",
+                     DeprecatedAttribute(options_, descriptor_->value(i)));
+
+    if (i > 0) format_value(",\n");
+    format_value("${1$$prefix$$name$$}$ $deprecation$= $number$",
+                 descriptor_->value(i));
+
+    if (descriptor_->value(i)->number() < min_value->number()) {
+      min_value = descriptor_->value(i);
+    }
+    if (descriptor_->value(i)->number() > max_value->number()) {
+      max_value = descriptor_->value(i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+    // For new enum semantics: generate min and max sentinel values equal to
+    // INT32_MIN and INT32_MAX
+    if (descriptor_->value_count() > 0) format(",\n");
+    format(
+        "$classname$_$prefix$INT_MIN_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = "
+        "std::numeric_limits<$int32$>::min(),\n"
+        "$classname$_$prefix$INT_MAX_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = "
+        "std::numeric_limits<$int32$>::max()");
+  }
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("\n};\n");
+
+  format(
+      "$dllexport_decl $bool $classname$_IsValid(int value);\n"
+      "constexpr $classname$ ${1$$prefix$$short_name$_MIN$}$ = "
+      "$prefix$$2$;\n"
+      "constexpr $classname$ ${1$$prefix$$short_name$_MAX$}$ = "
+      "$prefix$$3$;\n",
+      descriptor_, EnumValueName(min_value), EnumValueName(max_value));
+
+  if (generate_array_size_) {
+    format(
+        "constexpr int ${1$$prefix$$short_name$_ARRAYSIZE$}$ = "
+        "$prefix$$short_name$_MAX + 1;\n\n",
+        descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    format(
+        "$dllexport_decl $const ::$proto_ns$::EnumDescriptor* "
+        "$classname$_descriptor();\n");
+  }
+
+  // The _Name and _Parse functions. The lite implementation is table-based, so
+  // we make sure to keep the tables hidden in the .cc file.
+  if (!HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    format("const std::string& $classname$_Name($classname$ value);\n");
+  }
+  // The _Name() function accepts the enum type itself but also any integral
+  // type.
+  format(
+      "template<typename T>\n"
+      "inline const std::string& $classname$_Name(T enum_t_value) {\n"
+      "  static_assert(::std::is_same<T, $classname$>::value ||\n"
+      "    ::std::is_integral<T>::value,\n"
+      "    \"Incorrect type passed to function $classname$_Name.\");\n");
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    format(
+        "  return ::$proto_ns$::internal::NameOfEnum(\n"
+        "    $classname$_descriptor(), enum_t_value);\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "  return $classname$_Name(static_cast<$classname$>(enum_t_value));\n");
+  }
+  format("}\n");
+
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    format(
+        "inline bool $classname$_Parse(\n"
+        "    const std::string& name, $classname$* value) {\n"
+        "  return ::$proto_ns$::internal::ParseNamedEnum<$classname$>(\n"
+        "    $classname$_descriptor(), name, value);\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "bool $classname$_Parse(\n"
+        "    const std::string& name, $classname$* value);\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumGenerator::GenerateGetEnumDescriptorSpecializations(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "template <> struct is_proto_enum< $classtype$> : ::std::true_type "
+      "{};\n");
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    format(
+        "template <>\n"
+        "inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< $classtype$>() {\n"
+        "  return $classtype$_descriptor();\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumGenerator::GenerateSymbolImports(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("typedef $classname$ $resolved_name$;\n");
+
+  for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->value_count(); j++) {
+    std::string deprecated_attr =
+        DeprecatedAttribute(options_, descriptor_->value(j));
+    format(
+        "$1$static constexpr $resolved_name$ ${2$$3$$}$ =\n"
+        "  $classname$_$3$;\n",
+        deprecated_attr, descriptor_->value(j),
+        EnumValueName(descriptor_->value(j)));
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "static inline bool $nested_name$_IsValid(int value) {\n"
+      "  return $classname$_IsValid(value);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "static constexpr $resolved_name$ ${1$$nested_name$_MIN$}$ =\n"
+      "  $classname$_$nested_name$_MIN;\n"
+      "static constexpr $resolved_name$ ${1$$nested_name$_MAX$}$ =\n"
+      "  $classname$_$nested_name$_MAX;\n",
+      descriptor_);
+  if (generate_array_size_) {
+    format(
+        "static constexpr int ${1$$nested_name$_ARRAYSIZE$}$ =\n"
+        "  $classname$_$nested_name$_ARRAYSIZE;\n",
+        descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    format(
+        "static inline const ::$proto_ns$::EnumDescriptor*\n"
+        "$nested_name$_descriptor() {\n"
+        "  return $classname$_descriptor();\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "template<typename T>\n"
+      "static inline const std::string& $nested_name$_Name(T enum_t_value) {\n"
+      "  static_assert(::std::is_same<T, $resolved_name$>::value ||\n"
+      "    ::std::is_integral<T>::value,\n"
+      "    \"Incorrect type passed to function $nested_name$_Name.\");\n"
+      "  return $classname$_Name(enum_t_value);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  format(
+      "static inline bool $nested_name$_Parse(const std::string& name,\n"
+      "    $resolved_name$* value) {\n"
+      "  return $classname$_Parse(name, value);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void EnumGenerator::GenerateMethods(int idx, io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    format(
+        "const ::$proto_ns$::EnumDescriptor* $classname$_descriptor() {\n"
+        "  ::$proto_ns$::internal::AssignDescriptors(&$desc_table$);\n"
+        "  return $file_level_enum_descriptors$[$1$];\n"
+        "}\n",
+        idx);
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "bool $classname$_IsValid(int value) {\n"
+      "  switch (value) {\n");
+
+  // Multiple values may have the same number.  Make sure we only cover
+  // each number once by first constructing a set containing all valid
+  // numbers, then printing a case statement for each element.
+
+  std::set<int> numbers;
+  for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->value_count(); j++) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value = descriptor_->value(j);
+    numbers.insert(value->number());
+  }
+
+  for (std::set<int>::iterator iter = numbers.begin(); iter != numbers.end();
+       ++iter) {
+    format("    case $1$:\n", Int32ToString(*iter));
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "      return true;\n"
+      "    default:\n"
+      "      return false;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  if (!HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    // In lite mode (where descriptors are unavailable), we generate separate
+    // tables for mapping between enum names and numbers. The _entries table
+    // contains the bulk of the data and is sorted by name, while
+    // _entries_by_number is sorted by number and just contains pointers into
+    // _entries. The two tables allow mapping from name to number and number to
+    // name, both in time logarithmic in the number of enum entries. This could
+    // probably be made faster, but for now the tables are intended to be simple
+    // and compact.
+    //
+    // Enums with allow_alias = true support multiple entries with the same
+    // numerical value. In cases where there are multiple names for the same
+    // number, we treat the first name appearing in the .proto file as the
+    // canonical one.
+    std::map<std::string, int> name_to_number;
+    std::map<int, std::string> number_to_canonical_name;
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
+      const EnumValueDescriptor* value = descriptor_->value(i);
+      name_to_number.emplace(value->name(), value->number());
+      // The same number may appear with multiple names, so we use emplace() to
+      // let the first name win.
+      number_to_canonical_name.emplace(value->number(), value->name());
+    }
+
+    format(
+        "static ::$proto_ns$::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<std::string> "
+        "$classname$_strings[$1$] = {};\n\n",
+        CountUniqueValues(descriptor_));
+
+    // We concatenate all the names for a given enum into one big string
+    // literal. If instead we store an array of string literals, the linker
+    // seems to put all enum strings for a given .proto file in the same
+    // section, which hinders its ability to strip out unused strings.
+    format("static const char $classname$_names[] =");
+    for (const auto& p : name_to_number) {
+      format("\n  \"$1$\"", p.first);
+    }
+    format(";\n\n");
+
+    format(
+        "static const ::$proto_ns$::internal::EnumEntry $classname$_entries[] "
+        "= {\n");
+    int i = 0;
+    std::map<int, int> number_to_index;
+    int data_index = 0;
+    for (const auto& p : name_to_number) {
+      format("  { {$classname$_names + $1$, $2$}, $3$ },\n", data_index,
+             p.first.size(), p.second);
+      if (number_to_canonical_name[p.second] == p.first) {
+        number_to_index.emplace(p.second, i);
+      }
+      ++i;
+      data_index += p.first.size();
+    }
+
+    format(
+        "};\n"
+        "\n"
+        "static const int $classname$_entries_by_number[] = {\n");
+    for (const auto& p : number_to_index) {
+      format("  $1$, // $2$ -> $3$\n", p.second, p.first,
+             number_to_canonical_name[p.first]);
+    }
+    format(
+        "};\n"
+        "\n");
+
+    format(
+        "const std::string& $classname$_Name(\n"
+        "    $classname$ value) {\n"
+        "  static const bool dummy =\n"
+        "      ::$proto_ns$::internal::InitializeEnumStrings(\n"
+        "          $classname$_entries,\n"
+        "          $classname$_entries_by_number,\n"
+        "          $1$, $classname$_strings);\n"
+        "  (void) dummy;\n"
+        "  int idx = ::$proto_ns$::internal::LookUpEnumName(\n"
+        "      $classname$_entries,\n"
+        "      $classname$_entries_by_number,\n"
+        "      $1$, value);\n"
+        "  return idx == -1 ? ::$proto_ns$::internal::GetEmptyString() :\n"
+        "                     $classname$_strings[idx].get();\n"
+        "}\n",
+        CountUniqueValues(descriptor_));
+    format(
+        "bool $classname$_Parse(\n"
+        "    const std::string& name, $classname$* value) {\n"
+        "  int int_value;\n"
+        "  bool success = ::$proto_ns$::internal::LookUpEnumValue(\n"
+        "      $classname$_entries, $1$, name, &int_value);\n"
+        "  if (success) {\n"
+        "    *value = static_cast<$classname$>(int_value);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return success;\n"
+        "}\n",
+        descriptor_->value_count());
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->containing_type() != NULL) {
+    std::string parent = ClassName(descriptor_->containing_type(), false);
+    // Before C++17, we must define the static constants which were
+    // declared in the header, to give the linker a place to put them.
+    // But pre-2015 MSVC++ insists that we not.
+    format(
+        "#if (__cplusplus < 201703) && "
+        "(!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)\n");
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
+      format("constexpr $classname$ $1$::$2$;\n", parent,
+             EnumValueName(descriptor_->value(i)));
+    }
+    format(
+        "constexpr $classname$ $1$::$nested_name$_MIN;\n"
+        "constexpr $classname$ $1$::$nested_name$_MAX;\n",
+        parent);
+    if (generate_array_size_) {
+      format("constexpr int $1$::$nested_name$_ARRAYSIZE;\n", parent);
+    }
+
+    format(
+        "#endif  // (__cplusplus < 201703) && "
+        "(!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)\n");
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3687f04c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.h
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_ENUM_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_ENUM_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+class EnumGenerator {
+ public:
+  // See generator.cc for the meaning of dllexport_decl.
+  EnumGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor,
+                const std::map<std::string, std::string>& vars,
+                const Options& options);
+  ~EnumGenerator();
+
+  // Generate header code defining the enum.  This code should be placed
+  // within the enum's package namespace, but NOT within any class, even for
+  // nested enums.
+  void GenerateDefinition(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate specialization of GetEnumDescriptor<MyEnum>().
+  // Precondition: in ::google::protobuf namespace.
+  void GenerateGetEnumDescriptorSpecializations(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // For enums nested within a message, generate code to import all the enum's
+  // symbols (e.g. the enum type name, all its values, etc.) into the class's
+  // namespace.  This should be placed inside the class definition in the
+  // header.
+  void GenerateSymbolImports(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  // Source file stuff.
+
+  // Generate non-inline methods related to the enum, such as IsValidValue().
+  // Goes in the .cc file. EnumDescriptors are stored in an array, idx is
+  // the index in this array that corresponds with this enum.
+  void GenerateMethods(int idx, io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  const EnumDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  const std::string classname_;
+  const Options& options_;
+  // whether to generate the *_ARRAYSIZE constant.
+  const bool generate_array_size_;
+
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+
+  friend class FileGenerator;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(EnumGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_ENUM_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7602e9fed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetEnumVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                      std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables,
+                      const Options& options) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, variables, options);
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* default_value = descriptor->default_value_enum();
+  (*variables)["type"] = QualifiedClassName(descriptor->enum_type(), options);
+  (*variables)["default"] = Int32ToString(default_value->number());
+  (*variables)["full_name"] = descriptor->full_name();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+EnumFieldGenerator::EnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       const Options& options)
+    : FieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetEnumVariables(descriptor, &variables_, options);
+}
+
+EnumFieldGenerator::~EnumFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("int $name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateAccessorDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "$deprecated_attr$$type$ ${1$$name$$}$() const;\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_$name$$}$($type$ value);\n"
+      "private:\n"
+      "$type$ ${1$_internal_$name$$}$() const;\n"
+      "void ${1$_internal_set_$name$$}$($type$ value);\n"
+      "public:\n",
+      descriptor_);
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "inline $type$ $classname$::_internal_$name$() const {\n"
+      "  return static_cast< $type$ >($name$_);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::_internal_set_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
+  if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_)) {
+    format("  assert($type$_IsValid(value));\n");
+  }
+  format(
+      "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+      "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  _internal_set_$name$(value);\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_ = $default$;\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("_internal_set_$name$(from._internal_$name$());\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("swap($name$_, other->$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_ = $default$;\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateCopyConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_ = from.$name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);\n"
+      "target = ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(\n"
+      "  $number$, this->_internal_$name$(), target);\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "total_size += $tag_size$ +\n"
+      "  "
+      "::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->_internal_$name$("
+      "));\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+EnumOneofFieldGenerator::EnumOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options)
+    : EnumFieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+}
+
+EnumOneofFieldGenerator::~EnumOneofFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void EnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "inline $type$ $classname$::_internal_$name$() const {\n"
+      "  if (_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+      "    return static_cast< $type$ >($field_member$);\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return static_cast< $type$ >($default$);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::_internal_set_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
+  if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_)) {
+    format("  assert($type$_IsValid(value));\n");
+  }
+  format(
+      "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+      "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+      "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  $field_member$ = value;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  _internal_set_$name$(value);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void EnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$field_member$ = $default$;\n");
+}
+
+void EnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Don't print any swapping code. Swapping the union will swap this field.
+}
+
+void EnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$ns$::_$classname$_default_instance_.$name$_ = $default$;\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options)
+    : FieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetEnumVariables(descriptor, &variables_, options);
+}
+
+RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::~RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GeneratePrivateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField<int> $name$_;\n");
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed() &&
+      HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    format("mutable std::atomic<int> _$name$_cached_byte_size_;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateAccessorDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "private:\n"
+      "$type$ ${1$_internal_$name$$}$(int index) const;\n"
+      "void ${1$_internal_add_$name$$}$($type$ value);\n"
+      "::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField<int>* "
+      "${1$_internal_mutable_$name$$}$();\n"
+      "public:\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$$type$ ${1$$name$$}$(int index) const;\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_$name$$}$(int index, $type$ value);\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$add_$name$$}$($type$ value);\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$const ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField<int>& "
+      "${1$$name$$}$() const;\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField<int>* "
+      "${1$mutable_$name$$}$();\n",
+      descriptor_);
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "inline $type$ $classname$::_internal_$name$(int index) const {\n"
+      "  return static_cast< $type$ >($name$_.Get(index));\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline $type$ $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_$name$(index);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$");
+  if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_)) {
+    format("  assert($type$_IsValid(value));\n");
+  }
+  format(
+      "  $name$_.Set(index, value);\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::_internal_add_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
+  if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_)) {
+    format("  assert($type$_IsValid(value));\n");
+  }
+  format(
+      "  $name$_.Add(value);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::add_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  _internal_add_$name$(value);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline const ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField<int>&\n"
+      "$classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField<int>*\n"
+      "$classname$::_internal_mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "  return &$name$_;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField<int>*\n"
+      "$classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_mutable_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateClearingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.Clear();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.MergeFrom(from.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSwappingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.InternalSwap(&other->$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Not needed for repeated fields.
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // Don't use ReadRepeatedPrimitive here so that the enum can be validated.
+  format(
+      "int value = 0;\n"
+      "DO_((::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<\n"
+      "         int, ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(\n"
+      "       input, &value)));\n");
+  if (HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_)) {
+    format("add_$name$(static_cast< $type$ >(value));\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "if ($type$_IsValid(value)) {\n"
+        "  add_$name$(static_cast< $type$ >(value));\n");
+    if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+      format(
+          "} else {\n"
+          "  mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(\n"
+          "      $number$, static_cast<$uint64$>(value));\n");
+    } else {
+      format(
+          "} else {\n"
+          "  unknown_fields_stream.WriteVarint32(tag);\n"
+          "  unknown_fields_stream.WriteVarint32(\n"
+          "      static_cast<$uint32$>(value));\n");
+    }
+    format("}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateMergeFromCodedStreamWithPacking(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (!descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+    // This path is rarely executed, so we use a non-inlined implementation.
+    if (HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_)) {
+      format(
+          "DO_((::$proto_ns$::internal::"
+          "WireFormatLite::ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(\n"
+          "       input,\n"
+          "       $number$,\n"
+          "       nullptr,\n"
+          "       nullptr,\n"
+          "       this->_internal_mutable_$name$())));\n");
+    } else if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+      format(
+          "DO_((::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormat::"
+          "ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(\n"
+          "       input,\n"
+          "       $number$,\n"
+          "       $type$_IsValid,\n"
+          "       mutable_unknown_fields(),\n"
+          "       this->_internal_mutable_$name$())));\n");
+    } else {
+      format(
+          "DO_((::$proto_ns$::internal::"
+          "WireFormatLite::ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(\n"
+          "       input,\n"
+          "       $number$,\n"
+          "       $type$_IsValid,\n"
+          "       &unknown_fields_stream,\n"
+          "       this->_internal_mutable_$name$())));\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "$uint32$ length;\n"
+        "DO_(input->ReadVarint32(&length));\n"
+        "::$proto_ns$::io::CodedInputStream::Limit limit = "
+        "input->PushLimit(static_cast<int>(length));\n"
+        "while (input->BytesUntilLimit() > 0) {\n"
+        "  int value = 0;\n"
+        "  DO_((::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<\n"
+        "         int, ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(\n"
+        "       input, &value)));\n");
+    if (HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_)) {
+      format("  add_$name$(static_cast< $type$ >(value));\n");
+    } else {
+      format(
+          "  if ($type$_IsValid(value)) {\n"
+          "    _internal_add_$name$(static_cast< $type$ >(value));\n"
+          "  } else {\n");
+      if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+        format(
+            "  mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(\n"
+            "      $number$, static_cast<$uint64$>(value));\n");
+      } else {
+        format(
+            "    unknown_fields_stream.WriteVarint32(tag);\n"
+            "    unknown_fields_stream.WriteVarint32(\n"
+            "        static_cast<$uint32$>(value));\n");
+      }
+      format("  }\n");
+    }
+    format(
+        "}\n"
+        "input->PopLimit(limit);\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+    // Write the tag and the size.
+    format(
+        "{\n"
+        "  int byte_size = "
+        "_$name$_cached_byte_size_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);\n"
+        "  if (byte_size > 0) {\n"
+        "    target = stream->WriteEnumPacked(\n"
+        "        $number$, $name$_, byte_size, target);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "for (int i = 0, n = this->_internal_$name$_size(); i < n; i++) {\n"
+        "  target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);\n"
+        "  target = ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(\n"
+        "      $number$, this->_internal_$name$(i), target);\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "{\n"
+      "  size_t data_size = 0;\n"
+      "  unsigned int count = static_cast<unsigned "
+      "int>(this->_internal_$name$_size());");
+  format.Indent();
+  format(
+      "for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n"
+      "  data_size += ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(\n"
+      "    this->_internal_$name$(static_cast<int>(i)));\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+    format(
+        "if (data_size > 0) {\n"
+        "  total_size += $tag_size$ +\n"
+        "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(\n"
+        "        static_cast<$int32$>(data_size));\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "int cached_size = ::$proto_ns$::internal::ToCachedSize(data_size);\n"
+        "_$name$_cached_byte_size_.store(cached_size,\n"
+        "                                std::memory_order_relaxed);\n"
+        "total_size += data_size;\n");
+  } else {
+    format("total_size += ($tag_size$UL * count) + data_size;\n");
+  }
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b97608ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+class EnumFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  EnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options);
+  ~EnumFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateCopyConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(EnumFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class EnumOneofFieldGenerator : public EnumFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  EnumOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                          const Options& options);
+  ~EnumOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(EnumOneofFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             const Options& options);
+  ~RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateCopyConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const {}
+  void GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergeFromCodedStreamWithPacking(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_ENUM_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a661ea7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Returns the fully-qualified class name of the message that this field
+// extends. This function is used in the Google-internal code to handle some
+// legacy cases.
+std::string ExtendeeClassName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  const Descriptor* extendee = descriptor->containing_type();
+  return ClassName(extendee, true);
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+ExtensionGenerator::ExtensionGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       const Options& options)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), options_(options) {
+  // Construct type_traits_.
+  if (descriptor_->is_repeated()) {
+    type_traits_ = "Repeated";
+  }
+
+  switch (descriptor_->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      type_traits_.append("EnumTypeTraits< ");
+      type_traits_.append(ClassName(descriptor_->enum_type(), true));
+      type_traits_.append(", ");
+      type_traits_.append(ClassName(descriptor_->enum_type(), true));
+      type_traits_.append("_IsValid>");
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      type_traits_.append("StringTypeTraits");
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      type_traits_.append("MessageTypeTraits< ");
+      type_traits_.append(ClassName(descriptor_->message_type(), true));
+      type_traits_.append(" >");
+      break;
+    default:
+      type_traits_.append("PrimitiveTypeTraits< ");
+      type_traits_.append(PrimitiveTypeName(options_, descriptor_->cpp_type()));
+      type_traits_.append(" >");
+      break;
+  }
+  SetCommonVars(options, &variables_);
+  variables_["extendee"] = ExtendeeClassName(descriptor_);
+  variables_["type_traits"] = type_traits_;
+  std::string name = descriptor_->name();
+  variables_["name"] = ResolveKeyword(name);
+  variables_["constant_name"] = FieldConstantName(descriptor_);
+  variables_["field_type"] =
+      StrCat(static_cast<int>(descriptor_->type()));
+  variables_["packed"] = descriptor_->options().packed() ? "true" : "false";
+
+  std::string scope =
+      IsScoped() ? ClassName(descriptor_->extension_scope(), false) + "::" : "";
+  variables_["scope"] = scope;
+  std::string scoped_name = scope + ResolveKeyword(name);
+  variables_["scoped_name"] = scoped_name;
+  variables_["number"] = StrCat(descriptor_->number());
+}
+
+ExtensionGenerator::~ExtensionGenerator() {}
+
+bool ExtensionGenerator::IsScoped() const {
+  return descriptor_->extension_scope() != nullptr;
+}
+
+void ExtensionGenerator::GenerateDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  // If this is a class member, it needs to be declared "static".  Otherwise,
+  // it needs to be "extern".  In the latter case, it also needs the DLL
+  // export/import specifier.
+  std::string qualifier;
+  if (!IsScoped()) {
+    qualifier = "extern";
+    if (!options_.dllexport_decl.empty()) {
+      qualifier = options_.dllexport_decl + " " + qualifier;
+    }
+  } else {
+    qualifier = "static";
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "static const int $constant_name$ = $number$;\n"
+      "$1$ ::$proto_ns$::internal::ExtensionIdentifier< $extendee$,\n"
+      "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::$type_traits$, $field_type$, $packed$ >\n"
+      "  ${2$$name$$}$;\n",
+      qualifier, descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ExtensionGenerator::GenerateDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // If we are building for lite with implicit weak fields, we want to skip over
+  // any custom options (i.e. extensions of messages from descriptor.proto).
+  // This prevents the creation of any unnecessary linker references to the
+  // descriptor messages.
+  if (options_.lite_implicit_weak_fields &&
+      descriptor_->containing_type()->file()->name() ==
+          "net/proto2/proto/descriptor.proto") {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  std::string default_str;
+  // If this is a class member, it needs to be declared in its class scope.
+  if (descriptor_->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING) {
+    // We need to declare a global string which will contain the default value.
+    // We cannot declare it at class scope because that would require exposing
+    // it in the header which would be annoying for other reasons.  So we
+    // replace :: with _ in the name and declare it as a global.
+    default_str =
+        StringReplace(variables_["scoped_name"], "::", "_", true) + "_default";
+    format("const std::string $1$($2$);\n", default_str,
+           DefaultValue(options_, descriptor_));
+  } else {
+    default_str = DefaultValue(options_, descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  // Likewise, class members need to declare the field constant variable.
+  if (IsScoped()) {
+    format(
+        "#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900\n"
+        "const int $scope$$constant_name$;\n"
+        "#endif\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "::$proto_ns$::internal::ExtensionIdentifier< $extendee$,\n"
+      "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::$type_traits$, $field_type$, $packed$ >\n"
+      "  $scoped_name$($constant_name$, $1$);\n",
+      default_str);
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72413f6b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.h
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_EXTENSION_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_EXTENSION_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class FieldDescriptor;  // descriptor.h
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+// Generates code for an extension, which may be within the scope of some
+// message or may be at file scope.  This is much simpler than FieldGenerator
+// since extensions are just simple identifiers with interesting types.
+class ExtensionGenerator {
+ public:
+  // See generator.cc for the meaning of dllexport_decl.
+  explicit ExtensionGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                              const Options& options);
+  ~ExtensionGenerator();
+
+  // Header stuff.
+  void GenerateDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  // Source file stuff.
+  void GenerateDefinition(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  bool IsScoped() const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::string type_traits_;
+  Options options_;
+
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ExtensionGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_MESSAGE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b2ca151d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+
+void SetCommonFieldVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables,
+                             const Options& options) {
+  SetCommonVars(options, variables);
+  (*variables)["ns"] = Namespace(descriptor, options);
+  (*variables)["name"] = FieldName(descriptor);
+  (*variables)["index"] = StrCat(descriptor->index());
+  (*variables)["number"] = StrCat(descriptor->number());
+  (*variables)["classname"] = ClassName(FieldScope(descriptor), false);
+  (*variables)["declared_type"] = DeclaredTypeMethodName(descriptor->type());
+  (*variables)["field_member"] = FieldName(descriptor) + "_";
+
+  (*variables)["tag_size"] = StrCat(
+      WireFormat::TagSize(descriptor->number(), descriptor->type()));
+  (*variables)["deprecated_attr"] = DeprecatedAttribute(options, descriptor);
+
+  (*variables)["set_hasbit"] = "";
+  (*variables)["clear_hasbit"] = "";
+  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+    (*variables)["set_hasbit_io"] =
+        "_Internal::set_has_" + FieldName(descriptor) + "(&_has_bits_);";
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["set_hasbit_io"] = "";
+  }
+  (*variables)["annotate_accessor"] = "";
+
+  // These variables are placeholders to pick out the beginning and ends of
+  // identifiers for annotations (when doing so with existing variables would
+  // be ambiguous or impossible). They should never be set to anything but the
+  // empty string.
+  (*variables)["{"] = "";
+  (*variables)["}"] = "";
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::SetHasBitIndex(int32 has_bit_index) {
+  if (!HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) || has_bit_index == -1) {
+    return;
+  }
+  variables_["set_hasbit"] = StrCat(
+      "_has_bits_[", has_bit_index / 32, "] |= 0x",
+      strings::Hex(1u << (has_bit_index % 32), strings::ZERO_PAD_8), "u;");
+  variables_["clear_hasbit"] = StrCat(
+      "_has_bits_[", has_bit_index / 32, "] &= ~0x",
+      strings::Hex(1u << (has_bit_index % 32), strings::ZERO_PAD_8), "u;");
+}
+
+void SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+    std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  const std::string prefix = descriptor->containing_oneof()->name() + "_.";
+  (*variables)["oneof_name"] = descriptor->containing_oneof()->name();
+  (*variables)["field_member"] =
+      StrCat(prefix, (*variables)["name"], "_");
+}
+
+FieldGenerator::~FieldGenerator() {}
+
+FieldGeneratorMap::FieldGeneratorMap(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                     const Options& options,
+                                     MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), field_generators_(descriptor->field_count()) {
+  // Construct all the FieldGenerators.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    field_generators_[i].reset(
+        MakeGenerator(descriptor->field(i), options, scc_analyzer));
+  }
+}
+
+FieldGenerator* FieldGeneratorMap::MakeGoogleInternalGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, const Options& options,
+    MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer) {
+
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+FieldGenerator* FieldGeneratorMap::MakeGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, const Options& options,
+    MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer) {
+  FieldGenerator* generator =
+      MakeGoogleInternalGenerator(field, options, scc_analyzer);
+  if (generator) {
+    return generator;
+  }
+
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (field->is_map()) {
+          return new MapFieldGenerator(field, options);
+        } else {
+          return new RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(field, options,
+                                                   scc_analyzer);
+        }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        return new RepeatedStringFieldGenerator(field, options);
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+        return new RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(field, options);
+      default:
+        return new RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(field, options);
+    }
+  } else if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        return new MessageOneofFieldGenerator(field, options, scc_analyzer);
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        return new StringOneofFieldGenerator(field, options);
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+        return new EnumOneofFieldGenerator(field, options);
+      default:
+        return new PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(field, options);
+    }
+  } else {
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        return new MessageFieldGenerator(field, options, scc_analyzer);
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        return new StringFieldGenerator(field, options);
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+        return new EnumFieldGenerator(field, options);
+      default:
+        return new PrimitiveFieldGenerator(field, options);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+FieldGeneratorMap::~FieldGeneratorMap() {}
+
+const FieldGenerator& FieldGeneratorMap::get(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(field->containing_type(), descriptor_);
+  return *field_generators_[field->index()];
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aef9aaf30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+// Helper function: set variables in the map that are the same for all
+// field code generators.
+// ['name', 'index', 'number', 'classname', 'declared_type', 'tag_size',
+// 'deprecation'].
+void SetCommonFieldVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables,
+                             const Options& options);
+
+void SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+    std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables);
+
+class FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit FieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                          const Options& options)
+      : descriptor_(descriptor), options_(options) {}
+  virtual ~FieldGenerator();
+  virtual void GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      io::Printer* printer) const final{};
+  // Generate lines of code declaring members fields of the message class
+  // needed to represent this field.  These are placed inside the message
+  // class.
+  virtual void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  // Generate static default variable for this field. These are placed inside
+  // the message class. Most field types don't need this, so the default
+  // implementation is empty.
+  virtual void GenerateStaticMembers(io::Printer* /*printer*/) const {}
+
+  // Generate prototypes for all of the accessor functions related to this
+  // field.  These are placed inside the class definition.
+  virtual void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  // Generate inline definitions of accessor functions for this field.
+  // These are placed inside the header after all class definitions.
+  virtual void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+      io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  // Generate definitions of accessors that aren't inlined.  These are
+  // placed somewhere in the .cc file.
+  // Most field types don't need this, so the default implementation is empty.
+  virtual void GenerateNonInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+      io::Printer* /*printer*/) const {}
+
+  // Generate declarations of accessors that are for internal purposes only.
+  // Most field types don't need this, so the default implementation is empty.
+  virtual void GenerateInternalAccessorDefinitions(
+      io::Printer* /*printer*/) const {}
+
+  // Generate definitions of accessors that are for internal purposes only.
+  // Most field types don't need this, so the default implementation is empty.
+  virtual void GenerateInternalAccessorDeclarations(
+      io::Printer* /*printer*/) const {}
+
+  // Generate lines of code (statements, not declarations) which clear the
+  // field.  This is used to define the clear_$name$() method
+  virtual void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  // Generate lines of code (statements, not declarations) which clear the
+  // field as part of the Clear() method for the whole message.  For message
+  // types which have field presence bits, MessageGenerator::GenerateClear
+  // will have already checked the presence bits.
+  //
+  // Since most field types can re-use GenerateClearingCode, this method is
+  // not pure virtual.
+  virtual void GenerateMessageClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+    GenerateClearingCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  // Generate lines of code (statements, not declarations) which merges the
+  // contents of the field from the current message to the target message,
+  // which is stored in the generated code variable "from".
+  // This is used to fill in the MergeFrom method for the whole message.
+  // Details of this usage can be found in message.cc under the
+  // GenerateMergeFrom method.
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  // Generates a copy constructor
+  virtual void GenerateCopyConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  // Generate lines of code (statements, not declarations) which swaps
+  // this field and the corresponding field of another message, which
+  // is stored in the generated code variable "other". This is used to
+  // define the Swap method. Details of usage can be found in
+  // message.cc under the GenerateSwap method.
+  virtual void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  // Generate initialization code for private members declared by
+  // GeneratePrivateMembers(). These go into the message class's SharedCtor()
+  // method, invoked by each of the generated constructors.
+  virtual void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  // Generate any code that needs to go in the class's SharedDtor() method,
+  // invoked by the destructor.
+  // Most field types don't need this, so the default implementation is empty.
+  virtual void GenerateDestructorCode(io::Printer* /*printer*/) const {}
+
+  // Generate a manual destructor invocation for use when the message is on an
+  // arena. The code that this method generates will be executed inside a
+  // shared-for-the-whole-message-class method registered with
+  // OwnDestructor(). The method should return |true| if it generated any code
+  // that requires a call; this allows the message generator to eliminate the
+  // OwnDestructor() registration if no fields require it.
+  virtual bool GenerateArenaDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Generate code that allocates the fields's default instance.
+  virtual void GenerateDefaultInstanceAllocator(
+      io::Printer* /*printer*/) const {}
+
+  // Generate lines to serialize this field directly to the array "target",
+  // which are placed within the message's SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray()
+  // method. This must also advance "target" past the written bytes.
+  virtual void GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+      io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  // Generate lines to compute the serialized size of this field, which
+  // are placed in the message's ByteSize() method.
+  virtual void GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  // Any tags about field layout decisions (such as inlining) to embed in the
+  // offset.
+  virtual uint32 CalculateFieldTag() const { return 0; }
+  virtual bool IsInlined() const { return false; }
+
+  void SetHasBitIndex(int32 has_bit_index);
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  const Options& options_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FieldGenerator);
+};
+
+// Convenience class which constructs FieldGenerators for a Descriptor.
+class FieldGeneratorMap {
+ public:
+  FieldGeneratorMap(const Descriptor* descriptor, const Options& options,
+                    MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer);
+  ~FieldGeneratorMap();
+
+  const FieldGenerator& get(const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  void SetHasBitIndices(const std::vector<int>& has_bit_indices_) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); ++i) {
+      field_generators_[i]->SetHasBitIndex(has_bit_indices_[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FieldGenerator>> field_generators_;
+
+  static FieldGenerator* MakeGoogleInternalGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field, const Options& options,
+      MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer);
+  static FieldGenerator* MakeGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                       const Options& options,
+                                       MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer);
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FieldGeneratorMap);
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45fd30871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1527 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.h>
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/scc.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+namespace {
+
+// When we forward-declare things, we want to create a sorted order so our
+// output is deterministic and minimizes namespace changes.
+template <class T>
+std::string GetSortKey(const T& val) {
+  return val.full_name();
+}
+
+template <>
+std::string GetSortKey<FileDescriptor>(const FileDescriptor& val) {
+  return val.name();
+}
+
+template <>
+std::string GetSortKey<SCC>(const SCC& val) {
+  return val.GetRepresentative()->full_name();
+}
+
+template <class T>
+bool CompareSortKeys(const T* a, const T* b) {
+  return GetSortKey(*a) < GetSortKey(*b);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+std::vector<const T*> Sorted(const std::unordered_set<const T*>& vals) {
+  std::vector<const T*> sorted(vals.begin(), vals.end());
+  std::sort(sorted.begin(), sorted.end(), CompareSortKeys<T>);
+  return sorted;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+FileGenerator::FileGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options)
+    : file_(file), options_(options), scc_analyzer_(options) {
+  // These variables are the same on a file level
+  SetCommonVars(options, &variables_);
+  variables_["dllexport_decl"] = options.dllexport_decl;
+  variables_["tablename"] = UniqueName("TableStruct", file_, options_);
+  variables_["file_level_metadata"] =
+      UniqueName("file_level_metadata", file_, options_);
+  variables_["desc_table"] = DescriptorTableName(file_, options_);
+  variables_["file_level_enum_descriptors"] =
+      UniqueName("file_level_enum_descriptors", file_, options_);
+  variables_["file_level_service_descriptors"] =
+      UniqueName("file_level_service_descriptors", file_, options_);
+  variables_["filename"] = file_->name();
+  variables_["package_ns"] = Namespace(file_, options);
+
+  std::vector<const Descriptor*> msgs = FlattenMessagesInFile(file);
+  for (int i = 0; i < msgs.size(); i++) {
+    // Deleted in destructor
+    MessageGenerator* msg_gen =
+        new MessageGenerator(msgs[i], variables_, i, options, &scc_analyzer_);
+    message_generators_.emplace_back(msg_gen);
+    msg_gen->AddGenerators(&enum_generators_, &extension_generators_);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    enum_generators_.emplace_back(
+        new EnumGenerator(file->enum_type(i), variables_, options));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->service_count(); i++) {
+    service_generators_.emplace_back(
+        new ServiceGenerator(file->service(i), variables_, options));
+  }
+  if (HasGenericServices(file_, options_)) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < service_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      service_generators_[i]->index_in_metadata_ = i;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension_generators_.emplace_back(
+        new ExtensionGenerator(file->extension(i), options));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->weak_dependency_count(); ++i) {
+    weak_deps_.insert(file->weak_dependency(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+    if (IsSCCRepresentative(message_generators_[i]->descriptor_)) {
+      sccs_.push_back(GetSCC(message_generators_[i]->descriptor_));
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::sort(sccs_.begin(), sccs_.end(), CompareSortKeys<SCC>);
+}
+
+FileGenerator::~FileGenerator() = default;
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateMacroUndefs(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // Only do this for protobuf's own types. There are some google3 protos using
+  // macros as field names and the generated code compiles after the macro
+  // expansion. Undefing these macros actually breaks such code.
+  if (file_->name() != "net/proto2/compiler/proto/plugin.proto" &&
+      file_->name() != "google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto") {
+    return;
+  }
+  std::vector<std::string> names_to_undef;
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  ListAllFields(file_, &fields);
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+    const std::string& name = fields[i]->name();
+    static const char* kMacroNames[] = {"major", "minor"};
+    for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(kMacroNames); ++i) {
+      if (name == kMacroNames[i]) {
+        names_to_undef.push_back(name);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < names_to_undef.size(); ++i) {
+    format(
+        "#ifdef $1$\n"
+        "#undef $1$\n"
+        "#endif\n",
+        names_to_undef[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateHeader(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  // port_def.inc must be included after all other includes.
+  IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/port_def.inc", printer);
+  format("#define $1$$ dllexport_decl$\n", FileDllExport(file_, options_));
+  GenerateMacroUndefs(printer);
+
+  // For Any support with lite protos, we need to friend AnyMetadata, so we
+  // forward-declare it here.
+  format(
+      "PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN\n"
+      "namespace internal {\n"
+      "class AnyMetadata;\n"
+      "}  // namespace internal\n"
+      "PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE\n");
+
+  GenerateGlobalStateFunctionDeclarations(printer);
+
+  GenerateForwardDeclarations(printer);
+
+  {
+    NamespaceOpener ns(Namespace(file_, options_), format);
+
+    format("\n");
+
+    GenerateEnumDefinitions(printer);
+
+    format(kThickSeparator);
+    format("\n");
+
+    GenerateMessageDefinitions(printer);
+
+    format("\n");
+    format(kThickSeparator);
+    format("\n");
+
+    GenerateServiceDefinitions(printer);
+
+    GenerateExtensionIdentifiers(printer);
+
+    format("\n");
+    format(kThickSeparator);
+    format("\n");
+
+    GenerateInlineFunctionDefinitions(printer);
+
+    format(
+        "\n"
+        "// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  // We need to specialize some templates in the ::google::protobuf namespace:
+  GenerateProto2NamespaceEnumSpecializations(printer);
+
+  format(
+      "\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)\n"
+      "\n");
+  IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/port_undef.inc", printer);
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateProtoHeader(io::Printer* printer,
+                                        const std::string& info_path) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (!options_.proto_h) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  GenerateTopHeaderGuard(printer, false);
+
+  if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    format(
+        "#ifdef SWIG\n"
+        "#error \"Do not SWIG-wrap protobufs.\"\n"
+        "#endif  // SWIG\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  if (IsBootstrapProto(options_, file_)) {
+    format("// IWYU pragma: private, include \"$1$.proto.h\"\n\n",
+           StripProto(file_->name()));
+  }
+
+  GenerateLibraryIncludes(printer);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->public_dependency_count(); i++) {
+    const FileDescriptor* dep = file_->public_dependency(i);
+    format("#include \"$1$.proto.h\"\n", StripProto(dep->name()));
+  }
+
+  format("// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)\n");
+
+  GenerateMetadataPragma(printer, info_path);
+
+  GenerateHeader(printer);
+
+  GenerateBottomHeaderGuard(printer, false);
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GeneratePBHeader(io::Printer* printer,
+                                     const std::string& info_path) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  GenerateTopHeaderGuard(printer, true);
+
+  if (options_.proto_h) {
+    std::string target_basename = StripProto(file_->name());
+    if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+      GetBootstrapBasename(options_, target_basename, &target_basename);
+    }
+    format("#include \"$1$.proto.h\"  // IWYU pragma: export\n",
+           target_basename);
+  } else {
+    GenerateLibraryIncludes(printer);
+  }
+
+  if (options_.transitive_pb_h) {
+    GenerateDependencyIncludes(printer);
+  }
+
+  // This is unfortunately necessary for some plugins. I don't see why we
+  // need two of the same insertion points.
+  // TODO(gerbens) remove this.
+  format("// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)\n");
+
+  GenerateMetadataPragma(printer, info_path);
+
+  if (!options_.proto_h) {
+    GenerateHeader(printer);
+  } else {
+    {
+      NamespaceOpener ns(Namespace(file_, options_), format);
+      format(
+          "\n"
+          "// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)\n");
+    }
+    format(
+        "\n"
+        "// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  GenerateBottomHeaderGuard(printer, true);
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::DoIncludeFile(const std::string& google3_name,
+                                  bool do_export, io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  const std::string prefix = "net/proto2/";
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(google3_name.find(prefix) == 0) << google3_name;
+
+  if (options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    std::string path = google3_name.substr(prefix.size());
+
+    path = StringReplace(path, "internal/", "", false);
+    path = StringReplace(path, "proto/", "", false);
+    path = StringReplace(path, "public/", "", false);
+    if (options_.runtime_include_base.empty()) {
+      format("#include <google/protobuf/$1$>", path);
+    } else {
+      format("#include \"$1$google/protobuf/$2$\"",
+             options_.runtime_include_base, path);
+    }
+  } else {
+    format("#include \"$1$\"", google3_name);
+  }
+
+  if (do_export) {
+    format("  // IWYU pragma: export");
+  }
+
+  format("\n");
+}
+
+std::string FileGenerator::CreateHeaderInclude(const std::string& basename,
+                                               const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  bool use_system_include = false;
+  std::string name = basename;
+
+  if (options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    if (IsWellKnownMessage(file)) {
+      if (options_.runtime_include_base.empty()) {
+        use_system_include = true;
+      } else {
+        name = options_.runtime_include_base + basename;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string left = "\"";
+  std::string right = "\"";
+  if (use_system_include) {
+    left = "<";
+    right = ">";
+  }
+  return left + name + right;
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateSourceIncludes(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  std::string target_basename = StripProto(file_->name());
+  if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    GetBootstrapBasename(options_, target_basename, &target_basename);
+  }
+  target_basename += options_.proto_h ? ".proto.h" : ".pb.h";
+  format(
+      "// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+      "// source: $filename$\n"
+      "\n"
+      "#include $1$\n"
+      "\n"
+      "#include <algorithm>\n"  // for swap()
+      "\n",
+      CreateHeaderInclude(target_basename, file_));
+
+  IncludeFile("net/proto2/io/public/coded_stream.h", printer);
+  // TODO(gerbens) This is to include parse_context.h, we need a better way
+  IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/extension_set.h", printer);
+  IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/wire_format_lite.h", printer);
+
+  // Unknown fields implementation in lite mode uses StringOutputStream
+  if (!UseUnknownFieldSet(file_, options_) && !message_generators_.empty()) {
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/io/public/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h", printer);
+  }
+
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, options_)) {
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/descriptor.h", printer);
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/generated_message_reflection.h", printer);
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/reflection_ops.h", printer);
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/wire_format.h", printer);
+  }
+  if (IsProto2MessageSetFile(file_, options_)) {
+    format(
+        // Implementation of proto1 MessageSet API methods.
+        "#include \"net/proto2/internal/message_set_util.h\"\n");
+  }
+
+  if (options_.proto_h) {
+    // Use the smaller .proto.h files.
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); i++) {
+      const FileDescriptor* dep = file_->dependency(i);
+      // Do not import weak deps.
+      if (!options_.opensource_runtime && IsDepWeak(dep)) continue;
+      std::string basename = StripProto(dep->name());
+      if (IsBootstrapProto(options_, file_)) {
+        GetBootstrapBasename(options_, basename, &basename);
+      }
+      format("#include \"$1$.proto.h\"\n", basename);
+    }
+  }
+
+  format("// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)\n");
+  IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/port_def.inc", printer);
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateSourceDefaultInstance(int idx,
+                                                  io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  MessageGenerator* generator = message_generators_[idx].get();
+  format(
+      "class $1$ {\n"
+      " public:\n"
+      "  ::$proto_ns$::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<$2$> _instance;\n",
+      DefaultInstanceType(generator->descriptor_, options_),
+      generator->classname_);
+  format.Indent();
+  generator->GenerateExtraDefaultFields(printer);
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("} $1$;\n", DefaultInstanceName(generator->descriptor_, options_));
+  if (options_.lite_implicit_weak_fields) {
+    format("$1$DefaultTypeInternal* $2$ = &$3$;\n", generator->classname_,
+           DefaultInstancePtr(generator->descriptor_, options_),
+           DefaultInstanceName(generator->descriptor_, options_));
+  }
+}
+
+// A list of things defined in one .pb.cc file that we need to reference from
+// another .pb.cc file.
+struct FileGenerator::CrossFileReferences {
+  // Populated if we are referencing from messages or files.
+  std::unordered_set<const SCC*> strong_sccs;
+  std::unordered_set<const SCC*> weak_sccs;
+  std::unordered_set<const Descriptor*> weak_default_instances;
+
+  // Only if we are referencing from files.
+  std::unordered_set<const FileDescriptor*> strong_reflection_files;
+  std::unordered_set<const FileDescriptor*> weak_reflection_files;
+};
+
+void FileGenerator::GetCrossFileReferencesForField(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                                   CrossFileReferences* refs) {
+  const Descriptor* msg = field->message_type();
+  if (msg == nullptr) return;
+  const SCC* scc = GetSCC(msg);
+
+  if (IsImplicitWeakField(field, options_, &scc_analyzer_) ||
+      IsWeak(field, options_)) {
+    refs->weak_sccs.insert(scc);
+    refs->weak_default_instances.insert(msg);
+  } else {
+    refs->strong_sccs.insert(scc);
+    // We don't need to declare default instances, because it is declared in the
+    // .proto.h file we imported.
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GetCrossFileReferencesForFile(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                                  CrossFileReferences* refs) {
+  ForEachField(file, [this, refs](const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+    GetCrossFileReferencesForField(field, refs);
+  });
+
+  if (!HasDescriptorMethods(file, options_)) return;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    const FileDescriptor* dep = file->dependency(i);
+    if (IsDepWeak(dep)) {
+      refs->weak_reflection_files.insert(dep);
+    } else {
+      refs->strong_reflection_files.insert(dep);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Generates references to variables defined in other files.
+void FileGenerator::GenerateInternalForwardDeclarations(
+    const CrossFileReferences& refs, io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  for (auto scc : Sorted(refs.strong_sccs)) {
+    format("extern $1$ ::$proto_ns$::internal::SCCInfo<$2$> $3$;\n",
+           FileDllExport(scc->GetFile(), options_), scc->children.size(),
+           SccInfoSymbol(scc, options_));
+  }
+
+  for (auto scc : Sorted(refs.weak_sccs)) {
+    // We do things a little bit differently for proto1-style weak fields versus
+    // lite implicit weak fields, even though they are trying to accomplish
+    // similar things. We need to support implicit weak fields on iOS, and the
+    // Apple linker only supports weak definitions, not weak declarations. For
+    // that reason we need a pointer type which we can weakly define to be null.
+    // However, code size considerations prevent us from using the same approach
+    // for proto1-style weak fields.
+    if (options_.lite_implicit_weak_fields) {
+      format("extern ::$proto_ns$::internal::SCCInfo<$1$> $2$;\n",
+             scc->children.size(), SccInfoSymbol(scc, options_));
+      format(
+          "__attribute__((weak)) ::$proto_ns$::internal::SCCInfo<$1$>*\n"
+          "    $2$ = nullptr;\n",
+          scc->children.size(), SccInfoPtrSymbol(scc, options_));
+    } else {
+      format(
+          "extern __attribute__((weak)) ::$proto_ns$::internal::SCCInfo<$1$> "
+          "$2$;\n",
+          scc->children.size(), SccInfoSymbol(scc, options_));
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    NamespaceOpener ns(format);
+    for (auto instance : Sorted(refs.weak_default_instances)) {
+      ns.ChangeTo(Namespace(instance, options_));
+      if (options_.lite_implicit_weak_fields) {
+        format("extern $1$ $2$;\n", DefaultInstanceType(instance, options_),
+               DefaultInstanceName(instance, options_));
+        format("__attribute__((weak)) $1$* $2$ = nullptr;\n",
+               DefaultInstanceType(instance, options_),
+               DefaultInstancePtr(instance, options_));
+      } else {
+        format("extern __attribute__((weak)) $1$ $2$;\n",
+               DefaultInstanceType(instance, options_),
+               DefaultInstanceName(instance, options_));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (auto file : Sorted(refs.weak_reflection_files)) {
+    format(
+        "extern __attribute__((weak)) const "
+        "::$proto_ns$::internal::DescriptorTable $1$;\n",
+        DescriptorTableName(file, options_));
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateSourceForMessage(int idx, io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  GenerateSourceIncludes(printer);
+
+  // Generate weak declarations. We do this for the whole strongly-connected
+  // component (SCC), because we have a single InitDefaults* function for the
+  // SCC.
+  CrossFileReferences refs;
+  for (const Descriptor* message :
+       scc_analyzer_.GetSCC(message_generators_[idx]->descriptor_)
+           ->descriptors) {
+    ForEachField(message, [this, &refs](const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+      GetCrossFileReferencesForField(field, &refs);
+    });
+  }
+  GenerateInternalForwardDeclarations(refs, printer);
+
+  if (IsSCCRepresentative(message_generators_[idx]->descriptor_)) {
+    GenerateInitForSCC(GetSCC(message_generators_[idx]->descriptor_), refs,
+                       printer);
+  }
+
+  {  // package namespace
+    NamespaceOpener ns(Namespace(file_, options_), format);
+
+    // Define default instances
+    GenerateSourceDefaultInstance(idx, printer);
+
+    // Generate classes.
+    format("\n");
+    message_generators_[idx]->GenerateClassMethods(printer);
+
+    format(
+        "\n"
+        "// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)\n");
+  }  // end package namespace
+
+  {
+    NamespaceOpener proto_ns(ProtobufNamespace(options_), format);
+    message_generators_[idx]->GenerateSourceInProto2Namespace(printer);
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)\n");
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateGlobalSource(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  GenerateSourceIncludes(printer);
+
+  {
+    GenerateTables(printer);
+
+    // Define the code to initialize reflection. This code uses a global
+    // constructor to register reflection data with the runtime pre-main.
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, options_)) {
+      GenerateReflectionInitializationCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  NamespaceOpener ns(Namespace(file_, options_), format);
+
+  // Generate enums.
+  for (int i = 0; i < enum_generators_.size(); i++) {
+    enum_generators_[i]->GenerateMethods(i, printer);
+  }
+
+  // Define extensions.
+  for (int i = 0; i < extension_generators_.size(); i++) {
+    extension_generators_[i]->GenerateDefinition(printer);
+  }
+
+  if (HasGenericServices(file_, options_)) {
+    // Generate services.
+    for (int i = 0; i < service_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      if (i == 0) format("\n");
+      format(kThickSeparator);
+      format("\n");
+      service_generators_[i]->GenerateImplementation(printer);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  GenerateSourceIncludes(printer);
+  CrossFileReferences refs;
+  GetCrossFileReferencesForFile(file_, &refs);
+  GenerateInternalForwardDeclarations(refs, printer);
+
+  {
+    NamespaceOpener ns(Namespace(file_, options_), format);
+
+    // Define default instances
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      GenerateSourceDefaultInstance(i, printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    GenerateTables(printer);
+
+    // Now generate the InitDefaults for each SCC.
+    for (auto scc : sccs_) {
+      GenerateInitForSCC(scc, refs, printer);
+    }
+
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, options_)) {
+      // Define the code to initialize reflection. This code uses a global
+      // constructor to register reflection data with the runtime pre-main.
+      GenerateReflectionInitializationCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    NamespaceOpener ns(Namespace(file_, options_), format);
+
+    // Actually implement the protos
+
+    // Generate enums.
+    for (int i = 0; i < enum_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      enum_generators_[i]->GenerateMethods(i, printer);
+    }
+
+    // Generate classes.
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      format("\n");
+      format(kThickSeparator);
+      format("\n");
+      message_generators_[i]->GenerateClassMethods(printer);
+    }
+
+    if (HasGenericServices(file_, options_)) {
+      // Generate services.
+      for (int i = 0; i < service_generators_.size(); i++) {
+        if (i == 0) format("\n");
+        format(kThickSeparator);
+        format("\n");
+        service_generators_[i]->GenerateImplementation(printer);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Define extensions.
+    for (int i = 0; i < extension_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      extension_generators_[i]->GenerateDefinition(printer);
+    }
+
+    format(
+        "\n"
+        "// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)\n");
+  }
+
+  {
+    NamespaceOpener proto_ns(ProtobufNamespace(options_), format);
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      message_generators_[i]->GenerateSourceInProto2Namespace(printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)\n");
+
+  IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/port_undef.inc", printer);
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateReflectionInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  if (!message_generators_.empty()) {
+    format("static ::$proto_ns$::Metadata $file_level_metadata$[$1$];\n",
+           message_generators_.size());
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "static "
+        "constexpr ::$proto_ns$::Metadata* $file_level_metadata$ = nullptr;\n");
+  }
+  if (!enum_generators_.empty()) {
+    format(
+        "static "
+        "const ::$proto_ns$::EnumDescriptor* "
+        "$file_level_enum_descriptors$[$1$];\n",
+        enum_generators_.size());
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "static "
+        "constexpr ::$proto_ns$::EnumDescriptor const** "
+        "$file_level_enum_descriptors$ = nullptr;\n");
+  }
+  if (HasGenericServices(file_, options_) && file_->service_count() > 0) {
+    format(
+        "static "
+        "const ::$proto_ns$::ServiceDescriptor* "
+        "$file_level_service_descriptors$[$1$];\n",
+        file_->service_count());
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "static "
+        "constexpr ::$proto_ns$::ServiceDescriptor const** "
+        "$file_level_service_descriptors$ = nullptr;\n");
+  }
+
+  if (!message_generators_.empty()) {
+    format(
+        "\n"
+        "const $uint32$ $tablename$::offsets[] "
+        "PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {\n");
+    format.Indent();
+    std::vector<std::pair<size_t, size_t> > pairs;
+    pairs.reserve(message_generators_.size());
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      pairs.push_back(message_generators_[i]->GenerateOffsets(printer));
+    }
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        "};\n"
+        "static const ::$proto_ns$::internal::MigrationSchema schemas[] "
+        "PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {\n");
+    format.Indent();
+    {
+      int offset = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+        message_generators_[i]->GenerateSchema(printer, offset,
+                                               pairs[i].second);
+        offset += pairs[i].first;
+      }
+    }
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        "};\n"
+        "\nstatic "
+        "::$proto_ns$::Message const * const file_default_instances[] = {\n");
+    format.Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      const Descriptor* descriptor = message_generators_[i]->descriptor_;
+      format(
+          "reinterpret_cast<const "
+          "::$proto_ns$::Message*>(&$1$::_$2$_default_instance_),\n",
+          Namespace(descriptor, options_),  // 1
+          ClassName(descriptor));           // 2
+    }
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        "};\n"
+        "\n");
+  } else {
+    // we still need these symbols to exist
+    format(
+        // MSVC doesn't like empty arrays, so we add a dummy.
+        "const $uint32$ $tablename$::offsets[1] = {};\n"
+        "static constexpr ::$proto_ns$::internal::MigrationSchema* schemas = "
+        "nullptr;"
+        "\n"
+        "static constexpr ::$proto_ns$::Message* const* "
+        "file_default_instances = nullptr;\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Embed the descriptor.  We simply serialize the entire
+  // FileDescriptorProto/ and embed it as a string literal, which is parsed and
+  // built into real descriptors at initialization time.
+  const std::string protodef_name =
+      UniqueName("descriptor_table_protodef", file_, options_);
+  format("const char $1$[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =\n",
+         protodef_name);
+  format.Indent();
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  file_->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+  std::string file_data;
+  file_proto.SerializeToString(&file_data);
+
+  {
+    if (file_data.size() > 65535) {
+      // Workaround for MSVC: "Error C1091: compiler limit: string exceeds
+      // 65535 bytes in length". Declare a static array of chars rather than
+      // use a string literal. Only write 25 bytes per line.
+      static const int kBytesPerLine = 25;
+      format("{ ");
+      for (int i = 0; i < file_data.size();) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < kBytesPerLine && i < file_data.size(); ++i, ++j) {
+          format("'$1$', ", CEscape(file_data.substr(i, 1)));
+        }
+        format("\n");
+      }
+      format("'\\0' }");  // null-terminate
+    } else {
+      // Only write 40 bytes per line.
+      static const int kBytesPerLine = 40;
+      for (int i = 0; i < file_data.size(); i += kBytesPerLine) {
+        format(
+            "\"$1$\"\n",
+            EscapeTrigraphs(CEscape(file_data.substr(i, kBytesPerLine))));
+      }
+    }
+    format(";\n");
+  }
+  format.Outdent();
+
+  CrossFileReferences refs;
+  GetCrossFileReferencesForFile(file_, &refs);
+  int num_deps =
+      refs.strong_reflection_files.size() + refs.weak_reflection_files.size();
+
+  // Build array of DescriptorTable deps.
+  format(
+      "static const ::$proto_ns$::internal::DescriptorTable*const "
+      "$desc_table$_deps[$1$] = {\n",
+      std::max(num_deps, 1));
+
+  for (auto dep : Sorted(refs.strong_reflection_files)) {
+    format("  &::$1$,\n", DescriptorTableName(dep, options_));
+  }
+  for (auto dep : Sorted(refs.weak_reflection_files)) {
+    format("  &::$1$,\n", DescriptorTableName(dep, options_));
+  }
+
+  format("};\n");
+
+  // Build array of SCCs from this file.
+  format(
+      "static ::$proto_ns$::internal::SCCInfoBase*const "
+      "$desc_table$_sccs[$1$] = {\n",
+      std::max<int>(sccs_.size(), 1));
+
+  for (auto scc : sccs_) {
+    format("  &$1$.base,\n", SccInfoSymbol(scc, options_));
+  }
+
+  format("};\n");
+
+  // The DescriptorTable itself.
+  format(
+      "static ::$proto_ns$::internal::once_flag $desc_table$_once;\n"
+      "static bool $desc_table$_initialized = false;\n"
+      "const ::$proto_ns$::internal::DescriptorTable $desc_table$ = {\n"
+      "  &$desc_table$_initialized, $1$, \"$filename$\", $2$,\n"
+      "  &$desc_table$_once, $desc_table$_sccs, $desc_table$_deps, $3$, $4$,\n"
+      "  schemas, file_default_instances, $tablename$::offsets,\n"
+      "  $file_level_metadata$, $5$, $file_level_enum_descriptors$, "
+      "$file_level_service_descriptors$,\n"
+      "};\n\n",
+      protodef_name, file_data.size(), sccs_.size(), num_deps,
+      message_generators_.size());
+
+  // For descriptor.proto we want to avoid doing any dynamic initialization,
+  // because in some situations that would otherwise pull in a lot of
+  // unnecessary code that can't be stripped by --gc-sections. Descriptor
+  // initialization will still be performed lazily when it's needed.
+  if (file_->name() != "net/proto2/proto/descriptor.proto") {
+    format(
+        "// Force running AddDescriptors() at dynamic initialization time.\n"
+        "static bool $1$ = ("
+        "  ::$proto_ns$::internal::AddDescriptors(&$desc_table$), true);\n",
+        UniqueName("dynamic_init_dummy", file_, options_));
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateInitForSCC(const SCC* scc,
+                                       const CrossFileReferences& refs,
+                                       io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // We use static and not anonymous namespace because symbol names are
+  // substantially shorter.
+  format("static void InitDefaults$1$() {\n", SccInfoSymbol(scc, options_));
+
+  if (options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    format("  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;\n\n");
+  }
+
+  format.Indent();
+
+  // First construct all the necessary default instances.
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+    if (scc_analyzer_.GetSCC(message_generators_[i]->descriptor_) != scc) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    // TODO(gerbens) This requires this function to be friend. Remove
+    // the need for this.
+    message_generators_[i]->GenerateFieldDefaultInstances(printer);
+    format(
+        "{\n"
+        "  void* ptr = &$1$;\n"
+        "  new (ptr) $2$();\n",
+        QualifiedDefaultInstanceName(message_generators_[i]->descriptor_,
+                                     options_),
+        QualifiedClassName(message_generators_[i]->descriptor_, options_));
+    if (options_.opensource_runtime &&
+        !IsMapEntryMessage(message_generators_[i]->descriptor_)) {
+      format(
+          "  "
+          "::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);"
+          "\n");
+    }
+    format("}\n");
+  }
+
+  // TODO(gerbens) make default instances be the same as normal instances.
+  // Default instances differ from normal instances because they have cross
+  // linked message fields.
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+    if (scc_analyzer_.GetSCC(message_generators_[i]->descriptor_) != scc) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    format("$1$::InitAsDefaultInstance();\n",
+           QualifiedClassName(message_generators_[i]->descriptor_, options_));
+  }
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n\n");
+
+  // If we are using lite implicit weak fields then we need to distinguish
+  // between regular SCC dependencies and ones that we need to reference weakly
+  // through an extra pointer indirection.
+  std::vector<const SCC*> regular_sccs;
+  std::vector<const SCC*> implicit_weak_sccs;
+  for (const SCC* child : scc->children) {
+    if (options_.lite_implicit_weak_fields &&
+        refs.weak_sccs.find(child) != refs.weak_sccs.end()) {
+      implicit_weak_sccs.push_back(child);
+    } else {
+      regular_sccs.push_back(child);
+    }
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "$dllexport_decl $::$proto_ns$::internal::SCCInfo<$1$> $2$ =\n"
+      "    "
+      "{{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::$proto_ns$::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), "
+      "$3$, $4$, InitDefaults$2$}, {",
+      scc->children.size(),  // 1
+      SccInfoSymbol(scc, options_), regular_sccs.size(),
+      implicit_weak_sccs.size());
+  for (const SCC* child : regular_sccs) {
+    format("\n      &$1$.base,", SccInfoSymbol(child, options_));
+  }
+  for (const SCC* child : implicit_weak_sccs) {
+    format(
+        "\n      reinterpret_cast<::$proto_ns$::internal::SCCInfoBase**>("
+        "\n          &$1$),",
+        SccInfoPtrSymbol(child, options_));
+  }
+  format("}};\n\n");
+
+  if (options_.lite_implicit_weak_fields) {
+    format(
+        "$dllexport_decl $::$proto_ns$::internal::SCCInfo<$1$>*\n"
+        "    $2$ = &$3$;\n\n",
+        scc->children.size(), SccInfoPtrSymbol(scc, options_),
+        SccInfoSymbol(scc, options_));
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateTables(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (options_.table_driven_parsing) {
+    // TODO(ckennelly): Gate this with the same options flag to enable
+    // table-driven parsing.
+    format(
+        "PROTOBUF_CONSTEXPR_VAR ::$proto_ns$::internal::ParseTableField\n"
+        "    const $tablename$::entries[] "
+        "PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {\n");
+    format.Indent();
+
+    std::vector<size_t> entries;
+    size_t count = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      size_t value = message_generators_[i]->GenerateParseOffsets(printer);
+      entries.push_back(value);
+      count += value;
+    }
+
+    // We need these arrays to exist, and MSVC does not like empty arrays.
+    if (count == 0) {
+      format("{0, 0, 0, ::$proto_ns$::internal::kInvalidMask, 0, 0},\n");
+    }
+
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        "};\n"
+        "\n"
+        "PROTOBUF_CONSTEXPR_VAR "
+        "::$proto_ns$::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField\n"
+        "    const $tablename$::aux[] "
+        "PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {\n");
+    format.Indent();
+
+    std::vector<size_t> aux_entries;
+    count = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      size_t value = message_generators_[i]->GenerateParseAuxTable(printer);
+      aux_entries.push_back(value);
+      count += value;
+    }
+
+    if (count == 0) {
+      format("::$proto_ns$::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField(),\n");
+    }
+
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        "};\n"
+        "PROTOBUF_CONSTEXPR_VAR ::$proto_ns$::internal::ParseTable const\n"
+        "    $tablename$::schema[] "
+        "PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {\n");
+    format.Indent();
+
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    size_t aux_offset = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      message_generators_[i]->GenerateParseTable(printer, offset, aux_offset);
+      offset += entries[i];
+      aux_offset += aux_entries[i];
+    }
+
+    if (message_generators_.empty()) {
+      format("{ nullptr, nullptr, 0, -1, -1, false },\n");
+    }
+
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        "};\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  if (!message_generators_.empty() && options_.table_driven_serialization) {
+    format(
+        "const ::$proto_ns$::internal::FieldMetadata "
+        "$tablename$::field_metadata[] "
+        "= {\n");
+    format.Indent();
+    std::vector<int> field_metadata_offsets;
+    int idx = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      field_metadata_offsets.push_back(idx);
+      idx += message_generators_[i]->GenerateFieldMetadata(printer);
+    }
+    field_metadata_offsets.push_back(idx);
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        "};\n"
+        "const ::$proto_ns$::internal::SerializationTable "
+        "$tablename$::serialization_table[] = {\n");
+    format.Indent();
+    // We rely on the order we layout the tables to match the order we
+    // calculate them with FlattenMessagesInFile, so we check here that
+    // these match exactly.
+    std::vector<const Descriptor*> calculated_order =
+        FlattenMessagesInFile(file_);
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(calculated_order.size(), message_generators_.size());
+    for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(calculated_order[i], message_generators_[i]->descriptor_);
+      format("{$1$, $tablename$::field_metadata + $2$},\n",
+             field_metadata_offsets[i + 1] - field_metadata_offsets[i],  // 1
+             field_metadata_offsets[i]);                                 // 2
+    }
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        "};\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+}
+
+class FileGenerator::ForwardDeclarations {
+ public:
+  void AddMessage(const Descriptor* d) { classes_[ClassName(d)] = d; }
+  void AddEnum(const EnumDescriptor* d) { enums_[ClassName(d)] = d; }
+
+  void Print(const Formatter& format, const Options& options) const {
+    for (const auto& p : enums_) {
+      const std::string& enumname = p.first;
+      const EnumDescriptor* enum_desc = p.second;
+      format(
+          "enum ${1$$2$$}$ : int;\n"
+          "bool $2$_IsValid(int value);\n",
+          enum_desc, enumname);
+    }
+    for (const auto& p : classes_) {
+      const std::string& classname = p.first;
+      const Descriptor* class_desc = p.second;
+      format(
+          "class ${1$$2$$}$;\n"
+          "class $3$;\n"
+          "$dllexport_decl $extern $3$ $4$;\n",
+          class_desc, classname, DefaultInstanceType(class_desc, options),
+          DefaultInstanceName(class_desc, options));
+    }
+  }
+
+  void PrintTopLevelDecl(const Formatter& format,
+                         const Options& options) const {
+    for (const auto& pair : classes_) {
+      format(
+          "template<> $dllexport_decl $"
+          "$1$* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<$1$>(Arena*);\n",
+          QualifiedClassName(pair.second, options));
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::map<std::string, const Descriptor*> classes_;
+  std::map<std::string, const EnumDescriptor*> enums_;
+};
+
+static void PublicImportDFS(const FileDescriptor* fd,
+                            std::unordered_set<const FileDescriptor*>* fd_set) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < fd->public_dependency_count(); i++) {
+    const FileDescriptor* dep = fd->public_dependency(i);
+    if (fd_set->insert(dep).second) PublicImportDFS(dep, fd_set);
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateForwardDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  std::vector<const Descriptor*> classes;
+  std::vector<const EnumDescriptor*> enums;
+
+  FlattenMessagesInFile(file_, &classes);  // All messages need forward decls.
+
+  if (options_.proto_h) {  // proto.h needs extra forward declarations.
+    // All classes / enums refered to as field members
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+    ListAllFields(file_, &fields);
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+      classes.push_back(fields[i]->containing_type());
+      classes.push_back(fields[i]->message_type());
+      enums.push_back(fields[i]->enum_type());
+    }
+    ListAllTypesForServices(file_, &classes);
+  }
+
+  // Calculate the set of files whose definitions we get through include.
+  // No need to forward declare types that are defined in these.
+  std::unordered_set<const FileDescriptor*> public_set;
+  PublicImportDFS(file_, &public_set);
+
+  std::map<std::string, ForwardDeclarations> decls;
+  for (int i = 0; i < classes.size(); i++) {
+    const Descriptor* d = classes[i];
+    if (d && !public_set.count(d->file()))
+      decls[Namespace(d, options_)].AddMessage(d);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < enums.size(); i++) {
+    const EnumDescriptor* d = enums[i];
+    if (d && !public_set.count(d->file()))
+      decls[Namespace(d, options_)].AddEnum(d);
+  }
+
+
+  {
+    NamespaceOpener ns(format);
+    for (const auto& pair : decls) {
+      ns.ChangeTo(pair.first);
+      pair.second.Print(format, options_);
+    }
+  }
+  format("PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN\n");
+  for (const auto& pair : decls) {
+    pair.second.PrintTopLevelDecl(format, options_);
+  }
+  format("PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE\n");
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateTopHeaderGuard(io::Printer* printer, bool pb_h) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // Generate top of header.
+  format(
+      "// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+      "// source: $filename$\n"
+      "\n"
+      "#ifndef $1$\n"
+      "#define $1$\n"
+      "\n"
+      "#include <limits>\n"
+      "#include <string>\n",
+      IncludeGuard(file_, pb_h, options_));
+  if (!options_.opensource_runtime && !enum_generators_.empty()) {
+    // Add header to provide std::is_integral for safe Enum_Name() function.
+    format("#include <type_traits>\n");
+  }
+  format("\n");
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateBottomHeaderGuard(io::Printer* printer, bool pb_h) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("#endif  // $GOOGLE_PROTOBUF$_INCLUDED_$1$\n",
+         IncludeGuard(file_, pb_h, options_));
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateLibraryIncludes(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (UsingImplicitWeakFields(file_, options_)) {
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/implicit_weak_message.h", printer);
+  }
+  if (HasWeakFields(file_, options_)) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(!options_.opensource_runtime);
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/weak_field_map.h", printer);
+  }
+  if (HasLazyFields(file_, options_)) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(!options_.opensource_runtime);
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/lazy_field.h", printer);
+  }
+
+  if (options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    // Verify the protobuf library header version is compatible with the protoc
+    // version before going any further.
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/port_def.inc", printer);
+    format(
+        "#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < $1$\n"
+        "#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is\n"
+        "#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update\n"
+        "#error your headers.\n"
+        "#endif\n"
+        "#if $2$ < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION\n"
+        "#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which "
+        "is\n"
+        "#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please\n"
+        "#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.\n"
+        "#endif\n"
+        "\n",
+        PROTOBUF_MIN_HEADER_VERSION_FOR_PROTOC,  // 1
+        PROTOBUF_VERSION);                       // 2
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/port_undef.inc", printer);
+  }
+
+  // OK, it's now safe to #include other files.
+  IncludeFile("net/proto2/io/public/coded_stream.h", printer);
+  IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/arena.h", printer);
+  IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/arenastring.h", printer);
+  IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/generated_message_table_driven.h", printer);
+  IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/generated_message_util.h", printer);
+  IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/inlined_string_field.h", printer);
+
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, options_)) {
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/metadata.h", printer);
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/generated_message_reflection.h", printer);
+  } else {
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/metadata_lite.h", printer);
+  }
+
+  if (!message_generators_.empty()) {
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, options_)) {
+      IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/message.h", printer);
+    } else {
+      IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/message_lite.h", printer);
+    }
+  }
+  if (options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    // Open-source relies on unconditional includes of these.
+    IncludeFileAndExport("net/proto2/public/repeated_field.h", printer);
+    IncludeFileAndExport("net/proto2/public/extension_set.h", printer);
+  } else {
+    // Google3 includes these files only when they are necessary.
+    if (HasExtensionsOrExtendableMessage(file_)) {
+      IncludeFileAndExport("net/proto2/public/extension_set.h", printer);
+    }
+    if (HasRepeatedFields(file_)) {
+      IncludeFileAndExport("net/proto2/public/repeated_field.h", printer);
+    }
+    if (HasStringPieceFields(file_, options_)) {
+      IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/string_piece_field_support.h", printer);
+    }
+    if (HasCordFields(file_, options_)) {
+      format("#include \"third_party/absl/strings/cord.h\"\n");
+    }
+  }
+  if (HasMapFields(file_)) {
+    IncludeFileAndExport("net/proto2/public/map.h", printer);
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, options_)) {
+      IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/map_entry.h", printer);
+      IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/map_field_inl.h", printer);
+    } else {
+      IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/map_entry_lite.h", printer);
+      IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/map_field_lite.h", printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (HasEnumDefinitions(file_)) {
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, options_)) {
+      IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/generated_enum_reflection.h", printer);
+    } else {
+      IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/generated_enum_util.h", printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (HasGenericServices(file_, options_)) {
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/service.h", printer);
+  }
+
+  if (UseUnknownFieldSet(file_, options_) && !message_generators_.empty()) {
+    IncludeFile("net/proto2/public/unknown_field_set.h", printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateMetadataPragma(io::Printer* printer,
+                                           const std::string& info_path) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (!info_path.empty() && !options_.annotation_pragma_name.empty() &&
+      !options_.annotation_guard_name.empty()) {
+    format.Set("guard", options_.annotation_guard_name);
+    format.Set("pragma", options_.annotation_pragma_name);
+    format.Set("info_path", info_path);
+    format(
+        "#ifdef $guard$\n"
+        "#pragma $pragma$ \"$info_path$\"\n"
+        "#endif  // $guard$\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateDependencyIncludes(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    std::string basename = StripProto(file_->dependency(i)->name());
+
+    // Do not import weak deps.
+    if (IsDepWeak(file_->dependency(i))) continue;
+
+    if (IsBootstrapProto(options_, file_)) {
+      GetBootstrapBasename(options_, basename, &basename);
+    }
+
+    format("#include $1$\n",
+           CreateHeaderInclude(basename + ".pb.h", file_->dependency(i)));
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateGlobalStateFunctionDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // Forward-declare the DescriptorTable because this is referenced by .pb.cc
+  // files depending on this file.
+  //
+  // The TableStruct is also outputted in weak_message_field.cc, because the
+  // weak fields must refer to table struct but cannot include the header.
+  // Also it annotates extra weak attributes.
+  // TODO(gerbens) make sure this situation is handled better.
+  format(
+      "\n"
+      "// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.\n"
+      "struct $dllexport_decl $$tablename$ {\n"
+      // These tables describe how to serialize and parse messages. Used
+      // for table driven code.
+      "  static const ::$proto_ns$::internal::ParseTableField entries[]\n"
+      "    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);\n"
+      "  static const ::$proto_ns$::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[]\n"
+      "    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);\n"
+      "  static const ::$proto_ns$::internal::ParseTable schema[$1$]\n"
+      "    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);\n"
+      "  static const ::$proto_ns$::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];\n"
+      "  static const ::$proto_ns$::internal::SerializationTable "
+      "serialization_table[];\n"
+      "  static const $uint32$ offsets[];\n"
+      "};\n",
+      std::max(size_t(1), message_generators_.size()));
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, options_)) {
+    format(
+        "extern $dllexport_decl $const ::$proto_ns$::internal::DescriptorTable "
+        "$desc_table$;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateMessageDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // Generate class definitions.
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+    if (i > 0) {
+      format("\n");
+      format(kThinSeparator);
+      format("\n");
+    }
+    message_generators_[i]->GenerateClassDefinition(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateEnumDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Generate enum definitions.
+  for (int i = 0; i < enum_generators_.size(); i++) {
+    enum_generators_[i]->GenerateDefinition(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateServiceDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (HasGenericServices(file_, options_)) {
+    // Generate service definitions.
+    for (int i = 0; i < service_generators_.size(); i++) {
+      if (i > 0) {
+        format("\n");
+        format(kThinSeparator);
+        format("\n");
+      }
+      service_generators_[i]->GenerateDeclarations(printer);
+    }
+
+    format("\n");
+    format(kThickSeparator);
+    format("\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateExtensionIdentifiers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Declare extension identifiers. These are in global scope and so only
+  // the global scope extensions.
+  for (auto& extension_generator : extension_generators_) {
+    if (extension_generator->IsScoped()) continue;
+    extension_generator->GenerateDeclaration(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateInlineFunctionDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // TODO(gerbens) remove pragmas when gcc is no longer used. Current version
+  // of gcc fires a bogus error when compiled with strict-aliasing.
+  format(
+      "#ifdef __GNUC__\n"
+      "  #pragma GCC diagnostic push\n"
+      "  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wstrict-aliasing\"\n"
+      "#endif  // __GNUC__\n");
+  // Generate class inline methods.
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+    if (i > 0) {
+      format(kThinSeparator);
+      format("\n");
+    }
+    message_generators_[i]->GenerateInlineMethods(printer);
+  }
+  format(
+      "#ifdef __GNUC__\n"
+      "  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop\n"
+      "#endif  // __GNUC__\n");
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_generators_.size(); i++) {
+    if (i > 0) {
+      format(kThinSeparator);
+      format("\n");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateProto2NamespaceEnumSpecializations(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // Emit GetEnumDescriptor specializations into google::protobuf namespace:
+  if (HasEnumDefinitions(file_)) {
+    format("\n");
+    {
+      NamespaceOpener proto_ns(ProtobufNamespace(options_), format);
+      format("\n");
+      for (int i = 0; i < enum_generators_.size(); i++) {
+        enum_generators_[i]->GenerateGetEnumDescriptorSpecializations(printer);
+      }
+      format("\n");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e81af42aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.h
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_FILE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_FILE_H__
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/scc.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class FileDescriptor;  // descriptor.h
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+class EnumGenerator;       // enum.h
+class MessageGenerator;    // message.h
+class ServiceGenerator;    // service.h
+class ExtensionGenerator;  // extension.h
+
+class FileGenerator {
+ public:
+  // See generator.cc for the meaning of dllexport_decl.
+  FileGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options);
+  ~FileGenerator();
+
+  // Shared code between the two header generators below.
+  void GenerateHeader(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // info_path, if non-empty, should be the path (relative to printer's
+  // output) to the metadata file describing this proto header.
+  void GenerateProtoHeader(io::Printer* printer, const std::string& info_path);
+  // info_path, if non-empty, should be the path (relative to printer's
+  // output) to the metadata file describing this PB header.
+  void GeneratePBHeader(io::Printer* printer, const std::string& info_path);
+  void GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  int NumMessages() const { return message_generators_.size(); }
+  // Similar to GenerateSource but generates only one message
+  void GenerateSourceForMessage(int idx, io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateGlobalSource(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  // Internal type used by GenerateForwardDeclarations (defined in file.cc).
+  class ForwardDeclarations;
+  struct CrossFileReferences;
+
+  void IncludeFile(const std::string& google3_name, io::Printer* printer) {
+    DoIncludeFile(google3_name, false, printer);
+  }
+  void IncludeFileAndExport(const std::string& google3_name,
+                            io::Printer* printer) {
+    DoIncludeFile(google3_name, true, printer);
+  }
+  void DoIncludeFile(const std::string& google3_name, bool do_export,
+                     io::Printer* printer);
+
+  std::string CreateHeaderInclude(const std::string& basename,
+                                  const FileDescriptor* file);
+  void GetCrossFileReferencesForField(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                      CrossFileReferences* refs);
+  void GetCrossFileReferencesForFile(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                     CrossFileReferences* refs);
+  void GenerateInternalForwardDeclarations(const CrossFileReferences& refs,
+                                           io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateSourceIncludes(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateSourceDefaultInstance(int idx, io::Printer* printer);
+
+  void GenerateInitForSCC(const SCC* scc, const CrossFileReferences& refs,
+                          io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateTables(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateReflectionInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // For other imports, generates their forward-declarations.
+  void GenerateForwardDeclarations(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generates top or bottom of a header file.
+  void GenerateTopHeaderGuard(io::Printer* printer, bool pb_h);
+  void GenerateBottomHeaderGuard(io::Printer* printer, bool pb_h);
+
+  // Generates #include directives.
+  void GenerateLibraryIncludes(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDependencyIncludes(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate a pragma to pull in metadata using the given info_path (if
+  // non-empty). info_path should be relative to printer's output.
+  void GenerateMetadataPragma(io::Printer* printer,
+                              const std::string& info_path);
+
+  // Generates a couple of different pieces before definitions:
+  void GenerateGlobalStateFunctionDeclarations(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generates types for classes.
+  void GenerateMessageDefinitions(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  void GenerateEnumDefinitions(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generates generic service definitions.
+  void GenerateServiceDefinitions(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generates extension identifiers.
+  void GenerateExtensionIdentifiers(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generates inline function defintions.
+  void GenerateInlineFunctionDefinitions(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  void GenerateProto2NamespaceEnumSpecializations(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Sometimes the names we use in a .proto file happen to be defined as
+  // macros on some platforms (e.g., macro/minor used in plugin.proto are
+  // defined as macros in sys/types.h on FreeBSD and a few other platforms).
+  // To make the generated code compile on these platforms, we either have to
+  // undef the macro for these few platforms, or rename the field name for all
+  // platforms. Since these names are part of protobuf public API, renaming is
+  // generally a breaking change so we prefer the #undef approach.
+  void GenerateMacroUndefs(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  bool IsSCCRepresentative(const Descriptor* d) {
+    return GetSCCRepresentative(d) == d;
+  }
+  const Descriptor* GetSCCRepresentative(const Descriptor* d) {
+    return GetSCC(d)->GetRepresentative();
+  }
+  const SCC* GetSCC(const Descriptor* d) { return scc_analyzer_.GetSCC(d); }
+
+  bool IsDepWeak(const FileDescriptor* dep) const {
+    if (weak_deps_.count(dep) != 0) {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(!options_.opensource_runtime);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  std::set<const FileDescriptor*> weak_deps_;
+  std::vector<const SCC*> sccs_;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file_;
+  const Options options_;
+
+  MessageSCCAnalyzer scc_analyzer_;
+
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+
+  // Contains the post-order walk of all the messages (and child messages) in
+  // this file. If you need a pre-order walk just reverse iterate.
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MessageGenerator>> message_generators_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<EnumGenerator>> enum_generators_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ServiceGenerator>> service_generators_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExtensionGenerator>> extension_generators_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FileGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_FILE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d80ea279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+CppGenerator::CppGenerator() {}
+CppGenerator::~CppGenerator() {}
+
+bool CppGenerator::Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                            const std::string& parameter,
+                            GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+                            std::string* error) const {
+  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> > options;
+  ParseGeneratorParameter(parameter, &options);
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // parse generator options
+
+  // If the dllexport_decl option is passed to the compiler, we need to write
+  // it in front of every symbol that should be exported if this .proto is
+  // compiled into a Windows DLL.  E.g., if the user invokes the protocol
+  // compiler as:
+  //   protoc --cpp_out=dllexport_decl=FOO_EXPORT:outdir foo.proto
+  // then we'll define classes like this:
+  //   class FOO_EXPORT Foo {
+  //     ...
+  //   }
+  // FOO_EXPORT is a macro which should expand to __declspec(dllexport) or
+  // __declspec(dllimport) depending on what is being compiled.
+  //
+  Options file_options;
+
+  file_options.opensource_runtime = opensource_runtime_;
+  file_options.runtime_include_base = runtime_include_base_;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) {
+    if (options[i].first == "dllexport_decl") {
+      file_options.dllexport_decl = options[i].second;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "safe_boundary_check") {
+      file_options.safe_boundary_check = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "annotate_headers") {
+      file_options.annotate_headers = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "annotation_pragma_name") {
+      file_options.annotation_pragma_name = options[i].second;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "annotation_guard_name") {
+      file_options.annotation_guard_name = options[i].second;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "speed") {
+      file_options.enforce_mode = EnforceOptimizeMode::kSpeed;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "lite") {
+      file_options.enforce_mode = EnforceOptimizeMode::kLiteRuntime;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "lite_implicit_weak_fields") {
+      file_options.enforce_mode = EnforceOptimizeMode::kLiteRuntime;
+      file_options.lite_implicit_weak_fields = true;
+      if (!options[i].second.empty()) {
+        file_options.num_cc_files =
+            strto32(options[i].second.c_str(), NULL, 10);
+      }
+    } else if (options[i].first == "table_driven_parsing") {
+      file_options.table_driven_parsing = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "table_driven_serialization") {
+      file_options.table_driven_serialization = true;
+    } else {
+      *error = "Unknown generator option: " + options[i].first;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // The safe_boundary_check option controls behavior for Google-internal
+  // protobuf APIs.
+  if (file_options.safe_boundary_check && file_options.opensource_runtime) {
+    *error =
+        "The safe_boundary_check option is not supported outside of Google.";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+  std::string basename = StripProto(file->name());
+
+  if (MaybeBootstrap(file_options, generator_context, file_options.bootstrap,
+                     &basename)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  FileGenerator file_generator(file, file_options);
+
+  // Generate header(s).
+  if (file_options.proto_h) {
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+        generator_context->Open(basename + ".proto.h"));
+    GeneratedCodeInfo annotations;
+    io::AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> annotation_collector(
+        &annotations);
+    std::string info_path = basename + ".proto.h.meta";
+    io::Printer printer(
+        output.get(), '$',
+        file_options.annotate_headers ? &annotation_collector : NULL);
+    file_generator.GenerateProtoHeader(
+        &printer, file_options.annotate_headers ? info_path : "");
+    if (file_options.annotate_headers) {
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> info_output(
+          generator_context->Open(info_path));
+      annotations.SerializeToZeroCopyStream(info_output.get());
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+        generator_context->Open(basename + ".pb.h"));
+    GeneratedCodeInfo annotations;
+    io::AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> annotation_collector(
+        &annotations);
+    std::string info_path = basename + ".pb.h.meta";
+    io::Printer printer(
+        output.get(), '$',
+        file_options.annotate_headers ? &annotation_collector : NULL);
+    file_generator.GeneratePBHeader(
+        &printer, file_options.annotate_headers ? info_path : "");
+    if (file_options.annotate_headers) {
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> info_output(
+          generator_context->Open(info_path));
+      annotations.SerializeToZeroCopyStream(info_output.get());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Generate cc file(s).
+  if (UsingImplicitWeakFields(file, file_options)) {
+    {
+      // This is the global .cc file, containing
+      // enum/services/tables/reflection
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+          generator_context->Open(basename + ".pb.cc"));
+      io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+      file_generator.GenerateGlobalSource(&printer);
+    }
+
+    int num_cc_files = file_generator.NumMessages();
+
+    // If we're using implicit weak fields then we allow the user to
+    // optionally specify how many files to generate, not counting the global
+    // pb.cc file. If we have more files than messages, then some files will
+    // be generated as empty placeholders.
+    if (file_options.num_cc_files > 0) {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(file_generator.NumMessages(), file_options.num_cc_files)
+          << "There must be at least as many numbered .cc files as messages.";
+      num_cc_files = file_options.num_cc_files;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_cc_files; i++) {
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+          generator_context->Open(StrCat(basename, ".out/", i, ".cc")));
+      io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+      if (i < file_generator.NumMessages()) {
+        file_generator.GenerateSourceForMessage(i, &printer);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+        generator_context->Open(basename + ".pb.cc"));
+    io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+    file_generator.GenerateSource(&printer);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5ff28a70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Generates C++ code for a given .proto file.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_GENERATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_GENERATOR_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+// CodeGenerator implementation which generates a C++ source file and
+// header.  If you create your own protocol compiler binary and you want
+// it to support C++ output, you can do so by registering an instance of this
+// CodeGenerator with the CommandLineInterface in your main() function.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT CppGenerator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  CppGenerator();
+  ~CppGenerator();
+
+  enum class Runtime {
+    kGoogle3,     // Use the internal google3 runtime.
+    kOpensource,  // Use the open-source runtime.
+
+    // Use the open-source runtime with google3 #include paths.  We make these
+    // absolute to avoid ambiguity, so the runtime will be #included like:
+    //   #include "third_party/protobuf/.../google/protobuf/message.h"
+    kOpensourceGoogle3
+  };
+
+  void set_opensource_runtime(bool opensource) {
+    opensource_runtime_ = opensource;
+  }
+
+  // If set to a non-empty string, generated code will do:
+  //   #include "<BASE>/google/protobuf/message.h"
+  // instead of:
+  //   #include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+  // This has no effect if opensource_runtime = false.
+  void set_runtime_include_base(const std::string& base) {
+    runtime_include_base_ = base;
+  }
+
+  // implements CodeGenerator ----------------------------------------
+  bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file, const std::string& parameter,
+                GeneratorContext* generator_context, std::string* error) const;
+
+ private:
+  bool opensource_runtime_ = true;
+  std::string runtime_include_base_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CppGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_GENERATOR_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..062ad6b33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1833 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include <queue>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/scc.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+namespace {
+
+static const char kAnyMessageName[] = "Any";
+static const char kAnyProtoFile[] = "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+
+std::string DotsToColons(const std::string& name) {
+  return StringReplace(name, ".", "::", true);
+}
+
+static const char* const kKeywordList[] = {  //
+    "NULL",
+    "alignas",
+    "alignof",
+    "and",
+    "and_eq",
+    "asm",
+    "auto",
+    "bitand",
+    "bitor",
+    "bool",
+    "break",
+    "case",
+    "catch",
+    "char",
+    "class",
+    "compl",
+    "const",
+    "constexpr",
+    "const_cast",
+    "continue",
+    "decltype",
+    "default",
+    "delete",
+    "do",
+    "double",
+    "dynamic_cast",
+    "else",
+    "enum",
+    "explicit",
+    "export",
+    "extern",
+    "false",
+    "float",
+    "for",
+    "friend",
+    "goto",
+    "if",
+    "inline",
+    "int",
+    "long",
+    "mutable",
+    "namespace",
+    "new",
+    "noexcept",
+    "not",
+    "not_eq",
+    "nullptr",
+    "operator",
+    "or",
+    "or_eq",
+    "private",
+    "protected",
+    "public",
+    "register",
+    "reinterpret_cast",
+    "return",
+    "short",
+    "signed",
+    "sizeof",
+    "static",
+    "static_assert",
+    "static_cast",
+    "struct",
+    "switch",
+    "template",
+    "this",
+    "thread_local",
+    "throw",
+    "true",
+    "try",
+    "typedef",
+    "typeid",
+    "typename",
+    "union",
+    "unsigned",
+    "using",
+    "virtual",
+    "void",
+    "volatile",
+    "wchar_t",
+    "while",
+    "xor",
+    "xor_eq"};
+
+static std::unordered_set<std::string>* MakeKeywordsMap() {
+  auto* result = new std::unordered_set<std::string>();
+  for (const auto keyword : kKeywordList) {
+    result->emplace(keyword);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+static std::unordered_set<std::string>& kKeywords = *MakeKeywordsMap();
+
+// Encode [0..63] as 'A'-'Z', 'a'-'z', '0'-'9', '_'
+char Base63Char(int value) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(value, 0);
+  if (value < 26) return 'A' + value;
+  value -= 26;
+  if (value < 26) return 'a' + value;
+  value -= 26;
+  if (value < 10) return '0' + value;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(value, 10);
+  return '_';
+}
+
+// Given a c identifier has 63 legal characters we can't implement base64
+// encoding. So we return the k least significant "digits" in base 63.
+template <typename I>
+std::string Base63(I n, int k) {
+  std::string res;
+  while (k-- > 0) {
+    res += Base63Char(static_cast<int>(n % 63));
+    n /= 63;
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+std::string IntTypeName(const Options& options, const std::string& type) {
+  if (options.opensource_runtime) {
+    return "::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::" + type;
+  } else {
+    return "::" + type;
+  }
+}
+
+void SetIntVar(const Options& options, const std::string& type,
+               std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  (*variables)[type] = IntTypeName(options, type);
+}
+
+bool HasInternalAccessors(const FieldOptions::CType ctype) {
+  return ctype == FieldOptions::STRING || ctype == FieldOptions::CORD;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void SetCommonVars(const Options& options,
+                   std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  (*variables)["proto_ns"] = ProtobufNamespace(options);
+
+  // Warning: there is some clever naming/splitting here to avoid extract script
+  // rewrites.  The names of these variables must not be things that the extract
+  // script will rewrite.  That's why we use "CHK" (for example) instead of
+  // "GOOGLE_CHECK".
+  if (options.opensource_runtime) {
+    (*variables)["GOOGLE_PROTOBUF"] = "GOOGLE_PROTOBUF";
+    (*variables)["CHK"] = "GOOGLE_CHECK";
+    (*variables)["DCHK"] = "GOOGLE_DCHECK";
+  } else {
+    // These values are things the extract script would rewrite if we did not
+    // split them.  It might not strictly matter since we don't generate google3
+    // code in open-source.  But it's good to prevent surprising things from
+    // happening.
+    (*variables)["GOOGLE_PROTOBUF"] =
+        "GOOGLE3"
+        "_PROTOBUF";
+    (*variables)["CHK"] =
+        "CH"
+        "ECK";
+    (*variables)["DCHK"] =
+        "DCH"
+        "ECK";
+  }
+
+  SetIntVar(options, "int8", variables);
+  SetIntVar(options, "uint8", variables);
+  SetIntVar(options, "uint32", variables);
+  SetIntVar(options, "uint64", variables);
+  SetIntVar(options, "int32", variables);
+  SetIntVar(options, "int64", variables);
+  (*variables)["string"] = "std::string";
+}
+
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const std::string& input,
+                                   bool cap_next_letter) {
+  std::string result;
+  // Note:  I distrust ctype.h due to locales.
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    if ('a' <= input[i] && input[i] <= 'z') {
+      if (cap_next_letter) {
+        result += input[i] + ('A' - 'a');
+      } else {
+        result += input[i];
+      }
+      cap_next_letter = false;
+    } else if ('A' <= input[i] && input[i] <= 'Z') {
+      // Capital letters are left as-is.
+      result += input[i];
+      cap_next_letter = false;
+    } else if ('0' <= input[i] && input[i] <= '9') {
+      result += input[i];
+      cap_next_letter = true;
+    } else {
+      cap_next_letter = true;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+const char kThickSeparator[] =
+    "// ===================================================================\n";
+const char kThinSeparator[] =
+    "// -------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
+
+bool CanInitializeByZeroing(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->is_repeated() || field->is_extension()) return false;
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return field->default_value_enum()->number() == 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return field->default_value_int32() == 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return field->default_value_int64() == 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return field->default_value_uint32() == 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return field->default_value_uint64() == 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return field->default_value_float() == 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return field->default_value_double() == 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return field->default_value_bool() == false;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+std::string ClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  const Descriptor* parent = descriptor->containing_type();
+  std::string res;
+  if (parent) res += ClassName(parent) + "_";
+  res += descriptor->name();
+  if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor)) res += "_DoNotUse";
+  return ResolveKeyword(res);
+}
+
+std::string ClassName(const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor) {
+  if (enum_descriptor->containing_type() == nullptr) {
+    return ResolveKeyword(enum_descriptor->name());
+  } else {
+    return ClassName(enum_descriptor->containing_type()) + "_" +
+           enum_descriptor->name();
+  }
+}
+
+std::string QualifiedClassName(const Descriptor* d, const Options& options) {
+  return QualifiedFileLevelSymbol(d->file(), ClassName(d), options);
+}
+
+std::string QualifiedClassName(const EnumDescriptor* d,
+                               const Options& options) {
+  return QualifiedFileLevelSymbol(d->file(), ClassName(d), options);
+}
+
+std::string QualifiedClassName(const Descriptor* d) {
+  return QualifiedClassName(d, Options());
+}
+
+std::string QualifiedClassName(const EnumDescriptor* d) {
+  return QualifiedClassName(d, Options());
+}
+
+std::string Namespace(const std::string& package) {
+  if (package.empty()) return "";
+  return "::" + DotsToColons(package);
+}
+
+std::string Namespace(const FileDescriptor* d, const Options& options) {
+  std::string ret = Namespace(d->package());
+  if (IsWellKnownMessage(d) && options.opensource_runtime) {
+    // Written with string concatenation to prevent rewriting of
+    // ::google::protobuf.
+    ret = StringReplace(ret,
+                        "::google::"
+                        "protobuf",
+                        "PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID", false);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+std::string Namespace(const Descriptor* d, const Options& options) {
+  return Namespace(d->file(), options);
+}
+
+std::string Namespace(const FieldDescriptor* d, const Options& options) {
+  return Namespace(d->file(), options);
+}
+
+std::string Namespace(const EnumDescriptor* d, const Options& options) {
+  return Namespace(d->file(), options);
+}
+
+std::string DefaultInstanceType(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                const Options& options) {
+  return ClassName(descriptor) + "DefaultTypeInternal";
+}
+
+std::string DefaultInstanceName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                const Options& options) {
+  return "_" + ClassName(descriptor, false) + "_default_instance_";
+}
+
+std::string DefaultInstancePtr(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                               const Options& options) {
+  return DefaultInstanceName(descriptor, options) + "ptr_";
+}
+
+std::string QualifiedDefaultInstanceName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                         const Options& options) {
+  return QualifiedFileLevelSymbol(
+      descriptor->file(), DefaultInstanceName(descriptor, options), options);
+}
+
+std::string QualifiedDefaultInstancePtr(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                        const Options& options) {
+  return QualifiedDefaultInstanceName(descriptor, options) + "ptr_";
+}
+
+std::string DescriptorTableName(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                const Options& options) {
+  return UniqueName("descriptor_table", file, options);
+}
+
+std::string FileDllExport(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options) {
+  return UniqueName("PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT", file, options);
+}
+
+std::string SuperClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                           const Options& options) {
+  return "::" + ProtobufNamespace(options) +
+         (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->file(), options) ? "::Message"
+                                                            : "::MessageLite");
+}
+
+std::string ResolveKeyword(const std::string& name) {
+  if (kKeywords.count(name) > 0) {
+    return name + "_";
+  }
+  return name;
+}
+
+std::string FieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  std::string result = field->name();
+  LowerString(&result);
+  if (kKeywords.count(result) > 0) {
+    result.append("_");
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string EnumValueName(const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value) {
+  std::string result = enum_value->name();
+  if (kKeywords.count(result) > 0) {
+    result.append("_");
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+int EstimateAlignmentSize(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field == nullptr) return 0;
+  if (field->is_repeated()) return 8;
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return 1;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return 4;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return 8;
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return -1;  // Make compiler happy.
+}
+
+std::string FieldConstantName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  std::string field_name = UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true);
+  std::string result = "k" + field_name + "FieldNumber";
+
+  if (!field->is_extension() &&
+      field->containing_type()->FindFieldByCamelcaseName(
+          field->camelcase_name()) != field) {
+    // This field's camelcase name is not unique.  As a hack, add the field
+    // number to the constant name.  This makes the constant rather useless,
+    // but what can we do?
+    result += "_" + StrCat(field->number());
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string FieldMessageTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                 const Options& options) {
+  // Note:  The Google-internal version of Protocol Buffers uses this function
+  //   as a hook point for hacks to support legacy code.
+  return QualifiedClassName(field->message_type(), options);
+}
+
+std::string StripProto(const std::string& filename) {
+  if (HasSuffixString(filename, ".protodevel")) {
+    return StripSuffixString(filename, ".protodevel");
+  } else {
+    return StripSuffixString(filename, ".proto");
+  }
+}
+
+const char* PrimitiveTypeName(FieldDescriptor::CppType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return "::google::protobuf::int32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return "::google::protobuf::int64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return "::google::protobuf::uint32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return "::google::protobuf::uint64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "double";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return "bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return "int";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      return "std::string";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return nullptr;
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // CppTypes are added.
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::string PrimitiveTypeName(const Options& options,
+                              FieldDescriptor::CppType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return IntTypeName(options, "int32");
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return IntTypeName(options, "int64");
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return IntTypeName(options, "uint32");
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return IntTypeName(options, "uint64");
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "double";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return "bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return "int";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      return "std::string";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "";
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // CppTypes are added.
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return "";
+}
+
+const char* DeclaredTypeMethodName(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return "Int32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return "Int64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return "UInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return "UInt64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return "SInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return "SInt64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return "Fixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return "Fixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return "SFixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return "SFixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "Float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "Double";
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return "Bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return "Enum";
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return "String";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return "Bytes";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return "Group";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "Message";
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // types are added.
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return "";
+}
+
+std::string Int32ToString(int number) {
+  if (number == kint32min) {
+    // This needs to be special-cased, see explanation here:
+    // https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=52661
+    return StrCat(number + 1, " - 1");
+  } else {
+    return StrCat(number);
+  }
+}
+
+std::string Int64ToString(const std::string& macro_prefix, int64 number) {
+  if (number == kint64min) {
+    // This needs to be special-cased, see explanation here:
+    // https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=52661
+    return StrCat(macro_prefix, "_LONGLONG(", number + 1, ") - 1");
+  }
+  return StrCat(macro_prefix, "_LONGLONG(", number, ")");
+}
+
+std::string UInt64ToString(const std::string& macro_prefix, uint64 number) {
+  return StrCat(macro_prefix, "_ULONGLONG(", number, ")");
+}
+
+std::string DefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return Int64ToString("GG", field->default_value_int64());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return UInt64ToString("GG", field->default_value_uint64());
+    default:
+      return DefaultValue(Options(), field);
+  }
+}
+
+std::string DefaultValue(const Options& options, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return Int32ToString(field->default_value_int32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return StrCat(field->default_value_uint32()) + "u";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return Int64ToString("PROTOBUF", field->default_value_int64());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return UInt64ToString("PROTOBUF", field->default_value_uint64());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      double value = field->default_value_double();
+      if (value == std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+        return "std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()";
+      } else if (value == -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+        return "-std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()";
+      } else if (value != value) {
+        return "std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()";
+      } else {
+        return SimpleDtoa(value);
+      }
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT: {
+      float value = field->default_value_float();
+      if (value == std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) {
+        return "std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()";
+      } else if (value == -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) {
+        return "-std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()";
+      } else if (value != value) {
+        return "std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN()";
+      } else {
+        std::string float_value = SimpleFtoa(value);
+        // If floating point value contains a period (.) or an exponent
+        // (either E or e), then append suffix 'f' to make it a float
+        // literal.
+        if (float_value.find_first_of(".eE") != std::string::npos) {
+          float_value.push_back('f');
+        }
+        return float_value;
+      }
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return field->default_value_bool() ? "true" : "false";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      // Lazy:  Generate a static_cast because we don't have a helper function
+      //   that constructs the full name of an enum value.
+      return strings::Substitute(
+          "static_cast< $0 >($1)", ClassName(field->enum_type(), true),
+          Int32ToString(field->default_value_enum()->number()));
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      return "\"" +
+             EscapeTrigraphs(CEscape(field->default_value_string())) +
+             "\"";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "*" + FieldMessageTypeName(field, options) +
+             "::internal_default_instance()";
+  }
+  // Can't actually get here; make compiler happy.  (We could add a default
+  // case above but then we wouldn't get the nice compiler warning when a
+  // new type is added.)
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return "";
+}
+
+// Convert a file name into a valid identifier.
+std::string FilenameIdentifier(const std::string& filename) {
+  std::string result;
+  for (int i = 0; i < filename.size(); i++) {
+    if (ascii_isalnum(filename[i])) {
+      result.push_back(filename[i]);
+    } else {
+      // Not alphanumeric.  To avoid any possibility of name conflicts we
+      // use the hex code for the character.
+      StrAppend(&result, "_", strings::Hex(static_cast<uint8>(filename[i])));
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string UniqueName(const std::string& name, const std::string& filename,
+                       const Options& options) {
+  return name + "_" + FilenameIdentifier(filename);
+}
+
+// Return the qualified C++ name for a file level symbol.
+std::string QualifiedFileLevelSymbol(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                     const std::string& name,
+                                     const Options& options) {
+  if (file->package().empty()) {
+    return StrCat("::", name);
+  }
+  return StrCat(Namespace(file, options), "::", name);
+}
+
+// Escape C++ trigraphs by escaping question marks to \?
+std::string EscapeTrigraphs(const std::string& to_escape) {
+  return StringReplace(to_escape, "?", "\\?", true);
+}
+
+// Escaped function name to eliminate naming conflict.
+std::string SafeFunctionName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                             const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                             const std::string& prefix) {
+  // Do not use FieldName() since it will escape keywords.
+  std::string name = field->name();
+  LowerString(&name);
+  std::string function_name = prefix + name;
+  if (descriptor->FindFieldByName(function_name)) {
+    // Single underscore will also make it conflicting with the private data
+    // member. We use double underscore to escape function names.
+    function_name.append("__");
+  } else if (kKeywords.count(name) > 0) {
+    // If the field name is a keyword, we append the underscore back to keep it
+    // consistent with other function names.
+    function_name.append("_");
+  }
+  return function_name;
+}
+
+bool IsStringInlined(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                     const Options& options) {
+  if (options.opensource_runtime) return false;
+
+  // TODO(ckennelly): Handle inlining for any.proto.
+  if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor->containing_type(), options)) return false;
+  if (descriptor->containing_type()->options().map_entry()) return false;
+
+  // Limit to proto2, as we rely on has bits to distinguish field presence for
+  // release_$name$.  On proto3, we cannot use the address of the string
+  // instance when the field has been inlined.
+  if (!HasFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) return false;
+
+  if (options.access_info_map) {
+    if (descriptor->is_required()) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool HasLazyFields(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                          const Options& options) {
+  for (int field_idx = 0; field_idx < descriptor->field_count(); field_idx++) {
+    if (IsLazy(descriptor->field(field_idx), options)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int idx = 0; idx < descriptor->extension_count(); idx++) {
+    if (IsLazy(descriptor->extension(idx), options)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int idx = 0; idx < descriptor->nested_type_count(); idx++) {
+    if (HasLazyFields(descriptor->nested_type(idx), options)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Does the given FileDescriptor use lazy fields?
+bool HasLazyFields(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    const Descriptor* descriptor(file->message_type(i));
+    if (HasLazyFields(descriptor, options)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int field_idx = 0; field_idx < file->extension_count(); field_idx++) {
+    if (IsLazy(file->extension(field_idx), options)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool HasRepeatedFields(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); ++i) {
+    if (descriptor->field(i)->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (HasRepeatedFields(descriptor->nested_type(i))) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool HasRepeatedFields(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (HasRepeatedFields(file->message_type(i))) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool IsStringPieceField(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                               const Options& options) {
+  return field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING &&
+         EffectiveStringCType(field, options) == FieldOptions::STRING_PIECE;
+}
+
+static bool HasStringPieceFields(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                 const Options& options) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); ++i) {
+    if (IsStringPieceField(descriptor->field(i), options)) return true;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (HasStringPieceFields(descriptor->nested_type(i), options)) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool HasStringPieceFields(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (HasStringPieceFields(file->message_type(i), options)) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool IsCordField(const FieldDescriptor* field, const Options& options) {
+  return field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING &&
+         EffectiveStringCType(field, options) == FieldOptions::CORD;
+}
+
+static bool HasCordFields(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                          const Options& options) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); ++i) {
+    if (IsCordField(descriptor->field(i), options)) return true;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (HasCordFields(descriptor->nested_type(i), options)) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool HasCordFields(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (HasCordFields(file->message_type(i), options)) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool HasExtensionsOrExtendableMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  if (descriptor->extension_range_count() > 0) return true;
+  if (descriptor->extension_count() > 0) return true;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (HasExtensionsOrExtendableMessage(descriptor->nested_type(i))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool HasExtensionsOrExtendableMessage(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  if (file->extension_count() > 0) return true;
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (HasExtensionsOrExtendableMessage(file->message_type(i))) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool HasMapFields(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); ++i) {
+    if (descriptor->field(i)->is_map()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (HasMapFields(descriptor->nested_type(i))) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool HasMapFields(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (HasMapFields(file->message_type(i))) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool HasEnumDefinitions(const Descriptor* message_type) {
+  if (message_type->enum_type_count() > 0) return true;
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_type->nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (HasEnumDefinitions(message_type->nested_type(i))) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool HasEnumDefinitions(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  if (file->enum_type_count() > 0) return true;
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (HasEnumDefinitions(file->message_type(i))) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool IsStringOrMessage(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return false;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return true;
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return false;
+}
+
+FieldOptions::CType EffectiveStringCType(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                         const Options& options) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING);
+  if (options.opensource_runtime) {
+    // Open-source protobuf release only supports STRING ctype.
+    return FieldOptions::STRING;
+  } else {
+    // Google-internal supports all ctypes.
+    return field->options().ctype();
+  }
+}
+
+bool IsAnyMessage(const FileDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options) {
+  return descriptor->name() == kAnyProtoFile;
+}
+
+bool IsAnyMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor, const Options& options) {
+  return descriptor->name() == kAnyMessageName &&
+         IsAnyMessage(descriptor->file(), options);
+}
+
+bool IsWellKnownMessage(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  static const std::unordered_set<std::string> well_known_files{
+      "google/protobuf/any.proto",
+      "google/protobuf/api.proto",
+      "google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto",
+      "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto",
+      "google/protobuf/duration.proto",
+      "google/protobuf/empty.proto",
+      "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto",
+      "google/protobuf/source_context.proto",
+      "google/protobuf/struct.proto",
+      "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto",
+      "google/protobuf/type.proto",
+      "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto",
+  };
+  return well_known_files.find(file->name()) != well_known_files.end();
+}
+
+static bool FieldEnforceUtf8(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                             const Options& options) {
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool FileUtf8Verification(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                 const Options& options) {
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Which level of UTF-8 enforcemant is placed on this file.
+Utf8CheckMode GetUtf8CheckMode(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                               const Options& options) {
+  if (field->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3 &&
+      FieldEnforceUtf8(field, options)) {
+    return STRICT;
+  } else if (GetOptimizeFor(field->file(), options) !=
+                 FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME &&
+             FileUtf8Verification(field->file(), options)) {
+    return VERIFY;
+  } else {
+    return NONE;
+  }
+}
+
+static void GenerateUtf8CheckCode(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                  const Options& options, bool for_parse,
+                                  const char* parameters,
+                                  const char* strict_function,
+                                  const char* verify_function,
+                                  const Formatter& format) {
+  switch (GetUtf8CheckMode(field, options)) {
+    case STRICT: {
+      if (for_parse) {
+        format("DO_(");
+      }
+      format("::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::$1$(\n", strict_function);
+      format.Indent();
+      format(parameters);
+      if (for_parse) {
+        format("::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::PARSE,\n");
+      } else {
+        format("::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,\n");
+      }
+      format("\"$1$\")", field->full_name());
+      if (for_parse) {
+        format(")");
+      }
+      format(";\n");
+      format.Outdent();
+      break;
+    }
+    case VERIFY: {
+      format("::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormat::$1$(\n", verify_function);
+      format.Indent();
+      format(parameters);
+      if (for_parse) {
+        format("::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,\n");
+      } else {
+        format("::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,\n");
+      }
+      format("\"$1$\");\n", field->full_name());
+      format.Outdent();
+      break;
+    }
+    case NONE:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void GenerateUtf8CheckCodeForString(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    const Options& options, bool for_parse,
+                                    const char* parameters,
+                                    const Formatter& format) {
+  GenerateUtf8CheckCode(field, options, for_parse, parameters,
+                        "VerifyUtf8String", "VerifyUTF8StringNamedField",
+                        format);
+}
+
+void GenerateUtf8CheckCodeForCord(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                  const Options& options, bool for_parse,
+                                  const char* parameters,
+                                  const Formatter& format) {
+  GenerateUtf8CheckCode(field, options, for_parse, parameters, "VerifyUtf8Cord",
+                        "VerifyUTF8CordNamedField", format);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+void Flatten(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+             std::vector<const Descriptor*>* flatten) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); i++)
+    Flatten(descriptor->nested_type(i), flatten);
+  flatten->push_back(descriptor);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void FlattenMessagesInFile(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                           std::vector<const Descriptor*>* result) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    Flatten(file->message_type(i), result);
+  }
+}
+
+bool HasWeakFields(const Descriptor* descriptor, const Options& options) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (IsWeak(descriptor->field(i), options)) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool HasWeakFields(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (HasWeakFields(file->message_type(i), options)) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool UsingImplicitWeakFields(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                             const Options& options) {
+  return options.lite_implicit_weak_fields &&
+         GetOptimizeFor(file, options) == FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME;
+}
+
+bool IsImplicitWeakField(const FieldDescriptor* field, const Options& options,
+                         MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer) {
+  return UsingImplicitWeakFields(field->file(), options) &&
+         field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+         !field->is_required() && !field->is_map() && !field->is_extension() &&
+         field->containing_oneof() == nullptr &&
+         !IsWellKnownMessage(field->message_type()->file()) &&
+         field->message_type()->file()->name() !=
+             "net/proto2/proto/descriptor.proto" &&
+         // We do not support implicit weak fields between messages in the same
+         // strongly-connected component.
+         scc_analyzer->GetSCC(field->containing_type()) !=
+             scc_analyzer->GetSCC(field->message_type());
+}
+
+MessageAnalysis MessageSCCAnalyzer::GetSCCAnalysis(const SCC* scc) {
+  if (analysis_cache_.count(scc)) return analysis_cache_[scc];
+  MessageAnalysis result{};
+  for (int i = 0; i < scc->descriptors.size(); i++) {
+    const Descriptor* descriptor = scc->descriptors[i];
+    if (descriptor->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+      result.contains_extension = true;
+      // Extensions are found by looking up default_instance and extension
+      // number in a map. So you'd maybe expect here
+      // result.constructor_requires_initialization = true;
+      // However the extension registration mechanism already makes sure
+      // the default will be initialized.
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor->field(i);
+      if (field->is_required()) {
+        result.contains_required = true;
+      }
+      switch (field->type()) {
+        case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+        case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES: {
+          result.constructor_requires_initialization = true;
+          if (field->options().ctype() == FieldOptions::CORD) {
+            result.contains_cord = true;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+        case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+          result.constructor_requires_initialization = true;
+          const SCC* child = analyzer_.GetSCC(field->message_type());
+          if (child != scc) {
+            MessageAnalysis analysis = GetSCCAnalysis(child);
+            result.contains_cord |= analysis.contains_cord;
+            result.contains_extension |= analysis.contains_extension;
+            if (!ShouldIgnoreRequiredFieldCheck(field, options_)) {
+              result.contains_required |= analysis.contains_required;
+            }
+          } else {
+            // This field points back into the same SCC hence the messages
+            // in the SCC are recursive. Note if SCC contains more than two
+            // nodes it has to be recursive, however this test also works for
+            // a single node that is recursive.
+            result.is_recursive = true;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // We deliberately only insert the result here. After we contracted the SCC
+  // in the graph, the graph should be a DAG. Hence we shouldn't need to mark
+  // nodes visited as we can never return to them. By inserting them here
+  // we will go in an infinite loop if the SCC is not correct.
+  return analysis_cache_[scc] = result;
+}
+
+void ListAllFields(const Descriptor* d,
+                   std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* fields) {
+  // Collect sub messages
+  for (int i = 0; i < d->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    ListAllFields(d->nested_type(i), fields);
+  }
+  // Collect message level extensions.
+  for (int i = 0; i < d->extension_count(); i++) {
+    fields->push_back(d->extension(i));
+  }
+  // Add types of fields necessary
+  for (int i = 0; i < d->field_count(); i++) {
+    fields->push_back(d->field(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void ListAllFields(const FileDescriptor* d,
+                   std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* fields) {
+  // Collect file level message.
+  for (int i = 0; i < d->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    ListAllFields(d->message_type(i), fields);
+  }
+  // Collect message level extensions.
+  for (int i = 0; i < d->extension_count(); i++) {
+    fields->push_back(d->extension(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void ListAllTypesForServices(const FileDescriptor* fd,
+                             std::vector<const Descriptor*>* types) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < fd->service_count(); i++) {
+    const ServiceDescriptor* sd = fd->service(i);
+    for (int j = 0; j < sd->method_count(); j++) {
+      const MethodDescriptor* method = sd->method(j);
+      types->push_back(method->input_type());
+      types->push_back(method->output_type());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool GetBootstrapBasename(const Options& options, const std::string& basename,
+                          std::string* bootstrap_basename) {
+  if (options.opensource_runtime) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> bootstrap_mapping{
+      {"net/proto2/proto/descriptor",
+       "net/proto2/internal/descriptor"},
+      {"net/proto2/compiler/proto/plugin",
+       "net/proto2/compiler/proto/plugin"},
+      {"net/proto2/compiler/proto/profile",
+       "net/proto2/compiler/proto/profile_bootstrap"},
+  };
+  auto iter = bootstrap_mapping.find(basename);
+  if (iter == bootstrap_mapping.end()) {
+    *bootstrap_basename = basename;
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    *bootstrap_basename = iter->second;
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+bool IsBootstrapProto(const Options& options, const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  std::string my_name = StripProto(file->name());
+  return GetBootstrapBasename(options, my_name, &my_name);
+}
+
+bool MaybeBootstrap(const Options& options, GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+                    bool bootstrap_flag, std::string* basename) {
+  std::string bootstrap_basename;
+  if (!GetBootstrapBasename(options, *basename, &bootstrap_basename)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (bootstrap_flag) {
+    // Adjust basename, but don't abort code generation.
+    *basename = bootstrap_basename;
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    std::string forward_to_basename = bootstrap_basename;
+
+    // Generate forwarding headers and empty .pb.cc.
+    {
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+          generator_context->Open(*basename + ".pb.h"));
+      io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$', nullptr);
+      printer.Print(
+          "#ifndef PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_$filename_identifier$_FORWARD_PB_H\n"
+          "#define PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_$filename_identifier$_FORWARD_PB_H\n"
+          "#include \"$forward_to_basename$.pb.h\"  // IWYU pragma: export\n"
+          "#endif  // PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_$filename_identifier$_FORWARD_PB_H\n",
+          "forward_to_basename", forward_to_basename, "filename_identifier",
+          FilenameIdentifier(*basename));
+
+      if (!options.opensource_runtime) {
+        // HACK HACK HACK, tech debt from the deeps of proto1 and SWIG
+        // protocoltype is SWIG'ed and we need to forward
+        if (*basename == "net/proto/protocoltype") {
+          printer.Print(
+              "#ifdef SWIG\n"
+              "%include \"$forward_to_basename$.pb.h\"\n"
+              "#endif  // SWIG\n",
+              "forward_to_basename", forward_to_basename);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    {
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+          generator_context->Open(*basename + ".proto.h"));
+      io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$', nullptr);
+      printer.Print(
+          "#ifndef PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_$filename_identifier$_FORWARD_PROTO_H\n"
+          "#define PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_$filename_identifier$_FORWARD_PROTO_H\n"
+          "#include \"$forward_to_basename$.proto.h\"  // IWYU pragma: "
+          "export\n"
+          "#endif  // "
+          "PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_$filename_identifier$_FORWARD_PROTO_H\n",
+          "forward_to_basename", forward_to_basename, "filename_identifier",
+          FilenameIdentifier(*basename));
+    }
+
+    {
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+          generator_context->Open(*basename + ".pb.cc"));
+      io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$', nullptr);
+      printer.Print("\n");
+    }
+
+    {
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+          generator_context->Open(*basename + ".pb.h.meta"));
+    }
+
+    {
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+          generator_context->Open(*basename + ".proto.h.meta"));
+    }
+
+    // Abort code generation.
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+class ParseLoopGenerator {
+ public:
+  ParseLoopGenerator(int num_hasbits, const Options& options,
+                     MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer, io::Printer* printer)
+      : scc_analyzer_(scc_analyzer),
+        options_(options),
+        format_(printer),
+        num_hasbits_(num_hasbits) {}
+
+  void GenerateParserLoop(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    format_.Set("classname", ClassName(descriptor));
+    format_.Set("p_ns", "::" + ProtobufNamespace(options_));
+    format_.Set("pi_ns",
+                StrCat("::", ProtobufNamespace(options_), "::internal"));
+    format_.Set("GOOGLE_PROTOBUF", MacroPrefix(options_));
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    SetCommonVars(options_, &vars);
+    format_.AddMap(vars);
+
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> ordered_fields;
+    for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor)) {
+      ordered_fields.push_back(field);
+    }
+    std::sort(ordered_fields.begin(), ordered_fields.end(),
+              [](const FieldDescriptor* a, const FieldDescriptor* b) {
+                return a->number() < b->number();
+              });
+
+    format_(
+        "const char* $classname$::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, "
+        "$pi_ns$::ParseContext* ctx) {\n"
+        "#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure\n");
+    format_.Indent();
+    int hasbits_size = 0;
+    if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+      hasbits_size = (num_hasbits_ + 31) / 32;
+    }
+    // For now only optimize small hasbits.
+    if (hasbits_size != 1) hasbits_size = 0;
+    if (hasbits_size) {
+      format_("_Internal::HasBits has_bits{};\n");
+      format_.Set("has_bits", "has_bits");
+    } else {
+      format_.Set("has_bits", "_has_bits_");
+    }
+
+    if (descriptor->file()->options().cc_enable_arenas()) {
+      format_("$p_ns$::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;\n");
+    }
+    GenerateParseLoop(descriptor, ordered_fields);
+    format_.Outdent();
+    format_("success:\n");
+    if (hasbits_size) format_("  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);\n");
+    format_(
+        "  return ptr;\n"
+        "failure:\n"
+        "  ptr = nullptr;\n"
+        "  goto success;\n"
+        "#undef CHK_\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+
+ private:
+  MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer_;
+  const Options& options_;
+  Formatter format_;
+  int num_hasbits_;
+
+  using WireFormat = internal::WireFormat;
+  using WireFormatLite = internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+  void GenerateArenaString(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+    if (HasFieldPresence(field->file())) {
+      format_("_Internal::set_has_$1$(&$has_bits$);\n", FieldName(field));
+    }
+    std::string default_string =
+        field->default_value_string().empty()
+            ? "::" + ProtobufNamespace(options_) +
+                  "::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()"
+            : QualifiedClassName(field->containing_type(), options_) +
+                  "::" + MakeDefaultName(field) + ".get()";
+    format_(
+        "if (arena != nullptr) {\n"
+        "  ptr = ctx->ReadArenaString(ptr, &$1$_, arena);\n"
+        "} else {\n"
+        "  ptr = "
+        "$pi_ns$::InlineGreedyStringParser($1$_.MutableNoArenaNoDefault(&$2$"
+        "), ptr, ctx);"
+        "\n}\n"
+        "const std::string* str = &$1$_.Get(); (void)str;\n",
+        FieldName(field), default_string);
+  }
+
+  void GenerateStrings(const FieldDescriptor* field, bool check_utf8) {
+    FieldOptions::CType ctype = FieldOptions::STRING;
+    if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+      // Open source doesn't support other ctypes;
+      ctype = field->options().ctype();
+    }
+    if (field->file()->options().cc_enable_arenas() && !field->is_repeated() &&
+        !options_.opensource_runtime &&
+        GetOptimizeFor(field->file(), options_) != FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME &&
+        // For now only use arena string for strings with empty defaults.
+        field->default_value_string().empty() &&
+        !IsStringInlined(field, options_) &&
+        field->containing_oneof() == nullptr && ctype == FieldOptions::STRING) {
+      GenerateArenaString(field);
+    } else {
+      std::string name;
+      switch (ctype) {
+        case FieldOptions::STRING:
+          name = "GreedyStringParser";
+          break;
+        case FieldOptions::CORD:
+          name = "CordParser";
+          break;
+        case FieldOptions::STRING_PIECE:
+          name = "StringPieceParser";
+          break;
+      }
+      format_(
+          "auto str = $1$$2$_$3$();\n"
+          "ptr = $pi_ns$::Inline$4$(str, ptr, ctx);\n",
+          HasInternalAccessors(ctype) ? "_internal_" : "",
+          field->is_repeated() && !field->is_packable() ? "add" : "mutable",
+          FieldName(field), name);
+    }
+    if (!check_utf8) return;  // return if this is a bytes field
+    auto level = GetUtf8CheckMode(field, options_);
+    switch (level) {
+      case NONE:
+        return;
+      case VERIFY:
+        format_("#ifndef NDEBUG\n");
+        break;
+      case STRICT:
+        format_("CHK_(");
+        break;
+    }
+    std::string field_name;
+    field_name = "nullptr";
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(field->file(), options_)) {
+      field_name = StrCat("\"", field->full_name(), "\"");
+    }
+    format_("$pi_ns$::VerifyUTF8(str, $1$)", field_name);
+    switch (level) {
+      case NONE:
+        return;
+      case VERIFY:
+        format_(
+            ";\n"
+            "#endif  // !NDEBUG\n");
+        break;
+      case STRICT:
+        format_(");\n");
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void GenerateLengthDelim(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+    if (field->is_packable()) {
+      std::string enum_validator;
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM &&
+          !HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(field)) {
+        enum_validator =
+            StrCat(", ", QualifiedClassName(field->enum_type(), options_),
+                         "_IsValid, &_internal_metadata_, ", field->number());
+      }
+      format_(
+          "ptr = $pi_ns$::Packed$1$Parser(_internal_mutable_$2$(), ptr, "
+          "ctx$3$);\n",
+          DeclaredTypeMethodName(field->type()), FieldName(field),
+          enum_validator);
+    } else {
+      auto field_type = field->type();
+      switch (field_type) {
+        case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+          GenerateStrings(field, true /* utf8 */);
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+          GenerateStrings(field, false /* utf8 */);
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+          if (field->is_map()) {
+            const FieldDescriptor* val =
+                field->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+            GOOGLE_CHECK(val);
+            if (HasFieldPresence(field->file()) &&
+                val->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM) {
+              format_(
+                  "auto object = ::$proto_ns$::internal::InitEnumParseWrapper("
+                  "&$1$_, $2$_IsValid, $3$, &_internal_metadata_);\n"
+                  "ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(&object, ptr);\n",
+                  FieldName(field), QualifiedClassName(val->enum_type()),
+                  field->number());
+            } else {
+              format_("ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(&$1$_, ptr);\n",
+                      FieldName(field));
+            }
+          } else if (IsLazy(field, options_)) {
+            if (field->containing_oneof() != nullptr) {
+              format_(
+                  "if (!_internal_has_$1$()) {\n"
+                  "  clear_$2$();\n"
+                  "  $2$_.$1$_ = ::$proto_ns$::Arena::CreateMessage<\n"
+                  "      $pi_ns$::LazyField>("
+                  "GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+                  "  set_has_$1$();\n"
+                  "}\n"
+                  "ptr = ctx->ParseMessage($2$_.$1$_, ptr);\n",
+                  FieldName(field), field->containing_oneof()->name());
+            } else if (HasFieldPresence(field->file())) {
+              format_(
+                  "_Internal::set_has_$1$(&$has_bits$);\n"
+                  "ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(&$1$_, ptr);\n",
+                  FieldName(field));
+            } else {
+              format_("ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(&$1$_, ptr);\n",
+                      FieldName(field));
+            }
+          } else if (IsImplicitWeakField(field, options_, scc_analyzer_)) {
+            if (!field->is_repeated()) {
+              format_(
+                  "ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_Internal::mutable_$1$(this), "
+                  "ptr);\n",
+                  FieldName(field));
+            } else {
+              format_(
+                  "ptr = ctx->ParseMessage($1$_.AddWeak(reinterpret_cast<const "
+                  "::$proto_ns$::MessageLite*>($2$::_$3$_default_instance_ptr_)"
+                  "), ptr);\n",
+                  FieldName(field), Namespace(field->message_type(), options_),
+                  ClassName(field->message_type()));
+            }
+          } else if (IsWeak(field, options_)) {
+            format_(
+                "ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_weak_field_map_.MutableMessage($1$,"
+                " _$classname$_default_instance_.$2$_), ptr);\n",
+                field->number(), FieldName(field));
+          } else {
+            format_("ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_$1$_$2$(), ptr);\n",
+                    field->is_repeated() ? "add" : "mutable", FieldName(field));
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        default:
+          GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Illegal combination for length delimited wiretype "
+                     << " filed type is " << field->type();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Convert a 1 or 2 byte varint into the equivalent value upon a direct load.
+  static uint32 SmallVarintValue(uint32 x) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(x < 128 * 128);
+    if (x >= 128) x += (x & 0xFF80) + 128;
+    return x;
+  }
+
+  static bool ShouldRepeat(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                           internal::WireFormatLite::WireType wiretype) {
+    constexpr int kMaxTwoByteFieldNumber = 16 * 128;
+    return descriptor->number() < kMaxTwoByteFieldNumber &&
+           descriptor->is_repeated() &&
+           (!descriptor->is_packable() ||
+            wiretype != internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+  }
+
+  void GenerateFieldBody(internal::WireFormatLite::WireType wiretype,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+    uint32 tag = WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(), wiretype);
+    switch (wiretype) {
+      case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT: {
+        std::string type = PrimitiveTypeName(options_, field->cpp_type());
+        std::string prefix = field->is_repeated() ? "add" : "set";
+        if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM) {
+          format_(
+              "$uint64$ val = $pi_ns$::ReadVarint(&ptr);\n"
+              "CHK_(ptr);\n");
+          if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(field)) {
+            format_("if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE($1$_IsValid(val))) {\n",
+                    QualifiedClassName(field->enum_type(), options_));
+            format_.Indent();
+          }
+          format_("_internal_$1$_$2$(static_cast<$3$>(val));\n", prefix,
+                  FieldName(field),
+                  QualifiedClassName(field->enum_type(), options_));
+          if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(field)) {
+            format_.Outdent();
+            format_(
+                "} else {\n"
+                "  $pi_ns$::WriteVarint($1$, val, mutable_unknown_fields());\n"
+                "}\n",
+                field->number());
+          }
+        } else {
+          int size = field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32 ? 32 : 64;
+          std::string zigzag;
+          if ((field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32 ||
+               field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64)) {
+            zigzag = StrCat("ZigZag", size);
+          }
+          if (field->is_repeated() || field->containing_oneof()) {
+            std::string prefix = field->is_repeated() ? "add" : "set";
+            format_(
+                "_internal_$1$_$2$($pi_ns$::ReadVarint$3$(&ptr));\n"
+                "CHK_(ptr);\n",
+                prefix, FieldName(field), zigzag);
+          } else {
+            if (HasFieldPresence(field->file())) {
+              format_("_Internal::set_has_$1$(&$has_bits$);\n",
+                      FieldName(field));
+            }
+            format_(
+                "$1$_ = $pi_ns$::ReadVarint$2$(&ptr);\n"
+                "CHK_(ptr);\n",
+                FieldName(field), zigzag);
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+      case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED64: {
+        std::string type = PrimitiveTypeName(options_, field->cpp_type());
+        if (field->is_repeated() || field->containing_oneof()) {
+          std::string prefix = field->is_repeated() ? "add" : "set";
+          format_(
+              "_internal_$1$_$2$($pi_ns$::UnalignedLoad<$3$>(ptr));\n"
+              "ptr += sizeof($3$);\n",
+              prefix, FieldName(field), type);
+        } else {
+          if (HasFieldPresence(field->file())) {
+            format_("_Internal::set_has_$1$(&$has_bits$);\n", FieldName(field));
+          }
+          format_(
+              "$1$_ = $pi_ns$::UnalignedLoad<$2$>(ptr);\n"
+              "ptr += sizeof($2$);\n",
+              FieldName(field), type);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED: {
+        GenerateLengthDelim(field);
+        format_("CHK_(ptr);\n");
+        break;
+      }
+      case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_START_GROUP: {
+        format_(
+            "ptr = ctx->ParseGroup(_internal_$1$_$2$(), ptr, $3$);\n"
+            "CHK_(ptr);\n",
+            field->is_repeated() ? "add" : "mutable", FieldName(field), tag);
+        break;
+      }
+      case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP: {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't have end group field\n";
+        break;
+      }
+    }  // switch (wire_type)
+  }
+
+  // Returns the tag for this field and in case of repeated packable fields,
+  // sets a fallback tag in fallback_tag_ptr.
+  static uint32 ExpectedTag(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                            uint32* fallback_tag_ptr) {
+    uint32 expected_tag;
+    if (field->is_packable()) {
+      auto expected_wiretype = WireFormat::WireTypeForFieldType(field->type());
+      expected_tag =
+          WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(), expected_wiretype);
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(expected_wiretype != WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      auto fallback_wiretype = WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED;
+      uint32 fallback_tag =
+          WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(), fallback_wiretype);
+
+      if (field->is_packed()) std::swap(expected_tag, fallback_tag);
+      *fallback_tag_ptr = fallback_tag;
+    } else {
+      auto expected_wiretype = WireFormat::WireTypeForField(field);
+      expected_tag =
+          WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(), expected_wiretype);
+    }
+    return expected_tag;
+  }
+
+  void GenerateParseLoop(
+      const Descriptor* descriptor,
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& ordered_fields) {
+    format_(
+        "while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {\n"
+        "  $uint32$ tag;\n"
+        "  ptr = $pi_ns$::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);\n"
+        "  CHK_(ptr);\n");
+    if (!ordered_fields.empty()) format_("  switch (tag >> 3) {\n");
+
+    format_.Indent();
+    format_.Indent();
+
+    for (const auto* field : ordered_fields) {
+      PrintFieldComment(format_, field);
+      format_("case $1$:\n", field->number());
+      format_.Indent();
+      uint32 fallback_tag = 0;
+      uint32 expected_tag = ExpectedTag(field, &fallback_tag);
+      format_(
+          "if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<$uint8$>(tag) == $1$)) {\n",
+          expected_tag & 0xFF);
+      format_.Indent();
+      auto wiretype = WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(expected_tag);
+      uint32 tag = WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(), wiretype);
+      int tag_size = io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(tag);
+      bool is_repeat = ShouldRepeat(field, wiretype);
+      if (is_repeat) {
+        format_(
+            "ptr -= $1$;\n"
+            "do {\n"
+            "  ptr += $1$;\n",
+            tag_size);
+        format_.Indent();
+      }
+      GenerateFieldBody(wiretype, field);
+      if (is_repeat) {
+        format_.Outdent();
+        format_(
+            "  if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;\n"
+            "} while ($pi_ns$::ExpectTag<$1$>(ptr));\n",
+            tag);
+      }
+      format_.Outdent();
+      if (fallback_tag) {
+        format_("} else if (static_cast<$uint8$>(tag) == $1$) {\n",
+                fallback_tag & 0xFF);
+        format_.Indent();
+        GenerateFieldBody(WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(fallback_tag), field);
+        format_.Outdent();
+      }
+      format_.Outdent();
+      format_(
+          "  } else goto handle_unusual;\n"
+          "  continue;\n");
+    }  // for loop over ordered fields
+
+    // Default case
+    if (!ordered_fields.empty()) format_("default: {\n");
+    if (!ordered_fields.empty()) format_("handle_unusual:\n");
+    format_(
+        "  if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {\n"
+        "    ctx->SetLastTag(tag);\n"
+        "    goto success;\n"
+        "  }\n");
+    if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor)) {
+      format_("  continue;\n");
+    } else {
+      if (descriptor->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+        format_("if (");
+        for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->extension_range_count(); i++) {
+          const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range =
+              descriptor->extension_range(i);
+          if (i > 0) format_(" ||\n    ");
+
+          uint32 start_tag = WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+              range->start, static_cast<WireFormatLite::WireType>(0));
+          uint32 end_tag = WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+              range->end, static_cast<WireFormatLite::WireType>(0));
+
+          if (range->end > FieldDescriptor::kMaxNumber) {
+            format_("($1$u <= tag)", start_tag);
+          } else {
+            format_("($1$u <= tag && tag < $2$u)", start_tag, end_tag);
+          }
+        }
+        format_(") {\n");
+        format_(
+            "  ptr = _extensions_.ParseField(tag, ptr,\n"
+            "      internal_default_instance(), &_internal_metadata_, ctx);\n"
+            "  CHK_(ptr != nullptr);\n"
+            "  continue;\n"
+            "}\n");
+      }
+      format_(
+          "  ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);\n"
+          "  CHK_(ptr != nullptr);\n"
+          "  continue;\n");
+    }
+    if (!ordered_fields.empty()) format_("}\n");  // default case
+    format_.Outdent();
+    format_.Outdent();
+    if (!ordered_fields.empty()) format_("  }  // switch\n");
+    format_("}  // while\n");
+  }
+};
+
+void GenerateParserLoop(const Descriptor* descriptor, int num_hasbits,
+                        const Options& options,
+                        MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer,
+                        io::Printer* printer) {
+  ParseLoopGenerator generator(num_hasbits, options, scc_analyzer, printer);
+  generator.GenerateParserLoop(descriptor);
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28cf78e7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,864 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_HELPERS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_HELPERS_H__
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/scc.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+// Must be included last.
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+inline std::string ProtobufNamespace(const Options& options) {
+  return "PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID";
+}
+
+inline std::string MacroPrefix(const Options& options) {
+  return options.opensource_runtime ? "GOOGLE_PROTOBUF" : "GOOGLE_PROTOBUF";
+}
+
+inline std::string DeprecatedAttribute(const Options& options,
+                                       const FieldDescriptor* d) {
+  return d->options().deprecated() ? "PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED " : "";
+}
+
+inline std::string DeprecatedAttribute(const Options& options,
+                                       const EnumValueDescriptor* d) {
+  return d->options().deprecated() ? "PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_ENUM " : "";
+}
+
+// Commonly-used separator comments.  Thick is a line of '=', thin is a line
+// of '-'.
+extern const char kThickSeparator[];
+extern const char kThinSeparator[];
+
+void SetCommonVars(const Options& options,
+                   std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables);
+
+bool GetBootstrapBasename(const Options& options, const std::string& basename,
+                          std::string* bootstrap_basename);
+bool MaybeBootstrap(const Options& options, GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+                    bool bootstrap_flag, std::string* basename);
+bool IsBootstrapProto(const Options& options, const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+// Name space of the proto file. This namespace is such that the string
+// "<namespace>::some_name" is the correct fully qualified namespace.
+// This means if the package is empty the namespace is "", and otherwise
+// the namespace is "::foo::bar::...::baz" without trailing semi-colons.
+std::string Namespace(const FileDescriptor* d, const Options& options);
+std::string Namespace(const Descriptor* d, const Options& options);
+std::string Namespace(const FieldDescriptor* d, const Options& options);
+std::string Namespace(const EnumDescriptor* d, const Options& options);
+
+// Returns true if it's safe to reset "field" to zero.
+bool CanInitializeByZeroing(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+std::string ClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+std::string ClassName(const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor);
+
+std::string QualifiedClassName(const Descriptor* d, const Options& options);
+std::string QualifiedClassName(const EnumDescriptor* d, const Options& options);
+
+std::string QualifiedClassName(const Descriptor* d);
+std::string QualifiedClassName(const EnumDescriptor* d);
+
+// DEPRECATED just use ClassName or QualifiedClassName, a boolean is very
+// unreadable at the callsite.
+// Returns the non-nested type name for the given type.  If "qualified" is
+// true, prefix the type with the full namespace.  For example, if you had:
+//   package foo.bar;
+//   message Baz { message Qux {} }
+// Then the qualified ClassName for Qux would be:
+//   ::foo::bar::Baz_Qux
+// While the non-qualified version would be:
+//   Baz_Qux
+inline std::string ClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor, bool qualified) {
+  return qualified ? QualifiedClassName(descriptor, Options())
+                   : ClassName(descriptor);
+}
+
+inline std::string ClassName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor, bool qualified) {
+  return qualified ? QualifiedClassName(descriptor, Options())
+                   : ClassName(descriptor);
+}
+
+// Type name of default instance.
+std::string DefaultInstanceType(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                const Options& options);
+
+// Non-qualified name of the default_instance of this message.
+std::string DefaultInstanceName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                const Options& options);
+
+// Non-qualified name of the default instance pointer. This is used only for
+// implicit weak fields, where we need an extra indirection.
+std::string DefaultInstancePtr(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                               const Options& options);
+
+// Fully qualified name of the default_instance of this message.
+std::string QualifiedDefaultInstanceName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                         const Options& options);
+
+// Fully qualified name of the default instance pointer.
+std::string QualifiedDefaultInstancePtr(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                        const Options& options);
+
+// DescriptorTable variable name.
+std::string DescriptorTableName(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                const Options& options);
+
+// When declaring symbol externs from another file, this macro will supply the
+// dllexport needed for the target file, if any.
+std::string FileDllExport(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options);
+
+// Name of the base class: google::protobuf::Message or google::protobuf::MessageLite.
+std::string SuperClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                           const Options& options);
+
+// Adds an underscore if necessary to prevent conflicting with a keyword.
+std::string ResolveKeyword(const std::string& name);
+
+// Get the (unqualified) name that should be used for this field in C++ code.
+// The name is coerced to lower-case to emulate proto1 behavior.  People
+// should be using lowercase-with-underscores style for proto field names
+// anyway, so normally this just returns field->name().
+std::string FieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+// Get the sanitized name that should be used for the given enum in C++ code.
+std::string EnumValueName(const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value);
+
+// Returns an estimate of the compiler's alignment for the field.  This
+// can't guarantee to be correct because the generated code could be compiled on
+// different systems with different alignment rules.  The estimates below assume
+// 64-bit pointers.
+int EstimateAlignmentSize(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+// Get the unqualified name that should be used for a field's field
+// number constant.
+std::string FieldConstantName(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+// Returns the scope where the field was defined (for extensions, this is
+// different from the message type to which the field applies).
+inline const Descriptor* FieldScope(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return field->is_extension() ? field->extension_scope()
+                               : field->containing_type();
+}
+
+// Returns the fully-qualified type name field->message_type().  Usually this
+// is just ClassName(field->message_type(), true);
+std::string FieldMessageTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                 const Options& options);
+
+// Strips ".proto" or ".protodevel" from the end of a filename.
+PROTOC_EXPORT std::string StripProto(const std::string& filename);
+
+// Get the C++ type name for a primitive type (e.g. "double", "::google::protobuf::int32", etc.).
+const char* PrimitiveTypeName(FieldDescriptor::CppType type);
+std::string PrimitiveTypeName(const Options& options,
+                              FieldDescriptor::CppType type);
+
+// Get the declared type name in CamelCase format, as is used e.g. for the
+// methods of WireFormat.  For example, TYPE_INT32 becomes "Int32".
+const char* DeclaredTypeMethodName(FieldDescriptor::Type type);
+
+// Return the code that evaluates to the number when compiled.
+std::string Int32ToString(int number);
+
+// Return the code that evaluates to the number when compiled.
+std::string Int64ToString(const Options& options, int64 number);
+
+// Get code that evaluates to the field's default value.
+std::string DefaultValue(const Options& options, const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+// Compatibility function for callers outside proto2.
+std::string DefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+// Convert a file name into a valid identifier.
+std::string FilenameIdentifier(const std::string& filename);
+
+// For each .proto file generates a unique name. To prevent collisions of
+// symbols in the global namespace
+std::string UniqueName(const std::string& name, const std::string& filename,
+                       const Options& options);
+inline std::string UniqueName(const std::string& name, const FileDescriptor* d,
+                              const Options& options) {
+  return UniqueName(name, d->name(), options);
+}
+inline std::string UniqueName(const std::string& name, const Descriptor* d,
+                              const Options& options) {
+  return UniqueName(name, d->file(), options);
+}
+inline std::string UniqueName(const std::string& name, const EnumDescriptor* d,
+                              const Options& options) {
+  return UniqueName(name, d->file(), options);
+}
+inline std::string UniqueName(const std::string& name,
+                              const ServiceDescriptor* d,
+                              const Options& options) {
+  return UniqueName(name, d->file(), options);
+}
+
+// Versions for call sites that only support the internal runtime (like proto1
+// support).
+inline Options InternalRuntimeOptions() {
+  Options options;
+  options.opensource_runtime = false;
+  return options;
+}
+inline std::string UniqueName(const std::string& name,
+                              const std::string& filename) {
+  return UniqueName(name, filename, InternalRuntimeOptions());
+}
+inline std::string UniqueName(const std::string& name,
+                              const FileDescriptor* d) {
+  return UniqueName(name, d->name(), InternalRuntimeOptions());
+}
+inline std::string UniqueName(const std::string& name, const Descriptor* d) {
+  return UniqueName(name, d->file(), InternalRuntimeOptions());
+}
+inline std::string UniqueName(const std::string& name,
+                              const EnumDescriptor* d) {
+  return UniqueName(name, d->file(), InternalRuntimeOptions());
+}
+inline std::string UniqueName(const std::string& name,
+                              const ServiceDescriptor* d) {
+  return UniqueName(name, d->file(), InternalRuntimeOptions());
+}
+
+// Return the qualified C++ name for a file level symbol.
+std::string QualifiedFileLevelSymbol(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                     const std::string& name,
+                                     const Options& options);
+
+// Escape C++ trigraphs by escaping question marks to \?
+std::string EscapeTrigraphs(const std::string& to_escape);
+
+// Escaped function name to eliminate naming conflict.
+std::string SafeFunctionName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                             const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                             const std::string& prefix);
+
+// Returns true if generated messages have public unknown fields accessors
+inline bool PublicUnknownFieldsAccessors(const Descriptor* message) {
+  return message->file()->syntax() != FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+}
+
+// Returns the optimize mode for <file>, respecting <options.enforce_lite>.
+FileOptions_OptimizeMode GetOptimizeFor(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                        const Options& options);
+
+// Determines whether unknown fields will be stored in an UnknownFieldSet or
+// a string.
+inline bool UseUnknownFieldSet(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                               const Options& options) {
+  return GetOptimizeFor(file, options) != FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME;
+}
+
+inline bool IsWeak(const FieldDescriptor* field, const Options& options) {
+  if (field->options().weak()) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(!options.opensource_runtime);
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool IsStringInlined(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options);
+
+// For a string field, returns the effective ctype.  If the actual ctype is
+// not supported, returns the default of STRING.
+FieldOptions::CType EffectiveStringCType(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                         const Options& options);
+
+inline bool IsCord(const FieldDescriptor* field, const Options& options) {
+  return field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING &&
+         EffectiveStringCType(field, options) == FieldOptions::CORD;
+}
+
+inline bool IsStringPiece(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                          const Options& options) {
+  return field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING &&
+         EffectiveStringCType(field, options) == FieldOptions::STRING_PIECE;
+}
+
+// Does the given FileDescriptor use lazy fields?
+bool HasLazyFields(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options);
+
+// Is the given field a supported lazy field?
+inline bool IsLazy(const FieldDescriptor* field, const Options& options) {
+  return field->options().lazy() && !field->is_repeated() &&
+         field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+         GetOptimizeFor(field->file(), options) != FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME &&
+         !options.opensource_runtime;
+}
+
+// Does the file contain any definitions that need extension_set.h?
+bool HasExtensionsOrExtendableMessage(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+// Does the file have any repeated fields, necessitating the file to include
+// repeated_field.h? This does not include repeated extensions, since those are
+// all stored internally in an ExtensionSet, not a separate RepeatedField*.
+bool HasRepeatedFields(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+// Does the file have any string/bytes fields with ctype=STRING_PIECE? This
+// does not include extensions, since ctype is ignored for extensions.
+bool HasStringPieceFields(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options);
+
+// Does the file have any string/bytes fields with ctype=CORD? This does not
+// include extensions, since ctype is ignored for extensions.
+bool HasCordFields(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options);
+
+// Does the file have any map fields, necessitating the file to include
+// map_field_inl.h and map.h.
+bool HasMapFields(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+// Does this file have any enum type definitions?
+bool HasEnumDefinitions(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+// Does this file have generated parsing, serialization, and other
+// standard methods for which reflection-based fallback implementations exist?
+inline bool HasGeneratedMethods(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                const Options& options) {
+  return GetOptimizeFor(file, options) != FileOptions::CODE_SIZE;
+}
+
+// Do message classes in this file have descriptor and reflection methods?
+inline bool HasDescriptorMethods(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                 const Options& options) {
+  return GetOptimizeFor(file, options) != FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME;
+}
+
+// Should we generate generic services for this file?
+inline bool HasGenericServices(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                               const Options& options) {
+  return file->service_count() > 0 &&
+         GetOptimizeFor(file, options) != FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME &&
+         file->options().cc_generic_services();
+}
+
+inline bool IsProto2MessageSet(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                               const Options& options) {
+  return !options.opensource_runtime &&
+         options.enforce_mode != EnforceOptimizeMode::kLiteRuntime &&
+         !options.lite_implicit_weak_fields &&
+         descriptor->options().message_set_wire_format() &&
+         descriptor->full_name() == "google.protobuf.bridge.MessageSet";
+}
+
+inline bool IsProto2MessageSetFile(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                   const Options& options) {
+  return !options.opensource_runtime &&
+         options.enforce_mode != EnforceOptimizeMode::kLiteRuntime &&
+         !options.lite_implicit_weak_fields &&
+         file->name() == "net/proto2/bridge/proto/message_set.proto";
+}
+
+inline bool IsMapEntryMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->options().map_entry();
+}
+
+// Returns true if the field's CPPTYPE is string or message.
+bool IsStringOrMessage(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const std::string& input,
+                                   bool cap_next_letter);
+
+inline bool HasFieldPresence(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  return file->syntax() != FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+}
+
+// Returns true if 'enum' semantics are such that unknown values are preserved
+// in the enum field itself, rather than going to the UnknownFieldSet.
+inline bool HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return field->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+}
+
+inline bool SupportsArenas(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  return file->options().cc_enable_arenas();
+}
+
+inline bool SupportsArenas(const Descriptor* desc) {
+  return SupportsArenas(desc->file());
+}
+
+inline bool SupportsArenas(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return SupportsArenas(field->file());
+}
+
+inline bool IsCrossFileMessage(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+         field->message_type()->file() != field->file();
+}
+
+inline std::string MessageCreateFunction(const Descriptor* d) {
+  return SupportsArenas(d) ? "CreateMessage" : "Create";
+}
+
+inline std::string MakeDefaultName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return "_i_give_permission_to_break_this_code_default_" + FieldName(field) +
+         "_";
+}
+
+bool IsAnyMessage(const FileDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options);
+bool IsAnyMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor, const Options& options);
+
+bool IsWellKnownMessage(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+inline std::string IncludeGuard(const FileDescriptor* file, bool pb_h,
+                                const Options& options) {
+  // If we are generating a .pb.h file and the proto_h option is enabled, then
+  // the .pb.h gets an extra suffix.
+  std::string filename_identifier = FilenameIdentifier(
+      file->name() + (pb_h && options.proto_h ? ".pb.h" : ""));
+
+  if (IsWellKnownMessage(file)) {
+    // For well-known messages we need third_party/protobuf and net/proto2 to
+    // have distinct include guards, because some source files include both and
+    // both need to be defined (the third_party copies will be in the
+    // google::protobuf_opensource namespace).
+    return MacroPrefix(options) + "_INCLUDED_" + filename_identifier;
+  } else {
+    // Ideally this case would use distinct include guards for opensource and
+    // google3 protos also.  (The behavior of "first #included wins" is not
+    // ideal).  But unfortunately some legacy code includes both and depends on
+    // the identical include guards to avoid compile errors.
+    //
+    // We should clean this up so that this case can be removed.
+    return "GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_" + filename_identifier;
+  }
+}
+
+inline FileOptions_OptimizeMode GetOptimizeFor(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                               const Options& options) {
+  switch (options.enforce_mode) {
+    case EnforceOptimizeMode::kSpeed:
+      return FileOptions::SPEED;
+    case EnforceOptimizeMode::kLiteRuntime:
+      return FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME;
+    case EnforceOptimizeMode::kNoEnforcement:
+    default:
+      return file->options().optimize_for();
+  }
+}
+
+// This orders the messages in a .pb.cc as it's outputted by file.cc
+void FlattenMessagesInFile(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                           std::vector<const Descriptor*>* result);
+inline std::vector<const Descriptor*> FlattenMessagesInFile(
+    const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  std::vector<const Descriptor*> result;
+  FlattenMessagesInFile(file, &result);
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool HasWeakFields(const Descriptor* desc, const Options& options);
+bool HasWeakFields(const FileDescriptor* desc, const Options& options);
+
+// Returns true if the "required" restriction check should be ignored for the
+// given field.
+inline static bool ShouldIgnoreRequiredFieldCheck(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                                  const Options& options) {
+  // Do not check "required" for lazy fields.
+  return IsLazy(field, options);
+}
+
+struct MessageAnalysis {
+  bool is_recursive;
+  bool contains_cord;
+  bool contains_extension;
+  bool contains_required;
+  bool constructor_requires_initialization;
+};
+
+// This class is used in FileGenerator, to ensure linear instead of
+// quadratic performance, if we do this per message we would get O(V*(V+E)).
+// Logically this is just only used in message.cc, but in the header for
+// FileGenerator to help share it.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT MessageSCCAnalyzer {
+ public:
+  explicit MessageSCCAnalyzer(const Options& options) : options_(options) {}
+
+  MessageAnalysis GetSCCAnalysis(const SCC* scc);
+
+  bool HasRequiredFields(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    MessageAnalysis result = GetSCCAnalysis(GetSCC(descriptor));
+    return result.contains_required || result.contains_extension;
+  }
+  const SCC* GetSCC(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    return analyzer_.GetSCC(descriptor);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  struct DepsGenerator {
+    std::vector<const Descriptor*> operator()(const Descriptor* desc) const {
+      std::vector<const Descriptor*> deps;
+      for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+        if (desc->field(i)->message_type()) {
+          deps.push_back(desc->field(i)->message_type());
+        }
+      }
+      return deps;
+    }
+  };
+  SCCAnalyzer<DepsGenerator> analyzer_;
+  Options options_;
+  std::map<const SCC*, MessageAnalysis> analysis_cache_;
+};
+
+inline std::string SccInfoSymbol(const SCC* scc, const Options& options) {
+  return UniqueName("scc_info_" + ClassName(scc->GetRepresentative()),
+                    scc->GetRepresentative(), options);
+}
+
+inline std::string SccInfoPtrSymbol(const SCC* scc, const Options& options) {
+  return UniqueName("scc_info_ptr_" + ClassName(scc->GetRepresentative()),
+                    scc->GetRepresentative(), options);
+}
+
+void ListAllFields(const Descriptor* d,
+                   std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* fields);
+void ListAllFields(const FileDescriptor* d,
+                   std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* fields);
+
+template <class T>
+void ForEachField(const Descriptor* d, T&& func) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < d->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    ForEachField(d->nested_type(i), std::forward<T&&>(func));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < d->extension_count(); i++) {
+    func(d->extension(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < d->field_count(); i++) {
+    func(d->field(i));
+  }
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void ForEachField(const FileDescriptor* d, T&& func) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < d->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    ForEachField(d->message_type(i), std::forward<T&&>(func));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < d->extension_count(); i++) {
+    func(d->extension(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void ListAllTypesForServices(const FileDescriptor* fd,
+                             std::vector<const Descriptor*>* types);
+
+// Indicates whether we should use implicit weak fields for this file.
+bool UsingImplicitWeakFields(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                             const Options& options);
+
+// Indicates whether to treat this field as implicitly weak.
+bool IsImplicitWeakField(const FieldDescriptor* field, const Options& options,
+                         MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer);
+
+// Formatter is a functor class which acts as a closure around printer and
+// the variable map. It's much like printer->Print except it supports both named
+// variables that are substituted using a key value map and direct arguments. In
+// the format string $1$, $2$, etc... are substituted for the first, second, ...
+// direct argument respectively in the format call, it accepts both strings and
+// integers. The implementation verifies all arguments are used and are "first"
+// used in order of appearance in the argument list. For example,
+//
+// Format("return array[$1$];", 3) -> "return array[3];"
+// Format("array[$2$] = $1$;", "Bla", 3) -> FATAL error (wrong order)
+// Format("array[$1$] = $2$;", 3, "Bla") -> "array[3] = Bla;"
+//
+// The arguments can be used more than once like
+//
+// Format("array[$1$] = $2$;  // Index = $1$", 3, "Bla") ->
+//        "array[3] = Bla;  // Index = 3"
+//
+// If you use more arguments use the following style to help the reader,
+//
+// Format("int $1$() {\n"
+//        "  array[$2$] = $3$;\n"
+//        "  return $4$;"
+//        "}\n",
+//        funname, // 1
+//        idx,  // 2
+//        varname,  // 3
+//        retval);  // 4
+//
+// but consider using named variables. Named variables like $foo$, with some
+// identifier foo, are looked up in the map. One additional feature is that
+// spaces are accepted between the '$' delimiters, $ foo$ will
+// substiture to " bar" if foo stands for "bar", but in case it's empty
+// will substitute to "". Hence, for example,
+//
+// Format(vars, "$dllexport $void fun();") -> "void fun();"
+//                                            "__declspec(export) void fun();"
+//
+// which is convenient to prevent double, leading or trailing spaces.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT Formatter {
+ public:
+  explicit Formatter(io::Printer* printer) : printer_(printer) {}
+  Formatter(io::Printer* printer,
+            const std::map<std::string, std::string>& vars)
+      : printer_(printer), vars_(vars) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  void Set(const std::string& key, const T& value) {
+    vars_[key] = ToString(value);
+  }
+
+  void AddMap(const std::map<std::string, std::string>& vars) {
+    for (const auto& keyval : vars) vars_[keyval.first] = keyval.second;
+  }
+
+  template <typename... Args>
+  void operator()(const char* format, const Args&... args) const {
+    printer_->FormatInternal({ToString(args)...}, vars_, format);
+  }
+
+  void Indent() const { printer_->Indent(); }
+  void Outdent() const { printer_->Outdent(); }
+  io::Printer* printer() const { return printer_; }
+
+  class PROTOC_EXPORT SaveState {
+   public:
+    explicit SaveState(Formatter* format)
+        : format_(format), vars_(format->vars_) {}
+    ~SaveState() { format_->vars_.swap(vars_); }
+
+   private:
+    Formatter* format_;
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars_;
+  };
+
+ private:
+  io::Printer* printer_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars_;
+
+  // Convenience overloads to accept different types as arguments.
+  static std::string ToString(const std::string& s) { return s; }
+  template <typename I, typename = typename std::enable_if<
+                            std::is_integral<I>::value>::type>
+  static std::string ToString(I x) {
+    return StrCat(x);
+  }
+  static std::string ToString(strings::Hex x) { return StrCat(x); }
+  static std::string ToString(const FieldDescriptor* d) { return Payload(d); }
+  static std::string ToString(const Descriptor* d) { return Payload(d); }
+  static std::string ToString(const EnumDescriptor* d) { return Payload(d); }
+  static std::string ToString(const EnumValueDescriptor* d) {
+    return Payload(d);
+  }
+  static std::string ToString(const OneofDescriptor* d) { return Payload(d); }
+
+  template <typename Descriptor>
+  static std::string Payload(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    std::vector<int> path;
+    descriptor->GetLocationPath(&path);
+    GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation annotation;
+    for (int i = 0; i < path.size(); ++i) {
+      annotation.add_path(path[i]);
+    }
+    annotation.set_source_file(descriptor->file()->name());
+    return annotation.SerializeAsString();
+  }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+void PrintFieldComment(const Formatter& format, const T* field) {
+  // Print the field's (or oneof's) proto-syntax definition as a comment.
+  // We don't want to print group bodies so we cut off after the first
+  // line.
+  DebugStringOptions options;
+  options.elide_group_body = true;
+  options.elide_oneof_body = true;
+  std::string def = field->DebugStringWithOptions(options);
+  format("// $1$\n", def.substr(0, def.find_first_of('\n')));
+}
+
+class PROTOC_EXPORT NamespaceOpener {
+ public:
+  explicit NamespaceOpener(const Formatter& format)
+      : printer_(format.printer()) {}
+  NamespaceOpener(const std::string& name, const Formatter& format)
+      : NamespaceOpener(format) {
+    ChangeTo(name);
+  }
+  ~NamespaceOpener() { ChangeTo(""); }
+
+  void ChangeTo(const std::string& name) {
+    std::vector<std::string> new_stack_ =
+        Split(name, "::", true);
+    int len = std::min(name_stack_.size(), new_stack_.size());
+    int common_idx = 0;
+    while (common_idx < len) {
+      if (name_stack_[common_idx] != new_stack_[common_idx]) break;
+      common_idx++;
+    }
+    for (int i = name_stack_.size() - 1; i >= common_idx; i--) {
+      if (name_stack_[i] == "PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID") {
+        printer_->Print("PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE\n");
+      } else {
+        printer_->Print("}  // namespace $ns$\n", "ns", name_stack_[i]);
+      }
+    }
+    name_stack_.swap(new_stack_);
+    for (int i = common_idx; i < name_stack_.size(); i++) {
+      if (name_stack_[i] == "PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID") {
+        printer_->Print("PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN\n");
+      } else {
+        printer_->Print("namespace $ns$ {\n", "ns", name_stack_[i]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  io::Printer* printer_;
+  std::vector<std::string> name_stack_;
+};
+
+enum Utf8CheckMode {
+  STRICT = 0,  // Parsing will fail if non UTF-8 data is in string fields.
+  VERIFY = 1,  // Only log an error but parsing will succeed.
+  NONE = 2,    // No UTF-8 check.
+};
+
+Utf8CheckMode GetUtf8CheckMode(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                               const Options& options);
+
+void GenerateUtf8CheckCodeForString(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    const Options& options, bool for_parse,
+                                    const char* parameters,
+                                    const Formatter& format);
+
+void GenerateUtf8CheckCodeForCord(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                  const Options& options, bool for_parse,
+                                  const char* parameters,
+                                  const Formatter& format);
+
+template <typename T>
+struct FieldRangeImpl {
+  struct Iterator {
+    using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
+    using value_type = const FieldDescriptor*;
+    using difference_type = int;
+
+    value_type operator*() { return descriptor->field(idx); }
+
+    friend bool operator==(const Iterator& a, const Iterator& b) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(a.descriptor == b.descriptor);
+      return a.idx == b.idx;
+    }
+    friend bool operator!=(const Iterator& a, const Iterator& b) {
+      return !(a == b);
+    }
+
+    Iterator& operator++() {
+      idx++;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    int idx;
+    const T* descriptor;
+  };
+
+  Iterator begin() const { return {0, descriptor}; }
+  Iterator end() const { return {descriptor->field_count(), descriptor}; }
+
+  const T* descriptor;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+FieldRangeImpl<T> FieldRange(const T* desc) {
+  return {desc};
+}
+
+struct OneOfRangeImpl {
+  struct Iterator {
+    using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
+    using value_type = const OneofDescriptor*;
+    using difference_type = int;
+
+    value_type operator*() { return descriptor->oneof_decl(idx); }
+
+    friend bool operator==(const Iterator& a, const Iterator& b) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(a.descriptor == b.descriptor);
+      return a.idx == b.idx;
+    }
+    friend bool operator!=(const Iterator& a, const Iterator& b) {
+      return !(a == b);
+    }
+
+    Iterator& operator++() {
+      idx++;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    int idx;
+    const Descriptor* descriptor;
+  };
+
+  Iterator begin() const { return {0, descriptor}; }
+  Iterator end() const { return {descriptor->oneof_decl_count(), descriptor}; }
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor;
+};
+
+inline OneOfRangeImpl OneOfRange(const Descriptor* desc) { return {desc}; }
+
+void GenerateParserLoop(const Descriptor* descriptor, int num_hasbits,
+                        const Options& options,
+                        MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer, io::Printer* printer);
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_HELPERS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bea315e95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+bool IsProto3Field(const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor) {
+  const FileDescriptor* file_descriptor = field_descriptor->file();
+  return file_descriptor->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+}
+
+void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                         std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables,
+                         const Options& options) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, variables, options);
+  (*variables)["type"] = ClassName(descriptor->message_type(), false);
+  (*variables)["full_name"] = descriptor->full_name();
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* key =
+      descriptor->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* val =
+      descriptor->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  (*variables)["key_cpp"] = PrimitiveTypeName(options, key->cpp_type());
+  switch (val->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      (*variables)["val_cpp"] = FieldMessageTypeName(val, options);
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      (*variables)["val_cpp"] = ClassName(val->enum_type(), true);
+      break;
+    default:
+      (*variables)["val_cpp"] = PrimitiveTypeName(options, val->cpp_type());
+  }
+  (*variables)["key_wire_type"] =
+      "TYPE_" + ToUpper(DeclaredTypeMethodName(key->type()));
+  (*variables)["val_wire_type"] =
+      "TYPE_" + ToUpper(DeclaredTypeMethodName(val->type()));
+  (*variables)["map_classname"] = ClassName(descriptor->message_type(), false);
+  (*variables)["number"] = StrCat(descriptor->number());
+  (*variables)["tag"] = StrCat(internal::WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor));
+
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->file(), options)) {
+    (*variables)["lite"] = "";
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["lite"] = "Lite";
+  }
+
+  if (!IsProto3Field(descriptor) && val->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* default_value = val->default_value_enum();
+    (*variables)["default_enum_value"] = Int32ToString(default_value->number());
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["default_enum_value"] = "0";
+  }
+}
+
+MapFieldGenerator::MapFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                     const Options& options)
+    : FieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, &variables_, options);
+}
+
+MapFieldGenerator::~MapFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "::$proto_ns$::internal::MapField$lite$<\n"
+      "    $map_classname$,\n"
+      "    $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$,\n"
+      "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::$key_wire_type$,\n"
+      "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::$val_wire_type$,\n"
+      "    $default_enum_value$ > $name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateAccessorDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "private:\n"
+      "const ::$proto_ns$::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >&\n"
+      "    ${1$_internal_$name$$}$() const;\n"
+      "::$proto_ns$::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >*\n"
+      "    ${1$_internal_mutable_$name$$}$();\n"
+      "public:\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$const ::$proto_ns$::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >&\n"
+      "    ${1$$name$$}$() const;\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$::$proto_ns$::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >*\n"
+      "    ${1$mutable_$name$$}$();\n",
+      descriptor_);
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "inline const ::$proto_ns$::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >&\n"
+      "$classname$::_internal_$name$() const {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.GetMap();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline const ::$proto_ns$::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >&\n"
+      "$classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_map:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline ::$proto_ns$::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >*\n"
+      "$classname$::_internal_mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.MutableMap();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline ::$proto_ns$::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >*\n"
+      "$classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_map:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_mutable_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.Clear();\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.MergeFrom(from.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.Swap(&other->$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateCopyConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  GenerateConstructorCode(printer);
+  GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+}
+
+static void GenerateSerializationLoop(const Formatter& format, bool string_key,
+                                      bool string_value,
+                                      bool is_deterministic) {
+  std::string ptr;
+  if (is_deterministic) {
+    format("for (size_type i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n");
+    ptr = string_key ? "items[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(i)]"
+                     : "items[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(i)].second";
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "for (::$proto_ns$::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >::const_iterator\n"
+        "    it = this->_internal_$name$().begin();\n"
+        "    it != this->_internal_$name$().end(); ++it) {\n");
+    ptr = "it";
+  }
+  format.Indent();
+
+  format(
+      "target = $map_classname$::Funcs::InternalSerialize($number$, "
+      "$1$->first, $1$->second, target, stream);\n",
+      ptr);
+
+  if (string_key || string_value) {
+    // ptr is either an actual pointer or an iterator, either way we can
+    // create a pointer by taking the address after de-referencing it.
+    format("Utf8Check::Check(&(*$1$));\n", ptr);
+  }
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("if (!this->_internal_$name$().empty()) {\n");
+  format.Indent();
+  const FieldDescriptor* key_field =
+      descriptor_->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_field =
+      descriptor_->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  const bool string_key = key_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING;
+  const bool string_value = value_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING;
+
+  format(
+      "typedef ::$proto_ns$::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >::const_pointer\n"
+      "    ConstPtr;\n");
+  if (string_key) {
+    format(
+        "typedef ConstPtr SortItem;\n"
+        "typedef ::$proto_ns$::internal::"
+        "CompareByDerefFirst<SortItem> Less;\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "typedef ::$proto_ns$::internal::SortItem< $key_cpp$, ConstPtr > "
+        "SortItem;\n"
+        "typedef ::$proto_ns$::internal::CompareByFirstField<SortItem> "
+        "Less;\n");
+  }
+  bool utf8_check = string_key || string_value;
+  if (utf8_check) {
+    format(
+        "struct Utf8Check {\n"
+        "  static void Check(ConstPtr p) {\n");
+    format.Indent();
+    format.Indent();
+    if (string_key) {
+      GenerateUtf8CheckCodeForString(
+          key_field, options_, false,
+          "p->first.data(), static_cast<int>(p->first.length()),\n", format);
+    }
+    if (string_value) {
+      GenerateUtf8CheckCodeForString(
+          value_field, options_, false,
+          "p->second.data(), static_cast<int>(p->second.length()),\n", format);
+    }
+    format.Outdent();
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        "  }\n"
+        "};\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "\n"
+      "if (stream->IsSerializationDeterministic() &&\n"
+      "    this->_internal_$name$().size() > 1) {\n"
+      "  ::std::unique_ptr<SortItem[]> items(\n"
+      "      new SortItem[this->_internal_$name$().size()]);\n"
+      "  typedef ::$proto_ns$::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >::size_type "
+      "size_type;\n"
+      "  size_type n = 0;\n"
+      "  for (::$proto_ns$::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >::const_iterator\n"
+      "      it = this->_internal_$name$().begin();\n"
+      "      it != this->_internal_$name$().end(); ++it, ++n) {\n"
+      "    items[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(n)] = SortItem(&*it);\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  ::std::sort(&items[0], &items[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(n)], Less());\n");
+  format.Indent();
+  GenerateSerializationLoop(format, string_key, string_value, true);
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("} else {\n");
+  format.Indent();
+  GenerateSerializationLoop(format, string_key, string_value, false);
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "total_size += $tag_size$ *\n"
+      "    "
+      "::$proto_ns$::internal::FromIntSize(this->_internal_$name$_size());\n"
+      "for (::$proto_ns$::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >::const_iterator\n"
+      "    it = this->_internal_$name$().begin();\n"
+      "    it != this->_internal_$name$().end(); ++it) {\n"
+      "  total_size += $map_classname$::Funcs::ByteSizeLong(it->first, "
+      "it->second);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0c14f3ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_MAP_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_MAP_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+class MapFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  MapFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options);
+  ~MapFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const {}
+  void GenerateCopyConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MapFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_MAP_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b88c1f7e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,4133 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_padding_optimizer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+namespace {
+
+void PrintPresenceCheck(const Formatter& format, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                        const std::vector<int>& has_bit_indices,
+                        io::Printer* printer, int* cached_has_bit_index) {
+  if (!field->options().weak()) {
+    int has_bit_index = has_bit_indices[field->index()];
+    if (*cached_has_bit_index != (has_bit_index / 32)) {
+      *cached_has_bit_index = (has_bit_index / 32);
+      format("cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[$1$];\n", *cached_has_bit_index);
+    }
+    const std::string mask =
+        StrCat(strings::Hex(1u << (has_bit_index % 32), strings::ZERO_PAD_8));
+    format("if (cached_has_bits & 0x$1$u) {\n", mask);
+  } else {
+    format("if (has_$1$()) {\n", FieldName(field));
+  }
+  format.Indent();
+}
+
+struct FieldOrderingByNumber {
+  inline bool operator()(const FieldDescriptor* a,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* b) const {
+    return a->number() < b->number();
+  }
+};
+
+// Sort the fields of the given Descriptor by number into a new[]'d array
+// and return it.
+std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> SortFieldsByNumber(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields(descriptor->field_count());
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    fields[i] = descriptor->field(i);
+  }
+  std::sort(fields.begin(), fields.end(), FieldOrderingByNumber());
+  return fields;
+}
+
+// Functor for sorting extension ranges by their "start" field number.
+struct ExtensionRangeSorter {
+  bool operator()(const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* left,
+                  const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* right) const {
+    return left->start < right->start;
+  }
+};
+
+bool IsPOD(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->is_repeated() || field->is_extension()) return false;
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return true;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      return false;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// Helper for the code that emits the SharedCtor() method.
+bool CanConstructByZeroing(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                           const Options& options) {
+  bool ret = CanInitializeByZeroing(field);
+
+  // Non-repeated, non-lazy message fields are simply raw pointers, so we can
+  // use memset to initialize these in SharedCtor.  We cannot use this in
+  // Clear, as we need to potentially delete the existing value.
+  ret = ret || (!field->is_repeated() && !IsLazy(field, options) &&
+                field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// Emits an if-statement with a condition that evaluates to true if |field| is
+// considered non-default (will be sent over the wire), for message types
+// without true field presence. Should only be called if
+// !HasFieldPresence(message_descriptor).
+bool EmitFieldNonDefaultCondition(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  const std::string& prefix,
+                                  const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  Formatter format(printer);
+  format.Set("prefix", prefix);
+  format.Set("name", FieldName(field));
+  // Merge and serialize semantics: primitive fields are merged/serialized only
+  // if non-zero (numeric) or non-empty (string).
+  if (!field->is_repeated() && !field->containing_oneof()) {
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING) {
+      format("if ($prefix$$name$().size() > 0) {\n");
+    } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      // Message fields still have has_$name$() methods.
+      format("if ($prefix$has_$name$()) {\n");
+    } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE ||
+               field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT) {
+      // Handle float comparison to prevent -Wfloat-equal warnings
+      format("if (!($prefix$$name$() <= 0 && $prefix$$name$() >= 0)) {\n");
+    } else {
+      format("if ($prefix$$name$() != 0) {\n");
+    }
+    format.Indent();
+    return true;
+  } else if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+    format("if (_internal_has_$name$()) {\n");
+    format.Indent();
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Does the given field have a has_$name$() method?
+bool HasHasMethod(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (HasFieldPresence(field->file())) {
+    // In proto1/proto2, every field has a has_$name$() method.
+    return true;
+  }
+  // For message types without true field presence, only fields with a message
+  // type have a has_$name$() method.
+  return field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE;
+}
+
+// Collects map entry message type information.
+void CollectMapInfo(const Options& options, const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                    std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor));
+  std::map<std::string, std::string>& vars = *variables;
+  const FieldDescriptor* key = descriptor->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* val = descriptor->FindFieldByName("value");
+  vars["key_cpp"] = PrimitiveTypeName(options, key->cpp_type());
+  switch (val->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      vars["val_cpp"] = FieldMessageTypeName(val, options);
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      vars["val_cpp"] = ClassName(val->enum_type(), true);
+      break;
+    default:
+      vars["val_cpp"] = PrimitiveTypeName(options, val->cpp_type());
+  }
+  vars["key_wire_type"] =
+      "TYPE_" + ToUpper(DeclaredTypeMethodName(key->type()));
+  vars["val_wire_type"] =
+      "TYPE_" + ToUpper(DeclaredTypeMethodName(val->type()));
+  if (descriptor->file()->syntax() != FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3 &&
+      val->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* default_value = val->default_value_enum();
+    vars["default_enum_value"] = Int32ToString(default_value->number());
+  } else {
+    vars["default_enum_value"] = "0";
+  }
+}
+
+// Does the given field have a private (internal helper only) has_$name$()
+// method?
+bool HasPrivateHasMethod(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // Only for oneofs in message types with no field presence. has_$name$(),
+  // based on the oneof case, is still useful internally for generated code.
+  return (!HasFieldPresence(field->file()) &&
+          field->containing_oneof() != NULL);
+}
+
+// TODO(ckennelly):  Cull these exclusions if/when these protos do not have
+// their methods overriden by subclasses.
+
+bool ShouldMarkClassAsFinal(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                            const Options& options) {
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool ShouldMarkClearAsFinal(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                            const Options& options) {
+  static std::set<std::string> exclusions{
+  };
+
+  const std::string name = ClassName(descriptor, true);
+  return exclusions.find(name) == exclusions.end() ||
+         options.opensource_runtime;
+}
+
+bool ShouldMarkIsInitializedAsFinal(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                    const Options& options) {
+  static std::set<std::string> exclusions{
+  };
+
+  const std::string name = ClassName(descriptor, true);
+  return exclusions.find(name) == exclusions.end() ||
+         options.opensource_runtime;
+}
+
+bool ShouldMarkNewAsFinal(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                          const Options& options) {
+  static std::set<std::string> exclusions{
+  };
+
+  const std::string name = ClassName(descriptor, true);
+  return exclusions.find(name) == exclusions.end() ||
+         options.opensource_runtime;
+}
+
+bool TableDrivenParsingEnabled(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                               const Options& options) {
+  if (!options.table_driven_parsing) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Consider table-driven parsing.  We only do this if:
+  // - We have has_bits for fields.  This avoids a check on every field we set
+  //   when are present (the common case).
+  if (!HasFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const double table_sparseness = 0.5;
+  int max_field_number = 0;
+  for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor)) {
+    if (max_field_number < field->number()) {
+      max_field_number = field->number();
+    }
+
+    // - There are no weak fields.
+    if (IsWeak(field, options)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // - There are no lazy fields (they require the non-lite library).
+    if (IsLazy(field, options)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // - There range of field numbers is "small"
+  if (max_field_number >= (2 << 14)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // - Field numbers are relatively dense within the actual number of fields.
+  //   We check for strictly greater than in the case where there are no fields
+  //   (only extensions) so max_field_number == descriptor->field_count() == 0.
+  if (max_field_number * table_sparseness > descriptor->field_count()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // - This is not a MapEntryMessage.
+  if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void SetUnknkownFieldsVariable(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                               const Options& options,
+                               std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  std::string proto_ns = ProtobufNamespace(options);
+  if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor->file(), options)) {
+    (*variables)["unknown_fields_type"] = "::" + proto_ns + "::UnknownFieldSet";
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["unknown_fields_type"] =
+        PrimitiveTypeName(options, FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING);
+  }
+  (*variables)["have_unknown_fields"] =
+      "_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()";
+  (*variables)["unknown_fields"] = "_internal_metadata_.unknown_fields()";
+  (*variables)["mutable_unknown_fields"] =
+      "_internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields()";
+}
+
+bool IsCrossFileMapField(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (!field->is_map()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const Descriptor* d = field->message_type();
+  const FieldDescriptor* value = d->FindFieldByNumber(2);
+
+  return IsCrossFileMessage(value);
+}
+
+bool IsCrossFileMaybeMap(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (IsCrossFileMapField(field)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return IsCrossFileMessage(field);
+}
+
+bool IsRequired(const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& v) {
+  return v.front()->is_required();
+}
+
+// Allows chunking repeated fields together and non-repeated fields if the
+// fields share the same has_byte index.
+// TODO(seongkim): use lambda with capture instead of functor.
+class MatchRepeatedAndHasByte {
+ public:
+  MatchRepeatedAndHasByte(const std::vector<int>* has_bit_indices,
+                          bool has_field_presence)
+      : has_bit_indices_(*has_bit_indices),
+        has_field_presence_(has_field_presence) {}
+
+  // Returns true if the following conditions are met:
+  // --both fields are repeated fields
+  // --both fields are non-repeated fields with either has_field_presence is
+  //   false or have the same has_byte index.
+  bool operator()(const FieldDescriptor* a, const FieldDescriptor* b) const {
+    return a->is_repeated() == b->is_repeated() &&
+           (!has_field_presence_ || a->is_repeated() ||
+            has_bit_indices_[a->index()] / 8 ==
+                has_bit_indices_[b->index()] / 8);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const std::vector<int>& has_bit_indices_;
+  const bool has_field_presence_;
+};
+
+// Allows chunking required fields separately after chunking with
+// MatchRepeatedAndHasByte.
+class MatchRepeatedAndHasByteAndRequired : public MatchRepeatedAndHasByte {
+ public:
+  MatchRepeatedAndHasByteAndRequired(const std::vector<int>* has_bit_indices,
+                                     bool has_field_presence)
+      : MatchRepeatedAndHasByte(has_bit_indices, has_field_presence) {}
+
+  bool operator()(const FieldDescriptor* a, const FieldDescriptor* b) const {
+    return MatchRepeatedAndHasByte::operator()(a, b) &&
+           a->is_required() == b->is_required();
+  }
+};
+
+// Allows chunking zero-initializable fields separately after chunking with
+// MatchRepeatedAndHasByte.
+class MatchRepeatedAndHasByteAndZeroInits : public MatchRepeatedAndHasByte {
+ public:
+  MatchRepeatedAndHasByteAndZeroInits(const std::vector<int>* has_bit_indices,
+                                      bool has_field_presence)
+      : MatchRepeatedAndHasByte(has_bit_indices, has_field_presence) {}
+
+  bool operator()(const FieldDescriptor* a, const FieldDescriptor* b) const {
+    return MatchRepeatedAndHasByte::operator()(a, b) &&
+           CanInitializeByZeroing(a) == CanInitializeByZeroing(b);
+  }
+};
+
+// Collects neighboring fields based on a given criteria (equivalent predicate).
+template <typename Predicate>
+std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>> CollectFields(
+    const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields,
+    const Predicate& equivalent) {
+  std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>> chunks;
+  if (fields.empty()) {
+    return chunks;
+  }
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* last_field = fields.front();
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> chunk;
+  for (auto field : fields) {
+    if (!equivalent(last_field, field) && !chunk.empty()) {
+      chunks.push_back(chunk);
+      chunk.clear();
+    }
+    chunk.push_back(field);
+    last_field = field;
+  }
+  if (!chunk.empty()) {
+    chunks.push_back(chunk);
+  }
+  return chunks;
+}
+
+// Returns a bit mask based on has_bit index of "fields" that are typically on
+// the same chunk. It is used in a group presence check where _has_bits_ is
+// masked to tell if any thing in "fields" is present.
+uint32 GenChunkMask(const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields,
+                    const std::vector<int>& has_bit_indices) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!fields.empty());
+  int first_index_offset = has_bit_indices[fields.front()->index()] / 32;
+  uint32 chunk_mask = 0;
+  for (auto field : fields) {
+    // "index" defines where in the _has_bits_ the field appears.
+    int index = has_bit_indices[field->index()];
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(first_index_offset, index / 32);
+    chunk_mask |= static_cast<uint32>(1) << (index % 32);
+  }
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(0, chunk_mask);
+  return chunk_mask;
+}
+
+// Return the number of bits set in n, a non-negative integer.
+static int popcnt(uint32 n) {
+  int result = 0;
+  while (n != 0) {
+    result += (n & 1);
+    n = n / 2;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// For a run of cold chunks, opens and closes an external if statement that
+// checks multiple has_bits words to skip bulk of cold fields.
+class ColdChunkSkipper {
+ public:
+  ColdChunkSkipper(
+      const Options& options,
+      const std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>>& chunks,
+      const std::vector<int>& has_bit_indices, const double cold_threshold,
+      bool has_field_presence)
+      : chunks_(chunks),
+        has_bit_indices_(has_bit_indices),
+        access_info_map_(options.access_info_map),
+        cold_threshold_(cold_threshold),
+        has_field_presence_(has_field_presence) {
+    SetCommonVars(options, &variables_);
+  }
+
+  // May open an external if check for a batch of cold fields. "from" is the
+  // prefix to _has_bits_ to allow MergeFrom to use "from._has_bits_".
+  // Otherwise, it should be "".
+  void OnStartChunk(int chunk, int cached_has_bit_index,
+                    const std::string& from, io::Printer* printer);
+  bool OnEndChunk(int chunk, io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  bool IsColdChunk(int chunk);
+
+  int HasbitWord(int chunk, int offset) {
+    return has_bit_indices_[chunks_[chunk][offset]->index()] / 32;
+  }
+
+  const std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>>& chunks_;
+  const std::vector<int>& has_bit_indices_;
+  const AccessInfoMap* access_info_map_;
+  const double cold_threshold_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  int limit_chunk_ = -1;
+  bool has_field_presence_;
+};
+
+// Tuning parameters for ColdChunkSkipper.
+const double kColdRatio = 0.005;
+
+bool ColdChunkSkipper::IsColdChunk(int chunk) {
+  // Mark this variable as used until it is actually used
+  (void)cold_threshold_;
+  return false;
+}
+
+
+void ColdChunkSkipper::OnStartChunk(int chunk, int cached_has_bit_index,
+                                    const std::string& from,
+                                    io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (!access_info_map_ || !has_field_presence_) {
+    return;
+  } else if (chunk < limit_chunk_) {
+    // We are already inside a run of cold chunks.
+    return;
+  } else if (!IsColdChunk(chunk)) {
+    // We can't start a run of cold chunks.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Find the end of consecutive cold chunks.
+  limit_chunk_ = chunk;
+  while (limit_chunk_ < chunks_.size() && IsColdChunk(limit_chunk_)) {
+    limit_chunk_++;
+  }
+
+  if (limit_chunk_ <= chunk + 1) {
+    // Require at least two chunks to emit external has_bit checks.
+    limit_chunk_ = -1;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Emit has_bit check for each has_bit_dword index.
+  format("if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(");
+  int first_word = HasbitWord(chunk, 0);
+  while (chunk < limit_chunk_) {
+    uint32 mask = 0;
+    int this_word = HasbitWord(chunk, 0);
+    // Generate mask for chunks on the same word.
+    for (; chunk < limit_chunk_ && HasbitWord(chunk, 0) == this_word; chunk++) {
+      for (auto field : chunks_[chunk]) {
+        int hasbit_index = has_bit_indices_[field->index()];
+        // Fields on a chunk must be in the same word.
+        GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(this_word, hasbit_index / 32);
+        mask |= 1 << (hasbit_index % 32);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this_word != first_word) {
+      format(" ||\n    ");
+    }
+    format.Set("mask", strings::Hex(mask, strings::ZERO_PAD_8));
+    if (this_word == cached_has_bit_index) {
+      format("(cached_has_bits & 0x$mask$u) != 0");
+    } else {
+      format("($1$_has_bits_[$2$] & 0x$mask$u) != 0", from, this_word);
+    }
+  }
+  format(")) {\n");
+  format.Indent();
+}
+
+bool ColdChunkSkipper::OnEndChunk(int chunk, io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (chunk != limit_chunk_ - 1) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+MessageGenerator::MessageGenerator(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor,
+    const std::map<std::string, std::string>& vars, int index_in_file_messages,
+    const Options& options, MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      index_in_file_messages_(index_in_file_messages),
+      classname_(ClassName(descriptor, false)),
+      options_(options),
+      field_generators_(descriptor, options, scc_analyzer),
+      max_has_bit_index_(0),
+      num_weak_fields_(0),
+      scc_analyzer_(scc_analyzer),
+      variables_(vars) {
+  if (!message_layout_helper_) {
+    message_layout_helper_.reset(new PaddingOptimizer());
+  }
+
+  // Variables that apply to this class
+  variables_["classname"] = classname_;
+  variables_["classtype"] = QualifiedClassName(descriptor_, options);
+  variables_["scc_info"] =
+      SccInfoSymbol(scc_analyzer_->GetSCC(descriptor_), options_);
+  variables_["full_name"] = descriptor_->full_name();
+  variables_["superclass"] = SuperClassName(descriptor_, options_);
+
+  // Compute optimized field order to be used for layout and initialization
+  // purposes.
+  for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor_)) {
+    if (IsWeak(field, options_)) {
+      num_weak_fields_++;
+    } else if (!field->containing_oneof()) {
+      optimized_order_.push_back(field);
+    }
+  }
+
+  message_layout_helper_->OptimizeLayout(&optimized_order_, options_);
+
+  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // We use -1 as a sentinel.
+    has_bit_indices_.resize(descriptor_->field_count(), -1);
+    for (auto field : optimized_order_) {
+      // Skip fields that do not have has bits.
+      if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      has_bit_indices_[field->index()] = max_has_bit_index_++;
+    }
+    field_generators_.SetHasBitIndices(has_bit_indices_);
+  }
+
+  num_required_fields_ = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (descriptor->field(i)->is_required()) {
+      ++num_required_fields_;
+    }
+  }
+
+  table_driven_ = TableDrivenParsingEnabled(descriptor_, options_);
+}
+
+MessageGenerator::~MessageGenerator() = default;
+
+size_t MessageGenerator::HasBitsSize() const {
+  size_t sizeof_has_bits = (max_has_bit_index_ + 31) / 32 * 4;
+  if (sizeof_has_bits == 0) {
+    // Zero-size arrays aren't technically allowed, and MSVC in particular
+    // doesn't like them.  We still need to declare these arrays to make
+    // other code compile.  Since this is an uncommon case, we'll just declare
+    // them with size 1 and waste some space.  Oh well.
+    sizeof_has_bits = 4;
+  }
+
+  return sizeof_has_bits;
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::AddGenerators(
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<EnumGenerator>>* enum_generators,
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExtensionGenerator>>* extension_generators) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    enum_generators->emplace_back(
+        new EnumGenerator(descriptor_->enum_type(i), variables_, options_));
+    enum_generators_.push_back(enum_generators->back().get());
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension_generators->emplace_back(
+        new ExtensionGenerator(descriptor_->extension(i), options_));
+    extension_generators_.push_back(extension_generators->back().get());
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateFieldAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // optimized_fields_ does not contain fields where
+  //    field->containing_oneof() != NULL
+  // so we need to iterate over those as well.
+  //
+  // We place the non-oneof fields in optimized_order_, as that controls the
+  // order of the _has_bits_ entries and we want GDB's pretty printers to be
+  // able to infer these indices from the k[FIELDNAME]FieldNumber order.
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> ordered_fields;
+  ordered_fields.reserve(descriptor_->field_count());
+
+  ordered_fields.insert(ordered_fields.begin(), optimized_order_.begin(),
+                        optimized_order_.end());
+  for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor_)) {
+    if (field->containing_oneof() == NULL && !field->options().weak()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    ordered_fields.push_back(field);
+  }
+
+  if (!ordered_fields.empty()) {
+    format("enum : int {\n");
+    for (auto field : ordered_fields) {
+      Formatter::SaveState save(&format);
+
+      std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+      SetCommonFieldVariables(field, &vars, options_);
+      format.AddMap(vars);
+      format("  ${1$$2$$}$ = $number$,\n", field, FieldConstantName(field));
+    }
+    format("};\n");
+  }
+  for (auto field : ordered_fields) {
+    PrintFieldComment(format, field);
+
+    Formatter::SaveState save(&format);
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    SetCommonFieldVariables(field, &vars, options_);
+    format.AddMap(vars);
+
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      format(
+          "$deprecated_attr$int ${1$$name$_size$}$() const;\n"
+          "private:\n"
+          "int ${1$_internal_$name$_size$}$() const;\n"
+          "public:\n",
+          field);
+    } else if (HasHasMethod(field)) {
+      format(
+          "$deprecated_attr$bool ${1$has_$name$$}$() const;\n"
+          "private:\n"
+          "bool _internal_has_$name$() const;\n"
+          "public:\n",
+          field);
+    } else if (HasPrivateHasMethod(field)) {
+      format(
+          "private:\n"
+          "bool ${1$_internal_has_$name$$}$() const;\n"
+          "public:\n",
+          field);
+    }
+
+    format("$deprecated_attr$void ${1$clear_$name$$}$();\n", field);
+
+    // Generate type-specific accessor declarations.
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateAccessorDeclarations(printer);
+
+    format("\n");
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    // Generate accessors for extensions.  We just call a macro located in
+    // extension_set.h since the accessors about 80 lines of static code.
+    format("$GOOGLE_PROTOBUF$_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS($classname$)\n");
+    // Generate MessageSet specific APIs for proto2 MessageSet.
+    // For testing purposes we don't check for bridge.MessageSet, so
+    // we don't use IsProto2MessageSet
+    if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format() &&
+        !options_.opensource_runtime && !options_.lite_implicit_weak_fields) {
+      // Special-case MessageSet
+      format("GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_MESSAGE_SET_ACCESSORS($classname$)\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+    Formatter::SaveState saver(&format);
+    format.Set("oneof_name", oneof->name());
+    format.Set("camel_oneof_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(oneof->name(), true));
+    format(
+        "void ${1$clear_$oneof_name$$}$();\n"
+        "$camel_oneof_name$Case $oneof_name$_case() const;\n",
+        oneof);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateSingularFieldHasBits(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, Formatter format) {
+  if (field->options().weak()) {
+    format(
+        "inline bool $classname$::has_$name$() const {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  return _weak_field_map_.Has($number$);\n"
+        "}\n");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // N.B.: without field presence, we do not use has-bits or generate
+    // has_$name$() methods.
+    int has_bit_index = has_bit_indices_[field->index()];
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(has_bit_index, 0);
+
+    format.Set("has_array_index", has_bit_index / 32);
+    format.Set("has_mask",
+               strings::Hex(1u << (has_bit_index % 32), strings::ZERO_PAD_8));
+    format(
+        "inline bool $classname$::_internal_has_$name$() const {\n"
+        "  bool value = "
+        "(_has_bits_[$has_array_index$] & 0x$has_mask$u) != 0;\n");
+
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        !IsLazy(field, options_)) {
+      // We maintain the invariant that for a submessage x, has_x() returning
+      // true implies that x_ is not null. By giving this information to the
+      // compiler, we allow it to eliminate unnecessary null checks later on.
+      format("  PROTOBUF_ASSUME(!value || $name$_ != nullptr);\n");
+    }
+
+    format(
+        "  return value;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline bool $classname$::has_$name$() const {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  return _internal_has_$name$();\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    // Message fields have a has_$name$() method.
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      if (IsLazy(field, options_)) {
+        format(
+            "inline bool $classname$::_internal_has_$name$() const {\n"
+            "  return !$name$_.IsCleared();\n"
+            "}\n");
+      } else {
+        format(
+            "inline bool $classname$::_internal_has_$name$() const {\n"
+            "  return this != internal_default_instance() "
+            "&& $name$_ != nullptr;\n"
+            "}\n");
+      }
+      format(
+          "inline bool $classname$::has_$name$() const {\n"
+          "$annotate_accessor$"
+          "  return _internal_has_$name$();\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateOneofHasBits(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+    format.Set("oneof_name", oneof->name());
+    format.Set("oneof_index", oneof->index());
+    format.Set("cap_oneof_name", ToUpper(oneof->name()));
+    format(
+        "inline bool $classname$::has_$oneof_name$() const {\n"
+        "  return $oneof_name$_case() != $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::clear_has_$oneof_name$() {\n"
+        "  _oneof_case_[$oneof_index$] = $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET;\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateOneofMemberHasBits(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                                  const Formatter& format) {
+  // Singular field in a oneof
+  // N.B.: Without field presence, we do not use has-bits or generate
+  // has_$name$() methods, but oneofs still have set_has_$name$().
+  // Oneofs also have has_$name$() but only as a private helper
+  // method, so that generated code is slightly cleaner (vs.  comparing
+  // _oneof_case_[index] against a constant everywhere).
+  //
+  // If has_$name$() is private, there is no need to add an internal accessor.
+  // Only annotate public accessors.
+  if (HasHasMethod(field)) {
+    format(
+        "inline bool $classname$::_internal_has_$name$() const {\n"
+        "  return $oneof_name$_case() == k$field_name$;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline bool $classname$::has_$name$() const {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  return _internal_has_$name$();\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else if (HasPrivateHasMethod(field)) {
+    format(
+        "inline bool $classname$::_internal_has_$name$() const {\n"
+        "  return $oneof_name$_case() == k$field_name$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+  // set_has_$name$() for oneof fields is always private; hence should not be
+  // annotated.
+  format(
+      "inline void $classname$::set_has_$name$() {\n"
+      "  _oneof_case_[$oneof_index$] = k$field_name$;\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateFieldClear(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                          bool is_inline, Formatter format) {
+  // Generate clear_$name$().
+  if (is_inline) {
+    format("inline ");
+  }
+  format(
+      "void $classname$::clear_$name$() {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$");
+
+  format.Indent();
+
+  if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+    // Clear this field only if it is the active field in this oneof,
+    // otherwise ignore
+    format("if (_internal_has_$name$()) {\n");
+    format.Indent();
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateClearingCode(format.printer());
+    format("clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n");
+    format.Outdent();
+    format("}\n");
+  } else {
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateClearingCode(format.printer());
+    if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+      if (!field->is_repeated() && !field->options().weak()) {
+        int has_bit_index = has_bit_indices_[field->index()];
+        GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(has_bit_index, 0);
+
+        format.Set("has_array_index", has_bit_index / 32);
+        format.Set("has_mask",
+                   strings::Hex(1u << (has_bit_index % 32), strings::ZERO_PAD_8));
+        format("_has_bits_[$has_array_index$] &= ~0x$has_mask$u;\n");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateFieldAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("// $classname$\n\n");
+
+  for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor_)) {
+    PrintFieldComment(format, field);
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    SetCommonFieldVariables(field, &vars, options_);
+
+    Formatter::SaveState saver(&format);
+    format.AddMap(vars);
+
+    // Generate has_$name$() or $name$_size().
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      format(
+          "inline int $classname$::_internal_$name$_size() const {\n"
+          "  return $name$_$1$.size();\n"
+          "}\n"
+          "inline int $classname$::$name$_size() const {\n"
+          "$annotate_accessor$"
+          "  return _internal_$name$_size();\n"
+          "}\n",
+          IsImplicitWeakField(field, options_, scc_analyzer_) &&
+                  field->message_type()
+              ? ".weak"
+              : "");
+    } else if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      format.Set("field_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true));
+      format.Set("oneof_name", field->containing_oneof()->name());
+      format.Set("oneof_index",
+                 StrCat(field->containing_oneof()->index()));
+      GenerateOneofMemberHasBits(field, format);
+    } else {
+      // Singular field.
+      GenerateSingularFieldHasBits(field, format);
+    }
+
+    if (!IsCrossFileMaybeMap(field)) {
+      GenerateFieldClear(field, true, format);
+    }
+
+    // Generate type-specific accessors.
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(printer);
+
+    format("\n");
+  }
+
+  // Generate has_$name$() and clear_has_$name$() functions for oneofs.
+  GenerateOneofHasBits(printer);
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format.Set("class_final",
+             ShouldMarkClassAsFinal(descriptor_, options_) ? "final" : "");
+
+  if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    CollectMapInfo(options_, descriptor_, &vars);
+    vars["lite"] =
+        HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_) ? "" : "Lite";
+    format.AddMap(vars);
+    format(
+        "class $classname$ : public "
+        "::$proto_ns$::internal::MapEntry$lite$<$classname$, \n"
+        "    $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$,\n"
+        "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::$key_wire_type$,\n"
+        "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::$val_wire_type$,\n"
+        "    $default_enum_value$ > {\n"
+        "public:\n"
+        "  typedef ::$proto_ns$::internal::MapEntry$lite$<$classname$, \n"
+        "    $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$,\n"
+        "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::$key_wire_type$,\n"
+        "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::$val_wire_type$,\n"
+        "    $default_enum_value$ > SuperType;\n"
+        "  $classname$();\n"
+        "  $classname$(::$proto_ns$::Arena* arena);\n"
+        "  void MergeFrom(const $classname$& other);\n"
+        "  static const $classname$* internal_default_instance() { return "
+        "reinterpret_cast<const "
+        "$classname$*>(&_$classname$_default_instance_); }\n");
+    auto utf8_check = GetUtf8CheckMode(descriptor_->field(0), options_);
+    if (descriptor_->field(0)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING &&
+        utf8_check != NONE) {
+      if (utf8_check == STRICT) {
+        format(
+            "  static bool ValidateKey(std::string* s) {\n"
+            "    return ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::"
+            "VerifyUtf8String(s->data(), static_cast<int>(s->size()), "
+            "::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::PARSE, \"$1$\");\n"
+            " }\n",
+            descriptor_->field(0)->full_name());
+      } else {
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(utf8_check == VERIFY);
+        format(
+            "  static bool ValidateKey(std::string* s) {\n"
+            "#ifndef NDEBUG\n"
+            "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(\n"
+            "       s->data(), static_cast<int>(s->size()), "
+            "::$proto_ns$::internal::"
+            "WireFormatLite::PARSE, \"$1$\");\n"
+            "#endif\n"
+            "    return true;\n"
+            " }\n",
+            descriptor_->field(0)->full_name());
+      }
+    } else {
+      format("  static bool ValidateKey(void*) { return true; }\n");
+    }
+    if (descriptor_->field(1)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING &&
+        utf8_check != NONE) {
+      if (utf8_check == STRICT) {
+        format(
+            "  static bool ValidateValue(std::string* s) {\n"
+            "    return ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::"
+            "VerifyUtf8String(s->data(), static_cast<int>(s->size()), "
+            "::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::PARSE, \"$1$\");\n"
+            " }\n",
+            descriptor_->field(1)->full_name());
+      } else {
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(utf8_check = VERIFY);
+        format(
+            "  static bool ValidateValue(std::string* s) {\n"
+            "#ifndef NDEBUG\n"
+            "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(\n"
+            "       s->data(), static_cast<int>(s->size()), "
+            "::$proto_ns$::internal::"
+            "WireFormatLite::PARSE, \"$1$\");\n"
+            "#endif\n"
+            "    return true;\n"
+            " }\n",
+            descriptor_->field(1)->full_name());
+      }
+    } else {
+      format("  static bool ValidateValue(void*) { return true; }\n");
+    }
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+      format(
+          "  void MergeFrom(const ::$proto_ns$::Message& other) final;\n"
+          "  ::$proto_ns$::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;\n"
+          "  private:\n"
+          "  static ::$proto_ns$::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {\n"
+          "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::$desc_table$);\n"
+          "    return ::$desc_table$.file_level_metadata[$1$];\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "\n"
+          "  public:\n"
+          "};\n",
+          index_in_file_messages_);
+    } else {
+      format("};\n");
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "class $dllexport_decl $${1$$classname$$}$$ class_final$ :\n"
+      "    public $superclass$ /* @@protoc_insertion_point("
+      "class_definition:$full_name$) */ {\n",
+      descriptor_);
+  format(" public:\n");
+  format.Indent();
+
+  format(
+      "$classname$();\n"
+      "virtual ~$classname$();\n"
+      "\n"
+      "$classname$(const $classname$& from);\n"
+      "$classname$($classname$&& from) noexcept\n"
+      "  : $classname$() {\n"
+      "  *this = ::std::move(from);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "inline $classname$& operator=(const $classname$& from) {\n"
+      "  CopyFrom(from);\n"
+      "  return *this;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline $classname$& operator=($classname$&& from) noexcept {\n"
+      "  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {\n"
+      "    if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    CopyFrom(from);\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return *this;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  if (options_.table_driven_serialization) {
+    format(
+        "private:\n"
+        "const void* InternalGetTable() const;\n"
+        "public:\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+  SetUnknkownFieldsVariable(descriptor_, options_, &vars);
+  format.AddMap(vars);
+  if (PublicUnknownFieldsAccessors(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "inline const $unknown_fields_type$& unknown_fields() const {\n"
+        "  return $unknown_fields$;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline $unknown_fields_type$* mutable_unknown_fields() {\n"
+        "  return $mutable_unknown_fields$;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  // N.B.: We exclude GetArena() when arena support is disabled, falling back on
+  // MessageLite's implementation which returns NULL rather than generating our
+  // own method which returns NULL, in order to reduce code size.
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    // virtual method version of GetArenaNoVirtual(), required for generic
+    // dispatch given a MessageLite* (e.g., in RepeatedField::AddAllocated()).
+    format(
+        "inline ::$proto_ns$::Arena* GetArena() const final {\n"
+        "  return GetArenaNoVirtual();\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {\n"
+        "  return MaybeArenaPtr();\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+
+  // Only generate this member if it's not disabled.
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_) &&
+      !descriptor_->options().no_standard_descriptor_accessor()) {
+    format(
+        "static const ::$proto_ns$::Descriptor* descriptor() {\n"
+        "  return GetDescriptor();\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    // These shadow non-static methods of the same names in Message.  We
+    // redefine them here because calls directly on the generated class can be
+    // statically analyzed -- we know what descriptor types are being requested.
+    // It also avoids a vtable dispatch.
+    //
+    // We would eventually like to eliminate the methods in Message, and having
+    // this separate also lets us track calls to the base class methods
+    // separately.
+    format(
+        "static const ::$proto_ns$::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {\n"
+        "  return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "static const ::$proto_ns$::Reflection* GetReflection() {\n"
+        "  return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "static const $classname$& default_instance();\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  // Generate enum values for every field in oneofs. One list is generated for
+  // each oneof with an additional *_NOT_SET value.
+  for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+    format("enum $1$Case {\n", UnderscoresToCamelCase(oneof->name(), true));
+    format.Indent();
+    for (auto field : FieldRange(oneof)) {
+      std::string oneof_enum_case_field_name =
+          UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true);
+      format("k$1$ = $2$,\n", oneof_enum_case_field_name,  // 1
+             field->number());                             // 2
+    }
+    format("$1$_NOT_SET = 0,\n", ToUpper(oneof->name()));
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        "};\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  // TODO(gerbens) make this private, while still granting other protos access.
+  format(
+      "static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY\n"
+      "static inline const $classname$* internal_default_instance() {\n"
+      "  return reinterpret_cast<const $classname$*>(\n"
+      "             &_$classname$_default_instance_);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =\n"
+      "  $1$;\n"
+      "\n",
+      index_in_file_messages_);
+
+  if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor_, options_)) {
+    format(
+        "// implements Any -----------------------------------------------\n"
+        "\n");
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+      format(
+          "void PackFrom(const ::$proto_ns$::Message& message) {\n"
+          "  _any_metadata_.PackFrom(message);\n"
+          "}\n"
+          "void PackFrom(const ::$proto_ns$::Message& message,\n"
+          "              const std::string& type_url_prefix) {\n"
+          "  _any_metadata_.PackFrom(message, type_url_prefix);\n"
+          "}\n"
+          "bool UnpackTo(::$proto_ns$::Message* message) const {\n"
+          "  return _any_metadata_.UnpackTo(message);\n"
+          "}\n"
+          "static bool GetAnyFieldDescriptors(\n"
+          "    const ::$proto_ns$::Message& message,\n"
+          "    const ::$proto_ns$::FieldDescriptor** type_url_field,\n"
+          "    const ::$proto_ns$::FieldDescriptor** value_field);\n"
+          "template <typename T, class = typename std::enable_if<"
+          "!std::is_convertible<T, const ::$proto_ns$::Message&>"
+          "::value>::type>\n"
+          "void PackFrom(const T& message) {\n"
+          "  _any_metadata_.PackFrom<T>(message);\n"
+          "}\n"
+          "template <typename T, class = typename std::enable_if<"
+          "!std::is_convertible<T, const ::$proto_ns$::Message&>"
+          "::value>::type>\n"
+          "void PackFrom(const T& message,\n"
+          "              const std::string& type_url_prefix) {\n"
+          "  _any_metadata_.PackFrom<T>(message, type_url_prefix);"
+          "}\n"
+          "template <typename T, class = typename std::enable_if<"
+          "!std::is_convertible<T, const ::$proto_ns$::Message&>"
+          "::value>::type>\n"
+          "bool UnpackTo(T* message) const {\n"
+          "  return _any_metadata_.UnpackTo<T>(message);\n"
+          "}\n");
+    } else {
+      format(
+          "template <typename T>\n"
+          "void PackFrom(const T& message) {\n"
+          "  _any_metadata_.PackFrom(message);\n"
+          "}\n"
+          "template <typename T>\n"
+          "void PackFrom(const T& message,\n"
+          "              const std::string& type_url_prefix) {\n"
+          "  _any_metadata_.PackFrom(message, type_url_prefix);\n"
+          "}\n"
+          "template <typename T>\n"
+          "bool UnpackTo(T* message) const {\n"
+          "  return _any_metadata_.UnpackTo(message);\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+    format(
+        "template<typename T> bool Is() const {\n"
+        "  return _any_metadata_.Is<T>();\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "static bool ParseAnyTypeUrl(const string& type_url,\n"
+        "                            std::string* full_type_name);\n");
+  }
+
+  format.Set("new_final",
+             ShouldMarkNewAsFinal(descriptor_, options_) ? "final" : "");
+
+  format(
+      "friend void swap($classname$& a, $classname$& b) {\n"
+      "  a.Swap(&b);\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "inline void Swap($classname$* other) {\n"
+        "  if (other == this) return;\n"
+        "  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {\n"
+        "    InternalSwap(other);\n"
+        "  } else {\n"
+        "    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "void UnsafeArenaSwap($classname$* other) {\n"
+        "  if (other == this) return;\n"
+        "  $DCHK$(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+        "  InternalSwap(other);\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "inline void Swap($classname$* other) {\n"
+        "  if (other == this) return;\n"
+        "  InternalSwap(other);\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "\n"
+      "// implements Message ----------------------------------------------\n"
+      "\n"
+      "inline $classname$* New() const$ new_final$ {\n"
+      "  return CreateMaybeMessage<$classname$>(nullptr);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "$classname$* New(::$proto_ns$::Arena* arena) const$ new_final$ {\n"
+      "  return CreateMaybeMessage<$classname$>(arena);\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  // For instances that derive from Message (rather than MessageLite), some
+  // methods are virtual and should be marked as final.
+  format.Set("full_final", HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)
+                               ? "final"
+                               : "");
+
+  if (HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+      format(
+          "void CopyFrom(const ::$proto_ns$::Message& from) final;\n"
+          "void MergeFrom(const ::$proto_ns$::Message& from) final;\n");
+    } else {
+      format(
+          "void CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(const ::$proto_ns$::MessageLite& from)\n"
+          "  final;\n");
+    }
+
+    format.Set("clear_final",
+               ShouldMarkClearAsFinal(descriptor_, options_) ? "final" : "");
+    format.Set(
+        "is_initialized_final",
+        ShouldMarkIsInitializedAsFinal(descriptor_, options_) ? "final" : "");
+
+    format(
+        "void CopyFrom(const $classname$& from);\n"
+        "void MergeFrom(const $classname$& from);\n"
+        "PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear()$ clear_final$;\n"
+        "bool IsInitialized() const$ is_initialized_final$;\n"
+        "\n"
+        "size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;\n"
+        "const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, "
+        "::$proto_ns$::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;\n"
+        "$uint8$* _InternalSerialize(\n"
+        "    $uint8$* target, ::$proto_ns$::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) "
+        "const final;\n");
+
+    // DiscardUnknownFields() is implemented in message.cc using reflections. We
+    // need to implement this function in generated code for messages.
+    if (!UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+      format("void DiscardUnknownFields()$ full_final$;\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }"
+      "\n\nprivate:\n"
+      "inline void SharedCtor();\n"
+      "inline void SharedDtor();\n"
+      "void SetCachedSize(int size) const$ full_final$;\n"
+      "void InternalSwap($classname$* other);\n");
+
+  format(
+      // Friend AnyMetadata so that it can call this FullMessageName() method.
+      "friend class ::$proto_ns$::internal::AnyMetadata;\n"
+      "static $1$ FullMessageName() {\n"
+      "  return \"$full_name$\";\n"
+      "}\n",
+      options_.opensource_runtime ? "::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece"
+                                  : "::StringPiece");
+
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        // TODO(gerbens) Make this private! Currently people are deriving from
+        // protos to give access to this constructor, breaking the invariants
+        // we rely on.
+        "protected:\n"
+        "explicit $classname$(::$proto_ns$::Arena* arena);\n"
+        "private:\n"
+        "static void ArenaDtor(void* object);\n"
+        "inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::$proto_ns$::Arena* arena);\n");
+  }
+
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "private:\n"
+        "inline ::$proto_ns$::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {\n"
+        "  return _internal_metadata_.arena();\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {\n"
+        "  return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "private:\n"
+        "inline ::$proto_ns$::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {\n"
+        "  return nullptr;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {\n"
+        "  return nullptr;\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "public:\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    format(
+        "::$proto_ns$::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;\n"
+        "private:\n"
+        "static ::$proto_ns$::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {\n"
+        "  ::$proto_ns$::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::$desc_table$);\n"
+        "  return ::$desc_table$.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n"
+        "public:\n"
+        "\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "std::string GetTypeName() const final;\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "// nested types ----------------------------------------------------\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  // Import all nested message classes into this class's scope with typedefs.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    const Descriptor* nested_type = descriptor_->nested_type(i);
+    if (!IsMapEntryMessage(nested_type)) {
+      format.Set("nested_full_name", ClassName(nested_type, false));
+      format.Set("nested_name", ResolveKeyword(nested_type->name()));
+      format("typedef ${1$$nested_full_name$$}$ ${1$$nested_name$$}$;\n",
+             nested_type);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->nested_type_count() > 0) {
+    format("\n");
+  }
+
+  // Import all nested enums and their values into this class's scope with
+  // typedefs and constants.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    enum_generators_[i]->GenerateSymbolImports(printer);
+    format("\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "// accessors -------------------------------------------------------\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  // Generate accessor methods for all fields.
+  GenerateFieldAccessorDeclarations(printer);
+
+  // Declare extension identifiers.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension_generators_[i]->GenerateDeclaration(printer);
+  }
+
+
+  format("// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:$full_name$)\n");
+
+  // Generate private members.
+  format.Outdent();
+  format(" private:\n");
+  format.Indent();
+  // TODO(seongkim): Remove hack to track field access and remove this class.
+  format("class _Internal;\n");
+
+
+  for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor_)) {
+    // set_has_***() generated in all oneofs.
+    if (!field->is_repeated() && !field->options().weak() &&
+        field->containing_oneof()) {
+      format("void set_has_$1$();\n", FieldName(field));
+    }
+  }
+  format("\n");
+
+  // Generate oneof function declarations
+  for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "inline bool has_$1$() const;\n"
+        "inline void clear_has_$1$();\n\n",
+        oneof->name());
+  }
+
+  if (HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_) &&
+      !descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format() &&
+      num_required_fields_ > 1) {
+    format(
+        "// helper for ByteSizeLong()\n"
+        "size_t RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const;\n\n");
+  }
+
+  // Prepare decls for _cached_size_ and _has_bits_.  Their position in the
+  // output will be determined later.
+
+  bool need_to_emit_cached_size = true;
+  const std::string cached_size_decl =
+      "mutable ::$proto_ns$::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;\n";
+
+  const size_t sizeof_has_bits = HasBitsSize();
+  const std::string has_bits_decl =
+      sizeof_has_bits == 0
+          ? ""
+          : StrCat("::$proto_ns$::internal::HasBits<",
+                         sizeof_has_bits / 4, "> _has_bits_;\n");
+
+  // To minimize padding, data members are divided into three sections:
+  // (1) members assumed to align to 8 bytes
+  // (2) members corresponding to message fields, re-ordered to optimize
+  //     alignment.
+  // (3) members assumed to align to 4 bytes.
+
+  // Members assumed to align to 8 bytes:
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    format(
+        "::$proto_ns$::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    format(
+        "::$proto_ns$::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena "
+        "_internal_metadata_;\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "::$proto_ns$::internal::InternalMetadataWithArenaLite "
+        "_internal_metadata_;\n");
+  }
+
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "template <typename T> friend class "
+        "::$proto_ns$::Arena::InternalHelper;\n"
+        "typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;\n"
+        "typedef void DestructorSkippable_;\n");
+  }
+
+  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // _has_bits_ is frequently accessed, so to reduce code size and improve
+    // speed, it should be close to the start of the object. Placing
+    // _cached_size_ together with _has_bits_ improves cache locality despite
+    // potential alignment padding.
+    format(has_bits_decl.c_str());
+    format(cached_size_decl.c_str());
+    need_to_emit_cached_size = false;
+  }
+
+  // Field members:
+
+  // Emit some private and static members
+  for (auto field : optimized_order_) {
+    const FieldGenerator& generator = field_generators_.get(field);
+    generator.GenerateStaticMembers(printer);
+    generator.GeneratePrivateMembers(printer);
+  }
+
+  // For each oneof generate a union
+  for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+    std::string camel_oneof_name = UnderscoresToCamelCase(oneof->name(), true);
+    format(
+        "union $1$Union {\n"
+        // explicit empty constructor is needed when union contains
+        // ArenaStringPtr members for string fields.
+        "  $1$Union() {}\n",
+        camel_oneof_name);
+    format.Indent();
+    for (auto field : FieldRange(oneof)) {
+      field_generators_.get(field).GeneratePrivateMembers(printer);
+    }
+    format.Outdent();
+    format("} $1$_;\n", oneof->name());
+    for (auto field : FieldRange(oneof)) {
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateStaticMembers(printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Members assumed to align to 4 bytes:
+
+  if (need_to_emit_cached_size) {
+    format(cached_size_decl.c_str());
+    need_to_emit_cached_size = false;
+  }
+
+  // Generate _oneof_case_.
+  if (descriptor_->oneof_decl_count() > 0) {
+    format(
+        "$uint32$ _oneof_case_[$1$];\n"
+        "\n",
+        descriptor_->oneof_decl_count());
+  }
+
+  if (num_weak_fields_) {
+    format("::$proto_ns$::internal::WeakFieldMap _weak_field_map_;\n");
+  }
+  // Generate _any_metadata_ for the Any type.
+  if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor_, options_)) {
+    format("::$proto_ns$::internal::AnyMetadata _any_metadata_;\n");
+  }
+
+  // The TableStruct struct needs access to the private parts, in order to
+  // construct the offsets of all members.
+  format("friend struct ::$tablename$;\n");
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("};");
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!need_to_emit_cached_size);
+}  // NOLINT(readability/fn_size)
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateInlineMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_)) return;
+  GenerateFieldAccessorDefinitions(printer);
+
+  // Generate oneof_case() functions.
+  for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+    Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+    format.Set("camel_oneof_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(oneof->name(), true));
+    format.Set("oneof_name", oneof->name());
+    format.Set("oneof_index", oneof->index());
+    format(
+        "inline $classname$::$camel_oneof_name$Case $classname$::"
+        "${1$$oneof_name$_case$}$() const {\n"
+        "  return $classname$::$camel_oneof_name$Case("
+        "_oneof_case_[$oneof_index$]);\n"
+        "}\n",
+        oneof);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateExtraDefaultFields(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Generate oneof default instance and weak field instances for reflection
+  // usage.
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (descriptor_->oneof_decl_count() > 0 || num_weak_fields_ > 0) {
+    for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+      for (auto field : FieldRange(oneof)) {
+        if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE ||
+            (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING &&
+             EffectiveStringCType(field, options_) != FieldOptions::STRING)) {
+          format("const ");
+        }
+        field_generators_.get(field).GeneratePrivateMembers(printer);
+      }
+    }
+    for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor_)) {
+      if (field->options().weak()) {
+        format("  const ::$proto_ns$::Message* $1$_;\n", FieldName(field));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool MessageGenerator::GenerateParseTable(io::Printer* printer, size_t offset,
+                                          size_t aux_offset) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  if (!table_driven_) {
+    format("{ nullptr, nullptr, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, nullptr, false },\n");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  int max_field_number = 0;
+  for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor_)) {
+    if (max_field_number < field->number()) {
+      max_field_number = field->number();
+    }
+  }
+
+  format("{\n");
+  format.Indent();
+
+  format(
+      "$tablename$::entries + $1$,\n"
+      "$tablename$::aux + $2$,\n"
+      "$3$,\n",
+      offset, aux_offset, max_field_number);
+
+  if (!HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // If we don't have field presence, then _has_bits_ does not exist.
+    format("-1,\n");
+  } else {
+    format("PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, _has_bits_),\n");
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->oneof_decl_count() > 0) {
+    format("PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, _oneof_case_),\n");
+  } else {
+    format("-1,  // no _oneof_case_\n");
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    format("PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, _extensions_),\n");
+  } else {
+    format("-1,  // no _extensions_\n");
+  }
+
+  // TODO(ckennelly): Consolidate this with the calculation for
+  // AuxillaryParseTableField.
+  format(
+      "PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, _internal_metadata_),\n"
+      "&$package_ns$::_$classname$_default_instance_,\n");
+
+  if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    format("true,\n");
+  } else {
+    format("false,\n");
+  }
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("},\n");
+  return true;
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateSchema(io::Printer* printer, int offset,
+                                      int has_offset) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  has_offset =
+      HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) || IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_)
+          ? offset + has_offset
+          : -1;
+
+  format("{ $1$, $2$, sizeof($classtype$)},\n", offset, has_offset);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// We need to calculate for each field what function the table driven code
+// should use to serialize it. This returns the index in a lookup table.
+uint32 CalcFieldNum(const FieldGenerator& generator,
+                    const FieldDescriptor* field, const Options& options) {
+  bool is_a_map = IsMapEntryMessage(field->containing_type());
+  int type = field->type();
+  if (type == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING ||
+      type == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+    if (generator.IsInlined()) {
+      type = internal::FieldMetadata::kInlinedType;
+    }
+    // string field
+    if (IsCord(field, options)) {
+      type = internal::FieldMetadata::kCordType;
+    } else if (IsStringPiece(field, options)) {
+      type = internal::FieldMetadata::kStringPieceType;
+    }
+  }
+  if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+    return internal::FieldMetadata::CalculateType(
+        type, internal::FieldMetadata::kOneOf);
+  }
+  if (field->is_packed()) {
+    return internal::FieldMetadata::CalculateType(
+        type, internal::FieldMetadata::kPacked);
+  } else if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    return internal::FieldMetadata::CalculateType(
+        type, internal::FieldMetadata::kRepeated);
+  } else if (!HasFieldPresence(field->file()) &&
+             field->containing_oneof() == NULL && !is_a_map) {
+    return internal::FieldMetadata::CalculateType(
+        type, internal::FieldMetadata::kNoPresence);
+  } else {
+    return internal::FieldMetadata::CalculateType(
+        type, internal::FieldMetadata::kPresence);
+  }
+}
+
+int FindMessageIndexInFile(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  std::vector<const Descriptor*> flatten =
+      FlattenMessagesInFile(descriptor->file());
+  return std::find(flatten.begin(), flatten.end(), descriptor) -
+         flatten.begin();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int MessageGenerator::GenerateFieldMetadata(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (!options_.table_driven_serialization) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> sorted = SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_);
+  if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = sorted[i];
+      const FieldGenerator& generator = field_generators_.get(field);
+
+      uint32 tag = internal::WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+          field->number(), WireFormat::WireTypeForFieldType(field->type()));
+
+      std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+      vars["classtype"] = QualifiedClassName(descriptor_, options_);
+      vars["field_name"] = FieldName(field);
+      vars["tag"] = StrCat(tag);
+      vars["hasbit"] = StrCat(i);
+      vars["type"] = StrCat(CalcFieldNum(generator, field, options_));
+      vars["ptr"] = "nullptr";
+      if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(!IsMapEntryMessage(field->message_type()));
+        vars["ptr"] =
+            "::" + UniqueName("TableStruct", field->message_type(), options_) +
+            "::serialization_table + " +
+            StrCat(FindMessageIndexInFile(field->message_type()));
+      }
+      Formatter::SaveState saver(&format);
+      format.AddMap(vars);
+      format(
+          "{PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET("
+          "::$proto_ns$::internal::MapEntryHelper<$classtype$::"
+          "SuperType>, $field_name$_), $tag$,"
+          "PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET("
+          "::$proto_ns$::internal::MapEntryHelper<$classtype$::"
+          "SuperType>, _has_bits_) * 8 + $hasbit$, $type$, "
+          "$ptr$},\n");
+    }
+    return 2;
+  }
+  format(
+      "{PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, _cached_size_),"
+      " 0, 0, 0, nullptr},\n");
+  std::vector<const Descriptor::ExtensionRange*> sorted_extensions;
+  sorted_extensions.reserve(descriptor_->extension_range_count());
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_range_count(); ++i) {
+    sorted_extensions.push_back(descriptor_->extension_range(i));
+  }
+  std::sort(sorted_extensions.begin(), sorted_extensions.end(),
+            ExtensionRangeSorter());
+  for (int i = 0, extension_idx = 0; /* no range */; i++) {
+    for (; extension_idx < sorted_extensions.size() &&
+           (i == sorted.size() ||
+            sorted_extensions[extension_idx]->start < sorted[i]->number());
+         extension_idx++) {
+      const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range =
+          sorted_extensions[extension_idx];
+      format(
+          "{PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, _extensions_), "
+          "$1$, $2$, ::$proto_ns$::internal::FieldMetadata::kSpecial, "
+          "reinterpret_cast<const "
+          "void*>(::$proto_ns$::internal::ExtensionSerializer)},\n",
+          range->start, range->end);
+    }
+    if (i == sorted.size()) break;
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = sorted[i];
+
+    uint32 tag = internal::WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+        field->number(), WireFormat::WireTypeForFieldType(field->type()));
+    if (field->is_packed()) {
+      tag = internal::WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+          field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+    }
+
+    std::string classfieldname = FieldName(field);
+    if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      classfieldname = field->containing_oneof()->name();
+    }
+    format.Set("field_name", classfieldname);
+    std::string ptr = "nullptr";
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      if (IsMapEntryMessage(field->message_type())) {
+        format(
+            "{PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, $field_name$_), $1$, $2$, "
+            "::$proto_ns$::internal::FieldMetadata::kSpecial, "
+            "reinterpret_cast<const void*>(static_cast< "
+            "::$proto_ns$::internal::SpecialSerializer>("
+            "::$proto_ns$::internal::MapFieldSerializer< "
+            "::$proto_ns$::internal::MapEntryToMapField<"
+            "$3$>::MapFieldType, "
+            "$tablename$::serialization_table>))},\n",
+            tag, FindMessageIndexInFile(field->message_type()),
+            QualifiedClassName(field->message_type(), options_));
+        continue;
+      } else if (!field->message_type()->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+        // message_set doesn't have the usual table and we need to
+        // dispatch to generated serializer, hence ptr stays zero.
+        ptr =
+            "::" + UniqueName("TableStruct", field->message_type(), options_) +
+            "::serialization_table + " +
+            StrCat(FindMessageIndexInFile(field->message_type()));
+      }
+    }
+
+    const FieldGenerator& generator = field_generators_.get(field);
+    int type = CalcFieldNum(generator, field, options_);
+
+    if (IsLazy(field, options_)) {
+      type = internal::FieldMetadata::kSpecial;
+      ptr = "reinterpret_cast<const void*>(::" + variables_["proto_ns"] +
+            "::internal::LazyFieldSerializer";
+      if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+        ptr += "OneOf";
+      } else if (!HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) ||
+                 has_bit_indices_[field->index()] == -1) {
+        ptr += "NoPresence";
+      }
+      ptr += ")";
+    }
+
+    if (field->options().weak()) {
+      // TODO(gerbens) merge weak fields into ranges
+      format(
+          "{PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET("
+          "$classtype$, _weak_field_map_), $1$, $1$, "
+          "::$proto_ns$::internal::FieldMetadata::kSpecial, "
+          "reinterpret_cast<const "
+          "void*>(::$proto_ns$::internal::WeakFieldSerializer)},\n",
+          tag);
+    } else if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      format.Set("oneofoffset",
+                 sizeof(uint32) * field->containing_oneof()->index());
+      format(
+          "{PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, $field_name$_), $1$,"
+          " PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, _oneof_case_) + "
+          "$oneofoffset$, $2$, $3$},\n",
+          tag, type, ptr);
+    } else if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) &&
+               has_bit_indices_[field->index()] != -1) {
+      format.Set("hasbitsoffset", has_bit_indices_[field->index()]);
+      format(
+          "{PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, $field_name$_), "
+          "$1$, PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, _has_bits_) * 8 + "
+          "$hasbitsoffset$, $2$, $3$},\n",
+          tag, type, ptr);
+    } else {
+      format(
+          "{PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, $field_name$_), "
+          "$1$, ~0u, $2$, $3$},\n",
+          tag, type, ptr);
+    }
+  }
+  int num_field_metadata = 1 + sorted.size() + sorted_extensions.size();
+  num_field_metadata++;
+  std::string serializer = UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file(), options_)
+                               ? "UnknownFieldSetSerializer"
+                               : "UnknownFieldSerializerLite";
+  format(
+      "{PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, _internal_metadata_), 0, ~0u, "
+      "::$proto_ns$::internal::FieldMetadata::kSpecial, reinterpret_cast<const "
+      "void*>(::$proto_ns$::internal::$1$)},\n",
+      serializer);
+  return num_field_metadata;
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateFieldDefaultInstances(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Construct the default instances for all fields that need one.
+  for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor_)) {
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateDefaultInstanceAllocator(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateDefaultInstanceInitializer(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  // The default instance needs all of its embedded message pointers
+  // cross-linked to other default instances.  We can't do this initialization
+  // in the constructor because some other default instances may not have been
+  // constructed yet at that time.
+  // TODO(kenton):  Maybe all message fields (even for non-default messages)
+  //   should be initialized to point at default instances rather than NULL?
+  for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor_)) {
+    Formatter::SaveState saver(&format);
+
+    if (!field->is_repeated() && !IsLazy(field, options_) &&
+        field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        (field->containing_oneof() == NULL ||
+         HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_))) {
+      std::string name;
+      if (field->containing_oneof() || field->options().weak()) {
+        name = "_" + classname_ + "_default_instance_.";
+      } else {
+        name =
+            "_" + classname_ + "_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->";
+      }
+      name += FieldName(field);
+      format.Set("name", name);
+      if (IsWeak(field, options_)) {
+        format(
+            "$package_ns$::$name$_ = reinterpret_cast<const "
+            "::$proto_ns$::Message*>(&$1$);\n"
+            "if ($package_ns$::$name$_ == nullptr) {\n"
+            "  $package_ns$::$name$_ = "
+            "::$proto_ns$::Empty::internal_default_instance();\n"
+            "}\n",
+            QualifiedDefaultInstanceName(field->message_type(),
+                                         options_));  // 1
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (IsImplicitWeakField(field, options_, scc_analyzer_)) {
+        format(
+            "$package_ns$::$name$_ = reinterpret_cast<$1$*>(\n"
+            "    $2$);\n",
+            FieldMessageTypeName(field, options_),
+            QualifiedDefaultInstancePtr(field->message_type(), options_));
+      } else {
+        format(
+            "$package_ns$::$name$_ = const_cast< $1$*>(\n"
+            "    $1$::internal_default_instance());\n",
+            FieldMessageTypeName(field, options_));
+      }
+    } else if (field->containing_oneof() &&
+               HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateConstructorCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateClassMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "$classname$::$classname$() {}\n"
+        "$classname$::$classname$(::$proto_ns$::Arena* arena)\n"
+        "    : SuperType(arena) {}\n"
+        "void $classname$::MergeFrom(const $classname$& other) {\n"
+        "  MergeFromInternal(other);\n"
+        "}\n");
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+      format(
+          "::$proto_ns$::Metadata $classname$::GetMetadata() const {\n"
+          "  return GetMetadataStatic();\n"
+          "}\n");
+      format(
+          "void $classname$::MergeFrom(\n"
+          "    const ::$proto_ns$::Message& other) {\n"
+          "  ::$proto_ns$::Message::MergeFrom(other);\n"
+          "}\n"
+          "\n");
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // TODO(gerbens) Remove this function. With a little bit of cleanup and
+  // refactoring this is superfluous.
+  format("void $classname$::InitAsDefaultInstance() {\n");
+  format.Indent();
+  GenerateDefaultInstanceInitializer(printer);
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+
+  if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor_, options_)) {
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+      format(
+          "bool $classname$::GetAnyFieldDescriptors(\n"
+          "    const ::$proto_ns$::Message& message,\n"
+          "    const ::$proto_ns$::FieldDescriptor** type_url_field,\n"
+          "    const ::$proto_ns$::FieldDescriptor** value_field) {\n"
+          "  return ::$proto_ns$::internal::GetAnyFieldDescriptors(\n"
+          "      message, type_url_field, value_field);\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+    format(
+        "bool $classname$::ParseAnyTypeUrl(const string& type_url,\n"
+        "                                  std::string* full_type_name) {\n"
+        "  return ::$proto_ns$::internal::ParseAnyTypeUrl(type_url,\n"
+        "                                             full_type_name);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "class $classname$::_Internal {\n"
+      " public:\n");
+  format.Indent();
+  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) && HasBitsSize() != 0) {
+    format(
+        "using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<$classname$>()._has_bits_);\n");
+  }
+  for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor_)) {
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateInternalAccessorDeclarations(printer);
+    if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) && !field->is_repeated() &&
+        !field->options().weak() && !field->containing_oneof()) {
+      int has_bit_index = has_bit_indices_[field->index()];
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(has_bit_index, 0);
+      format(
+          "static void set_has_$1$(HasBits* has_bits) {\n"
+          "  (*has_bits)[$2$] |= $3$u;\n"
+          "}\n",
+          FieldName(field), has_bit_index / 32, (1u << (has_bit_index % 32)));
+    }
+  }
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("};\n\n");
+  for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor_)) {
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateInternalAccessorDefinitions(printer);
+  }
+
+  // Generate non-inline field definitions.
+  for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor_)) {
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateNonInlineAccessorDefinitions(printer);
+    if (IsCrossFileMaybeMap(field)) {
+      Formatter::SaveState saver(&format);
+      std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+      SetCommonFieldVariables(field, &vars, options_);
+      if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+        SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(field, &vars);
+      }
+      format.AddMap(vars);
+      GenerateFieldClear(field, false, format);
+    }
+  }
+
+  GenerateStructors(printer);
+  format("\n");
+
+  if (descriptor_->oneof_decl_count() > 0) {
+    GenerateOneofClear(printer);
+    format("\n");
+  }
+
+  if (HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    GenerateClear(printer);
+    format("\n");
+
+    GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(printer);
+    format("\n");
+
+    GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(printer);
+    format("\n");
+
+    GenerateByteSize(printer);
+    format("\n");
+
+    GenerateMergeFrom(printer);
+    format("\n");
+
+    GenerateCopyFrom(printer);
+    format("\n");
+
+    GenerateIsInitialized(printer);
+    format("\n");
+  }
+
+  GenerateSwap(printer);
+  format("\n");
+
+  if (options_.table_driven_serialization) {
+    format(
+        "const void* $classname$::InternalGetTable() const {\n"
+        "  return ::$tablename$::serialization_table + $1$;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n",
+        index_in_file_messages_);
+  }
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    format(
+        "::$proto_ns$::Metadata $classname$::GetMetadata() const {\n"
+        "  return GetMetadataStatic();\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "std::string $classname$::GetTypeName() const {\n"
+        "  return \"$full_name$\";\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+}
+
+size_t MessageGenerator::GenerateParseOffsets(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  if (!table_driven_) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Field "0" is special:  We use it in our switch statement of processing
+  // types to handle the successful end tag case.
+  format("{0, 0, 0, ::$proto_ns$::internal::kInvalidMask, 0, 0},\n");
+  int last_field_number = 1;
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> ordered_fields =
+      SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_);
+
+  for (auto field : ordered_fields) {
+    Formatter::SaveState saver(&format);
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(field->number(), last_field_number);
+
+    for (; last_field_number < field->number(); last_field_number++) {
+      format(
+          "{ 0, 0, ::$proto_ns$::internal::kInvalidMask,\n"
+          "  ::$proto_ns$::internal::kInvalidMask, 0, 0 },\n");
+    }
+    last_field_number++;
+
+    unsigned char normal_wiretype, packed_wiretype, processing_type;
+    normal_wiretype = WireFormat::WireTypeForFieldType(field->type());
+
+    if (field->is_packable()) {
+      packed_wiretype = WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED;
+    } else {
+      packed_wiretype = internal::kNotPackedMask;
+    }
+
+    processing_type = static_cast<unsigned>(field->type());
+    const FieldGenerator& generator = field_generators_.get(field);
+    if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING) {
+      switch (EffectiveStringCType(field, options_)) {
+        case FieldOptions::STRING:
+          if (generator.IsInlined()) {
+            processing_type = internal::TYPE_STRING_INLINED;
+            break;
+          }
+          break;
+        case FieldOptions::CORD:
+          processing_type = internal::TYPE_STRING_CORD;
+          break;
+        case FieldOptions::STRING_PIECE:
+          processing_type = internal::TYPE_STRING_STRING_PIECE;
+          break;
+      }
+    } else if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+      switch (EffectiveStringCType(field, options_)) {
+        case FieldOptions::STRING:
+          if (generator.IsInlined()) {
+            processing_type = internal::TYPE_BYTES_INLINED;
+            break;
+          }
+          break;
+        case FieldOptions::CORD:
+          processing_type = internal::TYPE_BYTES_CORD;
+          break;
+        case FieldOptions::STRING_PIECE:
+          processing_type = internal::TYPE_BYTES_STRING_PIECE;
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    processing_type |= static_cast<unsigned>(
+        field->is_repeated() ? internal::kRepeatedMask : 0);
+    processing_type |= static_cast<unsigned>(
+        field->containing_oneof() ? internal::kOneofMask : 0);
+
+    if (field->is_map()) {
+      processing_type = internal::TYPE_MAP;
+    }
+
+    const unsigned char tag_size =
+        WireFormat::TagSize(field->number(), field->type());
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    if (field->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+      vars["name"] = field->containing_oneof()->name();
+      vars["presence"] = StrCat(field->containing_oneof()->index());
+    } else {
+      vars["name"] = FieldName(field);
+      vars["presence"] = StrCat(has_bit_indices_[field->index()]);
+    }
+    vars["nwtype"] = StrCat(normal_wiretype);
+    vars["pwtype"] = StrCat(packed_wiretype);
+    vars["ptype"] = StrCat(processing_type);
+    vars["tag_size"] = StrCat(tag_size);
+
+    format.AddMap(vars);
+
+    format(
+        "{\n"
+        "  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, $name$_),\n"
+        "  static_cast<$uint32$>($presence$),\n"
+        "  $nwtype$, $pwtype$, $ptype$, $tag_size$\n"
+        "},\n");
+  }
+
+  return last_field_number;
+}
+
+size_t MessageGenerator::GenerateParseAuxTable(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  if (!table_driven_) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> ordered_fields =
+      SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_);
+
+  format("::$proto_ns$::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField(),\n");
+  int last_field_number = 1;
+  for (auto field : ordered_fields) {
+    Formatter::SaveState saver(&format);
+
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(field->number(), last_field_number);
+    for (; last_field_number < field->number(); last_field_number++) {
+      format("::$proto_ns$::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField(),\n");
+    }
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    SetCommonFieldVariables(field, &vars, options_);
+    format.AddMap(vars);
+
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+        if (HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(field)) {
+          format(
+              "{::$proto_ns$::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField::enum_aux{"
+              "nullptr}},\n");
+        } else {
+          format(
+              "{::$proto_ns$::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField::enum_aux{"
+              "$1$_IsValid}},\n",
+              ClassName(field->enum_type(), true));
+        }
+        last_field_number++;
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        if (field->is_map()) {
+          format(
+              "{::$proto_ns$::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField::map_"
+              "aux{&::$proto_ns$::internal::ParseMap<$1$>}},\n",
+              QualifiedClassName(field->message_type(), options_));
+          last_field_number++;
+          break;
+        }
+        format.Set("field_classname", ClassName(field->message_type(), false));
+        format.Set("default_instance", QualifiedDefaultInstanceName(
+                                           field->message_type(), options_));
+
+        format(
+            "{::$proto_ns$::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField::message_aux{\n"
+            "  &$default_instance$}},\n");
+        last_field_number++;
+        break;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+        std::string default_val;
+        switch (EffectiveStringCType(field, options_)) {
+          case FieldOptions::STRING:
+            default_val = field->default_value_string().empty()
+                              ? "&::" + variables_["proto_ns"] +
+                                    "::internal::fixed_address_empty_string"
+                              : "&" +
+                                    QualifiedClassName(descriptor_, options_) +
+                                    "::" + MakeDefaultName(field);
+            break;
+          case FieldOptions::CORD:
+          case FieldOptions::STRING_PIECE:
+            default_val =
+                "\"" + CEscape(field->default_value_string()) + "\"";
+            break;
+        }
+        format(
+            "{::$proto_ns$::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField::string_aux{\n"
+            "  $1$,\n"
+            "  \"$2$\"\n"
+            "}},\n",
+            default_val, field->full_name());
+        last_field_number++;
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return last_field_number;
+}
+
+std::pair<size_t, size_t> MessageGenerator::GenerateOffsets(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) || IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    format("PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, _has_bits_),\n");
+  } else {
+    format("~0u,  // no _has_bits_\n");
+  }
+  format("PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, _internal_metadata_),\n");
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    format("PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, _extensions_),\n");
+  } else {
+    format("~0u,  // no _extensions_\n");
+  }
+  if (descriptor_->oneof_decl_count() > 0) {
+    format("PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, _oneof_case_[0]),\n");
+  } else {
+    format("~0u,  // no _oneof_case_\n");
+  }
+  if (num_weak_fields_ > 0) {
+    format("PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, _weak_field_map_),\n");
+  } else {
+    format("~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_\n");
+  }
+  const int kNumGenericOffsets = 5;  // the number of fixed offsets above
+  const size_t offsets = kNumGenericOffsets + descriptor_->field_count() +
+                         descriptor_->oneof_decl_count();
+  size_t entries = offsets;
+  for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor_)) {
+    if (field->containing_oneof() || field->options().weak()) {
+      format("offsetof($classtype$DefaultTypeInternal, $1$_)",
+             FieldName(field));
+    } else {
+      format("PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, $1$_)", FieldName(field));
+    }
+
+    uint32 tag = field_generators_.get(field).CalculateFieldTag();
+    if (tag != 0) {
+      format(" | $1$", tag);
+    }
+
+    format(",\n");
+  }
+
+  for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+    format("PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET($classtype$, $1$_),\n", oneof->name());
+  }
+
+  if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    entries += 2;
+    format(
+        "0,\n"
+        "1,\n");
+  } else if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    entries += has_bit_indices_.size();
+    for (int i = 0; i < has_bit_indices_.size(); i++) {
+      const std::string index =
+          has_bit_indices_[i] >= 0 ? StrCat(has_bit_indices_[i]) : "~0u";
+      format("$1$,\n", index);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return std::make_pair(entries, offsets);
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateSharedConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  format("void $classname$::SharedCtor() {\n");
+  if (scc_analyzer_->GetSCCAnalysis(scc_analyzer_->GetSCC(descriptor_))
+          .constructor_requires_initialization) {
+    format("  ::$proto_ns$::internal::InitSCC(&$scc_info$.base);\n");
+  }
+
+  format.Indent();
+
+  std::vector<bool> processed(optimized_order_.size(), false);
+  GenerateConstructorBody(printer, processed, false);
+
+  for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+    format("clear_has_$1$();\n", oneof->name());
+  }
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateSharedDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  format("void $classname$::SharedDtor() {\n");
+  format.Indent();
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format("$DCHK$(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);\n");
+  }
+  // Write the destructors for each field except oneof members.
+  // optimized_order_ does not contain oneof fields.
+  for (auto field : optimized_order_) {
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateDestructorCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  // Generate code to destruct oneofs. Clearing should do the work.
+  for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "if (has_$1$()) {\n"
+        "  clear_$1$();\n"
+        "}\n",
+        oneof->name());
+  }
+
+  if (num_weak_fields_) {
+    format("_weak_field_map_.ClearAll();\n");
+  }
+  format.Outdent();
+  format(
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateArenaDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  // Generate the ArenaDtor() method. Track whether any fields actually produced
+  // code that needs to be called.
+  format("void $classname$::ArenaDtor(void* object) {\n");
+  format.Indent();
+
+  // This code is placed inside a static method, rather than an ordinary one,
+  // since that simplifies Arena's destructor list (ordinary function pointers
+  // rather than member function pointers). _this is the object being
+  // destructed.
+  format(
+      "$classname$* _this = reinterpret_cast< $classname$* >(object);\n"
+      // avoid an "unused variable" warning in case no fields have dtor code.
+      "(void)_this;\n");
+
+  bool need_registration = false;
+  // Process non-oneof fields first.
+  for (auto field : optimized_order_) {
+    if (field_generators_.get(field).GenerateArenaDestructorCode(printer)) {
+      need_registration = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Process oneof fields.
+  //
+  // Note:  As of 10/5/2016, GenerateArenaDestructorCode does not emit anything
+  // and returns false for oneof fields.
+  for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+    for (auto field : FieldRange(oneof)) {
+      if (field_generators_.get(field).GenerateArenaDestructorCode(printer)) {
+        need_registration = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (num_weak_fields_) {
+    // _this is the object being destructed (we are inside a static method
+    // here).
+    format("_this->_weak_field_map_.ClearAll();\n");
+    need_registration = true;
+  }
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+
+  if (need_registration) {
+    format(
+        "inline void $classname$::RegisterArenaDtor(::$proto_ns$::Arena* "
+        "arena) {\n"
+        "  if (arena != nullptr) {\n"
+        "    arena->OwnCustomDestructor(this, &$classname$::ArenaDtor);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "void $classname$::RegisterArenaDtor(::$proto_ns$::Arena*) {\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateConstructorBody(io::Printer* printer,
+                                               std::vector<bool> processed,
+                                               bool copy_constructor) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  const FieldDescriptor* last_start = NULL;
+  // RunMap maps from fields that start each run to the number of fields in that
+  // run.  This is optimized for the common case that there are very few runs in
+  // a message and that most of the eligible fields appear together.
+  typedef std::unordered_map<const FieldDescriptor*, size_t> RunMap;
+  RunMap runs;
+
+  for (auto field : optimized_order_) {
+    if ((copy_constructor && IsPOD(field)) ||
+        (!copy_constructor && CanConstructByZeroing(field, options_))) {
+      if (last_start == NULL) {
+        last_start = field;
+      }
+
+      runs[last_start]++;
+    } else {
+      last_start = NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string pod_template;
+  if (copy_constructor) {
+    pod_template =
+        "::memcpy(&$first$_, &from.$first$_,\n"
+        "  static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&$last$_) -\n"
+        "  reinterpret_cast<char*>(&$first$_)) + sizeof($last$_));\n";
+  } else {
+    pod_template =
+        "::memset(&$first$_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(\n"
+        "    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&$last$_) -\n"
+        "    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&$first$_)) + sizeof($last$_));\n";
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < optimized_order_.size(); ++i) {
+    if (processed[i]) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = optimized_order_[i];
+    RunMap::const_iterator it = runs.find(field);
+
+    // We only apply the memset technique to runs of more than one field, as
+    // assignment is better than memset for generated code clarity.
+    if (it != runs.end() && it->second > 1) {
+      // Use a memset, then skip run_length fields.
+      const size_t run_length = it->second;
+      const std::string first_field_name = FieldName(field);
+      const std::string last_field_name =
+          FieldName(optimized_order_[i + run_length - 1]);
+
+      format.Set("first", first_field_name);
+      format.Set("last", last_field_name);
+
+      format(pod_template.c_str());
+
+      i += run_length - 1;
+      // ++i at the top of the loop.
+    } else {
+      if (copy_constructor) {
+        field_generators_.get(field).GenerateCopyConstructorCode(printer);
+      } else {
+        field_generators_.get(field).GenerateConstructorCode(printer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateStructors(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  std::string superclass;
+  superclass = SuperClassName(descriptor_, options_);
+  std::string initializer_with_arena = superclass + "()";
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    initializer_with_arena += ",\n  _extensions_(arena)";
+  }
+
+  initializer_with_arena += ",\n  _internal_metadata_(arena)";
+
+  // Initialize member variables with arena constructor.
+  for (auto field : optimized_order_) {
+    bool has_arena_constructor = field->is_repeated();
+    if (field->containing_oneof() == NULL &&
+        (IsLazy(field, options_) || IsStringPiece(field, options_))) {
+      has_arena_constructor = true;
+    }
+    if (has_arena_constructor) {
+      initializer_with_arena +=
+          std::string(",\n  ") + FieldName(field) + std::string("_(arena)");
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor_, options_)) {
+    initializer_with_arena += ",\n  _any_metadata_(&type_url_, &value_)";
+  }
+  if (num_weak_fields_ > 0) {
+    initializer_with_arena += ", _weak_field_map_(arena)";
+  }
+
+  std::string initializer_null =
+      superclass + "(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr)";
+  if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor_, options_)) {
+    initializer_null += ", _any_metadata_(&type_url_, &value_)";
+  }
+  if (num_weak_fields_ > 0) {
+    initializer_null += ", _weak_field_map_(nullptr)";
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "$classname$::$classname$()\n"
+      "  : $1$ {\n"
+      "  SharedCtor();\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n",
+      initializer_null);
+
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "$classname$::$classname$(::$proto_ns$::Arena* arena)\n"
+        "  : $1$ {\n"
+        "  SharedCtor();\n"
+        "  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n",
+        initializer_with_arena);
+  }
+
+  // Generate the copy constructor.
+  if (UsingImplicitWeakFields(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    // If we are in lite mode and using implicit weak fields, we generate a
+    // one-liner copy constructor that delegates to MergeFrom. This saves some
+    // code size and also cuts down on the complexity of implicit weak fields.
+    // We might eventually want to do this for all lite protos.
+    format(
+        "$classname$::$classname$(const $classname$& from)\n"
+        "  : $classname$() {\n"
+        "  MergeFrom(from);\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "$classname$::$classname$(const $classname$& from)\n"
+        "  : $superclass$()");
+    format.Indent();
+    format.Indent();
+    format.Indent();
+    format(",\n_internal_metadata_(nullptr)");
+
+    if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+      if (!IsProto2MessageSet(descriptor_, options_)) {
+        format(",\n_has_bits_(from._has_bits_)");
+      }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<bool> processed(optimized_order_.size(), false);
+    for (int i = 0; i < optimized_order_.size(); i++) {
+      auto field = optimized_order_[i];
+      if (!(field->is_repeated() && !(field->is_map())) &&
+          !IsCord(field, options_)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      processed[i] = true;
+      format(",\n$1$_(from.$1$_)", FieldName(field));
+    }
+
+    if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor_, options_)) {
+      format(",\n_any_metadata_(&type_url_, &value_)");
+    }
+    if (num_weak_fields_ > 0) {
+      format(",\n_weak_field_map_(from._weak_field_map_)");
+    }
+
+    format.Outdent();
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(" {\n");
+
+    format("_internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);\n");
+
+    if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+      format("_extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);\n");
+    }
+
+    GenerateConstructorBody(printer, processed, true);
+
+    // Copy oneof fields. Oneof field requires oneof case check.
+    for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+      format(
+          "clear_has_$1$();\n"
+          "switch (from.$1$_case()) {\n",
+          oneof->name());
+      format.Indent();
+      for (auto field : FieldRange(oneof)) {
+        format("case k$1$: {\n", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true));
+        format.Indent();
+        field_generators_.get(field).GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+        format("break;\n");
+        format.Outdent();
+        format("}\n");
+      }
+      format(
+          "case $1$_NOT_SET: {\n"
+          "  break;\n"
+          "}\n",
+          ToUpper(oneof->name()));
+      format.Outdent();
+      format("}\n");
+    }
+
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  // Generate the shared constructor code.
+  GenerateSharedConstructorCode(printer);
+
+  // Generate the destructor.
+  format(
+      "$classname$::~$classname$() {\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  SharedDtor();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  // Generate the shared destructor code.
+  GenerateSharedDestructorCode(printer);
+
+  // Generate the arena-specific destructor code.
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    GenerateArenaDestructorCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  // Generate SetCachedSize.
+  format(
+      "void $classname$::SetCachedSize(int size) const {\n"
+      "  _cached_size_.Set(size);\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  format(
+      "const $classname$& $classname$::default_instance() {\n"
+      "  "
+      "::$proto_ns$::internal::InitSCC(&::$scc_info$.base)"
+      ";\n"
+      "  return *internal_default_instance();\n"
+      "}\n\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateSourceInProto2Namespace(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "template<> "
+      "PROTOBUF_NOINLINE "
+      "$classtype$* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< $classtype$ >(Arena* arena) {\n"
+      "  return Arena::$1$Internal< $classtype$ >(arena);\n"
+      "}\n",
+      MessageCreateFunction(descriptor_));
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateClear(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // Performance tuning parameters
+  const int kMaxUnconditionalPrimitiveBytesClear = 4;
+
+  format(
+      "void $classname$::Clear() {\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:$full_name$)\n");
+  format.Indent();
+
+  format(
+      // TODO(jwb): It would be better to avoid emitting this if it is not used,
+      // rather than emitting a workaround for the resulting warning.
+      "$uint32$ cached_has_bits = 0;\n"
+      "// Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused\n"
+      "(void) cached_has_bits;\n\n");
+
+  int cached_has_bit_index = -1;
+
+  // Step 1: Extensions
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    format("_extensions_.Clear();\n");
+  }
+
+  int unconditional_budget = kMaxUnconditionalPrimitiveBytesClear;
+  for (int i = 0; i < optimized_order_.size(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = optimized_order_[i];
+
+    if (!CanInitializeByZeroing(field)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    unconditional_budget -= EstimateAlignmentSize(field);
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>> chunks_frag = CollectFields(
+      optimized_order_,
+      MatchRepeatedAndHasByteAndZeroInits(
+          &has_bit_indices_, HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())));
+
+  // Merge next non-zero initializable chunk if it has the same has_byte index
+  // and not meeting unconditional clear condition.
+  std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>> chunks;
+  if (!HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Don't bother with merging without has_bit field.
+    chunks = chunks_frag;
+  } else {
+    // Note that only the next chunk is considered for merging.
+    for (int i = 0; i < chunks_frag.size(); i++) {
+      chunks.push_back(chunks_frag[i]);
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = chunks_frag[i].front();
+      const FieldDescriptor* next_field =
+          (i + 1) < chunks_frag.size() ? chunks_frag[i + 1].front() : nullptr;
+      if (CanInitializeByZeroing(field) &&
+          (chunks_frag[i].size() == 1 || unconditional_budget < 0) &&
+          next_field != nullptr &&
+          has_bit_indices_[field->index()] / 8 ==
+              has_bit_indices_[next_field->index()] / 8) {
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(!CanInitializeByZeroing(next_field));
+        // Insert next chunk to the current one and skip next chunk.
+        chunks.back().insert(chunks.back().end(), chunks_frag[i + 1].begin(),
+                             chunks_frag[i + 1].end());
+        i++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  ColdChunkSkipper cold_skipper(options_, chunks, has_bit_indices_, kColdRatio,
+                                HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()));
+  for (int chunk_index = 0; chunk_index < chunks.size(); chunk_index++) {
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& chunk = chunks[chunk_index];
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(!chunk.empty());
+
+    // Step 2: Repeated fields don't use _has_bits_; emit code to clear them
+    // here.
+    if (chunk.front()->is_repeated()) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < chunk.size(); i++) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* field = chunk[i];
+        const FieldGenerator& generator = field_generators_.get(field);
+
+        generator.GenerateMessageClearingCode(printer);
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    cold_skipper.OnStartChunk(chunk_index, cached_has_bit_index, "", printer);
+
+    // Step 3: Non-repeated fields that can be cleared by memset-to-0, then
+    // non-repeated, non-zero initializable fields.
+    int last_chunk = HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())
+                         ? has_bit_indices_[chunk.front()->index()] / 8
+                         : 0;
+    int last_chunk_start = 0;
+    int memset_run_start = -1;
+    int memset_run_end = -1;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < chunk.size(); i++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = chunk[i];
+      if (CanInitializeByZeroing(field)) {
+        if (memset_run_start == -1) {
+          memset_run_start = i;
+        }
+        memset_run_end = i;
+      }
+    }
+
+    const bool have_outer_if =
+        HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) && chunk.size() > 1 &&
+        (memset_run_end != chunk.size() - 1 || unconditional_budget < 0);
+
+    if (have_outer_if) {
+      uint32 last_chunk_mask = GenChunkMask(chunk, has_bit_indices_);
+      const int count = popcnt(last_chunk_mask);
+
+      // Check (up to) 8 has_bits at a time if we have more than one field in
+      // this chunk.  Due to field layout ordering, we may check
+      // _has_bits_[last_chunk * 8 / 32] multiple times.
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(2, count);
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(8, count);
+
+      if (cached_has_bit_index != last_chunk / 4) {
+        cached_has_bit_index = last_chunk / 4;
+        format("cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[$1$];\n", cached_has_bit_index);
+      }
+      format("if (cached_has_bits & 0x$1$u) {\n",
+             StrCat(strings::Hex(last_chunk_mask, strings::ZERO_PAD_8)));
+      format.Indent();
+    }
+
+    if (memset_run_start != -1) {
+      if (memset_run_start == memset_run_end) {
+        // For clarity, do not memset a single field.
+        const FieldGenerator& generator =
+            field_generators_.get(chunk[memset_run_start]);
+        generator.GenerateMessageClearingCode(printer);
+      } else {
+        const std::string first_field_name = FieldName(chunk[memset_run_start]);
+        const std::string last_field_name = FieldName(chunk[memset_run_end]);
+
+        format(
+            "::memset(&$1$_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(\n"
+            "    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&$2$_) -\n"
+            "    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&$1$_)) + sizeof($2$_));\n",
+            first_field_name, last_field_name);
+      }
+
+      // Advance last_chunk_start to skip over the fields we zeroed/memset.
+      last_chunk_start = memset_run_end + 1;
+    }
+
+    // Go back and emit clears for each of the fields we processed.
+    for (int j = last_chunk_start; j < chunk.size(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = chunk[j];
+      const FieldGenerator& generator = field_generators_.get(field);
+
+      // It's faster to just overwrite primitive types, but we should only
+      // clear strings and messages if they were set.
+      //
+      // TODO(kenton):  Let the CppFieldGenerator decide this somehow.
+      bool should_check_bit =
+          field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE ||
+          field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING;
+
+      bool have_enclosing_if = false;
+      if (should_check_bit &&
+          // If no field presence, then always clear strings/messages as well.
+          HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+        PrintPresenceCheck(format, field, has_bit_indices_, printer,
+                           &cached_has_bit_index);
+        have_enclosing_if = true;
+      }
+
+      generator.GenerateMessageClearingCode(printer);
+
+      if (have_enclosing_if) {
+        format.Outdent();
+        format("}\n");
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (have_outer_if) {
+      format.Outdent();
+      format("}\n");
+    }
+
+    if (cold_skipper.OnEndChunk(chunk_index, printer)) {
+      // Reset here as it may have been updated in just closed if statement.
+      cached_has_bit_index = -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Step 4: Unions.
+  for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+    format("clear_$1$();\n", oneof->name());
+  }
+
+  if (num_weak_fields_) {
+    format("_weak_field_map_.ClearAll();\n");
+  }
+
+  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Step 5: Everything else.
+    format("_has_bits_.Clear();\n");
+  }
+
+  format("_internal_metadata_.Clear();\n");
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateOneofClear(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Generated function clears the active field and union case (e.g. foo_case_).
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    auto oneof = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i);
+    Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+    format.Set("oneofname", oneof->name());
+
+    format(
+        "void $classname$::clear_$oneofname$() {\n"
+        "// @@protoc_insertion_point(one_of_clear_start:$full_name$)\n");
+    format.Indent();
+    format("switch ($oneofname$_case()) {\n");
+    format.Indent();
+    for (auto field : FieldRange(oneof)) {
+      format("case k$1$: {\n", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true));
+      format.Indent();
+      // We clear only allocated objects in oneofs
+      if (!IsStringOrMessage(field)) {
+        format("// No need to clear\n");
+      } else {
+        field_generators_.get(field).GenerateClearingCode(printer);
+      }
+      format("break;\n");
+      format.Outdent();
+      format("}\n");
+    }
+    format(
+        "case $1$_NOT_SET: {\n"
+        "  break;\n"
+        "}\n",
+        ToUpper(oneof->name()));
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        "}\n"
+        "_oneof_case_[$1$] = $2$_NOT_SET;\n",
+        i, ToUpper(oneof->name()));
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        "}\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateSwap(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  format("void $classname$::InternalSwap($classname$* other) {\n");
+  format.Indent();
+  format("using std::swap;\n");
+
+  if (HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+      format("_extensions_.Swap(&other->_extensions_);\n");
+    }
+
+    format("_internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);\n");
+
+    if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < HasBitsSize() / 4; ++i) {
+        format("swap(_has_bits_[$1$], other->_has_bits_[$1$]);\n", i);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < optimized_order_.size(); i++) {
+      // optimized_order_ does not contain oneof fields, but the field
+      // generators for these fields do not emit swapping code on their own.
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = optimized_order_[i];
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateSwappingCode(printer);
+    }
+
+    for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+      format("swap($1$_, other->$1$_);\n", oneof->name());
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+      format("swap(_oneof_case_[$1$], other->_oneof_case_[$1$]);\n", i);
+    }
+
+    if (num_weak_fields_) {
+      format("_weak_field_map_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->_weak_field_map_);\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    format("GetReflection()->Swap(this, other);");
+  }
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateMergeFrom(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    // Generate the generalized MergeFrom (aka that which takes in the Message
+    // base class as a parameter).
+    format(
+        "void $classname$::MergeFrom(const ::$proto_ns$::Message& from) {\n"
+        "// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:"
+        "$full_name$)\n"
+        "  $DCHK$_NE(&from, this);\n");
+    format.Indent();
+
+    // Cast the message to the proper type. If we find that the message is
+    // *not* of the proper type, we can still call Merge via the reflection
+    // system, as the GOOGLE_CHECK above ensured that we have the same descriptor
+    // for each message.
+    format(
+        "const $classname$* source =\n"
+        "    ::$proto_ns$::DynamicCastToGenerated<$classname$>(\n"
+        "        &from);\n"
+        "if (source == nullptr) {\n"
+        "// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:"
+        "$full_name$)\n"
+        "  ::$proto_ns$::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);\n"
+        "} else {\n"
+        "// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:"
+        "$full_name$)\n"
+        "  MergeFrom(*source);\n"
+        "}\n");
+
+    format.Outdent();
+    format("}\n\n");
+  } else {
+    // Generate CheckTypeAndMergeFrom().
+    format(
+        "void $classname$::CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(\n"
+        "    const ::$proto_ns$::MessageLite& from) {\n"
+        "  MergeFrom(*::$proto_ns$::internal::DownCast<const $classname$*>(\n"
+        "      &from));\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  // Generate the class-specific MergeFrom, which avoids the GOOGLE_CHECK and cast.
+  format(
+      "void $classname$::MergeFrom(const $classname$& from) {\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:"
+      "$full_name$)\n"
+      "  $DCHK$_NE(&from, this);\n");
+  format.Indent();
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    format("_extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "_internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);\n"
+      "$uint32$ cached_has_bits = 0;\n"
+      "(void) cached_has_bits;\n\n");
+
+  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>> chunks = CollectFields(
+        optimized_order_, MatchRepeatedAndHasByte(&has_bit_indices_, true));
+
+    ColdChunkSkipper cold_skipper(options_, chunks, has_bit_indices_,
+                                  kColdRatio, true);
+
+    // cached_has_bit_index maintains that:
+    //   cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[cached_has_bit_index]
+    // for cached_has_bit_index >= 0
+    int cached_has_bit_index = -1;
+
+    for (int chunk_index = 0; chunk_index < chunks.size(); chunk_index++) {
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& chunk = chunks[chunk_index];
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(!chunk.empty());
+
+      // Merge Repeated fields. These fields do not require a
+      // check as we can simply iterate over them.
+      if (chunk.front()->is_repeated()) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < chunk.size(); i++) {
+          const FieldDescriptor* field = chunk[i];
+
+          const FieldGenerator& generator = field_generators_.get(field);
+          generator.GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Merge Optional and Required fields (after a _has_bit_ check).
+      cold_skipper.OnStartChunk(chunk_index, cached_has_bit_index, "from.",
+                                printer);
+
+      int last_chunk = has_bit_indices_[chunk.front()->index()] / 8;
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(-1, last_chunk);
+
+      const bool have_outer_if = chunk.size() > 1;
+      if (have_outer_if) {
+        uint32 last_chunk_mask = GenChunkMask(chunk, has_bit_indices_);
+        const int count = popcnt(last_chunk_mask);
+
+        // Check (up to) 8 has_bits at a time if we have more than one field in
+        // this chunk.  Due to field layout ordering, we may check
+        // _has_bits_[last_chunk * 8 / 32] multiple times.
+        GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(2, count);
+        GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(8, count);
+
+        if (cached_has_bit_index != last_chunk / 4) {
+          cached_has_bit_index = last_chunk / 4;
+          format("cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[$1$];\n",
+                 cached_has_bit_index);
+        }
+        format("if (cached_has_bits & 0x$1$u) {\n",
+               StrCat(strings::Hex(last_chunk_mask, strings::ZERO_PAD_8)));
+        format.Indent();
+      }
+
+      // Go back and emit merging code for each of the fields we processed.
+      bool deferred_has_bit_changes = false;
+      for (const auto field : chunk) {
+        const FieldGenerator& generator = field_generators_.get(field);
+
+        // Attempt to use the state of cached_has_bits, if possible.
+        int has_bit_index = has_bit_indices_[field->index()];
+        if (!field->options().weak() &&
+            cached_has_bit_index == has_bit_index / 32) {
+          const std::string mask = StrCat(
+              strings::Hex(1u << (has_bit_index % 32), strings::ZERO_PAD_8));
+
+          format("if (cached_has_bits & 0x$1$u) {\n", mask);
+        } else {
+          format("if (from._internal_has_$1$()) {\n", FieldName(field));
+        }
+        format.Indent();
+
+        if (have_outer_if && IsPOD(field)) {
+          // GenerateCopyConstructorCode for enum and primitive scalar fields
+          // does not do _has_bits_ modifications.  We defer _has_bits_
+          // manipulation until the end of the outer if.
+          //
+          // This can reduce the number of loads/stores by up to 7 per 8 fields.
+          deferred_has_bit_changes = true;
+          generator.GenerateCopyConstructorCode(printer);
+        } else {
+          generator.GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+        }
+
+        format.Outdent();
+        format("}\n");
+      }
+
+      if (have_outer_if) {
+        if (deferred_has_bit_changes) {
+          // Flush the has bits for the primitives we deferred.
+          GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(0, cached_has_bit_index);
+          format("_has_bits_[$1$] |= cached_has_bits;\n", cached_has_bit_index);
+        }
+
+        format.Outdent();
+        format("}\n");
+      }
+
+      if (cold_skipper.OnEndChunk(chunk_index, printer)) {
+        // Reset here as it may have been updated in just closed if statement.
+        cached_has_bit_index = -1;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    // proto3
+    for (const auto field : optimized_order_) {
+      const FieldGenerator& generator = field_generators_.get(field);
+      // Merge semantics without true field presence: primitive fields are
+      // merged only if non-zero (numeric) or non-empty (string).
+      bool have_enclosing_if =
+          EmitFieldNonDefaultCondition(printer, "from.", field);
+
+      generator.GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+
+      if (have_enclosing_if) {
+        format.Outdent();
+        format("}\n");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Merge oneof fields. Oneof field requires oneof case check.
+  for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+    format("switch (from.$1$_case()) {\n", oneof->name());
+    format.Indent();
+    for (auto field : FieldRange(oneof)) {
+      format("case k$1$: {\n", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true));
+      format.Indent();
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+      format("break;\n");
+      format.Outdent();
+      format("}\n");
+    }
+    format(
+        "case $1$_NOT_SET: {\n"
+        "  break;\n"
+        "}\n",
+        ToUpper(oneof->name()));
+    format.Outdent();
+    format("}\n");
+  }
+  if (num_weak_fields_) {
+    format("_weak_field_map_.MergeFrom(from._weak_field_map_);\n");
+  }
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateCopyFrom(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    // Generate the generalized CopyFrom (aka that which takes in the Message
+    // base class as a parameter).
+    format(
+        "void $classname$::CopyFrom(const ::$proto_ns$::Message& from) {\n"
+        "// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:"
+        "$full_name$)\n");
+    format.Indent();
+
+    format("if (&from == this) return;\n");
+
+    if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+      // This check is disabled in the opensource release because we're
+      // concerned that many users do not define NDEBUG in their release
+      // builds.
+      format(
+          "#ifndef NDEBUG\n"
+          "size_t from_size = from.ByteSizeLong();\n"
+          "#endif\n"
+          "Clear();\n"
+          "#ifndef NDEBUG\n"
+          "$CHK$_EQ(from_size, from.ByteSizeLong())\n"
+          "  << \"Source of CopyFrom changed when clearing target.  Either \"\n"
+          "  << \"source is a nested message in target (not allowed), or \"\n"
+          "  << \"another thread is modifying the source.\";\n"
+          "#endif\n");
+    } else {
+      format("Clear();\n");
+    }
+    format("MergeFrom(from);\n");
+
+    format.Outdent();
+    format("}\n\n");
+  }
+
+  // Generate the class-specific CopyFrom.
+  format(
+      "void $classname$::CopyFrom(const $classname$& from) {\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:"
+      "$full_name$)\n");
+  format.Indent();
+
+  format("if (&from == this) return;\n");
+
+  if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    // This check is disabled in the opensource release because we're
+    // concerned that many users do not define NDEBUG in their release builds.
+    format(
+        "#ifndef NDEBUG\n"
+        "size_t from_size = from.ByteSizeLong();\n"
+        "#endif\n"
+        "Clear();\n"
+        "#ifndef NDEBUG\n"
+        "$CHK$_EQ(from_size, from.ByteSizeLong())\n"
+        "  << \"Source of CopyFrom changed when clearing target.  Either \"\n"
+        "  << \"source is a nested message in target (not allowed), or \"\n"
+        "  << \"another thread is modifying the source.\";\n"
+        "#endif\n");
+  } else {
+    format("Clear();\n");
+  }
+  format("MergeFrom(from);\n");
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) {
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars = variables_;
+  SetUnknkownFieldsVariable(descriptor_, options_, &vars);
+  Formatter format(printer, vars);
+  if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+    // Special-case MessageSet.
+    format(
+        "const char* $classname$::_InternalParse(const char* ptr,\n"
+        "                  ::$proto_ns$::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {\n"
+        "  return _extensions_.ParseMessageSet(ptr, \n"
+        "      internal_default_instance(), &_internal_metadata_, ctx);\n"
+        "}\n");
+    return;
+  }
+  GenerateParserLoop(descriptor_, max_has_bit_index_, options_, scc_analyzer_,
+                     printer);
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateSerializeOneofFields(
+    io::Printer* printer, const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!fields.empty());
+  if (fields.size() == 1) {
+    GenerateSerializeOneField(printer, fields[0], -1);
+    return;
+  }
+  // We have multiple mutually exclusive choices.  Emit a switch statement.
+  const OneofDescriptor* oneof = fields[0]->containing_oneof();
+  format("switch ($1$_case()) {\n", oneof->name());
+  format.Indent();
+  for (auto field : fields) {
+    format("case k$1$: {\n", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true));
+    format.Indent();
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+        printer);
+    format("break;\n");
+    format.Outdent();
+    format("}\n");
+  }
+  format.Outdent();
+  // Doing nothing is an option.
+  format(
+      "  default: ;\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateSerializeOneField(io::Printer* printer,
+                                                 const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                                 int cached_has_bits_index) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (!field->options().weak()) {
+    // For weakfields, PrintFieldComment is called during iteration.
+    PrintFieldComment(format, field);
+  }
+
+  bool have_enclosing_if = false;
+  if (field->options().weak()) {
+  } else if (!field->is_repeated() && HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Attempt to use the state of cached_has_bits, if possible.
+    int has_bit_index = has_bit_indices_[field->index()];
+    if (cached_has_bits_index == has_bit_index / 32) {
+      const std::string mask =
+          StrCat(strings::Hex(1u << (has_bit_index % 32), strings::ZERO_PAD_8));
+
+      format("if (cached_has_bits & 0x$1$u) {\n", mask);
+    } else {
+      format("if (_internal_has_$1$()) {\n", FieldName(field));
+    }
+
+    format.Indent();
+    have_enclosing_if = true;
+  } else if (!HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    have_enclosing_if = EmitFieldNonDefaultCondition(printer, "this->", field);
+  }
+
+  field_generators_.get(field).GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(printer);
+
+  if (have_enclosing_if) {
+    format.Outdent();
+    format("}\n");
+  }
+  format("\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(
+    io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range) {
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars = variables_;
+  vars["start"] = StrCat(range->start);
+  vars["end"] = StrCat(range->end);
+  Formatter format(printer, vars);
+  format("// Extension range [$start$, $end$)\n");
+  format(
+      "target = _extensions_._InternalSerialize(\n"
+      "    $start$, $end$, target, stream);\n\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+    // Special-case MessageSet.
+    format(
+        "$uint8$* $classname$::_InternalSerialize(\n"
+        "    $uint8$* target, ::$proto_ns$::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) "
+        "const {\n"
+        "  target = _extensions_."
+        "InternalSerializeMessageSetWithCachedSizesToArray(target, stream);\n");
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    SetUnknkownFieldsVariable(descriptor_, options_, &vars);
+    format.AddMap(vars);
+    format(
+        "  target = ::$proto_ns$::internal::"
+        "InternalSerializeUnknownMessageSetItemsToArray(\n"
+        "               $unknown_fields$, target, stream);\n");
+    format(
+        "  return target;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "$uint8$* $classname$::_InternalSerialize(\n"
+      "    $uint8$* target, ::$proto_ns$::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) "
+      "const {\n");
+  format.Indent();
+
+  format("// @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:$full_name$)\n");
+
+  GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesBody(printer);
+
+  format("// @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:$full_name$)\n");
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format(
+      "  return target;\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesBody(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // If there are multiple fields in a row from the same oneof then we
+  // coalesce them and emit a switch statement.  This is more efficient
+  // because it lets the C++ compiler know this is a "at most one can happen"
+  // situation. If we emitted "if (has_x()) ...; if (has_y()) ..." the C++
+  // compiler's emitted code might check has_y() even when has_x() is true.
+  class LazySerializerEmitter {
+   public:
+    LazySerializerEmitter(MessageGenerator* mg, io::Printer* printer)
+        : mg_(mg),
+          format_(printer),
+          eager_(!HasFieldPresence(mg->descriptor_->file())),
+          cached_has_bit_index_(-1) {}
+
+    ~LazySerializerEmitter() { Flush(); }
+
+    // If conditions allow, try to accumulate a run of fields from the same
+    // oneof, and handle them at the next Flush().
+    void Emit(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+      if (eager_ || MustFlush(field)) {
+        Flush();
+      }
+      if (field->containing_oneof() == NULL) {
+        // TODO(ckennelly): Defer non-oneof fields similarly to oneof fields.
+
+        if (!field->options().weak() && !field->is_repeated() && !eager_) {
+          // We speculatively load the entire _has_bits_[index] contents, even
+          // if it is for only one field.  Deferring non-oneof emitting would
+          // allow us to determine whether this is going to be useful.
+          int has_bit_index = mg_->has_bit_indices_[field->index()];
+          if (cached_has_bit_index_ != has_bit_index / 32) {
+            // Reload.
+            int new_index = has_bit_index / 32;
+
+            format_("cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[$1$];\n", new_index);
+
+            cached_has_bit_index_ = new_index;
+          }
+        }
+
+        mg_->GenerateSerializeOneField(format_.printer(), field,
+                                       cached_has_bit_index_);
+      } else {
+        v_.push_back(field);
+      }
+    }
+
+    void Flush() {
+      if (!v_.empty()) {
+        mg_->GenerateSerializeOneofFields(format_.printer(), v_);
+        v_.clear();
+      }
+    }
+
+   private:
+    // If we have multiple fields in v_ then they all must be from the same
+    // oneof.  Would adding field to v_ break that invariant?
+    bool MustFlush(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+      return !v_.empty() &&
+             v_[0]->containing_oneof() != field->containing_oneof();
+    }
+
+    MessageGenerator* mg_;
+    Formatter format_;
+    const bool eager_;
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> v_;
+
+    // cached_has_bit_index_ maintains that:
+    //   cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[cached_has_bit_index_]
+    // for cached_has_bit_index_ >= 0
+    int cached_has_bit_index_;
+  };
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> ordered_fields =
+      SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_);
+
+  std::vector<const Descriptor::ExtensionRange*> sorted_extensions;
+  sorted_extensions.reserve(descriptor_->extension_range_count());
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_range_count(); ++i) {
+    sorted_extensions.push_back(descriptor_->extension_range(i));
+  }
+  std::sort(sorted_extensions.begin(), sorted_extensions.end(),
+            ExtensionRangeSorter());
+  if (num_weak_fields_) {
+    format(
+        "::$proto_ns$::internal::WeakFieldMap::FieldWriter field_writer("
+        "_weak_field_map_);\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "$uint32$ cached_has_bits = 0;\n"
+      "(void) cached_has_bits;\n\n");
+
+  // Merge the fields and the extension ranges, both sorted by field number.
+  {
+    LazySerializerEmitter e(this, printer);
+    const FieldDescriptor* last_weak_field = nullptr;
+    int i, j;
+    for (i = 0, j = 0;
+         i < ordered_fields.size() || j < sorted_extensions.size();) {
+      if ((j == sorted_extensions.size()) ||
+          (i < descriptor_->field_count() &&
+           ordered_fields[i]->number() < sorted_extensions[j]->start)) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* field = ordered_fields[i++];
+        if (field->options().weak()) {
+          last_weak_field = field;
+          PrintFieldComment(format, field);
+        } else {
+          if (last_weak_field != nullptr) {
+            e.Emit(last_weak_field);
+            last_weak_field = nullptr;
+          }
+          e.Emit(field);
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (last_weak_field != nullptr) {
+          e.Emit(last_weak_field);
+          last_weak_field = nullptr;
+        }
+        e.Flush();
+        GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(printer, sorted_extensions[j++]);
+      }
+    }
+    if (last_weak_field != nullptr) {
+      e.Emit(last_weak_field);
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+  SetUnknkownFieldsVariable(descriptor_, options_, &vars);
+  format.AddMap(vars);
+  format("if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE($have_unknown_fields$)) {\n");
+  format.Indent();
+  if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    format(
+        "target = "
+        "::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormat::"
+        "InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(\n"
+        "    $unknown_fields$, target, stream);\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "target = stream->WriteRaw($unknown_fields$.data(),\n"
+        "    static_cast<int>($unknown_fields$.size()), target);\n");
+  }
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+}
+
+std::vector<uint32> MessageGenerator::RequiredFieldsBitMask() const {
+  const int array_size = HasBitsSize();
+  std::vector<uint32> masks(array_size, 0);
+
+  for (auto field : FieldRange(descriptor_)) {
+    if (!field->is_required()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const int has_bit_index = has_bit_indices_[field->index()];
+    masks[has_bit_index / 32] |= static_cast<uint32>(1) << (has_bit_index % 32);
+  }
+  return masks;
+}
+
+// Create an expression that evaluates to
+//  "for all i, (_has_bits_[i] & masks[i]) == masks[i]"
+// masks is allowed to be shorter than _has_bits_, but at least one element of
+// masks must be non-zero.
+static std::string ConditionalToCheckBitmasks(
+    const std::vector<uint32>& masks) {
+  std::vector<std::string> parts;
+  for (int i = 0; i < masks.size(); i++) {
+    if (masks[i] == 0) continue;
+    std::string m = StrCat("0x", strings::Hex(masks[i], strings::ZERO_PAD_8));
+    // Each xor evaluates to 0 if the expected bits are present.
+    parts.push_back(
+        StrCat("((_has_bits_[", i, "] & ", m, ") ^ ", m, ")"));
+  }
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!parts.empty());
+  // If we have multiple parts, each expected to be 0, then bitwise-or them.
+  std::string result =
+      parts.size() == 1
+          ? parts[0]
+          : StrCat("(", Join(parts, "\n       | "), ")");
+  return result + " == 0";
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+
+  if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+    // Special-case MessageSet.
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    SetUnknkownFieldsVariable(descriptor_, options_, &vars);
+    format.AddMap(vars);
+    format(
+        "size_t $classname$::ByteSizeLong() const {\n"
+        "// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_set_byte_size_start:$full_name$)\n"
+        "  size_t total_size = _extensions_.MessageSetByteSize();\n"
+        "  if ($have_unknown_fields$) {\n"
+        "    total_size += ::$proto_ns$::internal::\n"
+        "        ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize($unknown_fields$);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  int cached_size = "
+        "::$proto_ns$::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);\n"
+        "  SetCachedSize(cached_size);\n"
+        "  return total_size;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (num_required_fields_ > 1 && HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Emit a function (rarely used, we hope) that handles the required fields
+    // by checking for each one individually.
+    format(
+        "size_t $classname$::RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const {\n"
+        "// @@protoc_insertion_point(required_fields_byte_size_fallback_start:"
+        "$full_name$)\n");
+    format.Indent();
+    format("size_t total_size = 0;\n");
+    for (auto field : optimized_order_) {
+      if (field->is_required()) {
+        format(
+            "\n"
+            "if (_internal_has_$1$()) {\n",
+            FieldName(field));
+        format.Indent();
+        PrintFieldComment(format, field);
+        field_generators_.get(field).GenerateByteSize(printer);
+        format.Outdent();
+        format("}\n");
+      }
+    }
+    format(
+        "\n"
+        "return total_size;\n");
+    format.Outdent();
+    format("}\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "size_t $classname$::ByteSizeLong() const {\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:$full_name$)\n");
+  format.Indent();
+  format(
+      "size_t total_size = 0;\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    format(
+        "total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+  SetUnknkownFieldsVariable(descriptor_, options_, &vars);
+  format.AddMap(vars);
+
+  // Handle required fields (if any).  We expect all of them to be
+  // present, so emit one conditional that checks for that.  If they are all
+  // present then the fast path executes; otherwise the slow path executes.
+  if (num_required_fields_ > 1 && HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // The fast path works if all required fields are present.
+    const std::vector<uint32> masks_for_has_bits = RequiredFieldsBitMask();
+    format("if ($1$) {  // All required fields are present.\n",
+           ConditionalToCheckBitmasks(masks_for_has_bits));
+    format.Indent();
+    // Oneof fields cannot be required, so optimized_order_ contains all of the
+    // fields that we need to potentially emit.
+    for (auto field : optimized_order_) {
+      if (!field->is_required()) continue;
+      PrintFieldComment(format, field);
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateByteSize(printer);
+      format("\n");
+    }
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        "} else {\n"  // the slow path
+        "  total_size += RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback();\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    // num_required_fields_ <= 1: no need to be tricky
+    for (auto field : optimized_order_) {
+      if (!field->is_required()) continue;
+      PrintFieldComment(format, field);
+      format("if (_internal_has_$1$()) {\n", FieldName(field));
+      format.Indent();
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateByteSize(printer);
+      format.Outdent();
+      format("}\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>> chunks = CollectFields(
+      optimized_order_,
+      MatchRepeatedAndHasByteAndRequired(
+          &has_bit_indices_, HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())));
+
+  // Remove chunks with required fields.
+  chunks.erase(std::remove_if(chunks.begin(), chunks.end(), IsRequired),
+               chunks.end());
+
+  ColdChunkSkipper cold_skipper(options_, chunks, has_bit_indices_, kColdRatio,
+                                HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()));
+
+  format(
+      "$uint32$ cached_has_bits = 0;\n"
+      "// Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused\n"
+      "(void) cached_has_bits;\n\n");
+
+  int cached_has_bit_index = -1;
+
+  for (int chunk_index = 0; chunk_index < chunks.size(); chunk_index++) {
+    const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& chunk = chunks[chunk_index];
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(!chunk.empty());
+
+    // Handle repeated fields.
+    if (chunk.front()->is_repeated()) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < chunk.size(); i++) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* field = chunk[i];
+
+        PrintFieldComment(format, field);
+        const FieldGenerator& generator = field_generators_.get(field);
+        generator.GenerateByteSize(printer);
+        format("\n");
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    cold_skipper.OnStartChunk(chunk_index, cached_has_bit_index, "", printer);
+
+    // Handle optional (non-repeated/oneof) fields.
+    //
+    // These are handled in chunks of 8.  The first chunk is
+    // the non-requireds-non-repeateds-non-unions-non-extensions in
+    //  descriptor_->field(0), descriptor_->field(1), ... descriptor_->field(7),
+    // and the second chunk is the same for
+    //  descriptor_->field(8), descriptor_->field(9), ...
+    //  descriptor_->field(15),
+    // etc.
+    int last_chunk = HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())
+                         ? has_bit_indices_[chunk.front()->index()] / 8
+                         : 0;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(-1, last_chunk);
+
+    const bool have_outer_if =
+        HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) && chunk.size() > 1;
+
+    if (have_outer_if) {
+      uint32 last_chunk_mask = GenChunkMask(chunk, has_bit_indices_);
+      const int count = popcnt(last_chunk_mask);
+
+      // Check (up to) 8 has_bits at a time if we have more than one field in
+      // this chunk.  Due to field layout ordering, we may check
+      // _has_bits_[last_chunk * 8 / 32] multiple times.
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(2, count);
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(8, count);
+
+      if (cached_has_bit_index != last_chunk / 4) {
+        cached_has_bit_index = last_chunk / 4;
+        format("cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[$1$];\n", cached_has_bit_index);
+      }
+      format("if (cached_has_bits & 0x$1$u) {\n",
+             StrCat(strings::Hex(last_chunk_mask, strings::ZERO_PAD_8)));
+      format.Indent();
+    }
+
+    // Go back and emit checks for each of the fields we processed.
+    for (int j = 0; j < chunk.size(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = chunk[j];
+      const FieldGenerator& generator = field_generators_.get(field);
+
+      PrintFieldComment(format, field);
+
+      bool have_enclosing_if = false;
+      if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+        PrintPresenceCheck(format, field, has_bit_indices_, printer,
+                           &cached_has_bit_index);
+        have_enclosing_if = true;
+      } else {
+        // Without field presence: field is serialized only if it has a
+        // non-default value.
+        have_enclosing_if =
+            EmitFieldNonDefaultCondition(printer, "this->", field);
+      }
+
+      generator.GenerateByteSize(printer);
+
+      if (have_enclosing_if) {
+        format.Outdent();
+        format(
+            "}\n"
+            "\n");
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (have_outer_if) {
+      format.Outdent();
+      format("}\n");
+    }
+
+    if (cold_skipper.OnEndChunk(chunk_index, printer)) {
+      // Reset here as it may have been updated in just closed if statement.
+      cached_has_bit_index = -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Fields inside a oneof don't use _has_bits_ so we count them in a separate
+  // pass.
+  for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+    format("switch ($1$_case()) {\n", oneof->name());
+    format.Indent();
+    for (auto field : FieldRange(oneof)) {
+      PrintFieldComment(format, field);
+      format("case k$1$: {\n", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true));
+      format.Indent();
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateByteSize(printer);
+      format("break;\n");
+      format.Outdent();
+      format("}\n");
+    }
+    format(
+        "case $1$_NOT_SET: {\n"
+        "  break;\n"
+        "}\n",
+        ToUpper(oneof->name()));
+    format.Outdent();
+    format("}\n");
+  }
+
+  if (num_weak_fields_) {
+    // TagSize + MessageSize
+    format("total_size += _weak_field_map_.ByteSizeLong();\n");
+  }
+
+  format("if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE($have_unknown_fields$)) {\n");
+  if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    // We go out of our way to put the computation of the uncommon path of
+    // unknown fields in tail position. This allows for better code generation
+    // of this function for simple protos.
+    format(
+        "  return ::$proto_ns$::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(\n"
+        "      _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);\n");
+  } else {
+    format("  total_size += $unknown_fields$.size();\n");
+  }
+  format("}\n");
+
+  // We update _cached_size_ even though this is a const method.  Because
+  // const methods might be called concurrently this needs to be atomic
+  // operations or the program is undefined.  In practice, since any concurrent
+  // writes will be writing the exact same value, normal writes will work on
+  // all common processors. We use a dedicated wrapper class to abstract away
+  // the underlying atomic. This makes it easier on platforms where even relaxed
+  // memory order might have perf impact to replace it with ordinary loads and
+  // stores.
+  format(
+      "int cached_size = ::$proto_ns$::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);\n"
+      "SetCachedSize(cached_size);\n"
+      "return total_size;\n");
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateIsInitialized(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("bool $classname$::IsInitialized() const {\n");
+  format.Indent();
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    format(
+        "if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {\n"
+        "  return false;\n"
+        "}\n\n");
+  }
+
+  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Check that all required fields in this message are set.  We can do this
+    // most efficiently by checking 32 "has bits" at a time.
+    const std::vector<uint32> masks = RequiredFieldsBitMask();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < masks.size(); i++) {
+      uint32 mask = masks[i];
+      if (mask == 0) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // TODO(ckennelly): Consider doing something similar to ByteSizeLong(),
+      // where we check all of the required fields in a single branch (assuming
+      // that we aren't going to benefit from early termination).
+      format("if ((_has_bits_[$1$] & 0x$2$) != 0x$2$) return false;\n",
+             i,                                                 // 1
+             StrCat(strings::Hex(mask, strings::ZERO_PAD_8)));  // 2
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Now check that all non-oneof embedded messages are initialized.
+  for (auto field : optimized_order_) {
+    // TODO(ckennelly): Push this down into a generator?
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        !ShouldIgnoreRequiredFieldCheck(field, options_) &&
+        scc_analyzer_->HasRequiredFields(field->message_type())) {
+      if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        if (IsImplicitWeakField(field, options_, scc_analyzer_)) {
+          format(
+              "if "
+              "(!::$proto_ns$::internal::AllAreInitializedWeak($1$_.weak)"
+              ")"
+              " return false;\n",
+              FieldName(field));
+        } else {
+          format(
+              "if (!::$proto_ns$::internal::AllAreInitialized($1$_))"
+              " return false;\n",
+              FieldName(field));
+        }
+      } else if (field->options().weak()) {
+        continue;
+      } else {
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(!field->containing_oneof());
+        format(
+            "if (_internal_has_$1$()) {\n"
+            "  if (!$1$_->IsInitialized()) return false;\n"
+            "}\n",
+            FieldName(field));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (num_weak_fields_) {
+    // For Weak fields.
+    format("if (!_weak_field_map_.IsInitialized()) return false;\n");
+  }
+  // Go through the oneof fields, emitting a switch if any might have required
+  // fields.
+  for (auto oneof : OneOfRange(descriptor_)) {
+    bool has_required_fields = false;
+    for (auto field : FieldRange(oneof)) {
+      if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+          !ShouldIgnoreRequiredFieldCheck(field, options_) &&
+          scc_analyzer_->HasRequiredFields(field->message_type())) {
+        has_required_fields = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!has_required_fields) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    format("switch ($1$_case()) {\n", oneof->name());
+    format.Indent();
+    for (auto field : FieldRange(oneof)) {
+      format("case k$1$: {\n", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true));
+      format.Indent();
+
+      if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+          !ShouldIgnoreRequiredFieldCheck(field, options_) &&
+          scc_analyzer_->HasRequiredFields(field->message_type())) {
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(!(field->options().weak() || !field->containing_oneof()));
+        if (field->options().weak()) {
+          // Just skip.
+        } else {
+          format(
+              "if (has_$1$()) {\n"
+              "  if (!this->$1$().IsInitialized()) return false;\n"
+              "}\n",
+              FieldName(field));
+        }
+      }
+
+      format("break;\n");
+      format.Outdent();
+      format("}\n");
+    }
+    format(
+        "case $1$_NOT_SET: {\n"
+        "  break;\n"
+        "}\n",
+        ToUpper(oneof->name()));
+    format.Outdent();
+    format("}\n");
+  }
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format(
+      "  return true;\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc4febf5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_MESSAGE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_MESSAGE_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_layout_helper.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+class EnumGenerator;       // enum.h
+class ExtensionGenerator;  // extension.h
+
+class MessageGenerator {
+ public:
+  // See generator.cc for the meaning of dllexport_decl.
+  MessageGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                   const std::map<std::string, std::string>& vars,
+                   int index_in_file_messages, const Options& options,
+                   MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer);
+  ~MessageGenerator();
+
+  // Append the two types of nested generators to the corresponding vector.
+  void AddGenerators(
+      std::vector<std::unique_ptr<EnumGenerator>>* enum_generators,
+      std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExtensionGenerator>>* extension_generators);
+
+  // Generate definitions for this class and all its nested types.
+  void GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate definitions of inline methods (placed at the end of the header
+  // file).
+  void GenerateInlineMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Source file stuff.
+
+  // Generate extra fields
+  void GenerateExtraDefaultFields(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generates code that creates default instances for fields.
+  void GenerateFieldDefaultInstances(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generates code that initializes the message's default instance.  This
+  // is separate from allocating because all default instances must be
+  // allocated before any can be initialized.
+  void GenerateDefaultInstanceInitializer(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate all non-inline methods for this class.
+  void GenerateClassMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate source file code that should go outside any namespace.
+  void GenerateSourceInProto2Namespace(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  // Generate declarations and definitions of accessors for fields.
+  void GenerateFieldAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateFieldAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate the table-driven parsing array.  Returns the number of entries
+  // generated.
+  size_t GenerateParseOffsets(io::Printer* printer);
+  size_t GenerateParseAuxTable(io::Printer* printer);
+  // Generates a ParseTable entry.  Returns whether the proto uses
+  // table-driven parsing.
+  bool GenerateParseTable(io::Printer* printer, size_t offset,
+                          size_t aux_offset);
+
+  // Generate the field offsets array.  Returns the a pair of the total numer
+  // of entries generated and the index of the first has_bit entry.
+  std::pair<size_t, size_t> GenerateOffsets(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateSchema(io::Printer* printer, int offset, int has_offset);
+  // For each field generates a table entry describing the field for the
+  // table driven serializer.
+  int GenerateFieldMetadata(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate constructors and destructor.
+  void GenerateStructors(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // The compiler typically generates multiple copies of each constructor and
+  // destructor: http://gcc.gnu.org/bugs.html#nonbugs_cxx
+  // Placing common code in a separate method reduces the generated code size.
+  //
+  // Generate the shared constructor code.
+  void GenerateSharedConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  // Generate the shared destructor code.
+  void GenerateSharedDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  // Generate the arena-specific destructor code.
+  void GenerateArenaDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate standard Message methods.
+  void GenerateClear(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateOneofClear(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizes(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesBody(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateMergeFrom(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateCopyFrom(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateSwap(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateIsInitialized(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Helpers for GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizes().
+  //
+  // cached_has_bit_index maintains that:
+  //   cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[cached_has_bit_index]
+  // for cached_has_bit_index >= 0
+  void GenerateSerializeOneField(io::Printer* printer,
+                                 const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                 int cached_has_bits_index);
+  // Generate a switch statement to serialize 2+ fields from the same oneof.
+  // Or, if fields.size() == 1, just call GenerateSerializeOneField().
+  void GenerateSerializeOneofFields(
+      io::Printer* printer, const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields);
+  void GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(
+      io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range);
+
+  // Generates has_foo() functions and variables for singular field has-bits.
+  void GenerateSingularFieldHasBits(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    Formatter format);
+  // Generates has_foo() functions and variables for oneof field has-bits.
+  void GenerateOneofHasBits(io::Printer* printer);
+  // Generates has_foo_bar() functions for oneof members.
+  void GenerateOneofMemberHasBits(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                  const Formatter& format);
+  // Generates the clear_foo() method for a field.
+  void GenerateFieldClear(const FieldDescriptor* field, bool is_inline,
+                          Formatter format);
+
+  void GenerateConstructorBody(io::Printer* printer,
+                               std::vector<bool> already_processed,
+                               bool copy_constructor) const;
+
+  size_t HasBitsSize() const;
+  std::vector<uint32> RequiredFieldsBitMask() const;
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  int index_in_file_messages_;
+  std::string classname_;
+  Options options_;
+  FieldGeneratorMap field_generators_;
+  // optimized_order_ is the order we layout the message's fields in the
+  // class. This is reused to initialize the fields in-order for cache
+  // efficiency.
+  //
+  // optimized_order_ excludes oneof fields and weak fields.
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> optimized_order_;
+  std::vector<int> has_bit_indices_;
+  int max_has_bit_index_;
+  std::vector<const EnumGenerator*> enum_generators_;
+  std::vector<const ExtensionGenerator*> extension_generators_;
+  int num_required_fields_;
+  int num_weak_fields_;
+  // table_driven_ indicates the generated message uses table-driven parsing.
+  bool table_driven_;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<MessageLayoutHelper> message_layout_helper_;
+
+  MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer_;
+
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+
+  friend class FileGenerator;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_MESSAGE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12c6524b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,785 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+namespace {
+std::string ReinterpretCast(const std::string& type,
+                            const std::string& expression,
+                            bool implicit_weak_field) {
+  if (implicit_weak_field) {
+    return "reinterpret_cast< " + type + " >(" + expression + ")";
+  } else {
+    return expression;
+  }
+}
+
+void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                         const Options& options, bool implicit_weak,
+                         std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, variables, options);
+  (*variables)["type"] = FieldMessageTypeName(descriptor, options);
+  (*variables)["casted_member"] = ReinterpretCast(
+      (*variables)["type"] + "*", (*variables)["name"] + "_", implicit_weak);
+  (*variables)["type_default_instance"] =
+      QualifiedDefaultInstanceName(descriptor->message_type(), options);
+  (*variables)["type_default_instance_ptr"] =
+      QualifiedDefaultInstancePtr(descriptor->message_type(), options);
+  (*variables)["type_reference_function"] =
+      implicit_weak
+          ? ("  " + (*variables)["proto_ns"] + "::internal::StrongReference(" +
+             (*variables)["type_default_instance"] + ");\n")
+          : "";
+  // NOTE: Escaped here to unblock proto1->proto2 migration.
+  // TODO(liujisi): Extend this to apply for other conflicting methods.
+  (*variables)["release_name"] =
+      SafeFunctionName(descriptor->containing_type(), descriptor, "release_");
+  (*variables)["full_name"] = descriptor->full_name();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+MessageFieldGenerator::MessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                             const Options& options,
+                                             MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer)
+    : FieldGenerator(descriptor, options),
+      implicit_weak_field_(
+          IsImplicitWeakField(descriptor, options, scc_analyzer)) {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, options, implicit_weak_field_, &variables_);
+}
+
+MessageFieldGenerator::~MessageFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (implicit_weak_field_) {
+    format("::$proto_ns$::MessageLite* $name$_;\n");
+  } else {
+    format("$type$* $name$_;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateAccessorDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "$deprecated_attr$const $type$& ${1$$name$$}$() const;\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$$type$* ${1$$release_name$$}$();\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$$type$* ${1$mutable_$name$$}$();\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_allocated_$name$$}$"
+      "($type$* $name$);\n"
+      "private:\n"
+      "const $type$& ${1$_internal_$name$$}$() const;\n"
+      "$type$* ${1$_internal_mutable_$name$$}$();\n"
+      "public:\n",
+      descriptor_);
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "$deprecated_attr$void "
+        "${1$unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$$}$(\n"
+        "    $type$* $name$);\n"
+        "$deprecated_attr$$type$* ${1$unsafe_arena_release_$name$$}$();\n",
+        descriptor_);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateNonInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$(\n"
+        "    $type$* $name$) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        // If we're not on an arena, free whatever we were holding before.
+        // (If we are on arena, we can just forget the earlier pointer.)
+        "  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {\n"
+        "    delete $name$_;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  $name$_ = $name$;\n"
+        "  if ($name$) {\n"
+        "    $set_hasbit$\n"
+        "  } else {\n"
+        "    $clear_hasbit$\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated"
+        ":$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "inline const $type$& $classname$::_internal_$name$() const {\n"
+      "$type_reference_function$"
+      "  const $type$* p = $casted_member$;\n"
+      "  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const $type$*>(\n"
+      "      &$type_default_instance$);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline const $type$& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "inline $type$* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+        "  auto temp = unsafe_arena_release_$name$();\n"
+        "  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {\n"
+        "    temp = ::$proto_ns$::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return temp;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline $type$* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n");
+  } else {
+    format("inline $type$* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n");
+  }
+  format(
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:$full_name$)\n"
+      "$type_reference_function$"
+      "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
+      "  $type$* temp = $casted_member$;\n"
+      "  $name$_ = nullptr;\n"
+      "  return temp;\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  format(
+      "inline $type$* $classname$::_internal_mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$type_reference_function$"
+      "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+      "  if ($name$_ == nullptr) {\n"
+      "    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<$type$>(GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
+  if (implicit_weak_field_) {
+    format("    $name$_ = reinterpret_cast<::$proto_ns$::MessageLite*>(p);\n");
+  } else {
+    format("    $name$_ = p;\n");
+  }
+  format(
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return $casted_member$;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline $type$* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_mutable_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  // We handle the most common case inline, and delegate less common cases to
+  // the slow fallback function.
+  format(
+      "inline void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$($type$* $name$) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  ::$proto_ns$::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();\n");
+  format("  if (message_arena == nullptr) {\n");
+  if (IsCrossFileMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "    delete reinterpret_cast< ::$proto_ns$::MessageLite*>($name$_);\n");
+  } else {
+    format("    delete $name$_;\n");
+  }
+  format(
+      "  }\n"
+      "  if ($name$) {\n");
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_->message_type()) &&
+      IsCrossFileMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    // We have to read the arena through the virtual method, because the type
+    // isn't defined in this file.
+    format(
+        "    ::$proto_ns$::Arena* submessage_arena =\n"
+        "      "
+        "reinterpret_cast<::$proto_ns$::MessageLite*>($name$)->GetArena();\n");
+  } else if (!SupportsArenas(descriptor_->message_type())) {
+    format("    ::$proto_ns$::Arena* submessage_arena = nullptr;\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "    ::$proto_ns$::Arena* submessage_arena =\n"
+        "      ::$proto_ns$::Arena::GetArena($name$);\n");
+  }
+  format(
+      "    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {\n"
+      "      $name$ = ::$proto_ns$::internal::GetOwnedMessage(\n"
+      "          message_arena, $name$, submessage_arena);\n"
+      "    }\n"
+      "    $set_hasbit$\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    $clear_hasbit$\n"
+      "  }\n");
+  if (implicit_weak_field_) {
+    format("  $name$_ = reinterpret_cast<MessageLite*>($name$);\n");
+  } else {
+    format("  $name$_ = $name$;\n");
+  }
+  format(
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateInternalAccessorDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (implicit_weak_field_) {
+    format(
+        "static const ::$proto_ns$::MessageLite& $name$("
+        "const $classname$* msg);\n"
+        "static ::$proto_ns$::MessageLite* mutable_$name$("
+        "$classname$* msg);\n");
+  } else {
+    format("static const $type$& $name$(const $classname$* msg);\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateInternalAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // In theory, these accessors could be inline in _Internal. However, in
+  // practice, the linker is then not able to throw them out making implicit
+  // weak dependencies not work at all.
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (implicit_weak_field_) {
+    // These private accessors are used by MergeFrom and
+    // MergePartialFromCodedStream, and their purpose is to provide access to
+    // the field without creating a strong dependency on the message type.
+    format(
+        "const ::$proto_ns$::MessageLite& $classname$::_Internal::$name$(\n"
+        "    const $classname$* msg) {\n"
+        "  if (msg->$name$_ != nullptr) {\n"
+        "    return *msg->$name$_;\n"
+        "  } else if ($type_default_instance_ptr$ != nullptr) {\n"
+        "    return *reinterpret_cast<const ::$proto_ns$::MessageLite*>(\n"
+        "        $type_default_instance_ptr$);\n"
+        "  } else {\n"
+        "    return "
+        "*::$proto_ns$::internal::ImplicitWeakMessage::default_instance();\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n");
+    if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+      format(
+          "::$proto_ns$::MessageLite*\n"
+          "$classname$::_Internal::mutable_$name$($classname$* msg) {\n");
+      if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+        format("  msg->$set_hasbit$\n");
+      }
+      format(
+          "  if (msg->$name$_ == nullptr) {\n"
+          "    if ($type_default_instance_ptr$ == nullptr) {\n"
+          "      msg->$name$_ = ::$proto_ns$::Arena::CreateMessage<\n"
+          "          ::$proto_ns$::internal::ImplicitWeakMessage>(\n"
+          "              msg->GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+          "    } else {\n"
+          "      msg->$name$_ = reinterpret_cast<const "
+          "::$proto_ns$::MessageLite*>(\n"
+          "          $type_default_instance_ptr$)->New("
+          "msg->GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+          "    }\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "  return msg->$name$_;\n"
+          "}\n");
+    } else {
+      format(
+          "::$proto_ns$::MessageLite*\n"
+          "$classname$::_Internal::mutable_$name$($classname$* msg) {\n");
+      if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+        format("  msg->$set_hasbit$\n");
+      }
+      format(
+          "  if (msg->$name$_ == nullptr) {\n"
+          "    if ($type_default_instance_ptr$ == nullptr) {\n"
+          "      msg->$name$_ = "
+          "new ::$proto_ns$::internal::ImplicitWeakMessage;\n"
+          "    } else {\n"
+          "      msg->$name$_ = "
+          "reinterpret_cast<const ::$proto_ns$::MessageLite*>(\n"
+          "          $type_default_instance_ptr$)->New();\n"
+          "    }\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "  return msg->$name$_;\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    // This inline accessor directly returns member field and is used in
+    // Serialize such that AFDO profile correctly captures access information to
+    // message fields under serialize.
+    format(
+        "const $type$&\n"
+        "$classname$::_Internal::$name$(const $classname$* msg) {\n"
+        "  return *msg->$field_member$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (!HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // If we don't have has-bits, message presence is indicated only by ptr !=
+    // NULL. Thus on clear, we need to delete the object.
+    format(
+        "if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr && $name$_ != nullptr) {\n"
+        "  delete $name$_;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "$name$_ = nullptr;\n");
+  } else {
+    format("if ($name$_ != nullptr) $name$_->Clear();\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMessageClearingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (!HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // If we don't have has-bits, message presence is indicated only by ptr !=
+    // NULL. Thus on clear, we need to delete the object.
+    format(
+        "if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr && $name$_ != nullptr) {\n"
+        "  delete $name$_;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "$name$_ = nullptr;\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "$DCHK$($name$_ != nullptr);\n"
+        "$name$_->Clear();\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (implicit_weak_field_) {
+    format(
+        "_Internal::mutable_$name$(this)->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(\n"
+        "    _Internal::$name$(&from));\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "_internal_mutable_$name$()->$type$::MergeFrom(from._internal_$name$())"
+        ";\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("swap($name$_, other->$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    // TODO(gerbens) Remove this when we don't need to destruct default
+    // instances.  In google3 a default instance will never get deleted so we
+    // don't need to worry about that but in opensource protobuf default
+    // instances are deleted in shutdown process and we need to take special
+    // care when handling them.
+    format("if (this != internal_default_instance()) ");
+  }
+  format("delete $name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_ = nullptr;\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateCopyConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "if (from._internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = new $type$(*from.$name$_);\n"
+      "} else {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = nullptr;\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);\n"
+      "target = ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::\n"
+      "  InternalWrite$declared_type$(\n"
+      "    $number$, _Internal::$name$(this), target, stream);\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "total_size += $tag_size$ +\n"
+      "  ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::$declared_type$Size(\n"
+      "    *$field_member$);\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+MessageOneofFieldGenerator::MessageOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options,
+    MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer)
+    : MessageFieldGenerator(descriptor, options, scc_analyzer) {
+  SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+}
+
+MessageOneofFieldGenerator::~MessageOneofFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateNonInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$($type$* $name$) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  ::$proto_ns$::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();\n"
+      "  clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+      "  if ($name$) {\n");
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_->message_type()) &&
+      descriptor_->file() != descriptor_->message_type()->file()) {
+    // We have to read the arena through the virtual method, because the type
+    // isn't defined in this file.
+    format(
+        "    ::$proto_ns$::Arena* submessage_arena =\n"
+        "      "
+        "reinterpret_cast<::$proto_ns$::MessageLite*>($name$)->GetArena();\n");
+  } else if (!SupportsArenas(descriptor_->message_type())) {
+    format("    ::$proto_ns$::Arena* submessage_arena = nullptr;\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "    ::$proto_ns$::Arena* submessage_arena =\n"
+        "      ::$proto_ns$::Arena::GetArena($name$);\n");
+  }
+  format(
+      "    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {\n"
+      "      $name$ = ::$proto_ns$::internal::GetOwnedMessage(\n"
+      "          message_arena, $name$, submessage_arena);\n"
+      "    }\n"
+      "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+      "    $field_member$ = $name$;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "inline $type$* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  if (_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+      "    clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n"
+      "      $type$* temp = $field_member$;\n");
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {\n"
+        "      temp = ::$proto_ns$::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);\n"
+        "    }\n");
+  }
+  format(
+      "    $field_member$ = nullptr;\n"
+      "    return temp;\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    return nullptr;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  format(
+      "inline const $type$& $classname$::_internal_$name$() const {\n"
+      "  return _internal_has_$name$()\n"
+      "      ? *$field_member$\n"
+      "      : *reinterpret_cast< $type$*>(&$type_default_instance$);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline const $type$& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "inline $type$* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release"
+        ":$full_name$)\n"
+        "  if (_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "    $type$* temp = $field_member$;\n"
+        "    $field_member$ = nullptr;\n"
+        "    return temp;\n"
+        "  } else {\n"
+        "    return nullptr;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$"
+        "($type$* $name$) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        // We rely on the oneof clear method to free the earlier contents of
+        // this oneof. We can directly use the pointer we're given to set the
+        // new value.
+        "  clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "  if ($name$) {\n"
+        "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+        "    $field_member$ = $name$;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:"
+        "$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "inline $type$* $classname$::_internal_mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+      "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+      "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+      "    $field_member$ = CreateMaybeMessage< $type$ >(\n"
+      "        GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return $field_member$;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline $type$* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_mutable_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateClearingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {\n"
+        "  delete $field_member$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    format("delete $field_member$;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMessageClearingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  GenerateClearingCode(printer);
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSwappingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Don't print any swapping code. Swapping the union will swap this field.
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateDestructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // We inherit from MessageFieldGenerator, so we need to override the default
+  // behavior.
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Don't print any constructor code. The field is in a union. We allocate
+  // space only when this field is used.
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options,
+    MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer)
+    : FieldGenerator(descriptor, options),
+      implicit_weak_field_(
+          IsImplicitWeakField(descriptor, options, scc_analyzer)) {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, options, implicit_weak_field_, &variables_);
+}
+
+RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::~RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GeneratePrivateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (implicit_weak_field_) {
+    format("::$proto_ns$::WeakRepeatedPtrField< $type$ > $name$_;\n");
+  } else {
+    format("::$proto_ns$::RepeatedPtrField< $type$ > $name$_;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateAccessorDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "$deprecated_attr$$type$* ${1$mutable_$name$$}$(int index);\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$::$proto_ns$::RepeatedPtrField< $type$ >*\n"
+      "    ${1$mutable_$name$$}$();\n"
+      "private:\n"
+      "const $type$& ${1$_internal_$name$$}$(int index) const;\n"
+      "$type$* ${1$_internal_add_$name$$}$();\n"
+      "public:\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$const $type$& ${1$$name$$}$(int index) const;\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$$type$* ${1$add_$name$$}$();\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$const ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedPtrField< $type$ >&\n"
+      "    ${1$$name$$}$() const;\n",
+      descriptor_);
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format.Set("weak", implicit_weak_field_ ? ".weak" : "");
+
+  format(
+      "inline $type$* $classname$::mutable_$name$(int index) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      // TODO(dlj): move insertion points
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
+      "$type_reference_function$"
+      "  return $name$_$weak$.Mutable(index);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedPtrField< $type$ >*\n"
+      "$classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:$full_name$)\n"
+      "$type_reference_function$"
+      "  return &$name$_$weak$;\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  if (options_.safe_boundary_check) {
+    format(
+        "inline const $type$& $classname$::_internal_$name$(int index) const "
+        "{\n"
+        "  return $name$_$weak$.InternalCheckedGet(index,\n"
+        "      *reinterpret_cast<const $type$*>(&$type_default_instance$));\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "inline const $type$& $classname$::_internal_$name$(int index) const "
+        "{\n"
+        "$type_reference_function$"
+        "  return $name$_$weak$.Get(index);\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "inline const $type$& $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_$name$(index);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline $type$* $classname$::_internal_add_$name$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_$weak$.Add();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline $type$* $classname$::add_$name$() {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_add_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  format(
+      "inline const ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedPtrField< $type$ >&\n"
+      "$classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:$full_name$)\n"
+      "$type_reference_function$"
+      "  return $name$_$weak$;\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateClearingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.Clear();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.MergeFrom(from.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSwappingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.InternalSwap(&other->$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Not needed for repeated fields.
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (implicit_weak_field_) {
+    format(
+        "for (auto it = this->$name$_.pointer_begin(),\n"
+        "          end = this->$name$_.pointer_end(); it < end; ++it) {\n"
+        "  target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);\n"
+        "  target = ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::\n"
+        "    InternalWrite$declared_type$($number$, **it, target, stream);\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "for (unsigned int i = 0,\n"
+        "    n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_$name$_size()); i < "
+        "n; i++) "
+        "{\n"
+        "  target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);\n"
+        "  target = ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::\n"
+        "    InternalWrite$declared_type$($number$, "
+        "this->_internal_$name$(i), target, stream);\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateByteSize(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "total_size += $tag_size$UL * this->_internal_$name$_size();\n"
+      "for (const auto& msg : this->$name$_) {\n"
+      "  total_size +=\n"
+      "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::$declared_type$Size(msg);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe5cf13cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+class MessageFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  MessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                        const Options& options,
+                        MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer);
+  ~MessageFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateNonInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInternalAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInternalAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMessageClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateCopyConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ protected:
+  const bool implicit_weak_field_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class MessageOneofFieldGenerator : public MessageFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  MessageOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             const Options& options,
+                             MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer);
+  ~MessageOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateNonInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  // MessageFieldGenerator, from which we inherit, overrides this so we need to
+  // override it as well.
+  void GenerateMessageClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageOneofFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                const Options& options,
+                                MessageSCCAnalyzer* scc_analyzer);
+  ~RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateCopyConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const {}
+  void GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  const bool implicit_weak_field_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_layout_helper.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_layout_helper.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67eeff0ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_layout_helper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: seongkim@google.com (Seong Beom Kim)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_MESSAGE_LAYOUT_HELPER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_MESSAGE_LAYOUT_HELPER_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+// Provides an abstract interface to optimize message layout
+// by rearranging the fields of a message.
+class MessageLayoutHelper {
+ public:
+  virtual ~MessageLayoutHelper() {}
+
+  virtual void OptimizeLayout(std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* fields,
+                              const Options& options) = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_MESSAGE_LAYOUT_HELPER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_move_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_move_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb7cd1c77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_move_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#if LANG_CXX11
+#include <type_traits>
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+// Can't use an anonymous namespace here due to brokenness of Tru64 compiler.
+namespace cpp_unittest {
+
+// Moves are enabled only when compiling with a C++11 compiler or newer.
+#if LANG_CXX11
+
+TEST(MovableMessageTest, MoveConstructor) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message1;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+  const auto* nested = &message1.optional_nested_message();
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message2(std::move(message1));
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+
+  // Check if the optional_nested_message was actually moved (and not just
+  // copied).
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested, &message2.optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_NE(nested, &message1.optional_nested_message());
+}
+
+TEST(MovableMessageTest, MoveAssignmentOperator) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message1;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+  const auto* nested = &message1.optional_nested_message();
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message2;
+  message2 = std::move(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+
+  // Check if the optional_nested_message was actually moved (and not just
+  // copied).
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested, &message2.optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_NE(nested, &message1.optional_nested_message());
+}
+
+TEST(MovableMessageTest, SelfMoveAssignment) {
+  // The `self` reference is necessary to defeat -Wself-move.
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message, &self = message;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+  message = std::move(self);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(MovableMessageTest, MoveSameArena) {
+  Arena arena;
+
+  auto* message1_on_arena =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(message1_on_arena);
+  const auto* nested = &message1_on_arena->optional_nested_message();
+
+  auto* message2_on_arena =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+
+  // Moving messages on the same arena should lead to swapped pointers.
+  *message2_on_arena = std::move(*message1_on_arena);
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested, &message2_on_arena->optional_nested_message());
+}
+
+TEST(MovableMessageTest, MoveDifferentArenas) {
+  Arena arena1, arena2;
+
+  auto* message1_on_arena =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(message1_on_arena);
+  const auto* nested = &message1_on_arena->optional_nested_message();
+
+  auto* message2_on_arena =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes>(&arena2);
+
+  // Moving messages on two different arenas should lead to a copy.
+  *message2_on_arena = std::move(*message1_on_arena);
+  EXPECT_NE(nested, &message2_on_arena->optional_nested_message());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*message1_on_arena);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*message2_on_arena);
+}
+
+TEST(MovableMessageTest, MoveFromArena) {
+  Arena arena;
+
+  auto* message1_on_arena =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(message1_on_arena);
+  const auto* nested = &message1_on_arena->optional_nested_message();
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message2;
+
+  // Moving from a message on the arena should lead to a copy.
+  message2 = std::move(*message1_on_arena);
+  EXPECT_NE(nested, &message2.optional_nested_message());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*message1_on_arena);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(MovableMessageTest, MoveToArena) {
+  Arena arena;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message1;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+  const auto* nested = &message1.optional_nested_message();
+
+  auto* message2_on_arena =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+
+  // Moving to a message on the arena should lead to a copy.
+  *message2_on_arena = std::move(message1);
+  EXPECT_NE(nested, &message2_on_arena->optional_nested_message());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*message2_on_arena);
+}
+
+TEST(MovableMessageTest, Noexcept) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes>());
+}
+
+#endif  // LANG_CXX11
+
+}  // namespace cpp_unittest
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8fe3a7ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: rennie@google.com (Jeffrey Rennie)
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_OPTIONS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_OPTIONS_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+class AccessInfoMap;
+
+namespace cpp {
+
+enum class EnforceOptimizeMode {
+  kNoEnforcement,  // Use the runtime specified by the file specific options.
+  kSpeed,          // This is the full runtime.
+  kLiteRuntime,
+};
+
+// Generator options (see generator.cc for a description of each):
+struct Options {
+  std::string dllexport_decl;
+  bool safe_boundary_check = false;
+  bool proto_h = false;
+  bool transitive_pb_h = true;
+  bool annotate_headers = false;
+  EnforceOptimizeMode enforce_mode = EnforceOptimizeMode::kNoEnforcement;
+  bool table_driven_parsing = false;
+  bool table_driven_serialization = false;
+  bool lite_implicit_weak_fields = false;
+  bool bootstrap = false;
+  bool opensource_runtime = false;
+  bool annotate_accessor = false;
+  std::string runtime_include_base;
+  int num_cc_files = 0;
+  std::string annotation_pragma_name;
+  std::string annotation_guard_name;
+  const AccessInfoMap* access_info_map = nullptr;
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_OPTIONS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_padding_optimizer.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_padding_optimizer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f78bda52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_padding_optimizer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_padding_optimizer.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+namespace {
+
+// FieldGroup is just a helper for PaddingOptimizer below. It holds a vector of
+// fields that are grouped together because they have compatible alignment, and
+// a preferred location in the final field ordering.
+class FieldGroup {
+ public:
+  FieldGroup() : preferred_location_(0) {}
+
+  // A group with a single field.
+  FieldGroup(float preferred_location, const FieldDescriptor* field)
+      : preferred_location_(preferred_location), fields_(1, field) {}
+
+  // Append the fields in 'other' to this group.
+  void Append(const FieldGroup& other) {
+    if (other.fields_.empty()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // Preferred location is the average among all the fields, so we weight by
+    // the number of fields on each FieldGroup object.
+    preferred_location_ = (preferred_location_ * fields_.size() +
+                           (other.preferred_location_ * other.fields_.size())) /
+                          (fields_.size() + other.fields_.size());
+    fields_.insert(fields_.end(), other.fields_.begin(), other.fields_.end());
+  }
+
+  void SetPreferredLocation(float location) { preferred_location_ = location; }
+  const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields() const { return fields_; }
+
+  // FieldGroup objects sort by their preferred location.
+  bool operator<(const FieldGroup& other) const {
+    return preferred_location_ < other.preferred_location_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // "preferred_location_" is an estimate of where this group should go in the
+  // final list of fields.  We compute this by taking the average index of each
+  // field in this group in the original ordering of fields.  This is very
+  // approximate, but should put this group close to where its member fields
+  // originally went.
+  float preferred_location_;
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields_;
+  // We rely on the default copy constructor and operator= so this type can be
+  // used in a vector.
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Reorder 'fields' so that if the fields are output into a c++ class in the new
+// order, fields of similar family (see below) are together and within each
+// family, alignment padding is minimized.
+//
+// We try to do this while keeping each field as close as possible to its field
+// number order so that we don't reduce cache locality much for function that
+// access each field in order.  Originally, OptimizePadding used declaration
+// order for its decisions, but generated code minus the serializer/parsers uses
+// the output of OptimizePadding as well (stored in
+// MessageGenerator::optimized_order_).  Since the serializers use field number
+// order, we use that as a tie-breaker.
+//
+// We classify each field into a particular "family" of fields, that we perform
+// the same operation on in our generated functions.
+//
+// REPEATED is placed first, as the C++ compiler automatically initializes
+// these fields in layout order.
+//
+// STRING is grouped next, as our Clear/SharedCtor/SharedDtor walks it and
+// calls ArenaStringPtr::Destroy on each.
+//
+// LAZY_MESSAGE is grouped next, as it interferes with the ability to memset
+// non-repeated fields otherwise.
+//
+// MESSAGE is grouped next, as our Clear/SharedDtor code walks it and calls
+// delete on each.  We initialize these fields with a NULL pointer (see
+// MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode), which allows them to be
+// memset.
+//
+// ZERO_INITIALIZABLE is memset in Clear/SharedCtor
+//
+// OTHER these fields are initialized one-by-one.
+void PaddingOptimizer::OptimizeLayout(
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* fields, const Options& options) {
+  // The sorted numeric order of Family determines the declaration order in the
+  // memory layout.
+  enum Family {
+    REPEATED = 0,
+    STRING = 1,
+    // Laying out LAZY_MESSAGE before MESSAGE allows a single memset to zero
+    // MESSAGE and ZERO_INITIALIZABLE fields together.
+    LAZY_MESSAGE = 2,
+    MESSAGE = 3,
+    ZERO_INITIALIZABLE = 4,
+    OTHER = 5,
+    kMaxFamily
+  };
+
+  // First divide fields into those that align to 1 byte, 4 bytes or 8 bytes.
+  std::vector<FieldGroup> aligned_to_1[kMaxFamily];
+  std::vector<FieldGroup> aligned_to_4[kMaxFamily];
+  std::vector<FieldGroup> aligned_to_8[kMaxFamily];
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields->size(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = (*fields)[i];
+
+    Family f = OTHER;
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      f = REPEATED;
+    } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING) {
+      f = STRING;
+    } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      f = MESSAGE;
+      if (IsLazy(field, options)) {
+        f = LAZY_MESSAGE;
+      }
+    } else if (CanInitializeByZeroing(field)) {
+      f = ZERO_INITIALIZABLE;
+    }
+
+    const int j = field->number();
+    switch (EstimateAlignmentSize(field)) {
+      case 1:
+        aligned_to_1[f].push_back(FieldGroup(j, field));
+        break;
+      case 4:
+        aligned_to_4[f].push_back(FieldGroup(j, field));
+        break;
+      case 8:
+        aligned_to_8[f].push_back(FieldGroup(j, field));
+        break;
+      default:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown alignment size " << EstimateAlignmentSize(field)
+                   << "for a field " << field->full_name() << ".";
+    }
+  }
+
+  // For each family, group fields to optimize padding.
+  for (int f = 0; f < kMaxFamily; f++) {
+    // Now group fields aligned to 1 byte into sets of 4, and treat those like a
+    // single field aligned to 4 bytes.
+    for (int i = 0; i < aligned_to_1[f].size(); i += 4) {
+      FieldGroup field_group;
+      for (int j = i; j < aligned_to_1[f].size() && j < i + 4; ++j) {
+        field_group.Append(aligned_to_1[f][j]);
+      }
+      aligned_to_4[f].push_back(field_group);
+    }
+    // Sort by preferred location to keep fields as close to their field number
+    // order as possible.  Using stable_sort ensures that the output is
+    // consistent across runs.
+    std::stable_sort(aligned_to_4[f].begin(), aligned_to_4[f].end());
+
+    // Now group fields aligned to 4 bytes (or the 4-field groups created above)
+    // into pairs, and treat those like a single field aligned to 8 bytes.
+    for (int i = 0; i < aligned_to_4[f].size(); i += 2) {
+      FieldGroup field_group;
+      for (int j = i; j < aligned_to_4[f].size() && j < i + 2; ++j) {
+        field_group.Append(aligned_to_4[f][j]);
+      }
+      if (i == aligned_to_4[f].size() - 1) {
+        if (f == OTHER) {
+          // Move incomplete 4-byte block to the beginning.  This is done to
+          // pair with the (possible) leftover blocks from the
+          // ZERO_INITIALIZABLE family.
+          field_group.SetPreferredLocation(-1);
+        } else {
+          // Move incomplete 4-byte block to the end.
+          field_group.SetPreferredLocation(fields->size() + 1);
+        }
+      }
+      aligned_to_8[f].push_back(field_group);
+    }
+    // Sort by preferred location.
+    std::stable_sort(aligned_to_8[f].begin(), aligned_to_8[f].end());
+  }
+
+  // Now pull out all the FieldDescriptors in order.
+  fields->clear();
+  for (int f = 0; f < kMaxFamily; ++f) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < aligned_to_8[f].size(); ++i) {
+      fields->insert(fields->end(), aligned_to_8[f][i].fields().begin(),
+                     aligned_to_8[f][i].fields().end());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_padding_optimizer.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_padding_optimizer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2382081ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_padding_optimizer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: seongkim@google.com (Seong Beom Kim)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_PADDING_OPTIMIZER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_PADDING_OPTIMIZER_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_layout_helper.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+// Rearranges the fields of a message to minimize padding.
+// Fields are grouped by the type and the size.
+// For example, grouping four boolean fields and one int32
+// field results in zero padding overhead. See OptimizeLayout's
+// comment for details.
+class PaddingOptimizer : public MessageLayoutHelper {
+ public:
+  PaddingOptimizer() {}
+  ~PaddingOptimizer() override {}
+
+  void OptimizeLayout(std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* fields,
+                      const Options& options) override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_PADDING_OPTIMIZER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_plugin_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_plugin_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10e468b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_plugin_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// TODO(kenton):  Share code with the versions of this test in other languages?
+//   It seemed like parameterizing it would add more complexity than it is
+//   worth.
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+namespace {
+
+class TestGenerator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  TestGenerator() {}
+  ~TestGenerator() {}
+
+  virtual bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                        const std::string& parameter, GeneratorContext* context,
+                        std::string* error) const {
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "includes", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "namespace_scope", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "global_scope", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "class_scope:foo.Bar", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "class_scope:foo.Bar.Baz", context);
+
+    TryInsert("test.pb.cc", "includes", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.cc", "namespace_scope", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.cc", "global_scope", context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for an optional int32:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.optInt", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set:foo.Bar.optInt", context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for a repeated int32:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.repeatedInt", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set:foo.Bar.repeatedInt", context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for a required string:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.requiredString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set:foo.Bar.requiredString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_char:foo.Bar.requiredString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_pointer:foo.Bar.requiredString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_mutable:foo.Bar.requiredString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_allocated:foo.Bar.requiredString",
+              context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_char:foo.Bar.requiredString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_pointer:foo.Bar.requiredString", context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for a repeated string:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.repeatedString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set:foo.Bar.repeatedString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_char:foo.Bar.repeatedString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_pointer:foo.Bar.repeatedString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_mutable:foo.Bar.repeatedString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_char:foo.Bar.repeatedString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_pointer:foo.Bar.repeatedString", context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for an int inside oneof{}:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.oneOfInt", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set:foo.Bar.oneOfInt", context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for a string inside oneof{}:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.oneOfString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set:foo.Bar.oneOfString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_char:foo.Bar.oneOfString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_pointer:foo.Bar.oneOfString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_mutable:foo.Bar.oneOfString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_allocated:foo.Bar.oneOfString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_char:foo.Bar.oneOfString", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_pointer:foo.Bar.oneOfString", context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for an optional message:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.optMessage", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_mutable:foo.Bar.optMessage", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set_allocated:foo.Bar.optMessage", context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for a repeated message:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_add:foo.Bar.repeatedMessage", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.repeatedMessage", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_list:foo.Bar.repeatedMessage", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_mutable:foo.Bar.repeatedMessage", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_mutable_list:foo.Bar.repeatedMessage",
+              context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for a message inside oneof{}:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.oneOfMessage", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_mutable:foo.Bar.oneOfMessage", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.cc", "field_set_allocated:foo.Bar.oneOfMessage",
+              context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for an optional enum:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.optEnum", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set:foo.Bar.optEnum", context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for a repeated enum:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.repeatedEnum", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set:foo.Bar.repeatedEnum", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_add:foo.Bar.repeatedEnum", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_list:foo.Bar.repeatedEnum", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_mutable_list:foo.Bar.repeatedEnum", context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for an enum inside oneof{}:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.oneOfEnum", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set:foo.Bar.oneOfEnum", context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for a required cord:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.requiredCord", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set:foo.Bar.requiredCord", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_mutable:foo.Bar.requiredCord", context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for a repeated cord:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.repeatedCord", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set:foo.Bar.repeatedCord", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_add:foo.Bar.repeatedCord", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_list:foo.Bar.repeatedCord", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_mutable:foo.Bar.repeatedCord", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_mutable_list:foo.Bar.repeatedCord", context);
+
+    // Check field accessors for a cord inside oneof{}:
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_get:foo.Bar.oneOfCord", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_set:foo.Bar.oneOfCord", context);
+    TryInsert("test.pb.h", "field_mutable:foo.Bar.oneOfCord", context);
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void TryInsert(const std::string& filename,
+                 const std::string& insertion_point,
+                 GeneratorContext* context) const {
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+        context->OpenForInsert(filename, insertion_point));
+    io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+    printer.Print("// inserted $name$\n", "name", insertion_point);
+  }
+};
+
+// This test verifies that all the expected insertion points exist.  It does
+// not verify that they are correctly-placed; that would require actually
+// compiling the output which is a bit more than I care to do for this test.
+TEST(CppPluginTest, PluginTest) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::SetContents(TestTempDir() + "/test.proto",
+                             "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                             "package foo;\n"
+                             "\n"
+                             "enum Thud { VALUE = 0; }\n"
+                             "\n"
+                             "message Bar {\n"
+                             "  message Baz {}\n"
+                             "  optional int32 optInt = 1;\n"
+                             "  repeated int32 repeatedInt = 2;\n"
+                             "\n"
+                             "  required string requiredString = 3;\n"
+                             "  repeated string repeatedString = 4;\n"
+                             "\n"
+                             "  optional Baz optMessage = 6;\n"
+                             "  repeated Baz repeatedMessage = 7;\n"
+                             "\n"
+                             "  optional Thud optEnum = 8;\n"
+                             "  repeated Thud repeatedEnum = 9;\n"
+                             "\n"
+                             "  required string requiredCord = 10 [\n"
+                             "    ctype = CORD\n"
+                             "  ];\n"
+                             "  repeated string repeatedCord = 11 [\n"
+                             "    ctype = CORD\n"
+                             "  ];\n"
+                             "\n"
+                             "  oneof Qux {\n"
+                             "    int64 oneOfInt = 20;\n"
+                             "    string oneOfString = 21;\n"
+                             "    Baz oneOfMessage = 22;\n"
+                             "    Thud oneOfEnum = 23;"
+                             "    string oneOfCord = 24 [\n"
+                             "      ctype = CORD\n"
+                             "    ];\n"
+                             "  }\n"
+                             "}\n",
+                             true));
+
+  CommandLineInterface cli;
+  cli.SetInputsAreProtoPathRelative(true);
+
+  CppGenerator cpp_generator;
+  TestGenerator test_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--cpp_out", &cpp_generator, "");
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--test_out", &test_generator, "");
+
+  std::string proto_path = "-I" + TestTempDir();
+  std::string cpp_out = "--cpp_out=" + TestTempDir();
+  std::string test_out = "--test_out=" + TestTempDir();
+
+  const char* argv[] = {"protoc", proto_path.c_str(), cpp_out.c_str(),
+                        test_out.c_str(), "test.proto"};
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, cli.Run(5, argv));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..042776c2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+namespace {
+
+// For encodings with fixed sizes, returns that size in bytes.  Otherwise
+// returns -1.
+int FixedSize(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return WireFormatLite::kFixed32Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return WireFormatLite::kFixed64Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return WireFormatLite::kSFixed32Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return WireFormatLite::kSFixed64Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return WireFormatLite::kFloatSize;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return WireFormatLite::kDoubleSize;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return WireFormatLite::kBoolSize;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return -1;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return -1;
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // types are added.
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return -1;
+}
+
+void SetPrimitiveVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                           std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables,
+                           const Options& options) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, variables, options);
+  (*variables)["type"] = PrimitiveTypeName(options, descriptor->cpp_type());
+  (*variables)["default"] = DefaultValue(options, descriptor);
+  (*variables)["tag"] = StrCat(internal::WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor));
+  int fixed_size = FixedSize(descriptor->type());
+  if (fixed_size != -1) {
+    (*variables)["fixed_size"] = StrCat(fixed_size);
+  }
+  (*variables)["wire_format_field_type"] = FieldDescriptorProto_Type_Name(
+      static_cast<FieldDescriptorProto_Type>(descriptor->type()));
+  (*variables)["full_name"] = descriptor->full_name();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+PrimitiveFieldGenerator::PrimitiveFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options)
+    : FieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, &variables_, options);
+}
+
+PrimitiveFieldGenerator::~PrimitiveFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GeneratePrivateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$type$ $name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateAccessorDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "$deprecated_attr$$type$ ${1$$name$$}$() const;\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_$name$$}$($type$ value);\n"
+      "private:\n"
+      "$type$ ${1$_internal_$name$$}$() const;\n"
+      "void ${1$_internal_set_$name$$}$($type$ value);\n"
+      "public:\n",
+      descriptor_);
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "inline $type$ $classname$::_internal_$name$() const {\n"
+      "  return $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::_internal_set_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+      "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+      "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  _internal_set_$name$(value);\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_ = $default$;\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("_internal_set_$name$(from._internal_$name$());\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("swap($name$_, other->$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_ = $default$;\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateCopyConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_ = from.$name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);\n"
+      "target = "
+      "::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::Write$declared_type$ToArray("
+      "$number$, this->_internal_$name$(), target);\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  int fixed_size = FixedSize(descriptor_->type());
+  if (fixed_size == -1) {
+    format(
+        "total_size += $tag_size$ +\n"
+        "  ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::$declared_type$Size(\n"
+        "    this->_internal_$name$());\n");
+  } else {
+    format("total_size += $tag_size$ + $fixed_size$;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options)
+    : PrimitiveFieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+}
+
+PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::~PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "inline $type$ $classname$::_internal_$name$() const {\n"
+      "  if (_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+      "    return $field_member$;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return $default$;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::_internal_set_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+      "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+      "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+      "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  $field_member$ = value;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  _internal_set_$name$(value);\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateClearingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$field_member$ = $default$;\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSwappingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Don't print any swapping code. Swapping the union will swap this field.
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$ns$::_$classname$_default_instance_.$name$_ = $default$;\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options)
+    : FieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, &variables_, options);
+
+  if (descriptor->is_packed()) {
+    variables_["packed_reader"] = "ReadPackedPrimitive";
+    variables_["repeated_reader"] = "ReadRepeatedPrimitiveNoInline";
+  } else {
+    variables_["packed_reader"] = "ReadPackedPrimitiveNoInline";
+    variables_["repeated_reader"] = "ReadRepeatedPrimitive";
+  }
+}
+
+RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::~RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GeneratePrivateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField< $type$ > $name$_;\n");
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed() &&
+      HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
+    format("mutable std::atomic<int> _$name$_cached_byte_size_;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateAccessorDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "private:\n"
+      "$type$ ${1$_internal_$name$$}$(int index) const;\n"
+      "const ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField< $type$ >&\n"
+      "    ${1$_internal_$name$$}$() const;\n"
+      "void ${1$_internal_add_$name$$}$($type$ value);\n"
+      "::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField< $type$ >*\n"
+      "    ${1$_internal_mutable_$name$$}$();\n"
+      "public:\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$$type$ ${1$$name$$}$(int index) const;\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_$name$$}$(int index, $type$ value);\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$add_$name$$}$($type$ value);\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$const ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField< $type$ >&\n"
+      "    ${1$$name$$}$() const;\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField< $type$ >*\n"
+      "    ${1$mutable_$name$$}$();\n",
+      descriptor_);
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "inline $type$ $classname$::_internal_$name$(int index) const {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.Get(index);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline $type$ $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_$name$(index);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  $name$_.Set(index, value);\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::_internal_add_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+      "  $name$_.Add(value);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::add_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  _internal_add_$name$(value);\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline const ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField< $type$ >&\n"
+      "$classname$::_internal_$name$() const {\n"
+      "  return $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline const ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField< $type$ >&\n"
+      "$classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField< $type$ >*\n"
+      "$classname$::_internal_mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "  return &$name$_;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedField< $type$ >*\n"
+      "$classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_mutable_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateClearingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.Clear();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.MergeFrom(from.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSwappingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.InternalSwap(&other->$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Not needed for repeated fields.
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateCopyConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.CopyFrom(from.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+    if (FixedSize(descriptor_->type()) > 0) {
+      format(
+          "if (this->_internal_$name$_size() > 0) {\n"
+          "  target = stream->WriteFixedPacked($number$, _internal_$name$(), "
+          "target);\n"
+          "}\n");
+    } else {
+      format(
+          "{\n"
+          "  int byte_size = "
+          "_$name$_cached_byte_size_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);\n"
+          "  if (byte_size > 0) {\n"
+          "    target = stream->Write$declared_type$Packed(\n"
+          "        $number$, _internal_$name$(), byte_size, target);\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "for (int i = 0, n = this->_internal_$name$_size(); i < n; i++) {\n"
+        "  target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);\n"
+        "  target = ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::"
+        "Write$declared_type$ToArray($number$, this->_internal_$name$(i), "
+        "target);\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateByteSize(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("{\n");
+  format.Indent();
+  int fixed_size = FixedSize(descriptor_->type());
+  if (fixed_size == -1) {
+    format(
+        "size_t data_size = ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::\n"
+        "  $declared_type$Size(this->$name$_);\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "unsigned int count = static_cast<unsigned "
+        "int>(this->_internal_$name$_size());\n"
+        "size_t data_size = $fixed_size$UL * count;\n");
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+    format(
+        "if (data_size > 0) {\n"
+        "  total_size += $tag_size$ +\n"
+        "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(\n"
+        "        static_cast<$int32$>(data_size));\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "int cached_size = ::$proto_ns$::internal::ToCachedSize(data_size);\n"
+        "_$name$_cached_byte_size_.store(cached_size,\n"
+        "                                std::memory_order_relaxed);\n"
+        "total_size += data_size;\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "total_size += $tag_size$ *\n"
+        "              "
+        "::$proto_ns$::internal::FromIntSize(this->_internal_$name$_size());\n"
+        "total_size += data_size;\n");
+  }
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe54ce332
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+class PrimitiveFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  PrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                          const Options& options);
+  ~PrimitiveFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateCopyConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(PrimitiveFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator : public PrimitiveFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                               const Options& options);
+  ~PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                  const Options& options);
+  ~RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateCopyConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..994e653e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+namespace {
+
+void InitMethodVariables(const MethodDescriptor* method, const Options& options,
+                         Formatter* format) {
+  format->Set("name", method->name());
+  format->Set("input_type", QualifiedClassName(method->input_type(), options));
+  format->Set("output_type",
+              QualifiedClassName(method->output_type(), options));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ServiceGenerator::ServiceGenerator(
+    const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor,
+    const std::map<std::string, std::string>& vars, const Options& options)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), vars_(vars), options_(options) {
+  vars_["classname"] = descriptor_->name();
+  vars_["full_name"] = descriptor_->full_name();
+}
+
+ServiceGenerator::~ServiceGenerator() {}
+
+void ServiceGenerator::GenerateDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, vars_);
+  // Forward-declare the stub type.
+  format(
+      "class $classname$_Stub;\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  GenerateInterface(printer);
+  GenerateStubDefinition(printer);
+}
+
+void ServiceGenerator::GenerateInterface(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, vars_);
+  format(
+      "class $dllexport_decl $$classname$ : public ::$proto_ns$::Service {\n"
+      " protected:\n"
+      "  // This class should be treated as an abstract interface.\n"
+      "  inline $classname$() {};\n"
+      " public:\n"
+      "  virtual ~$classname$();\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  format(
+      "\n"
+      "typedef $classname$_Stub Stub;\n"
+      "\n"
+      "static const ::$proto_ns$::ServiceDescriptor* descriptor();\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  GenerateMethodSignatures(VIRTUAL, printer);
+
+  format(
+      "\n"
+      "// implements Service ----------------------------------------------\n"
+      "\n"
+      "const ::$proto_ns$::ServiceDescriptor* GetDescriptor();\n"
+      "void CallMethod(const ::$proto_ns$::MethodDescriptor* method,\n"
+      "                ::$proto_ns$::RpcController* controller,\n"
+      "                const ::$proto_ns$::Message* request,\n"
+      "                ::$proto_ns$::Message* response,\n"
+      "                ::google::protobuf::Closure* done);\n"
+      "const ::$proto_ns$::Message& GetRequestPrototype(\n"
+      "  const ::$proto_ns$::MethodDescriptor* method) const;\n"
+      "const ::$proto_ns$::Message& GetResponsePrototype(\n"
+      "  const ::$proto_ns$::MethodDescriptor* method) const;\n");
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  format(
+      "\n"
+      " private:\n"
+      "  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS($classname$);\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void ServiceGenerator::GenerateStubDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, vars_);
+  format(
+      "class $dllexport_decl $$classname$_Stub : public $classname$ {\n"
+      " public:\n");
+
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  format(
+      "$classname$_Stub(::$proto_ns$::RpcChannel* channel);\n"
+      "$classname$_Stub(::$proto_ns$::RpcChannel* channel,\n"
+      "                 ::$proto_ns$::Service::ChannelOwnership ownership);\n"
+      "~$classname$_Stub();\n"
+      "\n"
+      "inline ::$proto_ns$::RpcChannel* channel() { return channel_; }\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// implements $classname$ ------------------------------------------\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  GenerateMethodSignatures(NON_VIRTUAL, printer);
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  format(
+      " private:\n"
+      "  ::$proto_ns$::RpcChannel* channel_;\n"
+      "  bool owns_channel_;\n"
+      "  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS($classname$_Stub);\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void ServiceGenerator::GenerateMethodSignatures(VirtualOrNon virtual_or_non,
+                                                io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->method_count(); i++) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = descriptor_->method(i);
+    Formatter format(printer, vars_);
+    InitMethodVariables(method, options_, &format);
+    format.Set("virtual", virtual_or_non == VIRTUAL ? "virtual " : "");
+    format(
+        "$virtual$void $name$(::$proto_ns$::RpcController* controller,\n"
+        "                     const $input_type$* request,\n"
+        "                     $output_type$* response,\n"
+        "                     ::google::protobuf::Closure* done);\n");
+  }
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ServiceGenerator::GenerateImplementation(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, vars_);
+  format(
+      "$classname$::~$classname$() {}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "const ::$proto_ns$::ServiceDescriptor* $classname$::descriptor() {\n"
+      "  "
+      "::$proto_ns$::internal::AssignDescriptors(&$desc_table$);\n"
+      "  return $file_level_service_descriptors$[$1$];\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "const ::$proto_ns$::ServiceDescriptor* $classname$::GetDescriptor() {\n"
+      "  return descriptor();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      index_in_metadata_);
+
+  // Generate methods of the interface.
+  GenerateNotImplementedMethods(printer);
+  GenerateCallMethod(printer);
+  GenerateGetPrototype(REQUEST, printer);
+  GenerateGetPrototype(RESPONSE, printer);
+
+  // Generate stub implementation.
+  format(
+      "$classname$_Stub::$classname$_Stub(::$proto_ns$::RpcChannel* channel)\n"
+      "  : channel_(channel), owns_channel_(false) {}\n"
+      "$classname$_Stub::$classname$_Stub(\n"
+      "    ::$proto_ns$::RpcChannel* channel,\n"
+      "    ::$proto_ns$::Service::ChannelOwnership ownership)\n"
+      "  : channel_(channel),\n"
+      "    owns_channel_(ownership == "
+      "::$proto_ns$::Service::STUB_OWNS_CHANNEL) "
+      "{}\n"
+      "$classname$_Stub::~$classname$_Stub() {\n"
+      "  if (owns_channel_) delete channel_;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  GenerateStubMethods(printer);
+}
+
+void ServiceGenerator::GenerateNotImplementedMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->method_count(); i++) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = descriptor_->method(i);
+    Formatter format(printer, vars_);
+    InitMethodVariables(method, options_, &format);
+    format(
+        "void $classname$::$name$(::$proto_ns$::RpcController* controller,\n"
+        "                         const $input_type$*,\n"
+        "                         $output_type$*,\n"
+        "                         ::google::protobuf::Closure* done) {\n"
+        "  controller->SetFailed(\"Method $name$() not implemented.\");\n"
+        "  done->Run();\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ServiceGenerator::GenerateCallMethod(io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, vars_);
+  format(
+      "void $classname$::CallMethod(const ::$proto_ns$::MethodDescriptor* "
+      "method,\n"
+      "                             ::$proto_ns$::RpcController* controller,\n"
+      "                             const ::$proto_ns$::Message* request,\n"
+      "                             ::$proto_ns$::Message* response,\n"
+      "                             ::google::protobuf::Closure* done) {\n"
+      "  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(method->service(), $file_level_service_descriptors$[$1$]);\n"
+      "  switch(method->index()) {\n",
+      index_in_metadata_);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->method_count(); i++) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = descriptor_->method(i);
+    Formatter format(printer, vars_);
+    InitMethodVariables(method, options_, &format);
+
+    // Note:  down_cast does not work here because it only works on pointers,
+    //   not references.
+    format(
+        "    case $1$:\n"
+        "      $name$(controller,\n"
+        "             ::$proto_ns$::internal::DownCast<const $input_type$*>(\n"
+        "                 request),\n"
+        "             ::$proto_ns$::internal::DownCast<$output_type$*>(\n"
+        "                 response),\n"
+        "             done);\n"
+        "      break;\n",
+        i);
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "    default:\n"
+      "      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << \"Bad method index; this should never happen.\";\n"
+      "      break;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void ServiceGenerator::GenerateGetPrototype(RequestOrResponse which,
+                                            io::Printer* printer) {
+  Formatter format(printer, vars_);
+  if (which == REQUEST) {
+    format("const ::$proto_ns$::Message& $classname$::GetRequestPrototype(\n");
+  } else {
+    format("const ::$proto_ns$::Message& $classname$::GetResponsePrototype(\n");
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "    const ::$proto_ns$::MethodDescriptor* method) const {\n"
+      "  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(method->service(), descriptor());\n"
+      "  switch(method->index()) {\n");
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->method_count(); i++) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = descriptor_->method(i);
+    const Descriptor* type =
+        (which == REQUEST) ? method->input_type() : method->output_type();
+
+    format(
+        "    case $1$:\n"
+        "      return $2$::default_instance();\n",
+        i, QualifiedClassName(type, options_));
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "    default:\n"
+      "      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << \"Bad method index; this should never happen.\";\n"
+      "      return *::$proto_ns$::MessageFactory::generated_factory()\n"
+      "          ->GetPrototype(method->$1$_type());\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      which == REQUEST ? "input" : "output");
+}
+
+void ServiceGenerator::GenerateStubMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->method_count(); i++) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = descriptor_->method(i);
+    Formatter format(printer, vars_);
+    InitMethodVariables(method, options_, &format);
+    format(
+        "void $classname$_Stub::$name$(::$proto_ns$::RpcController* "
+        "controller,\n"
+        "                              const $input_type$* request,\n"
+        "                              $output_type$* response,\n"
+        "                              ::google::protobuf::Closure* done) {\n"
+        "  channel_->CallMethod(descriptor()->method($1$),\n"
+        "                       controller, request, response, done);\n"
+        "}\n",
+        i);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63c7ca44f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.h
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_SERVICE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_SERVICE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+class ServiceGenerator {
+ public:
+  // See generator.cc for the meaning of dllexport_decl.
+  explicit ServiceGenerator(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor,
+                            const std::map<std::string, std::string>& vars,
+                            const Options& options);
+  ~ServiceGenerator();
+
+  // Header stuff.
+
+  // Generate the class definitions for the service's interface and the
+  // stub implementation.
+  void GenerateDeclarations(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Source file stuff.
+
+  // Generate implementations of everything declared by
+  // GenerateDeclarations().
+  void GenerateImplementation(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  enum RequestOrResponse { REQUEST, RESPONSE };
+  enum VirtualOrNon { VIRTUAL, NON_VIRTUAL };
+
+  // Header stuff.
+
+  // Generate the service abstract interface.
+  void GenerateInterface(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate the stub class definition.
+  void GenerateStubDefinition(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Prints signatures for all methods in the
+  void GenerateMethodSignatures(VirtualOrNon virtual_or_non,
+                                io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Source file stuff.
+
+  // Generate the default implementations of the service methods, which
+  // produce a "not implemented" error.
+  void GenerateNotImplementedMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate the CallMethod() method of the service.
+  void GenerateCallMethod(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate the Get{Request,Response}Prototype() methods.
+  void GenerateGetPrototype(RequestOrResponse which, io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate the stub's implementations of the service methods.
+  void GenerateStubMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars_;
+  const Options& options_;
+
+  int index_in_metadata_;
+
+  friend class FileGenerator;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ServiceGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_SERVICE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..847f76c21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1209 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetStringVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                        std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables,
+                        const Options& options) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, variables, options);
+  (*variables)["default"] = DefaultValue(options, descriptor);
+  (*variables)["default_length"] =
+      StrCat(descriptor->default_value_string().length());
+  std::string default_variable_string = MakeDefaultName(descriptor);
+  (*variables)["default_variable_name"] = default_variable_string;
+  (*variables)["default_variable"] =
+      descriptor->default_value_string().empty()
+          ? "&::" + (*variables)["proto_ns"] +
+                "::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()"
+          : "&" + QualifiedClassName(descriptor->containing_type(), options) +
+                "::" + default_variable_string + ".get()";
+  (*variables)["pointer_type"] =
+      descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES ? "void" : "char";
+  (*variables)["null_check"] = (*variables)["DCHK"] + "(value != nullptr);\n";
+  // NOTE: Escaped here to unblock proto1->proto2 migration.
+  // TODO(liujisi): Extend this to apply for other conflicting methods.
+  (*variables)["release_name"] =
+      SafeFunctionName(descriptor->containing_type(), descriptor, "release_");
+  (*variables)["full_name"] = descriptor->full_name();
+
+  if (options.opensource_runtime) {
+    (*variables)["string_piece"] = "::std::string";
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["string_piece"] = "::StringPiece";
+  }
+
+  (*variables)["lite"] =
+      HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->file(), options) ? "" : "Lite";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+StringFieldGenerator::StringFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                           const Options& options)
+    : FieldGenerator(descriptor, options),
+      lite_(!HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->file(), options)),
+      inlined_(IsStringInlined(descriptor, options)) {
+  SetStringVariables(descriptor, &variables_, options);
+}
+
+StringFieldGenerator::~StringFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (inlined_) {
+    format("::$proto_ns$::internal::InlinedStringField $name$_;\n");
+  } else {
+    // N.B. that we continue to use |ArenaStringPtr| instead of |string*| for
+    // string fields, even when SupportArenas(descriptor_) == false. Why?  The
+    // simple answer is to avoid unmaintainable complexity. The reflection code
+    // assumes ArenaStringPtrs. These are *almost* in-memory-compatible with
+    // string*, except for the pointer tags and related ownership semantics. We
+    // could modify the runtime code to use string* for the
+    // not-supporting-arenas case, but this would require a way to detect which
+    // type of class was generated (adding overhead and complexity to
+    // GeneratedMessageReflection) and littering the runtime code paths with
+    // conditionals. It's simpler to stick with this but use lightweight
+    // accessors that assume arena == NULL.  There should be very little
+    // overhead anyway because it's just a tagged pointer in-memory.
+    format("::$proto_ns$::internal::ArenaStringPtr $name$_;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GenerateStaticMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (!descriptor_->default_value_string().empty()) {
+    // We make the default instance public, so it can be initialized by
+    // non-friend code.
+    format(
+        "public:\n"
+        "static ::$proto_ns$::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<std::string>"
+        " $default_variable_name$;\n"
+        "private:\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GenerateAccessorDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // If we're using StringFieldGenerator for a field with a ctype, it's
+  // because that ctype isn't actually implemented.  In particular, this is
+  // true of ctype=CORD and ctype=STRING_PIECE in the open source release.
+  // We aren't releasing Cord because it has too many Google-specific
+  // dependencies and we aren't releasing StringPiece because it's hardly
+  // useful outside of Google and because it would get confusing to have
+  // multiple instances of the StringPiece class in different libraries (PCRE
+  // already includes it for their C++ bindings, which came from Google).
+  //
+  // In any case, we make all the accessors private while still actually
+  // using a string to represent the field internally.  This way, we can
+  // guarantee that if we do ever implement the ctype, it won't break any
+  // existing users who might be -- for whatever reason -- already using .proto
+  // files that applied the ctype.  The field can still be accessed via the
+  // reflection interface since the reflection interface is independent of
+  // the string's underlying representation.
+
+  bool unknown_ctype = descriptor_->options().ctype() !=
+                       EffectiveStringCType(descriptor_, options_);
+
+  if (unknown_ctype) {
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        " private:\n"
+        "  // Hidden due to unknown ctype option.\n");
+    format.Indent();
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "$deprecated_attr$const std::string& ${1$$name$$}$() const;\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_$name$$}$(const std::string& value);\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_$name$$}$(std::string&& value);\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_$name$$}$(const char* value);\n",
+      descriptor_);
+  if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    format(
+        "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_$name$$}$(::StringPiece value);\n",
+        descriptor_);
+  }
+  format(
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_$name$$}$(const $pointer_type$* "
+      "value, size_t size)"
+      ";\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$std::string* ${1$mutable_$name$$}$();\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$std::string* ${1$$release_name$$}$();\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_allocated_$name$$}$(std::string* "
+      "$name$);\n",
+      descriptor_);
+  if (options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+      format(
+          "$GOOGLE_PROTOBUF$_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED(\"The unsafe_arena_ accessors "
+          "for\"\n"
+          "\"    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a\"\n"
+          "\"    future release.\")\n"
+          "std::string* ${1$unsafe_arena_release_$name$$}$();\n"
+          "$GOOGLE_PROTOBUF$_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED(\"The unsafe_arena_ accessors "
+          "for\"\n"
+          "\"    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a\"\n"
+          "\"    future release.\")\n"
+          "void ${1$unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$$}$(\n"
+          "    std::string* $name$);\n",
+          descriptor_);
+    }
+  }
+  format(
+      "private:\n"
+      "const std::string& _internal_$name$() const;\n"
+      "void _internal_set_$name$(const std::string& value);\n"
+      "std::string* _internal_mutable_$name$();\n"
+      "public:\n");
+
+  if (unknown_ctype) {
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(" public:\n");
+    format.Indent();
+  }
+}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "inline const std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(const std::string& value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  _internal_set_$name$(value);\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_mutable_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "inline const std::string& $classname$::_internal_$name$() const {\n"
+        "  return $name$_.Get();\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::_internal_set_$name$(const std::string& "
+        "value) {\n"
+        "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+        "  $name$_.Set$lite$($default_variable$, value, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(std::string&& value) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+        "  $name$_.Set$lite$(\n"
+        "    $default_variable$, ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  $null_check$"
+        "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+        "  $name$_.Set$lite$($default_variable$, $string_piece$(value),\n"
+        "              GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n");
+    if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+      format(
+          "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(::StringPiece value) {\n"
+          "$annotate_accessor$"
+          "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+          "  $name$_.Set$lite$($default_variable$, value, "
+          "GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+          "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_string_piece:$full_name$)\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+    format(
+        "inline "
+        "void $classname$::set_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value,\n"
+        "    size_t size) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+        "  $name$_.Set$lite$($default_variable$, $string_piece$(\n"
+        "      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), "
+        "GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline std::string* $classname$::_internal_mutable_$name$() {\n"
+        "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+        "  return $name$_.Mutable($default_variable$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:$full_name$)\n");
+
+    if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+      format(
+          "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+          "    return nullptr;\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
+          "  return $name$_.ReleaseNonDefault("
+          "$default_variable$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
+    } else {
+      format(
+          "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
+          "  return $name$_.Release($default_variable$, "
+          "GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
+    }
+
+    format(
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(std::string* $name$) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  if ($name$ != nullptr) {\n"
+        "    $set_hasbit$\n"
+        "  } else {\n"
+        "    $clear_hasbit$\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  $name$_.SetAllocated($default_variable$, $name$,\n"
+        "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n");
+    if (options_.opensource_runtime) {
+      format(
+          "inline std::string* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
+          "$annotate_accessor$"
+          "  // "
+          "@@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:$full_name$)\n"
+          "  $DCHK$(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);\n"
+          "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
+          "  return $name$_.UnsafeArenaRelease($default_variable$,\n"
+          "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+          "}\n"
+          "inline void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$(\n"
+          "$annotate_accessor$"
+          "    std::string* $name$) {\n"
+          "  $DCHK$(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);\n"
+          "  if ($name$ != nullptr) {\n"
+          "    $set_hasbit$\n"
+          "  } else {\n"
+          "    $clear_hasbit$\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "  $name$_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated($default_variable$,\n"
+          "      $name$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+          "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:"
+          "$full_name$)\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    // No-arena case.
+    format(
+        "inline const std::string& $classname$::_internal_$name$() const {\n"
+        "  return $name$_.GetNoArena();\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::_internal_set_$name$(const std::string& "
+        "value) {\n"
+        "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+        "  $name$_.SetNoArena($default_variable$, value);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(std::string&& value) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+        "  $name$_.SetNoArena(\n"
+        "    $default_variable$, ::std::move(value));\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  $null_check$"
+        "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+        "  $name$_.SetNoArena($default_variable$, $string_piece$(value));\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n");
+    if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+      format(
+          "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(::StringPiece value) {\n"
+          "$annotate_accessor$"
+          "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+          "  $name$_.SetNoArena($default_variable$, value);\n"
+          "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_string_piece:$full_name$)\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+    format(
+        "inline "
+        "void $classname$::set_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value, "
+        "size_t size) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+        "  $name$_.SetNoArena($default_variable$,\n"
+        "      $string_piece$(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline std::string* $classname$::_internal_mutable_$name$() {\n"
+        "  $set_hasbit$\n"
+        "  return $name$_.MutableNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:$full_name$)\n");
+
+    if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+      format(
+          "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+          "    return nullptr;\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
+          "  return $name$_.ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena($default_variable$);\n");
+    } else {
+      format(
+          "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
+          "  return $name$_.ReleaseNoArena($default_variable$);\n");
+    }
+
+    format(
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(std::string* $name$) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  if ($name$ != nullptr) {\n"
+        "    $set_hasbit$\n"
+        "  } else {\n"
+        "    $clear_hasbit$\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  $name$_.SetAllocatedNoArena($default_variable$, $name$);\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GenerateNonInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (!descriptor_->default_value_string().empty()) {
+    // Initialized in GenerateDefaultInstanceAllocator.
+    format(
+        "::$proto_ns$::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<std::string> "
+        "$classname$::$default_variable_name$;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // Two-dimension specialization here: supporting arenas or not, and default
+  // value is the empty string or not. Complexity here ensures the minimal
+  // number of branches / amount of extraneous code at runtime (given that the
+  // below methods are inlined one-liners)!
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    if (descriptor_->default_value_string().empty()) {
+      format(
+          "$name$_.ClearToEmpty($default_variable$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
+    } else {
+      format(
+          "$name$_.ClearToDefault($default_variable$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (descriptor_->default_value_string().empty()) {
+      format("$name$_.ClearToEmptyNoArena($default_variable$);\n");
+    } else {
+      format("$name$_.ClearToDefaultNoArena($default_variable$);\n");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GenerateMessageClearingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // Two-dimension specialization here: supporting arenas, field presence, or
+  // not, and default value is the empty string or not. Complexity here ensures
+  // the minimal number of branches / amount of extraneous code at runtime
+  // (given that the below methods are inlined one-liners)!
+
+  // If we have field presence, then the Clear() method of the protocol buffer
+  // will have checked that this field is set.  If so, we can avoid redundant
+  // checks against default_variable.
+  const bool must_be_present = HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file());
+
+  if (inlined_ && must_be_present) {
+    // Calling mutable_$name$() gives us a string reference and sets the has bit
+    // for $name$ (in proto2).  We may get here when the string field is inlined
+    // but the string's contents have not been changed by the user, so we cannot
+    // make an assertion about the contents of the string and could never make
+    // an assertion about the string instance.
+    //
+    // For non-inlined strings, we distinguish from non-default by comparing
+    // instances, rather than contents.
+    format("$DCHK$(!$name$_.IsDefault($default_variable$));\n");
+  }
+
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    if (descriptor_->default_value_string().empty()) {
+      if (must_be_present) {
+        format("$name$_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();\n");
+      } else {
+        format(
+            "$name$_.ClearToEmpty($default_variable$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Clear to a non-empty default is more involved, as we try to use the
+      // Arena if one is present and may need to reallocate the string.
+      format(
+          "$name$_.ClearToDefault($default_variable$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
+    }
+  } else if (must_be_present) {
+    // When Arenas are disabled and field presence has been checked, we can
+    // safely treat the ArenaStringPtr as a string*.
+    if (descriptor_->default_value_string().empty()) {
+      format("$name$_.ClearNonDefaultToEmptyNoArena();\n");
+    } else {
+      format("$name$_.UnsafeMutablePointer()->assign(*$default_variable$);\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (descriptor_->default_value_string().empty()) {
+      format("$name$_.ClearToEmptyNoArena($default_variable$);\n");
+    } else {
+      format("$name$_.ClearToDefaultNoArena($default_variable$);\n");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_) || descriptor_->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+    // TODO(gpike): improve this
+    format("_internal_set_$name$(from._internal_$name$());\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "$set_hasbit$\n"
+        "$name$_.AssignWithDefault($default_variable$, from.$name$_);\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (inlined_) {
+    format("$name$_.Swap(&other->$name$_);\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "$name$_.Swap(&other->$name$_, $default_variable$,\n"
+        "  GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // TODO(ckennelly): Construct non-empty strings as part of the initializer
+  // list.
+  if (inlined_ && descriptor_->default_value_string().empty()) {
+    // Automatic initialization will construct the string.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  format("$name$_.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n");
+}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GenerateCopyConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  GenerateConstructorCode(printer);
+
+  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    format("if (from._internal_has_$name$()) {\n");
+  } else {
+    format("if (!from._internal_$name$().empty()) {\n");
+  }
+
+  format.Indent();
+
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_) || descriptor_->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+    // TODO(gpike): improve this
+    format(
+        "$name$_.Set$lite$($default_variable$, from._internal_$name$(),\n"
+        "  GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
+  } else {
+    format("$name$_.AssignWithDefault($default_variable$, from.$name$_);\n");
+  }
+
+  format.Outdent();
+  format("}\n");
+}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GenerateDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (inlined_) {
+    // The destructor is automatically invoked.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  format("$name$_.DestroyNoArena($default_variable$);\n");
+}
+
+bool StringFieldGenerator::GenerateArenaDestructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (!inlined_) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  format("_this->$name$_.DestroyNoArena($default_variable$);\n");
+  return true;
+}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GenerateDefaultInstanceAllocator(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (!descriptor_->default_value_string().empty()) {
+    format(
+        "$ns$::$classname$::$default_variable_name$.DefaultConstruct();\n"
+        "*$ns$::$classname$::$default_variable_name$.get_mutable() = "
+        "std::string($default$, $default_length$);\n"
+        "::$proto_ns$::internal::OnShutdownDestroyString(\n"
+        "    $ns$::$classname$::$default_variable_name$.get_mutable());\n");
+  }
+}
+
+bool StringFieldGenerator::MergeFromCodedStreamNeedsArena() const {
+  return !lite_ && !inlined_ && !options_.opensource_runtime;
+}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING) {
+    GenerateUtf8CheckCodeForString(
+        descriptor_, options_, false,
+        "this->_internal_$name$().data(), "
+        "static_cast<int>(this->_internal_$name$().length()),\n",
+        format);
+  }
+  format(
+      "target = stream->Write$declared_type$MaybeAliased(\n"
+      "    $number$, this->_internal_$name$(), target);\n");
+}
+
+void StringFieldGenerator::GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "total_size += $tag_size$ +\n"
+      "  ::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::$declared_type$Size(\n"
+      "    this->_internal_$name$());\n");
+}
+
+uint32 StringFieldGenerator::CalculateFieldTag() const {
+  return inlined_ ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+StringOneofFieldGenerator::StringOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options)
+    : StringFieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  inlined_ = false;
+
+  SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+  variables_["field_name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor->name(), true);
+  variables_["oneof_index"] =
+      StrCat(descriptor->containing_oneof()->index());
+}
+
+StringOneofFieldGenerator::~StringOneofFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void StringOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "inline const std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(const std::string& value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  _internal_set_$name$(value);\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_mutable_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "inline const std::string& $classname$::_internal_$name$() const {\n"
+        "  if (_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    return $field_member$.Get();\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return *$default_variable$;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::_internal_set_$name$(const std::string& "
+        "value) {\n"
+        "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+        "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  $field_member$.Set$lite$($default_variable$, value,\n"
+        "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(std::string&& value) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
+        "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+        "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  $field_member$.Set$lite$(\n"
+        "    $default_variable$, ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  $null_check$"
+        "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+        "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  $field_member$.Set$lite$($default_variable$,\n"
+        "      $string_piece$(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n");
+    if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+      format(
+          "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(::StringPiece value) {\n"
+          "$annotate_accessor$"
+          "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+          "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+          "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+          "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "  $field_member$.Set$lite$($default_variable$, value,\n"
+          "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+          "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_string_piece:$full_name$)\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+    format(
+        "inline "
+        "void $classname$::set_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value,\n"
+        "                             size_t size) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+        "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  $field_member$.Set$lite$(\n"
+        "      $default_variable$, $string_piece$(\n"
+        "      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size),\n"
+        "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline std::string* $classname$::_internal_mutable_$name$() {\n"
+        "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+        "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return $field_member$.Mutable($default_variable$,\n"
+        "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:$full_name$)\n"
+        "  if (_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "    return $field_member$.Release($default_variable$,\n"
+        "        GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+        "  } else {\n"
+        "    return nullptr;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(std::string* $name$) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  if (has_$oneof_name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  if ($name$ != nullptr) {\n"
+        "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+        "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($name$);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n");
+    if (options_.opensource_runtime) {
+      format(
+          "inline std::string* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
+          "$annotate_accessor$"
+          "  // "
+          "@@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:$full_name$)\n"
+          "  $DCHK$(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);\n"
+          "  if (_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+          "    clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n"
+          "    return $field_member$.UnsafeArenaRelease(\n"
+          "        $default_variable$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+          "  } else {\n"
+          "    return nullptr;\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "}\n"
+          "inline void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$("
+          "std::string* $name$) {\n"
+          "$annotate_accessor$"
+          "  $DCHK$(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);\n"
+          "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+          "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "  clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+          "  if ($name$) {\n"
+          "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+          "    $field_member$.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated($default_variable$, "
+          "$name$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:"
+          "$full_name$)\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    // No-arena case.
+    format(
+        "inline const std::string& $classname$::_internal_$name$() const {\n"
+        "  if (_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    return $field_member$.GetNoArena();\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return *$default_variable$;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::_internal_set_$name$(const std::string& "
+        "value) {\n"
+        "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+        "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  $field_member$.SetNoArena($default_variable$, value);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(std::string&& value) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
+        "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+        "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  $field_member$.SetNoArena($default_variable$, ::std::move(value));\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  $null_check$"
+        "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+        "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  $field_member$.SetNoArena($default_variable$,\n"
+        "      $string_piece$(value));\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n");
+    if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+      format(
+          "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(::StringPiece value) {\n"
+          "$annotate_accessor$"
+          "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+          "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+          "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+          "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "  $field_member$.SetNoArena($default_variable$, value);\n"
+          "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_string_piece:$full_name$)\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+    format(
+        "inline "
+        "void $classname$::set_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value, size_t "
+        "size) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+        "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  $field_member$.SetNoArena($default_variable$, $string_piece$(\n"
+        "      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline std::string* $classname$::_internal_mutable_$name$() {\n"
+        "  if (!_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+        "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return $field_member$.MutableNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:$full_name$)\n"
+        "  if (_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "    return $field_member$.ReleaseNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
+        "  } else {\n"
+        "    return nullptr;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "inline void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(std::string* $name$) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  if (has_$oneof_name$()) {\n"
+        "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  if ($name$ != nullptr) {\n"
+        "    set_has_$name$();\n"
+        "    $field_member$.UnsafeSetDefault($name$);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void StringOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateClearingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    format(
+        "$field_member$.Destroy($default_variable$,\n"
+        "    GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
+  } else {
+    format("$field_member$.DestroyNoArena($default_variable$);\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void StringOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMessageClearingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  return GenerateClearingCode(printer);
+}
+
+void StringOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSwappingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Don't print any swapping code. Swapping the union will swap this field.
+}
+
+void StringOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "$ns$::_$classname$_default_instance_.$name$_.UnsafeSetDefault(\n"
+      "    $default_variable$);\n");
+}
+
+void StringOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateDestructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "if (_internal_has_$name$()) {\n"
+      "  $field_member$.DestroyNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::RepeatedStringFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options)
+    : FieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetStringVariables(descriptor, &variables_, options);
+}
+
+RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::~RepeatedStringFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::GeneratePrivateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("::$proto_ns$::RepeatedPtrField<std::string> $name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::GenerateAccessorDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  // See comment above about unknown ctypes.
+  bool unknown_ctype = descriptor_->options().ctype() !=
+                       EffectiveStringCType(descriptor_, options_);
+
+  if (unknown_ctype) {
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(
+        " private:\n"
+        "  // Hidden due to unknown ctype option.\n");
+    format.Indent();
+  }
+
+  format(
+      "$deprecated_attr$const std::string& ${1$$name$$}$(int index) const;\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$std::string* ${1$mutable_$name$$}$(int index);\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_$name$$}$(int index, const "
+      "std::string& value);\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_$name$$}$(int index, std::string&& "
+      "value);\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_$name$$}$(int index, const "
+      "char* value);\n",
+      descriptor_);
+  if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    format(
+        "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_$name$$}$(int index, "
+        "StringPiece value);\n",
+        descriptor_);
+  }
+  format(
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$set_$name$$}$("
+      "int index, const $pointer_type$* value, size_t size);\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$std::string* ${1$add_$name$$}$();\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$add_$name$$}$(const std::string& value);\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$add_$name$$}$(std::string&& value);\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$add_$name$$}$(const char* value);\n",
+      descriptor_);
+  if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    format(
+        "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$add_$name$$}$(StringPiece value);\n",
+        descriptor_);
+  }
+  format(
+      "$deprecated_attr$void ${1$add_$name$$}$(const $pointer_type$* "
+      "value, size_t size)"
+      ";\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$const ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& "
+      "${1$$name$$}$() "
+      "const;\n"
+      "$deprecated_attr$::$proto_ns$::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* "
+      "${1$mutable_$name$$}$()"
+      ";\n"
+      "private:\n"
+      "const std::string& ${1$_internal_$name$$}$(int index) const;\n"
+      "std::string* _internal_add_$name$();\n"
+      "public:\n",
+      descriptor_);
+
+  if (unknown_ctype) {
+    format.Outdent();
+    format(" public:\n");
+    format.Indent();
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "inline std::string* $classname$::add_$name$() {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_add_$name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  if (options_.safe_boundary_check) {
+    format(
+        "inline const std::string& $classname$::_internal_$name$(int index) "
+        "const {\n"
+        "  return $name$_.InternalCheckedGet(\n"
+        "      index, ::$proto_ns$::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    format(
+        "inline const std::string& $classname$::_internal_$name$(int index) "
+        "const {\n"
+        "  return $name$_.Get(index);\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+  format(
+      "inline const std::string& $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return _internal_$name$(index);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$(int index) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return $name$_.Mutable(index);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, const std::string& "
+      "value) "
+      "{\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  $name$_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, std::string&& value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  $name$_.Mutable(index)->assign(std::move(value));\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, const char* value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  $null_check$"
+      "  $name$_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n");
+  if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    format(
+        "inline void "
+        "$classname$::set_$name$(int index, StringPiece value) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  $name$_.Mutable(index)->assign(value.data(), value.size());\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_string_piece:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+  format(
+      "inline void "
+      "$classname$::set_$name$"
+      "(int index, const $pointer_type$* value, size_t size) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  $name$_.Mutable(index)->assign(\n"
+      "    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline std::string* $classname$::_internal_add_$name$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.Add();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::add_$name$(const std::string& value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  $name$_.Add()->assign(value);\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::add_$name$(std::string&& value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  $name$_.Add(std::move(value));\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline void $classname$::add_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  $null_check$"
+      "  $name$_.Add()->assign(value);\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n");
+  if (!options_.opensource_runtime) {
+    format(
+        "inline void $classname$::add_$name$(StringPiece value) {\n"
+        "$annotate_accessor$"
+        "  $name$_.Add()->assign(value.data(), value.size());\n"
+        "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_string_piece:$full_name$)\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+  format(
+      "inline void "
+      "$classname$::add_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value, size_t size) {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  $name$_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline const ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>&\n"
+      "$classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "inline ::$proto_ns$::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>*\n"
+      "$classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$annotate_accessor$"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return &$name$_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::GenerateClearingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.Clear();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.MergeFrom(from.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::GenerateSwappingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.InternalSwap(&other->$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Not needed for repeated fields.
+}
+
+void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::GenerateCopyConstructorCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format("$name$_.CopyFrom(from.$name$_);");
+}
+
+void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "for (int i = 0, n = this->_internal_$name$_size(); i < n; i++) {\n"
+      "  const auto& s = this->_internal_$name$(i);\n");
+  // format("for (const std::string& s : this->$name$()) {\n");
+  format.Indent();
+  if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING) {
+    GenerateUtf8CheckCodeForString(descriptor_, options_, false,
+                                   "s.data(), static_cast<int>(s.length()),\n",
+                                   format);
+  }
+  format.Outdent();
+  format(
+      "  target = stream->Write$declared_type$($number$, s, target);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::GenerateByteSize(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  Formatter format(printer, variables_);
+  format(
+      "total_size += $tag_size$ *\n"
+      "    ::$proto_ns$::internal::FromIntSize($name$_.size());\n"
+      "for (int i = 0, n = $name$_.size(); i < n; i++) {\n"
+      "  total_size += "
+      "::$proto_ns$::internal::WireFormatLite::$declared_type$Size(\n"
+      "    $name$_.Get(i));\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f39a93abe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_STRING_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_STRING_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+class StringFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  StringFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                       const Options& options);
+  ~StringFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateStaticMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateNonInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMessageClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateCopyConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  bool GenerateArenaDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDefaultInstanceAllocator(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  uint32 CalculateFieldTag() const;
+  bool IsInlined() const { return inlined_; }
+
+  bool MergeFromCodedStreamNeedsArena() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const bool lite_;
+  bool inlined_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(StringFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class StringOneofFieldGenerator : public StringFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  StringOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                            const Options& options);
+  ~StringOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  // StringFieldGenerator, from which we inherit, overrides this so we need to
+  // override it as well.
+  void GenerateMessageClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(StringOneofFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedStringFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  RepeatedStringFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                               const Options& options);
+  ~RepeatedStringFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateCopyConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedStringFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_STRING_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_bad_identifiers.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_bad_identifiers.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..479710821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_bad_identifiers.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file tests that various identifiers work as field and type names even
+// though the same identifiers are used internally by the C++ code generator.
+
+// LINT: LEGACY_NAMES
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true; // auto-added
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// Test that fields can have names like "input" and "i" which are also used
+// internally by the code generator for local variables.
+message TestConflictingSymbolNames {
+  message BuildDescriptors {}
+  message TypeTraits {}
+
+  optional int32 input = 1;
+  optional int32 output = 2;
+  optional string length = 3;
+  repeated int32 i = 4;
+  repeated string new_element = 5 [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+  optional int32 total_size = 6;
+  optional int32 tag = 7;
+
+  enum TestEnum { FOO = 0; }
+  message Data1 {
+    repeated int32 data = 1;
+  }
+  message Data2 {
+    repeated TestEnum data = 1;
+  }
+  message Data3 {
+    repeated string data = 1;
+  }
+  message Data4 {
+    repeated Data4 data = 1;
+  }
+  message Data5 {
+    repeated string data = 1 [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+  }
+  message Data6 {
+    repeated string data = 1 [ctype = CORD];
+  }
+
+  optional int32 source = 8;
+  optional int32 value = 9;
+  optional int32 file = 10;
+  optional int32 from = 11;
+  optional int32 handle_uninterpreted = 12;
+  repeated int32 index = 13;
+  optional int32 controller = 14;
+  optional int32 already_here = 15;
+
+  optional uint32 uint32 = 16;
+  optional uint64 uint64 = 17;
+  optional string string = 18;
+  optional int32 memset = 19;
+  optional int32 int32 = 20;
+  optional int64 int64 = 21;
+
+  optional uint32 cached_size = 22;
+  optional uint32 extensions = 23;
+  optional uint32 bit = 24;
+  optional uint32 bits = 25;
+  optional uint32 offsets = 26;
+  optional uint32 reflection = 27;
+
+  message Cord {}
+  optional string some_cord = 28 [ctype = CORD];
+
+  message StringPiece {}
+  optional string some_string_piece = 29 [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+
+  // Some keywords.
+  optional uint32 int = 30;
+  optional uint32 friend = 31;
+  optional uint32 class = 37;
+  optional uint32 typedecl = 39;
+  optional uint32 auto = 40;
+
+  // The generator used to #define a macro called "DO" inside the .cc file.
+  message DO {}
+  optional DO do = 32;
+
+  // Some template parameter names for extensions.
+  optional int32 field_type = 33;
+  optional bool is_packed = 34;
+
+  // test conflicting release_$name$. "length" and "do" field in this message
+  // must remain string or message fields to make the test valid.
+  optional string release_length = 35;
+  // A more extreme case, the field name "do" here is a keyword, which will be
+  // escaped to "do_" already. Test there is no conflict even with escaped field
+  // names.
+  optional DO release_do = 36;
+
+  // For clashing local variables in Serialize and ByteSize calculation.
+  optional string target = 38;
+
+  extensions 1000 to max;  // NO_PROTO3
+}
+
+message TestConflictingSymbolNamesExtension {                      // NO_PROTO3
+  extend TestConflictingSymbolNames {                              // NO_PROTO3
+    repeated int32 repeated_int32_ext = 20423638 [packed = true];  // NO_PROTO3
+  }                                                                // NO_PROTO3
+}  // NO_PROTO3
+
+message TestConflictingEnumNames {  // NO_PROTO3
+  enum while {                      // NO_PROTO3
+    default = 0;                    // NO_PROTO3
+    and = 1;                        // NO_PROTO3
+    class = 2;                      // NO_PROTO3
+    int = 3;                        // NO_PROTO3
+    typedef = 4;                    // NO_PROTO3
+    XOR = 5;                        // NO_PROTO3
+  }                                 // NO_PROTO3
+
+  optional while conflicting_enum = 1;  // NO_PROTO3
+}  // NO_PROTO3
+
+enum bool {             // NO_PROTO3
+  default = 0;          // NO_PROTO3
+  NOT_EQ = 1;           // NO_PROTO3
+  volatile = 2;         // NO_PROTO3
+  return = 3;           // NO_PROTO3
+}  // NO_PROTO3
+
+message DummyMessage {}
+
+message NULL {
+  optional int32 int = 1;
+}
+
+extend TestConflictingSymbolNames {  // NO_PROTO3
+  optional int32 void = 314253;      // NO_PROTO3
+}                                    // NO_PROTO3
+
+// Message names that could conflict.
+message Shutdown {}
+message TableStruct {}
+
+service TestConflictingMethodNames {
+  rpc Closure(DummyMessage) returns (DummyMessage);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_large_enum_value.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_large_enum_value.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb6ca1b15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_large_enum_value.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Test that proto2 compiler can generate valid code when the enum value
+// is INT_MAX. Note that this is a compile-only test and this proto is not
+// referenced in any C++ code.
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+message TestLargeEnumValue {
+  enum EnumWithLargeValue {
+    VALUE_1 = 1;
+    VALUE_MAX = 0x7fffffff;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74310a7fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// To test the code generator, we actually use it to generate code for
+// net/proto2/internal/unittest.proto, then test that.  This means that we
+// are actually testing the parser and other parts of the system at the same
+// time, and that problems in the generator may show up as compile-time errors
+// rather than unittest failures, which may be surprising.  However, testing
+// the output of the C++ generator directly would be very hard.  We can't very
+// well just check it against golden files since those files would have to be
+// updated for any small change; such a test would be very brittle and probably
+// not very helpful.  What we really want to test is that the code compiles
+// correctly and produces the interfaces we expect, which is why this test
+// is written this way.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.pb.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+
+#define MESSAGE_TEST_NAME MessageTest
+#define GENERATED_DESCRIPTOR_TEST_NAME GeneratedDescriptorTest
+#define GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME GeneratedMessageTest
+#define GENERATED_ENUM_TEST_NAME GeneratedEnumTest
+#define GENERATED_SERVICE_TEST_NAME GeneratedServiceTest
+#define HELPERS_TEST_NAME HelpersTest
+#define DESCRIPTOR_INIT_TEST_NAME DescriptorInitializationTest
+
+#define UNITTEST_PROTO_PATH "net/proto2/internal/unittest.proto"
+#define UNITTEST ::protobuf_unittest
+#define UNITTEST_IMPORT ::protobuf_unittest_import
+
+// Must include after the above macros.
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+// Can't use an anonymous namespace here due to brokenness of Tru64 compiler.
+namespace cpp_unittest {
+
+namespace protobuf_unittest = ::protobuf_unittest;
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, TestConflictingSymbolNames) {
+  // test_bad_identifiers.proto successfully compiled, then it works.  The
+  // following is just a token usage to insure that the code is, in fact,
+  // being compiled and linked.
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestConflictingSymbolNames message;
+  message.set_uint32(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, message.ByteSizeLong());
+
+  message.set_friend_(5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, message.friend_());
+
+  message.set_class_(6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, message.class_());
+
+  // Instantiate extension template functions to test conflicting template
+  // parameter names.
+  typedef protobuf_unittest::TestConflictingSymbolNamesExtension ExtensionMessage;
+  message.AddExtension(ExtensionMessage::repeated_int32_ext, 123);
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, message.GetExtension(ExtensionMessage::repeated_int32_ext, 0));
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, TestConflictingEnumNames) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestConflictingEnumNames message;
+  message.set_conflicting_enum(
+      protobuf_unittest::TestConflictingEnumNames_while_and_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.conflicting_enum());
+  message.set_conflicting_enum(
+      protobuf_unittest::TestConflictingEnumNames_while_XOR);
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, message.conflicting_enum());
+
+  protobuf_unittest::bool_ conflicting_enum;
+  conflicting_enum = protobuf_unittest::NOT_EQ;
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, conflicting_enum);
+  conflicting_enum = protobuf_unittest::return_;
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, conflicting_enum);
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, TestConflictingMessageNames) {
+  protobuf_unittest::NULL_ message;
+  message.set_int_(123);
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.int_(), 123);
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, TestConflictingExtension) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestConflictingSymbolNames message;
+  message.SetExtension(protobuf_unittest::void_, 123);
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, message.GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::void_));
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp_unittest
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5dc767ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This header declares the namespace google::protobuf::protobuf_unittest in order to expose
+// any problems with the generated class names. We use this header to ensure
+// unittest.cc will declare the namespace prior to other includes, while obeying
+// normal include ordering.
+//
+// When generating a class name of "foo.Bar" we must ensure we prefix the class
+// name with "::", in case the namespace google::protobuf::foo exists. We intentionally
+// trigger that case here by declaring google::protobuf::protobuf_unittest.
+//
+// See ClassName in helpers.h for more details.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_UNITTEST_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_UNITTEST_H__
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace protobuf_unittest {}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CPP_UNITTEST_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.inc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2efbd6d38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,2276 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// To test the code generator, we actually use it to generate code for
+// net/proto2/internal/unittest.proto, then test that.  This means that we
+// are actually testing the parser and other parts of the system at the same
+// time, and that problems in the generator may show up as compile-time errors
+// rather than unittest failures, which may be surprising.  However, testing
+// the output of the C++ generator directly would be very hard.  We can't very
+// well just check it against golden files since those files would have to be
+// updated for any small change; such a test would be very brittle and probably
+// not very helpful.  What we really want to test is that the code compiles
+// correctly and produces the interfaces we expect, which is why this test
+// is written this way.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#if !defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_CMAKE_BUILD) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
+// We exclude this large proto from cmake build because it's too large for
+// visual studio to compile (report internal errors).
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.pb.h>
+#endif
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_bad_identifiers.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/scc.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/importer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util2.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+// Must be included last.
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+// Can't use an anonymous namespace here due to brokenness of Tru64 compiler.
+namespace cpp_unittest {
+
+
+class MockErrorCollector : public MultiFileErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  MockErrorCollector() {}
+  ~MockErrorCollector() {}
+
+  std::string text_;
+
+  // implements ErrorCollector ---------------------------------------
+  void AddError(const std::string& filename, int line, int column,
+                const std::string& message) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&text_, "$0:$1:$2: $3\n",
+                                 filename, line, column, message);
+  }
+};
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+
+// Test that generated code has proper descriptors:
+// Parse a descriptor directly (using google::protobuf::compiler::Importer) and
+// compare it to the one that was produced by generated code.
+TEST(GENERATED_DESCRIPTOR_TEST_NAME, IdenticalDescriptors) {
+  const FileDescriptor* generated_descriptor =
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::descriptor()->file();
+
+  // Set up the Importer.
+  MockErrorCollector error_collector;
+  DiskSourceTree source_tree;
+  source_tree.MapPath("", TestUtil::TestSourceDir());
+  Importer importer(&source_tree, &error_collector);
+
+  // Import (parse) unittest.proto.
+  const FileDescriptor* parsed_descriptor =
+      importer.Import(TestUtil::MaybeTranslatePath(UNITTEST_PROTO_PATH));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", error_collector.text_);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parsed_descriptor != NULL);
+
+  // Test that descriptors are generated correctly by converting them to
+  // FileDescriptorProtos and comparing.
+  FileDescriptorProto generated_descriptor_proto, parsed_descriptor_proto;
+  generated_descriptor->CopyTo(&generated_descriptor_proto);
+  parsed_descriptor->CopyTo(&parsed_descriptor_proto);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(parsed_descriptor_proto.DebugString(),
+            generated_descriptor_proto.DebugString());
+}
+
+#if !defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_CMAKE_BUILD) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Test that generated code has proper descriptors:
+// Touch a descriptor generated from an enormous message to validate special
+// handling for descriptors exceeding the C++ standard's recommended minimum
+// limit for string literal size
+TEST(GENERATED_DESCRIPTOR_TEST_NAME, EnormousDescriptor) {
+  const Descriptor* generated_descriptor =
+    ::protobuf_unittest::TestEnormousDescriptor::descriptor();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(generated_descriptor != NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, Defaults) {
+  // Check that all default values are set correctly in the initial message.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectClear(message);
+
+  // Messages should return pointers to default instances until first use.
+  // (This is not checked by ExpectClear() since it is not actually true after
+  // the fields have been set and then cleared.)
+  EXPECT_EQ(&UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::OptionalGroup::default_instance(),
+            &message.optionalgroup());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&UNITTEST::ForeignMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.optional_foreign_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&UNITTEST_IMPORT::ImportMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.optional_import_message());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, FloatingPointDefaults) {
+  const UNITTEST::TestExtremeDefaultValues& extreme_default =
+      UNITTEST::TestExtremeDefaultValues::default_instance();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, extreme_default.zero_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1.0f, extreme_default.one_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1.5f, extreme_default.small_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1.0f, extreme_default.negative_one_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1.5f, extreme_default.negative_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2.0e8f, extreme_default.large_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(-8e-28f, extreme_default.small_negative_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(),
+            extreme_default.inf_double());
+  EXPECT_EQ(-std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(),
+            extreme_default.neg_inf_double());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(extreme_default.nan_double() != extreme_default.nan_double());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity(),
+            extreme_default.inf_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(-std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity(),
+            extreme_default.neg_inf_float());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(extreme_default.nan_float() != extreme_default.nan_float());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, Trigraph) {
+  const UNITTEST::TestExtremeDefaultValues& extreme_default =
+      UNITTEST::TestExtremeDefaultValues::default_instance();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("? ? ?? ?? ??? ?\?/ ?\?-", extreme_default.cpp_trigraph());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ExtremeSmallIntegerDefault) {
+  const UNITTEST::TestExtremeDefaultValues& extreme_default =
+      UNITTEST::TestExtremeDefaultValues::default_instance();
+  EXPECT_EQ(~0x7fffffff, kint32min);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(~0x7fffffffffffffff), kint64min);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kint32min, extreme_default.really_small_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kint64min, extreme_default.really_small_int64());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, Accessors) {
+  // Set every field to a unique value then go back and check all those
+  // values.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+
+  TestUtil::ModifyRepeatedFields(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedFieldsModified(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, MutableStringDefault) {
+  // mutable_foo() for a string should return a string initialized to its
+  // default value.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", *message.mutable_default_string());
+
+  // Note that the first time we call mutable_foo(), we get a newly-allocated
+  // string, but if we clear it and call it again, we get the same object again.
+  // We should verify that it has its default value in both cases.
+  message.set_default_string("blah");
+  message.Clear();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", *message.mutable_default_string());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, StringDefaults) {
+  UNITTEST::TestExtremeDefaultValues message;
+  // Check if '\000' can be used in default string value.
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("hel\000lo", 6), message.string_with_zero());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("wor\000ld", 6), message.bytes_with_zero());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ReleaseString) {
+  // Check that release_foo() starts out NULL, and gives us a value
+  // that we can delete after it's been set.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, message.release_default_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", message.default_string());
+
+  message.set_default_string("blah");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_string());
+  std::unique_ptr<std::string> str(message.release_default_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_string());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(str != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ("blah", *str);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, message.release_default_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", message.default_string());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ReleaseMessage) {
+  // Check that release_foo() starts out NULL, and gives us a value
+  // that we can delete after it's been set.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, message.release_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_nested_message());
+
+  message.mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(1);
+  std::unique_ptr<UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage> nest(
+      message.release_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_nested_message());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(nest != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, nest->bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, message.release_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_nested_message());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, SetAllocatedString) {
+  // Check that set_allocated_foo() works for strings.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_string());
+  const std::string kHello("hello");
+  message.set_optional_string(kHello);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_string());
+
+  message.set_allocated_optional_string(NULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.optional_string());
+
+  message.set_allocated_optional_string(new std::string(kHello));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kHello, message.optional_string());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, SetAllocatedMessage) {
+  // Check that set_allocated_foo() can be called in all cases.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_nested_message());
+
+  message.mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_nested_message());
+
+  message.set_allocated_optional_nested_message(NULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.optional_nested_message());
+
+  message.mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(1);
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* nest =
+      message.release_optional_nested_message();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(nest != NULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_nested_message());
+
+  message.set_allocated_optional_nested_message(nest);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.optional_nested_message().bb());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, Clear) {
+  // Set every field to a unique value, clear the message, then check that
+  // it is cleared.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+  message.Clear();
+  TestUtil::ExpectClear(message);
+
+  // Unlike with the defaults test, we do NOT expect that requesting embedded
+  // messages will return a pointer to the default instance.  Instead, they
+  // should return the objects that were created when mutable_blah() was
+  // called.
+  EXPECT_NE(&UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::OptionalGroup::default_instance(),
+            &message.optionalgroup());
+  EXPECT_NE(&UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_NE(&UNITTEST::ForeignMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.optional_foreign_message());
+  EXPECT_NE(&UNITTEST_IMPORT::ImportMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.optional_import_message());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, EmbeddedNullsInBytesCharStar) {
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  const char* value = "\0lalala\0\0";
+  message.set_optional_bytes(value, 9);
+  ASSERT_EQ(9, message.optional_bytes().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(value, message.optional_bytes().data(), 9));
+
+  message.add_repeated_bytes(value, 9);
+  ASSERT_EQ(9, message.repeated_bytes(0).size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(value, message.repeated_bytes(0).data(), 9));
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ClearOneField) {
+  // Set every field to a unique value, then clear one value and insure that
+  // only that one value is cleared.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+  int64 original_value = message.optional_int64();
+
+  // Clear the field and make sure it shows up as cleared.
+  message.clear_optional_int64();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_int64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_int64());
+
+  // Other adjacent fields should not be cleared.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_uint32());
+
+  // Make sure if we set it again, then all fields are set.
+  message.set_optional_int64(original_value);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, StringCharStarLength) {
+  // Verify that we can use a char*,length to set one of the string fields.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+  message.set_optional_string("abcdef", 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ("abc", message.optional_string());
+
+  // Verify that we can use a char*,length to add to a repeated string field.
+  message.add_repeated_string("abcdef", 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("abc", message.repeated_string(0));
+
+  // Verify that we can use a char*,length to set a repeated string field.
+  message.set_repeated_string(0, "wxyz", 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("wx", message.repeated_string(0));
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, StringMove) {
+  // Verify that we trigger the move behavior on a scalar setter.
+  protobuf_unittest_no_arena::TestAllTypes message;
+  {
+    std::string tmp(32, 'a');
+
+    const char* old_data = tmp.data();
+    message.set_optional_string(std::move(tmp));
+    const char* new_data = message.optional_string().data();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(old_data, new_data);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::string(32, 'a'), message.optional_string());
+
+    std::string tmp2(32, 'b');
+    old_data = tmp2.data();
+    message.set_optional_string(std::move(tmp2));
+    new_data = message.optional_string().data();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(old_data, new_data);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::string(32, 'b'), message.optional_string());
+  }
+
+  // Verify that we trigger the move behavior on a oneof setter.
+  {
+    std::string tmp(32, 'a');
+
+    const char* old_data = tmp.data();
+    message.set_oneof_string(std::move(tmp));
+    const char* new_data = message.oneof_string().data();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(old_data, new_data);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::string(32, 'a'), message.oneof_string());
+
+    std::string tmp2(32, 'b');
+    old_data = tmp2.data();
+    message.set_oneof_string(std::move(tmp2));
+    new_data = message.oneof_string().data();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(old_data, new_data);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::string(32, 'b'), message.oneof_string());
+  }
+
+  // Verify that we trigger the move behavior on a repeated setter.
+  {
+    std::string tmp(32, 'a');
+
+    const char* old_data = tmp.data();
+    message.add_repeated_string(std::move(tmp));
+    const char* new_data = message.repeated_string(0).data();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(old_data, new_data);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::string(32, 'a'), message.repeated_string(0));
+
+    std::string tmp2(32, 'b');
+    old_data = tmp2.data();
+    message.set_repeated_string(0, std::move(tmp2));
+    new_data = message.repeated_string(0).data();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(old_data, new_data);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::string(32, 'b'), message.repeated_string(0));
+  }
+}
+
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, CopyFrom) {
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message1, message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+  message2.CopyFrom(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+
+  // Copying from self should be a no-op.
+  message2.CopyFrom(message2);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, SwapWithEmpty) {
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message1, message2;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectClear(message2);
+  message1.Swap(&message2);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+  TestUtil::ExpectClear(message1);
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, SwapWithSelf) {
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+  message.Swap(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, SwapWithOther) {
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message1, message2;
+
+  message1.set_optional_int32(123);
+  message1.set_optional_string("abc");
+  message1.mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(1);
+  message1.set_optional_nested_enum(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO);
+  message1.add_repeated_int32(1);
+  message1.add_repeated_int32(2);
+  message1.add_repeated_string("a");
+  message1.add_repeated_string("b");
+  message1.add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(7);
+  message1.add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(8);
+  message1.add_repeated_nested_enum(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO);
+  message1.add_repeated_nested_enum(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR);
+
+  message2.set_optional_int32(456);
+  message2.set_optional_string("def");
+  message2.mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(2);
+  message2.set_optional_nested_enum(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR);
+  message2.add_repeated_int32(3);
+  message2.add_repeated_string("c");
+  message2.add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(9);
+  message2.add_repeated_nested_enum(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+
+  message1.Swap(&message2);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(456, message1.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ("def", message1.optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message1.optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR, message1.optional_nested_enum());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message1.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, message1.repeated_int32(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message1.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("c", message1.repeated_string(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message1.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(9, message1.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message1.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ, message1.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, message2.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ("abc", message2.optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message2.optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO, message2.optional_nested_enum());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message2.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message2.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message2.repeated_int32(1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message2.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("a", message2.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("b", message2.repeated_string(1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message2.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, message2.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, message2.repeated_nested_message(1).bb());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message2.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO, message2.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR, message2.repeated_nested_enum(1));
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ADLSwap) {
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message1, message2;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+
+  // Note the address of one of the repeated fields, to verify it was swapped
+  // rather than copied.
+  const int32* addr = &message1.repeated_int32().Get(0);
+
+  using std::swap;
+  swap(message1, message2);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+  TestUtil::ExpectClear(message1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(addr, &message2.repeated_int32().Get(0));
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, CopyConstructor) {
+  // All set.
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message1;
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message2(message1);
+    TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  // None set.
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message1;
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message2(message1);
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message1.has_optional_string());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message2.has_optional_string());
+    EXPECT_EQ(message1.optional_string(), message2.optional_string());
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message1.has_optional_bytes());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message2.has_optional_bytes());
+    EXPECT_EQ(message1.optional_bytes(), message2.optional_bytes());
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message1.has_optional_nested_message());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message2.has_optional_nested_message());
+    EXPECT_EQ(&message1.optional_nested_message(),
+              &message2.optional_nested_message());
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message1.has_optional_foreign_message());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message2.has_optional_foreign_message());
+    EXPECT_EQ(&message1.optional_foreign_message(),
+              &message2.optional_foreign_message());
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message1.has_optional_import_message());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message2.has_optional_import_message());
+    EXPECT_EQ(&message1.optional_import_message(),
+              &message2.optional_import_message());
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message1.has_optional_public_import_message());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message2.has_optional_public_import_message());
+    EXPECT_EQ(&message1.optional_public_import_message(),
+              &message2.optional_public_import_message());
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message1.has_optional_lazy_message());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message2.has_optional_lazy_message());
+    EXPECT_EQ(&message1.optional_lazy_message(),
+              &message2.optional_lazy_message());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, CopyConstructorWithArenas) {
+  Arena arena;
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message1 =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<UNITTEST::TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(message1);
+
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message2_stack(*message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2_stack);
+
+  std::unique_ptr<UNITTEST::TestAllTypes> message2_heap(
+      new UNITTEST::TestAllTypes(*message1));
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*message2_heap);
+
+  arena.Reset();
+
+  // Verify that the copies are still intact.
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2_stack);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(*message2_heap);
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, CopyAssignmentOperator) {
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message1;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message2;
+  message2 = message1;
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+
+  // Make sure that self-assignment does something sane.
+  message2.operator=(message2);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+#if !defined(PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS) || PROTOBUF_RTTI
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, UpcastCopyFrom) {
+  // Test the CopyFrom method that takes in the generic const Message&
+  // parameter.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message1, message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+
+  const Message* source = implicit_cast<const Message*>(&message1);
+  message2.CopyFrom(*source);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, DynamicMessageCopyFrom) {
+  // Test copying from a DynamicMessage, which must fall back to using
+  // reflection.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message2;
+
+  // Construct a new version of the dynamic message via the factory.
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message1;
+  message1.reset(factory.GetPrototype(
+                     UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::descriptor())->New());
+
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(message1.get());
+
+  message2.CopyFrom(*message1);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, NonEmptyMergeFrom) {
+  // Test merging with a non-empty message. Code is a modified form
+  // of that found in net/proto2/internal/reflection_ops_unittest.cc.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message1, message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+
+  // This field will test merging into an empty spot.
+  message2.set_optional_int32(message1.optional_int32());
+  message1.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  // This tests overwriting.
+  message2.set_optional_string(message1.optional_string());
+  message1.set_optional_string("something else");
+
+  // This tests concatenating.
+  message2.add_repeated_int32(message1.repeated_int32(1));
+  int32 i = message1.repeated_int32(0);
+  message1.clear_repeated_int32();
+  message1.add_repeated_int32(i);
+
+  message1.MergeFrom(message2);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message1);
+}
+
+
+// Test the generated SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(),
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, SerializationToArray) {
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message1, message2;
+  std::string data;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+  int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+  data.resize(size);
+  uint8* start = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data));
+  uint8* end = message1.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(size, end - start);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, PackedFieldsSerializationToArray) {
+  UNITTEST::TestPackedTypes packed_message1, packed_message2;
+  std::string packed_data;
+  TestUtil::SetPackedFields(&packed_message1);
+  int packed_size = packed_message1.ByteSizeLong();
+  packed_data.resize(packed_size);
+  uint8* start = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&packed_data));
+  uint8* end = packed_message1.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(packed_size, end - start);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(packed_message2.ParseFromString(packed_data));
+  TestUtil::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(packed_message2);
+}
+
+// Test the generated SerializeWithCachedSizes() by forcing the buffer to write
+// one byte at a time.
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, SerializationToStream) {
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message1, message2;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+  int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+  std::string data;
+  data.resize(size);
+  {
+    // Allow the output stream to buffer only one byte at a time.
+    io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data), size, 1);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+    message1.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, output_stream.ByteCount());
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, PackedFieldsSerializationToStream) {
+  UNITTEST::TestPackedTypes message1, message2;
+  TestUtil::SetPackedFields(&message1);
+  int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+  std::string data;
+  data.resize(size);
+  {
+    // Allow the output stream to buffer only one byte at a time.
+    io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data), size, 1);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+    message1.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, output_stream.ByteCount());
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+  TestUtil::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, Required) {
+  // Test that IsInitialized() returns false if required fields are missing.
+  UNITTEST::TestRequired message;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.IsInitialized());
+  message.set_a(1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.IsInitialized());
+  message.set_b(2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.IsInitialized());
+  message.set_c(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.IsInitialized());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, RequiredForeign) {
+  // Test that IsInitialized() returns false if required fields in nested
+  // messages are missing.
+  UNITTEST::TestRequiredForeign message;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.IsInitialized());
+
+  message.mutable_optional_message();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.IsInitialized());
+
+  message.mutable_optional_message()->set_a(1);
+  message.mutable_optional_message()->set_b(2);
+  message.mutable_optional_message()->set_c(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.IsInitialized());
+
+  message.add_repeated_message();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.IsInitialized());
+
+  message.mutable_repeated_message(0)->set_a(1);
+  message.mutable_repeated_message(0)->set_b(2);
+  message.mutable_repeated_message(0)->set_c(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.IsInitialized());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ForeignNested) {
+  // Test that TestAllTypes::NestedMessage can be embedded directly into
+  // another message.
+  UNITTEST::TestForeignNested message;
+
+  // If this compiles and runs without crashing, it must work.  We have
+  // nothing more to test.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* nested =
+    message.mutable_foreign_nested();
+  nested->set_bb(1);
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ReallyLargeTagNumber) {
+  // Test that really large tag numbers don't break anything.
+  UNITTEST::TestReallyLargeTagNumber message1, message2;
+  std::string data;
+
+  // For the most part, if this compiles and runs then we're probably good.
+  // (The most likely cause for failure would be if something were attempting
+  // to allocate a lookup table of some sort using tag numbers as the index.)
+  // We'll try serializing just for fun.
+  message1.set_a(1234);
+  message1.set_bb(5678);
+  message1.SerializeToString(&data);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, message2.a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5678, message2.bb());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, MutualRecursion) {
+  // Test that mutually-recursive message types work.
+  UNITTEST::TestMutualRecursionA message;
+  UNITTEST::TestMutualRecursionA* nested = message.mutable_bb()->mutable_a();
+  UNITTEST::TestMutualRecursionA* nested2 = nested->mutable_bb()->mutable_a();
+
+  // Again, if the above compiles and runs, that's all we really have to
+  // test, but just for run we'll check that the system didn't somehow come
+  // up with a pointer loop...
+  EXPECT_NE(&message, nested);
+  EXPECT_NE(&message, nested2);
+  EXPECT_NE(nested, nested2);
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, CamelCaseFieldNames) {
+  // This test is mainly checking that the following compiles, which verifies
+  // that the field names were coerced to lower-case.
+  //
+  // Protocol buffers standard style is to use lowercase-with-underscores for
+  // field names.  Some old proto1 .protos unfortunately used camel-case field
+  // names.  In proto1, these names were forced to lower-case.  So, we do the
+  // same thing in proto2.
+
+  UNITTEST::TestCamelCaseFieldNames message;
+
+  message.set_primitivefield(2);
+  message.set_stringfield("foo");
+  message.set_enumfield(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_FOO);
+  message.mutable_messagefield()->set_c(6);
+
+  message.add_repeatedprimitivefield(8);
+  message.add_repeatedstringfield("qux");
+  message.add_repeatedenumfield(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR);
+  message.add_repeatedmessagefield()->set_c(15);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.primitivefield());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", message.stringfield());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_FOO, message.enumfield());
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, message.messagefield().c());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, message.repeatedprimitivefield(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("qux", message.repeatedstringfield(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR, message.repeatedenumfield(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(15, message.repeatedmessagefield(0).c());
+}
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, TestOptimizedForSize) {
+  // We rely on the tests in reflection_ops_unittest and wire_format_unittest
+  // to really test that reflection-based methods work.  Here we are mostly
+  // just making sure that TestOptimizedForSize actually builds and seems to
+  // function.
+
+  UNITTEST::TestOptimizedForSize message, message2;
+  message.set_i(1);
+  message.mutable_msg()->set_c(2);
+  message2.CopyFrom(message);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message2.i());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message2.msg().c());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, TestEmbedOptimizedForSize) {
+  // Verifies that something optimized for speed can contain something optimized
+  // for size.
+
+  UNITTEST::TestEmbedOptimizedForSize message, message2;
+  message.mutable_optional_message()->set_i(1);
+  message.add_repeated_message()->mutable_msg()->set_c(2);
+  std::string data;
+  message.SerializeToString(&data);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message2.optional_message().i());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message2.repeated_message(0).msg().c());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, TestSpaceUsed) {
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message1;
+  // sizeof provides a lower bound on SpaceUsedLong().
+  EXPECT_LE(sizeof(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes), message1.SpaceUsedLong());
+  const size_t empty_message_size = message1.SpaceUsedLong();
+
+  // Setting primitive types shouldn't affect the space used.
+  message1.set_optional_int32(123);
+  message1.set_optional_int64(12345);
+  message1.set_optional_uint32(123);
+  message1.set_optional_uint64(12345);
+  EXPECT_EQ(empty_message_size, message1.SpaceUsedLong());
+
+  // On some STL implementations, setting the string to a small value should
+  // only increase SpaceUsedLong() by the size of a string object, though this
+  // is not true everywhere.
+  message1.set_optional_string("abc");
+  EXPECT_LE(empty_message_size + message1.optional_string().size(),
+            message1.SpaceUsedLong());
+
+  // Setting a string to a value larger than the string object itself should
+  // increase SpaceUsedLong(), because it cannot store the value internally.
+  message1.set_optional_string(std::string(sizeof(std::string) + 1, 'x'));
+  int min_expected_increase = message1.optional_string().capacity();
+  EXPECT_LE(empty_message_size + min_expected_increase,
+            message1.SpaceUsedLong());
+
+  size_t previous_size = message1.SpaceUsedLong();
+  // Adding an optional message should increase the size by the size of the
+  // nested message type. NestedMessage is simple enough (1 int field) that it
+  // is equal to sizeof(NestedMessage)
+  message1.mutable_optional_nested_message();
+  ASSERT_EQ(sizeof(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage),
+            message1.optional_nested_message().SpaceUsedLong());
+  EXPECT_EQ(previous_size +
+            sizeof(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage),
+            message1.SpaceUsedLong());
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, TestOneofSpaceUsed) {
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1;
+  EXPECT_LE(sizeof(UNITTEST::TestOneof2), message1.SpaceUsedLong());
+
+  const size_t empty_message_size = message1.SpaceUsedLong();
+  // Setting primitive types shouldn't affect the space used.
+  message1.set_foo_int(123);
+  message1.set_bar_int(12345);
+  EXPECT_EQ(empty_message_size, message1.SpaceUsedLong());
+
+  // Setting a string in oneof to a small value should only increase
+  // SpaceUsedLong() by the size of a string object.
+  message1.set_foo_string("abc");
+  EXPECT_LE(empty_message_size + sizeof(std::string), message1.SpaceUsedLong());
+
+  // Setting a string in oneof to a value larger than the string object itself
+  // should increase SpaceUsedLong(), because it cannot store the value
+  // internally.
+  message1.set_foo_string(std::string(sizeof(std::string) + 1, 'x'));
+  int min_expected_increase =
+      message1.foo_string().capacity() + sizeof(std::string);
+  EXPECT_LE(empty_message_size + min_expected_increase,
+            message1.SpaceUsedLong());
+
+  // Setting a message in oneof should delete the other fields and increase the
+  // size by the size of the nested message type. NestedMessage is simple enough
+  // that it is equal to sizeof(NestedMessage)
+  message1.mutable_foo_message();
+  ASSERT_EQ(sizeof(UNITTEST::TestOneof2::NestedMessage),
+            message1.foo_message().SpaceUsedLong());
+  EXPECT_EQ(empty_message_size +
+            sizeof(UNITTEST::TestOneof2::NestedMessage),
+            message1.SpaceUsedLong());
+}
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, FieldConstantValues) {
+  UNITTEST::TestRequired message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes_NestedMessage::kBbFieldNumber, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::kOptionalInt32FieldNumber, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::kOptionalgroupFieldNumber, 16);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::kOptionalNestedMessageFieldNumber, 18);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::kOptionalNestedEnumFieldNumber, 21);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::kRepeatedInt32FieldNumber, 31);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::kRepeatedgroupFieldNumber, 46);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::kRepeatedNestedMessageFieldNumber, 48);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::kRepeatedNestedEnumFieldNumber, 51);
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ExtensionConstantValues) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestRequired::kSingleFieldNumber, 1000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestRequired::kMultiFieldNumber, 1001);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::kOptionalInt32ExtensionFieldNumber, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::kOptionalgroupExtensionFieldNumber, 16);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::kOptionalNestedMessageExtensionFieldNumber, 18);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::kOptionalNestedEnumExtensionFieldNumber, 21);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::kRepeatedInt32ExtensionFieldNumber, 31);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::kRepeatedgroupExtensionFieldNumber, 46);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::kRepeatedNestedMessageExtensionFieldNumber, 48);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::kRepeatedNestedEnumExtensionFieldNumber, 51);
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ParseFromTruncated) {
+  const std::string long_string = std::string(128, 'q');
+  FileDescriptorProto p;
+  p.add_extension()->set_name(long_string);
+  const std::string msg = p.SerializeAsString();
+  int successful_count = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i <= msg.size(); i++) {
+    if (p.ParseFromArray(msg.c_str(), i)) {
+      ++successful_count;
+    }
+  }
+  // We don't really care about how often we succeeded.
+  // As long as we didn't crash, we're happy.
+  EXPECT_GE(successful_count, 1);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+TEST(GENERATED_ENUM_TEST_NAME, EnumValuesAsSwitchCases) {
+  // Test that our nested enum values can be used as switch cases.  This test
+  // doesn't actually do anything, the proof that it works is that it
+  // compiles.
+  int i =0;
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum a = UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR;
+  switch (a) {
+    case UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO:
+      i = 1;
+      break;
+    case UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR:
+      i = 2;
+      break;
+    case UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ:
+      i = 3;
+      break;
+    case UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NEG:
+      i = -1;
+      break;
+    // no default case:  We want to make sure the compiler recognizes that
+    //   all cases are covered.  (GCC warns if you do not cover all cases of
+    //   an enum in a switch.)
+  }
+
+  // Token check just for fun.
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, i);
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_ENUM_TEST_NAME, IsValidValue) {
+  // Test enum IsValidValue.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_IsValid(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_IsValid(2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_IsValid(3));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_IsValid(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_IsValid(4));
+
+  // Make sure it also works when there are dups.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue_IsValid(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue_IsValid(2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue_IsValid(3));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue_IsValid(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue_IsValid(4));
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_ENUM_TEST_NAME, MinAndMax) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NEG,
+            UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_MIN);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ,
+            UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_MAX);
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_ARRAYSIZE);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_FOO, UNITTEST::ForeignEnum_MIN);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ, UNITTEST::ForeignEnum_MAX);
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, UNITTEST::ForeignEnum_ARRAYSIZE);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue_MIN);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue_MAX);
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue_ARRAYSIZE);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::SPARSE_E, UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum_MIN);
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::SPARSE_C, UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum_MAX);
+  EXPECT_EQ(12589235, UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum_ARRAYSIZE);
+
+  // Make sure we can take the address of _MIN, _MAX and _ARRAYSIZE.
+  void* null_pointer = 0;  // NULL may be integer-type, not pointer-type.
+  EXPECT_NE(null_pointer, &UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_MIN);
+  EXPECT_NE(null_pointer, &UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_MAX);
+  EXPECT_NE(null_pointer, &UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_ARRAYSIZE);
+
+  EXPECT_NE(null_pointer, &UNITTEST::ForeignEnum_MIN);
+  EXPECT_NE(null_pointer, &UNITTEST::ForeignEnum_MAX);
+  EXPECT_NE(null_pointer, &UNITTEST::ForeignEnum_ARRAYSIZE);
+
+  // Make sure we can use _MIN and _MAX as switch cases.
+  switch (UNITTEST::SPARSE_A) {
+    case UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum_MIN:
+    case UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum_MAX:
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+
+TEST(GENERATED_ENUM_TEST_NAME, Name) {
+  // "Names" in the presence of dup values map to the first alias.
+  EXPECT_EQ("FOO1", UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue_Name(UNITTEST::FOO1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("FOO1", UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue_Name(UNITTEST::FOO2));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("SPARSE_A", UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum_Name(UNITTEST::SPARSE_A));
+  EXPECT_EQ("SPARSE_B", UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum_Name(UNITTEST::SPARSE_B));
+  EXPECT_EQ("SPARSE_C", UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum_Name(UNITTEST::SPARSE_C));
+  EXPECT_EQ("SPARSE_D", UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum_Name(UNITTEST::SPARSE_D));
+  EXPECT_EQ("SPARSE_E", UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum_Name(UNITTEST::SPARSE_E));
+  EXPECT_EQ("SPARSE_F", UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum_Name(UNITTEST::SPARSE_F));
+  EXPECT_EQ("SPARSE_G", UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum_Name(UNITTEST::SPARSE_G));
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_ENUM_TEST_NAME, Parse) {
+  UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue dup_value = UNITTEST::FOO1;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue_Parse("FOO1", &dup_value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOO1, dup_value);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue_Parse("FOO2", &dup_value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOO2, dup_value);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue_Parse("FOO", &dup_value));
+}
+
+TEST(GENERATED_ENUM_TEST_NAME, GetEnumDescriptor) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_descriptor(),
+            GetEnumDescriptor<UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::ForeignEnum_descriptor(),
+            GetEnumDescriptor<UNITTEST::ForeignEnum>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue_descriptor(),
+            GetEnumDescriptor<UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue>());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum_descriptor(),
+            GetEnumDescriptor<UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum>());
+}
+
+enum NonProtoEnum {
+  kFoo = 1,
+};
+
+TEST(GENERATED_ENUM_TEST_NAME, IsProtoEnumTypeTrait) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_proto_enum<UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum>::value);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_proto_enum<UNITTEST::ForeignEnum>::value);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_proto_enum<UNITTEST::TestEnumWithDupValue>::value);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_proto_enum<UNITTEST::TestSparseEnum>::value);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_proto_enum<int>::value);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_proto_enum<NonProtoEnum>::value);
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+
+// Support code for testing services.
+class GENERATED_SERVICE_TEST_NAME : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  class MockTestService : public UNITTEST::TestService {
+   public:
+    MockTestService()
+      : called_(false),
+        method_(""),
+        controller_(NULL),
+        request_(NULL),
+        response_(NULL),
+        done_(NULL) {}
+
+    ~MockTestService() {}
+
+    void Reset() { called_ = false; }
+
+    // implements TestService ----------------------------------------
+
+    void Foo(RpcController* controller,
+             const UNITTEST::FooRequest* request,
+             UNITTEST::FooResponse* response,
+             Closure* done) {
+      ASSERT_FALSE(called_);
+      called_ = true;
+      method_ = "Foo";
+      controller_ = controller;
+      request_ = request;
+      response_ = response;
+      done_ = done;
+    }
+
+    void Bar(RpcController* controller,
+             const UNITTEST::BarRequest* request,
+             UNITTEST::BarResponse* response,
+             Closure* done) {
+      ASSERT_FALSE(called_);
+      called_ = true;
+      method_ = "Bar";
+      controller_ = controller;
+      request_ = request;
+      response_ = response;
+      done_ = done;
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    bool called_;
+    std::string method_;
+    RpcController* controller_;
+    const Message* request_;
+    Message* response_;
+    Closure* done_;
+  };
+
+  class MockRpcChannel : public RpcChannel {
+   public:
+    MockRpcChannel()
+      : called_(false),
+        method_(NULL),
+        controller_(NULL),
+        request_(NULL),
+        response_(NULL),
+        done_(NULL),
+        destroyed_(NULL) {}
+
+    ~MockRpcChannel() {
+      if (destroyed_ != NULL) *destroyed_ = true;
+    }
+
+    void Reset() { called_ = false; }
+
+    // implements TestService ----------------------------------------
+
+    void CallMethod(const MethodDescriptor* method,
+                    RpcController* controller,
+                    const Message* request,
+                    Message* response,
+                    Closure* done) {
+      ASSERT_FALSE(called_);
+      called_ = true;
+      method_ = method;
+      controller_ = controller;
+      request_ = request;
+      response_ = response;
+      done_ = done;
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    bool called_;
+    const MethodDescriptor* method_;
+    RpcController* controller_;
+    const Message* request_;
+    Message* response_;
+    Closure* done_;
+    bool* destroyed_;
+  };
+
+  class MockController : public RpcController {
+   public:
+    void Reset() {
+      ADD_FAILURE() << "Reset() not expected during this test.";
+    }
+    bool Failed() const {
+      ADD_FAILURE() << "Failed() not expected during this test.";
+      return false;
+    }
+    std::string ErrorText() const {
+      ADD_FAILURE() << "ErrorText() not expected during this test.";
+      return "";
+    }
+    void StartCancel() {
+      ADD_FAILURE() << "StartCancel() not expected during this test.";
+    }
+    void SetFailed(const std::string& reason) {
+      ADD_FAILURE() << "SetFailed() not expected during this test.";
+    }
+    bool IsCanceled() const {
+      ADD_FAILURE() << "IsCanceled() not expected during this test.";
+      return false;
+    }
+    void NotifyOnCancel(Closure* callback) {
+      ADD_FAILURE() << "NotifyOnCancel() not expected during this test.";
+    }
+  };
+
+  GENERATED_SERVICE_TEST_NAME()
+    : descriptor_(UNITTEST::TestService::descriptor()),
+      foo_(descriptor_->FindMethodByName("Foo")),
+      bar_(descriptor_->FindMethodByName("Bar")),
+      stub_(&mock_channel_),
+      done_(::google::protobuf::NewPermanentCallback(&DoNothing)) {}
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(foo_ != NULL);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(bar_ != NULL);
+  }
+
+  const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  const MethodDescriptor* foo_;
+  const MethodDescriptor* bar_;
+
+  MockTestService mock_service_;
+  MockController mock_controller_;
+
+  MockRpcChannel mock_channel_;
+  UNITTEST::TestService::Stub stub_;
+
+  // Just so we don't have to re-define these with every test.
+  UNITTEST::FooRequest foo_request_;
+  UNITTEST::FooResponse foo_response_;
+  UNITTEST::BarRequest bar_request_;
+  UNITTEST::BarResponse bar_response_;
+  std::unique_ptr<Closure> done_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(GENERATED_SERVICE_TEST_NAME, GetDescriptor) {
+  // Test that GetDescriptor() works.
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(descriptor_, mock_service_.GetDescriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_F(GENERATED_SERVICE_TEST_NAME, GetChannel) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(&mock_channel_, stub_.channel());
+}
+
+TEST_F(GENERATED_SERVICE_TEST_NAME, OwnsChannel) {
+  MockRpcChannel* channel = new MockRpcChannel;
+  bool destroyed = false;
+  channel->destroyed_ = &destroyed;
+
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestService::Stub owning_stub(channel,
+                                            Service::STUB_OWNS_CHANNEL);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(destroyed);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(destroyed);
+}
+
+TEST_F(GENERATED_SERVICE_TEST_NAME, CallMethod) {
+  // Test that CallMethod() works.
+
+  // Call Foo() via CallMethod().
+  mock_service_.CallMethod(foo_, &mock_controller_,
+                           &foo_request_, &foo_response_, done_.get());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mock_service_.called_);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("Foo"            , mock_service_.method_    );
+  EXPECT_EQ(&mock_controller_, mock_service_.controller_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&foo_request_    , mock_service_.request_   );
+  EXPECT_EQ(&foo_response_   , mock_service_.response_  );
+  EXPECT_EQ(done_.get()      , mock_service_.done_      );
+
+  // Try again, but call Bar() instead.
+  mock_service_.Reset();
+  mock_service_.CallMethod(bar_, &mock_controller_,
+                           &bar_request_, &bar_response_, done_.get());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mock_service_.called_);
+  EXPECT_EQ("Bar", mock_service_.method_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(GENERATED_SERVICE_TEST_NAME, CallMethodTypeFailure) {
+  // Verify death if we call Foo() with Bar's message types.
+
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST  // death tests do not work on Windows yet
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(
+    mock_service_.CallMethod(foo_, &mock_controller_,
+                             &foo_request_, &bar_response_, done_.get()),
+    "dynamic_cast");
+
+  mock_service_.Reset();
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(
+    mock_service_.CallMethod(foo_, &mock_controller_,
+                             &bar_request_, &foo_response_, done_.get()),
+    "dynamic_cast");
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+}
+
+TEST_F(GENERATED_SERVICE_TEST_NAME, GetPrototypes) {
+  // Test Get{Request,Response}Prototype() methods.
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(&UNITTEST::FooRequest::default_instance(),
+            &mock_service_.GetRequestPrototype(foo_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&UNITTEST::BarRequest::default_instance(),
+            &mock_service_.GetRequestPrototype(bar_));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(&UNITTEST::FooResponse::default_instance(),
+            &mock_service_.GetResponsePrototype(foo_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&UNITTEST::BarResponse::default_instance(),
+            &mock_service_.GetResponsePrototype(bar_));
+}
+
+TEST_F(GENERATED_SERVICE_TEST_NAME, Stub) {
+  // Test that the stub class works.
+
+  // Call Foo() via the stub.
+  stub_.Foo(&mock_controller_, &foo_request_, &foo_response_, done_.get());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mock_channel_.called_);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_             , mock_channel_.method_    );
+  EXPECT_EQ(&mock_controller_, mock_channel_.controller_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&foo_request_    , mock_channel_.request_   );
+  EXPECT_EQ(&foo_response_   , mock_channel_.response_  );
+  EXPECT_EQ(done_.get()      , mock_channel_.done_      );
+
+  // Call Bar() via the stub.
+  mock_channel_.Reset();
+  stub_.Bar(&mock_controller_, &bar_request_, &bar_response_, done_.get());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mock_channel_.called_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_, mock_channel_.method_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(GENERATED_SERVICE_TEST_NAME, NotImplemented) {
+  // Test that failing to implement a method of a service causes it to fail
+  // with a "not implemented" error message.
+
+  // A service which doesn't implement any methods.
+  class UnimplementedService : public UNITTEST::TestService {
+   public:
+    UnimplementedService() {}
+  };
+
+  UnimplementedService unimplemented_service;
+
+  // And a controller which expects to get a "not implemented" error.
+  class ExpectUnimplementedController : public MockController {
+   public:
+    ExpectUnimplementedController() : called_(false) {}
+
+    void SetFailed(const std::string& reason) {
+      EXPECT_FALSE(called_);
+      called_ = true;
+      EXPECT_EQ("Method Foo() not implemented.", reason);
+    }
+
+    bool called_;
+  };
+
+  ExpectUnimplementedController controller;
+
+  // Call Foo.
+  unimplemented_service.Foo(&controller, &foo_request_, &foo_response_,
+                            done_.get());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(controller.called_);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class OneofTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+  }
+
+  void ExpectEnumCasesWork(const UNITTEST::TestOneof2 &message) {
+    switch (message.foo_case()) {
+      case UNITTEST::TestOneof2::kFooInt:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_int());
+        break;
+      case UNITTEST::TestOneof2::kFooString:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string());
+        break;
+      case UNITTEST::TestOneof2::kFooCord:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_cord());
+        break;
+      case UNITTEST::TestOneof2::kFooStringPiece:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string_piece());
+        break;
+      case UNITTEST::TestOneof2::kFooBytes:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_bytes());
+        break;
+      case UNITTEST::TestOneof2::kFooEnum:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_enum());
+        break;
+      case UNITTEST::TestOneof2::kFooMessage:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_message());
+        break;
+      case UNITTEST::TestOneof2::kFoogroup:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foogroup());
+        break;
+      case UNITTEST::TestOneof2::kFooLazyMessage:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_lazy_message());
+        break;
+      case UNITTEST::TestOneof2::FOO_NOT_SET:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, SettingOneFieldClearsOthers) {
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message;
+
+  message.set_foo_int(123);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_int());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message);
+
+  message.set_foo_string("foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message);
+
+
+  message.set_foo_bytes("qux");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_bytes());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message);
+
+  message.set_foo_enum(UNITTEST::TestOneof2::FOO);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_enum());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message);
+
+  message.mutable_foo_message()->set_qux_int(234);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_message());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message);
+
+  message.mutable_foogroup()->set_a(345);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foogroup());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message);
+
+
+  // we repeat this because we didn't test if this properly clears other fields
+  // at the beginning.
+  message.set_foo_int(123);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_int());
+  TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message);
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, EnumCases) {
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message;
+
+  message.set_foo_int(123);
+  ExpectEnumCasesWork(message);
+  message.set_foo_string("foo");
+  ExpectEnumCasesWork(message);
+  message.set_foo_bytes("qux");
+  ExpectEnumCasesWork(message);
+  message.set_foo_enum(UNITTEST::TestOneof2::FOO);
+  ExpectEnumCasesWork(message);
+  message.mutable_foo_message()->set_qux_int(234);
+  ExpectEnumCasesWork(message);
+  message.mutable_foogroup()->set_a(345);
+  ExpectEnumCasesWork(message);
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, PrimitiveType) {
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message;
+  // Unset field returns default value
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_int(), 0);
+
+  message.set_foo_int(123);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_int());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_int(), 123);
+  message.clear_foo_int();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_int());
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, EnumType) {
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message;
+  // Unset field returns default value
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_enum(), 1);
+
+  message.set_foo_enum(UNITTEST::TestOneof2::FOO);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_enum(), UNITTEST::TestOneof2::FOO);
+  message.clear_foo_enum();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_enum());
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, SetString) {
+  // Check that setting a string field in various ways works
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message;
+
+  // Unset field returns default value
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_string(), "");
+
+  message.set_foo_string("foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_string(), "foo");
+  message.clear_foo_string();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_string());
+
+  message.set_foo_string(std::string("bar"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_string(), "bar");
+  message.clear_foo_string();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_string());
+
+
+  message.set_foo_string("qux", 3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_string(), "qux");
+  message.clear_foo_string();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_string());
+
+  message.mutable_foo_string()->assign("quux");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_string(), "quux");
+  message.clear_foo_string();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_string());
+
+  message.set_foo_string("corge");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_string(), "corge");
+  message.clear_foo_string();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_string());
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, ReleaseString) {
+  // Check that release_foo() starts out NULL, and gives us a value
+  // that we can delete after it's been set.
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, message.release_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_string());
+
+  message.set_foo_string("blah");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string());
+  std::unique_ptr<std::string> str(message.release_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_string());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(str != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ("blah", *str);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, message.release_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_string());
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, SetAllocatedString) {
+  // Check that set_allocated_foo() works for strings.
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_string());
+  const std::string kHello("hello");
+  message.set_foo_string(kHello);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string());
+
+  message.set_allocated_foo_string(NULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.foo_string());
+
+  message.set_allocated_foo_string(new std::string(kHello));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kHello, message.foo_string());
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, SetMessage) {
+  // Check that setting a message field works
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message;
+
+  // Unset field returns default instance
+  EXPECT_EQ(&message.foo_message(),
+            &UNITTEST::TestOneof2_NestedMessage::default_instance());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_message().qux_int(), 0);
+
+  message.mutable_foo_message()->set_qux_int(234);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_message().qux_int(), 234);
+  message.clear_foo_message();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_message());
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, ReleaseMessage) {
+  // Check that release_foo() starts out NULL, and gives us a value
+  // that we can delete after it's been set.
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, message.release_foo_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_message());
+
+  message.mutable_foo_message()->set_qux_int(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_message());
+  std::unique_ptr<UNITTEST::TestOneof2_NestedMessage> mes(
+      message.release_foo_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_message());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mes != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, mes->qux_int());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, message.release_foo_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_message());
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, SetAllocatedMessage) {
+  // Check that set_allocated_foo() works for messages.
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_message());
+
+  message.mutable_foo_message()->set_qux_int(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_message());
+
+  message.set_allocated_foo_message(NULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&message.foo_message(),
+            &UNITTEST::TestOneof2_NestedMessage::default_instance());
+
+  message.mutable_foo_message()->set_qux_int(1);
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2_NestedMessage* mes = message.release_foo_message();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mes != NULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_message());
+
+  message.set_allocated_foo_message(mes);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.foo_message().qux_int());
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, Clear) {
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message;
+
+  message.set_foo_int(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_int());
+  message.clear_foo_int();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_int());
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, Defaults) {
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_int());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_int(), 0);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_string(), "");
+
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_bytes());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_bytes(), "");
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_enum(), 1);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_message().qux_int(), 0);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foogroup());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foogroup().a(), 0);
+
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_bar_int());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.bar_int(), 5);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_bar_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.bar_string(), "STRING");
+
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_bar_bytes());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.bar_bytes(), "BYTES");
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_bar_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.bar_enum(), 2);
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, SwapWithEmpty) {
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+  message1.set_foo_string("FOO");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message1.has_foo_string());
+  message1.Swap(&message2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message1.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_string(), "FOO");
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, SwapWithSelf) {
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message;
+  message.set_foo_string("FOO");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string());
+  message.Swap(&message);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.foo_string(), "FOO");
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, SwapBothHasFields) {
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+
+  message1.set_foo_string("FOO");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message1.has_foo_string());
+  message2.mutable_foo_message()->set_qux_int(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.has_foo_message());
+
+  message1.Swap(&message2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message1.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message2.has_foo_message());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message1.has_foo_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message1.foo_message().qux_int(), 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_string(), "FOO");
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, CopyConstructor) {
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1;
+  message1.set_foo_bytes("FOO");
+
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message2(message1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.has_foo_bytes());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_bytes(), "FOO");
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, CopyFrom) {
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+  message1.set_foo_enum(UNITTEST::TestOneof2::BAR);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message1.has_foo_enum());
+
+  message2.CopyFrom(message1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.has_foo_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_enum(), UNITTEST::TestOneof2::BAR);
+
+  // Copying from self should be a no-op.
+  message2.CopyFrom(message2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.has_foo_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_enum(), UNITTEST::TestOneof2::BAR);
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, CopyAssignmentOperator) {
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1;
+  message1.mutable_foo_message()->set_qux_int(123);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message1.has_foo_message());
+
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message2;
+  message2 = message1;
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_message().qux_int(), 123);
+
+  // Make sure that self-assignment does something sane.
+  message2 = *&message2;  // Avoid -Wself-assign.
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_message().qux_int(), 123);
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, UpcastCopyFrom) {
+  // Test the CopyFrom method that takes in the generic const Message&
+  // parameter.
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+  message1.mutable_foogroup()->set_a(123);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message1.has_foogroup());
+
+  const Message* source = implicit_cast<const Message*>(&message1);
+  message2.CopyFrom(*source);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.has_foogroup());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.foogroup().a(), 123);
+}
+
+// Test the generated SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(),
+// This indirectly tests MergePartialFromCodedStream()
+// We have to test each field type separately because we cannot set them at the
+// same time
+TEST_F(OneofTest, SerializationToArray) {
+  // Primitive type
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+std::string data;
+message1.set_foo_int(123);
+int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+data.resize(size);
+uint8* start = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data));
+uint8* end = message1.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(start);
+EXPECT_EQ(size, end - start);
+EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_int(), 123);
+  }
+
+  // String
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+    std::string data;
+    message1.set_foo_string("foo");
+    int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+    data.resize(size);
+    uint8* start = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data));
+    uint8* end = message1.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(start);
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, end - start);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_string(), "foo");
+  }
+
+
+  // Bytes
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+    std::string data;
+    message1.set_foo_bytes("qux");
+    int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+    data.resize(size);
+    uint8* start = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data));
+    uint8* end = message1.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(start);
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, end - start);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_bytes(), "qux");
+  }
+
+  // Enum
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+    std::string data;
+    message1.set_foo_enum(UNITTEST::TestOneof2::FOO);
+    int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+    data.resize(size);
+    uint8* start = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data));
+    uint8* end = message1.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(start);
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, end - start);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_enum(), UNITTEST::TestOneof2::FOO);
+  }
+
+  // Message
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+    std::string data;
+    message1.mutable_foo_message()->set_qux_int(234);
+    int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+    data.resize(size);
+    uint8* start = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data));
+    uint8* end = message1.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(start);
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, end - start);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_message().qux_int(), 234);
+  }
+
+  // Group
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+    std::string data;
+    message1.mutable_foogroup()->set_a(345);
+    int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+    data.resize(size);
+    uint8* start = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data));
+    uint8* end = message1.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(start);
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, end - start);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message2.foogroup().a(), 345);
+  }
+
+}
+
+// Test the generated SerializeWithCachedSizes() by forcing the buffer to write
+// one byte at a time.
+// This indirectly tests MergePartialFromCodedStream()
+// We have to test each field type separately because we cannot set them at the
+// same time
+TEST_F(OneofTest, SerializationToStream) {
+  // Primitive type
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+std::string data;
+message1.set_foo_int(123);
+int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+data.resize(size);
+
+{
+  // Allow the output stream to buffer only one byte at a time.
+  io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data), size, 1);
+  io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+  message1.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+  EXPECT_EQ(size, output_stream.ByteCount());
+}
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_int(), 123);
+  }
+
+  // String
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+    std::string data;
+    message1.set_foo_string("foo");
+    int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+    data.resize(size);
+
+    {
+      // Allow the output stream to buffer only one byte at a time.
+      io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data), size, 1);
+      io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+      message1.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+      EXPECT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+      EXPECT_EQ(size, output_stream.ByteCount());
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_string(), "foo");
+  }
+
+
+  // Bytes
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+    std::string data;
+    message1.set_foo_bytes("qux");
+    int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+    data.resize(size);
+
+    {
+      // Allow the output stream to buffer only one byte at a time.
+      io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data), size, 1);
+      io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+      message1.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+      EXPECT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+      EXPECT_EQ(size, output_stream.ByteCount());
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_bytes(), "qux");
+  }
+
+  // Enum
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+    std::string data;
+    message1.set_foo_enum(UNITTEST::TestOneof2::FOO);
+    int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+    data.resize(size);
+
+    {
+      // Allow the output stream to buffer only one byte at a time.
+      io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data), size, 1);
+      io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+      message1.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+      EXPECT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+      EXPECT_EQ(size, output_stream.ByteCount());
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_enum(), UNITTEST::TestOneof2::FOO);
+  }
+
+  // Message
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+    std::string data;
+    message1.mutable_foo_message()->set_qux_int(234);
+    int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+    data.resize(size);
+
+    {
+      // Allow the output stream to buffer only one byte at a time.
+      io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data), size, 1);
+      io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+      message1.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+      EXPECT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+      EXPECT_EQ(size, output_stream.ByteCount());
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_message().qux_int(), 234);
+  }
+
+  // Group
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+    std::string data;
+    message1.mutable_foogroup()->set_a(345);
+    int size = message1.ByteSizeLong();
+    data.resize(size);
+
+    {
+      // Allow the output stream to buffer only one byte at a time.
+      io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data), size, 1);
+      io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+      message1.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+      EXPECT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+      EXPECT_EQ(size, output_stream.ByteCount());
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message2.foogroup().a(), 345);
+  }
+
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofTest, MergeFrom) {
+  UNITTEST::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+
+  message1.set_foo_int(123);
+  message2.MergeFrom(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.has_foo_int());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_int(), 123);
+
+  message1.set_foo_string("foo");
+  message2.MergeFrom(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_string(), "foo");
+
+
+  message1.set_foo_bytes("qux");
+  message2.MergeFrom(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.has_foo_bytes());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_bytes(), "qux");
+
+  message1.set_foo_enum(UNITTEST::TestOneof2::FOO);
+  message2.MergeFrom(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.has_foo_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_enum(), UNITTEST::TestOneof2::FOO);
+
+  message1.mutable_foo_message()->set_qux_int(234);
+  message2.MergeFrom(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.has_foo_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.foo_message().qux_int(), 234);
+
+  message1.mutable_foogroup()->set_a(345);
+  message2.MergeFrom(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.has_foogroup());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.foogroup().a(), 345);
+
+}
+
+TEST(HELPERS_TEST_NAME, TestSCC) {
+  UNITTEST::TestMutualRecursionA a;
+  MessageSCCAnalyzer scc_analyzer((Options()));
+  const SCC* scc = scc_analyzer.GetSCC(a.GetDescriptor());
+  std::vector<std::string> names;
+  names.reserve(scc->descriptors.size());
+  for (int i = 0; i < scc->descriptors.size(); i++) {
+    names.push_back(scc->descriptors[i]->full_name());
+  }
+  std::string package = a.GetDescriptor()->file()->package();
+  ASSERT_EQ(names.size(), 4);
+  std::sort(names.begin(), names.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(names[0], package + ".TestMutualRecursionA");
+  EXPECT_EQ(names[1], package + ".TestMutualRecursionA.SubGroup");
+  EXPECT_EQ(names[2], package + ".TestMutualRecursionA.SubMessage");
+  EXPECT_EQ(names[3], package + ".TestMutualRecursionB");
+
+  MessageAnalysis result = scc_analyzer.GetSCCAnalysis(scc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.is_recursive, true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.contains_required, false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.contains_cord, true);  // TestAllTypes
+  EXPECT_EQ(result.contains_extension, false);  // TestAllTypes
+}
+
+TEST(HELPERS_TEST_NAME, TestSCCAnalysis) {
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestRecursiveMessage msg;
+    MessageSCCAnalyzer scc_analyzer((Options()));
+    const SCC* scc = scc_analyzer.GetSCC(msg.GetDescriptor());
+    MessageAnalysis result = scc_analyzer.GetSCCAnalysis(scc);
+    EXPECT_EQ(result.is_recursive, true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(result.contains_required, false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(result.contains_cord, false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(result.contains_extension, false);
+  }
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions msg;
+    MessageSCCAnalyzer scc_analyzer((Options()));
+    const SCC* scc = scc_analyzer.GetSCC(msg.GetDescriptor());
+    MessageAnalysis result = scc_analyzer.GetSCCAnalysis(scc);
+    EXPECT_EQ(result.is_recursive, false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(result.contains_required, false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(result.contains_cord, false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(result.contains_extension, true);
+  }
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestRequired msg;
+    MessageSCCAnalyzer scc_analyzer((Options()));
+    const SCC* scc = scc_analyzer.GetSCC(msg.GetDescriptor());
+    MessageAnalysis result = scc_analyzer.GetSCCAnalysis(scc);
+    EXPECT_EQ(result.is_recursive, false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(result.contains_required, true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(result.contains_cord, false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(result.contains_extension, false);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp_unittest
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+
+namespace no_generic_services_test {
+  // Verify that no class called "TestService" was defined in
+  // unittest_no_generic_services.pb.h by defining a different type by the same
+  // name.  If such a service was generated, this will not compile.
+  struct TestService {
+    int i;
+  };
+}
+
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+namespace cpp_unittest {
+
+TEST_F(GENERATED_SERVICE_TEST_NAME, NoGenericServices) {
+  // Verify that non-services in unittest_no_generic_services.proto were
+  // generated.
+  ::protobuf_unittest::no_generic_services_test::TestMessage message;
+  message.set_a(1);
+  message.SetExtension(
+      ::protobuf_unittest::no_generic_services_test::test_extension, 123);
+  ::protobuf_unittest::no_generic_services_test::TestEnum e =
+      ::protobuf_unittest::no_generic_services_test::FOO;
+  EXPECT_EQ(e, 1);
+
+  // Verify that a ServiceDescriptor is generated for the service even if the
+  // class itself is not.
+  const FileDescriptor* file =
+      ::google::protobuf::unittest::no_generic_services_test::TestMessage::descriptor()
+          ->file();
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, file->service_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestService", file->service(0)->name());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, file->service(0)->method_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Foo", file->service(0)->method(0)->name());
+}
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// This test must run last.  It verifies that descriptors were or were not
+// initialized depending on whether PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS was defined.
+// When this is defined, we skip all tests which are expected to trigger
+// descriptor initialization.  This verifies that everything else still works
+// if descriptors are not initialized.
+TEST(DESCRIPTOR_INIT_TEST_NAME, Initialized) {
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+  bool should_have_descriptors = false;
+#else
+  bool should_have_descriptors = true;
+#endif
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(should_have_descriptors,
+            DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->InternalIsFileLoaded(
+                TestUtil::MaybeTranslatePath(UNITTEST_PROTO_PATH)));
+}
+
+}  // namespace cpp_unittest
+
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/metadata_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/metadata_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a16c8b530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/metadata_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/annotation_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+namespace atu = annotation_test_util;
+
+namespace {
+
+class CppMetadataTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  // Tries to capture a FileDescriptorProto, GeneratedCodeInfo, and output
+  // code from the previously added file with name `filename`. Returns true on
+  // success. If pb_h is non-null, expects a .pb.h and a .pb.h.meta (copied to
+  // pb_h and pb_h_info respecfively); similarly for proto_h and proto_h_info.
+  bool CaptureMetadata(const std::string& filename, FileDescriptorProto* file,
+                       std::string* pb_h, GeneratedCodeInfo* pb_h_info,
+                       std::string* proto_h, GeneratedCodeInfo* proto_h_info,
+                       std::string* pb_cc) {
+    CommandLineInterface cli;
+    CppGenerator cpp_generator;
+    cli.RegisterGenerator("--cpp_out", &cpp_generator, "");
+    std::string cpp_out =
+        "--cpp_out=annotate_headers=true,"
+        "annotation_pragma_name=pragma_name,"
+        "annotation_guard_name=guard_name:" +
+        TestTempDir();
+
+    const bool result = atu::RunProtoCompiler(filename, cpp_out, &cli, file);
+
+    if (!result) {
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    std::string output_base = TestTempDir() + "/" + StripProto(filename);
+
+    if (pb_cc != NULL) {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(
+          File::GetContents(output_base + ".pb.cc", pb_cc, true));
+    }
+
+    if (pb_h != NULL && pb_h_info != NULL) {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(
+          File::GetContents(output_base + ".pb.h", pb_h, true));
+      if (!atu::DecodeMetadata(output_base + ".pb.h.meta", pb_h_info)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (proto_h != NULL && proto_h_info != NULL) {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(output_base + ".proto.h", proto_h,
+                                 true));
+      if (!atu::DecodeMetadata(output_base + ".proto.h.meta", proto_h_info)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+const char kSmallTestFile[] =
+    "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+    "package foo;\n"
+    "enum Enum { VALUE = 0; }\n"
+    "message Message { }\n";
+
+TEST_F(CppMetadataTest, CapturesEnumNames) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file;
+  GeneratedCodeInfo info;
+  std::string pb_h;
+  atu::AddFile("test.proto", kSmallTestFile);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      CaptureMetadata("test.proto", &file, &pb_h, &info, NULL, NULL, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ("Enum", file.enum_type(0).name());
+  std::vector<int> enum_path;
+  enum_path.push_back(FileDescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber);
+  enum_path.push_back(0);
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* enum_annotation =
+      atu::FindAnnotationOnPath(info, "test.proto", enum_path);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(NULL != enum_annotation);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(atu::AnnotationMatchesSubstring(pb_h, enum_annotation, "Enum"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(CppMetadataTest, AddsPragma) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file;
+  GeneratedCodeInfo info;
+  std::string pb_h;
+  atu::AddFile("test.proto", kSmallTestFile);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      CaptureMetadata("test.proto", &file, &pb_h, &info, NULL, NULL, NULL));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pb_h.find("#ifdef guard_name") != std::string::npos);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pb_h.find("#pragma pragma_name \"test.pb.h.meta\"") !=
+              std::string::npos);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CppMetadataTest, CapturesMessageNames) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file;
+  GeneratedCodeInfo info;
+  std::string pb_h;
+  atu::AddFile("test.proto", kSmallTestFile);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      CaptureMetadata("test.proto", &file, &pb_h, &info, NULL, NULL, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ("Message", file.message_type(0).name());
+  std::vector<int> message_path;
+  message_path.push_back(FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber);
+  message_path.push_back(0);
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* message_annotation =
+      atu::FindAnnotationOnPath(info, "test.proto", message_path);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(NULL != message_annotation);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      atu::AnnotationMatchesSubstring(pb_h, message_annotation, "Message"));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_bootstrap_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_bootstrap_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..978fdf02b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_bootstrap_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This test insures that
+// csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/Descriptor.cs  match exactly
+// what would be generated by the protocol compiler.  The file is not
+// generated automatically at build time.
+//
+// If this test fails, run the script
+// "generate_descriptor_proto.sh" and add the changed files under
+// csharp/src/ to your changelist.
+
+#include <map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/importer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+namespace {
+
+class MockErrorCollector : public MultiFileErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  MockErrorCollector() {}
+  ~MockErrorCollector() {}
+
+  string text_;
+
+  // implements ErrorCollector ---------------------------------------
+  void AddError(const string& filename, int line, int column,
+                const string& message) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&text_, "$0:$1:$2: $3\n",
+                                 filename, line, column, message);
+  }
+};
+
+class MockGeneratorContext : public GeneratorContext {
+ public:
+  void ExpectFileMatches(const string& virtual_filename,
+                         const string& physical_filename) {
+    auto it = files_.find(virtual_filename);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it != files_.end())
+      << "Generator failed to generate file: " << virtual_filename;
+    string expected_contents = *it->second;
+
+    string actual_contents;
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(
+        File::GetContentsAsText(TestSourceDir() + "/" + physical_filename,
+                          &actual_contents, true))
+        << "Unable to get " << physical_filename;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(actual_contents == expected_contents)
+      << physical_filename << " needs to be regenerated.  Please run "
+         "generate_descriptor_proto.sh. Then add this file "
+         "to your CL.";
+  }
+
+  // implements GeneratorContext --------------------------------------
+
+  virtual io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* Open(const string& filename) {
+    auto& map_slot = files_[filename];
+    map_slot.reset(new std::string);
+    return new io::StringOutputStream(map_slot.get());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<std::string>> files_;
+};
+
+class GenerateAndTest {
+ public:
+  GenerateAndTest() {}
+  void Run(const FileDescriptor* proto_file, string file1, string file2) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(proto_file != NULL) << TestSourceDir();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(generator_.Generate(proto_file, parameter_,
+                                    &context_, &error_));
+    context_.ExpectFileMatches(file1, file2);
+  }
+  void SetParameter(string parameter) {
+    parameter_ = parameter;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  Generator generator_;
+  MockGeneratorContext context_;
+  string error_;
+  string parameter_;
+};
+
+TEST(CsharpBootstrapTest, GeneratedCsharpDescriptorMatches) {
+  // Skip this whole test if the csharp directory doesn't exist (i.e., a C++11
+  // only distribution).
+  string descriptor_file_name =
+      "../csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/Descriptor.cs";
+  if (!File::Exists(TestSourceDir() + "/" + descriptor_file_name)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  MockErrorCollector error_collector;
+  DiskSourceTree source_tree;
+  Importer importer(&source_tree, &error_collector);
+  GenerateAndTest generate_test;
+
+  generate_test.SetParameter("base_namespace=Google.Protobuf");
+  source_tree.MapPath("", TestSourceDir());
+  generate_test.Run(importer.Import("google/protobuf/descriptor.proto"),
+                    "Reflection/Descriptor.cs",
+                    "../csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Reflection/Descriptor.cs");
+  generate_test.Run(importer.Import("google/protobuf/any.proto"),
+                    "WellKnownTypes/Any.cs",
+                    "../csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Any.cs");
+  generate_test.Run(importer.Import("google/protobuf/api.proto"),
+                    "WellKnownTypes/Api.cs",
+                    "../csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Api.cs");
+  generate_test.Run(importer.Import("google/protobuf/duration.proto"),
+                    "WellKnownTypes/Duration.cs",
+                    "../csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Duration.cs");
+  generate_test.Run(importer.Import("google/protobuf/empty.proto"),
+                    "WellKnownTypes/Empty.cs",
+                    "../csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Empty.cs");
+  generate_test.Run(importer.Import("google/protobuf/field_mask.proto"),
+                    "WellKnownTypes/FieldMask.cs",
+                    "../csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/FieldMask.cs");
+  generate_test.Run(importer.Import("google/protobuf/source_context.proto"),
+                    "WellKnownTypes/SourceContext.cs",
+                    "../csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/SourceContext.cs");
+  generate_test.Run(importer.Import("google/protobuf/struct.proto"),
+                    "WellKnownTypes/Struct.cs",
+                    "../csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Struct.cs");
+  generate_test.Run(importer.Import("google/protobuf/timestamp.proto"),
+                    "WellKnownTypes/Timestamp.cs",
+                    "../csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Timestamp.cs");
+  generate_test.Run(importer.Import("google/protobuf/type.proto"),
+                    "WellKnownTypes/Type.cs",
+                    "../csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Type.cs");
+  generate_test.Run(importer.Import("google/protobuf/wrappers.proto"),
+                    "WellKnownTypes/Wrappers.cs",
+                    "../csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/WellKnownTypes/Wrappers.cs");
+
+  generate_test.SetParameter("");
+  source_tree.MapPath("", TestSourceDir() + "/../conformance");
+  generate_test.Run(importer.Import("conformance.proto"),
+                    "Conformance.cs",
+                    "../csharp/src/Google.Protobuf.Conformance/Conformance.cs");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("", error_collector.text_);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4e9ff407
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+// Functions to create C# XML documentation comments.
+// Currently this only includes documentation comments containing text specified as comments
+// in the .proto file; documentation comments generated just from field/message/enum/proto names
+// is inlined in the relevant code. If more control is required, that code can be moved here.
+
+void WriteDocCommentBodyImpl(io::Printer* printer, SourceLocation location) {
+    string comments = location.leading_comments.empty() ?
+        location.trailing_comments : location.leading_comments;
+    if (comments.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // XML escaping... no need for apostrophes etc as the whole text is going to be a child
+    // node of a summary element, not part of an attribute.
+    comments = StringReplace(comments, "&", "&amp;", true);
+    comments = StringReplace(comments, "<", "&lt;", true);
+    std::vector<string> lines;
+    lines = Split(comments, "\n", false);
+    // TODO: We really should work out which part to put in the summary and which to put in the remarks...
+    // but that needs to be part of a bigger effort to understand the markdown better anyway.
+    printer->Print("/// <summary>\n");
+    bool last_was_empty = false;
+    // We squash multiple blank lines down to one, and remove any trailing blank lines. We need
+    // to preserve the blank lines themselves, as this is relevant in the markdown.
+    // Note that we can't remove leading or trailing whitespace as *that's* relevant in markdown too.
+    // (We don't skip "just whitespace" lines, either.)
+    for (std::vector<string>::iterator it = lines.begin(); it != lines.end(); ++it) {
+        string line = *it;
+        if (line.empty()) {
+            last_was_empty = true;
+        } else {
+            if (last_was_empty) {
+                printer->Print("///\n");
+            }
+            last_was_empty = false;
+            printer->Print("///$line$\n", "line", *it);
+        }
+    }
+    printer->Print("/// </summary>\n");
+}
+
+template <typename DescriptorType>
+static void WriteDocCommentBody(
+    io::Printer* printer, const DescriptorType* descriptor) {
+    SourceLocation location;
+    if (descriptor->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+        WriteDocCommentBodyImpl(printer, location);
+    }
+}
+
+void WriteMessageDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor* message) {
+    WriteDocCommentBody(printer, message);
+}
+
+void WritePropertyDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+    WriteDocCommentBody(printer, field);
+}
+
+void WriteEnumDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const EnumDescriptor* enumDescriptor) {
+    WriteDocCommentBody(printer, enumDescriptor);
+}
+void WriteEnumValueDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const EnumValueDescriptor* value) {
+    WriteDocCommentBody(printer, value);
+}
+
+void WriteMethodDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const MethodDescriptor* method) {
+    WriteDocCommentBody(printer, method);
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75eb0ea04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_DOC_COMMENT_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_DOC_COMMENT_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+    void WriteMessageDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor* message);
+    void WritePropertyDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const FieldDescriptor* field);
+    void WriteEnumDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const EnumDescriptor* enumDescriptor);
+    void WriteEnumValueDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const EnumValueDescriptor* value);
+    void WriteMethodDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const MethodDescriptor* method);
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_DOC_COMMENT_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2baefd84e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+EnumGenerator::EnumGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor, const Options* options) :
+    SourceGeneratorBase(descriptor->file(), options),
+    descriptor_(descriptor) {
+}
+
+EnumGenerator::~EnumGenerator() {
+}
+
+void EnumGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WriteEnumDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print("$access_level$ enum $name$ {\n",
+                 "access_level", class_access_level(),
+                 "name", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+  std::set<string> used_names;
+  std::set<int> used_number;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
+      WriteEnumValueDocComment(printer, descriptor_->value(i));
+      string original_name = descriptor_->value(i)->name();
+      string name = GetEnumValueName(descriptor_->name(), descriptor_->value(i)->name());
+      // Make sure we don't get any duplicate names due to prefix removal.
+      while (!used_names.insert(name).second) {
+        // It's possible we'll end up giving this warning multiple times, but that's better than not at all.
+        GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Duplicate enum value " << name << " (originally " << original_name
+          << ") in " << descriptor_->name() << "; adding underscore to distinguish";
+        name += "_";
+      }
+      int number = descriptor_->value(i)->number();
+      if (!used_number.insert(number).second) {
+          printer->Print("[pbr::OriginalName(\"$original_name$\", PreferredAlias = false)] $name$ = $number$,\n",
+             "original_name", original_name,
+             "name", name,
+             "number", StrCat(number));
+      } else {
+          printer->Print("[pbr::OriginalName(\"$original_name$\")] $name$ = $number$,\n",
+             "original_name", original_name,
+             "name", name,
+             "number", StrCat(number));
+      }
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+  printer->Print("\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e409c2e4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_ENUM_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_ENUM_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class EnumGenerator : public SourceGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  EnumGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor, const Options* options);
+  ~EnumGenerator();
+
+  EnumGenerator(const EnumGenerator&) = delete;
+  EnumGenerator& operator=(const EnumGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  const EnumDescriptor* descriptor_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_ENUM_H__
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..186fa27e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+EnumFieldGenerator::EnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       int presenceIndex, const Options *options)
+    : PrimitiveFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options) {
+}
+
+EnumFieldGenerator::~EnumFieldGenerator() {
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$property_name$ = ($type_name$) input.ReadEnum();\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  output.WriteRawTag($tag_bytes$);\n"
+    "  output.WriteEnum((int) $property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+      "  size += $tag_size$ + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) $property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum($tag$, x => (int) x, x => ($type_name$) x, $default_value$)");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ static readonly pb::Extension<$extended_type$, $type_name$> $property_name$ =\n"
+    "  new pb::Extension<$extended_type$, $type_name$>($number$, ");
+  GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  printer->Print(");\n");
+}
+
+EnumOneofFieldGenerator::EnumOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int presenceIndex, const Options *options)
+  : PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options) {
+}
+
+EnumOneofFieldGenerator::~EnumOneofFieldGenerator() {
+}
+
+void EnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$property_name$ = other.$property_name$;\n");
+}
+
+void EnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // TODO(jonskeet): What about if we read the default value?
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$oneof_name$_ = input.ReadEnum();\n"
+    "$oneof_name$Case_ = $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.$property_name$;\n");
+}
+
+void EnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  output.WriteRawTag($tag_bytes$);\n"
+    "  output.WriteEnum((int) $property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void EnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  size += $tag_size$ + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) $property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f1a2ea77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class EnumFieldGenerator : public PrimitiveFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  EnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                     int presenceIndex,
+                     const Options *options);
+  ~EnumFieldGenerator();
+
+  EnumFieldGenerator(const EnumFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  EnumFieldGenerator& operator=(const EnumFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer);
+};
+
+class EnumOneofFieldGenerator : public PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  EnumOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                          int presenceIndex,
+                          const Options *options);
+  ~EnumOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  EnumOneofFieldGenerator(const EnumOneofFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  EnumOneofFieldGenerator& operator=(const EnumOneofFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..454f4cb14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <limits>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+void FieldGeneratorBase::SetCommonFieldVariables(
+    std::map<string, string>* variables) {
+  // Note: this will be valid even though the tag emitted for packed and unpacked versions of
+  // repeated fields varies by wire format. The wire format is encoded in the bottom 3 bits, which
+  // never effects the tag size.
+  int tag_size = internal::WireFormat::TagSize(descriptor_->number(), descriptor_->type());
+  int part_tag_size = tag_size;
+  if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    part_tag_size /= 2;
+  }
+  uint tag = internal::WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor_);
+  uint8 tag_array[5];
+  io::CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(tag, tag_array);
+  string tag_bytes = StrCat(tag_array[0]);
+  for (int i = 1; i < part_tag_size; i++) {
+    tag_bytes += ", " + StrCat(tag_array[i]);
+  }
+
+  (*variables)["tag"] = StrCat(tag);
+  (*variables)["tag_size"] = StrCat(tag_size);
+  (*variables)["tag_bytes"] = tag_bytes;
+
+  if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::Type::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    tag = internal::WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+        descriptor_->number(),
+        internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    io::CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(tag, tag_array);
+    tag_bytes = StrCat(tag_array[0]);
+    for (int i = 1; i < part_tag_size; i++) {
+        tag_bytes += ", " + StrCat(tag_array[i]);
+    }
+
+    variables_["end_tag"] = StrCat(tag);
+    variables_["end_tag_bytes"] = tag_bytes;
+  }
+
+  (*variables)["access_level"] = "public";
+
+  (*variables)["property_name"] = property_name();
+  (*variables)["type_name"] = type_name();
+  (*variables)["extended_type"] = GetClassName(descriptor_->containing_type());
+  (*variables)["name"] = name();
+  (*variables)["descriptor_name"] = descriptor_->name();
+  (*variables)["default_value"] = default_value();
+  (*variables)["capitalized_type_name"] = capitalized_type_name();
+  (*variables)["number"] = number();
+  if (has_default_value() && !IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    (*variables)["name_def_message"] =
+      (*variables)["name"] + "_ = " + (*variables)["default_value"];
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["name_def_message"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_";
+  }
+  if (IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    (*variables)["has_property_check"] = "Has" + (*variables)["property_name"];
+    (*variables)["other_has_property_check"] = "other.Has" + (*variables)["property_name"];
+    (*variables)["has_not_property_check"] = "!" + (*variables)["has_property_check"];
+    (*variables)["other_has_not_property_check"] = "!" + (*variables)["other_has_property_check"];
+    if (presenceIndex_ != -1) {
+      string hasBitsNumber = StrCat(presenceIndex_ / 32);
+      string hasBitsMask = StrCat(1 << (presenceIndex_ % 32));
+      (*variables)["has_field_check"] = "(_hasBits" + hasBitsNumber + " & " + hasBitsMask + ") != 0";
+      (*variables)["set_has_field"] = "_hasBits" + hasBitsNumber + " |= " + hasBitsMask;
+      (*variables)["clear_has_field"] = "_hasBits" + hasBitsNumber + " &= ~" + hasBitsMask;
+    }
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["has_property_check"] =
+      (*variables)["property_name"] + " != " + (*variables)["default_value"];
+    (*variables)["other_has_property_check"] = "other." +
+      (*variables)["property_name"] + " != " + (*variables)["default_value"];
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldGeneratorBase::SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(
+    std::map<string, string>* variables) {
+  (*variables)["oneof_name"] = oneof_name();
+  if (IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    (*variables)["has_property_check"] = "Has" + property_name();
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["has_property_check"] =
+      oneof_name() + "Case_ == " + oneof_property_name() +
+      "OneofCase." + property_name();
+  }
+  (*variables)["oneof_property_name"] = oneof_property_name();
+}
+
+FieldGeneratorBase::FieldGeneratorBase(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       int presenceIndex, const Options* options)
+    : SourceGeneratorBase(descriptor->file(), options),
+      descriptor_(descriptor),
+      presenceIndex_(presenceIndex) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(&variables_);
+}
+
+FieldGeneratorBase::~FieldGeneratorBase() {
+}
+
+void FieldGeneratorBase::GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // No-op: only message fields and repeated fields need
+  // special handling for freezing, so default to not generating any code.
+}
+
+void FieldGeneratorBase::GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+    // No-op: expect this to be overridden by appropriate types.
+    // Could fail if we get called here though...
+}
+
+void FieldGeneratorBase::GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // No-op: only message fields, enum fields, primitives, 
+  // and repeated fields need this default is to not generate any code
+}
+
+void FieldGeneratorBase::AddDeprecatedFlag(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (descriptor_->options().deprecated()) {
+    printer->Print("[global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]\n");
+  } else if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+           descriptor_->message_type()->options().deprecated()) {
+    printer->Print("[global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldGeneratorBase::AddPublicMemberAttributes(io::Printer* printer) {
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::oneof_property_name() {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->containing_oneof()->name(), true);
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::oneof_name() {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->containing_oneof()->name(), false);
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::property_name() {
+  return GetPropertyName(descriptor_);
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::name() {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(GetFieldName(descriptor_), false);
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::type_name() {
+  return type_name(descriptor_);
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::type_name(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  switch (descriptor->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return GetClassName(descriptor->enum_type());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      if (IsWrapperType(descriptor)) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* wrapped_field =
+            descriptor->message_type()->field(0);
+        string wrapped_field_type_name = type_name(wrapped_field);
+        // String and ByteString go to the same type; other wrapped types
+        // go to the nullable equivalent.
+        if (wrapped_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING ||
+            wrapped_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+          return wrapped_field_type_name;
+        } else {
+          return wrapped_field_type_name + "?";
+        }
+      }
+      return GetClassName(descriptor->message_type());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "double";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return "long";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return "ulong";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return "int";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return "ulong";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return "uint";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return "bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return "string";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return "pb::ByteString";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return "uint";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return "int";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return "long";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return "int";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return "long";
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)<< "Unknown field type.";
+      return "";
+  }
+}
+
+bool FieldGeneratorBase::has_default_value() {
+  switch (descriptor_->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return true;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_double() != 0.0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_float() != 0.0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_int64() != 0L;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_uint64() != 0L;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_int32() != 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_uint64() != 0L;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_uint32() != 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_bool();
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return true;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return true;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_uint32() != 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_int32() != 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_int64() != 0L;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_int32() != 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_int64() != 0L;
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)<< "Unknown field type.";
+      return true;
+  }
+}
+
+bool AllPrintableAscii(const std::string& text) {
+  for(int i = 0; i < text.size(); i++) {
+    if (text[i] < 0x20 || text[i] > 0x7e) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::GetStringDefaultValueInternal(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+    if (descriptor->default_value_string().empty())
+        return "\"\"";
+    else
+      return "global::System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(global::System."
+             "Convert.FromBase64String(\"" +
+             StringToBase64(descriptor->default_value_string()) + "\"), 0, " + StrCat(descriptor->default_value_string().length()) + ")";
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::GetBytesDefaultValueInternal(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+    if (descriptor->default_value_string().empty())
+        return "pb::ByteString.Empty";
+    else
+        return "pb::ByteString.FromBase64(\"" + StringToBase64(descriptor->default_value_string()) + "\")";
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::default_value() {
+    return default_value(descriptor_);
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::default_value(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  switch (descriptor->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return GetClassName(descriptor->default_value_enum()->type()) + "." +
+        GetEnumValueName(descriptor->default_value_enum()->type()->name(), descriptor->default_value_enum()->name());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      if (IsWrapperType(descriptor)) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* wrapped_field = descriptor->message_type()->field(0);
+        return default_value(wrapped_field);
+      } else {
+        return "null";
+      }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      double value = descriptor->default_value_double();
+      if (value == std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+        return "double.PositiveInfinity";
+      } else if (value == -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+        return "double.NegativeInfinity";
+      } else if (std::isnan(value)) {
+        return "double.NaN";
+      }
+      return StrCat(value) + "D";
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      float value = descriptor->default_value_float();
+      if (value == std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) {
+        return "float.PositiveInfinity";
+      } else if (value == -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) {
+        return "float.NegativeInfinity";
+      } else if (std::isnan(value)) {
+        return "float.NaN";
+      }
+      return StrCat(value) + "F";
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return StrCat(descriptor->default_value_int64()) + "L";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return StrCat(descriptor->default_value_uint64()) + "UL";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return StrCat(descriptor->default_value_int32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return StrCat(descriptor->default_value_uint64()) + "UL";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return StrCat(descriptor->default_value_uint32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      if (descriptor->default_value_bool()) {
+        return "true";
+      } else {
+        return "false";
+      }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return GetStringDefaultValueInternal(descriptor);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return GetBytesDefaultValueInternal(descriptor);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return StrCat(descriptor->default_value_uint32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return StrCat(descriptor->default_value_int32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return StrCat(descriptor->default_value_int64()) + "L";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return StrCat(descriptor->default_value_int32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return StrCat(descriptor->default_value_int64()) + "L";
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)<< "Unknown field type.";
+      return "";
+  }
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::number() {
+  return StrCat(descriptor_->number());
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::capitalized_type_name() {
+  switch (descriptor_->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return "Enum";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "Message";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return "Group";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "Double";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "Float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return "Int64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return "UInt64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return "Int32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return "Fixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return "Fixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return "Bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return "String";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return "Bytes";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return "UInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return "SFixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return "SFixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return "SInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return "SInt64";
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)<< "Unknown field type.";
+      return "";
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..594461da7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_FIELD_BASE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_FIELD_BASE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class FieldGeneratorBase : public SourceGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  FieldGeneratorBase(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                     int presenceIndex,
+                     const Options* options);
+  ~FieldGeneratorBase();
+
+  FieldGeneratorBase(const FieldGeneratorBase&) = delete;
+  FieldGeneratorBase& operator=(const FieldGeneratorBase&) = delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  // Currently unused, as we use reflection to generate JSON
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  const int presenceIndex_;
+  std::map<string, string> variables_;
+
+  void AddDeprecatedFlag(io::Printer* printer);
+  void AddNullCheck(io::Printer* printer);
+  void AddNullCheck(io::Printer* printer, const std::string& name);
+
+  void AddPublicMemberAttributes(io::Printer* printer);
+  void SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(std::map<string, string>* variables);
+
+  std::string oneof_property_name();
+  std::string oneof_name();
+  std::string property_name();
+  std::string name();
+  std::string type_name();
+  std::string type_name(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  bool has_default_value();
+  std::string default_value();
+  std::string default_value(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  std::string number();
+  std::string capitalized_type_name();
+
+ private:
+  void SetCommonFieldVariables(std::map<string, string>* variables);
+  std::string GetStringDefaultValueInternal(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  std::string GetBytesDefaultValueInternal(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_FIELD_BASE_H__
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b33552203
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_reflection_class.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+void GenerateFile(const FileDescriptor* file, io::Printer* printer,
+                  const Options* options) {
+  ReflectionClassGenerator reflectionClassGenerator(file, options);
+  reflectionClassGenerator.Generate(printer);
+}
+
+bool Generator::Generate(
+    const FileDescriptor* file,
+    const string& parameter,
+    GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+    string* error) const {
+
+  std::vector<std::pair<string, string> > options;
+  ParseGeneratorParameter(parameter, &options);
+
+  struct Options cli_options;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) {
+    if (options[i].first == "file_extension") {
+      cli_options.file_extension = options[i].second;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "base_namespace") {
+      cli_options.base_namespace = options[i].second;
+      cli_options.base_namespace_specified = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "internal_access") {
+      cli_options.internal_access = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "serializable") {
+      cli_options.serializable = true;
+    } else {
+      *error = "Unknown generator option: " + options[i].first;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  string filename_error = "";
+  std::string filename = GetOutputFile(file,
+      cli_options.file_extension,
+      cli_options.base_namespace_specified,
+      cli_options.base_namespace,
+      &filename_error);
+
+  if (filename.empty()) {
+    *error = filename_error;
+    return false;
+  }
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+      generator_context->Open(filename));
+  io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+
+  GenerateFile(file, &printer, &cli_options);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da72e0e77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Generates C# code for a given .proto file.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_GENERATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_GENERATOR_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+// CodeGenerator implementation which generates a C# source file and
+// header.  If you create your own protocol compiler binary and you want
+// it to support C# output, you can do so by registering an instance of this
+// CodeGenerator with the CommandLineInterface in your main() function.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT Generator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  virtual bool Generate(
+      const FileDescriptor* file,
+      const string& parameter,
+      GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+      string* error) const;
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_GENERATOR_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5755fee00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(CSharpEnumValue, PascalCasedPrefixStripping) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("Bar", GetEnumValueName("Foo", "BAR"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("BarBaz", GetEnumValueName("Foo", "BAR_BAZ"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("Bar", GetEnumValueName("Foo", "FOO_BAR"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("Bar", GetEnumValueName("Foo", "FOO__BAR"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("BarBaz", GetEnumValueName("Foo", "FOO_BAR_BAZ"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("BarBaz", GetEnumValueName("Foo", "Foo_BarBaz"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("Bar", GetEnumValueName("FO_O", "FOO_BAR"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("Bar", GetEnumValueName("FOO", "F_O_O_BAR"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("Bar", GetEnumValueName("Foo", "BAR"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("BarBaz", GetEnumValueName("Foo", "BAR_BAZ"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("Foo", GetEnumValueName("Foo", "FOO"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("Foo", GetEnumValueName("Foo", "FOO___"));
+  // Identifiers can't start with digits
+  EXPECT_EQ("_2Bar", GetEnumValueName("Foo", "FOO_2_BAR"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("_2", GetEnumValueName("Foo", "FOO___2"));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98aa246c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
+#include <vector>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+CSharpType GetCSharpType(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_INT32;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_INT64;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_UINT32;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_UINT32;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_INT32;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_INT64;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_UINT32;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_UINT64;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_INT32;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_INT64;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_FLOAT;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_DOUBLE;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_BOOL;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_ENUM;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_STRING;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_BYTESTRING;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_MESSAGE;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_MESSAGE;
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // types are added.
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)<< "Can't get here.";
+  return (CSharpType) -1;
+}
+
+std::string StripDotProto(const std::string& proto_file) {
+  int lastindex = proto_file.find_last_of(".");
+  return proto_file.substr(0, lastindex);
+}
+
+std::string GetFileNamespace(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  if (descriptor->options().has_csharp_namespace()) {
+    return descriptor->options().csharp_namespace();
+  }
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor->package(), true, true);
+}
+
+// Returns the Pascal-cased last part of the proto file. For example,
+// input of "google/protobuf/foo_bar.proto" would result in "FooBar".
+std::string GetFileNameBase(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+    std::string proto_file = descriptor->name();
+    int lastslash = proto_file.find_last_of("/");
+    std::string base = proto_file.substr(lastslash + 1);
+    return UnderscoresToPascalCase(StripDotProto(base));
+}
+
+std::string GetReflectionClassUnqualifiedName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // TODO: Detect collisions with existing messages,
+  // and append an underscore if necessary.
+  return GetFileNameBase(descriptor) + "Reflection";
+}
+
+std::string GetExtensionClassUnqualifiedName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // TODO: Detect collisions with existing messages,
+  // and append an underscore if necessary.
+  return GetFileNameBase(descriptor) + "Extensions";
+}
+
+// TODO(jtattermusch): can we reuse a utility function?
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const std::string& input,
+                                   bool cap_next_letter,
+                                   bool preserve_period) {
+  string result;
+  // Note:  I distrust ctype.h due to locales.
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    if ('a' <= input[i] && input[i] <= 'z') {
+      if (cap_next_letter) {
+        result += input[i] + ('A' - 'a');
+      } else {
+        result += input[i];
+      }
+      cap_next_letter = false;
+    } else if ('A' <= input[i] && input[i] <= 'Z') {
+      if (i == 0 && !cap_next_letter) {
+        // Force first letter to lower-case unless explicitly told to
+        // capitalize it.
+        result += input[i] + ('a' - 'A');
+      } else {
+        // Capital letters after the first are left as-is.
+        result += input[i];
+      }
+      cap_next_letter = false;
+    } else if ('0' <= input[i] && input[i] <= '9') {
+      result += input[i];
+      cap_next_letter = true;
+    } else {
+      cap_next_letter = true;
+      if (input[i] == '.' && preserve_period) {
+        result += '.';
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Add a trailing "_" if the name should be altered.
+  if (input.size() > 0 && input[input.size() - 1] == '#') {
+    result += '_';
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string UnderscoresToPascalCase(const std::string& input) {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(input, true);
+}
+
+// Convert a string which is expected to be SHOUTY_CASE (but may not be *precisely* shouty)
+// into a PascalCase string. Precise rules implemented:
+
+// Previous input character      Current character         Case
+// Any                           Non-alphanumeric          Skipped
+// None - first char of input    Alphanumeric              Upper
+// Non-letter (e.g. _ or 1)      Alphanumeric              Upper
+// Numeric                       Alphanumeric              Upper
+// Lower letter                  Alphanumeric              Same as current
+// Upper letter                  Alphanumeric              Lower
+std::string ShoutyToPascalCase(const std::string& input) {
+  string result;
+  // Simple way of implementing "always start with upper"
+  char previous = '_';
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    char current = input[i];
+    if (!ascii_isalnum(current)) {
+      previous = current;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!ascii_isalnum(previous)) {
+      result += ascii_toupper(current);
+    } else if (ascii_isdigit(previous)) {
+      result += ascii_toupper(current);
+    } else if (ascii_islower(previous)) {
+      result += current;
+    } else {
+      result += ascii_tolower(current);
+    }
+    previous = current;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Attempt to remove a prefix from a value, ignoring casing and skipping underscores.
+// (foo, foo_bar) => bar - underscore after prefix is skipped
+// (FOO, foo_bar) => bar - casing is ignored
+// (foo_bar, foobarbaz) => baz - underscore in prefix is ignored
+// (foobar, foo_barbaz) => baz - underscore in value is ignored
+// (foo, bar) => bar - prefix isn't matched; return original value
+std::string TryRemovePrefix(const std::string& prefix, const std::string& value) {
+  // First normalize to a lower-case no-underscores prefix to match against
+  std::string prefix_to_match = "";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < prefix.size(); i++) {
+    if (prefix[i] != '_') {
+      prefix_to_match += ascii_tolower(prefix[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // This keeps track of how much of value we've consumed
+  size_t prefix_index, value_index;
+  for (prefix_index = 0, value_index = 0;
+      prefix_index < prefix_to_match.size() && value_index < value.size();
+      value_index++) {
+    // Skip over underscores in the value
+    if (value[value_index] == '_') {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ascii_tolower(value[value_index]) != prefix_to_match[prefix_index++]) {
+      // Failed to match the prefix - bail out early.
+      return value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If we didn't finish looking through the prefix, we can't strip it.
+  if (prefix_index < prefix_to_match.size()) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  // Step over any underscores after the prefix
+  while (value_index < value.size() && value[value_index] == '_') {
+    value_index++;
+  }
+
+  // If there's nothing left (e.g. it was a prefix with only underscores afterwards), don't strip.
+  if (value_index == value.size()) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  return value.substr(value_index);
+}
+
+// Format the enum value name in a pleasant way for C#:
+// - Strip the enum name as a prefix if possible
+// - Convert to PascalCase.
+// For example, an enum called Color with a value of COLOR_BLUE should
+// result in an enum value in C# called just Blue
+std::string GetEnumValueName(const std::string& enum_name, const std::string& enum_value_name) {
+  std::string stripped = TryRemovePrefix(enum_name, enum_value_name);
+  std::string result = ShoutyToPascalCase(stripped);
+  // Just in case we have an enum name of FOO and a value of FOO_2... make sure the returned
+  // string is a valid identifier.
+  if (ascii_isdigit(result[0])) {
+    result = "_" + result;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+uint GetGroupEndTag(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  const Descriptor* containing_type = descriptor->containing_type();
+  if (containing_type != NULL) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field;
+    for (int i = 0; i < containing_type->field_count(); i++) {
+      field = containing_type->field(i);
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::Type::TYPE_GROUP &&
+          field->message_type() == descriptor) {
+        return internal::WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+            field->number(), internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+      }
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < containing_type->extension_count(); i++) {
+      field = containing_type->extension(i);
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::Type::TYPE_GROUP &&
+          field->message_type() == descriptor) {
+        return internal::WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+            field->number(), internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    const FileDescriptor* containing_file = descriptor->file();
+    if (containing_file != NULL) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field;
+      for (int i = 0; i < containing_file->extension_count(); i++) {
+        field = containing_file->extension(i);
+        if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::Type::TYPE_GROUP &&
+            field->message_type() == descriptor) {
+          return internal::WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+              field->number(), internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+std::string ToCSharpName(const std::string& name, const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  std::string result = GetFileNamespace(file);
+  if (!result.empty()) {
+    result += '.';
+  }
+  string classname;
+  if (file->package().empty()) {
+    classname = name;
+  } else {
+    // Strip the proto package from full_name since we've replaced it with
+    // the C# namespace.
+    classname = name.substr(file->package().size() + 1);
+  }
+  result += StringReplace(classname, ".", ".Types.", true);
+  return "global::" + result;
+}
+
+std::string GetReflectionClassName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  std::string result = GetFileNamespace(descriptor);
+  if (!result.empty()) {
+    result += '.';
+  }
+  result += GetReflectionClassUnqualifiedName(descriptor);
+  return "global::" + result;
+}
+
+std::string GetFullExtensionName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  if (descriptor->extension_scope()) {
+    return GetClassName(descriptor->extension_scope()) + ".Extensions." + GetPropertyName(descriptor);
+  }
+  else {
+    return GetExtensionClassUnqualifiedName(descriptor->file())  + "." + GetPropertyName(descriptor);
+  }
+}
+
+std::string GetClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return ToCSharpName(descriptor->full_name(), descriptor->file());
+}
+
+std::string GetClassName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return ToCSharpName(descriptor->full_name(), descriptor->file());
+}
+
+// Groups are hacky:  The name of the field is just the lower-cased name
+// of the group type.  In C#, though, we would like to retain the original
+// capitalization of the type name.
+std::string GetFieldName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    return descriptor->message_type()->name();
+  } else {
+    return descriptor->name();
+  }
+}
+
+std::string GetFieldConstantName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return GetPropertyName(field) + "FieldNumber";
+}
+
+std::string GetPropertyName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // TODO(jtattermusch): consider introducing csharp_property_name field option
+  std::string property_name = UnderscoresToPascalCase(GetFieldName(descriptor));
+  // Avoid either our own type name or reserved names. Note that not all names
+  // are reserved - a field called to_string, write_to etc would still cause a problem.
+  // There are various ways of ending up with naming collisions, but we try to avoid obvious
+  // ones.
+  if (property_name == descriptor->containing_type()->name()
+      || property_name == "Types"
+      || property_name == "Descriptor") {
+    property_name += "_";
+  }
+  return property_name;
+}
+
+std::string GetOutputFile(const FileDescriptor* descriptor,
+                          const std::string file_extension,
+                          const bool generate_directories,
+                          const std::string base_namespace, string* error) {
+  string relative_filename = GetFileNameBase(descriptor) + file_extension;
+  if (!generate_directories) {
+    return relative_filename;
+  }
+  string ns = GetFileNamespace(descriptor);
+  string namespace_suffix = ns;
+  if (!base_namespace.empty()) {
+    // Check that the base_namespace is either equal to or a leading part of
+    // the file namespace. This isn't just a simple prefix; "Foo.B" shouldn't
+    // be regarded as a prefix of "Foo.Bar". The simplest option is to add "."
+    // to both.
+    string extended_ns = ns + ".";
+    if (extended_ns.find(base_namespace + ".") != 0) {
+      *error = "Namespace " + ns + " is not a prefix namespace of base namespace " + base_namespace;
+      return ""; // This will be ignored, because we've set an error.
+    }
+    namespace_suffix = ns.substr(base_namespace.length());
+    if (namespace_suffix.find(".") == 0) {
+      namespace_suffix = namespace_suffix.substr(1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  string namespace_dir = StringReplace(namespace_suffix, ".", "/", true);
+  if (!namespace_dir.empty()) {
+    namespace_dir += "/";
+  }
+  return namespace_dir + relative_filename;
+}
+
+// TODO: c&p from Java protoc plugin
+// For encodings with fixed sizes, returns that size in bytes.  Otherwise
+// returns -1.
+int GetFixedSize(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32   : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64   : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32  : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64  : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32  : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64  : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32 : return internal::WireFormatLite::kFixed32Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64 : return internal::WireFormatLite::kFixed64Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32: return internal::WireFormatLite::kSFixed32Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64: return internal::WireFormatLite::kSFixed64Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT   : return internal::WireFormatLite::kFloatSize;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE  : return internal::WireFormatLite::kDoubleSize;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL    : return internal::WireFormatLite::kBoolSize;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM    : return -1;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING  : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES   : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP   : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE : return -1;
+
+    // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+    // types are added.
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return -1;
+}
+
+static const char base64_chars[] =
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+std::string StringToBase64(const std::string& input) {
+  std::string result;
+  size_t remaining = input.size();
+  const unsigned char *src = (const unsigned char*) input.c_str();
+  while (remaining > 2) {
+    result += base64_chars[src[0] >> 2];
+    result += base64_chars[((src[0] & 0x3) << 4) | (src[1] >> 4)];
+    result += base64_chars[((src[1] & 0xf) << 2) | (src[2] >> 6)];
+    result += base64_chars[src[2] & 0x3f];
+    remaining -= 3;
+    src += 3;
+  }
+  switch (remaining) {
+    case 2:
+      result += base64_chars[src[0] >> 2];
+      result += base64_chars[((src[0] & 0x3) << 4) | (src[1] >> 4)];
+      result += base64_chars[(src[1] & 0xf) << 2];
+      result += '=';
+      src += 2;
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      result += base64_chars[src[0] >> 2];
+      result += base64_chars[((src[0] & 0x3) << 4)];
+      result += '=';
+      result += '=';
+      src += 1;
+      break;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string FileDescriptorToBase64(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  std::string fdp_bytes;
+  FileDescriptorProto fdp;
+  descriptor->CopyTo(&fdp);
+  fdp.SerializeToString(&fdp_bytes);
+  return StringToBase64(fdp_bytes);
+}
+
+FieldGeneratorBase* CreateFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                         int presenceIndex,
+                                         const Options* options) {
+  switch (descriptor->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      if (descriptor->is_repeated()) {
+        if (descriptor->is_map()) {
+          return new MapFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options);
+        } else {
+          return new RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options);
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (IsWrapperType(descriptor)) {
+          if (descriptor->containing_oneof()) {
+            return new WrapperOneofFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options);
+          } else {
+            return new WrapperFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (descriptor->containing_oneof()) {
+            return new MessageOneofFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options);
+          } else {
+            return new MessageFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      if (descriptor->is_repeated()) {
+        return new RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options);
+      } else {
+        if (descriptor->containing_oneof()) {
+          return new EnumOneofFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options);
+        } else {
+          return new EnumFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options);
+        }
+      }
+    default:
+      if (descriptor->is_repeated()) {
+        return new RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options);
+      } else {
+        if (descriptor->containing_oneof()) {
+          return new PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options);
+        } else {
+          return new PrimitiveFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options);
+        }
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+bool IsNullable(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  if (descriptor->is_repeated()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  switch (descriptor->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return false;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return true;
+
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown field type.";
+      return true;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6354e9e6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_HELPERS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_HELPERS_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+struct Options;
+class FieldGeneratorBase;
+
+// TODO: start using this enum.
+enum CSharpType {
+  CSHARPTYPE_INT32 = 1,
+  CSHARPTYPE_INT64 = 2,
+  CSHARPTYPE_UINT32 = 3,
+  CSHARPTYPE_UINT64 = 4,
+  CSHARPTYPE_FLOAT = 5,
+  CSHARPTYPE_DOUBLE = 6,
+  CSHARPTYPE_BOOL = 7,
+  CSHARPTYPE_STRING = 8,
+  CSHARPTYPE_BYTESTRING = 9,
+  CSHARPTYPE_MESSAGE = 10,
+  CSHARPTYPE_ENUM = 11,
+  MAX_CSHARPTYPE = 11
+};
+
+// Converts field type to corresponding C# type.
+CSharpType GetCSharpType(FieldDescriptor::Type type);
+
+std::string StripDotProto(const std::string& proto_file);
+
+// Gets unqualified name of the reflection class
+std::string GetReflectionClassUnqualifiedName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+// Gets unqualified name of the extension class
+std::string GetExtensionClassUnqualifiedName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+std::string GetClassName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+std::string GetFieldName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+std::string GetFieldConstantName(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+std::string GetPropertyName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+int GetFixedSize(FieldDescriptor::Type type);
+
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const std::string& input,
+                                   bool cap_next_letter,
+                                   bool preserve_period);
+
+inline std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const std::string& input, bool cap_next_letter) {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(input, cap_next_letter, false);
+}
+
+std::string UnderscoresToPascalCase(const std::string& input);
+
+// Note that we wouldn't normally want to export this (we're not expecting
+// it to be used outside libprotoc itself) but this exposes it for testing.
+std::string PROTOC_EXPORT GetEnumValueName(const std::string& enum_name,
+                                           const std::string& enum_value_name);
+
+// TODO(jtattermusch): perhaps we could move this to strutil
+std::string StringToBase64(const std::string& input);
+
+std::string FileDescriptorToBase64(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+FieldGeneratorBase* CreateFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                         int presenceIndex,
+                                         const Options* options);
+
+std::string GetFullExtensionName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+bool IsNullable(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Determines whether the given message is a map entry message,
+// i.e. one implicitly created by protoc due to a map<key, value> field.
+inline bool IsMapEntryMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->options().map_entry();
+}
+
+// Checks if this descriptor is for a group and gets its end tag or 0 if it's not a group
+uint GetGroupEndTag(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Determines whether we're generating code for the proto representation of
+// descriptors etc, for use in the runtime. This is the only type which is
+// allowed to use proto2 syntax, and it generates internal classes.
+inline bool IsDescriptorProto(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->name() == "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+}
+
+// Determines whether the given message is an options message within descriptor.proto.
+inline bool IsDescriptorOptionMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  if (!IsDescriptorProto(descriptor->file())) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const string name = descriptor->full_name();
+  return name == "google.protobuf.FileOptions" ||
+      name == "google.protobuf.MessageOptions" ||
+      name == "google.protobuf.FieldOptions" ||
+      name == "google.protobuf.OneofOptions" ||
+      name == "google.protobuf.EnumOptions" ||
+      name == "google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions" ||
+      name == "google.protobuf.ServiceOptions" ||
+      name == "google.protobuf.MethodOptions";
+}
+
+inline bool IsWrapperType(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+      descriptor->message_type()->file()->name() == "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+}
+
+inline bool IsProto2(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2;
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_HELPERS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3f09ea45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+MapFieldGenerator::MapFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                     int presenceIndex,
+                                     const Options* options)
+    : FieldGeneratorBase(descriptor, presenceIndex, options) {
+}
+
+MapFieldGenerator::~MapFieldGenerator() {
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* key_descriptor =
+      descriptor_->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_descriptor =
+      descriptor_->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  variables_["key_type_name"] = type_name(key_descriptor);
+  variables_["value_type_name"] = type_name(value_descriptor);
+  std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> key_generator(
+      CreateFieldGenerator(key_descriptor, 1, this->options()));
+  std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> value_generator(
+      CreateFieldGenerator(value_descriptor, 2, this->options()));
+
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "private static readonly pbc::MapField<$key_type_name$, $value_type_name$>.Codec _map_$name$_codec\n"
+    "    = new pbc::MapField<$key_type_name$, $value_type_name$>.Codec(");
+  key_generator->GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  printer->Print(", ");
+  value_generator->GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    ", $tag$);\n"
+    "private readonly pbc::MapField<$key_type_name$, $value_type_name$> $name$_ = new pbc::MapField<$key_type_name$, $value_type_name$>();\n");
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ pbc::MapField<$key_type_name$, $value_type_name$> $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $name$_; }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$name$_.Add(other.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.WriteTo(output, _map_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "size += $name$_.CalculateSize(_map_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "hash ^= $property_name$.GetHashCode();\n");
+}
+void MapFieldGenerator::WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if (!$property_name$.Equals(other.$property_name$)) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+    // TODO: If we ever actually use ToString, we'll need to impleme this...
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_ = other.$name$_.Clone();\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b920b9f22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MAP_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MAP_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class MapFieldGenerator : public FieldGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  MapFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                    int presenceIndex,
+                    const Options* options);
+  ~MapFieldGenerator();
+
+  MapFieldGenerator(const MapFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  MapFieldGenerator& operator=(const MapFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MAP_FIELD_H__
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67f289291
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,728 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+bool CompareFieldNumbers(const FieldDescriptor* d1, const FieldDescriptor* d2) {
+  return d1->number() < d2->number();
+}
+
+MessageGenerator::MessageGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                   const Options* options)
+    : SourceGeneratorBase(descriptor->file(), options),
+      descriptor_(descriptor),
+      has_bit_field_count_(0),
+      end_tag_(GetGroupEndTag(descriptor)),
+      has_extension_ranges_(descriptor->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+  // fields by number
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    fields_by_number_.push_back(descriptor_->field(i));
+  }
+  std::sort(fields_by_number_.begin(), fields_by_number_.end(),
+            CompareFieldNumbers);
+
+  if (IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    int primitiveCount = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+      if (!IsNullable(field)) {
+        primitiveCount++;
+        if (has_bit_field_count_ == 0 || (primitiveCount % 32) == 0) {
+          has_bit_field_count_++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+MessageGenerator::~MessageGenerator() {
+}
+
+std::string MessageGenerator::class_name() {
+  return descriptor_->name();
+}
+
+std::string MessageGenerator::full_class_name() {
+  return GetClassName(descriptor_);
+}
+
+const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& MessageGenerator::fields_by_number() {
+  return fields_by_number_;
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::AddDeprecatedFlag(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (descriptor_->options().deprecated()) {
+    printer->Print("[global::System.ObsoleteAttribute]\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::AddSerializableAttribute(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (this->options()->serializable) {
+    printer->Print("[global::System.SerializableAttribute]\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  std::map<string, string> vars;
+  vars["class_name"] = class_name();
+  vars["access_level"] = class_access_level();
+
+  WriteMessageDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  AddSerializableAttribute(printer);
+
+  printer->Print(
+    vars,
+    "$access_level$ sealed partial class $class_name$ : ");
+
+  if (has_extension_ranges_) {
+    printer->Print(vars, "pb::IExtendableMessage<$class_name$>");
+  }
+  else {
+    printer->Print(vars, "pb::IMessage<$class_name$>");
+  }
+  printer->Print(" {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // All static fields and properties
+  printer->Print(
+      vars,
+      "private static readonly pb::MessageParser<$class_name$> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<$class_name$>(() => new $class_name$());\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "private pb::UnknownFieldSet _unknownFields;\n");
+
+  if (has_extension_ranges_) {
+    if (IsDescriptorProto(descriptor_->file())) {
+      printer->Print(vars, "internal pb::ExtensionSet<$class_name$> _extensions;\n"); // CustomOptions compatibility
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(vars, "private pb::ExtensionSet<$class_name$> _extensions;\n");
+    }
+
+    // a read-only property for fast
+    // retrieval of the set in IsInitialized
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "private pb::ExtensionSet<$class_name$> _Extensions { get { "
+                   "return _extensions; } }\n");
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < has_bit_field_count_; i++) {
+    // don't use arrays since all arrays are heap allocated, saving allocations
+    // use ints instead of bytes since bytes lack bitwise operators, saving casts
+    printer->Print("private int _hasBits$i$;\n", "i", StrCat(i));
+  }
+
+  WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+
+  printer->Print(
+      vars,
+      "public static pb::MessageParser<$class_name$> Parser { get { return _parser; } }\n\n");
+
+  // Access the message descriptor via the relevant file descriptor or containing message descriptor.
+  if (!descriptor_->containing_type()) {
+    vars["descriptor_accessor"] = GetReflectionClassName(descriptor_->file())
+        + ".Descriptor.MessageTypes[" + StrCat(descriptor_->index()) + "]";
+  } else {
+    vars["descriptor_accessor"] = GetClassName(descriptor_->containing_type())
+        + ".Descriptor.NestedTypes[" + StrCat(descriptor_->index()) + "]";
+  }
+
+  WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    vars,
+    "public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {\n"
+    "  get { return $descriptor_accessor$; }\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n");
+  WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    vars,
+    "pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {\n"
+    "  get { return Descriptor; }\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n");
+
+  // Parameterless constructor and partial OnConstruction method.
+  WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    vars,
+    "public $class_name$() {\n"
+    "  OnConstruction();\n"
+    "}\n\n"
+    "partial void OnConstruction();\n\n");
+
+  GenerateCloningCode(printer);
+  GenerateFreezingCode(printer);
+
+  // Fields/properties
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* fieldDescriptor = descriptor_->field(i);
+
+    // Rats: we lose the debug comment here :(
+    printer->Print(
+      "/// <summary>Field number for the \"$field_name$\" field.</summary>\n"
+      "public const int $field_constant_name$ = $index$;\n",
+      "field_name", fieldDescriptor->name(),
+      "field_constant_name", GetFieldConstantName(fieldDescriptor),
+      "index", StrCat(fieldDescriptor->number()));
+    std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+        CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(fieldDescriptor));
+    generator->GenerateMembers(printer);
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  // oneof properties
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    vars["name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), false);
+    vars["property_name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), true);
+    vars["original_name"] = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name();
+    printer->Print(
+      vars,
+      "private object $name$_;\n"
+      "/// <summary>Enum of possible cases for the \"$original_name$\" oneof.</summary>\n"
+      "public enum $property_name$OneofCase {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    printer->Print("None = 0,\n");
+    for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      printer->Print("$field_property_name$ = $index$,\n",
+                     "field_property_name", GetPropertyName(field),
+                     "index", StrCat(field->number()));
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+    // TODO: Should we put the oneof .proto comments here?
+    // It's unclear exactly where they should go.
+    printer->Print(
+      vars,
+      "private $property_name$OneofCase $name$Case_ = $property_name$OneofCase.None;\n");
+    WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+      vars,
+      "public $property_name$OneofCase $property_name$Case {\n"
+      "  get { return $name$Case_; }\n"
+      "}\n\n");
+    WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+      vars,
+      "public void Clear$property_name$() {\n"
+      "  $name$Case_ = $property_name$OneofCase.None;\n"
+      "  $name$_ = null;\n"
+      "}\n\n");
+  }
+
+  // Standard methods
+  GenerateFrameworkMethods(printer);
+  GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(printer);
+  GenerateMergingMethods(printer);
+
+  if (has_extension_ranges_) {
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "public TValue GetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<$class_name$, "
+        "TValue> extension) {\n"
+        "  return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> "
+        "GetExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<$class_name$, TValue> "
+        "extension) {\n"
+        "  return pb::ExtensionSet.Get(ref _extensions, extension);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "public pbc::RepeatedField<TValue> "
+        "GetOrInitializeExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<$class_name$, "
+        "TValue> extension) {\n"
+        "  return pb::ExtensionSet.GetOrInitialize(ref _extensions, "
+        "extension);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "public void SetExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<$class_name$, TValue> "
+        "extension, TValue value) {\n"
+        "  pb::ExtensionSet.Set(ref _extensions, extension, value);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "public bool HasExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<$class_name$, TValue> "
+        "extension) {\n"
+        "  return pb::ExtensionSet.Has(ref _extensions, extension);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "public void ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::Extension<$class_name$, "
+        "TValue> extension) {\n"
+        "  pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "public void "
+        "ClearExtension<TValue>(pb::RepeatedExtension<$class_name$, TValue> "
+        "extension) {\n"
+        "  pb::ExtensionSet.Clear(ref _extensions, extension);\n"
+        "}\n\n");
+  }
+
+  // Nested messages and enums
+  if (HasNestedGeneratedTypes()) {
+    printer->Print(
+      vars,
+      "#region Nested types\n"
+      "/// <summary>Container for nested types declared in the $class_name$ message type.</summary>\n");
+    WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print("public static partial class Types {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+      EnumGenerator enumGenerator(descriptor_->enum_type(i), this->options());
+      enumGenerator.Generate(printer);
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+      // Don't generate nested types for maps...
+      if (!IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_->nested_type(i))) {
+        MessageGenerator messageGenerator(
+            descriptor_->nested_type(i), this->options());
+        messageGenerator.Generate(printer);
+      }
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n"
+                   "#endregion\n"
+                   "\n");
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+      vars,
+      "#region Extensions\n"
+      "/// <summary>Container for extensions for other messages declared in the $class_name$ message type.</summary>\n");
+    WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print("public static partial class Extensions {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_count(); i++) {
+      std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+        CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(descriptor_->extension(i)));
+      generator->GenerateExtensionCode(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+      "}\n"
+      "#endregion\n"
+      "\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+  printer->Print("\n");
+}
+
+// Helper to work out whether we need to generate a class to hold nested types/enums.
+// Only tricky because we don't want to generate map entry types.
+bool MessageGenerator::HasNestedGeneratedTypes()
+{
+  if (descriptor_->enum_type_count() > 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (!IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_->nested_type(i))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  std::map<string, string> vars;
+  WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+  vars["class_name"] = class_name();
+    printer->Print(
+    vars,
+    "public $class_name$($class_name$ other) : this() {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  for (int i = 0; i < has_bit_field_count_; i++) {
+    printer->Print("_hasBits$i$ = other._hasBits$i$;\n", "i", StrCat(i));
+  }
+  // Clone non-oneof fields first
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+      std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+        CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(descriptor_->field(i)));
+      generator->GenerateCloningCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+  // Clone just the right field for each oneof
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+    vars["name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), false);
+    vars["property_name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(
+        descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), true);
+    printer->Print(vars, "switch (other.$property_name$Case) {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(field));
+      vars["field_property_name"] = GetPropertyName(field);
+      printer->Print(
+          vars,
+          "case $property_name$OneofCase.$field_property_name$:\n");
+      printer->Indent();
+      generator->GenerateCloningCode(printer);
+      printer->Print("break;\n");
+      printer->Outdent();
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n\n");
+  }
+  // Clone unknown fields
+  printer->Print(
+      "_unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.Clone(other._unknownFields);\n");
+  if (has_extension_ranges_) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "_extensions = pb::ExtensionSet.Clone(other._extensions);\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+  WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    vars,
+    "public $class_name$ Clone() {\n"
+    "  return new $class_name$(this);\n"
+    "}\n\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateFrameworkMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+    std::map<string, string> vars;
+    vars["class_name"] = class_name();
+
+    // Equality
+    WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "public override bool Equals(object other) {\n"
+        "  return Equals(other as $class_name$);\n"
+        "}\n\n");
+    WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "public bool Equals($class_name$ other) {\n"
+        "  if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {\n"
+        "    return false;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {\n"
+        "    return true;\n"
+        "  }\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+            CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(descriptor_->field(i)));
+        generator->WriteEquals(printer);
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+        printer->Print("if ($property_name$Case != other.$property_name$Case) return false;\n",
+            "property_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), true));
+    }
+    if (has_extension_ranges_) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "if (!Equals(_extensions, other._extensions)) {\n"
+          "  return false;\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+        "  return Equals(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);\n"
+        "}\n\n");
+
+    // GetHashCode
+    // Start with a non-zero value to easily distinguish between null and "empty" messages.
+    WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+        "public override int GetHashCode() {\n"
+        "  int hash = 1;\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+            CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(descriptor_->field(i)));
+        generator->WriteHash(printer);
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+        printer->Print("hash ^= (int) $name$Case_;\n",
+            "name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), false));
+    }
+    if (has_extension_ranges_) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "if (_extensions != null) {\n"
+        "  hash ^= _extensions.GetHashCode();\n"
+        "}\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "if (_unknownFields != null) {\n"
+        "  hash ^= _unknownFields.GetHashCode();\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "return hash;\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+    WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+        "public override string ToString() {\n"
+        "  return pb::JsonFormatter.ToDiagnosticString(this);\n"
+        "}\n\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+      "public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // Serialize all the fields
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields_by_number().size(); i++) {
+    std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+      CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(fields_by_number()[i]));
+    generator->GenerateSerializationCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  if (has_extension_ranges_) {
+    // Serialize extensions
+    printer->Print(
+      "if (_extensions != null) {\n"
+      "  _extensions.WriteTo(output);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  // Serialize unknown fields
+  printer->Print(
+    "if (_unknownFields != null) {\n"
+    "  _unknownFields.WriteTo(output);\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // TODO(jonskeet): Memoize size of frozen messages?
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "}\n"
+    "\n");
+  WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    "public int CalculateSize() {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print("int size = 0;\n");
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+        CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(descriptor_->field(i)));
+    generator->GenerateSerializedSizeCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  if (has_extension_ranges_) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "if (_extensions != null) {\n"
+      "  size += _extensions.CalculateSize();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "if (_unknownFields != null) {\n"
+    "  size += _unknownFields.CalculateSize();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  printer->Print("return size;\n");
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateMergingMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Note:  These are separate from GenerateMessageSerializationMethods()
+  //   because they need to be generated even for messages that are optimized
+  //   for code size.
+  std::map<string, string> vars;
+  vars["class_name"] = class_name();
+
+  WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    vars,
+    "public void MergeFrom($class_name$ other) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "if (other == null) {\n"
+    "  return;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  // Merge non-oneof fields
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+      std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+          CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(descriptor_->field(i)));
+      generator->GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+  // Merge oneof fields
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+    vars["name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), false);
+    vars["property_name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), true);
+    printer->Print(vars, "switch (other.$property_name$Case) {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      vars["field_property_name"] = GetPropertyName(field);
+      printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "case $property_name$OneofCase.$field_property_name$:\n");
+      printer->Indent();
+      std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(field));
+      generator->GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+      printer->Print("break;\n");
+      printer->Outdent();
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n\n");
+  }
+  // Merge extensions
+  if (has_extension_ranges_) {
+    printer->Print("pb::ExtensionSet.MergeFrom(ref _extensions, other._extensions);\n");
+  }
+
+  // Merge unknown fields.
+  printer->Print(
+      "_unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFrom(_unknownFields, other._unknownFields);\n");
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+
+  WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print("public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "uint tag;\n"
+    "while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {\n"
+    "  switch(tag) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+  if (end_tag_ != 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "case $end_tag$:\n"
+        "  return;\n",
+        "end_tag", StrCat(end_tag_));
+  }
+  if (has_extension_ranges_) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "default:\n"
+      "  if (!pb::ExtensionSet.TryMergeFieldFrom(ref _extensions, input)) {\n"
+      "    _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  break;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      "default:\n"
+      "  _unknownFields = pb::UnknownFieldSet.MergeFieldFrom(_unknownFields, input);\n"
+      "  break;\n");
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields_by_number().size(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields_by_number()[i];
+    internal::WireFormatLite::WireType wt =
+        internal::WireFormat::WireTypeForFieldType(field->type());
+    uint32 tag = internal::WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(), wt);
+    // Handle both packed and unpacked repeated fields with the same Read*Array call;
+    // the two generated cases are the packed and unpacked tags.
+    // TODO(jonskeet): Check that is_packable is equivalent to
+    // is_repeated && wt in { VARINT, FIXED32, FIXED64 }.
+    // It looks like it is...
+    if (field->is_packable()) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "case $packed_tag$:\n",
+        "packed_tag",
+        StrCat(
+            internal::WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+                field->number(),
+                internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)));
+    }
+
+    printer->Print("case $tag$: {\n", "tag", StrCat(tag));
+    printer->Indent();
+    std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+        CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(field));
+    generator->GenerateParsingCode(printer);
+    printer->Print("break;\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n"); // switch
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n"); // while
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n"); // method
+}
+
+// it's a waste of space to track presence for all values, so we only track them if they're not nullable
+int MessageGenerator::GetPresenceIndex(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  if (IsNullable(descriptor) || !IsProto2(descriptor->file()) ||
+      descriptor->is_extension()) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  int index = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields_by_number().size(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields_by_number()[i];
+    if (field == descriptor) {
+      return index;
+    }
+    if (!IsNullable(field)) {
+      index++;
+    }
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL)<< "Could not find presence index for field " << descriptor->name();
+  return -1;
+}
+
+FieldGeneratorBase* MessageGenerator::CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return CreateFieldGenerator(descriptor, GetPresenceIndex(descriptor), this->options());
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5642dc881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.h
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MESSAGE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MESSAGE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class FieldGeneratorBase;
+
+class MessageGenerator : public SourceGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  MessageGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor, const Options* options);
+  ~MessageGenerator();
+
+  MessageGenerator(const MessageGenerator&) = delete;
+  MessageGenerator& operator=(const MessageGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateFrameworkMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields_by_number_;
+  int has_bit_field_count_;
+  uint end_tag_;
+  bool has_extension_ranges_;
+
+  void GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateMergingMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  int GetPresenceIndex(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  FieldGeneratorBase* CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+  bool HasNestedGeneratedTypes();
+
+  void AddDeprecatedFlag(io::Printer* printer);
+  void AddSerializableAttribute(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  std::string class_name();
+  std::string full_class_name();
+
+  // field descriptors sorted by number
+  const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields_by_number();
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MESSAGE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..412579831
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+MessageFieldGenerator::MessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                             int presenceIndex,
+                                             const Options *options)
+    : FieldGeneratorBase(descriptor, presenceIndex, options) {
+  if (!IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    variables_["has_property_check"] = name() + "_ != null";
+    variables_["has_not_property_check"] = name() + "_ == null";
+  }
+}
+
+MessageFieldGenerator::~MessageFieldGenerator() {
+
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "private $type_name$ $name$_;\n");
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ $type_name$ $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $name$_; }\n"
+    "  set {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = value;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+  if (IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "/// <summary>Gets whether the $descriptor_name$ field is set</summary>\n");
+    AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$access_level$ bool Has$property_name$ {\n"
+      "  get { return $name$_ != null; }\n"
+      "}\n");
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "/// <summary>Clears the value of the $descriptor_name$ field</summary>\n");
+    AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$access_level$ void Clear$property_name$() {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = null;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if (other.$has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  if ($has_not_property_check$) {\n"
+    "    $property_name$ = new $type_name$();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $property_name$.MergeFrom(other.$property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_not_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  $property_name$ = new $type_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::Type::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "input.ReadMessage($property_name$);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "input.ReadGroup($property_name$);\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::Type::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+      "  output.WriteRawTag($tag_bytes$);\n"
+      "  output.WriteMessage($property_name$);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+      "  output.WriteRawTag($tag_bytes$);\n"
+      "  output.WriteGroup($property_name$);\n"
+      "  output.WriteRawTag($end_tag_bytes$);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::Type::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+      "  size += $tag_size$ + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize($property_name$);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+      "  size += $tag_size$ + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeGroupSize($property_name$);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) hash ^= $property_name$.GetHashCode();\n");
+}
+void MessageFieldGenerator::WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if (!object.Equals($property_name$, other.$property_name$)) return false;\n");
+}
+void MessageFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  variables_["field_name"] = GetFieldName(descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "PrintField(\"$field_name$\", has$property_name$, $name$_, writer);\n");
+}
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ static readonly pb::Extension<$extended_type$, $type_name$> $property_name$ =\n"
+    "  new pb::Extension<$extended_type$, $type_name$>($number$, ");
+  GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  printer->Print(");\n");
+}
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_ = other.$has_property_check$ ? other.$name$_.Clone() : null;\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::Type::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage($tag$, $type_name$.Parser)");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "pb::FieldCodec.ForGroup($tag$, $end_tag$, $type_name$.Parser)");
+  }
+}
+
+MessageOneofFieldGenerator::MessageOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+	  int presenceIndex,
+    const Options *options)
+    : MessageFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options) {
+  SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(&variables_);
+}
+
+MessageOneofFieldGenerator::~MessageOneofFieldGenerator() {
+
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ $type_name$ $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $has_property_check$ ? ($type_name$) $oneof_name$_ : null; }\n"
+    "  set {\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$Case_ = value == null ? $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.None : $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.$property_name$;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+  if (IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "/// <summary>Gets whether the \"$descriptor_name$\" field is set</summary>\n");
+    AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$access_level$ bool Has$property_name$ {\n"
+      "  get { return $oneof_name$Case_ == $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.$property_name$; }\n"
+      "}\n");
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "/// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to \"$descriptor_name$\" </summary>\n");
+    AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$access_level$ void Clear$property_name$() {\n"
+      "  if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+      "    Clear$oneof_property_name$();\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($property_name$ == null) {\n"
+    "  $property_name$ = new $type_name$();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "$property_name$.MergeFrom(other.$property_name$);\n");
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // TODO(jonskeet): We may be able to do better than this
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$type_name$ subBuilder = new $type_name$();\n"
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  subBuilder.MergeFrom($property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::Type::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    printer->Print("input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print("input.ReadGroup(subBuilder);\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$property_name$ = subBuilder;\n");
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "PrintField(\"$descriptor_name$\", $has_property_check$, $oneof_name$_, writer);\n");
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$property_name$ = other.$property_name$.Clone();\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2463d912b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class MessageFieldGenerator : public FieldGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  MessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                        int presenceIndex,
+                        const Options *options);
+  ~MessageFieldGenerator();
+
+  MessageFieldGenerator(const MessageFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  MessageFieldGenerator& operator=(const MessageFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+};
+
+class MessageOneofFieldGenerator : public MessageFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  MessageOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             int presenceIndex,
+                             const Options *options);
+  ~MessageOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  MessageOneofFieldGenerator(const MessageOneofFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  MessageOneofFieldGenerator& operator=(const MessageOneofFieldGenerator&) =
+      delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44852721a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Provides a mechanism for mapping a descriptor to the
+// fully-qualified name of the corresponding C# class.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_NAMES_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_NAMES_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Descriptor;
+class EnumDescriptor;
+class FileDescriptor;
+class ServiceDescriptor;
+
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+//
+// Returns:
+//   The namespace to use for given file descriptor.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT GetFileNamespace(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+//
+// Returns:
+//   The fully-qualified C# class name.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT GetClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+//
+// Returns:
+//   The fully-qualified name of the C# class that provides
+//   access to the file descriptor. Proto compiler generates
+//   such class for each .proto file processed.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT GetReflectionClassName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Generates output file name for given file descriptor. If generate_directories
+// is true, the output file will be put under directory corresponding to file's
+// namespace. base_namespace can be used to strip some of the top level
+// directories. E.g. for file with namespace "Bar.Foo" and base_namespace="Bar",
+// the resulting file will be put under directory "Foo" (and not "Bar/Foo").
+//
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+//   error != NULL
+//
+//  Returns:
+//    The file name to use as output file for given file descriptor. In case
+//    of failure, this function will return empty string and error parameter
+//    will contain the error message.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT GetOutputFile(const FileDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                   const string file_extension,
+                                   const bool generate_directories,
+                                   const string base_namespace, string* error);
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_NAMES_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42ff6d866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_OPTIONS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_OPTIONS_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+// Generator options (used by csharp_generator.cc):
+struct Options {
+  Options() :
+      file_extension(".cs"),
+      base_namespace(""),
+      base_namespace_specified(false),
+      internal_access(false),
+      serializable(false) {
+  }
+  // Extension of the generated file. Defaults to ".cs"
+  std::string file_extension;
+  // Base namespace to use to create directory hierarchy. Defaults to "".
+  // This option allows the simple creation of a conventional C# file layout,
+  // where directories are created relative to a project-specific base
+  // namespace. For example, in a project with a base namespace of PetShop, a
+  // proto of user.proto with a C# namespace of PetShop.Model.Shared would
+  // generate Model/Shared/User.cs underneath the specified --csharp_out
+  // directory.
+  //
+  // If no base namespace is specified, all files are generated in the
+  // --csharp_out directory, with no subdirectories created automatically.
+  std::string base_namespace;
+  // Whether the base namespace has been explicitly specified by the user.
+  // This is required as the base namespace can be explicitly set to the empty
+  // string, meaning "create a full directory hierarchy, starting from the first
+  // segment of the namespace."
+  bool base_namespace_specified;
+  // Whether the generated classes should have accessibility level of "internal".
+  // Defaults to false that generates "public" classes.
+  bool internal_access;
+  // Whether the generated classes should have a global::System.Serializable attribute added
+  // Defaults to false
+  bool serializable;
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_OPTIONS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb7f70dda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+PrimitiveFieldGenerator::PrimitiveFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int presenceIndex, const Options *options)
+    : FieldGeneratorBase(descriptor, presenceIndex, options) {
+  // TODO(jonskeet): Make this cleaner...
+  is_value_type = descriptor->type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING
+      && descriptor->type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES;
+  if (!is_value_type && !IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    variables_["has_property_check"] = variables_["property_name"] + ".Length != 0";
+    variables_["other_has_property_check"] = "other." + variables_["property_name"] + ".Length != 0";
+  }
+}
+
+PrimitiveFieldGenerator::~PrimitiveFieldGenerator() {
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // TODO(jonskeet): Work out whether we want to prevent the fields from ever being
+  // null, or whether we just handle it, in the cases of bytes and string.
+  // (Basically, should null-handling code be in the getter or the setter?)
+  if (IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private readonly static $type_name$ $property_name$DefaultValue = $default_value$;\n\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "private $type_name$ $name_def_message$;\n");
+
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+  if (IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    if (presenceIndex_ == -1) {
+      printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$access_level$ $type_name$ $property_name$ {\n"
+        "  get { return $name$_ ?? $property_name$DefaultValue; }\n"
+        "  set {\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$access_level$ $type_name$ $property_name$ {\n"
+        "  get { if ($has_field_check$) { return $name$_; } else { return $property_name$DefaultValue; } }\n"
+        "  set {\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$access_level$ $type_name$ $property_name$ {\n"
+      "  get { return $name$_; }\n"
+      "  set {\n");
+  }
+  if (presenceIndex_ != -1) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "    $set_has_field$;\n");
+  }
+  if (is_value_type) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "    $name$_ = value;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "    $name$_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, \"value\");\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+  if (IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "/// <summary>Gets whether the \"$descriptor_name$\" field is set</summary>\n");
+    AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$access_level$ bool Has$property_name$ {\n"
+      "  get { return ");
+    if (IsNullable(descriptor_)) {
+      printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$name$_ != null; }\n}\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$has_field_check$; }\n}\n");
+    }
+  }
+  if (IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "/// <summary>Clears the value of the \"$descriptor_name$\" field</summary>\n");
+    AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$access_level$ void Clear$property_name$() {\n");
+    if (IsNullable(descriptor_)) {
+      printer->Print(variables_, "  $name$_ = null;\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(variables_, "  $clear_has_field$;\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($other_has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  $property_name$ = other.$property_name$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Note: invoke the property setter rather than writing straight to the field,
+  // so that we can normalize "null to empty" for strings and bytes.
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$property_name$ = input.Read$capitalized_type_name$();\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  output.WriteRawTag($tag_bytes$);\n"
+    "  output.Write$capitalized_type_name$($property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  int fixedSize = GetFixedSize(descriptor_->type());
+  if (fixedSize == -1) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "size += $tag_size$ + pb::CodedOutputStream.Compute$capitalized_type_name$Size($property_name$);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      "size += $tag_size$ + $fixed_size$;\n",
+      "fixed_size", StrCat(fixedSize),
+      "tag_size", variables_["tag_size"]);
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) {
+  const char *text = "if ($has_property_check$) hash ^= $property_name$.GetHashCode();\n";
+  if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT) {
+    text = "if ($has_property_check$) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode($property_name$);\n";
+  } else if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE) {
+    text = "if ($has_property_check$) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode($property_name$);\n";
+  }
+	printer->Print(variables_, text);
+}
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
+  const char *text = "if ($property_name$ != other.$property_name$) return false;\n";
+  if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT) {
+    text = "if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseSingleEqualityComparer.Equals($property_name$, other.$property_name$)) return false;\n";
+  } else if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE) {
+    text = "if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals($property_name$, other.$property_name$)) return false;\n";
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_, text);
+}
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "PrintField(\"$descriptor_name$\", $has_property_check$, $property_name$, writer);\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_ = other.$name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "pb::FieldCodec.For$capitalized_type_name$($tag$, $default_value$)");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ static readonly pb::Extension<$extended_type$, $type_name$> $property_name$ =\n"
+    "  new pb::Extension<$extended_type$, $type_name$>($number$, ");
+  GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  printer->Print(");\n");
+}
+
+PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int presenceIndex, const Options *options)
+    : PrimitiveFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options) {
+  SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(&variables_);
+}
+
+PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::~PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator() {
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ $type_name$ $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $has_property_check$ ? ($type_name$) $oneof_name$_ : $default_value$; }\n"
+    "  set {\n");
+  if (is_value_type) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "    $oneof_name$_ = value;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "    $oneof_name$_ = pb::ProtoPreconditions.CheckNotNull(value, \"value\");\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "    $oneof_name$Case_ = $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.$property_name$;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+  if (IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "/// <summary>Gets whether the \"$descriptor_name$\" field is set</summary>\n");
+    AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$access_level$ bool Has$property_name$ {\n"
+      "  get { return $oneof_name$Case_ == $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.$property_name$; }\n"
+      "}\n");
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "/// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to \"$descriptor_name$\" </summary>\n");
+    AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$access_level$ void Clear$property_name$() {\n"
+      "  if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+      "    Clear$oneof_property_name$();\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$property_name$ = other.$property_name$;\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "PrintField(\"$descriptor_name$\", $has_property_check$, $oneof_name$_, writer);\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$property_name$ = input.Read$capitalized_type_name$();\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$property_name$ = other.$property_name$;\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5edcc42b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+struct Options;
+
+class PrimitiveFieldGenerator : public FieldGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  PrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                          int presenceIndex,
+                          const Options *options);
+  ~PrimitiveFieldGenerator();
+
+  PrimitiveFieldGenerator(const PrimitiveFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  PrimitiveFieldGenerator& operator=(const PrimitiveFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ protected:
+  bool is_value_type;
+};
+
+class PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator : public PrimitiveFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                               int presenceIndex,
+                               const Options *options);
+  ~PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(const PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator& operator=(const PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator&) =
+      delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_reflection_class.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_reflection_class.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37154e3ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_reflection_class.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_reflection_class.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+ReflectionClassGenerator::ReflectionClassGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                                   const Options* options)
+    : SourceGeneratorBase(file, options),
+      file_(file) {
+  namespace_ = GetFileNamespace(file);
+  reflectionClassname_ = GetReflectionClassUnqualifiedName(file);
+  extensionClassname_ = GetExtensionClassUnqualifiedName(file);
+}
+
+ReflectionClassGenerator::~ReflectionClassGenerator() {
+}
+
+void ReflectionClassGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WriteIntroduction(printer);
+
+  WriteDescriptor(printer);
+  // Close the class declaration.
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+
+  if (file_->extension_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "/// <summary>Holder for extension identifiers generated from the top "
+        "level of $file_name$</summary>\n"
+        "$access_level$ static partial class $class_name$ {\n",
+        "access_level", class_access_level(), "class_name", extensionClassname_,
+        "file_name", file_->name());
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); i++) {
+        std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+          CreateFieldGenerator(file_->extension(i), -1, this->options()));
+        generator->GenerateExtensionCode(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+    "}\n"
+    "\n");
+  }
+
+  // write children: Enums
+  if (file_->enum_type_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print("#region Enums\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+      EnumGenerator enumGenerator(file_->enum_type(i), this->options());
+      enumGenerator.Generate(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Print("#endregion\n");
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  // write children: Messages
+  if (file_->message_type_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print("#region Messages\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+      MessageGenerator messageGenerator(file_->message_type(i), this->options());
+      messageGenerator.Generate(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Print("#endregion\n");
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  // TODO(jtattermusch): add insertion point for services.
+
+  if (!namespace_.empty()) {
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print("\n");
+  printer->Print("#endregion Designer generated code\n");
+}
+
+void ReflectionClassGenerator::WriteIntroduction(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "// <auto-generated>\n"
+    "//     Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+    "//     source: $file_name$\n"
+    "// </auto-generated>\n"
+    "#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021\n"
+    "#region Designer generated code\n"
+    "\n"
+    "using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;\n"
+    "using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;\n"
+    "using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;\n"
+    "using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;\n",
+    "file_name", file_->name());
+
+  if (!namespace_.empty()) {
+    printer->Print("namespace $namespace$ {\n", "namespace", namespace_);
+    printer->Indent();
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "/// <summary>Holder for reflection information generated from $file_name$</summary>\n"
+    "$access_level$ static partial class $reflection_class_name$ {\n"
+    "\n",
+    "file_name", file_->name(),
+    "access_level", class_access_level(),
+    "reflection_class_name", reflectionClassname_);
+  printer->Indent();
+}
+
+void ReflectionClassGenerator::WriteDescriptor(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "#region Descriptor\n"
+    "/// <summary>File descriptor for $file_name$</summary>\n"
+    "public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {\n"
+    "  get { return descriptor; }\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;\n"
+    "\n"
+    "static $reflection_class_name$() {\n",
+    "file_name", file_->name(),
+    "reflection_class_name", reflectionClassname_);
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print("string.Concat(\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // TODO(jonskeet): Consider a C#-escaping format here instead of just Base64.
+  std::string base64 = FileDescriptorToBase64(file_);
+  while (base64.size() > 60) {
+    printer->Print("\"$base64$\",\n", "base64", base64.substr(0, 60));
+    base64 = base64.substr(60);
+  }
+  printer->Print("\"$base64$\"));\n", "base64", base64);
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Invoke InternalBuildGeneratedFileFrom() to build the file.
+  printer->Print(
+      "descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.FromGeneratedCode(descriptorData,\n");
+  printer->Print("    new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { ");
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); i++) {
+      printer->Print(
+      "$full_reflection_class_name$.Descriptor, ",
+      "full_reflection_class_name",
+      GetReflectionClassName(file_->dependency(i)));
+  }
+  printer->Print("},\n"
+      "    new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(");
+  // Specify all the generated code information, recursively.
+  if (file_->enum_type_count() > 0) {
+      printer->Print("new[] {");
+      for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+          printer->Print("typeof($type_name$), ", "type_name", GetClassName(file_->enum_type(i)));
+      }
+      printer->Print("}, ");
+  }
+  else {
+      printer->Print("null, ");
+  }  
+  if (file_->extension_count() > 0) {
+    std::vector<std::string> extensions;
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); i++) {
+      extensions.push_back(GetFullExtensionName(file_->extension(i)));
+    }
+    printer->Print("new pb::Extension[] { $extensions$ }, ", "extensions", Join(extensions, ", "));
+  }
+  else {
+    printer->Print("null, ");
+  }
+  if (file_->message_type_count() > 0) {
+      printer->Print("new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] {\n");
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Indent();
+      for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+          WriteGeneratedCodeInfo(file_->message_type(i), printer, i == file_->message_type_count() - 1);
+      }
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print("\n}));\n");
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Outdent();
+  }
+  else {
+      printer->Print("null));\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+  printer->Print("#endregion\n\n");
+}
+
+// Write out the generated code for a particular message. This consists of the CLR type, property names
+// corresponding to fields, names corresponding to oneofs, nested enums, and nested types. Each array part
+// can be specified as null if it would be empty, to make the generated code somewhat simpler to read.
+// We write a line break at the end of each generated code info, so that in the final file we'll see all
+// the types, pre-ordered depth first, one per line. The indentation will be slightly unusual,
+// in that it will look like a single array when it's actually constructing a tree, but it'll be easy to
+// read even with multiple levels of nesting.
+// The "last" parameter indicates whether this message descriptor is the last one being printed in this immediate
+// context. It governs whether or not a trailing comma and newline is written after the constructor, effectively
+// just controlling the formatting in the generated code.
+void ReflectionClassGenerator::WriteGeneratedCodeInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor, io::Printer* printer, bool last) {
+  if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor)) {
+    printer->Print("null, ");
+    return;
+  }
+  // Generated message type
+  printer->Print("new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo(typeof($type_name$), $type_name$.Parser, ", "type_name", GetClassName(descriptor));
+
+  // Fields
+  if (descriptor->field_count() > 0) {
+      std::vector<std::string> fields;
+      fields.reserve(descriptor->field_count());
+      for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+          fields.push_back(GetPropertyName(descriptor->field(i)));
+      }
+      printer->Print("new[]{ \"$fields$\" }, ", "fields", Join(fields, "\", \""));
+  }
+  else {
+      printer->Print("null, ");
+  }
+
+  // Oneofs
+  if (descriptor->oneof_decl_count() > 0) {
+      std::vector<std::string> oneofs;
+      oneofs.reserve(descriptor->oneof_decl_count());
+      for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+          oneofs.push_back(UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor->oneof_decl(i)->name(), true));
+      }
+      printer->Print("new[]{ \"$oneofs$\" }, ", "oneofs", Join(oneofs, "\", \""));
+  }
+  else {
+      printer->Print("null, ");
+  }
+
+  // Nested enums
+  if (descriptor->enum_type_count() > 0) {
+      std::vector<std::string> enums;
+      enums.reserve(descriptor->enum_type_count());
+      for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+          enums.push_back(GetClassName(descriptor->enum_type(i)));
+      }
+      printer->Print("new[]{ typeof($enums$) }, ", "enums", Join(enums, "), typeof("));
+  }
+  else {
+      printer->Print("null, ");
+  }
+
+  // Extensions
+  if (descriptor->extension_count() > 0) {
+    std::vector<std::string> extensions;
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->extension_count(); i++) {
+      extensions.push_back(GetFullExtensionName(descriptor->extension(i)));
+    }
+    printer->Print("new pb::Extension[] { $extensions$ }, ", "extensions", Join(extensions, ", "));
+  }
+  else {
+    printer->Print("null, ");
+  }
+
+  // Nested types
+  if (descriptor->nested_type_count() > 0) {
+      // Need to specify array type explicitly here, as all elements may be null.
+      printer->Print("new pbr::GeneratedClrTypeInfo[] { ");
+      for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+          WriteGeneratedCodeInfo(descriptor->nested_type(i), printer, i == descriptor->nested_type_count() - 1);
+      }
+      printer->Print("}");
+  }
+  else {
+      printer->Print("null");
+  }
+  printer->Print(last ? ")" : "),\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_reflection_class.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_reflection_class.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..955472776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_reflection_class.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REFLECTION_CLASS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REFLECTION_CLASS_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class ReflectionClassGenerator : public SourceGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  ReflectionClassGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options* options);
+  ~ReflectionClassGenerator();
+
+  ReflectionClassGenerator(const ReflectionClassGenerator&) = delete;
+  ReflectionClassGenerator& operator=(const ReflectionClassGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  const FileDescriptor* file_;
+
+  std::string namespace_;
+  std::string reflectionClassname_;
+  std::string extensionClassname_;
+
+  void WriteIntroduction(io::Printer* printer);
+  void WriteDescriptor(io::Printer* printer);
+  void WriteGeneratedCodeInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                              io::Printer* printer,
+                              bool last);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REFLECTION_CLASS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73309a7ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int presenceIndex, const Options *options)
+    : FieldGeneratorBase(descriptor, presenceIndex, options) {
+}
+
+RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::~RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator() {
+
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<$type_name$> _repeated_$name$_codec\n"
+    "    = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum($tag$, x => (int) x, x => ($type_name$) x);\n");
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$> $name$_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$>();\n");
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$> $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $name$_; }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.Add(other.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "size += $name$_.CalculateSize(_repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "hash ^= $name$_.GetHashCode();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if(!$name$_.Equals(other.$name$_)) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "PrintField(\"$descriptor_name$\", $name$_, writer);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_ = other.$name$_.Clone();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<$extended_type$, $type_name$> $property_name$ =\n"
+    "  new pb::RepeatedExtension<$extended_type$, $type_name$>($number$, "
+    "pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum($tag$, x => (int) x, x => ($type_name$) x));\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7a632a17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+// TODO(jonskeet): Refactor repeated field support; all the implementations are
+// *really* similar. We should probably have a RepeatedFieldGeneratorBase.
+class RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator : public FieldGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             int presenceIndex,
+                             const Options *options);
+  ~RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator();
+
+  RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(const RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator& operator=(const RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator&) =
+      delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b4b37de1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int presenceIndex, const Options *options)
+    : FieldGeneratorBase(descriptor, presenceIndex, options) {
+}
+
+RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::~RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator() {
+
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<$type_name$> _repeated_$name$_codec\n"
+    "    = ");
+  // Don't want to duplicate the codec code here... maybe we should have a
+  // "create single field generator for this repeated field"
+  // function, but it doesn't seem worth it for just this.
+  if (IsWrapperType(descriptor_)) {
+    std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> single_generator(
+      new WrapperFieldGenerator(descriptor_, presenceIndex_, this->options()));
+    single_generator->GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  } else {
+    std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> single_generator(
+      new MessageFieldGenerator(descriptor_, presenceIndex_, this->options()));
+    single_generator->GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  }
+  printer->Print(";\n");
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$> $name$_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$>();\n");
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$> $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $name$_; }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.Add(other.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "size += $name$_.CalculateSize(_repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "hash ^= $name$_.GetHashCode();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if(!$name$_.Equals(other.$name$_)) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  variables_["field_name"] = GetFieldName(descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "PrintField(\"$field_name$\", $name$_, writer);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_ = other.$name$_.Clone();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<$extended_type$, $type_name$> $property_name$ =\n"
+    "  new pb::RepeatedExtension<$extended_type$, $type_name$>($number$, ");
+  if (IsWrapperType(descriptor_)) {
+    std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> single_generator(
+      new WrapperFieldGenerator(descriptor_, -1, this->options()));
+    single_generator->GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  } else {
+    std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> single_generator(
+      new MessageFieldGenerator(descriptor_, -1, this->options()));
+    single_generator->GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  }
+  printer->Print(");\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74f6874df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+struct Options;
+
+class RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator : public FieldGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                int presenceIndex,
+                                const Options *options);
+  ~RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator();
+
+  RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(const RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator& operator=(
+      const RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1444ea12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int presenceIndex, const Options *options)
+    : FieldGeneratorBase(descriptor, presenceIndex, options) {
+}
+
+RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::~RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator() {
+
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<$type_name$> _repeated_$name$_codec\n"
+    "    = pb::FieldCodec.For$capitalized_type_name$($tag$);\n");
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$> $name$_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$>();\n");
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$> $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $name$_; }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.Add(other.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "size += $name$_.CalculateSize(_repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "hash ^= $name$_.GetHashCode();\n");
+}
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if(!$name$_.Equals(other.$name$_)) return false;\n");
+}
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "PrintField(\"$descriptor_name$\", $name$_, writer);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_ = other.$name$_.Clone();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ static readonly pb::RepeatedExtension<$extended_type$, $type_name$> $property_name$ =\n"
+    "  new pb::RepeatedExtension<$extended_type$, $type_name$>($number$, pb::FieldCodec.For$capitalized_type_name$($tag$));\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a3be4816
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator : public FieldGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                  int presenceIndex, const Options* options);
+  ~RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator();
+
+  RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(const RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator& operator=(const RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee7502fb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+SourceGeneratorBase::SourceGeneratorBase(const FileDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                         const Options *options)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), options_(options) {
+}
+
+SourceGeneratorBase::~SourceGeneratorBase() {
+}
+
+void SourceGeneratorBase::WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print("[global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute]\n");
+}
+
+std::string SourceGeneratorBase::class_access_level() {
+  return this->options()->internal_access ? "internal" : "public";
+}
+
+const Options* SourceGeneratorBase::options() {
+  return this->options_;
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..695c4225d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_SOURCE_GENERATOR_BASE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_SOURCE_GENERATOR_BASE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+struct Options;
+
+class SourceGeneratorBase {
+ protected:
+  SourceGeneratorBase(const FileDescriptor* descriptor, const Options* options);
+  virtual ~SourceGeneratorBase();
+
+  SourceGeneratorBase(const SourceGeneratorBase&) = delete;
+  SourceGeneratorBase& operator=(const SourceGeneratorBase&) = delete;
+
+  std::string class_access_level();
+  const Options* options();
+
+  // Write any attributes used to decorate generated function members (methods and properties).
+  // Should not be used to decorate types.
+  void WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  const FileDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  const Options *options_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_SOURCE_GENERATOR_BASE_H__
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..add20ab9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_options.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+WrapperFieldGenerator::WrapperFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       int presenceIndex, const Options *options)
+    : FieldGeneratorBase(descriptor, presenceIndex, options) {
+  variables_["has_property_check"] = name() + "_ != null";
+  variables_["has_not_property_check"] = name() + "_ == null";
+  const FieldDescriptor* wrapped_field = descriptor->message_type()->field(0);
+  is_value_type = wrapped_field->type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING &&
+      wrapped_field->type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES;
+  if (is_value_type) {
+    variables_["nonnullable_type_name"] = type_name(wrapped_field);
+  }
+}
+
+WrapperFieldGenerator::~WrapperFieldGenerator() {
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<$type_name$> _single_$name$_codec = ");
+  GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    ";\n"
+    "private $type_name$ $name$_;\n");
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ $type_name$ $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $name$_; }\n"
+    "  set {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = value;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n\n");
+  if (IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "/// <summary>Gets whether the $descriptor_name$ field is set</summary>\n");
+    AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$access_level$ bool Has$property_name$ {\n"
+      "  get { return $name$_ != null; }\n"
+      "}\n\n");
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "/// <summary>Clears the value of the $descriptor_name$ field</summary>\n");
+    AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$access_level$ void Clear$property_name$() {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = null;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if (other.$has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  if ($has_not_property_check$ || other.$property_name$ != $default_value$) {\n"
+    "    $property_name$ = other.$property_name$;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$type_name$ value = _single_$name$_codec.Read(input);\n"
+    "if ($has_not_property_check$ || value != $default_value$) {\n"
+    "  $property_name$ = value;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  _single_$name$_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, $property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  size += _single_$name$_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag($property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) {
+  const char *text = "if ($has_property_check$) hash ^= $property_name$.GetHashCode();\n";
+  if (descriptor_->message_type()->field(0)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT) {
+    text = "if ($has_property_check$) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableSingleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode($property_name$);\n";
+  }
+  else if (descriptor_->message_type()->field(0)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE) {
+    text = "if ($has_property_check$) hash ^= pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.GetHashCode($property_name$);\n";
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_, text);
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
+  const char *text = "if ($property_name$ != other.$property_name$) return false;\n";
+  if (descriptor_->message_type()->field(0)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT) {
+    text = "if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableSingleEqualityComparer.Equals($property_name$, other.$property_name$)) return false;\n";
+  }
+  else if (descriptor_->message_type()->field(0)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE) {
+    text = "if (!pbc::ProtobufEqualityComparers.BitwiseNullableDoubleEqualityComparer.Equals($property_name$, other.$property_name$)) return false;\n";
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_, text);
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // TODO: Implement if we ever actually need it...
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$property_name$ = other.$property_name$;\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (is_value_type) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<$nonnullable_type_name$>($tag$)");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<$type_name$>($tag$)");
+  }
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ static readonly pb::Extension<$extended_type$, $type_name$> $property_name$ =\n"
+    "  new pb::Extension<$extended_type$, $type_name$>($number$, ");
+  GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  printer->Print(");\n");
+}
+
+WrapperOneofFieldGenerator::WrapperOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int presenceIndex, const Options *options)
+    : WrapperFieldGenerator(descriptor, presenceIndex, options) {
+    SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(&variables_);
+}
+
+WrapperOneofFieldGenerator::~WrapperOneofFieldGenerator() {
+}
+
+void WrapperOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Note: deliberately _oneof_$name$_codec, not _$oneof_name$_codec... we have one codec per field.
+  printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<$type_name$> _oneof_$name$_codec = ");
+  GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  printer->Print(";\n");
+  WritePropertyDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ $type_name$ $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $has_property_check$ ? ($type_name$) $oneof_name$_ : ($type_name$) null; }\n"
+    "  set {\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$Case_ = value == null ? $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.None : $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.$property_name$;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+  if (IsProto2(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "/// <summary>Gets whether the \"$descriptor_name$\" field is set</summary>\n");
+    AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$access_level$ bool Has$property_name$ {\n"
+      "  get { return $oneof_name$Case_ == $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.$property_name$; }\n"
+      "}\n");
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "/// <summary> Clears the value of the oneof if it's currently set to \"$descriptor_name$\" </summary>\n");
+    AddPublicMemberAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$access_level$ void Clear$property_name$() {\n"
+      "  if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+      "    Clear$oneof_property_name$();\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void WrapperOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$property_name$ = other.$property_name$;\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$property_name$ = _oneof_$name$_codec.Read(input);\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // TODO: I suspect this is wrong...
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  _oneof_$name$_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, ($type_name$) $oneof_name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // TODO: I suspect this is wrong...
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  size += _oneof_$name$_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag($property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..394e27de5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_WRAPPER_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_WRAPPER_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+struct Options;
+
+class WrapperFieldGenerator : public FieldGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  WrapperFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                        int presenceIndex,
+                        const Options *options);
+  ~WrapperFieldGenerator();
+
+  WrapperFieldGenerator(const WrapperFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  WrapperFieldGenerator& operator=(const WrapperFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateExtensionCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  bool is_value_type; // True for int32 etc; false for bytes and string
+};
+
+class WrapperOneofFieldGenerator : public WrapperFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  WrapperOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             int presenceIndex,
+                             const Options *options);
+  ~WrapperOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  WrapperOneofFieldGenerator(const WrapperOneofFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  WrapperOneofFieldGenerator& operator=(const WrapperOneofFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_WRAPPER_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..400d5d07e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#include <direct.h>
+#else
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/importer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <ctype.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// DO NOT include <io.h>, instead create functions in io_win32.{h,cc} and import
+// them like we do below.
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::access;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::open;
+#endif
+
+// Returns true if the text looks like a Windows-style absolute path, starting
+// with a drive letter.  Example:  "C:\foo".  TODO(kenton):  Share this with
+// copy in command_line_interface.cc?
+static bool IsWindowsAbsolutePath(const std::string& text) {
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+  return text.size() >= 3 && text[1] == ':' && isalpha(text[0]) &&
+         (text[2] == '/' || text[2] == '\\') && text.find_last_of(':') == 1;
+#else
+  return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+MultiFileErrorCollector::~MultiFileErrorCollector() {}
+
+// This class serves two purposes:
+// - It implements the ErrorCollector interface (used by Tokenizer and Parser)
+//   in terms of MultiFileErrorCollector, using a particular filename.
+// - It lets us check if any errors have occurred.
+class SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase::SingleFileErrorCollector
+    : public io::ErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  SingleFileErrorCollector(const std::string& filename,
+                           MultiFileErrorCollector* multi_file_error_collector)
+      : filename_(filename),
+        multi_file_error_collector_(multi_file_error_collector),
+        had_errors_(false) {}
+  ~SingleFileErrorCollector() {}
+
+  bool had_errors() { return had_errors_; }
+
+  // implements ErrorCollector ---------------------------------------
+  void AddError(int line, int column, const std::string& message) override {
+    if (multi_file_error_collector_ != NULL) {
+      multi_file_error_collector_->AddError(filename_, line, column, message);
+    }
+    had_errors_ = true;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string filename_;
+  MultiFileErrorCollector* multi_file_error_collector_;
+  bool had_errors_;
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase::SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase(
+    SourceTree* source_tree)
+    : source_tree_(source_tree),
+      fallback_database_(nullptr),
+      error_collector_(nullptr),
+      using_validation_error_collector_(false),
+      validation_error_collector_(this) {}
+
+SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase::SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase(
+    SourceTree* source_tree, DescriptorDatabase* fallback_database)
+    : source_tree_(source_tree),
+      fallback_database_(fallback_database),
+      error_collector_(nullptr),
+      using_validation_error_collector_(false),
+      validation_error_collector_(this) {}
+
+SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase::~SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase() {}
+
+bool SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase::FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                                                  FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyInputStream> input(source_tree_->Open(filename));
+  if (input == NULL) {
+    if (fallback_database_ != nullptr &&
+        fallback_database_->FindFileByName(filename, output)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (error_collector_ != NULL) {
+      error_collector_->AddError(filename, -1, 0,
+                                 source_tree_->GetLastErrorMessage());
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Set up the tokenizer and parser.
+  SingleFileErrorCollector file_error_collector(filename, error_collector_);
+  io::Tokenizer tokenizer(input.get(), &file_error_collector);
+
+  Parser parser;
+  if (error_collector_ != NULL) {
+    parser.RecordErrorsTo(&file_error_collector);
+  }
+  if (using_validation_error_collector_) {
+    parser.RecordSourceLocationsTo(&source_locations_);
+  }
+
+  // Parse it.
+  output->set_name(filename);
+  return parser.Parse(&tokenizer, output) && !file_error_collector.had_errors();
+}
+
+bool SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase::FindFileContainingSymbol(
+    const std::string& symbol_name, FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase::FindFileContainingExtension(
+    const std::string& containing_type, int field_number,
+    FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  return false;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase::ValidationErrorCollector::
+    ValidationErrorCollector(SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase* owner)
+    : owner_(owner) {}
+
+SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase::ValidationErrorCollector::
+    ~ValidationErrorCollector() {}
+
+void SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase::ValidationErrorCollector::AddError(
+    const std::string& filename, const std::string& element_name,
+    const Message* descriptor, ErrorLocation location,
+    const std::string& message) {
+  if (owner_->error_collector_ == NULL) return;
+
+  int line, column;
+  if (location == DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::IMPORT) {
+    owner_->source_locations_.FindImport(descriptor, element_name, &line,
+                                         &column);
+  } else {
+    owner_->source_locations_.Find(descriptor, location, &line, &column);
+  }
+  owner_->error_collector_->AddError(filename, line, column, message);
+}
+
+void SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase::ValidationErrorCollector::AddWarning(
+    const std::string& filename, const std::string& element_name,
+    const Message* descriptor, ErrorLocation location,
+    const std::string& message) {
+  if (owner_->error_collector_ == NULL) return;
+
+  int line, column;
+  if (location == DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::IMPORT) {
+    owner_->source_locations_.FindImport(descriptor, element_name, &line,
+                                         &column);
+  } else {
+    owner_->source_locations_.Find(descriptor, location, &line, &column);
+  }
+  owner_->error_collector_->AddWarning(filename, line, column, message);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+Importer::Importer(SourceTree* source_tree,
+                   MultiFileErrorCollector* error_collector)
+    : database_(source_tree),
+      pool_(&database_, database_.GetValidationErrorCollector()) {
+  pool_.EnforceWeakDependencies(true);
+  database_.RecordErrorsTo(error_collector);
+}
+
+Importer::~Importer() {}
+
+const FileDescriptor* Importer::Import(const std::string& filename) {
+  return pool_.FindFileByName(filename);
+}
+
+void Importer::AddUnusedImportTrackFile(const std::string& file_name) {
+  pool_.AddUnusedImportTrackFile(file_name);
+}
+
+void Importer::ClearUnusedImportTrackFiles() {
+  pool_.ClearUnusedImportTrackFiles();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+SourceTree::~SourceTree() {}
+
+std::string SourceTree::GetLastErrorMessage() { return "File not found."; }
+
+DiskSourceTree::DiskSourceTree() {}
+
+DiskSourceTree::~DiskSourceTree() {}
+
+static inline char LastChar(const std::string& str) {
+  return str[str.size() - 1];
+}
+
+// Given a path, returns an equivalent path with these changes:
+// - On Windows, any backslashes are replaced with forward slashes.
+// - Any instances of the directory "." are removed.
+// - Any consecutive '/'s are collapsed into a single slash.
+// Note that the resulting string may be empty.
+//
+// TODO(kenton):  It would be nice to handle "..", e.g. so that we can figure
+//   out that "foo/bar.proto" is inside "baz/../foo".  However, if baz is a
+//   symlink or doesn't exist, then things get complicated, and we can't
+//   actually determine this without investigating the filesystem, probably
+//   in non-portable ways.  So, we punt.
+//
+// TODO(kenton):  It would be nice to use realpath() here except that it
+//   resolves symbolic links.  This could cause problems if people place
+//   symbolic links in their source tree.  For example, if you executed:
+//     protoc --proto_path=foo foo/bar/baz.proto
+//   then if foo/bar is a symbolic link, foo/bar/baz.proto will canonicalize
+//   to a path which does not appear to be under foo, and thus the compiler
+//   will complain that baz.proto is not inside the --proto_path.
+static std::string CanonicalizePath(std::string path) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  // The Win32 API accepts forward slashes as a path delimiter even though
+  // backslashes are standard.  Let's avoid confusion and use only forward
+  // slashes.
+  if (HasPrefixString(path, "\\\\")) {
+    // Avoid converting two leading backslashes.
+    path = "\\\\" + StringReplace(path.substr(2), "\\", "/", true);
+  } else {
+    path = StringReplace(path, "\\", "/", true);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  std::vector<std::string> canonical_parts;
+  std::vector<std::string> parts = Split(
+      path, "/", true);  // Note:  Removes empty parts.
+  for (int i = 0; i < parts.size(); i++) {
+    if (parts[i] == ".") {
+      // Ignore.
+    } else {
+      canonical_parts.push_back(parts[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  std::string result = Join(canonical_parts, "/");
+  if (!path.empty() && path[0] == '/') {
+    // Restore leading slash.
+    result = '/' + result;
+  }
+  if (!path.empty() && LastChar(path) == '/' && !result.empty() &&
+      LastChar(result) != '/') {
+    // Restore trailing slash.
+    result += '/';
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+static inline bool ContainsParentReference(const std::string& path) {
+  return path == ".." || HasPrefixString(path, "../") ||
+         HasSuffixString(path, "/..") || path.find("/../") != std::string::npos;
+}
+
+// Maps a file from an old location to a new one.  Typically, old_prefix is
+// a virtual path and new_prefix is its corresponding disk path.  Returns
+// false if the filename did not start with old_prefix, otherwise replaces
+// old_prefix with new_prefix and stores the result in *result.  Examples:
+//   string result;
+//   assert(ApplyMapping("foo/bar", "", "baz", &result));
+//   assert(result == "baz/foo/bar");
+//
+//   assert(ApplyMapping("foo/bar", "foo", "baz", &result));
+//   assert(result == "baz/bar");
+//
+//   assert(ApplyMapping("foo", "foo", "bar", &result));
+//   assert(result == "bar");
+//
+//   assert(!ApplyMapping("foo/bar", "baz", "qux", &result));
+//   assert(!ApplyMapping("foo/bar", "baz", "qux", &result));
+//   assert(!ApplyMapping("foobar", "foo", "baz", &result));
+static bool ApplyMapping(const std::string& filename,
+                         const std::string& old_prefix,
+                         const std::string& new_prefix, std::string* result) {
+  if (old_prefix.empty()) {
+    // old_prefix matches any relative path.
+    if (ContainsParentReference(filename)) {
+      // We do not allow the file name to use "..".
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (HasPrefixString(filename, "/") || IsWindowsAbsolutePath(filename)) {
+      // This is an absolute path, so it isn't matched by the empty string.
+      return false;
+    }
+    result->assign(new_prefix);
+    if (!result->empty()) result->push_back('/');
+    result->append(filename);
+    return true;
+  } else if (HasPrefixString(filename, old_prefix)) {
+    // old_prefix is a prefix of the filename.  Is it the whole filename?
+    if (filename.size() == old_prefix.size()) {
+      // Yep, it's an exact match.
+      *result = new_prefix;
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      // Not an exact match.  Is the next character a '/'?  Otherwise,
+      // this isn't actually a match at all.  E.g. the prefix "foo/bar"
+      // does not match the filename "foo/barbaz".
+      int after_prefix_start = -1;
+      if (filename[old_prefix.size()] == '/') {
+        after_prefix_start = old_prefix.size() + 1;
+      } else if (filename[old_prefix.size() - 1] == '/') {
+        // old_prefix is never empty, and canonicalized paths never have
+        // consecutive '/' characters.
+        after_prefix_start = old_prefix.size();
+      }
+      if (after_prefix_start != -1) {
+        // Yep.  So the prefixes are directories and the filename is a file
+        // inside them.
+        std::string after_prefix = filename.substr(after_prefix_start);
+        if (ContainsParentReference(after_prefix)) {
+          // We do not allow the file name to use "..".
+          return false;
+        }
+        result->assign(new_prefix);
+        if (!result->empty()) result->push_back('/');
+        result->append(after_prefix);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+void DiskSourceTree::MapPath(const std::string& virtual_path,
+                             const std::string& disk_path) {
+  mappings_.push_back(Mapping(virtual_path, CanonicalizePath(disk_path)));
+}
+
+DiskSourceTree::DiskFileToVirtualFileResult
+DiskSourceTree::DiskFileToVirtualFile(const std::string& disk_file,
+                                      std::string* virtual_file,
+                                      std::string* shadowing_disk_file) {
+  int mapping_index = -1;
+  std::string canonical_disk_file = CanonicalizePath(disk_file);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < mappings_.size(); i++) {
+    // Apply the mapping in reverse.
+    if (ApplyMapping(canonical_disk_file, mappings_[i].disk_path,
+                     mappings_[i].virtual_path, virtual_file)) {
+      // Success.
+      mapping_index = i;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (mapping_index == -1) {
+    return NO_MAPPING;
+  }
+
+  // Iterate through all mappings with higher precedence and verify that none
+  // of them map this file to some other existing file.
+  for (int i = 0; i < mapping_index; i++) {
+    if (ApplyMapping(*virtual_file, mappings_[i].virtual_path,
+                     mappings_[i].disk_path, shadowing_disk_file)) {
+      if (access(shadowing_disk_file->c_str(), F_OK) >= 0) {
+        // File exists.
+        return SHADOWED;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  shadowing_disk_file->clear();
+
+  // Verify that we can open the file.  Note that this also has the side-effect
+  // of verifying that we are not canonicalizing away any non-existent
+  // directories.
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyInputStream> stream(OpenDiskFile(disk_file));
+  if (stream == NULL) {
+    return CANNOT_OPEN;
+  }
+
+  return SUCCESS;
+}
+
+bool DiskSourceTree::VirtualFileToDiskFile(const std::string& virtual_file,
+                                           std::string* disk_file) {
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyInputStream> stream(
+      OpenVirtualFile(virtual_file, disk_file));
+  return stream != NULL;
+}
+
+io::ZeroCopyInputStream* DiskSourceTree::Open(const std::string& filename) {
+  return OpenVirtualFile(filename, NULL);
+}
+
+std::string DiskSourceTree::GetLastErrorMessage() {
+  return last_error_message_;
+}
+
+io::ZeroCopyInputStream* DiskSourceTree::OpenVirtualFile(
+    const std::string& virtual_file, std::string* disk_file) {
+  if (virtual_file != CanonicalizePath(virtual_file) ||
+      ContainsParentReference(virtual_file)) {
+    // We do not allow importing of paths containing things like ".." or
+    // consecutive slashes since the compiler expects files to be uniquely
+    // identified by file name.
+    last_error_message_ =
+        "Backslashes, consecutive slashes, \".\", or \"..\" "
+        "are not allowed in the virtual path";
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < mappings_.size(); i++) {
+    std::string temp_disk_file;
+    if (ApplyMapping(virtual_file, mappings_[i].virtual_path,
+                     mappings_[i].disk_path, &temp_disk_file)) {
+      io::ZeroCopyInputStream* stream = OpenDiskFile(temp_disk_file);
+      if (stream != NULL) {
+        if (disk_file != NULL) {
+          *disk_file = temp_disk_file;
+        }
+        return stream;
+      }
+
+      if (errno == EACCES) {
+        // The file exists but is not readable.
+        last_error_message_ =
+            "Read access is denied for file: " + temp_disk_file;
+        return NULL;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  last_error_message_ = "File not found.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+io::ZeroCopyInputStream* DiskSourceTree::OpenDiskFile(
+    const std::string& filename) {
+  int file_descriptor;
+  do {
+    file_descriptor = open(filename.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
+  } while (file_descriptor < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+  if (file_descriptor >= 0) {
+    io::FileInputStream* result = new io::FileInputStream(file_descriptor);
+    result->SetCloseOnDelete(true);
+    return result;
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a0b47ae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file is the public interface to the .proto file parser.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_IMPORTER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_IMPORTER_H__
+
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace io {
+class ZeroCopyInputStream;
+}
+
+namespace compiler {
+
+// Defined in this file.
+class Importer;
+class MultiFileErrorCollector;
+class SourceTree;
+class DiskSourceTree;
+
+// TODO(kenton):  Move all SourceTree stuff to a separate file?
+
+// An implementation of DescriptorDatabase which loads files from a SourceTree
+// and parses them.
+//
+// Note:  This class is not thread-safe since it maintains a table of source
+//   code locations for error reporting.  However, when a DescriptorPool wraps
+//   a DescriptorDatabase, it uses mutex locking to make sure only one method
+//   of the database is called at a time, even if the DescriptorPool is used
+//   from multiple threads.  Therefore, there is only a problem if you create
+//   multiple DescriptorPools wrapping the same SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase
+//   and use them from multiple threads.
+//
+// Note:  This class does not implement FindFileContainingSymbol() or
+//   FindFileContainingExtension(); these will always return false.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase : public DescriptorDatabase {
+ public:
+  SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase(SourceTree* source_tree);
+
+  // If non-NULL, fallback_database will be checked if a file doesn't exist in
+  // the specified source_tree.
+  SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase(SourceTree* source_tree,
+                               DescriptorDatabase* fallback_database);
+  ~SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase();
+
+  // Instructs the SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase to report any parse errors
+  // to the given MultiFileErrorCollector.  This should be called before
+  // parsing.  error_collector must remain valid until either this method
+  // is called again or the SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase is destroyed.
+  void RecordErrorsTo(MultiFileErrorCollector* error_collector) {
+    error_collector_ = error_collector;
+  }
+
+  // Gets a DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector which records errors to the
+  // MultiFileErrorCollector specified with RecordErrorsTo().  This collector
+  // has the ability to determine exact line and column numbers of errors
+  // from the information given to it by the DescriptorPool.
+  DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector* GetValidationErrorCollector() {
+    using_validation_error_collector_ = true;
+    return &validation_error_collector_;
+  }
+
+  // implements DescriptorDatabase -----------------------------------
+  bool FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                      FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+  bool FindFileContainingSymbol(const std::string& symbol_name,
+                                FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+  bool FindFileContainingExtension(const std::string& containing_type,
+                                   int field_number,
+                                   FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+
+ private:
+  class SingleFileErrorCollector;
+
+  SourceTree* source_tree_;
+  DescriptorDatabase* fallback_database_;
+  MultiFileErrorCollector* error_collector_;
+
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ValidationErrorCollector
+      : public DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector {
+   public:
+    ValidationErrorCollector(SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase* owner);
+    ~ValidationErrorCollector();
+
+    // implements ErrorCollector ---------------------------------------
+    void AddError(const std::string& filename, const std::string& element_name,
+                  const Message* descriptor, ErrorLocation location,
+                  const std::string& message) override;
+
+    void AddWarning(const std::string& filename,
+                    const std::string& element_name, const Message* descriptor,
+                    ErrorLocation location,
+                    const std::string& message) override;
+
+   private:
+    SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase* owner_;
+  };
+  friend class ValidationErrorCollector;
+
+  bool using_validation_error_collector_;
+  SourceLocationTable source_locations_;
+  ValidationErrorCollector validation_error_collector_;
+};
+
+// Simple interface for parsing .proto files.  This wraps the process
+// of opening the file, parsing it with a Parser, recursively parsing all its
+// imports, and then cross-linking the results to produce a FileDescriptor.
+//
+// This is really just a thin wrapper around SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase.
+// You may find that SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase is more flexible.
+//
+// TODO(kenton):  I feel like this class is not well-named.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Importer {
+ public:
+  Importer(SourceTree* source_tree, MultiFileErrorCollector* error_collector);
+  ~Importer();
+
+  // Import the given file and build a FileDescriptor representing it.  If
+  // the file is already in the DescriptorPool, the existing FileDescriptor
+  // will be returned.  The FileDescriptor is property of the DescriptorPool,
+  // and will remain valid until it is destroyed.  If any errors occur, they
+  // will be reported using the error collector and Import() will return NULL.
+  //
+  // A particular Importer object will only report errors for a particular
+  // file once.  All future attempts to import the same file will return NULL
+  // without reporting any errors.  The idea is that you might want to import
+  // a lot of files without seeing the same errors over and over again.  If
+  // you want to see errors for the same files repeatedly, you can use a
+  // separate Importer object to import each one (but use the same
+  // DescriptorPool so that they can be cross-linked).
+  const FileDescriptor* Import(const std::string& filename);
+
+  // The DescriptorPool in which all imported FileDescriptors and their
+  // contents are stored.
+  inline const DescriptorPool* pool() const { return &pool_; }
+
+  void AddUnusedImportTrackFile(const std::string& file_name);
+  void ClearUnusedImportTrackFiles();
+
+
+ private:
+  SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase database_;
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Importer);
+};
+
+// If the importer encounters problems while trying to import the proto files,
+// it reports them to a MultiFileErrorCollector.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MultiFileErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  inline MultiFileErrorCollector() {}
+  virtual ~MultiFileErrorCollector();
+
+  // Line and column numbers are zero-based.  A line number of -1 indicates
+  // an error with the entire file (e.g. "not found").
+  virtual void AddError(const std::string& filename, int line, int column,
+                        const std::string& message) = 0;
+
+  virtual void AddWarning(const std::string& filename, int line, int column,
+                          const std::string& message) {}
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MultiFileErrorCollector);
+};
+
+// Abstract interface which represents a directory tree containing proto files.
+// Used by the default implementation of Importer to resolve import statements
+// Most users will probably want to use the DiskSourceTree implementation,
+// below.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceTree {
+ public:
+  inline SourceTree() {}
+  virtual ~SourceTree();
+
+  // Open the given file and return a stream that reads it, or NULL if not
+  // found.  The caller takes ownership of the returned object.  The filename
+  // must be a path relative to the root of the source tree and must not
+  // contain "." or ".." components.
+  virtual io::ZeroCopyInputStream* Open(const std::string& filename) = 0;
+
+  // If Open() returns NULL, calling this method immediately will return an
+  // description of the error.
+  // Subclasses should implement this method and return a meaningful value for
+  // better error reporting.
+  // TODO(xiaofeng): change this to a pure virtual function.
+  virtual std::string GetLastErrorMessage();
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(SourceTree);
+};
+
+// An implementation of SourceTree which loads files from locations on disk.
+// Multiple mappings can be set up to map locations in the DiskSourceTree to
+// locations in the physical filesystem.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT DiskSourceTree : public SourceTree {
+ public:
+  DiskSourceTree();
+  ~DiskSourceTree();
+
+  // Map a path on disk to a location in the SourceTree.  The path may be
+  // either a file or a directory.  If it is a directory, the entire tree
+  // under it will be mapped to the given virtual location.  To map a directory
+  // to the root of the source tree, pass an empty string for virtual_path.
+  //
+  // If multiple mapped paths apply when opening a file, they will be searched
+  // in order.  For example, if you do:
+  //   MapPath("bar", "foo/bar");
+  //   MapPath("", "baz");
+  // and then you do:
+  //   Open("bar/qux");
+  // the DiskSourceTree will first try to open foo/bar/qux, then baz/bar/qux,
+  // returning the first one that opens successfuly.
+  //
+  // disk_path may be an absolute path or relative to the current directory,
+  // just like a path you'd pass to open().
+  void MapPath(const std::string& virtual_path, const std::string& disk_path);
+
+  // Return type for DiskFileToVirtualFile().
+  enum DiskFileToVirtualFileResult {
+    SUCCESS,
+    SHADOWED,
+    CANNOT_OPEN,
+    NO_MAPPING
+  };
+
+  // Given a path to a file on disk, find a virtual path mapping to that
+  // file.  The first mapping created with MapPath() whose disk_path contains
+  // the filename is used.  However, that virtual path may not actually be
+  // usable to open the given file.  Possible return values are:
+  // * SUCCESS: The mapping was found.  *virtual_file is filled in so that
+  //   calling Open(*virtual_file) will open the file named by disk_file.
+  // * SHADOWED: A mapping was found, but using Open() to open this virtual
+  //   path will end up returning some different file.  This is because some
+  //   other mapping with a higher precedence also matches this virtual path
+  //   and maps it to a different file that exists on disk.  *virtual_file
+  //   is filled in as it would be in the SUCCESS case.  *shadowing_disk_file
+  //   is filled in with the disk path of the file which would be opened if
+  //   you were to call Open(*virtual_file).
+  // * CANNOT_OPEN: The mapping was found and was not shadowed, but the
+  //   file specified cannot be opened.  When this value is returned,
+  //   errno will indicate the reason the file cannot be opened.  *virtual_file
+  //   will be set to the virtual path as in the SUCCESS case, even though
+  //   it is not useful.
+  // * NO_MAPPING: Indicates that no mapping was found which contains this
+  //   file.
+  DiskFileToVirtualFileResult DiskFileToVirtualFile(
+      const std::string& disk_file, std::string* virtual_file,
+      std::string* shadowing_disk_file);
+
+  // Given a virtual path, find the path to the file on disk.
+  // Return true and update disk_file with the on-disk path if the file exists.
+  // Return false and leave disk_file untouched if the file doesn't exist.
+  bool VirtualFileToDiskFile(const std::string& virtual_file,
+                             std::string* disk_file);
+
+  // implements SourceTree -------------------------------------------
+  io::ZeroCopyInputStream* Open(const std::string& filename) override;
+
+  std::string GetLastErrorMessage() override;
+
+ private:
+  struct Mapping {
+    std::string virtual_path;
+    std::string disk_path;
+
+    inline Mapping(const std::string& virtual_path_param,
+                   const std::string& disk_path_param)
+        : virtual_path(virtual_path_param), disk_path(disk_path_param) {}
+  };
+  std::vector<Mapping> mappings_;
+  std::string last_error_message_;
+
+  // Like Open(), but returns the on-disk path in disk_file if disk_file is
+  // non-NULL and the file could be successfully opened.
+  io::ZeroCopyInputStream* OpenVirtualFile(const std::string& virtual_file,
+                                           std::string* disk_file);
+
+  // Like Open() but given the actual on-disk path.
+  io::ZeroCopyInputStream* OpenDiskFile(const std::string& filename);
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(DiskSourceTree);
+};
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_IMPORTER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..111d66f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/importer.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+namespace {
+
+bool FileExists(const std::string& path) {
+  return File::Exists(path);
+}
+
+#define EXPECT_SUBSTRING(needle, haystack) \
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, (needle), (haystack))
+
+class MockErrorCollector : public MultiFileErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  MockErrorCollector() {}
+  ~MockErrorCollector() {}
+
+  std::string text_;
+  std::string warning_text_;
+
+  // implements ErrorCollector ---------------------------------------
+  void AddError(const std::string& filename, int line, int column,
+                const std::string& message) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&text_, "$0:$1:$2: $3\n", filename, line,
+                                 column, message);
+  }
+
+  void AddWarning(const std::string& filename, int line, int column,
+                  const std::string& message) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&warning_text_, "$0:$1:$2: $3\n", filename,
+                                 line, column, message);
+  }
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// A dummy implementation of SourceTree backed by a simple map.
+class MockSourceTree : public SourceTree {
+ public:
+  MockSourceTree() {}
+  ~MockSourceTree() {}
+
+  void AddFile(const std::string& name, const char* contents) {
+    files_[name] = contents;
+  }
+
+  // implements SourceTree -------------------------------------------
+  io::ZeroCopyInputStream* Open(const std::string& filename) {
+    const char* contents = FindPtrOrNull(files_, filename);
+    if (contents == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    } else {
+      return new io::ArrayInputStream(contents, strlen(contents));
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string GetLastErrorMessage() { return "File not found."; }
+
+ private:
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, const char*> files_;
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class ImporterTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ImporterTest() : importer_(&source_tree_, &error_collector_) {}
+
+  void AddFile(const std::string& filename, const char* text) {
+    source_tree_.AddFile(filename, text);
+  }
+
+  // Return the collected error text
+  std::string warning() const { return error_collector_.warning_text_; }
+
+  MockErrorCollector error_collector_;
+  MockSourceTree source_tree_;
+  Importer importer_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(ImporterTest, Import) {
+  // Test normal importing.
+  AddFile("foo.proto",
+          "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+          "message Foo {}\n");
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = importer_.Import("foo.proto");
+  EXPECT_EQ("", error_collector_.text_);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != NULL);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, file->message_type_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Foo", file->message_type(0)->name());
+
+  // Importing again should return same object.
+  EXPECT_EQ(file, importer_.Import("foo.proto"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ImporterTest, ImportNested) {
+  // Test that importing a file which imports another file works.
+  AddFile("foo.proto",
+          "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+          "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+          "message Foo {\n"
+          "  optional Bar bar = 1;\n"
+          "}\n");
+  AddFile("bar.proto",
+          "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+          "message Bar {}\n");
+
+  // Note that both files are actually parsed by the first call to Import()
+  // here, since foo.proto imports bar.proto.  The second call just returns
+  // the same ProtoFile for bar.proto which was constructed while importing
+  // foo.proto.  We test that this is the case below by checking that bar
+  // is among foo's dependencies (by pointer).
+  const FileDescriptor* foo = importer_.Import("foo.proto");
+  const FileDescriptor* bar = importer_.Import("bar.proto");
+  EXPECT_EQ("", error_collector_.text_);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(foo != NULL);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(bar != NULL);
+
+  // Check that foo's dependency is the same object as bar.
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, foo->dependency_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar, foo->dependency(0));
+
+  // Check that foo properly cross-links bar.
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, foo->message_type_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, bar->message_type_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, foo->message_type(0)->field_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+            foo->message_type(0)->field(0)->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar->message_type(0),
+            foo->message_type(0)->field(0)->message_type());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ImporterTest, FileNotFound) {
+  // Error:  Parsing a file that doesn't exist.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(importer_.Import("foo.proto") == NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto:-1:0: File not found.\n", error_collector_.text_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ImporterTest, ImportNotFound) {
+  // Error:  Importing a file that doesn't exist.
+  AddFile("foo.proto",
+          "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+          "import \"bar.proto\";\n");
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(importer_.Import("foo.proto") == NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "bar.proto:-1:0: File not found.\n"
+      "foo.proto:1:0: Import \"bar.proto\" was not found or had errors.\n",
+      error_collector_.text_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ImporterTest, RecursiveImport) {
+  // Error:  Recursive import.
+  AddFile("recursive1.proto",
+          "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+          "\n"
+          "import \"recursive2.proto\";\n");
+  AddFile("recursive2.proto",
+          "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+          "import \"recursive1.proto\";\n");
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(importer_.Import("recursive1.proto") == NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "recursive1.proto:2:0: File recursively imports itself: "
+      "recursive1.proto "
+      "-> recursive2.proto -> recursive1.proto\n"
+      "recursive2.proto:1:0: Import \"recursive1.proto\" was not found "
+      "or had errors.\n"
+      "recursive1.proto:2:0: Import \"recursive2.proto\" was not found "
+      "or had errors.\n",
+      error_collector_.text_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ImporterTest, RecursiveImportSelf) {
+  // Error:  Recursive import.
+  AddFile("recursive.proto",
+          "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+          "\n"
+          "import \"recursive.proto\";\n");
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(importer_.Import("recursive.proto") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "recursive.proto:2:0: File recursively imports itself: "
+      "recursive.proto -> recursive.proto\n",
+      error_collector_.text_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ImporterTest, LiteRuntimeImport) {
+  // Error:  Recursive import.
+  AddFile("bar.proto",
+          "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+          "option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;\n");
+  AddFile("foo.proto",
+          "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+          "import \"bar.proto\";\n");
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(importer_.Import("foo.proto") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "foo.proto:1:0: Files that do not use optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME "
+      "cannot import files which do use this option.  This file is not "
+      "lite, but it imports \"bar.proto\" which is.\n",
+      error_collector_.text_);
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class DiskSourceTreeTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    dirnames_.push_back(TestTempDir() + "/test_proto2_import_path_1");
+    dirnames_.push_back(TestTempDir() + "/test_proto2_import_path_2");
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < dirnames_.size(); i++) {
+      if (FileExists(dirnames_[i])) {
+        File::DeleteRecursively(dirnames_[i], NULL, NULL);
+      }
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::CreateDir(dirnames_[i], 0777));
+    }
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < dirnames_.size(); i++) {
+      if (FileExists(dirnames_[i])) {
+        File::DeleteRecursively(dirnames_[i], NULL, NULL);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void AddFile(const std::string& filename, const char* contents) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::SetContents(filename, contents, true));
+  }
+
+  void AddSubdir(const std::string& dirname) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::CreateDir(dirname, 0777));
+  }
+
+  void ExpectFileContents(const std::string& filename,
+                          const char* expected_contents) {
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyInputStream> input(source_tree_.Open(filename));
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(input == NULL);
+
+    // Read all the data from the file.
+    std::string file_contents;
+    const void* data;
+    int size;
+    while (input->Next(&data, &size)) {
+      file_contents.append(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data), size);
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_contents, file_contents);
+  }
+
+  void ExpectCannotOpenFile(const std::string& filename,
+                            const std::string& error_message) {
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyInputStream> input(source_tree_.Open(filename));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(input == NULL);
+    EXPECT_EQ(error_message, source_tree_.GetLastErrorMessage());
+  }
+
+  DiskSourceTree source_tree_;
+
+  // Paths of two on-disk directories to use during the test.
+  std::vector<std::string> dirnames_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(DiskSourceTreeTest, MapRoot) {
+  // Test opening a file in a directory that is mapped to the root of the
+  // source tree.
+  AddFile(dirnames_[0] + "/foo", "Hello World!");
+  source_tree_.MapPath("", dirnames_[0]);
+
+  ExpectFileContents("foo", "Hello World!");
+  ExpectCannotOpenFile("bar", "File not found.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(DiskSourceTreeTest, MapDirectory) {
+  // Test opening a file in a directory that is mapped to somewhere other
+  // than the root of the source tree.
+
+  AddFile(dirnames_[0] + "/foo", "Hello World!");
+  source_tree_.MapPath("baz", dirnames_[0]);
+
+  ExpectFileContents("baz/foo", "Hello World!");
+  ExpectCannotOpenFile("baz/bar", "File not found.");
+  ExpectCannotOpenFile("foo", "File not found.");
+  ExpectCannotOpenFile("bar", "File not found.");
+
+  // Non-canonical file names should not work.
+  ExpectCannotOpenFile("baz//foo",
+                       "Backslashes, consecutive slashes, \".\", or \"..\" are "
+                       "not allowed in the virtual path");
+  ExpectCannotOpenFile("baz/../baz/foo",
+                       "Backslashes, consecutive slashes, \".\", or \"..\" are "
+                       "not allowed in the virtual path");
+  ExpectCannotOpenFile("baz/./foo",
+                       "Backslashes, consecutive slashes, \".\", or \"..\" are "
+                       "not allowed in the virtual path");
+  ExpectCannotOpenFile("baz/foo/", "File not found.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(DiskSourceTreeTest, NoParent) {
+  // Test that we cannot open files in a parent of a mapped directory.
+
+  AddFile(dirnames_[0] + "/foo", "Hello World!");
+  AddSubdir(dirnames_[0] + "/bar");
+  AddFile(dirnames_[0] + "/bar/baz", "Blah.");
+  source_tree_.MapPath("", dirnames_[0] + "/bar");
+
+  ExpectFileContents("baz", "Blah.");
+  ExpectCannotOpenFile("../foo",
+                       "Backslashes, consecutive slashes, \".\", or \"..\" are "
+                       "not allowed in the virtual path");
+  ExpectCannotOpenFile("../bar/baz",
+                       "Backslashes, consecutive slashes, \".\", or \"..\" are "
+                       "not allowed in the virtual path");
+}
+
+TEST_F(DiskSourceTreeTest, MapFile) {
+  // Test opening a file that is mapped directly into the source tree.
+
+  AddFile(dirnames_[0] + "/foo", "Hello World!");
+  source_tree_.MapPath("foo", dirnames_[0] + "/foo");
+
+  ExpectFileContents("foo", "Hello World!");
+  ExpectCannotOpenFile("bar", "File not found.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(DiskSourceTreeTest, SearchMultipleDirectories) {
+  // Test mapping and searching multiple directories.
+
+  AddFile(dirnames_[0] + "/foo", "Hello World!");
+  AddFile(dirnames_[1] + "/foo", "This file should be hidden.");
+  AddFile(dirnames_[1] + "/bar", "Goodbye World!");
+  source_tree_.MapPath("", dirnames_[0]);
+  source_tree_.MapPath("", dirnames_[1]);
+
+  ExpectFileContents("foo", "Hello World!");
+  ExpectFileContents("bar", "Goodbye World!");
+  ExpectCannotOpenFile("baz", "File not found.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(DiskSourceTreeTest, OrderingTrumpsSpecificity) {
+  // Test that directories are always searched in order, even when a latter
+  // directory is more-specific than a former one.
+
+  // Create the "bar" directory so we can put a file in it.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::CreateDir(dirnames_[0] + "/bar", 0777));
+
+  // Add files and map paths.
+  AddFile(dirnames_[0] + "/bar/foo", "Hello World!");
+  AddFile(dirnames_[1] + "/foo", "This file should be hidden.");
+  source_tree_.MapPath("", dirnames_[0]);
+  source_tree_.MapPath("bar", dirnames_[1]);
+
+  // Check.
+  ExpectFileContents("bar/foo", "Hello World!");
+}
+
+TEST_F(DiskSourceTreeTest, DiskFileToVirtualFile) {
+  // Test DiskFileToVirtualFile.
+
+  AddFile(dirnames_[0] + "/foo", "Hello World!");
+  AddFile(dirnames_[1] + "/foo", "This file should be hidden.");
+  source_tree_.MapPath("bar", dirnames_[0]);
+  source_tree_.MapPath("bar", dirnames_[1]);
+
+  std::string virtual_file;
+  std::string shadowing_disk_file;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(DiskSourceTree::NO_MAPPING,
+            source_tree_.DiskFileToVirtualFile("/foo", &virtual_file,
+                                               &shadowing_disk_file));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(DiskSourceTree::SHADOWED,
+            source_tree_.DiskFileToVirtualFile(
+                dirnames_[1] + "/foo", &virtual_file, &shadowing_disk_file));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar/foo", virtual_file);
+  EXPECT_EQ(dirnames_[0] + "/foo", shadowing_disk_file);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(DiskSourceTree::CANNOT_OPEN,
+            source_tree_.DiskFileToVirtualFile(
+                dirnames_[1] + "/baz", &virtual_file, &shadowing_disk_file));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar/baz", virtual_file);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(DiskSourceTree::SUCCESS,
+            source_tree_.DiskFileToVirtualFile(
+                dirnames_[0] + "/foo", &virtual_file, &shadowing_disk_file));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar/foo", virtual_file);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DiskSourceTreeTest, DiskFileToVirtualFileCanonicalization) {
+  // Test handling of "..", ".", etc. in DiskFileToVirtualFile().
+
+  source_tree_.MapPath("dir1", "..");
+  source_tree_.MapPath("dir2", "../../foo");
+  source_tree_.MapPath("dir3", "./foo/bar/.");
+  source_tree_.MapPath("dir4", ".");
+  source_tree_.MapPath("", "/qux");
+  source_tree_.MapPath("dir5", "/quux/");
+
+  std::string virtual_file;
+  std::string shadowing_disk_file;
+
+  // "../.." should not be considered to be under "..".
+  EXPECT_EQ(DiskSourceTree::NO_MAPPING,
+            source_tree_.DiskFileToVirtualFile("../../baz", &virtual_file,
+                                               &shadowing_disk_file));
+
+  // "/foo" is not mapped (it should not be misintepreted as being under ".").
+  EXPECT_EQ(DiskSourceTree::NO_MAPPING,
+            source_tree_.DiskFileToVirtualFile("/foo", &virtual_file,
+                                               &shadowing_disk_file));
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+  // "C:\foo" is not mapped (it should not be misintepreted as being under ".").
+  EXPECT_EQ(DiskSourceTree::NO_MAPPING,
+            source_tree_.DiskFileToVirtualFile("C:\\foo", &virtual_file,
+                                               &shadowing_disk_file));
+#endif  // WIN32
+
+  // But "../baz" should be.
+  EXPECT_EQ(DiskSourceTree::CANNOT_OPEN,
+            source_tree_.DiskFileToVirtualFile("../baz", &virtual_file,
+                                               &shadowing_disk_file));
+  EXPECT_EQ("dir1/baz", virtual_file);
+
+  // "../../foo/baz" is under "../../foo".
+  EXPECT_EQ(DiskSourceTree::CANNOT_OPEN,
+            source_tree_.DiskFileToVirtualFile("../../foo/baz", &virtual_file,
+                                               &shadowing_disk_file));
+  EXPECT_EQ("dir2/baz", virtual_file);
+
+  // "foo/./bar/baz" is under "./foo/bar/.".
+  EXPECT_EQ(DiskSourceTree::CANNOT_OPEN,
+            source_tree_.DiskFileToVirtualFile("foo/bar/baz", &virtual_file,
+                                               &shadowing_disk_file));
+  EXPECT_EQ("dir3/baz", virtual_file);
+
+  // "bar" is under ".".
+  EXPECT_EQ(DiskSourceTree::CANNOT_OPEN,
+            source_tree_.DiskFileToVirtualFile("bar", &virtual_file,
+                                               &shadowing_disk_file));
+  EXPECT_EQ("dir4/bar", virtual_file);
+
+  // "/qux/baz" is under "/qux".
+  EXPECT_EQ(DiskSourceTree::CANNOT_OPEN,
+            source_tree_.DiskFileToVirtualFile("/qux/baz", &virtual_file,
+                                               &shadowing_disk_file));
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", virtual_file);
+
+  // "/quux/bar" is under "/quux".
+  EXPECT_EQ(DiskSourceTree::CANNOT_OPEN,
+            source_tree_.DiskFileToVirtualFile("/quux/bar", &virtual_file,
+                                               &shadowing_disk_file));
+  EXPECT_EQ("dir5/bar", virtual_file);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DiskSourceTreeTest, VirtualFileToDiskFile) {
+  // Test VirtualFileToDiskFile.
+
+  AddFile(dirnames_[0] + "/foo", "Hello World!");
+  AddFile(dirnames_[1] + "/foo", "This file should be hidden.");
+  AddFile(dirnames_[1] + "/quux", "This file should not be hidden.");
+  source_tree_.MapPath("bar", dirnames_[0]);
+  source_tree_.MapPath("bar", dirnames_[1]);
+
+  // Existent files, shadowed and non-shadowed case.
+  std::string disk_file;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(source_tree_.VirtualFileToDiskFile("bar/foo", &disk_file));
+  EXPECT_EQ(dirnames_[0] + "/foo", disk_file);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(source_tree_.VirtualFileToDiskFile("bar/quux", &disk_file));
+  EXPECT_EQ(dirnames_[1] + "/quux", disk_file);
+
+  // Nonexistent file in existent directory and vice versa.
+  std::string not_touched = "not touched";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(source_tree_.VirtualFileToDiskFile("bar/baz", &not_touched));
+  EXPECT_EQ("not touched", not_touched);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(source_tree_.VirtualFileToDiskFile("baz/foo", &not_touched));
+  EXPECT_EQ("not touched", not_touched);
+
+  // Accept NULL as output parameter.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(source_tree_.VirtualFileToDiskFile("bar/foo", NULL));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(source_tree_.VirtualFileToDiskFile("baz/foo", NULL));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d74a7ed63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+Context::Context(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options)
+    : name_resolver_(new ClassNameResolver), options_(options) {
+  InitializeFieldGeneratorInfo(file);
+}
+
+Context::~Context() {}
+
+ClassNameResolver* Context::GetNameResolver() const {
+  return name_resolver_.get();
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Whether two fields have conflicting accessors (assuming name1 and name2
+// are different). name1 and name2 are field1 and field2's camel-case name
+// respectively.
+bool IsConflicting(const FieldDescriptor* field1, const std::string& name1,
+                   const FieldDescriptor* field2, const std::string& name2,
+                   std::string* info) {
+  if (field1->is_repeated()) {
+    if (field2->is_repeated()) {
+      // Both fields are repeated.
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      // field1 is repeated, and field2 is not.
+      if (name1 + "Count" == name2) {
+        *info = "both repeated field \"" + field1->name() + "\" and singular " +
+                "field \"" + field2->name() + "\" generate the method \"" +
+                "get" + name1 + "Count()\"";
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (name1 + "List" == name2) {
+        *info = "both repeated field \"" + field1->name() + "\" and singular " +
+                "field \"" + field2->name() + "\" generate the method \"" +
+                "get" + name1 + "List()\"";
+        return true;
+      }
+      // Well, there are obviously many more conflicting cases, but it probably
+      // doesn't worth the effort to exhaust all of them because they rarely
+      // happen and as we are continuing adding new methods/changing existing
+      // methods the number of different conflicting cases will keep growing.
+      // We can just add more cases here when they are found in the real world.
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (field2->is_repeated()) {
+      return IsConflicting(field2, name2, field1, name1, info);
+    } else {
+      // None of the two fields are repeated.
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+void Context::InitializeFieldGeneratorInfo(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    InitializeFieldGeneratorInfoForMessage(file->message_type(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void Context::InitializeFieldGeneratorInfoForMessage(
+    const Descriptor* message) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    InitializeFieldGeneratorInfoForMessage(message->nested_type(i));
+  }
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); ++i) {
+    fields.push_back(message->field(i));
+  }
+  InitializeFieldGeneratorInfoForFields(fields);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof = message->oneof_decl(i);
+    OneofGeneratorInfo info;
+    info.name = UnderscoresToCamelCase(oneof->name(), false);
+    info.capitalized_name = UnderscoresToCamelCase(oneof->name(), true);
+    oneof_generator_info_map_[oneof] = info;
+  }
+}
+
+void Context::InitializeFieldGeneratorInfoForFields(
+    const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields) {
+  // Find out all fields that conflict with some other field in the same
+  // message.
+  std::vector<bool> is_conflict(fields.size());
+  std::vector<std::string> conflict_reason(fields.size());
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
+    const std::string& name = UnderscoresToCapitalizedCamelCase(field);
+    for (int j = i + 1; j < fields.size(); ++j) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* other = fields[j];
+      const std::string& other_name = UnderscoresToCapitalizedCamelCase(other);
+      if (name == other_name) {
+        is_conflict[i] = is_conflict[j] = true;
+        conflict_reason[i] = conflict_reason[j] =
+            "capitalized name of field \"" + field->name() +
+            "\" conflicts with field \"" + other->name() + "\"";
+      } else if (IsConflicting(field, name, other, other_name,
+                               &conflict_reason[j])) {
+        is_conflict[i] = is_conflict[j] = true;
+        conflict_reason[i] = conflict_reason[j];
+      }
+    }
+    if (is_conflict[i]) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "field \"" << field->full_name() << "\" is conflicting "
+                   << "with another field: " << conflict_reason[i];
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
+    FieldGeneratorInfo info;
+    info.name = CamelCaseFieldName(field);
+    info.capitalized_name = UnderscoresToCapitalizedCamelCase(field);
+    // For fields conflicting with some other fields, we append the field
+    // number to their field names in generated code to avoid conflicts.
+    if (is_conflict[i]) {
+      info.name += StrCat(field->number());
+      info.capitalized_name += StrCat(field->number());
+      info.disambiguated_reason = conflict_reason[i];
+    }
+    field_generator_info_map_[field] = info;
+  }
+}
+
+const FieldGeneratorInfo* Context::GetFieldGeneratorInfo(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  const FieldGeneratorInfo* result =
+      FindOrNull(field_generator_info_map_, field);
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can not find FieldGeneratorInfo for field: "
+               << field->full_name();
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+const OneofGeneratorInfo* Context::GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof) const {
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* result =
+      FindOrNull(oneof_generator_info_map_, oneof);
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can not find OneofGeneratorInfo for oneof: "
+               << oneof->name();
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Does this message class have generated parsing, serialization, and other
+// standard methods for which reflection-based fallback implementations exist?
+bool Context::HasGeneratedMethods(const Descriptor* descriptor) const {
+  return options_.enforce_lite ||
+         descriptor->file()->options().optimize_for() != FileOptions::CODE_SIZE;
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3fa6af177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_CONTEXT_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_CONTEXT_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_options.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class FileDescriptor;
+class FieldDescriptor;
+class OneofDescriptor;
+class Descriptor;
+class EnumDescriptor;
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+struct FieldGeneratorInfo;
+struct OneofGeneratorInfo;
+// A context object holds the information that is shared among all code
+// generators.
+class Context {
+ public:
+  Context(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options);
+  ~Context();
+
+  // Get the name resolver associated with this context. The resolver
+  // can be used to map descriptors to Java class names.
+  ClassNameResolver* GetNameResolver() const;
+
+  // Get the FieldGeneratorInfo for a given field.
+  const FieldGeneratorInfo* GetFieldGeneratorInfo(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // Get the OneofGeneratorInfo for a given oneof.
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
+      const OneofDescriptor* oneof) const;
+
+  const Options& options() const { return options_; }
+
+  // Enforces all the files (including transitive dependencies) to use
+  // LiteRuntime.
+
+  bool EnforceLite() const { return options_.enforce_lite; }
+
+  // Does this message class have generated parsing, serialization, and other
+  // standard methods for which reflection-based fallback implementations exist?
+  bool HasGeneratedMethods(const Descriptor* descriptor) const;
+
+ private:
+  void InitializeFieldGeneratorInfo(const FileDescriptor* file);
+  void InitializeFieldGeneratorInfoForMessage(const Descriptor* message);
+  void InitializeFieldGeneratorInfoForFields(
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields);
+
+  std::unique_ptr<ClassNameResolver> name_resolver_;
+  std::map<const FieldDescriptor*, FieldGeneratorInfo>
+      field_generator_info_map_;
+  std::map<const OneofDescriptor*, OneofGeneratorInfo>
+      oneof_generator_info_map_;
+  Options options_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Context);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_CONTEXT_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2376488f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+std::string EscapeJavadoc(const std::string& input) {
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(input.size() * 2);
+
+  char prev = '*';
+
+  for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    char c = input[i];
+    switch (c) {
+      case '*':
+        // Avoid "/*".
+        if (prev == '/') {
+          result.append("&#42;");
+        } else {
+          result.push_back(c);
+        }
+        break;
+      case '/':
+        // Avoid "*/".
+        if (prev == '*') {
+          result.append("&#47;");
+        } else {
+          result.push_back(c);
+        }
+        break;
+      case '@':
+        // '@' starts javadoc tags including the @deprecated tag, which will
+        // cause a compile-time error if inserted before a declaration that
+        // does not have a corresponding @Deprecated annotation.
+        result.append("&#64;");
+        break;
+      case '<':
+        // Avoid interpretation as HTML.
+        result.append("&lt;");
+        break;
+      case '>':
+        // Avoid interpretation as HTML.
+        result.append("&gt;");
+        break;
+      case '&':
+        // Avoid interpretation as HTML.
+        result.append("&amp;");
+        break;
+      case '\\':
+        // Java interprets Unicode escape sequences anywhere!
+        result.append("&#92;");
+        break;
+      default:
+        result.push_back(c);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    prev = c;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+static void WriteDocCommentBodyForLocation(io::Printer* printer,
+                                           const SourceLocation& location) {
+  std::string comments = location.leading_comments.empty()
+                             ? location.trailing_comments
+                             : location.leading_comments;
+  if (!comments.empty()) {
+    // TODO(kenton):  Ideally we should parse the comment text as Markdown and
+    //   write it back as HTML, but this requires a Markdown parser.  For now
+    //   we just use <pre> to get fixed-width text formatting.
+
+    // If the comment itself contains block comment start or end markers,
+    // HTML-escape them so that they don't accidentally close the doc comment.
+    comments = EscapeJavadoc(comments);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> lines = Split(comments, "\n");
+    while (!lines.empty() && lines.back().empty()) {
+      lines.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    printer->Print(" * <pre>\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
+      // Most lines should start with a space.  Watch out for lines that start
+      // with a /, since putting that right after the leading asterisk will
+      // close the comment.
+      if (!lines[i].empty() && lines[i][0] == '/') {
+        printer->Print(" * $line$\n", "line", lines[i]);
+      } else {
+        printer->Print(" *$line$\n", "line", lines[i]);
+      }
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        " * </pre>\n"
+        " *\n");
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename DescriptorType>
+static void WriteDocCommentBody(io::Printer* printer,
+                                const DescriptorType* descriptor) {
+  SourceLocation location;
+  if (descriptor->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+    WriteDocCommentBodyForLocation(printer, location);
+  }
+}
+
+static std::string FirstLineOf(const std::string& value) {
+  std::string result = value;
+
+  std::string::size_type pos = result.find_first_of('\n');
+  if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+    result.erase(pos);
+  }
+
+  // If line ends in an opening brace, make it "{ ... }" so it looks nice.
+  if (!result.empty() && result[result.size() - 1] == '{') {
+    result.append(" ... }");
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+void WriteMessageDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor* message) {
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  WriteDocCommentBody(printer, message);
+  printer->Print(
+      " * Protobuf type {@code $fullname$}\n"
+      " */\n",
+      "fullname", EscapeJavadoc(message->full_name()));
+}
+
+void WriteFieldDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // We start the comment with the main body based on the comments from the
+  // .proto file (if present). We then continue with the field declaration,
+  // e.g.:
+  //   optional string foo = 5;
+  // And then we end with the javadoc tags if applicable.
+  // If the field is a group, the debug string might end with {.
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  WriteDocCommentBody(printer, field);
+  printer->Print(" * <code>$def$</code>\n", "def",
+                 EscapeJavadoc(FirstLineOf(field->DebugString())));
+  printer->Print(" */\n");
+}
+
+void WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                  const FieldAccessorType type,
+                                  const bool builder) {
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  WriteDocCommentBody(printer, field);
+  printer->Print(" * <code>$def$</code>\n", "def",
+                 EscapeJavadoc(FirstLineOf(field->DebugString())));
+  switch (type) {
+    case HAZZER:
+      printer->Print(" * @return Whether the $name$ field is set.\n", "name",
+                     field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case GETTER:
+      printer->Print(" * @return The $name$.\n", "name",
+                     field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case SETTER:
+      printer->Print(" * @param value The $name$ to set.\n", "name",
+                     field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case CLEARER:
+      // Print nothing
+      break;
+    // Repeated
+    case LIST_COUNT:
+      printer->Print(" * @return The count of $name$.\n", "name",
+                     field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case LIST_GETTER:
+      printer->Print(" * @return A list containing the $name$.\n", "name",
+                     field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case LIST_INDEXED_GETTER:
+      printer->Print(" * @param index The index of the element to return.\n");
+      printer->Print(" * @return The $name$ at the given index.\n", "name",
+                     field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case LIST_INDEXED_SETTER:
+      printer->Print(" * @param index The index to set the value at.\n");
+      printer->Print(" * @param value The $name$ to set.\n", "name",
+                     field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case LIST_ADDER:
+      printer->Print(" * @param value The $name$ to add.\n", "name",
+                     field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case LIST_MULTI_ADDER:
+      printer->Print(" * @param values The $name$ to add.\n", "name",
+                     field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+  }
+  if (builder) {
+    printer->Print(" * @return This builder for chaining.\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(" */\n");
+}
+
+void WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                                           const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                           const FieldAccessorType type,
+                                           const bool builder) {
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  WriteDocCommentBody(printer, field);
+  printer->Print(" * <code>$def$</code>\n", "def",
+                 EscapeJavadoc(FirstLineOf(field->DebugString())));
+  switch (type) {
+    case HAZZER:
+      // Should never happen
+      break;
+    case GETTER:
+      printer->Print(
+          " * @return The enum numeric value on the wire for $name$.\n", "name",
+          field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case SETTER:
+      printer->Print(
+          " * @param value The enum numeric value on the wire for $name$ to "
+          "set.\n",
+          "name", field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case CLEARER:
+      // Print nothing
+      break;
+    // Repeated
+    case LIST_COUNT:
+      // Should never happen
+      break;
+    case LIST_GETTER:
+      printer->Print(
+          " * @return A list containing the enum numeric values on the wire "
+          "for $name$.\n",
+          "name", field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case LIST_INDEXED_GETTER:
+      printer->Print(" * @param index The index of the value to return.\n");
+      printer->Print(
+          " * @return The enum numeric value on the wire of $name$ at the "
+          "given index.\n",
+          "name", field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case LIST_INDEXED_SETTER:
+      printer->Print(" * @param index The index to set the value at.\n");
+      printer->Print(
+          " * @param value The enum numeric value on the wire for $name$ to "
+          "set.\n",
+          "name", field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case LIST_ADDER:
+      printer->Print(
+          " * @param value The enum numeric value on the wire for $name$ to "
+          "add.\n",
+          "name", field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case LIST_MULTI_ADDER:
+      printer->Print(
+          " * @param values The enum numeric values on the wire for $name$ to "
+          "add.\n",
+          "name", field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+  }
+  if (builder) {
+    printer->Print(" * @return This builder for chaining.\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(" */\n");
+}
+
+void WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                                             const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                             const FieldAccessorType type,
+                                             const bool builder) {
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  WriteDocCommentBody(printer, field);
+  printer->Print(" * <code>$def$</code>\n", "def",
+                 EscapeJavadoc(FirstLineOf(field->DebugString())));
+  switch (type) {
+    case HAZZER:
+      // Should never happen
+      break;
+    case GETTER:
+      printer->Print(" * @return The bytes for $name$.\n", "name",
+                     field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case SETTER:
+      printer->Print(" * @param value The bytes for $name$ to set.\n", "name",
+                     field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case CLEARER:
+      // Print nothing
+      break;
+    // Repeated
+    case LIST_COUNT:
+      // Should never happen
+      break;
+    case LIST_GETTER:
+      printer->Print(" * @return A list containing the bytes for $name$.\n",
+                     "name", field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case LIST_INDEXED_GETTER:
+      printer->Print(" * @param index The index of the value to return.\n");
+      printer->Print(" * @return The bytes of the $name$ at the given index.\n",
+                     "name", field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case LIST_INDEXED_SETTER:
+      printer->Print(" * @param index The index to set the value at.\n");
+      printer->Print(" * @param value The bytes of the $name$ to set.\n",
+                     "name", field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case LIST_ADDER:
+      printer->Print(" * @param value The bytes of the $name$ to add.\n",
+                     "name", field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+    case LIST_MULTI_ADDER:
+      printer->Print(" * @param values The bytes of the $name$ to add.\n",
+                     "name", field->camelcase_name());
+      break;
+  }
+  if (builder) {
+    printer->Print(" * @return This builder for chaining.\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(" */\n");
+}
+
+// Enum
+
+void WriteEnumDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const EnumDescriptor* enum_) {
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  WriteDocCommentBody(printer, enum_);
+  printer->Print(
+      " * Protobuf enum {@code $fullname$}\n"
+      " */\n",
+      "fullname", EscapeJavadoc(enum_->full_name()));
+}
+
+void WriteEnumValueDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                              const EnumValueDescriptor* value) {
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  WriteDocCommentBody(printer, value);
+  printer->Print(
+      " * <code>$def$</code>\n"
+      " */\n",
+      "def", EscapeJavadoc(FirstLineOf(value->DebugString())));
+}
+
+void WriteServiceDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                            const ServiceDescriptor* service) {
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  WriteDocCommentBody(printer, service);
+  printer->Print(
+      " * Protobuf service {@code $fullname$}\n"
+      " */\n",
+      "fullname", EscapeJavadoc(service->full_name()));
+}
+
+void WriteMethodDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                           const MethodDescriptor* method) {
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  WriteDocCommentBody(printer, method);
+  printer->Print(
+      " * <code>$def$</code>\n"
+      " */\n",
+      "def", EscapeJavadoc(FirstLineOf(method->DebugString())));
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7de87767
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_DOC_COMMENT_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_DOC_COMMENT_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+enum FieldAccessorType {
+  HAZZER,
+  GETTER,
+  SETTER,
+  CLEARER,
+  // Repeated
+  LIST_COUNT,
+  LIST_GETTER,
+  LIST_INDEXED_GETTER,
+  LIST_INDEXED_SETTER,
+  LIST_ADDER,
+  LIST_MULTI_ADDER
+};
+
+void WriteMessageDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor* message);
+void WriteFieldDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const FieldDescriptor* field);
+void WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                  const FieldAccessorType type,
+                                  const bool builder = false);
+void WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                                           const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                           const FieldAccessorType type,
+                                           const bool builder = false);
+void WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                                             const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                             const FieldAccessorType type,
+                                             const bool builder = false);
+void WriteEnumDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const EnumDescriptor* enum_);
+void WriteEnumValueDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                              const EnumValueDescriptor* value);
+void WriteServiceDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                            const ServiceDescriptor* service);
+void WriteMethodDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                           const MethodDescriptor* method);
+
+// Exposed for testing only.
+PROTOC_EXPORT std::string EscapeJavadoc(const std::string& input);
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_DOC_COMMENT_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae582ea64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(JavaDocCommentTest, Escaping) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo /&#42; bar *&#47; baz", EscapeJavadoc("foo /* bar */ baz"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo /&#42;&#47; baz", EscapeJavadoc("foo /*/ baz"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("{&#64;foo}", EscapeJavadoc("{@foo}"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("&lt;i&gt;&amp;&lt;/i&gt;", EscapeJavadoc("<i>&</i>"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo&#92;u1234bar", EscapeJavadoc("foo\\u1234bar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("&#64;deprecated", EscapeJavadoc("@deprecated"));
+}
+
+// TODO(kenton):  It's hard to write a robust test of the doc comments -- we
+//   can only really compare the output against a golden value, which is a
+//   fairly tedious and fragile testing strategy.  If we want to go that route,
+//   it probably makes sense to bite the bullet and write a test that compares
+//   the whole generated output for unittest.proto against a golden value, with
+//   a very simple script that can be run to regenerate it with the latest code.
+//   This would mean that updates to the golden file would have to be included
+//   in any change to the code generator, which would actually be fairly useful
+//   as it allows the reviewer to see clearly how the generated code is
+//   changing.
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9415eb5d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+EnumGenerator::EnumGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             bool immutable_api, Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      immutable_api_(immutable_api),
+      context_(context),
+      name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value = descriptor_->value(i);
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* canonical_value =
+        descriptor_->FindValueByNumber(value->number());
+
+    if (value == canonical_value) {
+      canonical_values_.push_back(value);
+    } else {
+      Alias alias;
+      alias.value = value;
+      alias.canonical_value = canonical_value;
+      aliases_.push_back(alias);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+EnumGenerator::~EnumGenerator() {}
+
+void EnumGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WriteEnumDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  MaybePrintGeneratedAnnotation(context_, printer, descriptor_, immutable_api_);
+  printer->Print(
+      "public enum $classname$\n"
+      "    implements com.google.protobuf.ProtocolMessageEnum {\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Annotate("classname", descriptor_);
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  bool ordinal_is_index = true;
+  std::string index_text = "ordinal()";
+  for (int i = 0; i < canonical_values_.size(); i++) {
+    if (canonical_values_[i]->index() != i) {
+      ordinal_is_index = false;
+      index_text = "index";
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < canonical_values_.size(); i++) {
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    vars["name"] = canonical_values_[i]->name();
+    vars["index"] = StrCat(canonical_values_[i]->index());
+    vars["number"] = StrCat(canonical_values_[i]->number());
+    WriteEnumValueDocComment(printer, canonical_values_[i]);
+    if (canonical_values_[i]->options().deprecated()) {
+      printer->Print("@java.lang.Deprecated\n");
+    }
+    if (ordinal_is_index) {
+      printer->Print(vars, "$name$($number$),\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(vars, "$name$($index$, $number$),\n");
+    }
+    printer->Annotate("name", canonical_values_[i]);
+  }
+
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    if (ordinal_is_index) {
+      printer->Print("${$UNRECOGNIZED$}$(-1),\n", "{", "", "}", "");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print("${$UNRECOGNIZED$}$(-1, -1),\n", "{", "", "}", "");
+    }
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      ";\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < aliases_.size(); i++) {
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    vars["classname"] = descriptor_->name();
+    vars["name"] = aliases_[i].value->name();
+    vars["canonical_name"] = aliases_[i].canonical_value->name();
+    WriteEnumValueDocComment(printer, aliases_[i].value);
+    printer->Print(
+        vars, "public static final $classname$ $name$ = $canonical_name$;\n");
+    printer->Annotate("name", aliases_[i].value);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    vars["name"] = descriptor_->value(i)->name();
+    vars["number"] = StrCat(descriptor_->value(i)->number());
+    vars["{"] = "";
+    vars["}"] = "";
+    WriteEnumValueDocComment(printer, descriptor_->value(i));
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "public static final int ${$$name$_VALUE$}$ = $number$;\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_->value(i));
+  }
+  printer->Print("\n");
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "public final int getNumber() {\n");
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    if (ordinal_is_index) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "  if (this == UNRECOGNIZED) {\n"
+          "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(\n"
+          "        \"Can't get the number of an unknown enum value.\");\n"
+          "  }\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          "  if (index == -1) {\n"
+          "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(\n"
+          "        \"Can't get the number of an unknown enum value.\");\n"
+          "  }\n");
+    }
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+      "  return value;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "/**\n"
+      " * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum "
+      "entry.\n"
+      " * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.\n"
+      " * @deprecated Use {@link #forNumber(int)} instead.\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+      "public static $classname$ valueOf(int value) {\n"
+      "  return forNumber(value);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "/**\n"
+      " * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum "
+      "entry.\n"
+      " * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "public static $classname$ forNumber(int value) {\n"
+      "  switch (value) {\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < canonical_values_.size(); i++) {
+    printer->Print("case $number$: return $name$;\n", "name",
+                   canonical_values_[i]->name(), "number",
+                   StrCat(canonical_values_[i]->number()));
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "    default: return null;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "public static com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<$classname$>\n"
+      "    internalGetValueMap() {\n"
+      "  return internalValueMap;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "private static final com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<\n"
+      "    $classname$> internalValueMap =\n"
+      "      new com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<$classname$>() {\n"
+      "        public $classname$ findValueByNumber(int number) {\n"
+      "          return $classname$.forNumber(number);\n"
+      "        }\n"
+      "      };\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Reflection
+
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_, context_->EnforceLite())) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "public final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor\n"
+        "    getValueDescriptor() {\n"
+        "  return getDescriptor().getValues().get($index_text$);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "public final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor\n"
+        "    getDescriptorForType() {\n"
+        "  return getDescriptor();\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor\n"
+        "    getDescriptor() {\n",
+        "index_text", index_text);
+
+    // TODO(kenton):  Cache statically?  Note that we can't access descriptors
+    //   at module init time because it wouldn't work with descriptor.proto, but
+    //   we can cache the value the first time getDescriptor() is called.
+    if (descriptor_->containing_type() == NULL) {
+      // The class generated for the File fully populates the descriptor with
+      // extensions in both the mutable and immutable cases. (In the mutable api
+      // this is accomplished by attempting to load the immutable outer class).
+      printer->Print(
+          "  return $file$.getDescriptor().getEnumTypes().get($index$);\n",
+          "file",
+          name_resolver_->GetClassName(descriptor_->file(), immutable_api_),
+          "index", StrCat(descriptor_->index()));
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          "  return $parent$.$descriptor$.getEnumTypes().get($index$);\n",
+          "parent",
+          name_resolver_->GetClassName(descriptor_->containing_type(),
+                                       immutable_api_),
+          "descriptor",
+          descriptor_->containing_type()
+                  ->options()
+                  .no_standard_descriptor_accessor()
+              ? "getDefaultInstance().getDescriptorForType()"
+              : "getDescriptor()",
+          "index", StrCat(descriptor_->index()));
+    }
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "}\n"
+        "\n"
+        "private static final $classname$[] VALUES = ",
+        "classname", descriptor_->name());
+
+    if (CanUseEnumValues()) {
+      // If the constants we are going to output are exactly the ones we
+      // have declared in the Java enum in the same order, then we can use
+      // the values() method that the Java compiler automatically generates
+      // for every enum.
+      printer->Print("values();\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          "{\n"
+          "  ");
+      for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
+        printer->Print("$name$, ", "name", descriptor_->value(i)->name());
+      }
+      printer->Print(
+          "\n"
+          "};\n");
+    }
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "\n"
+        "public static $classname$ valueOf(\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor desc) {\n"
+        "  if (desc.getType() != getDescriptor()) {\n"
+        "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(\n"
+        "      \"EnumValueDescriptor is not for this type.\");\n"
+        "  }\n",
+        "classname", descriptor_->name());
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "  if (desc.getIndex() == -1) {\n"
+          "    return UNRECOGNIZED;\n"
+          "  }\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "  return VALUES[desc.getIndex()];\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n");
+
+    if (!ordinal_is_index) {
+      printer->Print("private final int index;\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  printer->Print("private final int value;\n\n");
+
+  if (ordinal_is_index) {
+    printer->Print("private $classname$(int value) {\n", "classname",
+                   descriptor_->name());
+  } else {
+    printer->Print("private $classname$(int index, int value) {\n", "classname",
+                   descriptor_->name());
+  }
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_, context_->EnforceLite()) &&
+      !ordinal_is_index) {
+    printer->Print("  this.index = index;\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+      "  this.value = value;\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(enum_scope:$full_name$)\n",
+      "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+}
+
+bool EnumGenerator::CanUseEnumValues() {
+  if (canonical_values_.size() != descriptor_->value_count()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
+    if (descriptor_->value(i)->name() != canonical_values_[i]->name()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a2c363b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.h
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class EnumGenerator {
+ public:
+  EnumGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor, bool immutable_api,
+                Context* context);
+  ~EnumGenerator();
+
+  void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  const EnumDescriptor* descriptor_;
+
+  // The proto language allows multiple enum constants to have the same
+  // numeric value.  Java, however, does not allow multiple enum constants to
+  // be considered equivalent.  We treat the first defined constant for any
+  // given numeric value as "canonical" and the rest as aliases of that
+  // canonical value.
+  std::vector<const EnumValueDescriptor*> canonical_values_;
+
+  struct Alias {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value;
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* canonical_value;
+  };
+  std::vector<Alias> aliases_;
+
+  bool immutable_api_;
+
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+  bool CanUseEnumValues();
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(EnumGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65dd35364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1036 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetEnumVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+                      int builderBitIndex, const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                      ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+                      std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+
+  (*variables)["type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor->enum_type());
+  (*variables)["mutable_type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetMutableClassName(descriptor->enum_type());
+  (*variables)["default"] = ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver);
+  (*variables)["default_number"] =
+      StrCat(descriptor->default_value_enum()->number());
+  (*variables)["tag"] = StrCat(
+      static_cast<int32>(internal::WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor)));
+  (*variables)["tag_size"] = StrCat(
+      internal::WireFormat::TagSize(descriptor->number(), GetType(descriptor)));
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] =
+      descriptor->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+  (*variables)["on_changed"] = "onChanged();";
+  // Use deprecated valueOf() method to be compatible with old generated code
+  // for v2.5.0/v2.6.1.
+  // TODO(xiaofeng): Use "forNumber" when we no longer support compatibility
+  // with v2.5.0/v2.6.1, and remove the @SuppressWarnings annotations.
+  (*variables)["for_number"] = "valueOf";
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+    // For singular messages and builders, one bit is used for the hasField bit.
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_builder"] = GenerateGetBit(builderBitIndex);
+
+    // Note that these have a trailing ";".
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_builder"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(builderBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_builder"] =
+        GenerateClearBit(builderBitIndex) + ";";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_builder"] = "";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_builder"] = "";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+        (*variables)["name"] + "_ != " + (*variables)["default"] +
+        ".getNumber()";
+  }
+
+  // For repated builders, one bit is used for whether the array is immutable.
+  (*variables)["get_mutable_bit_builder"] = GenerateGetBit(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_mutable_bit_builder"] = GenerateSetBit(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["clear_mutable_bit_builder"] = GenerateClearBit(builderBitIndex);
+
+  // For repeated fields, one bit is used for whether the array is immutable
+  // in the parsing constructor.
+  (*variables)["get_mutable_bit_parser"] =
+      GenerateGetBitMutableLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_mutable_bit_parser"] =
+      GenerateSetBitMutableLocal(builderBitIndex);
+
+  (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_from_local"] =
+      GenerateGetBitFromLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_to_local"] =
+      GenerateSetBitToLocal(messageBitIndex);
+
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor->file())) {
+    (*variables)["unknown"] = (*variables)["type"] + ".UNRECOGNIZED";
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["unknown"] = (*variables)["default"];
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetEnumVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                   context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor), name_resolver_,
+                   &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::~ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+int ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return GetNumBitsForMessage();
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$boolean has$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Value();\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private int $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $get_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $name$_;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  @SuppressWarnings(\"deprecation\")\n"
+                 "  $type$ result = $type$.$for_number$($name$_);\n"
+                 "  return result == null ? $unknown$ : result;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private int $name$_ = $default_number$;\n");
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $get_has_field_bit_builder$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $name$_;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                                          /* builder */ true);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                   "${$set$capitalized_name$Value$}$(int value) {\n"
+                   "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+                   "  $on_changed$\n"
+                   "  return this;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  @SuppressWarnings(\"deprecation\")\n"
+                 "  $type$ result = $type$.$for_number$($name$_);\n"
+                 "  return result == null ? $unknown$ : result;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$set$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  if (value == null) {\n"
+                 "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  $set_has_field_bit_builder$\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = value.getNumber();\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  $clear_has_field_bit_builder$\n"
+      "  $name$_ = $default_number$;\n"
+      "  $on_changed$\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for enums
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $default_number$;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderClearCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$name$_ = $default_number$;\n"
+                 "$clear_has_field_bit_builder$\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "if (other.has$capitalized_name$()) {\n"
+                   "  set$capitalized_name$(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  } else if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "if (other.$name$_ != $default_number$) {\n"
+        "  set$capitalized_name$Value(other.get$capitalized_name$Value());\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't reach here.";
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateBuildingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "if ($get_has_field_bit_from_local$) {\n"
+                   "  $set_has_field_bit_to_local$;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_, "result.$name$_ = $name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "int rawValue = input.readEnum();\n"
+                   "$set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+                   "$name$_ = rawValue;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "int rawValue = input.readEnum();\n"
+                   "  @SuppressWarnings(\"deprecation\")\n"
+                   "$type$ value = $type$.$for_number$(rawValue);\n"
+                   "if (value == null) {\n"
+                   "  unknownFields.mergeVarintField($number$, rawValue);\n"
+                   "} else {\n"
+                   "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+                   "  $name$_ = rawValue;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingDoneCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for enums
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+                 "  output.writeEnum($number$, $name$_);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+                 "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+                 "    .computeEnumSize($number$, $name$_);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateEqualsCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "if ($name$_ != other.$name$_) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+                 "hash = (53 * hash) + $name$_;\n");
+}
+
+std::string ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->enum_type());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator::ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context)
+    : ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                                  context) {
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* info =
+      context->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, info, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator::~ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$() {\n"
+        "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+        "    return (java.lang.Integer) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return $default_number$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "    @SuppressWarnings(\"deprecation\")\n"
+                 "    $type$ result = $type$.$for_number$(\n"
+                 "        (java.lang.Integer) $oneof_name$_);\n"
+                 "    return result == null ? $unknown$ : result;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  return $default$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$() {\n"
+        "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+        "    return ((java.lang.Integer) $oneof_name$_).intValue();\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return $default_number$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                                          /* builder */ true);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                   "${$set$capitalized_name$Value$}$(int value) {\n"
+                   "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                   "  $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+                   "  $on_changed$\n"
+                   "  return this;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "    @SuppressWarnings(\"deprecation\")\n"
+                 "    $type$ result = $type$.$for_number$(\n"
+                 "        (java.lang.Integer) $oneof_name$_);\n"
+                 "    return result == null ? $unknown$ : result;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  return $default$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$set$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  if (value == null) {\n"
+                 "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "  $oneof_name$_ = value.getNumber();\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "    $clear_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+      "    $on_changed$\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateBuildingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "  result.$oneof_name$_ = $oneof_name$_;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "set$capitalized_name$Value(other.get$capitalized_name$Value());\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "set$capitalized_name$(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "int rawValue = input.readEnum();\n"
+                   "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                   "$oneof_name$_ = rawValue;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "int rawValue = input.readEnum();\n"
+                   "@SuppressWarnings(\"deprecation\")\n"
+                   "$type$ value = $type$.$for_number$(rawValue);\n"
+                   "if (value == null) {\n"
+                   "  unknownFields.mergeVarintField($number$, rawValue);\n"
+                   "} else {\n"
+                   "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                   "  $oneof_name$_ = rawValue;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "  output.writeEnum($number$, ((java.lang.Integer) $oneof_name$_));\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+      "    .computeEnumSize($number$, ((java.lang.Integer) $oneof_name$_));\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateEqualsCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "if (get$capitalized_name$Value()\n"
+        "    != other.get$capitalized_name$Value()) return false;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "if (!get$capitalized_name$()\n"
+        "    .equals(other.get$capitalized_name$())) return false;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateHashCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+                   "hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$Value();\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+        "hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$().getNumber();\n");
+  }
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetEnumVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                   context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor), name_resolver_,
+                   &variables_);
+}
+
+RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::~RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator() {}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return 1;
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$java.util.List<$type$> get$capitalized_name$List();\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Count();\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index);\n");
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$java.util.List<java.lang.Integer>\n"
+                   "get$capitalized_name$ValueList();\n");
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Value(int index);\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> $name$_;\n"
+      "private static final "
+      "com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter.Converter<\n"
+      "    java.lang.Integer, $type$> $name$_converter_ =\n"
+      "        new com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter.Converter<\n"
+      "            java.lang.Integer, $type$>() {\n"
+      "          public $type$ convert(java.lang.Integer from) {\n"
+      "            @SuppressWarnings(\"deprecation\")\n"
+      "            $type$ result = $type$.$for_number$(from);\n"
+      "            return result == null ? $unknown$ : result;\n"
+      "          }\n"
+      "        };\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$> "
+      "${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+      "  return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter<\n"
+      "      java.lang.Integer, $type$>($name$_, $name$_converter_);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+      "  return $name$_converter_.convert($name$_.get(index));\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$ValueList$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return $name$_;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$public int "
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$(int index) {\n"
+                   "  return $name$_.get(index);\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "private int $name$MemoizedSerializedSize;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      // One field is the list and the other field keeps track of whether the
+      // list is immutable. If it's immutable, the invariant is that it must
+      // either an instance of Collections.emptyList() or it's an ArrayList
+      // wrapped in a Collections.unmodifiableList() wrapper and nobody else has
+      // a refererence to the underlying ArrayList. This invariant allows us to
+      // share instances of lists between protocol buffers avoiding expensive
+      // memory allocations. Note, immutable is a strong guarantee here -- not
+      // just that the list cannot be modified via the reference but that the
+      // list can never be modified.
+      "private java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> $name$_ =\n"
+      "  java.util.Collections.emptyList();\n"
+
+      "private void ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable() {\n"
+      "  if (!$get_mutable_bit_builder$) {\n"
+      "    $name$_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>($name$_);\n"
+      "    $set_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      // Note:  We return an unmodifiable list because otherwise the caller
+      //   could hold on to the returned list and modify it after the message
+      //   has been built, thus mutating the message which is supposed to be
+      //   immutable.
+      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$> "
+      "${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+      "  return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter<\n"
+      "      java.lang.Integer, $type$>($name$_, $name$_converter_);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+      "  return $name$_converter_.convert($name$_.get(index));\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  if (value == null) {\n"
+                 "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $name$_.set(index, value.getNumber());\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$add$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  if (value == null) {\n"
+                 "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $name$_.add(value.getNumber());\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_MULTI_ADDER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$addAll$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $type$> values) {\n"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  for ($type$ value : values) {\n"
+                 "    $name$_.add(value.getNumber());\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();\n"
+      "  $clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+      "  $on_changed$\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$ValueList$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList($name$_);\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$public int "
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$(int index) {\n"
+                   "  return $name$_.get(index);\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_INDEXED_GETTER,
+                                          /* builder */ true);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$Value$}$(\n"
+        "    int index, int value) {\n"
+        "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+        "  $name$_.set(index, value);\n"
+        "  $on_changed$\n"
+        "  return this;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER,
+                                          /* builder */ true);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                   "${$add$capitalized_name$Value$}$(int value) {\n"
+                   "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                   "  $name$_.add(value);\n"
+                   "  $on_changed$\n"
+                   "  return this;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_MULTI_ADDER, /* builder */ true);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public Builder ${$addAll$capitalized_name$Value$}$(\n"
+        "    java.lang.Iterable<java.lang.Integer> values) {\n"
+        "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+        "  for (int value : values) {\n"
+        "    $name$_.add(value);\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  $on_changed$\n"
+        "  return this;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::
+    GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for enums
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderClearCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$name$_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();\n"
+                 "$clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The code below does two optimizations:
+  //   1. If the other list is empty, there's nothing to do. This ensures we
+  //      don't allocate a new array if we already have an immutable one.
+  //   2. If the other list is non-empty and our current list is empty, we can
+  //      reuse the other list which is guaranteed to be immutable.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (!other.$name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+                 "  if ($name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+                 "    $name$_ = other.$name$_;\n"
+                 "    $clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+                 "  } else {\n"
+                 "    ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "    $name$_.addAll(other.$name$_);\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateBuildingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The code below ensures that the result has an immutable list. If our
+  // list is immutable, we can just reuse it. If not, we make it immutable.
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if ($get_mutable_bit_builder$) {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList($name$_);\n"
+      "  $clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "result.$name$_ = $name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Read and store the enum
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "int rawValue = input.readEnum();\n"
+                   "if (!$get_mutable_bit_parser$) {\n"
+                   "  $name$_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>();\n"
+                   "  $set_mutable_bit_parser$;\n"
+                   "}\n"
+                   "$name$_.add(rawValue);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "int rawValue = input.readEnum();\n"
+        "@SuppressWarnings(\"deprecation\")\n"
+        "$type$ value = $type$.$for_number$(rawValue);\n"
+        "if (value == null) {\n"
+        "  unknownFields.mergeVarintField($number$, rawValue);\n"
+        "} else {\n"
+        "  if (!$get_mutable_bit_parser$) {\n"
+        "    $name$_ = new java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Integer>();\n"
+        "    $set_mutable_bit_parser$;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  $name$_.add(rawValue);\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Wrap GenerateParsingCode's contents with a while loop.
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "int length = input.readRawVarint32();\n"
+                 "int oldLimit = input.pushLimit(length);\n"
+                 "while(input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  GenerateParsingCode(printer);
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "}\n"
+                 "input.popLimit(oldLimit);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingDoneCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if ($get_mutable_bit_parser$) {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList($name$_);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "if (get$capitalized_name$List().size() > 0) {\n"
+                   "  output.writeUInt32NoTag($tag$);\n"
+                   "  output.writeUInt32NoTag($name$MemoizedSerializedSize);\n"
+                   "}\n"
+                   "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+                   "  output.writeEnumNoTag($name$_.get(i));\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+                   "  output.writeEnum($number$, $name$_.get(i));\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "{\n"
+                 "  int dataSize = 0;\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+                 "  dataSize += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+                 "    .computeEnumSizeNoTag($name$_.get(i));\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Print("size += dataSize;\n");
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "if (!get$capitalized_name$List().isEmpty()) {"
+                   "  size += $tag_size$;\n"
+                   "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+                   "    .computeUInt32SizeNoTag(dataSize);\n"
+                   "}");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "size += $tag_size$ * $name$_.size();\n");
+  }
+
+  // cache the data size for packed fields.
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "$name$MemoizedSerializedSize = dataSize;\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateEqualsCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (!$name$_.equals(other.$name$_)) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateHashCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (get$capitalized_name$Count() > 0) {\n"
+                 "  hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+                 "  hash = (53 * hash) + $name$_.hashCode();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+std::string RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->enum_type());
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95c7db578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator : public ImmutableFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+                                       Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldGenerator
+  // ---------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator : public ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                   int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+                                   Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator : public ImmutableFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c137ca50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,785 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+bool EnableExperimentalRuntimeForLite() {
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_EXPERIMENT
+  return PROTOBUF_EXPERIMENT;
+#else   // PROTOBUF_EXPERIMENT
+  return false;
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_EXPERIMENT
+}
+
+void SetEnumVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+                      int builderBitIndex, const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                      ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+                      std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+
+  (*variables)["type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor->enum_type());
+  (*variables)["mutable_type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetMutableClassName(descriptor->enum_type());
+  (*variables)["default"] = ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver);
+  (*variables)["default_number"] =
+      StrCat(descriptor->default_value_enum()->number());
+  (*variables)["tag"] = StrCat(
+      static_cast<int32>(internal::WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor)));
+  (*variables)["tag_size"] = StrCat(
+      internal::WireFormat::TagSize(descriptor->number(), GetType(descriptor)));
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] =
+      descriptor->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+  (*variables)["required"] = descriptor->is_required() ? "true" : "false";
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+    // For singular messages and builders, one bit is used for the hasField bit.
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+
+    // Note that these have a trailing ";".
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateClearBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+        (*variables)["name"] + "_ != " + (*variables)["default"] +
+        ".getNumber()";
+  }
+
+  // For repeated builders, the underlying list tracks mutability state.
+  (*variables)["is_mutable"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.isModifiable()";
+
+  (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_from_local"] =
+      GenerateGetBitFromLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_to_local"] =
+      GenerateSetBitToLocal(messageBitIndex);
+
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor->file())) {
+    (*variables)["unknown"] = (*variables)["type"] + ".UNRECOGNIZED";
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["unknown"] = (*variables)["default"];
+  }
+
+  // We use `x.getClass()` as a null check because it generates less bytecode
+  // than an `if (x == null) { throw ... }` statement.
+  (*variables)["null_check"] = "value.getClass();\n";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      messageBitIndex_(messageBitIndex),
+      context_(context),
+      name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetEnumVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, 0,
+                   context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor), name_resolver_,
+                   &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::~ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$boolean has$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Value();\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private int $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $get_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $name$_;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  $type$ result = $type$.forNumber($name$_);\n"
+                 "  return result == null ? $unknown$ : result;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Generate private setters for the builder to proxy into.
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "private void set$capitalized_name$Value(int value) {\n"
+                   "  $set_has_field_bit_message$"
+                   "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = value.getNumber();\n"
+                 "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  $clear_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = $default_number$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$() {\n"
+        "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Value();\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                                 /* builder */ true);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                   "${$set$capitalized_name$Value$}$(int value) {\n"
+                   "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                   "  instance.set$capitalized_name$Value(value);\n"
+                   "  return this;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                                        /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$set$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (!IsDefaultValueJavaDefault(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $default_number$;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateFieldInfo(
+    io::Printer* printer, std::vector<uint16>* output) const {
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->number(), output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(descriptor_),
+                              output);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(messageBitIndex_, output);
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_, "\"$name$_\",\n");
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    PrintEnumVerifierLogic(printer, descriptor_, variables_,
+                           /*var_name=*/"$type$",
+                           /*terminating_string=*/",\n",
+                           /*enforce_lite=*/context_->EnforceLite());
+  }
+}
+
+std::string ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->enum_type());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, Context* context)
+    : ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator(descriptor, messageBitIndex, context) {
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* info =
+      context->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, info, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::~ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$() {\n"
+        "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+        "    return (java.lang.Integer) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return $default_number$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "    $type$ result = $type$.forNumber((java.lang.Integer) "
+                 "$oneof_name$_);\n"
+                 "    return result == null ? $unknown$ : result;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  return $default$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Generate private setters for the builder to proxy into.
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "private void set$capitalized_name$Value(int value) {\n"
+                   "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                   "  $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  $oneof_name$_ = value.getNumber();\n"
+                 "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "    $clear_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateFieldInfo(
+    io::Printer* printer, std::vector<uint16>* output) const {
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->number(), output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(descriptor_),
+                              output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->containing_oneof()->index(), output);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    PrintEnumVerifierLogic(printer, descriptor_, variables_,
+                           /*var_name=*/"$type$",
+                           /*terminating_string=*/",\n",
+                           /*enforce_lite=*/context_->EnforceLite());
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$() {\n"
+        "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Value();\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                                          /* builder */ true);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                   "${$set$capitalized_name$Value$}$(int value) {\n"
+                   "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                   "  instance.set$capitalized_name$Value(value);\n"
+                   "  return this;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$set$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+    RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                            int messageBitIndex,
+                                            Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      context_(context),
+      name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetEnumVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, 0,
+                   context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor), name_resolver_,
+                   &variables_);
+}
+
+RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+    ~RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$java.util.List<$type$> get$capitalized_name$List();\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Count();\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index);\n");
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$java.util.List<java.lang.Integer>\n"
+                   "get$capitalized_name$ValueList();\n");
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Value(int index);\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private com.google.protobuf.Internal.IntList $name$_;\n"
+      "private static final "
+      "com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter.Converter<\n"
+      "    java.lang.Integer, $type$> $name$_converter_ =\n"
+      "        new com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter.Converter<\n"
+      "            java.lang.Integer, $type$>() {\n"
+      "          @java.lang.Override\n"
+      "          public $type$ convert(java.lang.Integer from) {\n"
+      "            $type$ result = $type$.forNumber(from);\n"
+      "            return result == null ? $unknown$ : result;\n"
+      "          }\n"
+      "        };\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$> "
+      "${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+      "  return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter<\n"
+      "      java.lang.Integer, $type$>($name$_, $name$_converter_);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+      "  return $name$_converter_.convert($name$_.getInt(index));\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                   "$deprecation$public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$ValueList$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return $name$_;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                   "$deprecation$public int "
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$(int index) {\n"
+                   "  return $name$_.getInt(index);\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  if (!EnableExperimentalRuntimeForLite() && descriptor_->is_packed() &&
+      context_->HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "private int $name$MemoizedSerializedSize;\n");
+  }
+
+  // Generate private setters for the builder to proxy into.
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private void ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable() {\n"
+      "  if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+      "    $name$_ =\n"
+      "        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.mutableCopy($name$_);\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_SETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+                 "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  $null_check$"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $name$_.setInt(index, value.getNumber());\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void add$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  $null_check$"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $name$_.addInt(value.getNumber());\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_MULTI_ADDER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void addAll$capitalized_name$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $type$> values) {\n"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  for ($type$ value : values) {\n"
+                 "    $name$_.addInt(value.getNumber());\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = emptyIntList();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "private void set$capitalized_name$Value(\n"
+                   "    int index, int value) {\n"
+                   "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                   "  $name$_.setInt(index, value);\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "private void add$capitalized_name$Value(int value) {\n"
+                   "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                   "  $name$_.addInt(value);\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_MULTI_ADDER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "private void addAll$capitalized_name$Value(\n"
+                   "    java.lang.Iterable<java.lang.Integer> values) {\n"
+                   "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                   "  for (int value : values) {\n"
+                   "    $name$_.addInt(value);\n"
+                   "  }\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateFieldInfo(
+    io::Printer* printer, std::vector<uint16>* output) const {
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->number(), output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(descriptor_),
+                              output);
+  printer->Print(variables_, "\"$name$_\",\n");
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    PrintEnumVerifierLogic(printer, descriptor_, variables_,
+                           /*var_name=*/"$type$",
+                           /*terminating_string=*/",\n",
+                           /*enforce_lite=*/context_->EnforceLite());
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$> "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$List();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Count();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+      "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$(index);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(index, value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$add$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_MULTI_ADDER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$addAll$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $type$> values) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.addAll$capitalized_name$(values);"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                   "$deprecation$public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$ValueList$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(\n"
+                   "      instance.get$capitalized_name$ValueList());\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                   "$deprecation$public int "
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$(int index) {\n"
+                   "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Value(index);\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_INDEXED_SETTER,
+                                          /* builder */ true);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$Value$}$(\n"
+        "    int index, int value) {\n"
+        "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+        "  instance.set$capitalized_name$Value(index, value);\n"
+        "  return this;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER,
+                                          /* builder */ true);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                   "${$add$capitalized_name$Value$}$(int value) {\n"
+                   "  instance.add$capitalized_name$Value(value);\n"
+                   "  return this;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldEnumValueAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_MULTI_ADDER,
+                                          /* builder */ true);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public Builder ${$addAll$capitalized_name$Value$}$(\n"
+        "    java.lang.Iterable<java.lang.Integer> values) {\n"
+        "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+        "  instance.addAll$capitalized_name$Value(values);\n"
+        "  return this;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = emptyIntList();\n");
+}
+
+std::string RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->enum_type());
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b5e980772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_FIELD_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_FIELD_LITE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                           int messageBitIndex,
+                                           Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator
+  // ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldInfo(io::Printer* printer,
+                         std::vector<uint16>* output) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  const int messageBitIndex_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       int messageBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldInfo(io::Printer* printer,
+                         std::vector<uint16>* output) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldInfo(io::Printer* printer,
+                         std::vector<uint16>* output) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_FIELD_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69bd26c3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+EnumLiteGenerator::EnumLiteGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                     bool immutable_api, Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      immutable_api_(immutable_api),
+      context_(context),
+      name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value = descriptor_->value(i);
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* canonical_value =
+        descriptor_->FindValueByNumber(value->number());
+
+    if (value == canonical_value) {
+      canonical_values_.push_back(value);
+    } else {
+      Alias alias;
+      alias.value = value;
+      alias.canonical_value = canonical_value;
+      aliases_.push_back(alias);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+EnumLiteGenerator::~EnumLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void EnumLiteGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WriteEnumDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  MaybePrintGeneratedAnnotation(context_, printer, descriptor_, immutable_api_);
+  printer->Print(
+      "public enum $classname$\n"
+      "    implements com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLite {\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Annotate("classname", descriptor_);
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < canonical_values_.size(); i++) {
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    vars["name"] = canonical_values_[i]->name();
+    vars["number"] = StrCat(canonical_values_[i]->number());
+    WriteEnumValueDocComment(printer, canonical_values_[i]);
+    if (canonical_values_[i]->options().deprecated()) {
+      printer->Print("@java.lang.Deprecated\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print(vars, "$name$($number$),\n");
+    printer->Annotate("name", canonical_values_[i]);
+  }
+
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print("${$UNRECOGNIZED$}$(-1),\n", "{", "", "}", "");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      ";\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < aliases_.size(); i++) {
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    vars["classname"] = descriptor_->name();
+    vars["name"] = aliases_[i].value->name();
+    vars["canonical_name"] = aliases_[i].canonical_value->name();
+    WriteEnumValueDocComment(printer, aliases_[i].value);
+    printer->Print(
+        vars, "public static final $classname$ $name$ = $canonical_name$;\n");
+    printer->Annotate("name", aliases_[i].value);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    vars["name"] = descriptor_->value(i)->name();
+    vars["number"] = StrCat(descriptor_->value(i)->number());
+    vars["{"] = "";
+    vars["}"] = "";
+    WriteEnumValueDocComment(printer, descriptor_->value(i));
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "public static final int ${$$name$_VALUE$}$ = $number$;\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_->value(i));
+  }
+  printer->Print("\n");
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public final int getNumber() {\n");
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "  if (this == UNRECOGNIZED) {\n"
+        "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(\n"
+        "        \"Can't get the number of an unknown enum value.\");\n"
+        "  }\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+      "  return value;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "/**\n"
+      " * @param value The number of the enum to look for.\n"
+      " * @return The enum associated with the given number.\n"
+      " * @deprecated Use {@link #forNumber(int)} instead.\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+      "public static $classname$ valueOf(int value) {\n"
+      "  return forNumber(value);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "public static $classname$ forNumber(int value) {\n"
+      "  switch (value) {\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < canonical_values_.size(); i++) {
+    printer->Print("case $number$: return $name$;\n", "name",
+                   canonical_values_[i]->name(), "number",
+                   StrCat(canonical_values_[i]->number()));
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "    default: return null;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "public static com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<$classname$>\n"
+      "    internalGetValueMap() {\n"
+      "  return internalValueMap;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "private static final com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<\n"
+      "    $classname$> internalValueMap =\n"
+      "      new com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<$classname$>() {\n"
+      "        @java.lang.Override\n"
+      "        public $classname$ findValueByNumber(int number) {\n"
+      "          return $classname$.forNumber(number);\n"
+      "        }\n"
+      "      };\n"
+      "\n"
+      "public static com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumVerifier \n"
+      "    internalGetVerifier() {\n"
+      "  return $classname$Verifier.INSTANCE;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "private static final class $classname$Verifier implements \n"
+      "     com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumVerifier { \n"
+      "        static final com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumVerifier "
+      "          INSTANCE = new $classname$Verifier();\n"
+      "        @java.lang.Override\n"
+      "        public boolean isInRange(int number) {\n"
+      "          return $classname$.forNumber(number) != null;\n"
+      "        }\n"
+      "      };\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "private final int value;\n\n"
+      "private $classname$(int value) {\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Print(
+      "  this.value = value;\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(enum_scope:$full_name$)\n",
+      "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50f3fe7b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_LITE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class EnumLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  EnumLiteGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor, bool immutable_api,
+                    Context* context);
+  ~EnumLiteGenerator();
+
+  void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  const EnumDescriptor* descriptor_;
+
+  // The proto language allows multiple enum constants to have the same
+  // numeric value.  Java, however, does not allow multiple enum constants to
+  // be considered equivalent.  We treat the first defined constant for any
+  // given numeric value as "canonical" and the rest as aliases of that
+  // canonical value.
+  std::vector<const EnumValueDescriptor*> canonical_values_;
+
+  struct Alias {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value;
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* canonical_value;
+  };
+  std::vector<Alias> aliases_;
+
+  bool immutable_api_;
+
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(EnumLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db210fb3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+ImmutableExtensionGenerator::ImmutableExtensionGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  if (descriptor_->extension_scope() != NULL) {
+    scope_ =
+        name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->extension_scope());
+  } else {
+    scope_ = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file());
+  }
+}
+
+ImmutableExtensionGenerator::~ImmutableExtensionGenerator() {}
+
+// Initializes the vars referenced in the generated code templates.
+void ExtensionGenerator::InitTemplateVars(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const std::string& scope, bool immutable,
+    ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+    std::map<std::string, std::string>* vars_pointer) {
+  std::map<std::string, std::string>& vars = *vars_pointer;
+  vars["scope"] = scope;
+  vars["name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCaseCheckReserved(descriptor);
+  vars["containing_type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetClassName(descriptor->containing_type(), immutable);
+  vars["number"] = StrCat(descriptor->number());
+  vars["constant_name"] = FieldConstantName(descriptor);
+  vars["index"] = StrCat(descriptor->index());
+  vars["default"] = descriptor->is_repeated()
+                        ? ""
+                        : DefaultValue(descriptor, immutable, name_resolver);
+  vars["type_constant"] = FieldTypeName(GetType(descriptor));
+  vars["packed"] = descriptor->is_packed() ? "true" : "false";
+  vars["enum_map"] = "null";
+  vars["prototype"] = "null";
+
+  JavaType java_type = GetJavaType(descriptor);
+  std::string singular_type;
+  switch (java_type) {
+    case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+      singular_type =
+          name_resolver->GetClassName(descriptor->message_type(), immutable);
+      vars["prototype"] = singular_type + ".getDefaultInstance()";
+      break;
+    case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+      singular_type =
+          name_resolver->GetClassName(descriptor->enum_type(), immutable);
+      vars["enum_map"] = singular_type + ".internalGetValueMap()";
+      break;
+    case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+      singular_type = "java.lang.String";
+      break;
+    case JAVATYPE_BYTES:
+      singular_type = immutable ? "com.google.protobuf.ByteString" : "byte[]";
+      break;
+    default:
+      singular_type = BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(java_type);
+      break;
+  }
+  vars["type"] = descriptor->is_repeated()
+                     ? "java.util.List<" + singular_type + ">"
+                     : singular_type;
+  vars["singular_type"] = singular_type;
+}
+
+void ImmutableExtensionGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+  const bool kUseImmutableNames = true;
+  InitTemplateVars(descriptor_, scope_, kUseImmutableNames, name_resolver_,
+                   &vars);
+  printer->Print(vars, "public static final int $constant_name$ = $number$;\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  if (descriptor_->extension_scope() == NULL) {
+    // Non-nested
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "public static final\n"
+        "  com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.GeneratedExtension<\n"
+        "    $containing_type$,\n"
+        "    $type$> $name$ = com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage\n"
+        "        .newFileScopedGeneratedExtension(\n"
+        "      $singular_type$.class,\n"
+        "      $prototype$);\n");
+  } else {
+    // Nested
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "public static final\n"
+        "  com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.GeneratedExtension<\n"
+        "    $containing_type$,\n"
+        "    $type$> $name$ = com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage\n"
+        "        .newMessageScopedGeneratedExtension(\n"
+        "      $scope$.getDefaultInstance(),\n"
+        "      $index$,\n"
+        "      $singular_type$.class,\n"
+        "      $prototype$);\n");
+  }
+  printer->Annotate("name", descriptor_);
+}
+
+int ImmutableExtensionGenerator::GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  int bytecode_estimate = 0;
+  if (descriptor_->extension_scope() == NULL) {
+    // Only applies to non-nested extensions.
+    printer->Print(
+        "$name$.internalInit(descriptor.getExtensions().get($index$));\n",
+        "name", UnderscoresToCamelCaseCheckReserved(descriptor_), "index",
+        StrCat(descriptor_->index()));
+    bytecode_estimate += 21;
+  }
+  return bytecode_estimate;
+}
+
+int ImmutableExtensionGenerator::GenerateRegistrationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print("registry.add($scope$.$name$);\n", "scope", scope_, "name",
+                 UnderscoresToCamelCaseCheckReserved(descriptor_));
+  return 7;
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab8789077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_EXTENSION_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_EXTENSION_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class FieldDescriptor;  // descriptor.h
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+// Generates code for an extension, which may be within the scope of some
+// message or may be at file scope.  This is much simpler than FieldGenerator
+// since extensions are just simple identifiers with interesting types.
+class ExtensionGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ExtensionGenerator() {}
+  virtual ~ExtensionGenerator() {}
+
+  virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+
+  // Returns an estimate of the number of bytes the printed code will compile
+  // to
+  virtual int GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+
+  // Returns an estimate of the number of bytes the printed code will compile
+  // to
+  virtual int GenerateRegistrationCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  static void InitTemplateVars(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const std::string& scope,
+      bool immutable, ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+      std::map<std::string, std::string>* vars_pointer);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ExtensionGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutableExtensionGenerator : public ExtensionGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableExtensionGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       Context* context);
+  virtual ~ImmutableExtensionGenerator();
+
+  virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual int GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual int GenerateRegistrationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+  std::string scope_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableExtensionGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_EXTENSION_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71bf4e23f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension_lite.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+ImmutableExtensionLiteGenerator::ImmutableExtensionLiteGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  if (descriptor_->extension_scope() != NULL) {
+    scope_ =
+        name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->extension_scope());
+  } else {
+    scope_ = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file());
+  }
+}
+
+ImmutableExtensionLiteGenerator::~ImmutableExtensionLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableExtensionLiteGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+  const bool kUseImmutableNames = true;
+  InitTemplateVars(descriptor_, scope_, kUseImmutableNames, name_resolver_,
+                   &vars);
+  printer->Print(vars, "public static final int $constant_name$ = $number$;\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  if (descriptor_->is_repeated()) {
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "public static final\n"
+        "  com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<\n"
+        "    $containing_type$,\n"
+        "    $type$> $name$ = com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite\n"
+        "        .newRepeatedGeneratedExtension(\n"
+        "      $containing_type$.getDefaultInstance(),\n"
+        "      $prototype$,\n"
+        "      $enum_map$,\n"
+        "      $number$,\n"
+        "      com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FieldType.$type_constant$,\n"
+        "      $packed$,\n"
+        "      $singular_type$.class);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "public static final\n"
+        "  com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.GeneratedExtension<\n"
+        "    $containing_type$,\n"
+        "    $type$> $name$ = com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite\n"
+        "        .newSingularGeneratedExtension(\n"
+        "      $containing_type$.getDefaultInstance(),\n"
+        "      $default$,\n"
+        "      $prototype$,\n"
+        "      $enum_map$,\n"
+        "      $number$,\n"
+        "      com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FieldType.$type_constant$,\n"
+        "      $singular_type$.class);\n");
+  }
+  printer->Annotate("name", descriptor_);
+}
+
+int ImmutableExtensionLiteGenerator::GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ImmutableExtensionLiteGenerator::GenerateRegistrationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print("registry.add($scope$.$name$);\n", "scope", scope_, "name",
+                 UnderscoresToCamelCaseCheckReserved(descriptor_));
+  return 7;
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..410781dd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_EXTENSION_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_EXTENSION_LITE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+// Generates code for a lite extension, which may be within the scope of some
+// message or may be at file scope.  This is much simpler than FieldGenerator
+// since extensions are just simple identifiers with interesting types.
+class ImmutableExtensionLiteGenerator : public ExtensionGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableExtensionLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                           Context* context);
+  virtual ~ImmutableExtensionLiteGenerator();
+
+  virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Returns an estimate of the number of bytes the printed code will compile to
+  virtual int GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Returns an estimate of the number of bytes the printed code will compile to
+  virtual int GenerateRegistrationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+  std::string scope_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableExtensionLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_EXTENSION_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96ed23401
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+
+ImmutableFieldGenerator* MakeImmutableGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                                int messageBitIndex,
+                                                int builderBitIndex,
+                                                Context* context) {
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    switch (GetJavaType(field)) {
+      case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
+          return new ImmutableMapFieldGenerator(field, messageBitIndex,
+                                                builderBitIndex, context);
+        } else {
+          return new RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+        }
+      case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+        return new RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator(
+            field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+      case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+        return new RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator(
+            field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+      default:
+        return new RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator(
+            field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      switch (GetJavaType(field)) {
+        case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+          return new ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+        case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+          return new ImmutableEnumOneofFieldGenerator(field, messageBitIndex,
+                                                      builderBitIndex, context);
+        case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+          return new ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+        default:
+          return new ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (GetJavaType(field)) {
+        case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+          return new ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator(field, messageBitIndex,
+                                                    builderBitIndex, context);
+        case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+          return new ImmutableEnumFieldGenerator(field, messageBitIndex,
+                                                 builderBitIndex, context);
+        case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+          return new ImmutableStringFieldGenerator(field, messageBitIndex,
+                                                   builderBitIndex, context);
+        default:
+          return new ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator(field, messageBitIndex,
+                                                      builderBitIndex, context);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator* MakeImmutableLiteGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, int messageBitIndex, Context* context) {
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    switch (GetJavaType(field)) {
+      case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
+          return new ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator(field, messageBitIndex,
+                                                    context);
+        } else {
+          return new RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, context);
+        }
+      case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+        return new RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator(
+            field, messageBitIndex, context);
+      case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+        return new RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator(
+            field, messageBitIndex, context);
+      default:
+        return new RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator(
+            field, messageBitIndex, context);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      switch (GetJavaType(field)) {
+        case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+          return new ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, context);
+        case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+          return new ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, context);
+        case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+          return new ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, context);
+        default:
+          return new ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, context);
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (GetJavaType(field)) {
+        case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+          return new ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(field, messageBitIndex,
+                                                        context);
+        case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+          return new ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator(field, messageBitIndex,
+                                                     context);
+        case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+          return new ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator(field, messageBitIndex,
+                                                       context);
+        default:
+          return new ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, context);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static inline void ReportUnexpectedPackedFieldsCall(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Reaching here indicates a bug. Cases are:
+  //   - This FieldGenerator should support packing,
+  //     but this method should be overridden.
+  //   - This FieldGenerator doesn't support packing, and this method
+  //     should never have been called.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked() "
+             << "called on field generator that does not support packing.";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ImmutableFieldGenerator::~ImmutableFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  ReportUnexpectedPackedFieldsCall(printer);
+}
+
+ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator::~ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+template <>
+FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldGenerator>::FieldGeneratorMap(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), field_generators_(descriptor->field_count()) {
+  // Construct all the FieldGenerators and assign them bit indices for their
+  // bit fields.
+  int messageBitIndex = 0;
+  int builderBitIndex = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    ImmutableFieldGenerator* generator = MakeImmutableGenerator(
+        descriptor->field(i), messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+    field_generators_[i].reset(generator);
+    messageBitIndex += generator->GetNumBitsForMessage();
+    builderBitIndex += generator->GetNumBitsForBuilder();
+  }
+}
+
+template <>
+FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldGenerator>::~FieldGeneratorMap() {}
+
+template <>
+FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator>::FieldGeneratorMap(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), field_generators_(descriptor->field_count()) {
+  // Construct all the FieldGenerators and assign them bit indices for their
+  // bit fields.
+  int messageBitIndex = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator* generator = MakeImmutableLiteGenerator(
+        descriptor->field(i), messageBitIndex, context);
+    field_generators_[i].reset(generator);
+    messageBitIndex += generator->GetNumBitsForMessage();
+  }
+}
+
+template <>
+FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator>::~FieldGeneratorMap() {}
+
+
+void SetCommonFieldVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                             std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  (*variables)["field_name"] = descriptor->name();
+  (*variables)["name"] = info->name;
+  (*variables)["classname"] = descriptor->containing_type()->name();
+  (*variables)["capitalized_name"] = info->capitalized_name;
+  (*variables)["disambiguated_reason"] = info->disambiguated_reason;
+  (*variables)["constant_name"] = FieldConstantName(descriptor);
+  (*variables)["number"] = StrCat(descriptor->number());
+  // These variables are placeholders to pick out the beginning and ends of
+  // identifiers for annotations (when doing so with existing variables would
+  // be ambiguous or impossible). They should never be set to anything but the
+  // empty string.
+  (*variables)["{"] = "";
+  (*variables)["}"] = "";
+}
+
+void SetCommonOneofVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             const OneofGeneratorInfo* info,
+                             std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  (*variables)["oneof_name"] = info->name;
+  (*variables)["oneof_capitalized_name"] = info->capitalized_name;
+  (*variables)["oneof_index"] =
+      StrCat(descriptor->containing_oneof()->index());
+  (*variables)["oneof_stored_type"] = GetOneofStoredType(descriptor);
+  (*variables)["set_oneof_case_message"] =
+      info->name + "Case_ = " + StrCat(descriptor->number());
+  (*variables)["clear_oneof_case_message"] = info->name + "Case_ = 0";
+  (*variables)["has_oneof_case_message"] =
+      info->name + "Case_ == " + StrCat(descriptor->number());
+}
+
+void PrintExtraFieldInfo(const std::map<std::string, std::string>& variables,
+                         io::Printer* printer) {
+  const std::map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator it =
+      variables.find("disambiguated_reason");
+  if (it != variables.end() && !it->second.empty()) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables,
+        "// An alternative name is used for field \"$field_name$\" because:\n"
+        "//     $disambiguated_reason$\n");
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d04dc845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableFieldGenerator() {}
+  virtual ~ImmutableFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual int GetNumBitsForMessage() const = 0;
+  virtual int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(
+      io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  virtual void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  virtual std::string GetBoxedType() const = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+  virtual ~ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  virtual int GetNumBitsForMessage() const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateFieldInfo(io::Printer* printer,
+                                 std::vector<uint16>* output) const = 0;
+
+  virtual std::string GetBoxedType() const = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+
+// Convenience class which constructs FieldGenerators for a Descriptor.
+template <typename FieldGeneratorType>
+class FieldGeneratorMap {
+ public:
+  explicit FieldGeneratorMap(const Descriptor* descriptor, Context* context);
+  ~FieldGeneratorMap();
+
+  const FieldGeneratorType& get(const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+ private:
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FieldGeneratorType>> field_generators_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FieldGeneratorMap);
+};
+
+template <typename FieldGeneratorType>
+inline const FieldGeneratorType& FieldGeneratorMap<FieldGeneratorType>::get(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(field->containing_type(), descriptor_);
+  return *field_generators_[field->index()];
+}
+
+// Instantiate template for mutable and immutable maps.
+template <>
+FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldGenerator>::FieldGeneratorMap(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, Context* context);
+
+template <>
+FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldGenerator>::~FieldGeneratorMap();
+
+
+template <>
+FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator>::FieldGeneratorMap(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, Context* context);
+
+template <>
+FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator>::~FieldGeneratorMap();
+
+
+// Field information used in FieldGeneartors.
+struct FieldGeneratorInfo {
+  std::string name;
+  std::string capitalized_name;
+  std::string disambiguated_reason;
+};
+
+// Oneof information used in OneofFieldGenerators.
+struct OneofGeneratorInfo {
+  std::string name;
+  std::string capitalized_name;
+};
+
+// Set some common variables used in variable FieldGenerators.
+void SetCommonFieldVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                             std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables);
+
+// Set some common oneof variables used in OneofFieldGenerators.
+void SetCommonOneofVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             const OneofGeneratorInfo* info,
+                             std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables);
+
+// Print useful comments before a field's accessors.
+void PrintExtraFieldInfo(const std::map<std::string, std::string>& variables,
+                         io::Printer* printer);
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a96a365d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,684 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+
+struct FieldDescriptorCompare {
+  bool operator()(const FieldDescriptor* f1, const FieldDescriptor* f2) const {
+    if (f1 == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (f2 == NULL) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return f1->full_name() < f2->full_name();
+  }
+};
+
+typedef std::set<const FieldDescriptor*, FieldDescriptorCompare>
+    FieldDescriptorSet;
+
+// Recursively searches the given message to collect extensions.
+// Returns true if all the extensions can be recognized. The extensions will be
+// appended in to the extensions parameter.
+// Returns false when there are unknown fields, in which case the data in the
+// extensions output parameter is not reliable and should be discarded.
+bool CollectExtensions(const Message& message, FieldDescriptorSet* extensions) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  // There are unknown fields that could be extensions, thus this call fails.
+  if (reflection->GetUnknownFields(message).field_count() > 0) return false;
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  reflection->ListFields(message, &fields);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+    if (fields[i]->is_extension()) extensions->insert(fields[i]);
+
+    if (GetJavaType(fields[i]) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      if (fields[i]->is_repeated()) {
+        int size = reflection->FieldSize(message, fields[i]);
+        for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+          const Message& sub_message =
+              reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, fields[i], j);
+          if (!CollectExtensions(sub_message, extensions)) return false;
+        }
+      } else {
+        const Message& sub_message = reflection->GetMessage(message, fields[i]);
+        if (!CollectExtensions(sub_message, extensions)) return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Finds all extensions in the given message and its sub-messages.  If the
+// message contains unknown fields (which could be extensions), then those
+// extensions are defined in alternate_pool.
+// The message will be converted to a DynamicMessage backed by alternate_pool
+// in order to handle this case.
+void CollectExtensions(const FileDescriptorProto& file_proto,
+                       const DescriptorPool& alternate_pool,
+                       FieldDescriptorSet* extensions,
+                       const std::string& file_data) {
+  if (!CollectExtensions(file_proto, extensions)) {
+    // There are unknown fields in the file_proto, which are probably
+    // extensions. We need to parse the data into a dynamic message based on the
+    // builder-pool to find out all extensions.
+    const Descriptor* file_proto_desc = alternate_pool.FindMessageTypeByName(
+        file_proto.GetDescriptor()->full_name());
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(file_proto_desc)
+        << "Find unknown fields in FileDescriptorProto when building "
+        << file_proto.name()
+        << ". It's likely that those fields are custom options, however, "
+           "descriptor.proto is not in the transitive dependencies. "
+           "This normally should not happen. Please report a bug.";
+    DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+    std::unique_ptr<Message> dynamic_file_proto(
+        factory.GetPrototype(file_proto_desc)->New());
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(dynamic_file_proto.get() != NULL);
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(dynamic_file_proto->ParseFromString(file_data));
+
+    // Collect the extensions again from the dynamic message. There should be no
+    // more unknown fields this time, i.e. all the custom options should be
+    // parsed as extensions now.
+    extensions->clear();
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(CollectExtensions(*dynamic_file_proto, extensions))
+        << "Find unknown fields in FileDescriptorProto when building "
+        << file_proto.name()
+        << ". It's likely that those fields are custom options, however, "
+           "those options cannot be recognized in the builder pool. "
+           "This normally should not happen. Please report a bug.";
+  }
+}
+
+// Our static initialization methods can become very, very large.
+// So large that if we aren't careful we end up blowing the JVM's
+// 64K bytes of bytecode/method. Fortunately, since these static
+// methods are executed only once near the beginning of a program,
+// there's usually plenty of stack space available and we can
+// extend our methods by simply chaining them to another method
+// with a tail call. This inserts the sequence call-next-method,
+// end this one, begin-next-method as needed.
+void MaybeRestartJavaMethod(io::Printer* printer, int* bytecode_estimate,
+                            int* method_num, const char* chain_statement,
+                            const char* method_decl) {
+  // The goal here is to stay under 64K bytes of jvm bytecode/method,
+  // since otherwise we hit a hardcoded limit in the jvm and javac will
+  // then fail with the error "code too large". This limit lets our
+  // estimates be off by a factor of two and still we're okay.
+  static const int bytesPerMethod = kMaxStaticSize;
+
+  if ((*bytecode_estimate) > bytesPerMethod) {
+    ++(*method_num);
+    printer->Print(chain_statement, "method_num", StrCat(*method_num));
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+    printer->Print(method_decl, "method_num", StrCat(*method_num));
+    printer->Indent();
+    *bytecode_estimate = 0;
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+FileGenerator::FileGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options,
+                             bool immutable_api)
+    : file_(file),
+      java_package_(FileJavaPackage(file, immutable_api)),
+      message_generators_(file->message_type_count()),
+      extension_generators_(file->extension_count()),
+      context_(new Context(file, options)),
+      name_resolver_(context_->GetNameResolver()),
+      options_(options),
+      immutable_api_(immutable_api) {
+  classname_ = name_resolver_->GetFileClassName(file, immutable_api);
+  generator_factory_.reset(new ImmutableGeneratorFactory(context_.get()));
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    message_generators_[i].reset(
+        generator_factory_->NewMessageGenerator(file_->message_type(i)));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); ++i) {
+    extension_generators_[i].reset(
+        generator_factory_->NewExtensionGenerator(file_->extension(i)));
+  }
+}
+
+FileGenerator::~FileGenerator() {}
+
+bool FileGenerator::Validate(std::string* error) {
+  // Check that no class name matches the file's class name.  This is a common
+  // problem that leads to Java compile errors that can be hard to understand.
+  // It's especially bad when using the java_multiple_files, since we would
+  // end up overwriting the outer class with one of the inner ones.
+  if (name_resolver_->HasConflictingClassName(file_, classname_,
+                                              NameEquality::EXACT_EQUAL)) {
+    error->assign(file_->name());
+    error->append(
+        ": Cannot generate Java output because the file's outer class name, "
+        "\"");
+    error->append(classname_);
+    error->append(
+        "\", matches the name of one of the types declared inside it.  "
+        "Please either rename the type or use the java_outer_classname "
+        "option to specify a different outer class name for the .proto file.");
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Similar to the check above, but ignore the case this time. This is not a
+  // problem on Linux, but will lead to Java compile errors on Windows / Mac
+  // because filenames are case-insensitive on those platforms.
+  if (name_resolver_->HasConflictingClassName(
+          file_, classname_, NameEquality::EQUAL_IGNORE_CASE)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING)
+        << file_->name() << ": The file's outer class name, \"" << classname_
+        << "\", matches the name of one of the types declared inside it when "
+        << "case is ignored. This can cause compilation issues on Windows / "
+        << "MacOS. Please either rename the type or use the "
+        << "java_outer_classname option to specify a different outer class "
+        << "name for the .proto file to be safe.";
+  }
+
+  // Print a warning if optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME is used.
+  if (file_->options().optimize_for() == FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME &&
+      !options_.enforce_lite) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING)
+        << "The optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME option is no longer supported by "
+        << "protobuf Java code generator and is ignored--protoc will always "
+        << "generate full runtime code for Java. To use Java Lite runtime, "
+        << "users should use the Java Lite plugin instead. See:\n"
+        << "  "
+           "https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/java/"
+           "lite.md";
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // We don't import anything because we refer to all classes by their
+  // fully-qualified names in the generated source.
+  printer->Print(
+      "// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+      "// source: $filename$\n"
+      "\n",
+      "filename", file_->name());
+  if (!java_package_.empty()) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "package $package$;\n"
+        "\n",
+        "package", java_package_);
+  }
+  PrintGeneratedAnnotation(
+      printer, '$', options_.annotate_code ? classname_ + ".java.pb.meta" : "");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "$deprecation$public final class $classname$ {\n"
+      "  private $ctor$() {}\n",
+      "deprecation",
+      file_->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "",
+      "classname", classname_, "ctor", classname_);
+  printer->Annotate("classname", file_->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static void registerAllExtensions(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {\n");
+
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension_generators_[i]->GenerateRegistrationCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    message_generators_[i]->GenerateExtensionRegistrationCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, context_->EnforceLite())) {
+    // Overload registerAllExtensions for the non-lite usage to
+    // redundantly maintain the original signature (this is
+    // redundant because ExtensionRegistryLite now invokes
+    // ExtensionRegistry in the non-lite usage). Intent is
+    // to remove this in the future.
+    printer->Print(
+        "\n"
+        "public static void registerAllExtensions(\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {\n"
+        "  registerAllExtensions(\n"
+        "      (com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite) registry);\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  if (!MultipleJavaFiles(file_, immutable_api_)) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+      if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, context_->EnforceLite())) {
+        EnumGenerator(file_->enum_type(i), immutable_api_, context_.get())
+            .Generate(printer);
+      } else {
+        EnumLiteGenerator(file_->enum_type(i), immutable_api_, context_.get())
+            .Generate(printer);
+      }
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+      message_generators_[i]->GenerateInterface(printer);
+      message_generators_[i]->Generate(printer);
+    }
+    if (HasGenericServices(file_, context_->EnforceLite())) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < file_->service_count(); i++) {
+        std::unique_ptr<ServiceGenerator> generator(
+            generator_factory_->NewServiceGenerator(file_->service(i)));
+        generator->Generate(printer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Extensions must be generated in the outer class since they are values,
+  // not classes.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension_generators_[i]->Generate(printer);
+  }
+
+  // Static variables. We'd like them to be final if possible, but due to
+  // the JVM's 64k size limit on static blocks, we have to initialize some
+  // of them in methods; thus they cannot be final.
+  int static_block_bytecode_estimate = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    message_generators_[i]->GenerateStaticVariables(
+        printer, &static_block_bytecode_estimate);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("\n");
+
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, context_->EnforceLite())) {
+    if (immutable_api_) {
+      GenerateDescriptorInitializationCodeForImmutable(printer);
+    } else {
+      GenerateDescriptorInitializationCodeForMutable(printer);
+    }
+  } else {
+    printer->Print("static {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    int bytecode_estimate = 0;
+    int method_num = 0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+      bytecode_estimate +=
+          message_generators_[i]->GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(printer);
+      MaybeRestartJavaMethod(
+          printer, &bytecode_estimate, &method_num,
+          "_clinit_autosplit_$method_num$();\n",
+          "private static void _clinit_autosplit_$method_num$() {\n");
+    }
+
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)\n");
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateDescriptorInitializationCodeForImmutable(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor\n"
+      "    getDescriptor() {\n"
+      "  return descriptor;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "private static $final$ com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor\n"
+      "    descriptor;\n"
+      "static {\n",
+      // TODO(dweis): Mark this as final.
+      "final", "");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  SharedCodeGenerator shared_code_generator(file_, options_);
+  shared_code_generator.GenerateDescriptors(printer);
+
+  int bytecode_estimate = 0;
+  int method_num = 0;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    bytecode_estimate +=
+        message_generators_[i]->GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(printer);
+    MaybeRestartJavaMethod(
+        printer, &bytecode_estimate, &method_num,
+        "_clinit_autosplit_dinit_$method_num$();\n",
+        "private static void _clinit_autosplit_dinit_$method_num$() {\n");
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    bytecode_estimate +=
+        extension_generators_[i]->GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(printer);
+    MaybeRestartJavaMethod(
+        printer, &bytecode_estimate, &method_num,
+        "_clinit_autosplit_dinit_$method_num$();\n",
+        "private static void _clinit_autosplit_dinit_$method_num$() {\n");
+  }
+
+  // Proto compiler builds a DescriptorPool, which holds all the descriptors to
+  // generate, when processing the ".proto" files. We call this DescriptorPool
+  // the parsed pool (a.k.a. file_->pool()).
+  //
+  // Note that when users try to extend the (.*)DescriptorProto in their
+  // ".proto" files, it does not affect the pre-built FileDescriptorProto class
+  // in proto compiler. When we put the descriptor data in the file_proto, those
+  // extensions become unknown fields.
+  //
+  // Now we need to find out all the extension value to the (.*)DescriptorProto
+  // in the file_proto message, and prepare an ExtensionRegistry to return.
+  //
+  // To find those extensions, we need to parse the data into a dynamic message
+  // of the FileDescriptor based on the builder-pool, then we can use
+  // reflections to find all extension fields
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  file_->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+  std::string file_data;
+  file_proto.SerializeToString(&file_data);
+  FieldDescriptorSet extensions;
+  CollectExtensions(file_proto, *file_->pool(), &extensions, file_data);
+
+  if (extensions.size() > 0) {
+    // Must construct an ExtensionRegistry containing all existing extensions
+    // and use it to parse the descriptor data again to recognize extensions.
+    printer->Print(
+        "com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry =\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();\n");
+    FieldDescriptorSet::iterator it;
+    for (it = extensions.begin(); it != extensions.end(); it++) {
+      std::unique_ptr<ExtensionGenerator> generator(
+          generator_factory_->NewExtensionGenerator(*it));
+      bytecode_estimate += generator->GenerateRegistrationCode(printer);
+      MaybeRestartJavaMethod(
+          printer, &bytecode_estimate, &method_num,
+          "_clinit_autosplit_dinit_$method_num$(registry);\n",
+          "private static void _clinit_autosplit_dinit_$method_num$(\n"
+          "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor\n"
+        "    .internalUpdateFileDescriptor(descriptor, registry);\n");
+  }
+
+  // Force descriptor initialization of all dependencies.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    if (ShouldIncludeDependency(file_->dependency(i), true)) {
+      std::string dependency =
+          name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(file_->dependency(i));
+      printer->Print("$dependency$.getDescriptor();\n", "dependency",
+                     dependency);
+    }
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateDescriptorInitializationCodeForMutable(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor\n"
+      "    getDescriptor() {\n"
+      "  return descriptor;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor\n"
+      "    descriptor;\n"
+      "static {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "descriptor = $immutable_package$.$descriptor_classname$.descriptor;\n",
+      "immutable_package", FileJavaPackage(file_, true), "descriptor_classname",
+      name_resolver_->GetDescriptorClassName(file_));
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    message_generators_[i]->GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(printer);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension_generators_[i]->GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  // Check if custom options exist. If any, try to load immutable classes since
+  // custom options are only represented with immutable messages.
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  file_->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+  std::string file_data;
+  file_proto.SerializeToString(&file_data);
+  FieldDescriptorSet extensions;
+  CollectExtensions(file_proto, *file_->pool(), &extensions, file_data);
+
+  if (extensions.size() > 0) {
+    // Try to load immutable messages' outer class. Its initialization code
+    // will take care of interpreting custom options.
+    printer->Print(
+        "try {\n"
+        // Note that we have to load the immutable class dynamically here as
+        // we want the mutable code to be independent from the immutable code
+        // at compile time. It is required to implement dual-compile for
+        // mutable and immutable API in blaze.
+        "  java.lang.Class<?> immutableClass = java.lang.Class.forName(\n"
+        "      \"$immutable_classname$\");\n"
+        "} catch (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException e) {\n",
+        "immutable_classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(file_));
+    printer->Indent();
+
+    // The immutable class can not be found. We try our best to collect all
+    // custom option extensions to interpret the custom options.
+    printer->Print(
+        "com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry =\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();\n"
+        "com.google.protobuf.MessageLite defaultExtensionInstance = null;\n");
+    FieldDescriptorSet::iterator it;
+    for (it = extensions.begin(); it != extensions.end(); it++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = *it;
+      std::string scope;
+      if (field->extension_scope() != NULL) {
+        scope = name_resolver_->GetMutableClassName(field->extension_scope()) +
+                ".getDescriptor()";
+      } else {
+        scope = FileJavaPackage(field->file(), true) + "." +
+                name_resolver_->GetDescriptorClassName(field->file()) +
+                ".descriptor";
+      }
+      if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+        printer->Print(
+            "defaultExtensionInstance = com.google.protobuf.Internal\n"
+            "    .getDefaultInstance(\"$class$\");\n"
+            "if (defaultExtensionInstance != null) {\n"
+            "  registry.add(\n"
+            "      $scope$.getExtensions().get($index$),\n"
+            "      (com.google.protobuf.Message) defaultExtensionInstance);\n"
+            "}\n",
+            "scope", scope, "index", StrCat(field->index()), "class",
+            name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(field->message_type()));
+      } else {
+        printer->Print("registry.add($scope$.getExtensions().get($index$));\n",
+                       "scope", scope, "index", StrCat(field->index()));
+      }
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor\n"
+        "    .internalUpdateFileDescriptor(descriptor, registry);\n");
+
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+  }
+
+  // Force descriptor initialization of all dependencies.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    if (ShouldIncludeDependency(file_->dependency(i), false)) {
+      std::string dependency =
+          name_resolver_->GetMutableClassName(file_->dependency(i));
+      printer->Print("$dependency$.getDescriptor();\n", "dependency",
+                     dependency);
+    }
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+template <typename GeneratorClass, typename DescriptorClass>
+static void GenerateSibling(
+    const std::string& package_dir, const std::string& java_package,
+    const DescriptorClass* descriptor, GeneratorContext* context,
+    std::vector<std::string>* file_list, bool annotate_code,
+    std::vector<std::string>* annotation_list, const std::string& name_suffix,
+    GeneratorClass* generator,
+    void (GeneratorClass::*pfn)(io::Printer* printer)) {
+  std::string filename =
+      package_dir + descriptor->name() + name_suffix + ".java";
+  file_list->push_back(filename);
+  std::string info_full_path = filename + ".pb.meta";
+  GeneratedCodeInfo annotations;
+  io::AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> annotation_collector(
+      &annotations);
+
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(context->Open(filename));
+  io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$',
+                      annotate_code ? &annotation_collector : NULL);
+
+  printer.Print(
+      "// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+      "// source: $filename$\n"
+      "\n",
+      "filename", descriptor->file()->name());
+  if (!java_package.empty()) {
+    printer.Print(
+        "package $package$;\n"
+        "\n",
+        "package", java_package);
+  }
+
+  (generator->*pfn)(&printer);
+
+  if (annotate_code) {
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> info_output(
+        context->Open(info_full_path));
+    annotations.SerializeToZeroCopyStream(info_output.get());
+    annotation_list->push_back(info_full_path);
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateSiblings(
+    const std::string& package_dir, GeneratorContext* context,
+    std::vector<std::string>* file_list,
+    std::vector<std::string>* annotation_list) {
+  if (MultipleJavaFiles(file_, immutable_api_)) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+      if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, context_->EnforceLite())) {
+        EnumGenerator generator(file_->enum_type(i), immutable_api_,
+                                context_.get());
+        GenerateSibling<EnumGenerator>(
+            package_dir, java_package_, file_->enum_type(i), context, file_list,
+            options_.annotate_code, annotation_list, "", &generator,
+            &EnumGenerator::Generate);
+      } else {
+        EnumLiteGenerator generator(file_->enum_type(i), immutable_api_,
+                                    context_.get());
+        GenerateSibling<EnumLiteGenerator>(
+            package_dir, java_package_, file_->enum_type(i), context, file_list,
+            options_.annotate_code, annotation_list, "", &generator,
+            &EnumLiteGenerator::Generate);
+      }
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+      if (immutable_api_) {
+        GenerateSibling<MessageGenerator>(
+            package_dir, java_package_, file_->message_type(i), context,
+            file_list, options_.annotate_code, annotation_list, "OrBuilder",
+            message_generators_[i].get(), &MessageGenerator::GenerateInterface);
+      }
+      GenerateSibling<MessageGenerator>(
+          package_dir, java_package_, file_->message_type(i), context,
+          file_list, options_.annotate_code, annotation_list, "",
+          message_generators_[i].get(), &MessageGenerator::Generate);
+    }
+    if (HasGenericServices(file_, context_->EnforceLite())) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < file_->service_count(); i++) {
+        std::unique_ptr<ServiceGenerator> generator(
+            generator_factory_->NewServiceGenerator(file_->service(i)));
+        GenerateSibling<ServiceGenerator>(
+            package_dir, java_package_, file_->service(i), context, file_list,
+            options_.annotate_code, annotation_list, "", generator.get(),
+            &ServiceGenerator::Generate);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool FileGenerator::ShouldIncludeDependency(const FileDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                            bool immutable_api) {
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb3e4a576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.h
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_FILE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_FILE_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_options.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class FileDescriptor;  // descriptor.h
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+namespace compiler {
+class GeneratorContext;  // code_generator.h
+namespace java {
+class Context;             // context.h
+class MessageGenerator;    // message.h
+class GeneratorFactory;    // generator_factory.h
+class ExtensionGenerator;  // extension.h
+class ClassNameResolver;   // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class FileGenerator {
+ public:
+  FileGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options,
+                bool immutable_api = true);
+  ~FileGenerator();
+
+  // Checks for problems that would otherwise lead to cryptic compile errors.
+  // Returns true if there are no problems, or writes an error description to
+  // the given string and returns false otherwise.
+  bool Validate(std::string* error);
+
+  void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // If we aren't putting everything into one file, this will write all the
+  // files other than the outer file (i.e. one for each message, enum, and
+  // service type).
+  void GenerateSiblings(const std::string& package_dir,
+                        GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+                        std::vector<std::string>* file_list,
+                        std::vector<std::string>* annotation_list);
+
+  const std::string& java_package() { return java_package_; }
+  const std::string& classname() { return classname_; }
+
+ private:
+  void GenerateDescriptorInitializationCodeForImmutable(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDescriptorInitializationCodeForMutable(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  bool ShouldIncludeDependency(const FileDescriptor* descriptor,
+                               bool immutable_api_);
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file_;
+  std::string java_package_;
+  std::string classname_;
+
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MessageGenerator>> message_generators_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExtensionGenerator>> extension_generators_;
+  std::unique_ptr<GeneratorFactory> generator_factory_;
+  std::unique_ptr<Context> context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+  const Options options_;
+  bool immutable_api_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FileGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_FILE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5045cfdc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.h>
+
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_options.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+
+JavaGenerator::JavaGenerator() {}
+JavaGenerator::~JavaGenerator() {}
+
+bool JavaGenerator::Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                             const std::string& parameter,
+                             GeneratorContext* context,
+                             std::string* error) const {
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // parse generator options
+
+  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> > options;
+  ParseGeneratorParameter(parameter, &options);
+  Options file_options;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) {
+    if (options[i].first == "output_list_file") {
+      file_options.output_list_file = options[i].second;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "immutable") {
+      file_options.generate_immutable_code = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "mutable") {
+      file_options.generate_mutable_code = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "shared") {
+      file_options.generate_shared_code = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "lite") {
+      // Note: Java Lite does not guarantee API/ABI stability. We may choose to
+      // break existing API in order to boost performance / reduce code size.
+      file_options.enforce_lite = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "annotate_code") {
+      file_options.annotate_code = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "annotation_list_file") {
+      file_options.annotation_list_file = options[i].second;
+    } else {
+      *error = "Unknown generator option: " + options[i].first;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (file_options.enforce_lite && file_options.generate_mutable_code) {
+    *error = "lite runtime generator option cannot be used with mutable API.";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // By default we generate immutable code and shared code for immutable API.
+  if (!file_options.generate_immutable_code &&
+      !file_options.generate_mutable_code &&
+      !file_options.generate_shared_code) {
+    file_options.generate_immutable_code = true;
+    file_options.generate_shared_code = true;
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+  std::vector<std::string> all_files;
+  std::vector<std::string> all_annotations;
+
+
+  std::vector<FileGenerator*> file_generators;
+  if (file_options.generate_immutable_code) {
+    file_generators.push_back(new FileGenerator(file, file_options,
+                                                /* immutable = */ true));
+  }
+  if (file_options.generate_mutable_code) {
+    file_generators.push_back(new FileGenerator(file, file_options,
+                                                /* mutable = */ false));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_generators.size(); ++i) {
+    if (!file_generators[i]->Validate(error)) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < file_generators.size(); ++j) {
+        delete file_generators[j];
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_generators.size(); ++i) {
+    FileGenerator* file_generator = file_generators[i];
+
+    std::string package_dir = JavaPackageToDir(file_generator->java_package());
+
+    std::string java_filename = package_dir;
+    java_filename += file_generator->classname();
+    java_filename += ".java";
+    all_files.push_back(java_filename);
+    std::string info_full_path = java_filename + ".pb.meta";
+    if (file_options.annotate_code) {
+      all_annotations.push_back(info_full_path);
+    }
+
+    // Generate main java file.
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+        context->Open(java_filename));
+    GeneratedCodeInfo annotations;
+    io::AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> annotation_collector(
+        &annotations);
+    io::Printer printer(
+        output.get(), '$',
+        file_options.annotate_code ? &annotation_collector : NULL);
+
+    file_generator->Generate(&printer);
+
+    // Generate sibling files.
+    file_generator->GenerateSiblings(package_dir, context, &all_files,
+                                     &all_annotations);
+
+    if (file_options.annotate_code) {
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> info_output(
+          context->Open(info_full_path));
+      annotations.SerializeToZeroCopyStream(info_output.get());
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_generators.size(); ++i) {
+    delete file_generators[i];
+  }
+  file_generators.clear();
+
+  // Generate output list if requested.
+  if (!file_options.output_list_file.empty()) {
+    // Generate output list.  This is just a simple text file placed in a
+    // deterministic location which lists the .java files being generated.
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> srclist_raw_output(
+        context->Open(file_options.output_list_file));
+    io::Printer srclist_printer(srclist_raw_output.get(), '$');
+    for (int i = 0; i < all_files.size(); i++) {
+      srclist_printer.Print("$filename$\n", "filename", all_files[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!file_options.annotation_list_file.empty()) {
+    // Generate output list.  This is just a simple text file placed in a
+    // deterministic location which lists the .java files being generated.
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> annotation_list_raw_output(
+        context->Open(file_options.annotation_list_file));
+    io::Printer annotation_list_printer(annotation_list_raw_output.get(), '$');
+    for (int i = 0; i < all_annotations.size(); i++) {
+      annotation_list_printer.Print("$filename$\n", "filename",
+                                    all_annotations[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be63ac49e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Generates Java code for a given .proto file.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_GENERATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_GENERATOR_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+// CodeGenerator implementation which generates Java code.  If you create your
+// own protocol compiler binary and you want it to support Java output, you
+// can do so by registering an instance of this CodeGenerator with the
+// CommandLineInterface in your main() function.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT JavaGenerator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  JavaGenerator();
+  ~JavaGenerator();
+
+  // implements CodeGenerator ----------------------------------------
+  bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file, const std::string& parameter,
+                GeneratorContext* context, std::string* error) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(JavaGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_GENERATOR_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a62adb10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+GeneratorFactory::GeneratorFactory() {}
+GeneratorFactory::~GeneratorFactory() {}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableGeneratorFactory::ImmutableGeneratorFactory(Context* context)
+    : context_(context) {}
+ImmutableGeneratorFactory::~ImmutableGeneratorFactory() {}
+
+MessageGenerator* ImmutableGeneratorFactory::NewMessageGenerator(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor) const {
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor, context_->EnforceLite())) {
+    return new ImmutableMessageGenerator(descriptor, context_);
+  } else {
+    return new ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator(descriptor, context_);
+  }
+}
+
+ExtensionGenerator* ImmutableGeneratorFactory::NewExtensionGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) const {
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->file(), context_->EnforceLite())) {
+    return new ImmutableExtensionGenerator(descriptor, context_);
+  } else {
+    return new ImmutableExtensionLiteGenerator(descriptor, context_);
+  }
+}
+
+ServiceGenerator* ImmutableGeneratorFactory::NewServiceGenerator(
+    const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor) const {
+  return new ImmutableServiceGenerator(descriptor, context_);
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16688a56d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_GENERATOR_FACTORY_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_GENERATOR_FACTORY_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class FieldDescriptor;    // descriptor.h
+class Descriptor;         // descriptor.h
+class ServiceDescriptor;  // descriptor.h
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class MessageGenerator;    // message.h
+class ExtensionGenerator;  // extension.h
+class ServiceGenerator;    // service.h
+class Context;             // context.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class GeneratorFactory {
+ public:
+  GeneratorFactory();
+  virtual ~GeneratorFactory();
+
+  virtual MessageGenerator* NewMessageGenerator(
+      const Descriptor* descriptor) const = 0;
+
+  virtual ExtensionGenerator* NewExtensionGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) const = 0;
+
+  virtual ServiceGenerator* NewServiceGenerator(
+      const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor) const = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(GeneratorFactory);
+};
+
+// Factory that creates generators for immutable-default messages.
+class ImmutableGeneratorFactory : public GeneratorFactory {
+ public:
+  ImmutableGeneratorFactory(Context* context);
+  virtual ~ImmutableGeneratorFactory();
+
+  virtual MessageGenerator* NewMessageGenerator(
+      const Descriptor* descriptor) const;
+
+  virtual ExtensionGenerator* NewExtensionGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) const;
+
+  virtual ServiceGenerator* NewServiceGenerator(
+      const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor) const;
+
+ private:
+  Context* context_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableGeneratorFactory);
+};
+
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_GENERATOR_FACTORY_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41cd52402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1025 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>  // for hash<T *>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+const char kThickSeparator[] =
+    "// ===================================================================\n";
+const char kThinSeparator[] =
+    "// -------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
+
+namespace {
+
+const char* kDefaultPackage = "";
+
+// Names that should be avoided as field names.
+// Using them will cause the compiler to generate accessors whose names are
+// colliding with methods defined in base classes.
+const char* kForbiddenWordList[] = {
+    // message base class:
+    "cached_size",
+    "serialized_size",
+    // java.lang.Object:
+    "class",
+};
+
+const std::unordered_set<string>* kReservedNames =
+    new std::unordered_set<string>({
+        "abstract",   "assert",       "boolean",   "break",      "byte",
+        "case",       "catch",        "char",      "class",      "const",
+        "continue",   "default",      "do",        "double",     "else",
+        "enum",       "extends",      "final",     "finally",    "float",
+        "for",        "goto",         "if",        "implements", "import",
+        "instanceof", "int",          "interface", "long",       "native",
+        "new",        "package",      "private",   "protected",  "public",
+        "return",     "short",        "static",    "strictfp",   "super",
+        "switch",     "synchronized", "this",      "throw",      "throws",
+        "transient",  "try",          "void",      "volatile",   "while",
+    });
+
+bool IsForbidden(const std::string& field_name) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(kForbiddenWordList); ++i) {
+    if (field_name == kForbiddenWordList[i]) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+std::string FieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  std::string field_name;
+  // Groups are hacky:  The name of the field is just the lower-cased name
+  // of the group type.  In Java, though, we would like to retain the original
+  // capitalization of the type name.
+  if (GetType(field) == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    field_name = field->message_type()->name();
+  } else {
+    field_name = field->name();
+  }
+  if (IsForbidden(field_name)) {
+    // Append a trailing "#" to indicate that the name should be decorated to
+    // avoid collision with other names.
+    field_name += "#";
+  }
+  return field_name;
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void PrintGeneratedAnnotation(io::Printer* printer, char delimiter,
+                              const std::string& annotation_file) {
+  if (annotation_file.empty()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  std::string ptemplate =
+      "@javax.annotation.Generated(value=\"protoc\", comments=\"annotations:";
+  ptemplate.push_back(delimiter);
+  ptemplate.append("annotation_file");
+  ptemplate.push_back(delimiter);
+  ptemplate.append("\")\n");
+  printer->Print(ptemplate.c_str(), "annotation_file", annotation_file);
+}
+
+void PrintEnumVerifierLogic(io::Printer* printer,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                            const std::map<std::string, std::string>& variables,
+                            const char* var_name,
+                            const char* terminating_string, bool enforce_lite) {
+  std::string enum_verifier_string =
+      enforce_lite ? StrCat(var_name, ".internalGetVerifier()")
+                   : StrCat(
+                         "new com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumVerifier() {\n"
+                         "        @java.lang.Override\n"
+                         "        public boolean isInRange(int number) {\n"
+                         "          return ",
+                         var_name,
+                         ".forNumber(number) != null;\n"
+                         "        }\n"
+                         "      }");
+  printer->Print(
+      variables,
+      StrCat(enum_verifier_string, terminating_string).c_str());
+}
+
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const std::string& input,
+                                   bool cap_next_letter) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!input.empty());
+  std::string result;
+  // Note:  I distrust ctype.h due to locales.
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    if ('a' <= input[i] && input[i] <= 'z') {
+      if (cap_next_letter) {
+        result += input[i] + ('A' - 'a');
+      } else {
+        result += input[i];
+      }
+      cap_next_letter = false;
+    } else if ('A' <= input[i] && input[i] <= 'Z') {
+      if (i == 0 && !cap_next_letter) {
+        // Force first letter to lower-case unless explicitly told to
+        // capitalize it.
+        result += input[i] + ('a' - 'A');
+      } else {
+        // Capital letters after the first are left as-is.
+        result += input[i];
+      }
+      cap_next_letter = false;
+    } else if ('0' <= input[i] && input[i] <= '9') {
+      result += input[i];
+      cap_next_letter = true;
+    } else {
+      cap_next_letter = true;
+    }
+  }
+  // Add a trailing "_" if the name should be altered.
+  if (input[input.size() - 1] == '#') {
+    result += '_';
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(FieldName(field), false);
+}
+
+std::string UnderscoresToCapitalizedCamelCase(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(FieldName(field), true);
+}
+
+std::string CapitalizedFieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return UnderscoresToCapitalizedCamelCase(field);
+}
+
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const MethodDescriptor* method) {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(method->name(), false);
+}
+
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCaseCheckReserved(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  std::string name = UnderscoresToCamelCase(field);
+  if (kReservedNames->find(name) != kReservedNames->end()) {
+    return name + "_";
+  }
+  return name;
+}
+
+std::string UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return "static_" + StringReplace(descriptor->full_name(), ".", "_", true);
+}
+
+std::string CamelCaseFieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  std::string fieldName = UnderscoresToCamelCase(field);
+  if ('0' <= fieldName[0] && fieldName[0] <= '9') {
+    return '_' + fieldName;
+  }
+  return fieldName;
+}
+
+std::string StripProto(const std::string& filename) {
+  if (HasSuffixString(filename, ".protodevel")) {
+    return StripSuffixString(filename, ".protodevel");
+  } else {
+    return StripSuffixString(filename, ".proto");
+  }
+}
+
+std::string FileClassName(const FileDescriptor* file, bool immutable) {
+  ClassNameResolver name_resolver;
+  return name_resolver.GetFileClassName(file, immutable);
+}
+
+std::string FileJavaPackage(const FileDescriptor* file, bool immutable) {
+  std::string result;
+
+  if (file->options().has_java_package()) {
+    result = file->options().java_package();
+  } else {
+    result = kDefaultPackage;
+    if (!file->package().empty()) {
+      if (!result.empty()) result += '.';
+      result += file->package();
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string FileJavaPackage(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  return FileJavaPackage(file, true /* immutable */);
+}
+
+std::string JavaPackageToDir(std::string package_name) {
+  std::string package_dir = StringReplace(package_name, ".", "/", true);
+  if (!package_dir.empty()) package_dir += "/";
+  return package_dir;
+}
+
+std::string ClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  ClassNameResolver name_resolver;
+  return name_resolver.GetClassName(descriptor, true);
+}
+
+std::string ClassName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  ClassNameResolver name_resolver;
+  return name_resolver.GetClassName(descriptor, true);
+}
+
+std::string ClassName(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  ClassNameResolver name_resolver;
+  return name_resolver.GetClassName(descriptor, true);
+}
+
+std::string ClassName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  ClassNameResolver name_resolver;
+  return name_resolver.GetClassName(descriptor, true);
+}
+
+
+std::string ExtraMessageInterfaces(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  std::string interfaces = "// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:" +
+                           descriptor->full_name() + ")";
+  return interfaces;
+}
+
+
+std::string ExtraBuilderInterfaces(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  std::string interfaces = "// @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:" +
+                           descriptor->full_name() + ")";
+  return interfaces;
+}
+
+std::string ExtraMessageOrBuilderInterfaces(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  std::string interfaces = "// @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:" +
+                           descriptor->full_name() + ")";
+  return interfaces;
+}
+
+std::string FieldConstantName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  std::string name = field->name() + "_FIELD_NUMBER";
+  UpperString(&name);
+  return name;
+}
+
+FieldDescriptor::Type GetType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return field->type();
+}
+
+JavaType GetJavaType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  switch (GetType(field)) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return JAVATYPE_INT;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return JAVATYPE_LONG;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return JAVATYPE_FLOAT;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return JAVATYPE_DOUBLE;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return JAVATYPE_BOOLEAN;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return JAVATYPE_STRING;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return JAVATYPE_BYTES;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return JAVATYPE_ENUM;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return JAVATYPE_MESSAGE;
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // types are added.
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return JAVATYPE_INT;
+}
+
+const char* PrimitiveTypeName(JavaType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case JAVATYPE_INT:
+      return "int";
+    case JAVATYPE_LONG:
+      return "long";
+    case JAVATYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "float";
+    case JAVATYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "double";
+    case JAVATYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      return "boolean";
+    case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+      return "java.lang.String";
+    case JAVATYPE_BYTES:
+      return "com.google.protobuf.ByteString";
+    case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+      return NULL;
+    case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return NULL;
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // JavaTypes are added.
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+const char* PrimitiveTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return PrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(descriptor));
+}
+
+const char* BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(JavaType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case JAVATYPE_INT:
+      return "java.lang.Integer";
+    case JAVATYPE_LONG:
+      return "java.lang.Long";
+    case JAVATYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "java.lang.Float";
+    case JAVATYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "java.lang.Double";
+    case JAVATYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      return "java.lang.Boolean";
+    case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+      return "java.lang.String";
+    case JAVATYPE_BYTES:
+      return "com.google.protobuf.ByteString";
+    case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+      return NULL;
+    case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return NULL;
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // JavaTypes are added.
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+const char* BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(descriptor));
+}
+
+std::string GetOneofStoredType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  const JavaType javaType = GetJavaType(field);
+  switch (javaType) {
+    case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+      return "java.lang.Integer";
+    case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return ClassName(field->message_type());
+    default:
+      return BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(javaType);
+  }
+}
+
+const char* FieldTypeName(FieldDescriptor::Type field_type) {
+  switch (field_type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return "INT32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return "UINT32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return "SINT32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return "FIXED32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return "SFIXED32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return "INT64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return "UINT64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return "SINT64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return "FIXED64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return "SFIXED64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "FLOAT";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "DOUBLE";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return "BOOL";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return "STRING";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return "BYTES";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return "ENUM";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return "GROUP";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "MESSAGE";
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // types are added.
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+bool AllAscii(const std::string& text) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < text.size(); i++) {
+    if ((text[i] & 0x80) != 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::string DefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor* field, bool immutable,
+                         ClassNameResolver* name_resolver) {
+  // Switch on CppType since we need to know which default_value_* method
+  // of FieldDescriptor to call.
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return StrCat(field->default_value_int32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      // Need to print as a signed int since Java has no unsigned.
+      return StrCat(static_cast<int32>(field->default_value_uint32()));
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return StrCat(field->default_value_int64()) + "L";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return StrCat(static_cast<int64>(field->default_value_uint64())) +
+             "L";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      double value = field->default_value_double();
+      if (value == std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+        return "Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY";
+      } else if (value == -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+        return "Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY";
+      } else if (value != value) {
+        return "Double.NaN";
+      } else {
+        return SimpleDtoa(value) + "D";
+      }
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT: {
+      float value = field->default_value_float();
+      if (value == std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) {
+        return "Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY";
+      } else if (value == -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) {
+        return "Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY";
+      } else if (value != value) {
+        return "Float.NaN";
+      } else {
+        return SimpleFtoa(value) + "F";
+      }
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return field->default_value_bool() ? "true" : "false";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      if (GetType(field) == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+        if (field->has_default_value()) {
+          // See comments in Internal.java for gory details.
+          return strings::Substitute(
+              "com.google.protobuf.Internal.bytesDefaultValue(\"$0\")",
+              CEscape(field->default_value_string()));
+        } else {
+          return "com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY";
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (AllAscii(field->default_value_string())) {
+          // All chars are ASCII.  In this case CEscape() works fine.
+          return "\"" + CEscape(field->default_value_string()) + "\"";
+        } else {
+          // See comments in Internal.java for gory details.
+          return strings::Substitute(
+              "com.google.protobuf.Internal.stringDefaultValue(\"$0\")",
+              CEscape(field->default_value_string()));
+        }
+      }
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return name_resolver->GetClassName(field->enum_type(), immutable) + "." +
+             field->default_value_enum()->name();
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return name_resolver->GetClassName(field->message_type(), immutable) +
+             ".getDefaultInstance()";
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // types are added.
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return "";
+}
+
+bool IsDefaultValueJavaDefault(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // Switch on CppType since we need to know which default_value_* method
+  // of FieldDescriptor to call.
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return field->default_value_int32() == 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return field->default_value_uint32() == 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return field->default_value_int64() == 0L;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return field->default_value_uint64() == 0L;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return field->default_value_double() == 0.0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return field->default_value_float() == 0.0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return field->default_value_bool() == false;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return field->default_value_enum()->number() == 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return false;
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // types are added.
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool IsByteStringWithCustomDefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_BYTES &&
+         field->default_value_string() != "";
+}
+
+const char* bit_masks[] = {
+    "0x00000001", "0x00000002", "0x00000004", "0x00000008",
+    "0x00000010", "0x00000020", "0x00000040", "0x00000080",
+
+    "0x00000100", "0x00000200", "0x00000400", "0x00000800",
+    "0x00001000", "0x00002000", "0x00004000", "0x00008000",
+
+    "0x00010000", "0x00020000", "0x00040000", "0x00080000",
+    "0x00100000", "0x00200000", "0x00400000", "0x00800000",
+
+    "0x01000000", "0x02000000", "0x04000000", "0x08000000",
+    "0x10000000", "0x20000000", "0x40000000", "0x80000000",
+};
+
+std::string GetBitFieldName(int index) {
+  std::string varName = "bitField";
+  varName += StrCat(index);
+  varName += "_";
+  return varName;
+}
+
+std::string GetBitFieldNameForBit(int bitIndex) {
+  return GetBitFieldName(bitIndex / 32);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+std::string GenerateGetBitInternal(const std::string& prefix, int bitIndex) {
+  std::string varName = prefix + GetBitFieldNameForBit(bitIndex);
+  int bitInVarIndex = bitIndex % 32;
+
+  std::string mask = bit_masks[bitInVarIndex];
+  std::string result = "((" + varName + " & " + mask + ") != 0)";
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string GenerateSetBitInternal(const std::string& prefix, int bitIndex) {
+  std::string varName = prefix + GetBitFieldNameForBit(bitIndex);
+  int bitInVarIndex = bitIndex % 32;
+
+  std::string mask = bit_masks[bitInVarIndex];
+  std::string result = varName + " |= " + mask;
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+std::string GenerateGetBit(int bitIndex) {
+  return GenerateGetBitInternal("", bitIndex);
+}
+
+std::string GenerateSetBit(int bitIndex) {
+  return GenerateSetBitInternal("", bitIndex);
+}
+
+std::string GenerateClearBit(int bitIndex) {
+  std::string varName = GetBitFieldNameForBit(bitIndex);
+  int bitInVarIndex = bitIndex % 32;
+
+  std::string mask = bit_masks[bitInVarIndex];
+  std::string result = varName + " = (" + varName + " & ~" + mask + ")";
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string GenerateGetBitFromLocal(int bitIndex) {
+  return GenerateGetBitInternal("from_", bitIndex);
+}
+
+std::string GenerateSetBitToLocal(int bitIndex) {
+  return GenerateSetBitInternal("to_", bitIndex);
+}
+
+std::string GenerateGetBitMutableLocal(int bitIndex) {
+  return GenerateGetBitInternal("mutable_", bitIndex);
+}
+
+std::string GenerateSetBitMutableLocal(int bitIndex) {
+  return GenerateSetBitInternal("mutable_", bitIndex);
+}
+
+bool IsReferenceType(JavaType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case JAVATYPE_INT:
+      return false;
+    case JAVATYPE_LONG:
+      return false;
+    case JAVATYPE_FLOAT:
+      return false;
+    case JAVATYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return false;
+    case JAVATYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      return false;
+    case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+      return true;
+    case JAVATYPE_BYTES:
+      return true;
+    case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+      return true;
+    case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return true;
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // JavaTypes are added.
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return false;
+}
+
+const char* GetCapitalizedType(const FieldDescriptor* field, bool immutable) {
+  switch (GetType(field)) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return "Int32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return "UInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return "SInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return "Fixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return "SFixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return "Int64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return "UInt64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return "SInt64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return "Fixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return "SFixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "Float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "Double";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return "Bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return "String";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES: {
+      return "Bytes";
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return "Enum";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return "Group";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "Message";
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // types are added.
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+// For encodings with fixed sizes, returns that size in bytes.  Otherwise
+// returns -1.
+int FixedSize(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return WireFormatLite::kFixed32Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return WireFormatLite::kFixed64Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return WireFormatLite::kSFixed32Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return WireFormatLite::kSFixed64Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return WireFormatLite::kFloatSize;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return WireFormatLite::kDoubleSize;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return WireFormatLite::kBoolSize;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return -1;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return -1;
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // types are added.
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return -1;
+}
+
+// Sort the fields of the given Descriptor by number into a new[]'d array
+// and return it. The caller should delete the returned array.
+const FieldDescriptor** SortFieldsByNumber(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  const FieldDescriptor** fields =
+      new const FieldDescriptor*[descriptor->field_count()];
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    fields[i] = descriptor->field(i);
+  }
+  std::sort(fields, fields + descriptor->field_count(),
+            FieldOrderingByNumber());
+  return fields;
+}
+
+// Returns true if the message type has any required fields.  If it doesn't,
+// we can optimize out calls to its isInitialized() method.
+//
+// already_seen is used to avoid checking the same type multiple times
+// (and also to protect against recursion).
+bool HasRequiredFields(const Descriptor* type,
+                       std::unordered_set<const Descriptor*>* already_seen) {
+  if (already_seen->count(type) > 0) {
+    // The type is already in cache.  This means that either:
+    // a. The type has no required fields.
+    // b. We are in the midst of checking if the type has required fields,
+    //    somewhere up the stack.  In this case, we know that if the type
+    //    has any required fields, they'll be found when we return to it,
+    //    and the whole call to HasRequiredFields() will return true.
+    //    Therefore, we don't have to check if this type has required fields
+    //    here.
+    return false;
+  }
+  already_seen->insert(type);
+
+  // If the type has extensions, an extension with message type could contain
+  // required fields, so we have to be conservative and assume such an
+  // extension exists.
+  if (type->extension_range_count() > 0) return true;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < type->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = type->field(i);
+    if (field->is_required()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      if (HasRequiredFields(field->message_type(), already_seen)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool HasRequiredFields(const Descriptor* type) {
+  std::unordered_set<const Descriptor*> already_seen;
+  return HasRequiredFields(type, &already_seen);
+}
+
+bool HasRepeatedFields(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor->field(i);
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Encode an unsigned 32-bit value into a sequence of UTF-16 characters.
+//
+// If the value is in [0x0000, 0xD7FF], we encode it with a single character
+// with the same numeric value.
+//
+// If the value is larger than 0xD7FF, we encode its lowest 13 bits into a
+// character in the range [0xE000, 0xFFFF] by combining these 13 bits with
+// 0xE000 using logic-or. Then we shift the value to the right by 13 bits, and
+// encode the remaining value by repeating this same process until we get to
+// a value in [0x0000, 0xD7FF] where we will encode it using a character with
+// the same numeric value.
+//
+// Note that we only use code points in [0x0000, 0xD7FF] and [0xE000, 0xFFFF].
+// There will be no surrogate pairs in the encoded character sequence.
+void WriteUInt32ToUtf16CharSequence(uint32 number,
+                                    std::vector<uint16>* output) {
+  // For values in [0x0000, 0xD7FF], only use one char to encode it.
+  if (number < 0xD800) {
+    output->push_back(static_cast<uint16>(number));
+    return;
+  }
+  // Encode into multiple chars. All except the last char will be in the range
+  // [0xE000, 0xFFFF], and the last char will be in the range [0x0000, 0xD7FF].
+  // Note that we don't use any value in range [0xD800, 0xDFFF] because they
+  // have to come in pairs and the encoding is just more space-efficient w/o
+  // them.
+  while (number >= 0xD800) {
+    // [0xE000, 0xFFFF] can represent 13 bits of info.
+    output->push_back(static_cast<uint16>(0xE000 | (number & 0x1FFF)));
+    number >>= 13;
+  }
+  output->push_back(static_cast<uint16>(number));
+}
+
+int GetExperimentalJavaFieldTypeForSingular(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // j/c/g/protobuf/FieldType.java lists field types in a slightly different
+  // order from FieldDescriptor::Type so we can't do a simple cast.
+  //
+  // TODO(xiaofeng): Make j/c/g/protobuf/FieldType.java follow the same order.
+  int result = field->type();
+  if (result == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    return 17;
+  } else if (result < FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    return result - 1;
+  } else {
+    return result - 2;
+  }
+}
+
+int GetExperimentalJavaFieldTypeForRepeated(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    return 49;
+  } else {
+    return GetExperimentalJavaFieldTypeForSingular(field) + 18;
+  }
+}
+
+int GetExperimentalJavaFieldTypeForPacked(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  int result = field->type();
+  if (result < FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING) {
+    return result + 34;
+  } else if (result > FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+    return result + 30;
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << field->full_name() << " can't be packed.";
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+int GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  static const int kMapFieldType = 50;
+  static const int kOneofFieldTypeOffset = 51;
+  static const int kRequiredBit = 0x100;
+  static const int kUtf8CheckBit = 0x200;
+  static const int kCheckInitialized = 0x400;
+  static const int kMapWithProto2EnumValue = 0x800;
+  int extra_bits = field->is_required() ? kRequiredBit : 0;
+  if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING && CheckUtf8(field)) {
+    extra_bits |= kUtf8CheckBit;
+  }
+  if (field->is_required() || (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE &&
+                               HasRequiredFields(field->message_type()))) {
+    extra_bits |= kCheckInitialized;
+  }
+
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    if (SupportFieldPresence(field->file())) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* value =
+          field->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+      if (GetJavaType(value) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+        extra_bits |= kMapWithProto2EnumValue;
+      }
+    }
+    return kMapFieldType | extra_bits;
+  } else if (field->is_packed()) {
+    return GetExperimentalJavaFieldTypeForPacked(field);
+  } else if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    return GetExperimentalJavaFieldTypeForRepeated(field) | extra_bits;
+  } else if (field->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+    return (GetExperimentalJavaFieldTypeForSingular(field) +
+            kOneofFieldTypeOffset) |
+           extra_bits;
+  } else {
+    return GetExperimentalJavaFieldTypeForSingular(field) | extra_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+// Escape a UTF-16 character to be embedded in a Java string.
+void EscapeUtf16ToString(uint16 code, std::string* output) {
+  if (code == '\t') {
+    output->append("\\t");
+  } else if (code == '\b') {
+    output->append("\\b");
+  } else if (code == '\n') {
+    output->append("\\n");
+  } else if (code == '\r') {
+    output->append("\\r");
+  } else if (code == '\f') {
+    output->append("\\f");
+  } else if (code == '\'') {
+    output->append("\\'");
+  } else if (code == '\"') {
+    output->append("\\\"");
+  } else if (code == '\\') {
+    output->append("\\\\");
+  } else if (code >= 0x20 && code <= 0x7f) {
+    output->push_back(static_cast<char>(code));
+  } else {
+    output->append(StringPrintf("\\u%04x", code));
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1193cec97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_HELPERS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_HELPERS_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+// Commonly-used separator comments.  Thick is a line of '=', thin is a line
+// of '-'.
+extern const char kThickSeparator[];
+extern const char kThinSeparator[];
+
+// If annotation_file is non-empty, prints a javax.annotation.Generated
+// annotation to the given Printer. annotation_file will be referenced in the
+// annotation's comments field. delimiter should be the Printer's delimiter
+// character. annotation_file will be included verbatim into a Java literal
+// string, so it should not contain quotes or invalid Java escape sequences;
+// however, these are unlikely to appear in practice, as the value of
+// annotation_file should be generated from the filename of the source file
+// being annotated (which in turn must be a Java identifier plus ".java").
+void PrintGeneratedAnnotation(io::Printer* printer, char delimiter = '$',
+                              const std::string& annotation_file = "");
+
+// If a GeneratedMessageLite contains non-lite enums, then its verifier
+// must be instantiated inline, rather than retrieved from the enum class.
+void PrintEnumVerifierLogic(io::Printer* printer,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                            const std::map<std::string, std::string>& variables,
+                            const char* var_name,
+                            const char* terminating_string, bool enforce_lite);
+
+// Converts a name to camel-case. If cap_first_letter is true, capitalize the
+// first letter.
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const std::string& name,
+                                   bool cap_first_letter);
+// Converts the field's name to camel-case, e.g. "foo_bar_baz" becomes
+// "fooBarBaz" or "FooBarBaz", respectively.
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+std::string UnderscoresToCapitalizedCamelCase(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+// Similar, but for method names.  (Typically, this merely has the effect
+// of lower-casing the first letter of the name.)
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const MethodDescriptor* method);
+
+// Same as UnderscoresToCamelCase, but checks for reserved keywords
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCaseCheckReserved(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+// Similar to UnderscoresToCamelCase, but guarentees that the result is a
+// complete Java identifier by adding a _ if needed.
+std::string CamelCaseFieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+// Get an identifier that uniquely identifies this type within the file.
+// This is used to declare static variables related to this type at the
+// outermost file scope.
+std::string UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Strips ".proto" or ".protodevel" from the end of a filename.
+std::string StripProto(const std::string& filename);
+
+// Gets the unqualified class name for the file.  For each .proto file, there
+// will be one Java class containing all the immutable messages and another
+// Java class containing all the mutable messages.
+// TODO(xiaofeng): remove the default value after updating client code.
+std::string FileClassName(const FileDescriptor* file, bool immutable = true);
+
+// Returns the file's Java package name.
+std::string FileJavaPackage(const FileDescriptor* file);
+std::string FileJavaPackage(const FileDescriptor* file, bool immutable);
+
+// Returns output directory for the given package name.
+std::string JavaPackageToDir(std::string package_name);
+
+// TODO(xiaofeng): the following methods are kept for they are exposed
+// publicly in //net/proto2/compiler/java/public/names.h. They return
+// immutable names only and should be removed after mutable API is
+// integrated into google3.
+std::string ClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+std::string ClassName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor);
+std::string ClassName(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor);
+std::string ClassName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Comma-separate list of option-specified interfaces implemented by the
+// Message, to follow the "implements" declaration of the Message definition.
+std::string ExtraMessageInterfaces(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+// Comma-separate list of option-specified interfaces implemented by the
+// MutableMessage, to follow the "implements" declaration of the MutableMessage
+// definition.
+std::string ExtraMutableMessageInterfaces(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+// Comma-separate list of option-specified interfaces implemented by the
+// Builder, to follow the "implements" declaration of the Builder definition.
+std::string ExtraBuilderInterfaces(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+// Comma-separate list of option-specified interfaces extended by the
+// MessageOrBuilder, to follow the "extends" declaration of the
+// MessageOrBuilder definition.
+std::string ExtraMessageOrBuilderInterfaces(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Get the unqualified Java class name for mutable messages. i.e. without
+// package or outer classnames.
+inline std::string ShortMutableJavaClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->name();
+}
+
+// Whether the given descriptor is for one of the core descriptor protos. We
+// cannot currently use the new runtime with core protos since there is a
+// bootstrapping problem with obtaining their descriptors.
+inline bool IsDescriptorProto(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->file()->name() == "net/proto2/proto/descriptor.proto" ||
+         descriptor->file()->name() == "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+}
+
+// Returns the stored type string used by the experimental runtime for oneof
+// fields.
+std::string GetOneofStoredType(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+
+// Whether we should generate multiple java files for messages.
+inline bool MultipleJavaFiles(const FileDescriptor* descriptor,
+                              bool immutable) {
+  return descriptor->options().java_multiple_files();
+}
+
+
+// Returns true if `descriptor` will be written to its own .java file.
+// `immutable` should be set to true if we're generating for the immutable API.
+template <typename Descriptor>
+bool IsOwnFile(const Descriptor* descriptor, bool immutable) {
+  return descriptor->containing_type() == NULL &&
+         MultipleJavaFiles(descriptor->file(), immutable);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool IsOwnFile(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor, bool immutable) {
+  return MultipleJavaFiles(descriptor->file(), immutable);
+}
+
+// If `descriptor` describes an object with its own .java file,
+// returns the name (relative to that .java file) of the file that stores
+// annotation data for that descriptor. `suffix` is usually empty, but may
+// (e.g.) be "OrBuilder" for some generated interfaces.
+template <typename Descriptor>
+std::string AnnotationFileName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                               const std::string& suffix) {
+  return descriptor->name() + suffix + ".java.pb.meta";
+}
+
+template <typename Descriptor>
+void MaybePrintGeneratedAnnotation(Context* context, io::Printer* printer,
+                                   Descriptor* descriptor, bool immutable,
+                                   const std::string& suffix = "") {
+  if (context->options().annotate_code && IsOwnFile(descriptor, immutable)) {
+    PrintGeneratedAnnotation(printer, '$',
+                             AnnotationFileName(descriptor, suffix));
+  }
+}
+
+// Get the unqualified name that should be used for a field's field
+// number constant.
+std::string FieldConstantName(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+// Returns the type of the FieldDescriptor.
+// This does nothing interesting for the open source release, but is used for
+// hacks that improve compatibility with version 1 protocol buffers at Google.
+FieldDescriptor::Type GetType(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+enum JavaType {
+  JAVATYPE_INT,
+  JAVATYPE_LONG,
+  JAVATYPE_FLOAT,
+  JAVATYPE_DOUBLE,
+  JAVATYPE_BOOLEAN,
+  JAVATYPE_STRING,
+  JAVATYPE_BYTES,
+  JAVATYPE_ENUM,
+  JAVATYPE_MESSAGE
+};
+
+JavaType GetJavaType(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+const char* PrimitiveTypeName(JavaType type);
+
+// Get the fully-qualified class name for a boxed primitive type, e.g.
+// "java.lang.Integer" for JAVATYPE_INT.  Returns NULL for enum and message
+// types.
+const char* BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(JavaType type);
+
+// Get the name of the java enum constant representing this type. E.g.,
+// "INT32" for FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32. The enum constant's full
+// name is "com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FieldType.INT32".
+const char* FieldTypeName(const FieldDescriptor::Type field_type);
+
+class ClassNameResolver;
+std::string DefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor* field, bool immutable,
+                         ClassNameResolver* name_resolver);
+inline std::string ImmutableDefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                         ClassNameResolver* name_resolver) {
+  return DefaultValue(field, true, name_resolver);
+}
+bool IsDefaultValueJavaDefault(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+bool IsByteStringWithCustomDefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+// Does this message class have descriptor and reflection methods?
+inline bool HasDescriptorMethods(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                 bool enforce_lite) {
+  return !enforce_lite;
+}
+inline bool HasDescriptorMethods(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                 bool enforce_lite) {
+  return !enforce_lite;
+}
+inline bool HasDescriptorMethods(const FileDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                 bool enforce_lite) {
+  return !enforce_lite;
+}
+
+// Should we generate generic services for this file?
+inline bool HasGenericServices(const FileDescriptor* file, bool enforce_lite) {
+  return file->service_count() > 0 &&
+         HasDescriptorMethods(file, enforce_lite) &&
+         file->options().java_generic_services();
+}
+
+// Methods for shared bitfields.
+
+// Gets the name of the shared bitfield for the given index.
+std::string GetBitFieldName(int index);
+
+// Gets the name of the shared bitfield for the given bit index.
+// Effectively, GetBitFieldName(bitIndex / 32)
+std::string GetBitFieldNameForBit(int bitIndex);
+
+// Generates the java code for the expression that returns the boolean value
+// of the bit of the shared bitfields for the given bit index.
+// Example: "((bitField1_ & 0x04) == 0x04)"
+std::string GenerateGetBit(int bitIndex);
+
+// Generates the java code for the expression that sets the bit of the shared
+// bitfields for the given bit index.
+// Example: "bitField1_ = (bitField1_ | 0x04)"
+std::string GenerateSetBit(int bitIndex);
+
+// Generates the java code for the expression that clears the bit of the shared
+// bitfields for the given bit index.
+// Example: "bitField1_ = (bitField1_ & ~0x04)"
+std::string GenerateClearBit(int bitIndex);
+
+// Does the same as GenerateGetBit but operates on the bit field on a local
+// variable. This is used by the builder to copy the value in the builder to
+// the message.
+// Example: "((from_bitField1_ & 0x04) == 0x04)"
+std::string GenerateGetBitFromLocal(int bitIndex);
+
+// Does the same as GenerateSetBit but operates on the bit field on a local
+// variable. This is used by the builder to copy the value in the builder to
+// the message.
+// Example: "to_bitField1_ = (to_bitField1_ | 0x04)"
+std::string GenerateSetBitToLocal(int bitIndex);
+
+// Does the same as GenerateGetBit but operates on the bit field on a local
+// variable. This is used by the parsing constructor to record if a repeated
+// field is mutable.
+// Example: "((mutable_bitField1_ & 0x04) == 0x04)"
+std::string GenerateGetBitMutableLocal(int bitIndex);
+
+// Does the same as GenerateSetBit but operates on the bit field on a local
+// variable. This is used by the parsing constructor to record if a repeated
+// field is mutable.
+// Example: "mutable_bitField1_ = (mutable_bitField1_ | 0x04)"
+std::string GenerateSetBitMutableLocal(int bitIndex);
+
+// Returns whether the JavaType is a reference type.
+bool IsReferenceType(JavaType type);
+
+// Returns the capitalized name for calling relative functions in
+// CodedInputStream
+const char* GetCapitalizedType(const FieldDescriptor* field, bool immutable);
+
+// For encodings with fixed sizes, returns that size in bytes.  Otherwise
+// returns -1.
+int FixedSize(FieldDescriptor::Type type);
+
+// Comparators used to sort fields in MessageGenerator
+struct FieldOrderingByNumber {
+  inline bool operator()(const FieldDescriptor* a,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* b) const {
+    return a->number() < b->number();
+  }
+};
+
+struct ExtensionRangeOrdering {
+  bool operator()(const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* a,
+                  const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* b) const {
+    return a->start < b->start;
+  }
+};
+
+// Sort the fields of the given Descriptor by number into a new[]'d array
+// and return it. The caller should delete the returned array.
+const FieldDescriptor** SortFieldsByNumber(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Does this message class have any packed fields?
+inline bool HasPackedFields(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (descriptor->field(i)->is_packed()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Check a message type and its sub-message types recursively to see if any of
+// them has a required field. Return true if a required field is found.
+bool HasRequiredFields(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Whether a .proto file supports field presence test for non-message types.
+inline bool SupportFieldPresence(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->syntax() != FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+}
+
+// Whether generate classes expose public PARSER instances.
+inline bool ExposePublicParser(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // TODO(liujisi): Mark the PARSER private in 3.1.x releases.
+  return descriptor->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2;
+}
+
+// Whether unknown enum values are kept (i.e., not stored in UnknownFieldSet
+// but in the message and can be queried using additional getters that return
+// ints.
+inline bool SupportUnknownEnumValue(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+}
+
+// Check whether a message has repeated fields.
+bool HasRepeatedFields(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+inline bool IsMapEntry(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->options().map_entry();
+}
+
+inline bool IsMapField(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->is_map();
+}
+
+inline bool IsAnyMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->full_name() == "google.protobuf.Any";
+}
+
+inline bool IsWrappersProtoFile(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->name() == "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+}
+
+inline bool CheckUtf8(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3 ||
+         descriptor->file()->options().java_string_check_utf8();
+}
+
+inline std::string GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix() {
+  return "V3";
+}
+
+void WriteUInt32ToUtf16CharSequence(uint32 number, std::vector<uint16>* output);
+
+inline void WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(int value,
+                                        std::vector<uint16>* output) {
+  WriteUInt32ToUtf16CharSequence(static_cast<uint32>(value), output);
+}
+
+// Escape a UTF-16 character so it can be embedded in a Java string literal.
+void EscapeUtf16ToString(uint16 code, std::string* output);
+
+// Only the lowest two bytes of the return value are used. The lowest byte
+// is the integer value of a j/c/g/protobuf/FieldType enum. For the other
+// byte:
+//    bit 0: whether the field is required.
+//    bit 1: whether the field requires UTF-8 validation.
+//    bit 2: whether the field needs isInitialized check.
+//    bit 3: whether the field is a map field with proto2 enum value.
+//    bits 4-7: unused
+int GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+// To get the total number of entries need to be built for experimental runtime
+// and the first field number that are not in the table part
+std::pair<int, int> GetTableDrivenNumberOfEntriesAndLookUpStartFieldNumber(
+    const FieldDescriptor** fields, int count);
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_HELPERS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..535374587
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,760 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+
+const FieldDescriptor* KeyField(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, descriptor->type());
+  const Descriptor* message = descriptor->message_type();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(message->options().map_entry());
+  return message->FindFieldByName("key");
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* ValueField(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, descriptor->type());
+  const Descriptor* message = descriptor->message_type();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(message->options().map_entry());
+  return message->FindFieldByName("value");
+}
+
+std::string TypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                     ClassNameResolver* name_resolver, bool boxed) {
+  if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(field->message_type());
+  } else if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    return name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(field->enum_type());
+  } else {
+    return boxed ? BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(field))
+                 : PrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(field));
+  }
+}
+
+std::string WireType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return "com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FieldType." +
+         std::string(FieldTypeName(field->type()));
+}
+
+void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+                         int builderBitIndex, const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                         Context* context,
+                         std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver = context->GetNameResolver();
+
+  (*variables)["type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor->message_type());
+  const FieldDescriptor* key = KeyField(descriptor);
+  const FieldDescriptor* value = ValueField(descriptor);
+  const JavaType keyJavaType = GetJavaType(key);
+  const JavaType valueJavaType = GetJavaType(value);
+
+  (*variables)["key_type"] = TypeName(key, name_resolver, false);
+  std::string boxed_key_type = TypeName(key, name_resolver, true);
+  (*variables)["boxed_key_type"] = boxed_key_type;
+  // Used for calling the serialization function.
+  (*variables)["short_key_type"] =
+      boxed_key_type.substr(boxed_key_type.rfind('.') + 1);
+  (*variables)["key_wire_type"] = WireType(key);
+  (*variables)["key_default_value"] = DefaultValue(key, true, name_resolver);
+  (*variables)["key_null_check"] =
+      IsReferenceType(keyJavaType)
+          ? "if (key == null) { throw new java.lang.NullPointerException(); }"
+          : "";
+  (*variables)["value_null_check"] =
+      IsReferenceType(valueJavaType)
+          ? "if (value == null) { throw new java.lang.NullPointerException(); }"
+          : "";
+  if (valueJavaType == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    // We store enums as Integers internally.
+    (*variables)["value_type"] = "int";
+    (*variables)["boxed_value_type"] = "java.lang.Integer";
+    (*variables)["value_wire_type"] = WireType(value);
+    (*variables)["value_default_value"] =
+        DefaultValue(value, true, name_resolver) + ".getNumber()";
+
+    (*variables)["value_enum_type"] = TypeName(value, name_resolver, false);
+
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor->file())) {
+      // Map unknown values to a special UNRECOGNIZED value if supported.
+      (*variables)["unrecognized_value"] =
+          (*variables)["value_enum_type"] + ".UNRECOGNIZED";
+    } else {
+      // Map unknown values to the default value if we don't have UNRECOGNIZED.
+      (*variables)["unrecognized_value"] =
+          DefaultValue(value, true, name_resolver);
+    }
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["value_type"] = TypeName(value, name_resolver, false);
+    (*variables)["boxed_value_type"] = TypeName(value, name_resolver, true);
+    (*variables)["value_wire_type"] = WireType(value);
+    (*variables)["value_default_value"] =
+        DefaultValue(value, true, name_resolver);
+  }
+  (*variables)["type_parameters"] =
+      (*variables)["boxed_key_type"] + ", " + (*variables)["boxed_value_type"];
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] =
+      descriptor->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+  (*variables)["on_changed"] = "onChanged();";
+
+  // For repeated fields, one bit is used for whether the array is immutable
+  // in the parsing constructor.
+  (*variables)["get_mutable_bit_parser"] =
+      GenerateGetBitMutableLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_mutable_bit_parser"] =
+      GenerateSetBitMutableLocal(builderBitIndex);
+
+  (*variables)["default_entry"] =
+      (*variables)["capitalized_name"] + "DefaultEntryHolder.defaultEntry";
+  (*variables)["map_field_parameter"] = (*variables)["default_entry"];
+  (*variables)["descriptor"] =
+      name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor->file()) + ".internal_" +
+      UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor->message_type()) + "_descriptor, ";
+  (*variables)["ver"] = GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::ImmutableMapFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                      context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor), context,
+                      &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::~ImmutableMapFieldGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const { return 0; }
+
+int ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const { return 1; }
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$();\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$boolean ${$contains$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    $key_type$ key);\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "/**\n"
+                   " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$Map()} instead.\n"
+                   " */\n"
+                   "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+                   "java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$$}$();\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+        "${$get$capitalized_name$Map$}$();\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$$value_enum_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrDefault$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+        "    $value_enum_type$ defaultValue);\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$$value_enum_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrThrow$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key);\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "/**\n"
+          " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$ValueMap()} instead.\n"
+          " */\n"
+          "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+          "java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
+          "${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$();\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+                     "$deprecation$java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
+                     "${$get$capitalized_name$ValueMap$}$();\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+                     "$deprecation$\n"
+                     "$value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$ValueOrDefault$}$(\n"
+                     "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+                     "    $value_type$ defaultValue);\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+                     "$deprecation$\n"
+                     "$value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$ValueOrThrow$}$(\n"
+                     "    $key_type$ key);\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    }
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "/**\n"
+                   " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$Map()} instead.\n"
+                   " */\n"
+                   "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+                   "java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$$}$();\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$Map$}$();\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$\n"
+                   "$value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrDefault$}$(\n"
+                   "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+                   "    $value_type$ defaultValue);\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$\n"
+                   "$value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrThrow$}$(\n"
+                   "    $key_type$ key);\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private static final class $capitalized_name$DefaultEntryHolder {\n"
+      "  static final com.google.protobuf.MapEntry<\n"
+      "      $type_parameters$> defaultEntry =\n"
+      "          com.google.protobuf.MapEntry\n"
+      "          .<$type_parameters$>newDefaultInstance(\n"
+      "              $descriptor$\n"
+      "              $key_wire_type$,\n"
+      "              $key_default_value$,\n"
+      "              $value_wire_type$,\n"
+      "              $value_default_value$);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private com.google.protobuf.MapField<\n"
+                 "    $type_parameters$> $name$_;\n"
+                 "private com.google.protobuf.MapField<$type_parameters$>\n"
+                 "internalGet$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($name$_ == null) {\n"
+                 "    return com.google.protobuf.MapField.emptyMapField(\n"
+                 "        $map_field_parameter$);\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  return $name$_;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  if (GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "private static final\n"
+        "com.google.protobuf.Internal.MapAdapter.Converter<\n"
+        "    java.lang.Integer, $value_enum_type$> $name$ValueConverter =\n"
+        "        com.google.protobuf.Internal.MapAdapter.newEnumConverter(\n"
+        "            $value_enum_type$.internalGetValueMap(),\n"
+        "            $unrecognized_value$);\n");
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "private static final java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, "
+        "$value_enum_type$>\n"
+        "internalGetAdapted$capitalized_name$Map(\n"
+        "    java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$> map) {\n"
+        "  return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.MapAdapter<\n"
+        "      $boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$, java.lang.Integer>(\n"
+        "          map, $name$ValueConverter);\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+  GenerateMapGetters(printer);
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private com.google.protobuf.MapField<\n"
+                 "    $type_parameters$> $name$_;\n"
+                 "private com.google.protobuf.MapField<$type_parameters$>\n"
+                 "internalGet$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($name$_ == null) {\n"
+                 "    return com.google.protobuf.MapField.emptyMapField(\n"
+                 "        $map_field_parameter$);\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  return $name$_;\n"
+                 "}\n"
+                 "private com.google.protobuf.MapField<$type_parameters$>\n"
+                 "internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$;\n"
+                 "  if ($name$_ == null) {\n"
+                 "    $name$_ = com.google.protobuf.MapField.newMapField(\n"
+                 "        $map_field_parameter$);\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  if (!$name$_.isMutable()) {\n"
+                 "    $name$_ = $name$_.copy();\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  return $name$_;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  GenerateMapGetters(printer);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$\n"
+                 "public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap()\n"
+                 "      .clear();\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$\n"
+                 "public Builder ${$remove$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    $key_type$ key) {\n"
+                 "  $key_null_check$\n"
+                 "  internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap()\n"
+                 "      .remove(key);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "/**\n"
+        " * Use alternate mutation accessors instead.\n"
+        " */\n"
+        "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+        "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+        "${$getMutable$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return internalGetAdapted$capitalized_name$Map(\n"
+        "       internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap());\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$public Builder ${$put$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                   "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+                   "    $value_enum_type$ value) {\n"
+                   "  $key_null_check$\n"
+                   "  $value_null_check$\n"
+                   "  internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap()\n"
+                   "      .put(key, $name$ValueConverter.doBackward(value));\n"
+                   "  return this;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public Builder ${$putAll$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+        "    java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$> values) {\n"
+        "  internalGetAdapted$capitalized_name$Map(\n"
+        "      internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap())\n"
+        "          .putAll(values);\n"
+        "  return this;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "/**\n"
+          " * Use alternate mutation accessors instead.\n"
+          " */\n"
+          "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+          "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
+          "${$getMutable$capitalized_name$Value$}$() {\n"
+          "  return internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap();\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "$deprecation$public Builder ${$put$capitalized_name$Value$}$(\n"
+          "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+          "    $value_type$ value) {\n"
+          "  $key_null_check$\n"
+          "  internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap()\n"
+          "      .put(key, value);\n"
+          "  return this;\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "$deprecation$public Builder ${$putAll$capitalized_name$Value$}$(\n"
+          "    java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$> values) {\n"
+          "  internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap()\n"
+          "      .putAll(values);\n"
+          "  return this;\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    }
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "/**\n"
+        " * Use alternate mutation accessors instead.\n"
+        " */\n"
+        "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+        "public java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
+        "${$getMutable$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap();\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$"
+                   "public Builder ${$put$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                   "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+                   "    $value_type$ value) {\n"
+                   "  $key_null_check$\n"
+                   "  $value_null_check$\n"
+                   "  internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap()\n"
+                   "      .put(key, value);\n"
+                   "  return this;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$\n"
+                   "public Builder ${$putAll$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                   "    java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> values) {\n"
+                   "  internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap()\n"
+                   "      .putAll(values);\n"
+                   "  return this;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateMapGetters(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$\n"
+                 "public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap().size();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$\n"
+      "public boolean ${$contains$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+      "    $key_type$ key) {\n"
+      "  $key_null_check$\n"
+      "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap().containsKey(key);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "/**\n"
+                   " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$Map()} instead.\n"
+                   " */\n"
+                   "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+                   "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return get$capitalized_name$Map();\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$\n"
+                   "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$Map$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return internalGetAdapted$capitalized_name$Map(\n"
+                   "      internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap());"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$\n"
+        "public $value_enum_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrDefault$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+        "    $value_enum_type$ defaultValue) {\n"
+        "  $key_null_check$\n"
+        "  java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$> map =\n"
+        "      internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap();\n"
+        "  return map.containsKey(key)\n"
+        "         ? $name$ValueConverter.doForward(map.get(key))\n"
+        "         : defaultValue;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$\n"
+        "public $value_enum_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrThrow$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key) {\n"
+        "  $key_null_check$\n"
+        "  java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$> map =\n"
+        "      internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap();\n"
+        "  if (!map.containsKey(key)) {\n"
+        "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return $name$ValueConverter.doForward(map.get(key));\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "/**\n"
+          " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$ValueMap()} instead.\n"
+          " */\n"
+          "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+          "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
+          "${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$() {\n"
+          "  return get$capitalized_name$ValueMap();\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "$deprecation$\n"
+          "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
+          "${$get$capitalized_name$ValueMap$}$() {\n"
+          "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap();\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "$deprecation$\n"
+          "public $value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$ValueOrDefault$}$(\n"
+          "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+          "    $value_type$ defaultValue) {\n"
+          "  $key_null_check$\n"
+          "  java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$> map =\n"
+          "      internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap();\n"
+          "  return map.containsKey(key) ? map.get(key) : defaultValue;\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "$deprecation$\n"
+          "public $value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$ValueOrThrow$}$(\n"
+          "    $key_type$ key) {\n"
+          "  $key_null_check$\n"
+          "  java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$> map =\n"
+          "      internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap();\n"
+          "  if (!map.containsKey(key)) {\n"
+          "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "  return map.get(key);\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    }
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "/**\n"
+                   " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$Map()} instead.\n"
+                   " */\n"
+                   "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+                   "public java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> "
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return get$capitalized_name$Map();\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$\n"
+                   "public java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> "
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$Map$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap();\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$\n"
+        "public $value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrDefault$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+        "    $value_type$ defaultValue) {\n"
+        "  $key_null_check$\n"
+        "  java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> map =\n"
+        "      internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap();\n"
+        "  return map.containsKey(key) ? map.get(key) : defaultValue;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$\n"
+                   "public $value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrThrow$}$(\n"
+                   "    $key_type$ key) {\n"
+                   "  $key_null_check$\n"
+                   "  java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> map =\n"
+                   "      internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap();\n"
+                   "  if (!map.containsKey(key)) {\n"
+                   "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();\n"
+                   "  }\n"
+                   "  return map.get(key);\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Nothing to initialize.
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Nothing to initialize.
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderClearCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().clear();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().mergeFrom(\n"
+                 "    other.internalGet$capitalized_name$());\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateBuildingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "result.$name$_ = internalGet$capitalized_name$();\n"
+                 "result.$name$_.makeImmutable();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (!$get_mutable_bit_parser$) {\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = com.google.protobuf.MapField.newMapField(\n"
+                 "      $map_field_parameter$);\n"
+                 "  $set_mutable_bit_parser$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  if (!SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file()) &&
+      GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "com.google.protobuf.ByteString bytes = input.readBytes();\n"
+        "com.google.protobuf.MapEntry<$type_parameters$>\n"
+        "$name$__ = $default_entry$.getParserForType().parseFrom(bytes);\n");
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "if ($value_enum_type$.forNumber($name$__.getValue()) == null) {\n"
+        "  unknownFields.mergeLengthDelimitedField($number$, bytes);\n"
+        "} else {\n"
+        "  $name$_.getMutableMap().put(\n"
+        "      $name$__.getKey(), $name$__.getValue());\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "com.google.protobuf.MapEntry<$type_parameters$>\n"
+        "$name$__ = input.readMessage(\n"
+        "    $default_entry$.getParserForType(), extensionRegistry);\n"
+        "$name$_.getMutableMap().put(\n"
+        "    $name$__.getKey(), $name$__.getValue());\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingDoneCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Nothing to do here.
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$\n"
+                 "  .serialize$short_key_type$MapTo(\n"
+                 "    output,\n"
+                 "    internalGet$capitalized_name$(),\n"
+                 "    $default_entry$,\n"
+                 "    $number$);\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "for (java.util.Map.Entry<$type_parameters$> entry\n"
+      "     : internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap().entrySet()) {\n"
+      "  com.google.protobuf.MapEntry<$type_parameters$>\n"
+      "  $name$__ = $default_entry$.newBuilderForType()\n"
+      "      .setKey(entry.getKey())\n"
+      "      .setValue(entry.getValue())\n"
+      "      .build();\n"
+      "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+      "      .computeMessageSize($number$, $name$__);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateEqualsCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (!internalGet$capitalized_name$().equals(\n"
+                 "    other.internalGet$capitalized_name$())) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if (!internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap().isEmpty()) {\n"
+      "  hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+      "  hash = (53 * hash) + internalGet$capitalized_name$().hashCode();\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+std::string ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->message_type());
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ff1f7673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MAP_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MAP_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableMapFieldGenerator : public ImmutableFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableMapFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                      int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+                                      Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableMapFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+  void GenerateMapGetters(io::Printer* printer) const;
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MAP_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8236f3a45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,803 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+
+const FieldDescriptor* KeyField(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, descriptor->type());
+  const Descriptor* message = descriptor->message_type();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(message->options().map_entry());
+  return message->FindFieldByName("key");
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* ValueField(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, descriptor->type());
+  const Descriptor* message = descriptor->message_type();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(message->options().map_entry());
+  return message->FindFieldByName("value");
+}
+
+std::string TypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                     ClassNameResolver* name_resolver, bool boxed) {
+  if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(field->message_type());
+  } else if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    return name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(field->enum_type());
+  } else {
+    return boxed ? BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(field))
+                 : PrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(field));
+  }
+}
+
+std::string WireType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return "com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FieldType." +
+         std::string(FieldTypeName(field->type()));
+}
+
+void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+                         int builderBitIndex, const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                         Context* context,
+                         std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver = context->GetNameResolver();
+  (*variables)["type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor->message_type());
+  const FieldDescriptor* key = KeyField(descriptor);
+  const FieldDescriptor* value = ValueField(descriptor);
+  const JavaType keyJavaType = GetJavaType(key);
+  const JavaType valueJavaType = GetJavaType(value);
+
+  (*variables)["key_type"] = TypeName(key, name_resolver, false);
+  (*variables)["boxed_key_type"] = TypeName(key, name_resolver, true);
+  (*variables)["key_wire_type"] = WireType(key);
+  (*variables)["key_default_value"] = DefaultValue(key, true, name_resolver);
+  // We use `x.getClass()` as a null check because it generates less bytecode
+  // than an `if (x == null) { throw ... }` statement.
+  (*variables)["key_null_check"] =
+      IsReferenceType(keyJavaType) ? "key.getClass();" : "";
+  (*variables)["value_null_check"] =
+      IsReferenceType(valueJavaType) ? "value.getClass();" : "";
+
+  if (GetJavaType(value) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    // We store enums as Integers internally.
+    (*variables)["value_type"] = "int";
+    (*variables)["boxed_value_type"] = "java.lang.Integer";
+    (*variables)["value_wire_type"] = WireType(value);
+    (*variables)["value_default_value"] =
+        DefaultValue(value, true, name_resolver) + ".getNumber()";
+
+    (*variables)["value_enum_type"] = TypeName(value, name_resolver, false);
+
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor->file())) {
+      // Map unknown values to a special UNRECOGNIZED value if supported.
+      (*variables)["unrecognized_value"] =
+          (*variables)["value_enum_type"] + ".UNRECOGNIZED";
+    } else {
+      // Map unknown values to the default value if we don't have UNRECOGNIZED.
+      (*variables)["unrecognized_value"] =
+          DefaultValue(value, true, name_resolver);
+    }
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["value_type"] = TypeName(value, name_resolver, false);
+    (*variables)["boxed_value_type"] = TypeName(value, name_resolver, true);
+    (*variables)["value_wire_type"] = WireType(value);
+    (*variables)["value_default_value"] =
+        DefaultValue(value, true, name_resolver);
+  }
+  (*variables)["type_parameters"] =
+      (*variables)["boxed_key_type"] + ", " + (*variables)["boxed_value_type"];
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] =
+      descriptor->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+
+  (*variables)["default_entry"] =
+      (*variables)["capitalized_name"] + "DefaultEntryHolder.defaultEntry";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      context_(context),
+      name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, 0,
+                      context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor), context,
+                      &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::~ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const { return 0; }
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$();\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$boolean ${$contains$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    $key_type$ key);\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "/**\n"
+                   " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$Map()} instead.\n"
+                   " */\n"
+                   "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+                   "java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$$}$();\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+        "${$get$capitalized_name$Map$}$();\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$$value_enum_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrDefault$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+        "    $value_enum_type$ defaultValue);\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$$value_enum_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrThrow$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key);\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "/**\n"
+          " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$ValueMap()} instead.\n"
+          " */\n"
+          "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+          "java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
+          "${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$();\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+                     "$deprecation$java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
+                     "${$get$capitalized_name$ValueMap$}$();\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+                     "$deprecation$\n"
+                     "$value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$ValueOrDefault$}$(\n"
+                     "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+                     "    $value_type$ defaultValue);\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+                     "$deprecation$\n"
+                     "$value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$ValueOrThrow$}$(\n"
+                     "    $key_type$ key);\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    }
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "/**\n"
+                   " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$Map()} instead.\n"
+                   " */\n"
+                   "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+                   "java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$$}$();\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$Map$}$();\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$\n"
+                   "$value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrDefault$}$(\n"
+                   "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+                   "    $value_type$ defaultValue);\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$\n"
+                   "$value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrThrow$}$(\n"
+                   "    $key_type$ key);\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private static final class $capitalized_name$DefaultEntryHolder {\n"
+      "  static final com.google.protobuf.MapEntryLite<\n"
+      "      $type_parameters$> defaultEntry =\n"
+      "          com.google.protobuf.MapEntryLite\n"
+      "          .<$type_parameters$>newDefaultInstance(\n"
+      "              $key_wire_type$,\n"
+      "              $key_default_value$,\n"
+      "              $value_wire_type$,\n"
+      "              $value_default_value$);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private com.google.protobuf.MapFieldLite<\n"
+                 "    $type_parameters$> $name$_ =\n"
+                 "        com.google.protobuf.MapFieldLite.emptyMapField();\n"
+                 "private com.google.protobuf.MapFieldLite<$type_parameters$>\n"
+                 "internalGet$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_;\n"
+                 "}\n"
+                 "private com.google.protobuf.MapFieldLite<$type_parameters$>\n"
+                 "internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  if (!$name$_.isMutable()) {\n"
+                 "    $name$_ = $name$_.mutableCopy();\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  return $name$_;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$\n"
+                 "public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$().size();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$\n"
+                 "public boolean ${$contains$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    $key_type$ key) {\n"
+                 "  $key_null_check$\n"
+                 "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$().containsKey(key);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "private static final\n"
+        "com.google.protobuf.Internal.MapAdapter.Converter<\n"
+        "    java.lang.Integer, $value_enum_type$> $name$ValueConverter =\n"
+        "        com.google.protobuf.Internal.MapAdapter.newEnumConverter(\n"
+        "            $value_enum_type$.internalGetValueMap(),\n"
+        "            $unrecognized_value$);\n");
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "/**\n"
+                   " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$Map()} instead.\n"
+                   " */\n"
+                   "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+                   "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return get$capitalized_name$Map();\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$\n"
+        "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+        "${$get$capitalized_name$Map$}$() {\n"
+        "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableMap(\n"
+        "      new com.google.protobuf.Internal.MapAdapter<\n"
+        "        $boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$, java.lang.Integer>(\n"
+        "            internalGet$capitalized_name$(),\n"
+        "            $name$ValueConverter));\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$\n"
+        "public $value_enum_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrDefault$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+        "    $value_enum_type$ defaultValue) {\n"
+        "  $key_null_check$\n"
+        "  java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$> map =\n"
+        "      internalGet$capitalized_name$();\n"
+        "  return map.containsKey(key)\n"
+        "         ? $name$ValueConverter.doForward(map.get(key))\n"
+        "         : defaultValue;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$\n"
+        "public $value_enum_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrThrow$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key) {\n"
+        "  $key_null_check$\n"
+        "  java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$> map =\n"
+        "      internalGet$capitalized_name$();\n"
+        "  if (!map.containsKey(key)) {\n"
+        "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return $name$ValueConverter.doForward(map.get(key));\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "/**\n"
+          " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$ValueMap()} instead.\n"
+          " */\n"
+          "@java.lang.Override\n"
+          "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+          "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
+          "${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$() {\n"
+          "  return get$capitalized_name$ValueMap();\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "@java.lang.Override\n"
+          "$deprecation$\n"
+          "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
+          "${$get$capitalized_name$ValueMap$}$() {\n"
+          "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableMap(\n"
+          "      internalGet$capitalized_name$());\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "@java.lang.Override\n"
+          "$deprecation$\n"
+          "public $value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$ValueOrDefault$}$(\n"
+          "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+          "    $value_type$ defaultValue) {\n"
+          "  $key_null_check$\n"
+          "  java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$> map =\n"
+          "      internalGet$capitalized_name$();\n"
+          "  return map.containsKey(key) ? map.get(key) : defaultValue;\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "@java.lang.Override\n"
+          "$deprecation$\n"
+          "public $value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$ValueOrThrow$}$(\n"
+          "    $key_type$ key) {\n"
+          "  $key_null_check$\n"
+          "  java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$> map =\n"
+          "      internalGet$capitalized_name$();\n"
+          "  if (!map.containsKey(key)) {\n"
+          "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "  return map.get(key);\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    }
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "/**\n"
+                   " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$Map()} instead.\n"
+                   " */\n"
+                   "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                   "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+                   "public java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> "
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return get$capitalized_name$Map();\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                   "$deprecation$\n"
+                   "public java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> "
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$Map$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableMap(\n"
+                   "      internalGet$capitalized_name$());\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$\n"
+        "public $value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrDefault$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+        "    $value_type$ defaultValue) {\n"
+        "  $key_null_check$\n"
+        "  java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> map =\n"
+        "      internalGet$capitalized_name$();\n"
+        "  return map.containsKey(key) ? map.get(key) : defaultValue;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                   "$deprecation$\n"
+                   "public $value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrThrow$}$(\n"
+                   "    $key_type$ key) {\n"
+                   "  $key_null_check$\n"
+                   "  java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> map =\n"
+                   "      internalGet$capitalized_name$();\n"
+                   "  if (!map.containsKey(key)) {\n"
+                   "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();\n"
+                   "  }\n"
+                   "  return map.get(key);\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  // Generate private setters for the builder to proxy into.
+  if (GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "private java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+        "getMutable$capitalized_name$Map() {\n"
+        "  return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.MapAdapter<\n"
+        "      $boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$, java.lang.Integer>(\n"
+        "          internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$(),\n"
+        "          $name$ValueConverter);\n"
+        "}\n");
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "private java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
+          "getMutable$capitalized_name$ValueMap() {\n"
+          "  return internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$();\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "private java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
+                   "getMutable$capitalized_name$Map() {\n"
+                   "  return internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$();\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateFieldInfo(
+    io::Printer* printer, std::vector<uint16>* output) const {
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->number(), output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(descriptor_),
+                              output);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "\"$name$_\",\n"
+                 "$default_entry$,\n");
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) &&
+      GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    PrintEnumVerifierLogic(printer, ValueField(descriptor_), variables_,
+                           /*var_name=*/"$value_enum_type$",
+                           /*terminating_string=*/",\n",
+                           /*enforce_lite=*/context_->EnforceLite());
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$\n"
+                 "public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Map().size();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$\n"
+      "public boolean ${$contains$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+      "    $key_type$ key) {\n"
+      "  $key_null_check$\n"
+      "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Map().containsKey(key);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$\n"
+                 "public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.getMutable$capitalized_name$Map().clear();\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$\n"
+                 "public Builder ${$remove$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    $key_type$ key) {\n"
+                 "  $key_null_check$\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.getMutable$capitalized_name$Map().remove(key);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "/**\n"
+                   " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$Map()} instead.\n"
+                   " */\n"
+                   "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+                   "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return get$capitalized_name$Map();\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                   "$deprecation$\n"
+                   "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$Map$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableMap(\n"
+                   "      instance.get$capitalized_name$Map());\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$\n"
+        "public $value_enum_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrDefault$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+        "    $value_enum_type$ defaultValue) {\n"
+        "  $key_null_check$\n"
+        "  java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$> map =\n"
+        "      instance.get$capitalized_name$Map();\n"
+        "  return map.containsKey(key)\n"
+        "         ? map.get(key)\n"
+        "         : defaultValue;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$\n"
+        "public $value_enum_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrThrow$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key) {\n"
+        "  $key_null_check$\n"
+        "  java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$> map =\n"
+        "      instance.get$capitalized_name$Map();\n"
+        "  if (!map.containsKey(key)) {\n"
+        "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return map.get(key);\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public Builder ${$put$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+        "    $value_enum_type$ value) {\n"
+        "  $key_null_check$\n"
+        "  $value_null_check$\n"
+        "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+        "  instance.getMutable$capitalized_name$Map().put(key, value);\n"
+        "  return this;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public Builder ${$putAll$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+        "    java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$> values) {\n"
+        "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+        "  instance.getMutable$capitalized_name$Map().putAll(values);\n"
+        "  return this;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "/**\n"
+          " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$ValueMap()} instead.\n"
+          " */\n"
+          "@java.lang.Override\n"
+          "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+          "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
+          "${$get$capitalized_name$Value$}$() {\n"
+          "  return get$capitalized_name$ValueMap();\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "@java.lang.Override\n"
+          "$deprecation$\n"
+          "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
+          "${$get$capitalized_name$ValueMap$}$() {\n"
+          "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableMap(\n"
+          "      instance.get$capitalized_name$ValueMap());\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "@java.lang.Override\n"
+          "$deprecation$\n"
+          "public $value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$ValueOrDefault$}$(\n"
+          "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+          "    $value_type$ defaultValue) {\n"
+          "  $key_null_check$\n"
+          "  java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$> map =\n"
+          "      instance.get$capitalized_name$ValueMap();\n"
+          "  return map.containsKey(key) ? map.get(key) : defaultValue;\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "@java.lang.Override\n"
+          "$deprecation$\n"
+          "public $value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$ValueOrThrow$}$(\n"
+          "    $key_type$ key) {\n"
+          "  $key_null_check$\n"
+          "  java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$> map =\n"
+          "      instance.get$capitalized_name$ValueMap();\n"
+          "  if (!map.containsKey(key)) {\n"
+          "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "  return map.get(key);\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "$deprecation$public Builder ${$put$capitalized_name$Value$}$(\n"
+          "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+          "    $value_type$ value) {\n"
+          "  $key_null_check$\n"
+          "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+          "  instance.getMutable$capitalized_name$ValueMap().put(key, value);\n"
+          "  return this;\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "$deprecation$public Builder ${$putAll$capitalized_name$Value$}$(\n"
+          "    java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$> values) {\n"
+          "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+          "  instance.getMutable$capitalized_name$ValueMap().putAll(values);\n"
+          "  return this;\n"
+          "}\n");
+      printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    }
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "/**\n"
+                   " * Use {@link #get$capitalized_name$Map()} instead.\n"
+                   " */\n"
+                   "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                   "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+                   "public java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> "
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return get$capitalized_name$Map();\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                   "$deprecation$"
+                   "public java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> "
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$Map$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableMap(\n"
+                   "      instance.get$capitalized_name$Map());\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$\n"
+        "public $value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrDefault$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+        "    $value_type$ defaultValue) {\n"
+        "  $key_null_check$\n"
+        "  java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> map =\n"
+        "      instance.get$capitalized_name$Map();\n"
+        "  return map.containsKey(key) ? map.get(key) : defaultValue;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                   "$deprecation$\n"
+                   "public $value_type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$OrThrow$}$(\n"
+                   "    $key_type$ key) {\n"
+                   "  $key_null_check$\n"
+                   "  java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> map =\n"
+                   "      instance.get$capitalized_name$Map();\n"
+                   "  if (!map.containsKey(key)) {\n"
+                   "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();\n"
+                   "  }\n"
+                   "  return map.get(key);\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$"
+        "public Builder ${$put$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+        "    $key_type$ key,\n"
+        "    $value_type$ value) {\n"
+        "  $key_null_check$\n"
+        "  $value_null_check$\n"
+        "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+        "  instance.getMutable$capitalized_name$Map().put(key, value);\n"
+        "  return this;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$"
+        "public Builder ${$putAll$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+        "    java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> values) {\n"
+        "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+        "  instance.getMutable$capitalized_name$Map().putAll(values);\n"
+        "  return this;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Nothing to initialize.
+}
+
+std::string ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->message_type());
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49cbf6cca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MAP_FIELD_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MAP_FIELD_LITE_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                          int messageBitIndex,
+                                          Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldInfo(io::Printer* printer,
+                         std::vector<uint16>* output) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MAP_FIELD_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbf62e58f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1448 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+namespace {
+std::string MapValueImmutableClassdName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                        ClassNameResolver* name_resolver) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_field = descriptor->FindFieldByName("value");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, value_field->type());
+  return name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(value_field->message_type());
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+MessageGenerator::MessageGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor) {}
+
+MessageGenerator::~MessageGenerator() {}
+
+// ===================================================================
+ImmutableMessageGenerator::ImmutableMessageGenerator(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, Context* context)
+    : MessageGenerator(descriptor),
+      context_(context),
+      name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()),
+      field_generators_(descriptor, context_) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->file(), context->EnforceLite()))
+      << "Generator factory error: A non-lite message generator is used to "
+         "generate lite messages.";
+}
+
+ImmutableMessageGenerator::~ImmutableMessageGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateStaticVariables(
+    io::Printer* printer, int* bytecode_estimate) {
+  // Because descriptor.proto (com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos) is
+  // used in the construction of descriptors, we have a tricky bootstrapping
+  // problem.  To help control static initialization order, we make sure all
+  // descriptors and other static data that depends on them are members of
+  // the outermost class in the file.  This way, they will be initialized in
+  // a deterministic order.
+
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+  vars["identifier"] = UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_);
+  vars["index"] = StrCat(descriptor_->index());
+  vars["classname"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_);
+  if (descriptor_->containing_type() != NULL) {
+    vars["parent"] = UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_->containing_type());
+  }
+  if (MultipleJavaFiles(descriptor_->file(), /* immutable = */ true)) {
+    // We can only make these package-private since the classes that use them
+    // are in separate files.
+    vars["private"] = "";
+  } else {
+    vars["private"] = "private ";
+  }
+  if (*bytecode_estimate <= kMaxStaticSize) {
+    vars["final"] = "final ";
+  } else {
+    vars["final"] = "";
+  }
+
+  // The descriptor for this type.
+  printer->Print(
+      vars,
+      // TODO(teboring): final needs to be added back. The way to fix it is to
+      // generate methods that can construct the types, and then still declare
+      // the types, and then init them in clinit with the new method calls.
+      "$private$static $final$com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor\n"
+      "  internal_$identifier$_descriptor;\n");
+  *bytecode_estimate += 30;
+
+  // And the FieldAccessorTable.
+  GenerateFieldAccessorTable(printer, bytecode_estimate);
+
+  // Generate static members for all nested types.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    // TODO(kenton):  Reuse MessageGenerator objects?
+    ImmutableMessageGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i), context_)
+        .GenerateStaticVariables(printer, bytecode_estimate);
+  }
+}
+
+int ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  int bytecode_estimate = 0;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+  vars["identifier"] = UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_);
+  vars["index"] = StrCat(descriptor_->index());
+  vars["classname"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_);
+  if (descriptor_->containing_type() != NULL) {
+    vars["parent"] = UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_->containing_type());
+  }
+
+  // The descriptor for this type.
+  if (descriptor_->containing_type() == NULL) {
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "internal_$identifier$_descriptor =\n"
+                   "  getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get($index$);\n");
+    bytecode_estimate += 30;
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "internal_$identifier$_descriptor =\n"
+        "  internal_$parent$_descriptor.getNestedTypes().get($index$);\n");
+    bytecode_estimate += 30;
+  }
+
+  // And the FieldAccessorTable.
+  bytecode_estimate += GenerateFieldAccessorTableInitializer(printer);
+
+  // Generate static member initializers for all nested types.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    // TODO(kenton):  Reuse MessageGenerator objects?
+    bytecode_estimate +=
+        ImmutableMessageGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i), context_)
+            .GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(printer);
+  }
+  return bytecode_estimate;
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateFieldAccessorTable(
+    io::Printer* printer, int* bytecode_estimate) {
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+  vars["identifier"] = UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_);
+  if (MultipleJavaFiles(descriptor_->file(), /* immutable = */ true)) {
+    // We can only make these package-private since the classes that use them
+    // are in separate files.
+    vars["private"] = "";
+  } else {
+    vars["private"] = "private ";
+  }
+  if (*bytecode_estimate <= kMaxStaticSize) {
+    vars["final"] = "final ";
+  } else {
+    vars["final"] = "";
+  }
+  vars["ver"] = GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix();
+  printer->Print(
+      vars,
+      "$private$static $final$\n"
+      "  com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$.FieldAccessorTable\n"
+      "    internal_$identifier$_fieldAccessorTable;\n");
+
+  // 6 bytes per field and oneof
+  *bytecode_estimate +=
+      10 + 6 * descriptor_->field_count() + 6 * descriptor_->oneof_decl_count();
+}
+
+int ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateFieldAccessorTableInitializer(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  int bytecode_estimate = 10;
+  printer->Print(
+      "internal_$identifier$_fieldAccessorTable = new\n"
+      "  com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$.FieldAccessorTable(\n"
+      "    internal_$identifier$_descriptor,\n"
+      "    new java.lang.String[] { ",
+      "identifier", UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_), "ver",
+      GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix());
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+    bytecode_estimate += 6;
+    printer->Print("\"$field_name$\", ", "field_name", info->capitalized_name);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i);
+    const OneofGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(oneof);
+    bytecode_estimate += 6;
+    printer->Print("\"$oneof_name$\", ", "oneof_name", info->capitalized_name);
+  }
+  printer->Print("});\n");
+  return bytecode_estimate;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateInterface(io::Printer* printer) {
+  MaybePrintGeneratedAnnotation(context_, printer, descriptor_,
+                                /* immutable = */ true, "OrBuilder");
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "$deprecation$public interface ${$$classname$OrBuilder$}$ extends\n"
+        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$.\n"
+        "        ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<$classname$> {\n",
+        "deprecation",
+        descriptor_->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "",
+        "extra_interfaces", ExtraMessageOrBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_),
+        "classname", descriptor_->name(), "{", "", "}", "", "ver",
+        GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix());
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        "$deprecation$public interface ${$$classname$OrBuilder$}$ extends\n"
+        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {\n",
+        "deprecation",
+        descriptor_->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "",
+        "extra_interfaces", ExtraMessageOrBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_),
+        "classname", descriptor_->name(), "{", "", "}", "");
+  }
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  printer->Indent();
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print("\n");
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+        .GenerateInterfaceMembers(printer);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "\n"
+        "public $classname$.$oneof_capitalized_name$Case "
+        "get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case();\n",
+        "oneof_capitalized_name",
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))
+            ->capitalized_name,
+        "classname",
+        context_->GetNameResolver()->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  bool is_own_file = IsOwnFile(descriptor_, /* immutable = */ true);
+
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables;
+  variables["static"] = is_own_file ? " " : " static ";
+  variables["classname"] = descriptor_->name();
+  variables["extra_interfaces"] = ExtraMessageInterfaces(descriptor_);
+  variables["ver"] = GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix();
+  variables["deprecation"] =
+      descriptor_->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+
+  WriteMessageDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  MaybePrintGeneratedAnnotation(context_, printer, descriptor_,
+                                /* immutable = */ true);
+
+  // The builder_type stores the super type name of the nested Builder class.
+  std::string builder_type;
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables,
+        "$deprecation$public $static$final class $classname$ extends\n");
+    printer->Annotate("classname", descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables,
+        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$.ExtendableMessage<\n"
+        "      $classname$> implements\n"
+        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+        "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n");
+    builder_type = strings::Substitute(
+        "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$1.ExtendableBuilder<$0, ?>",
+        name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+        GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix());
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables,
+        "$deprecation$public $static$final class $classname$ extends\n");
+    printer->Annotate("classname", descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables,
+                   "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$ implements\n"
+                   "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+                   "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n");
+    builder_type =
+        strings::Substitute("com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$0.Builder<?>",
+                            GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix());
+  }
+  printer->Print("private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;\n");
+
+  printer->Indent();
+  // Using builder_type, instead of Builder, prevents the Builder class from
+  // being loaded into PermGen space when the default instance is created.
+  // This optimizes the PermGen space usage for clients that do not modify
+  // messages.
+  printer->Print(
+      "// Use $classname$.newBuilder() to construct.\n"
+      "private $classname$($buildertype$ builder) {\n"
+      "  super(builder);\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name(), "buildertype", builder_type);
+  printer->Print("private $classname$() {\n", "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+  GenerateInitializers(printer);
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  printer->Print(variables,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "@SuppressWarnings({\"unused\"})\n"
+                 "protected java.lang.Object newInstance(\n"
+                 "    UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {\n"
+                 "  return new $classname$();\n"
+                 "}\n"
+                 "\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet\n"
+      "getUnknownFields() {\n"
+      "  return this.unknownFields;\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  if (context_->HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_)) {
+    GenerateParsingConstructor(printer);
+  }
+
+  GenerateDescriptorMethods(printer);
+
+  // Nested types
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    EnumGenerator(descriptor_->enum_type(i), true, context_).Generate(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    // Don't generate Java classes for map entry messages.
+    if (IsMapEntry(descriptor_->nested_type(i))) continue;
+    ImmutableMessageGenerator messageGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i),
+                                               context_);
+    messageGenerator.GenerateInterface(printer);
+    messageGenerator.Generate(printer);
+  }
+
+  // Integers for bit fields.
+  int totalBits = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    totalBits +=
+        field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i)).GetNumBitsForMessage();
+  }
+  int totalInts = (totalBits + 31) / 32;
+  for (int i = 0; i < totalInts; i++) {
+    printer->Print("private int $bit_field_name$;\n", "bit_field_name",
+                   GetBitFieldName(i));
+  }
+
+  // oneof
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    vars["oneof_name"] =
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name;
+    vars["oneof_capitalized_name"] =
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))
+            ->capitalized_name;
+    vars["oneof_index"] = StrCat(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->index());
+    // oneofCase_ and oneof_
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "private int $oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
+                   "private java.lang.Object $oneof_name$_;\n");
+    // OneofCase enum
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "public enum $oneof_capitalized_name$Case\n"
+        // TODO(dweis): Remove EnumLite when we want to break compatibility with
+        // 3.x users
+        "    implements com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLite,\n"
+        "        com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessage.InternalOneOfEnum {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      printer->Print(
+          "$deprecation$$field_name$($field_number$),\n", "deprecation",
+          field->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "",
+          "field_name", ToUpper(field->name()), "field_number",
+          StrCat(field->number()));
+    }
+    printer->Print("$cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET(0);\n", "cap_oneof_name",
+                   ToUpper(vars["oneof_name"]));
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "private final int value;\n"
+                   "private $oneof_capitalized_name$Case(int value) {\n"
+                   "  this.value = value;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "/**\n"
+        " * @param value The number of the enum to look for.\n"
+        " * @return The enum associated with the given number.\n"
+        " * @deprecated Use {@link #forNumber(int)} instead.\n"
+        " */\n"
+        "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+        "public static $oneof_capitalized_name$Case valueOf(int value) {\n"
+        "  return forNumber(value);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n"
+        "public static $oneof_capitalized_name$Case forNumber(int value) {\n"
+        "  switch (value) {\n");
+    for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      printer->Print("    case $field_number$: return $field_name$;\n",
+                     "field_number", StrCat(field->number()),
+                     "field_name", ToUpper(field->name()));
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "    case 0: return $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET;\n"
+        "    default: return null;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "public int getNumber() {\n"
+        "  return this.value;\n"
+        "}\n",
+        "cap_oneof_name", ToUpper(vars["oneof_name"]));
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("};\n\n");
+    // oneofCase()
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "public $oneof_capitalized_name$Case\n"
+                   "get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case() {\n"
+                   "  return $oneof_capitalized_name$Case.forNumber(\n"
+                   "      $oneof_name$Case_);\n"
+                   "}\n"
+                   "\n");
+  }
+
+  if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    GenerateAnyMethods(printer);
+  }
+
+  // Fields
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print("public static final int $constant_name$ = $number$;\n",
+                   "constant_name", FieldConstantName(descriptor_->field(i)),
+                   "number", StrCat(descriptor_->field(i)->number()));
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i)).GenerateMembers(printer);
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  if (context_->HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_)) {
+    GenerateIsInitialized(printer);
+    GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(printer);
+    GenerateEqualsAndHashCode(printer);
+  }
+
+
+  GenerateParseFromMethods(printer);
+  GenerateBuilder(printer);
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:$full_name$)\n",
+      "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
+
+  // Carefully initialize the default instance in such a way that it doesn't
+  // conflict with other initialization.
+  printer->Print("private static final $classname$ DEFAULT_INSTANCE;\n",
+                 "classname",
+                 name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+  printer->Print(
+      "static {\n"
+      "  DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new $classname$();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static $classname$ getDefaultInstance() {\n"
+      "  return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  // 'of' method for Wrappers
+  if (IsWrappersProtoFile(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "public static $classname$ of($field_type$ value) {\n"
+        "  return newBuilder().setValue(value).build();\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n",
+        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+        "field_type", PrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(descriptor_->field(0))));
+  }
+
+  GenerateParser(printer);
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public $classname$ getDefaultInstanceForType() {\n"
+      "  return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  // Extensions must be declared after the DEFAULT_INSTANCE is initialized
+  // because the DEFAULT_INSTANCE is used by the extension to lazily retrieve
+  // the outer class's FileDescriptor.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    ImmutableExtensionGenerator(descriptor_->extension(i), context_)
+        .Generate(printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  std::unique_ptr<const FieldDescriptor*[]> sorted_fields(
+      SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_));
+
+  std::vector<const Descriptor::ExtensionRange*> sorted_extensions;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_range_count(); ++i) {
+    sorted_extensions.push_back(descriptor_->extension_range(i));
+  }
+  std::sort(sorted_extensions.begin(), sorted_extensions.end(),
+            ExtensionRangeOrdering());
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)\n"
+      "                    throws java.io.IOException {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  if (HasPackedFields(descriptor_)) {
+    // writeTo(CodedOutputStream output) might be invoked without
+    // getSerializedSize() ever being called, but we need the memoized
+    // sizes in case this message has packed fields. Rather than emit checks
+    // for each packed field, just call getSerializedSize() up front. In most
+    // cases, getSerializedSize() will have already been called anyway by one
+    // of the wrapper writeTo() methods, making this call cheap.
+    printer->Print("getSerializedSize();\n");
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$\n"
+          "  .ExtendableMessage<$classname$>.ExtensionWriter\n"
+          "    extensionWriter = newMessageSetExtensionWriter();\n",
+          "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+          "ver", GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix());
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$\n"
+          "  .ExtendableMessage<$classname$>.ExtensionWriter\n"
+          "    extensionWriter = newExtensionWriter();\n",
+          "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+          "ver", GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Merge the fields and the extension ranges, both sorted by field number.
+  for (int i = 0, j = 0;
+       i < descriptor_->field_count() || j < sorted_extensions.size();) {
+    if (i == descriptor_->field_count()) {
+      GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(printer, sorted_extensions[j++]);
+    } else if (j == sorted_extensions.size()) {
+      GenerateSerializeOneField(printer, sorted_fields[i++]);
+    } else if (sorted_fields[i]->number() < sorted_extensions[j]->start) {
+      GenerateSerializeOneField(printer, sorted_fields[i++]);
+    } else {
+      GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(printer, sorted_extensions[j++]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+    printer->Print("unknownFields.writeAsMessageSetTo(output);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print("unknownFields.writeTo(output);\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public int getSerializedSize() {\n"
+      "  int size = memoizedSize;\n"
+      "  if (size != -1) return size;\n"
+      "\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print("size = 0;\n");
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    field_generators_.get(sorted_fields[i]).GenerateSerializedSizeCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+      printer->Print("size += extensionsSerializedSizeAsMessageSet();\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print("size += extensionsSerializedSize();\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+    printer->Print("size += unknownFields.getSerializedSizeAsMessageSet();\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print("size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "memoizedSize = size;\n"
+      "return size;\n");
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateParseFromMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Note:  These are separate from GenerateMessageSerializationMethods()
+  //   because they need to be generated even for messages that are optimized
+  //   for code size.
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    java.nio.ByteBuffer data)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+      "  return PARSER.parseFrom(data);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    java.nio.ByteBuffer data,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+      "  return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+      "  return PARSER.parseFrom(data);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+      "  return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(byte[] data)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+      "  return PARSER.parseFrom(data);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    byte[] data,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+      "  return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)\n"
+      "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$\n"
+      "      .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    java.io.InputStream input,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$\n"
+      "      .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream "
+      "input)\n"
+      "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$\n"
+      "      .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseDelimitedFrom(\n"
+      "    java.io.InputStream input,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$\n"
+      "      .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, "
+      "extensionRegistry);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)\n"
+      "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$\n"
+      "      .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$\n"
+      "      .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_), "ver",
+      GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix());
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateSerializeOneField(
+    io::Printer* printer, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  field_generators_.get(field).GenerateSerializationCode(printer);
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(
+    io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range) {
+  printer->Print("extensionWriter.writeUntil($end$, output);\n", "end",
+                 StrCat(range->end));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateBuilder(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // LITE_RUNTIME implements this at the GeneratedMessageLite level.
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static Builder newBuilder() {\n"
+      "  return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static Builder newBuilder($classname$ prototype) {\n"
+      "  return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public Builder toBuilder() {\n"
+      "  return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE\n"
+      "      ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "protected Builder newBuilderForType(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$.BuilderParent parent) {\n"
+      "  Builder builder = new Builder(parent);\n"
+      "  return builder;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "ver", GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix());
+
+  MessageBuilderGenerator builderGenerator(descriptor_, context_);
+  builderGenerator.Generate(printer);
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateDescriptorMethods(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (!descriptor_->options().no_standard_descriptor_accessor()) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor\n"
+        "    getDescriptor() {\n"
+        "  return $fileclass$.internal_$identifier$_descriptor;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n",
+        "fileclass", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file()),
+        "identifier", UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_));
+  }
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> map_fields;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
+      map_fields.push_back(field);
+    }
+  }
+  if (!map_fields.empty()) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "@SuppressWarnings({\"rawtypes\"})\n"
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "protected com.google.protobuf.MapField internalGetMapField(\n"
+        "    int number) {\n"
+        "  switch (number) {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < map_fields.size(); ++i) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = map_fields[i];
+      const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+      printer->Print(
+          "case $number$:\n"
+          "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$();\n",
+          "number", StrCat(field->number()), "capitalized_name",
+          info->capitalized_name);
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "default:\n"
+        "  throw new RuntimeException(\n"
+        "      \"Invalid map field number: \" + number);\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$.FieldAccessorTable\n"
+      "    internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {\n"
+      "  return $fileclass$.internal_$identifier$_fieldAccessorTable\n"
+      "      .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(\n"
+      "          $classname$.class, $classname$.Builder.class);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+      "fileclass", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file()),
+      "identifier", UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_), "ver",
+      GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateIsInitialized(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Memoizes whether the protocol buffer is fully initialized (has all
+  // required fields). -1 means not yet computed. 0 means false and 1 means
+  // true.
+  printer->Print("private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;\n");
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public final boolean isInitialized() {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // Don't directly compare to -1 to avoid an Android x86 JIT bug.
+  printer->Print(
+      "byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;\n"
+      "if (isInitialized == 1) return true;\n"
+      "if (isInitialized == 0) return false;\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  // Check that all required fields in this message are set.
+  // TODO(kenton):  We can optimize this when we switch to putting all the
+  //   "has" fields into a single bitfield.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+
+    if (field->is_required()) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "if (!has$name$()) {\n"
+          "  memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
+          "  return false;\n"
+          "}\n",
+          "name", info->capitalized_name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Now check that all embedded messages are initialized.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+    if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        HasRequiredFields(field->message_type())) {
+      switch (field->label()) {
+        case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REQUIRED:
+          printer->Print(
+              "if (!get$name$().isInitialized()) {\n"
+              "  memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
+              "  return false;\n"
+              "}\n",
+              "type",
+              name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(field->message_type()),
+              "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL:
+          if (!SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) &&
+              field->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+            const OneofDescriptor* oneof = field->containing_oneof();
+            const OneofGeneratorInfo* oneof_info =
+                context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(oneof);
+            printer->Print("if ($oneof_name$Case_ == $field_number$) {\n",
+                           "oneof_name", oneof_info->name, "field_number",
+                           StrCat(field->number()));
+          } else {
+            printer->Print("if (has$name$()) {\n", "name",
+                           info->capitalized_name);
+          }
+          printer->Print(
+              "  if (!get$name$().isInitialized()) {\n"
+              "    memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
+              "    return false;\n"
+              "  }\n"
+              "}\n",
+              "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED:
+          if (IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
+            printer->Print(
+                "for ($type$ item : get$name$Map().values()) {\n"
+                "  if (!item.isInitialized()) {\n"
+                "    memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
+                "    return false;\n"
+                "  }\n"
+                "}\n",
+                "type",
+                MapValueImmutableClassdName(field->message_type(),
+                                            name_resolver_),
+                "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          } else {
+            printer->Print(
+                "for (int i = 0; i < get$name$Count(); i++) {\n"
+                "  if (!get$name$(i).isInitialized()) {\n"
+                "    memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
+                "    return false;\n"
+                "  }\n"
+                "}\n",
+                "type",
+                name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(field->message_type()),
+                "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "if (!extensionsAreInitialized()) {\n"
+        "  memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
+        "  return false;\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print("  memoizedIsInitialized = 1;\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "  return true;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+namespace {
+bool CheckHasBitsForEqualsAndHashCode(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(field->file())) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE &&
+         field->containing_oneof() == NULL;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateEqualsAndHashCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public boolean equals(");
+  printer->Print("final java.lang.Object obj) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "if (obj == this) {\n"
+      " return true;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "if (!(obj instanceof $classname$)) {\n"
+      "  return super.equals(obj);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "$classname$ other = ($classname$) obj;\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    if (field->containing_oneof() == NULL) {
+      const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+      bool check_has_bits = CheckHasBitsForEqualsAndHashCode(field);
+      if (check_has_bits) {
+        printer->Print(
+            "if (has$name$() != other.has$name$()) return false;\n"
+            "if (has$name$()) {\n",
+            "name", info->capitalized_name);
+        printer->Indent();
+      }
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateEqualsCode(printer);
+      if (check_has_bits) {
+        printer->Outdent();
+        printer->Print("}\n");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Compare oneofs.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "if (!get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case().equals("
+        "other.get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case())) return false;\n",
+        "oneof_capitalized_name",
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))
+            ->capitalized_name);
+    printer->Print(
+        "switch ($oneof_name$Case_) {\n", "oneof_name",
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name);
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      printer->Print("case $field_number$:\n", "field_number",
+                     StrCat(field->number()));
+      printer->Indent();
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateEqualsCode(printer);
+      printer->Print("break;\n");
+      printer->Outdent();
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "case 0:\n"
+        "default:\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+  }
+
+  // Always consider unknown fields for equality. This will sometimes return
+  // false for non-canonical ordering when running in LITE_RUNTIME but it's
+  // the best we can do.
+  printer->Print(
+      "if (!unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields)) return false;\n");
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "if (!getExtensionFields().equals(other.getExtensionFields()))\n"
+        "  return false;\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print("return true;\n");
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public int hashCode() {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print("if (memoizedHashCode != 0) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print("return memoizedHashCode;\n");
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "}\n"
+      "int hash = 41;\n");
+
+  // If we output a getDescriptor() method, use that as it is more efficient.
+  if (descriptor_->options().no_standard_descriptor_accessor()) {
+    printer->Print("hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptorForType().hashCode();\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print("hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();\n");
+  }
+
+  // hashCode non-oneofs.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    if (field->containing_oneof() == NULL) {
+      const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+      bool check_has_bits = CheckHasBitsForEqualsAndHashCode(field);
+      if (check_has_bits) {
+        printer->Print("if (has$name$()) {\n", "name", info->capitalized_name);
+        printer->Indent();
+      }
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateHashCode(printer);
+      if (check_has_bits) {
+        printer->Outdent();
+        printer->Print("}\n");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // hashCode oneofs.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "switch ($oneof_name$Case_) {\n", "oneof_name",
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name);
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      printer->Print("case $field_number$:\n", "field_number",
+                     StrCat(field->number()));
+      printer->Indent();
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateHashCode(printer);
+      printer->Print("break;\n");
+      printer->Outdent();
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "case 0:\n"
+        "default:\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print("hash = hashFields(hash, getExtensionFields());\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("hash = (29 * hash) + unknownFields.hashCode();\n");
+  printer->Print(
+      "memoizedHashCode = hash;\n"
+      "return hash;\n");
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateExtensionRegistrationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    ImmutableExtensionGenerator(descriptor_->extension(i), context_)
+        .GenerateRegistrationCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    ImmutableMessageGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i), context_)
+        .GenerateExtensionRegistrationCode(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateParsingConstructor(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  std::unique_ptr<const FieldDescriptor*[]> sorted_fields(
+      SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "private $classname$(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // Initialize all fields to default.
+  printer->Print(
+      "this();\n"
+      "if (extensionRegistry == null) {\n"
+      "  throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  // Use builder bits to track mutable repeated fields.
+  int totalBuilderBits = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const ImmutableFieldGenerator& field =
+        field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i));
+    totalBuilderBits += field.GetNumBitsForBuilder();
+  }
+  int totalBuilderInts = (totalBuilderBits + 31) / 32;
+  for (int i = 0; i < totalBuilderInts; i++) {
+    printer->Print("int mutable_$bit_field_name$ = 0;\n", "bit_field_name",
+                   GetBitFieldName(i));
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();\n");
+
+  printer->Print("try {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "boolean done = false;\n"
+      "while (!done) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "int tag = input.readTag();\n"
+      "switch (tag) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "case 0:\n"  // zero signals EOF / limit reached
+      "  done = true;\n"
+      "  break;\n");
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = sorted_fields[i];
+    uint32 tag = WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+        field->number(), WireFormat::WireTypeForFieldType(field->type()));
+
+    printer->Print("case $tag$: {\n", "tag",
+                   StrCat(static_cast<int32>(tag)));
+    printer->Indent();
+
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateParsingCode(printer);
+
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+        "  break;\n"
+        "}\n");
+
+    if (field->is_packable()) {
+      // To make packed = true wire compatible, we generate parsing code from a
+      // packed version of this field regardless of field->options().packed().
+      uint32 packed_tag = WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+          field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      printer->Print("case $tag$: {\n", "tag",
+                     StrCat(static_cast<int32>(packed_tag)));
+      printer->Indent();
+
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(printer);
+
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print(
+          "  break;\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "default: {\n"
+      "  if (!parseUnknownField(\n"
+      "      input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {\n"
+      "    done = true;\n"  // it's an endgroup tag
+      "  }\n"
+      "  break;\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "  }\n"  // switch (tag)
+      "}\n");  // while (!done)
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "} catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {\n"
+      "  throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);\n"
+      "} catch (java.io.IOException e) {\n"
+      "  throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(\n"
+      "      e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);\n"
+      "} finally {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // Make repeated field list immutable.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = sorted_fields[i];
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateParsingDoneCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  // Make unknown fields immutable.
+  printer->Print("this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();\n");
+
+  // Make extensions immutable.
+  printer->Print("makeExtensionsImmutable();\n");
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "  }\n"  // finally
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateParser(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "$visibility$ static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<$classname$>\n"
+      "    PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<$classname$>() {\n",
+      "visibility",
+      ExposePublicParser(descriptor_->file()) ? "@java.lang.Deprecated public"
+                                              : "private",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public $classname$ parsePartialFrom(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  if (context_->HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print("  return new $classname$(input, extensionRegistry);\n",
+                   "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  } else {
+    // When parsing constructor isn't generated, use builder to parse
+    // messages. Note, will fallback to use reflection based mergeFieldFrom()
+    // in AbstractMessage.Builder.
+    printer->Indent();
+    printer->Print(
+        "Builder builder = newBuilder();\n"
+        "try {\n"
+        "  builder.mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);\n"
+        "} catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {\n"
+        "  throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());\n"
+        "} catch (java.io.IOException e) {\n"
+        "  throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(\n"
+        "      e.getMessage()).setUnfinishedMessage(\n"
+        "          builder.buildPartial());\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "return builder.buildPartial();\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+  }
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "};\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<$classname$> parser() {\n"
+      "  return PARSER;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public com.google.protobuf.Parser<$classname$> getParserForType() {\n"
+      "  return PARSER;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateInitializers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+          .GenerateInitializationCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateAnyMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "private static String getTypeUrl(\n"
+      "    java.lang.String typeUrlPrefix,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor) {\n"
+      "  return typeUrlPrefix.endsWith(\"/\")\n"
+      "      ? typeUrlPrefix + descriptor.getFullName()\n"
+      "      : typeUrlPrefix + \"/\" + descriptor.getFullName();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "private static String getTypeNameFromTypeUrl(\n"
+      "    java.lang.String typeUrl) {\n"
+      "  int pos = typeUrl.lastIndexOf('/');\n"
+      "  return pos == -1 ? \"\" : typeUrl.substring(pos + 1);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "public static <T extends com.google.protobuf.Message> Any pack(\n"
+      "    T message) {\n"
+      "  return Any.newBuilder()\n"
+      "      .setTypeUrl(getTypeUrl(\"type.googleapis.com\",\n"
+      "                             message.getDescriptorForType()))\n"
+      "      .setValue(message.toByteString())\n"
+      "      .build();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Packs a message using the given type URL prefix. The type URL will\n"
+      " * be constructed by concatenating the message type's full name to the\n"
+      " * prefix with an optional \"/\" separator if the prefix doesn't end\n"
+      " * with \"/\" already.\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "public static <T extends com.google.protobuf.Message> Any pack(\n"
+      "    T message, java.lang.String typeUrlPrefix) {\n"
+      "  return Any.newBuilder()\n"
+      "      .setTypeUrl(getTypeUrl(typeUrlPrefix,\n"
+      "                             message.getDescriptorForType()))\n"
+      "      .setValue(message.toByteString())\n"
+      "      .build();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "public <T extends com.google.protobuf.Message> boolean is(\n"
+      "    java.lang.Class<T> clazz) {\n"
+      "  T defaultInstance =\n"
+      "      com.google.protobuf.Internal.getDefaultInstance(clazz);\n"
+      "  return getTypeNameFromTypeUrl(getTypeUrl()).equals(\n"
+      "      defaultInstance.getDescriptorForType().getFullName());\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "private volatile com.google.protobuf.Message cachedUnpackValue;\n"
+      "\n"
+      "@java.lang.SuppressWarnings(\"unchecked\")\n"
+      "public <T extends com.google.protobuf.Message> T unpack(\n"
+      "    java.lang.Class<T> clazz)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+      "  boolean invalidClazz = false;\n"
+      "  if (cachedUnpackValue != null) {\n"
+      "    if (cachedUnpackValue.getClass() == clazz) {\n"
+      "      return (T) cachedUnpackValue;\n"
+      "    }\n"
+      "    invalidClazz = true;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  if (invalidClazz || !is(clazz)) {\n"
+      "    throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(\n"
+      "        \"Type of the Any message does not match the given class.\");\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  T defaultInstance =\n"
+      "      com.google.protobuf.Internal.getDefaultInstance(clazz);\n"
+      "  T result = (T) defaultInstance.getParserForType()\n"
+      "      .parseFrom(getValue());\n"
+      "  cachedUnpackValue = result;\n"
+      "  return result;\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de2f359a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+static const int kMaxStaticSize = 1 << 15;  // aka 32k
+
+class MessageGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit MessageGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+  virtual ~MessageGenerator();
+
+  // All static variables have to be declared at the top-level of the file
+  // so that we can control initialization order, which is important for
+  // DescriptorProto bootstrapping to work.
+  virtual void GenerateStaticVariables(io::Printer* printer,
+                                       int* bytecode_estimate) = 0;
+
+  // Output code which initializes the static variables generated by
+  // GenerateStaticVariables(). Returns an estimate of bytecode size.
+  virtual int GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+
+  // Generate the class itself.
+  virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+
+  // Generates the base interface that both the class and its builder
+  // implement
+  virtual void GenerateInterface(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+
+  // Generate code to register all contained extensions with an
+  // ExtensionRegistry.
+  virtual void GenerateExtensionRegistrationCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutableMessageGenerator : public MessageGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableMessageGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor, Context* context);
+  virtual ~ImmutableMessageGenerator();
+
+  virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateInterface(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateExtensionRegistrationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateStaticVariables(io::Printer* printer,
+                                       int* bytecode_estimate);
+
+  // Returns an estimate of the number of bytes the printed code will compile to
+  virtual int GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  void GenerateFieldAccessorTable(io::Printer* printer, int* bytecode_estimate);
+
+  // Returns an estimate of the number of bytes the printed code will compile to
+  int GenerateFieldAccessorTableInitializer(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  void GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateParseFromMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateSerializeOneField(io::Printer* printer,
+                                 const FieldDescriptor* field);
+  void GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(
+      io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range);
+
+  void GenerateBuilder(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateIsInitialized(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDescriptorMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateInitializers(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateEqualsAndHashCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateParser(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateParsingConstructor(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateAnyMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+  FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldGenerator> field_generators_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableMessageGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16e63afc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,725 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+std::string MapValueImmutableClassdName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                        ClassNameResolver* name_resolver) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_field = descriptor->FindFieldByName("value");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, value_field->type());
+  return name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(value_field->message_type());
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+MessageBuilderGenerator::MessageBuilderGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                                 Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      context_(context),
+      name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()),
+      field_generators_(descriptor, context_) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->file(), context->EnforceLite()))
+      << "Generator factory error: A non-lite message generator is used to "
+         "generate lite messages.";
+}
+
+MessageBuilderGenerator::~MessageBuilderGenerator() {}
+
+void MessageBuilderGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WriteMessageDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "public static final class Builder extends\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$.ExtendableBuilder<\n"
+        "      $classname$, Builder> implements\n"
+        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+        "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n",
+        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+        "extra_interfaces", ExtraBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_), "ver",
+        GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix());
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        "public static final class Builder extends\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$.Builder<Builder> "
+        "implements\n"
+        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+        "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n",
+        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+        "extra_interfaces", ExtraBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_), "ver",
+        GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix());
+  }
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  GenerateDescriptorMethods(printer);
+  GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(printer);
+
+  if (context_->HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_)) {
+    GenerateIsInitialized(printer);
+    GenerateBuilderParsingMethods(printer);
+  }
+
+  // oneof
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    vars["oneof_name"] =
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name;
+    vars["oneof_capitalized_name"] =
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))
+            ->capitalized_name;
+    vars["oneof_index"] = StrCat(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->index());
+    // oneofCase_ and oneof_
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "private int $oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
+                   "private java.lang.Object $oneof_name$_;\n");
+    // oneofCase() and clearOneof()
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "public $oneof_capitalized_name$Case\n"
+                   "    get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case() {\n"
+                   "  return $oneof_capitalized_name$Case.forNumber(\n"
+                   "      $oneof_name$Case_);\n"
+                   "}\n"
+                   "\n"
+                   "public Builder clear$oneof_capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                   "  $oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
+                   "  $oneof_name$_ = null;\n");
+    printer->Print("  onChanged();\n");
+    printer->Print(
+        "  return this;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  // Integers for bit fields.
+  int totalBits = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    totalBits +=
+        field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i)).GetNumBitsForBuilder();
+  }
+  int totalInts = (totalBits + 31) / 32;
+  for (int i = 0; i < totalInts; i++) {
+    printer->Print("private int $bit_field_name$;\n", "bit_field_name",
+                   GetBitFieldName(i));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print("\n");
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+        .GenerateBuilderMembers(printer);
+  }
+
+  // Override methods declared in GeneratedMessage to return the concrete
+  // generated type so callsites won't depend on GeneratedMessage. This
+  // is needed to keep binary compatibility when we change generated code
+  // to subclass a different GeneratedMessage class (e.g., in v3.0.0 release
+  // we changed all generated code to subclass GeneratedMessageV3).
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public final Builder setUnknownFields(\n"
+      "    final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {\n"
+      "  return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(\n"
+      "    final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {\n"
+      "  return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:$full_name$)\n",
+      "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void MessageBuilderGenerator::GenerateDescriptorMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (!descriptor_->options().no_standard_descriptor_accessor()) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor\n"
+        "    getDescriptor() {\n"
+        "  return $fileclass$.internal_$identifier$_descriptor;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n",
+        "fileclass", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file()),
+        "identifier", UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_));
+  }
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> map_fields;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
+      map_fields.push_back(field);
+    }
+  }
+  if (!map_fields.empty()) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "@SuppressWarnings({\"rawtypes\"})\n"
+        "protected com.google.protobuf.MapField internalGetMapField(\n"
+        "    int number) {\n"
+        "  switch (number) {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < map_fields.size(); ++i) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = map_fields[i];
+      const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+      printer->Print(
+          "case $number$:\n"
+          "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$();\n",
+          "number", StrCat(field->number()), "capitalized_name",
+          info->capitalized_name);
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "default:\n"
+        "  throw new RuntimeException(\n"
+        "      \"Invalid map field number: \" + number);\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Print(
+        "@SuppressWarnings({\"rawtypes\"})\n"
+        "protected com.google.protobuf.MapField internalGetMutableMapField(\n"
+        "    int number) {\n"
+        "  switch (number) {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < map_fields.size(); ++i) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = map_fields[i];
+      const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+      printer->Print(
+          "case $number$:\n"
+          "  return internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$();\n",
+          "number", StrCat(field->number()), "capitalized_name",
+          info->capitalized_name);
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "default:\n"
+        "  throw new RuntimeException(\n"
+        "      \"Invalid map field number: \" + number);\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$.FieldAccessorTable\n"
+      "    internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {\n"
+      "  return $fileclass$.internal_$identifier$_fieldAccessorTable\n"
+      "      .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(\n"
+      "          $classname$.class, $classname$.Builder.class);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+      "fileclass", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file()),
+      "identifier", UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_), "ver",
+      GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void MessageBuilderGenerator::GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "// Construct using $classname$.newBuilder()\n"
+      "private Builder() {\n"
+      "  maybeForceBuilderInitialization();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "private Builder(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$.BuilderParent parent) {\n"
+      "  super(parent);\n"
+      "  maybeForceBuilderInitialization();\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_), "ver",
+      GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix());
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "private void maybeForceBuilderInitialization() {\n"
+      "  if (com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$\n"
+      "          .alwaysUseFieldBuilders) {\n",
+      "ver", GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix());
+
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+          .GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public Builder clear() {\n"
+      "  super.clear();\n");
+
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+          .GenerateBuilderClearCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "$oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
+        "$oneof_name$_ = null;\n",
+        "oneof_name",
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name);
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor\n"
+      "    getDescriptorForType() {\n"
+      "  return $fileclass$.internal_$identifier$_descriptor;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "fileclass", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file()),
+      "identifier", UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_));
+
+  // LITE runtime implements this in GeneratedMessageLite.
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public $classname$ getDefaultInstanceForType() {\n"
+      "  return $classname$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public $classname$ build() {\n"
+      "  $classname$ result = buildPartial();\n"
+      "  if (!result.isInitialized()) {\n"
+      "    throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return result;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public $classname$ buildPartial() {\n"
+      "  $classname$ result = new $classname$(this);\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  int totalBuilderBits = 0;
+  int totalMessageBits = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const ImmutableFieldGenerator& field =
+        field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i));
+    totalBuilderBits += field.GetNumBitsForBuilder();
+    totalMessageBits += field.GetNumBitsForMessage();
+  }
+  int totalBuilderInts = (totalBuilderBits + 31) / 32;
+  int totalMessageInts = (totalMessageBits + 31) / 32;
+
+  // Local vars for from and to bit fields to avoid accessing the builder and
+  // message over and over for these fields. Seems to provide a slight
+  // perforamance improvement in micro benchmark and this is also what proto1
+  // code does.
+  for (int i = 0; i < totalBuilderInts; i++) {
+    printer->Print("int from_$bit_field_name$ = $bit_field_name$;\n",
+                   "bit_field_name", GetBitFieldName(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < totalMessageInts; i++) {
+    printer->Print("int to_$bit_field_name$ = 0;\n", "bit_field_name",
+                   GetBitFieldName(i));
+  }
+
+  // Output generation code for each field.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i)).GenerateBuildingCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  // Copy the bit field results to the generated message
+  for (int i = 0; i < totalMessageInts; i++) {
+    printer->Print("result.$bit_field_name$ = to_$bit_field_name$;\n",
+                   "bit_field_name", GetBitFieldName(i));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "result.$oneof_name$Case_ = $oneof_name$Case_;\n", "oneof_name",
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name);
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print("  onBuilt();\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "  return result;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  // Override methods declared in GeneratedMessage to return the concrete
+  // generated type so callsites won't depend on GeneratedMessage. This
+  // is needed to keep binary compatibility when we change generated code
+  // to subclass a different GeneratedMessage class (e.g., in v3.0.0 release
+  // we changed all generated code to subclass GeneratedMessageV3).
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public Builder clone() {\n"
+      "  return super.clone();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public Builder setField(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,\n"
+      "    java.lang.Object value) {\n"
+      "  return super.setField(field, value);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public Builder clearField(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {\n"
+      "  return super.clearField(field);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public Builder clearOneof(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {\n"
+      "  return super.clearOneof(oneof);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public Builder setRepeatedField(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,\n"
+      "    int index, java.lang.Object value) {\n"
+      "  return super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public Builder addRepeatedField(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,\n"
+      "    java.lang.Object value) {\n"
+      "  return super.addRepeatedField(field, value);\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "public <Type> Builder setExtension(\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.GeneratedExtension<\n"
+        "        $classname$, Type> extension,\n"
+        "    Type value) {\n"
+        "  return super.setExtension(extension, value);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "public <Type> Builder setExtension(\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.GeneratedExtension<\n"
+        "        $classname$, java.util.List<Type>> extension,\n"
+        "    int index, Type value) {\n"
+        "  return super.setExtension(extension, index, value);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "public <Type> Builder addExtension(\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.GeneratedExtension<\n"
+        "        $classname$, java.util.List<Type>> extension,\n"
+        "    Type value) {\n"
+        "  return super.addExtension(extension, value);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "public <Type> Builder clearExtension(\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.GeneratedExtension<\n"
+        "        $classname$, ?> extension) {\n"
+        "  return super.clearExtension(extension);\n"
+        "}\n",
+        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  if (context_->HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {\n"
+        "  if (other instanceof $classname$) {\n"
+        "    return mergeFrom(($classname$)other);\n"
+        "  } else {\n"
+        "    super.mergeFrom(other);\n"
+        "    return this;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n",
+        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "public Builder mergeFrom($classname$ other) {\n"
+        // Optimization:  If other is the default instance, we know none of its
+        //   fields are set so we can skip the merge.
+        "  if (other == $classname$.getDefaultInstance()) return this;\n",
+        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+    printer->Indent();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+        field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+            .GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Merge oneof fields.
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+      printer->Print("switch (other.get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case()) {\n",
+                     "oneof_capitalized_name",
+                     context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))
+                         ->capitalized_name);
+      printer->Indent();
+      for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+        printer->Print("case $field_name$: {\n", "field_name",
+                       ToUpper(field->name()));
+        printer->Indent();
+        field_generators_.get(field).GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+        printer->Print("break;\n");
+        printer->Outdent();
+        printer->Print("}\n");
+      }
+      printer->Print(
+          "case $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET: {\n"
+          "  break;\n"
+          "}\n",
+          "cap_oneof_name",
+          ToUpper(
+              context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))
+                  ->name));
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print("}\n");
+    }
+
+    printer->Outdent();
+
+    // if message type has extensions
+    if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+      printer->Print("  this.mergeExtensionFields(other);\n");
+    }
+
+    printer->Print("  this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);\n");
+
+    printer->Print("  onChanged();\n");
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "  return this;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void MessageBuilderGenerator::GenerateBuilderParsingMethods(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public Builder mergeFrom(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+      "  $classname$ parsedMessage = null;\n"
+      "  try {\n"
+      "    parsedMessage = PARSER.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);\n"
+      "  } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {\n"
+      "    parsedMessage = ($classname$) e.getUnfinishedMessage();\n"
+      "    throw e.unwrapIOException();\n"
+      "  } finally {\n"
+      "    if (parsedMessage != null) {\n"
+      "      mergeFrom(parsedMessage);\n"
+      "    }\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void MessageBuilderGenerator::GenerateIsInitialized(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "public final boolean isInitialized() {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // Check that all required fields in this message are set.
+  // TODO(kenton):  We can optimize this when we switch to putting all the
+  //   "has" fields into a single bitfield.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+
+    if (field->is_required()) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "if (!has$name$()) {\n"
+          "  return false;\n"
+          "}\n",
+          "name", info->capitalized_name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Now check that all embedded messages are initialized.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+    if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        HasRequiredFields(field->message_type())) {
+      switch (field->label()) {
+        case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REQUIRED:
+          printer->Print(
+              "if (!get$name$().isInitialized()) {\n"
+              "  return false;\n"
+              "}\n",
+              "type",
+              name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(field->message_type()),
+              "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL:
+          if (!SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) &&
+              field->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+            const OneofDescriptor* oneof = field->containing_oneof();
+            const OneofGeneratorInfo* oneof_info =
+                context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(oneof);
+            printer->Print("if ($oneof_name$Case_ == $field_number$) {\n",
+                           "oneof_name", oneof_info->name, "field_number",
+                           StrCat(field->number()));
+          } else {
+            printer->Print("if (has$name$()) {\n", "name",
+                           info->capitalized_name);
+          }
+          printer->Print(
+              "  if (!get$name$().isInitialized()) {\n"
+              "    return false;\n"
+              "  }\n"
+              "}\n",
+              "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED:
+          if (IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
+            printer->Print(
+                "for ($type$ item : get$name$Map().values()) {\n"
+                "  if (!item.isInitialized()) {\n"
+                "    return false;\n"
+                "  }\n"
+                "}\n",
+                "type",
+                MapValueImmutableClassdName(field->message_type(),
+                                            name_resolver_),
+                "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          } else {
+            printer->Print(
+                "for (int i = 0; i < get$name$Count(); i++) {\n"
+                "  if (!get$name$(i).isInitialized()) {\n"
+                "    return false;\n"
+                "  }\n"
+                "}\n",
+                "type",
+                name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(field->message_type()),
+                "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "if (!extensionsAreInitialized()) {\n"
+        "  return false;\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "  return true;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a31d0badf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_BUILDER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_BUILDER_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class MessageBuilderGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit MessageBuilderGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                   Context* context);
+  virtual ~MessageBuilderGenerator();
+
+  virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  void GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDescriptorMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateBuilderParsingMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateIsInitialized(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+  FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldGenerator> field_generators_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageBuilderGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_BUILDER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e78fb737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+MessageBuilderLiteGenerator::MessageBuilderLiteGenerator(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      context_(context),
+      name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()),
+      field_generators_(descriptor, context_) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->file(), context->EnforceLite()))
+      << "Generator factory error: A lite message generator is used to "
+         "generate non-lite messages.";
+}
+
+MessageBuilderLiteGenerator::~MessageBuilderLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void MessageBuilderLiteGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WriteMessageDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static final class Builder extends\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.$extendible$Builder<\n"
+      "      $classname$, Builder> implements\n"
+      "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+      "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+      "extra_interfaces", ExtraBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_), "extendible",
+      descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0 ? "Extendable" : "");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(printer);
+
+  // oneof
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    vars["oneof_name"] =
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name;
+    vars["oneof_capitalized_name"] =
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))
+            ->capitalized_name;
+    vars["oneof_index"] = StrCat(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->index());
+
+    // oneofCase() and clearOneof()
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                   "public $oneof_capitalized_name$Case\n"
+                   "    get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case() {\n"
+                   "  return instance.get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case();\n"
+                   "}\n"
+                   "\n"
+                   "public Builder clear$oneof_capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                   "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                   "  instance.clear$oneof_capitalized_name$();\n"
+                   "  return this;\n"
+                   "}\n"
+                   "\n");
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print("\n");
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+        .GenerateBuilderMembers(printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:$full_name$)\n",
+      "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void MessageBuilderLiteGenerator::GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "// Construct using $classname$.newBuilder()\n"
+      "private Builder() {\n"
+      "  super(DEFAULT_INSTANCE);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0a48dc1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_BUILDER_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_BUILDER_LITE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class MessageBuilderLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit MessageBuilderLiteGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                       Context* context);
+  virtual ~MessageBuilderLiteGenerator();
+
+  virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  void GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+  FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator> field_generators_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageBuilderLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_BUILDER_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..273faeced
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1348 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+                         int builderBitIndex, const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                         ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+                         std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+
+  (*variables)["type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor->message_type());
+  (*variables)["mutable_type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetMutableClassName(descriptor->message_type());
+  (*variables)["group_or_message"] =
+      (GetType(descriptor) == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) ? "Group"
+                                                           : "Message";
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] =
+      descriptor->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+  (*variables)["on_changed"] = "onChanged();";
+  (*variables)["ver"] = GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix();
+  (*variables)["get_parser"] =
+      ExposePublicParser(descriptor->message_type()->file()) ? "PARSER"
+                                                             : "parser()";
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+    // For singular messages and builders, one bit is used for the hasField bit.
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_builder"] = GenerateGetBit(builderBitIndex);
+
+    // Note that these have a trailing ";".
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_builder"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(builderBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_builder"] =
+        GenerateClearBit(builderBitIndex) + ";";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_builder"] = "";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_builder"] = "";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+        (*variables)["name"] + "_ != null";
+  }
+
+  // For repated builders, one bit is used for whether the array is immutable.
+  (*variables)["get_mutable_bit_builder"] = GenerateGetBit(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_mutable_bit_builder"] = GenerateSetBit(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["clear_mutable_bit_builder"] = GenerateClearBit(builderBitIndex);
+
+  // For repeated fields, one bit is used for whether the array is immutable
+  // in the parsing constructor.
+  (*variables)["get_mutable_bit_parser"] =
+      GenerateGetBitMutableLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_mutable_bit_parser"] =
+      GenerateSetBitMutableLocal(builderBitIndex);
+
+  (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_from_local"] =
+      GenerateGetBitFromLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_to_local"] =
+      GenerateSetBitToLocal(messageBitIndex);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                      context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                      name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::~ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+int ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return GetNumBitsForMessage();
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // TODO(jonp): In the future, consider having a method specific to the
+  // interface so that builders can choose dynamically to either return a
+  // message or a nested builder, so that asking for the interface doesn't
+  // cause a message to ever be built.
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$deprecation$boolean has$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$$type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private $type$ $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $get_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $name$_ == null ? $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder "
+        "${$get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $name$_ == null ? $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  } else {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $name$_ != null;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $name$_ == null ? $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder "
+                   "${$get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder$}$() {\n"
+                   "  return get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::PrintNestedBuilderCondition(
+    io::Printer* printer, const char* regular_case,
+    const char* nested_builder_case) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(variables_, regular_case);
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("} else {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(variables_, nested_builder_case);
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+    io::Printer* printer, const char* method_prototype,
+    const char* regular_case, const char* nested_builder_case,
+    const char* trailing_code) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, method_prototype);
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(" {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  PrintNestedBuilderCondition(printer, regular_case, nested_builder_case);
+  if (trailing_code != NULL) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, trailing_code);
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // When using nested-builders, the code initially works just like the
+  // non-nested builder case. It only creates a nested builder lazily on
+  // demand and then forever delegates to it after creation.
+
+  bool support_field_presence = SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file());
+
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private $type$ $name$_;\n");
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 // If this builder is non-null, it is used and the other fields
+                 // are ignored.
+                 "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder$ver$<\n"
+                 "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> $name$Builder_;"
+                 "\n");
+
+  // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
+  // field of type "Field" called "Field".
+
+  // boolean hasField()
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+  if (support_field_presence) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $get_has_field_bit_builder$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $name$Builder_ != null || $name$_ != null;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  // Field getField()
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer, "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$()",
+      "return $name$_ == null ? $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n",
+      "return $name$Builder_.getMessage();\n", NULL);
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value)",
+
+      "if (value == null) {\n"
+      "  throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "$name$_ = value;\n"
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      "$name$Builder_.setMessage(value);\n",
+
+      "$set_has_field_bit_builder$\n"
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+      "    $type$.Builder builderForValue)",
+
+      "$name$_ = builderForValue.build();\n"
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      "$name$Builder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());\n",
+
+      "$set_has_field_bit_builder$\n"
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder mergeField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$merge$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value)",
+
+      support_field_presence
+          ? "if ($get_has_field_bit_builder$ &&\n"
+            "    $name$_ != null &&\n"
+            "    $name$_ != $type$.getDefaultInstance()) {\n"
+            "  $name$_ =\n"
+            "    $type$.newBuilder($name$_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();\n"
+            "} else {\n"
+            "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+            "}\n"
+            "$on_changed$\n"
+          : "if ($name$_ != null) {\n"
+            "  $name$_ =\n"
+            "    $type$.newBuilder($name$_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();\n"
+            "} else {\n"
+            "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+            "}\n"
+            "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      "$name$Builder_.mergeFrom(value);\n",
+
+      "$set_has_field_bit_builder$\n"
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder clearField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer, "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$()",
+
+      "$name$_ = null;\n"
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      support_field_presence ? "$name$Builder_.clear();\n"
+                             : "$name$_ = null;\n"
+                               "$name$Builder_ = null;\n",
+
+      "$clear_has_field_bit_builder$\n"
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$Builder$}$() {\n"
+                 "  $set_has_field_bit_builder$\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilder();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder$}$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($name$Builder_ != null) {\n"
+                 "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilder();\n"
+                 "  } else {\n"
+                 "    return $name$_ == null ?\n"
+                 "        $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder$ver$<\n"
+      "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+      "    get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder() {\n"
+      "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
+      "    $name$Builder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder$ver$<\n"
+      "        $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder>(\n"
+      "            get$capitalized_name$(),\n"
+      "            getParentForChildren(),\n"
+      "            isClean());\n"
+      "    $name$_ = null;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return $name$Builder_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder();\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderClearCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    PrintNestedBuilderCondition(printer, "$name$_ = null;\n",
+
+                                "$name$Builder_.clear();\n");
+    printer->Print(variables_, "$clear_has_field_bit_builder$\n");
+  } else {
+    PrintNestedBuilderCondition(printer, "$name$_ = null;\n",
+
+                                "$name$_ = null;\n"
+                                "$name$Builder_ = null;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (other.has$capitalized_name$()) {\n"
+                 "  merge$capitalized_name$(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateBuildingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "if ($get_has_field_bit_from_local$) {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    PrintNestedBuilderCondition(printer, "result.$name$_ = $name$_;\n",
+                                "result.$name$_ = $name$Builder_.build();\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "  $set_has_field_bit_to_local$;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  } else {
+    PrintNestedBuilderCondition(printer, "result.$name$_ = $name$_;\n",
+                                "result.$name$_ = $name$Builder_.build();\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$type$.Builder subBuilder = null;\n"
+                 "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+                 "  subBuilder = $name$_.toBuilder();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  if (GetType(descriptor_) == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$name$_ = input.readGroup($number$, $type$.$get_parser$,\n"
+                   "    extensionRegistry);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$name$_ = input.readMessage($type$.$get_parser$, "
+                   "extensionRegistry);\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (subBuilder != null) {\n"
+                 "  subBuilder.mergeFrom($name$_);\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();\n"
+                 "}\n"
+                 "$set_has_field_bit_message$\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingDoneCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for messages.
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+      "  output.write$group_or_message$($number$, get$capitalized_name$());\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+      "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+      "    .compute$group_or_message$Size($number$, get$capitalized_name$());\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateEqualsCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (!get$capitalized_name$()\n"
+                 "    .equals(other.get$capitalized_name$())) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateHashCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+                 "hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$().hashCode();\n");
+}
+
+std::string ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->message_type());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator::ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context)
+    : ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator(descriptor, messageBitIndex,
+                                     builderBitIndex, context) {
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* info =
+      context->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, info, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator::~ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "     return ($type$) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  return $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder$}$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "     return ($type$) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  return $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // When using nested-builders, the code initially works just like the
+  // non-nested builder case. It only creates a nested builder lazily on
+  // demand and then forever delegates to it after creation.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 // If this builder is non-null, it is used and the other fields
+                 // are ignored.
+                 "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder$ver$<\n"
+                 "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> $name$Builder_;"
+                 "\n");
+
+  // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
+  // field of type "Field" called "Field".
+
+  // boolean hasField()
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Field getField()
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer, "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$()",
+
+      "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "  return ($type$) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "return $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n",
+
+      "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "  return $name$Builder_.getMessage();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "return $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n",
+
+      NULL);
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value)",
+
+      "if (value == null) {\n"
+      "  throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "$oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      "$name$Builder_.setMessage(value);\n",
+
+      "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+      "    $type$.Builder builderForValue)",
+
+      "$oneof_name$_ = builderForValue.build();\n"
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      "$name$Builder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());\n",
+
+      "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder mergeField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$merge$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value)",
+
+      "if ($has_oneof_case_message$ &&\n"
+      "    $oneof_name$_ != $type$.getDefaultInstance()) {\n"
+      "  $oneof_name$_ = $type$.newBuilder(($type$) $oneof_name$_)\n"
+      "      .mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();\n"
+      "} else {\n"
+      "  $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "  $name$Builder_.mergeFrom(value);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "$name$Builder_.setMessage(value);\n",
+
+      "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder clearField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer, "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$()",
+
+      "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "  $clear_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "  $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+      "  $on_changed$\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "  $clear_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "  $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "$name$Builder_.clear();\n",
+
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$Builder$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilder();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder "
+      "${$get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder$}$() {\n"
+      "  if (($has_oneof_case_message$) && ($name$Builder_ != null)) {\n"
+      "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilder();\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "      return ($type$) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+      "    }\n"
+      "    return $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder$ver$<\n"
+      "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+      "    ${$get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder$}$() {\n"
+      "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
+      "    if (!($has_oneof_case_message$)) {\n"
+      "      $oneof_name$_ = $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
+      "    }\n"
+      "    $name$Builder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder$ver$<\n"
+      "        $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder>(\n"
+      "            ($type$) $oneof_name$_,\n"
+      "            getParentForChildren(),\n"
+      "            isClean());\n"
+      "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "  $on_changed$;\n"
+      "  return $name$Builder_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateBuildingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  PrintNestedBuilderCondition(
+      printer, "result.$oneof_name$_ = $oneof_name$_;\n",
+
+      "result.$oneof_name$_ = $name$Builder_.build();\n");
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "merge$capitalized_name$(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$type$.Builder subBuilder = null;\n"
+                 "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "  subBuilder = (($type$) $oneof_name$_).toBuilder();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  if (GetType(descriptor_) == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$oneof_name$_ = input.readGroup($number$, $type$.$get_parser$,\n"
+        "    extensionRegistry);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$oneof_name$_ =\n"
+        "    input.readMessage($type$.$get_parser$, extensionRegistry);\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (subBuilder != null) {\n"
+                 "  subBuilder.mergeFrom(($type$) $oneof_name$_);\n"
+                 "  $oneof_name$_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "  output.write$group_or_message$($number$, ($type$) $oneof_name$_);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+      "    .compute$group_or_message$Size($number$, ($type$) $oneof_name$_);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                      context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                      name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::
+    ~RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator() {}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return 1;
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // TODO(jonp): In the future, consider having methods specific to the
+  // interface so that builders can choose dynamically to either return a
+  // message or a nested builder, so that asking for the interface doesn't
+  // cause a message to ever be built.
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$java.util.List<$type$> \n"
+                 "    get$capitalized_name$List();\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index);\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Count();\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$java.util.List<? extends $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+                 "    get$capitalized_name$OrBuilderList();\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$$type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder(\n"
+      "    int index);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private java.util.List<$type$> $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$> "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_;\n"  // note:  unmodifiable list
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<? extends $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+      "    ${$get$capitalized_name$OrBuilderList$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.get(index);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder$}$(\n"
+                 "    int index) {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_.get(index);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::PrintNestedBuilderCondition(
+    io::Printer* printer, const char* regular_case,
+    const char* nested_builder_case) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(variables_, regular_case);
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("} else {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(variables_, nested_builder_case);
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+    io::Printer* printer, const char* method_prototype,
+    const char* regular_case, const char* nested_builder_case,
+    const char* trailing_code) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, method_prototype);
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(" {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  PrintNestedBuilderCondition(printer, regular_case, nested_builder_case);
+  if (trailing_code != NULL) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, trailing_code);
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // When using nested-builders, the code initially works just like the
+  // non-nested builder case. It only creates a nested builder lazily on
+  // demand and then forever delegates to it after creation.
+
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      // Used when the builder is null.
+      // One field is the list and the other field keeps track of whether the
+      // list is immutable. If it's immutable, the invariant is that it must
+      // either an instance of Collections.emptyList() or it's an ArrayList
+      // wrapped in a Collections.unmodifiableList() wrapper and nobody else has
+      // a refererence to the underlying ArrayList. This invariant allows us to
+      // share instances of lists between protocol buffers avoiding expensive
+      // memory allocations. Note, immutable is a strong guarantee here -- not
+      // just that the list cannot be modified via the reference but that the
+      // list can never be modified.
+      "private java.util.List<$type$> $name$_ =\n"
+      "  java.util.Collections.emptyList();\n"
+
+      "private void ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable() {\n"
+      "  if (!$get_mutable_bit_builder$) {\n"
+      "    $name$_ = new java.util.ArrayList<$type$>($name$_);\n"
+      "    $set_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+      "   }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      // If this builder is non-null, it is used and the other fields are
+      // ignored.
+      "private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder$ver$<\n"
+      "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> $name$Builder_;\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
+  // repeated field of type "Field" called "RepeatedField".
+
+  // List<Field> getRepeatedFieldList()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$> "
+      "${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$()",
+
+      "return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList($name$_);\n",
+      "return $name$Builder_.getMessageList();\n",
+
+      NULL);
+
+  // int getRepeatedFieldCount()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer, "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$()",
+
+      "return $name$_.size();\n", "return $name$Builder_.getCount();\n",
+
+      NULL);
+
+  // Field getRepeatedField(int index)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index)",
+
+      "return $name$_.get(index);\n",
+
+      "return $name$Builder_.getMessage(index);\n",
+
+      NULL);
+
+  // Builder setRepeatedField(int index, Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+      "    int index, $type$ value)",
+      "if (value == null) {\n"
+      "  throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+      "$name$_.set(index, value);\n"
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+      "$name$Builder_.setMessage(index, value);\n", "return this;\n");
+
+  // Builder setRepeatedField(int index, Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+      "    int index, $type$.Builder builderForValue)",
+
+      "ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+      "$name$_.set(index, builderForValue.build());\n"
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      "$name$Builder_.setMessage(index, builderForValue.build());\n",
+
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$add$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value)",
+
+      "if (value == null) {\n"
+      "  throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+      "$name$_.add(value);\n"
+
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      "$name$Builder_.addMessage(value);\n",
+
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(int index, Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$add$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+      "    int index, $type$ value)",
+
+      "if (value == null) {\n"
+      "  throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+      "$name$_.add(index, value);\n"
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      "$name$Builder_.addMessage(index, value);\n",
+
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$add$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+      "    $type$.Builder builderForValue)",
+
+      "ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+      "$name$_.add(builderForValue.build());\n"
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      "$name$Builder_.addMessage(builderForValue.build());\n",
+
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(int index, Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$add$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+      "    int index, $type$.Builder builderForValue)",
+
+      "ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+      "$name$_.add(index, builderForValue.build());\n"
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      "$name$Builder_.addMessage(index, builderForValue.build());\n",
+
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  // Builder addAllRepeatedField(Iterable<Field> values)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$addAll$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+      "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $type$> values)",
+
+      "ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+      "com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.addAll(\n"
+      "    values, $name$_);\n"
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      "$name$Builder_.addAllMessages(values);\n",
+
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  // Builder clearAllRepeatedField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer, "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$()",
+
+      "$name$_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();\n"
+      "$clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      "$name$Builder_.clear();\n",
+
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  // Builder removeRepeatedField(int index)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
+      printer,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$remove$capitalized_name$$}$(int index)",
+
+      "ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+      "$name$_.remove(index);\n"
+      "$on_changed$\n",
+
+      "$name$Builder_.remove(index);\n",
+
+      "return this;\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder ${$get$capitalized_name$Builder$}$(\n"
+      "    int index) {\n"
+      "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilder(index);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder$}$(\n"
+                 "    int index) {\n"
+                 "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
+                 "    return $name$_.get(index);"
+                 "  } else {\n"
+                 "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilder(index);\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<? extends $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+      "     ${$get$capitalized_name$OrBuilderList$}$() {\n"
+      "  if ($name$Builder_ != null) {\n"
+      "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilderList();\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList($name$_);\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder "
+                 "${$add$capitalized_name$Builder$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().addBuilder(\n"
+                 "      $type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder ${$add$capitalized_name$Builder$}$(\n"
+      "    int index) {\n"
+      "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().addBuilder(\n"
+      "      index, $type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$.Builder> \n"
+      "     ${$get$capitalized_name$BuilderList$}$() {\n"
+      "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilderList();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder$ver$<\n"
+      "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+      "    get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder() {\n"
+      "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
+      "    $name$Builder_ = new "
+      "com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder$ver$<\n"
+      "        $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder>(\n"
+      "            $name$_,\n"
+      "            $get_mutable_bit_builder$,\n"
+      "            getParentForChildren(),\n"
+      "            isClean());\n"
+      "    $name$_ = null;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return $name$Builder_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::
+    GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderClearCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  PrintNestedBuilderCondition(printer,
+                              "$name$_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();\n"
+                              "$clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n",
+
+                              "$name$Builder_.clear();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The code below does two optimizations (non-nested builder case):
+  //   1. If the other list is empty, there's nothing to do. This ensures we
+  //      don't allocate a new array if we already have an immutable one.
+  //   2. If the other list is non-empty and our current list is empty, we can
+  //      reuse the other list which is guaranteed to be immutable.
+  PrintNestedBuilderCondition(
+      printer,
+      "if (!other.$name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+      "  if ($name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+      "    $name$_ = other.$name$_;\n"
+      "    $clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+      "    $name$_.addAll(other.$name$_);\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  $on_changed$\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "if (!other.$name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+      "  if ($name$Builder_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+      "    $name$Builder_.dispose();\n"
+      "    $name$Builder_ = null;\n"
+      "    $name$_ = other.$name$_;\n"
+      "    $clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+      "    $name$Builder_ = \n"
+      "      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$.alwaysUseFieldBuilders "
+      "?\n"
+      "         get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder() : null;\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    $name$Builder_.addAllMessages(other.$name$_);\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateBuildingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The code below (non-nested builder case) ensures that the result has an
+  // immutable list. If our list is immutable, we can just reuse it. If not,
+  // we make it immutable.
+  PrintNestedBuilderCondition(
+      printer,
+      "if ($get_mutable_bit_builder$) {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList($name$_);\n"
+      "  $clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "result.$name$_ = $name$_;\n",
+
+      "result.$name$_ = $name$Builder_.build();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (!$get_mutable_bit_parser$) {\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = new java.util.ArrayList<$type$>();\n"
+                 "  $set_mutable_bit_parser$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  if (GetType(descriptor_) == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$name$_.add(input.readGroup($number$, $type$.$get_parser$,\n"
+        "    extensionRegistry));\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$name$_.add(\n"
+        "    input.readMessage($type$.$get_parser$, extensionRegistry));\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingDoneCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if ($get_mutable_bit_parser$) {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList($name$_);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+                 "  output.write$group_or_message$($number$, $name$_.get(i));\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+      "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+      "    .compute$group_or_message$Size($number$, $name$_.get(i));\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateEqualsCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if (!get$capitalized_name$List()\n"
+      "    .equals(other.get$capitalized_name$List())) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateHashCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if (get$capitalized_name$Count() > 0) {\n"
+      "  hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+      "  hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$List().hashCode();\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+std::string RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->message_type());
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36fa49208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator : public ImmutableFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                          int messageBitIndex,
+                                          int builderBitIndex,
+                                          Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldGenerator
+  // ---------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+  void PrintNestedBuilderCondition(io::Printer* printer,
+                                   const char* regular_case,
+                                   const char* nested_builder_case) const;
+  void PrintNestedBuilderFunction(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  const char* method_prototype,
+                                  const char* regular_case,
+                                  const char* nested_builder_case,
+                                  const char* trailing_code) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator
+    : public ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                      int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+                                      Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator : public ImmutableFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+  void PrintNestedBuilderCondition(io::Printer* printer,
+                                   const char* regular_case,
+                                   const char* nested_builder_case) const;
+  void PrintNestedBuilderFunction(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  const char* method_prototype,
+                                  const char* regular_case,
+                                  const char* nested_builder_case,
+                                  const char* trailing_code) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb5f3c0e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,752 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+                         int builderBitIndex, const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                         ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+                         std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+
+  (*variables)["type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor->message_type());
+  (*variables)["mutable_type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetMutableClassName(descriptor->message_type());
+  (*variables)["group_or_message"] =
+      (GetType(descriptor) == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) ? "Group"
+                                                           : "Message";
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] =
+      descriptor->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+  (*variables)["required"] = descriptor->is_required() ? "true" : "false";
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+    // For singular messages and builders, one bit is used for the hasField bit.
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+
+    // Note that these have a trailing ";".
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateClearBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+        (*variables)["name"] + "_ != null";
+  }
+
+  // For repeated builders, the underlying list tracks mutability state.
+  (*variables)["is_mutable"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.isModifiable()";
+
+  (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_from_local"] =
+      GenerateGetBitFromLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_to_local"] =
+      GenerateSetBitToLocal(messageBitIndex);
+
+  // We use `x.getClass()` as a null check because it generates less bytecode
+  // than an `if (x == null) { throw ... }` statement.
+  (*variables)["null_check"] = "value.getClass();\n";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      messageBitIndex_(messageBitIndex),
+      name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, 0,
+                      context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                      name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::~ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$deprecation$boolean has$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private $type$ $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $get_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $name$_ == null ? $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  } else {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $name$_ != null;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $name$_ == null ? $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  $null_check$"
+                 "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+                 "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+                 "  }\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder mergeField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.SuppressWarnings({\"ReferenceEquality\"})\n"
+      "private void merge$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+      "  $null_check$"
+      "  if ($name$_ != null &&\n"
+      "      $name$_ != $type$.getDefaultInstance()) {\n"
+      "    $name$_ =\n"
+      "      $type$.newBuilder($name$_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    $name$_ = value;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder clearField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {"
+                 "  $name$_ = null;\n"
+                 "  $clear_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
+  // field of type "Field" called "Field".
+
+  // boolean hasField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Field getField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$set$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "  }\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(builderForValue.build());\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Field.Builder mergeField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$merge$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.merge$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Field.Builder clearField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateFieldInfo(
+    io::Printer* printer, std::vector<uint16>* output) const {
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->number(), output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(descriptor_),
+                              output);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(messageBitIndex_, output);
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_, "\"$name$_\",\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {}
+
+std::string ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->message_type());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+    ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                            int messageBitIndex,
+                                            Context* context)
+    : ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(descriptor, messageBitIndex, context) {
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* info =
+      context->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, info, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+    ~ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "     return ($type$) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  return $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  $null_check$"
+                 "  $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+                 "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder mergeField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private void merge$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+      "  $null_check$"
+      "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$ &&\n"
+      "      $oneof_name$_ != $type$.getDefaultInstance()) {\n"
+      "    $oneof_name$_ = $type$.newBuilder(($type$) $oneof_name$_)\n"
+      "        .mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder clearField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "    $clear_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateFieldInfo(
+    io::Printer* printer, std::vector<uint16>* output) const {
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->number(), output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(descriptor_),
+                              output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->containing_oneof()->index(), output);
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$oneof_stored_type$.class,\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
+  // field of type "Field" called "Field".
+
+  // boolean hasField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Field getField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$set$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(builderForValue.build());\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Field.Builder mergeField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$merge$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.merge$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Field.Builder clearField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+    RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+        const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+        Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, 0,
+                      context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                      name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+    ~RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // TODO(jonp): In the future, consider having methods specific to the
+  // interface so that builders can choose dynamically to either return a
+  // message or a nested builder, so that asking for the interface doesn't
+  // cause a message to ever be built.
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$java.util.List<$type$> \n"
+                 "    get$capitalized_name$List();\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index);\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Count();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList<$type$> $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$> "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_;\n"  // note:  unmodifiable list
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<? extends $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+      "    ${$get$capitalized_name$OrBuilderList$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.get(index);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder$}$(\n"
+                 "    int index) {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_.get(index);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private void ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable() {\n"
+      "  if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+      "    $name$_ =\n"
+      "        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.mutableCopy($name$_);\n"
+      "   }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  // Builder setRepeatedField(int index, Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+                 "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  $null_check$"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $name$_.set(index, value);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void add$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  $null_check$"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $name$_.add(value);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(int index, Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+                 "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  $null_check$"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $name$_.add(index, value);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addAllRepeatedField(Iterable<Field> values)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void addAll$capitalized_name$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $type$> values) {\n"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.addAll(\n"
+                 "      values, $name$_);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  // Builder clearAllRepeatedField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = emptyProtobufList();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  // Builder removeRepeatedField(int index)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void remove$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $name$_.remove(index);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
+  // repeated field of type "Field" called "RepeatedField".
+
+  // List<Field> getRepeatedFieldList()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$> "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(\n"
+                 "      instance.get$capitalized_name$List());\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // int getRepeatedFieldCount()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Count();\n"
+      "}");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Field getRepeatedField(int index)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+      "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$(index);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Builder setRepeatedField(int index, Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(index, value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Builder setRepeatedField(int index, Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    int index, $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(index,\n"
+                 "      builderForValue.build());\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$add$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(int index, Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$add$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(index, value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$add$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(builderForValue.build());\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(int index, Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$add$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    int index, $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(index,\n"
+                 "      builderForValue.build());\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Builder addAllRepeatedField(Iterable<Field> values)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$addAll$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $type$> values) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.addAll$capitalized_name$(values);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Builder clearAllRepeatedField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  // Builder removeRepeatedField(int index)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$remove$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.remove$capitalized_name$(index);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateFieldInfo(
+    io::Printer* printer, std::vector<uint16>* output) const {
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->number(), output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(descriptor_),
+                              output);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "\"$name$_\",\n"
+                 "$type$.class,\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = emptyProtobufList();\n");
+}
+
+std::string RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->message_type());
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0a9b37f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_FIELD_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_FIELD_LITE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                              int messageBitIndex,
+                                              Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator
+  // ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldInfo(io::Printer* printer,
+                         std::vector<uint16>* output) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  const int messageBitIndex_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                          int messageBitIndex,
+                                          Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldInfo(io::Printer* printer,
+                         std::vector<uint16>* output) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldInfo(io::Printer* printer,
+                         std::vector<uint16>* output) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_FIELD_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2233110b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,728 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+// ===================================================================
+ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, Context* context)
+    : MessageGenerator(descriptor),
+      context_(context),
+      name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()),
+      field_generators_(descriptor, context_) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->file(), context->EnforceLite()))
+      << "Generator factory error: A lite message generator is used to "
+         "generate non-lite messages.";
+}
+
+ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::~ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateStaticVariables(
+    io::Printer* printer, int* bytecode_estimate) {
+  // Generate static members for all nested types.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    // TODO(kenton):  Reuse MessageGenerator objects?
+    ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i), context_)
+        .GenerateStaticVariables(printer, bytecode_estimate);
+  }
+}
+
+int ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  int bytecode_estimate = 0;
+  // Generate static member initializers for all nested types.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    // TODO(kenton):  Reuse MessageGenerator objects?
+    bytecode_estimate +=
+        ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i), context_)
+            .GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(printer);
+  }
+  return bytecode_estimate;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateInterface(io::Printer* printer) {
+  MaybePrintGeneratedAnnotation(context_, printer, descriptor_,
+                                /* immutable = */ true, "OrBuilder");
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "$deprecation$public interface ${$$classname$OrBuilder$}$ extends \n"
+        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+        "     com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.\n"
+        "          ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<\n"
+        "              $classname$, $classname$.Builder> {\n",
+        "deprecation",
+        descriptor_->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "",
+        "extra_interfaces", ExtraMessageOrBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_),
+        "classname", descriptor_->name(), "{", "", "}", "");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        "$deprecation$public interface ${$$classname$OrBuilder$}$ extends\n"
+        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.MessageLiteOrBuilder {\n",
+        "deprecation",
+        descriptor_->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "",
+        "extra_interfaces", ExtraMessageOrBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_),
+        "classname", descriptor_->name(), "{", "", "}", "");
+  }
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  printer->Indent();
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print("\n");
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+        .GenerateInterfaceMembers(printer);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "\n"
+        "public $classname$.$oneof_capitalized_name$Case "
+        "get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case();\n",
+        "oneof_capitalized_name",
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))
+            ->capitalized_name,
+        "classname",
+        context_->GetNameResolver()->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  bool is_own_file = IsOwnFile(descriptor_, /* immutable = */ true);
+
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables;
+  variables["static"] = is_own_file ? " " : " static ";
+  variables["classname"] = descriptor_->name();
+  variables["extra_interfaces"] = ExtraMessageInterfaces(descriptor_);
+  variables["deprecation"] =
+      descriptor_->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+
+  WriteMessageDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  MaybePrintGeneratedAnnotation(context_, printer, descriptor_,
+                                /* immutable = */ true);
+
+
+  // The builder_type stores the super type name of the nested Builder class.
+  std::string builder_type;
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables,
+        "$deprecation$public $static$final class $classname$ extends\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableMessage<\n"
+        "      $classname$, $classname$.Builder> implements\n"
+        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+        "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n");
+    builder_type = strings::Substitute(
+        "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableBuilder<$0, ?>",
+        name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables,
+        "$deprecation$public $static$final class $classname$ extends\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite<\n"
+        "        $classname$, $classname$.Builder> implements\n"
+        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+        "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n");
+
+    builder_type = "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.Builder";
+  }
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  GenerateConstructor(printer);
+
+  // Nested types
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    EnumLiteGenerator(descriptor_->enum_type(i), true, context_)
+        .Generate(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    // Don't generate Java classes for map entry messages.
+    if (IsMapEntry(descriptor_->nested_type(i))) continue;
+    ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator messageGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i),
+                                                   context_);
+    messageGenerator.GenerateInterface(printer);
+    messageGenerator.Generate(printer);
+  }
+
+  // Integers for bit fields.
+  int totalBits = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    totalBits +=
+        field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i)).GetNumBitsForMessage();
+  }
+  int totalInts = (totalBits + 31) / 32;
+  for (int i = 0; i < totalInts; i++) {
+    printer->Print("private int $bit_field_name$;\n", "bit_field_name",
+                   GetBitFieldName(i));
+  }
+
+  // oneof
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i);
+    vars["oneof_name"] = context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(oneof)->name;
+    vars["oneof_capitalized_name"] =
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(oneof)->capitalized_name;
+    vars["oneof_index"] = StrCat(oneof->index());
+    // oneofCase_ and oneof_
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "private int $oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
+                   "private java.lang.Object $oneof_name$_;\n");
+    // OneofCase enum
+    printer->Print(vars, "public enum $oneof_capitalized_name$Case {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int j = 0; j < oneof->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = oneof->field(j);
+      printer->Print("$field_name$($field_number$),\n", "field_name",
+                     ToUpper(field->name()), "field_number",
+                     StrCat(field->number()));
+    }
+    printer->Print("$cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET(0);\n", "cap_oneof_name",
+                   ToUpper(vars["oneof_name"]));
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "private final int value;\n"
+                   "private $oneof_capitalized_name$Case(int value) {\n"
+                   "  this.value = value;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "/**\n"
+        " * @deprecated Use {@link #forNumber(int)} instead.\n"
+        " */\n"
+        "@java.lang.Deprecated\n"
+        "public static $oneof_capitalized_name$Case valueOf(int value) {\n"
+        "  return forNumber(value);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n"
+        "public static $oneof_capitalized_name$Case forNumber(int value) {\n"
+        "  switch (value) {\n");
+    for (int j = 0; j < oneof->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = oneof->field(j);
+      printer->Print("    case $field_number$: return $field_name$;\n",
+                     "field_number", StrCat(field->number()),
+                     "field_name", ToUpper(field->name()));
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "    case 0: return $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET;\n"
+        "    default: return null;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n"
+        // TODO(b/135620659): Rename this to "getFieldNumber" or something to
+        // disambiguate it from actual proto enums.
+        "public int getNumber() {\n"
+        "  return this.value;\n"
+        "}\n",
+        "cap_oneof_name", ToUpper(vars["oneof_name"]));
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("};\n\n");
+    // oneofCase()
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                   "public $oneof_capitalized_name$Case\n"
+                   "get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case() {\n"
+                   "  return $oneof_capitalized_name$Case.forNumber(\n"
+                   "      $oneof_name$Case_);\n"
+                   "}\n"
+                   "\n"
+                   "private void clear$oneof_capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                   "  $oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
+                   "  $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+                   "}\n"
+                   "\n");
+  }
+
+  // Fields
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print("public static final int $constant_name$ = $number$;\n",
+                   "constant_name", FieldConstantName(descriptor_->field(i)),
+                   "number", StrCat(descriptor_->field(i)->number()));
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i)).GenerateMembers(printer);
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  GenerateParseFromMethods(printer);
+  GenerateBuilder(printer);
+
+  if (HasRequiredFields(descriptor_)) {
+    // Memoizes whether the protocol buffer is fully initialized (has all
+    // required fields). 0 means false, 1 means true, and all other values
+    // mean not yet computed.
+    printer->Print("private byte memoizedIsInitialized = 2;\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "@java.lang.SuppressWarnings({\"unchecked\", \"fallthrough\"})\n"
+      "protected final java.lang.Object dynamicMethod(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.MethodToInvoke method,\n"
+      "    java.lang.Object arg0, java.lang.Object arg1) {\n"
+      "  switch (method) {\n"
+      "    case NEW_MUTABLE_INSTANCE: {\n"
+      "      return new $classname$();\n"
+      "    }\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print("case NEW_BUILDER: {\n");
+
+  printer->Indent();
+  GenerateDynamicMethodNewBuilder(printer);
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "}\n"
+      "case BUILD_MESSAGE_INFO: {\n");
+
+  printer->Indent();
+  GenerateDynamicMethodNewBuildMessageInfo(printer);
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "}\n"
+      "// fall through\n"
+      "case GET_DEFAULT_INSTANCE: {\n"
+      "  return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "case GET_PARSER: {\n"
+      // Generally one would use the lazy initialization holder pattern for
+      // manipulating static fields but that has exceptional cost on Android as
+      // it will generate an extra class for every message. Instead, use the
+      // double-check locking pattern which works just as well.
+      //
+      // The "parser" temporary mirrors the "PARSER" field to eliminate a read
+      // at the final return statement.
+      "  com.google.protobuf.Parser<$classname$> parser = PARSER;\n"
+      "  if (parser == null) {\n"
+      "    synchronized ($classname$.class) {\n"
+      "      parser = PARSER;\n"
+      "      if (parser == null) {\n"
+      "        parser =\n"
+      "            new DefaultInstanceBasedParser<$classname$>(\n"
+      "                DEFAULT_INSTANCE);\n"
+      "        PARSER = parser;\n"
+      "      }\n"
+      "    }\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return parser;\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  if (HasRequiredFields(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "}\n"
+        "case GET_MEMOIZED_IS_INITIALIZED: {\n"
+        "  return memoizedIsInitialized;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "case SET_MEMOIZED_IS_INITIALIZED: {\n"
+        "  memoizedIsInitialized = (byte) (arg0 == null ? 0 : 1);\n"
+        "  return null;\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        "}\n"
+        "case GET_MEMOIZED_IS_INITIALIZED: {\n"
+        "  return (byte) 1;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "case SET_MEMOIZED_IS_INITIALIZED: {\n"
+        "  return null;\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "  }\n"
+      "  throw new UnsupportedOperationException();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:$full_name$)\n",
+      "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
+
+  // Carefully initialize the default instance in such a way that it doesn't
+  // conflict with other initialization.
+  printer->Print("private static final $classname$ DEFAULT_INSTANCE;\n",
+                 "classname",
+                 name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "static {\n"
+      "  $classname$ defaultInstance = new $classname$();\n"
+      "  // New instances are implicitly immutable so no need to make\n"
+      "  // immutable.\n"
+      "  DEFAULT_INSTANCE = defaultInstance;\n"
+      // Register the default instance in a map. This map will be used by
+      // experimental runtime to lookup default instance given a class instance
+      // without using Java reflection.
+      "  com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.registerDefaultInstance(\n"
+      "    $classname$.class, defaultInstance);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static $classname$ getDefaultInstance() {\n"
+      "  return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  // 'of' method for Wrappers
+  if (IsWrappersProtoFile(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "public static $classname$ of($field_type$ value) {\n"
+        "  return newBuilder().setValue(value).build();\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n",
+        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+        "field_type", PrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(descriptor_->field(0))));
+  }
+
+  GenerateParser(printer);
+
+  // Extensions must be declared after the DEFAULT_INSTANCE is initialized
+  // because the DEFAULT_INSTANCE is used by the extension to lazily retrieve
+  // the outer class's FileDescriptor.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    ImmutableExtensionLiteGenerator(descriptor_->extension(i), context_)
+        .Generate(printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateDynamicMethodNewBuildMessageInfo(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // Collect field info into a sequence of UTF-16 chars. It will be embedded
+  // as a Java string in the generated code.
+  std::vector<uint16> chars;
+
+  int flags = 0;
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    flags |= 0x1;
+  }
+  if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+    flags |= 0x2;
+  }
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(flags, &chars);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->field_count(), &chars);
+
+  if (descriptor_->field_count() == 0) {
+    printer->Print("java.lang.Object[] objects = null;");
+  } else {
+    // A single array of all fields (including oneof, oneofCase, hasBits).
+    printer->Print("java.lang.Object[] objects = new java.lang.Object[] {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+
+    // Record the number of oneofs.
+    WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(), &chars);
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+      const OneofDescriptor* oneof = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i);
+      printer->Print(
+          "\"$oneof_name$_\",\n"
+          "\"$oneof_name$Case_\",\n",
+          "oneof_name", context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(oneof)->name);
+    }
+
+    // Integers for bit fields.
+    int total_bits = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      total_bits +=
+          field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i)).GetNumBitsForMessage();
+    }
+    int total_ints = (total_bits + 31) / 32;
+    for (int i = 0; i < total_ints; i++) {
+      printer->Print("\"$bit_field_name$\",\n", "bit_field_name",
+                     GetBitFieldName(i));
+    }
+    WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(total_ints, &chars);
+
+    int map_count = 0;
+    int repeated_count = 0;
+    std::unique_ptr<const FieldDescriptor*[]> sorted_fields(
+        SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_));
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = sorted_fields[i];
+      if (field->is_map()) {
+        map_count++;
+      } else if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        repeated_count++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(sorted_fields[0]->number(), &chars);
+    WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(
+        sorted_fields[descriptor_->field_count() - 1]->number(), &chars);
+    WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->field_count(), &chars);
+    WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(map_count, &chars);
+    WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(repeated_count, &chars);
+
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields_for_is_initialized_check;
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      if (descriptor_->field(i)->is_required() ||
+          (GetJavaType(descriptor_->field(i)) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE &&
+           HasRequiredFields(descriptor_->field(i)->message_type()))) {
+        fields_for_is_initialized_check.push_back(descriptor_->field(i));
+      }
+    }
+    WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(fields_for_is_initialized_check.size(), &chars);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = sorted_fields[i];
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateFieldInfo(printer, &chars);
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("};\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("java.lang.String info =\n");
+  std::string line;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < chars.size(); i++) {
+    uint16 code = chars[i];
+    EscapeUtf16ToString(code, &line);
+    if (line.size() >= 80) {
+      printer->Print("    \"$string$\" +\n", "string", line);
+      line.clear();
+    }
+  }
+  printer->Print("    \"$string$\";\n", "string", line);
+
+  printer->Print("return newMessageInfo(DEFAULT_INSTANCE, info, objects);\n");
+  printer->Outdent();
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateParseFromMethods(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    java.nio.ByteBuffer data)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.parseFrom(\n"
+      "      DEFAULT_INSTANCE, data);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    java.nio.ByteBuffer data,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.parseFrom(\n"
+      "      DEFAULT_INSTANCE, data, extensionRegistry);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.parseFrom(\n"
+      "      DEFAULT_INSTANCE, data);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.parseFrom(\n"
+      "      DEFAULT_INSTANCE, data, extensionRegistry);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(byte[] data)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.parseFrom(\n"
+      "      DEFAULT_INSTANCE, data);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    byte[] data,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.parseFrom(\n"
+      "      DEFAULT_INSTANCE, data, extensionRegistry);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)\n"
+      "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.parseFrom(\n"
+      "      DEFAULT_INSTANCE, input);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    java.io.InputStream input,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.parseFrom(\n"
+      "      DEFAULT_INSTANCE, input, extensionRegistry);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream "
+      "input)\n"
+      "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+      "  return parseDelimitedFrom(DEFAULT_INSTANCE, input);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseDelimitedFrom(\n"
+      "    java.io.InputStream input,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+      "  return parseDelimitedFrom(DEFAULT_INSTANCE, input, "
+      "extensionRegistry);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)\n"
+      "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.parseFrom(\n"
+      "      DEFAULT_INSTANCE, input);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+      "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.parseFrom(\n"
+      "      DEFAULT_INSTANCE, input, extensionRegistry);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilder(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static Builder newBuilder() {\n"
+      "  return (Builder) DEFAULT_INSTANCE.createBuilder();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public static Builder newBuilder($classname$ prototype) {\n"
+      "  return (Builder) DEFAULT_INSTANCE.createBuilder(prototype);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  MessageBuilderLiteGenerator builderGenerator(descriptor_, context_);
+  builderGenerator.Generate(printer);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateDynamicMethodNewBuilder(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print("return new Builder();\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateExtensionRegistrationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    ImmutableExtensionLiteGenerator(descriptor_->extension(i), context_)
+        .GenerateRegistrationCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i), context_)
+        .GenerateExtensionRegistrationCode(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateConstructor(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print("private $classname$() {\n", "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // Initialize all fields to default.
+  GenerateInitializers(printer);
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateParser(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "private static volatile com.google.protobuf.Parser<$classname$> "
+      "PARSER;\n"
+      "\n"
+      "public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<$classname$> parser() {\n"
+      "  return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.getParserForType();\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateInitializers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+          .GenerateInitializationCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5290b1e64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_LITE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator : public MessageGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor, Context* context);
+  virtual ~ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator();
+
+  virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateInterface(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateExtensionRegistrationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateStaticVariables(io::Printer* printer,
+                                       int* bytecode_estimate);
+  virtual int GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  void GenerateParseFromMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  void GenerateBuilder(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodNewBuilder(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateInitializers(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateParser(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateConstructor(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodNewBuildMessageInfo(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+  FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator> field_generators_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..361cfa986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+// A suffix that will be appended to the file's outer class name if the name
+// conflicts with some other types defined in the file.
+const char* kOuterClassNameSuffix = "OuterClass";
+
+// Strip package name from a descriptor's full name.
+// For example:
+//   Full name   : foo.Bar.Baz
+//   Package name: foo
+//   After strip : Bar.Baz
+std::string StripPackageName(const std::string& full_name,
+                             const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  if (file->package().empty()) {
+    return full_name;
+  } else {
+    // Strip package name
+    return full_name.substr(file->package().size() + 1);
+  }
+}
+
+// Get the name of a message's Java class without package name prefix.
+std::string ClassNameWithoutPackage(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                    bool immutable) {
+  return StripPackageName(descriptor->full_name(), descriptor->file());
+}
+
+// Get the name of an enum's Java class without package name prefix.
+std::string ClassNameWithoutPackage(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                    bool immutable) {
+  // Doesn't append "Mutable" for enum type's name.
+  const Descriptor* message_descriptor = descriptor->containing_type();
+  if (message_descriptor == NULL) {
+    return descriptor->name();
+  } else {
+    return ClassNameWithoutPackage(message_descriptor, immutable) + "." +
+           descriptor->name();
+  }
+}
+
+// Get the name of a service's Java class without package name prefix.
+std::string ClassNameWithoutPackage(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                    bool immutable) {
+  std::string full_name =
+      StripPackageName(descriptor->full_name(), descriptor->file());
+  // We don't allow nested service definitions.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(full_name.find('.') == std::string::npos);
+  return full_name;
+}
+
+// Return true if a and b are equals (case insensitive).
+NameEquality CheckNameEquality(const string& a, const string& b) {
+  if (ToUpper(a) == ToUpper(b)) {
+    if (a == b) {
+      return NameEquality::EXACT_EQUAL;
+    }
+    return NameEquality::EQUAL_IGNORE_CASE;
+  }
+  return NameEquality::NO_MATCH;
+}
+
+// Check whether a given message or its nested types has the given class name.
+bool MessageHasConflictingClassName(const Descriptor* message,
+                                    const std::string& classname,
+                                    NameEquality equality_mode) {
+  if (CheckNameEquality(message->name(), classname) == equality_mode) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (MessageHasConflictingClassName(message->nested_type(i), classname,
+                                       equality_mode)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->enum_type_count(); ++i) {
+    if (CheckNameEquality(message->enum_type(i)->name(), classname) ==
+        equality_mode) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ClassNameResolver::ClassNameResolver() {}
+
+ClassNameResolver::~ClassNameResolver() {}
+
+std::string ClassNameResolver::GetFileDefaultImmutableClassName(
+    const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  std::string basename;
+  std::string::size_type last_slash = file->name().find_last_of('/');
+  if (last_slash == std::string::npos) {
+    basename = file->name();
+  } else {
+    basename = file->name().substr(last_slash + 1);
+  }
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(StripProto(basename), true);
+}
+
+std::string ClassNameResolver::GetFileImmutableClassName(
+    const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  std::string& class_name = file_immutable_outer_class_names_[file];
+  if (class_name.empty()) {
+    if (file->options().has_java_outer_classname()) {
+      class_name = file->options().java_outer_classname();
+    } else {
+      class_name = GetFileDefaultImmutableClassName(file);
+      if (HasConflictingClassName(file, class_name,
+                                  NameEquality::EXACT_EQUAL)) {
+        class_name += kOuterClassNameSuffix;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return class_name;
+}
+
+std::string ClassNameResolver::GetFileClassName(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                                bool immutable) {
+  if (immutable) {
+    return GetFileImmutableClassName(file);
+  } else {
+    return "Mutable" + GetFileImmutableClassName(file);
+  }
+}
+
+// Check whether there is any type defined in the proto file that has
+// the given class name.
+bool ClassNameResolver::HasConflictingClassName(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                                const std::string& classname,
+                                                NameEquality equality_mode) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (CheckNameEquality(file->enum_type(i)->name(), classname) ==
+        equality_mode) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->service_count(); i++) {
+    if (CheckNameEquality(file->service(i)->name(), classname) ==
+        equality_mode) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (MessageHasConflictingClassName(file->message_type(i), classname,
+                                       equality_mode)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+std::string ClassNameResolver::GetDescriptorClassName(
+    const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return GetFileImmutableClassName(descriptor);
+}
+
+std::string ClassNameResolver::GetClassName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                            bool immutable) {
+  std::string result = FileJavaPackage(descriptor, immutable);
+  if (!result.empty()) result += '.';
+  result += GetFileClassName(descriptor, immutable);
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Get the full name of a Java class by prepending the Java package name
+// or outer class name.
+std::string ClassNameResolver::GetClassFullName(
+    const std::string& name_without_package, const FileDescriptor* file,
+    bool immutable, bool is_own_file) {
+  std::string result;
+  if (is_own_file) {
+    result = FileJavaPackage(file, immutable);
+  } else {
+    result = GetClassName(file, immutable);
+  }
+  if (!result.empty()) {
+    result += '.';
+  }
+  result += name_without_package;
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string ClassNameResolver::GetClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                            bool immutable) {
+  return GetClassFullName(ClassNameWithoutPackage(descriptor, immutable),
+                          descriptor->file(), immutable,
+                          MultipleJavaFiles(descriptor->file(), immutable));
+}
+
+std::string ClassNameResolver::GetClassName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                            bool immutable) {
+  return GetClassFullName(ClassNameWithoutPackage(descriptor, immutable),
+                          descriptor->file(), immutable,
+                          MultipleJavaFiles(descriptor->file(), immutable));
+}
+
+std::string ClassNameResolver::GetClassName(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                            bool immutable) {
+  return GetClassFullName(ClassNameWithoutPackage(descriptor, immutable),
+                          descriptor->file(), immutable,
+                          IsOwnFile(descriptor, immutable));
+}
+
+// Get the Java Class style full name of a message.
+std::string ClassNameResolver::GetJavaClassFullName(
+    const std::string& name_without_package, const FileDescriptor* file,
+    bool immutable) {
+  std::string result;
+  if (MultipleJavaFiles(file, immutable)) {
+    result = FileJavaPackage(file, immutable);
+    if (!result.empty()) result += '.';
+  } else {
+    result = GetClassName(file, immutable);
+    if (!result.empty()) result += '$';
+  }
+  result += StringReplace(name_without_package, ".", "$", true);
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string ClassNameResolver::GetExtensionIdentifierName(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, bool immutable) {
+  return GetClassName(descriptor->containing_type(), immutable) + "." +
+         descriptor->name();
+}
+
+std::string ClassNameResolver::GetJavaImmutableClassName(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return GetJavaClassFullName(ClassNameWithoutPackage(descriptor, true),
+                              descriptor->file(), true);
+}
+
+std::string ClassNameResolver::GetJavaImmutableClassName(
+    const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return GetJavaClassFullName(ClassNameWithoutPackage(descriptor, true),
+                              descriptor->file(), true);
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b92570c60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_NAME_RESOLVER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_NAME_RESOLVER_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class Descriptor;
+class EnumDescriptor;
+class FieldDescriptor;
+class FileDescriptor;
+class ServiceDescriptor;
+
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+// Indicates how closely the two class names match.
+enum NameEquality { NO_MATCH, EXACT_EQUAL, EQUAL_IGNORE_CASE };
+
+// Used to get the Java class related names for a given descriptor. It caches
+// the results to avoid redundant calculation across multiple name queries.
+// Thread-safety note: This class is *not* thread-safe.
+class ClassNameResolver {
+ public:
+  ClassNameResolver();
+  ~ClassNameResolver();
+
+  // Gets the unqualified outer class name for the file.
+  std::string GetFileClassName(const FileDescriptor* file, bool immutable);
+  // Gets the unqualified immutable outer class name of a file.
+  std::string GetFileImmutableClassName(const FileDescriptor* file);
+  // Gets the unqualified default immutable outer class name of a file
+  // (converted from the proto file's name).
+  std::string GetFileDefaultImmutableClassName(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+  // Check whether there is any type defined in the proto file that has
+  // the given class name.
+  bool HasConflictingClassName(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                               const std::string& classname,
+                               NameEquality equality_mode);
+
+  // Gets the name of the outer class that holds descriptor information.
+  // Descriptors are shared between immutable messages and mutable messages.
+  // Since both of them are generated optionally, the descriptors need to be
+  // put in another common place.
+  std::string GetDescriptorClassName(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+  // Gets the fully-qualified class name corresponding to the given descriptor.
+  std::string GetClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor, bool immutable);
+  std::string GetClassName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor, bool immutable);
+  std::string GetClassName(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor, bool immutable);
+  std::string GetClassName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor, bool immutable);
+
+  template <class DescriptorType>
+  std::string GetImmutableClassName(const DescriptorType* descriptor) {
+    return GetClassName(descriptor, true);
+  }
+  template <class DescriptorType>
+  std::string GetMutableClassName(const DescriptorType* descriptor) {
+    return GetClassName(descriptor, false);
+  }
+
+  // Gets the fully qualified name of an extension identifier.
+  std::string GetExtensionIdentifierName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                         bool immutable);
+
+  // Gets the fully qualified name for generated classes in Java convention.
+  // Nested classes will be separated using '$' instead of '.'
+  // For example:
+  //   com.package.OuterClass$OuterMessage$InnerMessage
+  std::string GetJavaImmutableClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+  std::string GetJavaImmutableClassName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor);
+ private:
+  // Get the full name of a Java class by prepending the Java package name
+  // or outer class name.
+  std::string GetClassFullName(const std::string& name_without_package,
+                               const FileDescriptor* file, bool immutable,
+                               bool is_own_file);
+  // Get the Java Class style full name of a message.
+  std::string GetJavaClassFullName(const std::string& name_without_package,
+                                   const FileDescriptor* file, bool immutable);
+  // Caches the result to provide better performance.
+  std::map<const FileDescriptor*, std::string>
+      file_immutable_outer_class_names_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ClassNameResolver);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_NAME_RESOLVER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_names.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_names.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8efbb49b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_names.h
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Provides a mechanism for mapping a descriptor to the
+// fully-qualified name of the corresponding Java class.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_NAMES_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_NAMES_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Descriptor;
+class EnumDescriptor;
+class FileDescriptor;
+class FieldDescriptor;
+class ServiceDescriptor;
+
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+//
+// Returns:
+//   The fully-qualified Java class name.
+std::string ClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+//
+// Returns:
+//   The fully-qualified Java class name.
+std::string ClassName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+//
+// Returns:
+//   The fully-qualified Java class name.
+std::string ClassName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+//
+// Returns:
+//   The fully-qualified Java class name.
+std::string ClassName(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+//
+// Returns:
+//   Java package name.
+std::string FileJavaPackage(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+// Returns:
+//   Captialized camel case name field name.
+std::string CapitalizedFieldName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+// Returns:
+//   Primitive Java type name for the field.
+const char* PrimitiveTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+// Returns:
+//   Boes primitive Java type name for the field.
+const char* BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_NAMES_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_options.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_options.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c29be150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_options.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_OPTIONS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_OPTIONS_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+// Generator options
+struct Options {
+  Options()
+      : generate_immutable_code(false),
+        generate_mutable_code(false),
+        generate_shared_code(false),
+        enforce_lite(false),
+        annotate_code(false) {
+  }
+
+  bool generate_immutable_code;
+  bool generate_mutable_code;
+  bool generate_shared_code;
+  // When set, the protoc will generate the current files and all the transitive
+  // dependencies as lite runtime.
+  bool enforce_lite;
+  // If true, we should build .meta files and emit @Generated annotations into
+  // generated code.
+  bool annotate_code;
+  // Name of a file where we will write a list of generated .meta file names,
+  // one per line.
+  std::string annotation_list_file;
+  // Name of a file where we will write a list of generated file names, one
+  // per line.
+  std::string output_list_file;
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_OPTIONS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_plugin_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_plugin_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..744b2c8be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_plugin_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// TODO(kenton):  Share code with the versions of this test in other languages?
+//   It seemed like parameterizing it would add more complexity than it is
+//   worth.
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+namespace {
+
+class TestGenerator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  TestGenerator() {}
+  ~TestGenerator() {}
+
+  virtual bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                        const std::string& parameter, GeneratorContext* context,
+                        std::string* error) const {
+    std::string filename = "Test.java";
+    TryInsert(filename, "outer_class_scope", context);
+    TryInsert(filename, "class_scope:foo.Bar", context);
+    TryInsert(filename, "class_scope:foo.Bar.Baz", context);
+    TryInsert(filename, "builder_scope:foo.Bar", context);
+    TryInsert(filename, "builder_scope:foo.Bar.Baz", context);
+    TryInsert(filename, "enum_scope:foo.Qux", context);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void TryInsert(const std::string& filename,
+                 const std::string& insertion_point,
+                 GeneratorContext* context) const {
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+        context->OpenForInsert(filename, insertion_point));
+    io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+    printer.Print("// inserted $name$\n", "name", insertion_point);
+  }
+};
+
+// This test verifies that all the expected insertion points exist.  It does
+// not verify that they are correctly-placed; that would require actually
+// compiling the output which is a bit more than I care to do for this test.
+TEST(JavaPluginTest, PluginTest) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::SetContents(TestTempDir() + "/test.proto",
+                             "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                             "package foo;\n"
+                             "option java_package = \"\";\n"
+                             "option java_outer_classname = \"Test\";\n"
+                             "message Bar {\n"
+                             "  message Baz {}\n"
+                             "}\n"
+                             "enum Qux { BLAH = 1; }\n",
+                             true));
+
+  CommandLineInterface cli;
+  cli.SetInputsAreProtoPathRelative(true);
+
+  JavaGenerator java_generator;
+  TestGenerator test_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--java_out", &java_generator, "");
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--test_out", &test_generator, "");
+
+  std::string proto_path = "-I" + TestTempDir();
+  std::string java_out = "--java_out=" + TestTempDir();
+  std::string test_out = "--test_out=" + TestTempDir();
+
+  const char* argv[] = {"protoc", proto_path.c_str(), java_out.c_str(),
+                        test_out.c_str(), "test.proto"};
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, cli.Run(5, argv));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d06b534bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,965 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetPrimitiveVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                           int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+                           const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                           ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+                           std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+  JavaType javaType = GetJavaType(descriptor);
+
+  (*variables)["type"] = PrimitiveTypeName(javaType);
+  (*variables)["boxed_type"] = BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(javaType);
+  (*variables)["field_type"] = (*variables)["type"];
+
+  if (javaType == JAVATYPE_BOOLEAN || javaType == JAVATYPE_DOUBLE ||
+      javaType == JAVATYPE_FLOAT || javaType == JAVATYPE_INT ||
+      javaType == JAVATYPE_LONG) {
+    std::string capitalized_type = UnderscoresToCamelCase(
+        PrimitiveTypeName(javaType), /*cap_first_letter=*/true);
+    (*variables)["field_list_type"] =
+        "com.google.protobuf.Internal." + capitalized_type + "List";
+    (*variables)["empty_list"] = "empty" + capitalized_type + "List()";
+    (*variables)["create_list"] = "new" + capitalized_type + "List()";
+    (*variables)["mutable_copy_list"] =
+        "mutableCopy(" + (*variables)["name"] + "_)";
+    (*variables)["name_make_immutable"] =
+        (*variables)["name"] + "_.makeImmutable()";
+    (*variables)["repeated_get"] =
+        (*variables)["name"] + "_.get" + capitalized_type;
+    (*variables)["repeated_add"] =
+        (*variables)["name"] + "_.add" + capitalized_type;
+    (*variables)["repeated_set"] =
+        (*variables)["name"] + "_.set" + capitalized_type;
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["field_list_type"] =
+        "java.util.List<" + (*variables)["boxed_type"] + ">";
+    (*variables)["create_list"] =
+        "new java.util.ArrayList<" + (*variables)["boxed_type"] + ">()";
+    (*variables)["mutable_copy_list"] = "new java.util.ArrayList<" +
+                                        (*variables)["boxed_type"] + ">(" +
+                                        (*variables)["name"] + "_)";
+    (*variables)["empty_list"] = "java.util.Collections.emptyList()";
+    (*variables)["name_make_immutable"] =
+        (*variables)["name"] + "_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(" +
+        (*variables)["name"] + "_)";
+    (*variables)["repeated_get"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.get";
+    (*variables)["repeated_add"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.add";
+    (*variables)["repeated_set"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.set";
+  }
+
+  (*variables)["default"] = ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver);
+  (*variables)["default_init"] =
+      IsDefaultValueJavaDefault(descriptor)
+          ? ""
+          : ("= " + ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver));
+  (*variables)["capitalized_type"] =
+      GetCapitalizedType(descriptor, /* immutable = */ true);
+  (*variables)["tag"] =
+      StrCat(static_cast<int32>(WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor)));
+  (*variables)["tag_size"] = StrCat(
+      WireFormat::TagSize(descriptor->number(), GetType(descriptor)));
+  if (IsReferenceType(GetJavaType(descriptor))) {
+    (*variables)["null_check"] =
+        "  if (value == null) {\n"
+        "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+        "  }\n";
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["null_check"] = "";
+  }
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] =
+      descriptor->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+  int fixed_size = FixedSize(GetType(descriptor));
+  if (fixed_size != -1) {
+    (*variables)["fixed_size"] = StrCat(fixed_size);
+  }
+  (*variables)["on_changed"] = "onChanged();";
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+    // For singular messages and builders, one bit is used for the hasField bit.
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_builder"] = GenerateGetBit(builderBitIndex);
+
+    // Note that these have a trailing ";".
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_builder"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(builderBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_builder"] =
+        GenerateClearBit(builderBitIndex) + ";";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_builder"] = "";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_builder"] = "";
+
+    if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+      (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+          "!" + (*variables)["name"] + "_.isEmpty()";
+    } else {
+      (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+          (*variables)["name"] + "_ != " + (*variables)["default"];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // For repated builders, one bit is used for whether the array is immutable.
+  (*variables)["get_mutable_bit_builder"] = GenerateGetBit(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_mutable_bit_builder"] = GenerateSetBit(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["clear_mutable_bit_builder"] = GenerateClearBit(builderBitIndex);
+
+  // For repeated fields, one bit is used for whether the array is immutable
+  // in the parsing constructor.
+  (*variables)["get_mutable_bit_parser"] =
+      GenerateGetBitMutableLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_mutable_bit_parser"] =
+      GenerateSetBitMutableLocal(builderBitIndex);
+
+  (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_from_local"] =
+      GenerateGetBitFromLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_to_local"] =
+      GenerateSetBitToLocal(messageBitIndex);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                        context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                        name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::~ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+int ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return GetNumBitsForMessage();
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$boolean has$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private $field_type$ $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $get_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private $field_type$ $name$_ $default_init$;\n");
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $get_has_field_bit_builder$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$set$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  $set_has_field_bit_builder$\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  $clear_has_field_bit_builder$\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  JavaType type = GetJavaType(descriptor_);
+  if (type == JAVATYPE_STRING || type == JAVATYPE_BYTES) {
+    // The default value is not a simple literal so we want to avoid executing
+    // it multiple times.  Instead, get the default out of the default instance.
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "  $name$_ = getDefaultInstance().get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "  $name$_ = $default$;\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for primitives
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (!IsDefaultValueJavaDefault(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $default$;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderClearCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$name$_ = $default$;\n"
+                 "$clear_has_field_bit_builder$\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "if (other.has$capitalized_name$()) {\n"
+                   "  set$capitalized_name$(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "if (other.get$capitalized_name$() != $default$) {\n"
+                   "  set$capitalized_name$(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateBuildingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    if (IsDefaultValueJavaDefault(descriptor_)) {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+                     "if ($get_has_field_bit_from_local$) {\n"
+                     "  result.$name$_ = $name$_;\n"
+                     "  $set_has_field_bit_to_local$;\n"
+                     "}\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+                     "if ($get_has_field_bit_from_local$) {\n"
+                     "  $set_has_field_bit_to_local$;\n"
+                     "}\n"
+                     "result.$name$_ = $name$_;\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "result.$name$_ = $name$_;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+                 "$name$_ = input.read$capitalized_type$();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingDoneCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for primitives.
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+                 "  output.write$capitalized_type$($number$, $name$_);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+                 "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+                 "    .compute$capitalized_type$Size($number$, $name$_);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateEqualsCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  switch (GetJavaType(descriptor_)) {
+    case JAVATYPE_INT:
+    case JAVATYPE_LONG:
+    case JAVATYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+                     "if (get$capitalized_name$()\n"
+                     "    != other.get$capitalized_name$()) return false;\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_FLOAT:
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "if (java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(get$capitalized_name$())\n"
+          "    != java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(\n"
+          "        other.get$capitalized_name$())) return false;\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_DOUBLE:
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "if (java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(get$capitalized_name$())\n"
+          "    != java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(\n"
+          "        other.get$capitalized_name$())) return false;\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+    case JAVATYPE_BYTES:
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "if (!get$capitalized_name$()\n"
+          "    .equals(other.get$capitalized_name$())) return false;\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+    case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateHashCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n");
+  switch (GetJavaType(descriptor_)) {
+    case JAVATYPE_INT:
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+                     "hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_LONG:
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "hash = (53 * hash) + com.google.protobuf.Internal.hashLong(\n"
+          "    get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "hash = (53 * hash) + com.google.protobuf.Internal.hashBoolean(\n"
+          "    get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_FLOAT:
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+                     "hash = (53 * hash) + java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(\n"
+                     "    get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_DOUBLE:
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "hash = (53 * hash) + com.google.protobuf.Internal.hashLong(\n"
+          "    java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(get$capitalized_name$()));\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+    case JAVATYPE_BYTES:
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$().hashCode();\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+    case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+std::string ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(descriptor_));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context)
+    : ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator(descriptor, messageBitIndex,
+                                       builderBitIndex, context) {
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* info =
+      context->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, info, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::
+    ~ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "    return ($boxed_type$) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  return $default$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "    return ($boxed_type$) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  return $default$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$set$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "  $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "    $clear_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+      "    $on_changed$\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateBuildingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "  result.$oneof_name$_ = $oneof_name$_;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "set$capitalized_name$(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "$oneof_name$_ = input.read$capitalized_type$();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "  output.write$capitalized_type$(\n");
+  // $type$ and $boxed_type$ is the same for bytes fields so we don't need to
+  // do redundant casts.
+  if (GetJavaType(descriptor_) == JAVATYPE_BYTES) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "      $number$, ($type$) $oneof_name$_);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "      $number$, ($type$)(($boxed_type$) $oneof_name$_));\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+                 "    .compute$capitalized_type$Size(\n");
+  // $type$ and $boxed_type$ is the same for bytes fields so we don't need to
+  // do redundant casts.
+  if (GetJavaType(descriptor_) == JAVATYPE_BYTES) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "        $number$, ($type$) $oneof_name$_);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "        $number$, ($type$)(($boxed_type$) $oneof_name$_));\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::
+    RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                             int messageBitIndex,
+                                             int builderBitIndex,
+                                             Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                        context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                        name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::
+    ~RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator() {}
+
+int RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return 1;
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$java.util.List<$boxed_type$> "
+                 "get$capitalized_name$List();\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Count();\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private $field_list_type$ $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$boxed_type$>\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_;\n"  // note:  unmodifiable list
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+      "  return $repeated_get$(index);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "private int $name$MemoizedSerializedSize = -1;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // One field is the list and the bit field keeps track of whether the
+  // list is immutable. If it's immutable, the invariant is that it must
+  // either an instance of Collections.emptyList() or it's an ArrayList
+  // wrapped in a Collections.unmodifiableList() wrapper and nobody else has
+  // a refererence to the underlying ArrayList. This invariant allows us to
+  // share instances of lists between protocol buffers avoiding expensive
+  // memory allocations. Note, immutable is a strong guarantee here -- not
+  // just that the list cannot be modified via the reference but that the
+  // list can never be modified.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private $field_list_type$ $name$_ = $empty_list$;\n");
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable() {\n"
+                 "  if (!$get_mutable_bit_builder$) {\n"
+                 "    $name$_ = $mutable_copy_list$;\n"
+                 "    $set_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+                 "   }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  // Note:  We return an unmodifiable list because otherwise the caller
+  //   could hold on to the returned list and modify it after the message
+  //   has been built, thus mutating the message which is supposed to be
+  //   immutable.
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$boxed_type$>\n"
+      "    ${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $get_mutable_bit_builder$ ?\n"
+      "           java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList($name$_) : $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+      "  return $repeated_get$(index);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $repeated_set$(index, value);\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$add$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $repeated_add$(value);\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_MULTI_ADDER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$addAll$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $boxed_type$> values) {\n"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.addAll(\n"
+                 "      values, $name$_);\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = $empty_list$;\n"
+      "  $clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+      "  $on_changed$\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::
+    GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for primitives
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $empty_list$;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderClearCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$name$_ = $empty_list$;\n"
+                 "$clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The code below does two optimizations:
+  //   1. If the other list is empty, there's nothing to do. This ensures we
+  //      don't allocate a new array if we already have an immutable one.
+  //   2. If the other list is non-empty and our current list is empty, we can
+  //      reuse the other list which is guaranteed to be immutable.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (!other.$name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+                 "  if ($name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+                 "    $name$_ = other.$name$_;\n"
+                 "    $clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+                 "  } else {\n"
+                 "    ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "    $name$_.addAll(other.$name$_);\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateBuildingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The code below ensures that the result has an immutable list. If our
+  // list is immutable, we can just reuse it. If not, we make it immutable.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($get_mutable_bit_builder$) {\n"
+                 "  $name_make_immutable$;\n"
+                 "  $clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+                 "}\n"
+                 "result.$name$_ = $name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (!$get_mutable_bit_parser$) {\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = $create_list$;\n"
+                 "  $set_mutable_bit_parser$;\n"
+                 "}\n"
+                 "$repeated_add$(input.read$capitalized_type$());\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "int length = input.readRawVarint32();\n"
+      "int limit = input.pushLimit(length);\n"
+      "if (!$get_mutable_bit_parser$ && input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = $create_list$;\n"
+      "  $set_mutable_bit_parser$;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {\n"
+      "  $repeated_add$(input.read$capitalized_type$());\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "input.popLimit(limit);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingDoneCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($get_mutable_bit_parser$) {\n"
+                 "  $name_make_immutable$; // C\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+    // We invoke getSerializedSize in writeTo for messages that have packed
+    // fields in ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateMessageSerializationMethods.
+    // That makes it safe to rely on the memoized size here.
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "if (get$capitalized_name$List().size() > 0) {\n"
+                   "  output.writeUInt32NoTag($tag$);\n"
+                   "  output.writeUInt32NoTag($name$MemoizedSerializedSize);\n"
+                   "}\n"
+                   "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+                   "  output.write$capitalized_type$NoTag($repeated_get$(i));\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+        "  output.write$capitalized_type$($number$, $repeated_get$(i));\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "{\n"
+                 "  int dataSize = 0;\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  if (FixedSize(GetType(descriptor_)) == -1) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+        "  dataSize += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+        "    .compute$capitalized_type$SizeNoTag($repeated_get$(i));\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "dataSize = $fixed_size$ * get$capitalized_name$List().size();\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("size += dataSize;\n");
+
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "if (!get$capitalized_name$List().isEmpty()) {\n"
+                   "  size += $tag_size$;\n"
+                   "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+                   "      .computeInt32SizeNoTag(dataSize);\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "size += $tag_size$ * get$capitalized_name$List().size();\n");
+  }
+
+  // cache the data size for packed fields.
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "$name$MemoizedSerializedSize = dataSize;\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateEqualsCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if (!get$capitalized_name$List()\n"
+      "    .equals(other.get$capitalized_name$List())) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateHashCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if (get$capitalized_name$Count() > 0) {\n"
+      "  hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+      "  hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$List().hashCode();\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+std::string RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(descriptor_));
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db20750e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator : public ImmutableFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                            int messageBitIndex,
+                                            int builderBitIndex,
+                                            Context* context);
+  ~ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldGenerator
+  // ---------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator
+    : public ImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                        int messageBitIndex,
+                                        int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator
+    : public ImmutableFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  virtual ~RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f038412bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,639 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+namespace {
+bool EnableExperimentalRuntimeForLite() {
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_EXPERIMENT
+  return PROTOBUF_EXPERIMENT;
+#else   // PROTOBUF_EXPERIMENT
+  return false;
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_EXPERIMENT
+}
+
+void SetPrimitiveVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                           int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+                           const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                           ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+                           std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+  JavaType javaType = GetJavaType(descriptor);
+  (*variables)["type"] = PrimitiveTypeName(javaType);
+  (*variables)["boxed_type"] = BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(javaType);
+  (*variables)["field_type"] = (*variables)["type"];
+  (*variables)["default"] = ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver);
+  (*variables)["capitalized_type"] =
+      GetCapitalizedType(descriptor, /* immutable = */ true);
+  (*variables)["tag"] =
+      StrCat(static_cast<int32>(WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor)));
+  (*variables)["tag_size"] = StrCat(
+      WireFormat::TagSize(descriptor->number(), GetType(descriptor)));
+  (*variables)["required"] = descriptor->is_required() ? "true" : "false";
+
+  std::string capitalized_type = UnderscoresToCamelCase(
+      PrimitiveTypeName(javaType), true /* cap_next_letter */);
+  switch (javaType) {
+    case JAVATYPE_INT:
+    case JAVATYPE_LONG:
+    case JAVATYPE_FLOAT:
+    case JAVATYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case JAVATYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      (*variables)["field_list_type"] =
+          "com.google.protobuf.Internal." + capitalized_type + "List";
+      (*variables)["empty_list"] = "empty" + capitalized_type + "List()";
+      (*variables)["make_name_unmodifiable"] =
+          (*variables)["name"] + "_.makeImmutable()";
+      (*variables)["repeated_get"] =
+          (*variables)["name"] + "_.get" + capitalized_type;
+      (*variables)["repeated_add"] =
+          (*variables)["name"] + "_.add" + capitalized_type;
+      (*variables)["repeated_set"] =
+          (*variables)["name"] + "_.set" + capitalized_type;
+      (*variables)["visit_type"] = capitalized_type;
+      (*variables)["visit_type_list"] = "visit" + capitalized_type + "List";
+      break;
+    default:
+      (*variables)["field_list_type"] =
+          "com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList<" +
+          (*variables)["boxed_type"] + ">";
+      (*variables)["empty_list"] = "emptyProtobufList()";
+      (*variables)["make_name_unmodifiable"] =
+          (*variables)["name"] + "_.makeImmutable()";
+      (*variables)["repeated_get"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.get";
+      (*variables)["repeated_add"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.add";
+      (*variables)["repeated_set"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.set";
+      (*variables)["visit_type"] = "ByteString";
+      (*variables)["visit_type_list"] = "visitList";
+  }
+
+  if (javaType == JAVATYPE_BYTES) {
+    (*variables)["bytes_default"] =
+        ToUpper((*variables)["name"]) + "_DEFAULT_VALUE";
+  }
+
+  if (IsReferenceType(javaType)) {
+    // We use `x.getClass()` as a null check because it generates less bytecode
+    // than an `if (x == null) { throw ... }` statement.
+    (*variables)["null_check"] = "  value.getClass();\n";
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["null_check"] = "";
+  }
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] =
+      descriptor->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+  int fixed_size = FixedSize(GetType(descriptor));
+  if (fixed_size != -1) {
+    (*variables)["fixed_size"] = StrCat(fixed_size);
+  }
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+    // For singular messages and builders, one bit is used for the hasField bit.
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+
+    // Note that these have a trailing ";".
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateClearBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+
+    if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+      (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+          "!" + (*variables)["name"] + "_.isEmpty()";
+    } else {
+      (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+          (*variables)["name"] + "_ != " + (*variables)["default"];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // For repeated builders, the underlying list tracks mutability state.
+  (*variables)["is_mutable"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.isModifiable()";
+
+  (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_from_local"] =
+      GenerateGetBitFromLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_to_local"] =
+      GenerateSetBitToLocal(messageBitIndex);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      messageBitIndex_(messageBitIndex),
+      name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, 0,
+                        context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                        name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::~ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$boolean has$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (IsByteStringWithCustomDefaultValue(descriptor_)) {
+    // allocate this once statically since we know ByteStrings are immutable
+    // values that can be reused.
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "private static final $field_type$ $bytes_default$ = $default$;\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private $field_type$ $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $get_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  $clear_has_field_bit_message$\n");
+  JavaType type = GetJavaType(descriptor_);
+  if (type == JAVATYPE_STRING || type == JAVATYPE_BYTES) {
+    // The default value is not a simple literal so we want to avoid executing
+    // it multiple times.  Instead, get the default out of the default instance.
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "  $name$_ = getDefaultInstance().get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "  $name$_ = $default$;\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_, "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$set$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateFieldInfo(
+    io::Printer* printer, std::vector<uint16>* output) const {
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->number(), output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(descriptor_),
+                              output);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(messageBitIndex_, output);
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_, "\"$name$_\",\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (IsByteStringWithCustomDefaultValue(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $bytes_default$;\n");
+  } else if (!IsDefaultValueJavaDefault(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $default$;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+std::string ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(descriptor_));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+    ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                              int messageBitIndex,
+                                              Context* context)
+    : ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator(descriptor, messageBitIndex,
+                                           context) {
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* info =
+      context->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, info, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+    ~ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "    return ($boxed_type$) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  return $default$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "  $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "    $clear_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateFieldInfo(
+    io::Printer* printer, std::vector<uint16>* output) const {
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->number(), output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(descriptor_),
+                              output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->containing_oneof()->index(), output);
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$set$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+    RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator(
+        const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+        Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      context_(context),
+      name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, 0,
+                        context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                        name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+    ~RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$java.util.List<$boxed_type$> "
+                 "get$capitalized_name$List();\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Count();\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private $field_list_type$ $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$boxed_type$>\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_;\n"  // note:  unmodifiable list
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+      "  return $repeated_get$(index);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  if (!EnableExperimentalRuntimeForLite() && descriptor_->is_packed() &&
+      context_->HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "private int $name$MemoizedSerializedSize = -1;\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private void ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable() {\n"
+      "  if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+      "    $name$_ =\n"
+      "        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.mutableCopy($name$_);\n"
+      "   }\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_SETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+                 "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $repeated_set$(index, value);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void add$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $repeated_add$(value);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_MULTI_ADDER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void addAll$capitalized_name$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $boxed_type$> values) {\n"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.addAll(\n"
+                 "      values, $name$_);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = $empty_list$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$boxed_type$>\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(\n"
+                 "      instance.get$capitalized_name$List());\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Count();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public $type$ ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+      "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$(index);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(index, value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder "
+                 "${$add$capitalized_name$$}$($type$ value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_MULTI_ADDER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$addAll$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $boxed_type$> values) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.addAll$capitalized_name$(values);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateFieldInfo(
+    io::Printer* printer, std::vector<uint16>* output) const {
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->number(), output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(descriptor_),
+                              output);
+  printer->Print(variables_, "\"$name$_\",\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $empty_list$;\n");
+}
+
+std::string RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(descriptor_));
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5867cee74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_LITE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator
+  // ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldInfo(io::Printer* printer,
+                         std::vector<uint16>* output) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  const int messageBitIndex_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                            int messageBitIndex,
+                                            Context* context);
+  ~ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  void GenerateFieldInfo(io::Printer* printer,
+                         std::vector<uint16>* output) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, Context* context);
+  virtual ~RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldInfo(io::Printer* printer,
+                         std::vector<uint16>* output) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e30d155e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+ServiceGenerator::ServiceGenerator(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor) {}
+
+ServiceGenerator::~ServiceGenerator() {}
+
+// ===================================================================
+ImmutableServiceGenerator::ImmutableServiceGenerator(
+    const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor, Context* context)
+    : ServiceGenerator(descriptor),
+      context_(context),
+      name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {}
+
+ImmutableServiceGenerator::~ImmutableServiceGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableServiceGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  bool is_own_file = IsOwnFile(descriptor_, /* immutable = */ true);
+  WriteServiceDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  MaybePrintGeneratedAnnotation(context_, printer, descriptor_,
+                                /* immutable = */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      "public $static$ abstract class $classname$\n"
+      "    implements com.google.protobuf.Service {\n",
+      "static", is_own_file ? "" : "static", "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print("protected $classname$() {}\n\n", "classname",
+                 descriptor_->name());
+
+  GenerateInterface(printer);
+
+  GenerateNewReflectiveServiceMethod(printer);
+  GenerateNewReflectiveBlockingServiceMethod(printer);
+
+  GenerateAbstractMethods(printer);
+
+  // Generate getDescriptor() and getDescriptorForType().
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static final\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.ServiceDescriptor\n"
+      "    getDescriptor() {\n"
+      "  return $file$.getDescriptor().getServices().get($index$);\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "file", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file()),
+      "index", StrCat(descriptor_->index()));
+  GenerateGetDescriptorForType(printer);
+
+  // Generate more stuff.
+  GenerateCallMethod(printer);
+  GenerateGetPrototype(REQUEST, printer);
+  GenerateGetPrototype(RESPONSE, printer);
+  GenerateStub(printer);
+  GenerateBlockingStub(printer);
+
+  // Add an insertion point.
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:$full_name$)\n",
+      "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateGetDescriptorForType(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "public final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.ServiceDescriptor\n"
+      "    getDescriptorForType() {\n"
+      "  return getDescriptor();\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateInterface(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print("public interface Interface {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  GenerateAbstractMethods(printer);
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateNewReflectiveServiceMethod(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static com.google.protobuf.Service newReflectiveService(\n"
+      "    final Interface impl) {\n"
+      "  return new $classname$() {\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->method_count(); i++) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = descriptor_->method(i);
+    printer->Print("@java.lang.Override\n");
+    GenerateMethodSignature(printer, method, IS_CONCRETE);
+    printer->Print(
+        " {\n"
+        "  impl.$method$(controller, request, done);\n"
+        "}\n\n",
+        "method", UnderscoresToCamelCase(method));
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("};\n");
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateNewReflectiveBlockingServiceMethod(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static com.google.protobuf.BlockingService\n"
+      "    newReflectiveBlockingService(final BlockingInterface impl) {\n"
+      "  return new com.google.protobuf.BlockingService() {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  GenerateGetDescriptorForType(printer);
+
+  GenerateCallBlockingMethod(printer);
+  GenerateGetPrototype(REQUEST, printer);
+  GenerateGetPrototype(RESPONSE, printer);
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("};\n");
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateAbstractMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->method_count(); i++) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = descriptor_->method(i);
+    WriteMethodDocComment(printer, method);
+    GenerateMethodSignature(printer, method, IS_ABSTRACT);
+    printer->Print(";\n\n");
+  }
+}
+
+std::string ImmutableServiceGenerator::GetOutput(
+    const MethodDescriptor* method) {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(method->output_type());
+}
+
+void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateCallMethod(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "public final void callMethod(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.RpcController controller,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.Message request,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.RpcCallback<\n"
+      "      com.google.protobuf.Message> done) {\n"
+      "  if (method.getService() != getDescriptor()) {\n"
+      "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(\n"
+      "      \"Service.callMethod() given method descriptor for wrong \" +\n"
+      "      \"service type.\");\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  switch(method.getIndex()) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->method_count(); i++) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = descriptor_->method(i);
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    vars["index"] = StrCat(i);
+    vars["method"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(method);
+    vars["input"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(method->input_type());
+    vars["output"] = GetOutput(method);
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "case $index$:\n"
+        "  this.$method$(controller, ($input$)request,\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.RpcUtil.<$output$>specializeCallback(\n"
+        "      done));\n"
+        "  return;\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "default:\n"
+      "  throw new java.lang.AssertionError(\"Can't get here.\");\n");
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateCallBlockingMethod(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "public final com.google.protobuf.Message callBlockingMethod(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.RpcController controller,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.Message request)\n"
+      "    throws com.google.protobuf.ServiceException {\n"
+      "  if (method.getService() != getDescriptor()) {\n"
+      "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(\n"
+      "      \"Service.callBlockingMethod() given method descriptor for \" +\n"
+      "      \"wrong service type.\");\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  switch(method.getIndex()) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->method_count(); i++) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = descriptor_->method(i);
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    vars["index"] = StrCat(i);
+    vars["method"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(method);
+    vars["input"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(method->input_type());
+    vars["output"] = GetOutput(method);
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "case $index$:\n"
+                   "  return impl.$method$(controller, ($input$)request);\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "default:\n"
+      "  throw new java.lang.AssertionError(\"Can't get here.\");\n");
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateGetPrototype(RequestOrResponse which,
+                                                     io::Printer* printer) {
+  /*
+   * TODO(cpovirk): The exception message says "Service.foo" when it may be
+   * "BlockingService.foo."  Consider fixing.
+   */
+  printer->Print(
+      "public final com.google.protobuf.Message\n"
+      "    get$request_or_response$Prototype(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method) {\n"
+      "  if (method.getService() != getDescriptor()) {\n"
+      "    throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(\n"
+      "      \"Service.get$request_or_response$Prototype() given method \" +\n"
+      "      \"descriptor for wrong service type.\");\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  switch(method.getIndex()) {\n",
+      "request_or_response", (which == REQUEST) ? "Request" : "Response");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->method_count(); i++) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = descriptor_->method(i);
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    vars["index"] = StrCat(i);
+    vars["type"] =
+        (which == REQUEST)
+            ? name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(method->input_type())
+            : GetOutput(method);
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "case $index$:\n"
+                   "  return $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "default:\n"
+      "  throw new java.lang.AssertionError(\"Can't get here.\");\n");
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateStub(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static Stub newStub(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.RpcChannel channel) {\n"
+      "  return new Stub(channel);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "public static final class Stub extends $classname$ implements Interface "
+      "{"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "private Stub(com.google.protobuf.RpcChannel channel) {\n"
+      "  this.channel = channel;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "private final com.google.protobuf.RpcChannel channel;\n"
+      "\n"
+      "public com.google.protobuf.RpcChannel getChannel() {\n"
+      "  return channel;\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->method_count(); i++) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = descriptor_->method(i);
+    printer->Print("\n");
+    GenerateMethodSignature(printer, method, IS_CONCRETE);
+    printer->Print(" {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    vars["index"] = StrCat(i);
+    vars["output"] = GetOutput(method);
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "channel.callMethod(\n"
+                   "  getDescriptor().getMethods().get($index$),\n"
+                   "  controller,\n"
+                   "  request,\n"
+                   "  $output$.getDefaultInstance(),\n"
+                   "  com.google.protobuf.RpcUtil.generalizeCallback(\n"
+                   "    done,\n"
+                   "    $output$.class,\n"
+                   "    $output$.getDefaultInstance()));\n");
+
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateBlockingStub(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static BlockingInterface newBlockingStub(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.BlockingRpcChannel channel) {\n"
+      "  return new BlockingStub(channel);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  printer->Print("public interface BlockingInterface {");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->method_count(); i++) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = descriptor_->method(i);
+    GenerateBlockingMethodSignature(printer, method);
+    printer->Print(";\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "private static final class BlockingStub implements BlockingInterface "
+      "{\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "private BlockingStub(com.google.protobuf.BlockingRpcChannel channel) {\n"
+      "  this.channel = channel;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "private final com.google.protobuf.BlockingRpcChannel channel;\n");
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->method_count(); i++) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = descriptor_->method(i);
+    GenerateBlockingMethodSignature(printer, method);
+    printer->Print(" {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    vars["index"] = StrCat(i);
+    vars["output"] = GetOutput(method);
+    printer->Print(vars,
+                   "return ($output$) channel.callBlockingMethod(\n"
+                   "  getDescriptor().getMethods().get($index$),\n"
+                   "  controller,\n"
+                   "  request,\n"
+                   "  $output$.getDefaultInstance());\n");
+
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+        "}\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateMethodSignature(
+    io::Printer* printer, const MethodDescriptor* method,
+    IsAbstract is_abstract) {
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+  vars["name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(method);
+  vars["input"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(method->input_type());
+  vars["output"] = GetOutput(method);
+  vars["abstract"] = (is_abstract == IS_ABSTRACT) ? "abstract" : "";
+  printer->Print(vars,
+                 "public $abstract$ void $name$(\n"
+                 "    com.google.protobuf.RpcController controller,\n"
+                 "    $input$ request,\n"
+                 "    com.google.protobuf.RpcCallback<$output$> done)");
+}
+
+void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateBlockingMethodSignature(
+    io::Printer* printer, const MethodDescriptor* method) {
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+  vars["method"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(method);
+  vars["input"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(method->input_type());
+  vars["output"] = GetOutput(method);
+  printer->Print(vars,
+                 "\n"
+                 "public $output$ $method$(\n"
+                 "    com.google.protobuf.RpcController controller,\n"
+                 "    $input$ request)\n"
+                 "    throws com.google.protobuf.ServiceException");
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c82c16c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.h
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_SERVICE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_SERVICE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ServiceGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ServiceGenerator(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor);
+  virtual ~ServiceGenerator();
+
+  virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+
+  enum RequestOrResponse { REQUEST, RESPONSE };
+  enum IsAbstract { IS_ABSTRACT, IS_CONCRETE };
+
+ protected:
+  const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ServiceGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutableServiceGenerator : public ServiceGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableServiceGenerator(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor,
+                            Context* context);
+  virtual ~ImmutableServiceGenerator();
+
+  virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  // Generate the getDescriptorForType() method.
+  void GenerateGetDescriptorForType(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate a Java interface for the service.
+  void GenerateInterface(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate newReflectiveService() method.
+  void GenerateNewReflectiveServiceMethod(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate newReflectiveBlockingService() method.
+  void GenerateNewReflectiveBlockingServiceMethod(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate abstract method declarations for all methods.
+  void GenerateAbstractMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate the implementation of Service.callMethod().
+  void GenerateCallMethod(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate the implementation of BlockingService.callBlockingMethod().
+  void GenerateCallBlockingMethod(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate the implementations of Service.get{Request,Response}Prototype().
+  void GenerateGetPrototype(RequestOrResponse which, io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate a stub implementation of the service.
+  void GenerateStub(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate a method signature, possibly abstract, without body or trailing
+  // semicolon.
+  void GenerateMethodSignature(io::Printer* printer,
+                               const MethodDescriptor* method,
+                               IsAbstract is_abstract);
+
+  // Generate a blocking stub interface and implementation of the service.
+  void GenerateBlockingStub(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generate the method signature for one method of a blocking stub.
+  void GenerateBlockingMethodSignature(io::Printer* printer,
+                                       const MethodDescriptor* method);
+
+  // Return the output type of the method.
+  std::string GetOutput(const MethodDescriptor* method);
+
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableServiceGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // NET_PROTO2_COMPILER_JAVA_SERVICE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f673e6830
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: xiaofeng@google.com (Feng Xiao)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+SharedCodeGenerator::SharedCodeGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                         const Options& options)
+    : name_resolver_(new ClassNameResolver), file_(file), options_(options) {}
+
+SharedCodeGenerator::~SharedCodeGenerator() {}
+
+void SharedCodeGenerator::Generate(
+    GeneratorContext* context, std::vector<std::string>* file_list,
+    std::vector<std::string>* annotation_file_list) {
+  std::string java_package = FileJavaPackage(file_);
+  std::string package_dir = JavaPackageToDir(java_package);
+
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, options_.enforce_lite)) {
+    // Generate descriptors.
+    std::string classname = name_resolver_->GetDescriptorClassName(file_);
+    std::string filename = package_dir + classname + ".java";
+    file_list->push_back(filename);
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(context->Open(filename));
+    GeneratedCodeInfo annotations;
+    io::AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> annotation_collector(
+        &annotations);
+    std::unique_ptr<io::Printer> printer(
+        new io::Printer(output.get(), '$',
+                        options_.annotate_code ? &annotation_collector : NULL));
+    std::string info_relative_path = classname + ".java.pb.meta";
+    std::string info_full_path = filename + ".pb.meta";
+    printer->Print(
+        "// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+        "// source: $filename$\n"
+        "\n",
+        "filename", file_->name());
+    if (!java_package.empty()) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "package $package$;\n"
+          "\n",
+          "package", java_package);
+    }
+    PrintGeneratedAnnotation(printer.get(), '$',
+                             options_.annotate_code ? info_relative_path : "");
+    printer->Print(
+        "public final class $classname$ {\n"
+        "  public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor\n"
+        "      descriptor;\n"
+        "  static {\n",
+        "classname", classname);
+    printer->Annotate("classname", file_->name());
+    printer->Indent();
+    printer->Indent();
+    GenerateDescriptors(printer.get());
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n");
+
+    if (options_.annotate_code) {
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> info_output(
+          context->Open(info_full_path));
+      annotations.SerializeToZeroCopyStream(info_output.get());
+      annotation_file_list->push_back(info_full_path);
+    }
+
+    printer.reset();
+    output.reset();
+  }
+}
+
+void SharedCodeGenerator::GenerateDescriptors(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Embed the descriptor.  We simply serialize the entire FileDescriptorProto
+  // and embed it as a string literal, which is parsed and built into real
+  // descriptors at initialization time.  We unfortunately have to put it in
+  // a string literal, not a byte array, because apparently using a literal
+  // byte array causes the Java compiler to generate *instructions* to
+  // initialize each and every byte of the array, e.g. as if you typed:
+  //   b[0] = 123; b[1] = 456; b[2] = 789;
+  // This makes huge bytecode files and can easily hit the compiler's internal
+  // code size limits (error "code to large").  String literals are apparently
+  // embedded raw, which is what we want.
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  file_->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+
+  std::string file_data;
+  file_proto.SerializeToString(&file_data);
+
+  printer->Print("java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // Limit the number of bytes per line.
+  static const int kBytesPerLine = 40;
+  // Limit the number of lines per string part.
+  static const int kLinesPerPart = 400;
+  // Every block of bytes, start a new string literal, in order to avoid the
+  // 64k length limit. Note that this value needs to be <64k.
+  static const int kBytesPerPart = kBytesPerLine * kLinesPerPart;
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_data.size(); i += kBytesPerLine) {
+    if (i > 0) {
+      if (i % kBytesPerPart == 0) {
+        printer->Print(",\n");
+      } else {
+        printer->Print(" +\n");
+      }
+    }
+    printer->Print("\"$data$\"", "data",
+                   CEscape(file_data.substr(i, kBytesPerLine)));
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("\n};\n");
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Find out all dependencies.
+  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> > dependencies;
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    std::string filename = file_->dependency(i)->name();
+    std::string package = FileJavaPackage(file_->dependency(i));
+    std::string classname =
+        name_resolver_->GetDescriptorClassName(file_->dependency(i));
+    std::string full_name;
+    if (package.empty()) {
+      full_name = classname;
+    } else {
+      full_name = package + "." + classname;
+    }
+    dependencies.push_back(std::make_pair(filename, full_name));
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Invoke internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom() to build the file.
+  printer->Print(
+      "descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor\n"
+      "  .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,\n");
+  printer->Print(
+      "    new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {\n");
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < dependencies.size(); i++) {
+    const std::string& dependency = dependencies[i].second;
+    printer->Print("      $dependency$.getDescriptor(),\n", "dependency",
+                   dependency);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("    });\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c79abe2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: xiaofeng@google.com (Feng Xiao)
+//
+// Generators that generate shared code between immutable API and mutable API.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_SHARED_CODE_GENERATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_SHARED_CODE_GENERATOR_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_options.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class FileDescriptor;  // descriptor.h
+namespace compiler {
+class GeneratorContext;  // code_generator.h
+namespace java {
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}
+}  // namespace compiler
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+// A generator that generates code that are shared between immutable API
+// and mutable API. Currently only descriptors are shared.
+class SharedCodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  SharedCodeGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options);
+  ~SharedCodeGenerator();
+
+  void Generate(GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+                std::vector<std::string>* file_list,
+                std::vector<std::string>* annotation_file_list);
+
+  void GenerateDescriptors(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<ClassNameResolver> name_resolver_;
+  const FileDescriptor* file_;
+  const Options options_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(SharedCodeGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_SHARED_CODE_GENERATOR_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4dec3940c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1049 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+// Author: jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetPrimitiveVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                           int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+                           const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                           ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+                           std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+
+  (*variables)["empty_list"] = "com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList.EMPTY";
+
+  (*variables)["default"] = ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver);
+  (*variables)["default_init"] =
+      "= " + ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver);
+  (*variables)["capitalized_type"] = "String";
+  (*variables)["tag"] =
+      StrCat(static_cast<int32>(WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor)));
+  (*variables)["tag_size"] = StrCat(
+      WireFormat::TagSize(descriptor->number(), GetType(descriptor)));
+  (*variables)["null_check"] =
+      "  if (value == null) {\n"
+      "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+      "  }\n";
+  (*variables)["writeString"] = "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage" +
+                                GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix() + ".writeString";
+  (*variables)["computeStringSize"] = "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage" +
+                                      GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix() +
+                                      ".computeStringSize";
+
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] =
+      descriptor->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+  (*variables)["on_changed"] = "onChanged();";
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+    // For singular messages and builders, one bit is used for the hasField bit.
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_builder"] = GenerateGetBit(builderBitIndex);
+
+    // Note that these have a trailing ";".
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_builder"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(builderBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_builder"] =
+        GenerateClearBit(builderBitIndex) + ";";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_builder"] = "";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_builder"] = "";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+        "!get" + (*variables)["capitalized_name"] + "Bytes().isEmpty()";
+  }
+
+  // For repeated builders, one bit is used for whether the array is immutable.
+  (*variables)["get_mutable_bit_builder"] = GenerateGetBit(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_mutable_bit_builder"] = GenerateSetBit(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["clear_mutable_bit_builder"] = GenerateClearBit(builderBitIndex);
+
+  // For repeated fields, one bit is used for whether the array is immutable
+  // in the parsing constructor.
+  (*variables)["get_mutable_bit_parser"] =
+      GenerateGetBitMutableLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_mutable_bit_parser"] =
+      GenerateSetBitMutableLocal(builderBitIndex);
+
+  (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_from_local"] =
+      GenerateGetBitFromLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_to_local"] =
+      GenerateSetBitToLocal(messageBitIndex);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::ImmutableStringFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                        context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                        name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::~ImmutableStringFieldGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+int ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return GetNumBitsForMessage();
+}
+
+// A note about how strings are handled. This code used to just store a String
+// in the Message. This had two issues:
+//
+//  1. It wouldn't roundtrip byte arrays that were not vaid UTF-8 encoded
+//     strings, but rather fields that were raw bytes incorrectly marked
+//     as strings in the proto file. This is common because in the proto1
+//     syntax, string was the way to indicate bytes and C++ engineers can
+//     easily make this mistake without affecting the C++ API. By converting to
+//     strings immediately, some java code might corrupt these byte arrays as
+//     it passes through a java server even if the field was never accessed by
+//     application code.
+//
+//  2. There's a performance hit to converting between bytes and strings and
+//     it many cases, the field is never even read by the application code. This
+//     avoids unnecessary conversions in the common use cases.
+//
+// So now, the field for String is maintained as an Object reference which can
+// either store a String or a ByteString. The code uses an instanceof check
+// to see which one it has and converts to the other one if needed. It remembers
+// the last value requested (in a thread safe manner) as this is most likely
+// the one needed next. The thread safety is such that if two threads both
+// convert the field because the changes made by each thread were not visible to
+// the other, they may cause a conversion to happen more times than would
+// otherwise be necessary. This was deemed better than adding synchronization
+// overhead. It will not cause any corruption issues or affect the behavior of
+// the API. The instanceof check is also highly optimized in the JVM and we
+// decided it was better to reduce the memory overhead by not having two
+// separate fields but rather use dynamic type checking.
+//
+// For single fields, the logic for this is done inside the generated code. For
+// repeated fields, the logic is done in LazyStringArrayList and
+// UnmodifiableLazyStringList.
+void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$boolean has$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$java.lang.String get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    get$capitalized_name$Bytes();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private volatile java.lang.Object $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $get_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public java.lang.String ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  java.lang.Object ref = $name$_;\n"
+      "  if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {\n"
+      "    return (java.lang.String) ref;\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = \n"
+      "        (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;\n"
+      "    java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "    $name$_ = s;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "    if (bs.isValidUtf8()) {\n"
+                   "      $name$_ = s;\n"
+                   "    }\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "    return s;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$() {\n"
+                 "  java.lang.Object ref = $name$_;\n"
+                 "  if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {\n"
+                 "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = \n"
+                 "        com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(\n"
+                 "            (java.lang.String) ref);\n"
+                 "    $name$_ = b;\n"
+                 "    return b;\n"
+                 "  } else {\n"
+                 "    return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private java.lang.Object $name$_ $default_init$;\n");
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $get_has_field_bit_builder$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public java.lang.String ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  java.lang.Object ref = $name$_;\n"
+      "  if (!(ref instanceof java.lang.String)) {\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =\n"
+      "        (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;\n"
+      "    java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "    $name$_ = s;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "    if (bs.isValidUtf8()) {\n"
+                   "      $name$_ = s;\n"
+                   "    }\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "    return s;\n"
+                 "  } else {\n"
+                 "    return (java.lang.String) ref;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$() {\n"
+                 "  java.lang.Object ref = $name$_;\n"
+                 "  if (ref instanceof String) {\n"
+                 "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = \n"
+                 "        com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(\n"
+                 "            (java.lang.String) ref);\n"
+                 "    $name$_ = b;\n"
+                 "    return b;\n"
+                 "  } else {\n"
+                 "    return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  $set_has_field_bit_builder$\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  $clear_has_field_bit_builder$\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  // The default value is not a simple literal so we want to avoid executing
+  // it multiple times.  Instead, get the default out of the default instance.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "  $name$_ = getDefaultInstance().get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                                          /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n"
+      "$null_check$");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "  checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "  $set_has_field_bit_builder$\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for primitives
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $default$;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderClearCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$name$_ = $default$;\n"
+                 "$clear_has_field_bit_builder$\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Allow a slight breach of abstraction here in order to avoid forcing
+    // all string fields to Strings when copying fields from a Message.
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "if (other.has$capitalized_name$()) {\n"
+                   "  $set_has_field_bit_builder$\n"
+                   "  $name$_ = other.$name$_;\n"
+                   "  $on_changed$\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "if (!other.get$capitalized_name$().isEmpty()) {\n"
+                   "  $name$_ = other.$name$_;\n"
+                   "  $on_changed$\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateBuildingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "if ($get_has_field_bit_from_local$) {\n"
+                   "  $set_has_field_bit_to_local$;\n"
+                   "}\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_, "result.$name$_ = $name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "java.lang.String s = input.readStringRequireUtf8();\n"
+                   "$set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+                   "$name$_ = s;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = input.readBytes();\n"
+                   "$set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+                   "$name$_ = bs;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingDoneCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for strings.
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+                 "  $writeString$(output, $number$, $name$_);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+                 "  size += $computeStringSize$($number$, $name$_);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateEqualsCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (!get$capitalized_name$()\n"
+                 "    .equals(other.get$capitalized_name$())) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateHashCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n");
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$().hashCode();\n");
+}
+
+std::string ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return "java.lang.String";
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator::ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context)
+    : ImmutableStringFieldGenerator(descriptor, messageBitIndex,
+                                    builderBitIndex, context) {
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* info =
+      context->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, info, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator::~ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public java.lang.String ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  java.lang.Object ref $default_init$;\n"
+      "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "    ref = $oneof_name$_;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {\n"
+      "    return (java.lang.String) ref;\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = \n"
+      "        (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;\n"
+      "    java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "    if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                   "      $oneof_name$_ = s;\n"
+                   "    }\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "    if (bs.isValidUtf8() && ($has_oneof_case_message$)) {\n"
+                   "      $oneof_name$_ = s;\n"
+                   "    }\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "    return s;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$() {\n"
+                 "  java.lang.Object ref $default_init$;\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "    ref = $oneof_name$_;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {\n"
+                 "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = \n"
+                 "        com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(\n"
+                 "            (java.lang.String) ref);\n"
+                 "    if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "      $oneof_name$_ = b;\n"
+                 "    }\n"
+                 "    return b;\n"
+                 "  } else {\n"
+                 "    return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public java.lang.String ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  java.lang.Object ref $default_init$;\n"
+      "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "    ref = $oneof_name$_;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  if (!(ref instanceof java.lang.String)) {\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =\n"
+      "        (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;\n"
+      "    java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();\n"
+      "    if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "      $oneof_name$_ = s;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "      if (bs.isValidUtf8()) {\n"
+                   "        $oneof_name$_ = s;\n"
+                   "      }\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "    }\n"
+                 "    return s;\n"
+                 "  } else {\n"
+                 "    return (java.lang.String) ref;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$() {\n"
+                 "  java.lang.Object ref $default_init$;\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "    ref = $oneof_name$_;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  if (ref instanceof String) {\n"
+                 "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = \n"
+                 "        com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(\n"
+                 "            (java.lang.String) ref);\n"
+                 "    if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "      $oneof_name$_ = b;\n"
+                 "    }\n"
+                 "    return b;\n"
+                 "  } else {\n"
+                 "    return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "  $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "    $clear_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+      "    $on_changed$\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                                          /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n"
+      "$null_check$");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "  checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "  $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Allow a slight breach of abstraction here in order to avoid forcing
+  // all string fields to Strings when copying fields from a Message.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "$oneof_name$_ = other.$oneof_name$_;\n"
+                 "$on_changed$\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateBuildingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "  result.$oneof_name$_ = $oneof_name$_;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "java.lang.String s = input.readStringRequireUtf8();\n"
+                   "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                   "$oneof_name$_ = s;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = input.readBytes();\n"
+                   "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                   "$oneof_name$_ = bs;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "  $writeString$(output, $number$, $oneof_name$_);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "  size += $computeStringSize$($number$, $oneof_name$_);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                        context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                        name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::
+    ~RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator() {}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return 1;
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      // NOTE: the same method in the implementation class actually returns
+      // com.google.protobuf.ProtocolStringList (a subclass of List). It's
+      // changed between protobuf 2.5.0 release and protobuf 2.6.1 release.
+      // To retain binary compatibility with both 2.5.0 and 2.6.1 generated
+      // code, we make this interface method return List so both methods
+      // with different return types exist in the compiled byte code.
+      "$deprecation$java.util.List<java.lang.String>\n"
+      "    get$capitalized_name$List();\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Count();\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$java.lang.String get$capitalized_name$(int index);\n");
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    get$capitalized_name$Bytes(int index);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private com.google.protobuf.LazyStringList $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ProtocolStringList\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_;\n"  // note:  unmodifiable list
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public java.lang.String "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_.get(index);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$(int index) {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_.getByteString(index);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // One field is the list and the bit field keeps track of whether the
+  // list is immutable. If it's immutable, the invariant is that it must
+  // either an instance of Collections.emptyList() or it's an ArrayList
+  // wrapped in a Collections.unmodifiableList() wrapper and nobody else has
+  // a refererence to the underlying ArrayList. This invariant allows us to
+  // share instances of lists between protocol buffers avoiding expensive
+  // memory allocations. Note, immutable is a strong guarantee here -- not
+  // just that the list cannot be modified via the reference but that the
+  // list can never be modified.
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private com.google.protobuf.LazyStringList $name$_ = $empty_list$;\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private void ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable() {\n"
+      "  if (!$get_mutable_bit_builder$) {\n"
+      "    $name$_ = new com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList($name$_);\n"
+      "    $set_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+      "   }\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  // Note:  We return an unmodifiable list because otherwise the caller
+  //   could hold on to the returned list and modify it after the message
+  //   has been built, thus mutating the message which is supposed to be
+  //   immutable.
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ProtocolStringList\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_.getUnmodifiableView();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public java.lang.String "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_.get(index);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$(int index) {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_.getByteString(index);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    int index, java.lang.String value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $name$_.set(index, value);\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$add$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $name$_.add(value);\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_MULTI_ADDER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$addAll$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.Iterable<java.lang.String> values) {\n"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.addAll(\n"
+                 "      values, $name$_);\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = $empty_list$;\n"
+      "  $clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+      "  $on_changed$\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER,
+                                          /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$add$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n"
+      "$null_check$");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "  checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $name$_.add(value);\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::
+    GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for primitives
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $empty_list$;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateBuilderClearCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$name$_ = $empty_list$;\n"
+                 "$clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The code below does two optimizations:
+  //   1. If the other list is empty, there's nothing to do. This ensures we
+  //      don't allocate a new array if we already have an immutable one.
+  //   2. If the other list is non-empty and our current list is empty, we can
+  //      reuse the other list which is guaranteed to be immutable.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (!other.$name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+                 "  if ($name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+                 "    $name$_ = other.$name$_;\n"
+                 "    $clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+                 "  } else {\n"
+                 "    ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "    $name$_.addAll(other.$name$_);\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  $on_changed$\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateBuildingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The code below ensures that the result has an immutable list. If our
+  // list is immutable, we can just reuse it. If not, we make it immutable.
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($get_mutable_bit_builder$) {\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = $name$_.getUnmodifiableView();\n"
+                 "  $clear_mutable_bit_builder$;\n"
+                 "}\n"
+                 "result.$name$_ = $name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "java.lang.String s = input.readStringRequireUtf8();\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = input.readBytes();\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if (!$get_mutable_bit_parser$) {\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = new com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList();\n"
+                 "  $set_mutable_bit_parser$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_.add(s);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_.add(bs);\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingDoneCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "if ($get_mutable_bit_parser$) {\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = $name$_.getUnmodifiableView();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+                 "  $writeString$(output, $number$, $name$_.getRaw(i));\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "{\n"
+                 "  int dataSize = 0;\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+                 "  dataSize += computeStringSizeNoTag($name$_.getRaw(i));\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  printer->Print("size += dataSize;\n");
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "size += $tag_size$ * get$capitalized_name$List().size();\n");
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateEqualsCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if (!get$capitalized_name$List()\n"
+      "    .equals(other.get$capitalized_name$List())) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GenerateHashCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if (get$capitalized_name$Count() > 0) {\n"
+      "  hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+      "  hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$List().hashCode();\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+std::string RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return "String";
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c00ae81c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+// Author: jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_STRING_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_STRING_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableStringFieldGenerator : public ImmutableFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableStringFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                         int messageBitIndex,
+                                         int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableStringFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldGenerator
+  // ---------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableStringFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator
+    : public ImmutableStringFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                     int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+                                     Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+ private:
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableStringOneofFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator : public ImmutableFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedImmutableStringFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_STRING_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2f22a5ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,729 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+// Author: jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetPrimitiveVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                           int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+                           const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                           ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+                           std::map<std::string, std::string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+
+  (*variables)["empty_list"] =
+      "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.emptyProtobufList()";
+
+  (*variables)["default"] = ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver);
+  (*variables)["default_init"] =
+      "= " + ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver);
+  (*variables)["capitalized_type"] = "java.lang.String";
+  (*variables)["tag"] =
+      StrCat(static_cast<int32>(WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor)));
+  (*variables)["tag_size"] = StrCat(
+      WireFormat::TagSize(descriptor->number(), GetType(descriptor)));
+  // We use `x.getClass()` as a null check because it generates less bytecode
+  // than an `if (x == null) { throw ... }` statement.
+  (*variables)["null_check"] = "  value.getClass();\n";
+
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] =
+      descriptor->options().deprecated() ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+  (*variables)["required"] = descriptor->is_required() ? "true" : "false";
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+    // For singular messages and builders, one bit is used for the hasField bit.
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+
+    // Note that these have a trailing ";".
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateClearBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+        "!" + (*variables)["name"] + "_.isEmpty()";
+  }
+
+  // For repeated builders, the underlying list tracks mutability state.
+  (*variables)["is_mutable"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.isModifiable()";
+
+  (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_from_local"] =
+      GenerateGetBitFromLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_to_local"] =
+      GenerateSetBitToLocal(messageBitIndex);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      messageBitIndex_(messageBitIndex),
+      name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, 0,
+                        context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                        name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::~ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+// A note about how strings are handled. In the SPEED and CODE_SIZE runtimes,
+// strings are not stored as java.lang.String in the Message because of two
+// issues:
+//
+//  1. It wouldn't roundtrip byte arrays that were not vaid UTF-8 encoded
+//     strings, but rather fields that were raw bytes incorrectly marked
+//     as strings in the proto file. This is common because in the proto1
+//     syntax, string was the way to indicate bytes and C++ engineers can
+//     easily make this mistake without affecting the C++ API. By converting to
+//     strings immediately, some java code might corrupt these byte arrays as
+//     it passes through a java server even if the field was never accessed by
+//     application code.
+//
+//  2. There's a performance hit to converting between bytes and strings and
+//     it many cases, the field is never even read by the application code. This
+//     avoids unnecessary conversions in the common use cases.
+//
+// In the LITE_RUNTIME, we store strings as java.lang.String because we assume
+// that the users of this runtime are not subject to proto1 constraints and are
+// running code on devices that are user facing. That is, the developers are
+// properly incentivized to only fetch the data they need to read and wish to
+// reduce the number of allocations incurred when running on a user's device.
+
+// TODO(dweis): Consider dropping all of the *Bytes() methods. They really
+//     shouldn't be necessary or used on devices.
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "$deprecation$boolean has$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$java.lang.String get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    get$capitalized_name$Bytes();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private java.lang.String $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $get_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public java.lang.String ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+      "    ${$get$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$() {\n"
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8($name$_);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  $clear_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+                 // The default value is not a simple literal so we want to
+                 // avoid executing it multiple times.  Instead, get the default
+                 // out of the default instance.
+                 "  $name$_ = getDefaultInstance().get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void set$capitalized_name$Bytes(\n"
+                 "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n");
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "  checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "  $name$_ = value.toStringUtf8();\n"
+                 "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public java.lang.String ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Bytes();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                                          /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.set$capitalized_name$Bytes(value);\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateFieldInfo(
+    io::Printer* printer, std::vector<uint16>* output) const {
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->number(), output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(descriptor_),
+                              output);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(messageBitIndex_, output);
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_, "\"$name$_\",\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $default$;\n");
+}
+
+std::string ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return "java.lang.String";
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator::ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, Context* context)
+    : ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator(descriptor, messageBitIndex, context) {
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* info =
+      context->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, info, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+    ~ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public java.lang.String ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  java.lang.String ref $default_init$;\n"
+      "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "    ref = (java.lang.String) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return ref;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$() {\n"
+                 "  java.lang.String ref $default_init$;\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "    ref = (java.lang.String) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "  return com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(ref);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "  $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+                 "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+                 "    $clear_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+                 "  }\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void ${$set$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$(\n"
+                 "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "  checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "  $oneof_name$_ = value.toStringUtf8();\n"
+                 "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateFieldInfo(
+    io::Printer* printer, std::vector<uint16>* output) const {
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->number(), output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(descriptor_),
+                              output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->containing_oneof()->index(), output);
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, HAZZER);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@java.lang.Override\n"
+        "$deprecation$public boolean ${$has$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+        "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public java.lang.String ${$get$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Bytes();\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, SETTER,
+                                          /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.set$capitalized_name$Bytes(value);\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+    RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                              int messageBitIndex,
+                                              Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, 0,
+                        context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                        name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+    ~RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInterfaceMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$java.util.List<java.lang.String>\n"
+                 "    get$capitalized_name$List();\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Count();\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$java.lang.String get$capitalized_name$(int index);\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    get$capitalized_name$Bytes(int index);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList<java.lang.String> "
+      "$name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public java.util.List<java.lang.String> "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_;\n"  // note:  unmodifiable list
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public java.lang.String "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+                 "  return $name$_.get(index);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$(int index) {\n"
+                 "  return com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(\n"
+                 "      $name$_.get(index));\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private void ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable() {\n"
+      "  if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+      "    $name$_ =\n"
+      "        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.mutableCopy($name$_);\n"
+      "   }\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_SETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+                 "    int index, java.lang.String value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $name$_.set(index, value);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+                 "$null_check$"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $name$_.add(value);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_MULTI_ADDER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void addAll$capitalized_name$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.Iterable<java.lang.String> values) {\n"
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.addAll(\n"
+                 "      values, $name$_);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+                 "  $name$_ = $empty_list$;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "private void add$capitalized_name$Bytes(\n"
+                 "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n");
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "  checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+                 "  $name$_.add(value.toStringUtf8());\n"
+                 "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilderMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public java.util.List<java.lang.String>\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$List$}$() {\n"
+                 "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(\n"
+                 "      instance.get$capitalized_name$List());\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_COUNT);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@java.lang.Override\n"
+      "$deprecation$public int ${$get$capitalized_name$Count$}$() {\n"
+      "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Count();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public java.lang.String "
+                 "${$get$capitalized_name$$}$(int index) {\n"
+                 "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$(index);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_,
+                                          LIST_INDEXED_GETTER);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "@java.lang.Override\n"
+                 "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+                 "    ${$get$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$(int index) {\n"
+                 "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Bytes(index);\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_INDEXED_SETTER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$set$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    int index, java.lang.String value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(index, value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$add$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_MULTI_ADDER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+                 "$deprecation$public Builder ${$addAll$capitalized_name$$}$(\n"
+                 "    java.lang.Iterable<java.lang.String> values) {\n"
+                 "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+                 "  instance.addAll$capitalized_name$(values);\n"
+                 "  return this;\n"
+                 "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+  WriteFieldAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, CLEARER,
+                               /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$clear$capitalized_name$$}$() {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+
+  WriteFieldStringBytesAccessorDocComment(printer, descriptor_, LIST_ADDER,
+                                          /* builder */ true);
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder ${$add$capitalized_name$Bytes$}$(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.add$capitalized_name$Bytes(value);\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Annotate("{", "}", descriptor_);
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateFieldInfo(
+    io::Printer* printer, std::vector<uint16>* output) const {
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(descriptor_->number(), output);
+  WriteIntToUtf16CharSequence(GetExperimentalJavaFieldType(descriptor_),
+                              output);
+  printer->Print(variables_, "\"$name$_\",\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GenerateInitializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $empty_list$;\n");
+}
+
+std::string RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return "java.lang.String";
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b67135cd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+// Author: jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_STRING_FIELD_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_STRING_FIELD_LITE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+class Context;            // context.h
+class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                             int messageBitIndex,
+                                             Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator
+  // ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldInfo(io::Printer* printer,
+                         std::vector<uint16>* output) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  const int messageBitIndex_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                         int messageBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+ private:
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldInfo(io::Printer* printer,
+                         std::vector<uint16>* output) const;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldInfo(io::Printer* printer,
+                         std::vector<uint16>* output) const;
+
+  std::string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> variables_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_STRING_FIELD_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1216f8ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,3952 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.h>
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/scc.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/js/well_known_types_embed.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace js {
+
+// Sorted list of JavaScript keywords. These cannot be used as names. If they
+// appear, we prefix them with "pb_".
+const char* kKeyword[] = {
+    "abstract",   "boolean",      "break",      "byte",    "case",
+    "catch",      "char",         "class",      "const",   "continue",
+    "debugger",   "default",      "delete",     "do",      "double",
+    "else",       "enum",         "export",     "extends", "false",
+    "final",      "finally",      "float",      "for",     "function",
+    "goto",       "if",           "implements", "import",  "in",
+    "instanceof", "int",          "interface",  "long",    "native",
+    "new",        "null",         "package",    "private", "protected",
+    "public",     "return",       "short",      "static",  "super",
+    "switch",     "synchronized", "this",       "throw",   "throws",
+    "transient",  "try",          "typeof",     "var",     "void",
+    "volatile",   "while",        "with",
+};
+
+static const int kNumKeyword = sizeof(kKeyword) / sizeof(char*);
+
+namespace {
+
+// The mode of operation for bytes fields. Historically JSPB always carried
+// bytes as JS {string}, containing base64 content by convention. With binary
+// and proto3 serialization the new convention is to represent it as binary
+// data in Uint8Array. See b/26173701 for background on the migration.
+enum BytesMode {
+  BYTES_DEFAULT,  // Default type for getBytesField to return.
+  BYTES_B64,      // Explicitly coerce to base64 string where needed.
+  BYTES_U8,       // Explicitly coerce to Uint8Array where needed.
+};
+
+bool IsReserved(const std::string& ident) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < kNumKeyword; i++) {
+    if (ident == kKeyword[i]) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool StrEndsWith(StringPiece sp, StringPiece x) {
+  return sp.size() >= x.size() && sp.substr(sp.size() - x.size()) == x;
+}
+
+// Returns a copy of |filename| with any trailing ".protodevel" or ".proto
+// suffix stripped.
+// TODO(haberman): Unify with copy in compiler/cpp/internal/helpers.cc.
+std::string StripProto(const std::string& filename) {
+  const char* suffix =
+      StrEndsWith(filename, ".protodevel") ? ".protodevel" : ".proto";
+  return StripSuffixString(filename, suffix);
+}
+
+std::string GetSnakeFilename(const std::string& filename) {
+  std::string snake_name = filename;
+  ReplaceCharacters(&snake_name, "/", '_');
+  return snake_name;
+}
+
+// Given a filename like foo/bar/baz.proto, returns the corresponding JavaScript
+// file foo/bar/baz.js.
+std::string GetJSFilename(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                          const std::string& filename) {
+  return StripProto(filename) + options.GetFileNameExtension();
+}
+
+// Given a filename like foo/bar/baz.proto, returns the root directory
+// path ../../
+std::string GetRootPath(const std::string& from_filename,
+                        const std::string& to_filename) {
+  if (to_filename.find("google/protobuf") == 0) {
+    // Well-known types (.proto files in the google/protobuf directory) are
+    // assumed to come from the 'google-protobuf' npm package.  We may want to
+    // generalize this exception later by letting others put generated code in
+    // their own npm packages.
+    return "google-protobuf/";
+  }
+
+  size_t slashes = std::count(from_filename.begin(), from_filename.end(), '/');
+  if (slashes == 0) {
+    return "./";
+  }
+  std::string result = "";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < slashes; i++) {
+    result += "../";
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Returns the alias we assign to the module of the given .proto filename
+// when importing.
+std::string ModuleAlias(const std::string& filename) {
+  // This scheme could technically cause problems if a file includes any 2 of:
+  //   foo/bar_baz.proto
+  //   foo_bar_baz.proto
+  //   foo_bar/baz.proto
+  //
+  // We'll worry about this problem if/when we actually see it.  This name isn't
+  // exposed to users so we can change it later if we need to.
+  std::string basename = StripProto(filename);
+  ReplaceCharacters(&basename, "-", '$');
+  ReplaceCharacters(&basename, "/", '_');
+  ReplaceCharacters(&basename, ".", '_');
+  return basename + "_pb";
+}
+
+// Returns the fully normalized JavaScript namespace for the given
+// file descriptor's package.
+std::string GetNamespace(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                         const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  if (!options.namespace_prefix.empty()) {
+    return options.namespace_prefix;
+  } else if (!file->package().empty()) {
+    return "proto." + file->package();
+  } else {
+    return "proto";
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns the name of the message with a leading dot and taking into account
+// nesting, for example ".OuterMessage.InnerMessage", or returns empty if
+// descriptor is null. This function does not handle namespacing, only message
+// nesting.
+std::string GetNestedMessageName(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  if (descriptor == NULL) {
+    return "";
+  }
+  std::string result = StripPrefixString(
+      descriptor->full_name(), descriptor->file()->package());
+  // Add a leading dot if one is not already present.
+  if (!result.empty() && result[0] != '.') {
+    result = "." + result;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Returns the path prefix for a message or enumeration that
+// lives under the given file and containing type.
+std::string GetPrefix(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                      const FileDescriptor* file_descriptor,
+                      const Descriptor* containing_type) {
+  std::string prefix = GetNamespace(options, file_descriptor) +
+                       GetNestedMessageName(containing_type);
+  if (!prefix.empty()) {
+    prefix += ".";
+  }
+  return prefix;
+}
+
+// Returns the fully normalized JavaScript path prefix for the given
+// message descriptor.
+std::string GetMessagePathPrefix(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                 const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return GetPrefix(options, descriptor->file(), descriptor->containing_type());
+}
+
+// Returns the fully normalized JavaScript path for the given
+// message descriptor.
+std::string GetMessagePath(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                           const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return GetMessagePathPrefix(options, descriptor) + descriptor->name();
+}
+
+// Returns the fully normalized JavaScript path prefix for the given
+// enumeration descriptor.
+std::string GetEnumPathPrefix(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                              const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor) {
+  return GetPrefix(options, enum_descriptor->file(),
+                   enum_descriptor->containing_type());
+}
+
+// Returns the fully normalized JavaScript path for the given
+// enumeration descriptor.
+std::string GetEnumPath(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                        const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor) {
+  return GetEnumPathPrefix(options, enum_descriptor) + enum_descriptor->name();
+}
+
+std::string MaybeCrossFileRef(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                              const FileDescriptor* from_file,
+                              const Descriptor* to_message) {
+  if ((options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportCommonJs ||
+       options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportCommonJsStrict) &&
+      from_file != to_message->file()) {
+    // Cross-file ref in CommonJS needs to use the module alias instead of
+    // the global name.
+    return ModuleAlias(to_message->file()->name()) +
+           GetNestedMessageName(to_message->containing_type()) + "." +
+           to_message->name();
+  } else {
+    // Within a single file we use a full name.
+    return GetMessagePath(options, to_message);
+  }
+}
+
+std::string SubmessageTypeRef(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                              const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE);
+  return MaybeCrossFileRef(options, field->file(), field->message_type());
+}
+
+// - Object field name: LOWER_UNDERSCORE -> LOWER_CAMEL, except for group fields
+// (UPPER_CAMEL -> LOWER_CAMEL), with "List" (or "Map") appended if appropriate,
+// and with reserved words triggering a "pb_" prefix.
+// - Getters/setters: LOWER_UNDERSCORE -> UPPER_CAMEL, except for group fields
+// (use the name directly), then append "List" if appropriate, then append "$"
+// if resulting name is equal to a reserved word.
+// - Enums: just uppercase.
+
+// Locale-independent version of ToLower that deals only with ASCII A-Z.
+char ToLowerASCII(char c) {
+  if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') {
+    return (c - 'A') + 'a';
+  } else {
+    return c;
+  }
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> ParseLowerUnderscore(const std::string& input) {
+  std::vector<std::string> words;
+  std::string running = "";
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    if (input[i] == '_') {
+      if (!running.empty()) {
+        words.push_back(running);
+        running.clear();
+      }
+    } else {
+      running += ToLowerASCII(input[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  if (!running.empty()) {
+    words.push_back(running);
+  }
+  return words;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> ParseUpperCamel(const std::string& input) {
+  std::vector<std::string> words;
+  std::string running = "";
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    if (input[i] >= 'A' && input[i] <= 'Z' && !running.empty()) {
+      words.push_back(running);
+      running.clear();
+    }
+    running += ToLowerASCII(input[i]);
+  }
+  if (!running.empty()) {
+    words.push_back(running);
+  }
+  return words;
+}
+
+std::string ToLowerCamel(const std::vector<std::string>& words) {
+  std::string result;
+  for (int i = 0; i < words.size(); i++) {
+    std::string word = words[i];
+    if (i == 0 && (word[0] >= 'A' && word[0] <= 'Z')) {
+      word[0] = (word[0] - 'A') + 'a';
+    } else if (i != 0 && (word[0] >= 'a' && word[0] <= 'z')) {
+      word[0] = (word[0] - 'a') + 'A';
+    }
+    result += word;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string ToUpperCamel(const std::vector<std::string>& words) {
+  std::string result;
+  for (int i = 0; i < words.size(); i++) {
+    std::string word = words[i];
+    if (word[0] >= 'a' && word[0] <= 'z') {
+      word[0] = (word[0] - 'a') + 'A';
+    }
+    result += word;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Based on code from descriptor.cc (Thanks Kenton!)
+// Uppercases the entire string, turning ValueName into
+// VALUENAME.
+std::string ToEnumCase(const std::string& input) {
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(input.size());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    if ('a' <= input[i] && input[i] <= 'z') {
+      result.push_back(input[i] - 'a' + 'A');
+    } else {
+      result.push_back(input[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string ToLower(const std::string& input) {
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(input.size());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    if ('A' <= input[i] && input[i] <= 'Z') {
+      result.push_back(input[i] - 'A' + 'a');
+    } else {
+      result.push_back(input[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+// When we're generating one output file per SCC, this is the filename
+// that top-level extensions should go in.
+// e.g. one proto file (test.proto):
+// package a;
+// extends Foo {
+//   ...
+// }
+// If "with_filename" equals true, the extension filename will be
+// "proto.a_test_extensions.js", otherwise will be "proto.a.js"
+std::string GetExtensionFileName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                 const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                 bool with_filename) {
+  std::string snake_name = StripProto(GetSnakeFilename(file->name()));
+  return options.output_dir + "/" + ToLower(GetNamespace(options, file)) +
+         (with_filename ? ("_" + snake_name + "_extensions") : "") +
+         options.GetFileNameExtension();
+}
+// When we're generating one output file per SCC, this is the filename
+// that all messages in the SCC should go in.
+// If with_package equals true, filename will have package prefix,
+// If the filename length is longer than 200, the filename will be the
+// SCC's proto filename with suffix "_long_sccs_(index)" (if with_package equals
+// true it still has package prefix)
+std::string GetMessagesFileName(const GeneratorOptions& options, const SCC* scc,
+                                bool with_package) {
+  static std::map<const Descriptor*, std::string>* long_name_dict =
+      new std::map<const Descriptor*, std::string>();
+  std::string package_base =
+      with_package
+          ? ToLower(GetNamespace(options, scc->GetRepresentative()->file()) +
+                    "_")
+          : "";
+  std::string filename_base = "";
+  std::vector<std::string> all_message_names;
+  for (auto one_desc : scc->descriptors) {
+    if (one_desc->containing_type() == nullptr) {
+      all_message_names.push_back(ToLower(one_desc->name()));
+    }
+  }
+  sort(all_message_names.begin(), all_message_names.end());
+  for (auto one_message : all_message_names) {
+    if (!filename_base.empty()) {
+      filename_base += "_";
+    }
+    filename_base += one_message;
+  }
+  if (filename_base.size() + package_base.size() > 200) {
+    if ((*long_name_dict).find(scc->GetRepresentative()) ==
+        (*long_name_dict).end()) {
+      std::string snake_name = StripProto(
+          GetSnakeFilename(scc->GetRepresentative()->file()->name()));
+      (*long_name_dict)[scc->GetRepresentative()] =
+          StrCat(snake_name, "_long_sccs_",
+                       static_cast<uint64>((*long_name_dict).size()));
+    }
+    filename_base = (*long_name_dict)[scc->GetRepresentative()];
+  }
+  return options.output_dir + "/" + package_base + filename_base +
+         options.GetFileNameExtension();
+}
+
+// When we're generating one output file per type name, this is the filename
+// that a top-level enum should go in.
+// If with_package equals true, filename will have package prefix.
+std::string GetEnumFileName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                            const EnumDescriptor* desc, bool with_package) {
+  return options.output_dir + "/" +
+         (with_package ? ToLower(GetNamespace(options, desc->file()) + "_")
+                       : "") +
+         ToLower(desc->name()) + options.GetFileNameExtension();
+}
+
+// Returns the message/response ID, if set.
+std::string GetMessageId(const Descriptor* desc) {
+  return std::string();
+}
+
+bool IgnoreExtensionField(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // Exclude descriptor extensions from output "to avoid clutter" (from original
+  // codegen).
+  if (!field->is_extension()) return false;
+  const FileDescriptor* file = field->containing_type()->file();
+  return file->name() == "net/proto2/proto/descriptor.proto" ||
+         file->name() == "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+}
+
+
+// Used inside Google only -- do not remove.
+bool IsResponse(const Descriptor* desc) { return false; }
+
+bool IgnoreField(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return IgnoreExtensionField(field);
+}
+
+
+// Do we ignore this message type?
+bool IgnoreMessage(const Descriptor* d) { return d->options().map_entry(); }
+
+// Does JSPB ignore this entire oneof? True only if all fields are ignored.
+bool IgnoreOneof(const OneofDescriptor* oneof) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < oneof->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!IgnoreField(oneof->field(i))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::string JSIdent(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                    const FieldDescriptor* field, bool is_upper_camel,
+                    bool is_map, bool drop_list) {
+  std::string result;
+  if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    result = is_upper_camel
+                 ? ToUpperCamel(ParseUpperCamel(field->message_type()->name()))
+                 : ToLowerCamel(ParseUpperCamel(field->message_type()->name()));
+  } else {
+    result = is_upper_camel ? ToUpperCamel(ParseLowerUnderscore(field->name()))
+                            : ToLowerCamel(ParseLowerUnderscore(field->name()));
+  }
+  if (is_map || field->is_map()) {
+    // JSPB-style or proto3-style map.
+    result += "Map";
+  } else if (!drop_list && field->is_repeated()) {
+    // Repeated field.
+    result += "List";
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string JSObjectFieldName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                              const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  std::string name = JSIdent(options, field,
+                             /* is_upper_camel = */ false,
+                             /* is_map = */ false,
+                             /* drop_list = */ false);
+  if (IsReserved(name)) {
+    name = "pb_" + name;
+  }
+  return name;
+}
+
+std::string JSByteGetterSuffix(BytesMode bytes_mode) {
+  switch (bytes_mode) {
+    case BYTES_DEFAULT:
+      return "";
+    case BYTES_B64:
+      return "B64";
+    case BYTES_U8:
+      return "U8";
+    default:
+      assert(false);
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+// Returns the field name as a capitalized portion of a getter/setter method
+// name, e.g. MyField for .getMyField().
+std::string JSGetterName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                         BytesMode bytes_mode = BYTES_DEFAULT,
+                         bool drop_list = false) {
+  std::string name = JSIdent(options, field,
+                             /* is_upper_camel = */ true,
+                             /* is_map = */ false, drop_list);
+  if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+    std::string suffix = JSByteGetterSuffix(bytes_mode);
+    if (!suffix.empty()) {
+      name += "_as" + suffix;
+    }
+  }
+  if (name == "Extension" || name == "JsPbMessageId") {
+    // Avoid conflicts with base-class names.
+    name += "$";
+  }
+  return name;
+}
+
+
+std::string JSOneofName(const OneofDescriptor* oneof) {
+  return ToUpperCamel(ParseLowerUnderscore(oneof->name()));
+}
+
+// Returns the index corresponding to this field in the JSPB array (underlying
+// data storage array).
+std::string JSFieldIndex(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // Determine whether this field is a member of a group. Group fields are a bit
+  // wonky: their "containing type" is a message type created just for the
+  // group, and that type's parent type has a field with the group-message type
+  // as its message type and TYPE_GROUP as its field type. For such fields, the
+  // index we use is relative to the field number of the group submessage field.
+  // For all other fields, we just use the field number.
+  const Descriptor* containing_type = field->containing_type();
+  const Descriptor* parent_type = containing_type->containing_type();
+  if (parent_type != NULL) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < parent_type->field_count(); i++) {
+      if (parent_type->field(i)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP &&
+          parent_type->field(i)->message_type() == containing_type) {
+        return StrCat(field->number() - parent_type->field(i)->number());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return StrCat(field->number());
+}
+
+std::string JSOneofIndex(const OneofDescriptor* oneof) {
+  int index = -1;
+  for (int i = 0; i < oneof->containing_type()->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* o = oneof->containing_type()->oneof_decl(i);
+    // If at least one field in this oneof is not JSPB-ignored, count the oneof.
+    for (int j = 0; j < o->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* f = o->field(j);
+      if (!IgnoreField(f)) {
+        index++;
+        break;  // inner loop
+      }
+    }
+    if (o == oneof) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return StrCat(index);
+}
+
+// Decodes a codepoint in \x0000 -- \xFFFF.
+uint16 DecodeUTF8Codepoint(uint8* bytes, size_t* length) {
+  if (*length == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  size_t expected = 0;
+  if ((*bytes & 0x80) == 0) {
+    expected = 1;
+  } else if ((*bytes & 0xe0) == 0xc0) {
+    expected = 2;
+  } else if ((*bytes & 0xf0) == 0xe0) {
+    expected = 3;
+  } else {
+    // Too long -- don't accept.
+    *length = 0;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (*length < expected) {
+    // Not enough bytes -- don't accept.
+    *length = 0;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  *length = expected;
+  switch (expected) {
+    case 1:
+      return bytes[0];
+    case 2:
+      return ((bytes[0] & 0x1F) << 6) | ((bytes[1] & 0x3F) << 0);
+    case 3:
+      return ((bytes[0] & 0x0F) << 12) | ((bytes[1] & 0x3F) << 6) |
+             ((bytes[2] & 0x3F) << 0);
+    default:
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+// Escapes the contents of a string to be included within double-quotes ("") in
+// JavaScript. The input data should be a UTF-8 encoded C++ string of chars.
+// Returns false if |out| was truncated because |in| contained invalid UTF-8 or
+// codepoints outside the BMP.
+// TODO(b/115551870): Support codepoints outside the BMP.
+bool EscapeJSString(const std::string& in, std::string* out) {
+  size_t decoded = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < in.size(); i += decoded) {
+    uint16 codepoint = 0;
+    // Decode the next UTF-8 codepoint.
+    size_t have_bytes = in.size() - i;
+    uint8 bytes[3] = {
+        static_cast<uint8>(in[i]),
+        static_cast<uint8>(((i + 1) < in.size()) ? in[i + 1] : 0),
+        static_cast<uint8>(((i + 2) < in.size()) ? in[i + 2] : 0),
+    };
+    codepoint = DecodeUTF8Codepoint(bytes, &have_bytes);
+    if (have_bytes == 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    decoded = have_bytes;
+
+    switch (codepoint) {
+      case '\'':
+        *out += "\\x27";
+        break;
+      case '"':
+        *out += "\\x22";
+        break;
+      case '<':
+        *out += "\\x3c";
+        break;
+      case '=':
+        *out += "\\x3d";
+        break;
+      case '>':
+        *out += "\\x3e";
+        break;
+      case '&':
+        *out += "\\x26";
+        break;
+      case '\b':
+        *out += "\\b";
+        break;
+      case '\t':
+        *out += "\\t";
+        break;
+      case '\n':
+        *out += "\\n";
+        break;
+      case '\f':
+        *out += "\\f";
+        break;
+      case '\r':
+        *out += "\\r";
+        break;
+      case '\\':
+        *out += "\\\\";
+        break;
+      default:
+        // TODO(b/115551870): Once we're supporting codepoints outside the BMP,
+        // use a single Unicode codepoint escape if the output language is
+        // ECMAScript 2015 or above. Otherwise, use a surrogate pair.
+        // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Lexical_grammar#String_literals
+        if (codepoint >= 0x20 && codepoint <= 0x7e) {
+          *out += static_cast<char>(codepoint);
+        } else if (codepoint >= 0x100) {
+          *out += StringPrintf("\\u%04x", codepoint);
+        } else {
+          *out += StringPrintf("\\x%02x", codepoint);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::string EscapeBase64(const std::string& in) {
+  static const char* kAlphabet =
+      "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+  std::string result;
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < in.size(); i += 3) {
+    int value = (in[i] << 16) | (((i + 1) < in.size()) ? (in[i + 1] << 8) : 0) |
+                (((i + 2) < in.size()) ? (in[i + 2] << 0) : 0);
+    result += kAlphabet[(value >> 18) & 0x3f];
+    result += kAlphabet[(value >> 12) & 0x3f];
+    if ((i + 1) < in.size()) {
+      result += kAlphabet[(value >> 6) & 0x3f];
+    } else {
+      result += '=';
+    }
+    if ((i + 2) < in.size()) {
+      result += kAlphabet[(value >> 0) & 0x3f];
+    } else {
+      result += '=';
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Post-process the result of SimpleFtoa/SimpleDtoa to *exactly* match the
+// original codegen's formatting (which is just .toString() on java.lang.Double
+// or java.lang.Float).
+std::string PostProcessFloat(std::string result) {
+  // If inf, -inf or nan, replace with +Infinity, -Infinity or NaN.
+  if (result == "inf") {
+    return "Infinity";
+  } else if (result == "-inf") {
+    return "-Infinity";
+  } else if (result == "nan") {
+    return "NaN";
+  }
+
+  // If scientific notation (e.g., "1e10"), (i) capitalize the "e", (ii)
+  // ensure that the mantissa (portion prior to the "e") has at least one
+  // fractional digit (after the decimal point), and (iii) strip any unnecessary
+  // leading zeroes and/or '+' signs from the exponent.
+  std::string::size_type exp_pos = result.find('e');
+  if (exp_pos != std::string::npos) {
+    std::string mantissa = result.substr(0, exp_pos);
+    std::string exponent = result.substr(exp_pos + 1);
+
+    // Add ".0" to mantissa if no fractional part exists.
+    if (mantissa.find('.') == std::string::npos) {
+      mantissa += ".0";
+    }
+
+    // Strip the sign off the exponent and store as |exp_neg|.
+    bool exp_neg = false;
+    if (!exponent.empty() && exponent[0] == '+') {
+      exponent = exponent.substr(1);
+    } else if (!exponent.empty() && exponent[0] == '-') {
+      exp_neg = true;
+      exponent = exponent.substr(1);
+    }
+
+    // Strip any leading zeroes off the exponent.
+    while (exponent.size() > 1 && exponent[0] == '0') {
+      exponent = exponent.substr(1);
+    }
+
+    return mantissa + "E" + std::string(exp_neg ? "-" : "") + exponent;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise, this is an ordinary decimal number. Append ".0" if result has no
+  // decimal/fractional part in order to match output of original codegen.
+  if (result.find('.') == std::string::npos) {
+    result += ".0";
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string FloatToString(float value) {
+  std::string result = SimpleFtoa(value);
+  return PostProcessFloat(result);
+}
+
+std::string DoubleToString(double value) {
+  std::string result = SimpleDtoa(value);
+  return PostProcessFloat(result);
+}
+
+// Return true if this is an integral field that should be represented as string
+// in JS.
+bool IsIntegralFieldWithStringJSType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      // The default value of JSType is JS_NORMAL, which behaves the same as
+      // JS_NUMBER.
+      return field->options().jstype() == FieldOptions::JS_STRING;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+std::string MaybeNumberString(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                              const std::string& orig) {
+  return IsIntegralFieldWithStringJSType(field) ? ("\"" + orig + "\"") : orig;
+}
+
+std::string JSFieldDefault(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    return "[]";
+  }
+
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return MaybeNumberString(field,
+                               StrCat(field->default_value_int32()));
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      // The original codegen is in Java, and Java protobufs store unsigned
+      // integer values as signed integer values. In order to exactly match the
+      // output, we need to reinterpret as base-2 signed. Ugh.
+      return MaybeNumberString(
+          field,
+          StrCat(static_cast<int32>(field->default_value_uint32())));
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return MaybeNumberString(field,
+                               StrCat(field->default_value_int64()));
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      // See above note for uint32 -- reinterpreting as signed.
+      return MaybeNumberString(
+          field,
+          StrCat(static_cast<int64>(field->default_value_uint64())));
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return StrCat(field->default_value_enum()->number());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return field->default_value_bool() ? "true" : "false";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return FloatToString(field->default_value_float());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return DoubleToString(field->default_value_double());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING) {
+        std::string out;
+        bool is_valid = EscapeJSString(field->default_value_string(), &out);
+        if (!is_valid) {
+          // TODO(b/115551870): Decide whether this should be a hard error.
+          GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "The default value for field " << field->full_name()
+                       << " was truncated since it contained invalid UTF-8 or"
+                          " codepoints outside the basic multilingual plane.";
+        }
+        return "\"" + out + "\"";
+      } else {  // Bytes
+        return "\"" + EscapeBase64(field->default_value_string()) + "\"";
+      }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "null";
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Shouldn't reach here.";
+  return "";
+}
+
+std::string ProtoTypeName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                          const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return "bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return "int32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return "uint32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return "sint32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return "fixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return "sfixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return "int64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return "uint64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return "sint64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return "fixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return "sfixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "double";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return "string";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return "bytes";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return GetMessagePath(options, field->message_type());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return GetEnumPath(options, field->enum_type());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return GetMessagePath(options, field->message_type());
+    default:
+      return "";
+  }
+}
+
+std::string JSIntegerTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return IsIntegralFieldWithStringJSType(field) ? "string" : "number";
+}
+
+std::string JSStringTypeName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                             const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                             BytesMode bytes_mode) {
+  if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+    switch (bytes_mode) {
+      case BYTES_DEFAULT:
+        return "(string|Uint8Array)";
+      case BYTES_B64:
+        return "string";
+      case BYTES_U8:
+        return "Uint8Array";
+      default:
+        assert(false);
+    }
+  }
+  return "string";
+}
+
+std::string JSTypeName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                       const FieldDescriptor* field, BytesMode bytes_mode) {
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return "boolean";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return JSIntegerTypeName(field);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return JSIntegerTypeName(field);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return JSIntegerTypeName(field);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return JSIntegerTypeName(field);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "number";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "number";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      return JSStringTypeName(options, field, bytes_mode);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return GetEnumPath(options, field->enum_type());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return GetMessagePath(options, field->message_type());
+    default:
+      return "";
+  }
+}
+
+// Used inside Google only -- do not remove.
+bool UseBrokenPresenceSemantics(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Returns true for fields that return "null" from accessors when they are
+// unset. This should normally only be true for non-repeated submessages, but we
+// have legacy users who relied on old behavior where accessors behaved this
+// way.
+bool ReturnsNullWhenUnset(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                          const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+      field->is_optional()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // TODO(haberman): remove this case and unconditionally return false.
+  return UseBrokenPresenceSemantics(options, field) && !field->is_repeated() &&
+         !field->has_default_value();
+}
+
+// In a sane world, this would be the same as ReturnsNullWhenUnset().  But in
+// the status quo, some fields declare that they never return null/undefined
+// even though they actually do:
+//   * required fields
+//   * optional enum fields
+//   * proto3 primitive fields.
+bool DeclaredReturnTypeIsNullable(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                  const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->is_required() || field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (field->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3 &&
+      field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return ReturnsNullWhenUnset(options, field);
+}
+
+bool SetterAcceptsUndefined(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (ReturnsNullWhenUnset(options, field)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Broken presence semantics always accepts undefined for setters.
+  return UseBrokenPresenceSemantics(options, field);
+}
+
+bool SetterAcceptsNull(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                       const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (ReturnsNullWhenUnset(options, field)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // With broken presence semantics, fields with defaults accept "null" for
+  // setters, but other fields do not.  This is a strange quirk of the old
+  // codegen.
+  return UseBrokenPresenceSemantics(options, field) &&
+         field->has_default_value();
+}
+
+// Returns types which are known to by non-nullable by default.
+// The style guide requires that we omit "!" in this case.
+bool IsPrimitive(const std::string& type) {
+  return type == "undefined" || type == "string" || type == "number" ||
+         type == "boolean";
+}
+
+std::string JSFieldTypeAnnotation(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                  const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                  bool is_setter_argument, bool force_present,
+                                  bool singular_if_not_packed,
+                                  BytesMode bytes_mode = BYTES_DEFAULT,
+                                  bool force_singular = false) {
+  std::string jstype = JSTypeName(options, field, bytes_mode);
+
+  if (!force_singular && field->is_repeated() &&
+      (field->is_packed() || !singular_if_not_packed)) {
+    if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES &&
+        bytes_mode == BYTES_DEFAULT) {
+      jstype = "(Array<!Uint8Array>|Array<string>)";
+    } else {
+      if (!IsPrimitive(jstype)) {
+        jstype = "!" + jstype;
+      }
+      jstype = "Array<" + jstype + ">";
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool is_null_or_undefined = false;
+
+  if (is_setter_argument) {
+    if (SetterAcceptsNull(options, field)) {
+      jstype = "?" + jstype;
+      is_null_or_undefined = true;
+    }
+
+    if (SetterAcceptsUndefined(options, field)) {
+      jstype += "|undefined";
+      is_null_or_undefined = true;
+    }
+  } else if (force_present) {
+    // Don't add null or undefined.
+  } else {
+    if (DeclaredReturnTypeIsNullable(options, field)) {
+      jstype = "?" + jstype;
+      is_null_or_undefined = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!is_null_or_undefined && !IsPrimitive(jstype)) {
+    jstype = "!" + jstype;
+  }
+
+  return jstype;
+}
+
+std::string JSBinaryReaderMethodType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  std::string name = field->type_name();
+  if (name[0] >= 'a' && name[0] <= 'z') {
+    name[0] = (name[0] - 'a') + 'A';
+  }
+  return IsIntegralFieldWithStringJSType(field) ? (name + "String") : name;
+}
+
+std::string JSBinaryReadWriteMethodName(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                        bool is_writer) {
+  std::string name = JSBinaryReaderMethodType(field);
+  if (field->is_packed()) {
+    name = "Packed" + name;
+  } else if (is_writer && field->is_repeated()) {
+    name = "Repeated" + name;
+  }
+  return name;
+}
+
+std::string JSBinaryReaderMethodName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return "jspb.BinaryReader.prototype.read" +
+         JSBinaryReadWriteMethodName(field, /* is_writer = */ false);
+}
+
+std::string JSBinaryWriterMethodName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->containing_type() &&
+      field->containing_type()->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+    return "jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.writeMessageSet";
+  }
+  return "jspb.BinaryWriter.prototype.write" +
+         JSBinaryReadWriteMethodName(field, /* is_writer = */ true);
+}
+
+
+std::string JSTypeTag(const FieldDescriptor* desc) {
+  switch (desc->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "Float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      if (IsIntegralFieldWithStringJSType(desc)) {
+        return "StringInt";
+      } else {
+        return "Int";
+      }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return "Boolean";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return "String";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return "Bytes";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return "Enum";
+    default:
+      assert(false);
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+
+bool HasRepeatedFields(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                       const Descriptor* desc) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (desc->field(i)->is_repeated() && !desc->field(i)->is_map()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static const char* kRepeatedFieldArrayName = ".repeatedFields_";
+
+std::string RepeatedFieldsArrayName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                    const Descriptor* desc) {
+  return HasRepeatedFields(options, desc)
+             ? (GetMessagePath(options, desc) + kRepeatedFieldArrayName)
+             : "null";
+}
+
+bool HasOneofFields(const Descriptor* desc) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (desc->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static const char* kOneofGroupArrayName = ".oneofGroups_";
+
+std::string OneofFieldsArrayName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                 const Descriptor* desc) {
+  return HasOneofFields(desc)
+             ? (GetMessagePath(options, desc) + kOneofGroupArrayName)
+             : "null";
+}
+
+std::string RepeatedFieldNumberList(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                    const Descriptor* desc) {
+  std::vector<std::string> numbers;
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (desc->field(i)->is_repeated() && !desc->field(i)->is_map()) {
+      numbers.push_back(JSFieldIndex(desc->field(i)));
+    }
+  }
+  return "[" + Join(numbers, ",") + "]";
+}
+
+std::string OneofGroupList(const Descriptor* desc) {
+  // List of arrays (one per oneof), each of which is a list of field indices
+  std::vector<std::string> oneof_entries;
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof = desc->oneof_decl(i);
+    if (IgnoreOneof(oneof)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> oneof_fields;
+    for (int j = 0; j < oneof->field_count(); j++) {
+      if (IgnoreField(oneof->field(j))) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      oneof_fields.push_back(JSFieldIndex(oneof->field(j)));
+    }
+    oneof_entries.push_back("[" + Join(oneof_fields, ",") + "]");
+  }
+  return "[" + Join(oneof_entries, ",") + "]";
+}
+
+std::string JSOneofArray(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return OneofFieldsArrayName(options, field->containing_type()) + "[" +
+         JSOneofIndex(field->containing_oneof()) + "]";
+}
+
+std::string RelativeTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  assert(field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM ||
+         field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE);
+  // For a field with an enum or message type, compute a name relative to the
+  // path name of the message type containing this field.
+  std::string package = field->file()->package();
+  std::string containing_type = field->containing_type()->full_name() + ".";
+  std::string type = (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM)
+                         ? field->enum_type()->full_name()
+                         : field->message_type()->full_name();
+
+  // |prefix| is advanced as we find separators '.' past the common package
+  // prefix that yield common prefixes in the containing type's name and this
+  // type's name.
+  int prefix = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < type.size() && i < containing_type.size(); i++) {
+    if (type[i] != containing_type[i]) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if (type[i] == '.' && i >= package.size()) {
+      prefix = i + 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return type.substr(prefix);
+}
+
+std::string JSExtensionsObjectName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                   const FileDescriptor* from_file,
+                                   const Descriptor* desc) {
+  if (desc->full_name() == "google.protobuf.bridge.MessageSet") {
+    // TODO(haberman): fix this for the kImportCommonJs case.
+    return "jspb.Message.messageSetExtensions";
+  } else {
+    return MaybeCrossFileRef(options, from_file, desc) + ".extensions";
+  }
+}
+
+static const int kMapKeyField = 1;
+static const int kMapValueField = 2;
+
+const FieldDescriptor* MapFieldKey(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  assert(field->is_map());
+  return field->message_type()->FindFieldByNumber(kMapKeyField);
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* MapFieldValue(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  assert(field->is_map());
+  return field->message_type()->FindFieldByNumber(kMapValueField);
+}
+
+std::string FieldDefinition(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* key_field = MapFieldKey(field);
+    const FieldDescriptor* value_field = MapFieldValue(field);
+    std::string key_type = ProtoTypeName(options, key_field);
+    std::string value_type;
+    if (value_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM ||
+        value_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      value_type = RelativeTypeName(value_field);
+    } else {
+      value_type = ProtoTypeName(options, value_field);
+    }
+    return StringPrintf("map<%s, %s> %s = %d;", key_type.c_str(),
+                        value_type.c_str(), field->name().c_str(),
+                        field->number());
+  } else {
+    std::string qualifier =
+        field->is_repeated() ? "repeated"
+                             : (field->is_optional() ? "optional" : "required");
+    std::string type, name;
+    if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM ||
+        field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      type = RelativeTypeName(field);
+      name = field->name();
+    } else if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+      type = "group";
+      name = field->message_type()->name();
+    } else {
+      type = ProtoTypeName(options, field);
+      name = field->name();
+    }
+    return StringPrintf("%s %s %s = %d;", qualifier.c_str(), type.c_str(),
+                        name.c_str(), field->number());
+  }
+}
+
+std::string FieldComments(const FieldDescriptor* field, BytesMode bytes_mode) {
+  std::string comments;
+  if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES && bytes_mode == BYTES_U8) {
+    comments +=
+        " * Note that Uint8Array is not supported on all browsers.\n"
+        " * @see http://caniuse.com/Uint8Array\n";
+  }
+  return comments;
+}
+
+bool ShouldGenerateExtension(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return field->is_extension() && !IgnoreField(field);
+}
+
+bool HasExtensions(const Descriptor* desc) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->extension_count(); i++) {
+    if (ShouldGenerateExtension(desc->extension(i))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (HasExtensions(desc->nested_type(i))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool HasExtensions(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->extension_count(); i++) {
+    if (ShouldGenerateExtension(file->extension(i))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (HasExtensions(file->message_type(i))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool HasMap(const GeneratorOptions& options, const Descriptor* desc) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (desc->field(i)->is_map()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (HasMap(options, desc->nested_type(i))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool FileHasMap(const GeneratorOptions& options, const FileDescriptor* desc) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (HasMap(options, desc->message_type(i))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool IsExtendable(const Descriptor* desc) {
+  return desc->extension_range_count() > 0;
+}
+
+// Returns the max index in the underlying data storage array beyond which the
+// extension object is used.
+std::string GetPivot(const Descriptor* desc) {
+  static const int kDefaultPivot = 500;
+
+  // Find the max field number
+  int max_field_number = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!IgnoreField(desc->field(i)) &&
+        desc->field(i)->number() > max_field_number) {
+      max_field_number = desc->field(i)->number();
+    }
+  }
+
+  int pivot = -1;
+  if (IsExtendable(desc) || (max_field_number >= kDefaultPivot)) {
+    pivot = ((max_field_number + 1) < kDefaultPivot) ? (max_field_number + 1)
+                                                     : kDefaultPivot;
+  }
+
+  return StrCat(pivot);
+}
+
+// Whether this field represents presence.  For fields with presence, we
+// generate extra methods (clearFoo() and hasFoo()) for this field.
+bool HasFieldPresence(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                      const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->is_repeated() || field->is_map()) {
+    // We say repeated fields and maps don't have presence, but we still do
+    // generate clearFoo() methods for them through a special case elsewhere.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE ||
+         field->containing_oneof() != NULL ||
+         field->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2;
+}
+
+// We use this to implement the semantics that same file can be generated
+// multiple times, but only the last one keep the short name. Others all use
+// long name with extra information to distinguish (For message and enum, the
+// extra information is package name, for file level extension, the extra
+// information is proto's filename).
+// We never actually write the files, but we keep a set of which descriptors
+// were the final one for a given filename.
+class FileDeduplicator {
+ public:
+  explicit FileDeduplicator(const GeneratorOptions& options)
+      : error_on_conflict_(options.error_on_name_conflict) {}
+
+  // params:
+  //   filenames: a pair of {short filename, full filename}
+  //              (short filename don't have extra information, full filename
+  //               contains extra information)
+  //   desc: The Descriptor or SCC pointer or EnumDescriptor.
+  //   error: The returned error information.
+  bool AddFile(const std::pair<std::string, std::string> filenames,
+               const void* desc, std::string* error) {
+    if (descs_by_shortname_.find(filenames.first) !=
+        descs_by_shortname_.end()) {
+      if (error_on_conflict_) {
+        *error = "Name conflict: file name " + filenames.first +
+                 " would be generated by two descriptors";
+        return false;
+      }
+      // Change old pointer's actual name to full name.
+      auto short_name_desc = descs_by_shortname_[filenames.first];
+      allowed_descs_actual_name_[short_name_desc] =
+          allowed_descs_full_name_[short_name_desc];
+    }
+    descs_by_shortname_[filenames.first] = desc;
+    allowed_descs_actual_name_[desc] = filenames.first;
+    allowed_descs_full_name_[desc] = filenames.second;
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void GetAllowedMap(std::map<const void*, std::string>* allowed_set) {
+    *allowed_set = allowed_descs_actual_name_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool error_on_conflict_;
+  // The map that restores all the descs that are using short name as filename.
+  std::map<std::string, const void*> descs_by_shortname_;
+  // The final actual filename map.
+  std::map<const void*, std::string> allowed_descs_actual_name_;
+  // The full name map.
+  std::map<const void*, std::string> allowed_descs_full_name_;
+};
+
+void DepthFirstSearch(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                      std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>* list,
+                      std::set<const FileDescriptor*>* seen) {
+  if (!seen->insert(file).second) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Add all dependencies.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    DepthFirstSearch(file->dependency(i), list, seen);
+  }
+
+  // Add this file.
+  list->push_back(file);
+}
+
+// A functor for the predicate to remove_if() below.  Returns true if a given
+// FileDescriptor is not in the given set.
+class NotInSet {
+ public:
+  explicit NotInSet(const std::set<const FileDescriptor*>& file_set)
+      : file_set_(file_set) {}
+
+  bool operator()(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+    return file_set_.count(file) == 0;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const std::set<const FileDescriptor*>& file_set_;
+};
+
+// This function generates an ordering of the input FileDescriptors that matches
+// the logic of the old code generator.  The order is significant because two
+// different input files can generate the same output file, and the last one
+// needs to win.
+void GenerateJspbFileOrder(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& input,
+                           std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>* ordered) {
+  // First generate an ordering of all reachable files (including dependencies)
+  // with depth-first search.  This mimics the behavior of --include_imports,
+  // which is what the old codegen used.
+  ordered->clear();
+  std::set<const FileDescriptor*> seen;
+  std::set<const FileDescriptor*> input_set;
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    DepthFirstSearch(input[i], ordered, &seen);
+    input_set.insert(input[i]);
+  }
+
+  // Now remove the entries that are not actually in our input list.
+  ordered->erase(
+      std::remove_if(ordered->begin(), ordered->end(), NotInSet(input_set)),
+      ordered->end());
+}
+
+// If we're generating code in file-per-type mode, avoid overwriting files
+// by choosing the last descriptor that writes each filename and permitting
+// only those to generate code.
+
+struct DepsGenerator {
+  std::vector<const Descriptor*> operator()(const Descriptor* desc) const {
+    std::vector<const Descriptor*> deps;
+    auto maybe_add = [&](const Descriptor* d) {
+      if (d) deps.push_back(d);
+    };
+    for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+      if (!IgnoreField(desc->field(i))) {
+        maybe_add(desc->field(i)->message_type());
+      }
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < desc->extension_count(); i++) {
+      maybe_add(desc->extension(i)->message_type());
+      maybe_add(desc->extension(i)->containing_type());
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < desc->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+      maybe_add(desc->nested_type(i));
+    }
+    maybe_add(desc->containing_type());
+
+    return deps;
+  }
+};
+
+bool GenerateJspbAllowedMap(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                            const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                            std::map<const void*, std::string>* allowed_set,
+                            SCCAnalyzer<DepsGenerator>* analyzer,
+                            std::string* error) {
+  std::vector<const FileDescriptor*> files_ordered;
+  GenerateJspbFileOrder(files, &files_ordered);
+
+  // Choose the last descriptor for each filename.
+  FileDeduplicator dedup(options);
+  std::set<const SCC*> added;
+  for (int i = 0; i < files_ordered.size(); i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < files_ordered[i]->message_type_count(); j++) {
+      const Descriptor* desc = files_ordered[i]->message_type(j);
+      if (added.insert(analyzer->GetSCC(desc)).second &&
+          !dedup.AddFile(
+              std::make_pair(
+                  GetMessagesFileName(options, analyzer->GetSCC(desc), false),
+                  GetMessagesFileName(options, analyzer->GetSCC(desc), true)),
+              analyzer->GetSCC(desc), error)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    for (int j = 0; j < files_ordered[i]->enum_type_count(); j++) {
+      const EnumDescriptor* desc = files_ordered[i]->enum_type(j);
+      if (!dedup.AddFile(std::make_pair(GetEnumFileName(options, desc, false),
+                                        GetEnumFileName(options, desc, true)),
+                         desc, error)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Pull out all free-floating extensions and generate files for those too.
+    bool has_extension = false;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < files_ordered[i]->extension_count(); j++) {
+      if (ShouldGenerateExtension(files_ordered[i]->extension(j))) {
+        has_extension = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (has_extension) {
+      if (!dedup.AddFile(
+              std::make_pair(
+                  GetExtensionFileName(options, files_ordered[i], false),
+                  GetExtensionFileName(options, files_ordered[i], true)),
+              files_ordered[i], error)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  dedup.GetAllowedMap(allowed_set);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Embeds base64 encoded GeneratedCodeInfo proto in a comment at the end of
+// file.
+void EmbedCodeAnnotations(const GeneratedCodeInfo& annotations,
+                          io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Serialize annotations proto into base64 string.
+  std::string meta_content;
+  annotations.SerializeToString(&meta_content);
+  std::string meta_64;
+  Base64Escape(meta_content, &meta_64);
+
+  // Print base64 encoded annotations at the end of output file in
+  // a comment.
+  printer->Print("\n// Below is base64 encoded GeneratedCodeInfo proto");
+  printer->Print("\n// $encoded_proto$\n", "encoded_proto", meta_64);
+}
+
+bool IsWellKnownTypeFile(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  return HasPrefixString(file->name(), "google/protobuf/");
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+void Generator::GenerateHeader(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                               const FileDescriptor* file,
+                               io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (file != nullptr) {
+    printer->Print("// source: $filename$\n", "filename", file->name());
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * @fileoverview\n"
+      " * @enhanceable\n"
+      " * @suppress {messageConventions} JS Compiler reports an "
+      "error if a variable or\n"
+      " *     field starts with 'MSG_' and isn't a translatable "
+      "message.\n"
+      " * @public\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "// GENERATED CODE -- DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void Generator::FindProvidesForFile(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                    io::Printer* printer,
+                                    const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                    std::set<std::string>* provided) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    FindProvidesForMessage(options, printer, file->message_type(i), provided);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    FindProvidesForEnum(options, printer, file->enum_type(i), provided);
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::FindProvides(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                             io::Printer* printer,
+                             const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                             std::set<std::string>* provided) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
+    FindProvidesForFile(options, printer, files[i], provided);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("\n");
+}
+
+void FindProvidesForOneOfEnum(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                              const OneofDescriptor* oneof,
+                              std::set<std::string>* provided) {
+  std::string name = GetMessagePath(options, oneof->containing_type()) + "." +
+                     JSOneofName(oneof) + "Case";
+  provided->insert(name);
+}
+
+void FindProvidesForOneOfEnums(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                               io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor* desc,
+                               std::set<std::string>* provided) {
+  if (HasOneofFields(desc)) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < desc->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+      if (IgnoreOneof(desc->oneof_decl(i))) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      FindProvidesForOneOfEnum(options, desc->oneof_decl(i), provided);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::FindProvidesForMessage(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                       io::Printer* printer,
+                                       const Descriptor* desc,
+                                       std::set<std::string>* provided) const {
+  if (IgnoreMessage(desc)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  std::string name = GetMessagePath(options, desc);
+  provided->insert(name);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    FindProvidesForEnum(options, printer, desc->enum_type(i), provided);
+  }
+
+  FindProvidesForOneOfEnums(options, printer, desc, provided);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    FindProvidesForMessage(options, printer, desc->nested_type(i), provided);
+  }
+}
+void Generator::FindProvidesForEnum(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                    io::Printer* printer,
+                                    const EnumDescriptor* enumdesc,
+                                    std::set<std::string>* provided) const {
+  std::string name = GetEnumPath(options, enumdesc);
+  provided->insert(name);
+}
+
+void Generator::FindProvidesForFields(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+    const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields,
+    std::set<std::string>* provided) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
+
+    if (IgnoreField(field)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    std::string name = GetNamespace(options, field->file()) + "." +
+                       JSObjectFieldName(options, field);
+    provided->insert(name);
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateProvides(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                 io::Printer* printer,
+                                 std::set<std::string>* provided) const {
+  for (std::set<std::string>::iterator it = provided->begin();
+       it != provided->end(); ++it) {
+    if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportClosure) {
+      printer->Print("goog.provide('$name$');\n", "name", *it);
+    } else {
+      // We aren't using Closure's import system, but we use goog.exportSymbol()
+      // to construct the expected tree of objects, eg.
+      //
+      //   goog.exportSymbol('foo.bar.Baz', null, this);
+      //
+      //   // Later generated code expects foo.bar = {} to exist:
+      //   foo.bar.Baz = function() { /* ... */ }
+
+      // Do not use global scope in strict mode
+      if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportCommonJsStrict) {
+        std::string namespaceObject = *it;
+        // Remove "proto." from the namespace object
+        GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(0, namespaceObject.compare(0, 6, "proto."));
+        namespaceObject.erase(0, 6);
+        printer->Print("goog.exportSymbol('$name$', null, proto);\n", "name",
+                       namespaceObject);
+      } else {
+        printer->Print("goog.exportSymbol('$name$', null, global);\n", "name",
+                       *it);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateRequiresForSCC(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                       io::Printer* printer, const SCC* scc,
+                                       std::set<std::string>* provided) const {
+  std::set<std::string> required;
+  std::set<std::string> forwards;
+  bool have_message = false;
+  bool has_extension = false;
+  bool has_map = false;
+  for (auto desc : scc->descriptors) {
+    if (desc->containing_type() == nullptr) {
+      FindRequiresForMessage(options, desc, &required, &forwards,
+                             &have_message);
+      has_extension = (has_extension || HasExtensions(desc));
+      has_map = (has_map || HasMap(options, desc));
+    }
+  }
+
+  GenerateRequiresImpl(options, printer, &required, &forwards, provided,
+                       /* require_jspb = */ have_message,
+                       /* require_extension = */ has_extension,
+                       /* require_map = */ has_map);
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateRequiresForLibrary(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+    const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+    std::set<std::string>* provided) const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(options.import_style, GeneratorOptions::kImportClosure);
+  // For Closure imports we need to import every message type individually.
+  std::set<std::string> required;
+  std::set<std::string> forwards;
+  bool have_extensions = false;
+  bool have_map = false;
+  bool have_message = false;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < files[i]->message_type_count(); j++) {
+      const Descriptor* desc = files[i]->message_type(j);
+      if (!IgnoreMessage(desc)) {
+        FindRequiresForMessage(options, desc, &required, &forwards,
+                               &have_message);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!have_extensions && HasExtensions(files[i])) {
+      have_extensions = true;
+    }
+
+    if (!have_map && FileHasMap(options, files[i])) {
+      have_map = true;
+    }
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < files[i]->extension_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* extension = files[i]->extension(j);
+      if (IgnoreField(extension)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (extension->containing_type()->full_name() !=
+          "google.protobuf.bridge.MessageSet") {
+        required.insert(GetMessagePath(options, extension->containing_type()));
+      }
+      FindRequiresForField(options, extension, &required, &forwards);
+      have_extensions = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  GenerateRequiresImpl(options, printer, &required, &forwards, provided,
+                       /* require_jspb = */ have_message,
+                       /* require_extension = */ have_extensions,
+                       /* require_map = */ have_map);
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateRequiresForExtensions(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+    const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields,
+    std::set<std::string>* provided) const {
+  std::set<std::string> required;
+  std::set<std::string> forwards;
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
+    if (IgnoreField(field)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    FindRequiresForExtension(options, field, &required, &forwards);
+  }
+
+  GenerateRequiresImpl(options, printer, &required, &forwards, provided,
+                       /* require_jspb = */ false,
+                       /* require_extension = */ fields.size() > 0,
+                       /* require_map = */ false);
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateRequiresImpl(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                     io::Printer* printer,
+                                     std::set<std::string>* required,
+                                     std::set<std::string>* forwards,
+                                     std::set<std::string>* provided,
+                                     bool require_jspb, bool require_extension,
+                                     bool require_map) const {
+  if (require_jspb) {
+    required->insert("jspb.Message");
+    required->insert("jspb.BinaryReader");
+    required->insert("jspb.BinaryWriter");
+  }
+  if (require_extension) {
+    required->insert("jspb.ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo");
+    required->insert("jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo");
+  }
+  if (require_map) {
+    required->insert("jspb.Map");
+  }
+
+  std::set<std::string>::iterator it;
+  for (it = required->begin(); it != required->end(); ++it) {
+    if (provided->find(*it) != provided->end()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    printer->Print("goog.require('$name$');\n", "name", *it);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("\n");
+
+  for (it = forwards->begin(); it != forwards->end(); ++it) {
+    if (provided->find(*it) != provided->end()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    printer->Print("goog.forwardDeclare('$name$');\n", "name", *it);
+  }
+}
+
+bool NamespaceOnly(const Descriptor* desc) {
+  return false;
+}
+
+void Generator::FindRequiresForMessage(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                       const Descriptor* desc,
+                                       std::set<std::string>* required,
+                                       std::set<std::string>* forwards,
+                                       bool* have_message) const {
+
+  if (!NamespaceOnly(desc)) {
+    *have_message = true;
+    for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = desc->field(i);
+      if (IgnoreField(field)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      FindRequiresForField(options, field, required, forwards);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->extension_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = desc->extension(i);
+    if (IgnoreField(field)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    FindRequiresForExtension(options, field, required, forwards);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    FindRequiresForMessage(options, desc->nested_type(i), required, forwards,
+                           have_message);
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::FindRequiresForField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                     std::set<std::string>* required,
+                                     std::set<std::string>* forwards) const {
+  if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM &&
+      // N.B.: file-level extensions with enum type do *not* create
+      // dependencies, as per original codegen.
+      !(field->is_extension() && field->extension_scope() == nullptr)) {
+    if (options.add_require_for_enums) {
+      required->insert(GetEnumPath(options, field->enum_type()));
+    } else {
+      forwards->insert(GetEnumPath(options, field->enum_type()));
+    }
+  } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    if (!IgnoreMessage(field->message_type())) {
+      required->insert(GetMessagePath(options, field->message_type()));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::FindRequiresForExtension(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+    std::set<std::string>* required, std::set<std::string>* forwards) const {
+  if (field->containing_type()->full_name() != "google.protobuf.bridge.MessageSet") {
+    required->insert(GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()));
+  }
+  FindRequiresForField(options, field, required, forwards);
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateTestOnly(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                 io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (options.testonly) {
+    printer->Print("goog.setTestOnly();\n\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print("\n");
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassesAndEnums(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                        io::Printer* printer,
+                                        const FileDescriptor* file) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateClassConstructorAndDeclareExtensionFieldInfo(options, printer,
+                                                         file->message_type(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateClass(options, printer, file->message_type(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateEnum(options, printer, file->enum_type(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClass(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                              io::Printer* printer,
+                              const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  if (IgnoreMessage(desc)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!NamespaceOnly(desc)) {
+    printer->Print("\n");
+    GenerateClassFieldInfo(options, printer, desc);
+
+
+    GenerateClassToObject(options, printer, desc);
+    // These must come *before* the extension-field info generation in
+    // GenerateClassRegistration so that references to the binary
+    // serialization/deserialization functions may be placed in the extension
+    // objects.
+    GenerateClassDeserializeBinary(options, printer, desc);
+    GenerateClassSerializeBinary(options, printer, desc);
+  }
+
+  // Recurse on nested types. These must come *before* the extension-field
+  // info generation in GenerateClassRegistration so that extensions that
+  // reference nested types proceed the definitions of the nested types.
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateEnum(options, printer, desc->enum_type(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateClass(options, printer, desc->nested_type(i));
+  }
+
+  if (!NamespaceOnly(desc)) {
+    GenerateClassRegistration(options, printer, desc);
+    GenerateClassFields(options, printer, desc);
+
+    if (options.import_style != GeneratorOptions::kImportClosure) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < desc->extension_count(); i++) {
+        GenerateExtension(options, printer, desc->extension(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassConstructor(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                         io::Printer* printer,
+                                         const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Generated by JsPbCodeGenerator.\n"
+      " * @param {Array=} opt_data Optional initial data array, typically "
+      "from a\n"
+      " * server response, or constructed directly in Javascript. The array "
+      "is used\n"
+      " * in place and becomes part of the constructed object. It is not "
+      "cloned.\n"
+      " * If no data is provided, the constructed object will be empty, but "
+      "still\n"
+      " * valid.\n"
+      " * @extends {jspb.Message}\n"
+      " * @constructor\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$classprefix$$classname$ = function(opt_data) {\n",
+      "classprefix", GetMessagePathPrefix(options, desc), "classname",
+      desc->name());
+  printer->Annotate("classname", desc);
+  std::string message_id = GetMessageId(desc);
+  printer->Print(
+      "  jspb.Message.initialize(this, opt_data, $messageId$, $pivot$, "
+      "$rptfields$, $oneoffields$);\n",
+      "messageId",
+      !message_id.empty() ? ("'" + message_id + "'")
+                          : (IsResponse(desc) ? "''" : "0"),
+      "pivot", GetPivot(desc), "rptfields",
+      RepeatedFieldsArrayName(options, desc), "oneoffields",
+      OneofFieldsArrayName(options, desc));
+  printer->Print(
+      "};\n"
+      "goog.inherits($classname$, jspb.Message);\n"
+      "if (goog.DEBUG && !COMPILED) {\n"
+      // displayName overrides Function.prototype.displayName
+      // http://google3/javascript/externs/es3.js?l=511
+      "  /**\n"
+      "   * @public\n"
+      "   * @override\n"
+      "   */\n"
+      "  $classname$.displayName = '$classname$';\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "classname", GetMessagePath(options, desc));
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassConstructorAndDeclareExtensionFieldInfo(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+    const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  if (!NamespaceOnly(desc)) {
+    GenerateClassConstructor(options, printer, desc);
+    if (IsExtendable(desc) && desc->full_name() != "google.protobuf.bridge.MessageSet") {
+      GenerateClassExtensionFieldInfo(options, printer, desc);
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (!IgnoreMessage(desc->nested_type(i))) {
+      GenerateClassConstructorAndDeclareExtensionFieldInfo(
+          options, printer, desc->nested_type(i));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassFieldInfo(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                       io::Printer* printer,
+                                       const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  if (HasRepeatedFields(options, desc)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "/**\n"
+        " * List of repeated fields within this message type.\n"
+        " * @private {!Array<number>}\n"
+        " * @const\n"
+        " */\n"
+        "$classname$$rptfieldarray$ = $rptfields$;\n"
+        "\n",
+        "classname", GetMessagePath(options, desc), "rptfieldarray",
+        kRepeatedFieldArrayName, "rptfields",
+        RepeatedFieldNumberList(options, desc));
+  }
+
+  if (HasOneofFields(desc)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "/**\n"
+        " * Oneof group definitions for this message. Each group defines the "
+        "field\n"
+        " * numbers belonging to that group. When of these fields' value is "
+        "set, all\n"
+        " * other fields in the group are cleared. During deserialization, if "
+        "multiple\n"
+        " * fields are encountered for a group, only the last value seen will "
+        "be kept.\n"
+        " * @private {!Array<!Array<number>>}\n"
+        " * @const\n"
+        " */\n"
+        "$classname$$oneofgrouparray$ = $oneofgroups$;\n"
+        "\n",
+        "classname", GetMessagePath(options, desc), "oneofgrouparray",
+        kOneofGroupArrayName, "oneofgroups", OneofGroupList(desc));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < desc->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+      if (IgnoreOneof(desc->oneof_decl(i))) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      GenerateOneofCaseDefinition(options, printer, desc->oneof_decl(i));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassXid(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                 io::Printer* printer,
+                                 const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "\n"
+      "$class$.prototype.messageXid = xid('$class$');\n",
+      "class", GetMessagePath(options, desc));
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateOneofCaseDefinition(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * @enum {number}\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$classname$.$oneof$Case = {\n"
+      "  $upcase$_NOT_SET: 0",
+      "classname", GetMessagePath(options, oneof->containing_type()), "oneof",
+      JSOneofName(oneof), "upcase", ToEnumCase(oneof->name()));
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < oneof->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (IgnoreField(oneof->field(i))) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    printer->Print(
+        ",\n"
+        "  $upcase$: $number$",
+        "upcase", ToEnumCase(oneof->field(i)->name()), "number",
+        JSFieldIndex(oneof->field(i)));
+    printer->Annotate("upcase", oneof->field(i));
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "\n"
+      "/**\n"
+      " * @return {$class$.$oneof$Case}\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$class$.prototype.get$oneof$Case = function() {\n"
+      "  return /** @type {$class$.$oneof$Case} */(jspb.Message."
+      "computeOneofCase(this, $class$.oneofGroups_[$oneofindex$]));\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "\n",
+      "class", GetMessagePath(options, oneof->containing_type()), "oneof",
+      JSOneofName(oneof), "oneofindex", JSOneofIndex(oneof));
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassToObject(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                      io::Printer* printer,
+                                      const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "\n"
+      "if (jspb.Message.GENERATE_TO_OBJECT) {\n"
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Creates an object representation of this proto.\n"
+      " * Field names that are reserved in JavaScript and will be renamed to "
+      "pb_name.\n"
+      " * Optional fields that are not set will be set to undefined.\n"
+      " * To access a reserved field use, foo.pb_<name>, eg, foo.pb_default.\n"
+      " * For the list of reserved names please see:\n"
+      " *     net/proto2/compiler/js/internal/generator.cc#kKeyword.\n"
+      " * @param {boolean=} opt_includeInstance Deprecated. whether to include "
+      "the\n"
+      " *     JSPB instance for transitional soy proto support:\n"
+      " *     http://goto/soy-param-migration\n"
+      " * @return {!Object}\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$classname$.prototype.toObject = function(opt_includeInstance) {\n"
+      "  return $classname$.toObject(opt_includeInstance, this);\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "\n"
+      "\n"
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Static version of the {@see toObject} method.\n"
+      " * @param {boolean|undefined} includeInstance Deprecated. Whether to "
+      "include\n"
+      " *     the JSPB instance for transitional soy proto support:\n"
+      " *     http://goto/soy-param-migration\n"
+      " * @param {!$classname$} msg The msg instance to transform.\n"
+      " * @return {!Object}\n"
+      " * @suppress {unusedLocalVariables} f is only used for nested messages\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$classname$.toObject = function(includeInstance, msg) {\n"
+      "  var f, obj = {",
+      "classname", GetMessagePath(options, desc));
+
+  bool first = true;
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = desc->field(i);
+    if (IgnoreField(field)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (!first) {
+      printer->Print(",\n    ");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print("\n    ");
+      first = false;
+    }
+
+    GenerateClassFieldToObject(options, printer, field);
+  }
+
+  if (!first) {
+    printer->Print("\n  };\n\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print("\n\n  };\n\n");
+  }
+
+  if (IsExtendable(desc)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "  jspb.Message.toObjectExtension(/** @type {!jspb.Message} */ (msg), "
+        "obj,\n"
+        "      $extObject$, $class$.prototype.getExtension,\n"
+        "      includeInstance);\n",
+        "extObject", JSExtensionsObjectName(options, desc->file(), desc),
+        "class", GetMessagePath(options, desc));
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "  if (includeInstance) {\n"
+      "    obj.$$jspbMessageInstance = msg;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return obj;\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", GetMessagePath(options, desc));
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateFieldValueExpression(io::Printer* printer,
+                                             const char* obj_reference,
+                                             const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                             bool use_default) const {
+  const bool is_float_or_double =
+      field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT ||
+      field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE;
+  const bool is_boolean = field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL;
+
+  const std::string with_default = use_default ? "WithDefault" : "";
+  const std::string default_arg =
+      use_default ? StrCat(", ", JSFieldDefault(field)) : "";
+  const std::string cardinality = field->is_repeated() ? "Repeated" : "";
+  std::string type = "";
+  if (is_float_or_double) {
+    type = "FloatingPoint";
+  }
+  if (is_boolean) {
+    type = "Boolean";
+  }
+
+  // Prints the appropriate function, among:
+  // - getField
+  // - getBooleanField
+  // - getFloatingPointField => Replaced by getOptionalFloatingPointField to
+  //   preserve backward compatibility.
+  // - getFieldWithDefault
+  // - getBooleanFieldWithDefault
+  // - getFloatingPointFieldWithDefault
+  // - getRepeatedField
+  // - getRepeatedBooleanField
+  // - getRepeatedFloatingPointField
+  if (is_float_or_double && !field->is_repeated() && !use_default) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "jspb.Message.getOptionalFloatingPointField($obj$, "
+        "$index$$default$)",
+        "obj", obj_reference, "index", JSFieldIndex(field), "default",
+        default_arg);
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        "jspb.Message.get$cardinality$$type$Field$with_default$($obj$, "
+        "$index$$default$)",
+        "cardinality", cardinality, "type", type, "with_default", with_default,
+        "obj", obj_reference, "index", JSFieldIndex(field), "default",
+        default_arg);
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassFieldToObject(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                           io::Printer* printer,
+                                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  printer->Print("$fieldname$: ", "fieldname",
+                 JSObjectFieldName(options, field));
+
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* value_field = MapFieldValue(field);
+    // If the map values are of a message type, we must provide their static
+    // toObject() method; otherwise we pass undefined for that argument.
+    std::string value_to_object;
+    if (value_field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      value_to_object =
+          GetMessagePath(options, value_field->message_type()) + ".toObject";
+    } else {
+      value_to_object = "undefined";
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "(f = msg.get$name$()) ? f.toObject(includeInstance, $valuetoobject$) "
+        ": []",
+        "name", JSGetterName(options, field), "valuetoobject", value_to_object);
+  } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    // Message field.
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      {
+        printer->Print(
+            "jspb.Message.toObjectList(msg.get$getter$(),\n"
+            "    $type$.toObject, includeInstance)",
+            "getter", JSGetterName(options, field), "type",
+            SubmessageTypeRef(options, field));
+      }
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          "(f = msg.get$getter$()) && "
+          "$type$.toObject(includeInstance, f)",
+          "getter", JSGetterName(options, field), "type",
+          SubmessageTypeRef(options, field));
+    }
+  } else if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+    // For bytes fields we want to always return the B64 data.
+    printer->Print("msg.get$getter$()", "getter",
+                   JSGetterName(options, field, BYTES_B64));
+  } else {
+    bool use_default = field->has_default_value();
+
+    if (field->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3 &&
+        // Repeated fields get initialized to their default in the constructor
+        // (why?), so we emit a plain getField() call for them.
+        !field->is_repeated()) {
+      // Proto3 puts all defaults (including implicit defaults) in toObject().
+      // But for proto2 we leave the existing semantics unchanged: unset fields
+      // without default are unset.
+      use_default = true;
+    }
+
+    // We don't implement this by calling the accessors, because the semantics
+    // of the accessors are changing independently of the toObject() semantics.
+    // We are migrating the accessors to return defaults instead of null, but
+    // it may take longer to migrate toObject (or we might not want to do it at
+    // all).  So we want to generate independent code.
+    // The accessor for unset optional values without default should return
+    // null. Those are converted to undefined in the generated object.
+    if (!use_default) {
+      printer->Print("(f = ");
+    }
+    GenerateFieldValueExpression(printer, "msg", field, use_default);
+    if (!use_default) {
+      printer->Print(") == null ? undefined : f");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateObjectTypedef(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                      io::Printer* printer,
+                                      const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  // TODO(b/122687752): Consider renaming nested messages called ObjectFormat
+  //     to prevent collisions.
+  const std::string type_name = GetMessagePath(options, desc) + ".ObjectFormat";
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * The raw object form of $messageName$ as accepted by the `fromObject` "
+      "method.\n"
+      " * @record\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$typeName$ = function() {\n",
+      "messageName", desc->name(), "typeName", type_name);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (i > 0) {
+      printer->Print("\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "  /** @type {$fieldType$|undefined} */\n"
+        "  this.$fieldName$;\n",
+        "fieldName", JSObjectFieldName(options, desc->field(i)),
+        // TODO(b/121097361): Add type checking for field values.
+        "fieldType", "?");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("};\n\n");
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassFromObject(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                        io::Printer* printer,
+                                        const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  printer->Print("if (jspb.Message.GENERATE_FROM_OBJECT) {\n\n");
+
+  GenerateObjectTypedef(options, printer, desc);
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Loads data from an object into a new instance of this proto.\n"
+      " * @param {!$classname$.ObjectFormat} obj\n"
+      " *     The object representation of this proto to load the data from.\n"
+      " * @return {!$classname$}\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$classname$.fromObject = function(obj) {\n"
+      "  var msg = new $classname$();\n",
+      "classname", GetMessagePath(options, desc));
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = desc->field(i);
+    if (!IgnoreField(field)) {
+      GenerateClassFieldFromObject(options, printer, field);
+    }
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "  return msg;\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "}\n\n");
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassFieldFromObject(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* value_field = MapFieldValue(field);
+    if (value_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      // Since the map values are of message type, we have to do some extra work
+      // to recursively call fromObject() on them before setting the map field.
+      printer->Print(
+          "  obj.$name$ && jspb.Message.setWrapperField(\n"
+          "      msg, $index$, jspb.Map.fromObject(obj.$name$, $fieldclass$, "
+          "$fieldclass$.fromObject));\n",
+          "name", JSObjectFieldName(options, field), "index",
+          JSFieldIndex(field), "fieldclass",
+          GetMessagePath(options, value_field->message_type()));
+    } else {
+      // `msg` is a newly-constructed message object that has not yet built any
+      // map containers wrapping underlying arrays, so we can simply directly
+      // set the array here without fear of a stale wrapper.
+      printer->Print(
+          "  obj.$name$ && "
+          "jspb.Message.setField(msg, $index$, obj.$name$);\n",
+          "name", JSObjectFieldName(options, field), "index",
+          JSFieldIndex(field));
+    }
+  } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    // Message field (singular or repeated)
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      {
+        printer->Print(
+            "  obj.$name$ && "
+            "jspb.Message.setRepeatedWrapperField(\n"
+            "      msg, $index$, obj.$name$.map(\n"
+            "          $fieldclass$.fromObject));\n",
+            "name", JSObjectFieldName(options, field), "index",
+            JSFieldIndex(field), "fieldclass",
+            SubmessageTypeRef(options, field));
+      }
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          "  obj.$name$ && jspb.Message.setWrapperField(\n"
+          "      msg, $index$, $fieldclass$.fromObject(obj.$name$));\n",
+          "name", JSObjectFieldName(options, field), "index",
+          JSFieldIndex(field), "fieldclass", SubmessageTypeRef(options, field));
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Simple (primitive) field.
+    printer->Print(
+        "  obj.$name$ != null && jspb.Message.setField(msg, $index$, "
+        "obj.$name$);\n",
+        "name", JSObjectFieldName(options, field), "index",
+        JSFieldIndex(field));
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassRegistration(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                          io::Printer* printer,
+                                          const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  // Register any extensions defined inside this message type.
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->extension_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* extension = desc->extension(i);
+    if (ShouldGenerateExtension(extension)) {
+      GenerateExtension(options, printer, extension);
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassFields(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                    io::Printer* printer,
+                                    const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!IgnoreField(desc->field(i))) {
+      GenerateClassField(options, printer, desc->field(i));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void GenerateBytesWrapper(const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+                          const FieldDescriptor* field, BytesMode bytes_mode) {
+  std::string type =
+      JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field,
+                            /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
+                            /* force_present = */ false,
+                            /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false, bytes_mode);
+  printer->Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * $fielddef$\n"
+      "$comment$"
+      " * This is a type-conversion wrapper around `get$defname$()`\n"
+      " * @return {$type$}\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$class$.prototype.get$name$ = function() {\n"
+      "  return /** @type {$type$} */ (jspb.Message.bytes$list$As$suffix$(\n"
+      "      this.get$defname$()));\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "\n"
+      "\n",
+      "fielddef", FieldDefinition(options, field), "comment",
+      FieldComments(field, bytes_mode), "type", type, "class",
+      GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()), "name",
+      JSGetterName(options, field, bytes_mode), "list",
+      field->is_repeated() ? "List" : "", "suffix",
+      JSByteGetterSuffix(bytes_mode), "defname",
+      JSGetterName(options, field, BYTES_DEFAULT));
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                   io::Printer* printer,
+                                   const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* key_field = MapFieldKey(field);
+    const FieldDescriptor* value_field = MapFieldValue(field);
+    // Map field: special handling to instantiate the map object on demand.
+    std::string key_type =
+        JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, key_field,
+                              /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
+                              /* force_present = */ true,
+                              /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false);
+    std::string value_type =
+        JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, value_field,
+                              /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
+                              /* force_present = */ true,
+                              /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false);
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "/**\n"
+        " * $fielddef$\n"
+        " * @param {boolean=} opt_noLazyCreate Do not create the map if\n"
+        " * empty, instead returning `undefined`\n"
+        " * @return {!jspb.Map<$keytype$,$valuetype$>}\n"
+        " */\n",
+        "fielddef", FieldDefinition(options, field), "keytype", key_type,
+        "valuetype", value_type);
+    printer->Print(
+        "$class$.prototype.$gettername$ = function(opt_noLazyCreate) {\n"
+        "  return /** @type {!jspb.Map<$keytype$,$valuetype$>} */ (\n",
+        "class", GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()),
+        "gettername", "get" + JSGetterName(options, field), "keytype", key_type,
+        "valuetype", value_type);
+    printer->Annotate("gettername", field);
+    printer->Print(
+        "      jspb.Message.getMapField(this, $index$, opt_noLazyCreate",
+        "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
+
+    if (value_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      printer->Print(
+          ",\n"
+          "      $messageType$",
+          "messageType", GetMessagePath(options, value_field->message_type()));
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          ",\n"
+          "      null");
+    }
+
+    printer->Print("));\n");
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "};\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n");
+  } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    // Message field: special handling in order to wrap the underlying data
+    // array with a message object.
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "/**\n"
+        " * $fielddef$\n"
+        "$comment$"
+        " * @return {$type$}\n"
+        " */\n",
+        "fielddef", FieldDefinition(options, field), "comment",
+        FieldComments(field, BYTES_DEFAULT), "type",
+        JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field,
+                              /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
+                              /* force_present = */ false,
+                              /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false));
+    printer->Print(
+        "$class$.prototype.$gettername$ = function() {\n"
+        "  return /** @type{$type$} */ (\n"
+        "    jspb.Message.get$rpt$WrapperField(this, $wrapperclass$, "
+        "$index$$required$));\n"
+        "};\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n",
+        "class", GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()),
+        "gettername", "get" + JSGetterName(options, field), "type",
+        JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field,
+                              /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
+                              /* force_present = */ false,
+                              /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false),
+        "rpt", (field->is_repeated() ? "Repeated" : ""), "index",
+        JSFieldIndex(field), "wrapperclass", SubmessageTypeRef(options, field),
+        "required",
+        (field->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REQUIRED ? ", 1" : ""));
+    printer->Annotate("gettername", field);
+    printer->Print(
+        "/**\n"
+        " * @param {$optionaltype$} value\n"
+        " * @return {!$class$} returns this\n"
+        "*/\n"
+        "$class$.prototype.$settername$ = function(value) {\n"
+        "  return jspb.Message.set$oneoftag$$repeatedtag$WrapperField(",
+        "optionaltype",
+        JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field,
+                              /* is_setter_argument = */ true,
+                              /* force_present = */ false,
+                              /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false),
+        "class", GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()),
+        "settername", "set" + JSGetterName(options, field), "oneoftag",
+        (field->containing_oneof() ? "Oneof" : ""), "repeatedtag",
+        (field->is_repeated() ? "Repeated" : ""));
+    printer->Annotate("settername", field);
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "this, $index$$oneofgroup$, value);\n"
+        "};\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n",
+        "index", JSFieldIndex(field), "oneofgroup",
+        (field->containing_oneof() ? (", " + JSOneofArray(options, field))
+                                   : ""));
+
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      GenerateRepeatedMessageHelperMethods(options, printer, field);
+    }
+
+  } else {
+    bool untyped =
+        false;
+
+    // Simple (primitive) field, either singular or repeated.
+
+    // TODO(b/26173701): Always use BYTES_DEFAULT for the getter return type;
+    // at this point we "lie" to non-binary users and tell the return
+    // type is always base64 string, pending a LSC to migrate to typed getters.
+    BytesMode bytes_mode =
+        field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES && !options.binary
+            ? BYTES_B64
+            : BYTES_DEFAULT;
+    std::string typed_annotation =
+        JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field,
+                              /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
+                              /* force_present = */ false,
+                              /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false,
+                              /* bytes_mode = */ bytes_mode);
+    if (untyped) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "/**\n"
+          " * @return {?} Raw field, untyped.\n"
+          " */\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          "/**\n"
+          " * $fielddef$\n"
+          "$comment$"
+          " * @return {$type$}\n"
+          " */\n",
+          "fielddef", FieldDefinition(options, field), "comment",
+          FieldComments(field, bytes_mode), "type", typed_annotation);
+    }
+
+    printer->Print("$class$.prototype.$gettername$ = function() {\n", "class",
+                   GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()),
+                   "gettername", "get" + JSGetterName(options, field));
+    printer->Annotate("gettername", field);
+
+    if (untyped) {
+      printer->Print("  return ");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print("  return /** @type {$type$} */ (", "type",
+                     typed_annotation);
+    }
+
+    bool use_default = !ReturnsNullWhenUnset(options, field);
+
+    // Raw fields with no default set should just return undefined.
+    if (untyped && !field->has_default_value()) {
+      use_default = false;
+    }
+
+    // Repeated fields get initialized to their default in the constructor
+    // (why?), so we emit a plain getField() call for them.
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      use_default = false;
+    }
+
+    GenerateFieldValueExpression(printer, "this", field, use_default);
+
+    if (untyped) {
+      printer->Print(
+          ";\n"
+          "};\n"
+          "\n"
+          "\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          ");\n"
+          "};\n"
+          "\n"
+          "\n");
+    }
+
+    if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES && !untyped) {
+      GenerateBytesWrapper(options, printer, field, BYTES_B64);
+      GenerateBytesWrapper(options, printer, field, BYTES_U8);
+    }
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "/**\n"
+        " * @param {$optionaltype$} value\n"
+        " * @return {!$class$} returns this\n"
+        " */\n",
+        "class", GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()),
+        "optionaltype",
+        untyped ? "*"
+                : JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field,
+                                        /* is_setter_argument = */ true,
+                                        /* force_present = */ false,
+                                        /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false));
+
+    if (field->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3 &&
+        !field->is_repeated() && !field->is_map() &&
+        !HasFieldPresence(options, field)) {
+      // Proto3 non-repeated and non-map fields without presence use the
+      // setProto3*Field function.
+      printer->Print(
+          "$class$.prototype.$settername$ = function(value) {\n"
+          "  return jspb.Message.setProto3$typetag$Field(this, $index$, "
+          "value);"
+          "\n"
+          "};\n"
+          "\n"
+          "\n",
+          "class", GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()),
+          "settername", "set" + JSGetterName(options, field), "typetag",
+          JSTypeTag(field), "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
+      printer->Annotate("settername", field);
+    } else {
+      // Otherwise, use the regular setField function.
+      printer->Print(
+          "$class$.prototype.$settername$ = function(value) {\n"
+          "  return jspb.Message.set$oneoftag$Field(this, $index$",
+          "class", GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()),
+          "settername", "set" + JSGetterName(options, field), "oneoftag",
+          (field->containing_oneof() ? "Oneof" : ""), "index",
+          JSFieldIndex(field));
+      printer->Annotate("settername", field);
+      printer->Print(
+          "$oneofgroup$, $type$value$rptvalueinit$$typeclose$);\n"
+          "};\n"
+          "\n"
+          "\n",
+          "type",
+          untyped ? "/** @type{string|number|boolean|Array|undefined} */(" : "",
+          "typeclose", untyped ? ")" : "", "oneofgroup",
+          (field->containing_oneof() ? (", " + JSOneofArray(options, field))
+                                     : ""),
+          "rptvalueinit", (field->is_repeated() ? " || []" : ""));
+    }
+
+    if (untyped) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "/**\n"
+          " * Clears the value.\n"
+          " * @return {!$class$} returns this\n"
+          " */\n",
+          "class", GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()));
+    }
+
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      GenerateRepeatedPrimitiveHelperMethods(options, printer, field, untyped);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Generate clearFoo() method for map fields, repeated fields, and other
+  // fields with presence.
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    // clang-format off
+    printer->Print(
+        "/**\n"
+        " * Clears values from the map. The map will be non-null.\n"
+        " * @return {!$class$} returns this\n"
+        " */\n"
+        "$class$.prototype.$clearername$ = function() {\n"
+        "  this.$gettername$().clear();\n"
+        "  return this;"
+        "};\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n",
+        "class", GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()),
+        "clearername", "clear" + JSGetterName(options, field),
+        "gettername", "get" + JSGetterName(options, field));
+    // clang-format on
+    printer->Annotate("clearername", field);
+  } else if (field->is_repeated() ||
+             (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+              !field->is_required())) {
+    // Fields where we can delegate to the regular setter.
+    // clang-format off
+    printer->Print(
+        "/**\n"
+        " * $jsdoc$\n"
+        " * @return {!$class$} returns this\n"
+        " */\n"
+        "$class$.prototype.$clearername$ = function() {\n"
+        "  return this.$settername$($clearedvalue$);\n"
+        "};\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n",
+       "jsdoc", field->is_repeated()
+           ? "Clears the list making it empty but non-null."
+           : "Clears the message field making it undefined.",
+        "class", GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()),
+        "clearername", "clear" + JSGetterName(options, field),
+        "settername", "set" + JSGetterName(options, field),
+        "clearedvalue", (field->is_repeated() ? "[]" : "undefined"));
+    // clang-format on
+    printer->Annotate("clearername", field);
+  } else if (HasFieldPresence(options, field)) {
+    // Fields where we can't delegate to the regular setter because it doesn't
+    // accept "undefined" as an argument.
+    // clang-format off
+    printer->Print(
+        "/**\n"
+        " * Clears the field making it undefined.\n"
+        " * @return {!$class$} returns this\n"
+        " */\n"
+        "$class$.prototype.$clearername$ = function() {\n"
+        "  return jspb.Message.set$maybeoneof$Field(this, "
+            "$index$$maybeoneofgroup$, ",
+        "class", GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()),
+        "clearername", "clear" + JSGetterName(options, field),
+        "maybeoneof", (field->containing_oneof() ? "Oneof" : ""),
+        "maybeoneofgroup", (field->containing_oneof()
+                            ? (", " + JSOneofArray(options, field))
+                            : ""),
+        "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
+    // clang-format on
+    printer->Annotate("clearername", field);
+    printer->Print(
+        "$clearedvalue$);\n"
+        "};\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n",
+        "clearedvalue", (field->is_repeated() ? "[]" : "undefined"));
+  }
+
+  if (HasFieldPresence(options, field)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "/**\n"
+        " * Returns whether this field is set.\n"
+        " * @return {boolean}\n"
+        " */\n"
+        "$class$.prototype.$hasername$ = function() {\n"
+        "  return jspb.Message.getField(this, $index$) != null;\n"
+        "};\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n",
+        "class", GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()), "hasername",
+        "has" + JSGetterName(options, field), "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
+    printer->Annotate("hasername", field);
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateRepeatedPrimitiveHelperMethods(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, bool untyped) const {
+  // clang-format off
+  printer->Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * @param {$optionaltype$} value\n"
+      " * @param {number=} opt_index\n"
+      " * @return {!$class$} returns this\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$class$.prototype.$addername$ = function(value, opt_index) {\n"
+      "  return jspb.Message.addToRepeatedField(this, "
+      "$index$",
+      "class", GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()), "addername",
+      "add" + JSGetterName(options, field, BYTES_DEFAULT,
+                           /* drop_list = */ true),
+      "optionaltype",
+          JSFieldTypeAnnotation(
+                                options, field,
+                                /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
+                                /* force_present = */ true,
+                                /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false,
+                                BYTES_DEFAULT,
+                                /* force_singular = */ true),
+      "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
+  printer->Annotate("addername", field);
+  printer->Print(
+      "$oneofgroup$, $type$value$rptvalueinit$$typeclose$, "
+      "opt_index);\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "\n"
+      "\n",
+      "type", untyped ? "/** @type{string|number|boolean|!Uint8Array} */(" : "",
+      "typeclose", untyped ? ")" : "", "oneofgroup",
+      (field->containing_oneof() ? (", " + JSOneofArray(options, field)) : ""),
+      "rptvalueinit", "");
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateRepeatedMessageHelperMethods(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * @param {!$optionaltype$=} opt_value\n"
+      " * @param {number=} opt_index\n"
+      " * @return {!$optionaltype$}\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$class$.prototype.$addername$ = function(opt_value, opt_index) {\n"
+      "  return jspb.Message.addTo$repeatedtag$WrapperField(",
+      "optionaltype", JSTypeName(options, field, BYTES_DEFAULT), "class",
+      GetMessagePath(options, field->containing_type()), "addername",
+      "add" + JSGetterName(options, field, BYTES_DEFAULT,
+                           /* drop_list = */ true),
+      "repeatedtag", (field->is_repeated() ? "Repeated" : ""));
+
+  printer->Annotate("addername", field);
+  printer->Print(
+      "this, $index$$oneofgroup$, opt_value, $ctor$, opt_index);\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "\n"
+      "\n",
+      "index", JSFieldIndex(field), "oneofgroup",
+      (field->containing_oneof() ? (", " + JSOneofArray(options, field)) : ""),
+      "ctor", GetMessagePath(options, field->message_type()));
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassExtensionFieldInfo(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                                io::Printer* printer,
+                                                const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  if (IsExtendable(desc)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "\n"
+        "/**\n"
+        " * The extensions registered with this message class. This is a "
+        "map of\n"
+        " * extension field number to fieldInfo object.\n"
+        " *\n"
+        " * For example:\n"
+        " *     { 123: {fieldIndex: 123, fieldName: {my_field_name: 0}, "
+        "ctor: proto.example.MyMessage} }\n"
+        " *\n"
+        " * fieldName contains the JsCompiler renamed field name property "
+        "so that it\n"
+        " * works in OPTIMIZED mode.\n"
+        " *\n"
+        " * @type {!Object<number, jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo>}\n"
+        " */\n"
+        "$class$.extensions = {};\n"
+        "\n",
+        "class", GetMessagePath(options, desc));
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "\n"
+        "/**\n"
+        " * The extensions registered with this message class. This is a "
+        "map of\n"
+        " * extension field number to fieldInfo object.\n"
+        " *\n"
+        " * For example:\n"
+        " *     { 123: {fieldIndex: 123, fieldName: {my_field_name: 0}, "
+        "ctor: proto.example.MyMessage} }\n"
+        " *\n"
+        " * fieldName contains the JsCompiler renamed field name property "
+        "so that it\n"
+        " * works in OPTIMIZED mode.\n"
+        " *\n"
+        " * @type {!Object<number, jspb.ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo>}\n"
+        " */\n"
+        "$class$.extensionsBinary = {};\n"
+        "\n",
+        "class", GetMessagePath(options, desc));
+  }
+}
+
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassDeserializeBinary(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                               io::Printer* printer,
+                                               const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  // TODO(cfallin): Handle lazy decoding when requested by field option and/or
+  // by default for 'bytes' fields and packed repeated fields.
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Deserializes binary data (in protobuf wire format).\n"
+      " * @param {jspb.ByteSource} bytes The bytes to deserialize.\n"
+      " * @return {!$class$}\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$class$.deserializeBinary = function(bytes) {\n"
+      "  var reader = new jspb.BinaryReader(bytes);\n"
+      "  var msg = new $class$;\n"
+      "  return $class$.deserializeBinaryFromReader(msg, reader);\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "\n"
+      "\n"
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Deserializes binary data (in protobuf wire format) from the\n"
+      " * given reader into the given message object.\n"
+      " * @param {!$class$} msg The message object to deserialize into.\n"
+      " * @param {!jspb.BinaryReader} reader The BinaryReader to use.\n"
+      " * @return {!$class$}\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$class$.deserializeBinaryFromReader = function(msg, reader) {\n"
+      "  while (reader.nextField()) {\n",
+      "class", GetMessagePath(options, desc));
+    printer->Print(
+        "    if (reader.isEndGroup()) {\n"
+        "      break;\n"
+        "    }\n"
+        "    var field = reader.getFieldNumber();\n"
+        "    switch (field) {\n");
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+      if (!IgnoreField(desc->field(i))) {
+        GenerateClassDeserializeBinaryField(options, printer, desc->field(i));
+      }
+    }
+
+    printer->Print("    default:\n");
+    if (IsExtendable(desc)) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "      jspb.Message.readBinaryExtension(msg, reader,\n"
+          "        $extobj$Binary,\n"
+          "        $class$.prototype.getExtension,\n"
+          "        $class$.prototype.setExtension);\n"
+          "      break;\n"
+          "    }\n",
+          "extobj", JSExtensionsObjectName(options, desc->file(), desc),
+          "class", GetMessagePath(options, desc));
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          "      reader.skipField();\n"
+          "      break;\n"
+          "    }\n");
+    }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return msg;\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassDeserializeBinaryField(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  printer->Print("    case $num$:\n", "num", StrCat(field->number()));
+
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* key_field = MapFieldKey(field);
+    const FieldDescriptor* value_field = MapFieldValue(field);
+    printer->Print(
+        "      var value = msg.get$name$();\n"
+        "      reader.readMessage(value, function(message, reader) {\n",
+        "name", JSGetterName(options, field));
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "        jspb.Map.deserializeBinary(message, reader, "
+        "$keyReaderFn$, $valueReaderFn$",
+        "keyReaderFn", JSBinaryReaderMethodName(options, key_field),
+        "valueReaderFn", JSBinaryReaderMethodName(options, value_field));
+
+    if (value_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      printer->Print(", $messageType$.deserializeBinaryFromReader",
+                     "messageType",
+                     GetMessagePath(options, value_field->message_type()));
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(", null");
+    }
+    printer->Print(", $defaultKey$", "defaultKey", JSFieldDefault(key_field));
+    if (value_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      printer->Print(", new $messageType$()", "messageType",
+                     GetMessagePath(options, value_field->message_type()));
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(", $defaultValue$", "defaultValue",
+                     JSFieldDefault(value_field));
+    }
+    printer->Print(");\n");
+    printer->Print("         });\n");
+  } else {
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "      var value = new $fieldclass$;\n"
+          "      reader.read$msgOrGroup$($grpfield$value,"
+          "$fieldclass$.deserializeBinaryFromReader);\n",
+          "fieldclass", SubmessageTypeRef(options, field), "msgOrGroup",
+          (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) ? "Group" : "Message",
+          "grpfield",
+          (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP)
+              ? (StrCat(field->number()) + ", ")
+              : "");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          "      var value = /** @type {$fieldtype$} */ "
+          "(reader.read$reader$());\n",
+          "fieldtype",
+          JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field, false, true,
+                                /* singular_if_not_packed */ true, BYTES_U8),
+          "reader",
+          JSBinaryReadWriteMethodName(field, /* is_writer = */ false));
+    }
+
+    if (field->is_repeated() && !field->is_packed()) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "      msg.add$name$(value);\n", "name",
+          JSGetterName(options, field, BYTES_DEFAULT, /* drop_list = */ true));
+    } else {
+      // Singular fields, and packed repeated fields, receive a |value| either
+      // as the field's value or as the array of all the field's values; set
+      // this as the field's value directly.
+      printer->Print("      msg.set$name$(value);\n", "name",
+                     JSGetterName(options, field));
+    }
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("      break;\n");
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassSerializeBinary(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                             io::Printer* printer,
+                                             const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Serializes the message to binary data (in protobuf wire format).\n"
+      " * @return {!Uint8Array}\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$class$.prototype.serializeBinary = function() {\n"
+      "  var writer = new jspb.BinaryWriter();\n"
+      "  $class$.serializeBinaryToWriter(this, writer);\n"
+      "  return writer.getResultBuffer();\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "\n"
+      "\n"
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Serializes the given message to binary data (in protobuf wire\n"
+      " * format), writing to the given BinaryWriter.\n"
+      " * @param {!$class$} message\n"
+      " * @param {!jspb.BinaryWriter} writer\n"
+      " * @suppress {unusedLocalVariables} f is only used for nested messages\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$class$.serializeBinaryToWriter = function(message, "
+      "writer) {\n"
+      "  var f = undefined;\n",
+      "class", GetMessagePath(options, desc));
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!IgnoreField(desc->field(i))) {
+      GenerateClassSerializeBinaryField(options, printer, desc->field(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (IsExtendable(desc)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "  jspb.Message.serializeBinaryExtensions(message, writer,\n"
+        "    $extobj$Binary, $class$.prototype.getExtension);\n",
+        "extobj", JSExtensionsObjectName(options, desc->file(), desc), "class",
+        GetMessagePath(options, desc));
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "};\n"
+      "\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateClassSerializeBinaryField(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  if (HasFieldPresence(options, field) &&
+      field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    std::string typed_annotation =
+        JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field,
+                              /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
+                              /* force_present = */ false,
+                              /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false,
+                              /* bytes_mode = */ BYTES_DEFAULT);
+    printer->Print(
+        "  f = /** @type {$type$} */ "
+        "(jspb.Message.getField(message, $index$));\n",
+        "index", JSFieldIndex(field), "type", typed_annotation);
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        "  f = message.get$name$($nolazy$);\n", "name",
+        JSGetterName(options, field, BYTES_U8),
+        // No lazy creation for maps containers -- fastpath the empty case.
+        "nolazy", field->is_map() ? "true" : "");
+  }
+
+  // Print an `if (condition)` statement that evaluates to true if the field
+  // goes on the wire.
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    printer->Print("  if (f && f.getLength() > 0) {\n");
+  } else if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    printer->Print("  if (f.length > 0) {\n");
+  } else {
+    if (HasFieldPresence(options, field)) {
+      printer->Print("  if (f != null) {\n");
+    } else {
+      // No field presence: serialize onto the wire only if value is
+      // non-default.  Defaults are documented here:
+      // https://goto.google.com/lhdfm
+      switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
+          if (IsIntegralFieldWithStringJSType(field)) {
+            // We can use `parseInt` here even though it will not be precise for
+            // 64-bit quantities because we are only testing for zero/nonzero,
+            // and JS numbers (64-bit floating point values, i.e., doubles) are
+            // integer-precise in the range that includes zero.
+            printer->Print("  if (parseInt(f, 10) !== 0) {\n");
+          } else {
+            printer->Print("  if (f !== 0) {\n");
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+          printer->Print("  if (f !== 0.0) {\n");
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+          printer->Print("  if (f) {\n");
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+          printer->Print("  if (f.length > 0) {\n");
+          break;
+        default:
+          assert(false);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Write the field on the wire.
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* key_field = MapFieldKey(field);
+    const FieldDescriptor* value_field = MapFieldValue(field);
+    printer->Print(
+        "    f.serializeBinary($index$, writer, "
+        "$keyWriterFn$, $valueWriterFn$",
+        "index", StrCat(field->number()), "keyWriterFn",
+        JSBinaryWriterMethodName(options, key_field), "valueWriterFn",
+        JSBinaryWriterMethodName(options, value_field));
+
+    if (value_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      printer->Print(", $messageType$.serializeBinaryToWriter", "messageType",
+                     GetMessagePath(options, value_field->message_type()));
+    }
+
+    printer->Print(");\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        "    writer.write$method$(\n"
+        "      $index$,\n"
+        "      f",
+        "method", JSBinaryReadWriteMethodName(field, /* is_writer = */ true),
+        "index", StrCat(field->number()));
+
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        !field->is_map()) {
+      printer->Print(
+          ",\n"
+          "      $submsg$.serializeBinaryToWriter\n",
+          "submsg", SubmessageTypeRef(options, field));
+    } else {
+      printer->Print("\n");
+    }
+
+    printer->Print("    );\n");
+  }
+
+  // Close the `if`.
+  printer->Print("  }\n");
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateEnum(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                             io::Printer* printer,
+                             const EnumDescriptor* enumdesc) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * @enum {number}\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$enumprefix$$name$ = {\n",
+      "enumprefix", GetEnumPathPrefix(options, enumdesc), "name",
+      enumdesc->name());
+  printer->Annotate("name", enumdesc);
+
+  std::set<std::string> used_name;
+  std::vector<int> valid_index;
+  for (int i = 0; i < enumdesc->value_count(); i++) {
+    if (enumdesc->options().allow_alias() &&
+        !used_name.insert(ToEnumCase(enumdesc->value(i)->name())).second) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    valid_index.push_back(i);
+  }
+  for (auto i : valid_index) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value = enumdesc->value(i);
+    printer->Print("  $name$: $value$$comma$\n", "name",
+                   ToEnumCase(value->name()), "value",
+                   StrCat(value->number()), "comma",
+                   (i == valid_index.back()) ? "" : ",");
+    printer->Annotate("name", value);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "};\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateExtension(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                  io::Printer* printer,
+                                  const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  std::string extension_scope =
+      (field->extension_scope()
+           ? GetMessagePath(options, field->extension_scope())
+           : GetNamespace(options, field->file()));
+
+  const std::string extension_object_name = JSObjectFieldName(options, field);
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "/**\n"
+      " * A tuple of {field number, class constructor} for the extension\n"
+      " * field named `$nameInComment$`.\n"
+      " * @type {!jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo<$extensionType$>}\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$class$.$name$ = new jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo(\n",
+      "nameInComment", extension_object_name, "name", extension_object_name,
+      "class", extension_scope, "extensionType",
+      JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field,
+                            /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
+                            /* force_present = */ true,
+                            /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false));
+  printer->Annotate("name", field);
+  printer->Print(
+      "    $index$,\n"
+      "    {$name$: 0},\n"
+      "    $ctor$,\n"
+      "     /** @type {?function((boolean|undefined),!jspb.Message=): "
+      "!Object} */ (\n"
+      "         $toObject$),\n"
+      "    $repeated$);\n",
+      "index", StrCat(field->number()), "name", extension_object_name,
+      "ctor",
+      (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
+           ? SubmessageTypeRef(options, field)
+           : std::string("null")),
+      "toObject",
+      (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
+           ? (SubmessageTypeRef(options, field) + ".toObject")
+           : std::string("null")),
+      "repeated", (field->is_repeated() ? "1" : "0"));
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "$extendName$Binary[$index$] = new jspb.ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo(\n"
+      "    $class$.$name$,\n"
+      "    $binaryReaderFn$,\n"
+      "    $binaryWriterFn$,\n"
+      "    $binaryMessageSerializeFn$,\n"
+      "    $binaryMessageDeserializeFn$,\n",
+      "extendName",
+      JSExtensionsObjectName(options, field->file(), field->containing_type()),
+      "index", StrCat(field->number()), "class", extension_scope, "name",
+      extension_object_name, "binaryReaderFn",
+      JSBinaryReaderMethodName(options, field), "binaryWriterFn",
+      JSBinaryWriterMethodName(options, field), "binaryMessageSerializeFn",
+      (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE)
+          ? (SubmessageTypeRef(options, field) + ".serializeBinaryToWriter")
+          : "undefined",
+      "binaryMessageDeserializeFn",
+      (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE)
+          ? (SubmessageTypeRef(options, field) + ".deserializeBinaryFromReader")
+          : "undefined");
+
+  printer->Print("    $isPacked$);\n", "isPacked",
+                 (field->is_packed() ? "true" : "false"));
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "// This registers the extension field with the extended class, so that\n"
+      "// toObject() will function correctly.\n"
+      "$extendName$[$index$] = $class$.$name$;\n"
+      "\n",
+      "extendName",
+      JSExtensionsObjectName(options, field->file(), field->containing_type()),
+      "index", StrCat(field->number()), "class", extension_scope, "name",
+      extension_object_name);
+}
+
+bool GeneratorOptions::ParseFromOptions(
+    const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> >& options,
+    std::string* error) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) {
+    if (options[i].first == "add_require_for_enums") {
+      if (options[i].second != "") {
+        *error = "Unexpected option value for add_require_for_enums";
+        return false;
+      }
+      add_require_for_enums = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "binary") {
+      if (options[i].second != "") {
+        *error = "Unexpected option value for binary";
+        return false;
+      }
+      binary = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "testonly") {
+      if (options[i].second != "") {
+        *error = "Unexpected option value for testonly";
+        return false;
+      }
+      testonly = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "error_on_name_conflict") {
+      if (options[i].second != "") {
+        *error = "Unexpected option value for error_on_name_conflict";
+        return false;
+      }
+      error_on_name_conflict = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "output_dir") {
+      output_dir = options[i].second;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "namespace_prefix") {
+      namespace_prefix = options[i].second;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "library") {
+      library = options[i].second;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "import_style") {
+      if (options[i].second == "closure") {
+        import_style = kImportClosure;
+      } else if (options[i].second == "commonjs") {
+        import_style = kImportCommonJs;
+      } else if (options[i].second == "commonjs_strict") {
+        import_style = kImportCommonJsStrict;
+      } else if (options[i].second == "browser") {
+        import_style = kImportBrowser;
+      } else if (options[i].second == "es6") {
+        import_style = kImportEs6;
+      } else {
+        *error = "Unknown import style " + options[i].second + ", expected " +
+                 "one of: closure, commonjs, browser, es6.";
+      }
+    } else if (options[i].first == "extension") {
+      extension = options[i].second;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "one_output_file_per_input_file") {
+      if (!options[i].second.empty()) {
+        *error = "Unexpected option value for one_output_file_per_input_file";
+        return false;
+      }
+      one_output_file_per_input_file = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "annotate_code") {
+      if (!options[i].second.empty()) {
+        *error = "Unexpected option value for annotate_code";
+        return false;
+      }
+      annotate_code = true;
+    } else {
+      // Assume any other option is an output directory, as long as it is a bare
+      // `key` rather than a `key=value` option.
+      if (options[i].second != "") {
+        *error = "Unknown option: " + options[i].first;
+        return false;
+      }
+      output_dir = options[i].first;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (import_style != kImportClosure &&
+      (add_require_for_enums || testonly || !library.empty() ||
+       error_on_name_conflict || extension != ".js" ||
+       one_output_file_per_input_file)) {
+    *error =
+        "The add_require_for_enums, testonly, library, error_on_name_conflict, "
+        "extension, and one_output_file_per_input_file options should only be "
+        "used for import_style=closure";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+GeneratorOptions::OutputMode GeneratorOptions::output_mode() const {
+  // We use one output file per input file if we are not using Closure or if
+  // this is explicitly requested.
+  if (import_style != kImportClosure || one_output_file_per_input_file) {
+    return kOneOutputFilePerInputFile;
+  }
+
+  // If a library name is provided, we put everything in that one file.
+  if (!library.empty()) {
+    return kEverythingInOneFile;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise, we create one output file per SCC.
+  return kOneOutputFilePerSCC;
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateFilesInDepOrder(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+    const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files) const {
+  // Build a std::set over all files so that the DFS can detect when it recurses
+  // into a dep not specified in the user's command line.
+  std::set<const FileDescriptor*> all_files(files.begin(), files.end());
+  // Track the in-progress set of files that have been generated already.
+  std::set<const FileDescriptor*> generated;
+  for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
+    GenerateFileAndDeps(options, printer, files[i], &all_files, &generated);
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateFileAndDeps(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+    const FileDescriptor* root, std::set<const FileDescriptor*>* all_files,
+    std::set<const FileDescriptor*>* generated) const {
+  // Skip if already generated.
+  if (generated->find(root) != generated->end()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  generated->insert(root);
+
+  // Generate all dependencies before this file's content.
+  for (int i = 0; i < root->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    const FileDescriptor* dep = root->dependency(i);
+    GenerateFileAndDeps(options, printer, dep, all_files, generated);
+  }
+
+  // Generate this file's content.  Only generate if the file is part of the
+  // original set requested to be generated; i.e., don't take all transitive
+  // deps down to the roots.
+  if (all_files->find(root) != all_files->end()) {
+    GenerateClassesAndEnums(options, printer, root);
+  }
+}
+
+bool Generator::GenerateFile(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                             const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                             GeneratorContext* context,
+                             bool use_short_name) const {
+  std::string filename =
+      options.output_dir + "/" +
+      GetJSFilename(options, use_short_name
+                                 ? file->name().substr(file->name().rfind('/'))
+                                 : file->name());
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(context->Open(filename));
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(output);
+  GeneratedCodeInfo annotations;
+  io::AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> annotation_collector(
+      &annotations);
+  io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$',
+                      options.annotate_code ? &annotation_collector : nullptr);
+
+  GenerateFile(options, &printer, file);
+
+  if (printer.failed()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (options.annotate_code) {
+    EmbedCodeAnnotations(annotations, &printer);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateFile(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                             io::Printer* printer,
+                             const FileDescriptor* file) const {
+  GenerateHeader(options, file, printer);
+
+  // Generate "require" statements.
+  if ((options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportCommonJs ||
+       options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportCommonJsStrict)) {
+    printer->Print("var jspb = require('google-protobuf');\n");
+    printer->Print("var goog = jspb;\n");
+
+    // Do not use global scope in strict mode
+    if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportCommonJsStrict) {
+      printer->Print("var proto = {};\n\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print("var global = Function('return this')();\n\n");
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+      const std::string& name = file->dependency(i)->name();
+      printer->Print(
+          "var $alias$ = require('$file$');\n"
+          "goog.object.extend(proto, $alias$);\n",
+          "alias", ModuleAlias(name), "file",
+          GetRootPath(file->name(), name) + GetJSFilename(options, name));
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::set<std::string> provided;
+  std::set<const FieldDescriptor*> extensions;
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->extension_count(); i++) {
+    // We honor the jspb::ignore option here only when working with
+    // Closure-style imports. Use of this option is discouraged and so we want
+    // to avoid adding new support for it.
+    if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportClosure &&
+        IgnoreField(file->extension(i))) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    provided.insert(GetNamespace(options, file) + "." +
+                    JSObjectFieldName(options, file->extension(i)));
+    extensions.insert(file->extension(i));
+  }
+
+  FindProvidesForFile(options, printer, file, &provided);
+  GenerateProvides(options, printer, &provided);
+  std::vector<const FileDescriptor*> files;
+  files.push_back(file);
+  if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportClosure) {
+    GenerateRequiresForLibrary(options, printer, files, &provided);
+  }
+
+  GenerateClassesAndEnums(options, printer, file);
+
+  // Generate code for top-level extensions. Extensions nested inside messages
+  // are emitted inside GenerateClassesAndEnums().
+  for (std::set<const FieldDescriptor*>::const_iterator it = extensions.begin();
+       it != extensions.end(); ++it) {
+    GenerateExtension(options, printer, *it);
+  }
+
+  // if provided is empty, do not export anything
+  if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportCommonJs &&
+      !provided.empty()) {
+    printer->Print("goog.object.extend(exports, $package$);\n", "package",
+                   GetNamespace(options, file));
+  } else if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportCommonJsStrict) {
+    printer->Print("goog.object.extend(exports, proto);\n", "package",
+                   GetNamespace(options, file));
+  }
+
+  // Emit well-known type methods.
+  for (FileToc* toc = well_known_types_js; toc->name != NULL; toc++) {
+    std::string name = std::string("google/protobuf/") + toc->name;
+    if (name == StripProto(file->name()) + ".js") {
+      printer->Print(toc->data);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool Generator::GenerateAll(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                            const std::string& parameter,
+                            GeneratorContext* context,
+                            std::string* error) const {
+  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> > option_pairs;
+  ParseGeneratorParameter(parameter, &option_pairs);
+  GeneratorOptions options;
+  if (!options.ParseFromOptions(option_pairs, error)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+
+  if (options.output_mode() == GeneratorOptions::kEverythingInOneFile) {
+    // All output should go in a single file.
+    std::string filename = options.output_dir + "/" + options.library +
+                           options.GetFileNameExtension();
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(context->Open(filename));
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(output.get());
+    GeneratedCodeInfo annotations;
+    io::AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> annotation_collector(
+        &annotations);
+    io::Printer printer(
+        output.get(), '$',
+        options.annotate_code ? &annotation_collector : nullptr);
+
+    // Pull out all extensions -- we need these to generate all
+    // provides/requires.
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> extensions;
+    for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < files[i]->extension_count(); j++) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* extension = files[i]->extension(j);
+        extensions.push_back(extension);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (files.size() == 1) {
+      GenerateHeader(options, files[0], &printer);
+    } else {
+      GenerateHeader(options, nullptr, &printer);
+    }
+
+    std::set<std::string> provided;
+    FindProvides(options, &printer, files, &provided);
+    FindProvidesForFields(options, &printer, extensions, &provided);
+    GenerateProvides(options, &printer, &provided);
+    GenerateTestOnly(options, &printer);
+    GenerateRequiresForLibrary(options, &printer, files, &provided);
+
+    GenerateFilesInDepOrder(options, &printer, files);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < extensions.size(); i++) {
+      if (ShouldGenerateExtension(extensions[i])) {
+        GenerateExtension(options, &printer, extensions[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (printer.failed()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (options.annotate_code) {
+      EmbedCodeAnnotations(annotations, &printer);
+    }
+  } else if (options.output_mode() == GeneratorOptions::kOneOutputFilePerSCC) {
+    std::set<const Descriptor*> have_printed;
+    SCCAnalyzer<DepsGenerator> analyzer;
+    std::map<const void*, std::string> allowed_map;
+    if (!GenerateJspbAllowedMap(options, files, &allowed_map, &analyzer,
+                                error)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    bool generated = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
+      const FileDescriptor* file = files[i];
+      // Force well known type to generate in a whole file.
+      if (IsWellKnownTypeFile(file)) {
+        if (!GenerateFile(file, options, context, true)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        generated = true;
+        continue;
+      }
+      for (int j = 0; j < file->message_type_count(); j++) {
+        const Descriptor* desc = file->message_type(j);
+        if (have_printed.count(desc) ||
+            allowed_map.count(analyzer.GetSCC(desc)) == 0) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        generated = true;
+        const SCC* scc = analyzer.GetSCC(desc);
+        const std::string& filename = allowed_map[scc];
+        std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+            context->Open(filename));
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(output.get());
+        GeneratedCodeInfo annotations;
+        io::AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> annotation_collector(
+            &annotations);
+        io::Printer printer(
+            output.get(), '$',
+            options.annotate_code ? &annotation_collector : nullptr);
+
+        GenerateHeader(options, file, &printer);
+
+        std::set<std::string> provided;
+        for (auto one_desc : scc->descriptors) {
+          if (one_desc->containing_type() == nullptr) {
+            FindProvidesForMessage(options, &printer, one_desc, &provided);
+          }
+        }
+        GenerateProvides(options, &printer, &provided);
+        GenerateTestOnly(options, &printer);
+        GenerateRequiresForSCC(options, &printer, scc, &provided);
+
+        for (auto one_desc : scc->descriptors) {
+          if (one_desc->containing_type() == nullptr) {
+            GenerateClassConstructorAndDeclareExtensionFieldInfo(
+                options, &printer, one_desc);
+          }
+        }
+        for (auto one_desc : scc->descriptors) {
+          if (one_desc->containing_type() == nullptr) {
+            GenerateClass(options, &printer, one_desc);
+          }
+        }
+
+        for (auto one_desc : scc->descriptors) {
+          have_printed.insert(one_desc);
+        }
+
+        if (printer.failed()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (options.annotate_code) {
+          EmbedCodeAnnotations(annotations, &printer);
+        }
+      }
+      for (int j = 0; j < file->enum_type_count(); j++) {
+        const EnumDescriptor* enumdesc = file->enum_type(j);
+        if (allowed_map.count(enumdesc) == 0) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        generated = true;
+        const std::string& filename = allowed_map[enumdesc];
+        std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+            context->Open(filename));
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(output.get());
+        GeneratedCodeInfo annotations;
+        io::AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> annotation_collector(
+            &annotations);
+        io::Printer printer(
+            output.get(), '$',
+            options.annotate_code ? &annotation_collector : nullptr);
+
+        GenerateHeader(options, file, &printer);
+
+        std::set<std::string> provided;
+        FindProvidesForEnum(options, &printer, enumdesc, &provided);
+        GenerateProvides(options, &printer, &provided);
+        GenerateTestOnly(options, &printer);
+
+        GenerateEnum(options, &printer, enumdesc);
+
+        if (printer.failed()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (options.annotate_code) {
+          EmbedCodeAnnotations(annotations, &printer);
+        }
+      }
+      // File-level extensions (message-level extensions are generated under
+      // the enclosing message).
+      if (allowed_map.count(file) == 1) {
+        generated = true;
+        const std::string& filename = allowed_map[file];
+
+        std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+            context->Open(filename));
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(output.get());
+        GeneratedCodeInfo annotations;
+        io::AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> annotation_collector(
+            &annotations);
+        io::Printer printer(
+            output.get(), '$',
+            options.annotate_code ? &annotation_collector : nullptr);
+
+        GenerateHeader(options, file, &printer);
+
+        std::set<std::string> provided;
+        std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < files[i]->extension_count(); j++) {
+          if (ShouldGenerateExtension(files[i]->extension(j))) {
+            fields.push_back(files[i]->extension(j));
+          }
+        }
+
+        FindProvidesForFields(options, &printer, fields, &provided);
+        GenerateProvides(options, &printer, &provided);
+        GenerateTestOnly(options, &printer);
+        GenerateRequiresForExtensions(options, &printer, fields, &provided);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < files[i]->extension_count(); j++) {
+          if (ShouldGenerateExtension(files[i]->extension(j))) {
+            GenerateExtension(options, &printer, files[i]->extension(j));
+          }
+        }
+        if (options.annotate_code) {
+          EmbedCodeAnnotations(annotations, &printer);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (!generated) {
+      std::string filename = options.output_dir + "/" +
+                             "empty_no_content_void_file" +
+                             options.GetFileNameExtension();
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(context->Open(filename));
+    }
+  } else /* options.output_mode() == kOneOutputFilePerInputFile */ {
+    // Generate one output file per input (.proto) file.
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
+      const FileDescriptor* file = files[i];
+      if (!GenerateFile(file, options, context, false)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace js
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49f19f6eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Generates JavaScript code for a given .proto file.
+//
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JS_GENERATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JS_GENERATOR_H__
+
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/scc.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Descriptor;
+class EnumDescriptor;
+class FieldDescriptor;
+class OneofDescriptor;
+class FileDescriptor;
+
+namespace io {
+class Printer;
+}
+
+namespace compiler {
+namespace js {
+
+struct GeneratorOptions {
+  // Output path.
+  std::string output_dir;
+  // Namespace prefix.
+  std::string namespace_prefix;
+  // Enable binary-format support?
+  bool binary;
+  // What style of imports should be used.
+  enum ImportStyle {
+    kImportClosure,         // goog.require()
+    kImportCommonJs,        // require()
+    kImportCommonJsStrict,  // require() with no global export
+    kImportBrowser,         // no import statements
+    kImportEs6,             // import { member } from ''
+  } import_style;
+
+  GeneratorOptions()
+      : output_dir("."),
+        namespace_prefix(""),
+        binary(false),
+        import_style(kImportClosure),
+        add_require_for_enums(false),
+        testonly(false),
+        library(""),
+        error_on_name_conflict(false),
+        extension(".js"),
+        one_output_file_per_input_file(false),
+        annotate_code(false) {}
+
+  bool ParseFromOptions(
+      const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> >& options,
+      std::string* error);
+
+  // Returns the file name extension to use for generated code.
+  std::string GetFileNameExtension() const {
+    return import_style == kImportClosure ? extension : "_pb.js";
+  }
+
+  enum OutputMode {
+    // Create an output file for each input .proto file.
+    kOneOutputFilePerInputFile,
+    // Create an output file for each type.
+    kOneOutputFilePerSCC,
+    // Put everything in a single file named by the library option.
+    kEverythingInOneFile,
+  };
+
+  // Indicates how to output the generated code based on the provided options.
+  OutputMode output_mode() const;
+
+  // The remaining options are only relevant when we are using kImportClosure.
+
+  // Add a `goog.requires()` call for each enum type used. If not set, a
+  // forward declaration with `goog.forwardDeclare` is produced instead.
+  bool add_require_for_enums;
+  // Set this as a test-only module via `goog.setTestOnly();`.
+  bool testonly;
+  // Create a library with name <name>_lib.js rather than a separate .js file
+  // per type?
+  std::string library;
+  // Error if there are two types that would generate the same output file?
+  bool error_on_name_conflict;
+  // The extension to use for output file names.
+  std::string extension;
+  // Create a separate output file for each input file?
+  bool one_output_file_per_input_file;
+  // If true, we should append annotations as commen on the last line for
+  // generated .js file. Annotations used by tools like https://kythe.io
+  // to provide cross-references between .js and .proto files. Annotations
+  // are enced as base64 proto of GeneratedCodeInfo message (see
+  // descriptor.proto).
+  bool annotate_code;
+};
+
+// CodeGenerator implementation which generates a JavaScript source file and
+// header.  If you create your own protocol compiler binary and you want it to
+// support JavaScript output, you can do so by registering an instance of this
+// CodeGenerator with the CommandLineInterface in your main() function.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT Generator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  Generator() {}
+  virtual ~Generator() {}
+
+  virtual bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                        const std::string& parameter, GeneratorContext* context,
+                        std::string* error) const {
+    *error = "Unimplemented Generate() method. Call GenerateAll() instead.";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  virtual bool HasGenerateAll() const { return true; }
+
+  virtual bool GenerateAll(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                           const std::string& parameter,
+                           GeneratorContext* context, std::string* error) const;
+
+ private:
+  void GenerateHeader(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                      const FileDescriptor* file, io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  // Generate goog.provides() calls.
+  void FindProvides(const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+                    const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& file,
+                    std::set<std::string>* provided) const;
+  void FindProvidesForFile(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                           io::Printer* printer, const FileDescriptor* file,
+                           std::set<std::string>* provided) const;
+  void FindProvidesForMessage(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                              io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor* desc,
+                              std::set<std::string>* provided) const;
+  void FindProvidesForEnum(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                           io::Printer* printer, const EnumDescriptor* enumdesc,
+                           std::set<std::string>* provided) const;
+  // For extension fields at file scope.
+  void FindProvidesForFields(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                             io::Printer* printer,
+                             const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields,
+                             std::set<std::string>* provided) const;
+  // Print the goog.provides() found by the methods above.
+  void GenerateProvides(const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+                        std::set<std::string>* provided) const;
+
+  // Generate goog.setTestOnly() if indicated.
+  void GenerateTestOnly(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                        io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  // Generate goog.requires() calls.
+  void GenerateRequiresForLibrary(
+      const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+      const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+      std::set<std::string>* provided) const;
+  void GenerateRequiresForSCC(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                              io::Printer* printer, const SCC* scc,
+                              std::set<std::string>* provided) const;
+  // For extension fields at file scope.
+  void GenerateRequiresForExtensions(
+      const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields,
+      std::set<std::string>* provided) const;
+  void GenerateRequiresImpl(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                            io::Printer* printer,
+                            std::set<std::string>* required,
+                            std::set<std::string>* forwards,
+                            std::set<std::string>* provided, bool require_jspb,
+                            bool require_extension, bool require_map) const;
+  void FindRequiresForMessage(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                              const Descriptor* desc,
+                              std::set<std::string>* required,
+                              std::set<std::string>* forwards,
+                              bool* have_message) const;
+  void FindRequiresForField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                            std::set<std::string>* required,
+                            std::set<std::string>* forwards) const;
+  void FindRequiresForExtension(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                std::set<std::string>* required,
+                                std::set<std::string>* forwards) const;
+  // Generate all things in a proto file into one file.
+  // If use_short_name is true, the generated file's name will only be short
+  // name that without directory, otherwise filename equals file->name()
+  bool GenerateFile(const FileDescriptor* file, const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                    GeneratorContext* context, bool use_short_name) const;
+  void GenerateFile(const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+                    const FileDescriptor* file) const;
+
+  // Generate definitions for all message classes and enums in all files,
+  // processing the files in dependence order.
+  void GenerateFilesInDepOrder(
+      const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+      const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& file) const;
+  // Helper for above.
+  void GenerateFileAndDeps(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                           io::Printer* printer, const FileDescriptor* root,
+                           std::set<const FileDescriptor*>* all_files,
+                           std::set<const FileDescriptor*>* generated) const;
+
+  // Generate definitions for all message classes and enums.
+  void GenerateClassesAndEnums(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                               io::Printer* printer,
+                               const FileDescriptor* file) const;
+
+  void GenerateFieldValueExpression(io::Printer* printer,
+                                    const char* obj_reference,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    bool use_default) const;
+
+  // Generate definition for one class.
+  void GenerateClass(const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+                     const Descriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateClassConstructor(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                io::Printer* printer,
+                                const Descriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateClassFieldInfo(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                              io::Printer* printer,
+                              const Descriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateClassConstructorAndDeclareExtensionFieldInfo(
+      const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+      const Descriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateClassXid(const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+                        const Descriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateOneofCaseDefinition(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                   io::Printer* printer,
+                                   const OneofDescriptor* oneof) const;
+  void GenerateObjectTypedef(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                             io::Printer* printer,
+                             const Descriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateClassToObject(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                             io::Printer* printer,
+                             const Descriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateClassFieldToObject(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                  io::Printer* printer,
+                                  const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  void GenerateClassFromObject(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                               io::Printer* printer,
+                               const Descriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateClassFieldFromObject(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                    io::Printer* printer,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  void GenerateClassRegistration(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                 io::Printer* printer,
+                                 const Descriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateClassFields(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                           io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateClassField(const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+                          const FieldDescriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateClassExtensionFieldInfo(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                       io::Printer* printer,
+                                       const Descriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateClassDeserialize(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                io::Printer* printer,
+                                const Descriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateClassDeserializeBinary(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                      io::Printer* printer,
+                                      const Descriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateClassDeserializeBinaryField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                           io::Printer* printer,
+                                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  void GenerateClassSerializeBinary(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                    io::Printer* printer,
+                                    const Descriptor* desc) const;
+  void GenerateClassSerializeBinaryField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                         io::Printer* printer,
+                                         const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // Generate definition for one enum.
+  void GenerateEnum(const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+                    const EnumDescriptor* enumdesc) const;
+
+  // Generate an extension definition.
+  void GenerateExtension(const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // Generate addFoo() method for repeated primitive fields.
+  void GenerateRepeatedPrimitiveHelperMethods(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                              io::Printer* printer,
+                                              const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              bool untyped) const;
+
+  // Generate addFoo() method for repeated message fields.
+  void GenerateRepeatedMessageHelperMethods(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                            io::Printer* printer,
+                                            const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Generator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace js
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JS_GENERATOR_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/well_known_types_embed.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/well_known_types_embed.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5cb73657e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/well_known_types_embed.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/js/well_known_types_embed.h>
+
+struct FileToc well_known_types_js[] = {
+    {"any.js",
+     "/* This code will be inserted into generated code for\n"
+     " * google/protobuf/any.proto. */\n"
+     "\n"
+     "/**\n"
+     " * Returns the type name contained in this instance, if any.\n"
+     " * @return {string|undefined}\n"
+     " */\n"
+     "proto.google.protobuf.Any.prototype.getTypeName = function() {\n"
+     "  return this.getTypeUrl().split('/').pop();\n"
+     "};\n"
+     "\n"
+     "\n"
+     "/**\n"
+     " * Packs the given message instance into this Any.\n"
+     " * For binary format usage only.\n"
+     " * @param {!Uint8Array} serialized The serialized data to pack.\n"
+     " * @param {string} name The type name of this message object.\n"
+     " * @param {string=} opt_typeUrlPrefix the type URL prefix.\n"
+     " */\n"
+     "proto.google.protobuf.Any.prototype.pack = function(serialized, name,\n"
+     "                                                    opt_typeUrlPrefix) "
+     "{\n"
+     "  if (!opt_typeUrlPrefix) {\n"
+     "    opt_typeUrlPrefix = 'type.googleapis.com/';\n"
+     "  }\n"
+     "\n"
+     "  if (opt_typeUrlPrefix.substr(-1) != '/') {\n"
+     "    this.setTypeUrl(opt_typeUrlPrefix + '/' + name);\n"
+     "  } else {\n"
+     "    this.setTypeUrl(opt_typeUrlPrefix + name);\n"
+     "  }\n"
+     "\n"
+     "  this.setValue(serialized);\n"
+     "};\n"
+     "\n"
+     "\n"
+     "/**\n"
+     " * @template T\n"
+     " * Unpacks this Any into the given message object.\n"
+     " * @param {function(Uint8Array):T} deserialize Function that will "
+     "deserialize\n"
+     " *     the binary data properly.\n"
+     " * @param {string} name The expected type name of this message object.\n"
+     " * @return {?T} If the name matched the expected name, returns the "
+     "deserialized\n"
+     " *     object, otherwise returns null.\n"
+     " */\n"
+     "proto.google.protobuf.Any.prototype.unpack = function(deserialize, name) "
+     "{\n"
+     "  if (this.getTypeName() == name) {\n"
+     "    return deserialize(this.getValue_asU8());\n"
+     "  } else {\n"
+     "    return null;\n"
+     "  }\n"
+     "};\n"
+    },
+    {"timestamp.js",
+     "/* This code will be inserted into generated code for\n"
+     " * google/protobuf/timestamp.proto. */\n"
+     "\n"
+     "/**\n"
+     " * Returns a JavaScript 'Date' object corresponding to this Timestamp.\n"
+     " * @return {!Date}\n"
+     " */\n"
+     "proto.google.protobuf.Timestamp.prototype.toDate = function() {\n"
+     "  var seconds = this.getSeconds();\n"
+     "  var nanos = this.getNanos();\n"
+     "\n"
+     "  return new Date((seconds * 1000) + (nanos / 1000000));\n"
+     "};\n"
+     "\n"
+     "\n"
+     "/**\n"
+     " * Sets the value of this Timestamp object to be the given Date.\n"
+     " * @param {!Date} value The value to set.\n"
+     " */\n"
+     "proto.google.protobuf.Timestamp.prototype.fromDate = function(value) {\n"
+     "  this.setSeconds(Math.floor(value.getTime() / 1000));\n"
+     "  this.setNanos(value.getMilliseconds() * 1000000);\n"
+     "};\n"
+     "\n"
+     "\n"
+     "/**\n"
+     " * Factory method that returns a Timestamp object with value equal to\n"
+     " * the given Date.\n"
+     " * @param {!Date} value The value to set.\n"
+     " * @return {!proto.google.protobuf.Timestamp}\n"
+     " */\n"
+     "proto.google.protobuf.Timestamp.fromDate = function(value) {\n"
+     "  var timestamp = new proto.google.protobuf.Timestamp();\n"
+     "  timestamp.fromDate(value);\n"
+     "  return timestamp;\n"
+     "};\n"},
+    {"struct.js",
+     "/* This code will be inserted into generated code for\n"
+     " * google/protobuf/struct.proto. */\n"
+     "\n"
+     "/**\n"
+     " * Typedef representing plain JavaScript values that can go into a\n"
+     " *     Struct.\n"
+     " * @typedef {null|number|string|boolean|Array|Object}\n"
+     " */\n"
+     "proto.google.protobuf.JavaScriptValue;\n"
+     "\n"
+     "\n"
+     "/**\n"
+     " * Converts this Value object to a plain JavaScript value.\n"
+     " * @return {?proto.google.protobuf.JavaScriptValue} a plain JavaScript\n"
+     " *     value representing this Struct.\n"
+     " */\n"
+     "proto.google.protobuf.Value.prototype.toJavaScript = function() {\n"
+     "  var kindCase = proto.google.protobuf.Value.KindCase;\n"
+     "  switch (this.getKindCase()) {\n"
+     "    case kindCase.NULL_VALUE:\n"
+     "      return null;\n"
+     "    case kindCase.NUMBER_VALUE:\n"
+     "      return this.getNumberValue();\n"
+     "    case kindCase.STRING_VALUE:\n"
+     "      return this.getStringValue();\n"
+     "    case kindCase.BOOL_VALUE:\n"
+     "      return this.getBoolValue();\n"
+     "    case kindCase.STRUCT_VALUE:\n"
+     "      return this.getStructValue().toJavaScript();\n"
+     "    case kindCase.LIST_VALUE:\n"
+     "      return this.getListValue().toJavaScript();\n"
+     "    default:\n"
+     "      throw new Error('Unexpected struct type');\n"
+     "  }\n"
+     "};\n"
+     "\n"
+     "\n"
+     "/**\n"
+     " * Converts this JavaScript value to a new Value proto.\n"
+     " * @param {!proto.google.protobuf.JavaScriptValue} value The value to\n"
+     " *     convert.\n"
+     " * @return {!proto.google.protobuf.Value} The newly constructed value.\n"
+     " */\n"
+     "proto.google.protobuf.Value.fromJavaScript = function(value) {\n"
+     "  var ret = new proto.google.protobuf.Value();\n"
+     "  switch (goog.typeOf(value)) {\n"
+     "    case 'string':\n"
+     "      ret.setStringValue(/** @type {string} */ (value));\n"
+     "      break;\n"
+     "    case 'number':\n"
+     "      ret.setNumberValue(/** @type {number} */ (value));\n"
+     "      break;\n"
+     "    case 'boolean':\n"
+     "      ret.setBoolValue(/** @type {boolean} */ (value));\n"
+     "      break;\n"
+     "    case 'null':\n"
+     "      ret.setNullValue(proto.google.protobuf.NullValue.NULL_VALUE);\n"
+     "      break;\n"
+     "    case 'array':\n"
+     "      ret.setListValue(proto.google.protobuf.ListValue.fromJavaScript(\n"
+     "          /** @type{!Array} */ (value)));\n"
+     "      break;\n"
+     "    case 'object':\n"
+     "      ret.setStructValue(proto.google.protobuf.Struct.fromJavaScript(\n"
+     "          /** @type{!Object} */ (value)));\n"
+     "      break;\n"
+     "    default:\n"
+     "      throw new Error('Unexpected struct type.');\n"
+     "  }\n"
+     "\n"
+     "  return ret;\n"
+     "};\n"
+     "\n"
+     "\n"
+     "/**\n"
+     " * Converts this ListValue object to a plain JavaScript array.\n"
+     " * @return {!Array} a plain JavaScript array representing this List.\n"
+     " */\n"
+     "proto.google.protobuf.ListValue.prototype.toJavaScript = function() {\n"
+     "  var ret = [];\n"
+     "  var values = this.getValuesList();\n"
+     "\n"
+     "  for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {\n"
+     "    ret[i] = values[i].toJavaScript();\n"
+     "  }\n"
+     "\n"
+     "  return ret;\n"
+     "};\n"
+     "\n"
+     "\n"
+     "/**\n"
+     " * Constructs a ListValue protobuf from this plain JavaScript array.\n"
+     " * @param {!Array} array a plain JavaScript array\n"
+     " * @return {proto.google.protobuf.ListValue} a new ListValue object\n"
+     " */\n"
+     "proto.google.protobuf.ListValue.fromJavaScript = function(array) {\n"
+     "  var ret = new proto.google.protobuf.ListValue();\n"
+     "\n"
+     "  for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {\n"
+     "    "
+     "ret.addValues(proto.google.protobuf.Value.fromJavaScript(array[i]));\n"
+     "  }\n"
+     "\n"
+     "  return ret;\n"
+     "};\n"
+     "\n"
+     "\n"
+     "/**\n"
+     " * Converts this Struct object to a plain JavaScript object.\n"
+     " * @return {!Object<string, !proto.google.protobuf.JavaScriptValue>} a "
+     "plain\n"
+     " *     JavaScript object representing this Struct.\n"
+     " */\n"
+     "proto.google.protobuf.Struct.prototype.toJavaScript = function() {\n"
+     "  var ret = {};\n"
+     "\n"
+     "  this.getFieldsMap().forEach(function(value, key) {\n"
+     "    ret[key] = value.toJavaScript();\n"
+     "  });\n"
+     "\n"
+     "  return ret;\n"
+     "};\n"
+     "\n"
+     "\n"
+     "/**\n"
+     " * Constructs a Struct protobuf from this plain JavaScript object.\n"
+     " * @param {!Object} obj a plain JavaScript object\n"
+     " * @return {proto.google.protobuf.Struct} a new Struct object\n"
+     " */\n"
+     "proto.google.protobuf.Struct.fromJavaScript = function(obj) {\n"
+     "  var ret = new proto.google.protobuf.Struct();\n"
+     "  var map = ret.getFieldsMap();\n"
+     "\n"
+     "  for (var property in obj) {\n"
+     "    var val = obj[property];\n"
+     "    map.set(property, proto.google.protobuf.Value.fromJavaScript(val));\n"
+     "  }\n"
+     "\n"
+     "  return ret;\n"
+     "};\n"},
+    {NULL, NULL}  // Terminate the list.
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/well_known_types_embed.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/well_known_types_embed.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..174c665e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/well_known_types_embed.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JS_WELL_KNOWN_TYPES_EMBED_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JS_WELL_KNOWN_TYPES_EMBED_H__
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+struct FileToc {
+  const char* name;
+  const char* data;
+};
+
+extern struct FileToc well_known_types_js[];
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JS_WELL_KNOWN_TYPES_EMBED_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/main.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/main.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b723b14ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/main.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/php/php_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+int ProtobufMain(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+
+  CommandLineInterface cli;
+  cli.AllowPlugins("protoc-");
+
+  // Proto2 C++
+  cpp::CppGenerator cpp_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--cpp_out", "--cpp_opt", &cpp_generator,
+                        "Generate C++ header and source.");
+
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_INCLUDE_BASE
+  cpp_generator.set_opensource_runtime(true);
+  cpp_generator.set_runtime_include_base(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_INCLUDE_BASE);
+#endif
+
+  // Proto2 Java
+  java::JavaGenerator java_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--java_out", "--java_opt", &java_generator,
+                        "Generate Java source file.");
+
+
+  // Proto2 Python
+  python::Generator py_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--python_out", &py_generator,
+                        "Generate Python source file.");
+
+  // PHP
+  php::Generator php_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--php_out", &php_generator,
+                        "Generate PHP source file.");
+
+  // Ruby
+  ruby::Generator rb_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--ruby_out", &rb_generator,
+                        "Generate Ruby source file.");
+
+  // CSharp
+  csharp::Generator csharp_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--csharp_out", "--csharp_opt", &csharp_generator,
+                        "Generate C# source file.");
+
+  // Objective C
+  objectivec::ObjectiveCGenerator objc_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--objc_out", "--objc_opt", &objc_generator,
+                        "Generate Objective C header and source.");
+
+  // JavaScript
+  js::Generator js_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--js_out", &js_generator,
+                        "Generate JavaScript source.");
+
+  return cli.Run(argc, argv);
+}
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+  return PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::ProtobufMain(argc, argv);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e88b18bea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.h>
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+#ifdef major
+#undef major
+#endif
+#ifdef minor
+#undef minor
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+// Returns the list of the names of files in all_files in the form of a
+// comma-separated string.
+std::string CommaSeparatedList(
+    const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& all_files) {
+  std::vector<std::string> names;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < all_files.size(); i++) {
+    names.push_back(all_files[i]->name());
+  }
+  return Join(names, ",");
+}
+
+static const char* kFirstInsertionPointName = "first_mock_insertion_point";
+static const char* kSecondInsertionPointName = "second_mock_insertion_point";
+static const char* kFirstInsertionPoint =
+    "# @@protoc_insertion_point(first_mock_insertion_point) is here\n";
+static const char* kSecondInsertionPoint =
+    "  # @@protoc_insertion_point(second_mock_insertion_point) is here\n";
+
+MockCodeGenerator::MockCodeGenerator(const std::string& name) : name_(name) {}
+
+MockCodeGenerator::~MockCodeGenerator() {}
+
+void MockCodeGenerator::ExpectGenerated(
+    const std::string& name, const std::string& parameter,
+    const std::string& insertions, const std::string& file,
+    const std::string& first_message_name,
+    const std::string& first_parsed_file_name,
+    const std::string& output_directory) {
+  std::string content;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(
+      File::GetContents(output_directory + "/" + GetOutputFileName(name, file),
+                        &content, true));
+
+  std::vector<std::string> lines =
+      Split(content, "\n", true);
+
+  while (!lines.empty() && lines.back().empty()) {
+    lines.pop_back();
+  }
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
+    lines[i] += "\n";
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::string> insertion_list;
+  if (!insertions.empty()) {
+    SplitStringUsing(insertions, ",", &insertion_list);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(lines.size(), 3 + insertion_list.size() * 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(GetOutputFileContent(name, parameter, file, first_parsed_file_name,
+                                 first_message_name),
+            lines[0]);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(kFirstInsertionPoint, lines[1 + insertion_list.size()]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondInsertionPoint, lines[2 + insertion_list.size() * 2]);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < insertion_list.size(); i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetOutputFileContent(insertion_list[i], "first_insert", file,
+                                   file, first_message_name),
+              lines[1 + i]);
+    // Second insertion point is indented, so the inserted text should
+    // automatically be indented too.
+    EXPECT_EQ("  " + GetOutputFileContent(insertion_list[i], "second_insert",
+                                          file, file, first_message_name),
+              lines[2 + insertion_list.size() + i]);
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+void CheckSingleAnnotation(const std::string& expected_file,
+                           const std::string& expected_text,
+                           const std::string& file_content,
+                           const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation& annotation) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_file, annotation.source_file());
+  ASSERT_GE(file_content.size(), annotation.begin());
+  ASSERT_GE(file_content.size(), annotation.end());
+  ASSERT_LE(annotation.begin(), annotation.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_text.size(), annotation.end() - annotation.begin());
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_text,
+            file_content.substr(annotation.begin(), expected_text.size()));
+}
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+void MockCodeGenerator::CheckGeneratedAnnotations(
+    const std::string& name, const std::string& file,
+    const std::string& output_directory) {
+  std::string file_content;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(
+      File::GetContents(output_directory + "/" + GetOutputFileName(name, file),
+                        &file_content, true));
+  std::string meta_content;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(
+      output_directory + "/" + GetOutputFileName(name, file) + ".meta",
+      &meta_content, true));
+  GeneratedCodeInfo annotations;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(TextFormat::ParseFromString(meta_content, &annotations));
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, annotations.annotation_size());
+  CheckSingleAnnotation("first_annotation", "first", file_content,
+                        annotations.annotation(0));
+  CheckSingleAnnotation("second_annotation", "second", file_content,
+                        annotations.annotation(1));
+  CheckSingleAnnotation("third_annotation", "third", file_content,
+                        annotations.annotation(2));
+}
+
+bool MockCodeGenerator::Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                 const std::string& parameter,
+                                 GeneratorContext* context,
+                                 std::string* error) const {
+  bool annotate = false;
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (HasPrefixString(file->message_type(i)->name(), "MockCodeGenerator_")) {
+      std::string command = StripPrefixString(
+          file->message_type(i)->name(), "MockCodeGenerator_");
+      if (command == "Error") {
+        *error = "Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_Error.";
+        return false;
+      } else if (command == "Exit") {
+        std::cerr << "Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_Exit." << std::endl;
+        exit(123);
+      } else if (command == "Abort") {
+        std::cerr << "Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_Abort." << std::endl;
+        abort();
+      } else if (command == "HasSourceCodeInfo") {
+        FileDescriptorProto file_descriptor_proto;
+        file->CopySourceCodeInfoTo(&file_descriptor_proto);
+        bool has_source_code_info =
+            file_descriptor_proto.has_source_code_info() &&
+            file_descriptor_proto.source_code_info().location_size() > 0;
+        std::cerr << "Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_HasSourceCodeInfo: "
+                  << has_source_code_info << "." << std::endl;
+        abort();
+      } else if (command == "HasJsonName") {
+        FieldDescriptorProto field_descriptor_proto;
+        file->message_type(i)->field(0)->CopyTo(&field_descriptor_proto);
+        std::cerr << "Saw json_name: " << field_descriptor_proto.has_json_name()
+                  << std::endl;
+        abort();
+      } else if (command == "Annotate") {
+        annotate = true;
+      } else if (command == "ShowVersionNumber") {
+        Version compiler_version;
+        context->GetCompilerVersion(&compiler_version);
+        std::cerr << "Saw compiler_version: "
+                  << compiler_version.major() * 1000000 +
+                         compiler_version.minor() * 1000 +
+                         compiler_version.patch()
+                  << " " << compiler_version.suffix() << std::endl;
+        abort();
+      } else {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown MockCodeGenerator command: " << command;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (HasPrefixString(parameter, "insert=")) {
+    std::vector<std::string> insert_into;
+    SplitStringUsing(StripPrefixString(parameter, "insert="), ",",
+                     &insert_into);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < insert_into.size(); i++) {
+      {
+        std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(context->OpenForInsert(
+            GetOutputFileName(insert_into[i], file), kFirstInsertionPointName));
+        io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+        printer.PrintRaw(
+            GetOutputFileContent(name_, "first_insert", file, context));
+        if (printer.failed()) {
+          *error = "MockCodeGenerator detected write error.";
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      {
+        std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+            context->OpenForInsert(GetOutputFileName(insert_into[i], file),
+                                   kSecondInsertionPointName));
+        io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+        printer.PrintRaw(
+            GetOutputFileContent(name_, "second_insert", file, context));
+        if (printer.failed()) {
+          *error = "MockCodeGenerator detected write error.";
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+        context->Open(GetOutputFileName(name_, file)));
+
+    GeneratedCodeInfo annotations;
+    io::AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> annotation_collector(
+        &annotations);
+    io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$',
+                        annotate ? &annotation_collector : NULL);
+    printer.PrintRaw(GetOutputFileContent(name_, parameter, file, context));
+    std::string annotate_suffix = "_annotation";
+    if (annotate) {
+      printer.Print("$p$", "p", "first");
+      printer.Annotate("p", "first" + annotate_suffix);
+    }
+    printer.PrintRaw(kFirstInsertionPoint);
+    if (annotate) {
+      printer.Print("$p$", "p", "second");
+      printer.Annotate("p", "second" + annotate_suffix);
+    }
+    printer.PrintRaw(kSecondInsertionPoint);
+    if (annotate) {
+      printer.Print("$p$", "p", "third");
+      printer.Annotate("p", "third" + annotate_suffix);
+    }
+
+    if (printer.failed()) {
+      *error = "MockCodeGenerator detected write error.";
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (annotate) {
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> meta_output(
+          context->Open(GetOutputFileName(name_, file) + ".meta"));
+      if (!TextFormat::Print(annotations, meta_output.get())) {
+        *error = "MockCodeGenerator couldn't write .meta";
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::string MockCodeGenerator::GetOutputFileName(
+    const std::string& generator_name, const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  return GetOutputFileName(generator_name, file->name());
+}
+
+std::string MockCodeGenerator::GetOutputFileName(
+    const std::string& generator_name, const std::string& file) {
+  return file + ".MockCodeGenerator." + generator_name;
+}
+
+std::string MockCodeGenerator::GetOutputFileContent(
+    const std::string& generator_name, const std::string& parameter,
+    const FileDescriptor* file, GeneratorContext* context) {
+  std::vector<const FileDescriptor*> all_files;
+  context->ListParsedFiles(&all_files);
+  return GetOutputFileContent(
+      generator_name, parameter, file->name(), CommaSeparatedList(all_files),
+      file->message_type_count() > 0 ? file->message_type(0)->name()
+                                     : "(none)");
+}
+
+std::string MockCodeGenerator::GetOutputFileContent(
+    const std::string& generator_name, const std::string& parameter,
+    const std::string& file, const std::string& parsed_file_list,
+    const std::string& first_message_name) {
+  return strings::Substitute("$0: $1, $2, $3, $4\n", generator_name, parameter,
+                             file, first_message_name, parsed_file_list);
+}
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..082ba18d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_MOCK_CODE_GENERATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_MOCK_CODE_GENERATOR_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class FileDescriptor;
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+// A mock CodeGenerator, used by command_line_interface_unittest.  This is in
+// its own file so that it can be used both directly and as a plugin.
+//
+// Generate() produces some output which can be checked by ExpectCalled().  The
+// generator can run in a different process (e.g. a plugin).
+//
+// If the parameter is "insert=NAMES", the MockCodeGenerator will insert lines
+// into the files generated by other MockCodeGenerators instead of creating
+// its own file.  NAMES is a comma-separated list of the names of those other
+// MockCodeGenerators.
+//
+// MockCodeGenerator will also modify its behavior slightly if the input file
+// contains a message type with one of the following names:
+//   MockCodeGenerator_Error:  Causes Generate() to return false and set the
+//     error message to "Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_Error."
+//   MockCodeGenerator_Exit:  Generate() prints "Saw message type
+//     MockCodeGenerator_Exit." to stderr and then calls exit(123).
+//   MockCodeGenerator_Abort:  Generate() prints "Saw message type
+//     MockCodeGenerator_Abort." to stderr and then calls abort().
+//   MockCodeGenerator_HasSourceCodeInfo:  Causes Generate() to abort after
+//     printing "Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_HasSourceCodeInfo: FOO." to
+//     stderr, where FOO is "1" if the supplied FileDescriptorProto has source
+//     code info, and "0" otherwise.
+//   MockCodeGenerator_Annotate:  Generate() will add annotations to its output
+//     that can later be verified with CheckGeneratedAnnotations.
+class MockCodeGenerator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  MockCodeGenerator(const std::string& name);
+  virtual ~MockCodeGenerator();
+
+  // Expect (via gTest) that a MockCodeGenerator with the given name was called
+  // with the given parameters by inspecting the output location.
+  //
+  // |insertions| is a comma-separated list of names of MockCodeGenerators which
+  // should have inserted lines into this file.
+  // |parsed_file_list| is a comma-separated list of names of the files
+  // that are being compiled together in this run.
+  static void ExpectGenerated(const std::string& name,
+                              const std::string& parameter,
+                              const std::string& insertions,
+                              const std::string& file,
+                              const std::string& first_message_name,
+                              const std::string& parsed_file_list,
+                              const std::string& output_directory);
+
+  // Checks that the correct text ranges were annotated by the
+  // MockCodeGenerator_Annotate directive.
+  static void CheckGeneratedAnnotations(const std::string& name,
+                                        const std::string& file,
+                                        const std::string& output_directory);
+
+  // Get the name of the file which would be written by the given generator.
+  static std::string GetOutputFileName(const std::string& generator_name,
+                                       const FileDescriptor* file);
+  static std::string GetOutputFileName(const std::string& generator_name,
+                                       const std::string& file);
+
+  // implements CodeGenerator ----------------------------------------
+
+  virtual bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                        const std::string& parameter, GeneratorContext* context,
+                        std::string* error) const;
+
+ private:
+  std::string name_;
+
+  static std::string GetOutputFileContent(const std::string& generator_name,
+                                          const std::string& parameter,
+                                          const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                          GeneratorContext* context);
+  static std::string GetOutputFileContent(
+      const std::string& generator_name, const std::string& parameter,
+      const std::string& file, const std::string& parsed_file_list,
+      const std::string& first_message_name);
+};
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_MOCK_CODE_GENERATOR_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/method_dump.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/method_dump.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..193825dbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/method_dump.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Updates objectivec_nsobject_methods.h by generating a list of all of the properties
+# and methods on NSObject that Protobufs should not overload from iOS and macOS combined.
+#
+# The rules:
+#   - No property should ever be overloaded.
+#   - Do not overload any methods that have 0 args such as "autorelease".
+#   - Do not overload any methods that start with "set[A-Z]" and have 1 arg such as
+#     "setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:". Note that these will end up in the list as just
+#     the "proto field" name, so "setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:" will become
+#     "valuesForKeysWithDictionary".
+
+set -eu
+
+trim() {
+    local var="$*"
+    # remove leading whitespace characters
+    var="${var#"${var%%[![:space:]]*}"}"
+    # remove trailing whitespace characters
+    var="${var%"${var##*[![:space:]]}"}"
+    echo -n "$var"
+}
+
+objc_code=$(cat <<'END_CODE'
+#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#import <objc/runtime.h>
+
+int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
+  @autoreleasepool {
+    Class cls = [NSObject class];
+
+    // List out the protocols on NSObject just so we are aware if they change.
+    unsigned int protocolCount;
+    __unsafe_unretained Protocol **protocols =
+        class_copyProtocolList(cls, &protocolCount);
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < protocolCount; i++) {
+      printf("// Protocol: %s\n", protocol_getName(protocols[i]));
+    }
+    free(protocols);
+
+    // Grab all the properties.
+    unsigned int propCount;
+    objc_property_t *props = class_copyPropertyList(cls, &propCount);
+    NSMutableSet *reservedNames = [[NSMutableSet alloc] init];
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < propCount; ++i) {
+      NSString *propertyName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:property_getName(props[i])];
+      [reservedNames addObject:propertyName];
+    }
+    free(props);
+
+    // Note that methods have 2 defaults args (_cmd and SEL) so a method "0 arg method"
+    // actually has 2.
+    unsigned int methodCount;
+    Method *methods = class_copyMethodList(cls, &methodCount);
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < methodCount; ++i) {
+      int argCount = method_getNumberOfArguments(methods[i]);
+      NSString *methodName =
+          [NSString stringWithUTF8String:sel_getName(method_getName(methods[i]))];
+      if (argCount == 2) {
+        [reservedNames addObject:methodName];
+      }
+      if (argCount == 3 && [methodName hasPrefix:@"set"] && methodName.length > 4) {
+        NSString *firstLetter = [methodName substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(3,1)];
+        NSString *lowerFirstLetter = [firstLetter lowercaseString];
+        if ([lowerFirstLetter isEqual:firstLetter]) {
+          // Make sure the next letter is a capital letter so we do not take things like
+          // settingSomething:
+          continue;
+        }
+        // -5 because 3 for set, 1 for the firstLetter and 1 for the colon on the end.
+        NSString *restOfString =
+            [methodName substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(4, methodName.length - 5)];
+        methodName = [lowerFirstLetter stringByAppendingString:restOfString];
+        [reservedNames addObject:methodName];
+      }
+    }
+    free(methods);
+
+    SEL sortSelector = @selector(caseInsensitiveCompare:);
+    NSArray *array = [reservedNames.allObjects sortedArrayUsingSelector:sortSelector];
+    for (NSString *item in array) {
+      // Some items with _ in them get returned in quotes, so do not add more.
+      if ([item hasPrefix:@"\""]) {
+        printf("\t%s,\n", item.UTF8String);
+      } else {
+        printf("\t\"%s\",\n", item.UTF8String);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+END_CODE
+)
+
+file_header=$(cat <<'END_HEADER'
+// NSObject methods
+// Autogenerated by method_dump.sh. Do not edit by hand.
+// Date: %DATE%
+// macOS: %MACOS%
+// iOS: %IOS%
+
+const char* const kNSObjectMethodsList[] = {
+END_HEADER
+)
+
+file_footer=$(cat <<'END_FOOTER'
+};
+END_FOOTER
+)
+
+# Check to make sure we are updating the correct file.
+if [[ ! -e "objectivec_nsobject_methods.h" ]]; then
+  echo "error: Must be run in the src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec directory"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+temp_dir=$(mktemp -d)
+
+echo "$objc_code" >> "$temp_dir"/method_dump.m
+
+# Compile up iphonesimulator and macos version of cmd line app.
+iphone_simulator_sdk=$(xcrun --sdk iphonesimulator --show-sdk-path)
+clang -isysroot "$iphone_simulator_sdk" -o "$temp_dir"/method_dump_ios \
+    -framework Foundation -framework UIKit "$temp_dir"/method_dump.m
+macos_sdk=$(xcrun --sdk macosx --show-sdk-path)
+clang -isysroot "$macos_sdk" -o "$temp_dir"/method_dump_macos -framework Foundation \
+    -framework Cocoa "$temp_dir"/method_dump.m
+
+# Create a device of the latest phone and iphonesimulator SDK and run our iOS cmd line.
+device_type=$(xcrun simctl list devicetypes | grep \.iPhone- | tail -1 | sed 's/.*(\(.*\))/\1/')
+# runtimes come with a space at the end (for Xcode 10) so let's trim all of our input to
+# be safe.
+device_type=$(trim "$device_type")
+runtime=$(xcrun simctl list runtimes | grep \.iOS- | tail -1 | \
+    sed 's/.*\(com\.apple.\CoreSimulator\.SimRuntime\.iOS.*\)/\1/')
+runtime=$(trim "$runtime")
+uuid=$(uuidgen)
+device_name="method_dump_device_$uuid"
+device=$(xcrun simctl create "$device_name" "$device_type" "$runtime")
+xcrun simctl spawn "$device" "$temp_dir"/method_dump_ios > "$temp_dir"/methods_unsorted_ios.txt
+xcrun simctl delete "$device"
+
+# Run the Mac version
+"$temp_dir"/method_dump_macos >> "$temp_dir"/methods_unsorted_macos.txt
+
+# Generate sorted output
+echo "$file_header" | sed -e "s|%DATE%|$(date)|" -e "s|%MACOS%|$(basename $macos_sdk)|" \
+    -e "s|%IOS%|$(basename $iphone_simulator_sdk)|" > "$temp_dir"/methods_sorted.txt
+sort -u "$temp_dir"/methods_unsorted_ios.txt \
+    "$temp_dir"/methods_unsorted_macos.txt >> "$temp_dir"/methods_sorted.txt
+echo $"$file_footer" >> "$temp_dir"/methods_sorted.txt
+
+# Check for differences. Turn off error checking because we expect diff to fail when
+# there are no differences.
+set +e
+diff_out=$(diff -I "^//.*$" "$temp_dir"/methods_sorted.txt objectivec_nsobject_methods.h)
+removed_methods=$(echo "$diff_out" | grep '^>.*$')
+set -e
+if [[ -n "$removed_methods" ]]; then
+  echo "error: Methods removed from NSObject"
+  echo "It appears that some methods may have been removed from NSObject."
+  echo "This could mean that there may be some backwards compatibility issues."
+  echo "You could potentially build apps that may not work on earlier systems than:"
+  echo "$iphone_simulator_sdk"
+  echo "$macos_sdk"
+  echo "If they declare protobuf types that use any of the following as names:"
+  echo "$removed_methods"
+  echo ""
+  echo "New Version: $temp_dir/methods_sorted.txt"
+  echo "Old Version: objectivec_nsobject_methods.h"
+  exit 1
+fi
+if [[ -n "$diff_out" ]]; then
+  echo "Added Methods:"
+  echo "$(echo "$diff_out" | grep '^<.*$' | sed -e 's/^< "\(.*\)",$/  \1/')"
+fi;
+cp "$temp_dir"/methods_sorted.txt objectivec_nsobject_methods.h
+rm -rf "$temp_dir"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2967683e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <algorithm> // std::find()
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+EnumGenerator::EnumGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      name_(EnumName(descriptor_)) {
+  // Track the names for the enum values, and if an alias overlaps a base
+  // value, skip making a name for it. Likewise if two alias overlap, the
+  // first one wins.
+  // The one gap in this logic is if two base values overlap, but for that
+  // to happen you have to have "Foo" and "FOO" or "FOO_BAR" and "FooBar",
+  // and if an enum has that, it is already going to be confusing and a
+  // compile error is just fine.
+  // The values are still tracked to support the reflection apis and
+  // TextFormat handing since they are different there.
+  std::set<std::string> value_names;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value = descriptor_->value(i);
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* canonical_value =
+        descriptor_->FindValueByNumber(value->number());
+
+    if (value == canonical_value) {
+      base_values_.push_back(value);
+      value_names.insert(EnumValueName(value));
+    } else {
+      string value_name(EnumValueName(value));
+      if (value_names.find(value_name) != value_names.end()) {
+        alias_values_to_skip_.insert(value);
+      } else {
+        value_names.insert(value_name);
+      }
+    }
+    all_values_.push_back(value);
+  }
+}
+
+EnumGenerator::~EnumGenerator() {}
+
+void EnumGenerator::GenerateHeader(io::Printer* printer) {
+  string enum_comments;
+  SourceLocation location;
+  if (descriptor_->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+    enum_comments = BuildCommentsString(location, true);
+  } else {
+    enum_comments = "";
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "#pragma mark - Enum $name$\n"
+      "\n",
+      "name", name_);
+
+  // Swift 5 included SE0192 "Handling Future Enum Cases"
+  //   https://github.com/apple/swift-evolution/blob/master/proposals/0192-non-exhaustive-enums.md
+  // Since a .proto file can get new values added to an enum at any time, they
+  // are effectively "non-frozen". Even in a proto3 syntax file where there is
+  // support for the unknown value, an edit to the file can always add a new
+  // value moving something from unknown to known. Since Swift is now ABI
+  // stable, it also means a binary could contain Swift compiled against one
+  // version of the .pbobjc.h file, but finally linked against an enum with
+  // more cases. So the Swift code will always have to treat ObjC Proto Enums
+  // as "non-frozen". The default behavior in SE0192 is for all objc enums to
+  // be "non-frozen" unless marked as otherwise, so this means this generation
+  // doesn't have to bother with the `enum_extensibility` attribute, as the
+  // default will be what is needed.
+
+  printer->Print("$comments$typedef$deprecated_attribute$ GPB_ENUM($name$) {\n",
+                 "comments", enum_comments,
+                 "deprecated_attribute", GetOptionalDeprecatedAttribute(descriptor_, descriptor_->file()),
+                 "name", name_);
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  if (HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Include the unknown value.
+    printer->Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Value used if any message's field encounters a value that is not defined\n"
+      " * by this enum. The message will also have C functions to get/set the rawValue\n"
+      " * of the field.\n"
+      " **/\n"
+      "$name$_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue,\n",
+      "name", name_);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < all_values_.size(); i++) {
+    if (alias_values_to_skip_.find(all_values_[i]) != alias_values_to_skip_.end()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    SourceLocation location;
+    if (all_values_[i]->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+      string comments = BuildCommentsString(location, true).c_str();
+      if (comments.length() > 0) {
+        if (i > 0) {
+          printer->Print("\n");
+        }
+        printer->Print(comments.c_str());
+      }
+    }
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "$name$$deprecated_attribute$ = $value$,\n",
+        "name", EnumValueName(all_values_[i]),
+        "deprecated_attribute", GetOptionalDeprecatedAttribute(all_values_[i]),
+        "value", StrCat(all_values_[i]->number()));
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "};\n"
+      "\n"
+      "GPBEnumDescriptor *$name$_EnumDescriptor(void);\n"
+      "\n"
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Checks to see if the given value is defined by the enum or was not known at\n"
+      " * the time this source was generated.\n"
+      " **/\n"
+      "BOOL $name$_IsValidValue(int32_t value);\n"
+      "\n",
+      "name", name_);
+}
+
+void EnumGenerator::GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "#pragma mark - Enum $name$\n"
+      "\n",
+      "name", name_);
+
+  // Note: For the TextFormat decode info, we can't use the enum value as
+  // the key because protocol buffer enums have 'allow_alias', which lets
+  // a value be used more than once. Instead, the index into the list of
+  // enum value descriptions is used. Note: start with -1 so the first one
+  // will be zero.
+  TextFormatDecodeData text_format_decode_data;
+  int enum_value_description_key = -1;
+  string text_blob;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < all_values_.size(); i++) {
+    ++enum_value_description_key;
+    string short_name(EnumValueShortName(all_values_[i]));
+    text_blob += short_name + '\0';
+    if (UnCamelCaseEnumShortName(short_name) != all_values_[i]->name()) {
+      text_format_decode_data.AddString(enum_value_description_key, short_name,
+                                        all_values_[i]->name());
+    }
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "GPBEnumDescriptor *$name$_EnumDescriptor(void) {\n"
+      "  static _Atomic(GPBEnumDescriptor*) descriptor = nil;\n"
+      "  if (!descriptor) {\n",
+      "name", name_);
+
+  static const int kBytesPerLine = 40;  // allow for escaping
+  printer->Print(
+      "    static const char *valueNames =");
+  for (int i = 0; i < text_blob.size(); i += kBytesPerLine) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "\n        \"$data$\"",
+        "data", EscapeTrigraphs(CEscape(text_blob.substr(i, kBytesPerLine))));
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+      ";\n"
+      "    static const int32_t values[] = {\n");
+  for (int i = 0; i < all_values_.size(); i++) {
+    printer->Print("        $name$,\n",  "name", EnumValueName(all_values_[i]));
+  }
+  printer->Print("    };\n");
+
+  if (text_format_decode_data.num_entries() == 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "    GPBEnumDescriptor *worker =\n"
+        "        [GPBEnumDescriptor allocDescriptorForName:GPBNSStringifySymbol($name$)\n"
+        "                                       valueNames:valueNames\n"
+        "                                           values:values\n"
+        "                                            count:(uint32_t)(sizeof(values) / sizeof(int32_t))\n"
+        "                                     enumVerifier:$name$_IsValidValue];\n",
+        "name", name_);
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+        "    static const char *extraTextFormatInfo = \"$extraTextFormatInfo$\";\n"
+        "    GPBEnumDescriptor *worker =\n"
+        "        [GPBEnumDescriptor allocDescriptorForName:GPBNSStringifySymbol($name$)\n"
+        "                                       valueNames:valueNames\n"
+        "                                           values:values\n"
+        "                                            count:(uint32_t)(sizeof(values) / sizeof(int32_t))\n"
+        "                                     enumVerifier:$name$_IsValidValue\n"
+        "                              extraTextFormatInfo:extraTextFormatInfo];\n",
+        "name", name_,
+        "extraTextFormatInfo", CEscape(text_format_decode_data.Data()));
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+      "    GPBEnumDescriptor *expected = nil;\n"
+      "    if (!atomic_compare_exchange_strong(&descriptor, &expected, worker)) {\n"
+      "      [worker release];\n"
+      "    }\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return descriptor;\n"
+      "}\n\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "BOOL $name$_IsValidValue(int32_t value__) {\n"
+      "  switch (value__) {\n",
+      "name", name_);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < base_values_.size(); i++) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "    case $name$:\n",
+        "name", EnumValueName(base_values_[i]));
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "      return YES;\n"
+      "    default:\n"
+      "      return NO;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n\n");
+}
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50a656447
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ENUM_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ENUM_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class EnumGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit EnumGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor);
+  ~EnumGenerator();
+
+  EnumGenerator(const EnumGenerator&) = delete;
+  EnumGenerator& operator=(const EnumGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  void GenerateHeader(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  const string& name() const { return name_; }
+
+ private:
+  const EnumDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::vector<const EnumValueDescriptor*> base_values_;
+  std::vector<const EnumValueDescriptor*> all_values_;
+  std::set<const EnumValueDescriptor*> alias_values_to_skip_;
+  const string name_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ENUM_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9890d0a14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetEnumVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                      std::map<string, string>* variables) {
+  string type = EnumName(descriptor->enum_type());
+  (*variables)["storage_type"] = type;
+  // For non repeated fields, if it was defined in a different file, the
+  // property decls need to use "enum NAME" rather than just "NAME" to support
+  // the forward declaration of the enums.
+  if (!descriptor->is_repeated() &&
+      (descriptor->file() != descriptor->enum_type()->file())) {
+    (*variables)["property_type"] = "enum " + type;
+  }
+  (*variables)["enum_verifier"] = type + "_IsValidValue";
+  (*variables)["enum_desc_func"] = type + "_EnumDescriptor";
+
+  (*variables)["dataTypeSpecific_name"] = "enumDescFunc";
+  (*variables)["dataTypeSpecific_value"] = (*variables)["enum_desc_func"];
+
+  const Descriptor* msg_descriptor = descriptor->containing_type();
+  (*variables)["owning_message_class"] = ClassName(msg_descriptor);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+EnumFieldGenerator::EnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       const Options& options)
+    : SingleFieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetEnumVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+}
+
+EnumFieldGenerator::~EnumFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateCFunctionDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Fetches the raw value of a @c $owning_message_class$'s @c $name$ property, even\n"
+      " * if the value was not defined by the enum at the time the code was generated.\n"
+      " **/\n"
+      "int32_t $owning_message_class$_$capitalized_name$_RawValue($owning_message_class$ *message);\n"
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Sets the raw value of an @c $owning_message_class$'s @c $name$ property, allowing\n"
+      " * it to be set to a value that was not defined by the enum at the time the code\n"
+      " * was generated.\n"
+      " **/\n"
+      "void Set$owning_message_class$_$capitalized_name$_RawValue($owning_message_class$ *message, int32_t value);\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateCFunctionImplementations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) return;
+
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "int32_t $owning_message_class$_$capitalized_name$_RawValue($owning_message_class$ *message) {\n"
+      "  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [$owning_message_class$ descriptor];\n"
+      "  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:$field_number_name$];\n"
+      "  return GPBGetMessageInt32Field(message, field);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "void Set$owning_message_class$_$capitalized_name$_RawValue($owning_message_class$ *message, int32_t value) {\n"
+      "  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [$owning_message_class$ descriptor];\n"
+      "  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:$field_number_name$];\n"
+      "  GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(message, field, value, descriptor.file.syntax);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::DetermineForwardDeclarations(
+    std::set<string>* fwd_decls) const {
+  SingleFieldGenerator::DetermineForwardDeclarations(fwd_decls);
+  // If it is an enum defined in a different file, then we'll need a forward
+  // declaration for it.  When it is in our file, all the enums are output
+  // before the message, so it will be declared before it is needed.
+  if (descriptor_->file() != descriptor_->enum_type()->file()) {
+    // Enum name is already in "storage_type".
+    const string& name = variable("storage_type");
+    fwd_decls->insert("GPB_ENUM_FWD_DECLARE(" + name + ")");
+  }
+}
+
+RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options)
+    : RepeatedFieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetEnumVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+  variables_["array_storage_type"] = "GPBEnumArray";
+}
+
+RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::~RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::FinishInitialization(void) {
+  RepeatedFieldGenerator::FinishInitialization();
+  variables_["array_comment"] =
+      "// |" + variables_["name"] + "| contains |" + variables_["storage_type"] + "|\n";
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a69c9786
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class EnumFieldGenerator : public SingleFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              const Options& options);
+
+  EnumFieldGenerator(const EnumFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  EnumFieldGenerator& operator=(const EnumFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+ public:
+  virtual void GenerateCFunctionDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GenerateCFunctionImplementations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void DetermineForwardDeclarations(std::set<string>* fwd_decls) const;
+
+ protected:
+  EnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options);
+  virtual ~EnumFieldGenerator();
+};
+
+class RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator : public RepeatedFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              const Options& options);
+
+ public:
+  virtual void FinishInitialization();
+
+ protected:
+  RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             const Options& options);
+  virtual ~RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator();
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ENUM_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf65de3be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+ExtensionGenerator::ExtensionGenerator(const string& root_class_name,
+                                       const FieldDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : method_name_(ExtensionMethodName(descriptor)),
+      root_class_and_method_name_(root_class_name + "_" + method_name_),
+      descriptor_(descriptor) {
+  if (descriptor->is_map()) {
+    // NOTE: src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc makes use of cerr for some
+    // error cases, so it seems to be ok to use as a back door for errors.
+    std::cerr << "error: Extension is a map<>!"
+         << " That used to be blocked by the compiler." << std::endl;
+    std::cerr.flush();
+    abort();
+  }
+}
+
+ExtensionGenerator::~ExtensionGenerator() {}
+
+void ExtensionGenerator::GenerateMembersHeader(io::Printer* printer) {
+  std::map<string, string> vars;
+  vars["method_name"] = method_name_;
+  if (IsRetainedName(method_name_)) {
+    vars["storage_attribute"] = " NS_RETURNS_NOT_RETAINED";
+  } else {
+    vars["storage_attribute"] = "";
+  }
+  SourceLocation location;
+  if (descriptor_->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+    vars["comments"] = BuildCommentsString(location, true);
+  } else {
+    vars["comments"] = "";
+  }
+  // Unlike normal message fields, check if the file for the extension was
+  // deprecated.
+  vars["deprecated_attribute"] = GetOptionalDeprecatedAttribute(descriptor_, descriptor_->file());
+  printer->Print(vars,
+                 "$comments$"
+                 "+ (GPBExtensionDescriptor *)$method_name$$storage_attribute$$deprecated_attribute$;\n");
+}
+
+void ExtensionGenerator::GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  std::map<string, string> vars;
+  vars["root_class_and_method_name"] = root_class_and_method_name_;
+  vars["extended_type"] = ClassName(descriptor_->containing_type());
+  vars["number"] = StrCat(descriptor_->number());
+
+  std::vector<string> options;
+  if (descriptor_->is_repeated()) options.push_back("GPBExtensionRepeated");
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) options.push_back("GPBExtensionPacked");
+  if (descriptor_->containing_type()->options().message_set_wire_format())
+    options.push_back("GPBExtensionSetWireFormat");
+
+  vars["options"] = BuildFlagsString(FLAGTYPE_EXTENSION, options);
+
+  ObjectiveCType objc_type = GetObjectiveCType(descriptor_);
+  string singular_type;
+  if (objc_type == OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    vars["type"] = string("GPBStringifySymbol(") +
+                   ClassName(descriptor_->message_type()) + ")";
+  } else {
+    vars["type"] = "NULL";
+  }
+
+  vars["default_name"] = GPBGenericValueFieldName(descriptor_);
+  if (descriptor_->is_repeated()) {
+    vars["default"] = "nil";
+  } else {
+    vars["default"] = DefaultValue(descriptor_);
+  }
+  string type = GetCapitalizedType(descriptor_);
+  vars["extension_type"] = string("GPBDataType") + type;
+
+  if (objc_type == OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM) {
+    vars["enum_desc_func_name"] =
+         EnumName(descriptor_->enum_type()) + "_EnumDescriptor";
+  } else {
+    vars["enum_desc_func_name"] = "NULL";
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(vars,
+                 "{\n"
+                 "  .defaultValue.$default_name$ = $default$,\n"
+                 "  .singletonName = GPBStringifySymbol($root_class_and_method_name$),\n"
+                 "  .extendedClass = GPBStringifySymbol($extended_type$),\n"
+                 "  .messageOrGroupClassName = $type$,\n"
+                 "  .enumDescriptorFunc = $enum_desc_func_name$,\n"
+                 "  .fieldNumber = $number$,\n"
+                 "  .dataType = $extension_type$,\n"
+                 "  .options = $options$,\n"
+                 "},\n");
+}
+
+void ExtensionGenerator::GenerateRegistrationSource(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "[registry addExtension:$root_class_and_method_name$];\n",
+      "root_class_and_method_name", root_class_and_method_name_);
+}
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d49a4f1cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_EXTENSION_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_EXTENSION_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class ExtensionGenerator {
+ public:
+  ExtensionGenerator(const string& root_class_name,
+                     const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  ~ExtensionGenerator();
+
+  ExtensionGenerator(const ExtensionGenerator&) = delete;
+  ExtensionGenerator& operator=(const ExtensionGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  void GenerateMembersHeader(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateRegistrationSource(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  string method_name_;
+  string root_class_and_method_name_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MESSAGE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f585941ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetCommonFieldVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             std::map<string, string>* variables) {
+  string camel_case_name = FieldName(descriptor);
+  string raw_field_name;
+  if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    raw_field_name = descriptor->message_type()->name();
+  } else {
+    raw_field_name = descriptor->name();
+  }
+  // The logic here has to match -[GGPBFieldDescriptor textFormatName].
+  const string un_camel_case_name(
+      UnCamelCaseFieldName(camel_case_name, descriptor));
+  const bool needs_custom_name = (raw_field_name != un_camel_case_name);
+
+  SourceLocation location;
+  if (descriptor->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+    (*variables)["comments"] = BuildCommentsString(location, true);
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["comments"] = "\n";
+  }
+  const string& classname = ClassName(descriptor->containing_type());
+  (*variables)["classname"] = classname;
+  (*variables)["name"] = camel_case_name;
+  const string& capitalized_name = FieldNameCapitalized(descriptor);
+  (*variables)["capitalized_name"] = capitalized_name;
+  (*variables)["raw_field_name"] = raw_field_name;
+  (*variables)["field_number_name"] =
+      classname + "_FieldNumber_" + capitalized_name;
+  (*variables)["field_number"] = StrCat(descriptor->number());
+  (*variables)["field_type"] = GetCapitalizedType(descriptor);
+  (*variables)["deprecated_attribute"] = GetOptionalDeprecatedAttribute(descriptor);
+  std::vector<string> field_flags;
+  if (descriptor->is_repeated()) field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldRepeated");
+  if (descriptor->is_required()) field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldRequired");
+  if (descriptor->is_optional()) field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldOptional");
+  if (descriptor->is_packed()) field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldPacked");
+
+  // ObjC custom flags.
+  if (descriptor->has_default_value())
+    field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldHasDefaultValue");
+  if (needs_custom_name) field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom");
+  if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM) {
+    field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor");
+  }
+
+  (*variables)["fieldflags"] = BuildFlagsString(FLAGTYPE_FIELD, field_flags);
+
+  (*variables)["default"] = DefaultValue(descriptor);
+  (*variables)["default_name"] = GPBGenericValueFieldName(descriptor);
+
+  (*variables)["dataTypeSpecific_name"] = "className";
+  (*variables)["dataTypeSpecific_value"] = "NULL";
+
+  (*variables)["storage_offset_value"] =
+      "(uint32_t)offsetof(" + classname + "__storage_, " + camel_case_name + ")";
+  (*variables)["storage_offset_comment"] = "";
+
+  // Clear some common things so they can be set just when needed.
+  (*variables)["storage_attribute"] = "";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                     const Options& options) {
+  FieldGenerator* result = NULL;
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    switch (GetObjectiveCType(field)) {
+      case OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        if (field->is_map()) {
+          result = new MapFieldGenerator(field, options);
+        } else {
+          result = new RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(field, options);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM:
+        result = new RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(field, options);
+        break;
+      default:
+        result = new RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(field, options);
+        break;
+    }
+  } else {
+    switch (GetObjectiveCType(field)) {
+      case OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        result = new MessageFieldGenerator(field, options);
+        break;
+      }
+      case OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM:
+        result = new EnumFieldGenerator(field, options);
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (IsReferenceType(field)) {
+          result = new PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator(field, options);
+        } else {
+          result = new PrimitiveFieldGenerator(field, options);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  result->FinishInitialization();
+  return result;
+}
+
+FieldGenerator::FieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                               const Options& options)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+}
+
+FieldGenerator::~FieldGenerator() {}
+
+void FieldGenerator::GenerateFieldNumberConstant(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$field_number_name$ = $field_number$,\n");
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::GenerateCFunctionDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Nothing
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::GenerateCFunctionImplementations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Nothing
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::DetermineForwardDeclarations(
+    std::set<string>* fwd_decls) const {
+  // Nothing
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::GenerateFieldDescription(
+    io::Printer* printer, bool include_default) const {
+  // Printed in the same order as the structure decl.
+  if (include_default) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "{\n"
+        "  .defaultValue.$default_name$ = $default$,\n"
+        "  .core.name = \"$name$\",\n"
+        "  .core.dataTypeSpecific.$dataTypeSpecific_name$ = $dataTypeSpecific_value$,\n"
+        "  .core.number = $field_number_name$,\n"
+        "  .core.hasIndex = $has_index$,\n"
+        "  .core.offset = $storage_offset_value$,$storage_offset_comment$\n"
+        "  .core.flags = $fieldflags$,\n"
+        "  .core.dataType = GPBDataType$field_type$,\n"
+        "},\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "{\n"
+        "  .name = \"$name$\",\n"
+        "  .dataTypeSpecific.$dataTypeSpecific_name$ = $dataTypeSpecific_value$,\n"
+        "  .number = $field_number_name$,\n"
+        "  .hasIndex = $has_index$,\n"
+        "  .offset = $storage_offset_value$,$storage_offset_comment$\n"
+        "  .flags = $fieldflags$,\n"
+        "  .dataType = GPBDataType$field_type$,\n"
+        "},\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::SetRuntimeHasBit(int has_index) {
+  variables_["has_index"] = StrCat(has_index);
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::SetNoHasBit(void) {
+  variables_["has_index"] = "GPBNoHasBit";
+}
+
+int FieldGenerator::ExtraRuntimeHasBitsNeeded(void) const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::SetExtraRuntimeHasBitsBase(int index_base) {
+  // NOTE: src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc makes use of cerr for some
+  // error cases, so it seems to be ok to use as a back door for errors.
+  std::cerr << "Error: should have overridden SetExtraRuntimeHasBitsBase()." << std::endl;
+  std::cerr.flush();
+  abort();
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::SetOneofIndexBase(int index_base) {
+  if (descriptor_->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+    int index = descriptor_->containing_oneof()->index() + index_base;
+    // Flip the sign to mark it as a oneof.
+    variables_["has_index"] = StrCat(-index);
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::FinishInitialization(void) {
+  // If "property_type" wasn't set, make it "storage_type".
+  if ((variables_.find("property_type") == variables_.end()) &&
+      (variables_.find("storage_type") != variables_.end())) {
+    variables_["property_type"] = variable("storage_type");
+  }
+}
+
+SingleFieldGenerator::SingleFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                           const Options& options)
+    : FieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  // Nothing
+}
+
+SingleFieldGenerator::~SingleFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void SingleFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$storage_type$ $name$;\n");
+}
+
+void SingleFieldGenerator::GeneratePropertyDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$comments$");
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@property(nonatomic, readwrite) $property_type$ $name$$deprecated_attribute$;\n"
+      "\n");
+  if (WantsHasProperty()) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@property(nonatomic, readwrite) BOOL has$capitalized_name$$deprecated_attribute$;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void SingleFieldGenerator::GeneratePropertyImplementation(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (WantsHasProperty()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "@dynamic has$capitalized_name$, $name$;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "@dynamic $name$;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+bool SingleFieldGenerator::WantsHasProperty(void) const {
+  if (descriptor_->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+    // If in a oneof, it uses the oneofcase instead of a has bit.
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // In proto1/proto2, every field has a has_$name$() method.
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool SingleFieldGenerator::RuntimeUsesHasBit(void) const {
+  if (descriptor_->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+    // The oneof tracks what is set instead.
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+ObjCObjFieldGenerator::ObjCObjFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                             const Options& options)
+    : SingleFieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  variables_["property_storage_attribute"] = "strong";
+  if (IsRetainedName(variables_["name"])) {
+    variables_["storage_attribute"] = " NS_RETURNS_NOT_RETAINED";
+  }
+}
+
+ObjCObjFieldGenerator::~ObjCObjFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void ObjCObjFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$storage_type$ *$name$;\n");
+}
+
+void ObjCObjFieldGenerator::GeneratePropertyDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+
+  // Differs from SingleFieldGenerator::GeneratePropertyDeclaration() in that
+  // it uses pointers and deals with Objective C's rules around storage name
+  // conventions (init*, new*, etc.)
+
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$comments$");
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@property(nonatomic, readwrite, $property_storage_attribute$, null_resettable) $property_type$ *$name$$storage_attribute$$deprecated_attribute$;\n");
+  if (WantsHasProperty()) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "/** Test to see if @c $name$ has been set. */\n"
+        "@property(nonatomic, readwrite) BOOL has$capitalized_name$$deprecated_attribute$;\n");
+  }
+  if (IsInitName(variables_.find("name")->second)) {
+    // If property name starts with init we need to annotate it to get past ARC.
+    // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18723226/how-do-i-annotate-an-objective-c-property-with-an-objc-method-family/18723227#18723227
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "- ($property_type$ *)$name$ GPB_METHOD_FAMILY_NONE$deprecated_attribute$;\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print("\n");
+}
+
+RepeatedFieldGenerator::RepeatedFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options)
+    : ObjCObjFieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  // Default to no comment and let the cases needing it fill it in.
+  variables_["array_comment"] = "";
+}
+
+RepeatedFieldGenerator::~RepeatedFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void RepeatedFieldGenerator::FinishInitialization(void) {
+  FieldGenerator::FinishInitialization();
+  if (variables_.find("array_property_type") == variables_.end()) {
+    variables_["array_property_type"] = variable("array_storage_type");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$array_storage_type$ *$name$;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedFieldGenerator::GeneratePropertyImplementation(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "@dynamic $name$, $name$_Count;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedFieldGenerator::GeneratePropertyDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+
+  // Repeated fields don't need the has* properties, but they do expose a
+  // *Count (to check without autocreation).  So for the field property we need
+  // the same logic as ObjCObjFieldGenerator::GeneratePropertyDeclaration() for
+  // dealing with needing Objective C's rules around storage name conventions
+  // (init*, new*, etc.)
+
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$comments$"
+      "$array_comment$"
+      "@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) $array_property_type$ *$name$$storage_attribute$$deprecated_attribute$;\n"
+      "/** The number of items in @c $name$ without causing the array to be created. */\n"
+      "@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger $name$_Count$deprecated_attribute$;\n");
+  if (IsInitName(variables_.find("name")->second)) {
+    // If property name starts with init we need to annotate it to get past ARC.
+    // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18723226/how-do-i-annotate-an-objective-c-property-with-an-objc-method-family/18723227#18723227
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "- ($array_property_type$ *)$name$ GPB_METHOD_FAMILY_NONE$deprecated_attribute$;\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print("\n");
+}
+
+bool RepeatedFieldGenerator::WantsHasProperty(void) const {
+  // Consumer check the array size/existance rather than a has bit.
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool RepeatedFieldGenerator::RuntimeUsesHasBit(void) const {
+  return false;  // The array having anything is what is used.
+}
+
+FieldGeneratorMap::FieldGeneratorMap(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                     const Options& options)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      field_generators_(descriptor->field_count()),
+      extension_generators_(descriptor->extension_count()) {
+  // Construct all the FieldGenerators.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    field_generators_[i].reset(
+        FieldGenerator::Make(descriptor->field(i), options));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension_generators_[i].reset(
+        FieldGenerator::Make(descriptor->extension(i), options));
+  }
+}
+
+FieldGeneratorMap::~FieldGeneratorMap() {}
+
+const FieldGenerator& FieldGeneratorMap::get(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(field->containing_type(), descriptor_);
+  return *field_generators_[field->index()];
+}
+
+const FieldGenerator& FieldGeneratorMap::get_extension(int index) const {
+  return *extension_generators_[index];
+}
+
+int FieldGeneratorMap::CalculateHasBits(void) {
+  int total_bits = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (field_generators_[i]->RuntimeUsesHasBit()) {
+      field_generators_[i]->SetRuntimeHasBit(total_bits);
+      ++total_bits;
+    } else {
+      field_generators_[i]->SetNoHasBit();
+    }
+    int extra_bits = field_generators_[i]->ExtraRuntimeHasBitsNeeded();
+    if (extra_bits) {
+      field_generators_[i]->SetExtraRuntimeHasBitsBase(total_bits);
+      total_bits += extra_bits;
+    }
+  }
+  return total_bits;
+}
+
+void FieldGeneratorMap::SetOneofIndexBase(int index_base) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    field_generators_[i]->SetOneofIndexBase(index_base);
+  }
+}
+
+bool FieldGeneratorMap::DoesAnyFieldHaveNonZeroDefault(void) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (HasNonZeroDefaultValue(descriptor_->field(i))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24465d0a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  static FieldGenerator* Make(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                              const Options& options);
+
+  virtual ~FieldGenerator();
+
+  FieldGenerator(const FieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  FieldGenerator& operator=(const FieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  // Exposed for subclasses to fill in.
+  virtual void GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GeneratePropertyDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GeneratePropertyImplementation(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  // Called by GenerateFieldDescription, exposed for classes that need custom
+  // generation.
+
+  // Exposed for subclasses to extend, base does nothing.
+  virtual void GenerateCFunctionDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GenerateCFunctionImplementations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  // Exposed for subclasses, should always call it on the parent class also.
+  virtual void DetermineForwardDeclarations(std::set<string>* fwd_decls) const;
+
+  // Used during generation, not intended to be extended by subclasses.
+  void GenerateFieldDescription(
+      io::Printer* printer, bool include_default) const;
+  void GenerateFieldNumberConstant(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  // Exposed to get and set the has bits information.
+  virtual bool RuntimeUsesHasBit(void) const = 0;
+  void SetRuntimeHasBit(int has_index);
+  void SetNoHasBit(void);
+  virtual int ExtraRuntimeHasBitsNeeded(void) const;
+  virtual void SetExtraRuntimeHasBitsBase(int index_base);
+  void SetOneofIndexBase(int index_base);
+
+  string variable(const char* key) const {
+    return variables_.find(key)->second;
+  }
+
+  bool needs_textformat_name_support() const {
+    const string& field_flags = variable("fieldflags");
+    return field_flags.find("GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom") != string::npos;
+  }
+  string generated_objc_name() const { return variable("name"); }
+  string raw_field_name() const { return variable("raw_field_name"); }
+
+ protected:
+  FieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options);
+
+  virtual void FinishInitialization(void);
+  virtual bool WantsHasProperty(void) const = 0;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<string, string> variables_;
+};
+
+class SingleFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  virtual ~SingleFieldGenerator();
+
+  SingleFieldGenerator(const SingleFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  SingleFieldGenerator& operator=(const SingleFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GeneratePropertyDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  virtual void GeneratePropertyImplementation(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  virtual bool RuntimeUsesHasBit(void) const;
+
+ protected:
+  SingleFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                       const Options& options);
+  virtual bool WantsHasProperty(void) const;
+};
+
+// Subclass with common support for when the field ends up as an ObjC Object.
+class ObjCObjFieldGenerator : public SingleFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ObjCObjFieldGenerator();
+
+  ObjCObjFieldGenerator(const ObjCObjFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  ObjCObjFieldGenerator& operator=(const ObjCObjFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GeneratePropertyDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ protected:
+  ObjCObjFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                        const Options& options);
+};
+
+class RepeatedFieldGenerator : public ObjCObjFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  virtual ~RepeatedFieldGenerator();
+
+  RepeatedFieldGenerator(const RepeatedFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  RepeatedFieldGenerator& operator=(const RepeatedFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GeneratePropertyDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  virtual void GeneratePropertyImplementation(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  virtual bool RuntimeUsesHasBit(void) const;
+
+ protected:
+  RepeatedFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                         const Options& options);
+  virtual void FinishInitialization(void);
+  virtual bool WantsHasProperty(void) const;
+};
+
+// Convenience class which constructs FieldGenerators for a Descriptor.
+class FieldGeneratorMap {
+ public:
+  FieldGeneratorMap(const Descriptor* descriptor, const Options& options);
+  ~FieldGeneratorMap();
+
+  FieldGeneratorMap(const FieldGeneratorMap&) = delete;
+  FieldGeneratorMap& operator=(const FieldGeneratorMap&) = delete;
+
+  const FieldGenerator& get(const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  const FieldGenerator& get_extension(int index) const;
+
+  // Assigns the has bits and returns the number of bits needed.
+  int CalculateHasBits(void);
+
+  void SetOneofIndexBase(int index_base);
+
+  // Check if any field of this message has a non zero default.
+  bool DoesAnyFieldHaveNonZeroDefault(void) const;
+
+ private:
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FieldGenerator>> field_generators_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FieldGenerator>> extension_generators_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7bc585e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,612 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <algorithm> // std::find()
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+// NOTE: src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc makes use of cerr for some
+// error cases, so it seems to be ok to use as a back door for errors.
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+namespace {
+
+// This is also found in GPBBootstrap.h, and needs to be kept in sync.
+const int32 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION = 30002;
+
+const char* kHeaderExtension = ".pbobjc.h";
+
+// Checks if a message contains any enums definitions (on the message or
+// a nested message under it).
+bool MessageContainsEnums(const Descriptor* message) {
+  if (message->enum_type_count() > 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (MessageContainsEnums(message->nested_type(i))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Checks if a message contains any extension definitions (on the message or
+// a nested message under it).
+bool MessageContainsExtensions(const Descriptor* message) {
+  if (message->extension_count() > 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (MessageContainsExtensions(message->nested_type(i))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Checks if the file contains any enum definitions (at the root or
+// nested under a message).
+bool FileContainsEnums(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  if (file->enum_type_count() > 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (MessageContainsEnums(file->message_type(i))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Checks if the file contains any extensions definitions (at the root or
+// nested under a message).
+bool FileContainsExtensions(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  if (file->extension_count() > 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (MessageContainsExtensions(file->message_type(i))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Helper for CollectMinimalFileDepsContainingExtensionsWorker that marks all
+// deps as visited and prunes them from the needed files list.
+void PruneFileAndDepsMarkingAsVisited(
+    const FileDescriptor* file,
+    std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>* files,
+    std::set<const FileDescriptor*>* files_visited) {
+  std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>::iterator iter =
+      std::find(files->begin(), files->end(), file);
+  if (iter != files->end()) {
+    files->erase(iter);
+  }
+  files_visited->insert(file);
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    PruneFileAndDepsMarkingAsVisited(file->dependency(i), files, files_visited);
+  }
+}
+
+// Helper for CollectMinimalFileDepsContainingExtensions.
+void CollectMinimalFileDepsContainingExtensionsWorker(
+    const FileDescriptor* file,
+    std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>* files,
+    std::set<const FileDescriptor*>* files_visited) {
+  if (files_visited->find(file) != files_visited->end()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  files_visited->insert(file);
+
+  if (FileContainsExtensions(file)) {
+    files->push_back(file);
+    for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+      const FileDescriptor* dep = file->dependency(i);
+      PruneFileAndDepsMarkingAsVisited(dep, files, files_visited);
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+      const FileDescriptor* dep = file->dependency(i);
+      CollectMinimalFileDepsContainingExtensionsWorker(dep, files,
+                                                       files_visited);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Collect the deps of the given file that contain extensions. This can be used to
+// create the chain of roots that need to be wired together.
+//
+// NOTE: If any changes are made to this and the supporting functions, you will
+// need to manually validate what the generated code is for the test files:
+//   objectivec/Tests/unittest_extension_chain_*.proto
+// There are comments about what the expected code should be line and limited
+// testing objectivec/Tests/GPBUnittestProtos2.m around compilation (#imports
+// specifically).
+void CollectMinimalFileDepsContainingExtensions(
+    const FileDescriptor* file,
+    std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>* files) {
+  std::set<const FileDescriptor*> files_visited;
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    const FileDescriptor* dep = file->dependency(i);
+    CollectMinimalFileDepsContainingExtensionsWorker(dep, files,
+                                                     &files_visited);
+  }
+}
+
+bool IsDirectDependency(const FileDescriptor* dep, const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    if (dep == file->dependency(i)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+FileGenerator::FileGenerator(const FileDescriptor *file, const Options& options)
+    : file_(file),
+      root_class_name_(FileClassName(file)),
+      is_bundled_proto_(IsProtobufLibraryBundledProtoFile(file)),
+      options_(options) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    EnumGenerator *generator = new EnumGenerator(file_->enum_type(i));
+    enum_generators_.emplace_back(generator);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    MessageGenerator *generator =
+        new MessageGenerator(root_class_name_, file_->message_type(i), options_);
+    message_generators_.emplace_back(generator);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    ExtensionGenerator *generator =
+        new ExtensionGenerator(root_class_name_, file_->extension(i));
+    extension_generators_.emplace_back(generator);
+  }
+}
+
+FileGenerator::~FileGenerator() {}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateHeader(io::Printer *printer) {
+  std::set<string> headers;
+  // Generated files bundled with the library get minimal imports, everything
+  // else gets the wrapper so everything is usable.
+  if (is_bundled_proto_) {
+    headers.insert("GPBRootObject.h");
+    headers.insert("GPBMessage.h");
+    headers.insert("GPBDescriptor.h");
+  } else {
+    headers.insert("GPBProtocolBuffers.h");
+  }
+  PrintFileRuntimePreamble(printer, headers);
+
+  // Add some verification that the generated code matches the source the
+  // code is being compiled with.
+  // NOTE: This captures the raw numeric values at the time the generator was
+  // compiled, since that will be the versions for the ObjC runtime at that
+  // time.  The constants in the generated code will then get their values at
+  // at compile time (so checking against the headers being used to compile).
+  printer->Print(
+      "#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION < $google_protobuf_objc_version$\n"
+      "#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.\n"
+      "#endif\n"
+      "#if $google_protobuf_objc_version$ < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_MIN_SUPPORTED_VERSION\n"
+      "#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer library sources.\n"
+      "#endif\n"
+      "\n",
+      "google_protobuf_objc_version", StrCat(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_VERSION));
+
+  // #import any headers for "public imports" in the proto file.
+  {
+    ImportWriter import_writer(
+        options_.generate_for_named_framework,
+        options_.named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path,
+        is_bundled_proto_);
+    const string header_extension(kHeaderExtension);
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->public_dependency_count(); i++) {
+      import_writer.AddFile(file_->public_dependency(i), header_extension);
+    }
+    import_writer.Print(printer);
+  }
+
+  // Note:
+  //  deprecated-declarations suppression is only needed if some place in this
+  //    proto file is something deprecated or if it references something from
+  //    another file that is deprecated.
+  printer->Print(
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)\n"
+      "\n"
+      "#pragma clang diagnostic push\n"
+      "#pragma clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"\n"
+      "\n"
+      "CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  std::set<string> fwd_decls;
+  for (const auto& generator : message_generators_) {
+    generator->DetermineForwardDeclarations(&fwd_decls);
+  }
+  for (std::set<string>::const_iterator i(fwd_decls.begin());
+       i != fwd_decls.end(); ++i) {
+    printer->Print("$value$;\n", "value", *i);
+  }
+  if (fwd_decls.begin() != fwd_decls.end()) {
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  // need to write out all enums first
+  for (const auto& generator : enum_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateHeader(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& generator : message_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateEnumHeader(printer);
+  }
+
+  // For extensions to chain together, the Root gets created even if there
+  // are no extensions.
+  printer->Print(
+      "#pragma mark - $root_class_name$\n"
+      "\n"
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Exposes the extension registry for this file.\n"
+      " *\n"
+      " * The base class provides:\n"
+      " * @code\n"
+      " *   + (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;\n"
+      " * @endcode\n"
+      " * which is a @c GPBExtensionRegistry that includes all the extensions defined by\n"
+      " * this file and all files that it depends on.\n"
+      " **/\n"
+      "@interface $root_class_name$ : GPBRootObject\n"
+      "@end\n"
+      "\n",
+      "root_class_name", root_class_name_);
+
+  if (extension_generators_.size() > 0) {
+    // The dynamic methods block is only needed if there are extensions.
+    printer->Print(
+        "@interface $root_class_name$ (DynamicMethods)\n",
+        "root_class_name", root_class_name_);
+
+    for (const auto& generator : extension_generators_) {
+      generator->GenerateMembersHeader(printer);
+    }
+
+    printer->Print("@end\n\n");
+  }  // extension_generators_.size() > 0
+
+  for (const auto& generator : message_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateMessageHeader(printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END\n"
+      "\n"
+      "CF_EXTERN_C_END\n"
+      "\n"
+      "#pragma clang diagnostic pop\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)\n");
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateSource(io::Printer *printer) {
+  // #import the runtime support.
+  std::set<string> headers;
+  headers.insert("GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h");
+  PrintFileRuntimePreamble(printer, headers);
+
+  // Enums use atomic in the generated code, so add the system import as needed.
+  if (FileContainsEnums(file_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "#import <stdatomic.h>\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  std::vector<const FileDescriptor*> deps_with_extensions;
+  CollectMinimalFileDepsContainingExtensions(file_, &deps_with_extensions);
+
+  {
+    ImportWriter import_writer(
+        options_.generate_for_named_framework,
+        options_.named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path,
+        is_bundled_proto_);
+    const string header_extension(kHeaderExtension);
+
+    // #import the header for this proto file.
+    import_writer.AddFile(file_, header_extension);
+
+    // #import the headers for anything that a plain dependency of this proto
+    // file (that means they were just an include, not a "public" include).
+    std::set<string> public_import_names;
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->public_dependency_count(); i++) {
+      public_import_names.insert(file_->public_dependency(i)->name());
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); i++) {
+      const FileDescriptor *dep = file_->dependency(i);
+      bool public_import = (public_import_names.count(dep->name()) != 0);
+      if (!public_import) {
+        import_writer.AddFile(dep, header_extension);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // If any indirect dependency provided extensions, it needs to be directly
+    // imported so it can get merged into the root's extensions registry.
+    // See the Note by CollectMinimalFileDepsContainingExtensions before
+    // changing this.
+    for (std::vector<const FileDescriptor *>::iterator iter =
+             deps_with_extensions.begin();
+         iter != deps_with_extensions.end(); ++iter) {
+      if (!IsDirectDependency(*iter, file_)) {
+        import_writer.AddFile(*iter, header_extension);
+      }
+    }
+
+    import_writer.Print(printer);
+  }
+
+  bool includes_oneof = false;
+  for (const auto& generator : message_generators_) {
+    if (generator->IncludesOneOfDefinition()) {
+      includes_oneof = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Note:
+  //  deprecated-declarations suppression is only needed if some place in this
+  //    proto file is something deprecated or if it references something from
+  //    another file that is deprecated.
+  printer->Print(
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)\n"
+      "\n"
+      "#pragma clang diagnostic push\n"
+      "#pragma clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"\n");
+  if (includes_oneof) {
+    // The generated code for oneof's uses direct ivar access, suppress the
+    // warning incase developer turn that on in the context they compile the
+    // generated code.
+    printer->Print(
+        "#pragma clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wdirect-ivar-access\"\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "#pragma mark - $root_class_name$\n"
+      "\n"
+      "@implementation $root_class_name$\n\n",
+      "root_class_name", root_class_name_);
+
+  const bool file_contains_extensions = FileContainsExtensions(file_);
+
+  // If there were any extensions or this file has any dependencies, output
+  // a registry to override to create the file specific registry.
+  if (file_contains_extensions || !deps_with_extensions.empty()) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "+ (GPBExtensionRegistry*)extensionRegistry {\n"
+        "  // This is called by +initialize so there is no need to worry\n"
+        "  // about thread safety and initialization of registry.\n"
+        "  static GPBExtensionRegistry* registry = nil;\n"
+        "  if (!registry) {\n"
+        "    GPB_DEBUG_CHECK_RUNTIME_VERSIONS();\n"
+        "    registry = [[GPBExtensionRegistry alloc] init];\n");
+
+    printer->Indent();
+    printer->Indent();
+
+    if (file_contains_extensions) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "static GPBExtensionDescription descriptions[] = {\n");
+      printer->Indent();
+      for (const auto& generator : extension_generators_) {
+        generator->GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(printer);
+      }
+      for (const auto& generator : message_generators_) {
+        generator->GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(printer);
+      }
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print(
+          "};\n"
+          "for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(descriptions) / sizeof(descriptions[0]); ++i) {\n"
+          "  GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension =\n"
+          "      [[GPBExtensionDescriptor alloc] initWithExtensionDescription:&descriptions[i]];\n"
+          "  [registry addExtension:extension];\n"
+          "  [self globallyRegisterExtension:extension];\n"
+          "  [extension release];\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+
+    if (deps_with_extensions.empty()) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "// None of the imports (direct or indirect) defined extensions, so no need to add\n"
+          "// them to this registry.\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          "// Merge in the imports (direct or indirect) that defined extensions.\n");
+      for (std::vector<const FileDescriptor *>::iterator iter =
+               deps_with_extensions.begin();
+           iter != deps_with_extensions.end(); ++iter) {
+        const string root_class_name(FileClassName((*iter)));
+        printer->Print(
+            "[registry addExtensions:[$dependency$ extensionRegistry]];\n",
+            "dependency", root_class_name);
+      }
+    }
+
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Outdent();
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return registry;\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    if (file_->dependency_count() > 0) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "// No extensions in the file and none of the imports (direct or indirect)\n"
+          "// defined extensions, so no need to generate +extensionRegistry.\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          "// No extensions in the file and no imports, so no need to generate\n"
+          "// +extensionRegistry.\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("\n@end\n\n");
+
+  // File descriptor only needed if there are messages to use it.
+  if (message_generators_.size() > 0) {
+    std::map<string, string> vars;
+    vars["root_class_name"] = root_class_name_;
+    vars["package"] = file_->package();
+    vars["objc_prefix"] = FileClassPrefix(file_);
+    switch (file_->syntax()) {
+      case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_UNKNOWN:
+        vars["syntax"] = "GPBFileSyntaxUnknown";
+        break;
+      case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2:
+        vars["syntax"] = "GPBFileSyntaxProto2";
+        break;
+      case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3:
+        vars["syntax"] = "GPBFileSyntaxProto3";
+        break;
+    }
+    printer->Print(vars,
+        "#pragma mark - $root_class_name$_FileDescriptor\n"
+        "\n"
+        "static GPBFileDescriptor *$root_class_name$_FileDescriptor(void) {\n"
+        "  // This is called by +initialize so there is no need to worry\n"
+        "  // about thread safety of the singleton.\n"
+        "  static GPBFileDescriptor *descriptor = NULL;\n"
+        "  if (!descriptor) {\n"
+        "    GPB_DEBUG_CHECK_RUNTIME_VERSIONS();\n");
+    if (vars["objc_prefix"].size() > 0) {
+      printer->Print(
+          vars,
+          "    descriptor = [[GPBFileDescriptor alloc] initWithPackage:@\"$package$\"\n"
+          "                                                 objcPrefix:@\"$objc_prefix$\"\n"
+          "                                                     syntax:$syntax$];\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          vars,
+          "    descriptor = [[GPBFileDescriptor alloc] initWithPackage:@\"$package$\"\n"
+          "                                                     syntax:$syntax$];\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return descriptor;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& generator : enum_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateSource(printer);
+  }
+  for (const auto& generator : message_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateSource(printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "\n"
+    "#pragma clang diagnostic pop\n"
+    "\n"
+    "// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)\n");
+}
+
+// Helper to print the import of the runtime support at the top of generated
+// files. This currently only supports the runtime coming from a framework
+// as defined by the official CocoaPod.
+void FileGenerator::PrintFileRuntimePreamble(
+    io::Printer* printer, const std::set<string>& headers_to_import) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      "// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+      "// source: $filename$\n"
+      "\n",
+      "filename", file_->name());
+
+  const string framework_name(ProtobufLibraryFrameworkName);
+  const string cpp_symbol(ProtobufFrameworkImportSymbol(framework_name));
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "// This CPP symbol can be defined to use imports that match up to the framework\n"
+      "// imports needed when using CocoaPods.\n"
+      "#if !defined($cpp_symbol$)\n"
+      " #define $cpp_symbol$ 0\n"
+      "#endif\n"
+      "\n"
+      "#if $cpp_symbol$\n",
+      "cpp_symbol", cpp_symbol);
+
+
+  for (std::set<string>::const_iterator iter = headers_to_import.begin();
+       iter != headers_to_import.end(); ++iter) {
+    printer->Print(
+        " #import <$framework_name$/$header$>\n",
+        "header", *iter,
+        "framework_name", framework_name);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "#else\n");
+
+  for (std::set<string>::const_iterator iter = headers_to_import.begin();
+       iter != headers_to_import.end(); ++iter) {
+    printer->Print(
+        " #import \"$header$\"\n",
+        "header", *iter);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "#endif\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd5726348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_FILE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_FILE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class EnumGenerator;
+class ExtensionGenerator;
+class MessageGenerator;
+
+class FileGenerator {
+ public:
+  FileGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options);
+  ~FileGenerator();
+
+  FileGenerator(const FileGenerator&) = delete;
+  FileGenerator& operator=(const FileGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  void GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateHeader(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  const string& RootClassName() const { return root_class_name_; }
+
+ private:
+  const FileDescriptor* file_;
+  string root_class_name_;
+  bool is_bundled_proto_;
+
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<EnumGenerator>> enum_generators_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MessageGenerator>> message_generators_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExtensionGenerator>> extension_generators_;
+
+  const Options options_;
+
+  void PrintFileRuntimePreamble(
+      io::Printer* printer, const std::set<string>& headers_to_import) const;
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_FILE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25338ad93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+ObjectiveCGenerator::ObjectiveCGenerator() {}
+
+ObjectiveCGenerator::~ObjectiveCGenerator() {}
+
+bool ObjectiveCGenerator::HasGenerateAll() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ObjectiveCGenerator::Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                   const string& parameter,
+                                   GeneratorContext* context,
+                                   string* error) const {
+  *error = "Unimplemented Generate() method. Call GenerateAll() instead.";
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool ObjectiveCGenerator::GenerateAll(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                                      const string& parameter,
+                                      GeneratorContext* context,
+                                      string* error) const {
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Parse generator options. These options are passed to the compiler using the
+  // --objc_opt flag. The options are passed as a comma separated list of
+  // options along with their values. If the option appears multiple times, only
+  // the last value will be considered.
+  //
+  // e.g. protoc ... --objc_opt=expected_prefixes=file.txt,generate_for_named_framework=MyFramework
+
+  Options generation_options;
+
+  std::vector<std::pair<string, string> > options;
+  ParseGeneratorParameter(parameter, &options);
+  for (int i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) {
+    if (options[i].first == "expected_prefixes_path") {
+      // Path to find a file containing the expected prefixes
+      // (objc_class_prefix "PREFIX") for proto packages (package NAME). The
+      // generator will then issue warnings/errors if in the proto files being
+      // generated the option is not listed/wrong/etc in the file.
+      //
+      // The format of the file is:
+      //   - An entry is a line of "package=prefix".
+      //   - Comments start with "#".
+      //   - A comment can go on a line after a expected package/prefix pair.
+      //     (i.e. - "package=prefix # comment")
+      //
+      // There is no validation that the prefixes are good prefixes, it is
+      // assumed that they are when you create the file.
+      generation_options.expected_prefixes_path = options[i].second;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "expected_prefixes_suppressions") {
+      // A semicolon delimited string that lists the paths of .proto files to
+      // exclude from the package prefix validations (expected_prefixes_path).
+      // This is provided as an "out", to skip some files being checked.
+      SplitStringUsing(options[i].second, ";",
+                       &generation_options.expected_prefixes_suppressions);
+    } else if (options[i].first == "generate_for_named_framework") {
+      // The name of the framework that protos are being generated for. This
+      // will cause the #import statements to be framework based using this
+      // name (i.e. - "#import <NAME/proto.pbobjc.h>).
+      //
+      // NOTE: If this option is used with
+      // named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path, then this is effectively
+      // the "default" framework name used for everything that wasn't mapped by
+      // the mapping file.
+      generation_options.generate_for_named_framework = options[i].second;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path") {
+      // Path to find a file containing the list of framework names and proto
+      // files. The generator uses this to decide if a proto file
+      // referenced should use a framework style import vs. a user level import
+      // (#import <FRAMEWORK/file.pbobjc.h> vs #import "dir/file.pbobjc.h").
+      //
+      // The format of the file is:
+      //   - An entry is a line of "frameworkName: file.proto, dir/file2.proto".
+      //   - Comments start with "#".
+      //   - A comment can go on a line after a expected package/prefix pair.
+      //     (i.e. - "frameworkName: file.proto # comment")
+      //
+      // Any number of files can be listed for a framework, just separate them
+      // with commas.
+      //
+      // There can be multiple lines listing the same frameworkName incase it
+      // has a lot of proto files included in it; having multiple lines makes
+      // things easier to read. If a proto file is not configured in the
+      // mappings file, it will use the default framework name if one was passed
+      // with generate_for_named_framework, or the relative path to it's include
+      // path otherwise.
+      generation_options.named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path = options[i].second;
+    } else {
+      *error = "error: Unknown generator option: " + options[i].first;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Validate the objc prefix/package pairings.
+  if (!ValidateObjCClassPrefixes(files, generation_options, error)) {
+    // *error will have been filled in.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
+    const FileDescriptor* file = files[i];
+    FileGenerator file_generator(file, generation_options);
+    string filepath = FilePath(file);
+
+    // Generate header.
+    {
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+          context->Open(filepath + ".pbobjc.h"));
+      io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+      file_generator.GenerateHeader(&printer);
+    }
+
+    // Generate m file.
+    {
+      std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+          context->Open(filepath + ".pbobjc.m"));
+      io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+      file_generator.GenerateSource(&printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d10efc20e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Generates ObjectiveC code for a given .proto file.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_GENERATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_GENERATOR_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+// CodeGenerator implementation which generates a ObjectiveC source file and
+// header.  If you create your own protocol compiler binary and you want it to
+// support ObjectiveC output, you can do so by registering an instance of this
+// CodeGenerator with the CommandLineInterface in your main() function.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT ObjectiveCGenerator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  ObjectiveCGenerator();
+  ~ObjectiveCGenerator();
+
+  ObjectiveCGenerator(const ObjectiveCGenerator&) = delete;
+  ObjectiveCGenerator& operator=(const ObjectiveCGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  // implements CodeGenerator ----------------------------------------
+  bool HasGenerateAll() const;
+  bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                const string& parameter,
+                GeneratorContext* context,
+                string* error) const;
+  bool GenerateAll(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                   const string& parameter,
+                   GeneratorContext* context,
+                   string* error) const;
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_GENERATOR_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09a808bf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1743 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <climits>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_nsobject_methods.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+// NOTE: src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc makes use of cerr for some
+// error cases, so it seems to be ok to use as a back door for errors.
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+// <io.h> is transitively included in this file. Import the functions explicitly
+// in this port namespace to avoid ambiguous definition.
+namespace posix {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+using ::google::protobuf::io::win32::open;
+#else
+using ::open;
+#endif
+}  // namespace port
+
+Options::Options() {
+  // Default is the value of the env for the package prefixes.
+  const char* file_path = getenv("GPB_OBJC_EXPECTED_PACKAGE_PREFIXES");
+  if (file_path) {
+    expected_prefixes_path = file_path;
+  }
+  const char* suppressions = getenv("GPB_OBJC_EXPECTED_PACKAGE_PREFIXES_SUPPRESSIONS");
+  if (suppressions) {
+    SplitStringUsing(suppressions, ";", &expected_prefixes_suppressions);
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+std::unordered_set<string> MakeWordsMap(const char* const words[], size_t num_words) {
+  std::unordered_set<string> result;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_words; i++) {
+    result.insert(words[i]);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+const char* const kUpperSegmentsList[] = {"url", "http", "https"};
+
+std::unordered_set<string> kUpperSegments =
+    MakeWordsMap(kUpperSegmentsList, GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(kUpperSegmentsList));
+
+bool ascii_isnewline(char c) {
+  return c == '\n' || c == '\r';
+}
+
+// Internal helper for name handing.
+// Do not expose this outside of helpers, stick to having functions for specific
+// cases (ClassName(), FieldName()), so there is always consistent suffix rules.
+string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const string& input, bool first_capitalized) {
+  std::vector<string> values;
+  string current;
+
+  bool last_char_was_number = false;
+  bool last_char_was_lower = false;
+  bool last_char_was_upper = false;
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    char c = input[i];
+    if (ascii_isdigit(c)) {
+      if (!last_char_was_number) {
+        values.push_back(current);
+        current = "";
+      }
+      current += c;
+      last_char_was_number = last_char_was_lower = last_char_was_upper = false;
+      last_char_was_number = true;
+    } else if (ascii_islower(c)) {
+      // lowercase letter can follow a lowercase or uppercase letter
+      if (!last_char_was_lower && !last_char_was_upper) {
+        values.push_back(current);
+        current = "";
+      }
+      current += c;  // already lower
+      last_char_was_number = last_char_was_lower = last_char_was_upper = false;
+      last_char_was_lower = true;
+    } else if (ascii_isupper(c)) {
+      if (!last_char_was_upper) {
+        values.push_back(current);
+        current = "";
+      }
+      current += ascii_tolower(c);
+      last_char_was_number = last_char_was_lower = last_char_was_upper = false;
+      last_char_was_upper = true;
+    } else {
+      last_char_was_number = last_char_was_lower = last_char_was_upper = false;
+    }
+  }
+  values.push_back(current);
+
+  string result;
+  bool first_segment_forces_upper = false;
+  for (std::vector<string>::iterator i = values.begin(); i != values.end(); ++i) {
+    string value = *i;
+    bool all_upper = (kUpperSegments.count(value) > 0);
+    if (all_upper && (result.length() == 0)) {
+      first_segment_forces_upper = true;
+    }
+    for (int j = 0; j < value.length(); j++) {
+      if (j == 0 || all_upper) {
+        value[j] = ascii_toupper(value[j]);
+      } else {
+        // Nothing, already in lower.
+      }
+    }
+    result += value;
+  }
+  if ((result.length() != 0) &&
+      !first_capitalized &&
+      !first_segment_forces_upper) {
+    result[0] = ascii_tolower(result[0]);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+const char* const kReservedWordList[] = {
+  // Note NSObject Methods:
+  // These are brought in from objectivec_nsobject_methods.h that is generated
+  // using method_dump.sh. See kNSObjectMethods below.
+
+  // Objective C "keywords" that aren't in C
+  // From
+  // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1873630/reserved-keywords-in-objective-c
+  // with some others added on.
+  "id", "_cmd", "super", "in", "out", "inout", "bycopy", "byref", "oneway",
+  "self", "instancetype", "nullable", "nonnull", "nil", "Nil",
+  "YES", "NO", "weak",
+
+  // C/C++ keywords (Incl C++ 0x11)
+  // From http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keywords
+  "and", "and_eq", "alignas", "alignof", "asm", "auto", "bitand", "bitor",
+  "bool", "break", "case", "catch", "char", "char16_t", "char32_t", "class",
+  "compl", "const", "constexpr", "const_cast", "continue", "decltype",
+  "default", "delete", "double", "dynamic_cast", "else", "enum", "explicit",
+  "export", "extern ", "false", "float", "for", "friend", "goto", "if",
+  "inline", "int", "long", "mutable", "namespace", "new", "noexcept", "not",
+  "not_eq", "nullptr", "operator", "or", "or_eq", "private", "protected",
+  "public", "register", "reinterpret_cast", "return", "short", "signed",
+  "sizeof", "static", "static_assert", "static_cast", "struct", "switch",
+  "template", "this", "thread_local", "throw", "true", "try", "typedef",
+  "typeid", "typename", "union", "unsigned", "using", "virtual", "void",
+  "volatile", "wchar_t", "while", "xor", "xor_eq",
+
+  // C99 keywords
+  // From
+  // http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/lnxpcomp/v8v101/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.xlcpp8l.doc%2Flanguage%2Fref%2Fkeyw.htm
+  "restrict",
+
+  // GCC/Clang extension
+  "typeof",
+
+  // Not a keyword, but will break you
+  "NULL",
+
+  // Objective-C Runtime typedefs
+  // From <obc/runtime.h>
+  "Category", "Ivar", "Method", "Protocol",
+
+  // GPBMessage Methods
+  // Only need to add instance methods that may conflict with
+  // method declared in protos. The main cases are methods
+  // that take no arguments, or setFoo:/hasFoo: type methods.
+  "clear", "data", "delimitedData", "descriptor", "extensionRegistry",
+  "extensionsCurrentlySet", "initialized", "isInitialized", "serializedSize",
+  "sortedExtensionsInUse", "unknownFields",
+
+  // MacTypes.h names
+  "Fixed", "Fract", "Size", "LogicalAddress", "PhysicalAddress", "ByteCount",
+  "ByteOffset", "Duration", "AbsoluteTime", "OptionBits", "ItemCount",
+  "PBVersion", "ScriptCode", "LangCode", "RegionCode", "OSType",
+  "ProcessSerialNumber", "Point", "Rect", "FixedPoint", "FixedRect", "Style",
+  "StyleParameter", "StyleField", "TimeScale", "TimeBase", "TimeRecord",
+};
+
+// returns true is input starts with __ or _[A-Z] which are reserved identifiers
+// in C/ C++. All calls should go through UnderscoresToCamelCase before getting here
+// but this verifies and allows for future expansion if we decide to redefine what a
+// reserved C identifier is (for example the GNU list
+// https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Reserved-Names.html )
+bool IsReservedCIdentifier(const string& input) {
+  if (input.length() > 2) {
+    if (input.at(0) == '_') {
+      if (isupper(input.at(1)) || input.at(1) == '_') {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+string SanitizeNameForObjC(const string& prefix,
+                           const string& input,
+                           const string& extension,
+                           string* out_suffix_added) {
+  static const std::unordered_set<string> kReservedWords =
+      MakeWordsMap(kReservedWordList, GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(kReservedWordList));
+  static const std::unordered_set<string> kNSObjectMethods =
+      MakeWordsMap(kNSObjectMethodsList, GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(kNSObjectMethodsList));
+  string sanitized;
+  // We add the prefix in the cases where the string is missing a prefix.
+  // We define "missing a prefix" as where 'input':
+  // a) Doesn't start with the prefix or
+  // b) Isn't equivalent to the prefix or
+  // c) Has the prefix, but the letter after the prefix is lowercase
+  if (HasPrefixString(input, prefix)) {
+    if (input.length() == prefix.length() || !ascii_isupper(input[prefix.length()])) {
+      sanitized = prefix + input;
+    } else {
+      sanitized = input;
+    }
+  } else {
+    sanitized = prefix + input;
+  }
+  if (IsReservedCIdentifier(sanitized) ||
+      (kReservedWords.count(sanitized) > 0) ||
+      (kNSObjectMethods.count(sanitized) > 0)) {
+    if (out_suffix_added) *out_suffix_added = extension;
+    return sanitized + extension;
+  }
+  if (out_suffix_added) out_suffix_added->clear();
+  return sanitized;
+}
+
+string NameFromFieldDescriptor(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    return field->message_type()->name();
+  } else {
+    return field->name();
+  }
+}
+
+void PathSplit(const string& path, string* directory, string* basename) {
+  string::size_type last_slash = path.rfind('/');
+  if (last_slash == string::npos) {
+    if (directory) {
+      *directory = "";
+    }
+    if (basename) {
+      *basename = path;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (directory) {
+      *directory = path.substr(0, last_slash);
+    }
+    if (basename) {
+      *basename = path.substr(last_slash + 1);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool IsSpecialName(const string& name, const string* special_names,
+                   size_t count) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    size_t length = special_names[i].length();
+    if (name.compare(0, length, special_names[i]) == 0) {
+      if (name.length() > length) {
+        // If name is longer than the retained_name[i] that it matches
+        // the next character must be not lower case (newton vs newTon vs
+        // new_ton).
+        return !ascii_islower(name[length]);
+      } else {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+string GetZeroEnumNameForFlagType(const FlagType flag_type) {
+  switch(flag_type) {
+    case FLAGTYPE_DESCRIPTOR_INITIALIZATION:
+      return "GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_None";
+    case FLAGTYPE_EXTENSION:
+      return "GPBExtensionNone";
+    case FLAGTYPE_FIELD:
+      return "GPBFieldNone";
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+      return "0";
+  }
+}
+
+string GetEnumNameForFlagType(const FlagType flag_type) {
+  switch(flag_type) {
+    case FLAGTYPE_DESCRIPTOR_INITIALIZATION:
+      return "GPBDescriptorInitializationFlags";
+    case FLAGTYPE_EXTENSION:
+      return "GPBExtensionOptions";
+    case FLAGTYPE_FIELD:
+      return "GPBFieldFlags";
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+      return string();
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Escape C++ trigraphs by escaping question marks to \?
+string EscapeTrigraphs(const string& to_escape) {
+  return StringReplace(to_escape, "?", "\\?", true);
+}
+
+string StripProto(const string& filename) {
+  if (HasSuffixString(filename, ".protodevel")) {
+    return StripSuffixString(filename, ".protodevel");
+  } else {
+    return StripSuffixString(filename, ".proto");
+  }
+}
+
+void TrimWhitespace(StringPiece* input) {
+  while (!input->empty() && ascii_isspace(*input->data())) {
+    input->remove_prefix(1);
+  }
+  while (!input->empty() && ascii_isspace((*input)[input->length() - 1])) {
+    input->remove_suffix(1);
+  }
+}
+
+
+bool IsRetainedName(const string& name) {
+  // List of prefixes from
+  // http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/MemoryMgmt/Articles/mmRules.html
+  static const string retained_names[] = {"new", "alloc", "copy",
+                                          "mutableCopy"};
+  return IsSpecialName(name, retained_names,
+                       sizeof(retained_names) / sizeof(retained_names[0]));
+}
+
+bool IsInitName(const string& name) {
+  static const string init_names[] = {"init"};
+  return IsSpecialName(name, init_names,
+                       sizeof(init_names) / sizeof(init_names[0]));
+}
+
+string BaseFileName(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  string basename;
+  PathSplit(file->name(), NULL, &basename);
+  return basename;
+}
+
+string FileClassPrefix(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  // Default is empty string, no need to check has_objc_class_prefix.
+  string result = file->options().objc_class_prefix();
+  return result;
+}
+
+string FilePath(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  string output;
+  string basename;
+  string directory;
+  PathSplit(file->name(), &directory, &basename);
+  if (directory.length() > 0) {
+    output = directory + "/";
+  }
+  basename = StripProto(basename);
+
+  // CamelCase to be more ObjC friendly.
+  basename = UnderscoresToCamelCase(basename, true);
+
+  output += basename;
+  return output;
+}
+
+string FilePathBasename(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  string output;
+  string basename;
+  string directory;
+  PathSplit(file->name(), &directory, &basename);
+  basename = StripProto(basename);
+
+  // CamelCase to be more ObjC friendly.
+  output = UnderscoresToCamelCase(basename, true);
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+string FileClassName(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  const string prefix = FileClassPrefix(file);
+  const string name = UnderscoresToCamelCase(StripProto(BaseFileName(file)), true) + "Root";
+  // There aren't really any reserved words that end in "Root", but playing
+  // it safe and checking.
+  return SanitizeNameForObjC(prefix, name, "_RootClass", NULL);
+}
+
+string ClassNameWorker(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  string name;
+  if (descriptor->containing_type() != NULL) {
+    name = ClassNameWorker(descriptor->containing_type());
+    name += "_";
+  }
+  return name + descriptor->name();
+}
+
+string ClassNameWorker(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  string name;
+  if (descriptor->containing_type() != NULL) {
+    name = ClassNameWorker(descriptor->containing_type());
+    name += "_";
+  }
+  return name + descriptor->name();
+}
+
+string ClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return ClassName(descriptor, NULL);
+}
+
+string ClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor, string* out_suffix_added) {
+  // 1. Message names are used as is (style calls for CamelCase, trust it).
+  // 2. Check for reserved word at the very end and then suffix things.
+  const string prefix = FileClassPrefix(descriptor->file());
+  const string name = ClassNameWorker(descriptor);
+  return SanitizeNameForObjC(prefix, name, "_Class", out_suffix_added);
+}
+
+string EnumName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // 1. Enum names are used as is (style calls for CamelCase, trust it).
+  // 2. Check for reserved word at the every end and then suffix things.
+  //      message Fixed {
+  //        message Size {...}
+  //        enum Mumble {...}
+  //      ...
+  //      }
+  //    yields Fixed_Class, Fixed_Size.
+  const string prefix = FileClassPrefix(descriptor->file());
+  const string name = ClassNameWorker(descriptor);
+  return SanitizeNameForObjC(prefix, name, "_Enum", NULL);
+}
+
+string EnumValueName(const EnumValueDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // Because of the Switch enum compatibility, the name on the enum has to have
+  // the suffix handing, so it slightly diverges from how nested classes work.
+  //   enum Fixed {
+  //     FOO = 1
+  //   }
+  // yields Fixed_Enum and Fixed_Enum_Foo (not Fixed_Foo).
+  const string class_name = EnumName(descriptor->type());
+  const string value_str = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor->name(), true);
+  const string name = class_name + "_" + value_str;
+  // There aren't really any reserved words with an underscore and a leading
+  // capital letter, but playing it safe and checking.
+  return SanitizeNameForObjC("", name, "_Value", NULL);
+}
+
+string EnumValueShortName(const EnumValueDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // Enum value names (EnumValueName above) are the enum name turned into
+  // a class name and then the value name is CamelCased and concatenated; the
+  // whole thing then gets sanitized for reserved words.
+  // The "short name" is intended to be the final leaf, the value name; but
+  // you can't simply send that off to sanitize as that could result in it
+  // getting modified when the full name didn't.  For example enum
+  // "StorageModes" has a value "retain".  So the full name is
+  // "StorageModes_Retain", but if we sanitize "retain" it would become
+  // "RetainValue".
+  // So the right way to get the short name is to take the full enum name
+  // and then strip off the enum name (leaving the value name and anything
+  // done by sanitize).
+  const string class_name = EnumName(descriptor->type());
+  const string long_name_prefix = class_name + "_";
+  const string long_name = EnumValueName(descriptor);
+  return StripPrefixString(long_name, long_name_prefix);
+}
+
+string UnCamelCaseEnumShortName(const string& name) {
+  string result;
+  for (int i = 0; i < name.size(); i++) {
+    char c = name[i];
+    if (i > 0 && ascii_isupper(c)) {
+      result += '_';
+    }
+    result += ascii_toupper(c);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+string ExtensionMethodName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  const string name = NameFromFieldDescriptor(descriptor);
+  const string result = UnderscoresToCamelCase(name, false);
+  return SanitizeNameForObjC("", result, "_Extension", NULL);
+}
+
+string FieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  const string name = NameFromFieldDescriptor(field);
+  string result = UnderscoresToCamelCase(name, false);
+  if (field->is_repeated() && !field->is_map()) {
+    // Add "Array" before do check for reserved worlds.
+    result += "Array";
+  } else {
+    // If it wasn't repeated, but ends in "Array", force on the _p suffix.
+    if (HasSuffixString(result, "Array")) {
+      result += "_p";
+    }
+  }
+  return SanitizeNameForObjC("", result, "_p", NULL);
+}
+
+string FieldNameCapitalized(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // Want the same suffix handling, so upcase the first letter of the other
+  // name.
+  string result = FieldName(field);
+  if (result.length() > 0) {
+    result[0] = ascii_toupper(result[0]);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+string OneofEnumName(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  const Descriptor* fieldDescriptor = descriptor->containing_type();
+  string name = ClassName(fieldDescriptor);
+  name += "_" + UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor->name(), true) + "_OneOfCase";
+  // No sanitize needed because the OS never has names that end in _OneOfCase.
+  return name;
+}
+
+string OneofName(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  string name = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor->name(), false);
+  // No sanitize needed because it gets OneOfCase added and that shouldn't
+  // ever conflict.
+  return name;
+}
+
+string OneofNameCapitalized(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // Use the common handling and then up-case the first letter.
+  string result = OneofName(descriptor);
+  if (result.length() > 0) {
+    result[0] = ascii_toupper(result[0]);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+string UnCamelCaseFieldName(const string& name, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  string worker(name);
+  if (HasSuffixString(worker, "_p")) {
+    worker = StripSuffixString(worker, "_p");
+  }
+  if (field->is_repeated() && HasSuffixString(worker, "Array")) {
+    worker = StripSuffixString(worker, "Array");
+  }
+  if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    if (worker.length() > 0) {
+      if (ascii_islower(worker[0])) {
+        worker[0] = ascii_toupper(worker[0]);
+      }
+    }
+    return worker;
+  } else {
+    string result;
+    for (int i = 0; i < worker.size(); i++) {
+      char c = worker[i];
+      if (ascii_isupper(c)) {
+        if (i > 0) {
+          result += '_';
+        }
+        result += ascii_tolower(c);
+      } else {
+        result += c;
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+string GetCapitalizedType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return "Int32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return "UInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return "SInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return "Fixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return "SFixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return "Int64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return "UInt64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return "SInt64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return "Fixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return "SFixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "Float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "Double";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return "Bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return "String";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return "Bytes";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return "Enum";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return "Group";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "Message";
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return string();
+}
+
+ObjectiveCType GetObjectiveCType(FieldDescriptor::Type field_type) {
+  switch (field_type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT32;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT32;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT64;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT64;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_FLOAT;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_DOUBLE;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_DATA;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE;
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT32;
+}
+
+bool IsPrimitiveType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  ObjectiveCType type = GetObjectiveCType(field);
+  switch (type) {
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT32:
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT32:
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT64:
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT64:
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_FLOAT:
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN:
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM:
+      return true;
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool IsReferenceType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return !IsPrimitiveType(field);
+}
+
+static string HandleExtremeFloatingPoint(string val, bool add_float_suffix) {
+  if (val == "nan") {
+    return "NAN";
+  } else if (val == "inf") {
+    return "INFINITY";
+  } else if (val == "-inf") {
+    return "-INFINITY";
+  } else {
+    // float strings with ., e or E need to have f appended
+    if (add_float_suffix &&
+        (val.find(".") != string::npos || val.find("e") != string::npos ||
+         val.find("E") != string::npos)) {
+      val += "f";
+    }
+    return val;
+  }
+}
+
+string GPBGenericValueFieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // Returns the field within the GPBGenericValue union to use for the given
+  // field.
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      return "valueMessage";
+  }
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return "valueInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return "valueUInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return "valueInt64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return "valueUInt64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "valueFloat";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "valueDouble";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return "valueBool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+        return "valueData";
+      } else {
+        return "valueString";
+      }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return "valueEnum";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "valueMessage";
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return string();
+}
+
+
+string DefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // Repeated fields don't have defaults.
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    return "nil";
+  }
+
+  // Switch on cpp_type since we need to know which default_value_* method
+  // of FieldDescriptor to call.
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      // gcc and llvm reject the decimal form of kint32min and kint64min.
+      if (field->default_value_int32() == INT_MIN) {
+        return "-0x80000000";
+      }
+      return StrCat(field->default_value_int32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return StrCat(field->default_value_uint32()) + "U";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      // gcc and llvm reject the decimal form of kint32min and kint64min.
+      if (field->default_value_int64() == LLONG_MIN) {
+        return "-0x8000000000000000LL";
+      }
+      return StrCat(field->default_value_int64()) + "LL";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return StrCat(field->default_value_uint64()) + "ULL";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return HandleExtremeFloatingPoint(
+          SimpleDtoa(field->default_value_double()), false);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return HandleExtremeFloatingPoint(
+          SimpleFtoa(field->default_value_float()), true);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return field->default_value_bool() ? "YES" : "NO";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+      const bool has_default_value = field->has_default_value();
+      const string& default_string = field->default_value_string();
+      if (!has_default_value || default_string.length() == 0) {
+        // If the field is defined as being the empty string,
+        // then we will just assign to nil, as the empty string is the
+        // default for both strings and data.
+        return "nil";
+      }
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+        // We want constant fields in our data structures so we can
+        // declare them as static. To achieve this we cheat and stuff
+        // a escaped c string (prefixed with a length) into the data
+        // field, and cast it to an (NSData*) so it will compile.
+        // The runtime library knows how to handle it.
+
+        // Must convert to a standard byte order for packing length into
+        // a cstring.
+        uint32 length = ghtonl(default_string.length());
+        string bytes((const char*)&length, sizeof(length));
+        bytes.append(default_string);
+        return "(NSData*)\"" + EscapeTrigraphs(CEscape(bytes)) + "\"";
+      } else {
+        return "@\"" + EscapeTrigraphs(CEscape(default_string)) + "\"";
+      }
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return EnumValueName(field->default_value_enum());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "nil";
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return string();
+}
+
+bool HasNonZeroDefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // Repeated fields don't have defaults.
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // As much as checking field->has_default_value() seems useful, it isn't
+  // because of enums. proto2 syntax allows the first item in an enum (the
+  // default) to be non zero. So checking field->has_default_value() would
+  // result in missing this non zero default.  See MessageWithOneBasedEnum in
+  // objectivec/Tests/unittest_objc.proto for a test Message to confirm this.
+
+  // Some proto file set the default to the zero value, so make sure the value
+  // isn't the zero case.
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return field->default_value_int32() != 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return field->default_value_uint32() != 0U;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return field->default_value_int64() != 0LL;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return field->default_value_uint64() != 0ULL;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return field->default_value_double() != 0.0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return field->default_value_float() != 0.0f;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return field->default_value_bool();
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+      const string& default_string = field->default_value_string();
+      return default_string.length() != 0;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return field->default_value_enum()->number() != 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return false;
+}
+
+string BuildFlagsString(const FlagType flag_type,
+                        const std::vector<string>& strings) {
+  if (strings.size() == 0) {
+    return GetZeroEnumNameForFlagType(flag_type);
+  } else if (strings.size() == 1) {
+    return strings[0];
+  }
+  string string("(" + GetEnumNameForFlagType(flag_type) + ")(");
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != strings.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i > 0) {
+      string.append(" | ");
+    }
+    string.append(strings[i]);
+  }
+  string.append(")");
+  return string;
+}
+
+string BuildCommentsString(const SourceLocation& location,
+                           bool prefer_single_line) {
+  const string& comments = location.leading_comments.empty()
+                               ? location.trailing_comments
+                               : location.leading_comments;
+  std::vector<string> lines;
+  lines = Split(comments, "\n", false);
+  while (!lines.empty() && lines.back().empty()) {
+    lines.pop_back();
+  }
+  // If there are no comments, just return an empty string.
+  if (lines.size() == 0) {
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  string prefix;
+  string suffix;
+  string final_comments;
+  string epilogue;
+
+  bool add_leading_space = false;
+
+  if (prefer_single_line && lines.size() == 1) {
+    prefix = "/** ";
+    suffix = " */\n";
+  } else {
+    prefix = "* ";
+    suffix = "\n";
+    final_comments += "/**\n";
+    epilogue = " **/\n";
+    add_leading_space = true;
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
+    string line = StripPrefixString(lines[i], " ");
+    // HeaderDoc and appledoc use '\' and '@' for markers; escape them.
+    line = StringReplace(line, "\\", "\\\\", true);
+    line = StringReplace(line, "@", "\\@", true);
+    // Decouple / from * to not have inline comments inside comments.
+    line = StringReplace(line, "/*", "/\\*", true);
+    line = StringReplace(line, "*/", "*\\/", true);
+    line = prefix + line;
+    StripWhitespace(&line);
+    // If not a one line, need to add the first space before *, as
+    // StripWhitespace would have removed it.
+    line = (add_leading_space ? " " : "") + line;
+    final_comments += line + suffix;
+  }
+  final_comments += epilogue;
+  return final_comments;
+}
+
+// Making these a generator option for folks that don't use CocoaPods, but do
+// want to put the library in a framework is an interesting question. The
+// problem is it means changing sources shipped with the library to actually
+// use a different value; so it isn't as simple as a option.
+const char* const ProtobufLibraryFrameworkName = "protobuf";
+
+string ProtobufFrameworkImportSymbol(const string& framework_name) {
+  // GPB_USE_[framework_name]_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS
+  string result = string("GPB_USE_");
+  result += ToUpper(framework_name);
+  result += "_FRAMEWORK_IMPORTS";
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool IsProtobufLibraryBundledProtoFile(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  // We don't check the name prefix or proto package because some files
+  // (descriptor.proto), aren't shipped generated by the library, so this
+  // seems to be the safest way to only catch the ones shipped.
+  const string name = file->name();
+  if (name == "google/protobuf/any.proto" ||
+      name == "google/protobuf/api.proto" ||
+      name == "google/protobuf/duration.proto" ||
+      name == "google/protobuf/empty.proto" ||
+      name == "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto" ||
+      name == "google/protobuf/source_context.proto" ||
+      name == "google/protobuf/struct.proto" ||
+      name == "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto" ||
+      name == "google/protobuf/type.proto" ||
+      name == "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto") {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool ReadLine(StringPiece* input, StringPiece* line) {
+  for (int len = 0; len < input->size(); ++len) {
+    if (ascii_isnewline((*input)[len])) {
+      *line = StringPiece(input->data(), len);
+      ++len;  // advance over the newline
+      *input = StringPiece(input->data() + len, input->size() - len);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;  // Ran out of input with no newline.
+}
+
+void RemoveComment(StringPiece* input) {
+  int offset = input->find('#');
+  if (offset != StringPiece::npos) {
+    input->remove_suffix(input->length() - offset);
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+class ExpectedPrefixesCollector : public LineConsumer {
+ public:
+  ExpectedPrefixesCollector(std::map<string, string>* inout_package_to_prefix_map)
+      : prefix_map_(inout_package_to_prefix_map) {}
+
+  virtual bool ConsumeLine(const StringPiece& line, string* out_error);
+
+ private:
+  std::map<string, string>* prefix_map_;
+};
+
+bool ExpectedPrefixesCollector::ConsumeLine(
+    const StringPiece& line, string* out_error) {
+  int offset = line.find('=');
+  if (offset == StringPiece::npos) {
+    *out_error = string("Expected prefixes file line without equal sign: '") +
+                 string(line) + "'.";
+    return false;
+  }
+  StringPiece package = line.substr(0, offset);
+  StringPiece prefix = line.substr(offset + 1);
+  TrimWhitespace(&package);
+  TrimWhitespace(&prefix);
+  // Don't really worry about error checking the package/prefix for
+  // being valid.  Assume the file is validated when it is created/edited.
+  (*prefix_map_)[string(package)] = string(prefix);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool LoadExpectedPackagePrefixes(const Options &generation_options,
+                                 std::map<string, string>* prefix_map,
+                                 string* out_error) {
+  if (generation_options.expected_prefixes_path.empty()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  ExpectedPrefixesCollector collector(prefix_map);
+  return ParseSimpleFile(
+      generation_options.expected_prefixes_path, &collector, out_error);
+}
+
+bool ValidateObjCClassPrefix(
+    const FileDescriptor* file,
+    const string& expected_prefixes_path,
+    const std::map<string, string>& expected_package_prefixes,
+    string* out_error) {
+  const string prefix = file->options().objc_class_prefix();
+  const string package = file->package();
+
+  // NOTE: src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc makes use of cerr for some
+  // error cases, so it seems to be ok to use as a back door for warnings.
+
+  // Check: Error - See if there was an expected prefix for the package and
+  // report if it doesn't match (wrong or missing).
+  std::map<string, string>::const_iterator package_match =
+      expected_package_prefixes.find(package);
+  if (package_match != expected_package_prefixes.end()) {
+    // There was an entry, and...
+    if (package_match->second == prefix) {
+      // ...it matches.  All good, out of here!
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      // ...it didn't match!
+      *out_error = "error: Expected 'option objc_class_prefix = \"" +
+                   package_match->second + "\";' for package '" + package +
+                   "' in '" + file->name() + "'";
+      if (prefix.length()) {
+        *out_error += "; but found '" + prefix + "' instead";
+      }
+      *out_error += ".";
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If there was no prefix option, we're done at this point.
+  if (prefix.empty()) {
+    // No prefix, nothing left to check.
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Check: Warning - Make sure the prefix is is a reasonable value according
+  // to Apple's rules (the checks above implicitly whitelist anything that
+  // doesn't meet these rules).
+  if (!ascii_isupper(prefix[0])) {
+    std::cerr << std::endl
+         << "protoc:0: warning: Invalid 'option objc_class_prefix = \""
+         << prefix << "\";' in '" << file->name() << "';"
+         << " it should start with a capital letter." << std::endl;
+    std::cerr.flush();
+  }
+  if (prefix.length() < 3) {
+    // Apple reserves 2 character prefixes for themselves. They do use some
+    // 3 character prefixes, but they haven't updated the rules/docs.
+    std::cerr << std::endl
+         << "protoc:0: warning: Invalid 'option objc_class_prefix = \""
+         << prefix << "\";' in '" << file->name() << "';"
+         << " Apple recommends they should be at least 3 characters long."
+         << std::endl;
+    std::cerr.flush();
+  }
+
+  // Look for any other package that uses the same prefix.
+  string other_package_for_prefix;
+  for (std::map<string, string>::const_iterator i = expected_package_prefixes.begin();
+       i != expected_package_prefixes.end(); ++i) {
+    if (i->second == prefix) {
+      other_package_for_prefix = i->first;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check: Warning - If the file does not have a package, check whether
+  // the prefix declared is being used by another package or not.
+  if (package.empty()) {
+    // The file does not have a package and ...
+    if (other_package_for_prefix.empty()) {
+      // ... no other package has declared that prefix.
+      std::cerr << std::endl
+           << "protoc:0: warning: File '" << file->name() << "' has no "
+           << "package. Consider adding a new package to the proto and adding '"
+           << "new.package = " << prefix << "' to the expected prefixes file ("
+           << expected_prefixes_path << ")." << std::endl;
+      std::cerr.flush();
+    } else {
+      // ... another package has declared the same prefix.
+      std::cerr << std::endl
+           << "protoc:0: warning: File '" << file->name() << "' has no package "
+           << "and package '" << other_package_for_prefix << "' already uses '"
+           << prefix << "' as its prefix. Consider either adding a new package "
+           << "to the proto, or reusing one of the packages already using this "
+           << "prefix in the expected prefixes file ("
+           << expected_prefixes_path << ")." << std::endl;
+      std::cerr.flush();
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Check: Error - Make sure the prefix wasn't expected for a different
+  // package (overlap is allowed, but it has to be listed as an expected
+  // overlap).
+  if (!other_package_for_prefix.empty()) {
+    *out_error =
+        "error: Found 'option objc_class_prefix = \"" + prefix +
+        "\";' in '" + file->name() +
+        "'; that prefix is already used for 'package " +
+        other_package_for_prefix + ";'. It can only be reused by listing " +
+        "it in the expected file (" +
+        expected_prefixes_path + ").";
+    return false;  // Only report first usage of the prefix.
+  }
+
+  // Check: Warning - If the given package/prefix pair wasn't expected, issue a
+  // warning issue a warning suggesting it gets added to the file.
+  if (!expected_package_prefixes.empty()) {
+    std::cerr << std::endl
+         << "protoc:0: warning: Found unexpected 'option objc_class_prefix = \""
+         << prefix << "\";' in '" << file->name() << "';"
+         << " consider adding it to the expected prefixes file ("
+         << expected_prefixes_path << ")." << std::endl;
+    std::cerr.flush();
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool ValidateObjCClassPrefixes(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                               const Options& generation_options,
+                               string* out_error) {
+  // Load the expected package prefixes, if available, to validate against.
+  std::map<string, string> expected_package_prefixes;
+  if (!LoadExpectedPackagePrefixes(generation_options,
+                                   &expected_package_prefixes,
+                                   out_error)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
+    bool should_skip =
+      (std::find(generation_options.expected_prefixes_suppressions.begin(),
+                 generation_options.expected_prefixes_suppressions.end(),
+                 files[i]->name())
+          != generation_options.expected_prefixes_suppressions.end());
+    if (should_skip) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    bool is_valid =
+        ValidateObjCClassPrefix(files[i],
+                                generation_options.expected_prefixes_path,
+                                expected_package_prefixes,
+                                out_error);
+    if (!is_valid) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+TextFormatDecodeData::TextFormatDecodeData() { }
+
+TextFormatDecodeData::~TextFormatDecodeData() { }
+
+void TextFormatDecodeData::AddString(int32 key,
+                                     const string& input_for_decode,
+                                     const string& desired_output) {
+  for (std::vector<DataEntry>::const_iterator i = entries_.begin();
+       i != entries_.end(); ++i) {
+    if (i->first == key) {
+      std::cerr << "error: duplicate key (" << key
+           << ") making TextFormat data, input: \"" << input_for_decode
+           << "\", desired: \"" << desired_output << "\"." << std::endl;
+      std::cerr.flush();
+      abort();
+    }
+  }
+
+  const string& data = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(
+      input_for_decode, desired_output);
+  entries_.push_back(DataEntry(key, data));
+}
+
+string TextFormatDecodeData::Data() const {
+  std::ostringstream data_stringstream;
+
+  if (num_entries() > 0) {
+    io::OstreamOutputStream data_outputstream(&data_stringstream);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&data_outputstream);
+
+    output_stream.WriteVarint32(num_entries());
+    for (std::vector<DataEntry>::const_iterator i = entries_.begin();
+         i != entries_.end(); ++i) {
+      output_stream.WriteVarint32(i->first);
+      output_stream.WriteString(i->second);
+    }
+  }
+
+  data_stringstream.flush();
+  return data_stringstream.str();
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Helper to build up the decode data for a string.
+class DecodeDataBuilder {
+ public:
+  DecodeDataBuilder() { Reset(); }
+
+  bool AddCharacter(const char desired, const char input);
+  void AddUnderscore() {
+    Push();
+    need_underscore_ = true;
+  }
+  string Finish() {
+    Push();
+    return decode_data_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static const uint8 kAddUnderscore = 0x80;
+
+  static const uint8 kOpAsIs        = 0x00;
+  static const uint8 kOpFirstUpper  = 0x40;
+  static const uint8 kOpFirstLower  = 0x20;
+  static const uint8 kOpAllUpper    = 0x60;
+
+  static const int kMaxSegmentLen     = 0x1f;
+
+  void AddChar(const char desired) {
+    ++segment_len_;
+    is_all_upper_ &= ascii_isupper(desired);
+  }
+
+  void Push() {
+    uint8 op = (op_ | segment_len_);
+    if (need_underscore_) op |= kAddUnderscore;
+    if (op != 0) {
+      decode_data_ += (char)op;
+    }
+    Reset();
+  }
+
+  bool AddFirst(const char desired, const char input) {
+    if (desired == input) {
+      op_ = kOpAsIs;
+    } else if (desired == ascii_toupper(input)) {
+      op_ = kOpFirstUpper;
+    } else if (desired == ascii_tolower(input)) {
+      op_ = kOpFirstLower;
+    } else {
+      // Can't be transformed to match.
+      return false;
+    }
+    AddChar(desired);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void Reset() {
+    need_underscore_ = false;
+    op_ = 0;
+    segment_len_ = 0;
+    is_all_upper_ = true;
+  }
+
+  bool need_underscore_;
+  bool is_all_upper_;
+  uint8 op_;
+  int segment_len_;
+
+  string decode_data_;
+};
+
+bool DecodeDataBuilder::AddCharacter(const char desired, const char input) {
+  // If we've hit the max size, push to start a new segment.
+  if (segment_len_ == kMaxSegmentLen) {
+    Push();
+  }
+  if (segment_len_ == 0) {
+    return AddFirst(desired, input);
+  }
+
+  // Desired and input match...
+  if (desired == input) {
+    // If we aren't transforming it, or we're upper casing it and it is
+    // supposed to be uppercase; just add it to the segment.
+    if ((op_ != kOpAllUpper) || ascii_isupper(desired)) {
+      AddChar(desired);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Add the current segment, and start the next one.
+    Push();
+    return AddFirst(desired, input);
+  }
+
+  // If we need to uppercase, and everything so far has been uppercase,
+  // promote op to AllUpper.
+  if ((desired == ascii_toupper(input)) && is_all_upper_) {
+    op_ = kOpAllUpper;
+    AddChar(desired);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Give up, push and start a new segment.
+  Push();
+  return AddFirst(desired, input);
+}
+
+// If decode data can't be generated, a directive for the raw string
+// is used instead.
+string DirectDecodeString(const string& str) {
+  string result;
+  result += (char)'\0';  // Marker for full string.
+  result += str;
+  result += (char)'\0';  // End of string.
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// static
+string TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(const string& input_for_decode,
+                                                 const string& desired_output) {
+  if ((input_for_decode.size() == 0) || (desired_output.size() == 0)) {
+    std::cerr << "error: got empty string for making TextFormat data, input: \""
+         << input_for_decode << "\", desired: \"" << desired_output << "\"."
+         << std::endl;
+    std::cerr.flush();
+    abort();
+  }
+  if ((input_for_decode.find('\0') != string::npos) ||
+      (desired_output.find('\0') != string::npos)) {
+    std::cerr << "error: got a null char in a string for making TextFormat data,"
+         << " input: \"" << CEscape(input_for_decode) << "\", desired: \""
+         << CEscape(desired_output) << "\"." << std::endl;
+    std::cerr.flush();
+    abort();
+  }
+
+  DecodeDataBuilder builder;
+
+  // Walk the output building it from the input.
+  int x = 0;
+  for (int y = 0; y < desired_output.size(); y++) {
+    const char d = desired_output[y];
+    if (d == '_') {
+      builder.AddUnderscore();
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (x >= input_for_decode.size()) {
+      // Out of input, no way to encode it, just return a full decode.
+      return DirectDecodeString(desired_output);
+    }
+    if (builder.AddCharacter(d, input_for_decode[x])) {
+      ++x;  // Consumed one input
+    } else {
+      // Couldn't transform for the next character, just return a full decode.
+      return DirectDecodeString(desired_output);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (x != input_for_decode.size()) {
+    // Extra input (suffix from name sanitizing?), just return a full decode.
+    return DirectDecodeString(desired_output);
+  }
+
+  // Add the end marker.
+  return builder.Finish() + (char)'\0';
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+class Parser {
+ public:
+  Parser(LineConsumer* line_consumer)
+      : line_consumer_(line_consumer), line_(0) {}
+
+  // Parses a check of input, returning success/failure.
+  bool ParseChunk(StringPiece chunk);
+
+  // Should be called to finish parsing (after all input has been provided via
+  // ParseChunk()).  Returns success/failure.
+  bool Finish();
+
+  int last_line() const { return line_; }
+  string error_str() const { return error_str_; }
+
+ private:
+  bool ParseLoop();
+
+  LineConsumer* line_consumer_;
+  int line_;
+  string error_str_;
+  StringPiece p_;
+  string leftover_;
+};
+
+bool Parser::ParseChunk(StringPiece chunk) {
+  if (!leftover_.empty()) {
+    leftover_ += string(chunk);
+    p_ = StringPiece(leftover_);
+  } else {
+    p_ = chunk;
+  }
+  bool result = ParseLoop();
+  if (p_.empty()) {
+    leftover_.clear();
+  } else {
+    leftover_ = string(p_);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool Parser::Finish() {
+  if (leftover_.empty()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  // Force a newline onto the end to finish parsing.
+  leftover_ += "\n";
+  p_ = StringPiece(leftover_);
+  if (!ParseLoop()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return p_.empty();  // Everything used?
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseLoop() {
+  StringPiece line;
+  while (ReadLine(&p_, &line)) {
+    ++line_;
+    RemoveComment(&line);
+    TrimWhitespace(&line);
+    if (line.size() == 0) {
+      continue;  // Blank line.
+    }
+    if (!line_consumer_->ConsumeLine(line, &error_str_)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+LineConsumer::LineConsumer() {}
+
+LineConsumer::~LineConsumer() {}
+
+bool ParseSimpleFile(
+    const string& path, LineConsumer* line_consumer, string* out_error) {
+  int fd;
+  do {
+    fd = posix::open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
+  } while (fd < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+  if (fd < 0) {
+    *out_error =
+        string("error: Unable to open \"") + path + "\", " + strerror(errno);
+    return false;
+  }
+  io::FileInputStream file_stream(fd);
+  file_stream.SetCloseOnDelete(true);
+
+  Parser parser(line_consumer);
+  const void* buf;
+  int buf_len;
+  while (file_stream.Next(&buf, &buf_len)) {
+    if (buf_len == 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (!parser.ParseChunk(StringPiece(static_cast<const char*>(buf), buf_len))) {
+      *out_error =
+          string("error: ") + path +
+          " Line " + StrCat(parser.last_line()) + ", " + parser.error_str();
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return parser.Finish();
+}
+
+ImportWriter::ImportWriter(
+  const string& generate_for_named_framework,
+  const string& named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path,
+  bool include_wkt_imports)
+    : generate_for_named_framework_(generate_for_named_framework),
+      named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path_(
+          named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path),
+      include_wkt_imports_(include_wkt_imports),
+      need_to_parse_mapping_file_(true) {
+}
+
+ImportWriter::~ImportWriter() {}
+
+void ImportWriter::AddFile(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                           const string& header_extension) {
+  const string file_path(FilePath(file));
+
+  if (IsProtobufLibraryBundledProtoFile(file)) {
+    // The imports of the WKTs are only needed within the library itself,
+    // in other cases, they get skipped because the generated code already
+    // import GPBProtocolBuffers.h and hence proves them.
+    if (include_wkt_imports_) {
+      protobuf_framework_imports_.push_back(
+          FilePathBasename(file) + header_extension);
+      protobuf_non_framework_imports_.push_back(file_path + header_extension);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Lazy parse any mappings.
+  if (need_to_parse_mapping_file_) {
+    ParseFrameworkMappings();
+  }
+
+  std::map<string, string>::iterator proto_lookup =
+      proto_file_to_framework_name_.find(file->name());
+  if (proto_lookup != proto_file_to_framework_name_.end()) {
+    other_framework_imports_.push_back(
+        proto_lookup->second + "/" +
+        FilePathBasename(file) + header_extension);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!generate_for_named_framework_.empty()) {
+    other_framework_imports_.push_back(
+        generate_for_named_framework_ + "/" +
+        FilePathBasename(file) + header_extension);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  other_imports_.push_back(file_path + header_extension);
+}
+
+void ImportWriter::Print(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  assert(protobuf_non_framework_imports_.size() ==
+         protobuf_framework_imports_.size());
+
+  bool add_blank_line = false;
+
+  if (protobuf_framework_imports_.size() > 0) {
+    const string framework_name(ProtobufLibraryFrameworkName);
+    const string cpp_symbol(ProtobufFrameworkImportSymbol(framework_name));
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "#if $cpp_symbol$\n",
+        "cpp_symbol", cpp_symbol);
+    for (std::vector<string>::const_iterator iter = protobuf_framework_imports_.begin();
+         iter != protobuf_framework_imports_.end(); ++iter) {
+      printer->Print(
+          " #import <$framework_name$/$header$>\n",
+          "framework_name", framework_name,
+          "header", *iter);
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "#else\n");
+    for (std::vector<string>::const_iterator iter = protobuf_non_framework_imports_.begin();
+         iter != protobuf_non_framework_imports_.end(); ++iter) {
+      printer->Print(
+          " #import \"$header$\"\n",
+          "header", *iter);
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "#endif\n");
+
+    add_blank_line = true;
+  }
+
+  if (other_framework_imports_.size() > 0) {
+    if (add_blank_line) {
+      printer->Print("\n");
+    }
+
+    for (std::vector<string>::const_iterator iter = other_framework_imports_.begin();
+         iter != other_framework_imports_.end(); ++iter) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "#import <$header$>\n",
+          "header", *iter);
+    }
+
+    add_blank_line = true;
+  }
+
+  if (other_imports_.size() > 0) {
+    if (add_blank_line) {
+      printer->Print("\n");
+    }
+
+    for (std::vector<string>::const_iterator iter = other_imports_.begin();
+         iter != other_imports_.end(); ++iter) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "#import \"$header$\"\n",
+          "header", *iter);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ImportWriter::ParseFrameworkMappings() {
+  need_to_parse_mapping_file_ = false;
+  if (named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path_.empty()) {
+    return;  // Nothing to do.
+  }
+
+  ProtoFrameworkCollector collector(&proto_file_to_framework_name_);
+  string parse_error;
+  if (!ParseSimpleFile(named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path_,
+                       &collector, &parse_error)) {
+    std::cerr << "error parsing " << named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path_
+         << " : " << parse_error << std::endl;
+    std::cerr.flush();
+  }
+}
+
+bool ImportWriter::ProtoFrameworkCollector::ConsumeLine(
+    const StringPiece& line, string* out_error) {
+  int offset = line.find(':');
+  if (offset == StringPiece::npos) {
+    *out_error =
+        string("Framework/proto file mapping line without colon sign: '") +
+        string(line) + "'.";
+    return false;
+  }
+  StringPiece framework_name = line.substr(0, offset);
+  StringPiece proto_file_list = line.substr(offset + 1);
+  TrimWhitespace(&framework_name);
+
+  int start = 0;
+  while (start < proto_file_list.length()) {
+    offset = proto_file_list.find(',', start);
+    if (offset == StringPiece::npos) {
+      offset = proto_file_list.length();
+    }
+
+    StringPiece proto_file = proto_file_list.substr(start, offset - start);
+    TrimWhitespace(&proto_file);
+    if (proto_file.size() != 0) {
+      std::map<string, string>::iterator existing_entry =
+          map_->find(string(proto_file));
+      if (existing_entry != map_->end()) {
+        std::cerr << "warning: duplicate proto file reference, replacing "
+                     "framework entry for '"
+                  << string(proto_file) << "' with '" << string(framework_name)
+                  << "' (was '" << existing_entry->second << "')." << std::endl;
+        std::cerr.flush();
+      }
+
+      if (proto_file.find(' ') != StringPiece::npos) {
+        std::cerr << "note: framework mapping file had a proto file with a "
+                     "space in, hopefully that isn't a missing comma: '"
+                  << string(proto_file) << "'" << std::endl;
+        std::cerr.flush();
+      }
+
+      (*map_)[string(proto_file)] = string(framework_name);
+    }
+
+    start = offset + 1;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98ec7db8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Helper functions for generating ObjectiveC code.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_HELPERS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_HELPERS_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+// Generator options (see objectivec_generator.cc for a description of each):
+struct Options {
+  Options();
+  string expected_prefixes_path;
+  std::vector<string> expected_prefixes_suppressions;
+  string generate_for_named_framework;
+  string named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path;
+};
+
+// Escape C++ trigraphs by escaping question marks to "\?".
+string PROTOC_EXPORT EscapeTrigraphs(const string& to_escape);
+
+// Strips ".proto" or ".protodevel" from the end of a filename.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT StripProto(const string& filename);
+
+// Remove white space from either end of a StringPiece.
+void PROTOC_EXPORT TrimWhitespace(StringPiece* input);
+
+// Returns true if the name requires a ns_returns_not_retained attribute applied
+// to it.
+bool PROTOC_EXPORT IsRetainedName(const string& name);
+
+// Returns true if the name starts with "init" and will need to have special
+// handling under ARC.
+bool PROTOC_EXPORT IsInitName(const string& name);
+
+// Gets the objc_class_prefix.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT FileClassPrefix(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+// Gets the path of the file we're going to generate (sans the .pb.h
+// extension).  The path will be dependent on the objectivec package
+// declared in the proto package.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT FilePath(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+// Just like FilePath(), but without the directory part.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT FilePathBasename(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+// Gets the name of the root class we'll generate in the file.  This class
+// is not meant for external consumption, but instead contains helpers that
+// the rest of the classes need
+string PROTOC_EXPORT FileClassName(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+// These return the fully-qualified class name corresponding to the given
+// descriptor.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT ClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+string PROTOC_EXPORT ClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                               string* out_suffix_added);
+string PROTOC_EXPORT EnumName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Returns the fully-qualified name of the enum value corresponding to the
+// the descriptor.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT EnumValueName(const EnumValueDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Returns the name of the enum value corresponding to the descriptor.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT EnumValueShortName(const EnumValueDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Reverse what an enum does.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT UnCamelCaseEnumShortName(const string& name);
+
+// Returns the name to use for the extension (used as the method off the file's
+// Root class).
+string PROTOC_EXPORT ExtensionMethodName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Returns the transformed field name.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT FieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+string PROTOC_EXPORT FieldNameCapitalized(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+// Returns the transformed oneof name.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT OneofEnumName(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor);
+string PROTOC_EXPORT OneofName(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor);
+string PROTOC_EXPORT OneofNameCapitalized(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+inline bool HasFieldPresence(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  return file->syntax() != FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+}
+
+inline bool HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  return file->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+}
+
+inline bool IsMapEntryMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->options().map_entry();
+}
+
+// Reverse of the above.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT UnCamelCaseFieldName(const string& name,
+                                          const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+enum ObjectiveCType {
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT32,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT32,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT64,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT64,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_FLOAT,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_DOUBLE,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_DATA,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE
+};
+
+enum FlagType {
+  FLAGTYPE_DESCRIPTOR_INITIALIZATION,
+  FLAGTYPE_EXTENSION,
+  FLAGTYPE_FIELD
+};
+
+template<class TDescriptor>
+string GetOptionalDeprecatedAttribute(
+    const TDescriptor* descriptor,
+    const FileDescriptor* file = NULL,
+    bool preSpace = true, bool postNewline = false) {
+  bool isDeprecated = descriptor->options().deprecated();
+  // The file is only passed when checking Messages & Enums, so those types
+  // get tagged. At the moment, it doesn't seem to make sense to tag every
+  // field or enum value with when the file is deprecated.
+  bool isFileLevelDeprecation = false;
+  if (!isDeprecated && file) {
+    isFileLevelDeprecation = file->options().deprecated();
+    isDeprecated = isFileLevelDeprecation;
+  }
+  if (isDeprecated) {
+    string message;
+    const FileDescriptor* sourceFile = descriptor->file();
+    if (isFileLevelDeprecation) {
+      message = sourceFile->name() + " is deprecated.";
+    } else {
+      message = descriptor->full_name() + " is deprecated (see " +
+                sourceFile->name() + ").";
+    }
+
+    string result = string("GPB_DEPRECATED_MSG(\"") + message + "\")";
+    if (preSpace) {
+      result.insert(0, " ");
+    }
+    if (postNewline) {
+      result.append("\n");
+    }
+    return result;
+  } else {
+    return "";
+  }
+}
+
+string PROTOC_EXPORT GetCapitalizedType(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+ObjectiveCType PROTOC_EXPORT
+GetObjectiveCType(FieldDescriptor::Type field_type);
+
+inline ObjectiveCType GetObjectiveCType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return GetObjectiveCType(field->type());
+}
+
+bool PROTOC_EXPORT IsPrimitiveType(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+bool PROTOC_EXPORT IsReferenceType(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+string PROTOC_EXPORT GPBGenericValueFieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+string PROTOC_EXPORT DefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+bool PROTOC_EXPORT HasNonZeroDefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+string PROTOC_EXPORT BuildFlagsString(const FlagType type,
+                                      const std::vector<string>& strings);
+
+// Builds HeaderDoc/appledoc style comments out of the comments in the .proto
+// file.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT BuildCommentsString(const SourceLocation& location,
+                                         bool prefer_single_line);
+
+// The name the commonly used by the library when built as a framework.
+// This lines up to the name used in the CocoaPod.
+extern PROTOC_EXPORT const char* const ProtobufLibraryFrameworkName;
+// Returns the CPP symbol name to use as the gate for framework style imports
+// for the given framework name to use.
+string PROTOC_EXPORT
+ProtobufFrameworkImportSymbol(const string& framework_name);
+
+// Checks if the file is one of the proto's bundled with the library.
+bool PROTOC_EXPORT
+IsProtobufLibraryBundledProtoFile(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+// Checks the prefix for the given files and outputs any warnings as needed. If
+// there are flat out errors, then out_error is filled in with the first error
+// and the result is false.
+bool PROTOC_EXPORT
+ValidateObjCClassPrefixes(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                          const Options& generation_options, string* out_error);
+
+// Generate decode data needed for ObjC's GPBDecodeTextFormatName() to transform
+// the input into the expected output.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT TextFormatDecodeData {
+ public:
+  TextFormatDecodeData();
+  ~TextFormatDecodeData();
+
+  TextFormatDecodeData(const TextFormatDecodeData&) = delete;
+  TextFormatDecodeData& operator=(const TextFormatDecodeData&) = delete;
+
+  void AddString(int32 key, const string& input_for_decode,
+                 const string& desired_output);
+  size_t num_entries() const { return entries_.size(); }
+  string Data() const;
+
+  static string DecodeDataForString(const string& input_for_decode,
+                                    const string& desired_output);
+
+ private:
+  typedef std::pair<int32, string> DataEntry;
+  std::vector<DataEntry> entries_;
+};
+
+// Helper for parsing simple files.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT LineConsumer {
+ public:
+  LineConsumer();
+  virtual ~LineConsumer();
+  virtual bool ConsumeLine(const StringPiece& line, string* out_error) = 0;
+};
+
+bool PROTOC_EXPORT ParseSimpleFile(const string& path,
+                                   LineConsumer* line_consumer,
+                                   string* out_error);
+
+// Helper class for parsing framework import mappings and generating
+// import statements.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT ImportWriter {
+ public:
+  ImportWriter(const string& generate_for_named_framework,
+               const string& named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path,
+               bool include_wkt_imports);
+  ~ImportWriter();
+
+  void AddFile(const FileDescriptor* file, const string& header_extension);
+  void Print(io::Printer *printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  class ProtoFrameworkCollector : public LineConsumer {
+   public:
+    ProtoFrameworkCollector(std::map<string, string>* inout_proto_file_to_framework_name)
+        : map_(inout_proto_file_to_framework_name) {}
+
+    virtual bool ConsumeLine(const StringPiece& line, string* out_error);
+
+   private:
+    std::map<string, string>* map_;
+  };
+
+  void ParseFrameworkMappings();
+
+  const string generate_for_named_framework_;
+  const string named_framework_to_proto_path_mappings_path_;
+  const bool include_wkt_imports_;
+  std::map<string, string> proto_file_to_framework_name_;
+  bool need_to_parse_mapping_file_;
+
+  std::vector<string> protobuf_framework_imports_;
+  std::vector<string> protobuf_non_framework_imports_;
+  std::vector<string> other_framework_imports_;
+  std::vector<string> other_imports_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_HELPERS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc1cef556
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(ObjCHelper, TextFormatDecodeData_DecodeDataForString_RawStrings) {
+  string input_for_decode("abcdefghIJ");
+  string desired_output_for_decode;
+  string expected;
+  string result;
+
+  // Different data, can't transform.
+
+  desired_output_for_decode = "zbcdefghIJ";
+  expected = string("\0zbcdefghIJ\0", 12);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  desired_output_for_decode = "abcdezghIJ";
+  expected = string("\0abcdezghIJ\0", 12);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Shortened data, can't transform.
+
+  desired_output_for_decode = "abcdefghI";
+  expected = string("\0abcdefghI\0", 11);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Extra data, can't transform.
+
+  desired_output_for_decode = "abcdefghIJz";
+  expected = string("\0abcdefghIJz\0", 13);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+}
+
+TEST(ObjCHelper, TextFormatDecodeData_DecodeDataForString_ByteCodes) {
+  string input_for_decode("abcdefghIJ");
+  string desired_output_for_decode;
+  string expected;
+  string result;
+
+  desired_output_for_decode = "abcdefghIJ";
+  expected = string("\x0A\x0", 2);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  desired_output_for_decode = "_AbcdefghIJ";
+  expected = string("\xCA\x0", 2);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  desired_output_for_decode = "ABCD__EfghI_j";
+  expected = string("\x64\x80\xC5\xA1\x0", 5);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Long name so multiple decode ops are needed.
+
+  input_for_decode =
+      "longFieldNameIsLooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong1000";
+  desired_output_for_decode =
+      "long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_1000";
+  expected = string("\x04\xA5\xA4\xA2\xBF\x1F\x0E\x84\x0", 9);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+}
+
+// Death tests do not work on Windows as of yet.
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+TEST(ObjCHelperDeathTest, TextFormatDecodeData_DecodeDataForString_Failures) {
+  // Empty inputs.
+
+  EXPECT_EXIT(TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString("", ""),
+              ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+              "error: got empty string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+  EXPECT_EXIT(TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString("a", ""),
+              ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+              "error: got empty string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+  EXPECT_EXIT(TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString("", "a"),
+              ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+              "error: got empty string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+
+  // Null char in the string.
+
+  string str_with_null_char("ab\0c", 4);
+  EXPECT_EXIT(
+      TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(str_with_null_char, "def"),
+      ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+      "error: got a null char in a string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+  EXPECT_EXIT(
+      TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString("def", str_with_null_char),
+      ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+      "error: got a null char in a string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+}
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+TEST(ObjCHelper, TextFormatDecodeData_RawStrings) {
+  TextFormatDecodeData decode_data;
+
+  // Different data, can't transform.
+  decode_data.AddString(1, "abcdefghIJ", "zbcdefghIJ");
+  decode_data.AddString(3, "abcdefghIJ", "abcdezghIJ");
+  // Shortened data, can't transform.
+  decode_data.AddString(2, "abcdefghIJ", "abcdefghI");
+  // Extra data, can't transform.
+  decode_data.AddString(4, "abcdefghIJ", "abcdefghIJz");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, decode_data.num_entries());
+
+  uint8 expected_data[] = {
+      0x4,
+      0x1, 0x0, 'z', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'I', 'J', 0x0,
+      0x3, 0x0, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'z', 'g', 'h', 'I', 'J', 0x0,
+      0x2, 0x0, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'I', 0x0,
+      0x4, 0x0, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'I', 'J', 'z', 0x0,
+  };
+  string expected((const char*)expected_data, sizeof(expected_data));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, decode_data.Data());
+}
+
+TEST(ObjCHelper, TextFormatDecodeData_ByteCodes) {
+  TextFormatDecodeData decode_data;
+
+  decode_data.AddString(1, "abcdefghIJ", "abcdefghIJ");
+  decode_data.AddString(3, "abcdefghIJ", "_AbcdefghIJ");
+  decode_data.AddString(2, "abcdefghIJ", "Abcd_EfghIJ");
+  decode_data.AddString(4, "abcdefghIJ", "ABCD__EfghI_j");
+  decode_data.AddString(1000,
+                        "longFieldNameIsLooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong1000",
+                        "long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_1000");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, decode_data.num_entries());
+
+  uint8 expected_data[] = {
+      0x5,
+      // All as is (00 op)
+      0x1,  0x0A, 0x0,
+      // Underscore, upper + 9 (10 op)
+      0x3,  0xCA, 0x0,
+      //  Upper + 3 (10 op), underscore, upper + 5 (10 op)
+      0x2,  0x44, 0xC6, 0x0,
+      // All Upper for 4 (11 op), underscore, underscore, upper + 5 (10 op),
+      // underscore, lower + 0 (01 op)
+      0x4,  0x64, 0x80, 0xC5, 0xA1, 0x0,
+      // 2 byte key: as is + 3 (00 op), underscore, lower + 4 (01 op),
+      //   underscore, lower + 3 (01 op), underscore, lower + 1 (01 op),
+      //   underscore, lower + 30 (01 op), as is + 30 (00 op), as is + 13 (00
+      //   op),
+      //   underscore, as is + 3 (00 op)
+      0xE8, 0x07, 0x04, 0xA5, 0xA4, 0xA2, 0xBF, 0x1F, 0x0E, 0x84, 0x0,
+  };
+  string expected((const char*)expected_data, sizeof(expected_data));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, decode_data.Data());
+}
+
+
+// Death tests do not work on Windows as of yet.
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+TEST(ObjCHelperDeathTest, TextFormatDecodeData_Failures) {
+  TextFormatDecodeData decode_data;
+
+  // Empty inputs.
+
+  EXPECT_EXIT(decode_data.AddString(1, "", ""),
+              ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+              "error: got empty string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+  EXPECT_EXIT(decode_data.AddString(1, "a", ""),
+              ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+              "error: got empty string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+  EXPECT_EXIT(decode_data.AddString(1, "", "a"),
+              ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+              "error: got empty string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+
+  // Null char in the string.
+
+  string str_with_null_char("ab\0c", 4);
+  EXPECT_EXIT(
+      decode_data.AddString(1, str_with_null_char, "def"),
+      ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+      "error: got a null char in a string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+  EXPECT_EXIT(
+      decode_data.AddString(1, "def", str_with_null_char),
+      ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+      "error: got a null char in a string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+
+  // Duplicate keys
+
+  decode_data.AddString(1, "abcdefghIJ", "abcdefghIJ");
+  decode_data.AddString(3, "abcdefghIJ", "_AbcdefghIJ");
+  decode_data.AddString(2, "abcdefghIJ", "Abcd_EfghIJ");
+  EXPECT_EXIT(decode_data.AddString(2, "xyz", "x_yz"),
+              ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+              "error: duplicate key \\(2\\) making TextFormat data, input:");
+}
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+// TODO(thomasvl): Should probably add some unittests for all the special cases
+// of name mangling (class name, field name, enum names).  Rather than doing
+// this with an ObjC test in the objectivec directory, we should be able to
+// use src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer* (like other tests) to support a
+// virtual file system to feed in protos, once we have the Descriptor tree, the
+// tests could use the helper methods for generating names and validate the
+// right things are happening.
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6abad8bd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+// MapFieldGenerator uses RepeatedFieldGenerator as the parent because it
+// provides a bunch of things (no has* methods, comments for contained type,
+// etc.).
+
+namespace {
+
+const char* MapEntryTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, bool isKey) {
+  ObjectiveCType type = GetObjectiveCType(descriptor);
+  switch (type) {
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT32:
+      return "Int32";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT32:
+      return "UInt32";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT64:
+      return "Int64";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT64:
+      return "UInt64";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "Float";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "Double";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      return "Bool";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING:
+      return (isKey ? "String" : "Object");
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_DATA:
+      return "Object";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM:
+      return "Enum";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "Object";
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+MapFieldGenerator::MapFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                     const Options& options)
+    : RepeatedFieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* key_descriptor =
+      descriptor->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_descriptor =
+      descriptor->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  value_field_generator_.reset(FieldGenerator::Make(value_descriptor, options));
+
+  // Pull over some variables_ from the value.
+  variables_["field_type"] = value_field_generator_->variable("field_type");
+  variables_["default"] = value_field_generator_->variable("default");
+  variables_["default_name"] = value_field_generator_->variable("default_name");
+
+  // Build custom field flags.
+  std::vector<string> field_flags;
+  field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldMapKey" + GetCapitalizedType(key_descriptor));
+  // Pull over the current text format custom name values that was calculated.
+  if (variables_["fieldflags"].find("GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom") !=
+      string::npos) {
+    field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom");
+  }
+  // Pull over some info from the value's flags.
+  const string& value_field_flags =
+      value_field_generator_->variable("fieldflags");
+  if (value_field_flags.find("GPBFieldHasDefaultValue") != string::npos) {
+    field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldHasDefaultValue");
+  }
+  if (value_field_flags.find("GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor") != string::npos) {
+    field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor");
+  }
+  variables_["fieldflags"] = BuildFlagsString(FLAGTYPE_FIELD, field_flags);
+
+  ObjectiveCType value_objc_type = GetObjectiveCType(value_descriptor);
+  const bool value_is_object_type =
+      ((value_objc_type == OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING) ||
+       (value_objc_type == OBJECTIVECTYPE_DATA) ||
+       (value_objc_type == OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE));
+  if ((GetObjectiveCType(key_descriptor) == OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING) &&
+      value_is_object_type) {
+    variables_["array_storage_type"] = "NSMutableDictionary";
+    variables_["array_property_type"] =
+        "NSMutableDictionary<NSString*, " +
+        value_field_generator_->variable("storage_type") + "*>";
+  } else {
+    string class_name("GPB");
+    class_name += MapEntryTypeName(key_descriptor, true);
+    class_name += MapEntryTypeName(value_descriptor, false);
+    class_name += "Dictionary";
+    variables_["array_storage_type"] = class_name;
+    if (value_is_object_type) {
+      variables_["array_property_type"] =
+          class_name + "<" +
+          value_field_generator_->variable("storage_type") + "*>";
+    }
+  }
+
+  variables_["dataTypeSpecific_name"] =
+      value_field_generator_->variable("dataTypeSpecific_name");
+  variables_["dataTypeSpecific_value"] =
+      value_field_generator_->variable("dataTypeSpecific_value");
+}
+
+MapFieldGenerator::~MapFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::FinishInitialization(void) {
+  RepeatedFieldGenerator::FinishInitialization();
+  // Use the array_comment support in RepeatedFieldGenerator to output what the
+  // values in the map are.
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_descriptor =
+      descriptor_->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  if (GetObjectiveCType(value_descriptor) == OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM) {
+    variables_["array_comment"] =
+        "// |" + variables_["name"] + "| values are |" + value_field_generator_->variable("storage_type") + "|\n";
+  }
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::DetermineForwardDeclarations(
+    std::set<string>* fwd_decls) const {
+  RepeatedFieldGenerator::DetermineForwardDeclarations(fwd_decls);
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_descriptor =
+      descriptor_->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  if (GetObjectiveCType(value_descriptor) == OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    const string& value_storage_type =
+        value_field_generator_->variable("storage_type");
+    fwd_decls->insert("@class " + value_storage_type);
+  }
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3085019e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MAP_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MAP_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class MapFieldGenerator : public RepeatedFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              const Options& options);
+
+ public:
+  virtual void FinishInitialization(void);
+
+  MapFieldGenerator(const MapFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  MapFieldGenerator& operator=(const MapFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+ protected:
+  MapFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options);
+  virtual ~MapFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void DetermineForwardDeclarations(std::set<string>* fwd_decls) const;
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<FieldGenerator> value_field_generator_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MAP_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6731e37a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,609 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+namespace {
+struct FieldOrderingByNumber {
+  inline bool operator()(const FieldDescriptor* a,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* b) const {
+    return a->number() < b->number();
+  }
+};
+
+int OrderGroupForFieldDescriptor(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // The first item in the object structure is our uint32[] for has bits.
+  // We then want to order things to make the instances as small as
+  // possible. So we follow the has bits with:
+  //   1. Anything always 4 bytes - float, *32, enums
+  //   2. Anything that is always a pointer (they will be 8 bytes on 64 bit
+  //      builds and 4 bytes on 32bit builds.
+  //   3. Anything always 8 bytes - double, *64
+  //
+  // NOTE: Bools aren't listed, they were stored in the has bits.
+  //
+  // Why? Using 64bit builds as an example, this means worse case, we have
+  // enough bools that we overflow 1 byte from 4 byte alignment, so 3 bytes
+  // are wasted before the 4 byte values. Then if we have an odd number of
+  // those 4 byte values, the 8 byte values will be pushed down by 32bits to
+  // keep them aligned. But the structure will end 8 byte aligned, so no
+  // waste on the end. If you did the reverse order, you could waste 4 bytes
+  // before the first 8 byte value (after the has array), then a single
+  // bool on the end would need 7 bytes of padding to make the overall
+  // structure 8 byte aligned; so 11 bytes, wasted total.
+
+  // Anything repeated is a GPB*Array/NSArray, so pointer.
+  if (descriptor->is_repeated()) {
+    return 3;
+  }
+
+  switch (descriptor->type()) {
+    // All always 8 bytes.
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return 4;
+
+    // Pointers (string and bytes are NSString and NSData); 8 or 4 bytes
+    // depending on the build architecture.
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return 3;
+
+    // All always 4 bytes (enums are int32s).
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return 2;
+
+    // 0 bytes. Stored in the has bits.
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return 99;  // End of the list (doesn't really matter).
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return 0;
+}
+
+struct FieldOrderingByStorageSize {
+  inline bool operator()(const FieldDescriptor* a,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* b) const {
+    // Order by grouping.
+    const int order_group_a = OrderGroupForFieldDescriptor(a);
+    const int order_group_b = OrderGroupForFieldDescriptor(b);
+    if (order_group_a != order_group_b) {
+      return order_group_a < order_group_b;
+    }
+    // Within the group, order by field number (provides stable ordering).
+    return a->number() < b->number();
+  }
+};
+
+struct ExtensionRangeOrdering {
+  bool operator()(const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* a,
+                  const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* b) const {
+    return a->start < b->start;
+  }
+};
+
+// Sort the fields of the given Descriptor by number into a new[]'d array
+// and return it.
+const FieldDescriptor** SortFieldsByNumber(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  const FieldDescriptor** fields =
+      new const FieldDescriptor* [descriptor->field_count()];
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    fields[i] = descriptor->field(i);
+  }
+  std::sort(fields, fields + descriptor->field_count(), FieldOrderingByNumber());
+  return fields;
+}
+
+// Sort the fields of the given Descriptor by storage size into a new[]'d
+// array and return it.
+const FieldDescriptor** SortFieldsByStorageSize(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  const FieldDescriptor** fields =
+      new const FieldDescriptor* [descriptor->field_count()];
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    fields[i] = descriptor->field(i);
+  }
+  std::sort(fields, fields + descriptor->field_count(),
+       FieldOrderingByStorageSize());
+  return fields;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+MessageGenerator::MessageGenerator(const string& root_classname,
+                                   const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                   const Options& options)
+    : root_classname_(root_classname),
+      descriptor_(descriptor),
+      field_generators_(descriptor, options),
+      class_name_(ClassName(descriptor_)),
+      deprecated_attribute_(
+          GetOptionalDeprecatedAttribute(descriptor, descriptor->file(), false, true)) {
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension_generators_.emplace_back(
+        new ExtensionGenerator(class_name_, descriptor_->extension(i)));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    OneofGenerator* generator = new OneofGenerator(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i));
+    oneof_generators_.emplace_back(generator);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    EnumGenerator* generator = new EnumGenerator(descriptor_->enum_type(i));
+    enum_generators_.emplace_back(generator);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    MessageGenerator* generator =
+        new MessageGenerator(root_classname_,
+                             descriptor_->nested_type(i),
+                             options);
+    nested_message_generators_.emplace_back(generator);
+  }
+}
+
+MessageGenerator::~MessageGenerator() {}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (const auto& generator : extension_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& generator : nested_message_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::DetermineForwardDeclarations(std::set<string>* fwd_decls) {
+  if (!IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* fieldDescriptor = descriptor_->field(i);
+      field_generators_.get(fieldDescriptor)
+          .DetermineForwardDeclarations(fwd_decls);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& generator : nested_message_generators_) {
+    generator->DetermineForwardDeclarations(fwd_decls);
+  }
+}
+
+bool MessageGenerator::IncludesOneOfDefinition() const {
+  if (!oneof_generators_.empty()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& generator : nested_message_generators_) {
+    if (generator->IncludesOneOfDefinition()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateEnumHeader(io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (const auto& generator : enum_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateHeader(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& generator : nested_message_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateEnumHeader(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateExtensionRegistrationSource(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (const auto& generator : extension_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateRegistrationSource(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& generator : nested_message_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateExtensionRegistrationSource(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateMessageHeader(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // This a a map entry message, just recurse and do nothing directly.
+  if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    for (const auto& generator : nested_message_generators_) {
+      generator->GenerateMessageHeader(printer);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "#pragma mark - $classname$\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", class_name_);
+
+  if (descriptor_->field_count()) {
+    std::unique_ptr<const FieldDescriptor*[]> sorted_fields(
+        SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_));
+
+    printer->Print("typedef GPB_ENUM($classname$_FieldNumber) {\n",
+                   "classname", class_name_);
+    printer->Indent();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      field_generators_.get(sorted_fields[i])
+          .GenerateFieldNumberConstant(printer);
+    }
+
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("};\n\n");
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& generator : oneof_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateCaseEnum(printer);
+  }
+
+  string message_comments;
+  SourceLocation location;
+  if (descriptor_->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+    message_comments = BuildCommentsString(location, false);
+  } else {
+    message_comments = "";
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "$comments$$deprecated_attribute$@interface $classname$ : GPBMessage\n\n",
+      "classname", class_name_,
+      "deprecated_attribute", deprecated_attribute_,
+      "comments", message_comments);
+
+  std::vector<char> seen_oneofs(descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(), 0);
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    if (field->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+      const int oneof_index = field->containing_oneof()->index();
+      if (!seen_oneofs[oneof_index]) {
+        seen_oneofs[oneof_index] = 1;
+        oneof_generators_[oneof_index]->GeneratePublicCasePropertyDeclaration(
+            printer);
+      }
+    }
+    field_generators_.get(field).GeneratePropertyDeclaration(printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("@end\n\n");
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+        .GenerateCFunctionDeclarations(printer);
+  }
+
+  if (!oneof_generators_.empty()) {
+    for (const auto& generator : oneof_generators_) {
+      generator->GenerateClearFunctionDeclaration(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print("@interface $classname$ (DynamicMethods)\n\n",
+                   "classname", class_name_);
+    for (const auto& generator : extension_generators_) {
+      generator->GenerateMembersHeader(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Print("@end\n\n");
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& generator : nested_message_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateMessageHeader(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (!IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "#pragma mark - $classname$\n"
+        "\n",
+        "classname", class_name_);
+
+    if (!deprecated_attribute_.empty()) {
+      // No warnings when compiling the impl of this deprecated class.
+      printer->Print(
+          "#pragma clang diagnostic push\n"
+          "#pragma clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-implementations\"\n"
+          "\n");
+    }
+
+    printer->Print("@implementation $classname$\n\n",
+                   "classname", class_name_);
+
+    for (const auto& generator : oneof_generators_) {
+      generator->GeneratePropertyImplementation(printer);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+          .GeneratePropertyImplementation(printer);
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<const FieldDescriptor*[]> sorted_fields(
+        SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_));
+    std::unique_ptr<const FieldDescriptor*[]> size_order_fields(
+        SortFieldsByStorageSize(descriptor_));
+
+    std::vector<const Descriptor::ExtensionRange*> sorted_extensions;
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_range_count(); ++i) {
+      sorted_extensions.push_back(descriptor_->extension_range(i));
+    }
+
+    std::sort(sorted_extensions.begin(), sorted_extensions.end(),
+         ExtensionRangeOrdering());
+
+    // Assign has bits:
+    // 1. FieldGeneratorMap::CalculateHasBits() loops through the fields seeing
+    //    who needs has bits and assigning them.
+    // 2. FieldGenerator::SetOneofIndexBase() overrides has_bit with a negative
+    //    index that groups all the elements in the oneof.
+    size_t num_has_bits = field_generators_.CalculateHasBits();
+    size_t sizeof_has_storage = (num_has_bits + 31) / 32;
+    if (sizeof_has_storage == 0) {
+      // In the case where no field needs has bits, don't let the _has_storage_
+      // end up as zero length (zero length arrays are sort of a grey area
+      // since it has to be at the start of the struct). This also ensures a
+      // field with only oneofs keeps the required negative indices they need.
+      sizeof_has_storage = 1;
+    }
+    // Tell all the fields the oneof base.
+    for (const auto& generator : oneof_generators_) {
+      generator->SetOneofIndexBase(sizeof_has_storage);
+    }
+    field_generators_.SetOneofIndexBase(sizeof_has_storage);
+    // sizeof_has_storage needs enough bits for the single fields that aren't in
+    // any oneof, and then one int32 for each oneof (to store the field number).
+    sizeof_has_storage += descriptor_->oneof_decl_count();
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "\n"
+        "typedef struct $classname$__storage_ {\n"
+        "  uint32_t _has_storage_[$sizeof_has_storage$];\n",
+        "classname", class_name_,
+        "sizeof_has_storage", StrCat(sizeof_has_storage));
+    printer->Indent();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      field_generators_.get(size_order_fields[i])
+          .GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+
+    printer->Print("} $classname$__storage_;\n\n", "classname", class_name_);
+
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called\n"
+        "// in +initialize for each subclass.\n"
+        "+ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {\n"
+        "  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;\n"
+        "  if (!descriptor) {\n");
+
+    TextFormatDecodeData text_format_decode_data;
+    bool has_fields = descriptor_->field_count() > 0;
+    bool need_defaults = field_generators_.DoesAnyFieldHaveNonZeroDefault();
+    string field_description_type;
+    if (need_defaults) {
+      field_description_type = "GPBMessageFieldDescriptionWithDefault";
+    } else {
+      field_description_type = "GPBMessageFieldDescription";
+    }
+    if (has_fields) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "    static $field_description_type$ fields[] = {\n",
+          "field_description_type", field_description_type);
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Indent();
+      for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); ++i) {
+        const FieldGenerator& field_generator =
+            field_generators_.get(sorted_fields[i]);
+        field_generator.GenerateFieldDescription(printer, need_defaults);
+        if (field_generator.needs_textformat_name_support()) {
+          text_format_decode_data.AddString(sorted_fields[i]->number(),
+                                            field_generator.generated_objc_name(),
+                                            field_generator.raw_field_name());
+        }
+      }
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print(
+          "    };\n");
+    }
+
+    std::map<string, string> vars;
+    vars["classname"] = class_name_;
+    vars["rootclassname"] = root_classname_;
+    vars["fields"] = has_fields ? "fields" : "NULL";
+    if (has_fields) {
+      vars["fields_count"] =
+          "(uint32_t)(sizeof(fields) / sizeof(" + field_description_type + "))";
+    } else {
+      vars["fields_count"] = "0";
+    }
+
+    std::vector<string> init_flags;
+    if (need_defaults) {
+      init_flags.push_back("GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_FieldsWithDefault");
+    }
+    if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+      init_flags.push_back("GPBDescriptorInitializationFlag_WireFormat");
+    }
+    vars["init_flags"] = BuildFlagsString(FLAGTYPE_DESCRIPTOR_INITIALIZATION,
+                                          init_flags);
+
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =\n"
+        "        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[$classname$ class]\n"
+        "                                     rootClass:[$rootclassname$ class]\n"
+        "                                          file:$rootclassname$_FileDescriptor()\n"
+        "                                        fields:$fields$\n"
+        "                                    fieldCount:$fields_count$\n"
+        "                                   storageSize:sizeof($classname$__storage_)\n"
+        "                                         flags:$init_flags$];\n");
+    if (oneof_generators_.size() != 0) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "    static const char *oneofs[] = {\n");
+      for (const auto& generator : oneof_generators_) {
+        printer->Print("      \"$name$\",\n", "name",
+                       generator->DescriptorName());
+      }
+      printer->Print(
+          "    };\n"
+          "    [localDescriptor setupOneofs:oneofs\n"
+          "                           count:(uint32_t)(sizeof(oneofs) / sizeof(char*))\n"
+          "                   firstHasIndex:$first_has_index$];\n",
+          "first_has_index", oneof_generators_[0]->HasIndexAsString());
+    }
+    if (text_format_decode_data.num_entries() != 0) {
+      const string text_format_data_str(text_format_decode_data.Data());
+      printer->Print(
+          "#if !GPBOBJC_SKIP_MESSAGE_TEXTFORMAT_EXTRAS\n"
+          "    static const char *extraTextFormatInfo =");
+      static const int kBytesPerLine = 40;  // allow for escaping
+      for (int i = 0; i < text_format_data_str.size(); i += kBytesPerLine) {
+        printer->Print(
+            "\n        \"$data$\"",
+            "data", EscapeTrigraphs(
+                CEscape(text_format_data_str.substr(i, kBytesPerLine))));
+      }
+      printer->Print(
+          ";\n"
+          "    [localDescriptor setupExtraTextInfo:extraTextFormatInfo];\n"
+          "#endif  // !GPBOBJC_SKIP_MESSAGE_TEXTFORMAT_EXTRAS\n");
+    }
+    if (sorted_extensions.size() != 0) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "    static const GPBExtensionRange ranges[] = {\n");
+      for (int i = 0; i < sorted_extensions.size(); i++) {
+        printer->Print("      { .start = $start$, .end = $end$ },\n",
+                       "start", StrCat(sorted_extensions[i]->start),
+                       "end", StrCat(sorted_extensions[i]->end));
+      }
+      printer->Print(
+          "    };\n"
+          "    [localDescriptor setupExtensionRanges:ranges\n"
+          "                                    count:(uint32_t)(sizeof(ranges) / sizeof(GPBExtensionRange))];\n");
+    }
+    if (descriptor_->containing_type() != NULL) {
+      string parent_class_name = ClassName(descriptor_->containing_type());
+      printer->Print(
+          "    [localDescriptor setupContainingMessageClassName:GPBStringifySymbol($parent_name$)];\n",
+          "parent_name", parent_class_name);
+    }
+    string suffix_added;
+    ClassName(descriptor_, &suffix_added);
+    if (suffix_added.size() > 0) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "    [localDescriptor setupMessageClassNameSuffix:@\"$suffix$\"];\n",
+          "suffix", suffix_added);
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "    #if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG\n"
+        "      NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @\"Startup recursed!\");\n"
+        "    #endif  // DEBUG\n"
+        "    descriptor = localDescriptor;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return descriptor;\n"
+        "}\n\n"
+        "@end\n\n");
+
+    if (!deprecated_attribute_.empty()) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "#pragma clang diagnostic pop\n"
+          "\n");
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+          .GenerateCFunctionImplementations(printer);
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& generator : oneof_generators_) {
+      generator->GenerateClearFunctionImplementation(printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& generator : enum_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateSource(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& generator : nested_message_generators_) {
+    generator->GenerateSource(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..55eda0b8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MESSAGE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MESSAGE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class ExtensionGenerator;
+class EnumGenerator;
+
+class MessageGenerator {
+ public:
+  MessageGenerator(const string& root_classname,
+                   const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                   const Options& options);
+  ~MessageGenerator();
+
+  MessageGenerator(const MessageGenerator&) = delete;
+  MessageGenerator& operator=(const MessageGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  void GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateEnumHeader(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateMessageHeader(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateExtensionRegistrationSource(io::Printer* printer);
+  void DetermineForwardDeclarations(std::set<string>* fwd_decls);
+
+  // Checks if the message or a nested message includes a oneof definition.
+  bool IncludesOneOfDefinition() const;
+
+ private:
+  void GenerateParseFromMethodsHeader(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  void GenerateSerializeOneFieldSource(io::Printer* printer,
+                                       const FieldDescriptor* field);
+  void GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRangeSource(
+      io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range);
+
+  void GenerateMessageDescriptionSource(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDescriptionOneFieldSource(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  const string root_classname_;
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  FieldGeneratorMap field_generators_;
+  const string class_name_;
+  const string deprecated_attribute_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExtensionGenerator>> extension_generators_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<EnumGenerator>> enum_generators_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MessageGenerator>> nested_message_generators_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<OneofGenerator>> oneof_generators_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MESSAGE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a0299e7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                         std::map<string, string>* variables) {
+  const string& message_type = ClassName(descriptor->message_type());
+  (*variables)["type"] = message_type;
+  (*variables)["containing_class"] = ClassName(descriptor->containing_type());
+  (*variables)["storage_type"] = message_type;
+  (*variables)["group_or_message"] =
+      (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) ? "Group" : "Message";
+
+  (*variables)["dataTypeSpecific_value"] = "GPBStringifySymbol(" + message_type + ")";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+MessageFieldGenerator::MessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                             const Options& options)
+    : ObjCObjFieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+}
+
+MessageFieldGenerator::~MessageFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::DetermineForwardDeclarations(
+    std::set<string>* fwd_decls) const {
+  ObjCObjFieldGenerator::DetermineForwardDeclarations(fwd_decls);
+  // Class name is already in "storage_type".
+  fwd_decls->insert("@class " + variable("storage_type"));
+}
+
+bool MessageFieldGenerator::WantsHasProperty(void) const {
+  if (descriptor_->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+    // If in a oneof, it uses the oneofcase instead of a has bit.
+    return false;
+  }
+  // In both proto2 & proto3, message fields have a has* property to tell
+  // when it is a non default value.
+  return true;
+}
+
+RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options)
+    : RepeatedFieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+  variables_["array_storage_type"] = "NSMutableArray";
+  variables_["array_property_type"] =
+      "NSMutableArray<" + variables_["storage_type"] + "*>";
+}
+
+RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::~RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::DetermineForwardDeclarations(
+    std::set<string>* fwd_decls) const {
+  RepeatedFieldGenerator::DetermineForwardDeclarations(fwd_decls);
+  // Class name is already in "storage_type".
+  fwd_decls->insert("@class " + variable("storage_type"));
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98d457942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class MessageFieldGenerator : public ObjCObjFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              const Options& options);
+
+ protected:
+  MessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                        const Options& options);
+
+  MessageFieldGenerator(const MessageFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  MessageFieldGenerator& operator=(const MessageFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  virtual ~MessageFieldGenerator();
+  virtual bool WantsHasProperty(void) const;
+
+ public:
+  virtual void DetermineForwardDeclarations(std::set<string>* fwd_decls) const;
+};
+
+class RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator : public RepeatedFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              const Options& options);
+
+ protected:
+  RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                const Options& options);
+  virtual ~RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator();
+
+  RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(const RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator operator=(const RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+ public:
+  virtual void DetermineForwardDeclarations(std::set<string>* fwd_decls) const;
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_nsobject_methods.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_nsobject_methods.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..163304665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_nsobject_methods.h
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+// NSObject methods
+// Autogenerated by method_dump.sh. Do not edit by hand.
+// Date: Thu Nov  1 14:12:16 PDT 2018
+// macOS: MacOSX10.14.sdk
+// iOS: iPhoneSimulator12.1.sdk
+
+const char* const kNSObjectMethodsList[] = {
+	"CAMLType",
+	"CA_copyRenderValue",
+	"CA_prepareRenderValue",
+	"NS_copyCGImage",
+	"NS_tiledLayerVisibleRect",
+	"___tryRetain_OA",
+	"__autorelease_OA",
+	"__dealloc_zombie",
+	"__release_OA",
+	"__retain_OA",
+	"_accessibilityFinalize",
+	"_accessibilityIsTableViewDescendant",
+	"_accessibilityUIElementSpecifier",
+	"_accessibilityUseConvenienceAPI",
+	"_allowsDirectEncoding",
+	"_asScriptTerminologyNameArray",
+	"_asScriptTerminologyNameString",
+	"_bindingAdaptor",
+	"_cfTypeID",
+	"_copyDescription",
+	"_destroyObserverList",
+	"_didEndKeyValueObserving",
+	"_implicitObservationInfo",
+	"_internalAccessibilityAttributedHint",
+	"_internalAccessibilityAttributedLabel",
+	"_internalAccessibilityAttributedValue",
+	"_isAXConnector",
+	"_isAccessibilityContainerSectionCandidate",
+	"_isAccessibilityContentNavigatorSectionCandidate",
+	"_isAccessibilityContentSectionCandidate",
+	"_isAccessibilityTopLevelNavigatorSectionCandidate",
+	"_isDeallocating",
+	"_isKVOA",
+	"_isToManyChangeInformation",
+	"_ivarDescription",
+	"_localClassNameForClass",
+	"_methodDescription",
+	"_observerStorage",
+	"_overrideUseFastBlockObservers",
+	"_propertyDescription",
+	"_releaseBindingAdaptor",
+	"_scriptingCount",
+	"_scriptingCountNonrecursively",
+	"_scriptingDebugDescription",
+	"_scriptingExists",
+	"_scriptingShouldCheckObjectIndexes",
+	"_shortMethodDescription",
+	"_shouldSearchChildrenForSection",
+	"_traitStorageList",
+	"_tryRetain",
+	"_ui_descriptionBuilder",
+	"_uikit_variesByTraitCollections",
+	"_web_description",
+	"_webkit_invokeOnMainThread",
+	"_willBeginKeyValueObserving",
+	"accessibilityActivate",
+	"accessibilityActivationPoint",
+	"accessibilityAllowsOverriddenAttributesWhenIgnored",
+	"accessibilityAssistiveTechnologyFocusedIdentifiers",
+	"accessibilityAttributedHint",
+	"accessibilityAttributedLabel",
+	"accessibilityAttributedValue",
+	"accessibilityContainer",
+	"accessibilityContainerType",
+	"accessibilityCustomActions",
+	"accessibilityCustomRotors",
+	"accessibilityDecrement",
+	"accessibilityDragSourceDescriptors",
+	"accessibilityDropPointDescriptors",
+	"accessibilityElementCount",
+	"accessibilityElementDidBecomeFocused",
+	"accessibilityElementDidLoseFocus",
+	"accessibilityElementIsFocused",
+	"accessibilityElements",
+	"accessibilityElementsHidden",
+	"accessibilityFrame",
+	"accessibilityHeaderElements",
+	"accessibilityHint",
+	"accessibilityIdentification",
+	"accessibilityIdentifier",
+	"accessibilityIncrement",
+	"accessibilityLabel",
+	"accessibilityLanguage",
+	"accessibilityLocalizedStringKey",
+	"accessibilityNavigationStyle",
+	"accessibilityOverriddenAttributes",
+	"accessibilityParameterizedAttributeNames",
+	"accessibilityPath",
+	"accessibilityPerformEscape",
+	"accessibilityPerformMagicTap",
+	"accessibilityPresenterProcessIdentifier",
+	"accessibilityShouldUseUniqueId",
+	"accessibilitySupportsNotifications",
+	"accessibilitySupportsOverriddenAttributes",
+	"accessibilityTemporaryChildren",
+	"accessibilityTraits",
+	"accessibilityValue",
+	"accessibilityViewIsModal",
+	"accessibilityVisibleArea",
+	"allPropertyKeys",
+	"allowsWeakReference",
+	"attributeKeys",
+	"autoContentAccessingProxy",
+	"autorelease",
+	"awakeFromNib",
+	"boolValueSafe",
+	"bs_encoded",
+	"bs_isPlistableType",
+	"bs_secureEncoded",
+	"cl_json_serializeKey",
+	"class",
+	"classCode",
+	"classDescription",
+	"classForArchiver",
+	"classForCoder",
+	"classForKeyedArchiver",
+	"classForPortCoder",
+	"className",
+	"clearProperties",
+	"copy",
+	"dealloc",
+	"debugDescription",
+	"defaultAccessibilityTraits",
+	"description",
+	"doubleValueSafe",
+	"entityName",
+	"exposedBindings",
+	"finalize",
+	"finishObserving",
+	"flushKeyBindings",
+	"hash",
+	"init",
+	"int64ValueSafe",
+	"isAccessibilityElement",
+	"isAccessibilityElementByDefault",
+	"isElementAccessibilityExposedToInterfaceBuilder",
+	"isFault",
+	"isNSArray__",
+	"isNSCFConstantString__",
+	"isNSData__",
+	"isNSDate__",
+	"isNSDictionary__",
+	"isNSNumber__",
+	"isNSObject__",
+	"isNSOrderedSet__",
+	"isNSSet__",
+	"isNSString__",
+	"isNSTimeZone__",
+	"isNSValue__",
+	"isProxy",
+	"mutableCopy",
+	"nilValueForKey",
+	"objectSpecifier",
+	"observationInfo",
+	"pep_onDetachedThread",
+	"pep_onMainThread",
+	"pep_onMainThreadIfNecessary",
+	"prepareForInterfaceBuilder",
+	"release",
+	"releaseOnMainThread",
+	"retain",
+	"retainCount",
+	"retainWeakReference",
+	"scriptingProperties",
+	"self",
+	"shouldGroupAccessibilityChildren",
+	"storedAccessibilityActivationPoint",
+	"storedAccessibilityContainerType",
+	"storedAccessibilityElementsHidden",
+	"storedAccessibilityFrame",
+	"storedAccessibilityNavigationStyle",
+	"storedAccessibilityTraits",
+	"storedAccessibilityViewIsModal",
+	"storedIsAccessibilityElement",
+	"storedShouldGroupAccessibilityChildren",
+	"stringValueSafe",
+	"superclass",
+	"toManyRelationshipKeys",
+	"toOneRelationshipKeys",
+	"traitStorageList",
+	"un_safeBoolValue",
+	"userInterfaceItemIdentifier",
+	"utf8ValueSafe",
+	"valuesForKeysWithDictionary",
+	"zone",
+// Protocol: CAAnimatableValue
+// Protocol: CARenderValue
+// Protocol: NSObject
+// Protocol: ROCKRemoteInvocationInterface
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b37c4e94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+OneofGenerator::OneofGenerator(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor) {
+  variables_["enum_name"] = OneofEnumName(descriptor_);
+  variables_["name"] = OneofName(descriptor_);
+  variables_["capitalized_name"] = OneofNameCapitalized(descriptor_);
+  variables_["raw_index"] = StrCat(descriptor_->index());
+  const Descriptor* msg_descriptor = descriptor_->containing_type();
+  variables_["owning_message_class"] = ClassName(msg_descriptor);
+
+  string comments;
+  SourceLocation location;
+  if (descriptor_->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+    comments = BuildCommentsString(location, true);
+  } else {
+    comments = "";
+  }
+  variables_["comments"] = comments;
+}
+
+OneofGenerator::~OneofGenerator() {}
+
+void OneofGenerator::SetOneofIndexBase(int index_base) {
+  int index = descriptor_->index() + index_base;
+  // Flip the sign to mark it as a oneof.
+  variables_["index"] = StrCat(-index);
+}
+
+void OneofGenerator::GenerateCaseEnum(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "typedef GPB_ENUM($enum_name$) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$enum_name$_GPBUnsetOneOfCase = 0,\n");
+  string enum_name = variables_["enum_name"];
+  for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->field_count(); j++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(j);
+    string field_name = FieldNameCapitalized(field);
+    printer->Print(
+        "$enum_name$_$field_name$ = $field_number$,\n",
+        "enum_name", enum_name,
+        "field_name", field_name,
+        "field_number", StrCat(field->number()));
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "};\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void OneofGenerator::GeneratePublicCasePropertyDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$comments$"
+      "@property(nonatomic, readonly) $enum_name$ $name$OneOfCase;\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void OneofGenerator::GenerateClearFunctionDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "/**\n"
+      " * Clears whatever value was set for the oneof '$name$'.\n"
+      " **/\n"
+      "void $owning_message_class$_Clear$capitalized_name$OneOfCase($owning_message_class$ *message);\n");
+}
+
+void OneofGenerator::GeneratePropertyImplementation(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@dynamic $name$OneOfCase;\n");
+}
+
+void OneofGenerator::GenerateClearFunctionImplementation(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "void $owning_message_class$_Clear$capitalized_name$OneOfCase($owning_message_class$ *message) {\n"
+      "  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [message descriptor];\n"
+      "  GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof = [descriptor.oneofs objectAtIndex:$raw_index$];\n"
+      "  GPBMaybeClearOneof(message, oneof, $index$, 0);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+string OneofGenerator::DescriptorName(void) const {
+  return variables_.find("name")->second;
+}
+
+string OneofGenerator::HasIndexAsString(void) const {
+  return variables_.find("index")->second;
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..852ef0224
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.h
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ONEOF_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ONEOF_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class OneofGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit OneofGenerator(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor);
+  ~OneofGenerator();
+
+  OneofGenerator(const OneofGenerator&) = delete;
+  OneofGenerator& operator=(const OneofGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  void SetOneofIndexBase(int index_base);
+
+  void GenerateCaseEnum(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  void GeneratePublicCasePropertyDeclaration(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateClearFunctionDeclaration(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  void GeneratePropertyImplementation(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateClearFunctionImplementation(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  string DescriptorName(void) const;
+  string HasIndexAsString(void) const;
+
+ private:
+  const OneofDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::map<string, string> variables_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ONEOF_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0511b37dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+namespace {
+
+const char* PrimitiveTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  ObjectiveCType type = GetObjectiveCType(descriptor);
+  switch (type) {
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT32:
+      return "int32_t";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT32:
+      return "uint32_t";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT64:
+      return "int64_t";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT64:
+      return "uint64_t";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "float";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "double";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      return "BOOL";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING:
+      return "NSString";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_DATA:
+      return "NSData";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM:
+      return "int32_t";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return NULL;  // Messages go through objectivec_message_field.cc|h.
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+const char* PrimitiveArrayTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  ObjectiveCType type = GetObjectiveCType(descriptor);
+  switch (type) {
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT32:
+      return "Int32";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT32:
+      return "UInt32";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT64:
+      return "Int64";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT64:
+      return "UInt64";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "Float";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "Double";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      return "Bool";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING:
+      return "";  // Want NSArray
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_DATA:
+      return "";  // Want NSArray
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM:
+      return "Enum";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      // Want NSArray (but goes through objectivec_message_field.cc|h).
+      return "";
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+void SetPrimitiveVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                           std::map<string, string>* variables) {
+  std::string primitive_name = PrimitiveTypeName(descriptor);
+  (*variables)["type"] = primitive_name;
+  (*variables)["storage_type"] = primitive_name;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+PrimitiveFieldGenerator::PrimitiveFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options)
+    : SingleFieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+}
+
+PrimitiveFieldGenerator::~PrimitiveFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (GetObjectiveCType(descriptor_) == OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN) {
+    // Nothing, BOOLs are stored in the has bits.
+  } else {
+    SingleFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+int PrimitiveFieldGenerator::ExtraRuntimeHasBitsNeeded(void) const {
+  if (GetObjectiveCType(descriptor_) == OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN) {
+    // Reserve a bit for the storage of the boolean.
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::SetExtraRuntimeHasBitsBase(int has_base) {
+  if (GetObjectiveCType(descriptor_) == OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN) {
+    // Set into the offset the has bit to use for the actual value.
+    variables_["storage_offset_value"] = StrCat(has_base);
+    variables_["storage_offset_comment"] =
+        "  // Stored in _has_storage_ to save space.";
+  }
+}
+
+PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator::PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options)
+    : ObjCObjFieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+  variables_["property_storage_attribute"] = "copy";
+}
+
+PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator::~PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator() {}
+
+RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Options& options)
+    : RepeatedFieldGenerator(descriptor, options) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+
+  string base_name = PrimitiveArrayTypeName(descriptor);
+  if (base_name.length()) {
+    variables_["array_storage_type"] = "GPB" + base_name + "Array";
+  } else {
+    variables_["array_storage_type"] = "NSMutableArray";
+    variables_["array_property_type"] =
+        "NSMutableArray<" + variables_["storage_type"] + "*>";
+  }
+}
+
+RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::~RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator() {}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..642f2d632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class PrimitiveFieldGenerator : public SingleFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              const Options& options);
+
+ protected:
+  PrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                          const Options& options);
+  virtual ~PrimitiveFieldGenerator();
+
+  PrimitiveFieldGenerator(const PrimitiveFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  PrimitiveFieldGenerator& operator=(const PrimitiveFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+
+  virtual void GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  virtual int ExtraRuntimeHasBitsNeeded(void) const;
+  virtual void SetExtraRuntimeHasBitsBase(int index_base);
+};
+
+class PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator : public ObjCObjFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              const Options& options);
+
+ protected:
+  PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             const Options& options);
+  virtual ~PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator();
+
+  PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator(const PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+  PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator& operator=(const PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator&) =
+      delete;
+};
+
+class RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator : public RepeatedFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              const Options& options);
+
+ protected:
+  RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                  const Options& options);
+  virtual ~RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator();
+
+  RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(const RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator&) =
+      delete;
+  RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator& operator=(
+      const RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator&) = delete;
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/package_info.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/package_info.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..105ef601a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/package_info.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file exists solely to document the google::protobuf::compiler namespace.
+// It is not compiled into anything, but it may be read by an automated
+// documentation generator.
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Implementation of the Protocol Buffer compiler.
+//
+// This package contains code for parsing .proto files and generating code
+// based on them.  There are two reasons you might be interested in this
+// package:
+// - You want to parse .proto files at runtime.  In this case, you should
+//   look at importer.h.  Since this functionality is widely useful, it is
+//   included in the libprotobuf base library; you do not have to link against
+//   libprotoc.
+// - You want to write a custom protocol compiler which generates different
+//   kinds of code, e.g. code in a different language which is not supported
+//   by the official compiler.  For this purpose, command_line_interface.h
+//   provides you with a complete compiler front-end, so all you need to do
+//   is write a custom implementation of CodeGenerator and a trivial main()
+//   function.  You can even make your compiler support the official languages
+//   in addition to your own.  Since this functionality is only useful to those
+//   writing custom compilers, it is in a separate library called "libprotoc"
+//   which you will have to link against.
+namespace compiler {}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5bd0a454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2398 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Recursive descent FTW.
+
+#include <float.h>
+#include <limits>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+
+namespace {
+
+typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, FieldDescriptorProto::Type> TypeNameMap;
+
+TypeNameMap MakeTypeNameTable() {
+  TypeNameMap result;
+
+  result["double"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_DOUBLE;
+  result["float"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_FLOAT;
+  result["uint64"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_UINT64;
+  result["fixed64"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_FIXED64;
+  result["fixed32"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_FIXED32;
+  result["bool"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_BOOL;
+  result["string"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_STRING;
+  result["group"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_GROUP;
+
+  result["bytes"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_BYTES;
+  result["uint32"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_UINT32;
+  result["sfixed32"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_SFIXED32;
+  result["sfixed64"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_SFIXED64;
+  result["int32"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32;
+  result["int64"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT64;
+  result["sint32"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_SINT32;
+  result["sint64"] = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_SINT64;
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+const TypeNameMap kTypeNames = MakeTypeNameTable();
+
+// Camel-case the field name and append "Entry" for generated map entry name.
+// e.g. map<KeyType, ValueType> foo_map => FooMapEntry
+std::string MapEntryName(const std::string& field_name) {
+  std::string result;
+  static const char kSuffix[] = "Entry";
+  result.reserve(field_name.size() + sizeof(kSuffix));
+  bool cap_next = true;
+  for (int i = 0; i < field_name.size(); ++i) {
+    if (field_name[i] == '_') {
+      cap_next = true;
+    } else if (cap_next) {
+      // Note: Do not use ctype.h due to locales.
+      if ('a' <= field_name[i] && field_name[i] <= 'z') {
+        result.push_back(field_name[i] - 'a' + 'A');
+      } else {
+        result.push_back(field_name[i]);
+      }
+      cap_next = false;
+    } else {
+      result.push_back(field_name[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  result.append(kSuffix);
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool IsUppercase(char c) { return c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'; }
+
+bool IsLowercase(char c) { return c >= 'a' && c <= 'z'; }
+
+bool IsNumber(char c) { return c >= '0' && c <= '9'; }
+
+bool IsUpperCamelCase(const std::string& name) {
+  if (name.empty()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  // Name must start with an upper case character.
+  if (!IsUppercase(name[0])) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Must not contains underscore.
+  for (int i = 1; i < name.length(); i++) {
+    if (name[i] == '_') {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool IsUpperUnderscore(const std::string& name) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < name.length(); i++) {
+    const char c = name[i];
+    if (!IsUppercase(c) && c != '_' && !IsNumber(c)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool IsLowerUnderscore(const std::string& name) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < name.length(); i++) {
+    const char c = name[i];
+    if (!IsLowercase(c) && c != '_' && !IsNumber(c)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool IsNumberFollowUnderscore(const std::string& name) {
+  for (int i = 1; i < name.length(); i++) {
+    const char c = name[i];
+    if (IsNumber(c) && name[i - 1] == '_') {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+// Makes code slightly more readable.  The meaning of "DO(foo)" is
+// "Execute foo and fail if it fails.", where failure is indicated by
+// returning false.
+#define DO(STATEMENT) \
+  if (STATEMENT) {    \
+  } else              \
+    return false
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+Parser::Parser()
+    : input_(NULL),
+      error_collector_(NULL),
+      source_location_table_(NULL),
+      had_errors_(false),
+      require_syntax_identifier_(false),
+      stop_after_syntax_identifier_(false) {
+}
+
+Parser::~Parser() {}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+inline bool Parser::LookingAt(const char* text) {
+  return input_->current().text == text;
+}
+
+inline bool Parser::LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TokenType token_type) {
+  return input_->current().type == token_type;
+}
+
+inline bool Parser::AtEnd() { return LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_END); }
+
+bool Parser::TryConsume(const char* text) {
+  if (LookingAt(text)) {
+    input_->Next();
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::Consume(const char* text, const char* error) {
+  if (TryConsume(text)) {
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    AddError(error);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::Consume(const char* text) {
+  if (TryConsume(text)) {
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    AddError("Expected \"" + std::string(text) + "\".");
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::ConsumeIdentifier(std::string* output, const char* error) {
+  if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER)) {
+    *output = input_->current().text;
+    input_->Next();
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    AddError(error);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::ConsumeInteger(int* output, const char* error) {
+  if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER)) {
+    uint64 value = 0;
+    if (!io::Tokenizer::ParseInteger(input_->current().text, kint32max,
+                                     &value)) {
+      AddError("Integer out of range.");
+      // We still return true because we did, in fact, parse an integer.
+    }
+    *output = value;
+    input_->Next();
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    AddError(error);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::ConsumeSignedInteger(int* output, const char* error) {
+  bool is_negative = false;
+  uint64 max_value = kint32max;
+  if (TryConsume("-")) {
+    is_negative = true;
+    max_value += 1;
+  }
+  uint64 value = 0;
+  DO(ConsumeInteger64(max_value, &value, error));
+  if (is_negative) value *= -1;
+  *output = value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ConsumeInteger64(uint64 max_value, uint64* output,
+                              const char* error) {
+  if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER)) {
+    if (!io::Tokenizer::ParseInteger(input_->current().text, max_value,
+                                     output)) {
+      AddError("Integer out of range.");
+      // We still return true because we did, in fact, parse an integer.
+      *output = 0;
+    }
+    input_->Next();
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    AddError(error);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::ConsumeNumber(double* output, const char* error) {
+  if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT)) {
+    *output = io::Tokenizer::ParseFloat(input_->current().text);
+    input_->Next();
+    return true;
+  } else if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER)) {
+    // Also accept integers.
+    uint64 value = 0;
+    if (!io::Tokenizer::ParseInteger(input_->current().text, kuint64max,
+                                     &value)) {
+      AddError("Integer out of range.");
+      // We still return true because we did, in fact, parse a number.
+    }
+    *output = value;
+    input_->Next();
+    return true;
+  } else if (LookingAt("inf")) {
+    *output = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+    input_->Next();
+    return true;
+  } else if (LookingAt("nan")) {
+    *output = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+    input_->Next();
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    AddError(error);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::ConsumeString(std::string* output, const char* error) {
+  if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING)) {
+    io::Tokenizer::ParseString(input_->current().text, output);
+    input_->Next();
+    // Allow C++ like concatenation of adjacent string tokens.
+    while (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING)) {
+      io::Tokenizer::ParseStringAppend(input_->current().text, output);
+      input_->Next();
+    }
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    AddError(error);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(const char* text,
+                                        const LocationRecorder* location) {
+  if (LookingAt(text)) {
+    std::string leading, trailing;
+    std::vector<std::string> detached;
+    input_->NextWithComments(&trailing, &detached, &leading);
+
+    // Save the leading comments for next time, and recall the leading comments
+    // from last time.
+    leading.swap(upcoming_doc_comments_);
+
+    if (location != NULL) {
+      upcoming_detached_comments_.swap(detached);
+      location->AttachComments(&leading, &trailing, &detached);
+    } else if (strcmp(text, "}") == 0) {
+      // If the current location is null and we are finishing the current scope,
+      // drop pending upcoming detached comments.
+      upcoming_detached_comments_.swap(detached);
+    } else {
+      // Otherwise, append the new detached comments to the existing upcoming
+      // detached comments.
+      upcoming_detached_comments_.insert(upcoming_detached_comments_.end(),
+                                         detached.begin(), detached.end());
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(const char* text,
+                                     const LocationRecorder* location) {
+  if (TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(text, location)) {
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    AddError("Expected \"" + std::string(text) + "\".");
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void Parser::AddError(int line, int column, const std::string& error) {
+  if (error_collector_ != NULL) {
+    error_collector_->AddError(line, column, error);
+  }
+  had_errors_ = true;
+}
+
+void Parser::AddError(const std::string& error) {
+  AddError(input_->current().line, input_->current().column, error);
+}
+
+void Parser::AddWarning(const std::string& warning) {
+  if (error_collector_ != nullptr) {
+    error_collector_->AddWarning(input_->current().line,
+                                 input_->current().column, warning);
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Parser::LocationRecorder::LocationRecorder(Parser* parser)
+    : parser_(parser),
+      source_code_info_(parser->source_code_info_),
+      location_(parser_->source_code_info_->add_location()) {
+  location_->add_span(parser_->input_->current().line);
+  location_->add_span(parser_->input_->current().column);
+}
+
+Parser::LocationRecorder::LocationRecorder(const LocationRecorder& parent) {
+  Init(parent, parent.source_code_info_);
+}
+
+Parser::LocationRecorder::LocationRecorder(const LocationRecorder& parent,
+                                           int path1,
+                                           SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info) {
+  Init(parent, source_code_info);
+  AddPath(path1);
+}
+
+Parser::LocationRecorder::LocationRecorder(const LocationRecorder& parent,
+                                           int path1) {
+  Init(parent, parent.source_code_info_);
+  AddPath(path1);
+}
+
+Parser::LocationRecorder::LocationRecorder(const LocationRecorder& parent,
+                                           int path1, int path2) {
+  Init(parent, parent.source_code_info_);
+  AddPath(path1);
+  AddPath(path2);
+}
+
+void Parser::LocationRecorder::Init(const LocationRecorder& parent,
+                                    SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info) {
+  parser_ = parent.parser_;
+  source_code_info_ = source_code_info;
+
+  location_ = source_code_info_->add_location();
+  location_->mutable_path()->CopyFrom(parent.location_->path());
+
+  location_->add_span(parser_->input_->current().line);
+  location_->add_span(parser_->input_->current().column);
+}
+
+Parser::LocationRecorder::~LocationRecorder() {
+  if (location_->span_size() <= 2) {
+    EndAt(parser_->input_->previous());
+  }
+}
+
+void Parser::LocationRecorder::AddPath(int path_component) {
+  location_->add_path(path_component);
+}
+
+void Parser::LocationRecorder::StartAt(const io::Tokenizer::Token& token) {
+  location_->set_span(0, token.line);
+  location_->set_span(1, token.column);
+}
+
+void Parser::LocationRecorder::StartAt(const LocationRecorder& other) {
+  location_->set_span(0, other.location_->span(0));
+  location_->set_span(1, other.location_->span(1));
+}
+
+void Parser::LocationRecorder::EndAt(const io::Tokenizer::Token& token) {
+  if (token.line != location_->span(0)) {
+    location_->add_span(token.line);
+  }
+  location_->add_span(token.end_column);
+}
+
+void Parser::LocationRecorder::RecordLegacyLocation(
+    const Message* descriptor,
+    DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location) {
+  if (parser_->source_location_table_ != NULL) {
+    parser_->source_location_table_->Add(
+        descriptor, location, location_->span(0), location_->span(1));
+  }
+}
+
+void Parser::LocationRecorder::RecordLegacyImportLocation(
+    const Message* descriptor, const std::string& name) {
+  if (parser_->source_location_table_ != nullptr) {
+    parser_->source_location_table_->AddImport(
+        descriptor, name, location_->span(0), location_->span(1));
+  }
+}
+
+int Parser::LocationRecorder::CurrentPathSize() const {
+  return location_->path_size();
+}
+
+void Parser::LocationRecorder::AttachComments(
+    std::string* leading, std::string* trailing,
+    std::vector<std::string>* detached_comments) const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!location_->has_leading_comments());
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!location_->has_trailing_comments());
+
+  if (!leading->empty()) {
+    location_->mutable_leading_comments()->swap(*leading);
+  }
+  if (!trailing->empty()) {
+    location_->mutable_trailing_comments()->swap(*trailing);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < detached_comments->size(); ++i) {
+    location_->add_leading_detached_comments()->swap((*detached_comments)[i]);
+  }
+  detached_comments->clear();
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void Parser::SkipStatement() {
+  while (true) {
+    if (AtEnd()) {
+      return;
+    } else if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_SYMBOL)) {
+      if (TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", NULL)) {
+        return;
+      } else if (TryConsume("{")) {
+        SkipRestOfBlock();
+        return;
+      } else if (LookingAt("}")) {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    input_->Next();
+  }
+}
+
+void Parser::SkipRestOfBlock() {
+  while (true) {
+    if (AtEnd()) {
+      return;
+    } else if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_SYMBOL)) {
+      if (TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration("}", NULL)) {
+        return;
+      } else if (TryConsume("{")) {
+        SkipRestOfBlock();
+      }
+    }
+    input_->Next();
+  }
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+bool Parser::ValidateEnum(const EnumDescriptorProto* proto) {
+  bool has_allow_alias = false;
+  bool allow_alias = false;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto->options().uninterpreted_option_size(); i++) {
+    const UninterpretedOption option = proto->options().uninterpreted_option(i);
+    if (option.name_size() > 1) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!option.name(0).is_extension() &&
+        option.name(0).name_part() == "allow_alias") {
+      has_allow_alias = true;
+      if (option.identifier_value() == "true") {
+        allow_alias = true;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (has_allow_alias && !allow_alias) {
+    std::string error =
+        "\"" + proto->name() +
+        "\" declares 'option allow_alias = false;' which has no effect. "
+        "Please remove the declaration.";
+    // This needlessly clutters declarations with nops.
+    AddError(error);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  std::set<int> used_values;
+  bool has_duplicates = false;
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto->value_size(); ++i) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptorProto& enum_value = proto->value(i);
+    if (used_values.find(enum_value.number()) != used_values.end()) {
+      has_duplicates = true;
+      break;
+    } else {
+      used_values.insert(enum_value.number());
+    }
+  }
+  if (allow_alias && !has_duplicates) {
+    std::string error =
+        "\"" + proto->name() +
+        "\" declares support for enum aliases but no enum values share field "
+        "numbers. Please remove the unnecessary 'option allow_alias = true;' "
+        "declaration.";
+    // Generate an error if an enum declares support for duplicate enum values
+    // and does not use it protect future authors.
+    AddError(error);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Enforce that enum constants must be UPPER_CASE except in case of
+  // enum_alias.
+  if (!allow_alias) {
+    for (const auto& enum_value : proto->value()) {
+      if (!IsUpperUnderscore(enum_value.name())) {
+        AddWarning(
+            "Enum constant should be in UPPER_CASE. Found: " +
+            enum_value.name() +
+            ". See https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/style");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::Parse(io::Tokenizer* input, FileDescriptorProto* file) {
+  input_ = input;
+  had_errors_ = false;
+  syntax_identifier_.clear();
+
+  // Note that |file| could be NULL at this point if
+  // stop_after_syntax_identifier_ is true.  So, we conservatively allocate
+  // SourceCodeInfo on the stack, then swap it into the FileDescriptorProto
+  // later on.
+  SourceCodeInfo source_code_info;
+  source_code_info_ = &source_code_info;
+
+  if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_START)) {
+    // Advance to first token.
+    input_->NextWithComments(NULL, &upcoming_detached_comments_,
+                             &upcoming_doc_comments_);
+  }
+
+  {
+    LocationRecorder root_location(this);
+    root_location.RecordLegacyLocation(file,
+                                       DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OTHER);
+
+    if (require_syntax_identifier_ || LookingAt("syntax")) {
+      if (!ParseSyntaxIdentifier(root_location)) {
+        // Don't attempt to parse the file if we didn't recognize the syntax
+        // identifier.
+        return false;
+      }
+      // Store the syntax into the file.
+      if (file != NULL) file->set_syntax(syntax_identifier_);
+    } else if (!stop_after_syntax_identifier_) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "No syntax specified for the proto file: " << file->name()
+                   << ". Please use 'syntax = \"proto2\";' "
+                   << "or 'syntax = \"proto3\";' to specify a syntax "
+                   << "version. (Defaulted to proto2 syntax.)";
+      syntax_identifier_ = "proto2";
+    }
+
+    if (stop_after_syntax_identifier_) return !had_errors_;
+
+    // Repeatedly parse statements until we reach the end of the file.
+    while (!AtEnd()) {
+      if (!ParseTopLevelStatement(file, root_location)) {
+        // This statement failed to parse.  Skip it, but keep looping to parse
+        // other statements.
+        SkipStatement();
+
+        if (LookingAt("}")) {
+          AddError("Unmatched \"}\".");
+          input_->NextWithComments(NULL, &upcoming_detached_comments_,
+                                   &upcoming_doc_comments_);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  input_ = NULL;
+  source_code_info_ = NULL;
+  assert(file != NULL);
+  source_code_info.Swap(file->mutable_source_code_info());
+  return !had_errors_;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseSyntaxIdentifier(const LocationRecorder& parent) {
+  LocationRecorder syntax_location(parent,
+                                   FileDescriptorProto::kSyntaxFieldNumber);
+  DO(Consume(
+      "syntax",
+      "File must begin with a syntax statement, e.g. 'syntax = \"proto2\";'."));
+  DO(Consume("="));
+  io::Tokenizer::Token syntax_token = input_->current();
+  std::string syntax;
+  DO(ConsumeString(&syntax, "Expected syntax identifier."));
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &syntax_location));
+
+  syntax_identifier_ = syntax;
+
+  if (syntax != "proto2" && syntax != "proto3" &&
+      !stop_after_syntax_identifier_) {
+    AddError(syntax_token.line, syntax_token.column,
+             "Unrecognized syntax identifier \"" + syntax +
+                 "\".  This parser "
+                 "only recognizes \"proto2\" and \"proto3\".");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseTopLevelStatement(FileDescriptorProto* file,
+                                    const LocationRecorder& root_location) {
+  if (TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", NULL)) {
+    // empty statement; ignore
+    return true;
+  } else if (LookingAt("message")) {
+    LocationRecorder location(root_location,
+                              FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber,
+                              file->message_type_size());
+    return ParseMessageDefinition(file->add_message_type(), location, file);
+  } else if (LookingAt("enum")) {
+    LocationRecorder location(root_location,
+                              FileDescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber,
+                              file->enum_type_size());
+    return ParseEnumDefinition(file->add_enum_type(), location, file);
+  } else if (LookingAt("service")) {
+    LocationRecorder location(root_location,
+                              FileDescriptorProto::kServiceFieldNumber,
+                              file->service_size());
+    return ParseServiceDefinition(file->add_service(), location, file);
+  } else if (LookingAt("extend")) {
+    LocationRecorder location(root_location,
+                              FileDescriptorProto::kExtensionFieldNumber);
+    return ParseExtend(
+        file->mutable_extension(), file->mutable_message_type(), root_location,
+        FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber, location, file);
+  } else if (LookingAt("import")) {
+    return ParseImport(file->mutable_dependency(),
+                       file->mutable_public_dependency(),
+                       file->mutable_weak_dependency(), root_location, file);
+  } else if (LookingAt("package")) {
+    return ParsePackage(file, root_location, file);
+  } else if (LookingAt("option")) {
+    LocationRecorder location(root_location,
+                              FileDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber);
+    return ParseOption(file->mutable_options(), location, file,
+                       OPTION_STATEMENT);
+  } else {
+    AddError("Expected top-level statement (e.g. \"message\").");
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Messages
+
+bool Parser::ParseMessageDefinition(
+    DescriptorProto* message, const LocationRecorder& message_location,
+    const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  DO(Consume("message"));
+  {
+    LocationRecorder location(message_location,
+                              DescriptorProto::kNameFieldNumber);
+    location.RecordLegacyLocation(message,
+                                  DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME);
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(message->mutable_name(), "Expected message name."));
+    if (!IsUpperCamelCase(message->name())) {
+      AddWarning(
+          "Message name should be in UpperCamelCase. Found: " +
+          message->name() +
+          ". See https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/style");
+    }
+  }
+  DO(ParseMessageBlock(message, message_location, containing_file));
+  return true;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+const int kMaxRangeSentinel = -1;
+
+bool IsMessageSetWireFormatMessage(const DescriptorProto& message) {
+  const MessageOptions& options = message.options();
+  for (int i = 0; i < options.uninterpreted_option_size(); ++i) {
+    const UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted = options.uninterpreted_option(i);
+    if (uninterpreted.name_size() == 1 &&
+        uninterpreted.name(0).name_part() == "message_set_wire_format" &&
+        uninterpreted.identifier_value() == "true") {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Modifies any extension ranges that specified 'max' as the end of the
+// extension range, and sets them to the type-specific maximum. The actual max
+// tag number can only be determined after all options have been parsed.
+void AdjustExtensionRangesWithMaxEndNumber(DescriptorProto* message) {
+  const bool is_message_set = IsMessageSetWireFormatMessage(*message);
+  const int max_extension_number =
+      is_message_set ? kint32max : FieldDescriptor::kMaxNumber + 1;
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->extension_range_size(); ++i) {
+    if (message->extension_range(i).end() == kMaxRangeSentinel) {
+      message->mutable_extension_range(i)->set_end(max_extension_number);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Modifies any reserved ranges that specified 'max' as the end of the
+// reserved range, and sets them to the type-specific maximum. The actual max
+// tag number can only be determined after all options have been parsed.
+void AdjustReservedRangesWithMaxEndNumber(DescriptorProto* message) {
+  const bool is_message_set = IsMessageSetWireFormatMessage(*message);
+  const int max_field_number =
+      is_message_set ? kint32max : FieldDescriptor::kMaxNumber + 1;
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->reserved_range_size(); ++i) {
+    if (message->reserved_range(i).end() == kMaxRangeSentinel) {
+      message->mutable_reserved_range(i)->set_end(max_field_number);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool Parser::ParseMessageBlock(DescriptorProto* message,
+                               const LocationRecorder& message_location,
+                               const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration("{", &message_location));
+
+  while (!TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration("}", NULL)) {
+    if (AtEnd()) {
+      AddError("Reached end of input in message definition (missing '}').");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!ParseMessageStatement(message, message_location, containing_file)) {
+      // This statement failed to parse.  Skip it, but keep looping to parse
+      // other statements.
+      SkipStatement();
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (message->extension_range_size() > 0) {
+    AdjustExtensionRangesWithMaxEndNumber(message);
+  }
+  if (message->reserved_range_size() > 0) {
+    AdjustReservedRangesWithMaxEndNumber(message);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseMessageStatement(DescriptorProto* message,
+                                   const LocationRecorder& message_location,
+                                   const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  if (TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", NULL)) {
+    // empty statement; ignore
+    return true;
+  } else if (LookingAt("message")) {
+    LocationRecorder location(message_location,
+                              DescriptorProto::kNestedTypeFieldNumber,
+                              message->nested_type_size());
+    return ParseMessageDefinition(message->add_nested_type(), location,
+                                  containing_file);
+  } else if (LookingAt("enum")) {
+    LocationRecorder location(message_location,
+                              DescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber,
+                              message->enum_type_size());
+    return ParseEnumDefinition(message->add_enum_type(), location,
+                               containing_file);
+  } else if (LookingAt("extensions")) {
+    LocationRecorder location(message_location,
+                              DescriptorProto::kExtensionRangeFieldNumber);
+    return ParseExtensions(message, location, containing_file);
+  } else if (LookingAt("reserved")) {
+    return ParseReserved(message, message_location);
+  } else if (LookingAt("extend")) {
+    LocationRecorder location(message_location,
+                              DescriptorProto::kExtensionFieldNumber);
+    return ParseExtend(message->mutable_extension(),
+                       message->mutable_nested_type(), message_location,
+                       DescriptorProto::kNestedTypeFieldNumber, location,
+                       containing_file);
+  } else if (LookingAt("option")) {
+    LocationRecorder location(message_location,
+                              DescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber);
+    return ParseOption(message->mutable_options(), location, containing_file,
+                       OPTION_STATEMENT);
+  } else if (LookingAt("oneof")) {
+    int oneof_index = message->oneof_decl_size();
+    LocationRecorder oneof_location(
+        message_location, DescriptorProto::kOneofDeclFieldNumber, oneof_index);
+
+    return ParseOneof(message->add_oneof_decl(), message, oneof_index,
+                      oneof_location, message_location, containing_file);
+  } else {
+    LocationRecorder location(message_location,
+                              DescriptorProto::kFieldFieldNumber,
+                              message->field_size());
+    return ParseMessageField(
+        message->add_field(), message->mutable_nested_type(), message_location,
+        DescriptorProto::kNestedTypeFieldNumber, location, containing_file);
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseMessageField(FieldDescriptorProto* field,
+                               RepeatedPtrField<DescriptorProto>* messages,
+                               const LocationRecorder& parent_location,
+                               int location_field_number_for_nested_type,
+                               const LocationRecorder& field_location,
+                               const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  {
+    FieldDescriptorProto::Label label;
+    if (ParseLabel(&label, field_location, containing_file)) {
+      field->set_label(label);
+      if (label == FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL &&
+          syntax_identifier_ == "proto3") {
+        AddError(
+            "Explicit 'optional' labels are disallowed in the Proto3 syntax. "
+            "To define 'optional' fields in Proto3, simply remove the "
+            "'optional' label, as fields are 'optional' by default.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ParseMessageFieldNoLabel(field, messages, parent_location,
+                                  location_field_number_for_nested_type,
+                                  field_location, containing_file);
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseMessageFieldNoLabel(
+    FieldDescriptorProto* field, RepeatedPtrField<DescriptorProto>* messages,
+    const LocationRecorder& parent_location,
+    int location_field_number_for_nested_type,
+    const LocationRecorder& field_location,
+    const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  MapField map_field;
+  // Parse type.
+  {
+    LocationRecorder location(field_location);  // add path later
+    location.RecordLegacyLocation(field, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE);
+
+    bool type_parsed = false;
+    FieldDescriptorProto::Type type = FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32;
+    std::string type_name;
+
+    // Special case map field. We only treat the field as a map field if the
+    // field type name starts with the word "map" with a following "<".
+    if (TryConsume("map")) {
+      if (LookingAt("<")) {
+        map_field.is_map_field = true;
+      } else {
+        // False positive
+        type_parsed = true;
+        type_name = "map";
+      }
+    }
+    if (map_field.is_map_field) {
+      if (field->has_oneof_index()) {
+        AddError("Map fields are not allowed in oneofs.");
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (field->has_label()) {
+        AddError(
+            "Field labels (required/optional/repeated) are not allowed on "
+            "map fields.");
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (field->has_extendee()) {
+        AddError("Map fields are not allowed to be extensions.");
+        return false;
+      }
+      field->set_label(FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REPEATED);
+      DO(Consume("<"));
+      DO(ParseType(&map_field.key_type, &map_field.key_type_name));
+      DO(Consume(","));
+      DO(ParseType(&map_field.value_type, &map_field.value_type_name));
+      DO(Consume(">"));
+      // Defer setting of the type name of the map field until the
+      // field name is parsed. Add the source location though.
+      location.AddPath(FieldDescriptorProto::kTypeNameFieldNumber);
+    } else {
+      // Handle the case where no explicit label is given for a non-map field.
+      if (!field->has_label() && DefaultToOptionalFields()) {
+        field->set_label(FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL);
+      }
+      if (!field->has_label()) {
+        AddError("Expected \"required\", \"optional\", or \"repeated\".");
+        // We can actually reasonably recover here by just assuming the user
+        // forgot the label altogether.
+        field->set_label(FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL);
+      }
+
+      // Handle the case where the actual type is a message or enum named "map",
+      // which we already consumed in the code above.
+      if (!type_parsed) {
+        DO(ParseType(&type, &type_name));
+      }
+      if (type_name.empty()) {
+        location.AddPath(FieldDescriptorProto::kTypeFieldNumber);
+        field->set_type(type);
+      } else {
+        location.AddPath(FieldDescriptorProto::kTypeNameFieldNumber);
+        field->set_type_name(type_name);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Parse name and '='.
+  io::Tokenizer::Token name_token = input_->current();
+  {
+    LocationRecorder location(field_location,
+                              FieldDescriptorProto::kNameFieldNumber);
+    location.RecordLegacyLocation(field, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME);
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(field->mutable_name(), "Expected field name."));
+
+    if (!IsLowerUnderscore(field->name())) {
+      AddWarning(
+          "Field name should be lowercase. Found: " + field->name() +
+          ". See: https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/style");
+    }
+    if (IsNumberFollowUnderscore(field->name())) {
+      AddWarning(
+          "Number should not come right after an underscore. Found: " +
+          field->name() +
+          ". See: https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/style");
+    }
+  }
+  DO(Consume("=", "Missing field number."));
+
+  // Parse field number.
+  {
+    LocationRecorder location(field_location,
+                              FieldDescriptorProto::kNumberFieldNumber);
+    location.RecordLegacyLocation(field,
+                                  DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER);
+    int number;
+    DO(ConsumeInteger(&number, "Expected field number."));
+    field->set_number(number);
+  }
+
+  // Parse options.
+  DO(ParseFieldOptions(field, field_location, containing_file));
+
+  // Deal with groups.
+  if (field->has_type() && field->type() == FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    // Awkward:  Since a group declares both a message type and a field, we
+    //   have to create overlapping locations.
+    LocationRecorder group_location(parent_location);
+    group_location.StartAt(field_location);
+    group_location.AddPath(location_field_number_for_nested_type);
+    group_location.AddPath(messages->size());
+
+    DescriptorProto* group = messages->Add();
+    group->set_name(field->name());
+
+    // Record name location to match the field name's location.
+    {
+      LocationRecorder location(group_location,
+                                DescriptorProto::kNameFieldNumber);
+      location.StartAt(name_token);
+      location.EndAt(name_token);
+      location.RecordLegacyLocation(group,
+                                    DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME);
+    }
+
+    // The field's type_name also comes from the name.  Confusing!
+    {
+      LocationRecorder location(field_location,
+                                FieldDescriptorProto::kTypeNameFieldNumber);
+      location.StartAt(name_token);
+      location.EndAt(name_token);
+    }
+
+    // As a hack for backwards-compatibility, we force the group name to start
+    // with a capital letter and lower-case the field name.  New code should
+    // not use groups; it should use nested messages.
+    if (group->name()[0] < 'A' || 'Z' < group->name()[0]) {
+      AddError(name_token.line, name_token.column,
+               "Group names must start with a capital letter.");
+    }
+    LowerString(field->mutable_name());
+
+    field->set_type_name(group->name());
+    if (LookingAt("{")) {
+      DO(ParseMessageBlock(group, group_location, containing_file));
+    } else {
+      AddError("Missing group body.");
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &field_location));
+  }
+
+  // Create a map entry type if this is a map field.
+  if (map_field.is_map_field) {
+    GenerateMapEntry(map_field, field, messages);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Parser::GenerateMapEntry(const MapField& map_field,
+                              FieldDescriptorProto* field,
+                              RepeatedPtrField<DescriptorProto>* messages) {
+  DescriptorProto* entry = messages->Add();
+  std::string entry_name = MapEntryName(field->name());
+  field->set_type_name(entry_name);
+  entry->set_name(entry_name);
+  entry->mutable_options()->set_map_entry(true);
+  FieldDescriptorProto* key_field = entry->add_field();
+  key_field->set_name("key");
+  key_field->set_label(FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL);
+  key_field->set_number(1);
+  if (map_field.key_type_name.empty()) {
+    key_field->set_type(map_field.key_type);
+  } else {
+    key_field->set_type_name(map_field.key_type_name);
+  }
+  FieldDescriptorProto* value_field = entry->add_field();
+  value_field->set_name("value");
+  value_field->set_label(FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL);
+  value_field->set_number(2);
+  if (map_field.value_type_name.empty()) {
+    value_field->set_type(map_field.value_type);
+  } else {
+    value_field->set_type_name(map_field.value_type_name);
+  }
+  // Propagate the "enforce_utf8" option to key and value fields if they
+  // are strings. This helps simplify the implementation of code generators
+  // and also reflection-based parsing code.
+  //
+  // The following definition:
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     map<string, string> value = 1 [enforce_utf8 = false];
+  //   }
+  // will be interpreted as:
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     message ValueEntry {
+  //       option map_entry = true;
+  //       string key = 1 [enforce_utf8 = false];
+  //       string value = 2 [enforce_utf8 = false];
+  //     }
+  //     repeated ValueEntry value = 1 [enforce_utf8 = false];
+  //  }
+  //
+  // TODO(xiaofeng): Remove this when the "enforce_utf8" option is removed
+  // from protocol compiler.
+  for (int i = 0; i < field->options().uninterpreted_option_size(); ++i) {
+    const UninterpretedOption& option =
+        field->options().uninterpreted_option(i);
+    if (option.name_size() == 1 &&
+        option.name(0).name_part() == "enforce_utf8" &&
+        !option.name(0).is_extension()) {
+      if (key_field->type() == FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_STRING) {
+        key_field->mutable_options()->add_uninterpreted_option()->CopyFrom(
+            option);
+      }
+      if (value_field->type() == FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_STRING) {
+        value_field->mutable_options()->add_uninterpreted_option()->CopyFrom(
+            option);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseFieldOptions(FieldDescriptorProto* field,
+                               const LocationRecorder& field_location,
+                               const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  if (!LookingAt("[")) return true;
+
+  LocationRecorder location(field_location,
+                            FieldDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber);
+
+  DO(Consume("["));
+
+  // Parse field options.
+  do {
+    if (LookingAt("default")) {
+      // We intentionally pass field_location rather than location here, since
+      // the default value is not actually an option.
+      DO(ParseDefaultAssignment(field, field_location, containing_file));
+    } else if (LookingAt("json_name")) {
+      // Like default value, this "json_name" is not an actual option.
+      DO(ParseJsonName(field, field_location, containing_file));
+    } else {
+      DO(ParseOption(field->mutable_options(), location, containing_file,
+                     OPTION_ASSIGNMENT));
+    }
+  } while (TryConsume(","));
+
+  DO(Consume("]"));
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseDefaultAssignment(
+    FieldDescriptorProto* field, const LocationRecorder& field_location,
+    const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  if (field->has_default_value()) {
+    AddError("Already set option \"default\".");
+    field->clear_default_value();
+  }
+
+  DO(Consume("default"));
+  DO(Consume("="));
+
+  LocationRecorder location(field_location,
+                            FieldDescriptorProto::kDefaultValueFieldNumber);
+  location.RecordLegacyLocation(field,
+                                DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::DEFAULT_VALUE);
+  std::string* default_value = field->mutable_default_value();
+
+  if (!field->has_type()) {
+    // The field has a type name, but we don't know if it is a message or an
+    // enum yet. (If it were a primitive type, |field| would have a type set
+    // already.) In this case, simply take the current string as the default
+    // value; we will catch the error later if it is not a valid enum value.
+    // (N.B. that we do not check whether the current token is an identifier:
+    // doing so throws strange errors when the user mistypes a primitive
+    // typename and we assume it's an enum. E.g.: "optional int foo = 1 [default
+    // = 42]". In such a case the fundamental error is really that "int" is not
+    // a type, not that "42" is not an identifier. See b/12533582.)
+    *default_value = input_->current().text;
+    input_->Next();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_SFIXED64: {
+      uint64 max_value = kint64max;
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32 ||
+          field->type() == FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_SINT32 ||
+          field->type() == FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_SFIXED32) {
+        max_value = kint32max;
+      }
+
+      // These types can be negative.
+      if (TryConsume("-")) {
+        default_value->append("-");
+        // Two's complement always has one more negative value than positive.
+        ++max_value;
+      }
+      // Parse the integer to verify that it is not out-of-range.
+      uint64 value;
+      DO(ConsumeInteger64(max_value, &value,
+                          "Expected integer for field default value."));
+      // And stringify it again.
+      default_value->append(StrCat(value));
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_FIXED64: {
+      uint64 max_value = kuint64max;
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_UINT32 ||
+          field->type() == FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_FIXED32) {
+        max_value = kuint32max;
+      }
+
+      // Numeric, not negative.
+      if (TryConsume("-")) {
+        AddError("Unsigned field can't have negative default value.");
+      }
+      // Parse the integer to verify that it is not out-of-range.
+      uint64 value;
+      DO(ConsumeInteger64(max_value, &value,
+                          "Expected integer for field default value."));
+      // And stringify it again.
+      default_value->append(StrCat(value));
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      // These types can be negative.
+      if (TryConsume("-")) {
+        default_value->append("-");
+      }
+      // Parse the integer because we have to convert hex integers to decimal
+      // floats.
+      double value;
+      DO(ConsumeNumber(&value, "Expected number."));
+      // And stringify it again.
+      default_value->append(SimpleDtoa(value));
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_BOOL:
+      if (TryConsume("true")) {
+        default_value->assign("true");
+      } else if (TryConsume("false")) {
+        default_value->assign("false");
+      } else {
+        AddError("Expected \"true\" or \"false\".");
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_STRING:
+      // Note: When file opton java_string_check_utf8 is true, if a
+      // non-string representation (eg byte[]) is later supported, it must
+      // be checked for UTF-8-ness.
+      DO(ConsumeString(default_value,
+                       "Expected string for field default "
+                       "value."));
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_BYTES:
+      DO(ConsumeString(default_value, "Expected string."));
+      *default_value = CEscape(*default_value);
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_ENUM:
+      DO(ConsumeIdentifier(default_value,
+                           "Expected enum identifier for field "
+                           "default value."));
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_GROUP:
+      AddError("Messages can't have default values.");
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseJsonName(FieldDescriptorProto* field,
+                           const LocationRecorder& field_location,
+                           const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  if (field->has_json_name()) {
+    AddError("Already set option \"json_name\".");
+    field->clear_json_name();
+  }
+
+  LocationRecorder location(field_location,
+                            FieldDescriptorProto::kJsonNameFieldNumber);
+  location.RecordLegacyLocation(field,
+                                DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OPTION_NAME);
+
+  DO(Consume("json_name"));
+  DO(Consume("="));
+
+  LocationRecorder value_location(location);
+  value_location.RecordLegacyLocation(
+      field, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OPTION_VALUE);
+
+  DO(ConsumeString(field->mutable_json_name(),
+                   "Expected string for JSON name."));
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseOptionNamePart(UninterpretedOption* uninterpreted_option,
+                                 const LocationRecorder& part_location,
+                                 const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  UninterpretedOption::NamePart* name = uninterpreted_option->add_name();
+  std::string identifier;  // We parse identifiers into this string.
+  if (LookingAt("(")) {    // This is an extension.
+    DO(Consume("("));
+
+    {
+      LocationRecorder location(
+          part_location, UninterpretedOption::NamePart::kNamePartFieldNumber);
+      // An extension name consists of dot-separated identifiers, and may begin
+      // with a dot.
+      if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER)) {
+        DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&identifier, "Expected identifier."));
+        name->mutable_name_part()->append(identifier);
+      }
+      while (LookingAt(".")) {
+        DO(Consume("."));
+        name->mutable_name_part()->append(".");
+        DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&identifier, "Expected identifier."));
+        name->mutable_name_part()->append(identifier);
+      }
+    }
+
+    DO(Consume(")"));
+    name->set_is_extension(true);
+  } else {  // This is a regular field.
+    LocationRecorder location(
+        part_location, UninterpretedOption::NamePart::kNamePartFieldNumber);
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&identifier, "Expected identifier."));
+    name->mutable_name_part()->append(identifier);
+    name->set_is_extension(false);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseUninterpretedBlock(std::string* value) {
+  // Note that enclosing braces are not added to *value.
+  // We do NOT use ConsumeEndOfStatement for this brace because it's delimiting
+  // an expression, not a block of statements.
+  DO(Consume("{"));
+  int brace_depth = 1;
+  while (!AtEnd()) {
+    if (LookingAt("{")) {
+      brace_depth++;
+    } else if (LookingAt("}")) {
+      brace_depth--;
+      if (brace_depth == 0) {
+        input_->Next();
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    // TODO(sanjay): Interpret line/column numbers to preserve formatting
+    if (!value->empty()) value->push_back(' ');
+    value->append(input_->current().text);
+    input_->Next();
+  }
+  AddError("Unexpected end of stream while parsing aggregate value.");
+  return false;
+}
+
+// We don't interpret the option here. Instead we store it in an
+// UninterpretedOption, to be interpreted later.
+bool Parser::ParseOption(Message* options,
+                         const LocationRecorder& options_location,
+                         const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file,
+                         OptionStyle style) {
+  // Create an entry in the uninterpreted_option field.
+  const FieldDescriptor* uninterpreted_option_field =
+      options->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("uninterpreted_option");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(uninterpreted_option_field != NULL)
+      << "No field named \"uninterpreted_option\" in the Options proto.";
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = options->GetReflection();
+
+  LocationRecorder location(
+      options_location, uninterpreted_option_field->number(),
+      reflection->FieldSize(*options, uninterpreted_option_field));
+
+  if (style == OPTION_STATEMENT) {
+    DO(Consume("option"));
+  }
+
+  UninterpretedOption* uninterpreted_option =
+      down_cast<UninterpretedOption*>(options->GetReflection()->AddMessage(
+          options, uninterpreted_option_field));
+
+  // Parse dot-separated name.
+  {
+    LocationRecorder name_location(location,
+                                   UninterpretedOption::kNameFieldNumber);
+    name_location.RecordLegacyLocation(
+        uninterpreted_option, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OPTION_NAME);
+
+    {
+      LocationRecorder part_location(name_location,
+                                     uninterpreted_option->name_size());
+      DO(ParseOptionNamePart(uninterpreted_option, part_location,
+                             containing_file));
+    }
+
+    while (LookingAt(".")) {
+      DO(Consume("."));
+      LocationRecorder part_location(name_location,
+                                     uninterpreted_option->name_size());
+      DO(ParseOptionNamePart(uninterpreted_option, part_location,
+                             containing_file));
+    }
+  }
+
+  DO(Consume("="));
+
+  {
+    LocationRecorder value_location(location);
+    value_location.RecordLegacyLocation(
+        uninterpreted_option, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OPTION_VALUE);
+
+    // All values are a single token, except for negative numbers, which consist
+    // of a single '-' symbol, followed by a positive number.
+    bool is_negative = TryConsume("-");
+
+    switch (input_->current().type) {
+      case io::Tokenizer::TYPE_START:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Trying to read value before any tokens have been read.";
+        return false;
+
+      case io::Tokenizer::TYPE_END:
+        AddError("Unexpected end of stream while parsing option value.");
+        return false;
+
+      case io::Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER: {
+        value_location.AddPath(
+            UninterpretedOption::kIdentifierValueFieldNumber);
+        if (is_negative) {
+          AddError("Invalid '-' symbol before identifier.");
+          return false;
+        }
+        std::string value;
+        DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&value, "Expected identifier."));
+        uninterpreted_option->set_identifier_value(value);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case io::Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER: {
+        uint64 value;
+        uint64 max_value =
+            is_negative ? static_cast<uint64>(kint64max) + 1 : kuint64max;
+        DO(ConsumeInteger64(max_value, &value, "Expected integer."));
+        if (is_negative) {
+          value_location.AddPath(
+              UninterpretedOption::kNegativeIntValueFieldNumber);
+          uninterpreted_option->set_negative_int_value(
+              static_cast<int64>(-value));
+        } else {
+          value_location.AddPath(
+              UninterpretedOption::kPositiveIntValueFieldNumber);
+          uninterpreted_option->set_positive_int_value(value);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case io::Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT: {
+        value_location.AddPath(UninterpretedOption::kDoubleValueFieldNumber);
+        double value;
+        DO(ConsumeNumber(&value, "Expected number."));
+        uninterpreted_option->set_double_value(is_negative ? -value : value);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case io::Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING: {
+        value_location.AddPath(UninterpretedOption::kStringValueFieldNumber);
+        if (is_negative) {
+          AddError("Invalid '-' symbol before string.");
+          return false;
+        }
+        std::string value;
+        DO(ConsumeString(&value, "Expected string."));
+        uninterpreted_option->set_string_value(value);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case io::Tokenizer::TYPE_SYMBOL:
+        if (LookingAt("{")) {
+          value_location.AddPath(
+              UninterpretedOption::kAggregateValueFieldNumber);
+          DO(ParseUninterpretedBlock(
+              uninterpreted_option->mutable_aggregate_value()));
+        } else {
+          AddError("Expected option value.");
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (style == OPTION_STATEMENT) {
+    DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &location));
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseExtensions(DescriptorProto* message,
+                             const LocationRecorder& extensions_location,
+                             const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  // Parse the declaration.
+  DO(Consume("extensions"));
+
+  int old_range_size = message->extension_range_size();
+
+  do {
+    // Note that kExtensionRangeFieldNumber was already pushed by the parent.
+    LocationRecorder location(extensions_location,
+                              message->extension_range_size());
+
+    DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange* range = message->add_extension_range();
+    location.RecordLegacyLocation(range,
+                                  DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER);
+
+    int start, end;
+    io::Tokenizer::Token start_token;
+
+    {
+      LocationRecorder start_location(
+          location, DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange::kStartFieldNumber);
+      start_token = input_->current();
+      DO(ConsumeInteger(&start, "Expected field number range."));
+    }
+
+    if (TryConsume("to")) {
+      LocationRecorder end_location(
+          location, DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange::kEndFieldNumber);
+      if (TryConsume("max")) {
+        // Set to the sentinel value - 1 since we increment the value below.
+        // The actual value of the end of the range should be set with
+        // AdjustExtensionRangesWithMaxEndNumber.
+        end = kMaxRangeSentinel - 1;
+      } else {
+        DO(ConsumeInteger(&end, "Expected integer."));
+      }
+    } else {
+      LocationRecorder end_location(
+          location, DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange::kEndFieldNumber);
+      end_location.StartAt(start_token);
+      end_location.EndAt(start_token);
+      end = start;
+    }
+
+    // Users like to specify inclusive ranges, but in code we like the end
+    // number to be exclusive.
+    ++end;
+
+    range->set_start(start);
+    range->set_end(end);
+  } while (TryConsume(","));
+
+  if (LookingAt("[")) {
+    int range_number_index = extensions_location.CurrentPathSize();
+    SourceCodeInfo info;
+
+    // Parse extension range options in the first range.
+    ExtensionRangeOptions* options =
+        message->mutable_extension_range(old_range_size)->mutable_options();
+
+    {
+      LocationRecorder index_location(
+          extensions_location, 0 /* we fill this in w/ actual index below */,
+          &info);
+      LocationRecorder location(
+          index_location, DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange::kOptionsFieldNumber);
+      DO(Consume("["));
+
+      do {
+        DO(ParseOption(options, location, containing_file, OPTION_ASSIGNMENT));
+      } while (TryConsume(","));
+
+      DO(Consume("]"));
+    }
+
+    // Then copy the extension range options to all of the other ranges we've
+    // parsed.
+    for (int i = old_range_size + 1; i < message->extension_range_size(); i++) {
+      message->mutable_extension_range(i)->mutable_options()->CopyFrom(
+          *options);
+    }
+    // and copy source locations to the other ranges, too
+    for (int i = old_range_size; i < message->extension_range_size(); i++) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < info.location_size(); j++) {
+        if (info.location(j).path_size() == range_number_index + 1) {
+          // this location's path is up to the extension range index, but
+          // doesn't include options; so it's redundant with location above
+          continue;
+        }
+        SourceCodeInfo_Location* dest = source_code_info_->add_location();
+        *dest = info.location(j);
+        dest->set_path(range_number_index, i);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &extensions_location));
+  return true;
+}
+
+// This is similar to extension range parsing, except that it accepts field
+// name literals.
+bool Parser::ParseReserved(DescriptorProto* message,
+                           const LocationRecorder& message_location) {
+  io::Tokenizer::Token start_token = input_->current();
+  // Parse the declaration.
+  DO(Consume("reserved"));
+  if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING)) {
+    LocationRecorder location(message_location,
+                              DescriptorProto::kReservedNameFieldNumber);
+    location.StartAt(start_token);
+    return ParseReservedNames(message, location);
+  } else {
+    LocationRecorder location(message_location,
+                              DescriptorProto::kReservedRangeFieldNumber);
+    location.StartAt(start_token);
+    return ParseReservedNumbers(message, location);
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseReservedNames(DescriptorProto* message,
+                                const LocationRecorder& parent_location) {
+  do {
+    LocationRecorder location(parent_location, message->reserved_name_size());
+    DO(ConsumeString(message->add_reserved_name(), "Expected field name."));
+  } while (TryConsume(","));
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &parent_location));
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseReservedNumbers(DescriptorProto* message,
+                                  const LocationRecorder& parent_location) {
+  bool first = true;
+  do {
+    LocationRecorder location(parent_location, message->reserved_range_size());
+
+    DescriptorProto::ReservedRange* range = message->add_reserved_range();
+    int start, end;
+    io::Tokenizer::Token start_token;
+    {
+      LocationRecorder start_location(
+          location, DescriptorProto::ReservedRange::kStartFieldNumber);
+      start_token = input_->current();
+      DO(ConsumeInteger(&start, (first ? "Expected field name or number range."
+                                       : "Expected field number range.")));
+    }
+
+    if (TryConsume("to")) {
+      LocationRecorder end_location(
+          location, DescriptorProto::ReservedRange::kEndFieldNumber);
+      if (TryConsume("max")) {
+        // Set to the sentinel value - 1 since we increment the value below.
+        // The actual value of the end of the range should be set with
+        // AdjustExtensionRangesWithMaxEndNumber.
+        end = kMaxRangeSentinel - 1;
+      } else {
+        DO(ConsumeInteger(&end, "Expected integer."));
+      }
+    } else {
+      LocationRecorder end_location(
+          location, DescriptorProto::ReservedRange::kEndFieldNumber);
+      end_location.StartAt(start_token);
+      end_location.EndAt(start_token);
+      end = start;
+    }
+
+    // Users like to specify inclusive ranges, but in code we like the end
+    // number to be exclusive.
+    ++end;
+
+    range->set_start(start);
+    range->set_end(end);
+    first = false;
+  } while (TryConsume(","));
+
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &parent_location));
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseReserved(EnumDescriptorProto* message,
+                           const LocationRecorder& message_location) {
+  io::Tokenizer::Token start_token = input_->current();
+  // Parse the declaration.
+  DO(Consume("reserved"));
+  if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING)) {
+    LocationRecorder location(message_location,
+                              DescriptorProto::kReservedNameFieldNumber);
+    location.StartAt(start_token);
+    return ParseReservedNames(message, location);
+  } else {
+    LocationRecorder location(message_location,
+                              DescriptorProto::kReservedRangeFieldNumber);
+    location.StartAt(start_token);
+    return ParseReservedNumbers(message, location);
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseReservedNames(EnumDescriptorProto* message,
+                                const LocationRecorder& parent_location) {
+  do {
+    LocationRecorder location(parent_location, message->reserved_name_size());
+    DO(ConsumeString(message->add_reserved_name(), "Expected enum value."));
+  } while (TryConsume(","));
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &parent_location));
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseReservedNumbers(EnumDescriptorProto* message,
+                                  const LocationRecorder& parent_location) {
+  bool first = true;
+  do {
+    LocationRecorder location(parent_location, message->reserved_range_size());
+
+    EnumDescriptorProto::EnumReservedRange* range =
+        message->add_reserved_range();
+    int start, end;
+    io::Tokenizer::Token start_token;
+    {
+      LocationRecorder start_location(
+          location, EnumDescriptorProto::EnumReservedRange::kStartFieldNumber);
+      start_token = input_->current();
+      DO(ConsumeSignedInteger(&start,
+                              (first ? "Expected enum value or number range."
+                                     : "Expected enum number range.")));
+    }
+
+    if (TryConsume("to")) {
+      LocationRecorder end_location(
+          location, EnumDescriptorProto::EnumReservedRange::kEndFieldNumber);
+      if (TryConsume("max")) {
+        // This is in the enum descriptor path, which doesn't have the message
+        // set duality to fix up, so it doesn't integrate with the sentinel.
+        end = INT_MAX;
+      } else {
+        DO(ConsumeSignedInteger(&end, "Expected integer."));
+      }
+    } else {
+      LocationRecorder end_location(
+          location, EnumDescriptorProto::EnumReservedRange::kEndFieldNumber);
+      end_location.StartAt(start_token);
+      end_location.EndAt(start_token);
+      end = start;
+    }
+
+    range->set_start(start);
+    range->set_end(end);
+    first = false;
+  } while (TryConsume(","));
+
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &parent_location));
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseExtend(RepeatedPtrField<FieldDescriptorProto>* extensions,
+                         RepeatedPtrField<DescriptorProto>* messages,
+                         const LocationRecorder& parent_location,
+                         int location_field_number_for_nested_type,
+                         const LocationRecorder& extend_location,
+                         const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  DO(Consume("extend"));
+
+  // Parse the extendee type.
+  io::Tokenizer::Token extendee_start = input_->current();
+  std::string extendee;
+  DO(ParseUserDefinedType(&extendee));
+  io::Tokenizer::Token extendee_end = input_->previous();
+
+  // Parse the block.
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration("{", &extend_location));
+
+  bool is_first = true;
+
+  do {
+    if (AtEnd()) {
+      AddError("Reached end of input in extend definition (missing '}').");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Note that kExtensionFieldNumber was already pushed by the parent.
+    LocationRecorder location(extend_location, extensions->size());
+
+    FieldDescriptorProto* field = extensions->Add();
+
+    {
+      LocationRecorder extendee_location(
+          location, FieldDescriptorProto::kExtendeeFieldNumber);
+      extendee_location.StartAt(extendee_start);
+      extendee_location.EndAt(extendee_end);
+
+      if (is_first) {
+        extendee_location.RecordLegacyLocation(
+            field, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::EXTENDEE);
+        is_first = false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    field->set_extendee(extendee);
+
+    if (!ParseMessageField(field, messages, parent_location,
+                           location_field_number_for_nested_type, location,
+                           containing_file)) {
+      // This statement failed to parse.  Skip it, but keep looping to parse
+      // other statements.
+      SkipStatement();
+    }
+  } while (!TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration("}", NULL));
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseOneof(OneofDescriptorProto* oneof_decl,
+                        DescriptorProto* containing_type, int oneof_index,
+                        const LocationRecorder& oneof_location,
+                        const LocationRecorder& containing_type_location,
+                        const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  DO(Consume("oneof"));
+
+  {
+    LocationRecorder name_location(oneof_location,
+                                   OneofDescriptorProto::kNameFieldNumber);
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(oneof_decl->mutable_name(), "Expected oneof name."));
+  }
+
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration("{", &oneof_location));
+
+  do {
+    if (AtEnd()) {
+      AddError("Reached end of input in oneof definition (missing '}').");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (LookingAt("option")) {
+      LocationRecorder option_location(
+          oneof_location, OneofDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber);
+      if (!ParseOption(oneof_decl->mutable_options(), option_location,
+                       containing_file, OPTION_STATEMENT)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Print a nice error if the user accidentally tries to place a label
+    // on an individual member of a oneof.
+    if (LookingAt("required") || LookingAt("optional") ||
+        LookingAt("repeated")) {
+      AddError(
+          "Fields in oneofs must not have labels (required / optional "
+          "/ repeated).");
+      // We can continue parsing here because we understand what the user
+      // meant.  The error report will still make parsing fail overall.
+      input_->Next();
+    }
+
+    LocationRecorder field_location(containing_type_location,
+                                    DescriptorProto::kFieldFieldNumber,
+                                    containing_type->field_size());
+
+    FieldDescriptorProto* field = containing_type->add_field();
+    field->set_label(FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL);
+    field->set_oneof_index(oneof_index);
+
+    if (!ParseMessageFieldNoLabel(field, containing_type->mutable_nested_type(),
+                                  containing_type_location,
+                                  DescriptorProto::kNestedTypeFieldNumber,
+                                  field_location, containing_file)) {
+      // This statement failed to parse.  Skip it, but keep looping to parse
+      // other statements.
+      SkipStatement();
+    }
+  } while (!TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration("}", NULL));
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Enums
+
+bool Parser::ParseEnumDefinition(EnumDescriptorProto* enum_type,
+                                 const LocationRecorder& enum_location,
+                                 const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  DO(Consume("enum"));
+
+  {
+    LocationRecorder location(enum_location,
+                              EnumDescriptorProto::kNameFieldNumber);
+    location.RecordLegacyLocation(enum_type,
+                                  DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME);
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(enum_type->mutable_name(), "Expected enum name."));
+  }
+
+  DO(ParseEnumBlock(enum_type, enum_location, containing_file));
+
+  DO(ValidateEnum(enum_type));
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseEnumBlock(EnumDescriptorProto* enum_type,
+                            const LocationRecorder& enum_location,
+                            const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration("{", &enum_location));
+
+  while (!TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration("}", NULL)) {
+    if (AtEnd()) {
+      AddError("Reached end of input in enum definition (missing '}').");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!ParseEnumStatement(enum_type, enum_location, containing_file)) {
+      // This statement failed to parse.  Skip it, but keep looping to parse
+      // other statements.
+      SkipStatement();
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseEnumStatement(EnumDescriptorProto* enum_type,
+                                const LocationRecorder& enum_location,
+                                const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  if (TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", NULL)) {
+    // empty statement; ignore
+    return true;
+  } else if (LookingAt("option")) {
+    LocationRecorder location(enum_location,
+                              EnumDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber);
+    return ParseOption(enum_type->mutable_options(), location, containing_file,
+                       OPTION_STATEMENT);
+  } else if (LookingAt("reserved")) {
+    return ParseReserved(enum_type, enum_location);
+  } else {
+    LocationRecorder location(enum_location,
+                              EnumDescriptorProto::kValueFieldNumber,
+                              enum_type->value_size());
+    return ParseEnumConstant(enum_type->add_value(), location, containing_file);
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseEnumConstant(EnumValueDescriptorProto* enum_value,
+                               const LocationRecorder& enum_value_location,
+                               const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  // Parse name.
+  {
+    LocationRecorder location(enum_value_location,
+                              EnumValueDescriptorProto::kNameFieldNumber);
+    location.RecordLegacyLocation(enum_value,
+                                  DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME);
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(enum_value->mutable_name(),
+                         "Expected enum constant name."));
+  }
+
+  DO(Consume("=", "Missing numeric value for enum constant."));
+
+  // Parse value.
+  {
+    LocationRecorder location(enum_value_location,
+                              EnumValueDescriptorProto::kNumberFieldNumber);
+    location.RecordLegacyLocation(enum_value,
+                                  DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER);
+
+    int number;
+    DO(ConsumeSignedInteger(&number, "Expected integer."));
+    enum_value->set_number(number);
+  }
+
+  DO(ParseEnumConstantOptions(enum_value, enum_value_location,
+                              containing_file));
+
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &enum_value_location));
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseEnumConstantOptions(
+    EnumValueDescriptorProto* value,
+    const LocationRecorder& enum_value_location,
+    const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  if (!LookingAt("[")) return true;
+
+  LocationRecorder location(enum_value_location,
+                            EnumValueDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber);
+
+  DO(Consume("["));
+
+  do {
+    DO(ParseOption(value->mutable_options(), location, containing_file,
+                   OPTION_ASSIGNMENT));
+  } while (TryConsume(","));
+
+  DO(Consume("]"));
+  return true;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Services
+
+bool Parser::ParseServiceDefinition(
+    ServiceDescriptorProto* service, const LocationRecorder& service_location,
+    const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  DO(Consume("service"));
+
+  {
+    LocationRecorder location(service_location,
+                              ServiceDescriptorProto::kNameFieldNumber);
+    location.RecordLegacyLocation(service,
+                                  DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME);
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(service->mutable_name(), "Expected service name."));
+  }
+
+  DO(ParseServiceBlock(service, service_location, containing_file));
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseServiceBlock(ServiceDescriptorProto* service,
+                               const LocationRecorder& service_location,
+                               const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration("{", &service_location));
+
+  while (!TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration("}", NULL)) {
+    if (AtEnd()) {
+      AddError("Reached end of input in service definition (missing '}').");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!ParseServiceStatement(service, service_location, containing_file)) {
+      // This statement failed to parse.  Skip it, but keep looping to parse
+      // other statements.
+      SkipStatement();
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseServiceStatement(ServiceDescriptorProto* service,
+                                   const LocationRecorder& service_location,
+                                   const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  if (TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", NULL)) {
+    // empty statement; ignore
+    return true;
+  } else if (LookingAt("option")) {
+    LocationRecorder location(service_location,
+                              ServiceDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber);
+    return ParseOption(service->mutable_options(), location, containing_file,
+                       OPTION_STATEMENT);
+  } else {
+    LocationRecorder location(service_location,
+                              ServiceDescriptorProto::kMethodFieldNumber,
+                              service->method_size());
+    return ParseServiceMethod(service->add_method(), location, containing_file);
+  }
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseServiceMethod(MethodDescriptorProto* method,
+                                const LocationRecorder& method_location,
+                                const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  DO(Consume("rpc"));
+
+  {
+    LocationRecorder location(method_location,
+                              MethodDescriptorProto::kNameFieldNumber);
+    location.RecordLegacyLocation(method, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME);
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(method->mutable_name(), "Expected method name."));
+  }
+
+  // Parse input type.
+  DO(Consume("("));
+  {
+    if (LookingAt("stream")) {
+      LocationRecorder location(
+          method_location, MethodDescriptorProto::kClientStreamingFieldNumber);
+      location.RecordLegacyLocation(method,
+                                    DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OTHER);
+      method->set_client_streaming(true);
+      DO(Consume("stream"));
+
+    }
+    LocationRecorder location(method_location,
+                              MethodDescriptorProto::kInputTypeFieldNumber);
+    location.RecordLegacyLocation(method,
+                                  DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::INPUT_TYPE);
+    DO(ParseUserDefinedType(method->mutable_input_type()));
+  }
+  DO(Consume(")"));
+
+  // Parse output type.
+  DO(Consume("returns"));
+  DO(Consume("("));
+  {
+    if (LookingAt("stream")) {
+      LocationRecorder location(
+          method_location, MethodDescriptorProto::kServerStreamingFieldNumber);
+      location.RecordLegacyLocation(method,
+                                    DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OTHER);
+      DO(Consume("stream"));
+      method->set_server_streaming(true);
+
+    }
+    LocationRecorder location(method_location,
+                              MethodDescriptorProto::kOutputTypeFieldNumber);
+    location.RecordLegacyLocation(method,
+                                  DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OUTPUT_TYPE);
+    DO(ParseUserDefinedType(method->mutable_output_type()));
+  }
+  DO(Consume(")"));
+
+  if (LookingAt("{")) {
+    // Options!
+    DO(ParseMethodOptions(method_location, containing_file,
+                          MethodDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                          method->mutable_options()));
+  } else {
+    DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &method_location));
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+bool Parser::ParseMethodOptions(const LocationRecorder& parent_location,
+                                const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file,
+                                const int optionsFieldNumber,
+                                Message* mutable_options) {
+  // Options!
+  ConsumeEndOfDeclaration("{", &parent_location);
+  while (!TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration("}", NULL)) {
+    if (AtEnd()) {
+      AddError("Reached end of input in method options (missing '}').");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", NULL)) {
+      // empty statement; ignore
+    } else {
+      LocationRecorder location(parent_location, optionsFieldNumber);
+      if (!ParseOption(mutable_options, location, containing_file,
+                       OPTION_STATEMENT)) {
+        // This statement failed to parse.  Skip it, but keep looping to
+        // parse other statements.
+        SkipStatement();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool Parser::ParseLabel(FieldDescriptorProto::Label* label,
+                        const LocationRecorder& field_location,
+                        const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  if (!LookingAt("optional") && !LookingAt("repeated") &&
+      !LookingAt("required")) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  LocationRecorder location(field_location,
+                            FieldDescriptorProto::kLabelFieldNumber);
+  if (TryConsume("optional")) {
+    *label = FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL;
+  } else if (TryConsume("repeated")) {
+    *label = FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REPEATED;
+  } else {
+    Consume("required");
+    *label = FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REQUIRED;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseType(FieldDescriptorProto::Type* type,
+                       std::string* type_name) {
+  TypeNameMap::const_iterator iter = kTypeNames.find(input_->current().text);
+  if (iter != kTypeNames.end()) {
+    *type = iter->second;
+    input_->Next();
+  } else {
+    DO(ParseUserDefinedType(type_name));
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseUserDefinedType(std::string* type_name) {
+  type_name->clear();
+
+  TypeNameMap::const_iterator iter = kTypeNames.find(input_->current().text);
+  if (iter != kTypeNames.end()) {
+    // Note:  The only place enum types are allowed is for field types, but
+    //   if we are parsing a field type then we would not get here because
+    //   primitives are allowed there as well.  So this error message doesn't
+    //   need to account for enums.
+    AddError("Expected message type.");
+
+    // Pretend to accept this type so that we can go on parsing.
+    *type_name = input_->current().text;
+    input_->Next();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // A leading "." means the name is fully-qualified.
+  if (TryConsume(".")) type_name->append(".");
+
+  // Consume the first part of the name.
+  std::string identifier;
+  DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&identifier, "Expected type name."));
+  type_name->append(identifier);
+
+  // Consume more parts.
+  while (TryConsume(".")) {
+    type_name->append(".");
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&identifier, "Expected identifier."));
+    type_name->append(identifier);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+bool Parser::ParsePackage(FileDescriptorProto* file,
+                          const LocationRecorder& root_location,
+                          const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  if (file->has_package()) {
+    AddError("Multiple package definitions.");
+    // Don't append the new package to the old one.  Just replace it.  Not
+    // that it really matters since this is an error anyway.
+    file->clear_package();
+  }
+
+  LocationRecorder location(root_location,
+                            FileDescriptorProto::kPackageFieldNumber);
+  location.RecordLegacyLocation(file, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME);
+
+  DO(Consume("package"));
+
+  while (true) {
+    std::string identifier;
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&identifier, "Expected identifier."));
+    file->mutable_package()->append(identifier);
+    if (!TryConsume(".")) break;
+    file->mutable_package()->append(".");
+  }
+
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &location));
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseImport(RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* dependency,
+                         RepeatedField<int32>* public_dependency,
+                         RepeatedField<int32>* weak_dependency,
+                         const LocationRecorder& root_location,
+                         const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file) {
+  LocationRecorder location(root_location,
+                            FileDescriptorProto::kDependencyFieldNumber,
+                            dependency->size());
+
+  DO(Consume("import"));
+
+  if (LookingAt("public")) {
+    LocationRecorder public_location(
+        root_location, FileDescriptorProto::kPublicDependencyFieldNumber,
+        public_dependency->size());
+    DO(Consume("public"));
+    *public_dependency->Add() = dependency->size();
+  } else if (LookingAt("weak")) {
+    LocationRecorder weak_location(
+        root_location, FileDescriptorProto::kWeakDependencyFieldNumber,
+        weak_dependency->size());
+    weak_location.RecordLegacyImportLocation(containing_file, "weak");
+    DO(Consume("weak"));
+    *weak_dependency->Add() = dependency->size();
+  }
+
+  std::string import_file;
+  DO(ConsumeString(&import_file,
+                   "Expected a string naming the file to import."));
+  *dependency->Add() = import_file;
+  location.RecordLegacyImportLocation(containing_file, import_file);
+
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &location));
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+SourceLocationTable::SourceLocationTable() {}
+SourceLocationTable::~SourceLocationTable() {}
+
+bool SourceLocationTable::Find(
+    const Message* descriptor,
+    DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location, int* line,
+    int* column) const {
+  const std::pair<int, int>* result =
+      FindOrNull(location_map_, std::make_pair(descriptor, location));
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    *line = -1;
+    *column = 0;
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    *line = result->first;
+    *column = result->second;
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+bool SourceLocationTable::FindImport(const Message* descriptor,
+                                     const std::string& name, int* line,
+                                     int* column) const {
+  const std::pair<int, int>* result =
+      FindOrNull(import_location_map_, std::make_pair(descriptor, name));
+  if (result == nullptr) {
+    *line = -1;
+    *column = 0;
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    *line = result->first;
+    *column = result->second;
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+void SourceLocationTable::Add(
+    const Message* descriptor,
+    DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location, int line,
+    int column) {
+  location_map_[std::make_pair(descriptor, location)] =
+      std::make_pair(line, column);
+}
+
+void SourceLocationTable::AddImport(const Message* descriptor,
+                                    const std::string& name, int line,
+                                    int column) {
+  import_location_map_[std::make_pair(descriptor, name)] =
+      std::make_pair(line, column);
+}
+
+void SourceLocationTable::Clear() { location_map_.clear(); }
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8afdbc4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,600 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Implements parsing of .proto files to FileDescriptorProtos.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PARSER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PARSER_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Message;
+
+namespace compiler {
+
+// Defined in this file.
+class Parser;
+class SourceLocationTable;
+
+// Implements parsing of protocol definitions (such as .proto files).
+//
+// Note that most users will be more interested in the Importer class.
+// Parser is a lower-level class which simply converts a single .proto file
+// to a FileDescriptorProto.  It does not resolve import directives or perform
+// many other kinds of validation needed to construct a complete
+// FileDescriptor.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Parser {
+ public:
+  Parser();
+  ~Parser();
+
+  // Parse the entire input and construct a FileDescriptorProto representing
+  // it.  Returns true if no errors occurred, false otherwise.
+  bool Parse(io::Tokenizer* input, FileDescriptorProto* file);
+
+  // Optional features:
+
+  // DEPRECATED:  New code should use the SourceCodeInfo embedded in the
+  //   FileDescriptorProto.
+  //
+  // Requests that locations of certain definitions be recorded to the given
+  // SourceLocationTable while parsing.  This can be used to look up exact line
+  // and column numbers for errors reported by DescriptorPool during validation.
+  // Set to NULL (the default) to discard source location information.
+  void RecordSourceLocationsTo(SourceLocationTable* location_table) {
+    source_location_table_ = location_table;
+  }
+
+  // Requests that errors be recorded to the given ErrorCollector while
+  // parsing.  Set to NULL (the default) to discard error messages.
+  void RecordErrorsTo(io::ErrorCollector* error_collector) {
+    error_collector_ = error_collector;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the identifier used in the "syntax = " declaration, if one was
+  // seen during the last call to Parse(), or the empty string otherwise.
+  const std::string& GetSyntaxIdentifier() { return syntax_identifier_; }
+
+  // If set true, input files will be required to begin with a syntax
+  // identifier.  Otherwise, files may omit this.  If a syntax identifier
+  // is provided, it must be 'syntax = "proto2";' and must appear at the
+  // top of this file regardless of whether or not it was required.
+  void SetRequireSyntaxIdentifier(bool value) {
+    require_syntax_identifier_ = value;
+  }
+
+  // Call SetStopAfterSyntaxIdentifier(true) to tell the parser to stop
+  // parsing as soon as it has seen the syntax identifier, or lack thereof.
+  // This is useful for quickly identifying the syntax of the file without
+  // parsing the whole thing.  If this is enabled, no error will be recorded
+  // if the syntax identifier is something other than "proto2" (since
+  // presumably the caller intends to deal with that), but other kinds of
+  // errors (e.g. parse errors) will still be reported.  When this is enabled,
+  // you may pass a NULL FileDescriptorProto to Parse().
+  void SetStopAfterSyntaxIdentifier(bool value) {
+    stop_after_syntax_identifier_ = value;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class LocationRecorder;
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Error recovery helpers
+
+  // Consume the rest of the current statement.  This consumes tokens
+  // until it sees one of:
+  //   ';'  Consumes the token and returns.
+  //   '{'  Consumes the brace then calls SkipRestOfBlock().
+  //   '}'  Returns without consuming.
+  //   EOF  Returns (can't consume).
+  // The Parser often calls SkipStatement() after encountering a syntax
+  // error.  This allows it to go on parsing the following lines, allowing
+  // it to report more than just one error in the file.
+  void SkipStatement();
+
+  // Consume the rest of the current block, including nested blocks,
+  // ending after the closing '}' is encountered and consumed, or at EOF.
+  void SkipRestOfBlock();
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Single-token consuming helpers
+  //
+  // These make parsing code more readable.
+
+  // True if the current token is TYPE_END.
+  inline bool AtEnd();
+
+  // True if the next token matches the given text.
+  inline bool LookingAt(const char* text);
+  // True if the next token is of the given type.
+  inline bool LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TokenType token_type);
+
+  // If the next token exactly matches the text given, consume it and return
+  // true.  Otherwise, return false without logging an error.
+  bool TryConsume(const char* text);
+
+  // These attempt to read some kind of token from the input.  If successful,
+  // they return true.  Otherwise they return false and add the given error
+  // to the error list.
+
+  // Consume a token with the exact text given.
+  bool Consume(const char* text, const char* error);
+  // Same as above, but automatically generates the error "Expected \"text\".",
+  // where "text" is the expected token text.
+  bool Consume(const char* text);
+  // Consume a token of type IDENTIFIER and store its text in "output".
+  bool ConsumeIdentifier(std::string* output, const char* error);
+  // Consume an integer and store its value in "output".
+  bool ConsumeInteger(int* output, const char* error);
+  // Consume a signed integer and store its value in "output".
+  bool ConsumeSignedInteger(int* output, const char* error);
+  // Consume a 64-bit integer and store its value in "output".  If the value
+  // is greater than max_value, an error will be reported.
+  bool ConsumeInteger64(uint64 max_value, uint64* output, const char* error);
+  // Consume a number and store its value in "output".  This will accept
+  // tokens of either INTEGER or FLOAT type.
+  bool ConsumeNumber(double* output, const char* error);
+  // Consume a string literal and store its (unescaped) value in "output".
+  bool ConsumeString(std::string* output, const char* error);
+
+  // Consume a token representing the end of the statement.  Comments between
+  // this token and the next will be harvested for documentation.  The given
+  // LocationRecorder should refer to the declaration that was just parsed;
+  // it will be populated with these comments.
+  //
+  // TODO(kenton):  The LocationRecorder is const because historically locations
+  //   have been passed around by const reference, for no particularly good
+  //   reason.  We should probably go through and change them all to mutable
+  //   pointer to make this more intuitive.
+  bool TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(const char* text,
+                                  const LocationRecorder* location);
+  bool TryConsumeEndOfDeclarationFinishScope(const char* text,
+                                             const LocationRecorder* location);
+
+  bool ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(const char* text,
+                               const LocationRecorder* location);
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Error logging helpers
+
+  // Invokes error_collector_->AddError(), if error_collector_ is not NULL.
+  void AddError(int line, int column, const std::string& error);
+
+  // Invokes error_collector_->AddError() with the line and column number
+  // of the current token.
+  void AddError(const std::string& error);
+
+  // Invokes error_collector_->AddWarning() with the line and column number
+  // of the current token.
+  void AddWarning(const std::string& warning);
+
+  // Records a location in the SourceCodeInfo.location table (see
+  // descriptor.proto).  We use RAII to ensure that the start and end locations
+  // are recorded -- the constructor records the start location and the
+  // destructor records the end location.  Since the parser is
+  // recursive-descent, this works out beautifully.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT LocationRecorder {
+   public:
+    // Construct the file's "root" location.
+    LocationRecorder(Parser* parser);
+
+    // Construct a location that represents a declaration nested within the
+    // given parent.  E.g. a field's location is nested within the location
+    // for a message type.  The parent's path will be copied, so you should
+    // call AddPath() only to add the path components leading from the parent
+    // to the child (as opposed to leading from the root to the child).
+    LocationRecorder(const LocationRecorder& parent);
+
+    // Convenience constructors that call AddPath() one or two times.
+    LocationRecorder(const LocationRecorder& parent, int path1);
+    LocationRecorder(const LocationRecorder& parent, int path1, int path2);
+
+    // Creates a recorder that generates locations into given source code info.
+    LocationRecorder(const LocationRecorder& parent, int path1,
+                     SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info);
+
+    ~LocationRecorder();
+
+    // Add a path component.  See SourceCodeInfo.Location.path in
+    // descriptor.proto.
+    void AddPath(int path_component);
+
+    // By default the location is considered to start at the current token at
+    // the time the LocationRecorder is created.  StartAt() sets the start
+    // location to the given token instead.
+    void StartAt(const io::Tokenizer::Token& token);
+
+    // Start at the same location as some other LocationRecorder.
+    void StartAt(const LocationRecorder& other);
+
+    // By default the location is considered to end at the previous token at
+    // the time the LocationRecorder is destroyed.  EndAt() sets the end
+    // location to the given token instead.
+    void EndAt(const io::Tokenizer::Token& token);
+
+    // Records the start point of this location to the SourceLocationTable that
+    // was passed to RecordSourceLocationsTo(), if any.  SourceLocationTable
+    // is an older way of keeping track of source locations which is still
+    // used in some places.
+    void RecordLegacyLocation(
+        const Message* descriptor,
+        DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location);
+    void RecordLegacyImportLocation(const Message* descriptor,
+                                    const std::string& name);
+
+    // Returns the number of path components in the recorder's current location.
+    int CurrentPathSize() const;
+
+    // Attaches leading and trailing comments to the location.  The two strings
+    // will be swapped into place, so after this is called *leading and
+    // *trailing will be empty.
+    //
+    // TODO(kenton):  See comment on TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(), above, for
+    //   why this is const.
+    void AttachComments(std::string* leading, std::string* trailing,
+                        std::vector<std::string>* detached_comments) const;
+
+   private:
+    // Indexes of parent and current location in the parent
+    // SourceCodeInfo.location repeated field. For top-level elements,
+    // parent_index_ is -1.
+    Parser* parser_;
+    SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info_;
+    SourceCodeInfo::Location* location_;
+
+    void Init(const LocationRecorder& parent, SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info);
+  };
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Parsers for various language constructs
+
+  // Parses the "syntax = \"proto2\";" line at the top of the file.  Returns
+  // false if it failed to parse or if the syntax identifier was not
+  // recognized.
+  bool ParseSyntaxIdentifier(const LocationRecorder& parent);
+
+  // These methods parse various individual bits of code.  They return
+  // false if they completely fail to parse the construct.  In this case,
+  // it is probably necessary to skip the rest of the statement to recover.
+  // However, if these methods return true, it does NOT mean that there
+  // were no errors; only that there were no *syntax* errors.  For instance,
+  // if a service method is defined using proper syntax but uses a primitive
+  // type as its input or output, ParseMethodField() still returns true
+  // and only reports the error by calling AddError().  In practice, this
+  // makes logic much simpler for the caller.
+
+  // Parse a top-level message, enum, service, etc.
+  bool ParseTopLevelStatement(FileDescriptorProto* file,
+                              const LocationRecorder& root_location);
+
+  // Parse various language high-level language construrcts.
+  bool ParseMessageDefinition(DescriptorProto* message,
+                              const LocationRecorder& message_location,
+                              const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+  bool ParseEnumDefinition(EnumDescriptorProto* enum_type,
+                           const LocationRecorder& enum_location,
+                           const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+  bool ParseServiceDefinition(ServiceDescriptorProto* service,
+                              const LocationRecorder& service_location,
+                              const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+  bool ParsePackage(FileDescriptorProto* file,
+                    const LocationRecorder& root_location,
+                    const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+  bool ParseImport(RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* dependency,
+                   RepeatedField<int32>* public_dependency,
+                   RepeatedField<int32>* weak_dependency,
+                   const LocationRecorder& root_location,
+                   const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  // These methods parse the contents of a message, enum, or service type and
+  // add them to the given object.  They consume the entire block including
+  // the beginning and ending brace.
+  bool ParseMessageBlock(DescriptorProto* message,
+                         const LocationRecorder& message_location,
+                         const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+  bool ParseEnumBlock(EnumDescriptorProto* enum_type,
+                      const LocationRecorder& enum_location,
+                      const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+  bool ParseServiceBlock(ServiceDescriptorProto* service,
+                         const LocationRecorder& service_location,
+                         const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  // Parse one statement within a message, enum, or service block, including
+  // final semicolon.
+  bool ParseMessageStatement(DescriptorProto* message,
+                             const LocationRecorder& message_location,
+                             const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+  bool ParseEnumStatement(EnumDescriptorProto* message,
+                          const LocationRecorder& enum_location,
+                          const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+  bool ParseServiceStatement(ServiceDescriptorProto* message,
+                             const LocationRecorder& service_location,
+                             const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  // Parse a field of a message.  If the field is a group, its type will be
+  // added to "messages".
+  //
+  // parent_location and location_field_number_for_nested_type are needed when
+  // parsing groups -- we need to generate a nested message type within the
+  // parent and record its location accordingly.  Since the parent could be
+  // either a FileDescriptorProto or a DescriptorProto, we must pass in the
+  // correct field number to use.
+  bool ParseMessageField(FieldDescriptorProto* field,
+                         RepeatedPtrField<DescriptorProto>* messages,
+                         const LocationRecorder& parent_location,
+                         int location_field_number_for_nested_type,
+                         const LocationRecorder& field_location,
+                         const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  // Like ParseMessageField() but expects the label has already been filled in
+  // by the caller.
+  bool ParseMessageFieldNoLabel(FieldDescriptorProto* field,
+                                RepeatedPtrField<DescriptorProto>* messages,
+                                const LocationRecorder& parent_location,
+                                int location_field_number_for_nested_type,
+                                const LocationRecorder& field_location,
+                                const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  // Parse an "extensions" declaration.
+  bool ParseExtensions(DescriptorProto* message,
+                       const LocationRecorder& extensions_location,
+                       const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  // Parse a "reserved" declaration.
+  bool ParseReserved(DescriptorProto* message,
+                     const LocationRecorder& message_location);
+  bool ParseReservedNames(DescriptorProto* message,
+                          const LocationRecorder& parent_location);
+  bool ParseReservedNumbers(DescriptorProto* message,
+                            const LocationRecorder& parent_location);
+  bool ParseReserved(EnumDescriptorProto* message,
+                     const LocationRecorder& message_location);
+  bool ParseReservedNames(EnumDescriptorProto* message,
+                          const LocationRecorder& parent_location);
+  bool ParseReservedNumbers(EnumDescriptorProto* message,
+                            const LocationRecorder& parent_location);
+
+  // Parse an "extend" declaration.  (See also comments for
+  // ParseMessageField().)
+  bool ParseExtend(RepeatedPtrField<FieldDescriptorProto>* extensions,
+                   RepeatedPtrField<DescriptorProto>* messages,
+                   const LocationRecorder& parent_location,
+                   int location_field_number_for_nested_type,
+                   const LocationRecorder& extend_location,
+                   const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  // Parse a "oneof" declaration.  The caller is responsible for setting
+  // oneof_decl->label() since it will have had to parse the label before it
+  // knew it was parsing a oneof.
+  bool ParseOneof(OneofDescriptorProto* oneof_decl,
+                  DescriptorProto* containing_type, int oneof_index,
+                  const LocationRecorder& oneof_location,
+                  const LocationRecorder& containing_type_location,
+                  const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  // Parse a single enum value within an enum block.
+  bool ParseEnumConstant(EnumValueDescriptorProto* enum_value,
+                         const LocationRecorder& enum_value_location,
+                         const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  // Parse enum constant options, i.e. the list in square brackets at the end
+  // of the enum constant value definition.
+  bool ParseEnumConstantOptions(EnumValueDescriptorProto* value,
+                                const LocationRecorder& enum_value_location,
+                                const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  // Parse a single method within a service definition.
+  bool ParseServiceMethod(MethodDescriptorProto* method,
+                          const LocationRecorder& method_location,
+                          const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+
+  // Parse options of a single method or stream.
+  bool ParseMethodOptions(const LocationRecorder& parent_location,
+                          const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file,
+                          const int optionsFieldNumber,
+                          Message* mutable_options);
+
+  // Parse "required", "optional", or "repeated" and fill in "label"
+  // with the value. Returns true if such a label is consumed.
+  bool ParseLabel(FieldDescriptorProto::Label* label,
+                  const LocationRecorder& field_location,
+                  const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  // Parse a type name and fill in "type" (if it is a primitive) or
+  // "type_name" (if it is not) with the type parsed.
+  bool ParseType(FieldDescriptorProto::Type* type, std::string* type_name);
+  // Parse a user-defined type and fill in "type_name" with the name.
+  // If a primitive type is named, it is treated as an error.
+  bool ParseUserDefinedType(std::string* type_name);
+
+  // Parses field options, i.e. the stuff in square brackets at the end
+  // of a field definition.  Also parses default value.
+  bool ParseFieldOptions(FieldDescriptorProto* field,
+                         const LocationRecorder& field_location,
+                         const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  // Parse the "default" option.  This needs special handling because its
+  // type is the field's type.
+  bool ParseDefaultAssignment(FieldDescriptorProto* field,
+                              const LocationRecorder& field_location,
+                              const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  bool ParseJsonName(FieldDescriptorProto* field,
+                     const LocationRecorder& field_location,
+                     const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  enum OptionStyle {
+    OPTION_ASSIGNMENT,  // just "name = value"
+    OPTION_STATEMENT    // "option name = value;"
+  };
+
+  // Parse a single option name/value pair, e.g. "ctype = CORD".  The name
+  // identifies a field of the given Message, and the value of that field
+  // is set to the parsed value.
+  bool ParseOption(Message* options, const LocationRecorder& options_location,
+                   const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file,
+                   OptionStyle style);
+
+  // Parses a single part of a multipart option name. A multipart name consists
+  // of names separated by dots. Each name is either an identifier or a series
+  // of identifiers separated by dots and enclosed in parentheses. E.g.,
+  // "foo.(bar.baz).qux".
+  bool ParseOptionNamePart(UninterpretedOption* uninterpreted_option,
+                           const LocationRecorder& part_location,
+                           const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
+
+  // Parses a string surrounded by balanced braces.  Strips off the outer
+  // braces and stores the enclosed string in *value.
+  // E.g.,
+  //     { foo }                     *value gets 'foo'
+  //     { foo { bar: box } }        *value gets 'foo { bar: box }'
+  //     {}                          *value gets ''
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: LookingAt("{")
+  // When finished successfully, we are looking at the first token past
+  // the ending brace.
+  bool ParseUninterpretedBlock(std::string* value);
+
+  struct MapField {
+    // Whether the field is a map field.
+    bool is_map_field;
+    // The types of the key and value if they are primitive types.
+    FieldDescriptorProto::Type key_type;
+    FieldDescriptorProto::Type value_type;
+    // Or the type names string if the types are customized types.
+    std::string key_type_name;
+    std::string value_type_name;
+
+    MapField() : is_map_field(false) {}
+  };
+  // Desugar the map syntax to generate a nested map entry message.
+  void GenerateMapEntry(const MapField& map_field, FieldDescriptorProto* field,
+                        RepeatedPtrField<DescriptorProto>* messages);
+
+  // Whether fields without label default to optional fields.
+  bool DefaultToOptionalFields() const {
+    return syntax_identifier_ == "proto3";
+  }
+
+
+  bool ValidateEnum(const EnumDescriptorProto* proto);
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  io::Tokenizer* input_;
+  io::ErrorCollector* error_collector_;
+  SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info_;
+  SourceLocationTable* source_location_table_;  // legacy
+  bool had_errors_;
+  bool require_syntax_identifier_;
+  bool stop_after_syntax_identifier_;
+  std::string syntax_identifier_;
+
+  // Leading doc comments for the next declaration.  These are not complete
+  // yet; use ConsumeEndOfDeclaration() to get the complete comments.
+  std::string upcoming_doc_comments_;
+
+  // Detached comments are not connected to any syntax entities. Elements in
+  // this vector are paragraphs of comments separated by empty lines. The
+  // detached comments will be put into the leading_detached_comments field for
+  // the next element (See SourceCodeInfo.Location in descriptor.proto), when
+  // ConsumeEndOfDeclaration() is called.
+  std::vector<std::string> upcoming_detached_comments_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Parser);
+};
+
+// A table mapping (descriptor, ErrorLocation) pairs -- as reported by
+// DescriptorPool when validating descriptors -- to line and column numbers
+// within the original source code.
+//
+// This is semi-obsolete:  FileDescriptorProto.source_code_info now contains
+// far more complete information about source locations.  However, as of this
+// writing you still need to use SourceLocationTable when integrating with
+// DescriptorPool.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceLocationTable {
+ public:
+  SourceLocationTable();
+  ~SourceLocationTable();
+
+  // Finds the precise location of the given error and fills in *line and
+  // *column with the line and column numbers.  If not found, sets *line to
+  // -1 and *column to 0 (since line = -1 is used to mean "error has no exact
+  // location" in the ErrorCollector interface).  Returns true if found, false
+  // otherwise.
+  bool Find(const Message* descriptor,
+            DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location, int* line,
+            int* column) const;
+  bool FindImport(const Message* descriptor, const std::string& name, int* line,
+                  int* column) const;
+
+  // Adds a location to the table.
+  void Add(const Message* descriptor,
+           DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location, int line,
+           int column);
+  void AddImport(const Message* descriptor, const std::string& name, int line,
+                 int column);
+
+  // Clears the contents of the table.
+  void Clear();
+
+ private:
+  typedef std::map<
+      std::pair<const Message*, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation>,
+      std::pair<int, int> >
+      LocationMap;
+  LocationMap location_map_;
+  std::map<std::pair<const Message*, std::string>, std::pair<int, int> >
+      import_location_map_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PARSER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8994cc5a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,3613 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util2.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+namespace {
+
+class MockErrorCollector : public io::ErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  MockErrorCollector() = default;
+  ~MockErrorCollector() override = default;
+
+  std::string warning_;
+  std::string text_;
+
+  // implements ErrorCollector ---------------------------------------
+  void AddWarning(int line, int column, const std::string& message) override {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&warning_, "$0:$1: $2\n", line, column,
+                                 message);
+  }
+
+  void AddError(int line, int column, const std::string& message) override {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&text_, "$0:$1: $2\n", line, column, message);
+  }
+};
+
+class MockValidationErrorCollector : public DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  MockValidationErrorCollector(const SourceLocationTable& source_locations,
+                               io::ErrorCollector* wrapped_collector)
+      : source_locations_(source_locations),
+        wrapped_collector_(wrapped_collector) {}
+  ~MockValidationErrorCollector() {}
+
+  // implements ErrorCollector ---------------------------------------
+  void AddError(const std::string& filename, const std::string& element_name,
+                const Message* descriptor, ErrorLocation location,
+                const std::string& message) {
+    int line, column;
+    if (location == DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::IMPORT) {
+      source_locations_.FindImport(descriptor, element_name, &line, &column);
+    } else {
+      source_locations_.Find(descriptor, location, &line, &column);
+    }
+    wrapped_collector_->AddError(line, column, message);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const SourceLocationTable& source_locations_;
+  io::ErrorCollector* wrapped_collector_;
+};
+
+class ParserTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ParserTest() : require_syntax_identifier_(false) {}
+
+  // Set up the parser to parse the given text.
+  void SetupParser(const char* text) {
+    raw_input_.reset(new io::ArrayInputStream(text, strlen(text)));
+    input_.reset(new io::Tokenizer(raw_input_.get(), &error_collector_));
+    parser_.reset(new Parser());
+    parser_->RecordErrorsTo(&error_collector_);
+    parser_->SetRequireSyntaxIdentifier(require_syntax_identifier_);
+  }
+
+  // Parse the input and expect that the resulting FileDescriptorProto matches
+  // the given output.  The output is a FileDescriptorProto in protocol buffer
+  // text format.
+  void ExpectParsesTo(const char* input, const char* output) {
+    SetupParser(input);
+    FileDescriptorProto actual, expected;
+
+    parser_->Parse(input_.get(), &actual);
+    EXPECT_EQ(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_END, input_->current().type);
+    ASSERT_EQ("", error_collector_.text_);
+
+    // We don't cover SourceCodeInfo in these tests.
+    actual.clear_source_code_info();
+
+    // Parse the ASCII representation in order to canonicalize it.  We could
+    // just compare directly to actual.DebugString(), but that would require
+    // that the caller precisely match the formatting that DebugString()
+    // produces.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(output, &expected));
+
+    // Compare by comparing debug strings.
+    // TODO(kenton):  Use differencer, once it is available.
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.DebugString(), actual.DebugString());
+  }
+
+  // Parse the text and expect that the given errors are reported.
+  void ExpectHasErrors(const char* text, const char* expected_errors) {
+    ExpectHasEarlyExitErrors(text, expected_errors);
+    EXPECT_EQ(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_END, input_->current().type);
+  }
+
+  // Same as above but does not expect that the parser parses the complete
+  // input.
+  void ExpectHasEarlyExitErrors(const char* text, const char* expected_errors) {
+    SetupParser(text);
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    parser_->Parse(input_.get(), &file);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_errors, error_collector_.text_);
+  }
+
+  // Parse the text as a file and validate it (with a DescriptorPool), and
+  // expect that the validation step reports the given errors.
+  void ExpectHasValidationErrors(const char* text,
+                                 const char* expected_errors) {
+    SetupParser(text);
+    SourceLocationTable source_locations;
+    parser_->RecordSourceLocationsTo(&source_locations);
+
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    file.set_name("foo.proto");
+    parser_->Parse(input_.get(), &file);
+    EXPECT_EQ(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_END, input_->current().type);
+    ASSERT_EQ("", error_collector_.text_);
+
+    MockValidationErrorCollector validation_error_collector(source_locations,
+                                                            &error_collector_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFileCollectingErrors(
+                    file, &validation_error_collector) == NULL);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_errors, error_collector_.text_);
+  }
+
+  MockErrorCollector error_collector_;
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyInputStream> raw_input_;
+  std::unique_ptr<io::Tokenizer> input_;
+  std::unique_ptr<Parser> parser_;
+  bool require_syntax_identifier_;
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+TEST_F(ParserTest, StopAfterSyntaxIdentifier) {
+  SetupParser(
+      "// blah\n"
+      "syntax = \"foobar\";\n"
+      "this line will not be parsed\n");
+  parser_->SetStopAfterSyntaxIdentifier(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser_->Parse(input_.get(), NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", error_collector_.text_);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foobar", parser_->GetSyntaxIdentifier());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserTest, StopAfterOmittedSyntaxIdentifier) {
+  SetupParser(
+      "// blah\n"
+      "this line will not be parsed\n");
+  parser_->SetStopAfterSyntaxIdentifier(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser_->Parse(input_.get(), NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", error_collector_.text_);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", parser_->GetSyntaxIdentifier());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserTest, StopAfterSyntaxIdentifierWithErrors) {
+  SetupParser(
+      "// blah\n"
+      "syntax = error;\n");
+  parser_->SetStopAfterSyntaxIdentifier(true);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parser_->Parse(input_.get(), NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1:9: Expected syntax identifier.\n", error_collector_.text_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserTest, WarnIfSyntaxIdentifierOmmitted) {
+  SetupParser("message A {}");
+  FileDescriptorProto file;
+  CaptureTestStderr();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser_->Parse(input_.get(), &file));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(GetCapturedTestStderr().find("No syntax specified") !=
+              std::string::npos);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserTest, WarnIfFieldNameIsNotUpperCamel) {
+  SetupParser(
+      "syntax = \"proto2\";"
+      "message abc {}");
+  FileDescriptorProto file;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser_->Parse(input_.get(), &file));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(error_collector_.warning_.find(
+                  "Message name should be in UpperCamelCase. Found: abc.") !=
+              std::string::npos);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserTest, WarnIfFieldNameIsNotLowerUnderscore) {
+  SetupParser(
+      "syntax = \"proto2\";"
+      "message A {"
+      "  optional string SongName = 1;"
+      "}");
+  FileDescriptorProto file;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser_->Parse(input_.get(), &file));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(error_collector_.warning_.find(
+                  "Field name should be lowercase. Found: SongName") !=
+              std::string::npos);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserTest, WarnIfFieldNameContainsNumberImmediatelyFollowUnderscore) {
+  SetupParser(
+      "syntax = \"proto2\";"
+      "message A {"
+      "  optional string song_name_1 = 1;"
+      "}");
+  FileDescriptorProto file;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser_->Parse(input_.get(), &file));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(error_collector_.warning_.find(
+                  "Number should not come right after an underscore. Found: "
+                  "song_name_1.") != std::string::npos);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+typedef ParserTest ParseMessageTest;
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, IgnoreBOM) {
+  char input[] =
+      "   message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  required int32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "}\n";
+  // Set UTF-8 BOM.
+  input[0] = (char)0xEF;
+  input[1] = (char)0xBB;
+  input[2] = (char)0xBF;
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      input,
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, BOMError) {
+  char input[] =
+      "   message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  required int32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "}\n";
+  input[0] = (char)0xEF;
+  ExpectHasErrors(input,
+                  "0:1: Proto file starts with 0xEF but not UTF-8 BOM. "
+                  "Only UTF-8 is accepted for proto file.\n"
+                  "0:0: Expected top-level statement (e.g. \"message\").\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, SimpleMessage) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  required int32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, ImplicitSyntaxIdentifier) {
+  require_syntax_identifier_ = false;
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  required int32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 }"
+      "}");
+  EXPECT_EQ("proto2", parser_->GetSyntaxIdentifier());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, ExplicitSyntaxIdentifier) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  required int32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "syntax: 'proto2' "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 }"
+      "}");
+  EXPECT_EQ("proto2", parser_->GetSyntaxIdentifier());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, ExplicitRequiredSyntaxIdentifier) {
+  require_syntax_identifier_ = true;
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  required int32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "syntax: 'proto2' "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 }"
+      "}");
+  EXPECT_EQ("proto2", parser_->GetSyntaxIdentifier());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, SimpleFields) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  required int32 foo = 15;\n"
+      "  optional int32 bar = 34;\n"
+      "  repeated int32 baz = 3;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_INT32 number:15 }"
+      "  field { name:\"bar\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:34 }"
+      "  field { name:\"baz\" label:LABEL_REPEATED type:TYPE_INT32 number:3  }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, PrimitiveFieldTypes) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  required int32    foo = 1;\n"
+      "  required int64    foo = 1;\n"
+      "  required uint32   foo = 1;\n"
+      "  required uint64   foo = 1;\n"
+      "  required sint32   foo = 1;\n"
+      "  required sint64   foo = 1;\n"
+      "  required fixed32  foo = 1;\n"
+      "  required fixed64  foo = 1;\n"
+      "  required sfixed32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "  required sfixed64 foo = 1;\n"
+      "  required float    foo = 1;\n"
+      "  required double   foo = 1;\n"
+      "  required string   foo = 1;\n"
+      "  required bytes    foo = 1;\n"
+      "  required bool     foo = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_INT32    number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_INT64    number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_UINT32   number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_UINT64   number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_SINT32   number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_SINT64   number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_FIXED32  number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_FIXED64  number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_SFIXED32 number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_SFIXED64 number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_FLOAT    number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_DOUBLE   number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_STRING   number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_BYTES    number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_BOOL     number:1 "
+      "}"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, FieldDefaults) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  required int32  foo = 1 [default=  1  ];\n"
+      "  required int32  foo = 1 [default= -2  ];\n"
+      "  required int64  foo = 1 [default=  3  ];\n"
+      "  required int64  foo = 1 [default= -4  ];\n"
+      "  required uint32 foo = 1 [default=  5  ];\n"
+      "  required uint64 foo = 1 [default=  6  ];\n"
+      "  required float  foo = 1 [default=  7.5];\n"
+      "  required float  foo = 1 [default= -8.5];\n"
+      "  required float  foo = 1 [default=  9  ];\n"
+      "  required double foo = 1 [default= 10.5];\n"
+      "  required double foo = 1 [default=-11.5];\n"
+      "  required double foo = 1 [default= 12  ];\n"
+      "  required double foo = 1 [default= inf ];\n"
+      "  required double foo = 1 [default=-inf ];\n"
+      "  required double foo = 1 [default= nan ];\n"
+      "  required string foo = 1 [default='13\\001'];\n"
+      "  required string foo = 1 [default='a' \"b\" \n \"c\"];\n"
+      "  required bytes  foo = 1 [default='14\\002'];\n"
+      "  required bytes  foo = 1 [default='a' \"b\" \n 'c'];\n"
+      "  required bool   foo = 1 [default=true ];\n"
+      "  required Foo    foo = 1 [default=FOO  ];\n"
+
+      "  required int32  foo = 1 [default= 0x7FFFFFFF];\n"
+      "  required int32  foo = 1 [default=-0x80000000];\n"
+      "  required uint32 foo = 1 [default= 0xFFFFFFFF];\n"
+      "  required int64  foo = 1 [default= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF];\n"
+      "  required int64  foo = 1 [default=-0x8000000000000000];\n"
+      "  required uint64 foo = 1 [default= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF];\n"
+      "  required double foo = 1 [default= 0xabcd];\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+#define ETC "name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED number:1"
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { type:TYPE_INT32   default_value:\"1\"         " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_INT32   default_value:\"-2\"        " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_INT64   default_value:\"3\"         " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_INT64   default_value:\"-4\"        " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_UINT32  default_value:\"5\"         " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_UINT64  default_value:\"6\"         " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_FLOAT   default_value:\"7.5\"       " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_FLOAT   default_value:\"-8.5\"      " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_FLOAT   default_value:\"9\"         " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_DOUBLE  default_value:\"10.5\"      " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_DOUBLE  default_value:\"-11.5\"     " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_DOUBLE  default_value:\"12\"        " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_DOUBLE  default_value:\"inf\"       " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_DOUBLE  default_value:\"-inf\"      " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_DOUBLE  default_value:\"nan\"       " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_STRING  default_value:\"13\\001\"   " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_STRING  default_value:\"abc\"       " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_BYTES   default_value:\"14\\\\002\" " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_BYTES   default_value:\"abc\"       " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type:TYPE_BOOL    default_value:\"true\"      " ETC
+      " }"
+      "  field { type_name:\"Foo\" default_value:\"FOO\"       " ETC
+      " }"
+
+      "  field {"
+      "    type:TYPE_INT32   default_value:\"2147483647\"           " ETC
+      "  }"
+      "  field {"
+      "    type:TYPE_INT32   default_value:\"-2147483648\"          " ETC
+      "  }"
+      "  field {"
+      "    type:TYPE_UINT32  default_value:\"4294967295\"           " ETC
+      "  }"
+      "  field {"
+      "    type:TYPE_INT64   default_value:\"9223372036854775807\"  " ETC
+      "  }"
+      "  field {"
+      "    type:TYPE_INT64   default_value:\"-9223372036854775808\" " ETC
+      "  }"
+      "  field {"
+      "    type:TYPE_UINT64  default_value:\"18446744073709551615\" " ETC
+      "  }"
+      "  field {"
+      "    type:TYPE_DOUBLE  default_value:\"43981\"                " ETC
+      "  }"
+      "}");
+#undef ETC
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, FieldJsonName) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional string foo = 1 [json_name = \"@type\"];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field {\n"
+      "    name: \"foo\" label: LABEL_OPTIONAL type: TYPE_STRING number: 1"
+      "    json_name: \"@type\"\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, FieldOptions) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional string foo = 1\n"
+      "      [ctype=CORD, (foo)=7, foo.(.bar.baz).qux.quux.(corge)=-33, \n"
+      "       (quux)=\"x\040y\", (baz.qux)=hey];\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { name: \"foo\" label: LABEL_OPTIONAL type: TYPE_STRING number: "
+      "1"
+      "          options { uninterpreted_option: { name { name_part: \"ctype\" "
+      "                                                   is_extension: false "
+      "} "
+      "                                            identifier_value: \"CORD\"  "
+      "}"
+      "                    uninterpreted_option: { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                                   is_extension: true } "
+      "                                            positive_int_value: 7  }"
+      "                    uninterpreted_option: { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                                   is_extension: false "
+      "} "
+      "                                            name { name_part: "
+      "\".bar.baz\""
+      "                                                   is_extension: true } "
+      "                                            name { name_part: \"qux\" "
+      "                                                   is_extension: false "
+      "} "
+      "                                            name { name_part: \"quux\" "
+      "                                                   is_extension: false "
+      "} "
+      "                                            name { name_part: \"corge\" "
+      "                                                   is_extension: true } "
+      "                                            negative_int_value: -33 }"
+      "                    uninterpreted_option: { name { name_part: \"quux\" "
+      "                                                   is_extension: true } "
+      "                                            string_value: \"x y\" }"
+      "                    uninterpreted_option: { name { name_part: "
+      "\"baz.qux\" "
+      "                                                   is_extension: true } "
+      "                                            identifier_value: \"hey\" }"
+      "          }"
+      "  }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, Oneof) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  oneof foo {\n"
+      "    int32 a = 1;\n"
+      "    string b = 2;\n"
+      "    TestMessage c = 3;\n"
+      "    group D = 4 { optional int32 i = 5; }\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { name:\"a\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 "
+      "          oneof_index:0 }"
+      "  field { name:\"b\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_STRING number:2 "
+      "          oneof_index:0 }"
+      "  field { name:\"c\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:\"TestMessage\" "
+      "          number:3 oneof_index:0 }"
+      "  field { name:\"d\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_GROUP "
+      "          type_name:\"D\" number:4 oneof_index:0 }"
+      "  oneof_decl {"
+      "    name: \"foo\""
+      "  }"
+      "  nested_type {"
+      "    name: \"D\""
+      "    field { name:\"i\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:5 }"
+      "  }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, MultipleOneofs) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  oneof foo {\n"
+      "    int32 a = 1;\n"
+      "    string b = 2;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  oneof bar {\n"
+      "    int32 c = 3;\n"
+      "    string d = 4;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { name:\"a\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 "
+      "          oneof_index:0 }"
+      "  field { name:\"b\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_STRING number:2 "
+      "          oneof_index:0 }"
+      "  field { name:\"c\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:3 "
+      "          oneof_index:1 }"
+      "  field { name:\"d\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_STRING number:4 "
+      "          oneof_index:1 }"
+      "  oneof_decl {"
+      "    name: \"foo\""
+      "  }"
+      "  oneof_decl {"
+      "    name: \"bar\""
+      "  }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, Maps) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  map<int32, string> primitive_type_map = 1;\n"
+      "  map<KeyType, ValueType> composite_type_map = 2;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  nested_type {"
+      "    name: \"PrimitiveTypeMapEntry\""
+      "    field { "
+      "       name: \"key\" number: 1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL"
+      "       type:TYPE_INT32"
+      "    }"
+      "    field { "
+      "       name: \"value\" number: 2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL"
+      "       type:TYPE_STRING"
+      "    }"
+      "    options { map_entry: true }"
+      "  }"
+      "  nested_type {"
+      "    name: \"CompositeTypeMapEntry\""
+      "    field { "
+      "       name: \"key\" number: 1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL"
+      "       type_name: \"KeyType\""
+      "    }"
+      "    field { "
+      "       name: \"value\" number: 2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL"
+      "       type_name: \"ValueType\""
+      "    }"
+      "    options { map_entry: true }"
+      "  }"
+      "  field {"
+      "    name: \"primitive_type_map\""
+      "    label: LABEL_REPEATED"
+      "    type_name: \"PrimitiveTypeMapEntry\""
+      "    number: 1"
+      "  }"
+      "  field {"
+      "    name: \"composite_type_map\""
+      "    label: LABEL_REPEATED"
+      "    type_name: \"CompositeTypeMapEntry\""
+      "    number: 2"
+      "  }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, Group) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional group TestGroup = 1 {};\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  nested_type { name: \"TestGroup\" }"
+      "  field { name:\"testgroup\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL number:1"
+      "          type:TYPE_GROUP type_name: \"TestGroup\" }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, NestedMessage) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  message Nested {}\n"
+      "  optional Nested test_nested = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  nested_type { name: \"Nested\" }"
+      "  field { name:\"test_nested\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL number:1"
+      "          type_name: \"Nested\" }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, NestedEnum) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  enum NestedEnum {}\n"
+      "  optional NestedEnum test_enum = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  enum_type { name: \"NestedEnum\" }"
+      "  field { name:\"test_enum\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL number:1"
+      "          type_name: \"NestedEnum\" }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, ReservedRange) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  required int32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "  reserved 2, 15, 9 to 11, 3, 20 to max;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start:2   end:3         }"
+      "  reserved_range { start:15  end:16        }"
+      "  reserved_range { start:9   end:12        }"
+      "  reserved_range { start:3   end:4         }"
+      "  reserved_range { start:20  end:536870912 }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, ReservedRangeOnMessageSet) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  option message_set_wire_format = true;\n"
+      "  reserved 20 to max;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  options {"
+      "    uninterpreted_option {"
+      "      name {"
+      "        name_part: \"message_set_wire_format\""
+      "        is_extension: false"
+      "      }"
+      "      identifier_value: \"true\""
+      "    }"
+      "  }"
+      "  reserved_range { start:20  end:2147483647 }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, ReservedNames) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  reserved \"foo\", \"bar\";\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  reserved_name: \"foo\""
+      "  reserved_name: \"bar\""
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, ExtensionRange) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  extensions 10 to 19;\n"
+      "  extensions 30 to max;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  extension_range { start:10 end:20        }"
+      "  extension_range { start:30 end:536870912 }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, ExtensionRangeWithOptions) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  extensions 10 to 19 [(i) = 5];\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  extension_range {"
+      "    start:10"
+      "    end:20"
+      "    options {"
+      "      uninterpreted_option {"
+      "        name {"
+      "          name_part: \"i\""
+      "          is_extension: true"
+      "        }"
+      "        positive_int_value: 5"
+      "      }"
+      "    }"
+      "  }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, CompoundExtensionRange) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  extensions 2, 15, 9 to 11, 100 to max, 3;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  extension_range { start:2   end:3         }"
+      "  extension_range { start:15  end:16        }"
+      "  extension_range { start:9   end:12        }"
+      "  extension_range { start:100 end:536870912 }"
+      "  extension_range { start:3   end:4         }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, CompoundExtensionRangeWithOptions) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  extensions 2, 15, 9 to 11, 100 to max, 3 [(i) = 5];\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  extension_range {"
+      "    start:2"
+      "    end:3"
+      "    options {"
+      "      uninterpreted_option {"
+      "        name {"
+      "          name_part: \"i\""
+      "          is_extension: true"
+      "        }"
+      "        positive_int_value: 5"
+      "      }"
+      "    }"
+      "  }"
+      "  extension_range {"
+      "    start:15"
+      "    end:16"
+      "    options {"
+      "      uninterpreted_option {"
+      "        name {"
+      "          name_part: \"i\""
+      "          is_extension: true"
+      "        }"
+      "        positive_int_value: 5"
+      "      }"
+      "    }"
+      "  }"
+      "  extension_range {"
+      "    start:9"
+      "    end:12"
+      "    options {"
+      "      uninterpreted_option {"
+      "        name {"
+      "          name_part: \"i\""
+      "          is_extension: true"
+      "        }"
+      "        positive_int_value: 5"
+      "      }"
+      "    }"
+      "  }"
+      "  extension_range {"
+      "    start:100"
+      "    end:536870912"
+      "    options {"
+      "      uninterpreted_option {"
+      "        name {"
+      "          name_part: \"i\""
+      "          is_extension: true"
+      "        }"
+      "        positive_int_value: 5"
+      "      }"
+      "    }"
+      "  }"
+      "  extension_range {"
+      "    start:3"
+      "    end:4"
+      "    options {"
+      "      uninterpreted_option {"
+      "        name {"
+      "          name_part: \"i\""
+      "          is_extension: true"
+      "        }"
+      "        positive_int_value: 5"
+      "      }"
+      "    }"
+      "  }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, LargerMaxForMessageSetWireFormatMessages) {
+  // Messages using the message_set_wire_format option can accept larger
+  // extension numbers, as the numbers are not encoded as int32 field values
+  // rather than tags.
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  extensions 4 to max;\n"
+      "  option message_set_wire_format = true;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "    extension_range { start:4 end: 0x7fffffff }"
+      "  options {\n"
+      "    uninterpreted_option { \n"
+      "      name {\n"
+      "        name_part: \"message_set_wire_format\"\n"
+      "        is_extension: false\n"
+      "      }\n"
+      "      identifier_value: \"true\"\n"
+      "    }\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, Extensions) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "extend Extendee1 { optional int32 foo = 12; }\n"
+      "extend Extendee2 { repeated TestMessage bar = 22; }\n",
+
+      "extension { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:12"
+      "            extendee: \"Extendee1\" } "
+      "extension { name:\"bar\" label:LABEL_REPEATED number:22"
+      "            type_name:\"TestMessage\" extendee: \"Extendee2\" }");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, ExtensionsInMessageScope) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  extend Extendee1 { optional int32 foo = 12; }\n"
+      "  extend Extendee2 { repeated TestMessage bar = 22; }\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  extension { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "number:12"
+      "              extendee: \"Extendee1\" }"
+      "  extension { name:\"bar\" label:LABEL_REPEATED number:22"
+      "              type_name:\"TestMessage\" extendee: \"Extendee2\" }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, MultipleExtensionsOneExtendee) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "extend Extendee1 {\n"
+      "  optional int32 foo = 12;\n"
+      "  repeated TestMessage bar = 22;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "extension { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:12"
+      "            extendee: \"Extendee1\" } "
+      "extension { name:\"bar\" label:LABEL_REPEATED number:22"
+      "            type_name:\"TestMessage\" extendee: \"Extendee1\" }");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, OptionalLabelProto3) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "syntax = \"proto3\";\n"
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  int32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "syntax: \"proto3\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 } "
+      "}");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+typedef ParserTest ParseEnumTest;
+
+TEST_F(ParseEnumTest, SimpleEnum) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "enum TestEnum {\n"
+      "  FOO = 0;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestEnum\""
+      "  value { name:\"FOO\" number:0 }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseEnumTest, Values) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "enum TestEnum {\n"
+      "  FOO = 13;\n"
+      "  BAR = -10;\n"
+      "  BAZ = 500;\n"
+      "  HEX_MAX = 0x7FFFFFFF;\n"
+      "  HEX_MIN = -0x80000000;\n"
+      "  INT_MAX = 2147483647;\n"
+      "  INT_MIN = -2147483648;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestEnum\""
+      "  value { name:\"FOO\" number:13 }"
+      "  value { name:\"BAR\" number:-10 }"
+      "  value { name:\"BAZ\" number:500 }"
+      "  value { name:\"HEX_MAX\" number:2147483647 }"
+      "  value { name:\"HEX_MIN\" number:-2147483648 }"
+      "  value { name:\"INT_MAX\" number:2147483647 }"
+      "  value { name:\"INT_MIN\" number:-2147483648 }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseEnumTest, ValueOptions) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "enum TestEnum {\n"
+      "  FOO = 13;\n"
+      "  BAR = -10 [ (something.text) = 'abc' ];\n"
+      "  BAZ = 500 [ (something.text) = 'def', other = 1 ];\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestEnum\""
+      "  value { name: \"FOO\" number: 13 }"
+      "  value { name: \"BAR\" number: -10 "
+      "    options { "
+      "      uninterpreted_option { "
+      "        name { name_part: \"something.text\" is_extension: true } "
+      "        string_value: \"abc\" "
+      "      } "
+      "    } "
+      "  } "
+      "  value { name: \"BAZ\" number: 500 "
+      "    options { "
+      "      uninterpreted_option { "
+      "        name { name_part: \"something.text\" is_extension: true } "
+      "        string_value: \"def\" "
+      "      } "
+      "      uninterpreted_option { "
+      "        name { name_part: \"other\" is_extension: false } "
+      "        positive_int_value: 1 "
+      "      } "
+      "    } "
+      "  } "
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseEnumTest, ReservedRange) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "enum TestEnum {\n"
+      "  FOO = 0;\n"
+      "  reserved -2147483648, -6 to -4, -1 to 1, 2, 15, 9 to 11, 3, 20 to "
+      "max;\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestEnum\""
+      "  value { name:\"FOO\" number:0 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start:-2147483648  end:-2147483648 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start:-6           end:-4          }"
+      "  reserved_range { start:-1           end:1           }"
+      "  reserved_range { start:2            end:2           }"
+      "  reserved_range { start:15           end:15          }"
+      "  reserved_range { start:9            end:11          }"
+      "  reserved_range { start:3            end:3           }"
+      "  reserved_range { start:20           end:2147483647  }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseEnumTest, ReservedNames) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "enum TestEnum {\n"
+      "  FOO = 0;\n"
+      "  reserved \"foo\", \"bar\";\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestEnum\""
+      "  value { name:\"FOO\" number:0 }"
+      "  reserved_name: \"foo\""
+      "  reserved_name: \"bar\""
+      "}");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+typedef ParserTest ParseServiceTest;
+
+TEST_F(ParseServiceTest, SimpleService) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "service TestService {\n"
+      "  rpc Foo(In) returns (Out);\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "service {"
+      "  name: \"TestService\""
+      "  method { name:\"Foo\" input_type:\"In\" output_type:\"Out\" }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseServiceTest, MethodsAndStreams) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "service TestService {\n"
+      "  rpc Foo(In1) returns (Out1);\n"
+      "  rpc Bar(In2) returns (Out2);\n"
+      "  rpc Baz(In3) returns (Out3);\n"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "service {"
+      "  name: \"TestService\""
+      "  method { name:\"Foo\" input_type:\"In1\" output_type:\"Out1\" }"
+      "  method { name:\"Bar\" input_type:\"In2\" output_type:\"Out2\" }"
+      "  method { name:\"Baz\" input_type:\"In3\" output_type:\"Out3\" }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+// imports and packages
+
+typedef ParserTest ParseMiscTest;
+
+TEST_F(ParseMiscTest, ParseImport) {
+  ExpectParsesTo("import \"foo/bar/baz.proto\";\n",
+                 "dependency: \"foo/bar/baz.proto\"");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMiscTest, ParseMultipleImports) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "import \"foo.proto\";\n"
+      "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+      "import \"baz.proto\";\n",
+      "dependency: \"foo.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"bar.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"baz.proto\"");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMiscTest, ParsePublicImports) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "import \"foo.proto\";\n"
+      "import public \"bar.proto\";\n"
+      "import \"baz.proto\";\n"
+      "import public \"qux.proto\";\n",
+      "dependency: \"foo.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"bar.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"baz.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"qux.proto\""
+      "public_dependency: 1 "
+      "public_dependency: 3 ");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMiscTest, ParsePackage) {
+  ExpectParsesTo("package foo.bar.baz;\n", "package: \"foo.bar.baz\"");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMiscTest, ParsePackageWithSpaces) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "package foo   .   bar.  \n"
+      "  baz;\n",
+      "package: \"foo.bar.baz\"");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// options
+
+TEST_F(ParseMiscTest, ParseFileOptions) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+      "option java_package = \"com.google.foo\";\n"
+      "option optimize_for = CODE_SIZE;",
+
+      "options {"
+      "uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"java_package\" "
+      "                              is_extension: false }"
+      "                       string_value: \"com.google.foo\"} "
+      "uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"optimize_for\" "
+      "                              is_extension: false }"
+      "                       identifier_value: \"CODE_SIZE\" } "
+      "}");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Error tests
+//
+// There are a very large number of possible errors that the parser could
+// report, so it's infeasible to test every single one of them.  Instead,
+// we test each unique call to AddError() in parser.h.  This does not mean
+// we are testing every possible error that Parser can generate because
+// each variant of the Consume() helper only counts as one unique call to
+// AddError().
+
+typedef ParserTest ParseErrorTest;
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, MissingSyntaxIdentifier) {
+  require_syntax_identifier_ = true;
+  ExpectHasEarlyExitErrors("message TestMessage {}",
+                           "0:0: File must begin with a syntax statement, e.g. "
+                           "'syntax = \"proto2\";'.\n");
+  EXPECT_EQ("", parser_->GetSyntaxIdentifier());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, UnknownSyntaxIdentifier) {
+  ExpectHasEarlyExitErrors(
+      "syntax = \"no_such_syntax\";",
+      "0:9: Unrecognized syntax identifier \"no_such_syntax\".  This parser "
+      "only recognizes \"proto2\" and \"proto3\".\n");
+  EXPECT_EQ("no_such_syntax", parser_->GetSyntaxIdentifier());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, SimpleSyntaxError) {
+  ExpectHasErrors("message TestMessage @#$ { blah }",
+                  "0:20: Expected \"{\".\n");
+  EXPECT_EQ("proto2", parser_->GetSyntaxIdentifier());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ExpectedTopLevel) {
+  ExpectHasErrors("blah;",
+                  "0:0: Expected top-level statement (e.g. \"message\").\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, UnmatchedCloseBrace) {
+  // This used to cause an infinite loop.  Doh.
+  ExpectHasErrors("}",
+                  "0:0: Expected top-level statement (e.g. \"message\").\n"
+                  "0:0: Unmatched \"}\".\n");
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Message errors
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, MessageMissingName) {
+  ExpectHasErrors("message {}", "0:8: Expected message name.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, MessageMissingBody) {
+  ExpectHasErrors("message TestMessage;", "0:19: Expected \"{\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EofInMessage) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {",
+      "0:21: Reached end of input in message definition (missing '}').\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, MissingFieldNumber) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional int32 foo;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:20: Missing field number.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ExpectedFieldNumber) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional int32 foo = ;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:23: Expected field number.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, FieldNumberOutOfRange) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional int32 foo = 0x100000000;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:23: Integer out of range.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, MissingLabel) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  int32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:2: Expected \"required\", \"optional\", or \"repeated\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ExpectedOptionName) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional uint32 foo = 1 [];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:27: Expected identifier.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, NonExtensionOptionNameBeginningWithDot) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional uint32 foo = 1 [.foo=1];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:27: Expected identifier.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, DefaultValueTypeMismatch) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional uint32 foo = 1 [default=true];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:35: Expected integer for field default value.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, DefaultValueNotBoolean) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional bool foo = 1 [default=blah];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:33: Expected \"true\" or \"false\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, DefaultValueNotString) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional string foo = 1 [default=1];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:35: Expected string for field default value.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, DefaultValueUnsignedNegative) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional uint32 foo = 1 [default=-1];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:36: Unsigned field can't have negative default value.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, DefaultValueTooLarge) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional int32  foo = 1 [default= 0x80000000];\n"
+      "  optional int32  foo = 1 [default=-0x80000001];\n"
+      "  optional uint32 foo = 1 [default= 0x100000000];\n"
+      "  optional int64  foo = 1 [default= 0x80000000000000000];\n"
+      "  optional int64  foo = 1 [default=-0x80000000000000001];\n"
+      "  optional uint64 foo = 1 [default= 0x100000000000000000];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:36: Integer out of range.\n"
+      "2:36: Integer out of range.\n"
+      "3:36: Integer out of range.\n"
+      "4:36: Integer out of range.\n"
+      "5:36: Integer out of range.\n"
+      "6:36: Integer out of range.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, JsonNameNotString) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional string foo = 1 [json_name=1];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:37: Expected string for JSON name.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, DuplicateJsonName) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional uint32 foo = 1 [json_name=\"a\",json_name=\"b\"];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:41: Already set option \"json_name\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EnumValueOutOfRange) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "enum TestEnum {\n"
+      "  HEX_TOO_BIG   =  0x80000000;\n"
+      "  HEX_TOO_SMALL = -0x80000001;\n"
+      "  INT_TOO_BIG   =  2147483648;\n"
+      "  INT_TOO_SMALL = -2147483649;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:19: Integer out of range.\n"
+      "2:19: Integer out of range.\n"
+      "3:19: Integer out of range.\n"
+      "4:19: Integer out of range.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EnumAllowAliasFalse) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "enum Foo {\n"
+      "  option allow_alias = false;\n"
+      "  BAR = 1;\n"
+      "  BAZ = 2;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "5:0: \"Foo\" declares 'option allow_alias = false;' which has no "
+      "effect. "
+      "Please remove the declaration.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, UnnecessaryEnumAllowAlias) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "enum Foo {\n"
+      "  option allow_alias = true;\n"
+      "  BAR = 1;\n"
+      "  BAZ = 2;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "5:0: \"Foo\" declares support for enum aliases but no enum values share "
+      "field numbers. Please remove the unnecessary 'option allow_alias = "
+      "true;' "
+      "declaration.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, DefaultValueMissing) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional uint32 foo = 1 [default=];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:35: Expected integer for field default value.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, DefaultValueForGroup) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional group Foo = 1 [default=blah] {}\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:34: Messages can't have default values.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, DuplicateDefaultValue) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional uint32 foo = 1 [default=1,default=2];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:37: Already set option \"default\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, MissingOneofName) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  oneof {\n"
+      "    int32 bar = 1;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:8: Expected oneof name.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, LabelInOneof) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  oneof foo {\n"
+      "    optional int32 bar = 1;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:4: Fields in oneofs must not have labels (required / optional "
+      "/ repeated).\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, MapInOneof) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  oneof foo {\n"
+      "    map<int32, int32> foo_map = 1;\n"
+      "    map message_field = 2;\n"  // a normal message field is OK
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:7: Map fields are not allowed in oneofs.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, LabelForMap) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional map<int32, int32> int_map = 1;\n"
+      "  required map<int32, int32> int_map2 = 2;\n"
+      "  repeated map<int32, int32> int_map3 = 3;\n"
+      "  optional map map_message = 4;\n"  // a normal message field is OK
+      "}\n",
+      "1:14: Field labels (required/optional/repeated) are not allowed on map "
+      "fields.\n"
+      "2:14: Field labels (required/optional/repeated) are not allowed on map "
+      "fields.\n"
+      "3:14: Field labels (required/optional/repeated) are not allowed on map "
+      "fields.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, MalformedMaps) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  map map_message = 1;\n"  // a normal message field lacking label
+      "  map<string> str_map = 2;\n"
+      "  map<string,> str_map2 = 3;\n"
+      "  map<,string> str_map3 = 4;\n"
+      "  map<> empty_map = 5;\n"
+      "  map<string,string str_map6 = 6;\n"
+      "}"
+      "extend SomeMessage {\n"
+      "  map<int32, int32> int_map = 1;\n"
+      "}",
+      "1:6: Expected \"required\", \"optional\", or \"repeated\".\n"
+      "2:12: Expected \",\".\n"
+      "3:13: Expected type name.\n"
+      "4:6: Expected type name.\n"
+      "5:6: Expected type name.\n"
+      "6:20: Expected \">\".\n"
+      "8:5: Map fields are not allowed to be extensions.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, GroupNotCapitalized) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional group foo = 1 {}\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:17: Group names must start with a capital letter.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, GroupMissingBody) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional group Foo = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:24: Missing group body.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ExtendingPrimitive) {
+  ExpectHasErrors("extend int32 { optional string foo = 4; }\n",
+                  "0:7: Expected message type.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ErrorInExtension) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message Foo { extensions 100 to 199; }\n"
+      "extend Foo { optional string foo; }\n",
+      "1:32: Missing field number.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, MultipleParseErrors) {
+  // When a statement has a parse error, the parser should be able to continue
+  // parsing at the next statement.
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional int32 foo;\n"
+      "  !invalid statement ending in a block { blah blah { blah } blah }\n"
+      "  optional int32 bar = 3 {}\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:20: Missing field number.\n"
+      "2:2: Expected \"required\", \"optional\", or \"repeated\".\n"
+      "2:2: Expected type name.\n"
+      "3:25: Expected \";\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EofInAggregateValue) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "option (fileopt) = { i:100\n",
+      "1:0: Unexpected end of stream while parsing aggregate value.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ExplicitOptionalLabelProto3) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "syntax = 'proto3';\n"
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional int32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:11: Explicit 'optional' labels are disallowed in the Proto3 syntax. "
+      "To define 'optional' fields in Proto3, simply remove the 'optional' "
+      "label, as fields are 'optional' by default.\n");
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Enum errors
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EofInEnum) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "enum TestEnum {",
+      "0:15: Reached end of input in enum definition (missing '}').\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EnumValueMissingNumber) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "enum TestEnum {\n"
+      "  FOO;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:5: Missing numeric value for enum constant.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EnumReservedStandaloneMaxNotAllowed) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "enum TestEnum {\n"
+      "  FOO = 1;\n"
+      "  reserved max;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:11: Expected enum value or number range.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EnumReservedMixNameAndNumber) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "enum TestEnum {\n"
+      "  FOO = 1;\n"
+      "  reserved 10, \"foo\";\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:15: Expected enum number range.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EnumReservedPositiveNumberOutOfRange) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "enum TestEnum {\n"
+      "FOO = 1;\n"
+      "  reserved 2147483648;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:11: Integer out of range.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EnumReservedNegativeNumberOutOfRange) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "enum TestEnum {\n"
+      "FOO = 1;\n"
+      "  reserved -2147483649;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:12: Integer out of range.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EnumReservedMissingQuotes) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "enum TestEnum {\n"
+      "  FOO = 1;\n"
+      "  reserved foo;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:11: Expected enum value or number range.\n");
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Reserved field number errors
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ReservedStandaloneMaxNotAllowed) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message Foo {\n"
+      "  reserved max;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:11: Expected field name or number range.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ReservedMixNameAndNumber) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message Foo {\n"
+      "  reserved 10, \"foo\";\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:15: Expected field number range.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ReservedMissingQuotes) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message Foo {\n"
+      "  reserved foo;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:11: Expected field name or number range.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ReservedNegativeNumber) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message Foo {\n"
+      "  reserved -10;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:11: Expected field name or number range.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ReservedNumberOutOfRange) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message Foo {\n"
+      "  reserved 2147483648;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:11: Integer out of range.\n");
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Service errors
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EofInService) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "service TestService {",
+      "0:21: Reached end of input in service definition (missing '}').\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ServiceMethodPrimitiveParams) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "service TestService {\n"
+      "  rpc Foo(int32) returns (string);\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:10: Expected message type.\n"
+      "1:26: Expected message type.\n");
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EofInMethodOptions) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "service TestService {\n"
+      "  rpc Foo(Bar) returns(Bar) {",
+      "1:29: Reached end of input in method options (missing '}').\n"
+      "1:29: Reached end of input in service definition (missing '}').\n");
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, PrimitiveMethodInput) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "service TestService {\n"
+      "  rpc Foo(int32) returns(Bar);\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:10: Expected message type.\n");
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, MethodOptionTypeError) {
+  // This used to cause an infinite loop.
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "message Baz {}\n"
+      "service Foo {\n"
+      "  rpc Bar(Baz) returns(Baz) { option invalid syntax; }\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:45: Expected \"=\".\n");
+}
+
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Import and package errors
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ImportNotQuoted) {
+  ExpectHasErrors("import foo;\n",
+                  "0:7: Expected a string naming the file to import.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, MultiplePackagesInFile) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "package foo;\n"
+      "package bar;\n",
+      "1:0: Multiple package definitions.\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Test that errors detected by DescriptorPool correctly report line and
+// column numbers.  We have one test for every call to RecordLocation() in
+// parser.cc.
+
+typedef ParserTest ParserValidationErrorTest;
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, PackageNameError) {
+  // Create another file which defines symbol "foo".
+  FileDescriptorProto other_file;
+  other_file.set_name("bar.proto");
+  other_file.add_message_type()->set_name("foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(other_file) != NULL);
+
+  // Now try to define it as a package.
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "package foo.bar;",
+      "0:0: \"foo\" is already defined (as something other than a package) "
+      "in file \"bar.proto\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, ImportUnloadedError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "package test;\n"
+      "\n"
+      "import \"unloaded.proto\";",
+      "2:0: Import \"unloaded.proto\" has not been loaded.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, ImportTwice) {
+  FileDescriptorProto other_file;
+  other_file.set_name("bar.proto");
+  other_file.add_message_type()->set_name("foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(other_file) != nullptr);
+
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "package test;\n"
+      "\n"
+      "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+      "  import \"bar.proto\";",
+      "3:2: Import \"bar.proto\" was listed twice.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, DuplicateFileError) {
+  FileDescriptorProto other_file;
+  other_file.set_name("foo.proto");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(other_file) != nullptr);
+
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "package test;", "0:0: A file with this name is already in the pool.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, MessageNameError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "message Foo {}\n"
+      "message Foo {}\n",
+      "1:8: \"Foo\" is already defined.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, FieldNameError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "message Foo {\n"
+      "  optional int32 bar = 1;\n"
+      "  optional int32 bar = 2;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:17: \"bar\" is already defined in \"Foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, FieldTypeError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "message Foo {\n"
+      "  optional Baz bar = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:11: \"Baz\" is not defined.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, FieldNumberError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "message Foo {\n"
+      "  optional int32 bar = 0;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:23: Field numbers must be positive integers.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, FieldExtendeeError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors("extend Baz { optional int32 bar = 1; }\n",
+                            "0:7: \"Baz\" is not defined.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, ExtensionJsonNameError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  extensions 1 to 100;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "extend TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional int32 foo = 12 [json_name = \"bar\"];\n"
+      "}",
+      "4:27: option json_name is not allowed on extension fields.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, FieldDefaultValueError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "enum Baz { QUX = 1; }\n"
+      "message Foo {\n"
+      "  optional Baz bar = 1 [default=NO_SUCH_VALUE];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:32: Enum type \"Baz\" has no value named \"NO_SUCH_VALUE\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, FileOptionNameError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "option foo = 5;",
+      "0:7: Option \"foo\" unknown. Ensure that your proto definition file "
+      "imports the proto which defines the option.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, FileOptionValueError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "option java_outer_classname = 5;",
+      "0:30: Value must be quoted string for string option "
+      "\"google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, FieldOptionNameError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "message Foo {\n"
+      "  optional bool bar = 1 [foo=1];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:25: Option \"foo\" unknown. Ensure that your proto definition file "
+      "imports the proto which defines the option.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, FieldOptionValueError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "message Foo {\n"
+      "  optional int32 bar = 1 [ctype=1];\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:32: Value must be identifier for enum-valued option "
+      "\"google.protobuf.FieldOptions.ctype\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, ExtensionRangeNumberError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "message Foo {\n"
+      "  extensions 0;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:13: Extension numbers must be positive integers.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, Proto3ExtensionError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "syntax = 'proto3';\n"
+      "message Foo { \n"
+      "  extensions 100 to 199;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "extend Foo { string foo = 101; }\n",
+      "4:7: Extensions in proto3 are only allowed for defining options.\n"
+      "2:13: Extension ranges are not allowed in proto3.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, Proto3MessageSet) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "syntax = 'proto3';\n"
+      "message Foo { \n"
+      "  option message_set_wire_format = true;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "1:8: MessageSet is not supported in proto3.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, Proto3Required) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "syntax = 'proto3';\n"
+      "message Foo { \n"
+      "  required int32 field = 1;"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:11: Required fields are not allowed in proto3.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, Proto3Default) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "syntax = 'proto3';\n"
+      "message Foo { \n"
+      "  int32 field = 1 [default = 12];"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:29: Explicit default values are not allowed in proto3.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, Proto3JsonConflictError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "syntax = 'proto3';\n"
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  uint32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "  uint32 Foo = 2;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "3:9: The JSON camel-case name of field \"Foo\" conflicts with field "
+      "\"foo\". This is not allowed in proto3.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, EnumNameError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "enum Foo {A = 1;}\n"
+      "enum Foo {B = 1;}\n",
+      "1:5: \"Foo\" is already defined.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, Proto3EnumError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "syntax = 'proto3';\n"
+      "enum Foo {A = 1;}\n",
+      "1:14: The first enum value must be zero in proto3.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, EnumValueNameError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "enum Foo {\n"
+      "  BAR = 1;\n"
+      "  BAR = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:2: \"BAR\" is already defined.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, EnumValueAliasError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "enum Foo {\n"
+      "  BAR = 1;\n"
+      "  BAZ = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:8: \"BAZ\" uses the same enum value as \"BAR\". If this is "
+      "intended, set 'option allow_alias = true;' to the enum "
+      "definition.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, ExplicitlyMapEntryError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "message Foo {\n"
+      "  message ValueEntry {\n"
+      "    option map_entry = true;\n"
+      "    optional int32 key = 1;\n"
+      "    optional int32 value = 2;\n"
+      "    extensions 99 to 999;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  repeated ValueEntry value = 1;\n"
+      "}",
+      "7:11: map_entry should not be set explicitly. Use "
+      "map<KeyType, ValueType> instead.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, ServiceNameError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "service Foo {}\n"
+      "service Foo {}\n",
+      "1:8: \"Foo\" is already defined.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, MethodNameError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "message Baz {}\n"
+      "service Foo {\n"
+      "  rpc Bar(Baz) returns(Baz);\n"
+      "  rpc Bar(Baz) returns(Baz);\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "3:6: \"Bar\" is already defined in \"Foo\".\n");
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, MethodInputTypeError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "message Baz {}\n"
+      "service Foo {\n"
+      "  rpc Bar(Qux) returns(Baz);\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:10: \"Qux\" is not defined.\n");
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, MethodOutputTypeError) {
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "message Baz {}\n"
+      "service Foo {\n"
+      "  rpc Bar(Baz) returns(Qux);\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:23: \"Qux\" is not defined.\n");
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, ResolvedUndefinedError) {
+  // Create another file which defines symbol ".base.bar".
+  FileDescriptorProto other_file;
+  other_file.set_name("base.proto");
+  other_file.set_package("base");
+  other_file.add_message_type()->set_name("bar");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(other_file) != NULL);
+
+  // Define "foo.base" and try "base.bar".
+  // "base.bar" is resolved to "foo.base.bar" which is not defined.
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "package foo.base;\n"
+      "import \"base.proto\";\n"
+      "message qux {\n"
+      "  optional base.bar baz = 1;\n"
+      "  optional .base.bar quz = 2;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "3:11: \"base.bar\" is resolved to \"foo.base.bar\","
+      " which is not defined. The innermost scope is searched first "
+      "in name resolution. Consider using a leading '.'(i.e., \".base.bar\")"
+      " to start from the outermost scope.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParserValidationErrorTest, ResovledUndefinedOptionError) {
+  // Build descriptor message in test pool
+  FileDescriptorProto descriptor_proto;
+  DescriptorProto::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(&descriptor_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(descriptor_proto) != NULL);
+
+  // base2.proto:
+  //   package baz
+  //   import net/proto2/proto/descriptor.proto
+  //   message Bar { optional int32 foo = 1; }
+  //   extend FileOptions { optional Bar bar = 7672757; }
+  FileDescriptorProto other_file;
+  other_file.set_name("base2.proto");
+  other_file.set_package("baz");
+  other_file.add_dependency();
+  other_file.set_dependency(0, descriptor_proto.name());
+
+  DescriptorProto* message(other_file.add_message_type());
+  message->set_name("Bar");
+  FieldDescriptorProto* field(message->add_field());
+  field->set_name("foo");
+  field->set_number(1);
+  field->set_label(FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL);
+  field->set_type(FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+
+  FieldDescriptorProto* extension(other_file.add_extension());
+  extension->set_name("bar");
+  extension->set_number(7672757);
+  extension->set_label(FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL);
+  extension->set_type(FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_MESSAGE);
+  extension->set_type_name("Bar");
+  extension->set_extendee("google.protobuf.FileOptions");
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(other_file) != NULL);
+
+  // qux.proto:
+  //   package qux.baz
+  //   option (baz.bar).foo = 1;
+  //
+  // Although "baz.bar" is already defined, the lookup code will try
+  // "qux.baz.bar", since it's the match from the innermost scope,
+  // which will cause a symbol not defined error.
+  ExpectHasValidationErrors(
+      "package qux.baz;\n"
+      "import \"base2.proto\";\n"
+      "option (baz.bar).foo = 1;\n",
+      "2:7: Option \"(baz.bar)\" is resolved to \"(qux.baz.bar)\","
+      " which is not defined. The innermost scope is searched first "
+      "in name resolution. Consider using a leading '.'(i.e., \"(.baz.bar)\")"
+      " to start from the outermost scope.\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Test that the output from FileDescriptor::DebugString() (and all other
+// descriptor types) is parseable, and results in the same Descriptor
+// definitions again afoter parsing (note, however, that the order of messages
+// cannot be guaranteed to be the same)
+
+typedef ParserTest ParseDescriptorDebugTest;
+
+class CompareDescriptorNames {
+ public:
+  bool operator()(const DescriptorProto* left,
+                  const DescriptorProto* right) const {
+    return left->name() < right->name();
+  }
+};
+
+// Sorts nested DescriptorProtos of a DescriptoProto, by name.
+void SortMessages(DescriptorProto* descriptor_proto) {
+  int size = descriptor_proto->nested_type_size();
+  // recursively sort; we can't guarantee the order of nested messages either
+  for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+    SortMessages(descriptor_proto->mutable_nested_type(i));
+  }
+  DescriptorProto** data =
+      descriptor_proto->mutable_nested_type()->mutable_data();
+  std::sort(data, data + size, CompareDescriptorNames());
+}
+
+// Sorts DescriptorProtos belonging to a FileDescriptorProto, by name.
+void SortMessages(FileDescriptorProto* file_descriptor_proto) {
+  int size = file_descriptor_proto->message_type_size();
+  // recursively sort; we can't guarantee the order of nested messages either
+  for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+    SortMessages(file_descriptor_proto->mutable_message_type(i));
+  }
+  DescriptorProto** data =
+      file_descriptor_proto->mutable_message_type()->mutable_data();
+  std::sort(data, data + size, CompareDescriptorNames());
+}
+
+// Strips the message and enum field type names for comparison purpose only.
+void StripFieldTypeName(DescriptorProto* proto) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto->field_size(); ++i) {
+    std::string type_name = proto->field(i).type_name();
+    std::string::size_type pos = type_name.find_last_of(".");
+    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+      proto->mutable_field(i)->mutable_type_name()->assign(
+          type_name.begin() + pos + 1, type_name.end());
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto->nested_type_size(); ++i) {
+    StripFieldTypeName(proto->mutable_nested_type(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void StripFieldTypeName(FileDescriptorProto* file_proto) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_proto->message_type_size(); ++i) {
+    StripFieldTypeName(file_proto->mutable_message_type(i));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseDescriptorDebugTest, TestAllDescriptorTypes) {
+  const FileDescriptor* original_file =
+      protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor()->file();
+  FileDescriptorProto expected;
+  original_file->CopyTo(&expected);
+
+  // Get the DebugString of the unittest.proto FileDecriptor, which includes
+  // all other descriptor types
+  std::string debug_string = original_file->DebugString();
+
+  // Parse the debug string
+  SetupParser(debug_string.c_str());
+  FileDescriptorProto parsed;
+  parser_->Parse(input_.get(), &parsed);
+  EXPECT_EQ(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_END, input_->current().type);
+  ASSERT_EQ("", error_collector_.text_) << "Failed to parse:\n" << debug_string;
+
+  // We now have a FileDescriptorProto, but to compare with the expected we
+  // need to link to a FileDecriptor, then output back to a proto. We'll
+  // also need to give it the same name as the original.
+  parsed.set_name(
+      TestUtil::MaybeTranslatePath("net/proto2/internal/unittest.proto"));
+  // We need the imported dependency before we can build our parsed proto
+  const FileDescriptor* public_import =
+      protobuf_unittest_import::PublicImportMessage::descriptor()->file();
+  FileDescriptorProto public_import_proto;
+  public_import->CopyTo(&public_import_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(public_import_proto) != NULL);
+  const FileDescriptor* import =
+      protobuf_unittest_import::ImportMessage::descriptor()->file();
+  FileDescriptorProto import_proto;
+  import->CopyTo(&import_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(import_proto) != NULL);
+  const FileDescriptor* actual = pool_.BuildFile(parsed);
+  parsed.Clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(actual != NULL) << "Failed to validate:\n" << debug_string;
+  actual->CopyTo(&parsed);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(actual != NULL);
+
+  // The messages might be in different orders, making them hard to compare.
+  // So, sort the messages in the descriptor protos (including nested messages,
+  // recursively).
+  SortMessages(&expected);
+  SortMessages(&parsed);
+
+  // I really wanted to use StringDiff here for the debug output on fail,
+  // but the strings are too long for it, and if I increase its max size,
+  // we get a memory allocation failure :(
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected.DebugString(), parsed.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseDescriptorDebugTest, TestCustomOptions) {
+  const FileDescriptor* original_file =
+      protobuf_unittest::AggregateMessage::descriptor()->file();
+  FileDescriptorProto expected;
+  original_file->CopyTo(&expected);
+
+  std::string debug_string = original_file->DebugString();
+
+  // Parse the debug string
+  SetupParser(debug_string.c_str());
+  FileDescriptorProto parsed;
+  parser_->Parse(input_.get(), &parsed);
+  EXPECT_EQ(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_END, input_->current().type);
+  ASSERT_EQ("", error_collector_.text_);
+
+  // We now have a FileDescriptorProto, but to compare with the expected we
+  // need to link to a FileDecriptor, then output back to a proto. We'll
+  // also need to give it the same name as the original.
+  parsed.set_name(original_file->name());
+
+  // unittest_custom_options.proto depends on descriptor.proto.
+  const FileDescriptor* import = FileDescriptorProto::descriptor()->file();
+  FileDescriptorProto import_proto;
+  import->CopyTo(&import_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(import_proto) != NULL);
+  const FileDescriptor* actual = pool_.BuildFile(parsed);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(actual != NULL);
+  parsed.Clear();
+  actual->CopyTo(&parsed);
+
+  // The messages might be in different orders, making them hard to compare.
+  // So, sort the messages in the descriptor protos (including nested messages,
+  // recursively).
+  SortMessages(&expected);
+  SortMessages(&parsed);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected.DebugString(), parsed.DebugString());
+}
+
+// Ensure that DebugStringWithOptions(), with |include_comments| set to true,
+// includes comments from the original parser input in all of the appropriate
+// places.
+TEST_F(ParseDescriptorDebugTest, TestCommentsInDebugString) {
+  SetupParser(
+      "// Detached comment before syntax.\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// Syntax comment.\n"
+      "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// Detached comment before package.\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// Package comment.\n"
+      "package comment_test;\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// Detached comment before TestMessage1.\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// Message comment.\n"
+      "//\n"
+      "// More detail in message comment.\n"
+      "message TestMessage1 {\n"
+      "\n"
+      "  // Detached comment before foo.\n"
+      "\n"
+      "  // Field comment.\n"
+      "  optional int32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "\n"
+      "  // Detached comment before NestedMessage.\n"
+      "\n"
+      "  // Nested-message comment.\n"
+      "  message NestedMessage {\n"
+      "    optional int32 bar = 1;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// Detached comment before MyEnumType.\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// Enum comment.\n"
+      "enum MyEnumType {\n"
+      "\n"
+      "  // Detached comment before ASDF.\n"
+      "\n"
+      "  // Enum-value comment.\n"
+      "  ASDF = 1;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// Detached comment before MyService.\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// Service comment.\n"
+      "service MyService {\n"
+      "\n"
+      "  // Detached comment before MyRPCCall.\n"
+      "\n"
+      "  // RPC comment.\n"
+      "  rpc MyRPCCall(TestMessage1) returns (TestMessage1) { }\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  FileDescriptorProto parsed_desc;
+  parsed_desc.set_name("foo.proto");
+  SourceLocationTable source_locations;
+  parser_->RecordSourceLocationsTo(&source_locations);
+  parser_->Parse(input_.get(), &parsed_desc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_END, input_->current().type);
+  ASSERT_EQ("", error_collector_.text_);
+
+  // We need to import the FileDescriptorProto to get a FileDescriptor.
+  MockValidationErrorCollector collector(source_locations, &error_collector_);
+  const FileDescriptor* descriptor =
+      pool_.BuildFileCollectingErrors(parsed_desc, &collector);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(descriptor != NULL);
+
+  // Ensure that each of the comments appears somewhere in the DebugString().
+  // We don't test the exact comment placement or formatting, because we do not
+  // want to be too fragile here.
+  const char* expected_comments[] = {
+      "Detached comment before syntax.",
+      "Syntax comment.",
+      "Detached comment before package.",
+      "Package comment.",
+      "Detached comment before TestMessage1.",
+      "Message comment.",
+      "More detail in message comment.",
+      "Detached comment before foo.",
+      "Field comment",
+      "Detached comment before NestedMessage.",
+      "Nested-message comment",
+      "Detached comment before MyEnumType.",
+      "Enum comment",
+      "Detached comment before ASDF.",
+      "Enum-value comment",
+      "Detached comment before MyService.",
+      "Service comment",
+      "Detached comment before MyRPCCall.",
+      "RPC comment",
+  };
+
+  DebugStringOptions debug_string_options;
+  debug_string_options.include_comments = true;
+
+  {
+    const std::string debug_string =
+        descriptor->DebugStringWithOptions(debug_string_options);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(expected_comments); ++i) {
+      std::string::size_type found_pos =
+          debug_string.find(expected_comments[i]);
+      EXPECT_TRUE(found_pos != std::string::npos)
+          << "\"" << expected_comments[i] << "\" not found.";
+    }
+
+    // Result of DebugStringWithOptions should be parseable.
+    SetupParser(debug_string.c_str());
+    FileDescriptorProto parsed;
+    parser_->Parse(input_.get(), &parsed);
+    EXPECT_EQ(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_END, input_->current().type);
+    ASSERT_EQ("", error_collector_.text_) << "Failed to parse:\n"
+                                          << debug_string;
+  }
+
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseDescriptorDebugTest, TestMaps) {
+  SetupParser(
+      "syntax = \"proto3\"; "
+      "message Foo { "
+      "  message Bar { } "
+      "  map<int32, Bar> enum_message_map = 1; "
+      "  map<string, float> primitive_map = 2; "
+      "} ");
+  FileDescriptorProto original;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser_->Parse(input_.get(), &original));
+  original.set_name("foo.proto");
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool_.BuildFile(original);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != NULL);
+
+  // Make sure the debug string uses map syntax and does not have the auto
+  // generated entry.
+  std::string debug_string = file->DebugString();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(debug_string.find("map<") != std::string::npos);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(debug_string.find("option map_entry") == std::string::npos);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(debug_string.find("MapEntry") == std::string::npos);
+
+  // Make sure the descriptor debug string is parsable.
+  FileDescriptorProto parsed;
+  SetupParser(debug_string.c_str());
+  parsed.set_name("foo.proto");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parser_->Parse(input_.get(), &parsed));
+
+  original.clear_source_code_info();
+  parsed.clear_source_code_info();
+  StripFieldTypeName(&original);
+  StripFieldTypeName(&parsed);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.DebugString(), parsed.DebugString());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// SourceCodeInfo tests.
+
+// Follows a path -- as defined by SourceCodeInfo.Location.path -- from a
+// message to a particular sub-field.
+// * If the target is itself a message, sets *output_message to point at it,
+//   *output_field to NULL, and *output_index to -1.
+// * Otherwise, if the target is an element of a repeated field, sets
+//   *output_message to the containing message, *output_field to the descriptor
+//   of the field, and *output_index to the index of the element.
+// * Otherwise, the target is a field (possibly a repeated field, but not any
+//   one element).  Sets *output_message to the containing message,
+//   *output_field to the descriptor of the field, and *output_index to -1.
+// Returns true if the path was valid, false otherwise.  A gTest failure is
+// recorded before returning false.
+bool FollowPath(const Message& root, const int* path_begin, const int* path_end,
+                const Message** output_message,
+                const FieldDescriptor** output_field, int* output_index) {
+  if (path_begin == path_end) {
+    // Path refers to this whole message.
+    *output_message = &root;
+    *output_field = NULL;
+    *output_index = -1;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = root.GetDescriptor();
+  const Reflection* reflection = root.GetReflection();
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor->FindFieldByNumber(*path_begin);
+
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << descriptor->name()
+                  << " has no field number: " << *path_begin;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  ++path_begin;
+
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    if (path_begin == path_end) {
+      // Path refers to the whole repeated field.
+      *output_message = &root;
+      *output_field = field;
+      *output_index = -1;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    int index = *path_begin++;
+    int size = reflection->FieldSize(root, field);
+
+    if (index >= size) {
+      ADD_FAILURE() << descriptor->name() << "." << field->name()
+                    << " has size " << size
+                    << ", but path contained index: " << index;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      // Descend into child message.
+      const Message& child = reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(root, field, index);
+      return FollowPath(child, path_begin, path_end, output_message,
+                        output_field, output_index);
+    } else if (path_begin == path_end) {
+      // Path refers to this element.
+      *output_message = &root;
+      *output_field = field;
+      *output_index = index;
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      ADD_FAILURE() << descriptor->name() << "." << field->name()
+                    << " is not a message; cannot descend into it.";
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      const Message& child = reflection->GetMessage(root, field);
+      return FollowPath(child, path_begin, path_end, output_message,
+                        output_field, output_index);
+    } else if (path_begin == path_end) {
+      // Path refers to this field.
+      *output_message = &root;
+      *output_field = field;
+      *output_index = -1;
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      ADD_FAILURE() << descriptor->name() << "." << field->name()
+                    << " is not a message; cannot descend into it.";
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Check if two spans are equal.
+bool CompareSpans(const RepeatedField<int>& span1,
+                  const RepeatedField<int>& span2) {
+  if (span1.size() != span2.size()) return false;
+  for (int i = 0; i < span1.size(); i++) {
+    if (span1.Get(i) != span2.Get(i)) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Test fixture for source info tests, which check that source locations are
+// recorded correctly in FileDescriptorProto.source_code_info.location.
+class SourceInfoTest : public ParserTest {
+ protected:
+  // The parsed file (initialized by Parse()).
+  FileDescriptorProto file_;
+
+  // Parse the given text as a .proto file and populate the spans_ map with
+  // all the source location spans in its SourceCodeInfo table.
+  bool Parse(const char* text) {
+    ExtractMarkers(text);
+    SetupParser(text_without_markers_.c_str());
+    if (!parser_->Parse(input_.get(), &file_)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const SourceCodeInfo& source_info = file_.source_code_info();
+    for (int i = 0; i < source_info.location_size(); i++) {
+      const SourceCodeInfo::Location& location = source_info.location(i);
+      const Message* descriptor_proto = NULL;
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = NULL;
+      int index = 0;
+      if (!FollowPath(file_, location.path().begin(), location.path().end(),
+                      &descriptor_proto, &field, &index)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      spans_.insert(
+          std::make_pair(SpanKey(*descriptor_proto, field, index), &location));
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(spans_.empty()) << "Forgot to call HasSpan() for:\n"
+                                << spans_.begin()->second->DebugString();
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // HasSpan() checks that the span of source code delimited by the given
+  // tags (comments) correspond via the SourceCodeInfo table to the given
+  // part of the FileDescriptorProto.  (If unclear, look at the actual tests;
+  // it should quickly become obvious.)
+
+  bool HasSpan(char start_marker, char end_marker,
+               const Message& descriptor_proto) {
+    return HasSpanWithComment(start_marker, end_marker, descriptor_proto, NULL,
+                              -1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  }
+
+  bool HasSpanWithComment(char start_marker, char end_marker,
+                          const Message& descriptor_proto,
+                          const char* expected_leading_comments,
+                          const char* expected_trailing_comments,
+                          const char* expected_leading_detached_comments) {
+    return HasSpanWithComment(start_marker, end_marker, descriptor_proto, NULL,
+                              -1, expected_leading_comments,
+                              expected_trailing_comments,
+                              expected_leading_detached_comments);
+  }
+
+  bool HasSpan(char start_marker, char end_marker,
+               const Message& descriptor_proto, const std::string& field_name) {
+    return HasSpan(start_marker, end_marker, descriptor_proto, field_name, -1);
+  }
+
+  bool HasSpan(char start_marker, char end_marker,
+               const Message& descriptor_proto, const std::string& field_name,
+               int index) {
+    return HasSpan(start_marker, end_marker, descriptor_proto, field_name,
+                   index, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  }
+
+  bool HasSpan(char start_marker, char end_marker,
+               const Message& descriptor_proto, const std::string& field_name,
+               int index, const char* expected_leading_comments,
+               const char* expected_trailing_comments,
+               const char* expected_leading_detached_comments) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field =
+        descriptor_proto.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName(field_name);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      ADD_FAILURE() << descriptor_proto.GetDescriptor()->name()
+                    << " has no such field: " << field_name;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return HasSpanWithComment(start_marker, end_marker, descriptor_proto, field,
+                              index, expected_leading_comments,
+                              expected_trailing_comments,
+                              expected_leading_detached_comments);
+  }
+
+  bool HasSpan(const Message& descriptor_proto) {
+    return HasSpanWithComment('\0', '\0', descriptor_proto, NULL, -1, NULL,
+                              NULL, NULL);
+  }
+
+  bool HasSpan(const Message& descriptor_proto, const std::string& field_name) {
+    return HasSpan('\0', '\0', descriptor_proto, field_name, -1);
+  }
+
+  bool HasSpanWithComment(char start_marker, char end_marker,
+                          const Message& descriptor_proto,
+                          const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,
+                          const char* expected_leading_comments,
+                          const char* expected_trailing_comments,
+                          const char* expected_leading_detached_comments) {
+    std::pair<SpanMap::iterator, SpanMap::iterator> range =
+        spans_.equal_range(SpanKey(descriptor_proto, field, index));
+
+    if (start_marker == '\0') {
+      if (range.first == range.second) {
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        spans_.erase(range.first);
+        return true;
+      }
+    } else {
+      std::pair<int, int> start_pos = FindOrDie(markers_, start_marker);
+      std::pair<int, int> end_pos = FindOrDie(markers_, end_marker);
+
+      RepeatedField<int> expected_span;
+      expected_span.Add(start_pos.first);
+      expected_span.Add(start_pos.second);
+      if (end_pos.first != start_pos.first) {
+        expected_span.Add(end_pos.first);
+      }
+      expected_span.Add(end_pos.second);
+
+      for (SpanMap::iterator iter = range.first; iter != range.second; ++iter) {
+        if (CompareSpans(expected_span, iter->second->span())) {
+          if (expected_leading_comments == NULL) {
+            EXPECT_FALSE(iter->second->has_leading_comments());
+          } else {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(iter->second->has_leading_comments());
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected_leading_comments,
+                      iter->second->leading_comments());
+          }
+          if (expected_trailing_comments == NULL) {
+            EXPECT_FALSE(iter->second->has_trailing_comments());
+          } else {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(iter->second->has_trailing_comments());
+            EXPECT_EQ(expected_trailing_comments,
+                      iter->second->trailing_comments());
+          }
+          if (expected_leading_detached_comments == NULL) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(0, iter->second->leading_detached_comments_size());
+          } else {
+            EXPECT_EQ(
+                expected_leading_detached_comments,
+                Join(iter->second->leading_detached_comments(), "\n"));
+          }
+
+          spans_.erase(iter);
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  struct SpanKey {
+    const Message* descriptor_proto;
+    const FieldDescriptor* field;
+    int index;
+
+    inline SpanKey() {}
+    inline SpanKey(const Message& descriptor_proto_param,
+                   const FieldDescriptor* field_param, int index_param)
+        : descriptor_proto(&descriptor_proto_param),
+          field(field_param),
+          index(index_param) {}
+
+    inline bool operator<(const SpanKey& other) const {
+      if (descriptor_proto < other.descriptor_proto) return true;
+      if (descriptor_proto > other.descriptor_proto) return false;
+      if (field < other.field) return true;
+      if (field > other.field) return false;
+      return index < other.index;
+    }
+  };
+
+  typedef std::multimap<SpanKey, const SourceCodeInfo::Location*> SpanMap;
+  SpanMap spans_;
+  std::map<char, std::pair<int, int> > markers_;
+  std::string text_without_markers_;
+
+  void ExtractMarkers(const char* text) {
+    markers_.clear();
+    text_without_markers_.clear();
+    int line = 0;
+    int column = 0;
+    while (*text != '\0') {
+      if (*text == '$') {
+        ++text;
+        GOOGLE_CHECK_NE('\0', *text);
+        if (*text == '$') {
+          text_without_markers_ += '$';
+          ++column;
+        } else {
+          markers_[*text] = std::make_pair(line, column);
+          ++text;
+          GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ('$', *text);
+        }
+      } else if (*text == '\n') {
+        ++line;
+        column = 0;
+        text_without_markers_ += *text;
+      } else {
+        text_without_markers_ += *text;
+        ++column;
+      }
+      ++text;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, BasicFileDecls) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("$a$syntax = \"proto2\";$i$\n"
+            "$b$package foo.bar;$c$\n"
+            "$d$import \"baz.proto\";$e$\n"
+            "$f$import\"qux.proto\";$h$\n"
+            "$j$import $k$public$l$ \"bar.proto\";$m$\n"
+            "$n$import $o$weak$p$ \"bar.proto\";$q$\n"
+            "\n"
+            "// comment ignored\n"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'q', file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', file_, "package"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('d', 'e', file_, "dependency", 0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'h', file_, "dependency", 1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('j', 'm', file_, "dependency", 2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('k', 'l', file_, "public_dependency", 0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('n', 'q', file_, "dependency", 3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('o', 'p', file_, "weak_dependency", 0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'i', file_, "syntax"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, Messages) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("$a$message $b$Foo$c$ {}$d$\n"
+            "$e$message $f$Bar$g$ {}$h$\n"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'd', file_.message_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', file_.message_type(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('e', 'h', file_.message_type(1)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'g', file_.message_type(1), "name"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, Fields) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("message Foo {\n"
+            "  $a$optional$b$ $c$int32$d$ $e$bar$f$ = $g$1$h$;$i$\n"
+            "  $j$repeated$k$ $l$X.Y$m$ $n$baz$o$ = $p$2$q$;$r$\n"
+            "}\n"));
+
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& field1 = file_.message_type(0).field(0);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& field2 = file_.message_type(0).field(1);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'i', field1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'b', field1, "label"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('c', 'd', field1, "type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('e', 'f', field1, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('g', 'h', field1, "number"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('j', 'r', field2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('j', 'k', field2, "label"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('l', 'm', field2, "type_name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('n', 'o', field2, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('p', 'q', field2, "number"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0), "name"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, Proto3Fields) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("syntax = \"proto3\";\n"
+            "message Foo {\n"
+            "  $a$int32$b$ $c$bar$d$ = $e$1$f$;$g$\n"
+            "  $h$repeated$i$ $j$X.Y$k$ $l$baz$m$ = $n$2$o$;$p$\n"
+            "}\n"));
+
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& field1 = file_.message_type(0).field(0);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& field2 = file_.message_type(0).field(1);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'g', field1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'b', field1, "type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('c', 'd', field1, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('e', 'f', field1, "number"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('h', 'p', field2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('h', 'i', field2, "label"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('j', 'k', field2, "type_name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('l', 'm', field2, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('n', 'o', field2, "number"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_, "syntax"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0), "name"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, Extensions) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("$a$extend $b$Foo$c$ {\n"
+            "  $d$optional$e$ int32 bar = 1;$f$\n"
+            "  $g$repeated$h$ X.Y baz = 2;$i$\n"
+            "}$j$\n"
+            "$k$extend $l$Bar$m$ {\n"
+            "  $n$optional int32 qux = 1;$o$\n"
+            "}$p$\n"));
+
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& field1 = file_.extension(0);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& field2 = file_.extension(1);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& field3 = file_.extension(2);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'j', file_, "extension"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('k', 'p', file_, "extension"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('d', 'f', field1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('d', 'e', field1, "label"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', field1, "extendee"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('g', 'i', field2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('g', 'h', field2, "label"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', field2, "extendee"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('n', 'o', field3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('l', 'm', field3, "extendee"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field1, "type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field1, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field1, "number"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field2, "type_name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field2, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field2, "number"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field3, "label"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field3, "type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field3, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field3, "number"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, NestedExtensions) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("message Message {\n"
+            "  $a$extend $b$Foo$c$ {\n"
+            "    $d$optional$e$ int32 bar = 1;$f$\n"
+            "    $g$repeated$h$ X.Y baz = 2;$i$\n"
+            "  }$j$\n"
+            "  $k$extend $l$Bar$m$ {\n"
+            "    $n$optional int32 qux = 1;$o$\n"
+            "  }$p$\n"
+            "}\n"));
+
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& field1 = file_.message_type(0).extension(0);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& field2 = file_.message_type(0).extension(1);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& field3 = file_.message_type(0).extension(2);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'j', file_.message_type(0), "extension"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('k', 'p', file_.message_type(0), "extension"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('d', 'f', field1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('d', 'e', field1, "label"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', field1, "extendee"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('g', 'i', field2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('g', 'h', field2, "label"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', field2, "extendee"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('n', 'o', field3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('l', 'm', field3, "extendee"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field1, "type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field1, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field1, "number"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field2, "type_name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field2, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field2, "number"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field3, "label"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field3, "type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field3, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field3, "number"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, ExtensionRanges) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("message Message {\n"
+            "  $a$extensions $b$1$c$ to $d$4$e$, $f$6$g$;$h$\n"
+            "  $i$extensions $j$8$k$ to $l$max$m$;$n$\n"
+            "}\n"));
+
+  const DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange& range1 =
+      file_.message_type(0).extension_range(0);
+  const DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange& range2 =
+      file_.message_type(0).extension_range(1);
+  const DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange& range3 =
+      file_.message_type(0).extension_range(2);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'h', file_.message_type(0), "extension_range"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('i', 'n', file_.message_type(0), "extension_range"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'e', range1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', range1, "start"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('d', 'e', range1, "end"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'g', range2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'g', range2, "start"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'g', range2, "end"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('j', 'm', range3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('j', 'k', range3, "start"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('l', 'm', range3, "end"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0), "name"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, ReservedRanges) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("message Message {\n"
+            "  $a$reserved $b$1$c$ to $d$4$e$, $f$6$g$;$h$\n"
+            "}\n"));
+
+  const DescriptorProto::ReservedRange& range1 =
+      file_.message_type(0).reserved_range(0);
+  const DescriptorProto::ReservedRange& range2 =
+      file_.message_type(0).reserved_range(1);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'h', file_.message_type(0), "reserved_range"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'e', range1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', range1, "start"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('d', 'e', range1, "end"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'g', range2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'g', range2, "start"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'g', range2, "end"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0), "name"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, Oneofs) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("message Foo {\n"
+            "  $a$oneof $c$foo$d$ {\n"
+            "    $e$int32$f$ $g$a$h$ = $i$1$j$;$k$\n"
+            "  }$r$\n"
+            "}\n"));
+
+  const OneofDescriptorProto& oneof_decl = file_.message_type(0).oneof_decl(0);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& field = file_.message_type(0).field(0);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'r', oneof_decl));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('c', 'd', oneof_decl, "name"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('e', 'k', field));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('e', 'f', field, "type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('g', 'h', field, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('i', 'j', field, "number"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0), "name"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, NestedMessages) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("message Foo {\n"
+            "  $a$message $b$Bar$c$ {\n"
+            "    $d$message $e$Baz$f$ {}$g$\n"
+            "  }$h$\n"
+            "  $i$message $j$Qux$k$ {}$l$\n"
+            "}\n"));
+
+  const DescriptorProto& bar = file_.message_type(0).nested_type(0);
+  const DescriptorProto& baz = bar.nested_type(0);
+  const DescriptorProto& qux = file_.message_type(0).nested_type(1);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'h', bar));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', bar, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('d', 'g', baz));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('e', 'f', baz, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('i', 'l', qux));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('j', 'k', qux, "name"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0), "name"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, Groups) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("message Foo {\n"
+            "  message Bar {}\n"
+            "  $a$optional$b$ $c$group$d$ $e$Baz$f$ = $g$1$h$ {\n"
+            "    $i$message Qux {}$j$\n"
+            "  }$k$\n"
+            "}\n"));
+
+  const DescriptorProto& bar = file_.message_type(0).nested_type(0);
+  const DescriptorProto& baz = file_.message_type(0).nested_type(1);
+  const DescriptorProto& qux = baz.nested_type(0);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& field = file_.message_type(0).field(0);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'k', field));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'b', field, "label"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('c', 'd', field, "type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('e', 'f', field, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('e', 'f', field, "type_name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('g', 'h', field, "number"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'k', baz));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('e', 'f', baz, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('i', 'j', qux));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(qux, "name"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, Enums) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("$a$enum $b$Foo$c$ {}$d$\n"
+            "$e$enum $f$Bar$g$ {}$h$\n"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'd', file_.enum_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', file_.enum_type(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('e', 'h', file_.enum_type(1)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'g', file_.enum_type(1), "name"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, EnumValues) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("enum Foo {\n"
+            "  $a$BAR$b$ = $c$1$d$;$e$\n"
+            "  $f$BAZ$g$ = $h$2$i$;$j$\n"
+            "}"));
+
+  const EnumValueDescriptorProto& bar = file_.enum_type(0).value(0);
+  const EnumValueDescriptorProto& baz = file_.enum_type(0).value(1);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'e', bar));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'b', bar, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('c', 'd', bar, "number"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'j', baz));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'g', baz, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('h', 'i', baz, "number"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.enum_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.enum_type(0), "name"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, NestedEnums) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("message Foo {\n"
+            "  $a$enum $b$Bar$c$ {}$d$\n"
+            "  $e$enum $f$Baz$g$ {}$h$\n"
+            "}\n"));
+
+  const EnumDescriptorProto& bar = file_.message_type(0).enum_type(0);
+  const EnumDescriptorProto& baz = file_.message_type(0).enum_type(1);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'd', bar));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', bar, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('e', 'h', baz));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'g', baz, "name"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0), "name"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, Services) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("$a$service $b$Foo$c$ {}$d$\n"
+            "$e$service $f$Bar$g$ {}$h$\n"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'd', file_.service(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', file_.service(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('e', 'h', file_.service(1)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'g', file_.service(1), "name"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, MethodsAndStreams) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("service Foo {\n"
+            "  $a$rpc $b$Bar$c$($d$X$e$) returns($f$Y$g$);$h$"
+            "  $i$rpc $j$Baz$k$($l$Z$m$) returns($n$W$o$);$p$"
+            "}"));
+
+  const MethodDescriptorProto& bar = file_.service(0).method(0);
+  const MethodDescriptorProto& baz = file_.service(0).method(1);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'h', bar));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', bar, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('d', 'e', bar, "input_type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'g', bar, "output_type"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('i', 'p', baz));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('j', 'k', baz, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('l', 'm', baz, "input_type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('n', 'o', baz, "output_type"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0), "name"));
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, Options) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("$a$option $b$foo$c$.$d$($e$bar.baz$f$)$g$ = "
+            "$h$123$i$;$j$\n"
+            "$k$option qux = $l$-123$m$;$n$\n"
+            "$o$option corge = $p$abc$q$;$r$\n"
+            "$s$option grault = $t$'blah'$u$;$v$\n"
+            "$w$option garply = $x${ yadda yadda }$y$;$z$\n"
+            "$0$option waldo = $1$123.0$2$;$3$\n"));
+
+  const UninterpretedOption& option1 = file_.options().uninterpreted_option(0);
+  const UninterpretedOption& option2 = file_.options().uninterpreted_option(1);
+  const UninterpretedOption& option3 = file_.options().uninterpreted_option(2);
+  const UninterpretedOption& option4 = file_.options().uninterpreted_option(3);
+  const UninterpretedOption& option5 = file_.options().uninterpreted_option(4);
+  const UninterpretedOption& option6 = file_.options().uninterpreted_option(5);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'j', file_.options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'j', option1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'g', option1, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', option1.name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', option1.name(0), "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('d', 'g', option1.name(1)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('e', 'f', option1.name(1), "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('h', 'i', option1, "positive_int_value"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('k', 'n', file_.options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('l', 'm', option2, "negative_int_value"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('o', 'r', file_.options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('p', 'q', option3, "identifier_value"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('s', 'v', file_.options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('t', 'u', option4, "string_value"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('w', 'z', file_.options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('x', 'y', option5, "aggregate_value"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('0', '3', file_.options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('1', '2', option6, "double_value"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option4));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option5));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option6));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option2, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option3, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option4, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option5, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option6, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option2.name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option3.name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option4.name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option5.name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option6.name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option2.name(0), "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option3.name(0), "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option4.name(0), "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option5.name(0), "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option6.name(0), "name_part"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, ScopedOptions) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("message Foo {\n"
+            "  $a$option mopt = 1;$b$\n"
+            "}\n"
+            "enum Bar {\n"
+            "  $c$option eopt = 1;$d$\n"
+            "}\n"
+            "service Baz {\n"
+            "  $e$option sopt = 1;$f$\n"
+            "  rpc M(X) returns(Y) {\n"
+            "    $g$option mopt = 1;$h$\n"
+            "  }\n"
+            "  rpc MS4($1$stream$2$ X) returns($3$stream$4$ Y) {\n"
+            "    $k$option mopt = 1;$l$\n"
+            "  }\n"
+            "}\n"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'b', file_.message_type(0).options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('c', 'd', file_.enum_type(0).options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('e', 'f', file_.service(0).options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('g', 'h', file_.service(0).method(0).options()));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan(file_.message_type(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan(file_.message_type(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0).name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan(file_.message_type(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0).name(0),
+              "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0),
+                      "positive_int_value"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.enum_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.enum_type(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.enum_type(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan(file_.enum_type(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan(file_.enum_type(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0).name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan(file_.enum_type(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0).name(0),
+              "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.enum_type(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0),
+                      "positive_int_value"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan(file_.service(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan(file_.service(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0).name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(
+      file_.service(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0).name(0), "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0),
+                      "positive_int_value"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(0), "input_type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(0), "output_type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(
+      file_.service(0).method(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(
+      file_.service(0).method(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0).name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(
+      file_.service(0).method(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0).name(0),
+      "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(0).options().uninterpreted_option(0),
+              "positive_int_value"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('k', 'l', file_.service(0).method(1).options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1), "input_type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1), "output_type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1).options().uninterpreted_option(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(
+      file_.service(0).method(1).options().uninterpreted_option(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(
+      file_.service(0).method(1).options().uninterpreted_option(0).name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(
+      file_.service(0).method(1).options().uninterpreted_option(0).name(0),
+      "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1).options().uninterpreted_option(0),
+              "positive_int_value"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan('1', '2', file_.service(0).method(1), "client_streaming"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan('3', '4', file_.service(0).method(1), "server_streaming"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, FieldOptions) {
+  // The actual "name = value" pairs are parsed by the same code as for
+  // top-level options so we won't re-test that -- just make sure that the
+  // syntax used for field options is understood.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("message Foo {"
+            "  optional int32 bar = 1 "
+            "$a$[default=$b$123$c$,$d$opt1=123$e$,"
+            "$f$opt2='hi'$g$]$h$;"
+            "}\n"));
+
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& field = file_.message_type(0).field(0);
+  const UninterpretedOption& option1 = field.options().uninterpreted_option(0);
+  const UninterpretedOption& option2 = field.options().uninterpreted_option(1);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'h', field.options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', field, "default_value"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('d', 'e', option1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'g', option2));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.message_type(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field, "label"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field, "type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(field, "number"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option1, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option2, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option1.name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option2.name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option1.name(0), "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option2.name(0), "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option1, "positive_int_value"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option2, "string_value"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, EnumValueOptions) {
+  // The actual "name = value" pairs are parsed by the same code as for
+  // top-level options so we won't re-test that -- just make sure that the
+  // syntax used for enum options is understood.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("enum Foo {"
+            "  BAR = 1 $a$[$b$opt1=123$c$,$d$opt2='hi'$e$]$f$;"
+            "}\n"));
+
+  const EnumValueDescriptorProto& value = file_.enum_type(0).value(0);
+  const UninterpretedOption& option1 = value.options().uninterpreted_option(0);
+  const UninterpretedOption& option2 = value.options().uninterpreted_option(1);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'f', value.options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', option1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('d', 'e', option2));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.enum_type(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.enum_type(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(value));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(value, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(value, "number"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option1, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option2, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option1.name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option2.name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option1.name(0), "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option2.name(0), "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option1, "positive_int_value"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(option2, "string_value"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocComments) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("// Foo leading\n"
+            "// line 2\n"
+            "$a$message Foo {\n"
+            "  // Foo trailing\n"
+            "  // line 2\n"
+            "\n"
+            "  // detached\n"
+            "\n"
+            "  // bar leading\n"
+            "  $b$optional int32 bar = 1;$c$\n"
+            "  // bar trailing\n"
+            "}$d$\n"
+            "// ignored\n"));
+
+  const DescriptorProto& foo = file_.message_type(0);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& bar = foo.field(0);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('a', 'd', foo, " Foo leading\n line 2\n",
+                                 " Foo trailing\n line 2\n", NULL));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('b', 'c', bar, " bar leading\n",
+                                 " bar trailing\n", " detached\n"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(foo, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar, "label"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar, "type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar, "number"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocComments2) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("// detached before message.\n"
+            "\n"
+            "// Foo leading\n"
+            "// line 2\n"
+            "$a$message Foo {\n"
+            "  /* Foo trailing\n"
+            "   * line 2 */\n"
+            "  // detached\n"
+            "  /* bar leading\n"
+            "   */"
+            "  $b$optional int32 bar = 1;$c$  // bar trailing\n"
+            "  // ignored detached\n"
+            "}$d$\n"
+            "// ignored\n"
+            "\n"
+            "// detached before option\n"
+            "\n"
+            "// option leading\n"
+            "$e$option baz = 123;$f$\n"
+            "// option trailing\n"));
+
+  const DescriptorProto& foo = file_.message_type(0);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& bar = foo.field(0);
+  const UninterpretedOption& baz = file_.options().uninterpreted_option(0);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('a', 'd', foo, " Foo leading\n line 2\n",
+                                 " Foo trailing\n line 2 ",
+                                 " detached before message.\n"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('b', 'c', bar, " bar leading\n",
+                                 " bar trailing\n", " detached\n"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('e', 'f', baz, " option leading\n",
+                                 " option trailing\n",
+                                 " detached before option\n"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(foo, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar, "label"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar, "type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar, "number"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(baz, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(baz.name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(baz.name(0), "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(baz, "positive_int_value"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocComments3) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("$a$message Foo {\n"
+            "  // bar leading\n"
+            "  $b$optional int32 bar = 1 [(baz.qux) = {}];$c$\n"
+            "  // bar trailing\n"
+            "}$d$\n"
+            "// ignored\n"));
+
+  const DescriptorProto& foo = file_.message_type(0);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& bar = foo.field(0);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('b', 'c', bar, " bar leading\n",
+                                 " bar trailing\n", NULL));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(foo));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(foo, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar, "label"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar, "type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar, "number"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar.options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar.options().uninterpreted_option(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar.options().uninterpreted_option(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar.options().uninterpreted_option(0).name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan(bar.options().uninterpreted_option(0).name(0), "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasSpan(bar.options().uninterpreted_option(0), "aggregate_value"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocCommentsTopLevel) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("// detached before syntax paragraph 1\n"
+            "\n"
+            "// detached before syntax paragraph 2\n"
+            "\n"
+            "// syntax leading\n"
+            "$a$syntax = \"proto2\";$b$\n"
+            "// syntax trailing\n"
+            "\n"
+            "// syntax-package detached comments\n"
+            "\n"
+            ";\n"
+            "\n"
+            "// detached after empty before package\n"
+            "\n"
+            "// package leading\n"
+            "$c$package foo;$d$\n"
+            "// package trailing\n"
+            "\n"
+            "// ignored detach\n"
+            "\n"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'b', file_, "syntax", -1, " syntax leading\n",
+                      " syntax trailing\n",
+                      " detached before syntax paragraph 1\n"
+                      "\n"
+                      " detached before syntax paragraph 2\n"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('c', 'd', file_, "package", -1, " package leading\n",
+                      " package trailing\n",
+                      " syntax-package detached comments\n"
+                      "\n"
+                      " detached after empty before package\n"));
+
+  // ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocCommentsOneof) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      Parse("// Foo leading\n"
+            "$a$message Foo {\n"
+            "  /* Foo trailing\n"
+            "   */\n"
+            "  // detached before oneof\n"
+            "  /* bar leading\n"
+            "   * line 2 */\n"
+            "  $b$oneof bar {\n"
+            "  /* bar trailing\n"
+            "   * line 2 */\n"
+            "  // detached before bar_int\n"
+            "  /* bar_int leading\n"
+            "   */\n"
+            "  $c$int32 bar_int = 1;$d$  // bar_int trailing\n"
+            "  // detach comment ignored\n"
+            "  }$e$\n"
+            "}$f$\n"));
+
+  const DescriptorProto& foo = file_.message_type(0);
+  const OneofDescriptorProto& bar = foo.oneof_decl(0);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto& bar_int = foo.field(0);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('a', 'f', foo, " Foo leading\n",
+                                 " Foo trailing\n", NULL));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('b', 'e', bar, " bar leading\n line 2 ",
+                                 " bar trailing\n line 2 ",
+                                 " detached before oneof\n"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('c', 'd', bar_int, " bar_int leading\n",
+                                 " bar_int trailing\n",
+                                 " detached before bar_int\n"));
+
+  // Ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(foo, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar_int, "type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar_int, "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(bar_int, "number"));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/php/php_generator.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/php/php_generator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41263545b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/php/php_generator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1886 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/php/php_generator.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/any.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/api.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/duration.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/empty.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/struct.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h>
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+const std::string kDescriptorFile = "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+const std::string kEmptyFile = "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
+const std::string kEmptyMetadataFile = "GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/GPBEmpty.php";
+const std::string kDescriptorMetadataFile =
+    "GPBMetadata/Google/Protobuf/Internal/Descriptor.php";
+const std::string kDescriptorDirName = "Google/Protobuf/Internal";
+const std::string kDescriptorPackageName = "Google\\Protobuf\\Internal";
+const char* const kReservedNames[] = {
+    "abstract",   "and",        "array",        "as",           "break",
+    "callable",   "case",       "catch",        "class",        "clone",
+    "const",      "continue",   "declare",      "default",      "die",
+    "do",         "echo",       "else",         "elseif",       "empty",
+    "enddeclare", "endfor",     "endforeach",   "endif",        "endswitch",
+    "endwhile",   "eval",       "exit",         "extends",      "final",
+    "for",        "foreach",    "function",     "global",       "goto",
+    "if",         "implements", "include",      "include_once", "instanceof",
+    "insteadof",  "interface",  "isset",        "list",         "namespace",
+    "new",        "or",         "print",        "private",      "protected",
+    "public",     "require",    "require_once", "return",       "static",
+    "switch",     "throw",      "trait",        "try",          "unset",
+    "use",        "var",        "while",        "xor",          "int",
+    "float",      "bool",       "string",       "true",         "false",
+    "null",       "void",       "iterable"};
+const char* const kValidConstantNames[] = {
+    "int",   "float", "bool", "string",   "true",
+    "false", "null",  "void", "iterable",
+};
+const int kReservedNamesSize = 73;
+const int kValidConstantNamesSize = 9;
+const int kFieldSetter = 1;
+const int kFieldGetter = 2;
+const int kFieldProperty = 3;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace php {
+
+// Forward decls.
+std::string PhpName(const std::string& full_name, bool is_descriptor);
+std::string DefaultForField(FieldDescriptor* field);
+std::string IntToString(int32 value);
+std::string FilenameToClassname(const string& filename);
+std::string GeneratedMetadataFileName(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                      bool is_descriptor);
+std::string LabelForField(FieldDescriptor* field);
+std::string TypeName(FieldDescriptor* field);
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const string& name, bool cap_first_letter);
+std::string BinaryToHex(const string& binary);
+void Indent(io::Printer* printer);
+void Outdent(io::Printer* printer);
+void GenerateAddFilesToPool(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                            const std::set<string>& aggregate_metadata_prefixes,
+                            io::Printer* printer);
+void GenerateMessageDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor* message,
+                               int is_descriptor);
+void GenerateMessageConstructorDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                                          const Descriptor* message,
+                                          int is_descriptor);
+void GenerateFieldDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                             int is_descriptor, int function_type);
+void GenerateWrapperFieldGetterDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                                          const FieldDescriptor* field);
+void GenerateWrapperFieldSetterDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                                          const FieldDescriptor* field);
+void GenerateEnumDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const EnumDescriptor* enum_,
+                            int is_descriptor);
+void GenerateEnumValueDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                                 const EnumValueDescriptor* value);
+void GenerateServiceDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                               const ServiceDescriptor* service);
+void GenerateServiceMethodDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                              const MethodDescriptor* method);
+
+std::string ReservedNamePrefix(const string& classname,
+                                const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  bool is_reserved = false;
+
+  string lower = classname;
+  transform(lower.begin(), lower.end(), lower.begin(), ::tolower);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kReservedNamesSize; i++) {
+    if (lower == kReservedNames[i]) {
+      is_reserved = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (is_reserved) {
+    if (file->package() == "google.protobuf") {
+      return "GPB";
+    } else {
+      return "PB";
+    }
+  }
+
+  return "";
+}
+
+template <typename DescriptorType>
+std::string DescriptorFullName(const DescriptorType* desc, bool is_descriptor) {
+  if (is_descriptor) {
+    return StringReplace(desc->full_name(),
+                         "google.protobuf",
+                         "google.protobuf.internal", false);
+  } else {
+    return desc->full_name();
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename DescriptorType>
+std::string ClassNamePrefix(const string& classname,
+                            const DescriptorType* desc) {
+  const string& prefix = (desc->file()->options()).php_class_prefix();
+  if (!prefix.empty()) {
+    return prefix;
+  }
+
+  return ReservedNamePrefix(classname, desc->file());
+}
+
+template <typename DescriptorType>
+std::string GeneratedClassNameImpl(const DescriptorType* desc) {
+  std::string classname = ClassNamePrefix(desc->name(), desc) + desc->name();
+  const Descriptor* containing = desc->containing_type();
+  while (containing != NULL) {
+    classname = ClassNamePrefix(containing->name(), desc) + containing->name()
+       + '\\' + classname;
+    containing = containing->containing_type();
+  }
+  return classname;
+}
+
+std::string GeneratedClassNameImpl(const ServiceDescriptor* desc) {
+  std::string classname = desc->name();
+  return ClassNamePrefix(classname, desc) + classname;
+}
+
+std::string GeneratedClassName(const Descriptor* desc) {
+  return GeneratedClassNameImpl(desc);
+}
+
+std::string GeneratedClassName(const EnumDescriptor* desc) {
+  return GeneratedClassNameImpl(desc);
+}
+
+std::string GeneratedClassName(const ServiceDescriptor* desc) {
+  return GeneratedClassNameImpl(desc);
+}
+
+template <typename DescriptorType>
+std::string LegacyGeneratedClassName(const DescriptorType* desc) {
+  std::string classname = desc->name();
+  const Descriptor* containing = desc->containing_type();
+  while (containing != NULL) {
+    classname = containing->name() + '_' + classname;
+    containing = containing->containing_type();
+  }
+  return ClassNamePrefix(classname, desc) + classname;
+}
+
+std::string ClassNamePrefix(const string& classname) {
+  string lower = classname;
+  transform(lower.begin(), lower.end(), lower.begin(), ::tolower);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kReservedNamesSize; i++) {
+    if (lower == kReservedNames[i]) {
+      return "PB";
+    }
+  }
+
+  return "";
+}
+
+std::string ConstantNamePrefix(const string& classname) {
+  bool is_reserved = false;
+
+  string lower = classname;
+  transform(lower.begin(), lower.end(), lower.begin(), ::tolower);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kReservedNamesSize; i++) {
+    if (lower == kReservedNames[i]) {
+      is_reserved = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kValidConstantNamesSize; i++) {
+    if (lower == kValidConstantNames[i]) {
+      is_reserved = false;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (is_reserved) {
+    return "PB";
+  }
+
+  return "";
+}
+
+template <typename DescriptorType>
+std::string RootPhpNamespace(const DescriptorType* desc, bool is_descriptor) {
+  if (desc->file()->options().has_php_namespace()) {
+    const string& php_namespace = desc->file()->options().php_namespace();
+    if (!php_namespace.empty()) {
+      return php_namespace;
+    }
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  if (!desc->file()->package().empty()) {
+    return PhpName(desc->file()->package(), is_descriptor);
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+template <typename DescriptorType>
+std::string FullClassName(const DescriptorType* desc, bool is_descriptor) {
+  string classname = GeneratedClassNameImpl(desc);
+  string php_namespace = RootPhpNamespace(desc, is_descriptor);
+  if (!php_namespace.empty()) {
+    return php_namespace + "\\" + classname;
+  }
+  return classname;
+}
+
+template <typename DescriptorType>
+std::string LegacyFullClassName(const DescriptorType* desc, bool is_descriptor) {
+  string classname = LegacyGeneratedClassName(desc);
+  string php_namespace = RootPhpNamespace(desc, is_descriptor);
+  if (!php_namespace.empty()) {
+    return php_namespace + "\\" + classname;
+  }
+  return classname;
+}
+
+std::string PhpName(const std::string& full_name, bool is_descriptor) {
+  if (is_descriptor) {
+    return kDescriptorPackageName;
+  }
+
+  std::string segment;
+  std::string result;
+  bool cap_next_letter = true;
+  for (int i = 0; i < full_name.size(); i++) {
+    if ('a' <= full_name[i] && full_name[i] <= 'z' && cap_next_letter) {
+      segment += full_name[i] + ('A' - 'a');
+      cap_next_letter = false;
+    } else if (full_name[i] == '.') {
+      result += ClassNamePrefix(segment) + segment + '\\';
+      segment = "";
+      cap_next_letter = true;
+    } else {
+      segment += full_name[i];
+      cap_next_letter = false;
+    }
+  }
+  result += ClassNamePrefix(segment) + segment;
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string DefaultForField(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM: return "0";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT: return "0.0";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL: return "false";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES: return "''";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP: return "null";
+    default: assert(false); return "";
+  }
+}
+
+std::string GeneratedMetadataFileName(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                      bool is_descriptor) {
+  const string& proto_file = file->name();
+  int start_index = 0;
+  int first_index = proto_file.find_first_of("/", start_index);
+  std::string result = "";
+  std::string segment = "";
+
+  if (proto_file == kEmptyFile) {
+    return kEmptyMetadataFile;
+  }
+  if (is_descriptor) {
+    return kDescriptorMetadataFile;
+  }
+
+  // Append directory name.
+  std::string file_no_suffix;
+  int lastindex = proto_file.find_last_of(".");
+  if (proto_file == kEmptyFile) {
+    return kEmptyMetadataFile;
+  } else {
+    file_no_suffix = proto_file.substr(0, lastindex);
+  }
+
+  if (file->options().has_php_metadata_namespace()) {
+    const string& php_metadata_namespace =
+        file->options().php_metadata_namespace();
+    if (!php_metadata_namespace.empty() && php_metadata_namespace != "\\") {
+      result += php_metadata_namespace;
+      std::replace(result.begin(), result.end(), '\\', '/');
+      if (result.at(result.size() - 1) != '/') {
+        result += "/";
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    result += "GPBMetadata/";
+    while (first_index != string::npos) {
+      segment = UnderscoresToCamelCase(
+          file_no_suffix.substr(start_index, first_index - start_index), true);
+      result += ReservedNamePrefix(segment, file) + segment + "/";
+      start_index = first_index + 1;
+      first_index = file_no_suffix.find_first_of("/", start_index);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Append file name.
+  int file_name_start = file_no_suffix.find_last_of("/");
+  if (file_name_start == string::npos) {
+    file_name_start = 0;
+  } else {
+    file_name_start += 1;
+  }
+  segment = UnderscoresToCamelCase(
+      file_no_suffix.substr(file_name_start, first_index - file_name_start), true);
+
+  return result + ReservedNamePrefix(segment, file) + segment + ".php";
+}
+
+template <typename DescriptorType>
+std::string GeneratedClassFileName(const DescriptorType* desc,
+                                     bool is_descriptor) {
+  std::string result = FullClassName(desc, is_descriptor);
+  for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) {
+    if (result[i] == '\\') {
+      result[i] = '/';
+    }
+  }
+  return result + ".php";
+}
+
+template <typename DescriptorType>
+std::string LegacyGeneratedClassFileName(const DescriptorType* desc,
+                                     bool is_descriptor) {
+  std::string result = LegacyFullClassName(desc, is_descriptor);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) {
+    if (result[i] == '\\') {
+      result[i] = '/';
+    }
+  }
+  return result + ".php";
+}
+
+std::string GeneratedServiceFileName(const ServiceDescriptor* service,
+                                    bool is_descriptor) {
+  std::string result = FullClassName(service, is_descriptor) + "Interface";
+  for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) {
+    if (result[i] == '\\') {
+      result[i] = '/';
+    }
+  }
+  return result + ".php";
+}
+
+std::string IntToString(int32 value) {
+  std::ostringstream os;
+  os << value;
+  return os.str();
+}
+
+std::string LabelForField(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  switch (field->label()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL: return "optional";
+    case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REQUIRED: return "required";
+    case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED: return "repeated";
+    default: assert(false); return "";
+  }
+}
+
+std::string TypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32: return "int32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64: return "int64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32: return "uint32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64: return "uint64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32: return "sint32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64: return "sint64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32: return "fixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64: return "fixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32: return "sfixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64: return "sfixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE: return "double";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT: return "float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL: return "bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM: return "enum";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING: return "string";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES: return "bytes";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE: return "message";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP: return "group";
+    default: assert(false); return "";
+  }
+}
+
+std::string PhpSetterTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field, bool is_descriptor) {
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    return "array|\\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\MapField";
+  }
+  string type;
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      type = "int";
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      type = "int|string";
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      type = "float";
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      type = "bool";
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      type = "string";
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      type = "\\" + FullClassName(field->message_type(), is_descriptor);
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return "null";
+    default: assert(false); return "";
+  }
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    // accommodate for edge case with multiple types.
+    size_t start_pos = type.find("|");
+    if (start_pos != std::string::npos) {
+      type.replace(start_pos, 1, "[]|");
+    }
+    type += "[]|\\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\RepeatedField";
+  }
+  return type;
+}
+
+std::string PhpGetterTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field, bool is_descriptor) {
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    return "\\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\MapField";
+  }
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    return "\\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\RepeatedField";
+  }
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM: return "int";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64: return "int|string";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT: return "float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL: return "bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES: return "string";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "\\" + FullClassName(field->message_type(), is_descriptor);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP: return "null";
+    default: assert(false); return "";
+  }
+}
+
+std::string EnumOrMessageSuffix(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, bool is_descriptor) {
+  if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return ", '" + DescriptorFullName(field->message_type(), is_descriptor) + "'";
+  }
+  if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
+    return ", '" + DescriptorFullName(field->enum_type(), is_descriptor) + "'";
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+// Converts a name to camel-case. If cap_first_letter is true, capitalize the
+// first letter.
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const string& name, bool cap_first_letter) {
+  std::string result;
+  for (int i = 0; i < name.size(); i++) {
+    if ('a' <= name[i] && name[i] <= 'z') {
+      if (cap_first_letter) {
+        result += name[i] + ('A' - 'a');
+      } else {
+        result += name[i];
+      }
+      cap_first_letter = false;
+    } else if ('A' <= name[i] && name[i] <= 'Z') {
+      if (i == 0 && !cap_first_letter) {
+        // Force first letter to lower-case unless explicitly told to
+        // capitalize it.
+        result += name[i] + ('a' - 'A');
+      } else {
+        // Capital letters after the first are left as-is.
+        result += name[i];
+      }
+      cap_first_letter = false;
+    } else if ('0' <= name[i] && name[i] <= '9') {
+      result += name[i];
+      cap_first_letter = true;
+    } else {
+      cap_first_letter = true;
+    }
+  }
+  // Add a trailing "_" if the name should be altered.
+  if (name[name.size() - 1] == '#') {
+    result += '_';
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string BinaryToHex(const string& binary) {
+  string dest;
+  size_t i;
+  unsigned char symbol[16] = {
+    '0', '1', '2', '3',
+    '4', '5', '6', '7',
+    '8', '9', 'a', 'b',
+    'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
+  };
+
+  dest.resize(binary.size() * 2);
+  char* append_ptr = &dest[0];
+
+  for (i = 0; i < binary.size(); i++) {
+    *append_ptr++ = symbol[(binary[i] & 0xf0) >> 4];
+    *append_ptr++ = symbol[binary[i] & 0x0f];
+  }
+
+  return dest;
+}
+
+void Indent(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+}
+void Outdent(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+}
+
+void GenerateField(const FieldDescriptor* field, io::Printer* printer,
+                   bool is_descriptor) {
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    GenerateFieldDocComment(printer, field, is_descriptor, kFieldProperty);
+    printer->Print(
+        "private $^name^;\n",
+        "name", field->name());
+  } else if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+    // Oneof fields are handled by GenerateOneofField.
+    return;
+  } else {
+    GenerateFieldDocComment(printer, field, is_descriptor, kFieldProperty);
+    printer->Print(
+        "protected $^name^ = ^default^;\n",
+        "name", field->name(),
+        "default", DefaultForField(field));
+  }
+
+  if (is_descriptor) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "private $has_^name^ = false;\n",
+        "name", field->name());
+  }
+}
+
+void GenerateOneofField(const OneofDescriptor* oneof, io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Oneof property needs to be protected in order to be accessed by parent
+  // class in implementation.
+  printer->Print(
+      "protected $^name^;\n",
+      "name", oneof->name());
+}
+
+void GenerateFieldAccessor(const FieldDescriptor* field, bool is_descriptor,
+                           io::Printer* printer) {
+  const OneofDescriptor* oneof = field->containing_oneof();
+
+  // Generate getter.
+  if (oneof != NULL) {
+    GenerateFieldDocComment(printer, field, is_descriptor, kFieldGetter);
+    printer->Print(
+        "public function get^camel_name^()\n"
+        "{\n"
+        "    return $this->readOneof(^number^);\n"
+        "}\n\n",
+        "camel_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true),
+        "number", IntToString(field->number()));
+  } else {
+    GenerateFieldDocComment(printer, field, is_descriptor, kFieldGetter);
+    printer->Print(
+        "public function get^camel_name^()\n"
+        "{\n"
+        "    return $this->^name^;\n"
+        "}\n\n",
+        "camel_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true), "name",
+        field->name());
+  }
+
+  // For wrapper types, generate an additional getXXXUnwrapped getter
+  if (!field->is_map() &&
+      !field->is_repeated() &&
+      field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+      IsWrapperType(field)) {
+    GenerateWrapperFieldGetterDocComment(printer, field);
+    printer->Print(
+        "public function get^camel_name^Unwrapped()\n"
+        "{\n"
+        "    return $this->readWrapperValue(\"^field_name^\");\n"
+        "}\n\n",
+        "camel_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true),
+        "field_name", field->name());
+  }
+
+  // Generate setter.
+  GenerateFieldDocComment(printer, field, is_descriptor, kFieldSetter);
+  printer->Print(
+      "public function set^camel_name^($var)\n"
+      "{\n",
+      "camel_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true));
+
+  Indent(printer);
+
+  // Type check.
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    const Descriptor* map_entry = field->message_type();
+    const FieldDescriptor* key = map_entry->FindFieldByName("key");
+    const FieldDescriptor* value = map_entry->FindFieldByName("value");
+    printer->Print(
+        "$arr = GPBUtil::checkMapField($var, "
+        "\\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\GPBType::^key_type^, "
+        "\\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\GPBType::^value_type^",
+        "key_type", ToUpper(key->type_name()),
+        "value_type", ToUpper(value->type_name()));
+    if (value->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      printer->Print(
+          ", \\^class_name^);\n",
+          "class_name",
+          FullClassName(value->message_type(), is_descriptor) + "::class");
+    } else if (value->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
+      printer->Print(
+          ", \\^class_name^);\n",
+          "class_name",
+          FullClassName(value->enum_type(), is_descriptor) + "::class");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(");\n");
+    }
+  } else if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "$arr = GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, "
+        "\\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\GPBType::^type^",
+        "type", ToUpper(field->type_name()));
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      printer->Print(
+          ", \\^class_name^);\n",
+          "class_name",
+          FullClassName(field->message_type(), is_descriptor) + "::class");
+    } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
+      printer->Print(
+          ", \\^class_name^);\n",
+          "class_name",
+          FullClassName(field->enum_type(), is_descriptor) + "::class");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(");\n");
+    }
+  } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \\^class_name^::class);\n",
+        "class_name", LegacyFullClassName(field->message_type(), is_descriptor));
+  } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \\^class_name^::class);\n",
+        "class_name", LegacyFullClassName(field->enum_type(), is_descriptor));
+  } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "GPBUtil::checkString($var, ^utf8^);\n",
+        "utf8",
+        field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING ? "True": "False");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        "GPBUtil::check^type^($var);\n",
+        "type", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->cpp_type_name(), true));
+  }
+
+  if (oneof != NULL) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "$this->writeOneof(^number^, $var);\n",
+        "number", IntToString(field->number()));
+  } else if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "$this->^name^ = $arr;\n",
+        "name", field->name());
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        "$this->^name^ = $var;\n",
+        "name", field->name());
+  }
+
+  // Set has bit for proto2 only.
+  if (is_descriptor) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "$this->has_^field_name^ = true;\n",
+        "field_name", field->name());
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("\nreturn $this;\n");
+
+  Outdent(printer);
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "}\n\n");
+
+  // For wrapper types, generate an additional setXXXValue getter
+  if (!field->is_map() &&
+      !field->is_repeated() &&
+      field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+      IsWrapperType(field)) {
+    GenerateWrapperFieldSetterDocComment(printer, field);
+    printer->Print(
+        "public function set^camel_name^Unwrapped($var)\n"
+        "{\n"
+        "    $this->writeWrapperValue(\"^field_name^\", $var);\n"
+        "    return $this;"
+        "}\n\n",
+        "camel_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true),
+        "field_name", field->name());
+  }
+
+  // Generate has method for proto2 only.
+  if (is_descriptor) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "public function has^camel_name^()\n"
+        "{\n"
+        "    return $this->has_^field_name^;\n"
+        "}\n\n",
+        "camel_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true),
+        "field_name", field->name());
+  }
+}
+
+void GenerateEnumToPool(const EnumDescriptor* en, io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "$pool->addEnum('^name^', "
+      "\\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\^class_name^::class)\n",
+      "name", DescriptorFullName(en, true),
+      "class_name", en->name());
+  Indent(printer);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < en->value_count(); i++) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value = en->value(i);
+    printer->Print(
+        "->value(\"^name^\", ^number^)\n",
+        "name", ConstantNamePrefix(value->name()) + value->name(),
+        "number", IntToString(value->number()));
+  }
+  printer->Print("->finalizeToPool();\n\n");
+  Outdent(printer);
+}
+
+void GenerateServiceMethod(const MethodDescriptor* method,
+                           io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+        "public function ^camel_name^(\\^request_name^ $request);\n\n",
+        "camel_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(method->name(), false),
+        "request_name", FullClassName(
+          method->input_type(), false)
+  );
+}
+
+void GenerateMessageToPool(const string& name_prefix, const Descriptor* message,
+                           io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Don't generate MapEntry messages -- we use the PHP extension's native
+  // support for map fields instead.
+  if (message->options().map_entry()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  string class_name = (name_prefix.empty() ? "" : name_prefix + "\\") +
+    ReservedNamePrefix(message->name(), message->file()) + message->name();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "$pool->addMessage('^message^', "
+      "\\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\^class_name^::class)\n",
+      "message", DescriptorFullName(message, true),
+      "class_name", class_name);
+
+  Indent(printer);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = message->field(i);
+    if (field->is_map()) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* key =
+          field->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+      const FieldDescriptor* val =
+          field->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+      printer->Print(
+          "->map('^field^', \\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\GPBType::^key^, "
+          "\\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\GPBType::^value^, ^number^^other^)\n",
+          "field", field->name(),
+          "key", ToUpper(key->type_name()),
+          "value", ToUpper(val->type_name()),
+          "number", StrCat(field->number()),
+          "other", EnumOrMessageSuffix(val, true));
+    } else if (!field->containing_oneof()) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "->^label^('^field^', "
+          "\\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\GPBType::^type^, ^number^^other^)\n",
+          "field", field->name(),
+          "label", LabelForField(field),
+          "type", ToUpper(field->type_name()),
+          "number", StrCat(field->number()),
+          "other", EnumOrMessageSuffix(field, true));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // oneofs.
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof = message->oneof_decl(i);
+    printer->Print("->oneof(^name^)\n",
+                   "name", oneof->name());
+    Indent(printer);
+    for (int index = 0; index < oneof->field_count(); index++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = oneof->field(index);
+      printer->Print(
+          "->value('^field^', "
+          "\\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\GPBType::^type^, ^number^^other^)\n",
+          "field", field->name(),
+          "type", ToUpper(field->type_name()),
+          "number", StrCat(field->number()),
+          "other", EnumOrMessageSuffix(field, true));
+    }
+    printer->Print("->finish()\n");
+    Outdent(printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "->finalizeToPool();\n");
+
+  Outdent(printer);
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "\n");
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateMessageToPool(class_name, message->nested_type(i), printer);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateEnumToPool(message->enum_type(i), printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void GenerateAddFileToPool(
+    const FileDescriptor* file,
+    bool is_descriptor,
+    bool aggregate_metadata,
+    const std::set<string>& aggregate_metadata_prefixes,
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static $is_initialized = false;\n\n"
+      "public static function initOnce() {\n");
+  Indent(printer);
+
+  if (aggregate_metadata) {
+    GenerateAddFilesToPool(file, aggregate_metadata_prefixes, printer);
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        "$pool = \\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\"
+        "DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();\n\n"
+        "if (static::$is_initialized == true) {\n"
+        "  return;\n"
+        "}\n");
+
+    if (is_descriptor) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+        GenerateMessageToPool("", file->message_type(i), printer);
+      }
+      for (int i = 0; i < file->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+        GenerateEnumToPool(file->enum_type(i), printer);
+      }
+
+      printer->Print(
+          "$pool->finish();\n");
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+        const std::string& name = file->dependency(i)->name();
+        // Currently, descriptor.proto is not ready for external usage. Skip to
+        // import it for now, so that its dependencies can still work as long as
+        // they don't use protos defined in descriptor.proto.
+        if (name == kDescriptorFile) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        std::string dependency_filename =
+            GeneratedMetadataFileName(file->dependency(i), is_descriptor);
+        printer->Print(
+            "\\^name^::initOnce();\n",
+            "name", FilenameToClassname(dependency_filename));
+      }
+
+      // Add messages and enums to descriptor pool.
+      FileDescriptorSet files;
+      FileDescriptorProto* file_proto = files.add_file();
+      file->CopyTo(file_proto);
+
+      // Filter out descriptor.proto as it cannot be depended on for now.
+      RepeatedPtrField<string>* dependency = file_proto->mutable_dependency();
+      for (RepeatedPtrField<string>::iterator it = dependency->begin();
+           it != dependency->end(); ++it) {
+        if (*it != kDescriptorFile) {
+          dependency->erase(it);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Filter out all extensions, since we do not support extension yet.
+      file_proto->clear_extension();
+      RepeatedPtrField<DescriptorProto>* message_type =
+          file_proto->mutable_message_type();
+      for (RepeatedPtrField<DescriptorProto>::iterator it = message_type->begin();
+           it != message_type->end(); ++it) {
+        it->clear_extension();
+      }
+
+      string files_data;
+      files.SerializeToString(&files_data);
+
+      printer->Print("$pool->internalAddGeneratedFile(hex2bin(\n");
+      Indent(printer);
+
+      printer->Print(
+          "\"^data^\"\n",
+          "data", BinaryToHex(files_data));
+
+      Outdent(printer);
+      printer->Print(
+          "), true);\n\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "static::$is_initialized = true;\n");
+  }
+
+  Outdent(printer);
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+static void AnalyzeDependencyForFile(
+    const FileDescriptor* file,
+    std::set<const FileDescriptor*>* nodes_without_dependency,
+    std::map<const FileDescriptor*, std::set<const FileDescriptor*>>* deps,
+    std::map<const FileDescriptor*, int>* dependency_count) {
+  int count = file->dependency_count();
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+      const FileDescriptor* dependency = file->dependency(i);
+      if (dependency->name() == kDescriptorFile) {
+        count--;
+        break;
+      }
+  }
+
+  if (count == 0) {
+    nodes_without_dependency->insert(file);
+  } else {
+    (*dependency_count)[file] = count;
+    for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+      const FileDescriptor* dependency = file->dependency(i);
+      if (dependency->name() == kDescriptorFile) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (deps->find(dependency) == deps->end()) {
+        (*deps)[dependency] = std::set<const FileDescriptor*>();
+      }
+      (*deps)[dependency].insert(file);
+      AnalyzeDependencyForFile(
+          dependency, nodes_without_dependency, deps, dependency_count);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static bool NeedsUnwrapping(
+    const FileDescriptor* file,
+    const std::set<string>& aggregate_metadata_prefixes) {
+  bool has_aggregate_metadata_prefix = false;
+  if (aggregate_metadata_prefixes.empty()) {
+    has_aggregate_metadata_prefix = true;
+  } else {
+    for (const auto& prefix : aggregate_metadata_prefixes) {
+      if (HasPrefixString(file->package(), prefix)) {
+        has_aggregate_metadata_prefix = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return has_aggregate_metadata_prefix;
+}
+
+void GenerateAddFilesToPool(
+    const FileDescriptor* file,
+    const std::set<string>& aggregate_metadata_prefixes,
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "$pool = \\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\"
+      "DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();\n"
+      "if (static::$is_initialized == true) {\n"
+      "  return;\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+  // Sort files according to dependency
+  std::map<const FileDescriptor*, std::set<const FileDescriptor*>> deps;
+  std::map<const FileDescriptor*, int> dependency_count;
+  std::set<const FileDescriptor*> nodes_without_dependency;
+  FileDescriptorSet sorted_file_set;
+  
+  AnalyzeDependencyForFile(
+      file, &nodes_without_dependency, &deps, &dependency_count);
+
+  while (!nodes_without_dependency.empty()) {
+    auto file = *nodes_without_dependency.begin();
+    nodes_without_dependency.erase(file);
+    for (auto dependent : deps[file]) {
+      if (dependency_count[dependent] == 1) {
+        dependency_count.erase(dependent);
+        nodes_without_dependency.insert(dependent);
+      } else {
+        dependency_count[dependent] -= 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    bool needs_aggregate = NeedsUnwrapping(file, aggregate_metadata_prefixes);
+
+    if (needs_aggregate) {
+      auto file_proto = sorted_file_set.add_file();
+      file->CopyTo(file_proto);
+
+      // Filter out descriptor.proto as it cannot be depended on for now.
+      RepeatedPtrField<string>* dependency = file_proto->mutable_dependency();
+      for (RepeatedPtrField<string>::iterator it = dependency->begin();
+           it != dependency->end(); ++it) {
+        if (*it != kDescriptorFile) {
+          dependency->erase(it);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Filter out all extensions, since we do not support extension yet.
+      file_proto->clear_extension();
+      RepeatedPtrField<DescriptorProto>* message_type =
+          file_proto->mutable_message_type();
+      for (RepeatedPtrField<DescriptorProto>::iterator it = message_type->begin();
+           it != message_type->end(); ++it) {
+        it->clear_extension();
+      }
+    } else {
+      std::string dependency_filename =
+          GeneratedMetadataFileName(file, false);
+      printer->Print(
+          "\\^name^::initOnce();\n",
+          "name", FilenameToClassname(dependency_filename));
+    }
+  }
+
+  string files_data;
+  sorted_file_set.SerializeToString(&files_data);
+
+  printer->Print("$pool->internalAddGeneratedFile(hex2bin(\n");
+  Indent(printer);
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "\"^data^\"\n",
+      "data", BinaryToHex(files_data));
+
+  Outdent(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+      "), true);\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "static::$is_initialized = true;\n");
+}
+
+void GenerateUseDeclaration(bool is_descriptor, io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (!is_descriptor) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "use Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\GPBType;\n"
+        "use Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\RepeatedField;\n"
+        "use Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\GPBUtil;\n\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        "use Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\GPBType;\n"
+        "use Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\GPBWire;\n"
+        "use Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\RepeatedField;\n"
+        "use Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\InputStream;\n"
+        "use Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\GPBUtil;\n\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void GenerateHead(const FileDescriptor* file, io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "<?php\n"
+    "# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+    "# source: ^filename^\n"
+    "\n",
+    "filename", file->name());
+}
+
+std::string FilenameToClassname(const string& filename) {
+  int lastindex = filename.find_last_of(".");
+  std::string result = filename.substr(0, lastindex);
+  for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) {
+    if (result[i] == '/') {
+      result[i] = '\\';
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+void GenerateMetadataFile(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                          bool is_descriptor,
+                          bool aggregate_metadata,
+                          const std::set<string>& aggregate_metadata_prefixes,
+                          GeneratorContext* generator_context) {
+  std::string filename = GeneratedMetadataFileName(file, is_descriptor);
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+      generator_context->Open(filename));
+  io::Printer printer(output.get(), '^');
+
+  GenerateHead(file, &printer);
+
+  std::string fullname = FilenameToClassname(filename);
+  int lastindex = fullname.find_last_of("\\");
+
+  if (lastindex != string::npos) {
+    printer.Print(
+        "namespace ^name^;\n\n",
+        "name", fullname.substr(0, lastindex));
+
+    printer.Print(
+        "class ^name^\n"
+        "{\n",
+        "name", fullname.substr(lastindex + 1));
+  } else {
+    printer.Print(
+        "class ^name^\n"
+        "{\n",
+        "name", fullname);
+  }
+  Indent(&printer);
+
+  GenerateAddFileToPool(file, is_descriptor, aggregate_metadata,
+                        aggregate_metadata_prefixes, &printer);
+
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("}\n\n");
+}
+
+template <typename DescriptorType>
+void LegacyGenerateClassFile(const FileDescriptor* file, const DescriptorType* desc,
+                         bool is_descriptor,
+                         GeneratorContext* generator_context) {
+
+  std::string filename = LegacyGeneratedClassFileName(desc, is_descriptor);
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+      generator_context->Open(filename));
+  io::Printer printer(output.get(), '^');
+
+  GenerateHead(file, &printer);
+
+  std::string php_namespace = RootPhpNamespace(desc, is_descriptor);
+  if (!php_namespace.empty()) {
+    printer.Print(
+        "namespace ^name^;\n\n",
+        "name", php_namespace);
+  }
+  std::string newname = FullClassName(desc, is_descriptor);
+  printer.Print("if (false) {\n");
+  Indent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("/**\n");
+  printer.Print(" * This class is deprecated. Use ^new^ instead.\n",
+      "new", newname);
+  printer.Print(" * @deprecated\n");
+  printer.Print(" */\n");
+  printer.Print("class ^old^ {}\n",
+      "old", LegacyGeneratedClassName(desc));
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("}\n");
+  printer.Print("class_exists(^new^::class);\n",
+      "new", GeneratedClassNameImpl(desc));
+  printer.Print("@trigger_error('^old^ is deprecated and will be removed in "
+      "the next major release. Use ^fullname^ instead', E_USER_DEPRECATED);\n\n",
+      "old", LegacyFullClassName(desc, is_descriptor),
+      "fullname", newname);
+}
+
+void GenerateEnumFile(const FileDescriptor* file, const EnumDescriptor* en,
+                      bool is_descriptor, GeneratorContext* generator_context) {
+  std::string filename = GeneratedClassFileName(en, is_descriptor);
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+      generator_context->Open(filename));
+  io::Printer printer(output.get(), '^');
+
+  GenerateHead(file, &printer);
+
+  std::string fullname = FilenameToClassname(filename);
+  int lastindex = fullname.find_last_of("\\");
+
+  if (lastindex != string::npos) {
+    printer.Print(
+        "namespace ^name^;\n\n",
+        "name", fullname.substr(0, lastindex));
+
+    // We only need this 'use' statement if the enum has a namespace.
+    // Otherwise, we get a warning that the use statement has no effect.
+    printer.Print("use UnexpectedValueException;\n\n");
+  }
+
+  GenerateEnumDocComment(&printer, en, is_descriptor);
+
+  if (lastindex != string::npos) {
+    fullname = fullname.substr(lastindex + 1);
+  }
+
+  printer.Print(
+      "class ^name^\n"
+      "{\n",
+      "name", fullname);
+  Indent(&printer);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < en->value_count(); i++) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value = en->value(i);
+    GenerateEnumValueDocComment(&printer, value);
+    printer.Print("const ^name^ = ^number^;\n",
+                  "name", ConstantNamePrefix(value->name()) + value->name(),
+                  "number", IntToString(value->number()));
+  }
+
+  printer.Print("\nprivate static $valueToName = [\n");
+  Indent(&printer);
+  for (int i = 0; i < en->value_count(); i++) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value = en->value(i);
+    printer.Print("self::^name^ => '^name^',\n",
+                  "name", ConstantNamePrefix(value->name()) + value->name());
+  }
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("];\n");
+
+  printer.Print(
+      "\npublic static function name($value)\n"
+      "{\n");
+  Indent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("if (!isset(self::$valueToName[$value])) {\n");
+  Indent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(\n");
+  Indent(&printer);
+  Indent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("'Enum %s has no name defined for value %s', __CLASS__, $value));\n");
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("}\n"
+                "return self::$valueToName[$value];\n");
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("}\n\n");
+
+  printer.Print(
+      "\npublic static function value($name)\n"
+      "{\n");
+  Indent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("$const = __CLASS__ . '::' . strtoupper($name);\n"
+                "if (!defined($const)) {\n");
+  Indent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("throw new UnexpectedValueException(sprintf(\n");
+  Indent(&printer);
+  Indent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("'Enum %s has no value defined for name %s', __CLASS__, $name));\n");
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("}\n"
+                "return constant($const);\n");
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("}\n");
+
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("}\n\n");
+
+  // write legacy file for backwards compatiblity with nested messages and enums
+  if (en->containing_type() != NULL) {
+    printer.Print(
+        "// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.\n");
+    printer.Print(
+        "class_alias(^new^::class, \\^old^::class);\n\n",
+        "new", fullname,
+        "old", LegacyFullClassName(en, is_descriptor));
+    LegacyGenerateClassFile(file, en, is_descriptor, generator_context);
+  }
+}
+
+void GenerateMessageFile(const FileDescriptor* file, const Descriptor* message,
+                         bool is_descriptor,
+                         bool aggregate_metadata,
+                         GeneratorContext* generator_context) {
+  // Don't generate MapEntry messages -- we use the PHP extension's native
+  // support for map fields instead.
+  if (message->options().map_entry()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  std::string filename = GeneratedClassFileName(message, is_descriptor);
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+      generator_context->Open(filename));
+  io::Printer printer(output.get(), '^');
+
+  GenerateHead(file, &printer);
+
+  std::string fullname = FilenameToClassname(filename);
+  int lastindex = fullname.find_last_of("\\");
+
+  if (lastindex != string::npos) {
+    printer.Print(
+        "namespace ^name^;\n\n",
+        "name", fullname.substr(0, lastindex));
+  }
+
+  GenerateUseDeclaration(is_descriptor, &printer);
+
+  GenerateMessageDocComment(&printer, message, is_descriptor);
+  if (lastindex != string::npos) {
+    fullname = fullname.substr(lastindex + 1);
+  }
+
+  printer.Print(
+      "class ^name^ extends \\Google\\Protobuf\\Internal\\Message\n"
+      "{\n",
+      "name", fullname);
+  Indent(&printer);
+
+  // Field and oneof definitions.
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = message->field(i);
+    GenerateField(field, &printer, is_descriptor);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof = message->oneof_decl(i);
+    GenerateOneofField(oneof, &printer);
+  }
+  printer.Print("\n");
+
+  GenerateMessageConstructorDocComment(&printer, message, is_descriptor);
+  printer.Print(
+      "public function __construct($data = NULL) {\n");
+  Indent(&printer);
+
+  std::string metadata_filename =
+      GeneratedMetadataFileName(file, is_descriptor);
+  std::string metadata_fullname = FilenameToClassname(metadata_filename);
+  printer.Print(
+      "\\^fullname^::initOnce();\n",
+      "fullname", metadata_fullname);
+
+  printer.Print(
+      "parent::__construct($data);\n");
+
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("}\n\n");
+
+  // Field and oneof accessors.
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = message->field(i);
+    GenerateFieldAccessor(field, is_descriptor, &printer);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof = message->oneof_decl(i);
+    printer.Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * @return string\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "public function get^camel_name^()\n"
+      "{\n"
+      "    return $this->whichOneof(\"^name^\");\n"
+      "}\n\n",
+      "camel_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(oneof->name(), true), "name",
+      oneof->name());
+  }
+
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("}\n\n");
+
+  // write legacy file for backwards compatiblity with nested messages and enums
+  if (message->containing_type() != NULL) {
+    printer.Print(
+        "// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.\n");
+    printer.Print(
+        "class_alias(^new^::class, \\^old^::class);\n\n",
+        "new", fullname,
+        "old", LegacyFullClassName(message, is_descriptor));
+    LegacyGenerateClassFile(file, message, is_descriptor, generator_context);
+  }
+
+  // Nested messages and enums.
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateMessageFile(file, message->nested_type(i), is_descriptor,
+                        aggregate_metadata,
+                        generator_context);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateEnumFile(file, message->enum_type(i), is_descriptor,
+                     generator_context);
+  }
+}
+
+void GenerateServiceFile(const FileDescriptor* file,
+  const ServiceDescriptor* service, bool is_descriptor,
+  GeneratorContext* generator_context) {
+  std::string filename = GeneratedServiceFileName(service, is_descriptor);
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+      generator_context->Open(filename));
+  io::Printer printer(output.get(), '^');
+
+  GenerateHead(file, &printer);
+
+  std::string fullname = FilenameToClassname(filename);
+  int lastindex = fullname.find_last_of("\\");
+
+  if (!file->options().php_namespace().empty() ||
+      (!file->options().has_php_namespace() && !file->package().empty()) ||
+      lastindex != string::npos) {
+    printer.Print(
+        "namespace ^name^;\n\n",
+        "name", fullname.substr(0, lastindex));
+  }
+
+  GenerateServiceDocComment(&printer, service);
+
+  if (lastindex != string::npos) {
+      printer.Print(
+        "interface ^name^\n"
+        "{\n",
+        "name", fullname.substr(lastindex + 1));
+  } else {
+      printer.Print(
+        "interface ^name^\n"
+        "{\n",
+        "name", fullname);
+  }
+
+  Indent(&printer);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < service->method_count(); i++) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = service->method(i);
+    GenerateServiceMethodDocComment(&printer, method);
+    GenerateServiceMethod(method, &printer);
+  }
+
+  Outdent(&printer);
+  printer.Print("}\n\n");
+}
+
+void GenerateFile(const FileDescriptor* file, bool is_descriptor,
+                  bool aggregate_metadata,
+                  const std::set<string>& aggregate_metadata_prefixes,
+                  GeneratorContext* generator_context) {
+  GenerateMetadataFile(file, is_descriptor, aggregate_metadata,
+                       aggregate_metadata_prefixes, generator_context);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateMessageFile(file, file->message_type(i), is_descriptor,
+                        aggregate_metadata,
+                        generator_context);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateEnumFile(file, file->enum_type(i), is_descriptor,
+                     generator_context);
+  }
+  if (file->options().php_generic_services()) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < file->service_count(); i++) {
+      GenerateServiceFile(file, file->service(i), is_descriptor,
+                          generator_context);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static string EscapePhpdoc(const string& input) {
+  string result;
+  result.reserve(input.size() * 2);
+
+  char prev = '*';
+
+  for (string::size_type i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    char c = input[i];
+    switch (c) {
+      case '*':
+        // Avoid "/*".
+        if (prev == '/') {
+          result.append("&#42;");
+        } else {
+          result.push_back(c);
+        }
+        break;
+      case '/':
+        // Avoid "*/".
+        if (prev == '*') {
+          result.append("&#47;");
+        } else {
+          result.push_back(c);
+        }
+        break;
+      case '@':
+        // '@' starts phpdoc tags including the @deprecated tag, which will
+        // cause a compile-time error if inserted before a declaration that
+        // does not have a corresponding @Deprecated annotation.
+        result.append("&#64;");
+        break;
+      default:
+        result.push_back(c);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    prev = c;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+static void GenerateDocCommentBodyForLocation(
+    io::Printer* printer, const SourceLocation& location, bool trailingNewline,
+    int indentCount) {
+  string comments = location.leading_comments.empty() ?
+      location.trailing_comments : location.leading_comments;
+  if (!comments.empty()) {
+    // TODO(teboring):  Ideally we should parse the comment text as Markdown and
+    //   write it back as HTML, but this requires a Markdown parser.  For now
+    //   we just use the proto comments unchanged.
+
+    // If the comment itself contains block comment start or end markers,
+    // HTML-escape them so that they don't accidentally close the doc comment.
+    comments = EscapePhpdoc(comments);
+
+    std::vector<string> lines = Split(comments, "\n", true);
+    while (!lines.empty() && lines.back().empty()) {
+      lines.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
+      // Most lines should start with a space.  Watch out for lines that start
+      // with a /, since putting that right after the leading asterisk will
+      // close the comment.
+      if (indentCount == 0 && !lines[i].empty() && lines[i][0] == '/') {
+        printer->Print(" * ^line^\n", "line", lines[i]);
+      } else {
+        std::string indent = std::string(indentCount, ' ');
+        printer->Print(" *^ind^^line^\n", "ind", indent, "line", lines[i]);
+      }
+    }
+    if (trailingNewline) {
+      printer->Print(" *\n");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename DescriptorType>
+static void GenerateDocCommentBody(
+    io::Printer* printer, const DescriptorType* descriptor) {
+  SourceLocation location;
+  if (descriptor->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+    GenerateDocCommentBodyForLocation(printer, location, true, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+static string FirstLineOf(const string& value) {
+  string result = value;
+
+  string::size_type pos = result.find_first_of('\n');
+  if (pos != string::npos) {
+    result.erase(pos);
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+void GenerateMessageDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                               const Descriptor* message, int is_descriptor) {
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  GenerateDocCommentBody(printer, message);
+  printer->Print(
+    " * Generated from protobuf message <code>^messagename^</code>\n"
+    " */\n",
+    "fullname", EscapePhpdoc(FullClassName(message, is_descriptor)),
+    "messagename", EscapePhpdoc(message->full_name()));
+}
+
+void GenerateMessageConstructorDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                                          const Descriptor* message,
+                                          int is_descriptor) {
+  // In theory we should have slightly different comments for setters, getters,
+  // etc., but in practice everyone already knows the difference between these
+  // so it's redundant information.
+
+  // We start the comment with the main body based on the comments from the
+  // .proto file (if present). We then end with the field declaration, e.g.:
+  //   optional string foo = 5;
+  // If the field is a group, the debug string might end with {.
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  printer->Print(" * Constructor.\n");
+  printer->Print(" *\n");
+  printer->Print(" * @param array $data {\n");
+  printer->Print(" *     Optional. Data for populating the Message object.\n");
+  printer->Print(" *\n");
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = message->field(i);
+    printer->Print(" *     @type ^php_type^ $^var^\n",
+      "php_type", PhpSetterTypeName(field, is_descriptor),
+      "var", field->name());
+    SourceLocation location;
+    if (field->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+      GenerateDocCommentBodyForLocation(printer, location, false, 10);
+    }
+  }
+  printer->Print(" * }\n");
+  printer->Print(" */\n");
+}
+
+void GenerateServiceDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                               const ServiceDescriptor* service) {
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  GenerateDocCommentBody(printer, service);
+  printer->Print(
+    " * Protobuf type <code>^fullname^</code>\n"
+    " */\n",
+    "fullname", EscapePhpdoc(service->full_name()));
+}
+
+void GenerateFieldDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                             int is_descriptor, int function_type) {
+  // In theory we should have slightly different comments for setters, getters,
+  // etc., but in practice everyone already knows the difference between these
+  // so it's redundant information.
+
+  // We start the comment with the main body based on the comments from the
+  // .proto file (if present). We then end with the field declaration, e.g.:
+  //   optional string foo = 5;
+  // If the field is a group, the debug string might end with {.
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  GenerateDocCommentBody(printer, field);
+  printer->Print(
+    " * Generated from protobuf field <code>^def^</code>\n",
+    "def", EscapePhpdoc(FirstLineOf(field->DebugString())));
+  if (function_type == kFieldSetter) {
+    printer->Print(" * @param ^php_type^ $var\n",
+      "php_type", PhpSetterTypeName(field, is_descriptor));
+    printer->Print(" * @return $this\n");
+  } else if (function_type == kFieldGetter) {
+    printer->Print(" * @return ^php_type^\n",
+      "php_type", PhpGetterTypeName(field, is_descriptor));
+  }
+  printer->Print(" */\n");
+}
+
+void GenerateWrapperFieldGetterDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // Generate a doc comment for the special getXXXValue methods that are
+  // generated for wrapper types.
+  const FieldDescriptor* primitiveField = field->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  printer->Print(
+      " * Returns the unboxed value from <code>get^camel_name^()</code>\n\n",
+      "camel_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true));
+  GenerateDocCommentBody(printer, field);
+  printer->Print(
+    " * Generated from protobuf field <code>^def^</code>\n",
+    "def", EscapePhpdoc(FirstLineOf(field->DebugString())));
+  printer->Print(" * @return ^php_type^|null\n",
+        "php_type", PhpGetterTypeName(primitiveField, false));
+  printer->Print(" */\n");
+}
+
+void GenerateWrapperFieldSetterDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // Generate a doc comment for the special setXXXValue methods that are
+  // generated for wrapper types.
+  const FieldDescriptor* primitiveField = field->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  printer->Print(
+      " * Sets the field by wrapping a primitive type in a ^message_name^ object.\n\n",
+      "message_name", LegacyFullClassName(field->message_type(), false));
+  GenerateDocCommentBody(printer, field);
+  printer->Print(
+    " * Generated from protobuf field <code>^def^</code>\n",
+    "def", EscapePhpdoc(FirstLineOf(field->DebugString())));
+  printer->Print(" * @param ^php_type^|null $var\n",
+        "php_type", PhpSetterTypeName(primitiveField, false));
+  printer->Print(" * @return $this\n");
+  printer->Print(" */\n");
+}
+
+void GenerateEnumDocComment(io::Printer* printer, const EnumDescriptor* enum_,
+                            int is_descriptor) {
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  GenerateDocCommentBody(printer, enum_);
+  printer->Print(
+    " * Protobuf type <code>^fullname^</code>\n"
+    " */\n",
+    "fullname", EscapePhpdoc(enum_->full_name()));
+}
+
+void GenerateEnumValueDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                                 const EnumValueDescriptor* value) {
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  GenerateDocCommentBody(printer, value);
+  printer->Print(
+    " * Generated from protobuf enum <code>^def^</code>\n"
+    " */\n",
+    "def", EscapePhpdoc(FirstLineOf(value->DebugString())));
+}
+
+void GenerateServiceMethodDocComment(io::Printer* printer,
+                              const MethodDescriptor* method) {
+  printer->Print("/**\n");
+  GenerateDocCommentBody(printer, method);
+  printer->Print(
+    " * Method <code>^method_name^</code>\n"
+    " *\n",
+    "method_name", EscapePhpdoc(UnderscoresToCamelCase(method->name(), false)));
+  printer->Print(
+    " * @param \\^input_type^ $request\n",
+    "input_type", EscapePhpdoc(FullClassName(method->input_type(), false)));
+  printer->Print(
+    " * @return \\^return_type^\n"
+    " */\n",
+    "return_type", EscapePhpdoc(FullClassName(method->output_type(), false)));
+}
+
+bool Generator::Generate(const FileDescriptor* file, const string& parameter,
+                         GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+                         string* error) const {
+  return Generate(file, false, false, std::set<string>(),
+                  generator_context, error);
+}
+
+bool Generator::Generate(
+    const FileDescriptor* file,
+    bool is_descriptor,
+    bool aggregate_metadata,
+    const std::set<string>& aggregate_metadata_prefixes,
+    GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+    string* error) const {
+  if (is_descriptor && file->name() != kDescriptorFile) {
+    *error =
+        "Can only generate PHP code for google/protobuf/descriptor.proto.\n";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!is_descriptor && file->syntax() != FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+    *error =
+        "Can only generate PHP code for proto3 .proto files.\n"
+        "Please add 'syntax = \"proto3\";' to the top of your .proto file.\n";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  GenerateFile(file, is_descriptor, aggregate_metadata,
+               aggregate_metadata_prefixes, generator_context);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Generator::GenerateAll(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                            const std::string& parameter,
+                            GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+                            std::string* error) const {
+  bool is_descriptor = false;
+  bool aggregate_metadata = false;
+  std::set<string> aggregate_metadata_prefixes;
+
+  for (const auto& option : Split(parameter, ",")) {
+    const auto option_pair = Split(option, "=");
+    if (HasPrefixString(option_pair[0], "aggregate_metadata")) {
+      string options_string = option_pair[1];
+      const auto options = Split(options_string, "#", false);
+      aggregate_metadata = true;
+      for (int i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) {
+        aggregate_metadata_prefixes.insert(options[i]);
+        GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << options[i];
+      }
+    }
+    if (option_pair[0] == "internal") {
+      is_descriptor = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (auto file : files) {
+    if (!Generate(
+             file, is_descriptor, aggregate_metadata,
+             aggregate_metadata_prefixes,
+             generator_context, error)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace php
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/php/php_generator.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/php/php_generator.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca9d23a46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/php/php_generator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PHP_GENERATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PHP_GENERATOR_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace php {
+
+class PROTOC_EXPORT Generator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  virtual bool Generate(
+      const FileDescriptor* file,
+      const string& parameter,
+      GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+      string* error) const override;
+
+  bool GenerateAll(const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                   const std::string& parameter,
+                   GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+                   std::string* error) const override;
+ private:
+  bool Generate(
+      const FileDescriptor* file,
+      bool is_descriptor,
+      bool aggregate_metadata,
+      const std::set<string>& aggregate_metadata_prefixes,
+      GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+      string* error) const;
+};
+
+// To skip reserved keywords in php, some generated classname are prefixed.
+// Other code generators may need following API to figure out the actual
+// classname.
+PROTOC_EXPORT std::string GeneratedClassName(const Descriptor* desc);
+PROTOC_EXPORT std::string GeneratedClassName(const EnumDescriptor* desc);
+PROTOC_EXPORT std::string GeneratedClassName(const ServiceDescriptor* desc);
+
+inline bool IsWrapperType(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+      descriptor->message_type()->file()->name() == "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+}
+
+}  // namespace php
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PHP_GENERATOR_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7de3985c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <set>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#else
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+// DO NOT include <io.h>, instead create functions in io_win32.{h,cc} and import
+// them like we do below.
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::setmode;
+#endif
+
+class GeneratorResponseContext : public GeneratorContext {
+ public:
+  GeneratorResponseContext(
+      const Version& compiler_version, CodeGeneratorResponse* response,
+      const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files)
+      : compiler_version_(compiler_version),
+        response_(response),
+        parsed_files_(parsed_files) {}
+  virtual ~GeneratorResponseContext() {}
+
+  // implements GeneratorContext --------------------------------------
+
+  virtual io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* Open(const std::string& filename) {
+    CodeGeneratorResponse::File* file = response_->add_file();
+    file->set_name(filename);
+    return new io::StringOutputStream(file->mutable_content());
+  }
+
+  virtual io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* OpenForInsert(
+      const std::string& filename, const std::string& insertion_point) {
+    CodeGeneratorResponse::File* file = response_->add_file();
+    file->set_name(filename);
+    file->set_insertion_point(insertion_point);
+    return new io::StringOutputStream(file->mutable_content());
+  }
+
+  void ListParsedFiles(std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>* output) {
+    *output = parsed_files_;
+  }
+
+  void GetCompilerVersion(Version* version) const {
+    *version = compiler_version_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  Version compiler_version_;
+  CodeGeneratorResponse* response_;
+  const std::vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files_;
+};
+
+bool GenerateCode(const CodeGeneratorRequest& request,
+                  const CodeGenerator& generator,
+                  CodeGeneratorResponse* response, std::string* error_msg) {
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+  for (int i = 0; i < request.proto_file_size(); i++) {
+    const FileDescriptor* file = pool.BuildFile(request.proto_file(i));
+    if (file == NULL) {
+      // BuildFile() already wrote an error message.
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::vector<const FileDescriptor*> parsed_files;
+  for (int i = 0; i < request.file_to_generate_size(); i++) {
+    parsed_files.push_back(pool.FindFileByName(request.file_to_generate(i)));
+    if (parsed_files.back() == NULL) {
+      *error_msg =
+          "protoc asked plugin to generate a file but "
+          "did not provide a descriptor for the file: " +
+          request.file_to_generate(i);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  GeneratorResponseContext context(request.compiler_version(), response,
+                                   parsed_files);
+
+
+  std::string error;
+  bool succeeded = generator.GenerateAll(parsed_files, request.parameter(),
+                                         &context, &error);
+
+  if (!succeeded && error.empty()) {
+    error =
+        "Code generator returned false but provided no error "
+        "description.";
+  }
+  if (!error.empty()) {
+    response->set_error(error);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+int PluginMain(int argc, char* argv[], const CodeGenerator* generator) {
+
+  if (argc > 1) {
+    std::cerr << argv[0] << ": Unknown option: " << argv[1] << std::endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  setmode(STDIN_FILENO, _O_BINARY);
+  setmode(STDOUT_FILENO, _O_BINARY);
+#endif
+
+  CodeGeneratorRequest request;
+  if (!request.ParseFromFileDescriptor(STDIN_FILENO)) {
+    std::cerr << argv[0] << ": protoc sent unparseable request to plugin."
+              << std::endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  std::string error_msg;
+  CodeGeneratorResponse response;
+
+  if (GenerateCode(request, *generator, &response, &error_msg)) {
+    if (!response.SerializeToFileDescriptor(STDOUT_FILENO)) {
+      std::cerr << argv[0] << ": Error writing to stdout." << std::endl;
+      return 1;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (!error_msg.empty()) {
+      std::cerr << argv[0] << ": " << error_msg << std::endl;
+    }
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69c5d3f53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// Front-end for protoc code generator plugins written in C++.
+//
+// To implement a protoc plugin in C++, simply write an implementation of
+// CodeGenerator, then create a main() function like:
+//   int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+//     MyCodeGenerator generator;
+//     return google::protobuf::compiler::PluginMain(argc, argv, &generator);
+//   }
+// You must link your plugin against libprotobuf and libprotoc.
+//
+// The core part of PluginMain is to invoke the given CodeGenerator on a
+// CodeGeneratorRequest to generate a CodeGeneratorResponse. This part is
+// abstracted out and made into function GenerateCode so that it can be reused,
+// for example, to implement a variant of PluginMain that does some
+// preprocessing on the input CodeGeneratorRequest before feeding the request
+// to the given code generator.
+//
+// To get protoc to use the plugin, do one of the following:
+// * Place the plugin binary somewhere in the PATH and give it the name
+//   "protoc-gen-NAME" (replacing "NAME" with the name of your plugin).  If you
+//   then invoke protoc with the parameter --NAME_out=OUT_DIR (again, replace
+//   "NAME" with your plugin's name), protoc will invoke your plugin to generate
+//   the output, which will be placed in OUT_DIR.
+// * Place the plugin binary anywhere, with any name, and pass the --plugin
+//   parameter to protoc to direct it to your plugin like so:
+//     protoc --plugin=protoc-gen-NAME=path/to/mybinary --NAME_out=OUT_DIR
+//   On Windows, make sure to include the .exe suffix:
+//     protoc --plugin=protoc-gen-NAME=path/to/mybinary.exe --NAME_out=OUT_DIR
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PLUGIN_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PLUGIN_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+class CodeGenerator;  // code_generator.h
+class CodeGeneratorRequest;
+class CodeGeneratorResponse;
+
+// Implements main() for a protoc plugin exposing the given code generator.
+PROTOC_EXPORT int PluginMain(int argc, char* argv[],
+                             const CodeGenerator* generator);
+
+// Generates code using the given code generator. Returns true if the code
+// generation is successful. If the code geneartion fails, error_msg may be
+// populated to describe the failure cause.
+bool GenerateCode(const CodeGeneratorRequest& request,
+                  const CodeGenerator& generator,
+                  CodeGeneratorResponse* response, std::string* error_msg);
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PLUGIN_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..354b4c8bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1443 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<6> scc_info_FileDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_CodeGeneratorResponse_File_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_Version_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace compiler {
+class VersionDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Version> _instance;
+} _Version_default_instance_;
+class CodeGeneratorRequestDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<CodeGeneratorRequest> _instance;
+} _CodeGeneratorRequest_default_instance_;
+class CodeGeneratorResponse_FileDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<CodeGeneratorResponse_File> _instance;
+} _CodeGeneratorResponse_File_default_instance_;
+class CodeGeneratorResponseDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<CodeGeneratorResponse> _instance;
+} _CodeGeneratorResponse_default_instance_;
+}  // namespace compiler
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_CodeGeneratorRequest_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::_CodeGeneratorRequest_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorRequest();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorRequest::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOC_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<2> scc_info_CodeGeneratorRequest_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 2, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_CodeGeneratorRequest_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_FileDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_Version_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_CodeGeneratorResponse_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::_CodeGeneratorResponse_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOC_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_CodeGeneratorResponse_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_CodeGeneratorResponse_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_CodeGeneratorResponse_File_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_CodeGeneratorResponse_File_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::_CodeGeneratorResponse_File_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOC_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_CodeGeneratorResponse_File_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_CodeGeneratorResponse_File_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_Version_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::_Version_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOC_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_Version_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_Version_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto[4];
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor const** file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto = nullptr;
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor const** file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto = nullptr;
+
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto::offsets[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version, _has_bits_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version, major_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version, minor_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version, patch_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version, suffix_),
+  1,
+  2,
+  3,
+  0,
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorRequest, _has_bits_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorRequest, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorRequest, file_to_generate_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorRequest, parameter_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorRequest, proto_file_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorRequest, compiler_version_),
+  ~0u,
+  0,
+  ~0u,
+  1,
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File, _has_bits_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File, name_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File, insertion_point_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File, content_),
+  0,
+  1,
+  2,
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse, _has_bits_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse, error_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse, file_),
+  0,
+  ~0u,
+};
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MigrationSchema schemas[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  { 0, 9, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version)},
+  { 13, 22, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorRequest)},
+  { 26, 34, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File)},
+  { 37, 44, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse)},
+};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message const * const file_default_instances[] = {
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::_Version_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::_CodeGeneratorRequest_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::_CodeGeneratorResponse_File_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::_CodeGeneratorResponse_default_instance_),
+};
+
+const char descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
+  "\n%google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto\022"
+  "\030google.protobuf.compiler\032 google/protob"
+  "uf/descriptor.proto\"F\n\007Version\022\r\n\005major\030"
+  "\001 \001(\005\022\r\n\005minor\030\002 \001(\005\022\r\n\005patch\030\003 \001(\005\022\016\n\006s"
+  "uffix\030\004 \001(\t\"\272\001\n\024CodeGeneratorRequest\022\030\n\020"
+  "file_to_generate\030\001 \003(\t\022\021\n\tparameter\030\002 \001("
+  "\t\0228\n\nproto_file\030\017 \003(\0132$.google.protobuf."
+  "FileDescriptorProto\022;\n\020compiler_version\030"
+  "\003 \001(\0132!.google.protobuf.compiler.Version"
+  "\"\252\001\n\025CodeGeneratorResponse\022\r\n\005error\030\001 \001("
+  "\t\022B\n\004file\030\017 \003(\01324.google.protobuf.compil"
+  "er.CodeGeneratorResponse.File\032>\n\004File\022\014\n"
+  "\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022\027\n\017insertion_point\030\002 \001(\t\022\017\n\007"
+  "content\030\017 \001(\tBg\n\034com.google.protobuf.com"
+  "pilerB\014PluginProtosZ9github.com/golang/p"
+  "rotobuf/protoc-gen-go/plugin;plugin_go"
+  ;
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_deps[1] = {
+  &::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_sccs[4] = {
+  &scc_info_CodeGeneratorRequest_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_CodeGeneratorResponse_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_CodeGeneratorResponse_File_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_Version_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.base,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_once;
+static bool descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_initialized = false;
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto = {
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_initialized, descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto, "google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto", 638,
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_once, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_sccs, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_deps, 4, 1,
+  schemas, file_default_instances, TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto::offsets,
+  file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto, 4, file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto, file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto,
+};
+
+// Force running AddDescriptors() at dynamic initialization time.
+static bool dynamic_init_dummy_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto = (  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AddDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto), true);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace compiler {
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Version::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class Version::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<Version>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_major(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_minor(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 4u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_patch(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 8u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_suffix(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+};
+
+Version::Version()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.Version)
+}
+Version::Version(const Version& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  suffix_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_suffix()) {
+    suffix_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.suffix_);
+  }
+  ::memcpy(&major_, &from.major_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&patch_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&major_)) + sizeof(patch_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.Version)
+}
+
+void Version::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_Version_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.base);
+  suffix_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&major_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&patch_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&major_)) + sizeof(patch_));
+}
+
+Version::~Version() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.compiler.Version)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Version::SharedDtor() {
+  suffix_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void Version::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Version& Version::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_Version_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Version::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.compiler.Version)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    suffix_.ClearNonDefaultToEmptyNoArena();
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000000eu) {
+    ::memset(&major_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&patch_) -
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&major_)) + sizeof(patch_));
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Version::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional int32 major = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_major(&has_bits);
+          major_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional int32 minor = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_minor(&has_bits);
+          minor_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional int32 patch = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 24)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_patch(&has_bits);
+          patch_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string suffix = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 34)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_suffix();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.compiler.Version.suffix");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Version::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.compiler.Version)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional int32 major = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(1, this->_internal_major(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 minor = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(2, this->_internal_minor(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 patch = 3;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(3, this->_internal_patch(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string suffix = 4;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_suffix().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_suffix().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.compiler.Version.suffix");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        4, this->_internal_suffix(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.compiler.Version)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Version::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.compiler.Version)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000000fu) {
+    // optional string suffix = 4;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_suffix());
+    }
+
+    // optional int32 major = 1;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->_internal_major());
+    }
+
+    // optional int32 minor = 2;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->_internal_minor());
+    }
+
+    // optional int32 patch = 3;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->_internal_patch());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Version::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.Version)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Version* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Version>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.compiler.Version)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.compiler.Version)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Version::MergeFrom(const Version& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.Version)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000000fu) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+      suffix_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.suffix_);
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      major_ = from.major_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      minor_ = from.minor_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      patch_ = from.patch_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void Version::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.Version)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Version::CopyFrom(const Version& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.Version)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Version::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Version::InternalSwap(Version* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  suffix_.Swap(&other->suffix_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(major_, other->major_);
+  swap(minor_, other->minor_);
+  swap(patch_, other->patch_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Version::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::_CodeGeneratorRequest_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->compiler_version_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class CodeGeneratorRequest::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<CodeGeneratorRequest>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_parameter(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version& compiler_version(const CodeGeneratorRequest* msg);
+  static void set_has_compiler_version(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version&
+CodeGeneratorRequest::_Internal::compiler_version(const CodeGeneratorRequest* msg) {
+  return *msg->compiler_version_;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::clear_proto_file() {
+  proto_file_.Clear();
+}
+CodeGeneratorRequest::CodeGeneratorRequest()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
+}
+CodeGeneratorRequest::CodeGeneratorRequest(const CodeGeneratorRequest& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      file_to_generate_(from.file_to_generate_),
+      proto_file_(from.proto_file_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  parameter_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_parameter()) {
+    parameter_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.parameter_);
+  }
+  if (from._internal_has_compiler_version()) {
+    compiler_version_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version(*from.compiler_version_);
+  } else {
+    compiler_version_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_CodeGeneratorRequest_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.base);
+  parameter_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  compiler_version_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+CodeGeneratorRequest::~CodeGeneratorRequest() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::SharedDtor() {
+  parameter_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete compiler_version_;
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const CodeGeneratorRequest& CodeGeneratorRequest::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_CodeGeneratorRequest_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  file_to_generate_.Clear();
+  proto_file_.Clear();
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      parameter_.ClearNonDefaultToEmptyNoArena();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(compiler_version_ != nullptr);
+      compiler_version_->Clear();
+    }
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* CodeGeneratorRequest::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // repeated string file_to_generate = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            auto str = _internal_add_file_to_generate();
+            ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+            #ifndef NDEBUG
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate");
+            #endif  // !NDEBUG
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<10>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string parameter = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_parameter();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.compiler.Version compiler_version = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_compiler_version(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto proto_file = 15;
+      case 15:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 122)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_proto_file(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<122>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* CodeGeneratorRequest::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated string file_to_generate = 1;
+  for (int i = 0, n = this->_internal_file_to_generate_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    const auto& s = this->_internal_file_to_generate(i);
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      s.data(), static_cast<int>(s.length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate");
+    target = stream->WriteString(1, s, target);
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string parameter = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_parameter().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_parameter().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        2, this->_internal_parameter(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.compiler.Version compiler_version = 3;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        3, _Internal::compiler_version(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto proto_file = 15;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_proto_file_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(15, this->_internal_proto_file(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t CodeGeneratorRequest::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated string file_to_generate = 1;
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FromIntSize(file_to_generate_.size());
+  for (int i = 0, n = file_to_generate_.size(); i < n; i++) {
+    total_size += ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+      file_to_generate_.Get(i));
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto proto_file = 15;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_proto_file_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->proto_file_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    // optional string parameter = 2;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_parameter());
+    }
+
+    // optional .google.protobuf.compiler.Version compiler_version = 3;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+          *compiler_version_);
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const CodeGeneratorRequest* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<CodeGeneratorRequest>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::MergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorRequest& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  file_to_generate_.MergeFrom(from.file_to_generate_);
+  proto_file_.MergeFrom(from.proto_file_);
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+      parameter_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.parameter_);
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      _internal_mutable_compiler_version()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version::MergeFrom(from._internal_compiler_version());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::CopyFrom(const CodeGeneratorRequest& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool CodeGeneratorRequest::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(proto_file_)) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::InternalSwap(CodeGeneratorRequest* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  file_to_generate_.InternalSwap(&other->file_to_generate_);
+  proto_file_.InternalSwap(&other->proto_file_);
+  parameter_.Swap(&other->parameter_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(compiler_version_, other->compiler_version_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata CodeGeneratorRequest::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<CodeGeneratorResponse_File>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_name(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_insertion_point(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_content(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 4u;
+  }
+};
+
+CodeGeneratorResponse_File::CodeGeneratorResponse_File()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
+}
+CodeGeneratorResponse_File::CodeGeneratorResponse_File(const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_name()) {
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  insertion_point_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_insertion_point()) {
+    insertion_point_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.insertion_point_);
+  }
+  content_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_content()) {
+    content_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.content_);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_CodeGeneratorResponse_File_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  insertion_point_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  content_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+CodeGeneratorResponse_File::~CodeGeneratorResponse_File() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::SharedDtor() {
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  insertion_point_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  content_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_CodeGeneratorResponse_File_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000007u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      name_.ClearNonDefaultToEmptyNoArena();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      insertion_point_.ClearNonDefaultToEmptyNoArena();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      content_.ClearNonDefaultToEmptyNoArena();
+    }
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string insertion_point = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_insertion_point();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string content = 15;
+      case 15:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 122)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_content();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string insertion_point = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_insertion_point().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_insertion_point().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        2, this->_internal_insertion_point(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string content = 15;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_content().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_content().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        15, this->_internal_content(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t CodeGeneratorResponse_File::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000007u) {
+    // optional string name = 1;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_name());
+    }
+
+    // optional string insertion_point = 2;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_insertion_point());
+    }
+
+    // optional string content = 15;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_content());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const CodeGeneratorResponse_File* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<CodeGeneratorResponse_File>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::MergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000007u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+      name_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+      insertion_point_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.insertion_point_);
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+      content_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.content_);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::CopyFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool CodeGeneratorResponse_File::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::InternalSwap(CodeGeneratorResponse_File* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  insertion_point_.Swap(&other->insertion_point_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  content_.Swap(&other->content_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata CodeGeneratorResponse_File::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class CodeGeneratorResponse::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<CodeGeneratorResponse>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_error(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+};
+
+CodeGeneratorResponse::CodeGeneratorResponse()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
+}
+CodeGeneratorResponse::CodeGeneratorResponse(const CodeGeneratorResponse& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      file_(from.file_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  error_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_error()) {
+    error_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.error_);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_CodeGeneratorResponse_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.base);
+  error_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+CodeGeneratorResponse::~CodeGeneratorResponse() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::SharedDtor() {
+  error_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const CodeGeneratorResponse& CodeGeneratorResponse::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_CodeGeneratorResponse_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  file_.Clear();
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    error_.ClearNonDefaultToEmptyNoArena();
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* CodeGeneratorResponse::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional string error = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_error();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File file = 15;
+      case 15:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 122)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_file(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<122>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* CodeGeneratorResponse::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string error = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_error().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_error().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_error(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File file = 15;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_file_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(15, this->_internal_file(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t CodeGeneratorResponse::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File file = 15;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_file_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->file_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // optional string error = 1;
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_error());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const CodeGeneratorResponse* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<CodeGeneratorResponse>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::MergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  file_.MergeFrom(from.file_);
+  if (from._internal_has_error()) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+    error_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.error_);
+  }
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::CopyFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool CodeGeneratorResponse::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::InternalSwap(CodeGeneratorResponse* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  file_.InternalSwap(&other->file_);
+  error_.Swap(&other->error_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata CodeGeneratorResponse::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+}  // namespace compiler
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorRequest* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorRequest >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorRequest >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse >(arena);
+}
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6061e3c6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1611 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3011000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3011004 < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto PROTOC_EXPORT
+#ifdef major
+#undef major
+#endif
+#ifdef minor
+#undef minor
+#endif
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace internal {
+class AnyMetadata;
+}  // namespace internal
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
+struct PROTOC_EXPORT TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto {
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTableField entries[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTable schema[4]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 offsets[];
+};
+extern PROTOC_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace compiler {
+class CodeGeneratorRequest;
+class CodeGeneratorRequestDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOC_EXPORT extern CodeGeneratorRequestDefaultTypeInternal _CodeGeneratorRequest_default_instance_;
+class CodeGeneratorResponse;
+class CodeGeneratorResponseDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOC_EXPORT extern CodeGeneratorResponseDefaultTypeInternal _CodeGeneratorResponse_default_instance_;
+class CodeGeneratorResponse_File;
+class CodeGeneratorResponse_FileDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOC_EXPORT extern CodeGeneratorResponse_FileDefaultTypeInternal _CodeGeneratorResponse_File_default_instance_;
+class Version;
+class VersionDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOC_EXPORT extern VersionDefaultTypeInternal _Version_default_instance_;
+}  // namespace compiler
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOC_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorRequest* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorRequest>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOC_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOC_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOC_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version>(Arena*);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace compiler {
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class PROTOC_EXPORT Version :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.compiler.Version) */ {
+ public:
+  Version();
+  virtual ~Version();
+
+  Version(const Version& from);
+  Version(Version&& from) noexcept
+    : Version() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Version& operator=(const Version& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Version& operator=(Version&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Version& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Version* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Version*>(
+               &_Version_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    0;
+
+  friend void swap(Version& a, Version& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Version* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Version* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Version>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Version* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Version>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Version& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Version& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Version* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.compiler.Version";
+  }
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kSuffixFieldNumber = 4,
+    kMajorFieldNumber = 1,
+    kMinorFieldNumber = 2,
+    kPatchFieldNumber = 3,
+  };
+  // optional string suffix = 4;
+  bool has_suffix() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_suffix() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_suffix();
+  const std::string& suffix() const;
+  void set_suffix(const std::string& value);
+  void set_suffix(std::string&& value);
+  void set_suffix(const char* value);
+  void set_suffix(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_suffix();
+  std::string* release_suffix();
+  void set_allocated_suffix(std::string* suffix);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_suffix() const;
+  void _internal_set_suffix(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_suffix();
+  public:
+
+  // optional int32 major = 1;
+  bool has_major() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_major() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_major();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 major() const;
+  void set_major(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_major() const;
+  void _internal_set_major(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional int32 minor = 2;
+  bool has_minor() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_minor() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_minor();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 minor() const;
+  void set_minor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_minor() const;
+  void _internal_set_minor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional int32 patch = 3;
+  bool has_patch() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_patch() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_patch();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 patch() const;
+  void set_patch(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_patch() const;
+  void _internal_set_patch(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.compiler.Version)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr suffix_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 major_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 minor_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 patch_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorRequest :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest) */ {
+ public:
+  CodeGeneratorRequest();
+  virtual ~CodeGeneratorRequest();
+
+  CodeGeneratorRequest(const CodeGeneratorRequest& from);
+  CodeGeneratorRequest(CodeGeneratorRequest&& from) noexcept
+    : CodeGeneratorRequest() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline CodeGeneratorRequest& operator=(const CodeGeneratorRequest& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline CodeGeneratorRequest& operator=(CodeGeneratorRequest&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const CodeGeneratorRequest& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const CodeGeneratorRequest* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const CodeGeneratorRequest*>(
+               &_CodeGeneratorRequest_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    1;
+
+  friend void swap(CodeGeneratorRequest& a, CodeGeneratorRequest& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(CodeGeneratorRequest* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline CodeGeneratorRequest* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<CodeGeneratorRequest>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  CodeGeneratorRequest* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<CodeGeneratorRequest>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const CodeGeneratorRequest& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorRequest& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(CodeGeneratorRequest* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest";
+  }
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kFileToGenerateFieldNumber = 1,
+    kProtoFileFieldNumber = 15,
+    kParameterFieldNumber = 2,
+    kCompilerVersionFieldNumber = 3,
+  };
+  // repeated string file_to_generate = 1;
+  int file_to_generate_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_file_to_generate_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_file_to_generate();
+  const std::string& file_to_generate(int index) const;
+  std::string* mutable_file_to_generate(int index);
+  void set_file_to_generate(int index, const std::string& value);
+  void set_file_to_generate(int index, std::string&& value);
+  void set_file_to_generate(int index, const char* value);
+  void set_file_to_generate(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* add_file_to_generate();
+  void add_file_to_generate(const std::string& value);
+  void add_file_to_generate(std::string&& value);
+  void add_file_to_generate(const char* value);
+  void add_file_to_generate(const char* value, size_t size);
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& file_to_generate() const;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* mutable_file_to_generate();
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_file_to_generate(int index) const;
+  std::string* _internal_add_file_to_generate();
+  public:
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto proto_file = 15;
+  int proto_file_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_proto_file_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_proto_file();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto* mutable_proto_file(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto >*
+      mutable_proto_file();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto& _internal_proto_file(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto* _internal_add_proto_file();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto& proto_file(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto* add_proto_file();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto >&
+      proto_file() const;
+
+  // optional string parameter = 2;
+  bool has_parameter() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_parameter() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_parameter();
+  const std::string& parameter() const;
+  void set_parameter(const std::string& value);
+  void set_parameter(std::string&& value);
+  void set_parameter(const char* value);
+  void set_parameter(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_parameter();
+  std::string* release_parameter();
+  void set_allocated_parameter(std::string* parameter);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_parameter() const;
+  void _internal_set_parameter(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_parameter();
+  public:
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.compiler.Version compiler_version = 3;
+  bool has_compiler_version() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_compiler_version() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_compiler_version();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version& compiler_version() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version* release_compiler_version();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version* mutable_compiler_version();
+  void set_allocated_compiler_version(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version* compiler_version);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version& _internal_compiler_version() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version* _internal_mutable_compiler_version();
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string> file_to_generate_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto > proto_file_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr parameter_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version* compiler_version_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorResponse_File :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File) */ {
+ public:
+  CodeGeneratorResponse_File();
+  virtual ~CodeGeneratorResponse_File();
+
+  CodeGeneratorResponse_File(const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& from);
+  CodeGeneratorResponse_File(CodeGeneratorResponse_File&& from) noexcept
+    : CodeGeneratorResponse_File() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline CodeGeneratorResponse_File& operator=(const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline CodeGeneratorResponse_File& operator=(CodeGeneratorResponse_File&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const CodeGeneratorResponse_File* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const CodeGeneratorResponse_File*>(
+               &_CodeGeneratorResponse_File_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    2;
+
+  friend void swap(CodeGeneratorResponse_File& a, CodeGeneratorResponse_File& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(CodeGeneratorResponse_File* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline CodeGeneratorResponse_File* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<CodeGeneratorResponse_File>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  CodeGeneratorResponse_File* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<CodeGeneratorResponse_File>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(CodeGeneratorResponse_File* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File";
+  }
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kInsertionPointFieldNumber = 2,
+    kContentFieldNumber = 15,
+  };
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  bool has_name() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_name() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string insertion_point = 2;
+  bool has_insertion_point() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_insertion_point() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_insertion_point();
+  const std::string& insertion_point() const;
+  void set_insertion_point(const std::string& value);
+  void set_insertion_point(std::string&& value);
+  void set_insertion_point(const char* value);
+  void set_insertion_point(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_insertion_point();
+  std::string* release_insertion_point();
+  void set_allocated_insertion_point(std::string* insertion_point);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_insertion_point() const;
+  void _internal_set_insertion_point(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_insertion_point();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string content = 15;
+  bool has_content() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_content() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_content();
+  const std::string& content() const;
+  void set_content(const std::string& value);
+  void set_content(std::string&& value);
+  void set_content(const char* value);
+  void set_content(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_content();
+  std::string* release_content();
+  void set_allocated_content(std::string* content);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_content() const;
+  void _internal_set_content(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_content();
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr insertion_point_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr content_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorResponse :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse) */ {
+ public:
+  CodeGeneratorResponse();
+  virtual ~CodeGeneratorResponse();
+
+  CodeGeneratorResponse(const CodeGeneratorResponse& from);
+  CodeGeneratorResponse(CodeGeneratorResponse&& from) noexcept
+    : CodeGeneratorResponse() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline CodeGeneratorResponse& operator=(const CodeGeneratorResponse& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline CodeGeneratorResponse& operator=(CodeGeneratorResponse&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const CodeGeneratorResponse& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const CodeGeneratorResponse* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const CodeGeneratorResponse*>(
+               &_CodeGeneratorResponse_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    3;
+
+  friend void swap(CodeGeneratorResponse& a, CodeGeneratorResponse& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(CodeGeneratorResponse* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline CodeGeneratorResponse* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<CodeGeneratorResponse>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  CodeGeneratorResponse* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<CodeGeneratorResponse>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(CodeGeneratorResponse* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse";
+  }
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  typedef CodeGeneratorResponse_File File;
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kFileFieldNumber = 15,
+    kErrorFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File file = 15;
+  int file_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_file_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_file();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File* mutable_file(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File >*
+      mutable_file();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File& _internal_file(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File* _internal_add_file();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File& file(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File* add_file();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File >&
+      file() const;
+
+  // optional string error = 1;
+  bool has_error() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_error() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_error();
+  const std::string& error() const;
+  void set_error(const std::string& value);
+  void set_error(std::string&& value);
+  void set_error(const char* value);
+  void set_error(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_error();
+  std::string* release_error();
+  void set_allocated_error(std::string* error);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_error() const;
+  void _internal_set_error(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_error();
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File > file_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr error_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// Version
+
+// optional int32 major = 1;
+inline bool Version::_internal_has_major() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool Version::has_major() const {
+  return _internal_has_major();
+}
+inline void Version::clear_major() {
+  major_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Version::_internal_major() const {
+  return major_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Version::major() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.Version.major)
+  return _internal_major();
+}
+inline void Version::_internal_set_major(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  major_ = value;
+}
+inline void Version::set_major(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_major(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.Version.major)
+}
+
+// optional int32 minor = 2;
+inline bool Version::_internal_has_minor() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool Version::has_minor() const {
+  return _internal_has_minor();
+}
+inline void Version::clear_minor() {
+  minor_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Version::_internal_minor() const {
+  return minor_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Version::minor() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.Version.minor)
+  return _internal_minor();
+}
+inline void Version::_internal_set_minor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  minor_ = value;
+}
+inline void Version::set_minor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_minor(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.Version.minor)
+}
+
+// optional int32 patch = 3;
+inline bool Version::_internal_has_patch() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool Version::has_patch() const {
+  return _internal_has_patch();
+}
+inline void Version::clear_patch() {
+  patch_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Version::_internal_patch() const {
+  return patch_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Version::patch() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.Version.patch)
+  return _internal_patch();
+}
+inline void Version::_internal_set_patch(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  patch_ = value;
+}
+inline void Version::set_patch(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_patch(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.Version.patch)
+}
+
+// optional string suffix = 4;
+inline bool Version::_internal_has_suffix() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool Version::has_suffix() const {
+  return _internal_has_suffix();
+}
+inline void Version::clear_suffix() {
+  suffix_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& Version::suffix() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.Version.suffix)
+  return _internal_suffix();
+}
+inline void Version::set_suffix(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_suffix(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.Version.suffix)
+}
+inline std::string* Version::mutable_suffix() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.Version.suffix)
+  return _internal_mutable_suffix();
+}
+inline const std::string& Version::_internal_suffix() const {
+  return suffix_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void Version::_internal_set_suffix(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  suffix_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void Version::set_suffix(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  suffix_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.compiler.Version.suffix)
+}
+inline void Version::set_suffix(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  suffix_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.Version.suffix)
+}
+inline void Version::set_suffix(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  suffix_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.Version.suffix)
+}
+inline std::string* Version::_internal_mutable_suffix() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return suffix_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* Version::release_suffix() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.compiler.Version.suffix)
+  if (!_internal_has_suffix()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return suffix_.ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Version::set_allocated_suffix(std::string* suffix) {
+  if (suffix != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  suffix_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), suffix);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.compiler.Version.suffix)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// CodeGeneratorRequest
+
+// repeated string file_to_generate = 1;
+inline int CodeGeneratorRequest::_internal_file_to_generate_size() const {
+  return file_to_generate_.size();
+}
+inline int CodeGeneratorRequest::file_to_generate_size() const {
+  return _internal_file_to_generate_size();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::clear_file_to_generate() {
+  file_to_generate_.Clear();
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+  return _internal_add_file_to_generate();
+}
+inline const std::string& CodeGeneratorRequest::_internal_file_to_generate(int index) const {
+  return file_to_generate_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const std::string& CodeGeneratorRequest::file_to_generate(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+  return _internal_file_to_generate(index);
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_file_to_generate(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+  return file_to_generate_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_file_to_generate(int index, const std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+  file_to_generate_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_file_to_generate(int index, std::string&& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+  file_to_generate_.Mutable(index)->assign(std::move(value));
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_file_to_generate(int index, const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  file_to_generate_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_file_to_generate(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  file_to_generate_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::_internal_add_file_to_generate() {
+  return file_to_generate_.Add();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate(const std::string& value) {
+  file_to_generate_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate(std::string&& value) {
+  file_to_generate_.Add(std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  file_to_generate_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  file_to_generate_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>&
+CodeGeneratorRequest::file_to_generate() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+  return file_to_generate_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>*
+CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_file_to_generate() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+  return &file_to_generate_;
+}
+
+// optional string parameter = 2;
+inline bool CodeGeneratorRequest::_internal_has_parameter() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool CodeGeneratorRequest::has_parameter() const {
+  return _internal_has_parameter();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::clear_parameter() {
+  parameter_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& CodeGeneratorRequest::parameter() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
+  return _internal_parameter();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_parameter(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_parameter(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_parameter() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
+  return _internal_mutable_parameter();
+}
+inline const std::string& CodeGeneratorRequest::_internal_parameter() const {
+  return parameter_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::_internal_set_parameter(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  parameter_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_parameter(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  parameter_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_parameter(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  parameter_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_parameter(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  parameter_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::_internal_mutable_parameter() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return parameter_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::release_parameter() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
+  if (!_internal_has_parameter()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return parameter_.ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_allocated_parameter(std::string* parameter) {
+  if (parameter != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  parameter_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), parameter);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto proto_file = 15;
+inline int CodeGeneratorRequest::_internal_proto_file_size() const {
+  return proto_file_.size();
+}
+inline int CodeGeneratorRequest::proto_file_size() const {
+  return _internal_proto_file_size();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto* CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_proto_file(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.proto_file)
+  return proto_file_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto >*
+CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_proto_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.proto_file)
+  return &proto_file_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto& CodeGeneratorRequest::_internal_proto_file(int index) const {
+  return proto_file_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto& CodeGeneratorRequest::proto_file(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.proto_file)
+  return _internal_proto_file(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto* CodeGeneratorRequest::_internal_add_proto_file() {
+  return proto_file_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto* CodeGeneratorRequest::add_proto_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.proto_file)
+  return _internal_add_proto_file();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto >&
+CodeGeneratorRequest::proto_file() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.proto_file)
+  return proto_file_;
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.compiler.Version compiler_version = 3;
+inline bool CodeGeneratorRequest::_internal_has_compiler_version() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  PROTOBUF_ASSUME(!value || compiler_version_ != nullptr);
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool CodeGeneratorRequest::has_compiler_version() const {
+  return _internal_has_compiler_version();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::clear_compiler_version() {
+  if (compiler_version_ != nullptr) compiler_version_->Clear();
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version& CodeGeneratorRequest::_internal_compiler_version() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version* p = compiler_version_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::_Version_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version& CodeGeneratorRequest::compiler_version() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.compiler_version)
+  return _internal_compiler_version();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version* CodeGeneratorRequest::release_compiler_version() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.compiler_version)
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version* temp = compiler_version_;
+  compiler_version_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version* CodeGeneratorRequest::_internal_mutable_compiler_version() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  if (compiler_version_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    compiler_version_ = p;
+  }
+  return compiler_version_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version* CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_compiler_version() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.compiler_version)
+  return _internal_mutable_compiler_version();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_allocated_compiler_version(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::Version* compiler_version) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete compiler_version_;
+  }
+  if (compiler_version) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena = nullptr;
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      compiler_version = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, compiler_version, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  compiler_version_ = compiler_version;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.compiler_version)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// CodeGeneratorResponse_File
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline bool CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_internal_has_name() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool CodeGeneratorResponse_File::has_name() const {
+  return _internal_has_name();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
+  if (!_internal_has_name()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
+}
+
+// optional string insertion_point = 2;
+inline bool CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_internal_has_insertion_point() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool CodeGeneratorResponse_File::has_insertion_point() const {
+  return _internal_has_insertion_point();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::clear_insertion_point() {
+  insertion_point_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline const std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::insertion_point() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
+  return _internal_insertion_point();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_insertion_point(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_insertion_point(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::mutable_insertion_point() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
+  return _internal_mutable_insertion_point();
+}
+inline const std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_internal_insertion_point() const {
+  return insertion_point_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_internal_set_insertion_point(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  insertion_point_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_insertion_point(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  insertion_point_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_insertion_point(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  insertion_point_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_insertion_point(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  insertion_point_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_internal_mutable_insertion_point() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  return insertion_point_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::release_insertion_point() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
+  if (!_internal_has_insertion_point()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  return insertion_point_.ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_allocated_insertion_point(std::string* insertion_point) {
+  if (insertion_point != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  insertion_point_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), insertion_point);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
+}
+
+// optional string content = 15;
+inline bool CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_internal_has_content() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool CodeGeneratorResponse_File::has_content() const {
+  return _internal_has_content();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::clear_content() {
+  content_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+inline const std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::content() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
+  return _internal_content();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_content(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_content(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::mutable_content() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
+  return _internal_mutable_content();
+}
+inline const std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_internal_content() const {
+  return content_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_internal_set_content(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  content_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_content(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  content_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_content(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  content_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_content(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  content_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::_internal_mutable_content() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  return content_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::release_content() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
+  if (!_internal_has_content()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  return content_.ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_allocated_content(std::string* content) {
+  if (content != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  }
+  content_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), content);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// CodeGeneratorResponse
+
+// optional string error = 1;
+inline bool CodeGeneratorResponse::_internal_has_error() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool CodeGeneratorResponse::has_error() const {
+  return _internal_has_error();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse::clear_error() {
+  error_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse::error() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
+  return _internal_error();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_error(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_error(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse::mutable_error() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
+  return _internal_mutable_error();
+}
+inline const std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse::_internal_error() const {
+  return error_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse::_internal_set_error(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  error_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_error(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  error_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_error(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  error_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_error(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  error_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse::_internal_mutable_error() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return error_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse::release_error() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
+  if (!_internal_has_error()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return error_.ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_allocated_error(std::string* error) {
+  if (error != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  error_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), error);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File file = 15;
+inline int CodeGeneratorResponse::_internal_file_size() const {
+  return file_.size();
+}
+inline int CodeGeneratorResponse::file_size() const {
+  return _internal_file_size();
+}
+inline void CodeGeneratorResponse::clear_file() {
+  file_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File* CodeGeneratorResponse::mutable_file(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.file)
+  return file_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File >*
+CodeGeneratorResponse::mutable_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.file)
+  return &file_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File& CodeGeneratorResponse::_internal_file(int index) const {
+  return file_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File& CodeGeneratorResponse::file(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.file)
+  return _internal_file(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File* CodeGeneratorResponse::_internal_add_file() {
+  return file_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File* CodeGeneratorResponse::add_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.file)
+  return _internal_add_file();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File >&
+CodeGeneratorResponse::file() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.file)
+  return file_;
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..665e5a725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// WARNING:  The plugin interface is currently EXPERIMENTAL and is subject to
+//   change.
+//
+// protoc (aka the Protocol Compiler) can be extended via plugins.  A plugin is
+// just a program that reads a CodeGeneratorRequest from stdin and writes a
+// CodeGeneratorResponse to stdout.
+//
+// Plugins written using C++ can use google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h instead
+// of dealing with the raw protocol defined here.
+//
+// A plugin executable needs only to be placed somewhere in the path.  The
+// plugin should be named "protoc-gen-$NAME", and will then be used when the
+// flag "--${NAME}_out" is passed to protoc.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package google.protobuf.compiler;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.compiler";
+option java_outer_classname = "PluginProtos";
+
+option go_package = "github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go/plugin;plugin_go";
+
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+// The version number of protocol compiler.
+message Version {
+  optional int32 major = 1;
+  optional int32 minor = 2;
+  optional int32 patch = 3;
+  // A suffix for alpha, beta or rc release, e.g., "alpha-1", "rc2". It should
+  // be empty for mainline stable releases.
+  optional string suffix = 4;
+}
+
+// An encoded CodeGeneratorRequest is written to the plugin's stdin.
+message CodeGeneratorRequest {
+  // The .proto files that were explicitly listed on the command-line.  The
+  // code generator should generate code only for these files.  Each file's
+  // descriptor will be included in proto_file, below.
+  repeated string file_to_generate = 1;
+
+  // The generator parameter passed on the command-line.
+  optional string parameter = 2;
+
+  // FileDescriptorProtos for all files in files_to_generate and everything
+  // they import.  The files will appear in topological order, so each file
+  // appears before any file that imports it.
+  //
+  // protoc guarantees that all proto_files will be written after
+  // the fields above, even though this is not technically guaranteed by the
+  // protobuf wire format.  This theoretically could allow a plugin to stream
+  // in the FileDescriptorProtos and handle them one by one rather than read
+  // the entire set into memory at once.  However, as of this writing, this
+  // is not similarly optimized on protoc's end -- it will store all fields in
+  // memory at once before sending them to the plugin.
+  //
+  // Type names of fields and extensions in the FileDescriptorProto are always
+  // fully qualified.
+  repeated FileDescriptorProto proto_file = 15;
+
+  // The version number of protocol compiler.
+  optional Version compiler_version = 3;
+
+}
+
+// The plugin writes an encoded CodeGeneratorResponse to stdout.
+message CodeGeneratorResponse {
+  // Error message.  If non-empty, code generation failed.  The plugin process
+  // should exit with status code zero even if it reports an error in this way.
+  //
+  // This should be used to indicate errors in .proto files which prevent the
+  // code generator from generating correct code.  Errors which indicate a
+  // problem in protoc itself -- such as the input CodeGeneratorRequest being
+  // unparseable -- should be reported by writing a message to stderr and
+  // exiting with a non-zero status code.
+  optional string error = 1;
+
+  // Represents a single generated file.
+  message File {
+    // The file name, relative to the output directory.  The name must not
+    // contain "." or ".." components and must be relative, not be absolute (so,
+    // the file cannot lie outside the output directory).  "/" must be used as
+    // the path separator, not "\".
+    //
+    // If the name is omitted, the content will be appended to the previous
+    // file.  This allows the generator to break large files into small chunks,
+    // and allows the generated text to be streamed back to protoc so that large
+    // files need not reside completely in memory at one time.  Note that as of
+    // this writing protoc does not optimize for this -- it will read the entire
+    // CodeGeneratorResponse before writing files to disk.
+    optional string name = 1;
+
+    // If non-empty, indicates that the named file should already exist, and the
+    // content here is to be inserted into that file at a defined insertion
+    // point.  This feature allows a code generator to extend the output
+    // produced by another code generator.  The original generator may provide
+    // insertion points by placing special annotations in the file that look
+    // like:
+    //   @@protoc_insertion_point(NAME)
+    // The annotation can have arbitrary text before and after it on the line,
+    // which allows it to be placed in a comment.  NAME should be replaced with
+    // an identifier naming the point -- this is what other generators will use
+    // as the insertion_point.  Code inserted at this point will be placed
+    // immediately above the line containing the insertion point (thus multiple
+    // insertions to the same point will come out in the order they were added).
+    // The double-@ is intended to make it unlikely that the generated code
+    // could contain things that look like insertion points by accident.
+    //
+    // For example, the C++ code generator places the following line in the
+    // .pb.h files that it generates:
+    //   // @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+    // This line appears within the scope of the file's package namespace, but
+    // outside of any particular class.  Another plugin can then specify the
+    // insertion_point "namespace_scope" to generate additional classes or
+    // other declarations that should be placed in this scope.
+    //
+    // Note that if the line containing the insertion point begins with
+    // whitespace, the same whitespace will be added to every line of the
+    // inserted text.  This is useful for languages like Python, where
+    // indentation matters.  In these languages, the insertion point comment
+    // should be indented the same amount as any inserted code will need to be
+    // in order to work correctly in that context.
+    //
+    // The code generator that generates the initial file and the one which
+    // inserts into it must both run as part of a single invocation of protoc.
+    // Code generators are executed in the order in which they appear on the
+    // command line.
+    //
+    // If |insertion_point| is present, |name| must also be present.
+    optional string insertion_point = 2;
+
+    // The file contents.
+    optional string content = 15;
+  }
+  repeated File file = 15;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b20f3fb27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1461 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)
+//
+// This module outputs pure-Python protocol message classes that will
+// largely be constructed at runtime via the metaclass in reflection.py.
+// In other words, our job is basically to output a Python equivalent
+// of the C++ *Descriptor objects, and fix up all circular references
+// within these objects.
+//
+// Note that the runtime performance of protocol message classes created in
+// this way is expected to be lousy.  The plan is to create an alternate
+// generator that outputs a Python/C extension module that lets
+// performance-minded Python code leverage the fast C++ implementation
+// directly.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace python {
+
+namespace {
+
+bool StrEndsWith(StringPiece sp, StringPiece x) {
+  return sp.size() >= x.size() && sp.substr(sp.size() - x.size()) == x;
+}
+
+// Returns a copy of |filename| with any trailing ".protodevel" or ".proto
+// suffix stripped.
+// TODO(robinson): Unify with copy in compiler/cpp/internal/helpers.cc.
+std::string StripProto(const std::string& filename) {
+  const char* suffix =
+      StrEndsWith(filename, ".protodevel") ? ".protodevel" : ".proto";
+  return StripSuffixString(filename, suffix);
+}
+
+// Returns the Python module name expected for a given .proto filename.
+std::string ModuleName(const std::string& filename) {
+  std::string basename = StripProto(filename);
+  ReplaceCharacters(&basename, "-", '_');
+  ReplaceCharacters(&basename, "/", '.');
+  return basename + "_pb2";
+}
+
+// Returns the alias we assign to the module of the given .proto filename
+// when importing. See testPackageInitializationImport in
+// net/proto2/python/internal/reflection_test.py
+// to see why we need the alias.
+std::string ModuleAlias(const std::string& filename) {
+  std::string module_name = ModuleName(filename);
+  // We can't have dots in the module name, so we replace each with _dot_.
+  // But that could lead to a collision between a.b and a_dot_b, so we also
+  // duplicate each underscore.
+  GlobalReplaceSubstring("_", "__", &module_name);
+  GlobalReplaceSubstring(".", "_dot_", &module_name);
+  return module_name;
+}
+
+// Keywords reserved by the Python language.
+const char* const kKeywords[] = {
+    "False",   "None",     "True",     "and",    "as",    "assert", "break",
+    "class",   "continue", "def",      "del",    "elif",  "else",   "except",
+    "finally", "for",      "from",     "global", "if",    "import", "in",
+    "is",      "lambda",   "nonlocal", "not",    "or",    "pass",   "raise",
+    "return",  "try",      "while",    "with",   "yield", "print",
+};
+const char* const* kKeywordsEnd =
+    kKeywords + (sizeof(kKeywords) / sizeof(kKeywords[0]));
+
+bool ContainsPythonKeyword(const std::string& module_name) {
+  std::vector<std::string> tokens = Split(module_name, ".");
+  for (int i = 0; i < tokens.size(); ++i) {
+    if (std::find(kKeywords, kKeywordsEnd, tokens[i]) != kKeywordsEnd) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline bool IsPythonKeyword(const string& name) {
+  return (std::find(kKeywords, kKeywordsEnd, name) != kKeywordsEnd);
+}
+
+std::string ResolveKeyword(const std::string& name) {
+  if (IsPythonKeyword(name)) {
+    return "globals()['" + name + "']";
+  }
+  return name;
+}
+
+// Returns the name of all containing types for descriptor,
+// in order from outermost to innermost, followed by descriptor's
+// own name.  Each name is separated by |separator|.
+template <typename DescriptorT>
+std::string NamePrefixedWithNestedTypes(const DescriptorT& descriptor,
+                                        const std::string& separator) {
+  std::string name = descriptor.name();
+  const Descriptor* parent = descriptor.containing_type();
+  if (parent != nullptr) {
+    std::string prefix = NamePrefixedWithNestedTypes(*parent, separator);
+    if (separator == "." && IsPythonKeyword(name)) {
+      return "getattr(" + prefix + ", '" + name + "')";
+    } else {
+      return prefix + separator + name;
+    }
+  }
+  if (separator == ".") {
+    name = ResolveKeyword(name);
+  }
+  return name;
+}
+
+// Name of the class attribute where we store the Python
+// descriptor.Descriptor instance for the generated class.
+// Must stay consistent with the _DESCRIPTOR_KEY constant
+// in proto2/public/reflection.py.
+const char kDescriptorKey[] = "DESCRIPTOR";
+
+// Does the file have top-level enums?
+inline bool HasTopLevelEnums(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  return file->enum_type_count() > 0;
+}
+
+// Should we generate generic services for this file?
+inline bool HasGenericServices(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  return file->service_count() > 0 && file->options().py_generic_services();
+}
+
+// Prints the common boilerplate needed at the top of every .py
+// file output by this generator.
+void PrintTopBoilerplate(io::Printer* printer, const FileDescriptor* file,
+                         bool descriptor_proto) {
+  // TODO(robinson): Allow parameterization of Python version?
+  printer->Print(
+      "# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n"
+      "# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+      "# source: $filename$\n"
+      "\n",
+      "filename", file->name());
+  if (HasTopLevelEnums(file)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "from google.protobuf.internal import enum_type_wrapper\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+      "from google.protobuf import descriptor as _descriptor\n"
+      "from google.protobuf import message as _message\n"
+      "from google.protobuf import reflection as _reflection\n"
+      "from google.protobuf import symbol_database as "
+      "_symbol_database\n");
+  if (HasGenericServices(file)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "from google.protobuf import service as _service\n"
+        "from google.protobuf import service_reflection\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "# @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)\n\n"
+      "_sym_db = _symbol_database.Default()\n");
+  printer->Print("\n\n");
+}
+
+// Returns a Python literal giving the default value for a field.
+// If the field specifies no explicit default value, we'll return
+// the default default value for the field type (zero for numbers,
+// empty string for strings, empty list for repeated fields, and
+// None for non-repeated, composite fields).
+//
+// TODO(robinson): Unify with code from
+// //compiler/cpp/internal/primitive_field.cc
+// //compiler/cpp/internal/enum_field.cc
+// //compiler/cpp/internal/string_field.cc
+std::string StringifyDefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor& field) {
+  if (field.is_repeated()) {
+    return "[]";
+  }
+
+  switch (field.cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return StrCat(field.default_value_int32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return StrCat(field.default_value_uint32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return StrCat(field.default_value_int64());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return StrCat(field.default_value_uint64());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      double value = field.default_value_double();
+      if (value == std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+        // Python pre-2.6 on Windows does not parse "inf" correctly.  However,
+        // a numeric literal that is too big for a double will become infinity.
+        return "1e10000";
+      } else if (value == -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+        // See above.
+        return "-1e10000";
+      } else if (value != value) {
+        // infinity * 0 = nan
+        return "(1e10000 * 0)";
+      } else {
+        return "float(" + SimpleDtoa(value) + ")";
+      }
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT: {
+      float value = field.default_value_float();
+      if (value == std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) {
+        // Python pre-2.6 on Windows does not parse "inf" correctly.  However,
+        // a numeric literal that is too big for a double will become infinity.
+        return "1e10000";
+      } else if (value == -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) {
+        // See above.
+        return "-1e10000";
+      } else if (value != value) {
+        // infinity - infinity = nan
+        return "(1e10000 * 0)";
+      } else {
+        return "float(" + SimpleFtoa(value) + ")";
+      }
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return field.default_value_bool() ? "True" : "False";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return StrCat(field.default_value_enum()->number());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      return "b\"" + CEscape(field.default_value_string()) +
+             (field.type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING
+                  ? "\""
+                  : "\".decode('utf-8')");
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "None";
+  }
+  // (We could add a default case above but then we wouldn't get the nice
+  // compiler warning when a new type is added.)
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Not reached.";
+  return "";
+}
+
+std::string StringifySyntax(FileDescriptor::Syntax syntax) {
+  switch (syntax) {
+    case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2:
+      return "proto2";
+    case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3:
+      return "proto3";
+    case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_UNKNOWN:
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unsupported syntax; this generator only supports proto2 "
+                    "and proto3 syntax.";
+      return "";
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+Generator::Generator() : file_(nullptr) {}
+
+Generator::~Generator() {}
+
+bool Generator::Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                         const std::string& parameter,
+                         GeneratorContext* context, std::string* error) const {
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // parse generator options
+  bool cpp_generated_lib_linked = false;
+
+  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> > options;
+  ParseGeneratorParameter(parameter, &options);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) {
+    if (options[i].first == "cpp_generated_lib_linked") {
+      cpp_generated_lib_linked = true;
+    } else {
+      *error = "Unknown generator option: " + options[i].first;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  // Completely serialize all Generate() calls on this instance.  The
+  // thread-safety constraints of the CodeGenerator interface aren't clear so
+  // just be as conservative as possible.  It's easier to relax this later if
+  // we need to, but I doubt it will be an issue.
+  // TODO(kenton):  The proper thing to do would be to allocate any state on
+  //   the stack and use that, so that the Generator class itself does not need
+  //   to have any mutable members.  Then it is implicitly thread-safe.
+  MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+  file_ = file;
+  std::string module_name = ModuleName(file->name());
+  std::string filename = module_name;
+  ReplaceCharacters(&filename, ".", '/');
+  filename += ".py";
+
+  pure_python_workable_ = !cpp_generated_lib_linked;
+  if (HasPrefixString(file->name(), "google/protobuf/")) {
+    pure_python_workable_ = true;
+  }
+
+  FileDescriptorProto fdp;
+  file_->CopyTo(&fdp);
+  fdp.SerializeToString(&file_descriptor_serialized_);
+
+
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(context->Open(filename));
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(output.get());
+  io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+  printer_ = &printer;
+
+  PrintTopBoilerplate(printer_, file_, GeneratingDescriptorProto());
+  if (pure_python_workable_) {
+    PrintImports();
+  }
+  PrintFileDescriptor();
+  PrintTopLevelEnums();
+  PrintTopLevelExtensions();
+  if (pure_python_workable_) {
+    PrintAllNestedEnumsInFile();
+    PrintMessageDescriptors();
+    FixForeignFieldsInDescriptors();
+  }
+  PrintMessages();
+  if (pure_python_workable_) {
+    // We have to fix up the extensions after the message classes themselves,
+    // since they need to call static RegisterExtension() methods on these
+    // classes.
+    FixForeignFieldsInExtensions();
+    // Descriptor options may have custom extensions. These custom options
+    // can only be successfully parsed after we register corresponding
+    // extensions. Therefore we parse all options again here to recognize
+    // custom options that may be unknown when we define the descriptors.
+    // This does not apply to services because they are not used by extensions.
+    FixAllDescriptorOptions();
+    PrintServiceDescriptors();
+  }
+  if (HasGenericServices(file)) {
+    PrintServices();
+  }
+
+  printer.Print("# @@protoc_insertion_point(module_scope)\n");
+
+  return !printer.failed();
+}
+
+
+// Prints Python imports for all modules imported by |file|.
+void Generator::PrintImports() const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); ++i) {
+    const std::string& filename = file_->dependency(i)->name();
+
+    std::string module_name = ModuleName(filename);
+    std::string module_alias = ModuleAlias(filename);
+    if (ContainsPythonKeyword(module_name)) {
+      // If the module path contains a Python keyword, we have to quote the
+      // module name and import it using importlib. Otherwise the usual kind of
+      // import statement would result in a syntax error from the presence of
+      // the keyword.
+      printer_->Print("import importlib\n");
+      printer_->Print("$alias$ = importlib.import_module('$name$')\n", "alias",
+                      module_alias, "name", module_name);
+    } else {
+      int last_dot_pos = module_name.rfind('.');
+      std::string import_statement;
+      if (last_dot_pos == std::string::npos) {
+        // NOTE(petya): this is not tested as it would require a protocol buffer
+        // outside of any package, and I don't think that is easily achievable.
+        import_statement = "import " + module_name;
+      } else {
+        import_statement = "from " + module_name.substr(0, last_dot_pos) +
+                           " import " + module_name.substr(last_dot_pos + 1);
+      }
+      printer_->Print("$statement$ as $alias$\n", "statement", import_statement,
+                      "alias", module_alias);
+    }
+
+    CopyPublicDependenciesAliases(module_alias, file_->dependency(i));
+  }
+  printer_->Print("\n");
+
+  // Print public imports.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->public_dependency_count(); ++i) {
+    std::string module_name = ModuleName(file_->public_dependency(i)->name());
+    printer_->Print("from $module$ import *\n", "module", module_name);
+  }
+  printer_->Print("\n");
+}
+
+// Prints the single file descriptor for this file.
+void Generator::PrintFileDescriptor() const {
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+  m["descriptor_name"] = kDescriptorKey;
+  m["name"] = file_->name();
+  m["package"] = file_->package();
+  m["syntax"] = StringifySyntax(file_->syntax());
+  m["options"] = OptionsValue(file_->options().SerializeAsString());
+  const char file_descriptor_template[] =
+      "$descriptor_name$ = _descriptor.FileDescriptor(\n"
+      "  name='$name$',\n"
+      "  package='$package$',\n"
+      "  syntax='$syntax$',\n"
+      "  serialized_options=$options$,\n";
+  printer_->Print(m, file_descriptor_template);
+  printer_->Indent();
+  if (pure_python_workable_) {
+    printer_->Print("serialized_pb=b'$value$'\n", "value",
+                    strings::CHexEscape(file_descriptor_serialized_));
+    if (file_->dependency_count() != 0) {
+      printer_->Print(",\ndependencies=[");
+      for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); ++i) {
+        std::string module_alias = ModuleAlias(file_->dependency(i)->name());
+        printer_->Print("$module_alias$.DESCRIPTOR,", "module_alias",
+                        module_alias);
+      }
+      printer_->Print("]");
+    }
+    if (file_->public_dependency_count() > 0) {
+      printer_->Print(",\npublic_dependencies=[");
+      for (int i = 0; i < file_->public_dependency_count(); ++i) {
+        std::string module_alias =
+            ModuleAlias(file_->public_dependency(i)->name());
+        printer_->Print("$module_alias$.DESCRIPTOR,", "module_alias",
+                        module_alias);
+      }
+      printer_->Print("]");
+    }
+  } else {
+    printer_->Print("serialized_pb=''\n");
+  }
+
+  // TODO(falk): Also print options and fix the message_type, enum_type,
+  //             service and extension later in the generation.
+
+  printer_->Outdent();
+  printer_->Print(")\n");
+  printer_->Print("\n");
+}
+
+// Prints descriptors and module-level constants for all top-level
+// enums defined in |file|.
+void Generator::PrintTopLevelEnums() const {
+  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int> > top_level_enum_values;
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); ++i) {
+    const EnumDescriptor& enum_descriptor = *file_->enum_type(i);
+    PrintEnum(enum_descriptor);
+    printer_->Print(
+        "$name$ = "
+        "enum_type_wrapper.EnumTypeWrapper($descriptor_name$)",
+        "name", ResolveKeyword(enum_descriptor.name()), "descriptor_name",
+        ModuleLevelDescriptorName(enum_descriptor));
+    printer_->Print("\n");
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < enum_descriptor.value_count(); ++j) {
+      const EnumValueDescriptor& value_descriptor = *enum_descriptor.value(j);
+      top_level_enum_values.push_back(
+          std::make_pair(value_descriptor.name(), value_descriptor.number()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < top_level_enum_values.size(); ++i) {
+    printer_->Print("$name$ = $value$\n", "name",
+                    ResolveKeyword(top_level_enum_values[i].first), "value",
+                    StrCat(top_level_enum_values[i].second));
+  }
+  printer_->Print("\n");
+}
+
+// Prints all enums contained in all message types in |file|.
+void Generator::PrintAllNestedEnumsInFile() const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    PrintNestedEnums(*file_->message_type(i));
+  }
+}
+
+// Prints a Python statement assigning the appropriate module-level
+// enum name to a Python EnumDescriptor object equivalent to
+// enum_descriptor.
+void Generator::PrintEnum(const EnumDescriptor& enum_descriptor) const {
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+  std::string module_level_descriptor_name =
+      ModuleLevelDescriptorName(enum_descriptor);
+  m["descriptor_name"] = module_level_descriptor_name;
+  m["name"] = enum_descriptor.name();
+  m["full_name"] = enum_descriptor.full_name();
+  m["file"] = kDescriptorKey;
+  const char enum_descriptor_template[] =
+      "$descriptor_name$ = _descriptor.EnumDescriptor(\n"
+      "  name='$name$',\n"
+      "  full_name='$full_name$',\n"
+      "  filename=None,\n"
+      "  file=$file$,\n"
+      "  values=[\n";
+  std::string options_string;
+  enum_descriptor.options().SerializeToString(&options_string);
+  printer_->Print(m, enum_descriptor_template);
+  printer_->Indent();
+  printer_->Indent();
+
+  if (pure_python_workable_) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < enum_descriptor.value_count(); ++i) {
+      PrintEnumValueDescriptor(*enum_descriptor.value(i));
+      printer_->Print(",\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  printer_->Outdent();
+  printer_->Print("],\n");
+  printer_->Print("containing_type=None,\n");
+  printer_->Print("serialized_options=$options_value$,\n", "options_value",
+                  OptionsValue(options_string));
+  EnumDescriptorProto edp;
+  PrintSerializedPbInterval(enum_descriptor, edp);
+  printer_->Outdent();
+  printer_->Print(")\n");
+  if (pure_python_workable_) {
+    printer_->Print("_sym_db.RegisterEnumDescriptor($name$)\n", "name",
+                    module_level_descriptor_name);
+  }
+  printer_->Print("\n");
+}
+
+// Recursively prints enums in nested types within descriptor, then
+// prints enums contained at the top level in descriptor.
+void Generator::PrintNestedEnums(const Descriptor& descriptor) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    PrintNestedEnums(*descriptor.nested_type(i));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.enum_type_count(); ++i) {
+    PrintEnum(*descriptor.enum_type(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::PrintTopLevelExtensions() const {
+  const bool is_extension = true;
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor& extension_field = *file_->extension(i);
+    std::string constant_name = extension_field.name() + "_FIELD_NUMBER";
+    UpperString(&constant_name);
+    printer_->Print("$constant_name$ = $number$\n", "constant_name",
+                    constant_name, "number",
+                    StrCat(extension_field.number()));
+    printer_->Print("$name$ = ", "name",
+                    ResolveKeyword(extension_field.name()));
+    PrintFieldDescriptor(extension_field, is_extension);
+    printer_->Print("\n");
+  }
+  printer_->Print("\n");
+}
+
+// Prints Python equivalents of all Descriptors in |file|.
+void Generator::PrintMessageDescriptors() const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    PrintDescriptor(*file_->message_type(i));
+    printer_->Print("\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::PrintServiceDescriptors() const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->service_count(); ++i) {
+    PrintServiceDescriptor(*file_->service(i));
+    AddServiceToFileDescriptor(*file_->service(i));
+    printer_->Print("\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::PrintServices() const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->service_count(); ++i) {
+    PrintServiceClass(*file_->service(i));
+    PrintServiceStub(*file_->service(i));
+    printer_->Print("\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::PrintServiceDescriptor(
+    const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const {
+  printer_->Print("\n");
+  std::string service_name = ModuleLevelServiceDescriptorName(descriptor);
+  std::string options_string;
+  descriptor.options().SerializeToString(&options_string);
+
+  printer_->Print("$service_name$ = _descriptor.ServiceDescriptor(\n",
+                  "service_name", service_name);
+  printer_->Indent();
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+  m["name"] = descriptor.name();
+  m["full_name"] = descriptor.full_name();
+  m["file"] = kDescriptorKey;
+  m["index"] = StrCat(descriptor.index());
+  m["options_value"] = OptionsValue(options_string);
+  const char required_function_arguments[] =
+      "name='$name$',\n"
+      "full_name='$full_name$',\n"
+      "file=$file$,\n"
+      "index=$index$,\n"
+      "serialized_options=$options_value$,\n";
+  printer_->Print(m, required_function_arguments);
+
+  ServiceDescriptorProto sdp;
+  PrintSerializedPbInterval(descriptor, sdp);
+
+  printer_->Print("methods=[\n");
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.method_count(); ++i) {
+    const MethodDescriptor* method = descriptor.method(i);
+    method->options().SerializeToString(&options_string);
+
+    m.clear();
+    m["name"] = method->name();
+    m["full_name"] = method->full_name();
+    m["index"] = StrCat(method->index());
+    m["serialized_options"] = CEscape(options_string);
+    m["input_type"] = ModuleLevelDescriptorName(*(method->input_type()));
+    m["output_type"] = ModuleLevelDescriptorName(*(method->output_type()));
+    m["options_value"] = OptionsValue(options_string);
+    printer_->Print("_descriptor.MethodDescriptor(\n");
+    printer_->Indent();
+    printer_->Print(m,
+                    "name='$name$',\n"
+                    "full_name='$full_name$',\n"
+                    "index=$index$,\n"
+                    "containing_service=None,\n"
+                    "input_type=$input_type$,\n"
+                    "output_type=$output_type$,\n"
+                    "serialized_options=$options_value$,\n");
+    printer_->Outdent();
+    printer_->Print("),\n");
+  }
+
+  printer_->Outdent();
+  printer_->Print("])\n");
+  printer_->Print("_sym_db.RegisterServiceDescriptor($name$)\n", "name",
+                  service_name);
+  printer_->Print("\n");
+}
+
+void Generator::PrintDescriptorKeyAndModuleName(
+    const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const {
+  std::string name = ModuleLevelServiceDescriptorName(descriptor);
+  if (!pure_python_workable_) {
+    name = "'" + descriptor.full_name() + "'";
+  }
+  printer_->Print("$descriptor_key$ = $descriptor_name$,\n", "descriptor_key",
+                  kDescriptorKey, "descriptor_name", name);
+  std::string module_name = ModuleName(file_->name());
+  printer_->Print("__module__ = '$module_name$'\n", "module_name", module_name);
+}
+
+void Generator::PrintServiceClass(const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const {
+  // Print the service.
+  printer_->Print(
+      "$class_name$ = service_reflection.GeneratedServiceType("
+      "'$class_name$', (_service.Service,), dict(\n",
+      "class_name", descriptor.name());
+  printer_->Indent();
+  Generator::PrintDescriptorKeyAndModuleName(descriptor);
+  printer_->Print("))\n\n");
+  printer_->Outdent();
+}
+
+void Generator::PrintServiceStub(const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const {
+  // Print the service stub.
+  printer_->Print(
+      "$class_name$_Stub = "
+      "service_reflection.GeneratedServiceStubType("
+      "'$class_name$_Stub', ($class_name$,), dict(\n",
+      "class_name", descriptor.name());
+  printer_->Indent();
+  Generator::PrintDescriptorKeyAndModuleName(descriptor);
+  printer_->Print("))\n\n");
+  printer_->Outdent();
+}
+
+// Prints statement assigning ModuleLevelDescriptorName(message_descriptor)
+// to a Python Descriptor object for message_descriptor.
+//
+// Mutually recursive with PrintNestedDescriptors().
+void Generator::PrintDescriptor(const Descriptor& message_descriptor) const {
+  PrintNestedDescriptors(message_descriptor);
+
+  printer_->Print("\n");
+  printer_->Print("$descriptor_name$ = _descriptor.Descriptor(\n",
+                  "descriptor_name",
+                  ModuleLevelDescriptorName(message_descriptor));
+  printer_->Indent();
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+  m["name"] = message_descriptor.name();
+  m["full_name"] = message_descriptor.full_name();
+  m["file"] = kDescriptorKey;
+  const char required_function_arguments[] =
+      "name='$name$',\n"
+      "full_name='$full_name$',\n"
+      "filename=None,\n"
+      "file=$file$,\n"
+      "containing_type=None,\n";
+  printer_->Print(m, required_function_arguments);
+  PrintFieldsInDescriptor(message_descriptor);
+  PrintExtensionsInDescriptor(message_descriptor);
+
+  // Nested types
+  printer_->Print("nested_types=[");
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_descriptor.nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    const std::string nested_name =
+        ModuleLevelDescriptorName(*message_descriptor.nested_type(i));
+    printer_->Print("$name$, ", "name", nested_name);
+  }
+  printer_->Print("],\n");
+
+  // Enum types
+  printer_->Print("enum_types=[\n");
+  printer_->Indent();
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_descriptor.enum_type_count(); ++i) {
+    const std::string descriptor_name =
+        ModuleLevelDescriptorName(*message_descriptor.enum_type(i));
+    printer_->Print(descriptor_name.c_str());
+    printer_->Print(",\n");
+  }
+  printer_->Outdent();
+  printer_->Print("],\n");
+  std::string options_string;
+  message_descriptor.options().SerializeToString(&options_string);
+  printer_->Print(
+      "serialized_options=$options_value$,\n"
+      "is_extendable=$extendable$,\n"
+      "syntax='$syntax$'",
+      "options_value", OptionsValue(options_string), "extendable",
+      message_descriptor.extension_range_count() > 0 ? "True" : "False",
+      "syntax", StringifySyntax(message_descriptor.file()->syntax()));
+  printer_->Print(",\n");
+
+  // Extension ranges
+  printer_->Print("extension_ranges=[");
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_descriptor.extension_range_count(); ++i) {
+    const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range =
+        message_descriptor.extension_range(i);
+    printer_->Print("($start$, $end$), ", "start", StrCat(range->start),
+                    "end", StrCat(range->end));
+  }
+  printer_->Print("],\n");
+  printer_->Print("oneofs=[\n");
+  printer_->Indent();
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_descriptor.oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* desc = message_descriptor.oneof_decl(i);
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+    m["name"] = desc->name();
+    m["full_name"] = desc->full_name();
+    m["index"] = StrCat(desc->index());
+    std::string options_string =
+        OptionsValue(desc->options().SerializeAsString());
+    if (options_string == "None") {
+      m["serialized_options"] = "";
+    } else {
+      m["serialized_options"] = ", serialized_options=" + options_string;
+    }
+    printer_->Print(m,
+                    "_descriptor.OneofDescriptor(\n"
+                    "  name='$name$', full_name='$full_name$',\n"
+                    "  index=$index$, containing_type=None, "
+                    "fields=[]$serialized_options$),\n");
+  }
+  printer_->Outdent();
+  printer_->Print("],\n");
+  // Serialization of proto
+  DescriptorProto edp;
+  PrintSerializedPbInterval(message_descriptor, edp);
+
+  printer_->Outdent();
+  printer_->Print(")\n");
+}
+
+// Prints Python Descriptor objects for all nested types contained in
+// message_descriptor.
+//
+// Mutually recursive with PrintDescriptor().
+void Generator::PrintNestedDescriptors(
+    const Descriptor& containing_descriptor) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < containing_descriptor.nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    PrintDescriptor(*containing_descriptor.nested_type(i));
+  }
+}
+
+// Prints all messages in |file|.
+void Generator::PrintMessages() const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    std::vector<std::string> to_register;
+    PrintMessage(*file_->message_type(i), "", &to_register, false);
+    for (int j = 0; j < to_register.size(); ++j) {
+      printer_->Print("_sym_db.RegisterMessage($name$)\n", "name",
+                      ResolveKeyword(to_register[j]));
+    }
+    printer_->Print("\n");
+  }
+}
+
+// Prints a Python class for the given message descriptor.  We defer to the
+// metaclass to do almost all of the work of actually creating a useful class.
+// The purpose of this function and its many helper functions above is merely
+// to output a Python version of the descriptors, which the metaclass in
+// reflection.py will use to construct the meat of the class itself.
+//
+// Mutually recursive with PrintNestedMessages().
+// Collect nested message names to_register for the symbol_database.
+void Generator::PrintMessage(const Descriptor& message_descriptor,
+                             const std::string& prefix,
+                             std::vector<std::string>* to_register,
+                             bool is_nested) const {
+  std::string qualified_name;
+  if (is_nested) {
+    if (IsPythonKeyword(message_descriptor.name())) {
+      qualified_name =
+          "getattr(" + prefix + ", '" + message_descriptor.name() + "')";
+    } else {
+      qualified_name = prefix + "." + message_descriptor.name();
+    }
+    printer_->Print(
+        "'$name$' : _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('$name$', "
+        "(_message.Message,), {\n",
+        "name", message_descriptor.name());
+  } else {
+    qualified_name = ResolveKeyword(message_descriptor.name());
+    printer_->Print(
+        "$qualified_name$ = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('$name$', "
+        "(_message.Message,), {\n",
+        "qualified_name", qualified_name, "name", message_descriptor.name());
+  }
+  printer_->Indent();
+
+  to_register->push_back(qualified_name);
+
+  PrintNestedMessages(message_descriptor, qualified_name, to_register);
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+  m["descriptor_key"] = kDescriptorKey;
+  if (pure_python_workable_) {
+    m["descriptor_name"] = ModuleLevelDescriptorName(message_descriptor);
+  } else {
+    m["descriptor_name"] = "'" + message_descriptor.full_name() + "'";
+  }
+  printer_->Print(m, "'$descriptor_key$' : $descriptor_name$,\n");
+  std::string module_name = ModuleName(file_->name());
+  printer_->Print("'__module__' : '$module_name$'\n", "module_name",
+                  module_name);
+  printer_->Print("# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:$full_name$)\n",
+                  "full_name", message_descriptor.full_name());
+  printer_->Print("})\n");
+  printer_->Outdent();
+}
+
+// Prints all nested messages within |containing_descriptor|.
+// Mutually recursive with PrintMessage().
+void Generator::PrintNestedMessages(
+    const Descriptor& containing_descriptor, const std::string& prefix,
+    std::vector<std::string>* to_register) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < containing_descriptor.nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    printer_->Print("\n");
+    PrintMessage(*containing_descriptor.nested_type(i), prefix, to_register,
+                 true);
+    printer_->Print(",\n");
+  }
+}
+
+// Recursively fixes foreign fields in all nested types in |descriptor|, then
+// sets the message_type and enum_type of all message and enum fields to point
+// to their respective descriptors.
+// Args:
+//   descriptor: descriptor to print fields for.
+//   containing_descriptor: if descriptor is a nested type, this is its
+//       containing type, or NULL if this is a root/top-level type.
+void Generator::FixForeignFieldsInDescriptor(
+    const Descriptor& descriptor,
+    const Descriptor* containing_descriptor) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    FixForeignFieldsInDescriptor(*descriptor.nested_type(i), &descriptor);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.field_count(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor& field_descriptor = *descriptor.field(i);
+    FixForeignFieldsInField(&descriptor, field_descriptor, "fields_by_name");
+  }
+
+  FixContainingTypeInDescriptor(descriptor, containing_descriptor);
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.enum_type_count(); ++i) {
+    const EnumDescriptor& enum_descriptor = *descriptor.enum_type(i);
+    FixContainingTypeInDescriptor(enum_descriptor, &descriptor);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof = descriptor.oneof_decl(i);
+    m["descriptor_name"] = ModuleLevelDescriptorName(descriptor);
+    m["oneof_name"] = oneof->name();
+    for (int j = 0; j < oneof->field_count(); ++j) {
+      m["field_name"] = oneof->field(j)->name();
+      printer_->Print(
+          m,
+          "$descriptor_name$.oneofs_by_name['$oneof_name$'].fields.append(\n"
+          "  $descriptor_name$.fields_by_name['$field_name$'])\n");
+      printer_->Print(
+          m,
+          "$descriptor_name$.fields_by_name['$field_name$'].containing_oneof = "
+          "$descriptor_name$.oneofs_by_name['$oneof_name$']\n");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::AddMessageToFileDescriptor(const Descriptor& descriptor) const {
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+  m["descriptor_name"] = kDescriptorKey;
+  m["message_name"] = descriptor.name();
+  m["message_descriptor_name"] = ModuleLevelDescriptorName(descriptor);
+  const char file_descriptor_template[] =
+      "$descriptor_name$.message_types_by_name['$message_name$'] = "
+      "$message_descriptor_name$\n";
+  printer_->Print(m, file_descriptor_template);
+}
+
+void Generator::AddServiceToFileDescriptor(
+    const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const {
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+  m["descriptor_name"] = kDescriptorKey;
+  m["service_name"] = descriptor.name();
+  m["service_descriptor_name"] = ModuleLevelServiceDescriptorName(descriptor);
+  const char file_descriptor_template[] =
+      "$descriptor_name$.services_by_name['$service_name$'] = "
+      "$service_descriptor_name$\n";
+  printer_->Print(m, file_descriptor_template);
+}
+
+void Generator::AddEnumToFileDescriptor(
+    const EnumDescriptor& descriptor) const {
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+  m["descriptor_name"] = kDescriptorKey;
+  m["enum_name"] = descriptor.name();
+  m["enum_descriptor_name"] = ModuleLevelDescriptorName(descriptor);
+  const char file_descriptor_template[] =
+      "$descriptor_name$.enum_types_by_name['$enum_name$'] = "
+      "$enum_descriptor_name$\n";
+  printer_->Print(m, file_descriptor_template);
+}
+
+void Generator::AddExtensionToFileDescriptor(
+    const FieldDescriptor& descriptor) const {
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+  m["descriptor_name"] = kDescriptorKey;
+  m["field_name"] = descriptor.name();
+  m["resolved_name"] = ResolveKeyword(descriptor.name());
+  const char file_descriptor_template[] =
+      "$descriptor_name$.extensions_by_name['$field_name$'] = "
+      "$resolved_name$\n";
+  printer_->Print(m, file_descriptor_template);
+}
+
+// Sets any necessary message_type and enum_type attributes
+// for the Python version of |field|.
+//
+// containing_type may be NULL, in which case this is a module-level field.
+//
+// python_dict_name is the name of the Python dict where we should
+// look the field up in the containing type.  (e.g., fields_by_name
+// or extensions_by_name).  We ignore python_dict_name if containing_type
+// is NULL.
+void Generator::FixForeignFieldsInField(
+    const Descriptor* containing_type, const FieldDescriptor& field,
+    const std::string& python_dict_name) const {
+  const std::string field_referencing_expression =
+      FieldReferencingExpression(containing_type, field, python_dict_name);
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+  m["field_ref"] = field_referencing_expression;
+  const Descriptor* foreign_message_type = field.message_type();
+  if (foreign_message_type) {
+    m["foreign_type"] = ModuleLevelDescriptorName(*foreign_message_type);
+    printer_->Print(m, "$field_ref$.message_type = $foreign_type$\n");
+  }
+  const EnumDescriptor* enum_type = field.enum_type();
+  if (enum_type) {
+    m["enum_type"] = ModuleLevelDescriptorName(*enum_type);
+    printer_->Print(m, "$field_ref$.enum_type = $enum_type$\n");
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns the module-level expression for the given FieldDescriptor.
+// Only works for fields in the .proto file this Generator is generating for.
+//
+// containing_type may be NULL, in which case this is a module-level field.
+//
+// python_dict_name is the name of the Python dict where we should
+// look the field up in the containing type.  (e.g., fields_by_name
+// or extensions_by_name).  We ignore python_dict_name if containing_type
+// is NULL.
+std::string Generator::FieldReferencingExpression(
+    const Descriptor* containing_type, const FieldDescriptor& field,
+    const std::string& python_dict_name) const {
+  // We should only ever be looking up fields in the current file.
+  // The only things we refer to from other files are message descriptors.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(field.file(), file_)
+      << field.file()->name() << " vs. " << file_->name();
+  if (!containing_type) {
+    return ResolveKeyword(field.name());
+  }
+  return strings::Substitute("$0.$1['$2']",
+                             ModuleLevelDescriptorName(*containing_type),
+                             python_dict_name, field.name());
+}
+
+// Prints containing_type for nested descriptors or enum descriptors.
+template <typename DescriptorT>
+void Generator::FixContainingTypeInDescriptor(
+    const DescriptorT& descriptor,
+    const Descriptor* containing_descriptor) const {
+  if (containing_descriptor != nullptr) {
+    const std::string nested_name = ModuleLevelDescriptorName(descriptor);
+    const std::string parent_name =
+        ModuleLevelDescriptorName(*containing_descriptor);
+    printer_->Print("$nested_name$.containing_type = $parent_name$\n",
+                    "nested_name", nested_name, "parent_name", parent_name);
+  }
+}
+
+// Prints statements setting the message_type and enum_type fields in the
+// Python descriptor objects we've already output in ths file.  We must
+// do this in a separate step due to circular references (otherwise, we'd
+// just set everything in the initial assignment statements).
+void Generator::FixForeignFieldsInDescriptors() const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    FixForeignFieldsInDescriptor(*file_->message_type(i), nullptr);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    AddMessageToFileDescriptor(*file_->message_type(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); ++i) {
+    AddEnumToFileDescriptor(*file_->enum_type(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); ++i) {
+    AddExtensionToFileDescriptor(*file_->extension(i));
+  }
+
+  // TODO(jieluo): Move this register to PrintFileDescriptor() when
+  // FieldDescriptor.file is added in generated file.
+  printer_->Print("_sym_db.RegisterFileDescriptor($name$)\n", "name",
+                  kDescriptorKey);
+  printer_->Print("\n");
+}
+
+// We need to not only set any necessary message_type fields, but
+// also need to call RegisterExtension() on each message we're
+// extending.
+void Generator::FixForeignFieldsInExtensions() const {
+  // Top-level extensions.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); ++i) {
+    FixForeignFieldsInExtension(*file_->extension(i));
+  }
+  // Nested extensions.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    FixForeignFieldsInNestedExtensions(*file_->message_type(i));
+  }
+  printer_->Print("\n");
+}
+
+void Generator::FixForeignFieldsInExtension(
+    const FieldDescriptor& extension_field) const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(extension_field.is_extension());
+  // extension_scope() will be NULL for top-level extensions, which is
+  // exactly what FixForeignFieldsInField() wants.
+  FixForeignFieldsInField(extension_field.extension_scope(), extension_field,
+                          "extensions_by_name");
+
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+  // Confusingly, for FieldDescriptors that happen to be extensions,
+  // containing_type() means "extended type."
+  // On the other hand, extension_scope() will give us what we normally
+  // mean by containing_type().
+  m["extended_message_class"] =
+      ModuleLevelMessageName(*extension_field.containing_type());
+  m["field"] = FieldReferencingExpression(
+      extension_field.extension_scope(), extension_field, "extensions_by_name");
+  printer_->Print(m, "$extended_message_class$.RegisterExtension($field$)\n");
+}
+
+void Generator::FixForeignFieldsInNestedExtensions(
+    const Descriptor& descriptor) const {
+  // Recursively fix up extensions in all nested types.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    FixForeignFieldsInNestedExtensions(*descriptor.nested_type(i));
+  }
+  // Fix up extensions directly contained within this type.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.extension_count(); ++i) {
+    FixForeignFieldsInExtension(*descriptor.extension(i));
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns a Python expression that instantiates a Python EnumValueDescriptor
+// object for the given C++ descriptor.
+void Generator::PrintEnumValueDescriptor(
+    const EnumValueDescriptor& descriptor) const {
+  // TODO(robinson): Fix up EnumValueDescriptor "type" fields.
+  // More circular references.  ::sigh::
+  std::string options_string;
+  descriptor.options().SerializeToString(&options_string);
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+  m["name"] = descriptor.name();
+  m["index"] = StrCat(descriptor.index());
+  m["number"] = StrCat(descriptor.number());
+  m["options"] = OptionsValue(options_string);
+  printer_->Print(m,
+                  "_descriptor.EnumValueDescriptor(\n"
+                  "  name='$name$', index=$index$, number=$number$,\n"
+                  "  serialized_options=$options$,\n"
+                  "  type=None)");
+}
+
+// Returns a CEscaped string of serialized_options.
+std::string Generator::OptionsValue(
+    const std::string& serialized_options) const {
+  if (serialized_options.length() == 0 || GeneratingDescriptorProto()) {
+    return "None";
+  } else {
+    return "b'" + CEscape(serialized_options) + "'";
+  }
+}
+
+// Prints an expression for a Python FieldDescriptor for |field|.
+void Generator::PrintFieldDescriptor(const FieldDescriptor& field,
+                                     bool is_extension) const {
+  std::string options_string;
+  field.options().SerializeToString(&options_string);
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+  m["name"] = field.name();
+  m["full_name"] = field.full_name();
+  m["index"] = StrCat(field.index());
+  m["number"] = StrCat(field.number());
+  m["type"] = StrCat(field.type());
+  m["cpp_type"] = StrCat(field.cpp_type());
+  m["label"] = StrCat(field.label());
+  m["has_default_value"] = field.has_default_value() ? "True" : "False";
+  m["default_value"] = StringifyDefaultValue(field);
+  m["is_extension"] = is_extension ? "True" : "False";
+  m["serialized_options"] = OptionsValue(options_string);
+  m["json_name"] =
+      field.has_json_name() ? ", json_name='" + field.json_name() + "'" : "";
+  // We always set message_type and enum_type to None at this point, and then
+  // these fields in correctly after all referenced descriptors have been
+  // defined and/or imported (see FixForeignFieldsInDescriptors()).
+  const char field_descriptor_decl[] =
+      "_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(\n"
+      "  name='$name$', full_name='$full_name$', index=$index$,\n"
+      "  number=$number$, type=$type$, cpp_type=$cpp_type$, label=$label$,\n"
+      "  has_default_value=$has_default_value$, "
+      "default_value=$default_value$,\n"
+      "  message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,\n"
+      "  is_extension=$is_extension$, extension_scope=None,\n"
+      "  serialized_options=$serialized_options$$json_name$, file=DESCRIPTOR)";
+  printer_->Print(m, field_descriptor_decl);
+}
+
+// Helper for Print{Fields,Extensions}InDescriptor().
+void Generator::PrintFieldDescriptorsInDescriptor(
+    const Descriptor& message_descriptor, bool is_extension,
+    const std::string& list_variable_name, int (Descriptor::*CountFn)() const,
+    const FieldDescriptor* (Descriptor::*GetterFn)(int)const) const {
+  printer_->Print("$list$=[\n", "list", list_variable_name);
+  printer_->Indent();
+  for (int i = 0; i < (message_descriptor.*CountFn)(); ++i) {
+    PrintFieldDescriptor(*(message_descriptor.*GetterFn)(i), is_extension);
+    printer_->Print(",\n");
+  }
+  printer_->Outdent();
+  printer_->Print("],\n");
+}
+
+// Prints a statement assigning "fields" to a list of Python FieldDescriptors,
+// one for each field present in message_descriptor.
+void Generator::PrintFieldsInDescriptor(
+    const Descriptor& message_descriptor) const {
+  const bool is_extension = false;
+  PrintFieldDescriptorsInDescriptor(message_descriptor, is_extension, "fields",
+                                    &Descriptor::field_count,
+                                    &Descriptor::field);
+}
+
+// Prints a statement assigning "extensions" to a list of Python
+// FieldDescriptors, one for each extension present in message_descriptor.
+void Generator::PrintExtensionsInDescriptor(
+    const Descriptor& message_descriptor) const {
+  const bool is_extension = true;
+  PrintFieldDescriptorsInDescriptor(message_descriptor, is_extension,
+                                    "extensions", &Descriptor::extension_count,
+                                    &Descriptor::extension);
+}
+
+bool Generator::GeneratingDescriptorProto() const {
+  return file_->name() == "net/proto2/proto/descriptor.proto" ||
+         file_->name() == "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+}
+
+// Returns the unique Python module-level identifier given to a descriptor.
+// This name is module-qualified iff the given descriptor describes an
+// entity that doesn't come from the current file.
+template <typename DescriptorT>
+std::string Generator::ModuleLevelDescriptorName(
+    const DescriptorT& descriptor) const {
+  // FIXME(robinson):
+  // We currently don't worry about collisions with underscores in the type
+  // names, so these would collide in nasty ways if found in the same file:
+  //   OuterProto.ProtoA.ProtoB
+  //   OuterProto_ProtoA.ProtoB  # Underscore instead of period.
+  // As would these:
+  //   OuterProto.ProtoA_.ProtoB
+  //   OuterProto.ProtoA._ProtoB  # Leading vs. trailing underscore.
+  // (Contrived, but certainly possible).
+  //
+  // The C++ implementation doesn't guard against this either.  Leaving
+  // it for now...
+  std::string name = NamePrefixedWithNestedTypes(descriptor, "_");
+  UpperString(&name);
+  // Module-private for now.  Easy to make public later; almost impossible
+  // to make private later.
+  name = "_" + name;
+  // We now have the name relative to its own module.  Also qualify with
+  // the module name iff this descriptor is from a different .proto file.
+  if (descriptor.file() != file_) {
+    name = ModuleAlias(descriptor.file()->name()) + "." + name;
+  }
+  return name;
+}
+
+// Returns the name of the message class itself, not the descriptor.
+// Like ModuleLevelDescriptorName(), module-qualifies the name iff
+// the given descriptor describes an entity that doesn't come from
+// the current file.
+std::string Generator::ModuleLevelMessageName(
+    const Descriptor& descriptor) const {
+  std::string name = NamePrefixedWithNestedTypes(descriptor, ".");
+  if (descriptor.file() != file_) {
+    name = ModuleAlias(descriptor.file()->name()) + "." + name;
+  }
+  return name;
+}
+
+// Returns the unique Python module-level identifier given to a service
+// descriptor.
+std::string Generator::ModuleLevelServiceDescriptorName(
+    const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const {
+  std::string name = descriptor.name();
+  UpperString(&name);
+  name = "_" + name;
+  if (descriptor.file() != file_) {
+    name = ModuleAlias(descriptor.file()->name()) + "." + name;
+  }
+  return name;
+}
+
+// Prints standard constructor arguments serialized_start and serialized_end.
+// Args:
+//   descriptor: The cpp descriptor to have a serialized reference.
+//   proto: A proto
+// Example printer output:
+// serialized_start=41,
+// serialized_end=43,
+//
+template <typename DescriptorT, typename DescriptorProtoT>
+void Generator::PrintSerializedPbInterval(const DescriptorT& descriptor,
+                                          DescriptorProtoT& proto) const {
+  descriptor.CopyTo(&proto);
+  std::string sp;
+  proto.SerializeToString(&sp);
+  int offset = file_descriptor_serialized_.find(sp);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(offset, 0);
+
+  printer_->Print(
+      "serialized_start=$serialized_start$,\n"
+      "serialized_end=$serialized_end$,\n",
+      "serialized_start", StrCat(offset), "serialized_end",
+      StrCat(offset + sp.size()));
+}
+
+namespace {
+void PrintDescriptorOptionsFixingCode(const std::string& descriptor,
+                                      const std::string& options,
+                                      io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Reset the _options to None thus DescriptorBase.GetOptions() can
+  // parse _options again after extensions are registered.
+  printer->Print("$descriptor$._options = None\n", "descriptor", descriptor);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+// Prints expressions that set the options field of all descriptors.
+void Generator::FixAllDescriptorOptions() const {
+  // Prints an expression that sets the file descriptor's options.
+  std::string file_options = OptionsValue(file_->options().SerializeAsString());
+  if (file_options != "None") {
+    PrintDescriptorOptionsFixingCode(kDescriptorKey, file_options, printer_);
+  }
+  // Prints expressions that set the options for all top level enums.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); ++i) {
+    const EnumDescriptor& enum_descriptor = *file_->enum_type(i);
+    FixOptionsForEnum(enum_descriptor);
+  }
+  // Prints expressions that set the options for all top level extensions.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor& field = *file_->extension(i);
+    FixOptionsForField(field);
+  }
+  // Prints expressions that set the options for all messages, nested enums,
+  // nested extensions and message fields.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    FixOptionsForMessage(*file_->message_type(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void Generator::FixOptionsForOneof(const OneofDescriptor& oneof) const {
+  std::string oneof_options = OptionsValue(oneof.options().SerializeAsString());
+  if (oneof_options != "None") {
+    std::string oneof_name = strings::Substitute(
+        "$0.$1['$2']", ModuleLevelDescriptorName(*oneof.containing_type()),
+        "oneofs_by_name", oneof.name());
+    PrintDescriptorOptionsFixingCode(oneof_name, oneof_options, printer_);
+  }
+}
+
+// Prints expressions that set the options for an enum descriptor and its
+// value descriptors.
+void Generator::FixOptionsForEnum(const EnumDescriptor& enum_descriptor) const {
+  std::string descriptor_name = ModuleLevelDescriptorName(enum_descriptor);
+  std::string enum_options =
+      OptionsValue(enum_descriptor.options().SerializeAsString());
+  if (enum_options != "None") {
+    PrintDescriptorOptionsFixingCode(descriptor_name, enum_options, printer_);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < enum_descriptor.value_count(); ++i) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor& value_descriptor = *enum_descriptor.value(i);
+    std::string value_options =
+        OptionsValue(value_descriptor.options().SerializeAsString());
+    if (value_options != "None") {
+      PrintDescriptorOptionsFixingCode(
+          StringPrintf("%s.values_by_name[\"%s\"]", descriptor_name.c_str(),
+                       value_descriptor.name().c_str()),
+          value_options, printer_);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Prints expressions that set the options for field descriptors (including
+// extensions).
+void Generator::FixOptionsForField(const FieldDescriptor& field) const {
+  std::string field_options = OptionsValue(field.options().SerializeAsString());
+  if (field_options != "None") {
+    std::string field_name;
+    if (field.is_extension()) {
+      if (field.extension_scope() == nullptr) {
+        // Top level extensions.
+        field_name = field.name();
+      } else {
+        field_name = FieldReferencingExpression(field.extension_scope(), field,
+                                                "extensions_by_name");
+      }
+    } else {
+      field_name = FieldReferencingExpression(field.containing_type(), field,
+                                              "fields_by_name");
+    }
+    PrintDescriptorOptionsFixingCode(field_name, field_options, printer_);
+  }
+}
+
+// Prints expressions that set the options for a message and all its inner
+// types (nested messages, nested enums, extensions, fields).
+void Generator::FixOptionsForMessage(const Descriptor& descriptor) const {
+  // Nested messages.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    FixOptionsForMessage(*descriptor.nested_type(i));
+  }
+  // Oneofs.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+    FixOptionsForOneof(*descriptor.oneof_decl(i));
+  }
+  // Enums.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.enum_type_count(); ++i) {
+    FixOptionsForEnum(*descriptor.enum_type(i));
+  }
+  // Fields.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.field_count(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor& field = *descriptor.field(i);
+    FixOptionsForField(field);
+  }
+  // Extensions.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.extension_count(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor& field = *descriptor.extension(i);
+    FixOptionsForField(field);
+  }
+  // Message option for this message.
+  std::string message_options =
+      OptionsValue(descriptor.options().SerializeAsString());
+  if (message_options != "None") {
+    std::string descriptor_name = ModuleLevelDescriptorName(descriptor);
+    PrintDescriptorOptionsFixingCode(descriptor_name, message_options,
+                                     printer_);
+  }
+}
+
+// If a dependency forwards other files through public dependencies, let's
+// copy over the corresponding module aliases.
+void Generator::CopyPublicDependenciesAliases(
+    const std::string& copy_from, const FileDescriptor* file) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->public_dependency_count(); ++i) {
+    std::string module_name = ModuleName(file->public_dependency(i)->name());
+    std::string module_alias = ModuleAlias(file->public_dependency(i)->name());
+    // There's no module alias in the dependent file if it was generated by
+    // an old protoc (less than 3.0.0-alpha-1). Use module name in this
+    // situation.
+    printer_->Print(
+        "try:\n"
+        "  $alias$ = $copy_from$.$alias$\n"
+        "except AttributeError:\n"
+        "  $alias$ = $copy_from$.$module$\n",
+        "alias", module_alias, "module", module_name, "copy_from", copy_from);
+    CopyPublicDependenciesAliases(copy_from, file->public_dependency(i));
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f299e850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)
+//
+// Generates Python code for a given .proto file.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PYTHON_GENERATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PYTHON_GENERATOR_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Descriptor;
+class EnumDescriptor;
+class EnumValueDescriptor;
+class FieldDescriptor;
+class OneofDescriptor;
+class ServiceDescriptor;
+
+namespace io {
+class Printer;
+}
+
+namespace compiler {
+namespace python {
+
+// CodeGenerator implementation for generated Python protocol buffer classes.
+// If you create your own protocol compiler binary and you want it to support
+// Python output, you can do so by registering an instance of this
+// CodeGenerator with the CommandLineInterface in your main() function.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT Generator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  Generator();
+  virtual ~Generator();
+
+  // CodeGenerator methods.
+  virtual bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                        const std::string& parameter,
+                        GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+                        std::string* error) const;
+
+ private:
+  void PrintImports() const;
+  void PrintFileDescriptor() const;
+  void PrintTopLevelEnums() const;
+  void PrintAllNestedEnumsInFile() const;
+  void PrintNestedEnums(const Descriptor& descriptor) const;
+  void PrintEnum(const EnumDescriptor& enum_descriptor) const;
+
+  void PrintTopLevelExtensions() const;
+
+  void PrintFieldDescriptor(const FieldDescriptor& field,
+                            bool is_extension) const;
+  void PrintFieldDescriptorsInDescriptor(
+      const Descriptor& message_descriptor, bool is_extension,
+      const std::string& list_variable_name, int (Descriptor::*CountFn)() const,
+      const FieldDescriptor* (Descriptor::*GetterFn)(int)const) const;
+  void PrintFieldsInDescriptor(const Descriptor& message_descriptor) const;
+  void PrintExtensionsInDescriptor(const Descriptor& message_descriptor) const;
+  void PrintMessageDescriptors() const;
+  void PrintDescriptor(const Descriptor& message_descriptor) const;
+  void PrintNestedDescriptors(const Descriptor& containing_descriptor) const;
+
+  void PrintMessages() const;
+  void PrintMessage(const Descriptor& message_descriptor,
+                    const std::string& prefix,
+                    std::vector<std::string>* to_register,
+                    bool is_nested) const;
+  void PrintNestedMessages(const Descriptor& containing_descriptor,
+                           const std::string& prefix,
+                           std::vector<std::string>* to_register) const;
+
+  void FixForeignFieldsInDescriptors() const;
+  void FixForeignFieldsInDescriptor(
+      const Descriptor& descriptor,
+      const Descriptor* containing_descriptor) const;
+  void FixForeignFieldsInField(const Descriptor* containing_type,
+                               const FieldDescriptor& field,
+                               const std::string& python_dict_name) const;
+  void AddMessageToFileDescriptor(const Descriptor& descriptor) const;
+  void AddEnumToFileDescriptor(const EnumDescriptor& descriptor) const;
+  void AddExtensionToFileDescriptor(const FieldDescriptor& descriptor) const;
+  void AddServiceToFileDescriptor(const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const;
+  std::string FieldReferencingExpression(
+      const Descriptor* containing_type, const FieldDescriptor& field,
+      const std::string& python_dict_name) const;
+  template <typename DescriptorT>
+  void FixContainingTypeInDescriptor(
+      const DescriptorT& descriptor,
+      const Descriptor* containing_descriptor) const;
+
+  void FixForeignFieldsInExtensions() const;
+  void FixForeignFieldsInExtension(
+      const FieldDescriptor& extension_field) const;
+  void FixForeignFieldsInNestedExtensions(const Descriptor& descriptor) const;
+
+  void PrintServices() const;
+  void PrintServiceDescriptors() const;
+  void PrintServiceDescriptor(const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const;
+  void PrintServiceClass(const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const;
+  void PrintServiceStub(const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const;
+  void PrintDescriptorKeyAndModuleName(
+      const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const;
+
+  void PrintEnumValueDescriptor(const EnumValueDescriptor& descriptor) const;
+  std::string OptionsValue(const std::string& serialized_options) const;
+  bool GeneratingDescriptorProto() const;
+
+  template <typename DescriptorT>
+  std::string ModuleLevelDescriptorName(const DescriptorT& descriptor) const;
+  std::string ModuleLevelMessageName(const Descriptor& descriptor) const;
+  std::string ModuleLevelServiceDescriptorName(
+      const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const;
+
+  template <typename DescriptorT, typename DescriptorProtoT>
+  void PrintSerializedPbInterval(const DescriptorT& descriptor,
+                                 DescriptorProtoT& proto) const;
+
+  void FixAllDescriptorOptions() const;
+  void FixOptionsForField(const FieldDescriptor& field) const;
+  void FixOptionsForOneof(const OneofDescriptor& oneof) const;
+  void FixOptionsForEnum(const EnumDescriptor& descriptor) const;
+  void FixOptionsForMessage(const Descriptor& descriptor) const;
+
+  void CopyPublicDependenciesAliases(const std::string& copy_from,
+                                     const FileDescriptor* file) const;
+
+  // Very coarse-grained lock to ensure that Generate() is reentrant.
+  // Guards file_, printer_ and file_descriptor_serialized_.
+  mutable Mutex mutex_;
+  mutable const FileDescriptor* file_;  // Set in Generate().  Under mutex_.
+  mutable std::string file_descriptor_serialized_;
+  mutable io::Printer* printer_;  // Set in Generate().  Under mutex_.
+  mutable bool pure_python_workable_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Generator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PYTHON_GENERATOR_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_plugin_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_plugin_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d7ef98b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_plugin_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// TODO(kenton):  Share code with the versions of this test in other languages?
+//   It seemed like parameterizing it would add more complexity than it is
+//   worth.
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace python {
+namespace {
+
+class TestGenerator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  TestGenerator() {}
+  ~TestGenerator() {}
+
+  virtual bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                        const std::string& parameter, GeneratorContext* context,
+                        std::string* error) const {
+    TryInsert("test_pb2.py", "imports", context);
+    TryInsert("test_pb2.py", "module_scope", context);
+    TryInsert("test_pb2.py", "class_scope:foo.Bar", context);
+    TryInsert("test_pb2.py", "class_scope:foo.Bar.Baz", context);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void TryInsert(const std::string& filename,
+                 const std::string& insertion_point,
+                 GeneratorContext* context) const {
+    std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+        context->OpenForInsert(filename, insertion_point));
+    io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+    printer.Print("// inserted $name$\n", "name", insertion_point);
+  }
+};
+
+// This test verifies that all the expected insertion points exist.  It does
+// not verify that they are correctly-placed; that would require actually
+// compiling the output which is a bit more than I care to do for this test.
+TEST(PythonPluginTest, PluginTest) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::SetContents(TestTempDir() + "/test.proto",
+                             "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                             "package foo;\n"
+                             "message Bar {\n"
+                             "  message Baz {}\n"
+                             "}\n",
+                             true));
+
+  compiler::CommandLineInterface cli;
+  cli.SetInputsAreProtoPathRelative(true);
+
+  python::Generator python_generator;
+  TestGenerator test_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--python_out", &python_generator, "");
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--test_out", &test_generator, "");
+
+  std::string proto_path = "-I" + TestTempDir();
+  std::string python_out = "--python_out=" + TestTempDir();
+  std::string test_out = "--test_out=" + TestTempDir();
+
+  const char* argv[] = {"protoc", proto_path.c_str(), python_out.c_str(),
+                        test_out.c_str(), "test.proto"};
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, cli.Run(5, argv));
+}
+
+// This test verifies that the generated Python output uses regular imports (as
+// opposed to importlib) in the usual case where the .proto file paths do not
+// not contain any Python keywords.
+TEST(PythonPluginTest, ImportTest) {
+  // Create files test1.proto and test2.proto with the former importing the
+  // latter.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::SetContents(TestTempDir() + "/test1.proto",
+                             "syntax = \"proto3\";\n"
+                             "package foo;\n"
+                             "import \"test2.proto\";"
+                             "message Message1 {\n"
+                             "  Message2 message_2 = 1;\n"
+                             "}\n",
+                             true));
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::SetContents(TestTempDir() + "/test2.proto",
+                             "syntax = \"proto3\";\n"
+                             "package foo;\n"
+                             "message Message2 {}\n",
+                             true));
+
+  compiler::CommandLineInterface cli;
+  cli.SetInputsAreProtoPathRelative(true);
+  python::Generator python_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--python_out", &python_generator, "");
+  std::string proto_path = "-I" + TestTempDir();
+  std::string python_out = "--python_out=" + TestTempDir();
+  const char* argv[] = {"protoc", proto_path.c_str(), "-I.", python_out.c_str(),
+                        "test1.proto"};
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, cli.Run(5, argv));
+
+  // Loop over the lines of the generated code and verify that we find an
+  // ordinary Python import but do not find the string "importlib".
+  std::string output;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(TestTempDir() + "/test1_pb2.py", &output,
+                             true));
+  std::vector<std::string> lines = Split(output, "\n");
+  std::string expected_import = "import test2_pb2";
+  bool found_expected_import = false;
+  for (int i = 0; i < lines.size(); ++i) {
+    if (lines[i].find(expected_import) != std::string::npos) {
+      found_expected_import = true;
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::string::npos, lines[i].find("importlib"));
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(found_expected_import);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42d82a6ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package A.B.C;
+
+message TestMessage {
+  int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  bool optional_bool = 5;
+  double optional_double = 6;
+  float optional_float = 7;
+  string optional_string = 8;
+  bytes optional_bytes = 9;
+  TestEnum optional_enum = 10;
+  TestMessage optional_msg = 11;
+
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 21;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 22;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 23;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 24;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 25;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 26;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 27;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 28;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 29;
+  repeated TestEnum repeated_enum = 30;
+  repeated TestMessage repeated_msg = 31;
+
+  oneof my_oneof {
+    int32 oneof_int32 = 41;
+    int64 oneof_int64 = 42;
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 43;
+    uint64 oneof_uint64 = 44;
+    bool oneof_bool = 45;
+    double oneof_double = 46;
+    float oneof_float = 47;
+    string oneof_string = 48;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 49;
+    TestEnum oneof_enum = 50;
+    TestMessage oneof_msg = 51;
+  }
+
+  map<int32, string> map_int32_string = 61;
+  map<int64, string> map_int64_string = 62;
+  map<uint32, string> map_uint32_string = 63;
+  map<uint64, string> map_uint64_string = 64;
+  map<bool, string> map_bool_string = 65;
+  map<string, string> map_string_string = 66;
+  map<string, TestMessage> map_string_msg = 67;
+  map<string, TestEnum> map_string_enum = 68;
+  map<string, int32> map_string_int32 = 69;
+  map<string, bool> map_string_bool = 70;
+
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 foo = 1;
+  }
+
+  NestedMessage nested_message = 80;
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  Default = 0;
+  A = 1;
+  B = 2;
+  C = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code_pb.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code_pb.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e66d1ecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code_pb.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: ruby_generated_code.proto
+
+require 'google/protobuf'
+
+Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.build do
+  add_file("ruby_generated_code.proto", :syntax => :proto3) do
+    add_message "A.B.C.TestMessage" do
+      optional :optional_int32, :int32, 1
+      optional :optional_int64, :int64, 2
+      optional :optional_uint32, :uint32, 3
+      optional :optional_uint64, :uint64, 4
+      optional :optional_bool, :bool, 5
+      optional :optional_double, :double, 6
+      optional :optional_float, :float, 7
+      optional :optional_string, :string, 8
+      optional :optional_bytes, :bytes, 9
+      optional :optional_enum, :enum, 10, "A.B.C.TestEnum"
+      optional :optional_msg, :message, 11, "A.B.C.TestMessage"
+      repeated :repeated_int32, :int32, 21
+      repeated :repeated_int64, :int64, 22
+      repeated :repeated_uint32, :uint32, 23
+      repeated :repeated_uint64, :uint64, 24
+      repeated :repeated_bool, :bool, 25
+      repeated :repeated_double, :double, 26
+      repeated :repeated_float, :float, 27
+      repeated :repeated_string, :string, 28
+      repeated :repeated_bytes, :bytes, 29
+      repeated :repeated_enum, :enum, 30, "A.B.C.TestEnum"
+      repeated :repeated_msg, :message, 31, "A.B.C.TestMessage"
+      map :map_int32_string, :int32, :string, 61
+      map :map_int64_string, :int64, :string, 62
+      map :map_uint32_string, :uint32, :string, 63
+      map :map_uint64_string, :uint64, :string, 64
+      map :map_bool_string, :bool, :string, 65
+      map :map_string_string, :string, :string, 66
+      map :map_string_msg, :string, :message, 67, "A.B.C.TestMessage"
+      map :map_string_enum, :string, :enum, 68, "A.B.C.TestEnum"
+      map :map_string_int32, :string, :int32, 69
+      map :map_string_bool, :string, :bool, 70
+      optional :nested_message, :message, 80, "A.B.C.TestMessage.NestedMessage"
+      oneof :my_oneof do
+        optional :oneof_int32, :int32, 41
+        optional :oneof_int64, :int64, 42
+        optional :oneof_uint32, :uint32, 43
+        optional :oneof_uint64, :uint64, 44
+        optional :oneof_bool, :bool, 45
+        optional :oneof_double, :double, 46
+        optional :oneof_float, :float, 47
+        optional :oneof_string, :string, 48
+        optional :oneof_bytes, :bytes, 49
+        optional :oneof_enum, :enum, 50, "A.B.C.TestEnum"
+        optional :oneof_msg, :message, 51, "A.B.C.TestMessage"
+      end
+    end
+    add_message "A.B.C.TestMessage.NestedMessage" do
+      optional :foo, :int32, 1
+    end
+    add_enum "A.B.C.TestEnum" do
+      value :Default, 0
+      value :A, 1
+      value :B, 2
+      value :C, 3
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module A
+  module B
+    module C
+      TestMessage = ::Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.lookup("A.B.C.TestMessage").msgclass
+      TestMessage::NestedMessage = ::Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.lookup("A.B.C.TestMessage.NestedMessage").msgclass
+      TestEnum = ::Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.lookup("A.B.C.TestEnum").enummodule
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code_proto2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code_proto2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d3cc13e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code_proto2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package A.B.C;
+
+message TestMessage {
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 1 [default = 1];
+  optional int64 optional_int64 = 2 [default = 2];
+  optional uint32 optional_uint32 = 3 [default = 3];
+  optional uint64 optional_uint64 = 4 [default = 4];
+  optional bool optional_bool = 5 [default = true];
+  optional double optional_double = 6 [default = 6.0];
+  optional float optional_float = 7 [default = 7.0];
+  optional string optional_string = 8 [default = "default str"];
+  optional bytes optional_bytes = 9 [default = "\0\1\2\100fubar"];
+  optional TestEnum optional_enum = 10 [default = A];
+  optional TestMessage optional_msg = 11;
+
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 21;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 22;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 23;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 24;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 25;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 26;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 27;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 28;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 29;
+  repeated TestEnum repeated_enum = 30;
+  repeated TestMessage repeated_msg = 31;
+
+  required int32 required_int32 = 41;
+  required int64 required_int64 = 42;
+  required uint32 required_uint32 = 43;
+  required uint64 required_uint64 = 44;
+  required bool required_bool = 45;
+  required double required_double = 46;
+  required float required_float = 47;
+  required string required_string = 48;
+  required bytes required_bytes = 49;
+  required TestEnum required_enum = 50;
+  required TestMessage required_msg = 51;
+
+  oneof my_oneof {
+    int32 oneof_int32 = 61;
+    int64 oneof_int64 = 62;
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 63;
+    uint64 oneof_uint64 = 64;
+    bool oneof_bool = 65;
+    double oneof_double = 66;
+    float oneof_float = 67;
+    string oneof_string = 68;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 69;
+    TestEnum oneof_enum = 70;
+    TestMessage oneof_msg = 71;
+  }
+
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int32 foo = 1;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage nested_message = 80;
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  Default = 0;
+  A = 1;
+  B = 2;
+  C = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code_proto2_pb.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code_proto2_pb.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c89738fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code_proto2_pb.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: ruby_generated_code_proto2.proto
+
+require 'google/protobuf'
+
+Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.build do
+  add_file("ruby_generated_code_proto2.proto", :syntax => :proto2) do
+    add_message "A.B.C.TestMessage" do
+      optional :optional_int32, :int32, 1, default: 1
+      optional :optional_int64, :int64, 2, default: 2
+      optional :optional_uint32, :uint32, 3, default: 3
+      optional :optional_uint64, :uint64, 4, default: 4
+      optional :optional_bool, :bool, 5, default: true
+      optional :optional_double, :double, 6, default: 6
+      optional :optional_float, :float, 7, default: 7
+      optional :optional_string, :string, 8, default: "default str"
+      optional :optional_bytes, :bytes, 9, default: "\x00\x01\x02\x40\x66\x75\x62\x61\x72".force_encoding("ASCII-8BIT")
+      optional :optional_enum, :enum, 10, "A.B.C.TestEnum", default: 1
+      optional :optional_msg, :message, 11, "A.B.C.TestMessage"
+      repeated :repeated_int32, :int32, 21
+      repeated :repeated_int64, :int64, 22
+      repeated :repeated_uint32, :uint32, 23
+      repeated :repeated_uint64, :uint64, 24
+      repeated :repeated_bool, :bool, 25
+      repeated :repeated_double, :double, 26
+      repeated :repeated_float, :float, 27
+      repeated :repeated_string, :string, 28
+      repeated :repeated_bytes, :bytes, 29
+      repeated :repeated_enum, :enum, 30, "A.B.C.TestEnum"
+      repeated :repeated_msg, :message, 31, "A.B.C.TestMessage"
+      required :required_int32, :int32, 41
+      required :required_int64, :int64, 42
+      required :required_uint32, :uint32, 43
+      required :required_uint64, :uint64, 44
+      required :required_bool, :bool, 45
+      required :required_double, :double, 46
+      required :required_float, :float, 47
+      required :required_string, :string, 48
+      required :required_bytes, :bytes, 49
+      required :required_enum, :enum, 50, "A.B.C.TestEnum"
+      required :required_msg, :message, 51, "A.B.C.TestMessage"
+      optional :nested_message, :message, 80, "A.B.C.TestMessage.NestedMessage"
+      oneof :my_oneof do
+        optional :oneof_int32, :int32, 61
+        optional :oneof_int64, :int64, 62
+        optional :oneof_uint32, :uint32, 63
+        optional :oneof_uint64, :uint64, 64
+        optional :oneof_bool, :bool, 65
+        optional :oneof_double, :double, 66
+        optional :oneof_float, :float, 67
+        optional :oneof_string, :string, 68
+        optional :oneof_bytes, :bytes, 69
+        optional :oneof_enum, :enum, 70, "A.B.C.TestEnum"
+        optional :oneof_msg, :message, 71, "A.B.C.TestMessage"
+      end
+    end
+    add_message "A.B.C.TestMessage.NestedMessage" do
+      optional :foo, :int32, 1
+    end
+    add_enum "A.B.C.TestEnum" do
+      value :Default, 0
+      value :A, 1
+      value :B, 2
+      value :C, 3
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module A
+  module B
+    module C
+      TestMessage = ::Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.lookup("A.B.C.TestMessage").msgclass
+      TestMessage::NestedMessage = ::Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.lookup("A.B.C.TestMessage.NestedMessage").msgclass
+      TestEnum = ::Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.lookup("A.B.C.TestEnum").enummodule
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d7c948a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package one.two.a_three;
+
+option ruby_package = "A::B::C";
+
+message Four {
+  string a_string = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_legacy.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_legacy.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a0d26086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_legacy.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package one.two.a_three.and;
+
+option ruby_package = "AA.BB.CC";
+
+message Four {
+  string another_string = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_legacy_pb.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_legacy_pb.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cdbbe891b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_legacy_pb.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_legacy.proto
+
+require 'google/protobuf'
+
+Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.build do
+  add_file("ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_legacy.proto", :syntax => :proto3) do
+    add_message "one.two.a_three.and.Four" do
+      optional :another_string, :string, 1
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module AA
+  module BB
+    module CC
+      Four = ::Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.lookup("one.two.a_three.and.Four").msgclass
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_pb.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_pb.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6d47011e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_pb.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: ruby_generated_pkg_explicit.proto
+
+require 'google/protobuf'
+
+Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.build do
+  add_file("ruby_generated_pkg_explicit.proto", :syntax => :proto3) do
+    add_message "one.two.a_three.Four" do
+      optional :a_string, :string, 1
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module A
+  module B
+    module C
+      Four = ::Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.lookup("one.two.a_three.Four").msgclass
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_implicit.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_implicit.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..544db64d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_implicit.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package one.two.a_three;
+
+message Four {
+  string a_string = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_implicit_pb.rb b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_implicit_pb.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ac0ef7ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_pkg_implicit_pb.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: ruby_generated_pkg_implicit.proto
+
+require 'google/protobuf'
+
+Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.build do
+  add_file("ruby_generated_pkg_implicit.proto", :syntax => :proto3) do
+    add_message "one.two.a_three.Four" do
+      optional :a_string, :string, 1
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module One
+  module Two
+    module AThree
+      Four = ::Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.lookup("one.two.a_three.Four").msgclass
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..092cbc37a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,599 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace ruby {
+
+// Forward decls.
+template <class numeric_type>
+std::string NumberToString(numeric_type value);
+std::string GetRequireName(const std::string& proto_file);
+std::string LabelForField(FieldDescriptor* field);
+std::string TypeName(FieldDescriptor* field);
+bool GenerateMessage(const Descriptor* message, io::Printer* printer,
+                     std::string* error);
+void GenerateEnum(const EnumDescriptor* en, io::Printer* printer);
+void GenerateMessageAssignment(const std::string& prefix,
+                               const Descriptor* message, io::Printer* printer);
+void GenerateEnumAssignment(const std::string& prefix, const EnumDescriptor* en,
+                            io::Printer* printer);
+std::string DefaultValueForField(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+template<class numeric_type>
+std::string NumberToString(numeric_type value) {
+  std::ostringstream os;
+  os << value;
+  return os.str();
+}
+
+std::string GetRequireName(const std::string& proto_file) {
+  int lastindex = proto_file.find_last_of(".");
+  return proto_file.substr(0, lastindex) + "_pb";
+}
+
+std::string GetOutputFilename(const std::string& proto_file) {
+  return GetRequireName(proto_file) + ".rb";
+}
+
+std::string LabelForField(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  switch (field->label()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL: return "optional";
+    case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REQUIRED: return "required";
+    case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED: return "repeated";
+    default: assert(false); return "";
+  }
+}
+
+std::string TypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32: return "int32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64: return "int64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32: return "uint32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64: return "uint64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32: return "sint32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64: return "sint64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32: return "fixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64: return "fixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32: return "sfixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64: return "sfixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE: return "double";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT: return "float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL: return "bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM: return "enum";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING: return "string";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES: return "bytes";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE: return "message";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP: return "group";
+    default: assert(false); return "";
+  }
+}
+
+string StringifySyntax(FileDescriptor::Syntax syntax) {
+  switch (syntax) {
+    case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2:
+      return "proto2";
+    case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3:
+      return "proto3";
+    case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_UNKNOWN:
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unsupported syntax; this generator only supports "
+                           "proto2 and proto3 syntax.";
+      return "";
+  }
+}
+
+std::string DefaultValueForField(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  switch(field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return NumberToString(field->default_value_int32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return NumberToString(field->default_value_int64());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return NumberToString(field->default_value_uint32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return NumberToString(field->default_value_uint64());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return NumberToString(field->default_value_float());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return NumberToString(field->default_value_double());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return field->default_value_bool() ? "true" : "false";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return NumberToString(field->default_value_enum()->number());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+      std::ostringstream os;
+      string default_str = field->default_value_string();
+
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING) {
+        os << "\"" << default_str << "\"";
+      } else if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+        os << "\"";
+
+        os.fill('0');
+        for (int i = 0; i < default_str.length(); ++i) {
+          // Write the hex form of each byte.
+          os << "\\x" << std::hex << std::setw(2)
+             << ((uint16)((unsigned char)default_str.at(i)));
+        }
+        os << "\".force_encoding(\"ASCII-8BIT\")";
+      }
+
+      return os.str();
+    }
+    default: assert(false); return "";
+  }
+}
+
+void GenerateField(const FieldDescriptor* field, io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* key_field =
+        field->message_type()->FindFieldByNumber(1);
+    const FieldDescriptor* value_field =
+        field->message_type()->FindFieldByNumber(2);
+
+    printer->Print(
+      "map :$name$, :$key_type$, :$value_type$, $number$",
+      "name", field->name(),
+      "key_type", TypeName(key_field),
+      "value_type", TypeName(value_field),
+      "number", NumberToString(field->number()));
+
+    if (value_field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      printer->Print(
+        ", \"$subtype$\"\n",
+        "subtype", value_field->message_type()->full_name());
+    } else if (value_field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
+      printer->Print(
+        ", \"$subtype$\"\n",
+        "subtype", value_field->enum_type()->full_name());
+    } else {
+      printer->Print("\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+
+    printer->Print(
+      "$label$ :$name$, ",
+      "label", LabelForField(field),
+      "name", field->name());
+    printer->Print(
+      ":$type$, $number$",
+      "type", TypeName(field),
+      "number", NumberToString(field->number()));
+
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      printer->Print(
+        ", \"$subtype$\"",
+       "subtype", field->message_type()->full_name());
+    } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
+      printer->Print(
+        ", \"$subtype$\"",
+        "subtype", field->enum_type()->full_name());
+    }
+
+    if (field->has_default_value()) {
+      printer->Print(", default: $default$", "default",
+                     DefaultValueForField(field));
+    }
+
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void GenerateOneof(const OneofDescriptor* oneof, io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "oneof :$name$ do\n",
+      "name", oneof->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < oneof->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = oneof->field(i);
+    GenerateField(field, printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("end\n");
+}
+
+bool GenerateMessage(const Descriptor* message, io::Printer* printer,
+                     std::string* error) {
+  if (message->extension_range_count() > 0 || message->extension_count() > 0) {
+    *error = "Extensions are not yet supported for proto2 .proto files.";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Don't generate MapEntry messages -- we use the Ruby extension's native
+  // support for map fields instead.
+  if (message->options().map_entry()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "add_message \"$name$\" do\n",
+    "name", message->full_name());
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = message->field(i);
+    if (!field->containing_oneof()) {
+      GenerateField(field, printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof = message->oneof_decl(i);
+    GenerateOneof(oneof, printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("end\n");
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (!GenerateMessage(message->nested_type(i), printer, error)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateEnum(message->enum_type(i), printer);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void GenerateEnum(const EnumDescriptor* en, io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "add_enum \"$name$\" do\n",
+    "name", en->full_name());
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < en->value_count(); i++) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value = en->value(i);
+    printer->Print(
+      "value :$name$, $number$\n",
+      "name", value->name(),
+      "number", NumberToString(value->number()));
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "end\n");
+}
+
+// Locale-agnostic utility functions.
+bool IsLower(char ch) { return ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z'; }
+
+bool IsUpper(char ch) { return ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z'; }
+
+bool IsAlpha(char ch) { return IsLower(ch) || IsUpper(ch); }
+
+char UpperChar(char ch) { return IsLower(ch) ? (ch - 'a' + 'A') : ch; }
+
+
+// Package names in protobuf are snake_case by convention, but Ruby module
+// names must be PascalCased.
+//
+//   foo_bar_baz -> FooBarBaz
+std::string PackageToModule(const std::string& name) {
+  bool next_upper = true;
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(name.size());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < name.size(); i++) {
+    if (name[i] == '_') {
+      next_upper = true;
+    } else {
+      if (next_upper) {
+        result.push_back(UpperChar(name[i]));
+      } else {
+        result.push_back(name[i]);
+      }
+      next_upper = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Class and enum names in protobuf should be PascalCased by convention, but
+// since there is nothing enforcing this we need to ensure that they are valid
+// Ruby constants.  That mainly means making sure that the first character is
+// an upper-case letter.
+std::string RubifyConstant(const std::string& name) {
+  std::string ret = name;
+  if (!ret.empty()) {
+    if (IsLower(ret[0])) {
+      // If it starts with a lowercase letter, capitalize it.
+      ret[0] = UpperChar(ret[0]);
+    } else if (!IsAlpha(ret[0])) {
+      // Otherwise (e.g. if it begins with an underscore), we need to come up
+      // with some prefix that starts with a capital letter. We could be smarter
+      // here, e.g. try to strip leading underscores, but this may cause other
+      // problems if the user really intended the name. So let's just prepend a
+      // well-known suffix.
+      ret = "PB_" + ret;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void GenerateMessageAssignment(const std::string& prefix,
+                               const Descriptor* message,
+                               io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Don't generate MapEntry messages -- we use the Ruby extension's native
+  // support for map fields instead.
+  if (message->options().map_entry()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "$prefix$$name$ = ",
+    "prefix", prefix,
+    "name", RubifyConstant(message->name()));
+  printer->Print(
+    "::Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool."
+    "lookup(\"$full_name$\").msgclass\n",
+    "full_name", message->full_name());
+
+  std::string nested_prefix = prefix + RubifyConstant(message->name()) + "::";
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateMessageAssignment(nested_prefix, message->nested_type(i), printer);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateEnumAssignment(nested_prefix, message->enum_type(i), printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void GenerateEnumAssignment(const std::string& prefix, const EnumDescriptor* en,
+                            io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "$prefix$$name$ = ",
+    "prefix", prefix,
+    "name", RubifyConstant(en->name()));
+  printer->Print(
+    "::Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool."
+    "lookup(\"$full_name$\").enummodule\n",
+    "full_name", en->full_name());
+}
+
+int GeneratePackageModules(const FileDescriptor* file, io::Printer* printer) {
+  int levels = 0;
+  bool need_change_to_module = true;
+  std::string package_name;
+
+  // Determine the name to use in either format:
+  //   proto package:         one.two.three
+  //   option ruby_package:   One::Two::Three
+  if (file->options().has_ruby_package()) {
+    package_name = file->options().ruby_package();
+
+    // If :: is in the package use the Ruby formated name as-is
+    //    -> A::B::C
+    // otherwise, use the dot seperator
+    //    -> A.B.C
+    if (package_name.find("::") != std::string::npos) {
+      need_change_to_module = false;
+    } else {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "ruby_package option should be in the form of:"
+                          << " 'A::B::C' and not 'A.B.C'";
+    }
+  } else {
+    package_name = file->package();
+  }
+
+  // Use the appropriate delimter
+  string delimiter = need_change_to_module ? "." : "::";
+  int delimiter_size = need_change_to_module ? 1 : 2;
+
+  // Extract each module name and indent
+  while (!package_name.empty()) {
+    size_t dot_index = package_name.find(delimiter);
+    string component;
+    if (dot_index == string::npos) {
+      component = package_name;
+      package_name = "";
+    } else {
+      component = package_name.substr(0, dot_index);
+      package_name = package_name.substr(dot_index + delimiter_size);
+    }
+    if (need_change_to_module) {
+      component = PackageToModule(component);
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+      "module $name$\n",
+      "name", component);
+    printer->Indent();
+    levels++;
+  }
+  return levels;
+}
+
+void EndPackageModules(int levels, io::Printer* printer) {
+  while (levels > 0) {
+    levels--;
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+      "end\n");
+  }
+}
+
+bool UsesTypeFromFile(const Descriptor* message, const FileDescriptor* file,
+                      string* error) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = message->field(i);
+    if ((field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+         field->message_type()->file() == file) ||
+        (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM &&
+         field->enum_type()->file() == file)) {
+      *error = "proto3 message field " + field->full_name() + " in file " +
+               file->name() + " has a dependency on a type from proto2 file " +
+               file->name() +
+               ".  Ruby doesn't support proto2 yet, so we must fail.";
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (UsesTypeFromFile(message->nested_type(i), file, error)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Ruby doesn't currently support proto2.  This causes a failure even for proto3
+// files that import proto2.  But in some cases, the proto2 file is only being
+// imported to extend another proto2 message.  The prime example is declaring
+// custom options by extending FileOptions/FieldOptions/etc.
+//
+// If the proto3 messages don't have any proto2 submessages, it is safe to omit
+// the dependency completely.  Users won't be able to use any proto2 extensions,
+// but they already couldn't because proto2 messages aren't supported.
+//
+// If/when we add proto2 support, we should remove this.
+bool MaybeEmitDependency(const FileDescriptor* import,
+                         const FileDescriptor* from,
+                         io::Printer* printer,
+                         string* error) {
+  if (from->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3 &&
+      import->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < from->message_type_count(); i++) {
+      if (UsesTypeFromFile(from->message_type(i), import, error)) {
+        // Error text was already set by UsesTypeFromFile().
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Ok to omit this proto2 dependency -- so we won't print anything.
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Omitting proto2 dependency '" << import->name()
+                        << "' from proto3 output file '"
+                        << GetOutputFilename(from->name())
+                        << "' because we don't support proto2 and no proto2 "
+                           "types from that file are being used.";
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      "require '$name$'\n", "name", GetRequireName(import->name()));
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+bool GenerateFile(const FileDescriptor* file, io::Printer* printer,
+                  string* error) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+    "# source: $filename$\n"
+    "\n",
+    "filename", file->name());
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "require 'google/protobuf'\n\n");
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    if (!MaybeEmitDependency(file->dependency(i), file, printer, error)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // TODO: Remove this when ruby supports extensions for proto2 syntax.
+  if (file->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2 &&
+      file->extension_count() > 0) {
+    *error = "Extensions are not yet supported for proto2 .proto files.";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.build do\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print("add_file(\"$filename$\", :syntax => :$syntax$) do\n",
+		 "filename", file->name(), "syntax",
+		 StringifySyntax(file->syntax()));
+  printer->Indent();
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (!GenerateMessage(file->message_type(i), printer, error)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateEnum(file->enum_type(i), printer);
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("end\n");
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "end\n\n");
+
+  int levels = GeneratePackageModules(file, printer);
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateMessageAssignment("", file->message_type(i), printer);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    GenerateEnumAssignment("", file->enum_type(i), printer);
+  }
+  EndPackageModules(levels, printer);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Generator::Generate(
+    const FileDescriptor* file,
+    const string& parameter,
+    GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+    string* error) const {
+
+  if (file->syntax() != FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3 &&
+      file->syntax() != FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2) {
+    *error = "Invalid or unsupported proto syntax";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+      generator_context->Open(GetOutputFilename(file->name())));
+  io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+
+  return GenerateFile(file, &printer, error);
+}
+
+}  // namespace ruby
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..731a81a52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Generates Ruby code for a given .proto file.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_RUBY_GENERATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_RUBY_GENERATOR_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace ruby {
+
+// CodeGenerator implementation for generated Ruby protocol buffer classes.
+// If you create your own protocol compiler binary and you want it to support
+// Ruby output, you can do so by registering an instance of this
+// CodeGenerator with the CommandLineInterface in your main() function.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT Generator : public CodeGenerator {
+  virtual bool Generate(
+      const FileDescriptor* file,
+      const string& parameter,
+      GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+      string* error) const;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ruby
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_RUBY_GENERATOR_H__
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d93a68d9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <list>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace ruby {
+namespace {
+
+string FindRubyTestDir() {
+  return TestSourceDir() + "/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby";
+}
+
+// This test is a simple golden-file test over the output of the Ruby code
+// generator. When we make changes to the Ruby extension and alter the Ruby code
+// generator to use those changes, we should (i) manually test the output of the
+// code generator with the extension, and (ii) update the golden output above.
+// Some day, we may integrate build systems between protoc and the language
+// extensions to the point where we can do this test in a more automated way.
+
+void RubyTest(string proto_file) {
+  string ruby_tests = FindRubyTestDir();
+
+  google::protobuf::compiler::CommandLineInterface cli;
+  cli.SetInputsAreProtoPathRelative(true);
+
+  ruby::Generator ruby_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--ruby_out", &ruby_generator, "");
+
+  // Copy generated_code.proto to the temporary test directory.
+  string test_input;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(
+      ruby_tests + proto_file + ".proto",
+      &test_input,
+      true));
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::SetContents(
+      TestTempDir() + proto_file + ".proto",
+      test_input,
+      true));
+
+  // Invoke the proto compiler (we will be inside TestTempDir() at this point).
+  string ruby_out = "--ruby_out=" + TestTempDir();
+  string proto_path = "--proto_path=" + TestTempDir();
+  string proto_target = TestTempDir() + proto_file + ".proto";
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "protoc",
+    ruby_out.c_str(),
+    proto_path.c_str(),
+    proto_target.c_str(),
+  };
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, cli.Run(4, argv));
+
+  // Load the generated output and compare to the expected result.
+  string output;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContentsAsText(
+      TestTempDir() + proto_file + "_pb.rb",
+      &output,
+      true));
+  string expected_output;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContentsAsText(
+      ruby_tests + proto_file + "_pb.rb",
+      &expected_output,
+      true));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_output, output);
+}
+
+TEST(RubyGeneratorTest, Proto3GeneratorTest) {
+  RubyTest("/ruby_generated_code");
+}
+
+TEST(RubyGeneratorTest, Proto2GeneratorTest) {
+    RubyTest("/ruby_generated_code_proto2");
+}
+
+TEST(RubyGeneratorTest, Proto3ImplicitPackageTest) {
+    RubyTest("/ruby_generated_pkg_implicit");
+}
+
+TEST(RubyGeneratorTest, Proto3ExplictPackageTest) {
+    RubyTest("/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit");
+}
+
+TEST(RubyGeneratorTest, Proto3ExplictLegacyPackageTest) {
+    RubyTest("/ruby_generated_pkg_explicit_legacy");
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace ruby
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/scc.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/scc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1394602f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/scc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_SCC_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_SCC_H__
+
+#include <map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+// Description of each strongly connected component. Note that the order
+// of both the descriptors in this SCC and the order of children is
+// deterministic.
+struct SCC {
+  std::vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+  std::vector<const SCC*> children;
+
+  const Descriptor* GetRepresentative() const { return descriptors[0]; }
+
+  // All messages must necessarily be in the same file.
+  const FileDescriptor* GetFile() const { return descriptors[0]->file(); }
+};
+
+// This class is used for analyzing the SCC for each message, to ensure linear
+// instead of quadratic performance, if we do this per message we would get
+// O(V*(V+E)).
+template <class DepsGenerator>
+class PROTOC_EXPORT SCCAnalyzer {
+ public:
+  explicit SCCAnalyzer() : index_(0) {}
+
+  const SCC* GetSCC(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    if (cache_.count(descriptor)) return cache_[descriptor].scc;
+    return DFS(descriptor).scc;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  struct NodeData {
+    const SCC* scc;  // if null it means its still on the stack
+    int index;
+    int lowlink;
+  };
+
+  std::map<const Descriptor*, NodeData> cache_;
+  std::vector<const Descriptor*> stack_;
+  int index_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SCC>> garbage_bin_;
+
+  SCC* CreateSCC() {
+    garbage_bin_.emplace_back(new SCC());
+    return garbage_bin_.back().get();
+  }
+
+  // Tarjan's Strongly Connected Components algo
+  NodeData DFS(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    // Must not have visited already.
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cache_.count(descriptor), 0);
+
+    // Mark visited by inserting in map.
+    NodeData& result = cache_[descriptor];
+    // Initialize data structures.
+    result.index = result.lowlink = index_++;
+    stack_.push_back(descriptor);
+
+    // Recurse the fields / nodes in graph
+    for (auto dep : DepsGenerator()(descriptor)) {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(dep);
+      if (cache_.count(dep) == 0) {
+        // unexplored node
+        NodeData child_data = DFS(dep);
+        result.lowlink = std::min(result.lowlink, child_data.lowlink);
+      } else {
+        NodeData child_data = cache_[dep];
+        if (child_data.scc == nullptr) {
+          // Still in the stack_ so we found a back edge
+          result.lowlink = std::min(result.lowlink, child_data.index);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (result.index == result.lowlink) {
+      // This is the root of a strongly connected component
+      SCC* scc = CreateSCC();
+      while (true) {
+        const Descriptor* scc_desc = stack_.back();
+        scc->descriptors.push_back(scc_desc);
+        // Remove from stack
+        stack_.pop_back();
+        cache_[scc_desc].scc = scc;
+
+        if (scc_desc == descriptor) break;
+      }
+
+      // The order of descriptors is random and depends how this SCC was
+      // discovered. In-order to ensure maximum stability we sort it by name.
+      std::sort(scc->descriptors.begin(), scc->descriptors.end(),
+                [](const Descriptor* a, const Descriptor* b) {
+                  return a->full_name() < b->full_name();
+                });
+      AddChildren(scc);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Add the SCC's that are children of this SCC to its children.
+  void AddChildren(SCC* scc) {
+    std::set<const SCC*> seen;
+    for (auto descriptor : scc->descriptors) {
+      for (auto child_msg : DepsGenerator()(descriptor)) {
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(child_msg);
+        const SCC* child = GetSCC(child_msg);
+        if (child == scc) continue;
+        if (seen.insert(child).second) {
+          scc->children.push_back(child);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // This is necessary for compiler bug in msvc2015.
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(SCCAnalyzer);
+};
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_SCC_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd6be2b09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/select.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+namespace {
+char* portable_strdup(const char* s) {
+  char* ns = (char*)malloc(strlen(s) + 1);
+  if (ns != NULL) {
+    strcpy(ns, s);
+  }
+  return ns;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+static void CloseHandleOrDie(HANDLE handle) {
+  if (!CloseHandle(handle)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "CloseHandle: "
+                      << Subprocess::Win32ErrorMessage(GetLastError());
+  }
+}
+
+Subprocess::Subprocess()
+    : process_start_error_(ERROR_SUCCESS),
+      child_handle_(NULL),
+      child_stdin_(NULL),
+      child_stdout_(NULL) {}
+
+Subprocess::~Subprocess() {
+  if (child_stdin_ != NULL) {
+    CloseHandleOrDie(child_stdin_);
+  }
+  if (child_stdout_ != NULL) {
+    CloseHandleOrDie(child_stdout_);
+  }
+}
+
+void Subprocess::Start(const std::string& program, SearchMode search_mode) {
+  // Create the pipes.
+  HANDLE stdin_pipe_read;
+  HANDLE stdin_pipe_write;
+  HANDLE stdout_pipe_read;
+  HANDLE stdout_pipe_write;
+
+  if (!CreatePipe(&stdin_pipe_read, &stdin_pipe_write, NULL, 0)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "CreatePipe: " << Win32ErrorMessage(GetLastError());
+  }
+  if (!CreatePipe(&stdout_pipe_read, &stdout_pipe_write, NULL, 0)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "CreatePipe: " << Win32ErrorMessage(GetLastError());
+  }
+
+  // Make child side of the pipes inheritable.
+  if (!SetHandleInformation(stdin_pipe_read, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT,
+                            HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "SetHandleInformation: "
+                      << Win32ErrorMessage(GetLastError());
+  }
+  if (!SetHandleInformation(stdout_pipe_write, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT,
+                            HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "SetHandleInformation: "
+                      << Win32ErrorMessage(GetLastError());
+  }
+
+  // Setup STARTUPINFO to redirect handles.
+  STARTUPINFOA startup_info;
+  ZeroMemory(&startup_info, sizeof(startup_info));
+  startup_info.cb = sizeof(startup_info);
+  startup_info.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
+  startup_info.hStdInput = stdin_pipe_read;
+  startup_info.hStdOutput = stdout_pipe_write;
+  startup_info.hStdError = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
+
+  if (startup_info.hStdError == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "GetStdHandle: " << Win32ErrorMessage(GetLastError());
+  }
+
+  // Invoking cmd.exe allows for '.bat' files from the path as well as '.exe'.
+  // Using a malloc'ed string because CreateProcess() can mutate its second
+  // parameter.
+  char* command_line =
+      portable_strdup(("cmd.exe /c \"" + program + "\"").c_str());
+
+  // Create the process.
+  PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info;
+
+  if (CreateProcessA((search_mode == SEARCH_PATH) ? NULL : program.c_str(),
+                     (search_mode == SEARCH_PATH) ? command_line : NULL,
+                     NULL,  // process security attributes
+                     NULL,  // thread security attributes
+                     TRUE,  // inherit handles?
+                     0,     // obscure creation flags
+                     NULL,  // environment (inherit from parent)
+                     NULL,  // current directory (inherit from parent)
+                     &startup_info, &process_info)) {
+    child_handle_ = process_info.hProcess;
+    CloseHandleOrDie(process_info.hThread);
+    child_stdin_ = stdin_pipe_write;
+    child_stdout_ = stdout_pipe_read;
+  } else {
+    process_start_error_ = GetLastError();
+    CloseHandleOrDie(stdin_pipe_write);
+    CloseHandleOrDie(stdout_pipe_read);
+  }
+
+  CloseHandleOrDie(stdin_pipe_read);
+  CloseHandleOrDie(stdout_pipe_write);
+  free(command_line);
+}
+
+bool Subprocess::Communicate(const Message& input, Message* output,
+                             std::string* error) {
+  if (process_start_error_ != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+    *error = Win32ErrorMessage(process_start_error_);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(child_handle_ != NULL) << "Must call Start() first.";
+
+  std::string input_data = input.SerializeAsString();
+  std::string output_data;
+
+  int input_pos = 0;
+
+  while (child_stdout_ != NULL) {
+    HANDLE handles[2];
+    int handle_count = 0;
+
+    if (child_stdin_ != NULL) {
+      handles[handle_count++] = child_stdin_;
+    }
+    if (child_stdout_ != NULL) {
+      handles[handle_count++] = child_stdout_;
+    }
+
+    DWORD wait_result =
+        WaitForMultipleObjects(handle_count, handles, FALSE, INFINITE);
+
+    HANDLE signaled_handle = NULL;
+    if (wait_result >= WAIT_OBJECT_0 &&
+        wait_result < WAIT_OBJECT_0 + handle_count) {
+      signaled_handle = handles[wait_result - WAIT_OBJECT_0];
+    } else if (wait_result == WAIT_FAILED) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "WaitForMultipleObjects: "
+                        << Win32ErrorMessage(GetLastError());
+    } else {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "WaitForMultipleObjects: Unexpected return code: "
+                        << wait_result;
+    }
+
+    if (signaled_handle == child_stdin_) {
+      DWORD n;
+      if (!WriteFile(child_stdin_, input_data.data() + input_pos,
+                     input_data.size() - input_pos, &n, NULL)) {
+        // Child closed pipe.  Presumably it will report an error later.
+        // Pretend we're done for now.
+        input_pos = input_data.size();
+      } else {
+        input_pos += n;
+      }
+
+      if (input_pos == input_data.size()) {
+        // We're done writing.  Close.
+        CloseHandleOrDie(child_stdin_);
+        child_stdin_ = NULL;
+      }
+    } else if (signaled_handle == child_stdout_) {
+      char buffer[4096];
+      DWORD n;
+
+      if (!ReadFile(child_stdout_, buffer, sizeof(buffer), &n, NULL)) {
+        // We're done reading.  Close.
+        CloseHandleOrDie(child_stdout_);
+        child_stdout_ = NULL;
+      } else {
+        output_data.append(buffer, n);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (child_stdin_ != NULL) {
+    // Child did not finish reading input before it closed the output.
+    // Presumably it exited with an error.
+    CloseHandleOrDie(child_stdin_);
+    child_stdin_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+  DWORD wait_result = WaitForSingleObject(child_handle_, INFINITE);
+
+  if (wait_result == WAIT_FAILED) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "WaitForSingleObject: "
+                      << Win32ErrorMessage(GetLastError());
+  } else if (wait_result != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "WaitForSingleObject: Unexpected return code: "
+                      << wait_result;
+  }
+
+  DWORD exit_code;
+  if (!GetExitCodeProcess(child_handle_, &exit_code)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "GetExitCodeProcess: "
+                      << Win32ErrorMessage(GetLastError());
+  }
+
+  CloseHandleOrDie(child_handle_);
+  child_handle_ = NULL;
+
+  if (exit_code != 0) {
+    *error =
+        strings::Substitute("Plugin failed with status code $0.", exit_code);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!output->ParseFromString(output_data)) {
+    *error = "Plugin output is unparseable: " + CEscape(output_data);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::string Subprocess::Win32ErrorMessage(DWORD error_code) {
+  char* message;
+
+  // WTF?
+  FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
+                     FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
+                 NULL, error_code, 0,
+                 (LPSTR)&message,  // NOT A BUG!
+                 0, NULL);
+
+  std::string result = message;
+  LocalFree(message);
+  return result;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#else  // _WIN32
+
+Subprocess::Subprocess()
+    : child_pid_(-1), child_stdin_(-1), child_stdout_(-1) {}
+
+Subprocess::~Subprocess() {
+  if (child_stdin_ != -1) {
+    close(child_stdin_);
+  }
+  if (child_stdout_ != -1) {
+    close(child_stdout_);
+  }
+}
+
+void Subprocess::Start(const std::string& program, SearchMode search_mode) {
+  // Note that we assume that there are no other threads, thus we don't have to
+  // do crazy stuff like using socket pairs or avoiding libc locks.
+
+  // [0] is read end, [1] is write end.
+  int stdin_pipe[2];
+  int stdout_pipe[2];
+
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(pipe(stdin_pipe) != -1);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(pipe(stdout_pipe) != -1);
+
+  char* argv[2] = {portable_strdup(program.c_str()), NULL};
+
+  child_pid_ = fork();
+  if (child_pid_ == -1) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "fork: " << strerror(errno);
+  } else if (child_pid_ == 0) {
+    // We are the child.
+    dup2(stdin_pipe[0], STDIN_FILENO);
+    dup2(stdout_pipe[1], STDOUT_FILENO);
+
+    close(stdin_pipe[0]);
+    close(stdin_pipe[1]);
+    close(stdout_pipe[0]);
+    close(stdout_pipe[1]);
+
+    switch (search_mode) {
+      case SEARCH_PATH:
+        execvp(argv[0], argv);
+        break;
+      case EXACT_NAME:
+        execv(argv[0], argv);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    // Write directly to STDERR_FILENO to avoid stdio code paths that may do
+    // stuff that is unsafe here.
+    int ignored;
+    ignored = write(STDERR_FILENO, argv[0], strlen(argv[0]));
+    const char* message =
+        ": program not found or is not executable\n"
+        "Please specify a program using absolute path or make sure "
+        "the program is available in your PATH system variable\n";
+    ignored = write(STDERR_FILENO, message, strlen(message));
+    (void)ignored;
+
+    // Must use _exit() rather than exit() to avoid flushing output buffers
+    // that will also be flushed by the parent.
+    _exit(1);
+  } else {
+    free(argv[0]);
+
+    close(stdin_pipe[0]);
+    close(stdout_pipe[1]);
+
+    child_stdin_ = stdin_pipe[1];
+    child_stdout_ = stdout_pipe[0];
+  }
+}
+
+bool Subprocess::Communicate(const Message& input, Message* output,
+                             std::string* error) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(child_stdin_, -1) << "Must call Start() first.";
+
+  // The "sighandler_t" typedef is GNU-specific, so define our own.
+  typedef void SignalHandler(int);
+
+  // Make sure SIGPIPE is disabled so that if the child dies it doesn't kill us.
+  SignalHandler* old_pipe_handler = signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+
+  std::string input_data = input.SerializeAsString();
+  std::string output_data;
+
+  int input_pos = 0;
+  int max_fd = std::max(child_stdin_, child_stdout_);
+
+  while (child_stdout_ != -1) {
+    fd_set read_fds;
+    fd_set write_fds;
+    FD_ZERO(&read_fds);
+    FD_ZERO(&write_fds);
+    if (child_stdout_ != -1) {
+      FD_SET(child_stdout_, &read_fds);
+    }
+    if (child_stdin_ != -1) {
+      FD_SET(child_stdin_, &write_fds);
+    }
+
+    if (select(max_fd + 1, &read_fds, &write_fds, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
+      if (errno == EINTR) {
+        // Interrupted by signal.  Try again.
+        continue;
+      } else {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "select: " << strerror(errno);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (child_stdin_ != -1 && FD_ISSET(child_stdin_, &write_fds)) {
+      int n = write(child_stdin_, input_data.data() + input_pos,
+                    input_data.size() - input_pos);
+      if (n < 0) {
+        // Child closed pipe.  Presumably it will report an error later.
+        // Pretend we're done for now.
+        input_pos = input_data.size();
+      } else {
+        input_pos += n;
+      }
+
+      if (input_pos == input_data.size()) {
+        // We're done writing.  Close.
+        close(child_stdin_);
+        child_stdin_ = -1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (child_stdout_ != -1 && FD_ISSET(child_stdout_, &read_fds)) {
+      char buffer[4096];
+      int n = read(child_stdout_, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+
+      if (n > 0) {
+        output_data.append(buffer, n);
+      } else {
+        // We're done reading.  Close.
+        close(child_stdout_);
+        child_stdout_ = -1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (child_stdin_ != -1) {
+    // Child did not finish reading input before it closed the output.
+    // Presumably it exited with an error.
+    close(child_stdin_);
+    child_stdin_ = -1;
+  }
+
+  int status;
+  while (waitpid(child_pid_, &status, 0) == -1) {
+    if (errno != EINTR) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "waitpid: " << strerror(errno);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Restore SIGPIPE handling.
+  signal(SIGPIPE, old_pipe_handler);
+
+  if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+    if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
+      int error_code = WEXITSTATUS(status);
+      *error =
+          strings::Substitute("Plugin failed with status code $0.", error_code);
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
+    int signal = WTERMSIG(status);
+    *error = strings::Substitute("Plugin killed by signal $0.", signal);
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    *error = "Neither WEXITSTATUS nor WTERMSIG is true?";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!output->ParseFromString(output_data)) {
+    *error = "Plugin output is unparseable: " + CEscape(output_data);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+#endif  // !_WIN32
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1ddaae53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.h
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_SUBPROCESS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_SUBPROCESS_H__
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN  // right...
+#endif
+#include <windows.h>
+#else  // _WIN32
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif  // !_WIN32
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Message;
+
+namespace compiler {
+
+// Utility class for launching sub-processes.
+class PROTOC_EXPORT Subprocess {
+ public:
+  Subprocess();
+  ~Subprocess();
+
+  enum SearchMode {
+    SEARCH_PATH,  // Use PATH environment variable.
+    EXACT_NAME    // Program is an exact file name; don't use the PATH.
+  };
+
+  // Start the subprocess.  Currently we don't provide a way to specify
+  // arguments as protoc plugins don't have any.
+  void Start(const std::string& program, SearchMode search_mode);
+
+  // Serialize the input message and pipe it to the subprocess's stdin, then
+  // close the pipe.  Meanwhile, read from the subprocess's stdout and parse
+  // the data into *output.  All this is done carefully to avoid deadlocks.
+  // Returns true if successful.  On any sort of error, returns false and sets
+  // *error to a description of the problem.
+  bool Communicate(const Message& input, Message* output, std::string* error);
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  // Given an error code, returns a human-readable error message.  This is
+  // defined here so that CommandLineInterface can share it.
+  static std::string Win32ErrorMessage(DWORD error_code);
+#endif
+
+ private:
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  DWORD process_start_error_;
+  HANDLE child_handle_;
+
+  // The file handles for our end of the child's pipes.  We close each and
+  // set it to NULL when no longer needed.
+  HANDLE child_stdin_;
+  HANDLE child_stdout_;
+
+#else  // _WIN32
+  pid_t child_pid_;
+
+  // The file descriptors for our end of the child's pipes.  We close each and
+  // set it to -1 when no longer needed.
+  int child_stdin_;
+  int child_stdout_;
+
+#endif  // !_WIN32
+};
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_SUBPROCESS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/test_plugin.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/test_plugin.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b5617000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/test_plugin.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// This is a dummy code generator plugin used by
+// command_line_interface_unittest.
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+int ProtobufMain(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+  MockCodeGenerator generator("test_plugin");
+  return PluginMain(argc, argv, &generator);
+}
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+  // Don't print a silly message or stick a modal dialog box in my face,
+  // please.
+  _set_abort_behavior(0, ~0);
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+  return google::protobuf::compiler::ProtobufMain(argc, argv);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/zip_output_unittest.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/zip_output_unittest.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f85979128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/zip_output_unittest.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2009 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+#
+# Test protoc's zip output mode.
+
+fail() {
+  echo "$@" >&2
+  exit 1
+}
+
+TEST_TMPDIR=.
+PROTOC=./protoc
+JAR=jar
+UNZIP=unzip
+
+echo '
+  syntax = "proto2";
+  option java_multiple_files = true;
+  option java_package = "test.jar";
+  option java_outer_classname = "Outer";
+  message Foo {}
+  message Bar {}
+' > $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.proto
+
+$PROTOC \
+    --cpp_out=$TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.zip --python_out=$TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.zip \
+    --java_out=$TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.jar -I$TEST_TMPDIR testzip.proto \
+    || fail 'protoc failed.'
+
+echo "Testing output to zip..."
+if $UNZIP -h > /dev/null; then
+  $UNZIP -t $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.zip > $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.list \
+    || fail 'unzip failed.'
+
+  grep 'testing: testzip\.pb\.cc *OK$' $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.list > /dev/null \
+    || fail 'testzip.pb.cc not found in output zip.'
+  grep 'testing: testzip\.pb\.h *OK$' $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.list > /dev/null \
+    || fail 'testzip.pb.h not found in output zip.'
+  grep 'testing: testzip_pb2\.py *OK$' $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.list > /dev/null \
+    || fail 'testzip_pb2.py not found in output zip.'
+  grep -i 'manifest' $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.list > /dev/null \
+    && fail 'Zip file contained manifest.'
+else
+  echo "Warning:  'unzip' command not available.  Skipping test."
+fi
+
+echo "Testing output to jar..."
+if $JAR c $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.proto > /dev/null; then
+  $JAR tf $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.jar > $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.list \
+    || fail 'jar failed.'
+
+  # Check that -interface.jar timestamps are normalized:
+  if [[ "$(TZ=UTC $JAR tvf $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.jar)" != *'Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 UTC 1980'* ]]; then
+    fail 'Zip did not contain normalized timestamps'
+  fi
+
+  grep '^test/jar/Foo\.java$' $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.list > /dev/null \
+    || fail 'Foo.java not found in output jar.'
+  grep '^test/jar/Bar\.java$' $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.list > /dev/null \
+    || fail 'Bar.java not found in output jar.'
+  grep '^test/jar/Outer\.java$' $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.list > /dev/null \
+    || fail 'Outer.java not found in output jar.'
+  grep '^META-INF/MANIFEST\.MF$' $TEST_TMPDIR/testzip.list > /dev/null \
+    || fail 'Manifest not found in output jar.'
+else
+  echo "Warning:  'jar' command not available.  Skipping test."
+fi
+
+echo PASS
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/zip_writer.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/zip_writer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..872dd9edd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/zip_writer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: ambrose@google.com (Ambrose Feinstein),
+//         kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// Based on http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/zip_writer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+// January 1, 1980 as a DOS date.
+// see https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/9kkf9tah.aspx
+static const uint16 kDosEpoch = 1 << 5 | 1;
+
+static const uint32 kCRC32Table[256] = {
+    0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba, 0x076dc419, 0x706af48f,
+    0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3, 0x0edb8832, 0x79dcb8a4, 0xe0d5e91e, 0x97d2d988,
+    0x09b64c2b, 0x7eb17cbd, 0xe7b82d07, 0x90bf1d91, 0x1db71064, 0x6ab020f2,
+    0xf3b97148, 0x84be41de, 0x1adad47d, 0x6ddde4eb, 0xf4d4b551, 0x83d385c7,
+    0x136c9856, 0x646ba8c0, 0xfd62f97a, 0x8a65c9ec, 0x14015c4f, 0x63066cd9,
+    0xfa0f3d63, 0x8d080df5, 0x3b6e20c8, 0x4c69105e, 0xd56041e4, 0xa2677172,
+    0x3c03e4d1, 0x4b04d447, 0xd20d85fd, 0xa50ab56b, 0x35b5a8fa, 0x42b2986c,
+    0xdbbbc9d6, 0xacbcf940, 0x32d86ce3, 0x45df5c75, 0xdcd60dcf, 0xabd13d59,
+    0x26d930ac, 0x51de003a, 0xc8d75180, 0xbfd06116, 0x21b4f4b5, 0x56b3c423,
+    0xcfba9599, 0xb8bda50f, 0x2802b89e, 0x5f058808, 0xc60cd9b2, 0xb10be924,
+    0x2f6f7c87, 0x58684c11, 0xc1611dab, 0xb6662d3d, 0x76dc4190, 0x01db7106,
+    0x98d220bc, 0xefd5102a, 0x71b18589, 0x06b6b51f, 0x9fbfe4a5, 0xe8b8d433,
+    0x7807c9a2, 0x0f00f934, 0x9609a88e, 0xe10e9818, 0x7f6a0dbb, 0x086d3d2d,
+    0x91646c97, 0xe6635c01, 0x6b6b51f4, 0x1c6c6162, 0x856530d8, 0xf262004e,
+    0x6c0695ed, 0x1b01a57b, 0x8208f4c1, 0xf50fc457, 0x65b0d9c6, 0x12b7e950,
+    0x8bbeb8ea, 0xfcb9887c, 0x62dd1ddf, 0x15da2d49, 0x8cd37cf3, 0xfbd44c65,
+    0x4db26158, 0x3ab551ce, 0xa3bc0074, 0xd4bb30e2, 0x4adfa541, 0x3dd895d7,
+    0xa4d1c46d, 0xd3d6f4fb, 0x4369e96a, 0x346ed9fc, 0xad678846, 0xda60b8d0,
+    0x44042d73, 0x33031de5, 0xaa0a4c5f, 0xdd0d7cc9, 0x5005713c, 0x270241aa,
+    0xbe0b1010, 0xc90c2086, 0x5768b525, 0x206f85b3, 0xb966d409, 0xce61e49f,
+    0x5edef90e, 0x29d9c998, 0xb0d09822, 0xc7d7a8b4, 0x59b33d17, 0x2eb40d81,
+    0xb7bd5c3b, 0xc0ba6cad, 0xedb88320, 0x9abfb3b6, 0x03b6e20c, 0x74b1d29a,
+    0xead54739, 0x9dd277af, 0x04db2615, 0x73dc1683, 0xe3630b12, 0x94643b84,
+    0x0d6d6a3e, 0x7a6a5aa8, 0xe40ecf0b, 0x9309ff9d, 0x0a00ae27, 0x7d079eb1,
+    0xf00f9344, 0x8708a3d2, 0x1e01f268, 0x6906c2fe, 0xf762575d, 0x806567cb,
+    0x196c3671, 0x6e6b06e7, 0xfed41b76, 0x89d32be0, 0x10da7a5a, 0x67dd4acc,
+    0xf9b9df6f, 0x8ebeeff9, 0x17b7be43, 0x60b08ed5, 0xd6d6a3e8, 0xa1d1937e,
+    0x38d8c2c4, 0x4fdff252, 0xd1bb67f1, 0xa6bc5767, 0x3fb506dd, 0x48b2364b,
+    0xd80d2bda, 0xaf0a1b4c, 0x36034af6, 0x41047a60, 0xdf60efc3, 0xa867df55,
+    0x316e8eef, 0x4669be79, 0xcb61b38c, 0xbc66831a, 0x256fd2a0, 0x5268e236,
+    0xcc0c7795, 0xbb0b4703, 0x220216b9, 0x5505262f, 0xc5ba3bbe, 0xb2bd0b28,
+    0x2bb45a92, 0x5cb36a04, 0xc2d7ffa7, 0xb5d0cf31, 0x2cd99e8b, 0x5bdeae1d,
+    0x9b64c2b0, 0xec63f226, 0x756aa39c, 0x026d930a, 0x9c0906a9, 0xeb0e363f,
+    0x72076785, 0x05005713, 0x95bf4a82, 0xe2b87a14, 0x7bb12bae, 0x0cb61b38,
+    0x92d28e9b, 0xe5d5be0d, 0x7cdcefb7, 0x0bdbdf21, 0x86d3d2d4, 0xf1d4e242,
+    0x68ddb3f8, 0x1fda836e, 0x81be16cd, 0xf6b9265b, 0x6fb077e1, 0x18b74777,
+    0x88085ae6, 0xff0f6a70, 0x66063bca, 0x11010b5c, 0x8f659eff, 0xf862ae69,
+    0x616bffd3, 0x166ccf45, 0xa00ae278, 0xd70dd2ee, 0x4e048354, 0x3903b3c2,
+    0xa7672661, 0xd06016f7, 0x4969474d, 0x3e6e77db, 0xaed16a4a, 0xd9d65adc,
+    0x40df0b66, 0x37d83bf0, 0xa9bcae53, 0xdebb9ec5, 0x47b2cf7f, 0x30b5ffe9,
+    0xbdbdf21c, 0xcabac28a, 0x53b39330, 0x24b4a3a6, 0xbad03605, 0xcdd70693,
+    0x54de5729, 0x23d967bf, 0xb3667a2e, 0xc4614ab8, 0x5d681b02, 0x2a6f2b94,
+    0xb40bbe37, 0xc30c8ea1, 0x5a05df1b, 0x2d02ef8d};
+
+static uint32 ComputeCRC32(const std::string& buf) {
+  uint32 x = ~0U;
+  for (int i = 0; i < buf.size(); ++i) {
+    unsigned char c = buf[i];
+    x = kCRC32Table[(x ^ c) & 0xff] ^ (x >> 8);
+  }
+  return ~x;
+}
+
+static void WriteShort(io::CodedOutputStream* out, uint16 val) {
+  uint8 p[2];
+  p[0] = static_cast<uint8>(val);
+  p[1] = static_cast<uint8>(val >> 8);
+  out->WriteRaw(p, 2);
+}
+
+ZipWriter::ZipWriter(io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* raw_output)
+    : raw_output_(raw_output) {}
+ZipWriter::~ZipWriter() {}
+
+bool ZipWriter::Write(const std::string& filename,
+                      const std::string& contents) {
+  FileInfo info;
+
+  info.name = filename;
+  uint16 filename_size = filename.size();
+  info.offset = raw_output_->ByteCount();
+  info.size = contents.size();
+  info.crc32 = ComputeCRC32(contents);
+
+  files_.push_back(info);
+
+  // write file header
+  io::CodedOutputStream output(raw_output_);
+  output.WriteLittleEndian32(0x04034b50);  // magic
+  WriteShort(&output, 10);                 // version needed to extract
+  WriteShort(&output, 0);                  // flags
+  WriteShort(&output, 0);                  // compression method: stored
+  WriteShort(&output, 0);                  // last modified time
+  WriteShort(&output, kDosEpoch);          // last modified date
+  output.WriteLittleEndian32(info.crc32);  // crc-32
+  output.WriteLittleEndian32(info.size);   // compressed size
+  output.WriteLittleEndian32(info.size);   // uncompressed size
+  WriteShort(&output, filename_size);      // file name length
+  WriteShort(&output, 0);                  // extra field length
+  output.WriteString(filename);            // file name
+  output.WriteString(contents);            // file data
+
+  return !output.HadError();
+}
+
+bool ZipWriter::WriteDirectory() {
+  uint16 num_entries = files_.size();
+  uint32 dir_ofs = raw_output_->ByteCount();
+
+  // write central directory
+  io::CodedOutputStream output(raw_output_);
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_entries; ++i) {
+    const std::string& filename = files_[i].name;
+    uint16 filename_size = filename.size();
+    uint32 crc32 = files_[i].crc32;
+    uint32 size = files_[i].size;
+    uint32 offset = files_[i].offset;
+
+    output.WriteLittleEndian32(0x02014b50);  // magic
+    WriteShort(&output, 10);                 // version made by
+    WriteShort(&output, 10);                 // version needed to extract
+    WriteShort(&output, 0);                  // flags
+    WriteShort(&output, 0);                  // compression method: stored
+    WriteShort(&output, 0);                  // last modified time
+    WriteShort(&output, kDosEpoch);          // last modified date
+    output.WriteLittleEndian32(crc32);       // crc-32
+    output.WriteLittleEndian32(size);        // compressed size
+    output.WriteLittleEndian32(size);        // uncompressed size
+    WriteShort(&output, filename_size);      // file name length
+    WriteShort(&output, 0);                  // extra field length
+    WriteShort(&output, 0);                  // file comment length
+    WriteShort(&output, 0);                  // starting disk number
+    WriteShort(&output, 0);                  // internal file attributes
+    output.WriteLittleEndian32(0);           // external file attributes
+    output.WriteLittleEndian32(offset);      // local header offset
+    output.WriteString(filename);            // file name
+  }
+  uint32 dir_len = output.ByteCount();
+
+  // write end of central directory marker
+  output.WriteLittleEndian32(0x06054b50);  // magic
+  WriteShort(&output, 0);                  // disk number
+  WriteShort(&output, 0);               // disk with start of central directory
+  WriteShort(&output, num_entries);     // central directory entries (this disk)
+  WriteShort(&output, num_entries);     // central directory entries (total)
+  output.WriteLittleEndian32(dir_len);  // central directory byte size
+  output.WriteLittleEndian32(dir_ofs);  // central directory offset
+  WriteShort(&output, 0);               // comment length
+
+  return output.HadError();
+}
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/zip_writer.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/zip_writer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a99bb78ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/zip_writer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+
+class ZipWriter {
+ public:
+  ZipWriter(io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* raw_output);
+  ~ZipWriter();
+
+  bool Write(const std::string& filename, const std::string& contents);
+  bool WriteDirectory();
+
+ private:
+  struct FileInfo {
+    std::string name;
+    uint32 offset;
+    uint32 size;
+    uint32 crc32;
+  };
+
+  io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* raw_output_;
+  std::vector<FileInfo> files_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6835a3cde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,7349 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/strtod.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+
+#undef PACKAGE  // autoheader #defines this.  :(
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+struct Symbol {
+  enum Type {
+    NULL_SYMBOL,
+    MESSAGE,
+    FIELD,
+    ONEOF,
+    ENUM,
+    ENUM_VALUE,
+    SERVICE,
+    METHOD,
+    PACKAGE
+  };
+  Type type;
+  union {
+    const Descriptor* descriptor;
+    const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor;
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor;
+    const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor;
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value_descriptor;
+    const ServiceDescriptor* service_descriptor;
+    const MethodDescriptor* method_descriptor;
+    const FileDescriptor* package_file_descriptor;
+  };
+
+  inline Symbol() : type(NULL_SYMBOL) { descriptor = nullptr; }
+  inline bool IsNull() const { return type == NULL_SYMBOL; }
+  inline bool IsType() const { return type == MESSAGE || type == ENUM; }
+  inline bool IsAggregate() const {
+    return type == MESSAGE || type == PACKAGE || type == ENUM ||
+           type == SERVICE;
+  }
+
+#define CONSTRUCTOR(TYPE, TYPE_CONSTANT, FIELD) \
+  inline explicit Symbol(const TYPE* value) {   \
+    type = TYPE_CONSTANT;                       \
+    this->FIELD = value;                        \
+  }
+
+  CONSTRUCTOR(Descriptor, MESSAGE, descriptor)
+  CONSTRUCTOR(FieldDescriptor, FIELD, field_descriptor)
+  CONSTRUCTOR(OneofDescriptor, ONEOF, oneof_descriptor)
+  CONSTRUCTOR(EnumDescriptor, ENUM, enum_descriptor)
+  CONSTRUCTOR(EnumValueDescriptor, ENUM_VALUE, enum_value_descriptor)
+  CONSTRUCTOR(ServiceDescriptor, SERVICE, service_descriptor)
+  CONSTRUCTOR(MethodDescriptor, METHOD, method_descriptor)
+  CONSTRUCTOR(FileDescriptor, PACKAGE, package_file_descriptor)
+#undef CONSTRUCTOR
+
+  const FileDescriptor* GetFile() const {
+    switch (type) {
+      case NULL_SYMBOL:
+        return nullptr;
+      case MESSAGE:
+        return descriptor->file();
+      case FIELD:
+        return field_descriptor->file();
+      case ONEOF:
+        return oneof_descriptor->containing_type()->file();
+      case ENUM:
+        return enum_descriptor->file();
+      case ENUM_VALUE:
+        return enum_value_descriptor->type()->file();
+      case SERVICE:
+        return service_descriptor->file();
+      case METHOD:
+        return method_descriptor->service()->file();
+      case PACKAGE:
+        return package_file_descriptor;
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+};
+
+const FieldDescriptor::CppType
+    FieldDescriptor::kTypeToCppTypeMap[MAX_TYPE + 1] = {
+        static_cast<CppType>(0),  // 0 is reserved for errors
+
+        CPPTYPE_DOUBLE,   // TYPE_DOUBLE
+        CPPTYPE_FLOAT,    // TYPE_FLOAT
+        CPPTYPE_INT64,    // TYPE_INT64
+        CPPTYPE_UINT64,   // TYPE_UINT64
+        CPPTYPE_INT32,    // TYPE_INT32
+        CPPTYPE_UINT64,   // TYPE_FIXED64
+        CPPTYPE_UINT32,   // TYPE_FIXED32
+        CPPTYPE_BOOL,     // TYPE_BOOL
+        CPPTYPE_STRING,   // TYPE_STRING
+        CPPTYPE_MESSAGE,  // TYPE_GROUP
+        CPPTYPE_MESSAGE,  // TYPE_MESSAGE
+        CPPTYPE_STRING,   // TYPE_BYTES
+        CPPTYPE_UINT32,   // TYPE_UINT32
+        CPPTYPE_ENUM,     // TYPE_ENUM
+        CPPTYPE_INT32,    // TYPE_SFIXED32
+        CPPTYPE_INT64,    // TYPE_SFIXED64
+        CPPTYPE_INT32,    // TYPE_SINT32
+        CPPTYPE_INT64,    // TYPE_SINT64
+};
+
+const char* const FieldDescriptor::kTypeToName[MAX_TYPE + 1] = {
+    "ERROR",  // 0 is reserved for errors
+
+    "double",    // TYPE_DOUBLE
+    "float",     // TYPE_FLOAT
+    "int64",     // TYPE_INT64
+    "uint64",    // TYPE_UINT64
+    "int32",     // TYPE_INT32
+    "fixed64",   // TYPE_FIXED64
+    "fixed32",   // TYPE_FIXED32
+    "bool",      // TYPE_BOOL
+    "string",    // TYPE_STRING
+    "group",     // TYPE_GROUP
+    "message",   // TYPE_MESSAGE
+    "bytes",     // TYPE_BYTES
+    "uint32",    // TYPE_UINT32
+    "enum",      // TYPE_ENUM
+    "sfixed32",  // TYPE_SFIXED32
+    "sfixed64",  // TYPE_SFIXED64
+    "sint32",    // TYPE_SINT32
+    "sint64",    // TYPE_SINT64
+};
+
+const char* const FieldDescriptor::kCppTypeToName[MAX_CPPTYPE + 1] = {
+    "ERROR",  // 0 is reserved for errors
+
+    "int32",    // CPPTYPE_INT32
+    "int64",    // CPPTYPE_INT64
+    "uint32",   // CPPTYPE_UINT32
+    "uint64",   // CPPTYPE_UINT64
+    "double",   // CPPTYPE_DOUBLE
+    "float",    // CPPTYPE_FLOAT
+    "bool",     // CPPTYPE_BOOL
+    "enum",     // CPPTYPE_ENUM
+    "string",   // CPPTYPE_STRING
+    "message",  // CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
+};
+
+const char* const FieldDescriptor::kLabelToName[MAX_LABEL + 1] = {
+    "ERROR",  // 0 is reserved for errors
+
+    "optional",  // LABEL_OPTIONAL
+    "required",  // LABEL_REQUIRED
+    "repeated",  // LABEL_REPEATED
+};
+
+const char* FileDescriptor::SyntaxName(FileDescriptor::Syntax syntax) {
+  switch (syntax) {
+    case SYNTAX_PROTO2:
+      return "proto2";
+    case SYNTAX_PROTO3:
+      return "proto3";
+    case SYNTAX_UNKNOWN:
+      return "unknown";
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "can't reach here.";
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+static const char* const kNonLinkedWeakMessageReplacementName = "google.protobuf.Empty";
+
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
+const int FieldDescriptor::kMaxNumber;
+const int FieldDescriptor::kFirstReservedNumber;
+const int FieldDescriptor::kLastReservedNumber;
+#endif
+
+namespace {
+
+// Note:  I distrust ctype.h due to locales.
+char ToUpper(char ch) {
+  return (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') ? (ch - 'a' + 'A') : ch;
+}
+
+char ToLower(char ch) {
+  return (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') ? (ch - 'A' + 'a') : ch;
+}
+
+std::string ToCamelCase(const std::string& input, bool lower_first) {
+  bool capitalize_next = !lower_first;
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(input.size());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    if (input[i] == '_') {
+      capitalize_next = true;
+    } else if (capitalize_next) {
+      result.push_back(ToUpper(input[i]));
+      capitalize_next = false;
+    } else {
+      result.push_back(input[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Lower-case the first letter.
+  if (lower_first && !result.empty()) {
+    result[0] = ToLower(result[0]);
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string ToJsonName(const std::string& input) {
+  bool capitalize_next = false;
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(input.size());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    if (input[i] == '_') {
+      capitalize_next = true;
+    } else if (capitalize_next) {
+      result.push_back(ToUpper(input[i]));
+      capitalize_next = false;
+    } else {
+      result.push_back(input[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string EnumValueToPascalCase(const std::string& input) {
+  bool next_upper = true;
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(input.size());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    if (input[i] == '_') {
+      next_upper = true;
+    } else {
+      if (next_upper) {
+        result.push_back(ToUpper(input[i]));
+      } else {
+        result.push_back(ToLower(input[i]));
+      }
+      next_upper = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Class to remove an enum prefix from enum values.
+class PrefixRemover {
+ public:
+  PrefixRemover(StringPiece prefix) {
+    // Strip underscores and lower-case the prefix.
+    for (int i = 0; i < prefix.size(); i++) {
+      if (prefix[i] != '_') {
+        prefix_ += ascii_tolower(prefix[i]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Tries to remove the enum prefix from this enum value.
+  // If this is not possible, returns the input verbatim.
+  std::string MaybeRemove(StringPiece str) {
+    // We can't just lowercase and strip str and look for a prefix.
+    // We need to properly recognize the difference between:
+    //
+    //   enum Foo {
+    //     FOO_BAR_BAZ = 0;
+    //     FOO_BARBAZ = 1;
+    //   }
+    //
+    // This is acceptable (though perhaps not advisable) because even when
+    // we PascalCase, these two will still be distinct (BarBaz vs. Barbaz).
+    size_t i, j;
+
+    // Skip past prefix_ in str if we can.
+    for (i = 0, j = 0; i < str.size() && j < prefix_.size(); i++) {
+      if (str[i] == '_') {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (ascii_tolower(str[i]) != prefix_[j++]) {
+        return std::string(str);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // If we didn't make it through the prefix, we've failed to strip the
+    // prefix.
+    if (j < prefix_.size()) {
+      return std::string(str);
+    }
+
+    // Skip underscores between prefix and further characters.
+    while (i < str.size() && str[i] == '_') {
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    // Enum label can't be the empty string.
+    if (i == str.size()) {
+      return std::string(str);
+    }
+
+    // We successfully stripped the prefix.
+    str.remove_prefix(i);
+    return std::string(str);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string prefix_;
+};
+
+// A DescriptorPool contains a bunch of hash-maps to implement the
+// various Find*By*() methods.  Since hashtable lookups are O(1), it's
+// most efficient to construct a fixed set of large hash-maps used by
+// all objects in the pool rather than construct one or more small
+// hash-maps for each object.
+//
+// The keys to these hash-maps are (parent, name) or (parent, number) pairs.
+//
+// TODO(kenton):  Use StringPiece rather than const char* in keys?  It would
+//   be a lot cleaner but we'd just have to convert it back to const char*
+//   for the open source release.
+
+typedef std::pair<const void*, const char*> PointerStringPair;
+
+struct PointerStringPairEqual {
+  inline bool operator()(const PointerStringPair& a,
+                         const PointerStringPair& b) const {
+    return a.first == b.first && strcmp(a.second, b.second) == 0;
+  }
+};
+
+typedef std::pair<const Descriptor*, int> DescriptorIntPair;
+typedef std::pair<const EnumDescriptor*, int> EnumIntPair;
+
+#define HASH_MAP std::unordered_map
+#define HASH_SET std::unordered_set
+#define HASH_FXN hash
+
+template <typename PairType>
+struct PointerIntegerPairHash {
+  size_t operator()(const PairType& p) const {
+    static const size_t prime1 = 16777499;
+    static const size_t prime2 = 16777619;
+    return reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p.first) * prime1 ^
+           static_cast<size_t>(p.second) * prime2;
+  }
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+  // Used only by MSVC and platforms where hash_map is not available.
+  static const size_t bucket_size = 4;
+  static const size_t min_buckets = 8;
+#endif
+  inline bool operator()(const PairType& a, const PairType& b) const {
+    return a.first < b.first || (a.first == b.first && a.second < b.second);
+  }
+};
+
+struct PointerStringPairHash {
+  size_t operator()(const PointerStringPair& p) const {
+    static const size_t prime = 16777619;
+    hash<const char*> cstring_hash;
+    return reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p.first) * prime ^
+           static_cast<size_t>(cstring_hash(p.second));
+  }
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+  // Used only by MSVC and platforms where hash_map is not available.
+  static const size_t bucket_size = 4;
+  static const size_t min_buckets = 8;
+#endif
+  inline bool operator()(const PointerStringPair& a,
+                         const PointerStringPair& b) const {
+    if (a.first < b.first) return true;
+    if (a.first > b.first) return false;
+    return strcmp(a.second, b.second) < 0;
+  }
+};
+
+
+const Symbol kNullSymbol;
+
+typedef HASH_MAP<const char*, Symbol, HASH_FXN<const char*>, streq>
+    SymbolsByNameMap;
+
+typedef HASH_MAP<PointerStringPair, Symbol, PointerStringPairHash,
+                 PointerStringPairEqual>
+    SymbolsByParentMap;
+
+typedef HASH_MAP<const char*, const FileDescriptor*, HASH_FXN<const char*>,
+                 streq>
+    FilesByNameMap;
+
+typedef HASH_MAP<PointerStringPair, const FieldDescriptor*,
+                 PointerStringPairHash, PointerStringPairEqual>
+    FieldsByNameMap;
+
+typedef HASH_MAP<DescriptorIntPair, const FieldDescriptor*,
+                 PointerIntegerPairHash<DescriptorIntPair>,
+                 std::equal_to<DescriptorIntPair>>
+    FieldsByNumberMap;
+
+typedef HASH_MAP<EnumIntPair, const EnumValueDescriptor*,
+                 PointerIntegerPairHash<EnumIntPair>,
+                 std::equal_to<EnumIntPair>>
+    EnumValuesByNumberMap;
+// This is a map rather than a hash-map, since we use it to iterate
+// through all the extensions that extend a given Descriptor, and an
+// ordered data structure that implements lower_bound is convenient
+// for that.
+typedef std::map<DescriptorIntPair, const FieldDescriptor*>
+    ExtensionsGroupedByDescriptorMap;
+typedef HASH_MAP<std::string, const SourceCodeInfo_Location*>
+    LocationsByPathMap;
+
+std::set<std::string>* NewAllowedProto3Extendee() {
+  auto allowed_proto3_extendees = new std::set<std::string>;
+  const char* kOptionNames[] = {
+      "FileOptions",      "MessageOptions", "FieldOptions",  "EnumOptions",
+      "EnumValueOptions", "ServiceOptions", "MethodOptions", "OneofOptions"};
+  for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(kOptionNames); ++i) {
+    // descriptor.proto has a different package name in opensource. We allow
+    // both so the opensource protocol compiler can also compile internal
+    // proto3 files with custom options. See: b/27567912
+    allowed_proto3_extendees->insert(std::string("google.protobuf.") +
+                                     kOptionNames[i]);
+    // Split the word to trick the opensource processing scripts so they
+    // will keep the origial package name.
+    allowed_proto3_extendees->insert(std::string("proto") + "2." +
+                                     kOptionNames[i]);
+  }
+  return allowed_proto3_extendees;
+}
+
+// Checks whether the extendee type is allowed in proto3.
+// Only extensions to descriptor options are allowed. We use name comparison
+// instead of comparing the descriptor directly because the extensions may be
+// defined in a different pool.
+bool AllowedExtendeeInProto3(const std::string& name) {
+  static auto allowed_proto3_extendees =
+      internal::OnShutdownDelete(NewAllowedProto3Extendee());
+  return allowed_proto3_extendees->find(name) !=
+         allowed_proto3_extendees->end();
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+// DescriptorPool::Tables
+
+class DescriptorPool::Tables {
+ public:
+  Tables();
+  ~Tables();
+
+  // Record the current state of the tables to the stack of checkpoints.
+  // Each call to AddCheckpoint() must be paired with exactly one call to either
+  // ClearLastCheckpoint() or RollbackToLastCheckpoint().
+  //
+  // This is used when building files, since some kinds of validation errors
+  // cannot be detected until the file's descriptors have already been added to
+  // the tables.
+  //
+  // This supports recursive checkpoints, since building a file may trigger
+  // recursive building of other files. Note that recursive checkpoints are not
+  // normally necessary; explicit dependencies are built prior to checkpointing.
+  // So although we recursively build transitive imports, there is at most one
+  // checkpoint in the stack during dependency building.
+  //
+  // Recursive checkpoints only arise during cross-linking of the descriptors.
+  // Symbol references must be resolved, via DescriptorBuilder::FindSymbol and
+  // friends. If the pending file references an unknown symbol
+  // (e.g., it is not defined in the pending file's explicit dependencies), and
+  // the pool is using a fallback database, and that database contains a file
+  // defining that symbol, and that file has not yet been built by the pool,
+  // the pool builds the file during cross-linking, leading to another
+  // checkpoint.
+  void AddCheckpoint();
+
+  // Mark the last checkpoint as having cleared successfully, removing it from
+  // the stack. If the stack is empty, all pending symbols will be committed.
+  //
+  // Note that this does not guarantee that the symbols added since the last
+  // checkpoint won't be rolled back: if a checkpoint gets rolled back,
+  // everything past that point gets rolled back, including symbols added after
+  // checkpoints that were pushed onto the stack after it and marked as cleared.
+  void ClearLastCheckpoint();
+
+  // Roll back the Tables to the state of the checkpoint at the top of the
+  // stack, removing everything that was added after that point.
+  void RollbackToLastCheckpoint();
+
+  // The stack of files which are currently being built.  Used to detect
+  // cyclic dependencies when loading files from a DescriptorDatabase.  Not
+  // used when fallback_database_ == nullptr.
+  std::vector<std::string> pending_files_;
+
+  // A set of files which we have tried to load from the fallback database
+  // and encountered errors.  We will not attempt to load them again during
+  // execution of the current public API call, but for compatibility with
+  // legacy clients, this is cleared at the beginning of each public API call.
+  // Not used when fallback_database_ == nullptr.
+  HASH_SET<std::string> known_bad_files_;
+
+  // A set of symbols which we have tried to load from the fallback database
+  // and encountered errors. We will not attempt to load them again during
+  // execution of the current public API call, but for compatibility with
+  // legacy clients, this is cleared at the beginning of each public API call.
+  HASH_SET<std::string> known_bad_symbols_;
+
+  // The set of descriptors for which we've already loaded the full
+  // set of extensions numbers from fallback_database_.
+  HASH_SET<const Descriptor*> extensions_loaded_from_db_;
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Finding items.
+
+  // Find symbols.  This returns a null Symbol (symbol.IsNull() is true)
+  // if not found.
+  inline Symbol FindSymbol(const std::string& key) const;
+
+  // This implements the body of DescriptorPool::Find*ByName().  It should
+  // really be a private method of DescriptorPool, but that would require
+  // declaring Symbol in descriptor.h, which would drag all kinds of other
+  // stuff into the header.  Yay C++.
+  Symbol FindByNameHelper(const DescriptorPool* pool, const std::string& name);
+
+  // These return nullptr if not found.
+  inline const FileDescriptor* FindFile(const std::string& key) const;
+  inline const FieldDescriptor* FindExtension(const Descriptor* extendee,
+                                              int number) const;
+  inline void FindAllExtensions(const Descriptor* extendee,
+                                std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* out) const;
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Adding items.
+
+  // These add items to the corresponding tables.  They return false if
+  // the key already exists in the table.  For AddSymbol(), the string passed
+  // in must be one that was constructed using AllocateString(), as it will
+  // be used as a key in the symbols_by_name_ map without copying.
+  bool AddSymbol(const std::string& full_name, Symbol symbol);
+  bool AddFile(const FileDescriptor* file);
+  bool AddExtension(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Allocating memory.
+
+  // Allocate an object which will be reclaimed when the pool is
+  // destroyed.  Note that the object's destructor will never be called,
+  // so its fields must be plain old data (primitive data types and
+  // pointers).  All of the descriptor types are such objects.
+  template <typename Type>
+  Type* Allocate();
+
+  // Allocate an array of objects which will be reclaimed when the
+  // pool in destroyed.  Again, destructors are never called.
+  template <typename Type>
+  Type* AllocateArray(int count);
+
+  // Allocate a string which will be destroyed when the pool is destroyed.
+  // The string is initialized to the given value for convenience.
+  std::string* AllocateString(const std::string& value);
+
+  // Allocate empty string which will be destroyed when the pool is destroyed.
+  std::string* AllocateEmptyString();
+
+  // Allocate a internal::call_once which will be destroyed when the pool is
+  // destroyed.
+  internal::once_flag* AllocateOnceDynamic();
+
+  // Allocate a protocol message object.  Some older versions of GCC have
+  // trouble understanding explicit template instantiations in some cases, so
+  // in those cases we have to pass a dummy pointer of the right type as the
+  // parameter instead of specifying the type explicitly.
+  template <typename Type>
+  Type* AllocateMessage(Type* dummy = nullptr);
+
+  // Allocate a FileDescriptorTables object.
+  FileDescriptorTables* AllocateFileTables();
+
+ private:
+  // All other memory allocated in the pool.  Must be first as other objects can
+  // point into these.
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<char[]>> allocations_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::string>> strings_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Message>> messages_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<internal::once_flag>> once_dynamics_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FileDescriptorTables>> file_tables_;
+
+  SymbolsByNameMap symbols_by_name_;
+  FilesByNameMap files_by_name_;
+  ExtensionsGroupedByDescriptorMap extensions_;
+
+  struct CheckPoint {
+    explicit CheckPoint(const Tables* tables)
+        : strings_before_checkpoint(tables->strings_.size()),
+          messages_before_checkpoint(tables->messages_.size()),
+          once_dynamics_before_checkpoint(tables->once_dynamics_.size()),
+          file_tables_before_checkpoint(tables->file_tables_.size()),
+          allocations_before_checkpoint(tables->allocations_.size()),
+          pending_symbols_before_checkpoint(
+              tables->symbols_after_checkpoint_.size()),
+          pending_files_before_checkpoint(
+              tables->files_after_checkpoint_.size()),
+          pending_extensions_before_checkpoint(
+              tables->extensions_after_checkpoint_.size()) {}
+    int strings_before_checkpoint;
+    int messages_before_checkpoint;
+    int once_dynamics_before_checkpoint;
+    int file_tables_before_checkpoint;
+    int allocations_before_checkpoint;
+    int pending_symbols_before_checkpoint;
+    int pending_files_before_checkpoint;
+    int pending_extensions_before_checkpoint;
+  };
+  std::vector<CheckPoint> checkpoints_;
+  std::vector<const char*> symbols_after_checkpoint_;
+  std::vector<const char*> files_after_checkpoint_;
+  std::vector<DescriptorIntPair> extensions_after_checkpoint_;
+
+  // Allocate some bytes which will be reclaimed when the pool is
+  // destroyed.
+  void* AllocateBytes(int size);
+};
+
+// Contains tables specific to a particular file.  These tables are not
+// modified once the file has been constructed, so they need not be
+// protected by a mutex.  This makes operations that depend only on the
+// contents of a single file -- e.g. Descriptor::FindFieldByName() --
+// lock-free.
+//
+// For historical reasons, the definitions of the methods of
+// FileDescriptorTables and DescriptorPool::Tables are interleaved below.
+// These used to be a single class.
+class FileDescriptorTables {
+ public:
+  FileDescriptorTables();
+  ~FileDescriptorTables();
+
+  // Empty table, used with placeholder files.
+  inline static const FileDescriptorTables& GetEmptyInstance();
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Finding items.
+
+  // Find symbols.  These return a null Symbol (symbol.IsNull() is true)
+  // if not found.
+  inline Symbol FindNestedSymbol(const void* parent,
+                                 const std::string& name) const;
+  inline Symbol FindNestedSymbolOfType(const void* parent,
+                                       const std::string& name,
+                                       const Symbol::Type type) const;
+
+  // These return nullptr if not found.
+  inline const FieldDescriptor* FindFieldByNumber(const Descriptor* parent,
+                                                  int number) const;
+  inline const FieldDescriptor* FindFieldByLowercaseName(
+      const void* parent, const std::string& lowercase_name) const;
+  inline const FieldDescriptor* FindFieldByCamelcaseName(
+      const void* parent, const std::string& camelcase_name) const;
+  inline const EnumValueDescriptor* FindEnumValueByNumber(
+      const EnumDescriptor* parent, int number) const;
+  // This creates a new EnumValueDescriptor if not found, in a thread-safe way.
+  inline const EnumValueDescriptor* FindEnumValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(
+      const EnumDescriptor* parent, int number) const;
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Adding items.
+
+  // These add items to the corresponding tables.  They return false if
+  // the key already exists in the table.  For AddAliasUnderParent(), the
+  // string passed in must be one that was constructed using AllocateString(),
+  // as it will be used as a key in the symbols_by_parent_ map without copying.
+  bool AddAliasUnderParent(const void* parent, const std::string& name,
+                           Symbol symbol);
+  bool AddFieldByNumber(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+  bool AddEnumValueByNumber(const EnumValueDescriptor* value);
+
+  // Adds the field to the lowercase_name and camelcase_name maps.  Never
+  // fails because we allow duplicates; the first field by the name wins.
+  void AddFieldByStylizedNames(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  // Populates p->first->locations_by_path_ from p->second.
+  // Unusual signature dictated by internal::call_once.
+  static void BuildLocationsByPath(
+      std::pair<const FileDescriptorTables*, const SourceCodeInfo*>* p);
+
+  // Returns the location denoted by the specified path through info,
+  // or nullptr if not found.
+  // The value of info must be that of the corresponding FileDescriptor.
+  // (Conceptually a pure function, but stateful as an optimisation.)
+  const SourceCodeInfo_Location* GetSourceLocation(
+      const std::vector<int>& path, const SourceCodeInfo* info) const;
+
+  // Must be called after BuildFileImpl(), even if the build failed and
+  // we are going to roll back to the last checkpoint.
+  void FinalizeTables();
+
+ private:
+  const void* FindParentForFieldsByMap(const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  static void FieldsByLowercaseNamesLazyInitStatic(
+      const FileDescriptorTables* tables);
+  void FieldsByLowercaseNamesLazyInitInternal() const;
+  static void FieldsByCamelcaseNamesLazyInitStatic(
+      const FileDescriptorTables* tables);
+  void FieldsByCamelcaseNamesLazyInitInternal() const;
+
+  SymbolsByParentMap symbols_by_parent_;
+  mutable FieldsByNameMap fields_by_lowercase_name_;
+  std::unique_ptr<FieldsByNameMap> fields_by_lowercase_name_tmp_;
+  mutable internal::once_flag fields_by_lowercase_name_once_;
+  mutable FieldsByNameMap fields_by_camelcase_name_;
+  std::unique_ptr<FieldsByNameMap> fields_by_camelcase_name_tmp_;
+  mutable internal::once_flag fields_by_camelcase_name_once_;
+  FieldsByNumberMap fields_by_number_;  // Not including extensions.
+  EnumValuesByNumberMap enum_values_by_number_;
+  mutable EnumValuesByNumberMap unknown_enum_values_by_number_
+      PROTOBUF_GUARDED_BY(unknown_enum_values_mu_);
+
+  // Populated on first request to save space, hence constness games.
+  mutable internal::once_flag locations_by_path_once_;
+  mutable LocationsByPathMap locations_by_path_;
+
+  // Mutex to protect the unknown-enum-value map due to dynamic
+  // EnumValueDescriptor creation on unknown values.
+  mutable internal::WrappedMutex unknown_enum_values_mu_;
+};
+
+DescriptorPool::Tables::Tables()
+    // Start some hash-map and hash-set objects with a small # of buckets
+    : known_bad_files_(3),
+      known_bad_symbols_(3),
+      extensions_loaded_from_db_(3),
+      symbols_by_name_(3),
+      files_by_name_(3) {}
+
+DescriptorPool::Tables::~Tables() { GOOGLE_DCHECK(checkpoints_.empty()); }
+
+FileDescriptorTables::FileDescriptorTables()
+    // Initialize all the hash tables to start out with a small # of buckets.
+    : symbols_by_parent_(3),
+      fields_by_lowercase_name_(3),
+      fields_by_lowercase_name_tmp_(new FieldsByNameMap()),
+      fields_by_camelcase_name_(3),
+      fields_by_camelcase_name_tmp_(new FieldsByNameMap()),
+      fields_by_number_(3),
+      enum_values_by_number_(3),
+      unknown_enum_values_by_number_(3),
+      locations_by_path_(3) {}
+
+FileDescriptorTables::~FileDescriptorTables() {}
+
+inline const FileDescriptorTables& FileDescriptorTables::GetEmptyInstance() {
+  static auto file_descriptor_tables =
+      internal::OnShutdownDelete(new FileDescriptorTables());
+  return *file_descriptor_tables;
+}
+
+void DescriptorPool::Tables::AddCheckpoint() {
+  checkpoints_.push_back(CheckPoint(this));
+}
+
+void DescriptorPool::Tables::ClearLastCheckpoint() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!checkpoints_.empty());
+  checkpoints_.pop_back();
+  if (checkpoints_.empty()) {
+    // All checkpoints have been cleared: we can now commit all of the pending
+    // data.
+    symbols_after_checkpoint_.clear();
+    files_after_checkpoint_.clear();
+    extensions_after_checkpoint_.clear();
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorPool::Tables::RollbackToLastCheckpoint() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!checkpoints_.empty());
+  const CheckPoint& checkpoint = checkpoints_.back();
+
+  for (int i = checkpoint.pending_symbols_before_checkpoint;
+       i < symbols_after_checkpoint_.size(); i++) {
+    symbols_by_name_.erase(symbols_after_checkpoint_[i]);
+  }
+  for (int i = checkpoint.pending_files_before_checkpoint;
+       i < files_after_checkpoint_.size(); i++) {
+    files_by_name_.erase(files_after_checkpoint_[i]);
+  }
+  for (int i = checkpoint.pending_extensions_before_checkpoint;
+       i < extensions_after_checkpoint_.size(); i++) {
+    extensions_.erase(extensions_after_checkpoint_[i]);
+  }
+
+  symbols_after_checkpoint_.resize(
+      checkpoint.pending_symbols_before_checkpoint);
+  files_after_checkpoint_.resize(checkpoint.pending_files_before_checkpoint);
+  extensions_after_checkpoint_.resize(
+      checkpoint.pending_extensions_before_checkpoint);
+
+  strings_.resize(checkpoint.strings_before_checkpoint);
+  messages_.resize(checkpoint.messages_before_checkpoint);
+  once_dynamics_.resize(checkpoint.once_dynamics_before_checkpoint);
+  file_tables_.resize(checkpoint.file_tables_before_checkpoint);
+  allocations_.resize(checkpoint.allocations_before_checkpoint);
+  checkpoints_.pop_back();
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline Symbol DescriptorPool::Tables::FindSymbol(const std::string& key) const {
+  const Symbol* result = FindOrNull(symbols_by_name_, key.c_str());
+  if (result == nullptr) {
+    return kNullSymbol;
+  } else {
+    return *result;
+  }
+}
+
+inline Symbol FileDescriptorTables::FindNestedSymbol(
+    const void* parent, const std::string& name) const {
+  const Symbol* result = FindOrNull(
+      symbols_by_parent_, PointerStringPair(parent, name.c_str()));
+  if (result == nullptr) {
+    return kNullSymbol;
+  } else {
+    return *result;
+  }
+}
+
+inline Symbol FileDescriptorTables::FindNestedSymbolOfType(
+    const void* parent, const std::string& name,
+    const Symbol::Type type) const {
+  Symbol result = FindNestedSymbol(parent, name);
+  if (result.type != type) return kNullSymbol;
+  return result;
+}
+
+Symbol DescriptorPool::Tables::FindByNameHelper(const DescriptorPool* pool,
+                                                const std::string& name) {
+  if (pool->mutex_ != nullptr) {
+    // Fast path: the Symbol is already cached.  This is just a hash lookup.
+    ReaderMutexLock lock(pool->mutex_);
+    if (known_bad_symbols_.empty() && known_bad_files_.empty()) {
+      Symbol result = FindSymbol(name);
+      if (!result.IsNull()) return result;
+    }
+  }
+  MutexLockMaybe lock(pool->mutex_);
+  if (pool->fallback_database_ != nullptr) {
+    known_bad_symbols_.clear();
+    known_bad_files_.clear();
+  }
+  Symbol result = FindSymbol(name);
+
+  if (result.IsNull() && pool->underlay_ != nullptr) {
+    // Symbol not found; check the underlay.
+    result = pool->underlay_->tables_->FindByNameHelper(pool->underlay_, name);
+  }
+
+  if (result.IsNull()) {
+    // Symbol still not found, so check fallback database.
+    if (pool->TryFindSymbolInFallbackDatabase(name)) {
+      result = FindSymbol(name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline const FileDescriptor* DescriptorPool::Tables::FindFile(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  return FindPtrOrNull(files_by_name_, key.c_str());
+}
+
+inline const FieldDescriptor* FileDescriptorTables::FindFieldByNumber(
+    const Descriptor* parent, int number) const {
+  return FindPtrOrNull(fields_by_number_, std::make_pair(parent, number));
+}
+
+const void* FileDescriptorTables::FindParentForFieldsByMap(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    if (field->extension_scope() == nullptr) {
+      return field->file();
+    } else {
+      return field->extension_scope();
+    }
+  } else {
+    return field->containing_type();
+  }
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorTables::FieldsByLowercaseNamesLazyInitStatic(
+    const FileDescriptorTables* tables) {
+  tables->FieldsByLowercaseNamesLazyInitInternal();
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorTables::FieldsByLowercaseNamesLazyInitInternal() const {
+  for (FieldsByNumberMap::const_iterator it = fields_by_number_.begin();
+       it != fields_by_number_.end(); it++) {
+    PointerStringPair lowercase_key(FindParentForFieldsByMap(it->second),
+                                    it->second->lowercase_name().c_str());
+    InsertIfNotPresent(&fields_by_lowercase_name_, lowercase_key,
+                            it->second);
+  }
+}
+
+inline const FieldDescriptor* FileDescriptorTables::FindFieldByLowercaseName(
+    const void* parent, const std::string& lowercase_name) const {
+  internal::call_once(
+      fields_by_lowercase_name_once_,
+      &FileDescriptorTables::FieldsByLowercaseNamesLazyInitStatic, this);
+  return FindPtrOrNull(fields_by_lowercase_name_,
+                            PointerStringPair(parent, lowercase_name.c_str()));
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorTables::FieldsByCamelcaseNamesLazyInitStatic(
+    const FileDescriptorTables* tables) {
+  tables->FieldsByCamelcaseNamesLazyInitInternal();
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorTables::FieldsByCamelcaseNamesLazyInitInternal() const {
+  for (FieldsByNumberMap::const_iterator it = fields_by_number_.begin();
+       it != fields_by_number_.end(); it++) {
+    PointerStringPair camelcase_key(FindParentForFieldsByMap(it->second),
+                                    it->second->camelcase_name().c_str());
+    InsertIfNotPresent(&fields_by_camelcase_name_, camelcase_key,
+                            it->second);
+  }
+}
+
+inline const FieldDescriptor* FileDescriptorTables::FindFieldByCamelcaseName(
+    const void* parent, const std::string& camelcase_name) const {
+  internal::call_once(
+      fields_by_camelcase_name_once_,
+      FileDescriptorTables::FieldsByCamelcaseNamesLazyInitStatic, this);
+  return FindPtrOrNull(fields_by_camelcase_name_,
+                            PointerStringPair(parent, camelcase_name.c_str()));
+}
+
+inline const EnumValueDescriptor* FileDescriptorTables::FindEnumValueByNumber(
+    const EnumDescriptor* parent, int number) const {
+  return FindPtrOrNull(enum_values_by_number_,
+                            std::make_pair(parent, number));
+}
+
+inline const EnumValueDescriptor*
+FileDescriptorTables::FindEnumValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(
+    const EnumDescriptor* parent, int number) const {
+  // First try, with map of compiled-in values.
+  {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* desc = FindPtrOrNull(
+        enum_values_by_number_, std::make_pair(parent, number));
+    if (desc != nullptr) {
+      return desc;
+    }
+  }
+  // Second try, with reader lock held on unknown enum values: common case.
+  {
+    ReaderMutexLock l(&unknown_enum_values_mu_);
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* desc = FindPtrOrNull(
+        unknown_enum_values_by_number_, std::make_pair(parent, number));
+    if (desc != nullptr) {
+      return desc;
+    }
+  }
+  // If not found, try again with writer lock held, and create new descriptor if
+  // necessary.
+  {
+    WriterMutexLock l(&unknown_enum_values_mu_);
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* desc = FindPtrOrNull(
+        unknown_enum_values_by_number_, std::make_pair(parent, number));
+    if (desc != nullptr) {
+      return desc;
+    }
+
+    // Create an EnumValueDescriptor dynamically. We don't insert it into the
+    // EnumDescriptor (it's not a part of the enum as originally defined), but
+    // we do insert it into the table so that we can return the same pointer
+    // later.
+    std::string enum_value_name = StringPrintf("UNKNOWN_ENUM_VALUE_%s_%d",
+                                               parent->name().c_str(), number);
+    DescriptorPool::Tables* tables = const_cast<DescriptorPool::Tables*>(
+        DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->tables_.get());
+    EnumValueDescriptor* result = tables->Allocate<EnumValueDescriptor>();
+    result->name_ = tables->AllocateString(enum_value_name);
+    result->full_name_ =
+        tables->AllocateString(parent->full_name() + "." + enum_value_name);
+    result->number_ = number;
+    result->type_ = parent;
+    result->options_ = &EnumValueOptions::default_instance();
+    InsertIfNotPresent(&unknown_enum_values_by_number_,
+                            std::make_pair(parent, number), result);
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+inline const FieldDescriptor* DescriptorPool::Tables::FindExtension(
+    const Descriptor* extendee, int number) const {
+  return FindPtrOrNull(extensions_, std::make_pair(extendee, number));
+}
+
+inline void DescriptorPool::Tables::FindAllExtensions(
+    const Descriptor* extendee,
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* out) const {
+  ExtensionsGroupedByDescriptorMap::const_iterator it =
+      extensions_.lower_bound(std::make_pair(extendee, 0));
+  for (; it != extensions_.end() && it->first.first == extendee; ++it) {
+    out->push_back(it->second);
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool DescriptorPool::Tables::AddSymbol(const std::string& full_name,
+                                       Symbol symbol) {
+  if (InsertIfNotPresent(&symbols_by_name_, full_name.c_str(), symbol)) {
+    symbols_after_checkpoint_.push_back(full_name.c_str());
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool FileDescriptorTables::AddAliasUnderParent(const void* parent,
+                                               const std::string& name,
+                                               Symbol symbol) {
+  PointerStringPair by_parent_key(parent, name.c_str());
+  return InsertIfNotPresent(&symbols_by_parent_, by_parent_key, symbol);
+}
+
+bool DescriptorPool::Tables::AddFile(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  if (InsertIfNotPresent(&files_by_name_, file->name().c_str(), file)) {
+    files_after_checkpoint_.push_back(file->name().c_str());
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorTables::FinalizeTables() {
+  // Clean up the temporary maps used by AddFieldByStylizedNames().
+  fields_by_lowercase_name_tmp_ = nullptr;
+  fields_by_camelcase_name_tmp_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorTables::AddFieldByStylizedNames(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  const void* parent = FindParentForFieldsByMap(field);
+
+  // We want fields_by_{lower,camel}case_name_ to be lazily built, but
+  // cross-link order determines which entry will be present in the case of a
+  // conflict. So we use the temporary maps that get destroyed after
+  // BuildFileImpl() to detect the conflicts, and only store the conflicts in
+  // the map that will persist. We will then lazily populate the rest of the
+  // entries from fields_by_number_.
+
+  PointerStringPair lowercase_key(parent, field->lowercase_name().c_str());
+  if (!InsertIfNotPresent(fields_by_lowercase_name_tmp_.get(),
+                               lowercase_key, field)) {
+    InsertIfNotPresent(
+        &fields_by_lowercase_name_, lowercase_key,
+        FindPtrOrNull(*fields_by_lowercase_name_tmp_, lowercase_key));
+  }
+
+  PointerStringPair camelcase_key(parent, field->camelcase_name().c_str());
+  if (!InsertIfNotPresent(fields_by_camelcase_name_tmp_.get(),
+                               camelcase_key, field)) {
+    InsertIfNotPresent(
+        &fields_by_camelcase_name_, camelcase_key,
+        FindPtrOrNull(*fields_by_camelcase_name_tmp_, camelcase_key));
+  }
+}
+
+bool FileDescriptorTables::AddFieldByNumber(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  DescriptorIntPair key(field->containing_type(), field->number());
+  return InsertIfNotPresent(&fields_by_number_, key, field);
+}
+
+bool FileDescriptorTables::AddEnumValueByNumber(
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value) {
+  EnumIntPair key(value->type(), value->number());
+  return InsertIfNotPresent(&enum_values_by_number_, key, value);
+}
+
+bool DescriptorPool::Tables::AddExtension(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  DescriptorIntPair key(field->containing_type(), field->number());
+  if (InsertIfNotPresent(&extensions_, key, field)) {
+    extensions_after_checkpoint_.push_back(key);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+template <typename Type>
+Type* DescriptorPool::Tables::Allocate() {
+  return reinterpret_cast<Type*>(AllocateBytes(sizeof(Type)));
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+Type* DescriptorPool::Tables::AllocateArray(int count) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<Type*>(AllocateBytes(sizeof(Type) * count));
+}
+
+std::string* DescriptorPool::Tables::AllocateString(const std::string& value) {
+  std::string* result = new std::string(value);
+  strings_.emplace_back(result);
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string* DescriptorPool::Tables::AllocateEmptyString() {
+  std::string* result = new std::string();
+  strings_.emplace_back(result);
+  return result;
+}
+
+internal::once_flag* DescriptorPool::Tables::AllocateOnceDynamic() {
+  internal::once_flag* result = new internal::once_flag();
+  once_dynamics_.emplace_back(result);
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+Type* DescriptorPool::Tables::AllocateMessage(Type* /* dummy */) {
+  Type* result = new Type;
+  messages_.emplace_back(result);
+  return result;
+}
+
+FileDescriptorTables* DescriptorPool::Tables::AllocateFileTables() {
+  FileDescriptorTables* result = new FileDescriptorTables;
+  file_tables_.emplace_back(result);
+  return result;
+}
+
+void* DescriptorPool::Tables::AllocateBytes(int size) {
+  // TODO(kenton):  Would it be worthwhile to implement this in some more
+  // sophisticated way?  Probably not for the open source release, but for
+  // internal use we could easily plug in one of our existing memory pool
+  // allocators...
+  if (size == 0) return nullptr;
+
+  allocations_.emplace_back(new char[size]);
+  return allocations_.back().get();
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorTables::BuildLocationsByPath(
+    std::pair<const FileDescriptorTables*, const SourceCodeInfo*>* p) {
+  for (int i = 0, len = p->second->location_size(); i < len; ++i) {
+    const SourceCodeInfo_Location* loc = &p->second->location().Get(i);
+    p->first->locations_by_path_[Join(loc->path(), ",")] = loc;
+  }
+}
+
+const SourceCodeInfo_Location* FileDescriptorTables::GetSourceLocation(
+    const std::vector<int>& path, const SourceCodeInfo* info) const {
+  std::pair<const FileDescriptorTables*, const SourceCodeInfo*> p(
+      std::make_pair(this, info));
+  internal::call_once(locations_by_path_once_,
+                      FileDescriptorTables::BuildLocationsByPath, &p);
+  return FindPtrOrNull(locations_by_path_, Join(path, ","));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// DescriptorPool
+
+DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::~ErrorCollector() {}
+
+DescriptorPool::DescriptorPool()
+    : mutex_(nullptr),
+      fallback_database_(nullptr),
+      default_error_collector_(nullptr),
+      underlay_(nullptr),
+      tables_(new Tables),
+      enforce_dependencies_(true),
+      lazily_build_dependencies_(false),
+      allow_unknown_(false),
+      enforce_weak_(false),
+      disallow_enforce_utf8_(false) {}
+
+DescriptorPool::DescriptorPool(DescriptorDatabase* fallback_database,
+                               ErrorCollector* error_collector)
+    : mutex_(new internal::WrappedMutex),
+      fallback_database_(fallback_database),
+      default_error_collector_(error_collector),
+      underlay_(nullptr),
+      tables_(new Tables),
+      enforce_dependencies_(true),
+      lazily_build_dependencies_(false),
+      allow_unknown_(false),
+      enforce_weak_(false),
+      disallow_enforce_utf8_(false) {}
+
+DescriptorPool::DescriptorPool(const DescriptorPool* underlay)
+    : mutex_(nullptr),
+      fallback_database_(nullptr),
+      default_error_collector_(nullptr),
+      underlay_(underlay),
+      tables_(new Tables),
+      enforce_dependencies_(true),
+      lazily_build_dependencies_(false),
+      allow_unknown_(false),
+      enforce_weak_(false),
+      disallow_enforce_utf8_(false) {}
+
+DescriptorPool::~DescriptorPool() {
+  if (mutex_ != nullptr) delete mutex_;
+}
+
+// DescriptorPool::BuildFile() defined later.
+// DescriptorPool::BuildFileCollectingErrors() defined later.
+
+void DescriptorPool::InternalDontEnforceDependencies() {
+  enforce_dependencies_ = false;
+}
+
+void DescriptorPool::AddUnusedImportTrackFile(const std::string& file_name) {
+  unused_import_track_files_.insert(file_name);
+}
+
+void DescriptorPool::ClearUnusedImportTrackFiles() {
+  unused_import_track_files_.clear();
+}
+
+bool DescriptorPool::InternalIsFileLoaded(const std::string& filename) const {
+  MutexLockMaybe lock(mutex_);
+  return tables_->FindFile(filename) != nullptr;
+}
+
+// generated_pool ====================================================
+
+namespace {
+
+
+EncodedDescriptorDatabase* GeneratedDatabase() {
+  static auto generated_database =
+      internal::OnShutdownDelete(new EncodedDescriptorDatabase());
+  return generated_database;
+}
+
+DescriptorPool* NewGeneratedPool() {
+  auto generated_pool = new DescriptorPool(GeneratedDatabase());
+  generated_pool->InternalSetLazilyBuildDependencies();
+  return generated_pool;
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+DescriptorPool* DescriptorPool::internal_generated_pool() {
+  static DescriptorPool* generated_pool =
+      internal::OnShutdownDelete(NewGeneratedPool());
+  return generated_pool;
+}
+
+const DescriptorPool* DescriptorPool::generated_pool() {
+  const DescriptorPool* pool = internal_generated_pool();
+  // Ensure that descriptor.proto has been registered in the generated pool.
+  DescriptorProto::descriptor();
+  return pool;
+}
+
+
+void DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
+    const void* encoded_file_descriptor, int size) {
+  // So, this function is called in the process of initializing the
+  // descriptors for generated proto classes.  Each generated .pb.cc file
+  // has an internal procedure called AddDescriptors() which is called at
+  // process startup, and that function calls this one in order to register
+  // the raw bytes of the FileDescriptorProto representing the file.
+  //
+  // We do not actually construct the descriptor objects right away.  We just
+  // hang on to the bytes until they are actually needed.  We actually construct
+  // the descriptor the first time one of the following things happens:
+  // * Someone calls a method like descriptor(), GetDescriptor(), or
+  //   GetReflection() on the generated types, which requires returning the
+  //   descriptor or an object based on it.
+  // * Someone looks up the descriptor in DescriptorPool::generated_pool().
+  //
+  // Once one of these happens, the DescriptorPool actually parses the
+  // FileDescriptorProto and generates a FileDescriptor (and all its children)
+  // based on it.
+  //
+  // Note that FileDescriptorProto is itself a generated protocol message.
+  // Therefore, when we parse one, we have to be very careful to avoid using
+  // any descriptor-based operations, since this might cause infinite recursion
+  // or deadlock.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(GeneratedDatabase()->Add(encoded_file_descriptor, size));
+}
+
+
+// Find*By* methods ==================================================
+
+// TODO(kenton):  There's a lot of repeated code here, but I'm not sure if
+//   there's any good way to factor it out.  Think about this some time when
+//   there's nothing more important to do (read: never).
+
+const FileDescriptor* DescriptorPool::FindFileByName(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  MutexLockMaybe lock(mutex_);
+  if (fallback_database_ != nullptr) {
+    tables_->known_bad_symbols_.clear();
+    tables_->known_bad_files_.clear();
+  }
+  const FileDescriptor* result = tables_->FindFile(name);
+  if (result != nullptr) return result;
+  if (underlay_ != nullptr) {
+    result = underlay_->FindFileByName(name);
+    if (result != nullptr) return result;
+  }
+  if (TryFindFileInFallbackDatabase(name)) {
+    result = tables_->FindFile(name);
+    if (result != nullptr) return result;
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const FileDescriptor* DescriptorPool::FindFileContainingSymbol(
+    const std::string& symbol_name) const {
+  MutexLockMaybe lock(mutex_);
+  if (fallback_database_ != nullptr) {
+    tables_->known_bad_symbols_.clear();
+    tables_->known_bad_files_.clear();
+  }
+  Symbol result = tables_->FindSymbol(symbol_name);
+  if (!result.IsNull()) return result.GetFile();
+  if (underlay_ != nullptr) {
+    const FileDescriptor* file_result =
+        underlay_->FindFileContainingSymbol(symbol_name);
+    if (file_result != nullptr) return file_result;
+  }
+  if (TryFindSymbolInFallbackDatabase(symbol_name)) {
+    result = tables_->FindSymbol(symbol_name);
+    if (!result.IsNull()) return result.GetFile();
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const Descriptor* DescriptorPool::FindMessageTypeByName(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  Symbol result = tables_->FindByNameHelper(this, name);
+  return (result.type == Symbol::MESSAGE) ? result.descriptor : nullptr;
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* DescriptorPool::FindFieldByName(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  Symbol result = tables_->FindByNameHelper(this, name);
+  if (result.type == Symbol::FIELD &&
+      !result.field_descriptor->is_extension()) {
+    return result.field_descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* DescriptorPool::FindExtensionByName(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  Symbol result = tables_->FindByNameHelper(this, name);
+  if (result.type == Symbol::FIELD && result.field_descriptor->is_extension()) {
+    return result.field_descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const OneofDescriptor* DescriptorPool::FindOneofByName(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  Symbol result = tables_->FindByNameHelper(this, name);
+  return (result.type == Symbol::ONEOF) ? result.oneof_descriptor : nullptr;
+}
+
+const EnumDescriptor* DescriptorPool::FindEnumTypeByName(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  Symbol result = tables_->FindByNameHelper(this, name);
+  return (result.type == Symbol::ENUM) ? result.enum_descriptor : nullptr;
+}
+
+const EnumValueDescriptor* DescriptorPool::FindEnumValueByName(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  Symbol result = tables_->FindByNameHelper(this, name);
+  return (result.type == Symbol::ENUM_VALUE) ? result.enum_value_descriptor
+                                             : nullptr;
+}
+
+const ServiceDescriptor* DescriptorPool::FindServiceByName(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  Symbol result = tables_->FindByNameHelper(this, name);
+  return (result.type == Symbol::SERVICE) ? result.service_descriptor : nullptr;
+}
+
+const MethodDescriptor* DescriptorPool::FindMethodByName(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  Symbol result = tables_->FindByNameHelper(this, name);
+  return (result.type == Symbol::METHOD) ? result.method_descriptor : nullptr;
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* DescriptorPool::FindExtensionByNumber(
+    const Descriptor* extendee, int number) const {
+  if (extendee->extension_range_count() == 0) return nullptr;
+  // A faster path to reduce lock contention in finding extensions, assuming
+  // most extensions will be cache hit.
+  if (mutex_ != nullptr) {
+    ReaderMutexLock lock(mutex_);
+    const FieldDescriptor* result = tables_->FindExtension(extendee, number);
+    if (result != nullptr) {
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+  MutexLockMaybe lock(mutex_);
+  if (fallback_database_ != nullptr) {
+    tables_->known_bad_symbols_.clear();
+    tables_->known_bad_files_.clear();
+  }
+  const FieldDescriptor* result = tables_->FindExtension(extendee, number);
+  if (result != nullptr) {
+    return result;
+  }
+  if (underlay_ != nullptr) {
+    result = underlay_->FindExtensionByNumber(extendee, number);
+    if (result != nullptr) return result;
+  }
+  if (TryFindExtensionInFallbackDatabase(extendee, number)) {
+    result = tables_->FindExtension(extendee, number);
+    if (result != nullptr) {
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* DescriptorPool::InternalFindExtensionByNumberNoLock(
+    const Descriptor* extendee, int number) const {
+  if (extendee->extension_range_count() == 0) return nullptr;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* result = tables_->FindExtension(extendee, number);
+  if (result != nullptr) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  if (underlay_ != nullptr) {
+    result = underlay_->InternalFindExtensionByNumberNoLock(extendee, number);
+    if (result != nullptr) return result;
+  }
+
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* DescriptorPool::FindExtensionByPrintableName(
+    const Descriptor* extendee, const std::string& printable_name) const {
+  if (extendee->extension_range_count() == 0) return nullptr;
+  const FieldDescriptor* result = FindExtensionByName(printable_name);
+  if (result != nullptr && result->containing_type() == extendee) {
+    return result;
+  }
+  if (extendee->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+    // MessageSet extensions may be identified by type name.
+    const Descriptor* type = FindMessageTypeByName(printable_name);
+    if (type != nullptr) {
+      // Look for a matching extension in the foreign type's scope.
+      const int type_extension_count = type->extension_count();
+      for (int i = 0; i < type_extension_count; i++) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* extension = type->extension(i);
+        if (extension->containing_type() == extendee &&
+            extension->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+            extension->is_optional() && extension->message_type() == type) {
+          // Found it.
+          return extension;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void DescriptorPool::FindAllExtensions(
+    const Descriptor* extendee,
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* out) const {
+  MutexLockMaybe lock(mutex_);
+  if (fallback_database_ != nullptr) {
+    tables_->known_bad_symbols_.clear();
+    tables_->known_bad_files_.clear();
+  }
+
+  // Initialize tables_->extensions_ from the fallback database first
+  // (but do this only once per descriptor).
+  if (fallback_database_ != nullptr &&
+      tables_->extensions_loaded_from_db_.count(extendee) == 0) {
+    std::vector<int> numbers;
+    if (fallback_database_->FindAllExtensionNumbers(extendee->full_name(),
+                                                    &numbers)) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < numbers.size(); ++i) {
+        int number = numbers[i];
+        if (tables_->FindExtension(extendee, number) == nullptr) {
+          TryFindExtensionInFallbackDatabase(extendee, number);
+        }
+      }
+      tables_->extensions_loaded_from_db_.insert(extendee);
+    }
+  }
+
+  tables_->FindAllExtensions(extendee, out);
+  if (underlay_ != nullptr) {
+    underlay_->FindAllExtensions(extendee, out);
+  }
+}
+
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const FieldDescriptor* Descriptor::FindFieldByNumber(int key) const {
+  const FieldDescriptor* result = file()->tables_->FindFieldByNumber(this, key);
+  if (result == nullptr || result->is_extension()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  } else {
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* Descriptor::FindFieldByLowercaseName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  const FieldDescriptor* result =
+      file()->tables_->FindFieldByLowercaseName(this, key);
+  if (result == nullptr || result->is_extension()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  } else {
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* Descriptor::FindFieldByCamelcaseName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  const FieldDescriptor* result =
+      file()->tables_->FindFieldByCamelcaseName(this, key);
+  if (result == nullptr || result->is_extension()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  } else {
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* Descriptor::FindFieldByName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  Symbol result =
+      file()->tables_->FindNestedSymbolOfType(this, key, Symbol::FIELD);
+  if (!result.IsNull() && !result.field_descriptor->is_extension()) {
+    return result.field_descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const OneofDescriptor* Descriptor::FindOneofByName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  Symbol result =
+      file()->tables_->FindNestedSymbolOfType(this, key, Symbol::ONEOF);
+  if (!result.IsNull()) {
+    return result.oneof_descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* Descriptor::FindExtensionByName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  Symbol result =
+      file()->tables_->FindNestedSymbolOfType(this, key, Symbol::FIELD);
+  if (!result.IsNull() && result.field_descriptor->is_extension()) {
+    return result.field_descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* Descriptor::FindExtensionByLowercaseName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  const FieldDescriptor* result =
+      file()->tables_->FindFieldByLowercaseName(this, key);
+  if (result == nullptr || !result->is_extension()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  } else {
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* Descriptor::FindExtensionByCamelcaseName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  const FieldDescriptor* result =
+      file()->tables_->FindFieldByCamelcaseName(this, key);
+  if (result == nullptr || !result->is_extension()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  } else {
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+const Descriptor* Descriptor::FindNestedTypeByName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  Symbol result =
+      file()->tables_->FindNestedSymbolOfType(this, key, Symbol::MESSAGE);
+  if (!result.IsNull()) {
+    return result.descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const EnumDescriptor* Descriptor::FindEnumTypeByName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  Symbol result =
+      file()->tables_->FindNestedSymbolOfType(this, key, Symbol::ENUM);
+  if (!result.IsNull()) {
+    return result.enum_descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const EnumValueDescriptor* Descriptor::FindEnumValueByName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  Symbol result =
+      file()->tables_->FindNestedSymbolOfType(this, key, Symbol::ENUM_VALUE);
+  if (!result.IsNull()) {
+    return result.enum_value_descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const EnumValueDescriptor* EnumDescriptor::FindValueByName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  Symbol result =
+      file()->tables_->FindNestedSymbolOfType(this, key, Symbol::ENUM_VALUE);
+  if (!result.IsNull()) {
+    return result.enum_value_descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const EnumValueDescriptor* EnumDescriptor::FindValueByNumber(int key) const {
+  return file()->tables_->FindEnumValueByNumber(this, key);
+}
+
+const EnumValueDescriptor* EnumDescriptor::FindValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(
+    int key) const {
+  return file()->tables_->FindEnumValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(this, key);
+}
+
+const MethodDescriptor* ServiceDescriptor::FindMethodByName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  Symbol result =
+      file()->tables_->FindNestedSymbolOfType(this, key, Symbol::METHOD);
+  if (!result.IsNull()) {
+    return result.method_descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const Descriptor* FileDescriptor::FindMessageTypeByName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  Symbol result = tables_->FindNestedSymbolOfType(this, key, Symbol::MESSAGE);
+  if (!result.IsNull()) {
+    return result.descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const EnumDescriptor* FileDescriptor::FindEnumTypeByName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  Symbol result = tables_->FindNestedSymbolOfType(this, key, Symbol::ENUM);
+  if (!result.IsNull()) {
+    return result.enum_descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const EnumValueDescriptor* FileDescriptor::FindEnumValueByName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  Symbol result =
+      tables_->FindNestedSymbolOfType(this, key, Symbol::ENUM_VALUE);
+  if (!result.IsNull()) {
+    return result.enum_value_descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const ServiceDescriptor* FileDescriptor::FindServiceByName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  Symbol result = tables_->FindNestedSymbolOfType(this, key, Symbol::SERVICE);
+  if (!result.IsNull()) {
+    return result.service_descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* FileDescriptor::FindExtensionByName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  Symbol result = tables_->FindNestedSymbolOfType(this, key, Symbol::FIELD);
+  if (!result.IsNull() && result.field_descriptor->is_extension()) {
+    return result.field_descriptor;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* FileDescriptor::FindExtensionByLowercaseName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  const FieldDescriptor* result = tables_->FindFieldByLowercaseName(this, key);
+  if (result == nullptr || !result->is_extension()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  } else {
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* FileDescriptor::FindExtensionByCamelcaseName(
+    const std::string& key) const {
+  const FieldDescriptor* result = tables_->FindFieldByCamelcaseName(this, key);
+  if (result == nullptr || !result->is_extension()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  } else {
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+void Descriptor::ExtensionRange::CopyTo(
+    DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* proto) const {
+  proto->set_start(this->start);
+  proto->set_end(this->end);
+  if (options_ != &ExtensionRangeOptions::default_instance()) {
+    *proto->mutable_options() = *options_;
+  }
+}
+
+const Descriptor::ExtensionRange*
+Descriptor::FindExtensionRangeContainingNumber(int number) const {
+  // Linear search should be fine because we don't expect a message to have
+  // more than a couple extension ranges.
+  for (int i = 0; i < extension_range_count(); i++) {
+    if (number >= extension_range(i)->start &&
+        number < extension_range(i)->end) {
+      return extension_range(i);
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const Descriptor::ReservedRange* Descriptor::FindReservedRangeContainingNumber(
+    int number) const {
+  // TODO(chrisn): Consider a non-linear search.
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_range_count(); i++) {
+    if (number >= reserved_range(i)->start && number < reserved_range(i)->end) {
+      return reserved_range(i);
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const EnumDescriptor::ReservedRange*
+EnumDescriptor::FindReservedRangeContainingNumber(int number) const {
+  // TODO(chrisn): Consider a non-linear search.
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_range_count(); i++) {
+    if (number >= reserved_range(i)->start &&
+        number <= reserved_range(i)->end) {
+      return reserved_range(i);
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool DescriptorPool::TryFindFileInFallbackDatabase(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  if (fallback_database_ == nullptr) return false;
+
+  if (tables_->known_bad_files_.count(name) > 0) return false;
+
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  if (!fallback_database_->FindFileByName(name, &file_proto) ||
+      BuildFileFromDatabase(file_proto) == nullptr) {
+    tables_->known_bad_files_.insert(name);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DescriptorPool::IsSubSymbolOfBuiltType(const std::string& name) const {
+  std::string prefix = name;
+  for (;;) {
+    std::string::size_type dot_pos = prefix.find_last_of('.');
+    if (dot_pos == std::string::npos) {
+      break;
+    }
+    prefix = prefix.substr(0, dot_pos);
+    Symbol symbol = tables_->FindSymbol(prefix);
+    // If the symbol type is anything other than PACKAGE, then its complete
+    // definition is already known.
+    if (!symbol.IsNull() && symbol.type != Symbol::PACKAGE) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  if (underlay_ != nullptr) {
+    // Check to see if any prefix of this symbol exists in the underlay.
+    return underlay_->IsSubSymbolOfBuiltType(name);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool DescriptorPool::TryFindSymbolInFallbackDatabase(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  if (fallback_database_ == nullptr) return false;
+
+  if (tables_->known_bad_symbols_.count(name) > 0) return false;
+
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  if (  // We skip looking in the fallback database if the name is a sub-symbol
+        // of any descriptor that already exists in the descriptor pool (except
+        // for package descriptors).  This is valid because all symbols except
+        // for packages are defined in a single file, so if the symbol exists
+        // then we should already have its definition.
+        //
+        // The other reason to do this is to support "overriding" type
+        // definitions by merging two databases that define the same type. (Yes,
+        // people do this.)  The main difficulty with making this work is that
+        // FindFileContainingSymbol() is allowed to return both false positives
+        // (e.g., SimpleDescriptorDatabase, UpgradedDescriptorDatabase) and
+        // false negatives (e.g. ProtoFileParser, SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase).
+        // When two such databases are merged, looking up a non-existent
+        // sub-symbol of a type that already exists in the descriptor pool can
+        // result in an attempt to load multiple definitions of the same type.
+        // The check below avoids this.
+      IsSubSymbolOfBuiltType(name)
+
+      // Look up file containing this symbol in fallback database.
+      || !fallback_database_->FindFileContainingSymbol(name, &file_proto)
+
+      // Check if we've already built this file. If so, it apparently doesn't
+      // contain the symbol we're looking for.  Some DescriptorDatabases
+      // return false positives.
+      || tables_->FindFile(file_proto.name()) != nullptr
+
+      // Build the file.
+      || BuildFileFromDatabase(file_proto) == nullptr) {
+    tables_->known_bad_symbols_.insert(name);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DescriptorPool::TryFindExtensionInFallbackDatabase(
+    const Descriptor* containing_type, int field_number) const {
+  if (fallback_database_ == nullptr) return false;
+
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  if (!fallback_database_->FindFileContainingExtension(
+          containing_type->full_name(), field_number, &file_proto)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (tables_->FindFile(file_proto.name()) != nullptr) {
+    // We've already loaded this file, and it apparently doesn't contain the
+    // extension we're looking for.  Some DescriptorDatabases return false
+    // positives.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (BuildFileFromDatabase(file_proto) == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+bool FieldDescriptor::is_map_message_type() const {
+  return message_type_->options().map_entry();
+}
+
+std::string FieldDescriptor::DefaultValueAsString(
+    bool quote_string_type) const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(has_default_value()) << "No default value";
+  switch (cpp_type()) {
+    case CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return StrCat(default_value_int32());
+      break;
+    case CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return StrCat(default_value_int64());
+      break;
+    case CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return StrCat(default_value_uint32());
+      break;
+    case CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return StrCat(default_value_uint64());
+      break;
+    case CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return SimpleFtoa(default_value_float());
+      break;
+    case CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return SimpleDtoa(default_value_double());
+      break;
+    case CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return default_value_bool() ? "true" : "false";
+      break;
+    case CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      if (quote_string_type) {
+        return "\"" + CEscape(default_value_string()) + "\"";
+      } else {
+        if (type() == TYPE_BYTES) {
+          return CEscape(default_value_string());
+        } else {
+          return default_value_string();
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    case CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return default_value_enum()->name();
+      break;
+    case CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Messages can't have default values!";
+      break;
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here: failed to get default value as string";
+  return "";
+}
+
+// CopyTo methods ====================================================
+
+void FileDescriptor::CopyTo(FileDescriptorProto* proto) const {
+  proto->set_name(name());
+  if (!package().empty()) proto->set_package(package());
+  // TODO(liujisi): Also populate when syntax="proto2".
+  if (syntax() == SYNTAX_PROTO3) proto->set_syntax(SyntaxName(syntax()));
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < dependency_count(); i++) {
+    proto->add_dependency(dependency(i)->name());
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < public_dependency_count(); i++) {
+    proto->add_public_dependency(public_dependencies_[i]);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < weak_dependency_count(); i++) {
+    proto->add_weak_dependency(weak_dependencies_[i]);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_type_count(); i++) {
+    message_type(i)->CopyTo(proto->add_message_type());
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    enum_type(i)->CopyTo(proto->add_enum_type());
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < service_count(); i++) {
+    service(i)->CopyTo(proto->add_service());
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension(i)->CopyTo(proto->add_extension());
+  }
+
+  if (&options() != &FileOptions::default_instance()) {
+    proto->mutable_options()->CopyFrom(options());
+  }
+}
+
+void FileDescriptor::CopyJsonNameTo(FileDescriptorProto* proto) const {
+  if (message_type_count() != proto->message_type_size() ||
+      extension_count() != proto->extension_size()) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot copy json_name to a proto of a different size.";
+    return;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_type_count(); i++) {
+    message_type(i)->CopyJsonNameTo(proto->mutable_message_type(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension(i)->CopyJsonNameTo(proto->mutable_extension(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void FileDescriptor::CopySourceCodeInfoTo(FileDescriptorProto* proto) const {
+  if (source_code_info_ &&
+      source_code_info_ != &SourceCodeInfo::default_instance()) {
+    proto->mutable_source_code_info()->CopyFrom(*source_code_info_);
+  }
+}
+
+void Descriptor::CopyTo(DescriptorProto* proto) const {
+  proto->set_name(name());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < field_count(); i++) {
+    field(i)->CopyTo(proto->add_field());
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    oneof_decl(i)->CopyTo(proto->add_oneof_decl());
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    nested_type(i)->CopyTo(proto->add_nested_type());
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    enum_type(i)->CopyTo(proto->add_enum_type());
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < extension_range_count(); i++) {
+    extension_range(i)->CopyTo(proto->add_extension_range());
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension(i)->CopyTo(proto->add_extension());
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_range_count(); i++) {
+    DescriptorProto::ReservedRange* range = proto->add_reserved_range();
+    range->set_start(reserved_range(i)->start);
+    range->set_end(reserved_range(i)->end);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_name_count(); i++) {
+    proto->add_reserved_name(reserved_name(i));
+  }
+
+  if (&options() != &MessageOptions::default_instance()) {
+    proto->mutable_options()->CopyFrom(options());
+  }
+}
+
+void Descriptor::CopyJsonNameTo(DescriptorProto* proto) const {
+  if (field_count() != proto->field_size() ||
+      nested_type_count() != proto->nested_type_size() ||
+      extension_count() != proto->extension_size()) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot copy json_name to a proto of a different size.";
+    return;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < field_count(); i++) {
+    field(i)->CopyJsonNameTo(proto->mutable_field(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    nested_type(i)->CopyJsonNameTo(proto->mutable_nested_type(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension(i)->CopyJsonNameTo(proto->mutable_extension(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptor::CopyTo(FieldDescriptorProto* proto) const {
+  proto->set_name(name());
+  proto->set_number(number());
+  if (has_json_name_) {
+    proto->set_json_name(json_name());
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers do not allow static_cast directly between two enum types,
+  // so we must cast to int first.
+  proto->set_label(static_cast<FieldDescriptorProto::Label>(
+      implicit_cast<int>(label())));
+  proto->set_type(static_cast<FieldDescriptorProto::Type>(
+      implicit_cast<int>(type())));
+
+  if (is_extension()) {
+    if (!containing_type()->is_unqualified_placeholder_) {
+      proto->set_extendee(".");
+    }
+    proto->mutable_extendee()->append(containing_type()->full_name());
+  }
+
+  if (cpp_type() == CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    if (message_type()->is_placeholder_) {
+      // We don't actually know if the type is a message type.  It could be
+      // an enum.
+      proto->clear_type();
+    }
+
+    if (!message_type()->is_unqualified_placeholder_) {
+      proto->set_type_name(".");
+    }
+    proto->mutable_type_name()->append(message_type()->full_name());
+  } else if (cpp_type() == CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
+    if (!enum_type()->is_unqualified_placeholder_) {
+      proto->set_type_name(".");
+    }
+    proto->mutable_type_name()->append(enum_type()->full_name());
+  }
+
+  if (has_default_value()) {
+    proto->set_default_value(DefaultValueAsString(false));
+  }
+
+  if (containing_oneof() != nullptr && !is_extension()) {
+    proto->set_oneof_index(containing_oneof()->index());
+  }
+
+  if (&options() != &FieldOptions::default_instance()) {
+    proto->mutable_options()->CopyFrom(options());
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptor::CopyJsonNameTo(FieldDescriptorProto* proto) const {
+  proto->set_json_name(json_name());
+}
+
+void OneofDescriptor::CopyTo(OneofDescriptorProto* proto) const {
+  proto->set_name(name());
+  if (&options() != &OneofOptions::default_instance()) {
+    proto->mutable_options()->CopyFrom(options());
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptor::CopyTo(EnumDescriptorProto* proto) const {
+  proto->set_name(name());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < value_count(); i++) {
+    value(i)->CopyTo(proto->add_value());
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_range_count(); i++) {
+    EnumDescriptorProto::EnumReservedRange* range = proto->add_reserved_range();
+    range->set_start(reserved_range(i)->start);
+    range->set_end(reserved_range(i)->end);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_name_count(); i++) {
+    proto->add_reserved_name(reserved_name(i));
+  }
+
+  if (&options() != &EnumOptions::default_instance()) {
+    proto->mutable_options()->CopyFrom(options());
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumValueDescriptor::CopyTo(EnumValueDescriptorProto* proto) const {
+  proto->set_name(name());
+  proto->set_number(number());
+
+  if (&options() != &EnumValueOptions::default_instance()) {
+    proto->mutable_options()->CopyFrom(options());
+  }
+}
+
+void ServiceDescriptor::CopyTo(ServiceDescriptorProto* proto) const {
+  proto->set_name(name());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < method_count(); i++) {
+    method(i)->CopyTo(proto->add_method());
+  }
+
+  if (&options() != &ServiceOptions::default_instance()) {
+    proto->mutable_options()->CopyFrom(options());
+  }
+}
+
+void MethodDescriptor::CopyTo(MethodDescriptorProto* proto) const {
+  proto->set_name(name());
+
+  if (!input_type()->is_unqualified_placeholder_) {
+    proto->set_input_type(".");
+  }
+  proto->mutable_input_type()->append(input_type()->full_name());
+
+  if (!output_type()->is_unqualified_placeholder_) {
+    proto->set_output_type(".");
+  }
+  proto->mutable_output_type()->append(output_type()->full_name());
+
+  if (&options() != &MethodOptions::default_instance()) {
+    proto->mutable_options()->CopyFrom(options());
+  }
+
+  if (client_streaming_) {
+    proto->set_client_streaming(true);
+  }
+  if (server_streaming_) {
+    proto->set_server_streaming(true);
+  }
+}
+
+// DebugString methods ===============================================
+
+namespace {
+
+bool RetrieveOptionsAssumingRightPool(
+    int depth, const Message& options,
+    std::vector<std::string>* option_entries) {
+  option_entries->clear();
+  const Reflection* reflection = options.GetReflection();
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  reflection->ListFields(options, &fields);
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+    int count = 1;
+    bool repeated = false;
+    if (fields[i]->is_repeated()) {
+      count = reflection->FieldSize(options, fields[i]);
+      repeated = true;
+    }
+    for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
+      std::string fieldval;
+      if (fields[i]->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+        std::string tmp;
+        TextFormat::Printer printer;
+        printer.SetInitialIndentLevel(depth + 1);
+        printer.PrintFieldValueToString(options, fields[i], repeated ? j : -1,
+                                        &tmp);
+        fieldval.append("{\n");
+        fieldval.append(tmp);
+        fieldval.append(depth * 2, ' ');
+        fieldval.append("}");
+      } else {
+        TextFormat::PrintFieldValueToString(options, fields[i],
+                                            repeated ? j : -1, &fieldval);
+      }
+      std::string name;
+      if (fields[i]->is_extension()) {
+        name = "(." + fields[i]->full_name() + ")";
+      } else {
+        name = fields[i]->name();
+      }
+      option_entries->push_back(name + " = " + fieldval);
+    }
+  }
+  return !option_entries->empty();
+}
+
+// Used by each of the option formatters.
+bool RetrieveOptions(int depth, const Message& options,
+                     const DescriptorPool* pool,
+                     std::vector<std::string>* option_entries) {
+  // When printing custom options for a descriptor, we must use an options
+  // message built on top of the same DescriptorPool where the descriptor
+  // is coming from. This is to ensure we are interpreting custom options
+  // against the right pool.
+  if (options.GetDescriptor()->file()->pool() == pool) {
+    return RetrieveOptionsAssumingRightPool(depth, options, option_entries);
+  } else {
+    const Descriptor* option_descriptor =
+        pool->FindMessageTypeByName(options.GetDescriptor()->full_name());
+    if (option_descriptor == nullptr) {
+      // descriptor.proto is not in the pool. This means no custom options are
+      // used so we are safe to proceed with the compiled options message type.
+      return RetrieveOptionsAssumingRightPool(depth, options, option_entries);
+    }
+    DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+    std::unique_ptr<Message> dynamic_options(
+        factory.GetPrototype(option_descriptor)->New());
+    if (dynamic_options->ParseFromString(options.SerializeAsString())) {
+      return RetrieveOptionsAssumingRightPool(depth, *dynamic_options,
+                                              option_entries);
+    } else {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Found invalid proto option data for: "
+                 << options.GetDescriptor()->full_name();
+      return RetrieveOptionsAssumingRightPool(depth, options, option_entries);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Formats options that all appear together in brackets. Does not include
+// brackets.
+bool FormatBracketedOptions(int depth, const Message& options,
+                            const DescriptorPool* pool, std::string* output) {
+  std::vector<std::string> all_options;
+  if (RetrieveOptions(depth, options, pool, &all_options)) {
+    output->append(Join(all_options, ", "));
+  }
+  return !all_options.empty();
+}
+
+// Formats options one per line
+bool FormatLineOptions(int depth, const Message& options,
+                       const DescriptorPool* pool, std::string* output) {
+  std::string prefix(depth * 2, ' ');
+  std::vector<std::string> all_options;
+  if (RetrieveOptions(depth, options, pool, &all_options)) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < all_options.size(); i++) {
+      strings::SubstituteAndAppend(output, "$0option $1;\n", prefix,
+                                   all_options[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  return !all_options.empty();
+}
+
+class SourceLocationCommentPrinter {
+ public:
+  template <typename DescType>
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter(const DescType* desc, const std::string& prefix,
+                               const DebugStringOptions& options)
+      : options_(options), prefix_(prefix) {
+    // Perform the SourceLocation lookup only if we're including user comments,
+    // because the lookup is fairly expensive.
+    have_source_loc_ =
+        options.include_comments && desc->GetSourceLocation(&source_loc_);
+  }
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                               const std::vector<int>& path,
+                               const std::string& prefix,
+                               const DebugStringOptions& options)
+      : options_(options), prefix_(prefix) {
+    // Perform the SourceLocation lookup only if we're including user comments,
+    // because the lookup is fairly expensive.
+    have_source_loc_ =
+        options.include_comments && file->GetSourceLocation(path, &source_loc_);
+  }
+  void AddPreComment(std::string* output) {
+    if (have_source_loc_) {
+      // Detached leading comments.
+      for (int i = 0; i < source_loc_.leading_detached_comments.size(); ++i) {
+        *output += FormatComment(source_loc_.leading_detached_comments[i]);
+        *output += "\n";
+      }
+      // Attached leading comments.
+      if (!source_loc_.leading_comments.empty()) {
+        *output += FormatComment(source_loc_.leading_comments);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  void AddPostComment(std::string* output) {
+    if (have_source_loc_ && source_loc_.trailing_comments.size() > 0) {
+      *output += FormatComment(source_loc_.trailing_comments);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Format comment such that each line becomes a full-line C++-style comment in
+  // the DebugString() output.
+  std::string FormatComment(const std::string& comment_text) {
+    std::string stripped_comment = comment_text;
+    StripWhitespace(&stripped_comment);
+    std::vector<std::string> lines = Split(stripped_comment, "\n");
+    std::string output;
+    for (int i = 0; i < lines.size(); ++i) {
+      const std::string& line = lines[i];
+      strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&output, "$0// $1\n", prefix_, line);
+    }
+    return output;
+  }
+
+ private:
+
+  bool have_source_loc_;
+  SourceLocation source_loc_;
+  DebugStringOptions options_;
+  std::string prefix_;
+};
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+std::string FileDescriptor::DebugString() const {
+  DebugStringOptions options;  // default options
+  return DebugStringWithOptions(options);
+}
+
+std::string FileDescriptor::DebugStringWithOptions(
+    const DebugStringOptions& debug_string_options) const {
+  std::string contents;
+  {
+    std::vector<int> path;
+    path.push_back(FileDescriptorProto::kSyntaxFieldNumber);
+    SourceLocationCommentPrinter syntax_comment(this, path, "",
+                                                debug_string_options);
+    syntax_comment.AddPreComment(&contents);
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&contents, "syntax = \"$0\";\n\n",
+                                 SyntaxName(syntax()));
+    syntax_comment.AddPostComment(&contents);
+  }
+
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter comment_printer(this, "", debug_string_options);
+  comment_printer.AddPreComment(&contents);
+
+  std::set<int> public_dependencies;
+  std::set<int> weak_dependencies;
+  public_dependencies.insert(public_dependencies_,
+                             public_dependencies_ + public_dependency_count_);
+  weak_dependencies.insert(weak_dependencies_,
+                           weak_dependencies_ + weak_dependency_count_);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < dependency_count(); i++) {
+    if (public_dependencies.count(i) > 0) {
+      strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&contents, "import public \"$0\";\n",
+                                   dependency(i)->name());
+    } else if (weak_dependencies.count(i) > 0) {
+      strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&contents, "import weak \"$0\";\n",
+                                   dependency(i)->name());
+    } else {
+      strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&contents, "import \"$0\";\n",
+                                   dependency(i)->name());
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!package().empty()) {
+    std::vector<int> path;
+    path.push_back(FileDescriptorProto::kPackageFieldNumber);
+    SourceLocationCommentPrinter package_comment(this, path, "",
+                                                 debug_string_options);
+    package_comment.AddPreComment(&contents);
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&contents, "package $0;\n\n", package());
+    package_comment.AddPostComment(&contents);
+  }
+
+  if (FormatLineOptions(0, options(), pool(), &contents)) {
+    contents.append("\n");  // add some space if we had options
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    enum_type(i)->DebugString(0, &contents, debug_string_options);
+    contents.append("\n");
+  }
+
+  // Find all the 'group' type extensions; we will not output their nested
+  // definitions (those will be done with their group field descriptor).
+  std::set<const Descriptor*> groups;
+  for (int i = 0; i < extension_count(); i++) {
+    if (extension(i)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+      groups.insert(extension(i)->message_type());
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (groups.count(message_type(i)) == 0) {
+      message_type(i)->DebugString(0, &contents, debug_string_options,
+                                   /* include_opening_clause */ true);
+      contents.append("\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < service_count(); i++) {
+    service(i)->DebugString(&contents, debug_string_options);
+    contents.append("\n");
+  }
+
+  const Descriptor* containing_type = nullptr;
+  for (int i = 0; i < extension_count(); i++) {
+    if (extension(i)->containing_type() != containing_type) {
+      if (i > 0) contents.append("}\n\n");
+      containing_type = extension(i)->containing_type();
+      strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&contents, "extend .$0 {\n",
+                                   containing_type->full_name());
+    }
+    extension(i)->DebugString(1, FieldDescriptor::PRINT_LABEL, &contents,
+                              debug_string_options);
+  }
+  if (extension_count() > 0) contents.append("}\n\n");
+
+  comment_printer.AddPostComment(&contents);
+
+  return contents;
+}
+
+std::string Descriptor::DebugString() const {
+  DebugStringOptions options;  // default options
+  return DebugStringWithOptions(options);
+}
+
+std::string Descriptor::DebugStringWithOptions(
+    const DebugStringOptions& options) const {
+  std::string contents;
+  DebugString(0, &contents, options, /* include_opening_clause */ true);
+  return contents;
+}
+
+void Descriptor::DebugString(int depth, std::string* contents,
+                             const DebugStringOptions& debug_string_options,
+                             bool include_opening_clause) const {
+  if (options().map_entry()) {
+    // Do not generate debug string for auto-generated map-entry type.
+    return;
+  }
+  std::string prefix(depth * 2, ' ');
+  ++depth;
+
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter comment_printer(this, prefix,
+                                               debug_string_options);
+  comment_printer.AddPreComment(contents);
+
+  if (include_opening_clause) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0message $1", prefix, name());
+  }
+  contents->append(" {\n");
+
+  FormatLineOptions(depth, options(), file()->pool(), contents);
+
+  // Find all the 'group' types for fields and extensions; we will not output
+  // their nested definitions (those will be done with their group field
+  // descriptor).
+  std::set<const Descriptor*> groups;
+  for (int i = 0; i < field_count(); i++) {
+    if (field(i)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+      groups.insert(field(i)->message_type());
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < extension_count(); i++) {
+    if (extension(i)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+      groups.insert(extension(i)->message_type());
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (groups.count(nested_type(i)) == 0) {
+      nested_type(i)->DebugString(depth, contents, debug_string_options,
+                                  /* include_opening_clause */ true);
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    enum_type(i)->DebugString(depth, contents, debug_string_options);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < field_count(); i++) {
+    if (field(i)->containing_oneof() == nullptr) {
+      field(i)->DebugString(depth, FieldDescriptor::PRINT_LABEL, contents,
+                            debug_string_options);
+    } else if (field(i)->containing_oneof()->field(0) == field(i)) {
+      // This is the first field in this oneof, so print the whole oneof.
+      field(i)->containing_oneof()->DebugString(depth, contents,
+                                                debug_string_options);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < extension_range_count(); i++) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0  extensions $1 to $2;\n", prefix,
+                                 extension_range(i)->start,
+                                 extension_range(i)->end - 1);
+  }
+
+  // Group extensions by what they extend, so they can be printed out together.
+  const Descriptor* containing_type = nullptr;
+  for (int i = 0; i < extension_count(); i++) {
+    if (extension(i)->containing_type() != containing_type) {
+      if (i > 0) strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0  }\n", prefix);
+      containing_type = extension(i)->containing_type();
+      strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0  extend .$1 {\n", prefix,
+                                   containing_type->full_name());
+    }
+    extension(i)->DebugString(depth + 1, FieldDescriptor::PRINT_LABEL, contents,
+                              debug_string_options);
+  }
+  if (extension_count() > 0)
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0  }\n", prefix);
+
+  if (reserved_range_count() > 0) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0  reserved ", prefix);
+    for (int i = 0; i < reserved_range_count(); i++) {
+      const Descriptor::ReservedRange* range = reserved_range(i);
+      if (range->end == range->start + 1) {
+        strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0, ", range->start);
+      } else {
+        strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0 to $1, ", range->start,
+                                     range->end - 1);
+      }
+    }
+    contents->replace(contents->size() - 2, 2, ";\n");
+  }
+
+  if (reserved_name_count() > 0) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0  reserved ", prefix);
+    for (int i = 0; i < reserved_name_count(); i++) {
+      strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "\"$0\", ",
+                                   CEscape(reserved_name(i)));
+    }
+    contents->replace(contents->size() - 2, 2, ";\n");
+  }
+
+  strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0}\n", prefix);
+  comment_printer.AddPostComment(contents);
+}
+
+std::string FieldDescriptor::DebugString() const {
+  DebugStringOptions options;  // default options
+  return DebugStringWithOptions(options);
+}
+
+std::string FieldDescriptor::DebugStringWithOptions(
+    const DebugStringOptions& debug_string_options) const {
+  std::string contents;
+  int depth = 0;
+  if (is_extension()) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&contents, "extend .$0 {\n",
+                                 containing_type()->full_name());
+    depth = 1;
+  }
+  DebugString(depth, PRINT_LABEL, &contents, debug_string_options);
+  if (is_extension()) {
+    contents.append("}\n");
+  }
+  return contents;
+}
+
+// The field type string used in FieldDescriptor::DebugString()
+std::string FieldDescriptor::FieldTypeNameDebugString() const {
+  switch (type()) {
+    case TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "." + message_type()->full_name();
+    case TYPE_ENUM:
+      return "." + enum_type()->full_name();
+    default:
+      return kTypeToName[type()];
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptor::DebugString(
+    int depth, PrintLabelFlag print_label_flag, std::string* contents,
+    const DebugStringOptions& debug_string_options) const {
+  std::string prefix(depth * 2, ' ');
+  std::string field_type;
+
+  // Special case map fields.
+  if (is_map()) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(
+        &field_type, "map<$0, $1>",
+        message_type()->field(0)->FieldTypeNameDebugString(),
+        message_type()->field(1)->FieldTypeNameDebugString());
+  } else {
+    field_type = FieldTypeNameDebugString();
+  }
+
+  bool print_label = true;
+  // Determine whether to omit label:
+  //   1. For an optional field, omit label if it's in oneof or in proto3.
+  //   2. For a repeated field, omit label if it's a map.
+  if (is_optional() && (print_label_flag == OMIT_LABEL ||
+                        file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3)) {
+    print_label = false;
+  } else if (is_map()) {
+    print_label = false;
+  }
+  std::string label;
+  if (print_label) {
+    label = kLabelToName[this->label()];
+    label.push_back(' ');
+  }
+
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter comment_printer(this, prefix,
+                                               debug_string_options);
+  comment_printer.AddPreComment(contents);
+
+  strings::SubstituteAndAppend(
+      contents, "$0$1$2 $3 = $4", prefix, label, field_type,
+      type() == TYPE_GROUP ? message_type()->name() : name(), number());
+
+  bool bracketed = false;
+  if (has_default_value()) {
+    bracketed = true;
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, " [default = $0",
+                                 DefaultValueAsString(true));
+  }
+  if (has_json_name_) {
+    if (!bracketed) {
+      bracketed = true;
+      contents->append("[");
+    } else {
+      contents->append(", ");
+    }
+    contents->append("json_name = \"");
+    contents->append(CEscape(json_name()));
+    contents->append("\"");
+  }
+
+  std::string formatted_options;
+  if (FormatBracketedOptions(depth, options(), file()->pool(),
+                             &formatted_options)) {
+    contents->append(bracketed ? ", " : " [");
+    bracketed = true;
+    contents->append(formatted_options);
+  }
+
+  if (bracketed) {
+    contents->append("]");
+  }
+
+  if (type() == TYPE_GROUP) {
+    if (debug_string_options.elide_group_body) {
+      contents->append(" { ... };\n");
+    } else {
+      message_type()->DebugString(depth, contents, debug_string_options,
+                                  /* include_opening_clause */ false);
+    }
+  } else {
+    contents->append(";\n");
+  }
+
+  comment_printer.AddPostComment(contents);
+}
+
+std::string OneofDescriptor::DebugString() const {
+  DebugStringOptions options;  // default values
+  return DebugStringWithOptions(options);
+}
+
+std::string OneofDescriptor::DebugStringWithOptions(
+    const DebugStringOptions& options) const {
+  std::string contents;
+  DebugString(0, &contents, options);
+  return contents;
+}
+
+void OneofDescriptor::DebugString(
+    int depth, std::string* contents,
+    const DebugStringOptions& debug_string_options) const {
+  std::string prefix(depth * 2, ' ');
+  ++depth;
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter comment_printer(this, prefix,
+                                               debug_string_options);
+  comment_printer.AddPreComment(contents);
+  strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0oneof $1 {", prefix, name());
+
+  FormatLineOptions(depth, options(), containing_type()->file()->pool(),
+                    contents);
+
+  if (debug_string_options.elide_oneof_body) {
+    contents->append(" ... }\n");
+  } else {
+    contents->append("\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i < field_count(); i++) {
+      field(i)->DebugString(depth, FieldDescriptor::OMIT_LABEL, contents,
+                            debug_string_options);
+    }
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0}\n", prefix);
+  }
+  comment_printer.AddPostComment(contents);
+}
+
+std::string EnumDescriptor::DebugString() const {
+  DebugStringOptions options;  // default values
+  return DebugStringWithOptions(options);
+}
+
+std::string EnumDescriptor::DebugStringWithOptions(
+    const DebugStringOptions& options) const {
+  std::string contents;
+  DebugString(0, &contents, options);
+  return contents;
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptor::DebugString(
+    int depth, std::string* contents,
+    const DebugStringOptions& debug_string_options) const {
+  std::string prefix(depth * 2, ' ');
+  ++depth;
+
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter comment_printer(this, prefix,
+                                               debug_string_options);
+  comment_printer.AddPreComment(contents);
+
+  strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0enum $1 {\n", prefix, name());
+
+  FormatLineOptions(depth, options(), file()->pool(), contents);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < value_count(); i++) {
+    value(i)->DebugString(depth, contents, debug_string_options);
+  }
+
+  if (reserved_range_count() > 0) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0  reserved ", prefix);
+    for (int i = 0; i < reserved_range_count(); i++) {
+      const EnumDescriptor::ReservedRange* range = reserved_range(i);
+      if (range->end == range->start) {
+        strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0, ", range->start);
+      } else {
+        strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0 to $1, ", range->start,
+                                     range->end);
+      }
+    }
+    contents->replace(contents->size() - 2, 2, ";\n");
+  }
+
+  if (reserved_name_count() > 0) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0  reserved ", prefix);
+    for (int i = 0; i < reserved_name_count(); i++) {
+      strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "\"$0\", ",
+                                   CEscape(reserved_name(i)));
+    }
+    contents->replace(contents->size() - 2, 2, ";\n");
+  }
+
+  strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0}\n", prefix);
+
+  comment_printer.AddPostComment(contents);
+}
+
+std::string EnumValueDescriptor::DebugString() const {
+  DebugStringOptions options;  // default values
+  return DebugStringWithOptions(options);
+}
+
+std::string EnumValueDescriptor::DebugStringWithOptions(
+    const DebugStringOptions& options) const {
+  std::string contents;
+  DebugString(0, &contents, options);
+  return contents;
+}
+
+void EnumValueDescriptor::DebugString(
+    int depth, std::string* contents,
+    const DebugStringOptions& debug_string_options) const {
+  std::string prefix(depth * 2, ' ');
+
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter comment_printer(this, prefix,
+                                               debug_string_options);
+  comment_printer.AddPreComment(contents);
+
+  strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0$1 = $2", prefix, name(), number());
+
+  std::string formatted_options;
+  if (FormatBracketedOptions(depth, options(), type()->file()->pool(),
+                             &formatted_options)) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, " [$0]", formatted_options);
+  }
+  contents->append(";\n");
+
+  comment_printer.AddPostComment(contents);
+}
+
+std::string ServiceDescriptor::DebugString() const {
+  DebugStringOptions options;  // default values
+  return DebugStringWithOptions(options);
+}
+
+std::string ServiceDescriptor::DebugStringWithOptions(
+    const DebugStringOptions& options) const {
+  std::string contents;
+  DebugString(&contents, options);
+  return contents;
+}
+
+void ServiceDescriptor::DebugString(
+    std::string* contents,
+    const DebugStringOptions& debug_string_options) const {
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter comment_printer(this, /* prefix */ "",
+                                               debug_string_options);
+  comment_printer.AddPreComment(contents);
+
+  strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "service $0 {\n", name());
+
+  FormatLineOptions(1, options(), file()->pool(), contents);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < method_count(); i++) {
+    method(i)->DebugString(1, contents, debug_string_options);
+  }
+
+  contents->append("}\n");
+
+  comment_printer.AddPostComment(contents);
+}
+
+std::string MethodDescriptor::DebugString() const {
+  DebugStringOptions options;  // default values
+  return DebugStringWithOptions(options);
+}
+
+std::string MethodDescriptor::DebugStringWithOptions(
+    const DebugStringOptions& options) const {
+  std::string contents;
+  DebugString(0, &contents, options);
+  return contents;
+}
+
+void MethodDescriptor::DebugString(
+    int depth, std::string* contents,
+    const DebugStringOptions& debug_string_options) const {
+  std::string prefix(depth * 2, ' ');
+  ++depth;
+
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter comment_printer(this, prefix,
+                                               debug_string_options);
+  comment_printer.AddPreComment(contents);
+
+  strings::SubstituteAndAppend(
+      contents, "$0rpc $1($4.$2) returns ($5.$3)", prefix, name(),
+      input_type()->full_name(), output_type()->full_name(),
+      client_streaming() ? "stream " : "", server_streaming() ? "stream " : "");
+
+  std::string formatted_options;
+  if (FormatLineOptions(depth, options(), service()->file()->pool(),
+                        &formatted_options)) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, " {\n$0$1}\n", formatted_options,
+                                 prefix);
+  } else {
+    contents->append(";\n");
+  }
+
+  comment_printer.AddPostComment(contents);
+}
+
+
+// Location methods ===============================================
+
+bool FileDescriptor::GetSourceLocation(const std::vector<int>& path,
+                                       SourceLocation* out_location) const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(out_location != nullptr);
+  if (source_code_info_) {
+    if (const SourceCodeInfo_Location* loc =
+            tables_->GetSourceLocation(path, source_code_info_)) {
+      const RepeatedField<int32>& span = loc->span();
+      if (span.size() == 3 || span.size() == 4) {
+        out_location->start_line = span.Get(0);
+        out_location->start_column = span.Get(1);
+        out_location->end_line = span.Get(span.size() == 3 ? 0 : 2);
+        out_location->end_column = span.Get(span.size() - 1);
+
+        out_location->leading_comments = loc->leading_comments();
+        out_location->trailing_comments = loc->trailing_comments();
+        out_location->leading_detached_comments.assign(
+            loc->leading_detached_comments().begin(),
+            loc->leading_detached_comments().end());
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool FileDescriptor::GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const {
+  std::vector<int> path;  // empty path for root FileDescriptor
+  return GetSourceLocation(path, out_location);
+}
+
+bool FieldDescriptor::is_packed() const {
+  if (!is_packable()) return false;
+  if (file_->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2) {
+    return (options_ != nullptr) && options_->packed();
+  } else {
+    return options_ == nullptr || !options_->has_packed() || options_->packed();
+  }
+}
+
+bool Descriptor::GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const {
+  std::vector<int> path;
+  GetLocationPath(&path);
+  return file()->GetSourceLocation(path, out_location);
+}
+
+bool FieldDescriptor::GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const {
+  std::vector<int> path;
+  GetLocationPath(&path);
+  return file()->GetSourceLocation(path, out_location);
+}
+
+bool OneofDescriptor::GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const {
+  std::vector<int> path;
+  GetLocationPath(&path);
+  return containing_type()->file()->GetSourceLocation(path, out_location);
+}
+
+bool EnumDescriptor::GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const {
+  std::vector<int> path;
+  GetLocationPath(&path);
+  return file()->GetSourceLocation(path, out_location);
+}
+
+bool MethodDescriptor::GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const {
+  std::vector<int> path;
+  GetLocationPath(&path);
+  return service()->file()->GetSourceLocation(path, out_location);
+}
+
+bool ServiceDescriptor::GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const {
+  std::vector<int> path;
+  GetLocationPath(&path);
+  return file()->GetSourceLocation(path, out_location);
+}
+
+bool EnumValueDescriptor::GetSourceLocation(
+    SourceLocation* out_location) const {
+  std::vector<int> path;
+  GetLocationPath(&path);
+  return type()->file()->GetSourceLocation(path, out_location);
+}
+
+void Descriptor::GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const {
+  if (containing_type()) {
+    containing_type()->GetLocationPath(output);
+    output->push_back(DescriptorProto::kNestedTypeFieldNumber);
+    output->push_back(index());
+  } else {
+    output->push_back(FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber);
+    output->push_back(index());
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptor::GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const {
+  if (is_extension()) {
+    if (extension_scope() == nullptr) {
+      output->push_back(FileDescriptorProto::kExtensionFieldNumber);
+      output->push_back(index());
+    } else {
+      extension_scope()->GetLocationPath(output);
+      output->push_back(DescriptorProto::kExtensionFieldNumber);
+      output->push_back(index());
+    }
+  } else {
+    containing_type()->GetLocationPath(output);
+    output->push_back(DescriptorProto::kFieldFieldNumber);
+    output->push_back(index());
+  }
+}
+
+void OneofDescriptor::GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const {
+  containing_type()->GetLocationPath(output);
+  output->push_back(DescriptorProto::kOneofDeclFieldNumber);
+  output->push_back(index());
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptor::GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const {
+  if (containing_type()) {
+    containing_type()->GetLocationPath(output);
+    output->push_back(DescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber);
+    output->push_back(index());
+  } else {
+    output->push_back(FileDescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber);
+    output->push_back(index());
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumValueDescriptor::GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const {
+  type()->GetLocationPath(output);
+  output->push_back(EnumDescriptorProto::kValueFieldNumber);
+  output->push_back(index());
+}
+
+void ServiceDescriptor::GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const {
+  output->push_back(FileDescriptorProto::kServiceFieldNumber);
+  output->push_back(index());
+}
+
+void MethodDescriptor::GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const {
+  service()->GetLocationPath(output);
+  output->push_back(ServiceDescriptorProto::kMethodFieldNumber);
+  output->push_back(index());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+namespace {
+
+// Represents an options message to interpret. Extension names in the option
+// name are resolved relative to name_scope. element_name and orig_opt are
+// used only for error reporting (since the parser records locations against
+// pointers in the original options, not the mutable copy). The Message must be
+// one of the Options messages in descriptor.proto.
+struct OptionsToInterpret {
+  OptionsToInterpret(const std::string& ns, const std::string& el,
+                     const std::vector<int>& path, const Message* orig_opt,
+                     Message* opt)
+      : name_scope(ns),
+        element_name(el),
+        element_path(path),
+        original_options(orig_opt),
+        options(opt) {}
+  std::string name_scope;
+  std::string element_name;
+  std::vector<int> element_path;
+  const Message* original_options;
+  Message* options;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+class DescriptorBuilder {
+ public:
+  DescriptorBuilder(const DescriptorPool* pool, DescriptorPool::Tables* tables,
+                    DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector* error_collector);
+  ~DescriptorBuilder();
+
+  const FileDescriptor* BuildFile(const FileDescriptorProto& proto);
+
+ private:
+  friend class OptionInterpreter;
+
+  // Non-recursive part of BuildFile functionality.
+  FileDescriptor* BuildFileImpl(const FileDescriptorProto& proto);
+
+  const DescriptorPool* pool_;
+  DescriptorPool::Tables* tables_;  // for convenience
+  DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector* error_collector_;
+
+  // As we build descriptors we store copies of the options messages in
+  // them. We put pointers to those copies in this vector, as we build, so we
+  // can later (after cross-linking) interpret those options.
+  std::vector<OptionsToInterpret> options_to_interpret_;
+
+  bool had_errors_;
+  std::string filename_;
+  FileDescriptor* file_;
+  FileDescriptorTables* file_tables_;
+  std::set<const FileDescriptor*> dependencies_;
+
+  // unused_dependency_ is used to record the unused imported files.
+  // Note: public import is not considered.
+  std::set<const FileDescriptor*> unused_dependency_;
+
+  // If LookupSymbol() finds a symbol that is in a file which is not a declared
+  // dependency of this file, it will fail, but will set
+  // possible_undeclared_dependency_ to point at that file.  This is only used
+  // by AddNotDefinedError() to report a more useful error message.
+  // possible_undeclared_dependency_name_ is the name of the symbol that was
+  // actually found in possible_undeclared_dependency_, which may be a parent
+  // of the symbol actually looked for.
+  const FileDescriptor* possible_undeclared_dependency_;
+  std::string possible_undeclared_dependency_name_;
+
+  // If LookupSymbol() could resolve a symbol which is not defined,
+  // record the resolved name.  This is only used by AddNotDefinedError()
+  // to report a more useful error message.
+  std::string undefine_resolved_name_;
+
+  void AddError(const std::string& element_name, const Message& descriptor,
+                DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location,
+                const std::string& error);
+  void AddError(const std::string& element_name, const Message& descriptor,
+                DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location,
+                const char* error);
+  void AddRecursiveImportError(const FileDescriptorProto& proto, int from_here);
+  void AddTwiceListedError(const FileDescriptorProto& proto, int index);
+  void AddImportError(const FileDescriptorProto& proto, int index);
+
+  // Adds an error indicating that undefined_symbol was not defined.  Must
+  // only be called after LookupSymbol() fails.
+  void AddNotDefinedError(
+      const std::string& element_name, const Message& descriptor,
+      DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location,
+      const std::string& undefined_symbol);
+
+  void AddWarning(const std::string& element_name, const Message& descriptor,
+                  DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location,
+                  const std::string& error);
+
+  // Silly helper which determines if the given file is in the given package.
+  // I.e., either file->package() == package_name or file->package() is a
+  // nested package within package_name.
+  bool IsInPackage(const FileDescriptor* file, const std::string& package_name);
+
+  // Helper function which finds all public dependencies of the given file, and
+  // stores the them in the dependencies_ set in the builder.
+  void RecordPublicDependencies(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+  // Like tables_->FindSymbol(), but additionally:
+  // - Search the pool's underlay if not found in tables_.
+  // - Insure that the resulting Symbol is from one of the file's declared
+  //   dependencies.
+  Symbol FindSymbol(const std::string& name, bool build_it = true);
+
+  // Like FindSymbol() but does not require that the symbol is in one of the
+  // file's declared dependencies.
+  Symbol FindSymbolNotEnforcingDeps(const std::string& name,
+                                    bool build_it = true);
+
+  // This implements the body of FindSymbolNotEnforcingDeps().
+  Symbol FindSymbolNotEnforcingDepsHelper(const DescriptorPool* pool,
+                                          const std::string& name,
+                                          bool build_it = true);
+
+  // Like FindSymbol(), but looks up the name relative to some other symbol
+  // name.  This first searches siblings of relative_to, then siblings of its
+  // parents, etc.  For example, LookupSymbol("foo.bar", "baz.qux.corge") makes
+  // the following calls, returning the first non-null result:
+  // FindSymbol("baz.qux.foo.bar"), FindSymbol("baz.foo.bar"),
+  // FindSymbol("foo.bar").  If AllowUnknownDependencies() has been called
+  // on the DescriptorPool, this will generate a placeholder type if
+  // the name is not found (unless the name itself is malformed).  The
+  // placeholder_type parameter indicates what kind of placeholder should be
+  // constructed in this case.  The resolve_mode parameter determines whether
+  // any symbol is returned, or only symbols that are types.  Note, however,
+  // that LookupSymbol may still return a non-type symbol in LOOKUP_TYPES mode,
+  // if it believes that's all it could refer to.  The caller should always
+  // check that it receives the type of symbol it was expecting.
+  enum ResolveMode { LOOKUP_ALL, LOOKUP_TYPES };
+  Symbol LookupSymbol(const std::string& name, const std::string& relative_to,
+                      DescriptorPool::PlaceholderType placeholder_type =
+                          DescriptorPool::PLACEHOLDER_MESSAGE,
+                      ResolveMode resolve_mode = LOOKUP_ALL,
+                      bool build_it = true);
+
+  // Like LookupSymbol() but will not return a placeholder even if
+  // AllowUnknownDependencies() has been used.
+  Symbol LookupSymbolNoPlaceholder(const std::string& name,
+                                   const std::string& relative_to,
+                                   ResolveMode resolve_mode = LOOKUP_ALL,
+                                   bool build_it = true);
+
+  // Calls tables_->AddSymbol() and records an error if it fails.  Returns
+  // true if successful or false if failed, though most callers can ignore
+  // the return value since an error has already been recorded.
+  bool AddSymbol(const std::string& full_name, const void* parent,
+                 const std::string& name, const Message& proto, Symbol symbol);
+
+  // Like AddSymbol(), but succeeds if the symbol is already defined as long
+  // as the existing definition is also a package (because it's OK to define
+  // the same package in two different files).  Also adds all parents of the
+  // packgae to the symbol table (e.g. AddPackage("foo.bar", ...) will add
+  // "foo.bar" and "foo" to the table).
+  void AddPackage(const std::string& name, const Message& proto,
+                  const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+  // Checks that the symbol name contains only alphanumeric characters and
+  // underscores.  Records an error otherwise.
+  void ValidateSymbolName(const std::string& name, const std::string& full_name,
+                          const Message& proto);
+
+  // Used by BUILD_ARRAY macro (below) to avoid having to have the type
+  // specified as a macro parameter.
+  template <typename Type>
+  inline void AllocateArray(int size, Type** output) {
+    *output = tables_->AllocateArray<Type>(size);
+  }
+
+  // Allocates a copy of orig_options in tables_ and stores it in the
+  // descriptor. Remembers its uninterpreted options, to be interpreted
+  // later. DescriptorT must be one of the Descriptor messages from
+  // descriptor.proto.
+  template <class DescriptorT>
+  void AllocateOptions(const typename DescriptorT::OptionsType& orig_options,
+                       DescriptorT* descriptor, int options_field_tag,
+                       const std::string& option_name);
+  // Specialization for FileOptions.
+  void AllocateOptions(const FileOptions& orig_options,
+                       FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+  // Implementation for AllocateOptions(). Don't call this directly.
+  template <class DescriptorT>
+  void AllocateOptionsImpl(
+      const std::string& name_scope, const std::string& element_name,
+      const typename DescriptorT::OptionsType& orig_options,
+      DescriptorT* descriptor, const std::vector<int>& options_path,
+      const std::string& option_name);
+
+  // Allocate string on the string pool and initialize it to full proto name.
+  // Full proto name is "scope.proto_name" if scope is non-empty and
+  // "proto_name" otherwise.
+  std::string* AllocateNameString(const std::string& scope,
+                                  const std::string& proto_name);
+
+  // These methods all have the same signature for the sake of the BUILD_ARRAY
+  // macro, below.
+  void BuildMessage(const DescriptorProto& proto, const Descriptor* parent,
+                    Descriptor* result);
+  void BuildFieldOrExtension(const FieldDescriptorProto& proto,
+                             const Descriptor* parent, FieldDescriptor* result,
+                             bool is_extension);
+  void BuildField(const FieldDescriptorProto& proto, const Descriptor* parent,
+                  FieldDescriptor* result) {
+    BuildFieldOrExtension(proto, parent, result, false);
+  }
+  void BuildExtension(const FieldDescriptorProto& proto,
+                      const Descriptor* parent, FieldDescriptor* result) {
+    BuildFieldOrExtension(proto, parent, result, true);
+  }
+  void BuildExtensionRange(const DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange& proto,
+                           const Descriptor* parent,
+                           Descriptor::ExtensionRange* result);
+  void BuildReservedRange(const DescriptorProto::ReservedRange& proto,
+                          const Descriptor* parent,
+                          Descriptor::ReservedRange* result);
+  void BuildReservedRange(const EnumDescriptorProto::EnumReservedRange& proto,
+                          const EnumDescriptor* parent,
+                          EnumDescriptor::ReservedRange* result);
+  void BuildOneof(const OneofDescriptorProto& proto, Descriptor* parent,
+                  OneofDescriptor* result);
+  void CheckEnumValueUniqueness(const EnumDescriptorProto& proto,
+                                const EnumDescriptor* result);
+  void BuildEnum(const EnumDescriptorProto& proto, const Descriptor* parent,
+                 EnumDescriptor* result);
+  void BuildEnumValue(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& proto,
+                      const EnumDescriptor* parent,
+                      EnumValueDescriptor* result);
+  void BuildService(const ServiceDescriptorProto& proto, const void* dummy,
+                    ServiceDescriptor* result);
+  void BuildMethod(const MethodDescriptorProto& proto,
+                   const ServiceDescriptor* parent, MethodDescriptor* result);
+
+  void LogUnusedDependency(const FileDescriptorProto& proto,
+                           const FileDescriptor* result);
+
+  // Must be run only after building.
+  //
+  // NOTE: Options will not be available during cross-linking, as they
+  // have not yet been interpreted. Defer any handling of options to the
+  // Validate*Options methods.
+  void CrossLinkFile(FileDescriptor* file, const FileDescriptorProto& proto);
+  void CrossLinkMessage(Descriptor* message, const DescriptorProto& proto);
+  void CrossLinkField(FieldDescriptor* field,
+                      const FieldDescriptorProto& proto);
+  void CrossLinkExtensionRange(Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range,
+                               const DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange& proto);
+  void CrossLinkEnum(EnumDescriptor* enum_type,
+                     const EnumDescriptorProto& proto);
+  void CrossLinkEnumValue(EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value,
+                          const EnumValueDescriptorProto& proto);
+  void CrossLinkService(ServiceDescriptor* service,
+                        const ServiceDescriptorProto& proto);
+  void CrossLinkMethod(MethodDescriptor* method,
+                       const MethodDescriptorProto& proto);
+
+  // Must be run only after cross-linking.
+  void InterpretOptions();
+
+  // A helper class for interpreting options.
+  class OptionInterpreter {
+   public:
+    // Creates an interpreter that operates in the context of the pool of the
+    // specified builder, which must not be nullptr. We don't take ownership of
+    // the builder.
+    explicit OptionInterpreter(DescriptorBuilder* builder);
+
+    ~OptionInterpreter();
+
+    // Interprets the uninterpreted options in the specified Options message.
+    // On error, calls AddError() on the underlying builder and returns false.
+    // Otherwise returns true.
+    bool InterpretOptions(OptionsToInterpret* options_to_interpret);
+
+    // Updates the given source code info by re-writing uninterpreted option
+    // locations to refer to the corresponding interpreted option.
+    void UpdateSourceCodeInfo(SourceCodeInfo* info);
+
+    class AggregateOptionFinder;
+
+   private:
+    // Interprets uninterpreted_option_ on the specified message, which
+    // must be the mutable copy of the original options message to which
+    // uninterpreted_option_ belongs. The given src_path is the source
+    // location path to the uninterpreted option, and options_path is the
+    // source location path to the options message. The location paths are
+    // recorded and then used in UpdateSourceCodeInfo.
+    bool InterpretSingleOption(Message* options,
+                               const std::vector<int>& src_path,
+                               const std::vector<int>& options_path);
+
+    // Adds the uninterpreted_option to the given options message verbatim.
+    // Used when AllowUnknownDependencies() is in effect and we can't find
+    // the option's definition.
+    void AddWithoutInterpreting(const UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option,
+                                Message* options);
+
+    // A recursive helper function that drills into the intermediate fields
+    // in unknown_fields to check if field innermost_field is set on the
+    // innermost message. Returns false and sets an error if so.
+    bool ExamineIfOptionIsSet(
+        std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>::const_iterator
+            intermediate_fields_iter,
+        std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>::const_iterator
+            intermediate_fields_end,
+        const FieldDescriptor* innermost_field,
+        const std::string& debug_msg_name,
+        const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields);
+
+    // Validates the value for the option field of the currently interpreted
+    // option and then sets it on the unknown_field.
+    bool SetOptionValue(const FieldDescriptor* option_field,
+                        UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
+
+    // Parses an aggregate value for a CPPTYPE_MESSAGE option and
+    // saves it into *unknown_fields.
+    bool SetAggregateOption(const FieldDescriptor* option_field,
+                            UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
+
+    // Convenience functions to set an int field the right way, depending on
+    // its wire type (a single int CppType can represent multiple wire types).
+    void SetInt32(int number, int32 value, FieldDescriptor::Type type,
+                  UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
+    void SetInt64(int number, int64 value, FieldDescriptor::Type type,
+                  UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
+    void SetUInt32(int number, uint32 value, FieldDescriptor::Type type,
+                   UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
+    void SetUInt64(int number, uint64 value, FieldDescriptor::Type type,
+                   UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
+
+    // A helper function that adds an error at the specified location of the
+    // option we're currently interpreting, and returns false.
+    bool AddOptionError(DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location,
+                        const std::string& msg) {
+      builder_->AddError(options_to_interpret_->element_name,
+                         *uninterpreted_option_, location, msg);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // A helper function that adds an error at the location of the option name
+    // and returns false.
+    bool AddNameError(const std::string& msg) {
+      return AddOptionError(DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OPTION_NAME, msg);
+    }
+
+    // A helper function that adds an error at the location of the option name
+    // and returns false.
+    bool AddValueError(const std::string& msg) {
+      return AddOptionError(DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OPTION_VALUE, msg);
+    }
+
+    // We interpret against this builder's pool. Is never nullptr. We don't own
+    // this pointer.
+    DescriptorBuilder* builder_;
+
+    // The options we're currently interpreting, or nullptr if we're not in a
+    // call to InterpretOptions.
+    const OptionsToInterpret* options_to_interpret_;
+
+    // The option we're currently interpreting within options_to_interpret_, or
+    // nullptr if we're not in a call to InterpretOptions(). This points to a
+    // submessage of the original option, not the mutable copy. Therefore we
+    // can use it to find locations recorded by the parser.
+    const UninterpretedOption* uninterpreted_option_;
+
+    // This maps the element path of uninterpreted options to the element path
+    // of the resulting interpreted option. This is used to modify a file's
+    // source code info to account for option interpretation.
+    std::map<std::vector<int>, std::vector<int>> interpreted_paths_;
+
+    // This maps the path to a repeated option field to the known number of
+    // elements the field contains. This is used to track the compute the
+    // index portion of the element path when interpreting a single option.
+    std::map<std::vector<int>, int> repeated_option_counts_;
+
+    // Factory used to create the dynamic messages we need to parse
+    // any aggregate option values we encounter.
+    DynamicMessageFactory dynamic_factory_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(OptionInterpreter);
+  };
+
+  // Work-around for broken compilers:  According to the C++ standard,
+  // OptionInterpreter should have access to the private members of any class
+  // which has declared DescriptorBuilder as a friend.  Unfortunately some old
+  // versions of GCC and other compilers do not implement this correctly.  So,
+  // we have to have these intermediate methods to provide access.  We also
+  // redundantly declare OptionInterpreter a friend just to make things extra
+  // clear for these bad compilers.
+  friend class OptionInterpreter;
+  friend class OptionInterpreter::AggregateOptionFinder;
+
+  static inline bool get_allow_unknown(const DescriptorPool* pool) {
+    return pool->allow_unknown_;
+  }
+  static inline bool get_enforce_weak(const DescriptorPool* pool) {
+    return pool->enforce_weak_;
+  }
+  static inline bool get_is_placeholder(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    return descriptor->is_placeholder_;
+  }
+  static inline void assert_mutex_held(const DescriptorPool* pool) {
+    if (pool->mutex_ != nullptr) {
+      pool->mutex_->AssertHeld();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Must be run only after options have been interpreted.
+  //
+  // NOTE: Validation code must only reference the options in the mutable
+  // descriptors, which are the ones that have been interpreted. The const
+  // proto references are passed in only so they can be provided to calls to
+  // AddError(). Do not look at their options, which have not been interpreted.
+  void ValidateFileOptions(FileDescriptor* file,
+                           const FileDescriptorProto& proto);
+  void ValidateMessageOptions(Descriptor* message,
+                              const DescriptorProto& proto);
+  void ValidateFieldOptions(FieldDescriptor* field,
+                            const FieldDescriptorProto& proto);
+  void ValidateEnumOptions(EnumDescriptor* enm,
+                           const EnumDescriptorProto& proto);
+  void ValidateEnumValueOptions(EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value,
+                                const EnumValueDescriptorProto& proto);
+  void ValidateServiceOptions(ServiceDescriptor* service,
+                              const ServiceDescriptorProto& proto);
+  void ValidateMethodOptions(MethodDescriptor* method,
+                             const MethodDescriptorProto& proto);
+  void ValidateProto3(FileDescriptor* file, const FileDescriptorProto& proto);
+  void ValidateProto3Message(Descriptor* message, const DescriptorProto& proto);
+  void ValidateProto3Field(FieldDescriptor* field,
+                           const FieldDescriptorProto& proto);
+  void ValidateProto3Enum(EnumDescriptor* enm,
+                          const EnumDescriptorProto& proto);
+
+  // Returns true if the map entry message is compatible with the
+  // auto-generated entry message from map fields syntax.
+  bool ValidateMapEntry(FieldDescriptor* field,
+                        const FieldDescriptorProto& proto);
+
+  // Recursively detects naming conflicts with map entry types for a
+  // better error message.
+  void DetectMapConflicts(const Descriptor* message,
+                          const DescriptorProto& proto);
+
+  void ValidateJSType(FieldDescriptor* field,
+                      const FieldDescriptorProto& proto);
+};
+
+const FileDescriptor* DescriptorPool::BuildFile(
+    const FileDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(fallback_database_ == nullptr)
+      << "Cannot call BuildFile on a DescriptorPool that uses a "
+         "DescriptorDatabase.  You must instead find a way to get your file "
+         "into the underlying database.";
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(mutex_ == nullptr);  // Implied by the above GOOGLE_CHECK.
+  tables_->known_bad_symbols_.clear();
+  tables_->known_bad_files_.clear();
+  return DescriptorBuilder(this, tables_.get(), nullptr).BuildFile(proto);
+}
+
+const FileDescriptor* DescriptorPool::BuildFileCollectingErrors(
+    const FileDescriptorProto& proto, ErrorCollector* error_collector) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(fallback_database_ == nullptr)
+      << "Cannot call BuildFile on a DescriptorPool that uses a "
+         "DescriptorDatabase.  You must instead find a way to get your file "
+         "into the underlying database.";
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(mutex_ == nullptr);  // Implied by the above GOOGLE_CHECK.
+  tables_->known_bad_symbols_.clear();
+  tables_->known_bad_files_.clear();
+  return DescriptorBuilder(this, tables_.get(), error_collector)
+      .BuildFile(proto);
+}
+
+const FileDescriptor* DescriptorPool::BuildFileFromDatabase(
+    const FileDescriptorProto& proto) const {
+  mutex_->AssertHeld();
+  if (tables_->known_bad_files_.count(proto.name()) > 0) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  const FileDescriptor* result =
+      DescriptorBuilder(this, tables_.get(), default_error_collector_)
+          .BuildFile(proto);
+  if (result == nullptr) {
+    tables_->known_bad_files_.insert(proto.name());
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+DescriptorBuilder::DescriptorBuilder(
+    const DescriptorPool* pool, DescriptorPool::Tables* tables,
+    DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector* error_collector)
+    : pool_(pool),
+      tables_(tables),
+      error_collector_(error_collector),
+      had_errors_(false),
+      possible_undeclared_dependency_(nullptr),
+      undefine_resolved_name_("") {}
+
+DescriptorBuilder::~DescriptorBuilder() {}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::AddError(
+    const std::string& element_name, const Message& descriptor,
+    DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location,
+    const std::string& error) {
+  if (error_collector_ == nullptr) {
+    if (!had_errors_) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid proto descriptor for file \"" << filename_
+                 << "\":";
+    }
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "  " << element_name << ": " << error;
+  } else {
+    error_collector_->AddError(filename_, element_name, &descriptor, location,
+                               error);
+  }
+  had_errors_ = true;
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::AddError(
+    const std::string& element_name, const Message& descriptor,
+    DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location, const char* error) {
+  AddError(element_name, descriptor, location, std::string(error));
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::AddNotDefinedError(
+    const std::string& element_name, const Message& descriptor,
+    DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location,
+    const std::string& undefined_symbol) {
+  if (possible_undeclared_dependency_ == nullptr &&
+      undefine_resolved_name_.empty()) {
+    AddError(element_name, descriptor, location,
+             "\"" + undefined_symbol + "\" is not defined.");
+  } else {
+    if (possible_undeclared_dependency_ != nullptr) {
+      AddError(element_name, descriptor, location,
+               "\"" + possible_undeclared_dependency_name_ +
+                   "\" seems to be defined in \"" +
+                   possible_undeclared_dependency_->name() +
+                   "\", which is not "
+                   "imported by \"" +
+                   filename_ +
+                   "\".  To use it here, please "
+                   "add the necessary import.");
+    }
+    if (!undefine_resolved_name_.empty()) {
+      AddError(element_name, descriptor, location,
+               "\"" + undefined_symbol + "\" is resolved to \"" +
+                   undefine_resolved_name_ +
+                   "\", which is not defined. "
+                   "The innermost scope is searched first in name resolution. "
+                   "Consider using a leading '.'(i.e., \"." +
+                   undefined_symbol + "\") to start from the outermost scope.");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::AddWarning(
+    const std::string& element_name, const Message& descriptor,
+    DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location,
+    const std::string& error) {
+  if (error_collector_ == nullptr) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << filename_ << " " << element_name << ": " << error;
+  } else {
+    error_collector_->AddWarning(filename_, element_name, &descriptor, location,
+                                 error);
+  }
+}
+
+bool DescriptorBuilder::IsInPackage(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                    const std::string& package_name) {
+  return HasPrefixString(file->package(), package_name) &&
+         (file->package().size() == package_name.size() ||
+          file->package()[package_name.size()] == '.');
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::RecordPublicDependencies(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  if (file == nullptr || !dependencies_.insert(file).second) return;
+  for (int i = 0; file != nullptr && i < file->public_dependency_count(); i++) {
+    RecordPublicDependencies(file->public_dependency(i));
+  }
+}
+
+Symbol DescriptorBuilder::FindSymbolNotEnforcingDepsHelper(
+    const DescriptorPool* pool, const std::string& name, bool build_it) {
+  // If we are looking at an underlay, we must lock its mutex_, since we are
+  // accessing the underlay's tables_ directly.
+  MutexLockMaybe lock((pool == pool_) ? nullptr : pool->mutex_);
+
+  Symbol result = pool->tables_->FindSymbol(name);
+  if (result.IsNull() && pool->underlay_ != nullptr) {
+    // Symbol not found; check the underlay.
+    result = FindSymbolNotEnforcingDepsHelper(pool->underlay_, name);
+  }
+
+  if (result.IsNull()) {
+    // With lazily_build_dependencies_, a symbol lookup at cross link time is
+    // not guaranteed to be successful. In most cases, build_it will be false,
+    // which intentionally prevents us from building an import until it's
+    // actually needed. In some cases, like registering an extension, we want
+    // to build the file containing the symbol, and build_it will be set.
+    // Also, build_it will be true when !lazily_build_dependencies_, to provide
+    // better error reporting of missing dependencies.
+    if (build_it && pool->TryFindSymbolInFallbackDatabase(name)) {
+      result = pool->tables_->FindSymbol(name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+Symbol DescriptorBuilder::FindSymbolNotEnforcingDeps(const std::string& name,
+                                                     bool build_it) {
+  Symbol result = FindSymbolNotEnforcingDepsHelper(pool_, name, build_it);
+  // Only find symbols which were defined in this file or one of its
+  // dependencies.
+  const FileDescriptor* file = result.GetFile();
+  if (file == file_ || dependencies_.count(file) > 0) {
+    unused_dependency_.erase(file);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+Symbol DescriptorBuilder::FindSymbol(const std::string& name, bool build_it) {
+  Symbol result = FindSymbolNotEnforcingDeps(name, build_it);
+
+  if (result.IsNull()) return result;
+
+  if (!pool_->enforce_dependencies_) {
+    // Hack for CompilerUpgrader, and also used for lazily_build_dependencies_
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Only find symbols which were defined in this file or one of its
+  // dependencies.
+  const FileDescriptor* file = result.GetFile();
+  if (file == file_ || dependencies_.count(file) > 0) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  if (result.type == Symbol::PACKAGE) {
+    // Arg, this is overcomplicated.  The symbol is a package name.  It could
+    // be that the package was defined in multiple files.  result.GetFile()
+    // returns the first file we saw that used this package.  We've determined
+    // that that file is not a direct dependency of the file we are currently
+    // building, but it could be that some other file which *is* a direct
+    // dependency also defines the same package.  We can't really rule out this
+    // symbol unless none of the dependencies define it.
+    if (IsInPackage(file_, name)) return result;
+    for (std::set<const FileDescriptor*>::const_iterator it =
+             dependencies_.begin();
+         it != dependencies_.end(); ++it) {
+      // Note:  A dependency may be nullptr if it was not found or had errors.
+      if (*it != nullptr && IsInPackage(*it, name)) return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  possible_undeclared_dependency_ = file;
+  possible_undeclared_dependency_name_ = name;
+  return kNullSymbol;
+}
+
+Symbol DescriptorBuilder::LookupSymbolNoPlaceholder(
+    const std::string& name, const std::string& relative_to,
+    ResolveMode resolve_mode, bool build_it) {
+  possible_undeclared_dependency_ = nullptr;
+  undefine_resolved_name_.clear();
+
+  if (!name.empty() && name[0] == '.') {
+    // Fully-qualified name.
+    return FindSymbol(name.substr(1), build_it);
+  }
+
+  // If name is something like "Foo.Bar.baz", and symbols named "Foo" are
+  // defined in multiple parent scopes, we only want to find "Bar.baz" in the
+  // innermost one.  E.g., the following should produce an error:
+  //   message Bar { message Baz {} }
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     message Bar {
+  //     }
+  //     optional Bar.Baz baz = 1;
+  //   }
+  // So, we look for just "Foo" first, then look for "Bar.baz" within it if
+  // found.
+  std::string::size_type name_dot_pos = name.find_first_of('.');
+  std::string first_part_of_name;
+  if (name_dot_pos == std::string::npos) {
+    first_part_of_name = name;
+  } else {
+    first_part_of_name = name.substr(0, name_dot_pos);
+  }
+
+  std::string scope_to_try(relative_to);
+
+  while (true) {
+    // Chop off the last component of the scope.
+    std::string::size_type dot_pos = scope_to_try.find_last_of('.');
+    if (dot_pos == std::string::npos) {
+      return FindSymbol(name, build_it);
+    } else {
+      scope_to_try.erase(dot_pos);
+    }
+
+    // Append ".first_part_of_name" and try to find.
+    std::string::size_type old_size = scope_to_try.size();
+    scope_to_try.append(1, '.');
+    scope_to_try.append(first_part_of_name);
+    Symbol result = FindSymbol(scope_to_try, build_it);
+    if (!result.IsNull()) {
+      if (first_part_of_name.size() < name.size()) {
+        // name is a compound symbol, of which we only found the first part.
+        // Now try to look up the rest of it.
+        if (result.IsAggregate()) {
+          scope_to_try.append(name, first_part_of_name.size(),
+                              name.size() - first_part_of_name.size());
+          result = FindSymbol(scope_to_try, build_it);
+          if (result.IsNull()) {
+            undefine_resolved_name_ = scope_to_try;
+          }
+          return result;
+        } else {
+          // We found a symbol but it's not an aggregate.  Continue the loop.
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (resolve_mode == LOOKUP_TYPES && !result.IsType()) {
+          // We found a symbol but it's not a type.  Continue the loop.
+        } else {
+          return result;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Not found.  Remove the name so we can try again.
+    scope_to_try.erase(old_size);
+  }
+}
+
+Symbol DescriptorBuilder::LookupSymbol(
+    const std::string& name, const std::string& relative_to,
+    DescriptorPool::PlaceholderType placeholder_type, ResolveMode resolve_mode,
+    bool build_it) {
+  Symbol result =
+      LookupSymbolNoPlaceholder(name, relative_to, resolve_mode, build_it);
+  if (result.IsNull() && pool_->allow_unknown_) {
+    // Not found, but AllowUnknownDependencies() is enabled.  Return a
+    // placeholder instead.
+    result = pool_->NewPlaceholderWithMutexHeld(name, placeholder_type);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+static bool ValidateQualifiedName(const std::string& name) {
+  bool last_was_period = false;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < name.size(); i++) {
+    // I don't trust isalnum() due to locales.  :(
+    if (('a' <= name[i] && name[i] <= 'z') ||
+        ('A' <= name[i] && name[i] <= 'Z') ||
+        ('0' <= name[i] && name[i] <= '9') || (name[i] == '_')) {
+      last_was_period = false;
+    } else if (name[i] == '.') {
+      if (last_was_period) return false;
+      last_was_period = true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return !name.empty() && !last_was_period;
+}
+
+Symbol DescriptorPool::NewPlaceholder(const std::string& name,
+                                      PlaceholderType placeholder_type) const {
+  MutexLockMaybe lock(mutex_);
+  return NewPlaceholderWithMutexHeld(name, placeholder_type);
+}
+
+Symbol DescriptorPool::NewPlaceholderWithMutexHeld(
+    const std::string& name, PlaceholderType placeholder_type) const {
+  if (mutex_) {
+    mutex_->AssertHeld();
+  }
+  // Compute names.
+  const std::string* placeholder_full_name;
+  const std::string* placeholder_name;
+  const std::string* placeholder_package;
+
+  if (!ValidateQualifiedName(name)) return kNullSymbol;
+  if (name[0] == '.') {
+    // Fully-qualified.
+    placeholder_full_name = tables_->AllocateString(name.substr(1));
+  } else {
+    placeholder_full_name = tables_->AllocateString(name);
+  }
+
+  std::string::size_type dotpos = placeholder_full_name->find_last_of('.');
+  if (dotpos != std::string::npos) {
+    placeholder_package =
+        tables_->AllocateString(placeholder_full_name->substr(0, dotpos));
+    placeholder_name =
+        tables_->AllocateString(placeholder_full_name->substr(dotpos + 1));
+  } else {
+    placeholder_package = &internal::GetEmptyString();
+    placeholder_name = placeholder_full_name;
+  }
+
+  // Create the placeholders.
+  FileDescriptor* placeholder_file = NewPlaceholderFileWithMutexHeld(
+      *placeholder_full_name + ".placeholder.proto");
+  placeholder_file->package_ = placeholder_package;
+
+  if (placeholder_type == PLACEHOLDER_ENUM) {
+    placeholder_file->enum_type_count_ = 1;
+    placeholder_file->enum_types_ = tables_->AllocateArray<EnumDescriptor>(1);
+
+    EnumDescriptor* placeholder_enum = &placeholder_file->enum_types_[0];
+    memset(static_cast<void*>(placeholder_enum), 0, sizeof(*placeholder_enum));
+
+    placeholder_enum->full_name_ = placeholder_full_name;
+    placeholder_enum->name_ = placeholder_name;
+    placeholder_enum->file_ = placeholder_file;
+    placeholder_enum->options_ = &EnumOptions::default_instance();
+    placeholder_enum->is_placeholder_ = true;
+    placeholder_enum->is_unqualified_placeholder_ = (name[0] != '.');
+
+    // Enums must have at least one value.
+    placeholder_enum->value_count_ = 1;
+    placeholder_enum->values_ = tables_->AllocateArray<EnumValueDescriptor>(1);
+
+    EnumValueDescriptor* placeholder_value = &placeholder_enum->values_[0];
+    memset(static_cast<void*>(placeholder_value), 0,
+           sizeof(*placeholder_value));
+
+    placeholder_value->name_ = tables_->AllocateString("PLACEHOLDER_VALUE");
+    // Note that enum value names are siblings of their type, not children.
+    placeholder_value->full_name_ =
+        placeholder_package->empty()
+            ? placeholder_value->name_
+            : tables_->AllocateString(*placeholder_package +
+                                      ".PLACEHOLDER_VALUE");
+
+    placeholder_value->number_ = 0;
+    placeholder_value->type_ = placeholder_enum;
+    placeholder_value->options_ = &EnumValueOptions::default_instance();
+
+    return Symbol(placeholder_enum);
+  } else {
+    placeholder_file->message_type_count_ = 1;
+    placeholder_file->message_types_ = tables_->AllocateArray<Descriptor>(1);
+
+    Descriptor* placeholder_message = &placeholder_file->message_types_[0];
+    memset(static_cast<void*>(placeholder_message), 0,
+           sizeof(*placeholder_message));
+
+    placeholder_message->full_name_ = placeholder_full_name;
+    placeholder_message->name_ = placeholder_name;
+    placeholder_message->file_ = placeholder_file;
+    placeholder_message->options_ = &MessageOptions::default_instance();
+    placeholder_message->is_placeholder_ = true;
+    placeholder_message->is_unqualified_placeholder_ = (name[0] != '.');
+
+    if (placeholder_type == PLACEHOLDER_EXTENDABLE_MESSAGE) {
+      placeholder_message->extension_range_count_ = 1;
+      placeholder_message->extension_ranges_ =
+          tables_->AllocateArray<Descriptor::ExtensionRange>(1);
+      placeholder_message->extension_ranges_->start = 1;
+      // kMaxNumber + 1 because ExtensionRange::end is exclusive.
+      placeholder_message->extension_ranges_->end =
+          FieldDescriptor::kMaxNumber + 1;
+    }
+
+    return Symbol(placeholder_message);
+  }
+}
+
+FileDescriptor* DescriptorPool::NewPlaceholderFile(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  MutexLockMaybe lock(mutex_);
+  return NewPlaceholderFileWithMutexHeld(name);
+}
+
+FileDescriptor* DescriptorPool::NewPlaceholderFileWithMutexHeld(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  if (mutex_) {
+    mutex_->AssertHeld();
+  }
+  FileDescriptor* placeholder = tables_->Allocate<FileDescriptor>();
+  memset(static_cast<void*>(placeholder), 0, sizeof(*placeholder));
+
+  placeholder->name_ = tables_->AllocateString(name);
+  placeholder->package_ = &internal::GetEmptyString();
+  placeholder->pool_ = this;
+  placeholder->options_ = &FileOptions::default_instance();
+  placeholder->tables_ = &FileDescriptorTables::GetEmptyInstance();
+  placeholder->source_code_info_ = &SourceCodeInfo::default_instance();
+  placeholder->is_placeholder_ = true;
+  placeholder->syntax_ = FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2;
+  placeholder->finished_building_ = true;
+  // All other fields are zero or nullptr.
+
+  return placeholder;
+}
+
+bool DescriptorBuilder::AddSymbol(const std::string& full_name,
+                                  const void* parent, const std::string& name,
+                                  const Message& proto, Symbol symbol) {
+  // If the caller passed nullptr for the parent, the symbol is at file scope.
+  // Use its file as the parent instead.
+  if (parent == nullptr) parent = file_;
+
+  if (tables_->AddSymbol(full_name, symbol)) {
+    if (!file_tables_->AddAliasUnderParent(parent, name, symbol)) {
+      // This is only possible if there was already an error adding something of
+      // the same name.
+      if (!had_errors_) {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "\"" << full_name
+                    << "\" not previously defined in "
+                       "symbols_by_name_, but was defined in "
+                       "symbols_by_parent_; this shouldn't be possible.";
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    const FileDescriptor* other_file = tables_->FindSymbol(full_name).GetFile();
+    if (other_file == file_) {
+      std::string::size_type dot_pos = full_name.find_last_of('.');
+      if (dot_pos == std::string::npos) {
+        AddError(full_name, proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+                 "\"" + full_name + "\" is already defined.");
+      } else {
+        AddError(full_name, proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+                 "\"" + full_name.substr(dot_pos + 1) +
+                     "\" is already defined in \"" +
+                     full_name.substr(0, dot_pos) + "\".");
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Symbol seems to have been defined in a different file.
+      AddError(full_name, proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+               "\"" + full_name + "\" is already defined in file \"" +
+                   other_file->name() + "\".");
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::AddPackage(const std::string& name,
+                                   const Message& proto,
+                                   const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  if (tables_->AddSymbol(name, Symbol(file))) {
+    // Success.  Also add parent package, if any.
+    std::string::size_type dot_pos = name.find_last_of('.');
+    if (dot_pos == std::string::npos) {
+      // No parents.
+      ValidateSymbolName(name, name, proto);
+    } else {
+      // Has parent.
+      std::string* parent_name =
+          tables_->AllocateString(name.substr(0, dot_pos));
+      AddPackage(*parent_name, proto, file);
+      ValidateSymbolName(name.substr(dot_pos + 1), name, proto);
+    }
+  } else {
+    Symbol existing_symbol = tables_->FindSymbol(name);
+    // It's OK to redefine a package.
+    if (existing_symbol.type != Symbol::PACKAGE) {
+      // Symbol seems to have been defined in a different file.
+      AddError(name, proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+               "\"" + name +
+                   "\" is already defined (as something other than "
+                   "a package) in file \"" +
+                   existing_symbol.GetFile()->name() + "\".");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateSymbolName(const std::string& name,
+                                           const std::string& full_name,
+                                           const Message& proto) {
+  if (name.empty()) {
+    AddError(full_name, proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+             "Missing name.");
+  } else {
+    for (int i = 0; i < name.size(); i++) {
+      // I don't trust isalnum() due to locales.  :(
+      if ((name[i] < 'a' || 'z' < name[i]) &&
+          (name[i] < 'A' || 'Z' < name[i]) &&
+          (name[i] < '0' || '9' < name[i]) && (name[i] != '_')) {
+        AddError(full_name, proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+                 "\"" + name + "\" is not a valid identifier.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// This generic implementation is good for all descriptors except
+// FileDescriptor.
+template <class DescriptorT>
+void DescriptorBuilder::AllocateOptions(
+    const typename DescriptorT::OptionsType& orig_options,
+    DescriptorT* descriptor, int options_field_tag,
+    const std::string& option_name) {
+  std::vector<int> options_path;
+  descriptor->GetLocationPath(&options_path);
+  options_path.push_back(options_field_tag);
+  AllocateOptionsImpl(descriptor->full_name(), descriptor->full_name(),
+                      orig_options, descriptor, options_path, option_name);
+}
+
+// We specialize for FileDescriptor.
+void DescriptorBuilder::AllocateOptions(const FileOptions& orig_options,
+                                        FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  std::vector<int> options_path;
+  options_path.push_back(FileDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber);
+  // We add the dummy token so that LookupSymbol does the right thing.
+  AllocateOptionsImpl(descriptor->package() + ".dummy", descriptor->name(),
+                      orig_options, descriptor, options_path,
+                      "google.protobuf.FileOptions");
+}
+
+template <class DescriptorT>
+void DescriptorBuilder::AllocateOptionsImpl(
+    const std::string& name_scope, const std::string& element_name,
+    const typename DescriptorT::OptionsType& orig_options,
+    DescriptorT* descriptor, const std::vector<int>& options_path,
+    const std::string& option_name) {
+  // We need to use a dummy pointer to work around a bug in older versions of
+  // GCC.  Otherwise, the following two lines could be replaced with:
+  //   typename DescriptorT::OptionsType* options =
+  //       tables_->AllocateMessage<typename DescriptorT::OptionsType>();
+  typename DescriptorT::OptionsType* const dummy = nullptr;
+  typename DescriptorT::OptionsType* options = tables_->AllocateMessage(dummy);
+
+  if (!orig_options.IsInitialized()) {
+    AddError(name_scope + "." + element_name, orig_options,
+             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OPTION_NAME,
+             "Uninterpreted option is missing name or value.");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Avoid using MergeFrom()/CopyFrom() in this class to make it -fno-rtti
+  // friendly. Without RTTI, MergeFrom() and CopyFrom() will fallback to the
+  // reflection based method, which requires the Descriptor. However, we are in
+  // the middle of building the descriptors, thus the deadlock.
+  options->ParseFromString(orig_options.SerializeAsString());
+  descriptor->options_ = options;
+
+  // Don't add to options_to_interpret_ unless there were uninterpreted
+  // options.  This not only avoids unnecessary work, but prevents a
+  // bootstrapping problem when building descriptors for descriptor.proto.
+  // descriptor.proto does not contain any uninterpreted options, but
+  // attempting to interpret options anyway will cause
+  // OptionsType::GetDescriptor() to be called which may then deadlock since
+  // we're still trying to build it.
+  if (options->uninterpreted_option_size() > 0) {
+    options_to_interpret_.push_back(OptionsToInterpret(
+        name_scope, element_name, options_path, &orig_options, options));
+  }
+
+  // If the custom option is in unknown fields, no need to interpret it.
+  // Remove the dependency file from unused_dependency.
+  const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields = orig_options.unknown_fields();
+  if (!unknown_fields.empty()) {
+    // Can not use options->GetDescriptor() which may case deadlock.
+    Symbol msg_symbol = tables_->FindSymbol(option_name);
+    if (msg_symbol.type == Symbol::MESSAGE) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < unknown_fields.field_count(); ++i) {
+        assert_mutex_held(pool_);
+        const FieldDescriptor* field =
+            pool_->InternalFindExtensionByNumberNoLock(
+                msg_symbol.descriptor, unknown_fields.field(i).number());
+        if (field) {
+          unused_dependency_.erase(field->file());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// A common pattern:  We want to convert a repeated field in the descriptor
+// to an array of values, calling some method to build each value.
+#define BUILD_ARRAY(INPUT, OUTPUT, NAME, METHOD, PARENT) \
+  OUTPUT->NAME##_count_ = INPUT.NAME##_size();           \
+  AllocateArray(INPUT.NAME##_size(), &OUTPUT->NAME##s_); \
+  for (int i = 0; i < INPUT.NAME##_size(); i++) {        \
+    METHOD(INPUT.NAME(i), PARENT, OUTPUT->NAME##s_ + i); \
+  }
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::AddRecursiveImportError(
+    const FileDescriptorProto& proto, int from_here) {
+  std::string error_message("File recursively imports itself: ");
+  for (int i = from_here; i < tables_->pending_files_.size(); i++) {
+    error_message.append(tables_->pending_files_[i]);
+    error_message.append(" -> ");
+  }
+  error_message.append(proto.name());
+
+  if (from_here < tables_->pending_files_.size() - 1) {
+    AddError(tables_->pending_files_[from_here + 1], proto,
+             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::IMPORT, error_message);
+  } else {
+    AddError(proto.name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::IMPORT,
+             error_message);
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::AddTwiceListedError(const FileDescriptorProto& proto,
+                                            int index) {
+  AddError(proto.dependency(index), proto,
+           DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::IMPORT,
+           "Import \"" + proto.dependency(index) + "\" was listed twice.");
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::AddImportError(const FileDescriptorProto& proto,
+                                       int index) {
+  std::string message;
+  if (pool_->fallback_database_ == nullptr) {
+    message = "Import \"" + proto.dependency(index) + "\" has not been loaded.";
+  } else {
+    message = "Import \"" + proto.dependency(index) +
+              "\" was not found or had errors.";
+  }
+  AddError(proto.dependency(index), proto,
+           DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::IMPORT, message);
+}
+
+static bool ExistingFileMatchesProto(const FileDescriptor* existing_file,
+                                     const FileDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  FileDescriptorProto existing_proto;
+  existing_file->CopyTo(&existing_proto);
+  // TODO(liujisi): Remove it when CopyTo supports copying syntax params when
+  // syntax="proto2".
+  if (existing_file->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2 &&
+      proto.has_syntax()) {
+    existing_proto.set_syntax(
+        existing_file->SyntaxName(existing_file->syntax()));
+  }
+
+  return existing_proto.SerializeAsString() == proto.SerializeAsString();
+}
+
+const FileDescriptor* DescriptorBuilder::BuildFile(
+    const FileDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  filename_ = proto.name();
+
+  // Check if the file already exists and is identical to the one being built.
+  // Note:  This only works if the input is canonical -- that is, it
+  //   fully-qualifies all type names, has no UninterpretedOptions, etc.
+  //   This is fine, because this idempotency "feature" really only exists to
+  //   accommodate one hack in the proto1->proto2 migration layer.
+  const FileDescriptor* existing_file = tables_->FindFile(filename_);
+  if (existing_file != nullptr) {
+    // File already in pool.  Compare the existing one to the input.
+    if (ExistingFileMatchesProto(existing_file, proto)) {
+      // They're identical.  Return the existing descriptor.
+      return existing_file;
+    }
+
+    // Not a match.  The error will be detected and handled later.
+  }
+
+  // Check to see if this file is already on the pending files list.
+  // TODO(kenton):  Allow recursive imports?  It may not work with some
+  //   (most?) programming languages.  E.g., in C++, a forward declaration
+  //   of a type is not sufficient to allow it to be used even in a
+  //   generated header file due to inlining.  This could perhaps be
+  //   worked around using tricks involving inserting #include statements
+  //   mid-file, but that's pretty ugly, and I'm pretty sure there are
+  //   some languages out there that do not allow recursive dependencies
+  //   at all.
+  for (int i = 0; i < tables_->pending_files_.size(); i++) {
+    if (tables_->pending_files_[i] == proto.name()) {
+      AddRecursiveImportError(proto, i);
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If we have a fallback_database_, and we aren't doing lazy import building,
+  // attempt to load all dependencies now, before checkpointing tables_.  This
+  // avoids confusion with recursive checkpoints.
+  if (!pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_) {
+    if (pool_->fallback_database_ != nullptr) {
+      tables_->pending_files_.push_back(proto.name());
+      for (int i = 0; i < proto.dependency_size(); i++) {
+        if (tables_->FindFile(proto.dependency(i)) == nullptr &&
+            (pool_->underlay_ == nullptr ||
+             pool_->underlay_->FindFileByName(proto.dependency(i)) ==
+                 nullptr)) {
+          // We don't care what this returns since we'll find out below anyway.
+          pool_->TryFindFileInFallbackDatabase(proto.dependency(i));
+        }
+      }
+      tables_->pending_files_.pop_back();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Checkpoint the tables so that we can roll back if something goes wrong.
+  tables_->AddCheckpoint();
+
+  FileDescriptor* result = BuildFileImpl(proto);
+
+  file_tables_->FinalizeTables();
+  if (result) {
+    tables_->ClearLastCheckpoint();
+    result->finished_building_ = true;
+  } else {
+    tables_->RollbackToLastCheckpoint();
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+FileDescriptor* DescriptorBuilder::BuildFileImpl(
+    const FileDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  FileDescriptor* result = tables_->Allocate<FileDescriptor>();
+  file_ = result;
+
+  result->is_placeholder_ = false;
+  result->finished_building_ = false;
+  SourceCodeInfo* info = nullptr;
+  if (proto.has_source_code_info()) {
+    info = tables_->AllocateMessage<SourceCodeInfo>();
+    info->CopyFrom(proto.source_code_info());
+    result->source_code_info_ = info;
+  } else {
+    result->source_code_info_ = &SourceCodeInfo::default_instance();
+  }
+
+  file_tables_ = tables_->AllocateFileTables();
+  file_->tables_ = file_tables_;
+
+  if (!proto.has_name()) {
+    AddError("", proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OTHER,
+             "Missing field: FileDescriptorProto.name.");
+  }
+
+  // TODO(liujisi): Report error when the syntax is empty after all the protos
+  // have added the syntax statement.
+  if (proto.syntax().empty() || proto.syntax() == "proto2") {
+    file_->syntax_ = FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2;
+  } else if (proto.syntax() == "proto3") {
+    file_->syntax_ = FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+  } else {
+    file_->syntax_ = FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_UNKNOWN;
+    AddError(proto.name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OTHER,
+             "Unrecognized syntax: " + proto.syntax());
+  }
+
+  result->name_ = tables_->AllocateString(proto.name());
+  if (proto.has_package()) {
+    result->package_ = tables_->AllocateString(proto.package());
+  } else {
+    // We cannot rely on proto.package() returning a valid string if
+    // proto.has_package() is false, because we might be running at static
+    // initialization time, in which case default values have not yet been
+    // initialized.
+    result->package_ = tables_->AllocateString("");
+  }
+  result->pool_ = pool_;
+
+  // Add to tables.
+  if (!tables_->AddFile(result)) {
+    AddError(proto.name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OTHER,
+             "A file with this name is already in the pool.");
+    // Bail out early so that if this is actually the exact same file, we
+    // don't end up reporting that every single symbol is already defined.
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  if (!result->package().empty()) {
+    AddPackage(result->package(), proto, result);
+  }
+
+  // Make sure all dependencies are loaded.
+  std::set<std::string> seen_dependencies;
+  result->dependency_count_ = proto.dependency_size();
+  result->dependencies_ =
+      tables_->AllocateArray<const FileDescriptor*>(proto.dependency_size());
+  if (pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_) {
+    result->dependencies_once_ = tables_->AllocateOnceDynamic();
+    result->dependencies_names_ =
+        tables_->AllocateArray<const std::string*>(proto.dependency_size());
+    if (proto.dependency_size() > 0) {
+      memset(result->dependencies_names_, 0,
+             sizeof(*result->dependencies_names_) * proto.dependency_size());
+    }
+  } else {
+    result->dependencies_once_ = nullptr;
+    result->dependencies_names_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  unused_dependency_.clear();
+  std::set<int> weak_deps;
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto.weak_dependency_size(); ++i) {
+    weak_deps.insert(proto.weak_dependency(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto.dependency_size(); i++) {
+    if (!seen_dependencies.insert(proto.dependency(i)).second) {
+      AddTwiceListedError(proto, i);
+    }
+
+    const FileDescriptor* dependency = tables_->FindFile(proto.dependency(i));
+    if (dependency == nullptr && pool_->underlay_ != nullptr) {
+      dependency = pool_->underlay_->FindFileByName(proto.dependency(i));
+    }
+
+    if (dependency == result) {
+      // Recursive import.  dependency/result is not fully initialized, and it's
+      // dangerous to try to do anything with it.  The recursive import error
+      // will be detected and reported in DescriptorBuilder::BuildFile().
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (dependency == nullptr) {
+      if (!pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_) {
+        if (pool_->allow_unknown_ ||
+            (!pool_->enforce_weak_ && weak_deps.find(i) != weak_deps.end())) {
+          dependency =
+              pool_->NewPlaceholderFileWithMutexHeld(proto.dependency(i));
+        } else {
+          AddImportError(proto, i);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Add to unused_dependency_ to track unused imported files.
+      // Note: do not track unused imported files for public import.
+      if (pool_->enforce_dependencies_ &&
+          (pool_->unused_import_track_files_.find(proto.name()) !=
+           pool_->unused_import_track_files_.end()) &&
+          (dependency->public_dependency_count() == 0)) {
+        unused_dependency_.insert(dependency);
+      }
+    }
+
+    result->dependencies_[i] = dependency;
+    if (pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_ && !dependency) {
+      result->dependencies_names_[i] =
+          tables_->AllocateString(proto.dependency(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check public dependencies.
+  int public_dependency_count = 0;
+  result->public_dependencies_ =
+      tables_->AllocateArray<int>(proto.public_dependency_size());
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto.public_dependency_size(); i++) {
+    // Only put valid public dependency indexes.
+    int index = proto.public_dependency(i);
+    if (index >= 0 && index < proto.dependency_size()) {
+      result->public_dependencies_[public_dependency_count++] = index;
+      // Do not track unused imported files for public import.
+      // Calling dependency(i) builds that file when doing lazy imports,
+      // need to avoid doing this. Unused dependency detection isn't done
+      // when building lazily, anyways.
+      if (!pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_) {
+        unused_dependency_.erase(result->dependency(index));
+      }
+    } else {
+      AddError(proto.name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OTHER,
+               "Invalid public dependency index.");
+    }
+  }
+  result->public_dependency_count_ = public_dependency_count;
+
+  // Build dependency set
+  dependencies_.clear();
+  // We don't/can't do proper dependency error checking when
+  // lazily_build_dependencies_, and calling dependency(i) will force
+  // a dependency to be built, which we don't want.
+  if (!pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < result->dependency_count(); i++) {
+      RecordPublicDependencies(result->dependency(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check weak dependencies.
+  int weak_dependency_count = 0;
+  result->weak_dependencies_ =
+      tables_->AllocateArray<int>(proto.weak_dependency_size());
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto.weak_dependency_size(); i++) {
+    int index = proto.weak_dependency(i);
+    if (index >= 0 && index < proto.dependency_size()) {
+      result->weak_dependencies_[weak_dependency_count++] = index;
+    } else {
+      AddError(proto.name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OTHER,
+               "Invalid weak dependency index.");
+    }
+  }
+  result->weak_dependency_count_ = weak_dependency_count;
+
+  // Convert children.
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, message_type, BuildMessage, nullptr);
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, enum_type, BuildEnum, nullptr);
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, service, BuildService, nullptr);
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, extension, BuildExtension, nullptr);
+
+  // Copy options.
+  if (!proto.has_options()) {
+    result->options_ = nullptr;  // Will set to default_instance later.
+  } else {
+    AllocateOptions(proto.options(), result);
+  }
+
+  // Note that the following steps must occur in exactly the specified order.
+
+  // Cross-link.
+  CrossLinkFile(result, proto);
+
+  // Interpret any remaining uninterpreted options gathered into
+  // options_to_interpret_ during descriptor building.  Cross-linking has made
+  // extension options known, so all interpretations should now succeed.
+  if (!had_errors_) {
+    OptionInterpreter option_interpreter(this);
+    for (std::vector<OptionsToInterpret>::iterator iter =
+             options_to_interpret_.begin();
+         iter != options_to_interpret_.end(); ++iter) {
+      option_interpreter.InterpretOptions(&(*iter));
+    }
+    options_to_interpret_.clear();
+    if (info != nullptr) {
+      option_interpreter.UpdateSourceCodeInfo(info);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Validate options. See comments at InternalSetLazilyBuildDependencies about
+  // error checking and lazy import building.
+  if (!had_errors_ && !pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_) {
+    ValidateFileOptions(result, proto);
+  }
+
+  // Additional naming conflict check for map entry types. Only need to check
+  // this if there are already errors.
+  if (had_errors_) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < proto.message_type_size(); ++i) {
+      DetectMapConflicts(result->message_type(i), proto.message_type(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  // Again, see comments at InternalSetLazilyBuildDependencies about error
+  // checking.
+  if (!unused_dependency_.empty() && !pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_) {
+    LogUnusedDependency(proto, result);
+  }
+
+  if (had_errors_) {
+    return nullptr;
+  } else {
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+
+std::string* DescriptorBuilder::AllocateNameString(
+    const std::string& scope, const std::string& proto_name) {
+  std::string* full_name;
+  if (scope.empty()) {
+    full_name = tables_->AllocateString(proto_name);
+  } else {
+    full_name = tables_->AllocateEmptyString();
+    *full_name = StrCat(scope, ".", proto_name);
+  }
+  return full_name;
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::BuildMessage(const DescriptorProto& proto,
+                                     const Descriptor* parent,
+                                     Descriptor* result) {
+  const std::string& scope =
+      (parent == nullptr) ? file_->package() : parent->full_name();
+  std::string* full_name = AllocateNameString(scope, proto.name());
+  ValidateSymbolName(proto.name(), *full_name, proto);
+
+  result->name_ = tables_->AllocateString(proto.name());
+  result->full_name_ = full_name;
+  result->file_ = file_;
+  result->containing_type_ = parent;
+  result->is_placeholder_ = false;
+  result->is_unqualified_placeholder_ = false;
+
+  // Build oneofs first so that fields and extension ranges can refer to them.
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, oneof_decl, BuildOneof, result);
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, field, BuildField, result);
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, nested_type, BuildMessage, result);
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, enum_type, BuildEnum, result);
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, extension_range, BuildExtensionRange, result);
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, extension, BuildExtension, result);
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, reserved_range, BuildReservedRange, result);
+
+  // Copy reserved names.
+  int reserved_name_count = proto.reserved_name_size();
+  result->reserved_name_count_ = reserved_name_count;
+  result->reserved_names_ =
+      tables_->AllocateArray<const std::string*>(reserved_name_count);
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_name_count; ++i) {
+    result->reserved_names_[i] =
+        tables_->AllocateString(proto.reserved_name(i));
+  }
+
+  // Copy options.
+  if (!proto.has_options()) {
+    result->options_ = nullptr;  // Will set to default_instance later.
+  } else {
+    AllocateOptions(proto.options(), result,
+                    DescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                    "google.protobuf.MessageOptions");
+  }
+
+  AddSymbol(result->full_name(), parent, result->name(), proto, Symbol(result));
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto.reserved_range_size(); i++) {
+    const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& range1 = proto.reserved_range(i);
+    for (int j = i + 1; j < proto.reserved_range_size(); j++) {
+      const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& range2 = proto.reserved_range(j);
+      if (range1.end() > range2.start() && range2.end() > range1.start()) {
+        AddError(result->full_name(), proto.reserved_range(i),
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+                 strings::Substitute("Reserved range $0 to $1 overlaps with "
+                                     "already-defined range $2 to $3.",
+                                     range2.start(), range2.end() - 1,
+                                     range1.start(), range1.end() - 1));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  HASH_SET<std::string> reserved_name_set;
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto.reserved_name_size(); i++) {
+    const std::string& name = proto.reserved_name(i);
+    if (reserved_name_set.find(name) == reserved_name_set.end()) {
+      reserved_name_set.insert(name);
+    } else {
+      AddError(name, proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+               strings::Substitute(
+                   "Field name \"$0\" is reserved multiple times.", name));
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < result->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = result->field(i);
+    for (int j = 0; j < result->extension_range_count(); j++) {
+      const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range = result->extension_range(j);
+      if (range->start <= field->number() && field->number() < range->end) {
+        AddError(
+            field->full_name(), proto.extension_range(j),
+            DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+            strings::Substitute(
+                "Extension range $0 to $1 includes field \"$2\" ($3).",
+                range->start, range->end - 1, field->name(), field->number()));
+      }
+    }
+    for (int j = 0; j < result->reserved_range_count(); j++) {
+      const Descriptor::ReservedRange* range = result->reserved_range(j);
+      if (range->start <= field->number() && field->number() < range->end) {
+        AddError(field->full_name(), proto.reserved_range(j),
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+                 strings::Substitute("Field \"$0\" uses reserved number $1.",
+                                     field->name(), field->number()));
+      }
+    }
+    if (reserved_name_set.find(field->name()) != reserved_name_set.end()) {
+      AddError(
+          field->full_name(), proto.field(i),
+          DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+          strings::Substitute("Field name \"$0\" is reserved.", field->name()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check that extension ranges don't overlap and don't include
+  // reserved field numbers.
+  for (int i = 0; i < result->extension_range_count(); i++) {
+    const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range1 = result->extension_range(i);
+    for (int j = 0; j < result->reserved_range_count(); j++) {
+      const Descriptor::ReservedRange* range2 = result->reserved_range(j);
+      if (range1->end > range2->start && range2->end > range1->start) {
+        AddError(result->full_name(), proto.extension_range(i),
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+                 strings::Substitute("Extension range $0 to $1 overlaps with "
+                                     "reserved range $2 to $3.",
+                                     range1->start, range1->end - 1,
+                                     range2->start, range2->end - 1));
+      }
+    }
+    for (int j = i + 1; j < result->extension_range_count(); j++) {
+      const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range2 = result->extension_range(j);
+      if (range1->end > range2->start && range2->end > range1->start) {
+        AddError(result->full_name(), proto.extension_range(i),
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+                 strings::Substitute("Extension range $0 to $1 overlaps with "
+                                     "already-defined range $2 to $3.",
+                                     range2->start, range2->end - 1,
+                                     range1->start, range1->end - 1));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::BuildFieldOrExtension(const FieldDescriptorProto& proto,
+                                              const Descriptor* parent,
+                                              FieldDescriptor* result,
+                                              bool is_extension) {
+  const std::string& scope =
+      (parent == nullptr) ? file_->package() : parent->full_name();
+  std::string* full_name = AllocateNameString(scope, proto.name());
+  ValidateSymbolName(proto.name(), *full_name, proto);
+
+  result->name_ = tables_->AllocateString(proto.name());
+  result->full_name_ = full_name;
+  result->file_ = file_;
+  result->number_ = proto.number();
+  result->is_extension_ = is_extension;
+
+  // If .proto files follow the style guide then the name should already be
+  // lower-cased.  If that's the case we can just reuse the string we
+  // already allocated rather than allocate a new one.
+  std::string lowercase_name(proto.name());
+  LowerString(&lowercase_name);
+  if (lowercase_name == proto.name()) {
+    result->lowercase_name_ = result->name_;
+  } else {
+    result->lowercase_name_ = tables_->AllocateString(lowercase_name);
+  }
+
+  // Don't bother with the above optimization for camel-case names since
+  // .proto files that follow the guide shouldn't be using names in this
+  // format, so the optimization wouldn't help much.
+  result->camelcase_name_ =
+      tables_->AllocateString(ToCamelCase(proto.name(),
+                                          /* lower_first = */ true));
+
+  if (proto.has_json_name()) {
+    result->has_json_name_ = true;
+    result->json_name_ = tables_->AllocateString(proto.json_name());
+  } else {
+    result->has_json_name_ = false;
+    result->json_name_ = tables_->AllocateString(ToJsonName(proto.name()));
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers do not allow static_cast directly between two enum types,
+  // so we must cast to int first.
+  result->type_ = static_cast<FieldDescriptor::Type>(
+      implicit_cast<int>(proto.type()));
+  result->label_ = static_cast<FieldDescriptor::Label>(
+      implicit_cast<int>(proto.label()));
+
+  // An extension cannot have a required field (b/13365836).
+  if (result->is_extension_ &&
+      result->label_ == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REQUIRED) {
+    AddError(result->full_name(), proto,
+             // Error location `TYPE`: we would really like to indicate
+             // `LABEL`, but the `ErrorLocation` enum has no entry for this, and
+             // we don't necessarily know about all implementations of the
+             // `ErrorCollector` interface to extend them to handle the new
+             // error location type properly.
+             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+             "The extension " + result->full_name() + " cannot be required.");
+  }
+
+  // Some of these may be filled in when cross-linking.
+  result->containing_type_ = nullptr;
+  result->extension_scope_ = nullptr;
+  result->message_type_ = nullptr;
+  result->enum_type_ = nullptr;
+  result->type_name_ = nullptr;
+  result->type_once_ = nullptr;
+  result->default_value_enum_ = nullptr;
+  result->default_value_enum_name_ = nullptr;
+
+  result->has_default_value_ = proto.has_default_value();
+  if (proto.has_default_value() && result->is_repeated()) {
+    AddError(result->full_name(), proto,
+             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::DEFAULT_VALUE,
+             "Repeated fields can't have default values.");
+  }
+
+  if (proto.has_type()) {
+    if (proto.has_default_value()) {
+      char* end_pos = nullptr;
+      switch (result->cpp_type()) {
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+          result->default_value_int32_ =
+              strtol(proto.default_value().c_str(), &end_pos, 0);
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+          result->default_value_int64_ =
+              strto64(proto.default_value().c_str(), &end_pos, 0);
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+          result->default_value_uint32_ =
+              strtoul(proto.default_value().c_str(), &end_pos, 0);
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+          result->default_value_uint64_ =
+              strtou64(proto.default_value().c_str(), &end_pos, 0);
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+          if (proto.default_value() == "inf") {
+            result->default_value_float_ =
+                std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
+          } else if (proto.default_value() == "-inf") {
+            result->default_value_float_ =
+                -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
+          } else if (proto.default_value() == "nan") {
+            result->default_value_float_ =
+                std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN();
+          } else {
+            result->default_value_float_ = io::SafeDoubleToFloat(
+                io::NoLocaleStrtod(proto.default_value().c_str(), &end_pos));
+          }
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+          if (proto.default_value() == "inf") {
+            result->default_value_double_ =
+                std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+          } else if (proto.default_value() == "-inf") {
+            result->default_value_double_ =
+                -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+          } else if (proto.default_value() == "nan") {
+            result->default_value_double_ =
+                std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+          } else {
+            result->default_value_double_ =
+                io::NoLocaleStrtod(proto.default_value().c_str(), &end_pos);
+          }
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+          if (proto.default_value() == "true") {
+            result->default_value_bool_ = true;
+          } else if (proto.default_value() == "false") {
+            result->default_value_bool_ = false;
+          } else {
+            AddError(result->full_name(), proto,
+                     DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::DEFAULT_VALUE,
+                     "Boolean default must be true or false.");
+          }
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+          // This will be filled in when cross-linking.
+          result->default_value_enum_ = nullptr;
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+          if (result->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+            result->default_value_string_ = tables_->AllocateString(
+                UnescapeCEscapeString(proto.default_value()));
+          } else {
+            result->default_value_string_ =
+                tables_->AllocateString(proto.default_value());
+          }
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+          AddError(result->full_name(), proto,
+                   DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::DEFAULT_VALUE,
+                   "Messages can't have default values.");
+          result->has_default_value_ = false;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      if (end_pos != nullptr) {
+        // end_pos is only set non-null by the parsers for numeric types,
+        // above. This checks that the default was non-empty and had no extra
+        // junk after the end of the number.
+        if (proto.default_value().empty() || *end_pos != '\0') {
+          AddError(result->full_name(), proto,
+                   DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::DEFAULT_VALUE,
+                   "Couldn't parse default value \"" + proto.default_value() +
+                       "\".");
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // No explicit default value
+      switch (result->cpp_type()) {
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+          result->default_value_int32_ = 0;
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+          result->default_value_int64_ = 0;
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+          result->default_value_uint32_ = 0;
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+          result->default_value_uint64_ = 0;
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+          result->default_value_float_ = 0.0f;
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+          result->default_value_double_ = 0.0;
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+          result->default_value_bool_ = false;
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+          // This will be filled in when cross-linking.
+          result->default_value_enum_ = nullptr;
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+          result->default_value_string_ = &internal::GetEmptyString();
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (result->number() <= 0) {
+    AddError(result->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+             "Field numbers must be positive integers.");
+  } else if (!is_extension && result->number() > FieldDescriptor::kMaxNumber) {
+    // Only validate that the number is within the valid field range if it is
+    // not an extension. Since extension numbers are validated with the
+    // extendee's valid set of extension numbers, and those are in turn
+    // validated against the max allowed number, the check is unnecessary for
+    // extension fields.
+    // This avoids cross-linking issues that arise when attempting to check if
+    // the extendee is a message_set_wire_format message, which has a higher max
+    // on extension numbers.
+    AddError(result->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+             strings::Substitute("Field numbers cannot be greater than $0.",
+                                 FieldDescriptor::kMaxNumber));
+  } else if (result->number() >= FieldDescriptor::kFirstReservedNumber &&
+             result->number() <= FieldDescriptor::kLastReservedNumber) {
+    AddError(result->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+             strings::Substitute(
+                 "Field numbers $0 through $1 are reserved for the protocol "
+                 "buffer library implementation.",
+                 FieldDescriptor::kFirstReservedNumber,
+                 FieldDescriptor::kLastReservedNumber));
+  }
+
+  if (is_extension) {
+    if (!proto.has_extendee()) {
+      AddError(result->full_name(), proto,
+               DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::EXTENDEE,
+               "FieldDescriptorProto.extendee not set for extension field.");
+    }
+
+    result->extension_scope_ = parent;
+
+    if (proto.has_oneof_index()) {
+      AddError(result->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+               "FieldDescriptorProto.oneof_index should not be set for "
+               "extensions.");
+    }
+
+    // Fill in later (maybe).
+    result->containing_oneof_ = nullptr;
+  } else {
+    if (proto.has_extendee()) {
+      AddError(result->full_name(), proto,
+               DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::EXTENDEE,
+               "FieldDescriptorProto.extendee set for non-extension field.");
+    }
+
+    result->containing_type_ = parent;
+
+    if (proto.has_oneof_index()) {
+      if (proto.oneof_index() < 0 ||
+          proto.oneof_index() >= parent->oneof_decl_count()) {
+        AddError(result->full_name(), proto,
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+                 strings::Substitute("FieldDescriptorProto.oneof_index $0 is "
+                                     "out of range for type \"$1\".",
+                                     proto.oneof_index(), parent->name()));
+        result->containing_oneof_ = nullptr;
+      } else {
+        result->containing_oneof_ = parent->oneof_decl(proto.oneof_index());
+      }
+    } else {
+      result->containing_oneof_ = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Copy options.
+  if (!proto.has_options()) {
+    result->options_ = nullptr;  // Will set to default_instance later.
+  } else {
+    AllocateOptions(proto.options(), result,
+                    FieldDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                    "google.protobuf.FieldOptions");
+  }
+
+
+  AddSymbol(result->full_name(), parent, result->name(), proto, Symbol(result));
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::BuildExtensionRange(
+    const DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange& proto, const Descriptor* parent,
+    Descriptor::ExtensionRange* result) {
+  result->start = proto.start();
+  result->end = proto.end();
+  if (result->start <= 0) {
+    AddError(parent->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+             "Extension numbers must be positive integers.");
+  }
+
+  // Checking of the upper bound of the extension range is deferred until after
+  // options interpreting. This allows messages with message_set_wire_format to
+  // have extensions beyond FieldDescriptor::kMaxNumber, since the extension
+  // numbers are actually used as int32s in the message_set_wire_format.
+
+  if (result->start >= result->end) {
+    AddError(parent->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+             "Extension range end number must be greater than start number.");
+  }
+
+  if (!proto.has_options()) {
+    result->options_ = nullptr;  // Will set to default_instance later.
+  } else {
+    std::vector<int> options_path;
+    parent->GetLocationPath(&options_path);
+    options_path.push_back(DescriptorProto::kExtensionRangeFieldNumber);
+    // find index of this extension range in order to compute path
+    int index;
+    for (index = 0; parent->extension_ranges_ + index != result; index++) {
+    }
+    options_path.push_back(index);
+    options_path.push_back(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::kOptionsFieldNumber);
+    AllocateOptionsImpl(parent->full_name(), parent->full_name(),
+                        proto.options(), result, options_path,
+                        "google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions");
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::BuildReservedRange(
+    const DescriptorProto::ReservedRange& proto, const Descriptor* parent,
+    Descriptor::ReservedRange* result) {
+  result->start = proto.start();
+  result->end = proto.end();
+  if (result->start <= 0) {
+    AddError(parent->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+             "Reserved numbers must be positive integers.");
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::BuildReservedRange(
+    const EnumDescriptorProto::EnumReservedRange& proto,
+    const EnumDescriptor* parent, EnumDescriptor::ReservedRange* result) {
+  result->start = proto.start();
+  result->end = proto.end();
+
+  if (result->start > result->end) {
+    AddError(parent->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+             "Reserved range end number must be greater than start number.");
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::BuildOneof(const OneofDescriptorProto& proto,
+                                   Descriptor* parent,
+                                   OneofDescriptor* result) {
+  std::string* full_name =
+      AllocateNameString(parent->full_name(), proto.name());
+  ValidateSymbolName(proto.name(), *full_name, proto);
+
+  result->name_ = tables_->AllocateString(proto.name());
+  result->full_name_ = full_name;
+
+  result->containing_type_ = parent;
+
+  // We need to fill these in later.
+  result->field_count_ = 0;
+  result->fields_ = nullptr;
+  result->options_ = nullptr;
+
+  // Copy options.
+  if (proto.has_options()) {
+    AllocateOptions(proto.options(), result,
+                    OneofDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                    "google.protobuf.OneofOptions");
+  }
+
+  AddSymbol(result->full_name(), parent, result->name(), proto, Symbol(result));
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::CheckEnumValueUniqueness(
+    const EnumDescriptorProto& proto, const EnumDescriptor* result) {
+
+  // Check that enum labels are still unique when we remove the enum prefix from
+  // values that have it.
+  //
+  // This will fail for something like:
+  //
+  //   enum MyEnum {
+  //     MY_ENUM_FOO = 0;
+  //     FOO = 1;
+  //   }
+  //
+  // By enforcing this reasonable constraint, we allow code generators to strip
+  // the prefix and/or PascalCase it without creating conflicts.  This can lead
+  // to much nicer language-specific enums like:
+  //
+  //   enum NameType {
+  //     FirstName = 1,
+  //     LastName = 2,
+  //   }
+  //
+  // Instead of:
+  //
+  //   enum NameType {
+  //     NAME_TYPE_FIRST_NAME = 1,
+  //     NAME_TYPE_LAST_NAME = 2,
+  //   }
+  PrefixRemover remover(result->name());
+  std::map<std::string, const EnumValueDescriptor*> values;
+  for (int i = 0; i < result->value_count(); i++) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value = result->value(i);
+    std::string stripped =
+        EnumValueToPascalCase(remover.MaybeRemove(value->name()));
+    std::pair<std::map<std::string, const EnumValueDescriptor*>::iterator, bool>
+        insert_result = values.insert(std::make_pair(stripped, value));
+    bool inserted = insert_result.second;
+
+    // We don't throw the error if the two conflicting symbols are identical, or
+    // if they map to the same number.  In the former case, the normal symbol
+    // duplication error will fire so we don't need to (and its error message
+    // will make more sense). We allow the latter case so users can create
+    // aliases which add or remove the prefix (code generators that do prefix
+    // stripping should de-dup the labels in this case).
+    if (!inserted && insert_result.first->second->name() != value->name() &&
+        insert_result.first->second->number() != value->number()) {
+      std::string error_message =
+          "Enum name " + value->name() + " has the same name as " +
+          values[stripped]->name() +
+          " if you ignore case and strip out the enum name prefix (if any). "
+          "This is error-prone and can lead to undefined behavior. "
+          "Please avoid doing this. If you are using allow_alias, please "
+          "assign the same numeric value to both enums.";
+      // There are proto2 enums out there with conflicting names, so to preserve
+      // compatibility we issue only a warning for proto2.
+      if (result->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2) {
+        AddWarning(value->full_name(), proto.value(i),
+                   DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME, error_message);
+      } else {
+        AddError(value->full_name(), proto.value(i),
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME, error_message);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::BuildEnum(const EnumDescriptorProto& proto,
+                                  const Descriptor* parent,
+                                  EnumDescriptor* result) {
+  const std::string& scope =
+      (parent == nullptr) ? file_->package() : parent->full_name();
+  std::string* full_name = AllocateNameString(scope, proto.name());
+  ValidateSymbolName(proto.name(), *full_name, proto);
+
+  result->name_ = tables_->AllocateString(proto.name());
+  result->full_name_ = full_name;
+  result->file_ = file_;
+  result->containing_type_ = parent;
+  result->is_placeholder_ = false;
+  result->is_unqualified_placeholder_ = false;
+
+  if (proto.value_size() == 0) {
+    // We cannot allow enums with no values because this would mean there
+    // would be no valid default value for fields of this type.
+    AddError(result->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+             "Enums must contain at least one value.");
+  }
+
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, value, BuildEnumValue, result);
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, reserved_range, BuildReservedRange, result);
+
+  // Copy reserved names.
+  int reserved_name_count = proto.reserved_name_size();
+  result->reserved_name_count_ = reserved_name_count;
+  result->reserved_names_ =
+      tables_->AllocateArray<const std::string*>(reserved_name_count);
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_name_count; ++i) {
+    result->reserved_names_[i] =
+        tables_->AllocateString(proto.reserved_name(i));
+  }
+
+  CheckEnumValueUniqueness(proto, result);
+
+  // Copy options.
+  if (!proto.has_options()) {
+    result->options_ = nullptr;  // Will set to default_instance later.
+  } else {
+    AllocateOptions(proto.options(), result,
+                    EnumDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                    "google.protobuf.EnumOptions");
+  }
+
+  AddSymbol(result->full_name(), parent, result->name(), proto, Symbol(result));
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto.reserved_range_size(); i++) {
+    const EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& range1 =
+        proto.reserved_range(i);
+    for (int j = i + 1; j < proto.reserved_range_size(); j++) {
+      const EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& range2 =
+          proto.reserved_range(j);
+      if (range1.end() >= range2.start() && range2.end() >= range1.start()) {
+        AddError(result->full_name(), proto.reserved_range(i),
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+                 strings::Substitute("Reserved range $0 to $1 overlaps with "
+                                     "already-defined range $2 to $3.",
+                                     range2.start(), range2.end(),
+                                     range1.start(), range1.end()));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  HASH_SET<std::string> reserved_name_set;
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto.reserved_name_size(); i++) {
+    const std::string& name = proto.reserved_name(i);
+    if (reserved_name_set.find(name) == reserved_name_set.end()) {
+      reserved_name_set.insert(name);
+    } else {
+      AddError(name, proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+               strings::Substitute(
+                   "Enum value \"$0\" is reserved multiple times.", name));
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < result->value_count(); i++) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value = result->value(i);
+    for (int j = 0; j < result->reserved_range_count(); j++) {
+      const EnumDescriptor::ReservedRange* range = result->reserved_range(j);
+      if (range->start <= value->number() && value->number() <= range->end) {
+        AddError(
+            value->full_name(), proto.reserved_range(j),
+            DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+            strings::Substitute("Enum value \"$0\" uses reserved number $1.",
+                                value->name(), value->number()));
+      }
+    }
+    if (reserved_name_set.find(value->name()) != reserved_name_set.end()) {
+      AddError(
+          value->full_name(), proto.value(i),
+          DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+          strings::Substitute("Enum value \"$0\" is reserved.", value->name()));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::BuildEnumValue(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& proto,
+                                       const EnumDescriptor* parent,
+                                       EnumValueDescriptor* result) {
+  result->name_ = tables_->AllocateString(proto.name());
+  result->number_ = proto.number();
+  result->type_ = parent;
+
+  // Note:  full_name for enum values is a sibling to the parent's name, not a
+  //   child of it.
+  std::string* full_name = tables_->AllocateEmptyString();
+  size_t scope_len = parent->full_name_->size() - parent->name_->size();
+  full_name->reserve(scope_len + result->name_->size());
+  full_name->append(parent->full_name_->data(), scope_len);
+  full_name->append(*result->name_);
+  result->full_name_ = full_name;
+
+  ValidateSymbolName(proto.name(), *full_name, proto);
+
+  // Copy options.
+  if (!proto.has_options()) {
+    result->options_ = nullptr;  // Will set to default_instance later.
+  } else {
+    AllocateOptions(proto.options(), result,
+                    EnumValueDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                    "google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions");
+  }
+
+  // Again, enum values are weird because we makes them appear as siblings
+  // of the enum type instead of children of it.  So, we use
+  // parent->containing_type() as the value's parent.
+  bool added_to_outer_scope =
+      AddSymbol(result->full_name(), parent->containing_type(), result->name(),
+                proto, Symbol(result));
+
+  // However, we also want to be able to search for values within a single
+  // enum type, so we add it as a child of the enum type itself, too.
+  // Note:  This could fail, but if it does, the error has already been
+  //   reported by the above AddSymbol() call, so we ignore the return code.
+  bool added_to_inner_scope =
+      file_tables_->AddAliasUnderParent(parent, result->name(), Symbol(result));
+
+  if (added_to_inner_scope && !added_to_outer_scope) {
+    // This value did not conflict with any values defined in the same enum,
+    // but it did conflict with some other symbol defined in the enum type's
+    // scope.  Let's print an additional error to explain this.
+    std::string outer_scope;
+    if (parent->containing_type() == nullptr) {
+      outer_scope = file_->package();
+    } else {
+      outer_scope = parent->containing_type()->full_name();
+    }
+
+    if (outer_scope.empty()) {
+      outer_scope = "the global scope";
+    } else {
+      outer_scope = "\"" + outer_scope + "\"";
+    }
+
+    AddError(result->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+             "Note that enum values use C++ scoping rules, meaning that "
+             "enum values are siblings of their type, not children of it.  "
+             "Therefore, \"" +
+                 result->name() + "\" must be unique within " + outer_scope +
+                 ", not just within \"" + parent->name() + "\".");
+  }
+
+  // An enum is allowed to define two numbers that refer to the same value.
+  // FindValueByNumber() should return the first such value, so we simply
+  // ignore AddEnumValueByNumber()'s return code.
+  file_tables_->AddEnumValueByNumber(result);
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::BuildService(const ServiceDescriptorProto& proto,
+                                     const void* /* dummy */,
+                                     ServiceDescriptor* result) {
+  std::string* full_name = AllocateNameString(file_->package(), proto.name());
+  ValidateSymbolName(proto.name(), *full_name, proto);
+
+  result->name_ = tables_->AllocateString(proto.name());
+  result->full_name_ = full_name;
+  result->file_ = file_;
+
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, method, BuildMethod, result);
+
+  // Copy options.
+  if (!proto.has_options()) {
+    result->options_ = nullptr;  // Will set to default_instance later.
+  } else {
+    AllocateOptions(proto.options(), result,
+                    ServiceDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                    "google.protobuf.ServiceOptions");
+  }
+
+  AddSymbol(result->full_name(), nullptr, result->name(), proto,
+            Symbol(result));
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::BuildMethod(const MethodDescriptorProto& proto,
+                                    const ServiceDescriptor* parent,
+                                    MethodDescriptor* result) {
+  result->name_ = tables_->AllocateString(proto.name());
+  result->service_ = parent;
+
+  std::string* full_name =
+      AllocateNameString(parent->full_name(), *result->name_);
+  result->full_name_ = full_name;
+
+  ValidateSymbolName(proto.name(), *full_name, proto);
+
+  // These will be filled in when cross-linking.
+  result->input_type_.Init();
+  result->output_type_.Init();
+
+  // Copy options.
+  if (!proto.has_options()) {
+    result->options_ = nullptr;  // Will set to default_instance later.
+  } else {
+    AllocateOptions(proto.options(), result,
+                    MethodDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                    "google.protobuf.MethodOptions");
+  }
+
+  result->client_streaming_ = proto.client_streaming();
+  result->server_streaming_ = proto.server_streaming();
+
+  AddSymbol(result->full_name(), parent, result->name(), proto, Symbol(result));
+}
+
+#undef BUILD_ARRAY
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::CrossLinkFile(FileDescriptor* file,
+                                      const FileDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  if (file->options_ == nullptr) {
+    file->options_ = &FileOptions::default_instance();
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    CrossLinkMessage(&file->message_types_[i], proto.message_type(i));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->extension_count(); i++) {
+    CrossLinkField(&file->extensions_[i], proto.extension(i));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    CrossLinkEnum(&file->enum_types_[i], proto.enum_type(i));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->service_count(); i++) {
+    CrossLinkService(&file->services_[i], proto.service(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::CrossLinkMessage(Descriptor* message,
+                                         const DescriptorProto& proto) {
+  if (message->options_ == nullptr) {
+    message->options_ = &MessageOptions::default_instance();
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    CrossLinkMessage(&message->nested_types_[i], proto.nested_type(i));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    CrossLinkEnum(&message->enum_types_[i], proto.enum_type(i));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); i++) {
+    CrossLinkField(&message->fields_[i], proto.field(i));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->extension_count(); i++) {
+    CrossLinkField(&message->extensions_[i], proto.extension(i));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->extension_range_count(); i++) {
+    CrossLinkExtensionRange(&message->extension_ranges_[i],
+                            proto.extension_range(i));
+  }
+
+  // Set up field array for each oneof.
+
+  // First count the number of fields per oneof.
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); i++) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof_decl = message->field(i)->containing_oneof();
+    if (oneof_decl != nullptr) {
+      // Make sure fields belonging to the same oneof are defined consecutively.
+      // This enables optimizations in codegens and reflection libraries to
+      // skip fields in the oneof group, as only one of the field can be set.
+      // Note that field_count() returns how many fields in this oneof we have
+      // seen so far. field_count() > 0 guarantees that i > 0, so field(i-1) is
+      // safe.
+      if (oneof_decl->field_count() > 0 &&
+          message->field(i - 1)->containing_oneof() != oneof_decl) {
+        AddError(message->full_name() + "." + message->field(i - 1)->name(),
+                 proto.field(i - 1), DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+                 strings::Substitute(
+                     "Fields in the same oneof must be defined consecutively. "
+                     "\"$0\" cannot be defined before the completion of the "
+                     "\"$1\" oneof definition.",
+                     message->field(i - 1)->name(), oneof_decl->name()));
+      }
+      // Must go through oneof_decls_ array to get a non-const version of the
+      // OneofDescriptor.
+      ++message->oneof_decls_[oneof_decl->index()].field_count_;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Then allocate the arrays.
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    OneofDescriptor* oneof_decl = &message->oneof_decls_[i];
+
+    if (oneof_decl->field_count() == 0) {
+      AddError(message->full_name() + "." + oneof_decl->name(),
+               proto.oneof_decl(i), DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+               "Oneof must have at least one field.");
+    }
+
+    oneof_decl->fields_ = tables_->AllocateArray<const FieldDescriptor*>(
+        oneof_decl->field_count_);
+    oneof_decl->field_count_ = 0;
+
+    if (oneof_decl->options_ == nullptr) {
+      oneof_decl->options_ = &OneofOptions::default_instance();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Then fill them in.
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); i++) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof_decl = message->field(i)->containing_oneof();
+    if (oneof_decl != nullptr) {
+      OneofDescriptor* mutable_oneof_decl =
+          &message->oneof_decls_[oneof_decl->index()];
+      message->fields_[i].index_in_oneof_ = mutable_oneof_decl->field_count_;
+      mutable_oneof_decl->fields_[mutable_oneof_decl->field_count_++] =
+          message->field(i);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::CrossLinkExtensionRange(
+    Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range,
+    const DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange& proto) {
+  if (range->options_ == nullptr) {
+    range->options_ = &ExtensionRangeOptions::default_instance();
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::CrossLinkField(FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                       const FieldDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  if (field->options_ == nullptr) {
+    field->options_ = &FieldOptions::default_instance();
+  }
+
+  // Add the field to the lowercase-name and camelcase-name tables.
+  file_tables_->AddFieldByStylizedNames(field);
+
+  if (proto.has_extendee()) {
+    Symbol extendee =
+        LookupSymbol(proto.extendee(), field->full_name(),
+                     DescriptorPool::PLACEHOLDER_EXTENDABLE_MESSAGE);
+    if (extendee.IsNull()) {
+      AddNotDefinedError(field->full_name(), proto,
+                         DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::EXTENDEE,
+                         proto.extendee());
+      return;
+    } else if (extendee.type != Symbol::MESSAGE) {
+      AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+               DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::EXTENDEE,
+               "\"" + proto.extendee() + "\" is not a message type.");
+      return;
+    }
+    field->containing_type_ = extendee.descriptor;
+
+    const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* extension_range =
+        field->containing_type()->FindExtensionRangeContainingNumber(
+            field->number());
+
+    if (extension_range == nullptr) {
+      // Set of valid extension numbers for MessageSet is different (< 2^32)
+      // from other extendees (< 2^29). If unknown deps are allowed, we may not
+      // have that information, and wrongly deem the extension as invalid.
+      auto skip_check = get_allow_unknown(pool_) &&
+                        proto.extendee() == "google.protobuf.bridge.MessageSet";
+      if (!skip_check) {
+        AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+                 strings::Substitute("\"$0\" does not declare $1 as an "
+                                     "extension number.",
+                                     field->containing_type()->full_name(),
+                                     field->number()));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (field->containing_oneof() != nullptr) {
+    if (field->label() != FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL) {
+      // Note that this error will never happen when parsing .proto files.
+      // It can only happen if you manually construct a FileDescriptorProto
+      // that is incorrect.
+      AddError(field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+               "Fields of oneofs must themselves have label LABEL_OPTIONAL.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (proto.has_type_name()) {
+    // Assume we are expecting a message type unless the proto contains some
+    // evidence that it expects an enum type.  This only makes a difference if
+    // we end up creating a placeholder.
+    bool expecting_enum = (proto.type() == FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_ENUM) ||
+                          proto.has_default_value();
+
+    // In case of weak fields we force building the dependency. We need to know
+    // if the type exist or not. If it doesnt exist we substitute Empty which
+    // should only be done if the type can't be found in the generated pool.
+    // TODO(gerbens) Ideally we should query the database directly to check
+    // if weak fields exist or not so that we don't need to force building
+    // weak dependencies. However the name lookup rules for symbols are
+    // somewhat complicated, so I defer it too another CL.
+    bool is_weak = !pool_->enforce_weak_ && proto.options().weak();
+    bool is_lazy = pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_ && !is_weak;
+
+    Symbol type =
+        LookupSymbol(proto.type_name(), field->full_name(),
+                     expecting_enum ? DescriptorPool::PLACEHOLDER_ENUM
+                                    : DescriptorPool::PLACEHOLDER_MESSAGE,
+                     LOOKUP_TYPES, !is_lazy);
+
+    if (type.IsNull()) {
+      if (is_lazy) {
+        // Save the symbol names for later for lookup, and allocate the once
+        // object needed for the accessors.
+        std::string name = proto.type_name();
+        field->type_once_ = tables_->AllocateOnceDynamic();
+        field->type_name_ = tables_->AllocateString(name);
+        if (proto.has_default_value()) {
+          field->default_value_enum_name_ =
+              tables_->AllocateString(proto.default_value());
+        }
+        // AddFieldByNumber and AddExtension are done later in this function,
+        // and can/must be done if the field type was not found. The related
+        // error checking is not necessary when in lazily_build_dependencies_
+        // mode, and can't be done without building the type's descriptor,
+        // which we don't want to do.
+        file_tables_->AddFieldByNumber(field);
+        if (field->is_extension()) {
+          tables_->AddExtension(field);
+        }
+        return;
+      } else {
+        // If the type is a weak type, we change the type to a google.protobuf.Empty
+        // field.
+        if (is_weak) {
+          type = FindSymbol(kNonLinkedWeakMessageReplacementName);
+        }
+        if (type.IsNull()) {
+          AddNotDefinedError(field->full_name(), proto,
+                             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+                             proto.type_name());
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!proto.has_type()) {
+      // Choose field type based on symbol.
+      if (type.type == Symbol::MESSAGE) {
+        field->type_ = FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE;
+      } else if (type.type == Symbol::ENUM) {
+        field->type_ = FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM;
+      } else {
+        AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+                 "\"" + proto.type_name() + "\" is not a type.");
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      if (type.type != Symbol::MESSAGE) {
+        AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+                 "\"" + proto.type_name() + "\" is not a message type.");
+        return;
+      }
+      field->message_type_ = type.descriptor;
+
+      if (field->has_default_value()) {
+        AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::DEFAULT_VALUE,
+                 "Messages can't have default values.");
+      }
+    } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
+      if (type.type != Symbol::ENUM) {
+        AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+                 "\"" + proto.type_name() + "\" is not an enum type.");
+        return;
+      }
+      field->enum_type_ = type.enum_descriptor;
+
+      if (field->enum_type()->is_placeholder_) {
+        // We can't look up default values for placeholder types.  We'll have
+        // to just drop them.
+        field->has_default_value_ = false;
+      }
+
+      if (field->has_default_value()) {
+        // Ensure that the default value is an identifier. Parser cannot always
+        // verify this because it does not have complete type information.
+        // N.B. that this check yields better error messages but is not
+        // necessary for correctness (an enum symbol must be a valid identifier
+        // anyway), only for better errors.
+        if (!io::Tokenizer::IsIdentifier(proto.default_value())) {
+          AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+                   DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::DEFAULT_VALUE,
+                   "Default value for an enum field must be an identifier.");
+        } else {
+          // We can't just use field->enum_type()->FindValueByName() here
+          // because that locks the pool's mutex, which we have already locked
+          // at this point.
+          Symbol default_value = LookupSymbolNoPlaceholder(
+              proto.default_value(), field->enum_type()->full_name());
+
+          if (default_value.type == Symbol::ENUM_VALUE &&
+              default_value.enum_value_descriptor->type() ==
+                  field->enum_type()) {
+            field->default_value_enum_ = default_value.enum_value_descriptor;
+          } else {
+            AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+                     DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::DEFAULT_VALUE,
+                     "Enum type \"" + field->enum_type()->full_name() +
+                         "\" has no value named \"" + proto.default_value() +
+                         "\".");
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (field->enum_type()->value_count() > 0) {
+        // All enums must have at least one value, or we would have reported
+        // an error elsewhere.  We use the first defined value as the default
+        // if a default is not explicitly defined.
+        field->default_value_enum_ = field->enum_type()->value(0);
+      }
+    } else {
+      AddError(field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+               "Field with primitive type has type_name.");
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE ||
+        field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
+      AddError(field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+               "Field with message or enum type missing type_name.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Add the field to the fields-by-number table.
+  // Note:  We have to do this *after* cross-linking because extensions do not
+  // know their containing type until now. If we're in
+  // lazily_build_dependencies_ mode, we're guaranteed there's no errors, so no
+  // risk to calling containing_type() or other accessors that will build
+  // dependencies.
+  if (!file_tables_->AddFieldByNumber(field)) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* conflicting_field = file_tables_->FindFieldByNumber(
+        field->containing_type(), field->number());
+    std::string containing_type_name =
+        field->containing_type() == nullptr
+            ? "unknown"
+            : field->containing_type()->full_name();
+    if (field->is_extension()) {
+      AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+               DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+               strings::Substitute("Extension number $0 has already been used "
+                                   "in \"$1\" by extension \"$2\".",
+                                   field->number(), containing_type_name,
+                                   conflicting_field->full_name()));
+    } else {
+      AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+               DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+               strings::Substitute("Field number $0 has already been used in "
+                                   "\"$1\" by field \"$2\".",
+                                   field->number(), containing_type_name,
+                                   conflicting_field->name()));
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (field->is_extension()) {
+      if (!tables_->AddExtension(field)) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* conflicting_field =
+            tables_->FindExtension(field->containing_type(), field->number());
+        std::string containing_type_name =
+            field->containing_type() == nullptr
+                ? "unknown"
+                : field->containing_type()->full_name();
+        std::string error_msg = strings::Substitute(
+            "Extension number $0 has already been used in \"$1\" by extension "
+            "\"$2\" defined in $3.",
+            field->number(), containing_type_name,
+            conflicting_field->full_name(), conflicting_field->file()->name());
+        // Conflicting extension numbers should be an error. However, before
+        // turning this into an error we need to fix all existing broken
+        // protos first.
+        // TODO(xiaofeng): Change this to an error.
+        AddWarning(field->full_name(), proto,
+                   DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER, error_msg);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::CrossLinkEnum(EnumDescriptor* enum_type,
+                                      const EnumDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  if (enum_type->options_ == nullptr) {
+    enum_type->options_ = &EnumOptions::default_instance();
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < enum_type->value_count(); i++) {
+    CrossLinkEnumValue(&enum_type->values_[i], proto.value(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::CrossLinkEnumValue(
+    EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value,
+    const EnumValueDescriptorProto& /* proto */) {
+  if (enum_value->options_ == nullptr) {
+    enum_value->options_ = &EnumValueOptions::default_instance();
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::CrossLinkService(ServiceDescriptor* service,
+                                         const ServiceDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  if (service->options_ == nullptr) {
+    service->options_ = &ServiceOptions::default_instance();
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < service->method_count(); i++) {
+    CrossLinkMethod(&service->methods_[i], proto.method(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::CrossLinkMethod(MethodDescriptor* method,
+                                        const MethodDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  if (method->options_ == nullptr) {
+    method->options_ = &MethodOptions::default_instance();
+  }
+
+  Symbol input_type =
+      LookupSymbol(proto.input_type(), method->full_name(),
+                   DescriptorPool::PLACEHOLDER_MESSAGE, LOOKUP_ALL,
+                   !pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_);
+  if (input_type.IsNull()) {
+    if (!pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_) {
+      AddNotDefinedError(method->full_name(), proto,
+                         DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::INPUT_TYPE,
+                         proto.input_type());
+    } else {
+      method->input_type_.SetLazy(proto.input_type(), file_);
+    }
+  } else if (input_type.type != Symbol::MESSAGE) {
+    AddError(method->full_name(), proto,
+             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::INPUT_TYPE,
+             "\"" + proto.input_type() + "\" is not a message type.");
+  } else {
+    method->input_type_.Set(input_type.descriptor);
+  }
+
+  Symbol output_type =
+      LookupSymbol(proto.output_type(), method->full_name(),
+                   DescriptorPool::PLACEHOLDER_MESSAGE, LOOKUP_ALL,
+                   !pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_);
+  if (output_type.IsNull()) {
+    if (!pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_) {
+      AddNotDefinedError(method->full_name(), proto,
+                         DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OUTPUT_TYPE,
+                         proto.output_type());
+    } else {
+      method->output_type_.SetLazy(proto.output_type(), file_);
+    }
+  } else if (output_type.type != Symbol::MESSAGE) {
+    AddError(method->full_name(), proto,
+             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OUTPUT_TYPE,
+             "\"" + proto.output_type() + "\" is not a message type.");
+  } else {
+    method->output_type_.Set(output_type.descriptor);
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define VALIDATE_OPTIONS_FROM_ARRAY(descriptor, array_name, type) \
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->array_name##_count(); ++i) {    \
+    Validate##type##Options(descriptor->array_name##s_ + i,       \
+                            proto.array_name(i));                 \
+  }
+
+// Determine if the file uses optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME, being careful to
+// avoid problems that exist at init time.
+static bool IsLite(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  // TODO(kenton):  I don't even remember how many of these conditions are
+  //   actually possible.  I'm just being super-safe.
+  return file != nullptr &&
+         &file->options() != &FileOptions::default_instance() &&
+         file->options().optimize_for() == FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME;
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateFileOptions(FileDescriptor* file,
+                                            const FileDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  VALIDATE_OPTIONS_FROM_ARRAY(file, message_type, Message);
+  VALIDATE_OPTIONS_FROM_ARRAY(file, enum_type, Enum);
+  VALIDATE_OPTIONS_FROM_ARRAY(file, service, Service);
+  VALIDATE_OPTIONS_FROM_ARRAY(file, extension, Field);
+
+  // Lite files can only be imported by other Lite files.
+  if (!IsLite(file)) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+      if (IsLite(file->dependency(i))) {
+        AddError(
+            file->dependency(i)->name(), proto,
+            DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::IMPORT,
+            "Files that do not use optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME cannot import "
+            "files which do use this option.  This file is not lite, but it "
+            "imports \"" +
+                file->dependency(i)->name() + "\" which is.");
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (file->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+    ValidateProto3(file, proto);
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateProto3(FileDescriptor* file,
+                                       const FileDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->extension_count(); ++i) {
+    ValidateProto3Field(file->extensions_ + i, proto.extension(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); ++i) {
+    ValidateProto3Message(file->message_types_ + i, proto.message_type(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->enum_type_count(); ++i) {
+    ValidateProto3Enum(file->enum_types_ + i, proto.enum_type(i));
+  }
+}
+
+static std::string ToLowercaseWithoutUnderscores(const std::string& name) {
+  std::string result;
+  for (int i = 0; i < name.size(); ++i) {
+    if (name[i] != '_') {
+      if (name[i] >= 'A' && name[i] <= 'Z') {
+        result.push_back(name[i] - 'A' + 'a');
+      } else {
+        result.push_back(name[i]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateProto3Message(Descriptor* message,
+                                              const DescriptorProto& proto) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    ValidateProto3Message(message->nested_types_ + i, proto.nested_type(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->enum_type_count(); ++i) {
+    ValidateProto3Enum(message->enum_types_ + i, proto.enum_type(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); ++i) {
+    ValidateProto3Field(message->fields_ + i, proto.field(i));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->extension_count(); ++i) {
+    ValidateProto3Field(message->extensions_ + i, proto.extension(i));
+  }
+  if (message->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    AddError(message->full_name(), proto.extension_range(0),
+             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+             "Extension ranges are not allowed in proto3.");
+  }
+  if (message->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+    // Using MessageSet doesn't make sense since we disallow extensions.
+    AddError(message->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+             "MessageSet is not supported in proto3.");
+  }
+
+  // In proto3, we reject field names if they conflict in camelCase.
+  // Note that we currently enforce a stricter rule: Field names must be
+  // unique after being converted to lowercase with underscores removed.
+  std::map<std::string, const FieldDescriptor*> name_to_field;
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); ++i) {
+    std::string lowercase_name =
+        ToLowercaseWithoutUnderscores(message->field(i)->name());
+    if (name_to_field.find(lowercase_name) != name_to_field.end()) {
+      AddError(message->full_name(), proto.field(i),
+               DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+               "The JSON camel-case name of field \"" +
+                   message->field(i)->name() + "\" conflicts with field \"" +
+                   name_to_field[lowercase_name]->name() + "\". This is not " +
+                   "allowed in proto3.");
+    } else {
+      name_to_field[lowercase_name] = message->field(i);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateProto3Field(FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                            const FieldDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  if (field->is_extension() &&
+      !AllowedExtendeeInProto3(field->containing_type()->full_name())) {
+    AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::EXTENDEE,
+             "Extensions in proto3 are only allowed for defining options.");
+  }
+  if (field->is_required()) {
+    AddError(field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+             "Required fields are not allowed in proto3.");
+  }
+  if (field->has_default_value()) {
+    AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::DEFAULT_VALUE,
+             "Explicit default values are not allowed in proto3.");
+  }
+  if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM &&
+      field->enum_type() &&
+      field->enum_type()->file()->syntax() != FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+    // Proto3 messages can only use Proto3 enum types; otherwise we can't
+    // guarantee that the default value is zero.
+    AddError(field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+             "Enum type \"" + field->enum_type()->full_name() +
+                 "\" is not a proto3 enum, but is used in \"" +
+                 field->containing_type()->full_name() +
+                 "\" which is a proto3 message type.");
+  }
+  if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    AddError(field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+             "Groups are not supported in proto3 syntax.");
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateProto3Enum(EnumDescriptor* enm,
+                                           const EnumDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  if (enm->value_count() > 0 && enm->value(0)->number() != 0) {
+    AddError(enm->full_name(), proto.value(0),
+             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+             "The first enum value must be zero in proto3.");
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateMessageOptions(Descriptor* message,
+                                               const DescriptorProto& proto) {
+  VALIDATE_OPTIONS_FROM_ARRAY(message, field, Field);
+  VALIDATE_OPTIONS_FROM_ARRAY(message, nested_type, Message);
+  VALIDATE_OPTIONS_FROM_ARRAY(message, enum_type, Enum);
+  VALIDATE_OPTIONS_FROM_ARRAY(message, extension, Field);
+
+  const int64 max_extension_range =
+      static_cast<int64>(message->options().message_set_wire_format()
+                             ? kint32max
+                             : FieldDescriptor::kMaxNumber);
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->extension_range_count(); ++i) {
+    if (message->extension_range(i)->end > max_extension_range + 1) {
+      AddError(
+          message->full_name(), proto.extension_range(i),
+          DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+          strings::Substitute("Extension numbers cannot be greater than $0.",
+                              max_extension_range));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateFieldOptions(
+    FieldDescriptor* field, const FieldDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  if (pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_ && (!field || !field->message_type())) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // Only message type fields may be lazy.
+  if (field->options().lazy()) {
+    if (field->type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      AddError(field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+               "[lazy = true] can only be specified for submessage fields.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Only repeated primitive fields may be packed.
+  if (field->options().packed() && !field->is_packable()) {
+    AddError(
+        field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+        "[packed = true] can only be specified for repeated primitive fields.");
+  }
+
+  // Note:  Default instance may not yet be initialized here, so we have to
+  //   avoid reading from it.
+  if (field->containing_type_ != nullptr &&
+      &field->containing_type()->options() !=
+          &MessageOptions::default_instance() &&
+      field->containing_type()->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+    if (field->is_extension()) {
+      if (!field->is_optional() ||
+          field->type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+        AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+                 "Extensions of MessageSets must be optional messages.");
+      }
+    } else {
+      AddError(field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+               "MessageSets cannot have fields, only extensions.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Lite extensions can only be of Lite types.
+  if (IsLite(field->file()) && field->containing_type_ != nullptr &&
+      !IsLite(field->containing_type()->file())) {
+    AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::EXTENDEE,
+             "Extensions to non-lite types can only be declared in non-lite "
+             "files.  Note that you cannot extend a non-lite type to contain "
+             "a lite type, but the reverse is allowed.");
+  }
+
+  // Validate map types.
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    if (!ValidateMapEntry(field, proto)) {
+      AddError(field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+               "map_entry should not be set explicitly. Use map<KeyType, "
+               "ValueType> instead.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  ValidateJSType(field, proto);
+
+  // json_name option is not allowed on extension fields. Note that the
+  // json_name field in FieldDescriptorProto is always populated by protoc
+  // when it sends descriptor data to plugins (caculated from field name if
+  // the option is not explicitly set) so we can't rely on its presence to
+  // determine whether the json_name option is set on the field. Here we
+  // compare it against the default calculated json_name value and consider
+  // the option set if they are different. This won't catch the case when
+  // an user explicitly sets json_name to the default value, but should be
+  // good enough to catch common misuses.
+  if (field->is_extension() &&
+      (field->has_json_name() &&
+       field->json_name() != ToJsonName(field->name()))) {
+    AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OPTION_NAME,
+             "option json_name is not allowed on extension fields.");
+  }
+
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateEnumOptions(EnumDescriptor* enm,
+                                            const EnumDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  VALIDATE_OPTIONS_FROM_ARRAY(enm, value, EnumValue);
+  if (!enm->options().has_allow_alias() || !enm->options().allow_alias()) {
+    std::map<int, std::string> used_values;
+    for (int i = 0; i < enm->value_count(); ++i) {
+      const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value = enm->value(i);
+      if (used_values.find(enum_value->number()) != used_values.end()) {
+        std::string error =
+            "\"" + enum_value->full_name() +
+            "\" uses the same enum value as \"" +
+            used_values[enum_value->number()] +
+            "\". If this is intended, set "
+            "'option allow_alias = true;' to the enum definition.";
+        if (!enm->options().allow_alias()) {
+          // Generate error if duplicated enum values are explicitly disallowed.
+          AddError(enm->full_name(), proto.value(i),
+                   DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER, error);
+        }
+      } else {
+        used_values[enum_value->number()] = enum_value->full_name();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateEnumValueOptions(
+    EnumValueDescriptor* /* enum_value */,
+    const EnumValueDescriptorProto& /* proto */) {
+  // Nothing to do so far.
+}
+void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateServiceOptions(
+    ServiceDescriptor* service, const ServiceDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  if (IsLite(service->file()) &&
+      (service->file()->options().cc_generic_services() ||
+       service->file()->options().java_generic_services())) {
+    AddError(service->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+             "Files with optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME cannot define services "
+             "unless you set both options cc_generic_services and "
+             "java_generic_services to false.");
+  }
+
+  VALIDATE_OPTIONS_FROM_ARRAY(service, method, Method);
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateMethodOptions(
+    MethodDescriptor* /* method */, const MethodDescriptorProto& /* proto */) {
+  // Nothing to do so far.
+}
+
+bool DescriptorBuilder::ValidateMapEntry(FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                         const FieldDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  const Descriptor* message = field->message_type();
+  if (  // Must not contain extensions, extension range or nested message or
+        // enums
+      message->extension_count() != 0 ||
+      field->label() != FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED ||
+      message->extension_range_count() != 0 ||
+      message->nested_type_count() != 0 || message->enum_type_count() != 0 ||
+      // Must contain exactly two fields
+      message->field_count() != 2 ||
+      // Field name and message name must match
+      message->name() != ToCamelCase(field->name(), false) + "Entry" ||
+      // Entry message must be in the same containing type of the field.
+      field->containing_type() != message->containing_type()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* key = message->field(0);
+  const FieldDescriptor* value = message->field(1);
+  if (key->label() != FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL || key->number() != 1 ||
+      key->name() != "key") {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (value->label() != FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL ||
+      value->number() != 2 || value->name() != "value") {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check key types are legal.
+  switch (key->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      AddError(field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+               "Key in map fields cannot be enum types.");
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      AddError(
+          field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+          "Key in map fields cannot be float/double, bytes or message types.");
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      // Legal cases
+      break;
+      // Do not add a default, so that the compiler will complain when new types
+      // are added.
+  }
+
+  if (value->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM) {
+    if (value->enum_type()->value(0)->number() != 0) {
+      AddError(field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+               "Enum value in map must define 0 as the first value.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::DetectMapConflicts(const Descriptor* message,
+                                           const DescriptorProto& proto) {
+  std::map<std::string, const Descriptor*> seen_types;
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->nested_type_count(); ++i) {
+    const Descriptor* nested = message->nested_type(i);
+    std::pair<std::map<std::string, const Descriptor*>::iterator, bool> result =
+        seen_types.insert(std::make_pair(nested->name(), nested));
+    if (!result.second) {
+      if (result.first->second->options().map_entry() ||
+          nested->options().map_entry()) {
+        AddError(message->full_name(), proto,
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+                 "Expanded map entry type " + nested->name() +
+                     " conflicts with an existing nested message type.");
+      }
+    }
+    // Recursively test on the nested types.
+    DetectMapConflicts(message->nested_type(i), proto.nested_type(i));
+  }
+  // Check for conflicted field names.
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = message->field(i);
+    std::map<std::string, const Descriptor*>::iterator iter =
+        seen_types.find(field->name());
+    if (iter != seen_types.end() && iter->second->options().map_entry()) {
+      AddError(message->full_name(), proto,
+               DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+               "Expanded map entry type " + iter->second->name() +
+                   " conflicts with an existing field.");
+    }
+  }
+  // Check for conflicted enum names.
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->enum_type_count(); ++i) {
+    const EnumDescriptor* enum_desc = message->enum_type(i);
+    std::map<std::string, const Descriptor*>::iterator iter =
+        seen_types.find(enum_desc->name());
+    if (iter != seen_types.end() && iter->second->options().map_entry()) {
+      AddError(message->full_name(), proto,
+               DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+               "Expanded map entry type " + iter->second->name() +
+                   " conflicts with an existing enum type.");
+    }
+  }
+  // Check for conflicted oneof names.
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof_desc = message->oneof_decl(i);
+    std::map<std::string, const Descriptor*>::iterator iter =
+        seen_types.find(oneof_desc->name());
+    if (iter != seen_types.end() && iter->second->options().map_entry()) {
+      AddError(message->full_name(), proto,
+               DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+               "Expanded map entry type " + iter->second->name() +
+                   " conflicts with an existing oneof type.");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateJSType(FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                       const FieldDescriptorProto& proto) {
+  FieldOptions::JSType jstype = field->options().jstype();
+  // The default is always acceptable.
+  if (jstype == FieldOptions::JS_NORMAL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    // Integral 64-bit types may be represented as JavaScript numbers or
+    // strings.
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      if (jstype == FieldOptions::JS_STRING ||
+          jstype == FieldOptions::JS_NUMBER) {
+        return;
+      }
+      AddError(field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+               "Illegal jstype for int64, uint64, sint64, fixed64 "
+               "or sfixed64 field: " +
+                   FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor()->value(jstype)->name());
+      break;
+
+    // No other types permit a jstype option.
+    default:
+      AddError(field->full_name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+               "jstype is only allowed on int64, uint64, sint64, fixed64 "
+               "or sfixed64 fields.");
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+#undef VALIDATE_OPTIONS_FROM_ARRAY
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DescriptorBuilder::OptionInterpreter::OptionInterpreter(
+    DescriptorBuilder* builder)
+    : builder_(builder) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(builder_);
+}
+
+DescriptorBuilder::OptionInterpreter::~OptionInterpreter() {}
+
+bool DescriptorBuilder::OptionInterpreter::InterpretOptions(
+    OptionsToInterpret* options_to_interpret) {
+  // Note that these may be in different pools, so we can't use the same
+  // descriptor and reflection objects on both.
+  Message* options = options_to_interpret->options;
+  const Message* original_options = options_to_interpret->original_options;
+
+  bool failed = false;
+  options_to_interpret_ = options_to_interpret;
+
+  // Find the uninterpreted_option field in the mutable copy of the options
+  // and clear them, since we're about to interpret them.
+  const FieldDescriptor* uninterpreted_options_field =
+      options->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("uninterpreted_option");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(uninterpreted_options_field != nullptr)
+      << "No field named \"uninterpreted_option\" in the Options proto.";
+  options->GetReflection()->ClearField(options, uninterpreted_options_field);
+
+  std::vector<int> src_path = options_to_interpret->element_path;
+  src_path.push_back(uninterpreted_options_field->number());
+
+  // Find the uninterpreted_option field in the original options.
+  const FieldDescriptor* original_uninterpreted_options_field =
+      original_options->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName(
+          "uninterpreted_option");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(original_uninterpreted_options_field != nullptr)
+      << "No field named \"uninterpreted_option\" in the Options proto.";
+
+  const int num_uninterpreted_options =
+      original_options->GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+          *original_options, original_uninterpreted_options_field);
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_uninterpreted_options; ++i) {
+    src_path.push_back(i);
+    uninterpreted_option_ = down_cast<const UninterpretedOption*>(
+        &original_options->GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+            *original_options, original_uninterpreted_options_field, i));
+    if (!InterpretSingleOption(options, src_path,
+                               options_to_interpret->element_path)) {
+      // Error already added by InterpretSingleOption().
+      failed = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    src_path.pop_back();
+  }
+  // Reset these, so we don't have any dangling pointers.
+  uninterpreted_option_ = nullptr;
+  options_to_interpret_ = nullptr;
+
+  if (!failed) {
+    // InterpretSingleOption() added the interpreted options in the
+    // UnknownFieldSet, in case the option isn't yet known to us.  Now we
+    // serialize the options message and deserialize it back.  That way, any
+    // option fields that we do happen to know about will get moved from the
+    // UnknownFieldSet into the real fields, and thus be available right away.
+    // If they are not known, that's OK too. They will get reparsed into the
+    // UnknownFieldSet and wait there until the message is parsed by something
+    // that does know about the options.
+
+    // Keep the unparsed options around in case the reparsing fails.
+    std::unique_ptr<Message> unparsed_options(options->New());
+    options->GetReflection()->Swap(unparsed_options.get(), options);
+
+    std::string buf;
+    if (!unparsed_options->AppendToString(&buf) ||
+        !options->ParseFromString(buf)) {
+      builder_->AddError(
+          options_to_interpret->element_name, *original_options,
+          DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OTHER,
+          "Some options could not be correctly parsed using the proto "
+          "descriptors compiled into this binary.\n"
+          "Unparsed options: " +
+              unparsed_options->ShortDebugString() +
+              "\n"
+              "Parsing attempt:  " +
+              options->ShortDebugString());
+      // Restore the unparsed options.
+      options->GetReflection()->Swap(unparsed_options.get(), options);
+    }
+  }
+  return !failed;
+}
+
+bool DescriptorBuilder::OptionInterpreter::InterpretSingleOption(
+    Message* options, const std::vector<int>& src_path,
+    const std::vector<int>& options_path) {
+  // First do some basic validation.
+  if (uninterpreted_option_->name_size() == 0) {
+    // This should never happen unless the parser has gone seriously awry or
+    // someone has manually created the uninterpreted option badly.
+    return AddNameError("Option must have a name.");
+  }
+  if (uninterpreted_option_->name(0).name_part() == "uninterpreted_option") {
+    return AddNameError(
+        "Option must not use reserved name "
+        "\"uninterpreted_option\".");
+  }
+
+  const Descriptor* options_descriptor = nullptr;
+  // Get the options message's descriptor from the builder's pool, so that we
+  // get the version that knows about any extension options declared in the file
+  // we're currently building. The descriptor should be there as long as the
+  // file we're building imported descriptor.proto.
+
+  // Note that we use DescriptorBuilder::FindSymbolNotEnforcingDeps(), not
+  // DescriptorPool::FindMessageTypeByName() because we're already holding the
+  // pool's mutex, and the latter method locks it again.  We don't use
+  // FindSymbol() because files that use custom options only need to depend on
+  // the file that defines the option, not descriptor.proto itself.
+  Symbol symbol = builder_->FindSymbolNotEnforcingDeps(
+      options->GetDescriptor()->full_name());
+  if (!symbol.IsNull() && symbol.type == Symbol::MESSAGE) {
+    options_descriptor = symbol.descriptor;
+  } else {
+    // The options message's descriptor was not in the builder's pool, so use
+    // the standard version from the generated pool. We're not holding the
+    // generated pool's mutex, so we can search it the straightforward way.
+    options_descriptor = options->GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(options_descriptor);
+
+  // We iterate over the name parts to drill into the submessages until we find
+  // the leaf field for the option. As we drill down we remember the current
+  // submessage's descriptor in |descriptor| and the next field in that
+  // submessage in |field|. We also track the fields we're drilling down
+  // through in |intermediate_fields|. As we go, we reconstruct the full option
+  // name in |debug_msg_name|, for use in error messages.
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = options_descriptor;
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = nullptr;
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> intermediate_fields;
+  std::string debug_msg_name = "";
+
+  std::vector<int> dest_path = options_path;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < uninterpreted_option_->name_size(); ++i) {
+    builder_->undefine_resolved_name_.clear();
+    const std::string& name_part = uninterpreted_option_->name(i).name_part();
+    if (debug_msg_name.size() > 0) {
+      debug_msg_name += ".";
+    }
+    if (uninterpreted_option_->name(i).is_extension()) {
+      debug_msg_name += "(" + name_part + ")";
+      // Search for the extension's descriptor as an extension in the builder's
+      // pool. Note that we use DescriptorBuilder::LookupSymbol(), not
+      // DescriptorPool::FindExtensionByName(), for two reasons: 1) It allows
+      // relative lookups, and 2) because we're already holding the pool's
+      // mutex, and the latter method locks it again.
+      symbol =
+          builder_->LookupSymbol(name_part, options_to_interpret_->name_scope);
+      if (!symbol.IsNull() && symbol.type == Symbol::FIELD) {
+        field = symbol.field_descriptor;
+      }
+      // If we don't find the field then the field's descriptor was not in the
+      // builder's pool, but there's no point in looking in the generated
+      // pool. We require that you import the file that defines any extensions
+      // you use, so they must be present in the builder's pool.
+    } else {
+      debug_msg_name += name_part;
+      // Search for the field's descriptor as a regular field.
+      field = descriptor->FindFieldByName(name_part);
+    }
+
+    if (field == nullptr) {
+      if (get_allow_unknown(builder_->pool_)) {
+        // We can't find the option, but AllowUnknownDependencies() is enabled,
+        // so we will just leave it as uninterpreted.
+        AddWithoutInterpreting(*uninterpreted_option_, options);
+        return true;
+      } else if (!(builder_->undefine_resolved_name_).empty()) {
+        // Option is resolved to a name which is not defined.
+        return AddNameError(
+            "Option \"" + debug_msg_name + "\" is resolved to \"(" +
+            builder_->undefine_resolved_name_ +
+            ")\", which is not defined. The innermost scope is searched first "
+            "in name resolution. Consider using a leading '.'(i.e., \"(." +
+            debug_msg_name.substr(1) +
+            "\") to start from the outermost scope.");
+      } else {
+        return AddNameError(
+            "Option \"" + debug_msg_name +
+            "\" unknown. Ensure that your proto" +
+            " definition file imports the proto which defines the option.");
+      }
+    } else if (field->containing_type() != descriptor) {
+      if (get_is_placeholder(field->containing_type())) {
+        // The field is an extension of a placeholder type, so we can't
+        // reliably verify whether it is a valid extension to use here (e.g.
+        // we don't know if it is an extension of the correct *Options message,
+        // or if it has a valid field number, etc.).  Just leave it as
+        // uninterpreted instead.
+        AddWithoutInterpreting(*uninterpreted_option_, options);
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        // This can only happen if, due to some insane misconfiguration of the
+        // pools, we find the options message in one pool but the field in
+        // another. This would probably imply a hefty bug somewhere.
+        return AddNameError("Option field \"" + debug_msg_name +
+                            "\" is not a field or extension of message \"" +
+                            descriptor->name() + "\".");
+      }
+    } else {
+      // accumulate field numbers to form path to interpreted option
+      dest_path.push_back(field->number());
+
+      if (i < uninterpreted_option_->name_size() - 1) {
+        if (field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+          return AddNameError("Option \"" + debug_msg_name +
+                              "\" is an atomic type, not a message.");
+        } else if (field->is_repeated()) {
+          return AddNameError("Option field \"" + debug_msg_name +
+                              "\" is a repeated message. Repeated message "
+                              "options must be initialized using an "
+                              "aggregate value.");
+        } else {
+          // Drill down into the submessage.
+          intermediate_fields.push_back(field);
+          descriptor = field->message_type();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // We've found the leaf field. Now we use UnknownFieldSets to set its value
+  // on the options message. We do so because the message may not yet know
+  // about its extension fields, so we may not be able to set the fields
+  // directly. But the UnknownFieldSets will serialize to the same wire-format
+  // message, so reading that message back in once the extension fields are
+  // known will populate them correctly.
+
+  // First see if the option is already set.
+  if (!field->is_repeated() &&
+      !ExamineIfOptionIsSet(
+          intermediate_fields.begin(), intermediate_fields.end(), field,
+          debug_msg_name,
+          options->GetReflection()->GetUnknownFields(*options))) {
+    return false;  // ExamineIfOptionIsSet() already added the error.
+  }
+
+  // First set the value on the UnknownFieldSet corresponding to the
+  // innermost message.
+  std::unique_ptr<UnknownFieldSet> unknown_fields(new UnknownFieldSet());
+  if (!SetOptionValue(field, unknown_fields.get())) {
+    return false;  // SetOptionValue() already added the error.
+  }
+
+  // Now wrap the UnknownFieldSet with UnknownFieldSets corresponding to all
+  // the intermediate messages.
+  for (std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>::reverse_iterator iter =
+           intermediate_fields.rbegin();
+       iter != intermediate_fields.rend(); ++iter) {
+    std::unique_ptr<UnknownFieldSet> parent_unknown_fields(
+        new UnknownFieldSet());
+    switch ((*iter)->type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        io::StringOutputStream outstr(
+            parent_unknown_fields->AddLengthDelimited((*iter)->number()));
+        io::CodedOutputStream out(&outstr);
+        internal::WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFields(*unknown_fields, &out);
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(!out.HadError())
+            << "Unexpected failure while serializing option submessage "
+            << debug_msg_name << "\".";
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP: {
+        parent_unknown_fields->AddGroup((*iter)->number())
+            ->MergeFrom(*unknown_fields);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Invalid wire type for CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: "
+                   << (*iter)->type();
+        return false;
+    }
+    unknown_fields.reset(parent_unknown_fields.release());
+  }
+
+  // Now merge the UnknownFieldSet corresponding to the top-level message into
+  // the options message.
+  options->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(options)->MergeFrom(
+      *unknown_fields);
+
+  // record the element path of the interpreted option
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    int index = repeated_option_counts_[dest_path]++;
+    dest_path.push_back(index);
+  }
+  interpreted_paths_[src_path] = dest_path;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::OptionInterpreter::UpdateSourceCodeInfo(
+    SourceCodeInfo* info) {
+  if (interpreted_paths_.empty()) {
+    // nothing to do!
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // We find locations that match keys in interpreted_paths_ and
+  // 1) replace the path with the corresponding value in interpreted_paths_
+  // 2) remove any subsequent sub-locations (sub-location is one whose path
+  //    has the parent path as a prefix)
+  //
+  // To avoid quadratic behavior of removing interior rows as we go,
+  // we keep a copy. But we don't actually copy anything until we've
+  // found the first match (so if the source code info has no locations
+  // that need to be changed, there is zero copy overhead).
+
+  RepeatedPtrField<SourceCodeInfo_Location>* locs = info->mutable_location();
+  RepeatedPtrField<SourceCodeInfo_Location> new_locs;
+  bool copying = false;
+
+  std::vector<int> pathv;
+  bool matched = false;
+
+  for (RepeatedPtrField<SourceCodeInfo_Location>::iterator loc = locs->begin();
+       loc != locs->end(); loc++) {
+    if (matched) {
+      // see if this location is in the range to remove
+      bool loc_matches = true;
+      if (loc->path_size() < pathv.size()) {
+        loc_matches = false;
+      } else {
+        for (int j = 0; j < pathv.size(); j++) {
+          if (loc->path(j) != pathv[j]) {
+            loc_matches = false;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (loc_matches) {
+        // don't copy this row since it is a sub-location that we're removing
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      matched = false;
+    }
+
+    pathv.clear();
+    for (int j = 0; j < loc->path_size(); j++) {
+      pathv.push_back(loc->path(j));
+    }
+
+    std::map<std::vector<int>, std::vector<int>>::iterator entry =
+        interpreted_paths_.find(pathv);
+
+    if (entry == interpreted_paths_.end()) {
+      // not a match
+      if (copying) {
+        *new_locs.Add() = *loc;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    matched = true;
+
+    if (!copying) {
+      // initialize the copy we are building
+      copying = true;
+      new_locs.Reserve(locs->size());
+      for (RepeatedPtrField<SourceCodeInfo_Location>::iterator it =
+               locs->begin();
+           it != loc; it++) {
+        *new_locs.Add() = *it;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // add replacement and update its path
+    SourceCodeInfo_Location* replacement = new_locs.Add();
+    *replacement = *loc;
+    replacement->clear_path();
+    for (std::vector<int>::iterator rit = entry->second.begin();
+         rit != entry->second.end(); rit++) {
+      replacement->add_path(*rit);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // if we made a changed copy, put it in place
+  if (copying) {
+    *locs = new_locs;
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::OptionInterpreter::AddWithoutInterpreting(
+    const UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option, Message* options) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      options->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("uninterpreted_option");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(field != nullptr);
+
+  options->GetReflection()
+      ->AddMessage(options, field)
+      ->CopyFrom(uninterpreted_option);
+}
+
+bool DescriptorBuilder::OptionInterpreter::ExamineIfOptionIsSet(
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>::const_iterator
+        intermediate_fields_iter,
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>::const_iterator intermediate_fields_end,
+    const FieldDescriptor* innermost_field, const std::string& debug_msg_name,
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields) {
+  // We do linear searches of the UnknownFieldSet and its sub-groups.  This
+  // should be fine since it's unlikely that any one options structure will
+  // contain more than a handful of options.
+
+  if (intermediate_fields_iter == intermediate_fields_end) {
+    // We're at the innermost submessage.
+    for (int i = 0; i < unknown_fields.field_count(); i++) {
+      if (unknown_fields.field(i).number() == innermost_field->number()) {
+        return AddNameError("Option \"" + debug_msg_name +
+                            "\" was already set.");
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < unknown_fields.field_count(); i++) {
+    if (unknown_fields.field(i).number() ==
+        (*intermediate_fields_iter)->number()) {
+      const UnknownField* unknown_field = &unknown_fields.field(i);
+      FieldDescriptor::Type type = (*intermediate_fields_iter)->type();
+      // Recurse into the next submessage.
+      switch (type) {
+        case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+          if (unknown_field->type() == UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+            UnknownFieldSet intermediate_unknown_fields;
+            if (intermediate_unknown_fields.ParseFromString(
+                    unknown_field->length_delimited()) &&
+                !ExamineIfOptionIsSet(intermediate_fields_iter + 1,
+                                      intermediate_fields_end, innermost_field,
+                                      debug_msg_name,
+                                      intermediate_unknown_fields)) {
+              return false;  // Error already added.
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+          if (unknown_field->type() == UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP) {
+            if (!ExamineIfOptionIsSet(intermediate_fields_iter + 1,
+                                      intermediate_fields_end, innermost_field,
+                                      debug_msg_name, unknown_field->group())) {
+              return false;  // Error already added.
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Invalid wire type for CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: " << type;
+          return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DescriptorBuilder::OptionInterpreter::SetOptionValue(
+    const FieldDescriptor* option_field, UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields) {
+  // We switch on the CppType to validate.
+  switch (option_field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      if (uninterpreted_option_->has_positive_int_value()) {
+        if (uninterpreted_option_->positive_int_value() >
+            static_cast<uint64>(kint32max)) {
+          return AddValueError("Value out of range for int32 option \"" +
+                               option_field->full_name() + "\".");
+        } else {
+          SetInt32(option_field->number(),
+                   uninterpreted_option_->positive_int_value(),
+                   option_field->type(), unknown_fields);
+        }
+      } else if (uninterpreted_option_->has_negative_int_value()) {
+        if (uninterpreted_option_->negative_int_value() <
+            static_cast<int64>(kint32min)) {
+          return AddValueError("Value out of range for int32 option \"" +
+                               option_field->full_name() + "\".");
+        } else {
+          SetInt32(option_field->number(),
+                   uninterpreted_option_->negative_int_value(),
+                   option_field->type(), unknown_fields);
+        }
+      } else {
+        return AddValueError("Value must be integer for int32 option \"" +
+                             option_field->full_name() + "\".");
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      if (uninterpreted_option_->has_positive_int_value()) {
+        if (uninterpreted_option_->positive_int_value() >
+            static_cast<uint64>(kint64max)) {
+          return AddValueError("Value out of range for int64 option \"" +
+                               option_field->full_name() + "\".");
+        } else {
+          SetInt64(option_field->number(),
+                   uninterpreted_option_->positive_int_value(),
+                   option_field->type(), unknown_fields);
+        }
+      } else if (uninterpreted_option_->has_negative_int_value()) {
+        SetInt64(option_field->number(),
+                 uninterpreted_option_->negative_int_value(),
+                 option_field->type(), unknown_fields);
+      } else {
+        return AddValueError("Value must be integer for int64 option \"" +
+                             option_field->full_name() + "\".");
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      if (uninterpreted_option_->has_positive_int_value()) {
+        if (uninterpreted_option_->positive_int_value() > kuint32max) {
+          return AddValueError("Value out of range for uint32 option \"" +
+                               option_field->name() + "\".");
+        } else {
+          SetUInt32(option_field->number(),
+                    uninterpreted_option_->positive_int_value(),
+                    option_field->type(), unknown_fields);
+        }
+      } else {
+        return AddValueError(
+            "Value must be non-negative integer for uint32 "
+            "option \"" +
+            option_field->full_name() + "\".");
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      if (uninterpreted_option_->has_positive_int_value()) {
+        SetUInt64(option_field->number(),
+                  uninterpreted_option_->positive_int_value(),
+                  option_field->type(), unknown_fields);
+      } else {
+        return AddValueError(
+            "Value must be non-negative integer for uint64 "
+            "option \"" +
+            option_field->full_name() + "\".");
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT: {
+      float value;
+      if (uninterpreted_option_->has_double_value()) {
+        value = uninterpreted_option_->double_value();
+      } else if (uninterpreted_option_->has_positive_int_value()) {
+        value = uninterpreted_option_->positive_int_value();
+      } else if (uninterpreted_option_->has_negative_int_value()) {
+        value = uninterpreted_option_->negative_int_value();
+      } else {
+        return AddValueError("Value must be number for float option \"" +
+                             option_field->full_name() + "\".");
+      }
+      unknown_fields->AddFixed32(option_field->number(),
+                                 internal::WireFormatLite::EncodeFloat(value));
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      double value;
+      if (uninterpreted_option_->has_double_value()) {
+        value = uninterpreted_option_->double_value();
+      } else if (uninterpreted_option_->has_positive_int_value()) {
+        value = uninterpreted_option_->positive_int_value();
+      } else if (uninterpreted_option_->has_negative_int_value()) {
+        value = uninterpreted_option_->negative_int_value();
+      } else {
+        return AddValueError("Value must be number for double option \"" +
+                             option_field->full_name() + "\".");
+      }
+      unknown_fields->AddFixed64(option_field->number(),
+                                 internal::WireFormatLite::EncodeDouble(value));
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      uint64 value;
+      if (!uninterpreted_option_->has_identifier_value()) {
+        return AddValueError(
+            "Value must be identifier for boolean option "
+            "\"" +
+            option_field->full_name() + "\".");
+      }
+      if (uninterpreted_option_->identifier_value() == "true") {
+        value = 1;
+      } else if (uninterpreted_option_->identifier_value() == "false") {
+        value = 0;
+      } else {
+        return AddValueError(
+            "Value must be \"true\" or \"false\" for boolean "
+            "option \"" +
+            option_field->full_name() + "\".");
+      }
+      unknown_fields->AddVarint(option_field->number(), value);
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM: {
+      if (!uninterpreted_option_->has_identifier_value()) {
+        return AddValueError(
+            "Value must be identifier for enum-valued option "
+            "\"" +
+            option_field->full_name() + "\".");
+      }
+      const EnumDescriptor* enum_type = option_field->enum_type();
+      const std::string& value_name = uninterpreted_option_->identifier_value();
+      const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value = nullptr;
+
+      if (enum_type->file()->pool() != DescriptorPool::generated_pool()) {
+        // Note that the enum value's fully-qualified name is a sibling of the
+        // enum's name, not a child of it.
+        std::string fully_qualified_name = enum_type->full_name();
+        fully_qualified_name.resize(fully_qualified_name.size() -
+                                    enum_type->name().size());
+        fully_qualified_name += value_name;
+
+        // Search for the enum value's descriptor in the builder's pool. Note
+        // that we use DescriptorBuilder::FindSymbolNotEnforcingDeps(), not
+        // DescriptorPool::FindEnumValueByName() because we're already holding
+        // the pool's mutex, and the latter method locks it again.
+        Symbol symbol =
+            builder_->FindSymbolNotEnforcingDeps(fully_qualified_name);
+        if (!symbol.IsNull() && symbol.type == Symbol::ENUM_VALUE) {
+          if (symbol.enum_value_descriptor->type() != enum_type) {
+            return AddValueError(
+                "Enum type \"" + enum_type->full_name() +
+                "\" has no value named \"" + value_name + "\" for option \"" +
+                option_field->full_name() +
+                "\". This appears to be a value from a sibling type.");
+          } else {
+            enum_value = symbol.enum_value_descriptor;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        // The enum type is in the generated pool, so we can search for the
+        // value there.
+        enum_value = enum_type->FindValueByName(value_name);
+      }
+
+      if (enum_value == nullptr) {
+        return AddValueError("Enum type \"" +
+                             option_field->enum_type()->full_name() +
+                             "\" has no value named \"" + value_name +
+                             "\" for "
+                             "option \"" +
+                             option_field->full_name() + "\".");
+      } else {
+        // Sign-extension is not a problem, since we cast directly from int32 to
+        // uint64, without first going through uint32.
+        unknown_fields->AddVarint(
+            option_field->number(),
+            static_cast<uint64>(static_cast<int64>(enum_value->number())));
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      if (!uninterpreted_option_->has_string_value()) {
+        return AddValueError(
+            "Value must be quoted string for string option "
+            "\"" +
+            option_field->full_name() + "\".");
+      }
+      // The string has already been unquoted and unescaped by the parser.
+      unknown_fields->AddLengthDelimited(option_field->number(),
+                                         uninterpreted_option_->string_value());
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      if (!SetAggregateOption(option_field, unknown_fields)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+class DescriptorBuilder::OptionInterpreter::AggregateOptionFinder
+    : public TextFormat::Finder {
+ public:
+  DescriptorBuilder* builder_;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindExtension(Message* message,
+                                       const std::string& name) const override {
+    assert_mutex_held(builder_->pool_);
+    const Descriptor* descriptor = message->GetDescriptor();
+    Symbol result =
+        builder_->LookupSymbolNoPlaceholder(name, descriptor->full_name());
+    if (result.type == Symbol::FIELD &&
+        result.field_descriptor->is_extension()) {
+      return result.field_descriptor;
+    } else if (result.type == Symbol::MESSAGE &&
+               descriptor->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+      const Descriptor* foreign_type = result.descriptor;
+      // The text format allows MessageSet items to be specified using
+      // the type name, rather than the extension identifier. If the symbol
+      // lookup returned a Message, and the enclosing Message has
+      // message_set_wire_format = true, then return the message set
+      // extension, if one exists.
+      for (int i = 0; i < foreign_type->extension_count(); i++) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* extension = foreign_type->extension(i);
+        if (extension->containing_type() == descriptor &&
+            extension->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+            extension->is_optional() &&
+            extension->message_type() == foreign_type) {
+          // Found it.
+          return extension;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+};
+
+// A custom error collector to record any text-format parsing errors
+namespace {
+class AggregateErrorCollector : public io::ErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  std::string error_;
+
+  void AddError(int /* line */, int /* column */,
+                const std::string& message) override {
+    if (!error_.empty()) {
+      error_ += "; ";
+    }
+    error_ += message;
+  }
+
+  void AddWarning(int /* line */, int /* column */,
+                  const std::string& /* message */) override {
+    // Ignore warnings
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+// We construct a dynamic message of the type corresponding to
+// option_field, parse the supplied text-format string into this
+// message, and serialize the resulting message to produce the value.
+bool DescriptorBuilder::OptionInterpreter::SetAggregateOption(
+    const FieldDescriptor* option_field, UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields) {
+  if (!uninterpreted_option_->has_aggregate_value()) {
+    return AddValueError("Option \"" + option_field->full_name() +
+                         "\" is a message. To set the entire message, use "
+                         "syntax like \"" +
+                         option_field->name() +
+                         " = { <proto text format> }\". "
+                         "To set fields within it, use "
+                         "syntax like \"" +
+                         option_field->name() + ".foo = value\".");
+  }
+
+  const Descriptor* type = option_field->message_type();
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> dynamic(dynamic_factory_.GetPrototype(type)->New());
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(dynamic.get() != nullptr)
+      << "Could not create an instance of " << option_field->DebugString();
+
+  AggregateErrorCollector collector;
+  AggregateOptionFinder finder;
+  finder.builder_ = builder_;
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  parser.RecordErrorsTo(&collector);
+  parser.SetFinder(&finder);
+  if (!parser.ParseFromString(uninterpreted_option_->aggregate_value(),
+                              dynamic.get())) {
+    AddValueError("Error while parsing option value for \"" +
+                  option_field->name() + "\": " + collector.error_);
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    std::string serial;
+    dynamic->SerializeToString(&serial);  // Never fails
+    if (option_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      unknown_fields->AddLengthDelimited(option_field->number(), serial);
+    } else {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(option_field->type(), FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP);
+      UnknownFieldSet* group = unknown_fields->AddGroup(option_field->number());
+      group->ParseFromString(serial);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::OptionInterpreter::SetInt32(
+    int number, int32 value, FieldDescriptor::Type type,
+    UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      unknown_fields->AddVarint(number,
+                                static_cast<uint64>(static_cast<int64>(value)));
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      unknown_fields->AddFixed32(number, static_cast<uint32>(value));
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      unknown_fields->AddVarint(
+          number, internal::WireFormatLite::ZigZagEncode32(value));
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Invalid wire type for CPPTYPE_INT32: " << type;
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::OptionInterpreter::SetInt64(
+    int number, int64 value, FieldDescriptor::Type type,
+    UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      unknown_fields->AddVarint(number, static_cast<uint64>(value));
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      unknown_fields->AddFixed64(number, static_cast<uint64>(value));
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      unknown_fields->AddVarint(
+          number, internal::WireFormatLite::ZigZagEncode64(value));
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Invalid wire type for CPPTYPE_INT64: " << type;
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::OptionInterpreter::SetUInt32(
+    int number, uint32 value, FieldDescriptor::Type type,
+    UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      unknown_fields->AddVarint(number, static_cast<uint64>(value));
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      unknown_fields->AddFixed32(number, static_cast<uint32>(value));
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Invalid wire type for CPPTYPE_UINT32: " << type;
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::OptionInterpreter::SetUInt64(
+    int number, uint64 value, FieldDescriptor::Type type,
+    UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      unknown_fields->AddVarint(number, value);
+      break;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      unknown_fields->AddFixed64(number, value);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Invalid wire type for CPPTYPE_UINT64: " << type;
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorBuilder::LogUnusedDependency(const FileDescriptorProto& proto,
+                                            const FileDescriptor* result) {
+
+  if (!unused_dependency_.empty()) {
+    for (std::set<const FileDescriptor*>::const_iterator it =
+             unused_dependency_.begin();
+         it != unused_dependency_.end(); ++it) {
+      // Log warnings for unused imported files.
+      std::string error_message = "Import " + (*it)->name() + " is unused.";
+      AddWarning((*it)->name(), proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::IMPORT,
+                 error_message);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Symbol DescriptorPool::CrossLinkOnDemandHelper(const std::string& name,
+                                               bool expecting_enum) const {
+  std::string lookup_name = name;
+  if (!lookup_name.empty() && lookup_name[0] == '.') {
+    lookup_name = lookup_name.substr(1);
+  }
+  Symbol result = tables_->FindByNameHelper(this, lookup_name);
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Handle the lazy import building for a message field whose type wasn't built
+// at cross link time. If that was the case, we saved the name of the type to
+// be looked up when the accessor for the type was called. Set type_,
+// enum_type_, message_type_, and default_value_enum_ appropriately.
+void FieldDescriptor::InternalTypeOnceInit() const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file()->finished_building_ == true);
+  if (type_name_) {
+    Symbol result = file()->pool()->CrossLinkOnDemandHelper(
+        *type_name_, type_ == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM);
+    if (result.type == Symbol::MESSAGE) {
+      type_ = FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE;
+      message_type_ = result.descriptor;
+    } else if (result.type == Symbol::ENUM) {
+      type_ = FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM;
+      enum_type_ = result.enum_descriptor;
+    }
+  }
+  if (enum_type_ && !default_value_enum_) {
+    if (default_value_enum_name_) {
+      // Have to build the full name now instead of at CrossLink time,
+      // because enum_type_ may not be known at the time.
+      std::string name = enum_type_->full_name();
+      // Enum values reside in the same scope as the enum type.
+      std::string::size_type last_dot = name.find_last_of('.');
+      if (last_dot != std::string::npos) {
+        name = name.substr(0, last_dot) + "." + *default_value_enum_name_;
+      } else {
+        name = *default_value_enum_name_;
+      }
+      Symbol result = file()->pool()->CrossLinkOnDemandHelper(name, true);
+      if (result.type == Symbol::ENUM_VALUE) {
+        default_value_enum_ = result.enum_value_descriptor;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!default_value_enum_) {
+      // We use the first defined value as the default
+      // if a default is not explicitly defined.
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(enum_type_->value_count());
+      default_value_enum_ = enum_type_->value(0);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptor::TypeOnceInit(const FieldDescriptor* to_init) {
+  to_init->InternalTypeOnceInit();
+}
+
+// message_type(), enum_type(), default_value_enum(), and type()
+// all share the same internal::call_once init path to do lazy
+// import building and cross linking of a field of a message.
+const Descriptor* FieldDescriptor::message_type() const {
+  if (type_once_) {
+    internal::call_once(*type_once_, FieldDescriptor::TypeOnceInit, this);
+  }
+  return message_type_;
+}
+
+const EnumDescriptor* FieldDescriptor::enum_type() const {
+  if (type_once_) {
+    internal::call_once(*type_once_, FieldDescriptor::TypeOnceInit, this);
+  }
+  return enum_type_;
+}
+
+const EnumValueDescriptor* FieldDescriptor::default_value_enum() const {
+  if (type_once_) {
+    internal::call_once(*type_once_, FieldDescriptor::TypeOnceInit, this);
+  }
+  return default_value_enum_;
+}
+
+const std::string& FieldDescriptor::PrintableNameForExtension() const {
+  const bool is_message_set_extension =
+      is_extension() &&
+      containing_type()->options().message_set_wire_format() &&
+      type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE && is_optional() &&
+      extension_scope() == message_type();
+  return is_message_set_extension ? message_type()->full_name() : full_name();
+}
+
+void FileDescriptor::InternalDependenciesOnceInit() const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(finished_building_ == true);
+  for (int i = 0; i < dependency_count(); i++) {
+    if (dependencies_names_[i]) {
+      dependencies_[i] = pool_->FindFileByName(*dependencies_names_[i]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void FileDescriptor::DependenciesOnceInit(const FileDescriptor* to_init) {
+  to_init->InternalDependenciesOnceInit();
+}
+
+const FileDescriptor* FileDescriptor::dependency(int index) const {
+  if (dependencies_once_) {
+    // Do once init for all indices, as it's unlikely only a single index would
+    // be called, and saves on internal::call_once allocations.
+    internal::call_once(*dependencies_once_,
+                        FileDescriptor::DependenciesOnceInit, this);
+  }
+  return dependencies_[index];
+}
+
+const Descriptor* MethodDescriptor::input_type() const {
+  return input_type_.Get();
+}
+
+const Descriptor* MethodDescriptor::output_type() const {
+  return output_type_.Get();
+}
+
+
+namespace internal {
+void LazyDescriptor::Set(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!name_);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!once_);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!file_);
+  descriptor_ = descriptor;
+}
+
+void LazyDescriptor::SetLazy(const std::string& name,
+                             const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  // verify Init() has been called and Set hasn't been called yet.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!descriptor_);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!file_);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!name_);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!once_);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file && file->pool_);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file->pool_->lazily_build_dependencies_);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!file->finished_building_);
+  file_ = file;
+  name_ = file->pool_->tables_->AllocateString(name);
+  once_ = file->pool_->tables_->AllocateOnceDynamic();
+}
+
+void LazyDescriptor::Once() {
+  if (once_) {
+    internal::call_once(*once_, LazyDescriptor::OnceStatic, this);
+  }
+}
+
+void LazyDescriptor::OnceStatic(LazyDescriptor* lazy) { lazy->OnceInternal(); }
+
+void LazyDescriptor::OnceInternal() {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file_->finished_building_);
+  if (!descriptor_ && name_) {
+    Symbol result = file_->pool_->CrossLinkOnDemandHelper(*name_, false);
+    if (!result.IsNull() && result.type == Symbol::MESSAGE) {
+      descriptor_ = result.descriptor;
+    }
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace internal
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..422e444e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2194 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file contains classes which describe a type of protocol message.
+// You can use a message's descriptor to learn at runtime what fields
+// it contains and what the types of those fields are.  The Message
+// interface also allows you to dynamically access and modify individual
+// fields by passing the FieldDescriptor of the field you are interested
+// in.
+//
+// Most users will not care about descriptors, because they will write
+// code specific to certain protocol types and will simply use the classes
+// generated by the protocol compiler directly.  Advanced users who want
+// to operate on arbitrary types (not known at compile time) may want to
+// read descriptors in order to learn about the contents of a message.
+// A very small number of users will want to construct their own
+// Descriptors, either because they are implementing Message manually or
+// because they are writing something like the protocol compiler.
+//
+// For an example of how you might use descriptors, see the code example
+// at the top of message.h.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DESCRIPTOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DESCRIPTOR_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+// TYPE_BOOL is defined in the MacOS's ConditionalMacros.h.
+#ifdef TYPE_BOOL
+#undef TYPE_BOOL
+#endif  // TYPE_BOOL
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#define PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+#endif
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Defined in this file.
+class Descriptor;
+class FieldDescriptor;
+class OneofDescriptor;
+class EnumDescriptor;
+class EnumValueDescriptor;
+class ServiceDescriptor;
+class MethodDescriptor;
+class FileDescriptor;
+class DescriptorDatabase;
+class DescriptorPool;
+
+// Defined in descriptor.proto
+class DescriptorProto;
+class DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange;
+class FieldDescriptorProto;
+class OneofDescriptorProto;
+class EnumDescriptorProto;
+class EnumValueDescriptorProto;
+class ServiceDescriptorProto;
+class MethodDescriptorProto;
+class FileDescriptorProto;
+class MessageOptions;
+class FieldOptions;
+class OneofOptions;
+class EnumOptions;
+class EnumValueOptions;
+class ExtensionRangeOptions;
+class ServiceOptions;
+class MethodOptions;
+class FileOptions;
+class UninterpretedOption;
+class SourceCodeInfo;
+
+// Defined in message.h
+class Message;
+class Reflection;
+
+// Defined in descriptor.cc
+class DescriptorBuilder;
+class FileDescriptorTables;
+struct Symbol;
+
+// Defined in unknown_field_set.h.
+class UnknownField;
+
+// Defined in command_line_interface.cc
+namespace compiler {
+class CommandLineInterface;
+namespace cpp {
+// Defined in helpers.h
+class Formatter;
+}  // namespace cpp
+}  // namespace compiler
+
+namespace descriptor_unittest {
+class DescriptorTest;
+}  // namespace descriptor_unittest
+
+// Defined in printer.h
+namespace io {
+class Printer;
+}  // namespace io
+
+// NB, all indices are zero-based.
+struct SourceLocation {
+  int start_line;
+  int end_line;
+  int start_column;
+  int end_column;
+
+  // Doc comments found at the source location.
+  // See the comments in SourceCodeInfo.Location (descriptor.proto) for details.
+  std::string leading_comments;
+  std::string trailing_comments;
+  std::vector<std::string> leading_detached_comments;
+};
+
+// Options when generating machine-parsable output from a descriptor with
+// DebugString().
+struct DebugStringOptions {
+  // include original user comments as recorded in SourceLocation entries. N.B.
+  // that this must be |false| by default: several other pieces of code (for
+  // example, the C++ code generation for fields in the proto compiler) rely on
+  // DebugString() output being unobstructed by user comments.
+  bool include_comments;
+  // If true, elide the braced body in the debug string.
+  bool elide_group_body;
+  bool elide_oneof_body;
+
+  DebugStringOptions()
+      : include_comments(false),
+        elide_group_body(false),
+        elide_oneof_body(false) {
+  }
+};
+
+// A class to handle the simplest cases of a lazily linked descriptor
+// for a message type that isn't built at the time of cross linking,
+// which is needed when a pool has lazily_build_dependencies_ set.
+// Must be instantiated as mutable in a descriptor.
+namespace internal {
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT LazyDescriptor {
+ public:
+  // Init function to be called at init time of a descriptor containing
+  // a LazyDescriptor.
+  void Init() {
+    descriptor_ = nullptr;
+    name_ = nullptr;
+    once_ = nullptr;
+    file_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  // Sets the value of the descriptor if it is known during the descriptor
+  // building process. Not thread safe, should only be called during the
+  // descriptor build process. Should not be called after SetLazy has been
+  // called.
+  void Set(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+  // Sets the information needed to lazily cross link the descriptor at a later
+  // time, SetLazy is not thread safe, should be called only once at descriptor
+  // build time if the symbol wasn't found and building of the file containing
+  // that type is delayed because lazily_build_dependencies_ is set on the pool.
+  // Should not be called after Set() has been called.
+  void SetLazy(const std::string& name, const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+  // Returns the current value of the descriptor, thread-safe. If SetLazy(...)
+  // has been called, will do a one-time cross link of the type specified,
+  // building the descriptor file that contains the type if necessary.
+  inline const Descriptor* Get() {
+    Once();
+    return descriptor_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static void OnceStatic(LazyDescriptor* lazy);
+  void OnceInternal();
+  void Once();
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  const std::string* name_;
+  internal::once_flag* once_;
+  const FileDescriptor* file_;
+};
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Describes a type of protocol message, or a particular group within a
+// message.  To obtain the Descriptor for a given message object, call
+// Message::GetDescriptor().  Generated message classes also have a
+// static method called descriptor() which returns the type's descriptor.
+// Use DescriptorPool to construct your own descriptors.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Descriptor {
+ public:
+  typedef DescriptorProto Proto;
+
+  // The name of the message type, not including its scope.
+  const std::string& name() const;
+
+  // The fully-qualified name of the message type, scope delimited by
+  // periods.  For example, message type "Foo" which is declared in package
+  // "bar" has full name "bar.Foo".  If a type "Baz" is nested within
+  // Foo, Baz's full_name is "bar.Foo.Baz".  To get only the part that
+  // comes after the last '.', use name().
+  const std::string& full_name() const;
+
+  // Index of this descriptor within the file or containing type's message
+  // type array.
+  int index() const;
+
+  // The .proto file in which this message type was defined.  Never nullptr.
+  const FileDescriptor* file() const;
+
+  // If this Descriptor describes a nested type, this returns the type
+  // in which it is nested.  Otherwise, returns nullptr.
+  const Descriptor* containing_type() const;
+
+  // Get options for this message type.  These are specified in the .proto file
+  // by placing lines like "option foo = 1234;" in the message definition.
+  // Allowed options are defined by MessageOptions in descriptor.proto, and any
+  // available extensions of that message.
+  const MessageOptions& options() const;
+
+  // Write the contents of this Descriptor into the given DescriptorProto.
+  // The target DescriptorProto must be clear before calling this; if it
+  // isn't, the result may be garbage.
+  void CopyTo(DescriptorProto* proto) const;
+
+  // Write the contents of this decriptor in a human-readable form. Output
+  // will be suitable for re-parsing.
+  std::string DebugString() const;
+
+  // Similar to DebugString(), but additionally takes options (e.g.,
+  // include original user comments in output).
+  std::string DebugStringWithOptions(const DebugStringOptions& options) const;
+
+  // Returns true if this is a placeholder for an unknown type. This will
+  // only be the case if this descriptor comes from a DescriptorPool
+  // with AllowUnknownDependencies() set.
+  bool is_placeholder() const;
+
+  // Field stuff -----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // The number of fields in this message type.
+  int field_count() const;
+  // Gets a field by index, where 0 <= index < field_count().
+  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+  const FieldDescriptor* field(int index) const;
+
+  // Looks up a field by declared tag number.  Returns nullptr if no such field
+  // exists.
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindFieldByNumber(int number) const;
+  // Looks up a field by name.  Returns nullptr if no such field exists.
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindFieldByName(const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // Looks up a field by lowercased name (as returned by lowercase_name()).
+  // This lookup may be ambiguous if multiple field names differ only by case,
+  // in which case the field returned is chosen arbitrarily from the matches.
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindFieldByLowercaseName(
+      const std::string& lowercase_name) const;
+
+  // Looks up a field by camel-case name (as returned by camelcase_name()).
+  // This lookup may be ambiguous if multiple field names differ in a way that
+  // leads them to have identical camel-case names, in which case the field
+  // returned is chosen arbitrarily from the matches.
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindFieldByCamelcaseName(
+      const std::string& camelcase_name) const;
+
+  // The number of oneofs in this message type.
+  int oneof_decl_count() const;
+  // Get a oneof by index, where 0 <= index < oneof_decl_count().
+  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+  const OneofDescriptor* oneof_decl(int index) const;
+
+  // Looks up a oneof by name.  Returns nullptr if no such oneof exists.
+  const OneofDescriptor* FindOneofByName(const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // Nested type stuff -----------------------------------------------
+
+  // The number of nested types in this message type.
+  int nested_type_count() const;
+  // Gets a nested type by index, where 0 <= index < nested_type_count().
+  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+  const Descriptor* nested_type(int index) const;
+
+  // Looks up a nested type by name.  Returns nullptr if no such nested type
+  // exists.
+  const Descriptor* FindNestedTypeByName(const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // Enum stuff ------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // The number of enum types in this message type.
+  int enum_type_count() const;
+  // Gets an enum type by index, where 0 <= index < enum_type_count().
+  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+  const EnumDescriptor* enum_type(int index) const;
+
+  // Looks up an enum type by name.  Returns nullptr if no such enum type
+  // exists.
+  const EnumDescriptor* FindEnumTypeByName(const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // Looks up an enum value by name, among all enum types in this message.
+  // Returns nullptr if no such value exists.
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* FindEnumValueByName(const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // Extensions ------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // A range of field numbers which are designated for third-party
+  // extensions.
+  struct ExtensionRange {
+    typedef DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange Proto;
+
+    typedef ExtensionRangeOptions OptionsType;
+
+    // See Descriptor::CopyTo().
+    void CopyTo(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* proto) const;
+
+    int start;  // inclusive
+    int end;    // exclusive
+
+    const ExtensionRangeOptions* options_;
+  };
+
+  // The number of extension ranges in this message type.
+  int extension_range_count() const;
+  // Gets an extension range by index, where 0 <= index <
+  // extension_range_count(). These are returned in the order they were defined
+  // in the .proto file.
+  const ExtensionRange* extension_range(int index) const;
+
+  // Returns true if the number is in one of the extension ranges.
+  bool IsExtensionNumber(int number) const;
+
+  // Returns nullptr if no extension range contains the given number.
+  const ExtensionRange* FindExtensionRangeContainingNumber(int number) const;
+
+  // The number of extensions -- extending *other* messages -- that were
+  // defined nested within this message type's scope.
+  int extension_count() const;
+  // Get an extension by index, where 0 <= index < extension_count().
+  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+  const FieldDescriptor* extension(int index) const;
+
+  // Looks up a named extension (which extends some *other* message type)
+  // defined within this message type's scope.
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindExtensionByName(const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // Similar to FindFieldByLowercaseName(), but finds extensions defined within
+  // this message type's scope.
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindExtensionByLowercaseName(
+      const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // Similar to FindFieldByCamelcaseName(), but finds extensions defined within
+  // this message type's scope.
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindExtensionByCamelcaseName(
+      const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // Reserved fields -------------------------------------------------
+
+  // A range of reserved field numbers.
+  struct ReservedRange {
+    int start;  // inclusive
+    int end;    // exclusive
+  };
+
+  // The number of reserved ranges in this message type.
+  int reserved_range_count() const;
+  // Gets an reserved range by index, where 0 <= index <
+  // reserved_range_count(). These are returned in the order they were defined
+  // in the .proto file.
+  const ReservedRange* reserved_range(int index) const;
+
+  // Returns true if the number is in one of the reserved ranges.
+  bool IsReservedNumber(int number) const;
+
+  // Returns nullptr if no reserved range contains the given number.
+  const ReservedRange* FindReservedRangeContainingNumber(int number) const;
+
+  // The number of reserved field names in this message type.
+  int reserved_name_count() const;
+
+  // Gets a reserved name by index, where 0 <= index < reserved_name_count().
+  const std::string& reserved_name(int index) const;
+
+  // Returns true if the field name is reserved.
+  bool IsReservedName(const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // Source Location ---------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Updates |*out_location| to the source location of the complete
+  // extent of this message declaration.  Returns false and leaves
+  // |*out_location| unchanged iff location information was not available.
+  bool GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const;
+
+ private:
+  typedef MessageOptions OptionsType;
+
+  // Allows tests to test CopyTo(proto, true).
+  friend class descriptor_unittest::DescriptorTest;
+
+  // Allows access to GetLocationPath for annotations.
+  friend class io::Printer;
+  friend class compiler::cpp::Formatter;
+
+  // Fill the json_name field of FieldDescriptorProto.
+  void CopyJsonNameTo(DescriptorProto* proto) const;
+
+  // Internal version of DebugString; controls the level of indenting for
+  // correct depth. Takes |options| to control debug-string options, and
+  // |include_opening_clause| to indicate whether the "message ... " part of the
+  // clause has already been generated (this varies depending on context).
+  void DebugString(int depth, std::string* contents,
+                   const DebugStringOptions& options,
+                   bool include_opening_clause) const;
+
+  // Walks up the descriptor tree to generate the source location path
+  // to this descriptor from the file root.
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const;
+
+  const std::string* name_;
+  const std::string* full_name_;
+  const FileDescriptor* file_;
+  const Descriptor* containing_type_;
+  const MessageOptions* options_;
+
+  // These arrays are separated from their sizes to minimize padding on 64-bit.
+  FieldDescriptor* fields_;
+  OneofDescriptor* oneof_decls_;
+  Descriptor* nested_types_;
+  EnumDescriptor* enum_types_;
+  ExtensionRange* extension_ranges_;
+  FieldDescriptor* extensions_;
+  ReservedRange* reserved_ranges_;
+  const std::string** reserved_names_;
+
+  int field_count_;
+  int oneof_decl_count_;
+  int nested_type_count_;
+  int enum_type_count_;
+  int extension_range_count_;
+  int extension_count_;
+  int reserved_range_count_;
+  int reserved_name_count_;
+
+  // True if this is a placeholder for an unknown type.
+  bool is_placeholder_;
+  // True if this is a placeholder and the type name wasn't fully-qualified.
+  bool is_unqualified_placeholder_;
+
+  // IMPORTANT:  If you add a new field, make sure to search for all instances
+  // of Allocate<Descriptor>() and AllocateArray<Descriptor>() in descriptor.cc
+  // and update them to initialize the field.
+
+  // Must be constructed using DescriptorPool.
+  Descriptor() {}
+  friend class DescriptorBuilder;
+  friend class DescriptorPool;
+  friend class EnumDescriptor;
+  friend class FieldDescriptor;
+  friend class OneofDescriptor;
+  friend class MethodDescriptor;
+  friend class FileDescriptor;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Descriptor);
+};
+
+
+// Describes a single field of a message.  To get the descriptor for a given
+// field, first get the Descriptor for the message in which it is defined,
+// then call Descriptor::FindFieldByName().  To get a FieldDescriptor for
+// an extension, do one of the following:
+// - Get the Descriptor or FileDescriptor for its containing scope, then
+//   call Descriptor::FindExtensionByName() or
+//   FileDescriptor::FindExtensionByName().
+// - Given a DescriptorPool, call DescriptorPool::FindExtensionByNumber() or
+//   DescriptorPool::FindExtensionByPrintableName().
+// Use DescriptorPool to construct your own descriptors.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldDescriptor {
+ public:
+  typedef FieldDescriptorProto Proto;
+
+  // Identifies a field type.  0 is reserved for errors.  The order is weird
+  // for historical reasons.  Types 12 and up are new in proto2.
+  enum Type {
+    TYPE_DOUBLE = 1,    // double, exactly eight bytes on the wire.
+    TYPE_FLOAT = 2,     // float, exactly four bytes on the wire.
+    TYPE_INT64 = 3,     // int64, varint on the wire.  Negative numbers
+                        // take 10 bytes.  Use TYPE_SINT64 if negative
+                        // values are likely.
+    TYPE_UINT64 = 4,    // uint64, varint on the wire.
+    TYPE_INT32 = 5,     // int32, varint on the wire.  Negative numbers
+                        // take 10 bytes.  Use TYPE_SINT32 if negative
+                        // values are likely.
+    TYPE_FIXED64 = 6,   // uint64, exactly eight bytes on the wire.
+    TYPE_FIXED32 = 7,   // uint32, exactly four bytes on the wire.
+    TYPE_BOOL = 8,      // bool, varint on the wire.
+    TYPE_STRING = 9,    // UTF-8 text.
+    TYPE_GROUP = 10,    // Tag-delimited message.  Deprecated.
+    TYPE_MESSAGE = 11,  // Length-delimited message.
+
+    TYPE_BYTES = 12,     // Arbitrary byte array.
+    TYPE_UINT32 = 13,    // uint32, varint on the wire
+    TYPE_ENUM = 14,      // Enum, varint on the wire
+    TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15,  // int32, exactly four bytes on the wire
+    TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16,  // int64, exactly eight bytes on the wire
+    TYPE_SINT32 = 17,    // int32, ZigZag-encoded varint on the wire
+    TYPE_SINT64 = 18,    // int64, ZigZag-encoded varint on the wire
+
+    MAX_TYPE = 18,  // Constant useful for defining lookup tables
+                    // indexed by Type.
+  };
+
+  // Specifies the C++ data type used to represent the field.  There is a
+  // fixed mapping from Type to CppType where each Type maps to exactly one
+  // CppType.  0 is reserved for errors.
+  enum CppType {
+    CPPTYPE_INT32 = 1,     // TYPE_INT32, TYPE_SINT32, TYPE_SFIXED32
+    CPPTYPE_INT64 = 2,     // TYPE_INT64, TYPE_SINT64, TYPE_SFIXED64
+    CPPTYPE_UINT32 = 3,    // TYPE_UINT32, TYPE_FIXED32
+    CPPTYPE_UINT64 = 4,    // TYPE_UINT64, TYPE_FIXED64
+    CPPTYPE_DOUBLE = 5,    // TYPE_DOUBLE
+    CPPTYPE_FLOAT = 6,     // TYPE_FLOAT
+    CPPTYPE_BOOL = 7,      // TYPE_BOOL
+    CPPTYPE_ENUM = 8,      // TYPE_ENUM
+    CPPTYPE_STRING = 9,    // TYPE_STRING, TYPE_BYTES
+    CPPTYPE_MESSAGE = 10,  // TYPE_MESSAGE, TYPE_GROUP
+
+    MAX_CPPTYPE = 10,  // Constant useful for defining lookup tables
+                       // indexed by CppType.
+  };
+
+  // Identifies whether the field is optional, required, or repeated.  0 is
+  // reserved for errors.
+  enum Label {
+    LABEL_OPTIONAL = 1,  // optional
+    LABEL_REQUIRED = 2,  // required
+    LABEL_REPEATED = 3,  // repeated
+
+    MAX_LABEL = 3,  // Constant useful for defining lookup tables
+                    // indexed by Label.
+  };
+
+  // Valid field numbers are positive integers up to kMaxNumber.
+  static const int kMaxNumber = (1 << 29) - 1;
+
+  // First field number reserved for the protocol buffer library implementation.
+  // Users may not declare fields that use reserved numbers.
+  static const int kFirstReservedNumber = 19000;
+  // Last field number reserved for the protocol buffer library implementation.
+  // Users may not declare fields that use reserved numbers.
+  static const int kLastReservedNumber = 19999;
+
+  const std::string& name() const;  // Name of this field within the message.
+  const std::string& full_name() const;  // Fully-qualified name of the field.
+  const std::string& json_name() const;  // JSON name of this field.
+  const FileDescriptor* file() const;  // File in which this field was defined.
+  bool is_extension() const;           // Is this an extension field?
+  int number() const;                  // Declared tag number.
+
+  // Same as name() except converted to lower-case.  This (and especially the
+  // FindFieldByLowercaseName() method) can be useful when parsing formats
+  // which prefer to use lowercase naming style.  (Although, technically
+  // field names should be lowercased anyway according to the protobuf style
+  // guide, so this only makes a difference when dealing with old .proto files
+  // which do not follow the guide.)
+  const std::string& lowercase_name() const;
+
+  // Same as name() except converted to camel-case.  In this conversion, any
+  // time an underscore appears in the name, it is removed and the next
+  // letter is capitalized.  Furthermore, the first letter of the name is
+  // lower-cased.  Examples:
+  //   FooBar -> fooBar
+  //   foo_bar -> fooBar
+  //   fooBar -> fooBar
+  // This (and especially the FindFieldByCamelcaseName() method) can be useful
+  // when parsing formats which prefer to use camel-case naming style.
+  const std::string& camelcase_name() const;
+
+  Type type() const;                  // Declared type of this field.
+  const char* type_name() const;      // Name of the declared type.
+  CppType cpp_type() const;           // C++ type of this field.
+  const char* cpp_type_name() const;  // Name of the C++ type.
+  Label label() const;                // optional/required/repeated
+
+  bool is_required() const;  // shorthand for label() == LABEL_REQUIRED
+  bool is_optional() const;  // shorthand for label() == LABEL_OPTIONAL
+  bool is_repeated() const;  // shorthand for label() == LABEL_REPEATED
+  bool is_packable() const;  // shorthand for is_repeated() &&
+                             //               IsTypePackable(type())
+  bool is_packed() const;    // shorthand for is_packable() &&
+                             //               options().packed()
+  bool is_map() const;       // shorthand for type() == TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+                             // message_type()->options().map_entry()
+
+  // Index of this field within the message's field array, or the file or
+  // extension scope's extensions array.
+  int index() const;
+
+  // Does this field have an explicitly-declared default value?
+  bool has_default_value() const;
+
+  // Whether the user has specified the json_name field option in the .proto
+  // file.
+  bool has_json_name() const;
+
+  // Get the field default value if cpp_type() == CPPTYPE_INT32.  If no
+  // explicit default was defined, the default is 0.
+  int32 default_value_int32() const;
+  // Get the field default value if cpp_type() == CPPTYPE_INT64.  If no
+  // explicit default was defined, the default is 0.
+  int64 default_value_int64() const;
+  // Get the field default value if cpp_type() == CPPTYPE_UINT32.  If no
+  // explicit default was defined, the default is 0.
+  uint32 default_value_uint32() const;
+  // Get the field default value if cpp_type() == CPPTYPE_UINT64.  If no
+  // explicit default was defined, the default is 0.
+  uint64 default_value_uint64() const;
+  // Get the field default value if cpp_type() == CPPTYPE_FLOAT.  If no
+  // explicit default was defined, the default is 0.0.
+  float default_value_float() const;
+  // Get the field default value if cpp_type() == CPPTYPE_DOUBLE.  If no
+  // explicit default was defined, the default is 0.0.
+  double default_value_double() const;
+  // Get the field default value if cpp_type() == CPPTYPE_BOOL.  If no
+  // explicit default was defined, the default is false.
+  bool default_value_bool() const;
+  // Get the field default value if cpp_type() == CPPTYPE_ENUM.  If no
+  // explicit default was defined, the default is the first value defined
+  // in the enum type (all enum types are required to have at least one value).
+  // This never returns nullptr.
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* default_value_enum() const;
+  // Get the field default value if cpp_type() == CPPTYPE_STRING.  If no
+  // explicit default was defined, the default is the empty string.
+  const std::string& default_value_string() const;
+
+  // The Descriptor for the message of which this is a field.  For extensions,
+  // this is the extended type.  Never nullptr.
+  const Descriptor* containing_type() const;
+
+  // If the field is a member of a oneof, this is the one, otherwise this is
+  // nullptr.
+  const OneofDescriptor* containing_oneof() const;
+
+  // If the field is a member of a oneof, returns the index in that oneof.
+  int index_in_oneof() const;
+
+  // An extension may be declared within the scope of another message.  If this
+  // field is an extension (is_extension() is true), then extension_scope()
+  // returns that message, or nullptr if the extension was declared at global
+  // scope.  If this is not an extension, extension_scope() is undefined (may
+  // assert-fail).
+  const Descriptor* extension_scope() const;
+
+  // If type is TYPE_MESSAGE or TYPE_GROUP, returns a descriptor for the
+  // message or the group type.  Otherwise, returns null.
+  const Descriptor* message_type() const;
+  // If type is TYPE_ENUM, returns a descriptor for the enum.  Otherwise,
+  // returns null.
+  const EnumDescriptor* enum_type() const;
+
+  // Get the FieldOptions for this field.  This includes things listed in
+  // square brackets after the field definition.  E.g., the field:
+  //   optional string text = 1 [ctype=CORD];
+  // has the "ctype" option set.  Allowed options are defined by FieldOptions in
+  // descriptor.proto, and any available extensions of that message.
+  const FieldOptions& options() const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::CopyTo().
+  void CopyTo(FieldDescriptorProto* proto) const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugString().
+  std::string DebugString() const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugStringWithOptions().
+  std::string DebugStringWithOptions(const DebugStringOptions& options) const;
+
+  // Helper method to get the CppType for a particular Type.
+  static CppType TypeToCppType(Type type);
+
+  // Helper method to get the name of a Type.
+  static const char* TypeName(Type type);
+
+  // Helper method to get the name of a CppType.
+  static const char* CppTypeName(CppType cpp_type);
+
+  // Return true iff [packed = true] is valid for fields of this type.
+  static inline bool IsTypePackable(Type field_type);
+
+  // Returns full_name() except if the field is a MessageSet extension,
+  // in which case it returns the full_name() of the containing message type
+  // for backwards compatibility with proto1.
+  //
+  // A MessageSet extension is defined as an optional message extension
+  // whose containing type has the message_set_wire_format option set.
+  // This should be true of extensions of google.protobuf.bridge.MessageSet;
+  // by convention, such extensions are named "message_set_extension".
+  //
+  // The opposite operation (looking up an extension's FieldDescriptor given
+  // its printable name) can be accomplished with
+  //     message->file()->pool()->FindExtensionByPrintableName(message, name)
+  // where the extension extends "message".
+  const std::string& PrintableNameForExtension() const;
+
+  // Source Location ---------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Updates |*out_location| to the source location of the complete
+  // extent of this field declaration.  Returns false and leaves
+  // |*out_location| unchanged iff location information was not available.
+  bool GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const;
+
+ private:
+  typedef FieldOptions OptionsType;
+
+  // Allows access to GetLocationPath for annotations.
+  friend class io::Printer;
+  friend class compiler::cpp::Formatter;
+
+  // Fill the json_name field of FieldDescriptorProto.
+  void CopyJsonNameTo(FieldDescriptorProto* proto) const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugString().
+  enum PrintLabelFlag { PRINT_LABEL, OMIT_LABEL };
+  void DebugString(int depth, PrintLabelFlag print_label_flag,
+                   std::string* contents,
+                   const DebugStringOptions& options) const;
+
+  // formats the default value appropriately and returns it as a string.
+  // Must have a default value to call this. If quote_string_type is true, then
+  // types of CPPTYPE_STRING whill be surrounded by quotes and CEscaped.
+  std::string DefaultValueAsString(bool quote_string_type) const;
+
+  // Helper function that returns the field type name for DebugString.
+  std::string FieldTypeNameDebugString() const;
+
+  // Walks up the descriptor tree to generate the source location path
+  // to this descriptor from the file root.
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const;
+
+  // Returns true if this is a map message type.
+  bool is_map_message_type() const;
+
+  const std::string* name_;
+  const std::string* full_name_;
+  const std::string* lowercase_name_;
+  const std::string* camelcase_name_;
+  // If has_json_name_ is true, it's the value specified by the user.
+  // Otherwise, it has the same value as camelcase_name_.
+  const std::string* json_name_;
+  const FileDescriptor* file_;
+  internal::once_flag* type_once_;
+  static void TypeOnceInit(const FieldDescriptor* to_init);
+  void InternalTypeOnceInit() const;
+  mutable Type type_;
+  Label label_;
+  bool has_default_value_;
+  // Whether the user has specified the json_name field option in the .proto
+  // file.
+  bool has_json_name_;
+  bool is_extension_;
+  int number_;
+  int index_in_oneof_;
+  const Descriptor* containing_type_;
+  const OneofDescriptor* containing_oneof_;
+  const Descriptor* extension_scope_;
+  mutable const Descriptor* message_type_;
+  mutable const EnumDescriptor* enum_type_;
+  const FieldOptions* options_;
+  const std::string* type_name_;
+  const std::string* default_value_enum_name_;
+  // IMPORTANT:  If you add a new field, make sure to search for all instances
+  // of Allocate<FieldDescriptor>() and AllocateArray<FieldDescriptor>() in
+  // descriptor.cc and update them to initialize the field.
+
+  union {
+    int32 default_value_int32_;
+    int64 default_value_int64_;
+    uint32 default_value_uint32_;
+    uint64 default_value_uint64_;
+    float default_value_float_;
+    double default_value_double_;
+    bool default_value_bool_;
+
+    mutable const EnumValueDescriptor* default_value_enum_;
+    const std::string* default_value_string_;
+  };
+
+  static const CppType kTypeToCppTypeMap[MAX_TYPE + 1];
+
+  static const char* const kTypeToName[MAX_TYPE + 1];
+
+  static const char* const kCppTypeToName[MAX_CPPTYPE + 1];
+
+  static const char* const kLabelToName[MAX_LABEL + 1];
+
+  // Must be constructed using DescriptorPool.
+  FieldDescriptor() {}
+  friend class DescriptorBuilder;
+  friend class FileDescriptor;
+  friend class Descriptor;
+  friend class OneofDescriptor;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FieldDescriptor);
+};
+
+
+// Describes a oneof defined in a message type.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT OneofDescriptor {
+ public:
+  typedef OneofDescriptorProto Proto;
+
+  const std::string& name() const;       // Name of this oneof.
+  const std::string& full_name() const;  // Fully-qualified name of the oneof.
+
+  // Index of this oneof within the message's oneof array.
+  int index() const;
+
+  // The .proto file in which this oneof was defined.  Never nullptr.
+  const FileDescriptor* file() const;
+  // The Descriptor for the message containing this oneof.
+  const Descriptor* containing_type() const;
+
+  // The number of (non-extension) fields which are members of this oneof.
+  int field_count() const;
+  // Get a member of this oneof, in the order in which they were declared in the
+  // .proto file.  Does not include extensions.
+  const FieldDescriptor* field(int index) const;
+
+  const OneofOptions& options() const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::CopyTo().
+  void CopyTo(OneofDescriptorProto* proto) const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugString().
+  std::string DebugString() const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugStringWithOptions().
+  std::string DebugStringWithOptions(const DebugStringOptions& options) const;
+
+  // Source Location ---------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Updates |*out_location| to the source location of the complete
+  // extent of this oneof declaration.  Returns false and leaves
+  // |*out_location| unchanged iff location information was not available.
+  bool GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const;
+
+ private:
+  typedef OneofOptions OptionsType;
+
+  // Allows access to GetLocationPath for annotations.
+  friend class io::Printer;
+  friend class compiler::cpp::Formatter;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugString().
+  void DebugString(int depth, std::string* contents,
+                   const DebugStringOptions& options) const;
+
+  // Walks up the descriptor tree to generate the source location path
+  // to this descriptor from the file root.
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const;
+
+  const std::string* name_;
+  const std::string* full_name_;
+  const Descriptor* containing_type_;
+  int field_count_;
+  const FieldDescriptor** fields_;
+  const OneofOptions* options_;
+
+  // IMPORTANT:  If you add a new field, make sure to search for all instances
+  // of Allocate<OneofDescriptor>() and AllocateArray<OneofDescriptor>()
+  // in descriptor.cc and update them to initialize the field.
+
+  // Must be constructed using DescriptorPool.
+  OneofDescriptor() {}
+  friend class DescriptorBuilder;
+  friend class Descriptor;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(OneofDescriptor);
+};
+
+// Describes an enum type defined in a .proto file.  To get the EnumDescriptor
+// for a generated enum type, call TypeName_descriptor().  Use DescriptorPool
+// to construct your own descriptors.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumDescriptor {
+ public:
+  typedef EnumDescriptorProto Proto;
+
+  // The name of this enum type in the containing scope.
+  const std::string& name() const;
+
+  // The fully-qualified name of the enum type, scope delimited by periods.
+  const std::string& full_name() const;
+
+  // Index of this enum within the file or containing message's enum array.
+  int index() const;
+
+  // The .proto file in which this enum type was defined.  Never nullptr.
+  const FileDescriptor* file() const;
+
+  // The number of values for this EnumDescriptor.  Guaranteed to be greater
+  // than zero.
+  int value_count() const;
+  // Gets a value by index, where 0 <= index < value_count().
+  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* value(int index) const;
+
+  // Looks up a value by name.  Returns nullptr if no such value exists.
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* FindValueByName(const std::string& name) const;
+  // Looks up a value by number.  Returns nullptr if no such value exists.  If
+  // multiple values have this number, the first one defined is returned.
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* FindValueByNumber(int number) const;
+
+  // If this enum type is nested in a message type, this is that message type.
+  // Otherwise, nullptr.
+  const Descriptor* containing_type() const;
+
+  // Get options for this enum type.  These are specified in the .proto file by
+  // placing lines like "option foo = 1234;" in the enum definition.  Allowed
+  // options are defined by EnumOptions in descriptor.proto, and any available
+  // extensions of that message.
+  const EnumOptions& options() const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::CopyTo().
+  void CopyTo(EnumDescriptorProto* proto) const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugString().
+  std::string DebugString() const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugStringWithOptions().
+  std::string DebugStringWithOptions(const DebugStringOptions& options) const;
+
+  // Returns true if this is a placeholder for an unknown enum. This will
+  // only be the case if this descriptor comes from a DescriptorPool
+  // with AllowUnknownDependencies() set.
+  bool is_placeholder() const;
+
+  // Reserved fields -------------------------------------------------
+
+  // A range of reserved field numbers.
+  struct ReservedRange {
+    int start;  // inclusive
+    int end;    // inclusive
+  };
+
+  // The number of reserved ranges in this message type.
+  int reserved_range_count() const;
+  // Gets an reserved range by index, where 0 <= index <
+  // reserved_range_count(). These are returned in the order they were defined
+  // in the .proto file.
+  const EnumDescriptor::ReservedRange* reserved_range(int index) const;
+
+  // Returns true if the number is in one of the reserved ranges.
+  bool IsReservedNumber(int number) const;
+
+  // Returns nullptr if no reserved range contains the given number.
+  const EnumDescriptor::ReservedRange* FindReservedRangeContainingNumber(
+      int number) const;
+
+  // The number of reserved field names in this message type.
+  int reserved_name_count() const;
+
+  // Gets a reserved name by index, where 0 <= index < reserved_name_count().
+  const std::string& reserved_name(int index) const;
+
+  // Returns true if the field name is reserved.
+  bool IsReservedName(const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // Source Location ---------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Updates |*out_location| to the source location of the complete
+  // extent of this enum declaration.  Returns false and leaves
+  // |*out_location| unchanged iff location information was not available.
+  bool GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const;
+
+ private:
+  typedef EnumOptions OptionsType;
+
+  // Allows access to GetLocationPath for annotations.
+  friend class io::Printer;
+  friend class compiler::cpp::Formatter;
+
+  // Looks up a value by number.  If the value does not exist, dynamically
+  // creates a new EnumValueDescriptor for that value, assuming that it was
+  // unknown. If a new descriptor is created, this is done in a thread-safe way,
+  // and future calls will return the same value descriptor pointer.
+  //
+  // This is private but is used by Reflection (which is friended below) to
+  // return a valid EnumValueDescriptor from GetEnum() when this feature is
+  // enabled.
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* FindValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(
+      int number) const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugString().
+  void DebugString(int depth, std::string* contents,
+                   const DebugStringOptions& options) const;
+
+  // Walks up the descriptor tree to generate the source location path
+  // to this descriptor from the file root.
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const;
+
+  const std::string* name_;
+  const std::string* full_name_;
+  const FileDescriptor* file_;
+  const Descriptor* containing_type_;
+  const EnumOptions* options_;
+
+  // True if this is a placeholder for an unknown type.
+  bool is_placeholder_;
+  // True if this is a placeholder and the type name wasn't fully-qualified.
+  bool is_unqualified_placeholder_;
+
+  int value_count_;
+  EnumValueDescriptor* values_;
+
+  int reserved_range_count_;
+  int reserved_name_count_;
+  EnumDescriptor::ReservedRange* reserved_ranges_;
+  const std::string** reserved_names_;
+
+  // IMPORTANT:  If you add a new field, make sure to search for all instances
+  // of Allocate<EnumDescriptor>() and AllocateArray<EnumDescriptor>() in
+  // descriptor.cc and update them to initialize the field.
+
+  // Must be constructed using DescriptorPool.
+  EnumDescriptor() {}
+  friend class DescriptorBuilder;
+  friend class Descriptor;
+  friend class FieldDescriptor;
+  friend class EnumValueDescriptor;
+  friend class FileDescriptor;
+  friend class DescriptorPool;
+  friend class Reflection;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(EnumDescriptor);
+};
+
+// Describes an individual enum constant of a particular type.  To get the
+// EnumValueDescriptor for a given enum value, first get the EnumDescriptor
+// for its type, then use EnumDescriptor::FindValueByName() or
+// EnumDescriptor::FindValueByNumber().  Use DescriptorPool to construct
+// your own descriptors.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValueDescriptor {
+ public:
+  typedef EnumValueDescriptorProto Proto;
+
+  const std::string& name() const;  // Name of this enum constant.
+  int index() const;                // Index within the enums's Descriptor.
+  int number() const;               // Numeric value of this enum constant.
+
+  // The full_name of an enum value is a sibling symbol of the enum type.
+  // e.g. the full name of FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32 is actually
+  // "google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_INT32", NOT
+  // "google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Type.TYPE_INT32".  This is to conform
+  // with C++ scoping rules for enums.
+  const std::string& full_name() const;
+
+  // The .proto file in which this value was defined.  Never nullptr.
+  const FileDescriptor* file() const;
+  // The type of this value.  Never nullptr.
+  const EnumDescriptor* type() const;
+
+  // Get options for this enum value.  These are specified in the .proto file by
+  // adding text like "[foo = 1234]" after an enum value definition.  Allowed
+  // options are defined by EnumValueOptions in descriptor.proto, and any
+  // available extensions of that message.
+  const EnumValueOptions& options() const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::CopyTo().
+  void CopyTo(EnumValueDescriptorProto* proto) const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugString().
+  std::string DebugString() const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugStringWithOptions().
+  std::string DebugStringWithOptions(const DebugStringOptions& options) const;
+
+  // Source Location ---------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Updates |*out_location| to the source location of the complete
+  // extent of this enum value declaration.  Returns false and leaves
+  // |*out_location| unchanged iff location information was not available.
+  bool GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const;
+
+ private:
+  typedef EnumValueOptions OptionsType;
+
+  // Allows access to GetLocationPath for annotations.
+  friend class io::Printer;
+  friend class compiler::cpp::Formatter;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugString().
+  void DebugString(int depth, std::string* contents,
+                   const DebugStringOptions& options) const;
+
+  // Walks up the descriptor tree to generate the source location path
+  // to this descriptor from the file root.
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const;
+
+  const std::string* name_;
+  const std::string* full_name_;
+  int number_;
+  const EnumDescriptor* type_;
+  const EnumValueOptions* options_;
+  // IMPORTANT:  If you add a new field, make sure to search for all instances
+  // of Allocate<EnumValueDescriptor>() and AllocateArray<EnumValueDescriptor>()
+  // in descriptor.cc and update them to initialize the field.
+
+  // Must be constructed using DescriptorPool.
+  EnumValueDescriptor() {}
+  friend class DescriptorBuilder;
+  friend class EnumDescriptor;
+  friend class DescriptorPool;
+  friend class FileDescriptorTables;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(EnumValueDescriptor);
+};
+
+// Describes an RPC service. Use DescriptorPool to construct your own
+// descriptors.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceDescriptor {
+ public:
+  typedef ServiceDescriptorProto Proto;
+
+  // The name of the service, not including its containing scope.
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  // The fully-qualified name of the service, scope delimited by periods.
+  const std::string& full_name() const;
+  // Index of this service within the file's services array.
+  int index() const;
+
+  // The .proto file in which this service was defined.  Never nullptr.
+  const FileDescriptor* file() const;
+
+  // Get options for this service type.  These are specified in the .proto file
+  // by placing lines like "option foo = 1234;" in the service definition.
+  // Allowed options are defined by ServiceOptions in descriptor.proto, and any
+  // available extensions of that message.
+  const ServiceOptions& options() const;
+
+  // The number of methods this service defines.
+  int method_count() const;
+  // Gets a MethodDescriptor by index, where 0 <= index < method_count().
+  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+  const MethodDescriptor* method(int index) const;
+
+  // Look up a MethodDescriptor by name.
+  const MethodDescriptor* FindMethodByName(const std::string& name) const;
+  // See Descriptor::CopyTo().
+  void CopyTo(ServiceDescriptorProto* proto) const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugString().
+  std::string DebugString() const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugStringWithOptions().
+  std::string DebugStringWithOptions(const DebugStringOptions& options) const;
+
+  // Source Location ---------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Updates |*out_location| to the source location of the complete
+  // extent of this service declaration.  Returns false and leaves
+  // |*out_location| unchanged iff location information was not available.
+  bool GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const;
+
+ private:
+  typedef ServiceOptions OptionsType;
+
+  // Allows access to GetLocationPath for annotations.
+  friend class io::Printer;
+  friend class compiler::cpp::Formatter;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugString().
+  void DebugString(std::string* contents,
+                   const DebugStringOptions& options) const;
+
+  // Walks up the descriptor tree to generate the source location path
+  // to this descriptor from the file root.
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const;
+
+  const std::string* name_;
+  const std::string* full_name_;
+  const FileDescriptor* file_;
+  const ServiceOptions* options_;
+  MethodDescriptor* methods_;
+  int method_count_;
+  // IMPORTANT:  If you add a new field, make sure to search for all instances
+  // of Allocate<ServiceDescriptor>() and AllocateArray<ServiceDescriptor>() in
+  // descriptor.cc and update them to initialize the field.
+
+  // Must be constructed using DescriptorPool.
+  ServiceDescriptor() {}
+  friend class DescriptorBuilder;
+  friend class FileDescriptor;
+  friend class MethodDescriptor;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ServiceDescriptor);
+};
+
+
+// Describes an individual service method.  To obtain a MethodDescriptor given
+// a service, first get its ServiceDescriptor, then call
+// ServiceDescriptor::FindMethodByName().  Use DescriptorPool to construct your
+// own descriptors.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodDescriptor {
+ public:
+  typedef MethodDescriptorProto Proto;
+
+  // Name of this method, not including containing scope.
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  // The fully-qualified name of the method, scope delimited by periods.
+  const std::string& full_name() const;
+  // Index within the service's Descriptor.
+  int index() const;
+
+  // The .proto file in which this method was defined.  Never nullptr.
+  const FileDescriptor* file() const;
+  // Gets the service to which this method belongs.  Never nullptr.
+  const ServiceDescriptor* service() const;
+
+  // Gets the type of protocol message which this method accepts as input.
+  const Descriptor* input_type() const;
+  // Gets the type of protocol message which this message produces as output.
+  const Descriptor* output_type() const;
+
+  // Gets whether the client streams multiple requests.
+  bool client_streaming() const;
+  // Gets whether the server streams multiple responses.
+  bool server_streaming() const;
+
+  // Get options for this method.  These are specified in the .proto file by
+  // placing lines like "option foo = 1234;" in curly-braces after a method
+  // declaration.  Allowed options are defined by MethodOptions in
+  // descriptor.proto, and any available extensions of that message.
+  const MethodOptions& options() const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::CopyTo().
+  void CopyTo(MethodDescriptorProto* proto) const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugString().
+  std::string DebugString() const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugStringWithOptions().
+  std::string DebugStringWithOptions(const DebugStringOptions& options) const;
+
+  // Source Location ---------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Updates |*out_location| to the source location of the complete
+  // extent of this method declaration.  Returns false and leaves
+  // |*out_location| unchanged iff location information was not available.
+  bool GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const;
+
+ private:
+  typedef MethodOptions OptionsType;
+
+  // Allows access to GetLocationPath for annotations.
+  friend class io::Printer;
+  friend class compiler::cpp::Formatter;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugString().
+  void DebugString(int depth, std::string* contents,
+                   const DebugStringOptions& options) const;
+
+  // Walks up the descriptor tree to generate the source location path
+  // to this descriptor from the file root.
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const;
+
+  const std::string* name_;
+  const std::string* full_name_;
+  const ServiceDescriptor* service_;
+  mutable internal::LazyDescriptor input_type_;
+  mutable internal::LazyDescriptor output_type_;
+  const MethodOptions* options_;
+  bool client_streaming_;
+  bool server_streaming_;
+  // IMPORTANT:  If you add a new field, make sure to search for all instances
+  // of Allocate<MethodDescriptor>() and AllocateArray<MethodDescriptor>() in
+  // descriptor.cc and update them to initialize the field.
+
+  // Must be constructed using DescriptorPool.
+  MethodDescriptor() {}
+  friend class DescriptorBuilder;
+  friend class ServiceDescriptor;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MethodDescriptor);
+};
+
+
+// Describes a whole .proto file.  To get the FileDescriptor for a compiled-in
+// file, get the descriptor for something defined in that file and call
+// descriptor->file().  Use DescriptorPool to construct your own descriptors.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptor {
+ public:
+  typedef FileDescriptorProto Proto;
+
+  // The filename, relative to the source tree.
+  // e.g. "foo/bar/baz.proto"
+  const std::string& name() const;
+
+  // The package, e.g. "google.protobuf.compiler".
+  const std::string& package() const;
+
+  // The DescriptorPool in which this FileDescriptor and all its contents were
+  // allocated.  Never nullptr.
+  const DescriptorPool* pool() const;
+
+  // The number of files imported by this one.
+  int dependency_count() const;
+  // Gets an imported file by index, where 0 <= index < dependency_count().
+  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+  const FileDescriptor* dependency(int index) const;
+
+  // The number of files public imported by this one.
+  // The public dependency list is a subset of the dependency list.
+  int public_dependency_count() const;
+  // Gets a public imported file by index, where 0 <= index <
+  // public_dependency_count().
+  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+  const FileDescriptor* public_dependency(int index) const;
+
+  // The number of files that are imported for weak fields.
+  // The weak dependency list is a subset of the dependency list.
+  int weak_dependency_count() const;
+  // Gets a weak imported file by index, where 0 <= index <
+  // weak_dependency_count().
+  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+  const FileDescriptor* weak_dependency(int index) const;
+
+  // Number of top-level message types defined in this file.  (This does not
+  // include nested types.)
+  int message_type_count() const;
+  // Gets a top-level message type, where 0 <= index < message_type_count().
+  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+  const Descriptor* message_type(int index) const;
+
+  // Number of top-level enum types defined in this file.  (This does not
+  // include nested types.)
+  int enum_type_count() const;
+  // Gets a top-level enum type, where 0 <= index < enum_type_count().
+  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+  const EnumDescriptor* enum_type(int index) const;
+
+  // Number of services defined in this file.
+  int service_count() const;
+  // Gets a service, where 0 <= index < service_count().
+  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+  const ServiceDescriptor* service(int index) const;
+
+  // Number of extensions defined at file scope.  (This does not include
+  // extensions nested within message types.)
+  int extension_count() const;
+  // Gets an extension's descriptor, where 0 <= index < extension_count().
+  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
+  const FieldDescriptor* extension(int index) const;
+
+  // Get options for this file.  These are specified in the .proto file by
+  // placing lines like "option foo = 1234;" at the top level, outside of any
+  // other definitions.  Allowed options are defined by FileOptions in
+  // descriptor.proto, and any available extensions of that message.
+  const FileOptions& options() const;
+
+  // Syntax of this file.
+  enum Syntax {
+    SYNTAX_UNKNOWN = 0,
+    SYNTAX_PROTO2 = 2,
+    SYNTAX_PROTO3 = 3,
+  };
+  Syntax syntax() const;
+  static const char* SyntaxName(Syntax syntax);
+
+  // Find a top-level message type by name.  Returns nullptr if not found.
+  const Descriptor* FindMessageTypeByName(const std::string& name) const;
+  // Find a top-level enum type by name.  Returns nullptr if not found.
+  const EnumDescriptor* FindEnumTypeByName(const std::string& name) const;
+  // Find an enum value defined in any top-level enum by name.  Returns nullptr
+  // if not found.
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* FindEnumValueByName(const std::string& name) const;
+  // Find a service definition by name.  Returns nullptr if not found.
+  const ServiceDescriptor* FindServiceByName(const std::string& name) const;
+  // Find a top-level extension definition by name.  Returns nullptr if not
+  // found.
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindExtensionByName(const std::string& name) const;
+  // Similar to FindExtensionByName(), but searches by lowercased-name.  See
+  // Descriptor::FindFieldByLowercaseName().
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindExtensionByLowercaseName(
+      const std::string& name) const;
+  // Similar to FindExtensionByName(), but searches by camelcased-name.  See
+  // Descriptor::FindFieldByCamelcaseName().
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindExtensionByCamelcaseName(
+      const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::CopyTo().
+  // Notes:
+  // - This method does NOT copy source code information since it is relatively
+  //   large and rarely needed.  See CopySourceCodeInfoTo() below.
+  void CopyTo(FileDescriptorProto* proto) const;
+  // Write the source code information of this FileDescriptor into the given
+  // FileDescriptorProto.  See CopyTo() above.
+  void CopySourceCodeInfoTo(FileDescriptorProto* proto) const;
+  // Fill the json_name field of FieldDescriptorProto for all fields. Can only
+  // be called after CopyTo().
+  void CopyJsonNameTo(FileDescriptorProto* proto) const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugString().
+  std::string DebugString() const;
+
+  // See Descriptor::DebugStringWithOptions().
+  std::string DebugStringWithOptions(const DebugStringOptions& options) const;
+
+  // Returns true if this is a placeholder for an unknown file. This will
+  // only be the case if this descriptor comes from a DescriptorPool
+  // with AllowUnknownDependencies() set.
+  bool is_placeholder() const;
+
+  // Updates |*out_location| to the source location of the complete extent of
+  // this file declaration (namely, the empty path).
+  bool GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const;
+
+  // Updates |*out_location| to the source location of the complete
+  // extent of the declaration or declaration-part denoted by |path|.
+  // Returns false and leaves |*out_location| unchanged iff location
+  // information was not available.  (See SourceCodeInfo for
+  // description of path encoding.)
+  bool GetSourceLocation(const std::vector<int>& path,
+                         SourceLocation* out_location) const;
+
+ private:
+  typedef FileOptions OptionsType;
+
+  const std::string* name_;
+  const std::string* package_;
+  const DescriptorPool* pool_;
+  internal::once_flag* dependencies_once_;
+  static void DependenciesOnceInit(const FileDescriptor* to_init);
+  void InternalDependenciesOnceInit() const;
+
+  // These are arranged to minimze padding on 64-bit.
+  int dependency_count_;
+  int public_dependency_count_;
+  int weak_dependency_count_;
+  int message_type_count_;
+  int enum_type_count_;
+  int service_count_;
+  int extension_count_;
+  Syntax syntax_;
+  bool is_placeholder_;
+
+  // Indicates the FileDescriptor is completed building. Used to verify
+  // that type accessor functions that can possibly build a dependent file
+  // aren't called during the process of building the file.
+  bool finished_building_;
+
+  mutable const FileDescriptor** dependencies_;
+  const std::string** dependencies_names_;
+  int* public_dependencies_;
+  int* weak_dependencies_;
+  Descriptor* message_types_;
+  EnumDescriptor* enum_types_;
+  ServiceDescriptor* services_;
+  FieldDescriptor* extensions_;
+  const FileOptions* options_;
+
+  const FileDescriptorTables* tables_;
+  const SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info_;
+
+  // IMPORTANT:  If you add a new field, make sure to search for all instances
+  // of Allocate<FileDescriptor>() and AllocateArray<FileDescriptor>() in
+  // descriptor.cc and update them to initialize the field.
+
+  FileDescriptor() {}
+  friend class DescriptorBuilder;
+  friend class DescriptorPool;
+  friend class Descriptor;
+  friend class FieldDescriptor;
+  friend class internal::LazyDescriptor;
+  friend class OneofDescriptor;
+  friend class EnumDescriptor;
+  friend class EnumValueDescriptor;
+  friend class MethodDescriptor;
+  friend class ServiceDescriptor;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FileDescriptor);
+};
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// Used to construct descriptors.
+//
+// Normally you won't want to build your own descriptors.  Message classes
+// constructed by the protocol compiler will provide them for you.  However,
+// if you are implementing Message on your own, or if you are writing a
+// program which can operate on totally arbitrary types and needs to load
+// them from some sort of database, you might need to.
+//
+// Since Descriptors are composed of a whole lot of cross-linked bits of
+// data that would be a pain to put together manually, the
+// DescriptorPool class is provided to make the process easier.  It can
+// take a FileDescriptorProto (defined in descriptor.proto), validate it,
+// and convert it to a set of nicely cross-linked Descriptors.
+//
+// DescriptorPool also helps with memory management.  Descriptors are
+// composed of many objects containing static data and pointers to each
+// other.  In all likelihood, when it comes time to delete this data,
+// you'll want to delete it all at once.  In fact, it is not uncommon to
+// have a whole pool of descriptors all cross-linked with each other which
+// you wish to delete all at once.  This class represents such a pool, and
+// handles the memory management for you.
+//
+// You can also search for descriptors within a DescriptorPool by name, and
+// extensions by number.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorPool {
+ public:
+  // Create a normal, empty DescriptorPool.
+  DescriptorPool();
+
+  // Constructs a DescriptorPool that, when it can't find something among the
+  // descriptors already in the pool, looks for it in the given
+  // DescriptorDatabase.
+  // Notes:
+  // - If a DescriptorPool is constructed this way, its BuildFile*() methods
+  //   must not be called (they will assert-fail).  The only way to populate
+  //   the pool with descriptors is to call the Find*By*() methods.
+  // - The Find*By*() methods may block the calling thread if the
+  //   DescriptorDatabase blocks.  This in turn means that parsing messages
+  //   may block if they need to look up extensions.
+  // - The Find*By*() methods will use mutexes for thread-safety, thus making
+  //   them slower even when they don't have to fall back to the database.
+  //   In fact, even the Find*By*() methods of descriptor objects owned by
+  //   this pool will be slower, since they will have to obtain locks too.
+  // - An ErrorCollector may optionally be given to collect validation errors
+  //   in files loaded from the database.  If not given, errors will be printed
+  //   to GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR).  Remember that files are built on-demand, so this
+  //   ErrorCollector may be called from any thread that calls one of the
+  //   Find*By*() methods.
+  // - The DescriptorDatabase must not be mutated during the lifetime of
+  //   the DescriptorPool. Even if the client takes care to avoid data races,
+  //   changes to the content of the DescriptorDatabase may not be reflected
+  //   in subsequent lookups in the DescriptorPool.
+  class ErrorCollector;
+  explicit DescriptorPool(DescriptorDatabase* fallback_database,
+                          ErrorCollector* error_collector = nullptr);
+
+  ~DescriptorPool();
+
+  // Get a pointer to the generated pool.  Generated protocol message classes
+  // which are compiled into the binary will allocate their descriptors in
+  // this pool.  Do not add your own descriptors to this pool.
+  static const DescriptorPool* generated_pool();
+
+
+  // Find a FileDescriptor in the pool by file name.  Returns nullptr if not
+  // found.
+  const FileDescriptor* FindFileByName(const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // Find the FileDescriptor in the pool which defines the given symbol.
+  // If any of the Find*ByName() methods below would succeed, then this is
+  // equivalent to calling that method and calling the result's file() method.
+  // Otherwise this returns nullptr.
+  const FileDescriptor* FindFileContainingSymbol(
+      const std::string& symbol_name) const;
+
+  // Looking up descriptors ------------------------------------------
+  // These find descriptors by fully-qualified name.  These will find both
+  // top-level descriptors and nested descriptors.  They return nullptr if not
+  // found.
+
+  const Descriptor* FindMessageTypeByName(const std::string& name) const;
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindFieldByName(const std::string& name) const;
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindExtensionByName(const std::string& name) const;
+  const OneofDescriptor* FindOneofByName(const std::string& name) const;
+  const EnumDescriptor* FindEnumTypeByName(const std::string& name) const;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* FindEnumValueByName(const std::string& name) const;
+  const ServiceDescriptor* FindServiceByName(const std::string& name) const;
+  const MethodDescriptor* FindMethodByName(const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // Finds an extension of the given type by number.  The extendee must be
+  // a member of this DescriptorPool or one of its underlays.
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindExtensionByNumber(const Descriptor* extendee,
+                                               int number) const;
+
+  // Finds an extension of the given type by its printable name.
+  // See comments above PrintableNameForExtension() for the definition of
+  // "printable name".  The extendee must be a member of this DescriptorPool
+  // or one of its underlays.  Returns nullptr if there is no known message
+  // extension with the given printable name.
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindExtensionByPrintableName(
+      const Descriptor* extendee, const std::string& printable_name) const;
+
+  // Finds extensions of extendee. The extensions will be appended to
+  // out in an undefined order. Only extensions defined directly in
+  // this DescriptorPool or one of its underlays are guaranteed to be
+  // found: extensions defined in the fallback database might not be found
+  // depending on the database implementation.
+  void FindAllExtensions(const Descriptor* extendee,
+                         std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* out) const;
+
+  // Building descriptors --------------------------------------------
+
+  // When converting a FileDescriptorProto to a FileDescriptor, various
+  // errors might be detected in the input.  The caller may handle these
+  // programmatically by implementing an ErrorCollector.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ErrorCollector {
+   public:
+    inline ErrorCollector() {}
+    virtual ~ErrorCollector();
+
+    // These constants specify what exact part of the construct is broken.
+    // This is useful e.g. for mapping the error back to an exact location
+    // in a .proto file.
+    enum ErrorLocation {
+      NAME,           // the symbol name, or the package name for files
+      NUMBER,         // field or extension range number
+      TYPE,           // field type
+      EXTENDEE,       // field extendee
+      DEFAULT_VALUE,  // field default value
+      INPUT_TYPE,     // method input type
+      OUTPUT_TYPE,    // method output type
+      OPTION_NAME,    // name in assignment
+      OPTION_VALUE,   // value in option assignment
+      IMPORT,         // import error
+      OTHER           // some other problem
+    };
+
+    // Reports an error in the FileDescriptorProto. Use this function if the
+    // problem occurred should interrupt building the FileDescriptorProto.
+    virtual void AddError(
+        const std::string& filename,  // File name in which the error occurred.
+        const std::string& element_name,  // Full name of the erroneous element.
+        const Message* descriptor,  // Descriptor of the erroneous element.
+        ErrorLocation location,     // One of the location constants, above.
+        const std::string& message  // Human-readable error message.
+        ) = 0;
+
+    // Reports a warning in the FileDescriptorProto. Use this function if the
+    // problem occurred should NOT interrupt building the FileDescriptorProto.
+    virtual void AddWarning(
+        const std::string& /*filename*/,      // File name in which the error
+                                              // occurred.
+        const std::string& /*element_name*/,  // Full name of the erroneous
+                                              // element.
+        const Message* /*descriptor*/,  // Descriptor of the erroneous element.
+        ErrorLocation /*location*/,     // One of the location constants, above.
+        const std::string& /*message*/  // Human-readable error message.
+    ) {}
+
+   private:
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ErrorCollector);
+  };
+
+  // Convert the FileDescriptorProto to real descriptors and place them in
+  // this DescriptorPool.  All dependencies of the file must already be in
+  // the pool.  Returns the resulting FileDescriptor, or nullptr if there were
+  // problems with the input (e.g. the message was invalid, or dependencies
+  // were missing).  Details about the errors are written to GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR).
+  const FileDescriptor* BuildFile(const FileDescriptorProto& proto);
+
+  // Same as BuildFile() except errors are sent to the given ErrorCollector.
+  const FileDescriptor* BuildFileCollectingErrors(
+      const FileDescriptorProto& proto, ErrorCollector* error_collector);
+
+  // By default, it is an error if a FileDescriptorProto contains references
+  // to types or other files that are not found in the DescriptorPool (or its
+  // backing DescriptorDatabase, if any).  If you call
+  // AllowUnknownDependencies(), however, then unknown types and files
+  // will be replaced by placeholder descriptors (which can be identified by
+  // the is_placeholder() method).  This can allow you to
+  // perform some useful operations with a .proto file even if you do not
+  // have access to other .proto files on which it depends.  However, some
+  // heuristics must be used to fill in the gaps in information, and these
+  // can lead to descriptors which are inaccurate.  For example, the
+  // DescriptorPool may be forced to guess whether an unknown type is a message
+  // or an enum, as well as what package it resides in.  Furthermore,
+  // placeholder types will not be discoverable via FindMessageTypeByName()
+  // and similar methods, which could confuse some descriptor-based algorithms.
+  // Generally, the results of this option should be handled with extreme care.
+  void AllowUnknownDependencies() { allow_unknown_ = true; }
+
+  // By default, weak imports are allowed to be missing, in which case we will
+  // use a placeholder for the dependency and convert the field to be an Empty
+  // message field. If you call EnforceWeakDependencies(true), however, the
+  // DescriptorPool will report a import not found error.
+  void EnforceWeakDependencies(bool enforce) { enforce_weak_ = enforce; }
+
+  // Internal stuff --------------------------------------------------
+  // These methods MUST NOT be called from outside the proto2 library.
+  // These methods may contain hidden pitfalls and may be removed in a
+  // future library version.
+
+  // Create a DescriptorPool which is overlaid on top of some other pool.
+  // If you search for a descriptor in the overlay and it is not found, the
+  // underlay will be searched as a backup.  If the underlay has its own
+  // underlay, that will be searched next, and so on.  This also means that
+  // files built in the overlay will be cross-linked with the underlay's
+  // descriptors if necessary.  The underlay remains property of the caller;
+  // it must remain valid for the lifetime of the newly-constructed pool.
+  //
+  // Example:  Say you want to parse a .proto file at runtime in order to use
+  // its type with a DynamicMessage.  Say this .proto file has dependencies,
+  // but you know that all the dependencies will be things that are already
+  // compiled into the binary.  For ease of use, you'd like to load the types
+  // right out of generated_pool() rather than have to parse redundant copies
+  // of all these .protos and runtime.  But, you don't want to add the parsed
+  // types directly into generated_pool(): this is not allowed, and would be
+  // bad design anyway.  So, instead, you could use generated_pool() as an
+  // underlay for a new DescriptorPool in which you add only the new file.
+  //
+  // WARNING:  Use of underlays can lead to many subtle gotchas.  Instead,
+  //   try to formulate what you want to do in terms of DescriptorDatabases.
+  explicit DescriptorPool(const DescriptorPool* underlay);
+
+  // Called by generated classes at init time to add their descriptors to
+  // generated_pool.  Do NOT call this in your own code!  filename must be a
+  // permanent string (e.g. a string literal).
+  static void InternalAddGeneratedFile(const void* encoded_file_descriptor,
+                                       int size);
+
+  // Disallow [enforce_utf8 = false] in .proto files.
+  void DisallowEnforceUtf8() { disallow_enforce_utf8_ = true; }
+
+
+  // For internal use only:  Gets a non-const pointer to the generated pool.
+  // This is called at static-initialization time only, so thread-safety is
+  // not a concern.  If both an underlay and a fallback database are present,
+  // the underlay takes precedence.
+  static DescriptorPool* internal_generated_pool();
+
+  // For internal use only:  Changes the behavior of BuildFile() such that it
+  // allows the file to make reference to message types declared in other files
+  // which it did not officially declare as dependencies.
+  void InternalDontEnforceDependencies();
+
+  // For internal use only: Enables lazy building of dependencies of a file.
+  // Delay the building of dependencies of a file descriptor until absolutely
+  // necessary, like when message_type() is called on a field that is defined
+  // in that dependency's file. This will cause functional issues if a proto
+  // or one of it's dependencies has errors. Should only be enabled for the
+  // generated_pool_ (because no descriptor build errors are guaranteed by
+  // the compilation generation process), testing, or if a lack of descriptor
+  // build errors can be guaranteed for a pool.
+  void InternalSetLazilyBuildDependencies() {
+    lazily_build_dependencies_ = true;
+    // This needs to be set when lazily building dependencies, as it breaks
+    // dependency checking.
+    InternalDontEnforceDependencies();
+  }
+
+  // For internal use only.
+  void internal_set_underlay(const DescriptorPool* underlay) {
+    underlay_ = underlay;
+  }
+
+  // For internal (unit test) use only:  Returns true if a FileDescriptor has
+  // been constructed for the given file, false otherwise.  Useful for testing
+  // lazy descriptor initialization behavior.
+  bool InternalIsFileLoaded(const std::string& filename) const;
+
+  // Add a file to unused_import_track_files_. DescriptorBuilder will log
+  // warnings for those files if there is any unused import.
+  void AddUnusedImportTrackFile(const std::string& file_name);
+  void ClearUnusedImportTrackFiles();
+
+ private:
+  friend class Descriptor;
+  friend class internal::LazyDescriptor;
+  friend class FieldDescriptor;
+  friend class EnumDescriptor;
+  friend class ServiceDescriptor;
+  friend class MethodDescriptor;
+  friend class FileDescriptor;
+  friend class StreamDescriptor;
+  friend class DescriptorBuilder;
+  friend class FileDescriptorTables;
+
+  // Return true if the given name is a sub-symbol of any non-package
+  // descriptor that already exists in the descriptor pool.  (The full
+  // definition of such types is already known.)
+  bool IsSubSymbolOfBuiltType(const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // Tries to find something in the fallback database and link in the
+  // corresponding proto file.  Returns true if successful, in which case
+  // the caller should search for the thing again.  These are declared
+  // const because they are called by (semantically) const methods.
+  bool TryFindFileInFallbackDatabase(const std::string& name) const;
+  bool TryFindSymbolInFallbackDatabase(const std::string& name) const;
+  bool TryFindExtensionInFallbackDatabase(const Descriptor* containing_type,
+                                          int field_number) const;
+
+  // This internal find extension method only check with its table and underlay
+  // descriptor_pool's table. It does not check with fallback DB and no
+  // additional proto file will be build in this method.
+  const FieldDescriptor* InternalFindExtensionByNumberNoLock(
+      const Descriptor* extendee, int number) const;
+
+  // Like BuildFile() but called internally when the file has been loaded from
+  // fallback_database_.  Declared const because it is called by (semantically)
+  // const methods.
+  const FileDescriptor* BuildFileFromDatabase(
+      const FileDescriptorProto& proto) const;
+
+  // Helper for when lazily_build_dependencies_ is set, can look up a symbol
+  // after the file's descriptor is built, and can build the file where that
+  // symbol is defined if necessary. Will create a placeholder if the type
+  // doesn't exist in the fallback database, or the file doesn't build
+  // successfully.
+  Symbol CrossLinkOnDemandHelper(const std::string& name,
+                                 bool expecting_enum) const;
+
+  // Create a placeholder FileDescriptor of the specified name
+  FileDescriptor* NewPlaceholderFile(const std::string& name) const;
+  FileDescriptor* NewPlaceholderFileWithMutexHeld(
+      const std::string& name) const;
+
+  enum PlaceholderType {
+    PLACEHOLDER_MESSAGE,
+    PLACEHOLDER_ENUM,
+    PLACEHOLDER_EXTENDABLE_MESSAGE
+  };
+  // Create a placeholder Descriptor of the specified name
+  Symbol NewPlaceholder(const std::string& name,
+                        PlaceholderType placeholder_type) const;
+  Symbol NewPlaceholderWithMutexHeld(const std::string& name,
+                                     PlaceholderType placeholder_type) const;
+
+  // If fallback_database_ is nullptr, this is nullptr.  Otherwise, this is a
+  // mutex which must be locked while accessing tables_.
+  internal::WrappedMutex* mutex_;
+
+  // See constructor.
+  DescriptorDatabase* fallback_database_;
+  ErrorCollector* default_error_collector_;
+  const DescriptorPool* underlay_;
+
+  // This class contains a lot of hash maps with complicated types that
+  // we'd like to keep out of the header.
+  class Tables;
+  std::unique_ptr<Tables> tables_;
+
+  bool enforce_dependencies_;
+  bool lazily_build_dependencies_;
+  bool allow_unknown_;
+  bool enforce_weak_;
+  bool disallow_enforce_utf8_;
+  std::set<std::string> unused_import_track_files_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(DescriptorPool);
+};
+
+
+// inline methods ====================================================
+
+// These macros makes this repetitive code more readable.
+#define PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(CLASS, FIELD, TYPE) \
+  inline TYPE CLASS::FIELD() const { return FIELD##_; }
+
+// Strings fields are stored as pointers but returned as const references.
+#define PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(CLASS, FIELD) \
+  inline const std::string& CLASS::FIELD() const { return *FIELD##_; }
+
+// Arrays take an index parameter, obviously.
+#define PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(CLASS, FIELD, TYPE) \
+  inline TYPE CLASS::FIELD(int index) const { return FIELD##s_ + index; }
+
+#define PROTOBUF_DEFINE_OPTIONS_ACCESSOR(CLASS, TYPE) \
+  inline const TYPE& CLASS::options() const { return *options_; }
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, full_name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, file, const FileDescriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, containing_type, const Descriptor*)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, field_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, oneof_decl_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, nested_type_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, enum_type_count, int)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, field, const FieldDescriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, oneof_decl, const OneofDescriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, nested_type, const Descriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, enum_type, const EnumDescriptor*)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, extension_range_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, extension_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, extension_range,
+                               const Descriptor::ExtensionRange*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, extension, const FieldDescriptor*)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, reserved_range_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, reserved_range,
+                               const Descriptor::ReservedRange*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, reserved_name_count, int)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_OPTIONS_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, MessageOptions)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, is_placeholder, bool)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, full_name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, json_name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, lowercase_name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, camelcase_name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, file, const FileDescriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, number, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, is_extension, bool)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, label, FieldDescriptor::Label)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, containing_type, const Descriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, containing_oneof,
+                         const OneofDescriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, index_in_oneof, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, extension_scope, const Descriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_OPTIONS_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, FieldOptions)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, has_default_value, bool)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, has_json_name, bool)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, default_value_int32, int32)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, default_value_int64, int64)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, default_value_uint32, uint32)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, default_value_uint64, uint64)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, default_value_float, float)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, default_value_double, double)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, default_value_bool, bool)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, default_value_string)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(OneofDescriptor, name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(OneofDescriptor, full_name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(OneofDescriptor, containing_type, const Descriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(OneofDescriptor, field_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_OPTIONS_ACCESSOR(OneofDescriptor, OneofOptions)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(EnumDescriptor, name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(EnumDescriptor, full_name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(EnumDescriptor, file, const FileDescriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(EnumDescriptor, containing_type, const Descriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(EnumDescriptor, value_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(EnumDescriptor, value,
+                               const EnumValueDescriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_OPTIONS_ACCESSOR(EnumDescriptor, EnumOptions)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(EnumDescriptor, is_placeholder, bool)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(EnumDescriptor, reserved_range_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(EnumDescriptor, reserved_range,
+                               const EnumDescriptor::ReservedRange*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(EnumDescriptor, reserved_name_count, int)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(EnumValueDescriptor, name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(EnumValueDescriptor, full_name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(EnumValueDescriptor, number, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(EnumValueDescriptor, type, const EnumDescriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_OPTIONS_ACCESSOR(EnumValueDescriptor, EnumValueOptions)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(ServiceDescriptor, name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(ServiceDescriptor, full_name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(ServiceDescriptor, file, const FileDescriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(ServiceDescriptor, method_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(ServiceDescriptor, method,
+                               const MethodDescriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_OPTIONS_ACCESSOR(ServiceDescriptor, ServiceOptions)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(MethodDescriptor, name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(MethodDescriptor, full_name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(MethodDescriptor, service, const ServiceDescriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_OPTIONS_ACCESSOR(MethodDescriptor, MethodOptions)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(MethodDescriptor, client_streaming, bool)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(MethodDescriptor, server_streaming, bool)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, name)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, package)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, pool, const DescriptorPool*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, dependency_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, public_dependency_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, weak_dependency_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, message_type_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, enum_type_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, service_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, extension_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_OPTIONS_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, FileOptions)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, is_placeholder, bool)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, message_type, const Descriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, enum_type, const EnumDescriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, service,
+                               const ServiceDescriptor*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(FileDescriptor, extension,
+                               const FieldDescriptor*)
+
+#undef PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR
+#undef PROTOBUF_DEFINE_STRING_ACCESSOR
+#undef PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR
+
+// A few accessors differ from the macros...
+
+inline bool Descriptor::IsExtensionNumber(int number) const {
+  return FindExtensionRangeContainingNumber(number) != nullptr;
+}
+
+inline bool Descriptor::IsReservedNumber(int number) const {
+  return FindReservedRangeContainingNumber(number) != nullptr;
+}
+
+inline bool Descriptor::IsReservedName(const std::string& name) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_name_count(); i++) {
+    if (name == reserved_name(i)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Can't use PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR because reserved_names_ is actually
+// an array of pointers rather than the usual array of objects.
+inline const std::string& Descriptor::reserved_name(int index) const {
+  return *reserved_names_[index];
+}
+
+inline bool EnumDescriptor::IsReservedNumber(int number) const {
+  return FindReservedRangeContainingNumber(number) != nullptr;
+}
+
+inline bool EnumDescriptor::IsReservedName(const std::string& name) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_name_count(); i++) {
+    if (name == reserved_name(i)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Can't use PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR because reserved_names_ is actually
+// an array of pointers rather than the usual array of objects.
+inline const std::string& EnumDescriptor::reserved_name(int index) const {
+  return *reserved_names_[index];
+}
+
+inline FieldDescriptor::Type FieldDescriptor::type() const {
+  if (type_once_) {
+    internal::call_once(*type_once_, &FieldDescriptor::TypeOnceInit, this);
+  }
+  return type_;
+}
+
+inline bool FieldDescriptor::is_required() const {
+  return label() == LABEL_REQUIRED;
+}
+
+inline bool FieldDescriptor::is_optional() const {
+  return label() == LABEL_OPTIONAL;
+}
+
+inline bool FieldDescriptor::is_repeated() const {
+  return label() == LABEL_REPEATED;
+}
+
+inline bool FieldDescriptor::is_packable() const {
+  return is_repeated() && IsTypePackable(type());
+}
+
+inline bool FieldDescriptor::is_map() const {
+  return type() == TYPE_MESSAGE && is_map_message_type();
+}
+
+// To save space, index() is computed by looking at the descriptor's position
+// in the parent's array of children.
+inline int FieldDescriptor::index() const {
+  if (!is_extension_) {
+    return static_cast<int>(this - containing_type()->fields_);
+  } else if (extension_scope_ != nullptr) {
+    return static_cast<int>(this - extension_scope_->extensions_);
+  } else {
+    return static_cast<int>(this - file_->extensions_);
+  }
+}
+
+inline int Descriptor::index() const {
+  if (containing_type_ == nullptr) {
+    return static_cast<int>(this - file_->message_types_);
+  } else {
+    return static_cast<int>(this - containing_type_->nested_types_);
+  }
+}
+
+inline const FileDescriptor* OneofDescriptor::file() const {
+  return containing_type()->file();
+}
+
+inline int OneofDescriptor::index() const {
+  return static_cast<int>(this - containing_type_->oneof_decls_);
+}
+
+inline int EnumDescriptor::index() const {
+  if (containing_type_ == nullptr) {
+    return static_cast<int>(this - file_->enum_types_);
+  } else {
+    return static_cast<int>(this - containing_type_->enum_types_);
+  }
+}
+
+inline const FileDescriptor* EnumValueDescriptor::file() const {
+  return type()->file();
+}
+
+inline int EnumValueDescriptor::index() const {
+  return static_cast<int>(this - type_->values_);
+}
+
+inline int ServiceDescriptor::index() const {
+  return static_cast<int>(this - file_->services_);
+}
+
+inline const FileDescriptor* MethodDescriptor::file() const {
+  return service()->file();
+}
+
+inline int MethodDescriptor::index() const {
+  return static_cast<int>(this - service_->methods_);
+}
+
+inline const char* FieldDescriptor::type_name() const {
+  return kTypeToName[type()];
+}
+
+inline FieldDescriptor::CppType FieldDescriptor::cpp_type() const {
+  return kTypeToCppTypeMap[type()];
+}
+
+inline const char* FieldDescriptor::cpp_type_name() const {
+  return kCppTypeToName[kTypeToCppTypeMap[type()]];
+}
+
+inline FieldDescriptor::CppType FieldDescriptor::TypeToCppType(Type type) {
+  return kTypeToCppTypeMap[type];
+}
+
+inline const char* FieldDescriptor::TypeName(Type type) {
+  return kTypeToName[type];
+}
+
+inline const char* FieldDescriptor::CppTypeName(CppType cpp_type) {
+  return kCppTypeToName[cpp_type];
+}
+
+inline bool FieldDescriptor::IsTypePackable(Type field_type) {
+  return (field_type != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING &&
+          field_type != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP &&
+          field_type != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+          field_type != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES);
+}
+
+inline const FileDescriptor* FileDescriptor::public_dependency(
+    int index) const {
+  return dependency(public_dependencies_[index]);
+}
+
+inline const FileDescriptor* FileDescriptor::weak_dependency(int index) const {
+  return dependency(weak_dependencies_[index]);
+}
+
+inline FileDescriptor::Syntax FileDescriptor::syntax() const { return syntax_; }
+
+// Can't use PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR because fields_ is actually an array
+// of pointers rather than the usual array of objects.
+inline const FieldDescriptor* OneofDescriptor::field(int index) const {
+  return fields_[index];
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DESCRIPTOR_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..470b29264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,11510 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<6> scc_info_DescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<3> scc_info_EnumDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_EnumOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_EnumValueDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_EnumValueOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_ExtensionRangeOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_FieldDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_FieldOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<6> scc_info_FileDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_FileOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_MessageOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_MethodDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_MethodOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_OneofDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_OneofOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<2> scc_info_ServiceDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_ServiceOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_SourceCodeInfo_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_SourceCodeInfo_Location_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class FileDescriptorSetDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FileDescriptorSet> _instance;
+} _FileDescriptorSet_default_instance_;
+class FileDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FileDescriptorProto> _instance;
+} _FileDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class DescriptorProto_ExtensionRangeDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange> _instance;
+} _DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_default_instance_;
+class DescriptorProto_ReservedRangeDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<DescriptorProto_ReservedRange> _instance;
+} _DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_default_instance_;
+class DescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<DescriptorProto> _instance;
+} _DescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class ExtensionRangeOptionsDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<ExtensionRangeOptions> _instance;
+} _ExtensionRangeOptions_default_instance_;
+class FieldDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FieldDescriptorProto> _instance;
+} _FieldDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class OneofDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<OneofDescriptorProto> _instance;
+} _OneofDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRangeDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange> _instance;
+} _EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_default_instance_;
+class EnumDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumDescriptorProto> _instance;
+} _EnumDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class EnumValueDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumValueDescriptorProto> _instance;
+} _EnumValueDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class ServiceDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<ServiceDescriptorProto> _instance;
+} _ServiceDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class MethodDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<MethodDescriptorProto> _instance;
+} _MethodDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class FileOptionsDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FileOptions> _instance;
+} _FileOptions_default_instance_;
+class MessageOptionsDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<MessageOptions> _instance;
+} _MessageOptions_default_instance_;
+class FieldOptionsDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FieldOptions> _instance;
+} _FieldOptions_default_instance_;
+class OneofOptionsDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<OneofOptions> _instance;
+} _OneofOptions_default_instance_;
+class EnumOptionsDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumOptions> _instance;
+} _EnumOptions_default_instance_;
+class EnumValueOptionsDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumValueOptions> _instance;
+} _EnumValueOptions_default_instance_;
+class ServiceOptionsDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<ServiceOptions> _instance;
+} _ServiceOptions_default_instance_;
+class MethodOptionsDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<MethodOptions> _instance;
+} _MethodOptions_default_instance_;
+class UninterpretedOption_NamePartDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<UninterpretedOption_NamePart> _instance;
+} _UninterpretedOption_NamePart_default_instance_;
+class UninterpretedOptionDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<UninterpretedOption> _instance;
+} _UninterpretedOption_default_instance_;
+class SourceCodeInfo_LocationDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<SourceCodeInfo_Location> _instance;
+} _SourceCodeInfo_Location_default_instance_;
+class SourceCodeInfoDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<SourceCodeInfo> _instance;
+} _SourceCodeInfo_default_instance_;
+class GeneratedCodeInfo_AnnotationDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation> _instance;
+} _GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_default_instance_;
+class GeneratedCodeInfoDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<GeneratedCodeInfo> _instance;
+} _GeneratedCodeInfo_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_DescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_DescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<6> scc_info_DescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 6, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_DescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_FieldDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_EnumDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_OneofDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_MessageOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_ExtensionRangeOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_EnumDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_EnumDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<3> scc_info_EnumDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 3, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_EnumDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_EnumValueDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_EnumOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_EnumOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_EnumOptions_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_EnumOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_EnumOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_EnumValueDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_EnumValueDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_EnumValueDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_EnumValueDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_EnumValueOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_EnumValueOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_EnumValueOptions_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_EnumValueOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_EnumValueOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_ExtensionRangeOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_ExtensionRangeOptions_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_ExtensionRangeOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_ExtensionRangeOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_FieldDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_FieldDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_FieldDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_FieldDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_FieldOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_FieldOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_FieldOptions_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_FieldOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_FieldOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_FileDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_FileDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<6> scc_info_FileDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 6, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_FileDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_DescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_EnumDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_ServiceDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_FieldDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_FileOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_SourceCodeInfo_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_FileDescriptorSet_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_FileDescriptorSet_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorSet();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorSet::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_FileDescriptorSet_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_FileDescriptorSet_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_FileDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_FileOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_FileOptions_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_FileOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_FileOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_GeneratedCodeInfo_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_GeneratedCodeInfo_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_GeneratedCodeInfo_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_GeneratedCodeInfo_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_MessageOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_MessageOptions_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_MessageOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_MessageOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_MethodDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_MethodDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_MethodDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_MethodDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_MethodOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_MethodOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_MethodOptions_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_MethodOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_MethodOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_OneofDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_OneofDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_OneofDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_OneofDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_OneofOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_OneofOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_OneofOptions_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_OneofOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_OneofOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_ServiceDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_ServiceDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<2> scc_info_ServiceDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 2, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_ServiceDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_MethodDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_ServiceOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_ServiceOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_ServiceOptions_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_ServiceOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_ServiceOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_SourceCodeInfo_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_SourceCodeInfo_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_SourceCodeInfo_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_SourceCodeInfo_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_SourceCodeInfo_Location_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_SourceCodeInfo_Location_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_SourceCodeInfo_Location_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_SourceCodeInfo_Location_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_SourceCodeInfo_Location_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_UninterpretedOption_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto[27];
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto[6];
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor const** file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto = nullptr;
+
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto::offsets[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorSet, _has_bits_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorSet, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorSet, file_),
+  ~0u,
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto, _has_bits_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto, name_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto, package_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto, dependency_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto, public_dependency_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto, weak_dependency_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto, message_type_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto, enum_type_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto, service_),
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto, options_),
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange, start_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange, end_),
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
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+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange, end_),
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto, field_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto, extension_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto, nested_type_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto, enum_type_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto, extension_range_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto, oneof_decl_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto, options_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto, reserved_range_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto, reserved_name_),
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions, _extensions_),
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions, uninterpreted_option_),
+  ~0u,
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto, _has_bits_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
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+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto, type_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto, type_name_),
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto, name_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto, options_),
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange, end_),
+  0,
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto, _has_bits_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto, name_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto, value_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto, options_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto, reserved_range_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto, reserved_name_),
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto, number_),
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
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+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto, method_),
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
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+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions, _extensions_),
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+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions, uninterpreted_option_),
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions, _internal_metadata_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions, _extensions_),
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+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions, _internal_metadata_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions, _extensions_),
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+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart, _internal_metadata_),
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption, _internal_metadata_),
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+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption, negative_int_value_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption, double_value_),
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+  &scc_info_EnumValueOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_ExtensionRangeOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_FieldDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_FieldOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_FileDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_FileDescriptorSet_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_FileOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_GeneratedCodeInfo_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_MessageOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_MethodDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_MethodOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_OneofDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_OneofOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_ServiceDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_ServiceOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_SourceCodeInfo_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_SourceCodeInfo_Location_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_once;
+static bool descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_initialized = false;
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto = {
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_initialized, descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto, "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto", 6022,
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_once, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_sccs, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_deps, 27, 0,
+  schemas, file_default_instances, TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto::offsets,
+  file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto, 27, file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto, file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto,
+};
+
+// Force running AddDescriptors() at dynamic initialization time.
+static bool dynamic_init_dummy_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto = (  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AddDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto), true);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* FieldDescriptorProto_Type_descriptor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+  return file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto[0];
+}
+bool FieldDescriptorProto_Type_IsValid(int value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 1:
+    case 2:
+    case 3:
+    case 4:
+    case 5:
+    case 6:
+    case 7:
+    case 8:
+    case 9:
+    case 10:
+    case 11:
+    case 12:
+    case 13:
+    case 14:
+    case 15:
+    case 16:
+    case 17:
+    case 18:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+#if (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_DOUBLE;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_FLOAT;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT64;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_UINT64;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_FIXED64;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_FIXED32;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_BOOL;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_STRING;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_GROUP;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_MESSAGE;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_BYTES;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_UINT32;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_ENUM;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_SFIXED32;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_SFIXED64;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_SINT32;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_SINT64;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::Type_MIN;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::Type_MAX;
+constexpr int FieldDescriptorProto::Type_ARRAYSIZE;
+#endif  // (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* FieldDescriptorProto_Label_descriptor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+  return file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto[1];
+}
+bool FieldDescriptorProto_Label_IsValid(int value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 1:
+    case 2:
+    case 3:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+#if (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Label FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Label FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REQUIRED;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Label FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REPEATED;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Label FieldDescriptorProto::Label_MIN;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Label FieldDescriptorProto::Label_MAX;
+constexpr int FieldDescriptorProto::Label_ARRAYSIZE;
+#endif  // (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* FileOptions_OptimizeMode_descriptor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+  return file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto[2];
+}
+bool FileOptions_OptimizeMode_IsValid(int value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 1:
+    case 2:
+    case 3:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+#if (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+constexpr FileOptions_OptimizeMode FileOptions::SPEED;
+constexpr FileOptions_OptimizeMode FileOptions::CODE_SIZE;
+constexpr FileOptions_OptimizeMode FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME;
+constexpr FileOptions_OptimizeMode FileOptions::OptimizeMode_MIN;
+constexpr FileOptions_OptimizeMode FileOptions::OptimizeMode_MAX;
+constexpr int FileOptions::OptimizeMode_ARRAYSIZE;
+#endif  // (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* FieldOptions_CType_descriptor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+  return file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto[3];
+}
+bool FieldOptions_CType_IsValid(int value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 0:
+    case 1:
+    case 2:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+#if (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+constexpr FieldOptions_CType FieldOptions::STRING;
+constexpr FieldOptions_CType FieldOptions::CORD;
+constexpr FieldOptions_CType FieldOptions::STRING_PIECE;
+constexpr FieldOptions_CType FieldOptions::CType_MIN;
+constexpr FieldOptions_CType FieldOptions::CType_MAX;
+constexpr int FieldOptions::CType_ARRAYSIZE;
+#endif  // (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+  return file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto[4];
+}
+bool FieldOptions_JSType_IsValid(int value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 0:
+    case 1:
+    case 2:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+#if (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+constexpr FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::JS_NORMAL;
+constexpr FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::JS_STRING;
+constexpr FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::JS_NUMBER;
+constexpr FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::JSType_MIN;
+constexpr FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::JSType_MAX;
+constexpr int FieldOptions::JSType_ARRAYSIZE;
+#endif  // (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_descriptor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+  return file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto[5];
+}
+bool MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IsValid(int value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 0:
+    case 1:
+    case 2:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+#if (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+constexpr MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel MethodOptions::IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN;
+constexpr MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel MethodOptions::NO_SIDE_EFFECTS;
+constexpr MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel MethodOptions::IDEMPOTENT;
+constexpr MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel MethodOptions::IdempotencyLevel_MIN;
+constexpr MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel MethodOptions::IdempotencyLevel_MAX;
+constexpr int MethodOptions::IdempotencyLevel_ARRAYSIZE;
+#endif  // (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void FileDescriptorSet::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class FileDescriptorSet::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<FileDescriptorSet>()._has_bits_);
+};
+
+FileDescriptorSet::FileDescriptorSet()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+}
+FileDescriptorSet::FileDescriptorSet(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  file_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+}
+FileDescriptorSet::FileDescriptorSet(const FileDescriptorSet& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      file_(from.file_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorSet::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_FileDescriptorSet_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+}
+
+FileDescriptorSet::~FileDescriptorSet() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorSet::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorSet::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  FileDescriptorSet* _this = reinterpret_cast< FileDescriptorSet* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void FileDescriptorSet::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void FileDescriptorSet::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const FileDescriptorSet& FileDescriptorSet::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_FileDescriptorSet_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void FileDescriptorSet::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  file_.Clear();
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* FileDescriptorSet::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto file = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_file(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<10>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* FileDescriptorSet::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto file = 1;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_file_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(1, this->_internal_file(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t FileDescriptorSet::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto file = 1;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_file_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->file_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorSet::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const FileDescriptorSet* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<FileDescriptorSet>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorSet::MergeFrom(const FileDescriptorSet& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  file_.MergeFrom(from.file_);
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorSet::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorSet::CopyFrom(const FileDescriptorSet& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool FileDescriptorSet::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(file_)) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorSet::InternalSwap(FileDescriptorSet* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  file_.InternalSwap(&other->file_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata FileDescriptorSet::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void FileDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_FileDescriptorProto_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->options_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions::internal_default_instance());
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_FileDescriptorProto_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->source_code_info_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class FileDescriptorProto::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<FileDescriptorProto>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_name(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_package(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions& options(const FileDescriptorProto* msg);
+  static void set_has_options(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 8u;
+  }
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo& source_code_info(const FileDescriptorProto* msg);
+  static void set_has_source_code_info(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 16u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_syntax(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 4u;
+  }
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions&
+FileDescriptorProto::_Internal::options(const FileDescriptorProto* msg) {
+  return *msg->options_;
+}
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo&
+FileDescriptorProto::_Internal::source_code_info(const FileDescriptorProto* msg) {
+  return *msg->source_code_info_;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* options) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_source_code_info(
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+    delete source_code_info_;
+  }
+  source_code_info_ = source_code_info;
+  if (source_code_info) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.source_code_info)
+}
+FileDescriptorProto::FileDescriptorProto()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+}
+FileDescriptorProto::FileDescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  dependency_(arena),
+  message_type_(arena),
+  enum_type_(arena),
+  service_(arena),
+  extension_(arena),
+  public_dependency_(arena),
+  weak_dependency_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+}
+FileDescriptorProto::FileDescriptorProto(const FileDescriptorProto& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      dependency_(from.dependency_),
+      message_type_(from.message_type_),
+      enum_type_(from.enum_type_),
+      service_(from.service_),
+      extension_(from.extension_),
+      public_dependency_(from.public_dependency_),
+      weak_dependency_(from.weak_dependency_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_name()) {
+    name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  package_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_package()) {
+    package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_package(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  syntax_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_syntax()) {
+    syntax_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_syntax(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  if (from._internal_has_options()) {
+    options_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions(*from.options_);
+  } else {
+    options_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (from._internal_has_source_code_info()) {
+    source_code_info_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo(*from.source_code_info_);
+  } else {
+    source_code_info_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_FileDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  package_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  syntax_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&options_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&source_code_info_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&options_)) + sizeof(source_code_info_));
+}
+
+FileDescriptorProto::~FileDescriptorProto() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  package_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  syntax_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete options_;
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete source_code_info_;
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorProto::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  FileDescriptorProto* _this = reinterpret_cast< FileDescriptorProto* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const FileDescriptorProto& FileDescriptorProto::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_FileDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void FileDescriptorProto::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  dependency_.Clear();
+  message_type_.Clear();
+  enum_type_.Clear();
+  service_.Clear();
+  extension_.Clear();
+  public_dependency_.Clear();
+  weak_dependency_.Clear();
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000001fu) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      name_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      package_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      syntax_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(options_ != nullptr);
+      options_->Clear();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(source_code_info_ != nullptr);
+      source_code_info_->Clear();
+    }
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* FileDescriptorProto::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string package = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_package();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated string dependency = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            auto str = _internal_add_dependency();
+            ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+            #ifndef NDEBUG
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency");
+            #endif  // !NDEBUG
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<26>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 34)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_message_type(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<34>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;
+      case 5:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 42)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_enum_type(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<42>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;
+      case 6:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 50)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_service(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<50>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;
+      case 7:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 58)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_extension(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<58>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions options = 8;
+      case 8:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 66)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_options(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo source_code_info = 9;
+      case 9:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 74)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_source_code_info(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;
+      case 10:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 80)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            _internal_add_public_dependency(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr));
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<80>(ptr));
+        } else if (static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 82) {
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::PackedInt32Parser(_internal_mutable_public_dependency(), ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;
+      case 11:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 88)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            _internal_add_weak_dependency(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr));
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<88>(ptr));
+        } else if (static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 90) {
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::PackedInt32Parser(_internal_mutable_weak_dependency(), ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string syntax = 12;
+      case 12:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 98)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_syntax();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* FileDescriptorProto::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string package = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_package().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_package().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        2, this->_internal_package(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated string dependency = 3;
+  for (int i = 0, n = this->_internal_dependency_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    const auto& s = this->_internal_dependency(i);
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      s.data(), static_cast<int>(s.length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency");
+    target = stream->WriteString(3, s, target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_message_type_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(4, this->_internal_message_type(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_enum_type_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(5, this->_internal_enum_type(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_service_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(6, this->_internal_service(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_extension_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(7, this->_internal_extension(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions options = 8;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        8, _Internal::options(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo source_code_info = 9;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        9, _Internal::source_code_info(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;
+  for (int i = 0, n = this->_internal_public_dependency_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(10, this->_internal_public_dependency(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;
+  for (int i = 0, n = this->_internal_weak_dependency_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(11, this->_internal_weak_dependency(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string syntax = 12;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_syntax().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_syntax().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        12, this->_internal_syntax(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t FileDescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated string dependency = 3;
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FromIntSize(dependency_.size());
+  for (int i = 0, n = dependency_.size(); i < n; i++) {
+    total_size += ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+      dependency_.Get(i));
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_message_type_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->message_type_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_enum_type_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->enum_type_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_service_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->service_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_extension_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->extension_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;
+  {
+    size_t data_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      Int32Size(this->public_dependency_);
+    total_size += 1 *
+                  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FromIntSize(this->_internal_public_dependency_size());
+    total_size += data_size;
+  }
+
+  // repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;
+  {
+    size_t data_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      Int32Size(this->weak_dependency_);
+    total_size += 1 *
+                  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FromIntSize(this->_internal_weak_dependency_size());
+    total_size += data_size;
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000001fu) {
+    // optional string name = 1;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_name());
+    }
+
+    // optional string package = 2;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_package());
+    }
+
+    // optional string syntax = 12;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_syntax());
+    }
+
+    // optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions options = 8;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+          *options_);
+    }
+
+    // optional .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo source_code_info = 9;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+          *source_code_info_);
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const FileDescriptorProto* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<FileDescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const FileDescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  dependency_.MergeFrom(from.dependency_);
+  message_type_.MergeFrom(from.message_type_);
+  enum_type_.MergeFrom(from.enum_type_);
+  service_.MergeFrom(from.service_);
+  extension_.MergeFrom(from.extension_);
+  public_dependency_.MergeFrom(from.public_dependency_);
+  weak_dependency_.MergeFrom(from.weak_dependency_);
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000001fu) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _internal_set_name(from._internal_name());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      _internal_set_package(from._internal_package());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      _internal_set_syntax(from._internal_syntax());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      _internal_mutable_options()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions::MergeFrom(from._internal_options());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      _internal_mutable_source_code_info()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo::MergeFrom(from._internal_source_code_info());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const FileDescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool FileDescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(message_type_)) return false;
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(enum_type_)) return false;
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(service_)) return false;
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(extension_)) return false;
+  if (_internal_has_options()) {
+    if (!options_->IsInitialized()) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorProto::InternalSwap(FileDescriptorProto* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  dependency_.InternalSwap(&other->dependency_);
+  message_type_.InternalSwap(&other->message_type_);
+  enum_type_.InternalSwap(&other->enum_type_);
+  service_.InternalSwap(&other->service_);
+  extension_.InternalSwap(&other->extension_);
+  public_dependency_.InternalSwap(&other->public_dependency_);
+  weak_dependency_.InternalSwap(&other->weak_dependency_);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  package_.Swap(&other->package_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  syntax_.Swap(&other->syntax_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(options_, other->options_);
+  swap(source_code_info_, other->source_code_info_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata FileDescriptorProto::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->options_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_start(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_end(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 4u;
+  }
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions& options(const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* msg);
+  static void set_has_options(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions&
+DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::_Internal::options(const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* msg) {
+  return *msg->options_;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* options) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.options)
+}
+DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+}
+DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+}
+DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange(const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  if (from._internal_has_options()) {
+    options_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions(*from.options_);
+  } else {
+    options_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  ::memcpy(&start_, &from.start_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&start_)) + sizeof(end_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  ::memset(&options_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&options_)) + sizeof(end_));
+}
+
+DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::~DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete options_;
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* _this = reinterpret_cast< DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(options_ != nullptr);
+    options_->Clear();
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000006u) {
+    ::memset(&start_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&start_)) + sizeof(end_));
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional int32 start = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_start(&has_bits);
+          start_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional int32 end = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_end(&has_bits);
+          end_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions options = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_options(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional int32 start = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(1, this->_internal_start(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 end = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(2, this->_internal_end(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions options = 3;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        3, _Internal::options(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000007u) {
+    // optional .google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions options = 3;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+          *options_);
+    }
+
+    // optional int32 start = 1;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->_internal_start());
+    }
+
+    // optional int32 end = 2;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->_internal_end());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000007u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _internal_mutable_options()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions::MergeFrom(from._internal_options());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      start_ = from.start_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      end_ = from.end_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::CopyFrom(const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (_internal_has_options()) {
+    if (!options_->IsInitialized()) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::InternalSwap(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  swap(options_, other->options_);
+  swap(start_, other->start_);
+  swap(end_, other->end_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<DescriptorProto_ReservedRange>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_start(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_end(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+};
+
+DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+}
+DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+}
+DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::memcpy(&start_, &from.start_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&start_)) + sizeof(end_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::SharedCtor() {
+  ::memset(&start_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&start_)) + sizeof(end_));
+}
+
+DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::~DescriptorProto_ReservedRange() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* _this = reinterpret_cast< DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    ::memset(&start_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&start_)) + sizeof(end_));
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional int32 start = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_start(&has_bits);
+          start_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional int32 end = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_end(&has_bits);
+          end_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional int32 start = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(1, this->_internal_start(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 end = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(2, this->_internal_end(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    // optional int32 start = 1;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->_internal_start());
+    }
+
+    // optional int32 end = 2;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->_internal_end());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<DescriptorProto_ReservedRange>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      start_ = from.start_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      end_ = from.end_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::CopyFrom(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::InternalSwap(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  swap(start_, other->start_);
+  swap(end_, other->end_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void DescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_DescriptorProto_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->options_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class DescriptorProto::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<DescriptorProto>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_name(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions& options(const DescriptorProto* msg);
+  static void set_has_options(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions&
+DescriptorProto::_Internal::options(const DescriptorProto* msg) {
+  return *msg->options_;
+}
+void DescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* options) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.options)
+}
+DescriptorProto::DescriptorProto()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+}
+DescriptorProto::DescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  field_(arena),
+  nested_type_(arena),
+  enum_type_(arena),
+  extension_range_(arena),
+  extension_(arena),
+  oneof_decl_(arena),
+  reserved_range_(arena),
+  reserved_name_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+}
+DescriptorProto::DescriptorProto(const DescriptorProto& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      field_(from.field_),
+      nested_type_(from.nested_type_),
+      enum_type_(from.enum_type_),
+      extension_range_(from.extension_range_),
+      extension_(from.extension_),
+      oneof_decl_(from.oneof_decl_),
+      reserved_range_(from.reserved_range_),
+      reserved_name_(from.reserved_name_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_name()) {
+    name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  if (from._internal_has_options()) {
+    options_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions(*from.options_);
+  } else {
+    options_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_DescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  options_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+DescriptorProto::~DescriptorProto() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete options_;
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  DescriptorProto* _this = reinterpret_cast< DescriptorProto* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void DescriptorProto::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void DescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const DescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_DescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void DescriptorProto::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  field_.Clear();
+  nested_type_.Clear();
+  enum_type_.Clear();
+  extension_range_.Clear();
+  extension_.Clear();
+  oneof_decl_.Clear();
+  reserved_range_.Clear();
+  reserved_name_.Clear();
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      name_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(options_ != nullptr);
+      options_->Clear();
+    }
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* DescriptorProto::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_field(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<18>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_nested_type(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<26>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 34)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_enum_type(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<34>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;
+      case 5:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 42)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_extension_range(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<42>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;
+      case 6:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 50)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_extension(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<50>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.MessageOptions options = 7;
+      case 7:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 58)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_options(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto oneof_decl = 8;
+      case 8:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 66)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_oneof_decl(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<66>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
+      case 9:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 74)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_reserved_range(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<74>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated string reserved_name = 10;
+      case 10:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 82)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            auto str = _internal_add_reserved_name();
+            ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+            #ifndef NDEBUG
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name");
+            #endif  // !NDEBUG
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<82>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* DescriptorProto::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_field_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(2, this->_internal_field(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_nested_type_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(3, this->_internal_nested_type(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_enum_type_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(4, this->_internal_enum_type(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_extension_range_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(5, this->_internal_extension_range(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_extension_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(6, this->_internal_extension(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.MessageOptions options = 7;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        7, _Internal::options(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto oneof_decl = 8;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_oneof_decl_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(8, this->_internal_oneof_decl(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_reserved_range_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(9, this->_internal_reserved_range(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated string reserved_name = 10;
+  for (int i = 0, n = this->_internal_reserved_name_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    const auto& s = this->_internal_reserved_name(i);
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      s.data(), static_cast<int>(s.length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name");
+    target = stream->WriteString(10, s, target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t DescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_field_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->field_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_nested_type_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->nested_type_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_enum_type_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->enum_type_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_extension_range_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->extension_range_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_extension_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->extension_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto oneof_decl = 8;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_oneof_decl_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->oneof_decl_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_reserved_range_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->reserved_range_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated string reserved_name = 10;
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FromIntSize(reserved_name_.size());
+  for (int i = 0, n = reserved_name_.size(); i < n; i++) {
+    total_size += ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+      reserved_name_.Get(i));
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    // optional string name = 1;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_name());
+    }
+
+    // optional .google.protobuf.MessageOptions options = 7;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+          *options_);
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const DescriptorProto* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<DescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  field_.MergeFrom(from.field_);
+  nested_type_.MergeFrom(from.nested_type_);
+  enum_type_.MergeFrom(from.enum_type_);
+  extension_range_.MergeFrom(from.extension_range_);
+  extension_.MergeFrom(from.extension_);
+  oneof_decl_.MergeFrom(from.oneof_decl_);
+  reserved_range_.MergeFrom(from.reserved_range_);
+  reserved_name_.MergeFrom(from.reserved_name_);
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _internal_set_name(from._internal_name());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      _internal_mutable_options()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions::MergeFrom(from._internal_options());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const DescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool DescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(field_)) return false;
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(nested_type_)) return false;
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(enum_type_)) return false;
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(extension_range_)) return false;
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(extension_)) return false;
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(oneof_decl_)) return false;
+  if (_internal_has_options()) {
+    if (!options_->IsInitialized()) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto::InternalSwap(DescriptorProto* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  field_.InternalSwap(&other->field_);
+  nested_type_.InternalSwap(&other->nested_type_);
+  enum_type_.InternalSwap(&other->enum_type_);
+  extension_range_.InternalSwap(&other->extension_range_);
+  extension_.InternalSwap(&other->extension_);
+  oneof_decl_.InternalSwap(&other->oneof_decl_);
+  reserved_range_.InternalSwap(&other->reserved_range_);
+  reserved_name_.InternalSwap(&other->reserved_name_);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(options_, other->options_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata DescriptorProto::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ExtensionRangeOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class ExtensionRangeOptions::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<ExtensionRangeOptions>()._has_bits_);
+};
+
+ExtensionRangeOptions::ExtensionRangeOptions()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+}
+ExtensionRangeOptions::ExtensionRangeOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _extensions_(arena),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  uninterpreted_option_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+}
+ExtensionRangeOptions::ExtensionRangeOptions(const ExtensionRangeOptions& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      uninterpreted_option_(from.uninterpreted_option_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+}
+
+void ExtensionRangeOptions::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_ExtensionRangeOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+}
+
+ExtensionRangeOptions::~ExtensionRangeOptions() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void ExtensionRangeOptions::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void ExtensionRangeOptions::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  ExtensionRangeOptions* _this = reinterpret_cast< ExtensionRangeOptions* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void ExtensionRangeOptions::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void ExtensionRangeOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const ExtensionRangeOptions& ExtensionRangeOptions::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_ExtensionRangeOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void ExtensionRangeOptions::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  _extensions_.Clear();
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* ExtensionRangeOptions::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+      case 999:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 58)) {
+          ptr -= 2;
+          do {
+            ptr += 2;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_uninterpreted_option(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<7994>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+      if ((8000u <= tag)) {
+        ptr = _extensions_.ParseField(tag, ptr,
+            internal_default_instance(), &_internal_metadata_, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* ExtensionRangeOptions::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(999, this->_internal_uninterpreted_option(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // Extension range [1000, 536870912)
+  target = _extensions_._InternalSerialize(
+      1000, 536870912, target, stream);
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t ExtensionRangeOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  total_size += 2UL * this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->uninterpreted_option_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void ExtensionRangeOptions::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const ExtensionRangeOptions* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<ExtensionRangeOptions>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void ExtensionRangeOptions::MergeFrom(const ExtensionRangeOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
+}
+
+void ExtensionRangeOptions::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void ExtensionRangeOptions::CopyFrom(const ExtensionRangeOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool ExtensionRangeOptions::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(uninterpreted_option_)) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ExtensionRangeOptions::InternalSwap(ExtensionRangeOptions* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _extensions_.Swap(&other->_extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  uninterpreted_option_.InternalSwap(&other->uninterpreted_option_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata ExtensionRangeOptions::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void FieldDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_FieldDescriptorProto_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->options_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class FieldDescriptorProto::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<FieldDescriptorProto>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_name(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_number(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 64u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_label(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 256u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_type(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 512u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_type_name(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 4u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_extendee(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_default_value(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 8u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_oneof_index(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 128u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_json_name(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 16u;
+  }
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions& options(const FieldDescriptorProto* msg);
+  static void set_has_options(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 32u;
+  }
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions&
+FieldDescriptorProto::_Internal::options(const FieldDescriptorProto* msg) {
+  return *msg->options_;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* options) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+FieldDescriptorProto::FieldDescriptorProto()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+}
+FieldDescriptorProto::FieldDescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+}
+FieldDescriptorProto::FieldDescriptorProto(const FieldDescriptorProto& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_name()) {
+    name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  extendee_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_extendee()) {
+    extendee_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_extendee(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  type_name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_type_name()) {
+    type_name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_type_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  default_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_default_value()) {
+    default_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_default_value(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  json_name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_json_name()) {
+    json_name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_json_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  if (from._internal_has_options()) {
+    options_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions(*from.options_);
+  } else {
+    options_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  ::memcpy(&number_, &from.number_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&type_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&number_)) + sizeof(type_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_FieldDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  extendee_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  type_name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  default_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  json_name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&options_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&oneof_index_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&options_)) + sizeof(oneof_index_));
+  label_ = 1;
+  type_ = 1;
+}
+
+FieldDescriptorProto::~FieldDescriptorProto() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  extendee_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  type_name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  default_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  json_name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete options_;
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptorProto::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  FieldDescriptorProto* _this = reinterpret_cast< FieldDescriptorProto* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const FieldDescriptorProto& FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_FieldDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void FieldDescriptorProto::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000003fu) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      name_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      extendee_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      type_name_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      default_value_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      json_name_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(options_ != nullptr);
+      options_->Clear();
+    }
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x000000c0u) {
+    ::memset(&number_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&oneof_index_) -
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&number_)) + sizeof(oneof_index_));
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000300u) {
+    label_ = 1;
+    type_ = 1;
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* FieldDescriptorProto::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string extendee = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_extendee();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional int32 number = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 24)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_number(&has_bits);
+          number_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Label label = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 32)) {
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 val = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label_IsValid(val))) {
+            _internal_set_label(static_cast<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label>(val));
+          } else {
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WriteVarint(4, val, mutable_unknown_fields());
+          }
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Type type = 5;
+      case 5:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 40)) {
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 val = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type_IsValid(val))) {
+            _internal_set_type(static_cast<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type>(val));
+          } else {
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WriteVarint(5, val, mutable_unknown_fields());
+          }
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string type_name = 6;
+      case 6:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 50)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_type_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string default_value = 7;
+      case 7:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 58)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_default_value();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions options = 8;
+      case 8:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 66)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_options(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional int32 oneof_index = 9;
+      case 9:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 72)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_oneof_index(&has_bits);
+          oneof_index_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string json_name = 10;
+      case 10:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 82)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_json_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* FieldDescriptorProto::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string extendee = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_extendee().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_extendee().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        2, this->_internal_extendee(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 number = 3;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000040u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(3, this->_internal_number(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Label label = 4;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000100u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      4, this->_internal_label(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Type type = 5;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000200u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      5, this->_internal_type(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string type_name = 6;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_type_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_type_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        6, this->_internal_type_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string default_value = 7;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_default_value().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_default_value().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        7, this->_internal_default_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions options = 8;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        8, _Internal::options(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 oneof_index = 9;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000080u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(9, this->_internal_oneof_index(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string json_name = 10;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_json_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_json_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        10, this->_internal_json_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t FieldDescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x000000ffu) {
+    // optional string name = 1;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_name());
+    }
+
+    // optional string extendee = 2;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_extendee());
+    }
+
+    // optional string type_name = 6;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_type_name());
+    }
+
+    // optional string default_value = 7;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_default_value());
+    }
+
+    // optional string json_name = 10;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_json_name());
+    }
+
+    // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions options = 8;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+          *options_);
+    }
+
+    // optional int32 number = 3;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000040u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->_internal_number());
+    }
+
+    // optional int32 oneof_index = 9;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000080u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->_internal_oneof_index());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000300u) {
+    // optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Label label = 4;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000100u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->_internal_label());
+    }
+
+    // optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Type type = 5;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000200u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->_internal_type());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<FieldDescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const FieldDescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x000000ffu) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _internal_set_name(from._internal_name());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      _internal_set_extendee(from._internal_extendee());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      _internal_set_type_name(from._internal_type_name());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      _internal_set_default_value(from._internal_default_value());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      _internal_set_json_name(from._internal_json_name());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+      _internal_mutable_options()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions::MergeFrom(from._internal_options());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000040u) {
+      number_ = from.number_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000080u) {
+      oneof_index_ = from.oneof_index_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000300u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000100u) {
+      label_ = from.label_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000200u) {
+      type_ = from.type_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const FieldDescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool FieldDescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (_internal_has_options()) {
+    if (!options_->IsInitialized()) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptorProto::InternalSwap(FieldDescriptorProto* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  extendee_.Swap(&other->extendee_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  type_name_.Swap(&other->type_name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  default_value_.Swap(&other->default_value_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  json_name_.Swap(&other->json_name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(options_, other->options_);
+  swap(number_, other->number_);
+  swap(oneof_index_, other->oneof_index_);
+  swap(label_, other->label_);
+  swap(type_, other->type_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata FieldDescriptorProto::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void OneofDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_OneofDescriptorProto_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->options_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class OneofDescriptorProto::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<OneofDescriptorProto>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_name(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions& options(const OneofDescriptorProto* msg);
+  static void set_has_options(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions&
+OneofDescriptorProto::_Internal::options(const OneofDescriptorProto* msg) {
+  return *msg->options_;
+}
+void OneofDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* options) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+OneofDescriptorProto::OneofDescriptorProto()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+}
+OneofDescriptorProto::OneofDescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+}
+OneofDescriptorProto::OneofDescriptorProto(const OneofDescriptorProto& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_name()) {
+    name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  if (from._internal_has_options()) {
+    options_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions(*from.options_);
+  } else {
+    options_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+}
+
+void OneofDescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_OneofDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  options_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+OneofDescriptorProto::~OneofDescriptorProto() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void OneofDescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete options_;
+}
+
+void OneofDescriptorProto::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  OneofDescriptorProto* _this = reinterpret_cast< OneofDescriptorProto* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void OneofDescriptorProto::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void OneofDescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const OneofDescriptorProto& OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_OneofDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void OneofDescriptorProto::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      name_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(options_ != nullptr);
+      options_->Clear();
+    }
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* OneofDescriptorProto::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.OneofOptions options = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_options(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* OneofDescriptorProto::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.OneofOptions options = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        2, _Internal::options(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t OneofDescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    // optional string name = 1;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_name());
+    }
+
+    // optional .google.protobuf.OneofOptions options = 2;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+          *options_);
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void OneofDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const OneofDescriptorProto* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<OneofDescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void OneofDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const OneofDescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _internal_set_name(from._internal_name());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      _internal_mutable_options()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions::MergeFrom(from._internal_options());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void OneofDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void OneofDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const OneofDescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool OneofDescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (_internal_has_options()) {
+    if (!options_->IsInitialized()) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void OneofDescriptorProto::InternalSwap(OneofDescriptorProto* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(options_, other->options_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata OneofDescriptorProto::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_start(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_end(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+};
+
+EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+}
+EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+}
+EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange(const EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::memcpy(&start_, &from.start_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&start_)) + sizeof(end_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::SharedCtor() {
+  ::memset(&start_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&start_)) + sizeof(end_));
+}
+
+EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::~EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* _this = reinterpret_cast< EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    ::memset(&start_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&start_)) + sizeof(end_));
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional int32 start = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_start(&has_bits);
+          start_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional int32 end = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_end(&has_bits);
+          end_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional int32 start = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(1, this->_internal_start(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 end = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(2, this->_internal_end(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    // optional int32 start = 1;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->_internal_start());
+    }
+
+    // optional int32 end = 2;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->_internal_end());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::MergeFrom(const EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      start_ = from.start_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      end_ = from.end_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::CopyFrom(const EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::InternalSwap(EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  swap(start_, other->start_);
+  swap(end_, other->end_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_EnumDescriptorProto_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->options_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class EnumDescriptorProto::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<EnumDescriptorProto>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_name(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions& options(const EnumDescriptorProto* msg);
+  static void set_has_options(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions&
+EnumDescriptorProto::_Internal::options(const EnumDescriptorProto* msg) {
+  return *msg->options_;
+}
+void EnumDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* options) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+EnumDescriptorProto::EnumDescriptorProto()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+}
+EnumDescriptorProto::EnumDescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  value_(arena),
+  reserved_range_(arena),
+  reserved_name_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+}
+EnumDescriptorProto::EnumDescriptorProto(const EnumDescriptorProto& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      value_(from.value_),
+      reserved_range_(from.reserved_range_),
+      reserved_name_(from.reserved_name_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_name()) {
+    name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  if (from._internal_has_options()) {
+    options_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions(*from.options_);
+  } else {
+    options_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_EnumDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  options_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+EnumDescriptorProto::~EnumDescriptorProto() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete options_;
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  EnumDescriptorProto* _this = reinterpret_cast< EnumDescriptorProto* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void EnumDescriptorProto::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void EnumDescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const EnumDescriptorProto& EnumDescriptorProto::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_EnumDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  value_.Clear();
+  reserved_range_.Clear();
+  reserved_name_.Clear();
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      name_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(options_ != nullptr);
+      options_->Clear();
+    }
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* EnumDescriptorProto::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_value(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<18>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.EnumOptions options = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_options(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange reserved_range = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 34)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_reserved_range(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<34>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated string reserved_name = 5;
+      case 5:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 42)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            auto str = _internal_add_reserved_name();
+            ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+            #ifndef NDEBUG
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name");
+            #endif  // !NDEBUG
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<42>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* EnumDescriptorProto::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_value_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(2, this->_internal_value(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.EnumOptions options = 3;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        3, _Internal::options(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange reserved_range = 4;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_reserved_range_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(4, this->_internal_reserved_range(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated string reserved_name = 5;
+  for (int i = 0, n = this->_internal_reserved_name_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    const auto& s = this->_internal_reserved_name(i);
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      s.data(), static_cast<int>(s.length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name");
+    target = stream->WriteString(5, s, target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t EnumDescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_value_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->value_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange reserved_range = 4;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_reserved_range_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->reserved_range_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated string reserved_name = 5;
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FromIntSize(reserved_name_.size());
+  for (int i = 0, n = reserved_name_.size(); i < n; i++) {
+    total_size += ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+      reserved_name_.Get(i));
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    // optional string name = 1;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_name());
+    }
+
+    // optional .google.protobuf.EnumOptions options = 3;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+          *options_);
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const EnumDescriptorProto* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<EnumDescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const EnumDescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  value_.MergeFrom(from.value_);
+  reserved_range_.MergeFrom(from.reserved_range_);
+  reserved_name_.MergeFrom(from.reserved_name_);
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _internal_set_name(from._internal_name());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      _internal_mutable_options()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions::MergeFrom(from._internal_options());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const EnumDescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool EnumDescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(value_)) return false;
+  if (_internal_has_options()) {
+    if (!options_->IsInitialized()) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto::InternalSwap(EnumDescriptorProto* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  value_.InternalSwap(&other->value_);
+  reserved_range_.InternalSwap(&other->reserved_range_);
+  reserved_name_.InternalSwap(&other->reserved_name_);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(options_, other->options_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata EnumDescriptorProto::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_EnumValueDescriptorProto_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->options_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class EnumValueDescriptorProto::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<EnumValueDescriptorProto>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_name(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_number(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 4u;
+  }
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions& options(const EnumValueDescriptorProto* msg);
+  static void set_has_options(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions&
+EnumValueDescriptorProto::_Internal::options(const EnumValueDescriptorProto* msg) {
+  return *msg->options_;
+}
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* options) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+EnumValueDescriptorProto::EnumValueDescriptorProto()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+}
+EnumValueDescriptorProto::EnumValueDescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+}
+EnumValueDescriptorProto::EnumValueDescriptorProto(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_name()) {
+    name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  if (from._internal_has_options()) {
+    options_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions(*from.options_);
+  } else {
+    options_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  number_ = from.number_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+}
+
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_EnumValueDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&options_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&number_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&options_)) + sizeof(number_));
+}
+
+EnumValueDescriptorProto::~EnumValueDescriptorProto() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete options_;
+}
+
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  EnumValueDescriptorProto* _this = reinterpret_cast< EnumValueDescriptorProto* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const EnumValueDescriptorProto& EnumValueDescriptorProto::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_EnumValueDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      name_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(options_ != nullptr);
+      options_->Clear();
+    }
+  }
+  number_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* EnumValueDescriptorProto::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional int32 number = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_number(&has_bits);
+          number_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions options = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_options(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* EnumValueDescriptorProto::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 number = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(2, this->_internal_number(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions options = 3;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        3, _Internal::options(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t EnumValueDescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000007u) {
+    // optional string name = 1;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_name());
+    }
+
+    // optional .google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions options = 3;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+          *options_);
+    }
+
+    // optional int32 number = 2;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->_internal_number());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const EnumValueDescriptorProto* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<EnumValueDescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000007u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _internal_set_name(from._internal_name());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      _internal_mutable_options()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions::MergeFrom(from._internal_options());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      number_ = from.number_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool EnumValueDescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (_internal_has_options()) {
+    if (!options_->IsInitialized()) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::InternalSwap(EnumValueDescriptorProto* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(options_, other->options_);
+  swap(number_, other->number_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata EnumValueDescriptorProto::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_ServiceDescriptorProto_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->options_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class ServiceDescriptorProto::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<ServiceDescriptorProto>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_name(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions& options(const ServiceDescriptorProto* msg);
+  static void set_has_options(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions&
+ServiceDescriptorProto::_Internal::options(const ServiceDescriptorProto* msg) {
+  return *msg->options_;
+}
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* options) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+ServiceDescriptorProto::ServiceDescriptorProto()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+}
+ServiceDescriptorProto::ServiceDescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  method_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+}
+ServiceDescriptorProto::ServiceDescriptorProto(const ServiceDescriptorProto& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      method_(from.method_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_name()) {
+    name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  if (from._internal_has_options()) {
+    options_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions(*from.options_);
+  } else {
+    options_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+}
+
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_ServiceDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  options_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+ServiceDescriptorProto::~ServiceDescriptorProto() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete options_;
+}
+
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  ServiceDescriptorProto* _this = reinterpret_cast< ServiceDescriptorProto* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const ServiceDescriptorProto& ServiceDescriptorProto::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_ServiceDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  method_.Clear();
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      name_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(options_ != nullptr);
+      options_->Clear();
+    }
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* ServiceDescriptorProto::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_method(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<18>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.ServiceOptions options = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_options(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* ServiceDescriptorProto::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_method_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(2, this->_internal_method(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.ServiceOptions options = 3;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        3, _Internal::options(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t ServiceDescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_method_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->method_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    // optional string name = 1;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_name());
+    }
+
+    // optional .google.protobuf.ServiceOptions options = 3;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+          *options_);
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const ServiceDescriptorProto* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<ServiceDescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ServiceDescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  method_.MergeFrom(from.method_);
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _internal_set_name(from._internal_name());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      _internal_mutable_options()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions::MergeFrom(from._internal_options());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const ServiceDescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool ServiceDescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(method_)) return false;
+  if (_internal_has_options()) {
+    if (!options_->IsInitialized()) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::InternalSwap(ServiceDescriptorProto* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  method_.InternalSwap(&other->method_);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(options_, other->options_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata ServiceDescriptorProto::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void MethodDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_MethodDescriptorProto_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->options_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class MethodDescriptorProto::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<MethodDescriptorProto>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_name(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_input_type(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_output_type(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 4u;
+  }
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions& options(const MethodDescriptorProto* msg);
+  static void set_has_options(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 8u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_client_streaming(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 16u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_server_streaming(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 32u;
+  }
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions&
+MethodDescriptorProto::_Internal::options(const MethodDescriptorProto* msg) {
+  return *msg->options_;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* options) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+MethodDescriptorProto::MethodDescriptorProto()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+}
+MethodDescriptorProto::MethodDescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+}
+MethodDescriptorProto::MethodDescriptorProto(const MethodDescriptorProto& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_name()) {
+    name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  input_type_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_input_type()) {
+    input_type_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_input_type(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  output_type_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_output_type()) {
+    output_type_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_output_type(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  if (from._internal_has_options()) {
+    options_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions(*from.options_);
+  } else {
+    options_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  ::memcpy(&client_streaming_, &from.client_streaming_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&server_streaming_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&client_streaming_)) + sizeof(server_streaming_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+}
+
+void MethodDescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_MethodDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  input_type_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  output_type_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&options_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&server_streaming_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&options_)) + sizeof(server_streaming_));
+}
+
+MethodDescriptorProto::~MethodDescriptorProto() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void MethodDescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  input_type_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  output_type_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete options_;
+}
+
+void MethodDescriptorProto::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  MethodDescriptorProto* _this = reinterpret_cast< MethodDescriptorProto* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const MethodDescriptorProto& MethodDescriptorProto::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_MethodDescriptorProto_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void MethodDescriptorProto::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000000fu) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      name_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      input_type_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      output_type_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(options_ != nullptr);
+      options_->Clear();
+    }
+  }
+  ::memset(&client_streaming_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&server_streaming_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&client_streaming_)) + sizeof(server_streaming_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* MethodDescriptorProto::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string input_type = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_input_type();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string output_type = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_output_type();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions options = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 34)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_options(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool client_streaming = 5 [default = false];
+      case 5:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 40)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_client_streaming(&has_bits);
+          client_streaming_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool server_streaming = 6 [default = false];
+      case 6:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 48)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_server_streaming(&has_bits);
+          server_streaming_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* MethodDescriptorProto::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string input_type = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_input_type().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_input_type().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        2, this->_internal_input_type(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string output_type = 3;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_output_type().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_output_type().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        3, this->_internal_output_type(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions options = 4;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        4, _Internal::options(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool client_streaming = 5 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(5, this->_internal_client_streaming(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool server_streaming = 6 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(6, this->_internal_server_streaming(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t MethodDescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000003fu) {
+    // optional string name = 1;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_name());
+    }
+
+    // optional string input_type = 2;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_input_type());
+    }
+
+    // optional string output_type = 3;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_output_type());
+    }
+
+    // optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions options = 4;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+          *options_);
+    }
+
+    // optional bool client_streaming = 5 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool server_streaming = 6 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void MethodDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const MethodDescriptorProto* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<MethodDescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void MethodDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const MethodDescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000003fu) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _internal_set_name(from._internal_name());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      _internal_set_input_type(from._internal_input_type());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      _internal_set_output_type(from._internal_output_type());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      _internal_mutable_options()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions::MergeFrom(from._internal_options());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      client_streaming_ = from.client_streaming_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+      server_streaming_ = from.server_streaming_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void MethodDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void MethodDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const MethodDescriptorProto& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool MethodDescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (_internal_has_options()) {
+    if (!options_->IsInitialized()) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void MethodDescriptorProto::InternalSwap(MethodDescriptorProto* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  input_type_.Swap(&other->input_type_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  output_type_.Swap(&other->output_type_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(options_, other->options_);
+  swap(client_streaming_, other->client_streaming_);
+  swap(server_streaming_, other->server_streaming_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata MethodDescriptorProto::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void FileOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class FileOptions::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<FileOptions>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_java_package(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_java_outer_classname(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_java_multiple_files(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1024u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2048u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_java_string_check_utf8(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 4096u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_optimize_for(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 524288u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_go_package(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 4u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_cc_generic_services(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 8192u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_java_generic_services(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 16384u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_py_generic_services(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 32768u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_php_generic_services(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 65536u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_deprecated(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 131072u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_cc_enable_arenas(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 262144u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_objc_class_prefix(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 8u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_csharp_namespace(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 16u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_swift_prefix(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 32u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_php_class_prefix(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 64u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_php_namespace(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 128u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_php_metadata_namespace(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 256u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_ruby_package(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 512u;
+  }
+};
+
+FileOptions::FileOptions()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+}
+FileOptions::FileOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _extensions_(arena),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  uninterpreted_option_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+}
+FileOptions::FileOptions(const FileOptions& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      uninterpreted_option_(from.uninterpreted_option_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  java_package_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_java_package()) {
+    java_package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_java_package(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  java_outer_classname_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_java_outer_classname()) {
+    java_outer_classname_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_java_outer_classname(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  go_package_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_go_package()) {
+    go_package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_go_package(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  objc_class_prefix_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_objc_class_prefix()) {
+    objc_class_prefix_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_objc_class_prefix(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  csharp_namespace_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_csharp_namespace()) {
+    csharp_namespace_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_csharp_namespace(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  swift_prefix_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_swift_prefix()) {
+    swift_prefix_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_swift_prefix(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  php_class_prefix_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_php_class_prefix()) {
+    php_class_prefix_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_php_class_prefix(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  php_namespace_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_php_namespace()) {
+    php_namespace_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_php_namespace(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  php_metadata_namespace_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_php_metadata_namespace()) {
+    php_metadata_namespace_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_php_metadata_namespace(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  ruby_package_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_ruby_package()) {
+    ruby_package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_ruby_package(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  ::memcpy(&java_multiple_files_, &from.java_multiple_files_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&optimize_for_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&java_multiple_files_)) + sizeof(optimize_for_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+}
+
+void FileOptions::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_FileOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  java_package_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  java_outer_classname_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  go_package_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  objc_class_prefix_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  csharp_namespace_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  swift_prefix_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  php_class_prefix_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  php_namespace_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  php_metadata_namespace_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ruby_package_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&java_multiple_files_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&cc_enable_arenas_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&java_multiple_files_)) + sizeof(cc_enable_arenas_));
+  optimize_for_ = 1;
+}
+
+FileOptions::~FileOptions() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void FileOptions::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  java_package_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  java_outer_classname_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  go_package_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  objc_class_prefix_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  csharp_namespace_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  swift_prefix_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  php_class_prefix_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  php_namespace_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  php_metadata_namespace_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ruby_package_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void FileOptions::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  FileOptions* _this = reinterpret_cast< FileOptions* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void FileOptions::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void FileOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const FileOptions& FileOptions::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_FileOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void FileOptions::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  _extensions_.Clear();
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x000000ffu) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      java_package_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      java_outer_classname_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      go_package_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      objc_class_prefix_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      csharp_namespace_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+      swift_prefix_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000040u) {
+      php_class_prefix_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000080u) {
+      php_namespace_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000300u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000100u) {
+      php_metadata_namespace_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000200u) {
+      ruby_package_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000fc00u) {
+    ::memset(&java_multiple_files_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&py_generic_services_) -
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&java_multiple_files_)) + sizeof(py_generic_services_));
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x000f0000u) {
+    ::memset(&php_generic_services_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&cc_enable_arenas_) -
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&php_generic_services_)) + sizeof(cc_enable_arenas_));
+    optimize_for_ = 1;
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* FileOptions::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional string java_package = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_java_package();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string java_outer_classname = 8;
+      case 8:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 66)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_java_outer_classname();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default = SPEED];
+      case 9:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 72)) {
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 val = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode_IsValid(val))) {
+            _internal_set_optimize_for(static_cast<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode>(val));
+          } else {
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WriteVarint(9, val, mutable_unknown_fields());
+          }
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default = false];
+      case 10:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 80)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_java_multiple_files(&has_bits);
+          java_multiple_files_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string go_package = 11;
+      case 11:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 90)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_go_package();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default = false];
+      case 16:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 128)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_cc_generic_services(&has_bits);
+          cc_generic_services_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];
+      case 17:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 136)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_java_generic_services(&has_bits);
+          java_generic_services_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default = false];
+      case 18:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 144)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_py_generic_services(&has_bits);
+          py_generic_services_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [deprecated = true];
+      case 20:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 160)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash(&has_bits);
+          java_generate_equals_and_hash_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];
+      case 23:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 184)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_deprecated(&has_bits);
+          deprecated_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];
+      case 27:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 216)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_java_string_check_utf8(&has_bits);
+          java_string_check_utf8_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool cc_enable_arenas = 31 [default = false];
+      case 31:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 248)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_cc_enable_arenas(&has_bits);
+          cc_enable_arenas_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
+      case 36:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 34)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_objc_class_prefix();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
+      case 37:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 42)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_csharp_namespace();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string swift_prefix = 39;
+      case 39:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 58)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_swift_prefix();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FileOptions.swift_prefix");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string php_class_prefix = 40;
+      case 40:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 66)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_php_class_prefix();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_class_prefix");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string php_namespace = 41;
+      case 41:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 74)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_php_namespace();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_namespace");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool php_generic_services = 42 [default = false];
+      case 42:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 80)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_php_generic_services(&has_bits);
+          php_generic_services_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string php_metadata_namespace = 44;
+      case 44:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 98)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_php_metadata_namespace();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_metadata_namespace");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string ruby_package = 45;
+      case 45:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 106)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_ruby_package();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FileOptions.ruby_package");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+      case 999:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 58)) {
+          ptr -= 2;
+          do {
+            ptr += 2;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_uninterpreted_option(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<7994>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+      if ((8000u <= tag)) {
+        ptr = _extensions_.ParseField(tag, ptr,
+            internal_default_instance(), &_internal_metadata_, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* FileOptions::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string java_package = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_java_package().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_java_package().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_java_package(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string java_outer_classname = 8;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_java_outer_classname().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_java_outer_classname().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        8, this->_internal_java_outer_classname(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default = SPEED];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00080000u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      9, this->_internal_optimize_for(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000400u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(10, this->_internal_java_multiple_files(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string go_package = 11;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_go_package().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_go_package().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        11, this->_internal_go_package(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00002000u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(16, this->_internal_cc_generic_services(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00004000u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(17, this->_internal_java_generic_services(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00008000u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(18, this->_internal_py_generic_services(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [deprecated = true];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000800u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(20, this->_internal_java_generate_equals_and_hash(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00020000u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(23, this->_internal_deprecated(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00001000u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(27, this->_internal_java_string_check_utf8(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool cc_enable_arenas = 31 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00040000u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(31, this->_internal_cc_enable_arenas(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_objc_class_prefix().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_objc_class_prefix().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        36, this->_internal_objc_class_prefix(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_csharp_namespace().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_csharp_namespace().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        37, this->_internal_csharp_namespace(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string swift_prefix = 39;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_swift_prefix().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_swift_prefix().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileOptions.swift_prefix");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        39, this->_internal_swift_prefix(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string php_class_prefix = 40;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000040u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_php_class_prefix().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_php_class_prefix().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_class_prefix");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        40, this->_internal_php_class_prefix(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string php_namespace = 41;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000080u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_php_namespace().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_php_namespace().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_namespace");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        41, this->_internal_php_namespace(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool php_generic_services = 42 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00010000u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(42, this->_internal_php_generic_services(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string php_metadata_namespace = 44;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000100u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_php_metadata_namespace().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_php_metadata_namespace().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_metadata_namespace");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        44, this->_internal_php_metadata_namespace(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string ruby_package = 45;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000200u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_ruby_package().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_ruby_package().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileOptions.ruby_package");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        45, this->_internal_ruby_package(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(999, this->_internal_uninterpreted_option(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // Extension range [1000, 536870912)
+  target = _extensions_._InternalSerialize(
+      1000, 536870912, target, stream);
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t FileOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  total_size += 2UL * this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->uninterpreted_option_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x000000ffu) {
+    // optional string java_package = 1;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_java_package());
+    }
+
+    // optional string java_outer_classname = 8;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_java_outer_classname());
+    }
+
+    // optional string go_package = 11;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_go_package());
+    }
+
+    // optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      total_size += 2 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_objc_class_prefix());
+    }
+
+    // optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      total_size += 2 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_csharp_namespace());
+    }
+
+    // optional string swift_prefix = 39;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+      total_size += 2 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_swift_prefix());
+    }
+
+    // optional string php_class_prefix = 40;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000040u) {
+      total_size += 2 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_php_class_prefix());
+    }
+
+    // optional string php_namespace = 41;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000080u) {
+      total_size += 2 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_php_namespace());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000ff00u) {
+    // optional string php_metadata_namespace = 44;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000100u) {
+      total_size += 2 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_php_metadata_namespace());
+    }
+
+    // optional string ruby_package = 45;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000200u) {
+      total_size += 2 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_ruby_package());
+    }
+
+    // optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000400u) {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [deprecated = true];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000800u) {
+      total_size += 2 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00001000u) {
+      total_size += 2 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00002000u) {
+      total_size += 2 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00004000u) {
+      total_size += 2 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00008000u) {
+      total_size += 2 + 1;
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x000f0000u) {
+    // optional bool php_generic_services = 42 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00010000u) {
+      total_size += 2 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00020000u) {
+      total_size += 2 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool cc_enable_arenas = 31 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00040000u) {
+      total_size += 2 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default = SPEED];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00080000u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->_internal_optimize_for());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void FileOptions::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const FileOptions* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<FileOptions>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void FileOptions::MergeFrom(const FileOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x000000ffu) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _internal_set_java_package(from._internal_java_package());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      _internal_set_java_outer_classname(from._internal_java_outer_classname());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      _internal_set_go_package(from._internal_go_package());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      _internal_set_objc_class_prefix(from._internal_objc_class_prefix());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      _internal_set_csharp_namespace(from._internal_csharp_namespace());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+      _internal_set_swift_prefix(from._internal_swift_prefix());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000040u) {
+      _internal_set_php_class_prefix(from._internal_php_class_prefix());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000080u) {
+      _internal_set_php_namespace(from._internal_php_namespace());
+    }
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000ff00u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000100u) {
+      _internal_set_php_metadata_namespace(from._internal_php_metadata_namespace());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000200u) {
+      _internal_set_ruby_package(from._internal_ruby_package());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000400u) {
+      java_multiple_files_ = from.java_multiple_files_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000800u) {
+      java_generate_equals_and_hash_ = from.java_generate_equals_and_hash_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00001000u) {
+      java_string_check_utf8_ = from.java_string_check_utf8_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00002000u) {
+      cc_generic_services_ = from.cc_generic_services_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00004000u) {
+      java_generic_services_ = from.java_generic_services_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00008000u) {
+      py_generic_services_ = from.py_generic_services_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x000f0000u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00010000u) {
+      php_generic_services_ = from.php_generic_services_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00020000u) {
+      deprecated_ = from.deprecated_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00040000u) {
+      cc_enable_arenas_ = from.cc_enable_arenas_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00080000u) {
+      optimize_for_ = from.optimize_for_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void FileOptions::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void FileOptions::CopyFrom(const FileOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool FileOptions::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(uninterpreted_option_)) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void FileOptions::InternalSwap(FileOptions* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _extensions_.Swap(&other->_extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  uninterpreted_option_.InternalSwap(&other->uninterpreted_option_);
+  java_package_.Swap(&other->java_package_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  java_outer_classname_.Swap(&other->java_outer_classname_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  go_package_.Swap(&other->go_package_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  objc_class_prefix_.Swap(&other->objc_class_prefix_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  csharp_namespace_.Swap(&other->csharp_namespace_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swift_prefix_.Swap(&other->swift_prefix_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  php_class_prefix_.Swap(&other->php_class_prefix_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  php_namespace_.Swap(&other->php_namespace_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  php_metadata_namespace_.Swap(&other->php_metadata_namespace_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  ruby_package_.Swap(&other->ruby_package_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(java_multiple_files_, other->java_multiple_files_);
+  swap(java_generate_equals_and_hash_, other->java_generate_equals_and_hash_);
+  swap(java_string_check_utf8_, other->java_string_check_utf8_);
+  swap(cc_generic_services_, other->cc_generic_services_);
+  swap(java_generic_services_, other->java_generic_services_);
+  swap(py_generic_services_, other->py_generic_services_);
+  swap(php_generic_services_, other->php_generic_services_);
+  swap(deprecated_, other->deprecated_);
+  swap(cc_enable_arenas_, other->cc_enable_arenas_);
+  swap(optimize_for_, other->optimize_for_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata FileOptions::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void MessageOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class MessageOptions::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<MessageOptions>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_message_set_wire_format(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_deprecated(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 4u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_map_entry(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 8u;
+  }
+};
+
+MessageOptions::MessageOptions()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+}
+MessageOptions::MessageOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _extensions_(arena),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  uninterpreted_option_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+}
+MessageOptions::MessageOptions(const MessageOptions& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      uninterpreted_option_(from.uninterpreted_option_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  ::memcpy(&message_set_wire_format_, &from.message_set_wire_format_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&map_entry_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&message_set_wire_format_)) + sizeof(map_entry_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+}
+
+void MessageOptions::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_MessageOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  ::memset(&message_set_wire_format_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&map_entry_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&message_set_wire_format_)) + sizeof(map_entry_));
+}
+
+MessageOptions::~MessageOptions() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void MessageOptions::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void MessageOptions::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  MessageOptions* _this = reinterpret_cast< MessageOptions* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void MessageOptions::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void MessageOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const MessageOptions& MessageOptions::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_MessageOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void MessageOptions::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  _extensions_.Clear();
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+  ::memset(&message_set_wire_format_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&map_entry_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&message_set_wire_format_)) + sizeof(map_entry_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* MessageOptions::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default = false];
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_message_set_wire_format(&has_bits);
+          message_set_wire_format_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor = 2 [default = false];
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(&has_bits);
+          no_standard_descriptor_accessor_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 24)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_deprecated(&has_bits);
+          deprecated_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool map_entry = 7;
+      case 7:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 56)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_map_entry(&has_bits);
+          map_entry_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+      case 999:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 58)) {
+          ptr -= 2;
+          do {
+            ptr += 2;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_uninterpreted_option(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<7994>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+      if ((8000u <= tag)) {
+        ptr = _extensions_.ParseField(tag, ptr,
+            internal_default_instance(), &_internal_metadata_, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* MessageOptions::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(1, this->_internal_message_set_wire_format(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor = 2 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(2, this->_internal_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(3, this->_internal_deprecated(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool map_entry = 7;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(7, this->_internal_map_entry(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(999, this->_internal_uninterpreted_option(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // Extension range [1000, 536870912)
+  target = _extensions_._InternalSerialize(
+      1000, 536870912, target, stream);
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t MessageOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  total_size += 2UL * this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->uninterpreted_option_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000000fu) {
+    // optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor = 2 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool map_entry = 7;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void MessageOptions::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const MessageOptions* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<MessageOptions>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageOptions::MergeFrom(const MessageOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000000fu) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      message_set_wire_format_ = from.message_set_wire_format_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      no_standard_descriptor_accessor_ = from.no_standard_descriptor_accessor_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      deprecated_ = from.deprecated_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      map_entry_ = from.map_entry_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageOptions::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void MessageOptions::CopyFrom(const MessageOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool MessageOptions::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(uninterpreted_option_)) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void MessageOptions::InternalSwap(MessageOptions* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _extensions_.Swap(&other->_extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  uninterpreted_option_.InternalSwap(&other->uninterpreted_option_);
+  swap(message_set_wire_format_, other->message_set_wire_format_);
+  swap(no_standard_descriptor_accessor_, other->no_standard_descriptor_accessor_);
+  swap(deprecated_, other->deprecated_);
+  swap(map_entry_, other->map_entry_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata MessageOptions::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void FieldOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class FieldOptions::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<FieldOptions>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_ctype(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_packed(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_jstype(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 32u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_lazy(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 4u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_deprecated(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 8u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_weak(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 16u;
+  }
+};
+
+FieldOptions::FieldOptions()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+}
+FieldOptions::FieldOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _extensions_(arena),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  uninterpreted_option_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+}
+FieldOptions::FieldOptions(const FieldOptions& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      uninterpreted_option_(from.uninterpreted_option_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  ::memcpy(&ctype_, &from.ctype_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&jstype_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&ctype_)) + sizeof(jstype_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+}
+
+void FieldOptions::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_FieldOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  ::memset(&ctype_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&jstype_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&ctype_)) + sizeof(jstype_));
+}
+
+FieldOptions::~FieldOptions() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void FieldOptions::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void FieldOptions::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  FieldOptions* _this = reinterpret_cast< FieldOptions* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void FieldOptions::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void FieldOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const FieldOptions& FieldOptions::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_FieldOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void FieldOptions::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  _extensions_.Clear();
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000003fu) {
+    ::memset(&ctype_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&jstype_) -
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&ctype_)) + sizeof(jstype_));
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* FieldOptions::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 val = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType_IsValid(val))) {
+            _internal_set_ctype(static_cast<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType>(val));
+          } else {
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WriteVarint(1, val, mutable_unknown_fields());
+          }
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool packed = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_packed(&has_bits);
+          packed_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 24)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_deprecated(&has_bits);
+          deprecated_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool lazy = 5 [default = false];
+      case 5:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 40)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_lazy(&has_bits);
+          lazy_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];
+      case 6:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 48)) {
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 val = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType_IsValid(val))) {
+            _internal_set_jstype(static_cast<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType>(val));
+          } else {
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WriteVarint(6, val, mutable_unknown_fields());
+          }
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool weak = 10 [default = false];
+      case 10:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 80)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_weak(&has_bits);
+          weak_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+      case 999:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 58)) {
+          ptr -= 2;
+          do {
+            ptr += 2;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_uninterpreted_option(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<7994>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+      if ((8000u <= tag)) {
+        ptr = _extensions_.ParseField(tag, ptr,
+            internal_default_instance(), &_internal_metadata_, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* FieldOptions::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      1, this->_internal_ctype(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool packed = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(2, this->_internal_packed(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(3, this->_internal_deprecated(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool lazy = 5 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(5, this->_internal_lazy(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      6, this->_internal_jstype(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool weak = 10 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(10, this->_internal_weak(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(999, this->_internal_uninterpreted_option(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // Extension range [1000, 536870912)
+  target = _extensions_._InternalSerialize(
+      1000, 536870912, target, stream);
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t FieldOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  total_size += 2UL * this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->uninterpreted_option_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000003fu) {
+    // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->_internal_ctype());
+    }
+
+    // optional bool packed = 2;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool lazy = 5 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool weak = 10 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->_internal_jstype());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void FieldOptions::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const FieldOptions* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<FieldOptions>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldOptions::MergeFrom(const FieldOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000003fu) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      ctype_ = from.ctype_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      packed_ = from.packed_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      lazy_ = from.lazy_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      deprecated_ = from.deprecated_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      weak_ = from.weak_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+      jstype_ = from.jstype_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldOptions::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void FieldOptions::CopyFrom(const FieldOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool FieldOptions::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(uninterpreted_option_)) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void FieldOptions::InternalSwap(FieldOptions* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _extensions_.Swap(&other->_extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  uninterpreted_option_.InternalSwap(&other->uninterpreted_option_);
+  swap(ctype_, other->ctype_);
+  swap(packed_, other->packed_);
+  swap(lazy_, other->lazy_);
+  swap(deprecated_, other->deprecated_);
+  swap(weak_, other->weak_);
+  swap(jstype_, other->jstype_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata FieldOptions::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void OneofOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class OneofOptions::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<OneofOptions>()._has_bits_);
+};
+
+OneofOptions::OneofOptions()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+}
+OneofOptions::OneofOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _extensions_(arena),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  uninterpreted_option_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+}
+OneofOptions::OneofOptions(const OneofOptions& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      uninterpreted_option_(from.uninterpreted_option_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+}
+
+void OneofOptions::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_OneofOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+}
+
+OneofOptions::~OneofOptions() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void OneofOptions::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void OneofOptions::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  OneofOptions* _this = reinterpret_cast< OneofOptions* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void OneofOptions::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void OneofOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const OneofOptions& OneofOptions::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_OneofOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void OneofOptions::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  _extensions_.Clear();
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* OneofOptions::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+      case 999:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 58)) {
+          ptr -= 2;
+          do {
+            ptr += 2;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_uninterpreted_option(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<7994>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+      if ((8000u <= tag)) {
+        ptr = _extensions_.ParseField(tag, ptr,
+            internal_default_instance(), &_internal_metadata_, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* OneofOptions::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(999, this->_internal_uninterpreted_option(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // Extension range [1000, 536870912)
+  target = _extensions_._InternalSerialize(
+      1000, 536870912, target, stream);
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t OneofOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  total_size += 2UL * this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->uninterpreted_option_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void OneofOptions::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const OneofOptions* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<OneofOptions>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void OneofOptions::MergeFrom(const OneofOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
+}
+
+void OneofOptions::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void OneofOptions::CopyFrom(const OneofOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool OneofOptions::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(uninterpreted_option_)) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void OneofOptions::InternalSwap(OneofOptions* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _extensions_.Swap(&other->_extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  uninterpreted_option_.InternalSwap(&other->uninterpreted_option_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata OneofOptions::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void EnumOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class EnumOptions::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<EnumOptions>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_allow_alias(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_deprecated(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+};
+
+EnumOptions::EnumOptions()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+}
+EnumOptions::EnumOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _extensions_(arena),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  uninterpreted_option_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+}
+EnumOptions::EnumOptions(const EnumOptions& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      uninterpreted_option_(from.uninterpreted_option_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  ::memcpy(&allow_alias_, &from.allow_alias_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&deprecated_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&allow_alias_)) + sizeof(deprecated_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+}
+
+void EnumOptions::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_EnumOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  ::memset(&allow_alias_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&deprecated_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&allow_alias_)) + sizeof(deprecated_));
+}
+
+EnumOptions::~EnumOptions() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void EnumOptions::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void EnumOptions::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  EnumOptions* _this = reinterpret_cast< EnumOptions* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void EnumOptions::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void EnumOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const EnumOptions& EnumOptions::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_EnumOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void EnumOptions::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  _extensions_.Clear();
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+  ::memset(&allow_alias_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&deprecated_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&allow_alias_)) + sizeof(deprecated_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* EnumOptions::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional bool allow_alias = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_allow_alias(&has_bits);
+          allow_alias_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 24)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_deprecated(&has_bits);
+          deprecated_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+      case 999:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 58)) {
+          ptr -= 2;
+          do {
+            ptr += 2;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_uninterpreted_option(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<7994>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+      if ((8000u <= tag)) {
+        ptr = _extensions_.ParseField(tag, ptr,
+            internal_default_instance(), &_internal_metadata_, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* EnumOptions::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional bool allow_alias = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(2, this->_internal_allow_alias(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(3, this->_internal_deprecated(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(999, this->_internal_uninterpreted_option(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // Extension range [1000, 536870912)
+  target = _extensions_._InternalSerialize(
+      1000, 536870912, target, stream);
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t EnumOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  total_size += 2UL * this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->uninterpreted_option_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    // optional bool allow_alias = 2;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void EnumOptions::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const EnumOptions* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<EnumOptions>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumOptions::MergeFrom(const EnumOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      allow_alias_ = from.allow_alias_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      deprecated_ = from.deprecated_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumOptions::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void EnumOptions::CopyFrom(const EnumOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool EnumOptions::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(uninterpreted_option_)) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void EnumOptions::InternalSwap(EnumOptions* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _extensions_.Swap(&other->_extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  uninterpreted_option_.InternalSwap(&other->uninterpreted_option_);
+  swap(allow_alias_, other->allow_alias_);
+  swap(deprecated_, other->deprecated_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata EnumOptions::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void EnumValueOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class EnumValueOptions::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<EnumValueOptions>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_deprecated(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+};
+
+EnumValueOptions::EnumValueOptions()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+}
+EnumValueOptions::EnumValueOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _extensions_(arena),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  uninterpreted_option_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+}
+EnumValueOptions::EnumValueOptions(const EnumValueOptions& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      uninterpreted_option_(from.uninterpreted_option_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  deprecated_ = from.deprecated_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+}
+
+void EnumValueOptions::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_EnumValueOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  deprecated_ = false;
+}
+
+EnumValueOptions::~EnumValueOptions() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void EnumValueOptions::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void EnumValueOptions::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  EnumValueOptions* _this = reinterpret_cast< EnumValueOptions* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void EnumValueOptions::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void EnumValueOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const EnumValueOptions& EnumValueOptions::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_EnumValueOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void EnumValueOptions::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  _extensions_.Clear();
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* EnumValueOptions::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional bool deprecated = 1 [default = false];
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_deprecated(&has_bits);
+          deprecated_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+      case 999:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 58)) {
+          ptr -= 2;
+          do {
+            ptr += 2;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_uninterpreted_option(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<7994>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+      if ((8000u <= tag)) {
+        ptr = _extensions_.ParseField(tag, ptr,
+            internal_default_instance(), &_internal_metadata_, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* EnumValueOptions::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional bool deprecated = 1 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(1, this->_internal_deprecated(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(999, this->_internal_uninterpreted_option(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // Extension range [1000, 536870912)
+  target = _extensions_._InternalSerialize(
+      1000, 536870912, target, stream);
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t EnumValueOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  total_size += 2UL * this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->uninterpreted_option_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool deprecated = 1 [default = false];
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    total_size += 1 + 1;
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void EnumValueOptions::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const EnumValueOptions* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<EnumValueOptions>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumValueOptions::MergeFrom(const EnumValueOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
+  if (from._internal_has_deprecated()) {
+    _internal_set_deprecated(from._internal_deprecated());
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumValueOptions::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void EnumValueOptions::CopyFrom(const EnumValueOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool EnumValueOptions::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(uninterpreted_option_)) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void EnumValueOptions::InternalSwap(EnumValueOptions* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _extensions_.Swap(&other->_extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  uninterpreted_option_.InternalSwap(&other->uninterpreted_option_);
+  swap(deprecated_, other->deprecated_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata EnumValueOptions::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ServiceOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class ServiceOptions::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<ServiceOptions>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_deprecated(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+};
+
+ServiceOptions::ServiceOptions()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+}
+ServiceOptions::ServiceOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _extensions_(arena),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  uninterpreted_option_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+}
+ServiceOptions::ServiceOptions(const ServiceOptions& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      uninterpreted_option_(from.uninterpreted_option_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  deprecated_ = from.deprecated_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+}
+
+void ServiceOptions::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_ServiceOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  deprecated_ = false;
+}
+
+ServiceOptions::~ServiceOptions() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void ServiceOptions::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void ServiceOptions::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  ServiceOptions* _this = reinterpret_cast< ServiceOptions* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void ServiceOptions::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void ServiceOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const ServiceOptions& ServiceOptions::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_ServiceOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void ServiceOptions::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  _extensions_.Clear();
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* ServiceOptions::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
+      case 33:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_deprecated(&has_bits);
+          deprecated_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+      case 999:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 58)) {
+          ptr -= 2;
+          do {
+            ptr += 2;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_uninterpreted_option(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<7994>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+      if ((8000u <= tag)) {
+        ptr = _extensions_.ParseField(tag, ptr,
+            internal_default_instance(), &_internal_metadata_, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* ServiceOptions::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(33, this->_internal_deprecated(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(999, this->_internal_uninterpreted_option(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // Extension range [1000, 536870912)
+  target = _extensions_._InternalSerialize(
+      1000, 536870912, target, stream);
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t ServiceOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  total_size += 2UL * this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->uninterpreted_option_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    total_size += 2 + 1;
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void ServiceOptions::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const ServiceOptions* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<ServiceOptions>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void ServiceOptions::MergeFrom(const ServiceOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
+  if (from._internal_has_deprecated()) {
+    _internal_set_deprecated(from._internal_deprecated());
+  }
+}
+
+void ServiceOptions::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void ServiceOptions::CopyFrom(const ServiceOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool ServiceOptions::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(uninterpreted_option_)) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ServiceOptions::InternalSwap(ServiceOptions* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _extensions_.Swap(&other->_extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  uninterpreted_option_.InternalSwap(&other->uninterpreted_option_);
+  swap(deprecated_, other->deprecated_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata ServiceOptions::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void MethodOptions::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class MethodOptions::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<MethodOptions>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_deprecated(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_idempotency_level(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+};
+
+MethodOptions::MethodOptions()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+}
+MethodOptions::MethodOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _extensions_(arena),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  uninterpreted_option_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+}
+MethodOptions::MethodOptions(const MethodOptions& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      uninterpreted_option_(from.uninterpreted_option_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  ::memcpy(&deprecated_, &from.deprecated_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&idempotency_level_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&deprecated_)) + sizeof(idempotency_level_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+}
+
+void MethodOptions::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_MethodOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  ::memset(&deprecated_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&idempotency_level_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&deprecated_)) + sizeof(idempotency_level_));
+}
+
+MethodOptions::~MethodOptions() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void MethodOptions::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void MethodOptions::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  MethodOptions* _this = reinterpret_cast< MethodOptions* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void MethodOptions::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void MethodOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const MethodOptions& MethodOptions::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_MethodOptions_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void MethodOptions::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  _extensions_.Clear();
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    ::memset(&deprecated_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&idempotency_level_) -
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&deprecated_)) + sizeof(idempotency_level_));
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* MethodOptions::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
+      case 33:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_deprecated(&has_bits);
+          deprecated_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions.IdempotencyLevel idempotency_level = 34 [default = IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN];
+      case 34:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 val = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IsValid(val))) {
+            _internal_set_idempotency_level(static_cast<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel>(val));
+          } else {
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WriteVarint(34, val, mutable_unknown_fields());
+          }
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+      case 999:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 58)) {
+          ptr -= 2;
+          do {
+            ptr += 2;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_uninterpreted_option(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<7994>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+      if ((8000u <= tag)) {
+        ptr = _extensions_.ParseField(tag, ptr,
+            internal_default_instance(), &_internal_metadata_, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* MethodOptions::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(33, this->_internal_deprecated(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions.IdempotencyLevel idempotency_level = 34 [default = IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      34, this->_internal_idempotency_level(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(999, this->_internal_uninterpreted_option(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // Extension range [1000, 536870912)
+  target = _extensions_._InternalSerialize(
+      1000, 536870912, target, stream);
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t MethodOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  total_size += 2UL * this->_internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->uninterpreted_option_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    // optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 2 + 1;
+    }
+
+    // optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions.IdempotencyLevel idempotency_level = 34 [default = IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN];
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 2 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->_internal_idempotency_level());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void MethodOptions::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const MethodOptions* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<MethodOptions>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void MethodOptions::MergeFrom(const MethodOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      deprecated_ = from.deprecated_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      idempotency_level_ = from.idempotency_level_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void MethodOptions::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void MethodOptions::CopyFrom(const MethodOptions& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool MethodOptions::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(uninterpreted_option_)) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void MethodOptions::InternalSwap(MethodOptions* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _extensions_.Swap(&other->_extensions_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  uninterpreted_option_.InternalSwap(&other->uninterpreted_option_);
+  swap(deprecated_, other->deprecated_);
+  swap(idempotency_level_, other->idempotency_level_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata MethodOptions::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class UninterpretedOption_NamePart::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<UninterpretedOption_NamePart>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_name_part(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_is_extension(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+};
+
+UninterpretedOption_NamePart::UninterpretedOption_NamePart()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+}
+UninterpretedOption_NamePart::UninterpretedOption_NamePart(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+}
+UninterpretedOption_NamePart::UninterpretedOption_NamePart(const UninterpretedOption_NamePart& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_part_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_name_part()) {
+    name_part_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_name_part(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  is_extension_ = from.is_extension_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  name_part_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  is_extension_ = false;
+}
+
+UninterpretedOption_NamePart::~UninterpretedOption_NamePart() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  name_part_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  UninterpretedOption_NamePart* _this = reinterpret_cast< UninterpretedOption_NamePart* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const UninterpretedOption_NamePart& UninterpretedOption_NamePart::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    name_part_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+  }
+  is_extension_ = false;
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // required string name_part = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name_part();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // required bool is_extension = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_is_extension(&has_bits);
+          is_extension_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // required string name_part = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_name_part().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name_part().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name_part(), target);
+  }
+
+  // required bool is_extension = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(2, this->_internal_is_extension(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t UninterpretedOption_NamePart::RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(required_fields_byte_size_fallback_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  if (_internal_has_name_part()) {
+    // required string name_part = 1;
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_name_part());
+  }
+
+  if (_internal_has_is_extension()) {
+    // required bool is_extension = 2;
+    total_size += 1 + 1;
+  }
+
+  return total_size;
+}
+size_t UninterpretedOption_NamePart::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  if (((_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000003) ^ 0x00000003) == 0) {  // All required fields are present.
+    // required string name_part = 1;
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_name_part());
+
+    // required bool is_extension = 2;
+    total_size += 1 + 1;
+
+  } else {
+    total_size += RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback();
+  }
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const UninterpretedOption_NamePart* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<UninterpretedOption_NamePart>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::MergeFrom(const UninterpretedOption_NamePart& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _internal_set_name_part(from._internal_name_part());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      is_extension_ = from.is_extension_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::CopyFrom(const UninterpretedOption_NamePart& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool UninterpretedOption_NamePart::IsInitialized() const {
+  if ((_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000003) != 0x00000003) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::InternalSwap(UninterpretedOption_NamePart* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  name_part_.Swap(&other->name_part_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(is_extension_, other->is_extension_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata UninterpretedOption_NamePart::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void UninterpretedOption::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class UninterpretedOption::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<UninterpretedOption>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_identifier_value(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_positive_int_value(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 8u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_negative_int_value(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 16u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_double_value(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 32u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_string_value(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_aggregate_value(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 4u;
+  }
+};
+
+UninterpretedOption::UninterpretedOption()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+}
+UninterpretedOption::UninterpretedOption(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  name_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+}
+UninterpretedOption::UninterpretedOption(const UninterpretedOption& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      name_(from.name_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  identifier_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_identifier_value()) {
+    identifier_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_identifier_value(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_string_value()) {
+    string_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_string_value(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  aggregate_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_aggregate_value()) {
+    aggregate_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_aggregate_value(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  ::memcpy(&positive_int_value_, &from.positive_int_value_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&double_value_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&positive_int_value_)) + sizeof(double_value_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  identifier_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  aggregate_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&positive_int_value_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&double_value_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&positive_int_value_)) + sizeof(double_value_));
+}
+
+UninterpretedOption::~UninterpretedOption() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  identifier_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  string_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  aggregate_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  UninterpretedOption* _this = reinterpret_cast< UninterpretedOption* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const UninterpretedOption& UninterpretedOption::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_UninterpretedOption_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void UninterpretedOption::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  name_.Clear();
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000007u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      identifier_value_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      string_value_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      aggregate_value_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000038u) {
+    ::memset(&positive_int_value_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&double_value_) -
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&positive_int_value_)) + sizeof(double_value_));
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* UninterpretedOption::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart name = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_name(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<18>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string identifier_value = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_identifier_value();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional uint64 positive_int_value = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 32)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_positive_int_value(&has_bits);
+          positive_int_value_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional int64 negative_int_value = 5;
+      case 5:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 40)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_negative_int_value(&has_bits);
+          negative_int_value_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional double double_value = 6;
+      case 6:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 49)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_double_value(&has_bits);
+          double_value_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::UnalignedLoad<double>(ptr);
+          ptr += sizeof(double);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional bytes string_value = 7;
+      case 7:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 58)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_string_value();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string aggregate_value = 8;
+      case 8:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 66)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_aggregate_value();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* UninterpretedOption::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart name = 2;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_name_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(2, this->_internal_name(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string identifier_value = 3;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_identifier_value().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_identifier_value().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        3, this->_internal_identifier_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional uint64 positive_int_value = 4;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64ToArray(4, this->_internal_positive_int_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int64 negative_int_value = 5;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt64ToArray(5, this->_internal_negative_int_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional double double_value = 6;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteDoubleToArray(6, this->_internal_double_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bytes string_value = 7;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->WriteBytesMaybeAliased(
+        7, this->_internal_string_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string aggregate_value = 8;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_aggregate_value().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_aggregate_value().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        8, this->_internal_aggregate_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t UninterpretedOption::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart name = 2;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_name_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->name_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000003fu) {
+    // optional string identifier_value = 3;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_identifier_value());
+    }
+
+    // optional bytes string_value = 7;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::BytesSize(
+          this->_internal_string_value());
+    }
+
+    // optional string aggregate_value = 8;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_aggregate_value());
+    }
+
+    // optional uint64 positive_int_value = 4;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::UInt64Size(
+          this->_internal_positive_int_value());
+    }
+
+    // optional int64 negative_int_value = 5;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int64Size(
+          this->_internal_negative_int_value());
+    }
+
+    // optional double double_value = 6;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+      total_size += 1 + 8;
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const UninterpretedOption* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<UninterpretedOption>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption::MergeFrom(const UninterpretedOption& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  name_.MergeFrom(from.name_);
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x0000003fu) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _internal_set_identifier_value(from._internal_identifier_value());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      _internal_set_string_value(from._internal_string_value());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      _internal_set_aggregate_value(from._internal_aggregate_value());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000008u) {
+      positive_int_value_ = from.positive_int_value_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000010u) {
+      negative_int_value_ = from.negative_int_value_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000020u) {
+      double_value_ = from.double_value_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption::CopyFrom(const UninterpretedOption& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool UninterpretedOption::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (!::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AllAreInitialized(name_)) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption::InternalSwap(UninterpretedOption* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  name_.InternalSwap(&other->name_);
+  identifier_value_.Swap(&other->identifier_value_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  string_value_.Swap(&other->string_value_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  aggregate_value_.Swap(&other->aggregate_value_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(positive_int_value_, other->positive_int_value_);
+  swap(negative_int_value_, other->negative_int_value_);
+  swap(double_value_, other->double_value_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata UninterpretedOption::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class SourceCodeInfo_Location::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<SourceCodeInfo_Location>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_leading_comments(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_trailing_comments(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+};
+
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::SourceCodeInfo_Location()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+}
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::SourceCodeInfo_Location(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  path_(arena),
+  span_(arena),
+  leading_detached_comments_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+}
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::SourceCodeInfo_Location(const SourceCodeInfo_Location& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      path_(from.path_),
+      span_(from.span_),
+      leading_detached_comments_(from.leading_detached_comments_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  leading_comments_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_leading_comments()) {
+    leading_comments_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_leading_comments(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  trailing_comments_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_trailing_comments()) {
+    trailing_comments_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_trailing_comments(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_SourceCodeInfo_Location_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  leading_comments_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  trailing_comments_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::~SourceCodeInfo_Location() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  leading_comments_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  trailing_comments_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  SourceCodeInfo_Location* _this = reinterpret_cast< SourceCodeInfo_Location* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const SourceCodeInfo_Location& SourceCodeInfo_Location::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_SourceCodeInfo_Location_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  path_.Clear();
+  span_.Clear();
+  leading_detached_comments_.Clear();
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      leading_comments_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      trailing_comments_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+    }
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* SourceCodeInfo_Location::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::PackedInt32Parser(_internal_mutable_path(), ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else if (static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8) {
+          _internal_add_path(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated int32 span = 2 [packed = true];
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::PackedInt32Parser(_internal_mutable_span(), ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else if (static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16) {
+          _internal_add_span(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string leading_comments = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_leading_comments();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string trailing_comments = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 34)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_trailing_comments();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
+      case 6:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 50)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            auto str = _internal_add_leading_detached_comments();
+            ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+            #ifndef NDEBUG
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments");
+            #endif  // !NDEBUG
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<50>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* SourceCodeInfo_Location::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
+  {
+    int byte_size = _path_cached_byte_size_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    if (byte_size > 0) {
+      target = stream->WriteInt32Packed(
+          1, _internal_path(), byte_size, target);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // repeated int32 span = 2 [packed = true];
+  {
+    int byte_size = _span_cached_byte_size_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    if (byte_size > 0) {
+      target = stream->WriteInt32Packed(
+          2, _internal_span(), byte_size, target);
+    }
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string leading_comments = 3;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_leading_comments().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_leading_comments().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        3, this->_internal_leading_comments(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string trailing_comments = 4;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_trailing_comments().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_trailing_comments().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        4, this->_internal_trailing_comments(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
+  for (int i = 0, n = this->_internal_leading_detached_comments_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    const auto& s = this->_internal_leading_detached_comments(i);
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      s.data(), static_cast<int>(s.length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments");
+    target = stream->WriteString(6, s, target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t SourceCodeInfo_Location::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
+  {
+    size_t data_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      Int32Size(this->path_);
+    if (data_size > 0) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+            static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32>(data_size));
+    }
+    int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(data_size);
+    _path_cached_byte_size_.store(cached_size,
+                                    std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    total_size += data_size;
+  }
+
+  // repeated int32 span = 2 [packed = true];
+  {
+    size_t data_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      Int32Size(this->span_);
+    if (data_size > 0) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+            static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32>(data_size));
+    }
+    int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(data_size);
+    _span_cached_byte_size_.store(cached_size,
+                                    std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    total_size += data_size;
+  }
+
+  // repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FromIntSize(leading_detached_comments_.size());
+  for (int i = 0, n = leading_detached_comments_.size(); i < n; i++) {
+    total_size += ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+      leading_detached_comments_.Get(i));
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    // optional string leading_comments = 3;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_leading_comments());
+    }
+
+    // optional string trailing_comments = 4;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_trailing_comments());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const SourceCodeInfo_Location* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<SourceCodeInfo_Location>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::MergeFrom(const SourceCodeInfo_Location& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  path_.MergeFrom(from.path_);
+  span_.MergeFrom(from.span_);
+  leading_detached_comments_.MergeFrom(from.leading_detached_comments_);
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _internal_set_leading_comments(from._internal_leading_comments());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      _internal_set_trailing_comments(from._internal_trailing_comments());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::CopyFrom(const SourceCodeInfo_Location& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool SourceCodeInfo_Location::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::InternalSwap(SourceCodeInfo_Location* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  path_.InternalSwap(&other->path_);
+  span_.InternalSwap(&other->span_);
+  leading_detached_comments_.InternalSwap(&other->leading_detached_comments_);
+  leading_comments_.Swap(&other->leading_comments_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  trailing_comments_.Swap(&other->trailing_comments_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata SourceCodeInfo_Location::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void SourceCodeInfo::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class SourceCodeInfo::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<SourceCodeInfo>()._has_bits_);
+};
+
+SourceCodeInfo::SourceCodeInfo()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+}
+SourceCodeInfo::SourceCodeInfo(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  location_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+}
+SourceCodeInfo::SourceCodeInfo(const SourceCodeInfo& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      location_(from.location_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_SourceCodeInfo_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+}
+
+SourceCodeInfo::~SourceCodeInfo() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  SourceCodeInfo* _this = reinterpret_cast< SourceCodeInfo* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void SourceCodeInfo::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void SourceCodeInfo::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const SourceCodeInfo& SourceCodeInfo::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_SourceCodeInfo_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void SourceCodeInfo::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  location_.Clear();
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* SourceCodeInfo::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location location = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_location(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<10>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* SourceCodeInfo::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location location = 1;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_location_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(1, this->_internal_location(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t SourceCodeInfo::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location location = 1;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_location_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->location_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const SourceCodeInfo* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<SourceCodeInfo>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo::MergeFrom(const SourceCodeInfo& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  location_.MergeFrom(from.location_);
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo::CopyFrom(const SourceCodeInfo& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool SourceCodeInfo::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo::InternalSwap(SourceCodeInfo* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  location_.InternalSwap(&other->location_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata SourceCodeInfo::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_source_file(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_begin(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_end(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 4u;
+  }
+};
+
+GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+}
+GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  path_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+}
+GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation(const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      path_(from.path_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  source_file_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_source_file()) {
+    source_file_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_source_file(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  ::memcpy(&begin_, &from.begin_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&begin_)) + sizeof(end_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  source_file_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&begin_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&begin_)) + sizeof(end_));
+}
+
+GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::~GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  source_file_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* _this = reinterpret_cast< GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  path_.Clear();
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    source_file_.ClearNonDefaultToEmpty();
+  }
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000006u) {
+    ::memset(&begin_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(&begin_)) + sizeof(end_));
+  }
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::PackedInt32Parser(_internal_mutable_path(), ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else if (static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8) {
+          _internal_add_path(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional string source_file = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_source_file();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional int32 begin = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 24)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_begin(&has_bits);
+          begin_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // optional int32 end = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 32)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_end(&has_bits);
+          end_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
+  {
+    int byte_size = _path_cached_byte_size_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    if (byte_size > 0) {
+      target = stream->WriteInt32Packed(
+          1, _internal_path(), byte_size, target);
+    }
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // optional string source_file = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_source_file().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_source_file().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        2, this->_internal_source_file(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 begin = 3;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(3, this->_internal_begin(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 end = 4;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(4, this->_internal_end(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
+  {
+    size_t data_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      Int32Size(this->path_);
+    if (data_size > 0) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+            static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32>(data_size));
+    }
+    int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(data_size);
+    _path_cached_byte_size_.store(cached_size,
+                                    std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    total_size += data_size;
+  }
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000007u) {
+    // optional string source_file = 2;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_source_file());
+    }
+
+    // optional int32 begin = 3;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->_internal_begin());
+    }
+
+    // optional int32 end = 4;
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->_internal_end());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::MergeFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  path_.MergeFrom(from.path_);
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000007u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _internal_set_source_file(from._internal_source_file());
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      begin_ = from.begin_;
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      end_ = from.end_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::CopyFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::InternalSwap(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  path_.InternalSwap(&other->path_);
+  source_file_.Swap(&other->source_file_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(begin_, other->begin_);
+  swap(end_, other->end_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class GeneratedCodeInfo::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<GeneratedCodeInfo>()._has_bits_);
+};
+
+GeneratedCodeInfo::GeneratedCodeInfo()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+}
+GeneratedCodeInfo::GeneratedCodeInfo(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  annotation_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+}
+GeneratedCodeInfo::GeneratedCodeInfo(const GeneratedCodeInfo& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_),
+      annotation_(from.annotation_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_GeneratedCodeInfo_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+}
+
+GeneratedCodeInfo::~GeneratedCodeInfo() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  GeneratedCodeInfo* _this = reinterpret_cast< GeneratedCodeInfo* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void GeneratedCodeInfo::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void GeneratedCodeInfo::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const GeneratedCodeInfo& GeneratedCodeInfo::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_GeneratedCodeInfo_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  annotation_.Clear();
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* GeneratedCodeInfo::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation annotation = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_annotation(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<10>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* GeneratedCodeInfo::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation annotation = 1;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_annotation_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(1, this->_internal_annotation(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t GeneratedCodeInfo::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation annotation = 1;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_annotation_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->annotation_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<GeneratedCodeInfo>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo::MergeFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  annotation_.MergeFrom(from.annotation_);
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo::CopyFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool GeneratedCodeInfo::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo::InternalSwap(GeneratedCodeInfo* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  annotation_.InternalSwap(&other->annotation_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GeneratedCodeInfo::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorSet* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorSet >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorSet >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo >(arena);
+}
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7bae0da6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14067 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3011000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3011004 < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace internal {
+class AnyMetadata;
+}  // namespace internal
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto {
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTableField entries[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTable schema[27]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 offsets[];
+};
+extern PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class DescriptorProto;
+class DescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern DescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal _DescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange;
+class DescriptorProto_ExtensionRangeDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern DescriptorProto_ExtensionRangeDefaultTypeInternal _DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_default_instance_;
+class DescriptorProto_ReservedRange;
+class DescriptorProto_ReservedRangeDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern DescriptorProto_ReservedRangeDefaultTypeInternal _DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_default_instance_;
+class EnumDescriptorProto;
+class EnumDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern EnumDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal _EnumDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange;
+class EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRangeDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRangeDefaultTypeInternal _EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_default_instance_;
+class EnumOptions;
+class EnumOptionsDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern EnumOptionsDefaultTypeInternal _EnumOptions_default_instance_;
+class EnumValueDescriptorProto;
+class EnumValueDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern EnumValueDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal _EnumValueDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class EnumValueOptions;
+class EnumValueOptionsDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern EnumValueOptionsDefaultTypeInternal _EnumValueOptions_default_instance_;
+class ExtensionRangeOptions;
+class ExtensionRangeOptionsDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern ExtensionRangeOptionsDefaultTypeInternal _ExtensionRangeOptions_default_instance_;
+class FieldDescriptorProto;
+class FieldDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern FieldDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal _FieldDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class FieldOptions;
+class FieldOptionsDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern FieldOptionsDefaultTypeInternal _FieldOptions_default_instance_;
+class FileDescriptorProto;
+class FileDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern FileDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal _FileDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class FileDescriptorSet;
+class FileDescriptorSetDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern FileDescriptorSetDefaultTypeInternal _FileDescriptorSet_default_instance_;
+class FileOptions;
+class FileOptionsDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern FileOptionsDefaultTypeInternal _FileOptions_default_instance_;
+class GeneratedCodeInfo;
+class GeneratedCodeInfoDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern GeneratedCodeInfoDefaultTypeInternal _GeneratedCodeInfo_default_instance_;
+class GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation;
+class GeneratedCodeInfo_AnnotationDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern GeneratedCodeInfo_AnnotationDefaultTypeInternal _GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_default_instance_;
+class MessageOptions;
+class MessageOptionsDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern MessageOptionsDefaultTypeInternal _MessageOptions_default_instance_;
+class MethodDescriptorProto;
+class MethodDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern MethodDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal _MethodDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class MethodOptions;
+class MethodOptionsDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern MethodOptionsDefaultTypeInternal _MethodOptions_default_instance_;
+class OneofDescriptorProto;
+class OneofDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern OneofDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal _OneofDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class OneofOptions;
+class OneofOptionsDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern OneofOptionsDefaultTypeInternal _OneofOptions_default_instance_;
+class ServiceDescriptorProto;
+class ServiceDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern ServiceDescriptorProtoDefaultTypeInternal _ServiceDescriptorProto_default_instance_;
+class ServiceOptions;
+class ServiceOptionsDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern ServiceOptionsDefaultTypeInternal _ServiceOptions_default_instance_;
+class SourceCodeInfo;
+class SourceCodeInfoDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern SourceCodeInfoDefaultTypeInternal _SourceCodeInfo_default_instance_;
+class SourceCodeInfo_Location;
+class SourceCodeInfo_LocationDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern SourceCodeInfo_LocationDefaultTypeInternal _SourceCodeInfo_Location_default_instance_;
+class UninterpretedOption;
+class UninterpretedOptionDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern UninterpretedOptionDefaultTypeInternal _UninterpretedOption_default_instance_;
+class UninterpretedOption_NamePart;
+class UninterpretedOption_NamePartDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern UninterpretedOption_NamePartDefaultTypeInternal _UninterpretedOption_NamePart_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorSet* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorSet>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart>(Arena*);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+enum FieldDescriptorProto_Type : int {
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_DOUBLE = 1,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_FLOAT = 2,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_INT64 = 3,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_UINT64 = 4,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_INT32 = 5,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_FIXED64 = 6,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_FIXED32 = 7,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_BOOL = 8,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_STRING = 9,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_GROUP = 10,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_MESSAGE = 11,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_BYTES = 12,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_UINT32 = 13,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_ENUM = 14,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_SINT32 = 17,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_SINT64 = 18
+};
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool FieldDescriptorProto_Type_IsValid(int value);
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto_Type_Type_MIN = FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_DOUBLE;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto_Type_Type_MAX = FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_SINT64;
+constexpr int FieldDescriptorProto_Type_Type_ARRAYSIZE = FieldDescriptorProto_Type_Type_MAX + 1;
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* FieldDescriptorProto_Type_descriptor();
+template<typename T>
+inline const std::string& FieldDescriptorProto_Type_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+  static_assert(::std::is_same<T, FieldDescriptorProto_Type>::value ||
+    ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+    "Incorrect type passed to function FieldDescriptorProto_Type_Name.");
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::NameOfEnum(
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_descriptor(), enum_t_value);
+}
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto_Type_Parse(
+    const std::string& name, FieldDescriptorProto_Type* value) {
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseNamedEnum<FieldDescriptorProto_Type>(
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_descriptor(), name, value);
+}
+enum FieldDescriptorProto_Label : int {
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Label_LABEL_OPTIONAL = 1,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Label_LABEL_REQUIRED = 2,
+  FieldDescriptorProto_Label_LABEL_REPEATED = 3
+};
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool FieldDescriptorProto_Label_IsValid(int value);
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Label FieldDescriptorProto_Label_Label_MIN = FieldDescriptorProto_Label_LABEL_OPTIONAL;
+constexpr FieldDescriptorProto_Label FieldDescriptorProto_Label_Label_MAX = FieldDescriptorProto_Label_LABEL_REPEATED;
+constexpr int FieldDescriptorProto_Label_Label_ARRAYSIZE = FieldDescriptorProto_Label_Label_MAX + 1;
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* FieldDescriptorProto_Label_descriptor();
+template<typename T>
+inline const std::string& FieldDescriptorProto_Label_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+  static_assert(::std::is_same<T, FieldDescriptorProto_Label>::value ||
+    ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+    "Incorrect type passed to function FieldDescriptorProto_Label_Name.");
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::NameOfEnum(
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Label_descriptor(), enum_t_value);
+}
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto_Label_Parse(
+    const std::string& name, FieldDescriptorProto_Label* value) {
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseNamedEnum<FieldDescriptorProto_Label>(
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Label_descriptor(), name, value);
+}
+enum FileOptions_OptimizeMode : int {
+  FileOptions_OptimizeMode_SPEED = 1,
+  FileOptions_OptimizeMode_CODE_SIZE = 2,
+  FileOptions_OptimizeMode_LITE_RUNTIME = 3
+};
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool FileOptions_OptimizeMode_IsValid(int value);
+constexpr FileOptions_OptimizeMode FileOptions_OptimizeMode_OptimizeMode_MIN = FileOptions_OptimizeMode_SPEED;
+constexpr FileOptions_OptimizeMode FileOptions_OptimizeMode_OptimizeMode_MAX = FileOptions_OptimizeMode_LITE_RUNTIME;
+constexpr int FileOptions_OptimizeMode_OptimizeMode_ARRAYSIZE = FileOptions_OptimizeMode_OptimizeMode_MAX + 1;
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* FileOptions_OptimizeMode_descriptor();
+template<typename T>
+inline const std::string& FileOptions_OptimizeMode_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+  static_assert(::std::is_same<T, FileOptions_OptimizeMode>::value ||
+    ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+    "Incorrect type passed to function FileOptions_OptimizeMode_Name.");
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::NameOfEnum(
+    FileOptions_OptimizeMode_descriptor(), enum_t_value);
+}
+inline bool FileOptions_OptimizeMode_Parse(
+    const std::string& name, FileOptions_OptimizeMode* value) {
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseNamedEnum<FileOptions_OptimizeMode>(
+    FileOptions_OptimizeMode_descriptor(), name, value);
+}
+enum FieldOptions_CType : int {
+  FieldOptions_CType_STRING = 0,
+  FieldOptions_CType_CORD = 1,
+  FieldOptions_CType_STRING_PIECE = 2
+};
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool FieldOptions_CType_IsValid(int value);
+constexpr FieldOptions_CType FieldOptions_CType_CType_MIN = FieldOptions_CType_STRING;
+constexpr FieldOptions_CType FieldOptions_CType_CType_MAX = FieldOptions_CType_STRING_PIECE;
+constexpr int FieldOptions_CType_CType_ARRAYSIZE = FieldOptions_CType_CType_MAX + 1;
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* FieldOptions_CType_descriptor();
+template<typename T>
+inline const std::string& FieldOptions_CType_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+  static_assert(::std::is_same<T, FieldOptions_CType>::value ||
+    ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+    "Incorrect type passed to function FieldOptions_CType_Name.");
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::NameOfEnum(
+    FieldOptions_CType_descriptor(), enum_t_value);
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions_CType_Parse(
+    const std::string& name, FieldOptions_CType* value) {
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseNamedEnum<FieldOptions_CType>(
+    FieldOptions_CType_descriptor(), name, value);
+}
+enum FieldOptions_JSType : int {
+  FieldOptions_JSType_JS_NORMAL = 0,
+  FieldOptions_JSType_JS_STRING = 1,
+  FieldOptions_JSType_JS_NUMBER = 2
+};
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool FieldOptions_JSType_IsValid(int value);
+constexpr FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions_JSType_JSType_MIN = FieldOptions_JSType_JS_NORMAL;
+constexpr FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions_JSType_JSType_MAX = FieldOptions_JSType_JS_NUMBER;
+constexpr int FieldOptions_JSType_JSType_ARRAYSIZE = FieldOptions_JSType_JSType_MAX + 1;
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor();
+template<typename T>
+inline const std::string& FieldOptions_JSType_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+  static_assert(::std::is_same<T, FieldOptions_JSType>::value ||
+    ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+    "Incorrect type passed to function FieldOptions_JSType_Name.");
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::NameOfEnum(
+    FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor(), enum_t_value);
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions_JSType_Parse(
+    const std::string& name, FieldOptions_JSType* value) {
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseNamedEnum<FieldOptions_JSType>(
+    FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor(), name, value);
+}
+enum MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel : int {
+  MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN = 0,
+  MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_NO_SIDE_EFFECTS = 1,
+  MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IDEMPOTENT = 2
+};
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IsValid(int value);
+constexpr MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IdempotencyLevel_MIN = MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN;
+constexpr MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IdempotencyLevel_MAX = MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IDEMPOTENT;
+constexpr int MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IdempotencyLevel_ARRAYSIZE = MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IdempotencyLevel_MAX + 1;
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_descriptor();
+template<typename T>
+inline const std::string& MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+  static_assert(::std::is_same<T, MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel>::value ||
+    ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+    "Incorrect type passed to function MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_Name.");
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::NameOfEnum(
+    MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_descriptor(), enum_t_value);
+}
+inline bool MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_Parse(
+    const std::string& name, MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel* value) {
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseNamedEnum<MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel>(
+    MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_descriptor(), name, value);
+}
+// ===================================================================
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptorSet :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet) */ {
+ public:
+  FileDescriptorSet();
+  virtual ~FileDescriptorSet();
+
+  FileDescriptorSet(const FileDescriptorSet& from);
+  FileDescriptorSet(FileDescriptorSet&& from) noexcept
+    : FileDescriptorSet() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline FileDescriptorSet& operator=(const FileDescriptorSet& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline FileDescriptorSet& operator=(FileDescriptorSet&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const FileDescriptorSet& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const FileDescriptorSet* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const FileDescriptorSet*>(
+               &_FileDescriptorSet_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    0;
+
+  friend void swap(FileDescriptorSet& a, FileDescriptorSet& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(FileDescriptorSet* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(FileDescriptorSet* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline FileDescriptorSet* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<FileDescriptorSet>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  FileDescriptorSet* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<FileDescriptorSet>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const FileDescriptorSet& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const FileDescriptorSet& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(FileDescriptorSet* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit FileDescriptorSet(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kFileFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto file = 1;
+  int file_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_file_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_file();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto* mutable_file(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto >*
+      mutable_file();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto& _internal_file(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto* _internal_add_file();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto& file(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto* add_file();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto >&
+      file() const;
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto > file_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptorProto :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto) */ {
+ public:
+  FileDescriptorProto();
+  virtual ~FileDescriptorProto();
+
+  FileDescriptorProto(const FileDescriptorProto& from);
+  FileDescriptorProto(FileDescriptorProto&& from) noexcept
+    : FileDescriptorProto() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline FileDescriptorProto& operator=(const FileDescriptorProto& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline FileDescriptorProto& operator=(FileDescriptorProto&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const FileDescriptorProto& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const FileDescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const FileDescriptorProto*>(
+               &_FileDescriptorProto_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    1;
+
+  friend void swap(FileDescriptorProto& a, FileDescriptorProto& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(FileDescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(FileDescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline FileDescriptorProto* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<FileDescriptorProto>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  FileDescriptorProto* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<FileDescriptorProto>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const FileDescriptorProto& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const FileDescriptorProto& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(FileDescriptorProto* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit FileDescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kDependencyFieldNumber = 3,
+    kMessageTypeFieldNumber = 4,
+    kEnumTypeFieldNumber = 5,
+    kServiceFieldNumber = 6,
+    kExtensionFieldNumber = 7,
+    kPublicDependencyFieldNumber = 10,
+    kWeakDependencyFieldNumber = 11,
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kPackageFieldNumber = 2,
+    kSyntaxFieldNumber = 12,
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 8,
+    kSourceCodeInfoFieldNumber = 9,
+  };
+  // repeated string dependency = 3;
+  int dependency_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_dependency_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_dependency();
+  const std::string& dependency(int index) const;
+  std::string* mutable_dependency(int index);
+  void set_dependency(int index, const std::string& value);
+  void set_dependency(int index, std::string&& value);
+  void set_dependency(int index, const char* value);
+  void set_dependency(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* add_dependency();
+  void add_dependency(const std::string& value);
+  void add_dependency(std::string&& value);
+  void add_dependency(const char* value);
+  void add_dependency(const char* value, size_t size);
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& dependency() const;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* mutable_dependency();
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_dependency(int index) const;
+  std::string* _internal_add_dependency();
+  public:
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+  int message_type_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_message_type_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_message_type();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto* mutable_message_type(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto >*
+      mutable_message_type();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto& _internal_message_type(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto* _internal_add_message_type();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto& message_type(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto* add_message_type();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto >&
+      message_type() const;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;
+  int enum_type_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_enum_type_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_enum_type();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto* mutable_enum_type(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto >*
+      mutable_enum_type();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto& _internal_enum_type(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto* _internal_add_enum_type();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto& enum_type(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto* add_enum_type();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto >&
+      enum_type() const;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;
+  int service_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_service_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_service();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto* mutable_service(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto >*
+      mutable_service();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto& _internal_service(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto* _internal_add_service();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto& service(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto* add_service();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto >&
+      service() const;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;
+  int extension_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_extension_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_extension();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* mutable_extension(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto >*
+      mutable_extension();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto& _internal_extension(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* _internal_add_extension();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto& extension(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* add_extension();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto >&
+      extension() const;
+
+  // repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;
+  int public_dependency_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_public_dependency_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_public_dependency();
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_public_dependency(int index) const;
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+      _internal_public_dependency() const;
+  void _internal_add_public_dependency(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+      _internal_mutable_public_dependency();
+  public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 public_dependency(int index) const;
+  void set_public_dependency(int index, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  void add_public_dependency(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+      public_dependency() const;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+      mutable_public_dependency();
+
+  // repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;
+  int weak_dependency_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_weak_dependency_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_weak_dependency();
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_weak_dependency(int index) const;
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+      _internal_weak_dependency() const;
+  void _internal_add_weak_dependency(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+      _internal_mutable_weak_dependency();
+  public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 weak_dependency(int index) const;
+  void set_weak_dependency(int index, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  void add_weak_dependency(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+      weak_dependency() const;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+      mutable_weak_dependency();
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  bool has_name() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_name() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string package = 2;
+  bool has_package() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_package() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_package();
+  const std::string& package() const;
+  void set_package(const std::string& value);
+  void set_package(std::string&& value);
+  void set_package(const char* value);
+  void set_package(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_package();
+  std::string* release_package();
+  void set_allocated_package(std::string* package);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_package();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_package(
+      std::string* package);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_package() const;
+  void _internal_set_package(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_package();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string syntax = 12;
+  bool has_syntax() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_syntax() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_syntax();
+  const std::string& syntax() const;
+  void set_syntax(const std::string& value);
+  void set_syntax(std::string&& value);
+  void set_syntax(const char* value);
+  void set_syntax(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_syntax();
+  std::string* release_syntax();
+  void set_allocated_syntax(std::string* syntax);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_syntax();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_syntax(
+      std::string* syntax);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_syntax() const;
+  void _internal_set_syntax(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_syntax();
+  public:
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions options = 8;
+  bool has_options() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_options() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions& options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* release_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* mutable_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* options);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions& _internal_options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* _internal_mutable_options();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* options);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* unsafe_arena_release_options();
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo source_code_info = 9;
+  bool has_source_code_info() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_source_code_info() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_source_code_info();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo& source_code_info() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* release_source_code_info();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* mutable_source_code_info();
+  void set_allocated_source_code_info(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo& _internal_source_code_info() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* _internal_mutable_source_code_info();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_source_code_info(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* unsafe_arena_release_source_code_info();
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string> dependency_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto > message_type_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto > enum_type_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto > service_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto > extension_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 > public_dependency_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 > weak_dependency_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr package_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr syntax_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* options_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange) */ {
+ public:
+  DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange();
+  virtual ~DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange();
+
+  DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange(const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& from);
+  DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange&& from) noexcept
+    : DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& operator=(const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& operator=(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange*>(
+               &_DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    2;
+
+  friend void swap(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& a, DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 3,
+    kStartFieldNumber = 1,
+    kEndFieldNumber = 2,
+  };
+  // optional .google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions options = 3;
+  bool has_options() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_options() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions& options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* release_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* mutable_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* options);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions& _internal_options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* _internal_mutable_options();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* options);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* unsafe_arena_release_options();
+
+  // optional int32 start = 1;
+  bool has_start() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_start() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_start();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 start() const;
+  void set_start(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_start() const;
+  void _internal_set_start(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional int32 end = 2;
+  bool has_end() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_end() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_end();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 end() const;
+  void set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_end() const;
+  void _internal_set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* options_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 start_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 end_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto_ReservedRange :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange) */ {
+ public:
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange();
+  virtual ~DescriptorProto_ReservedRange();
+
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from);
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange&& from) noexcept
+    : DescriptorProto_ReservedRange() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& operator=(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& operator=(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange*>(
+               &_DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    3;
+
+  friend void swap(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& a, DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<DescriptorProto_ReservedRange>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<DescriptorProto_ReservedRange>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit DescriptorProto_ReservedRange(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kStartFieldNumber = 1,
+    kEndFieldNumber = 2,
+  };
+  // optional int32 start = 1;
+  bool has_start() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_start() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_start();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 start() const;
+  void set_start(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_start() const;
+  void _internal_set_start(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional int32 end = 2;
+  bool has_end() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_end() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_end();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 end() const;
+  void set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_end() const;
+  void _internal_set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 start_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 end_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto) */ {
+ public:
+  DescriptorProto();
+  virtual ~DescriptorProto();
+
+  DescriptorProto(const DescriptorProto& from);
+  DescriptorProto(DescriptorProto&& from) noexcept
+    : DescriptorProto() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline DescriptorProto& operator=(const DescriptorProto& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline DescriptorProto& operator=(DescriptorProto&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const DescriptorProto& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const DescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const DescriptorProto*>(
+               &_DescriptorProto_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    4;
+
+  friend void swap(DescriptorProto& a, DescriptorProto& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(DescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(DescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline DescriptorProto* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<DescriptorProto>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  DescriptorProto* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<DescriptorProto>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const DescriptorProto& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(DescriptorProto* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.DescriptorProto";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit DescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  typedef DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange ExtensionRange;
+  typedef DescriptorProto_ReservedRange ReservedRange;
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kFieldFieldNumber = 2,
+    kNestedTypeFieldNumber = 3,
+    kEnumTypeFieldNumber = 4,
+    kExtensionRangeFieldNumber = 5,
+    kExtensionFieldNumber = 6,
+    kOneofDeclFieldNumber = 8,
+    kReservedRangeFieldNumber = 9,
+    kReservedNameFieldNumber = 10,
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 7,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+  int field_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_field_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_field();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* mutable_field(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto >*
+      mutable_field();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto& _internal_field(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* _internal_add_field();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto& field(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* add_field();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto >&
+      field() const;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;
+  int nested_type_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_nested_type_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_nested_type();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto* mutable_nested_type(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto >*
+      mutable_nested_type();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto& _internal_nested_type(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto* _internal_add_nested_type();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto& nested_type(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto* add_nested_type();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto >&
+      nested_type() const;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;
+  int enum_type_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_enum_type_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_enum_type();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto* mutable_enum_type(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto >*
+      mutable_enum_type();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto& _internal_enum_type(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto* _internal_add_enum_type();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto& enum_type(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto* add_enum_type();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto >&
+      enum_type() const;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;
+  int extension_range_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_extension_range_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_extension_range();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* mutable_extension_range(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange >*
+      mutable_extension_range();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& _internal_extension_range(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* _internal_add_extension_range();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& extension_range(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* add_extension_range();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange >&
+      extension_range() const;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;
+  int extension_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_extension_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_extension();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* mutable_extension(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto >*
+      mutable_extension();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto& _internal_extension(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* _internal_add_extension();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto& extension(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* add_extension();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto >&
+      extension() const;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto oneof_decl = 8;
+  int oneof_decl_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_oneof_decl_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_oneof_decl();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto* mutable_oneof_decl(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto >*
+      mutable_oneof_decl();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto& _internal_oneof_decl(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto* _internal_add_oneof_decl();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto& oneof_decl(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto* add_oneof_decl();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto >&
+      oneof_decl() const;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
+  int reserved_range_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_reserved_range_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_reserved_range();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* mutable_reserved_range(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange >*
+      mutable_reserved_range();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& _internal_reserved_range(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* _internal_add_reserved_range();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& reserved_range(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* add_reserved_range();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange >&
+      reserved_range() const;
+
+  // repeated string reserved_name = 10;
+  int reserved_name_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_reserved_name_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_reserved_name();
+  const std::string& reserved_name(int index) const;
+  std::string* mutable_reserved_name(int index);
+  void set_reserved_name(int index, const std::string& value);
+  void set_reserved_name(int index, std::string&& value);
+  void set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value);
+  void set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* add_reserved_name();
+  void add_reserved_name(const std::string& value);
+  void add_reserved_name(std::string&& value);
+  void add_reserved_name(const char* value);
+  void add_reserved_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& reserved_name() const;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* mutable_reserved_name();
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_reserved_name(int index) const;
+  std::string* _internal_add_reserved_name();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  bool has_name() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_name() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.MessageOptions options = 7;
+  bool has_options() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_options() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions& options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* release_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* mutable_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* options);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions& _internal_options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* _internal_mutable_options();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* options);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* unsafe_arena_release_options();
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto > field_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto > nested_type_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto > enum_type_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange > extension_range_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto > extension_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto > oneof_decl_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange > reserved_range_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string> reserved_name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* options_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ExtensionRangeOptions :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions) */ {
+ public:
+  ExtensionRangeOptions();
+  virtual ~ExtensionRangeOptions();
+
+  ExtensionRangeOptions(const ExtensionRangeOptions& from);
+  ExtensionRangeOptions(ExtensionRangeOptions&& from) noexcept
+    : ExtensionRangeOptions() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline ExtensionRangeOptions& operator=(const ExtensionRangeOptions& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline ExtensionRangeOptions& operator=(ExtensionRangeOptions&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const ExtensionRangeOptions& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const ExtensionRangeOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const ExtensionRangeOptions*>(
+               &_ExtensionRangeOptions_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    5;
+
+  friend void swap(ExtensionRangeOptions& a, ExtensionRangeOptions& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(ExtensionRangeOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(ExtensionRangeOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline ExtensionRangeOptions* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<ExtensionRangeOptions>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  ExtensionRangeOptions* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<ExtensionRangeOptions>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const ExtensionRangeOptions& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ExtensionRangeOptions& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(ExtensionRangeOptions* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit ExtensionRangeOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+      mutable_uninterpreted_option();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& _internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+      uninterpreted_option() const;
+
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(ExtensionRangeOptions)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldDescriptorProto :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto) */ {
+ public:
+  FieldDescriptorProto();
+  virtual ~FieldDescriptorProto();
+
+  FieldDescriptorProto(const FieldDescriptorProto& from);
+  FieldDescriptorProto(FieldDescriptorProto&& from) noexcept
+    : FieldDescriptorProto() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline FieldDescriptorProto& operator=(const FieldDescriptorProto& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline FieldDescriptorProto& operator=(FieldDescriptorProto&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const FieldDescriptorProto& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const FieldDescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const FieldDescriptorProto*>(
+               &_FieldDescriptorProto_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    6;
+
+  friend void swap(FieldDescriptorProto& a, FieldDescriptorProto& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(FieldDescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(FieldDescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline FieldDescriptorProto* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<FieldDescriptorProto>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  FieldDescriptorProto* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<FieldDescriptorProto>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const FieldDescriptorProto& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const FieldDescriptorProto& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(FieldDescriptorProto* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit FieldDescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  typedef FieldDescriptorProto_Type Type;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_DOUBLE =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_DOUBLE;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_FLOAT =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_FLOAT;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_INT64 =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_INT64;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_UINT64 =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_UINT64;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_INT32 =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_INT32;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_FIXED64 =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_FIXED64;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_FIXED32 =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_FIXED32;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_BOOL =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_BOOL;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_STRING =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_STRING;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_GROUP =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_GROUP;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_MESSAGE =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_MESSAGE;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_BYTES =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_BYTES;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_UINT32 =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_UINT32;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_ENUM =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_ENUM;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_SFIXED32 =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_SFIXED32;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_SFIXED64 =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_SFIXED64;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_SINT32 =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_SINT32;
+  static constexpr Type TYPE_SINT64 =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_TYPE_SINT64;
+  static inline bool Type_IsValid(int value) {
+    return FieldDescriptorProto_Type_IsValid(value);
+  }
+  static constexpr Type Type_MIN =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_Type_MIN;
+  static constexpr Type Type_MAX =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_Type_MAX;
+  static constexpr int Type_ARRAYSIZE =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Type_Type_ARRAYSIZE;
+  static inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor*
+  Type_descriptor() {
+    return FieldDescriptorProto_Type_descriptor();
+  }
+  template<typename T>
+  static inline const std::string& Type_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+    static_assert(::std::is_same<T, Type>::value ||
+      ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+      "Incorrect type passed to function Type_Name.");
+    return FieldDescriptorProto_Type_Name(enum_t_value);
+  }
+  static inline bool Type_Parse(const std::string& name,
+      Type* value) {
+    return FieldDescriptorProto_Type_Parse(name, value);
+  }
+
+  typedef FieldDescriptorProto_Label Label;
+  static constexpr Label LABEL_OPTIONAL =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Label_LABEL_OPTIONAL;
+  static constexpr Label LABEL_REQUIRED =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Label_LABEL_REQUIRED;
+  static constexpr Label LABEL_REPEATED =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Label_LABEL_REPEATED;
+  static inline bool Label_IsValid(int value) {
+    return FieldDescriptorProto_Label_IsValid(value);
+  }
+  static constexpr Label Label_MIN =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Label_Label_MIN;
+  static constexpr Label Label_MAX =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Label_Label_MAX;
+  static constexpr int Label_ARRAYSIZE =
+    FieldDescriptorProto_Label_Label_ARRAYSIZE;
+  static inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor*
+  Label_descriptor() {
+    return FieldDescriptorProto_Label_descriptor();
+  }
+  template<typename T>
+  static inline const std::string& Label_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+    static_assert(::std::is_same<T, Label>::value ||
+      ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+      "Incorrect type passed to function Label_Name.");
+    return FieldDescriptorProto_Label_Name(enum_t_value);
+  }
+  static inline bool Label_Parse(const std::string& name,
+      Label* value) {
+    return FieldDescriptorProto_Label_Parse(name, value);
+  }
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kExtendeeFieldNumber = 2,
+    kTypeNameFieldNumber = 6,
+    kDefaultValueFieldNumber = 7,
+    kJsonNameFieldNumber = 10,
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 8,
+    kNumberFieldNumber = 3,
+    kOneofIndexFieldNumber = 9,
+    kLabelFieldNumber = 4,
+    kTypeFieldNumber = 5,
+  };
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  bool has_name() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_name() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string extendee = 2;
+  bool has_extendee() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_extendee() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_extendee();
+  const std::string& extendee() const;
+  void set_extendee(const std::string& value);
+  void set_extendee(std::string&& value);
+  void set_extendee(const char* value);
+  void set_extendee(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_extendee();
+  std::string* release_extendee();
+  void set_allocated_extendee(std::string* extendee);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_extendee();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_extendee(
+      std::string* extendee);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_extendee() const;
+  void _internal_set_extendee(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_extendee();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string type_name = 6;
+  bool has_type_name() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_type_name() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_type_name();
+  const std::string& type_name() const;
+  void set_type_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_type_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_type_name(const char* value);
+  void set_type_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_type_name();
+  std::string* release_type_name();
+  void set_allocated_type_name(std::string* type_name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_type_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_type_name(
+      std::string* type_name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_type_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_type_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_type_name();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string default_value = 7;
+  bool has_default_value() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_default_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_default_value();
+  const std::string& default_value() const;
+  void set_default_value(const std::string& value);
+  void set_default_value(std::string&& value);
+  void set_default_value(const char* value);
+  void set_default_value(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_default_value();
+  std::string* release_default_value();
+  void set_allocated_default_value(std::string* default_value);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_default_value();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_default_value(
+      std::string* default_value);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_default_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_default_value(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_default_value();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string json_name = 10;
+  bool has_json_name() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_json_name() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_json_name();
+  const std::string& json_name() const;
+  void set_json_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_json_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_json_name(const char* value);
+  void set_json_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_json_name();
+  std::string* release_json_name();
+  void set_allocated_json_name(std::string* json_name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_json_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_json_name(
+      std::string* json_name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_json_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_json_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_json_name();
+  public:
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions options = 8;
+  bool has_options() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_options() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions& options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* release_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* mutable_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* options);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions& _internal_options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* _internal_mutable_options();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* options);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* unsafe_arena_release_options();
+
+  // optional int32 number = 3;
+  bool has_number() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_number() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_number();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 number() const;
+  void set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_number() const;
+  void _internal_set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional int32 oneof_index = 9;
+  bool has_oneof_index() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_oneof_index() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_oneof_index();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 oneof_index() const;
+  void set_oneof_index(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_oneof_index() const;
+  void _internal_set_oneof_index(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Label label = 4;
+  bool has_label() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_label() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_label();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label label() const;
+  void set_label(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label value);
+  private:
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label _internal_label() const;
+  void _internal_set_label(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Type type = 5;
+  bool has_type() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_type() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_type();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type type() const;
+  void set_type(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type value);
+  private:
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type _internal_type() const;
+  void _internal_set_type(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr extendee_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr type_name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr default_value_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr json_name_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* options_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 number_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 oneof_index_;
+  int label_;
+  int type_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT OneofDescriptorProto :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto) */ {
+ public:
+  OneofDescriptorProto();
+  virtual ~OneofDescriptorProto();
+
+  OneofDescriptorProto(const OneofDescriptorProto& from);
+  OneofDescriptorProto(OneofDescriptorProto&& from) noexcept
+    : OneofDescriptorProto() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline OneofDescriptorProto& operator=(const OneofDescriptorProto& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline OneofDescriptorProto& operator=(OneofDescriptorProto&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const OneofDescriptorProto& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const OneofDescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const OneofDescriptorProto*>(
+               &_OneofDescriptorProto_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    7;
+
+  friend void swap(OneofDescriptorProto& a, OneofDescriptorProto& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(OneofDescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(OneofDescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline OneofDescriptorProto* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<OneofDescriptorProto>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  OneofDescriptorProto* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<OneofDescriptorProto>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const OneofDescriptorProto& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const OneofDescriptorProto& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(OneofDescriptorProto* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit OneofDescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 2,
+  };
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  bool has_name() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_name() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.OneofOptions options = 2;
+  bool has_options() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_options() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions& options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* release_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* mutable_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* options);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions& _internal_options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* _internal_mutable_options();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* options);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* unsafe_arena_release_options();
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* options_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange) */ {
+ public:
+  EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange();
+  virtual ~EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange();
+
+  EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange(const EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& from);
+  EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange(EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange&& from) noexcept
+    : EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& operator=(const EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& operator=(EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange*>(
+               &_EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    8;
+
+  friend void swap(EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& a, EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kStartFieldNumber = 1,
+    kEndFieldNumber = 2,
+  };
+  // optional int32 start = 1;
+  bool has_start() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_start() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_start();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 start() const;
+  void set_start(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_start() const;
+  void _internal_set_start(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional int32 end = 2;
+  bool has_end() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_end() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_end();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 end() const;
+  void set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_end() const;
+  void _internal_set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 start_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 end_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumDescriptorProto :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto) */ {
+ public:
+  EnumDescriptorProto();
+  virtual ~EnumDescriptorProto();
+
+  EnumDescriptorProto(const EnumDescriptorProto& from);
+  EnumDescriptorProto(EnumDescriptorProto&& from) noexcept
+    : EnumDescriptorProto() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline EnumDescriptorProto& operator=(const EnumDescriptorProto& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline EnumDescriptorProto& operator=(EnumDescriptorProto&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const EnumDescriptorProto& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const EnumDescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const EnumDescriptorProto*>(
+               &_EnumDescriptorProto_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    9;
+
+  friend void swap(EnumDescriptorProto& a, EnumDescriptorProto& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(EnumDescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(EnumDescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline EnumDescriptorProto* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<EnumDescriptorProto>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  EnumDescriptorProto* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<EnumDescriptorProto>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const EnumDescriptorProto& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const EnumDescriptorProto& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(EnumDescriptorProto* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit EnumDescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  typedef EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange EnumReservedRange;
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kValueFieldNumber = 2,
+    kReservedRangeFieldNumber = 4,
+    kReservedNameFieldNumber = 5,
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 3,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;
+  int value_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_value_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_value();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto* mutable_value(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto >*
+      mutable_value();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto& _internal_value(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto* _internal_add_value();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto& value(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto* add_value();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto >&
+      value() const;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange reserved_range = 4;
+  int reserved_range_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_reserved_range_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_reserved_range();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* mutable_reserved_range(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange >*
+      mutable_reserved_range();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& _internal_reserved_range(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* _internal_add_reserved_range();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& reserved_range(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* add_reserved_range();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange >&
+      reserved_range() const;
+
+  // repeated string reserved_name = 5;
+  int reserved_name_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_reserved_name_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_reserved_name();
+  const std::string& reserved_name(int index) const;
+  std::string* mutable_reserved_name(int index);
+  void set_reserved_name(int index, const std::string& value);
+  void set_reserved_name(int index, std::string&& value);
+  void set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value);
+  void set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* add_reserved_name();
+  void add_reserved_name(const std::string& value);
+  void add_reserved_name(std::string&& value);
+  void add_reserved_name(const char* value);
+  void add_reserved_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& reserved_name() const;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* mutable_reserved_name();
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_reserved_name(int index) const;
+  std::string* _internal_add_reserved_name();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  bool has_name() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_name() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.EnumOptions options = 3;
+  bool has_options() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_options() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions& options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* release_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* mutable_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* options);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions& _internal_options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* _internal_mutable_options();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* options);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* unsafe_arena_release_options();
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto > value_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange > reserved_range_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string> reserved_name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* options_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValueDescriptorProto :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto) */ {
+ public:
+  EnumValueDescriptorProto();
+  virtual ~EnumValueDescriptorProto();
+
+  EnumValueDescriptorProto(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& from);
+  EnumValueDescriptorProto(EnumValueDescriptorProto&& from) noexcept
+    : EnumValueDescriptorProto() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline EnumValueDescriptorProto& operator=(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline EnumValueDescriptorProto& operator=(EnumValueDescriptorProto&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const EnumValueDescriptorProto& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const EnumValueDescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const EnumValueDescriptorProto*>(
+               &_EnumValueDescriptorProto_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    10;
+
+  friend void swap(EnumValueDescriptorProto& a, EnumValueDescriptorProto& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(EnumValueDescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(EnumValueDescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline EnumValueDescriptorProto* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<EnumValueDescriptorProto>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  EnumValueDescriptorProto* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<EnumValueDescriptorProto>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(EnumValueDescriptorProto* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit EnumValueDescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 3,
+    kNumberFieldNumber = 2,
+  };
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  bool has_name() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_name() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions options = 3;
+  bool has_options() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_options() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions& options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* release_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* mutable_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* options);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions& _internal_options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* _internal_mutable_options();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* options);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* unsafe_arena_release_options();
+
+  // optional int32 number = 2;
+  bool has_number() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_number() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_number();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 number() const;
+  void set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_number() const;
+  void _internal_set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* options_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 number_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceDescriptorProto :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto) */ {
+ public:
+  ServiceDescriptorProto();
+  virtual ~ServiceDescriptorProto();
+
+  ServiceDescriptorProto(const ServiceDescriptorProto& from);
+  ServiceDescriptorProto(ServiceDescriptorProto&& from) noexcept
+    : ServiceDescriptorProto() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline ServiceDescriptorProto& operator=(const ServiceDescriptorProto& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline ServiceDescriptorProto& operator=(ServiceDescriptorProto&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const ServiceDescriptorProto& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const ServiceDescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const ServiceDescriptorProto*>(
+               &_ServiceDescriptorProto_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    11;
+
+  friend void swap(ServiceDescriptorProto& a, ServiceDescriptorProto& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(ServiceDescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(ServiceDescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline ServiceDescriptorProto* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<ServiceDescriptorProto>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  ServiceDescriptorProto* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<ServiceDescriptorProto>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const ServiceDescriptorProto& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ServiceDescriptorProto& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(ServiceDescriptorProto* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit ServiceDescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kMethodFieldNumber = 2,
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 3,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;
+  int method_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_method_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_method();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto* mutable_method(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto >*
+      mutable_method();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto& _internal_method(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto* _internal_add_method();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto& method(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto* add_method();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto >&
+      method() const;
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  bool has_name() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_name() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.ServiceOptions options = 3;
+  bool has_options() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_options() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions& options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* release_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* mutable_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* options);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions& _internal_options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* _internal_mutable_options();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* options);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* unsafe_arena_release_options();
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto > method_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* options_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodDescriptorProto :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto) */ {
+ public:
+  MethodDescriptorProto();
+  virtual ~MethodDescriptorProto();
+
+  MethodDescriptorProto(const MethodDescriptorProto& from);
+  MethodDescriptorProto(MethodDescriptorProto&& from) noexcept
+    : MethodDescriptorProto() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline MethodDescriptorProto& operator=(const MethodDescriptorProto& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline MethodDescriptorProto& operator=(MethodDescriptorProto&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const MethodDescriptorProto& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const MethodDescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const MethodDescriptorProto*>(
+               &_MethodDescriptorProto_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    12;
+
+  friend void swap(MethodDescriptorProto& a, MethodDescriptorProto& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(MethodDescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(MethodDescriptorProto* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline MethodDescriptorProto* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<MethodDescriptorProto>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  MethodDescriptorProto* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<MethodDescriptorProto>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const MethodDescriptorProto& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const MethodDescriptorProto& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(MethodDescriptorProto* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit MethodDescriptorProto(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kInputTypeFieldNumber = 2,
+    kOutputTypeFieldNumber = 3,
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 4,
+    kClientStreamingFieldNumber = 5,
+    kServerStreamingFieldNumber = 6,
+  };
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  bool has_name() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_name() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string input_type = 2;
+  bool has_input_type() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_input_type() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_input_type();
+  const std::string& input_type() const;
+  void set_input_type(const std::string& value);
+  void set_input_type(std::string&& value);
+  void set_input_type(const char* value);
+  void set_input_type(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_input_type();
+  std::string* release_input_type();
+  void set_allocated_input_type(std::string* input_type);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_input_type();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_input_type(
+      std::string* input_type);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_input_type() const;
+  void _internal_set_input_type(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_input_type();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string output_type = 3;
+  bool has_output_type() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_output_type() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_output_type();
+  const std::string& output_type() const;
+  void set_output_type(const std::string& value);
+  void set_output_type(std::string&& value);
+  void set_output_type(const char* value);
+  void set_output_type(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_output_type();
+  std::string* release_output_type();
+  void set_allocated_output_type(std::string* output_type);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_output_type();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_output_type(
+      std::string* output_type);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_output_type() const;
+  void _internal_set_output_type(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_output_type();
+  public:
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions options = 4;
+  bool has_options() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_options() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions& options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* release_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* mutable_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* options);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions& _internal_options() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* _internal_mutable_options();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_options(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* options);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* unsafe_arena_release_options();
+
+  // optional bool client_streaming = 5 [default = false];
+  bool has_client_streaming() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_client_streaming() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_client_streaming();
+  bool client_streaming() const;
+  void set_client_streaming(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_client_streaming() const;
+  void _internal_set_client_streaming(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool server_streaming = 6 [default = false];
+  bool has_server_streaming() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_server_streaming() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_server_streaming();
+  bool server_streaming() const;
+  void set_server_streaming(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_server_streaming() const;
+  void _internal_set_server_streaming(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr input_type_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr output_type_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* options_;
+  bool client_streaming_;
+  bool server_streaming_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FileOptions :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.FileOptions) */ {
+ public:
+  FileOptions();
+  virtual ~FileOptions();
+
+  FileOptions(const FileOptions& from);
+  FileOptions(FileOptions&& from) noexcept
+    : FileOptions() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline FileOptions& operator=(const FileOptions& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline FileOptions& operator=(FileOptions&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const FileOptions& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const FileOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const FileOptions*>(
+               &_FileOptions_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    13;
+
+  friend void swap(FileOptions& a, FileOptions& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(FileOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(FileOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline FileOptions* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<FileOptions>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  FileOptions* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<FileOptions>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const FileOptions& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const FileOptions& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(FileOptions* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.FileOptions";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit FileOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  typedef FileOptions_OptimizeMode OptimizeMode;
+  static constexpr OptimizeMode SPEED =
+    FileOptions_OptimizeMode_SPEED;
+  static constexpr OptimizeMode CODE_SIZE =
+    FileOptions_OptimizeMode_CODE_SIZE;
+  static constexpr OptimizeMode LITE_RUNTIME =
+    FileOptions_OptimizeMode_LITE_RUNTIME;
+  static inline bool OptimizeMode_IsValid(int value) {
+    return FileOptions_OptimizeMode_IsValid(value);
+  }
+  static constexpr OptimizeMode OptimizeMode_MIN =
+    FileOptions_OptimizeMode_OptimizeMode_MIN;
+  static constexpr OptimizeMode OptimizeMode_MAX =
+    FileOptions_OptimizeMode_OptimizeMode_MAX;
+  static constexpr int OptimizeMode_ARRAYSIZE =
+    FileOptions_OptimizeMode_OptimizeMode_ARRAYSIZE;
+  static inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor*
+  OptimizeMode_descriptor() {
+    return FileOptions_OptimizeMode_descriptor();
+  }
+  template<typename T>
+  static inline const std::string& OptimizeMode_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+    static_assert(::std::is_same<T, OptimizeMode>::value ||
+      ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+      "Incorrect type passed to function OptimizeMode_Name.");
+    return FileOptions_OptimizeMode_Name(enum_t_value);
+  }
+  static inline bool OptimizeMode_Parse(const std::string& name,
+      OptimizeMode* value) {
+    return FileOptions_OptimizeMode_Parse(name, value);
+  }
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999,
+    kJavaPackageFieldNumber = 1,
+    kJavaOuterClassnameFieldNumber = 8,
+    kGoPackageFieldNumber = 11,
+    kObjcClassPrefixFieldNumber = 36,
+    kCsharpNamespaceFieldNumber = 37,
+    kSwiftPrefixFieldNumber = 39,
+    kPhpClassPrefixFieldNumber = 40,
+    kPhpNamespaceFieldNumber = 41,
+    kPhpMetadataNamespaceFieldNumber = 44,
+    kRubyPackageFieldNumber = 45,
+    kJavaMultipleFilesFieldNumber = 10,
+    kJavaGenerateEqualsAndHashFieldNumber = 20,
+    kJavaStringCheckUtf8FieldNumber = 27,
+    kCcGenericServicesFieldNumber = 16,
+    kJavaGenericServicesFieldNumber = 17,
+    kPyGenericServicesFieldNumber = 18,
+    kPhpGenericServicesFieldNumber = 42,
+    kDeprecatedFieldNumber = 23,
+    kCcEnableArenasFieldNumber = 31,
+    kOptimizeForFieldNumber = 9,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+      mutable_uninterpreted_option();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& _internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+      uninterpreted_option() const;
+
+  // optional string java_package = 1;
+  bool has_java_package() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_java_package() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_java_package();
+  const std::string& java_package() const;
+  void set_java_package(const std::string& value);
+  void set_java_package(std::string&& value);
+  void set_java_package(const char* value);
+  void set_java_package(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_java_package();
+  std::string* release_java_package();
+  void set_allocated_java_package(std::string* java_package);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_java_package();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_java_package(
+      std::string* java_package);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_java_package() const;
+  void _internal_set_java_package(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_java_package();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string java_outer_classname = 8;
+  bool has_java_outer_classname() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_java_outer_classname() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_java_outer_classname();
+  const std::string& java_outer_classname() const;
+  void set_java_outer_classname(const std::string& value);
+  void set_java_outer_classname(std::string&& value);
+  void set_java_outer_classname(const char* value);
+  void set_java_outer_classname(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_java_outer_classname();
+  std::string* release_java_outer_classname();
+  void set_allocated_java_outer_classname(std::string* java_outer_classname);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_java_outer_classname();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_java_outer_classname(
+      std::string* java_outer_classname);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_java_outer_classname() const;
+  void _internal_set_java_outer_classname(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_java_outer_classname();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string go_package = 11;
+  bool has_go_package() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_go_package() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_go_package();
+  const std::string& go_package() const;
+  void set_go_package(const std::string& value);
+  void set_go_package(std::string&& value);
+  void set_go_package(const char* value);
+  void set_go_package(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_go_package();
+  std::string* release_go_package();
+  void set_allocated_go_package(std::string* go_package);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_go_package();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_go_package(
+      std::string* go_package);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_go_package() const;
+  void _internal_set_go_package(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_go_package();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
+  bool has_objc_class_prefix() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_objc_class_prefix() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_objc_class_prefix();
+  const std::string& objc_class_prefix() const;
+  void set_objc_class_prefix(const std::string& value);
+  void set_objc_class_prefix(std::string&& value);
+  void set_objc_class_prefix(const char* value);
+  void set_objc_class_prefix(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_objc_class_prefix();
+  std::string* release_objc_class_prefix();
+  void set_allocated_objc_class_prefix(std::string* objc_class_prefix);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_objc_class_prefix();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_objc_class_prefix(
+      std::string* objc_class_prefix);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_objc_class_prefix() const;
+  void _internal_set_objc_class_prefix(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_objc_class_prefix();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
+  bool has_csharp_namespace() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_csharp_namespace() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_csharp_namespace();
+  const std::string& csharp_namespace() const;
+  void set_csharp_namespace(const std::string& value);
+  void set_csharp_namespace(std::string&& value);
+  void set_csharp_namespace(const char* value);
+  void set_csharp_namespace(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_csharp_namespace();
+  std::string* release_csharp_namespace();
+  void set_allocated_csharp_namespace(std::string* csharp_namespace);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_csharp_namespace();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_csharp_namespace(
+      std::string* csharp_namespace);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_csharp_namespace() const;
+  void _internal_set_csharp_namespace(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_csharp_namespace();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string swift_prefix = 39;
+  bool has_swift_prefix() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_swift_prefix() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_swift_prefix();
+  const std::string& swift_prefix() const;
+  void set_swift_prefix(const std::string& value);
+  void set_swift_prefix(std::string&& value);
+  void set_swift_prefix(const char* value);
+  void set_swift_prefix(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_swift_prefix();
+  std::string* release_swift_prefix();
+  void set_allocated_swift_prefix(std::string* swift_prefix);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_swift_prefix();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_swift_prefix(
+      std::string* swift_prefix);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_swift_prefix() const;
+  void _internal_set_swift_prefix(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_swift_prefix();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string php_class_prefix = 40;
+  bool has_php_class_prefix() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_php_class_prefix() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_php_class_prefix();
+  const std::string& php_class_prefix() const;
+  void set_php_class_prefix(const std::string& value);
+  void set_php_class_prefix(std::string&& value);
+  void set_php_class_prefix(const char* value);
+  void set_php_class_prefix(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_php_class_prefix();
+  std::string* release_php_class_prefix();
+  void set_allocated_php_class_prefix(std::string* php_class_prefix);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_php_class_prefix();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_php_class_prefix(
+      std::string* php_class_prefix);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_php_class_prefix() const;
+  void _internal_set_php_class_prefix(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_php_class_prefix();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string php_namespace = 41;
+  bool has_php_namespace() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_php_namespace() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_php_namespace();
+  const std::string& php_namespace() const;
+  void set_php_namespace(const std::string& value);
+  void set_php_namespace(std::string&& value);
+  void set_php_namespace(const char* value);
+  void set_php_namespace(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_php_namespace();
+  std::string* release_php_namespace();
+  void set_allocated_php_namespace(std::string* php_namespace);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_php_namespace();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_php_namespace(
+      std::string* php_namespace);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_php_namespace() const;
+  void _internal_set_php_namespace(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_php_namespace();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string php_metadata_namespace = 44;
+  bool has_php_metadata_namespace() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_php_metadata_namespace() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_php_metadata_namespace();
+  const std::string& php_metadata_namespace() const;
+  void set_php_metadata_namespace(const std::string& value);
+  void set_php_metadata_namespace(std::string&& value);
+  void set_php_metadata_namespace(const char* value);
+  void set_php_metadata_namespace(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_php_metadata_namespace();
+  std::string* release_php_metadata_namespace();
+  void set_allocated_php_metadata_namespace(std::string* php_metadata_namespace);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_php_metadata_namespace();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_php_metadata_namespace(
+      std::string* php_metadata_namespace);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_php_metadata_namespace() const;
+  void _internal_set_php_metadata_namespace(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_php_metadata_namespace();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string ruby_package = 45;
+  bool has_ruby_package() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_ruby_package() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_ruby_package();
+  const std::string& ruby_package() const;
+  void set_ruby_package(const std::string& value);
+  void set_ruby_package(std::string&& value);
+  void set_ruby_package(const char* value);
+  void set_ruby_package(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_ruby_package();
+  std::string* release_ruby_package();
+  void set_allocated_ruby_package(std::string* ruby_package);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_ruby_package();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_ruby_package(
+      std::string* ruby_package);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_ruby_package() const;
+  void _internal_set_ruby_package(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_ruby_package();
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default = false];
+  bool has_java_multiple_files() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_java_multiple_files() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_java_multiple_files();
+  bool java_multiple_files() const;
+  void set_java_multiple_files(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_java_multiple_files() const;
+  void _internal_set_java_multiple_files(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [deprecated = true];
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED bool has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() const;
+  public:
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void clear_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED bool java_generate_equals_and_hash() const;
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void set_java_generate_equals_and_hash(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_java_generate_equals_and_hash() const;
+  void _internal_set_java_generate_equals_and_hash(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];
+  bool has_java_string_check_utf8() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_java_string_check_utf8() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_java_string_check_utf8();
+  bool java_string_check_utf8() const;
+  void set_java_string_check_utf8(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_java_string_check_utf8() const;
+  void _internal_set_java_string_check_utf8(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default = false];
+  bool has_cc_generic_services() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_cc_generic_services() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_cc_generic_services();
+  bool cc_generic_services() const;
+  void set_cc_generic_services(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_cc_generic_services() const;
+  void _internal_set_cc_generic_services(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];
+  bool has_java_generic_services() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_java_generic_services() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_java_generic_services();
+  bool java_generic_services() const;
+  void set_java_generic_services(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_java_generic_services() const;
+  void _internal_set_java_generic_services(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default = false];
+  bool has_py_generic_services() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_py_generic_services() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_py_generic_services();
+  bool py_generic_services() const;
+  void set_py_generic_services(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_py_generic_services() const;
+  void _internal_set_py_generic_services(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool php_generic_services = 42 [default = false];
+  bool has_php_generic_services() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_php_generic_services() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_php_generic_services();
+  bool php_generic_services() const;
+  void set_php_generic_services(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_php_generic_services() const;
+  void _internal_set_php_generic_services(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];
+  bool has_deprecated() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_deprecated() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_deprecated();
+  bool deprecated() const;
+  void set_deprecated(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_deprecated() const;
+  void _internal_set_deprecated(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool cc_enable_arenas = 31 [default = false];
+  bool has_cc_enable_arenas() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_cc_enable_arenas() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_cc_enable_arenas();
+  bool cc_enable_arenas() const;
+  void set_cc_enable_arenas(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_cc_enable_arenas() const;
+  void _internal_set_cc_enable_arenas(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default = SPEED];
+  bool has_optimize_for() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_optimize_for() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_optimize_for();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode optimize_for() const;
+  void set_optimize_for(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode value);
+  private:
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode _internal_optimize_for() const;
+  void _internal_set_optimize_for(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode value);
+  public:
+
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(FileOptions)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr java_package_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr java_outer_classname_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr go_package_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr objc_class_prefix_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr csharp_namespace_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr swift_prefix_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr php_class_prefix_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr php_namespace_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr php_metadata_namespace_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr ruby_package_;
+  bool java_multiple_files_;
+  bool java_generate_equals_and_hash_;
+  bool java_string_check_utf8_;
+  bool cc_generic_services_;
+  bool java_generic_services_;
+  bool py_generic_services_;
+  bool php_generic_services_;
+  bool deprecated_;
+  bool cc_enable_arenas_;
+  int optimize_for_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageOptions :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.MessageOptions) */ {
+ public:
+  MessageOptions();
+  virtual ~MessageOptions();
+
+  MessageOptions(const MessageOptions& from);
+  MessageOptions(MessageOptions&& from) noexcept
+    : MessageOptions() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline MessageOptions& operator=(const MessageOptions& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline MessageOptions& operator=(MessageOptions&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const MessageOptions& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const MessageOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const MessageOptions*>(
+               &_MessageOptions_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    14;
+
+  friend void swap(MessageOptions& a, MessageOptions& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(MessageOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(MessageOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline MessageOptions* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<MessageOptions>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  MessageOptions* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<MessageOptions>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const MessageOptions& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const MessageOptions& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(MessageOptions* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.MessageOptions";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit MessageOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999,
+    kMessageSetWireFormatFieldNumber = 1,
+    kNoStandardDescriptorAccessorFieldNumber = 2,
+    kDeprecatedFieldNumber = 3,
+    kMapEntryFieldNumber = 7,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+      mutable_uninterpreted_option();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& _internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+      uninterpreted_option() const;
+
+  // optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default = false];
+  bool has_message_set_wire_format() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_message_set_wire_format() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_message_set_wire_format();
+  bool message_set_wire_format() const;
+  void set_message_set_wire_format(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_message_set_wire_format() const;
+  void _internal_set_message_set_wire_format(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor = 2 [default = false];
+  bool has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_no_standard_descriptor_accessor();
+  bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const;
+  void set_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const;
+  void _internal_set_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+  bool has_deprecated() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_deprecated() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_deprecated();
+  bool deprecated() const;
+  void set_deprecated(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_deprecated() const;
+  void _internal_set_deprecated(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool map_entry = 7;
+  bool has_map_entry() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_map_entry() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_map_entry();
+  bool map_entry() const;
+  void set_map_entry(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_map_entry() const;
+  void _internal_set_map_entry(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(MessageOptions)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
+  bool message_set_wire_format_;
+  bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor_;
+  bool deprecated_;
+  bool map_entry_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldOptions :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.FieldOptions) */ {
+ public:
+  FieldOptions();
+  virtual ~FieldOptions();
+
+  FieldOptions(const FieldOptions& from);
+  FieldOptions(FieldOptions&& from) noexcept
+    : FieldOptions() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline FieldOptions& operator=(const FieldOptions& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline FieldOptions& operator=(FieldOptions&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const FieldOptions& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const FieldOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const FieldOptions*>(
+               &_FieldOptions_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    15;
+
+  friend void swap(FieldOptions& a, FieldOptions& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(FieldOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(FieldOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline FieldOptions* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<FieldOptions>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  FieldOptions* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<FieldOptions>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const FieldOptions& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const FieldOptions& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(FieldOptions* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.FieldOptions";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit FieldOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  typedef FieldOptions_CType CType;
+  static constexpr CType STRING =
+    FieldOptions_CType_STRING;
+  static constexpr CType CORD =
+    FieldOptions_CType_CORD;
+  static constexpr CType STRING_PIECE =
+    FieldOptions_CType_STRING_PIECE;
+  static inline bool CType_IsValid(int value) {
+    return FieldOptions_CType_IsValid(value);
+  }
+  static constexpr CType CType_MIN =
+    FieldOptions_CType_CType_MIN;
+  static constexpr CType CType_MAX =
+    FieldOptions_CType_CType_MAX;
+  static constexpr int CType_ARRAYSIZE =
+    FieldOptions_CType_CType_ARRAYSIZE;
+  static inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor*
+  CType_descriptor() {
+    return FieldOptions_CType_descriptor();
+  }
+  template<typename T>
+  static inline const std::string& CType_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+    static_assert(::std::is_same<T, CType>::value ||
+      ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+      "Incorrect type passed to function CType_Name.");
+    return FieldOptions_CType_Name(enum_t_value);
+  }
+  static inline bool CType_Parse(const std::string& name,
+      CType* value) {
+    return FieldOptions_CType_Parse(name, value);
+  }
+
+  typedef FieldOptions_JSType JSType;
+  static constexpr JSType JS_NORMAL =
+    FieldOptions_JSType_JS_NORMAL;
+  static constexpr JSType JS_STRING =
+    FieldOptions_JSType_JS_STRING;
+  static constexpr JSType JS_NUMBER =
+    FieldOptions_JSType_JS_NUMBER;
+  static inline bool JSType_IsValid(int value) {
+    return FieldOptions_JSType_IsValid(value);
+  }
+  static constexpr JSType JSType_MIN =
+    FieldOptions_JSType_JSType_MIN;
+  static constexpr JSType JSType_MAX =
+    FieldOptions_JSType_JSType_MAX;
+  static constexpr int JSType_ARRAYSIZE =
+    FieldOptions_JSType_JSType_ARRAYSIZE;
+  static inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor*
+  JSType_descriptor() {
+    return FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor();
+  }
+  template<typename T>
+  static inline const std::string& JSType_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+    static_assert(::std::is_same<T, JSType>::value ||
+      ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+      "Incorrect type passed to function JSType_Name.");
+    return FieldOptions_JSType_Name(enum_t_value);
+  }
+  static inline bool JSType_Parse(const std::string& name,
+      JSType* value) {
+    return FieldOptions_JSType_Parse(name, value);
+  }
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999,
+    kCtypeFieldNumber = 1,
+    kPackedFieldNumber = 2,
+    kLazyFieldNumber = 5,
+    kDeprecatedFieldNumber = 3,
+    kWeakFieldNumber = 10,
+    kJstypeFieldNumber = 6,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+      mutable_uninterpreted_option();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& _internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+      uninterpreted_option() const;
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];
+  bool has_ctype() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_ctype() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_ctype();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType ctype() const;
+  void set_ctype(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType value);
+  private:
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType _internal_ctype() const;
+  void _internal_set_ctype(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool packed = 2;
+  bool has_packed() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_packed() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_packed();
+  bool packed() const;
+  void set_packed(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_packed() const;
+  void _internal_set_packed(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool lazy = 5 [default = false];
+  bool has_lazy() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_lazy() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_lazy();
+  bool lazy() const;
+  void set_lazy(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_lazy() const;
+  void _internal_set_lazy(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+  bool has_deprecated() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_deprecated() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_deprecated();
+  bool deprecated() const;
+  void set_deprecated(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_deprecated() const;
+  void _internal_set_deprecated(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool weak = 10 [default = false];
+  bool has_weak() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_weak() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_weak();
+  bool weak() const;
+  void set_weak(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_weak() const;
+  void _internal_set_weak(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];
+  bool has_jstype() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_jstype() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_jstype();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType jstype() const;
+  void set_jstype(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType value);
+  private:
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType _internal_jstype() const;
+  void _internal_set_jstype(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType value);
+  public:
+
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(FieldOptions)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
+  int ctype_;
+  bool packed_;
+  bool lazy_;
+  bool deprecated_;
+  bool weak_;
+  int jstype_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT OneofOptions :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.OneofOptions) */ {
+ public:
+  OneofOptions();
+  virtual ~OneofOptions();
+
+  OneofOptions(const OneofOptions& from);
+  OneofOptions(OneofOptions&& from) noexcept
+    : OneofOptions() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline OneofOptions& operator=(const OneofOptions& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline OneofOptions& operator=(OneofOptions&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const OneofOptions& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const OneofOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const OneofOptions*>(
+               &_OneofOptions_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    16;
+
+  friend void swap(OneofOptions& a, OneofOptions& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(OneofOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(OneofOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline OneofOptions* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<OneofOptions>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  OneofOptions* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<OneofOptions>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const OneofOptions& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const OneofOptions& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(OneofOptions* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.OneofOptions";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit OneofOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+      mutable_uninterpreted_option();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& _internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+      uninterpreted_option() const;
+
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(OneofOptions)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumOptions :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.EnumOptions) */ {
+ public:
+  EnumOptions();
+  virtual ~EnumOptions();
+
+  EnumOptions(const EnumOptions& from);
+  EnumOptions(EnumOptions&& from) noexcept
+    : EnumOptions() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline EnumOptions& operator=(const EnumOptions& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline EnumOptions& operator=(EnumOptions&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const EnumOptions& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const EnumOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const EnumOptions*>(
+               &_EnumOptions_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    17;
+
+  friend void swap(EnumOptions& a, EnumOptions& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(EnumOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(EnumOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline EnumOptions* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<EnumOptions>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  EnumOptions* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<EnumOptions>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const EnumOptions& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const EnumOptions& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(EnumOptions* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.EnumOptions";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit EnumOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999,
+    kAllowAliasFieldNumber = 2,
+    kDeprecatedFieldNumber = 3,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+      mutable_uninterpreted_option();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& _internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+      uninterpreted_option() const;
+
+  // optional bool allow_alias = 2;
+  bool has_allow_alias() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_allow_alias() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_allow_alias();
+  bool allow_alias() const;
+  void set_allow_alias(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_allow_alias() const;
+  void _internal_set_allow_alias(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+  bool has_deprecated() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_deprecated() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_deprecated();
+  bool deprecated() const;
+  void set_deprecated(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_deprecated() const;
+  void _internal_set_deprecated(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(EnumOptions)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
+  bool allow_alias_;
+  bool deprecated_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValueOptions :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions) */ {
+ public:
+  EnumValueOptions();
+  virtual ~EnumValueOptions();
+
+  EnumValueOptions(const EnumValueOptions& from);
+  EnumValueOptions(EnumValueOptions&& from) noexcept
+    : EnumValueOptions() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline EnumValueOptions& operator=(const EnumValueOptions& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline EnumValueOptions& operator=(EnumValueOptions&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const EnumValueOptions& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const EnumValueOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const EnumValueOptions*>(
+               &_EnumValueOptions_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    18;
+
+  friend void swap(EnumValueOptions& a, EnumValueOptions& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(EnumValueOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(EnumValueOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline EnumValueOptions* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<EnumValueOptions>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  EnumValueOptions* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<EnumValueOptions>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const EnumValueOptions& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const EnumValueOptions& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(EnumValueOptions* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit EnumValueOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999,
+    kDeprecatedFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+      mutable_uninterpreted_option();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& _internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+      uninterpreted_option() const;
+
+  // optional bool deprecated = 1 [default = false];
+  bool has_deprecated() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_deprecated() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_deprecated();
+  bool deprecated() const;
+  void set_deprecated(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_deprecated() const;
+  void _internal_set_deprecated(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(EnumValueOptions)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
+  bool deprecated_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceOptions :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions) */ {
+ public:
+  ServiceOptions();
+  virtual ~ServiceOptions();
+
+  ServiceOptions(const ServiceOptions& from);
+  ServiceOptions(ServiceOptions&& from) noexcept
+    : ServiceOptions() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline ServiceOptions& operator=(const ServiceOptions& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline ServiceOptions& operator=(ServiceOptions&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const ServiceOptions& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const ServiceOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const ServiceOptions*>(
+               &_ServiceOptions_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    19;
+
+  friend void swap(ServiceOptions& a, ServiceOptions& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(ServiceOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(ServiceOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline ServiceOptions* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<ServiceOptions>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  ServiceOptions* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<ServiceOptions>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const ServiceOptions& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ServiceOptions& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(ServiceOptions* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.ServiceOptions";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit ServiceOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999,
+    kDeprecatedFieldNumber = 33,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+      mutable_uninterpreted_option();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& _internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+      uninterpreted_option() const;
+
+  // optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
+  bool has_deprecated() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_deprecated() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_deprecated();
+  bool deprecated() const;
+  void set_deprecated(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_deprecated() const;
+  void _internal_set_deprecated(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(ServiceOptions)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
+  bool deprecated_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodOptions :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.MethodOptions) */ {
+ public:
+  MethodOptions();
+  virtual ~MethodOptions();
+
+  MethodOptions(const MethodOptions& from);
+  MethodOptions(MethodOptions&& from) noexcept
+    : MethodOptions() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline MethodOptions& operator=(const MethodOptions& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline MethodOptions& operator=(MethodOptions&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const MethodOptions& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const MethodOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const MethodOptions*>(
+               &_MethodOptions_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    20;
+
+  friend void swap(MethodOptions& a, MethodOptions& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(MethodOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(MethodOptions* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline MethodOptions* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<MethodOptions>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  MethodOptions* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<MethodOptions>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const MethodOptions& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const MethodOptions& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(MethodOptions* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.MethodOptions";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit MethodOptions(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  typedef MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel IdempotencyLevel;
+  static constexpr IdempotencyLevel IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN =
+    MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN;
+  static constexpr IdempotencyLevel NO_SIDE_EFFECTS =
+    MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_NO_SIDE_EFFECTS;
+  static constexpr IdempotencyLevel IDEMPOTENT =
+    MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IDEMPOTENT;
+  static inline bool IdempotencyLevel_IsValid(int value) {
+    return MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IsValid(value);
+  }
+  static constexpr IdempotencyLevel IdempotencyLevel_MIN =
+    MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IdempotencyLevel_MIN;
+  static constexpr IdempotencyLevel IdempotencyLevel_MAX =
+    MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IdempotencyLevel_MAX;
+  static constexpr int IdempotencyLevel_ARRAYSIZE =
+    MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IdempotencyLevel_ARRAYSIZE;
+  static inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor*
+  IdempotencyLevel_descriptor() {
+    return MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_descriptor();
+  }
+  template<typename T>
+  static inline const std::string& IdempotencyLevel_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+    static_assert(::std::is_same<T, IdempotencyLevel>::value ||
+      ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+      "Incorrect type passed to function IdempotencyLevel_Name.");
+    return MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_Name(enum_t_value);
+  }
+  static inline bool IdempotencyLevel_Parse(const std::string& name,
+      IdempotencyLevel* value) {
+    return MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_Parse(name, value);
+  }
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999,
+    kDeprecatedFieldNumber = 33,
+    kIdempotencyLevelFieldNumber = 34,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+      mutable_uninterpreted_option();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& _internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+      uninterpreted_option() const;
+
+  // optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
+  bool has_deprecated() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_deprecated() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_deprecated();
+  bool deprecated() const;
+  void set_deprecated(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_deprecated() const;
+  void _internal_set_deprecated(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions.IdempotencyLevel idempotency_level = 34 [default = IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN];
+  bool has_idempotency_level() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_idempotency_level() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_idempotency_level();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel idempotency_level() const;
+  void set_idempotency_level(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel value);
+  private:
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel _internal_idempotency_level() const;
+  void _internal_set_idempotency_level(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel value);
+  public:
+
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(MethodOptions)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
+  bool deprecated_;
+  int idempotency_level_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT UninterpretedOption_NamePart :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart) */ {
+ public:
+  UninterpretedOption_NamePart();
+  virtual ~UninterpretedOption_NamePart();
+
+  UninterpretedOption_NamePart(const UninterpretedOption_NamePart& from);
+  UninterpretedOption_NamePart(UninterpretedOption_NamePart&& from) noexcept
+    : UninterpretedOption_NamePart() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline UninterpretedOption_NamePart& operator=(const UninterpretedOption_NamePart& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline UninterpretedOption_NamePart& operator=(UninterpretedOption_NamePart&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const UninterpretedOption_NamePart& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const UninterpretedOption_NamePart* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const UninterpretedOption_NamePart*>(
+               &_UninterpretedOption_NamePart_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    21;
+
+  friend void swap(UninterpretedOption_NamePart& a, UninterpretedOption_NamePart& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(UninterpretedOption_NamePart* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(UninterpretedOption_NamePart* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline UninterpretedOption_NamePart* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<UninterpretedOption_NamePart>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  UninterpretedOption_NamePart* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<UninterpretedOption_NamePart>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const UninterpretedOption_NamePart& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const UninterpretedOption_NamePart& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(UninterpretedOption_NamePart* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit UninterpretedOption_NamePart(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kNamePartFieldNumber = 1,
+    kIsExtensionFieldNumber = 2,
+  };
+  // required string name_part = 1;
+  bool has_name_part() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_name_part() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_name_part();
+  const std::string& name_part() const;
+  void set_name_part(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name_part(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name_part(const char* value);
+  void set_name_part(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name_part();
+  std::string* release_name_part();
+  void set_allocated_name_part(std::string* name_part);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name_part();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name_part(
+      std::string* name_part);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name_part() const;
+  void _internal_set_name_part(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name_part();
+  public:
+
+  // required bool is_extension = 2;
+  bool has_is_extension() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_is_extension() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_is_extension();
+  bool is_extension() const;
+  void set_is_extension(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_is_extension() const;
+  void _internal_set_is_extension(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  // helper for ByteSizeLong()
+  size_t RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_part_;
+  bool is_extension_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT UninterpretedOption :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption) */ {
+ public:
+  UninterpretedOption();
+  virtual ~UninterpretedOption();
+
+  UninterpretedOption(const UninterpretedOption& from);
+  UninterpretedOption(UninterpretedOption&& from) noexcept
+    : UninterpretedOption() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline UninterpretedOption& operator=(const UninterpretedOption& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline UninterpretedOption& operator=(UninterpretedOption&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const UninterpretedOption& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const UninterpretedOption* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const UninterpretedOption*>(
+               &_UninterpretedOption_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    22;
+
+  friend void swap(UninterpretedOption& a, UninterpretedOption& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(UninterpretedOption* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(UninterpretedOption* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline UninterpretedOption* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<UninterpretedOption>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  UninterpretedOption* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<UninterpretedOption>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const UninterpretedOption& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const UninterpretedOption& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(UninterpretedOption* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit UninterpretedOption(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  typedef UninterpretedOption_NamePart NamePart;
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kNameFieldNumber = 2,
+    kIdentifierValueFieldNumber = 3,
+    kStringValueFieldNumber = 7,
+    kAggregateValueFieldNumber = 8,
+    kPositiveIntValueFieldNumber = 4,
+    kNegativeIntValueFieldNumber = 5,
+    kDoubleValueFieldNumber = 6,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart name = 2;
+  int name_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_name_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_name();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart* mutable_name(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart >*
+      mutable_name();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart& _internal_name(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart* _internal_add_name();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart& name(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart* add_name();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart >&
+      name() const;
+
+  // optional string identifier_value = 3;
+  bool has_identifier_value() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_identifier_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_identifier_value();
+  const std::string& identifier_value() const;
+  void set_identifier_value(const std::string& value);
+  void set_identifier_value(std::string&& value);
+  void set_identifier_value(const char* value);
+  void set_identifier_value(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_identifier_value();
+  std::string* release_identifier_value();
+  void set_allocated_identifier_value(std::string* identifier_value);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_identifier_value();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_identifier_value(
+      std::string* identifier_value);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_identifier_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_identifier_value(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_identifier_value();
+  public:
+
+  // optional bytes string_value = 7;
+  bool has_string_value() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_string_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_string_value();
+  const std::string& string_value() const;
+  void set_string_value(const std::string& value);
+  void set_string_value(std::string&& value);
+  void set_string_value(const char* value);
+  void set_string_value(const void* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_string_value();
+  std::string* release_string_value();
+  void set_allocated_string_value(std::string* string_value);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_string_value();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_string_value(
+      std::string* string_value);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_string_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_string_value(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_string_value();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string aggregate_value = 8;
+  bool has_aggregate_value() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_aggregate_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_aggregate_value();
+  const std::string& aggregate_value() const;
+  void set_aggregate_value(const std::string& value);
+  void set_aggregate_value(std::string&& value);
+  void set_aggregate_value(const char* value);
+  void set_aggregate_value(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_aggregate_value();
+  std::string* release_aggregate_value();
+  void set_allocated_aggregate_value(std::string* aggregate_value);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_aggregate_value();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_aggregate_value(
+      std::string* aggregate_value);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_aggregate_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_aggregate_value(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_aggregate_value();
+  public:
+
+  // optional uint64 positive_int_value = 4;
+  bool has_positive_int_value() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_positive_int_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_positive_int_value();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 positive_int_value() const;
+  void set_positive_int_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 _internal_positive_int_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_positive_int_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional int64 negative_int_value = 5;
+  bool has_negative_int_value() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_negative_int_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_negative_int_value();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 negative_int_value() const;
+  void set_negative_int_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 _internal_negative_int_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_negative_int_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional double double_value = 6;
+  bool has_double_value() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_double_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_double_value();
+  double double_value() const;
+  void set_double_value(double value);
+  private:
+  double _internal_double_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_double_value(double value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart > name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr identifier_value_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr string_value_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr aggregate_value_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 positive_int_value_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 negative_int_value_;
+  double double_value_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceCodeInfo_Location :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location) */ {
+ public:
+  SourceCodeInfo_Location();
+  virtual ~SourceCodeInfo_Location();
+
+  SourceCodeInfo_Location(const SourceCodeInfo_Location& from);
+  SourceCodeInfo_Location(SourceCodeInfo_Location&& from) noexcept
+    : SourceCodeInfo_Location() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline SourceCodeInfo_Location& operator=(const SourceCodeInfo_Location& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline SourceCodeInfo_Location& operator=(SourceCodeInfo_Location&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const SourceCodeInfo_Location& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const SourceCodeInfo_Location* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const SourceCodeInfo_Location*>(
+               &_SourceCodeInfo_Location_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    23;
+
+  friend void swap(SourceCodeInfo_Location& a, SourceCodeInfo_Location& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(SourceCodeInfo_Location* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(SourceCodeInfo_Location* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline SourceCodeInfo_Location* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<SourceCodeInfo_Location>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  SourceCodeInfo_Location* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<SourceCodeInfo_Location>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const SourceCodeInfo_Location& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const SourceCodeInfo_Location& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(SourceCodeInfo_Location* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit SourceCodeInfo_Location(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kPathFieldNumber = 1,
+    kSpanFieldNumber = 2,
+    kLeadingDetachedCommentsFieldNumber = 6,
+    kLeadingCommentsFieldNumber = 3,
+    kTrailingCommentsFieldNumber = 4,
+  };
+  // repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
+  int path_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_path_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_path();
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_path(int index) const;
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+      _internal_path() const;
+  void _internal_add_path(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+      _internal_mutable_path();
+  public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 path(int index) const;
+  void set_path(int index, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  void add_path(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+      path() const;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+      mutable_path();
+
+  // repeated int32 span = 2 [packed = true];
+  int span_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_span_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_span();
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_span(int index) const;
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+      _internal_span() const;
+  void _internal_add_span(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+      _internal_mutable_span();
+  public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 span(int index) const;
+  void set_span(int index, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  void add_span(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+      span() const;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+      mutable_span();
+
+  // repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
+  int leading_detached_comments_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_leading_detached_comments_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_leading_detached_comments();
+  const std::string& leading_detached_comments(int index) const;
+  std::string* mutable_leading_detached_comments(int index);
+  void set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const std::string& value);
+  void set_leading_detached_comments(int index, std::string&& value);
+  void set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const char* value);
+  void set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* add_leading_detached_comments();
+  void add_leading_detached_comments(const std::string& value);
+  void add_leading_detached_comments(std::string&& value);
+  void add_leading_detached_comments(const char* value);
+  void add_leading_detached_comments(const char* value, size_t size);
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& leading_detached_comments() const;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* mutable_leading_detached_comments();
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_leading_detached_comments(int index) const;
+  std::string* _internal_add_leading_detached_comments();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string leading_comments = 3;
+  bool has_leading_comments() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_leading_comments() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_leading_comments();
+  const std::string& leading_comments() const;
+  void set_leading_comments(const std::string& value);
+  void set_leading_comments(std::string&& value);
+  void set_leading_comments(const char* value);
+  void set_leading_comments(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_leading_comments();
+  std::string* release_leading_comments();
+  void set_allocated_leading_comments(std::string* leading_comments);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_leading_comments();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_leading_comments(
+      std::string* leading_comments);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_leading_comments() const;
+  void _internal_set_leading_comments(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_leading_comments();
+  public:
+
+  // optional string trailing_comments = 4;
+  bool has_trailing_comments() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_trailing_comments() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_trailing_comments();
+  const std::string& trailing_comments() const;
+  void set_trailing_comments(const std::string& value);
+  void set_trailing_comments(std::string&& value);
+  void set_trailing_comments(const char* value);
+  void set_trailing_comments(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_trailing_comments();
+  std::string* release_trailing_comments();
+  void set_allocated_trailing_comments(std::string* trailing_comments);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_trailing_comments();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_trailing_comments(
+      std::string* trailing_comments);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_trailing_comments() const;
+  void _internal_set_trailing_comments(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_trailing_comments();
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 > path_;
+  mutable std::atomic<int> _path_cached_byte_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 > span_;
+  mutable std::atomic<int> _span_cached_byte_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string> leading_detached_comments_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr leading_comments_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr trailing_comments_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceCodeInfo :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo) */ {
+ public:
+  SourceCodeInfo();
+  virtual ~SourceCodeInfo();
+
+  SourceCodeInfo(const SourceCodeInfo& from);
+  SourceCodeInfo(SourceCodeInfo&& from) noexcept
+    : SourceCodeInfo() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline SourceCodeInfo& operator=(const SourceCodeInfo& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline SourceCodeInfo& operator=(SourceCodeInfo&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const SourceCodeInfo& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const SourceCodeInfo* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const SourceCodeInfo*>(
+               &_SourceCodeInfo_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    24;
+
+  friend void swap(SourceCodeInfo& a, SourceCodeInfo& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(SourceCodeInfo* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(SourceCodeInfo* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline SourceCodeInfo* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<SourceCodeInfo>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  SourceCodeInfo* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<SourceCodeInfo>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const SourceCodeInfo& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const SourceCodeInfo& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(SourceCodeInfo* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit SourceCodeInfo(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  typedef SourceCodeInfo_Location Location;
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kLocationFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location location = 1;
+  int location_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_location_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_location();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location* mutable_location(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location >*
+      mutable_location();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location& _internal_location(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location* _internal_add_location();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location& location(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location* add_location();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location >&
+      location() const;
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location > location_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation) */ {
+ public:
+  GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation();
+  virtual ~GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation();
+
+  GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation(const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& from);
+  GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation&& from) noexcept
+    : GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& operator=(const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& operator=(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation*>(
+               &_GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    25;
+
+  friend void swap(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& a, GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kPathFieldNumber = 1,
+    kSourceFileFieldNumber = 2,
+    kBeginFieldNumber = 3,
+    kEndFieldNumber = 4,
+  };
+  // repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
+  int path_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_path_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_path();
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_path(int index) const;
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+      _internal_path() const;
+  void _internal_add_path(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+      _internal_mutable_path();
+  public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 path(int index) const;
+  void set_path(int index, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  void add_path(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+      path() const;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+      mutable_path();
+
+  // optional string source_file = 2;
+  bool has_source_file() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_source_file() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_source_file();
+  const std::string& source_file() const;
+  void set_source_file(const std::string& value);
+  void set_source_file(std::string&& value);
+  void set_source_file(const char* value);
+  void set_source_file(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_source_file();
+  std::string* release_source_file();
+  void set_allocated_source_file(std::string* source_file);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_source_file();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_source_file(
+      std::string* source_file);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_source_file() const;
+  void _internal_set_source_file(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_source_file();
+  public:
+
+  // optional int32 begin = 3;
+  bool has_begin() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_begin() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_begin();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 begin() const;
+  void set_begin(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_begin() const;
+  void _internal_set_begin(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // optional int32 end = 4;
+  bool has_end() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_end() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_end();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 end() const;
+  void set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_end() const;
+  void _internal_set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 > path_;
+  mutable std::atomic<int> _path_cached_byte_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr source_file_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 begin_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 end_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedCodeInfo :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo) */ {
+ public:
+  GeneratedCodeInfo();
+  virtual ~GeneratedCodeInfo();
+
+  GeneratedCodeInfo(const GeneratedCodeInfo& from);
+  GeneratedCodeInfo(GeneratedCodeInfo&& from) noexcept
+    : GeneratedCodeInfo() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline GeneratedCodeInfo& operator=(const GeneratedCodeInfo& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline GeneratedCodeInfo& operator=(GeneratedCodeInfo&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const GeneratedCodeInfo& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const GeneratedCodeInfo* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const GeneratedCodeInfo*>(
+               &_GeneratedCodeInfo_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    26;
+
+  friend void swap(GeneratedCodeInfo& a, GeneratedCodeInfo& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(GeneratedCodeInfo* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(GeneratedCodeInfo* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline GeneratedCodeInfo* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<GeneratedCodeInfo>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  GeneratedCodeInfo* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<GeneratedCodeInfo>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(GeneratedCodeInfo* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit GeneratedCodeInfo(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  typedef GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation Annotation;
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kAnnotationFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation annotation = 1;
+  int annotation_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_annotation_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_annotation();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* mutable_annotation(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation >*
+      mutable_annotation();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& _internal_annotation(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* _internal_add_annotation();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& annotation(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* add_annotation();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation >&
+      annotation() const;
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation > annotation_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// FileDescriptorSet
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto file = 1;
+inline int FileDescriptorSet::_internal_file_size() const {
+  return file_.size();
+}
+inline int FileDescriptorSet::file_size() const {
+  return _internal_file_size();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorSet::clear_file() {
+  file_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorSet::mutable_file(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet.file)
+  return file_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto >*
+FileDescriptorSet::mutable_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet.file)
+  return &file_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto& FileDescriptorSet::_internal_file(int index) const {
+  return file_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto& FileDescriptorSet::file(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet.file)
+  return _internal_file(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorSet::_internal_add_file() {
+  return file_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorSet::add_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet.file)
+  return _internal_add_file();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileDescriptorProto >&
+FileDescriptorSet::file() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet.file)
+  return file_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// FileDescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline bool FileDescriptorProto::_internal_has_name() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileDescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return _internal_has_name();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FileDescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& FileDescriptorProto::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.Get();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+  if (!_internal_has_name()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// optional string package = 2;
+inline bool FileDescriptorProto::_internal_has_package() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileDescriptorProto::has_package() const {
+  return _internal_has_package();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::clear_package() {
+  package_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FileDescriptorProto::package() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+  return _internal_package();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_package(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_package(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_package() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+  return _internal_mutable_package();
+}
+inline const std::string& FileDescriptorProto::_internal_package() const {
+  return package_.Get();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::_internal_set_package(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_package(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  package_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_package(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_package(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_package() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  return package_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::release_package() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+  if (!_internal_has_package()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  return package_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_package(std::string* package) {
+  if (package != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  package_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), package,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_package() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  return package_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_package(
+    std::string* package) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (package != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  package_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      package, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+}
+
+// repeated string dependency = 3;
+inline int FileDescriptorProto::_internal_dependency_size() const {
+  return dependency_.size();
+}
+inline int FileDescriptorProto::dependency_size() const {
+  return _internal_dependency_size();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::clear_dependency() {
+  dependency_.Clear();
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+  return _internal_add_dependency();
+}
+inline const std::string& FileDescriptorProto::_internal_dependency(int index) const {
+  return dependency_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const std::string& FileDescriptorProto::dependency(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+  return _internal_dependency(index);
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_dependency(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+  return dependency_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_dependency(int index, const std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+  dependency_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_dependency(int index, std::string&& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+  dependency_.Mutable(index)->assign(std::move(value));
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_dependency(int index, const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  dependency_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_dependency(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  dependency_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::_internal_add_dependency() {
+  return dependency_.Add();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency(const std::string& value) {
+  dependency_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency(std::string&& value) {
+  dependency_.Add(std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  dependency_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  dependency_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>&
+FileDescriptorProto::dependency() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+  return dependency_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>*
+FileDescriptorProto::mutable_dependency() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+  return &dependency_;
+}
+
+// repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;
+inline int FileDescriptorProto::_internal_public_dependency_size() const {
+  return public_dependency_.size();
+}
+inline int FileDescriptorProto::public_dependency_size() const {
+  return _internal_public_dependency_size();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::clear_public_dependency() {
+  public_dependency_.Clear();
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 FileDescriptorProto::_internal_public_dependency(int index) const {
+  return public_dependency_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 FileDescriptorProto::public_dependency(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
+  return _internal_public_dependency(index);
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_public_dependency(int index, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  public_dependency_.Set(index, value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::_internal_add_public_dependency(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  public_dependency_.Add(value);
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::add_public_dependency(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_add_public_dependency(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+FileDescriptorProto::_internal_public_dependency() const {
+  return public_dependency_;
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+FileDescriptorProto::public_dependency() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
+  return _internal_public_dependency();
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+FileDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_public_dependency() {
+  return &public_dependency_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+FileDescriptorProto::mutable_public_dependency() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
+  return _internal_mutable_public_dependency();
+}
+
+// repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;
+inline int FileDescriptorProto::_internal_weak_dependency_size() const {
+  return weak_dependency_.size();
+}
+inline int FileDescriptorProto::weak_dependency_size() const {
+  return _internal_weak_dependency_size();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::clear_weak_dependency() {
+  weak_dependency_.Clear();
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 FileDescriptorProto::_internal_weak_dependency(int index) const {
+  return weak_dependency_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 FileDescriptorProto::weak_dependency(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
+  return _internal_weak_dependency(index);
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_weak_dependency(int index, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  weak_dependency_.Set(index, value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::_internal_add_weak_dependency(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  weak_dependency_.Add(value);
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::add_weak_dependency(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_add_weak_dependency(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+FileDescriptorProto::_internal_weak_dependency() const {
+  return weak_dependency_;
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+FileDescriptorProto::weak_dependency() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
+  return _internal_weak_dependency();
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+FileDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_weak_dependency() {
+  return &weak_dependency_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+FileDescriptorProto::mutable_weak_dependency() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
+  return _internal_mutable_weak_dependency();
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+inline int FileDescriptorProto::_internal_message_type_size() const {
+  return message_type_.size();
+}
+inline int FileDescriptorProto::message_type_size() const {
+  return _internal_message_type_size();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::clear_message_type() {
+  message_type_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_message_type(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.message_type)
+  return message_type_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto >*
+FileDescriptorProto::mutable_message_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.message_type)
+  return &message_type_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto& FileDescriptorProto::_internal_message_type(int index) const {
+  return message_type_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto& FileDescriptorProto::message_type(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.message_type)
+  return _internal_message_type(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::_internal_add_message_type() {
+  return message_type_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::add_message_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.message_type)
+  return _internal_add_message_type();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto >&
+FileDescriptorProto::message_type() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.message_type)
+  return message_type_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;
+inline int FileDescriptorProto::_internal_enum_type_size() const {
+  return enum_type_.size();
+}
+inline int FileDescriptorProto::enum_type_size() const {
+  return _internal_enum_type_size();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::clear_enum_type() {
+  enum_type_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_enum_type(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return enum_type_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto >*
+FileDescriptorProto::mutable_enum_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return &enum_type_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto& FileDescriptorProto::_internal_enum_type(int index) const {
+  return enum_type_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto& FileDescriptorProto::enum_type(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return _internal_enum_type(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::_internal_add_enum_type() {
+  return enum_type_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::add_enum_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return _internal_add_enum_type();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto >&
+FileDescriptorProto::enum_type() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return enum_type_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;
+inline int FileDescriptorProto::_internal_service_size() const {
+  return service_.size();
+}
+inline int FileDescriptorProto::service_size() const {
+  return _internal_service_size();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::clear_service() {
+  service_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_service(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.service)
+  return service_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto >*
+FileDescriptorProto::mutable_service() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.service)
+  return &service_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto& FileDescriptorProto::_internal_service(int index) const {
+  return service_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto& FileDescriptorProto::service(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.service)
+  return _internal_service(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::_internal_add_service() {
+  return service_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::add_service() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.service)
+  return _internal_add_service();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptorProto >&
+FileDescriptorProto::service() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.service)
+  return service_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;
+inline int FileDescriptorProto::_internal_extension_size() const {
+  return extension_.size();
+}
+inline int FileDescriptorProto::extension_size() const {
+  return _internal_extension_size();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::clear_extension() {
+  extension_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_extension(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.extension)
+  return extension_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto >*
+FileDescriptorProto::mutable_extension() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.extension)
+  return &extension_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto& FileDescriptorProto::_internal_extension(int index) const {
+  return extension_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto& FileDescriptorProto::extension(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.extension)
+  return _internal_extension(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::_internal_add_extension() {
+  return extension_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::add_extension() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.extension)
+  return _internal_add_extension();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto >&
+FileDescriptorProto::extension() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.extension)
+  return extension_;
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions options = 8;
+inline bool FileDescriptorProto::_internal_has_options() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+  PROTOBUF_ASSUME(!value || options_ != nullptr);
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileDescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return _internal_has_options();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != nullptr) options_->Clear();
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions& FileDescriptorProto::_internal_options() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* p = options_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_FileOptions_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions& FileDescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_options();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* FileDescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  auto temp = unsafe_arena_release_options();
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+    temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+  }
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* FileDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.options)
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* FileDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  if (options_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    options_ = p;
+  }
+  return options_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_mutable_options();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions* options) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  if (options) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::GetArena(options);
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      options = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, options, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo source_code_info = 9;
+inline bool FileDescriptorProto::_internal_has_source_code_info() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
+  PROTOBUF_ASSUME(!value || source_code_info_ != nullptr);
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileDescriptorProto::has_source_code_info() const {
+  return _internal_has_source_code_info();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::clear_source_code_info() {
+  if (source_code_info_ != nullptr) source_code_info_->Clear();
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo& FileDescriptorProto::_internal_source_code_info() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* p = source_code_info_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_SourceCodeInfo_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo& FileDescriptorProto::source_code_info() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.source_code_info)
+  return _internal_source_code_info();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* FileDescriptorProto::release_source_code_info() {
+  auto temp = unsafe_arena_release_source_code_info();
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+    temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+  }
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* FileDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_source_code_info() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.source_code_info)
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* temp = source_code_info_;
+  source_code_info_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* FileDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_source_code_info() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  if (source_code_info_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    source_code_info_ = p;
+  }
+  return source_code_info_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_source_code_info() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.source_code_info)
+  return _internal_mutable_source_code_info();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_source_code_info(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete source_code_info_;
+  }
+  if (source_code_info) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::GetArena(source_code_info);
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      source_code_info = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, source_code_info, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+  }
+  source_code_info_ = source_code_info;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.source_code_info)
+}
+
+// optional string syntax = 12;
+inline bool FileDescriptorProto::_internal_has_syntax() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileDescriptorProto::has_syntax() const {
+  return _internal_has_syntax();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::clear_syntax() {
+  syntax_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FileDescriptorProto::syntax() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+  return _internal_syntax();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_syntax(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_syntax(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_syntax() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+  return _internal_mutable_syntax();
+}
+inline const std::string& FileDescriptorProto::_internal_syntax() const {
+  return syntax_.Get();
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::_internal_set_syntax(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  syntax_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_syntax(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  syntax_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_syntax(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  syntax_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_syntax(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  syntax_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_syntax() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  return syntax_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::release_syntax() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+  if (!_internal_has_syntax()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  return syntax_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_syntax(std::string* syntax) {
+  if (syntax != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  }
+  syntax_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), syntax,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+}
+inline std::string* FileDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_syntax() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  return syntax_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_syntax(
+    std::string* syntax) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (syntax != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  }
+  syntax_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      syntax, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange
+
+// optional int32 start = 1;
+inline bool DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::_internal_has_start() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::has_start() const {
+  return _internal_has_start();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::clear_start() {
+  start_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::_internal_start() const {
+  return start_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::start() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.start)
+  return _internal_start();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::_internal_set_start(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  start_ = value;
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::set_start(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_start(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.start)
+}
+
+// optional int32 end = 2;
+inline bool DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::_internal_has_end() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::has_end() const {
+  return _internal_has_end();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::clear_end() {
+  end_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::_internal_end() const {
+  return end_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::end() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.end)
+  return _internal_end();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::_internal_set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  end_ = value;
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_end(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.end)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions options = 3;
+inline bool DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::_internal_has_options() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  PROTOBUF_ASSUME(!value || options_ != nullptr);
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::has_options() const {
+  return _internal_has_options();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != nullptr) options_->Clear();
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions& DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::_internal_options() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* p = options_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_ExtensionRangeOptions_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions& DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.options)
+  return _internal_options();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::release_options() {
+  auto temp = unsafe_arena_release_options();
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+    temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+  }
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::unsafe_arena_release_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.options)
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::_internal_mutable_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  if (options_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    options_ = p;
+  }
+  return options_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.options)
+  return _internal_mutable_options();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ExtensionRangeOptions* options) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  if (options) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::GetArena(options);
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      options = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, options, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.options)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// DescriptorProto_ReservedRange
+
+// optional int32 start = 1;
+inline bool DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::_internal_has_start() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::has_start() const {
+  return _internal_has_start();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::clear_start() {
+  start_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::_internal_start() const {
+  return start_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::start() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.start)
+  return _internal_start();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::_internal_set_start(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  start_ = value;
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::set_start(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_start(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.start)
+}
+
+// optional int32 end = 2;
+inline bool DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::_internal_has_end() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::has_end() const {
+  return _internal_has_end();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::clear_end() {
+  end_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::_internal_end() const {
+  return end_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::end() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.end)
+  return _internal_end();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::_internal_set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  end_ = value;
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_end(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.end)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// DescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline bool DescriptorProto::_internal_has_name() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool DescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return _internal_has_name();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& DescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* DescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& DescriptorProto::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.Get();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* DescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* DescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+  if (!_internal_has_name()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* DescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+inline int DescriptorProto::_internal_field_size() const {
+  return field_.size();
+}
+inline int DescriptorProto::field_size() const {
+  return _internal_field_size();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::clear_field() {
+  field_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::mutable_field(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.field)
+  return field_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_field() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.field)
+  return &field_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::_internal_field(int index) const {
+  return field_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::field(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.field)
+  return _internal_field(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::_internal_add_field() {
+  return field_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::add_field() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.field)
+  return _internal_add_field();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto >&
+DescriptorProto::field() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.field)
+  return field_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;
+inline int DescriptorProto::_internal_extension_size() const {
+  return extension_.size();
+}
+inline int DescriptorProto::extension_size() const {
+  return _internal_extension_size();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::clear_extension() {
+  extension_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::mutable_extension(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension)
+  return extension_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_extension() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension)
+  return &extension_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::_internal_extension(int index) const {
+  return extension_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::extension(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension)
+  return _internal_extension(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::_internal_add_extension() {
+  return extension_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::add_extension() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension)
+  return _internal_add_extension();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto >&
+DescriptorProto::extension() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension)
+  return extension_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;
+inline int DescriptorProto::_internal_nested_type_size() const {
+  return nested_type_.size();
+}
+inline int DescriptorProto::nested_type_size() const {
+  return _internal_nested_type_size();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::clear_nested_type() {
+  nested_type_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::mutable_nested_type(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.nested_type)
+  return nested_type_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_nested_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.nested_type)
+  return &nested_type_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::_internal_nested_type(int index) const {
+  return nested_type_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::nested_type(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.nested_type)
+  return _internal_nested_type(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::_internal_add_nested_type() {
+  return nested_type_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::add_nested_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.nested_type)
+  return _internal_add_nested_type();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto >&
+DescriptorProto::nested_type() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.nested_type)
+  return nested_type_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;
+inline int DescriptorProto::_internal_enum_type_size() const {
+  return enum_type_.size();
+}
+inline int DescriptorProto::enum_type_size() const {
+  return _internal_enum_type_size();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::clear_enum_type() {
+  enum_type_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::mutable_enum_type(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return enum_type_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_enum_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return &enum_type_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::_internal_enum_type(int index) const {
+  return enum_type_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::enum_type(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return _internal_enum_type(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::_internal_add_enum_type() {
+  return enum_type_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::add_enum_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return _internal_add_enum_type();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto >&
+DescriptorProto::enum_type() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return enum_type_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;
+inline int DescriptorProto::_internal_extension_range_size() const {
+  return extension_range_.size();
+}
+inline int DescriptorProto::extension_range_size() const {
+  return _internal_extension_range_size();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::clear_extension_range() {
+  extension_range_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* DescriptorProto::mutable_extension_range(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension_range)
+  return extension_range_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_extension_range() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension_range)
+  return &extension_range_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& DescriptorProto::_internal_extension_range(int index) const {
+  return extension_range_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& DescriptorProto::extension_range(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension_range)
+  return _internal_extension_range(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* DescriptorProto::_internal_add_extension_range() {
+  return extension_range_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* DescriptorProto::add_extension_range() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension_range)
+  return _internal_add_extension_range();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange >&
+DescriptorProto::extension_range() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension_range)
+  return extension_range_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto oneof_decl = 8;
+inline int DescriptorProto::_internal_oneof_decl_size() const {
+  return oneof_decl_.size();
+}
+inline int DescriptorProto::oneof_decl_size() const {
+  return _internal_oneof_decl_size();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::clear_oneof_decl() {
+  oneof_decl_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::mutable_oneof_decl(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.oneof_decl)
+  return oneof_decl_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_oneof_decl() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.oneof_decl)
+  return &oneof_decl_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::_internal_oneof_decl(int index) const {
+  return oneof_decl_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::oneof_decl(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.oneof_decl)
+  return _internal_oneof_decl(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::_internal_add_oneof_decl() {
+  return oneof_decl_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::add_oneof_decl() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.oneof_decl)
+  return _internal_add_oneof_decl();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofDescriptorProto >&
+DescriptorProto::oneof_decl() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.oneof_decl)
+  return oneof_decl_;
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.MessageOptions options = 7;
+inline bool DescriptorProto::_internal_has_options() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  PROTOBUF_ASSUME(!value || options_ != nullptr);
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool DescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return _internal_has_options();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != nullptr) options_->Clear();
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions& DescriptorProto::_internal_options() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* p = options_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_MessageOptions_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions& DescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_options();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* DescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  auto temp = unsafe_arena_release_options();
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+    temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+  }
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* DescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.options)
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* DescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  if (options_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    options_ = p;
+  }
+  return options_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* DescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_mutable_options();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageOptions* options) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  if (options) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::GetArena(options);
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      options = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, options, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
+inline int DescriptorProto::_internal_reserved_range_size() const {
+  return reserved_range_.size();
+}
+inline int DescriptorProto::reserved_range_size() const {
+  return _internal_reserved_range_size();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::clear_reserved_range() {
+  reserved_range_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_range(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return reserved_range_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_range() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return &reserved_range_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& DescriptorProto::_internal_reserved_range(int index) const {
+  return reserved_range_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& DescriptorProto::reserved_range(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return _internal_reserved_range(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* DescriptorProto::_internal_add_reserved_range() {
+  return reserved_range_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* DescriptorProto::add_reserved_range() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return _internal_add_reserved_range();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange >&
+DescriptorProto::reserved_range() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return reserved_range_;
+}
+
+// repeated string reserved_name = 10;
+inline int DescriptorProto::_internal_reserved_name_size() const {
+  return reserved_name_.size();
+}
+inline int DescriptorProto::reserved_name_size() const {
+  return _internal_reserved_name_size();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::clear_reserved_name() {
+  reserved_name_.Clear();
+}
+inline std::string* DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return _internal_add_reserved_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& DescriptorProto::_internal_reserved_name(int index) const {
+  return reserved_name_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const std::string& DescriptorProto::reserved_name(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return _internal_reserved_name(index);
+}
+inline std::string* DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_name(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return reserved_name_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, std::string&& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(std::move(value));
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline std::string* DescriptorProto::_internal_add_reserved_name() {
+  return reserved_name_.Add();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const std::string& value) {
+  reserved_name_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(std::string&& value) {
+  reserved_name_.Add(std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  reserved_name_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  reserved_name_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>&
+DescriptorProto::reserved_name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return reserved_name_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return &reserved_name_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// ExtensionRangeOptions
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+inline int ExtensionRangeOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+inline int ExtensionRangeOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+}
+inline void ExtensionRangeOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* ExtensionRangeOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+ExtensionRangeOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& ExtensionRangeOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& ExtensionRangeOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* ExtensionRangeOptions::_internal_add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* ExtensionRangeOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+ExtensionRangeOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// FieldDescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_has_name() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return _internal_has_name();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.Get();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+  if (!_internal_has_name()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// optional int32 number = 3;
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_has_number() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000040u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_number() const {
+  return _internal_has_number();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_number() {
+  number_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000040u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_number() const {
+  return number_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 FieldDescriptorProto::number() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.number)
+  return _internal_number();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
+  number_ = value;
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_number(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.number)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Label label = 4;
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_has_label() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000100u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_label() const {
+  return _internal_has_label();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_label() {
+  label_ = 1;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000100u;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_label() const {
+  return static_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label >(label_);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label FieldDescriptorProto::label() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.label)
+  return _internal_label();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_set_label(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label value) {
+  assert(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label_IsValid(value));
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000100u;
+  label_ = value;
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_label(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label value) {
+  _internal_set_label(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.label)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Type type = 5;
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_has_type() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000200u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_type() const {
+  return _internal_has_type();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_type() {
+  type_ = 1;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000200u;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_type() const {
+  return static_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type >(type_);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::type() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type)
+  return _internal_type();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_set_type(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type value) {
+  assert(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type_IsValid(value));
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000200u;
+  type_ = value;
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type value) {
+  _internal_set_type(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type)
+}
+
+// optional string type_name = 6;
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_has_type_name() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_type_name() const {
+  return _internal_has_type_name();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_type_name() {
+  type_name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::type_name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+  return _internal_type_name();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_type_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_type_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+  return _internal_mutable_type_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_type_name() const {
+  return type_name_.Get();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_set_type_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  type_name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type_name(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  type_name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  type_name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  type_name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_type_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  return type_name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_type_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+  if (!_internal_has_type_name()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  return type_name_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_type_name(std::string* type_name) {
+  if (type_name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  }
+  type_name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), type_name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_type_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  return type_name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_type_name(
+    std::string* type_name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (type_name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  }
+  type_name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      type_name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+}
+
+// optional string extendee = 2;
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_has_extendee() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_extendee() const {
+  return _internal_has_extendee();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_extendee() {
+  extendee_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::extendee() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+  return _internal_extendee();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_extendee(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_extendee(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_extendee() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+  return _internal_mutable_extendee();
+}
+inline const std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_extendee() const {
+  return extendee_.Get();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_set_extendee(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  extendee_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_extendee(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  extendee_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_extendee(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  extendee_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_extendee(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  extendee_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_extendee() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  return extendee_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_extendee() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+  if (!_internal_has_extendee()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  return extendee_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_extendee(std::string* extendee) {
+  if (extendee != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  extendee_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), extendee,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_extendee() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  return extendee_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_extendee(
+    std::string* extendee) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (extendee != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  extendee_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      extendee, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+}
+
+// optional string default_value = 7;
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_has_default_value() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_default_value() const {
+  return _internal_has_default_value();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_default_value() {
+  default_value_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::default_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+  return _internal_default_value();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_default_value(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_default_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_default_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+  return _internal_mutable_default_value();
+}
+inline const std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_default_value() const {
+  return default_value_.Get();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_set_default_value(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  default_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_default_value(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  default_value_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_default_value(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  default_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_default_value(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  default_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_default_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  return default_value_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_default_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+  if (!_internal_has_default_value()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  return default_value_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_default_value(std::string* default_value) {
+  if (default_value != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  }
+  default_value_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), default_value,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_default_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  return default_value_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_default_value(
+    std::string* default_value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (default_value != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  }
+  default_value_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      default_value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+}
+
+// optional int32 oneof_index = 9;
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_has_oneof_index() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000080u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_oneof_index() const {
+  return _internal_has_oneof_index();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_oneof_index() {
+  oneof_index_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000080u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_oneof_index() const {
+  return oneof_index_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 FieldDescriptorProto::oneof_index() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.oneof_index)
+  return _internal_oneof_index();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_set_oneof_index(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
+  oneof_index_ = value;
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_oneof_index(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_oneof_index(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.oneof_index)
+}
+
+// optional string json_name = 10;
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_has_json_name() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_json_name() const {
+  return _internal_has_json_name();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_json_name() {
+  json_name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::json_name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
+  return _internal_json_name();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_json_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_json_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_json_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
+  return _internal_mutable_json_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_json_name() const {
+  return json_name_.Get();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_set_json_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  json_name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_json_name(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  json_name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_json_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  json_name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_json_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  json_name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_json_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  return json_name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_json_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
+  if (!_internal_has_json_name()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+  return json_name_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_json_name(std::string* json_name) {
+  if (json_name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+  }
+  json_name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), json_name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_json_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+  return json_name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_json_name(
+    std::string* json_name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (json_name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+  }
+  json_name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      json_name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions options = 8;
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_has_options() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
+  PROTOBUF_ASSUME(!value || options_ != nullptr);
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return _internal_has_options();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != nullptr) options_->Clear();
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions& FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_options() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* p = options_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_FieldOptions_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions& FieldDescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_options();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* FieldDescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  auto temp = unsafe_arena_release_options();
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+    temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+  }
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* FieldDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.options)
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* FieldDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  if (options_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    options_ = p;
+  }
+  return options_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_mutable_options();
+}
+inline void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions* options) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  if (options) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::GetArena(options);
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      options = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, options, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// OneofDescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline bool OneofDescriptorProto::_internal_has_name() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool OneofDescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return _internal_has_name();
+}
+inline void OneofDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& OneofDescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void OneofDescriptorProto::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* OneofDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& OneofDescriptorProto::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.Get();
+}
+inline void OneofDescriptorProto::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void OneofDescriptorProto::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void OneofDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void OneofDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* OneofDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* OneofDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+  if (!_internal_has_name()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void OneofDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* OneofDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void OneofDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.OneofOptions options = 2;
+inline bool OneofDescriptorProto::_internal_has_options() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  PROTOBUF_ASSUME(!value || options_ != nullptr);
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool OneofDescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return _internal_has_options();
+}
+inline void OneofDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != nullptr) options_->Clear();
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions& OneofDescriptorProto::_internal_options() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* p = options_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_OneofOptions_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions& OneofDescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_options();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* OneofDescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  auto temp = unsafe_arena_release_options();
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+    temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+  }
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* OneofDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.options)
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* OneofDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  if (options_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    options_ = p;
+  }
+  return options_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* OneofDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_mutable_options();
+}
+inline void OneofDescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::OneofOptions* options) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  if (options) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::GetArena(options);
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      options = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, options, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange
+
+// optional int32 start = 1;
+inline bool EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::_internal_has_start() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::has_start() const {
+  return _internal_has_start();
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::clear_start() {
+  start_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::_internal_start() const {
+  return start_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::start() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange.start)
+  return _internal_start();
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::_internal_set_start(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  start_ = value;
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::set_start(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_start(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange.start)
+}
+
+// optional int32 end = 2;
+inline bool EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::_internal_has_end() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::has_end() const {
+  return _internal_has_end();
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::clear_end() {
+  end_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::_internal_end() const {
+  return end_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::end() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange.end)
+  return _internal_end();
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::_internal_set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  end_ = value;
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange::set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_end(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange.end)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// EnumDescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline bool EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_has_name() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool EnumDescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return _internal_has_name();
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& EnumDescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.Get();
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* EnumDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+  if (!_internal_has_name()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* EnumDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;
+inline int EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_value_size() const {
+  return value_.size();
+}
+inline int EnumDescriptorProto::value_size() const {
+  return _internal_value_size();
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::clear_value() {
+  value_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto* EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_value(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.value)
+  return value_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto >*
+EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.value)
+  return &value_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto& EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_value(int index) const {
+  return value_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto& EnumDescriptorProto::value(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.value)
+  return _internal_value(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto* EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_add_value() {
+  return value_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto* EnumDescriptorProto::add_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.value)
+  return _internal_add_value();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueDescriptorProto >&
+EnumDescriptorProto::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.EnumOptions options = 3;
+inline bool EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_has_options() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  PROTOBUF_ASSUME(!value || options_ != nullptr);
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool EnumDescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return _internal_has_options();
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != nullptr) options_->Clear();
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions& EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_options() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* p = options_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_EnumOptions_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions& EnumDescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_options();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* EnumDescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  auto temp = unsafe_arena_release_options();
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+    temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+  }
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* EnumDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.options)
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  if (options_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    options_ = p;
+  }
+  return options_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_mutable_options();
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumOptions* options) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  if (options) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::GetArena(options);
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      options = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, options, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.EnumReservedRange reserved_range = 4;
+inline int EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_reserved_range_size() const {
+  return reserved_range_.size();
+}
+inline int EnumDescriptorProto::reserved_range_size() const {
+  return _internal_reserved_range_size();
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::clear_reserved_range() {
+  reserved_range_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_range(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return reserved_range_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange >*
+EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_range() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return &reserved_range_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_reserved_range(int index) const {
+  return reserved_range_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange& EnumDescriptorProto::reserved_range(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return _internal_reserved_range(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_add_reserved_range() {
+  return reserved_range_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange* EnumDescriptorProto::add_reserved_range() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return _internal_add_reserved_range();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptorProto_EnumReservedRange >&
+EnumDescriptorProto::reserved_range() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return reserved_range_;
+}
+
+// repeated string reserved_name = 5;
+inline int EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_reserved_name_size() const {
+  return reserved_name_.size();
+}
+inline int EnumDescriptorProto::reserved_name_size() const {
+  return _internal_reserved_name_size();
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::clear_reserved_name() {
+  reserved_name_.Clear();
+}
+inline std::string* EnumDescriptorProto::add_reserved_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return _internal_add_reserved_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_reserved_name(int index) const {
+  return reserved_name_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const std::string& EnumDescriptorProto::reserved_name(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return _internal_reserved_name(index);
+}
+inline std::string* EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_name(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return reserved_name_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, std::string&& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(std::move(value));
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline std::string* EnumDescriptorProto::_internal_add_reserved_name() {
+  return reserved_name_.Add();
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const std::string& value) {
+  reserved_name_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(std::string&& value) {
+  reserved_name_.Add(std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  reserved_name_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline void EnumDescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  reserved_name_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>&
+EnumDescriptorProto::reserved_name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return reserved_name_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>*
+EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return &reserved_name_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// EnumValueDescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline bool EnumValueDescriptorProto::_internal_has_name() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool EnumValueDescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return _internal_has_name();
+}
+inline void EnumValueDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& EnumValueDescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* EnumValueDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& EnumValueDescriptorProto::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.Get();
+}
+inline void EnumValueDescriptorProto::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* EnumValueDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* EnumValueDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+  if (!_internal_has_name()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* EnumValueDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void EnumValueDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// optional int32 number = 2;
+inline bool EnumValueDescriptorProto::_internal_has_number() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool EnumValueDescriptorProto::has_number() const {
+  return _internal_has_number();
+}
+inline void EnumValueDescriptorProto::clear_number() {
+  number_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 EnumValueDescriptorProto::_internal_number() const {
+  return number_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 EnumValueDescriptorProto::number() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.number)
+  return _internal_number();
+}
+inline void EnumValueDescriptorProto::_internal_set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  number_ = value;
+}
+inline void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_number(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.number)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions options = 3;
+inline bool EnumValueDescriptorProto::_internal_has_options() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  PROTOBUF_ASSUME(!value || options_ != nullptr);
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool EnumValueDescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return _internal_has_options();
+}
+inline void EnumValueDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != nullptr) options_->Clear();
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions& EnumValueDescriptorProto::_internal_options() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* p = options_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_EnumValueOptions_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions& EnumValueDescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_options();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* EnumValueDescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  auto temp = unsafe_arena_release_options();
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+    temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+  }
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* EnumValueDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.options)
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* EnumValueDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  if (options_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    options_ = p;
+  }
+  return options_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* EnumValueDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_mutable_options();
+}
+inline void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValueOptions* options) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  if (options) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::GetArena(options);
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      options = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, options, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// ServiceDescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline bool ServiceDescriptorProto::_internal_has_name() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool ServiceDescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return _internal_has_name();
+}
+inline void ServiceDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& ServiceDescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* ServiceDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& ServiceDescriptorProto::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.Get();
+}
+inline void ServiceDescriptorProto::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* ServiceDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* ServiceDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+  if (!_internal_has_name()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* ServiceDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void ServiceDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;
+inline int ServiceDescriptorProto::_internal_method_size() const {
+  return method_.size();
+}
+inline int ServiceDescriptorProto::method_size() const {
+  return _internal_method_size();
+}
+inline void ServiceDescriptorProto::clear_method() {
+  method_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto* ServiceDescriptorProto::mutable_method(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.method)
+  return method_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto >*
+ServiceDescriptorProto::mutable_method() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.method)
+  return &method_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto& ServiceDescriptorProto::_internal_method(int index) const {
+  return method_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto& ServiceDescriptorProto::method(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.method)
+  return _internal_method(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto* ServiceDescriptorProto::_internal_add_method() {
+  return method_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto* ServiceDescriptorProto::add_method() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.method)
+  return _internal_add_method();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptorProto >&
+ServiceDescriptorProto::method() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.method)
+  return method_;
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.ServiceOptions options = 3;
+inline bool ServiceDescriptorProto::_internal_has_options() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  PROTOBUF_ASSUME(!value || options_ != nullptr);
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool ServiceDescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return _internal_has_options();
+}
+inline void ServiceDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != nullptr) options_->Clear();
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions& ServiceDescriptorProto::_internal_options() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* p = options_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_ServiceOptions_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions& ServiceDescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_options();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* ServiceDescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  auto temp = unsafe_arena_release_options();
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+    temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+  }
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* ServiceDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.options)
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* ServiceDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  if (options_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    options_ = p;
+  }
+  return options_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* ServiceDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_mutable_options();
+}
+inline void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceOptions* options) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  if (options) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::GetArena(options);
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      options = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, options, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// MethodDescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_has_name() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return _internal_has_name();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.Get();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+  if (!_internal_has_name()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+inline std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// optional string input_type = 2;
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_has_input_type() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::has_input_type() const {
+  return _internal_has_input_type();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_input_type() {
+  input_type_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline const std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::input_type() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+  return _internal_input_type();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_input_type(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_input_type(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+}
+inline std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_input_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+  return _internal_mutable_input_type();
+}
+inline const std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_input_type() const {
+  return input_type_.Get();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_set_input_type(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  input_type_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_input_type(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  input_type_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_input_type(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  input_type_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_input_type(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  input_type_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+}
+inline std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_input_type() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  return input_type_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::release_input_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+  if (!_internal_has_input_type()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  return input_type_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_allocated_input_type(std::string* input_type) {
+  if (input_type != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  input_type_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), input_type,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+}
+inline std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_input_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  return input_type_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_input_type(
+    std::string* input_type) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (input_type != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  input_type_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      input_type, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+}
+
+// optional string output_type = 3;
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_has_output_type() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::has_output_type() const {
+  return _internal_has_output_type();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_output_type() {
+  output_type_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+inline const std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::output_type() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+  return _internal_output_type();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_output_type(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_output_type(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+}
+inline std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_output_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+  return _internal_mutable_output_type();
+}
+inline const std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_output_type() const {
+  return output_type_.Get();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_set_output_type(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  output_type_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_output_type(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  output_type_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_output_type(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  output_type_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_output_type(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  output_type_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+}
+inline std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_output_type() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  return output_type_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::release_output_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+  if (!_internal_has_output_type()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  return output_type_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_allocated_output_type(std::string* output_type) {
+  if (output_type != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  }
+  output_type_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), output_type,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+}
+inline std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_output_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  return output_type_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_output_type(
+    std::string* output_type) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (output_type != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  }
+  output_type_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      output_type, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions options = 4;
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_has_options() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+  PROTOBUF_ASSUME(!value || options_ != nullptr);
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return _internal_has_options();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != nullptr) options_->Clear();
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions& MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_options() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* p = options_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_MethodOptions_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions& MethodDescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_options();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* MethodDescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  auto temp = unsafe_arena_release_options();
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+    temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+  }
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* MethodDescriptorProto::unsafe_arena_release_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.options)
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_mutable_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  if (options_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    options_ = p;
+  }
+  return options_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.options)
+  return _internal_mutable_options();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions* options) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete options_;
+  }
+  if (options) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::GetArena(options);
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      options = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, options, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  }
+  options_ = options;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+// optional bool client_streaming = 5 [default = false];
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_has_client_streaming() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::has_client_streaming() const {
+  return _internal_has_client_streaming();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_client_streaming() {
+  client_streaming_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+}
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_client_streaming() const {
+  return client_streaming_;
+}
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::client_streaming() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.client_streaming)
+  return _internal_client_streaming();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_set_client_streaming(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  client_streaming_ = value;
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_client_streaming(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_client_streaming(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.client_streaming)
+}
+
+// optional bool server_streaming = 6 [default = false];
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_has_server_streaming() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::has_server_streaming() const {
+  return _internal_has_server_streaming();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_server_streaming() {
+  server_streaming_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+}
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_server_streaming() const {
+  return server_streaming_;
+}
+inline bool MethodDescriptorProto::server_streaming() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.server_streaming)
+  return _internal_server_streaming();
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::_internal_set_server_streaming(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  server_streaming_ = value;
+}
+inline void MethodDescriptorProto::set_server_streaming(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_server_streaming(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.server_streaming)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// FileOptions
+
+// optional string java_package = 1;
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_java_package() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_java_package() const {
+  return _internal_has_java_package();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_java_package() {
+  java_package_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::java_package() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+  return _internal_java_package();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_java_package(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_java_package(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::mutable_java_package() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+  return _internal_mutable_java_package();
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::_internal_java_package() const {
+  return java_package_.Get();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_java_package(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  java_package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_java_package(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  java_package_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_java_package(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  java_package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_java_package(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  java_package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::_internal_mutable_java_package() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return java_package_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::release_java_package() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+  if (!_internal_has_java_package()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return java_package_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_allocated_java_package(std::string* java_package) {
+  if (java_package != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  java_package_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), java_package,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::unsafe_arena_release_java_package() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return java_package_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_java_package(
+    std::string* java_package) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (java_package != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  java_package_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      java_package, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+}
+
+// optional string java_outer_classname = 8;
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_java_outer_classname() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_java_outer_classname() const {
+  return _internal_has_java_outer_classname();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_java_outer_classname() {
+  java_outer_classname_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::java_outer_classname() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+  return _internal_java_outer_classname();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_java_outer_classname(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_java_outer_classname(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::mutable_java_outer_classname() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+  return _internal_mutable_java_outer_classname();
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::_internal_java_outer_classname() const {
+  return java_outer_classname_.Get();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_java_outer_classname(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  java_outer_classname_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_java_outer_classname(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  java_outer_classname_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_java_outer_classname(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  java_outer_classname_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_java_outer_classname(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  java_outer_classname_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::_internal_mutable_java_outer_classname() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  return java_outer_classname_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::release_java_outer_classname() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+  if (!_internal_has_java_outer_classname()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  return java_outer_classname_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_allocated_java_outer_classname(std::string* java_outer_classname) {
+  if (java_outer_classname != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  java_outer_classname_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), java_outer_classname,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::unsafe_arena_release_java_outer_classname() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  return java_outer_classname_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_java_outer_classname(
+    std::string* java_outer_classname) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (java_outer_classname != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  java_outer_classname_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      java_outer_classname, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+}
+
+// optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default = false];
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_java_multiple_files() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000400u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_java_multiple_files() const {
+  return _internal_has_java_multiple_files();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_java_multiple_files() {
+  java_multiple_files_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000400u;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_java_multiple_files() const {
+  return java_multiple_files_;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::java_multiple_files() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_multiple_files)
+  return _internal_java_multiple_files();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_java_multiple_files(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000400u;
+  java_multiple_files_ = value;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_java_multiple_files(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_java_multiple_files(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_multiple_files)
+}
+
+// optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [deprecated = true];
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000800u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() const {
+  return _internal_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_java_generate_equals_and_hash() {
+  java_generate_equals_and_hash_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000800u;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_java_generate_equals_and_hash() const {
+  return java_generate_equals_and_hash_;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::java_generate_equals_and_hash() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_generate_equals_and_hash)
+  return _internal_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_java_generate_equals_and_hash(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000800u;
+  java_generate_equals_and_hash_ = value;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_java_generate_equals_and_hash(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_java_generate_equals_and_hash(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_generate_equals_and_hash)
+}
+
+// optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_java_string_check_utf8() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00001000u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_java_string_check_utf8() const {
+  return _internal_has_java_string_check_utf8();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_java_string_check_utf8() {
+  java_string_check_utf8_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00001000u;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_java_string_check_utf8() const {
+  return java_string_check_utf8_;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::java_string_check_utf8() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_string_check_utf8)
+  return _internal_java_string_check_utf8();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_java_string_check_utf8(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00001000u;
+  java_string_check_utf8_ = value;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_java_string_check_utf8(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_java_string_check_utf8(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_string_check_utf8)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default = SPEED];
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_optimize_for() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00080000u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_optimize_for() const {
+  return _internal_has_optimize_for();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_optimize_for() {
+  optimize_for_ = 1;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00080000u;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode FileOptions::_internal_optimize_for() const {
+  return static_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode >(optimize_for_);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode FileOptions::optimize_for() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.optimize_for)
+  return _internal_optimize_for();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_optimize_for(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode value) {
+  assert(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode_IsValid(value));
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00080000u;
+  optimize_for_ = value;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_optimize_for(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode value) {
+  _internal_set_optimize_for(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.optimize_for)
+}
+
+// optional string go_package = 11;
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_go_package() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_go_package() const {
+  return _internal_has_go_package();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_go_package() {
+  go_package_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::go_package() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+  return _internal_go_package();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_go_package(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_go_package(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::mutable_go_package() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+  return _internal_mutable_go_package();
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::_internal_go_package() const {
+  return go_package_.Get();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_go_package(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  go_package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_go_package(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  go_package_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_go_package(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  go_package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_go_package(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  go_package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::_internal_mutable_go_package() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  return go_package_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::release_go_package() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+  if (!_internal_has_go_package()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  return go_package_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_allocated_go_package(std::string* go_package) {
+  if (go_package != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  }
+  go_package_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), go_package,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::unsafe_arena_release_go_package() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  return go_package_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_go_package(
+    std::string* go_package) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (go_package != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  }
+  go_package_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      go_package, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+}
+
+// optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default = false];
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_cc_generic_services() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00002000u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_cc_generic_services() const {
+  return _internal_has_cc_generic_services();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_cc_generic_services() {
+  cc_generic_services_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00002000u;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_cc_generic_services() const {
+  return cc_generic_services_;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::cc_generic_services() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.cc_generic_services)
+  return _internal_cc_generic_services();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_cc_generic_services(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00002000u;
+  cc_generic_services_ = value;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_cc_generic_services(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_cc_generic_services(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.cc_generic_services)
+}
+
+// optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_java_generic_services() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00004000u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_java_generic_services() const {
+  return _internal_has_java_generic_services();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_java_generic_services() {
+  java_generic_services_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00004000u;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_java_generic_services() const {
+  return java_generic_services_;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::java_generic_services() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_generic_services)
+  return _internal_java_generic_services();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_java_generic_services(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00004000u;
+  java_generic_services_ = value;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_java_generic_services(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_java_generic_services(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_generic_services)
+}
+
+// optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default = false];
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_py_generic_services() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00008000u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_py_generic_services() const {
+  return _internal_has_py_generic_services();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_py_generic_services() {
+  py_generic_services_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00008000u;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_py_generic_services() const {
+  return py_generic_services_;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::py_generic_services() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.py_generic_services)
+  return _internal_py_generic_services();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_py_generic_services(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00008000u;
+  py_generic_services_ = value;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_py_generic_services(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_py_generic_services(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.py_generic_services)
+}
+
+// optional bool php_generic_services = 42 [default = false];
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_php_generic_services() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00010000u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_php_generic_services() const {
+  return _internal_has_php_generic_services();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_php_generic_services() {
+  php_generic_services_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00010000u;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_php_generic_services() const {
+  return php_generic_services_;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::php_generic_services() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_generic_services)
+  return _internal_php_generic_services();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_php_generic_services(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00010000u;
+  php_generic_services_ = value;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_php_generic_services(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_php_generic_services(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_generic_services)
+}
+
+// optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_deprecated() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00020000u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_deprecated() const {
+  return _internal_has_deprecated();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_deprecated() {
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00020000u;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_deprecated() const {
+  return deprecated_;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::deprecated() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.deprecated)
+  return _internal_deprecated();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00020000u;
+  deprecated_ = value;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_deprecated(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.deprecated)
+}
+
+// optional bool cc_enable_arenas = 31 [default = false];
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_cc_enable_arenas() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00040000u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_cc_enable_arenas() const {
+  return _internal_has_cc_enable_arenas();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_cc_enable_arenas() {
+  cc_enable_arenas_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00040000u;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_cc_enable_arenas() const {
+  return cc_enable_arenas_;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::cc_enable_arenas() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.cc_enable_arenas)
+  return _internal_cc_enable_arenas();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_cc_enable_arenas(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00040000u;
+  cc_enable_arenas_ = value;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_cc_enable_arenas(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_cc_enable_arenas(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.cc_enable_arenas)
+}
+
+// optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_objc_class_prefix() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_objc_class_prefix() const {
+  return _internal_has_objc_class_prefix();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_objc_class_prefix() {
+  objc_class_prefix_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::objc_class_prefix() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+  return _internal_objc_class_prefix();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_objc_class_prefix(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::mutable_objc_class_prefix() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+  return _internal_mutable_objc_class_prefix();
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::_internal_objc_class_prefix() const {
+  return objc_class_prefix_.Get();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_objc_class_prefix(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  objc_class_prefix_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  objc_class_prefix_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  objc_class_prefix_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  objc_class_prefix_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::_internal_mutable_objc_class_prefix() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  return objc_class_prefix_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::release_objc_class_prefix() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+  if (!_internal_has_objc_class_prefix()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  return objc_class_prefix_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_allocated_objc_class_prefix(std::string* objc_class_prefix) {
+  if (objc_class_prefix != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  }
+  objc_class_prefix_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), objc_class_prefix,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::unsafe_arena_release_objc_class_prefix() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  return objc_class_prefix_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_objc_class_prefix(
+    std::string* objc_class_prefix) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (objc_class_prefix != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  }
+  objc_class_prefix_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      objc_class_prefix, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+}
+
+// optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_csharp_namespace() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_csharp_namespace() const {
+  return _internal_has_csharp_namespace();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_csharp_namespace() {
+  csharp_namespace_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::csharp_namespace() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+  return _internal_csharp_namespace();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_csharp_namespace(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::mutable_csharp_namespace() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+  return _internal_mutable_csharp_namespace();
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::_internal_csharp_namespace() const {
+  return csharp_namespace_.Get();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_csharp_namespace(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  csharp_namespace_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  csharp_namespace_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  csharp_namespace_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  csharp_namespace_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::_internal_mutable_csharp_namespace() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  return csharp_namespace_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::release_csharp_namespace() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+  if (!_internal_has_csharp_namespace()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+  return csharp_namespace_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_allocated_csharp_namespace(std::string* csharp_namespace) {
+  if (csharp_namespace != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+  }
+  csharp_namespace_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), csharp_namespace,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::unsafe_arena_release_csharp_namespace() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+  return csharp_namespace_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_csharp_namespace(
+    std::string* csharp_namespace) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (csharp_namespace != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+  }
+  csharp_namespace_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      csharp_namespace, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+}
+
+// optional string swift_prefix = 39;
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_swift_prefix() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_swift_prefix() const {
+  return _internal_has_swift_prefix();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_swift_prefix() {
+  swift_prefix_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::swift_prefix() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.swift_prefix)
+  return _internal_swift_prefix();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_swift_prefix(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_swift_prefix(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.swift_prefix)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::mutable_swift_prefix() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.swift_prefix)
+  return _internal_mutable_swift_prefix();
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::_internal_swift_prefix() const {
+  return swift_prefix_.Get();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_swift_prefix(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  swift_prefix_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_swift_prefix(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  swift_prefix_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FileOptions.swift_prefix)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_swift_prefix(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  swift_prefix_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.swift_prefix)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_swift_prefix(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  swift_prefix_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.swift_prefix)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::_internal_mutable_swift_prefix() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  return swift_prefix_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::release_swift_prefix() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.swift_prefix)
+  if (!_internal_has_swift_prefix()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+  return swift_prefix_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_allocated_swift_prefix(std::string* swift_prefix) {
+  if (swift_prefix != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+  }
+  swift_prefix_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), swift_prefix,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.swift_prefix)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::unsafe_arena_release_swift_prefix() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.swift_prefix)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+  return swift_prefix_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_swift_prefix(
+    std::string* swift_prefix) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (swift_prefix != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+  }
+  swift_prefix_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      swift_prefix, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.swift_prefix)
+}
+
+// optional string php_class_prefix = 40;
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_php_class_prefix() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000040u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_php_class_prefix() const {
+  return _internal_has_php_class_prefix();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_php_class_prefix() {
+  php_class_prefix_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000040u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::php_class_prefix() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_class_prefix)
+  return _internal_php_class_prefix();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_php_class_prefix(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_php_class_prefix(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_class_prefix)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::mutable_php_class_prefix() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_class_prefix)
+  return _internal_mutable_php_class_prefix();
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::_internal_php_class_prefix() const {
+  return php_class_prefix_.Get();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_php_class_prefix(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
+  php_class_prefix_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_php_class_prefix(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
+  php_class_prefix_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_class_prefix)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_php_class_prefix(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
+  php_class_prefix_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_class_prefix)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_php_class_prefix(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
+  php_class_prefix_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_class_prefix)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::_internal_mutable_php_class_prefix() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
+  return php_class_prefix_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::release_php_class_prefix() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_class_prefix)
+  if (!_internal_has_php_class_prefix()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000040u;
+  return php_class_prefix_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_allocated_php_class_prefix(std::string* php_class_prefix) {
+  if (php_class_prefix != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000040u;
+  }
+  php_class_prefix_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), php_class_prefix,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_class_prefix)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::unsafe_arena_release_php_class_prefix() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_class_prefix)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000040u;
+  return php_class_prefix_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_php_class_prefix(
+    std::string* php_class_prefix) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (php_class_prefix != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000040u;
+  }
+  php_class_prefix_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      php_class_prefix, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_class_prefix)
+}
+
+// optional string php_namespace = 41;
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_php_namespace() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000080u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_php_namespace() const {
+  return _internal_has_php_namespace();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_php_namespace() {
+  php_namespace_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000080u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::php_namespace() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_namespace)
+  return _internal_php_namespace();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_php_namespace(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_php_namespace(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_namespace)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::mutable_php_namespace() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_namespace)
+  return _internal_mutable_php_namespace();
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::_internal_php_namespace() const {
+  return php_namespace_.Get();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_php_namespace(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
+  php_namespace_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_php_namespace(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
+  php_namespace_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_namespace)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_php_namespace(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
+  php_namespace_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_namespace)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_php_namespace(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
+  php_namespace_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_namespace)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::_internal_mutable_php_namespace() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
+  return php_namespace_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::release_php_namespace() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_namespace)
+  if (!_internal_has_php_namespace()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000080u;
+  return php_namespace_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_allocated_php_namespace(std::string* php_namespace) {
+  if (php_namespace != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000080u;
+  }
+  php_namespace_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), php_namespace,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_namespace)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::unsafe_arena_release_php_namespace() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_namespace)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000080u;
+  return php_namespace_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_php_namespace(
+    std::string* php_namespace) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (php_namespace != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000080u;
+  }
+  php_namespace_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      php_namespace, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_namespace)
+}
+
+// optional string php_metadata_namespace = 44;
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_php_metadata_namespace() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000100u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_php_metadata_namespace() const {
+  return _internal_has_php_metadata_namespace();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_php_metadata_namespace() {
+  php_metadata_namespace_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000100u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::php_metadata_namespace() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_metadata_namespace)
+  return _internal_php_metadata_namespace();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_php_metadata_namespace(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_php_metadata_namespace(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_metadata_namespace)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::mutable_php_metadata_namespace() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_metadata_namespace)
+  return _internal_mutable_php_metadata_namespace();
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::_internal_php_metadata_namespace() const {
+  return php_metadata_namespace_.Get();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_php_metadata_namespace(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000100u;
+  php_metadata_namespace_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_php_metadata_namespace(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000100u;
+  php_metadata_namespace_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_metadata_namespace)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_php_metadata_namespace(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000100u;
+  php_metadata_namespace_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_metadata_namespace)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_php_metadata_namespace(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000100u;
+  php_metadata_namespace_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_metadata_namespace)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::_internal_mutable_php_metadata_namespace() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000100u;
+  return php_metadata_namespace_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::release_php_metadata_namespace() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_metadata_namespace)
+  if (!_internal_has_php_metadata_namespace()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000100u;
+  return php_metadata_namespace_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_allocated_php_metadata_namespace(std::string* php_metadata_namespace) {
+  if (php_metadata_namespace != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000100u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000100u;
+  }
+  php_metadata_namespace_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), php_metadata_namespace,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_metadata_namespace)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::unsafe_arena_release_php_metadata_namespace() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_metadata_namespace)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000100u;
+  return php_metadata_namespace_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_php_metadata_namespace(
+    std::string* php_metadata_namespace) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (php_metadata_namespace != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000100u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000100u;
+  }
+  php_metadata_namespace_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      php_metadata_namespace, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.php_metadata_namespace)
+}
+
+// optional string ruby_package = 45;
+inline bool FileOptions::_internal_has_ruby_package() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000200u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::has_ruby_package() const {
+  return _internal_has_ruby_package();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_ruby_package() {
+  ruby_package_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000200u;
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::ruby_package() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.ruby_package)
+  return _internal_ruby_package();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_ruby_package(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_ruby_package(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.ruby_package)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::mutable_ruby_package() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.ruby_package)
+  return _internal_mutable_ruby_package();
+}
+inline const std::string& FileOptions::_internal_ruby_package() const {
+  return ruby_package_.Get();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::_internal_set_ruby_package(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000200u;
+  ruby_package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_ruby_package(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000200u;
+  ruby_package_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.FileOptions.ruby_package)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_ruby_package(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000200u;
+  ruby_package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.ruby_package)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_ruby_package(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000200u;
+  ruby_package_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.ruby_package)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::_internal_mutable_ruby_package() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000200u;
+  return ruby_package_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::release_ruby_package() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.ruby_package)
+  if (!_internal_has_ruby_package()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000200u;
+  return ruby_package_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_allocated_ruby_package(std::string* ruby_package) {
+  if (ruby_package != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000200u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000200u;
+  }
+  ruby_package_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ruby_package,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.ruby_package)
+}
+inline std::string* FileOptions::unsafe_arena_release_ruby_package() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.ruby_package)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000200u;
+  return ruby_package_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_ruby_package(
+    std::string* ruby_package) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (ruby_package != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000200u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000200u;
+  }
+  ruby_package_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ruby_package, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.ruby_package)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+inline int FileOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+inline int FileOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* FileOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+FileOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& FileOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& FileOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* FileOptions::_internal_add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* FileOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+FileOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// MessageOptions
+
+// optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default = false];
+inline bool MessageOptions::_internal_has_message_set_wire_format() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool MessageOptions::has_message_set_wire_format() const {
+  return _internal_has_message_set_wire_format();
+}
+inline void MessageOptions::clear_message_set_wire_format() {
+  message_set_wire_format_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline bool MessageOptions::_internal_message_set_wire_format() const {
+  return message_set_wire_format_;
+}
+inline bool MessageOptions::message_set_wire_format() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.message_set_wire_format)
+  return _internal_message_set_wire_format();
+}
+inline void MessageOptions::_internal_set_message_set_wire_format(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  message_set_wire_format_ = value;
+}
+inline void MessageOptions::set_message_set_wire_format(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_message_set_wire_format(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.message_set_wire_format)
+}
+
+// optional bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor = 2 [default = false];
+inline bool MessageOptions::_internal_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool MessageOptions::has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const {
+  return _internal_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor();
+}
+inline void MessageOptions::clear_no_standard_descriptor_accessor() {
+  no_standard_descriptor_accessor_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline bool MessageOptions::_internal_no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const {
+  return no_standard_descriptor_accessor_;
+}
+inline bool MessageOptions::no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.no_standard_descriptor_accessor)
+  return _internal_no_standard_descriptor_accessor();
+}
+inline void MessageOptions::_internal_set_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  no_standard_descriptor_accessor_ = value;
+}
+inline void MessageOptions::set_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.no_standard_descriptor_accessor)
+}
+
+// optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+inline bool MessageOptions::_internal_has_deprecated() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool MessageOptions::has_deprecated() const {
+  return _internal_has_deprecated();
+}
+inline void MessageOptions::clear_deprecated() {
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+inline bool MessageOptions::_internal_deprecated() const {
+  return deprecated_;
+}
+inline bool MessageOptions::deprecated() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.deprecated)
+  return _internal_deprecated();
+}
+inline void MessageOptions::_internal_set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  deprecated_ = value;
+}
+inline void MessageOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_deprecated(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.deprecated)
+}
+
+// optional bool map_entry = 7;
+inline bool MessageOptions::_internal_has_map_entry() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool MessageOptions::has_map_entry() const {
+  return _internal_has_map_entry();
+}
+inline void MessageOptions::clear_map_entry() {
+  map_entry_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+inline bool MessageOptions::_internal_map_entry() const {
+  return map_entry_;
+}
+inline bool MessageOptions::map_entry() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.map_entry)
+  return _internal_map_entry();
+}
+inline void MessageOptions::_internal_set_map_entry(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  map_entry_ = value;
+}
+inline void MessageOptions::set_map_entry(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_map_entry(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.map_entry)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+inline int MessageOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+inline int MessageOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+}
+inline void MessageOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* MessageOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+MessageOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& MessageOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& MessageOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* MessageOptions::_internal_add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* MessageOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+MessageOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// FieldOptions
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];
+inline bool FieldOptions::_internal_has_ctype() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions::has_ctype() const {
+  return _internal_has_ctype();
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::clear_ctype() {
+  ctype_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType FieldOptions::_internal_ctype() const {
+  return static_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType >(ctype_);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType FieldOptions::ctype() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.ctype)
+  return _internal_ctype();
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::_internal_set_ctype(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType value) {
+  assert(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType_IsValid(value));
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  ctype_ = value;
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::set_ctype(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType value) {
+  _internal_set_ctype(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.ctype)
+}
+
+// optional bool packed = 2;
+inline bool FieldOptions::_internal_has_packed() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions::has_packed() const {
+  return _internal_has_packed();
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::clear_packed() {
+  packed_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions::_internal_packed() const {
+  return packed_;
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions::packed() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.packed)
+  return _internal_packed();
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::_internal_set_packed(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  packed_ = value;
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::set_packed(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_packed(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.packed)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];
+inline bool FieldOptions::_internal_has_jstype() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions::has_jstype() const {
+  return _internal_has_jstype();
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::clear_jstype() {
+  jstype_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::_internal_jstype() const {
+  return static_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType >(jstype_);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::jstype() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.jstype)
+  return _internal_jstype();
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::_internal_set_jstype(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType value) {
+  assert(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType_IsValid(value));
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  jstype_ = value;
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::set_jstype(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType value) {
+  _internal_set_jstype(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.jstype)
+}
+
+// optional bool lazy = 5 [default = false];
+inline bool FieldOptions::_internal_has_lazy() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions::has_lazy() const {
+  return _internal_has_lazy();
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::clear_lazy() {
+  lazy_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions::_internal_lazy() const {
+  return lazy_;
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions::lazy() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.lazy)
+  return _internal_lazy();
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::_internal_set_lazy(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  lazy_ = value;
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::set_lazy(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_lazy(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.lazy)
+}
+
+// optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+inline bool FieldOptions::_internal_has_deprecated() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions::has_deprecated() const {
+  return _internal_has_deprecated();
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::clear_deprecated() {
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions::_internal_deprecated() const {
+  return deprecated_;
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions::deprecated() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.deprecated)
+  return _internal_deprecated();
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::_internal_set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  deprecated_ = value;
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_deprecated(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.deprecated)
+}
+
+// optional bool weak = 10 [default = false];
+inline bool FieldOptions::_internal_has_weak() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions::has_weak() const {
+  return _internal_has_weak();
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::clear_weak() {
+  weak_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions::_internal_weak() const {
+  return weak_;
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions::weak() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.weak)
+  return _internal_weak();
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::_internal_set_weak(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  weak_ = value;
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::set_weak(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_weak(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.weak)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+inline int FieldOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+inline int FieldOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* FieldOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+FieldOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& FieldOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& FieldOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* FieldOptions::_internal_add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* FieldOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+FieldOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// OneofOptions
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+inline int OneofOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+inline int OneofOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+}
+inline void OneofOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* OneofOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.OneofOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+OneofOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.OneofOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& OneofOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& OneofOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.OneofOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* OneofOptions::_internal_add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* OneofOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.OneofOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+OneofOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.OneofOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// EnumOptions
+
+// optional bool allow_alias = 2;
+inline bool EnumOptions::_internal_has_allow_alias() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool EnumOptions::has_allow_alias() const {
+  return _internal_has_allow_alias();
+}
+inline void EnumOptions::clear_allow_alias() {
+  allow_alias_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline bool EnumOptions::_internal_allow_alias() const {
+  return allow_alias_;
+}
+inline bool EnumOptions::allow_alias() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.allow_alias)
+  return _internal_allow_alias();
+}
+inline void EnumOptions::_internal_set_allow_alias(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  allow_alias_ = value;
+}
+inline void EnumOptions::set_allow_alias(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_allow_alias(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.allow_alias)
+}
+
+// optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+inline bool EnumOptions::_internal_has_deprecated() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool EnumOptions::has_deprecated() const {
+  return _internal_has_deprecated();
+}
+inline void EnumOptions::clear_deprecated() {
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline bool EnumOptions::_internal_deprecated() const {
+  return deprecated_;
+}
+inline bool EnumOptions::deprecated() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.deprecated)
+  return _internal_deprecated();
+}
+inline void EnumOptions::_internal_set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  deprecated_ = value;
+}
+inline void EnumOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_deprecated(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.deprecated)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+inline int EnumOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+inline int EnumOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+}
+inline void EnumOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* EnumOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+EnumOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& EnumOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& EnumOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* EnumOptions::_internal_add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* EnumOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+EnumOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// EnumValueOptions
+
+// optional bool deprecated = 1 [default = false];
+inline bool EnumValueOptions::_internal_has_deprecated() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool EnumValueOptions::has_deprecated() const {
+  return _internal_has_deprecated();
+}
+inline void EnumValueOptions::clear_deprecated() {
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline bool EnumValueOptions::_internal_deprecated() const {
+  return deprecated_;
+}
+inline bool EnumValueOptions::deprecated() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.deprecated)
+  return _internal_deprecated();
+}
+inline void EnumValueOptions::_internal_set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  deprecated_ = value;
+}
+inline void EnumValueOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_deprecated(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.deprecated)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+inline int EnumValueOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+inline int EnumValueOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+}
+inline void EnumValueOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* EnumValueOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+EnumValueOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& EnumValueOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& EnumValueOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* EnumValueOptions::_internal_add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* EnumValueOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+EnumValueOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// ServiceOptions
+
+// optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
+inline bool ServiceOptions::_internal_has_deprecated() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool ServiceOptions::has_deprecated() const {
+  return _internal_has_deprecated();
+}
+inline void ServiceOptions::clear_deprecated() {
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline bool ServiceOptions::_internal_deprecated() const {
+  return deprecated_;
+}
+inline bool ServiceOptions::deprecated() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.deprecated)
+  return _internal_deprecated();
+}
+inline void ServiceOptions::_internal_set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  deprecated_ = value;
+}
+inline void ServiceOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_deprecated(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.deprecated)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+inline int ServiceOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+inline int ServiceOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+}
+inline void ServiceOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* ServiceOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+ServiceOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& ServiceOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& ServiceOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* ServiceOptions::_internal_add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* ServiceOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+ServiceOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// MethodOptions
+
+// optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
+inline bool MethodOptions::_internal_has_deprecated() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool MethodOptions::has_deprecated() const {
+  return _internal_has_deprecated();
+}
+inline void MethodOptions::clear_deprecated() {
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline bool MethodOptions::_internal_deprecated() const {
+  return deprecated_;
+}
+inline bool MethodOptions::deprecated() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.deprecated)
+  return _internal_deprecated();
+}
+inline void MethodOptions::_internal_set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  deprecated_ = value;
+}
+inline void MethodOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_deprecated(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.deprecated)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions.IdempotencyLevel idempotency_level = 34 [default = IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN];
+inline bool MethodOptions::_internal_has_idempotency_level() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool MethodOptions::has_idempotency_level() const {
+  return _internal_has_idempotency_level();
+}
+inline void MethodOptions::clear_idempotency_level() {
+  idempotency_level_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel MethodOptions::_internal_idempotency_level() const {
+  return static_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel >(idempotency_level_);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel MethodOptions::idempotency_level() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.idempotency_level)
+  return _internal_idempotency_level();
+}
+inline void MethodOptions::_internal_set_idempotency_level(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel value) {
+  assert(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_IsValid(value));
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  idempotency_level_ = value;
+}
+inline void MethodOptions::set_idempotency_level(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel value) {
+  _internal_set_idempotency_level(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.idempotency_level)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+inline int MethodOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+inline int MethodOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option_size();
+}
+inline void MethodOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* MethodOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >*
+MethodOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& MethodOptions::_internal_uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption& MethodOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_uninterpreted_option(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* MethodOptions::_internal_add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption* MethodOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return _internal_add_uninterpreted_option();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption >&
+MethodOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// UninterpretedOption_NamePart
+
+// required string name_part = 1;
+inline bool UninterpretedOption_NamePart::_internal_has_name_part() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool UninterpretedOption_NamePart::has_name_part() const {
+  return _internal_has_name_part();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::clear_name_part() {
+  name_part_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& UninterpretedOption_NamePart::name_part() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+  return _internal_name_part();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_name_part(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name_part(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::mutable_name_part() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+  return _internal_mutable_name_part();
+}
+inline const std::string& UninterpretedOption_NamePart::_internal_name_part() const {
+  return name_part_.Get();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::_internal_set_name_part(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_part_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_name_part(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_part_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_name_part(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_part_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_name_part(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_part_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::_internal_mutable_name_part() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return name_part_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::release_name_part() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+  if (!_internal_has_name_part()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_part_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_allocated_name_part(std::string* name_part) {
+  if (name_part != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_part_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name_part,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::unsafe_arena_release_name_part() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_part_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name_part(
+    std::string* name_part) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (name_part != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_part_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name_part, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+}
+
+// required bool is_extension = 2;
+inline bool UninterpretedOption_NamePart::_internal_has_is_extension() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool UninterpretedOption_NamePart::has_is_extension() const {
+  return _internal_has_is_extension();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::clear_is_extension() {
+  is_extension_ = false;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline bool UninterpretedOption_NamePart::_internal_is_extension() const {
+  return is_extension_;
+}
+inline bool UninterpretedOption_NamePart::is_extension() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.is_extension)
+  return _internal_is_extension();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::_internal_set_is_extension(bool value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  is_extension_ = value;
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_is_extension(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_is_extension(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.is_extension)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// UninterpretedOption
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart name = 2;
+inline int UninterpretedOption::_internal_name_size() const {
+  return name_.size();
+}
+inline int UninterpretedOption::name_size() const {
+  return _internal_name_size();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::clear_name() {
+  name_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart* UninterpretedOption::mutable_name(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.name)
+  return name_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart >*
+UninterpretedOption::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.name)
+  return &name_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart& UninterpretedOption::_internal_name(int index) const {
+  return name_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart& UninterpretedOption::name(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.name)
+  return _internal_name(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart* UninterpretedOption::_internal_add_name() {
+  return name_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart* UninterpretedOption::add_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.name)
+  return _internal_add_name();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UninterpretedOption_NamePart >&
+UninterpretedOption::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.name)
+  return name_;
+}
+
+// optional string identifier_value = 3;
+inline bool UninterpretedOption::_internal_has_identifier_value() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool UninterpretedOption::has_identifier_value() const {
+  return _internal_has_identifier_value();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::clear_identifier_value() {
+  identifier_value_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& UninterpretedOption::identifier_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+  return _internal_identifier_value();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_identifier_value(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_identifier_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption::mutable_identifier_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+  return _internal_mutable_identifier_value();
+}
+inline const std::string& UninterpretedOption::_internal_identifier_value() const {
+  return identifier_value_.Get();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::_internal_set_identifier_value(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  identifier_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_identifier_value(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  identifier_value_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_identifier_value(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  identifier_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_identifier_value(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  identifier_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption::_internal_mutable_identifier_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return identifier_value_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption::release_identifier_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+  if (!_internal_has_identifier_value()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return identifier_value_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_allocated_identifier_value(std::string* identifier_value) {
+  if (identifier_value != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  identifier_value_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), identifier_value,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption::unsafe_arena_release_identifier_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return identifier_value_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_identifier_value(
+    std::string* identifier_value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (identifier_value != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  identifier_value_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      identifier_value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+}
+
+// optional uint64 positive_int_value = 4;
+inline bool UninterpretedOption::_internal_has_positive_int_value() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool UninterpretedOption::has_positive_int_value() const {
+  return _internal_has_positive_int_value();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::clear_positive_int_value() {
+  positive_int_value_ = PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 UninterpretedOption::_internal_positive_int_value() const {
+  return positive_int_value_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 UninterpretedOption::positive_int_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.positive_int_value)
+  return _internal_positive_int_value();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::_internal_set_positive_int_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  positive_int_value_ = value;
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_positive_int_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 value) {
+  _internal_set_positive_int_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.positive_int_value)
+}
+
+// optional int64 negative_int_value = 5;
+inline bool UninterpretedOption::_internal_has_negative_int_value() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool UninterpretedOption::has_negative_int_value() const {
+  return _internal_has_negative_int_value();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::clear_negative_int_value() {
+  negative_int_value_ = PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(0);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 UninterpretedOption::_internal_negative_int_value() const {
+  return negative_int_value_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 UninterpretedOption::negative_int_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.negative_int_value)
+  return _internal_negative_int_value();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::_internal_set_negative_int_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  negative_int_value_ = value;
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_negative_int_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value) {
+  _internal_set_negative_int_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.negative_int_value)
+}
+
+// optional double double_value = 6;
+inline bool UninterpretedOption::_internal_has_double_value() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool UninterpretedOption::has_double_value() const {
+  return _internal_has_double_value();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::clear_double_value() {
+  double_value_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+}
+inline double UninterpretedOption::_internal_double_value() const {
+  return double_value_;
+}
+inline double UninterpretedOption::double_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.double_value)
+  return _internal_double_value();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::_internal_set_double_value(double value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  double_value_ = value;
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_double_value(double value) {
+  _internal_set_double_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.double_value)
+}
+
+// optional bytes string_value = 7;
+inline bool UninterpretedOption::_internal_has_string_value() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool UninterpretedOption::has_string_value() const {
+  return _internal_has_string_value();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::clear_string_value() {
+  string_value_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline const std::string& UninterpretedOption::string_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+  return _internal_string_value();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_string_value(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_string_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption::mutable_string_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+  return _internal_mutable_string_value();
+}
+inline const std::string& UninterpretedOption::_internal_string_value() const {
+  return string_value_.Get();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::_internal_set_string_value(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  string_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_string_value(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  string_value_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_string_value(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  string_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_string_value(const void* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  string_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption::_internal_mutable_string_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  return string_value_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption::release_string_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+  if (!_internal_has_string_value()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  return string_value_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_allocated_string_value(std::string* string_value) {
+  if (string_value != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  string_value_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), string_value,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption::unsafe_arena_release_string_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  return string_value_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_string_value(
+    std::string* string_value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (string_value != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  string_value_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      string_value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+}
+
+// optional string aggregate_value = 8;
+inline bool UninterpretedOption::_internal_has_aggregate_value() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool UninterpretedOption::has_aggregate_value() const {
+  return _internal_has_aggregate_value();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::clear_aggregate_value() {
+  aggregate_value_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+inline const std::string& UninterpretedOption::aggregate_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+  return _internal_aggregate_value();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_aggregate_value(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_aggregate_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption::mutable_aggregate_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+  return _internal_mutable_aggregate_value();
+}
+inline const std::string& UninterpretedOption::_internal_aggregate_value() const {
+  return aggregate_value_.Get();
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::_internal_set_aggregate_value(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  aggregate_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_aggregate_value(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  aggregate_value_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_aggregate_value(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  aggregate_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_aggregate_value(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  aggregate_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption::_internal_mutable_aggregate_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  return aggregate_value_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption::release_aggregate_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+  if (!_internal_has_aggregate_value()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  return aggregate_value_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::set_allocated_aggregate_value(std::string* aggregate_value) {
+  if (aggregate_value != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  }
+  aggregate_value_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), aggregate_value,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+}
+inline std::string* UninterpretedOption::unsafe_arena_release_aggregate_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  return aggregate_value_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void UninterpretedOption::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_aggregate_value(
+    std::string* aggregate_value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (aggregate_value != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  }
+  aggregate_value_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      aggregate_value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// SourceCodeInfo_Location
+
+// repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
+inline int SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_path_size() const {
+  return path_.size();
+}
+inline int SourceCodeInfo_Location::path_size() const {
+  return _internal_path_size();
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_path() {
+  path_.Clear();
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_path(int index) const {
+  return path_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 SourceCodeInfo_Location::path(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
+  return _internal_path(index);
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_path(int index, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  path_.Set(index, value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_add_path(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  path_.Add(value);
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_path(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_add_path(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_path() const {
+  return path_;
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::path() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
+  return _internal_path();
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_mutable_path() {
+  return &path_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_path() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
+  return _internal_mutable_path();
+}
+
+// repeated int32 span = 2 [packed = true];
+inline int SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_span_size() const {
+  return span_.size();
+}
+inline int SourceCodeInfo_Location::span_size() const {
+  return _internal_span_size();
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_span() {
+  span_.Clear();
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_span(int index) const {
+  return span_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 SourceCodeInfo_Location::span(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
+  return _internal_span(index);
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_span(int index, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  span_.Set(index, value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_add_span(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  span_.Add(value);
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_span(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_add_span(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_span() const {
+  return span_;
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::span() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
+  return _internal_span();
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_mutable_span() {
+  return &span_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_span() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
+  return _internal_mutable_span();
+}
+
+// optional string leading_comments = 3;
+inline bool SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_has_leading_comments() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool SourceCodeInfo_Location::has_leading_comments() const {
+  return _internal_has_leading_comments();
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_leading_comments() {
+  leading_comments_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_comments() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+  return _internal_leading_comments();
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_comments(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_leading_comments(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+}
+inline std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_leading_comments() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+  return _internal_mutable_leading_comments();
+}
+inline const std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_leading_comments() const {
+  return leading_comments_.Get();
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_set_leading_comments(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  leading_comments_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_comments(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  leading_comments_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_comments(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  leading_comments_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_comments(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  leading_comments_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+}
+inline std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_mutable_leading_comments() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return leading_comments_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::release_leading_comments() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+  if (!_internal_has_leading_comments()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return leading_comments_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_allocated_leading_comments(std::string* leading_comments) {
+  if (leading_comments != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  leading_comments_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), leading_comments,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+}
+inline std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::unsafe_arena_release_leading_comments() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return leading_comments_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_leading_comments(
+    std::string* leading_comments) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (leading_comments != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  leading_comments_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      leading_comments, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+}
+
+// optional string trailing_comments = 4;
+inline bool SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_has_trailing_comments() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool SourceCodeInfo_Location::has_trailing_comments() const {
+  return _internal_has_trailing_comments();
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_trailing_comments() {
+  trailing_comments_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline const std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::trailing_comments() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+  return _internal_trailing_comments();
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_trailing_comments(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_trailing_comments(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+}
+inline std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_trailing_comments() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+  return _internal_mutable_trailing_comments();
+}
+inline const std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_trailing_comments() const {
+  return trailing_comments_.Get();
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_set_trailing_comments(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  trailing_comments_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_trailing_comments(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  trailing_comments_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_trailing_comments(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  trailing_comments_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_trailing_comments(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  trailing_comments_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+}
+inline std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_mutable_trailing_comments() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  return trailing_comments_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::release_trailing_comments() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+  if (!_internal_has_trailing_comments()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  return trailing_comments_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_allocated_trailing_comments(std::string* trailing_comments) {
+  if (trailing_comments != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  trailing_comments_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), trailing_comments,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+}
+inline std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::unsafe_arena_release_trailing_comments() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  return trailing_comments_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_trailing_comments(
+    std::string* trailing_comments) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (trailing_comments != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  trailing_comments_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      trailing_comments, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+}
+
+// repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
+inline int SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_leading_detached_comments_size() const {
+  return leading_detached_comments_.size();
+}
+inline int SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_detached_comments_size() const {
+  return _internal_leading_detached_comments_size();
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_leading_detached_comments() {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Clear();
+}
+inline std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  return _internal_add_leading_detached_comments();
+}
+inline const std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_leading_detached_comments(int index) const {
+  return leading_detached_comments_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_detached_comments(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  return _internal_leading_detached_comments(index);
+}
+inline std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_leading_detached_comments(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  return leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, std::string&& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index)->assign(std::move(value));
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+inline std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::_internal_add_leading_detached_comments() {
+  return leading_detached_comments_.Add();
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const std::string& value) {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(std::string&& value) {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Add(std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  leading_detached_comments_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>&
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_detached_comments() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  return leading_detached_comments_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>*
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_leading_detached_comments() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  return &leading_detached_comments_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// SourceCodeInfo
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location location = 1;
+inline int SourceCodeInfo::_internal_location_size() const {
+  return location_.size();
+}
+inline int SourceCodeInfo::location_size() const {
+  return _internal_location_size();
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo::clear_location() {
+  location_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location* SourceCodeInfo::mutable_location(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.location)
+  return location_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location >*
+SourceCodeInfo::mutable_location() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.location)
+  return &location_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location& SourceCodeInfo::_internal_location(int index) const {
+  return location_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location& SourceCodeInfo::location(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.location)
+  return _internal_location(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location* SourceCodeInfo::_internal_add_location() {
+  return location_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location* SourceCodeInfo::add_location() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.location)
+  return _internal_add_location();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceCodeInfo_Location >&
+SourceCodeInfo::location() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.location)
+  return location_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation
+
+// repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
+inline int GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_path_size() const {
+  return path_.size();
+}
+inline int GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::path_size() const {
+  return _internal_path_size();
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::clear_path() {
+  path_.Clear();
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_path(int index) const {
+  return path_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::path(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.path)
+  return _internal_path(index);
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_path(int index, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  path_.Set(index, value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.path)
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_add_path(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  path_.Add(value);
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::add_path(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_add_path(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.path)
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_path() const {
+  return path_;
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >&
+GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::path() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.path)
+  return _internal_path();
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_mutable_path() {
+  return &path_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedField< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 >*
+GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::mutable_path() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.path)
+  return _internal_mutable_path();
+}
+
+// optional string source_file = 2;
+inline bool GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_has_source_file() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::has_source_file() const {
+  return _internal_has_source_file();
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::clear_source_file() {
+  source_file_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::source_file() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
+  return _internal_source_file();
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_source_file(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_source_file(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
+}
+inline std::string* GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::mutable_source_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
+  return _internal_mutable_source_file();
+}
+inline const std::string& GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_source_file() const {
+  return source_file_.Get();
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_set_source_file(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  source_file_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_source_file(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  source_file_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_source_file(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  source_file_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_source_file(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  source_file_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
+}
+inline std::string* GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_mutable_source_file() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return source_file_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::release_source_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
+  if (!_internal_has_source_file()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return source_file_.ReleaseNonDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_allocated_source_file(std::string* source_file) {
+  if (source_file != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  source_file_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), source_file,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
+}
+inline std::string* GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::unsafe_arena_release_source_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return source_file_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_source_file(
+    std::string* source_file) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (source_file != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  source_file_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      source_file, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
+}
+
+// optional int32 begin = 3;
+inline bool GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_has_begin() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::has_begin() const {
+  return _internal_has_begin();
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::clear_begin() {
+  begin_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_begin() const {
+  return begin_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::begin() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.begin)
+  return _internal_begin();
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_set_begin(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  begin_ = value;
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_begin(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_begin(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.begin)
+}
+
+// optional int32 end = 4;
+inline bool GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_has_end() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::has_end() const {
+  return _internal_has_end();
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::clear_end() {
+  end_ = 0;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_end() const {
+  return end_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::end() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.end)
+  return _internal_end();
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::_internal_set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  end_ = value;
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_end(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_end(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.end)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// GeneratedCodeInfo
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation annotation = 1;
+inline int GeneratedCodeInfo::_internal_annotation_size() const {
+  return annotation_.size();
+}
+inline int GeneratedCodeInfo::annotation_size() const {
+  return _internal_annotation_size();
+}
+inline void GeneratedCodeInfo::clear_annotation() {
+  annotation_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* GeneratedCodeInfo::mutable_annotation(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.annotation)
+  return annotation_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation >*
+GeneratedCodeInfo::mutable_annotation() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.annotation)
+  return &annotation_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& GeneratedCodeInfo::_internal_annotation(int index) const {
+  return annotation_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& GeneratedCodeInfo::annotation(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.annotation)
+  return _internal_annotation(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* GeneratedCodeInfo::_internal_add_annotation() {
+  return annotation_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* GeneratedCodeInfo::add_annotation() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.annotation)
+  return _internal_add_annotation();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation >&
+GeneratedCodeInfo::annotation() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.annotation)
+  return annotation_;
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+template <> struct is_proto_enum< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type> : ::std::true_type {};
+template <>
+inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type>() {
+  return PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Type_descriptor();
+}
+template <> struct is_proto_enum< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label> : ::std::true_type {};
+template <>
+inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label>() {
+  return PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptorProto_Label_descriptor();
+}
+template <> struct is_proto_enum< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode> : ::std::true_type {};
+template <>
+inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode>() {
+  return PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FileOptions_OptimizeMode_descriptor();
+}
+template <> struct is_proto_enum< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType> : ::std::true_type {};
+template <>
+inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType>() {
+  return PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_CType_descriptor();
+}
+template <> struct is_proto_enum< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType> : ::std::true_type {};
+template <>
+inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType>() {
+  return PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor();
+}
+template <> struct is_proto_enum< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel> : ::std::true_type {};
+template <>
+inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel>() {
+  return PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodOptions_IdempotencyLevel_descriptor();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a2102d7aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,885 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// The messages in this file describe the definitions found in .proto files.
+// A valid .proto file can be translated directly to a FileDescriptorProto
+// without any other information (e.g. without reading its imports).
+
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option go_package = "github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go/descriptor;descriptor";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "DescriptorProtos";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.Reflection";
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+// descriptor.proto must be optimized for speed because reflection-based
+// algorithms don't work during bootstrapping.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+// The protocol compiler can output a FileDescriptorSet containing the .proto
+// files it parses.
+message FileDescriptorSet {
+  repeated FileDescriptorProto file = 1;
+}
+
+// Describes a complete .proto file.
+message FileDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;     // file name, relative to root of source tree
+  optional string package = 2;  // e.g. "foo", "foo.bar", etc.
+
+  // Names of files imported by this file.
+  repeated string dependency = 3;
+  // Indexes of the public imported files in the dependency list above.
+  repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;
+  // Indexes of the weak imported files in the dependency list.
+  // For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+  repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;
+
+  // All top-level definitions in this file.
+  repeated DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+  repeated EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;
+  repeated ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;
+  repeated FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;
+
+  optional FileOptions options = 8;
+
+  // This field contains optional information about the original source code.
+  // You may safely remove this entire field without harming runtime
+  // functionality of the descriptors -- the information is needed only by
+  // development tools.
+  optional SourceCodeInfo source_code_info = 9;
+
+  // The syntax of the proto file.
+  // The supported values are "proto2" and "proto3".
+  optional string syntax = 12;
+}
+
+// Describes a message type.
+message DescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+
+  repeated FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+  repeated FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;
+
+  repeated DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;
+  repeated EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;
+
+  message ExtensionRange {
+    optional int32 start = 1;  // Inclusive.
+    optional int32 end = 2;    // Exclusive.
+
+    optional ExtensionRangeOptions options = 3;
+  }
+  repeated ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;
+
+  repeated OneofDescriptorProto oneof_decl = 8;
+
+  optional MessageOptions options = 7;
+
+  // Range of reserved tag numbers. Reserved tag numbers may not be used by
+  // fields or extension ranges in the same message. Reserved ranges may
+  // not overlap.
+  message ReservedRange {
+    optional int32 start = 1;  // Inclusive.
+    optional int32 end = 2;    // Exclusive.
+  }
+  repeated ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
+  // Reserved field names, which may not be used by fields in the same message.
+  // A given name may only be reserved once.
+  repeated string reserved_name = 10;
+}
+
+message ExtensionRangeOptions {
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+// Describes a field within a message.
+message FieldDescriptorProto {
+  enum Type {
+    // 0 is reserved for errors.
+    // Order is weird for historical reasons.
+    TYPE_DOUBLE = 1;
+    TYPE_FLOAT = 2;
+    // Not ZigZag encoded.  Negative numbers take 10 bytes.  Use TYPE_SINT64 if
+    // negative values are likely.
+    TYPE_INT64 = 3;
+    TYPE_UINT64 = 4;
+    // Not ZigZag encoded.  Negative numbers take 10 bytes.  Use TYPE_SINT32 if
+    // negative values are likely.
+    TYPE_INT32 = 5;
+    TYPE_FIXED64 = 6;
+    TYPE_FIXED32 = 7;
+    TYPE_BOOL = 8;
+    TYPE_STRING = 9;
+    // Tag-delimited aggregate.
+    // Group type is deprecated and not supported in proto3. However, Proto3
+    // implementations should still be able to parse the group wire format and
+    // treat group fields as unknown fields.
+    TYPE_GROUP = 10;
+    TYPE_MESSAGE = 11;  // Length-delimited aggregate.
+
+    // New in version 2.
+    TYPE_BYTES = 12;
+    TYPE_UINT32 = 13;
+    TYPE_ENUM = 14;
+    TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15;
+    TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16;
+    TYPE_SINT32 = 17;  // Uses ZigZag encoding.
+    TYPE_SINT64 = 18;  // Uses ZigZag encoding.
+  }
+
+  enum Label {
+    // 0 is reserved for errors
+    LABEL_OPTIONAL = 1;
+    LABEL_REQUIRED = 2;
+    LABEL_REPEATED = 3;
+  }
+
+  optional string name = 1;
+  optional int32 number = 3;
+  optional Label label = 4;
+
+  // If type_name is set, this need not be set.  If both this and type_name
+  // are set, this must be one of TYPE_ENUM, TYPE_MESSAGE or TYPE_GROUP.
+  optional Type type = 5;
+
+  // For message and enum types, this is the name of the type.  If the name
+  // starts with a '.', it is fully-qualified.  Otherwise, C++-like scoping
+  // rules are used to find the type (i.e. first the nested types within this
+  // message are searched, then within the parent, on up to the root
+  // namespace).
+  optional string type_name = 6;
+
+  // For extensions, this is the name of the type being extended.  It is
+  // resolved in the same manner as type_name.
+  optional string extendee = 2;
+
+  // For numeric types, contains the original text representation of the value.
+  // For booleans, "true" or "false".
+  // For strings, contains the default text contents (not escaped in any way).
+  // For bytes, contains the C escaped value.  All bytes >= 128 are escaped.
+  // TODO(kenton):  Base-64 encode?
+  optional string default_value = 7;
+
+  // If set, gives the index of a oneof in the containing type's oneof_decl
+  // list.  This field is a member of that oneof.
+  optional int32 oneof_index = 9;
+
+  // JSON name of this field. The value is set by protocol compiler. If the
+  // user has set a "json_name" option on this field, that option's value
+  // will be used. Otherwise, it's deduced from the field's name by converting
+  // it to camelCase.
+  optional string json_name = 10;
+
+  optional FieldOptions options = 8;
+}
+
+// Describes a oneof.
+message OneofDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+  optional OneofOptions options = 2;
+}
+
+// Describes an enum type.
+message EnumDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+
+  repeated EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;
+
+  optional EnumOptions options = 3;
+
+  // Range of reserved numeric values. Reserved values may not be used by
+  // entries in the same enum. Reserved ranges may not overlap.
+  //
+  // Note that this is distinct from DescriptorProto.ReservedRange in that it
+  // is inclusive such that it can appropriately represent the entire int32
+  // domain.
+  message EnumReservedRange {
+    optional int32 start = 1;  // Inclusive.
+    optional int32 end = 2;    // Inclusive.
+  }
+
+  // Range of reserved numeric values. Reserved numeric values may not be used
+  // by enum values in the same enum declaration. Reserved ranges may not
+  // overlap.
+  repeated EnumReservedRange reserved_range = 4;
+
+  // Reserved enum value names, which may not be reused. A given name may only
+  // be reserved once.
+  repeated string reserved_name = 5;
+}
+
+// Describes a value within an enum.
+message EnumValueDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+  optional int32 number = 2;
+
+  optional EnumValueOptions options = 3;
+}
+
+// Describes a service.
+message ServiceDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+  repeated MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;
+
+  optional ServiceOptions options = 3;
+}
+
+// Describes a method of a service.
+message MethodDescriptorProto {
+  optional string name = 1;
+
+  // Input and output type names.  These are resolved in the same way as
+  // FieldDescriptorProto.type_name, but must refer to a message type.
+  optional string input_type = 2;
+  optional string output_type = 3;
+
+  optional MethodOptions options = 4;
+
+  // Identifies if client streams multiple client messages
+  optional bool client_streaming = 5 [default = false];
+  // Identifies if server streams multiple server messages
+  optional bool server_streaming = 6 [default = false];
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Options
+
+// Each of the definitions above may have "options" attached.  These are
+// just annotations which may cause code to be generated slightly differently
+// or may contain hints for code that manipulates protocol messages.
+//
+// Clients may define custom options as extensions of the *Options messages.
+// These extensions may not yet be known at parsing time, so the parser cannot
+// store the values in them.  Instead it stores them in a field in the *Options
+// message called uninterpreted_option. This field must have the same name
+// across all *Options messages. We then use this field to populate the
+// extensions when we build a descriptor, at which point all protos have been
+// parsed and so all extensions are known.
+//
+// Extension numbers for custom options may be chosen as follows:
+// * For options which will only be used within a single application or
+//   organization, or for experimental options, use field numbers 50000
+//   through 99999.  It is up to you to ensure that you do not use the
+//   same number for multiple options.
+// * For options which will be published and used publicly by multiple
+//   independent entities, e-mail protobuf-global-extension-registry@google.com
+//   to reserve extension numbers. Simply provide your project name (e.g.
+//   Objective-C plugin) and your project website (if available) -- there's no
+//   need to explain how you intend to use them. Usually you only need one
+//   extension number. You can declare multiple options with only one extension
+//   number by putting them in a sub-message. See the Custom Options section of
+//   the docs for examples:
+//   https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto#options
+//   If this turns out to be popular, a web service will be set up
+//   to automatically assign option numbers.
+
+message FileOptions {
+
+  // Sets the Java package where classes generated from this .proto will be
+  // placed.  By default, the proto package is used, but this is often
+  // inappropriate because proto packages do not normally start with backwards
+  // domain names.
+  optional string java_package = 1;
+
+
+  // If set, all the classes from the .proto file are wrapped in a single
+  // outer class with the given name.  This applies to both Proto1
+  // (equivalent to the old "--one_java_file" option) and Proto2 (where
+  // a .proto always translates to a single class, but you may want to
+  // explicitly choose the class name).
+  optional string java_outer_classname = 8;
+
+  // If set true, then the Java code generator will generate a separate .java
+  // file for each top-level message, enum, and service defined in the .proto
+  // file.  Thus, these types will *not* be nested inside the outer class
+  // named by java_outer_classname.  However, the outer class will still be
+  // generated to contain the file's getDescriptor() method as well as any
+  // top-level extensions defined in the file.
+  optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default = false];
+
+  // This option does nothing.
+  optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [deprecated=true];
+
+  // If set true, then the Java2 code generator will generate code that
+  // throws an exception whenever an attempt is made to assign a non-UTF-8
+  // byte sequence to a string field.
+  // Message reflection will do the same.
+  // However, an extension field still accepts non-UTF-8 byte sequences.
+  // This option has no effect on when used with the lite runtime.
+  optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];
+
+
+  // Generated classes can be optimized for speed or code size.
+  enum OptimizeMode {
+    SPEED = 1;         // Generate complete code for parsing, serialization,
+                       // etc.
+    CODE_SIZE = 2;     // Use ReflectionOps to implement these methods.
+    LITE_RUNTIME = 3;  // Generate code using MessageLite and the lite runtime.
+  }
+  optional OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default = SPEED];
+
+  // Sets the Go package where structs generated from this .proto will be
+  // placed. If omitted, the Go package will be derived from the following:
+  //   - The basename of the package import path, if provided.
+  //   - Otherwise, the package statement in the .proto file, if present.
+  //   - Otherwise, the basename of the .proto file, without extension.
+  optional string go_package = 11;
+
+
+
+
+  // Should generic services be generated in each language?  "Generic" services
+  // are not specific to any particular RPC system.  They are generated by the
+  // main code generators in each language (without additional plugins).
+  // Generic services were the only kind of service generation supported by
+  // early versions of google.protobuf.
+  //
+  // Generic services are now considered deprecated in favor of using plugins
+  // that generate code specific to your particular RPC system.  Therefore,
+  // these default to false.  Old code which depends on generic services should
+  // explicitly set them to true.
+  optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default = false];
+  optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];
+  optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default = false];
+  optional bool php_generic_services = 42 [default = false];
+
+  // Is this file deprecated?
+  // Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+  // for everything in the file, or it will be completely ignored; in the very
+  // least, this is a formalization for deprecating files.
+  optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];
+
+  // Enables the use of arenas for the proto messages in this file. This applies
+  // only to generated classes for C++.
+  optional bool cc_enable_arenas = 31 [default = false];
+
+
+  // Sets the objective c class prefix which is prepended to all objective c
+  // generated classes from this .proto. There is no default.
+  optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
+
+  // Namespace for generated classes; defaults to the package.
+  optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
+
+  // By default Swift generators will take the proto package and CamelCase it
+  // replacing '.' with underscore and use that to prefix the types/symbols
+  // defined. When this options is provided, they will use this value instead
+  // to prefix the types/symbols defined.
+  optional string swift_prefix = 39;
+
+  // Sets the php class prefix which is prepended to all php generated classes
+  // from this .proto. Default is empty.
+  optional string php_class_prefix = 40;
+
+  // Use this option to change the namespace of php generated classes. Default
+  // is empty. When this option is empty, the package name will be used for
+  // determining the namespace.
+  optional string php_namespace = 41;
+
+  // Use this option to change the namespace of php generated metadata classes.
+  // Default is empty. When this option is empty, the proto file name will be
+  // used for determining the namespace.
+  optional string php_metadata_namespace = 44;
+
+  // Use this option to change the package of ruby generated classes. Default
+  // is empty. When this option is not set, the package name will be used for
+  // determining the ruby package.
+  optional string ruby_package = 45;
+
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here.
+  // See the documentation for the "Options" section above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message.
+  // See the documentation for the "Options" section above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+
+  reserved 38;
+}
+
+message MessageOptions {
+  // Set true to use the old proto1 MessageSet wire format for extensions.
+  // This is provided for backwards-compatibility with the MessageSet wire
+  // format.  You should not use this for any other reason:  It's less
+  // efficient, has fewer features, and is more complicated.
+  //
+  // The message must be defined exactly as follows:
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  //     extensions 4 to max;
+  //   }
+  // Note that the message cannot have any defined fields; MessageSets only
+  // have extensions.
+  //
+  // All extensions of your type must be singular messages; e.g. they cannot
+  // be int32s, enums, or repeated messages.
+  //
+  // Because this is an option, the above two restrictions are not enforced by
+  // the protocol compiler.
+  optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default = false];
+
+  // Disables the generation of the standard "descriptor()" accessor, which can
+  // conflict with a field of the same name.  This is meant to make migration
+  // from proto1 easier; new code should avoid fields named "descriptor".
+  optional bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor = 2 [default = false];
+
+  // Is this message deprecated?
+  // Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+  // for the message, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+  // this is a formalization for deprecating messages.
+  optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+
+  // Whether the message is an automatically generated map entry type for the
+  // maps field.
+  //
+  // For maps fields:
+  //     map<KeyType, ValueType> map_field = 1;
+  // The parsed descriptor looks like:
+  //     message MapFieldEntry {
+  //         option map_entry = true;
+  //         optional KeyType key = 1;
+  //         optional ValueType value = 2;
+  //     }
+  //     repeated MapFieldEntry map_field = 1;
+  //
+  // Implementations may choose not to generate the map_entry=true message, but
+  // use a native map in the target language to hold the keys and values.
+  // The reflection APIs in such implementations still need to work as
+  // if the field is a repeated message field.
+  //
+  // NOTE: Do not set the option in .proto files. Always use the maps syntax
+  // instead. The option should only be implicitly set by the proto compiler
+  // parser.
+  optional bool map_entry = 7;
+
+  reserved 8;  // javalite_serializable
+  reserved 9;  // javanano_as_lite
+
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message FieldOptions {
+  // The ctype option instructs the C++ code generator to use a different
+  // representation of the field than it normally would.  See the specific
+  // options below.  This option is not yet implemented in the open source
+  // release -- sorry, we'll try to include it in a future version!
+  optional CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];
+  enum CType {
+    // Default mode.
+    STRING = 0;
+
+    CORD = 1;
+
+    STRING_PIECE = 2;
+  }
+  // The packed option can be enabled for repeated primitive fields to enable
+  // a more efficient representation on the wire. Rather than repeatedly
+  // writing the tag and type for each element, the entire array is encoded as
+  // a single length-delimited blob. In proto3, only explicit setting it to
+  // false will avoid using packed encoding.
+  optional bool packed = 2;
+
+  // The jstype option determines the JavaScript type used for values of the
+  // field.  The option is permitted only for 64 bit integral and fixed types
+  // (int64, uint64, sint64, fixed64, sfixed64).  A field with jstype JS_STRING
+  // is represented as JavaScript string, which avoids loss of precision that
+  // can happen when a large value is converted to a floating point JavaScript.
+  // Specifying JS_NUMBER for the jstype causes the generated JavaScript code to
+  // use the JavaScript "number" type.  The behavior of the default option
+  // JS_NORMAL is implementation dependent.
+  //
+  // This option is an enum to permit additional types to be added, e.g.
+  // goog.math.Integer.
+  optional JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];
+  enum JSType {
+    // Use the default type.
+    JS_NORMAL = 0;
+
+    // Use JavaScript strings.
+    JS_STRING = 1;
+
+    // Use JavaScript numbers.
+    JS_NUMBER = 2;
+  }
+
+  // Should this field be parsed lazily?  Lazy applies only to message-type
+  // fields.  It means that when the outer message is initially parsed, the
+  // inner message's contents will not be parsed but instead stored in encoded
+  // form.  The inner message will actually be parsed when it is first accessed.
+  //
+  // This is only a hint.  Implementations are free to choose whether to use
+  // eager or lazy parsing regardless of the value of this option.  However,
+  // setting this option true suggests that the protocol author believes that
+  // using lazy parsing on this field is worth the additional bookkeeping
+  // overhead typically needed to implement it.
+  //
+  // This option does not affect the public interface of any generated code;
+  // all method signatures remain the same.  Furthermore, thread-safety of the
+  // interface is not affected by this option; const methods remain safe to
+  // call from multiple threads concurrently, while non-const methods continue
+  // to require exclusive access.
+  //
+  //
+  // Note that implementations may choose not to check required fields within
+  // a lazy sub-message.  That is, calling IsInitialized() on the outer message
+  // may return true even if the inner message has missing required fields.
+  // This is necessary because otherwise the inner message would have to be
+  // parsed in order to perform the check, defeating the purpose of lazy
+  // parsing.  An implementation which chooses not to check required fields
+  // must be consistent about it.  That is, for any particular sub-message, the
+  // implementation must either *always* check its required fields, or *never*
+  // check its required fields, regardless of whether or not the message has
+  // been parsed.
+  optional bool lazy = 5 [default = false];
+
+  // Is this field deprecated?
+  // Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+  // for accessors, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+  // is a formalization for deprecating fields.
+  optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+
+  // For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
+  optional bool weak = 10 [default = false];
+
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+
+  reserved 4;  // removed jtype
+}
+
+message OneofOptions {
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message EnumOptions {
+
+  // Set this option to true to allow mapping different tag names to the same
+  // value.
+  optional bool allow_alias = 2;
+
+  // Is this enum deprecated?
+  // Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+  // for the enum, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least, this
+  // is a formalization for deprecating enums.
+  optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+
+  reserved 5;  // javanano_as_lite
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message EnumValueOptions {
+  // Is this enum value deprecated?
+  // Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+  // for the enum value, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+  // this is a formalization for deprecating enum values.
+  optional bool deprecated = 1 [default = false];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message ServiceOptions {
+
+  // Note:  Field numbers 1 through 32 are reserved for Google's internal RPC
+  //   framework.  We apologize for hoarding these numbers to ourselves, but
+  //   we were already using them long before we decided to release Protocol
+  //   Buffers.
+
+  // Is this service deprecated?
+  // Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+  // for the service, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+  // this is a formalization for deprecating services.
+  optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+message MethodOptions {
+
+  // Note:  Field numbers 1 through 32 are reserved for Google's internal RPC
+  //   framework.  We apologize for hoarding these numbers to ourselves, but
+  //   we were already using them long before we decided to release Protocol
+  //   Buffers.
+
+  // Is this method deprecated?
+  // Depending on the target platform, this can emit Deprecated annotations
+  // for the method, or it will be completely ignored; in the very least,
+  // this is a formalization for deprecating methods.
+  optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
+
+  // Is this method side-effect-free (or safe in HTTP parlance), or idempotent,
+  // or neither? HTTP based RPC implementation may choose GET verb for safe
+  // methods, and PUT verb for idempotent methods instead of the default POST.
+  enum IdempotencyLevel {
+    IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN = 0;
+    NO_SIDE_EFFECTS = 1;  // implies idempotent
+    IDEMPOTENT = 2;       // idempotent, but may have side effects
+  }
+  optional IdempotencyLevel idempotency_level = 34
+      [default = IDEMPOTENCY_UNKNOWN];
+
+  // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
+  repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+
+  // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+
+// A message representing a option the parser does not recognize. This only
+// appears in options protos created by the compiler::Parser class.
+// DescriptorPool resolves these when building Descriptor objects. Therefore,
+// options protos in descriptor objects (e.g. returned by Descriptor::options(),
+// or produced by Descriptor::CopyTo()) will never have UninterpretedOptions
+// in them.
+message UninterpretedOption {
+  // The name of the uninterpreted option.  Each string represents a segment in
+  // a dot-separated name.  is_extension is true iff a segment represents an
+  // extension (denoted with parentheses in options specs in .proto files).
+  // E.g.,{ ["foo", false], ["bar.baz", true], ["qux", false] } represents
+  // "foo.(bar.baz).qux".
+  message NamePart {
+    required string name_part = 1;
+    required bool is_extension = 2;
+  }
+  repeated NamePart name = 2;
+
+  // The value of the uninterpreted option, in whatever type the tokenizer
+  // identified it as during parsing. Exactly one of these should be set.
+  optional string identifier_value = 3;
+  optional uint64 positive_int_value = 4;
+  optional int64 negative_int_value = 5;
+  optional double double_value = 6;
+  optional bytes string_value = 7;
+  optional string aggregate_value = 8;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Optional source code info
+
+// Encapsulates information about the original source file from which a
+// FileDescriptorProto was generated.
+message SourceCodeInfo {
+  // A Location identifies a piece of source code in a .proto file which
+  // corresponds to a particular definition.  This information is intended
+  // to be useful to IDEs, code indexers, documentation generators, and similar
+  // tools.
+  //
+  // For example, say we have a file like:
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     optional string foo = 1;
+  //   }
+  // Let's look at just the field definition:
+  //   optional string foo = 1;
+  //   ^       ^^     ^^  ^  ^^^
+  //   a       bc     de  f  ghi
+  // We have the following locations:
+  //   span   path               represents
+  //   [a,i)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0 ]     The whole field definition.
+  //   [a,b)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 4 ]  The label (optional).
+  //   [c,d)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 5 ]  The type (string).
+  //   [e,f)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 1 ]  The name (foo).
+  //   [g,h)  [ 4, 0, 2, 0, 3 ]  The number (1).
+  //
+  // Notes:
+  // - A location may refer to a repeated field itself (i.e. not to any
+  //   particular index within it).  This is used whenever a set of elements are
+  //   logically enclosed in a single code segment.  For example, an entire
+  //   extend block (possibly containing multiple extension definitions) will
+  //   have an outer location whose path refers to the "extensions" repeated
+  //   field without an index.
+  // - Multiple locations may have the same path.  This happens when a single
+  //   logical declaration is spread out across multiple places.  The most
+  //   obvious example is the "extend" block again -- there may be multiple
+  //   extend blocks in the same scope, each of which will have the same path.
+  // - A location's span is not always a subset of its parent's span.  For
+  //   example, the "extendee" of an extension declaration appears at the
+  //   beginning of the "extend" block and is shared by all extensions within
+  //   the block.
+  // - Just because a location's span is a subset of some other location's span
+  //   does not mean that it is a descendant.  For example, a "group" defines
+  //   both a type and a field in a single declaration.  Thus, the locations
+  //   corresponding to the type and field and their components will overlap.
+  // - Code which tries to interpret locations should probably be designed to
+  //   ignore those that it doesn't understand, as more types of locations could
+  //   be recorded in the future.
+  repeated Location location = 1;
+  message Location {
+    // Identifies which part of the FileDescriptorProto was defined at this
+    // location.
+    //
+    // Each element is a field number or an index.  They form a path from
+    // the root FileDescriptorProto to the place where the definition.  For
+    // example, this path:
+    //   [ 4, 3, 2, 7, 1 ]
+    // refers to:
+    //   file.message_type(3)  // 4, 3
+    //       .field(7)         // 2, 7
+    //       .name()           // 1
+    // This is because FileDescriptorProto.message_type has field number 4:
+    //   repeated DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+    // and DescriptorProto.field has field number 2:
+    //   repeated FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+    // and FieldDescriptorProto.name has field number 1:
+    //   optional string name = 1;
+    //
+    // Thus, the above path gives the location of a field name.  If we removed
+    // the last element:
+    //   [ 4, 3, 2, 7 ]
+    // this path refers to the whole field declaration (from the beginning
+    // of the label to the terminating semicolon).
+    repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
+
+    // Always has exactly three or four elements: start line, start column,
+    // end line (optional, otherwise assumed same as start line), end column.
+    // These are packed into a single field for efficiency.  Note that line
+    // and column numbers are zero-based -- typically you will want to add
+    // 1 to each before displaying to a user.
+    repeated int32 span = 2 [packed = true];
+
+    // If this SourceCodeInfo represents a complete declaration, these are any
+    // comments appearing before and after the declaration which appear to be
+    // attached to the declaration.
+    //
+    // A series of line comments appearing on consecutive lines, with no other
+    // tokens appearing on those lines, will be treated as a single comment.
+    //
+    // leading_detached_comments will keep paragraphs of comments that appear
+    // before (but not connected to) the current element. Each paragraph,
+    // separated by empty lines, will be one comment element in the repeated
+    // field.
+    //
+    // Only the comment content is provided; comment markers (e.g. //) are
+    // stripped out.  For block comments, leading whitespace and an asterisk
+    // will be stripped from the beginning of each line other than the first.
+    // Newlines are included in the output.
+    //
+    // Examples:
+    //
+    //   optional int32 foo = 1;  // Comment attached to foo.
+    //   // Comment attached to bar.
+    //   optional int32 bar = 2;
+    //
+    //   optional string baz = 3;
+    //   // Comment attached to baz.
+    //   // Another line attached to baz.
+    //
+    //   // Comment attached to qux.
+    //   //
+    //   // Another line attached to qux.
+    //   optional double qux = 4;
+    //
+    //   // Detached comment for corge. This is not leading or trailing comments
+    //   // to qux or corge because there are blank lines separating it from
+    //   // both.
+    //
+    //   // Detached comment for corge paragraph 2.
+    //
+    //   optional string corge = 5;
+    //   /* Block comment attached
+    //    * to corge.  Leading asterisks
+    //    * will be removed. */
+    //   /* Block comment attached to
+    //    * grault. */
+    //   optional int32 grault = 6;
+    //
+    //   // ignored detached comments.
+    optional string leading_comments = 3;
+    optional string trailing_comments = 4;
+    repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
+  }
+}
+
+// Describes the relationship between generated code and its original source
+// file. A GeneratedCodeInfo message is associated with only one generated
+// source file, but may contain references to different source .proto files.
+message GeneratedCodeInfo {
+  // An Annotation connects some span of text in generated code to an element
+  // of its generating .proto file.
+  repeated Annotation annotation = 1;
+  message Annotation {
+    // Identifies the element in the original source .proto file. This field
+    // is formatted the same as SourceCodeInfo.Location.path.
+    repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
+
+    // Identifies the filesystem path to the original source .proto.
+    optional string source_file = 2;
+
+    // Identifies the starting offset in bytes in the generated code
+    // that relates to the identified object.
+    optional int32 begin = 3;
+
+    // Identifies the ending offset in bytes in the generated code that
+    // relates to the identified offset. The end offset should be one past
+    // the last relevant byte (so the length of the text = end - begin).
+    optional int32 end = 4;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b613148d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,614 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h>
+
+#include <set>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+void RecordMessageNames(const DescriptorProto& desc_proto,
+                        const std::string& prefix,
+                        std::set<std::string>* output) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(desc_proto.has_name());
+  std::string full_name = prefix.empty()
+                              ? desc_proto.name()
+                              : StrCat(prefix, ".", desc_proto.name());
+  output->insert(full_name);
+
+  for (const auto& d : desc_proto.nested_type()) {
+    RecordMessageNames(d, full_name, output);
+  }
+}
+
+void RecordMessageNames(const FileDescriptorProto& file_proto,
+                        std::set<std::string>* output) {
+  for (const auto& d : file_proto.message_type()) {
+    RecordMessageNames(d, file_proto.package(), output);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Fn>
+bool ForAllFileProtos(DescriptorDatabase* db, Fn callback,
+                      std::vector<std::string>* output) {
+  std::vector<std::string> file_names;
+  if (!db->FindAllFileNames(&file_names)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  std::set<std::string> set;
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  for (const auto& f : file_names) {
+    file_proto.Clear();
+    if (!db->FindFileByName(f, &file_proto)) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "File not found in database (unexpected): " << f;
+      return false;
+    }
+    callback(file_proto, &set);
+  }
+  output->insert(output->end(), set.begin(), set.end());
+  return true;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+DescriptorDatabase::~DescriptorDatabase() {}
+
+bool DescriptorDatabase::FindAllPackageNames(std::vector<std::string>* output) {
+  return ForAllFileProtos(
+      this,
+      [](const FileDescriptorProto& file_proto, std::set<std::string>* set) {
+        set->insert(file_proto.package());
+      },
+      output);
+}
+
+bool DescriptorDatabase::FindAllMessageNames(std::vector<std::string>* output) {
+  return ForAllFileProtos(
+      this,
+      [](const FileDescriptorProto& file_proto, std::set<std::string>* set) {
+        RecordMessageNames(file_proto, set);
+      },
+      output);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+SimpleDescriptorDatabase::SimpleDescriptorDatabase() {}
+SimpleDescriptorDatabase::~SimpleDescriptorDatabase() {}
+
+template <typename Value>
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::AddFile(
+    const FileDescriptorProto& file, Value value) {
+  if (!InsertIfNotPresent(&by_name_, file.name(), value)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "File already exists in database: " << file.name();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // We must be careful here -- calling file.package() if file.has_package() is
+  // false could access an uninitialized static-storage variable if we are being
+  // run at startup time.
+  std::string path = file.has_package() ? file.package() : std::string();
+  if (!path.empty()) path += '.';
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file.message_type_size(); i++) {
+    if (!AddSymbol(path + file.message_type(i).name(), value)) return false;
+    if (!AddNestedExtensions(file.name(), file.message_type(i), value))
+      return false;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file.enum_type_size(); i++) {
+    if (!AddSymbol(path + file.enum_type(i).name(), value)) return false;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file.extension_size(); i++) {
+    if (!AddSymbol(path + file.extension(i).name(), value)) return false;
+    if (!AddExtension(file.name(), file.extension(i), value)) return false;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file.service_size(); i++) {
+    if (!AddSymbol(path + file.service(i).name(), value)) return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename Value>
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::AddSymbol(
+    const std::string& name, Value value) {
+  // We need to make sure not to violate our map invariant.
+
+  // If the symbol name is invalid it could break our lookup algorithm (which
+  // relies on the fact that '.' sorts before all other characters that are
+  // valid in symbol names).
+  if (!ValidateSymbolName(name)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid symbol name: " << name;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Try to look up the symbol to make sure a super-symbol doesn't already
+  // exist.
+  typename std::map<std::string, Value>::iterator iter =
+      FindLastLessOrEqual(name);
+
+  if (iter == by_symbol_.end()) {
+    // Apparently the map is currently empty.  Just insert and be done with it.
+    by_symbol_.insert(
+        typename std::map<std::string, Value>::value_type(name, value));
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (IsSubSymbol(iter->first, name)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Symbol name \"" << name
+               << "\" conflicts with the existing "
+                  "symbol \""
+               << iter->first << "\".";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // OK, that worked.  Now we have to make sure that no symbol in the map is
+  // a sub-symbol of the one we are inserting.  The only symbol which could
+  // be so is the first symbol that is greater than the new symbol.  Since
+  // |iter| points at the last symbol that is less than or equal, we just have
+  // to increment it.
+  ++iter;
+
+  if (iter != by_symbol_.end() && IsSubSymbol(name, iter->first)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Symbol name \"" << name
+               << "\" conflicts with the existing "
+                  "symbol \""
+               << iter->first << "\".";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // OK, no conflicts.
+
+  // Insert the new symbol using the iterator as a hint, the new entry will
+  // appear immediately before the one the iterator is pointing at.
+  by_symbol_.insert(
+      iter, typename std::map<std::string, Value>::value_type(name, value));
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename Value>
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::AddNestedExtensions(
+    const std::string& filename, const DescriptorProto& message_type,
+    Value value) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_type.nested_type_size(); i++) {
+    if (!AddNestedExtensions(filename, message_type.nested_type(i), value))
+      return false;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < message_type.extension_size(); i++) {
+    if (!AddExtension(filename, message_type.extension(i), value)) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename Value>
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::AddExtension(
+    const std::string& filename, const FieldDescriptorProto& field,
+    Value value) {
+  if (!field.extendee().empty() && field.extendee()[0] == '.') {
+    // The extension is fully-qualified.  We can use it as a lookup key in
+    // the by_symbol_ table.
+    if (!InsertIfNotPresent(
+            &by_extension_,
+            std::make_pair(field.extendee().substr(1), field.number()),
+            value)) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Extension conflicts with extension already in database: "
+                    "extend "
+                 << field.extendee() << " { " << field.name() << " = "
+                 << field.number() << " } from:" << filename;
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Not fully-qualified.  We can't really do anything here, unfortunately.
+    // We don't consider this an error, though, because the descriptor is
+    // valid.
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename Value>
+Value SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::FindFile(
+    const std::string& filename) {
+  return FindWithDefault(by_name_, filename, Value());
+}
+
+template <typename Value>
+Value SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::FindSymbol(
+    const std::string& name) {
+  typename std::map<std::string, Value>::iterator iter =
+      FindLastLessOrEqual(name);
+
+  return (iter != by_symbol_.end() && IsSubSymbol(iter->first, name))
+             ? iter->second
+             : Value();
+}
+
+template <typename Value>
+Value SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::FindExtension(
+    const std::string& containing_type, int field_number) {
+  return FindWithDefault(
+      by_extension_, std::make_pair(containing_type, field_number), Value());
+}
+
+template <typename Value>
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::FindAllExtensionNumbers(
+    const std::string& containing_type, std::vector<int>* output) {
+  typename std::map<std::pair<std::string, int>, Value>::const_iterator it =
+      by_extension_.lower_bound(std::make_pair(containing_type, 0));
+  bool success = false;
+
+  for (; it != by_extension_.end() && it->first.first == containing_type;
+       ++it) {
+    output->push_back(it->first.second);
+    success = true;
+  }
+
+  return success;
+}
+
+template <typename Value>
+void SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::FindAllFileNames(
+    std::vector<std::string>* output) {
+  output->resize(by_name_.size());
+  int i = 0;
+  for (const auto& kv : by_name_) {
+    (*output)[i] = kv.first;
+    i++;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Value>
+typename std::map<std::string, Value>::iterator
+SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::FindLastLessOrEqual(
+    const std::string& name) {
+  // Find the last key in the map which sorts less than or equal to the
+  // symbol name.  Since upper_bound() returns the *first* key that sorts
+  // *greater* than the input, we want the element immediately before that.
+  typename std::map<std::string, Value>::iterator iter =
+      by_symbol_.upper_bound(name);
+  if (iter != by_symbol_.begin()) --iter;
+  return iter;
+}
+
+template <typename Value>
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::IsSubSymbol(
+    const std::string& sub_symbol, const std::string& super_symbol) {
+  return sub_symbol == super_symbol ||
+         (HasPrefixString(super_symbol, sub_symbol) &&
+          super_symbol[sub_symbol.size()] == '.');
+}
+
+template <typename Value>
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::ValidateSymbolName(
+    const std::string& name) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < name.size(); i++) {
+    // I don't trust ctype.h due to locales.  :(
+    if (name[i] != '.' && name[i] != '_' && (name[i] < '0' || name[i] > '9') &&
+        (name[i] < 'A' || name[i] > 'Z') && (name[i] < 'a' || name[i] > 'z')) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::Add(const FileDescriptorProto& file) {
+  FileDescriptorProto* new_file = new FileDescriptorProto;
+  new_file->CopyFrom(file);
+  return AddAndOwn(new_file);
+}
+
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::AddAndOwn(const FileDescriptorProto* file) {
+  files_to_delete_.emplace_back(file);
+  return index_.AddFile(*file, file);
+}
+
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                                              FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  return MaybeCopy(index_.FindFile(filename), output);
+}
+
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::FindFileContainingSymbol(
+    const std::string& symbol_name, FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  return MaybeCopy(index_.FindSymbol(symbol_name), output);
+}
+
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::FindFileContainingExtension(
+    const std::string& containing_type, int field_number,
+    FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  return MaybeCopy(index_.FindExtension(containing_type, field_number), output);
+}
+
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::FindAllExtensionNumbers(
+    const std::string& extendee_type, std::vector<int>* output) {
+  return index_.FindAllExtensionNumbers(extendee_type, output);
+}
+
+
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::FindAllFileNames(
+    std::vector<std::string>* output) {
+  index_.FindAllFileNames(output);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::MaybeCopy(const FileDescriptorProto* file,
+                                         FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  if (file == NULL) return false;
+  output->CopyFrom(*file);
+  return true;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+EncodedDescriptorDatabase::EncodedDescriptorDatabase() {}
+EncodedDescriptorDatabase::~EncodedDescriptorDatabase() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < files_to_delete_.size(); i++) {
+    operator delete(files_to_delete_[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+bool EncodedDescriptorDatabase::Add(const void* encoded_file_descriptor,
+                                    int size) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file;
+  if (file.ParseFromArray(encoded_file_descriptor, size)) {
+    return index_.AddFile(file, std::make_pair(encoded_file_descriptor, size));
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid file descriptor data passed to "
+                  "EncodedDescriptorDatabase::Add().";
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool EncodedDescriptorDatabase::AddCopy(const void* encoded_file_descriptor,
+                                        int size) {
+  void* copy = operator new(size);
+  memcpy(copy, encoded_file_descriptor, size);
+  files_to_delete_.push_back(copy);
+  return Add(copy, size);
+}
+
+bool EncodedDescriptorDatabase::FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                                               FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  return MaybeParse(index_.FindFile(filename), output);
+}
+
+bool EncodedDescriptorDatabase::FindFileContainingSymbol(
+    const std::string& symbol_name, FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  return MaybeParse(index_.FindSymbol(symbol_name), output);
+}
+
+bool EncodedDescriptorDatabase::FindNameOfFileContainingSymbol(
+    const std::string& symbol_name, std::string* output) {
+  std::pair<const void*, int> encoded_file = index_.FindSymbol(symbol_name);
+  if (encoded_file.first == NULL) return false;
+
+  // Optimization:  The name should be the first field in the encoded message.
+  //   Try to just read it directly.
+  io::CodedInputStream input(reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(encoded_file.first),
+                             encoded_file.second);
+
+  const uint32 kNameTag = internal::WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+      FileDescriptorProto::kNameFieldNumber,
+      internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+  if (input.ReadTagNoLastTag() == kNameTag) {
+    // Success!
+    return internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(&input, output);
+  } else {
+    // Slow path.  Parse whole message.
+    FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+    if (!file_proto.ParseFromArray(encoded_file.first, encoded_file.second)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    *output = file_proto.name();
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+bool EncodedDescriptorDatabase::FindFileContainingExtension(
+    const std::string& containing_type, int field_number,
+    FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  return MaybeParse(index_.FindExtension(containing_type, field_number),
+                    output);
+}
+
+bool EncodedDescriptorDatabase::FindAllExtensionNumbers(
+    const std::string& extendee_type, std::vector<int>* output) {
+  return index_.FindAllExtensionNumbers(extendee_type, output);
+}
+
+bool EncodedDescriptorDatabase::FindAllFileNames(
+    std::vector<std::string>* output) {
+  index_.FindAllFileNames(output);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool EncodedDescriptorDatabase::MaybeParse(
+    std::pair<const void*, int> encoded_file, FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  if (encoded_file.first == NULL) return false;
+  return output->ParseFromArray(encoded_file.first, encoded_file.second);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+DescriptorPoolDatabase::DescriptorPoolDatabase(const DescriptorPool& pool)
+    : pool_(pool) {}
+DescriptorPoolDatabase::~DescriptorPoolDatabase() {}
+
+bool DescriptorPoolDatabase::FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                                            FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool_.FindFileByName(filename);
+  if (file == NULL) return false;
+  output->Clear();
+  file->CopyTo(output);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DescriptorPoolDatabase::FindFileContainingSymbol(
+    const std::string& symbol_name, FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool_.FindFileContainingSymbol(symbol_name);
+  if (file == NULL) return false;
+  output->Clear();
+  file->CopyTo(output);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DescriptorPoolDatabase::FindFileContainingExtension(
+    const std::string& containing_type, int field_number,
+    FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  const Descriptor* extendee = pool_.FindMessageTypeByName(containing_type);
+  if (extendee == NULL) return false;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* extension =
+      pool_.FindExtensionByNumber(extendee, field_number);
+  if (extension == NULL) return false;
+
+  output->Clear();
+  extension->file()->CopyTo(output);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DescriptorPoolDatabase::FindAllExtensionNumbers(
+    const std::string& extendee_type, std::vector<int>* output) {
+  const Descriptor* extendee = pool_.FindMessageTypeByName(extendee_type);
+  if (extendee == NULL) return false;
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> extensions;
+  pool_.FindAllExtensions(extendee, &extensions);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < extensions.size(); ++i) {
+    output->push_back(extensions[i]->number());
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+MergedDescriptorDatabase::MergedDescriptorDatabase(
+    DescriptorDatabase* source1, DescriptorDatabase* source2) {
+  sources_.push_back(source1);
+  sources_.push_back(source2);
+}
+MergedDescriptorDatabase::MergedDescriptorDatabase(
+    const std::vector<DescriptorDatabase*>& sources)
+    : sources_(sources) {}
+MergedDescriptorDatabase::~MergedDescriptorDatabase() {}
+
+bool MergedDescriptorDatabase::FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                                              FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < sources_.size(); i++) {
+    if (sources_[i]->FindFileByName(filename, output)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MergedDescriptorDatabase::FindFileContainingSymbol(
+    const std::string& symbol_name, FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < sources_.size(); i++) {
+    if (sources_[i]->FindFileContainingSymbol(symbol_name, output)) {
+      // The symbol was found in source i.  However, if one of the previous
+      // sources defines a file with the same name (which presumably doesn't
+      // contain the symbol, since it wasn't found in that source), then we
+      // must hide it from the caller.
+      FileDescriptorProto temp;
+      for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+        if (sources_[j]->FindFileByName(output->name(), &temp)) {
+          // Found conflicting file in a previous source.
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MergedDescriptorDatabase::FindFileContainingExtension(
+    const std::string& containing_type, int field_number,
+    FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < sources_.size(); i++) {
+    if (sources_[i]->FindFileContainingExtension(containing_type, field_number,
+                                                 output)) {
+      // The symbol was found in source i.  However, if one of the previous
+      // sources defines a file with the same name (which presumably doesn't
+      // contain the symbol, since it wasn't found in that source), then we
+      // must hide it from the caller.
+      FileDescriptorProto temp;
+      for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+        if (sources_[j]->FindFileByName(output->name(), &temp)) {
+          // Found conflicting file in a previous source.
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MergedDescriptorDatabase::FindAllExtensionNumbers(
+    const std::string& extendee_type, std::vector<int>* output) {
+  std::set<int> merged_results;
+  std::vector<int> results;
+  bool success = false;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < sources_.size(); i++) {
+    if (sources_[i]->FindAllExtensionNumbers(extendee_type, &results)) {
+      std::copy(results.begin(), results.end(),
+                std::insert_iterator<std::set<int> >(merged_results,
+                                                     merged_results.begin()));
+      success = true;
+    }
+    results.clear();
+  }
+
+  std::copy(merged_results.begin(), merged_results.end(),
+            std::insert_iterator<std::vector<int> >(*output, output->end()));
+
+  return success;
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4009f339e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Interface for manipulating databases of descriptors.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DESCRIPTOR_DATABASE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DESCRIPTOR_DATABASE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Defined in this file.
+class DescriptorDatabase;
+class SimpleDescriptorDatabase;
+class EncodedDescriptorDatabase;
+class DescriptorPoolDatabase;
+class MergedDescriptorDatabase;
+
+// Abstract interface for a database of descriptors.
+//
+// This is useful if you want to create a DescriptorPool which loads
+// descriptors on-demand from some sort of large database.  If the database
+// is large, it may be inefficient to enumerate every .proto file inside it
+// calling DescriptorPool::BuildFile() for each one.  Instead, a DescriptorPool
+// can be created which wraps a DescriptorDatabase and only builds particular
+// descriptors when they are needed.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorDatabase {
+ public:
+  inline DescriptorDatabase() {}
+  virtual ~DescriptorDatabase();
+
+  // Find a file by file name.  Fills in in *output and returns true if found.
+  // Otherwise, returns false, leaving the contents of *output undefined.
+  virtual bool FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                              FileDescriptorProto* output) = 0;
+
+  // Find the file that declares the given fully-qualified symbol name.
+  // If found, fills in *output and returns true, otherwise returns false
+  // and leaves *output undefined.
+  virtual bool FindFileContainingSymbol(const std::string& symbol_name,
+                                        FileDescriptorProto* output) = 0;
+
+  // Find the file which defines an extension extending the given message type
+  // with the given field number.  If found, fills in *output and returns true,
+  // otherwise returns false and leaves *output undefined.  containing_type
+  // must be a fully-qualified type name.
+  virtual bool FindFileContainingExtension(const std::string& containing_type,
+                                           int field_number,
+                                           FileDescriptorProto* output) = 0;
+
+  // Finds the tag numbers used by all known extensions of
+  // extendee_type, and appends them to output in an undefined
+  // order. This method is best-effort: it's not guaranteed that the
+  // database will find all extensions, and it's not guaranteed that
+  // FindFileContainingExtension will return true on all of the found
+  // numbers. Returns true if the search was successful, otherwise
+  // returns false and leaves output unchanged.
+  //
+  // This method has a default implementation that always returns
+  // false.
+  virtual bool FindAllExtensionNumbers(const std::string& /* extendee_type */,
+                                       std::vector<int>* /* output */) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+
+  // Finds the file names and appends them to the output in an
+  // undefined order. This method is best-effort: it's not guaranteed that the
+  // database will find all files. Returns true if the database supports
+  // searching all file names, otherwise returns false and leaves output
+  // unchanged.
+  //
+  // This method has a default implementation that always returns
+  // false.
+  virtual bool FindAllFileNames(std::vector<std::string>* /*output*/) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Finds the package names and appends them to the output in an
+  // undefined order. This method is best-effort: it's not guaranteed that the
+  // database will find all packages. Returns true if the database supports
+  // searching all package names, otherwise returns false and leaves output
+  // unchanged.
+  bool FindAllPackageNames(std::vector<std::string>* output);
+
+  // Finds the message names and appends them to the output in an
+  // undefined order. This method is best-effort: it's not guaranteed that the
+  // database will find all messages. Returns true if the database supports
+  // searching all message names, otherwise returns false and leaves output
+  // unchanged.
+  bool FindAllMessageNames(std::vector<std::string>* output);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(DescriptorDatabase);
+};
+
+// A DescriptorDatabase into which you can insert files manually.
+//
+// FindFileContainingSymbol() is fully-implemented.  When you add a file, its
+// symbols will be indexed for this purpose.  Note that the implementation
+// may return false positives, but only if it isn't possible for the symbol
+// to be defined in any other file.  In particular, if a file defines a symbol
+// "Foo", then searching for "Foo.[anything]" will match that file.  This way,
+// the database does not need to aggressively index all children of a symbol.
+//
+// FindFileContainingExtension() is mostly-implemented.  It works if and only
+// if the original FieldDescriptorProto defining the extension has a
+// fully-qualified type name in its "extendee" field (i.e. starts with a '.').
+// If the extendee is a relative name, SimpleDescriptorDatabase will not
+// attempt to resolve the type, so it will not know what type the extension is
+// extending.  Therefore, calling FindFileContainingExtension() with the
+// extension's containing type will never actually find that extension.  Note
+// that this is an unlikely problem, as all FileDescriptorProtos created by the
+// protocol compiler (as well as ones created by calling
+// FileDescriptor::CopyTo()) will always use fully-qualified names for all
+// types.  You only need to worry if you are constructing FileDescriptorProtos
+// yourself, or are calling compiler::Parser directly.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT SimpleDescriptorDatabase : public DescriptorDatabase {
+ public:
+  SimpleDescriptorDatabase();
+  ~SimpleDescriptorDatabase() override;
+
+  // Adds the FileDescriptorProto to the database, making a copy.  The object
+  // can be deleted after Add() returns.  Returns false if the file conflicted
+  // with a file already in the database, in which case an error will have
+  // been written to GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR).
+  bool Add(const FileDescriptorProto& file);
+
+  // Adds the FileDescriptorProto to the database and takes ownership of it.
+  bool AddAndOwn(const FileDescriptorProto* file);
+
+  // implements DescriptorDatabase -----------------------------------
+  bool FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                      FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+  bool FindFileContainingSymbol(const std::string& symbol_name,
+                                FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+  bool FindFileContainingExtension(const std::string& containing_type,
+                                   int field_number,
+                                   FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+  bool FindAllExtensionNumbers(const std::string& extendee_type,
+                               std::vector<int>* output) override;
+
+  bool FindAllFileNames(std::vector<std::string>* output) override;
+
+ private:
+  // So that it can use DescriptorIndex.
+  friend class EncodedDescriptorDatabase;
+
+  // An index mapping file names, symbol names, and extension numbers to
+  // some sort of values.
+  template <typename Value>
+  class DescriptorIndex {
+   public:
+    // Helpers to recursively add particular descriptors and all their contents
+    // to the index.
+    bool AddFile(const FileDescriptorProto& file, Value value);
+    bool AddSymbol(const std::string& name, Value value);
+    bool AddNestedExtensions(const std::string& filename,
+                             const DescriptorProto& message_type, Value value);
+    bool AddExtension(const std::string& filename,
+                      const FieldDescriptorProto& field, Value value);
+
+    Value FindFile(const std::string& filename);
+    Value FindSymbol(const std::string& name);
+    Value FindExtension(const std::string& containing_type, int field_number);
+    bool FindAllExtensionNumbers(const std::string& containing_type,
+                                 std::vector<int>* output);
+    void FindAllFileNames(std::vector<std::string>* output);
+
+   private:
+    std::map<std::string, Value> by_name_;
+    std::map<std::string, Value> by_symbol_;
+    std::map<std::pair<std::string, int>, Value> by_extension_;
+
+    // Invariant:  The by_symbol_ map does not contain any symbols which are
+    // prefixes of other symbols in the map.  For example, "foo.bar" is a
+    // prefix of "foo.bar.baz" (but is not a prefix of "foo.barbaz").
+    //
+    // This invariant is important because it means that given a symbol name,
+    // we can find a key in the map which is a prefix of the symbol in O(lg n)
+    // time, and we know that there is at most one such key.
+    //
+    // The prefix lookup algorithm works like so:
+    // 1) Find the last key in the map which is less than or equal to the
+    //    search key.
+    // 2) If the found key is a prefix of the search key, then return it.
+    //    Otherwise, there is no match.
+    //
+    // I am sure this algorithm has been described elsewhere, but since I
+    // wasn't able to find it quickly I will instead prove that it works
+    // myself.  The key to the algorithm is that if a match exists, step (1)
+    // will find it.  Proof:
+    // 1) Define the "search key" to be the key we are looking for, the "found
+    //    key" to be the key found in step (1), and the "match key" to be the
+    //    key which actually matches the search key (i.e. the key we're trying
+    //    to find).
+    // 2) The found key must be less than or equal to the search key by
+    //    definition.
+    // 3) The match key must also be less than or equal to the search key
+    //    (because it is a prefix).
+    // 4) The match key cannot be greater than the found key, because if it
+    //    were, then step (1) of the algorithm would have returned the match
+    //    key instead (since it finds the *greatest* key which is less than or
+    //    equal to the search key).
+    // 5) Therefore, the found key must be between the match key and the search
+    //    key, inclusive.
+    // 6) Since the search key must be a sub-symbol of the match key, if it is
+    //    not equal to the match key, then search_key[match_key.size()] must
+    //    be '.'.
+    // 7) Since '.' sorts before any other character that is valid in a symbol
+    //    name, then if the found key is not equal to the match key, then
+    //    found_key[match_key.size()] must also be '.', because any other value
+    //    would make it sort after the search key.
+    // 8) Therefore, if the found key is not equal to the match key, then the
+    //    found key must be a sub-symbol of the match key.  However, this would
+    //    contradict our map invariant which says that no symbol in the map is
+    //    a sub-symbol of any other.
+    // 9) Therefore, the found key must match the match key.
+    //
+    // The above proof assumes the match key exists.  In the case that the
+    // match key does not exist, then step (1) will return some other symbol.
+    // That symbol cannot be a super-symbol of the search key since if it were,
+    // then it would be a match, and we're assuming the match key doesn't exist.
+    // Therefore, step 2 will correctly return no match.
+
+    // Find the last entry in the by_symbol_ map whose key is less than or
+    // equal to the given name.
+    typename std::map<std::string, Value>::iterator FindLastLessOrEqual(
+        const std::string& name);
+
+    // True if either the arguments are equal or super_symbol identifies a
+    // parent symbol of sub_symbol (e.g. "foo.bar" is a parent of
+    // "foo.bar.baz", but not a parent of "foo.barbaz").
+    bool IsSubSymbol(const std::string& sub_symbol,
+                     const std::string& super_symbol);
+
+    // Returns true if and only if all characters in the name are alphanumerics,
+    // underscores, or periods.
+    bool ValidateSymbolName(const std::string& name);
+  };
+
+  DescriptorIndex<const FileDescriptorProto*> index_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const FileDescriptorProto>> files_to_delete_;
+
+  // If file is non-NULL, copy it into *output and return true, otherwise
+  // return false.
+  bool MaybeCopy(const FileDescriptorProto* file, FileDescriptorProto* output);
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(SimpleDescriptorDatabase);
+};
+
+// Very similar to SimpleDescriptorDatabase, but stores all the descriptors
+// as raw bytes and generally tries to use as little memory as possible.
+//
+// The same caveats regarding FindFileContainingExtension() apply as with
+// SimpleDescriptorDatabase.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT EncodedDescriptorDatabase : public DescriptorDatabase {
+ public:
+  EncodedDescriptorDatabase();
+  ~EncodedDescriptorDatabase() override;
+
+  // Adds the FileDescriptorProto to the database.  The descriptor is provided
+  // in encoded form.  The database does not make a copy of the bytes, nor
+  // does it take ownership; it's up to the caller to make sure the bytes
+  // remain valid for the life of the database.  Returns false and logs an error
+  // if the bytes are not a valid FileDescriptorProto or if the file conflicted
+  // with a file already in the database.
+  bool Add(const void* encoded_file_descriptor, int size);
+
+  // Like Add(), but makes a copy of the data, so that the caller does not
+  // need to keep it around.
+  bool AddCopy(const void* encoded_file_descriptor, int size);
+
+  // Like FindFileContainingSymbol but returns only the name of the file.
+  bool FindNameOfFileContainingSymbol(const std::string& symbol_name,
+                                      std::string* output);
+
+  // implements DescriptorDatabase -----------------------------------
+  bool FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                      FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+  bool FindFileContainingSymbol(const std::string& symbol_name,
+                                FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+  bool FindFileContainingExtension(const std::string& containing_type,
+                                   int field_number,
+                                   FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+  bool FindAllExtensionNumbers(const std::string& extendee_type,
+                               std::vector<int>* output) override;
+  bool FindAllFileNames(std::vector<std::string>* output) override;
+
+ private:
+  SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<std::pair<const void*, int> >
+      index_;
+  std::vector<void*> files_to_delete_;
+
+  // If encoded_file.first is non-NULL, parse the data into *output and return
+  // true, otherwise return false.
+  bool MaybeParse(std::pair<const void*, int> encoded_file,
+                  FileDescriptorProto* output);
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(EncodedDescriptorDatabase);
+};
+
+// A DescriptorDatabase that fetches files from a given pool.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorPoolDatabase : public DescriptorDatabase {
+ public:
+  explicit DescriptorPoolDatabase(const DescriptorPool& pool);
+  ~DescriptorPoolDatabase() override;
+
+  // implements DescriptorDatabase -----------------------------------
+  bool FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                      FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+  bool FindFileContainingSymbol(const std::string& symbol_name,
+                                FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+  bool FindFileContainingExtension(const std::string& containing_type,
+                                   int field_number,
+                                   FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+  bool FindAllExtensionNumbers(const std::string& extendee_type,
+                               std::vector<int>* output) override;
+
+ private:
+  const DescriptorPool& pool_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(DescriptorPoolDatabase);
+};
+
+// A DescriptorDatabase that wraps two or more others.  It first searches the
+// first database and, if that fails, tries the second, and so on.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MergedDescriptorDatabase : public DescriptorDatabase {
+ public:
+  // Merge just two databases.  The sources remain property of the caller.
+  MergedDescriptorDatabase(DescriptorDatabase* source1,
+                           DescriptorDatabase* source2);
+  // Merge more than two databases.  The sources remain property of the caller.
+  // The vector may be deleted after the constructor returns but the
+  // DescriptorDatabases need to stick around.
+  explicit MergedDescriptorDatabase(
+      const std::vector<DescriptorDatabase*>& sources);
+  ~MergedDescriptorDatabase() override;
+
+  // implements DescriptorDatabase -----------------------------------
+  bool FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                      FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+  bool FindFileContainingSymbol(const std::string& symbol_name,
+                                FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+  bool FindFileContainingExtension(const std::string& containing_type,
+                                   int field_number,
+                                   FileDescriptorProto* output) override;
+  // Merges the results of calling all databases. Returns true iff any
+  // of the databases returned true.
+  bool FindAllExtensionNumbers(const std::string& extendee_type,
+                               std::vector<int>* output) override;
+
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<DescriptorDatabase*> sources_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MergedDescriptorDatabase);
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DESCRIPTOR_DATABASE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8653193ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,803 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file makes extensive use of RFC 3092.  :)
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+
+static void AddToDatabase(SimpleDescriptorDatabase* database,
+                          const char* file_text) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(file_text, &file_proto));
+  database->Add(file_proto);
+}
+
+static void ExpectContainsType(const FileDescriptorProto& proto,
+                               const std::string& type_name) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto.message_type_size(); i++) {
+    if (proto.message_type(i).name() == type_name) return;
+  }
+  ADD_FAILURE() << "\"" << proto.name() << "\" did not contain expected type \""
+                << type_name << "\".";
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+// SimpleDescriptorDatabase, EncodedDescriptorDatabase, and
+// DescriptorPoolDatabase call for very similar tests.  Instead of writing
+// three nearly-identical sets of tests, we use parameterized tests to apply
+// the same code to all three.
+
+// The parameterized test runs against a DescriptorDatabaseTestCase.  We have
+// implementations for each of the three classes we want to test.
+class DescriptorDatabaseTestCase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~DescriptorDatabaseTestCase() {}
+
+  virtual DescriptorDatabase* GetDatabase() = 0;
+  virtual bool AddToDatabase(const FileDescriptorProto& file) = 0;
+};
+
+// Factory function type.
+typedef DescriptorDatabaseTestCase* DescriptorDatabaseTestCaseFactory();
+
+// Specialization for SimpleDescriptorDatabase.
+class SimpleDescriptorDatabaseTestCase : public DescriptorDatabaseTestCase {
+ public:
+  static DescriptorDatabaseTestCase* New() {
+    return new SimpleDescriptorDatabaseTestCase;
+  }
+
+  virtual ~SimpleDescriptorDatabaseTestCase() {}
+
+  virtual DescriptorDatabase* GetDatabase() { return &database_; }
+  virtual bool AddToDatabase(const FileDescriptorProto& file) {
+    return database_.Add(file);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  SimpleDescriptorDatabase database_;
+};
+
+// Specialization for EncodedDescriptorDatabase.
+class EncodedDescriptorDatabaseTestCase : public DescriptorDatabaseTestCase {
+ public:
+  static DescriptorDatabaseTestCase* New() {
+    return new EncodedDescriptorDatabaseTestCase;
+  }
+
+  virtual ~EncodedDescriptorDatabaseTestCase() {}
+
+  virtual DescriptorDatabase* GetDatabase() { return &database_; }
+  virtual bool AddToDatabase(const FileDescriptorProto& file) {
+    std::string data;
+    file.SerializeToString(&data);
+    return database_.AddCopy(data.data(), data.size());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  EncodedDescriptorDatabase database_;
+};
+
+// Specialization for DescriptorPoolDatabase.
+class DescriptorPoolDatabaseTestCase : public DescriptorDatabaseTestCase {
+ public:
+  static DescriptorDatabaseTestCase* New() {
+    return new EncodedDescriptorDatabaseTestCase;
+  }
+
+  DescriptorPoolDatabaseTestCase() : database_(pool_) {}
+  virtual ~DescriptorPoolDatabaseTestCase() {}
+
+  virtual DescriptorDatabase* GetDatabase() { return &database_; }
+  virtual bool AddToDatabase(const FileDescriptorProto& file) {
+    return pool_.BuildFile(file);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+  DescriptorPoolDatabase database_;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class DescriptorDatabaseTest
+    : public testing::TestWithParam<DescriptorDatabaseTestCaseFactory*> {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    test_case_.reset(GetParam()());
+    database_ = test_case_->GetDatabase();
+  }
+
+  void AddToDatabase(const char* file_descriptor_text) {
+    FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(file_descriptor_text, &file_proto));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(test_case_->AddToDatabase(file_proto));
+  }
+
+  void AddToDatabaseWithError(const char* file_descriptor_text) {
+    FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(file_descriptor_text, &file_proto));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(test_case_->AddToDatabase(file_proto));
+  }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<DescriptorDatabaseTestCase> test_case_;
+  DescriptorDatabase* database_;
+};
+
+TEST_P(DescriptorDatabaseTest, FindFileByName) {
+  AddToDatabase(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name:\"Foo\" }");
+  AddToDatabase(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name:\"Bar\" }");
+
+  {
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileByName("foo.proto", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file.name());
+    ExpectContainsType(file, "Foo");
+  }
+
+  {
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileByName("bar.proto", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", file.name());
+    ExpectContainsType(file, "Bar");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Fails to find undefined files.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(database_->FindFileByName("baz.proto", &file));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(DescriptorDatabaseTest, FindFileContainingSymbol) {
+  AddToDatabase(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"Foo\" "
+      "  field { name:\"qux\" }"
+      "  nested_type { name: \"Grault\" } "
+      "  enum_type { name: \"Garply\" } "
+      "} "
+      "enum_type { "
+      "  name: \"Waldo\" "
+      "  value { name:\"FRED\" } "
+      "} "
+      "extension { name: \"plugh\" } "
+      "service { "
+      "  name: \"Xyzzy\" "
+      "  method { name: \"Thud\" } "
+      "}");
+  AddToDatabase(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "package: \"corge\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Bar\" }");
+
+  {
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileContainingSymbol("Foo", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file.name());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can find fields.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileContainingSymbol("Foo.qux", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file.name());
+    // Non-existent field under a valid top level symbol can also be
+    // found.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(
+        database_->FindFileContainingSymbol("Foo.none_field.none", &file));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can find nested types.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileContainingSymbol("Foo.Grault", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file.name());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can find nested enums.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileContainingSymbol("Foo.Garply", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file.name());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can find enum types.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileContainingSymbol("Waldo", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file.name());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can find enum values.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileContainingSymbol("Waldo.FRED", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file.name());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can find extensions.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileContainingSymbol("plugh", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file.name());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can find services.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileContainingSymbol("Xyzzy", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file.name());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can find methods.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileContainingSymbol("Xyzzy.Thud", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file.name());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can find things in packages.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileContainingSymbol("corge.Bar", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", file.name());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Fails to find undefined symbols.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(database_->FindFileContainingSymbol("Baz", &file));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Names must be fully-qualified.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(database_->FindFileContainingSymbol("Bar", &file));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(DescriptorDatabaseTest, FindFileContainingExtension) {
+  AddToDatabase(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"Foo\" "
+      "  extension_range { start: 1 end: 1000 } "
+      "  extension { name:\"qux\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "number:5 "
+      "              extendee: \".Foo\" }"
+      "}");
+  AddToDatabase(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "package: \"corge\" "
+      "dependency: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"Bar\" "
+      "  extension_range { start: 1 end: 1000 } "
+      "} "
+      "extension { name:\"grault\" extendee: \".Foo\"       number:32 } "
+      "extension { name:\"garply\" extendee: \".corge.Bar\" number:70 } "
+      "extension { name:\"waldo\"  extendee: \"Bar\"        number:56 } ");
+
+  {
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileContainingExtension("Foo", 5, &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file.name());
+  }
+
+  {
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileContainingExtension("Foo", 32, &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", file.name());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can find extensions for qualified type names.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindFileContainingExtension("corge.Bar", 70, &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", file.name());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can't find extensions whose extendee was not fully-qualified in the
+    // FileDescriptorProto.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(database_->FindFileContainingExtension("Bar", 56, &file));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(
+        database_->FindFileContainingExtension("corge.Bar", 56, &file));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can't find non-existent extension numbers.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(database_->FindFileContainingExtension("Foo", 12, &file));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can't find extensions for non-existent types.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(
+        database_->FindFileContainingExtension("NoSuchType", 5, &file));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can't find extensions for unqualified type names.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(database_->FindFileContainingExtension("Bar", 70, &file));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(DescriptorDatabaseTest, FindAllExtensionNumbers) {
+  AddToDatabase(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"Foo\" "
+      "  extension_range { start: 1 end: 1000 } "
+      "  extension { name:\"qux\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "number:5 "
+      "              extendee: \".Foo\" }"
+      "}");
+  AddToDatabase(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "package: \"corge\" "
+      "dependency: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"Bar\" "
+      "  extension_range { start: 1 end: 1000 } "
+      "} "
+      "extension { name:\"grault\" extendee: \".Foo\"       number:32 } "
+      "extension { name:\"garply\" extendee: \".corge.Bar\" number:70 } "
+      "extension { name:\"waldo\"  extendee: \"Bar\"        number:56 } ");
+
+  {
+    std::vector<int> numbers;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindAllExtensionNumbers("Foo", &numbers));
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, numbers.size());
+    std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
+    EXPECT_EQ(5, numbers[0]);
+    EXPECT_EQ(32, numbers[1]);
+  }
+
+  {
+    std::vector<int> numbers;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindAllExtensionNumbers("corge.Bar", &numbers));
+    // Note: won't find extension 56 due to the name not being fully qualified.
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, numbers.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(70, numbers[0]);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can't find extensions for non-existent types.
+    std::vector<int> numbers;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(database_->FindAllExtensionNumbers("NoSuchType", &numbers));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can't find extensions for unqualified types.
+    std::vector<int> numbers;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(database_->FindAllExtensionNumbers("Bar", &numbers));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(DescriptorDatabaseTest, ConflictingFileError) {
+  AddToDatabase(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"Foo\" "
+      "}");
+  AddToDatabaseWithError(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"Bar\" "
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_P(DescriptorDatabaseTest, ConflictingTypeError) {
+  AddToDatabase(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"Foo\" "
+      "}");
+  AddToDatabaseWithError(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"Foo\" "
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_P(DescriptorDatabaseTest, ConflictingExtensionError) {
+  AddToDatabase(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "extension { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:5 "
+      "            extendee: \".Foo\" }");
+  AddToDatabaseWithError(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "extension { name:\"bar\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:5 "
+      "            extendee: \".Foo\" }");
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+    Simple, DescriptorDatabaseTest,
+    testing::Values(&SimpleDescriptorDatabaseTestCase::New));
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+    MemoryConserving, DescriptorDatabaseTest,
+    testing::Values(&EncodedDescriptorDatabaseTestCase::New));
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(Pool, DescriptorDatabaseTest,
+                        testing::Values(&DescriptorPoolDatabaseTestCase::New));
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
+
+TEST(EncodedDescriptorDatabaseExtraTest, FindNameOfFileContainingSymbol) {
+  // Create two files, one of which is in two parts.
+  FileDescriptorProto file1, file2a, file2b;
+  file1.set_name("foo.proto");
+  file1.set_package("foo");
+  file1.add_message_type()->set_name("Foo");
+  file2a.set_name("bar.proto");
+  file2b.set_package("bar");
+  file2b.add_message_type()->set_name("Bar");
+
+  // Normal serialization allows our optimization to kick in.
+  std::string data1 = file1.SerializeAsString();
+
+  // Force out-of-order serialization to test slow path.
+  std::string data2 = file2b.SerializeAsString() + file2a.SerializeAsString();
+
+  // Create EncodedDescriptorDatabase containing both files.
+  EncodedDescriptorDatabase db;
+  db.Add(data1.data(), data1.size());
+  db.Add(data2.data(), data2.size());
+
+  // Test!
+  std::string filename;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(db.FindNameOfFileContainingSymbol("foo.Foo", &filename));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", filename);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(db.FindNameOfFileContainingSymbol("foo.Foo.Blah", &filename));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", filename);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(db.FindNameOfFileContainingSymbol("bar.Bar", &filename));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", filename);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(db.FindNameOfFileContainingSymbol("foo", &filename));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(db.FindNameOfFileContainingSymbol("bar", &filename));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(db.FindNameOfFileContainingSymbol("baz.Baz", &filename));
+}
+
+TEST(SimpleDescriptorDatabaseExtraTest, FindAllFileNames) {
+  FileDescriptorProto f;
+  f.set_name("foo.proto");
+  f.set_package("foo");
+  f.add_message_type()->set_name("Foo");
+
+  SimpleDescriptorDatabase db;
+  db.Add(f);
+
+  // Test!
+  std::vector<std::string> all_files;
+  db.FindAllFileNames(&all_files);
+  EXPECT_THAT(all_files, testing::ElementsAre("foo.proto"));
+}
+
+TEST(SimpleDescriptorDatabaseExtraTest, FindAllPackageNames) {
+  FileDescriptorProto f;
+  f.set_name("foo.proto");
+  f.set_package("foo");
+  f.add_message_type()->set_name("Foo");
+
+  FileDescriptorProto b;
+  b.set_name("bar.proto");
+  b.set_package("");
+  b.add_message_type()->set_name("Bar");
+
+  SimpleDescriptorDatabase db;
+  db.Add(f);
+  db.Add(b);
+
+  std::vector<string> packages;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(db.FindAllPackageNames(&packages));
+  EXPECT_THAT(packages, ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre("foo", ""));
+}
+
+TEST(SimpleDescriptorDatabaseExtraTest, FindAllMessageNames) {
+  FileDescriptorProto f;
+  f.set_name("foo.proto");
+  f.set_package("foo");
+  f.add_message_type()->set_name("Foo");
+
+  FileDescriptorProto b;
+  b.set_name("bar.proto");
+  b.set_package("");
+  b.add_message_type()->set_name("Bar");
+
+  SimpleDescriptorDatabase db;
+  db.Add(f);
+  db.Add(b);
+
+  std::vector<string> messages;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(db.FindAllMessageNames(&messages));
+  EXPECT_THAT(messages, ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre("foo.Foo", "Bar"));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class MergedDescriptorDatabaseTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  MergedDescriptorDatabaseTest()
+      : forward_merged_(&database1_, &database2_),
+        reverse_merged_(&database2_, &database1_) {}
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    AddToDatabase(
+        &database1_,
+        "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+        "message_type { name:\"Foo\" extension_range { start: 1 end: 100 } } "
+        "extension { name:\"foo_ext\" extendee: \".Foo\" number:3 "
+        "            label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 } ");
+    AddToDatabase(
+        &database2_,
+        "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+        "message_type { name:\"Bar\" extension_range { start: 1 end: 100 } } "
+        "extension { name:\"bar_ext\" extendee: \".Bar\" number:5 "
+        "            label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 } ");
+
+    // baz.proto exists in both pools, with different definitions.
+    AddToDatabase(
+        &database1_,
+        "name: \"baz.proto\" "
+        "message_type { name:\"Baz\" extension_range { start: 1 end: 100 } } "
+        "message_type { name:\"FromPool1\" } "
+        "extension { name:\"baz_ext\" extendee: \".Baz\" number:12 "
+        "            label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 } "
+        "extension { name:\"database1_only_ext\" extendee: \".Baz\" number:13 "
+        "            label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 } ");
+    AddToDatabase(
+        &database2_,
+        "name: \"baz.proto\" "
+        "message_type { name:\"Baz\" extension_range { start: 1 end: 100 } } "
+        "message_type { name:\"FromPool2\" } "
+        "extension { name:\"baz_ext\" extendee: \".Baz\" number:12 "
+        "            label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 } ");
+  }
+
+  SimpleDescriptorDatabase database1_;
+  SimpleDescriptorDatabase database2_;
+
+  MergedDescriptorDatabase forward_merged_;
+  MergedDescriptorDatabase reverse_merged_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(MergedDescriptorDatabaseTest, FindFileByName) {
+  {
+    // Can find file that is only in database1_.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindFileByName("foo.proto", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file.name());
+    ExpectContainsType(file, "Foo");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can find file that is only in database2_.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindFileByName("bar.proto", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", file.name());
+    ExpectContainsType(file, "Bar");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // In forward_merged_, database1_'s baz.proto takes precedence.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindFileByName("baz.proto", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("baz.proto", file.name());
+    ExpectContainsType(file, "FromPool1");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // In reverse_merged_, database2_'s baz.proto takes precedence.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(reverse_merged_.FindFileByName("baz.proto", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("baz.proto", file.name());
+    ExpectContainsType(file, "FromPool2");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can't find non-existent file.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(forward_merged_.FindFileByName("no_such.proto", &file));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MergedDescriptorDatabaseTest, FindFileContainingSymbol) {
+  {
+    // Can find file that is only in database1_.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindFileContainingSymbol("Foo", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file.name());
+    ExpectContainsType(file, "Foo");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can find file that is only in database2_.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindFileContainingSymbol("Bar", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", file.name());
+    ExpectContainsType(file, "Bar");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // In forward_merged_, database1_'s baz.proto takes precedence.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindFileContainingSymbol("Baz", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("baz.proto", file.name());
+    ExpectContainsType(file, "FromPool1");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // In reverse_merged_, database2_'s baz.proto takes precedence.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(reverse_merged_.FindFileContainingSymbol("Baz", &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("baz.proto", file.name());
+    ExpectContainsType(file, "FromPool2");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // FromPool1 only shows up in forward_merged_ because it is masked by
+    // database2_'s baz.proto in reverse_merged_.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindFileContainingSymbol("FromPool1", &file));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(reverse_merged_.FindFileContainingSymbol("FromPool1", &file));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can't find non-existent symbol.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(forward_merged_.FindFileContainingSymbol("NoSuchType", &file));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MergedDescriptorDatabaseTest, FindFileContainingExtension) {
+  {
+    // Can find file that is only in database1_.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindFileContainingExtension("Foo", 3, &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file.name());
+    ExpectContainsType(file, "Foo");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can find file that is only in database2_.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindFileContainingExtension("Bar", 5, &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", file.name());
+    ExpectContainsType(file, "Bar");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // In forward_merged_, database1_'s baz.proto takes precedence.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindFileContainingExtension("Baz", 12, &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("baz.proto", file.name());
+    ExpectContainsType(file, "FromPool1");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // In reverse_merged_, database2_'s baz.proto takes precedence.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(reverse_merged_.FindFileContainingExtension("Baz", 12, &file));
+    EXPECT_EQ("baz.proto", file.name());
+    ExpectContainsType(file, "FromPool2");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Baz's extension 13 only shows up in forward_merged_ because it is
+    // masked by database2_'s baz.proto in reverse_merged_.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindFileContainingExtension("Baz", 13, &file));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(reverse_merged_.FindFileContainingExtension("Baz", 13, &file));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can't find non-existent extension.
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(forward_merged_.FindFileContainingExtension("Foo", 6, &file));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MergedDescriptorDatabaseTest, FindAllExtensionNumbers) {
+  {
+    // Message only has extension in database1_
+    std::vector<int> numbers;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindAllExtensionNumbers("Foo", &numbers));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, numbers.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, numbers[0]);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Message only has extension in database2_
+    std::vector<int> numbers;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindAllExtensionNumbers("Bar", &numbers));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, numbers.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(5, numbers[0]);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Merge results from the two databases.
+    std::vector<int> numbers;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindAllExtensionNumbers("Baz", &numbers));
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, numbers.size());
+    std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
+    EXPECT_EQ(12, numbers[0]);
+    EXPECT_EQ(13, numbers[1]);
+  }
+
+  {
+    std::vector<int> numbers;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(reverse_merged_.FindAllExtensionNumbers("Baz", &numbers));
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, numbers.size());
+    std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
+    EXPECT_EQ(12, numbers[0]);
+    EXPECT_EQ(13, numbers[1]);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Can't find extensions for a non-existent message.
+    std::vector<int> numbers;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(reverse_merged_.FindAllExtensionNumbers("Blah", &numbers));
+  }
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..898c1da19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,8045 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file makes extensive use of RFC 3092.  :)
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/importer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Can't use an anonymous namespace here due to brokenness of Tru64 compiler.
+namespace descriptor_unittest {
+
+// Some helpers to make assembling descriptors faster.
+DescriptorProto* AddMessage(FileDescriptorProto* file,
+                            const std::string& name) {
+  DescriptorProto* result = file->add_message_type();
+  result->set_name(name);
+  return result;
+}
+
+DescriptorProto* AddNestedMessage(DescriptorProto* parent,
+                                  const std::string& name) {
+  DescriptorProto* result = parent->add_nested_type();
+  result->set_name(name);
+  return result;
+}
+
+EnumDescriptorProto* AddEnum(FileDescriptorProto* file,
+                             const std::string& name) {
+  EnumDescriptorProto* result = file->add_enum_type();
+  result->set_name(name);
+  return result;
+}
+
+EnumDescriptorProto* AddNestedEnum(DescriptorProto* parent,
+                                   const std::string& name) {
+  EnumDescriptorProto* result = parent->add_enum_type();
+  result->set_name(name);
+  return result;
+}
+
+ServiceDescriptorProto* AddService(FileDescriptorProto* file,
+                                   const std::string& name) {
+  ServiceDescriptorProto* result = file->add_service();
+  result->set_name(name);
+  return result;
+}
+
+FieldDescriptorProto* AddField(DescriptorProto* parent, const std::string& name,
+                               int number, FieldDescriptorProto::Label label,
+                               FieldDescriptorProto::Type type) {
+  FieldDescriptorProto* result = parent->add_field();
+  result->set_name(name);
+  result->set_number(number);
+  result->set_label(label);
+  result->set_type(type);
+  return result;
+}
+
+FieldDescriptorProto* AddExtension(FileDescriptorProto* file,
+                                   const std::string& extendee,
+                                   const std::string& name, int number,
+                                   FieldDescriptorProto::Label label,
+                                   FieldDescriptorProto::Type type) {
+  FieldDescriptorProto* result = file->add_extension();
+  result->set_name(name);
+  result->set_number(number);
+  result->set_label(label);
+  result->set_type(type);
+  result->set_extendee(extendee);
+  return result;
+}
+
+FieldDescriptorProto* AddNestedExtension(DescriptorProto* parent,
+                                         const std::string& extendee,
+                                         const std::string& name, int number,
+                                         FieldDescriptorProto::Label label,
+                                         FieldDescriptorProto::Type type) {
+  FieldDescriptorProto* result = parent->add_extension();
+  result->set_name(name);
+  result->set_number(number);
+  result->set_label(label);
+  result->set_type(type);
+  result->set_extendee(extendee);
+  return result;
+}
+
+DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange* AddExtensionRange(DescriptorProto* parent,
+                                                   int start, int end) {
+  DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange* result = parent->add_extension_range();
+  result->set_start(start);
+  result->set_end(end);
+  return result;
+}
+
+DescriptorProto::ReservedRange* AddReservedRange(DescriptorProto* parent,
+                                                 int start, int end) {
+  DescriptorProto::ReservedRange* result = parent->add_reserved_range();
+  result->set_start(start);
+  result->set_end(end);
+  return result;
+}
+
+EnumDescriptorProto::EnumReservedRange* AddReservedRange(
+    EnumDescriptorProto* parent, int start, int end) {
+  EnumDescriptorProto::EnumReservedRange* result = parent->add_reserved_range();
+  result->set_start(start);
+  result->set_end(end);
+  return result;
+}
+
+EnumValueDescriptorProto* AddEnumValue(EnumDescriptorProto* enum_proto,
+                                       const std::string& name, int number) {
+  EnumValueDescriptorProto* result = enum_proto->add_value();
+  result->set_name(name);
+  result->set_number(number);
+  return result;
+}
+
+MethodDescriptorProto* AddMethod(ServiceDescriptorProto* service,
+                                 const std::string& name,
+                                 const std::string& input_type,
+                                 const std::string& output_type) {
+  MethodDescriptorProto* result = service->add_method();
+  result->set_name(name);
+  result->set_input_type(input_type);
+  result->set_output_type(output_type);
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Empty enums technically aren't allowed.  We need to insert a dummy value
+// into them.
+void AddEmptyEnum(FileDescriptorProto* file, const std::string& name) {
+  AddEnumValue(AddEnum(file, name), name + "_DUMMY", 1);
+}
+
+class MockErrorCollector : public DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  MockErrorCollector() {}
+  ~MockErrorCollector() {}
+
+  std::string text_;
+  std::string warning_text_;
+
+  // implements ErrorCollector ---------------------------------------
+  void AddError(const std::string& filename, const std::string& element_name,
+                const Message* descriptor, ErrorLocation location,
+                const std::string& message) {
+    const char* location_name = nullptr;
+    switch (location) {
+      case NAME:
+        location_name = "NAME";
+        break;
+      case NUMBER:
+        location_name = "NUMBER";
+        break;
+      case TYPE:
+        location_name = "TYPE";
+        break;
+      case EXTENDEE:
+        location_name = "EXTENDEE";
+        break;
+      case DEFAULT_VALUE:
+        location_name = "DEFAULT_VALUE";
+        break;
+      case OPTION_NAME:
+        location_name = "OPTION_NAME";
+        break;
+      case OPTION_VALUE:
+        location_name = "OPTION_VALUE";
+        break;
+      case INPUT_TYPE:
+        location_name = "INPUT_TYPE";
+        break;
+      case OUTPUT_TYPE:
+        location_name = "OUTPUT_TYPE";
+        break;
+      case IMPORT:
+        location_name = "IMPORT";
+        break;
+      case OTHER:
+        location_name = "OTHER";
+        break;
+    }
+
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&text_, "$0: $1: $2: $3\n", filename,
+                                 element_name, location_name, message);
+  }
+
+  // implements ErrorCollector ---------------------------------------
+  void AddWarning(const std::string& filename, const std::string& element_name,
+                  const Message* descriptor, ErrorLocation location,
+                  const std::string& message) {
+    const char* location_name = nullptr;
+    switch (location) {
+      case NAME:
+        location_name = "NAME";
+        break;
+      case NUMBER:
+        location_name = "NUMBER";
+        break;
+      case TYPE:
+        location_name = "TYPE";
+        break;
+      case EXTENDEE:
+        location_name = "EXTENDEE";
+        break;
+      case DEFAULT_VALUE:
+        location_name = "DEFAULT_VALUE";
+        break;
+      case OPTION_NAME:
+        location_name = "OPTION_NAME";
+        break;
+      case OPTION_VALUE:
+        location_name = "OPTION_VALUE";
+        break;
+      case INPUT_TYPE:
+        location_name = "INPUT_TYPE";
+        break;
+      case OUTPUT_TYPE:
+        location_name = "OUTPUT_TYPE";
+        break;
+      case IMPORT:
+        location_name = "IMPORT";
+        break;
+      case OTHER:
+        location_name = "OTHER";
+        break;
+    }
+
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&warning_text_, "$0: $1: $2: $3\n", filename,
+                                 element_name, location_name, message);
+  }
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// Test simple files.
+class FileDescriptorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // Build descriptors for the following definitions:
+    //
+    //   // in "foo.proto"
+    //   message FooMessage { extensions 1; }
+    //   enum FooEnum {FOO_ENUM_VALUE = 1;}
+    //   service FooService {}
+    //   extend FooMessage { optional int32 foo_extension = 1; }
+    //
+    //   // in "bar.proto"
+    //   package bar_package;
+    //   message BarMessage { extensions 1; }
+    //   enum BarEnum {BAR_ENUM_VALUE = 1;}
+    //   service BarService {}
+    //   extend BarMessage { optional int32 bar_extension = 1; }
+    //
+    // Also, we have an empty file "baz.proto".  This file's purpose is to
+    // make sure that even though it has the same package as foo.proto,
+    // searching it for members of foo.proto won't work.
+
+    FileDescriptorProto foo_file;
+    foo_file.set_name("foo.proto");
+    AddExtensionRange(AddMessage(&foo_file, "FooMessage"), 1, 2);
+    AddEnumValue(AddEnum(&foo_file, "FooEnum"), "FOO_ENUM_VALUE", 1);
+    AddService(&foo_file, "FooService");
+    AddExtension(&foo_file, "FooMessage", "foo_extension", 1,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+
+    FileDescriptorProto bar_file;
+    bar_file.set_name("bar.proto");
+    bar_file.set_package("bar_package");
+    bar_file.add_dependency("foo.proto");
+    AddExtensionRange(AddMessage(&bar_file, "BarMessage"), 1, 2);
+    AddEnumValue(AddEnum(&bar_file, "BarEnum"), "BAR_ENUM_VALUE", 1);
+    AddService(&bar_file, "BarService");
+    AddExtension(&bar_file, "bar_package.BarMessage", "bar_extension", 1,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+
+    FileDescriptorProto baz_file;
+    baz_file.set_name("baz.proto");
+
+    // Build the descriptors and get the pointers.
+    foo_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(foo_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(foo_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    bar_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(bar_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(bar_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    baz_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(baz_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(baz_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, foo_file_->message_type_count());
+    foo_message_ = foo_file_->message_type(0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, foo_file_->enum_type_count());
+    foo_enum_ = foo_file_->enum_type(0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, foo_enum_->value_count());
+    foo_enum_value_ = foo_enum_->value(0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, foo_file_->service_count());
+    foo_service_ = foo_file_->service(0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, foo_file_->extension_count());
+    foo_extension_ = foo_file_->extension(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, bar_file_->message_type_count());
+    bar_message_ = bar_file_->message_type(0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, bar_file_->enum_type_count());
+    bar_enum_ = bar_file_->enum_type(0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, bar_enum_->value_count());
+    bar_enum_value_ = bar_enum_->value(0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, bar_file_->service_count());
+    bar_service_ = bar_file_->service(0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, bar_file_->extension_count());
+    bar_extension_ = bar_file_->extension(0);
+  }
+
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* foo_file_;
+  const FileDescriptor* bar_file_;
+  const FileDescriptor* baz_file_;
+
+  const Descriptor* foo_message_;
+  const EnumDescriptor* foo_enum_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* foo_enum_value_;
+  const ServiceDescriptor* foo_service_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* foo_extension_;
+
+  const Descriptor* bar_message_;
+  const EnumDescriptor* bar_enum_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* bar_enum_value_;
+  const ServiceDescriptor* bar_service_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* bar_extension_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(FileDescriptorTest, Name) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", foo_file_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", bar_file_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz.proto", baz_file_->name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileDescriptorTest, Package) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("", foo_file_->package());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar_package", bar_file_->package());
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileDescriptorTest, Dependencies) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, foo_file_->dependency_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, bar_file_->dependency_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_file_, bar_file_->dependency(0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileDescriptorTest, FindMessageTypeByName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_message_, foo_file_->FindMessageTypeByName("FooMessage"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_message_, bar_file_->FindMessageTypeByName("BarMessage"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindMessageTypeByName("BarMessage") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bar_file_->FindMessageTypeByName("FooMessage") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(baz_file_->FindMessageTypeByName("FooMessage") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindMessageTypeByName("NoSuchMessage") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindMessageTypeByName("FooEnum") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileDescriptorTest, FindEnumTypeByName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_enum_, foo_file_->FindEnumTypeByName("FooEnum"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_enum_, bar_file_->FindEnumTypeByName("BarEnum"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindEnumTypeByName("BarEnum") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bar_file_->FindEnumTypeByName("FooEnum") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(baz_file_->FindEnumTypeByName("FooEnum") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindEnumTypeByName("NoSuchEnum") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindEnumTypeByName("FooMessage") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileDescriptorTest, FindEnumValueByName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_enum_value_, foo_file_->FindEnumValueByName("FOO_ENUM_VALUE"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_enum_value_, bar_file_->FindEnumValueByName("BAR_ENUM_VALUE"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindEnumValueByName("BAR_ENUM_VALUE") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bar_file_->FindEnumValueByName("FOO_ENUM_VALUE") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(baz_file_->FindEnumValueByName("FOO_ENUM_VALUE") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindEnumValueByName("NO_SUCH_VALUE") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindEnumValueByName("FooMessage") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileDescriptorTest, FindServiceByName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_service_, foo_file_->FindServiceByName("FooService"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_service_, bar_file_->FindServiceByName("BarService"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindServiceByName("BarService") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bar_file_->FindServiceByName("FooService") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(baz_file_->FindServiceByName("FooService") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindServiceByName("NoSuchService") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindServiceByName("FooMessage") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileDescriptorTest, FindExtensionByName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_extension_, foo_file_->FindExtensionByName("foo_extension"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_extension_, bar_file_->FindExtensionByName("bar_extension"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindExtensionByName("bar_extension") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bar_file_->FindExtensionByName("foo_extension") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(baz_file_->FindExtensionByName("foo_extension") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindExtensionByName("no_such_extension") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->FindExtensionByName("FooMessage") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileDescriptorTest, FindExtensionByNumber) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_extension_, pool_.FindExtensionByNumber(foo_message_, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_extension_, pool_.FindExtensionByNumber(bar_message_, 1));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.FindExtensionByNumber(foo_message_, 2) == nullptr);
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(FileDescriptorTest, BuildAgain) {
+  // Test that if te call BuildFile again on the same input we get the same
+  // FileDescriptor back.
+  FileDescriptorProto file;
+  foo_file_->CopyTo(&file);
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_file_, pool_.BuildFile(file));
+
+  // But if we change the file then it won't work.
+  file.set_package("some.other.package");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(file) == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileDescriptorTest, BuildAgainWithSyntax) {
+  // Test that if te call BuildFile again on the same input we get the same
+  // FileDescriptor back even if syntax param is specified.
+  FileDescriptorProto proto_syntax2;
+  proto_syntax2.set_name("foo_syntax2");
+  proto_syntax2.set_syntax("proto2");
+
+  const FileDescriptor* proto2_descriptor = pool_.BuildFile(proto_syntax2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(proto2_descriptor != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_descriptor, pool_.BuildFile(proto_syntax2));
+
+  FileDescriptorProto implicit_proto2;
+  implicit_proto2.set_name("foo_implicit_syntax2");
+
+  const FileDescriptor* implicit_proto2_descriptor =
+      pool_.BuildFile(implicit_proto2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(implicit_proto2_descriptor != nullptr);
+  // We get the same FileDescriptor back if syntax param is explicitly
+  // specified.
+  implicit_proto2.set_syntax("proto2");
+  EXPECT_EQ(implicit_proto2_descriptor, pool_.BuildFile(implicit_proto2));
+
+  FileDescriptorProto proto_syntax3;
+  proto_syntax3.set_name("foo_syntax3");
+  proto_syntax3.set_syntax("proto3");
+
+  const FileDescriptor* proto3_descriptor = pool_.BuildFile(proto_syntax3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(proto3_descriptor != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_descriptor, pool_.BuildFile(proto_syntax3));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileDescriptorTest, Syntax) {
+  FileDescriptorProto proto;
+  proto.set_name("foo");
+  // Enable the test when we also populate the syntax for proto2.
+#if 0
+  {
+    proto.set_syntax("proto2");
+    DescriptorPool pool;
+    const FileDescriptor* file = pool.BuildFile(proto);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2, file->syntax());
+    FileDescriptorProto other;
+    file->CopyTo(&other);
+    EXPECT_EQ("proto2", other.syntax());
+  }
+#endif
+  {
+    proto.set_syntax("proto3");
+    DescriptorPool pool;
+    const FileDescriptor* file = pool.BuildFile(proto);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3, file->syntax());
+    FileDescriptorProto other;
+    file->CopyTo(&other);
+    EXPECT_EQ("proto3", other.syntax());
+  }
+}
+
+void ExtractDebugString(
+    const FileDescriptor* file, std::set<std::string>* visited,
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>* debug_strings) {
+  if (!visited->insert(file->name()).second) {
+    return;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->dependency_count(); ++i) {
+    ExtractDebugString(file->dependency(i), visited, debug_strings);
+  }
+  debug_strings->push_back(std::make_pair(file->name(), file->DebugString()));
+}
+
+class SimpleErrorCollector : public io::ErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  // implements ErrorCollector ---------------------------------------
+  void AddError(int line, int column, const std::string& message) {
+    last_error_ = StringPrintf("%d:%d:", line, column) + message;
+  }
+
+  const std::string& last_error() { return last_error_; }
+
+ private:
+  std::string last_error_;
+};
+// Test that the result of FileDescriptor::DebugString() can be used to create
+// the original descriptors.
+TEST_F(FileDescriptorTest, DebugStringRoundTrip) {
+  std::set<std::string> visited;
+  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> debug_strings;
+  ExtractDebugString(protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor()->file(),
+                     &visited, &debug_strings);
+  ExtractDebugString(
+      protobuf_unittest::TestMessageWithCustomOptions::descriptor()->file(),
+      &visited, &debug_strings);
+  ExtractDebugString(proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor()->file(),
+                     &visited, &debug_strings);
+  ASSERT_GE(debug_strings.size(), 3);
+
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+  for (int i = 0; i < debug_strings.size(); ++i) {
+    const std::string& name = debug_strings[i].first;
+    const std::string& content = debug_strings[i].second;
+    io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(content.data(), content.size());
+    SimpleErrorCollector error_collector;
+    io::Tokenizer tokenizer(&input_stream, &error_collector);
+    compiler::Parser parser;
+    parser.RecordErrorsTo(&error_collector);
+    FileDescriptorProto proto;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Parse(&tokenizer, &proto))
+        << error_collector.last_error() << "\n"
+        << content;
+    ASSERT_EQ("", error_collector.last_error());
+    proto.set_name(name);
+    const FileDescriptor* descriptor = pool.BuildFile(proto);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(descriptor != nullptr) << proto.DebugString();
+    EXPECT_EQ(content, descriptor->DebugString());
+  }
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// Test simple flat messages and fields.
+class DescriptorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // Build descriptors for the following definitions:
+    //
+    //   // in "foo.proto"
+    //   message TestForeign {}
+    //   enum TestEnum {}
+    //
+    //   message TestMessage {
+    //     required string      foo = 1;
+    //     optional TestEnum    bar = 6;
+    //     repeated TestForeign baz = 500000000;
+    //     optional group       qux = 15 {}
+    //   }
+    //
+    //   // in "bar.proto"
+    //   package corge.grault;
+    //   message TestMessage2 {
+    //     required string foo = 1;
+    //     required string bar = 2;
+    //     required string quux = 6;
+    //   }
+    //
+    //   // in "map.proto"
+    //   message TestMessage3 {
+    //     map<int32, int32> map_int32_int32 = 1;
+    //   }
+    //
+    //   // in "json.proto"
+    //   message TestMessage4 {
+    //     optional int32 field_name1 = 1;
+    //     optional int32 fieldName2 = 2;
+    //     optional int32 FieldName3 = 3;
+    //     optional int32 _field_name4 = 4;
+    //     optional int32 FIELD_NAME5 = 5;
+    //     optional int32 field_name6 = 6 [json_name = "@type"];
+    //   }
+    //
+    // We cheat and use TestForeign as the type for qux rather than create
+    // an actual nested type.
+    //
+    // Since all primitive types (including string) use the same building
+    // code, there's no need to test each one individually.
+    //
+    // TestMessage2 is primarily here to test FindFieldByName and friends.
+    // All messages created from the same DescriptorPool share the same lookup
+    // table, so we need to insure that they don't interfere.
+
+    FileDescriptorProto foo_file;
+    foo_file.set_name("foo.proto");
+    AddMessage(&foo_file, "TestForeign");
+    AddEmptyEnum(&foo_file, "TestEnum");
+
+    DescriptorProto* message = AddMessage(&foo_file, "TestMessage");
+    AddField(message, "foo", 1, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REQUIRED,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_STRING);
+    AddField(message, "bar", 6, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_ENUM)
+        ->set_type_name("TestEnum");
+    AddField(message, "baz", 500000000, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REPEATED,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_MESSAGE)
+        ->set_type_name("TestForeign");
+    AddField(message, "qux", 15, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_GROUP)
+        ->set_type_name("TestForeign");
+
+    FileDescriptorProto bar_file;
+    bar_file.set_name("bar.proto");
+    bar_file.set_package("corge.grault");
+
+    DescriptorProto* message2 = AddMessage(&bar_file, "TestMessage2");
+    AddField(message2, "foo", 1, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REQUIRED,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_STRING);
+    AddField(message2, "bar", 2, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REQUIRED,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_STRING);
+    AddField(message2, "quux", 6, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REQUIRED,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_STRING);
+
+    FileDescriptorProto map_file;
+    map_file.set_name("map.proto");
+    DescriptorProto* message3 = AddMessage(&map_file, "TestMessage3");
+
+    DescriptorProto* entry = AddNestedMessage(message3, "MapInt32Int32Entry");
+    AddField(entry, "key", 1, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddField(entry, "value", 2, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    entry->mutable_options()->set_map_entry(true);
+
+    AddField(message3, "map_int32_int32", 1,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REPEATED,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_MESSAGE)
+        ->set_type_name("MapInt32Int32Entry");
+
+    FileDescriptorProto json_file;
+    json_file.set_name("json.proto");
+    json_file.set_syntax("proto3");
+    DescriptorProto* message4 = AddMessage(&json_file, "TestMessage4");
+    AddField(message4, "field_name1", 1, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddField(message4, "fieldName2", 2, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddField(message4, "FieldName3", 3, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddField(message4, "_field_name4", 4, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddField(message4, "FIELD_NAME5", 5, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddField(message4, "field_name6", 6, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32)
+        ->set_json_name("@type");
+
+    // Build the descriptors and get the pointers.
+    foo_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(foo_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(foo_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    bar_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(bar_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(bar_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    map_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(map_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(map_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    json_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(json_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(json_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, foo_file_->enum_type_count());
+    enum_ = foo_file_->enum_type(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, foo_file_->message_type_count());
+    foreign_ = foo_file_->message_type(0);
+    message_ = foo_file_->message_type(1);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(4, message_->field_count());
+    foo_ = message_->field(0);
+    bar_ = message_->field(1);
+    baz_ = message_->field(2);
+    qux_ = message_->field(3);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, bar_file_->message_type_count());
+    message2_ = bar_file_->message_type(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(3, message2_->field_count());
+    foo2_ = message2_->field(0);
+    bar2_ = message2_->field(1);
+    quux2_ = message2_->field(2);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, map_file_->message_type_count());
+    message3_ = map_file_->message_type(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, message3_->field_count());
+    map_ = message3_->field(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, json_file_->message_type_count());
+    message4_ = json_file_->message_type(0);
+  }
+
+  void CopyWithJsonName(const Descriptor* message, DescriptorProto* proto) {
+    message->CopyTo(proto);
+    message->CopyJsonNameTo(proto);
+  }
+
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* foo_file_;
+  const FileDescriptor* bar_file_;
+  const FileDescriptor* map_file_;
+  const FileDescriptor* json_file_;
+
+  const Descriptor* message_;
+  const Descriptor* message2_;
+  const Descriptor* message3_;
+  const Descriptor* message4_;
+  const Descriptor* foreign_;
+  const EnumDescriptor* enum_;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* foo_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* bar_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* baz_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* qux_;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* foo2_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* bar2_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* quux2_;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, Name) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage", message_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage", message_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_file_, message_->file());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage2", message2_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestMessage2", message2_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_file_, message2_->file());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, ContainingType) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->containing_type() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2_->containing_type() == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldsByIndex) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(4, message_->field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, message_->field(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_, message_->field(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(baz_, message_->field(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(qux_, message_->field(3));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FindFieldByName) {
+  // All messages in the same DescriptorPool share a single lookup table for
+  // fields.  So, in addition to testing that FindFieldByName finds the fields
+  // of the message, we need to test that it does *not* find the fields of
+  // *other* messages.
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, message_->FindFieldByName("foo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_, message_->FindFieldByName("bar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(baz_, message_->FindFieldByName("baz"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(qux_, message_->FindFieldByName("qux"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindFieldByName("no_such_field") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindFieldByName("quux") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo2_, message2_->FindFieldByName("foo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar2_, message2_->FindFieldByName("bar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(quux2_, message2_->FindFieldByName("quux"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2_->FindFieldByName("baz") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2_->FindFieldByName("qux") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FindFieldByNumber) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, message_->FindFieldByNumber(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_, message_->FindFieldByNumber(6));
+  EXPECT_EQ(baz_, message_->FindFieldByNumber(500000000));
+  EXPECT_EQ(qux_, message_->FindFieldByNumber(15));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindFieldByNumber(837592) == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindFieldByNumber(2) == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo2_, message2_->FindFieldByNumber(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar2_, message2_->FindFieldByNumber(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(quux2_, message2_->FindFieldByNumber(6));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2_->FindFieldByNumber(15) == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2_->FindFieldByNumber(500000000) == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", foo_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", bar_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", baz_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("qux", qux_->name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldFullName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage.foo", foo_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage.bar", bar_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage.baz", baz_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage.qux", qux_->full_name());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestMessage2.foo", foo2_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestMessage2.bar", bar2_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestMessage2.quux", quux2_->full_name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, PrintableNameIsFullNameForNonExtensionFields) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage.foo", foo_->PrintableNameForExtension());
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage.bar", bar_->PrintableNameForExtension());
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage.baz", baz_->PrintableNameForExtension());
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage.qux", qux_->PrintableNameForExtension());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestMessage2.foo",
+            foo2_->PrintableNameForExtension());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestMessage2.bar",
+            bar2_->PrintableNameForExtension());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestMessage2.quux",
+            quux2_->PrintableNameForExtension());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, PrintableNameIsFullNameForNonMessageSetExtension) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("protobuf_unittest.Aggregate.nested",
+            protobuf_unittest::Aggregate::descriptor()
+                ->FindExtensionByName("nested")
+                ->PrintableNameForExtension());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, PrintableNameIsExtendingTypeForMessageSetExtension) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("protobuf_unittest.AggregateMessageSetElement",
+            protobuf_unittest::AggregateMessageSetElement::descriptor()
+                ->FindExtensionByName("message_set_extension")
+                ->PrintableNameForExtension());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldJsonName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("fieldName1", message4_->field(0)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("fieldName2", message4_->field(1)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FieldName3", message4_->field(2)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FieldName4", message4_->field(3)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FIELDNAME5", message4_->field(4)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("@type", message4_->field(5)->json_name());
+
+  DescriptorProto proto;
+  message4_->CopyTo(&proto);
+  ASSERT_EQ(6, proto.field_size());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(proto.field(0).has_json_name());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(proto.field(1).has_json_name());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(proto.field(2).has_json_name());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(proto.field(3).has_json_name());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(proto.field(4).has_json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("@type", proto.field(5).json_name());
+
+  proto.Clear();
+  CopyWithJsonName(message4_, &proto);
+  ASSERT_EQ(6, proto.field_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("fieldName1", proto.field(0).json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("fieldName2", proto.field(1).json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FieldName3", proto.field(2).json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FieldName4", proto.field(3).json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FIELDNAME5", proto.field(4).json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("@type", proto.field(5).json_name());
+
+  // Test generated descriptor.
+  const Descriptor* generated = protobuf_unittest::TestJsonName::descriptor();
+  ASSERT_EQ(6, generated->field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ("fieldName1", generated->field(0)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("fieldName2", generated->field(1)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FieldName3", generated->field(2)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FieldName4", generated->field(3)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FIELDNAME5", generated->field(4)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("@type", generated->field(5)->json_name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldFile) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_file_, foo_->file());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_file_, bar_->file());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_file_, baz_->file());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_file_, qux_->file());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_file_, foo2_->file());
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_file_, bar2_->file());
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_file_, quux2_->file());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldIndex) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, foo_->index());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, bar_->index());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, baz_->index());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, qux_->index());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldNumber) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, foo_->number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, bar_->number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(500000000, baz_->number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(15, qux_->number());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldType) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING, foo_->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM, bar_->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, baz_->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP, qux_->type());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldLabel) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REQUIRED, foo_->label());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL, bar_->label());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED, baz_->label());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL, qux_->label());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->is_required());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->is_optional());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->is_repeated());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(bar_->is_required());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bar_->is_optional());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(bar_->is_repeated());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(baz_->is_required());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(baz_->is_optional());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(baz_->is_repeated());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, IsMap) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_->is_map());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(baz_->is_map());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_->message_type()->options().map_entry());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldHasDefault) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->has_default_value());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(bar_->has_default_value());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(baz_->has_default_value());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(qux_->has_default_value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldContainingType) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_, foo_->containing_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_, bar_->containing_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_, baz_->containing_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_, qux_->containing_type());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2_, foo2_->containing_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2_, bar2_->containing_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2_, quux2_->containing_type());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldMessageType) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->message_type() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bar_->message_type() == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(foreign_, baz_->message_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foreign_, qux_->message_type());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldEnumType) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->enum_type() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(baz_->enum_type() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(qux_->enum_type() == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_, bar_->enum_type());
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// Test simple flat messages and fields.
+class OneofDescriptorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // Build descriptors for the following definitions:
+    //
+    //   package garply;
+    //   message TestOneof {
+    //     optional int32 a = 1;
+    //     oneof foo {
+    //       string b = 2;
+    //       TestOneof c = 3;
+    //     }
+    //     oneof bar {
+    //       float d = 4;
+    //     }
+    //   }
+
+    FileDescriptorProto baz_file;
+    baz_file.set_name("baz.proto");
+    baz_file.set_package("garply");
+
+    DescriptorProto* oneof_message = AddMessage(&baz_file, "TestOneof");
+    oneof_message->add_oneof_decl()->set_name("foo");
+    oneof_message->add_oneof_decl()->set_name("bar");
+
+    AddField(oneof_message, "a", 1, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddField(oneof_message, "b", 2, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_STRING);
+    oneof_message->mutable_field(1)->set_oneof_index(0);
+    AddField(oneof_message, "c", 3, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_MESSAGE);
+    oneof_message->mutable_field(2)->set_oneof_index(0);
+    oneof_message->mutable_field(2)->set_type_name("TestOneof");
+
+    AddField(oneof_message, "d", 4, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_FLOAT);
+    oneof_message->mutable_field(3)->set_oneof_index(1);
+
+    // Build the descriptors and get the pointers.
+    baz_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(baz_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(baz_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, baz_file_->message_type_count());
+    oneof_message_ = baz_file_->message_type(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, oneof_message_->oneof_decl_count());
+    oneof_ = oneof_message_->oneof_decl(0);
+    oneof2_ = oneof_message_->oneof_decl(1);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(4, oneof_message_->field_count());
+    a_ = oneof_message_->field(0);
+    b_ = oneof_message_->field(1);
+    c_ = oneof_message_->field(2);
+    d_ = oneof_message_->field(3);
+  }
+
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* baz_file_;
+
+  const Descriptor* oneof_message_;
+
+  const OneofDescriptor* oneof_;
+  const OneofDescriptor* oneof2_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* a_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* b_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* c_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* d_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(OneofDescriptorTest, Normal) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", oneof_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("garply.TestOneof.foo", oneof_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, oneof_->index());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, oneof_->field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(b_, oneof_->field(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(c_, oneof_->field(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a_->containing_oneof() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(oneof_, b_->containing_oneof());
+  EXPECT_EQ(oneof_, c_->containing_oneof());
+}
+
+TEST_F(OneofDescriptorTest, FindByName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(oneof_, oneof_message_->FindOneofByName("foo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(oneof2_, oneof_message_->FindOneofByName("bar"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(oneof_message_->FindOneofByName("no_such_oneof") == nullptr);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class StylizedFieldNamesTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() {
+    FileDescriptorProto file;
+    file.set_name("foo.proto");
+
+    AddExtensionRange(AddMessage(&file, "ExtendableMessage"), 1, 1000);
+
+    DescriptorProto* message = AddMessage(&file, "TestMessage");
+    AddField(message, "foo_foo", 1, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddField(message, "FooBar", 2, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddField(message, "fooBaz", 3, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddField(message, "fooFoo", 4,  // Camel-case conflict with foo_foo.
+             FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddField(message, "foobar", 5,  // Lower-case conflict with FooBar.
+             FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+             FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+
+    AddNestedExtension(message, "ExtendableMessage", "bar_foo", 1,
+                       FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+                       FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddNestedExtension(message, "ExtendableMessage", "BarBar", 2,
+                       FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+                       FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddNestedExtension(message, "ExtendableMessage", "BarBaz", 3,
+                       FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+                       FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddNestedExtension(message, "ExtendableMessage", "barFoo", 4,  // Conflict
+                       FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+                       FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddNestedExtension(message, "ExtendableMessage", "barbar", 5,  // Conflict
+                       FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+                       FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+
+    AddExtension(&file, "ExtendableMessage", "baz_foo", 11,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddExtension(&file, "ExtendableMessage", "BazBar", 12,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddExtension(&file, "ExtendableMessage", "BazBaz", 13,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddExtension(&file, "ExtendableMessage", "bazFoo", 14,  // Conflict
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddExtension(&file, "ExtendableMessage", "bazbar", 15,  // Conflict
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+
+    file_ = pool_.BuildFile(file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(file_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, file_->message_type_count());
+    message_ = file_->message_type(1);
+    ASSERT_EQ("TestMessage", message_->name());
+    ASSERT_EQ(5, message_->field_count());
+    ASSERT_EQ(5, message_->extension_count());
+    ASSERT_EQ(5, file_->extension_count());
+  }
+
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+  const FileDescriptor* file_;
+  const Descriptor* message_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(StylizedFieldNamesTest, LowercaseName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo_foo", message_->field(0)->lowercase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foobar", message_->field(1)->lowercase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foobaz", message_->field(2)->lowercase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foofoo", message_->field(3)->lowercase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foobar", message_->field(4)->lowercase_name());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar_foo", message_->extension(0)->lowercase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("barbar", message_->extension(1)->lowercase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("barbaz", message_->extension(2)->lowercase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("barfoo", message_->extension(3)->lowercase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("barbar", message_->extension(4)->lowercase_name());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz_foo", file_->extension(0)->lowercase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bazbar", file_->extension(1)->lowercase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bazbaz", file_->extension(2)->lowercase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bazfoo", file_->extension(3)->lowercase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bazbar", file_->extension(4)->lowercase_name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(StylizedFieldNamesTest, CamelcaseName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("fooFoo", message_->field(0)->camelcase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("fooBar", message_->field(1)->camelcase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("fooBaz", message_->field(2)->camelcase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("fooFoo", message_->field(3)->camelcase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foobar", message_->field(4)->camelcase_name());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("barFoo", message_->extension(0)->camelcase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("barBar", message_->extension(1)->camelcase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("barBaz", message_->extension(2)->camelcase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("barFoo", message_->extension(3)->camelcase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("barbar", message_->extension(4)->camelcase_name());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("bazFoo", file_->extension(0)->camelcase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bazBar", file_->extension(1)->camelcase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bazBaz", file_->extension(2)->camelcase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bazFoo", file_->extension(3)->camelcase_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bazbar", file_->extension(4)->camelcase_name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(StylizedFieldNamesTest, FindByLowercaseName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_->field(0), message_->FindFieldByLowercaseName("foo_foo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_->field(1), message_->FindFieldByLowercaseName("foobar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_->field(2), message_->FindFieldByLowercaseName("foobaz"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindFieldByLowercaseName("FooBar") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindFieldByLowercaseName("fooBaz") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindFieldByLowercaseName("bar_foo") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindFieldByLowercaseName("nosuchfield") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_->extension(0),
+            message_->FindExtensionByLowercaseName("bar_foo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_->extension(1),
+            message_->FindExtensionByLowercaseName("barbar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_->extension(2),
+            message_->FindExtensionByLowercaseName("barbaz"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindExtensionByLowercaseName("BarBar") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindExtensionByLowercaseName("barBaz") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindExtensionByLowercaseName("foo_foo") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindExtensionByLowercaseName("nosuchfield") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(file_->extension(0),
+            file_->FindExtensionByLowercaseName("baz_foo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(file_->extension(1), file_->FindExtensionByLowercaseName("bazbar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(file_->extension(2), file_->FindExtensionByLowercaseName("bazbaz"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_->FindExtensionByLowercaseName("BazBar") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_->FindExtensionByLowercaseName("bazBaz") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_->FindExtensionByLowercaseName("nosuchfield") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(StylizedFieldNamesTest, FindByCamelcaseName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_->field(0), message_->FindFieldByCamelcaseName("fooFoo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_->field(1), message_->FindFieldByCamelcaseName("fooBar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_->field(2), message_->FindFieldByCamelcaseName("fooBaz"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindFieldByCamelcaseName("foo_foo") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindFieldByCamelcaseName("FooBar") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindFieldByCamelcaseName("barFoo") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindFieldByCamelcaseName("nosuchfield") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_->extension(0),
+            message_->FindExtensionByCamelcaseName("barFoo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_->extension(1),
+            message_->FindExtensionByCamelcaseName("barBar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_->extension(2),
+            message_->FindExtensionByCamelcaseName("barBaz"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindExtensionByCamelcaseName("bar_foo") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindExtensionByCamelcaseName("BarBar") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindExtensionByCamelcaseName("fooFoo") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindExtensionByCamelcaseName("nosuchfield") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(file_->extension(0), file_->FindExtensionByCamelcaseName("bazFoo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(file_->extension(1), file_->FindExtensionByCamelcaseName("bazBar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(file_->extension(2), file_->FindExtensionByCamelcaseName("bazBaz"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_->FindExtensionByCamelcaseName("baz_foo") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_->FindExtensionByCamelcaseName("BazBar") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file_->FindExtensionByCamelcaseName("nosuchfield") == nullptr);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// Test enum descriptors.
+class EnumDescriptorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // Build descriptors for the following definitions:
+    //
+    //   // in "foo.proto"
+    //   enum TestEnum {
+    //     FOO = 1;
+    //     BAR = 2;
+    //   }
+    //
+    //   // in "bar.proto"
+    //   package corge.grault;
+    //   enum TestEnum2 {
+    //     FOO = 1;
+    //     BAZ = 3;
+    //   }
+    //
+    // TestEnum2 is primarily here to test FindValueByName and friends.
+    // All enums created from the same DescriptorPool share the same lookup
+    // table, so we need to insure that they don't interfere.
+
+    // TestEnum
+    FileDescriptorProto foo_file;
+    foo_file.set_name("foo.proto");
+
+    EnumDescriptorProto* enum_proto = AddEnum(&foo_file, "TestEnum");
+    AddEnumValue(enum_proto, "FOO", 1);
+    AddEnumValue(enum_proto, "BAR", 2);
+
+    // TestEnum2
+    FileDescriptorProto bar_file;
+    bar_file.set_name("bar.proto");
+    bar_file.set_package("corge.grault");
+
+    EnumDescriptorProto* enum2_proto = AddEnum(&bar_file, "TestEnum2");
+    AddEnumValue(enum2_proto, "FOO", 1);
+    AddEnumValue(enum2_proto, "BAZ", 3);
+
+    // Build the descriptors and get the pointers.
+    foo_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(foo_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(foo_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    bar_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(bar_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(bar_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, foo_file_->enum_type_count());
+    enum_ = foo_file_->enum_type(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, enum_->value_count());
+    foo_ = enum_->value(0);
+    bar_ = enum_->value(1);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, bar_file_->enum_type_count());
+    enum2_ = bar_file_->enum_type(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, enum2_->value_count());
+    foo2_ = enum2_->value(0);
+    baz2_ = enum2_->value(1);
+  }
+
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* foo_file_;
+  const FileDescriptor* bar_file_;
+
+  const EnumDescriptor* enum_;
+  const EnumDescriptor* enum2_;
+
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* foo_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* bar_;
+
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* foo2_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* baz2_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(EnumDescriptorTest, Name) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestEnum", enum_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestEnum", enum_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_file_, enum_->file());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestEnum2", enum2_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestEnum2", enum2_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_file_, enum2_->file());
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnumDescriptorTest, ContainingType) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(enum_->containing_type() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(enum2_->containing_type() == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnumDescriptorTest, ValuesByIndex) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, enum_->value_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, enum_->value(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_, enum_->value(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnumDescriptorTest, FindValueByName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, enum_->FindValueByName("FOO"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_, enum_->FindValueByName("BAR"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo2_, enum2_->FindValueByName("FOO"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(baz2_, enum2_->FindValueByName("BAZ"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(enum_->FindValueByName("NO_SUCH_VALUE") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(enum_->FindValueByName("BAZ") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(enum2_->FindValueByName("BAR") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnumDescriptorTest, FindValueByNumber) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, enum_->FindValueByNumber(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_, enum_->FindValueByNumber(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo2_, enum2_->FindValueByNumber(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(baz2_, enum2_->FindValueByNumber(3));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(enum_->FindValueByNumber(416) == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(enum_->FindValueByNumber(3) == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(enum2_->FindValueByNumber(2) == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnumDescriptorTest, ValueName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("FOO", foo_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("BAR", bar_->name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnumDescriptorTest, ValueFullName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("FOO", foo_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("BAR", bar_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.FOO", foo2_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.BAZ", baz2_->full_name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnumDescriptorTest, ValueIndex) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, foo_->index());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, bar_->index());
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnumDescriptorTest, ValueNumber) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, foo_->number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, bar_->number());
+}
+
+TEST_F(EnumDescriptorTest, ValueType) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_, foo_->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_, bar_->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum2_, foo2_->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum2_, baz2_->type());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// Test service descriptors.
+class ServiceDescriptorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // Build descriptors for the following messages and service:
+    //    // in "foo.proto"
+    //    message FooRequest  {}
+    //    message FooResponse {}
+    //    message BarRequest  {}
+    //    message BarResponse {}
+    //    message BazRequest  {}
+    //    message BazResponse {}
+    //
+    //    service TestService {
+    //      rpc Foo(FooRequest) returns (FooResponse);
+    //      rpc Bar(BarRequest) returns (BarResponse);
+    //    }
+    //
+    //    // in "bar.proto"
+    //    package corge.grault
+    //    service TestService2 {
+    //      rpc Foo(FooRequest) returns (FooResponse);
+    //      rpc Baz(BazRequest) returns (BazResponse);
+    //    }
+
+    FileDescriptorProto foo_file;
+    foo_file.set_name("foo.proto");
+
+    AddMessage(&foo_file, "FooRequest");
+    AddMessage(&foo_file, "FooResponse");
+    AddMessage(&foo_file, "BarRequest");
+    AddMessage(&foo_file, "BarResponse");
+    AddMessage(&foo_file, "BazRequest");
+    AddMessage(&foo_file, "BazResponse");
+
+    ServiceDescriptorProto* service = AddService(&foo_file, "TestService");
+    AddMethod(service, "Foo", "FooRequest", "FooResponse");
+    AddMethod(service, "Bar", "BarRequest", "BarResponse");
+
+    FileDescriptorProto bar_file;
+    bar_file.set_name("bar.proto");
+    bar_file.set_package("corge.grault");
+    bar_file.add_dependency("foo.proto");
+
+    ServiceDescriptorProto* service2 = AddService(&bar_file, "TestService2");
+    AddMethod(service2, "Foo", "FooRequest", "FooResponse");
+    AddMethod(service2, "Baz", "BazRequest", "BazResponse");
+
+    // Build the descriptors and get the pointers.
+    foo_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(foo_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(foo_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    bar_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(bar_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(bar_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(6, foo_file_->message_type_count());
+    foo_request_ = foo_file_->message_type(0);
+    foo_response_ = foo_file_->message_type(1);
+    bar_request_ = foo_file_->message_type(2);
+    bar_response_ = foo_file_->message_type(3);
+    baz_request_ = foo_file_->message_type(4);
+    baz_response_ = foo_file_->message_type(5);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, foo_file_->service_count());
+    service_ = foo_file_->service(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, service_->method_count());
+    foo_ = service_->method(0);
+    bar_ = service_->method(1);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, bar_file_->service_count());
+    service2_ = bar_file_->service(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, service2_->method_count());
+    foo2_ = service2_->method(0);
+    baz2_ = service2_->method(1);
+  }
+
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* foo_file_;
+  const FileDescriptor* bar_file_;
+
+  const Descriptor* foo_request_;
+  const Descriptor* foo_response_;
+  const Descriptor* bar_request_;
+  const Descriptor* bar_response_;
+  const Descriptor* baz_request_;
+  const Descriptor* baz_response_;
+
+  const ServiceDescriptor* service_;
+  const ServiceDescriptor* service2_;
+
+  const MethodDescriptor* foo_;
+  const MethodDescriptor* bar_;
+
+  const MethodDescriptor* foo2_;
+  const MethodDescriptor* baz2_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(ServiceDescriptorTest, Name) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestService", service_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestService", service_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_file_, service_->file());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestService2", service2_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestService2", service2_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_file_, service2_->file());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ServiceDescriptorTest, MethodsByIndex) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, service_->method_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, service_->method(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_, service_->method(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ServiceDescriptorTest, FindMethodByName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, service_->FindMethodByName("Foo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_, service_->FindMethodByName("Bar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo2_, service2_->FindMethodByName("Foo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(baz2_, service2_->FindMethodByName("Baz"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(service_->FindMethodByName("NoSuchMethod") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(service_->FindMethodByName("Baz") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(service2_->FindMethodByName("Bar") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ServiceDescriptorTest, MethodName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("Foo", foo_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Bar", bar_->name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ServiceDescriptorTest, MethodFullName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestService.Foo", foo_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestService.Bar", bar_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestService2.Foo", foo2_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestService2.Baz", baz2_->full_name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ServiceDescriptorTest, MethodIndex) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, foo_->index());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, bar_->index());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ServiceDescriptorTest, MethodParent) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(service_, foo_->service());
+  EXPECT_EQ(service_, bar_->service());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ServiceDescriptorTest, MethodInputType) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_request_, foo_->input_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_request_, bar_->input_type());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ServiceDescriptorTest, MethodOutputType) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_response_, foo_->output_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_response_, bar_->output_type());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// Test nested types.
+class NestedDescriptorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // Build descriptors for the following definitions:
+    //
+    //   // in "foo.proto"
+    //   message TestMessage {
+    //     message Foo {}
+    //     message Bar {}
+    //     enum Baz { A = 1; }
+    //     enum Qux { B = 1; }
+    //   }
+    //
+    //   // in "bar.proto"
+    //   package corge.grault;
+    //   message TestMessage2 {
+    //     message Foo {}
+    //     message Baz {}
+    //     enum Qux  { A = 1; }
+    //     enum Quux { C = 1; }
+    //   }
+    //
+    // TestMessage2 is primarily here to test FindNestedTypeByName and friends.
+    // All messages created from the same DescriptorPool share the same lookup
+    // table, so we need to insure that they don't interfere.
+    //
+    // We add enum values to the enums in order to test searching for enum
+    // values across a message's scope.
+
+    FileDescriptorProto foo_file;
+    foo_file.set_name("foo.proto");
+
+    DescriptorProto* message = AddMessage(&foo_file, "TestMessage");
+    AddNestedMessage(message, "Foo");
+    AddNestedMessage(message, "Bar");
+    EnumDescriptorProto* baz = AddNestedEnum(message, "Baz");
+    AddEnumValue(baz, "A", 1);
+    EnumDescriptorProto* qux = AddNestedEnum(message, "Qux");
+    AddEnumValue(qux, "B", 1);
+
+    FileDescriptorProto bar_file;
+    bar_file.set_name("bar.proto");
+    bar_file.set_package("corge.grault");
+
+    DescriptorProto* message2 = AddMessage(&bar_file, "TestMessage2");
+    AddNestedMessage(message2, "Foo");
+    AddNestedMessage(message2, "Baz");
+    EnumDescriptorProto* qux2 = AddNestedEnum(message2, "Qux");
+    AddEnumValue(qux2, "A", 1);
+    EnumDescriptorProto* quux2 = AddNestedEnum(message2, "Quux");
+    AddEnumValue(quux2, "C", 1);
+
+    // Build the descriptors and get the pointers.
+    foo_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(foo_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(foo_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    bar_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(bar_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(bar_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, foo_file_->message_type_count());
+    message_ = foo_file_->message_type(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, message_->nested_type_count());
+    foo_ = message_->nested_type(0);
+    bar_ = message_->nested_type(1);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, message_->enum_type_count());
+    baz_ = message_->enum_type(0);
+    qux_ = message_->enum_type(1);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, baz_->value_count());
+    a_ = baz_->value(0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, qux_->value_count());
+    b_ = qux_->value(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, bar_file_->message_type_count());
+    message2_ = bar_file_->message_type(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, message2_->nested_type_count());
+    foo2_ = message2_->nested_type(0);
+    baz2_ = message2_->nested_type(1);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, message2_->enum_type_count());
+    qux2_ = message2_->enum_type(0);
+    quux2_ = message2_->enum_type(1);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, qux2_->value_count());
+    a2_ = qux2_->value(0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, quux2_->value_count());
+    c2_ = quux2_->value(0);
+  }
+
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* foo_file_;
+  const FileDescriptor* bar_file_;
+
+  const Descriptor* message_;
+  const Descriptor* message2_;
+
+  const Descriptor* foo_;
+  const Descriptor* bar_;
+  const EnumDescriptor* baz_;
+  const EnumDescriptor* qux_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* a_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* b_;
+
+  const Descriptor* foo2_;
+  const Descriptor* baz2_;
+  const EnumDescriptor* qux2_;
+  const EnumDescriptor* quux2_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* a2_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* c2_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(NestedDescriptorTest, MessageName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("Foo", foo_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Bar", bar_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Foo", foo2_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Baz", baz2_->name());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage.Foo", foo_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage.Bar", bar_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestMessage2.Foo", foo2_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestMessage2.Baz", baz2_->full_name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(NestedDescriptorTest, MessageContainingType) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_, foo_->containing_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_, bar_->containing_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2_, foo2_->containing_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2_, baz2_->containing_type());
+}
+
+TEST_F(NestedDescriptorTest, NestedMessagesByIndex) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message_->nested_type_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, message_->nested_type(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_, message_->nested_type(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(NestedDescriptorTest, FindFieldByNameDoesntFindNestedTypes) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindFieldByName("Foo") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindFieldByName("Qux") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindExtensionByName("Foo") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindExtensionByName("Qux") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(NestedDescriptorTest, FindNestedTypeByName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, message_->FindNestedTypeByName("Foo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_, message_->FindNestedTypeByName("Bar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo2_, message2_->FindNestedTypeByName("Foo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(baz2_, message2_->FindNestedTypeByName("Baz"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindNestedTypeByName("NoSuchType") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindNestedTypeByName("Baz") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2_->FindNestedTypeByName("Bar") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindNestedTypeByName("Qux") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(NestedDescriptorTest, EnumName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("Baz", baz_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Qux", qux_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Qux", qux2_->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Quux", quux2_->name());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage.Baz", baz_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("TestMessage.Qux", qux_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestMessage2.Qux", qux2_->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.grault.TestMessage2.Quux", quux2_->full_name());
+}
+
+TEST_F(NestedDescriptorTest, EnumContainingType) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_, baz_->containing_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_, qux_->containing_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2_, qux2_->containing_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2_, quux2_->containing_type());
+}
+
+TEST_F(NestedDescriptorTest, NestedEnumsByIndex) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message_->nested_type_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, message_->nested_type(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_, message_->nested_type(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(NestedDescriptorTest, FindEnumTypeByName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(baz_, message_->FindEnumTypeByName("Baz"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(qux_, message_->FindEnumTypeByName("Qux"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(qux2_, message2_->FindEnumTypeByName("Qux"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(quux2_, message2_->FindEnumTypeByName("Quux"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindEnumTypeByName("NoSuchType") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindEnumTypeByName("Quux") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2_->FindEnumTypeByName("Baz") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindEnumTypeByName("Foo") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(NestedDescriptorTest, FindEnumValueByName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(a_, message_->FindEnumValueByName("A"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(b_, message_->FindEnumValueByName("B"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a2_, message2_->FindEnumValueByName("A"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(c2_, message2_->FindEnumValueByName("C"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindEnumValueByName("NO_SUCH_VALUE") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindEnumValueByName("C") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2_->FindEnumValueByName("B") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_->FindEnumValueByName("Foo") == nullptr);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// Test extensions.
+class ExtensionDescriptorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // Build descriptors for the following definitions:
+    //
+    //   enum Baz {}
+    //   message Qux {}
+    //
+    //   message Foo {
+    //     extensions 10 to 19;
+    //     extensions 30 to 39;
+    //   }
+    //   extends Foo with optional int32 foo_int32 = 10;
+    //   extends Foo with repeated TestEnum foo_enum = 19;
+    //   message Bar {
+    //     extends Foo with optional Qux foo_message = 30;
+    //     // (using Qux as the group type)
+    //     extends Foo with repeated group foo_group = 39;
+    //   }
+
+    FileDescriptorProto foo_file;
+    foo_file.set_name("foo.proto");
+
+    AddEmptyEnum(&foo_file, "Baz");
+    AddMessage(&foo_file, "Qux");
+
+    DescriptorProto* foo = AddMessage(&foo_file, "Foo");
+    AddExtensionRange(foo, 10, 20);
+    AddExtensionRange(foo, 30, 40);
+
+    AddExtension(&foo_file, "Foo", "foo_int32", 10,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+    AddExtension(&foo_file, "Foo", "foo_enum", 19,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REPEATED,
+                 FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_ENUM)
+        ->set_type_name("Baz");
+
+    DescriptorProto* bar = AddMessage(&foo_file, "Bar");
+    AddNestedExtension(bar, "Foo", "foo_message", 30,
+                       FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+                       FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_MESSAGE)
+        ->set_type_name("Qux");
+    AddNestedExtension(bar, "Foo", "foo_group", 39,
+                       FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REPEATED,
+                       FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_GROUP)
+        ->set_type_name("Qux");
+
+    // Build the descriptors and get the pointers.
+    foo_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(foo_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(foo_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, foo_file_->enum_type_count());
+    baz_ = foo_file_->enum_type(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(3, foo_file_->message_type_count());
+    qux_ = foo_file_->message_type(0);
+    foo_ = foo_file_->message_type(1);
+    bar_ = foo_file_->message_type(2);
+  }
+
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* foo_file_;
+
+  const Descriptor* foo_;
+  const Descriptor* bar_;
+  const EnumDescriptor* baz_;
+  const Descriptor* qux_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(ExtensionDescriptorTest, ExtensionRanges) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, bar_->extension_range_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, foo_->extension_range_count());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, foo_->extension_range(0)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(30, foo_->extension_range(1)->start);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(20, foo_->extension_range(0)->end);
+  EXPECT_EQ(40, foo_->extension_range(1)->end);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExtensionDescriptorTest, Extensions) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, foo_->extension_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, foo_file_->extension_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, bar_->extension_count());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->extension(0)->is_extension());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->extension(1)->is_extension());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bar_->extension(0)->is_extension());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bar_->extension(1)->is_extension());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo_int32", foo_file_->extension(0)->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo_enum", foo_file_->extension(1)->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo_message", bar_->extension(0)->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo_group", bar_->extension(1)->name());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, foo_file_->extension(0)->number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(19, foo_file_->extension(1)->number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(30, bar_->extension(0)->number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(39, bar_->extension(1)->number());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32, foo_file_->extension(0)->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM, foo_file_->extension(1)->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, bar_->extension(0)->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP, bar_->extension(1)->type());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(baz_, foo_file_->extension(1)->enum_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(qux_, bar_->extension(0)->message_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(qux_, bar_->extension(1)->message_type());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL, foo_file_->extension(0)->label());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED, foo_file_->extension(1)->label());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL, bar_->extension(0)->label());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED, bar_->extension(1)->label());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, foo_file_->extension(0)->containing_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, foo_file_->extension(1)->containing_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, bar_->extension(0)->containing_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_, bar_->extension(1)->containing_type());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->extension(0)->extension_scope() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file_->extension(1)->extension_scope() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_, bar_->extension(0)->extension_scope());
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_, bar_->extension(1)->extension_scope());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExtensionDescriptorTest, IsExtensionNumber) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsExtensionNumber(9));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsExtensionNumber(10));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsExtensionNumber(19));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsExtensionNumber(20));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsExtensionNumber(29));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsExtensionNumber(30));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsExtensionNumber(39));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsExtensionNumber(40));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExtensionDescriptorTest, FindExtensionByName) {
+  // Note that FileDescriptor::FindExtensionByName() is tested by
+  // FileDescriptorTest.
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, bar_->extension_count());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_->extension(0), bar_->FindExtensionByName("foo_message"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_->extension(1), bar_->FindExtensionByName("foo_group"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bar_->FindExtensionByName("no_such_extension") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->FindExtensionByName("foo_int32") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->FindExtensionByName("foo_message") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExtensionDescriptorTest, FindExtensionByPrintableName) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.FindExtensionByPrintableName(foo_, "no_such_extension") ==
+              nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.FindExtensionByPrintableName(bar_, "no_such_extension") ==
+              nullptr);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(pool_.FindExtensionByPrintableName(foo_, "Bar.foo_message") ==
+               nullptr);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(pool_.FindExtensionByPrintableName(foo_, "Bar.foo_group") ==
+               nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.FindExtensionByPrintableName(bar_, "foo_message") ==
+              nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.FindExtensionByPrintableName(bar_, "foo_group") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_->FindExtensionByName("foo_message"),
+            pool_.FindExtensionByPrintableName(foo_, "Bar.foo_message"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_->FindExtensionByName("foo_group"),
+            pool_.FindExtensionByPrintableName(foo_, "Bar.foo_group"));
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(pool_.FindExtensionByPrintableName(foo_, "foo_int32") ==
+               nullptr);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(pool_.FindExtensionByPrintableName(foo_, "foo_enum") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.FindExtensionByPrintableName(bar_, "foo_int32") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.FindExtensionByPrintableName(bar_, "foo_enum") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_file_->FindExtensionByName("foo_int32"),
+            pool_.FindExtensionByPrintableName(foo_, "foo_int32"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo_file_->FindExtensionByName("foo_enum"),
+            pool_.FindExtensionByPrintableName(foo_, "foo_enum"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExtensionDescriptorTest, FindAllExtensions) {
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> extensions;
+  pool_.FindAllExtensions(foo_, &extensions);
+  ASSERT_EQ(4, extensions.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, extensions[0]->number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(19, extensions[1]->number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(30, extensions[2]->number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(39, extensions[3]->number());
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(ExtensionDescriptorTest, DuplicateFieldNumber) {
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  // Add "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto".
+  FileDescriptorProto::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+  // Add "foo.proto":
+  //   import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+  //   extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
+  //     optional int32 option1 = 1000;
+  //   }
+  file_proto.Clear();
+  file_proto.set_name("foo.proto");
+  file_proto.add_dependency("google/protobuf/descriptor.proto");
+  AddExtension(&file_proto, "google.protobuf.FieldOptions", "option1", 1000,
+               FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+               FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+  // Add "bar.proto":
+  //   import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+  //   extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
+  //     optional int32 option2 = 1000;
+  //   }
+  file_proto.Clear();
+  file_proto.set_name("bar.proto");
+  file_proto.add_dependency("google/protobuf/descriptor.proto");
+  AddExtension(&file_proto, "google.protobuf.FieldOptions", "option2", 1000,
+               FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+               FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+  // Currently we only generate a warning for conflicting extension numbers.
+  // TODO(xiaofeng): Change it to an error.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// Test reserved fields.
+class ReservedDescriptorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // Build descriptors for the following definitions:
+    //
+    //   message Foo {
+    //     reserved 2, 9 to 11, 15;
+    //     reserved "foo", "bar";
+    //   }
+
+    FileDescriptorProto foo_file;
+    foo_file.set_name("foo.proto");
+
+    DescriptorProto* foo = AddMessage(&foo_file, "Foo");
+    AddReservedRange(foo, 2, 3);
+    AddReservedRange(foo, 9, 12);
+    AddReservedRange(foo, 15, 16);
+
+    foo->add_reserved_name("foo");
+    foo->add_reserved_name("bar");
+
+    // Build the descriptors and get the pointers.
+    foo_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(foo_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(foo_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, foo_file_->message_type_count());
+    foo_ = foo_file_->message_type(0);
+  }
+
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+  const FileDescriptor* foo_file_;
+  const Descriptor* foo_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(ReservedDescriptorTest, ReservedRanges) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, foo_->reserved_range_count());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, foo_->reserved_range(0)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, foo_->reserved_range(0)->end);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(9, foo_->reserved_range(1)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, foo_->reserved_range(1)->end);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(15, foo_->reserved_range(2)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(16, foo_->reserved_range(2)->end);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ReservedDescriptorTest, IsReservedNumber) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(3));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(8));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(9));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(10));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(11));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(12));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(13));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(14));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(15));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(16));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ReservedDescriptorTest, ReservedNames) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, foo_->reserved_name_count());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", foo_->reserved_name(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", foo_->reserved_name(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ReservedDescriptorTest, IsReservedName) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedName("foo"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedName("bar"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedName("baz"));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// Test reserved enum fields.
+class ReservedEnumDescriptorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // Build descriptors for the following definitions:
+    //
+    //   enum Foo {
+    //     BAR = 1;
+    //     reserved 2, 9 to 11, 15;
+    //     reserved "foo", "bar";
+    //   }
+
+    FileDescriptorProto foo_file;
+    foo_file.set_name("foo.proto");
+
+    EnumDescriptorProto* foo = AddEnum(&foo_file, "Foo");
+    EnumDescriptorProto* edge1 = AddEnum(&foo_file, "Edge1");
+    EnumDescriptorProto* edge2 = AddEnum(&foo_file, "Edge2");
+
+    AddEnumValue(foo, "BAR", 4);
+    AddReservedRange(foo, -5, -3);
+    AddReservedRange(foo, -2, 1);
+    AddReservedRange(foo, 2, 3);
+    AddReservedRange(foo, 9, 12);
+    AddReservedRange(foo, 15, 16);
+
+    foo->add_reserved_name("foo");
+    foo->add_reserved_name("bar");
+
+    // Some additional edge cases that cover most or all of the range of enum
+    // values
+
+    // Note: We use INT_MAX as the maximum reserved range upper bound,
+    // inclusive.
+    AddEnumValue(edge1, "EDGE1", 1);
+    AddReservedRange(edge1, 10, INT_MAX);
+    AddEnumValue(edge2, "EDGE2", 15);
+    AddReservedRange(edge2, INT_MIN, 10);
+
+    // Build the descriptors and get the pointers.
+    foo_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(foo_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(foo_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(3, foo_file_->enum_type_count());
+    foo_ = foo_file_->enum_type(0);
+    edge1_ = foo_file_->enum_type(1);
+    edge2_ = foo_file_->enum_type(2);
+  }
+
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+  const FileDescriptor* foo_file_;
+  const EnumDescriptor* foo_;
+  const EnumDescriptor* edge1_;
+  const EnumDescriptor* edge2_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(ReservedEnumDescriptorTest, ReservedRanges) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(5, foo_->reserved_range_count());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(-5, foo_->reserved_range(0)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-3, foo_->reserved_range(0)->end);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(-2, foo_->reserved_range(1)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, foo_->reserved_range(1)->end);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, foo_->reserved_range(2)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, foo_->reserved_range(2)->end);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(9, foo_->reserved_range(3)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, foo_->reserved_range(3)->end);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(15, foo_->reserved_range(4)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(16, foo_->reserved_range(4)->end);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, edge1_->reserved_range_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, edge1_->reserved_range(0)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(INT_MAX, edge1_->reserved_range(0)->end);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, edge2_->reserved_range_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(INT_MIN, edge2_->reserved_range(0)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, edge2_->reserved_range(0)->end);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ReservedEnumDescriptorTest, IsReservedNumber) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(-5));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(-4));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(-3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(-2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(-1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(3));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(8));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(9));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(10));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(11));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(12));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(13));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(13));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(14));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(15));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(16));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(17));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(edge1_->IsReservedNumber(9));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(edge1_->IsReservedNumber(10));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(edge1_->IsReservedNumber(INT_MAX - 1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(edge1_->IsReservedNumber(INT_MAX));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(edge2_->IsReservedNumber(INT_MIN));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(edge2_->IsReservedNumber(9));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(edge2_->IsReservedNumber(10));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(edge2_->IsReservedNumber(11));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ReservedEnumDescriptorTest, ReservedNames) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, foo_->reserved_name_count());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", foo_->reserved_name(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", foo_->reserved_name(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ReservedEnumDescriptorTest, IsReservedName) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedName("foo"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_->IsReservedName("bar"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedName("baz"));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class MiscTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // Function which makes a field descriptor of the given type.
+  const FieldDescriptor* GetFieldDescriptorOfType(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+    FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+    file_proto.set_name("foo.proto");
+    AddEmptyEnum(&file_proto, "DummyEnum");
+
+    DescriptorProto* message = AddMessage(&file_proto, "TestMessage");
+    FieldDescriptorProto* field = AddField(
+        message, "foo", 1, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+        static_cast<FieldDescriptorProto::Type>(static_cast<int>(type)));
+
+    if (type == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE ||
+        type == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+      field->set_type_name("TestMessage");
+    } else if (type == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM) {
+      field->set_type_name("DummyEnum");
+    }
+
+    // Build the descriptors and get the pointers.
+    pool_.reset(new DescriptorPool());
+    const FileDescriptor* file = pool_->BuildFile(file_proto);
+
+    if (file != nullptr && file->message_type_count() == 1 &&
+        file->message_type(0)->field_count() == 1) {
+      return file->message_type(0)->field(0);
+    } else {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const char* GetTypeNameForFieldType(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = GetFieldDescriptorOfType(type);
+    return field != nullptr ? field->type_name() : "";
+  }
+
+  FieldDescriptor::CppType GetCppTypeForFieldType(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = GetFieldDescriptorOfType(type);
+    return field != nullptr ? field->cpp_type()
+                            : static_cast<FieldDescriptor::CppType>(0);
+  }
+
+  const char* GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = GetFieldDescriptorOfType(type);
+    return field != nullptr ? field->cpp_type_name() : "";
+  }
+
+  const Descriptor* GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(
+      FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = GetFieldDescriptorOfType(type);
+    return field != nullptr ? field->message_type() : nullptr;
+  }
+
+  const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(
+      FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = GetFieldDescriptorOfType(type);
+    return field != nullptr ? field->enum_type() : nullptr;
+  }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<DescriptorPool> pool_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(MiscTest, TypeNames) {
+  // Test that correct type names are returned.
+
+  typedef FieldDescriptor FD;  // avoid ugly line wrapping
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("double", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_DOUBLE));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("float", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FLOAT));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("int64", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_INT64));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("uint64", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_UINT64));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("int32", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_INT32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("fixed64", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FIXED64));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("fixed32", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FIXED32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("bool", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_BOOL));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("string", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_STRING));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("group", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_GROUP));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("message", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_MESSAGE));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("bytes", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_BYTES));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("uint32", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_UINT32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("enum", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_ENUM));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("sfixed32", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SFIXED32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("sfixed64", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SFIXED64));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("sint32", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SINT32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("sint64", GetTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SINT64));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MiscTest, StaticTypeNames) {
+  // Test that correct type names are returned.
+
+  typedef FieldDescriptor FD;  // avoid ugly line wrapping
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("double", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_DOUBLE));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("float", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_FLOAT));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("int64", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_INT64));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("uint64", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_UINT64));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("int32", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_INT32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("fixed64", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_FIXED64));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("fixed32", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_FIXED32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("bool", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_BOOL));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("string", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_STRING));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("group", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_GROUP));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("message", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_MESSAGE));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("bytes", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_BYTES));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("uint32", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_UINT32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("enum", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_ENUM));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("sfixed32", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_SFIXED32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("sfixed64", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_SFIXED64));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("sint32", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_SINT32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("sint64", FD::TypeName(FD::TYPE_SINT64));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MiscTest, CppTypes) {
+  // Test that CPP types are assigned correctly.
+
+  typedef FieldDescriptor FD;  // avoid ugly line wrapping
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_DOUBLE));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_FLOAT, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FLOAT));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_INT64, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_INT64));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_UINT64, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_UINT64));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_INT32, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_INT32));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_UINT64, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FIXED64));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_UINT32, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FIXED32));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_BOOL, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_BOOL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_STRING, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_STRING));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_GROUP));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_MESSAGE));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_STRING, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_BYTES));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_UINT32, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_UINT32));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_ENUM, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_ENUM));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_INT32, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SFIXED32));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_INT64, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SFIXED64));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_INT32, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SINT32));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FD::CPPTYPE_INT64, GetCppTypeForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SINT64));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MiscTest, CppTypeNames) {
+  // Test that correct CPP type names are returned.
+
+  typedef FieldDescriptor FD;  // avoid ugly line wrapping
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("double", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_DOUBLE));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("float", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FLOAT));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("int64", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_INT64));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("uint64", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_UINT64));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("int32", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_INT32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("uint64", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FIXED64));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("uint32", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FIXED32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("bool", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_BOOL));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("string", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_STRING));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("message", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_GROUP));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("message", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_MESSAGE));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("string", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_BYTES));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("uint32", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_UINT32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("enum", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_ENUM));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("int32", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SFIXED32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("int64", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SFIXED64));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("int32", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SINT32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("int64", GetCppTypeNameForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SINT64));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MiscTest, StaticCppTypeNames) {
+  // Test that correct CPP type names are returned.
+
+  typedef FieldDescriptor FD;  // avoid ugly line wrapping
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("int32", FD::CppTypeName(FD::CPPTYPE_INT32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("int64", FD::CppTypeName(FD::CPPTYPE_INT64));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("uint32", FD::CppTypeName(FD::CPPTYPE_UINT32));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("uint64", FD::CppTypeName(FD::CPPTYPE_UINT64));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("double", FD::CppTypeName(FD::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("float", FD::CppTypeName(FD::CPPTYPE_FLOAT));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("bool", FD::CppTypeName(FD::CPPTYPE_BOOL));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("enum", FD::CppTypeName(FD::CPPTYPE_ENUM));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("string", FD::CppTypeName(FD::CPPTYPE_STRING));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("message", FD::CppTypeName(FD::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MiscTest, MessageType) {
+  // Test that message_type() is nullptr for non-aggregate fields
+
+  typedef FieldDescriptor FD;  // avoid ugly line wrapping
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_DOUBLE));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FLOAT));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_INT64));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_UINT64));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_INT32));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FIXED64));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FIXED32));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_BOOL));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_STRING));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr != GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_GROUP));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr != GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_MESSAGE));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_BYTES));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_UINT32));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_ENUM));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SFIXED32));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SFIXED64));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SINT32));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetMessageDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SINT64));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MiscTest, EnumType) {
+  // Test that enum_type() is nullptr for non-enum fields
+
+  typedef FieldDescriptor FD;  // avoid ugly line wrapping
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_DOUBLE));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FLOAT));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_INT64));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_UINT64));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_INT32));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FIXED64));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_FIXED32));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_BOOL));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_STRING));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_GROUP));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_MESSAGE));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_BYTES));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_UINT32));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr != GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_ENUM));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SFIXED32));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SFIXED64));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SINT32));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nullptr == GetEnumDescriptorForFieldType(FD::TYPE_SINT64));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MiscTest, DefaultValues) {
+  // Test that setting default values works.
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  file_proto.set_name("foo.proto");
+
+  EnumDescriptorProto* enum_type_proto = AddEnum(&file_proto, "DummyEnum");
+  AddEnumValue(enum_type_proto, "A", 1);
+  AddEnumValue(enum_type_proto, "B", 2);
+
+  DescriptorProto* message_proto = AddMessage(&file_proto, "TestMessage");
+
+  typedef FieldDescriptorProto FD;  // avoid ugly line wrapping
+  const FD::Label label = FD::LABEL_OPTIONAL;
+
+  // Create fields of every CPP type with default values.
+  AddField(message_proto, "int32", 1, label, FD::TYPE_INT32)
+      ->set_default_value("-1");
+  AddField(message_proto, "int64", 2, label, FD::TYPE_INT64)
+      ->set_default_value("-1000000000000");
+  AddField(message_proto, "uint32", 3, label, FD::TYPE_UINT32)
+      ->set_default_value("42");
+  AddField(message_proto, "uint64", 4, label, FD::TYPE_UINT64)
+      ->set_default_value("2000000000000");
+  AddField(message_proto, "float", 5, label, FD::TYPE_FLOAT)
+      ->set_default_value("4.5");
+  AddField(message_proto, "double", 6, label, FD::TYPE_DOUBLE)
+      ->set_default_value("10e100");
+  AddField(message_proto, "bool", 7, label, FD::TYPE_BOOL)
+      ->set_default_value("true");
+  AddField(message_proto, "string", 8, label, FD::TYPE_STRING)
+      ->set_default_value("hello");
+  AddField(message_proto, "data", 9, label, FD::TYPE_BYTES)
+      ->set_default_value("\\001\\002\\003");
+
+  FieldDescriptorProto* enum_field =
+      AddField(message_proto, "enum", 10, label, FD::TYPE_ENUM);
+  enum_field->set_type_name("DummyEnum");
+  enum_field->set_default_value("B");
+
+  // Strings are allowed to have empty defaults.  (At one point, due to
+  // a bug, empty defaults for strings were rejected.  Oops.)
+  AddField(message_proto, "empty_string", 11, label, FD::TYPE_STRING)
+      ->set_default_value("");
+
+  // Add a second set of fields with implicit defalut values.
+  AddField(message_proto, "implicit_int32", 21, label, FD::TYPE_INT32);
+  AddField(message_proto, "implicit_int64", 22, label, FD::TYPE_INT64);
+  AddField(message_proto, "implicit_uint32", 23, label, FD::TYPE_UINT32);
+  AddField(message_proto, "implicit_uint64", 24, label, FD::TYPE_UINT64);
+  AddField(message_proto, "implicit_float", 25, label, FD::TYPE_FLOAT);
+  AddField(message_proto, "implicit_double", 26, label, FD::TYPE_DOUBLE);
+  AddField(message_proto, "implicit_bool", 27, label, FD::TYPE_BOOL);
+  AddField(message_proto, "implicit_string", 28, label, FD::TYPE_STRING);
+  AddField(message_proto, "implicit_data", 29, label, FD::TYPE_BYTES);
+  AddField(message_proto, "implicit_enum", 30, label, FD::TYPE_ENUM)
+      ->set_type_name("DummyEnum");
+
+  // Build it.
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool.BuildFile(file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, file->enum_type_count());
+  const EnumDescriptor* enum_type = file->enum_type(0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, enum_type->value_count());
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value_a = enum_type->value(0);
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value_b = enum_type->value(1);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, file->message_type_count());
+  const Descriptor* message = file->message_type(0);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(21, message->field_count());
+
+  // Check the default values.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message->field(0)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message->field(1)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message->field(2)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message->field(3)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message->field(4)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message->field(5)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message->field(6)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message->field(7)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message->field(8)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message->field(9)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message->field(10)->has_default_value());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, message->field(0)->default_value_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(-PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(1000000000000),
+            message->field(1)->default_value_int64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, message->field(2)->default_value_uint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(2000000000000),
+            message->field(3)->default_value_uint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4.5, message->field(4)->default_value_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10e100, message->field(5)->default_value_double());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message->field(6)->default_value_bool());
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", message->field(7)->default_value_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("\001\002\003", message->field(8)->default_value_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value_b, message->field(9)->default_value_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message->field(10)->default_value_string());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(message->field(11)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(message->field(12)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(message->field(13)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(message->field(14)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(message->field(15)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(message->field(16)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(message->field(17)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(message->field(18)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(message->field(19)->has_default_value());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(message->field(20)->has_default_value());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message->field(11)->default_value_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message->field(12)->default_value_int64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message->field(13)->default_value_uint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message->field(14)->default_value_uint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, message->field(15)->default_value_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0.0, message->field(16)->default_value_double());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message->field(17)->default_value_bool());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message->field(18)->default_value_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message->field(19)->default_value_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value_a, message->field(20)->default_value_enum());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MiscTest, FieldOptions) {
+  // Try setting field options.
+
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  file_proto.set_name("foo.proto");
+
+  DescriptorProto* message_proto = AddMessage(&file_proto, "TestMessage");
+  AddField(message_proto, "foo", 1, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+           FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+  FieldDescriptorProto* bar_proto =
+      AddField(message_proto, "bar", 2, FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+               FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+
+  FieldOptions* options = bar_proto->mutable_options();
+  options->set_ctype(FieldOptions::CORD);
+
+  // Build the descriptors and get the pointers.
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool.BuildFile(file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, file->message_type_count());
+  const Descriptor* message = file->message_type(0);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message->field_count());
+  const FieldDescriptor* foo = message->field(0);
+  const FieldDescriptor* bar = message->field(1);
+
+  // "foo" had no options set, so it should return the default options.
+  EXPECT_EQ(&FieldOptions::default_instance(), &foo->options());
+
+  // "bar" had options set.
+  EXPECT_NE(&FieldOptions::default_instance(), options);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bar->options().has_ctype());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldOptions::CORD, bar->options().ctype());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+enum DescriptorPoolMode { NO_DATABASE, FALLBACK_DATABASE };
+
+class AllowUnknownDependenciesTest
+    : public testing::TestWithParam<DescriptorPoolMode> {
+ protected:
+  DescriptorPoolMode mode() { return GetParam(); }
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    FileDescriptorProto foo_proto, bar_proto;
+
+    switch (mode()) {
+      case NO_DATABASE:
+        pool_.reset(new DescriptorPool);
+        break;
+      case FALLBACK_DATABASE:
+        pool_.reset(new DescriptorPool(&db_));
+        break;
+    }
+
+    pool_->AllowUnknownDependencies();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(
+        "name: 'foo.proto'"
+        "dependency: 'bar.proto'"
+        "dependency: 'baz.proto'"
+        "message_type {"
+        "  name: 'Foo'"
+        "  field { name:'bar' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:'Bar' }"
+        "  field { name:'baz' number:2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:'Baz' }"
+        "  field { name:'qux' number:3 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL"
+        "    type_name: '.corge.Qux'"
+        "    type: TYPE_ENUM"
+        "    options {"
+        "      uninterpreted_option {"
+        "        name {"
+        "          name_part: 'grault'"
+        "          is_extension: true"
+        "        }"
+        "        positive_int_value: 1234"
+        "      }"
+        "    }"
+        "  }"
+        "}",
+        &foo_proto));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(
+        TextFormat::ParseFromString("name: 'bar.proto'"
+                                    "message_type { name: 'Bar' }",
+                                    &bar_proto));
+
+    // Collect pointers to stuff.
+    bar_file_ = BuildFile(bar_proto);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(bar_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, bar_file_->message_type_count());
+    bar_type_ = bar_file_->message_type(0);
+
+    foo_file_ = BuildFile(foo_proto);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(foo_file_ != nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, foo_file_->message_type_count());
+    foo_type_ = foo_file_->message_type(0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(3, foo_type_->field_count());
+    bar_field_ = foo_type_->field(0);
+    baz_field_ = foo_type_->field(1);
+    qux_field_ = foo_type_->field(2);
+  }
+
+  const FileDescriptor* BuildFile(const FileDescriptorProto& proto) {
+    switch (mode()) {
+      case NO_DATABASE:
+        return pool_->BuildFile(proto);
+        break;
+      case FALLBACK_DATABASE: {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(db_.Add(proto));
+        return pool_->FindFileByName(proto.name());
+      }
+    }
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  const FileDescriptor* bar_file_;
+  const Descriptor* bar_type_;
+  const FileDescriptor* foo_file_;
+  const Descriptor* foo_type_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* bar_field_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* baz_field_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* qux_field_;
+
+  SimpleDescriptorDatabase db_;  // used if in FALLBACK_DATABASE mode.
+  std::unique_ptr<DescriptorPool> pool_;
+};
+
+TEST_P(AllowUnknownDependenciesTest, PlaceholderFile) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, foo_file_->dependency_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_file_, foo_file_->dependency(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(bar_file_->is_placeholder());
+
+  const FileDescriptor* baz_file = foo_file_->dependency(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz.proto", baz_file->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, baz_file->message_type_count());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(baz_file->is_placeholder());
+
+  // Placeholder files should not be findable.
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_file_, pool_->FindFileByName(bar_file_->name()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_->FindFileByName(baz_file->name()) == nullptr);
+
+  // Copy*To should not crash for placeholder files.
+  FileDescriptorProto baz_file_proto;
+  baz_file->CopyTo(&baz_file_proto);
+  baz_file->CopySourceCodeInfoTo(&baz_file_proto);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(baz_file_proto.has_source_code_info());
+}
+
+TEST_P(AllowUnknownDependenciesTest, PlaceholderTypes) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, bar_field_->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_type_, bar_field_->message_type());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(bar_type_->is_placeholder());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, baz_field_->type());
+  const Descriptor* baz_type = baz_field_->message_type();
+  EXPECT_EQ("Baz", baz_type->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Baz", baz_type->full_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, baz_type->extension_range_count());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(baz_type->is_placeholder());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM, qux_field_->type());
+  const EnumDescriptor* qux_type = qux_field_->enum_type();
+  EXPECT_EQ("Qux", qux_type->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("corge.Qux", qux_type->full_name());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(qux_type->is_placeholder());
+
+  // Placeholder types should not be findable.
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar_type_, pool_->FindMessageTypeByName(bar_type_->full_name()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_->FindMessageTypeByName(baz_type->full_name()) == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_->FindEnumTypeByName(qux_type->full_name()) == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_P(AllowUnknownDependenciesTest, CopyTo) {
+  // FieldDescriptor::CopyTo() should write non-fully-qualified type names
+  // for placeholder types which were not originally fully-qualified.
+  FieldDescriptorProto proto;
+
+  // Bar is not a placeholder, so it is fully-qualified.
+  bar_field_->CopyTo(&proto);
+  EXPECT_EQ(".Bar", proto.type_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_MESSAGE, proto.type());
+
+  // Baz is an unqualified placeholder.
+  proto.Clear();
+  baz_field_->CopyTo(&proto);
+  EXPECT_EQ("Baz", proto.type_name());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(proto.has_type());
+
+  // Qux is a fully-qualified placeholder.
+  proto.Clear();
+  qux_field_->CopyTo(&proto);
+  EXPECT_EQ(".corge.Qux", proto.type_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_ENUM, proto.type());
+}
+
+TEST_P(AllowUnknownDependenciesTest, CustomOptions) {
+  // Qux should still have the uninterpreted option attached.
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, qux_field_->options().uninterpreted_option_size());
+  const UninterpretedOption& option =
+      qux_field_->options().uninterpreted_option(0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, option.name_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("grault", option.name(0).name_part());
+}
+
+TEST_P(AllowUnknownDependenciesTest, UnknownExtendee) {
+  // Test that we can extend an unknown type.  This is slightly tricky because
+  // it means that the placeholder type must have an extension range.
+
+  FileDescriptorProto extension_proto;
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(
+      "name: 'extension.proto'"
+      "extension { extendee: 'UnknownType' name:'some_extension' number:123"
+      "            label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }",
+      &extension_proto));
+  const FileDescriptor* file = BuildFile(extension_proto);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, file->extension_count());
+  const Descriptor* extendee = file->extension(0)->containing_type();
+  EXPECT_EQ("UnknownType", extendee->name());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(extendee->is_placeholder());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, extendee->extension_range_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, extendee->extension_range(0)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::kMaxNumber + 1, extendee->extension_range(0)->end);
+}
+
+TEST_P(AllowUnknownDependenciesTest, CustomOption) {
+  // Test that we can use a custom option without having parsed
+  // descriptor.proto.
+
+  FileDescriptorProto option_proto;
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(
+      "name: \"unknown_custom_options.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { "
+      "  extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" "
+      "  name: \"some_option\" "
+      "  number: 123456 "
+      "  label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "  type: TYPE_INT32 "
+      "} "
+      "options { "
+      "  uninterpreted_option { "
+      "    name { "
+      "      name_part: \"some_option\" "
+      "      is_extension: true "
+      "    } "
+      "    positive_int_value: 1234 "
+      "  } "
+      "  uninterpreted_option { "
+      "    name { "
+      "      name_part: \"unknown_option\" "
+      "      is_extension: true "
+      "    } "
+      "    positive_int_value: 1234 "
+      "  } "
+      "  uninterpreted_option { "
+      "    name { "
+      "      name_part: \"optimize_for\" "
+      "      is_extension: false "
+      "    } "
+      "    identifier_value: \"SPEED\" "
+      "  } "
+      "}",
+      &option_proto));
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = BuildFile(option_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+
+  // Verify that no extension options were set, but they were left as
+  // uninterpreted_options.
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  file->options().GetReflection()->ListFields(file->options(), &fields);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, fields.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file->options().has_optimize_for());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, file->options().uninterpreted_option_size());
+}
+
+TEST_P(AllowUnknownDependenciesTest,
+       UndeclaredDependencyTriggersBuildOfDependency) {
+  // Crazy case: suppose foo.proto refers to a symbol without declaring the
+  // dependency that finds it. In the event that the pool is backed by a
+  // DescriptorDatabase, the pool will attempt to find the symbol in the
+  // database. If successful, it will build the undeclared dependency to verify
+  // that the file does indeed contain the symbol. If that file fails to build,
+  // then its descriptors must be rolled back. However, we still want foo.proto
+  // to build successfully, since we are allowing unknown dependencies.
+
+  FileDescriptorProto undeclared_dep_proto;
+  // We make this file fail to build by giving it two fields with tag 1.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(
+      "name: \"invalid_file_as_undeclared_dep.proto\" "
+      "package: \"undeclared\" "
+      "message_type: {  "
+      "  name: \"Quux\"  "
+      "  field { "
+      "    name:'qux' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type: TYPE_INT32 "
+      "  }"
+      "  field { "
+      "    name:'quux' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type: TYPE_INT64 "
+      "  }"
+      "}",
+      &undeclared_dep_proto));
+  // We can't use the BuildFile() helper because we don't actually want to build
+  // it into the descriptor pool in the fallback database case: it just needs to
+  // be sitting in the database so that it gets built during the building of
+  // test.proto below.
+  switch (mode()) {
+    case NO_DATABASE: {
+      ASSERT_TRUE(pool_->BuildFile(undeclared_dep_proto) == nullptr);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FALLBACK_DATABASE: {
+      ASSERT_TRUE(db_.Add(undeclared_dep_proto));
+    }
+  }
+
+  FileDescriptorProto test_proto;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(
+      "name: \"test.proto\" "
+      "message_type: { "
+      "  name: \"Corge\" "
+      "  field { "
+      "    name:'quux' number:1 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "    type_name:'undeclared.Quux' type: TYPE_MESSAGE "
+      "  }"
+      "}",
+      &test_proto));
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = BuildFile(test_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+  GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << file->DebugString();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, file->dependency_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, file->message_type_count());
+  const Descriptor* corge_desc = file->message_type(0);
+  ASSERT_EQ("Corge", corge_desc->name());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, corge_desc->field_count());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(corge_desc->is_placeholder());
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* quux_field = corge_desc->field(0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, quux_field->type());
+  ASSERT_EQ("Quux", quux_field->message_type()->name());
+  ASSERT_EQ("undeclared.Quux", quux_field->message_type()->full_name());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(quux_field->message_type()->is_placeholder());
+  // The place holder type should not be findable.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool_->FindMessageTypeByName("undeclared.Quux") == nullptr);
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DatabaseSource, AllowUnknownDependenciesTest,
+                         testing::Values(NO_DATABASE, FALLBACK_DATABASE));
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+TEST(CustomOptions, OptionLocations) {
+  const Descriptor* message =
+      protobuf_unittest::TestMessageWithCustomOptions::descriptor();
+  const FileDescriptor* file = message->file();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = message->FindFieldByName("field1");
+  const OneofDescriptor* oneof = message->FindOneofByName("AnOneof");
+  const EnumDescriptor* enm = message->FindEnumTypeByName("AnEnum");
+  // TODO(benjy): Support EnumValue options, once the compiler does.
+  const ServiceDescriptor* service =
+      file->FindServiceByName("TestServiceWithCustomOptions");
+  const MethodDescriptor* method = service->FindMethodByName("Foo");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(9876543210),
+            file->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::file_opt1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-56,
+            message->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::message_opt1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(8765432109),
+            field->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::field_opt1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(42,  // Check that we get the default for an option we don't set.
+            field->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::field_opt2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-99, oneof->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::oneof_opt1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-789, enm->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::enum_opt1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, enm->value(1)->options().GetExtension(
+                     protobuf_unittest::enum_value_opt1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(-9876543210),
+            service->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::service_opt1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::METHODOPT1_VAL2,
+            method->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::method_opt1));
+
+  // See that the regular options went through unscathed.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message->options().has_message_set_wire_format());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldOptions::CORD, field->options().ctype());
+}
+
+TEST(CustomOptions, OptionTypes) {
+  const MessageOptions* options = nullptr;
+
+  options =
+      &protobuf_unittest::CustomOptionMinIntegerValues::descriptor()->options();
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::bool_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kint32min, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::int32_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kint64min, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::int64_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::uint32_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::uint64_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kint32min, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::sint32_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kint64min, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::sint64_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::fixed32_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::fixed64_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kint32min, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::sfixed32_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kint64min, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::sfixed64_opt));
+
+  options =
+      &protobuf_unittest::CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues::descriptor()->options();
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::bool_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kint32max, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::int32_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kint64max, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::int64_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kuint32max, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::uint32_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kuint64max, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::uint64_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kint32max, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::sint32_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kint64max, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::sint64_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kuint32max, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::fixed32_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kuint64max, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::fixed64_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kint32max, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::sfixed32_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kint64max, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::sfixed64_opt));
+
+  options = &protobuf_unittest::CustomOptionOtherValues::descriptor()->options();
+  EXPECT_EQ(-100, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::int32_opt));
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(12.3456789,
+                  options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::float_opt));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.234567890123456789,
+                   options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::double_opt));
+  EXPECT_EQ("Hello, \"World\"",
+            options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::string_opt));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("Hello\0World", 11),
+            options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::bytes_opt));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::DummyMessageContainingEnum::TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE2,
+            options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::enum_opt));
+
+  options =
+      &protobuf_unittest::SettingRealsFromPositiveInts::descriptor()->options();
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(12, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::float_opt));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(154, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::double_opt));
+
+  options =
+      &protobuf_unittest::SettingRealsFromNegativeInts::descriptor()->options();
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(-12, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::float_opt));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(-154, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::double_opt));
+}
+
+TEST(CustomOptions, ComplexExtensionOptions) {
+  const MessageOptions* options =
+      &protobuf_unittest::VariousComplexOptions::descriptor()->options();
+  EXPECT_EQ(options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt1).foo(), 42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt1)
+                .GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::quux),
+            324);
+  EXPECT_EQ(options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt1)
+                .GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::corge)
+                .qux(),
+            876);
+  EXPECT_EQ(options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt2).baz(), 987);
+  EXPECT_EQ(options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt2)
+                .GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::grault),
+            654);
+  EXPECT_EQ(options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt2).bar().foo(),
+            743);
+  EXPECT_EQ(options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt2)
+                .bar()
+                .GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::quux),
+            1999);
+  EXPECT_EQ(options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt2)
+                .bar()
+                .GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::corge)
+                .qux(),
+            2008);
+  EXPECT_EQ(options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt2)
+                .GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::garply)
+                .foo(),
+            741);
+  EXPECT_EQ(options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt2)
+                .GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::garply)
+                .GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::quux),
+            1998);
+  EXPECT_EQ(options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt2)
+                .GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::garply)
+                .GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::corge)
+                .qux(),
+            2121);
+  EXPECT_EQ(options
+                ->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::ComplexOptionType2::
+                                   ComplexOptionType4::complex_opt4)
+                .waldo(),
+            1971);
+  EXPECT_EQ(options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt2).fred().waldo(),
+            321);
+  EXPECT_EQ(9, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt3).qux());
+  EXPECT_EQ(22, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt3)
+                    .complexoptiontype5()
+                    .plugh());
+  EXPECT_EQ(24, options->GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complexopt6).xyzzy());
+}
+
+TEST(CustomOptions, OptionsFromOtherFile) {
+  // Test that to use a custom option, we only need to import the file
+  // defining the option; we do not also have to import descriptor.proto.
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FileDescriptorProto::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMessageWithCustomOptions::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(
+      &file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(
+      "name: \"custom_options_import.proto\" "
+      "package: \"protobuf_unittest\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto\" "
+      "options { "
+      "  uninterpreted_option { "
+      "    name { "
+      "      name_part: \"file_opt1\" "
+      "      is_extension: true "
+      "    } "
+      "    positive_int_value: 1234 "
+      "  } "
+      // Test a non-extension option too.  (At one point this failed due to a
+      // bug.)
+      "  uninterpreted_option { "
+      "    name { "
+      "      name_part: \"java_package\" "
+      "      is_extension: false "
+      "    } "
+      "    string_value: \"foo\" "
+      "  } "
+      // Test that enum-typed options still work too.  (At one point this also
+      // failed due to a bug.)
+      "  uninterpreted_option { "
+      "    name { "
+      "      name_part: \"optimize_for\" "
+      "      is_extension: false "
+      "    } "
+      "    identifier_value: \"SPEED\" "
+      "  } "
+      "}",
+      &file_proto));
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool.BuildFile(file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, file->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::file_opt1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file->options().has_java_package());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", file->options().java_package());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file->options().has_optimize_for());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FileOptions::SPEED, file->options().optimize_for());
+}
+
+TEST(CustomOptions, MessageOptionThreeFieldsSet) {
+  // This tests a bug which previously existed in custom options parsing.  The
+  // bug occurred when you defined a custom option with message type and then
+  // set three fields of that option on a single definition (see the example
+  // below).  The bug is a bit hard to explain, so check the change history if
+  // you want to know more.
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FileDescriptorProto::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMessageWithCustomOptions::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(
+      &file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+
+  // The following represents the definition:
+  //
+  //   import "google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto"
+  //   package protobuf_unittest;
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     option (complex_opt1).foo  = 1234;
+  //     option (complex_opt1).foo2 = 1234;
+  //     option (complex_opt1).foo3 = 1234;
+  //   }
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(
+      "name: \"custom_options_import.proto\" "
+      "package: \"protobuf_unittest\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"Foo\" "
+      "  options { "
+      "    uninterpreted_option { "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"complex_opt1\" "
+      "        is_extension: true "
+      "      } "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "        is_extension: false "
+      "      } "
+      "      positive_int_value: 1234 "
+      "    } "
+      "    uninterpreted_option { "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"complex_opt1\" "
+      "        is_extension: true "
+      "      } "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"foo2\" "
+      "        is_extension: false "
+      "      } "
+      "      positive_int_value: 1234 "
+      "    } "
+      "    uninterpreted_option { "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"complex_opt1\" "
+      "        is_extension: true "
+      "      } "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"foo3\" "
+      "        is_extension: false "
+      "      } "
+      "      positive_int_value: 1234 "
+      "    } "
+      "  } "
+      "}",
+      &file_proto));
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool.BuildFile(file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, file->message_type_count());
+
+  const MessageOptions& options = file->message_type(0)->options();
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, options.GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt1).foo());
+}
+
+TEST(CustomOptions, MessageOptionRepeatedLeafFieldSet) {
+  // This test verifies that repeated fields in custom options can be
+  // given multiple values by repeating the option with a different value.
+  // This test checks repeated leaf values. Each repeated custom value
+  // appears in a different uninterpreted_option, which will be concatenated
+  // when they are merged into the final option value.
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FileDescriptorProto::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMessageWithCustomOptions::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(
+      &file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+
+  // The following represents the definition:
+  //
+  //   import "google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto"
+  //   package protobuf_unittest;
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     option (complex_opt1).foo4 = 12;
+  //     option (complex_opt1).foo4 = 34;
+  //     option (complex_opt1).foo4 = 56;
+  //   }
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(
+      "name: \"custom_options_import.proto\" "
+      "package: \"protobuf_unittest\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"Foo\" "
+      "  options { "
+      "    uninterpreted_option { "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"complex_opt1\" "
+      "        is_extension: true "
+      "      } "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"foo4\" "
+      "        is_extension: false "
+      "      } "
+      "      positive_int_value: 12 "
+      "    } "
+      "    uninterpreted_option { "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"complex_opt1\" "
+      "        is_extension: true "
+      "      } "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"foo4\" "
+      "        is_extension: false "
+      "      } "
+      "      positive_int_value: 34 "
+      "    } "
+      "    uninterpreted_option { "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"complex_opt1\" "
+      "        is_extension: true "
+      "      } "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"foo4\" "
+      "        is_extension: false "
+      "      } "
+      "      positive_int_value: 56 "
+      "    } "
+      "  } "
+      "}",
+      &file_proto));
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool.BuildFile(file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, file->message_type_count());
+
+  const MessageOptions& options = file->message_type(0)->options();
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, options.GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt1).foo4_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, options.GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt1).foo4(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(34, options.GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt1).foo4(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(56, options.GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt1).foo4(2));
+}
+
+TEST(CustomOptions, MessageOptionRepeatedMsgFieldSet) {
+  // This test verifies that repeated fields in custom options can be
+  // given multiple values by repeating the option with a different value.
+  // This test checks repeated message values. Each repeated custom value
+  // appears in a different uninterpreted_option, which will be concatenated
+  // when they are merged into the final option value.
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FileDescriptorProto::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMessageWithCustomOptions::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(
+      &file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+
+  // The following represents the definition:
+  //
+  //   import "google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto"
+  //   package protobuf_unittest;
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     option (complex_opt2).barney = {waldo: 1};
+  //     option (complex_opt2).barney = {waldo: 10};
+  //     option (complex_opt2).barney = {waldo: 100};
+  //   }
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(
+      "name: \"custom_options_import.proto\" "
+      "package: \"protobuf_unittest\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"Foo\" "
+      "  options { "
+      "    uninterpreted_option { "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"complex_opt2\" "
+      "        is_extension: true "
+      "      } "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"barney\" "
+      "        is_extension: false "
+      "      } "
+      "      aggregate_value: \"waldo: 1\" "
+      "    } "
+      "    uninterpreted_option { "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"complex_opt2\" "
+      "        is_extension: true "
+      "      } "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"barney\" "
+      "        is_extension: false "
+      "      } "
+      "      aggregate_value: \"waldo: 10\" "
+      "    } "
+      "    uninterpreted_option { "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"complex_opt2\" "
+      "        is_extension: true "
+      "      } "
+      "      name { "
+      "        name_part: \"barney\" "
+      "        is_extension: false "
+      "      } "
+      "      aggregate_value: \"waldo: 100\" "
+      "    } "
+      "  } "
+      "}",
+      &file_proto));
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool.BuildFile(file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, file->message_type_count());
+
+  const MessageOptions& options = file->message_type(0)->options();
+  EXPECT_EQ(3,
+            options.GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt2).barney_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      1, options.GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt2).barney(0).waldo());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      10,
+      options.GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt2).barney(1).waldo());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      100,
+      options.GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::complex_opt2).barney(2).waldo());
+}
+
+// Check that aggregate options were parsed and saved correctly in
+// the appropriate descriptors.
+TEST(CustomOptions, AggregateOptions) {
+  const Descriptor* msg = protobuf_unittest::AggregateMessage::descriptor();
+  const FileDescriptor* file = msg->file();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = msg->FindFieldByName("fieldname");
+  const EnumDescriptor* enumd = file->FindEnumTypeByName("AggregateEnum");
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* enumv = enumd->FindValueByName("VALUE");
+  const ServiceDescriptor* service =
+      file->FindServiceByName("AggregateService");
+  const MethodDescriptor* method = service->FindMethodByName("Method");
+
+  // Tests for the different types of data embedded in fileopt
+  const protobuf_unittest::Aggregate& file_options =
+      file->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::fileopt);
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, file_options.i());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FileAnnotation", file_options.s());
+  EXPECT_EQ("NestedFileAnnotation", file_options.sub().s());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FileExtensionAnnotation",
+            file_options.file().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::fileopt).s());
+  EXPECT_EQ("EmbeddedMessageSetElement",
+            file_options.mset()
+                .GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::AggregateMessageSetElement ::
+                                  message_set_extension)
+                .s());
+
+  // Simple tests for all the other types of annotations
+  EXPECT_EQ("MessageAnnotation",
+            msg->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::msgopt).s());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FieldAnnotation",
+            field->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::fieldopt).s());
+  EXPECT_EQ("EnumAnnotation",
+            enumd->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::enumopt).s());
+  EXPECT_EQ("EnumValueAnnotation",
+            enumv->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::enumvalopt).s());
+  EXPECT_EQ("ServiceAnnotation",
+            service->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::serviceopt).s());
+  EXPECT_EQ("MethodAnnotation",
+            method->options().GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::methodopt).s());
+}
+
+TEST(CustomOptions, UnusedImportWarning) {
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FileDescriptorProto::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMessageWithCustomOptions::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(
+      &file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+
+  pool.AddUnusedImportTrackFile("custom_options_import.proto");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(
+      "name: \"custom_options_import.proto\" "
+      "package: \"protobuf_unittest\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto\" ",
+      &file_proto));
+
+  MockErrorCollector error_collector;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.BuildFileCollectingErrors(file_proto, &error_collector));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "custom_options_import.proto: "
+      "google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto: IMPORT: Import "
+      "google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto is unused.\n",
+      error_collector.warning_text_);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", error_collector.text_);
+}
+
+// Verifies that proto files can correctly be parsed, even if the
+// custom options defined in the file are incompatible with those
+// compiled in the binary. See http://b/19276250.
+TEST(CustomOptions, OptionsWithIncompatibleDescriptors) {
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  MessageOptions::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+
+  // Create a new file descriptor proto containing a subset of the
+  // messages defined in google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto.
+  file_proto.Clear();
+  file_proto.set_name("unittest_custom_options.proto");
+  file_proto.set_package("protobuf_unittest");
+  file_proto.add_dependency("google/protobuf/descriptor.proto");
+
+  // Add the "required_enum_opt" extension.
+  FieldDescriptorProto* extension = file_proto.add_extension();
+  protobuf_unittest::OldOptionType::descriptor()
+      ->file()
+      ->FindExtensionByName("required_enum_opt")
+      ->CopyTo(extension);
+
+  // Add a test message that uses the "required_enum_opt" option.
+  DescriptorProto* test_message_type = file_proto.add_message_type();
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMessageWithRequiredEnumOption::descriptor()->CopyTo(
+      test_message_type);
+
+  // Instruct the extension to use NewOptionType instead of
+  // OldOptionType, and add the descriptor of NewOptionType.
+  extension->set_type_name(".protobuf_unittest.NewOptionType");
+  DescriptorProto* new_option_type = file_proto.add_message_type();
+  protobuf_unittest::NewOptionType::descriptor()->CopyTo(new_option_type);
+
+  // Replace the value of the "required_enum_opt" option used in the
+  // test message with an enum value that only exists in NewOptionType.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      TextFormat::ParseFromString("uninterpreted_option { "
+                                  "  name { "
+                                  "    name_part: 'required_enum_opt' "
+                                  "    is_extension: true "
+                                  "  } "
+                                  "  aggregate_value: 'value: NEW_VALUE'"
+                                  "}",
+                                  test_message_type->mutable_options()));
+
+  // Adding the file descriptor to the pool should fail.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) == nullptr);
+}
+
+// Test that FileDescriptor::DebugString() formats custom options correctly.
+TEST(CustomOptions, DebugString) {
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  MessageOptions::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+
+  // Add "foo.proto":
+  //   import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+  //   package "protobuf_unittest";
+  //   option (protobuf_unittest.cc_option1) = 1;
+  //   option (protobuf_unittest.cc_option2) = 2;
+  //   extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
+  //     optional int32 cc_option1 = 7736974;
+  //     optional int32 cc_option2 = 7736975;
+  //   }
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "package: \"protobuf_unittest\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "options { "
+      "  uninterpreted_option { "
+      "    name { "
+      "      name_part: \"protobuf_unittest.cc_option1\" "
+      "      is_extension: true "
+      "    } "
+      "    positive_int_value: 1 "
+      "  } "
+      "  uninterpreted_option { "
+      "    name { "
+      "      name_part: \"protobuf_unittest.cc_option2\" "
+      "      is_extension: true "
+      "    } "
+      "    positive_int_value: 2 "
+      "  } "
+      "} "
+      "extension { "
+      "  name: \"cc_option1\" "
+      "  extendee: \".google.protobuf.FileOptions\" "
+      // This field number is intentionally chosen to be the same as
+      // (.fileopt1) defined in unittest_custom_options.proto (linked
+      // in this test binary). This is to test whether we are messing
+      // generated pool with custom descriptor pools when dealing with
+      // custom options.
+      "  number: 7736974 "
+      "  label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "  type: TYPE_INT32 "
+      "}"
+      "extension { "
+      "  name: \"cc_option2\" "
+      "  extendee: \".google.protobuf.FileOptions\" "
+      "  number: 7736975 "
+      "  label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "  type: TYPE_INT32 "
+      "}",
+      &file_proto));
+  const FileDescriptor* descriptor = pool.BuildFile(file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(descriptor != nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, descriptor->extension_count());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+      "\n"
+      "import \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\";\n"
+      "package protobuf_unittest;\n"
+      "\n"
+      "option (.protobuf_unittest.cc_option1) = 1;\n"
+      "option (.protobuf_unittest.cc_option2) = 2;\n"
+      "\n"
+      "extend .google.protobuf.FileOptions {\n"
+      "  optional int32 cc_option1 = 7736974;\n"
+      "  optional int32 cc_option2 = 7736975;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      descriptor->DebugString());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class ValidationErrorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // Parse file_text as a FileDescriptorProto in text format and add it
+  // to the DescriptorPool.  Expect no errors.
+  const FileDescriptor* BuildFile(const std::string& file_text) {
+    FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(file_text, &file_proto));
+    return GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(pool_.BuildFile(file_proto));
+  }
+
+  // Parse file_text as a FileDescriptorProto in text format and add it
+  // to the DescriptorPool.  Expect errors to be produced which match the
+  // given error text.
+  void BuildFileWithErrors(const std::string& file_text,
+                           const std::string& expected_errors) {
+    FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(file_text, &file_proto));
+
+    MockErrorCollector error_collector;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFileCollectingErrors(file_proto, &error_collector) ==
+                nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_errors, error_collector.text_);
+  }
+
+  // Parse file_text as a FileDescriptorProto in text format and add it
+  // to the DescriptorPool.  Expect errors to be produced which match the
+  // given warning text.
+  void BuildFileWithWarnings(const std::string& file_text,
+                             const std::string& expected_warnings) {
+    FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(file_text, &file_proto));
+
+    MockErrorCollector error_collector;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFileCollectingErrors(file_proto, &error_collector));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_warnings, error_collector.warning_text_);
+  }
+
+  // Builds some already-parsed file in our test pool.
+  void BuildFileInTestPool(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+    FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+    file->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+  }
+
+  // Build descriptor.proto in our test pool. This allows us to extend it in
+  // the test pool, so we can test custom options.
+  void BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool() {
+    BuildFileInTestPool(DescriptorProto::descriptor()->file());
+  }
+
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, AlreadyDefined) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Foo\" }"
+      "message_type { name: \"Foo\" }",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NAME: \"Foo\" is already defined.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, AlreadyDefinedInPackage) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "package: \"foo.bar\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Foo\" }"
+      "message_type { name: \"Foo\" }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.bar.Foo: NAME: \"Foo\" is already defined in "
+      "\"foo.bar\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, AlreadyDefinedInOtherFile) {
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Foo\" }");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Foo\" }",
+
+      "bar.proto: Foo: NAME: \"Foo\" is already defined in file "
+      "\"foo.proto\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, PackageAlreadyDefined) {
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"foo\" }");
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "package: \"foo.bar\"",
+
+      "bar.proto: foo: NAME: \"foo\" is already defined (as something other "
+      "than a package) in file \"foo.proto\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumValueAlreadyDefinedInParent) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type { name: \"Foo\" value { name: \"FOO\" number: 1 } } "
+      "enum_type { name: \"Bar\" value { name: \"FOO\" number: 1 } } ",
+
+      "foo.proto: FOO: NAME: \"FOO\" is already defined.\n"
+      "foo.proto: FOO: NAME: Note that enum values use C++ scoping rules, "
+      "meaning that enum values are siblings of their type, not children of "
+      "it.  Therefore, \"FOO\" must be unique within the global scope, not "
+      "just within \"Bar\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumValueAlreadyDefinedInParentNonGlobal) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "package: \"pkg\" "
+      "enum_type { name: \"Foo\" value { name: \"FOO\" number: 1 } } "
+      "enum_type { name: \"Bar\" value { name: \"FOO\" number: 1 } } ",
+
+      "foo.proto: pkg.FOO: NAME: \"FOO\" is already defined in \"pkg\".\n"
+      "foo.proto: pkg.FOO: NAME: Note that enum values use C++ scoping rules, "
+      "meaning that enum values are siblings of their type, not children of "
+      "it.  Therefore, \"FOO\" must be unique within \"pkg\", not just within "
+      "\"Bar\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MissingName) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { }",
+
+      "foo.proto: : NAME: Missing name.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, InvalidName) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"$\" }",
+
+      "foo.proto: $: NAME: \"$\" is not a valid identifier.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, InvalidPackageName) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "package: \"foo.$\"",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.$: NAME: \"$\" is not a valid identifier.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MissingFileName) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors("",
+
+                      ": : OTHER: Missing field: FileDescriptorProto.name.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, DupeDependency) {
+  BuildFile("name: \"foo.proto\"");
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"foo.proto\" ",
+
+      "bar.proto: foo.proto: IMPORT: Import \"foo.proto\" was listed twice.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, UnknownDependency) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"foo.proto\" ",
+
+      "bar.proto: foo.proto: IMPORT: Import \"foo.proto\" has not been "
+      "loaded.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, InvalidPublicDependencyIndex) {
+  BuildFile("name: \"foo.proto\"");
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "public_dependency: 1",
+      "bar.proto: bar.proto: OTHER: Invalid public dependency index.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ForeignUnimportedPackageNoCrash) {
+  // Used to crash:  If we depend on a non-existent file and then refer to a
+  // package defined in a file that we didn't import, and that package is
+  // nested within a parent package which this file is also in, and we don't
+  // include that parent package in the name (i.e. we do a relative lookup)...
+  // Yes, really.
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "package: 'outer.foo' ");
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'bar.proto' "
+      "dependency: 'baz.proto' "
+      "package: 'outer.bar' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Bar' "
+      "  field { name:'bar' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:'foo.Foo' }"
+      "}",
+
+      "bar.proto: baz.proto: IMPORT: Import \"baz.proto\" has not been "
+      "loaded.\n"
+      "bar.proto: outer.bar.Bar.bar: TYPE: \"outer.foo\" seems to be defined "
+      "in "
+      "\"foo.proto\", which is not imported by \"bar.proto\".  To use it here, "
+      "please add the necessary import.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, DupeFile) {
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Foo\" }");
+  // Note:  We should *not* get redundant errors about "Foo" already being
+  //   defined.
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Foo\" } "
+      // Add another type so that the files aren't identical (in which case
+      // there would be no error).
+      "enum_type { name: \"Bar\" }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OTHER: A file with this name is already in the "
+      "pool.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, FieldInExtensionRange) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name: \"foo\" number:  9 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name: \"bar\" number: 10 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name: \"baz\" number: 19 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name: \"qux\" number: 20 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "}"
+      "  extension_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.bar: NUMBER: Extension range 10 to 19 includes field "
+      "\"bar\" (10).\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo.baz: NUMBER: Extension range 10 to 19 includes field "
+      "\"baz\" (19).\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, OverlappingExtensionRanges) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  extension_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+      "  extension_range { start: 20 end: 30 }"
+      "  extension_range { start: 19 end: 21 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Extension range 19 to 20 overlaps with "
+      "already-defined range 10 to 19.\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Extension range 19 to 20 overlaps with "
+      "already-defined range 20 to 29.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedFieldError) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name: \"foo\" number: 15 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "}"
+      "  reserved_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: NUMBER: Field \"foo\" uses reserved number 15.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedExtensionRangeError) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  extension_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: 5 end: 15 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Extension range 10 to 19"
+      " overlaps with reserved range 5 to 14.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedExtensionRangeAdjacent) {
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  extension_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: 5 end: 10 }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedRangeOverlap) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  reserved_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: 5 end: 15 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Reserved range 5 to 14"
+      " overlaps with already-defined range 10 to 19.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedNameError) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name: \"foo\" number: 15 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name: \"bar\" number: 16 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "}"
+      "  field { name: \"baz\" number: 17 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "}"
+      "  reserved_name: \"foo\""
+      "  reserved_name: \"bar\""
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: NAME: Field name \"foo\" is reserved.\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo.bar: NAME: Field name \"bar\" is reserved.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedNameRedundant) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  reserved_name: \"foo\""
+      "  reserved_name: \"foo\""
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo: NAME: Field name \"foo\" is reserved multiple times.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedFieldsDebugString) {
+  const FileDescriptor* file = BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  reserved_name: \"foo\""
+      "  reserved_name: \"bar\""
+      "  reserved_range { start: 5 end: 6 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+      "}");
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      "syntax = \"proto2\";\n\n"
+      "message Foo {\n"
+      "  reserved 5, 10 to 19;\n"
+      "  reserved \"foo\", \"bar\";\n"
+      "}\n\n",
+      file->DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumReservedFieldError) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  value { name:\"BAR\" number:15 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: BAR: NUMBER: Enum value \"BAR\" uses reserved number 15.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumNegativeReservedFieldError) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  value { name:\"BAR\" number:-15 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: -20 end: -10 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: BAR: NUMBER: Enum value \"BAR\" uses reserved number -15.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumReservedRangeOverlap) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  value { name:\"BAR\" number:0 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: 5 end: 15 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Reserved range 5 to 15"
+      " overlaps with already-defined range 10 to 20.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumReservedRangeOverlapByOne) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  value { name:\"BAR\" number:0 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: 5 end: 10 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Reserved range 5 to 10"
+      " overlaps with already-defined range 10 to 20.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumNegativeReservedRangeOverlap) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  value { name:\"BAR\" number:0 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: -20 end: -10 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: -15 end: -5 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Reserved range -15 to -5"
+      " overlaps with already-defined range -20 to -10.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumMixedReservedRangeOverlap) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  value { name:\"BAR\" number:20 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: -20 end: 10 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: -15 end: 5 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Reserved range -15 to 5"
+      " overlaps with already-defined range -20 to 10.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumMixedReservedRangeOverlap2) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  value { name:\"BAR\" number:20 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: -20 end: 10 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: 10 end: 10 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Reserved range 10 to 10"
+      " overlaps with already-defined range -20 to 10.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumReservedRangeStartGreaterThanEnd) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  value { name:\"BAR\" number:20 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: 11 end: 10 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Reserved range end number must be greater"
+      " than start number.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumReservedNameError) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  value { name:\"FOO\" number:15 }"
+      "  value { name:\"BAR\" number:15 }"
+      "  reserved_name: \"FOO\""
+      "  reserved_name: \"BAR\""
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: FOO: NAME: Enum value \"FOO\" is reserved.\n"
+      "foo.proto: BAR: NAME: Enum value \"BAR\" is reserved.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumReservedNameRedundant) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  value { name:\"FOO\" number:15 }"
+      "  reserved_name: \"foo\""
+      "  reserved_name: \"foo\""
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo: NAME: Enum value \"foo\" is reserved multiple times.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumReservedFieldsDebugString) {
+  const FileDescriptor* file = BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  value { name:\"FOO\" number:3 }"
+      "  reserved_name: \"foo\""
+      "  reserved_name: \"bar\""
+      "  reserved_range { start: -6 end: -6 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: -5 end: -4 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: -1 end: 1 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: 5 end: 5 }"
+      "  reserved_range { start: 10 end: 19 }"
+      "}");
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      "syntax = \"proto2\";\n\n"
+      "enum Foo {\n"
+      "  FOO = 3;\n"
+      "  reserved -6, -5 to -4, -1 to 1, 5, 10 to 19;\n"
+      "  reserved \"foo\", \"bar\";\n"
+      "}\n\n",
+      file->DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, InvalidDefaults) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+
+      // Invalid number.
+      "  field { name: \"foo\" number: 1 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL type: TYPE_INT32"
+      "          default_value: \"abc\" }"
+
+      // Empty default value.
+      "  field { name: \"bar\" number: 2 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL type: TYPE_INT32"
+      "          default_value: \"\" }"
+
+      // Invalid boolean.
+      "  field { name: \"baz\" number: 3 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL type: TYPE_BOOL"
+      "          default_value: \"abc\" }"
+
+      // Messages can't have defaults.
+      "  field { name: \"qux\" number: 4 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL type: "
+      "TYPE_MESSAGE"
+      "          default_value: \"abc\" type_name: \"Foo\" }"
+
+      // Same thing, but we don't know that this field has message type until
+      // we look up the type name.
+      "  field { name: \"quux\" number: 5 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL"
+      "          default_value: \"abc\" type_name: \"Foo\" }"
+
+      // Repeateds can't have defaults.
+      "  field { name: \"corge\" number: 6 label: LABEL_REPEATED type: "
+      "TYPE_INT32"
+      "          default_value: \"1\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: DEFAULT_VALUE: Couldn't parse default value "
+      "\"abc\".\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo.bar: DEFAULT_VALUE: Couldn't parse default value \"\".\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo.baz: DEFAULT_VALUE: Boolean default must be true or "
+      "false.\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo.qux: DEFAULT_VALUE: Messages can't have default values.\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo.corge: DEFAULT_VALUE: Repeated fields can't have default "
+      "values.\n"
+      // This ends up being reported later because the error is detected at
+      // cross-linking time.
+      "foo.proto: Foo.quux: DEFAULT_VALUE: Messages can't have default "
+      "values.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, NegativeFieldNumber) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name: \"foo\" number: -1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "}"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: NUMBER: Field numbers must be positive integers.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, HugeFieldNumber) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name: \"foo\" number: 0x70000000 "
+      "          label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: NUMBER: Field numbers cannot be greater than "
+      "536870911.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedFieldNumber) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field {name:\"foo\" number: 18999 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "  field {name:\"bar\" number: 19000 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "  field {name:\"baz\" number: 19999 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "  field {name:\"qux\" number: 20000 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.bar: NUMBER: Field numbers 19000 through 19999 are "
+      "reserved for the protocol buffer library implementation.\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo.baz: NUMBER: Field numbers 19000 through 19999 are "
+      "reserved for the protocol buffer library implementation.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ExtensionMissingExtendee) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  extension { name: \"foo\" number: 1 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL"
+      "              type_name: \"Foo\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: EXTENDEE: FieldDescriptorProto.extendee not set for "
+      "extension field.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, NonExtensionWithExtendee) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Bar\""
+      "  extension_range { start: 1 end: 2 }"
+      "}"
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name: \"foo\" number: 1 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL"
+      "          type_name: \"Foo\" extendee: \"Bar\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: EXTENDEE: FieldDescriptorProto.extendee set for "
+      "non-extension field.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, FieldOneofIndexTooLarge) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 1 }"
+      "  field { name:\"dummy\" number:2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 0 }"
+      "  oneof_decl { name:\"bar\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: FieldDescriptorProto.oneof_index 1 is out of "
+      "range for type \"Foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, FieldOneofIndexNegative) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: -1 }"
+      "  field { name:\"dummy\" number:2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 0 }"
+      "  oneof_decl { name:\"bar\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: FieldDescriptorProto.oneof_index -1 is out "
+      "of "
+      "range for type \"Foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, OneofFieldsConsecutiveDefinition) {
+  // Fields belonging to the same oneof must be defined consecutively.
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo1\" number: 1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 0 }"
+      "  field { name:\"bar\" number: 2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "  field { name:\"foo2\" number: 3 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 0 }"
+      "  oneof_decl { name:\"foos\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.bar: TYPE: Fields in the same oneof must be defined "
+      "consecutively. \"bar\" cannot be defined before the completion of the "
+      "\"foos\" oneof definition.\n");
+
+  // Prevent interleaved fields, which belong to different oneofs.
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo2.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo2\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo1\" number: 1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 0 }"
+      "  field { name:\"bar1\" number: 2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 1 }"
+      "  field { name:\"foo2\" number: 3 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 0 }"
+      "  field { name:\"bar2\" number: 4 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 1 }"
+      "  oneof_decl { name:\"foos\" }"
+      "  oneof_decl { name:\"bars\" }"
+      "}",
+      "foo2.proto: Foo2.bar1: TYPE: Fields in the same oneof must be defined "
+      "consecutively. \"bar1\" cannot be defined before the completion of the "
+      "\"foos\" oneof definition.\n"
+      "foo2.proto: Foo2.foo2: TYPE: Fields in the same oneof must be defined "
+      "consecutively. \"foo2\" cannot be defined before the completion of the "
+      "\"bars\" oneof definition.\n");
+
+  // Another case for normal fields and different oneof fields interleave.
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo3.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo3\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo1\" number: 1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 0 }"
+      "  field { name:\"bar1\" number: 2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 1 }"
+      "  field { name:\"baz\" number: 3 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "  field { name:\"foo2\" number: 4 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 0 }"
+      "  oneof_decl { name:\"foos\" }"
+      "  oneof_decl { name:\"bars\" }"
+      "}",
+      "foo3.proto: Foo3.baz: TYPE: Fields in the same oneof must be defined "
+      "consecutively. \"baz\" cannot be defined before the completion of the "
+      "\"foos\" oneof definition.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, FieldNumberConflict) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name: \"foo\" number: 1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "  field { name: \"bar\" number: 1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.bar: NUMBER: Field number 1 has already been used in "
+      "\"Foo\" by field \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, BadMessageSetExtensionType) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"MessageSet\""
+      "  options { message_set_wire_format: true }"
+      "  extension_range { start: 4 end: 5 }"
+      "}"
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  extension { name:\"foo\" number:4 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32"
+      "              extendee: \"MessageSet\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: Extensions of MessageSets must be optional "
+      "messages.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, BadMessageSetExtensionLabel) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"MessageSet\""
+      "  options { message_set_wire_format: true }"
+      "  extension_range { start: 4 end: 5 }"
+      "}"
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  extension { name:\"foo\" number:4 label:LABEL_REPEATED "
+      "type:TYPE_MESSAGE"
+      "              type_name: \"Foo\" extendee: \"MessageSet\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: Extensions of MessageSets must be optional "
+      "messages.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, FieldInMessageSet) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  options { message_set_wire_format: true }"
+      "  field { name: \"foo\" number: 1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: NAME: MessageSets cannot have fields, only "
+      "extensions.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, NegativeExtensionRangeNumber) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  extension_range { start: -10 end: -1 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Extension numbers must be positive integers.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, HugeExtensionRangeNumber) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  extension_range { start: 1 end: 0x70000000 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Extension numbers cannot be greater than "
+      "536870911.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ExtensionRangeEndBeforeStart) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  extension_range { start: 10 end: 10 }"
+      "  extension_range { start: 10 end: 5 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Extension range end number must be greater than "
+      "start number.\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Extension range end number must be greater than "
+      "start number.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EmptyEnum) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type { name: \"Foo\" }"
+      // Also use the empty enum in a message to make sure there are no crashes
+      // during validation (possible if the code attempts to derive a default
+      // value for the field).
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Bar\""
+      "  field { name: \"foo\" number: 1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type_name:\"Foo\" }"
+      "  field { name: \"bar\" number: 2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type_name:\"Foo\" "
+      "          default_value: \"NO_SUCH_VALUE\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NAME: Enums must contain at least one value.\n"
+      "foo.proto: Bar.bar: DEFAULT_VALUE: Enum type \"Foo\" has no value named "
+      "\"NO_SUCH_VALUE\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, UndefinedExtendee) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  extension { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32"
+      "              extendee: \"Bar\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: EXTENDEE: \"Bar\" is not defined.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, NonMessageExtendee) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type { name: \"Bar\" value { name:\"DUMMY\" number:0 } }"
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  extension { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32"
+      "              extendee: \"Bar\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: EXTENDEE: \"Bar\" is not a message type.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, NotAnExtensionNumber) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Bar\""
+      "}"
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  extension { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32"
+      "              extendee: \"Bar\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: NUMBER: \"Bar\" does not declare 1 as an extension "
+      "number.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, RequiredExtension) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Bar\""
+      "  extension_range { start: 1000 end: 10000 }"
+      "}"
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  extension {"
+      "    name:\"foo\""
+      "    number:1000"
+      "    label:LABEL_REQUIRED"
+      "    type:TYPE_INT32"
+      "    extendee: \"Bar\""
+      "  }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: The extension Foo.foo cannot be required.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, UndefinedFieldType) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:\"Bar\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: \"Bar\" is not defined.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, UndefinedFieldTypeWithDefault) {
+  // See b/12533582. Previously this failed because the default value was not
+  // accepted by the parser, which assumed an enum type, leading to an unclear
+  // error message. We want this input to yield a validation error instead,
+  // since the unknown type is the primary problem.
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:\"int\" "
+      "          default_value:\"1\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: \"int\" is not defined.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, UndefinedNestedFieldType) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  nested_type { name:\"Baz\" }"
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1"
+      "          label:LABEL_OPTIONAL"
+      "          type_name:\"Foo.Baz.Bar\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: \"Foo.Baz.Bar\" is not defined.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, FieldTypeDefinedInUndeclaredDependency) {
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Bar\" } ");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:\"Bar\" }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: \"Bar\" seems to be defined in \"bar.proto\", "
+      "which is not imported by \"foo.proto\".  To use it here, please add the "
+      "necessary import.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, FieldTypeDefinedInIndirectDependency) {
+  // Test for hidden dependencies.
+  //
+  // // bar.proto
+  // message Bar{}
+  //
+  // // forward.proto
+  // import "bar.proto"
+  //
+  // // foo.proto
+  // import "forward.proto"
+  // message Foo {
+  //   optional Bar foo = 1;  // Error, needs to import bar.proto explicitly.
+  // }
+  //
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Bar\" }");
+
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"forward.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"bar.proto\"");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"forward.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:\"Bar\" }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: \"Bar\" seems to be defined in \"bar.proto\", "
+      "which is not imported by \"foo.proto\".  To use it here, please add the "
+      "necessary import.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, FieldTypeDefinedInPublicDependency) {
+  // Test for public dependencies.
+  //
+  // // bar.proto
+  // message Bar{}
+  //
+  // // forward.proto
+  // import public "bar.proto"
+  //
+  // // foo.proto
+  // import "forward.proto"
+  // message Foo {
+  //   optional Bar foo = 1;  // Correct. "bar.proto" is public imported into
+  //                          // forward.proto, so when "foo.proto" imports
+  //                          // "forward.proto", it imports "bar.proto" too.
+  // }
+  //
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Bar\" }");
+
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"forward.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "public_dependency: 0");
+
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"forward.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:\"Bar\" }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, FieldTypeDefinedInTransitivePublicDependency) {
+  // Test for public dependencies.
+  //
+  // // bar.proto
+  // message Bar{}
+  //
+  // // forward.proto
+  // import public "bar.proto"
+  //
+  // // forward2.proto
+  // import public "forward.proto"
+  //
+  // // foo.proto
+  // import "forward2.proto"
+  // message Foo {
+  //   optional Bar foo = 1;  // Correct, public imports are transitive.
+  // }
+  //
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Bar\" }");
+
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"forward.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "public_dependency: 0");
+
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"forward2.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"forward.proto\" "
+      "public_dependency: 0");
+
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"forward2.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:\"Bar\" }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest,
+       FieldTypeDefinedInPrivateDependencyOfPublicDependency) {
+  // Test for public dependencies.
+  //
+  // // bar.proto
+  // message Bar{}
+  //
+  // // forward.proto
+  // import "bar.proto"
+  //
+  // // forward2.proto
+  // import public "forward.proto"
+  //
+  // // foo.proto
+  // import "forward2.proto"
+  // message Foo {
+  //   optional Bar foo = 1;  // Error, the "bar.proto" is not public imported
+  //                          // into "forward.proto", so will not be imported
+  //                          // into either "forward2.proto" or "foo.proto".
+  // }
+  //
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Bar\" }");
+
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"forward.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"bar.proto\"");
+
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"forward2.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"forward.proto\" "
+      "public_dependency: 0");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"forward2.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:\"Bar\" }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: \"Bar\" seems to be defined in \"bar.proto\", "
+      "which is not imported by \"foo.proto\".  To use it here, please add the "
+      "necessary import.\n");
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, SearchMostLocalFirst) {
+  // The following should produce an error that Bar.Baz is resolved but
+  // not defined:
+  //   message Bar { message Baz {} }
+  //   message Foo {
+  //     message Bar {
+  //       // Placing "message Baz{}" here, or removing Foo.Bar altogether,
+  //       // would fix the error.
+  //     }
+  //     optional Bar.Baz baz = 1;
+  //   }
+  // An one point the lookup code incorrectly did not produce an error in this
+  // case, because when looking for Bar.Baz, it would try "Foo.Bar.Baz" first,
+  // fail, and ten try "Bar.Baz" and succeed, even though "Bar" should actually
+  // refer to the inner Bar, not the outer one.
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Bar\""
+      "  nested_type { name: \"Baz\" }"
+      "}"
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  nested_type { name: \"Bar\" }"
+      "  field { name:\"baz\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL"
+      "          type_name:\"Bar.Baz\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.baz: TYPE: \"Bar.Baz\" is resolved to \"Foo.Bar.Baz\","
+      " which is not defined. The innermost scope is searched first in name "
+      "resolution. Consider using a leading '.'(i.e., \".Bar.Baz\") to start "
+      "from the outermost scope.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, SearchMostLocalFirst2) {
+  // This test would find the most local "Bar" first, and does, but
+  // proceeds to find the outer one because the inner one's not an
+  // aggregate.
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Bar\""
+      "  nested_type { name: \"Baz\" }"
+      "}"
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name: \"Bar\" number:1 type:TYPE_BYTES } "
+      "  field { name:\"baz\" number:2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL"
+      "          type_name:\"Bar.Baz\" }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, PackageOriginallyDeclaredInTransitiveDependent) {
+  // Imagine we have the following:
+  //
+  // foo.proto:
+  //   package foo.bar;
+  // bar.proto:
+  //   package foo.bar;
+  //   import "foo.proto";
+  //   message Bar {}
+  // baz.proto:
+  //   package foo;
+  //   import "bar.proto"
+  //   message Baz { optional bar.Bar qux = 1; }
+  //
+  // When validating baz.proto, we will look up "bar.Bar".  As part of this
+  // lookup, we first lookup "bar" then try to find "Bar" within it.  "bar"
+  // should resolve to "foo.bar".  Note, though, that "foo.bar" was originally
+  // defined in foo.proto, which is not a direct dependency of baz.proto.  The
+  // implementation of FindSymbol() normally only returns symbols in direct
+  // dependencies, not indirect ones.  This test insures that this does not
+  // prevent it from finding "foo.bar".
+
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "package: \"foo.bar\" ");
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "package: \"foo.bar\" "
+      "dependency: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Bar\" }");
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"baz.proto\" "
+      "package: \"foo\" "
+      "dependency: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"Baz\" "
+      "  field { name:\"qux\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "          type_name:\"bar.Bar\" }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, FieldTypeNotAType) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "          type_name:\".Foo.bar\" }"
+      "  field { name:\"bar\" number:2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: \".Foo.bar\" is not a type.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, RelativeFieldTypeNotAType) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  nested_type {"
+      "    name: \"Bar\""
+      "    field { name:\"Baz\" number:2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "  }"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "          type_name:\"Bar.Baz\" }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: \"Bar.Baz\" is not a type.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, FieldTypeMayBeItsName) {
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Bar\""
+      "}"
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"Bar\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:\"Bar\" }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumFieldTypeIsMessage) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Bar\" } "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_ENUM"
+      "          type_name:\"Bar\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: \"Bar\" is not an enum type.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MessageFieldTypeIsEnum) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type { name: \"Bar\" value { name:\"DUMMY\" number:0 } } "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_MESSAGE"
+      "          type_name:\"Bar\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: \"Bar\" is not a message type.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, BadEnumDefaultValue) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type { name: \"Bar\" value { name:\"DUMMY\" number:0 } } "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:\"Bar\""
+      "          default_value:\"NO_SUCH_VALUE\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: DEFAULT_VALUE: Enum type \"Bar\" has no value named "
+      "\"NO_SUCH_VALUE\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumDefaultValueIsInteger) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type { name: \"Bar\" value { name:\"DUMMY\" number:0 } } "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:\"Bar\""
+      "          default_value:\"0\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: DEFAULT_VALUE: Default value for an enum field must "
+      "be an identifier.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, PrimitiveWithTypeName) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32"
+      "          type_name:\"Foo\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: Field with primitive type has type_name.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, NonPrimitiveWithoutTypeName) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_MESSAGE }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: Field with message or enum type missing "
+      "type_name.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, OneofWithNoFields) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  oneof_decl { name:\"bar\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.bar: NAME: Oneof must have at least one field.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, OneofLabelMismatch) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_REPEATED type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index:0 }"
+      "  oneof_decl { name:\"bar\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: NAME: Fields of oneofs must themselves have label "
+      "LABEL_OPTIONAL.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, InputTypeNotDefined) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Foo\" } "
+      "service {"
+      "  name: \"TestService\""
+      "  method { name: \"A\" input_type: \"Bar\" output_type: \"Foo\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: TestService.A: INPUT_TYPE: \"Bar\" is not defined.\n"
+  );
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, InputTypeNotAMessage) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Foo\" } "
+      "enum_type { name: \"Bar\" value { name:\"DUMMY\" number:0 } } "
+      "service {"
+      "  name: \"TestService\""
+      "  method { name: \"A\" input_type: \"Bar\" output_type: \"Foo\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: TestService.A: INPUT_TYPE: \"Bar\" is not a message type.\n"
+  );
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, OutputTypeNotDefined) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Foo\" } "
+      "service {"
+      "  name: \"TestService\""
+      "  method { name: \"A\" input_type: \"Foo\" output_type: \"Bar\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: TestService.A: OUTPUT_TYPE: \"Bar\" is not defined.\n"
+  );
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, OutputTypeNotAMessage) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Foo\" } "
+      "enum_type { name: \"Bar\" value { name:\"DUMMY\" number:0 } } "
+      "service {"
+      "  name: \"TestService\""
+      "  method { name: \"A\" input_type: \"Foo\" output_type: \"Bar\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: TestService.A: OUTPUT_TYPE: \"Bar\" is not a message type.\n"
+  );
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, IllegalPackedField) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {\n"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"packed_string\" number:1 label:LABEL_REPEATED "
+      "          type:TYPE_STRING "
+      "          options { uninterpreted_option {"
+      "            name { name_part: \"packed\" is_extension: false }"
+      "            identifier_value: \"true\" }}}\n"
+      "  field { name:\"packed_message\" number:3 label:LABEL_REPEATED "
+      "          type_name: \"Foo\""
+      "          options { uninterpreted_option {"
+      "            name { name_part: \"packed\" is_extension: false }"
+      "            identifier_value: \"true\" }}}\n"
+      "  field { name:\"optional_int32\" number: 4 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "          type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          options { uninterpreted_option {"
+      "            name { name_part: \"packed\" is_extension: false }"
+      "            identifier_value: \"true\" }}}\n"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.packed_string: TYPE: [packed = true] can only be "
+      "specified for repeated primitive fields.\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo.packed_message: TYPE: [packed = true] can only be "
+      "specified for repeated primitive fields.\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo.optional_int32: TYPE: [packed = true] can only be "
+      "specified for repeated primitive fields.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, OptionWrongType) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\" "
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_STRING "
+      "          options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"ctype\" "
+      "                                                  is_extension: false }"
+      "                                           positive_int_value: 1 }"
+      "          }"
+      "  }"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "foo.proto: TestMessage.foo: OPTION_VALUE: Value must be identifier for "
+      "enum-valued option \"google.protobuf.FieldOptions.ctype\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, OptionExtendsAtomicType) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\" "
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_STRING "
+      "          options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"ctype\" "
+      "                                                  is_extension: false }"
+      "                                           name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                                  is_extension: true }"
+      "                                           positive_int_value: 1 }"
+      "          }"
+      "  }"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "foo.proto: TestMessage.foo: OPTION_NAME: Option \"ctype\" is an "
+      "atomic type, not a message.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, DupOption) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\" "
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_UINT32 "
+      "          options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"ctype\" "
+      "                                                  is_extension: false }"
+      "                                           identifier_value: \"CORD\" }"
+      "                    uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"ctype\" "
+      "                                                  is_extension: false }"
+      "                                           identifier_value: \"CORD\" }"
+      "          }"
+      "  }"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "foo.proto: TestMessage.foo: OPTION_NAME: Option \"ctype\" was "
+      "already set.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, InvalidOptionName) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\" "
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_BOOL "
+      "          options { uninterpreted_option { "
+      "                      name { name_part: \"uninterpreted_option\" "
+      "                             is_extension: false }"
+      "                      positive_int_value: 1 "
+      "                    }"
+      "          }"
+      "  }"
+      "}\n",
+
+      "foo.proto: TestMessage.foo: OPTION_NAME: Option must not use "
+      "reserved name \"uninterpreted_option\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, RepeatedMessageOption) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "message_type: { name: \"Bar\" field: { "
+      "  name: \"foo\" number: 1 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL type: TYPE_INT32 } "
+      "} "
+      "extension { name: \"bar\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_REPEATED "
+      "            type: TYPE_MESSAGE type_name: \"Bar\" "
+      "            extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"bar\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: false } "
+      "                                 positive_int_value: 1 } }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_NAME: Option field \"(bar)\" is a "
+      "repeated message. Repeated message options must be initialized "
+      "using an aggregate value.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ResolveUndefinedOption) {
+  // The following should produce an eror that baz.bar is resolved but not
+  // defined.
+  // foo.proto:
+  //   package baz
+  //   import google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+  //   message Bar { optional int32 foo = 1; }
+  //   extend FileOptions { optional Bar bar = 7672757; }
+  //
+  // qux.proto:
+  //   package qux.baz
+  //   option (baz.bar).foo = 1;
+  //
+  // Although "baz.bar" is already defined, the lookup code will try
+  // "qux.baz.bar", since it's the match from the innermost scope, which will
+  // cause a symbol not defined error.
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "package: \"baz\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "message_type: { name: \"Bar\" field: { "
+      "  name: \"foo\" number: 1 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL type: TYPE_INT32 } "
+      "} "
+      "extension { name: \"bar\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_MESSAGE type_name: \"Bar\" "
+      "            extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"qux.proto\" "
+      "package: \"qux.baz\" "
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"baz.bar\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: false } "
+      "                                 positive_int_value: 1 } }",
+
+      "qux.proto: qux.proto: OPTION_NAME: Option \"(baz.bar)\" is resolved to "
+      "\"(qux.baz.bar)\","
+      " which is not defined. The innermost scope is searched first in name "
+      "resolution. Consider using a leading '.'(i.e., \"(.baz.bar)\") to start "
+      "from the outermost scope.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, UnknownOption) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"qux.proto\" "
+      "package: \"qux.baz\" "
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"baaz.bar\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: false } "
+      "                                 positive_int_value: 1 } }",
+
+      "qux.proto: qux.proto: OPTION_NAME: Option \"(baaz.bar)\" unknown. "
+      "Ensure "
+      "that your proto definition file imports the proto which defines the "
+      "option.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, CustomOptionConflictingFieldNumber) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"foo1\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_INT32 extendee: \"google.protobuf.FieldOptions\" }"
+      "extension { name: \"foo2\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_INT32 extendee: \"google.protobuf.FieldOptions\" }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo2: NUMBER: Extension number 7672757 has already been used "
+      "in \"google.protobuf.FieldOptions\" by extension \"foo1\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, Int32OptionValueOutOfPositiveRange) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_INT32 extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 positive_int_value: 0x80000000 } "
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Value out of range "
+      "for int32 option \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, Int32OptionValueOutOfNegativeRange) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_INT32 extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 negative_int_value: -0x80000001 } "
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Value out of range "
+      "for int32 option \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, Int32OptionValueIsNotPositiveInt) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_INT32 extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 string_value: \"5\" } }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Value must be integer "
+      "for int32 option \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, Int64OptionValueOutOfRange) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_INT64 extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 positive_int_value: 0x8000000000000000 "
+      "} "
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Value out of range "
+      "for int64 option \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, Int64OptionValueIsNotPositiveInt) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_INT64 extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 identifier_value: \"5\" } }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Value must be integer "
+      "for int64 option \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, UInt32OptionValueOutOfRange) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_UINT32 extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 positive_int_value: 0x100000000 } }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Value out of range "
+      "for uint32 option \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, UInt32OptionValueIsNotPositiveInt) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_UINT32 extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 double_value: -5.6 } }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Value must be non-negative integer "
+      "for uint32 option \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, UInt64OptionValueIsNotPositiveInt) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_UINT64 extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 negative_int_value: -5 } }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Value must be non-negative integer "
+      "for uint64 option \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, FloatOptionValueIsNotNumber) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_FLOAT extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 string_value: \"bar\" } }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Value must be number "
+      "for float option \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, DoubleOptionValueIsNotNumber) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_DOUBLE extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 string_value: \"bar\" } }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Value must be number "
+      "for double option \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, BoolOptionValueIsNotTrueOrFalse) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_BOOL extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 identifier_value: \"bar\" } }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Value must be \"true\" or \"false\" "
+      "for boolean option \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumOptionValueIsNotIdentifier) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "enum_type { name: \"FooEnum\" value { name: \"BAR\" number: 1 } "
+      "                              value { name: \"BAZ\" number: 2 } }"
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_ENUM type_name: \"FooEnum\" "
+      "            extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 string_value: \"QUUX\" } }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Value must be identifier for "
+      "enum-valued option \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumOptionValueIsNotEnumValueName) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "enum_type { name: \"FooEnum\" value { name: \"BAR\" number: 1 } "
+      "                              value { name: \"BAZ\" number: 2 } }"
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_ENUM type_name: \"FooEnum\" "
+      "            extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 identifier_value: \"QUUX\" } }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Enum type \"FooEnum\" has no value "
+      "named \"QUUX\" for option \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumOptionValueIsSiblingEnumValueName) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "enum_type { name: \"FooEnum1\" value { name: \"BAR\" number: 1 } "
+      "                               value { name: \"BAZ\" number: 2 } }"
+      "enum_type { name: \"FooEnum2\" value { name: \"QUX\" number: 1 } "
+      "                               value { name: \"QUUX\" number: 2 } }"
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_ENUM type_name: \"FooEnum1\" "
+      "            extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 identifier_value: \"QUUX\" } }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Enum type \"FooEnum1\" has no value "
+      "named \"QUUX\" for option \"foo\". This appears to be a value from a "
+      "sibling type.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, StringOptionValueIsNotString) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_STRING extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 identifier_value: \"QUUX\" } }",
+
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Value must be quoted string "
+      "for "
+      "string option \"foo\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, JsonNameOptionOnExtensions) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "package: \"foo\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  extension_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+      "}"
+      "extension {"
+      "  name: \"value\""
+      "  number: 10"
+      "  label: LABEL_OPTIONAL"
+      "  type: TYPE_INT32"
+      "  extendee: \"foo.Foo\""
+      "  json_name: \"myName\""
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: foo.value: OPTION_NAME: option json_name is not allowed on "
+      "extension fields.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, DuplicateExtensionFieldNumber) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"option1\" number: 1000 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_INT32 extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }");
+
+  BuildFileWithWarnings(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "extension { name: \"option2\" number: 1000 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_INT32 extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }",
+      "bar.proto: option2: NUMBER: Extension number 1000 has already been used "
+      "in \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" by extension \"option1\" defined in "
+      "foo.proto.\n");
+}
+
+// Helper function for tests that check for aggregate value parsing
+// errors.  The "value" argument is embedded inside the
+// "uninterpreted_option" portion of the result.
+static std::string EmbedAggregateValue(const char* value) {
+  return strings::Substitute(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Foo\" } "
+      "extension { name: \"foo\" number: 7672757 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_MESSAGE type_name: \"Foo\" "
+      "            extendee: \"google.protobuf.FileOptions\" }"
+      "options { uninterpreted_option { name { name_part: \"foo\" "
+      "                                        is_extension: true } "
+      "                                 $0 } }",
+      value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, AggregateValueNotFound) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      EmbedAggregateValue("string_value: \"\""),
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Option \"foo\" is a message. "
+      "To set the entire message, use syntax like "
+      "\"foo = { <proto text format> }\". To set fields within it, use "
+      "syntax like \"foo.foo = value\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, AggregateValueParseError) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      EmbedAggregateValue("aggregate_value: \"1+2\""),
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Error while parsing option "
+      "value for \"foo\": Expected identifier, got: 1\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, AggregateValueUnknownFields) {
+  BuildDescriptorMessagesInTestPool();
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      EmbedAggregateValue("aggregate_value: \"x:100\""),
+      "foo.proto: foo.proto: OPTION_VALUE: Error while parsing option "
+      "value for \"foo\": Message type \"Foo\" has no field named \"x\".\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, NotLiteImportsLite) {
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "options { optimize_for: LITE_RUNTIME } ");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"bar.proto\" ",
+
+      "foo.proto: bar.proto: IMPORT: Files that do not use optimize_for = "
+      "LITE_RUNTIME cannot import files which do use this option.  This file "
+      "is not lite, but it imports \"bar.proto\" which is.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, LiteExtendsNotLite) {
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "message_type: {"
+      "  name: \"Bar\""
+      "  extension_range { start: 1 end: 1000 }"
+      "}");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "options { optimize_for: LITE_RUNTIME } "
+      "extension { name: \"ext\" number: 123 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "            type: TYPE_INT32 extendee: \"Bar\" }",
+
+      "foo.proto: ext: EXTENDEE: Extensions to non-lite types can only be "
+      "declared in non-lite files.  Note that you cannot extend a non-lite "
+      "type to contain a lite type, but the reverse is allowed.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, NoLiteServices) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "options {"
+      "  optimize_for: LITE_RUNTIME"
+      "  cc_generic_services: true"
+      "  java_generic_services: true"
+      "} "
+      "service { name: \"Foo\" }",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NAME: Files with optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME cannot "
+      "define services unless you set both options cc_generic_services and "
+      "java_generic_services to false.\n");
+
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "options {"
+      "  optimize_for: LITE_RUNTIME"
+      "  cc_generic_services: false"
+      "  java_generic_services: false"
+      "} "
+      "service { name: \"Bar\" }");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, RollbackAfterError) {
+  // Build a file which contains every kind of construct but references an
+  // undefined type.  All these constructs will be added to the symbol table
+  // before the undefined type error is noticed.  The DescriptorPool will then
+  // have to roll everything back.
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 }"
+      "} "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestEnum\""
+      "  value { name:\"BAR\" number:1 }"
+      "} "
+      "service {"
+      "  name: \"TestService\""
+      "  method {"
+      "    name: \"Baz\""
+      "    input_type: \"NoSuchType\""  // error
+      "    output_type: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: TestService.Baz: INPUT_TYPE: \"NoSuchType\" is not defined.\n"
+  );
+
+  // Make sure that if we build the same file again with the error fixed,
+  // it works.  If the above rollback was incomplete, then some symbols will
+  // be left defined, and this second attempt will fail since it tries to
+  // re-define the same symbols.
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 }"
+      "} "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"TestEnum\""
+      "  value { name:\"BAR\" number:1 }"
+      "} "
+      "service {"
+      "  name: \"TestService\""
+      "  method { name:\"Baz\""
+      "           input_type:\"TestMessage\""
+      "           output_type:\"TestMessage\" }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ErrorsReportedToLogError) {
+  // Test that errors are reported to GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) if no error collector is
+  // provided.
+
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      TextFormat::ParseFromString("name: \"foo.proto\" "
+                                  "message_type { name: \"Foo\" } "
+                                  "message_type { name: \"Foo\" } ",
+                                  &file_proto));
+
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog log;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(file_proto) == nullptr);
+    errors = log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, errors.size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("Invalid proto descriptor for file \"foo.proto\":", errors[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ("  Foo: \"Foo\" is already defined.", errors[1]);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, DisallowEnumAlias) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"Bar\""
+      "  value { name:\"ENUM_A\" number:0 }"
+      "  value { name:\"ENUM_B\" number:0 }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Bar: NUMBER: "
+      "\"ENUM_B\" uses the same enum value as \"ENUM_A\". "
+      "If this is intended, set 'option allow_alias = true;' to the enum "
+      "definition.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, AllowEnumAlias) {
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"Bar\""
+      "  value { name:\"ENUM_A\" number:0 }"
+      "  value { name:\"ENUM_B\" number:0 }"
+      "  options { allow_alias: true }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, UnusedImportWarning) {
+  pool_.AddUnusedImportTrackFile("bar.proto");
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"bar.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Bar\" }");
+
+  pool_.AddUnusedImportTrackFile("base.proto");
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"base.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Base\" }");
+
+  pool_.AddUnusedImportTrackFile("baz.proto");
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"baz.proto\" "
+      "message_type { name: \"Baz\" }");
+
+  pool_.AddUnusedImportTrackFile("public.proto");
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: \"public.proto\" "
+      "dependency: \"bar.proto\""
+      "public_dependency: 0");
+
+  // // forward.proto
+  // import "base.proto"       // No warning: Base message is used.
+  // import "bar.proto"        // Will log a warning.
+  // import public "baz.proto" // No warning: Do not track import public.
+  // import "public.proto"     // No warning: public.proto has import public.
+  // message Forward {
+  //   optional Base base = 1;
+  // }
+  //
+  pool_.AddUnusedImportTrackFile("forward.proto");
+  BuildFileWithWarnings(
+      "name: \"forward.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"base.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"bar.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"baz.proto\""
+      "dependency: \"public.proto\""
+      "public_dependency: 2 "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Forward\""
+      "  field { name:\"base\" number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type_name:\"Base\" }"
+      "}",
+      "forward.proto: bar.proto: IMPORT: Import bar.proto is unused.\n");
+}
+
+namespace {
+void FillValidMapEntry(FileDescriptorProto* file_proto) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Foo' "
+      "  field { "
+      "    name: 'foo_map' number: 1 label:LABEL_REPEATED "
+      "    type_name: 'FooMapEntry' "
+      "  } "
+      "  nested_type { "
+      "    name: 'FooMapEntry' "
+      "    options {  map_entry: true } "
+      "    field { "
+      "      name: 'key' number: 1 type:TYPE_INT32 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "    } "
+      "    field { "
+      "      name: 'value' number: 2 type:TYPE_INT32 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "    } "
+      "  } "
+      "} "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Bar' "
+      "  extension_range { start: 1 end: 10 }"
+      "} ",
+      file_proto));
+}
+static const char* kMapEntryErrorMessage =
+    "foo.proto: Foo.foo_map: TYPE: map_entry should not be set explicitly. "
+    "Use map<KeyType, ValueType> instead.\n";
+static const char* kMapEntryKeyTypeErrorMessage =
+    "foo.proto: Foo.foo_map: TYPE: Key in map fields cannot be float/double, "
+    "bytes or message types.\n";
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryBase) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  BuildFile(file_proto.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryExtensionRange) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString(
+      "extension_range { "
+      "  start: 10 end: 20 "
+      "} ",
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0));
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryExtension) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString(
+      "extension { "
+      "  name: 'foo_ext' extendee: '.Bar' number: 5"
+      "} ",
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0));
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryNestedType) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString(
+      "nested_type { "
+      "  name: 'Bar' "
+      "} ",
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0));
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryEnumTypes) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString(
+      "enum_type { "
+      "  name: 'BarEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'BAR_BAR' number:0 } "
+      "} ",
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0));
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryExtraField) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString(
+      "field { "
+      "  name: 'other_field' "
+      "  label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "  type: TYPE_INT32 "
+      "  number: 3 "
+      "} ",
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0));
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryMessageName) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0)->set_name(
+      "OtherMapEntry");
+  file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_field(0)->set_type_name(
+      "OtherMapEntry");
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryNoneRepeatedMapEntry) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_field(0)->set_label(
+      FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL);
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryDifferentContainingType) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  // Move the nested MapEntry message into the top level, which should not pass
+  // the validation.
+  file_proto.mutable_message_type()->AddAllocated(
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type()->ReleaseLast());
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryKeyName) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  FieldDescriptorProto* key =
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0)->mutable_field(
+          0);
+  key->set_name("Key");
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryKeyLabel) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  FieldDescriptorProto* key =
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0)->mutable_field(
+          0);
+  key->set_label(FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REQUIRED);
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryKeyNumber) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  FieldDescriptorProto* key =
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0)->mutable_field(
+          0);
+  key->set_number(3);
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryValueName) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  FieldDescriptorProto* value =
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0)->mutable_field(
+          1);
+  value->set_name("Value");
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryValueLabel) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  FieldDescriptorProto* value =
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0)->mutable_field(
+          1);
+  value->set_label(FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_REQUIRED);
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryValueNumber) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  FieldDescriptorProto* value =
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0)->mutable_field(
+          1);
+  value->set_number(3);
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryKeyTypeFloat) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  FieldDescriptorProto* key =
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0)->mutable_field(
+          0);
+  key->set_type(FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_FLOAT);
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryKeyTypeErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryKeyTypeDouble) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  FieldDescriptorProto* key =
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0)->mutable_field(
+          0);
+  key->set_type(FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_DOUBLE);
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryKeyTypeErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryKeyTypeBytes) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  FieldDescriptorProto* key =
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0)->mutable_field(
+          0);
+  key->set_type(FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_BYTES);
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryKeyTypeErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryKeyTypeEnum) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  FieldDescriptorProto* key =
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0)->mutable_field(
+          0);
+  key->clear_type();
+  key->set_type_name("BarEnum");
+  EnumDescriptorProto* enum_proto = file_proto.add_enum_type();
+  enum_proto->set_name("BarEnum");
+  EnumValueDescriptorProto* enum_value_proto = enum_proto->add_value();
+  enum_value_proto->set_name("BAR_VALUE0");
+  enum_value_proto->set_number(0);
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(),
+                      "foo.proto: Foo.foo_map: TYPE: Key in map fields cannot "
+                      "be enum types.\n");
+  // Enum keys are not allowed in proto3 as well.
+  // Get rid of extensions for proto3 to make it proto3 compatible.
+  file_proto.mutable_message_type()->RemoveLast();
+  file_proto.set_syntax("proto3");
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(),
+                      "foo.proto: Foo.foo_map: TYPE: Key in map fields cannot "
+                      "be enum types.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryKeyTypeMessage) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  FieldDescriptorProto* key =
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0)->mutable_nested_type(0)->mutable_field(
+          0);
+  key->clear_type();
+  key->set_type_name(".Bar");
+  BuildFileWithErrors(file_proto.DebugString(), kMapEntryKeyTypeErrorMessage);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryConflictsWithField) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString(
+      "field { "
+      "  name: 'FooMapEntry' "
+      "  type: TYPE_INT32 "
+      "  label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "  number: 100 "
+      "}",
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0));
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      file_proto.DebugString(),
+      "foo.proto: Foo.FooMapEntry: NAME: \"FooMapEntry\" is already defined in "
+      "\"Foo\".\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo_map: TYPE: \"FooMapEntry\" is not defined.\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NAME: Expanded map entry type FooMapEntry conflicts "
+      "with an existing field.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryConflictsWithMessage) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString(
+      "nested_type { "
+      "  name: 'FooMapEntry' "
+      "}",
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0));
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      file_proto.DebugString(),
+      "foo.proto: Foo.FooMapEntry: NAME: \"FooMapEntry\" is already defined in "
+      "\"Foo\".\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NAME: Expanded map entry type FooMapEntry conflicts "
+      "with an existing nested message type.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryConflictsWithEnum) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString(
+      "enum_type { "
+      "  name: 'FooMapEntry' "
+      "  value { name: 'ENTRY_FOO' number: 0 }"
+      "}",
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0));
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      file_proto.DebugString(),
+      "foo.proto: Foo.FooMapEntry: NAME: \"FooMapEntry\" is already defined in "
+      "\"Foo\".\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NAME: Expanded map entry type FooMapEntry conflicts "
+      "with an existing enum type.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumValuesConflictWithDifferentCasing) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "syntax: 'proto3'"
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'BAR' number: 0 }"
+      "  value { name: 'bar' number: 1 }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: bar: NAME: Enum name bar has the same name as BAR "
+      "if you ignore case and strip out the enum name prefix (if any). "
+      "This is error-prone and can lead to undefined behavior. "
+      "Please avoid doing this. If you are using allow_alias, please assign "
+      "the same numeric value to both enums.\n");
+
+  // Not an error because both enums are mapped to the same value.
+  BuildFile(
+      "syntax: 'proto3'"
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  options { allow_alias: true }"
+      "  value { name: 'UNKNOWN' number: 0 }"
+      "  value { name: 'BAR' number: 1 }"
+      "  value { name: 'bar' number: 1 }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumValuesConflictWhenPrefixesStripped) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "syntax: 'proto3'"
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'FOO_ENUM_BAZ' number: 0 }"
+      "  value { name: 'BAZ' number: 1 }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: BAZ: NAME: Enum name BAZ has the same name as FOO_ENUM_BAZ "
+      "if you ignore case and strip out the enum name prefix (if any). "
+      "This is error-prone and can lead to undefined behavior. "
+      "Please avoid doing this. If you are using allow_alias, please assign "
+      "the same numeric value to both enums.\n");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "syntax: 'proto3'"
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'FOOENUM_BAZ' number: 0 }"
+      "  value { name: 'BAZ' number: 1 }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: BAZ: NAME: Enum name BAZ has the same name as FOOENUM_BAZ "
+      "if you ignore case and strip out the enum name prefix (if any). "
+      "This is error-prone and can lead to undefined behavior. "
+      "Please avoid doing this. If you are using allow_alias, please assign "
+      "the same numeric value to both enums.\n");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "syntax: 'proto3'"
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'FOO_ENUM_BAR_BAZ' number: 0 }"
+      "  value { name: 'BAR__BAZ' number: 1 }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: BAR__BAZ: NAME: Enum name BAR__BAZ has the same name as "
+      "FOO_ENUM_BAR_BAZ if you ignore case and strip out the enum name prefix "
+      "(if any). This is error-prone and can lead to undefined behavior. "
+      "Please avoid doing this. If you are using allow_alias, please assign "
+      "the same numeric value to both enums.\n");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "syntax: 'proto3'"
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'FOO_ENUM__BAR_BAZ' number: 0 }"
+      "  value { name: 'BAR_BAZ' number: 1 }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: BAR_BAZ: NAME: Enum name BAR_BAZ has the same name as "
+      "FOO_ENUM__BAR_BAZ if you ignore case and strip out the enum name prefix "
+      "(if any). This is error-prone and can lead to undefined behavior. "
+      "Please avoid doing this. If you are using allow_alias, please assign "
+      "the same numeric value to both enums.\n");
+
+  // This isn't an error because the underscore will cause the PascalCase to
+  // differ by case (BarBaz vs. Barbaz).
+  BuildFile(
+      "syntax: 'proto3'"
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'BAR_BAZ' number: 0 }"
+      "  value { name: 'BARBAZ' number: 1 }"
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryConflictsWithOneof) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString(
+      "oneof_decl { "
+      "  name: 'FooMapEntry' "
+      "}"
+      "field { "
+      "  name: 'int_field' "
+      "  type: TYPE_INT32 "
+      "  label: LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "  oneof_index: 0 "
+      "  number: 100 "
+      "} ",
+      file_proto.mutable_message_type(0));
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      file_proto.DebugString(),
+      "foo.proto: Foo.FooMapEntry: NAME: \"FooMapEntry\" is already defined in "
+      "\"Foo\".\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo_map: TYPE: \"FooMapEntry\" is not defined.\n"
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NAME: Expanded map entry type FooMapEntry conflicts "
+      "with an existing oneof type.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryUsesNoneZeroEnumDefaultValue) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: \"Bar\""
+      "  value { name:\"ENUM_A\" number:1 }"
+      "  value { name:\"ENUM_B\" number:2 }"
+      "}"
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: 'Foo' "
+      "  field { "
+      "    name: 'foo_map' number: 1 label:LABEL_REPEATED "
+      "    type_name: 'FooMapEntry' "
+      "  } "
+      "  nested_type { "
+      "    name: 'FooMapEntry' "
+      "    options {  map_entry: true } "
+      "    field { "
+      "      name: 'key' number: 1 type:TYPE_INT32 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "    } "
+      "    field { "
+      "      name: 'value' number: 2 type_name:\"Bar\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "    } "
+      "  } "
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo_map: "
+      "TYPE: Enum value in map must define 0 as the first value.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, Proto3RequiredFields) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Foo' "
+      "  field { name:'foo' number:1 label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_INT32 } "
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: TYPE: Required fields are not allowed in "
+      "proto3.\n");
+
+  // applied to nested types as well.
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Foo' "
+      "  nested_type { "
+      "    name : 'Bar' "
+      "    field { name:'bar' number:1 label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_INT32 } "
+      "  } "
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo.Bar.bar: TYPE: Required fields are not allowed in "
+      "proto3.\n");
+
+  // optional and repeated fields are OK.
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Foo' "
+      "  field { name:'foo' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 } "
+      "  field { name:'bar' number:2 label:LABEL_REPEATED type:TYPE_INT32 } "
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ValidateProto3DefaultValue) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Foo' "
+      "  field { name:'foo' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          default_value: '1' }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo: DEFAULT_VALUE: Explicit default values are not "
+      "allowed in proto3.\n");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Foo' "
+      "  nested_type { "
+      "    name : 'Bar' "
+      "    field { name:'bar' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "            default_value: '1' }"
+      "  } "
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo.Bar.bar: DEFAULT_VALUE: Explicit default values are not "
+      "allowed in proto3.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ValidateProto3ExtensionRange) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Foo' "
+      "  field { name:'foo' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 } "
+      "  extension_range { start:10 end:100 } "
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Extension ranges are not allowed in "
+      "proto3.\n");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Foo' "
+      "  nested_type { "
+      "    name : 'Bar' "
+      "    field { name:'bar' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 } "
+      "    extension_range { start:10 end:100 } "
+      "  } "
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo.Bar: NUMBER: Extension ranges are not allowed in "
+      "proto3.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ValidateProto3MessageSetWireFormat) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Foo' "
+      "  options { message_set_wire_format: true } "
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NAME: MessageSet is not supported "
+      "in proto3.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ValidateProto3Enum) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "enum_type { "
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'FOO_FOO' number:1 } "
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: FooEnum: NUMBER: The first enum value must be "
+      "zero in proto3.\n");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Foo' "
+      "  enum_type { "
+      "    name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "    value { name: 'FOO_FOO' number:1 } "
+      "  } "
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo.FooEnum: NUMBER: The first enum value must be "
+      "zero in proto3.\n");
+
+  // valid case.
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "enum_type { "
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'FOO_FOO' number:0 } "
+      "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ValidateProto3Group) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Foo' "
+      "  nested_type { "
+      "    name: 'FooGroup' "
+      "  } "
+      "  field { name:'foo_group' number: 1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "          type: TYPE_GROUP type_name:'FooGroup' } "
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo_group: TYPE: Groups are not supported in proto3 "
+      "syntax.\n");
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ValidateProto3EnumFromProto2) {
+  // Define an enum in a proto2 file.
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "package: 'foo' "
+      "syntax: 'proto2' "
+      "enum_type { "
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'DEFAULT_OPTION' number:0 } "
+      "}");
+
+  // Now try to refer to it. (All tests in the fixture use the same pool, so we
+  // can refer to the enum above in this definition.)
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'bar.proto' "
+      "dependency: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Foo' "
+      "    field { name:'bar' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_ENUM "
+      "            type_name: 'foo.FooEnum' }"
+      "}",
+      "bar.proto: Foo.bar: TYPE: Enum type \"foo.FooEnum\" is not a proto3 "
+      "enum, but is used in \"Foo\" which is a proto3 message type.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ValidateProto3Extension) {
+  // Valid for options.
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  // Add "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto".
+  FileDescriptorProto::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(&file_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+  // Add "foo.proto":
+  //   import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+  //   extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
+  //     optional int32 option1 = 1000;
+  //   }
+  file_proto.Clear();
+  file_proto.set_name("foo.proto");
+  file_proto.set_syntax("proto3");
+  file_proto.add_dependency("google/protobuf/descriptor.proto");
+  AddExtension(&file_proto, "google.protobuf.FieldOptions", "option1", 1000,
+               FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL,
+               FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_INT32);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(pool.BuildFile(file_proto) != nullptr);
+
+  // Copy and change the package of the descriptor.proto
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: 'google.protobuf.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto2' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Container' extension_range { start: 1 end: 1000 } "
+      "}");
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'bar.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "dependency: 'google.protobuf.proto' "
+      "extension { "
+      "  name: 'bar' number: 1 label: LABEL_OPTIONAL type: TYPE_INT32 "
+      "  extendee: 'Container' "
+      "}",
+      "bar.proto: bar: EXTENDEE: Extensions in proto3 are only allowed for "
+      "defining options.\n");
+}
+
+// Test that field names that may conflict in JSON is not allowed by protoc.
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ValidateProto3JsonName) {
+  // The comparison is case-insensitive.
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: 'Foo'"
+      "  field { name:'name' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "  field { name:'Name' number:2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NAME: The JSON camel-case name of field \"Name\" "
+      "conflicts with field \"name\". This is not allowed in proto3.\n");
+  // Underscores are ignored.
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: 'Foo'"
+      "  field { name:'ab' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "  field { name:'_a__b_' number:2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo: NAME: The JSON camel-case name of field \"_a__b_\" "
+      "conflicts with field \"ab\". This is not allowed in proto3.\n");
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+// DescriptorDatabase
+
+static void AddToDatabase(SimpleDescriptorDatabase* database,
+                          const char* file_text) {
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(file_text, &file_proto));
+  database->Add(file_proto);
+}
+
+class DatabaseBackedPoolTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  DatabaseBackedPoolTest() {}
+
+  SimpleDescriptorDatabase database_;
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    AddToDatabase(
+        &database_,
+        "name: 'foo.proto' "
+        "message_type { name:'Foo' extension_range { start: 1 end: 100 } } "
+        "enum_type { name:'TestEnum' value { name:'DUMMY' number:0 } } "
+        "service { name:'TestService' } ");
+    AddToDatabase(&database_,
+                  "name: 'bar.proto' "
+                  "dependency: 'foo.proto' "
+                  "message_type { name:'Bar' } "
+                  "extension { name:'foo_ext' extendee: '.Foo' number:5 "
+                  "            label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 } ");
+    // Baz has an undeclared dependency on Foo.
+    AddToDatabase(
+        &database_,
+        "name: 'baz.proto' "
+        "message_type { "
+        "  name:'Baz' "
+        "  field { name:'foo' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:'Foo' } "
+        "}");
+  }
+
+  // We can't inject a file containing errors into a DescriptorPool, so we
+  // need an actual mock DescriptorDatabase to test errors.
+  class ErrorDescriptorDatabase : public DescriptorDatabase {
+   public:
+    ErrorDescriptorDatabase() {}
+    ~ErrorDescriptorDatabase() {}
+
+    // implements DescriptorDatabase ---------------------------------
+    bool FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                        FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+      // error.proto and error2.proto cyclically import each other.
+      if (filename == "error.proto") {
+        output->Clear();
+        output->set_name("error.proto");
+        output->add_dependency("error2.proto");
+        return true;
+      } else if (filename == "error2.proto") {
+        output->Clear();
+        output->set_name("error2.proto");
+        output->add_dependency("error.proto");
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    bool FindFileContainingSymbol(const std::string& symbol_name,
+                                  FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    bool FindFileContainingExtension(const std::string& containing_type,
+                                     int field_number,
+                                     FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // A DescriptorDatabase that counts how many times each method has been
+  // called and forwards to some other DescriptorDatabase.
+  class CallCountingDatabase : public DescriptorDatabase {
+   public:
+    CallCountingDatabase(DescriptorDatabase* wrapped_db)
+        : wrapped_db_(wrapped_db) {
+      Clear();
+    }
+    ~CallCountingDatabase() {}
+
+    DescriptorDatabase* wrapped_db_;
+
+    int call_count_;
+
+    void Clear() { call_count_ = 0; }
+
+    // implements DescriptorDatabase ---------------------------------
+    bool FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                        FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+      ++call_count_;
+      return wrapped_db_->FindFileByName(filename, output);
+    }
+    bool FindFileContainingSymbol(const std::string& symbol_name,
+                                  FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+      ++call_count_;
+      return wrapped_db_->FindFileContainingSymbol(symbol_name, output);
+    }
+    bool FindFileContainingExtension(const std::string& containing_type,
+                                     int field_number,
+                                     FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+      ++call_count_;
+      return wrapped_db_->FindFileContainingExtension(containing_type,
+                                                      field_number, output);
+    }
+  };
+
+  // A DescriptorDatabase which falsely always returns foo.proto when searching
+  // for any symbol or extension number.  This shouldn't cause the
+  // DescriptorPool to reload foo.proto if it is already loaded.
+  class FalsePositiveDatabase : public DescriptorDatabase {
+   public:
+    FalsePositiveDatabase(DescriptorDatabase* wrapped_db)
+        : wrapped_db_(wrapped_db) {}
+    ~FalsePositiveDatabase() {}
+
+    DescriptorDatabase* wrapped_db_;
+
+    // implements DescriptorDatabase ---------------------------------
+    bool FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                        FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+      return wrapped_db_->FindFileByName(filename, output);
+    }
+    bool FindFileContainingSymbol(const std::string& symbol_name,
+                                  FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+      return FindFileByName("foo.proto", output);
+    }
+    bool FindFileContainingExtension(const std::string& containing_type,
+                                     int field_number,
+                                     FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+      return FindFileByName("foo.proto", output);
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, FindFileByName) {
+  DescriptorPool pool(&database_);
+
+  const FileDescriptor* foo = pool.FindFileByName("foo.proto");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(foo != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", foo->name());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, foo->message_type_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Foo", foo->message_type(0)->name());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo, pool.FindFileByName("foo.proto"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindFileByName("no_such_file.proto") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, FindDependencyBeforeDependent) {
+  DescriptorPool pool(&database_);
+
+  const FileDescriptor* foo = pool.FindFileByName("foo.proto");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(foo != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", foo->name());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, foo->message_type_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Foo", foo->message_type(0)->name());
+
+  const FileDescriptor* bar = pool.FindFileByName("bar.proto");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(bar != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", bar->name());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, bar->message_type_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Bar", bar->message_type(0)->name());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, bar->dependency_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo, bar->dependency(0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, FindDependentBeforeDependency) {
+  DescriptorPool pool(&database_);
+
+  const FileDescriptor* bar = pool.FindFileByName("bar.proto");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(bar != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar.proto", bar->name());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, bar->message_type_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ("Bar", bar->message_type(0)->name());
+
+  const FileDescriptor* foo = pool.FindFileByName("foo.proto");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(foo != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", foo->name());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, foo->message_type_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ("Foo", foo->message_type(0)->name());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, bar->dependency_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo, bar->dependency(0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, FindFileContainingSymbol) {
+  DescriptorPool pool(&database_);
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool.FindFileContainingSymbol("Foo");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.proto", file->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(file, pool.FindFileByName("foo.proto"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindFileContainingSymbol("NoSuchSymbol") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, FindMessageTypeByName) {
+  DescriptorPool pool(&database_);
+
+  const Descriptor* type = pool.FindMessageTypeByName("Foo");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(type != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ("Foo", type->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(type->file(), pool.FindFileByName("foo.proto"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindMessageTypeByName("NoSuchType") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, FindExtensionByNumber) {
+  DescriptorPool pool(&database_);
+
+  const Descriptor* foo = pool.FindMessageTypeByName("Foo");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(foo != nullptr);
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* extension = pool.FindExtensionByNumber(foo, 5);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(extension != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo_ext", extension->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ(extension->file(), pool.FindFileByName("bar.proto"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindExtensionByNumber(foo, 12) == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, FindAllExtensions) {
+  DescriptorPool pool(&database_);
+
+  const Descriptor* foo = pool.FindMessageTypeByName("Foo");
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    // Repeat the lookup twice, to check that we get consistent
+    // results despite the fallback database lookup mutating the pool.
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> extensions;
+    pool.FindAllExtensions(foo, &extensions);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, extensions.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(5, extensions[0]->number());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, ErrorWithoutErrorCollector) {
+  ErrorDescriptorDatabase error_database;
+  DescriptorPool pool(&error_database);
+
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog log;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindFileByName("error.proto") == nullptr);
+    errors = log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(errors.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, ErrorWithErrorCollector) {
+  ErrorDescriptorDatabase error_database;
+  MockErrorCollector error_collector;
+  DescriptorPool pool(&error_database, &error_collector);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindFileByName("error.proto") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "error.proto: error2.proto: IMPORT: File recursively imports itself: "
+      "error.proto -> error2.proto -> error.proto\n"
+      "error2.proto: error.proto: IMPORT: Import \"error.proto\" was not "
+      "found or had errors.\n"
+      "error.proto: error2.proto: IMPORT: Import \"error2.proto\" was not "
+      "found or had errors.\n",
+      error_collector.text_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, UndeclaredDependencyOnUnbuiltType) {
+  // Check that we find and report undeclared dependencies on types that exist
+  // in the descriptor database but that have not not been built yet.
+  MockErrorCollector error_collector;
+  DescriptorPool pool(&database_, &error_collector);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindMessageTypeByName("Baz") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "baz.proto: Baz.foo: TYPE: \"Foo\" seems to be defined in \"foo.proto\", "
+      "which is not imported by \"baz.proto\".  To use it here, please add "
+      "the necessary import.\n",
+      error_collector.text_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, RollbackAfterError) {
+  // Make sure that all traces of bad types are removed from the pool. This used
+  // to be b/4529436, due to the fact that a symbol resolution failure could
+  // potentially cause another file to be recursively built, which would trigger
+  // a checkpoint _past_ possibly invalid symbols.
+  // Baz is defined in the database, but the file is invalid because it is
+  // missing a necessary import.
+  DescriptorPool pool(&database_);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindMessageTypeByName("Baz") == nullptr);
+  // Make sure that searching again for the file or the type fails.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindFileByName("baz.proto") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindMessageTypeByName("Baz") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, UnittestProto) {
+  // Try to load all of unittest.proto from a DescriptorDatabase.  This should
+  // thoroughly test all paths through DescriptorBuilder to insure that there
+  // are no deadlocking problems when pool_->mutex_ is non-null.
+  const FileDescriptor* original_file =
+      protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor()->file();
+
+  DescriptorPoolDatabase database(*DescriptorPool::generated_pool());
+  DescriptorPool pool(&database);
+  const FileDescriptor* file_from_database =
+      pool.FindFileByName(original_file->name());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file_from_database != nullptr);
+
+  FileDescriptorProto original_file_proto;
+  original_file->CopyTo(&original_file_proto);
+
+  FileDescriptorProto file_from_database_proto;
+  file_from_database->CopyTo(&file_from_database_proto);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(original_file_proto.DebugString(),
+            file_from_database_proto.DebugString());
+
+  // Also verify that CopyTo() did not omit any information.
+  EXPECT_EQ(original_file->DebugString(), file_from_database->DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, DoesntRetryDbUnnecessarily) {
+  // Searching for a child of an existing descriptor should never fall back
+  // to the DescriptorDatabase even if it isn't found, because we know all
+  // children are already loaded.
+  CallCountingDatabase call_counter(&database_);
+  DescriptorPool pool(&call_counter);
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool.FindFileByName("foo.proto");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+  const Descriptor* foo = pool.FindMessageTypeByName("Foo");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(foo != nullptr);
+  const EnumDescriptor* test_enum = pool.FindEnumTypeByName("TestEnum");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(test_enum != nullptr);
+  const ServiceDescriptor* test_service = pool.FindServiceByName("TestService");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(test_service != nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_NE(0, call_counter.call_count_);
+  call_counter.Clear();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo->FindFieldByName("no_such_field") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo->FindExtensionByName("no_such_extension") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo->FindNestedTypeByName("NoSuchMessageType") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo->FindEnumTypeByName("NoSuchEnumType") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo->FindEnumValueByName("NO_SUCH_VALUE") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(test_enum->FindValueByName("NO_SUCH_VALUE") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(test_service->FindMethodByName("NoSuchMethod") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file->FindMessageTypeByName("NoSuchMessageType") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file->FindEnumTypeByName("NoSuchEnumType") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file->FindEnumValueByName("NO_SUCH_VALUE") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file->FindServiceByName("NO_SUCH_VALUE") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file->FindExtensionByName("no_such_extension") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindFileContainingSymbol("Foo.no.such.field") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindFileContainingSymbol("Foo.no_such_field") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindMessageTypeByName("Foo.NoSuchMessageType") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindFieldByName("Foo.no_such_field") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindExtensionByName("Foo.no_such_extension") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindEnumTypeByName("Foo.NoSuchEnumType") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindEnumValueByName("Foo.NO_SUCH_VALUE") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindMethodByName("TestService.NoSuchMethod") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, call_counter.call_count_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, DoesntReloadFilesUncesessarily) {
+  // If FindFileContainingSymbol() or FindFileContainingExtension() return a
+  // file that is already in the DescriptorPool, it should not attempt to
+  // reload the file.
+  FalsePositiveDatabase false_positive_database(&database_);
+  MockErrorCollector error_collector;
+  DescriptorPool pool(&false_positive_database, &error_collector);
+
+  // First make sure foo.proto is loaded.
+  const Descriptor* foo = pool.FindMessageTypeByName("Foo");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(foo != nullptr);
+
+  // Try inducing false positives.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindMessageTypeByName("NoSuchSymbol") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindExtensionByNumber(foo, 22) == nullptr);
+
+  // No errors should have been reported.  (If foo.proto was incorrectly
+  // loaded multiple times, errors would have been reported.)
+  EXPECT_EQ("", error_collector.text_);
+}
+
+// DescriptorDatabase that attempts to induce exponentially-bad performance
+// in DescriptorPool. For every positive N, the database contains a file
+// fileN.proto, which defines a message MessageN, which contains fields of
+// type MessageK for all K in [0,N). Message0 is not defined anywhere
+// (file0.proto exists, but is empty), so every other file and message type
+// will fail to build.
+//
+// If the DescriptorPool is not careful to memoize errors, an attempt to
+// build a descriptor for MessageN can require O(2^N) time.
+class ExponentialErrorDatabase : public DescriptorDatabase {
+ public:
+  ExponentialErrorDatabase() {}
+  ~ExponentialErrorDatabase() {}
+
+  // implements DescriptorDatabase ---------------------------------
+  bool FindFileByName(const std::string& filename,
+                      FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+    int file_num = -1;
+    FullMatch(filename, "file", ".proto", &file_num);
+    if (file_num > -1) {
+      return PopulateFile(file_num, output);
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  bool FindFileContainingSymbol(const std::string& symbol_name,
+                                FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+    int file_num = -1;
+    FullMatch(symbol_name, "Message", "", &file_num);
+    if (file_num > 0) {
+      return PopulateFile(file_num, output);
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  bool FindFileContainingExtension(const std::string& containing_type,
+                                   int field_number,
+                                   FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void FullMatch(const std::string& name, const std::string& begin_with,
+                 const std::string& end_with, int* file_num) {
+    int begin_size = begin_with.size();
+    int end_size = end_with.size();
+    if (name.substr(0, begin_size) != begin_with ||
+        name.substr(name.size() - end_size, end_size) != end_with) {
+      return;
+    }
+    safe_strto32(
+        name.substr(begin_size, name.size() - end_size - begin_size), file_num);
+  }
+
+  bool PopulateFile(int file_num, FileDescriptorProto* output) {
+    using strings::Substitute;
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(file_num, 0);
+    output->Clear();
+    output->set_name(Substitute("file$0.proto", file_num));
+    // file0.proto doesn't define Message0
+    if (file_num > 0) {
+      DescriptorProto* message = output->add_message_type();
+      message->set_name(Substitute("Message$0", file_num));
+      for (int i = 0; i < file_num; ++i) {
+        output->add_dependency(Substitute("file$0.proto", i));
+        FieldDescriptorProto* field = message->add_field();
+        field->set_name(Substitute("field$0", i));
+        field->set_number(i);
+        field->set_label(FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL);
+        field->set_type(FieldDescriptorProto::TYPE_MESSAGE);
+        field->set_type_name(Substitute("Message$0", i));
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, DoesntReloadKnownBadFiles) {
+  ExponentialErrorDatabase error_database;
+  DescriptorPool pool(&error_database);
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "A timeout in this test probably indicates a real bug.";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindFileByName("file40.proto") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindMessageTypeByName("Message40") == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DatabaseBackedPoolTest, DoesntFallbackOnWrongType) {
+  // If a lookup finds a symbol of the wrong type (e.g. we pass a type name
+  // to FindFieldByName()), we should fail fast, without checking the fallback
+  // database.
+  CallCountingDatabase call_counter(&database_);
+  DescriptorPool pool(&call_counter);
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool.FindFileByName("foo.proto");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+  const Descriptor* foo = pool.FindMessageTypeByName("Foo");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(foo != nullptr);
+  const EnumDescriptor* test_enum = pool.FindEnumTypeByName("TestEnum");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(test_enum != nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_NE(0, call_counter.call_count_);
+  call_counter.Clear();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindMessageTypeByName("TestEnum") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindFieldByName("Foo") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindExtensionByName("Foo") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindEnumTypeByName("Foo") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindEnumValueByName("Foo") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindServiceByName("Foo") == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool.FindMethodByName("Foo") == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, call_counter.call_count_);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class AbortingErrorCollector : public DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  AbortingErrorCollector() {}
+
+  virtual void AddError(const std::string& filename,
+                        const std::string& element_name, const Message* message,
+                        ErrorLocation location,
+                        const std::string& error_message) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "AddError() called unexpectedly: " << filename << " ["
+               << element_name << "]: " << error_message;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(AbortingErrorCollector);
+};
+
+// A source tree containing only one file.
+class SingletonSourceTree : public compiler::SourceTree {
+ public:
+  SingletonSourceTree(const std::string& filename, const std::string& contents)
+      : filename_(filename), contents_(contents) {}
+
+  virtual io::ZeroCopyInputStream* Open(const std::string& filename) {
+    return filename == filename_
+               ? new io::ArrayInputStream(contents_.data(), contents_.size())
+               : nullptr;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const std::string filename_;
+  const std::string contents_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(SingletonSourceTree);
+};
+
+const char* const kSourceLocationTestInput =
+    "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+    "option java_package = \"com.foo.bar\";\n"
+    "option (test_file_opt) = \"foobar\";\n"
+    "message A {\n"
+    "  option (test_msg_opt) = \"foobar\";\n"
+    "  optional int32 a = 1 [deprecated = true];\n"
+    "  message B {\n"
+    "    required double b = 1 [(test_field_opt) = \"foobar\"];\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  oneof c {\n"
+    "    option (test_oneof_opt) = \"foobar\";\n"
+    "    string d = 2;\n"
+    "    string e = 3;\n"
+    "    string f = 4;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "enum Indecision {\n"
+    "  option (test_enum_opt) = 21;\n"
+    "  option (test_enum_opt) = 42;\n"
+    "  option (test_enum_opt) = 63;\n"
+    "  YES   = 1 [(test_enumval_opt).a = 100];\n"
+    "  NO    = 2 [(test_enumval_opt) = {a:200}];\n"
+    "  MAYBE = 3;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "service S {\n"
+    "  option (test_svc_opt) = {a:100};\n"
+    "  option (test_svc_opt) = {a:200};\n"
+    "  option (test_svc_opt) = {a:300};\n"
+    "  rpc Method(A) returns (A.B);\n"
+    // Put an empty line here to make the source location range match.
+    "\n"
+    "  rpc OtherMethod(A) returns (A) {\n"
+    "    option deprecated = true;\n"
+    "    option (test_method_opt) = \"foobar\";\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "message MessageWithExtensions {\n"
+    "  extensions 1000 to 2000, 2001 to max [(test_ext_opt) = \"foobar\"];\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "extend MessageWithExtensions {\n"
+    "  repeated int32 int32_extension = 1001 [packed=true];\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "message C {\n"
+    "  extend MessageWithExtensions {\n"
+    "    optional C message_extension = 1002;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "import \"google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\";\n"
+    "extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {\n"
+    "  optional string test_file_opt = 10101;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {\n"
+    "  optional string test_msg_opt = 10101;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {\n"
+    "  optional string test_field_opt = 10101;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "extend google.protobuf.EnumOptions {\n"
+    "  repeated int32 test_enum_opt = 10101;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "extend google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions {\n"
+    "  optional A test_enumval_opt = 10101;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "extend google.protobuf.ServiceOptions {\n"
+    "  repeated A test_svc_opt = 10101;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "extend google.protobuf.MethodOptions {\n"
+    "  optional string test_method_opt = 10101;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "extend google.protobuf.OneofOptions {\n"
+    "  optional string test_oneof_opt = 10101;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "extend google.protobuf.ExtensionRangeOptions {\n"
+    "  optional string test_ext_opt = 10101;\n"
+    "}\n";
+
+class SourceLocationTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  SourceLocationTest()
+      : source_tree_("/test/test.proto", kSourceLocationTestInput),
+        simple_db_(),
+        source_tree_db_(&source_tree_),
+        merged_db_(&simple_db_, &source_tree_db_),
+        pool_(&merged_db_, &collector_) {
+    // we need descriptor.proto to be accessible by the pool
+    // since our test file imports it
+    FileDescriptorProto::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(&file_proto_);
+    simple_db_.Add(file_proto_);
+  }
+
+  static std::string PrintSourceLocation(const SourceLocation& loc) {
+    return strings::Substitute("$0:$1-$2:$3", 1 + loc.start_line,
+                               1 + loc.start_column, 1 + loc.end_line,
+                               1 + loc.end_column);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FileDescriptorProto file_proto_;
+  AbortingErrorCollector collector_;
+  SingletonSourceTree source_tree_;
+  SimpleDescriptorDatabase simple_db_;  // contains descriptor.proto
+  compiler::SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase source_tree_db_;  // loads test.proto
+  MergedDescriptorDatabase merged_db_;  // combines above two dbs
+
+ protected:
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+
+  // tag number of all custom options in above test file
+  static const int kCustomOptionFieldNumber = 10101;
+  // tag number of field "a" in message type "A" in above test file
+  static const int kAFieldNumber = 1;
+};
+
+// TODO(adonovan): implement support for option fields and for
+// subparts of declarations.
+
+TEST_F(SourceLocationTest, GetSourceLocation) {
+  SourceLocation loc;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file_desc =
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(pool_.FindFileByName("/test/test.proto"));
+
+  const Descriptor* a_desc = file_desc->FindMessageTypeByName("A");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a_desc->GetSourceLocation(&loc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("4:1-16:2", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+  const Descriptor* a_b_desc = a_desc->FindNestedTypeByName("B");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a_b_desc->GetSourceLocation(&loc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("7:3-9:4", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+  const EnumDescriptor* e_desc = file_desc->FindEnumTypeByName("Indecision");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(e_desc->GetSourceLocation(&loc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("17:1-24:2", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* yes_desc = e_desc->FindValueByName("YES");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(yes_desc->GetSourceLocation(&loc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("21:3-21:42", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+  const ServiceDescriptor* s_desc = file_desc->FindServiceByName("S");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(s_desc->GetSourceLocation(&loc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("25:1-35:2", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+  const MethodDescriptor* m_desc = s_desc->FindMethodByName("Method");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_desc->GetSourceLocation(&loc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("29:3-29:31", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+}
+
+TEST_F(SourceLocationTest, ExtensionSourceLocation) {
+  SourceLocation loc;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file_desc =
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(pool_.FindFileByName("/test/test.proto"));
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* int32_extension_desc =
+      file_desc->FindExtensionByName("int32_extension");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(int32_extension_desc->GetSourceLocation(&loc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("40:3-40:55", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+  const Descriptor* c_desc = file_desc->FindMessageTypeByName("C");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(c_desc->GetSourceLocation(&loc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("42:1-46:2", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* message_extension_desc =
+      c_desc->FindExtensionByName("message_extension");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_extension_desc->GetSourceLocation(&loc));
+  EXPECT_EQ("44:5-44:41", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+}
+TEST_F(SourceLocationTest, InterpretedOptionSourceLocation) {
+  // This one's a doozy. It checks every kind of option, including
+  // extension range options.
+
+  // We are verifying that the file's source info contains correct
+  // info for interpreted options and that it does *not* contain
+  // any info for corresponding uninterpreted option path.
+
+  SourceLocation loc;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file_desc =
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(pool_.FindFileByName("/test/test.proto"));
+
+  // File options
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  FileOptions::kJavaPackageFieldNumber};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   FileOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber, 0};
+
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 2);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("2:1-2:37", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 3);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  kCustomOptionFieldNumber};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   FileOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber, 1};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 2);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("3:1-3:35", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 3);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+
+  // Message option
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber, 0,
+                  DescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  kCustomOptionFieldNumber};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber, 0,
+                   DescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   MessageOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber, 0};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 4);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("5:3-5:36", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 5);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+
+  // Field option
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber,
+                  0,
+                  DescriptorProto::kFieldFieldNumber,
+                  0,
+                  FieldDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  FieldOptions::kDeprecatedFieldNumber};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber,
+                   0,
+                   DescriptorProto::kFieldFieldNumber,
+                   0,
+                   FieldDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   FieldOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber,
+                   0};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 6);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("6:25-6:42", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 7);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+
+  // Nested message option
+  {
+    int path[] = {
+        FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber, 0,
+        DescriptorProto::kNestedTypeFieldNumber,      0,
+        DescriptorProto::kFieldFieldNumber,           0,
+        FieldDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,    kCustomOptionFieldNumber};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber,
+                   0,
+                   DescriptorProto::kNestedTypeFieldNumber,
+                   0,
+                   DescriptorProto::kFieldFieldNumber,
+                   0,
+                   FieldDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   FieldOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber,
+                   0};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 8);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("8:28-8:55", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 9);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+
+  // One-of option
+  {
+    int path[] = {
+        FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber, 0,
+        DescriptorProto::kOneofDeclFieldNumber,       0,
+        OneofDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,    kCustomOptionFieldNumber};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber,
+                   0,
+                   DescriptorProto::kOneofDeclFieldNumber,
+                   0,
+                   OneofDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   OneofOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber,
+                   0};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 6);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("11:5-11:40", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 7);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+
+  // Enum option, repeated options
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber, 0,
+                  EnumDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  kCustomOptionFieldNumber, 0};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber, 0,
+                   EnumDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   EnumOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber, 0};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 5);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("18:3-18:31", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 5);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber, 0,
+                  EnumDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  kCustomOptionFieldNumber, 1};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber, 0,
+                   EnumDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   EnumOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber, 1};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 5);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("19:3-19:31", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 5);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber, 0,
+                  EnumDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  kCustomOptionFieldNumber, 2};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber, 0,
+                   EnumDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   OneofOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber, 2};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 5);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("20:3-20:31", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 5);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+
+  // Enum value options
+  {
+    // option w/ message type that directly sets field
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber,
+                  0,
+                  EnumDescriptorProto::kValueFieldNumber,
+                  0,
+                  EnumValueDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  kCustomOptionFieldNumber,
+                  kAFieldNumber};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber,
+                   0,
+                   EnumDescriptorProto::kValueFieldNumber,
+                   0,
+                   EnumValueDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   EnumValueOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber,
+                   0};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 7);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("21:14-21:40", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 7);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber,
+                  0,
+                  EnumDescriptorProto::kValueFieldNumber,
+                  1,
+                  EnumValueDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  kCustomOptionFieldNumber};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber,
+                   0,
+                   EnumDescriptorProto::kValueFieldNumber,
+                   1,
+                   EnumValueDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   EnumValueOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber,
+                   0};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 6);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("22:14-22:42", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 7);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+
+  // Service option, repeated options
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kServiceFieldNumber, 0,
+                  ServiceDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  kCustomOptionFieldNumber, 0};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kServiceFieldNumber, 0,
+                   ServiceDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   ServiceOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber, 0};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 5);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("26:3-26:35", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 5);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kServiceFieldNumber, 0,
+                  ServiceDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  kCustomOptionFieldNumber, 1};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kServiceFieldNumber, 0,
+                   ServiceDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   ServiceOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber, 1};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 5);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("27:3-27:35", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 5);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kServiceFieldNumber, 0,
+                  ServiceDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  kCustomOptionFieldNumber, 2};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kServiceFieldNumber, 0,
+                   ServiceDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   ServiceOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber, 2};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 5);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("28:3-28:35", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 5);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+
+  // Method options
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kServiceFieldNumber,
+                  0,
+                  ServiceDescriptorProto::kMethodFieldNumber,
+                  1,
+                  MethodDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  MethodOptions::kDeprecatedFieldNumber};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kServiceFieldNumber,
+                   0,
+                   ServiceDescriptorProto::kMethodFieldNumber,
+                   1,
+                   MethodDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   MethodOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber,
+                   0};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 6);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("32:5-32:30", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 7);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+  {
+    int path[] = {
+        FileDescriptorProto::kServiceFieldNumber,   0,
+        ServiceDescriptorProto::kMethodFieldNumber, 1,
+        MethodDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber, kCustomOptionFieldNumber};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kServiceFieldNumber,
+                   0,
+                   ServiceDescriptorProto::kMethodFieldNumber,
+                   1,
+                   MethodDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   MethodOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber,
+                   1};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 6);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("33:5-33:41", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 7);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+
+  // Extension range options
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber, 1,
+                  DescriptorProto::kExtensionRangeFieldNumber, 0,
+                  DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::kOptionsFieldNumber};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 5);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("37:40-37:67", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+  }
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber,
+                  1,
+                  DescriptorProto::kExtensionRangeFieldNumber,
+                  0,
+                  DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  kCustomOptionFieldNumber};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber,
+                   1,
+                   DescriptorProto::kExtensionRangeFieldNumber,
+                   0,
+                   DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   ExtensionRangeOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber,
+                   0};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 6);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("37:41-37:66", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 7);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber,
+                  1,
+                  DescriptorProto::kExtensionRangeFieldNumber,
+                  1,
+                  DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  kCustomOptionFieldNumber};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber,
+                   1,
+                   DescriptorProto::kExtensionRangeFieldNumber,
+                   1,
+                   DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   ExtensionRangeOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber,
+                   0};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 6);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("37:41-37:66", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 7);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+
+  // Field option on extension
+  {
+    int path[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kExtensionFieldNumber, 0,
+                  FieldDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                  FieldOptions::kPackedFieldNumber};
+    int unint[] = {FileDescriptorProto::kExtensionFieldNumber, 0,
+                   FieldDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                   FieldOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber, 0};
+    std::vector<int> vpath(path, path + 4);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vpath, &loc));
+    EXPECT_EQ("40:42-40:53", PrintSourceLocation(loc));
+
+    std::vector<int> vunint(unint, unint + 5);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc->GetSourceLocation(vunint, &loc));
+  }
+}
+
+// Missing SourceCodeInfo doesn't cause crash:
+TEST_F(SourceLocationTest, GetSourceLocation_MissingSourceCodeInfo) {
+  SourceLocation loc;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file_desc =
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(pool_.FindFileByName("/test/test.proto"));
+
+  FileDescriptorProto proto;
+  file_desc->CopyTo(&proto);  // Note, this discards the SourceCodeInfo.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(proto.has_source_code_info());
+
+  DescriptorPool bad1_pool(&pool_);
+  const FileDescriptor* bad1_file_desc =
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(bad1_pool.BuildFile(proto));
+  const Descriptor* bad1_a_desc = bad1_file_desc->FindMessageTypeByName("A");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(bad1_a_desc->GetSourceLocation(&loc));
+}
+
+// Corrupt SourceCodeInfo doesn't cause crash:
+TEST_F(SourceLocationTest, GetSourceLocation_BogusSourceCodeInfo) {
+  SourceLocation loc;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file_desc =
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(pool_.FindFileByName("/test/test.proto"));
+
+  FileDescriptorProto proto;
+  file_desc->CopyTo(&proto);  // Note, this discards the SourceCodeInfo.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(proto.has_source_code_info());
+  SourceCodeInfo_Location* loc_msg =
+      proto.mutable_source_code_info()->add_location();
+  loc_msg->add_path(1);
+  loc_msg->add_path(2);
+  loc_msg->add_path(3);
+  loc_msg->add_span(4);
+  loc_msg->add_span(5);
+  loc_msg->add_span(6);
+
+  DescriptorPool bad2_pool(&pool_);
+  const FileDescriptor* bad2_file_desc =
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(bad2_pool.BuildFile(proto));
+  const Descriptor* bad2_a_desc = bad2_file_desc->FindMessageTypeByName("A");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(bad2_a_desc->GetSourceLocation(&loc));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+const char* const kCopySourceCodeInfoToTestInput =
+    "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+    "message Foo {}\n";
+
+// Required since source code information is not preserved by
+// FileDescriptorTest.
+class CopySourceCodeInfoToTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  CopySourceCodeInfoToTest()
+      : source_tree_("/test/test.proto", kCopySourceCodeInfoToTestInput),
+        db_(&source_tree_),
+        pool_(&db_, &collector_) {}
+
+ private:
+  AbortingErrorCollector collector_;
+  SingletonSourceTree source_tree_;
+  compiler::SourceTreeDescriptorDatabase db_;
+
+ protected:
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(CopySourceCodeInfoToTest, CopyTo_DoesNotCopySourceCodeInfo) {
+  const FileDescriptor* file_desc =
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(pool_.FindFileByName("/test/test.proto"));
+  FileDescriptorProto file_desc_proto;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(file_desc_proto.has_source_code_info());
+
+  file_desc->CopyTo(&file_desc_proto);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(file_desc_proto.has_source_code_info());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CopySourceCodeInfoToTest, CopySourceCodeInfoTo) {
+  const FileDescriptor* file_desc =
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(pool_.FindFileByName("/test/test.proto"));
+  FileDescriptorProto file_desc_proto;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(file_desc_proto.has_source_code_info());
+
+  file_desc->CopySourceCodeInfoTo(&file_desc_proto);
+  const SourceCodeInfo& info = file_desc_proto.source_code_info();
+  ASSERT_EQ(4, info.location_size());
+  // Get the Foo message location
+  const SourceCodeInfo_Location& foo_location = info.location(2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, foo_location.path_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber, foo_location.path(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, foo_location.path(1));      // Foo is the first message defined
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, foo_location.span_size());  // Foo spans one line
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, foo_location.span(0));      // Foo is declared on line 1
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, foo_location.span(1));      // Foo starts at column 0
+  EXPECT_EQ(14, foo_location.span(2));     // Foo ends on column 14
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class LazilyBuildDependenciesTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  LazilyBuildDependenciesTest() : pool_(&db_, nullptr) {
+    pool_.InternalSetLazilyBuildDependencies();
+  }
+
+  void ParseProtoAndAddToDb(const char* proto) {
+    FileDescriptorProto tmp;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(proto, &tmp));
+    db_.Add(tmp);
+  }
+
+  void ParseProtoAndAddToDb(const std::string& proto) {
+    FileDescriptorProto tmp;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(proto, &tmp));
+    db_.Add(tmp);
+  }
+
+  void AddSimpleMessageProtoFileToDb(const char* file_name,
+                                     const char* message_name) {
+    ParseProtoAndAddToDb("name: '" + std::string(file_name) +
+                         ".proto' "
+                         "package: \"protobuf_unittest\" "
+                         "message_type { "
+                         "  name:'" +
+                         std::string(message_name) +
+                         "' "
+                         "  field { name:'a' number:1 "
+                         "  label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+                         "  type_name:'int32' } "
+                         "}");
+  }
+
+  void AddSimpleEnumProtoFileToDb(const char* file_name, const char* enum_name,
+                                  const char* enum_value_name) {
+    ParseProtoAndAddToDb("name: '" + std::string(file_name) +
+                         ".proto' "
+                         "package: 'protobuf_unittest' "
+                         "enum_type { "
+                         "  name:'" +
+                         std::string(enum_name) +
+                         "' "
+                         "  value { name:'" +
+                         std::string(enum_value_name) +
+                         "' number:1 } "
+                         "}");
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  SimpleDescriptorDatabase db_;
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(LazilyBuildDependenciesTest, Message) {
+  ParseProtoAndAddToDb(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "package: 'protobuf_unittest' "
+      "dependency: 'bar.proto' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name:'Foo' "
+      "  field { name:'bar' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type_name:'.protobuf_unittest.Bar' } "
+      "}");
+  AddSimpleMessageProtoFileToDb("bar", "Bar");
+
+  // Verify neither has been built yet.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("foo.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("bar.proto"));
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool_.FindFileByName("foo.proto");
+
+  // Verify only foo gets built when asking for foo.proto
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("foo.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("bar.proto"));
+
+  // Verify calling FindFieldBy* works when the type of the field was
+  // not built at cross link time. Verify this doesn't build the file
+  // the field's type is defined in, as well.
+  const Descriptor* desc = file->FindMessageTypeByName("Foo");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = desc->FindFieldByName("bar");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field, desc->FindFieldByNumber(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(field, desc->FindFieldByLowercaseName("bar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(field, desc->FindFieldByCamelcaseName("bar"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("bar.proto"));
+
+  // Finally, verify that if we call message_type() on the field, we will
+  // buid the file where the message is defined, and get a valid descriptor
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field->message_type() != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("bar.proto"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(LazilyBuildDependenciesTest, Enum) {
+  ParseProtoAndAddToDb(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "package: 'protobuf_unittest' "
+      "dependency: 'enum1.proto' "
+      "dependency: 'enum2.proto' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name:'Lazy' "
+      "  field { name:'enum1' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type_name:'.protobuf_unittest.Enum1' } "
+      "  field { name:'enum2' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type_name:'.protobuf_unittest.Enum2' } "
+      "}");
+  AddSimpleEnumProtoFileToDb("enum1", "Enum1", "ENUM1");
+  AddSimpleEnumProtoFileToDb("enum2", "Enum2", "ENUM2");
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool_.FindFileByName("foo.proto");
+
+  // Verify calling enum_type() on a field whose definition is not
+  // yet built will build the file and return a descriptor.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("enum1.proto"));
+  const Descriptor* desc = file->FindMessageTypeByName("Lazy");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(desc != nullptr);
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = desc->FindFieldByName("enum1");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field->enum_type() != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("enum1.proto"));
+
+  // Verify calling default_value_enum() on a field whose definition is not
+  // yet built will build the file and return a descriptor to the value.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("enum2.proto"));
+  field = desc->FindFieldByName("enum2");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field->default_value_enum() != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("enum2.proto"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(LazilyBuildDependenciesTest, Type) {
+  ParseProtoAndAddToDb(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "package: 'protobuf_unittest' "
+      "dependency: 'message1.proto' "
+      "dependency: 'message2.proto' "
+      "dependency: 'enum1.proto' "
+      "dependency: 'enum2.proto' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name:'Lazy' "
+      "  field { name:'message1' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type_name:'.protobuf_unittest.Message1' } "
+      "  field { name:'message2' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type_name:'.protobuf_unittest.Message2' } "
+      "  field { name:'enum1' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type_name:'.protobuf_unittest.Enum1' } "
+      "  field { name:'enum2' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type_name:'.protobuf_unittest.Enum2' } "
+      "}");
+  AddSimpleMessageProtoFileToDb("message1", "Message1");
+  AddSimpleMessageProtoFileToDb("message2", "Message2");
+  AddSimpleEnumProtoFileToDb("enum1", "Enum1", "ENUM1");
+  AddSimpleEnumProtoFileToDb("enum2", "Enum2", "ENUM2");
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool_.FindFileByName("foo.proto");
+
+  // Verify calling type() on a field that is a message type will
+  // build the type defined in another file.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("message1.proto"));
+  const Descriptor* desc = file->FindMessageTypeByName("Lazy");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(desc != nullptr);
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = desc->FindFieldByName("message1");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field->type(), FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("message1.proto"));
+
+  // Verify calling cpp_type() on a field that is a message type will
+  // build the type defined in another file.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("message2.proto"));
+  field = desc->FindFieldByName("message2");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field->cpp_type(), FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("message2.proto"));
+
+  // Verify calling type() on a field that is an enum type will
+  // build the type defined in another file.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("enum1.proto"));
+  field = desc->FindFieldByName("enum1");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field->type(), FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("enum1.proto"));
+
+  // Verify calling cpp_type() on a field that is an enum type will
+  // build the type defined in another file.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("enum2.proto"));
+  field = desc->FindFieldByName("enum2");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field->cpp_type(), FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("enum2.proto"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(LazilyBuildDependenciesTest, Extension) {
+  ParseProtoAndAddToDb(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "package: 'protobuf_unittest' "
+      "dependency: 'bar.proto' "
+      "dependency: 'baz.proto' "
+      "extension { extendee: '.protobuf_unittest.Bar' name:'bar' number:11"
+      "            label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type_name:'.protobuf_unittest.Baz' }");
+  ParseProtoAndAddToDb(
+      "name: 'bar.proto' "
+      "package: 'protobuf_unittest' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name:'Bar' "
+      "  extension_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+      "}");
+  AddSimpleMessageProtoFileToDb("baz", "Baz");
+
+  // Verify none have been built yet.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("foo.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("bar.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("baz.proto"));
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool_.FindFileByName("foo.proto");
+
+  // Verify foo.bar gets loaded, and bar.proto gets loaded
+  // to register the extension. baz.proto should not get loaded.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(file != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("foo.proto"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("bar.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("baz.proto"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(LazilyBuildDependenciesTest, Service) {
+  ParseProtoAndAddToDb(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "package: 'protobuf_unittest' "
+      "dependency: 'message1.proto' "
+      "dependency: 'message2.proto' "
+      "dependency: 'message3.proto' "
+      "dependency: 'message4.proto' "
+      "service {"
+      "  name: 'LazyService'"
+      "  method { name: 'A' input_type:  '.protobuf_unittest.Message1' "
+      "                     output_type: '.protobuf_unittest.Message2' }"
+      "}");
+  AddSimpleMessageProtoFileToDb("message1", "Message1");
+  AddSimpleMessageProtoFileToDb("message2", "Message2");
+  AddSimpleMessageProtoFileToDb("message3", "Message3");
+  AddSimpleMessageProtoFileToDb("message4", "Message4");
+
+  const FileDescriptor* file = pool_.FindFileByName("foo.proto");
+
+  // Verify calling FindServiceByName or FindMethodByName doesn't build the
+  // files defining the input and output type, and input_type() and
+  // output_type() does indeed build the appropriate files.
+  const ServiceDescriptor* service = file->FindServiceByName("LazyService");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(service != nullptr);
+  const MethodDescriptor* method = service->FindMethodByName("A");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("message1.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("message2.proto"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(method != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(method->input_type() != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("message1.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("message2.proto"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(method->output_type() != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("message2.proto"));
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(LazilyBuildDependenciesTest, GeneratedFile) {
+  // Most testing is done with custom pools with lazy dependencies forced on,
+  // do some sanity checking that lazy imports is on by default for the
+  // generated pool, and do custom options testing with generated to
+  // be able to use the GetExtension ids for the custom options.
+
+  // Verify none of the files are loaded yet.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->InternalIsFileLoaded(
+      "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->InternalIsFileLoaded(
+      "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_custom_option.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->InternalIsFileLoaded(
+      "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_enum.proto"));
+
+  // Verify calling autogenerated function to get a descriptor in the base
+  // file will build that file but none of it's imports. This verifies that
+  // lazily_build_dependencies_ is set on the generated pool, and also that
+  // the generated function "descriptor()" doesn't somehow subvert the laziness
+  // by manually loading the dependencies or something.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(protobuf_unittest::lazy_imports::ImportedMessage::descriptor() !=
+              nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->InternalIsFileLoaded(
+      "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->InternalIsFileLoaded(
+      "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_custom_option.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->InternalIsFileLoaded(
+      "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_enum.proto"));
+
+  // Verify custom options work when defined in an import that isn't loaded,
+  // and that a non-default value of a custom option doesn't load the file
+  // where that enum is defined.
+  const MessageOptions& options =
+      protobuf_unittest::lazy_imports::MessageCustomOption::descriptor()
+          ->options();
+  protobuf_unittest::lazy_imports::LazyEnum custom_option_value =
+      options.GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::lazy_imports::lazy_enum_option);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->InternalIsFileLoaded(
+      "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_custom_option.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->InternalIsFileLoaded(
+      "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_enum.proto"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(custom_option_value, protobuf_unittest::lazy_imports::LAZY_ENUM_1);
+
+  const MessageOptions& options2 =
+      protobuf_unittest::lazy_imports::MessageCustomOption2::descriptor()
+          ->options();
+  custom_option_value =
+      options2.GetExtension(protobuf_unittest::lazy_imports::lazy_enum_option);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->InternalIsFileLoaded(
+      "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_custom_option.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->InternalIsFileLoaded(
+      "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_enum.proto"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(custom_option_value, protobuf_unittest::lazy_imports::LAZY_ENUM_0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LazilyBuildDependenciesTest, Dependency) {
+  ParseProtoAndAddToDb(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "package: 'protobuf_unittest' "
+      "dependency: 'bar.proto' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name:'Foo' "
+      "  field { name:'bar' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type_name:'.protobuf_unittest.Bar' } "
+      "}");
+  ParseProtoAndAddToDb(
+      "name: 'bar.proto' "
+      "package: 'protobuf_unittest' "
+      "dependency: 'baz.proto' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name:'Bar' "
+      "  field { name:'baz' number:1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "type_name:'.protobuf_unittest.Baz' } "
+      "}");
+  AddSimpleMessageProtoFileToDb("baz", "Baz");
+
+  const FileDescriptor* foo_file = pool_.FindFileByName("foo.proto");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foo_file != nullptr);
+  // As expected, requesting foo.proto shouldn't build it's dependencies
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("foo.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("bar.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("baz.proto"));
+
+  // Verify calling dependency(N) will build the dependency, but
+  // not that file's dependencies.
+  const FileDescriptor* bar_file = foo_file->dependency(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(bar_file != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("bar.proto"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(pool_.InternalIsFileLoaded("baz.proto"));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+}  // namespace descriptor_unittest
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/drop_unknown_fields_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/drop_unknown_fields_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..55b9ecd38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/drop_unknown_fields_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_drop_unknown_fields.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+using unittest_drop_unknown_fields::Foo;
+using unittest_drop_unknown_fields::FooWithExtraFields;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+TEST(DropUnknownFieldsTest, GeneratedMessage) {
+  FooWithExtraFields foo_with_extra_fields;
+  foo_with_extra_fields.set_int32_value(1);
+  foo_with_extra_fields.set_enum_value(FooWithExtraFields::QUX);
+  foo_with_extra_fields.set_extra_int32_value(2);
+
+  Foo foo;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(foo.ParseFromString(foo_with_extra_fields.SerializeAsString()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, foo.int32_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(FooWithExtraFields::QUX),
+            static_cast<int>(foo.enum_value()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo.GetReflection()->GetUnknownFields(foo).empty());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(foo_with_extra_fields.ParseFromString(foo.SerializeAsString()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, foo_with_extra_fields.int32_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FooWithExtraFields::QUX, foo_with_extra_fields.enum_value());
+  // The "extra_int32_value" field should not be lost.
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, foo_with_extra_fields.extra_int32_value());
+}
+
+TEST(DropUnknownFieldsTest, DynamicMessage) {
+  FooWithExtraFields foo_with_extra_fields;
+  foo_with_extra_fields.set_int32_value(1);
+  foo_with_extra_fields.set_enum_value(FooWithExtraFields::QUX);
+  foo_with_extra_fields.set_extra_int32_value(2);
+
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> foo(factory.GetPrototype(Foo::descriptor())->New());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(foo->ParseFromString(foo_with_extra_fields.SerializeAsString()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo->GetReflection()->GetUnknownFields(*foo).empty());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(foo_with_extra_fields.ParseFromString(foo->SerializeAsString()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, foo_with_extra_fields.int32_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FooWithExtraFields::QUX, foo_with_extra_fields.enum_value());
+  // The "extra_int32_value" field should not be lost.
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, foo_with_extra_fields.extra_int32_value());
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56775065e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/duration.proto
+
+#include <google/protobuf/duration.pb.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class DurationDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Duration> _instance;
+} _Duration_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_Duration_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Duration_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Duration();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Duration::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_Duration_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_Duration_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto[1];
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor const** file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto = nullptr;
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor const** file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto = nullptr;
+
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto::offsets[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Duration, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Duration, seconds_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Duration, nanos_),
+};
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MigrationSchema schemas[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  { 0, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Duration)},
+};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message const * const file_default_instances[] = {
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Duration_default_instance_),
+};
+
+const char descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
+  "\n\036google/protobuf/duration.proto\022\017google"
+  ".protobuf\"*\n\010Duration\022\017\n\007seconds\030\001 \001(\003\022\r"
+  "\n\005nanos\030\002 \001(\005B|\n\023com.google.protobufB\rDu"
+  "rationProtoP\001Z*github.com/golang/protobu"
+  "f/ptypes/duration\370\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Prot"
+  "obuf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3"
+  ;
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_deps[1] = {
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_sccs[1] = {
+  &scc_info_Duration_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto.base,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_once;
+static bool descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_initialized = false;
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto = {
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_initialized, descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto, "google/protobuf/duration.proto", 227,
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_once, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_sccs, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_deps, 1, 0,
+  schemas, file_default_instances, TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto::offsets,
+  file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto, 1, file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto, file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto,
+};
+
+// Force running AddDescriptors() at dynamic initialization time.
+static bool dynamic_init_dummy_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto = (  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AddDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto), true);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Duration::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class Duration::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+Duration::Duration()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Duration)
+}
+Duration::Duration(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Duration)
+}
+Duration::Duration(const Duration& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::memcpy(&seconds_, &from.seconds_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&nanos_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&seconds_)) + sizeof(nanos_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Duration)
+}
+
+void Duration::SharedCtor() {
+  ::memset(&seconds_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&nanos_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&seconds_)) + sizeof(nanos_));
+}
+
+Duration::~Duration() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Duration::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void Duration::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Duration* _this = reinterpret_cast< Duration* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Duration::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void Duration::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Duration& Duration::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_Duration_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Duration::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  ::memset(&seconds_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&nanos_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&seconds_)) + sizeof(nanos_));
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Duration::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // int64 seconds = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          seconds_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // int32 nanos = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          nanos_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Duration::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // int64 seconds = 1;
+  if (this->seconds() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt64ToArray(1, this->_internal_seconds(), target);
+  }
+
+  // int32 nanos = 2;
+  if (this->nanos() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(2, this->_internal_nanos(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Duration::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // int64 seconds = 1;
+  if (this->seconds() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int64Size(
+        this->_internal_seconds());
+  }
+
+  // int32 nanos = 2;
+  if (this->nanos() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+        this->_internal_nanos());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Duration::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Duration* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Duration>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Duration)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Duration)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Duration::MergeFrom(const Duration& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (from.seconds() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_seconds(from._internal_seconds());
+  }
+  if (from.nanos() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_nanos(from._internal_nanos());
+  }
+}
+
+void Duration::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Duration::CopyFrom(const Duration& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Duration::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Duration::InternalSwap(Duration* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(seconds_, other->seconds_);
+  swap(nanos_, other->nanos_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Duration::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Duration* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Duration >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Duration >(arena);
+}
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2efc3c3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/duration.proto
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3011000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3011004 < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace internal {
+class AnyMetadata;
+}  // namespace internal
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto {
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTableField entries[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTable schema[1]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 offsets[];
+};
+extern PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class Duration;
+class DurationDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern DurationDefaultTypeInternal _Duration_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Duration* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Duration>(Arena*);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Duration :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Duration) */ {
+ public:
+  Duration();
+  virtual ~Duration();
+
+  Duration(const Duration& from);
+  Duration(Duration&& from) noexcept
+    : Duration() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Duration& operator=(const Duration& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Duration& operator=(Duration&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Duration& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Duration* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Duration*>(
+               &_Duration_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    0;
+
+  friend void swap(Duration& a, Duration& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Duration* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Duration* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Duration* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Duration>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Duration* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Duration>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Duration& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Duration& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Duration* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Duration";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit Duration(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kSecondsFieldNumber = 1,
+    kNanosFieldNumber = 2,
+  };
+  // int64 seconds = 1;
+  void clear_seconds();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 seconds() const;
+  void set_seconds(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 _internal_seconds() const;
+  void _internal_set_seconds(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value);
+  public:
+
+  // int32 nanos = 2;
+  void clear_nanos();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 nanos() const;
+  void set_nanos(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_nanos() const;
+  void _internal_set_nanos(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Duration)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 seconds_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 nanos_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// Duration
+
+// int64 seconds = 1;
+inline void Duration::clear_seconds() {
+  seconds_ = PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(0);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 Duration::_internal_seconds() const {
+  return seconds_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 Duration::seconds() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Duration.seconds)
+  return _internal_seconds();
+}
+inline void Duration::_internal_set_seconds(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value) {
+  
+  seconds_ = value;
+}
+inline void Duration::set_seconds(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value) {
+  _internal_set_seconds(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Duration.seconds)
+}
+
+// int32 nanos = 2;
+inline void Duration::clear_nanos() {
+  nanos_ = 0;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Duration::_internal_nanos() const {
+  return nanos_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Duration::nanos() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Duration.nanos)
+  return _internal_nanos();
+}
+inline void Duration::_internal_set_nanos(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  
+  nanos_ = value;
+}
+inline void Duration::set_nanos(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_nanos(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Duration.nanos)
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/duration.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/duration.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99cb102c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/duration.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option go_package = "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/duration";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "DurationProto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+// A Duration represents a signed, fixed-length span of time represented
+// as a count of seconds and fractions of seconds at nanosecond
+// resolution. It is independent of any calendar and concepts like "day"
+// or "month". It is related to Timestamp in that the difference between
+// two Timestamp values is a Duration and it can be added or subtracted
+// from a Timestamp. Range is approximately +-10,000 years.
+//
+// # Examples
+//
+// Example 1: Compute Duration from two Timestamps in pseudo code.
+//
+//     Timestamp start = ...;
+//     Timestamp end = ...;
+//     Duration duration = ...;
+//
+//     duration.seconds = end.seconds - start.seconds;
+//     duration.nanos = end.nanos - start.nanos;
+//
+//     if (duration.seconds < 0 && duration.nanos > 0) {
+//       duration.seconds += 1;
+//       duration.nanos -= 1000000000;
+//     } else if (duration.seconds > 0 && duration.nanos < 0) {
+//       duration.seconds -= 1;
+//       duration.nanos += 1000000000;
+//     }
+//
+// Example 2: Compute Timestamp from Timestamp + Duration in pseudo code.
+//
+//     Timestamp start = ...;
+//     Duration duration = ...;
+//     Timestamp end = ...;
+//
+//     end.seconds = start.seconds + duration.seconds;
+//     end.nanos = start.nanos + duration.nanos;
+//
+//     if (end.nanos < 0) {
+//       end.seconds -= 1;
+//       end.nanos += 1000000000;
+//     } else if (end.nanos >= 1000000000) {
+//       end.seconds += 1;
+//       end.nanos -= 1000000000;
+//     }
+//
+// Example 3: Compute Duration from datetime.timedelta in Python.
+//
+//     td = datetime.timedelta(days=3, minutes=10)
+//     duration = Duration()
+//     duration.FromTimedelta(td)
+//
+// # JSON Mapping
+//
+// In JSON format, the Duration type is encoded as a string rather than an
+// object, where the string ends in the suffix "s" (indicating seconds) and
+// is preceded by the number of seconds, with nanoseconds expressed as
+// fractional seconds. For example, 3 seconds with 0 nanoseconds should be
+// encoded in JSON format as "3s", while 3 seconds and 1 nanosecond should
+// be expressed in JSON format as "3.000000001s", and 3 seconds and 1
+// microsecond should be expressed in JSON format as "3.000001s".
+//
+//
+message Duration {
+  // Signed seconds of the span of time. Must be from -315,576,000,000
+  // to +315,576,000,000 inclusive. Note: these bounds are computed from:
+  // 60 sec/min * 60 min/hr * 24 hr/day * 365.25 days/year * 10000 years
+  int64 seconds = 1;
+
+  // Signed fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution of the span
+  // of time. Durations less than one second are represented with a 0
+  // `seconds` field and a positive or negative `nanos` field. For durations
+  // of one second or more, a non-zero value for the `nanos` field must be
+  // of the same sign as the `seconds` field. Must be from -999,999,999
+  // to +999,999,999 inclusive.
+  int32 nanos = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ef5dd9a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,876 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// DynamicMessage is implemented by constructing a data structure which
+// has roughly the same memory layout as a generated message would have.
+// Then, we use Reflection to implement our reflection interface.  All
+// the other operations we need to implement (e.g.  parsing, copying,
+// etc.) are already implemented in terms of Reflection, so the rest is
+// easy.
+//
+// The up side of this strategy is that it's very efficient.  We don't
+// need to use hash_maps or generic representations of fields.  The
+// down side is that this is a low-level memory management hack which
+// can be tricky to get right.
+//
+// As mentioned in the header, we only expose a DynamicMessageFactory
+// publicly, not the DynamicMessage class itself.  This is because
+// GenericMessageReflection wants to have a pointer to a "default"
+// copy of the class, with all fields initialized to their default
+// values.  We only want to construct one of these per message type,
+// so DynamicMessageFactory stores a cache of default messages for
+// each type it sees (each unique Descriptor pointer).  The code
+// refers to the "default" copy of the class as the "prototype".
+//
+// Note on memory allocation:  This module often calls "operator new()"
+// to allocate untyped memory, rather than calling something like
+// "new uint8[]".  This is because "operator new()" means "Give me some
+// space which I can use as I please." while "new uint8[]" means "Give
+// me an array of 8-bit integers.".  In practice, the later may return
+// a pointer that is not aligned correctly for general use.  I believe
+// Item 8 of "More Effective C++" discusses this in more detail, though
+// I don't have the book on me right now so I'm not sure.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <memory>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+using internal::DynamicMapField;
+using internal::ExtensionSet;
+using internal::InternalMetadataWithArena;
+using internal::MapField;
+
+
+using internal::ArenaStringPtr;
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Some helper tables and functions...
+
+namespace {
+
+bool IsMapFieldInApi(const FieldDescriptor* field) { return field->is_map(); }
+
+// Compute the byte size of the in-memory representation of the field.
+int FieldSpaceUsed(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  typedef FieldDescriptor FD;  // avoid line wrapping
+  if (field->label() == FD::LABEL_REPEATED) {
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        return sizeof(RepeatedField<int32>);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        return sizeof(RepeatedField<int64>);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        return sizeof(RepeatedField<uint32>);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+        return sizeof(RepeatedField<uint64>);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+        return sizeof(RepeatedField<double>);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+        return sizeof(RepeatedField<float>);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+        return sizeof(RepeatedField<bool>);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+        return sizeof(RepeatedField<int>);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+          return sizeof(DynamicMapField);
+        } else {
+          return sizeof(RepeatedPtrField<Message>);
+        }
+
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+          default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+          case FieldOptions::STRING:
+            return sizeof(RepeatedPtrField<std::string>);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  } else {
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        return sizeof(int32);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        return sizeof(int64);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        return sizeof(uint32);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+        return sizeof(uint64);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+        return sizeof(double);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+        return sizeof(float);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+        return sizeof(bool);
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+        return sizeof(int);
+
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        return sizeof(Message*);
+
+      case FD::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+          default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+          case FieldOptions::STRING:
+            return sizeof(ArenaStringPtr);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Compute the byte size of in-memory representation of the oneof fields
+// in default oneof instance.
+int OneofFieldSpaceUsed(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  typedef FieldDescriptor FD;  // avoid line wrapping
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FD::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return sizeof(int32);
+    case FD::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return sizeof(int64);
+    case FD::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return sizeof(uint32);
+    case FD::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return sizeof(uint64);
+    case FD::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return sizeof(double);
+    case FD::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return sizeof(float);
+    case FD::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return sizeof(bool);
+    case FD::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return sizeof(int);
+
+    case FD::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return sizeof(Message*);
+
+    case FD::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+        default:
+        case FieldOptions::STRING:
+          return sizeof(ArenaStringPtr);
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return 0;
+}
+
+inline int DivideRoundingUp(int i, int j) { return (i + (j - 1)) / j; }
+
+static const int kSafeAlignment = sizeof(uint64);
+static const int kMaxOneofUnionSize = sizeof(uint64);
+
+inline int AlignTo(int offset, int alignment) {
+  return DivideRoundingUp(offset, alignment) * alignment;
+}
+
+// Rounds the given byte offset up to the next offset aligned such that any
+// type may be stored at it.
+inline int AlignOffset(int offset) { return AlignTo(offset, kSafeAlignment); }
+
+#define bitsizeof(T) (sizeof(T) * 8)
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class DynamicMessage : public Message {
+ public:
+  struct TypeInfo {
+    int size;
+    int has_bits_offset;
+    int oneof_case_offset;
+    int internal_metadata_offset;
+    int extensions_offset;
+
+    // Not owned by the TypeInfo.
+    DynamicMessageFactory* factory;  // The factory that created this object.
+    const DescriptorPool* pool;      // The factory's DescriptorPool.
+    const Descriptor* type;          // Type of this DynamicMessage.
+
+    // Warning:  The order in which the following pointers are defined is
+    //   important (the prototype must be deleted *before* the offsets).
+    std::unique_ptr<uint32[]> offsets;
+    std::unique_ptr<uint32[]> has_bits_indices;
+    std::unique_ptr<const Reflection> reflection;
+    // Don't use a unique_ptr to hold the prototype: the destructor for
+    // DynamicMessage needs to know whether it is the prototype, and does so by
+    // looking back at this field. This would assume details about the
+    // implementation of unique_ptr.
+    const DynamicMessage* prototype;
+    int weak_field_map_offset;  // The offset for the weak_field_map;
+
+    TypeInfo() : prototype(NULL) {}
+
+    ~TypeInfo() { delete prototype; }
+  };
+
+  DynamicMessage(const TypeInfo* type_info);
+
+  // This should only be used by GetPrototypeNoLock() to avoid dead lock.
+  DynamicMessage(TypeInfo* type_info, bool lock_factory);
+
+  ~DynamicMessage();
+
+  // Called on the prototype after construction to initialize message fields.
+  void CrossLinkPrototypes();
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  Message* New() const override;
+  Message* New(Arena* arena) const override;
+  Arena* GetArena() const override { return arena_; }
+
+  int GetCachedSize() const override;
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const override;
+
+  Metadata GetMetadata() const override;
+
+  // We actually allocate more memory than sizeof(*this) when this
+  // class's memory is allocated via the global operator new. Thus, we need to
+  // manually call the global operator delete. Calling the destructor is taken
+  // care of for us. This makes DynamicMessage compatible with -fsized-delete.
+  // It doesn't work for MSVC though.
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+  static void operator delete(void* ptr) { ::operator delete(ptr); }
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+ private:
+  DynamicMessage(const TypeInfo* type_info, Arena* arena);
+
+  void SharedCtor(bool lock_factory);
+
+  inline bool is_prototype() const {
+    return type_info_->prototype == this ||
+           // If type_info_->prototype is NULL, then we must be constructing
+           // the prototype now, which means we must be the prototype.
+           type_info_->prototype == NULL;
+  }
+
+  inline void* OffsetToPointer(int offset) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(this) + offset;
+  }
+  inline const void* OffsetToPointer(int offset) const {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(this) + offset;
+  }
+
+  const TypeInfo* type_info_;
+  Arena* const arena_;
+  mutable std::atomic<int> cached_byte_size_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(DynamicMessage);
+};
+
+DynamicMessage::DynamicMessage(const TypeInfo* type_info)
+    : type_info_(type_info), arena_(NULL), cached_byte_size_(0) {
+  SharedCtor(true);
+}
+
+DynamicMessage::DynamicMessage(const TypeInfo* type_info, Arena* arena)
+    : type_info_(type_info), arena_(arena), cached_byte_size_(0) {
+  SharedCtor(true);
+}
+
+DynamicMessage::DynamicMessage(TypeInfo* type_info, bool lock_factory)
+    : type_info_(type_info), arena_(NULL), cached_byte_size_(0) {
+  // The prototype in type_info has to be set before creating the prototype
+  // instance on memory. e.g., message Foo { map<int32, Foo> a = 1; }. When
+  // creating prototype for Foo, prototype of the map entry will also be
+  // created, which needs the address of the prototype of Foo (the value in
+  // map). To break the cyclic dependency, we have to assign the address of
+  // prototype into type_info first.
+  type_info->prototype = this;
+  SharedCtor(lock_factory);
+}
+
+void DynamicMessage::SharedCtor(bool lock_factory) {
+  // We need to call constructors for various fields manually and set
+  // default values where appropriate.  We use placement new to call
+  // constructors.  If you haven't heard of placement new, I suggest Googling
+  // it now.  We use placement new even for primitive types that don't have
+  // constructors for consistency.  (In theory, placement new should be used
+  // any time you are trying to convert untyped memory to typed memory, though
+  // in practice that's not strictly necessary for types that don't have a
+  // constructor.)
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = type_info_->type;
+  // Initialize oneof cases.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+    new (OffsetToPointer(type_info_->oneof_case_offset + sizeof(uint32) * i))
+        uint32(0);
+  }
+
+  new (OffsetToPointer(type_info_->internal_metadata_offset))
+      InternalMetadataWithArena(arena_);
+
+  if (type_info_->extensions_offset != -1) {
+    new (OffsetToPointer(type_info_->extensions_offset)) ExtensionSet(arena_);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor->field(i);
+    void* field_ptr = OffsetToPointer(type_info_->offsets[i]);
+    if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(CPPTYPE, TYPE)                         \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE:                 \
+    if (!field->is_repeated()) {                           \
+      new (field_ptr) TYPE(field->default_value_##TYPE()); \
+    } else {                                               \
+      new (field_ptr) RepeatedField<TYPE>(arena_);         \
+    }                                                      \
+    break;
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+        if (!field->is_repeated()) {
+          new (field_ptr) int(field->default_value_enum()->number());
+        } else {
+          new (field_ptr) RepeatedField<int>(arena_);
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+          default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+          case FieldOptions::STRING:
+            if (!field->is_repeated()) {
+              const std::string* default_value;
+              if (is_prototype()) {
+                default_value = &field->default_value_string();
+              } else {
+                default_value = &(reinterpret_cast<const ArenaStringPtr*>(
+                                      type_info_->prototype->OffsetToPointer(
+                                          type_info_->offsets[i]))
+                                      ->Get());
+              }
+              ArenaStringPtr* asp = new (field_ptr) ArenaStringPtr();
+              asp->UnsafeSetDefault(default_value);
+            } else {
+              new (field_ptr) RepeatedPtrField<std::string>(arena_);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        if (!field->is_repeated()) {
+          new (field_ptr) Message*(NULL);
+        } else {
+          if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+            // We need to lock in most cases to avoid data racing. Only not lock
+            // when the constructor is called inside GetPrototype(), in which
+            // case we have already locked the factory.
+            if (lock_factory) {
+              if (arena_ != NULL) {
+                new (field_ptr) DynamicMapField(
+                    type_info_->factory->GetPrototype(field->message_type()),
+                    arena_);
+              } else {
+                new (field_ptr) DynamicMapField(
+                    type_info_->factory->GetPrototype(field->message_type()));
+              }
+            } else {
+              if (arena_ != NULL) {
+                new (field_ptr)
+                    DynamicMapField(type_info_->factory->GetPrototypeNoLock(
+                                        field->message_type()),
+                                    arena_);
+              } else {
+                new (field_ptr)
+                    DynamicMapField(type_info_->factory->GetPrototypeNoLock(
+                        field->message_type()));
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            new (field_ptr) RepeatedPtrField<Message>(arena_);
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+DynamicMessage::~DynamicMessage() {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = type_info_->type;
+
+  reinterpret_cast<InternalMetadataWithArena*>(
+      OffsetToPointer(type_info_->internal_metadata_offset))
+      ->~InternalMetadataWithArena();
+
+  if (type_info_->extensions_offset != -1) {
+    reinterpret_cast<ExtensionSet*>(
+        OffsetToPointer(type_info_->extensions_offset))
+        ->~ExtensionSet();
+  }
+
+  // We need to manually run the destructors for repeated fields and strings,
+  // just as we ran their constructors in the DynamicMessage constructor.
+  // We also need to manually delete oneof fields if it is set and is string
+  // or message.
+  // Additionally, if any singular embedded messages have been allocated, we
+  // need to delete them, UNLESS we are the prototype message of this type,
+  // in which case any embedded messages are other prototypes and shouldn't
+  // be touched.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor->field(i);
+    if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      void* field_ptr =
+          OffsetToPointer(type_info_->oneof_case_offset +
+                          sizeof(uint32) * field->containing_oneof()->index());
+      if (*(reinterpret_cast<const uint32*>(field_ptr)) == field->number()) {
+        field_ptr = OffsetToPointer(
+            type_info_->offsets[descriptor->field_count() +
+                                field->containing_oneof()->index()]);
+        if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING) {
+          switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+            default:
+            case FieldOptions::STRING: {
+              const std::string* default_value =
+                  &(reinterpret_cast<const ArenaStringPtr*>(
+                        reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(type_info_->prototype) +
+                        type_info_->offsets[i])
+                        ->Get());
+              reinterpret_cast<ArenaStringPtr*>(field_ptr)->Destroy(
+                  default_value, NULL);
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+            delete *reinterpret_cast<Message**>(field_ptr);
+        }
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    void* field_ptr = OffsetToPointer(type_info_->offsets[i]);
+
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE)                  \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE:               \
+    reinterpret_cast<RepeatedField<LOWERCASE>*>(field_ptr) \
+        ->~RepeatedField<LOWERCASE>();                     \
+    break
+
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, int);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+          switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+            default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+            case FieldOptions::STRING:
+              reinterpret_cast<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>*>(field_ptr)
+                  ->~RepeatedPtrField<std::string>();
+              break;
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+          if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+            reinterpret_cast<DynamicMapField*>(field_ptr)->~DynamicMapField();
+          } else {
+            reinterpret_cast<RepeatedPtrField<Message>*>(field_ptr)
+                ->~RepeatedPtrField<Message>();
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+
+    } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING) {
+      switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+        default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+        case FieldOptions::STRING: {
+          const std::string* default_value =
+              &(reinterpret_cast<const ArenaStringPtr*>(
+                    type_info_->prototype->OffsetToPointer(
+                        type_info_->offsets[i]))
+                    ->Get());
+          reinterpret_cast<ArenaStringPtr*>(field_ptr)->Destroy(default_value,
+                                                                NULL);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+          if (!is_prototype()) {
+        Message* message = *reinterpret_cast<Message**>(field_ptr);
+        if (message != NULL) {
+          delete message;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DynamicMessage::CrossLinkPrototypes() {
+  // This should only be called on the prototype message.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(is_prototype());
+
+  DynamicMessageFactory* factory = type_info_->factory;
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = type_info_->type;
+
+  // Cross-link default messages.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor->field(i);
+    void* field_ptr = OffsetToPointer(type_info_->offsets[i]);
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        !field->is_repeated()) {
+      // For fields with message types, we need to cross-link with the
+      // prototype for the field's type.
+      // For singular fields, the field is just a pointer which should
+      // point to the prototype.
+      *reinterpret_cast<const Message**>(field_ptr) =
+          factory->GetPrototypeNoLock(field->message_type());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Message* DynamicMessage::New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+Message* DynamicMessage::New(Arena* arena) const {
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    void* new_base = Arena::CreateArray<char>(arena, type_info_->size);
+    memset(new_base, 0, type_info_->size);
+    return new (new_base) DynamicMessage(type_info_, arena);
+  } else {
+    void* new_base = operator new(type_info_->size);
+    memset(new_base, 0, type_info_->size);
+    return new (new_base) DynamicMessage(type_info_);
+  }
+}
+
+int DynamicMessage::GetCachedSize() const {
+  return cached_byte_size_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+void DynamicMessage::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  cached_byte_size_.store(size, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+Metadata DynamicMessage::GetMetadata() const {
+  Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = type_info_->type;
+  metadata.reflection = type_info_->reflection.get();
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+struct DynamicMessageFactory::PrototypeMap {
+  typedef std::unordered_map<const Descriptor*, const DynamicMessage::TypeInfo*>
+      Map;
+  Map map_;
+};
+
+DynamicMessageFactory::DynamicMessageFactory()
+    : pool_(NULL),
+      delegate_to_generated_factory_(false),
+      prototypes_(new PrototypeMap) {}
+
+DynamicMessageFactory::DynamicMessageFactory(const DescriptorPool* pool)
+    : pool_(pool),
+      delegate_to_generated_factory_(false),
+      prototypes_(new PrototypeMap) {}
+
+DynamicMessageFactory::~DynamicMessageFactory() {
+  for (PrototypeMap::Map::iterator iter = prototypes_->map_.begin();
+       iter != prototypes_->map_.end(); ++iter) {
+    DeleteDefaultOneofInstance(iter->second->type, iter->second->offsets.get(),
+                               iter->second->prototype);
+    delete iter->second;
+  }
+}
+
+const Message* DynamicMessageFactory::GetPrototype(const Descriptor* type) {
+  MutexLock lock(&prototypes_mutex_);
+  return GetPrototypeNoLock(type);
+}
+
+const Message* DynamicMessageFactory::GetPrototypeNoLock(
+    const Descriptor* type) {
+  if (delegate_to_generated_factory_ &&
+      type->file()->pool() == DescriptorPool::generated_pool()) {
+    return MessageFactory::generated_factory()->GetPrototype(type);
+  }
+
+  const DynamicMessage::TypeInfo** target = &prototypes_->map_[type];
+  if (*target != NULL) {
+    // Already exists.
+    return (*target)->prototype;
+  }
+
+  DynamicMessage::TypeInfo* type_info = new DynamicMessage::TypeInfo;
+  *target = type_info;
+
+  type_info->type = type;
+  type_info->pool = (pool_ == NULL) ? type->file()->pool() : pool_;
+  type_info->factory = this;
+
+  // We need to construct all the structures passed to Reflection's constructor.
+  // This includes:
+  // - A block of memory that contains space for all the message's fields.
+  // - An array of integers indicating the byte offset of each field within
+  //   this block.
+  // - A big bitfield containing a bit for each field indicating whether
+  //   or not that field is set.
+
+  // Compute size and offsets.
+  uint32* offsets = new uint32[type->field_count() + type->oneof_decl_count()];
+  type_info->offsets.reset(offsets);
+
+  // Decide all field offsets by packing in order.
+  // We place the DynamicMessage object itself at the beginning of the allocated
+  // space.
+  int size = sizeof(DynamicMessage);
+  size = AlignOffset(size);
+
+  // Next the has_bits, which is an array of uint32s.
+  if (type->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+    type_info->has_bits_offset = -1;
+  } else {
+    type_info->has_bits_offset = size;
+    int has_bits_array_size =
+        DivideRoundingUp(type->field_count(), bitsizeof(uint32));
+    size += has_bits_array_size * sizeof(uint32);
+    size = AlignOffset(size);
+
+    uint32* has_bits_indices = new uint32[type->field_count()];
+    for (int i = 0; i < type->field_count(); i++) {
+      has_bits_indices[i] = i;
+    }
+    type_info->has_bits_indices.reset(has_bits_indices);
+  }
+
+  // The oneof_case, if any. It is an array of uint32s.
+  if (type->oneof_decl_count() > 0) {
+    type_info->oneof_case_offset = size;
+    size += type->oneof_decl_count() * sizeof(uint32);
+    size = AlignOffset(size);
+  }
+
+  // The ExtensionSet, if any.
+  if (type->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    type_info->extensions_offset = size;
+    size += sizeof(ExtensionSet);
+    size = AlignOffset(size);
+  } else {
+    // No extensions.
+    type_info->extensions_offset = -1;
+  }
+
+  // All the fields.
+  //
+  // TODO(b/31226269):  Optimize the order of fields to minimize padding.
+  int num_weak_fields = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < type->field_count(); i++) {
+    // Make sure field is aligned to avoid bus errors.
+    // Oneof fields do not use any space.
+    if (!type->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+      int field_size = FieldSpaceUsed(type->field(i));
+      size = AlignTo(size, std::min(kSafeAlignment, field_size));
+      offsets[i] = size;
+      size += field_size;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // The oneofs.
+  for (int i = 0; i < type->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    size = AlignTo(size, kSafeAlignment);
+    offsets[type->field_count() + i] = size;
+    size += kMaxOneofUnionSize;
+  }
+
+  // Add the InternalMetadataWithArena to the end.
+  size = AlignOffset(size);
+  type_info->internal_metadata_offset = size;
+  size += sizeof(InternalMetadataWithArena);
+
+  type_info->weak_field_map_offset = -1;
+
+  // Align the final size to make sure no clever allocators think that
+  // alignment is not necessary.
+  type_info->size = size;
+
+  // Construct the reflection object.
+
+  if (type->oneof_decl_count() > 0) {
+    // Compute the size of default oneof instance and offsets of default
+    // oneof fields.
+    for (int i = 0; i < type->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < type->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* field = type->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+        int field_size = OneofFieldSpaceUsed(field);
+        size = AlignTo(size, std::min(kSafeAlignment, field_size));
+        offsets[field->index()] = size;
+        size += field_size;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  size = AlignOffset(size);
+  // Allocate the prototype + oneof fields.
+  void* base = operator new(size);
+  memset(base, 0, size);
+
+  // We have already locked the factory so we should not lock in the constructor
+  // of dynamic message to avoid dead lock.
+  DynamicMessage* prototype = new (base) DynamicMessage(type_info, false);
+
+  if (type->oneof_decl_count() > 0 || num_weak_fields > 0) {
+    // Construct default oneof instance.
+    ConstructDefaultOneofInstance(type_info->type, type_info->offsets.get(),
+                                  prototype);
+  }
+
+  internal::ReflectionSchema schema = {type_info->prototype,
+                                       type_info->offsets.get(),
+                                       type_info->has_bits_indices.get(),
+                                       type_info->has_bits_offset,
+                                       type_info->internal_metadata_offset,
+                                       type_info->extensions_offset,
+                                       type_info->oneof_case_offset,
+                                       type_info->size,
+                                       type_info->weak_field_map_offset};
+
+  type_info->reflection.reset(
+      new Reflection(type_info->type, schema, type_info->pool, this));
+
+  // Cross link prototypes.
+  prototype->CrossLinkPrototypes();
+
+  return prototype;
+}
+
+void DynamicMessageFactory::ConstructDefaultOneofInstance(
+    const Descriptor* type, const uint32 offsets[],
+    void* default_oneof_or_weak_instance) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < type->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < type->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = type->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      void* field_ptr =
+          reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(default_oneof_or_weak_instance) +
+          offsets[field->index()];
+      switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(CPPTYPE, TYPE)                       \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE:               \
+    new (field_ptr) TYPE(field->default_value_##TYPE()); \
+    break;
+
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+          new (field_ptr) int(field->default_value_enum()->number());
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+          switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+            default:
+            case FieldOptions::STRING:
+              ArenaStringPtr* asp = new (field_ptr) ArenaStringPtr();
+              asp->UnsafeSetDefault(&field->default_value_string());
+              break;
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+          new (field_ptr) Message*(NULL);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DynamicMessageFactory::DeleteDefaultOneofInstance(
+    const Descriptor* type, const uint32 offsets[],
+    const void* default_oneof_instance) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < type->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < type->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = type->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING) {
+        switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+          default:
+          case FieldOptions::STRING:
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9bd609f89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Defines an implementation of Message which can emulate types which are not
+// known at compile-time.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DYNAMIC_MESSAGE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DYNAMIC_MESSAGE_H__
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Defined in other files.
+class Descriptor;      // descriptor.h
+class DescriptorPool;  // descriptor.h
+
+// Constructs implementations of Message which can emulate types which are not
+// known at compile-time.
+//
+// Sometimes you want to be able to manipulate protocol types that you don't
+// know about at compile time.  It would be nice to be able to construct
+// a Message object which implements the message type given by any arbitrary
+// Descriptor.  DynamicMessage provides this.
+//
+// As it turns out, a DynamicMessage needs to construct extra
+// information about its type in order to operate.  Most of this information
+// can be shared between all DynamicMessages of the same type.  But, caching
+// this information in some sort of global map would be a bad idea, since
+// the cached information for a particular descriptor could outlive the
+// descriptor itself.  To avoid this problem, DynamicMessageFactory
+// encapsulates this "cache".  All DynamicMessages of the same type created
+// from the same factory will share the same support data.  Any Descriptors
+// used with a particular factory must outlive the factory.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT DynamicMessageFactory : public MessageFactory {
+ public:
+  // Construct a DynamicMessageFactory that will search for extensions in
+  // the DescriptorPool in which the extendee is defined.
+  DynamicMessageFactory();
+
+  // Construct a DynamicMessageFactory that will search for extensions in
+  // the given DescriptorPool.
+  //
+  // DEPRECATED:  Use CodedInputStream::SetExtensionRegistry() to tell the
+  //   parser to look for extensions in an alternate pool.  However, note that
+  //   this is almost never what you want to do.  Almost all users should use
+  //   the zero-arg constructor.
+  DynamicMessageFactory(const DescriptorPool* pool);
+
+  ~DynamicMessageFactory();
+
+  // Call this to tell the DynamicMessageFactory that if it is given a
+  // Descriptor d for which:
+  //   d->file()->pool() == DescriptorPool::generated_pool(),
+  // then it should delegate to MessageFactory::generated_factory() instead
+  // of constructing a dynamic implementation of the message.  In theory there
+  // is no down side to doing this, so it may become the default in the future.
+  void SetDelegateToGeneratedFactory(bool enable) {
+    delegate_to_generated_factory_ = enable;
+  }
+
+  // implements MessageFactory ---------------------------------------
+
+  // Given a Descriptor, constructs the default (prototype) Message of that
+  // type.  You can then call that message's New() method to construct a
+  // mutable message of that type.
+  //
+  // Calling this method twice with the same Descriptor returns the same
+  // object.  The returned object remains property of the factory and will
+  // be destroyed when the factory is destroyed.  Also, any objects created
+  // by calling the prototype's New() method share some data with the
+  // prototype, so these must be destroyed before the DynamicMessageFactory
+  // is destroyed.
+  //
+  // The given descriptor must outlive the returned message, and hence must
+  // outlive the DynamicMessageFactory.
+  //
+  // The method is thread-safe.
+  const Message* GetPrototype(const Descriptor* type) override;
+
+ private:
+  const DescriptorPool* pool_;
+  bool delegate_to_generated_factory_;
+
+  // This struct just contains a hash_map.  We can't #include <hash_map> from
+  // this header due to hacks needed for hash_map portability in the open source
+  // release.  Namely, stubs/hash.h, which defines hash_map portably, is not a
+  // public header (for good reason), but dynamic_message.h is, and public
+  // headers may only #include other public headers.
+  struct PrototypeMap;
+  std::unique_ptr<PrototypeMap> prototypes_;
+  mutable internal::WrappedMutex prototypes_mutex_;
+
+  friend class DynamicMessage;
+  const Message* GetPrototypeNoLock(const Descriptor* type);
+
+  // Construct default oneof instance for reflection usage if oneof
+  // is defined.
+  static void ConstructDefaultOneofInstance(const Descriptor* type,
+                                            const uint32 offsets[],
+                                            void* default_oneof_instance);
+  // Delete default oneof instance. Called by ~DynamicMessageFactory.
+  static void DeleteDefaultOneofInstance(const Descriptor* type,
+                                         const uint32 offsets[],
+                                         const void* default_oneof_instance);
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(DynamicMessageFactory);
+};
+
+// Helper for computing a sorted list of map entries via reflection.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT DynamicMapSorter {
+ public:
+  static std::vector<const Message*> Sort(const Message& message, int map_size,
+                                          const Reflection* reflection,
+                                          const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+    std::vector<const Message*> result;
+    result.reserve(map_size);
+    RepeatedFieldRef<Message> map_field =
+        reflection->GetRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(message, field);
+    for (auto it = map_field.begin(); it != map_field.end(); ++it) {
+      result.push_back(&*it);
+    }
+    MapEntryMessageComparator comparator(field->message_type());
+    std::stable_sort(result.begin(), result.end(), comparator);
+    // Complain if the keys aren't in ascending order.
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    for (size_t j = 1; j < static_cast<size_t>(map_size); j++) {
+      if (!comparator(result[j - 1], result[j])) {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << (comparator(result[j], result[j - 1])
+                           ? "internal error in map key sorting"
+                           : "map keys are not unique");
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+    return result;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MapEntryMessageComparator {
+   public:
+    explicit MapEntryMessageComparator(const Descriptor* descriptor)
+        : field_(descriptor->field(0)) {}
+
+    bool operator()(const Message* a, const Message* b) {
+      const Reflection* reflection = a->GetReflection();
+      switch (field_->cpp_type()) {
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL: {
+          bool first = reflection->GetBool(*a, field_);
+          bool second = reflection->GetBool(*b, field_);
+          return first < second;
+        }
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
+          int32 first = reflection->GetInt32(*a, field_);
+          int32 second = reflection->GetInt32(*b, field_);
+          return first < second;
+        }
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
+          int64 first = reflection->GetInt64(*a, field_);
+          int64 second = reflection->GetInt64(*b, field_);
+          return first < second;
+        }
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
+          uint32 first = reflection->GetUInt32(*a, field_);
+          uint32 second = reflection->GetUInt32(*b, field_);
+          return first < second;
+        }
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
+          uint64 first = reflection->GetUInt64(*a, field_);
+          uint64 second = reflection->GetUInt64(*b, field_);
+          return first < second;
+        }
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+          std::string first = reflection->GetString(*a, field_);
+          std::string second = reflection->GetString(*b, field_);
+          return first < second;
+        }
+        default:
+          GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Invalid key for map field.";
+          return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const FieldDescriptor* field_;
+  };
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DYNAMIC_MESSAGE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42759de77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Since the reflection interface for DynamicMessage is implemented by
+// GenericMessageReflection, the only thing we really have to test is
+// that DynamicMessage correctly sets up the information that
+// GenericMessageReflection needs to use.  So, we focus on that in this
+// test.  Other tests, such as generic_message_reflection_unittest and
+// reflection_ops_unittest, cover the rest of the functionality used by
+// DynamicMessage.
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_no_field_presence.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class DynamicMessageTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<bool> {
+ protected:
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory_;
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  const Message* prototype_;
+  const Descriptor* extensions_descriptor_;
+  const Message* extensions_prototype_;
+  const Descriptor* packed_descriptor_;
+  const Message* packed_prototype_;
+  const Descriptor* oneof_descriptor_;
+  const Message* oneof_prototype_;
+  const Descriptor* proto3_descriptor_;
+  const Message* proto3_prototype_;
+
+  DynamicMessageTest() : factory_(&pool_) {}
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // We want to make sure that DynamicMessage works (particularly with
+    // extensions) even if we use descriptors that are *not* from compiled-in
+    // types, so we make copies of the descriptors for unittest.proto and
+    // unittest_import.proto.
+    FileDescriptorProto unittest_file;
+    FileDescriptorProto unittest_import_file;
+    FileDescriptorProto unittest_import_public_file;
+    FileDescriptorProto unittest_no_field_presence_file;
+
+    unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(&unittest_file);
+    unittest_import::ImportMessage::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(
+        &unittest_import_file);
+    unittest_import::PublicImportMessage::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(
+        &unittest_import_public_file);
+    proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor()->file()->CopyTo(
+        &unittest_no_field_presence_file);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(unittest_import_public_file) != NULL);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(unittest_import_file) != NULL);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(unittest_file) != NULL);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(unittest_no_field_presence_file) != NULL);
+
+    descriptor_ = pool_.FindMessageTypeByName("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(descriptor_ != NULL);
+    prototype_ = factory_.GetPrototype(descriptor_);
+
+    extensions_descriptor_ =
+        pool_.FindMessageTypeByName("protobuf_unittest.TestAllExtensions");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(extensions_descriptor_ != NULL);
+    extensions_prototype_ = factory_.GetPrototype(extensions_descriptor_);
+
+    packed_descriptor_ =
+        pool_.FindMessageTypeByName("protobuf_unittest.TestPackedTypes");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(packed_descriptor_ != NULL);
+    packed_prototype_ = factory_.GetPrototype(packed_descriptor_);
+
+    oneof_descriptor_ =
+        pool_.FindMessageTypeByName("protobuf_unittest.TestOneof2");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(oneof_descriptor_ != NULL);
+    oneof_prototype_ = factory_.GetPrototype(oneof_descriptor_);
+
+    proto3_descriptor_ = pool_.FindMessageTypeByName(
+        "proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest.TestAllTypes");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(proto3_descriptor_ != NULL);
+    proto3_prototype_ = factory_.GetPrototype(proto3_descriptor_);
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(DynamicMessageTest, Descriptor) {
+  // Check that the descriptor on the DynamicMessage matches the descriptor
+  // passed to GetPrototype().
+  EXPECT_EQ(prototype_->GetDescriptor(), descriptor_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DynamicMessageTest, OnePrototype) {
+  // Check that requesting the same prototype twice produces the same object.
+  EXPECT_EQ(prototype_, factory_.GetPrototype(descriptor_));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DynamicMessageTest, Defaults) {
+  // Check that all default values are set correctly in the initial message.
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(descriptor_);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectClearViaReflection(*prototype_);
+}
+
+TEST_P(DynamicMessageTest, IndependentOffsets) {
+  // Check that all fields have independent offsets by setting each
+  // one to a unique value then checking that they all still have those
+  // unique values (i.e. they don't stomp each other).
+  Arena arena;
+  Message* message = prototype_->New(GetParam() ? &arena : NULL);
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(descriptor_);
+
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection(*message);
+
+  if (!GetParam()) {
+    delete message;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(DynamicMessageTest, Extensions) {
+  // Check that extensions work.
+  Arena arena;
+  Message* message = extensions_prototype_->New(GetParam() ? &arena : NULL);
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(extensions_descriptor_);
+
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection(*message);
+
+  if (!GetParam()) {
+    delete message;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(DynamicMessageTest, PackedFields) {
+  // Check that packed fields work properly.
+  Arena arena;
+  Message* message = packed_prototype_->New(GetParam() ? &arena : NULL);
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(packed_descriptor_);
+
+  reflection_tester.SetPackedFieldsViaReflection(message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectPackedFieldsSetViaReflection(*message);
+
+  if (!GetParam()) {
+    delete message;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(DynamicMessageTest, Oneof) {
+  // Check that oneof fields work properly.
+  Arena arena;
+  Message* message = oneof_prototype_->New(GetParam() ? &arena : NULL);
+
+  // Check default values.
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message->GetDescriptor();
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->GetInt32(*message,
+                                    descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_int")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetString(
+                    *message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_string")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetString(*message,
+                                      descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_cord")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetString(
+                    *message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_string_piece")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetString(
+                    *message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_bytes")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::TestOneof2::FOO,
+      reflection->GetEnum(*message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_enum"))
+          ->number());
+  const Descriptor* nested_descriptor;
+  const Message* nested_prototype;
+  nested_descriptor =
+      pool_.FindMessageTypeByName("protobuf_unittest.TestOneof2.NestedMessage");
+  nested_prototype = factory_.GetPrototype(nested_descriptor);
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested_prototype,
+            &reflection->GetMessage(
+                *message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_message")));
+  const Descriptor* foogroup_descriptor;
+  const Message* foogroup_prototype;
+  foogroup_descriptor =
+      pool_.FindMessageTypeByName("protobuf_unittest.TestOneof2.FooGroup");
+  foogroup_prototype = factory_.GetPrototype(foogroup_descriptor);
+  EXPECT_EQ(foogroup_prototype,
+            &reflection->GetMessage(*message,
+                                    descriptor->FindFieldByName("foogroup")));
+  EXPECT_NE(foogroup_prototype,
+            &reflection->GetMessage(
+                *message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, reflection->GetInt32(*message,
+                                    descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_int")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("STRING", reflection->GetString(
+                          *message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_string")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("CORD", reflection->GetString(
+                        *message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_cord")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("SPIECE",
+            reflection->GetString(
+                *message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_string_piece")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("BYTES", reflection->GetString(
+                         *message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_bytes")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::TestOneof2::BAR,
+      reflection->GetEnum(*message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_enum"))
+          ->number());
+
+  // Check set functions.
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(oneof_descriptor_);
+  reflection_tester.SetOneofViaReflection(message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectOneofSetViaReflection(*message);
+
+  if (!GetParam()) {
+    delete message;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(DynamicMessageTest, SpaceUsed) {
+  // Test that SpaceUsed() works properly
+
+  // Since we share the implementation with generated messages, we don't need
+  // to test very much here.  Just make sure it appears to be working.
+
+  Arena arena;
+  Message* message = prototype_->New(GetParam() ? &arena : NULL);
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(descriptor_);
+
+  int initial_space_used = message->SpaceUsed();
+
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(message);
+  EXPECT_LT(initial_space_used, message->SpaceUsed());
+
+  if (!GetParam()) {
+    delete message;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(DynamicMessageTest, Arena) {
+  Arena arena;
+  Message* message = prototype_->New(&arena);
+  Message* extension_message = extensions_prototype_->New(&arena);
+  Message* packed_message = packed_prototype_->New(&arena);
+  Message* oneof_message = oneof_prototype_->New(&arena);
+
+  // avoid unused-variable error.
+  (void)message;
+  (void)extension_message;
+  (void)packed_message;
+  (void)oneof_message;
+  // Return without freeing: should not leak.
+}
+
+TEST_F(DynamicMessageTest, Proto3) {
+  Message* message = proto3_prototype_->New();
+  const Reflection* refl = message->GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* desc = message->GetDescriptor();
+
+  // Just test a single primtive and single message field here to make sure we
+  // are getting the no-field-presence semantics elsewhere. DynamicMessage uses
+  // GeneratedMessageReflection under the hood, so the rest should be fine as
+  // long as GMR recognizes that we're using a proto3 message.
+  const FieldDescriptor* optional_int32 =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_int32");
+  const FieldDescriptor* optional_msg =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(optional_int32 != NULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(optional_msg != NULL);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, refl->HasField(*message, optional_int32));
+  refl->SetInt32(message, optional_int32, 42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, refl->HasField(*message, optional_int32));
+  refl->SetInt32(message, optional_int32, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, refl->HasField(*message, optional_int32));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, refl->HasField(*message, optional_msg));
+  refl->MutableMessage(message, optional_msg);
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, refl->HasField(*message, optional_msg));
+  delete refl->ReleaseMessage(message, optional_msg);
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, refl->HasField(*message, optional_msg));
+
+  // Also ensure that the default instance handles field presence properly.
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, refl->HasField(*proto3_prototype_, optional_msg));
+
+  delete message;
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(UseArena, DynamicMessageTest, ::testing::Bool());
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5fb199393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/empty.proto
+
+#include <google/protobuf/empty.pb.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class EmptyDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Empty> _instance;
+} _Empty_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_Empty_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Empty_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Empty();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Empty::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_Empty_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_Empty_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto[1];
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor const** file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto = nullptr;
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor const** file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto = nullptr;
+
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto::offsets[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Empty, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+};
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MigrationSchema schemas[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  { 0, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Empty)},
+};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message const * const file_default_instances[] = {
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Empty_default_instance_),
+};
+
+const char descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
+  "\n\033google/protobuf/empty.proto\022\017google.pr"
+  "otobuf\"\007\n\005EmptyBv\n\023com.google.protobufB\n"
+  "EmptyProtoP\001Z\'github.com/golang/protobuf"
+  "/ptypes/empty\370\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf"
+  ".WellKnownTypesb\006proto3"
+  ;
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_deps[1] = {
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_sccs[1] = {
+  &scc_info_Empty_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto.base,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_once;
+static bool descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_initialized = false;
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto = {
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_initialized, descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto, "google/protobuf/empty.proto", 183,
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_once, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_sccs, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_deps, 1, 0,
+  schemas, file_default_instances, TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto::offsets,
+  file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto, 1, file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto, file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto,
+};
+
+// Force running AddDescriptors() at dynamic initialization time.
+static bool dynamic_init_dummy_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto = (  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AddDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto), true);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Empty::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class Empty::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+Empty::Empty()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Empty)
+}
+Empty::Empty(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Empty)
+}
+Empty::Empty(const Empty& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Empty)
+}
+
+void Empty::SharedCtor() {
+}
+
+Empty::~Empty() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Empty::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void Empty::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Empty* _this = reinterpret_cast< Empty* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Empty::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void Empty::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Empty& Empty::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_Empty_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Empty::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Empty::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Empty::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Empty::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Empty::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Empty* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Empty>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Empty)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Empty)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Empty::MergeFrom(const Empty& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+}
+
+void Empty::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Empty::CopyFrom(const Empty& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Empty::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Empty::InternalSwap(Empty* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Empty::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Empty* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Empty >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Empty >(arena);
+}
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d24d8975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/empty.proto
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3011000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3011004 < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace internal {
+class AnyMetadata;
+}  // namespace internal
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto {
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTableField entries[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTable schema[1]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 offsets[];
+};
+extern PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class Empty;
+class EmptyDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern EmptyDefaultTypeInternal _Empty_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Empty* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Empty>(Arena*);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Empty :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Empty) */ {
+ public:
+  Empty();
+  virtual ~Empty();
+
+  Empty(const Empty& from);
+  Empty(Empty&& from) noexcept
+    : Empty() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Empty& operator=(const Empty& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Empty& operator=(Empty&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Empty& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Empty* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Empty*>(
+               &_Empty_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    0;
+
+  friend void swap(Empty& a, Empty& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Empty* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Empty* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Empty* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Empty>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Empty* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Empty>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Empty& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Empty& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Empty* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Empty";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit Empty(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Empty)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// Empty
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/empty.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/empty.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03cacd233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/empty.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option go_package = "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/empty";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "EmptyProto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+// A generic empty message that you can re-use to avoid defining duplicated
+// empty messages in your APIs. A typical example is to use it as the request
+// or the response type of an API method. For instance:
+//
+//     service Foo {
+//       rpc Bar(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);
+//     }
+//
+// The JSON representation for `Empty` is empty JSON object `{}`.
+message Empty {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4eb6e186
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2146 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+
+#include <tuple>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/parse_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+namespace {
+
+inline WireFormatLite::FieldType real_type(FieldType type) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(type > 0 && type <= WireFormatLite::MAX_FIELD_TYPE);
+  return static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(type);
+}
+
+inline WireFormatLite::CppType cpp_type(FieldType type) {
+  return WireFormatLite::FieldTypeToCppType(real_type(type));
+}
+
+inline bool is_packable(WireFormatLite::WireType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+      return true;
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+      return false;
+
+      // Do not add a default statement. Let the compiler complain when someone
+      // adds a new wire type.
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "can't reach here.";
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Registry stuff.
+struct ExtensionHasher {
+  std::size_t operator()(const std::pair<const MessageLite*, int>& p) const {
+    return std::hash<const MessageLite*>{}(p.first) ^
+           std::hash<int>{}(p.second);
+  }
+};
+
+typedef std::unordered_map<std::pair<const MessageLite*, int>, ExtensionInfo,
+                           ExtensionHasher>
+    ExtensionRegistry;
+
+static const ExtensionRegistry* global_registry = nullptr;
+
+// This function is only called at startup, so there is no need for thread-
+// safety.
+void Register(const MessageLite* containing_type, int number,
+              ExtensionInfo info) {
+  static auto local_static_registry = OnShutdownDelete(new ExtensionRegistry);
+  global_registry = local_static_registry;
+  if (!InsertIfNotPresent(local_static_registry,
+                               std::make_pair(containing_type, number), info)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Multiple extension registrations for type \""
+               << containing_type->GetTypeName() << "\", field number "
+               << number << ".";
+  }
+}
+
+const ExtensionInfo* FindRegisteredExtension(const MessageLite* containing_type,
+                                             int number) {
+  return global_registry == nullptr
+             ? nullptr
+             : FindOrNull(*global_registry,
+                               std::make_pair(containing_type, number));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ExtensionFinder::~ExtensionFinder() {}
+
+bool GeneratedExtensionFinder::Find(int number, ExtensionInfo* output) {
+  const ExtensionInfo* extension =
+      FindRegisteredExtension(containing_type_, number);
+  if (extension == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    *output = *extension;
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::RegisterExtension(const MessageLite* containing_type,
+                                     int number, FieldType type,
+                                     bool is_repeated, bool is_packed) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(type, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(type, WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(type, WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP);
+  ExtensionInfo info(type, is_repeated, is_packed);
+  Register(containing_type, number, info);
+}
+
+static bool CallNoArgValidityFunc(const void* arg, int number) {
+  // Note:  Must use C-style cast here rather than reinterpret_cast because
+  //   the C++ standard at one point did not allow casts between function and
+  //   data pointers and some compilers enforce this for C++-style casts.  No
+  //   compiler enforces it for C-style casts since lots of C-style code has
+  //   relied on these kinds of casts for a long time, despite being
+  //   technically undefined.  See:
+  //     http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/cwg_defects.html#195
+  // Also note:  Some compilers do not allow function pointers to be "const".
+  //   Which makes sense, I suppose, because it's meaningless.
+  return ((EnumValidityFunc*)arg)(number);
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::RegisterEnumExtension(const MessageLite* containing_type,
+                                         int number, FieldType type,
+                                         bool is_repeated, bool is_packed,
+                                         EnumValidityFunc* is_valid) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(type, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM);
+  ExtensionInfo info(type, is_repeated, is_packed);
+  info.enum_validity_check.func = CallNoArgValidityFunc;
+  // See comment in CallNoArgValidityFunc() about why we use a c-style cast.
+  info.enum_validity_check.arg = (void*)is_valid;
+  Register(containing_type, number, info);
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::RegisterMessageExtension(const MessageLite* containing_type,
+                                            int number, FieldType type,
+                                            bool is_repeated, bool is_packed,
+                                            const MessageLite* prototype) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(type == WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE ||
+        type == WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP);
+  ExtensionInfo info(type, is_repeated, is_packed);
+  info.message_info = {prototype};
+  Register(containing_type, number, info);
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Constructors and basic methods.
+
+ExtensionSet::ExtensionSet(Arena* arena)
+    : arena_(arena),
+      flat_capacity_(0),
+      flat_size_(0),
+      map_{flat_capacity_ == 0
+               ? NULL
+               : Arena::CreateArray<KeyValue>(arena_, flat_capacity_)} {}
+
+ExtensionSet::ExtensionSet()
+    : arena_(NULL),
+      flat_capacity_(0),
+      flat_size_(0),
+      map_{flat_capacity_ == 0
+               ? NULL
+               : Arena::CreateArray<KeyValue>(arena_, flat_capacity_)} {}
+
+ExtensionSet::~ExtensionSet() {
+  // Deletes all allocated extensions.
+  if (arena_ == NULL) {
+    ForEach([](int /* number */, Extension& ext) { ext.Free(); });
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(is_large())) {
+      delete map_.large;
+    } else {
+      DeleteFlatMap(map_.flat, flat_capacity_);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::DeleteFlatMap(const ExtensionSet::KeyValue* flat,
+                                 uint16 flat_capacity) {
+#ifdef __cpp_sized_deallocation
+  // Arena::CreateArray already requires a trivially destructible type, but
+  // ensure this constraint is not violated in the future.
+  static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible<KeyValue>::value,
+                "CreateArray requires a trivially destructible type");
+  // A const-cast is needed, but this is safe as we are about to deallocate the
+  // array.
+  ::operator delete[](const_cast<ExtensionSet::KeyValue*>(flat),
+                      sizeof(*flat) * flat_capacity);
+#else   // !__cpp_sized_deallocation
+  delete[] flat;
+#endif  // !__cpp_sized_deallocation
+}
+
+// Defined in extension_set_heavy.cc.
+// void ExtensionSet::AppendToList(const Descriptor* containing_type,
+//                                 const DescriptorPool* pool,
+//                                 vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* output) const
+
+bool ExtensionSet::Has(int number) const {
+  const Extension* ext = FindOrNull(number);
+  if (ext == NULL) return false;
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!ext->is_repeated);
+  return !ext->is_cleared;
+}
+
+int ExtensionSet::NumExtensions() const {
+  int result = 0;
+  ForEach([&result](int /* number */, const Extension& ext) {
+    if (!ext.is_cleared) {
+      ++result;
+    }
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+int ExtensionSet::ExtensionSize(int number) const {
+  const Extension* ext = FindOrNull(number);
+  return ext == NULL ? 0 : ext->GetSize();
+}
+
+FieldType ExtensionSet::ExtensionType(int number) const {
+  const Extension* ext = FindOrNull(number);
+  if (ext == NULL) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Don't lookup extension types if they aren't present (1). ";
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (ext->is_cleared) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Don't lookup extension types if they aren't present (2). ";
+  }
+  return ext->type;
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::ClearExtension(int number) {
+  Extension* ext = FindOrNull(number);
+  if (ext == NULL) return;
+  ext->Clear();
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Field accessors
+
+namespace {
+
+enum { REPEATED_FIELD, OPTIONAL_FIELD };
+
+}  // namespace
+
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(EXTENSION, LABEL, CPPTYPE)                                 \
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ((EXTENSION).is_repeated ? REPEATED_FIELD : OPTIONAL_FIELD, LABEL); \
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type((EXTENSION).type), WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE)
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Primitives
+
+#define PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE, CAMELCASE)                  \
+                                                                              \
+  LOWERCASE ExtensionSet::Get##CAMELCASE(int number, LOWERCASE default_value) \
+      const {                                                                 \
+    const Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);                          \
+    if (extension == NULL || extension->is_cleared) {                         \
+      return default_value;                                                   \
+    } else {                                                                  \
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL_FIELD, UPPERCASE);                     \
+      return extension->LOWERCASE##_value;                                    \
+    }                                                                         \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  void ExtensionSet::Set##CAMELCASE(int number, FieldType type,               \
+                                    LOWERCASE value,                          \
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {      \
+    Extension* extension;                                                     \
+    if (MaybeNewExtension(number, descriptor, &extension)) {                  \
+      extension->type = type;                                                 \
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type),                                    \
+                WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE);                         \
+      extension->is_repeated = false;                                         \
+    } else {                                                                  \
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL_FIELD, UPPERCASE);                     \
+    }                                                                         \
+    extension->is_cleared = false;                                            \
+    extension->LOWERCASE##_value = value;                                     \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  LOWERCASE ExtensionSet::GetRepeated##CAMELCASE(int number, int index)       \
+      const {                                                                 \
+    const Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);                          \
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(extension != NULL) << "Index out-of-bounds (field is empty).";      \
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED_FIELD, UPPERCASE);                       \
+    return extension->repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->Get(index);               \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  void ExtensionSet::SetRepeated##CAMELCASE(int number, int index,            \
+                                            LOWERCASE value) {                \
+    Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);                                \
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(extension != NULL) << "Index out-of-bounds (field is empty).";      \
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED_FIELD, UPPERCASE);                       \
+    extension->repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->Set(index, value);               \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  void ExtensionSet::Add##CAMELCASE(int number, FieldType type, bool packed,  \
+                                    LOWERCASE value,                          \
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {      \
+    Extension* extension;                                                     \
+    if (MaybeNewExtension(number, descriptor, &extension)) {                  \
+      extension->type = type;                                                 \
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type),                                    \
+                WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE);                         \
+      extension->is_repeated = true;                                          \
+      extension->is_packed = packed;                                          \
+      extension->repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value =                               \
+          Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<LOWERCASE>>(arena_);             \
+    } else {                                                                  \
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED_FIELD, UPPERCASE);                     \
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(extension->is_packed, packed);                                \
+    }                                                                         \
+    extension->repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->Add(value);                      \
+  }
+
+PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(INT32, int32, Int32)
+PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(INT64, int64, Int64)
+PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(UINT32, uint32, UInt32)
+PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(UINT64, uint64, UInt64)
+PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(FLOAT, float, Float)
+PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(DOUBLE, double, Double)
+PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(BOOL, bool, Bool)
+
+#undef PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS
+
+const void* ExtensionSet::GetRawRepeatedField(int number,
+                                              const void* default_value) const {
+  const Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  if (extension == NULL) {
+    return default_value;
+  }
+  // We assume that all the RepeatedField<>* pointers have the same
+  // size and alignment within the anonymous union in Extension.
+  return extension->repeated_int32_value;
+}
+
+void* ExtensionSet::MutableRawRepeatedField(int number, FieldType field_type,
+                                            bool packed,
+                                            const FieldDescriptor* desc) {
+  Extension* extension;
+
+  // We instantiate an empty Repeated{,Ptr}Field if one doesn't exist for this
+  // extension.
+  if (MaybeNewExtension(number, desc, &extension)) {
+    extension->is_repeated = true;
+    extension->type = field_type;
+    extension->is_packed = packed;
+
+    switch (WireFormatLite::FieldTypeToCppType(
+        static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(field_type))) {
+      case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        extension->repeated_int32_value =
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int32>>(arena_);
+        break;
+      case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        extension->repeated_int64_value =
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int64>>(arena_);
+        break;
+      case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        extension->repeated_uint32_value =
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<uint32>>(arena_);
+        break;
+      case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+        extension->repeated_uint64_value =
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<uint64>>(arena_);
+        break;
+      case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+        extension->repeated_double_value =
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<double>>(arena_);
+        break;
+      case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+        extension->repeated_float_value =
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<float>>(arena_);
+        break;
+      case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+        extension->repeated_bool_value =
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<bool>>(arena_);
+        break;
+      case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+        extension->repeated_enum_value =
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int>>(arena_);
+        break;
+      case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        extension->repeated_string_value =
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>>(arena_);
+        break;
+      case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        extension->repeated_message_value =
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite>>(arena_);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // We assume that all the RepeatedField<>* pointers have the same
+  // size and alignment within the anonymous union in Extension.
+  return extension->repeated_int32_value;
+}
+
+// Compatible version using old call signature. Does not create extensions when
+// the don't already exist; instead, just GOOGLE_CHECK-fails.
+void* ExtensionSet::MutableRawRepeatedField(int number) {
+  Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(extension != NULL) << "Extension not found.";
+  // We assume that all the RepeatedField<>* pointers have the same
+  // size and alignment within the anonymous union in Extension.
+  return extension->repeated_int32_value;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Enums
+
+int ExtensionSet::GetEnum(int number, int default_value) const {
+  const Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  if (extension == NULL || extension->is_cleared) {
+    // Not present.  Return the default value.
+    return default_value;
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL_FIELD, ENUM);
+    return extension->enum_value;
+  }
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::SetEnum(int number, FieldType type, int value,
+                           const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  Extension* extension;
+  if (MaybeNewExtension(number, descriptor, &extension)) {
+    extension->type = type;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type), WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_ENUM);
+    extension->is_repeated = false;
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL_FIELD, ENUM);
+  }
+  extension->is_cleared = false;
+  extension->enum_value = value;
+}
+
+int ExtensionSet::GetRepeatedEnum(int number, int index) const {
+  const Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(extension != NULL) << "Index out-of-bounds (field is empty).";
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED_FIELD, ENUM);
+  return extension->repeated_enum_value->Get(index);
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::SetRepeatedEnum(int number, int index, int value) {
+  Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(extension != NULL) << "Index out-of-bounds (field is empty).";
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED_FIELD, ENUM);
+  extension->repeated_enum_value->Set(index, value);
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::AddEnum(int number, FieldType type, bool packed, int value,
+                           const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  Extension* extension;
+  if (MaybeNewExtension(number, descriptor, &extension)) {
+    extension->type = type;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type), WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_ENUM);
+    extension->is_repeated = true;
+    extension->is_packed = packed;
+    extension->repeated_enum_value =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int>>(arena_);
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED_FIELD, ENUM);
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(extension->is_packed, packed);
+  }
+  extension->repeated_enum_value->Add(value);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Strings
+
+const std::string& ExtensionSet::GetString(
+    int number, const std::string& default_value) const {
+  const Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  if (extension == NULL || extension->is_cleared) {
+    // Not present.  Return the default value.
+    return default_value;
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL_FIELD, STRING);
+    return *extension->string_value;
+  }
+}
+
+std::string* ExtensionSet::MutableString(int number, FieldType type,
+                                         const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  Extension* extension;
+  if (MaybeNewExtension(number, descriptor, &extension)) {
+    extension->type = type;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type), WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_STRING);
+    extension->is_repeated = false;
+    extension->string_value = Arena::Create<std::string>(arena_);
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL_FIELD, STRING);
+  }
+  extension->is_cleared = false;
+  return extension->string_value;
+}
+
+const std::string& ExtensionSet::GetRepeatedString(int number,
+                                                   int index) const {
+  const Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(extension != NULL) << "Index out-of-bounds (field is empty).";
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED_FIELD, STRING);
+  return extension->repeated_string_value->Get(index);
+}
+
+std::string* ExtensionSet::MutableRepeatedString(int number, int index) {
+  Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(extension != NULL) << "Index out-of-bounds (field is empty).";
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED_FIELD, STRING);
+  return extension->repeated_string_value->Mutable(index);
+}
+
+std::string* ExtensionSet::AddString(int number, FieldType type,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  Extension* extension;
+  if (MaybeNewExtension(number, descriptor, &extension)) {
+    extension->type = type;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type), WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_STRING);
+    extension->is_repeated = true;
+    extension->is_packed = false;
+    extension->repeated_string_value =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>>(arena_);
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED_FIELD, STRING);
+  }
+  return extension->repeated_string_value->Add();
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Messages
+
+const MessageLite& ExtensionSet::GetMessage(
+    int number, const MessageLite& default_value) const {
+  const Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  if (extension == NULL) {
+    // Not present.  Return the default value.
+    return default_value;
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL_FIELD, MESSAGE);
+    if (extension->is_lazy) {
+      return extension->lazymessage_value->GetMessage(default_value);
+    } else {
+      return *extension->message_value;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Defined in extension_set_heavy.cc.
+// const MessageLite& ExtensionSet::GetMessage(int number,
+//                                             const Descriptor* message_type,
+//                                             MessageFactory* factory) const
+
+MessageLite* ExtensionSet::MutableMessage(int number, FieldType type,
+                                          const MessageLite& prototype,
+                                          const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  Extension* extension;
+  if (MaybeNewExtension(number, descriptor, &extension)) {
+    extension->type = type;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type), WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE);
+    extension->is_repeated = false;
+    extension->is_lazy = false;
+    extension->message_value = prototype.New(arena_);
+    extension->is_cleared = false;
+    return extension->message_value;
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL_FIELD, MESSAGE);
+    extension->is_cleared = false;
+    if (extension->is_lazy) {
+      return extension->lazymessage_value->MutableMessage(prototype);
+    } else {
+      return extension->message_value;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Defined in extension_set_heavy.cc.
+// MessageLite* ExtensionSet::MutableMessage(int number, FieldType type,
+//                                           const Descriptor* message_type,
+//                                           MessageFactory* factory)
+
+void ExtensionSet::SetAllocatedMessage(int number, FieldType type,
+                                       const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       MessageLite* message) {
+  if (message == NULL) {
+    ClearExtension(number);
+    return;
+  }
+  Arena* message_arena = message->GetArena();
+  Extension* extension;
+  if (MaybeNewExtension(number, descriptor, &extension)) {
+    extension->type = type;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type), WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE);
+    extension->is_repeated = false;
+    extension->is_lazy = false;
+    if (message_arena == arena_) {
+      extension->message_value = message;
+    } else if (message_arena == NULL) {
+      extension->message_value = message;
+      arena_->Own(message);  // not NULL because not equal to message_arena
+    } else {
+      extension->message_value = message->New(arena_);
+      extension->message_value->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(*message);
+    }
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL_FIELD, MESSAGE);
+    if (extension->is_lazy) {
+      extension->lazymessage_value->SetAllocatedMessage(message);
+    } else {
+      if (arena_ == NULL) {
+        delete extension->message_value;
+      }
+      if (message_arena == arena_) {
+        extension->message_value = message;
+      } else if (message_arena == NULL) {
+        extension->message_value = message;
+        arena_->Own(message);  // not NULL because not equal to message_arena
+      } else {
+        extension->message_value = message->New(arena_);
+        extension->message_value->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(*message);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  extension->is_cleared = false;
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(
+    int number, FieldType type, const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+    MessageLite* message) {
+  if (message == NULL) {
+    ClearExtension(number);
+    return;
+  }
+  Extension* extension;
+  if (MaybeNewExtension(number, descriptor, &extension)) {
+    extension->type = type;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type), WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE);
+    extension->is_repeated = false;
+    extension->is_lazy = false;
+    extension->message_value = message;
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL_FIELD, MESSAGE);
+    if (extension->is_lazy) {
+      extension->lazymessage_value->UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(message);
+    } else {
+      if (arena_ == NULL) {
+        delete extension->message_value;
+      }
+      extension->message_value = message;
+    }
+  }
+  extension->is_cleared = false;
+}
+
+MessageLite* ExtensionSet::ReleaseMessage(int number,
+                                          const MessageLite& prototype) {
+  Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  if (extension == NULL) {
+    // Not present.  Return NULL.
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL_FIELD, MESSAGE);
+    MessageLite* ret = NULL;
+    if (extension->is_lazy) {
+      ret = extension->lazymessage_value->ReleaseMessage(prototype);
+      if (arena_ == NULL) {
+        delete extension->lazymessage_value;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (arena_ == NULL) {
+        ret = extension->message_value;
+      } else {
+        // ReleaseMessage() always returns a heap-allocated message, and we are
+        // on an arena, so we need to make a copy of this message to return.
+        ret = extension->message_value->New();
+        ret->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(*extension->message_value);
+      }
+    }
+    Erase(number);
+    return ret;
+  }
+}
+
+MessageLite* ExtensionSet::UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(
+    int number, const MessageLite& prototype) {
+  Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  if (extension == NULL) {
+    // Not present.  Return NULL.
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL_FIELD, MESSAGE);
+    MessageLite* ret = NULL;
+    if (extension->is_lazy) {
+      ret = extension->lazymessage_value->UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(prototype);
+      if (arena_ == NULL) {
+        delete extension->lazymessage_value;
+      }
+    } else {
+      ret = extension->message_value;
+    }
+    Erase(number);
+    return ret;
+  }
+}
+
+// Defined in extension_set_heavy.cc.
+// MessageLite* ExtensionSet::ReleaseMessage(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+//                                           MessageFactory* factory);
+
+const MessageLite& ExtensionSet::GetRepeatedMessage(int number,
+                                                    int index) const {
+  const Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(extension != NULL) << "Index out-of-bounds (field is empty).";
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED_FIELD, MESSAGE);
+  return extension->repeated_message_value->Get(index);
+}
+
+MessageLite* ExtensionSet::MutableRepeatedMessage(int number, int index) {
+  Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(extension != NULL) << "Index out-of-bounds (field is empty).";
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED_FIELD, MESSAGE);
+  return extension->repeated_message_value->Mutable(index);
+}
+
+MessageLite* ExtensionSet::AddMessage(int number, FieldType type,
+                                      const MessageLite& prototype,
+                                      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  Extension* extension;
+  if (MaybeNewExtension(number, descriptor, &extension)) {
+    extension->type = type;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type), WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE);
+    extension->is_repeated = true;
+    extension->repeated_message_value =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite>>(arena_);
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED_FIELD, MESSAGE);
+  }
+
+  // RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite> does not know how to Add() since it cannot
+  // allocate an abstract object, so we have to be tricky.
+  MessageLite* result = reinterpret_cast<internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase*>(
+                            extension->repeated_message_value)
+                            ->AddFromCleared<GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>>();
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    result = prototype.New(arena_);
+    extension->repeated_message_value->AddAllocated(result);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Defined in extension_set_heavy.cc.
+// MessageLite* ExtensionSet::AddMessage(int number, FieldType type,
+//                                       const Descriptor* message_type,
+//                                       MessageFactory* factory)
+
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE
+
+void ExtensionSet::RemoveLast(int number) {
+  Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(extension != NULL) << "Index out-of-bounds (field is empty).";
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(extension->is_repeated);
+
+  switch (cpp_type(extension->type)) {
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      extension->repeated_int32_value->RemoveLast();
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      extension->repeated_int64_value->RemoveLast();
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      extension->repeated_uint32_value->RemoveLast();
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      extension->repeated_uint64_value->RemoveLast();
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      extension->repeated_float_value->RemoveLast();
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      extension->repeated_double_value->RemoveLast();
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      extension->repeated_bool_value->RemoveLast();
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      extension->repeated_enum_value->RemoveLast();
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      extension->repeated_string_value->RemoveLast();
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      extension->repeated_message_value->RemoveLast();
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+MessageLite* ExtensionSet::ReleaseLast(int number) {
+  Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(extension != NULL) << "Index out-of-bounds (field is empty).";
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(extension->is_repeated);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(cpp_type(extension->type) == WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE);
+  return extension->repeated_message_value->ReleaseLast();
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::SwapElements(int number, int index1, int index2) {
+  Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(extension != NULL) << "Index out-of-bounds (field is empty).";
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(extension->is_repeated);
+
+  switch (cpp_type(extension->type)) {
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      extension->repeated_int32_value->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      extension->repeated_int64_value->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      extension->repeated_uint32_value->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      extension->repeated_uint64_value->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      extension->repeated_float_value->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      extension->repeated_double_value->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      extension->repeated_bool_value->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      extension->repeated_enum_value->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      extension->repeated_string_value->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+      break;
+    case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      extension->repeated_message_value->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ExtensionSet::Clear() {
+  ForEach([](int /* number */, Extension& ext) { ext.Clear(); });
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Computes the size of a std::set_union without constructing the union.
+template <typename ItX, typename ItY>
+size_t SizeOfUnion(ItX it_xs, ItX end_xs, ItY it_ys, ItY end_ys) {
+  size_t result = 0;
+  while (it_xs != end_xs && it_ys != end_ys) {
+    ++result;
+    if (it_xs->first < it_ys->first) {
+      ++it_xs;
+    } else if (it_xs->first == it_ys->first) {
+      ++it_xs;
+      ++it_ys;
+    } else {
+      ++it_ys;
+    }
+  }
+  result += std::distance(it_xs, end_xs);
+  result += std::distance(it_ys, end_ys);
+  return result;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+void ExtensionSet::MergeFrom(const ExtensionSet& other) {
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(!is_large())) {
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(!other.is_large())) {
+      GrowCapacity(SizeOfUnion(flat_begin(), flat_end(), other.flat_begin(),
+                               other.flat_end()));
+    } else {
+      GrowCapacity(SizeOfUnion(flat_begin(), flat_end(),
+                               other.map_.large->begin(),
+                               other.map_.large->end()));
+    }
+  }
+  other.ForEach([this](int number, const Extension& ext) {
+    this->InternalExtensionMergeFrom(number, ext);
+  });
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::InternalExtensionMergeFrom(
+    int number, const Extension& other_extension) {
+  if (other_extension.is_repeated) {
+    Extension* extension;
+    bool is_new =
+        MaybeNewExtension(number, other_extension.descriptor, &extension);
+    if (is_new) {
+      // Extension did not already exist in set.
+      extension->type = other_extension.type;
+      extension->is_packed = other_extension.is_packed;
+      extension->is_repeated = true;
+    } else {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(extension->type, other_extension.type);
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(extension->is_packed, other_extension.is_packed);
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(extension->is_repeated);
+    }
+
+    switch (cpp_type(other_extension.type)) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE, REPEATED_TYPE) \
+  case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE:              \
+    if (is_new) {                                        \
+      extension->repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value =          \
+          Arena::CreateMessage<REPEATED_TYPE>(arena_);   \
+    }                                                    \
+    extension->repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->MergeFrom(  \
+        *other_extension.repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value);  \
+    break;
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32, RepeatedField<int32>);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64, RepeatedField<int64>);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32, RepeatedField<uint32>);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64, RepeatedField<uint64>);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float, RepeatedField<float>);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double, RepeatedField<double>);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool, RepeatedField<bool>);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, enum, RepeatedField<int>);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, string, RepeatedPtrField<std::string>);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+      case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (is_new) {
+          extension->repeated_message_value =
+              Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite>>(arena_);
+        }
+        // We can't call RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite>::MergeFrom() because
+        // it would attempt to allocate new objects.
+        RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite>* other_repeated_message =
+            other_extension.repeated_message_value;
+        for (int i = 0; i < other_repeated_message->size(); i++) {
+          const MessageLite& other_message = other_repeated_message->Get(i);
+          MessageLite* target =
+              reinterpret_cast<internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase*>(
+                  extension->repeated_message_value)
+                  ->AddFromCleared<GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>>();
+          if (target == NULL) {
+            target = other_message.New(arena_);
+            extension->repeated_message_value->AddAllocated(target);
+          }
+          target->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(other_message);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (!other_extension.is_cleared) {
+      switch (cpp_type(other_extension.type)) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE, CAMELCASE)  \
+  case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE:           \
+    Set##CAMELCASE(number, other_extension.type,      \
+                   other_extension.LOWERCASE##_value, \
+                   other_extension.descriptor);       \
+    break;
+
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32, Int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64, Int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32, UInt32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64, UInt64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float, Float);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double, Double);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool, Bool);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, enum, Enum);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+        case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+          SetString(number, other_extension.type, *other_extension.string_value,
+                    other_extension.descriptor);
+          break;
+        case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+          Extension* extension;
+          bool is_new =
+              MaybeNewExtension(number, other_extension.descriptor, &extension);
+          if (is_new) {
+            extension->type = other_extension.type;
+            extension->is_packed = other_extension.is_packed;
+            extension->is_repeated = false;
+            if (other_extension.is_lazy) {
+              extension->is_lazy = true;
+              extension->lazymessage_value =
+                  other_extension.lazymessage_value->New(arena_);
+              extension->lazymessage_value->MergeFrom(
+                  *other_extension.lazymessage_value);
+            } else {
+              extension->is_lazy = false;
+              extension->message_value =
+                  other_extension.message_value->New(arena_);
+              extension->message_value->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(
+                  *other_extension.message_value);
+            }
+          } else {
+            GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(extension->type, other_extension.type);
+            GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(extension->is_packed, other_extension.is_packed);
+            GOOGLE_DCHECK(!extension->is_repeated);
+            if (other_extension.is_lazy) {
+              if (extension->is_lazy) {
+                extension->lazymessage_value->MergeFrom(
+                    *other_extension.lazymessage_value);
+              } else {
+                extension->message_value->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(
+                    other_extension.lazymessage_value->GetMessage(
+                        *extension->message_value));
+              }
+            } else {
+              if (extension->is_lazy) {
+                extension->lazymessage_value
+                    ->MutableMessage(*other_extension.message_value)
+                    ->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(*other_extension.message_value);
+              } else {
+                extension->message_value->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(
+                    *other_extension.message_value);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          extension->is_cleared = false;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::Swap(ExtensionSet* x) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == x->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+    using std::swap;
+    swap(flat_capacity_, x->flat_capacity_);
+    swap(flat_size_, x->flat_size_);
+    swap(map_, x->map_);
+  } else {
+    // TODO(cfallin, rohananil): We maybe able to optimize a case where we are
+    // swapping from heap to arena-allocated extension set, by just Own()'ing
+    // the extensions.
+    ExtensionSet extension_set;
+    extension_set.MergeFrom(*x);
+    x->Clear();
+    x->MergeFrom(*this);
+    Clear();
+    MergeFrom(extension_set);
+  }
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::SwapExtension(ExtensionSet* other, int number) {
+  if (this == other) return;
+  Extension* this_ext = FindOrNull(number);
+  Extension* other_ext = other->FindOrNull(number);
+
+  if (this_ext == NULL && other_ext == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (this_ext != NULL && other_ext != NULL) {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      using std::swap;
+      swap(*this_ext, *other_ext);
+    } else {
+      // TODO(cfallin, rohananil): We could further optimize these cases,
+      // especially avoid creation of ExtensionSet, and move MergeFrom logic
+      // into Extensions itself (which takes arena as an argument).
+      // We do it this way to reuse the copy-across-arenas logic already
+      // implemented in ExtensionSet's MergeFrom.
+      ExtensionSet temp;
+      temp.InternalExtensionMergeFrom(number, *other_ext);
+      Extension* temp_ext = temp.FindOrNull(number);
+      other_ext->Clear();
+      other->InternalExtensionMergeFrom(number, *this_ext);
+      this_ext->Clear();
+      InternalExtensionMergeFrom(number, *temp_ext);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (this_ext == NULL) {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      *Insert(number).first = *other_ext;
+    } else {
+      InternalExtensionMergeFrom(number, *other_ext);
+    }
+    other->Erase(number);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (other_ext == NULL) {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      *other->Insert(number).first = *this_ext;
+    } else {
+      other->InternalExtensionMergeFrom(number, *this_ext);
+    }
+    Erase(number);
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::IsInitialized() const {
+  // Extensions are never required.  However, we need to check that all
+  // embedded messages are initialized.
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(is_large())) {
+    for (const auto& kv : *map_.large) {
+      if (!kv.second.IsInitialized()) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (const KeyValue* it = flat_begin(); it != flat_end(); ++it) {
+    if (!it->second.IsInitialized()) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::FindExtensionInfoFromTag(uint32 tag,
+                                            ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+                                            int* field_number,
+                                            ExtensionInfo* extension,
+                                            bool* was_packed_on_wire) {
+  *field_number = WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag);
+  WireFormatLite::WireType wire_type = WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag);
+  return FindExtensionInfoFromFieldNumber(wire_type, *field_number,
+                                          extension_finder, extension,
+                                          was_packed_on_wire);
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::FindExtensionInfoFromFieldNumber(
+    int wire_type, int field_number, ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+    ExtensionInfo* extension, bool* was_packed_on_wire) {
+  if (!extension_finder->Find(field_number, extension)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  WireFormatLite::WireType expected_wire_type =
+      WireFormatLite::WireTypeForFieldType(real_type(extension->type));
+
+  // Check if this is a packed field.
+  *was_packed_on_wire = false;
+  if (extension->is_repeated &&
+      wire_type == WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED &&
+      is_packable(expected_wire_type)) {
+    *was_packed_on_wire = true;
+    return true;
+  }
+  // Otherwise the wire type must match.
+  return expected_wire_type == wire_type;
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::ParseField(uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                              ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+                              FieldSkipper* field_skipper) {
+  int number;
+  bool was_packed_on_wire;
+  ExtensionInfo extension;
+  if (!FindExtensionInfoFromTag(tag, extension_finder, &number, &extension,
+                                &was_packed_on_wire)) {
+    return field_skipper->SkipField(input, tag);
+  } else {
+    return ParseFieldWithExtensionInfo(number, was_packed_on_wire, extension,
+                                       input, field_skipper);
+  }
+}
+
+const char* ExtensionSet::ParseField(
+    uint64 tag, const char* ptr, const MessageLite* containing_type,
+    internal::InternalMetadataWithArenaLite* metadata,
+    internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+  GeneratedExtensionFinder finder(containing_type);
+  int number = tag >> 3;
+  bool was_packed_on_wire;
+  ExtensionInfo extension;
+  if (!FindExtensionInfoFromFieldNumber(tag & 7, number, &finder, &extension,
+                                        &was_packed_on_wire)) {
+    return UnknownFieldParse(tag, metadata->mutable_unknown_fields(), ptr, ctx);
+  }
+  return ParseFieldWithExtensionInfo(number, was_packed_on_wire, extension,
+                                     metadata, ptr, ctx);
+}
+
+const char* ExtensionSet::ParseMessageSetItem(
+    const char* ptr, const MessageLite* containing_type,
+    internal::InternalMetadataWithArenaLite* metadata,
+    internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return ParseMessageSetItemTmpl(ptr, containing_type, metadata, ctx);
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::ParseFieldWithExtensionInfo(int number,
+                                               bool was_packed_on_wire,
+                                               const ExtensionInfo& extension,
+                                               io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                               FieldSkipper* field_skipper) {
+  // Explicitly not read extension.is_packed, instead check whether the field
+  // was encoded in packed form on the wire.
+  if (was_packed_on_wire) {
+    uint32 size;
+    if (!input->ReadVarint32(&size)) return false;
+    io::CodedInputStream::Limit limit = input->PushLimit(size);
+
+    switch (extension.type) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CPP_CAMELCASE, CPP_LOWERCASE)                \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                                    \
+    while (input->BytesUntilLimit() > 0) {                                  \
+      CPP_LOWERCASE value;                                                  \
+      if (!WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<CPP_LOWERCASE,                     \
+                                         WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE>( \
+              input, &value))                                               \
+        return false;                                                       \
+      Add##CPP_CAMELCASE(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE,          \
+                         extension.is_packed, value, extension.descriptor); \
+    }                                                                       \
+    break
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, Int32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, Int64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SINT32, Int32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SINT64, Int64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED32, UInt32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED64, UInt64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED32, Int32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED64, Int64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, Float, float);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double, double);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool, bool);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM:
+        while (input->BytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+          int value;
+          if (!WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<int, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(
+                  input, &value))
+            return false;
+          if (extension.enum_validity_check.func(
+                  extension.enum_validity_check.arg, value)) {
+            AddEnum(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM, extension.is_packed,
+                    value, extension.descriptor);
+          } else {
+            // Invalid value.  Treat as unknown.
+            field_skipper->SkipUnknownEnum(number, value);
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING:
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES:
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP:
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Non-primitive types can't be packed.";
+        break;
+    }
+
+    input->PopLimit(limit);
+  } else {
+    switch (extension.type) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CPP_CAMELCASE, CPP_LOWERCASE)                \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE: {                                  \
+    CPP_LOWERCASE value;                                                    \
+    if (!WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<CPP_LOWERCASE,                       \
+                                       WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE>(   \
+            input, &value))                                                 \
+      return false;                                                         \
+    if (extension.is_repeated) {                                            \
+      Add##CPP_CAMELCASE(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE,          \
+                         extension.is_packed, value, extension.descriptor); \
+    } else {                                                                \
+      Set##CPP_CAMELCASE(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE, value,   \
+                         extension.descriptor);                             \
+    }                                                                       \
+  } break
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, Int32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, Int64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SINT32, Int32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SINT64, Int64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED32, UInt32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED64, UInt64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED32, Int32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED64, Int64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, Float, float);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double, double);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool, bool);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM: {
+        int value;
+        if (!WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<int, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(
+                input, &value))
+          return false;
+
+        if (!extension.enum_validity_check.func(
+                extension.enum_validity_check.arg, value)) {
+          // Invalid value.  Treat as unknown.
+          field_skipper->SkipUnknownEnum(number, value);
+        } else if (extension.is_repeated) {
+          AddEnum(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM, extension.is_packed, value,
+                  extension.descriptor);
+        } else {
+          SetEnum(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM, value,
+                  extension.descriptor);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING: {
+        std::string* value =
+            extension.is_repeated
+                ? AddString(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING,
+                            extension.descriptor)
+                : MutableString(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING,
+                                extension.descriptor);
+        if (!WireFormatLite::ReadString(input, value)) return false;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES: {
+        std::string* value =
+            extension.is_repeated
+                ? AddString(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES,
+                            extension.descriptor)
+                : MutableString(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES,
+                                extension.descriptor);
+        if (!WireFormatLite::ReadBytes(input, value)) return false;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP: {
+        MessageLite* value =
+            extension.is_repeated
+                ? AddMessage(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP,
+                             *extension.message_info.prototype,
+                             extension.descriptor)
+                : MutableMessage(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP,
+                                 *extension.message_info.prototype,
+                                 extension.descriptor);
+        if (!WireFormatLite::ReadGroup(number, input, value)) return false;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        MessageLite* value =
+            extension.is_repeated
+                ? AddMessage(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                             *extension.message_info.prototype,
+                             extension.descriptor)
+                : MutableMessage(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                                 *extension.message_info.prototype,
+                                 extension.descriptor);
+        if (!WireFormatLite::ReadMessage(input, value)) return false;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::ParseField(uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                              const MessageLite* containing_type) {
+  FieldSkipper skipper;
+  GeneratedExtensionFinder finder(containing_type);
+  return ParseField(tag, input, &finder, &skipper);
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::ParseField(uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                              const MessageLite* containing_type,
+                              io::CodedOutputStream* unknown_fields) {
+  CodedOutputStreamFieldSkipper skipper(unknown_fields);
+  GeneratedExtensionFinder finder(containing_type);
+  return ParseField(tag, input, &finder, &skipper);
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::ParseMessageSetLite(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                       ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+                                       FieldSkipper* field_skipper) {
+  while (true) {
+    const uint32 tag = input->ReadTag();
+    switch (tag) {
+      case 0:
+        return true;
+      case WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemStartTag:
+        if (!ParseMessageSetItemLite(input, extension_finder, field_skipper)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (!ParseField(tag, input, extension_finder, field_skipper)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::ParseMessageSetItemLite(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                           ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+                                           FieldSkipper* field_skipper) {
+  struct MSLite {
+    bool ParseField(int type_id, io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+      return me->ParseField(
+          WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED + 8 * type_id, input,
+          extension_finder, field_skipper);
+    }
+
+    bool SkipField(uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+      return field_skipper->SkipField(input, tag);
+    }
+
+    ExtensionSet* me;
+    ExtensionFinder* extension_finder;
+    FieldSkipper* field_skipper;
+  };
+
+  return ParseMessageSetItemImpl(input,
+                                 MSLite{this, extension_finder, field_skipper});
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::ParseMessageSet(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                   const MessageLite* containing_type,
+                                   std::string* unknown_fields) {
+  io::StringOutputStream zcis(unknown_fields);
+  io::CodedOutputStream output(&zcis);
+  CodedOutputStreamFieldSkipper skipper(&output);
+  GeneratedExtensionFinder finder(containing_type);
+  return ParseMessageSetLite(input, &finder, &skipper);
+}
+
+uint8* ExtensionSet::_InternalSerialize(int start_field_number,
+                                        int end_field_number, uint8* target,
+                                        io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(is_large())) {
+    const auto& end = map_.large->end();
+    for (auto it = map_.large->lower_bound(start_field_number);
+         it != end && it->first < end_field_number; ++it) {
+      target = it->second.InternalSerializeFieldWithCachedSizesToArray(
+          it->first, target, stream);
+    }
+    return target;
+  }
+  const KeyValue* end = flat_end();
+  for (const KeyValue* it = std::lower_bound(
+           flat_begin(), end, start_field_number, KeyValue::FirstComparator());
+       it != end && it->first < end_field_number; ++it) {
+    target = it->second.InternalSerializeFieldWithCachedSizesToArray(
+        it->first, target, stream);
+  }
+  return target;
+}
+
+uint8* ExtensionSet::InternalSerializeMessageSetWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    uint8* target, io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  ForEach([&target, stream](int number, const Extension& ext) {
+    target = ext.InternalSerializeMessageSetItemWithCachedSizesToArray(
+        number, target, stream);
+  });
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t ExtensionSet::ByteSize() const {
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+  ForEach([&total_size](int number, const Extension& ext) {
+    total_size += ext.ByteSize(number);
+  });
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+// Defined in extension_set_heavy.cc.
+// int ExtensionSet::SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const
+
+bool ExtensionSet::MaybeNewExtension(int number,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                     Extension** result) {
+  bool extension_is_new = false;
+  std::tie(*result, extension_is_new) = Insert(number);
+  (*result)->descriptor = descriptor;
+  return extension_is_new;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Methods of ExtensionSet::Extension
+
+void ExtensionSet::Extension::Clear() {
+  if (is_repeated) {
+    switch (cpp_type(type)) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE)   \
+  case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE: \
+    repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->Clear();  \
+    break
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, enum);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, string);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(MESSAGE, message);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (!is_cleared) {
+      switch (cpp_type(type)) {
+        case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+          string_value->clear();
+          break;
+        case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+          if (is_lazy) {
+            lazymessage_value->Clear();
+          } else {
+            message_value->Clear();
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          // No need to do anything.  Get*() will return the default value
+          // as long as is_cleared is true and Set*() will overwrite the
+          // previous value.
+          break;
+      }
+
+      is_cleared = true;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+size_t ExtensionSet::Extension::ByteSize(int number) const {
+  size_t result = 0;
+
+  if (is_repeated) {
+    if (is_packed) {
+      switch (real_type(type)) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE, LOWERCASE)                 \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                             \
+    for (int i = 0; i < repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size(); i++) { \
+      result += WireFormatLite::CAMELCASE##Size(                     \
+          repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->Get(i));                     \
+    }                                                                \
+    break
+
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, Int32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, Int64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32, uint32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64, uint64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SINT32, SInt32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SINT64, SInt64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, Enum, enum);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+        // Stuff with fixed size.
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE, LOWERCASE)             \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                         \
+    result += WireFormatLite::k##CAMELCASE##Size *               \
+              FromIntSize(repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size()); \
+    break
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED32, Fixed32, uint32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED64, Fixed64, uint64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED32, SFixed32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED64, SFixed64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, Float, float);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double, double);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool, bool);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING:
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES:
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP:
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+          GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Non-primitive types can't be packed.";
+          break;
+      }
+
+      cached_size = ToCachedSize(result);
+      if (result > 0) {
+        result += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(result);
+        result += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+            number, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED));
+      }
+    } else {
+      size_t tag_size = WireFormatLite::TagSize(number, real_type(type));
+
+      switch (real_type(type)) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE, LOWERCASE)                        \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                                    \
+    result += tag_size * FromIntSize(repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size()); \
+    for (int i = 0; i < repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size(); i++) {        \
+      result += WireFormatLite::CAMELCASE##Size(                            \
+          repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->Get(i));                            \
+    }                                                                       \
+    break
+
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, Int32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, Int64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32, uint32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64, uint64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SINT32, SInt32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SINT64, SInt64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, String, string);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(BYTES, Bytes, string);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, Enum, enum);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(GROUP, Group, message);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(MESSAGE, Message, message);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+        // Stuff with fixed size.
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE, LOWERCASE)             \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                         \
+    result += (tag_size + WireFormatLite::k##CAMELCASE##Size) *  \
+              FromIntSize(repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size()); \
+    break
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED32, Fixed32, uint32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED64, Fixed64, uint64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED32, SFixed32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED64, SFixed64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, Float, float);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double, double);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool, bool);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (!is_cleared) {
+    result += WireFormatLite::TagSize(number, real_type(type));
+    switch (real_type(type)) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE, LOWERCASE)      \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                  \
+    result += WireFormatLite::CAMELCASE##Size(LOWERCASE); \
+    break
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, Int32, int32_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, Int64, int64_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32, uint32_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64, uint64_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SINT32, SInt32, int32_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SINT64, SInt64, int64_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, String, *string_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BYTES, Bytes, *string_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, Enum, enum_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(GROUP, Group, *message_value);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        if (is_lazy) {
+          size_t size = lazymessage_value->ByteSizeLong();
+          result += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(size) + size;
+        } else {
+          result += WireFormatLite::MessageSize(*message_value);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // Stuff with fixed size.
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE)         \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:          \
+    result += WireFormatLite::k##CAMELCASE##Size; \
+    break
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED32, Fixed32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED64, Fixed64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED32, SFixed32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED64, SFixed64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, Float);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+int ExtensionSet::Extension::GetSize() const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(is_repeated);
+  switch (cpp_type(type)) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE)   \
+  case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE: \
+    return repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size()
+
+    HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, enum);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, string);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(MESSAGE, message);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// This function deletes all allocated objects. This function should be only
+// called if the Extension was created with an arena.
+void ExtensionSet::Extension::Free() {
+  if (is_repeated) {
+    switch (cpp_type(type)) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE)   \
+  case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE: \
+    delete repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value;    \
+    break
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, enum);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, string);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(MESSAGE, message);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+    }
+  } else {
+    switch (cpp_type(type)) {
+      case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        delete string_value;
+        break;
+      case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (is_lazy) {
+          delete lazymessage_value;
+        } else {
+          delete message_value;
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Defined in extension_set_heavy.cc.
+// int ExtensionSet::Extension::SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const
+
+bool ExtensionSet::Extension::IsInitialized() const {
+  if (cpp_type(type) == WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    if (is_repeated) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < repeated_message_value->size(); i++) {
+        if (!repeated_message_value->Get(i).IsInitialized()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (!is_cleared) {
+        if (is_lazy) {
+          if (!lazymessage_value->IsInitialized()) return false;
+        } else {
+          if (!message_value->IsInitialized()) return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Dummy key method to avoid weak vtable.
+void ExtensionSet::LazyMessageExtension::UnusedKeyMethod() {}
+
+const ExtensionSet::Extension* ExtensionSet::FindOrNull(int key) const {
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(is_large())) {
+    return FindOrNullInLargeMap(key);
+  }
+  const KeyValue* end = flat_end();
+  const KeyValue* it =
+      std::lower_bound(flat_begin(), end, key, KeyValue::FirstComparator());
+  if (it != end && it->first == key) {
+    return &it->second;
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+const ExtensionSet::Extension* ExtensionSet::FindOrNullInLargeMap(
+    int key) const {
+  assert(is_large());
+  LargeMap::const_iterator it = map_.large->find(key);
+  if (it != map_.large->end()) {
+    return &it->second;
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+ExtensionSet::Extension* ExtensionSet::FindOrNull(int key) {
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(is_large())) {
+    return FindOrNullInLargeMap(key);
+  }
+  KeyValue* end = flat_end();
+  KeyValue* it =
+      std::lower_bound(flat_begin(), end, key, KeyValue::FirstComparator());
+  if (it != end && it->first == key) {
+    return &it->second;
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+ExtensionSet::Extension* ExtensionSet::FindOrNullInLargeMap(int key) {
+  assert(is_large());
+  LargeMap::iterator it = map_.large->find(key);
+  if (it != map_.large->end()) {
+    return &it->second;
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+std::pair<ExtensionSet::Extension*, bool> ExtensionSet::Insert(int key) {
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(is_large())) {
+    auto maybe = map_.large->insert({key, Extension()});
+    return {&maybe.first->second, maybe.second};
+  }
+  KeyValue* end = flat_end();
+  KeyValue* it =
+      std::lower_bound(flat_begin(), end, key, KeyValue::FirstComparator());
+  if (it != end && it->first == key) {
+    return {&it->second, false};
+  }
+  if (flat_size_ < flat_capacity_) {
+    std::copy_backward(it, end, end + 1);
+    ++flat_size_;
+    it->first = key;
+    it->second = Extension();
+    return {&it->second, true};
+  }
+  GrowCapacity(flat_size_ + 1);
+  return Insert(key);
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::GrowCapacity(size_t minimum_new_capacity) {
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(is_large())) {
+    return;  // LargeMap does not have a "reserve" method.
+  }
+  if (flat_capacity_ >= minimum_new_capacity) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const auto old_flat_capacity = flat_capacity_;
+
+  do {
+    flat_capacity_ = flat_capacity_ == 0 ? 1 : flat_capacity_ * 4;
+  } while (flat_capacity_ < minimum_new_capacity);
+
+  const KeyValue* begin = flat_begin();
+  const KeyValue* end = flat_end();
+  if (flat_capacity_ > kMaximumFlatCapacity) {
+    // Switch to LargeMap
+    map_.large = Arena::Create<LargeMap>(arena_);
+    LargeMap::iterator hint = map_.large->begin();
+    for (const KeyValue* it = begin; it != end; ++it) {
+      hint = map_.large->insert(hint, {it->first, it->second});
+    }
+    flat_size_ = 0;
+  } else {
+    map_.flat = Arena::CreateArray<KeyValue>(arena_, flat_capacity_);
+    std::copy(begin, end, map_.flat);
+  }
+  if (arena_ == nullptr) {
+    DeleteFlatMap(begin, old_flat_capacity);
+  }
+}
+
+// static
+constexpr uint16 ExtensionSet::kMaximumFlatCapacity;
+
+void ExtensionSet::Erase(int key) {
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(is_large())) {
+    map_.large->erase(key);
+    return;
+  }
+  KeyValue* end = flat_end();
+  KeyValue* it =
+      std::lower_bound(flat_begin(), end, key, KeyValue::FirstComparator());
+  if (it != end && it->first == key) {
+    std::copy(it + 1, end, it);
+    --flat_size_;
+  }
+}
+
+// ==================================================================
+// Default repeated field instances for iterator-compatible accessors
+
+const RepeatedPrimitiveDefaults* RepeatedPrimitiveDefaults::default_instance() {
+  static auto instance = OnShutdownDelete(new RepeatedPrimitiveDefaults);
+  return instance;
+}
+
+const RepeatedStringTypeTraits::RepeatedFieldType*
+RepeatedStringTypeTraits::GetDefaultRepeatedField() {
+  static auto instance = OnShutdownDelete(new RepeatedFieldType);
+  return instance;
+}
+
+uint8* ExtensionSet::Extension::InternalSerializeFieldWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    int number, uint8* target, io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  if (is_repeated) {
+    if (is_packed) {
+      if (cached_size == 0) return target;
+
+      target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+      target = WireFormatLite::WriteTagToArray(
+          number, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, target);
+      target = WireFormatLite::WriteInt32NoTagToArray(cached_size, target);
+
+      switch (real_type(type)) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE, LOWERCASE)                 \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                             \
+    for (int i = 0; i < repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size(); i++) { \
+      target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);                          \
+      target = WireFormatLite::Write##CAMELCASE##NoTagToArray(       \
+          repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->Get(i), target);             \
+    }                                                                \
+    break
+
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, Int32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, Int64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32, uint32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64, uint64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SINT32, SInt32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SINT64, SInt64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED32, Fixed32, uint32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED64, Fixed64, uint64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED32, SFixed32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED64, SFixed64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, Float, float);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double, double);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool, bool);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, Enum, enum);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING:
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES:
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP:
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+          GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Non-primitive types can't be packed.";
+          break;
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (real_type(type)) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE, LOWERCASE)                 \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                             \
+    for (int i = 0; i < repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size(); i++) { \
+      target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);                          \
+      target = WireFormatLite::Write##CAMELCASE##ToArray(            \
+          number, repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->Get(i), target);     \
+    }                                                                \
+    break
+
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, Int32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, Int64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32, uint32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64, uint64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SINT32, SInt32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SINT64, SInt64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED32, Fixed32, uint32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED64, Fixed64, uint64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED32, SFixed32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED64, SFixed64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, Float, float);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double, double);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool, bool);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, Enum, enum);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE, LOWERCASE)                 \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                             \
+    for (int i = 0; i < repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size(); i++) { \
+      target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);                          \
+      target = stream->WriteString(                                  \
+          number, repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->Get(i), target);     \
+    }                                                                \
+    break
+        HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, String, string);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(BYTES, Bytes, string);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE, LOWERCASE)                     \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                                 \
+    for (int i = 0; i < repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size(); i++) {     \
+      target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);                              \
+      target = WireFormatLite::InternalWrite##CAMELCASE(                 \
+          number, repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->Get(i), target, stream); \
+    }                                                                    \
+    break
+
+        HANDLE_TYPE(GROUP, Group, message);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(MESSAGE, Message, message);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (!is_cleared) {
+    switch (real_type(type)) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE, VALUE)                               \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                                       \
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);                                      \
+    target = WireFormatLite::Write##CAMELCASE##ToArray(number, VALUE, target); \
+    break
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, Int32, int32_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, Int64, int64_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32, uint32_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64, uint64_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SINT32, SInt32, int32_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SINT64, SInt64, int64_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED32, Fixed32, uint32_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED64, Fixed64, uint64_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED32, SFixed32, int32_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED64, SFixed64, int64_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, Float, float_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double, double_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool, bool_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, Enum, enum_value);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE, VALUE)         \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                 \
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);                \
+    target = stream->WriteString(number, VALUE, target); \
+    break
+      HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, String, *string_value);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BYTES, Bytes, *string_value);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP:
+        target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+        target = WireFormatLite::InternalWriteGroup(number, *message_value,
+                                                    target, stream);
+        break;
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (is_lazy) {
+          target =
+              lazymessage_value->WriteMessageToArray(number, target, stream);
+        } else {
+          target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+          target = WireFormatLite::InternalWriteMessage(number, *message_value,
+                                                        target, stream);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  return target;
+}
+
+uint8*
+ExtensionSet::Extension::InternalSerializeMessageSetItemWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    int number, uint8* target, io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  if (type != WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE || is_repeated) {
+    // Not a valid MessageSet extension, but serialize it the normal way.
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Invalid message set extension.";
+    return InternalSerializeFieldWithCachedSizesToArray(number, target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (is_cleared) return target;
+
+  target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+  // Start group.
+  target = io::CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(
+      WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemStartTag, target);
+  // Write type ID.
+  target = WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32ToArray(
+      WireFormatLite::kMessageSetTypeIdNumber, number, target);
+  // Write message.
+  if (is_lazy) {
+    target = lazymessage_value->WriteMessageToArray(
+        WireFormatLite::kMessageSetMessageNumber, target, stream);
+  } else {
+    target = WireFormatLite::InternalWriteMessage(
+        WireFormatLite::kMessageSetMessageNumber, *message_value, target,
+        stream);
+  }
+  // End group.
+  target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+  target = io::CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(
+      WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemEndTag, target);
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t ExtensionSet::Extension::MessageSetItemByteSize(int number) const {
+  if (type != WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE || is_repeated) {
+    // Not a valid MessageSet extension, but compute the byte size for it the
+    // normal way.
+    return ByteSize(number);
+  }
+
+  if (is_cleared) return 0;
+
+  size_t our_size = WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemTagsSize;
+
+  // type_id
+  our_size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(number);
+
+  // message
+  size_t message_size = 0;
+  if (is_lazy) {
+    message_size = lazymessage_value->ByteSizeLong();
+  } else {
+    message_size = message_value->ByteSizeLong();
+  }
+
+  our_size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(message_size);
+  our_size += message_size;
+
+  return our_size;
+}
+
+size_t ExtensionSet::MessageSetByteSize() const {
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+  ForEach([&total_size](int number, const Extension& ext) {
+    total_size += ext.MessageSetItemByteSize(number);
+  });
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..222f6dbcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1587 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This header is logically internal, but is made public because it is used
+// from protocol-compiler-generated code, which may reside in other components.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_SET_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_SET_H__
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/parse_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class Arena;
+class Descriptor;       // descriptor.h
+class FieldDescriptor;  // descriptor.h
+class DescriptorPool;   // descriptor.h
+class MessageLite;      // message_lite.h
+class Message;          // message.h
+class MessageFactory;   // message.h
+class UnknownFieldSet;  // unknown_field_set.h
+namespace internal {
+class FieldSkipper;  // wire_format_lite.h
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+class InternalMetadataWithArenaLite;
+class InternalMetadataWithArena;
+
+// Used to store values of type WireFormatLite::FieldType without having to
+// #include wire_format_lite.h.  Also, ensures that we use only one byte to
+// store these values, which is important to keep the layout of
+// ExtensionSet::Extension small.
+typedef uint8 FieldType;
+
+// A function which, given an integer value, returns true if the number
+// matches one of the defined values for the corresponding enum type.  This
+// is used with RegisterEnumExtension, below.
+typedef bool EnumValidityFunc(int number);
+
+// Version of the above which takes an argument.  This is needed to deal with
+// extensions that are not compiled in.
+typedef bool EnumValidityFuncWithArg(const void* arg, int number);
+
+// Information about a registered extension.
+struct ExtensionInfo {
+  inline ExtensionInfo() {}
+  inline ExtensionInfo(FieldType type_param, bool isrepeated, bool ispacked)
+      : type(type_param),
+        is_repeated(isrepeated),
+        is_packed(ispacked),
+        descriptor(NULL) {}
+
+  FieldType type;
+  bool is_repeated;
+  bool is_packed;
+
+  struct EnumValidityCheck {
+    EnumValidityFuncWithArg* func;
+    const void* arg;
+  };
+
+  struct MessageInfo {
+    const MessageLite* prototype;
+  };
+
+  union {
+    EnumValidityCheck enum_validity_check;
+    MessageInfo message_info;
+  };
+
+  // The descriptor for this extension, if one exists and is known.  May be
+  // NULL.  Must not be NULL if the descriptor for the extension does not
+  // live in the same pool as the descriptor for the containing type.
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor;
+};
+
+// Abstract interface for an object which looks up extension definitions.  Used
+// when parsing.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ExtensionFinder {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ExtensionFinder();
+
+  // Find the extension with the given containing type and number.
+  virtual bool Find(int number, ExtensionInfo* output) = 0;
+};
+
+// Implementation of ExtensionFinder which finds extensions defined in .proto
+// files which have been compiled into the binary.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedExtensionFinder : public ExtensionFinder {
+ public:
+  GeneratedExtensionFinder(const MessageLite* containing_type)
+      : containing_type_(containing_type) {}
+  ~GeneratedExtensionFinder() override {}
+
+  // Returns true and fills in *output if found, otherwise returns false.
+  bool Find(int number, ExtensionInfo* output) override;
+
+ private:
+  const MessageLite* containing_type_;
+};
+
+// A FieldSkipper used for parsing MessageSet.
+class MessageSetFieldSkipper;
+
+// Note:  extension_set_heavy.cc defines DescriptorPoolExtensionFinder for
+// finding extensions from a DescriptorPool.
+
+// This is an internal helper class intended for use within the protocol buffer
+// library and generated classes.  Clients should not use it directly.  Instead,
+// use the generated accessors such as GetExtension() of the class being
+// extended.
+//
+// This class manages extensions for a protocol message object.  The
+// message's HasExtension(), GetExtension(), MutableExtension(), and
+// ClearExtension() methods are just thin wrappers around the embedded
+// ExtensionSet.  When parsing, if a tag number is encountered which is
+// inside one of the message type's extension ranges, the tag is passed
+// off to the ExtensionSet for parsing.  Etc.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ExtensionSet {
+ public:
+  ExtensionSet();
+  explicit ExtensionSet(Arena* arena);
+  ~ExtensionSet();
+
+  // These are called at startup by protocol-compiler-generated code to
+  // register known extensions.  The registrations are used by ParseField()
+  // to look up extensions for parsed field numbers.  Note that dynamic parsing
+  // does not use ParseField(); only protocol-compiler-generated parsing
+  // methods do.
+  static void RegisterExtension(const MessageLite* containing_type, int number,
+                                FieldType type, bool is_repeated,
+                                bool is_packed);
+  static void RegisterEnumExtension(const MessageLite* containing_type,
+                                    int number, FieldType type,
+                                    bool is_repeated, bool is_packed,
+                                    EnumValidityFunc* is_valid);
+  static void RegisterMessageExtension(const MessageLite* containing_type,
+                                       int number, FieldType type,
+                                       bool is_repeated, bool is_packed,
+                                       const MessageLite* prototype);
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  // Add all fields which are currently present to the given vector.  This
+  // is useful to implement Reflection::ListFields().
+  void AppendToList(const Descriptor* containing_type,
+                    const DescriptorPool* pool,
+                    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* output) const;
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Accessors
+  //
+  // Generated message classes include type-safe templated wrappers around
+  // these methods.  Generally you should use those rather than call these
+  // directly, unless you are doing low-level memory management.
+  //
+  // When calling any of these accessors, the extension number requested
+  // MUST exist in the DescriptorPool provided to the constructor.  Otherwise,
+  // the method will fail an assert.  Normally, though, you would not call
+  // these directly; you would either call the generated accessors of your
+  // message class (e.g. GetExtension()) or you would call the accessors
+  // of the reflection interface.  In both cases, it is impossible to
+  // trigger this assert failure:  the generated accessors only accept
+  // linked-in extension types as parameters, while the Reflection interface
+  // requires you to provide the FieldDescriptor describing the extension.
+  //
+  // When calling any of these accessors, a protocol-compiler-generated
+  // implementation of the extension corresponding to the number MUST
+  // be linked in, and the FieldDescriptor used to refer to it MUST be
+  // the one generated by that linked-in code.  Otherwise, the method will
+  // die on an assert failure.  The message objects returned by the message
+  // accessors are guaranteed to be of the correct linked-in type.
+  //
+  // These methods pretty much match Reflection except that:
+  // - They're not virtual.
+  // - They identify fields by number rather than FieldDescriptors.
+  // - They identify enum values using integers rather than descriptors.
+  // - Strings provide Mutable() in addition to Set() accessors.
+
+  bool Has(int number) const;
+  int ExtensionSize(int number) const;  // Size of a repeated extension.
+  int NumExtensions() const;            // The number of extensions
+  FieldType ExtensionType(int number) const;
+  void ClearExtension(int number);
+
+  // singular fields -------------------------------------------------
+
+  int32 GetInt32(int number, int32 default_value) const;
+  int64 GetInt64(int number, int64 default_value) const;
+  uint32 GetUInt32(int number, uint32 default_value) const;
+  uint64 GetUInt64(int number, uint64 default_value) const;
+  float GetFloat(int number, float default_value) const;
+  double GetDouble(int number, double default_value) const;
+  bool GetBool(int number, bool default_value) const;
+  int GetEnum(int number, int default_value) const;
+  const std::string& GetString(int number,
+                               const std::string& default_value) const;
+  const MessageLite& GetMessage(int number,
+                                const MessageLite& default_value) const;
+  const MessageLite& GetMessage(int number, const Descriptor* message_type,
+                                MessageFactory* factory) const;
+
+  // |descriptor| may be NULL so long as it is known that the descriptor for
+  // the extension lives in the same pool as the descriptor for the containing
+  // type.
+#define desc const FieldDescriptor* descriptor  // avoid line wrapping
+  void SetInt32(int number, FieldType type, int32 value, desc);
+  void SetInt64(int number, FieldType type, int64 value, desc);
+  void SetUInt32(int number, FieldType type, uint32 value, desc);
+  void SetUInt64(int number, FieldType type, uint64 value, desc);
+  void SetFloat(int number, FieldType type, float value, desc);
+  void SetDouble(int number, FieldType type, double value, desc);
+  void SetBool(int number, FieldType type, bool value, desc);
+  void SetEnum(int number, FieldType type, int value, desc);
+  void SetString(int number, FieldType type, std::string value, desc);
+  std::string* MutableString(int number, FieldType type, desc);
+  MessageLite* MutableMessage(int number, FieldType type,
+                              const MessageLite& prototype, desc);
+  MessageLite* MutableMessage(const FieldDescriptor* decsriptor,
+                              MessageFactory* factory);
+  // Adds the given message to the ExtensionSet, taking ownership of the
+  // message object. Existing message with the same number will be deleted.
+  // If "message" is NULL, this is equivalent to "ClearExtension(number)".
+  void SetAllocatedMessage(int number, FieldType type,
+                           const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                           MessageLite* message);
+  void UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(int number, FieldType type,
+                                      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                      MessageLite* message);
+  MessageLite* ReleaseMessage(int number, const MessageLite& prototype);
+  MessageLite* UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(int number,
+                                         const MessageLite& prototype);
+
+  MessageLite* ReleaseMessage(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                              MessageFactory* factory);
+  MessageLite* UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                         MessageFactory* factory);
+#undef desc
+  Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const { return arena_; }
+
+  // repeated fields -------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Fetches a RepeatedField extension by number; returns |default_value|
+  // if no such extension exists. User should not touch this directly; it is
+  // used by the GetRepeatedExtension() method.
+  const void* GetRawRepeatedField(int number, const void* default_value) const;
+  // Fetches a mutable version of a RepeatedField extension by number,
+  // instantiating one if none exists. Similar to above, user should not use
+  // this directly; it underlies MutableRepeatedExtension().
+  void* MutableRawRepeatedField(int number, FieldType field_type, bool packed,
+                                const FieldDescriptor* desc);
+
+  // This is an overload of MutableRawRepeatedField to maintain compatibility
+  // with old code using a previous API. This version of
+  // MutableRawRepeatedField() will GOOGLE_CHECK-fail on a missing extension.
+  // (E.g.: borg/clients/internal/proto1/proto2_reflection.cc.)
+  void* MutableRawRepeatedField(int number);
+
+  int32 GetRepeatedInt32(int number, int index) const;
+  int64 GetRepeatedInt64(int number, int index) const;
+  uint32 GetRepeatedUInt32(int number, int index) const;
+  uint64 GetRepeatedUInt64(int number, int index) const;
+  float GetRepeatedFloat(int number, int index) const;
+  double GetRepeatedDouble(int number, int index) const;
+  bool GetRepeatedBool(int number, int index) const;
+  int GetRepeatedEnum(int number, int index) const;
+  const std::string& GetRepeatedString(int number, int index) const;
+  const MessageLite& GetRepeatedMessage(int number, int index) const;
+
+  void SetRepeatedInt32(int number, int index, int32 value);
+  void SetRepeatedInt64(int number, int index, int64 value);
+  void SetRepeatedUInt32(int number, int index, uint32 value);
+  void SetRepeatedUInt64(int number, int index, uint64 value);
+  void SetRepeatedFloat(int number, int index, float value);
+  void SetRepeatedDouble(int number, int index, double value);
+  void SetRepeatedBool(int number, int index, bool value);
+  void SetRepeatedEnum(int number, int index, int value);
+  void SetRepeatedString(int number, int index, std::string value);
+  std::string* MutableRepeatedString(int number, int index);
+  MessageLite* MutableRepeatedMessage(int number, int index);
+
+#define desc const FieldDescriptor* descriptor  // avoid line wrapping
+  void AddInt32(int number, FieldType type, bool packed, int32 value, desc);
+  void AddInt64(int number, FieldType type, bool packed, int64 value, desc);
+  void AddUInt32(int number, FieldType type, bool packed, uint32 value, desc);
+  void AddUInt64(int number, FieldType type, bool packed, uint64 value, desc);
+  void AddFloat(int number, FieldType type, bool packed, float value, desc);
+  void AddDouble(int number, FieldType type, bool packed, double value, desc);
+  void AddBool(int number, FieldType type, bool packed, bool value, desc);
+  void AddEnum(int number, FieldType type, bool packed, int value, desc);
+  void AddString(int number, FieldType type, std::string value, desc);
+  std::string* AddString(int number, FieldType type, desc);
+  MessageLite* AddMessage(int number, FieldType type,
+                          const MessageLite& prototype, desc);
+  MessageLite* AddMessage(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                          MessageFactory* factory);
+  void AddAllocatedMessage(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                           MessageLite* new_entry);
+#undef desc
+
+  void RemoveLast(int number);
+  MessageLite* ReleaseLast(int number);
+  void SwapElements(int number, int index1, int index2);
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // TODO(kenton):  Hardcore memory management accessors
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // convenience methods for implementing methods of Message
+  //
+  // These could all be implemented in terms of the other methods of this
+  // class, but providing them here helps keep the generated code size down.
+
+  void Clear();
+  void MergeFrom(const ExtensionSet& other);
+  void Swap(ExtensionSet* other);
+  void SwapExtension(ExtensionSet* other, int number);
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  // Parses a single extension from the input. The input should start out
+  // positioned immediately after the tag.
+  bool ParseField(uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                  ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+                  FieldSkipper* field_skipper);
+
+  // Specific versions for lite or full messages (constructs the appropriate
+  // FieldSkipper automatically).  |containing_type| is the default
+  // instance for the containing message; it is used only to look up the
+  // extension by number.  See RegisterExtension(), above.  Unlike the other
+  // methods of ExtensionSet, this only works for generated message types --
+  // it looks up extensions registered using RegisterExtension().
+  bool ParseField(uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                  const MessageLite* containing_type);
+  bool ParseField(uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                  const Message* containing_type,
+                  UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
+  bool ParseField(uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                  const MessageLite* containing_type,
+                  io::CodedOutputStream* unknown_fields);
+
+  // Lite parser
+  const char* ParseField(uint64 tag, const char* ptr,
+                         const MessageLite* containing_type,
+                         internal::InternalMetadataWithArenaLite* metadata,
+                         internal::ParseContext* ctx);
+  // Full parser
+  const char* ParseField(uint64 tag, const char* ptr,
+                         const Message* containing_type,
+                         internal::InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata,
+                         internal::ParseContext* ctx);
+  template <typename Msg, typename Metadata>
+  const char* ParseMessageSet(const char* ptr, const Msg* containing_type,
+                              Metadata* metadata, internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+    struct MessageSetItem {
+      const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+        return me->ParseMessageSetItem(ptr, containing_type, metadata, ctx);
+      }
+      ExtensionSet* me;
+      const Msg* containing_type;
+      Metadata* metadata;
+    } item{this, containing_type, metadata};
+    while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+      uint32 tag;
+      ptr = ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+      if (tag == WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemStartTag) {
+        ptr = ctx->ParseGroup(&item, ptr, tag);
+        GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+      } else {
+        if (tag == 0 || (tag & 7) == 4) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          return ptr;
+        }
+        ptr = ParseField(tag, ptr, containing_type, metadata, ctx);
+        GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+      }
+    }
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+  // Parse an entire message in MessageSet format.  Such messages have no
+  // fields, only extensions.
+  bool ParseMessageSetLite(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                           ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+                           FieldSkipper* field_skipper);
+  bool ParseMessageSet(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                       ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+                       MessageSetFieldSkipper* field_skipper);
+
+  // Specific versions for lite or full messages (constructs the appropriate
+  // FieldSkipper automatically).
+  bool ParseMessageSet(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                       const MessageLite* containing_type,
+                       std::string* unknown_fields);
+  bool ParseMessageSet(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                       const Message* containing_type,
+                       UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
+
+  // Write all extension fields with field numbers in the range
+  //   [start_field_number, end_field_number)
+  // to the output stream, using the cached sizes computed when ByteSize() was
+  // last called.  Note that the range bounds are inclusive-exclusive.
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(int start_field_number, int end_field_number,
+                                io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+    output->SetCur(_InternalSerialize(start_field_number, end_field_number,
+                                      output->Cur(), output->EpsCopy()));
+  }
+
+  // Same as SerializeWithCachedSizes, but without any bounds checking.
+  // The caller must ensure that target has sufficient capacity for the
+  // serialized extensions.
+  //
+  // Returns a pointer past the last written byte.
+  uint8* _InternalSerialize(int start_field_number, int end_field_number,
+                            uint8* target,
+                            io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const;
+
+  // Like above but serializes in MessageSet format.
+  void SerializeMessageSetWithCachedSizes(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+    output->SetCur(InternalSerializeMessageSetWithCachedSizesToArray(
+        output->Cur(), output->EpsCopy()));
+  }
+  uint8* InternalSerializeMessageSetWithCachedSizesToArray(
+      uint8* target, io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const;
+
+  // For backward-compatibility, versions of two of the above methods that
+  // serialize deterministically iff SetDefaultSerializationDeterministic()
+  // has been called.
+  uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(int start_field_number,
+                                         int end_field_number,
+                                         uint8* target) const;
+  uint8* SerializeMessageSetWithCachedSizesToArray(uint8* target) const;
+
+  // Returns the total serialized size of all the extensions.
+  size_t ByteSize() const;
+
+  // Like ByteSize() but uses MessageSet format.
+  size_t MessageSetByteSize() const;
+
+  // Returns (an estimate of) the total number of bytes used for storing the
+  // extensions in memory, excluding sizeof(*this).  If the ExtensionSet is
+  // for a lite message (and thus possibly contains lite messages), the results
+  // are undefined (might work, might crash, might corrupt data, might not even
+  // be linked in).  It's up to the protocol compiler to avoid calling this on
+  // such ExtensionSets (easy enough since lite messages don't implement
+  // SpaceUsed()).
+  size_t SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() const;
+
+  // This method just calls SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() but it can not be
+  // inlined because the definition of SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() is not
+  // included in lite runtime and when an inline method refers to it MSVC
+  // will complain about unresolved symbols when building the lite runtime
+  // as .dll.
+  int SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const;
+
+ private:
+  // Interface of a lazily parsed singular message extension.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT LazyMessageExtension {
+   public:
+    LazyMessageExtension() {}
+    virtual ~LazyMessageExtension() {}
+
+    virtual LazyMessageExtension* New(Arena* arena) const = 0;
+    virtual const MessageLite& GetMessage(
+        const MessageLite& prototype) const = 0;
+    virtual MessageLite* MutableMessage(const MessageLite& prototype) = 0;
+    virtual void SetAllocatedMessage(MessageLite* message) = 0;
+    virtual void UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(MessageLite* message) = 0;
+    virtual MessageLite* ReleaseMessage(const MessageLite& prototype) = 0;
+    virtual MessageLite* UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(
+        const MessageLite& prototype) = 0;
+
+    virtual bool IsInitialized() const = 0;
+
+    PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG("Please use ByteSizeLong() instead")
+    virtual int ByteSize() const { return internal::ToIntSize(ByteSizeLong()); }
+    virtual size_t ByteSizeLong() const = 0;
+    virtual size_t SpaceUsedLong() const = 0;
+
+    virtual void MergeFrom(const LazyMessageExtension& other) = 0;
+    virtual void Clear() = 0;
+
+    virtual bool ReadMessage(const MessageLite& prototype,
+                             io::CodedInputStream* input) = 0;
+    virtual const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) = 0;
+    virtual uint8* WriteMessageToArray(
+        int number, uint8* target, io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const = 0;
+
+   private:
+    virtual void UnusedKeyMethod();  // Dummy key method to avoid weak vtable.
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(LazyMessageExtension);
+  };
+  struct Extension {
+    // The order of these fields packs Extension into 24 bytes when using 8
+    // byte alignment. Consider this when adding or removing fields here.
+    union {
+      int32 int32_value;
+      int64 int64_value;
+      uint32 uint32_value;
+      uint64 uint64_value;
+      float float_value;
+      double double_value;
+      bool bool_value;
+      int enum_value;
+      std::string* string_value;
+      MessageLite* message_value;
+      LazyMessageExtension* lazymessage_value;
+
+      RepeatedField<int32>* repeated_int32_value;
+      RepeatedField<int64>* repeated_int64_value;
+      RepeatedField<uint32>* repeated_uint32_value;
+      RepeatedField<uint64>* repeated_uint64_value;
+      RepeatedField<float>* repeated_float_value;
+      RepeatedField<double>* repeated_double_value;
+      RepeatedField<bool>* repeated_bool_value;
+      RepeatedField<int>* repeated_enum_value;
+      RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* repeated_string_value;
+      RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite>* repeated_message_value;
+    };
+
+    FieldType type;
+    bool is_repeated;
+
+    // For singular types, indicates if the extension is "cleared".  This
+    // happens when an extension is set and then later cleared by the caller.
+    // We want to keep the Extension object around for reuse, so instead of
+    // removing it from the map, we just set is_cleared = true.  This has no
+    // meaning for repeated types; for those, the size of the RepeatedField
+    // simply becomes zero when cleared.
+    bool is_cleared : 4;
+
+    // For singular message types, indicates whether lazy parsing is enabled
+    // for this extension. This field is only valid when type == TYPE_MESSAGE
+    // and !is_repeated because we only support lazy parsing for singular
+    // message types currently. If is_lazy = true, the extension is stored in
+    // lazymessage_value. Otherwise, the extension will be message_value.
+    bool is_lazy : 4;
+
+    // For repeated types, this indicates if the [packed=true] option is set.
+    bool is_packed;
+
+    // For packed fields, the size of the packed data is recorded here when
+    // ByteSize() is called then used during serialization.
+    // TODO(kenton):  Use atomic<int> when C++ supports it.
+    mutable int cached_size;
+
+    // The descriptor for this extension, if one exists and is known.  May be
+    // NULL.  Must not be NULL if the descriptor for the extension does not
+    // live in the same pool as the descriptor for the containing type.
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor;
+
+    // Some helper methods for operations on a single Extension.
+    uint8* InternalSerializeFieldWithCachedSizesToArray(
+        int number, uint8* target, io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const;
+    uint8* InternalSerializeMessageSetItemWithCachedSizesToArray(
+        int number, uint8* target, io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const;
+    size_t ByteSize(int number) const;
+    size_t MessageSetItemByteSize(int number) const;
+    void Clear();
+    int GetSize() const;
+    void Free();
+    size_t SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() const;
+    bool IsInitialized() const;
+  };
+
+  // The Extension struct is small enough to be passed by value, so we use it
+  // directly as the value type in mappings rather than use pointers.  We use
+  // sorted maps rather than hash-maps because we expect most ExtensionSets will
+  // only contain a small number of extension.  Also, we want AppendToList and
+  // deterministic serialization to order fields by field number.
+
+  struct KeyValue {
+    int first;
+    Extension second;
+
+    struct FirstComparator {
+      bool operator()(const KeyValue& lhs, const KeyValue& rhs) const {
+        return lhs.first < rhs.first;
+      }
+      bool operator()(const KeyValue& lhs, int key) const {
+        return lhs.first < key;
+      }
+      bool operator()(int key, const KeyValue& rhs) const {
+        return key < rhs.first;
+      }
+    };
+  };
+
+  typedef std::map<int, Extension> LargeMap;
+
+  // Wrapper API that switches between flat-map and LargeMap.
+
+  // Finds a key (if present) in the ExtensionSet.
+  const Extension* FindOrNull(int key) const;
+  Extension* FindOrNull(int key);
+
+  // Helper-functions that only inspect the LargeMap.
+  const Extension* FindOrNullInLargeMap(int key) const;
+  Extension* FindOrNullInLargeMap(int key);
+
+  // Inserts a new (key, Extension) into the ExtensionSet (and returns true), or
+  // finds the already-existing Extension for that key (returns false).
+  // The Extension* will point to the new-or-found Extension.
+  std::pair<Extension*, bool> Insert(int key);
+
+  // Grows the flat_capacity_.
+  // If flat_capacity_ > kMaximumFlatCapacity, converts to LargeMap.
+  void GrowCapacity(size_t minimum_new_capacity);
+  static constexpr uint16 kMaximumFlatCapacity = 256;
+  bool is_large() const { return flat_capacity_ > kMaximumFlatCapacity; }
+
+  // Removes a key from the ExtensionSet.
+  void Erase(int key);
+
+  size_t Size() const {
+    return PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(is_large()) ? map_.large->size() : flat_size_;
+  }
+
+  // Similar to std::for_each.
+  // Each Iterator is decomposed into ->first and ->second fields, so
+  // that the KeyValueFunctor can be agnostic vis-a-vis KeyValue-vs-std::pair.
+  template <typename Iterator, typename KeyValueFunctor>
+  static KeyValueFunctor ForEach(Iterator begin, Iterator end,
+                                 KeyValueFunctor func) {
+    for (Iterator it = begin; it != end; ++it) func(it->first, it->second);
+    return std::move(func);
+  }
+
+  // Applies a functor to the <int, Extension&> pairs in sorted order.
+  template <typename KeyValueFunctor>
+  KeyValueFunctor ForEach(KeyValueFunctor func) {
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(is_large())) {
+      return ForEach(map_.large->begin(), map_.large->end(), std::move(func));
+    }
+    return ForEach(flat_begin(), flat_end(), std::move(func));
+  }
+
+  // Applies a functor to the <int, const Extension&> pairs in sorted order.
+  template <typename KeyValueFunctor>
+  KeyValueFunctor ForEach(KeyValueFunctor func) const {
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(is_large())) {
+      return ForEach(map_.large->begin(), map_.large->end(), std::move(func));
+    }
+    return ForEach(flat_begin(), flat_end(), std::move(func));
+  }
+
+  // Merges existing Extension from other_extension
+  void InternalExtensionMergeFrom(int number, const Extension& other_extension);
+
+  // Returns true and fills field_number and extension if extension is found.
+  // Note to support packed repeated field compatibility, it also fills whether
+  // the tag on wire is packed, which can be different from
+  // extension->is_packed (whether packed=true is specified).
+  bool FindExtensionInfoFromTag(uint32 tag, ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+                                int* field_number, ExtensionInfo* extension,
+                                bool* was_packed_on_wire);
+
+  // Returns true and fills extension if extension is found.
+  // Note to support packed repeated field compatibility, it also fills whether
+  // the tag on wire is packed, which can be different from
+  // extension->is_packed (whether packed=true is specified).
+  bool FindExtensionInfoFromFieldNumber(int wire_type, int field_number,
+                                        ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+                                        ExtensionInfo* extension,
+                                        bool* was_packed_on_wire);
+
+  // Parses a single extension from the input. The input should start out
+  // positioned immediately after the wire tag. This method is called in
+  // ParseField() after field number and was_packed_on_wire is extracted from
+  // the wire tag and ExtensionInfo is found by the field number.
+  bool ParseFieldWithExtensionInfo(int field_number, bool was_packed_on_wire,
+                                   const ExtensionInfo& extension,
+                                   io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                   FieldSkipper* field_skipper);
+
+  // Like ParseField(), but this method may parse singular message extensions
+  // lazily depending on the value of FLAGS_eagerly_parse_message_sets.
+  bool ParseFieldMaybeLazily(int wire_type, int field_number,
+                             io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                             ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+                             MessageSetFieldSkipper* field_skipper);
+
+  // Gets the extension with the given number, creating it if it does not
+  // already exist.  Returns true if the extension did not already exist.
+  bool MaybeNewExtension(int number, const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                         Extension** result);
+
+  // Gets the repeated extension for the given descriptor, creating it if
+  // it does not exist.
+  Extension* MaybeNewRepeatedExtension(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+  // Parse a single MessageSet item -- called just after the item group start
+  // tag has been read.
+  bool ParseMessageSetItemLite(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                               ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+                               FieldSkipper* field_skipper);
+  // Parse a single MessageSet item -- called just after the item group start
+  // tag has been read.
+  bool ParseMessageSetItem(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                           ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+                           MessageSetFieldSkipper* field_skipper);
+
+  bool FindExtension(int wire_type, uint32 field,
+                     const MessageLite* containing_type,
+                     const internal::ParseContext* /*ctx*/,
+                     ExtensionInfo* extension, bool* was_packed_on_wire) {
+    GeneratedExtensionFinder finder(containing_type);
+    return FindExtensionInfoFromFieldNumber(wire_type, field, &finder,
+                                            extension, was_packed_on_wire);
+  }
+  inline bool FindExtension(int wire_type, uint32 field,
+                            const Message* containing_type,
+                            const internal::ParseContext* ctx,
+                            ExtensionInfo* extension, bool* was_packed_on_wire);
+  // Used for MessageSet only
+  const char* ParseFieldMaybeLazily(
+      uint64 tag, const char* ptr, const MessageLite* containing_type,
+      internal::InternalMetadataWithArenaLite* metadata,
+      internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+    // Lite MessageSet doesn't implement lazy.
+    return ParseField(tag, ptr, containing_type, metadata, ctx);
+  }
+  const char* ParseFieldMaybeLazily(
+      uint64 tag, const char* ptr, const Message* containing_type,
+      internal::InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata,
+      internal::ParseContext* ctx);
+  const char* ParseMessageSetItem(
+      const char* ptr, const MessageLite* containing_type,
+      internal::InternalMetadataWithArenaLite* metadata,
+      internal::ParseContext* ctx);
+  const char* ParseMessageSetItem(const char* ptr,
+                                  const Message* containing_type,
+                                  internal::InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata,
+                                  internal::ParseContext* ctx);
+
+  // Implemented in extension_set_inl.h to keep code out of the header file.
+  template <typename T>
+  const char* ParseFieldWithExtensionInfo(int number, bool was_packed_on_wire,
+                                          const ExtensionInfo& info,
+                                          T* metadata, const char* ptr,
+                                          internal::ParseContext* ctx);
+  template <typename Msg, typename Metadata>
+  const char* ParseMessageSetItemTmpl(const char* ptr,
+                                      const Msg* containing_type,
+                                      Metadata* metadata,
+                                      internal::ParseContext* ctx);
+
+  // Hack:  RepeatedPtrFieldBase declares ExtensionSet as a friend.  This
+  //   friendship should automatically extend to ExtensionSet::Extension, but
+  //   unfortunately some older compilers (e.g. GCC 3.4.4) do not implement this
+  //   correctly.  So, we must provide helpers for calling methods of that
+  //   class.
+
+  // Defined in extension_set_heavy.cc.
+  static inline size_t RepeatedMessage_SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong(
+      RepeatedPtrFieldBase* field);
+
+  KeyValue* flat_begin() {
+    assert(!is_large());
+    return map_.flat;
+  }
+  const KeyValue* flat_begin() const {
+    assert(!is_large());
+    return map_.flat;
+  }
+  KeyValue* flat_end() {
+    assert(!is_large());
+    return map_.flat + flat_size_;
+  }
+  const KeyValue* flat_end() const {
+    assert(!is_large());
+    return map_.flat + flat_size_;
+  }
+
+  Arena* arena_;
+
+  // Manual memory-management:
+  // map_.flat is an allocated array of flat_capacity_ elements.
+  // [map_.flat, map_.flat + flat_size_) is the currently-in-use prefix.
+  uint16 flat_capacity_;
+  uint16 flat_size_;
+  union AllocatedData {
+    KeyValue* flat;
+
+    // If flat_capacity_ > kMaximumFlatCapacity, switch to LargeMap,
+    // which guarantees O(n lg n) CPU but larger constant factors.
+    LargeMap* large;
+  } map_;
+
+  static void DeleteFlatMap(const KeyValue* flat, uint16 flat_capacity);
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ExtensionSet);
+};
+
+// These are just for convenience...
+inline void ExtensionSet::SetString(int number, FieldType type,
+                                    std::string value,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  MutableString(number, type, descriptor)->assign(std::move(value));
+}
+inline void ExtensionSet::SetRepeatedString(int number, int index,
+                                            std::string value) {
+  MutableRepeatedString(number, index)->assign(std::move(value));
+}
+inline void ExtensionSet::AddString(int number, FieldType type,
+                                    std::string value,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  AddString(number, type, descriptor)->assign(std::move(value));
+}
+// ===================================================================
+// Glue for generated extension accessors
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Template magic
+
+// First we have a set of classes representing "type traits" for different
+// field types.  A type traits class knows how to implement basic accessors
+// for extensions of a particular type given an ExtensionSet.  The signature
+// for a type traits class looks like this:
+//
+//   class TypeTraits {
+//    public:
+//     typedef ? ConstType;
+//     typedef ? MutableType;
+//     // TypeTraits for singular fields and repeated fields will define the
+//     // symbol "Singular" or "Repeated" respectively. These two symbols will
+//     // be used in extension accessors to distinguish between singular
+//     // extensions and repeated extensions. If the TypeTraits for the passed
+//     // in extension doesn't have the expected symbol defined, it means the
+//     // user is passing a repeated extension to a singular accessor, or the
+//     // opposite. In that case the C++ compiler will generate an error
+//     // message "no matching member function" to inform the user.
+//     typedef ? Singular
+//     typedef ? Repeated
+//
+//     static inline ConstType Get(int number, const ExtensionSet& set);
+//     static inline void Set(int number, ConstType value, ExtensionSet* set);
+//     static inline MutableType Mutable(int number, ExtensionSet* set);
+//
+//     // Variants for repeated fields.
+//     static inline ConstType Get(int number, const ExtensionSet& set,
+//                                 int index);
+//     static inline void Set(int number, int index,
+//                            ConstType value, ExtensionSet* set);
+//     static inline MutableType Mutable(int number, int index,
+//                                       ExtensionSet* set);
+//     static inline void Add(int number, ConstType value, ExtensionSet* set);
+//     static inline MutableType Add(int number, ExtensionSet* set);
+//     This is used by the ExtensionIdentifier constructor to register
+//     the extension at dynamic initialization.
+//     template <typename ExtendeeT>
+//     static void Register(int number, FieldType type, bool is_packed);
+//   };
+//
+// Not all of these methods make sense for all field types.  For example, the
+// "Mutable" methods only make sense for strings and messages, and the
+// repeated methods only make sense for repeated types.  So, each type
+// traits class implements only the set of methods from this signature that it
+// actually supports.  This will cause a compiler error if the user tries to
+// access an extension using a method that doesn't make sense for its type.
+// For example, if "foo" is an extension of type "optional int32", then if you
+// try to write code like:
+//   my_message.MutableExtension(foo)
+// you will get a compile error because PrimitiveTypeTraits<int32> does not
+// have a "Mutable()" method.
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PrimitiveTypeTraits
+
+// Since the ExtensionSet has different methods for each primitive type,
+// we must explicitly define the methods of the type traits class for each
+// known type.
+template <typename Type>
+class PrimitiveTypeTraits {
+ public:
+  typedef Type ConstType;
+  typedef Type MutableType;
+  typedef PrimitiveTypeTraits<Type> Singular;
+
+  static inline ConstType Get(int number, const ExtensionSet& set,
+                              ConstType default_value);
+  static inline void Set(int number, FieldType field_type, ConstType value,
+                         ExtensionSet* set);
+  template <typename ExtendeeT>
+  static void Register(int number, FieldType type, bool is_packed) {
+    ExtensionSet::RegisterExtension(&ExtendeeT::default_instance(), number,
+                                    type, false, is_packed);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Type>
+class RepeatedPrimitiveTypeTraits {
+ public:
+  typedef Type ConstType;
+  typedef Type MutableType;
+  typedef RepeatedPrimitiveTypeTraits<Type> Repeated;
+
+  typedef RepeatedField<Type> RepeatedFieldType;
+
+  static inline Type Get(int number, const ExtensionSet& set, int index);
+  static inline void Set(int number, int index, Type value, ExtensionSet* set);
+  static inline void Add(int number, FieldType field_type, bool is_packed,
+                         Type value, ExtensionSet* set);
+
+  static inline const RepeatedField<ConstType>& GetRepeated(
+      int number, const ExtensionSet& set);
+  static inline RepeatedField<Type>* MutableRepeated(int number,
+                                                     FieldType field_type,
+                                                     bool is_packed,
+                                                     ExtensionSet* set);
+
+  static const RepeatedFieldType* GetDefaultRepeatedField();
+  template <typename ExtendeeT>
+  static void Register(int number, FieldType type, bool is_packed) {
+    ExtensionSet::RegisterExtension(&ExtendeeT::default_instance(), number,
+                                    type, true, is_packed);
+  }
+};
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT RepeatedPrimitiveDefaults {
+ private:
+  template <typename Type>
+  friend class RepeatedPrimitiveTypeTraits;
+  static const RepeatedPrimitiveDefaults* default_instance();
+  RepeatedField<int32> default_repeated_field_int32_;
+  RepeatedField<int64> default_repeated_field_int64_;
+  RepeatedField<uint32> default_repeated_field_uint32_;
+  RepeatedField<uint64> default_repeated_field_uint64_;
+  RepeatedField<double> default_repeated_field_double_;
+  RepeatedField<float> default_repeated_field_float_;
+  RepeatedField<bool> default_repeated_field_bool_;
+};
+
+#define PROTOBUF_DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(TYPE, METHOD)                           \
+  template <>                                                                  \
+  inline TYPE PrimitiveTypeTraits<TYPE>::Get(                                  \
+      int number, const ExtensionSet& set, TYPE default_value) {               \
+    return set.Get##METHOD(number, default_value);                             \
+  }                                                                            \
+  template <>                                                                  \
+  inline void PrimitiveTypeTraits<TYPE>::Set(int number, FieldType field_type, \
+                                             TYPE value, ExtensionSet* set) {  \
+    set->Set##METHOD(number, field_type, value, NULL);                         \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  template <>                                                                  \
+  inline TYPE RepeatedPrimitiveTypeTraits<TYPE>::Get(                          \
+      int number, const ExtensionSet& set, int index) {                        \
+    return set.GetRepeated##METHOD(number, index);                             \
+  }                                                                            \
+  template <>                                                                  \
+  inline void RepeatedPrimitiveTypeTraits<TYPE>::Set(                          \
+      int number, int index, TYPE value, ExtensionSet* set) {                  \
+    set->SetRepeated##METHOD(number, index, value);                            \
+  }                                                                            \
+  template <>                                                                  \
+  inline void RepeatedPrimitiveTypeTraits<TYPE>::Add(                          \
+      int number, FieldType field_type, bool is_packed, TYPE value,            \
+      ExtensionSet* set) {                                                     \
+    set->Add##METHOD(number, field_type, is_packed, value, NULL);              \
+  }                                                                            \
+  template <>                                                                  \
+  inline const RepeatedField<TYPE>*                                            \
+  RepeatedPrimitiveTypeTraits<TYPE>::GetDefaultRepeatedField() {               \
+    return &RepeatedPrimitiveDefaults::default_instance()                      \
+                ->default_repeated_field_##TYPE##_;                            \
+  }                                                                            \
+  template <>                                                                  \
+  inline const RepeatedField<TYPE>&                                            \
+  RepeatedPrimitiveTypeTraits<TYPE>::GetRepeated(int number,                   \
+                                                 const ExtensionSet& set) {    \
+    return *reinterpret_cast<const RepeatedField<TYPE>*>(                      \
+        set.GetRawRepeatedField(number, GetDefaultRepeatedField()));           \
+  }                                                                            \
+  template <>                                                                  \
+  inline RepeatedField<TYPE>*                                                  \
+  RepeatedPrimitiveTypeTraits<TYPE>::MutableRepeated(                          \
+      int number, FieldType field_type, bool is_packed, ExtensionSet* set) {   \
+    return reinterpret_cast<RepeatedField<TYPE>*>(                             \
+        set->MutableRawRepeatedField(number, field_type, is_packed, NULL));    \
+  }
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(int32, Int32)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(int64, Int64)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(uint32, UInt32)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(uint64, UInt64)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(float, Float)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(double, Double)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(bool, Bool)
+
+#undef PROTOBUF_DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// StringTypeTraits
+
+// Strings support both Set() and Mutable().
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT StringTypeTraits {
+ public:
+  typedef const std::string& ConstType;
+  typedef std::string* MutableType;
+  typedef StringTypeTraits Singular;
+
+  static inline const std::string& Get(int number, const ExtensionSet& set,
+                                       ConstType default_value) {
+    return set.GetString(number, default_value);
+  }
+  static inline void Set(int number, FieldType field_type,
+                         const std::string& value, ExtensionSet* set) {
+    set->SetString(number, field_type, value, NULL);
+  }
+  static inline std::string* Mutable(int number, FieldType field_type,
+                                     ExtensionSet* set) {
+    return set->MutableString(number, field_type, NULL);
+  }
+  template <typename ExtendeeT>
+  static void Register(int number, FieldType type, bool is_packed) {
+    ExtensionSet::RegisterExtension(&ExtendeeT::default_instance(), number,
+                                    type, false, is_packed);
+  }
+};
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT RepeatedStringTypeTraits {
+ public:
+  typedef const std::string& ConstType;
+  typedef std::string* MutableType;
+  typedef RepeatedStringTypeTraits Repeated;
+
+  typedef RepeatedPtrField<std::string> RepeatedFieldType;
+
+  static inline const std::string& Get(int number, const ExtensionSet& set,
+                                       int index) {
+    return set.GetRepeatedString(number, index);
+  }
+  static inline void Set(int number, int index, const std::string& value,
+                         ExtensionSet* set) {
+    set->SetRepeatedString(number, index, value);
+  }
+  static inline std::string* Mutable(int number, int index, ExtensionSet* set) {
+    return set->MutableRepeatedString(number, index);
+  }
+  static inline void Add(int number, FieldType field_type, bool /*is_packed*/,
+                         const std::string& value, ExtensionSet* set) {
+    set->AddString(number, field_type, value, NULL);
+  }
+  static inline std::string* Add(int number, FieldType field_type,
+                                 ExtensionSet* set) {
+    return set->AddString(number, field_type, NULL);
+  }
+  static inline const RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& GetRepeated(
+      int number, const ExtensionSet& set) {
+    return *reinterpret_cast<const RepeatedPtrField<std::string>*>(
+        set.GetRawRepeatedField(number, GetDefaultRepeatedField()));
+  }
+
+  static inline RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* MutableRepeated(
+      int number, FieldType field_type, bool is_packed, ExtensionSet* set) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>*>(
+        set->MutableRawRepeatedField(number, field_type, is_packed, NULL));
+  }
+
+  static const RepeatedFieldType* GetDefaultRepeatedField();
+
+  template <typename ExtendeeT>
+  static void Register(int number, FieldType type, bool is_packed) {
+    ExtensionSet::RegisterExtension(&ExtendeeT::default_instance(), number,
+                                    type, true, is_packed);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static void InitializeDefaultRepeatedFields();
+  static void DestroyDefaultRepeatedFields();
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// EnumTypeTraits
+
+// ExtensionSet represents enums using integers internally, so we have to
+// static_cast around.
+template <typename Type, bool IsValid(int)>
+class EnumTypeTraits {
+ public:
+  typedef Type ConstType;
+  typedef Type MutableType;
+  typedef EnumTypeTraits<Type, IsValid> Singular;
+
+  static inline ConstType Get(int number, const ExtensionSet& set,
+                              ConstType default_value) {
+    return static_cast<Type>(set.GetEnum(number, default_value));
+  }
+  static inline void Set(int number, FieldType field_type, ConstType value,
+                         ExtensionSet* set) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(IsValid(value));
+    set->SetEnum(number, field_type, value, NULL);
+  }
+  template <typename ExtendeeT>
+  static void Register(int number, FieldType type, bool is_packed) {
+    ExtensionSet::RegisterEnumExtension(&ExtendeeT::default_instance(), number,
+                                        type, false, is_packed, IsValid);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Type, bool IsValid(int)>
+class RepeatedEnumTypeTraits {
+ public:
+  typedef Type ConstType;
+  typedef Type MutableType;
+  typedef RepeatedEnumTypeTraits<Type, IsValid> Repeated;
+
+  typedef RepeatedField<Type> RepeatedFieldType;
+
+  static inline ConstType Get(int number, const ExtensionSet& set, int index) {
+    return static_cast<Type>(set.GetRepeatedEnum(number, index));
+  }
+  static inline void Set(int number, int index, ConstType value,
+                         ExtensionSet* set) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(IsValid(value));
+    set->SetRepeatedEnum(number, index, value);
+  }
+  static inline void Add(int number, FieldType field_type, bool is_packed,
+                         ConstType value, ExtensionSet* set) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(IsValid(value));
+    set->AddEnum(number, field_type, is_packed, value, NULL);
+  }
+  static inline const RepeatedField<Type>& GetRepeated(
+      int number, const ExtensionSet& set) {
+    // Hack: the `Extension` struct stores a RepeatedField<int> for enums.
+    // RepeatedField<int> cannot implicitly convert to RepeatedField<EnumType>
+    // so we need to do some casting magic. See message.h for similar
+    // contortions for non-extension fields.
+    return *reinterpret_cast<const RepeatedField<Type>*>(
+        set.GetRawRepeatedField(number, GetDefaultRepeatedField()));
+  }
+
+  static inline RepeatedField<Type>* MutableRepeated(int number,
+                                                     FieldType field_type,
+                                                     bool is_packed,
+                                                     ExtensionSet* set) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<RepeatedField<Type>*>(
+        set->MutableRawRepeatedField(number, field_type, is_packed, NULL));
+  }
+
+  static const RepeatedFieldType* GetDefaultRepeatedField() {
+    // Hack: as noted above, repeated enum fields are internally stored as a
+    // RepeatedField<int>. We need to be able to instantiate global static
+    // objects to return as default (empty) repeated fields on non-existent
+    // extensions. We would not be able to know a-priori all of the enum types
+    // (values of |Type|) to instantiate all of these, so we just re-use int32's
+    // default repeated field object.
+    return reinterpret_cast<const RepeatedField<Type>*>(
+        RepeatedPrimitiveTypeTraits<int32>::GetDefaultRepeatedField());
+  }
+  template <typename ExtendeeT>
+  static void Register(int number, FieldType type, bool is_packed) {
+    ExtensionSet::RegisterEnumExtension(&ExtendeeT::default_instance(), number,
+                                        type, true, is_packed, IsValid);
+  }
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MessageTypeTraits
+
+// ExtensionSet guarantees that when manipulating extensions with message
+// types, the implementation used will be the compiled-in class representing
+// that type.  So, we can static_cast down to the exact type we expect.
+template <typename Type>
+class MessageTypeTraits {
+ public:
+  typedef const Type& ConstType;
+  typedef Type* MutableType;
+  typedef MessageTypeTraits<Type> Singular;
+
+  static inline ConstType Get(int number, const ExtensionSet& set,
+                              ConstType default_value) {
+    return static_cast<const Type&>(set.GetMessage(number, default_value));
+  }
+  static inline MutableType Mutable(int number, FieldType field_type,
+                                    ExtensionSet* set) {
+    return static_cast<Type*>(set->MutableMessage(
+        number, field_type, Type::default_instance(), NULL));
+  }
+  static inline void SetAllocated(int number, FieldType field_type,
+                                  MutableType message, ExtensionSet* set) {
+    set->SetAllocatedMessage(number, field_type, NULL, message);
+  }
+  static inline void UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(int number, FieldType field_type,
+                                             MutableType message,
+                                             ExtensionSet* set) {
+    set->UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(number, field_type, NULL, message);
+  }
+  static inline MutableType Release(int number, FieldType /* field_type */,
+                                    ExtensionSet* set) {
+    return static_cast<Type*>(
+        set->ReleaseMessage(number, Type::default_instance()));
+  }
+  static inline MutableType UnsafeArenaRelease(int number,
+                                               FieldType /* field_type */,
+                                               ExtensionSet* set) {
+    return static_cast<Type*>(
+        set->UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(number, Type::default_instance()));
+  }
+  template <typename ExtendeeT>
+  static void Register(int number, FieldType type, bool is_packed) {
+    ExtensionSet::RegisterMessageExtension(&ExtendeeT::default_instance(),
+                                           number, type, false, is_packed,
+                                           &Type::default_instance());
+  }
+};
+
+// forward declaration
+class RepeatedMessageGenericTypeTraits;
+
+template <typename Type>
+class RepeatedMessageTypeTraits {
+ public:
+  typedef const Type& ConstType;
+  typedef Type* MutableType;
+  typedef RepeatedMessageTypeTraits<Type> Repeated;
+
+  typedef RepeatedPtrField<Type> RepeatedFieldType;
+
+  static inline ConstType Get(int number, const ExtensionSet& set, int index) {
+    return static_cast<const Type&>(set.GetRepeatedMessage(number, index));
+  }
+  static inline MutableType Mutable(int number, int index, ExtensionSet* set) {
+    return static_cast<Type*>(set->MutableRepeatedMessage(number, index));
+  }
+  static inline MutableType Add(int number, FieldType field_type,
+                                ExtensionSet* set) {
+    return static_cast<Type*>(
+        set->AddMessage(number, field_type, Type::default_instance(), NULL));
+  }
+  static inline const RepeatedPtrField<Type>& GetRepeated(
+      int number, const ExtensionSet& set) {
+    // See notes above in RepeatedEnumTypeTraits::GetRepeated(): same
+    // casting hack applies here, because a RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite>
+    // cannot naturally become a RepeatedPtrType<Type> even though Type is
+    // presumably a message. google::protobuf::Message goes through similar contortions
+    // with a reinterpret_cast<>.
+    return *reinterpret_cast<const RepeatedPtrField<Type>*>(
+        set.GetRawRepeatedField(number, GetDefaultRepeatedField()));
+  }
+  static inline RepeatedPtrField<Type>* MutableRepeated(int number,
+                                                        FieldType field_type,
+                                                        bool is_packed,
+                                                        ExtensionSet* set) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<RepeatedPtrField<Type>*>(
+        set->MutableRawRepeatedField(number, field_type, is_packed, NULL));
+  }
+
+  static const RepeatedFieldType* GetDefaultRepeatedField();
+  template <typename ExtendeeT>
+  static void Register(int number, FieldType type, bool is_packed) {
+    ExtensionSet::RegisterMessageExtension(&ExtendeeT::default_instance(),
+                                           number, type, true, is_packed,
+                                           &Type::default_instance());
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline const typename RepeatedMessageTypeTraits<Type>::RepeatedFieldType*
+RepeatedMessageTypeTraits<Type>::GetDefaultRepeatedField() {
+  static auto instance = OnShutdownDelete(new RepeatedFieldType);
+  return instance;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ExtensionIdentifier
+
+// This is the type of actual extension objects.  E.g. if you have:
+//   extends Foo with optional int32 bar = 1234;
+// then "bar" will be defined in C++ as:
+//   ExtensionIdentifier<Foo, PrimitiveTypeTraits<int32>, 5, false> bar(1234);
+//
+// Note that we could, in theory, supply the field number as a template
+// parameter, and thus make an instance of ExtensionIdentifier have no
+// actual contents.  However, if we did that, then using an extension
+// identifier would not necessarily cause the compiler to output any sort
+// of reference to any symbol defined in the extension's .pb.o file.  Some
+// linkers will actually drop object files that are not explicitly referenced,
+// but that would be bad because it would cause this extension to not be
+// registered at static initialization, and therefore using it would crash.
+
+template <typename ExtendeeType, typename TypeTraitsType, FieldType field_type,
+          bool is_packed>
+class ExtensionIdentifier {
+ public:
+  typedef TypeTraitsType TypeTraits;
+  typedef ExtendeeType Extendee;
+
+  ExtensionIdentifier(int number, typename TypeTraits::ConstType default_value)
+      : number_(number), default_value_(default_value) {
+    Register(number);
+  }
+  inline int number() const { return number_; }
+  typename TypeTraits::ConstType default_value() const {
+    return default_value_;
+  }
+
+  static void Register(int number) {
+    TypeTraits::template Register<ExtendeeType>(number, field_type, is_packed);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const int number_;
+  typename TypeTraits::ConstType default_value_;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Generated accessors
+
+// This macro should be expanded in the context of a generated type which
+// has extensions.
+//
+// We use "_proto_TypeTraits" as a type name below because "TypeTraits"
+// causes problems if the class has a nested message or enum type with that
+// name and "_TypeTraits" is technically reserved for the C++ library since
+// it starts with an underscore followed by a capital letter.
+//
+// For similar reason, we use "_field_type" and "_is_packed" as parameter names
+// below, so that "field_type" and "is_packed" can be used as field names.
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(CLASSNAME)                       \
+  /* Has, Size, Clear */                                                      \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline bool HasExtension(                                                   \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id) const { \
+    return _extensions_.Has(id.number());                                     \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline void ClearExtension(                                                 \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id) {       \
+    _extensions_.ClearExtension(id.number());                                 \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline int ExtensionSize(                                                   \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id) const { \
+    return _extensions_.ExtensionSize(id.number());                           \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  /* Singular accessors */                                                    \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline typename _proto_TypeTraits::Singular::ConstType GetExtension(        \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id) const { \
+    return _proto_TypeTraits::Get(id.number(), _extensions_,                  \
+                                  id.default_value());                        \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline typename _proto_TypeTraits::Singular::MutableType MutableExtension(  \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id) {       \
+    return _proto_TypeTraits::Mutable(id.number(), _field_type,               \
+                                      &_extensions_);                         \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline void SetExtension(                                                   \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id,         \
+      typename _proto_TypeTraits::Singular::ConstType value) {                \
+    _proto_TypeTraits::Set(id.number(), _field_type, value, &_extensions_);   \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline void SetAllocatedExtension(                                          \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id,         \
+      typename _proto_TypeTraits::Singular::MutableType value) {              \
+    _proto_TypeTraits::SetAllocated(id.number(), _field_type, value,          \
+                                    &_extensions_);                           \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline void UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedExtension(                               \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id,         \
+      typename _proto_TypeTraits::Singular::MutableType value) {              \
+    _proto_TypeTraits::UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(id.number(), _field_type,      \
+                                               value, &_extensions_);         \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline typename _proto_TypeTraits::Singular::MutableType ReleaseExtension(  \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id) {       \
+    return _proto_TypeTraits::Release(id.number(), _field_type,               \
+                                      &_extensions_);                         \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline typename _proto_TypeTraits::Singular::MutableType                    \
+  UnsafeArenaReleaseExtension(                                                \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id) {       \
+    return _proto_TypeTraits::UnsafeArenaRelease(id.number(), _field_type,    \
+                                                 &_extensions_);              \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  /* Repeated accessors */                                                    \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline typename _proto_TypeTraits::Repeated::ConstType GetExtension(        \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id,         \
+      int index) const {                                                      \
+    return _proto_TypeTraits::Get(id.number(), _extensions_, index);          \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline typename _proto_TypeTraits::Repeated::MutableType MutableExtension(  \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id,         \
+      int index) {                                                            \
+    return _proto_TypeTraits::Mutable(id.number(), index, &_extensions_);     \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline void SetExtension(                                                   \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id,         \
+      int index, typename _proto_TypeTraits::Repeated::ConstType value) {     \
+    _proto_TypeTraits::Set(id.number(), index, value, &_extensions_);         \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline typename _proto_TypeTraits::Repeated::MutableType AddExtension(      \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id) {       \
+    return _proto_TypeTraits::Add(id.number(), _field_type, &_extensions_);   \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline void AddExtension(                                                   \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id,         \
+      typename _proto_TypeTraits::Repeated::ConstType value) {                \
+    _proto_TypeTraits::Add(id.number(), _field_type, _is_packed, value,       \
+                           &_extensions_);                                    \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline const typename _proto_TypeTraits::Repeated::RepeatedFieldType&       \
+  GetRepeatedExtension(                                                       \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id) const { \
+    return _proto_TypeTraits::GetRepeated(id.number(), _extensions_);         \
+  }                                                                           \
+                                                                              \
+  template <typename _proto_TypeTraits,                                       \
+            ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldType _field_type,         \
+            bool _is_packed>                                                  \
+  inline typename _proto_TypeTraits::Repeated::RepeatedFieldType*             \
+  MutableRepeatedExtension(                                                   \
+      const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<           \
+          CLASSNAME, _proto_TypeTraits, _field_type, _is_packed>& id) {       \
+    return _proto_TypeTraits::MutableRepeated(id.number(), _field_type,       \
+                                              _is_packed, &_extensions_);     \
+  }
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Call this function to ensure that this extensions's reflection is linked into
+// the binary:
+//
+//   google::protobuf::LinkExtensionReflection(Foo::my_extension);
+//
+// This will ensure that the following lookup will succeed:
+//
+//   DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindExtensionByName("Foo.my_extension");
+//
+// This is often relevant for parsing extensions in text mode.
+//
+// As a side-effect, it will also guarantee that anything else from the same
+// .proto file will also be available for lookup in the generated pool.
+//
+// This function does not actually register the extension, so it does not need
+// to be called before the lookup.  However it does need to occur in a function
+// that cannot be stripped from the binary (ie. it must be reachable from main).
+//
+// Best practice is to call this function as close as possible to where the
+// reflection is actually needed.  This function is very cheap to call, so you
+// should not need to worry about its runtime overhead except in tight loops (on
+// x86-64 it compiles into two "mov" instructions).
+template <typename ExtendeeType, typename TypeTraitsType,
+          internal::FieldType field_type, bool is_packed>
+void LinkExtensionReflection(
+    const google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionIdentifier<
+        ExtendeeType, TypeTraitsType, field_type, is_packed>& extension) {
+  internal::StrongReference(extension);
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_SET_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b7ee4d0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,536 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Contains methods defined in extension_set.h which cannot be part of the
+// lite library because they use descriptors or reflection.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/parse_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// A FieldSkipper used to store unknown MessageSet fields into UnknownFieldSet.
+class MessageSetFieldSkipper : public UnknownFieldSetFieldSkipper {
+ public:
+  explicit MessageSetFieldSkipper(UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields)
+      : UnknownFieldSetFieldSkipper(unknown_fields) {}
+  virtual ~MessageSetFieldSkipper() {}
+
+  virtual bool SkipMessageSetField(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                   int field_number);
+};
+bool MessageSetFieldSkipper::SkipMessageSetField(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                                 int field_number) {
+  uint32 length;
+  if (!input->ReadVarint32(&length)) return false;
+  if (unknown_fields_ == NULL) {
+    return input->Skip(length);
+  } else {
+    return input->ReadString(unknown_fields_->AddLengthDelimited(field_number),
+                             length);
+  }
+}
+
+
+// Implementation of ExtensionFinder which finds extensions in a given
+// DescriptorPool, using the given MessageFactory to construct sub-objects.
+// This class is implemented in extension_set_heavy.cc.
+class DescriptorPoolExtensionFinder : public ExtensionFinder {
+ public:
+  DescriptorPoolExtensionFinder(const DescriptorPool* pool,
+                                MessageFactory* factory,
+                                const Descriptor* containing_type)
+      : pool_(pool), factory_(factory), containing_type_(containing_type) {}
+  ~DescriptorPoolExtensionFinder() override {}
+
+  bool Find(int number, ExtensionInfo* output) override;
+
+ private:
+  const DescriptorPool* pool_;
+  MessageFactory* factory_;
+  const Descriptor* containing_type_;
+};
+
+void ExtensionSet::AppendToList(
+    const Descriptor* containing_type, const DescriptorPool* pool,
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* output) const {
+  ForEach([containing_type, pool, &output](int number, const Extension& ext) {
+    bool has = false;
+    if (ext.is_repeated) {
+      has = ext.GetSize() > 0;
+    } else {
+      has = !ext.is_cleared;
+    }
+
+    if (has) {
+      // TODO(kenton): Looking up each field by number is somewhat unfortunate.
+      //   Is there a better way?  The problem is that descriptors are lazily-
+      //   initialized, so they might not even be constructed until
+      //   AppendToList() is called.
+
+      if (ext.descriptor == NULL) {
+        output->push_back(pool->FindExtensionByNumber(containing_type, number));
+      } else {
+        output->push_back(ext.descriptor);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+inline FieldDescriptor::Type real_type(FieldType type) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(type > 0 && type <= FieldDescriptor::MAX_TYPE);
+  return static_cast<FieldDescriptor::Type>(type);
+}
+
+inline FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type(FieldType type) {
+  return FieldDescriptor::TypeToCppType(
+      static_cast<FieldDescriptor::Type>(type));
+}
+
+inline WireFormatLite::FieldType field_type(FieldType type) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(type > 0 && type <= WireFormatLite::MAX_FIELD_TYPE);
+  return static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(type);
+}
+
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(EXTENSION, LABEL, CPPTYPE)                         \
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ((EXTENSION).is_repeated ? FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED  \
+                                    : FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL, \
+            FieldDescriptor::LABEL_##LABEL);                           \
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type((EXTENSION).type), FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE)
+
+const MessageLite& ExtensionSet::GetMessage(int number,
+                                            const Descriptor* message_type,
+                                            MessageFactory* factory) const {
+  const Extension* extension = FindOrNull(number);
+  if (extension == NULL || extension->is_cleared) {
+    // Not present.  Return the default value.
+    return *factory->GetPrototype(message_type);
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL, MESSAGE);
+    if (extension->is_lazy) {
+      return extension->lazymessage_value->GetMessage(
+          *factory->GetPrototype(message_type));
+    } else {
+      return *extension->message_value;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+MessageLite* ExtensionSet::MutableMessage(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                          MessageFactory* factory) {
+  Extension* extension;
+  if (MaybeNewExtension(descriptor->number(), descriptor, &extension)) {
+    extension->type = descriptor->type();
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type), FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE);
+    extension->is_repeated = false;
+    extension->is_packed = false;
+    const MessageLite* prototype =
+        factory->GetPrototype(descriptor->message_type());
+    extension->is_lazy = false;
+    extension->message_value = prototype->New(arena_);
+    extension->is_cleared = false;
+    return extension->message_value;
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL, MESSAGE);
+    extension->is_cleared = false;
+    if (extension->is_lazy) {
+      return extension->lazymessage_value->MutableMessage(
+          *factory->GetPrototype(descriptor->message_type()));
+    } else {
+      return extension->message_value;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+MessageLite* ExtensionSet::ReleaseMessage(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                          MessageFactory* factory) {
+  Extension* extension = FindOrNull(descriptor->number());
+  if (extension == NULL) {
+    // Not present.  Return NULL.
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL, MESSAGE);
+    MessageLite* ret = NULL;
+    if (extension->is_lazy) {
+      ret = extension->lazymessage_value->ReleaseMessage(
+          *factory->GetPrototype(descriptor->message_type()));
+      if (arena_ == NULL) {
+        delete extension->lazymessage_value;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (arena_ != NULL) {
+        ret = extension->message_value->New();
+        ret->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(*extension->message_value);
+      } else {
+        ret = extension->message_value;
+      }
+    }
+    Erase(descriptor->number());
+    return ret;
+  }
+}
+
+MessageLite* ExtensionSet::UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, MessageFactory* factory) {
+  Extension* extension = FindOrNull(descriptor->number());
+  if (extension == NULL) {
+    // Not present.  Return NULL.
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL, MESSAGE);
+    MessageLite* ret = NULL;
+    if (extension->is_lazy) {
+      ret = extension->lazymessage_value->UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(
+          *factory->GetPrototype(descriptor->message_type()));
+      if (arena_ == NULL) {
+        delete extension->lazymessage_value;
+      }
+    } else {
+      ret = extension->message_value;
+    }
+    Erase(descriptor->number());
+    return ret;
+  }
+}
+
+ExtensionSet::Extension* ExtensionSet::MaybeNewRepeatedExtension(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  Extension* extension;
+  if (MaybeNewExtension(descriptor->number(), descriptor, &extension)) {
+    extension->type = descriptor->type();
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type), FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE);
+    extension->is_repeated = true;
+    extension->repeated_message_value =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite> >(arena_);
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED, MESSAGE);
+  }
+  return extension;
+}
+
+MessageLite* ExtensionSet::AddMessage(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                      MessageFactory* factory) {
+  Extension* extension = MaybeNewRepeatedExtension(descriptor);
+
+  // RepeatedPtrField<Message> does not know how to Add() since it cannot
+  // allocate an abstract object, so we have to be tricky.
+  MessageLite* result =
+      reinterpret_cast<internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase*>(
+          extension->repeated_message_value)
+          ->AddFromCleared<GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite> >();
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    const MessageLite* prototype;
+    if (extension->repeated_message_value->size() == 0) {
+      prototype = factory->GetPrototype(descriptor->message_type());
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(prototype != NULL);
+    } else {
+      prototype = &extension->repeated_message_value->Get(0);
+    }
+    result = prototype->New(arena_);
+    extension->repeated_message_value->AddAllocated(result);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+void ExtensionSet::AddAllocatedMessage(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       MessageLite* new_entry) {
+  Extension* extension = MaybeNewRepeatedExtension(descriptor);
+
+  extension->repeated_message_value->AddAllocated(new_entry);
+}
+
+static bool ValidateEnumUsingDescriptor(const void* arg, int number) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const EnumDescriptor*>(arg)->FindValueByNumber(
+             number) != NULL;
+}
+
+bool DescriptorPoolExtensionFinder::Find(int number, ExtensionInfo* output) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* extension =
+      pool_->FindExtensionByNumber(containing_type_, number);
+  if (extension == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    output->type = extension->type();
+    output->is_repeated = extension->is_repeated();
+    output->is_packed = extension->options().packed();
+    output->descriptor = extension;
+    if (extension->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      output->message_info.prototype =
+          factory_->GetPrototype(extension->message_type());
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(output->message_info.prototype != nullptr)
+          << "Extension factory's GetPrototype() returned NULL for extension: "
+          << extension->full_name();
+    } else if (extension->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
+      output->enum_validity_check.func = ValidateEnumUsingDescriptor;
+      output->enum_validity_check.arg = extension->enum_type();
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+
+bool ExtensionSet::FindExtension(int wire_type, uint32 field,
+                                 const Message* containing_type,
+                                 const internal::ParseContext* ctx,
+                                 ExtensionInfo* extension,
+                                 bool* was_packed_on_wire) {
+  if (ctx->data().pool == nullptr) {
+    GeneratedExtensionFinder finder(containing_type);
+    if (!FindExtensionInfoFromFieldNumber(wire_type, field, &finder, extension,
+                                          was_packed_on_wire)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    DescriptorPoolExtensionFinder finder(ctx->data().pool, ctx->data().factory,
+                                         containing_type->GetDescriptor());
+    if (!FindExtensionInfoFromFieldNumber(wire_type, field, &finder, extension,
+                                          was_packed_on_wire)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+const char* ExtensionSet::ParseField(
+    uint64 tag, const char* ptr, const Message* containing_type,
+    internal::InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata,
+    internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+  int number = tag >> 3;
+  bool was_packed_on_wire;
+  ExtensionInfo extension;
+  if (!FindExtension(tag & 7, number, containing_type, ctx, &extension,
+                     &was_packed_on_wire)) {
+    return UnknownFieldParse(tag, metadata->mutable_unknown_fields(), ptr, ctx);
+  }
+  return ParseFieldWithExtensionInfo(number, was_packed_on_wire, extension,
+                                     metadata, ptr, ctx);
+}
+
+const char* ExtensionSet::ParseFieldMaybeLazily(
+    uint64 tag, const char* ptr, const Message* containing_type,
+    internal::InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata,
+    internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return ParseField(tag, ptr, containing_type, metadata, ctx);
+}
+
+const char* ExtensionSet::ParseMessageSetItem(
+    const char* ptr, const Message* containing_type,
+    internal::InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata,
+    internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return ParseMessageSetItemTmpl(ptr, containing_type, metadata, ctx);
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::ParseField(uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                              const Message* containing_type,
+                              UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields) {
+  UnknownFieldSetFieldSkipper skipper(unknown_fields);
+  if (input->GetExtensionPool() == NULL) {
+    GeneratedExtensionFinder finder(containing_type);
+    return ParseField(tag, input, &finder, &skipper);
+  } else {
+    DescriptorPoolExtensionFinder finder(input->GetExtensionPool(),
+                                         input->GetExtensionFactory(),
+                                         containing_type->GetDescriptor());
+    return ParseField(tag, input, &finder, &skipper);
+  }
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::ParseMessageSet(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                   const Message* containing_type,
+                                   UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields) {
+  MessageSetFieldSkipper skipper(unknown_fields);
+  if (input->GetExtensionPool() == NULL) {
+    GeneratedExtensionFinder finder(containing_type);
+    return ParseMessageSet(input, &finder, &skipper);
+  } else {
+    DescriptorPoolExtensionFinder finder(input->GetExtensionPool(),
+                                         input->GetExtensionFactory(),
+                                         containing_type->GetDescriptor());
+    return ParseMessageSet(input, &finder, &skipper);
+  }
+}
+
+int ExtensionSet::SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const {
+  return internal::FromIntSize(SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong());
+}
+
+size_t ExtensionSet::SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() const {
+  size_t total_size = Size() * sizeof(KeyValue);
+  ForEach([&total_size](int /* number */, const Extension& ext) {
+    total_size += ext.SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong();
+  });
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+inline size_t ExtensionSet::RepeatedMessage_SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong(
+    RepeatedPtrFieldBase* field) {
+  return field->SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >();
+}
+
+size_t ExtensionSet::Extension::SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() const {
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+  if (is_repeated) {
+    switch (cpp_type(type)) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE)                                     \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE:                                  \
+    total_size += sizeof(*repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value) +                     \
+                  repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong(); \
+    break
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, enum);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, string);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        // repeated_message_value is actually a RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite>,
+        // but MessageLite has no SpaceUsedLong(), so we must directly call
+        // RepeatedPtrFieldBase::SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() with a different
+        // type handler.
+        total_size += sizeof(*repeated_message_value) +
+                      RepeatedMessage_SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong(
+                          reinterpret_cast<internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase*>(
+                              repeated_message_value));
+        break;
+    }
+  } else {
+    switch (cpp_type(type)) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        total_size += sizeof(*string_value) +
+                      StringSpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong(*string_value);
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (is_lazy) {
+          total_size += lazymessage_value->SpaceUsedLong();
+        } else {
+          total_size += down_cast<Message*>(message_value)->SpaceUsedLong();
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        // No extra storage costs for primitive types.
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+uint8* ExtensionSet::SerializeMessageSetWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    uint8* target) const {
+  io::EpsCopyOutputStream stream(
+      target, MessageSetByteSize(),
+      io::CodedOutputStream::IsDefaultSerializationDeterministic());
+  return InternalSerializeMessageSetWithCachedSizesToArray(target, &stream);
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::ParseFieldMaybeLazily(
+    int wire_type, int field_number, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+    ExtensionFinder* extension_finder, MessageSetFieldSkipper* field_skipper) {
+  return ParseField(
+      WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field_number,
+                              static_cast<WireFormatLite::WireType>(wire_type)),
+      input, extension_finder, field_skipper);
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::ParseMessageSet(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                   ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+                                   MessageSetFieldSkipper* field_skipper) {
+  while (true) {
+    const uint32 tag = input->ReadTag();
+    switch (tag) {
+      case 0:
+        return true;
+      case WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemStartTag:
+        if (!ParseMessageSetItem(input, extension_finder, field_skipper)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (!ParseField(tag, input, extension_finder, field_skipper)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool ExtensionSet::ParseMessageSetItem(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                       ExtensionFinder* extension_finder,
+                                       MessageSetFieldSkipper* field_skipper) {
+  struct MSFull {
+    bool ParseField(int type_id, io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+      return me->ParseFieldMaybeLazily(
+          WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, type_id, input,
+          extension_finder, field_skipper);
+    }
+
+    bool SkipField(uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+      return field_skipper->SkipField(input, tag);
+    }
+
+    ExtensionSet* me;
+    ExtensionFinder* extension_finder;
+    MessageSetFieldSkipper* field_skipper;
+  };
+
+  return ParseMessageSetItemImpl(input,
+                                 MSFull{this, extension_finder, field_skipper});
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_inl.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..087a3a442
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_SET_INL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_SET_INL_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/parse_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename T>
+const char* ExtensionSet::ParseFieldWithExtensionInfo(
+    int number, bool was_packed_on_wire, const ExtensionInfo& extension,
+    T* metadata, const char* ptr, internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+  if (was_packed_on_wire) {
+    switch (extension.type) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CPP_CAMELCASE)                                \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                                     \
+    return internal::Packed##CPP_CAMELCASE##Parser(                          \
+        MutableRawRepeatedField(number, extension.type, extension.is_packed, \
+                                extension.descriptor),                       \
+        ptr, ctx);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, Int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, Int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SINT32, SInt32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SINT64, SInt64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED32, Fixed32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED64, Fixed64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED32, SFixed32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED64, SFixed64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, Float);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM:
+        return internal::PackedEnumParserArg(
+            MutableRawRepeatedField(number, extension.type, extension.is_packed,
+                                    extension.descriptor),
+            ptr, ctx, extension.enum_validity_check.func,
+            extension.enum_validity_check.arg, metadata, number);
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING:
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES:
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP:
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Non-primitive types can't be packed.";
+        break;
+    }
+  } else {
+    switch (extension.type) {
+#define HANDLE_VARINT_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CPP_CAMELCASE)                        \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE: {                                  \
+    uint64 value;                                                           \
+    ptr = VarintParse(ptr, &value);                                         \
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);                                    \
+    if (extension.is_repeated) {                                            \
+      Add##CPP_CAMELCASE(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE,          \
+                         extension.is_packed, value, extension.descriptor); \
+    } else {                                                                \
+      Set##CPP_CAMELCASE(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE, value,   \
+                         extension.descriptor);                             \
+    }                                                                       \
+  } break
+
+      HANDLE_VARINT_TYPE(INT32, Int32);
+      HANDLE_VARINT_TYPE(INT64, Int64);
+      HANDLE_VARINT_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32);
+      HANDLE_VARINT_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64);
+#undef HANDLE_VARINT_TYPE
+#define HANDLE_SVARINT_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CPP_CAMELCASE, SIZE)                 \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE: {                                  \
+    uint64 val;                                                             \
+    ptr = VarintParse(ptr, &val);                                           \
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);                                    \
+    auto value = WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode##SIZE(val);                   \
+    if (extension.is_repeated) {                                            \
+      Add##CPP_CAMELCASE(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE,          \
+                         extension.is_packed, value, extension.descriptor); \
+    } else {                                                                \
+      Set##CPP_CAMELCASE(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE, value,   \
+                         extension.descriptor);                             \
+    }                                                                       \
+  } break
+
+      HANDLE_SVARINT_TYPE(SINT32, Int32, 32);
+      HANDLE_SVARINT_TYPE(SINT64, Int64, 64);
+#undef HANDLE_SVARINT_TYPE
+#define HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CPP_CAMELCASE, CPPTYPE)                \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE: {                                  \
+    auto value = UnalignedLoad<CPPTYPE>(ptr);                               \
+    ptr += sizeof(CPPTYPE);                                                 \
+    if (extension.is_repeated) {                                            \
+      Add##CPP_CAMELCASE(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE,          \
+                         extension.is_packed, value, extension.descriptor); \
+    } else {                                                                \
+      Set##CPP_CAMELCASE(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE, value,   \
+                         extension.descriptor);                             \
+    }                                                                       \
+  } break
+
+      HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(FIXED32, UInt32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(FIXED64, UInt64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(SFIXED32, Int32, int32);
+      HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(SFIXED64, Int64, int64);
+      HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(FLOAT, Float, float);
+      HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double, double);
+      HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(BOOL, Bool, bool);
+#undef HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE
+
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM: {
+        uint64 val;
+        ptr = VarintParse(ptr, &val);
+        GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+        int value = val;
+
+        if (!extension.enum_validity_check.func(
+                extension.enum_validity_check.arg, value)) {
+          WriteVarint(number, val, metadata->mutable_unknown_fields());
+        } else if (extension.is_repeated) {
+          AddEnum(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM, extension.is_packed, value,
+                  extension.descriptor);
+        } else {
+          SetEnum(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM, value,
+                  extension.descriptor);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES:
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING: {
+        std::string* value =
+            extension.is_repeated
+                ? AddString(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING,
+                            extension.descriptor)
+                : MutableString(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING,
+                                extension.descriptor);
+        int size = ReadSize(&ptr);
+        GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+        return ctx->ReadString(ptr, size, value);
+      }
+
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP: {
+        MessageLite* value =
+            extension.is_repeated
+                ? AddMessage(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP,
+                             *extension.message_info.prototype,
+                             extension.descriptor)
+                : MutableMessage(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP,
+                                 *extension.message_info.prototype,
+                                 extension.descriptor);
+        uint32 tag = (number << 3) + WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_START_GROUP;
+        return ctx->ParseGroup(value, ptr, tag);
+      }
+
+      case WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        MessageLite* value =
+            extension.is_repeated
+                ? AddMessage(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                             *extension.message_info.prototype,
+                             extension.descriptor)
+                : MutableMessage(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                                 *extension.message_info.prototype,
+                                 extension.descriptor);
+        return ctx->ParseMessage(value, ptr);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+template <typename Msg, typename Metadata>
+const char* ExtensionSet::ParseMessageSetItemTmpl(const char* ptr,
+                                                  const Msg* containing_type,
+                                                  Metadata* metadata,
+                                                  internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+  std::string payload;
+  uint32 type_id = 0;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    uint32 tag = static_cast<uint8>(*ptr++);
+    if (tag == WireFormatLite::kMessageSetTypeIdTag) {
+      uint64 tmp;
+      ptr = ParseBigVarint(ptr, &tmp);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+      type_id = tmp;
+      if (!payload.empty()) {
+        ExtensionInfo extension;
+        bool was_packed_on_wire;
+        if (!FindExtension(2, type_id, containing_type, ctx, &extension,
+                           &was_packed_on_wire)) {
+          WriteLengthDelimited(type_id, payload,
+                               metadata->mutable_unknown_fields());
+        } else {
+          MessageLite* value =
+              extension.is_repeated
+                  ? AddMessage(type_id, WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                               *extension.message_info.prototype,
+                               extension.descriptor)
+                  : MutableMessage(type_id, WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                                   *extension.message_info.prototype,
+                                   extension.descriptor);
+
+          const char* p;
+          // We can't use regular parse from string as we have to track
+          // proper recursion depth and descriptor pools.
+          ParseContext tmp_ctx(ctx->depth(), false, &p, payload);
+          tmp_ctx.data().pool = ctx->data().pool;
+          tmp_ctx.data().factory = ctx->data().factory;
+          GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(value->_InternalParse(p, &tmp_ctx) &&
+                                         tmp_ctx.EndedAtLimit());
+        }
+        type_id = 0;
+      }
+    } else if (tag == WireFormatLite::kMessageSetMessageTag) {
+      if (type_id != 0) {
+        ptr = ParseFieldMaybeLazily(static_cast<uint64>(type_id) * 8 + 2, ptr,
+                                    containing_type, metadata, ctx);
+        GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr != nullptr);
+        type_id = 0;
+      } else {
+        int32 size = ReadSize(&ptr);
+        GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+        ptr = ctx->ReadString(ptr, size, &payload);
+        GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+      }
+    } else {
+      ptr = ReadTag(ptr - 1, &tag);
+      if (tag == 0 || (tag & 7) == 4) {
+        ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+        return ptr;
+      }
+      ptr = ParseField(tag, ptr, containing_type, metadata, ctx);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+    }
+  }
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_SET_INL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c08782b58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1325 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util2.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_mset.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+namespace {
+
+using TestUtil::EqualsToSerialized;
+
+// This test closely mirrors net/proto2/compiler/cpp/internal/unittest.cc
+// except that it uses extensions rather than regular fields.
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, Defaults) {
+  // Check that all default values are set correctly in the initial message.
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectExtensionsClear(message);
+
+  // Messages should return pointers to default instances until first use.
+  // (This is not checked by ExpectClear() since it is not actually true after
+  // the fields have been set and then cleared.)
+  EXPECT_EQ(&unittest::OptionalGroup_extension::default_instance(),
+            &message.GetExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      &unittest::ForeignMessage::default_instance(),
+      &message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&unittest_import::ImportMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension));
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, Accessors) {
+  // Set every field to a unique value then go back and check all those
+  // values.
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message);
+
+  TestUtil::ModifyRepeatedExtensions(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedExtensionsModified(message);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, Clear) {
+  // Set every field to a unique value, clear the message, then check that
+  // it is cleared.
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+  message.Clear();
+  TestUtil::ExpectExtensionsClear(message);
+
+  // Unlike with the defaults test, we do NOT expect that requesting embedded
+  // messages will return a pointer to the default instance.  Instead, they
+  // should return the objects that were created when mutable_blah() was
+  // called.
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest::OptionalGroup_extension::default_instance(),
+            &message.GetExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension));
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_NE(
+      &unittest::ForeignMessage::default_instance(),
+      &message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest_import::ImportMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension));
+
+  // Make sure setting stuff again after clearing works.  (This takes slightly
+  // different code paths since the objects are reused.)
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, ClearOneField) {
+  // Set every field to a unique value, then clear one value and insure that
+  // only that one value is cleared.
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+  int64 original_value =
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension);
+
+  // Clear the field and make sure it shows up as cleared.
+  message.ClearExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension));
+
+  // Other adjacent fields should not be cleared.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_uint32_extension));
+
+  // Make sure if we set it again, then all fields are set.
+  message.SetExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension, original_value);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, SetAllocatedExtension) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+  // Add a extension using SetAllocatedExtension
+  unittest::ForeignMessage* foreign_message = new unittest::ForeignMessage();
+  message.SetAllocatedExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension,
+                                foreign_message);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foreign_message, message.MutableExtension(
+                                 unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foreign_message, &message.GetExtension(
+                                 unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+
+  // SetAllocatedExtension should delete the previously existing extension.
+  // (We reply on unittest to check memory leaks for this case)
+  message.SetAllocatedExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension,
+                                new unittest::ForeignMessage());
+
+  // SetAllocatedExtension with a NULL parameter is equivalent to ClearExtenion.
+  message.SetAllocatedExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension,
+                                NULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, ReleaseExtension) {
+  proto2_wireformat_unittest::TestMessageSet message;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(
+      unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension));
+  // Add a extension using SetAllocatedExtension
+  unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1* extension =
+      new unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1();
+  message.SetAllocatedExtension(
+      unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension, extension);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(
+      unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension));
+  // Release the extension using ReleaseExtension
+  unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1* released_extension =
+      message.ReleaseExtension(
+          unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension);
+  EXPECT_EQ(extension, released_extension);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(
+      unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension));
+  // ReleaseExtension will return the underlying object even after
+  // ClearExtension is called.
+  message.SetAllocatedExtension(
+      unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension, extension);
+  message.ClearExtension(
+      unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension);
+  released_extension = message.ReleaseExtension(
+      unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(released_extension != NULL);
+  delete released_extension;
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, ArenaUnsafeArenaSetAllocatedAndRelease) {
+  Arena arena;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions* message =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllExtensions>(&arena);
+  unittest::ForeignMessage extension;
+  message->UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedExtension(
+      unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension, &extension);
+  // No copy when set.
+  unittest::ForeignMessage* mutable_extension =
+      message->MutableExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&extension, mutable_extension);
+  // No copy when unsafe released.
+  unittest::ForeignMessage* released_extension =
+      message->UnsafeArenaReleaseExtension(
+          unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&extension, released_extension);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message->HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+  // Set the ownership back and let the destructors run.  It should not take
+  // ownership, so this should not crash.
+  message->UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedExtension(
+      unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension, &extension);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedAndRelease) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  unittest::ForeignMessage* extension = new unittest::ForeignMessage();
+  message.UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedExtension(
+      unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension, extension);
+  // No copy when set.
+  unittest::ForeignMessage* mutable_extension =
+      message.MutableExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension);
+  EXPECT_EQ(extension, mutable_extension);
+  // No copy when unsafe released.
+  unittest::ForeignMessage* released_extension =
+      message.UnsafeArenaReleaseExtension(
+          unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension);
+  EXPECT_EQ(extension, released_extension);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+  // Set the ownership back and let the destructors run.  It should take
+  // ownership, so this should not leak.
+  message.UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedExtension(
+      unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension, extension);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, ArenaUnsafeArenaReleaseOfHeapAlloc) {
+  Arena arena;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions* message =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllExtensions>(&arena);
+  unittest::ForeignMessage* extension = new unittest::ForeignMessage;
+  message->SetAllocatedExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension,
+                                 extension);
+  // The arena should maintain ownership of the heap allocated proto because we
+  // used UnsafeArenaReleaseExtension.  The leak checker will ensure this.
+  unittest::ForeignMessage* released_extension =
+      message->UnsafeArenaReleaseExtension(
+          unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension);
+  EXPECT_EQ(extension, released_extension);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message->HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+}
+
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, CopyFrom) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message1, message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message1);
+  message2.CopyFrom(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+  message2.CopyFrom(message1);  // exercise copy when fields already exist
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, CopyFromPacked) {
+  unittest::TestPackedExtensions message1, message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetPackedExtensions(&message1);
+  message2.CopyFrom(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectPackedExtensionsSet(message2);
+  message2.CopyFrom(message1);  // exercise copy when fields already exist
+  TestUtil::ExpectPackedExtensionsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, CopyFromUpcasted) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message1, message2;
+  const Message& upcasted_message = message1;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message1);
+  message2.CopyFrom(upcasted_message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+  // exercise copy when fields already exist
+  message2.CopyFrom(upcasted_message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, SwapWithEmpty) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message1, message2;
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message1);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectExtensionsClear(message2);
+  message1.Swap(&message2);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+  TestUtil::ExpectExtensionsClear(message1);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, SwapWithSelf) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message);
+  message.Swap(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, SwapExtension) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message1;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message1);
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+
+  // Swap empty fields.
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->SwapFields(&message1, &message2, fields);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectExtensionsClear(message2);
+
+  // Swap two extensions.
+  fields.push_back(reflection->FindKnownExtensionByNumber(12));
+  fields.push_back(reflection->FindKnownExtensionByNumber(25));
+  reflection->SwapFields(&message1, &message2, fields);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message1.HasExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message1.HasExtension(unittest::optional_double_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message1.HasExtension(unittest::optional_cord_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message2.HasExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.HasExtension(unittest::optional_double_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.HasExtension(unittest::optional_cord_extension));
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, SwapExtensionWithEmpty) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message1;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message2;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message3;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message3);
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message3.GetReflection();
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  reflection->ListFields(message3, &fields);
+
+  reflection->SwapFields(&message1, &message2, fields);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectExtensionsClear(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectExtensionsClear(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, SwapExtensionBothFull) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message1;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message2);
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  reflection->ListFields(message1, &fields);
+
+  reflection->SwapFields(&message1, &message2, fields);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, ArenaSetAllExtension) {
+  Arena arena1;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions* message1 =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllExtensions>(&arena1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(*message1);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, ArenaCopyConstructor) {
+  Arena arena1;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions* message1 =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllExtensions>(&arena1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(message1);
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message2(*message1);
+  arena1.Reset();
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, ArenaMergeFrom) {
+  Arena arena1;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions* message1 =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllExtensions>(&arena1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(message1);
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message2;
+  message2.MergeFrom(*message1);
+  arena1.Reset();
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, ArenaSetAllocatedMessageAndRelease) {
+  Arena arena;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions* message =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllExtensions>(&arena);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message->HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+  // Add a extension using SetAllocatedExtension
+  unittest::ForeignMessage* foreign_message = new unittest::ForeignMessage();
+  message->SetAllocatedExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension,
+                                 foreign_message);
+  // foreign_message is now owned by the arena.
+  EXPECT_EQ(foreign_message, message->MutableExtension(
+                                 unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+
+  // Underlying message is copied, and returned.
+  unittest::ForeignMessage* released_message =
+      message->ReleaseExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension);
+  delete released_message;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message->HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, SwapExtensionBothFullWithArena) {
+  Arena arena1;
+  std::unique_ptr<Arena> arena2(new Arena());
+
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions* message1 =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllExtensions>(&arena1);
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions* message2 =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllExtensions>(arena2.get());
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(message1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(message2);
+  message1->SetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension, 1);
+  message2->SetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension, 2);
+  message1->Swap(message2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message1->GetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message2->GetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension));
+  // Re-set the original values so ExpectAllExtensionsSet is happy.
+  message1->SetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension, 101);
+  message2->SetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension, 101);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(*message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(*message2);
+  arena2.reset(NULL);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(*message1);
+  // Test corner cases, when one is empty and other is not.
+  Arena arena3, arena4;
+
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions* message3 =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllExtensions>(&arena3);
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions* message4 =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllExtensions>(&arena4);
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(message3);
+  message3->Swap(message4);
+  arena3.Reset();
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(*message4);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, SwapFieldsOfExtensionBothFullWithArena) {
+  Arena arena1;
+  Arena* arena2 = new Arena();
+
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions* message1 =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllExtensions>(&arena1);
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions* message2 =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllExtensions>(arena2);
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(message1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(message2);
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1->GetReflection();
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  reflection->ListFields(*message1, &fields);
+  reflection->SwapFields(message1, message2, fields);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(*message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(*message2);
+  delete arena2;
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(*message1);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, SwapExtensionWithSelf) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message1;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message1);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->ListFields(message1, &fields);
+  reflection->SwapFields(&message1, &message1, fields);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message1);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, SerializationToArray) {
+  // Serialize as TestAllExtensions and parse as TestAllTypes to insure wire
+  // compatibility of extensions.
+  //
+  // This checks serialization to a flat array by explicitly reserving space in
+  // the string and calling the generated message's
+  // SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray.
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions source;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes destination;
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&source);
+  int size = source.ByteSize();
+  std::string data;
+  data.resize(size);
+  uint8* target = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data));
+  uint8* end = source.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(target);
+  EXPECT_EQ(size, end - target);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(destination.ParseFromString(data));
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(destination);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, SerializationToStream) {
+  // Serialize as TestAllExtensions and parse as TestAllTypes to insure wire
+  // compatibility of extensions.
+  //
+  // This checks serialization to an output stream by creating an array output
+  // stream that can only buffer 1 byte at a time - this prevents the message
+  // from ever jumping to the fast path, ensuring that serialization happens via
+  // the CodedOutputStream.
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions source;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes destination;
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&source);
+  int size = source.ByteSize();
+  std::string data;
+  data.resize(size);
+  {
+    io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data), size, 1);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+    source.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(destination.ParseFromString(data));
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(destination);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, PackedSerializationToArray) {
+  // Serialize as TestPackedExtensions and parse as TestPackedTypes to insure
+  // wire compatibility of extensions.
+  //
+  // This checks serialization to a flat array by explicitly reserving space in
+  // the string and calling the generated message's
+  // SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray.
+  unittest::TestPackedExtensions source;
+  unittest::TestPackedTypes destination;
+  TestUtil::SetPackedExtensions(&source);
+  int size = source.ByteSize();
+  std::string data;
+  data.resize(size);
+  uint8* target = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data));
+  uint8* end = source.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(target);
+  EXPECT_EQ(size, end - target);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(destination.ParseFromString(data));
+  TestUtil::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(destination);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, PackedSerializationToStream) {
+  // Serialize as TestPackedExtensions and parse as TestPackedTypes to insure
+  // wire compatibility of extensions.
+  //
+  // This checks serialization to an output stream by creating an array output
+  // stream that can only buffer 1 byte at a time - this prevents the message
+  // from ever jumping to the fast path, ensuring that serialization happens via
+  // the CodedOutputStream.
+  unittest::TestPackedExtensions source;
+  unittest::TestPackedTypes destination;
+  TestUtil::SetPackedExtensions(&source);
+  int size = source.ByteSize();
+  std::string data;
+  data.resize(size);
+  {
+    io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data), size, 1);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+    source.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(destination.ParseFromString(data));
+  TestUtil::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(destination);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, NestedExtensionGroup) {
+  // Serialize as TestGroup and parse as TestGroupExtension.
+  unittest::TestGroup source;
+  unittest::TestGroupExtension destination;
+  std::string data;
+
+  source.mutable_optionalgroup()->set_a(117);
+  source.set_optional_foreign_enum(unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  source.SerializeToString(&data);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(destination.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      destination
+          .GetExtension(unittest::TestNestedExtension::optionalgroup_extension)
+          .has_a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(117, destination
+                     .GetExtension(
+                         unittest::TestNestedExtension::optionalgroup_extension)
+                     .a());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(destination.HasExtension(
+      unittest::TestNestedExtension::optional_foreign_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ,
+      destination.GetExtension(
+          unittest::TestNestedExtension::optional_foreign_enum_extension));
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, Parsing) {
+  // Serialize as TestAllTypes and parse as TestAllExtensions.
+  unittest::TestAllTypes source;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions destination;
+  std::string data;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&source);
+  source.SerializeToString(&data);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(destination.ParseFromString(data));
+  TestUtil::SetOneofFields(&destination);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(destination);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, PackedParsing) {
+  // Serialize as TestPackedTypes and parse as TestPackedExtensions.
+  unittest::TestPackedTypes source;
+  unittest::TestPackedExtensions destination;
+  std::string data;
+
+  TestUtil::SetPackedFields(&source);
+  source.SerializeToString(&data);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(destination.ParseFromString(data));
+  TestUtil::ExpectPackedExtensionsSet(destination);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, PackedToUnpackedParsing) {
+  unittest::TestPackedTypes source;
+  unittest::TestUnpackedExtensions destination;
+  std::string data;
+
+  TestUtil::SetPackedFields(&source);
+  source.SerializeToString(&data);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(destination.ParseFromString(data));
+  TestUtil::ExpectUnpackedExtensionsSet(destination);
+
+  // Reserialize
+  unittest::TestUnpackedTypes unpacked;
+  TestUtil::SetUnpackedFields(&unpacked);
+  // Serialized proto has to be the same size and parsed to the same message.
+  EXPECT_EQ(unpacked.SerializeAsString().size(),
+            destination.SerializeAsString().size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(EqualsToSerialized(unpacked, destination.SerializeAsString()));
+
+  // Make sure we can add extensions.
+  destination.AddExtension(unittest::unpacked_int32_extension, 1);
+  destination.AddExtension(unittest::unpacked_enum_extension,
+                           protobuf_unittest::FOREIGN_BAR);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, UnpackedToPackedParsing) {
+  unittest::TestUnpackedTypes source;
+  unittest::TestPackedExtensions destination;
+  std::string data;
+
+  TestUtil::SetUnpackedFields(&source);
+  source.SerializeToString(&data);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(destination.ParseFromString(data));
+  TestUtil::ExpectPackedExtensionsSet(destination);
+
+  // Reserialize
+  unittest::TestPackedTypes packed;
+  TestUtil::SetPackedFields(&packed);
+  // Serialized proto has to be the same size and parsed to the same message.
+  EXPECT_EQ(packed.SerializeAsString().size(),
+            destination.SerializeAsString().size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(EqualsToSerialized(packed, destination.SerializeAsString()));
+
+  // Make sure we can add extensions.
+  destination.AddExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension, 1);
+  destination.AddExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension,
+                           protobuf_unittest::FOREIGN_BAR);
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, IsInitialized) {
+  // Test that IsInitialized() returns false if required fields in nested
+  // extensions are missing.
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.IsInitialized());
+
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::single);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.IsInitialized());
+
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::single)->set_a(1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.IsInitialized());
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::single)->set_b(2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.IsInitialized());
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::single)->set_c(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.IsInitialized());
+
+  message.AddExtension(unittest::TestRequired::multi);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.IsInitialized());
+
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::multi, 0)->set_a(1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.IsInitialized());
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::multi, 0)->set_b(2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.IsInitialized());
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::multi, 0)->set_c(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.IsInitialized());
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, MutableString) {
+  // Test the mutable string accessors.
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension)->assign("foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension));
+
+  message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension)->assign("bar");
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_string_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension, 0));
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, SpaceUsedExcludingSelf) {
+  // Scalar primitive extensions should increase the extension set size by a
+  // minimum of the size of the primitive type.
+#define TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(type, value)                       \
+  do {                                                                       \
+    unittest::TestAllExtensions message;                                     \
+    const int base_size = message.SpaceUsed();                               \
+    message.SetExtension(unittest::optional_##type##_extension, value);      \
+    int min_expected_size =                                                  \
+        base_size +                                                          \
+        sizeof(message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_##type##_extension)); \
+    EXPECT_LE(min_expected_size, message.SpaceUsed());                       \
+  } while (0)
+
+  TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(int32, 101);
+  TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(int64, 102);
+  TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(uint32, 103);
+  TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(uint64, 104);
+  TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(sint32, 105);
+  TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(sint64, 106);
+  TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(fixed32, 107);
+  TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(fixed64, 108);
+  TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(sfixed32, 109);
+  TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(sfixed64, 110);
+  TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(float, 111);
+  TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(double, 112);
+  TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(bool, true);
+#undef TEST_SCALAR_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED
+  {
+    unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+    const int base_size = message.SpaceUsed();
+    message.SetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_enum_extension,
+                         unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO);
+    int min_expected_size =
+        base_size +
+        sizeof(message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_enum_extension));
+    EXPECT_LE(min_expected_size, message.SpaceUsed());
+  }
+  {
+    // Strings may cause extra allocations depending on their length; ensure
+    // that gets included as well.
+    unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+    const int base_size = message.SpaceUsed();
+    const std::string s(
+        "this is a fairly large string that will cause some "
+        "allocation in order to store it in the extension");
+    message.SetExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension, s);
+    int min_expected_size = base_size + s.length();
+    EXPECT_LE(min_expected_size, message.SpaceUsed());
+  }
+  {
+    // Messages also have additional allocation that need to be counted.
+    unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+    const int base_size = message.SpaceUsed();
+    unittest::ForeignMessage foreign;
+    foreign.set_c(42);
+    message.MutableExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension)
+        ->CopyFrom(foreign);
+    int min_expected_size = base_size + foreign.SpaceUsed();
+    EXPECT_LE(min_expected_size, message.SpaceUsed());
+  }
+
+  // Repeated primitive extensions will increase space used by at least a
+  // RepeatedField<T>, and will cause additional allocations when the array
+  // gets too big for the initial space.
+  // This macro:
+  //   - Adds a value to the repeated extension, then clears it, establishing
+  //     the base size.
+  //   - Adds a small number of values, testing that it doesn't increase the
+  //     SpaceUsed()
+  //   - Adds a large number of values (requiring allocation in the repeated
+  //     field), and ensures that that allocation is included in SpaceUsed()
+#define TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(type, cpptype, value)             \
+  do {                                                                        \
+    unittest::TestAllExtensions message;                                      \
+    const int base_size = message.SpaceUsed();                                \
+    int min_expected_size = sizeof(RepeatedField<cpptype>) + base_size;       \
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_##type##_extension, value);       \
+    message.ClearExtension(unittest::repeated_##type##_extension);            \
+    const int empty_repeated_field_size = message.SpaceUsed();                \
+    EXPECT_LE(min_expected_size, empty_repeated_field_size) << #type;         \
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_##type##_extension, value);       \
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_##type##_extension, value);       \
+    EXPECT_EQ(empty_repeated_field_size, message.SpaceUsed()) << #type;       \
+    message.ClearExtension(unittest::repeated_##type##_extension);            \
+    const int old_capacity =                                                  \
+        message.GetRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_##type##_extension)   \
+            .Capacity();                                                      \
+    EXPECT_GE(old_capacity, kMinRepeatedFieldAllocationSize);                 \
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {                                            \
+      message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_##type##_extension, value);     \
+    }                                                                         \
+    int expected_size =                                                       \
+        sizeof(cpptype) *                                                     \
+            (message                                                          \
+                 .GetRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_##type##_extension) \
+                 .Capacity() -                                                \
+             old_capacity) +                                                  \
+        empty_repeated_field_size;                                            \
+    EXPECT_LE(expected_size, message.SpaceUsed()) << #type;                   \
+  } while (0)
+
+  TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(int32, int32, 101);
+  TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(int64, int64, 102);
+  TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(uint32, uint32, 103);
+  TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(uint64, uint64, 104);
+  TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(sint32, int32, 105);
+  TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(sint64, int64, 106);
+  TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(fixed32, uint32, 107);
+  TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(fixed64, uint64, 108);
+  TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(sfixed32, int32, 109);
+  TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(sfixed64, int64, 110);
+  TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(float, float, 111);
+  TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(double, double, 112);
+  TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(bool, bool, true);
+  TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(nested_enum, int,
+                                      unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO);
+#undef TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED
+  // Repeated strings
+  {
+    unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+    const int base_size = message.SpaceUsed();
+    int min_expected_size = sizeof(RepeatedPtrField<std::string>) + base_size;
+    const std::string value(256, 'x');
+    // Once items are allocated, they may stick around even when cleared so
+    // without the hardcore memory management accessors there isn't a notion of
+    // the empty repeated field memory usage as there is with primitive types.
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
+      message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension, value);
+    }
+    min_expected_size +=
+        (sizeof(value) + value.size()) * (16 - kMinRepeatedFieldAllocationSize);
+    EXPECT_LE(min_expected_size, message.SpaceUsed());
+  }
+  // Repeated messages
+  {
+    unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+    const int base_size = message.SpaceUsed();
+    int min_expected_size =
+        sizeof(RepeatedPtrField<unittest::ForeignMessage>) + base_size;
+    unittest::ForeignMessage prototype;
+    prototype.set_c(2);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
+      message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension)
+          ->CopyFrom(prototype);
+    }
+    min_expected_size +=
+        (16 - kMinRepeatedFieldAllocationSize) * prototype.SpaceUsed();
+    EXPECT_LE(min_expected_size, message.SpaceUsed());
+  }
+}
+
+// N.B.: We do not test range-based for here because we remain C++03 compatible.
+template <typename T, typename M, typename ID>
+inline T SumAllExtensions(const M& message, ID extension, T zero) {
+  T sum = zero;
+  typename RepeatedField<T>::const_iterator iter =
+      message.GetRepeatedExtension(extension).begin();
+  typename RepeatedField<T>::const_iterator end =
+      message.GetRepeatedExtension(extension).end();
+  for (; iter != end; ++iter) {
+    sum += *iter;
+  }
+  return sum;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename M, typename ID>
+inline void IncAllExtensions(M* message, ID extension, T val) {
+  typename RepeatedField<T>::iterator iter =
+      message->MutableRepeatedExtension(extension)->begin();
+  typename RepeatedField<T>::iterator end =
+      message->MutableRepeatedExtension(extension)->end();
+  for (; iter != end; ++iter) {
+    *iter += val;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, RepeatedFields) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+
+  // Test empty repeated-field case (b/12926163)
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      0,
+      message.GetRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension).size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      0, message.GetRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension)
+             .size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      0,
+      message.GetRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension).size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      0,
+      message.GetRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+          .size());
+
+  unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage nested_message;
+  nested_message.set_bb(42);
+  unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum nested_enum =
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_MIN;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension, 1);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension, 2);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension, 3);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension, 4);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension, 5);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension, 6);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension, 7);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension, 8);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 7);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 8);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension, 9.0);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension, 10.0);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension, true);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension, nested_enum);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension,
+                         std::string("test"));
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension,
+                         std::string("test\xFF"));
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+        ->CopyFrom(nested_message);
+    message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension, nested_enum);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(10, SumAllExtensions<int32>(message,
+                                        unittest::repeated_int32_extension, 0));
+  IncAllExtensions<int32>(&message, unittest::repeated_int32_extension, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(20, SumAllExtensions<int32>(message,
+                                        unittest::repeated_int32_extension, 0));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(20, SumAllExtensions<int64>(message,
+                                        unittest::repeated_int64_extension, 0));
+  IncAllExtensions<int64>(&message, unittest::repeated_int64_extension, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(30, SumAllExtensions<int64>(message,
+                                        unittest::repeated_int64_extension, 0));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(30, SumAllExtensions<uint32>(
+                    message, unittest::repeated_uint32_extension, 0));
+  IncAllExtensions<uint32>(&message, unittest::repeated_uint32_extension, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(40, SumAllExtensions<uint32>(
+                    message, unittest::repeated_uint32_extension, 0));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(40, SumAllExtensions<uint64>(
+                    message, unittest::repeated_uint64_extension, 0));
+  IncAllExtensions<uint64>(&message, unittest::repeated_uint64_extension, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(50, SumAllExtensions<uint64>(
+                    message, unittest::repeated_uint64_extension, 0));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(50, SumAllExtensions<int32>(
+                    message, unittest::repeated_sint32_extension, 0));
+  IncAllExtensions<int32>(&message, unittest::repeated_sint32_extension, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(60, SumAllExtensions<int32>(
+                    message, unittest::repeated_sint32_extension, 0));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(60, SumAllExtensions<int64>(
+                    message, unittest::repeated_sint64_extension, 0));
+  IncAllExtensions<int64>(&message, unittest::repeated_sint64_extension, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(70, SumAllExtensions<int64>(
+                    message, unittest::repeated_sint64_extension, 0));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(70, SumAllExtensions<uint32>(
+                    message, unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension, 0));
+  IncAllExtensions<uint32>(&message, unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(80, SumAllExtensions<uint32>(
+                    message, unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension, 0));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(80, SumAllExtensions<uint64>(
+                    message, unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension, 0));
+  IncAllExtensions<uint64>(&message, unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(90, SumAllExtensions<uint64>(
+                    message, unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension, 0));
+
+  // Usually, floating-point arithmetic cannot be trusted to be exact, so it is
+  // a Bad Idea to assert equality in a test like this. However, we're dealing
+  // with integers with a small number of significant mantissa bits, so we
+  // should actually have exact precision here.
+  ASSERT_EQ(90, SumAllExtensions<float>(message,
+                                        unittest::repeated_float_extension, 0));
+  IncAllExtensions<float>(&message, unittest::repeated_float_extension, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(100, SumAllExtensions<float>(
+                     message, unittest::repeated_float_extension, 0));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(100, SumAllExtensions<double>(
+                     message, unittest::repeated_double_extension, 0));
+  IncAllExtensions<double>(&message, unittest::repeated_double_extension, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(110, SumAllExtensions<double>(
+                     message, unittest::repeated_double_extension, 0));
+
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::iterator string_iter;
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::iterator string_end;
+  for (string_iter =
+           message
+               .MutableRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension)
+               ->begin(),
+      string_end =
+           message
+               .MutableRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension)
+               ->end();
+       string_iter != string_end; ++string_iter) {
+    *string_iter += "test";
+  }
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_iterator string_const_iter;
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_iterator string_const_end;
+  for (string_const_iter =
+           message.GetRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension)
+               .begin(),
+      string_const_end =
+           message.GetRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension)
+               .end();
+       string_iter != string_end; ++string_iter) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(*string_iter == "testtest");
+  }
+
+  RepeatedField<unittest::TestAllTypes_NestedEnum>::iterator enum_iter;
+  RepeatedField<unittest::TestAllTypes_NestedEnum>::iterator enum_end;
+  for (enum_iter = message
+                       .MutableRepeatedExtension(
+                           unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension)
+                       ->begin(),
+      enum_end = message
+                     .MutableRepeatedExtension(
+                         unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension)
+                     ->end();
+       enum_iter != enum_end; ++enum_iter) {
+    *enum_iter = unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_MAX;
+  }
+  RepeatedField<unittest::TestAllTypes_NestedEnum>::const_iterator
+      enum_const_iter;
+  RepeatedField<unittest::TestAllTypes_NestedEnum>::const_iterator
+      enum_const_end;
+  for (enum_const_iter =
+           message
+               .GetRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension)
+               .begin(),
+      enum_const_end =
+           message
+               .GetRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension)
+               .end();
+       enum_const_iter != enum_const_end; ++enum_const_iter) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(*enum_const_iter, unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum_MAX);
+  }
+
+  RepeatedPtrField<unittest::TestAllTypes_NestedMessage>::iterator msg_iter;
+  RepeatedPtrField<unittest::TestAllTypes_NestedMessage>::iterator msg_end;
+  for (msg_iter = message
+                      .MutableRepeatedExtension(
+                          unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+                      ->begin(),
+      msg_end = message
+                    .MutableRepeatedExtension(
+                        unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+                    ->end();
+       msg_iter != msg_end; ++msg_iter) {
+    msg_iter->set_bb(1234);
+  }
+  RepeatedPtrField<unittest::TestAllTypes_NestedMessage>::const_iterator
+      msg_const_iter;
+  RepeatedPtrField<unittest::TestAllTypes_NestedMessage>::const_iterator
+      msg_const_end;
+  for (msg_const_iter = message
+                            .GetRepeatedExtension(
+                                unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+                            .begin(),
+      msg_const_end = message
+                          .GetRepeatedExtension(
+                              unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+                          .end();
+       msg_const_iter != msg_const_end; ++msg_const_iter) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(msg_const_iter->bb(), 1234);
+  }
+
+  // Test range-based for as well, but only if compiled as C++11.
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+  // Test one primitive field.
+  for (auto& x :
+       *message.MutableRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension)) {
+    x = 4321;
+  }
+  for (const auto& x :
+       message.GetRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension)) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(x, 4321);
+  }
+  // Test one string field.
+  for (auto& x :
+       *message.MutableRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension)) {
+    x = "test_range_based_for";
+  }
+  for (const auto& x :
+       message.GetRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension)) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(x == "test_range_based_for");
+  }
+  // Test one message field.
+  for (auto& x : *message.MutableRepeatedExtension(
+           unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)) {
+    x.set_bb(4321);
+  }
+  for (const auto& x : *message.MutableRepeatedExtension(
+           unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(x.bb(), 4321);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+// From b/12926163
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, AbsentExtension) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  message.MutableRepeatedExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+      ->Add()
+      ->set_bb(123);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1,
+            message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension, 0)
+                .bb());
+}
+
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, InvalidEnumDeath) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(
+      message.SetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_enum_extension,
+                           static_cast<unittest::ForeignEnum>(53)),
+      "IsValid");
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+TEST(ExtensionSetTest, DynamicExtensions) {
+  // Test adding a dynamic extension to a compiled-in message object.
+
+  FileDescriptorProto dynamic_proto;
+  dynamic_proto.set_name("dynamic_extensions_test.proto");
+  dynamic_proto.add_dependency(
+      unittest::TestAllExtensions::descriptor()->file()->name());
+  dynamic_proto.set_package("dynamic_extensions");
+
+  // Copy the fields and nested types from TestDynamicExtensions into our new
+  // proto, converting the fields into extensions.
+  const Descriptor* template_descriptor =
+      unittest::TestDynamicExtensions::descriptor();
+  DescriptorProto template_descriptor_proto;
+  template_descriptor->CopyTo(&template_descriptor_proto);
+  dynamic_proto.mutable_message_type()->MergeFrom(
+      template_descriptor_proto.nested_type());
+  dynamic_proto.mutable_enum_type()->MergeFrom(
+      template_descriptor_proto.enum_type());
+  dynamic_proto.mutable_extension()->MergeFrom(
+      template_descriptor_proto.field());
+
+  // For each extension that we added...
+  for (int i = 0; i < dynamic_proto.extension_size(); i++) {
+    // Set its extendee to TestAllExtensions.
+    FieldDescriptorProto* extension = dynamic_proto.mutable_extension(i);
+    extension->set_extendee(
+        unittest::TestAllExtensions::descriptor()->full_name());
+
+    // If the field refers to one of the types nested in TestDynamicExtensions,
+    // make it refer to the type in our dynamic proto instead.
+    std::string prefix = "." + template_descriptor->full_name() + ".";
+    if (extension->has_type_name()) {
+      std::string* type_name = extension->mutable_type_name();
+      if (HasPrefixString(*type_name, prefix)) {
+        type_name->replace(0, prefix.size(), ".dynamic_extensions.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Now build the file, using the generated pool as an underlay.
+  DescriptorPool dynamic_pool(DescriptorPool::generated_pool());
+  const FileDescriptor* file = dynamic_pool.BuildFile(dynamic_proto);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(file != NULL);
+  DynamicMessageFactory dynamic_factory(&dynamic_pool);
+  dynamic_factory.SetDelegateToGeneratedFactory(true);
+
+  // Construct a message that we can parse with the extensions we defined.
+  // Since the extensions were based off of the fields of TestDynamicExtensions,
+  // we can use that message to create this test message.
+  std::string data;
+  unittest::TestDynamicExtensions dynamic_extension;
+  {
+    unittest::TestDynamicExtensions message;
+    message.set_scalar_extension(123);
+    message.set_enum_extension(unittest::FOREIGN_BAR);
+    message.set_dynamic_enum_extension(
+        unittest::TestDynamicExtensions::DYNAMIC_BAZ);
+    message.mutable_message_extension()->set_c(456);
+    message.mutable_dynamic_message_extension()->set_dynamic_field(789);
+    message.add_repeated_extension("foo");
+    message.add_repeated_extension("bar");
+    message.add_packed_extension(12);
+    message.add_packed_extension(-34);
+    message.add_packed_extension(56);
+    message.add_packed_extension(-78);
+
+    // Also add some unknown fields.
+
+    // An unknown enum value (for a known field).
+    message.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(
+        unittest::TestDynamicExtensions::kDynamicEnumExtensionFieldNumber,
+        12345);
+    // A regular unknown field.
+    message.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddLengthDelimited(54321, "unknown");
+
+    message.SerializeToString(&data);
+    dynamic_extension = message;
+  }
+
+  // Now we can parse this using our dynamic extension definitions...
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  {
+    io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+    io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+    input.SetExtensionRegistry(&dynamic_pool, &dynamic_factory);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(message.ParseFromCodedStream(&input));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(input.ConsumedEntireMessage());
+  }
+
+  // Can we print it?
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "[dynamic_extensions.scalar_extension]: 123\n"
+      "[dynamic_extensions.enum_extension]: FOREIGN_BAR\n"
+      "[dynamic_extensions.dynamic_enum_extension]: DYNAMIC_BAZ\n"
+      "[dynamic_extensions.message_extension] {\n"
+      "  c: 456\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "[dynamic_extensions.dynamic_message_extension] {\n"
+      "  dynamic_field: 789\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "[dynamic_extensions.repeated_extension]: \"foo\"\n"
+      "[dynamic_extensions.repeated_extension]: \"bar\"\n"
+      "[dynamic_extensions.packed_extension]: 12\n"
+      "[dynamic_extensions.packed_extension]: -34\n"
+      "[dynamic_extensions.packed_extension]: 56\n"
+      "[dynamic_extensions.packed_extension]: -78\n"
+      "2002: 12345\n"
+      "54321: \"unknown\"\n",
+      message.DebugString());
+
+  // Can we serialize it?
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      EqualsToSerialized(dynamic_extension, message.SerializeAsString()));
+
+  // What if we parse using the reflection-based parser?
+  {
+    unittest::TestAllExtensions message2;
+    io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+    io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+    input.SetExtensionRegistry(&dynamic_pool, &dynamic_factory);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &message2));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(input.ConsumedEntireMessage());
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.DebugString(), message2.DebugString());
+  }
+
+  // Are the embedded generated types actually using the generated objects?
+  {
+    const FieldDescriptor* message_extension =
+        file->FindExtensionByName("message_extension");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(message_extension != NULL);
+    const Message& sub_message =
+        message.GetReflection()->GetMessage(message, message_extension);
+    const unittest::ForeignMessage* typed_sub_message =
+#if PROTOBUF_RTTI
+        dynamic_cast<const unittest::ForeignMessage*>(&sub_message);
+#else
+        static_cast<const unittest::ForeignMessage*>(&sub_message);
+#endif
+    ASSERT_TRUE(typed_sub_message != NULL);
+    EXPECT_EQ(456, typed_sub_message->c());
+  }
+
+  // What does GetMessage() return for the embedded dynamic type if it isn't
+  // present?
+  {
+    const FieldDescriptor* dynamic_message_extension =
+        file->FindExtensionByName("dynamic_message_extension");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dynamic_message_extension != NULL);
+    const Message& parent = unittest::TestAllExtensions::default_instance();
+    const Message& sub_message = parent.GetReflection()->GetMessage(
+        parent, dynamic_message_extension, &dynamic_factory);
+    const Message* prototype =
+        dynamic_factory.GetPrototype(dynamic_message_extension->message_type());
+    EXPECT_EQ(prototype, &sub_message);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78c343f1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
+
+#include <google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class FieldMaskDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FieldMask> _instance;
+} _FieldMask_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_FieldMask_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_FieldMask_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldMask();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldMask::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_FieldMask_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_FieldMask_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto[1];
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor const** file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto = nullptr;
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor const** file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto = nullptr;
+
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto::offsets[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldMask, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldMask, paths_),
+};
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MigrationSchema schemas[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  { 0, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldMask)},
+};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message const * const file_default_instances[] = {
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_FieldMask_default_instance_),
+};
+
+const char descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
+  "\n google/protobuf/field_mask.proto\022\017goog"
+  "le.protobuf\"\032\n\tFieldMask\022\r\n\005paths\030\001 \003(\tB"
+  "\214\001\n\023com.google.protobufB\016FieldMaskProtoP"
+  "\001Z9google.golang.org/genproto/protobuf/f"
+  "ield_mask;field_mask\370\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.P"
+  "rotobuf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3"
+  ;
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_deps[1] = {
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_sccs[1] = {
+  &scc_info_FieldMask_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto.base,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_once;
+static bool descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_initialized = false;
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto = {
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_initialized, descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto, "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto", 230,
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_once, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_sccs, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_deps, 1, 0,
+  schemas, file_default_instances, TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto::offsets,
+  file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto, 1, file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto, file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto,
+};
+
+// Force running AddDescriptors() at dynamic initialization time.
+static bool dynamic_init_dummy_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto = (  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AddDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto), true);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void FieldMask::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class FieldMask::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+FieldMask::FieldMask()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+}
+FieldMask::FieldMask(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  paths_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+}
+FieldMask::FieldMask(const FieldMask& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      paths_(from.paths_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+}
+
+void FieldMask::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_FieldMask_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto.base);
+}
+
+FieldMask::~FieldMask() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void FieldMask::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void FieldMask::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  FieldMask* _this = reinterpret_cast< FieldMask* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void FieldMask::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void FieldMask::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const FieldMask& FieldMask::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_FieldMask_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void FieldMask::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  paths_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* FieldMask::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // repeated string paths = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            auto str = _internal_add_paths();
+            ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+            CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths"));
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<10>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* FieldMask::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated string paths = 1;
+  for (int i = 0, n = this->_internal_paths_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    const auto& s = this->_internal_paths(i);
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      s.data(), static_cast<int>(s.length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths");
+    target = stream->WriteString(1, s, target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t FieldMask::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated string paths = 1;
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FromIntSize(paths_.size());
+  for (int i = 0, n = paths_.size(); i < n; i++) {
+    total_size += ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+      paths_.Get(i));
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void FieldMask::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const FieldMask* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<FieldMask>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldMask::MergeFrom(const FieldMask& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  paths_.MergeFrom(from.paths_);
+}
+
+void FieldMask::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void FieldMask::CopyFrom(const FieldMask& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool FieldMask::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void FieldMask::InternalSwap(FieldMask* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  paths_.InternalSwap(&other->paths_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata FieldMask::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldMask* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldMask >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldMask >(arena);
+}
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af6b8a9eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3011000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3011004 < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace internal {
+class AnyMetadata;
+}  // namespace internal
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto {
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTableField entries[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTable schema[1]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 offsets[];
+};
+extern PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class FieldMask;
+class FieldMaskDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern FieldMaskDefaultTypeInternal _FieldMask_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldMask* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldMask>(Arena*);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldMask :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.FieldMask) */ {
+ public:
+  FieldMask();
+  virtual ~FieldMask();
+
+  FieldMask(const FieldMask& from);
+  FieldMask(FieldMask&& from) noexcept
+    : FieldMask() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline FieldMask& operator=(const FieldMask& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline FieldMask& operator=(FieldMask&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const FieldMask& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const FieldMask* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const FieldMask*>(
+               &_FieldMask_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    0;
+
+  friend void swap(FieldMask& a, FieldMask& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(FieldMask* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(FieldMask* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline FieldMask* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<FieldMask>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  FieldMask* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<FieldMask>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const FieldMask& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const FieldMask& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(FieldMask* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.FieldMask";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit FieldMask(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kPathsFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // repeated string paths = 1;
+  int paths_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_paths_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_paths();
+  const std::string& paths(int index) const;
+  std::string* mutable_paths(int index);
+  void set_paths(int index, const std::string& value);
+  void set_paths(int index, std::string&& value);
+  void set_paths(int index, const char* value);
+  void set_paths(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* add_paths();
+  void add_paths(const std::string& value);
+  void add_paths(std::string&& value);
+  void add_paths(const char* value);
+  void add_paths(const char* value, size_t size);
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& paths() const;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* mutable_paths();
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_paths(int index) const;
+  std::string* _internal_add_paths();
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string> paths_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// FieldMask
+
+// repeated string paths = 1;
+inline int FieldMask::_internal_paths_size() const {
+  return paths_.size();
+}
+inline int FieldMask::paths_size() const {
+  return _internal_paths_size();
+}
+inline void FieldMask::clear_paths() {
+  paths_.Clear();
+}
+inline std::string* FieldMask::add_paths() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  return _internal_add_paths();
+}
+inline const std::string& FieldMask::_internal_paths(int index) const {
+  return paths_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const std::string& FieldMask::paths(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  return _internal_paths(index);
+}
+inline std::string* FieldMask::mutable_paths(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  return paths_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  paths_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+inline void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, std::string&& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  paths_.Mutable(index)->assign(std::move(value));
+}
+inline void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  paths_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+inline void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  paths_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+inline std::string* FieldMask::_internal_add_paths() {
+  return paths_.Add();
+}
+inline void FieldMask::add_paths(const std::string& value) {
+  paths_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+inline void FieldMask::add_paths(std::string&& value) {
+  paths_.Add(std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+inline void FieldMask::add_paths(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  paths_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+inline void FieldMask::add_paths(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  paths_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>&
+FieldMask::paths() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  return paths_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>*
+FieldMask::mutable_paths() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  return &paths_;
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..baac8744c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "FieldMaskProto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+option go_package = "google.golang.org/genproto/protobuf/field_mask;field_mask";
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+// `FieldMask` represents a set of symbolic field paths, for example:
+//
+//     paths: "f.a"
+//     paths: "f.b.d"
+//
+// Here `f` represents a field in some root message, `a` and `b`
+// fields in the message found in `f`, and `d` a field found in the
+// message in `f.b`.
+//
+// Field masks are used to specify a subset of fields that should be
+// returned by a get operation or modified by an update operation.
+// Field masks also have a custom JSON encoding (see below).
+//
+// # Field Masks in Projections
+//
+// When used in the context of a projection, a response message or
+// sub-message is filtered by the API to only contain those fields as
+// specified in the mask. For example, if the mask in the previous
+// example is applied to a response message as follows:
+//
+//     f {
+//       a : 22
+//       b {
+//         d : 1
+//         x : 2
+//       }
+//       y : 13
+//     }
+//     z: 8
+//
+// The result will not contain specific values for fields x,y and z
+// (their value will be set to the default, and omitted in proto text
+// output):
+//
+//
+//     f {
+//       a : 22
+//       b {
+//         d : 1
+//       }
+//     }
+//
+// A repeated field is not allowed except at the last position of a
+// paths string.
+//
+// If a FieldMask object is not present in a get operation, the
+// operation applies to all fields (as if a FieldMask of all fields
+// had been specified).
+//
+// Note that a field mask does not necessarily apply to the
+// top-level response message. In case of a REST get operation, the
+// field mask applies directly to the response, but in case of a REST
+// list operation, the mask instead applies to each individual message
+// in the returned resource list. In case of a REST custom method,
+// other definitions may be used. Where the mask applies will be
+// clearly documented together with its declaration in the API.  In
+// any case, the effect on the returned resource/resources is required
+// behavior for APIs.
+//
+// # Field Masks in Update Operations
+//
+// A field mask in update operations specifies which fields of the
+// targeted resource are going to be updated. The API is required
+// to only change the values of the fields as specified in the mask
+// and leave the others untouched. If a resource is passed in to
+// describe the updated values, the API ignores the values of all
+// fields not covered by the mask.
+//
+// If a repeated field is specified for an update operation, new values will
+// be appended to the existing repeated field in the target resource. Note that
+// a repeated field is only allowed in the last position of a `paths` string.
+//
+// If a sub-message is specified in the last position of the field mask for an
+// update operation, then new value will be merged into the existing sub-message
+// in the target resource.
+//
+// For example, given the target message:
+//
+//     f {
+//       b {
+//         d: 1
+//         x: 2
+//       }
+//       c: [1]
+//     }
+//
+// And an update message:
+//
+//     f {
+//       b {
+//         d: 10
+//       }
+//       c: [2]
+//     }
+//
+// then if the field mask is:
+//
+//  paths: ["f.b", "f.c"]
+//
+// then the result will be:
+//
+//     f {
+//       b {
+//         d: 10
+//         x: 2
+//       }
+//       c: [1, 2]
+//     }
+//
+// An implementation may provide options to override this default behavior for
+// repeated and message fields.
+//
+// In order to reset a field's value to the default, the field must
+// be in the mask and set to the default value in the provided resource.
+// Hence, in order to reset all fields of a resource, provide a default
+// instance of the resource and set all fields in the mask, or do
+// not provide a mask as described below.
+//
+// If a field mask is not present on update, the operation applies to
+// all fields (as if a field mask of all fields has been specified).
+// Note that in the presence of schema evolution, this may mean that
+// fields the client does not know and has therefore not filled into
+// the request will be reset to their default. If this is unwanted
+// behavior, a specific service may require a client to always specify
+// a field mask, producing an error if not.
+//
+// As with get operations, the location of the resource which
+// describes the updated values in the request message depends on the
+// operation kind. In any case, the effect of the field mask is
+// required to be honored by the API.
+//
+// ## Considerations for HTTP REST
+//
+// The HTTP kind of an update operation which uses a field mask must
+// be set to PATCH instead of PUT in order to satisfy HTTP semantics
+// (PUT must only be used for full updates).
+//
+// # JSON Encoding of Field Masks
+//
+// In JSON, a field mask is encoded as a single string where paths are
+// separated by a comma. Fields name in each path are converted
+// to/from lower-camel naming conventions.
+//
+// As an example, consider the following message declarations:
+//
+//     message Profile {
+//       User user = 1;
+//       Photo photo = 2;
+//     }
+//     message User {
+//       string display_name = 1;
+//       string address = 2;
+//     }
+//
+// In proto a field mask for `Profile` may look as such:
+//
+//     mask {
+//       paths: "user.display_name"
+//       paths: "photo"
+//     }
+//
+// In JSON, the same mask is represented as below:
+//
+//     {
+//       mask: "user.displayName,photo"
+//     }
+//
+// # Field Masks and Oneof Fields
+//
+// Field masks treat fields in oneofs just as regular fields. Consider the
+// following message:
+//
+//     message SampleMessage {
+//       oneof test_oneof {
+//         string name = 4;
+//         SubMessage sub_message = 9;
+//       }
+//     }
+//
+// The field mask can be:
+//
+//     mask {
+//       paths: "name"
+//     }
+//
+// Or:
+//
+//     mask {
+//       paths: "sub_message"
+//     }
+//
+// Note that oneof type names ("test_oneof" in this case) cannot be used in
+// paths.
+//
+// ## Field Mask Verification
+//
+// The implementation of any API method which has a FieldMask type field in the
+// request should verify the included field paths, and return an
+// `INVALID_ARGUMENT` error if any path is unmappable.
+message FieldMask {
+  // The set of field mask paths.
+  repeated string paths = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c25e51bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jasonh@google.com (Jason Hsueh)
+//
+// This header is logically internal, but is made public because it is used
+// from protocol-compiler-generated code, which may reside in other components.
+// It provides reflection support for generated enums, and is included in
+// generated .pb.h files and should have minimal dependencies. The methods are
+// implemented in generated_message_reflection.cc.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_ENUM_REFLECTION_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_ENUM_REFLECTION_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class EnumDescriptor;
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Returns the EnumDescriptor for enum type E, which must be a
+// proto-declared enum type.  Code generated by the protocol compiler
+// will include specializations of this template for each enum type declared.
+template <typename E>
+const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor();
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Helper for EnumType_Parse functions: try to parse the string 'name' as
+// an enum name of the given type, returning true and filling in value on
+// success, or returning false and leaving value unchanged on failure.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool ParseNamedEnum(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                    const std::string& name, int* value);
+
+template <typename EnumType>
+bool ParseNamedEnum(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor, const std::string& name,
+                    EnumType* value) {
+  int tmp;
+  if (!ParseNamedEnum(descriptor, name, &tmp)) return false;
+  *value = static_cast<EnumType>(tmp);
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Just a wrapper around printing the name of a value. The main point of this
+// function is not to be inlined, so that you can do this without including
+// descriptor.h.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT const std::string& NameOfEnum(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                              int value);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_ENUM_REFLECTION_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.cc
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d0c25a96d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+namespace {
+
+bool EnumCompareByName(const EnumEntry& a, const EnumEntry& b) {
+  return StringPiece(a.name) < StringPiece(b.name);
+}
+
+// Gets the numeric value of the EnumEntry at the given index, but returns a
+// special value for the index -1. This gives a way to use std::lower_bound on a
+// sorted array of indices while searching for value that we associate with -1.
+int GetValue(const EnumEntry* enums, int i, int target) {
+  if (i == -1) {
+    return target;
+  } else {
+    return enums[i].value;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool LookUpEnumValue(const EnumEntry* enums, size_t size,
+                     StringPiece name, int* value) {
+  EnumEntry target{name, 0};
+  auto it = std::lower_bound(enums, enums + size, target, EnumCompareByName);
+  if (it != enums + size && it->name == name) {
+    *value = it->value;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+int LookUpEnumName(const EnumEntry* enums, const int* sorted_indices,
+                   size_t size, int value) {
+  auto comparator = [enums, value](int a, int b) {
+    return GetValue(enums, a, value) < GetValue(enums, b, value);
+  };
+  auto it =
+      std::lower_bound(sorted_indices, sorted_indices + size, -1, comparator);
+  if (it != sorted_indices + size && enums[*it].value == value) {
+    return it - sorted_indices;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+bool InitializeEnumStrings(
+    const EnumEntry* enums, const int* sorted_indices, size_t size,
+    internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<std::string>* enum_strings) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+    enum_strings[i].Construct(enums[sorted_indices[i]].name);
+    internal::OnShutdownDestroyString(enum_strings[i].get_mutable());
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1002e2d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_ENUM_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_ENUM_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// This type trait can be used to cause templates to only match proto2 enum
+// types.
+template <typename T>
+struct is_proto_enum : ::std::false_type {};
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// The table entry format for storing enum name-to-value mapping used with lite
+// protos. This struct and the following related functions should only be used
+// by protobuf generated code.
+struct EnumEntry {
+  StringPiece name;
+  int value;
+};
+
+// Looks up a numeric enum value given the string name.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool LookUpEnumValue(const EnumEntry* enums, size_t size,
+                                     StringPiece name, int* value);
+
+// Looks up an enum name given the numeric value.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int LookUpEnumName(const EnumEntry* enums,
+                                   const int* sorted_indices, size_t size,
+                                   int value);
+
+// Initializes the list of enum names in std::string form.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool InitializeEnumStrings(
+    const EnumEntry* enums, const int* sorted_indices, size_t size,
+    internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<std::string>* enum_strings);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_ENUM_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9641ebdf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2439 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <set>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_ONEOF
+
+using google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr;
+using google::protobuf::internal::DescriptorTable;
+using google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet;
+using google::protobuf::internal::GenericTypeHandler;
+using google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString;
+using google::protobuf::internal::InlinedStringField;
+using google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena;
+using google::protobuf::internal::LazyField;
+using google::protobuf::internal::MapFieldBase;
+using google::protobuf::internal::MigrationSchema;
+using google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdownDelete;
+using google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionSchema;
+using google::protobuf::internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase;
+using google::protobuf::internal::StringSpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong;
+using google::protobuf::internal::WrappedMutex;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+bool IsMapFieldInApi(const FieldDescriptor* field) { return field->is_map(); }
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+namespace internal {
+
+bool ParseNamedEnum(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor, const std::string& name,
+                    int* value) {
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* d = descriptor->FindValueByName(name);
+  if (d == nullptr) return false;
+  *value = d->number();
+  return true;
+}
+
+const std::string& NameOfEnum(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor, int value) {
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* d = descriptor->FindValueByNumber(value);
+  return (d == nullptr ? GetEmptyString() : d->name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Helpers for reporting usage errors (e.g. trying to use GetInt32() on
+// a string field).
+
+namespace {
+
+template <class To>
+To* GetPointerAtOffset(Message* message, uint32 offset) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<To*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(message) + offset);
+}
+
+template <class To>
+const To* GetConstPointerAtOffset(const Message* message, uint32 offset) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const To*>(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(message) +
+                                     offset);
+}
+
+template <class To>
+const To& GetConstRefAtOffset(const Message& message, uint32 offset) {
+  return *GetConstPointerAtOffset<To>(&message, offset);
+}
+
+void ReportReflectionUsageError(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                const char* method, const char* description) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Protocol Buffer reflection usage error:\n"
+                "  Method      : google::protobuf::Reflection::"
+             << method
+             << "\n"
+                "  Message type: "
+             << descriptor->full_name()
+             << "\n"
+                "  Field       : "
+             << field->full_name()
+             << "\n"
+                "  Problem     : "
+             << description;
+}
+
+const char* cpptype_names_[FieldDescriptor::MAX_CPPTYPE + 1] = {
+    "INVALID_CPPTYPE", "CPPTYPE_INT32",  "CPPTYPE_INT64",  "CPPTYPE_UINT32",
+    "CPPTYPE_UINT64",  "CPPTYPE_DOUBLE", "CPPTYPE_FLOAT",  "CPPTYPE_BOOL",
+    "CPPTYPE_ENUM",    "CPPTYPE_STRING", "CPPTYPE_MESSAGE"};
+
+static void ReportReflectionUsageTypeError(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+    const char* method, FieldDescriptor::CppType expected_type) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)
+      << "Protocol Buffer reflection usage error:\n"
+         "  Method      : google::protobuf::Reflection::"
+      << method
+      << "\n"
+         "  Message type: "
+      << descriptor->full_name()
+      << "\n"
+         "  Field       : "
+      << field->full_name()
+      << "\n"
+         "  Problem     : Field is not the right type for this message:\n"
+         "    Expected  : "
+      << cpptype_names_[expected_type]
+      << "\n"
+         "    Field type: "
+      << cpptype_names_[field->cpp_type()];
+}
+
+static void ReportReflectionUsageEnumTypeError(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+    const char* method, const EnumValueDescriptor* value) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Protocol Buffer reflection usage error:\n"
+                "  Method      : google::protobuf::Reflection::"
+             << method
+             << "\n"
+                "  Message type: "
+             << descriptor->full_name()
+             << "\n"
+                "  Field       : "
+             << field->full_name()
+             << "\n"
+                "  Problem     : Enum value did not match field type:\n"
+                "    Expected  : "
+             << field->enum_type()->full_name()
+             << "\n"
+                "    Actual    : "
+             << value->full_name();
+}
+
+#define USAGE_CHECK(CONDITION, METHOD, ERROR_DESCRIPTION) \
+  if (!(CONDITION))                                       \
+  ReportReflectionUsageError(descriptor_, field, #METHOD, ERROR_DESCRIPTION)
+#define USAGE_CHECK_EQ(A, B, METHOD, ERROR_DESCRIPTION) \
+  USAGE_CHECK((A) == (B), METHOD, ERROR_DESCRIPTION)
+#define USAGE_CHECK_NE(A, B, METHOD, ERROR_DESCRIPTION) \
+  USAGE_CHECK((A) != (B), METHOD, ERROR_DESCRIPTION)
+
+#define USAGE_CHECK_TYPE(METHOD, CPPTYPE)                      \
+  if (field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE) \
+  ReportReflectionUsageTypeError(descriptor_, field, #METHOD,  \
+                                 FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE)
+
+#define USAGE_CHECK_ENUM_VALUE(METHOD)     \
+  if (value->type() != field->enum_type()) \
+  ReportReflectionUsageEnumTypeError(descriptor_, field, #METHOD, value)
+
+#define USAGE_CHECK_MESSAGE_TYPE(METHOD)                        \
+  USAGE_CHECK_EQ(field->containing_type(), descriptor_, METHOD, \
+                 "Field does not match message type.");
+#define USAGE_CHECK_SINGULAR(METHOD)                                      \
+  USAGE_CHECK_NE(field->label(), FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED, METHOD, \
+                 "Field is repeated; the method requires a singular field.")
+#define USAGE_CHECK_REPEATED(METHOD)                                      \
+  USAGE_CHECK_EQ(field->label(), FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED, METHOD, \
+                 "Field is singular; the method requires a repeated field.")
+
+#define USAGE_CHECK_ALL(METHOD, LABEL, CPPTYPE) \
+  USAGE_CHECK_MESSAGE_TYPE(METHOD);             \
+  USAGE_CHECK_##LABEL(METHOD);                  \
+  USAGE_CHECK_TYPE(METHOD, CPPTYPE)
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+Reflection::Reflection(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                       const internal::ReflectionSchema& schema,
+                       const DescriptorPool* pool, MessageFactory* factory)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      schema_(schema),
+      descriptor_pool_(
+          (pool == nullptr) ? DescriptorPool::internal_generated_pool() : pool),
+      message_factory_(factory),
+      last_non_weak_field_index_(-1) {
+  last_non_weak_field_index_ = descriptor_->field_count() - 1;
+}
+
+const UnknownFieldSet& Reflection::GetUnknownFields(
+    const Message& message) const {
+  return GetInternalMetadataWithArena(message).unknown_fields();
+}
+
+UnknownFieldSet* Reflection::MutableUnknownFields(Message* message) const {
+  return MutableInternalMetadataWithArena(message)->mutable_unknown_fields();
+}
+
+size_t Reflection::SpaceUsedLong(const Message& message) const {
+  // object_size_ already includes the in-memory representation of each field
+  // in the message, so we only need to account for additional memory used by
+  // the fields.
+  size_t total_size = schema_.GetObjectSize();
+
+  total_size += GetUnknownFields(message).SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong();
+
+  if (schema_.HasExtensionSet()) {
+    total_size += GetExtensionSet(message).SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong();
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i <= last_non_weak_field_index_; i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE)                           \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE:                        \
+    total_size += GetRaw<RepeatedField<LOWERCASE> >(message, field) \
+                      .SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong();                \
+    break
+
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, int);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+          switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+            default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+            case FieldOptions::STRING:
+              total_size +=
+                  GetRaw<RepeatedPtrField<std::string> >(message, field)
+                      .SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong();
+              break;
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+          if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+            total_size += GetRaw<internal::MapFieldBase>(message, field)
+                              .SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong();
+          } else {
+            // We don't know which subclass of RepeatedPtrFieldBase the type is,
+            // so we use RepeatedPtrFieldBase directly.
+            total_size +=
+                GetRaw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(message, field)
+                    .SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >();
+          }
+
+          break;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (field->containing_oneof() && !HasOneofField(message, field)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+          // Field is inline, so we've already counted it.
+          break;
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+          switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+            default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+            case FieldOptions::STRING: {
+              if (IsInlined(field)) {
+                const std::string* ptr =
+                    &GetField<InlinedStringField>(message, field).GetNoArena();
+                total_size += StringSpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong(*ptr);
+                break;
+              }
+
+              // Initially, the string points to the default value stored
+              // in the prototype. Only count the string if it has been
+              // changed from the default value.
+              const std::string* default_ptr =
+                  &DefaultRaw<ArenaStringPtr>(field).Get();
+              const std::string* ptr =
+                  &GetField<ArenaStringPtr>(message, field).Get();
+
+              if (ptr != default_ptr) {
+                // string fields are represented by just a pointer, so also
+                // include sizeof(string) as well.
+                total_size +=
+                    sizeof(*ptr) + StringSpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong(*ptr);
+              }
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+          if (schema_.IsDefaultInstance(message)) {
+            // For singular fields, the prototype just stores a pointer to the
+            // external type's prototype, so there is no extra memory usage.
+          } else {
+            const Message* sub_message = GetRaw<const Message*>(message, field);
+            if (sub_message != nullptr) {
+              total_size += sub_message->SpaceUsedLong();
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Reflection::SwapField(Message* message1, Message* message2,
+                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define SWAP_ARRAYS(CPPTYPE, TYPE)                                 \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE:                         \
+    MutableRaw<RepeatedField<TYPE> >(message1, field)              \
+        ->Swap(MutableRaw<RepeatedField<TYPE> >(message2, field)); \
+    break;
+
+      SWAP_ARRAYS(INT32, int32);
+      SWAP_ARRAYS(INT64, int64);
+      SWAP_ARRAYS(UINT32, uint32);
+      SWAP_ARRAYS(UINT64, uint64);
+      SWAP_ARRAYS(FLOAT, float);
+      SWAP_ARRAYS(DOUBLE, double);
+      SWAP_ARRAYS(BOOL, bool);
+      SWAP_ARRAYS(ENUM, int);
+#undef SWAP_ARRAYS
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+          default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+          case FieldOptions::STRING:
+            MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(message1, field)
+                ->Swap<GenericTypeHandler<std::string> >(
+                    MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(message2, field));
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+          MutableRaw<MapFieldBase>(message1, field)
+              ->Swap(MutableRaw<MapFieldBase>(message2, field));
+        } else {
+          MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(message1, field)
+              ->Swap<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >(
+                  MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(message2, field));
+        }
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unimplemented type: " << field->cpp_type();
+    }
+  } else {
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define SWAP_VALUES(CPPTYPE, TYPE)                 \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE:         \
+    std::swap(*MutableRaw<TYPE>(message1, field),  \
+              *MutableRaw<TYPE>(message2, field)); \
+    break;
+
+      SWAP_VALUES(INT32, int32);
+      SWAP_VALUES(INT64, int64);
+      SWAP_VALUES(UINT32, uint32);
+      SWAP_VALUES(UINT64, uint64);
+      SWAP_VALUES(FLOAT, float);
+      SWAP_VALUES(DOUBLE, double);
+      SWAP_VALUES(BOOL, bool);
+      SWAP_VALUES(ENUM, int);
+#undef SWAP_VALUES
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (GetArena(message1) == GetArena(message2)) {
+          std::swap(*MutableRaw<Message*>(message1, field),
+                    *MutableRaw<Message*>(message2, field));
+        } else {
+          Message** sub_msg1 = MutableRaw<Message*>(message1, field);
+          Message** sub_msg2 = MutableRaw<Message*>(message2, field);
+          if (*sub_msg1 == nullptr && *sub_msg2 == nullptr) break;
+          if (*sub_msg1 && *sub_msg2) {
+            (*sub_msg1)->GetReflection()->Swap(*sub_msg1, *sub_msg2);
+            break;
+          }
+          if (*sub_msg1 == nullptr) {
+            *sub_msg1 = (*sub_msg2)->New(message1->GetArena());
+            (*sub_msg1)->CopyFrom(**sub_msg2);
+            ClearField(message2, field);
+          } else {
+            *sub_msg2 = (*sub_msg1)->New(message2->GetArena());
+            (*sub_msg2)->CopyFrom(**sub_msg1);
+            ClearField(message1, field);
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+          default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+          case FieldOptions::STRING: {
+            Arena* arena1 = GetArena(message1);
+            Arena* arena2 = GetArena(message2);
+
+            if (IsInlined(field)) {
+              InlinedStringField* string1 =
+                  MutableRaw<InlinedStringField>(message1, field);
+              InlinedStringField* string2 =
+                  MutableRaw<InlinedStringField>(message2, field);
+              string1->Swap(string2);
+              break;
+            }
+
+            ArenaStringPtr* string1 =
+                MutableRaw<ArenaStringPtr>(message1, field);
+            ArenaStringPtr* string2 =
+                MutableRaw<ArenaStringPtr>(message2, field);
+            const std::string* default_ptr =
+                &DefaultRaw<ArenaStringPtr>(field).Get();
+            if (arena1 == arena2) {
+              string1->Swap(string2, default_ptr, arena1);
+            } else {
+              const std::string temp = string1->Get();
+              string1->Set(default_ptr, string2->Get(), arena1);
+              string2->Set(default_ptr, temp, arena2);
+            }
+          } break;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unimplemented type: " << field->cpp_type();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Reflection::SwapOneofField(Message* message1, Message* message2,
+                                const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const {
+  uint32 oneof_case1 = GetOneofCase(*message1, oneof_descriptor);
+  uint32 oneof_case2 = GetOneofCase(*message2, oneof_descriptor);
+
+  int32 temp_int32;
+  int64 temp_int64;
+  uint32 temp_uint32;
+  uint64 temp_uint64;
+  float temp_float;
+  double temp_double;
+  bool temp_bool;
+  int temp_int;
+  Message* temp_message = nullptr;
+  std::string temp_string;
+
+  // Stores message1's oneof field to a temp variable.
+  const FieldDescriptor* field1 = nullptr;
+  if (oneof_case1 > 0) {
+    field1 = descriptor_->FindFieldByNumber(oneof_case1);
+    // oneof_descriptor->field(oneof_case1);
+    switch (field1->cpp_type()) {
+#define GET_TEMP_VALUE(CPPTYPE, TYPE)                \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE:           \
+    temp_##TYPE = GetField<TYPE>(*message1, field1); \
+    break;
+
+      GET_TEMP_VALUE(INT32, int32);
+      GET_TEMP_VALUE(INT64, int64);
+      GET_TEMP_VALUE(UINT32, uint32);
+      GET_TEMP_VALUE(UINT64, uint64);
+      GET_TEMP_VALUE(FLOAT, float);
+      GET_TEMP_VALUE(DOUBLE, double);
+      GET_TEMP_VALUE(BOOL, bool);
+      GET_TEMP_VALUE(ENUM, int);
+#undef GET_TEMP_VALUE
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        temp_message = ReleaseMessage(message1, field1);
+        break;
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        temp_string = GetString(*message1, field1);
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unimplemented type: " << field1->cpp_type();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Sets message1's oneof field from the message2's oneof field.
+  if (oneof_case2 > 0) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field2 = descriptor_->FindFieldByNumber(oneof_case2);
+    switch (field2->cpp_type()) {
+#define SET_ONEOF_VALUE1(CPPTYPE, TYPE)                                  \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE:                               \
+    SetField<TYPE>(message1, field2, GetField<TYPE>(*message2, field2)); \
+    break;
+
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE1(INT32, int32);
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE1(INT64, int64);
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE1(UINT32, uint32);
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE1(UINT64, uint64);
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE1(FLOAT, float);
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE1(DOUBLE, double);
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE1(BOOL, bool);
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE1(ENUM, int);
+#undef SET_ONEOF_VALUE1
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        SetAllocatedMessage(message1, ReleaseMessage(message2, field2), field2);
+        break;
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        SetString(message1, field2, GetString(*message2, field2));
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unimplemented type: " << field2->cpp_type();
+    }
+  } else {
+    ClearOneof(message1, oneof_descriptor);
+  }
+
+  // Sets message2's oneof field from the temp variable.
+  if (oneof_case1 > 0) {
+    switch (field1->cpp_type()) {
+#define SET_ONEOF_VALUE2(CPPTYPE, TYPE)            \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE:         \
+    SetField<TYPE>(message2, field1, temp_##TYPE); \
+    break;
+
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE2(INT32, int32);
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE2(INT64, int64);
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE2(UINT32, uint32);
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE2(UINT64, uint64);
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE2(FLOAT, float);
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE2(DOUBLE, double);
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE2(BOOL, bool);
+      SET_ONEOF_VALUE2(ENUM, int);
+#undef SET_ONEOF_VALUE2
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        SetAllocatedMessage(message2, temp_message, field1);
+        break;
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        SetString(message2, field1, temp_string);
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unimplemented type: " << field1->cpp_type();
+    }
+  } else {
+    ClearOneof(message2, oneof_descriptor);
+  }
+}
+
+void Reflection::Swap(Message* message1, Message* message2) const {
+  if (message1 == message2) return;
+
+  // TODO(kenton):  Other Reflection methods should probably check this too.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(message1->GetReflection(), this)
+      << "First argument to Swap() (of type \""
+      << message1->GetDescriptor()->full_name()
+      << "\") is not compatible with this reflection object (which is for type "
+         "\""
+      << descriptor_->full_name()
+      << "\").  Note that the exact same class is required; not just the same "
+         "descriptor.";
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(message2->GetReflection(), this)
+      << "Second argument to Swap() (of type \""
+      << message2->GetDescriptor()->full_name()
+      << "\") is not compatible with this reflection object (which is for type "
+         "\""
+      << descriptor_->full_name()
+      << "\").  Note that the exact same class is required; not just the same "
+         "descriptor.";
+
+  // Check that both messages are in the same arena (or both on the heap). We
+  // need to copy all data if not, due to ownership semantics.
+  if (GetArena(message1) != GetArena(message2)) {
+    // Slow copy path.
+    // Use our arena as temp space, if available.
+    Message* temp = message1->New(GetArena(message1));
+    temp->MergeFrom(*message2);
+    message2->CopyFrom(*message1);
+    Swap(message1, temp);
+    if (GetArena(message1) == nullptr) {
+      delete temp;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (schema_.HasHasbits()) {
+    uint32* has_bits1 = MutableHasBits(message1);
+    uint32* has_bits2 = MutableHasBits(message2);
+
+    int fields_with_has_bits = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+      if (field->is_repeated() || field->containing_oneof()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      fields_with_has_bits++;
+    }
+
+    int has_bits_size = (fields_with_has_bits + 31) / 32;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < has_bits_size; i++) {
+      std::swap(has_bits1[i], has_bits2[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i <= last_non_weak_field_index_; i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    if (field->containing_oneof()) continue;
+    SwapField(message1, message2, field);
+  }
+  const int oneof_decl_count = descriptor_->oneof_decl_count();
+  for (int i = 0; i < oneof_decl_count; i++) {
+    SwapOneofField(message1, message2, descriptor_->oneof_decl(i));
+  }
+
+  if (schema_.HasExtensionSet()) {
+    MutableExtensionSet(message1)->Swap(MutableExtensionSet(message2));
+  }
+
+  MutableUnknownFields(message1)->Swap(MutableUnknownFields(message2));
+}
+
+void Reflection::SwapFields(
+    Message* message1, Message* message2,
+    const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields) const {
+  if (message1 == message2) return;
+
+  // TODO(kenton):  Other Reflection methods should probably check this too.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(message1->GetReflection(), this)
+      << "First argument to SwapFields() (of type \""
+      << message1->GetDescriptor()->full_name()
+      << "\") is not compatible with this reflection object (which is for type "
+         "\""
+      << descriptor_->full_name()
+      << "\").  Note that the exact same class is required; not just the same "
+         "descriptor.";
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(message2->GetReflection(), this)
+      << "Second argument to SwapFields() (of type \""
+      << message2->GetDescriptor()->full_name()
+      << "\") is not compatible with this reflection object (which is for type "
+         "\""
+      << descriptor_->full_name()
+      << "\").  Note that the exact same class is required; not just the same "
+         "descriptor.";
+
+  std::set<int> swapped_oneof;
+
+  const int fields_size = static_cast<int>(fields.size());
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields_size; i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
+    if (field->is_extension()) {
+      MutableExtensionSet(message1)->SwapExtension(
+          MutableExtensionSet(message2), field->number());
+    } else {
+      if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+        int oneof_index = field->containing_oneof()->index();
+        // Only swap the oneof field once.
+        if (swapped_oneof.find(oneof_index) != swapped_oneof.end()) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        swapped_oneof.insert(oneof_index);
+        SwapOneofField(message1, message2, field->containing_oneof());
+      } else {
+        // Swap has bit for non-repeated fields.  We have already checked for
+        // oneof already.
+        if (!field->is_repeated()) {
+          SwapBit(message1, message2, field);
+        }
+        // Swap field.
+        SwapField(message1, message2, field);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool Reflection::HasField(const Message& message,
+                          const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_MESSAGE_TYPE(HasField);
+  USAGE_CHECK_SINGULAR(HasField);
+
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return GetExtensionSet(message).Has(field->number());
+  } else {
+    if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      return HasOneofField(message, field);
+    } else {
+      return HasBit(message, field);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+int Reflection::FieldSize(const Message& message,
+                          const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_MESSAGE_TYPE(FieldSize);
+  USAGE_CHECK_REPEATED(FieldSize);
+
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return GetExtensionSet(message).ExtensionSize(field->number());
+  } else {
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE)    \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE: \
+    return GetRaw<RepeatedField<LOWERCASE> >(message, field).size()
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, int);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+          const internal::MapFieldBase& map =
+              GetRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field);
+          if (map.IsRepeatedFieldValid()) {
+            return map.GetRepeatedField().size();
+          } else {
+            // No need to materialize the repeated field if it is out of sync:
+            // its size will be the same as the map's size.
+            return map.size();
+          }
+        } else {
+          return GetRaw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(message, field).size();
+        }
+    }
+
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+void Reflection::ClearField(Message* message,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_MESSAGE_TYPE(ClearField);
+
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    MutableExtensionSet(message)->ClearExtension(field->number());
+  } else if (!field->is_repeated()) {
+    if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      ClearOneofField(message, field);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (HasBit(*message, field)) {
+      ClearBit(message, field);
+
+      // We need to set the field back to its default value.
+      switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define CLEAR_TYPE(CPPTYPE, TYPE)                                      \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE:                             \
+    *MutableRaw<TYPE>(message, field) = field->default_value_##TYPE(); \
+    break;
+
+        CLEAR_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+        CLEAR_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+        CLEAR_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+        CLEAR_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+        CLEAR_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+        CLEAR_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+        CLEAR_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+#undef CLEAR_TYPE
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+          *MutableRaw<int>(message, field) =
+              field->default_value_enum()->number();
+          break;
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+          switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+            default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+            case FieldOptions::STRING: {
+              if (IsInlined(field)) {
+                const std::string* default_ptr =
+                    &DefaultRaw<InlinedStringField>(field).GetNoArena();
+                MutableRaw<InlinedStringField>(message, field)
+                    ->SetNoArena(default_ptr, *default_ptr);
+                break;
+              }
+
+              const std::string* default_ptr =
+                  &DefaultRaw<ArenaStringPtr>(field).Get();
+              MutableRaw<ArenaStringPtr>(message, field)
+                  ->SetAllocated(default_ptr, nullptr, GetArena(message));
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+          if (!schema_.HasHasbits()) {
+            // Proto3 does not have has-bits and we need to set a message field
+            // to nullptr in order to indicate its un-presence.
+            if (GetArena(message) == nullptr) {
+              delete *MutableRaw<Message*>(message, field);
+            }
+            *MutableRaw<Message*>(message, field) = nullptr;
+          } else {
+            (*MutableRaw<Message*>(message, field))->Clear();
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE)                           \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE:                        \
+    MutableRaw<RepeatedField<LOWERCASE> >(message, field)->Clear(); \
+    break
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, int);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+        switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+          default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+          case FieldOptions::STRING:
+            MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrField<std::string> >(message, field)->Clear();
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+          MutableRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field)->Clear();
+        } else {
+          // We don't know which subclass of RepeatedPtrFieldBase the type is,
+          // so we use RepeatedPtrFieldBase directly.
+          MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(message, field)
+              ->Clear<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >();
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Reflection::RemoveLast(Message* message,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_MESSAGE_TYPE(RemoveLast);
+  USAGE_CHECK_REPEATED(RemoveLast);
+
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    MutableExtensionSet(message)->RemoveLast(field->number());
+  } else {
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE)                                \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE:                             \
+    MutableRaw<RepeatedField<LOWERCASE> >(message, field)->RemoveLast(); \
+    break
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, int);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+          default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+          case FieldOptions::STRING:
+            MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrField<std::string> >(message, field)
+                ->RemoveLast();
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+          MutableRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field)
+              ->MutableRepeatedField()
+              ->RemoveLast<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >();
+        } else {
+          MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(message, field)
+              ->RemoveLast<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >();
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Message* Reflection::ReleaseLast(Message* message,
+                                 const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(ReleaseLast, REPEATED, MESSAGE);
+
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return static_cast<Message*>(
+        MutableExtensionSet(message)->ReleaseLast(field->number()));
+  } else {
+    if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+      return MutableRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field)
+          ->MutableRepeatedField()
+          ->ReleaseLast<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >();
+    } else {
+      return MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(message, field)
+          ->ReleaseLast<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Reflection::SwapElements(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                              int index1, int index2) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_MESSAGE_TYPE(Swap);
+  USAGE_CHECK_REPEATED(Swap);
+
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    MutableExtensionSet(message)->SwapElements(field->number(), index1, index2);
+  } else {
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, LOWERCASE)                 \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE:              \
+    MutableRaw<RepeatedField<LOWERCASE> >(message, field) \
+        ->SwapElements(index1, index2);                   \
+    break
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, int);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+          MutableRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field)
+              ->MutableRepeatedField()
+              ->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+        } else {
+          MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(message, field)
+              ->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Comparison functor for sorting FieldDescriptors by field number.
+struct FieldNumberSorter {
+  bool operator()(const FieldDescriptor* left,
+                  const FieldDescriptor* right) const {
+    return left->number() < right->number();
+  }
+};
+
+bool IsIndexInHasBitSet(const uint32* has_bit_set, uint32 has_bit_index) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(has_bit_index, ~0u);
+  return ((has_bit_set[has_bit_index / 32] >> (has_bit_index % 32)) &
+          static_cast<uint32>(1)) != 0;
+}
+
+bool CreateUnknownEnumValues(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  return file->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+void Reflection::ListFields(const Message& message,
+                            std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* output) const {
+  output->clear();
+
+  // Optimization:  The default instance never has any fields set.
+  if (schema_.IsDefaultInstance(message)) return;
+
+  // Optimization: Avoid calling GetHasBits() and HasOneofField() many times
+  // within the field loop.  We allow this violation of ReflectionSchema
+  // encapsulation because this function takes a noticable about of CPU
+  // fleetwide and properly allowing this optimization through public interfaces
+  // seems more trouble than it is worth.
+  const uint32* const has_bits =
+      schema_.HasHasbits() ? GetHasBits(message) : nullptr;
+  const uint32* const has_bits_indices = schema_.has_bit_indices_;
+  output->reserve(descriptor_->field_count());
+  for (int i = 0; i <= last_non_weak_field_index_; i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      if (FieldSize(message, field) > 0) {
+        output->push_back(field);
+      }
+    } else {
+      const OneofDescriptor* containing_oneof = field->containing_oneof();
+      if (containing_oneof) {
+        const uint32* const oneof_case_array = GetConstPointerAtOffset<uint32>(
+            &message, schema_.oneof_case_offset_);
+        // Equivalent to: HasOneofField(message, field)
+        if (oneof_case_array[containing_oneof->index()] == field->number()) {
+          output->push_back(field);
+        }
+      } else if (has_bits) {
+        // Equivalent to: HasBit(message, field)
+        if (IsIndexInHasBitSet(has_bits, has_bits_indices[i])) {
+          output->push_back(field);
+        }
+      } else if (HasBit(message, field)) {  // Fall back on proto3-style HasBit.
+        output->push_back(field);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (schema_.HasExtensionSet()) {
+    GetExtensionSet(message).AppendToList(descriptor_, descriptor_pool_,
+                                          output);
+  }
+
+  // ListFields() must sort output by field number.
+  std::sort(output->begin(), output->end(), FieldNumberSorter());
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#undef DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS
+#define DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(TYPENAME, TYPE, PASSTYPE, CPPTYPE)          \
+  PASSTYPE Reflection::Get##TYPENAME(const Message& message,                   \
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* field) const {     \
+    USAGE_CHECK_ALL(Get##TYPENAME, SINGULAR, CPPTYPE);                         \
+    if (field->is_extension()) {                                               \
+      return GetExtensionSet(message).Get##TYPENAME(                           \
+          field->number(), field->default_value_##PASSTYPE());                 \
+    } else {                                                                   \
+      return GetField<TYPE>(message, field);                                   \
+    }                                                                          \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  void Reflection::Set##TYPENAME(                                              \
+      Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field, PASSTYPE value) const {  \
+    USAGE_CHECK_ALL(Set##TYPENAME, SINGULAR, CPPTYPE);                         \
+    if (field->is_extension()) {                                               \
+      return MutableExtensionSet(message)->Set##TYPENAME(                      \
+          field->number(), field->type(), value, field);                       \
+    } else {                                                                   \
+      SetField<TYPE>(message, field, value);                                   \
+    }                                                                          \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  PASSTYPE Reflection::GetRepeated##TYPENAME(                                  \
+      const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field, int index) const { \
+    USAGE_CHECK_ALL(GetRepeated##TYPENAME, REPEATED, CPPTYPE);                 \
+    if (field->is_extension()) {                                               \
+      return GetExtensionSet(message).GetRepeated##TYPENAME(field->number(),   \
+                                                            index);            \
+    } else {                                                                   \
+      return GetRepeatedField<TYPE>(message, field, index);                    \
+    }                                                                          \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  void Reflection::SetRepeated##TYPENAME(Message* message,                     \
+                                         const FieldDescriptor* field,         \
+                                         int index, PASSTYPE value) const {    \
+    USAGE_CHECK_ALL(SetRepeated##TYPENAME, REPEATED, CPPTYPE);                 \
+    if (field->is_extension()) {                                               \
+      MutableExtensionSet(message)->SetRepeated##TYPENAME(field->number(),     \
+                                                          index, value);       \
+    } else {                                                                   \
+      SetRepeatedField<TYPE>(message, field, index, value);                    \
+    }                                                                          \
+  }                                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+  void Reflection::Add##TYPENAME(                                              \
+      Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field, PASSTYPE value) const {  \
+    USAGE_CHECK_ALL(Add##TYPENAME, REPEATED, CPPTYPE);                         \
+    if (field->is_extension()) {                                               \
+      MutableExtensionSet(message)->Add##TYPENAME(                             \
+          field->number(), field->type(), field->options().packed(), value,    \
+          field);                                                              \
+    } else {                                                                   \
+      AddField<TYPE>(message, field, value);                                   \
+    }                                                                          \
+  }
+
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(Int32, int32, int32, INT32)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(Int64, int64, int64, INT64)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(UInt32, uint32, uint32, UINT32)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(UInt64, uint64, uint64, UINT64)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(Float, float, float, FLOAT)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(Double, double, double, DOUBLE)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS(Bool, bool, bool, BOOL)
+#undef DEFINE_PRIMITIVE_ACCESSORS
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+std::string Reflection::GetString(const Message& message,
+                                  const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(GetString, SINGULAR, STRING);
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return GetExtensionSet(message).GetString(field->number(),
+                                              field->default_value_string());
+  } else {
+    switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+      default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+      case FieldOptions::STRING: {
+        if (IsInlined(field)) {
+          return GetField<InlinedStringField>(message, field).GetNoArena();
+        }
+
+        return GetField<ArenaStringPtr>(message, field).Get();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const std::string& Reflection::GetStringReference(const Message& message,
+                                                  const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                                  std::string* scratch) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(GetStringReference, SINGULAR, STRING);
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return GetExtensionSet(message).GetString(field->number(),
+                                              field->default_value_string());
+  } else {
+    switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+      default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+      case FieldOptions::STRING: {
+        if (IsInlined(field)) {
+          return GetField<InlinedStringField>(message, field).GetNoArena();
+        }
+
+        return GetField<ArenaStringPtr>(message, field).Get();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void Reflection::SetString(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                           std::string value) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(SetString, SINGULAR, STRING);
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return MutableExtensionSet(message)->SetString(
+        field->number(), field->type(), std::move(value), field);
+  } else {
+    switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+      default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+      case FieldOptions::STRING: {
+        if (IsInlined(field)) {
+          MutableField<InlinedStringField>(message, field)
+              ->SetNoArena(nullptr, std::move(value));
+          break;
+        }
+
+        const std::string* default_ptr =
+            &DefaultRaw<ArenaStringPtr>(field).Get();
+        if (field->containing_oneof() && !HasOneofField(*message, field)) {
+          ClearOneof(message, field->containing_oneof());
+          MutableField<ArenaStringPtr>(message, field)
+              ->UnsafeSetDefault(default_ptr);
+        }
+        MutableField<ArenaStringPtr>(message, field)
+            ->Mutable(default_ptr, GetArena(message))
+            ->assign(std::move(value));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+std::string Reflection::GetRepeatedString(const Message& message,
+                                          const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                          int index) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(GetRepeatedString, REPEATED, STRING);
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return GetExtensionSet(message).GetRepeatedString(field->number(), index);
+  } else {
+    switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+      default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+      case FieldOptions::STRING:
+        return GetRepeatedPtrField<std::string>(message, field, index);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const std::string& Reflection::GetRepeatedStringReference(
+    const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,
+    std::string* scratch) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(GetRepeatedStringReference, REPEATED, STRING);
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return GetExtensionSet(message).GetRepeatedString(field->number(), index);
+  } else {
+    switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+      default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+      case FieldOptions::STRING:
+        return GetRepeatedPtrField<std::string>(message, field, index);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void Reflection::SetRepeatedString(Message* message,
+                                   const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,
+                                   std::string value) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(SetRepeatedString, REPEATED, STRING);
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    MutableExtensionSet(message)->SetRepeatedString(field->number(), index,
+                                                    std::move(value));
+  } else {
+    switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+      default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+      case FieldOptions::STRING:
+        MutableRepeatedField<std::string>(message, field, index)
+            ->assign(std::move(value));
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void Reflection::AddString(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                           std::string value) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(AddString, REPEATED, STRING);
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    MutableExtensionSet(message)->AddString(field->number(), field->type(),
+                                            std::move(value), field);
+  } else {
+    switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+      default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+      case FieldOptions::STRING:
+        AddField<std::string>(message, field)->assign(std::move(value));
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const EnumValueDescriptor* Reflection::GetEnum(
+    const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  // Usage checked by GetEnumValue.
+  int value = GetEnumValue(message, field);
+  return field->enum_type()->FindValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(value);
+}
+
+int Reflection::GetEnumValue(const Message& message,
+                             const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(GetEnumValue, SINGULAR, ENUM);
+
+  int32 value;
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    value = GetExtensionSet(message).GetEnum(
+        field->number(), field->default_value_enum()->number());
+  } else {
+    value = GetField<int>(message, field);
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+void Reflection::SetEnum(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                         const EnumValueDescriptor* value) const {
+  // Usage checked by SetEnumValue.
+  USAGE_CHECK_ENUM_VALUE(SetEnum);
+  SetEnumValueInternal(message, field, value->number());
+}
+
+void Reflection::SetEnumValue(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                              int value) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(SetEnumValue, SINGULAR, ENUM);
+  if (!CreateUnknownEnumValues(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Check that the value is valid if we don't support direct storage of
+    // unknown enum values.
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value_desc =
+        field->enum_type()->FindValueByNumber(value);
+    if (value_desc == nullptr) {
+      MutableUnknownFields(message)->AddVarint(field->number(), value);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  SetEnumValueInternal(message, field, value);
+}
+
+void Reflection::SetEnumValueInternal(Message* message,
+                                      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                      int value) const {
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    MutableExtensionSet(message)->SetEnum(field->number(), field->type(), value,
+                                          field);
+  } else {
+    SetField<int>(message, field, value);
+  }
+}
+
+const EnumValueDescriptor* Reflection::GetRepeatedEnum(
+    const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field, int index) const {
+  // Usage checked by GetRepeatedEnumValue.
+  int value = GetRepeatedEnumValue(message, field, index);
+  return field->enum_type()->FindValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(value);
+}
+
+int Reflection::GetRepeatedEnumValue(const Message& message,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                     int index) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(GetRepeatedEnumValue, REPEATED, ENUM);
+
+  int value;
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    value = GetExtensionSet(message).GetRepeatedEnum(field->number(), index);
+  } else {
+    value = GetRepeatedField<int>(message, field, index);
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+void Reflection::SetRepeatedEnum(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                 int index,
+                                 const EnumValueDescriptor* value) const {
+  // Usage checked by SetRepeatedEnumValue.
+  USAGE_CHECK_ENUM_VALUE(SetRepeatedEnum);
+  SetRepeatedEnumValueInternal(message, field, index, value->number());
+}
+
+void Reflection::SetRepeatedEnumValue(Message* message,
+                                      const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,
+                                      int value) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(SetRepeatedEnum, REPEATED, ENUM);
+  if (!CreateUnknownEnumValues(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Check that the value is valid if we don't support direct storage of
+    // unknown enum values.
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value_desc =
+        field->enum_type()->FindValueByNumber(value);
+    if (value_desc == nullptr) {
+      MutableUnknownFields(message)->AddVarint(field->number(), value);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  SetRepeatedEnumValueInternal(message, field, index, value);
+}
+
+void Reflection::SetRepeatedEnumValueInternal(Message* message,
+                                              const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              int index, int value) const {
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    MutableExtensionSet(message)->SetRepeatedEnum(field->number(), index,
+                                                  value);
+  } else {
+    SetRepeatedField<int>(message, field, index, value);
+  }
+}
+
+void Reflection::AddEnum(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                         const EnumValueDescriptor* value) const {
+  // Usage checked by AddEnumValue.
+  USAGE_CHECK_ENUM_VALUE(AddEnum);
+  AddEnumValueInternal(message, field, value->number());
+}
+
+void Reflection::AddEnumValue(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                              int value) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(AddEnum, REPEATED, ENUM);
+  if (!CreateUnknownEnumValues(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Check that the value is valid if we don't support direct storage of
+    // unknown enum values.
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value_desc =
+        field->enum_type()->FindValueByNumber(value);
+    if (value_desc == nullptr) {
+      MutableUnknownFields(message)->AddVarint(field->number(), value);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  AddEnumValueInternal(message, field, value);
+}
+
+void Reflection::AddEnumValueInternal(Message* message,
+                                      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                      int value) const {
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    MutableExtensionSet(message)->AddEnum(field->number(), field->type(),
+                                          field->options().packed(), value,
+                                          field);
+  } else {
+    AddField<int>(message, field, value);
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const Message& Reflection::GetMessage(const Message& message,
+                                      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                      MessageFactory* factory) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(GetMessage, SINGULAR, MESSAGE);
+
+  if (factory == nullptr) factory = message_factory_;
+
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return static_cast<const Message&>(GetExtensionSet(message).GetMessage(
+        field->number(), field->message_type(), factory));
+  } else {
+    const Message* result = GetRaw<const Message*>(message, field);
+    if (result == nullptr) {
+      result = DefaultRaw<const Message*>(field);
+    }
+    return *result;
+  }
+}
+
+Message* Reflection::MutableMessage(Message* message,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    MessageFactory* factory) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(MutableMessage, SINGULAR, MESSAGE);
+
+  if (factory == nullptr) factory = message_factory_;
+
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return static_cast<Message*>(
+        MutableExtensionSet(message)->MutableMessage(field, factory));
+  } else {
+    Message* result;
+
+    Message** result_holder = MutableRaw<Message*>(message, field);
+
+    if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      if (!HasOneofField(*message, field)) {
+        ClearOneof(message, field->containing_oneof());
+        result_holder = MutableField<Message*>(message, field);
+        const Message* default_message = DefaultRaw<const Message*>(field);
+        *result_holder = default_message->New(message->GetArena());
+      }
+    } else {
+      SetBit(message, field);
+    }
+
+    if (*result_holder == nullptr) {
+      const Message* default_message = DefaultRaw<const Message*>(field);
+      *result_holder = default_message->New(message->GetArena());
+    }
+    result = *result_holder;
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+void Reflection::UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(
+    Message* message, Message* sub_message,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(SetAllocatedMessage, SINGULAR, MESSAGE);
+
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    MutableExtensionSet(message)->UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(
+        field->number(), field->type(), field, sub_message);
+  } else {
+    if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      if (sub_message == nullptr) {
+        ClearOneof(message, field->containing_oneof());
+        return;
+      }
+        ClearOneof(message, field->containing_oneof());
+        *MutableRaw<Message*>(message, field) = sub_message;
+      SetOneofCase(message, field);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (sub_message == nullptr) {
+      ClearBit(message, field);
+    } else {
+      SetBit(message, field);
+    }
+    Message** sub_message_holder = MutableRaw<Message*>(message, field);
+    if (GetArena(message) == nullptr) {
+      delete *sub_message_holder;
+    }
+    *sub_message_holder = sub_message;
+  }
+}
+
+void Reflection::SetAllocatedMessage(Message* message, Message* sub_message,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  // If message and sub-message are in different memory ownership domains
+  // (different arenas, or one is on heap and one is not), then we may need to
+  // do a copy.
+  if (sub_message != nullptr &&
+      sub_message->GetArena() != message->GetArena()) {
+    if (sub_message->GetArena() == nullptr && message->GetArena() != nullptr) {
+      // Case 1: parent is on an arena and child is heap-allocated. We can add
+      // the child to the arena's Own() list to free on arena destruction, then
+      // set our pointer.
+      message->GetArena()->Own(sub_message);
+      UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(message, sub_message, field);
+    } else {
+      // Case 2: all other cases. We need to make a copy. MutableMessage() will
+      // either get the existing message object, or instantiate a new one as
+      // appropriate w.r.t. our arena.
+      Message* sub_message_copy = MutableMessage(message, field);
+      sub_message_copy->CopyFrom(*sub_message);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Same memory ownership domains.
+    UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(message, sub_message, field);
+  }
+}
+
+Message* Reflection::UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(Message* message,
+                                               const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                               MessageFactory* factory) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(ReleaseMessage, SINGULAR, MESSAGE);
+
+  if (factory == nullptr) factory = message_factory_;
+
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return static_cast<Message*>(
+        MutableExtensionSet(message)->UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(field,
+                                                                factory));
+  } else {
+    if (!(field->is_repeated() || field->containing_oneof())) {
+      ClearBit(message, field);
+    }
+    if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      if (HasOneofField(*message, field)) {
+        *MutableOneofCase(message, field->containing_oneof()) = 0;
+      } else {
+        return nullptr;
+      }
+    }
+    Message** result = MutableRaw<Message*>(message, field);
+    Message* ret = *result;
+    *result = nullptr;
+    return ret;
+  }
+}
+
+Message* Reflection::ReleaseMessage(Message* message,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    MessageFactory* factory) const {
+  Message* released = UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(message, field, factory);
+  if (GetArena(message) != nullptr && released != nullptr) {
+    Message* copy_from_arena = released->New();
+    copy_from_arena->CopyFrom(*released);
+    released = copy_from_arena;
+  }
+  return released;
+}
+
+const Message& Reflection::GetRepeatedMessage(const Message& message,
+                                              const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              int index) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(GetRepeatedMessage, REPEATED, MESSAGE);
+
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return static_cast<const Message&>(
+        GetExtensionSet(message).GetRepeatedMessage(field->number(), index));
+  } else {
+    if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+      return GetRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field)
+          .GetRepeatedField()
+          .Get<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >(index);
+    } else {
+      return GetRaw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(message, field)
+          .Get<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >(index);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Message* Reflection::MutableRepeatedMessage(Message* message,
+                                            const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                            int index) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(MutableRepeatedMessage, REPEATED, MESSAGE);
+
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return static_cast<Message*>(
+        MutableExtensionSet(message)->MutableRepeatedMessage(field->number(),
+                                                             index));
+  } else {
+    if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+      return MutableRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field)
+          ->MutableRepeatedField()
+          ->Mutable<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >(index);
+    } else {
+      return MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(message, field)
+          ->Mutable<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >(index);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Message* Reflection::AddMessage(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                MessageFactory* factory) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(AddMessage, REPEATED, MESSAGE);
+
+  if (factory == nullptr) factory = message_factory_;
+
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return static_cast<Message*>(
+        MutableExtensionSet(message)->AddMessage(field, factory));
+  } else {
+    Message* result = nullptr;
+
+    // We can't use AddField<Message>() because RepeatedPtrFieldBase doesn't
+    // know how to allocate one.
+    RepeatedPtrFieldBase* repeated = nullptr;
+    if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+      repeated =
+          MutableRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field)->MutableRepeatedField();
+    } else {
+      repeated = MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(message, field);
+    }
+    result = repeated->AddFromCleared<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >();
+    if (result == nullptr) {
+      // We must allocate a new object.
+      const Message* prototype;
+      if (repeated->size() == 0) {
+        prototype = factory->GetPrototype(field->message_type());
+      } else {
+        prototype = &repeated->Get<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >(0);
+      }
+      result = prototype->New(message->GetArena());
+      // We can guarantee here that repeated and result are either both heap
+      // allocated or arena owned. So it is safe to call the unsafe version
+      // of AddAllocated.
+      repeated->UnsafeArenaAddAllocated<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >(result);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+void Reflection::AddAllocatedMessage(Message* message,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                     Message* new_entry) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(AddAllocatedMessage, REPEATED, MESSAGE);
+
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    MutableExtensionSet(message)->AddAllocatedMessage(field, new_entry);
+  } else {
+    RepeatedPtrFieldBase* repeated = nullptr;
+    if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+      repeated =
+          MutableRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field)->MutableRepeatedField();
+    } else {
+      repeated = MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(message, field);
+    }
+    repeated->AddAllocated<GenericTypeHandler<Message> >(new_entry);
+  }
+}
+
+void* Reflection::MutableRawRepeatedField(Message* message,
+                                          const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                          FieldDescriptor::CppType cpptype,
+                                          int ctype,
+                                          const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_REPEATED("MutableRawRepeatedField");
+  if (field->cpp_type() != cpptype &&
+      (field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM ||
+       cpptype != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32))
+    ReportReflectionUsageTypeError(descriptor_, field,
+                                   "MutableRawRepeatedField", cpptype);
+  if (desc != nullptr)
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(field->message_type(), desc) << "wrong submessage type";
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return MutableExtensionSet(message)->MutableRawRepeatedField(
+        field->number(), field->type(), field->is_packed(), field);
+  } else {
+    // Trigger transform for MapField
+    if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+      return MutableRawNonOneof<MapFieldBase>(message, field)
+          ->MutableRepeatedField();
+    }
+    return MutableRawNonOneof<void>(message, field);
+  }
+}
+
+const void* Reflection::GetRawRepeatedField(const Message& message,
+                                            const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                            FieldDescriptor::CppType cpptype,
+                                            int ctype,
+                                            const Descriptor* desc) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_REPEATED("GetRawRepeatedField");
+  if (field->cpp_type() != cpptype)
+    ReportReflectionUsageTypeError(descriptor_, field, "GetRawRepeatedField",
+                                   cpptype);
+  if (ctype >= 0)
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(field->options().ctype(), ctype) << "subtype mismatch";
+  if (desc != nullptr)
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(field->message_type(), desc) << "wrong submessage type";
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    // Should use extension_set::GetRawRepeatedField. However, the required
+    // parameter "default repeated value" is not very easy to get here.
+    // Map is not supported in extensions, it is acceptable to use
+    // extension_set::MutableRawRepeatedField which does not change the message.
+    return MutableExtensionSet(const_cast<Message*>(&message))
+        ->MutableRawRepeatedField(field->number(), field->type(),
+                                  field->is_packed(), field);
+  } else {
+    // Trigger transform for MapField
+    if (IsMapFieldInApi(field)) {
+      return &(GetRawNonOneof<MapFieldBase>(message, field).GetRepeatedField());
+    }
+    return &GetRawNonOneof<char>(message, field);
+  }
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* Reflection::GetOneofFieldDescriptor(
+    const Message& message, const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const {
+  uint32 field_number = GetOneofCase(message, oneof_descriptor);
+  if (field_number == 0) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return descriptor_->FindFieldByNumber(field_number);
+}
+
+bool Reflection::ContainsMapKey(const Message& message,
+                                const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                const MapKey& key) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK(IsMapFieldInApi(field), "LookupMapValue",
+              "Field is not a map field.");
+  return GetRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field).ContainsMapKey(key);
+}
+
+bool Reflection::InsertOrLookupMapValue(Message* message,
+                                        const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                        const MapKey& key,
+                                        MapValueRef* val) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK(IsMapFieldInApi(field), "InsertOrLookupMapValue",
+              "Field is not a map field.");
+  val->SetType(field->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value")->cpp_type());
+  return MutableRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field)
+      ->InsertOrLookupMapValue(key, val);
+}
+
+bool Reflection::DeleteMapValue(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                const MapKey& key) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK(IsMapFieldInApi(field), "DeleteMapValue",
+              "Field is not a map field.");
+  return MutableRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field)->DeleteMapValue(key);
+}
+
+MapIterator Reflection::MapBegin(Message* message,
+                                 const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK(IsMapFieldInApi(field), "MapBegin", "Field is not a map field.");
+  MapIterator iter(message, field);
+  GetRaw<MapFieldBase>(*message, field).MapBegin(&iter);
+  return iter;
+}
+
+MapIterator Reflection::MapEnd(Message* message,
+                               const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK(IsMapFieldInApi(field), "MapEnd", "Field is not a map field.");
+  MapIterator iter(message, field);
+  GetRaw<MapFieldBase>(*message, field).MapEnd(&iter);
+  return iter;
+}
+
+int Reflection::MapSize(const Message& message,
+                        const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK(IsMapFieldInApi(field), "MapSize", "Field is not a map field.");
+  return GetRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field).size();
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const FieldDescriptor* Reflection::FindKnownExtensionByName(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  if (!schema_.HasExtensionSet()) return nullptr;
+  return descriptor_pool_->FindExtensionByPrintableName(descriptor_, name);
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* Reflection::FindKnownExtensionByNumber(
+    int number) const {
+  if (!schema_.HasExtensionSet()) return nullptr;
+  return descriptor_pool_->FindExtensionByNumber(descriptor_, number);
+}
+
+bool Reflection::SupportsUnknownEnumValues() const {
+  return CreateUnknownEnumValues(descriptor_->file());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Some private helpers.
+
+// These simple template accessors obtain pointers (or references) to
+// the given field.
+
+template <class Type>
+const Type& Reflection::GetRawNonOneof(const Message& message,
+                                       const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return GetConstRefAtOffset<Type>(message,
+                                   schema_.GetFieldOffsetNonOneof(field));
+}
+
+template <class Type>
+Type* Reflection::MutableRawNonOneof(Message* message,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return GetPointerAtOffset<Type>(message,
+                                  schema_.GetFieldOffsetNonOneof(field));
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+const Type& Reflection::GetRaw(const Message& message,
+                               const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  if (field->containing_oneof() && !HasOneofField(message, field)) {
+    return DefaultRaw<Type>(field);
+  }
+  return GetConstRefAtOffset<Type>(message, schema_.GetFieldOffset(field));
+}
+
+bool Reflection::IsInlined(const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return schema_.IsFieldInlined(field);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+Type* Reflection::MutableRaw(Message* message,
+                             const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return GetPointerAtOffset<Type>(message, schema_.GetFieldOffset(field));
+}
+
+const uint32* Reflection::GetHasBits(const Message& message) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(schema_.HasHasbits());
+  return &GetConstRefAtOffset<uint32>(message, schema_.HasBitsOffset());
+}
+
+uint32* Reflection::MutableHasBits(Message* message) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(schema_.HasHasbits());
+  return GetPointerAtOffset<uint32>(message, schema_.HasBitsOffset());
+}
+
+uint32 Reflection::GetOneofCase(const Message& message,
+                                const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const {
+  return GetConstRefAtOffset<uint32>(
+      message, schema_.GetOneofCaseOffset(oneof_descriptor));
+}
+
+uint32* Reflection::MutableOneofCase(
+    Message* message, const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const {
+  return GetPointerAtOffset<uint32>(
+      message, schema_.GetOneofCaseOffset(oneof_descriptor));
+}
+
+const ExtensionSet& Reflection::GetExtensionSet(const Message& message) const {
+  return GetConstRefAtOffset<ExtensionSet>(message,
+                                           schema_.GetExtensionSetOffset());
+}
+
+ExtensionSet* Reflection::MutableExtensionSet(Message* message) const {
+  return GetPointerAtOffset<ExtensionSet>(message,
+                                          schema_.GetExtensionSetOffset());
+}
+
+Arena* Reflection::GetArena(Message* message) const {
+  return GetInternalMetadataWithArena(*message).arena();
+}
+
+const InternalMetadataWithArena& Reflection::GetInternalMetadataWithArena(
+    const Message& message) const {
+  return GetConstRefAtOffset<InternalMetadataWithArena>(
+      message, schema_.GetMetadataOffset());
+}
+
+InternalMetadataWithArena* Reflection::MutableInternalMetadataWithArena(
+    Message* message) const {
+  return GetPointerAtOffset<InternalMetadataWithArena>(
+      message, schema_.GetMetadataOffset());
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+const Type& Reflection::DefaultRaw(const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return *reinterpret_cast<const Type*>(schema_.GetFieldDefault(field));
+}
+
+// Simple accessors for manipulating has_bits_.
+bool Reflection::HasBit(const Message& message,
+                        const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!field->options().weak());
+  if (schema_.HasHasbits()) {
+    return IsIndexInHasBitSet(GetHasBits(message), schema_.HasBitIndex(field));
+  }
+
+  // proto3: no has-bits. All fields present except messages, which are
+  // present only if their message-field pointer is non-null.
+  if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return !schema_.IsDefaultInstance(message) &&
+           GetRaw<const Message*>(message, field) != nullptr;
+  } else {
+    // Non-message field (and non-oneof, since that was handled in HasField()
+    // before calling us), and singular (again, checked in HasField). So, this
+    // field must be a scalar.
+
+    // Scalar primitive (numeric or string/bytes) fields are present if
+    // their value is non-zero (numeric) or non-empty (string/bytes). N.B.:
+    // we must use this definition here, rather than the "scalar fields
+    // always present" in the proto3 docs, because MergeFrom() semantics
+    // require presence as "present on wire", and reflection-based merge
+    // (which uses HasField()) needs to be consistent with this.
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+          default: {
+            if (IsInlined(field)) {
+              return !GetField<InlinedStringField>(message, field)
+                          .GetNoArena()
+                          .empty();
+            }
+            return GetField<ArenaStringPtr>(message, field).Get().size() > 0;
+          }
+        }
+        return false;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+        return GetRaw<bool>(message, field) != false;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        return GetRaw<int32>(message, field) != 0;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        return GetRaw<int64>(message, field) != 0;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        return GetRaw<uint32>(message, field) != 0;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+        return GetRaw<uint64>(message, field) != 0;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+        return GetRaw<float>(message, field) != 0.0;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+        return GetRaw<double>(message, field) != 0.0;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+        return GetRaw<int>(message, field) != 0;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        // handled above; avoid warning
+        break;
+    }
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Reached impossible case in HasBit().";
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+void Reflection::SetBit(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!field->options().weak());
+  if (!schema_.HasHasbits()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const uint32 index = schema_.HasBitIndex(field);
+  MutableHasBits(message)[index / 32] |=
+      (static_cast<uint32>(1) << (index % 32));
+}
+
+void Reflection::ClearBit(Message* message,
+                          const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!field->options().weak());
+  if (!schema_.HasHasbits()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const uint32 index = schema_.HasBitIndex(field);
+  MutableHasBits(message)[index / 32] &=
+      ~(static_cast<uint32>(1) << (index % 32));
+}
+
+void Reflection::SwapBit(Message* message1, Message* message2,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!field->options().weak());
+  if (!schema_.HasHasbits()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  bool temp_has_bit = HasBit(*message1, field);
+  if (HasBit(*message2, field)) {
+    SetBit(message1, field);
+  } else {
+    ClearBit(message1, field);
+  }
+  if (temp_has_bit) {
+    SetBit(message2, field);
+  } else {
+    ClearBit(message2, field);
+  }
+}
+
+bool Reflection::HasOneof(const Message& message,
+                          const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const {
+  return (GetOneofCase(message, oneof_descriptor) > 0);
+}
+
+bool Reflection::HasOneofField(const Message& message,
+                               const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return (GetOneofCase(message, field->containing_oneof()) == field->number());
+}
+
+void Reflection::SetOneofCase(Message* message,
+                              const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  *MutableOneofCase(message, field->containing_oneof()) = field->number();
+}
+
+void Reflection::ClearOneofField(Message* message,
+                                 const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  if (HasOneofField(*message, field)) {
+    ClearOneof(message, field->containing_oneof());
+  }
+}
+
+void Reflection::ClearOneof(Message* message,
+                            const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const {
+  // TODO(jieluo): Consider to cache the unused object instead of deleting
+  // it. It will be much faster if an application switches a lot from
+  // a few oneof fields.  Time/space tradeoff
+  uint32 oneof_case = GetOneofCase(*message, oneof_descriptor);
+  if (oneof_case > 0) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->FindFieldByNumber(oneof_case);
+    if (GetArena(message) == nullptr) {
+      switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+          switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+            default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+            case FieldOptions::STRING: {
+              const std::string* default_ptr =
+                  &DefaultRaw<ArenaStringPtr>(field).Get();
+              MutableField<ArenaStringPtr>(message, field)
+                  ->Destroy(default_ptr, GetArena(message));
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+          delete *MutableRaw<Message*>(message, field);
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    *MutableOneofCase(message, oneof_descriptor) = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(TYPE, CPPTYPE, CTYPE)                                \
+  template <>                                                            \
+  const RepeatedField<TYPE>& Reflection::GetRepeatedFieldInternal<TYPE>( \
+      const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {      \
+    return *static_cast<RepeatedField<TYPE>*>(MutableRawRepeatedField(   \
+        const_cast<Message*>(&message), field, CPPTYPE, CTYPE, NULL));   \
+  }                                                                      \
+                                                                         \
+  template <>                                                            \
+  RepeatedField<TYPE>* Reflection::MutableRepeatedFieldInternal<TYPE>(   \
+      Message * message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {           \
+    return static_cast<RepeatedField<TYPE>*>(                            \
+        MutableRawRepeatedField(message, field, CPPTYPE, CTYPE, NULL));  \
+  }
+
+HANDLE_TYPE(int32, FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32, -1);
+HANDLE_TYPE(int64, FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64, -1);
+HANDLE_TYPE(uint32, FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32, -1);
+HANDLE_TYPE(uint64, FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64, -1);
+HANDLE_TYPE(float, FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT, -1);
+HANDLE_TYPE(double, FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE, -1);
+HANDLE_TYPE(bool, FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL, -1);
+
+
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+void* Reflection::MutableRawRepeatedString(Message* message,
+                                           const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                           bool is_string) const {
+  return MutableRawRepeatedField(message, field,
+                                 FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING,
+                                 FieldOptions::STRING, NULL);
+}
+
+// Template implementations of basic accessors.  Inline because each
+// template instance is only called from one location.  These are
+// used for all types except messages.
+template <typename Type>
+const Type& Reflection::GetField(const Message& message,
+                                 const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return GetRaw<Type>(message, field);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+void Reflection::SetField(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                          const Type& value) const {
+  if (field->containing_oneof() && !HasOneofField(*message, field)) {
+    ClearOneof(message, field->containing_oneof());
+  }
+  *MutableRaw<Type>(message, field) = value;
+  field->containing_oneof() ? SetOneofCase(message, field)
+                            : SetBit(message, field);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+Type* Reflection::MutableField(Message* message,
+                               const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  field->containing_oneof() ? SetOneofCase(message, field)
+                            : SetBit(message, field);
+  return MutableRaw<Type>(message, field);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+const Type& Reflection::GetRepeatedField(const Message& message,
+                                         const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                         int index) const {
+  return GetRaw<RepeatedField<Type> >(message, field).Get(index);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+const Type& Reflection::GetRepeatedPtrField(const Message& message,
+                                            const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                            int index) const {
+  return GetRaw<RepeatedPtrField<Type> >(message, field).Get(index);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+void Reflection::SetRepeatedField(Message* message,
+                                  const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,
+                                  Type value) const {
+  MutableRaw<RepeatedField<Type> >(message, field)->Set(index, value);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+Type* Reflection::MutableRepeatedField(Message* message,
+                                       const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                       int index) const {
+  RepeatedPtrField<Type>* repeated =
+      MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrField<Type> >(message, field);
+  return repeated->Mutable(index);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+void Reflection::AddField(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                          const Type& value) const {
+  MutableRaw<RepeatedField<Type> >(message, field)->Add(value);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+Type* Reflection::AddField(Message* message,
+                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  RepeatedPtrField<Type>* repeated =
+      MutableRaw<RepeatedPtrField<Type> >(message, field);
+  return repeated->Add();
+}
+
+MessageFactory* Reflection::GetMessageFactory() const {
+  return message_factory_;
+}
+
+void* Reflection::RepeatedFieldData(Message* message,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type,
+                                    const Descriptor* message_type) const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(field->is_repeated());
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(field->cpp_type() == cpp_type ||
+        (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM &&
+         cpp_type == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32))
+      << "The type parameter T in RepeatedFieldRef<T> API doesn't match "
+      << "the actual field type (for enums T should be the generated enum "
+      << "type or int32).";
+  if (message_type != nullptr) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(message_type, field->message_type());
+  }
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    return MutableExtensionSet(message)->MutableRawRepeatedField(
+        field->number(), field->type(), field->is_packed(), field);
+  } else {
+    return MutableRawNonOneof<char>(message, field);
+  }
+}
+
+MapFieldBase* Reflection::MutableMapData(Message* message,
+                                         const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK(IsMapFieldInApi(field), "GetMapData",
+              "Field is not a map field.");
+  return MutableRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field);
+}
+
+const MapFieldBase* Reflection::GetMapData(const Message& message,
+                                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK(IsMapFieldInApi(field), "GetMapData",
+              "Field is not a map field.");
+  return &(GetRaw<MapFieldBase>(message, field));
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Helper function to transform migration schema into reflection schema.
+ReflectionSchema MigrationToReflectionSchema(
+    const Message* const* default_instance, const uint32* offsets,
+    MigrationSchema migration_schema) {
+  ReflectionSchema result;
+  result.default_instance_ = *default_instance;
+  // First 6 offsets are offsets to the special fields. The following offsets
+  // are the proto fields.
+  result.offsets_ = offsets + migration_schema.offsets_index + 5;
+  result.has_bit_indices_ = offsets + migration_schema.has_bit_indices_index;
+  result.has_bits_offset_ = offsets[migration_schema.offsets_index + 0];
+  result.metadata_offset_ = offsets[migration_schema.offsets_index + 1];
+  result.extensions_offset_ = offsets[migration_schema.offsets_index + 2];
+  result.oneof_case_offset_ = offsets[migration_schema.offsets_index + 3];
+  result.object_size_ = migration_schema.object_size;
+  result.weak_field_map_offset_ = offsets[migration_schema.offsets_index + 4];
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+class AssignDescriptorsHelper {
+ public:
+  AssignDescriptorsHelper(MessageFactory* factory,
+                          Metadata* file_level_metadata,
+                          const EnumDescriptor** file_level_enum_descriptors,
+                          const MigrationSchema* schemas,
+                          const Message* const* default_instance_data,
+                          const uint32* offsets)
+      : factory_(factory),
+        file_level_metadata_(file_level_metadata),
+        file_level_enum_descriptors_(file_level_enum_descriptors),
+        schemas_(schemas),
+        default_instance_data_(default_instance_data),
+        offsets_(offsets) {}
+
+  void AssignMessageDescriptor(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+      AssignMessageDescriptor(descriptor->nested_type(i));
+    }
+
+    file_level_metadata_->descriptor = descriptor;
+
+    file_level_metadata_->reflection =
+        new Reflection(descriptor,
+                       MigrationToReflectionSchema(default_instance_data_,
+                                                   offsets_, *schemas_),
+                       DescriptorPool::internal_generated_pool(), factory_);
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+      AssignEnumDescriptor(descriptor->enum_type(i));
+    }
+    schemas_++;
+    default_instance_data_++;
+    file_level_metadata_++;
+  }
+
+  void AssignEnumDescriptor(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
+    *file_level_enum_descriptors_ = descriptor;
+    file_level_enum_descriptors_++;
+  }
+
+  const Metadata* GetCurrentMetadataPtr() const { return file_level_metadata_; }
+
+ private:
+  MessageFactory* factory_;
+  Metadata* file_level_metadata_;
+  const EnumDescriptor** file_level_enum_descriptors_;
+  const MigrationSchema* schemas_;
+  const Message* const* default_instance_data_;
+  const uint32* offsets_;
+};
+
+namespace {
+
+// We have the routines that assign descriptors and build reflection
+// automatically delete the allocated reflection. MetadataOwner owns
+// all the allocated reflection instances.
+struct MetadataOwner {
+  ~MetadataOwner() {
+    for (auto range : metadata_arrays_) {
+      for (const Metadata* m = range.first; m < range.second; m++) {
+        delete m->reflection;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void AddArray(const Metadata* begin, const Metadata* end) {
+    mu_.Lock();
+    metadata_arrays_.push_back(std::make_pair(begin, end));
+    mu_.Unlock();
+  }
+
+  static MetadataOwner* Instance() {
+    static MetadataOwner* res = OnShutdownDelete(new MetadataOwner);
+    return res;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  MetadataOwner() = default;  // private because singleton
+
+  WrappedMutex mu_;
+  std::vector<std::pair<const Metadata*, const Metadata*> > metadata_arrays_;
+};
+
+void AssignDescriptorsImpl(const DescriptorTable* table) {
+  // Ensure the file descriptor is added to the pool.
+  {
+    // This only happens once per proto file. So a global mutex to serialize
+    // calls to AddDescriptors.
+    static WrappedMutex mu{GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_LINKER_INITIALIZED};
+    mu.Lock();
+    AddDescriptors(table);
+    mu.Unlock();
+  }
+  // Fill the arrays with pointers to descriptors and reflection classes.
+  const FileDescriptor* file =
+      DescriptorPool::internal_generated_pool()->FindFileByName(
+          table->filename);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file != nullptr);
+
+  MessageFactory* factory = MessageFactory::generated_factory();
+
+  AssignDescriptorsHelper helper(
+      factory, table->file_level_metadata, table->file_level_enum_descriptors,
+      table->schemas, table->default_instances, table->offsets);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    helper.AssignMessageDescriptor(file->message_type(i));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    helper.AssignEnumDescriptor(file->enum_type(i));
+  }
+  if (file->options().cc_generic_services()) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < file->service_count(); i++) {
+      table->file_level_service_descriptors[i] = file->service(i);
+    }
+  }
+  MetadataOwner::Instance()->AddArray(table->file_level_metadata,
+                                      helper.GetCurrentMetadataPtr());
+}
+
+void AddDescriptorsImpl(const DescriptorTable* table) {
+  // Reflection refers to the default instances so make sure they are
+  // initialized.
+  for (int i = 0; i < table->num_sccs; i++) {
+    internal::InitSCC(table->init_default_instances[i]);
+  }
+
+  // Ensure all dependent descriptors are registered to the generated descriptor
+  // pool and message factory.
+  for (int i = 0; i < table->num_deps; i++) {
+    // In case of weak fields deps[i] could be null.
+    if (table->deps[i]) AddDescriptors(table->deps[i]);
+  }
+
+  // Register the descriptor of this file.
+  DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(table->descriptor, table->size);
+  MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(table);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Separate function because it needs to be a friend of
+// Reflection
+void RegisterAllTypesInternal(const Metadata* file_level_metadata, int size) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    const Reflection* reflection = file_level_metadata[i].reflection;
+    MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+        file_level_metadata[i].descriptor,
+        reflection->schema_.default_instance_);
+  }
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+void AssignDescriptors(const DescriptorTable* table) {
+  call_once(*table->once, AssignDescriptorsImpl, table);
+}
+
+void AddDescriptors(const DescriptorTable* table) {
+  // AddDescriptors is not thread safe. Callers need to ensure calls are
+  // properly serialized. This function is only called pre-main by global
+  // descriptors and we can assume single threaded access or it's called
+  // by AssignDescriptorImpl which uses a mutex to sequence calls.
+  if (*table->is_initialized) return;
+  *table->is_initialized = true;
+  AddDescriptorsImpl(table);
+}
+
+void RegisterFileLevelMetadata(const DescriptorTable* table) {
+  AssignDescriptors(table);
+  RegisterAllTypesInternal(table->file_level_metadata, table->num_messages);
+}
+
+void UnknownFieldSetSerializer(const uint8* base, uint32 offset, uint32 tag,
+                               uint32 has_offset,
+                               io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  const void* ptr = base + offset;
+  const InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata =
+      static_cast<const InternalMetadataWithArena*>(ptr);
+  if (metadata->have_unknown_fields()) {
+    internal::WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFields(metadata->unknown_fields(),
+                                                 output);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbfab5e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This header is logically internal, but is made public because it is used
+// from protocol-compiler-generated code, which may reside in other components.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_REFLECTION_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_REFLECTION_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+// TODO(jasonh): Remove this once the compiler change to directly include this
+// is released to components.
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class DescriptorPool;
+class MapKey;
+class MapValueRef;
+class MessageLayoutInspector;
+class Message;
+struct Metadata;
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+class DefaultEmptyOneof;
+class ReflectionAccessor;
+
+// Defined in other files.
+class ExtensionSet;  // extension_set.h
+class WeakFieldMap;  // weak_field_map.h
+
+// This struct describes the internal layout of the message, hence this is
+// used to act on the message reflectively.
+//   default_instance:  The default instance of the message.  This is only
+//                  used to obtain pointers to default instances of embedded
+//                  messages, which GetMessage() will return if the particular
+//                  sub-message has not been initialized yet.  (Thus, all
+//                  embedded message fields *must* have non-null pointers
+//                  in the default instance.)
+//   offsets:       An array of ints giving the byte offsets.
+//                  For each oneof or weak field, the offset is relative to the
+//                  default_instance. These can be computed at compile time
+//                  using the
+//                  PROTO2_GENERATED_DEFAULT_ONEOF_FIELD_OFFSET()
+//                  macro. For each none oneof field, the offset is related to
+//                  the start of the message object.  These can be computed at
+//                  compile time using the
+//                  PROTO2_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET() macro.
+//                  Besides offsets for all fields, this array also contains
+//                  offsets for oneof unions. The offset of the i-th oneof union
+//                  is offsets[descriptor->field_count() + i].
+//   has_bit_indices:  Mapping from field indexes to their index in the has
+//                  bit array.
+//   has_bits_offset:  Offset in the message of an array of uint32s of size
+//                  descriptor->field_count()/32, rounded up.  This is a
+//                  bitfield where each bit indicates whether or not the
+//                  corresponding field of the message has been initialized.
+//                  The bit for field index i is obtained by the expression:
+//                    has_bits[i / 32] & (1 << (i % 32))
+//   unknown_fields_offset:  Offset in the message of the UnknownFieldSet for
+//                  the message.
+//   extensions_offset:  Offset in the message of the ExtensionSet for the
+//                  message, or -1 if the message type has no extension
+//                  ranges.
+//   oneof_case_offset:  Offset in the message of an array of uint32s of
+//                  size descriptor->oneof_decl_count().  Each uint32
+//                  indicates what field is set for each oneof.
+//   object_size:   The size of a message object of this type, as measured
+//                  by sizeof().
+//   arena_offset:  If a message doesn't have a unknown_field_set that stores
+//                  the arena, it must have a direct pointer to the arena.
+//   weak_field_map_offset: If the message proto has weak fields, this is the
+//                  offset of _weak_field_map_ in the generated proto. Otherwise
+//                  -1.
+struct ReflectionSchema {
+ public:
+  // Size of a google::protobuf::Message object of this type.
+  uint32 GetObjectSize() const { return static_cast<uint32>(object_size_); }
+
+  // Offset of a non-oneof field.  Getting a field offset is slightly more
+  // efficient when we know statically that it is not a oneof field.
+  uint32 GetFieldOffsetNonOneof(const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!field->containing_oneof());
+    return OffsetValue(offsets_[field->index()], field->type());
+  }
+
+  // Offset of any field.
+  uint32 GetFieldOffset(const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+    if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      size_t offset =
+          static_cast<size_t>(field->containing_type()->field_count() +
+                              field->containing_oneof()->index());
+      return OffsetValue(offsets_[offset], field->type());
+    } else {
+      return GetFieldOffsetNonOneof(field);
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool IsFieldInlined(const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+    if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      size_t offset =
+          static_cast<size_t>(field->containing_type()->field_count() +
+                              field->containing_oneof()->index());
+      return Inlined(offsets_[offset], field->type());
+    } else {
+      return Inlined(offsets_[field->index()], field->type());
+    }
+  }
+
+  uint32 GetOneofCaseOffset(const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const {
+    return static_cast<uint32>(oneof_case_offset_) +
+           static_cast<uint32>(static_cast<size_t>(oneof_descriptor->index()) *
+                               sizeof(uint32));
+  }
+
+  bool HasHasbits() const { return has_bits_offset_ != -1; }
+
+  // Bit index within the bit array of hasbits.  Bit order is low-to-high.
+  uint32 HasBitIndex(const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(HasHasbits());
+    return has_bit_indices_[field->index()];
+  }
+
+  // Byte offset of the hasbits array.
+  uint32 HasBitsOffset() const {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(HasHasbits());
+    return static_cast<uint32>(has_bits_offset_);
+  }
+
+  // The offset of the InternalMetadataWithArena member.
+  // For Lite this will actually be an InternalMetadataWithArenaLite.
+  // The schema doesn't contain enough information to distinguish between
+  // these two cases.
+  uint32 GetMetadataOffset() const {
+    return static_cast<uint32>(metadata_offset_);
+  }
+
+  // Whether this message has an ExtensionSet.
+  bool HasExtensionSet() const { return extensions_offset_ != -1; }
+
+  // The offset of the ExtensionSet in this message.
+  uint32 GetExtensionSetOffset() const {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(HasExtensionSet());
+    return static_cast<uint32>(extensions_offset_);
+  }
+
+  // The off set of WeakFieldMap when the message contains weak fields.
+  // The default is 0 for now.
+  int GetWeakFieldMapOffset() const { return weak_field_map_offset_; }
+
+  bool IsDefaultInstance(const Message& message) const {
+    return &message == default_instance_;
+  }
+
+  // Returns a pointer to the default value for this field.  The size and type
+  // of the underlying data depends on the field's type.
+  const void* GetFieldDefault(const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(default_instance_) +
+           OffsetValue(offsets_[field->index()], field->type());
+  }
+
+
+  bool HasWeakFields() const { return weak_field_map_offset_ > 0; }
+
+  // These members are intended to be private, but we cannot actually make them
+  // private because this prevents us from using aggregate initialization of
+  // them, ie.
+  //
+  //   ReflectionSchema schema = {a, b, c, d, e, ...};
+  // private:
+  const Message* default_instance_;
+  const uint32* offsets_;
+  const uint32* has_bit_indices_;
+  int has_bits_offset_;
+  int metadata_offset_;
+  int extensions_offset_;
+  int oneof_case_offset_;
+  int object_size_;
+  int weak_field_map_offset_;
+
+  // We tag offset values to provide additional data about fields (such as
+  // inlined).
+  static uint32 OffsetValue(uint32 v, FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+    if (type == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING ||
+        type == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+      return v & ~1u;
+    } else {
+      return v;
+    }
+  }
+
+  static bool Inlined(uint32 v, FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+    if (type == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING ||
+        type == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+      return v & 1u;
+    } else {
+      // Non string/byte fields are not inlined.
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// Structs that the code generator emits directly to describe a message.
+// These should never used directly except to build a ReflectionSchema
+// object.
+//
+// EXPERIMENTAL: these are changing rapidly, and may completely disappear
+// or merge with ReflectionSchema.
+struct MigrationSchema {
+  int32 offsets_index;
+  int32 has_bit_indices_index;
+  int object_size;
+};
+
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorTable {
+  bool* is_initialized;
+  const char* descriptor;
+  const char* filename;
+  int size;  // of serialized descriptor
+  once_flag* once;
+  SCCInfoBase* const* init_default_instances;
+  const DescriptorTable* const* deps;
+  int num_sccs;
+  int num_deps;
+  const MigrationSchema* schemas;
+  const Message* const* default_instances;
+  const uint32* offsets;
+  // update the following descriptor arrays.
+  Metadata* file_level_metadata;
+  int num_messages;
+  const EnumDescriptor** file_level_enum_descriptors;
+  const ServiceDescriptor** file_level_service_descriptors;
+};
+
+// AssignDescriptors() pulls the compiled FileDescriptor from the DescriptorPool
+// and uses it to populate all of the global variables which store pointers to
+// the descriptor objects.  It also constructs the reflection objects.  It is
+// called the first time anyone calls descriptor() or GetReflection() on one of
+// the types defined in the file.  AssignDescriptors() is thread-safe.
+void PROTOBUF_EXPORT AssignDescriptors(const DescriptorTable* table);
+
+// AddDescriptors() is a file-level procedure which adds the encoded
+// FileDescriptorProto for this .proto file to the global DescriptorPool for
+// generated files (DescriptorPool::generated_pool()). It ordinarily runs at
+// static initialization time, but is not used at all in LITE_RUNTIME mode.
+// AddDescriptors() is *not* thread-safe.
+void PROTOBUF_EXPORT AddDescriptors(const DescriptorTable* table);
+
+// These cannot be in lite so we put them in the reflection.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void UnknownFieldSetSerializer(const uint8* base, uint32 offset,
+                                               uint32 tag, uint32 has_offset,
+                                               io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_REFLECTION_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eea5da53d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1054 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// To test GeneratedMessageReflection, we actually let the protocol compiler
+// generate a full protocol message implementation and then test its
+// reflection interface.  This is much easier and more maintainable than
+// trying to create our own Message class for GeneratedMessageReflection
+// to wrap.
+//
+// The tests here closely mirror some of the tests in
+// compiler/cpp/unittest, except using the reflection interface
+// rather than generated accessors.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Shorthand to get a FieldDescriptor for a field of unittest::TestAllTypes.
+const FieldDescriptor* F(const std::string& name) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* result =
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor()->FindFieldByName(name);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(result != NULL);
+  return result;
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, Defaults) {
+  // Check that all default values are set correctly in the initial message.
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor());
+
+  reflection_tester.ExpectClearViaReflection(message);
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  // Messages should return pointers to default instances until first use.
+  // (This is not checked by ExpectClear() since it is not actually true after
+  // the fields have been set and then cleared.)
+  EXPECT_EQ(&unittest::TestAllTypes::OptionalGroup::default_instance(),
+            &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optionalgroup")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage::default_instance(),
+            &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_nested_message")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&unittest::ForeignMessage::default_instance(),
+            &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_foreign_message")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&unittest_import::ImportMessage::default_instance(),
+            &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_import_message")));
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, Accessors) {
+  // Set every field to a unique value then go back and check all those
+  // values.
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor());
+
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+
+  reflection_tester.ModifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedFieldsModified(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, GetStringReference) {
+  // Test that GetStringReference() returns the underlying string when it
+  // is a normal string field.
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  message.set_optional_string("foo");
+  message.add_repeated_string("foo");
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  std::string scratch;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      &message.optional_string(),
+      &reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_string"), &scratch))
+      << "For simple string fields, GetStringReference() should return a "
+         "reference to the underlying string.";
+  EXPECT_EQ(&message.repeated_string(0),
+            &reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(
+                message, F("repeated_string"), 0, &scratch))
+      << "For simple string fields, GetRepeatedStringReference() should "
+         "return "
+         "a reference to the underlying string.";
+}
+
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, DefaultsAfterClear) {
+  // Check that after setting all fields and then clearing, getting an
+  // embedded message does NOT return the default instance.
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor());
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+  message.Clear();
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest::TestAllTypes::OptionalGroup::default_instance(),
+            &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optionalgroup")));
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage::default_instance(),
+            &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_nested_message")));
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest::ForeignMessage::default_instance(),
+            &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_foreign_message")));
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest_import::ImportMessage::default_instance(),
+            &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_import_message")));
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, Swap) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->Swap(&message1, &message2);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectClear(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SwapWithBothSet) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message2);
+  TestUtil::ModifyRepeatedFields(&message2);
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->Swap(&message1, &message2);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedFieldsModified(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+
+  message1.set_optional_int32(532819);
+
+  reflection->Swap(&message1, &message2);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(532819, message2.optional_int32());
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SwapExtensions) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message1;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message1);
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->Swap(&message1, &message2);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectExtensionsClear(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SwapUnknown) {
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage message1, message2;
+
+  message1.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(1234, 1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message1.unknown_fields().field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message2.unknown_fields().field_count());
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->Swap(&message1, &message2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message1.unknown_fields().field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message2.unknown_fields().field_count());
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SwapFields) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message1, message2;
+  message1.set_optional_double(12.3);
+  message1.mutable_repeated_int32()->Add(10);
+  message1.mutable_repeated_int32()->Add(20);
+
+  message2.set_optional_string("hello");
+  message2.mutable_repeated_int64()->Add(30);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message1.GetDescriptor();
+  fields.push_back(descriptor->FindFieldByName("optional_double"));
+  fields.push_back(descriptor->FindFieldByName("repeated_int32"));
+  fields.push_back(descriptor->FindFieldByName("optional_string"));
+  fields.push_back(descriptor->FindFieldByName("optional_uint64"));
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->SwapFields(&message1, &message2, fields);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message1.has_optional_double());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message1.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message1.has_optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", message1.optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message1.repeated_int64_size());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message1.has_optional_uint64());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.has_optional_double());
+  EXPECT_EQ(12.3, message2.optional_double());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message2.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, message2.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(20, message2.repeated_int32(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message2.has_optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message2.repeated_int64_size());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message2.has_optional_uint64());
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SwapFieldsAll) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message2);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->ListFields(message2, &fields);
+  reflection->SwapFields(&message1, &message2, fields);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectClear(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SwapFieldsAllExtension) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message1;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message1);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->ListFields(message1, &fields);
+  reflection->SwapFields(&message1, &message2, fields);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectExtensionsClear(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SwapOneof) {
+  unittest::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&message1);
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->Swap(&message1, &message2);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofClear(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet1(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SwapOneofBothSet) {
+  unittest::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&message1);
+  TestUtil::SetOneof2(&message2);
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->Swap(&message1, &message2);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet2(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet1(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SwapFieldsOneof) {
+  unittest::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&message1);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message1.GetDescriptor();
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    fields.push_back(descriptor->field(i));
+  }
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->SwapFields(&message1, &message2, fields);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofClear(message1);
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet1(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, RemoveLast) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor());
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+
+  reflection_tester.RemoveLastRepeatedsViaReflection(&message);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectLastRepeatedsRemoved(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, RemoveLastExtensions) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllExtensions::descriptor());
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+
+  reflection_tester.RemoveLastRepeatedsViaReflection(&message);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectLastRepeatedExtensionsRemoved(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, ReleaseLast) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(descriptor);
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+
+  reflection_tester.ReleaseLastRepeatedsViaReflection(&message, false);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectLastRepeatedsReleased(message);
+
+  // Now test that we actually release the right message.
+  message.Clear();
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  const protobuf_unittest::ForeignMessage* expected =
+      message.mutable_repeated_foreign_message(1);
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> released(message.GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      &message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("repeated_foreign_message")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, released.get());
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, ReleaseLastExtensions) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(descriptor);
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+
+  reflection_tester.ReleaseLastRepeatedsViaReflection(&message, true);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectLastRepeatedExtensionsReleased(message);
+
+  // Now test that we actually release the right message.
+  message.Clear();
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension));
+  const protobuf_unittest::ForeignMessage* expected =
+      message.MutableExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 1);
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> released(message.GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      &message, descriptor->file()->FindExtensionByName(
+                    "repeated_foreign_message_extension")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, released.get());
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SwapRepeatedElements) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor());
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+
+  // Swap and test that fields are all swapped.
+  reflection_tester.SwapRepeatedsViaReflection(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedsSwapped(message);
+
+  // Swap back and test that fields are all back to original values.
+  reflection_tester.SwapRepeatedsViaReflection(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SwapRepeatedElementsExtension) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllExtensions::descriptor());
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+
+  // Swap and test that fields are all swapped.
+  reflection_tester.SwapRepeatedsViaReflection(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedExtensionsSwapped(message);
+
+  // Swap back and test that fields are all back to original values.
+  reflection_tester.SwapRepeatedsViaReflection(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, Extensions) {
+  // Set every extension to a unique value then go back and check all those
+  // values.
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllExtensions::descriptor());
+
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+
+  reflection_tester.ModifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedExtensionsModified(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, FindExtensionTypeByNumber) {
+  const Reflection* reflection =
+      unittest::TestAllExtensions::default_instance().GetReflection();
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* extension1 =
+      unittest::TestAllExtensions::descriptor()->file()->FindExtensionByName(
+          "optional_int32_extension");
+  const FieldDescriptor* extension2 =
+      unittest::TestAllExtensions::descriptor()->file()->FindExtensionByName(
+          "repeated_string_extension");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(extension1,
+            reflection->FindKnownExtensionByNumber(extension1->number()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(extension2,
+            reflection->FindKnownExtensionByNumber(extension2->number()));
+
+  // Non-existent extension.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->FindKnownExtensionByNumber(62341) == NULL);
+
+  // Extensions of TestAllExtensions should not show up as extensions of
+  // other types.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(unittest::TestAllTypes::default_instance()
+                  .GetReflection()
+                  ->FindKnownExtensionByNumber(extension1->number()) == NULL);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, FindKnownExtensionByName) {
+  const Reflection* reflection =
+      unittest::TestAllExtensions::default_instance().GetReflection();
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* extension1 =
+      unittest::TestAllExtensions::descriptor()->file()->FindExtensionByName(
+          "optional_int32_extension");
+  const FieldDescriptor* extension2 =
+      unittest::TestAllExtensions::descriptor()->file()->FindExtensionByName(
+          "repeated_string_extension");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(extension1,
+            reflection->FindKnownExtensionByName(extension1->full_name()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(extension2,
+            reflection->FindKnownExtensionByName(extension2->full_name()));
+
+  // Non-existent extension.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->FindKnownExtensionByName("no_such_ext") == NULL);
+
+  // Extensions of TestAllExtensions should not show up as extensions of
+  // other types.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(unittest::TestAllTypes::default_instance()
+                  .GetReflection()
+                  ->FindKnownExtensionByName(extension1->full_name()) == NULL);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SetAllocatedMessageTest) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes from_message1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes from_message2;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes to_message;
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(&from_message1);
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(&from_message2);
+
+  // Before moving fields, we expect the nested messages to be NULL.
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      &to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::IS_NULL);
+
+  // After fields are moved we should get non-NULL releases.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(
+      &from_message1, &to_message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      &to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::NOT_NULL);
+
+  // Another move to make sure that we can SetAllocated several times.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(
+      &from_message2, &to_message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      &to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::NOT_NULL);
+
+  // After SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToNullViaReflection() we expect the
+  // releases to be NULL again.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToNullViaReflection(
+      &to_message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      &to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::IS_NULL);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SetAllocatedMessageOnArenaTest) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes from_message1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes from_message2;
+  Arena arena;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes* to_message =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(&from_message1);
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(&from_message2);
+
+  // Before moving fields, we expect the nested messages to be NULL.
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::IS_NULL);
+
+  // After fields are moved we should get non-NULL releases.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(
+      &from_message1, to_message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::NOT_NULL);
+
+  // Another move to make sure that we can SetAllocated several times.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(
+      &from_message2, to_message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::NOT_NULL);
+
+  // After SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToNullViaReflection() we expect the
+  // releases to be NULL again.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToNullViaReflection(
+      to_message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::IS_NULL);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SetAllocatedExtensionMessageTest) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions from_message1;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions from_message2;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions to_message;
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllExtensions::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(&from_message1);
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(&from_message2);
+
+  // Before moving fields, we expect the nested messages to be NULL.
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      &to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::IS_NULL);
+
+  // After fields are moved we should get non-NULL releases.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(
+      &from_message1, &to_message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      &to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::NOT_NULL);
+
+  // Another move to make sure that we can SetAllocated several times.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(
+      &from_message2, &to_message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      &to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::NOT_NULL);
+
+  // After SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToNullViaReflection() we expect the
+  // releases to be NULL again.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToNullViaReflection(
+      &to_message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      &to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::IS_NULL);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SetAllocatedExtensionMessageOnArenaTest) {
+  Arena arena;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions* to_message =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllExtensions>(&arena);
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions from_message1;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions from_message2;
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllExtensions::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(&from_message1);
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(&from_message2);
+
+  // Before moving fields, we expect the nested messages to be NULL.
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::IS_NULL);
+
+  // After fields are moved we should get non-NULL releases.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(
+      &from_message1, to_message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::NOT_NULL);
+
+  // Another move to make sure that we can SetAllocated several times.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(
+      &from_message2, to_message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::NOT_NULL);
+
+  // After SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToNullViaReflection() we expect the
+  // releases to be NULL again.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToNullViaReflection(
+      to_message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      to_message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::IS_NULL);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, AddRepeatedMessage) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  const Reflection* nested_reflection =
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage::default_instance().GetReflection();
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* nested_bb =
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage::descriptor()->FindFieldByName(
+          "bb");
+
+  Message* nested =
+      reflection->AddMessage(&message, F("repeated_nested_message"));
+  nested_reflection->SetInt32(nested, nested_bb, 11);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, message.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, MutableRepeatedMessage) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  const Reflection* nested_reflection =
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage::default_instance().GetReflection();
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* nested_bb =
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage::descriptor()->FindFieldByName(
+          "bb");
+
+  message.add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(12);
+
+  Message* nested = reflection->MutableRepeatedMessage(
+      &message, F("repeated_nested_message"), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, nested_reflection->GetInt32(*nested, nested_bb));
+  nested_reflection->SetInt32(nested, nested_bb, 13);
+  EXPECT_EQ(13, message.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, AddAllocatedMessage) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* nested =
+      new unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage();
+  nested->set_bb(11);
+  reflection->AddAllocatedMessage(&message, F("repeated_nested_message"),
+                                  nested);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, message.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, ListFieldsOneOf) {
+  unittest::TestOneof2 message;
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&message);
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  reflection->ListFields(message, &fields);
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, fields.size());
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, Oneof) {
+  unittest::TestOneof2 message;
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  // Check default values.
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      0, reflection->GetInt32(message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_int")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetString(
+                    message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_string")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetString(message,
+                                      descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_cord")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetString(
+                    message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_string_piece")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetString(
+                    message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_bytes")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::TestOneof2::FOO,
+      reflection->GetEnum(message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_enum"))
+          ->number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&unittest::TestOneof2::NestedMessage::default_instance(),
+            &reflection->GetMessage(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_message")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&unittest::TestOneof2::FooGroup::default_instance(),
+            &reflection->GetMessage(message,
+                                    descriptor->FindFieldByName("foogroup")));
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest::TestOneof2::FooGroup::default_instance(),
+            &reflection->GetMessage(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      5, reflection->GetInt32(message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_int")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("STRING", reflection->GetString(
+                          message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_string")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("CORD", reflection->GetString(
+                        message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_cord")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("SPIECE",
+            reflection->GetString(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_string_piece")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("BYTES", reflection->GetString(
+                         message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_bytes")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::TestOneof2::BAR,
+      reflection->GetEnum(message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_enum"))
+          ->number());
+
+  // Check Set functions.
+  reflection->SetInt32(&message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_int"), 123);
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, reflection->GetInt32(message,
+                                      descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_int")));
+  reflection->SetString(&message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_string"),
+                        "abc");
+  EXPECT_EQ("abc", reflection->GetString(
+                       message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_string")));
+  reflection->SetString(&message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_bytes"),
+                        "bytes");
+  EXPECT_EQ("bytes", reflection->GetString(
+                         message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_bytes")));
+  reflection->SetString(&message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_cord"),
+                        "change_cord");
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "change_cord",
+      reflection->GetString(message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_cord")));
+  reflection->SetString(&message,
+                        descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_string_piece"),
+                        "change_spiece");
+  EXPECT_EQ("change_spiece",
+            reflection->GetString(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_string_piece")));
+
+  message.clear_foo();
+  message.clear_bar();
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofClear(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SetAllocatedOneofMessageTest) {
+  unittest::TestOneof2 from_message1;
+  unittest::TestOneof2 from_message2;
+  unittest::TestOneof2 to_message;
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = unittest::TestOneof2::descriptor();
+  const Reflection* reflection = to_message.GetReflection();
+
+  Message* released = reflection->ReleaseMessage(
+      &to_message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(released == NULL);
+  released = reflection->ReleaseMessage(
+      &to_message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(released == NULL);
+
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester::SetOneofViaReflection(&from_message1);
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectOneofSetViaReflection(from_message1);
+
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester::
+      SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(&from_message1,
+                                                              &to_message);
+  const Message& sub_message = reflection->GetMessage(
+      to_message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
+  released = reflection->ReleaseMessage(
+      &to_message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(released != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&sub_message, released);
+  delete released;
+
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester::SetOneofViaReflection(&from_message2);
+
+  reflection->MutableMessage(&from_message2,
+                             descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_message"));
+
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester::
+      SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(&from_message2,
+                                                              &to_message);
+
+  const Message& sub_message2 = reflection->GetMessage(
+      to_message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_message"));
+  released = reflection->ReleaseMessage(
+      &to_message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(released != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&sub_message2, released);
+  delete released;
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, SetAllocatedOneofMessageOnArenaTest) {
+  unittest::TestOneof2 from_message1;
+  unittest::TestOneof2 from_message2;
+  Arena arena;
+  unittest::TestOneof2* to_message =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestOneof2>(&arena);
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = unittest::TestOneof2::descriptor();
+  const Reflection* reflection = to_message->GetReflection();
+
+  Message* released = reflection->ReleaseMessage(
+      to_message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(released == NULL);
+  released = reflection->ReleaseMessage(
+      to_message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(released == NULL);
+
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester::SetOneofViaReflection(&from_message1);
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectOneofSetViaReflection(from_message1);
+
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester::
+      SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(&from_message1,
+                                                              to_message);
+  const Message& sub_message = reflection->GetMessage(
+      *to_message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
+  released = reflection->ReleaseMessage(
+      to_message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(released != NULL);
+  // Since sub_message is arena allocated, releasing it results in copying it
+  // into new heap-allocated memory.
+  EXPECT_NE(&sub_message, released);
+  delete released;
+
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester::SetOneofViaReflection(&from_message2);
+
+  reflection->MutableMessage(&from_message2,
+                             descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_message"));
+
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester::
+      SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(&from_message2,
+                                                              to_message);
+
+  const Message& sub_message2 = reflection->GetMessage(
+      *to_message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_message"));
+  released = reflection->ReleaseMessage(
+      to_message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(released != NULL);
+  // Since sub_message2 is arena allocated, releasing it results in copying it
+  // into new heap-allocated memory.
+  EXPECT_NE(&sub_message2, released);
+  delete released;
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, ReleaseMessageTest) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor());
+
+  // When nothing is set, we expect all released messages to be NULL.
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      &message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::IS_NULL);
+
+  // After fields are set we should get non-NULL releases.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      &message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::NOT_NULL);
+
+  // After Clear() we may or may not get a message from ReleaseMessage().
+  // This is implementation specific.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+  message.Clear();
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      &message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::CAN_BE_NULL);
+
+  // Test a different code path for setting after releasing.
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, ReleaseExtensionMessageTest) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllExtensions::descriptor());
+
+  // When nothing is set, we expect all released messages to be NULL.
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      &message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::IS_NULL);
+
+  // After fields are set we should get non-NULL releases.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      &message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::NOT_NULL);
+
+  // After Clear() we may or may not get a message from ReleaseMessage().
+  // This is implementation specific.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+  message.Clear();
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      &message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::CAN_BE_NULL);
+
+  // Test a different code path for setting after releasing.
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, ReleaseOneofMessageTest) {
+  unittest::TestOneof2 message;
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester::SetOneofViaReflection(&message);
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = unittest::TestOneof2::descriptor();
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  const Message& sub_message = reflection->GetMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
+  Message* released = reflection->ReleaseMessage(
+      &message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(released != NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&sub_message, released);
+  delete released;
+
+  released = reflection->ReleaseMessage(
+      &message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(released == NULL);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, ArenaReleaseMessageTest) {
+  Arena arena;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes* message =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor());
+
+  // When nothing is set, we expect all released messages to be NULL.
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::IS_NULL);
+
+  // After fields are set we should get non-NULL releases.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::NOT_NULL);
+
+  // After Clear() we may or may not get a message from ReleaseMessage().
+  // This is implementation specific.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(message);
+  message->Clear();
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::CAN_BE_NULL);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, ArenaReleaseExtensionMessageTest) {
+  Arena arena;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions* message =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestAllExtensions>(&arena);
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester reflection_tester(
+      unittest::TestAllExtensions::descriptor());
+
+  // When nothing is set, we expect all released messages to be NULL.
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::IS_NULL);
+
+  // After fields are set we should get non-NULL releases.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::NOT_NULL);
+
+  // After Clear() we may or may not get a message from ReleaseMessage().
+  // This is implementation specific.
+  reflection_tester.SetAllFieldsViaReflection(message);
+  message->Clear();
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      message, TestUtil::ReflectionTester::CAN_BE_NULL);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, ArenaReleaseOneofMessageTest) {
+  Arena arena;
+  unittest::TestOneof2* message =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestOneof2>(&arena);
+  TestUtil::ReflectionTester::SetOneofViaReflection(message);
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = unittest::TestOneof2::descriptor();
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  Message* released = reflection->ReleaseMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(released != NULL);
+  delete released;
+
+  released = reflection->ReleaseMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(released == NULL);
+}
+
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+TEST(GeneratedMessageReflectionTest, UsageErrors) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+
+#define f(NAME) descriptor->FindFieldByName(NAME)
+
+  // Testing every single failure mode would be too much work.  Let's just
+  // check a few.
+  EXPECT_DEATH(
+      reflection->GetInt32(message,
+                           descriptor->FindFieldByName("optional_int64")),
+      "Protocol Buffer reflection usage error:\n"
+      "  Method      : google::protobuf::Reflection::GetInt32\n"
+      "  Message type: protobuf_unittest\\.TestAllTypes\n"
+      "  Field       : protobuf_unittest\\.TestAllTypes\\.optional_int64\n"
+      "  Problem     : Field is not the right type for this message:\n"
+      "    Expected  : CPPTYPE_INT32\n"
+      "    Field type: CPPTYPE_INT64");
+  EXPECT_DEATH(reflection->GetInt32(
+                   message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("repeated_int32")),
+               "Protocol Buffer reflection usage error:\n"
+               "  Method      : google::protobuf::Reflection::GetInt32\n"
+               "  Message type: protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes\n"
+               "  Field       : protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.repeated_int32\n"
+               "  Problem     : Field is repeated; the method requires a "
+               "singular field.");
+  EXPECT_DEATH(
+      reflection->GetInt32(
+          message,
+          unittest::ForeignMessage::descriptor()->FindFieldByName("c")),
+      "Protocol Buffer reflection usage error:\n"
+      "  Method      : google::protobuf::Reflection::GetInt32\n"
+      "  Message type: protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes\n"
+      "  Field       : protobuf_unittest.ForeignMessage.c\n"
+      "  Problem     : Field does not match message type.");
+  EXPECT_DEATH(
+      reflection->HasField(
+          message,
+          unittest::ForeignMessage::descriptor()->FindFieldByName("c")),
+      "Protocol Buffer reflection usage error:\n"
+      "  Method      : google::protobuf::Reflection::HasField\n"
+      "  Message type: protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes\n"
+      "  Field       : protobuf_unittest.ForeignMessage.c\n"
+      "  Problem     : Field does not match message type.");
+
+#undef f
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb82a8ec3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+namespace {
+
+UnknownFieldSet* MutableUnknownFields(MessageLite* msg, int64 arena_offset) {
+  return Raw<InternalMetadataWithArena>(msg, arena_offset)
+      ->mutable_unknown_fields();
+}
+
+struct UnknownFieldHandler {
+  // TODO(mvels): consider renaming UnknownFieldHandler to (TableDrivenTraits?),
+  // and conflating InternalMetaData into it, simplifying the template.
+  static constexpr bool IsLite() { return false; }
+
+  static bool Skip(MessageLite* msg, const ParseTable& table,
+                   io::CodedInputStream* input, int tag) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(table.unknown_field_set);
+
+    return WireFormat::SkipField(input, tag,
+                                 MutableUnknownFields(msg, table.arena_offset));
+  }
+
+  static void Varint(MessageLite* msg, const ParseTable& table, int tag,
+                     int value) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(table.unknown_field_set);
+
+    MutableUnknownFields(msg, table.arena_offset)
+        ->AddVarint(WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag), value);
+  }
+
+  static bool ParseExtension(MessageLite* msg, const ParseTable& table,
+                             io::CodedInputStream* input, int tag) {
+    ExtensionSet* extensions = GetExtensionSet(msg, table.extension_offset);
+    if (extensions == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const Message* prototype =
+        down_cast<const Message*>(table.default_instance());
+
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(prototype != NULL);
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(table.unknown_field_set);
+    UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields =
+        MutableUnknownFields(msg, table.arena_offset);
+
+    return extensions->ParseField(tag, input, prototype, unknown_fields);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(MessageLite* msg, const ParseTable& table,
+                                 io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  return MergePartialFromCodedStreamImpl<UnknownFieldHandler,
+                                         InternalMetadataWithArena>(msg, table,
+                                                                    input);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1394ab144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_TABLE_DRIVEN_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_TABLE_DRIVEN_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/map.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+// We require C++11 and Clang to use constexpr for variables, as GCC 4.8
+// requires constexpr to be consistent between declarations of variables
+// unnecessarily (see https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58541).
+// VS 2017 Update 3 also supports this usage of constexpr.
+#if defined(__clang__) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1911)
+#define PROTOBUF_CONSTEXPR_VAR constexpr
+#else  // !__clang__
+#define PROTOBUF_CONSTEXPR_VAR
+#endif  // !_clang
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// Processing-type masks.
+static constexpr const unsigned char kOneofMask = 0x40;
+static constexpr const unsigned char kRepeatedMask = 0x20;
+// Mask for the raw type: either a WireFormatLite::FieldType or one of the
+// ProcessingTypes below, without the oneof or repeated flag.
+static constexpr const unsigned char kTypeMask = 0x1f;
+
+// Wire type masks.
+static constexpr const unsigned char kNotPackedMask = 0x10;
+static constexpr const unsigned char kInvalidMask = 0x20;
+
+enum ProcessingTypes {
+  TYPE_STRING_CORD = 19,
+  TYPE_STRING_STRING_PIECE = 20,
+  TYPE_BYTES_CORD = 21,
+  TYPE_BYTES_STRING_PIECE = 22,
+  TYPE_STRING_INLINED = 23,
+  TYPE_BYTES_INLINED = 24,
+  TYPE_MAP = 25,
+};
+
+static_assert(TYPE_MAP < kRepeatedMask, "Invalid enum");
+
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldMetadata {
+  uint32 offset;  // offset of this field in the struct
+  uint32 tag;     // field * 8 + wire_type
+  // byte offset * 8 + bit_offset;
+  // if the high bit is set then this is the byte offset of the oneof_case
+  // for this field.
+  uint32 has_offset;
+  uint32 type;      // the type of this field.
+  const void* ptr;  // auxiliary data
+
+  // From the serializer point of view each fundamental type can occur in
+  // 4 different ways. For simplicity we treat all combinations as a cartesion
+  // product although not all combinations are allowed.
+  enum FieldTypeClass {
+    kPresence,
+    kNoPresence,
+    kRepeated,
+    kPacked,
+    kOneOf,
+    kNumTypeClasses  // must be last enum
+  };
+  // C++ protobuf has 20 fundamental types, were we added Cord and StringPiece
+  // and also distinquish the same types if they have different wire format.
+  enum {
+    kCordType = 19,
+    kStringPieceType = 20,
+    kInlinedType = 21,
+    kNumTypes = 21,
+    kSpecial = kNumTypes * kNumTypeClasses,
+  };
+
+  static int CalculateType(int fundamental_type, FieldTypeClass type_class);
+};
+
+// TODO(ckennelly):  Add a static assertion to ensure that these masks do not
+// conflict with wiretypes.
+
+// ParseTableField is kept small to help simplify instructions for computing
+// offsets, as we will always need this information to parse a field.
+// Additional data, needed for some types, is stored in
+// AuxillaryParseTableField.
+struct ParseTableField {
+  uint32 offset;
+  // The presence_index ordinarily represents a has_bit index, but for fields
+  // inside a oneof it represents the index in _oneof_case_.
+  uint32 presence_index;
+  unsigned char normal_wiretype;
+  unsigned char packed_wiretype;
+
+  // processing_type is given by:
+  //   (FieldDescriptor->type() << 1) | FieldDescriptor->is_packed()
+  unsigned char processing_type;
+
+  unsigned char tag_size;
+};
+
+struct ParseTable;
+
+union AuxillaryParseTableField {
+  typedef bool (*EnumValidator)(int);
+
+  // Enums
+  struct enum_aux {
+    EnumValidator validator;
+  };
+  enum_aux enums;
+  // Group, messages
+  struct message_aux {
+    // ExplicitlyInitialized<T> -> T requires a reinterpret_cast, which prevents
+    // the tables from being constructed as a constexpr.  We use void to avoid
+    // the cast.
+    const void* default_message_void;
+    const MessageLite* default_message() const {
+      return static_cast<const MessageLite*>(default_message_void);
+    }
+  };
+  message_aux messages;
+  // Strings
+  struct string_aux {
+    const void* default_ptr;
+    const char* field_name;
+  };
+  string_aux strings;
+
+  struct map_aux {
+    bool (*parse_map)(io::CodedInputStream*, void*);
+  };
+  map_aux maps;
+
+  AuxillaryParseTableField() = default;
+  constexpr AuxillaryParseTableField(AuxillaryParseTableField::enum_aux e)
+      : enums(e) {}
+  constexpr AuxillaryParseTableField(AuxillaryParseTableField::message_aux m)
+      : messages(m) {}
+  constexpr AuxillaryParseTableField(AuxillaryParseTableField::string_aux s)
+      : strings(s) {}
+  constexpr AuxillaryParseTableField(AuxillaryParseTableField::map_aux m)
+      : maps(m) {}
+};
+
+struct ParseTable {
+  const ParseTableField* fields;
+  const AuxillaryParseTableField* aux;
+  int max_field_number;
+  // TODO(ckennelly): Do something with this padding.
+
+  // TODO(ckennelly): Vet these for sign extension.
+  int64 has_bits_offset;
+  int64 oneof_case_offset;
+  int64 extension_offset;
+  int64 arena_offset;
+
+  // ExplicitlyInitialized<T> -> T requires a reinterpret_cast, which prevents
+  // the tables from being constructed as a constexpr.  We use void to avoid
+  // the cast.
+  const void* default_instance_void;
+  const MessageLite* default_instance() const {
+    return static_cast<const MessageLite*>(default_instance_void);
+  }
+
+  bool unknown_field_set;
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(ParseTableField) <= 16, "ParseTableField is too large");
+// The tables must be composed of POD components to ensure link-time
+// initialization.
+static_assert(std::is_pod<ParseTableField>::value, "");
+static_assert(std::is_pod<AuxillaryParseTableField>::value, "");
+static_assert(std::is_pod<AuxillaryParseTableField::enum_aux>::value, "");
+static_assert(std::is_pod<AuxillaryParseTableField::message_aux>::value, "");
+static_assert(std::is_pod<AuxillaryParseTableField::string_aux>::value, "");
+static_assert(std::is_pod<ParseTable>::value, "");
+
+// TODO(ckennelly): Consolidate these implementations into a single one, using
+// dynamic dispatch to the appropriate unknown field handler.
+bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(MessageLite* msg, const ParseTable& table,
+                                 io::CodedInputStream* input);
+bool MergePartialFromCodedStreamLite(MessageLite* msg, const ParseTable& table,
+                                     io::CodedInputStream* input);
+
+template <typename Entry>
+bool ParseMap(io::CodedInputStream* input, void* map_field) {
+  typedef typename MapEntryToMapField<Entry>::MapFieldType MapFieldType;
+  typedef Map<typename Entry::EntryKeyType, typename Entry::EntryValueType>
+      MapType;
+  typedef typename Entry::template Parser<MapFieldType, MapType> ParserType;
+
+  ParserType parser(static_cast<MapFieldType*>(map_field));
+  return WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(input, &parser);
+}
+
+struct SerializationTable {
+  int num_fields;
+  const FieldMetadata* field_table;
+};
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void SerializeInternal(const uint8* base,
+                                       const FieldMetadata* table,
+                                       int32 num_fields,
+                                       io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+inline void TableSerialize(const MessageLite& msg,
+                           const SerializationTable* table,
+                           io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  const FieldMetadata* field_table = table->field_table;
+  int num_fields = table->num_fields - 1;
+  const uint8* base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(&msg);
+  // TODO(gerbens) This skips the first test if we could use the fast
+  // array serialization path, we should make this
+  // int cached_size =
+  //    *reinterpret_cast<const int32*>(base + field_table->offset);
+  // SerializeWithCachedSize(msg, field_table + 1, num_fields, cached_size, ...)
+  // But we keep conformance with the old way for now.
+  SerializeInternal(base, field_table + 1, num_fields, output);
+}
+
+uint8* SerializeInternalToArray(const uint8* base, const FieldMetadata* table,
+                                int32 num_fields, bool is_deterministic,
+                                uint8* buffer);
+
+inline uint8* TableSerializeToArray(const MessageLite& msg,
+                                    const SerializationTable* table,
+                                    bool is_deterministic, uint8* buffer) {
+  const uint8* base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(&msg);
+  const FieldMetadata* field_table = table->field_table + 1;
+  int num_fields = table->num_fields - 1;
+  return SerializeInternalToArray(base, field_table, num_fields,
+                                  is_deterministic, buffer);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+struct CompareHelper {
+  bool operator()(const T& a, const T& b) const { return a < b; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct CompareHelper<ArenaStringPtr> {
+  bool operator()(const ArenaStringPtr& a, const ArenaStringPtr& b) const {
+    return a.Get() < b.Get();
+  }
+};
+
+struct CompareMapKey {
+  template <typename T>
+  bool operator()(const MapEntryHelper<T>& a,
+                  const MapEntryHelper<T>& b) const {
+    return Compare(a.key_, b.key_);
+  }
+  template <typename T>
+  bool Compare(const T& a, const T& b) const {
+    return CompareHelper<T>()(a, b);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename MapFieldType, const SerializationTable* table>
+void MapFieldSerializer(const uint8* base, uint32 offset, uint32 tag,
+                        uint32 has_offset, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  typedef MapEntryHelper<typename MapFieldType::EntryTypeTrait> Entry;
+  typedef typename MapFieldType::MapType::const_iterator Iter;
+
+  const MapFieldType& map_field =
+      *reinterpret_cast<const MapFieldType*>(base + offset);
+  const SerializationTable* t =
+      table +
+      has_offset;  // has_offset is overloaded for maps to mean table offset
+  if (!output->IsSerializationDeterministic()) {
+    for (Iter it = map_field.GetMap().begin(); it != map_field.GetMap().end();
+         ++it) {
+      Entry map_entry(*it);
+      output->WriteVarint32(tag);
+      output->WriteVarint32(map_entry._cached_size_);
+      SerializeInternal(reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(&map_entry),
+                        t->field_table, t->num_fields, output);
+    }
+  } else {
+    std::vector<Entry> v;
+    for (Iter it = map_field.GetMap().begin(); it != map_field.GetMap().end();
+         ++it) {
+      v.push_back(Entry(*it));
+    }
+    std::sort(v.begin(), v.end(), CompareMapKey());
+    for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
+      output->WriteVarint32(tag);
+      output->WriteVarint32(v[i]._cached_size_);
+      SerializeInternal(reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(&v[i]), t->field_table,
+                        t->num_fields, output);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_TABLE_DRIVEN_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82de6bc9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven_lite.h>
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+namespace {
+
+std::string* MutableUnknownFields(MessageLite* msg, int64 arena_offset) {
+  return Raw<InternalMetadataWithArenaLite>(msg, arena_offset)
+      ->mutable_unknown_fields();
+}
+
+struct UnknownFieldHandlerLite {
+  // TODO(mvels): consider renaming UnknownFieldHandler to (TableDrivenTraits?),
+  // and conflating InternalMetaData into it, simplifying the template.
+  static constexpr bool IsLite() { return true; }
+
+  static bool Skip(MessageLite* msg, const ParseTable& table,
+                   io::CodedInputStream* input, int tag) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!table.unknown_field_set);
+    io::StringOutputStream unknown_fields_string(
+        MutableUnknownFields(msg, table.arena_offset));
+    io::CodedOutputStream unknown_fields_stream(&unknown_fields_string, false);
+
+    return internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag,
+                                               &unknown_fields_stream);
+  }
+
+  static void Varint(MessageLite* msg, const ParseTable& table, int tag,
+                     int value) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!table.unknown_field_set);
+
+    io::StringOutputStream unknown_fields_string(
+        MutableUnknownFields(msg, table.arena_offset));
+    io::CodedOutputStream unknown_fields_stream(&unknown_fields_string, false);
+    unknown_fields_stream.WriteVarint32(tag);
+    unknown_fields_stream.WriteVarint32(value);
+  }
+
+  static bool ParseExtension(MessageLite* msg, const ParseTable& table,
+                             io::CodedInputStream* input, int tag) {
+    ExtensionSet* extensions = GetExtensionSet(msg, table.extension_offset);
+    if (extensions == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const MessageLite* prototype = table.default_instance();
+
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!table.unknown_field_set);
+    io::StringOutputStream unknown_fields_string(
+        MutableUnknownFields(msg, table.arena_offset));
+    io::CodedOutputStream unknown_fields_stream(&unknown_fields_string, false);
+    return extensions->ParseField(tag, input, prototype,
+                                  &unknown_fields_stream);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool MergePartialFromCodedStreamLite(MessageLite* msg, const ParseTable& table,
+                                     io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  return MergePartialFromCodedStreamImpl<UnknownFieldHandlerLite,
+                                         InternalMetadataWithArenaLite>(
+      msg, table, input);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cf177be4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,905 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_TABLE_DRIVEN_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_TABLE_DRIVEN_LITE_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+
+enum StringType {
+  StringType_STRING = 0,
+  StringType_INLINED = 3
+};
+
+// Logically a superset of StringType, consisting of all field types that
+// require special initialization.
+enum ProcessingType {
+  ProcessingType_STRING = 0,
+  ProcessingType_CORD = 1,
+  ProcessingType_STRING_PIECE = 2,
+  ProcessingType_INLINED = 3,
+  ProcessingType_MESSAGE = 4,
+};
+
+enum Cardinality {
+  Cardinality_SINGULAR = 0,
+  Cardinality_REPEATED = 1,
+  Cardinality_ONEOF = 3
+};
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline Type* Raw(MessageLite* msg, int64 offset) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<Type*>(reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(msg) + offset);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline const Type* Raw(const MessageLite* msg, int64 offset) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const Type*>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(msg) +
+                                       offset);
+}
+
+template <typename InternalMetadata>
+inline Arena* GetArena(MessageLite* msg, int64 arena_offset) {
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(arena_offset == -1)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return Raw<InternalMetadata>(msg, arena_offset)->arena();
+}
+
+inline ExtensionSet* GetExtensionSet(MessageLite* msg, int64 extension_offset) {
+  if (extension_offset == -1) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return Raw<ExtensionSet>(msg, extension_offset);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline Type* AddField(MessageLite* msg, int64 offset) {
+  static_assert(std::is_pod<Type>::value ||
+                    std::is_same<Type, InlinedStringField>::value,
+                "Do not assign");
+
+  RepeatedField<Type>* repeated = Raw<RepeatedField<Type>>(msg, offset);
+  return repeated->Add();
+}
+
+template <>
+inline std::string* AddField<std::string>(MessageLite* msg, int64 offset) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* repeated =
+      Raw<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>>(msg, offset);
+  return repeated->Add();
+}
+
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline void AddField(MessageLite* msg, int64 offset, Type value) {
+  static_assert(std::is_pod<Type>::value,
+                "Do not assign");
+  *AddField<Type>(msg, offset) = value;
+}
+
+inline void SetBit(uint32* has_bits, uint32 has_bit_index) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(has_bits != nullptr);
+
+  uint32 mask = static_cast<uint32>(1u) << (has_bit_index % 32);
+  has_bits[has_bit_index / 32u] |= mask;
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline Type* MutableField(MessageLite* msg, uint32* has_bits,
+                          uint32 has_bit_index, int64 offset) {
+  SetBit(has_bits, has_bit_index);
+  return Raw<Type>(msg, offset);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline void SetField(MessageLite* msg, uint32* has_bits, uint32 has_bit_index,
+                     int64 offset, Type value) {
+  static_assert(std::is_pod<Type>::value,
+                "Do not assign");
+  *MutableField<Type>(msg, has_bits, has_bit_index, offset) = value;
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline void SetOneofField(MessageLite* msg, uint32* oneof_case,
+                          uint32 oneof_case_index, int64 offset,
+                          int field_number, Type value) {
+  oneof_case[oneof_case_index] = field_number;
+  *Raw<Type>(msg, offset) = value;
+}
+
+// Clears a oneof field. The field argument should correspond to the particular
+// field that is currently set in the oneof.
+inline void ClearOneofField(const ParseTableField& field, Arena* arena,
+                            MessageLite* msg) {
+  switch (field.processing_type & kTypeMask) {
+    case WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      if (arena == NULL) {
+        delete *Raw<MessageLite*>(msg, field.offset);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING:
+    case WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES:
+      Raw<ArenaStringPtr>(msg, field.offset)
+          ->Destroy(&GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), arena);
+      break;
+
+    case TYPE_STRING_INLINED:
+    case TYPE_BYTES_INLINED:
+      Raw<InlinedStringField>(msg, field.offset)->DestroyNoArena(NULL);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      // No cleanup needed.
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+// Clears and reinitializes a oneof field as necessary, in preparation for
+// parsing a new value with type field_type and field number field_number.
+//
+// Note: the oneof_case argument should point directly to the _oneof_case_
+// element corresponding to this particular oneof, not to the beginning of the
+// _oneof_case_ array.
+template <ProcessingType field_type>
+inline void ResetOneofField(const ParseTable& table, int field_number,
+                            Arena* arena, MessageLite* msg, uint32* oneof_case,
+                            int64 offset, const void* default_ptr) {
+  if (*oneof_case == field_number) {
+    // The oneof is already set to the right type, so there is no need to clear
+    // it.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (*oneof_case != 0) {
+    ClearOneofField(table.fields[*oneof_case], arena, msg);
+  }
+  *oneof_case = field_number;
+
+  switch (field_type) {
+    case ProcessingType_STRING:
+      Raw<ArenaStringPtr>(msg, offset)
+          ->UnsafeSetDefault(static_cast<const std::string*>(default_ptr));
+      break;
+    case ProcessingType_INLINED:
+      new (Raw<InlinedStringField>(msg, offset))
+          InlinedStringField(*static_cast<const std::string*>(default_ptr));
+      break;
+    case ProcessingType_MESSAGE:
+      MessageLite** submessage = Raw<MessageLite*>(msg, offset);
+      const MessageLite* prototype =
+          table.aux[field_number].messages.default_message();
+      *submessage = prototype->New(arena);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename UnknownFieldHandler, Cardinality cardinality,
+          bool is_string_type, StringType ctype>
+static inline bool HandleString(io::CodedInputStream* input, MessageLite* msg,
+                                Arena* arena, uint32* has_bits,
+                                uint32 has_bit_index, int64 offset,
+                                const void* default_ptr,
+                                const char* field_name) {
+  StringPiece utf8_string_data;
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+  constexpr bool kValidateUtf8 = is_string_type;
+#else
+  constexpr bool kValidateUtf8 = false;
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+
+  switch (ctype) {
+    case StringType_INLINED: {
+      InlinedStringField* s = nullptr;
+      switch (cardinality) {
+        case Cardinality_SINGULAR:
+          // TODO(ckennelly): Is this optimal?
+          s = MutableField<InlinedStringField>(msg, has_bits, has_bit_index,
+                                               offset);
+          break;
+        case Cardinality_REPEATED:
+          s = AddField<InlinedStringField>(msg, offset);
+          break;
+        case Cardinality_ONEOF:
+          s = Raw<InlinedStringField>(msg, offset);
+          break;
+      }
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(s != nullptr);
+      std::string* value = s->MutableNoArena(NULL);
+      if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!WireFormatLite::ReadString(input, value))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      utf8_string_data = *value;
+      break;
+    }
+    case StringType_STRING: {
+      switch (cardinality) {
+        case Cardinality_SINGULAR: {
+          ArenaStringPtr* field = MutableField<ArenaStringPtr>(
+              msg, has_bits, has_bit_index, offset);
+          std::string* value = field->Mutable(
+              static_cast<const std::string*>(default_ptr), arena);
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  !WireFormatLite::ReadString(input, value))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          utf8_string_data = field->Get();
+        } break;
+        case Cardinality_REPEATED: {
+          std::string* value = AddField<std::string>(msg, offset);
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  !WireFormatLite::ReadString(input, value))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          utf8_string_data = *value;
+        } break;
+        case Cardinality_ONEOF: {
+          ArenaStringPtr* field = Raw<ArenaStringPtr>(msg, offset);
+          std::string* value = field->Mutable(
+              static_cast<const std::string*>(default_ptr), arena);
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  !WireFormatLite::ReadString(input, value))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          utf8_string_data = field->Get();
+        } break;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (kValidateUtf8) {
+    // TODO(b/118759213): fail if proto3
+    WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(utf8_string_data.data(),
+                                     utf8_string_data.length(),
+                                     WireFormatLite::PARSE, field_name);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename UnknownFieldHandler, typename InternalMetadata,
+          Cardinality cardinality>
+inline bool HandleEnum(const ParseTable& table, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                       MessageLite* msg, uint32* presence,
+                       uint32 presence_index, int64 offset, uint32 tag,
+                       int field_number) {
+  int value;
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+          (!WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<int, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(
+              input, &value)))) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  AuxillaryParseTableField::EnumValidator validator =
+      table.aux[field_number].enums.validator;
+  if (validator == nullptr || validator(value)) {
+    switch (cardinality) {
+      case Cardinality_SINGULAR:
+        SetField(msg, presence, presence_index, offset, value);
+        break;
+      case Cardinality_REPEATED:
+        AddField(msg, offset, value);
+        break;
+      case Cardinality_ONEOF:
+        ClearOneofField(table.fields[presence[presence_index]],
+                        GetArena<InternalMetadata>(msg, table.arena_offset),
+                        msg);
+        SetOneofField(msg, presence, presence_index, offset, field_number,
+                      value);
+        break;
+    }
+  } else {
+    UnknownFieldHandler::Varint(msg, table, tag, value);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// RepeatedMessageTypeHandler allows us to operate on RepeatedPtrField fields
+// without instantiating the specific template.
+class RepeatedMessageTypeHandler {
+ public:
+  typedef MessageLite Type;
+  typedef MessageLite WeakType;
+  static Arena* GetArena(Type* t) { return t->GetArena(); }
+  static void* GetMaybeArenaPointer(Type* t) {
+    return t->GetMaybeArenaPointer();
+  }
+  static inline Type* NewFromPrototype(const Type* prototype,
+                                       Arena* arena = NULL) {
+    return prototype->New(arena);
+  }
+  static void Delete(Type* t, Arena* arena = NULL) {
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      delete t;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+class MergePartialFromCodedStreamHelper {
+ public:
+  static MessageLite* Add(RepeatedPtrFieldBase* field,
+                          const MessageLite* prototype) {
+    return field->Add<RepeatedMessageTypeHandler>(
+        const_cast<MessageLite*>(prototype));
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename UnknownFieldHandler, typename InternalMetadata,
+          uint32 kMaxTag>
+bool MergePartialFromCodedStreamInlined(MessageLite* msg,
+                                        const ParseTable& table,
+                                        io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  // We require that has_bits are present, as to avoid having to check for them
+  // for every field.
+  //
+  // TODO(ckennelly):  Make this a compile-time parameter with templates.
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(table.has_bits_offset, 0);
+  uint32* has_bits = Raw<uint32>(msg, table.has_bits_offset);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(has_bits != NULL);
+
+  while (true) {
+    uint32 tag = input->ReadTagWithCutoffNoLastTag(kMaxTag).first;
+    const WireFormatLite::WireType wire_type =
+        WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag);
+    const int field_number = WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag);
+
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(field_number > table.max_field_number)) {
+      // check for possible extensions
+      if (UnknownFieldHandler::ParseExtension(msg, table, input, tag)) {
+        // successfully parsed
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+              !UnknownFieldHandler::Skip(msg, table, input, tag))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // We implicitly verify that data points to a valid field as we check the
+    // wire types.  Entries in table.fields[i] that do not correspond to valid
+    // field numbers have their normal_wiretype and packed_wiretype fields set
+    // with the kInvalidMask value.  As wire_type cannot take on that value, we
+    // will never match.
+    const ParseTableField* data = table.fields + field_number;
+
+    // TODO(ckennelly): Avoid sign extension
+    const int64 presence_index = data->presence_index;
+    const int64 offset = data->offset;
+    const unsigned char processing_type = data->processing_type;
+
+    if (data->normal_wiretype == static_cast<unsigned char>(wire_type)) {
+      // TODO(ckennelly): Use a computed goto on GCC/LLVM or otherwise eliminate
+      // the bounds check on processing_type.
+
+      switch (processing_type) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(TYPE, CPPTYPE)                                             \
+  case (WireFormatLite::TYPE_##TYPE): {                                        \
+    CPPTYPE value;                                                             \
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(                                                \
+            (!WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<                                   \
+                CPPTYPE, WireFormatLite::TYPE_##TYPE>(input, &value)))) {      \
+      return false;                                                            \
+    }                                                                          \
+    SetField(msg, has_bits, presence_index, offset, value);                    \
+    break;                                                                     \
+  }                                                                            \
+  case (WireFormatLite::TYPE_##TYPE) | kRepeatedMask: {                        \
+    RepeatedField<CPPTYPE>* values = Raw<RepeatedField<CPPTYPE>>(msg, offset); \
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE((!WireFormatLite::ReadRepeatedPrimitive<        \
+                                CPPTYPE, WireFormatLite::TYPE_##TYPE>(         \
+            data->tag_size, tag, input, values)))) {                           \
+      return false;                                                            \
+    }                                                                          \
+    break;                                                                     \
+  }                                                                            \
+  case (WireFormatLite::TYPE_##TYPE) | kOneofMask: {                           \
+    uint32* oneof_case = Raw<uint32>(msg, table.oneof_case_offset);            \
+    CPPTYPE value;                                                             \
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(                                                \
+            (!WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<                                   \
+                CPPTYPE, WireFormatLite::TYPE_##TYPE>(input, &value)))) {      \
+      return false;                                                            \
+    }                                                                          \
+    ClearOneofField(table.fields[oneof_case[presence_index]],                  \
+                    GetArena<InternalMetadata>(msg, table.arena_offset), msg); \
+    SetOneofField(msg, oneof_case, presence_index, offset, field_number,       \
+                  value);                                                      \
+    break;                                                                     \
+  }
+
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32)
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64)
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SINT32, int32)
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SINT64, int64)
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32)
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64)
+
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED32, uint32)
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED64, uint64)
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED32, int32)
+        HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED64, int64)
+
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float)
+        HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double)
+
+        HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool)
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES:
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING:
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+        {
+          Arena* const arena =
+              GetArena<InternalMetadata>(msg, table.arena_offset);
+          const void* default_ptr = table.aux[field_number].strings.default_ptr;
+
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  (!HandleString<UnknownFieldHandler, Cardinality_SINGULAR,
+                                 false, StringType_STRING>(
+                      input, msg, arena, has_bits, presence_index, offset,
+                      default_ptr, nullptr)))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case TYPE_BYTES_INLINED:
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+        case TYPE_STRING_INLINED:
+#endif  // !GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+        {
+          Arena* const arena =
+              GetArena<InternalMetadata>(msg, table.arena_offset);
+          const void* default_ptr = table.aux[field_number].strings.default_ptr;
+
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  (!HandleString<UnknownFieldHandler, Cardinality_SINGULAR,
+                                 false, StringType_INLINED>(
+                      input, msg, arena, has_bits, presence_index, offset,
+                      default_ptr, nullptr)))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES | kOneofMask:
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING | kOneofMask:
+#endif  // !GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+        {
+          Arena* const arena =
+              GetArena<InternalMetadata>(msg, table.arena_offset);
+          uint32* oneof_case = Raw<uint32>(msg, table.oneof_case_offset);
+          const void* default_ptr = table.aux[field_number].strings.default_ptr;
+
+          ResetOneofField<ProcessingType_STRING>(
+              table, field_number, arena, msg, oneof_case + presence_index,
+              offset, default_ptr);
+
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  (!HandleString<UnknownFieldHandler, Cardinality_ONEOF, false,
+                                 StringType_STRING>(input, msg, arena, has_bits,
+                                                    presence_index, offset,
+                                                    default_ptr, nullptr)))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case (WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES) | kRepeatedMask:
+        case TYPE_BYTES_INLINED | kRepeatedMask:
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+        case (WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING) | kRepeatedMask:
+        case TYPE_STRING_INLINED | kRepeatedMask:
+#endif  // !GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+        {
+          Arena* const arena =
+              GetArena<InternalMetadata>(msg, table.arena_offset);
+          const void* default_ptr = table.aux[field_number].strings.default_ptr;
+
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  (!HandleString<UnknownFieldHandler, Cardinality_REPEATED,
+                                 false, StringType_STRING>(
+                      input, msg, arena, has_bits, presence_index, offset,
+                      default_ptr, nullptr)))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+        case (WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING): {
+          Arena* const arena =
+              GetArena<InternalMetadata>(msg, table.arena_offset);
+          const void* default_ptr = table.aux[field_number].strings.default_ptr;
+          const char* field_name = table.aux[field_number].strings.field_name;
+
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  (!HandleString<UnknownFieldHandler, Cardinality_SINGULAR,
+                                 true, StringType_STRING>(
+                      input, msg, arena, has_bits, presence_index, offset,
+                      default_ptr, field_name)))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case TYPE_STRING_INLINED | kRepeatedMask:
+        case (WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING) | kRepeatedMask: {
+          Arena* const arena =
+              GetArena<InternalMetadata>(msg, table.arena_offset);
+          const void* default_ptr = table.aux[field_number].strings.default_ptr;
+          const char* field_name = table.aux[field_number].strings.field_name;
+
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  (!HandleString<UnknownFieldHandler, Cardinality_REPEATED,
+                                 true, StringType_STRING>(
+                      input, msg, arena, has_bits, presence_index, offset,
+                      default_ptr, field_name)))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case (WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING) | kOneofMask: {
+          Arena* const arena =
+              GetArena<InternalMetadata>(msg, table.arena_offset);
+          uint32* oneof_case = Raw<uint32>(msg, table.oneof_case_offset);
+          const void* default_ptr = table.aux[field_number].strings.default_ptr;
+          const char* field_name = table.aux[field_number].strings.field_name;
+
+          ResetOneofField<ProcessingType_STRING>(
+              table, field_number, arena, msg, oneof_case + presence_index,
+              offset, default_ptr);
+
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  (!HandleString<UnknownFieldHandler, Cardinality_ONEOF, true,
+                                 StringType_STRING>(
+                      input, msg, arena, has_bits, presence_index, offset,
+                      default_ptr, field_name)))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM: {
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  (!HandleEnum<UnknownFieldHandler, InternalMetadata,
+                               Cardinality_SINGULAR>(
+                      table, input, msg, has_bits, presence_index, offset, tag,
+                      field_number)))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM | kRepeatedMask: {
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  (!HandleEnum<UnknownFieldHandler, InternalMetadata,
+                               Cardinality_REPEATED>(
+                      table, input, msg, has_bits, presence_index, offset, tag,
+                      field_number)))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM | kOneofMask: {
+          uint32* oneof_case = Raw<uint32>(msg, table.oneof_case_offset);
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  (!HandleEnum<UnknownFieldHandler, InternalMetadata,
+                               Cardinality_ONEOF>(table, input, msg, oneof_case,
+                                                  presence_index, offset, tag,
+                                                  field_number)))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP: {
+          MessageLite** submsg_holder =
+              MutableField<MessageLite*>(msg, has_bits, presence_index, offset);
+          MessageLite* submsg = *submsg_holder;
+
+          if (submsg == NULL) {
+            Arena* const arena =
+                GetArena<InternalMetadata>(msg, table.arena_offset);
+            const MessageLite* prototype =
+                table.aux[field_number].messages.default_message();
+            submsg = prototype->New(arena);
+            *submsg_holder = submsg;
+          }
+
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  !WireFormatLite::ReadGroup(field_number, input, submsg))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+
+          break;
+        }
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP | kRepeatedMask: {
+          RepeatedPtrFieldBase* field = Raw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(msg, offset);
+          const MessageLite* prototype =
+              table.aux[field_number].messages.default_message();
+          GOOGLE_DCHECK(prototype != NULL);
+
+          MessageLite* submsg =
+              MergePartialFromCodedStreamHelper::Add(field, prototype);
+
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  !WireFormatLite::ReadGroup(field_number, input, submsg))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+
+          break;
+        }
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+          MessageLite** submsg_holder =
+              MutableField<MessageLite*>(msg, has_bits, presence_index, offset);
+          MessageLite* submsg = *submsg_holder;
+
+          if (submsg == NULL) {
+            Arena* const arena =
+                GetArena<InternalMetadata>(msg, table.arena_offset);
+            const MessageLite* prototype =
+                table.aux[field_number].messages.default_message();
+            if (prototype == NULL) {
+              prototype = ImplicitWeakMessage::default_instance();
+            }
+            submsg = prototype->New(arena);
+            *submsg_holder = submsg;
+          }
+
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  !WireFormatLite::ReadMessage(input, submsg))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+
+          break;
+        }
+        // TODO(ckennelly):  Adapt ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth and
+        // manage input->IncrementRecursionDepth() here.
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE | kRepeatedMask: {
+          RepeatedPtrFieldBase* field = Raw<RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(msg, offset);
+          const MessageLite* prototype =
+              table.aux[field_number].messages.default_message();
+          if (prototype == NULL) {
+            prototype = ImplicitWeakMessage::default_instance();
+          }
+
+          MessageLite* submsg =
+              MergePartialFromCodedStreamHelper::Add(field, prototype);
+
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  !WireFormatLite::ReadMessage(input, submsg))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+
+          break;
+        }
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE | kOneofMask: {
+          Arena* const arena =
+              GetArena<InternalMetadata>(msg, table.arena_offset);
+          uint32* oneof_case = Raw<uint32>(msg, table.oneof_case_offset);
+          MessageLite** submsg_holder = Raw<MessageLite*>(msg, offset);
+          ResetOneofField<ProcessingType_MESSAGE>(
+              table, field_number, arena, msg, oneof_case + presence_index,
+              offset, NULL);
+          MessageLite* submsg = *submsg_holder;
+
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  !WireFormatLite::ReadMessage(input, submsg))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+
+          break;
+        }
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+        case TYPE_STRING_INLINED: {
+          Arena* const arena =
+              GetArena<InternalMetadata>(msg, table.arena_offset);
+          const void* default_ptr = table.aux[field_number].strings.default_ptr;
+          const char* field_name = table.aux[field_number].strings.field_name;
+
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                  (!HandleString<UnknownFieldHandler, Cardinality_SINGULAR,
+                                 true, StringType_INLINED>(
+                      input, msg, arena, has_bits, presence_index, offset,
+                      default_ptr, field_name)))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+        case TYPE_MAP: {
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(*table.aux[field_number].maps.parse_map)(
+                  input, Raw<void>(msg, offset)))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case 0: {
+          // Done.
+          input->SetLastTag(tag);
+          return true;
+        }
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+    } else if (data->packed_wiretype == static_cast<unsigned char>(wire_type)) {
+      // Non-packable fields have their packed_wiretype masked with
+      // kNotPackedMask, which is impossible to match here.
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(processing_type & kRepeatedMask);
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(processing_type, kRepeatedMask);
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(0, processing_type & kOneofMask);
+
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(TYPE_BYTES_INLINED | kRepeatedMask, processing_type);
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(TYPE_STRING_INLINED | kRepeatedMask, processing_type);
+
+      // TODO(ckennelly): Use a computed goto on GCC/LLVM.
+      //
+      // Mask out kRepeatedMask bit, allowing the jump table to be smaller.
+      switch (static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(processing_type ^
+                                                     kRepeatedMask)) {
+#define HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(TYPE, CPPTYPE, CPPTYPE_METHOD)                      \
+  case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##TYPE: {                                          \
+    RepeatedField<CPPTYPE>* values = Raw<RepeatedField<CPPTYPE>>(msg, offset); \
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(                                                \
+            (!WireFormatLite::ReadPackedPrimitive<                             \
+                CPPTYPE, WireFormatLite::TYPE_##TYPE>(input, values)))) {      \
+      return false;                                                            \
+    }                                                                          \
+    break;                                                                     \
+  }
+
+        HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(INT32, int32, Int32)
+        HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(INT64, int64, Int64)
+        HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(SINT32, int32, Int32)
+        HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(SINT64, int64, Int64)
+        HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(UINT32, uint32, UInt32)
+        HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(UINT64, uint64, UInt64)
+
+        HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(FIXED32, uint32, UInt32)
+        HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(FIXED64, uint64, UInt64)
+        HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(SFIXED32, int32, Int32)
+        HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(SFIXED64, int64, Int64)
+
+        HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(FLOAT, float, Float)
+        HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(DOUBLE, double, Double)
+
+        HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(BOOL, bool, Bool)
+#undef HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM: {
+          // To avoid unnecessarily calling MutableUnknownFields (which mutates
+          // InternalMetadataWithArena) when all inputs in the repeated series
+          // are valid, we implement our own parser rather than call
+          // WireFormat::ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns.
+          uint32 length;
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!input->ReadVarint32(&length))) {
+            return false;
+          }
+
+          AuxillaryParseTableField::EnumValidator validator =
+              table.aux[field_number].enums.validator;
+          RepeatedField<int>* values = Raw<RepeatedField<int>>(msg, offset);
+
+          io::CodedInputStream::Limit limit = input->PushLimit(length);
+          while (input->BytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+            int value;
+            if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+                    (!WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                        int, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(input, &value)))) {
+              return false;
+            }
+
+            if (validator == nullptr || validator(value)) {
+              values->Add(value);
+            } else {
+              // TODO(ckennelly): Consider caching here.
+              UnknownFieldHandler::Varint(msg, table, tag, value);
+            }
+          }
+          input->PopLimit(limit);
+
+          break;
+        }
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING:
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP:
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+        case WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES:
+          GOOGLE_DCHECK(false);
+          return false;
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (wire_type == WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+        // Must be the end of the message.
+        input->SetLastTag(tag);
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      // check for possible extensions
+      if (UnknownFieldHandler::ParseExtension(msg, table, input, tag)) {
+        // successfully parsed
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // process unknown field.
+      if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+              !UnknownFieldHandler::Skip(msg, table, input, tag))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename UnknownFieldHandler, typename InternalMetadata>
+bool MergePartialFromCodedStreamImpl(MessageLite* msg, const ParseTable& table,
+                                     io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  // The main beneficial cutoff values are 1 and 2 byte tags.
+  // Instantiate calls with the appropriate upper tag range
+  if (table.max_field_number <= (0x7F >> 3)) {
+    return MergePartialFromCodedStreamInlined<UnknownFieldHandler,
+                                              InternalMetadata, 0x7F>(
+        msg, table, input);
+  } else if (table.max_field_number <= (0x3FFF >> 3)) {
+    return MergePartialFromCodedStreamInlined<UnknownFieldHandler,
+                                              InternalMetadata, 0x3FFF>(
+        msg, table, input);
+  } else {
+    return MergePartialFromCodedStreamInlined<
+        UnknownFieldHandler, InternalMetadata,
+        std::numeric_limits<uint32>::max()>(msg, table, input);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_TABLE_DRIVEN_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bdeabddf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,831 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+
+#include <limits>
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SUPPORT_WINDOWS_XP
+// We're only using this as a standard way for getting the thread id.
+// We're not using any thread functionality.
+#include <thread>  // NOLINT
+#endif             // #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SUPPORT_WINDOWS_XP
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+void DestroyMessage(const void* message) {
+  static_cast<const MessageLite*>(message)->~MessageLite();
+}
+void DestroyString(const void* s) {
+  static_cast<const std::string*>(s)->~string();
+}
+
+ExplicitlyConstructed<std::string> fixed_address_empty_string;
+
+
+static bool InitProtobufDefaultsImpl() {
+  fixed_address_empty_string.DefaultConstruct();
+  OnShutdownDestroyString(fixed_address_empty_string.get_mutable());
+  return true;
+}
+
+void InitProtobufDefaults() {
+  static bool is_inited = InitProtobufDefaultsImpl();
+  (void)is_inited;
+}
+
+size_t StringSpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong(const std::string& str) {
+  const void* start = &str;
+  const void* end = &str + 1;
+  if (start <= str.data() && str.data() < end) {
+    // The string's data is stored inside the string object itself.
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    return str.capacity();
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+const T& Get(const void* ptr) {
+  return *static_cast<const T*>(ptr);
+}
+
+// PrimitiveTypeHelper is a wrapper around the interface of WireFormatLite.
+// WireFormatLite has a very inconvenient interface with respect to template
+// meta-programming. This class wraps the different named functions into
+// a single Serialize / SerializeToArray interface.
+template <int type>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper;
+
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL> {
+  typedef bool Type;
+  static void Serialize(const void* ptr, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteBoolNoTag(Get<bool>(ptr), output);
+  }
+  static uint8* SerializeToArray(const void* ptr, uint8* buffer) {
+    return WireFormatLite::WriteBoolNoTagToArray(Get<Type>(ptr), buffer);
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32> {
+  typedef int32 Type;
+  static void Serialize(const void* ptr, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteInt32NoTag(Get<int32>(ptr), output);
+  }
+  static uint8* SerializeToArray(const void* ptr, uint8* buffer) {
+    return WireFormatLite::WriteInt32NoTagToArray(Get<Type>(ptr), buffer);
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_SINT32> {
+  typedef int32 Type;
+  static void Serialize(const void* ptr, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteSInt32NoTag(Get<int32>(ptr), output);
+  }
+  static uint8* SerializeToArray(const void* ptr, uint8* buffer) {
+    return WireFormatLite::WriteSInt32NoTagToArray(Get<Type>(ptr), buffer);
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT32> {
+  typedef uint32 Type;
+  static void Serialize(const void* ptr, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32NoTag(Get<uint32>(ptr), output);
+  }
+  static uint8* SerializeToArray(const void* ptr, uint8* buffer) {
+    return WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32NoTagToArray(Get<Type>(ptr), buffer);
+  }
+};
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT64> {
+  typedef int64 Type;
+  static void Serialize(const void* ptr, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteInt64NoTag(Get<int64>(ptr), output);
+  }
+  static uint8* SerializeToArray(const void* ptr, uint8* buffer) {
+    return WireFormatLite::WriteInt64NoTagToArray(Get<Type>(ptr), buffer);
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_SINT64> {
+  typedef int64 Type;
+  static void Serialize(const void* ptr, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteSInt64NoTag(Get<int64>(ptr), output);
+  }
+  static uint8* SerializeToArray(const void* ptr, uint8* buffer) {
+    return WireFormatLite::WriteSInt64NoTagToArray(Get<Type>(ptr), buffer);
+  }
+};
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT64> {
+  typedef uint64 Type;
+  static void Serialize(const void* ptr, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64NoTag(Get<uint64>(ptr), output);
+  }
+  static uint8* SerializeToArray(const void* ptr, uint8* buffer) {
+    return WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64NoTagToArray(Get<Type>(ptr), buffer);
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_FIXED32> {
+  typedef uint32 Type;
+  static void Serialize(const void* ptr, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteFixed32NoTag(Get<uint32>(ptr), output);
+  }
+  static uint8* SerializeToArray(const void* ptr, uint8* buffer) {
+    return WireFormatLite::WriteFixed32NoTagToArray(Get<Type>(ptr), buffer);
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_FIXED64> {
+  typedef uint64 Type;
+  static void Serialize(const void* ptr, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteFixed64NoTag(Get<uint64>(ptr), output);
+  }
+  static uint8* SerializeToArray(const void* ptr, uint8* buffer) {
+    return WireFormatLite::WriteFixed64NoTagToArray(Get<Type>(ptr), buffer);
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>
+    : PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32> {};
+
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_SFIXED32>
+    : PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_FIXED32> {
+  typedef int32 Type;
+};
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_SFIXED64>
+    : PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_FIXED64> {
+  typedef int64 Type;
+};
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_FLOAT>
+    : PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_FIXED32> {
+  typedef float Type;
+};
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_DOUBLE>
+    : PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_FIXED64> {
+  typedef double Type;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING> {
+  typedef std::string Type;
+  static void Serialize(const void* ptr, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    const Type& value = *static_cast<const Type*>(ptr);
+    output->WriteVarint32(value.size());
+    output->WriteRawMaybeAliased(value.data(), value.size());
+  }
+  static uint8* SerializeToArray(const void* ptr, uint8* buffer) {
+    const Type& value = *static_cast<const Type*>(ptr);
+    return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteStringWithSizeToArray(value, buffer);
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES>
+    : PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING> {};
+
+
+template <>
+struct PrimitiveTypeHelper<FieldMetadata::kInlinedType>
+    : PrimitiveTypeHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING> {};
+
+// We want to serialize to both CodedOutputStream and directly into byte arrays
+// without duplicating the code. In fact we might want extra output channels in
+// the future.
+template <typename O, int type>
+struct OutputHelper;
+
+template <int type, typename O>
+void SerializeTo(const void* ptr, O* output) {
+  OutputHelper<O, type>::Serialize(ptr, output);
+}
+
+template <typename O>
+void WriteTagTo(uint32 tag, O* output) {
+  SerializeTo<WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT32>(&tag, output);
+}
+
+template <typename O>
+void WriteLengthTo(uint32 length, O* output) {
+  SerializeTo<WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT32>(&length, output);
+}
+
+// Specialization for coded output stream
+template <int type>
+struct OutputHelper<io::CodedOutputStream, type> {
+  static void Serialize(const void* ptr, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    PrimitiveTypeHelper<type>::Serialize(ptr, output);
+  }
+};
+
+// Specialization for writing into a plain array
+struct ArrayOutput {
+  uint8* ptr;
+  bool is_deterministic;
+};
+
+template <int type>
+struct OutputHelper<ArrayOutput, type> {
+  static void Serialize(const void* ptr, ArrayOutput* output) {
+    output->ptr = PrimitiveTypeHelper<type>::SerializeToArray(ptr, output->ptr);
+  }
+};
+
+void SerializeMessageNoTable(const MessageLite* msg,
+                             io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  msg->SerializeWithCachedSizes(output);
+}
+
+void SerializeMessageNoTable(const MessageLite* msg, ArrayOutput* output) {
+  io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(output->ptr, INT_MAX);
+  io::CodedOutputStream o(&array_stream);
+  o.SetSerializationDeterministic(output->is_deterministic);
+  msg->SerializeWithCachedSizes(&o);
+  output->ptr += o.ByteCount();
+}
+
+// Helper to branch to fast path if possible
+void SerializeMessageDispatch(const MessageLite& msg,
+                              const FieldMetadata* field_table, int num_fields,
+                              int32 cached_size,
+                              io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  const uint8* base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(&msg);
+  SerializeInternal(base, field_table, num_fields, output);
+}
+
+// Helper to branch to fast path if possible
+void SerializeMessageDispatch(const MessageLite& msg,
+                              const FieldMetadata* field_table, int num_fields,
+                              int32 cached_size, ArrayOutput* output) {
+  const uint8* base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(&msg);
+  output->ptr = SerializeInternalToArray(base, field_table, num_fields,
+                                         output->is_deterministic, output->ptr);
+}
+
+// Serializing messages is special as it's not a primitive type and needs an
+// explicit overload for each output type.
+template <typename O>
+void SerializeMessageTo(const MessageLite* msg, const void* table_ptr,
+                        O* output) {
+  const SerializationTable* table =
+      static_cast<const SerializationTable*>(table_ptr);
+  if (!table) {
+    // Proto1
+    WriteLengthTo(msg->GetCachedSize(), output);
+    SerializeMessageNoTable(msg, output);
+    return;
+  }
+  const FieldMetadata* field_table = table->field_table;
+  const uint8* base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(msg);
+  int cached_size = *reinterpret_cast<const int32*>(base + field_table->offset);
+  WriteLengthTo(cached_size, output);
+  int num_fields = table->num_fields - 1;
+  SerializeMessageDispatch(*msg, field_table + 1, num_fields, cached_size,
+                           output);
+}
+
+// Almost the same as above only it doesn't output the length field.
+template <typename O>
+void SerializeGroupTo(const MessageLite* msg, const void* table_ptr,
+                      O* output) {
+  const SerializationTable* table =
+      static_cast<const SerializationTable*>(table_ptr);
+  if (!table) {
+    // Proto1
+    SerializeMessageNoTable(msg, output);
+    return;
+  }
+  const FieldMetadata* field_table = table->field_table;
+  const uint8* base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(msg);
+  int cached_size = *reinterpret_cast<const int32*>(base + field_table->offset);
+  int num_fields = table->num_fields - 1;
+  SerializeMessageDispatch(*msg, field_table + 1, num_fields, cached_size,
+                           output);
+}
+
+template <int type>
+struct SingularFieldHelper {
+  template <typename O>
+  static void Serialize(const void* field, const FieldMetadata& md, O* output) {
+    WriteTagTo(md.tag, output);
+    SerializeTo<type>(field, output);
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct SingularFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING> {
+  template <typename O>
+  static void Serialize(const void* field, const FieldMetadata& md, O* output) {
+    WriteTagTo(md.tag, output);
+    SerializeTo<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING>(&Get<ArenaStringPtr>(field).Get(),
+                                             output);
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct SingularFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES>
+    : SingularFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING> {};
+
+template <>
+struct SingularFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP> {
+  template <typename O>
+  static void Serialize(const void* field, const FieldMetadata& md, O* output) {
+    WriteTagTo(md.tag, output);
+    SerializeGroupTo(Get<const MessageLite*>(field),
+                     static_cast<const SerializationTable*>(md.ptr), output);
+    WriteTagTo(md.tag + 1, output);
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct SingularFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE> {
+  template <typename O>
+  static void Serialize(const void* field, const FieldMetadata& md, O* output) {
+    WriteTagTo(md.tag, output);
+    SerializeMessageTo(Get<const MessageLite*>(field),
+                       static_cast<const SerializationTable*>(md.ptr), output);
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct SingularFieldHelper<FieldMetadata::kInlinedType> {
+  template <typename O>
+  static void Serialize(const void* field, const FieldMetadata& md, O* output) {
+    WriteTagTo(md.tag, output);
+    SerializeTo<FieldMetadata::kInlinedType>(&Get<std::string>(field), output);
+  }
+};
+
+template <int type>
+struct RepeatedFieldHelper {
+  template <typename O>
+  static void Serialize(const void* field, const FieldMetadata& md, O* output) {
+    typedef typename PrimitiveTypeHelper<type>::Type T;
+    const RepeatedField<T>& array = Get<RepeatedField<T> >(field);
+    for (int i = 0; i < array.size(); i++) {
+      WriteTagTo(md.tag, output);
+      SerializeTo<type>(&array[i], output);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// We need to use a helper class to get access to the private members
+class AccessorHelper {
+ public:
+  static int Size(const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& x) { return x.size(); }
+  static void const* Get(const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& x, int idx) {
+    return x.raw_data()[idx];
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct RepeatedFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING> {
+  template <typename O>
+  static void Serialize(const void* field, const FieldMetadata& md, O* output) {
+    const internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase& array =
+        Get<internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(field);
+    for (int i = 0; i < AccessorHelper::Size(array); i++) {
+      WriteTagTo(md.tag, output);
+      SerializeTo<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING>(AccessorHelper::Get(array, i),
+                                               output);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct RepeatedFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES>
+    : RepeatedFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING> {};
+
+template <>
+struct RepeatedFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP> {
+  template <typename O>
+  static void Serialize(const void* field, const FieldMetadata& md, O* output) {
+    const internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase& array =
+        Get<internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(field);
+    for (int i = 0; i < AccessorHelper::Size(array); i++) {
+      WriteTagTo(md.tag, output);
+      SerializeGroupTo(
+          static_cast<const MessageLite*>(AccessorHelper::Get(array, i)),
+          static_cast<const SerializationTable*>(md.ptr), output);
+      WriteTagTo(md.tag + 1, output);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct RepeatedFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE> {
+  template <typename O>
+  static void Serialize(const void* field, const FieldMetadata& md, O* output) {
+    const internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase& array =
+        Get<internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase>(field);
+    for (int i = 0; i < AccessorHelper::Size(array); i++) {
+      WriteTagTo(md.tag, output);
+      SerializeMessageTo(
+          static_cast<const MessageLite*>(AccessorHelper::Get(array, i)),
+          md.ptr, output);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+
+template <>
+struct RepeatedFieldHelper<FieldMetadata::kInlinedType>
+    : RepeatedFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING> {};
+
+template <int type>
+struct PackedFieldHelper {
+  template <typename O>
+  static void Serialize(const void* field, const FieldMetadata& md, O* output) {
+    typedef typename PrimitiveTypeHelper<type>::Type T;
+    const RepeatedField<T>& array = Get<RepeatedField<T> >(field);
+    if (array.empty()) return;
+    WriteTagTo(md.tag, output);
+    int cached_size =
+        Get<int>(static_cast<const uint8*>(field) + sizeof(RepeatedField<T>));
+    WriteLengthTo(cached_size, output);
+    for (int i = 0; i < array.size(); i++) {
+      SerializeTo<type>(&array[i], output);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct PackedFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING> {
+  template <typename O>
+  static void Serialize(const void* field, const FieldMetadata& md, O* output) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Not implemented field number " << md.tag << " with type "
+               << md.type;
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct PackedFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES>
+    : PackedFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING> {};
+template <>
+struct PackedFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP>
+    : PackedFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING> {};
+template <>
+struct PackedFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE>
+    : PackedFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING> {};
+template <>
+struct PackedFieldHelper<FieldMetadata::kInlinedType>
+    : PackedFieldHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING> {};
+
+template <int type>
+struct OneOfFieldHelper {
+  template <typename O>
+  static void Serialize(const void* field, const FieldMetadata& md, O* output) {
+    SingularFieldHelper<type>::Serialize(field, md, output);
+  }
+};
+
+
+template <>
+struct OneOfFieldHelper<FieldMetadata::kInlinedType> {
+  template <typename O>
+  static void Serialize(const void* field, const FieldMetadata& md, O* output) {
+    SingularFieldHelper<FieldMetadata::kInlinedType>::Serialize(
+        Get<const std::string*>(field), md, output);
+  }
+};
+
+void SerializeNotImplemented(int field) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Not implemented field number " << field;
+}
+
+// When switching to c++11 we should make these constexpr functions
+#define SERIALIZE_TABLE_OP(type, type_class) \
+  ((type - 1) + static_cast<int>(type_class) * FieldMetadata::kNumTypes)
+
+int FieldMetadata::CalculateType(int type,
+                                 FieldMetadata::FieldTypeClass type_class) {
+  return SERIALIZE_TABLE_OP(type, type_class);
+}
+
+template <int type>
+bool IsNull(const void* ptr) {
+  return *static_cast<const typename PrimitiveTypeHelper<type>::Type*>(ptr) ==
+         0;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool IsNull<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING>(const void* ptr) {
+  return static_cast<const ArenaStringPtr*>(ptr)->Get().size() == 0;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool IsNull<WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES>(const void* ptr) {
+  return static_cast<const ArenaStringPtr*>(ptr)->Get().size() == 0;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool IsNull<WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP>(const void* ptr) {
+  return Get<const MessageLite*>(ptr) == NULL;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool IsNull<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE>(const void* ptr) {
+  return Get<const MessageLite*>(ptr) == NULL;
+}
+
+
+template <>
+bool IsNull<FieldMetadata::kInlinedType>(const void* ptr) {
+  return static_cast<const std::string*>(ptr)->empty();
+}
+
+#define SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(type)                                            \
+  case SERIALIZE_TABLE_OP(type, FieldMetadata::kPresence):                    \
+    if (!IsPresent(base, field_metadata.has_offset)) continue;                \
+    SingularFieldHelper<type>::Serialize(ptr, field_metadata, output);        \
+    break;                                                                    \
+  case SERIALIZE_TABLE_OP(type, FieldMetadata::kNoPresence):                  \
+    if (IsNull<type>(ptr)) continue;                                          \
+    SingularFieldHelper<type>::Serialize(ptr, field_metadata, output);        \
+    break;                                                                    \
+  case SERIALIZE_TABLE_OP(type, FieldMetadata::kRepeated):                    \
+    RepeatedFieldHelper<type>::Serialize(ptr, field_metadata, output);        \
+    break;                                                                    \
+  case SERIALIZE_TABLE_OP(type, FieldMetadata::kPacked):                      \
+    PackedFieldHelper<type>::Serialize(ptr, field_metadata, output);          \
+    break;                                                                    \
+  case SERIALIZE_TABLE_OP(type, FieldMetadata::kOneOf):                       \
+    if (!IsOneofPresent(base, field_metadata.has_offset, field_metadata.tag)) \
+      continue;                                                               \
+    OneOfFieldHelper<type>::Serialize(ptr, field_metadata, output);           \
+    break
+
+void SerializeInternal(const uint8* base,
+                       const FieldMetadata* field_metadata_table,
+                       int32 num_fields, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  SpecialSerializer func = nullptr;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
+    const FieldMetadata& field_metadata = field_metadata_table[i];
+    const uint8* ptr = base + field_metadata.offset;
+    switch (field_metadata.type) {
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_DOUBLE);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_FLOAT);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT64);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT64);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_FIXED64);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_FIXED32);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT32);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_SFIXED32);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_SFIXED64);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_SINT32);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_SINT64);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(FieldMetadata::kInlinedType);
+
+      // Special cases
+      case FieldMetadata::kSpecial:
+        func = reinterpret_cast<SpecialSerializer>(
+            const_cast<void*>(field_metadata.ptr));
+        func(base, field_metadata.offset, field_metadata.tag,
+             field_metadata.has_offset, output);
+        break;
+      default:
+        // __builtin_unreachable()
+        SerializeNotImplemented(field_metadata.type);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+uint8* SerializeInternalToArray(const uint8* base,
+                                const FieldMetadata* field_metadata_table,
+                                int32 num_fields, bool is_deterministic,
+                                uint8* buffer) {
+  ArrayOutput array_output = {buffer, is_deterministic};
+  ArrayOutput* output = &array_output;
+  SpecialSerializer func = nullptr;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) {
+    const FieldMetadata& field_metadata = field_metadata_table[i];
+    const uint8* ptr = base + field_metadata.offset;
+    switch (field_metadata.type) {
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_DOUBLE);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_FLOAT);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT64);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT64);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_FIXED64);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_FIXED32);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_GROUP);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT32);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_SFIXED32);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_SFIXED64);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_SINT32);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(WireFormatLite::TYPE_SINT64);
+      SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE(FieldMetadata::kInlinedType);
+      // Special cases
+      case FieldMetadata::kSpecial: {
+        io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(array_output.ptr, INT_MAX);
+        io::CodedOutputStream output(&array_stream);
+        output.SetSerializationDeterministic(is_deterministic);
+        func = reinterpret_cast<SpecialSerializer>(
+            const_cast<void*>(field_metadata.ptr));
+        func(base, field_metadata.offset, field_metadata.tag,
+             field_metadata.has_offset, &output);
+        array_output.ptr += output.ByteCount();
+      } break;
+      default:
+        // __builtin_unreachable()
+        SerializeNotImplemented(field_metadata.type);
+    }
+  }
+  return array_output.ptr;
+}
+#undef SERIALIZERS_FOR_TYPE
+
+void ExtensionSerializer(const uint8* ptr, uint32 offset, uint32 tag,
+                         uint32 has_offset, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  reinterpret_cast<const ExtensionSet*>(ptr + offset)
+      ->SerializeWithCachedSizes(tag, has_offset, output);
+}
+
+void UnknownFieldSerializerLite(const uint8* ptr, uint32 offset, uint32 tag,
+                                uint32 has_offset,
+                                io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteString(
+      reinterpret_cast<const InternalMetadataWithArenaLite*>(ptr + offset)
+          ->unknown_fields());
+}
+
+MessageLite* DuplicateIfNonNullInternal(MessageLite* message) {
+  if (message) {
+    MessageLite* ret = message->New();
+    ret->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(*message);
+    return ret;
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+void GenericSwap(MessageLite* m1, MessageLite* m2) {
+  std::unique_ptr<MessageLite> tmp(m1->New());
+  tmp->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(*m1);
+  m1->Clear();
+  m1->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(*m2);
+  m2->Clear();
+  m2->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(*tmp);
+}
+
+// Returns a message owned by this Arena.  This may require Own()ing or
+// duplicating the message.
+MessageLite* GetOwnedMessageInternal(Arena* message_arena,
+                                     MessageLite* submessage,
+                                     Arena* submessage_arena) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(submessage->GetArena() == submessage_arena);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(message_arena != submessage_arena);
+  if (message_arena != NULL && submessage_arena == NULL) {
+    message_arena->Own(submessage);
+    return submessage;
+  } else {
+    MessageLite* ret = submessage->New(message_arena);
+    ret->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(*submessage);
+    return ret;
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+void InitSCC_DFS(SCCInfoBase* scc) {
+  if (scc->visit_status.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) !=
+      SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized)
+    return;
+  scc->visit_status.store(SCCInfoBase::kRunning, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  // Each base is followed by an array of void*, containing first pointers to
+  // SCCInfoBase and then pointers-to-pointers to SCCInfoBase.
+  auto deps = reinterpret_cast<void**>(scc + 1);
+  auto strong_deps = reinterpret_cast<SCCInfoBase* const*>(deps);
+  for (int i = 0; i < scc->num_deps; ++i) {
+    if (strong_deps[i]) InitSCC_DFS(strong_deps[i]);
+  }
+  auto implicit_weak_deps =
+      reinterpret_cast<SCCInfoBase** const*>(deps + scc->num_deps);
+  for (int i = 0; i < scc->num_implicit_weak_deps; ++i) {
+    if (*implicit_weak_deps[i]) {
+      InitSCC_DFS(*implicit_weak_deps[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  scc->init_func();
+  // Mark done (note we use memory order release here), other threads could
+  // now see this as initialized and thus the initialization must have happened
+  // before.
+  scc->visit_status.store(SCCInfoBase::kInitialized, std::memory_order_release);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void InitSCCImpl(SCCInfoBase* scc) {
+  static WrappedMutex mu{GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_LINKER_INITIALIZED};
+  // Either the default in case no initialization is running or the id of the
+  // thread that is currently initializing.
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SUPPORT_WINDOWS_XP
+  static std::atomic<std::thread::id> runner;
+  auto me = std::this_thread::get_id();
+#else
+  // This is a lightweight replacement for std::thread::id. std::thread does not
+  // work on Windows XP SP2 with the latest VC++ libraries, because it utilizes
+  // the Concurrency Runtime that is only supported on Windows XP SP3 and above.
+  static std::atomic_llong runner(-1);
+  auto me = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
+#endif  // #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SUPPORT_WINDOWS_XP
+
+  // This will only happen because the constructor will call InitSCC while
+  // constructing the default instance.
+  if (runner.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == me) {
+    // Because we're in the process of constructing the default instance.
+    // We can be assured that we're already exploring this SCC.
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(scc->visit_status.load(std::memory_order_relaxed),
+             SCCInfoBase::kRunning);
+    return;
+  }
+  InitProtobufDefaults();
+  mu.Lock();
+  runner.store(me, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  InitSCC_DFS(scc);
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SUPPORT_WINDOWS_XP
+  runner.store(std::thread::id{}, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+#else
+  runner.store(-1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+#endif  // #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SUPPORT_WINDOWS_XP
+
+  mu.Unlock();
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97546751f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file contains miscellaneous helper code used by generated code --
+// including lite types -- but which should not be used directly by users.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <climits>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/any.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/has_bits.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>  // Add direct dep on port for pb.cc
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Arena;
+
+namespace io {
+class CodedInputStream;
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename To, typename From>
+inline To DownCast(From* f) {
+  return PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::down_cast<To>(f);
+}
+template <typename To, typename From>
+inline To DownCast(From& f) {
+  return PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::down_cast<To>(f);
+}
+
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void InitProtobufDefaults();
+
+// This used by proto1
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT inline const std::string& GetEmptyString() {
+  InitProtobufDefaults();
+  return GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited();
+}
+
+
+// True if IsInitialized() is true for all elements of t.  Type is expected
+// to be a RepeatedPtrField<some message type>.  It's useful to have this
+// helper here to keep the protobuf compiler from ever having to emit loops in
+// IsInitialized() methods.  We want the C++ compiler to inline this or not
+// as it sees fit.
+template <typename Msg>
+bool AllAreInitialized(const RepeatedPtrField<Msg>& t) {
+  for (int i = t.size(); --i >= 0;) {
+    if (!t.Get(i).IsInitialized()) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// "Weak" variant of AllAreInitialized, used to implement implicit weak fields.
+// This version operates on MessageLite to avoid introducing a dependency on the
+// concrete message type.
+template <class T>
+bool AllAreInitializedWeak(const RepeatedPtrField<T>& t) {
+  for (int i = t.size(); --i >= 0;) {
+    if (!reinterpret_cast<const RepeatedPtrFieldBase&>(t)
+             .Get<ImplicitWeakTypeHandler<T> >(i)
+             .IsInitialized()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool IsPresent(const void* base, uint32 hasbit) {
+  const uint32* has_bits_array = static_cast<const uint32*>(base);
+  return (has_bits_array[hasbit / 32] & (1u << (hasbit & 31))) != 0;
+}
+
+inline bool IsOneofPresent(const void* base, uint32 offset, uint32 tag) {
+  const uint32* oneof =
+      reinterpret_cast<const uint32*>(static_cast<const uint8*>(base) + offset);
+  return *oneof == tag >> 3;
+}
+
+typedef void (*SpecialSerializer)(const uint8* base, uint32 offset, uint32 tag,
+                                  uint32 has_offset,
+                                  io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void ExtensionSerializer(const uint8* base, uint32 offset,
+                                         uint32 tag, uint32 has_offset,
+                                         io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void UnknownFieldSerializerLite(const uint8* base,
+                                                uint32 offset, uint32 tag,
+                                                uint32 has_offset,
+                                                io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageLite* DuplicateIfNonNullInternal(MessageLite* message);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageLite* GetOwnedMessageInternal(Arena* message_arena,
+                                                     MessageLite* submessage,
+                                                     Arena* submessage_arena);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void GenericSwap(MessageLite* m1, MessageLite* m2);
+
+template <typename T>
+T* DuplicateIfNonNull(T* message) {
+  // The casts must be reinterpret_cast<> because T might be a forward-declared
+  // type that the compiler doesn't know is related to MessageLite.
+  return reinterpret_cast<T*>(
+      DuplicateIfNonNullInternal(reinterpret_cast<MessageLite*>(message)));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+T* GetOwnedMessage(Arena* message_arena, T* submessage,
+                   Arena* submessage_arena) {
+  // The casts must be reinterpret_cast<> because T might be a forward-declared
+  // type that the compiler doesn't know is related to MessageLite.
+  return reinterpret_cast<T*>(GetOwnedMessageInternal(
+      message_arena, reinterpret_cast<MessageLite*>(submessage),
+      submessage_arena));
+}
+
+// Hide atomic from the public header and allow easy change to regular int
+// on platforms where the atomic might have a perf impact.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT CachedSize {
+ public:
+  int Get() const { return size_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed); }
+  void Set(int size) { size_.store(size, std::memory_order_relaxed); }
+
+ private:
+  std::atomic<int> size_{0};
+};
+
+// SCCInfo represents information of a strongly connected component of
+// mutual dependent messages.
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT SCCInfoBase {
+  // We use 0 for the Initialized state, because test eax,eax, jnz is smaller
+  // and is subject to macro fusion.
+  enum {
+    kInitialized = 0,  // final state
+    kRunning = 1,
+    kUninitialized = -1,  // initial state
+  };
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+  // MSVC doesnt make std::atomic constant initialized. This union trick
+  // makes it so.
+  union {
+    int visit_status_to_make_linker_init;
+    std::atomic<int> visit_status;
+  };
+#else
+  std::atomic<int> visit_status;
+#endif
+  int num_deps;
+  int num_implicit_weak_deps;
+  void (*init_func)();
+  // This is followed by an array  of num_deps
+  // const SCCInfoBase* deps[];
+};
+
+// Zero-length arrays are a language extension available in GCC and Clang but
+// not MSVC.
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define PROTOBUF_ARRAY_SIZE(n) (n)
+#else
+#define PROTOBUF_ARRAY_SIZE(n) ((n) ? (n) : 1)
+#endif
+
+template <int N>
+struct SCCInfo {
+  SCCInfoBase base;
+  // Semantically this is const SCCInfo<T>* which is is a templated type.
+  // The obvious inheriting from SCCInfoBase mucks with struct initialization.
+  // Attempts showed the compiler was generating dynamic initialization code.
+  // This deps array consists of base.num_deps pointers to SCCInfoBase followed
+  // by base.num_implicit_weak_deps pointers to SCCInfoBase*. We need the extra
+  // pointer indirection for implicit weak fields. We cannot use a union type
+  // here, since that would prevent the array from being linker-initialized.
+  void* deps[PROTOBUF_ARRAY_SIZE(N)];
+};
+
+#undef PROTOBUF_ARRAY_SIZE
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void InitSCCImpl(SCCInfoBase* scc);
+
+inline void InitSCC(SCCInfoBase* scc) {
+  auto status = scc->visit_status.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(status != SCCInfoBase::kInitialized))
+    InitSCCImpl(scc);
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void DestroyMessage(const void* message);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void DestroyString(const void* s);
+// Destroy (not delete) the message
+inline void OnShutdownDestroyMessage(const void* ptr) {
+  OnShutdownRun(DestroyMessage, ptr);
+}
+// Destroy the string (call std::string destructor)
+inline void OnShutdownDestroyString(const std::string* ptr) {
+  OnShutdownRun(DestroyString, ptr);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/has_bits.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/has_bits.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..540cac282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/has_bits.h
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_BITS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_BITS_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+template <size_t doublewords>
+class HasBits {
+ public:
+  HasBits() PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE { Clear(); }
+
+  void Clear() PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    memset(has_bits_, 0, sizeof(has_bits_));
+  }
+
+  uint32& operator[](int index) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    return has_bits_[index];
+  }
+
+  const uint32& operator[](int index) const PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    return has_bits_[index];
+  }
+
+  bool operator==(const HasBits<doublewords>& rhs) const {
+    return memcmp(has_bits_, rhs.has_bits_, sizeof(has_bits_)) == 0;
+  }
+
+  bool operator!=(const HasBits<doublewords>& rhs) const {
+    return !(*this == rhs);
+  }
+
+  void Or(const HasBits<doublewords>& rhs) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < doublewords; i++) has_bits_[i] |= rhs[i];
+  }
+
+  bool empty() const;
+
+ private:
+  uint32 has_bits_[doublewords];
+};
+
+template <>
+inline bool HasBits<1>::empty() const {
+  return !has_bits_[0];
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool HasBits<2>::empty() const {
+  return !(has_bits_[0] | has_bits_[1]);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool HasBits<3>::empty() const {
+  return !(has_bits_[0] | has_bits_[1] | has_bits_[2]);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool HasBits<4>::empty() const {
+  return !(has_bits_[0] | has_bits_[1] | has_bits_[2] | has_bits_[3]);
+}
+
+template <size_t doublewords>
+inline bool HasBits<doublewords>::empty() const {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < doublewords; ++i) {
+    if (has_bits_[i]) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_BITS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..539061693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/parse_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+const char* ImplicitWeakMessage::_InternalParse(const char* ptr,
+                                                ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return ctx->AppendString(ptr, &data_);
+}
+
+ExplicitlyConstructed<ImplicitWeakMessage>
+    implicit_weak_message_default_instance;
+internal::once_flag implicit_weak_message_once_init_;
+
+void InitImplicitWeakMessageDefaultInstance() {
+  implicit_weak_message_default_instance.DefaultConstruct();
+}
+
+const ImplicitWeakMessage* ImplicitWeakMessage::default_instance() {
+  internal::call_once(implicit_weak_message_once_init_,
+                      InitImplicitWeakMessageDefaultInstance);
+  return &implicit_weak_message_default_instance.get();
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3348daac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.h
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IMPLICIT_WEAK_MESSAGE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IMPLICIT_WEAK_MESSAGE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+// This file is logically internal-only and should only be used by protobuf
+// generated code.
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// An implementation of MessageLite that treats all data as unknown. This type
+// acts as a placeholder for an implicit weak field in the case where the true
+// message type does not get linked into the binary.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ImplicitWeakMessage : public MessageLite {
+ public:
+  ImplicitWeakMessage() : arena_(NULL) {}
+  explicit ImplicitWeakMessage(Arena* arena) : arena_(arena) {}
+
+  static const ImplicitWeakMessage* default_instance();
+
+  std::string GetTypeName() const override { return ""; }
+
+  MessageLite* New() const override { return new ImplicitWeakMessage; }
+  MessageLite* New(Arena* arena) const override {
+    return Arena::CreateMessage<ImplicitWeakMessage>(arena);
+  }
+
+  Arena* GetArena() const override { return arena_; }
+
+  void Clear() override { data_.clear(); }
+
+  bool IsInitialized() const override { return true; }
+
+  void CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(const MessageLite& other) override {
+    data_.append(static_cast<const ImplicitWeakMessage&>(other).data_);
+  }
+
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const override { return data_.size(); }
+
+  uint8* _InternalSerialize(uint8* target,
+                            io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final {
+    return stream->WriteRaw(data_.data(), static_cast<int>(data_.size()),
+                            target);
+  }
+
+  int GetCachedSize() const override { return static_cast<int>(data_.size()); }
+
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+
+ private:
+  Arena* const arena_;
+  std::string data_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImplicitWeakMessage);
+};
+
+// A type handler for use with implicit weak repeated message fields.
+template <typename ImplicitWeakType>
+class ImplicitWeakTypeHandler {
+ public:
+  typedef MessageLite Type;
+  static const bool Moveable = false;
+
+  static inline MessageLite* NewFromPrototype(const MessageLite* prototype,
+                                              Arena* arena = NULL) {
+    return prototype->New(arena);
+  }
+
+  static inline void Delete(MessageLite* value, Arena* arena) {
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      delete value;
+    }
+  }
+  static inline Arena* GetArena(MessageLite* value) {
+    return value->GetArena();
+  }
+  static inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer(MessageLite* value) {
+    return value->GetArena();
+  }
+  static inline void Clear(MessageLite* value) { value->Clear(); }
+  static void Merge(const MessageLite& from, MessageLite* to) {
+    to->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(from);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+template <typename T>
+struct WeakRepeatedPtrField {
+  using TypeHandler = internal::ImplicitWeakTypeHandler<T>;
+  WeakRepeatedPtrField() : weak() {}
+  explicit WeakRepeatedPtrField(Arena* arena) : weak(arena) {}
+  ~WeakRepeatedPtrField() { weak.template Destroy<TypeHandler>(); }
+
+  typedef internal::RepeatedPtrIterator<MessageLite> iterator;
+  typedef internal::RepeatedPtrIterator<const MessageLite> const_iterator;
+  typedef internal::RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator<MessageLite*, void*>
+      pointer_iterator;
+  typedef internal::RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator<const MessageLite* const,
+                                                const void* const>
+      const_pointer_iterator;
+
+  iterator begin() { return iterator(base().raw_data()); }
+  const_iterator begin() const { return iterator(base().raw_data()); }
+  const_iterator cbegin() const { return begin(); }
+  iterator end() { return begin() + base().size(); }
+  const_iterator end() const { return begin() + base().size(); }
+  const_iterator cend() const { return end(); }
+  pointer_iterator pointer_begin() {
+    return pointer_iterator(base().raw_mutable_data());
+  }
+  const_pointer_iterator pointer_begin() const {
+    return const_pointer_iterator(base().raw_mutable_data());
+  }
+  pointer_iterator pointer_end() {
+    return pointer_iterator(base().raw_mutable_data() + base().size());
+  }
+  const_pointer_iterator pointer_end() const {
+    return const_pointer_iterator(base().raw_mutable_data() + base().size());
+  }
+
+  MessageLite* AddWeak(const MessageLite* prototype) {
+    return base().AddWeak(prototype);
+  }
+  T* Add() { return weak.Add(); }
+  void Clear() { base().template Clear<TypeHandler>(); }
+  void MergeFrom(const WeakRepeatedPtrField& other) {
+    base().template MergeFrom<TypeHandler>(other.base());
+  }
+  void InternalSwap(WeakRepeatedPtrField* other) {
+    base().InternalSwap(&other->base());
+  }
+
+  const internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase& base() const { return weak; }
+  internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase& base() { return weak; }
+  // Union disables running the destructor. Which would create a strong link.
+  // Instead we explicitly destroy the underlying base through the virtual
+  // destructor.
+  union {
+    RepeatedPtrField<T> weak;
+  };
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IMPLICIT_WEAK_MESSAGE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..991c0e1f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INLINED_STRING_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INLINED_STRING_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+// Must be included last.
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Arena;
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// InlinedStringField wraps a std::string instance and exposes an API similar to
+// ArenaStringPtr's wrapping of a std::string* instance.  As std::string is
+// never allocated on the Arena, we expose only the *NoArena methods of
+// ArenaStringPtr.
+//
+// default_value parameters are taken for consistency with ArenaStringPtr, but
+// are not used for most methods.  With inlining, these should be removed from
+// the generated binary.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT InlinedStringField {
+ public:
+  InlinedStringField() PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE;
+  explicit InlinedStringField(const std::string& default_value);
+
+  void AssignWithDefault(const std::string* default_value,
+                         const InlinedStringField& from) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE;
+
+  void ClearToEmpty(const std::string* default_value,
+                    Arena* /*arena*/) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    ClearToEmptyNoArena(default_value);
+  }
+  void ClearNonDefaultToEmpty() PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    ClearNonDefaultToEmptyNoArena();
+  }
+  void ClearToEmptyNoArena(const std::string* /*default_value*/)
+      PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    ClearNonDefaultToEmptyNoArena();
+  }
+  void ClearNonDefaultToEmptyNoArena() PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE;
+
+  void ClearToDefault(const std::string* default_value,
+                      Arena* /*arena*/) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    ClearToDefaultNoArena(default_value);
+  }
+  void ClearToDefaultNoArena(const std::string* default_value)
+      PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE;
+
+  void Destroy(const std::string* default_value,
+               Arena* /*arena*/) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    DestroyNoArena(default_value);
+  }
+  void DestroyNoArena(const std::string* default_value) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE;
+
+  const std::string& Get() const PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE { return GetNoArena(); }
+  const std::string& GetNoArena() const PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE;
+
+  std::string* Mutable(const std::string* default_value,
+                       Arena* /*arena*/) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    return MutableNoArena(default_value);
+  }
+  std::string* MutableNoArena(const std::string* default_value)
+      PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE;
+
+  std::string* Release(const std::string* default_value, Arena* /*arena*/) {
+    return ReleaseNoArena(default_value);
+  }
+  std::string* ReleaseNonDefault(const std::string* default_value,
+                                 Arena* /*arena*/) {
+    return ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena(default_value);
+  }
+  std::string* ReleaseNoArena(const std::string* default_value) {
+    return ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena(default_value);
+  }
+  std::string* ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena(const std::string* default_value);
+
+  void Set(const std::string* default_value, StringPiece value,
+           Arena* /*arena*/) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    SetNoArena(default_value, value);
+  }
+  void SetLite(const std::string* default_value, StringPiece value,
+               Arena* /*arena*/) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    SetNoArena(default_value, value);
+  }
+  void SetNoArena(const std::string* default_value,
+                  StringPiece value) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE;
+
+  void Set(const std::string* default_value, const std::string& value,
+           Arena* /*arena*/) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    SetNoArena(default_value, value);
+  }
+  void SetLite(const std::string* default_value, const std::string& value,
+               Arena* /*arena*/) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    SetNoArena(default_value, value);
+  }
+  void SetNoArena(const std::string* default_value,
+                  const std::string& value) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE;
+
+  void SetNoArena(const std::string* default_value,
+                  std::string&& value) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE;
+  void SetAllocated(const std::string* default_value, std::string* value,
+                    Arena* /*arena*/) {
+    SetAllocatedNoArena(default_value, value);
+  }
+  void SetAllocatedNoArena(const std::string* default_value,
+                           std::string* value);
+  void Swap(InlinedStringField* from) PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE;
+  std::string* UnsafeMutablePointer();
+  void UnsafeSetDefault(const std::string* default_value);
+  std::string* UnsafeArenaRelease(const std::string* default_value,
+                                  Arena* arena);
+  void UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(const std::string* default_value,
+                               std::string* value, Arena* arena);
+
+  bool IsDefault(const std::string* /*default_value*/) { return false; }
+
+ private:
+  std::string value_;
+};
+
+inline InlinedStringField::InlinedStringField() {}
+
+inline InlinedStringField::InlinedStringField(const std::string& default_value)
+    : value_(default_value) {}
+
+inline void InlinedStringField::AssignWithDefault(
+    const std::string* /*default_value*/, const InlinedStringField& from) {
+  value_ = from.value_;
+}
+
+inline const std::string& InlinedStringField::GetNoArena() const {
+  return value_;
+}
+
+inline std::string* InlinedStringField::MutableNoArena(const std::string*) {
+  return &value_;
+}
+
+inline void InlinedStringField::SetAllocatedNoArena(
+    const std::string* default_value, std::string* value) {
+  if (value == NULL) {
+    value_.assign(*default_value);
+  } else {
+    value_.assign(std::move(*value));
+    delete value;
+  }
+}
+
+inline void InlinedStringField::DestroyNoArena(const std::string*) {
+  // This is invoked from the generated message's ArenaDtor, which is used to
+  // clean up objects not allocated on the Arena.
+  this->~InlinedStringField();
+}
+
+inline void InlinedStringField::ClearNonDefaultToEmptyNoArena() {
+  value_.clear();
+}
+
+inline void InlinedStringField::ClearToDefaultNoArena(
+    const std::string* default_value) {
+  value_.assign(*default_value);
+}
+
+inline std::string* InlinedStringField::ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena(
+    const std::string* default_value) {
+  std::string* released = new std::string(*default_value);
+  value_.swap(*released);
+  return released;
+}
+
+inline void InlinedStringField::SetNoArena(const std::string* /*default_value*/,
+                                           StringPiece value) {
+  value_.assign(value.data(), value.length());
+}
+
+inline void InlinedStringField::SetNoArena(const std::string* /*default_value*/,
+                                           const std::string& value) {
+  value_.assign(value);
+}
+
+inline void InlinedStringField::SetNoArena(const std::string* /*default_value*/,
+                                           std::string&& value) {
+  value_.assign(std::move(value));
+}
+
+inline void InlinedStringField::Swap(InlinedStringField* from) {
+  value_.swap(from->value_);
+}
+
+inline std::string* InlinedStringField::UnsafeMutablePointer() {
+  return &value_;
+}
+
+inline void InlinedStringField::UnsafeSetDefault(
+    const std::string* default_value) {
+  value_.assign(*default_value);
+}
+
+inline std::string* InlinedStringField::UnsafeArenaRelease(
+    const std::string* default_value, Arena* /*arena*/) {
+  return ReleaseNoArena(default_value);
+}
+
+inline void InlinedStringField::UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(
+    const std::string* default_value, std::string* value, Arena* /*arena*/) {
+  if (value == NULL) {
+    value_.assign(*default_value);
+  } else {
+    value_.assign(*value);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INLINED_STRING_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59d86f983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,956 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This implementation is heavily optimized to make reads and writes
+// of small values (especially varints) as fast as possible.  In
+// particular, we optimize for the common case that a read or a write
+// will not cross the end of the buffer, since we can avoid a lot
+// of branching in this case.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+namespace {
+
+static const int kMaxVarintBytes = 10;
+static const int kMaxVarint32Bytes = 5;
+
+
+inline bool NextNonEmpty(ZeroCopyInputStream* input, const void** data,
+                         int* size) {
+  bool success;
+  do {
+    success = input->Next(data, size);
+  } while (success && *size == 0);
+  return success;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// CodedInputStream ==================================================
+
+CodedInputStream::~CodedInputStream() {
+  if (input_ != NULL) {
+    BackUpInputToCurrentPosition();
+  }
+}
+
+// Static.
+int CodedInputStream::default_recursion_limit_ = 100;
+
+
+void CodedInputStream::BackUpInputToCurrentPosition() {
+  int backup_bytes = BufferSize() + buffer_size_after_limit_ + overflow_bytes_;
+  if (backup_bytes > 0) {
+    input_->BackUp(backup_bytes);
+
+    // total_bytes_read_ doesn't include overflow_bytes_.
+    total_bytes_read_ -= BufferSize() + buffer_size_after_limit_;
+    buffer_end_ = buffer_;
+    buffer_size_after_limit_ = 0;
+    overflow_bytes_ = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+inline void CodedInputStream::RecomputeBufferLimits() {
+  buffer_end_ += buffer_size_after_limit_;
+  int closest_limit = std::min(current_limit_, total_bytes_limit_);
+  if (closest_limit < total_bytes_read_) {
+    // The limit position is in the current buffer.  We must adjust
+    // the buffer size accordingly.
+    buffer_size_after_limit_ = total_bytes_read_ - closest_limit;
+    buffer_end_ -= buffer_size_after_limit_;
+  } else {
+    buffer_size_after_limit_ = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+CodedInputStream::Limit CodedInputStream::PushLimit(int byte_limit) {
+  // Current position relative to the beginning of the stream.
+  int current_position = CurrentPosition();
+
+  Limit old_limit = current_limit_;
+
+  // security: byte_limit is possibly evil, so check for negative values
+  // and overflow. Also check that the new requested limit is before the
+  // previous limit; otherwise we continue to enforce the previous limit.
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(byte_limit >= 0 &&
+                            byte_limit <= INT_MAX - current_position &&
+                            byte_limit < current_limit_ - current_position)) {
+    current_limit_ = current_position + byte_limit;
+    RecomputeBufferLimits();
+  }
+
+  return old_limit;
+}
+
+void CodedInputStream::PopLimit(Limit limit) {
+  // The limit passed in is actually the *old* limit, which we returned from
+  // PushLimit().
+  current_limit_ = limit;
+  RecomputeBufferLimits();
+
+  // We may no longer be at a legitimate message end.  ReadTag() needs to be
+  // called again to find out.
+  legitimate_message_end_ = false;
+}
+
+std::pair<CodedInputStream::Limit, int>
+CodedInputStream::IncrementRecursionDepthAndPushLimit(int byte_limit) {
+  return std::make_pair(PushLimit(byte_limit), --recursion_budget_);
+}
+
+CodedInputStream::Limit CodedInputStream::ReadLengthAndPushLimit() {
+  uint32 length;
+  return PushLimit(ReadVarint32(&length) ? length : 0);
+}
+
+bool CodedInputStream::DecrementRecursionDepthAndPopLimit(Limit limit) {
+  bool result = ConsumedEntireMessage();
+  PopLimit(limit);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(recursion_budget_, recursion_limit_);
+  ++recursion_budget_;
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool CodedInputStream::CheckEntireMessageConsumedAndPopLimit(Limit limit) {
+  bool result = ConsumedEntireMessage();
+  PopLimit(limit);
+  return result;
+}
+
+int CodedInputStream::BytesUntilLimit() const {
+  if (current_limit_ == INT_MAX) return -1;
+  int current_position = CurrentPosition();
+
+  return current_limit_ - current_position;
+}
+
+void CodedInputStream::SetTotalBytesLimit(int total_bytes_limit) {
+  // Make sure the limit isn't already past, since this could confuse other
+  // code.
+  int current_position = CurrentPosition();
+  total_bytes_limit_ = std::max(current_position, total_bytes_limit);
+  RecomputeBufferLimits();
+}
+
+int CodedInputStream::BytesUntilTotalBytesLimit() const {
+  if (total_bytes_limit_ == INT_MAX) return -1;
+  return total_bytes_limit_ - CurrentPosition();
+}
+
+void CodedInputStream::PrintTotalBytesLimitError() {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR)
+      << "A protocol message was rejected because it was too "
+         "big (more than "
+      << total_bytes_limit_
+      << " bytes).  To increase the limit (or to disable these "
+         "warnings), see CodedInputStream::SetTotalBytesLimit() "
+         "in third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h.";
+}
+
+bool CodedInputStream::SkipFallback(int count, int original_buffer_size) {
+  if (buffer_size_after_limit_ > 0) {
+    // We hit a limit inside this buffer.  Advance to the limit and fail.
+    Advance(original_buffer_size);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  count -= original_buffer_size;
+  buffer_ = NULL;
+  buffer_end_ = buffer_;
+
+  // Make sure this skip doesn't try to skip past the current limit.
+  int closest_limit = std::min(current_limit_, total_bytes_limit_);
+  int bytes_until_limit = closest_limit - total_bytes_read_;
+  if (bytes_until_limit < count) {
+    // We hit the limit.  Skip up to it then fail.
+    if (bytes_until_limit > 0) {
+      total_bytes_read_ = closest_limit;
+      input_->Skip(bytes_until_limit);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!input_->Skip(count)) {
+    total_bytes_read_ = input_->ByteCount();
+    return false;
+  }
+  total_bytes_read_ += count;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CodedInputStream::GetDirectBufferPointer(const void** data, int* size) {
+  if (BufferSize() == 0 && !Refresh()) return false;
+
+  *data = buffer_;
+  *size = BufferSize();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CodedInputStream::ReadRaw(void* buffer, int size) {
+  int current_buffer_size;
+  while ((current_buffer_size = BufferSize()) < size) {
+    // Reading past end of buffer.  Copy what we have, then refresh.
+    memcpy(buffer, buffer_, current_buffer_size);
+    buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(buffer) + current_buffer_size;
+    size -= current_buffer_size;
+    Advance(current_buffer_size);
+    if (!Refresh()) return false;
+  }
+
+  memcpy(buffer, buffer_, size);
+  Advance(size);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CodedInputStream::ReadString(std::string* buffer, int size) {
+  if (size < 0) return false;  // security: size is often user-supplied
+
+  if (BufferSize() >= size) {
+    STLStringResizeUninitialized(buffer, size);
+    std::pair<char*, bool> z = as_string_data(buffer);
+    if (z.second) {
+      // Oddly enough, memcpy() requires its first two args to be non-NULL even
+      // if we copy 0 bytes.  So, we have ensured that z.first is non-NULL here.
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(z.first != NULL);
+      memcpy(z.first, buffer_, size);
+      Advance(size);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return ReadStringFallback(buffer, size);
+}
+
+bool CodedInputStream::ReadStringFallback(std::string* buffer, int size) {
+  if (!buffer->empty()) {
+    buffer->clear();
+  }
+
+  int closest_limit = std::min(current_limit_, total_bytes_limit_);
+  if (closest_limit != INT_MAX) {
+    int bytes_to_limit = closest_limit - CurrentPosition();
+    if (bytes_to_limit > 0 && size > 0 && size <= bytes_to_limit) {
+      buffer->reserve(size);
+    }
+  }
+
+  int current_buffer_size;
+  while ((current_buffer_size = BufferSize()) < size) {
+    // Some STL implementations "helpfully" crash on buffer->append(NULL, 0).
+    if (current_buffer_size != 0) {
+      // Note:  string1.append(string2) is O(string2.size()) (as opposed to
+      //   O(string1.size() + string2.size()), which would be bad).
+      buffer->append(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(buffer_),
+                     current_buffer_size);
+    }
+    size -= current_buffer_size;
+    Advance(current_buffer_size);
+    if (!Refresh()) return false;
+  }
+
+  buffer->append(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(buffer_), size);
+  Advance(size);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+bool CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian32Fallback(uint32* value) {
+  uint8 bytes[sizeof(*value)];
+
+  const uint8* ptr;
+  if (BufferSize() >= sizeof(*value)) {
+    // Fast path:  Enough bytes in the buffer to read directly.
+    ptr = buffer_;
+    Advance(sizeof(*value));
+  } else {
+    // Slow path:  Had to read past the end of the buffer.
+    if (!ReadRaw(bytes, sizeof(*value))) return false;
+    ptr = bytes;
+  }
+  ReadLittleEndian32FromArray(ptr, value);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian64Fallback(uint64* value) {
+  uint8 bytes[sizeof(*value)];
+
+  const uint8* ptr;
+  if (BufferSize() >= sizeof(*value)) {
+    // Fast path:  Enough bytes in the buffer to read directly.
+    ptr = buffer_;
+    Advance(sizeof(*value));
+  } else {
+    // Slow path:  Had to read past the end of the buffer.
+    if (!ReadRaw(bytes, sizeof(*value))) return false;
+    ptr = bytes;
+  }
+  ReadLittleEndian64FromArray(ptr, value);
+  return true;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Decodes varint64 with known size, N, and returns next pointer. Knowing N at
+// compile time, compiler can generate optimal code. For example, instead of
+// subtracting 0x80 at each iteration, it subtracts properly shifted mask once.
+template <size_t N>
+const uint8* DecodeVarint64KnownSize(const uint8* buffer, uint64* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(N, 0);
+  uint64 result = static_cast<uint64>(buffer[N - 1]) << (7 * (N - 1));
+  for (int i = 0, offset = 0; i < N - 1; i++, offset += 7) {
+    result += static_cast<uint64>(buffer[i] - 0x80) << offset;
+  }
+  *value = result;
+  return buffer + N;
+}
+
+// Read a varint from the given buffer, write it to *value, and return a pair.
+// The first part of the pair is true iff the read was successful.  The second
+// part is buffer + (number of bytes read).  This function is always inlined,
+// so returning a pair is costless.
+PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE
+::std::pair<bool, const uint8*> ReadVarint32FromArray(uint32 first_byte,
+                                                      const uint8* buffer,
+                                                      uint32* value);
+inline ::std::pair<bool, const uint8*> ReadVarint32FromArray(
+    uint32 first_byte, const uint8* buffer, uint32* value) {
+  // Fast path:  We have enough bytes left in the buffer to guarantee that
+  // this read won't cross the end, so we can skip the checks.
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(*buffer, first_byte);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(first_byte & 0x80, 0x80) << first_byte;
+  const uint8* ptr = buffer;
+  uint32 b;
+  uint32 result = first_byte - 0x80;
+  ++ptr;  // We just processed the first byte.  Move on to the second.
+  b = *(ptr++);
+  result += b << 7;
+  if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  result -= 0x80 << 7;
+  b = *(ptr++);
+  result += b << 14;
+  if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  result -= 0x80 << 14;
+  b = *(ptr++);
+  result += b << 21;
+  if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  result -= 0x80 << 21;
+  b = *(ptr++);
+  result += b << 28;
+  if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  // "result -= 0x80 << 28" is irrevelant.
+
+  // If the input is larger than 32 bits, we still need to read it all
+  // and discard the high-order bits.
+  for (int i = 0; i < kMaxVarintBytes - kMaxVarint32Bytes; i++) {
+    b = *(ptr++);
+    if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
+  }
+
+  // We have overrun the maximum size of a varint (10 bytes).  Assume
+  // the data is corrupt.
+  return std::make_pair(false, ptr);
+
+done:
+  *value = result;
+  return std::make_pair(true, ptr);
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE::std::pair<bool, const uint8*> ReadVarint64FromArray(
+    const uint8* buffer, uint64* value);
+inline ::std::pair<bool, const uint8*> ReadVarint64FromArray(
+    const uint8* buffer, uint64* value) {
+  // Assumes varint64 is at least 2 bytes.
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(buffer[0], 128);
+
+  const uint8* next;
+  if (buffer[1] < 128) {
+    next = DecodeVarint64KnownSize<2>(buffer, value);
+  } else if (buffer[2] < 128) {
+    next = DecodeVarint64KnownSize<3>(buffer, value);
+  } else if (buffer[3] < 128) {
+    next = DecodeVarint64KnownSize<4>(buffer, value);
+  } else if (buffer[4] < 128) {
+    next = DecodeVarint64KnownSize<5>(buffer, value);
+  } else if (buffer[5] < 128) {
+    next = DecodeVarint64KnownSize<6>(buffer, value);
+  } else if (buffer[6] < 128) {
+    next = DecodeVarint64KnownSize<7>(buffer, value);
+  } else if (buffer[7] < 128) {
+    next = DecodeVarint64KnownSize<8>(buffer, value);
+  } else if (buffer[8] < 128) {
+    next = DecodeVarint64KnownSize<9>(buffer, value);
+  } else if (buffer[9] < 128) {
+    next = DecodeVarint64KnownSize<10>(buffer, value);
+  } else {
+    // We have overrun the maximum size of a varint (10 bytes). Assume
+    // the data is corrupt.
+    return std::make_pair(false, buffer + 11);
+  }
+
+  return std::make_pair(true, next);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool CodedInputStream::ReadVarint32Slow(uint32* value) {
+  // Directly invoke ReadVarint64Fallback, since we already tried to optimize
+  // for one-byte varints.
+  std::pair<uint64, bool> p = ReadVarint64Fallback();
+  *value = static_cast<uint32>(p.first);
+  return p.second;
+}
+
+int64 CodedInputStream::ReadVarint32Fallback(uint32 first_byte_or_zero) {
+  if (BufferSize() >= kMaxVarintBytes ||
+      // Optimization:  We're also safe if the buffer is non-empty and it ends
+      // with a byte that would terminate a varint.
+      (buffer_end_ > buffer_ && !(buffer_end_[-1] & 0x80))) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(first_byte_or_zero, 0)
+        << "Caller should provide us with *buffer_ when buffer is non-empty";
+    uint32 temp;
+    ::std::pair<bool, const uint8*> p =
+        ReadVarint32FromArray(first_byte_or_zero, buffer_, &temp);
+    if (!p.first) return -1;
+    buffer_ = p.second;
+    return temp;
+  } else {
+    // Really slow case: we will incur the cost of an extra function call here,
+    // but moving this out of line reduces the size of this function, which
+    // improves the common case. In micro benchmarks, this is worth about 10-15%
+    uint32 temp;
+    return ReadVarint32Slow(&temp) ? static_cast<int64>(temp) : -1;
+  }
+}
+
+int CodedInputStream::ReadVarintSizeAsIntSlow() {
+  // Directly invoke ReadVarint64Fallback, since we already tried to optimize
+  // for one-byte varints.
+  std::pair<uint64, bool> p = ReadVarint64Fallback();
+  if (!p.second || p.first > static_cast<uint64>(INT_MAX)) return -1;
+  return p.first;
+}
+
+int CodedInputStream::ReadVarintSizeAsIntFallback() {
+  if (BufferSize() >= kMaxVarintBytes ||
+      // Optimization:  We're also safe if the buffer is non-empty and it ends
+      // with a byte that would terminate a varint.
+      (buffer_end_ > buffer_ && !(buffer_end_[-1] & 0x80))) {
+    uint64 temp;
+    ::std::pair<bool, const uint8*> p = ReadVarint64FromArray(buffer_, &temp);
+    if (!p.first || temp > static_cast<uint64>(INT_MAX)) return -1;
+    buffer_ = p.second;
+    return temp;
+  } else {
+    // Really slow case: we will incur the cost of an extra function call here,
+    // but moving this out of line reduces the size of this function, which
+    // improves the common case. In micro benchmarks, this is worth about 10-15%
+    return ReadVarintSizeAsIntSlow();
+  }
+}
+
+uint32 CodedInputStream::ReadTagSlow() {
+  if (buffer_ == buffer_end_) {
+    // Call refresh.
+    if (!Refresh()) {
+      // Refresh failed.  Make sure that it failed due to EOF, not because
+      // we hit total_bytes_limit_, which, unlike normal limits, is not a
+      // valid place to end a message.
+      int current_position = total_bytes_read_ - buffer_size_after_limit_;
+      if (current_position >= total_bytes_limit_) {
+        // Hit total_bytes_limit_.  But if we also hit the normal limit,
+        // we're still OK.
+        legitimate_message_end_ = current_limit_ == total_bytes_limit_;
+      } else {
+        legitimate_message_end_ = true;
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // For the slow path, just do a 64-bit read. Try to optimize for one-byte tags
+  // again, since we have now refreshed the buffer.
+  uint64 result = 0;
+  if (!ReadVarint64(&result)) return 0;
+  return static_cast<uint32>(result);
+}
+
+uint32 CodedInputStream::ReadTagFallback(uint32 first_byte_or_zero) {
+  const int buf_size = BufferSize();
+  if (buf_size >= kMaxVarintBytes ||
+      // Optimization:  We're also safe if the buffer is non-empty and it ends
+      // with a byte that would terminate a varint.
+      (buf_size > 0 && !(buffer_end_[-1] & 0x80))) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(first_byte_or_zero, buffer_[0]);
+    if (first_byte_or_zero == 0) {
+      ++buffer_;
+      return 0;
+    }
+    uint32 tag;
+    ::std::pair<bool, const uint8*> p =
+        ReadVarint32FromArray(first_byte_or_zero, buffer_, &tag);
+    if (!p.first) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    buffer_ = p.second;
+    return tag;
+  } else {
+    // We are commonly at a limit when attempting to read tags. Try to quickly
+    // detect this case without making another function call.
+    if ((buf_size == 0) &&
+        ((buffer_size_after_limit_ > 0) ||
+         (total_bytes_read_ == current_limit_)) &&
+        // Make sure that the limit we hit is not total_bytes_limit_, since
+        // in that case we still need to call Refresh() so that it prints an
+        // error.
+        total_bytes_read_ - buffer_size_after_limit_ < total_bytes_limit_) {
+      // We hit a byte limit.
+      legitimate_message_end_ = true;
+      return 0;
+    }
+    return ReadTagSlow();
+  }
+}
+
+bool CodedInputStream::ReadVarint64Slow(uint64* value) {
+  // Slow path:  This read might cross the end of the buffer, so we
+  // need to check and refresh the buffer if and when it does.
+
+  uint64 result = 0;
+  int count = 0;
+  uint32 b;
+
+  do {
+    if (count == kMaxVarintBytes) {
+      *value = 0;
+      return false;
+    }
+    while (buffer_ == buffer_end_) {
+      if (!Refresh()) {
+        *value = 0;
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    b = *buffer_;
+    result |= static_cast<uint64>(b & 0x7F) << (7 * count);
+    Advance(1);
+    ++count;
+  } while (b & 0x80);
+
+  *value = result;
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::pair<uint64, bool> CodedInputStream::ReadVarint64Fallback() {
+  if (BufferSize() >= kMaxVarintBytes ||
+      // Optimization:  We're also safe if the buffer is non-empty and it ends
+      // with a byte that would terminate a varint.
+      (buffer_end_ > buffer_ && !(buffer_end_[-1] & 0x80))) {
+    uint64 temp;
+    ::std::pair<bool, const uint8*> p = ReadVarint64FromArray(buffer_, &temp);
+    if (!p.first) {
+      return std::make_pair(0, false);
+    }
+    buffer_ = p.second;
+    return std::make_pair(temp, true);
+  } else {
+    uint64 temp;
+    bool success = ReadVarint64Slow(&temp);
+    return std::make_pair(temp, success);
+  }
+}
+
+bool CodedInputStream::Refresh() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(0, BufferSize());
+
+  if (buffer_size_after_limit_ > 0 || overflow_bytes_ > 0 ||
+      total_bytes_read_ == current_limit_) {
+    // We've hit a limit.  Stop.
+    int current_position = total_bytes_read_ - buffer_size_after_limit_;
+
+    if (current_position >= total_bytes_limit_ &&
+        total_bytes_limit_ != current_limit_) {
+      // Hit total_bytes_limit_.
+      PrintTotalBytesLimitError();
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const void* void_buffer;
+  int buffer_size;
+  if (NextNonEmpty(input_, &void_buffer, &buffer_size)) {
+    buffer_ = reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(void_buffer);
+    buffer_end_ = buffer_ + buffer_size;
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(buffer_size, 0);
+
+    if (total_bytes_read_ <= INT_MAX - buffer_size) {
+      total_bytes_read_ += buffer_size;
+    } else {
+      // Overflow.  Reset buffer_end_ to not include the bytes beyond INT_MAX.
+      // We can't get that far anyway, because total_bytes_limit_ is guaranteed
+      // to be less than it.  We need to keep track of the number of bytes
+      // we discarded, though, so that we can call input_->BackUp() to back
+      // up over them on destruction.
+
+      // The following line is equivalent to:
+      //   overflow_bytes_ = total_bytes_read_ + buffer_size - INT_MAX;
+      // except that it avoids overflows.  Signed integer overflow has
+      // undefined results according to the C standard.
+      overflow_bytes_ = total_bytes_read_ - (INT_MAX - buffer_size);
+      buffer_end_ -= overflow_bytes_;
+      total_bytes_read_ = INT_MAX;
+    }
+
+    RecomputeBufferLimits();
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    buffer_ = NULL;
+    buffer_end_ = NULL;
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// CodedOutputStream =================================================
+
+void EpsCopyOutputStream::EnableAliasing(bool enabled) {
+  aliasing_enabled_ = enabled && stream_->AllowsAliasing();
+}
+
+int64 EpsCopyOutputStream::ByteCount(uint8* ptr) const {
+  // Calculate the current offset relative to the end of the stream buffer.
+  int delta = (end_ - ptr) + (buffer_end_ ? 0 : kSlopBytes);
+  return stream_->ByteCount() - delta;
+}
+
+// Flushes what's written out to the underlying ZeroCopyOutputStream buffers.
+// Returns the size remaining in the buffer and sets buffer_end_ to the start
+// of the remaining buffer, ie. [buffer_end_, buffer_end_ + return value)
+int EpsCopyOutputStream::Flush(uint8* ptr) {
+  while (buffer_end_ && ptr > end_) {
+    int overrun = ptr - end_;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!had_error_);
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(overrun <= kSlopBytes);  // NOLINT
+    ptr = Next() + overrun;
+    if (had_error_) return 0;
+  }
+  int s;
+  if (buffer_end_) {
+    std::memcpy(buffer_end_, buffer_, ptr - buffer_);
+    buffer_end_ += ptr - buffer_;
+    s = end_ - ptr;
+  } else {
+    // The stream is writing directly in the ZeroCopyOutputStream buffer.
+    s = end_ + kSlopBytes - ptr;
+    buffer_end_ = ptr;
+  }
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(s >= 0);  // NOLINT
+  return s;
+}
+
+uint8* EpsCopyOutputStream::Trim(uint8* ptr) {
+  if (had_error_) return ptr;
+  int s = Flush(ptr);
+  if (s) stream_->BackUp(s);
+  // Reset to initial state (expecting new buffer)
+  buffer_end_ = end_ = buffer_;
+  return buffer_;
+}
+
+
+uint8* EpsCopyOutputStream::FlushAndResetBuffer(uint8* ptr) {
+  if (had_error_) return buffer_;
+  int s = Flush(ptr);
+  if (had_error_) return buffer_;
+  return SetInitialBuffer(buffer_end_, s);
+}
+
+bool EpsCopyOutputStream::Skip(int count, uint8** pp) {
+  if (count < 0) return false;
+  if (had_error_) {
+    *pp = buffer_;
+    return false;
+  }
+  int size = Flush(*pp);
+  if (had_error_) {
+    *pp = buffer_;
+    return false;
+  }
+  void* data = buffer_end_;
+  while (count > size) {
+    count -= size;
+    if (!stream_->Next(&data, &size)) {
+      *pp = Error();
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  *pp = SetInitialBuffer(static_cast<uint8*>(data) + count, size - count);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool EpsCopyOutputStream::GetDirectBufferPointer(void** data, int* size,
+                                                 uint8** pp) {
+  if (had_error_) {
+    *pp = buffer_;
+    return false;
+  }
+  *size = Flush(*pp);
+  if (had_error_) {
+    *pp = buffer_;
+    return false;
+  }
+  *data = buffer_end_;
+  while (*size == 0) {
+    if (!stream_->Next(data, size)) {
+      *pp = Error();
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  *pp = SetInitialBuffer(*data, *size);
+  return true;
+}
+
+uint8* EpsCopyOutputStream::GetDirectBufferForNBytesAndAdvance(int size,
+                                                               uint8** pp) {
+  if (had_error_) {
+    *pp = buffer_;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  int s = Flush(*pp);
+  if (had_error_) {
+    *pp = buffer_;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  if (s >= size) {
+    auto res = buffer_end_;
+    *pp = SetInitialBuffer(buffer_end_ + size, s - size);
+    return res;
+  } else {
+    *pp = SetInitialBuffer(buffer_end_, s);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+uint8* EpsCopyOutputStream::Next() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!had_error_);  // NOLINT
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(stream_ == nullptr)) return Error();
+  if (buffer_end_) {
+    // We're in the patch buffer and need to fill up the previous buffer.
+    std::memcpy(buffer_end_, buffer_, end_ - buffer_);
+    uint8* ptr;
+    int size;
+    do {
+      void* data;
+      if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!stream_->Next(&data, &size))) {
+        // Stream has an error, we use the patch buffer to continue to be
+        // able to write.
+        return Error();
+      }
+      ptr = static_cast<uint8*>(data);
+    } while (size == 0);
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(size > kSlopBytes)) {
+      std::memcpy(ptr, end_, kSlopBytes);
+      end_ = ptr + size - kSlopBytes;
+      buffer_end_ = nullptr;
+      return ptr;
+    } else {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(size > 0);  // NOLINT
+      // Buffer to small
+      std::memmove(buffer_, end_, kSlopBytes);
+      buffer_end_ = ptr;
+      end_ = buffer_ + size;
+      return buffer_;
+    }
+  } else {
+    std::memcpy(buffer_, end_, kSlopBytes);
+    buffer_end_ = end_;
+    end_ = buffer_ + kSlopBytes;
+    return buffer_;
+  }
+}
+
+uint8* EpsCopyOutputStream::EnsureSpaceFallback(uint8* ptr) {
+  do {
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(had_error_)) return buffer_;
+    int overrun = ptr - end_;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(overrun >= 0);           // NOLINT
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(overrun <= kSlopBytes);  // NOLINT
+    ptr = Next() + overrun;
+  } while (ptr >= end_);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(ptr < end_);  // NOLINT
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+uint8* EpsCopyOutputStream::WriteRawFallback(const void* data, int size,
+                                             uint8* ptr) {
+  int s = GetSize(ptr);
+  while (s < size) {
+    std::memcpy(ptr, data, s);
+    size -= s;
+    data = static_cast<const uint8*>(data) + s;
+    ptr = EnsureSpaceFallback(ptr + s);
+    s = GetSize(ptr);
+  }
+  std::memcpy(ptr, data, size);
+  return ptr + size;
+}
+
+uint8* EpsCopyOutputStream::WriteAliasedRaw(const void* data, int size,
+                                            uint8* ptr) {
+  if (size < GetSize(ptr)
+  ) {
+    return WriteRaw(data, size, ptr);
+  } else {
+    ptr = Trim(ptr);
+    if (stream_->WriteAliasedRaw(data, size)) return ptr;
+    return Error();
+  }
+}
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+uint8* EpsCopyOutputStream::WriteRawLittleEndian32(const void* data, int size,
+                                                   uint8* ptr) {
+  auto p = static_cast<const uint8*>(data);
+  auto end = p + size;
+  while (end - p >= kSlopBytes) {
+    ptr = EnsureSpace(ptr);
+    uint32 buffer[4];
+    static_assert(sizeof(buffer) == kSlopBytes, "Buffer must be kSlopBytes");
+    std::memcpy(buffer, p, kSlopBytes);
+    p += kSlopBytes;
+    for (auto x : buffer)
+      ptr = CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian32ToArray(x, ptr);
+  }
+  while (p < end) {
+    ptr = EnsureSpace(ptr);
+    uint32 buffer;
+    std::memcpy(&buffer, p, 4);
+    p += 4;
+    ptr = CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian32ToArray(buffer, ptr);
+  }
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+uint8* EpsCopyOutputStream::WriteRawLittleEndian64(const void* data, int size,
+                                                   uint8* ptr) {
+  auto p = static_cast<const uint8*>(data);
+  auto end = p + size;
+  while (end - p >= kSlopBytes) {
+    ptr = EnsureSpace(ptr);
+    uint64 buffer[2];
+    static_assert(sizeof(buffer) == kSlopBytes, "Buffer must be kSlopBytes");
+    std::memcpy(buffer, p, kSlopBytes);
+    p += kSlopBytes;
+    for (auto x : buffer)
+      ptr = CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian64ToArray(x, ptr);
+  }
+  while (p < end) {
+    ptr = EnsureSpace(ptr);
+    uint64 buffer;
+    std::memcpy(&buffer, p, 8);
+    p += 8;
+    ptr = CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian64ToArray(buffer, ptr);
+  }
+  return ptr;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+uint8* EpsCopyOutputStream::WriteStringMaybeAliasedOutline(uint32 num,
+                                                           const std::string& s,
+                                                           uint8* ptr) {
+  ptr = EnsureSpace(ptr);
+  uint32 size = s.size();
+  ptr = WriteLengthDelim(num, size, ptr);
+  return WriteRawMaybeAliased(s.data(), size, ptr);
+}
+
+uint8* EpsCopyOutputStream::WriteStringOutline(uint32 num, const std::string& s,
+                                               uint8* ptr) {
+  ptr = EnsureSpace(ptr);
+  uint32 size = s.size();
+  ptr = WriteLengthDelim(num, size, ptr);
+  return WriteRaw(s.data(), size, ptr);
+}
+
+std::atomic<bool> CodedOutputStream::default_serialization_deterministic_{
+    false};
+
+CodedOutputStream::CodedOutputStream(ZeroCopyOutputStream* stream,
+                                     bool do_eager_refresh)
+    : impl_(stream, IsDefaultSerializationDeterministic(), &cur_),
+      start_count_(stream->ByteCount()) {
+  if (do_eager_refresh) {
+    void* data;
+    int size;
+    if (!stream->Next(&data, &size) || size == 0) return;
+    cur_ = impl_.SetInitialBuffer(data, size);
+  }
+}
+
+CodedOutputStream::~CodedOutputStream() { Trim(); }
+
+
+uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteStringWithSizeToArray(const std::string& str,
+                                                     uint8* target) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(str.size(), kuint32max);
+  target = WriteVarint32ToArray(str.size(), target);
+  return WriteStringToArray(str, target);
+}
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..256eaf903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1714 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file contains the CodedInputStream and CodedOutputStream classes,
+// which wrap a ZeroCopyInputStream or ZeroCopyOutputStream, respectively,
+// and allow you to read or write individual pieces of data in various
+// formats.  In particular, these implement the varint encoding for
+// integers, a simple variable-length encoding in which smaller numbers
+// take fewer bytes.
+//
+// Typically these classes will only be used internally by the protocol
+// buffer library in order to encode and decode protocol buffers.  Clients
+// of the library only need to know about this class if they wish to write
+// custom message parsing or serialization procedures.
+//
+// CodedOutputStream example:
+//   // Write some data to "myfile".  First we write a 4-byte "magic number"
+//   // to identify the file type, then write a length-delimited string.  The
+//   // string is composed of a varint giving the length followed by the raw
+//   // bytes.
+//   int fd = open("myfile", O_CREAT | O_WRONLY);
+//   ZeroCopyOutputStream* raw_output = new FileOutputStream(fd);
+//   CodedOutputStream* coded_output = new CodedOutputStream(raw_output);
+//
+//   int magic_number = 1234;
+//   char text[] = "Hello world!";
+//   coded_output->WriteLittleEndian32(magic_number);
+//   coded_output->WriteVarint32(strlen(text));
+//   coded_output->WriteRaw(text, strlen(text));
+//
+//   delete coded_output;
+//   delete raw_output;
+//   close(fd);
+//
+// CodedInputStream example:
+//   // Read a file created by the above code.
+//   int fd = open("myfile", O_RDONLY);
+//   ZeroCopyInputStream* raw_input = new FileInputStream(fd);
+//   CodedInputStream* coded_input = new CodedInputStream(raw_input);
+//
+//   coded_input->ReadLittleEndian32(&magic_number);
+//   if (magic_number != 1234) {
+//     cerr << "File not in expected format." << endl;
+//     return;
+//   }
+//
+//   uint32 size;
+//   coded_input->ReadVarint32(&size);
+//
+//   char* text = new char[size + 1];
+//   coded_input->ReadRaw(buffer, size);
+//   text[size] = '\0';
+//
+//   delete coded_input;
+//   delete raw_input;
+//   close(fd);
+//
+//   cout << "Text is: " << text << endl;
+//   delete [] text;
+//
+// For those who are interested, varint encoding is defined as follows:
+//
+// The encoding operates on unsigned integers of up to 64 bits in length.
+// Each byte of the encoded value has the format:
+// * bits 0-6: Seven bits of the number being encoded.
+// * bit 7: Zero if this is the last byte in the encoding (in which
+//   case all remaining bits of the number are zero) or 1 if
+//   more bytes follow.
+// The first byte contains the least-significant 7 bits of the number, the
+// second byte (if present) contains the next-least-significant 7 bits,
+// and so on.  So, the binary number 1011000101011 would be encoded in two
+// bytes as "10101011 00101100".
+//
+// In theory, varint could be used to encode integers of any length.
+// However, for practicality we set a limit at 64 bits.  The maximum encoded
+// length of a number is thus 10 bytes.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_CODED_STREAM_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_CODED_STREAM_H__
+
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+// Assuming windows is always little-endian.
+#if !defined(PROTOBUF_DISABLE_LITTLE_ENDIAN_OPT_FOR_TEST)
+#define PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN 1
+#endif
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1300 && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+// If MSVC has "/RTCc" set, it will complain about truncating casts at
+// runtime.  This file contains some intentional truncating casts.
+#pragma runtime_checks("c", off)
+#endif
+#else
+#include <sys/param.h>  // __BYTE_ORDER
+#if ((defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && !defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__)) ||    \
+     (defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN)) && \
+    !defined(PROTOBUF_DISABLE_LITTLE_ENDIAN_OPT_FOR_TEST)
+#define PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN 1
+#endif
+#endif
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/port.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class DescriptorPool;
+class MessageFactory;
+class ZeroCopyCodedInputStream;
+
+namespace internal {
+void MapTestForceDeterministic();
+class EpsCopyByteStream;
+}  // namespace internal
+
+namespace io {
+
+// Defined in this file.
+class CodedInputStream;
+class CodedOutputStream;
+
+// Defined in other files.
+class ZeroCopyInputStream;   // zero_copy_stream.h
+class ZeroCopyOutputStream;  // zero_copy_stream.h
+
+// Class which reads and decodes binary data which is composed of varint-
+// encoded integers and fixed-width pieces.  Wraps a ZeroCopyInputStream.
+// Most users will not need to deal with CodedInputStream.
+//
+// Most methods of CodedInputStream that return a bool return false if an
+// underlying I/O error occurs or if the data is malformed.  Once such a
+// failure occurs, the CodedInputStream is broken and is no longer useful.
+// After a failure, callers also should assume writes to "out" args may have
+// occurred, though nothing useful can be determined from those writes.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT CodedInputStream {
+ public:
+  // Create a CodedInputStream that reads from the given ZeroCopyInputStream.
+  explicit CodedInputStream(ZeroCopyInputStream* input);
+
+  // Create a CodedInputStream that reads from the given flat array.  This is
+  // faster than using an ArrayInputStream.  PushLimit(size) is implied by
+  // this constructor.
+  explicit CodedInputStream(const uint8* buffer, int size);
+
+  // Destroy the CodedInputStream and position the underlying
+  // ZeroCopyInputStream at the first unread byte.  If an error occurred while
+  // reading (causing a method to return false), then the exact position of
+  // the input stream may be anywhere between the last value that was read
+  // successfully and the stream's byte limit.
+  ~CodedInputStream();
+
+  // Return true if this CodedInputStream reads from a flat array instead of
+  // a ZeroCopyInputStream.
+  inline bool IsFlat() const;
+
+  // Skips a number of bytes.  Returns false if an underlying read error
+  // occurs.
+  inline bool Skip(int count);
+
+  // Sets *data to point directly at the unread part of the CodedInputStream's
+  // underlying buffer, and *size to the size of that buffer, but does not
+  // advance the stream's current position.  This will always either produce
+  // a non-empty buffer or return false.  If the caller consumes any of
+  // this data, it should then call Skip() to skip over the consumed bytes.
+  // This may be useful for implementing external fast parsing routines for
+  // types of data not covered by the CodedInputStream interface.
+  bool GetDirectBufferPointer(const void** data, int* size);
+
+  // Like GetDirectBufferPointer, but this method is inlined, and does not
+  // attempt to Refresh() if the buffer is currently empty.
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  void GetDirectBufferPointerInline(const void** data, int* size);
+
+  // Read raw bytes, copying them into the given buffer.
+  bool ReadRaw(void* buffer, int size);
+
+  // Like ReadRaw, but reads into a string.
+  bool ReadString(std::string* buffer, int size);
+
+
+  // Read a 32-bit little-endian integer.
+  bool ReadLittleEndian32(uint32* value);
+  // Read a 64-bit little-endian integer.
+  bool ReadLittleEndian64(uint64* value);
+
+  // These methods read from an externally provided buffer. The caller is
+  // responsible for ensuring that the buffer has sufficient space.
+  // Read a 32-bit little-endian integer.
+  static const uint8* ReadLittleEndian32FromArray(const uint8* buffer,
+                                                  uint32* value);
+  // Read a 64-bit little-endian integer.
+  static const uint8* ReadLittleEndian64FromArray(const uint8* buffer,
+                                                  uint64* value);
+
+  // Read an unsigned integer with Varint encoding, truncating to 32 bits.
+  // Reading a 32-bit value is equivalent to reading a 64-bit one and casting
+  // it to uint32, but may be more efficient.
+  bool ReadVarint32(uint32* value);
+  // Read an unsigned integer with Varint encoding.
+  bool ReadVarint64(uint64* value);
+
+  // Reads a varint off the wire into an "int". This should be used for reading
+  // sizes off the wire (sizes of strings, submessages, bytes fields, etc).
+  //
+  // The value from the wire is interpreted as unsigned.  If its value exceeds
+  // the representable value of an integer on this platform, instead of
+  // truncating we return false. Truncating (as performed by ReadVarint32()
+  // above) is an acceptable approach for fields representing an integer, but
+  // when we are parsing a size from the wire, truncating the value would result
+  // in us misparsing the payload.
+  bool ReadVarintSizeAsInt(int* value);
+
+  // Read a tag.  This calls ReadVarint32() and returns the result, or returns
+  // zero (which is not a valid tag) if ReadVarint32() fails.  Also, ReadTag
+  // (but not ReadTagNoLastTag) updates the last tag value, which can be checked
+  // with LastTagWas().
+  //
+  // Always inline because this is only called in one place per parse loop
+  // but it is called for every iteration of said loop, so it should be fast.
+  // GCC doesn't want to inline this by default.
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE uint32 ReadTag() {
+    return last_tag_ = ReadTagNoLastTag();
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE uint32 ReadTagNoLastTag();
+
+  // This usually a faster alternative to ReadTag() when cutoff is a manifest
+  // constant.  It does particularly well for cutoff >= 127.  The first part
+  // of the return value is the tag that was read, though it can also be 0 in
+  // the cases where ReadTag() would return 0.  If the second part is true
+  // then the tag is known to be in [0, cutoff].  If not, the tag either is
+  // above cutoff or is 0.  (There's intentional wiggle room when tag is 0,
+  // because that can arise in several ways, and for best performance we want
+  // to avoid an extra "is tag == 0?" check here.)
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  std::pair<uint32, bool> ReadTagWithCutoff(uint32 cutoff) {
+    std::pair<uint32, bool> result = ReadTagWithCutoffNoLastTag(cutoff);
+    last_tag_ = result.first;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  std::pair<uint32, bool> ReadTagWithCutoffNoLastTag(uint32 cutoff);
+
+  // Usually returns true if calling ReadVarint32() now would produce the given
+  // value.  Will always return false if ReadVarint32() would not return the
+  // given value.  If ExpectTag() returns true, it also advances past
+  // the varint.  For best performance, use a compile-time constant as the
+  // parameter.
+  // Always inline because this collapses to a small number of instructions
+  // when given a constant parameter, but GCC doesn't want to inline by default.
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE bool ExpectTag(uint32 expected);
+
+  // Like above, except this reads from the specified buffer. The caller is
+  // responsible for ensuring that the buffer is large enough to read a varint
+  // of the expected size. For best performance, use a compile-time constant as
+  // the expected tag parameter.
+  //
+  // Returns a pointer beyond the expected tag if it was found, or NULL if it
+  // was not.
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  static const uint8* ExpectTagFromArray(const uint8* buffer, uint32 expected);
+
+  // Usually returns true if no more bytes can be read.  Always returns false
+  // if more bytes can be read.  If ExpectAtEnd() returns true, a subsequent
+  // call to LastTagWas() will act as if ReadTag() had been called and returned
+  // zero, and ConsumedEntireMessage() will return true.
+  bool ExpectAtEnd();
+
+  // If the last call to ReadTag() or ReadTagWithCutoff() returned the given
+  // value, returns true.  Otherwise, returns false.
+  // ReadTagNoLastTag/ReadTagWithCutoffNoLastTag do not preserve the last
+  // returned value.
+  //
+  // This is needed because parsers for some types of embedded messages
+  // (with field type TYPE_GROUP) don't actually know that they've reached the
+  // end of a message until they see an ENDGROUP tag, which was actually part
+  // of the enclosing message.  The enclosing message would like to check that
+  // tag to make sure it had the right number, so it calls LastTagWas() on
+  // return from the embedded parser to check.
+  bool LastTagWas(uint32 expected);
+  void SetLastTag(uint32 tag) { last_tag_ = tag; }
+
+  // When parsing message (but NOT a group), this method must be called
+  // immediately after MergeFromCodedStream() returns (if it returns true)
+  // to further verify that the message ended in a legitimate way.  For
+  // example, this verifies that parsing did not end on an end-group tag.
+  // It also checks for some cases where, due to optimizations,
+  // MergeFromCodedStream() can incorrectly return true.
+  bool ConsumedEntireMessage();
+  void SetConsumed() { legitimate_message_end_ = true; }
+
+  // Limits ----------------------------------------------------------
+  // Limits are used when parsing length-delimited embedded messages.
+  // After the message's length is read, PushLimit() is used to prevent
+  // the CodedInputStream from reading beyond that length.  Once the
+  // embedded message has been parsed, PopLimit() is called to undo the
+  // limit.
+
+  // Opaque type used with PushLimit() and PopLimit().  Do not modify
+  // values of this type yourself.  The only reason that this isn't a
+  // struct with private internals is for efficiency.
+  typedef int Limit;
+
+  // Places a limit on the number of bytes that the stream may read,
+  // starting from the current position.  Once the stream hits this limit,
+  // it will act like the end of the input has been reached until PopLimit()
+  // is called.
+  //
+  // As the names imply, the stream conceptually has a stack of limits.  The
+  // shortest limit on the stack is always enforced, even if it is not the
+  // top limit.
+  //
+  // The value returned by PushLimit() is opaque to the caller, and must
+  // be passed unchanged to the corresponding call to PopLimit().
+  Limit PushLimit(int byte_limit);
+
+  // Pops the last limit pushed by PushLimit().  The input must be the value
+  // returned by that call to PushLimit().
+  void PopLimit(Limit limit);
+
+  // Returns the number of bytes left until the nearest limit on the
+  // stack is hit, or -1 if no limits are in place.
+  int BytesUntilLimit() const;
+
+  // Returns current position relative to the beginning of the input stream.
+  int CurrentPosition() const;
+
+  // Total Bytes Limit -----------------------------------------------
+  // To prevent malicious users from sending excessively large messages
+  // and causing memory exhaustion, CodedInputStream imposes a hard limit on
+  // the total number of bytes it will read.
+
+  // Sets the maximum number of bytes that this CodedInputStream will read
+  // before refusing to continue.  To prevent servers from allocating enormous
+  // amounts of memory to hold parsed messages, the maximum message length
+  // should be limited to the shortest length that will not harm usability.
+  // The default limit is INT_MAX (~2GB) and apps should set shorter limits
+  // if possible. An error will always be printed to stderr if the limit is
+  // reached.
+  //
+  // Note: setting a limit less than the current read position is interpreted
+  // as a limit on the current position.
+  //
+  // This is unrelated to PushLimit()/PopLimit().
+  void SetTotalBytesLimit(int total_bytes_limit);
+
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG(
+      "Please use the single parameter version of SetTotalBytesLimit(). The "
+      "second parameter is ignored.")
+  void SetTotalBytesLimit(int total_bytes_limit, int) {
+    SetTotalBytesLimit(total_bytes_limit);
+  }
+
+  // The Total Bytes Limit minus the Current Position, or -1 if the total bytes
+  // limit is INT_MAX.
+  int BytesUntilTotalBytesLimit() const;
+
+  // Recursion Limit -------------------------------------------------
+  // To prevent corrupt or malicious messages from causing stack overflows,
+  // we must keep track of the depth of recursion when parsing embedded
+  // messages and groups.  CodedInputStream keeps track of this because it
+  // is the only object that is passed down the stack during parsing.
+
+  // Sets the maximum recursion depth.  The default is 100.
+  void SetRecursionLimit(int limit);
+  int RecursionBudget() { return recursion_budget_; }
+
+  static int GetDefaultRecursionLimit() { return default_recursion_limit_; }
+
+  // Increments the current recursion depth.  Returns true if the depth is
+  // under the limit, false if it has gone over.
+  bool IncrementRecursionDepth();
+
+  // Decrements the recursion depth if possible.
+  void DecrementRecursionDepth();
+
+  // Decrements the recursion depth blindly.  This is faster than
+  // DecrementRecursionDepth().  It should be used only if all previous
+  // increments to recursion depth were successful.
+  void UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+
+  // Shorthand for make_pair(PushLimit(byte_limit), --recursion_budget_).
+  // Using this can reduce code size and complexity in some cases.  The caller
+  // is expected to check that the second part of the result is non-negative (to
+  // bail out if the depth of recursion is too high) and, if all is well, to
+  // later pass the first part of the result to PopLimit() or similar.
+  std::pair<CodedInputStream::Limit, int> IncrementRecursionDepthAndPushLimit(
+      int byte_limit);
+
+  // Shorthand for PushLimit(ReadVarint32(&length) ? length : 0).
+  Limit ReadLengthAndPushLimit();
+
+  // Helper that is equivalent to: {
+  //  bool result = ConsumedEntireMessage();
+  //  PopLimit(limit);
+  //  UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+  //  return result; }
+  // Using this can reduce code size and complexity in some cases.
+  // Do not use unless the current recursion depth is greater than zero.
+  bool DecrementRecursionDepthAndPopLimit(Limit limit);
+
+  // Helper that is equivalent to: {
+  //  bool result = ConsumedEntireMessage();
+  //  PopLimit(limit);
+  //  return result; }
+  // Using this can reduce code size and complexity in some cases.
+  bool CheckEntireMessageConsumedAndPopLimit(Limit limit);
+
+  // Extension Registry ----------------------------------------------
+  // ADVANCED USAGE:  99.9% of people can ignore this section.
+  //
+  // By default, when parsing extensions, the parser looks for extension
+  // definitions in the pool which owns the outer message's Descriptor.
+  // However, you may call SetExtensionRegistry() to provide an alternative
+  // pool instead.  This makes it possible, for example, to parse a message
+  // using a generated class, but represent some extensions using
+  // DynamicMessage.
+
+  // Set the pool used to look up extensions.  Most users do not need to call
+  // this as the correct pool will be chosen automatically.
+  //
+  // WARNING:  It is very easy to misuse this.  Carefully read the requirements
+  //   below.  Do not use this unless you are sure you need it.  Almost no one
+  //   does.
+  //
+  // Let's say you are parsing a message into message object m, and you want
+  // to take advantage of SetExtensionRegistry().  You must follow these
+  // requirements:
+  //
+  // The given DescriptorPool must contain m->GetDescriptor().  It is not
+  // sufficient for it to simply contain a descriptor that has the same name
+  // and content -- it must be the *exact object*.  In other words:
+  //   assert(pool->FindMessageTypeByName(m->GetDescriptor()->full_name()) ==
+  //          m->GetDescriptor());
+  // There are two ways to satisfy this requirement:
+  // 1) Use m->GetDescriptor()->pool() as the pool.  This is generally useless
+  //    because this is the pool that would be used anyway if you didn't call
+  //    SetExtensionRegistry() at all.
+  // 2) Use a DescriptorPool which has m->GetDescriptor()->pool() as an
+  //    "underlay".  Read the documentation for DescriptorPool for more
+  //    information about underlays.
+  //
+  // You must also provide a MessageFactory.  This factory will be used to
+  // construct Message objects representing extensions.  The factory's
+  // GetPrototype() MUST return non-NULL for any Descriptor which can be found
+  // through the provided pool.
+  //
+  // If the provided factory might return instances of protocol-compiler-
+  // generated (i.e. compiled-in) types, or if the outer message object m is
+  // a generated type, then the given factory MUST have this property:  If
+  // GetPrototype() is given a Descriptor which resides in
+  // DescriptorPool::generated_pool(), the factory MUST return the same
+  // prototype which MessageFactory::generated_factory() would return.  That
+  // is, given a descriptor for a generated type, the factory must return an
+  // instance of the generated class (NOT DynamicMessage).  However, when
+  // given a descriptor for a type that is NOT in generated_pool, the factory
+  // is free to return any implementation.
+  //
+  // The reason for this requirement is that generated sub-objects may be
+  // accessed via the standard (non-reflection) extension accessor methods,
+  // and these methods will down-cast the object to the generated class type.
+  // If the object is not actually of that type, the results would be undefined.
+  // On the other hand, if an extension is not compiled in, then there is no
+  // way the code could end up accessing it via the standard accessors -- the
+  // only way to access the extension is via reflection.  When using reflection,
+  // DynamicMessage and generated messages are indistinguishable, so it's fine
+  // if these objects are represented using DynamicMessage.
+  //
+  // Using DynamicMessageFactory on which you have called
+  // SetDelegateToGeneratedFactory(true) should be sufficient to satisfy the
+  // above requirement.
+  //
+  // If either pool or factory is NULL, both must be NULL.
+  //
+  // Note that this feature is ignored when parsing "lite" messages as they do
+  // not have descriptors.
+  void SetExtensionRegistry(const DescriptorPool* pool,
+                            MessageFactory* factory);
+
+  // Get the DescriptorPool set via SetExtensionRegistry(), or NULL if no pool
+  // has been provided.
+  const DescriptorPool* GetExtensionPool();
+
+  // Get the MessageFactory set via SetExtensionRegistry(), or NULL if no
+  // factory has been provided.
+  MessageFactory* GetExtensionFactory();
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CodedInputStream);
+
+  const uint8* buffer_;
+  const uint8* buffer_end_;  // pointer to the end of the buffer.
+  ZeroCopyInputStream* input_;
+  int total_bytes_read_;  // total bytes read from input_, including
+                          // the current buffer
+
+  // If total_bytes_read_ surpasses INT_MAX, we record the extra bytes here
+  // so that we can BackUp() on destruction.
+  int overflow_bytes_;
+
+  // LastTagWas() stuff.
+  uint32 last_tag_;  // result of last ReadTag() or ReadTagWithCutoff().
+
+  // This is set true by ReadTag{Fallback/Slow}() if it is called when exactly
+  // at EOF, or by ExpectAtEnd() when it returns true.  This happens when we
+  // reach the end of a message and attempt to read another tag.
+  bool legitimate_message_end_;
+
+  // See EnableAliasing().
+  bool aliasing_enabled_;
+
+  // Limits
+  Limit current_limit_;  // if position = -1, no limit is applied
+
+  // For simplicity, if the current buffer crosses a limit (either a normal
+  // limit created by PushLimit() or the total bytes limit), buffer_size_
+  // only tracks the number of bytes before that limit.  This field
+  // contains the number of bytes after it.  Note that this implies that if
+  // buffer_size_ == 0 and buffer_size_after_limit_ > 0, we know we've
+  // hit a limit.  However, if both are zero, it doesn't necessarily mean
+  // we aren't at a limit -- the buffer may have ended exactly at the limit.
+  int buffer_size_after_limit_;
+
+  // Maximum number of bytes to read, period.  This is unrelated to
+  // current_limit_.  Set using SetTotalBytesLimit().
+  int total_bytes_limit_;
+
+  // Current recursion budget, controlled by IncrementRecursionDepth() and
+  // similar.  Starts at recursion_limit_ and goes down: if this reaches
+  // -1 we are over budget.
+  int recursion_budget_;
+  // Recursion depth limit, set by SetRecursionLimit().
+  int recursion_limit_;
+
+  // See SetExtensionRegistry().
+  const DescriptorPool* extension_pool_;
+  MessageFactory* extension_factory_;
+
+  // Private member functions.
+
+  // Fallback when Skip() goes past the end of the current buffer.
+  bool SkipFallback(int count, int original_buffer_size);
+
+  // Advance the buffer by a given number of bytes.
+  void Advance(int amount);
+
+  // Back up input_ to the current buffer position.
+  void BackUpInputToCurrentPosition();
+
+  // Recomputes the value of buffer_size_after_limit_.  Must be called after
+  // current_limit_ or total_bytes_limit_ changes.
+  void RecomputeBufferLimits();
+
+  // Writes an error message saying that we hit total_bytes_limit_.
+  void PrintTotalBytesLimitError();
+
+  // Called when the buffer runs out to request more data.  Implies an
+  // Advance(BufferSize()).
+  bool Refresh();
+
+  // When parsing varints, we optimize for the common case of small values, and
+  // then optimize for the case when the varint fits within the current buffer
+  // piece. The Fallback method is used when we can't use the one-byte
+  // optimization. The Slow method is yet another fallback when the buffer is
+  // not large enough. Making the slow path out-of-line speeds up the common
+  // case by 10-15%. The slow path is fairly uncommon: it only triggers when a
+  // message crosses multiple buffers.  Note: ReadVarint32Fallback() and
+  // ReadVarint64Fallback() are called frequently and generally not inlined, so
+  // they have been optimized to avoid "out" parameters.  The former returns -1
+  // if it fails and the uint32 it read otherwise.  The latter has a bool
+  // indicating success or failure as part of its return type.
+  int64 ReadVarint32Fallback(uint32 first_byte_or_zero);
+  int ReadVarintSizeAsIntFallback();
+  std::pair<uint64, bool> ReadVarint64Fallback();
+  bool ReadVarint32Slow(uint32* value);
+  bool ReadVarint64Slow(uint64* value);
+  int ReadVarintSizeAsIntSlow();
+  bool ReadLittleEndian32Fallback(uint32* value);
+  bool ReadLittleEndian64Fallback(uint64* value);
+
+  // Fallback/slow methods for reading tags. These do not update last_tag_,
+  // but will set legitimate_message_end_ if we are at the end of the input
+  // stream.
+  uint32 ReadTagFallback(uint32 first_byte_or_zero);
+  uint32 ReadTagSlow();
+  bool ReadStringFallback(std::string* buffer, int size);
+
+  // Return the size of the buffer.
+  int BufferSize() const;
+
+  static const int kDefaultTotalBytesLimit = INT_MAX;
+
+  static int default_recursion_limit_;  // 100 by default.
+
+  friend class google::protobuf::ZeroCopyCodedInputStream;
+  friend class google::protobuf::internal::EpsCopyByteStream;
+};
+
+// EpsCopyOutputStream wraps a ZeroCopyOutputStream and exposes a new stream,
+// which has the property you can write kSlopBytes (16 bytes) from the current
+// position without bounds checks. The cursor into the stream is managed by
+// the user of the class and is an explicit parameter in the methods. Careful
+// use of this class, ie. keep ptr a local variable, eliminates the need to
+// for the compiler to sync the ptr value between register and memory.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT EpsCopyOutputStream {
+ public:
+  enum { kSlopBytes = 16 };
+
+  // Initialize from a stream.
+  EpsCopyOutputStream(ZeroCopyOutputStream* stream, bool deterministic,
+                      uint8** pp)
+      : end_(buffer_),
+        stream_(stream),
+        is_serialization_deterministic_(deterministic) {
+    *pp = buffer_;
+  }
+
+  // Only for array serialization. No overflow protection, end_ will be the
+  // pointed to the end of the array. When using this the total size is already
+  // known, so no need to maintain the slop region.
+  EpsCopyOutputStream(void* data, int size, bool deterministic)
+      : end_(static_cast<uint8*>(data) + size),
+        buffer_end_(nullptr),
+        stream_(nullptr),
+        is_serialization_deterministic_(deterministic) {}
+
+  // Initialize from stream but with the first buffer already given (eager).
+  EpsCopyOutputStream(void* data, int size, ZeroCopyOutputStream* stream,
+                      bool deterministic, uint8** pp)
+      : stream_(stream), is_serialization_deterministic_(deterministic) {
+    *pp = SetInitialBuffer(data, size);
+  }
+
+  // Flush everything that's written into the underlying ZeroCopyOutputStream
+  // and trims the underlying stream to the location of ptr.
+  uint8* Trim(uint8* ptr);
+
+  // After this it's guaranteed you can safely write kSlopBytes to ptr. This
+  // will never fail! The underlying stream can produce an error. Use HadError
+  // to check for errors.
+  PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT uint8* EnsureSpace(uint8* ptr) {
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(ptr >= end_)) {
+      return EnsureSpaceFallback(ptr);
+    }
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+  uint8* WriteRaw(const void* data, int size, uint8* ptr) {
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(end_ - ptr < size)) {
+      return WriteRawFallback(data, size, ptr);
+    }
+    std::memcpy(ptr, data, size);
+    return ptr + size;
+  }
+  // Writes the buffer specified by data, size to the stream. Possibly by
+  // aliasing the buffer (ie. not copying the data). The caller is responsible
+  // to make sure the buffer is alive for the duration of the
+  // ZeroCopyOutputStream.
+  uint8* WriteRawMaybeAliased(const void* data, int size, uint8* ptr) {
+    if (aliasing_enabled_) {
+      return WriteAliasedRaw(data, size, ptr);
+    } else {
+      return WriteRaw(data, size, ptr);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  uint8* WriteStringMaybeAliased(uint32 num, const std::string& s, uint8* ptr) {
+    std::ptrdiff_t size = s.size();
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+            size >= 128 || end_ - ptr + 16 - TagSize(num << 3) - 1 < size)) {
+      return WriteStringMaybeAliasedOutline(num, s, ptr);
+    }
+    ptr = UnsafeVarint((num << 3) | 2, ptr);
+    *ptr++ = static_cast<uint8>(size);
+    std::memcpy(ptr, s.data(), size);
+    return ptr + size;
+  }
+  uint8* WriteBytesMaybeAliased(uint32 num, const std::string& s, uint8* ptr) {
+    return WriteStringMaybeAliased(num, s, ptr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE uint8* WriteString(uint32 num, const T& s,
+                                            uint8* ptr) {
+    std::ptrdiff_t size = s.size();
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(
+            size >= 128 || end_ - ptr + 16 - TagSize(num << 3) - 1 < size)) {
+      return WriteStringOutline(num, s, ptr);
+    }
+    ptr = UnsafeVarint((num << 3) | 2, ptr);
+    *ptr++ = static_cast<uint8>(size);
+    std::memcpy(ptr, s.data(), size);
+    return ptr + size;
+  }
+  template <typename T>
+  uint8* WriteBytes(uint32 num, const T& s, uint8* ptr) {
+    return WriteString(num, s, ptr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE uint8* WriteInt32Packed(int num, const T& r, int size,
+                                                 uint8* ptr) {
+    return WriteVarintPacked(num, r, size, ptr, Encode64);
+  }
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE uint8* WriteUInt32Packed(int num, const T& r, int size,
+                                                  uint8* ptr) {
+    return WriteVarintPacked(num, r, size, ptr, Encode32);
+  }
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE uint8* WriteSInt32Packed(int num, const T& r, int size,
+                                                  uint8* ptr) {
+    return WriteVarintPacked(num, r, size, ptr, ZigZagEncode32);
+  }
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE uint8* WriteInt64Packed(int num, const T& r, int size,
+                                                 uint8* ptr) {
+    return WriteVarintPacked(num, r, size, ptr, Encode64);
+  }
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE uint8* WriteUInt64Packed(int num, const T& r, int size,
+                                                  uint8* ptr) {
+    return WriteVarintPacked(num, r, size, ptr, Encode64);
+  }
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE uint8* WriteSInt64Packed(int num, const T& r, int size,
+                                                  uint8* ptr) {
+    return WriteVarintPacked(num, r, size, ptr, ZigZagEncode64);
+  }
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE uint8* WriteEnumPacked(int num, const T& r, int size,
+                                                uint8* ptr) {
+    return WriteVarintPacked(num, r, size, ptr, Encode64);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE uint8* WriteFixedPacked(int num, const T& r,
+                                                 uint8* ptr) {
+    ptr = EnsureSpace(ptr);
+    constexpr auto element_size = sizeof(typename T::value_type);
+    auto size = r.size() * element_size;
+    ptr = WriteLengthDelim(num, size, ptr);
+    return WriteRawLittleEndian<element_size>(r.data(), static_cast<int>(size),
+                                              ptr);
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if there was an underlying I/O error since this object was
+  // created.
+  bool HadError() const { return had_error_; }
+
+  // Instructs the EpsCopyOutputStream to allow the underlying
+  // ZeroCopyOutputStream to hold pointers to the original structure instead of
+  // copying, if it supports it (i.e. output->AllowsAliasing() is true).  If the
+  // underlying stream does not support aliasing, then enabling it has no
+  // affect.  For now, this only affects the behavior of
+  // WriteRawMaybeAliased().
+  //
+  // NOTE: It is caller's responsibility to ensure that the chunk of memory
+  // remains live until all of the data has been consumed from the stream.
+  void EnableAliasing(bool enabled);
+
+  // See documentation on CodedOutputStream::SetSerializationDeterministic.
+  void SetSerializationDeterministic(bool value) {
+    is_serialization_deterministic_ = value;
+  }
+
+  // See documentation on CodedOutputStream::IsSerializationDeterministic.
+  bool IsSerializationDeterministic() const {
+    return is_serialization_deterministic_;
+  }
+
+  // The number of bytes writen to the stream at position ptr, relative to the
+  // stream's overall position.
+  int64 ByteCount(uint8* ptr) const;
+
+
+ private:
+  uint8* end_;
+  uint8* buffer_end_ = buffer_;
+  uint8 buffer_[2 * kSlopBytes];
+  ZeroCopyOutputStream* stream_;
+  bool had_error_ = false;
+  bool aliasing_enabled_ = false;  // See EnableAliasing().
+  bool is_serialization_deterministic_;
+
+  uint8* EnsureSpaceFallback(uint8* ptr);
+  inline uint8* Next();
+  int Flush(uint8* ptr);
+  std::ptrdiff_t GetSize(uint8* ptr) const {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(ptr <= end_ + kSlopBytes);  // NOLINT
+    return end_ + kSlopBytes - ptr;
+  }
+
+  uint8* Error() {
+    had_error_ = true;
+    // We use the patch buffer to always guarantee space to write to.
+    end_ = buffer_ + kSlopBytes;
+    return buffer_;
+  }
+
+  static constexpr int TagSize(uint32 tag) {
+    return (tag < (1 << 7))
+               ? 1
+               : (tag < (1 << 14))
+                     ? 2
+                     : (tag < (1 << 21)) ? 3 : (tag < (1 << 28)) ? 4 : 5;
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE uint8* WriteTag(uint32 num, uint32 wt, uint8* ptr) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(ptr < end_);  // NOLINT
+    return UnsafeVarint((num << 3) | wt, ptr);
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE uint8* WriteLengthDelim(int num, uint32 size,
+                                                 uint8* ptr) {
+    ptr = WriteTag(num, 2, ptr);
+    return UnsafeWriteSize(size, ptr);
+  }
+
+  uint8* WriteRawFallback(const void* data, int size, uint8* ptr);
+
+  uint8* WriteAliasedRaw(const void* data, int size, uint8* ptr);
+
+  uint8* WriteStringMaybeAliasedOutline(uint32 num, const std::string& s,
+                                        uint8* ptr);
+  uint8* WriteStringOutline(uint32 num, const std::string& s, uint8* ptr);
+
+  template <typename T, typename E>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE uint8* WriteVarintPacked(int num, const T& r, int size,
+                                                  uint8* ptr, const E& encode) {
+    ptr = EnsureSpace(ptr);
+    ptr = WriteLengthDelim(num, size, ptr);
+    auto it = r.data();
+    auto end = it + r.size();
+    do {
+      ptr = EnsureSpace(ptr);
+      ptr = UnsafeVarint(encode(*it++), ptr);
+    } while (it < end);
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+  static uint32 Encode32(uint32 v) { return v; }
+  static uint64 Encode64(uint64 v) { return v; }
+  static uint32 ZigZagEncode32(int32 v) {
+    return (static_cast<uint32>(v) << 1) ^ static_cast<uint32>(v >> 31);
+  }
+  static uint64 ZigZagEncode64(int64 v) {
+    return (static_cast<uint64>(v) << 1) ^ static_cast<uint64>(v >> 63);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* UnsafeVarint(T value, uint8* ptr) {
+    static_assert(std::is_unsigned<T>::value,
+                  "Varint serialization must be unsigned");
+    if (value < 0x80) {
+      ptr[0] = static_cast<uint8>(value);
+      return ptr + 1;
+    }
+    ptr[0] = static_cast<uint8>(value | 0x80);
+    value >>= 7;
+    if (value < 0x80) {
+      ptr[1] = static_cast<uint8>(value);
+      return ptr + 2;
+    }
+    ptr++;
+    do {
+      *ptr = static_cast<uint8>(value | 0x80);
+      value >>= 7;
+      ++ptr;
+    } while (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(value >= 0x80));
+    *ptr++ = static_cast<uint8>(value);
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* UnsafeWriteSize(uint32 value,
+                                                       uint8* ptr) {
+    while (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(value >= 0x80)) {
+      *ptr = static_cast<uint8>(value | 0x80);
+      value >>= 7;
+      ++ptr;
+    }
+    *ptr++ = static_cast<uint8>(value);
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+  template <int S>
+  uint8* WriteRawLittleEndian(const void* data, int size, uint8* ptr);
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+  uint8* WriteRawLittleEndian32(const void* data, int size, uint8* ptr);
+  uint8* WriteRawLittleEndian64(const void* data, int size, uint8* ptr);
+#endif
+
+  // These methods are for CodedOutputStream. Ideally they should be private
+  // but to match current behavior of CodedOutputStream as close as possible
+  // we allow it some functionality.
+ public:
+  uint8* SetInitialBuffer(void* data, int size) {
+    auto ptr = static_cast<uint8*>(data);
+    if (size > kSlopBytes) {
+      end_ = ptr + size - kSlopBytes;
+      buffer_end_ = nullptr;
+      return ptr;
+    } else {
+      end_ = buffer_ + size;
+      buffer_end_ = ptr;
+      return buffer_;
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Needed by CodedOutputStream HadError. HadError needs to flush the patch
+  // buffers to ensure there is no error as of yet.
+  uint8* FlushAndResetBuffer(uint8*);
+
+  // The following functions mimick the old CodedOutputStream behavior as close
+  // as possible. They flush the current state to the stream, behave as
+  // the old CodedOutputStream and then return to normal operation.
+  bool Skip(int count, uint8** pp);
+  bool GetDirectBufferPointer(void** data, int* size, uint8** pp);
+  uint8* GetDirectBufferForNBytesAndAdvance(int size, uint8** pp);
+
+  friend class CodedOutputStream;
+};
+
+template <>
+inline uint8* EpsCopyOutputStream::WriteRawLittleEndian<1>(const void* data,
+                                                           int size,
+                                                           uint8* ptr) {
+  return WriteRaw(data, size, ptr);
+}
+template <>
+inline uint8* EpsCopyOutputStream::WriteRawLittleEndian<4>(const void* data,
+                                                           int size,
+                                                           uint8* ptr) {
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+  return WriteRaw(data, size, ptr);
+#else
+  return WriteRawLittleEndian32(data, size, ptr);
+#endif
+}
+template <>
+inline uint8* EpsCopyOutputStream::WriteRawLittleEndian<8>(const void* data,
+                                                           int size,
+                                                           uint8* ptr) {
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+  return WriteRaw(data, size, ptr);
+#else
+  return WriteRawLittleEndian64(data, size, ptr);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Class which encodes and writes binary data which is composed of varint-
+// encoded integers and fixed-width pieces.  Wraps a ZeroCopyOutputStream.
+// Most users will not need to deal with CodedOutputStream.
+//
+// Most methods of CodedOutputStream which return a bool return false if an
+// underlying I/O error occurs.  Once such a failure occurs, the
+// CodedOutputStream is broken and is no longer useful. The Write* methods do
+// not return the stream status, but will invalidate the stream if an error
+// occurs. The client can probe HadError() to determine the status.
+//
+// Note that every method of CodedOutputStream which writes some data has
+// a corresponding static "ToArray" version. These versions write directly
+// to the provided buffer, returning a pointer past the last written byte.
+// They require that the buffer has sufficient capacity for the encoded data.
+// This allows an optimization where we check if an output stream has enough
+// space for an entire message before we start writing and, if there is, we
+// call only the ToArray methods to avoid doing bound checks for each
+// individual value.
+// i.e., in the example above:
+//
+//   CodedOutputStream* coded_output = new CodedOutputStream(raw_output);
+//   int magic_number = 1234;
+//   char text[] = "Hello world!";
+//
+//   int coded_size = sizeof(magic_number) +
+//                    CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(strlen(text)) +
+//                    strlen(text);
+//
+//   uint8* buffer =
+//       coded_output->GetDirectBufferForNBytesAndAdvance(coded_size);
+//   if (buffer != nullptr) {
+//     // The output stream has enough space in the buffer: write directly to
+//     // the array.
+//     buffer = CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian32ToArray(magic_number,
+//                                                            buffer);
+//     buffer = CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(strlen(text), buffer);
+//     buffer = CodedOutputStream::WriteRawToArray(text, strlen(text), buffer);
+//   } else {
+//     // Make bound-checked writes, which will ask the underlying stream for
+//     // more space as needed.
+//     coded_output->WriteLittleEndian32(magic_number);
+//     coded_output->WriteVarint32(strlen(text));
+//     coded_output->WriteRaw(text, strlen(text));
+//   }
+//
+//   delete coded_output;
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT CodedOutputStream {
+ public:
+  // Create an CodedOutputStream that writes to the given ZeroCopyOutputStream.
+  explicit CodedOutputStream(ZeroCopyOutputStream* stream)
+      : CodedOutputStream(stream, true) {}
+  CodedOutputStream(ZeroCopyOutputStream* stream, bool do_eager_refresh);
+
+  // Destroy the CodedOutputStream and position the underlying
+  // ZeroCopyOutputStream immediately after the last byte written.
+  ~CodedOutputStream();
+
+  // Returns true if there was an underlying I/O error since this object was
+  // created. On should call Trim before this function in order to catch all
+  // errors.
+  bool HadError() {
+    cur_ = impl_.FlushAndResetBuffer(cur_);
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(cur_);
+    return impl_.HadError();
+  }
+
+  // Trims any unused space in the underlying buffer so that its size matches
+  // the number of bytes written by this stream. The underlying buffer will
+  // automatically be trimmed when this stream is destroyed; this call is only
+  // necessary if the underlying buffer is accessed *before* the stream is
+  // destroyed.
+  void Trim() { cur_ = impl_.Trim(cur_); }
+
+  // Skips a number of bytes, leaving the bytes unmodified in the underlying
+  // buffer.  Returns false if an underlying write error occurs.  This is
+  // mainly useful with GetDirectBufferPointer().
+  // Note of caution, the skipped bytes may contain uninitialized data. The
+  // caller must make sure that the skipped bytes are properly initialized,
+  // otherwise you might leak bytes from your heap.
+  bool Skip(int count) { return impl_.Skip(count, &cur_); }
+
+  // Sets *data to point directly at the unwritten part of the
+  // CodedOutputStream's underlying buffer, and *size to the size of that
+  // buffer, but does not advance the stream's current position.  This will
+  // always either produce a non-empty buffer or return false.  If the caller
+  // writes any data to this buffer, it should then call Skip() to skip over
+  // the consumed bytes.  This may be useful for implementing external fast
+  // serialization routines for types of data not covered by the
+  // CodedOutputStream interface.
+  bool GetDirectBufferPointer(void** data, int* size) {
+    return impl_.GetDirectBufferPointer(data, size, &cur_);
+  }
+
+  // If there are at least "size" bytes available in the current buffer,
+  // returns a pointer directly into the buffer and advances over these bytes.
+  // The caller may then write directly into this buffer (e.g. using the
+  // *ToArray static methods) rather than go through CodedOutputStream.  If
+  // there are not enough bytes available, returns NULL.  The return pointer is
+  // invalidated as soon as any other non-const method of CodedOutputStream
+  // is called.
+  inline uint8* GetDirectBufferForNBytesAndAdvance(int size) {
+    return impl_.GetDirectBufferForNBytesAndAdvance(size, &cur_);
+  }
+
+  // Write raw bytes, copying them from the given buffer.
+  void WriteRaw(const void* buffer, int size) {
+    cur_ = impl_.WriteRaw(buffer, size, cur_);
+  }
+  // Like WriteRaw()  but will try to write aliased data if aliasing is
+  // turned on.
+  void WriteRawMaybeAliased(const void* data, int size);
+  // Like WriteRaw()  but writing directly to the target array.
+  // This is _not_ inlined, as the compiler often optimizes memcpy into inline
+  // copy loops. Since this gets called by every field with string or bytes
+  // type, inlining may lead to a significant amount of code bloat, with only a
+  // minor performance gain.
+  static uint8* WriteRawToArray(const void* buffer, int size, uint8* target);
+
+  // Equivalent to WriteRaw(str.data(), str.size()).
+  void WriteString(const std::string& str);
+  // Like WriteString()  but writing directly to the target array.
+  static uint8* WriteStringToArray(const std::string& str, uint8* target);
+  // Write the varint-encoded size of str followed by str.
+  static uint8* WriteStringWithSizeToArray(const std::string& str,
+                                           uint8* target);
+
+
+  // Write a 32-bit little-endian integer.
+  void WriteLittleEndian32(uint32 value) {
+    cur_ = impl_.EnsureSpace(cur_);
+    SetCur(WriteLittleEndian32ToArray(value, Cur()));
+  }
+  // Like WriteLittleEndian32()  but writing directly to the target array.
+  static uint8* WriteLittleEndian32ToArray(uint32 value, uint8* target);
+  // Write a 64-bit little-endian integer.
+  void WriteLittleEndian64(uint64 value) {
+    cur_ = impl_.EnsureSpace(cur_);
+    SetCur(WriteLittleEndian64ToArray(value, Cur()));
+  }
+  // Like WriteLittleEndian64()  but writing directly to the target array.
+  static uint8* WriteLittleEndian64ToArray(uint64 value, uint8* target);
+
+  // Write an unsigned integer with Varint encoding.  Writing a 32-bit value
+  // is equivalent to casting it to uint64 and writing it as a 64-bit value,
+  // but may be more efficient.
+  void WriteVarint32(uint32 value);
+  // Like WriteVarint32()  but writing directly to the target array.
+  static uint8* WriteVarint32ToArray(uint32 value, uint8* target);
+  // Write an unsigned integer with Varint encoding.
+  void WriteVarint64(uint64 value);
+  // Like WriteVarint64()  but writing directly to the target array.
+  static uint8* WriteVarint64ToArray(uint64 value, uint8* target);
+
+  // Equivalent to WriteVarint32() except when the value is negative,
+  // in which case it must be sign-extended to a full 10 bytes.
+  void WriteVarint32SignExtended(int32 value);
+  // Like WriteVarint32SignExtended()  but writing directly to the target array.
+  static uint8* WriteVarint32SignExtendedToArray(int32 value, uint8* target);
+
+  // This is identical to WriteVarint32(), but optimized for writing tags.
+  // In particular, if the input is a compile-time constant, this method
+  // compiles down to a couple instructions.
+  // Always inline because otherwise the aformentioned optimization can't work,
+  // but GCC by default doesn't want to inline this.
+  void WriteTag(uint32 value);
+  // Like WriteTag()  but writing directly to the target array.
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  static uint8* WriteTagToArray(uint32 value, uint8* target);
+
+  // Returns the number of bytes needed to encode the given value as a varint.
+  static size_t VarintSize32(uint32 value);
+  // Returns the number of bytes needed to encode the given value as a varint.
+  static size_t VarintSize64(uint64 value);
+
+  // If negative, 10 bytes.  Otheriwse, same as VarintSize32().
+  static size_t VarintSize32SignExtended(int32 value);
+
+  // Compile-time equivalent of VarintSize32().
+  template <uint32 Value>
+  struct StaticVarintSize32 {
+    static const size_t value =
+        (Value < (1 << 7))
+            ? 1
+            : (Value < (1 << 14))
+                  ? 2
+                  : (Value < (1 << 21)) ? 3 : (Value < (1 << 28)) ? 4 : 5;
+  };
+
+  // Returns the total number of bytes written since this object was created.
+  int ByteCount() const {
+    return static_cast<int>(impl_.ByteCount(cur_) - start_count_);
+  }
+
+  // Instructs the CodedOutputStream to allow the underlying
+  // ZeroCopyOutputStream to hold pointers to the original structure instead of
+  // copying, if it supports it (i.e. output->AllowsAliasing() is true).  If the
+  // underlying stream does not support aliasing, then enabling it has no
+  // affect.  For now, this only affects the behavior of
+  // WriteRawMaybeAliased().
+  //
+  // NOTE: It is caller's responsibility to ensure that the chunk of memory
+  // remains live until all of the data has been consumed from the stream.
+  void EnableAliasing(bool enabled) { impl_.EnableAliasing(enabled); }
+
+  // Indicate to the serializer whether the user wants derministic
+  // serialization. The default when this is not called comes from the global
+  // default, controlled by SetDefaultSerializationDeterministic.
+  //
+  // What deterministic serialization means is entirely up to the driver of the
+  // serialization process (i.e. the caller of methods like WriteVarint32). In
+  // the case of serializing a proto buffer message using one of the methods of
+  // MessageLite, this means that for a given binary equal messages will always
+  // be serialized to the same bytes. This implies:
+  //
+  //   * Repeated serialization of a message will return the same bytes.
+  //
+  //   * Different processes running the same binary (including on different
+  //     machines) will serialize equal messages to the same bytes.
+  //
+  // Note that this is *not* canonical across languages. It is also unstable
+  // across different builds with intervening message definition changes, due to
+  // unknown fields. Users who need canonical serialization (e.g. persistent
+  // storage in a canonical form, fingerprinting) should define their own
+  // canonicalization specification and implement the serializer using
+  // reflection APIs rather than relying on this API.
+  void SetSerializationDeterministic(bool value) {
+    impl_.SetSerializationDeterministic(value);
+  }
+
+  // Return whether the user wants deterministic serialization. See above.
+  bool IsSerializationDeterministic() const {
+    return impl_.IsSerializationDeterministic();
+  }
+
+  static bool IsDefaultSerializationDeterministic() {
+    return default_serialization_deterministic_.load(
+               std::memory_order_relaxed) != 0;
+  }
+
+  template <typename Func>
+  void Serialize(const Func& func);
+
+  uint8* Cur() const { return cur_; }
+  void SetCur(uint8* ptr) { cur_ = ptr; }
+  EpsCopyOutputStream* EpsCopy() { return &impl_; }
+
+ private:
+  EpsCopyOutputStream impl_;
+  uint8* cur_;
+  int64 start_count_;
+  static std::atomic<bool> default_serialization_deterministic_;
+
+  // See above.  Other projects may use "friend" to allow them to call this.
+  // After SetDefaultSerializationDeterministic() completes, all protocol
+  // buffer serializations will be deterministic by default.  Thread safe.
+  // However, the meaning of "after" is subtle here: to be safe, each thread
+  // that wants deterministic serialization by default needs to call
+  // SetDefaultSerializationDeterministic() or ensure on its own that another
+  // thread has done so.
+  friend void internal::MapTestForceDeterministic();
+  static void SetDefaultSerializationDeterministic() {
+    default_serialization_deterministic_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CodedOutputStream);
+};
+
+// inline methods ====================================================
+// The vast majority of varints are only one byte.  These inline
+// methods optimize for that case.
+
+inline bool CodedInputStream::ReadVarint32(uint32* value) {
+  uint32 v = 0;
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(buffer_ < buffer_end_)) {
+    v = *buffer_;
+    if (v < 0x80) {
+      *value = v;
+      Advance(1);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  int64 result = ReadVarint32Fallback(v);
+  *value = static_cast<uint32>(result);
+  return result >= 0;
+}
+
+inline bool CodedInputStream::ReadVarint64(uint64* value) {
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(buffer_ < buffer_end_) && *buffer_ < 0x80) {
+    *value = *buffer_;
+    Advance(1);
+    return true;
+  }
+  std::pair<uint64, bool> p = ReadVarint64Fallback();
+  *value = p.first;
+  return p.second;
+}
+
+inline bool CodedInputStream::ReadVarintSizeAsInt(int* value) {
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(buffer_ < buffer_end_)) {
+    int v = *buffer_;
+    if (v < 0x80) {
+      *value = v;
+      Advance(1);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  *value = ReadVarintSizeAsIntFallback();
+  return *value >= 0;
+}
+
+// static
+inline const uint8* CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian32FromArray(
+    const uint8* buffer, uint32* value) {
+#if defined(PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+  memcpy(value, buffer, sizeof(*value));
+  return buffer + sizeof(*value);
+#else
+  *value = (static_cast<uint32>(buffer[0])) |
+           (static_cast<uint32>(buffer[1]) << 8) |
+           (static_cast<uint32>(buffer[2]) << 16) |
+           (static_cast<uint32>(buffer[3]) << 24);
+  return buffer + sizeof(*value);
+#endif
+}
+// static
+inline const uint8* CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian64FromArray(
+    const uint8* buffer, uint64* value) {
+#if defined(PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+  memcpy(value, buffer, sizeof(*value));
+  return buffer + sizeof(*value);
+#else
+  uint32 part0 = (static_cast<uint32>(buffer[0])) |
+                 (static_cast<uint32>(buffer[1]) << 8) |
+                 (static_cast<uint32>(buffer[2]) << 16) |
+                 (static_cast<uint32>(buffer[3]) << 24);
+  uint32 part1 = (static_cast<uint32>(buffer[4])) |
+                 (static_cast<uint32>(buffer[5]) << 8) |
+                 (static_cast<uint32>(buffer[6]) << 16) |
+                 (static_cast<uint32>(buffer[7]) << 24);
+  *value = static_cast<uint64>(part0) | (static_cast<uint64>(part1) << 32);
+  return buffer + sizeof(*value);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline bool CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian32(uint32* value) {
+#if defined(PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(BufferSize() >= static_cast<int>(sizeof(*value)))) {
+    buffer_ = ReadLittleEndian32FromArray(buffer_, value);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return ReadLittleEndian32Fallback(value);
+  }
+#else
+  return ReadLittleEndian32Fallback(value);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline bool CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian64(uint64* value) {
+#if defined(PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(BufferSize() >= static_cast<int>(sizeof(*value)))) {
+    buffer_ = ReadLittleEndian64FromArray(buffer_, value);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return ReadLittleEndian64Fallback(value);
+  }
+#else
+  return ReadLittleEndian64Fallback(value);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline uint32 CodedInputStream::ReadTagNoLastTag() {
+  uint32 v = 0;
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(buffer_ < buffer_end_)) {
+    v = *buffer_;
+    if (v < 0x80) {
+      Advance(1);
+      return v;
+    }
+  }
+  v = ReadTagFallback(v);
+  return v;
+}
+
+inline std::pair<uint32, bool> CodedInputStream::ReadTagWithCutoffNoLastTag(
+    uint32 cutoff) {
+  // In performance-sensitive code we can expect cutoff to be a compile-time
+  // constant, and things like "cutoff >= kMax1ByteVarint" to be evaluated at
+  // compile time.
+  uint32 first_byte_or_zero = 0;
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(buffer_ < buffer_end_)) {
+    // Hot case: buffer_ non_empty, buffer_[0] in [1, 128).
+    // TODO(gpike): Is it worth rearranging this? E.g., if the number of fields
+    // is large enough then is it better to check for the two-byte case first?
+    first_byte_or_zero = buffer_[0];
+    if (static_cast<int8>(buffer_[0]) > 0) {
+      const uint32 kMax1ByteVarint = 0x7f;
+      uint32 tag = buffer_[0];
+      Advance(1);
+      return std::make_pair(tag, cutoff >= kMax1ByteVarint || tag <= cutoff);
+    }
+    // Other hot case: cutoff >= 0x80, buffer_ has at least two bytes available,
+    // and tag is two bytes.  The latter is tested by bitwise-and-not of the
+    // first byte and the second byte.
+    if (cutoff >= 0x80 && PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(buffer_ + 1 < buffer_end_) &&
+        PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE((buffer_[0] & ~buffer_[1]) >= 0x80)) {
+      const uint32 kMax2ByteVarint = (0x7f << 7) + 0x7f;
+      uint32 tag = (1u << 7) * buffer_[1] + (buffer_[0] - 0x80);
+      Advance(2);
+      // It might make sense to test for tag == 0 now, but it is so rare that
+      // that we don't bother.  A varint-encoded 0 should be one byte unless
+      // the encoder lost its mind.  The second part of the return value of
+      // this function is allowed to be either true or false if the tag is 0,
+      // so we don't have to check for tag == 0.  We may need to check whether
+      // it exceeds cutoff.
+      bool at_or_below_cutoff = cutoff >= kMax2ByteVarint || tag <= cutoff;
+      return std::make_pair(tag, at_or_below_cutoff);
+    }
+  }
+  // Slow path
+  const uint32 tag = ReadTagFallback(first_byte_or_zero);
+  return std::make_pair(tag, static_cast<uint32>(tag - 1) < cutoff);
+}
+
+inline bool CodedInputStream::LastTagWas(uint32 expected) {
+  return last_tag_ == expected;
+}
+
+inline bool CodedInputStream::ConsumedEntireMessage() {
+  return legitimate_message_end_;
+}
+
+inline bool CodedInputStream::ExpectTag(uint32 expected) {
+  if (expected < (1 << 7)) {
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(buffer_ < buffer_end_) &&
+        buffer_[0] == expected) {
+      Advance(1);
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else if (expected < (1 << 14)) {
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(BufferSize() >= 2) &&
+        buffer_[0] == static_cast<uint8>(expected | 0x80) &&
+        buffer_[1] == static_cast<uint8>(expected >> 7)) {
+      Advance(2);
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Don't bother optimizing for larger values.
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+inline const uint8* CodedInputStream::ExpectTagFromArray(const uint8* buffer,
+                                                         uint32 expected) {
+  if (expected < (1 << 7)) {
+    if (buffer[0] == expected) {
+      return buffer + 1;
+    }
+  } else if (expected < (1 << 14)) {
+    if (buffer[0] == static_cast<uint8>(expected | 0x80) &&
+        buffer[1] == static_cast<uint8>(expected >> 7)) {
+      return buffer + 2;
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+inline void CodedInputStream::GetDirectBufferPointerInline(const void** data,
+                                                           int* size) {
+  *data = buffer_;
+  *size = static_cast<int>(buffer_end_ - buffer_);
+}
+
+inline bool CodedInputStream::ExpectAtEnd() {
+  // If we are at a limit we know no more bytes can be read.  Otherwise, it's
+  // hard to say without calling Refresh(), and we'd rather not do that.
+
+  if (buffer_ == buffer_end_ && ((buffer_size_after_limit_ != 0) ||
+                                 (total_bytes_read_ == current_limit_))) {
+    last_tag_ = 0;                   // Pretend we called ReadTag()...
+    legitimate_message_end_ = true;  // ... and it hit EOF.
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+inline int CodedInputStream::CurrentPosition() const {
+  return total_bytes_read_ - (BufferSize() + buffer_size_after_limit_);
+}
+
+inline void CodedInputStream::Advance(int amount) { buffer_ += amount; }
+
+inline void CodedInputStream::SetRecursionLimit(int limit) {
+  recursion_budget_ += limit - recursion_limit_;
+  recursion_limit_ = limit;
+}
+
+inline bool CodedInputStream::IncrementRecursionDepth() {
+  --recursion_budget_;
+  return recursion_budget_ >= 0;
+}
+
+inline void CodedInputStream::DecrementRecursionDepth() {
+  if (recursion_budget_ < recursion_limit_) ++recursion_budget_;
+}
+
+inline void CodedInputStream::UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth() {
+  assert(recursion_budget_ < recursion_limit_);
+  ++recursion_budget_;
+}
+
+inline void CodedInputStream::SetExtensionRegistry(const DescriptorPool* pool,
+                                                   MessageFactory* factory) {
+  extension_pool_ = pool;
+  extension_factory_ = factory;
+}
+
+inline const DescriptorPool* CodedInputStream::GetExtensionPool() {
+  return extension_pool_;
+}
+
+inline MessageFactory* CodedInputStream::GetExtensionFactory() {
+  return extension_factory_;
+}
+
+inline int CodedInputStream::BufferSize() const {
+  return static_cast<int>(buffer_end_ - buffer_);
+}
+
+inline CodedInputStream::CodedInputStream(ZeroCopyInputStream* input)
+    : buffer_(nullptr),
+      buffer_end_(nullptr),
+      input_(input),
+      total_bytes_read_(0),
+      overflow_bytes_(0),
+      last_tag_(0),
+      legitimate_message_end_(false),
+      aliasing_enabled_(false),
+      current_limit_(kint32max),
+      buffer_size_after_limit_(0),
+      total_bytes_limit_(kDefaultTotalBytesLimit),
+      recursion_budget_(default_recursion_limit_),
+      recursion_limit_(default_recursion_limit_),
+      extension_pool_(nullptr),
+      extension_factory_(nullptr) {
+  // Eagerly Refresh() so buffer space is immediately available.
+  Refresh();
+}
+
+inline CodedInputStream::CodedInputStream(const uint8* buffer, int size)
+    : buffer_(buffer),
+      buffer_end_(buffer + size),
+      input_(nullptr),
+      total_bytes_read_(size),
+      overflow_bytes_(0),
+      last_tag_(0),
+      legitimate_message_end_(false),
+      aliasing_enabled_(false),
+      current_limit_(size),
+      buffer_size_after_limit_(0),
+      total_bytes_limit_(kDefaultTotalBytesLimit),
+      recursion_budget_(default_recursion_limit_),
+      recursion_limit_(default_recursion_limit_),
+      extension_pool_(nullptr),
+      extension_factory_(nullptr) {
+  // Note that setting current_limit_ == size is important to prevent some
+  // code paths from trying to access input_ and segfaulting.
+}
+
+inline bool CodedInputStream::IsFlat() const { return input_ == nullptr; }
+
+inline bool CodedInputStream::Skip(int count) {
+  if (count < 0) return false;  // security: count is often user-supplied
+
+  const int original_buffer_size = BufferSize();
+
+  if (count <= original_buffer_size) {
+    // Just skipping within the current buffer.  Easy.
+    Advance(count);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return SkipFallback(count, original_buffer_size);
+}
+
+inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(uint32 value,
+                                                      uint8* target) {
+  return EpsCopyOutputStream::UnsafeVarint(value, target);
+}
+
+inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint64ToArray(uint64 value,
+                                                      uint8* target) {
+  return EpsCopyOutputStream::UnsafeVarint(value, target);
+}
+
+inline void CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32SignExtended(int32 value) {
+  WriteVarint64(static_cast<uint64>(value));
+}
+
+inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32SignExtendedToArray(
+    int32 value, uint8* target) {
+  return WriteVarint64ToArray(static_cast<uint64>(value), target);
+}
+
+inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian32ToArray(uint32 value,
+                                                            uint8* target) {
+#if defined(PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+  memcpy(target, &value, sizeof(value));
+#else
+  target[0] = static_cast<uint8>(value);
+  target[1] = static_cast<uint8>(value >> 8);
+  target[2] = static_cast<uint8>(value >> 16);
+  target[3] = static_cast<uint8>(value >> 24);
+#endif
+  return target + sizeof(value);
+}
+
+inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian64ToArray(uint64 value,
+                                                            uint8* target) {
+#if defined(PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+  memcpy(target, &value, sizeof(value));
+#else
+  uint32 part0 = static_cast<uint32>(value);
+  uint32 part1 = static_cast<uint32>(value >> 32);
+
+  target[0] = static_cast<uint8>(part0);
+  target[1] = static_cast<uint8>(part0 >> 8);
+  target[2] = static_cast<uint8>(part0 >> 16);
+  target[3] = static_cast<uint8>(part0 >> 24);
+  target[4] = static_cast<uint8>(part1);
+  target[5] = static_cast<uint8>(part1 >> 8);
+  target[6] = static_cast<uint8>(part1 >> 16);
+  target[7] = static_cast<uint8>(part1 >> 24);
+#endif
+  return target + sizeof(value);
+}
+
+inline void CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32(uint32 value) {
+  cur_ = impl_.EnsureSpace(cur_);
+  SetCur(WriteVarint32ToArray(value, Cur()));
+}
+
+inline void CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint64(uint64 value) {
+  cur_ = impl_.EnsureSpace(cur_);
+  SetCur(WriteVarint64ToArray(value, Cur()));
+}
+
+inline void CodedOutputStream::WriteTag(uint32 value) { WriteVarint32(value); }
+
+inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(uint32 value, uint8* target) {
+  return WriteVarint32ToArray(value, target);
+}
+
+inline size_t CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(uint32 value) {
+  // This computes value == 0 ? 1 : floor(log2(value)) / 7 + 1
+  // Use an explicit multiplication to implement the divide of
+  // a number in the 1..31 range.
+  // Explicit OR 0x1 to avoid calling Bits::Log2FloorNonZero(0), which is
+  // undefined.
+  uint32 log2value = Bits::Log2FloorNonZero(value | 0x1);
+  return static_cast<size_t>((log2value * 9 + 73) / 64);
+}
+
+inline size_t CodedOutputStream::VarintSize64(uint64 value) {
+  // This computes value == 0 ? 1 : floor(log2(value)) / 7 + 1
+  // Use an explicit multiplication to implement the divide of
+  // a number in the 1..63 range.
+  // Explicit OR 0x1 to avoid calling Bits::Log2FloorNonZero(0), which is
+  // undefined.
+  uint32 log2value = Bits::Log2FloorNonZero64(value | 0x1);
+  return static_cast<size_t>((log2value * 9 + 73) / 64);
+}
+
+inline size_t CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32SignExtended(int32 value) {
+  if (value < 0) {
+    return 10;  // TODO(kenton):  Make this a symbolic constant.
+  } else {
+    return VarintSize32(static_cast<uint32>(value));
+  }
+}
+
+inline void CodedOutputStream::WriteString(const std::string& str) {
+  WriteRaw(str.data(), static_cast<int>(str.size()));
+}
+
+inline void CodedOutputStream::WriteRawMaybeAliased(const void* data,
+                                                    int size) {
+  cur_ = impl_.WriteRawMaybeAliased(data, size, cur_);
+}
+
+inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteRawToArray(const void* data, int size,
+                                                 uint8* target) {
+  memcpy(target, data, size);
+  return target + size;
+}
+
+inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteStringToArray(const std::string& str,
+                                                    uint8* target) {
+  return WriteRawToArray(str.data(), static_cast<int>(str.size()), target);
+}
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1300 && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#pragma runtime_checks("c", restore)
+#endif  // _MSC_VER && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_CODED_STREAM_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a80aed34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1346 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file contains tests and benchmarks.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+// This declares an unsigned long long integer literal in a portable way.
+// (The original macro is way too big and ruins my formatting.)
+#undef ULL
+#define ULL(x) PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(x)
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+namespace {
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Data-Driven Test Infrastructure
+
+// TEST_1D and TEST_2D are macros I'd eventually like to see added to
+// gTest.  These macros can be used to declare tests which should be
+// run multiple times, once for each item in some input array.  TEST_1D
+// tests all cases in a single input array.  TEST_2D tests all
+// combinations of cases from two arrays.  The arrays must be statically
+// defined such that the GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE() macro works on them.  Example:
+//
+// int kCases[] = {1, 2, 3, 4}
+// TEST_1D(MyFixture, MyTest, kCases) {
+//   EXPECT_GT(kCases_case, 0);
+// }
+//
+// This test iterates through the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 and tests that
+// they are all grater than zero.  In case of failure, the exact case
+// which failed will be printed.  The case type must be printable using
+// ostream::operator<<.
+
+// TODO(kenton):  gTest now supports "parameterized tests" which would be
+//   a better way to accomplish this.  Rewrite when time permits.
+
+#define TEST_1D(FIXTURE, NAME, CASES)                             \
+  class FIXTURE##_##NAME##_DD : public FIXTURE {                  \
+   protected:                                                     \
+    template <typename CaseType>                                  \
+    void DoSingleCase(const CaseType& CASES##_case);              \
+  };                                                              \
+                                                                  \
+  TEST_F(FIXTURE##_##NAME##_DD, NAME) {                           \
+    for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(CASES); i++) {                  \
+      SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message()                             \
+                   << #CASES " case #" << i << ": " << CASES[i]); \
+      DoSingleCase(CASES[i]);                                     \
+    }                                                             \
+  }                                                               \
+                                                                  \
+  template <typename CaseType>                                    \
+  void FIXTURE##_##NAME##_DD::DoSingleCase(const CaseType& CASES##_case)
+
+#define TEST_2D(FIXTURE, NAME, CASES1, CASES2)                              \
+  class FIXTURE##_##NAME##_DD : public FIXTURE {                            \
+   protected:                                                               \
+    template <typename CaseType1, typename CaseType2>                       \
+    void DoSingleCase(const CaseType1& CASES1##_case,                       \
+                      const CaseType2& CASES2##_case);                      \
+  };                                                                        \
+                                                                            \
+  TEST_F(FIXTURE##_##NAME##_DD, NAME) {                                     \
+    for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(CASES1); i++) {                           \
+      for (int j = 0; j < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(CASES2); j++) {                         \
+        SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message()                                     \
+                     << #CASES1 " case #" << i << ": " << CASES1[i] << ", " \
+                     << #CASES2 " case #" << j << ": " << CASES2[j]);       \
+        DoSingleCase(CASES1[i], CASES2[j]);                                 \
+      }                                                                     \
+    }                                                                       \
+  }                                                                         \
+                                                                            \
+  template <typename CaseType1, typename CaseType2>                         \
+  void FIXTURE##_##NAME##_DD::DoSingleCase(const CaseType1& CASES1##_case,  \
+                                           const CaseType2& CASES2##_case)
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class CodedStreamTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // Buffer used during most of the tests. This assumes tests run sequentially.
+  static const int kBufferSize = 1024 * 64;
+  static uint8 buffer_[kBufferSize];
+};
+
+uint8 CodedStreamTest::buffer_[CodedStreamTest::kBufferSize];
+
+// We test each operation over a variety of block sizes to insure that
+// we test cases where reads or writes cross buffer boundaries, cases
+// where they don't, and cases where there is so much buffer left that
+// we can use special optimized paths that don't worry about bounds
+// checks.
+const int kBlockSizes[] = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 32, 1024};
+
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Varint tests.
+
+struct VarintCase {
+  uint8 bytes[10];  // Encoded bytes.
+  int size;         // Encoded size, in bytes.
+  uint64 value;     // Parsed value.
+};
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const VarintCase& c) {
+  return os << c.value;
+}
+
+VarintCase kVarintCases[] = {
+    // 32-bit values
+    {{0x00}, 1, 0},
+    {{0x01}, 1, 1},
+    {{0x7f}, 1, 127},
+    {{0xa2, 0x74}, 2, (0x22 << 0) | (0x74 << 7)},  // 14882
+    {{0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b},
+     5,  // 2961488830
+     (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
+         (ULL(0x0b) << 28)},
+
+    // 64-bit
+    {{0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b},
+     5,  // 7256456126
+     (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
+         (ULL(0x1b) << 28)},
+    {{0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49},
+     8,  // 41256202580718336
+     (0x00 << 0) | (0x66 << 7) | (0x6b << 14) | (0x1c << 21) |
+         (ULL(0x43) << 28) | (ULL(0x49) << 35) | (ULL(0x24) << 42) |
+         (ULL(0x49) << 49)},
+    // 11964378330978735131
+    {{0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85, 0xa6, 0x01},
+     10,
+     (0x1b << 0) | (0x28 << 7) | (0x79 << 14) | (0x42 << 21) |
+         (ULL(0x3b) << 28) | (ULL(0x56) << 35) | (ULL(0x00) << 42) |
+         (ULL(0x05) << 49) | (ULL(0x26) << 56) | (ULL(0x01) << 63)},
+};
+
+TEST_2D(CodedStreamTest, ReadVarint32, kVarintCases, kBlockSizes) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kVarintCases_case.bytes, kVarintCases_case.size);
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    uint32 value;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadVarint32(&value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32>(kVarintCases_case.value), value);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(kVarintCases_case.size, input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+TEST_2D(CodedStreamTest, ReadTag, kVarintCases, kBlockSizes) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kVarintCases_case.bytes, kVarintCases_case.size);
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    uint32 expected_value = static_cast<uint32>(kVarintCases_case.value);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_value, coded_input.ReadTag());
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.LastTagWas(expected_value));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.LastTagWas(expected_value + 1));
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(kVarintCases_case.size, input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+// This is the regression test that verifies that there is no issues
+// with the empty input buffers handling.
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, EmptyInputBeforeEos) {
+  class In : public ZeroCopyInputStream {
+   public:
+    In() : count_(0) {}
+
+   private:
+    bool Next(const void** data, int* size) override {
+      *data = NULL;
+      *size = 0;
+      return count_++ < 2;
+    }
+    void BackUp(int count) override { GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Tests never call this."; }
+    bool Skip(int count) override {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Tests never call this.";
+      return false;
+    }
+    int64_t ByteCount() const override { return 0; }
+    int count_;
+  } in;
+  CodedInputStream input(&in);
+  input.ReadTagNoLastTag();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(input.ConsumedEntireMessage());
+}
+
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, ExpectTag, kVarintCases) {
+  // Leave one byte at the beginning of the buffer so we can read it
+  // to force the first buffer to be loaded.
+  buffer_[0] = '\0';
+  memcpy(buffer_ + 1, kVarintCases_case.bytes, kVarintCases_case.size);
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_));
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    // Read one byte to force coded_input.Refill() to be called.  Otherwise,
+    // ExpectTag() will return a false negative.
+    uint8 dummy;
+    coded_input.ReadRaw(&dummy, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ((uint)'\0', (uint)dummy);
+
+    uint32 expected_value = static_cast<uint32>(kVarintCases_case.value);
+
+    // ExpectTag() produces false negatives for large values.
+    if (kVarintCases_case.size <= 2) {
+      EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ExpectTag(expected_value + 1));
+      EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ExpectTag(expected_value));
+    } else {
+      EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ExpectTag(expected_value));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (kVarintCases_case.size <= 2) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(kVarintCases_case.size + 1, input.ByteCount());
+  } else {
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, input.ByteCount());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, ExpectTagFromArray, kVarintCases) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kVarintCases_case.bytes, kVarintCases_case.size);
+
+  const uint32 expected_value = static_cast<uint32>(kVarintCases_case.value);
+
+  // If the expectation succeeds, it should return a pointer past the tag.
+  if (kVarintCases_case.size <= 2) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NULL == CodedInputStream::ExpectTagFromArray(
+                            buffer_, expected_value + 1));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(buffer_ + kVarintCases_case.size ==
+                CodedInputStream::ExpectTagFromArray(buffer_, expected_value));
+  } else {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NULL ==
+                CodedInputStream::ExpectTagFromArray(buffer_, expected_value));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_2D(CodedStreamTest, ReadVarint64, kVarintCases, kBlockSizes) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kVarintCases_case.bytes, kVarintCases_case.size);
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    uint64 value;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadVarint64(&value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kVarintCases_case.value, value);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(kVarintCases_case.size, input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+TEST_2D(CodedStreamTest, WriteVarint32, kVarintCases, kBlockSizes) {
+  if (kVarintCases_case.value > ULL(0x00000000FFFFFFFF)) {
+    // Skip this test for the 64-bit values.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedOutputStream coded_output(&output);
+
+    coded_output.WriteVarint32(static_cast<uint32>(kVarintCases_case.value));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_output.HadError());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(kVarintCases_case.size, coded_output.ByteCount());
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(kVarintCases_case.size, output.ByteCount());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            memcmp(buffer_, kVarintCases_case.bytes, kVarintCases_case.size));
+}
+
+TEST_2D(CodedStreamTest, WriteVarint64, kVarintCases, kBlockSizes) {
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedOutputStream coded_output(&output);
+
+    coded_output.WriteVarint64(kVarintCases_case.value);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_output.HadError());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(kVarintCases_case.size, coded_output.ByteCount());
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(kVarintCases_case.size, output.ByteCount());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            memcmp(buffer_, kVarintCases_case.bytes, kVarintCases_case.size));
+}
+
+// This test causes gcc 3.3.5 (and earlier?) to give the cryptic error:
+//   "sorry, unimplemented: `method_call_expr' not supported by dump_expr"
+#if !defined(__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ > 3)
+
+int32 kSignExtendedVarintCases[] = {0, 1, -1, 1237894, -37895138};
+
+TEST_2D(CodedStreamTest, WriteVarint32SignExtended, kSignExtendedVarintCases,
+        kBlockSizes) {
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedOutputStream coded_output(&output);
+
+    coded_output.WriteVarint32SignExtended(kSignExtendedVarintCases_case);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_output.HadError());
+
+    if (kSignExtendedVarintCases_case < 0) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(10, coded_output.ByteCount());
+    } else {
+      EXPECT_LE(coded_output.ByteCount(), 5);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (kSignExtendedVarintCases_case < 0) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(10, output.ByteCount());
+  } else {
+    EXPECT_LE(output.ByteCount(), 5);
+  }
+
+  // Read value back in as a varint64 and insure it matches.
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_));
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    uint64 value;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadVarint64(&value));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(kSignExtendedVarintCases_case, static_cast<int64>(value));
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(output.ByteCount(), input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Varint failure test.
+
+struct VarintErrorCase {
+  uint8 bytes[12];
+  int size;
+  bool can_parse;
+};
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const VarintErrorCase& c) {
+  return os << "size " << c.size;
+}
+
+const VarintErrorCase kVarintErrorCases[] = {
+    // Control case.  (Insures that there isn't something else wrong that
+    // makes parsing always fail.)
+    {{0x00}, 1, true},
+
+    // No input data.
+    {{}, 0, false},
+
+    // Input ends unexpectedly.
+    {{0xf0, 0xab}, 2, false},
+
+    // Input ends unexpectedly after 32 bits.
+    {{0xf0, 0xab, 0xc9, 0x9a, 0xf8, 0xb2}, 6, false},
+
+    // Longer than 10 bytes.
+    {{0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01},
+     11,
+     false},
+};
+
+TEST_2D(CodedStreamTest, ReadVarint32Error, kVarintErrorCases, kBlockSizes) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kVarintErrorCases_case.bytes, kVarintErrorCases_case.size);
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, kVarintErrorCases_case.size,
+                         kBlockSizes_case);
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+  uint32 value;
+  EXPECT_EQ(kVarintErrorCases_case.can_parse, coded_input.ReadVarint32(&value));
+}
+
+TEST_2D(CodedStreamTest, ReadVarint32Error_LeavesValueInInitializedState,
+        kVarintErrorCases, kBlockSizes) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kVarintErrorCases_case.bytes, kVarintErrorCases_case.size);
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, kVarintErrorCases_case.size,
+                         kBlockSizes_case);
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+  uint32 value = 0;
+  EXPECT_EQ(kVarintErrorCases_case.can_parse, coded_input.ReadVarint32(&value));
+  // While the specific value following a failure is not critical, we do want to
+  // ensure that it doesn't get set to an uninitialized value. (This check fails
+  // in MSAN mode if value has been set to an uninitialized value.)
+  EXPECT_EQ(value, value);
+}
+
+TEST_2D(CodedStreamTest, ReadVarint64Error, kVarintErrorCases, kBlockSizes) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kVarintErrorCases_case.bytes, kVarintErrorCases_case.size);
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, kVarintErrorCases_case.size,
+                         kBlockSizes_case);
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+  uint64 value;
+  EXPECT_EQ(kVarintErrorCases_case.can_parse, coded_input.ReadVarint64(&value));
+}
+
+TEST_2D(CodedStreamTest, ReadVarint64Error_LeavesValueInInitializedState,
+        kVarintErrorCases, kBlockSizes) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kVarintErrorCases_case.bytes, kVarintErrorCases_case.size);
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, kVarintErrorCases_case.size,
+                         kBlockSizes_case);
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+  uint64 value = 0;
+  EXPECT_EQ(kVarintErrorCases_case.can_parse, coded_input.ReadVarint64(&value));
+  // While the specific value following a failure is not critical, we do want to
+  // ensure that it doesn't get set to an uninitialized value. (This check fails
+  // in MSAN mode if value has been set to an uninitialized value.)
+  EXPECT_EQ(value, value);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// VarintSize
+
+struct VarintSizeCase {
+  uint64 value;
+  int size;
+};
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const VarintSizeCase& c) {
+  return os << c.value;
+}
+
+VarintSizeCase kVarintSizeCases[] = {
+    {0u, 1},
+    {1u, 1},
+    {127u, 1},
+    {128u, 2},
+    {758923u, 3},
+    {4000000000u, 5},
+    {ULL(41256202580718336), 8},
+    {ULL(11964378330978735131), 10},
+};
+
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, VarintSize32, kVarintSizeCases) {
+  if (kVarintSizeCases_case.value > 0xffffffffu) {
+    // Skip 64-bit values.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(kVarintSizeCases_case.size,
+            CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(
+                static_cast<uint32>(kVarintSizeCases_case.value)));
+}
+
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, VarintSize64, kVarintSizeCases) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(kVarintSizeCases_case.size,
+            CodedOutputStream::VarintSize64(kVarintSizeCases_case.value));
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, VarintSize32PowersOfTwo) {
+  int expected = 1;
+  for (int i = 1; i < 32; i++) {
+    if (i % 7 == 0) {
+      expected += 1;
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected,
+              CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(static_cast<uint32>(0x1u << i)));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, VarintSize64PowersOfTwo) {
+  int expected = 1;
+  for (int i = 1; i < 64; i++) {
+    if (i % 7 == 0) {
+      expected += 1;
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected, CodedOutputStream::VarintSize64(
+                            static_cast<uint64>(0x1ull << i)));
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Fixed-size int tests
+
+struct Fixed32Case {
+  uint8 bytes[sizeof(uint32)];  // Encoded bytes.
+  uint32 value;                 // Parsed value.
+};
+
+struct Fixed64Case {
+  uint8 bytes[sizeof(uint64)];  // Encoded bytes.
+  uint64 value;                 // Parsed value.
+};
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Fixed32Case& c) {
+  return os << "0x" << std::hex << c.value << std::dec;
+}
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Fixed64Case& c) {
+  return os << "0x" << std::hex << c.value << std::dec;
+}
+
+Fixed32Case kFixed32Cases[] = {
+    {{0xef, 0xcd, 0xab, 0x90}, 0x90abcdefu},
+    {{0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78}, 0x78563412u},
+};
+
+Fixed64Case kFixed64Cases[] = {
+    {{0xef, 0xcd, 0xab, 0x90, 0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78}, ULL(0x7856341290abcdef)},
+    {{0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88}, ULL(0x8877665544332211)},
+};
+
+TEST_2D(CodedStreamTest, ReadLittleEndian32, kFixed32Cases, kBlockSizes) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kFixed32Cases_case.bytes, sizeof(kFixed32Cases_case.bytes));
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    uint32 value;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kFixed32Cases_case.value, value);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(uint32), input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+TEST_2D(CodedStreamTest, ReadLittleEndian64, kFixed64Cases, kBlockSizes) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kFixed64Cases_case.bytes, sizeof(kFixed64Cases_case.bytes));
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    uint64 value;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian64(&value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kFixed64Cases_case.value, value);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(uint64), input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+TEST_2D(CodedStreamTest, WriteLittleEndian32, kFixed32Cases, kBlockSizes) {
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedOutputStream coded_output(&output);
+
+    coded_output.WriteLittleEndian32(kFixed32Cases_case.value);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_output.HadError());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(uint32), coded_output.ByteCount());
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(uint32), output.ByteCount());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(buffer_, kFixed32Cases_case.bytes, sizeof(uint32)));
+}
+
+TEST_2D(CodedStreamTest, WriteLittleEndian64, kFixed64Cases, kBlockSizes) {
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedOutputStream coded_output(&output);
+
+    coded_output.WriteLittleEndian64(kFixed64Cases_case.value);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_output.HadError());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(uint64), coded_output.ByteCount());
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(uint64), output.ByteCount());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(buffer_, kFixed64Cases_case.bytes, sizeof(uint64)));
+}
+
+// Tests using the static methods to read fixed-size values from raw arrays.
+
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, ReadLittleEndian32FromArray, kFixed32Cases) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kFixed32Cases_case.bytes, sizeof(kFixed32Cases_case.bytes));
+
+  uint32 value;
+  const uint8* end =
+      CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian32FromArray(buffer_, &value);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kFixed32Cases_case.value, value);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(end == buffer_ + sizeof(value));
+}
+
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, ReadLittleEndian64FromArray, kFixed64Cases) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kFixed64Cases_case.bytes, sizeof(kFixed64Cases_case.bytes));
+
+  uint64 value;
+  const uint8* end =
+      CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian64FromArray(buffer_, &value);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kFixed64Cases_case.value, value);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(end == buffer_ + sizeof(value));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Raw reads and writes
+
+const char kRawBytes[] = "Some bytes which will be written and read raw.";
+
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, ReadRaw, kBlockSizes) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kRawBytes, sizeof(kRawBytes));
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+  char read_buffer[sizeof(kRawBytes)];
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadRaw(read_buffer, sizeof(kRawBytes)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(kRawBytes, read_buffer, sizeof(kRawBytes)));
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(kRawBytes), input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, WriteRaw, kBlockSizes) {
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedOutputStream coded_output(&output);
+
+    coded_output.WriteRaw(kRawBytes, sizeof(kRawBytes));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_output.HadError());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(kRawBytes), coded_output.ByteCount());
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(kRawBytes), output.ByteCount());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(buffer_, kRawBytes, sizeof(kRawBytes)));
+}
+
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, ReadString, kBlockSizes) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kRawBytes, sizeof(kRawBytes));
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    std::string str;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, strlen(kRawBytes)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kRawBytes, str);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(strlen(kRawBytes), input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+// Check to make sure ReadString doesn't crash on impossibly large strings.
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, ReadStringImpossiblyLarge, kBlockSizes) {
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    std::string str;
+    // Try to read a gigabyte.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, 1 << 30));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, ReadStringImpossiblyLargeFromStringOnStack) {
+  // Same test as above, except directly use a buffer. This used to cause
+  // crashes while the above did not.
+  uint8 buffer[8];
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(buffer, 8);
+  std::string str;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, 1 << 30));
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, ReadStringImpossiblyLargeFromStringOnHeap) {
+  std::unique_ptr<uint8[]> buffer(new uint8[8]);
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(buffer.get(), 8);
+  std::string str;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, 1 << 30));
+}
+
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, ReadStringReservesMemoryOnTotalLimit, kBlockSizes) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kRawBytes, sizeof(kRawBytes));
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+    coded_input.SetTotalBytesLimit(sizeof(kRawBytes), sizeof(kRawBytes));
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(kRawBytes), coded_input.BytesUntilTotalBytesLimit());
+
+    std::string str;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, strlen(kRawBytes)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(kRawBytes) - strlen(kRawBytes),
+              coded_input.BytesUntilTotalBytesLimit());
+    EXPECT_EQ(kRawBytes, str);
+    // TODO(liujisi): Replace with a more meaningful test (see cl/60966023).
+    EXPECT_GE(str.capacity(), strlen(kRawBytes));
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(strlen(kRawBytes), input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, ReadStringReservesMemoryOnPushedLimit, kBlockSizes) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kRawBytes, sizeof(kRawBytes));
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+    coded_input.PushLimit(sizeof(buffer_));
+
+    std::string str;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, strlen(kRawBytes)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kRawBytes, str);
+    // TODO(liujisi): Replace with a more meaningful test (see cl/60966023).
+    EXPECT_GE(str.capacity(), strlen(kRawBytes));
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(strlen(kRawBytes), input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, ReadStringNoReservationIfLimitsNotSet) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kRawBytes, sizeof(kRawBytes));
+  // Buffer size in the input must be smaller than sizeof(kRawBytes),
+  // otherwise check against capacity will fail as ReadStringInline()
+  // will handle the reading and will reserve the memory as needed.
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), 32);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    std::string str;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, strlen(kRawBytes)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(kRawBytes, str);
+    // Note: this check depends on string class implementation. It
+    // expects that string will allocate more than strlen(kRawBytes)
+    // if the content of kRawBytes is appended to string in small
+    // chunks.
+    // TODO(liujisi): Replace with a more meaningful test (see cl/60966023).
+    EXPECT_GE(str.capacity(), strlen(kRawBytes));
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(strlen(kRawBytes), input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, ReadStringNoReservationSizeIsNegative) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kRawBytes, sizeof(kRawBytes));
+  // Buffer size in the input must be smaller than sizeof(kRawBytes),
+  // otherwise check against capacity will fail as ReadStringInline()
+  // will handle the reading and will reserve the memory as needed.
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), 32);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+    coded_input.PushLimit(sizeof(buffer_));
+
+    std::string str;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, -1));
+    // Note: this check depends on string class implementation. It
+    // expects that string will always allocate the same amount of
+    // memory for an empty string.
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::string().capacity(), str.capacity());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, ReadStringNoReservationSizeIsLarge) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kRawBytes, sizeof(kRawBytes));
+  // Buffer size in the input must be smaller than sizeof(kRawBytes),
+  // otherwise check against capacity will fail as ReadStringInline()
+  // will handle the reading and will reserve the memory as needed.
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), 32);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+    coded_input.PushLimit(sizeof(buffer_));
+
+    std::string str;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, 1 << 30));
+    EXPECT_GT(1 << 30, str.capacity());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, ReadStringNoReservationSizeIsOverTheLimit) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kRawBytes, sizeof(kRawBytes));
+  // Buffer size in the input must be smaller than sizeof(kRawBytes),
+  // otherwise check against capacity will fail as ReadStringInline()
+  // will handle the reading and will reserve the memory as needed.
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), 32);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+    coded_input.PushLimit(16);
+
+    std::string str;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, strlen(kRawBytes)));
+    // Note: this check depends on string class implementation. It
+    // expects that string will allocate less than strlen(kRawBytes)
+    // for an empty string.
+    EXPECT_GT(strlen(kRawBytes), str.capacity());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, ReadStringNoReservationSizeIsOverTheTotalBytesLimit) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kRawBytes, sizeof(kRawBytes));
+  // Buffer size in the input must be smaller than sizeof(kRawBytes),
+  // otherwise check against capacity will fail as ReadStringInline()
+  // will handle the reading and will reserve the memory as needed.
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), 32);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+    coded_input.SetTotalBytesLimit(16, 16);
+
+    std::string str;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, strlen(kRawBytes)));
+    // Note: this check depends on string class implementation. It
+    // expects that string will allocate less than strlen(kRawBytes)
+    // for an empty string.
+    EXPECT_GT(strlen(kRawBytes), str.capacity());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest,
+       ReadStringNoReservationSizeIsOverTheClosestLimit_GlobalLimitIsCloser) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kRawBytes, sizeof(kRawBytes));
+  // Buffer size in the input must be smaller than sizeof(kRawBytes),
+  // otherwise check against capacity will fail as ReadStringInline()
+  // will handle the reading and will reserve the memory as needed.
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), 32);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+    coded_input.PushLimit(sizeof(buffer_));
+    coded_input.SetTotalBytesLimit(16, 16);
+
+    std::string str;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, strlen(kRawBytes)));
+    // Note: this check depends on string class implementation. It
+    // expects that string will allocate less than strlen(kRawBytes)
+    // for an empty string.
+    EXPECT_GT(strlen(kRawBytes), str.capacity());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest,
+       ReadStringNoReservationSizeIsOverTheClosestLimit_LocalLimitIsCloser) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kRawBytes, sizeof(kRawBytes));
+  // Buffer size in the input must be smaller than sizeof(kRawBytes),
+  // otherwise check against capacity will fail as ReadStringInline()
+  // will handle the reading and will reserve the memory as needed.
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), 32);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+    coded_input.PushLimit(16);
+    coded_input.SetTotalBytesLimit(sizeof(buffer_), sizeof(buffer_));
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(buffer_), coded_input.BytesUntilTotalBytesLimit());
+
+    std::string str;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, strlen(kRawBytes)));
+    // Note: this check depends on string class implementation. It
+    // expects that string will allocate less than strlen(kRawBytes)
+    // for an empty string.
+    EXPECT_GT(strlen(kRawBytes), str.capacity());
+  }
+}
+
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Skip
+
+const char kSkipTestBytes[] =
+    "<Before skipping><To be skipped><After skipping>";
+
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, SkipInput, kBlockSizes) {
+  memcpy(buffer_, kSkipTestBytes, sizeof(kSkipTestBytes));
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    std::string str;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, strlen("<Before skipping>")));
+    EXPECT_EQ("<Before skipping>", str);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.Skip(strlen("<To be skipped>")));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, strlen("<After skipping>")));
+    EXPECT_EQ("<After skipping>", str);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(strlen(kSkipTestBytes), input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// GetDirectBufferPointer
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, GetDirectBufferPointerInput) {
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), 8);
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+  const void* ptr;
+  int size;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.GetDirectBufferPointer(&ptr, &size));
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffer_, ptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, size);
+
+  // Peeking again should return the same pointer.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.GetDirectBufferPointer(&ptr, &size));
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffer_, ptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, size);
+
+  // Skip forward in the same buffer then peek again.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.Skip(3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.GetDirectBufferPointer(&ptr, &size));
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffer_ + 3, ptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, size);
+
+  // Skip to end of buffer and peek -- should get next buffer.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.Skip(5));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.GetDirectBufferPointer(&ptr, &size));
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffer_ + 8, ptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, size);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, GetDirectBufferPointerInlineInput) {
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), 8);
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+  const void* ptr;
+  int size;
+
+  coded_input.GetDirectBufferPointerInline(&ptr, &size);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffer_, ptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, size);
+
+  // Peeking again should return the same pointer.
+  coded_input.GetDirectBufferPointerInline(&ptr, &size);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffer_, ptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, size);
+
+  // Skip forward in the same buffer then peek again.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.Skip(3));
+  coded_input.GetDirectBufferPointerInline(&ptr, &size);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffer_ + 3, ptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, size);
+
+  // Skip to end of buffer and peek -- should return false and provide an empty
+  // buffer. It does not try to Refresh().
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.Skip(5));
+  coded_input.GetDirectBufferPointerInline(&ptr, &size);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffer_ + 8, ptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, size);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Limits
+
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, BasicLimit, kBlockSizes) {
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(-1, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    CodedInputStream::Limit limit = coded_input.PushLimit(8);
+
+    // Read until we hit the limit.
+    uint32 value;
+    EXPECT_EQ(8, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+
+    coded_input.PopLimit(limit);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(-1, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+// Test what happens when we push two limits where the second (top) one is
+// shorter.
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, SmallLimitOnTopOfBigLimit, kBlockSizes) {
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(-1, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    CodedInputStream::Limit limit1 = coded_input.PushLimit(8);
+    EXPECT_EQ(8, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    CodedInputStream::Limit limit2 = coded_input.PushLimit(4);
+
+    uint32 value;
+
+    // Read until we hit limit2, the top and shortest limit.
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+
+    coded_input.PopLimit(limit2);
+
+    // Read until we hit limit1.
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+
+    coded_input.PopLimit(limit1);
+
+    // No more limits.
+    EXPECT_EQ(-1, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+// Test what happens when we push two limits where the second (top) one is
+// longer.  In this case, the top limit is shortened to match the previous
+// limit.
+TEST_1D(CodedStreamTest, BigLimitOnTopOfSmallLimit, kBlockSizes) {
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  {
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(-1, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    CodedInputStream::Limit limit1 = coded_input.PushLimit(4);
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    CodedInputStream::Limit limit2 = coded_input.PushLimit(8);
+
+    uint32 value;
+
+    // Read until we hit limit2.  Except, wait!  limit1 is shorter, so
+    // we end up hitting that first, despite having 4 bytes to go on
+    // limit2.
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+
+    coded_input.PopLimit(limit2);
+
+    // OK, popped limit2, now limit1 is on top, which we've already hit.
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+
+    coded_input.PopLimit(limit1);
+
+    // No more limits.
+    EXPECT_EQ(-1, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, ExpectAtEnd) {
+  // Test ExpectAtEnd(), which is based on limits.
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_));
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ExpectAtEnd());
+
+  CodedInputStream::Limit limit = coded_input.PushLimit(4);
+
+  uint32 value;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadLittleEndian32(&value));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ExpectAtEnd());
+
+  coded_input.PopLimit(limit);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ExpectAtEnd());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, NegativeLimit) {
+  // Check what happens when we push a negative limit.
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_));
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+  CodedInputStream::Limit limit = coded_input.PushLimit(-1234);
+  // BytesUntilLimit() returns -1 to mean "no limit", which actually means
+  // "the limit is INT_MAX relative to the beginning of the stream".
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+  coded_input.PopLimit(limit);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, NegativeLimitAfterReading) {
+  // Check what happens when we push a negative limit.
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_));
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(coded_input.Skip(128));
+
+  CodedInputStream::Limit limit = coded_input.PushLimit(-64);
+  // BytesUntilLimit() returns -1 to mean "no limit", which actually means
+  // "the limit is INT_MAX relative to the beginning of the stream".
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+  coded_input.PopLimit(limit);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, OverflowLimit) {
+  // Check what happens when we push a limit large enough that its absolute
+  // position is more than 2GB into the stream.
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_));
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(coded_input.Skip(128));
+
+  CodedInputStream::Limit limit = coded_input.PushLimit(INT_MAX);
+  // BytesUntilLimit() returns -1 to mean "no limit", which actually means
+  // "the limit is INT_MAX relative to the beginning of the stream".
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, coded_input.BytesUntilLimit());
+  coded_input.PopLimit(limit);
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, TotalBytesLimit) {
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_));
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+  coded_input.SetTotalBytesLimit(16, -1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(16, coded_input.BytesUntilTotalBytesLimit());
+
+  std::string str;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, 16));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, coded_input.BytesUntilTotalBytesLimit());
+
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog error_log;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, 1));
+    errors = error_log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring,
+                      "A protocol message was rejected because it was too big",
+                      errors[0]);
+
+  coded_input.SetTotalBytesLimit(32, -1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(16, coded_input.BytesUntilTotalBytesLimit());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, 16));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, coded_input.BytesUntilTotalBytesLimit());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, TotalBytesLimitNotValidMessageEnd) {
+  // total_bytes_limit_ is not a valid place for a message to end.
+
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_));
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+
+  // Set both total_bytes_limit and a regular limit at 16 bytes.
+  coded_input.SetTotalBytesLimit(16, -1);
+  CodedInputStream::Limit limit = coded_input.PushLimit(16);
+
+  // Read 16 bytes.
+  std::string str;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, 16));
+
+  // Read a tag.  Should fail, but report being a valid endpoint since it's
+  // a regular limit.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, coded_input.ReadTagNoLastTag());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ConsumedEntireMessage());
+
+  // Pop the limit.
+  coded_input.PopLimit(limit);
+
+  // Read a tag.  Should fail, and report *not* being a valid endpoint, since
+  // this time we're hitting the total bytes limit.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, coded_input.ReadTagNoLastTag());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.ConsumedEntireMessage());
+}
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, RecursionLimit) {
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_));
+  CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+  coded_input.SetRecursionLimit(4);
+
+  // This is way too much testing for a counter.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());   // 1
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());   // 2
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());   // 3
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());   // 4
+  EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());  // 5
+  EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());  // 6
+  coded_input.DecrementRecursionDepth();                // 5
+  EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());  // 6
+  coded_input.DecrementRecursionDepth();                // 5
+  coded_input.DecrementRecursionDepth();                // 4
+  coded_input.DecrementRecursionDepth();                // 3
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());   // 4
+  EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());  // 5
+  coded_input.DecrementRecursionDepth();                // 4
+  coded_input.DecrementRecursionDepth();                // 3
+  coded_input.DecrementRecursionDepth();                // 2
+  coded_input.DecrementRecursionDepth();                // 1
+  coded_input.DecrementRecursionDepth();                // 0
+  coded_input.DecrementRecursionDepth();                // 0
+  coded_input.DecrementRecursionDepth();                // 0
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());   // 1
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());   // 2
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());   // 3
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());   // 4
+  EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());  // 5
+
+  coded_input.SetRecursionLimit(6);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());   // 6
+  EXPECT_FALSE(coded_input.IncrementRecursionDepth());  // 7
+}
+
+
+class ReallyBigInputStream : public ZeroCopyInputStream {
+ public:
+  ReallyBigInputStream() : backup_amount_(0), buffer_count_(0) {}
+  ~ReallyBigInputStream() {}
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyInputStream ----------------------------------
+  bool Next(const void** data, int* size) override {
+    // We only expect BackUp() to be called at the end.
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, backup_amount_);
+
+    switch (buffer_count_++) {
+      case 0:
+        *data = buffer_;
+        *size = sizeof(buffer_);
+        return true;
+      case 1:
+        // Return an enormously large buffer that, when combined with the 1k
+        // returned already, should overflow the total_bytes_read_ counter in
+        // CodedInputStream.  Note that we'll only read the first 1024 bytes
+        // of this buffer so it's OK that we have it point at buffer_.
+        *data = buffer_;
+        *size = INT_MAX;
+        return true;
+      default:
+        return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void BackUp(int count) override { backup_amount_ = count; }
+
+  bool Skip(int count) override {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Not implemented.";
+    return false;
+  }
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Not implemented.";
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  int backup_amount_;
+
+ private:
+  char buffer_[1024];
+  int64 buffer_count_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(CodedStreamTest, InputOver2G) {
+  // CodedInputStream should gracefully handle input over 2G and call
+  // input.BackUp() with the correct number of bytes on destruction.
+  ReallyBigInputStream input;
+
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog error_log;
+    CodedInputStream coded_input(&input);
+    std::string str;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, 512));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input.ReadString(&str, 1024));
+    errors = error_log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(INT_MAX - 512, input.backup_amount_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, errors.size());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86e212677
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: brianolson@google.com (Brian Olson)
+//
+// This file contains the implementation of classes GzipInputStream and
+// GzipOutputStream.
+
+
+#if HAVE_ZLIB
+#include <google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+static const int kDefaultBufferSize = 65536;
+
+GzipInputStream::GzipInputStream(ZeroCopyInputStream* sub_stream, Format format,
+                                 int buffer_size)
+    : format_(format), sub_stream_(sub_stream), zerror_(Z_OK), byte_count_(0) {
+  zcontext_.state = Z_NULL;
+  zcontext_.zalloc = Z_NULL;
+  zcontext_.zfree = Z_NULL;
+  zcontext_.opaque = Z_NULL;
+  zcontext_.total_out = 0;
+  zcontext_.next_in = NULL;
+  zcontext_.avail_in = 0;
+  zcontext_.total_in = 0;
+  zcontext_.msg = NULL;
+  if (buffer_size == -1) {
+    output_buffer_length_ = kDefaultBufferSize;
+  } else {
+    output_buffer_length_ = buffer_size;
+  }
+  output_buffer_ = operator new(output_buffer_length_);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(output_buffer_ != NULL);
+  zcontext_.next_out = static_cast<Bytef*>(output_buffer_);
+  zcontext_.avail_out = output_buffer_length_;
+  output_position_ = output_buffer_;
+}
+GzipInputStream::~GzipInputStream() {
+  operator delete(output_buffer_);
+  zerror_ = inflateEnd(&zcontext_);
+}
+
+static inline int internalInflateInit2(z_stream* zcontext,
+                                       GzipInputStream::Format format) {
+  int windowBitsFormat = 0;
+  switch (format) {
+    case GzipInputStream::GZIP:
+      windowBitsFormat = 16;
+      break;
+    case GzipInputStream::AUTO:
+      windowBitsFormat = 32;
+      break;
+    case GzipInputStream::ZLIB:
+      windowBitsFormat = 0;
+      break;
+  }
+  return inflateInit2(zcontext, /* windowBits */ 15 | windowBitsFormat);
+}
+
+int GzipInputStream::Inflate(int flush) {
+  if ((zerror_ == Z_OK) && (zcontext_.avail_out == 0)) {
+    // previous inflate filled output buffer. don't change input params yet.
+  } else if (zcontext_.avail_in == 0) {
+    const void* in;
+    int in_size;
+    bool first = zcontext_.next_in == NULL;
+    bool ok = sub_stream_->Next(&in, &in_size);
+    if (!ok) {
+      zcontext_.next_out = NULL;
+      zcontext_.avail_out = 0;
+      return Z_STREAM_END;
+    }
+    zcontext_.next_in = static_cast<Bytef*>(const_cast<void*>(in));
+    zcontext_.avail_in = in_size;
+    if (first) {
+      int error = internalInflateInit2(&zcontext_, format_);
+      if (error != Z_OK) {
+        return error;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  zcontext_.next_out = static_cast<Bytef*>(output_buffer_);
+  zcontext_.avail_out = output_buffer_length_;
+  output_position_ = output_buffer_;
+  int error = inflate(&zcontext_, flush);
+  return error;
+}
+
+void GzipInputStream::DoNextOutput(const void** data, int* size) {
+  *data = output_position_;
+  *size = ((uintptr_t)zcontext_.next_out) - ((uintptr_t)output_position_);
+  output_position_ = zcontext_.next_out;
+}
+
+// implements ZeroCopyInputStream ----------------------------------
+bool GzipInputStream::Next(const void** data, int* size) {
+  bool ok = (zerror_ == Z_OK) || (zerror_ == Z_STREAM_END) ||
+            (zerror_ == Z_BUF_ERROR);
+  if ((!ok) || (zcontext_.next_out == NULL)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (zcontext_.next_out != output_position_) {
+    DoNextOutput(data, size);
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (zerror_ == Z_STREAM_END) {
+    if (zcontext_.next_out != NULL) {
+      // sub_stream_ may have concatenated streams to follow
+      zerror_ = inflateEnd(&zcontext_);
+      byte_count_ += zcontext_.total_out;
+      if (zerror_ != Z_OK) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      zerror_ = internalInflateInit2(&zcontext_, format_);
+      if (zerror_ != Z_OK) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    } else {
+      *data = NULL;
+      *size = 0;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  zerror_ = Inflate(Z_NO_FLUSH);
+  if ((zerror_ == Z_STREAM_END) && (zcontext_.next_out == NULL)) {
+    // The underlying stream's Next returned false inside Inflate.
+    return false;
+  }
+  ok = (zerror_ == Z_OK) || (zerror_ == Z_STREAM_END) ||
+       (zerror_ == Z_BUF_ERROR);
+  if (!ok) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  DoNextOutput(data, size);
+  return true;
+}
+void GzipInputStream::BackUp(int count) {
+  output_position_ = reinterpret_cast<void*>(
+      reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(output_position_) - count);
+}
+bool GzipInputStream::Skip(int count) {
+  const void* data;
+  int size = 0;
+  bool ok = Next(&data, &size);
+  while (ok && (size < count)) {
+    count -= size;
+    ok = Next(&data, &size);
+  }
+  if (size > count) {
+    BackUp(size - count);
+  }
+  return ok;
+}
+int64_t GzipInputStream::ByteCount() const {
+  int64 ret = byte_count_ + zcontext_.total_out;
+  if (zcontext_.next_out != NULL && output_position_ != NULL) {
+    ret += reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(zcontext_.next_out) -
+           reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(output_position_);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// =========================================================================
+
+GzipOutputStream::Options::Options()
+    : format(GZIP),
+      buffer_size(kDefaultBufferSize),
+      compression_level(Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION),
+      compression_strategy(Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY) {}
+
+GzipOutputStream::GzipOutputStream(ZeroCopyOutputStream* sub_stream) {
+  Init(sub_stream, Options());
+}
+
+GzipOutputStream::GzipOutputStream(ZeroCopyOutputStream* sub_stream,
+                                   const Options& options) {
+  Init(sub_stream, options);
+}
+
+void GzipOutputStream::Init(ZeroCopyOutputStream* sub_stream,
+                            const Options& options) {
+  sub_stream_ = sub_stream;
+  sub_data_ = NULL;
+  sub_data_size_ = 0;
+
+  input_buffer_length_ = options.buffer_size;
+  input_buffer_ = operator new(input_buffer_length_);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(input_buffer_ != NULL);
+
+  zcontext_.zalloc = Z_NULL;
+  zcontext_.zfree = Z_NULL;
+  zcontext_.opaque = Z_NULL;
+  zcontext_.next_out = NULL;
+  zcontext_.avail_out = 0;
+  zcontext_.total_out = 0;
+  zcontext_.next_in = NULL;
+  zcontext_.avail_in = 0;
+  zcontext_.total_in = 0;
+  zcontext_.msg = NULL;
+  // default to GZIP format
+  int windowBitsFormat = 16;
+  if (options.format == ZLIB) {
+    windowBitsFormat = 0;
+  }
+  zerror_ =
+      deflateInit2(&zcontext_, options.compression_level, Z_DEFLATED,
+                   /* windowBits */ 15 | windowBitsFormat,
+                   /* memLevel (default) */ 8, options.compression_strategy);
+}
+
+GzipOutputStream::~GzipOutputStream() {
+  Close();
+  operator delete(input_buffer_);
+}
+
+// private
+int GzipOutputStream::Deflate(int flush) {
+  int error = Z_OK;
+  do {
+    if ((sub_data_ == NULL) || (zcontext_.avail_out == 0)) {
+      bool ok = sub_stream_->Next(&sub_data_, &sub_data_size_);
+      if (!ok) {
+        sub_data_ = NULL;
+        sub_data_size_ = 0;
+        return Z_BUF_ERROR;
+      }
+      GOOGLE_CHECK_GT(sub_data_size_, 0);
+      zcontext_.next_out = static_cast<Bytef*>(sub_data_);
+      zcontext_.avail_out = sub_data_size_;
+    }
+    error = deflate(&zcontext_, flush);
+  } while (error == Z_OK && zcontext_.avail_out == 0);
+  if ((flush == Z_FULL_FLUSH) || (flush == Z_FINISH)) {
+    // Notify lower layer of data.
+    sub_stream_->BackUp(zcontext_.avail_out);
+    // We don't own the buffer anymore.
+    sub_data_ = NULL;
+    sub_data_size_ = 0;
+  }
+  return error;
+}
+
+// implements ZeroCopyOutputStream ---------------------------------
+bool GzipOutputStream::Next(void** data, int* size) {
+  if ((zerror_ != Z_OK) && (zerror_ != Z_BUF_ERROR)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (zcontext_.avail_in != 0) {
+    zerror_ = Deflate(Z_NO_FLUSH);
+    if (zerror_ != Z_OK) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  if (zcontext_.avail_in == 0) {
+    // all input was consumed. reset the buffer.
+    zcontext_.next_in = static_cast<Bytef*>(input_buffer_);
+    zcontext_.avail_in = input_buffer_length_;
+    *data = input_buffer_;
+    *size = input_buffer_length_;
+  } else {
+    // The loop in Deflate should consume all avail_in
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Deflate left bytes unconsumed";
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+void GzipOutputStream::BackUp(int count) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(zcontext_.avail_in, count);
+  zcontext_.avail_in -= count;
+}
+int64_t GzipOutputStream::ByteCount() const {
+  return zcontext_.total_in + zcontext_.avail_in;
+}
+
+bool GzipOutputStream::Flush() {
+  zerror_ = Deflate(Z_FULL_FLUSH);
+  // Return true if the flush succeeded or if it was a no-op.
+  return (zerror_ == Z_OK) ||
+         (zerror_ == Z_BUF_ERROR && zcontext_.avail_in == 0 &&
+          zcontext_.avail_out != 0);
+}
+
+bool GzipOutputStream::Close() {
+  if ((zerror_ != Z_OK) && (zerror_ != Z_BUF_ERROR)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  do {
+    zerror_ = Deflate(Z_FINISH);
+  } while (zerror_ == Z_OK);
+  zerror_ = deflateEnd(&zcontext_);
+  bool ok = zerror_ == Z_OK;
+  zerror_ = Z_STREAM_END;
+  return ok;
+}
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // HAVE_ZLIB
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1ce1d36c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: brianolson@google.com (Brian Olson)
+//
+// This file contains the definition for classes GzipInputStream and
+// GzipOutputStream.
+//
+// GzipInputStream decompresses data from an underlying
+// ZeroCopyInputStream and provides the decompressed data as a
+// ZeroCopyInputStream.
+//
+// GzipOutputStream is an ZeroCopyOutputStream that compresses data to
+// an underlying ZeroCopyOutputStream.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_GZIP_STREAM_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_GZIP_STREAM_H__
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <zlib.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+// A ZeroCopyInputStream that reads compressed data through zlib
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT GzipInputStream : public ZeroCopyInputStream {
+ public:
+  // Format key for constructor
+  enum Format {
+    // zlib will autodetect gzip header or deflate stream
+    AUTO = 0,
+
+    // GZIP streams have some extra header data for file attributes.
+    GZIP = 1,
+
+    // Simpler zlib stream format.
+    ZLIB = 2,
+  };
+
+  // buffer_size and format may be -1 for default of 64kB and GZIP format
+  explicit GzipInputStream(ZeroCopyInputStream* sub_stream,
+                           Format format = AUTO, int buffer_size = -1);
+  virtual ~GzipInputStream();
+
+  // Return last error message or NULL if no error.
+  inline const char* ZlibErrorMessage() const { return zcontext_.msg; }
+  inline int ZlibErrorCode() const { return zerror_; }
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyInputStream ----------------------------------
+  bool Next(const void** data, int* size);
+  void BackUp(int count);
+  bool Skip(int count);
+  int64_t ByteCount() const;
+
+ private:
+  Format format_;
+
+  ZeroCopyInputStream* sub_stream_;
+
+  z_stream zcontext_;
+  int zerror_;
+
+  void* output_buffer_;
+  void* output_position_;
+  size_t output_buffer_length_;
+  int64 byte_count_;
+
+  int Inflate(int flush);
+  void DoNextOutput(const void** data, int* size);
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(GzipInputStream);
+};
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT GzipOutputStream : public ZeroCopyOutputStream {
+ public:
+  // Format key for constructor
+  enum Format {
+    // GZIP streams have some extra header data for file attributes.
+    GZIP = 1,
+
+    // Simpler zlib stream format.
+    ZLIB = 2,
+  };
+
+  struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT Options {
+    // Defaults to GZIP.
+    Format format;
+
+    // What size buffer to use internally.  Defaults to 64kB.
+    int buffer_size;
+
+    // A number between 0 and 9, where 0 is no compression and 9 is best
+    // compression.  Defaults to Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION (see zlib.h).
+    int compression_level;
+
+    // Defaults to Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY.  Can also be set to Z_FILTERED,
+    // Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY, or Z_RLE.  See the documentation for deflateInit2 in
+    // zlib.h for definitions of these constants.
+    int compression_strategy;
+
+    Options();  // Initializes with default values.
+  };
+
+  // Create a GzipOutputStream with default options.
+  explicit GzipOutputStream(ZeroCopyOutputStream* sub_stream);
+
+  // Create a GzipOutputStream with the given options.
+  GzipOutputStream(ZeroCopyOutputStream* sub_stream, const Options& options);
+
+  virtual ~GzipOutputStream();
+
+  // Return last error message or NULL if no error.
+  inline const char* ZlibErrorMessage() const { return zcontext_.msg; }
+  inline int ZlibErrorCode() const { return zerror_; }
+
+  // Flushes data written so far to zipped data in the underlying stream.
+  // It is the caller's responsibility to flush the underlying stream if
+  // necessary.
+  // Compression may be less efficient stopping and starting around flushes.
+  // Returns true if no error.
+  //
+  // Please ensure that block size is > 6. Here is an excerpt from the zlib
+  // doc that explains why:
+  //
+  // In the case of a Z_FULL_FLUSH or Z_SYNC_FLUSH, make sure that avail_out
+  // is greater than six to avoid repeated flush markers due to
+  // avail_out == 0 on return.
+  bool Flush();
+
+  // Writes out all data and closes the gzip stream.
+  // It is the caller's responsibility to close the underlying stream if
+  // necessary.
+  // Returns true if no error.
+  bool Close();
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyOutputStream ---------------------------------
+  bool Next(void** data, int* size);
+  void BackUp(int count);
+  int64_t ByteCount() const;
+
+ private:
+  ZeroCopyOutputStream* sub_stream_;
+  // Result from calling Next() on sub_stream_
+  void* sub_data_;
+  int sub_data_size_;
+
+  z_stream zcontext_;
+  int zerror_;
+  void* input_buffer_;
+  size_t input_buffer_length_;
+
+  // Shared constructor code.
+  void Init(ZeroCopyOutputStream* sub_stream, const Options& options);
+
+  // Do some compression.
+  // Takes zlib flush mode.
+  // Returns zlib error code.
+  int Deflate(int flush);
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(GzipOutputStream);
+};
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_GZIP_STREAM_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream_unittest.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream_unittest.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..16251a94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream_unittest.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh -x
+#
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2009 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+# Author: brianolson@google.com (Brian Olson)
+#
+# Test compatibility between command line gzip/gunzip binaries and
+# ZeroCopyStream versions.
+
+TESTFILE=Makefile
+
+(./zcgzip < ${TESTFILE} | gunzip | cmp - ${TESTFILE}) && \
+(gzip < ${TESTFILE} | ./zcgunzip | cmp - ${TESTFILE})
+
+# Result of "(cmd) && (cmd)" implicitly becomes result of this script
+# and thus the test.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/io_win32.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/io_win32.cc
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d22ceac77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/io_win32.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: laszlocsomor@google.com (Laszlo Csomor)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+// Implementation for long-path-aware open/mkdir/access/etc. on Windows, as well
+// as for the supporting utility functions.
+//
+// These functions convert the input path to an absolute Windows path
+// with "\\?\" prefix, then pass that to _wopen/_wmkdir/_waccess/etc.
+// (declared in <io.h>) respectively. This allows working with files/directories
+// whose paths are longer than MAX_PATH (260 chars).
+//
+// This file is only used on Windows, it's empty on other platforms.
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_XBOX_ONE)
+
+// Comment this out to fall back to using the ANSI versions (open, mkdir, ...)
+// instead of the Unicode ones (_wopen, _wmkdir, ...). Doing so can be useful to
+// debug failing tests if that's caused by the long path support.
+#define SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h>
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <direct.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <io.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <wctype.h>
+
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN 1
+#endif
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+namespace win32 {
+namespace {
+
+using std::string;
+using std::wstring;
+
+template <typename char_type>
+struct CharTraits {
+  static bool is_alpha(char_type ch);
+};
+
+template <>
+struct CharTraits<char> {
+  static bool is_alpha(char ch) { return isalpha(ch); }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct CharTraits<wchar_t> {
+  static bool is_alpha(wchar_t ch) { return iswalpha(ch); }
+};
+
+template <typename char_type>
+bool null_or_empty(const char_type* s) {
+  return s == nullptr || *s == 0;
+}
+
+// Returns true if the path starts with a drive letter, e.g. "c:".
+// Note that this won't check for the "\" after the drive letter, so this also
+// returns true for "c:foo" (which is "c:\${PWD}\foo").
+// This check requires that a path not have a longpath prefix ("\\?\").
+template <typename char_type>
+bool has_drive_letter(const char_type* ch) {
+  return CharTraits<char_type>::is_alpha(ch[0]) && ch[1] == ':';
+}
+
+// Returns true if the path starts with a longpath prefix ("\\?\").
+template <typename char_type>
+bool has_longpath_prefix(const char_type* path) {
+  return path[0] == '\\' && path[1] == '\\' && path[2] == '?' &&
+         path[3] == '\\';
+}
+
+template <typename char_type>
+bool is_separator(char_type c) {
+  return c == '/' || c == '\\';
+}
+
+// Returns true if the path starts with a drive specifier (e.g. "c:\").
+template <typename char_type>
+bool is_path_absolute(const char_type* path) {
+  return has_drive_letter(path) && is_separator(path[2]);
+}
+
+template <typename char_type>
+bool is_drive_relative(const char_type* path) {
+  return has_drive_letter(path) && (path[2] == 0 || !is_separator(path[2]));
+}
+
+wstring join_paths(const wstring& path1, const wstring& path2) {
+  if (path1.empty() || is_path_absolute(path2.c_str()) ||
+      has_longpath_prefix(path2.c_str())) {
+    return path2;
+  }
+  if (path2.empty()) {
+    return path1;
+  }
+
+  if (is_separator(path1[path1.size() - 1])) {
+    return is_separator(path2[0]) ? (path1 + path2.substr(1))
+                                       : (path1 + path2);
+  } else {
+    return is_separator(path2[0]) ? (path1 + path2)
+                                       : (path1 + L'\\' + path2);
+  }
+}
+
+wstring normalize(wstring path) {
+  if (has_longpath_prefix(path.c_str())) {
+    path = path.substr(4);
+  }
+
+  static const wstring dot(L".");
+  static const wstring dotdot(L"..");
+  const WCHAR* p = path.c_str();
+
+  std::vector<wstring> segments;
+  int segment_start = -1;
+  // Find the path segments in `path` (separated by "/").
+  for (int i = 0;; ++i) {
+    if (!is_separator(p[i]) && p[i] != L'\0') {
+      // The current character does not end a segment, so start one unless it's
+      // already started.
+      if (segment_start < 0) {
+        segment_start = i;
+      }
+    } else if (segment_start >= 0 && i > segment_start) {
+      // The current character is "/" or "\0", so this ends a segment.
+      // Add that to `segments` if there's anything to add; handle "." and "..".
+      wstring segment(p, segment_start, i - segment_start);
+      segment_start = -1;
+      if (segment == dotdot) {
+        if (!segments.empty() &&
+            (!has_drive_letter(segments[0].c_str()) || segments.size() > 1)) {
+          segments.pop_back();
+        }
+      } else if (segment != dot && !segment.empty()) {
+        segments.push_back(segment);
+      }
+    }
+    if (p[i] == L'\0') {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Handle the case when `path` is just a drive specifier (or some degenerate
+  // form of it, e.g. "c:\..").
+  if (segments.size() == 1 && segments[0].size() == 2 &&
+      has_drive_letter(segments[0].c_str())) {
+    return segments[0] + L'\\';
+  }
+
+  // Join all segments.
+  bool first = true;
+  std::wstringstream result;
+  for (int i = 0; i < segments.size(); ++i) {
+    if (!first) {
+      result << L'\\';
+    }
+    first = false;
+    result << segments[i];
+  }
+  // Preserve trailing separator if the input contained it.
+  if (!path.empty() && is_separator(p[path.size() - 1])) {
+    result << L'\\';
+  }
+  return result.str();
+}
+
+bool as_windows_path(const char* path, wstring* result) {
+  if (null_or_empty(path)) {
+    result->clear();
+    return true;
+  }
+  wstring wpath;
+  if (!strings::utf8_to_wcs(path, &wpath)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (has_longpath_prefix(wpath.c_str())) {
+    *result = wpath;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (is_separator(path[0]) || is_drive_relative(path)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+
+  if (!is_path_absolute(wpath.c_str())) {
+    int size = ::GetCurrentDirectoryW(0, nullptr);
+    if (size == 0 && GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    std::unique_ptr<WCHAR[]> wcwd(new WCHAR[size]);
+    ::GetCurrentDirectoryW(size, wcwd.get());
+    wpath = join_paths(wcwd.get(), wpath);
+  }
+  wpath = normalize(wpath);
+  if (!has_longpath_prefix(wpath.c_str())) {
+    // Add the "\\?\" prefix unconditionally. This way we prevent the Win32 API
+    // from processing the path and "helpfully" removing trailing dots from the
+    // path, for example.
+    // See https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/2935
+    wpath = wstring(L"\\\\?\\") + wpath;
+  }
+  *result = wpath;
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int open(const char* path, int flags, int mode) {
+#ifdef SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
+  wstring wpath;
+  if (!as_windows_path(path, &wpath)) {
+    errno = ENOENT;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return ::_wopen(wpath.c_str(), flags, mode);
+#else
+  return ::_open(path, flags, mode);
+#endif
+}
+
+int mkdir(const char* path, int _mode) {
+#ifdef SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
+  wstring wpath;
+  if (!as_windows_path(path, &wpath)) {
+    errno = ENOENT;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return ::_wmkdir(wpath.c_str());
+#else   // not SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
+  return ::_mkdir(path);
+#endif  // not SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
+}
+
+int access(const char* path, int mode) {
+#ifdef SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
+  wstring wpath;
+  if (!as_windows_path(path, &wpath)) {
+    errno = ENOENT;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return ::_waccess(wpath.c_str(), mode);
+#else
+  return ::_access(path, mode);
+#endif
+}
+
+int chdir(const char* path) {
+#ifdef SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
+  wstring wpath;
+  if (!as_windows_path(path, &wpath)) {
+    errno = ENOENT;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return ::_wchdir(wpath.c_str());
+#else
+  return ::_chdir(path);
+#endif
+}
+
+int stat(const char* path, struct _stat* buffer) {
+#ifdef SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
+  wstring wpath;
+  if (!as_windows_path(path, &wpath)) {
+    errno = ENOENT;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return ::_wstat(wpath.c_str(), buffer);
+#else   // not SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
+  return ::_stat(path, buffer);
+#endif  // not SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
+}
+
+FILE* fopen(const char* path, const char* mode) {
+#ifdef SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
+  if (null_or_empty(path)) {
+    errno = EINVAL;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  wstring wpath;
+  if (!as_windows_path(path, &wpath)) {
+    errno = ENOENT;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  wstring wmode;
+  if (!strings::utf8_to_wcs(mode, &wmode)) {
+    errno = EINVAL;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return ::_wfopen(wpath.c_str(), wmode.c_str());
+#else
+  return ::fopen(path, mode);
+#endif
+}
+
+int close(int fd) { return ::_close(fd); }
+
+int dup(int fd) { return ::_dup(fd); }
+
+int dup2(int fd1, int fd2) { return ::_dup2(fd1, fd2); }
+
+int read(int fd, void* buffer, size_t size) {
+  return ::_read(fd, buffer, size);
+}
+
+int setmode(int fd, int mode) { return ::_setmode(fd, mode); }
+
+int write(int fd, const void* buffer, size_t size) {
+  return ::_write(fd, buffer, size);
+}
+
+wstring testonly_utf8_to_winpath(const char* path) {
+  wstring wpath;
+  return as_windows_path(path, &wpath) ? wpath : wstring();
+}
+
+ExpandWildcardsResult ExpandWildcards(
+    const string& path, std::function<void(const string&)> consume) {
+  if (path.find_first_of("*?") == string::npos) {
+    // There are no wildcards in the path, we don't need to expand it.
+    consume(path);
+    return ExpandWildcardsResult::kSuccess;
+  }
+
+  wstring wpath;
+  if (!as_windows_path(path.c_str(), &wpath)) {
+    return ExpandWildcardsResult::kErrorInputPathConversion;
+  }
+
+  static const wstring kDot = L".";
+  static const wstring kDotDot = L"..";
+  WIN32_FIND_DATAW metadata;
+  HANDLE handle = ::FindFirstFileW(wpath.c_str(), &metadata);
+  if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+    // The pattern does not match any files (or directories).
+    return ExpandWildcardsResult::kErrorNoMatchingFile;
+  }
+
+  string::size_type pos = path.find_last_of("\\/");
+  string dirname;
+  if (pos != string::npos) {
+    dirname = path.substr(0, pos + 1);
+  }
+
+  ExpandWildcardsResult matched = ExpandWildcardsResult::kErrorNoMatchingFile;
+  do {
+    // Ignore ".", "..", and directories.
+    if ((metadata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) == 0 &&
+        kDot != metadata.cFileName && kDotDot != metadata.cFileName) {
+      matched = ExpandWildcardsResult::kSuccess;
+      string filename;
+      if (!strings::wcs_to_utf8(metadata.cFileName, &filename)) {
+        return ExpandWildcardsResult::kErrorOutputPathConversion;
+      }
+
+      if (dirname.empty()) {
+        consume(filename);
+      } else {
+        consume(dirname + filename);
+      }
+    }
+  } while (::FindNextFileW(handle, &metadata));
+  FindClose(handle);
+  return matched;
+}
+
+namespace strings {
+
+bool wcs_to_mbs(const WCHAR* s, string* out, bool outUtf8) {
+  if (null_or_empty(s)) {
+    out->clear();
+    return true;
+  }
+  BOOL usedDefaultChar = FALSE;
+  SetLastError(0);
+  int size = WideCharToMultiByte(
+      outUtf8 ? CP_UTF8 : CP_ACP, 0, s, -1, nullptr, 0, nullptr,
+      outUtf8 ? nullptr : &usedDefaultChar);
+  if ((size == 0 && GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
+      || usedDefaultChar) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  std::unique_ptr<CHAR[]> astr(new CHAR[size]);
+  WideCharToMultiByte(
+      outUtf8 ? CP_UTF8 : CP_ACP, 0, s, -1, astr.get(), size, nullptr, nullptr);
+  out->assign(astr.get());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool mbs_to_wcs(const char* s, wstring* out, bool inUtf8) {
+  if (null_or_empty(s)) {
+    out->clear();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  SetLastError(0);
+  int size =
+      MultiByteToWideChar(inUtf8 ? CP_UTF8 : CP_ACP, 0, s, -1, nullptr, 0);
+  if (size == 0 && GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  std::unique_ptr<WCHAR[]> wstr(new WCHAR[size]);
+  MultiByteToWideChar(
+      inUtf8 ? CP_UTF8 : CP_ACP, 0, s, -1, wstr.get(), size + 1);
+  out->assign(wstr.get());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool utf8_to_wcs(const char* input, wstring* out) {
+  return mbs_to_wcs(input, out, true);
+}
+
+bool wcs_to_utf8(const wchar_t* input, string* out) {
+  return wcs_to_mbs(input, out, true);
+}
+
+}  // namespace strings
+}  // namespace win32
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // defined(_WIN32)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7d11dc2b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: laszlocsomor@google.com (Laszlo Csomor)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+// This file contains the declarations for Windows implementations of
+// commonly used POSIX functions such as open(2) and access(2), as well
+// as macro definitions for flags of these functions.
+//
+// By including this file you'll redefine open/access/etc. to
+// ::google::protobuf::io::win32::{open/access/etc.}.
+// Make sure you don't include a header that attempts to redeclare or
+// redefine these functions, that'll lead to confusing compilation
+// errors. It's best to #include this file as the last one to ensure that.
+//
+// This file is only used on Windows, it's empty on other platforms.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_IO_WIN32_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_IO_WIN32_H__
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+// Compilers on Windows other than MSVC (e.g. Cygwin, MinGW32) define the
+// following functions already, except for mkdir.
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+namespace win32 {
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT FILE* fopen(const char* path, const char* mode);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int access(const char* path, int mode);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int chdir(const char* path);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int close(int fd);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int dup(int fd);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int dup2(int fd1, int fd2);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int mkdir(const char* path, int _mode);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int open(const char* path, int flags, int mode = 0);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int read(int fd, void* buffer, size_t size);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int setmode(int fd, int mode);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int stat(const char* path, struct _stat* buffer);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int write(int fd, const void* buffer, size_t size);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT std::wstring testonly_utf8_to_winpath(const char* path);
+
+enum class ExpandWildcardsResult {
+  kSuccess = 0,
+  kErrorNoMatchingFile = 1,
+  kErrorInputPathConversion = 2,
+  kErrorOutputPathConversion = 3,
+};
+
+// Expand wildcards in a path pattern, feed the result to a consumer function.
+//
+// `path` must be a valid, Windows-style path. It may be absolute, or relative
+// to the current working directory, and it may contain wildcards ("*" and "?")
+// in the last path segment. This function passes all matching file names to
+// `consume`. The resulting paths may not be absolute nor normalized.
+//
+// The function returns a value from `ExpandWildcardsResult`.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ExpandWildcardsResult ExpandWildcards(
+    const std::string& path, std::function<void(const std::string&)> consume);
+
+namespace strings {
+
+// Convert from UTF-16 to Active-Code-Page-encoded or to UTF-8-encoded text.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool wcs_to_mbs(const wchar_t* s, std::string* out,
+                                bool outUtf8);
+
+// Convert from Active-Code-Page-encoded or UTF-8-encoded text to UTF-16.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool mbs_to_wcs(const char* s, std::wstring* out, bool inUtf8);
+
+// Convert from UTF-8-encoded text to UTF-16.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool utf8_to_wcs(const char* input, std::wstring* out);
+
+// Convert from UTF-16-encoded text to UTF-8.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool wcs_to_utf8(const wchar_t* input, std::string* out);
+
+}  // namespace strings
+
+}  // namespace win32
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#ifndef W_OK
+#define W_OK 02  // not defined by MSVC for whatever reason
+#endif
+
+#ifndef F_OK
+#define F_OK 00  // not defined by MSVC for whatever reason
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STDIN_FILENO
+#define STDIN_FILENO 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STDOUT_FILENO
+#define STDOUT_FILENO 1
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // defined(_WIN32)
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_IO_WIN32_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/io_win32_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/io_win32_unittest.cc
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f0ca47cfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/io_win32_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,631 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: laszlocsomor@google.com (Laszlo Csomor)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+// Unit tests for long-path-aware open/mkdir/access/etc. on Windows, as well as
+// for the supporting utility functions.
+//
+// This file is only used on Windows, it's empty on other platforms.
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#include <google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <wchar.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+namespace win32 {
+namespace {
+
+const char kUtf8Text[] = {
+    'h', 'i', ' ',
+    // utf-8: 11010000 10011111, utf-16: 100 0001 1111 = 0x041F
+    static_cast<char>(0xd0), static_cast<char>(0x9f),
+    // utf-8: 11010001 10000000, utf-16: 100 0100 0000 = 0x0440
+    static_cast<char>(0xd1), static_cast<char>(0x80),
+    // utf-8: 11010000 10111000, utf-16: 100 0011 1000 = 0x0438
+    static_cast<char>(0xd0), static_cast<char>(0xb8),
+    // utf-8: 11010000 10110010, utf-16: 100 0011 0010 = 0x0432
+    static_cast<char>(0xd0), static_cast<char>(0xb2),
+    // utf-8: 11010000 10110101, utf-16: 100 0011 0101 = 0x0435
+    static_cast<char>(0xd0), static_cast<char>(0xb5),
+    // utf-8: 11010001 10000010, utf-16: 100 0100 0010 = 0x0442
+    static_cast<char>(0xd1), static_cast<char>(0x82), 0
+};
+
+const wchar_t kUtf16Text[] = {
+  L'h', L'i', L' ',
+  L'\x41f', L'\x440', L'\x438', L'\x432', L'\x435', L'\x442', 0
+};
+
+using std::string;
+using std::vector;
+using std::wstring;
+
+class IoWin32Test : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  void SetUp();
+  void TearDown();
+
+ protected:
+  bool CreateAllUnder(wstring path);
+  bool DeleteAllUnder(wstring path);
+
+  WCHAR working_directory[MAX_PATH];
+  string test_tmpdir;
+  wstring wtest_tmpdir;
+};
+
+#define ASSERT_INITIALIZED              \
+  {                                     \
+    EXPECT_FALSE(test_tmpdir.empty());  \
+    EXPECT_FALSE(wtest_tmpdir.empty()); \
+  }
+
+namespace {
+void StripTrailingSlashes(string* str) {
+  int i = str->size() - 1;
+  for (; i >= 0 && ((*str)[i] == '/' || (*str)[i] == '\\'); --i) {}
+  str->resize(i+1);
+}
+
+bool GetEnvVarAsUtf8(const WCHAR* name, string* result) {
+  DWORD size = ::GetEnvironmentVariableW(name, nullptr, 0);
+  if (size > 0 && GetLastError() != ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND) {
+    std::unique_ptr<WCHAR[]> wcs(new WCHAR[size]);
+    ::GetEnvironmentVariableW(name, wcs.get(), size);
+    // GetEnvironmentVariableA retrieves an Active-Code-Page-encoded text which
+    // we'd first need to convert to UTF-16 then to UTF-8, because there seems
+    // to be no API function to do that conversion directly.
+    // GetEnvironmentVariableW retrieves an UTF-16-encoded text, which we need
+    // to convert to UTF-8.
+    return strings::wcs_to_utf8(wcs.get(), result);
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool GetCwdAsUtf8(string* result) {
+  DWORD size = ::GetCurrentDirectoryW(0, nullptr);
+  if (size > 0) {
+    std::unique_ptr<WCHAR[]> wcs(new WCHAR[size]);
+    ::GetCurrentDirectoryW(size, wcs.get());
+    // GetCurrentDirectoryA retrieves an Active-Code-Page-encoded text which
+    // we'd first need to convert to UTF-16 then to UTF-8, because there seems
+    // to be no API function to do that conversion directly.
+    // GetCurrentDirectoryW retrieves an UTF-16-encoded text, which we need
+    // to convert to UTF-8.
+    return strings::wcs_to_utf8(wcs.get(), result);
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool CreateEmptyFile(const wstring& path) {
+  HANDLE h = CreateFileW(path.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS,
+                         FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
+  if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  CloseHandle(h);
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void IoWin32Test::SetUp() {
+  test_tmpdir.clear();
+  wtest_tmpdir.clear();
+  DWORD size = ::GetCurrentDirectoryW(MAX_PATH, working_directory);
+  EXPECT_GT(size, 0);
+  EXPECT_LT(size, MAX_PATH);
+
+  string tmp;
+  bool ok = false;
+  if (!ok) {
+    // Bazel sets this environment variable when it runs tests.
+    ok = GetEnvVarAsUtf8(L"TEST_TMPDIR", &tmp);
+  }
+  if (!ok) {
+    // Bazel 0.8.0 sets this environment for every build and test action.
+    ok = GetEnvVarAsUtf8(L"TEMP", &tmp);
+  }
+  if (!ok) {
+    // Bazel 0.8.0 sets this environment for every build and test action.
+    ok = GetEnvVarAsUtf8(L"TMP", &tmp);
+  }
+  if (!ok) {
+    // Fall back to using the current directory.
+    ok = GetCwdAsUtf8(&tmp);
+  }
+  if (!ok || tmp.empty()) {
+    FAIL() << "Cannot find a temp directory.";
+  }
+
+  StripTrailingSlashes(&tmp);
+  std::stringstream result;
+  // Deleting files and directories is asynchronous on Windows, and if TearDown
+  // just deleted the previous temp directory, sometimes we cannot recreate the
+  // same directory.
+  // Use a counter so every test method gets its own temp directory.
+  static unsigned int counter = 0;
+  result << tmp << "\\w32tst" << counter++ << ".tmp";
+  test_tmpdir = result.str();
+  wtest_tmpdir = testonly_utf8_to_winpath(test_tmpdir.c_str());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(wtest_tmpdir.empty());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DeleteAllUnder(wtest_tmpdir));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(CreateAllUnder(wtest_tmpdir));
+}
+
+void IoWin32Test::TearDown() {
+  if (!wtest_tmpdir.empty()) {
+    DeleteAllUnder(wtest_tmpdir);
+  }
+  ::SetCurrentDirectoryW(working_directory);
+}
+
+bool IoWin32Test::CreateAllUnder(wstring path) {
+  // Prepend UNC prefix if the path doesn't have it already. Don't bother
+  // checking if the path is shorter than MAX_PATH, let's just do it
+  // unconditionally.
+  if (path.find(L"\\\\?\\") != 0) {
+    path = wstring(L"\\\\?\\") + path;
+  }
+  if (::CreateDirectoryW(path.c_str(), nullptr) ||
+      GetLastError() == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS ||
+      GetLastError() == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (GetLastError() == ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND) {
+    size_t pos = path.find_last_of(L'\\');
+    if (pos != wstring::npos) {
+      wstring parent(path, 0, pos);
+      if (CreateAllUnder(parent) && CreateDirectoryW(path.c_str(), nullptr)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool IoWin32Test::DeleteAllUnder(wstring path) {
+  static const wstring kDot(L".");
+  static const wstring kDotDot(L"..");
+
+  // Prepend UNC prefix if the path doesn't have it already. Don't bother
+  // checking if the path is shorter than MAX_PATH, let's just do it
+  // unconditionally.
+  if (path.find(L"\\\\?\\") != 0) {
+    path = wstring(L"\\\\?\\") + path;
+  }
+  // Append "\" if necessary.
+  if (path[path.size() - 1] != L'\\') {
+    path.push_back(L'\\');
+  }
+
+  WIN32_FIND_DATAW metadata;
+  HANDLE handle = ::FindFirstFileW((path + L"*").c_str(), &metadata);
+  if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+    return true;  // directory doesn't exist
+  }
+
+  bool result = true;
+  do {
+    wstring childname = metadata.cFileName;
+    if (kDot != childname && kDotDot != childname) {
+      wstring childpath = path + childname;
+      if ((metadata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0) {
+        // If this is not a junction, delete its contents recursively.
+        // Finally delete this directory/junction too.
+        if (((metadata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) == 0 &&
+             !DeleteAllUnder(childpath)) ||
+            !::RemoveDirectoryW(childpath.c_str())) {
+          result = false;
+          break;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (!::DeleteFileW(childpath.c_str())) {
+          result = false;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } while (::FindNextFileW(handle, &metadata));
+  ::FindClose(handle);
+  return result;
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoWin32Test, AccessTest) {
+  ASSERT_INITIALIZED;
+
+  string path = test_tmpdir;
+  while (path.size() < MAX_PATH - 30) {
+    path += "\\accesstest";
+    EXPECT_EQ(mkdir(path.c_str(), 0644), 0);
+  }
+  string file = path + "\\file.txt";
+  int fd = open(file.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0644);
+  if (fd > 0) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+  } else {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(false);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(access(test_tmpdir.c_str(), F_OK), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(access(path.c_str(), F_OK), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(access(path.c_str(), W_OK), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(access(file.c_str(), F_OK | W_OK), 0);
+  EXPECT_NE(access((file + ".blah").c_str(), F_OK), 0);
+  EXPECT_NE(access((file + ".blah").c_str(), W_OK), 0);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(access(".", F_OK), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(access(".", W_OK), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(access((test_tmpdir + "/accesstest").c_str(), F_OK | W_OK), 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(access((test_tmpdir + "/./normalize_me/.././accesstest").c_str(),
+                   F_OK | W_OK),
+            0);
+  EXPECT_NE(access("io_win32_unittest.AccessTest.nonexistent", F_OK), 0);
+  EXPECT_NE(access("io_win32_unittest.AccessTest.nonexistent", W_OK), 0);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(access("c:bad", F_OK), -1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOENT);
+  ASSERT_EQ(access("/tmp/bad", F_OK), -1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOENT);
+  ASSERT_EQ(access("\\bad", F_OK), -1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOENT);
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoWin32Test, OpenTest) {
+  ASSERT_INITIALIZED;
+
+  string path = test_tmpdir;
+  while (path.size() < MAX_PATH) {
+    path += "\\opentest";
+    EXPECT_EQ(mkdir(path.c_str(), 0644), 0);
+  }
+  string file = path + "\\file.txt";
+  int fd = open(file.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0644);
+  if (fd > 0) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(write(fd, "hello", 5), 5);
+    EXPECT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+  } else {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(false);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(open("c:bad.txt", O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0644), -1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOENT);
+  ASSERT_EQ(open("/tmp/bad.txt", O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0644), -1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOENT);
+  ASSERT_EQ(open("\\bad.txt", O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0644), -1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOENT);
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoWin32Test, MkdirTest) {
+  ASSERT_INITIALIZED;
+
+  string path = test_tmpdir;
+  do {
+    path += "\\mkdirtest";
+    ASSERT_EQ(mkdir(path.c_str(), 0644), 0);
+  } while (path.size() <= MAX_PATH);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(mkdir("c:bad", 0644), -1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOENT);
+  ASSERT_EQ(mkdir("/tmp/bad", 0644), -1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOENT);
+  ASSERT_EQ(mkdir("\\bad", 0644), -1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOENT);
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoWin32Test, MkdirTestNonAscii) {
+  ASSERT_INITIALIZED;
+
+  // Create a non-ASCII path.
+  // Ensure that we can create the directory using CreateDirectoryW.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateDirectoryW((wtest_tmpdir + L"\\1").c_str(), nullptr));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateDirectoryW((wtest_tmpdir + L"\\1\\" + kUtf16Text).c_str(), nullptr));
+  // Ensure that we can create a very similarly named directory using mkdir.
+  // We don't attemp to delete and recreate the same directory, because on
+  // Windows, deleting files and directories seems to be asynchronous.
+  EXPECT_EQ(mkdir((test_tmpdir + "\\2").c_str(), 0644), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(mkdir((test_tmpdir + "\\2\\" + kUtf8Text).c_str(), 0644), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoWin32Test, ChdirTest) {
+  string path("C:\\");
+  EXPECT_EQ(access(path.c_str(), F_OK), 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(chdir(path.c_str()), 0);
+
+  // Do not try to chdir into the test_tmpdir, it may already contain directory
+  // names with trailing dots.
+  // Instead test here with an obviously dot-trailed path. If the win32_chdir
+  // function would not convert the path to absolute and prefix with "\\?\" then
+  // the Win32 API would ignore the trailing dot, but because of the prefixing
+  // there'll be no path processing done, so we'll actually attempt to chdir
+  // into "C:\some\path\foo."
+  path = test_tmpdir + "/foo.";
+  EXPECT_EQ(mkdir(path.c_str(), 644), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(access(path.c_str(), F_OK), 0);
+  ASSERT_NE(chdir(path.c_str()), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoWin32Test, ChdirTestNonAscii) {
+  ASSERT_INITIALIZED;
+
+  // Create a directory with a non-ASCII path and ensure we can cd into it.
+  wstring wNonAscii(wtest_tmpdir + L"\\" + kUtf16Text);
+  string nonAscii;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(strings::wcs_to_utf8(wNonAscii.c_str(), &nonAscii));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateDirectoryW(wNonAscii.c_str(), nullptr));
+  WCHAR cwd[MAX_PATH];
+  EXPECT_TRUE(GetCurrentDirectoryW(MAX_PATH, cwd));
+  // Ensure that we can cd into the path using SetCurrentDirectoryW.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(SetCurrentDirectoryW(wNonAscii.c_str()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(SetCurrentDirectoryW(cwd));
+  // Ensure that we can cd into the path using chdir.
+  ASSERT_EQ(chdir(nonAscii.c_str()), 0);
+  // Ensure that the GetCurrentDirectoryW returns the desired path.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(GetCurrentDirectoryW(MAX_PATH, cwd));
+  ASSERT_EQ(wNonAscii, cwd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoWin32Test, ExpandWildcardsInRelativePathTest) {
+  wstring wNonAscii(wtest_tmpdir + L"\\" + kUtf16Text);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateDirectoryW(wNonAscii.c_str(), nullptr));
+  // Create mock files we will test pattern matching on.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateEmptyFile(wNonAscii + L"\\foo_a.proto"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateEmptyFile(wNonAscii + L"\\foo_b.proto"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateEmptyFile(wNonAscii + L"\\bar.proto"));
+  // `cd` into `wtest_tmpdir`.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(SetCurrentDirectoryW(wtest_tmpdir.c_str()));
+
+  int found_a = 0;
+  int found_b = 0;
+  vector<string> found_bad;
+  // Assert matching a relative path pattern. Results should also be relative.
+  ExpandWildcardsResult result =
+      ExpandWildcards(string(kUtf8Text) + "\\foo*.proto",
+                      [&found_a, &found_b, &found_bad](const string& p) {
+                        if (p == string(kUtf8Text) + "\\foo_a.proto") {
+                          found_a++;
+                        } else if (p == string(kUtf8Text) + "\\foo_b.proto") {
+                          found_b++;
+                        } else {
+                          found_bad.push_back(p);
+                        }
+                      });
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, ExpandWildcardsResult::kSuccess);
+  EXPECT_EQ(found_a, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(found_b, 1);
+  if (!found_bad.empty()) {
+    FAIL() << found_bad[0];
+  }
+
+  // Assert matching the exact filename.
+  found_a = 0;
+  found_bad.clear();
+  result = ExpandWildcards(string(kUtf8Text) + "\\foo_a.proto",
+                           [&found_a, &found_bad](const string& p) {
+                             if (p == string(kUtf8Text) + "\\foo_a.proto") {
+                               found_a++;
+                             } else {
+                               found_bad.push_back(p);
+                             }
+                           });
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, ExpandWildcardsResult::kSuccess);
+  EXPECT_EQ(found_a, 1);
+  if (!found_bad.empty()) {
+    FAIL() << found_bad[0];
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoWin32Test, ExpandWildcardsInAbsolutePathTest) {
+  wstring wNonAscii(wtest_tmpdir + L"\\" + kUtf16Text);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateDirectoryW(wNonAscii.c_str(), nullptr));
+  // Create mock files we will test pattern matching on.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateEmptyFile(wNonAscii + L"\\foo_a.proto"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateEmptyFile(wNonAscii + L"\\foo_b.proto"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateEmptyFile(wNonAscii + L"\\bar.proto"));
+
+  int found_a = 0;
+  int found_b = 0;
+  vector<string> found_bad;
+  // Assert matching an absolute path. The results should also use absolute
+  // path.
+  ExpandWildcardsResult result =
+      ExpandWildcards(string(test_tmpdir) + "\\" + kUtf8Text + "\\foo*.proto",
+                      [this, &found_a, &found_b, &found_bad](const string& p) {
+                        if (p == string(this->test_tmpdir) + "\\" + kUtf8Text +
+                                     "\\foo_a.proto") {
+                          found_a++;
+                        } else if (p == string(this->test_tmpdir) + "\\" +
+                                            kUtf8Text + "\\foo_b.proto") {
+                          found_b++;
+                        } else {
+                          found_bad.push_back(p);
+                        }
+                      });
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, ExpandWildcardsResult::kSuccess);
+  EXPECT_EQ(found_a, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(found_b, 1);
+  if (!found_bad.empty()) {
+    FAIL() << found_bad[0];
+  }
+
+  // Assert matching the exact filename.
+  found_a = 0;
+  found_bad.clear();
+  result =
+      ExpandWildcards(string(test_tmpdir) + "\\" + kUtf8Text + "\\foo_a.proto",
+                      [this, &found_a, &found_bad](const string& p) {
+                        if (p == string(this->test_tmpdir) + "\\" + kUtf8Text +
+                                     "\\foo_a.proto") {
+                          found_a++;
+                        } else {
+                          found_bad.push_back(p);
+                        }
+                      });
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, ExpandWildcardsResult::kSuccess);
+  EXPECT_EQ(found_a, 1);
+  if (!found_bad.empty()) {
+    FAIL() << found_bad[0];
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoWin32Test, ExpandWildcardsIgnoresDirectoriesTest) {
+  wstring wNonAscii(wtest_tmpdir + L"\\" + kUtf16Text);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateDirectoryW(wNonAscii.c_str(), nullptr));
+  // Create mock files we will test pattern matching on.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateEmptyFile(wNonAscii + L"\\foo_a.proto"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      CreateDirectoryW((wNonAscii + L"\\foo_b.proto").c_str(), nullptr));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateEmptyFile(wNonAscii + L"\\foo_c.proto"));
+  // `cd` into `wtest_tmpdir`.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(SetCurrentDirectoryW(wtest_tmpdir.c_str()));
+
+  int found_a = 0;
+  int found_c = 0;
+  vector<string> found_bad;
+  // Assert that the pattern matches exactly the expected files, and using the
+  // absolute path as did the input pattern.
+  ExpandWildcardsResult result =
+      ExpandWildcards(string(kUtf8Text) + "\\foo*.proto",
+                      [&found_a, &found_c, &found_bad](const string& p) {
+                        if (p == string(kUtf8Text) + "\\foo_a.proto") {
+                          found_a++;
+                        } else if (p == string(kUtf8Text) + "\\foo_c.proto") {
+                          found_c++;
+                        } else {
+                          found_bad.push_back(p);
+                        }
+                      });
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, ExpandWildcardsResult::kSuccess);
+  EXPECT_EQ(found_a, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(found_c, 1);
+  if (!found_bad.empty()) {
+    FAIL() << found_bad[0];
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoWin32Test, ExpandWildcardsFailsIfNoFileMatchesTest) {
+  wstring wNonAscii(wtest_tmpdir + L"\\" + kUtf16Text);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateDirectoryW(wNonAscii.c_str(), nullptr));
+  // Create mock files we will test pattern matching on.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CreateEmptyFile(wNonAscii + L"\\foo_a.proto"));
+  // `cd` into `wtest_tmpdir`.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(SetCurrentDirectoryW(wtest_tmpdir.c_str()));
+
+  // Control test: should match foo*.proto
+  ExpandWildcardsResult result =
+      ExpandWildcards(string(kUtf8Text) + "\\foo*.proto", [](const string&) {});
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, ExpandWildcardsResult::kSuccess);
+
+  // Control test: should match foo_a.proto
+  result = ExpandWildcards(string(kUtf8Text) + "\\foo_a.proto",
+                           [](const string&) {});
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, ExpandWildcardsResult::kSuccess);
+
+  // Actual test: should not match anything.
+  result =
+      ExpandWildcards(string(kUtf8Text) + "\\bar*.proto", [](const string&) {});
+  ASSERT_EQ(result, ExpandWildcardsResult::kErrorNoMatchingFile);
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoWin32Test, AsWindowsPathTest) {
+  DWORD size = GetCurrentDirectoryW(0, nullptr);
+  std::unique_ptr<wchar_t[]> cwd_str(new wchar_t[size]);
+  EXPECT_GT(GetCurrentDirectoryW(size, cwd_str.get()), 0);
+  wstring cwd = wstring(L"\\\\?\\") + cwd_str.get();
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(testonly_utf8_to_winpath("relative_mkdirtest"),
+            cwd + L"\\relative_mkdirtest");
+  ASSERT_EQ(testonly_utf8_to_winpath("preserve//\\trailing///"),
+            cwd + L"\\preserve\\trailing\\");
+  ASSERT_EQ(testonly_utf8_to_winpath("./normalize_me\\/../blah"),
+            cwd + L"\\blah");
+  std::ostringstream relpath;
+  for (wchar_t* p = cwd_str.get(); *p; ++p) {
+    if (*p == '/' || *p == '\\') {
+      relpath << "../";
+    }
+  }
+  relpath << ".\\/../\\./beyond-toplevel";
+  ASSERT_EQ(testonly_utf8_to_winpath(relpath.str().c_str()),
+            wstring(L"\\\\?\\") + cwd_str.get()[0] + L":\\beyond-toplevel");
+
+  // Absolute unix paths lack drive letters, driveless absolute windows paths
+  // do too. Neither can be converted to a drive-specifying absolute Windows
+  // path.
+  ASSERT_EQ(testonly_utf8_to_winpath("/absolute/unix/path"), L"");
+  // Though valid on Windows, we also don't support UNC paths (\\UNC\\blah).
+  ASSERT_EQ(testonly_utf8_to_winpath("\\driveless\\absolute"), L"");
+  // Though valid in cmd.exe, drive-relative paths are not supported.
+  ASSERT_EQ(testonly_utf8_to_winpath("c:foo"), L"");
+  ASSERT_EQ(testonly_utf8_to_winpath("c:/foo"), L"\\\\?\\c:\\foo");
+  ASSERT_EQ(testonly_utf8_to_winpath("\\\\?\\C:\\foo"), L"\\\\?\\C:\\foo");
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoWin32Test, Utf8Utf16ConversionTest) {
+  string mbs;
+  wstring wcs;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(strings::utf8_to_wcs(kUtf8Text, &wcs));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(strings::wcs_to_utf8(kUtf16Text, &mbs));
+  ASSERT_EQ(wcs, kUtf16Text);
+  ASSERT_EQ(mbs, kUtf8Text);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace win32
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // defined(_WIN32)
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/package_info.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/package_info.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46c3dac91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/package_info.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file exists solely to document the google::protobuf::io namespace.
+// It is not compiled into anything, but it may be read by an automated
+// documentation generator.
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Auxiliary classes used for I/O.
+//
+// The Protocol Buffer library uses the classes in this package to deal with
+// I/O and encoding/decoding raw bytes.  Most users will not need to
+// deal with this package.  However, users who want to adapt the system to
+// work with their own I/O abstractions -- e.g., to allow Protocol Buffers
+// to be read from a different kind of input stream without the need for a
+// temporary buffer -- should take a closer look.
+namespace io {}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8d4d2b1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+#include <cctype>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+Printer::Printer(ZeroCopyOutputStream* output, char variable_delimiter)
+    : variable_delimiter_(variable_delimiter),
+      output_(output),
+      buffer_(NULL),
+      buffer_size_(0),
+      offset_(0),
+      at_start_of_line_(true),
+      failed_(false),
+      annotation_collector_(NULL) {}
+
+Printer::Printer(ZeroCopyOutputStream* output, char variable_delimiter,
+                 AnnotationCollector* annotation_collector)
+    : variable_delimiter_(variable_delimiter),
+      output_(output),
+      buffer_(NULL),
+      buffer_size_(0),
+      offset_(0),
+      at_start_of_line_(true),
+      failed_(false),
+      annotation_collector_(annotation_collector) {}
+
+Printer::~Printer() {
+  // Only BackUp() if we have called Next() at least once and never failed.
+  if (buffer_size_ > 0 && !failed_) {
+    output_->BackUp(buffer_size_);
+  }
+}
+
+bool Printer::GetSubstitutionRange(const char* varname,
+                                   std::pair<size_t, size_t>* range) {
+  std::map<std::string, std::pair<size_t, size_t> >::const_iterator iter =
+      substitutions_.find(varname);
+  if (iter == substitutions_.end()) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << " Undefined variable in annotation: " << varname;
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (iter->second.first > iter->second.second) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << " Variable used for annotation used multiple times: "
+                << varname;
+    return false;
+  }
+  *range = iter->second;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Printer::Annotate(const char* begin_varname, const char* end_varname,
+                       const std::string& file_path,
+                       const std::vector<int>& path) {
+  if (annotation_collector_ == NULL) {
+    // Can't generate signatures with this Printer.
+    return;
+  }
+  std::pair<size_t, size_t> begin, end;
+  if (!GetSubstitutionRange(begin_varname, &begin) ||
+      !GetSubstitutionRange(end_varname, &end)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (begin.first > end.second) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "  Annotation has negative length from " << begin_varname
+                << " to " << end_varname;
+  } else {
+    annotation_collector_->AddAnnotation(begin.first, end.second, file_path,
+                                         path);
+  }
+}
+
+void Printer::Print(const std::map<std::string, std::string>& variables,
+                    const char* text) {
+  int size = strlen(text);
+  int pos = 0;  // The number of bytes we've written so far.
+  substitutions_.clear();
+  line_start_variables_.clear();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    if (text[i] == '\n') {
+      // Saw newline.  If there is more text, we may need to insert an indent
+      // here.  So, write what we have so far, including the '\n'.
+      WriteRaw(text + pos, i - pos + 1);
+      pos = i + 1;
+
+      // Setting this true will cause the next WriteRaw() to insert an indent
+      // first.
+      at_start_of_line_ = true;
+      line_start_variables_.clear();
+
+    } else if (text[i] == variable_delimiter_) {
+      // Saw the start of a variable name.
+
+      // Write what we have so far.
+      WriteRaw(text + pos, i - pos);
+      pos = i + 1;
+
+      // Find closing delimiter.
+      const char* end = strchr(text + pos, variable_delimiter_);
+      if (end == NULL) {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << " Unclosed variable name.";
+        end = text + pos;
+      }
+      int endpos = end - text;
+
+      std::string varname(text + pos, endpos - pos);
+      if (varname.empty()) {
+        // Two delimiters in a row reduce to a literal delimiter character.
+        WriteRaw(&variable_delimiter_, 1);
+      } else {
+        // Replace with the variable's value.
+        std::map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator iter =
+            variables.find(varname);
+        if (iter == variables.end()) {
+          GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << " Undefined variable: " << varname;
+        } else {
+          if (at_start_of_line_ && iter->second.empty()) {
+            line_start_variables_.push_back(varname);
+          }
+          WriteRaw(iter->second.data(), iter->second.size());
+          std::pair<std::map<std::string, std::pair<size_t, size_t> >::iterator,
+                    bool>
+              inserted = substitutions_.insert(std::make_pair(
+                  varname,
+                  std::make_pair(offset_ - iter->second.size(), offset_)));
+          if (!inserted.second) {
+            // This variable was used multiple times.  Make its span have
+            // negative length so we can detect it if it gets used in an
+            // annotation.
+            inserted.first->second = std::make_pair(1, 0);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Advance past this variable.
+      i = endpos;
+      pos = endpos + 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Write the rest.
+  WriteRaw(text + pos, size - pos);
+}
+
+void Printer::Indent() { indent_ += "  "; }
+
+void Printer::Outdent() {
+  if (indent_.empty()) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << " Outdent() without matching Indent().";
+    return;
+  }
+
+  indent_.resize(indent_.size() - 2);
+}
+
+void Printer::PrintRaw(const std::string& data) {
+  WriteRaw(data.data(), data.size());
+}
+
+void Printer::PrintRaw(const char* data) {
+  if (failed_) return;
+  WriteRaw(data, strlen(data));
+}
+
+void Printer::WriteRaw(const char* data, int size) {
+  if (failed_) return;
+  if (size == 0) return;
+
+  if (at_start_of_line_ && (size > 0) && (data[0] != '\n')) {
+    // Insert an indent.
+    at_start_of_line_ = false;
+    CopyToBuffer(indent_.data(), indent_.size());
+    if (failed_) return;
+    // Fix up empty variables (e.g., "{") that should be annotated as
+    // coming after the indent.
+    for (std::vector<std::string>::iterator i = line_start_variables_.begin();
+         i != line_start_variables_.end(); ++i) {
+      substitutions_[*i].first += indent_.size();
+      substitutions_[*i].second += indent_.size();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If we're going to write any data, clear line_start_variables_, since
+  // we've either updated them in the block above or they no longer refer to
+  // the current line.
+  line_start_variables_.clear();
+
+  CopyToBuffer(data, size);
+}
+
+bool Printer::Next() {
+  do {
+    void* void_buffer;
+    if (!output_->Next(&void_buffer, &buffer_size_)) {
+      failed_ = true;
+      return false;
+    }
+    buffer_ = reinterpret_cast<char*>(void_buffer);
+  } while (buffer_size_ == 0);
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Printer::CopyToBuffer(const char* data, int size) {
+  if (failed_) return;
+  if (size == 0) return;
+
+  while (size > buffer_size_) {
+    // Data exceeds space in the buffer.  Copy what we can and request a
+    // new buffer.
+    if (buffer_size_ > 0) {
+      memcpy(buffer_, data, buffer_size_);
+      offset_ += buffer_size_;
+      data += buffer_size_;
+      size -= buffer_size_;
+    }
+    void* void_buffer;
+    failed_ = !output_->Next(&void_buffer, &buffer_size_);
+    if (failed_) return;
+    buffer_ = reinterpret_cast<char*>(void_buffer);
+  }
+
+  // Buffer is big enough to receive the data; copy it.
+  memcpy(buffer_, data, size);
+  buffer_ += size;
+  buffer_size_ -= size;
+  offset_ += size;
+}
+
+void Printer::IndentIfAtStart() {
+  if (at_start_of_line_) {
+    CopyToBuffer(indent_.data(), indent_.size());
+    at_start_of_line_ = false;
+  }
+}
+
+void Printer::FormatInternal(const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                             const std::map<std::string, std::string>& vars,
+                             const char* format) {
+  auto save = format;
+  int arg_index = 0;
+  std::vector<AnnotationCollector::Annotation> annotations;
+  while (*format) {
+    char c = *format++;
+    switch (c) {
+      case '$':
+        format = WriteVariable(args, vars, format, &arg_index, &annotations);
+        continue;
+      case '\n':
+        at_start_of_line_ = true;
+        line_start_variables_.clear();
+        break;
+      default:
+        IndentIfAtStart();
+        break;
+    }
+    push_back(c);
+  }
+  if (arg_index != args.size()) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << " Unused arguments. " << save;
+  }
+  if (!annotations.empty()) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << " Annotation range is not-closed, expect $}$. " << save;
+  }
+}
+
+const char* Printer::WriteVariable(
+    const std::vector<string>& args,
+    const std::map<std::string, std::string>& vars, const char* format,
+    int* arg_index, std::vector<AnnotationCollector::Annotation>* annotations) {
+  auto start = format;
+  auto end = strchr(format, '$');
+  if (!end) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << " Unclosed variable name.";
+  }
+  format = end + 1;
+  if (end == start) {
+    // "$$" is an escape for just '$'
+    IndentIfAtStart();
+    push_back('$');
+    return format;
+  }
+  if (*start == '{') {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(std::isdigit(start[1]));
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(end - start, 2);
+    int idx = start[1] - '1';
+    if (idx < 0 || idx >= args.size()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Annotation ${" << idx + 1 << "$ is out of bounds.";
+    }
+    if (idx > *arg_index) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Annotation arg must be in correct order as given. Expected"
+                 << " ${" << (*arg_index) + 1 << "$ got ${" << idx + 1 << "$.";
+    } else if (idx == *arg_index) {
+      (*arg_index)++;
+    }
+    IndentIfAtStart();
+    annotations->push_back({{offset_, 0}, args[idx]});
+    return format;
+  } else if (*start == '}') {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(annotations);
+    if (annotations->empty()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected end of annotation found.";
+    }
+    auto& a = annotations->back();
+    a.first.second = offset_;
+    if (annotation_collector_) annotation_collector_->AddAnnotationNew(a);
+    annotations->pop_back();
+    return format;
+  }
+  auto start_var = start;
+  while (start_var < end && *start_var == ' ') start_var++;
+  if (start_var == end) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << " Empty variable.";
+  }
+  auto end_var = end;
+  while (start_var < end_var && *(end_var - 1) == ' ') end_var--;
+  std::string var_name{
+      start_var, static_cast<std::string::size_type>(end_var - start_var)};
+  std::string sub;
+  if (std::isdigit(var_name[0])) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(var_name.size(), 1);  // No need for multi-digits
+    int idx = var_name[0] - '1';   // Start counting at 1
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(idx, 0);
+    if (idx >= args.size()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Argument $" << idx + 1 << "$ is out of bounds.";
+    }
+    if (idx > *arg_index) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Arguments must be used in same order as given. Expected $"
+                 << (*arg_index) + 1 << "$ got $" << idx + 1 << "$.";
+    } else if (idx == *arg_index) {
+      (*arg_index)++;
+    }
+    sub = args[idx];
+  } else {
+    auto it = vars.find(var_name);
+    if (it == vars.end()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << " Unknown variable: " << var_name << ".";
+    }
+    sub = it->second;
+  }
+
+  // By returning here in case of empty we also skip possible spaces inside
+  // the $...$, i.e. "void$ dllexpor$ f();" -> "void f();" in the empty case.
+  if (sub.empty()) return format;
+
+  // We're going to write something non-empty so we need a possible indent.
+  IndentIfAtStart();
+
+  // Write the possible spaces in front.
+  CopyToBuffer(start, start_var - start);
+  // Write a non-empty substituted variable.
+  CopyToBuffer(sub.c_str(), sub.size());
+  // Finish off with writing possible trailing spaces.
+  CopyToBuffer(end_var, end - end_var);
+  return format;
+}
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.h
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c00fa2947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Utility class for writing text to a ZeroCopyOutputStream.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_PRINTER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_PRINTER_H__
+
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+class ZeroCopyOutputStream;  // zero_copy_stream.h
+
+// Records annotations about a Printer's output.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT AnnotationCollector {
+ public:
+  // Annotation is a offset range and a payload pair.
+  typedef std::pair<std::pair<size_t, size_t>, std::string> Annotation;
+
+  // Records that the bytes in file_path beginning with begin_offset and ending
+  // before end_offset are associated with the SourceCodeInfo-style path.
+  virtual void AddAnnotation(size_t begin_offset, size_t end_offset,
+                             const std::string& file_path,
+                             const std::vector<int>& path) = 0;
+
+  // TODO(gerbens) I don't see why we need virtuals here. Just a vector of
+  // range, payload pairs stored in a context should suffice.
+  virtual void AddAnnotationNew(Annotation& a) {}
+
+  virtual ~AnnotationCollector() {}
+};
+
+// Records annotations about a Printer's output to the given protocol buffer,
+// assuming that the buffer has an ::Annotation message exposing path,
+// source_file, begin and end fields.
+template <typename AnnotationProto>
+class AnnotationProtoCollector : public AnnotationCollector {
+ public:
+  // annotation_proto is the protocol buffer to which new Annotations should be
+  // added. It is not owned by the AnnotationProtoCollector.
+  explicit AnnotationProtoCollector(AnnotationProto* annotation_proto)
+      : annotation_proto_(annotation_proto) {}
+
+  // Override for AnnotationCollector::AddAnnotation.
+  virtual void AddAnnotation(size_t begin_offset, size_t end_offset,
+                             const std::string& file_path,
+                             const std::vector<int>& path) {
+    typename AnnotationProto::Annotation* annotation =
+        annotation_proto_->add_annotation();
+    for (int i = 0; i < path.size(); ++i) {
+      annotation->add_path(path[i]);
+    }
+    annotation->set_source_file(file_path);
+    annotation->set_begin(begin_offset);
+    annotation->set_end(end_offset);
+  }
+  // Override for AnnotationCollector::AddAnnotation.
+  virtual void AddAnnotationNew(Annotation& a) {
+    auto* annotation = annotation_proto_->add_annotation();
+    annotation->ParseFromString(a.second);
+    annotation->set_begin(a.first.first);
+    annotation->set_end(a.first.second);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // The protocol buffer to which new annotations should be added.
+  AnnotationProto* const annotation_proto_;
+};
+
+// This simple utility class assists in code generation.  It basically
+// allows the caller to define a set of variables and then output some
+// text with variable substitutions.  Example usage:
+//
+//   Printer printer(output, '$');
+//   map<string, string> vars;
+//   vars["name"] = "Bob";
+//   printer.Print(vars, "My name is $name$.");
+//
+// The above writes "My name is Bob." to the output stream.
+//
+// Printer aggressively enforces correct usage, crashing (with assert failures)
+// in the case of undefined variables in debug builds. This helps greatly in
+// debugging code which uses it.
+//
+// If a Printer is constructed with an AnnotationCollector, it will provide it
+// with annotations that connect the Printer's output to paths that can identify
+// various descriptors.  In the above example, if person_ is a descriptor that
+// identifies Bob, we can associate the output string "My name is Bob." with
+// a source path pointing to that descriptor with:
+//
+//   printer.Annotate("name", person_);
+//
+// The AnnotationCollector will be sent an annotation linking the output range
+// covering "Bob" to the logical path provided by person_.  Tools may use
+// this association to (for example) link "Bob" in the output back to the
+// source file that defined the person_ descriptor identifying Bob.
+//
+// Annotate can only examine variables substituted during the last call to
+// Print.  It is invalid to refer to a variable that was used multiple times
+// in a single Print call.
+//
+// In full generality, one may specify a range of output text using a beginning
+// substitution variable and an ending variable.  The resulting annotation will
+// span from the first character of the substituted value for the beginning
+// variable to the last character of the substituted value for the ending
+// variable.  For example, the Annotate call above is equivalent to this one:
+//
+//   printer.Annotate("name", "name", person_);
+//
+// This is useful if multiple variables combine to form a single span of output
+// that should be annotated with the same source path.  For example:
+//
+//   Printer printer(output, '$');
+//   map<string, string> vars;
+//   vars["first"] = "Alice";
+//   vars["last"] = "Smith";
+//   printer.Print(vars, "My name is $first$ $last$.");
+//   printer.Annotate("first", "last", person_);
+//
+// This code would associate the span covering "Alice Smith" in the output with
+// the person_ descriptor.
+//
+// Note that the beginning variable must come before (or overlap with, in the
+// case of zero-sized substitution values) the ending variable.
+//
+// It is also sometimes useful to use variables with zero-sized values as
+// markers.  This avoids issues with multiple references to the same variable
+// and also allows annotation ranges to span literal text from the Print
+// templates:
+//
+//   Printer printer(output, '$');
+//   map<string, string> vars;
+//   vars["foo"] = "bar";
+//   vars["function"] = "call";
+//   vars["mark"] = "";
+//   printer.Print(vars, "$function$($foo$,$foo$)$mark$");
+//   printer.Annotate("function", "mark", call_);
+//
+// This code associates the span covering "call(bar,bar)" in the output with the
+// call_ descriptor.
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Printer {
+ public:
+  // Create a printer that writes text to the given output stream.  Use the
+  // given character as the delimiter for variables.
+  Printer(ZeroCopyOutputStream* output, char variable_delimiter);
+
+  // Create a printer that writes text to the given output stream.  Use the
+  // given character as the delimiter for variables.  If annotation_collector
+  // is not null, Printer will provide it with annotations about code written
+  // to the stream.  annotation_collector is not owned by Printer.
+  Printer(ZeroCopyOutputStream* output, char variable_delimiter,
+          AnnotationCollector* annotation_collector);
+
+  ~Printer();
+
+  // Link a subsitution variable emitted by the last call to Print to the object
+  // described by descriptor.
+  template <typename SomeDescriptor>
+  void Annotate(const char* varname, const SomeDescriptor* descriptor) {
+    Annotate(varname, varname, descriptor);
+  }
+
+  // Link the output range defined by the substitution variables as emitted by
+  // the last call to Print to the object described by descriptor. The range
+  // begins at begin_varname's value and ends after the last character of the
+  // value substituted for end_varname.
+  template <typename SomeDescriptor>
+  void Annotate(const char* begin_varname, const char* end_varname,
+                const SomeDescriptor* descriptor) {
+    if (annotation_collector_ == NULL) {
+      // Annotations aren't turned on for this Printer, so don't pay the cost
+      // of building the location path.
+      return;
+    }
+    std::vector<int> path;
+    descriptor->GetLocationPath(&path);
+    Annotate(begin_varname, end_varname, descriptor->file()->name(), path);
+  }
+
+  // Link a subsitution variable emitted by the last call to Print to the file
+  // with path file_name.
+  void Annotate(const char* varname, const std::string& file_name) {
+    Annotate(varname, varname, file_name);
+  }
+
+  // Link the output range defined by the substitution variables as emitted by
+  // the last call to Print to the file with path file_name. The range begins
+  // at begin_varname's value and ends after the last character of the value
+  // substituted for end_varname.
+  void Annotate(const char* begin_varname, const char* end_varname,
+                const std::string& file_name) {
+    if (annotation_collector_ == NULL) {
+      // Annotations aren't turned on for this Printer.
+      return;
+    }
+    std::vector<int> empty_path;
+    Annotate(begin_varname, end_varname, file_name, empty_path);
+  }
+
+  // Print some text after applying variable substitutions.  If a particular
+  // variable in the text is not defined, this will crash.  Variables to be
+  // substituted are identified by their names surrounded by delimiter
+  // characters (as given to the constructor).  The variable bindings are
+  // defined by the given map.
+  void Print(const std::map<std::string, std::string>& variables,
+             const char* text);
+
+  // Like the first Print(), except the substitutions are given as parameters.
+  template <typename... Args>
+  void Print(const char* text, const Args&... args) {
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    PrintInternal(&vars, text, args...);
+  }
+
+  // Indent text by two spaces.  After calling Indent(), two spaces will be
+  // inserted at the beginning of each line of text.  Indent() may be called
+  // multiple times to produce deeper indents.
+  void Indent();
+
+  // Reduces the current indent level by two spaces, or crashes if the indent
+  // level is zero.
+  void Outdent();
+
+  // Write a string to the output buffer.
+  // This method does not look for newlines to add indentation.
+  void PrintRaw(const std::string& data);
+
+  // Write a zero-delimited string to output buffer.
+  // This method does not look for newlines to add indentation.
+  void PrintRaw(const char* data);
+
+  // Write some bytes to the output buffer.
+  // This method does not look for newlines to add indentation.
+  void WriteRaw(const char* data, int size);
+
+  // FormatInternal is a helper function not meant to use directly, use
+  // compiler::cpp::Formatter instead. This function is meant to support
+  // formatting text using named variables (eq. "$foo$) from a lookup map (vars)
+  // and variables directly supplied by arguments (eq "$1$" meaning first
+  // argument which is the zero index element of args).
+  void FormatInternal(const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                      const std::map<std::string, std::string>& vars,
+                      const char* format);
+
+  // True if any write to the underlying stream failed.  (We don't just
+  // crash in this case because this is an I/O failure, not a programming
+  // error.)
+  bool failed() const { return failed_; }
+
+ private:
+  // Link the output range defined by the substitution variables as emitted by
+  // the last call to Print to the object found at the SourceCodeInfo-style path
+  // in a file with path file_path. The range begins at the start of
+  // begin_varname's value and ends after the last character of the value
+  // substituted for end_varname. Note that begin_varname and end_varname
+  // may refer to the same variable.
+  void Annotate(const char* begin_varname, const char* end_varname,
+                const std::string& file_path, const std::vector<int>& path);
+
+  // Base case
+  void PrintInternal(std::map<std::string, std::string>* vars,
+                     const char* text) {
+    Print(*vars, text);
+  }
+
+  template <typename... Args>
+  void PrintInternal(std::map<std::string, std::string>* vars, const char* text,
+                     const char* key, const std::string& value,
+                     const Args&... args) {
+    (*vars)[key] = value;
+    PrintInternal(vars, text, args...);
+  }
+
+  // Copy size worth of bytes from data to buffer_.
+  void CopyToBuffer(const char* data, int size);
+
+  void push_back(char c) {
+    if (failed_) return;
+    if (buffer_size_ == 0) {
+      if (!Next()) return;
+    }
+    *buffer_++ = c;
+    buffer_size_--;
+    offset_++;
+  }
+
+  bool Next();
+
+  inline void IndentIfAtStart();
+  const char* WriteVariable(
+      const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+      const std::map<std::string, std::string>& vars, const char* format,
+      int* arg_index,
+      std::vector<AnnotationCollector::Annotation>* annotations);
+
+  const char variable_delimiter_;
+
+  ZeroCopyOutputStream* const output_;
+  char* buffer_;
+  int buffer_size_;
+  // The current position, in bytes, in the output stream.  This is equivalent
+  // to the total number of bytes that have been written so far.  This value is
+  // used to calculate annotation ranges in the substitutions_ map below.
+  size_t offset_;
+
+  std::string indent_;
+  bool at_start_of_line_;
+  bool failed_;
+
+  // A map from variable name to [start, end) offsets in the output buffer.
+  // These refer to the offsets used for a variable after the last call to
+  // Print.  If a variable was used more than once, the entry used in
+  // this map is set to a negative-length span.  For singly-used variables, the
+  // start offset is the beginning of the substitution; the end offset is the
+  // last byte of the substitution plus one (such that (end - start) is the
+  // length of the substituted string).
+  std::map<std::string, std::pair<size_t, size_t> > substitutions_;
+
+  // Keeps track of the keys in substitutions_ that need to be updated when
+  // indents are inserted. These are keys that refer to the beginning of the
+  // current line.
+  std::vector<std::string> line_start_variables_;
+
+  // Returns true and sets range to the substitution range in the output for
+  // varname if varname was used once in the last call to Print. If varname
+  // was not used, or if it was used multiple times, returns false (and
+  // fails a debug assertion).
+  bool GetSubstitutionRange(const char* varname,
+                            std::pair<size_t, size_t>* range);
+
+  // If non-null, annotation_collector_ is used to store annotations about
+  // generated code.
+  AnnotationCollector* const annotation_collector_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Printer);
+};
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_PRINTER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/printer_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/printer_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca45d6781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/printer_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,735 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+// Each test repeats over several block sizes in order to test both cases
+// where particular writes cross a buffer boundary and cases where they do
+// not.
+
+TEST(Printer, EmptyPrinter) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+  const int block_size = 100;
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(buffer), block_size);
+  Printer printer(&output, '\0');
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!printer.failed());
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, BasicPrinting) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+
+  for (int block_size = 1; block_size < 512; block_size *= 2) {
+    ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer), block_size);
+
+    {
+      Printer printer(&output, '\0');
+
+      printer.Print("Hello World!");
+      printer.Print("  This is the same line.\n");
+      printer.Print("But this is a new one.\nAnd this is another one.");
+
+      EXPECT_FALSE(printer.failed());
+    }
+
+    buffer[output.ByteCount()] = '\0';
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ(
+        "Hello World!  This is the same line.\n"
+        "But this is a new one.\n"
+        "And this is another one.",
+        buffer);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, WriteRaw) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+
+  for (int block_size = 1; block_size < 512; block_size *= 2) {
+    ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer), block_size);
+
+    {
+      std::string string_obj = "From an object\n";
+      Printer printer(&output, '$');
+      printer.WriteRaw("Hello World!", 12);
+      printer.PrintRaw("  This is the same line.\n");
+      printer.PrintRaw("But this is a new one.\nAnd this is another one.");
+      printer.WriteRaw("\n", 1);
+      printer.PrintRaw(string_obj);
+      EXPECT_FALSE(printer.failed());
+    }
+
+    buffer[output.ByteCount()] = '\0';
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ(
+        "Hello World!  This is the same line.\n"
+        "But this is a new one.\n"
+        "And this is another one."
+        "\n"
+        "From an object\n",
+        buffer);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, VariableSubstitution) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+
+  for (int block_size = 1; block_size < 512; block_size *= 2) {
+    ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer), block_size);
+
+    {
+      Printer printer(&output, '$');
+      std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+
+      vars["foo"] = "World";
+      vars["bar"] = "$foo$";
+      vars["abcdefg"] = "1234";
+
+      printer.Print(vars, "Hello $foo$!\nbar = $bar$\n");
+      printer.PrintRaw("RawBit\n");
+      printer.Print(vars, "$abcdefg$\nA literal dollar sign:  $$");
+
+      vars["foo"] = "blah";
+      printer.Print(vars, "\nNow foo = $foo$.");
+
+      EXPECT_FALSE(printer.failed());
+    }
+
+    buffer[output.ByteCount()] = '\0';
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ(
+        "Hello World!\n"
+        "bar = $foo$\n"
+        "RawBit\n"
+        "1234\n"
+        "A literal dollar sign:  $\n"
+        "Now foo = blah.",
+        buffer);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, InlineVariableSubstitution) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+
+  {
+    Printer printer(&output, '$');
+    printer.Print("Hello $foo$!\n", "foo", "World");
+    printer.PrintRaw("RawBit\n");
+    printer.Print("$foo$ $bar$\n", "foo", "one", "bar", "two");
+    EXPECT_FALSE(printer.failed());
+  }
+
+  buffer[output.ByteCount()] = '\0';
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      "Hello World!\n"
+      "RawBit\n"
+      "one two\n",
+      buffer);
+}
+
+// MockDescriptorFile defines only those members that Printer uses to write out
+// annotations.
+class MockDescriptorFile {
+ public:
+  explicit MockDescriptorFile(const std::string& file) : file_(file) {}
+
+  // The mock filename for this file.
+  const std::string& name() const { return file_; }
+
+ private:
+  std::string file_;
+};
+
+// MockDescriptor defines only those members that Printer uses to write out
+// annotations.
+class MockDescriptor {
+ public:
+  MockDescriptor(const std::string& file, const std::vector<int>& path)
+      : file_(file), path_(path) {}
+
+  // The mock file in which this descriptor was defined.
+  const MockDescriptorFile* file() const { return &file_; }
+
+ private:
+  // Allows access to GetLocationPath.
+  friend class Printer;
+
+  // Copies the pre-stored path to output.
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const { *output = path_; }
+
+  MockDescriptorFile file_;
+  std::vector<int> path_;
+};
+
+TEST(Printer, AnnotateMap) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+  GeneratedCodeInfo info;
+  AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> info_collector(&info);
+  {
+    Printer printer(&output, '$', &info_collector);
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+    vars["foo"] = "3";
+    vars["bar"] = "5";
+    printer.Print(vars, "012$foo$4$bar$\n");
+    std::vector<int> path_1;
+    path_1.push_back(33);
+    std::vector<int> path_2;
+    path_2.push_back(11);
+    path_2.push_back(22);
+    MockDescriptor descriptor_1("path_1", path_1);
+    MockDescriptor descriptor_2("path_2", path_2);
+    printer.Annotate("foo", "foo", &descriptor_1);
+    printer.Annotate("bar", "bar", &descriptor_2);
+  }
+  buffer[output.ByteCount()] = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ("012345\n", buffer);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, info.annotation_size());
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* foo = info.annotation(0).path_size() == 1
+                                                 ? &info.annotation(0)
+                                                 : &info.annotation(1);
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* bar = info.annotation(0).path_size() == 1
+                                                 ? &info.annotation(1)
+                                                 : &info.annotation(0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, foo->path_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, bar->path_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(33, foo->path(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, bar->path(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(22, bar->path(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("path_1", foo->source_file());
+  EXPECT_EQ("path_2", bar->source_file());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, foo->begin());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, foo->end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, bar->begin());
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, bar->end());
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, AnnotateInline) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+  GeneratedCodeInfo info;
+  AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> info_collector(&info);
+  {
+    Printer printer(&output, '$', &info_collector);
+    printer.Print("012$foo$4$bar$\n", "foo", "3", "bar", "5");
+    std::vector<int> path_1;
+    path_1.push_back(33);
+    std::vector<int> path_2;
+    path_2.push_back(11);
+    path_2.push_back(22);
+    MockDescriptor descriptor_1("path_1", path_1);
+    MockDescriptor descriptor_2("path_2", path_2);
+    printer.Annotate("foo", "foo", &descriptor_1);
+    printer.Annotate("bar", "bar", &descriptor_2);
+  }
+  buffer[output.ByteCount()] = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ("012345\n", buffer);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, info.annotation_size());
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* foo = info.annotation(0).path_size() == 1
+                                                 ? &info.annotation(0)
+                                                 : &info.annotation(1);
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* bar = info.annotation(0).path_size() == 1
+                                                 ? &info.annotation(1)
+                                                 : &info.annotation(0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, foo->path_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, bar->path_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(33, foo->path(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, bar->path(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(22, bar->path(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("path_1", foo->source_file());
+  EXPECT_EQ("path_2", bar->source_file());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, foo->begin());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, foo->end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, bar->begin());
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, bar->end());
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, AnnotateRange) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+  GeneratedCodeInfo info;
+  AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> info_collector(&info);
+  {
+    Printer printer(&output, '$', &info_collector);
+    printer.Print("012$foo$4$bar$\n", "foo", "3", "bar", "5");
+    std::vector<int> path;
+    path.push_back(33);
+    MockDescriptor descriptor("path", path);
+    printer.Annotate("foo", "bar", &descriptor);
+  }
+  buffer[output.ByteCount()] = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ("012345\n", buffer);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, info.annotation_size());
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* foobar = &info.annotation(0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, foobar->path_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(33, foobar->path(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("path", foobar->source_file());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, foobar->begin());
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, foobar->end());
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, AnnotateEmptyRange) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+  GeneratedCodeInfo info;
+  AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> info_collector(&info);
+  {
+    Printer printer(&output, '$', &info_collector);
+    printer.Print("012$foo$4$baz$$bam$$bar$\n", "foo", "3", "bar", "5", "baz",
+                  "", "bam", "");
+    std::vector<int> path;
+    path.push_back(33);
+    MockDescriptor descriptor("path", path);
+    printer.Annotate("baz", "bam", &descriptor);
+  }
+  buffer[output.ByteCount()] = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ("012345\n", buffer);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, info.annotation_size());
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* bazbam = &info.annotation(0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, bazbam->path_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(33, bazbam->path(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("path", bazbam->source_file());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, bazbam->begin());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, bazbam->end());
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, AnnotateDespiteUnrelatedMultipleUses) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+  GeneratedCodeInfo info;
+  AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> info_collector(&info);
+  {
+    Printer printer(&output, '$', &info_collector);
+    printer.Print("012$foo$4$foo$$bar$\n", "foo", "3", "bar", "5");
+    std::vector<int> path;
+    path.push_back(33);
+    MockDescriptor descriptor("path", path);
+    printer.Annotate("bar", "bar", &descriptor);
+  }
+  buffer[output.ByteCount()] = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ("0123435\n", buffer);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, info.annotation_size());
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* bar = &info.annotation(0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, bar->path_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(33, bar->path(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("path", bar->source_file());
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, bar->begin());
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, bar->end());
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, AnnotateIndent) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+  GeneratedCodeInfo info;
+  AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> info_collector(&info);
+  {
+    Printer printer(&output, '$', &info_collector);
+    printer.Print("0\n");
+    printer.Indent();
+    printer.Print("$foo$", "foo", "4");
+    std::vector<int> path;
+    path.push_back(44);
+    MockDescriptor descriptor("path", path);
+    printer.Annotate("foo", &descriptor);
+    printer.Print(",\n");
+    printer.Print("$bar$", "bar", "9");
+    path[0] = 99;
+    MockDescriptor descriptor_two("path", path);
+    printer.Annotate("bar", &descriptor_two);
+    printer.Print("\n${$$D$$}$\n", "{", "", "}", "", "D", "d");
+    path[0] = 1313;
+    MockDescriptor descriptor_three("path", path);
+    printer.Annotate("{", "}", &descriptor_three);
+    printer.Outdent();
+    printer.Print("\n");
+  }
+  buffer[output.ByteCount()] = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ("0\n  4,\n  9\n  d\n\n", buffer);
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, info.annotation_size());
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* foo = &info.annotation(0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, foo->path_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(44, foo->path(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("path", foo->source_file());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, foo->begin());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, foo->end());
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* bar = &info.annotation(1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, bar->path_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(99, bar->path(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("path", bar->source_file());
+  EXPECT_EQ(9, bar->begin());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, bar->end());
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* braces = &info.annotation(2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, braces->path_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1313, braces->path(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("path", braces->source_file());
+  EXPECT_EQ(13, braces->begin());
+  EXPECT_EQ(14, braces->end());
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, AnnotateIndentNewline) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+  GeneratedCodeInfo info;
+  AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> info_collector(&info);
+  {
+    Printer printer(&output, '$', &info_collector);
+    printer.Indent();
+    printer.Print("$A$$N$$B$C\n", "A", "", "N", "\nz", "B", "");
+    std::vector<int> path;
+    path.push_back(0);
+    MockDescriptor descriptor("path", path);
+    printer.Annotate("A", "B", &descriptor);
+    printer.Outdent();
+    printer.Print("\n");
+  }
+  buffer[output.ByteCount()] = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ("\nz  C\n\n", buffer);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, info.annotation_size());
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* ab = &info.annotation(0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, ab->path_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, ab->path(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("path", ab->source_file());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, ab->begin());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, ab->end());
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, Indenting) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+
+  for (int block_size = 1; block_size < 512; block_size *= 2) {
+    ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer), block_size);
+
+    {
+      Printer printer(&output, '$');
+      std::map<std::string, std::string> vars;
+
+      vars["newline"] = "\n";
+
+      printer.Print("This is not indented.\n");
+      printer.Indent();
+      printer.Print("This is indented\nAnd so is this\n");
+      printer.Outdent();
+      printer.Print("But this is not.");
+      printer.Indent();
+      printer.Print(
+          "  And this is still the same line.\n"
+          "But this is indented.\n");
+      printer.PrintRaw("RawBit has indent at start\n");
+      printer.PrintRaw("but not after a raw newline\n");
+      printer.Print(vars,
+                    "Note that a newline in a variable will break "
+                    "indenting, as we see$newline$here.\n");
+      printer.Indent();
+      printer.Print("And this");
+      printer.Outdent();
+      printer.Outdent();
+      printer.Print(" is double-indented\nBack to normal.");
+
+      EXPECT_FALSE(printer.failed());
+    }
+
+    buffer[output.ByteCount()] = '\0';
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ(
+        "This is not indented.\n"
+        "  This is indented\n"
+        "  And so is this\n"
+        "But this is not.  And this is still the same line.\n"
+        "  But this is indented.\n"
+        "  RawBit has indent at start\n"
+        "but not after a raw newline\n"
+        "Note that a newline in a variable will break indenting, as we see\n"
+        "here.\n"
+        "    And this is double-indented\n"
+        "Back to normal.",
+        buffer);
+  }
+}
+
+// Death tests do not work on Windows as of yet.
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+TEST(Printer, Death) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+  Printer printer(&output, '$');
+
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(printer.Print("$nosuchvar$"), "Undefined variable");
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(printer.Print("$unclosed"), "Unclosed variable name");
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(printer.Outdent(), "without matching Indent");
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, AnnotateMultipleUsesDeath) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+  GeneratedCodeInfo info;
+  AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> info_collector(&info);
+  {
+    Printer printer(&output, '$', &info_collector);
+    printer.Print("012$foo$4$foo$\n", "foo", "3");
+    std::vector<int> path;
+    path.push_back(33);
+    MockDescriptor descriptor("path", path);
+    EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(printer.Annotate("foo", "foo", &descriptor), "multiple");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, AnnotateNegativeLengthDeath) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+  GeneratedCodeInfo info;
+  AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> info_collector(&info);
+  {
+    Printer printer(&output, '$', &info_collector);
+    printer.Print("012$foo$4$bar$\n", "foo", "3", "bar", "5");
+    std::vector<int> path;
+    path.push_back(33);
+    MockDescriptor descriptor("path", path);
+    EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(printer.Annotate("bar", "foo", &descriptor), "negative");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, AnnotateUndefinedDeath) {
+  char buffer[8192];
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+  GeneratedCodeInfo info;
+  AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> info_collector(&info);
+  {
+    Printer printer(&output, '$', &info_collector);
+    printer.Print("012$foo$4$foo$\n", "foo", "3");
+    std::vector<int> path;
+    path.push_back(33);
+    MockDescriptor descriptor("path", path);
+    EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(printer.Annotate("bar", "bar", &descriptor),
+                       "Undefined");
+  }
+}
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+TEST(Printer, WriteFailurePartial) {
+  char buffer[17];
+
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+  Printer printer(&output, '$');
+
+  // Print 16 bytes to almost fill the buffer (should not fail).
+  printer.Print("0123456789abcdef");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(printer.failed());
+
+  // Try to print 2 chars. Only one fits.
+  printer.Print("<>");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.failed());
+
+  // Anything else should fail too.
+  printer.Print(" ");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.failed());
+  printer.Print("blah");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.failed());
+
+  // Buffer should contain the first 17 bytes written.
+  EXPECT_EQ("0123456789abcdef<", string(buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, WriteFailureExact) {
+  char buffer[16];
+
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+  Printer printer(&output, '$');
+
+  // Print 16 bytes to fill the buffer exactly (should not fail).
+  printer.Print("0123456789abcdef");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(printer.failed());
+
+  // Try to print one more byte (should fail).
+  printer.Print(" ");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.failed());
+
+  // Should not crash
+  printer.Print("blah");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.failed());
+
+  // Buffer should contain the first 16 bytes written.
+  EXPECT_EQ("0123456789abcdef", string(buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+}
+
+TEST(Printer, FormatInternal) {
+  std::vector<std::string> args{"arg1", "arg2"};
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> vars{
+      {"foo", "bar"}, {"baz", "bla"}, {"empty", ""}};
+  // Substitution tests
+  {
+    // Direct arg substitution
+    std::string s;
+    {
+      StringOutputStream output(&s);
+      Printer printer(&output, '$');
+      printer.FormatInternal(args, vars, "$1$ $2$");
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ("arg1 arg2", s);
+  }
+  {
+    // Variable substitution including spaces left
+    std::string s;
+    {
+      StringOutputStream output(&s);
+      Printer printer(&output, '$');
+      printer.FormatInternal({}, vars, "$foo$$ baz$$ empty$");
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ("bar bla", s);
+  }
+  {
+    // Variable substitution including spaces right
+    std::string s;
+    {
+      StringOutputStream output(&s);
+      Printer printer(&output, '$');
+      printer.FormatInternal({}, vars, "$empty $$foo $$baz$");
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ("bar bla", s);
+  }
+  {
+    // Mixed variable substitution
+    std::string s;
+    {
+      StringOutputStream output(&s);
+      Printer printer(&output, '$');
+      printer.FormatInternal(args, vars, "$empty $$1$ $foo $$2$ $baz$");
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ("arg1 bar arg2 bla", s);
+  }
+
+  // Indentation tests
+  {
+    // Empty lines shouldn't indent.
+    std::string s;
+    {
+      StringOutputStream output(&s);
+      Printer printer(&output, '$');
+      printer.Indent();
+      printer.FormatInternal(args, vars, "$empty $\n\n$1$ $foo $$2$\n$baz$");
+      printer.Outdent();
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ("\n\n  arg1 bar arg2\n  bla", s);
+  }
+  {
+    // Annotations should respect indentation.
+    std::string s;
+    GeneratedCodeInfo info;
+    {
+      StringOutputStream output(&s);
+      AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> info_collector(&info);
+      Printer printer(&output, '$', &info_collector);
+      printer.Indent();
+      GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation annotation;
+      annotation.set_source_file("file.proto");
+      annotation.add_path(33);
+      std::vector<std::string> args{annotation.SerializeAsString(), "arg1",
+                                    "arg2"};
+      printer.FormatInternal(args, vars, "$empty $\n\n${1$$2$$}$ $3$\n$baz$");
+      printer.Outdent();
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ("\n\n  arg1 arg2\n  bla", s);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, info.annotation_size());
+    const GeneratedCodeInfo::Annotation* arg1 = &info.annotation(0);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, arg1->path_size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(33, arg1->path(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ("file.proto", arg1->source_file());
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, arg1->begin());
+    EXPECT_EQ(8, arg1->end());
+  }
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+  // Death tests in case of illegal format strings.
+  {
+    // Unused arguments
+    std::string s;
+    StringOutputStream output(&s);
+    Printer printer(&output, '$');
+    EXPECT_DEATH(printer.FormatInternal(args, vars, "$empty $$1$"), "Unused");
+  }
+  {
+    // Wrong order arguments
+    std::string s;
+    StringOutputStream output(&s);
+    Printer printer(&output, '$');
+    EXPECT_DEATH(printer.FormatInternal(args, vars, "$2$ $1$"), "order");
+  }
+  {
+    // Zero is illegal argument
+    std::string s;
+    StringOutputStream output(&s);
+    Printer printer(&output, '$');
+    EXPECT_DEATH(printer.FormatInternal(args, vars, "$0$"), "failed");
+  }
+  {
+    // Argument out of bounds
+    std::string s;
+    StringOutputStream output(&s);
+    Printer printer(&output, '$');
+    EXPECT_DEATH(printer.FormatInternal(args, vars, "$1$ $2$ $3$"), "bounds");
+  }
+  {
+    // Unknown variable
+    std::string s;
+    StringOutputStream output(&s);
+    Printer printer(&output, '$');
+    EXPECT_DEATH(printer.FormatInternal(args, vars, "$huh$ $1$$2$"), "Unknown");
+  }
+  {
+    // Illegal variable
+    std::string s;
+    StringOutputStream output(&s);
+    Printer printer(&output, '$');
+    EXPECT_DEATH(printer.FormatInternal({}, vars, "$ $"), "Empty");
+  }
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+}
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/strtod.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/strtod.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03acb5b29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/strtod.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/strtod.h>
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+// This approximately 0x1.ffffffp127, but we don't use 0x1.ffffffp127 because
+// it won't compile in MSVC.
+const double MAX_FLOAT_AS_DOUBLE_ROUNDED = 3.4028235677973366e+38;
+
+float SafeDoubleToFloat(double value) {
+  // static_cast<float> on a number larger than float can result in illegal
+  // instruction error, so we need to manually convert it to infinity or max.
+  if (value > std::numeric_limits<float>::max()) {
+    // Max float value is about 3.4028234664E38 when represented as a double.
+    // However, when printing float as text, it will be rounded as
+    // 3.4028235e+38. If we parse the value of 3.4028235e+38 from text and
+    // compare it to 3.4028234664E38, we may think that it is larger, but
+    // actually, any number between these two numbers could only be represented
+    // as the same max float number in float, so we should treat them the same
+    // as max float.
+    if (value <= MAX_FLOAT_AS_DOUBLE_ROUNDED) {
+      return std::numeric_limits<float>::max();
+    }
+    return std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
+  } else if (value < -std::numeric_limits<float>::max()) {
+    if (value >= -MAX_FLOAT_AS_DOUBLE_ROUNDED) {
+      return -std::numeric_limits<float>::max();
+    }
+    return -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
+  } else {
+    return static_cast<float>(value);
+  }
+}
+
+double NoLocaleStrtod(const char* str, char** endptr) {
+  return google::protobuf::internal::NoLocaleStrtod(str, endptr);
+}
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/strtod.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/strtod.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38f544af3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/strtod.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A locale-independent version of strtod(), used to parse floating
+// point default values in .proto files, where the decimal separator
+// is always a dot.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_STRTOD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_STRTOD_H__
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+// A locale-independent version of the standard strtod(), which always
+// uses a dot as the decimal separator.
+double NoLocaleStrtod(const char* str, char** endptr);
+
+// Casts a double value to a float value. If the value is outside of the
+// representable range of float, it will be converted to positive or negative
+// infinity.
+float SafeDoubleToFloat(double value);
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_STRTOD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff839467c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1132 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Here we have a hand-written lexer.  At first you might ask yourself,
+// "Hand-written text processing?  Is Kenton crazy?!"  Well, first of all,
+// yes I am crazy, but that's beside the point.  There are actually reasons
+// why I ended up writing this this way.
+//
+// The traditional approach to lexing is to use lex to generate a lexer for
+// you.  Unfortunately, lex's output is ridiculously ugly and difficult to
+// integrate cleanly with C++ code, especially abstract code or code meant
+// as a library.  Better parser-generators exist but would add dependencies
+// which most users won't already have, which we'd like to avoid.  (GNU flex
+// has a C++ output option, but it's still ridiculously ugly, non-abstract,
+// and not library-friendly.)
+//
+// The next approach that any good software engineer should look at is to
+// use regular expressions.  And, indeed, I did.  I have code which
+// implements this same class using regular expressions.  It's about 200
+// lines shorter.  However:
+// - Rather than error messages telling you "This string has an invalid
+//   escape sequence at line 5, column 45", you get error messages like
+//   "Parse error on line 5".  Giving more precise errors requires adding
+//   a lot of code that ends up basically as complex as the hand-coded
+//   version anyway.
+// - The regular expression to match a string literal looks like this:
+//     kString  = new RE("(\"([^\"\\\\]|"              // non-escaped
+//                       "\\\\[abfnrtv?\"'\\\\0-7]|"   // normal escape
+//                       "\\\\x[0-9a-fA-F])*\"|"       // hex escape
+//                       "\'([^\'\\\\]|"        // Also support single-quotes.
+//                       "\\\\[abfnrtv?\"'\\\\0-7]|"
+//                       "\\\\x[0-9a-fA-F])*\')");
+//   Verifying the correctness of this line noise is actually harder than
+//   verifying the correctness of ConsumeString(), defined below.  I'm not
+//   even confident that the above is correct, after staring at it for some
+//   time.
+// - PCRE is fast, but there's still more overhead involved than the code
+//   below.
+// - Sadly, regular expressions are not part of the C standard library, so
+//   using them would require depending on some other library.  For the
+//   open source release, this could be really annoying.  Nobody likes
+//   downloading one piece of software just to find that they need to
+//   download something else to make it work, and in all likelihood
+//   people downloading Protocol Buffers will already be doing so just
+//   to make something else work.  We could include a copy of PCRE with
+//   our code, but that obligates us to keep it up-to-date and just seems
+//   like a big waste just to save 200 lines of code.
+//
+// On a similar but unrelated note, I'm even scared to use ctype.h.
+// Apparently functions like isalpha() are locale-dependent.  So, if we used
+// that, then if this code is being called from some program that doesn't
+// have its locale set to "C", it would behave strangely.  We can't just set
+// the locale to "C" ourselves since we might break the calling program that
+// way, particularly if it is multi-threaded.  WTF?  Someone please let me
+// (Kenton) know if I'm missing something here...
+//
+// I'd love to hear about other alternatives, though, as this code isn't
+// exactly pretty.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/strtod.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+namespace {
+
+// As mentioned above, I don't trust ctype.h due to the presence of "locales".
+// So, I have written replacement functions here.  Someone please smack me if
+// this is a bad idea or if there is some way around this.
+//
+// These "character classes" are designed to be used in template methods.
+// For instance, Tokenizer::ConsumeZeroOrMore<Whitespace>() will eat
+// whitespace.
+
+// Note:  No class is allowed to contain '\0', since this is used to mark end-
+//   of-input and is handled specially.
+
+#define CHARACTER_CLASS(NAME, EXPRESSION)                     \
+  class NAME {                                                \
+   public:                                                    \
+    static inline bool InClass(char c) { return EXPRESSION; } \
+  }
+
+CHARACTER_CLASS(Whitespace, c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' ||
+                                c == '\v' || c == '\f');
+CHARACTER_CLASS(WhitespaceNoNewline,
+                c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\v' || c == '\f');
+
+CHARACTER_CLASS(Unprintable, c<' ' && c> '\0');
+
+CHARACTER_CLASS(Digit, '0' <= c && c <= '9');
+CHARACTER_CLASS(OctalDigit, '0' <= c && c <= '7');
+CHARACTER_CLASS(HexDigit, ('0' <= c && c <= '9') || ('a' <= c && c <= 'f') ||
+                              ('A' <= c && c <= 'F'));
+
+CHARACTER_CLASS(Letter,
+                ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || (c == '_'));
+
+CHARACTER_CLASS(Alphanumeric, ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') ||
+                                  ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') ||
+                                  ('0' <= c && c <= '9') || (c == '_'));
+
+CHARACTER_CLASS(Escape, c == 'a' || c == 'b' || c == 'f' || c == 'n' ||
+                            c == 'r' || c == 't' || c == 'v' || c == '\\' ||
+                            c == '?' || c == '\'' || c == '\"');
+
+#undef CHARACTER_CLASS
+
+// Given a char, interpret it as a numeric digit and return its value.
+// This supports any number base up to 36.
+inline int DigitValue(char digit) {
+  if ('0' <= digit && digit <= '9') return digit - '0';
+  if ('a' <= digit && digit <= 'z') return digit - 'a' + 10;
+  if ('A' <= digit && digit <= 'Z') return digit - 'A' + 10;
+  return -1;
+}
+
+// Inline because it's only used in one place.
+inline char TranslateEscape(char c) {
+  switch (c) {
+    case 'a':
+      return '\a';
+    case 'b':
+      return '\b';
+    case 'f':
+      return '\f';
+    case 'n':
+      return '\n';
+    case 'r':
+      return '\r';
+    case 't':
+      return '\t';
+    case 'v':
+      return '\v';
+    case '\\':
+      return '\\';
+    case '?':
+      return '\?';  // Trigraphs = :(
+    case '\'':
+      return '\'';
+    case '"':
+      return '\"';
+
+    // We expect escape sequences to have been validated separately.
+    default:
+      return '?';
+  }
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+ErrorCollector::~ErrorCollector() {}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+Tokenizer::Tokenizer(ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                     ErrorCollector* error_collector)
+    : input_(input),
+      error_collector_(error_collector),
+      buffer_(NULL),
+      buffer_size_(0),
+      buffer_pos_(0),
+      read_error_(false),
+      line_(0),
+      column_(0),
+      record_target_(NULL),
+      record_start_(-1),
+      allow_f_after_float_(false),
+      comment_style_(CPP_COMMENT_STYLE),
+      require_space_after_number_(true),
+      allow_multiline_strings_(false) {
+  current_.line = 0;
+  current_.column = 0;
+  current_.end_column = 0;
+  current_.type = TYPE_START;
+
+  Refresh();
+}
+
+Tokenizer::~Tokenizer() {
+  // If we had any buffer left unread, return it to the underlying stream
+  // so that someone else can read it.
+  if (buffer_size_ > buffer_pos_) {
+    input_->BackUp(buffer_size_ - buffer_pos_);
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Internal helpers.
+
+void Tokenizer::NextChar() {
+  // Update our line and column counters based on the character being
+  // consumed.
+  if (current_char_ == '\n') {
+    ++line_;
+    column_ = 0;
+  } else if (current_char_ == '\t') {
+    column_ += kTabWidth - column_ % kTabWidth;
+  } else {
+    ++column_;
+  }
+
+  // Advance to the next character.
+  ++buffer_pos_;
+  if (buffer_pos_ < buffer_size_) {
+    current_char_ = buffer_[buffer_pos_];
+  } else {
+    Refresh();
+  }
+}
+
+void Tokenizer::Refresh() {
+  if (read_error_) {
+    current_char_ = '\0';
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // If we're in a token, append the rest of the buffer to it.
+  if (record_target_ != NULL && record_start_ < buffer_size_) {
+    record_target_->append(buffer_ + record_start_,
+                           buffer_size_ - record_start_);
+    record_start_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  const void* data = NULL;
+  buffer_ = NULL;
+  buffer_pos_ = 0;
+  do {
+    if (!input_->Next(&data, &buffer_size_)) {
+      // end of stream (or read error)
+      buffer_size_ = 0;
+      read_error_ = true;
+      current_char_ = '\0';
+      return;
+    }
+  } while (buffer_size_ == 0);
+
+  buffer_ = static_cast<const char*>(data);
+
+  current_char_ = buffer_[0];
+}
+
+inline void Tokenizer::RecordTo(std::string* target) {
+  record_target_ = target;
+  record_start_ = buffer_pos_;
+}
+
+inline void Tokenizer::StopRecording() {
+  // Note:  The if() is necessary because some STL implementations crash when
+  //   you call string::append(NULL, 0), presumably because they are trying to
+  //   be helpful by detecting the NULL pointer, even though there's nothing
+  //   wrong with reading zero bytes from NULL.
+  if (buffer_pos_ != record_start_) {
+    record_target_->append(buffer_ + record_start_,
+                           buffer_pos_ - record_start_);
+  }
+  record_target_ = NULL;
+  record_start_ = -1;
+}
+
+inline void Tokenizer::StartToken() {
+  current_.type = TYPE_START;  // Just for the sake of initializing it.
+  current_.text.clear();
+  current_.line = line_;
+  current_.column = column_;
+  RecordTo(&current_.text);
+}
+
+inline void Tokenizer::EndToken() {
+  StopRecording();
+  current_.end_column = column_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Helper methods that consume characters.
+
+template <typename CharacterClass>
+inline bool Tokenizer::LookingAt() {
+  return CharacterClass::InClass(current_char_);
+}
+
+template <typename CharacterClass>
+inline bool Tokenizer::TryConsumeOne() {
+  if (CharacterClass::InClass(current_char_)) {
+    NextChar();
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+inline bool Tokenizer::TryConsume(char c) {
+  if (current_char_ == c) {
+    NextChar();
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename CharacterClass>
+inline void Tokenizer::ConsumeZeroOrMore() {
+  while (CharacterClass::InClass(current_char_)) {
+    NextChar();
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename CharacterClass>
+inline void Tokenizer::ConsumeOneOrMore(const char* error) {
+  if (!CharacterClass::InClass(current_char_)) {
+    AddError(error);
+  } else {
+    do {
+      NextChar();
+    } while (CharacterClass::InClass(current_char_));
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Methods that read whole patterns matching certain kinds of tokens
+// or comments.
+
+void Tokenizer::ConsumeString(char delimiter) {
+  while (true) {
+    switch (current_char_) {
+      case '\0':
+        AddError("Unexpected end of string.");
+        return;
+
+      case '\n': {
+        if (!allow_multiline_strings_) {
+          AddError("String literals cannot cross line boundaries.");
+          return;
+        }
+        NextChar();
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case '\\': {
+        // An escape sequence.
+        NextChar();
+        if (TryConsumeOne<Escape>()) {
+          // Valid escape sequence.
+        } else if (TryConsumeOne<OctalDigit>()) {
+          // Possibly followed by two more octal digits, but these will
+          // just be consumed by the main loop anyway so we don't need
+          // to do so explicitly here.
+        } else if (TryConsume('x')) {
+          if (!TryConsumeOne<HexDigit>()) {
+            AddError("Expected hex digits for escape sequence.");
+          }
+          // Possibly followed by another hex digit, but again we don't care.
+        } else if (TryConsume('u')) {
+          if (!TryConsumeOne<HexDigit>() || !TryConsumeOne<HexDigit>() ||
+              !TryConsumeOne<HexDigit>() || !TryConsumeOne<HexDigit>()) {
+            AddError("Expected four hex digits for \\u escape sequence.");
+          }
+        } else if (TryConsume('U')) {
+          // We expect 8 hex digits; but only the range up to 0x10ffff is
+          // legal.
+          if (!TryConsume('0') || !TryConsume('0') ||
+              !(TryConsume('0') || TryConsume('1')) ||
+              !TryConsumeOne<HexDigit>() || !TryConsumeOne<HexDigit>() ||
+              !TryConsumeOne<HexDigit>() || !TryConsumeOne<HexDigit>() ||
+              !TryConsumeOne<HexDigit>()) {
+            AddError(
+                "Expected eight hex digits up to 10ffff for \\U escape "
+                "sequence");
+          }
+        } else {
+          AddError("Invalid escape sequence in string literal.");
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+        if (current_char_ == delimiter) {
+          NextChar();
+          return;
+        }
+        NextChar();
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Tokenizer::TokenType Tokenizer::ConsumeNumber(bool started_with_zero,
+                                              bool started_with_dot) {
+  bool is_float = false;
+
+  if (started_with_zero && (TryConsume('x') || TryConsume('X'))) {
+    // A hex number (started with "0x").
+    ConsumeOneOrMore<HexDigit>("\"0x\" must be followed by hex digits.");
+
+  } else if (started_with_zero && LookingAt<Digit>()) {
+    // An octal number (had a leading zero).
+    ConsumeZeroOrMore<OctalDigit>();
+    if (LookingAt<Digit>()) {
+      AddError("Numbers starting with leading zero must be in octal.");
+      ConsumeZeroOrMore<Digit>();
+    }
+
+  } else {
+    // A decimal number.
+    if (started_with_dot) {
+      is_float = true;
+      ConsumeZeroOrMore<Digit>();
+    } else {
+      ConsumeZeroOrMore<Digit>();
+
+      if (TryConsume('.')) {
+        is_float = true;
+        ConsumeZeroOrMore<Digit>();
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (TryConsume('e') || TryConsume('E')) {
+      is_float = true;
+      TryConsume('-') || TryConsume('+');
+      ConsumeOneOrMore<Digit>("\"e\" must be followed by exponent.");
+    }
+
+    if (allow_f_after_float_ && (TryConsume('f') || TryConsume('F'))) {
+      is_float = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (LookingAt<Letter>() && require_space_after_number_) {
+    AddError("Need space between number and identifier.");
+  } else if (current_char_ == '.') {
+    if (is_float) {
+      AddError(
+          "Already saw decimal point or exponent; can't have another one.");
+    } else {
+      AddError("Hex and octal numbers must be integers.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return is_float ? TYPE_FLOAT : TYPE_INTEGER;
+}
+
+void Tokenizer::ConsumeLineComment(std::string* content) {
+  if (content != NULL) RecordTo(content);
+
+  while (current_char_ != '\0' && current_char_ != '\n') {
+    NextChar();
+  }
+  TryConsume('\n');
+
+  if (content != NULL) StopRecording();
+}
+
+void Tokenizer::ConsumeBlockComment(std::string* content) {
+  int start_line = line_;
+  int start_column = column_ - 2;
+
+  if (content != NULL) RecordTo(content);
+
+  while (true) {
+    while (current_char_ != '\0' && current_char_ != '*' &&
+           current_char_ != '/' && current_char_ != '\n') {
+      NextChar();
+    }
+
+    if (TryConsume('\n')) {
+      if (content != NULL) StopRecording();
+
+      // Consume leading whitespace and asterisk;
+      ConsumeZeroOrMore<WhitespaceNoNewline>();
+      if (TryConsume('*')) {
+        if (TryConsume('/')) {
+          // End of comment.
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (content != NULL) RecordTo(content);
+    } else if (TryConsume('*') && TryConsume('/')) {
+      // End of comment.
+      if (content != NULL) {
+        StopRecording();
+        // Strip trailing "*/".
+        content->erase(content->size() - 2);
+      }
+      break;
+    } else if (TryConsume('/') && current_char_ == '*') {
+      // Note:  We didn't consume the '*' because if there is a '/' after it
+      //   we want to interpret that as the end of the comment.
+      AddError(
+          "\"/*\" inside block comment.  Block comments cannot be nested.");
+    } else if (current_char_ == '\0') {
+      AddError("End-of-file inside block comment.");
+      error_collector_->AddError(start_line, start_column,
+                                 "  Comment started here.");
+      if (content != NULL) StopRecording();
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Tokenizer::NextCommentStatus Tokenizer::TryConsumeCommentStart() {
+  if (comment_style_ == CPP_COMMENT_STYLE && TryConsume('/')) {
+    if (TryConsume('/')) {
+      return LINE_COMMENT;
+    } else if (TryConsume('*')) {
+      return BLOCK_COMMENT;
+    } else {
+      // Oops, it was just a slash.  Return it.
+      current_.type = TYPE_SYMBOL;
+      current_.text = "/";
+      current_.line = line_;
+      current_.column = column_ - 1;
+      current_.end_column = column_;
+      return SLASH_NOT_COMMENT;
+    }
+  } else if (comment_style_ == SH_COMMENT_STYLE && TryConsume('#')) {
+    return LINE_COMMENT;
+  } else {
+    return NO_COMMENT;
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool Tokenizer::Next() {
+  previous_ = current_;
+
+  while (!read_error_) {
+    ConsumeZeroOrMore<Whitespace>();
+
+    switch (TryConsumeCommentStart()) {
+      case LINE_COMMENT:
+        ConsumeLineComment(NULL);
+        continue;
+      case BLOCK_COMMENT:
+        ConsumeBlockComment(NULL);
+        continue;
+      case SLASH_NOT_COMMENT:
+        return true;
+      case NO_COMMENT:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    // Check for EOF before continuing.
+    if (read_error_) break;
+
+    if (LookingAt<Unprintable>() || current_char_ == '\0') {
+      AddError("Invalid control characters encountered in text.");
+      NextChar();
+      // Skip more unprintable characters, too.  But, remember that '\0' is
+      // also what current_char_ is set to after EOF / read error.  We have
+      // to be careful not to go into an infinite loop of trying to consume
+      // it, so make sure to check read_error_ explicitly before consuming
+      // '\0'.
+      while (TryConsumeOne<Unprintable>() ||
+             (!read_error_ && TryConsume('\0'))) {
+        // Ignore.
+      }
+
+    } else {
+      // Reading some sort of token.
+      StartToken();
+
+      if (TryConsumeOne<Letter>()) {
+        ConsumeZeroOrMore<Alphanumeric>();
+        current_.type = TYPE_IDENTIFIER;
+      } else if (TryConsume('0')) {
+        current_.type = ConsumeNumber(true, false);
+      } else if (TryConsume('.')) {
+        // This could be the beginning of a floating-point number, or it could
+        // just be a '.' symbol.
+
+        if (TryConsumeOne<Digit>()) {
+          // It's a floating-point number.
+          if (previous_.type == TYPE_IDENTIFIER &&
+              current_.line == previous_.line &&
+              current_.column == previous_.end_column) {
+            // We don't accept syntax like "blah.123".
+            error_collector_->AddError(
+                line_, column_ - 2,
+                "Need space between identifier and decimal point.");
+          }
+          current_.type = ConsumeNumber(false, true);
+        } else {
+          current_.type = TYPE_SYMBOL;
+        }
+      } else if (TryConsumeOne<Digit>()) {
+        current_.type = ConsumeNumber(false, false);
+      } else if (TryConsume('\"')) {
+        ConsumeString('\"');
+        current_.type = TYPE_STRING;
+      } else if (TryConsume('\'')) {
+        ConsumeString('\'');
+        current_.type = TYPE_STRING;
+      } else {
+        // Check if the high order bit is set.
+        if (current_char_ & 0x80) {
+          error_collector_->AddError(
+              line_, column_,
+              StringPrintf("Interpreting non ascii codepoint %d.",
+                           static_cast<unsigned char>(current_char_)));
+        }
+        NextChar();
+        current_.type = TYPE_SYMBOL;
+      }
+
+      EndToken();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // EOF
+  current_.type = TYPE_END;
+  current_.text.clear();
+  current_.line = line_;
+  current_.column = column_;
+  current_.end_column = column_;
+  return false;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Helper class for collecting comments and putting them in the right places.
+//
+// This basically just buffers the most recent comment until it can be decided
+// exactly where that comment should be placed.  When Flush() is called, the
+// current comment goes into either prev_trailing_comments or detached_comments.
+// When the CommentCollector is destroyed, the last buffered comment goes into
+// next_leading_comments.
+class CommentCollector {
+ public:
+  CommentCollector(std::string* prev_trailing_comments,
+                   std::vector<std::string>* detached_comments,
+                   std::string* next_leading_comments)
+      : prev_trailing_comments_(prev_trailing_comments),
+        detached_comments_(detached_comments),
+        next_leading_comments_(next_leading_comments),
+        has_comment_(false),
+        is_line_comment_(false),
+        can_attach_to_prev_(true) {
+    if (prev_trailing_comments != NULL) prev_trailing_comments->clear();
+    if (detached_comments != NULL) detached_comments->clear();
+    if (next_leading_comments != NULL) next_leading_comments->clear();
+  }
+
+  ~CommentCollector() {
+    // Whatever is in the buffer is a leading comment.
+    if (next_leading_comments_ != NULL && has_comment_) {
+      comment_buffer_.swap(*next_leading_comments_);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // About to read a line comment.  Get the comment buffer pointer in order to
+  // read into it.
+  std::string* GetBufferForLineComment() {
+    // We want to combine with previous line comments, but not block comments.
+    if (has_comment_ && !is_line_comment_) {
+      Flush();
+    }
+    has_comment_ = true;
+    is_line_comment_ = true;
+    return &comment_buffer_;
+  }
+
+  // About to read a block comment.  Get the comment buffer pointer in order to
+  // read into it.
+  std::string* GetBufferForBlockComment() {
+    if (has_comment_) {
+      Flush();
+    }
+    has_comment_ = true;
+    is_line_comment_ = false;
+    return &comment_buffer_;
+  }
+
+  void ClearBuffer() {
+    comment_buffer_.clear();
+    has_comment_ = false;
+  }
+
+  // Called once we know that the comment buffer is complete and is *not*
+  // connected to the next token.
+  void Flush() {
+    if (has_comment_) {
+      if (can_attach_to_prev_) {
+        if (prev_trailing_comments_ != NULL) {
+          prev_trailing_comments_->append(comment_buffer_);
+        }
+        can_attach_to_prev_ = false;
+      } else {
+        if (detached_comments_ != NULL) {
+          detached_comments_->push_back(comment_buffer_);
+        }
+      }
+      ClearBuffer();
+    }
+  }
+
+  void DetachFromPrev() { can_attach_to_prev_ = false; }
+
+ private:
+  std::string* prev_trailing_comments_;
+  std::vector<std::string>* detached_comments_;
+  std::string* next_leading_comments_;
+
+  std::string comment_buffer_;
+
+  // True if any comments were read into comment_buffer_.  This can be true even
+  // if comment_buffer_ is empty, namely if the comment was "/**/".
+  bool has_comment_;
+
+  // Is the comment in the comment buffer a line comment?
+  bool is_line_comment_;
+
+  // Is it still possible that we could be reading a comment attached to the
+  // previous token?
+  bool can_attach_to_prev_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool Tokenizer::NextWithComments(std::string* prev_trailing_comments,
+                                 std::vector<std::string>* detached_comments,
+                                 std::string* next_leading_comments) {
+  CommentCollector collector(prev_trailing_comments, detached_comments,
+                             next_leading_comments);
+
+  if (current_.type == TYPE_START) {
+    // Ignore unicode byte order mark(BOM) if it appears at the file
+    // beginning. Only UTF-8 BOM (0xEF 0xBB 0xBF) is accepted.
+    if (TryConsume((char)0xEF)) {
+      if (!TryConsume((char)0xBB) || !TryConsume((char)0xBF)) {
+        AddError(
+            "Proto file starts with 0xEF but not UTF-8 BOM. "
+            "Only UTF-8 is accepted for proto file.");
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    collector.DetachFromPrev();
+  } else {
+    // A comment appearing on the same line must be attached to the previous
+    // declaration.
+    ConsumeZeroOrMore<WhitespaceNoNewline>();
+    switch (TryConsumeCommentStart()) {
+      case LINE_COMMENT:
+        ConsumeLineComment(collector.GetBufferForLineComment());
+
+        // Don't allow comments on subsequent lines to be attached to a trailing
+        // comment.
+        collector.Flush();
+        break;
+      case BLOCK_COMMENT:
+        ConsumeBlockComment(collector.GetBufferForBlockComment());
+
+        ConsumeZeroOrMore<WhitespaceNoNewline>();
+        if (!TryConsume('\n')) {
+          // Oops, the next token is on the same line.  If we recorded a comment
+          // we really have no idea which token it should be attached to.
+          collector.ClearBuffer();
+          return Next();
+        }
+
+        // Don't allow comments on subsequent lines to be attached to a trailing
+        // comment.
+        collector.Flush();
+        break;
+      case SLASH_NOT_COMMENT:
+        return true;
+      case NO_COMMENT:
+        if (!TryConsume('\n')) {
+          // The next token is on the same line.  There are no comments.
+          return Next();
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // OK, we are now on the line *after* the previous token.
+  while (true) {
+    ConsumeZeroOrMore<WhitespaceNoNewline>();
+
+    switch (TryConsumeCommentStart()) {
+      case LINE_COMMENT:
+        ConsumeLineComment(collector.GetBufferForLineComment());
+        break;
+      case BLOCK_COMMENT:
+        ConsumeBlockComment(collector.GetBufferForBlockComment());
+
+        // Consume the rest of the line so that we don't interpret it as a
+        // blank line the next time around the loop.
+        ConsumeZeroOrMore<WhitespaceNoNewline>();
+        TryConsume('\n');
+        break;
+      case SLASH_NOT_COMMENT:
+        return true;
+      case NO_COMMENT:
+        if (TryConsume('\n')) {
+          // Completely blank line.
+          collector.Flush();
+          collector.DetachFromPrev();
+        } else {
+          bool result = Next();
+          if (!result || current_.text == "}" || current_.text == "]" ||
+              current_.text == ")") {
+            // It looks like we're at the end of a scope.  In this case it
+            // makes no sense to attach a comment to the following token.
+            collector.Flush();
+          }
+          return result;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Token-parsing helpers.  Remember that these don't need to report
+// errors since any errors should already have been reported while
+// tokenizing.  Also, these can assume that whatever text they
+// are given is text that the tokenizer actually parsed as a token
+// of the given type.
+
+bool Tokenizer::ParseInteger(const std::string& text, uint64 max_value,
+                             uint64* output) {
+  // Sadly, we can't just use strtoul() since it is only 32-bit and strtoull()
+  // is non-standard.  I hate the C standard library.  :(
+
+  //  return strtoull(text.c_str(), NULL, 0);
+
+  const char* ptr = text.c_str();
+  int base = 10;
+  if (ptr[0] == '0') {
+    if (ptr[1] == 'x' || ptr[1] == 'X') {
+      // This is hex.
+      base = 16;
+      ptr += 2;
+    } else {
+      // This is octal.
+      base = 8;
+    }
+  }
+
+  uint64 result = 0;
+  for (; *ptr != '\0'; ptr++) {
+    int digit = DigitValue(*ptr);
+    if (digit < 0 || digit >= base) {
+      // The token provided by Tokenizer is invalid. i.e., 099 is an invalid
+      // token, but Tokenizer still think it's integer.
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (digit > max_value || result > (max_value - digit) / base) {
+      // Overflow.
+      return false;
+    }
+    result = result * base + digit;
+  }
+
+  *output = result;
+  return true;
+}
+
+double Tokenizer::ParseFloat(const std::string& text) {
+  const char* start = text.c_str();
+  char* end;
+  double result = NoLocaleStrtod(start, &end);
+
+  // "1e" is not a valid float, but if the tokenizer reads it, it will
+  // report an error but still return it as a valid token.  We need to
+  // accept anything the tokenizer could possibly return, error or not.
+  if (*end == 'e' || *end == 'E') {
+    ++end;
+    if (*end == '-' || *end == '+') ++end;
+  }
+
+  // If the Tokenizer had allow_f_after_float_ enabled, the float may be
+  // suffixed with the letter 'f'.
+  if (*end == 'f' || *end == 'F') {
+    ++end;
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG_IF(DFATAL, end - start != text.size() || *start == '-')
+      << " Tokenizer::ParseFloat() passed text that could not have been"
+         " tokenized as a float: "
+      << CEscape(text);
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Helper to append a Unicode code point to a string as UTF8, without bringing
+// in any external dependencies.
+static void AppendUTF8(uint32 code_point, std::string* output) {
+  uint32 tmp = 0;
+  int len = 0;
+  if (code_point <= 0x7f) {
+    tmp = code_point;
+    len = 1;
+  } else if (code_point <= 0x07ff) {
+    tmp = 0x0000c080 | ((code_point & 0x07c0) << 2) | (code_point & 0x003f);
+    len = 2;
+  } else if (code_point <= 0xffff) {
+    tmp = 0x00e08080 | ((code_point & 0xf000) << 4) |
+          ((code_point & 0x0fc0) << 2) | (code_point & 0x003f);
+    len = 3;
+  } else if (code_point <= 0x1fffff) {
+    tmp = 0xf0808080 | ((code_point & 0x1c0000) << 6) |
+          ((code_point & 0x03f000) << 4) | ((code_point & 0x000fc0) << 2) |
+          (code_point & 0x003f);
+    len = 4;
+  } else {
+    // UTF-16 is only defined for code points up to 0x10FFFF, and UTF-8 is
+    // normally only defined up to there as well.
+    StringAppendF(output, "\\U%08x", code_point);
+    return;
+  }
+  tmp = ghtonl(tmp);
+  output->append(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&tmp) + sizeof(tmp) - len, len);
+}
+
+// Try to read <len> hex digits from ptr, and stuff the numeric result into
+// *result. Returns true if that many digits were successfully consumed.
+static bool ReadHexDigits(const char* ptr, int len, uint32* result) {
+  *result = 0;
+  if (len == 0) return false;
+  for (const char* end = ptr + len; ptr < end; ++ptr) {
+    if (*ptr == '\0') return false;
+    *result = (*result << 4) + DigitValue(*ptr);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Handling UTF-16 surrogate pairs. UTF-16 encodes code points in the range
+// 0x10000...0x10ffff as a pair of numbers, a head surrogate followed by a trail
+// surrogate. These numbers are in a reserved range of Unicode code points, so
+// if we encounter such a pair we know how to parse it and convert it into a
+// single code point.
+static const uint32 kMinHeadSurrogate = 0xd800;
+static const uint32 kMaxHeadSurrogate = 0xdc00;
+static const uint32 kMinTrailSurrogate = 0xdc00;
+static const uint32 kMaxTrailSurrogate = 0xe000;
+
+static inline bool IsHeadSurrogate(uint32 code_point) {
+  return (code_point >= kMinHeadSurrogate) && (code_point < kMaxHeadSurrogate);
+}
+
+static inline bool IsTrailSurrogate(uint32 code_point) {
+  return (code_point >= kMinTrailSurrogate) &&
+         (code_point < kMaxTrailSurrogate);
+}
+
+// Combine a head and trail surrogate into a single Unicode code point.
+static uint32 AssembleUTF16(uint32 head_surrogate, uint32 trail_surrogate) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(IsHeadSurrogate(head_surrogate));
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(IsTrailSurrogate(trail_surrogate));
+  return 0x10000 + (((head_surrogate - kMinHeadSurrogate) << 10) |
+                    (trail_surrogate - kMinTrailSurrogate));
+}
+
+// Convert the escape sequence parameter to a number of expected hex digits.
+static inline int UnicodeLength(char key) {
+  if (key == 'u') return 4;
+  if (key == 'U') return 8;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Given a pointer to the 'u' or 'U' starting a Unicode escape sequence, attempt
+// to parse that sequence. On success, returns a pointer to the first char
+// beyond that sequence, and fills in *code_point. On failure, returns ptr
+// itself.
+static const char* FetchUnicodePoint(const char* ptr, uint32* code_point) {
+  const char* p = ptr;
+  // Fetch the code point.
+  const int len = UnicodeLength(*p++);
+  if (!ReadHexDigits(p, len, code_point)) return ptr;
+  p += len;
+
+  // Check if the code point we read is a "head surrogate." If so, then we
+  // expect it to be immediately followed by another code point which is a valid
+  // "trail surrogate," and together they form a UTF-16 pair which decodes into
+  // a single Unicode point. Trail surrogates may only use \u, not \U.
+  if (IsHeadSurrogate(*code_point) && *p == '\\' && *(p + 1) == 'u') {
+    uint32 trail_surrogate;
+    if (ReadHexDigits(p + 2, 4, &trail_surrogate) &&
+        IsTrailSurrogate(trail_surrogate)) {
+      *code_point = AssembleUTF16(*code_point, trail_surrogate);
+      p += 6;
+    }
+    // If this failed, then we just emit the head surrogate as a code point.
+    // It's bogus, but so is the string.
+  }
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+// The text string must begin and end with single or double quote
+// characters.
+void Tokenizer::ParseStringAppend(const std::string& text,
+                                  std::string* output) {
+  // Reminder: text[0] is always a quote character.  (If text is
+  // empty, it's invalid, so we'll just return).
+  const size_t text_size = text.size();
+  if (text_size == 0) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << " Tokenizer::ParseStringAppend() passed text that could not"
+                   " have been tokenized as a string: "
+                << CEscape(text);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Reserve room for new string. The branch is necessary because if
+  // there is already space available the reserve() call might
+  // downsize the output.
+  const size_t new_len = text_size + output->size();
+  if (new_len > output->capacity()) {
+    output->reserve(new_len);
+  }
+
+  // Loop through the string copying characters to "output" and
+  // interpreting escape sequences.  Note that any invalid escape
+  // sequences or other errors were already reported while tokenizing.
+  // In this case we do not need to produce valid results.
+  for (const char* ptr = text.c_str() + 1; *ptr != '\0'; ptr++) {
+    if (*ptr == '\\' && ptr[1] != '\0') {
+      // An escape sequence.
+      ++ptr;
+
+      if (OctalDigit::InClass(*ptr)) {
+        // An octal escape.  May one, two, or three digits.
+        int code = DigitValue(*ptr);
+        if (OctalDigit::InClass(ptr[1])) {
+          ++ptr;
+          code = code * 8 + DigitValue(*ptr);
+        }
+        if (OctalDigit::InClass(ptr[1])) {
+          ++ptr;
+          code = code * 8 + DigitValue(*ptr);
+        }
+        output->push_back(static_cast<char>(code));
+
+      } else if (*ptr == 'x') {
+        // A hex escape.  May zero, one, or two digits.  (The zero case
+        // will have been caught as an error earlier.)
+        int code = 0;
+        if (HexDigit::InClass(ptr[1])) {
+          ++ptr;
+          code = DigitValue(*ptr);
+        }
+        if (HexDigit::InClass(ptr[1])) {
+          ++ptr;
+          code = code * 16 + DigitValue(*ptr);
+        }
+        output->push_back(static_cast<char>(code));
+
+      } else if (*ptr == 'u' || *ptr == 'U') {
+        uint32 unicode;
+        const char* end = FetchUnicodePoint(ptr, &unicode);
+        if (end == ptr) {
+          // Failure: Just dump out what we saw, don't try to parse it.
+          output->push_back(*ptr);
+        } else {
+          AppendUTF8(unicode, output);
+          ptr = end - 1;  // Because we're about to ++ptr.
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Some other escape code.
+        output->push_back(TranslateEscape(*ptr));
+      }
+
+    } else if (*ptr == text[0] && ptr[1] == '\0') {
+      // Ignore final quote matching the starting quote.
+    } else {
+      output->push_back(*ptr);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename CharacterClass>
+static bool AllInClass(const std::string& s) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i) {
+    if (!CharacterClass::InClass(s[i])) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Tokenizer::IsIdentifier(const std::string& text) {
+  // Mirrors IDENTIFIER definition in Tokenizer::Next() above.
+  if (text.size() == 0) return false;
+  if (!Letter::InClass(text.at(0))) return false;
+  if (!AllInClass<Alphanumeric>(text.substr(1))) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..551516ea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Class for parsing tokenized text from a ZeroCopyInputStream.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_TOKENIZER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_TOKENIZER_H__
+
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+class ZeroCopyInputStream;  // zero_copy_stream.h
+
+// Defined in this file.
+class ErrorCollector;
+class Tokenizer;
+
+// By "column number", the proto compiler refers to a count of the number
+// of bytes before a given byte, except that a tab character advances to
+// the next multiple of 8 bytes.  Note in particular that column numbers
+// are zero-based, while many user interfaces use one-based column numbers.
+typedef int ColumnNumber;
+
+// Abstract interface for an object which collects the errors that occur
+// during parsing.  A typical implementation might simply print the errors
+// to stdout.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  inline ErrorCollector() {}
+  virtual ~ErrorCollector();
+
+  // Indicates that there was an error in the input at the given line and
+  // column numbers.  The numbers are zero-based, so you may want to add
+  // 1 to each before printing them.
+  virtual void AddError(int line, ColumnNumber column,
+                        const std::string& message) = 0;
+
+  // Indicates that there was a warning in the input at the given line and
+  // column numbers.  The numbers are zero-based, so you may want to add
+  // 1 to each before printing them.
+  virtual void AddWarning(int line, ColumnNumber column,
+                          const std::string& message) {}
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ErrorCollector);
+};
+
+// This class converts a stream of raw text into a stream of tokens for
+// the protocol definition parser to parse.  The tokens recognized are
+// similar to those that make up the C language; see the TokenType enum for
+// precise descriptions.  Whitespace and comments are skipped.  By default,
+// C- and C++-style comments are recognized, but other styles can be used by
+// calling set_comment_style().
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Tokenizer {
+ public:
+  // Construct a Tokenizer that reads and tokenizes text from the given
+  // input stream and writes errors to the given error_collector.
+  // The caller keeps ownership of input and error_collector.
+  Tokenizer(ZeroCopyInputStream* input, ErrorCollector* error_collector);
+  ~Tokenizer();
+
+  enum TokenType {
+    TYPE_START,  // Next() has not yet been called.
+    TYPE_END,    // End of input reached.  "text" is empty.
+
+    TYPE_IDENTIFIER,  // A sequence of letters, digits, and underscores, not
+                      // starting with a digit.  It is an error for a number
+                      // to be followed by an identifier with no space in
+                      // between.
+    TYPE_INTEGER,     // A sequence of digits representing an integer.  Normally
+                      // the digits are decimal, but a prefix of "0x" indicates
+                      // a hex number and a leading zero indicates octal, just
+                      // like with C numeric literals.  A leading negative sign
+                      // is NOT included in the token; it's up to the parser to
+                      // interpret the unary minus operator on its own.
+    TYPE_FLOAT,       // A floating point literal, with a fractional part and/or
+                      // an exponent.  Always in decimal.  Again, never
+                      // negative.
+    TYPE_STRING,      // A quoted sequence of escaped characters.  Either single
+                      // or double quotes can be used, but they must match.
+                      // A string literal cannot cross a line break.
+    TYPE_SYMBOL,      // Any other printable character, like '!' or '+'.
+                      // Symbols are always a single character, so "!+$%" is
+                      // four tokens.
+  };
+
+  // Structure representing a token read from the token stream.
+  struct Token {
+    TokenType type;
+    std::string text;  // The exact text of the token as it appeared in
+                       // the input.  e.g. tokens of TYPE_STRING will still
+                       // be escaped and in quotes.
+
+    // "line" and "column" specify the position of the first character of
+    // the token within the input stream.  They are zero-based.
+    int line;
+    ColumnNumber column;
+    ColumnNumber end_column;
+  };
+
+  // Get the current token.  This is updated when Next() is called.  Before
+  // the first call to Next(), current() has type TYPE_START and no contents.
+  const Token& current();
+
+  // Return the previous token -- i.e. what current() returned before the
+  // previous call to Next().
+  const Token& previous();
+
+  // Advance to the next token.  Returns false if the end of the input is
+  // reached.
+  bool Next();
+
+  // Like Next(), but also collects comments which appear between the previous
+  // and next tokens.
+  //
+  // Comments which appear to be attached to the previous token are stored
+  // in *prev_tailing_comments.  Comments which appear to be attached to the
+  // next token are stored in *next_leading_comments.  Comments appearing in
+  // between which do not appear to be attached to either will be added to
+  // detached_comments.  Any of these parameters can be NULL to simply discard
+  // the comments.
+  //
+  // A series of line comments appearing on consecutive lines, with no other
+  // tokens appearing on those lines, will be treated as a single comment.
+  //
+  // Only the comment content is returned; comment markers (e.g. //) are
+  // stripped out.  For block comments, leading whitespace and an asterisk will
+  // be stripped from the beginning of each line other than the first.  Newlines
+  // are included in the output.
+  //
+  // Examples:
+  //
+  //   optional int32 foo = 1;  // Comment attached to foo.
+  //   // Comment attached to bar.
+  //   optional int32 bar = 2;
+  //
+  //   optional string baz = 3;
+  //   // Comment attached to baz.
+  //   // Another line attached to baz.
+  //
+  //   // Comment attached to qux.
+  //   //
+  //   // Another line attached to qux.
+  //   optional double qux = 4;
+  //
+  //   // Detached comment.  This is not attached to qux or corge
+  //   // because there are blank lines separating it from both.
+  //
+  //   optional string corge = 5;
+  //   /* Block comment attached
+  //    * to corge.  Leading asterisks
+  //    * will be removed. */
+  //   /* Block comment attached to
+  //    * grault. */
+  //   optional int32 grault = 6;
+  bool NextWithComments(std::string* prev_trailing_comments,
+                        std::vector<std::string>* detached_comments,
+                        std::string* next_leading_comments);
+
+  // Parse helpers ---------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Parses a TYPE_FLOAT token.  This never fails, so long as the text actually
+  // comes from a TYPE_FLOAT token parsed by Tokenizer.  If it doesn't, the
+  // result is undefined (possibly an assert failure).
+  static double ParseFloat(const std::string& text);
+
+  // Parses a TYPE_STRING token.  This never fails, so long as the text actually
+  // comes from a TYPE_STRING token parsed by Tokenizer.  If it doesn't, the
+  // result is undefined (possibly an assert failure).
+  static void ParseString(const std::string& text, std::string* output);
+
+  // Identical to ParseString, but appends to output.
+  static void ParseStringAppend(const std::string& text, std::string* output);
+
+  // Parses a TYPE_INTEGER token.  Returns false if the result would be
+  // greater than max_value.  Otherwise, returns true and sets *output to the
+  // result.  If the text is not from a Token of type TYPE_INTEGER originally
+  // parsed by a Tokenizer, the result is undefined (possibly an assert
+  // failure).
+  static bool ParseInteger(const std::string& text, uint64 max_value,
+                           uint64* output);
+
+  // Options ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Set true to allow floats to be suffixed with the letter 'f'.  Tokens
+  // which would otherwise be integers but which have the 'f' suffix will be
+  // forced to be interpreted as floats.  For all other purposes, the 'f' is
+  // ignored.
+  void set_allow_f_after_float(bool value) { allow_f_after_float_ = value; }
+
+  // Valid values for set_comment_style().
+  enum CommentStyle {
+    // Line comments begin with "//", block comments are delimited by "/*" and
+    // "*/".
+    CPP_COMMENT_STYLE,
+    // Line comments begin with "#".  No way to write block comments.
+    SH_COMMENT_STYLE
+  };
+
+  // Sets the comment style.
+  void set_comment_style(CommentStyle style) { comment_style_ = style; }
+
+  // Whether to require whitespace between a number and a field name.
+  // Default is true. Do not use this; for Google-internal cleanup only.
+  void set_require_space_after_number(bool require) {
+    require_space_after_number_ = require;
+  }
+
+  // Whether to allow string literals to span multiple lines. Default is false.
+  // Do not use this; for Google-internal cleanup only.
+  void set_allow_multiline_strings(bool allow) {
+    allow_multiline_strings_ = allow;
+  }
+
+  // External helper: validate an identifier.
+  static bool IsIdentifier(const std::string& text);
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Tokenizer);
+
+  Token current_;   // Returned by current().
+  Token previous_;  // Returned by previous().
+
+  ZeroCopyInputStream* input_;
+  ErrorCollector* error_collector_;
+
+  char current_char_;   // == buffer_[buffer_pos_], updated by NextChar().
+  const char* buffer_;  // Current buffer returned from input_.
+  int buffer_size_;     // Size of buffer_.
+  int buffer_pos_;      // Current position within the buffer.
+  bool read_error_;     // Did we previously encounter a read error?
+
+  // Line and column number of current_char_ within the whole input stream.
+  int line_;
+  ColumnNumber column_;
+
+  // String to which text should be appended as we advance through it.
+  // Call RecordTo(&str) to start recording and StopRecording() to stop.
+  // E.g. StartToken() calls RecordTo(&current_.text).  record_start_ is the
+  // position within the current buffer where recording started.
+  std::string* record_target_;
+  int record_start_;
+
+  // Options.
+  bool allow_f_after_float_;
+  CommentStyle comment_style_;
+  bool require_space_after_number_;
+  bool allow_multiline_strings_;
+
+  // Since we count columns we need to interpret tabs somehow.  We'll take
+  // the standard 8-character definition for lack of any way to do better.
+  // This must match the documentation of ColumnNumber.
+  static const int kTabWidth = 8;
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Helper methods.
+
+  // Consume this character and advance to the next one.
+  void NextChar();
+
+  // Read a new buffer from the input.
+  void Refresh();
+
+  inline void RecordTo(std::string* target);
+  inline void StopRecording();
+
+  // Called when the current character is the first character of a new
+  // token (not including whitespace or comments).
+  inline void StartToken();
+  // Called when the current character is the first character after the
+  // end of the last token.  After this returns, current_.text will
+  // contain all text consumed since StartToken() was called.
+  inline void EndToken();
+
+  // Convenience method to add an error at the current line and column.
+  void AddError(const std::string& message) {
+    error_collector_->AddError(line_, column_, message);
+  }
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // The following four methods are used to consume tokens of specific
+  // types.  They are actually used to consume all characters *after*
+  // the first, since the calling function consumes the first character
+  // in order to decide what kind of token is being read.
+
+  // Read and consume a string, ending when the given delimiter is
+  // consumed.
+  void ConsumeString(char delimiter);
+
+  // Read and consume a number, returning TYPE_FLOAT or TYPE_INTEGER
+  // depending on what was read.  This needs to know if the first
+  // character was a zero in order to correctly recognize hex and octal
+  // numbers.
+  // It also needs to know if the first character was a . to parse floating
+  // point correctly.
+  TokenType ConsumeNumber(bool started_with_zero, bool started_with_dot);
+
+  // Consume the rest of a line.
+  void ConsumeLineComment(std::string* content);
+  // Consume until "*/".
+  void ConsumeBlockComment(std::string* content);
+
+  enum NextCommentStatus {
+    // Started a line comment.
+    LINE_COMMENT,
+
+    // Started a block comment.
+    BLOCK_COMMENT,
+
+    // Consumed a slash, then realized it wasn't a comment.  current_ has
+    // been filled in with a slash token.  The caller should return it.
+    SLASH_NOT_COMMENT,
+
+    // We do not appear to be starting a comment here.
+    NO_COMMENT
+  };
+
+  // If we're at the start of a new comment, consume it and return what kind
+  // of comment it is.
+  NextCommentStatus TryConsumeCommentStart();
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // These helper methods make the parsing code more readable.  The
+  // "character classes" referred to are defined at the top of the .cc file.
+  // Basically it is a C++ class with one method:
+  //   static bool InClass(char c);
+  // The method returns true if c is a member of this "class", like "Letter"
+  // or "Digit".
+
+  // Returns true if the current character is of the given character
+  // class, but does not consume anything.
+  template <typename CharacterClass>
+  inline bool LookingAt();
+
+  // If the current character is in the given class, consume it and return
+  // true.  Otherwise return false.
+  // e.g. TryConsumeOne<Letter>()
+  template <typename CharacterClass>
+  inline bool TryConsumeOne();
+
+  // Like above, but try to consume the specific character indicated.
+  inline bool TryConsume(char c);
+
+  // Consume zero or more of the given character class.
+  template <typename CharacterClass>
+  inline void ConsumeZeroOrMore();
+
+  // Consume one or more of the given character class or log the given
+  // error message.
+  // e.g. ConsumeOneOrMore<Digit>("Expected digits.");
+  template <typename CharacterClass>
+  inline void ConsumeOneOrMore(const char* error);
+};
+
+// inline methods ====================================================
+inline const Tokenizer::Token& Tokenizer::current() { return current_; }
+
+inline const Tokenizer::Token& Tokenizer::previous() { return previous_; }
+
+inline void Tokenizer::ParseString(const std::string& text,
+                                   std::string* output) {
+  output->clear();
+  ParseStringAppend(text, output);
+}
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_TOKENIZER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ee9ab57f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,959 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h>
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+namespace {
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Data-Driven Test Infrastructure
+
+// TODO(kenton):  This is copied from coded_stream_unittest.  This is
+//   temporary until these fetaures are integrated into gTest itself.
+
+// TEST_1D and TEST_2D are macros I'd eventually like to see added to
+// gTest.  These macros can be used to declare tests which should be
+// run multiple times, once for each item in some input array.  TEST_1D
+// tests all cases in a single input array.  TEST_2D tests all
+// combinations of cases from two arrays.  The arrays must be statically
+// defined such that the GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE() macro works on them.  Example:
+//
+// int kCases[] = {1, 2, 3, 4}
+// TEST_1D(MyFixture, MyTest, kCases) {
+//   EXPECT_GT(kCases_case, 0);
+// }
+//
+// This test iterates through the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 and tests that
+// they are all grater than zero.  In case of failure, the exact case
+// which failed will be printed.  The case type must be printable using
+// ostream::operator<<.
+
+#define TEST_1D(FIXTURE, NAME, CASES)                             \
+  class FIXTURE##_##NAME##_DD : public FIXTURE {                  \
+   protected:                                                     \
+    template <typename CaseType>                                  \
+    void DoSingleCase(const CaseType& CASES##_case);              \
+  };                                                              \
+                                                                  \
+  TEST_F(FIXTURE##_##NAME##_DD, NAME) {                           \
+    for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(CASES); i++) {                  \
+      SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message()                             \
+                   << #CASES " case #" << i << ": " << CASES[i]); \
+      DoSingleCase(CASES[i]);                                     \
+    }                                                             \
+  }                                                               \
+                                                                  \
+  template <typename CaseType>                                    \
+  void FIXTURE##_##NAME##_DD::DoSingleCase(const CaseType& CASES##_case)
+
+#define TEST_2D(FIXTURE, NAME, CASES1, CASES2)                              \
+  class FIXTURE##_##NAME##_DD : public FIXTURE {                            \
+   protected:                                                               \
+    template <typename CaseType1, typename CaseType2>                       \
+    void DoSingleCase(const CaseType1& CASES1##_case,                       \
+                      const CaseType2& CASES2##_case);                      \
+  };                                                                        \
+                                                                            \
+  TEST_F(FIXTURE##_##NAME##_DD, NAME) {                                     \
+    for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(CASES1); i++) {                           \
+      for (int j = 0; j < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(CASES2); j++) {                         \
+        SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message()                                     \
+                     << #CASES1 " case #" << i << ": " << CASES1[i] << ", " \
+                     << #CASES2 " case #" << j << ": " << CASES2[j]);       \
+        DoSingleCase(CASES1[i], CASES2[j]);                                 \
+      }                                                                     \
+    }                                                                       \
+  }                                                                         \
+                                                                            \
+  template <typename CaseType1, typename CaseType2>                         \
+  void FIXTURE##_##NAME##_DD::DoSingleCase(const CaseType1& CASES1##_case,  \
+                                           const CaseType2& CASES2##_case)
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// An input stream that is basically like an ArrayInputStream but sometimes
+// returns empty buffers, just to throw us off.
+class TestInputStream : public ZeroCopyInputStream {
+ public:
+  TestInputStream(const void* data, int size, int block_size)
+      : array_stream_(data, size, block_size), counter_(0) {}
+  ~TestInputStream() {}
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyInputStream ----------------------------------
+  bool Next(const void** data, int* size) override {
+    // We'll return empty buffers starting with the first buffer, and every
+    // 3 and 5 buffers after that.
+    if (counter_ % 3 == 0 || counter_ % 5 == 0) {
+      *data = NULL;
+      *size = 0;
+      ++counter_;
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      ++counter_;
+      return array_stream_.Next(data, size);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void BackUp(int count) override { return array_stream_.BackUp(count); }
+  bool Skip(int count) override { return array_stream_.Skip(count); }
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override { return array_stream_.ByteCount(); }
+
+ private:
+  ArrayInputStream array_stream_;
+  int counter_;
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// An error collector which simply concatenates all its errors into a big
+// block of text which can be checked.
+class TestErrorCollector : public ErrorCollector {
+ public:
+  TestErrorCollector() {}
+  ~TestErrorCollector() {}
+
+  std::string text_;
+
+  // implements ErrorCollector ---------------------------------------
+  void AddError(int line, int column, const std::string& message) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&text_, "$0:$1: $2\n", line, column, message);
+  }
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// We test each operation over a variety of block sizes to insure that
+// we test cases where reads cross buffer boundaries as well as cases
+// where they don't.  This is sort of a brute-force approach to this,
+// but it's easy to write and easy to understand.
+const int kBlockSizes[] = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 32, 1024};
+
+class TokenizerTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // For easy testing.
+  uint64 ParseInteger(const std::string& text) {
+    uint64 result;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(Tokenizer::ParseInteger(text, kuint64max, &result));
+    return result;
+  }
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// These tests causes gcc 3.3.5 (and earlier?) to give the cryptic error:
+//   "sorry, unimplemented: `method_call_expr' not supported by dump_expr"
+#if !defined(__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ > 3)
+
+// In each test case, the entire input text should parse as a single token
+// of the given type.
+struct SimpleTokenCase {
+  std::string input;
+  Tokenizer::TokenType type;
+};
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
+                                const SimpleTokenCase& test_case) {
+  return out << CEscape(test_case.input);
+}
+
+SimpleTokenCase kSimpleTokenCases[] = {
+    // Test identifiers.
+    {"hello", Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER},
+
+    // Test integers.
+    {"123", Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER},
+    {"0xab6", Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER},
+    {"0XAB6", Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER},
+    {"0X1234567", Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER},
+    {"0x89abcdef", Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER},
+    {"0x89ABCDEF", Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER},
+    {"01234567", Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER},
+
+    // Test floats.
+    {"123.45", Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT},
+    {"1.", Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT},
+    {"1e3", Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT},
+    {"1E3", Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT},
+    {"1e-3", Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT},
+    {"1e+3", Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT},
+    {"1.e3", Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT},
+    {"1.2e3", Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT},
+    {".1", Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT},
+    {".1e3", Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT},
+    {".1e-3", Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT},
+    {".1e+3", Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT},
+
+    // Test strings.
+    {"'hello'", Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING},
+    {"\"foo\"", Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING},
+    {"'a\"b'", Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING},
+    {"\"a'b\"", Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING},
+    {"'a\\'b'", Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING},
+    {"\"a\\\"b\"", Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING},
+    {"'\\xf'", Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING},
+    {"'\\0'", Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING},
+
+    // Test symbols.
+    {"+", Tokenizer::TYPE_SYMBOL},
+    {".", Tokenizer::TYPE_SYMBOL},
+};
+
+TEST_2D(TokenizerTest, SimpleTokens, kSimpleTokenCases, kBlockSizes) {
+  // Set up the tokenizer.
+  TestInputStream input(kSimpleTokenCases_case.input.data(),
+                        kSimpleTokenCases_case.input.size(), kBlockSizes_case);
+  TestErrorCollector error_collector;
+  Tokenizer tokenizer(&input, &error_collector);
+
+  // Before Next() is called, the initial token should always be TYPE_START.
+  EXPECT_EQ(Tokenizer::TYPE_START, tokenizer.current().type);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", tokenizer.current().text);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, tokenizer.current().line);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, tokenizer.current().column);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, tokenizer.current().end_column);
+
+  // Parse the token.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(tokenizer.Next());
+
+  // Check that it has the right type.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSimpleTokenCases_case.type, tokenizer.current().type);
+  // Check that it contains the complete input text.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSimpleTokenCases_case.input, tokenizer.current().text);
+  // Check that it is located at the beginning of the input
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, tokenizer.current().line);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, tokenizer.current().column);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSimpleTokenCases_case.input.size(),
+            tokenizer.current().end_column);
+
+  // There should be no more input.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tokenizer.Next());
+
+  // After Next() returns false, the token should have type TYPE_END.
+  EXPECT_EQ(Tokenizer::TYPE_END, tokenizer.current().type);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", tokenizer.current().text);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, tokenizer.current().line);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSimpleTokenCases_case.input.size(), tokenizer.current().column);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSimpleTokenCases_case.input.size(),
+            tokenizer.current().end_column);
+
+  // There should be no errors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(error_collector.text_.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_1D(TokenizerTest, FloatSuffix, kBlockSizes) {
+  // Test the "allow_f_after_float" option.
+
+  // Set up the tokenizer.
+  const char* text = "1f 2.5f 6e3f 7F";
+  TestInputStream input(text, strlen(text), kBlockSizes_case);
+  TestErrorCollector error_collector;
+  Tokenizer tokenizer(&input, &error_collector);
+  tokenizer.set_allow_f_after_float(true);
+
+  // Advance through tokens and check that they are parsed as expected.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(tokenizer.Next());
+  EXPECT_EQ(tokenizer.current().text, "1f");
+  EXPECT_EQ(tokenizer.current().type, Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(tokenizer.Next());
+  EXPECT_EQ(tokenizer.current().text, "2.5f");
+  EXPECT_EQ(tokenizer.current().type, Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(tokenizer.Next());
+  EXPECT_EQ(tokenizer.current().text, "6e3f");
+  EXPECT_EQ(tokenizer.current().type, Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(tokenizer.Next());
+  EXPECT_EQ(tokenizer.current().text, "7F");
+  EXPECT_EQ(tokenizer.current().type, Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT);
+
+  // There should be no more input.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tokenizer.Next());
+  // There should be no errors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(error_collector.text_.empty());
+}
+
+#endif
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// In each case, the input is parsed to produce a list of tokens.  The
+// last token in "output" must have type TYPE_END.
+struct MultiTokenCase {
+  std::string input;
+  Tokenizer::Token output[10];  // The compiler wants a constant array
+                                // size for initialization to work.  There
+                                // is no reason this can't be increased if
+                                // needed.
+};
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
+                                const MultiTokenCase& test_case) {
+  return out << CEscape(test_case.input);
+}
+
+MultiTokenCase kMultiTokenCases[] = {
+    // Test empty input.
+    {"",
+     {
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_END, "", 0, 0, 0},
+     }},
+
+    // Test all token types at the same time.
+    {"foo 1 1.2 + 'bar'",
+     {
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "foo", 0, 0, 3},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER, "1", 0, 4, 5},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT, "1.2", 0, 6, 9},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_SYMBOL, "+", 0, 10, 11},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING, "'bar'", 0, 12, 17},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_END, "", 0, 17, 17},
+     }},
+
+    // Test that consecutive symbols are parsed as separate tokens.
+    {"!@+%",
+     {
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_SYMBOL, "!", 0, 0, 1},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_SYMBOL, "@", 0, 1, 2},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_SYMBOL, "+", 0, 2, 3},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_SYMBOL, "%", 0, 3, 4},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_END, "", 0, 4, 4},
+     }},
+
+    // Test that newlines affect line numbers correctly.
+    {"foo bar\nrab oof",
+     {
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "foo", 0, 0, 3},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "bar", 0, 4, 7},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "rab", 1, 0, 3},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "oof", 1, 4, 7},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_END, "", 1, 7, 7},
+     }},
+
+    // Test that tabs affect column numbers correctly.
+    {"foo\tbar  \tbaz",
+     {
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "foo", 0, 0, 3},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "bar", 0, 8, 11},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "baz", 0, 16, 19},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_END, "", 0, 19, 19},
+     }},
+
+    // Test that tabs in string literals affect column numbers correctly.
+    {"\"foo\tbar\" baz",
+     {
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING, "\"foo\tbar\"", 0, 0, 12},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "baz", 0, 13, 16},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_END, "", 0, 16, 16},
+     }},
+
+    // Test that line comments are ignored.
+    {"foo // This is a comment\n"
+     "bar // This is another comment",
+     {
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "foo", 0, 0, 3},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "bar", 1, 0, 3},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_END, "", 1, 30, 30},
+     }},
+
+    // Test that block comments are ignored.
+    {"foo /* This is a block comment */ bar",
+     {
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "foo", 0, 0, 3},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "bar", 0, 34, 37},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_END, "", 0, 37, 37},
+     }},
+
+    // Test that sh-style comments are not ignored by default.
+    {"foo # bar\n"
+     "baz",
+     {
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "foo", 0, 0, 3},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_SYMBOL, "#", 0, 4, 5},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "bar", 0, 6, 9},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "baz", 1, 0, 3},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_END, "", 1, 3, 3},
+     }},
+
+    // Test all whitespace chars
+    {"foo\n\t\r\v\fbar",
+     {
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "foo", 0, 0, 3},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER, "bar", 1, 11, 14},
+         {Tokenizer::TYPE_END, "", 1, 14, 14},
+     }},
+};
+
+TEST_2D(TokenizerTest, MultipleTokens, kMultiTokenCases, kBlockSizes) {
+  // Set up the tokenizer.
+  TestInputStream input(kMultiTokenCases_case.input.data(),
+                        kMultiTokenCases_case.input.size(), kBlockSizes_case);
+  TestErrorCollector error_collector;
+  Tokenizer tokenizer(&input, &error_collector);
+
+  // Before Next() is called, the initial token should always be TYPE_START.
+  EXPECT_EQ(Tokenizer::TYPE_START, tokenizer.current().type);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", tokenizer.current().text);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, tokenizer.current().line);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, tokenizer.current().column);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, tokenizer.current().end_column);
+
+  // Loop through all expected tokens.
+  int i = 0;
+  Tokenizer::Token token;
+  do {
+    token = kMultiTokenCases_case.output[i++];
+
+    SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "Token #" << i << ": " << token.text);
+
+    Tokenizer::Token previous = tokenizer.current();
+
+    // Next() should only return false when it hits the end token.
+    if (token.type != Tokenizer::TYPE_END) {
+      ASSERT_TRUE(tokenizer.Next());
+    } else {
+      ASSERT_FALSE(tokenizer.Next());
+    }
+
+    // Check that the previous token is set correctly.
+    EXPECT_EQ(previous.type, tokenizer.previous().type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(previous.text, tokenizer.previous().text);
+    EXPECT_EQ(previous.line, tokenizer.previous().line);
+    EXPECT_EQ(previous.column, tokenizer.previous().column);
+    EXPECT_EQ(previous.end_column, tokenizer.previous().end_column);
+
+    // Check that the token matches the expected one.
+    EXPECT_EQ(token.type, tokenizer.current().type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(token.text, tokenizer.current().text);
+    EXPECT_EQ(token.line, tokenizer.current().line);
+    EXPECT_EQ(token.column, tokenizer.current().column);
+    EXPECT_EQ(token.end_column, tokenizer.current().end_column);
+
+  } while (token.type != Tokenizer::TYPE_END);
+
+  // There should be no errors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(error_collector.text_.empty());
+}
+
+// This test causes gcc 3.3.5 (and earlier?) to give the cryptic error:
+//   "sorry, unimplemented: `method_call_expr' not supported by dump_expr"
+#if !defined(__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ > 3)
+
+TEST_1D(TokenizerTest, ShCommentStyle, kBlockSizes) {
+  // Test the "comment_style" option.
+
+  const char* text =
+      "foo # bar\n"
+      "baz // qux\n"
+      "corge /* grault */\n"
+      "garply";
+  const char* const kTokens[] = {"foo",  // "# bar" is ignored
+                                 "baz", "/",      "/", "qux", "corge", "/",
+                                 "*",   "grault", "*", "/",   "garply"};
+
+  // Set up the tokenizer.
+  TestInputStream input(text, strlen(text), kBlockSizes_case);
+  TestErrorCollector error_collector;
+  Tokenizer tokenizer(&input, &error_collector);
+  tokenizer.set_comment_style(Tokenizer::SH_COMMENT_STYLE);
+
+  // Advance through tokens and check that they are parsed as expected.
+  for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(kTokens); i++) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(tokenizer.Next());
+    EXPECT_EQ(tokenizer.current().text, kTokens[i]);
+  }
+
+  // There should be no more input.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tokenizer.Next());
+  // There should be no errors.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(error_collector.text_.empty());
+}
+
+#endif
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// In each case, the input is expected to have two tokens named "prev" and
+// "next" with comments in between.
+struct DocCommentCase {
+  std::string input;
+
+  const char* prev_trailing_comments;
+  const char* detached_comments[10];
+  const char* next_leading_comments;
+};
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
+                                const DocCommentCase& test_case) {
+  return out << CEscape(test_case.input);
+}
+
+DocCommentCase kDocCommentCases[] = {
+    {"prev next",
+
+     "",
+     {},
+     ""},
+
+    {"prev /* ignored */ next",
+
+     "",
+     {},
+     ""},
+
+    {"prev // trailing comment\n"
+     "next",
+
+     " trailing comment\n",
+     {},
+     ""},
+
+    {"prev\n"
+     "// leading comment\n"
+     "// line 2\n"
+     "next",
+
+     "",
+     {},
+     " leading comment\n"
+     " line 2\n"},
+
+    {"prev\n"
+     "// trailing comment\n"
+     "// line 2\n"
+     "\n"
+     "next",
+
+     " trailing comment\n"
+     " line 2\n",
+     {},
+     ""},
+
+    {"prev // trailing comment\n"
+     "// leading comment\n"
+     "// line 2\n"
+     "next",
+
+     " trailing comment\n",
+     {},
+     " leading comment\n"
+     " line 2\n"},
+
+    {"prev /* trailing block comment */\n"
+     "/* leading block comment\n"
+     " * line 2\n"
+     " * line 3 */"
+     "next",
+
+     " trailing block comment ",
+     {},
+     " leading block comment\n"
+     " line 2\n"
+     " line 3 "},
+
+    {"prev\n"
+     "/* trailing block comment\n"
+     " * line 2\n"
+     " * line 3\n"
+     " */\n"
+     "/* leading block comment\n"
+     " * line 2\n"
+     " * line 3 */"
+     "next",
+
+     " trailing block comment\n"
+     " line 2\n"
+     " line 3\n",
+     {},
+     " leading block comment\n"
+     " line 2\n"
+     " line 3 "},
+
+    {"prev\n"
+     "// trailing comment\n"
+     "\n"
+     "// detached comment\n"
+     "// line 2\n"
+     "\n"
+     "// second detached comment\n"
+     "/* third detached comment\n"
+     " * line 2 */\n"
+     "// leading comment\n"
+     "next",
+
+     " trailing comment\n",
+     {" detached comment\n"
+      " line 2\n",
+      " second detached comment\n",
+      " third detached comment\n"
+      " line 2 "},
+     " leading comment\n"},
+
+    {"prev /**/\n"
+     "\n"
+     "// detached comment\n"
+     "\n"
+     "// leading comment\n"
+     "next",
+
+     "",
+     {" detached comment\n"},
+     " leading comment\n"},
+
+    {"prev /**/\n"
+     "// leading comment\n"
+     "next",
+
+     "",
+     {},
+     " leading comment\n"},
+};
+
+TEST_2D(TokenizerTest, DocComments, kDocCommentCases, kBlockSizes) {
+  // Set up the tokenizer.
+  TestInputStream input(kDocCommentCases_case.input.data(),
+                        kDocCommentCases_case.input.size(), kBlockSizes_case);
+  TestErrorCollector error_collector;
+  Tokenizer tokenizer(&input, &error_collector);
+
+  // Set up a second tokenizer where we'll pass all NULLs to NextWithComments().
+  TestInputStream input2(kDocCommentCases_case.input.data(),
+                         kDocCommentCases_case.input.size(), kBlockSizes_case);
+  Tokenizer tokenizer2(&input2, &error_collector);
+
+  tokenizer.Next();
+  tokenizer2.Next();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("prev", tokenizer.current().text);
+  EXPECT_EQ("prev", tokenizer2.current().text);
+
+  std::string prev_trailing_comments;
+  std::vector<std::string> detached_comments;
+  std::string next_leading_comments;
+  tokenizer.NextWithComments(&prev_trailing_comments, &detached_comments,
+                             &next_leading_comments);
+  tokenizer2.NextWithComments(NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ("next", tokenizer.current().text);
+  EXPECT_EQ("next", tokenizer2.current().text);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(kDocCommentCases_case.prev_trailing_comments,
+            prev_trailing_comments);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < detached_comments.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_LT(i, GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(kDocCommentCases));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(kDocCommentCases_case.detached_comments[i] != NULL);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kDocCommentCases_case.detached_comments[i], detached_comments[i]);
+  }
+
+  // Verify that we matched all the detached comments.
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL,
+            kDocCommentCases_case.detached_comments[detached_comments.size()]);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(kDocCommentCases_case.next_leading_comments, next_leading_comments);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Test parse helpers.  It's not really worth setting up a full data-driven
+// test here.
+TEST_F(TokenizerTest, ParseInteger) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, ParseInteger("0"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, ParseInteger("123"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xabcdef12u, ParseInteger("0xabcdef12"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xabcdef12u, ParseInteger("0xABCDEF12"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kuint64max, ParseInteger("0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(01234567, ParseInteger("01234567"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0X123, ParseInteger("0X123"));
+
+  // Test invalid integers that may still be tokenized as integers.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, ParseInteger("0x"));
+
+  uint64 i;
+
+  // Test invalid integers that will never be tokenized as integers.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Tokenizer::ParseInteger("zxy", kuint64max, &i));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Tokenizer::ParseInteger("1.2", kuint64max, &i));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Tokenizer::ParseInteger("08", kuint64max, &i));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Tokenizer::ParseInteger("0xg", kuint64max, &i));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Tokenizer::ParseInteger("-1", kuint64max, &i));
+
+  // Test overflows.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Tokenizer::ParseInteger("0", 0, &i));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Tokenizer::ParseInteger("1", 0, &i));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Tokenizer::ParseInteger("1", 1, &i));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Tokenizer::ParseInteger("12345", 12345, &i));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Tokenizer::ParseInteger("12346", 12345, &i));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Tokenizer::ParseInteger("0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF", kuint64max, &i));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Tokenizer::ParseInteger("0x10000000000000000", kuint64max, &i));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TokenizerTest, ParseFloat) {
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1."));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1e3, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1e3"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1e3, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1E3"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.5e3, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1.5e3"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(.1, Tokenizer::ParseFloat(".1"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(.25, Tokenizer::ParseFloat(".25"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(.1e3, Tokenizer::ParseFloat(".1e3"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(.25e3, Tokenizer::ParseFloat(".25e3"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(.1e+3, Tokenizer::ParseFloat(".1e+3"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(.1e-3, Tokenizer::ParseFloat(".1e-3"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(5, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("5"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(6e-12, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("6e-12"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.2, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1.2"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.e2, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1.e2"));
+
+  // Test invalid integers that may still be tokenized as integers.
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1e"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1e-"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1.e"));
+
+  // Test 'f' suffix.
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1f"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1.0f"));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1F"));
+
+  // These should parse successfully even though they are out of range.
+  // Overflows become infinity and underflows become zero.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0.0, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1e-9999999999999999999999999999"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(HUGE_VAL, Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1e+9999999999999999999999999999"));
+
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST  // death tests do not work on Windows yet
+  // Test invalid integers that will never be tokenized as integers.
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(
+      Tokenizer::ParseFloat("zxy"),
+      "passed text that could not have been tokenized as a float");
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(
+      Tokenizer::ParseFloat("1-e0"),
+      "passed text that could not have been tokenized as a float");
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(
+      Tokenizer::ParseFloat("-1.0"),
+      "passed text that could not have been tokenized as a float");
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+}
+
+TEST_F(TokenizerTest, ParseString) {
+  std::string output;
+  Tokenizer::ParseString("'hello'", &output);
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", output);
+  Tokenizer::ParseString("\"blah\\nblah2\"", &output);
+  EXPECT_EQ("blah\nblah2", output);
+  Tokenizer::ParseString("'\\1x\\1\\123\\739\\52\\334n\\3'", &output);
+  EXPECT_EQ("\1x\1\123\739\52\334n\3", output);
+  Tokenizer::ParseString("'\\x20\\x4'", &output);
+  EXPECT_EQ("\x20\x4", output);
+
+  // Test invalid strings that may still be tokenized as strings.
+  Tokenizer::ParseString("\"\\a\\l\\v\\t", &output);  // \l is invalid
+  EXPECT_EQ("\a?\v\t", output);
+  Tokenizer::ParseString("'", &output);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", output);
+  Tokenizer::ParseString("'\\", &output);
+  EXPECT_EQ("\\", output);
+
+  // Experiment with Unicode escapes. Here are one-, two- and three-byte Unicode
+  // characters.
+  Tokenizer::ParseString("'\\u0024\\u00a2\\u20ac\\U00024b62XX'", &output);
+  EXPECT_EQ("$¢€𤭢XX", output);
+  // Same thing encoded using UTF16.
+  Tokenizer::ParseString("'\\u0024\\u00a2\\u20ac\\ud852\\udf62XX'", &output);
+  EXPECT_EQ("$¢€𤭢XX", output);
+  // Here's some broken UTF16; there's a head surrogate with no tail surrogate.
+  // We just output this as if it were UTF8; it's not a defined code point, but
+  // it has a defined encoding.
+  Tokenizer::ParseString("'\\ud852XX'", &output);
+  EXPECT_EQ("\xed\xa1\x92XX", output);
+  // Malformed escape: Demons may fly out of the nose.
+  Tokenizer::ParseString("\\u0", &output);
+  EXPECT_EQ("u0", output);
+
+  // Test invalid strings that will never be tokenized as strings.
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST  // death tests do not work on Windows yet
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(
+      Tokenizer::ParseString("", &output),
+      "passed text that could not have been tokenized as a string");
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+}
+
+TEST_F(TokenizerTest, ParseStringAppend) {
+  // Check that ParseString and ParseStringAppend differ.
+  std::string output("stuff+");
+  Tokenizer::ParseStringAppend("'hello'", &output);
+  EXPECT_EQ("stuff+hello", output);
+  Tokenizer::ParseString("'hello'", &output);
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", output);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Each case parses some input text, ignoring the tokens produced, and
+// checks that the error output matches what is expected.
+struct ErrorCase {
+  std::string input;
+  bool recoverable;  // True if the tokenizer should be able to recover and
+                     // parse more tokens after seeing this error.  Cases
+                     // for which this is true must end with "foo" as
+                     // the last token, which the test will check for.
+  const char* errors;
+};
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const ErrorCase& test_case) {
+  return out << CEscape(test_case.input);
+}
+
+ErrorCase kErrorCases[] = {
+    // String errors.
+    {"'\\l' foo", true, "0:2: Invalid escape sequence in string literal.\n"},
+    {"'\\X' foo", true, "0:2: Invalid escape sequence in string literal.\n"},
+    {"'\\x' foo", true, "0:3: Expected hex digits for escape sequence.\n"},
+    {"'foo", false, "0:4: Unexpected end of string.\n"},
+    {"'bar\nfoo", true, "0:4: String literals cannot cross line boundaries.\n"},
+    {"'\\u01' foo", true,
+     "0:5: Expected four hex digits for \\u escape sequence.\n"},
+    {"'\\u01' foo", true,
+     "0:5: Expected four hex digits for \\u escape sequence.\n"},
+    {"'\\uXYZ' foo", true,
+     "0:3: Expected four hex digits for \\u escape sequence.\n"},
+
+    // Integer errors.
+    {"123foo", true, "0:3: Need space between number and identifier.\n"},
+
+    // Hex/octal errors.
+    {"0x foo", true, "0:2: \"0x\" must be followed by hex digits.\n"},
+    {"0541823 foo", true,
+     "0:4: Numbers starting with leading zero must be in octal.\n"},
+    {"0x123z foo", true, "0:5: Need space between number and identifier.\n"},
+    {"0x123.4 foo", true, "0:5: Hex and octal numbers must be integers.\n"},
+    {"0123.4 foo", true, "0:4: Hex and octal numbers must be integers.\n"},
+
+    // Float errors.
+    {"1e foo", true, "0:2: \"e\" must be followed by exponent.\n"},
+    {"1e- foo", true, "0:3: \"e\" must be followed by exponent.\n"},
+    {"1.2.3 foo", true,
+     "0:3: Already saw decimal point or exponent; can't have another one.\n"},
+    {"1e2.3 foo", true,
+     "0:3: Already saw decimal point or exponent; can't have another one.\n"},
+    {"a.1 foo", true,
+     "0:1: Need space between identifier and decimal point.\n"},
+    // allow_f_after_float not enabled, so this should be an error.
+    {"1.0f foo", true, "0:3: Need space between number and identifier.\n"},
+
+    // Block comment errors.
+    {"/*", false,
+     "0:2: End-of-file inside block comment.\n"
+     "0:0:   Comment started here.\n"},
+    {"/*/*/ foo", true,
+     "0:3: \"/*\" inside block comment.  Block comments cannot be nested.\n"},
+
+    // Control characters.  Multiple consecutive control characters should only
+    // produce one error.
+    {"\b foo", true, "0:0: Invalid control characters encountered in text.\n"},
+    {"\b\b foo", true,
+     "0:0: Invalid control characters encountered in text.\n"},
+
+    // Check that control characters at end of input don't result in an
+    // infinite loop.
+    {"\b", false, "0:0: Invalid control characters encountered in text.\n"},
+
+    // Check recovery from '\0'.  We have to explicitly specify the length of
+    // these strings because otherwise the string constructor will just call
+    // strlen() which will see the first '\0' and think that is the end of the
+    // string.
+    {std::string("\0foo", 4), true,
+     "0:0: Invalid control characters encountered in text.\n"},
+    {std::string("\0\0foo", 5), true,
+     "0:0: Invalid control characters encountered in text.\n"},
+
+    // Check error from high order bits set
+    {"\300foo", true, "0:0: Interpreting non ascii codepoint 192.\n"},
+};
+
+TEST_2D(TokenizerTest, Errors, kErrorCases, kBlockSizes) {
+  // Set up the tokenizer.
+  TestInputStream input(kErrorCases_case.input.data(),
+                        kErrorCases_case.input.size(), kBlockSizes_case);
+  TestErrorCollector error_collector;
+  Tokenizer tokenizer(&input, &error_collector);
+
+  // Ignore all input, except remember if the last token was "foo".
+  bool last_was_foo = false;
+  while (tokenizer.Next()) {
+    last_was_foo = tokenizer.current().text == "foo";
+  }
+
+  // Check that the errors match what was expected.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kErrorCases_case.errors, error_collector.text_);
+
+  // If the error was recoverable, make sure we saw "foo" after it.
+  if (kErrorCases_case.recoverable) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(last_was_foo);
+  }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST_1D(TokenizerTest, BackUpOnDestruction, kBlockSizes) {
+  std::string text = "foo bar";
+  TestInputStream input(text.data(), text.size(), kBlockSizes_case);
+
+  // Create a tokenizer, read one token, then destroy it.
+  {
+    TestErrorCollector error_collector;
+    Tokenizer tokenizer(&input, &error_collector);
+
+    tokenizer.Next();
+  }
+
+  // Only "foo" should have been read.
+  EXPECT_EQ(strlen("foo"), input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f81555e55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+
+bool ZeroCopyOutputStream::WriteAliasedRaw(const void* /* data */,
+                                           int /* size */) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "This ZeroCopyOutputStream doesn't support aliasing. "
+                "Reaching here usually means a ZeroCopyOutputStream "
+                "implementation bug.";
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3bd6daed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file contains the ZeroCopyInputStream and ZeroCopyOutputStream
+// interfaces, which represent abstract I/O streams to and from which
+// protocol buffers can be read and written.  For a few simple
+// implementations of these interfaces, see zero_copy_stream_impl.h.
+//
+// These interfaces are different from classic I/O streams in that they
+// try to minimize the amount of data copying that needs to be done.
+// To accomplish this, responsibility for allocating buffers is moved to
+// the stream object, rather than being the responsibility of the caller.
+// So, the stream can return a buffer which actually points directly into
+// the final data structure where the bytes are to be stored, and the caller
+// can interact directly with that buffer, eliminating an intermediate copy
+// operation.
+//
+// As an example, consider the common case in which you are reading bytes
+// from an array that is already in memory (or perhaps an mmap()ed file).
+// With classic I/O streams, you would do something like:
+//   char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
+//   input->Read(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
+//   DoSomething(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
+// Then, the stream basically just calls memcpy() to copy the data from
+// the array into your buffer.  With a ZeroCopyInputStream, you would do
+// this instead:
+//   const void* buffer;
+//   int size;
+//   input->Next(&buffer, &size);
+//   DoSomething(buffer, size);
+// Here, no copy is performed.  The input stream returns a pointer directly
+// into the backing array, and the caller ends up reading directly from it.
+//
+// If you want to be able to read the old-fashion way, you can create
+// a CodedInputStream or CodedOutputStream wrapping these objects and use
+// their ReadRaw()/WriteRaw() methods.  These will, of course, add a copy
+// step, but Coded*Stream will handle buffering so at least it will be
+// reasonably efficient.
+//
+// ZeroCopyInputStream example:
+//   // Read in a file and print its contents to stdout.
+//   int fd = open("myfile", O_RDONLY);
+//   ZeroCopyInputStream* input = new FileInputStream(fd);
+//
+//   const void* buffer;
+//   int size;
+//   while (input->Next(&buffer, &size)) {
+//     cout.write(buffer, size);
+//   }
+//
+//   delete input;
+//   close(fd);
+//
+// ZeroCopyOutputStream example:
+//   // Copy the contents of "infile" to "outfile", using plain read() for
+//   // "infile" but a ZeroCopyOutputStream for "outfile".
+//   int infd = open("infile", O_RDONLY);
+//   int outfd = open("outfile", O_WRONLY);
+//   ZeroCopyOutputStream* output = new FileOutputStream(outfd);
+//
+//   void* buffer;
+//   int size;
+//   while (output->Next(&buffer, &size)) {
+//     int bytes = read(infd, buffer, size);
+//     if (bytes < size) {
+//       // Reached EOF.
+//       output->BackUp(size - bytes);
+//       break;
+//     }
+//   }
+//
+//   delete output;
+//   close(infd);
+//   close(outfd);
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_ZERO_COPY_STREAM_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_ZERO_COPY_STREAM_H__
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+// Defined in this file.
+class ZeroCopyInputStream;
+class ZeroCopyOutputStream;
+
+// Abstract interface similar to an input stream but designed to minimize
+// copying.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ZeroCopyInputStream {
+ public:
+  ZeroCopyInputStream() {}
+  virtual ~ZeroCopyInputStream() {}
+
+  // Obtains a chunk of data from the stream.
+  //
+  // Preconditions:
+  // * "size" and "data" are not NULL.
+  //
+  // Postconditions:
+  // * If the returned value is false, there is no more data to return or
+  //   an error occurred.  All errors are permanent.
+  // * Otherwise, "size" points to the actual number of bytes read and "data"
+  //   points to a pointer to a buffer containing these bytes.
+  // * Ownership of this buffer remains with the stream, and the buffer
+  //   remains valid only until some other method of the stream is called
+  //   or the stream is destroyed.
+  // * It is legal for the returned buffer to have zero size, as long
+  //   as repeatedly calling Next() eventually yields a buffer with non-zero
+  //   size.
+  virtual bool Next(const void** data, int* size) = 0;
+
+  // Backs up a number of bytes, so that the next call to Next() returns
+  // data again that was already returned by the last call to Next().  This
+  // is useful when writing procedures that are only supposed to read up
+  // to a certain point in the input, then return.  If Next() returns a
+  // buffer that goes beyond what you wanted to read, you can use BackUp()
+  // to return to the point where you intended to finish.
+  //
+  // Preconditions:
+  // * The last method called must have been Next().
+  // * count must be less than or equal to the size of the last buffer
+  //   returned by Next().
+  //
+  // Postconditions:
+  // * The last "count" bytes of the last buffer returned by Next() will be
+  //   pushed back into the stream.  Subsequent calls to Next() will return
+  //   the same data again before producing new data.
+  virtual void BackUp(int count) = 0;
+
+  // Skips a number of bytes.  Returns false if the end of the stream is
+  // reached or some input error occurred.  In the end-of-stream case, the
+  // stream is advanced to the end of the stream (so ByteCount() will return
+  // the total size of the stream).
+  virtual bool Skip(int count) = 0;
+
+  // Returns the total number of bytes read since this object was created.
+  virtual int64_t ByteCount() const = 0;
+
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ZeroCopyInputStream);
+};
+
+// Abstract interface similar to an output stream but designed to minimize
+// copying.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ZeroCopyOutputStream {
+ public:
+  ZeroCopyOutputStream() {}
+  virtual ~ZeroCopyOutputStream() {}
+
+  // Obtains a buffer into which data can be written.  Any data written
+  // into this buffer will eventually (maybe instantly, maybe later on)
+  // be written to the output.
+  //
+  // Preconditions:
+  // * "size" and "data" are not NULL.
+  //
+  // Postconditions:
+  // * If the returned value is false, an error occurred.  All errors are
+  //   permanent.
+  // * Otherwise, "size" points to the actual number of bytes in the buffer
+  //   and "data" points to the buffer.
+  // * Ownership of this buffer remains with the stream, and the buffer
+  //   remains valid only until some other method of the stream is called
+  //   or the stream is destroyed.
+  // * Any data which the caller stores in this buffer will eventually be
+  //   written to the output (unless BackUp() is called).
+  // * It is legal for the returned buffer to have zero size, as long
+  //   as repeatedly calling Next() eventually yields a buffer with non-zero
+  //   size.
+  virtual bool Next(void** data, int* size) = 0;
+
+  // Backs up a number of bytes, so that the end of the last buffer returned
+  // by Next() is not actually written.  This is needed when you finish
+  // writing all the data you want to write, but the last buffer was bigger
+  // than you needed.  You don't want to write a bunch of garbage after the
+  // end of your data, so you use BackUp() to back up.
+  //
+  // Preconditions:
+  // * The last method called must have been Next().
+  // * count must be less than or equal to the size of the last buffer
+  //   returned by Next().
+  // * The caller must not have written anything to the last "count" bytes
+  //   of that buffer.
+  //
+  // Postconditions:
+  // * The last "count" bytes of the last buffer returned by Next() will be
+  //   ignored.
+  virtual void BackUp(int count) = 0;
+
+  // Returns the total number of bytes written since this object was created.
+  virtual int64_t ByteCount() const = 0;
+
+  // Write a given chunk of data to the output.  Some output streams may
+  // implement this in a way that avoids copying. Check AllowsAliasing() before
+  // calling WriteAliasedRaw(). It will GOOGLE_CHECK fail if WriteAliasedRaw() is
+  // called on a stream that does not allow aliasing.
+  //
+  // NOTE: It is caller's responsibility to ensure that the chunk of memory
+  // remains live until all of the data has been consumed from the stream.
+  virtual bool WriteAliasedRaw(const void* data, int size);
+  virtual bool AllowsAliasing() const { return false; }
+
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ZeroCopyOutputStream);
+};
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_ZERO_COPY_STREAM_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b1bf802e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// Win32 lseek is broken:  If invoked on a non-seekable file descriptor, its
+// return value is undefined.  We re-define it to always produce an error.
+#define lseek(fd, offset, origin) ((off_t)-1)
+// DO NOT include <io.h>, instead create functions in io_win32.{h,cc} and import
+// them like we do below.
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::access;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::close;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::open;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::read;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::write;
+#endif
+
+namespace {
+
+// EINTR sucks.
+int close_no_eintr(int fd) {
+  int result;
+  do {
+    result = close(fd);
+  } while (result < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+FileInputStream::FileInputStream(int file_descriptor, int block_size)
+    : copying_input_(file_descriptor), impl_(&copying_input_, block_size) {}
+
+bool FileInputStream::Close() { return copying_input_.Close(); }
+
+bool FileInputStream::Next(const void** data, int* size) {
+  return impl_.Next(data, size);
+}
+
+void FileInputStream::BackUp(int count) { impl_.BackUp(count); }
+
+bool FileInputStream::Skip(int count) { return impl_.Skip(count); }
+
+int64_t FileInputStream::ByteCount() const { return impl_.ByteCount(); }
+
+FileInputStream::CopyingFileInputStream::CopyingFileInputStream(
+    int file_descriptor)
+    : file_(file_descriptor),
+      close_on_delete_(false),
+      is_closed_(false),
+      errno_(0),
+      previous_seek_failed_(false) {}
+
+FileInputStream::CopyingFileInputStream::~CopyingFileInputStream() {
+  if (close_on_delete_) {
+    if (!Close()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "close() failed: " << strerror(errno_);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool FileInputStream::CopyingFileInputStream::Close() {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!is_closed_);
+
+  is_closed_ = true;
+  if (close_no_eintr(file_) != 0) {
+    // The docs on close() do not specify whether a file descriptor is still
+    // open after close() fails with EIO.  However, the glibc source code
+    // seems to indicate that it is not.
+    errno_ = errno;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+int FileInputStream::CopyingFileInputStream::Read(void* buffer, int size) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!is_closed_);
+
+  int result;
+  do {
+    result = read(file_, buffer, size);
+  } while (result < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+
+  if (result < 0) {
+    // Read error (not EOF).
+    errno_ = errno;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+int FileInputStream::CopyingFileInputStream::Skip(int count) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!is_closed_);
+
+  if (!previous_seek_failed_ && lseek(file_, count, SEEK_CUR) != (off_t)-1) {
+    // Seek succeeded.
+    return count;
+  } else {
+    // Failed to seek.
+
+    // Note to self:  Don't seek again.  This file descriptor doesn't
+    // support it.
+    previous_seek_failed_ = true;
+
+    // Use the default implementation.
+    return CopyingInputStream::Skip(count);
+  }
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+FileOutputStream::FileOutputStream(int file_descriptor, int block_size)
+    : copying_output_(file_descriptor), impl_(&copying_output_, block_size) {}
+
+FileOutputStream::~FileOutputStream() { impl_.Flush(); }
+
+bool FileOutputStream::Close() {
+  bool flush_succeeded = impl_.Flush();
+  return copying_output_.Close() && flush_succeeded;
+}
+
+bool FileOutputStream::Flush() { return impl_.Flush(); }
+
+bool FileOutputStream::Next(void** data, int* size) {
+  return impl_.Next(data, size);
+}
+
+void FileOutputStream::BackUp(int count) { impl_.BackUp(count); }
+
+int64_t FileOutputStream::ByteCount() const { return impl_.ByteCount(); }
+
+FileOutputStream::CopyingFileOutputStream::CopyingFileOutputStream(
+    int file_descriptor)
+    : file_(file_descriptor),
+      close_on_delete_(false),
+      is_closed_(false),
+      errno_(0) {}
+
+FileOutputStream::CopyingFileOutputStream::~CopyingFileOutputStream() {
+  if (close_on_delete_) {
+    if (!Close()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "close() failed: " << strerror(errno_);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool FileOutputStream::CopyingFileOutputStream::Close() {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!is_closed_);
+
+  is_closed_ = true;
+  if (close_no_eintr(file_) != 0) {
+    // The docs on close() do not specify whether a file descriptor is still
+    // open after close() fails with EIO.  However, the glibc source code
+    // seems to indicate that it is not.
+    errno_ = errno;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool FileOutputStream::CopyingFileOutputStream::Write(const void* buffer,
+                                                      int size) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!is_closed_);
+  int total_written = 0;
+
+  const uint8* buffer_base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(buffer);
+
+  while (total_written < size) {
+    int bytes;
+    do {
+      bytes = write(file_, buffer_base + total_written, size - total_written);
+    } while (bytes < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+
+    if (bytes <= 0) {
+      // Write error.
+
+      // FIXME(kenton):  According to the man page, if write() returns zero,
+      //   there was no error; write() simply did not write anything.  It's
+      //   unclear under what circumstances this might happen, but presumably
+      //   errno won't be set in this case.  I am confused as to how such an
+      //   event should be handled.  For now I'm treating it as an error, since
+      //   retrying seems like it could lead to an infinite loop.  I suspect
+      //   this never actually happens anyway.
+
+      if (bytes < 0) {
+        errno_ = errno;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+    total_written += bytes;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+IstreamInputStream::IstreamInputStream(std::istream* input, int block_size)
+    : copying_input_(input), impl_(&copying_input_, block_size) {}
+
+bool IstreamInputStream::Next(const void** data, int* size) {
+  return impl_.Next(data, size);
+}
+
+void IstreamInputStream::BackUp(int count) { impl_.BackUp(count); }
+
+bool IstreamInputStream::Skip(int count) { return impl_.Skip(count); }
+
+int64_t IstreamInputStream::ByteCount() const { return impl_.ByteCount(); }
+
+IstreamInputStream::CopyingIstreamInputStream::CopyingIstreamInputStream(
+    std::istream* input)
+    : input_(input) {}
+
+IstreamInputStream::CopyingIstreamInputStream::~CopyingIstreamInputStream() {}
+
+int IstreamInputStream::CopyingIstreamInputStream::Read(void* buffer,
+                                                        int size) {
+  input_->read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(buffer), size);
+  int result = input_->gcount();
+  if (result == 0 && input_->fail() && !input_->eof()) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+OstreamOutputStream::OstreamOutputStream(std::ostream* output, int block_size)
+    : copying_output_(output), impl_(&copying_output_, block_size) {}
+
+OstreamOutputStream::~OstreamOutputStream() { impl_.Flush(); }
+
+bool OstreamOutputStream::Next(void** data, int* size) {
+  return impl_.Next(data, size);
+}
+
+void OstreamOutputStream::BackUp(int count) { impl_.BackUp(count); }
+
+int64_t OstreamOutputStream::ByteCount() const { return impl_.ByteCount(); }
+
+OstreamOutputStream::CopyingOstreamOutputStream::CopyingOstreamOutputStream(
+    std::ostream* output)
+    : output_(output) {}
+
+OstreamOutputStream::CopyingOstreamOutputStream::~CopyingOstreamOutputStream() {
+}
+
+bool OstreamOutputStream::CopyingOstreamOutputStream::Write(const void* buffer,
+                                                            int size) {
+  output_->write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(buffer), size);
+  return output_->good();
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ConcatenatingInputStream::ConcatenatingInputStream(
+    ZeroCopyInputStream* const streams[], int count)
+    : streams_(streams), stream_count_(count), bytes_retired_(0) {
+}
+
+bool ConcatenatingInputStream::Next(const void** data, int* size) {
+  while (stream_count_ > 0) {
+    if (streams_[0]->Next(data, size)) return true;
+
+    // That stream is done.  Advance to the next one.
+    bytes_retired_ += streams_[0]->ByteCount();
+    ++streams_;
+    --stream_count_;
+  }
+
+  // No more streams.
+  return false;
+}
+
+void ConcatenatingInputStream::BackUp(int count) {
+  if (stream_count_ > 0) {
+    streams_[0]->BackUp(count);
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Can't BackUp() after failed Next().";
+  }
+}
+
+bool ConcatenatingInputStream::Skip(int count) {
+  while (stream_count_ > 0) {
+    // Assume that ByteCount() can be used to find out how much we actually
+    // skipped when Skip() fails.
+    int64 target_byte_count = streams_[0]->ByteCount() + count;
+    if (streams_[0]->Skip(count)) return true;
+
+    // Hit the end of the stream.  Figure out how many more bytes we still have
+    // to skip.
+    int64 final_byte_count = streams_[0]->ByteCount();
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(final_byte_count, target_byte_count);
+    count = target_byte_count - final_byte_count;
+
+    // That stream is done.  Advance to the next one.
+    bytes_retired_ += final_byte_count;
+    ++streams_;
+    --stream_count_;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+int64_t ConcatenatingInputStream::ByteCount() const {
+  if (stream_count_ == 0) {
+    return bytes_retired_;
+  } else {
+    return bytes_retired_ + streams_[0]->ByteCount();
+  }
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b23a86d4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file contains common implementations of the interfaces defined in
+// zero_copy_stream.h which are only included in the full (non-lite)
+// protobuf library.  These implementations include Unix file descriptors
+// and C++ iostreams.  See also:  zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_ZERO_COPY_STREAM_IMPL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_ZERO_COPY_STREAM_IMPL_H__
+
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// A ZeroCopyInputStream which reads from a file descriptor.
+//
+// FileInputStream is preferred over using an ifstream with IstreamInputStream.
+// The latter will introduce an extra layer of buffering, harming performance.
+// Also, it's conceivable that FileInputStream could someday be enhanced
+// to use zero-copy file descriptors on OSs which support them.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FileInputStream : public ZeroCopyInputStream {
+ public:
+  // Creates a stream that reads from the given Unix file descriptor.
+  // If a block_size is given, it specifies the number of bytes that
+  // should be read and returned with each call to Next().  Otherwise,
+  // a reasonable default is used.
+  explicit FileInputStream(int file_descriptor, int block_size = -1);
+
+  // Flushes any buffers and closes the underlying file.  Returns false if
+  // an error occurs during the process; use GetErrno() to examine the error.
+  // Even if an error occurs, the file descriptor is closed when this returns.
+  bool Close();
+
+  // By default, the file descriptor is not closed when the stream is
+  // destroyed.  Call SetCloseOnDelete(true) to change that.  WARNING:
+  // This leaves no way for the caller to detect if close() fails.  If
+  // detecting close() errors is important to you, you should arrange
+  // to close the descriptor yourself.
+  void SetCloseOnDelete(bool value) { copying_input_.SetCloseOnDelete(value); }
+
+  // If an I/O error has occurred on this file descriptor, this is the
+  // errno from that error.  Otherwise, this is zero.  Once an error
+  // occurs, the stream is broken and all subsequent operations will
+  // fail.
+  int GetErrno() const { return copying_input_.GetErrno(); }
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyInputStream ----------------------------------
+  bool Next(const void** data, int* size) override;
+  void BackUp(int count) override;
+  bool Skip(int count) override;
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override;
+
+ private:
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT CopyingFileInputStream : public CopyingInputStream {
+   public:
+    CopyingFileInputStream(int file_descriptor);
+    ~CopyingFileInputStream() override;
+
+    bool Close();
+    void SetCloseOnDelete(bool value) { close_on_delete_ = value; }
+    int GetErrno() const { return errno_; }
+
+    // implements CopyingInputStream ---------------------------------
+    int Read(void* buffer, int size) override;
+    int Skip(int count) override;
+
+   private:
+    // The file descriptor.
+    const int file_;
+    bool close_on_delete_;
+    bool is_closed_;
+
+    // The errno of the I/O error, if one has occurred.  Otherwise, zero.
+    int errno_;
+
+    // Did we try to seek once and fail?  If so, we assume this file descriptor
+    // doesn't support seeking and won't try again.
+    bool previous_seek_failed_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CopyingFileInputStream);
+  };
+
+  CopyingFileInputStream copying_input_;
+  CopyingInputStreamAdaptor impl_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FileInputStream);
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// A ZeroCopyOutputStream which writes to a file descriptor.
+//
+// FileOutputStream is preferred over using an ofstream with
+// OstreamOutputStream.  The latter will introduce an extra layer of buffering,
+// harming performance.  Also, it's conceivable that FileOutputStream could
+// someday be enhanced to use zero-copy file descriptors on OSs which
+// support them.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FileOutputStream : public ZeroCopyOutputStream {
+ public:
+  // Creates a stream that writes to the given Unix file descriptor.
+  // If a block_size is given, it specifies the size of the buffers
+  // that should be returned by Next().  Otherwise, a reasonable default
+  // is used.
+  explicit FileOutputStream(int file_descriptor, int block_size = -1);
+  ~FileOutputStream() override;
+
+  // Flushes any buffers and closes the underlying file.  Returns false if
+  // an error occurs during the process; use GetErrno() to examine the error.
+  // Even if an error occurs, the file descriptor is closed when this returns.
+  bool Close();
+
+  // Flushes FileOutputStream's buffers but does not close the
+  // underlying file. No special measures are taken to ensure that
+  // underlying operating system file object is synchronized to disk.
+  bool Flush();
+
+  // By default, the file descriptor is not closed when the stream is
+  // destroyed.  Call SetCloseOnDelete(true) to change that.  WARNING:
+  // This leaves no way for the caller to detect if close() fails.  If
+  // detecting close() errors is important to you, you should arrange
+  // to close the descriptor yourself.
+  void SetCloseOnDelete(bool value) { copying_output_.SetCloseOnDelete(value); }
+
+  // If an I/O error has occurred on this file descriptor, this is the
+  // errno from that error.  Otherwise, this is zero.  Once an error
+  // occurs, the stream is broken and all subsequent operations will
+  // fail.
+  int GetErrno() const { return copying_output_.GetErrno(); }
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyOutputStream ---------------------------------
+  bool Next(void** data, int* size) override;
+  void BackUp(int count) override;
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override;
+
+ private:
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT CopyingFileOutputStream : public CopyingOutputStream {
+   public:
+    CopyingFileOutputStream(int file_descriptor);
+    ~CopyingFileOutputStream() override;
+
+    bool Close();
+    void SetCloseOnDelete(bool value) { close_on_delete_ = value; }
+    int GetErrno() const { return errno_; }
+
+    // implements CopyingOutputStream --------------------------------
+    bool Write(const void* buffer, int size) override;
+
+   private:
+    // The file descriptor.
+    const int file_;
+    bool close_on_delete_;
+    bool is_closed_;
+
+    // The errno of the I/O error, if one has occurred.  Otherwise, zero.
+    int errno_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CopyingFileOutputStream);
+  };
+
+  CopyingFileOutputStream copying_output_;
+  CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor impl_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FileOutputStream);
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// A ZeroCopyInputStream which reads from a C++ istream.
+//
+// Note that for reading files (or anything represented by a file descriptor),
+// FileInputStream is more efficient.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT IstreamInputStream : public ZeroCopyInputStream {
+ public:
+  // Creates a stream that reads from the given C++ istream.
+  // If a block_size is given, it specifies the number of bytes that
+  // should be read and returned with each call to Next().  Otherwise,
+  // a reasonable default is used.
+  explicit IstreamInputStream(std::istream* stream, int block_size = -1);
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyInputStream ----------------------------------
+  bool Next(const void** data, int* size) override;
+  void BackUp(int count) override;
+  bool Skip(int count) override;
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override;
+
+ private:
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT CopyingIstreamInputStream : public CopyingInputStream {
+   public:
+    CopyingIstreamInputStream(std::istream* input);
+    ~CopyingIstreamInputStream() override;
+
+    // implements CopyingInputStream ---------------------------------
+    int Read(void* buffer, int size) override;
+    // (We use the default implementation of Skip().)
+
+   private:
+    // The stream.
+    std::istream* input_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CopyingIstreamInputStream);
+  };
+
+  CopyingIstreamInputStream copying_input_;
+  CopyingInputStreamAdaptor impl_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(IstreamInputStream);
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// A ZeroCopyOutputStream which writes to a C++ ostream.
+//
+// Note that for writing files (or anything represented by a file descriptor),
+// FileOutputStream is more efficient.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT OstreamOutputStream : public ZeroCopyOutputStream {
+ public:
+  // Creates a stream that writes to the given C++ ostream.
+  // If a block_size is given, it specifies the size of the buffers
+  // that should be returned by Next().  Otherwise, a reasonable default
+  // is used.
+  explicit OstreamOutputStream(std::ostream* stream, int block_size = -1);
+  ~OstreamOutputStream() override;
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyOutputStream ---------------------------------
+  bool Next(void** data, int* size) override;
+  void BackUp(int count) override;
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override;
+
+ private:
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT CopyingOstreamOutputStream
+      : public CopyingOutputStream {
+   public:
+    CopyingOstreamOutputStream(std::ostream* output);
+    ~CopyingOstreamOutputStream() override;
+
+    // implements CopyingOutputStream --------------------------------
+    bool Write(const void* buffer, int size) override;
+
+   private:
+    // The stream.
+    std::ostream* output_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CopyingOstreamOutputStream);
+  };
+
+  CopyingOstreamOutputStream copying_output_;
+  CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor impl_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(OstreamOutputStream);
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// A ZeroCopyInputStream which reads from several other streams in sequence.
+// ConcatenatingInputStream is unable to distinguish between end-of-stream
+// and read errors in the underlying streams, so it assumes any errors mean
+// end-of-stream.  So, if the underlying streams fail for any other reason,
+// ConcatenatingInputStream may do odd things.  It is suggested that you do
+// not use ConcatenatingInputStream on streams that might produce read errors
+// other than end-of-stream.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ConcatenatingInputStream : public ZeroCopyInputStream {
+ public:
+  // All streams passed in as well as the array itself must remain valid
+  // until the ConcatenatingInputStream is destroyed.
+  ConcatenatingInputStream(ZeroCopyInputStream* const streams[], int count);
+  ~ConcatenatingInputStream() override = default;
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyInputStream ----------------------------------
+  bool Next(const void** data, int* size) override;
+  void BackUp(int count) override;
+  bool Skip(int count) override;
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override;
+
+
+ private:
+  // As streams are retired, streams_ is incremented and count_ is
+  // decremented.
+  ZeroCopyInputStream* const* streams_;
+  int stream_count_;
+  int64 bytes_retired_;  // Bytes read from previous streams.
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ConcatenatingInputStream);
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_ZERO_COPY_STREAM_IMPL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51cda2a88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Default block size for Copying{In,Out}putStreamAdaptor.
+static const int kDefaultBlockSize = 8192;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ArrayInputStream::ArrayInputStream(const void* data, int size, int block_size)
+    : data_(reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(data)),
+      size_(size),
+      block_size_(block_size > 0 ? block_size : size),
+      position_(0),
+      last_returned_size_(0) {}
+
+bool ArrayInputStream::Next(const void** data, int* size) {
+  if (position_ < size_) {
+    last_returned_size_ = std::min(block_size_, size_ - position_);
+    *data = data_ + position_;
+    *size = last_returned_size_;
+    position_ += last_returned_size_;
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    // We're at the end of the array.
+    last_returned_size_ = 0;  // Don't let caller back up.
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+void ArrayInputStream::BackUp(int count) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GT(last_returned_size_, 0)
+      << "BackUp() can only be called after a successful Next().";
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(count, last_returned_size_);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(count, 0);
+  position_ -= count;
+  last_returned_size_ = 0;  // Don't let caller back up further.
+}
+
+bool ArrayInputStream::Skip(int count) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(count, 0);
+  last_returned_size_ = 0;  // Don't let caller back up.
+  if (count > size_ - position_) {
+    position_ = size_;
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    position_ += count;
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+int64_t ArrayInputStream::ByteCount() const { return position_; }
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ArrayOutputStream::ArrayOutputStream(void* data, int size, int block_size)
+    : data_(reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(data)),
+      size_(size),
+      block_size_(block_size > 0 ? block_size : size),
+      position_(0),
+      last_returned_size_(0) {}
+
+bool ArrayOutputStream::Next(void** data, int* size) {
+  if (position_ < size_) {
+    last_returned_size_ = std::min(block_size_, size_ - position_);
+    *data = data_ + position_;
+    *size = last_returned_size_;
+    position_ += last_returned_size_;
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    // We're at the end of the array.
+    last_returned_size_ = 0;  // Don't let caller back up.
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+void ArrayOutputStream::BackUp(int count) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GT(last_returned_size_, 0)
+      << "BackUp() can only be called after a successful Next().";
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(count, last_returned_size_);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(count, 0);
+  position_ -= count;
+  last_returned_size_ = 0;  // Don't let caller back up further.
+}
+
+int64_t ArrayOutputStream::ByteCount() const { return position_; }
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+StringOutputStream::StringOutputStream(std::string* target) : target_(target) {}
+
+bool StringOutputStream::Next(void** data, int* size) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(target_ != NULL);
+  int old_size = target_->size();
+
+  // Grow the string.
+  if (old_size < target_->capacity()) {
+    // Resize the string to match its capacity, since we can get away
+    // without a memory allocation this way.
+    STLStringResizeUninitialized(target_, target_->capacity());
+  } else {
+    // Size has reached capacity, try to double the size.
+    if (old_size > std::numeric_limits<int>::max() / 2) {
+      // Can not double the size otherwise it is going to cause integer
+      // overflow in the expression below: old_size * 2 ";
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot allocate buffer larger than kint32max for "
+                 << "StringOutputStream.";
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Double the size, also make sure that the new size is at least
+    // kMinimumSize.
+    STLStringResizeUninitialized(
+        target_,
+        std::max(old_size * 2,
+                 kMinimumSize + 0));  // "+ 0" works around GCC4 weirdness.
+  }
+
+  *data = mutable_string_data(target_) + old_size;
+  *size = target_->size() - old_size;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void StringOutputStream::BackUp(int count) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(count, 0);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(target_ != NULL);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(count, target_->size());
+  target_->resize(target_->size() - count);
+}
+
+int64_t StringOutputStream::ByteCount() const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(target_ != NULL);
+  return target_->size();
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+int CopyingInputStream::Skip(int count) {
+  char junk[4096];
+  int skipped = 0;
+  while (skipped < count) {
+    int bytes = Read(junk, std::min(count - skipped,
+                                    implicit_cast<int>(sizeof(junk))));
+    if (bytes <= 0) {
+      // EOF or read error.
+      return skipped;
+    }
+    skipped += bytes;
+  }
+  return skipped;
+}
+
+CopyingInputStreamAdaptor::CopyingInputStreamAdaptor(
+    CopyingInputStream* copying_stream, int block_size)
+    : copying_stream_(copying_stream),
+      owns_copying_stream_(false),
+      failed_(false),
+      position_(0),
+      buffer_size_(block_size > 0 ? block_size : kDefaultBlockSize),
+      buffer_used_(0),
+      backup_bytes_(0) {}
+
+CopyingInputStreamAdaptor::~CopyingInputStreamAdaptor() {
+  if (owns_copying_stream_) {
+    delete copying_stream_;
+  }
+}
+
+bool CopyingInputStreamAdaptor::Next(const void** data, int* size) {
+  if (failed_) {
+    // Already failed on a previous read.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  AllocateBufferIfNeeded();
+
+  if (backup_bytes_ > 0) {
+    // We have data left over from a previous BackUp(), so just return that.
+    *data = buffer_.get() + buffer_used_ - backup_bytes_;
+    *size = backup_bytes_;
+    backup_bytes_ = 0;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Read new data into the buffer.
+  buffer_used_ = copying_stream_->Read(buffer_.get(), buffer_size_);
+  if (buffer_used_ <= 0) {
+    // EOF or read error.  We don't need the buffer anymore.
+    if (buffer_used_ < 0) {
+      // Read error (not EOF).
+      failed_ = true;
+    }
+    FreeBuffer();
+    return false;
+  }
+  position_ += buffer_used_;
+
+  *size = buffer_used_;
+  *data = buffer_.get();
+  return true;
+}
+
+void CopyingInputStreamAdaptor::BackUp(int count) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(backup_bytes_ == 0 && buffer_.get() != NULL)
+      << " BackUp() can only be called after Next().";
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(count, buffer_used_)
+      << " Can't back up over more bytes than were returned by the last call"
+         " to Next().";
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(count, 0) << " Parameter to BackUp() can't be negative.";
+
+  backup_bytes_ = count;
+}
+
+bool CopyingInputStreamAdaptor::Skip(int count) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(count, 0);
+
+  if (failed_) {
+    // Already failed on a previous read.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // First skip any bytes left over from a previous BackUp().
+  if (backup_bytes_ >= count) {
+    // We have more data left over than we're trying to skip.  Just chop it.
+    backup_bytes_ -= count;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  count -= backup_bytes_;
+  backup_bytes_ = 0;
+
+  int skipped = copying_stream_->Skip(count);
+  position_ += skipped;
+  return skipped == count;
+}
+
+int64_t CopyingInputStreamAdaptor::ByteCount() const {
+  return position_ - backup_bytes_;
+}
+
+void CopyingInputStreamAdaptor::AllocateBufferIfNeeded() {
+  if (buffer_.get() == NULL) {
+    buffer_.reset(new uint8[buffer_size_]);
+  }
+}
+
+void CopyingInputStreamAdaptor::FreeBuffer() {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(backup_bytes_, 0);
+  buffer_used_ = 0;
+  buffer_.reset();
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor::CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor(
+    CopyingOutputStream* copying_stream, int block_size)
+    : copying_stream_(copying_stream),
+      owns_copying_stream_(false),
+      failed_(false),
+      position_(0),
+      buffer_size_(block_size > 0 ? block_size : kDefaultBlockSize),
+      buffer_used_(0) {}
+
+CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor::~CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor() {
+  WriteBuffer();
+  if (owns_copying_stream_) {
+    delete copying_stream_;
+  }
+}
+
+bool CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor::Flush() { return WriteBuffer(); }
+
+bool CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor::Next(void** data, int* size) {
+  if (buffer_used_ == buffer_size_) {
+    if (!WriteBuffer()) return false;
+  }
+
+  AllocateBufferIfNeeded();
+
+  *data = buffer_.get() + buffer_used_;
+  *size = buffer_size_ - buffer_used_;
+  buffer_used_ = buffer_size_;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor::BackUp(int count) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(count, 0);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(buffer_used_, buffer_size_)
+      << " BackUp() can only be called after Next().";
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(count, buffer_used_)
+      << " Can't back up over more bytes than were returned by the last call"
+         " to Next().";
+
+  buffer_used_ -= count;
+}
+
+int64_t CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor::ByteCount() const {
+  return position_ + buffer_used_;
+}
+
+bool CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor::WriteBuffer() {
+  if (failed_) {
+    // Already failed on a previous write.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (buffer_used_ == 0) return true;
+
+  if (copying_stream_->Write(buffer_.get(), buffer_used_)) {
+    position_ += buffer_used_;
+    buffer_used_ = 0;
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    failed_ = true;
+    FreeBuffer();
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+void CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor::AllocateBufferIfNeeded() {
+  if (buffer_ == NULL) {
+    buffer_.reset(new uint8[buffer_size_]);
+  }
+}
+
+void CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor::FreeBuffer() {
+  buffer_used_ = 0;
+  buffer_.reset();
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+LimitingInputStream::LimitingInputStream(ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                                         int64 limit)
+    : input_(input), limit_(limit) {
+  prior_bytes_read_ = input_->ByteCount();
+}
+
+LimitingInputStream::~LimitingInputStream() {
+  // If we overshot the limit, back up.
+  if (limit_ < 0) input_->BackUp(-limit_);
+}
+
+bool LimitingInputStream::Next(const void** data, int* size) {
+  if (limit_ <= 0) return false;
+  if (!input_->Next(data, size)) return false;
+
+  limit_ -= *size;
+  if (limit_ < 0) {
+    // We overshot the limit.  Reduce *size to hide the rest of the buffer.
+    *size += limit_;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void LimitingInputStream::BackUp(int count) {
+  if (limit_ < 0) {
+    input_->BackUp(count - limit_);
+    limit_ = count;
+  } else {
+    input_->BackUp(count);
+    limit_ += count;
+  }
+}
+
+bool LimitingInputStream::Skip(int count) {
+  if (count > limit_) {
+    if (limit_ < 0) return false;
+    input_->Skip(limit_);
+    limit_ = 0;
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    if (!input_->Skip(count)) return false;
+    limit_ -= count;
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+int64_t LimitingInputStream::ByteCount() const {
+  if (limit_ < 0) {
+    return input_->ByteCount() + limit_ - prior_bytes_read_;
+  } else {
+    return input_->ByteCount() - prior_bytes_read_;
+  }
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..138b2d3d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file contains common implementations of the interfaces defined in
+// zero_copy_stream.h which are included in the "lite" protobuf library.
+// These implementations cover I/O on raw arrays and strings, as well as
+// adaptors which make it easy to implement streams based on traditional
+// streams.  Of course, many users will probably want to write their own
+// implementations of these interfaces specific to the particular I/O
+// abstractions they prefer to use, but these should cover the most common
+// cases.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_ZERO_COPY_STREAM_IMPL_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_ZERO_COPY_STREAM_IMPL_LITE_H__
+
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// A ZeroCopyInputStream backed by an in-memory array of bytes.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ArrayInputStream : public ZeroCopyInputStream {
+ public:
+  // Create an InputStream that returns the bytes pointed to by "data".
+  // "data" remains the property of the caller but must remain valid until
+  // the stream is destroyed.  If a block_size is given, calls to Next()
+  // will return data blocks no larger than the given size.  Otherwise, the
+  // first call to Next() returns the entire array.  block_size is mainly
+  // useful for testing; in production you would probably never want to set
+  // it.
+  ArrayInputStream(const void* data, int size, int block_size = -1);
+  ~ArrayInputStream() override = default;
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyInputStream ----------------------------------
+  bool Next(const void** data, int* size) override;
+  void BackUp(int count) override;
+  bool Skip(int count) override;
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override;
+
+
+ private:
+  const uint8* const data_;  // The byte array.
+  const int size_;           // Total size of the array.
+  const int block_size_;     // How many bytes to return at a time.
+
+  int position_;
+  int last_returned_size_;  // How many bytes we returned last time Next()
+                            // was called (used for error checking only).
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ArrayInputStream);
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// A ZeroCopyOutputStream backed by an in-memory array of bytes.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ArrayOutputStream : public ZeroCopyOutputStream {
+ public:
+  // Create an OutputStream that writes to the bytes pointed to by "data".
+  // "data" remains the property of the caller but must remain valid until
+  // the stream is destroyed.  If a block_size is given, calls to Next()
+  // will return data blocks no larger than the given size.  Otherwise, the
+  // first call to Next() returns the entire array.  block_size is mainly
+  // useful for testing; in production you would probably never want to set
+  // it.
+  ArrayOutputStream(void* data, int size, int block_size = -1);
+  ~ArrayOutputStream() override = default;
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyOutputStream ---------------------------------
+  bool Next(void** data, int* size) override;
+  void BackUp(int count) override;
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override;
+
+ private:
+  uint8* const data_;     // The byte array.
+  const int size_;        // Total size of the array.
+  const int block_size_;  // How many bytes to return at a time.
+
+  int position_;
+  int last_returned_size_;  // How many bytes we returned last time Next()
+                            // was called (used for error checking only).
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ArrayOutputStream);
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// A ZeroCopyOutputStream which appends bytes to a string.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT StringOutputStream : public ZeroCopyOutputStream {
+ public:
+  // Create a StringOutputStream which appends bytes to the given string.
+  // The string remains property of the caller, but it is mutated in arbitrary
+  // ways and MUST NOT be accessed in any way until you're done with the
+  // stream. Either be sure there's no further usage, or (safest) destroy the
+  // stream before using the contents.
+  //
+  // Hint:  If you call target->reserve(n) before creating the stream,
+  //   the first call to Next() will return at least n bytes of buffer
+  //   space.
+  explicit StringOutputStream(std::string* target);
+  ~StringOutputStream() override = default;
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyOutputStream ---------------------------------
+  bool Next(void** data, int* size) override;
+  void BackUp(int count) override;
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override;
+
+ private:
+  static const int kMinimumSize = 16;
+
+  std::string* target_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(StringOutputStream);
+};
+
+// Note:  There is no StringInputStream.  Instead, just create an
+// ArrayInputStream as follows:
+//   ArrayInputStream input(str.data(), str.size());
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// A generic traditional input stream interface.
+//
+// Lots of traditional input streams (e.g. file descriptors, C stdio
+// streams, and C++ iostreams) expose an interface where every read
+// involves copying bytes into a buffer.  If you want to take such an
+// interface and make a ZeroCopyInputStream based on it, simply implement
+// CopyingInputStream and then use CopyingInputStreamAdaptor.
+//
+// CopyingInputStream implementations should avoid buffering if possible.
+// CopyingInputStreamAdaptor does its own buffering and will read data
+// in large blocks.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT CopyingInputStream {
+ public:
+  virtual ~CopyingInputStream() {}
+
+  // Reads up to "size" bytes into the given buffer.  Returns the number of
+  // bytes read.  Read() waits until at least one byte is available, or
+  // returns zero if no bytes will ever become available (EOF), or -1 if a
+  // permanent read error occurred.
+  virtual int Read(void* buffer, int size) = 0;
+
+  // Skips the next "count" bytes of input.  Returns the number of bytes
+  // actually skipped.  This will always be exactly equal to "count" unless
+  // EOF was reached or a permanent read error occurred.
+  //
+  // The default implementation just repeatedly calls Read() into a scratch
+  // buffer.
+  virtual int Skip(int count);
+};
+
+// A ZeroCopyInputStream which reads from a CopyingInputStream.  This is
+// useful for implementing ZeroCopyInputStreams that read from traditional
+// streams.  Note that this class is not really zero-copy.
+//
+// If you want to read from file descriptors or C++ istreams, this is
+// already implemented for you:  use FileInputStream or IstreamInputStream
+// respectively.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT CopyingInputStreamAdaptor : public ZeroCopyInputStream {
+ public:
+  // Creates a stream that reads from the given CopyingInputStream.
+  // If a block_size is given, it specifies the number of bytes that
+  // should be read and returned with each call to Next().  Otherwise,
+  // a reasonable default is used.  The caller retains ownership of
+  // copying_stream unless SetOwnsCopyingStream(true) is called.
+  explicit CopyingInputStreamAdaptor(CopyingInputStream* copying_stream,
+                                     int block_size = -1);
+  ~CopyingInputStreamAdaptor() override;
+
+  // Call SetOwnsCopyingStream(true) to tell the CopyingInputStreamAdaptor to
+  // delete the underlying CopyingInputStream when it is destroyed.
+  void SetOwnsCopyingStream(bool value) { owns_copying_stream_ = value; }
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyInputStream ----------------------------------
+  bool Next(const void** data, int* size) override;
+  void BackUp(int count) override;
+  bool Skip(int count) override;
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override;
+
+ private:
+  // Insures that buffer_ is not NULL.
+  void AllocateBufferIfNeeded();
+  // Frees the buffer and resets buffer_used_.
+  void FreeBuffer();
+
+  // The underlying copying stream.
+  CopyingInputStream* copying_stream_;
+  bool owns_copying_stream_;
+
+  // True if we have seen a permenant error from the underlying stream.
+  bool failed_;
+
+  // The current position of copying_stream_, relative to the point where
+  // we started reading.
+  int64 position_;
+
+  // Data is read into this buffer.  It may be NULL if no buffer is currently
+  // in use.  Otherwise, it points to an array of size buffer_size_.
+  std::unique_ptr<uint8[]> buffer_;
+  const int buffer_size_;
+
+  // Number of valid bytes currently in the buffer (i.e. the size last
+  // returned by Next()).  0 <= buffer_used_ <= buffer_size_.
+  int buffer_used_;
+
+  // Number of bytes in the buffer which were backed up over by a call to
+  // BackUp().  These need to be returned again.
+  // 0 <= backup_bytes_ <= buffer_used_
+  int backup_bytes_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CopyingInputStreamAdaptor);
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// A generic traditional output stream interface.
+//
+// Lots of traditional output streams (e.g. file descriptors, C stdio
+// streams, and C++ iostreams) expose an interface where every write
+// involves copying bytes from a buffer.  If you want to take such an
+// interface and make a ZeroCopyOutputStream based on it, simply implement
+// CopyingOutputStream and then use CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor.
+//
+// CopyingOutputStream implementations should avoid buffering if possible.
+// CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor does its own buffering and will write data
+// in large blocks.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT CopyingOutputStream {
+ public:
+  virtual ~CopyingOutputStream() {}
+
+  // Writes "size" bytes from the given buffer to the output.  Returns true
+  // if successful, false on a write error.
+  virtual bool Write(const void* buffer, int size) = 0;
+};
+
+// A ZeroCopyOutputStream which writes to a CopyingOutputStream.  This is
+// useful for implementing ZeroCopyOutputStreams that write to traditional
+// streams.  Note that this class is not really zero-copy.
+//
+// If you want to write to file descriptors or C++ ostreams, this is
+// already implemented for you:  use FileOutputStream or OstreamOutputStream
+// respectively.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor : public ZeroCopyOutputStream {
+ public:
+  // Creates a stream that writes to the given Unix file descriptor.
+  // If a block_size is given, it specifies the size of the buffers
+  // that should be returned by Next().  Otherwise, a reasonable default
+  // is used.
+  explicit CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor(CopyingOutputStream* copying_stream,
+                                      int block_size = -1);
+  ~CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor() override;
+
+  // Writes all pending data to the underlying stream.  Returns false if a
+  // write error occurred on the underlying stream.  (The underlying
+  // stream itself is not necessarily flushed.)
+  bool Flush();
+
+  // Call SetOwnsCopyingStream(true) to tell the CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor to
+  // delete the underlying CopyingOutputStream when it is destroyed.
+  void SetOwnsCopyingStream(bool value) { owns_copying_stream_ = value; }
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyOutputStream ---------------------------------
+  bool Next(void** data, int* size) override;
+  void BackUp(int count) override;
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override;
+
+ private:
+  // Write the current buffer, if it is present.
+  bool WriteBuffer();
+  // Insures that buffer_ is not NULL.
+  void AllocateBufferIfNeeded();
+  // Frees the buffer.
+  void FreeBuffer();
+
+  // The underlying copying stream.
+  CopyingOutputStream* copying_stream_;
+  bool owns_copying_stream_;
+
+  // True if we have seen a permenant error from the underlying stream.
+  bool failed_;
+
+  // The current position of copying_stream_, relative to the point where
+  // we started writing.
+  int64 position_;
+
+  // Data is written from this buffer.  It may be NULL if no buffer is
+  // currently in use.  Otherwise, it points to an array of size buffer_size_.
+  std::unique_ptr<uint8[]> buffer_;
+  const int buffer_size_;
+
+  // Number of valid bytes currently in the buffer (i.e. the size last
+  // returned by Next()).  When BackUp() is called, we just reduce this.
+  // 0 <= buffer_used_ <= buffer_size_.
+  int buffer_used_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CopyingOutputStreamAdaptor);
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// A ZeroCopyInputStream which wraps some other stream and limits it to
+// a particular byte count.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT LimitingInputStream : public ZeroCopyInputStream {
+ public:
+  LimitingInputStream(ZeroCopyInputStream* input, int64 limit);
+  ~LimitingInputStream() override;
+
+  // implements ZeroCopyInputStream ----------------------------------
+  bool Next(const void** data, int* size) override;
+  void BackUp(int count) override;
+  bool Skip(int count) override;
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override;
+
+
+ private:
+  ZeroCopyInputStream* input_;
+  int64 limit_;  // Decreases as we go, becomes negative if we overshoot.
+  int64 prior_bytes_read_;  // Bytes read on underlying stream at construction
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(LimitingInputStream);
+};
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// mutable_string_data() and as_string_data() are workarounds to improve
+// the performance of writing new data to an existing string.  Unfortunately
+// the methods provided by the string class are suboptimal, and using memcpy()
+// is mildly annoying because it requires its pointer args to be non-NULL even
+// if we ask it to copy 0 bytes.  Furthermore, string_as_array() has the
+// property that it always returns NULL if its arg is the empty string, exactly
+// what we want to avoid if we're using it in conjunction with memcpy()!
+// With C++11, the desired memcpy() boils down to memcpy(..., &(*s)[0], size),
+// where s is a string*.  Without C++11, &(*s)[0] is not guaranteed to be safe,
+// so we use string_as_array(), and live with the extra logic that tests whether
+// *s is empty.
+
+// Return a pointer to mutable characters underlying the given string.  The
+// return value is valid until the next time the string is resized.  We
+// trust the caller to treat the return value as an array of length s->size().
+inline char* mutable_string_data(std::string* s) {
+  // This should be simpler & faster than string_as_array() because the latter
+  // is guaranteed to return NULL when *s is empty, so it has to check for that.
+  return &(*s)[0];
+}
+
+// as_string_data(s) is equivalent to
+//  ({ char* p = mutable_string_data(s); make_pair(p, p != NULL); })
+// Sometimes it's faster: in some scenarios p cannot be NULL, and then the
+// code can avoid that check.
+inline std::pair<char*, bool> as_string_data(std::string* s) {
+  char* p = mutable_string_data(s);
+  return std::make_pair(p, true);
+}
+
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_IO_ZERO_COPY_STREAM_IMPL_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bec9df0af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1002 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Testing strategy:  For each type of I/O (array, string, file, etc.) we
+// create an output stream and write some data to it, then create a
+// corresponding input stream to read the same data back and expect it to
+// match.  When the data is written, it is written in several small chunks
+// of varying sizes, with a BackUp() after each chunk.  It is read back
+// similarly, but with chunks separated at different points.  The whole
+// process is run with a variety of block sizes for both the input and
+// the output.
+//
+// TODO(kenton):  Rewrite this test to bring it up to the standards of all
+//   the other proto2 tests.  May want to wait for gTest to implement
+//   "parametized tests" so that one set of tests can be used on all the
+//   implementations.
+
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util2.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+
+#if HAVE_ZLIB
+#include <google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+namespace {
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define pipe(fds) _pipe(fds, 4096, O_BINARY)
+// DO NOT include <io.h>, instead create functions in io_win32.{h,cc} and import
+// them like we do below.
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::access;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::close;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::mkdir;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::open;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef O_BINARY
+#ifdef _O_BINARY
+#define O_BINARY _O_BINARY
+#else
+#define O_BINARY 0  // If this isn't defined, the platform doesn't need it.
+#endif
+#endif
+
+class IoTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // Test helpers.
+
+  // Helper to write an array of data to an output stream.
+  bool WriteToOutput(ZeroCopyOutputStream* output, const void* data, int size);
+  // Helper to read a fixed-length array of data from an input stream.
+  int ReadFromInput(ZeroCopyInputStream* input, void* data, int size);
+  // Write a string to the output stream.
+  void WriteString(ZeroCopyOutputStream* output, const std::string& str);
+  // Read a number of bytes equal to the size of the given string and checks
+  // that it matches the string.
+  void ReadString(ZeroCopyInputStream* input, const std::string& str);
+  // Writes some text to the output stream in a particular order.  Returns
+  // the number of bytes written, incase the caller needs that to set up an
+  // input stream.
+  int WriteStuff(ZeroCopyOutputStream* output);
+  // Reads text from an input stream and expects it to match what
+  // WriteStuff() writes.
+  void ReadStuff(ZeroCopyInputStream* input);
+
+  // Similar to WriteStuff, but performs more sophisticated testing.
+  int WriteStuffLarge(ZeroCopyOutputStream* output);
+  // Reads and tests a stream that should have been written to
+  // via WriteStuffLarge().
+  void ReadStuffLarge(ZeroCopyInputStream* input);
+
+#if HAVE_ZLIB
+  std::string Compress(const std::string& data,
+                       const GzipOutputStream::Options& options);
+  std::string Uncompress(const std::string& data);
+#endif
+
+  static const int kBlockSizes[];
+  static const int kBlockSizeCount;
+};
+
+const int IoTest::kBlockSizes[] = {-1, 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 23, 64};
+const int IoTest::kBlockSizeCount = GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(IoTest::kBlockSizes);
+
+bool IoTest::WriteToOutput(ZeroCopyOutputStream* output, const void* data,
+                           int size) {
+  const uint8* in = reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(data);
+  int in_size = size;
+
+  void* out;
+  int out_size;
+
+  while (true) {
+    if (!output->Next(&out, &out_size)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    EXPECT_GT(out_size, 0);
+
+    if (in_size <= out_size) {
+      memcpy(out, in, in_size);
+      output->BackUp(out_size - in_size);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(out, in, out_size);
+    in += out_size;
+    in_size -= out_size;
+  }
+}
+
+#define MAX_REPEATED_ZEROS 100
+
+int IoTest::ReadFromInput(ZeroCopyInputStream* input, void* data, int size) {
+  uint8* out = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(data);
+  int out_size = size;
+
+  const void* in;
+  int in_size = 0;
+
+  int repeated_zeros = 0;
+
+  while (true) {
+    if (!input->Next(&in, &in_size)) {
+      return size - out_size;
+    }
+    EXPECT_GT(in_size, -1);
+    if (in_size == 0) {
+      repeated_zeros++;
+    } else {
+      repeated_zeros = 0;
+    }
+    EXPECT_LT(repeated_zeros, MAX_REPEATED_ZEROS);
+
+    if (out_size <= in_size) {
+      memcpy(out, in, out_size);
+      if (in_size > out_size) {
+        input->BackUp(in_size - out_size);
+      }
+      return size;  // Copied all of it.
+    }
+
+    memcpy(out, in, in_size);
+    out += in_size;
+    out_size -= in_size;
+  }
+}
+
+void IoTest::WriteString(ZeroCopyOutputStream* output, const std::string& str) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(WriteToOutput(output, str.c_str(), str.size()));
+}
+
+void IoTest::ReadString(ZeroCopyInputStream* input, const std::string& str) {
+  std::unique_ptr<char[]> buffer(new char[str.size() + 1]);
+  buffer[str.size()] = '\0';
+  EXPECT_EQ(ReadFromInput(input, buffer.get(), str.size()), str.size());
+  EXPECT_STREQ(str.c_str(), buffer.get());
+}
+
+int IoTest::WriteStuff(ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteString(output, "Hello world!\n");
+  WriteString(output, "Some te");
+  WriteString(output, "xt.  Blah blah.");
+  WriteString(output, "abcdefg");
+  WriteString(output, "01234567890123456789");
+  WriteString(output, "foobar");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(output->ByteCount(), 68);
+
+  int result = output->ByteCount();
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Reads text from an input stream and expects it to match what WriteStuff()
+// writes.
+void IoTest::ReadStuff(ZeroCopyInputStream* input) {
+  ReadString(input, "Hello world!\n");
+  ReadString(input, "Some text.  ");
+  ReadString(input, "Blah ");
+  ReadString(input, "blah.");
+  ReadString(input, "abcdefg");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(input->Skip(20));
+  ReadString(input, "foo");
+  ReadString(input, "bar");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(input->ByteCount(), 68);
+
+  uint8 byte;
+  EXPECT_EQ(ReadFromInput(input, &byte, 1), 0);
+}
+
+int IoTest::WriteStuffLarge(ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteString(output, "Hello world!\n");
+  WriteString(output, "Some te");
+  WriteString(output, "xt.  Blah blah.");
+  WriteString(output, std::string(100000, 'x'));  // A very long string
+  WriteString(output, std::string(100000, 'y'));  // A very long string
+  WriteString(output, "01234567890123456789");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(output->ByteCount(), 200055);
+
+  int result = output->ByteCount();
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Reads text from an input stream and expects it to match what WriteStuff()
+// writes.
+void IoTest::ReadStuffLarge(ZeroCopyInputStream* input) {
+  ReadString(input, "Hello world!\nSome text.  ");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(input->Skip(5));
+  ReadString(input, "blah.");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(input->Skip(100000 - 10));
+  ReadString(input, std::string(10, 'x') + std::string(100000 - 20000, 'y'));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(input->Skip(20000 - 10));
+  ReadString(input, "yyyyyyyyyy01234567890123456789");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(input->ByteCount(), 200055);
+
+  uint8 byte;
+  EXPECT_EQ(ReadFromInput(input, &byte, 1), 0);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+TEST_F(IoTest, ArrayIo) {
+  const int kBufferSize = 256;
+  uint8 buffer[kBufferSize];
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kBlockSizeCount; i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < kBlockSizeCount; j++) {
+      int size;
+      {
+        ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, kBufferSize, kBlockSizes[i]);
+        size = WriteStuff(&output);
+      }
+      {
+        ArrayInputStream input(buffer, size, kBlockSizes[j]);
+        ReadStuff(&input);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoTest, TwoSessionWrite) {
+  // Test that two concatenated write sessions read correctly
+
+  static const char* strA = "0123456789";
+  static const char* strB = "WhirledPeas";
+  const int kBufferSize = 2 * 1024;
+  uint8* buffer = new uint8[kBufferSize];
+  char* temp_buffer = new char[40];
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kBlockSizeCount; i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < kBlockSizeCount; j++) {
+      ArrayOutputStream* output =
+          new ArrayOutputStream(buffer, kBufferSize, kBlockSizes[i]);
+      CodedOutputStream* coded_output = new CodedOutputStream(output);
+      coded_output->WriteVarint32(strlen(strA));
+      coded_output->WriteRaw(strA, strlen(strA));
+      delete coded_output;  // flush
+      int64 pos = output->ByteCount();
+      delete output;
+      output = new ArrayOutputStream(buffer + pos, kBufferSize - pos,
+                                     kBlockSizes[i]);
+      coded_output = new CodedOutputStream(output);
+      coded_output->WriteVarint32(strlen(strB));
+      coded_output->WriteRaw(strB, strlen(strB));
+      delete coded_output;  // flush
+      int64 size = pos + output->ByteCount();
+      delete output;
+
+      ArrayInputStream* input =
+          new ArrayInputStream(buffer, size, kBlockSizes[j]);
+      CodedInputStream* coded_input = new CodedInputStream(input);
+      uint32 insize;
+      EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input->ReadVarint32(&insize));
+      EXPECT_EQ(strlen(strA), insize);
+      EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input->ReadRaw(temp_buffer, insize));
+      EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(temp_buffer, strA, insize));
+
+      EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input->ReadVarint32(&insize));
+      EXPECT_EQ(strlen(strB), insize);
+      EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input->ReadRaw(temp_buffer, insize));
+      EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(temp_buffer, strB, insize));
+
+      delete coded_input;
+      delete input;
+    }
+  }
+
+  delete[] temp_buffer;
+  delete[] buffer;
+}
+
+#if HAVE_ZLIB
+TEST_F(IoTest, GzipIo) {
+  const int kBufferSize = 2 * 1024;
+  uint8* buffer = new uint8[kBufferSize];
+  for (int i = 0; i < kBlockSizeCount; i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < kBlockSizeCount; j++) {
+      for (int z = 0; z < kBlockSizeCount; z++) {
+        int gzip_buffer_size = kBlockSizes[z];
+        int size;
+        {
+          ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, kBufferSize, kBlockSizes[i]);
+          GzipOutputStream::Options options;
+          options.format = GzipOutputStream::GZIP;
+          if (gzip_buffer_size != -1) {
+            options.buffer_size = gzip_buffer_size;
+          }
+          GzipOutputStream gzout(&output, options);
+          WriteStuff(&gzout);
+          gzout.Close();
+          size = output.ByteCount();
+        }
+        {
+          ArrayInputStream input(buffer, size, kBlockSizes[j]);
+          GzipInputStream gzin(&input, GzipInputStream::GZIP, gzip_buffer_size);
+          ReadStuff(&gzin);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  delete[] buffer;
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoTest, GzipIoWithFlush) {
+  const int kBufferSize = 2 * 1024;
+  uint8* buffer = new uint8[kBufferSize];
+  // We start with i = 4 as we want a block size > 6. With block size <= 6
+  // Flush() fills up the entire 2K buffer with flush markers and the test
+  // fails. See documentation for Flush() for more detail.
+  for (int i = 4; i < kBlockSizeCount; i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < kBlockSizeCount; j++) {
+      for (int z = 0; z < kBlockSizeCount; z++) {
+        int gzip_buffer_size = kBlockSizes[z];
+        int size;
+        {
+          ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, kBufferSize, kBlockSizes[i]);
+          GzipOutputStream::Options options;
+          options.format = GzipOutputStream::GZIP;
+          if (gzip_buffer_size != -1) {
+            options.buffer_size = gzip_buffer_size;
+          }
+          GzipOutputStream gzout(&output, options);
+          WriteStuff(&gzout);
+          EXPECT_TRUE(gzout.Flush());
+          gzout.Close();
+          size = output.ByteCount();
+        }
+        {
+          ArrayInputStream input(buffer, size, kBlockSizes[j]);
+          GzipInputStream gzin(&input, GzipInputStream::GZIP, gzip_buffer_size);
+          ReadStuff(&gzin);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  delete[] buffer;
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoTest, GzipIoContiguousFlushes) {
+  const int kBufferSize = 2 * 1024;
+  uint8* buffer = new uint8[kBufferSize];
+
+  int block_size = kBlockSizes[4];
+  int gzip_buffer_size = block_size;
+  int size;
+
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, kBufferSize, block_size);
+  GzipOutputStream::Options options;
+  options.format = GzipOutputStream::GZIP;
+  if (gzip_buffer_size != -1) {
+    options.buffer_size = gzip_buffer_size;
+  }
+  GzipOutputStream gzout(&output, options);
+  WriteStuff(&gzout);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(gzout.Flush());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(gzout.Flush());
+  gzout.Close();
+  size = output.ByteCount();
+
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer, size, block_size);
+  GzipInputStream gzin(&input, GzipInputStream::GZIP, gzip_buffer_size);
+  ReadStuff(&gzin);
+
+  delete[] buffer;
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoTest, GzipIoReadAfterFlush) {
+  const int kBufferSize = 2 * 1024;
+  uint8* buffer = new uint8[kBufferSize];
+
+  int block_size = kBlockSizes[4];
+  int gzip_buffer_size = block_size;
+  int size;
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, kBufferSize, block_size);
+  GzipOutputStream::Options options;
+  options.format = GzipOutputStream::GZIP;
+  if (gzip_buffer_size != -1) {
+    options.buffer_size = gzip_buffer_size;
+  }
+
+  GzipOutputStream gzout(&output, options);
+  WriteStuff(&gzout);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(gzout.Flush());
+  size = output.ByteCount();
+
+  ArrayInputStream input(buffer, size, block_size);
+  GzipInputStream gzin(&input, GzipInputStream::GZIP, gzip_buffer_size);
+  ReadStuff(&gzin);
+
+  gzout.Close();
+
+  delete[] buffer;
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoTest, ZlibIo) {
+  const int kBufferSize = 2 * 1024;
+  uint8* buffer = new uint8[kBufferSize];
+  for (int i = 0; i < kBlockSizeCount; i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < kBlockSizeCount; j++) {
+      for (int z = 0; z < kBlockSizeCount; z++) {
+        int gzip_buffer_size = kBlockSizes[z];
+        int size;
+        {
+          ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, kBufferSize, kBlockSizes[i]);
+          GzipOutputStream::Options options;
+          options.format = GzipOutputStream::ZLIB;
+          if (gzip_buffer_size != -1) {
+            options.buffer_size = gzip_buffer_size;
+          }
+          GzipOutputStream gzout(&output, options);
+          WriteStuff(&gzout);
+          gzout.Close();
+          size = output.ByteCount();
+        }
+        {
+          ArrayInputStream input(buffer, size, kBlockSizes[j]);
+          GzipInputStream gzin(&input, GzipInputStream::ZLIB, gzip_buffer_size);
+          ReadStuff(&gzin);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  delete[] buffer;
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoTest, ZlibIoInputAutodetect) {
+  const int kBufferSize = 2 * 1024;
+  uint8* buffer = new uint8[kBufferSize];
+  int size;
+  {
+    ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, kBufferSize);
+    GzipOutputStream::Options options;
+    options.format = GzipOutputStream::ZLIB;
+    GzipOutputStream gzout(&output, options);
+    WriteStuff(&gzout);
+    gzout.Close();
+    size = output.ByteCount();
+  }
+  {
+    ArrayInputStream input(buffer, size);
+    GzipInputStream gzin(&input, GzipInputStream::AUTO);
+    ReadStuff(&gzin);
+  }
+  {
+    ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, kBufferSize);
+    GzipOutputStream::Options options;
+    options.format = GzipOutputStream::GZIP;
+    GzipOutputStream gzout(&output, options);
+    WriteStuff(&gzout);
+    gzout.Close();
+    size = output.ByteCount();
+  }
+  {
+    ArrayInputStream input(buffer, size);
+    GzipInputStream gzin(&input, GzipInputStream::AUTO);
+    ReadStuff(&gzin);
+  }
+  delete[] buffer;
+}
+
+std::string IoTest::Compress(const std::string& data,
+                             const GzipOutputStream::Options& options) {
+  std::string result;
+  {
+    StringOutputStream output(&result);
+    GzipOutputStream gzout(&output, options);
+    WriteToOutput(&gzout, data.data(), data.size());
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string IoTest::Uncompress(const std::string& data) {
+  std::string result;
+  {
+    ArrayInputStream input(data.data(), data.size());
+    GzipInputStream gzin(&input);
+    const void* buffer;
+    int size;
+    while (gzin.Next(&buffer, &size)) {
+      result.append(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(buffer), size);
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoTest, CompressionOptions) {
+  // Some ad-hoc testing of compression options.
+
+  std::string golden_filename =
+      TestUtil::GetTestDataPath("net/proto2/internal/testdata/golden_message");
+  std::string golden;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(golden_filename, &golden, true));
+
+  GzipOutputStream::Options options;
+  std::string gzip_compressed = Compress(golden, options);
+
+  options.compression_level = 0;
+  std::string not_compressed = Compress(golden, options);
+
+  // Try zlib compression for fun.
+  options = GzipOutputStream::Options();
+  options.format = GzipOutputStream::ZLIB;
+  std::string zlib_compressed = Compress(golden, options);
+
+  // Uncompressed should be bigger than the original since it should have some
+  // sort of header.
+  EXPECT_GT(not_compressed.size(), golden.size());
+
+  // Higher compression levels should result in smaller sizes.
+  EXPECT_LT(zlib_compressed.size(), not_compressed.size());
+
+  // ZLIB format should differ from GZIP format.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(zlib_compressed != gzip_compressed);
+
+  // Everything should decompress correctly.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Uncompress(not_compressed) == golden);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Uncompress(gzip_compressed) == golden);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Uncompress(zlib_compressed) == golden);
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoTest, TwoSessionWriteGzip) {
+  // Test that two concatenated gzip streams can be read correctly
+
+  static const char* strA = "0123456789";
+  static const char* strB = "QuickBrownFox";
+  const int kBufferSize = 2 * 1024;
+  uint8* buffer = new uint8[kBufferSize];
+  char* temp_buffer = new char[40];
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kBlockSizeCount; i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < kBlockSizeCount; j++) {
+      ArrayOutputStream* output =
+          new ArrayOutputStream(buffer, kBufferSize, kBlockSizes[i]);
+      GzipOutputStream* gzout = new GzipOutputStream(output);
+      CodedOutputStream* coded_output = new CodedOutputStream(gzout);
+      int32 outlen = strlen(strA) + 1;
+      coded_output->WriteVarint32(outlen);
+      coded_output->WriteRaw(strA, outlen);
+      delete coded_output;  // flush
+      delete gzout;         // flush
+      int64 pos = output->ByteCount();
+      delete output;
+      output = new ArrayOutputStream(buffer + pos, kBufferSize - pos,
+                                     kBlockSizes[i]);
+      gzout = new GzipOutputStream(output);
+      coded_output = new CodedOutputStream(gzout);
+      outlen = strlen(strB) + 1;
+      coded_output->WriteVarint32(outlen);
+      coded_output->WriteRaw(strB, outlen);
+      delete coded_output;  // flush
+      delete gzout;         // flush
+      int64 size = pos + output->ByteCount();
+      delete output;
+
+      ArrayInputStream* input =
+          new ArrayInputStream(buffer, size, kBlockSizes[j]);
+      GzipInputStream* gzin = new GzipInputStream(input);
+      CodedInputStream* coded_input = new CodedInputStream(gzin);
+      uint32 insize;
+      EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input->ReadVarint32(&insize));
+      EXPECT_EQ(strlen(strA) + 1, insize);
+      EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input->ReadRaw(temp_buffer, insize));
+      EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(temp_buffer, strA, insize))
+          << "strA=" << strA << " in=" << temp_buffer;
+
+      EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input->ReadVarint32(&insize));
+      EXPECT_EQ(strlen(strB) + 1, insize);
+      EXPECT_TRUE(coded_input->ReadRaw(temp_buffer, insize));
+      EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(temp_buffer, strB, insize))
+          << " out_block_size=" << kBlockSizes[i]
+          << " in_block_size=" << kBlockSizes[j] << " pos=" << pos
+          << " size=" << size << " strB=" << strB << " in=" << temp_buffer;
+
+      delete coded_input;
+      delete gzin;
+      delete input;
+    }
+  }
+
+  delete[] temp_buffer;
+  delete[] buffer;
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoTest, GzipInputByteCountAfterClosed) {
+  std::string golden = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+  std::string compressed = Compress(golden, GzipOutputStream::Options());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kBlockSizeCount; i++) {
+    ArrayInputStream arr_input(compressed.data(), compressed.size(),
+                               kBlockSizes[i]);
+    GzipInputStream gz_input(&arr_input);
+    const void* buffer;
+    int size;
+    while (gz_input.Next(&buffer, &size)) {
+      EXPECT_LE(gz_input.ByteCount(), golden.size());
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(golden.size(), gz_input.ByteCount());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(IoTest, GzipInputByteCountAfterClosedConcatenatedStreams) {
+  std::string golden1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+  std::string golden2 = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
+  const size_t total_size = golden1.size() + golden2.size();
+  std::string compressed = Compress(golden1, GzipOutputStream::Options()) +
+                           Compress(golden2, GzipOutputStream::Options());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kBlockSizeCount; i++) {
+    ArrayInputStream arr_input(compressed.data(), compressed.size(),
+                               kBlockSizes[i]);
+    GzipInputStream gz_input(&arr_input);
+    const void* buffer;
+    int size;
+    while (gz_input.Next(&buffer, &size)) {
+      EXPECT_LE(gz_input.ByteCount(), total_size);
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(total_size, gz_input.ByteCount());
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+// There is no string input, only string output.  Also, it doesn't support
+// explicit block sizes.  So, we'll only run one test and we'll use
+// ArrayInput to read back the results.
+TEST_F(IoTest, StringIo) {
+  std::string str;
+  {
+    StringOutputStream output(&str);
+    WriteStuff(&output);
+  }
+  {
+    ArrayInputStream input(str.data(), str.size());
+    ReadStuff(&input);
+  }
+}
+
+
+// To test files, we create a temporary file, write, read, truncate, repeat.
+TEST_F(IoTest, FileIo) {
+  std::string filename = TestTempDir() + "/zero_copy_stream_test_file";
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kBlockSizeCount; i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < kBlockSizeCount; j++) {
+      // Make a temporary file.
+      int file =
+          open(filename.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY, 0777);
+      ASSERT_GE(file, 0);
+
+      {
+        FileOutputStream output(file, kBlockSizes[i]);
+        WriteStuff(&output);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, output.GetErrno());
+      }
+
+      // Rewind.
+      ASSERT_NE(lseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET), (off_t)-1);
+
+      {
+        FileInputStream input(file, kBlockSizes[j]);
+        ReadStuff(&input);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, input.GetErrno());
+      }
+
+      close(file);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#if HAVE_ZLIB
+TEST_F(IoTest, GzipFileIo) {
+  std::string filename = TestTempDir() + "/zero_copy_stream_test_file";
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kBlockSizeCount; i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < kBlockSizeCount; j++) {
+      // Make a temporary file.
+      int file =
+          open(filename.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY, 0777);
+      ASSERT_GE(file, 0);
+      {
+        FileOutputStream output(file, kBlockSizes[i]);
+        GzipOutputStream gzout(&output);
+        WriteStuffLarge(&gzout);
+        gzout.Close();
+        output.Flush();
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, output.GetErrno());
+      }
+
+      // Rewind.
+      ASSERT_NE(lseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET), (off_t)-1);
+
+      {
+        FileInputStream input(file, kBlockSizes[j]);
+        GzipInputStream gzin(&input);
+        ReadStuffLarge(&gzin);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, input.GetErrno());
+      }
+
+      close(file);
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+// MSVC raises various debugging exceptions if we try to use a file
+// descriptor of -1, defeating our tests below.  This class will disable
+// these debug assertions while in scope.
+class MsvcDebugDisabler {
+ public:
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
+  MsvcDebugDisabler() {
+    old_handler_ = _set_invalid_parameter_handler(MyHandler);
+    old_mode_ = _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_ASSERT, 0);
+  }
+  ~MsvcDebugDisabler() {
+    old_handler_ = _set_invalid_parameter_handler(old_handler_);
+    old_mode_ = _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_ASSERT, old_mode_);
+  }
+
+  static void MyHandler(const wchar_t* expr, const wchar_t* func,
+                        const wchar_t* file, unsigned int line,
+                        uintptr_t pReserved) {
+    // do nothing
+  }
+
+  _invalid_parameter_handler old_handler_;
+  int old_mode_;
+#else
+  // Dummy constructor and destructor to ensure that GCC doesn't complain
+  // that debug_disabler is an unused variable.
+  MsvcDebugDisabler() {}
+  ~MsvcDebugDisabler() {}
+#endif
+};
+
+// Test that FileInputStreams report errors correctly.
+TEST_F(IoTest, FileReadError) {
+  MsvcDebugDisabler debug_disabler;
+
+  // -1 = invalid file descriptor.
+  FileInputStream input(-1);
+
+  const void* buffer;
+  int size;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(input.Next(&buffer, &size));
+  EXPECT_EQ(EBADF, input.GetErrno());
+}
+
+// Test that FileOutputStreams report errors correctly.
+TEST_F(IoTest, FileWriteError) {
+  MsvcDebugDisabler debug_disabler;
+
+  // -1 = invalid file descriptor.
+  FileOutputStream input(-1);
+
+  void* buffer;
+  int size;
+
+  // The first call to Next() succeeds because it doesn't have anything to
+  // write yet.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(input.Next(&buffer, &size));
+
+  // Second call fails.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(input.Next(&buffer, &size));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(EBADF, input.GetErrno());
+}
+
+// Pipes are not seekable, so File{Input,Output}Stream ends up doing some
+// different things to handle them.  We'll test by writing to a pipe and
+// reading back from it.
+TEST_F(IoTest, PipeIo) {
+  int files[2];
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < kBlockSizeCount; i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < kBlockSizeCount; j++) {
+      // Need to create a new pipe each time because ReadStuff() expects
+      // to see EOF at the end.
+      ASSERT_EQ(pipe(files), 0);
+
+      {
+        FileOutputStream output(files[1], kBlockSizes[i]);
+        WriteStuff(&output);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, output.GetErrno());
+      }
+      close(files[1]);  // Send EOF.
+
+      {
+        FileInputStream input(files[0], kBlockSizes[j]);
+        ReadStuff(&input);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, input.GetErrno());
+      }
+      close(files[0]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Test using C++ iostreams.
+TEST_F(IoTest, IostreamIo) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < kBlockSizeCount; i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < kBlockSizeCount; j++) {
+      {
+        std::stringstream stream;
+
+        {
+          OstreamOutputStream output(&stream, kBlockSizes[i]);
+          WriteStuff(&output);
+          EXPECT_FALSE(stream.fail());
+        }
+
+        {
+          IstreamInputStream input(&stream, kBlockSizes[j]);
+          ReadStuff(&input);
+          EXPECT_TRUE(stream.eof());
+        }
+      }
+
+      {
+        std::stringstream stream;
+
+        {
+          OstreamOutputStream output(&stream, kBlockSizes[i]);
+          WriteStuffLarge(&output);
+          EXPECT_FALSE(stream.fail());
+        }
+
+        {
+          IstreamInputStream input(&stream, kBlockSizes[j]);
+          ReadStuffLarge(&input);
+          EXPECT_TRUE(stream.eof());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// To test ConcatenatingInputStream, we create several ArrayInputStreams
+// covering a buffer and then concatenate them.
+TEST_F(IoTest, ConcatenatingInputStream) {
+  const int kBufferSize = 256;
+  uint8 buffer[kBufferSize];
+
+  // Fill the buffer.
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, kBufferSize);
+  WriteStuff(&output);
+
+  // Now split it up into multiple streams of varying sizes.
+  ASSERT_EQ(68, output.ByteCount());  // Test depends on this.
+  ArrayInputStream input1(buffer, 12);
+  ArrayInputStream input2(buffer + 12, 7);
+  ArrayInputStream input3(buffer + 19, 6);
+  ArrayInputStream input4(buffer + 25, 15);
+  ArrayInputStream input5(buffer + 40, 0);
+  // Note:  We want to make sure we have a stream boundary somewhere between
+  // bytes 42 and 62, which is the range that it Skip()ed by ReadStuff().  This
+  // tests that a bug that existed in the original code for Skip() is fixed.
+  ArrayInputStream input6(buffer + 40, 10);
+  ArrayInputStream input7(buffer + 50, 18);  // Total = 68 bytes.
+
+  ZeroCopyInputStream* streams[] = {&input1, &input2, &input3, &input4,
+                                    &input5, &input6, &input7};
+
+  // Create the concatenating stream and read.
+  ConcatenatingInputStream input(streams, GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(streams));
+  ReadStuff(&input);
+}
+
+// To test LimitingInputStream, we write our golden text to a buffer, then
+// create an ArrayInputStream that contains the whole buffer (not just the
+// bytes written), then use a LimitingInputStream to limit it just to the
+// bytes written.
+TEST_F(IoTest, LimitingInputStream) {
+  const int kBufferSize = 256;
+  uint8 buffer[kBufferSize];
+
+  // Fill the buffer.
+  ArrayOutputStream output(buffer, kBufferSize);
+  WriteStuff(&output);
+
+  // Set up input.
+  ArrayInputStream array_input(buffer, kBufferSize);
+  LimitingInputStream input(&array_input, output.ByteCount());
+
+  ReadStuff(&input);
+}
+
+// Checks that ByteCount works correctly for LimitingInputStreams where the
+// underlying stream has already been read.
+TEST_F(IoTest, LimitingInputStreamByteCount) {
+  const int kHalfBufferSize = 128;
+  const int kBufferSize = kHalfBufferSize * 2;
+  uint8 buffer[kBufferSize];
+
+  // Set up input. Only allow half to be read at once.
+  ArrayInputStream array_input(buffer, kBufferSize, kHalfBufferSize);
+  const void* data;
+  int size;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(array_input.Next(&data, &size));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kHalfBufferSize, array_input.ByteCount());
+  // kHalfBufferSize - 1 to test limiting logic as well.
+  LimitingInputStream input(&array_input, kHalfBufferSize - 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, input.ByteCount());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(input.Next(&data, &size));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kHalfBufferSize - 1, input.ByteCount());
+}
+
+// Check that a zero-size array doesn't confuse the code.
+TEST(ZeroSizeArray, Input) {
+  ArrayInputStream input(NULL, 0);
+  const void* data;
+  int size;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(input.Next(&data, &size));
+}
+
+TEST(ZeroSizeArray, Output) {
+  ArrayOutputStream output(NULL, 0);
+  void* data;
+  int size;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(output.Next(&data, &size));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/lite_arena_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/lite_arena_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d68c6c9bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/lite_arena_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+
+class LiteArenaTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  LiteArenaTest() {
+    ArenaOptions options;
+    options.start_block_size = 128 * 1024;
+    options.max_block_size = 128 * 1024;
+    arena_.reset(new Arena(options));
+    // Trigger the allocation of the first arena block, so that further use of
+    // the arena will not require any heap allocations.
+    Arena::CreateArray<char>(arena_.get(), 1);
+  }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Arena> arena_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(LiteArenaTest, MapNoHeapAllocation) {
+  std::string data;
+  data.reserve(128 * 1024);
+
+  {
+    // TODO(teboring): Enable no heap check when ArenaStringPtr is used in
+    // Map.
+    // internal::NoHeapChecker no_heap;
+
+    protobuf_unittest::TestArenaMapLite* from =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<protobuf_unittest::TestArenaMapLite>(arena_.get());
+    MapLiteTestUtil::SetArenaMapFields(from);
+    from->SerializeToString(&data);
+
+    protobuf_unittest::TestArenaMapLite* to =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<protobuf_unittest::TestArenaMapLite>(arena_.get());
+    to->ParseFromString(data);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(*to);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(LiteArenaTest, UnknownFieldMemLeak) {
+  protobuf_unittest::ForeignMessageArenaLite* message =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<protobuf_unittest::ForeignMessageArenaLite>(
+          arena_.get());
+  std::string data = "\012\000";
+  int original_capacity = data.capacity();
+  while (data.capacity() <= original_capacity) {
+    data.append("a");
+  }
+  data[1] = data.size() - 2;
+  message->ParseFromString(data);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/lite_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/lite_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd5ccc4ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/lite_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1191 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_lite.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Helper methods to test parsing merge behavior.
+void ExpectMessageMerged(const unittest::TestAllTypesLite& message) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.optional_int32(), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.optional_int64(), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.optional_string(), "hello");
+}
+
+void AssignParsingMergeMessages(unittest::TestAllTypesLite* msg1,
+                                unittest::TestAllTypesLite* msg2,
+                                unittest::TestAllTypesLite* msg3) {
+  msg1->set_optional_int32(1);
+  msg2->set_optional_int64(2);
+  msg3->set_optional_int32(3);
+  msg3->set_optional_string("hello");
+}
+
+void SetAllTypesInEmptyMessageUnknownFields(
+    unittest::TestEmptyMessageLite* empty_message) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite message;
+  TestUtilLite::ExpectClear(message);
+  TestUtilLite::SetAllFields(&message);
+  std::string data = message.SerializeAsString();
+  empty_message->ParseFromString(data);
+}
+
+void SetSomeTypesInEmptyMessageUnknownFields(
+    unittest::TestEmptyMessageLite* empty_message) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite message;
+  TestUtilLite::ExpectClear(message);
+  message.set_optional_int32(101);
+  message.set_optional_int64(102);
+  message.set_optional_uint32(103);
+  message.set_optional_uint64(104);
+  std::string data = message.SerializeAsString();
+  empty_message->ParseFromString(data);
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite1) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite message, message2, message3;
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectClear(message);
+    TestUtilLite::SetAllFields(&message);
+    message2.CopyFrom(message);
+    data = message.SerializeAsString();
+    message3.ParseFromString(data);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message3);
+    TestUtilLite::ModifyRepeatedFields(&message);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectRepeatedFieldsModified(message);
+    message.Clear();
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectClear(message);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite2) {
+  std::string data;
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestAllExtensionsLite message, message2, message3;
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectExtensionsClear(message);
+    TestUtilLite::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+    message2.CopyFrom(message);
+    std::string extensions_data = message.SerializeAsString();
+    message3.ParseFromString(extensions_data);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message3);
+    TestUtilLite::ModifyRepeatedExtensions(&message);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectRepeatedExtensionsModified(message);
+    message.Clear();
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectExtensionsClear(message);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite3) {
+  std::string data, packed_data;
+
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestPackedTypesLite message, message2, message3;
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedClear(message);
+    TestUtilLite::SetPackedFields(&message);
+    message2.CopyFrom(message);
+    packed_data = message.SerializeAsString();
+    message3.ParseFromString(packed_data);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(message);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(message2);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(message3);
+    TestUtilLite::ModifyPackedFields(&message);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedFieldsModified(message);
+    message.Clear();
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedClear(message);
+  }
+
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestPackedExtensionsLite message, message2, message3;
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedExtensionsClear(message);
+    TestUtilLite::SetPackedExtensions(&message);
+    message2.CopyFrom(message);
+    std::string packed_extensions_data = message.SerializeAsString();
+    EXPECT_EQ(packed_extensions_data, packed_data);
+    message3.ParseFromString(packed_extensions_data);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedExtensionsSet(message);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedExtensionsSet(message2);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedExtensionsSet(message3);
+    TestUtilLite::ModifyPackedExtensions(&message);
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedExtensionsModified(message);
+    message.Clear();
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedExtensionsClear(message);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite5) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // Test that if an optional or required message/group field appears multiple
+    // times in the input, they need to be merged.
+    unittest::TestParsingMergeLite::RepeatedFieldsGenerator generator;
+    unittest::TestAllTypesLite* msg1;
+    unittest::TestAllTypesLite* msg2;
+    unittest::TestAllTypesLite* msg3;
+
+#define ASSIGN_REPEATED_FIELD(FIELD) \
+  msg1 = generator.add_##FIELD();    \
+  msg2 = generator.add_##FIELD();    \
+  msg3 = generator.add_##FIELD();    \
+  AssignParsingMergeMessages(msg1, msg2, msg3)
+
+    ASSIGN_REPEATED_FIELD(field1);
+    ASSIGN_REPEATED_FIELD(field2);
+    ASSIGN_REPEATED_FIELD(field3);
+    ASSIGN_REPEATED_FIELD(ext1);
+    ASSIGN_REPEATED_FIELD(ext2);
+
+#undef ASSIGN_REPEATED_FIELD
+#define ASSIGN_REPEATED_GROUP(FIELD)                \
+  msg1 = generator.add_##FIELD()->mutable_field1(); \
+  msg2 = generator.add_##FIELD()->mutable_field1(); \
+  msg3 = generator.add_##FIELD()->mutable_field1(); \
+  AssignParsingMergeMessages(msg1, msg2, msg3)
+
+    ASSIGN_REPEATED_GROUP(group1);
+    ASSIGN_REPEATED_GROUP(group2);
+
+#undef ASSIGN_REPEATED_GROUP
+
+    std::string buffer;
+    generator.SerializeToString(&buffer);
+    unittest::TestParsingMergeLite parsing_merge;
+    parsing_merge.ParseFromString(buffer);
+
+    // Required and optional fields should be merged.
+    ExpectMessageMerged(parsing_merge.required_all_types());
+    ExpectMessageMerged(parsing_merge.optional_all_types());
+    ExpectMessageMerged(
+        parsing_merge.optionalgroup().optional_group_all_types());
+    ExpectMessageMerged(parsing_merge.GetExtension(
+        unittest::TestParsingMergeLite::optional_ext));
+
+    // Repeated fields should not be merged.
+    EXPECT_EQ(parsing_merge.repeated_all_types_size(), 3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(parsing_merge.repeatedgroup_size(), 3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(parsing_merge.ExtensionSize(
+                  unittest::TestParsingMergeLite::repeated_ext),
+              3);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite6) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  // Test unknown fields support for lite messages.
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite message, message2;
+    protobuf_unittest::TestEmptyMessageLite empty_message;
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectClear(message);
+    TestUtilLite::SetAllFields(&message);
+    data = message.SerializeAsString();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(empty_message.ParseFromString(data));
+    data.clear();
+    data = empty_message.SerializeAsString();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    data = message2.SerializeAsString();
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+    message.Clear();
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectClear(message);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite7) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestAllExtensionsLite message, message2;
+    protobuf_unittest::TestEmptyMessageLite empty_message;
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectExtensionsClear(message);
+    TestUtilLite::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+    data = message.SerializeAsString();
+    empty_message.ParseFromString(data);
+    data.clear();
+    data = empty_message.SerializeAsString();
+    message2.ParseFromString(data);
+    data = message2.SerializeAsString();
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+    message.Clear();
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectExtensionsClear(message);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite8) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestPackedTypesLite message, message2;
+    protobuf_unittest::TestEmptyMessageLite empty_message;
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedClear(message);
+    TestUtilLite::SetPackedFields(&message);
+    data = message.SerializeAsString();
+    empty_message.ParseFromString(data);
+    data.clear();
+    data = empty_message.SerializeAsString();
+    message2.ParseFromString(data);
+    data = message2.SerializeAsString();
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(message2);
+    message.Clear();
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedClear(message);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite9) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestPackedExtensionsLite message, message2;
+    protobuf_unittest::TestEmptyMessageLite empty_message;
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedExtensionsClear(message);
+    TestUtilLite::SetPackedExtensions(&message);
+    data = message.SerializeAsString();
+    empty_message.ParseFromString(data);
+    data.clear();
+    data = empty_message.SerializeAsString();
+    message2.ParseFromString(data);
+    data = message2.SerializeAsString();
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedExtensionsSet(message2);
+    message.Clear();
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedExtensionsClear(message);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite10) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // Test Unknown fields swap
+    protobuf_unittest::TestEmptyMessageLite empty_message, empty_message2;
+    SetAllTypesInEmptyMessageUnknownFields(&empty_message);
+    SetSomeTypesInEmptyMessageUnknownFields(&empty_message2);
+    data = empty_message.SerializeAsString();
+    std::string data2 = empty_message2.SerializeAsString();
+    empty_message.Swap(&empty_message2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(data, empty_message2.SerializeAsString());
+    EXPECT_EQ(data2, empty_message.SerializeAsString());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite11) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // Test unknown fields swap with self
+    protobuf_unittest::TestEmptyMessageLite empty_message;
+    SetAllTypesInEmptyMessageUnknownFields(&empty_message);
+    data = empty_message.SerializeAsString();
+    empty_message.Swap(&empty_message);
+    EXPECT_EQ(data, empty_message.SerializeAsString());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite12) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // Test MergeFrom with unknown fields
+    protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite message, message2;
+    protobuf_unittest::TestEmptyMessageLite empty_message, empty_message2;
+    message.set_optional_int32(101);
+    message.add_repeated_int32(201);
+    message.set_optional_nested_enum(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAZ);
+    message2.set_optional_int64(102);
+    message2.add_repeated_int64(202);
+    message2.set_optional_foreign_enum(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ);
+
+    data = message.SerializeAsString();
+    empty_message.ParseFromString(data);
+    data = message2.SerializeAsString();
+    empty_message2.ParseFromString(data);
+    message.MergeFrom(message2);
+    empty_message.MergeFrom(empty_message2);
+
+    data = empty_message.SerializeAsString();
+    message2.ParseFromString(data);
+    // We do not compare the serialized output of a normal message and a lite
+    // message because the order of fields do not match. We convert lite message
+    // back into normal message, then compare.
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.SerializeAsString(), message2.SerializeAsString());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite13) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // Test unknown enum value
+    protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite message;
+    std::string buffer;
+    {
+      io::StringOutputStream output_stream(&buffer);
+      io::CodedOutputStream coded_output(&output_stream);
+      internal::WireFormatLite::WriteTag(
+          protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::kOptionalNestedEnumFieldNumber,
+          internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT, &coded_output);
+      coded_output.WriteVarint32(10);
+      internal::WireFormatLite::WriteTag(
+          protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::kRepeatedNestedEnumFieldNumber,
+          internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT, &coded_output);
+      coded_output.WriteVarint32(20);
+    }
+    message.ParseFromString(buffer);
+    data = message.SerializeAsString();
+    EXPECT_EQ(data, buffer);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite14) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // Test Clear with unknown fields
+    protobuf_unittest::TestEmptyMessageLite empty_message;
+    SetAllTypesInEmptyMessageUnknownFields(&empty_message);
+    empty_message.Clear();
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, empty_message.unknown_fields().size());
+  }
+}
+
+// Tests for map lite =============================================
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite15) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // Accessors
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ModifyMapFields(&message);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsModified(message);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite16) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // SetMapFieldsInitialized
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFieldsInitialized(&message);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(message);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite17) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // Clear
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+    message.Clear();
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectClear(message);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite18) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // ClearMessageMap
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMessageMapLite message;
+
+    // Creates a TestAllTypes with default value
+    TestUtilLite::ExpectClear((*message.mutable_map_int32_message())[0]);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite19) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // CopyFrom
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1, message2;
+
+    MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+    message2.CopyFrom(message1);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+
+    // Copying from self should be a no-op.
+    message2.CopyFrom(message2);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite20) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // CopyFromMessageMap
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMessageMapLite message1, message2;
+
+    (*message1.mutable_map_int32_message())[0].add_repeated_int32(100);
+    (*message2.mutable_map_int32_message())[0].add_repeated_int32(101);
+
+    message1.CopyFrom(message2);
+
+    // Checks repeated field is overwritten.
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message1.map_int32_message().at(0).repeated_int32_size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(101, message1.map_int32_message().at(0).repeated_int32(0));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite21) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // SwapWithEmpty
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1, message2;
+
+    MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message1);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectClear(message2);
+
+    message1.Swap(&message2);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectClear(message1);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite22) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // SwapWithSelf
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+
+    message.Swap(&message);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite23) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // SwapWithOther
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1, message2;
+
+    MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message2);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ModifyMapFields(&message2);
+
+    message1.Swap(&message2);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsModified(message1);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite24) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // CopyConstructor
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1;
+    MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message2(message1);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite25) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // CopyAssignmentOperator
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1;
+    MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message2;
+    message2 = message1;
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+
+    // Make sure that self-assignment does something sane.
+    message2.operator=(message2);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite26) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // NonEmptyMergeFrom
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1, message2;
+
+    MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+
+    // This field will test merging into an empty spot.
+    (*message2.mutable_map_int32_int32())[1] = 1;
+    message1.mutable_map_int32_int32()->erase(1);
+
+    // This tests overwriting.
+    (*message2.mutable_map_int32_double())[1] = 1;
+    (*message1.mutable_map_int32_double())[1] = 2;
+
+    message1.MergeFrom(message2);
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message1);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite27) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // MergeFromMessageMap
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMessageMapLite message1, message2;
+
+    (*message1.mutable_map_int32_message())[0].add_repeated_int32(100);
+    (*message2.mutable_map_int32_message())[0].add_repeated_int32(101);
+
+    message1.MergeFrom(message2);
+
+    // Checks repeated field is overwritten.
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message1.map_int32_message().at(0).repeated_int32_size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(101, message1.map_int32_message().at(0).repeated_int32(0));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite28) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // Test the generated SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray()
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1, message2;
+    std::string data;
+    MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+    int size = message1.ByteSize();
+    data.resize(size);
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* start = reinterpret_cast<::google::protobuf::uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data));
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* end = message1.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(start);
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, end - start);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite29) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // Test the generated SerializeWithCachedSizes()
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1, message2;
+    MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+    int size = message1.ByteSize();
+    std::string data;
+    data.resize(size);
+    {
+      // Allow the output stream to buffer only one byte at a time.
+      io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data), size, 1);
+      io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+      message1.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+      EXPECT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+      EXPECT_EQ(size, output_stream.ByteCount());
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+}
+
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite32) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // Proto2UnknownEnum
+    protobuf_unittest::TestEnumMapPlusExtraLite from;
+    (*from.mutable_known_map_field())[0] =
+        protobuf_unittest::E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE;
+    (*from.mutable_unknown_map_field())[0] =
+        protobuf_unittest::E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_EXTRA_LITE;
+    std::string data;
+    from.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+    protobuf_unittest::TestEnumMapLite to;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(to.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, to.unknown_map_field().size());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(to.mutable_unknown_fields()->empty());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, to.known_map_field().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE,
+              to.known_map_field().at(0));
+
+    data.clear();
+    from.Clear();
+    to.SerializeToString(&data);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(from.ParseFromString(data));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, from.known_map_field().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE,
+              from.known_map_field().at(0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, from.unknown_map_field().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_EXTRA_LITE,
+              from.unknown_map_field().at(0));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite33) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // StandardWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+    std::string data = "\x0A\x04\x08\x01\x10\x01";
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite34) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // UnorderedWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    // put value before key in wire format
+    std::string data = "\x0A\x04\x10\x01\x08\x02";
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+    ASSERT_NE(message.map_int32_int32().find(2),
+              message.map_int32_int32().end());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(2));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite35) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // DuplicatedKeyWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    // Two key fields in wire format
+    std::string data = "\x0A\x06\x08\x01\x08\x02\x10\x01";
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(2));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite36) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // DuplicatedValueWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    // Two value fields in wire format
+    std::string data = "\x0A\x06\x08\x01\x10\x01\x10\x02";
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite37) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // MissedKeyWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    // No key field in wire format
+    std::string data = "\x0A\x02\x10\x01";
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+    ASSERT_NE(message.map_int32_int32().find(0),
+              message.map_int32_int32().end());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(0));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite38) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // MissedValueWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    // No value field in wire format
+    std::string data = "\x0A\x02\x08\x01";
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+    ASSERT_NE(message.map_int32_int32().find(1),
+              message.map_int32_int32().end());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite39) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // UnknownFieldWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    // Unknown field in wire format
+    std::string data = "\x0A\x06\x08\x02\x10\x03\x18\x01";
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, message.map_int32_int32().at(2));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite40) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // CorruptedWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    // corrupted data in wire format
+    std::string data = "\x0A\x06\x08\x02\x11\x03";
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite41) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // IsInitialized
+    protobuf_unittest::TestRequiredMessageMapLite map_message;
+
+    // Add an uninitialized message.
+    (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0];
+    EXPECT_FALSE(map_message.IsInitialized());
+
+    // Initialize uninitialized message
+    (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0].set_a(0);
+    (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0].set_b(0);
+    (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0].set_c(0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map_message.IsInitialized());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite42) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // Check that adding more values to enum does not corrupt message
+    // when passed through an old client.
+    protobuf_unittest::V2MessageLite v2_message;
+    v2_message.set_int_field(800);
+    // Set enum field to the value not understood by the old client.
+    v2_message.set_enum_field(protobuf_unittest::V2_SECOND);
+    std::string v2_bytes = v2_message.SerializeAsString();
+
+    protobuf_unittest::V1MessageLite v1_message;
+    v1_message.ParseFromString(v2_bytes);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(v1_message.IsInitialized());
+    EXPECT_EQ(v1_message.int_field(), v2_message.int_field());
+    // V1 client does not understand V2_SECOND value, so it discards it and
+    // uses default value instead.
+    EXPECT_EQ(v1_message.enum_field(), protobuf_unittest::V1_FIRST);
+
+    // However, when re-serialized, it should preserve enum value.
+    std::string v1_bytes = v1_message.SerializeAsString();
+
+    protobuf_unittest::V2MessageLite same_v2_message;
+    same_v2_message.ParseFromString(v1_bytes);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(v2_message.int_field(), same_v2_message.int_field());
+    EXPECT_EQ(v2_message.enum_field(), same_v2_message.enum_field());
+  }
+}
+
+// Test that when parsing a oneof, we can successfully clear whatever already
+// happened to be stored in the oneof.
+TEST(Lite, AllLite43) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestOneofParsingLite message1;
+
+  message1.set_oneof_int32(17);
+  std::string serialized;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message1.SerializeToString(&serialized));
+
+  // Submessage
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestOneofParsingLite message2;
+    message2.mutable_oneof_submessage();
+    io::CodedInputStream input_stream(
+        reinterpret_cast<const ::google::protobuf::uint8*>(serialized.data()), serialized.size());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.MergeFromCodedStream(&input_stream));
+    EXPECT_EQ(17, message2.oneof_int32());
+  }
+
+  // String
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestOneofParsingLite message2;
+    message2.set_oneof_string("string");
+    io::CodedInputStream input_stream(
+        reinterpret_cast<const ::google::protobuf::uint8*>(serialized.data()), serialized.size());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.MergeFromCodedStream(&input_stream));
+    EXPECT_EQ(17, message2.oneof_int32());
+  }
+
+  // Bytes
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestOneofParsingLite message2;
+    message2.set_oneof_bytes("bytes");
+    io::CodedInputStream input_stream(
+        reinterpret_cast<const ::google::protobuf::uint8*>(serialized.data()), serialized.size());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.MergeFromCodedStream(&input_stream));
+    EXPECT_EQ(17, message2.oneof_int32());
+  }
+}
+
+// Verify that we can successfully parse fields of various types within oneof
+// fields. We also verify that we can parse the same data twice into the same
+// message.
+TEST(Lite, AllLite44) {
+  // Int32
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestOneofParsingLite original;
+    original.set_oneof_int32(17);
+    std::string serialized;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(original.SerializeToString(&serialized));
+    protobuf_unittest::TestOneofParsingLite parsed;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      io::CodedInputStream input_stream(
+          reinterpret_cast<const ::google::protobuf::uint8*>(serialized.data()),
+          serialized.size());
+      EXPECT_TRUE(parsed.MergeFromCodedStream(&input_stream));
+      EXPECT_EQ(17, parsed.oneof_int32());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Submessage
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestOneofParsingLite original;
+    original.mutable_oneof_submessage()->set_optional_int32(5);
+    std::string serialized;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(original.SerializeToString(&serialized));
+    protobuf_unittest::TestOneofParsingLite parsed;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      io::CodedInputStream input_stream(
+          reinterpret_cast<const ::google::protobuf::uint8*>(serialized.data()),
+          serialized.size());
+      EXPECT_TRUE(parsed.MergeFromCodedStream(&input_stream));
+      EXPECT_EQ(5, parsed.oneof_submessage().optional_int32());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // String
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestOneofParsingLite original;
+    original.set_oneof_string("string");
+    std::string serialized;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(original.SerializeToString(&serialized));
+    protobuf_unittest::TestOneofParsingLite parsed;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      io::CodedInputStream input_stream(
+          reinterpret_cast<const ::google::protobuf::uint8*>(serialized.data()),
+          serialized.size());
+      EXPECT_TRUE(parsed.MergeFromCodedStream(&input_stream));
+      EXPECT_EQ("string", parsed.oneof_string());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Bytes
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestOneofParsingLite original;
+    original.set_oneof_bytes("bytes");
+    std::string serialized;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(original.SerializeToString(&serialized));
+    protobuf_unittest::TestOneofParsingLite parsed;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      io::CodedInputStream input_stream(
+          reinterpret_cast<const ::google::protobuf::uint8*>(serialized.data()),
+          serialized.size());
+      EXPECT_TRUE(parsed.MergeFromCodedStream(&input_stream));
+      EXPECT_EQ("bytes", parsed.oneof_bytes());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Enum
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestOneofParsingLite original;
+    original.set_oneof_enum(protobuf_unittest::V2_SECOND);
+    std::string serialized;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(original.SerializeToString(&serialized));
+    protobuf_unittest::TestOneofParsingLite parsed;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      io::CodedInputStream input_stream(
+          reinterpret_cast<const ::google::protobuf::uint8*>(serialized.data()),
+          serialized.size());
+      EXPECT_TRUE(parsed.MergeFromCodedStream(&input_stream));
+      EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::V2_SECOND, parsed.oneof_enum());
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::cout << "PASS" << std::endl;
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite45) {
+  // Test unknown fields are not discarded upon parsing.
+  std::string data = "\20\1";  // varint 1 with field number 2
+
+  protobuf_unittest::ForeignMessageLite a;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.ParseFromString(data));
+  io::CodedInputStream input_stream(
+      reinterpret_cast<const ::google::protobuf::uint8*>(data.data()), data.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.MergePartialFromCodedStream(&input_stream));
+
+  std::string serialized = a.SerializeAsString();
+  EXPECT_EQ(serialized.substr(0, 2), data);
+  EXPECT_EQ(serialized.substr(2), data);
+}
+
+// The following two tests check for wire compatibility between packed and
+// unpacked repeated fields. There used to be a bug in the generated parsing
+// code that caused us to calculate the highest possible tag number without
+// taking into account that a repeated field might not be in the packed (or
+// unpacked) state we expect. These tests specifically check for that issue by
+// making sure we can parse repeated fields when the tag is higher than we would
+// expect.
+TEST(Lite, AllLite46) {
+  protobuf_unittest::PackedInt32 packed;
+  packed.add_repeated_int32(42);
+  std::string serialized;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(packed.SerializeToString(&serialized));
+
+  protobuf_unittest::NonPackedInt32 non_packed;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(non_packed.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, non_packed.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, non_packed.repeated_int32(0));
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AllLite47) {
+  protobuf_unittest::NonPackedFixed32 non_packed;
+  non_packed.add_repeated_fixed32(42);
+  std::string serialized;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(non_packed.SerializeToString(&serialized));
+
+  protobuf_unittest::PackedFixed32 packed;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(packed.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, packed.repeated_fixed32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, packed.repeated_fixed32(0));
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, MapCrash) {
+  // See b/113635730
+  Arena arena;
+  auto msg = Arena::CreateMessage<protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite>(&arena);
+  // Payload for the map<string, Enum> with a enum varint that's longer >
+  // 10 bytes. This causes a parse fail and a subsequent delete. field 16
+  // (map<int32, MapEnumLite>) tag = 128+2 = \202 \1
+  //   13 long \15
+  //   int32 key = 1  (\10 \1)
+  //   MapEnumLite value = too long varint (parse error)
+  EXPECT_FALSE(msg->ParseFromString(
+      "\202\1\15\10\1\200\200\200\200\200\200\200\200\200\200\1"));
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, CorrectEnding) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite msg;
+  {
+    // All proto wireformat parsers should act the same on parsing data in as
+    // much as it concerns the parsing, ie. not the interpretation of the data.
+    // TestAllTypesLite is not a group inside another message. So in practice
+    // will not encounter an end-group tag. However the parser should behave
+    // like any wire format parser should.
+    static const char kWireFormat[] = "\204\1";
+    io::CodedInputStream cis(reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(kWireFormat), 2);
+    // The old CodedInputStream parser got an optimization (ReadTagNoLastTag)
+    // for non-group messages (like TestAllTypesLite) which made it not accept
+    // end-group. This is not a real big deal, but I think going forward its
+    // good to have all parse loops behave 'exactly' the same.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(msg.MergePartialFromCodedStream(&cis));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(cis.ConsumedEntireMessage());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(cis.LastTagWas(132));
+  }
+  {
+    // This is an incomplete end-group tag. This should be a genuine parse
+    // failure.
+    static const char kWireFormat[] = "\214";
+    io::CodedInputStream cis(reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(kWireFormat), 1);
+    // Unfortunately the old parser detects a parse error in ReadTag and returns
+    // 0 (as it states 0 is an invalid tag). However 0 is not an invalid tag
+    // as it can be used to terminate the stream, so this returns true.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(msg.MergePartialFromCodedStream(&cis));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, DebugString) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite message1, message2;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefixString(message1.DebugString(), "MessageLite at 0x"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefixString(message2.DebugString(), "MessageLite at 0x"));
+
+  // DebugString() and ShortDebugString() are the same for now.
+  EXPECT_EQ(message1.DebugString(), message1.ShortDebugString());
+
+  // Even identical lite protos should have different DebugString() output. Part
+  // of the reason for including the memory address is so that we get some
+  // non-determinism, which should make it easier for us to change the output
+  // later without breaking any code.
+  EXPECT_NE(message1.DebugString(), message2.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, EnumValueToName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("FOREIGN_LITE_FOO", protobuf_unittest::ForeignEnumLite_Name(
+                                    protobuf_unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO));
+  EXPECT_EQ("FOREIGN_LITE_BAR", protobuf_unittest::ForeignEnumLite_Name(
+                                    protobuf_unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR));
+  EXPECT_EQ("FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ", protobuf_unittest::ForeignEnumLite_Name(
+                                    protobuf_unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", protobuf_unittest::ForeignEnumLite_Name(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", protobuf_unittest::ForeignEnumLite_Name(999));
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, NestedEnumValueToName) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("FOO", protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::NestedEnum_Name(
+                       protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::FOO));
+  EXPECT_EQ("BAR", protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::NestedEnum_Name(
+                       protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAR));
+  EXPECT_EQ("BAZ", protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::NestedEnum_Name(
+                       protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAZ));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::NestedEnum_Name(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::NestedEnum_Name(999));
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, EnumNameToValue) {
+  protobuf_unittest::ForeignEnumLite value;
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      protobuf_unittest::ForeignEnumLite_Parse("FOREIGN_LITE_FOO", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO, value);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      protobuf_unittest::ForeignEnumLite_Parse("FOREIGN_LITE_BAR", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR, value);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      protobuf_unittest::ForeignEnumLite_Parse("FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ, value);
+
+  // Non-existent values
+  EXPECT_FALSE(protobuf_unittest::ForeignEnumLite_Parse("E", &value));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      protobuf_unittest::ForeignEnumLite_Parse("FOREIGN_LITE_C", &value));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(protobuf_unittest::ForeignEnumLite_Parse("G", &value));
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, NestedEnumNameToValue) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::NestedEnum value;
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::NestedEnum_Parse("FOO", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::FOO, value);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::NestedEnum_Parse("BAR", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAR, value);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::NestedEnum_Parse("BAZ", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAZ, value);
+
+  // Non-existent values
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::NestedEnum_Parse("A", &value));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::NestedEnum_Parse("C", &value));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypesLite::NestedEnum_Parse("G", &value));
+}
+
+TEST(Lite, AliasedEnum) {
+  // Enums with allow_alias = true can have multiple entries with the same
+  // value.
+  EXPECT_EQ("FOO1", protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::TestEnumWithDupValueLite_Name(
+                        protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::FOO1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("FOO1", protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::TestEnumWithDupValueLite_Name(
+                        protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::FOO2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("BAR1", protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::TestEnumWithDupValueLite_Name(
+                        protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::BAR1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("BAR1", protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::TestEnumWithDupValueLite_Name(
+                        protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::BAR2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("BAZ", protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::TestEnumWithDupValueLite_Name(
+                       protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::BAZ));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::TestEnumWithDupValueLite_Name(999));
+
+  protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::TestEnumWithDupValueLite value;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::TestEnumWithDupValueLite_Parse("FOO1", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::FOO1, value);
+
+  value = static_cast<protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::TestEnumWithDupValueLite>(0);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::TestEnumWithDupValueLite_Parse("FOO2", &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::DupEnum::FOO2, value);
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc9770159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1224 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file defines the map container and its helpers to support protobuf maps.
+//
+// The Map and MapIterator types are provided by this header file.
+// Please avoid using other types defined here, unless they are public
+// types within Map or MapIterator, such as Map::value_type.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_H__
+
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <limits>  // To support Visual Studio 2008
+#include <set>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+class Map;
+
+class MapIterator;
+
+template <typename Enum>
+struct is_proto_enum;
+
+namespace internal {
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type, int default_enum_value>
+class MapFieldLite;
+
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type, int default_enum_value>
+class MapField;
+
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+class TypeDefinedMapFieldBase;
+
+class DynamicMapField;
+
+class GeneratedMessageReflection;
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// This is the class for Map's internal value_type. Instead of using
+// std::pair as value_type, we use this class which provides us more control of
+// its process of construction and destruction.
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+class MapPair {
+ public:
+  typedef const Key first_type;
+  typedef T second_type;
+
+  MapPair(const Key& other_first, const T& other_second)
+      : first(other_first), second(other_second) {}
+  explicit MapPair(const Key& other_first) : first(other_first), second() {}
+  MapPair(const MapPair& other) : first(other.first), second(other.second) {}
+
+  ~MapPair() {}
+
+  // Implicitly convertible to std::pair of compatible types.
+  template <typename T1, typename T2>
+  operator std::pair<T1, T2>() const {
+    return std::pair<T1, T2>(first, second);
+  }
+
+  const Key first;
+  T second;
+
+ private:
+  friend class Arena;
+  friend class Map<Key, T>;
+};
+
+// Map is an associative container type used to store protobuf map
+// fields.  Each Map instance may or may not use a different hash function, a
+// different iteration order, and so on.  E.g., please don't examine
+// implementation details to decide if the following would work:
+//  Map<int, int> m0, m1;
+//  m0[0] = m1[0] = m0[1] = m1[1] = 0;
+//  assert(m0.begin()->first == m1.begin()->first);  // Bug!
+//
+// Map's interface is similar to std::unordered_map, except that Map is not
+// designed to play well with exceptions.
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+class Map {
+ public:
+  typedef Key key_type;
+  typedef T mapped_type;
+  typedef MapPair<Key, T> value_type;
+
+  typedef value_type* pointer;
+  typedef const value_type* const_pointer;
+  typedef value_type& reference;
+  typedef const value_type& const_reference;
+
+  typedef size_t size_type;
+  typedef hash<Key> hasher;
+
+  Map() : arena_(NULL), default_enum_value_(0) { Init(); }
+  explicit Map(Arena* arena) : arena_(arena), default_enum_value_(0) { Init(); }
+
+  Map(const Map& other)
+      : arena_(NULL), default_enum_value_(other.default_enum_value_) {
+    Init();
+    insert(other.begin(), other.end());
+  }
+
+  Map(Map&& other) noexcept : Map() {
+    if (other.arena_) {
+      *this = other;
+    } else {
+      swap(other);
+    }
+  }
+  Map& operator=(Map&& other) noexcept {
+    if (this != &other) {
+      if (arena_ != other.arena_) {
+        *this = other;
+      } else {
+        swap(other);
+      }
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  template <class InputIt>
+  Map(const InputIt& first, const InputIt& last)
+      : arena_(NULL), default_enum_value_(0) {
+    Init();
+    insert(first, last);
+  }
+
+  ~Map() {
+    clear();
+    if (arena_ == NULL) {
+      delete elements_;
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void Init() {
+    elements_ =
+        Arena::Create<InnerMap>(arena_, 0u, hasher(), Allocator(arena_));
+  }
+
+  // re-implement std::allocator to use arena allocator for memory allocation.
+  // Used for Map implementation. Users should not use this class
+  // directly.
+  template <typename U>
+  class MapAllocator {
+   public:
+    typedef U value_type;
+    typedef value_type* pointer;
+    typedef const value_type* const_pointer;
+    typedef value_type& reference;
+    typedef const value_type& const_reference;
+    typedef size_t size_type;
+    typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+
+    MapAllocator() : arena_(NULL) {}
+    explicit MapAllocator(Arena* arena) : arena_(arena) {}
+    template <typename X>
+    MapAllocator(const MapAllocator<X>& allocator)
+        : arena_(allocator.arena()) {}
+
+    pointer allocate(size_type n, const void* /* hint */ = 0) {
+      // If arena is not given, malloc needs to be called which doesn't
+      // construct element object.
+      if (arena_ == NULL) {
+        return static_cast<pointer>(::operator new(n * sizeof(value_type)));
+      } else {
+        return reinterpret_cast<pointer>(
+            Arena::CreateArray<uint8>(arena_, n * sizeof(value_type)));
+      }
+    }
+
+    void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) {
+      if (arena_ == NULL) {
+#if defined(__GXX_DELETE_WITH_SIZE__) || defined(__cpp_sized_deallocation)
+        ::operator delete(p, n * sizeof(value_type));
+#else
+        (void)n;
+        ::operator delete(p);
+#endif
+      }
+    }
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L && !defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_APPLE) && \
+    !defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_NACL) &&                            \
+    !defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_EMSCRIPTEN)
+    template <class NodeType, class... Args>
+    void construct(NodeType* p, Args&&... args) {
+      // Clang 3.6 doesn't compile static casting to void* directly. (Issue
+      // #1266) According C++ standard 5.2.9/1: "The static_cast operator shall
+      // not cast away constness". So first the maybe const pointer is casted to
+      // const void* and after the const void* is const casted.
+      new (const_cast<void*>(static_cast<const void*>(p)))
+          NodeType(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template <class NodeType>
+    void destroy(NodeType* p) {
+      p->~NodeType();
+    }
+#else
+    void construct(pointer p, const_reference t) { new (p) value_type(t); }
+
+    void destroy(pointer p) { p->~value_type(); }
+#endif
+
+    template <typename X>
+    struct rebind {
+      typedef MapAllocator<X> other;
+    };
+
+    template <typename X>
+    bool operator==(const MapAllocator<X>& other) const {
+      return arena_ == other.arena_;
+    }
+
+    template <typename X>
+    bool operator!=(const MapAllocator<X>& other) const {
+      return arena_ != other.arena_;
+    }
+
+    // To support Visual Studio 2008
+    size_type max_size() const {
+      // parentheses around (std::...:max) prevents macro warning of max()
+      return (std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max)();
+    }
+
+    // To support gcc-4.4, which does not properly
+    // support templated friend classes
+    Arena* arena() const { return arena_; }
+
+   private:
+    typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+    Arena* const arena_;
+  };
+
+  // InnerMap's key type is Key and its value type is value_type*.  We use a
+  // custom class here and for Node, below, to ensure that k_ is at offset 0,
+  // allowing safe conversion from pointer to Node to pointer to Key, and vice
+  // versa when appropriate.
+  class KeyValuePair {
+   public:
+    KeyValuePair(const Key& k, value_type* v) : k_(k), v_(v) {}
+
+    const Key& key() const { return k_; }
+    Key& key() { return k_; }
+    value_type* value() const { return v_; }
+    value_type*& value() { return v_; }
+
+   private:
+    Key k_;
+    value_type* v_;
+  };
+
+  typedef MapAllocator<KeyValuePair> Allocator;
+
+  // InnerMap is a generic hash-based map.  It doesn't contain any
+  // protocol-buffer-specific logic.  It is a chaining hash map with the
+  // additional feature that some buckets can be converted to use an ordered
+  // container.  This ensures O(lg n) bounds on find, insert, and erase, while
+  // avoiding the overheads of ordered containers most of the time.
+  //
+  // The implementation doesn't need the full generality of unordered_map,
+  // and it doesn't have it.  More bells and whistles can be added as needed.
+  // Some implementation details:
+  // 1. The hash function has type hasher and the equality function
+  //    equal_to<Key>.  We inherit from hasher to save space
+  //    (empty-base-class optimization).
+  // 2. The number of buckets is a power of two.
+  // 3. Buckets are converted to trees in pairs: if we convert bucket b then
+  //    buckets b and b^1 will share a tree.  Invariant: buckets b and b^1 have
+  //    the same non-NULL value iff they are sharing a tree.  (An alternative
+  //    implementation strategy would be to have a tag bit per bucket.)
+  // 4. As is typical for hash_map and such, the Keys and Values are always
+  //    stored in linked list nodes.  Pointers to elements are never invalidated
+  //    until the element is deleted.
+  // 5. The trees' payload type is pointer to linked-list node.  Tree-converting
+  //    a bucket doesn't copy Key-Value pairs.
+  // 6. Once we've tree-converted a bucket, it is never converted back. However,
+  //    the items a tree contains may wind up assigned to trees or lists upon a
+  //    rehash.
+  // 7. The code requires no C++ features from C++11 or later.
+  // 8. Mutations to a map do not invalidate the map's iterators, pointers to
+  //    elements, or references to elements.
+  // 9. Except for erase(iterator), any non-const method can reorder iterators.
+  class InnerMap : private hasher {
+   public:
+    typedef value_type* Value;
+
+    InnerMap(size_type n, hasher h, Allocator alloc)
+        : hasher(h),
+          num_elements_(0),
+          seed_(Seed()),
+          table_(NULL),
+          alloc_(alloc) {
+      n = TableSize(n);
+      table_ = CreateEmptyTable(n);
+      num_buckets_ = index_of_first_non_null_ = n;
+    }
+
+    ~InnerMap() {
+      if (table_ != NULL) {
+        clear();
+        Dealloc<void*>(table_, num_buckets_);
+      }
+    }
+
+   private:
+    enum { kMinTableSize = 8 };
+
+    // Linked-list nodes, as one would expect for a chaining hash table.
+    struct Node {
+      KeyValuePair kv;
+      Node* next;
+    };
+
+    // This is safe only if the given pointer is known to point to a Key that is
+    // part of a Node.
+    static Node* NodePtrFromKeyPtr(Key* k) {
+      return reinterpret_cast<Node*>(k);
+    }
+
+    static Key* KeyPtrFromNodePtr(Node* node) { return &node->kv.key(); }
+
+    // Trees.  The payload type is pointer to Key, so that we can query the tree
+    // with Keys that are not in any particular data structure.  When we insert,
+    // though, the pointer is always pointing to a Key that is inside a Node.
+    struct KeyCompare {
+      bool operator()(const Key* n0, const Key* n1) const { return *n0 < *n1; }
+    };
+    typedef typename Allocator::template rebind<Key*>::other KeyPtrAllocator;
+    typedef std::set<Key*, KeyCompare, KeyPtrAllocator> Tree;
+    typedef typename Tree::iterator TreeIterator;
+
+    // iterator and const_iterator are instantiations of iterator_base.
+    template <typename KeyValueType>
+    struct iterator_base {
+      typedef KeyValueType& reference;
+      typedef KeyValueType* pointer;
+
+      // Invariants:
+      // node_ is always correct. This is handy because the most common
+      // operations are operator* and operator-> and they only use node_.
+      // When node_ is set to a non-NULL value, all the other non-const fields
+      // are updated to be correct also, but those fields can become stale
+      // if the underlying map is modified.  When those fields are needed they
+      // are rechecked, and updated if necessary.
+      iterator_base() : node_(NULL), m_(NULL), bucket_index_(0) {}
+
+      explicit iterator_base(const InnerMap* m) : m_(m) {
+        SearchFrom(m->index_of_first_non_null_);
+      }
+
+      // Any iterator_base can convert to any other.  This is overkill, and we
+      // rely on the enclosing class to use it wisely.  The standard "iterator
+      // can convert to const_iterator" is OK but the reverse direction is not.
+      template <typename U>
+      explicit iterator_base(const iterator_base<U>& it)
+          : node_(it.node_), m_(it.m_), bucket_index_(it.bucket_index_) {}
+
+      iterator_base(Node* n, const InnerMap* m, size_type index)
+          : node_(n), m_(m), bucket_index_(index) {}
+
+      iterator_base(TreeIterator tree_it, const InnerMap* m, size_type index)
+          : node_(NodePtrFromKeyPtr(*tree_it)), m_(m), bucket_index_(index) {
+        // Invariant: iterators that use buckets with trees have an even
+        // bucket_index_.
+        GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(bucket_index_ % 2, 0u);
+      }
+
+      // Advance through buckets, looking for the first that isn't empty.
+      // If nothing non-empty is found then leave node_ == NULL.
+      void SearchFrom(size_type start_bucket) {
+        GOOGLE_DCHECK(m_->index_of_first_non_null_ == m_->num_buckets_ ||
+               m_->table_[m_->index_of_first_non_null_] != NULL);
+        node_ = NULL;
+        for (bucket_index_ = start_bucket; bucket_index_ < m_->num_buckets_;
+             bucket_index_++) {
+          if (m_->TableEntryIsNonEmptyList(bucket_index_)) {
+            node_ = static_cast<Node*>(m_->table_[bucket_index_]);
+            break;
+          } else if (m_->TableEntryIsTree(bucket_index_)) {
+            Tree* tree = static_cast<Tree*>(m_->table_[bucket_index_]);
+            GOOGLE_DCHECK(!tree->empty());
+            node_ = NodePtrFromKeyPtr(*tree->begin());
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      reference operator*() const { return node_->kv; }
+      pointer operator->() const { return &(operator*()); }
+
+      friend bool operator==(const iterator_base& a, const iterator_base& b) {
+        return a.node_ == b.node_;
+      }
+      friend bool operator!=(const iterator_base& a, const iterator_base& b) {
+        return a.node_ != b.node_;
+      }
+
+      iterator_base& operator++() {
+        if (node_->next == NULL) {
+          TreeIterator tree_it;
+          const bool is_list = revalidate_if_necessary(&tree_it);
+          if (is_list) {
+            SearchFrom(bucket_index_ + 1);
+          } else {
+            GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(bucket_index_ & 1, 0u);
+            Tree* tree = static_cast<Tree*>(m_->table_[bucket_index_]);
+            if (++tree_it == tree->end()) {
+              SearchFrom(bucket_index_ + 2);
+            } else {
+              node_ = NodePtrFromKeyPtr(*tree_it);
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          node_ = node_->next;
+        }
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      iterator_base operator++(int /* unused */) {
+        iterator_base tmp = *this;
+        ++*this;
+        return tmp;
+      }
+
+      // Assumes node_ and m_ are correct and non-NULL, but other fields may be
+      // stale.  Fix them as needed.  Then return true iff node_ points to a
+      // Node in a list.  If false is returned then *it is modified to be
+      // a valid iterator for node_.
+      bool revalidate_if_necessary(TreeIterator* it) {
+        GOOGLE_DCHECK(node_ != NULL && m_ != NULL);
+        // Force bucket_index_ to be in range.
+        bucket_index_ &= (m_->num_buckets_ - 1);
+        // Common case: the bucket we think is relevant points to node_.
+        if (m_->table_[bucket_index_] == static_cast<void*>(node_)) return true;
+        // Less common: the bucket is a linked list with node_ somewhere in it,
+        // but not at the head.
+        if (m_->TableEntryIsNonEmptyList(bucket_index_)) {
+          Node* l = static_cast<Node*>(m_->table_[bucket_index_]);
+          while ((l = l->next) != NULL) {
+            if (l == node_) {
+              return true;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        // Well, bucket_index_ still might be correct, but probably
+        // not.  Revalidate just to be sure.  This case is rare enough that we
+        // don't worry about potential optimizations, such as having a custom
+        // find-like method that compares Node* instead of const Key&.
+        iterator_base i(m_->find(*KeyPtrFromNodePtr(node_), it));
+        bucket_index_ = i.bucket_index_;
+        return m_->TableEntryIsList(bucket_index_);
+      }
+
+      Node* node_;
+      const InnerMap* m_;
+      size_type bucket_index_;
+    };
+
+   public:
+    typedef iterator_base<KeyValuePair> iterator;
+    typedef iterator_base<const KeyValuePair> const_iterator;
+
+    iterator begin() { return iterator(this); }
+    iterator end() { return iterator(); }
+    const_iterator begin() const { return const_iterator(this); }
+    const_iterator end() const { return const_iterator(); }
+
+    void clear() {
+      for (size_type b = 0; b < num_buckets_; b++) {
+        if (TableEntryIsNonEmptyList(b)) {
+          Node* node = static_cast<Node*>(table_[b]);
+          table_[b] = NULL;
+          do {
+            Node* next = node->next;
+            DestroyNode(node);
+            node = next;
+          } while (node != NULL);
+        } else if (TableEntryIsTree(b)) {
+          Tree* tree = static_cast<Tree*>(table_[b]);
+          GOOGLE_DCHECK(table_[b] == table_[b + 1] && (b & 1) == 0);
+          table_[b] = table_[b + 1] = NULL;
+          typename Tree::iterator tree_it = tree->begin();
+          do {
+            Node* node = NodePtrFromKeyPtr(*tree_it);
+            typename Tree::iterator next = tree_it;
+            ++next;
+            tree->erase(tree_it);
+            DestroyNode(node);
+            tree_it = next;
+          } while (tree_it != tree->end());
+          DestroyTree(tree);
+          b++;
+        }
+      }
+      num_elements_ = 0;
+      index_of_first_non_null_ = num_buckets_;
+    }
+
+    const hasher& hash_function() const { return *this; }
+
+    static size_type max_size() {
+      return static_cast<size_type>(1) << (sizeof(void**) >= 8 ? 60 : 28);
+    }
+    size_type size() const { return num_elements_; }
+    bool empty() const { return size() == 0; }
+
+    iterator find(const Key& k) { return iterator(FindHelper(k).first); }
+    const_iterator find(const Key& k) const { return find(k, NULL); }
+    bool contains(const Key& k) const { return find(k) != end(); }
+
+    // In traditional C++ style, this performs "insert if not present."
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(const KeyValuePair& kv) {
+      std::pair<const_iterator, size_type> p = FindHelper(kv.key());
+      // Case 1: key was already present.
+      if (p.first.node_ != NULL)
+        return std::make_pair(iterator(p.first), false);
+      // Case 2: insert.
+      if (ResizeIfLoadIsOutOfRange(num_elements_ + 1)) {
+        p = FindHelper(kv.key());
+      }
+      const size_type b = p.second;  // bucket number
+      Node* node = Alloc<Node>(1);
+      alloc_.construct(&node->kv, kv);
+      iterator result = InsertUnique(b, node);
+      ++num_elements_;
+      return std::make_pair(result, true);
+    }
+
+    // The same, but if an insertion is necessary then the value portion of the
+    // inserted key-value pair is left uninitialized.
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(const Key& k) {
+      std::pair<const_iterator, size_type> p = FindHelper(k);
+      // Case 1: key was already present.
+      if (p.first.node_ != NULL)
+        return std::make_pair(iterator(p.first), false);
+      // Case 2: insert.
+      if (ResizeIfLoadIsOutOfRange(num_elements_ + 1)) {
+        p = FindHelper(k);
+      }
+      const size_type b = p.second;  // bucket number
+      Node* node = Alloc<Node>(1);
+      typedef typename Allocator::template rebind<Key>::other KeyAllocator;
+      KeyAllocator(alloc_).construct(&node->kv.key(), k);
+      iterator result = InsertUnique(b, node);
+      ++num_elements_;
+      return std::make_pair(result, true);
+    }
+
+    Value& operator[](const Key& k) {
+      KeyValuePair kv(k, Value());
+      return insert(kv).first->value();
+    }
+
+    void erase(iterator it) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(it.m_, this);
+      typename Tree::iterator tree_it;
+      const bool is_list = it.revalidate_if_necessary(&tree_it);
+      size_type b = it.bucket_index_;
+      Node* const item = it.node_;
+      if (is_list) {
+        GOOGLE_DCHECK(TableEntryIsNonEmptyList(b));
+        Node* head = static_cast<Node*>(table_[b]);
+        head = EraseFromLinkedList(item, head);
+        table_[b] = static_cast<void*>(head);
+      } else {
+        GOOGLE_DCHECK(TableEntryIsTree(b));
+        Tree* tree = static_cast<Tree*>(table_[b]);
+        tree->erase(*tree_it);
+        if (tree->empty()) {
+          // Force b to be the minimum of b and b ^ 1.  This is important
+          // only because we want index_of_first_non_null_ to be correct.
+          b &= ~static_cast<size_type>(1);
+          DestroyTree(tree);
+          table_[b] = table_[b + 1] = NULL;
+        }
+      }
+      DestroyNode(item);
+      --num_elements_;
+      if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(b == index_of_first_non_null_)) {
+        while (index_of_first_non_null_ < num_buckets_ &&
+               table_[index_of_first_non_null_] == NULL) {
+          ++index_of_first_non_null_;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const_iterator find(const Key& k, TreeIterator* it) const {
+      return FindHelper(k, it).first;
+    }
+    std::pair<const_iterator, size_type> FindHelper(const Key& k) const {
+      return FindHelper(k, NULL);
+    }
+    std::pair<const_iterator, size_type> FindHelper(const Key& k,
+                                                    TreeIterator* it) const {
+      size_type b = BucketNumber(k);
+      if (TableEntryIsNonEmptyList(b)) {
+        Node* node = static_cast<Node*>(table_[b]);
+        do {
+          if (IsMatch(*KeyPtrFromNodePtr(node), k)) {
+            return std::make_pair(const_iterator(node, this, b), b);
+          } else {
+            node = node->next;
+          }
+        } while (node != NULL);
+      } else if (TableEntryIsTree(b)) {
+        GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(table_[b], table_[b ^ 1]);
+        b &= ~static_cast<size_t>(1);
+        Tree* tree = static_cast<Tree*>(table_[b]);
+        Key* key = const_cast<Key*>(&k);
+        typename Tree::iterator tree_it = tree->find(key);
+        if (tree_it != tree->end()) {
+          if (it != NULL) *it = tree_it;
+          return std::make_pair(const_iterator(tree_it, this, b), b);
+        }
+      }
+      return std::make_pair(end(), b);
+    }
+
+    // Insert the given Node in bucket b.  If that would make bucket b too big,
+    // and bucket b is not a tree, create a tree for buckets b and b^1 to share.
+    // Requires count(*KeyPtrFromNodePtr(node)) == 0 and that b is the correct
+    // bucket.  num_elements_ is not modified.
+    iterator InsertUnique(size_type b, Node* node) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(index_of_first_non_null_ == num_buckets_ ||
+             table_[index_of_first_non_null_] != NULL);
+      // In practice, the code that led to this point may have already
+      // determined whether we are inserting into an empty list, a short list,
+      // or whatever.  But it's probably cheap enough to recompute that here;
+      // it's likely that we're inserting into an empty or short list.
+      iterator result;
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(find(*KeyPtrFromNodePtr(node)) == end());
+      if (TableEntryIsEmpty(b)) {
+        result = InsertUniqueInList(b, node);
+      } else if (TableEntryIsNonEmptyList(b)) {
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(TableEntryIsTooLong(b))) {
+          TreeConvert(b);
+          result = InsertUniqueInTree(b, node);
+          GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(result.bucket_index_, b & ~static_cast<size_type>(1));
+        } else {
+          // Insert into a pre-existing list.  This case cannot modify
+          // index_of_first_non_null_, so we skip the code to update it.
+          return InsertUniqueInList(b, node);
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Insert into a pre-existing tree.  This case cannot modify
+        // index_of_first_non_null_, so we skip the code to update it.
+        return InsertUniqueInTree(b, node);
+      }
+      // parentheses around (std::min) prevents macro expansion of min(...)
+      index_of_first_non_null_ =
+          (std::min)(index_of_first_non_null_, result.bucket_index_);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    // Helper for InsertUnique.  Handles the case where bucket b is a
+    // not-too-long linked list.
+    iterator InsertUniqueInList(size_type b, Node* node) {
+      node->next = static_cast<Node*>(table_[b]);
+      table_[b] = static_cast<void*>(node);
+      return iterator(node, this, b);
+    }
+
+    // Helper for InsertUnique.  Handles the case where bucket b points to a
+    // Tree.
+    iterator InsertUniqueInTree(size_type b, Node* node) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(table_[b], table_[b ^ 1]);
+      // Maintain the invariant that node->next is NULL for all Nodes in Trees.
+      node->next = NULL;
+      return iterator(
+          static_cast<Tree*>(table_[b])->insert(KeyPtrFromNodePtr(node)).first,
+          this, b & ~static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    }
+
+    // Returns whether it did resize.  Currently this is only used when
+    // num_elements_ increases, though it could be used in other situations.
+    // It checks for load too low as well as load too high: because any number
+    // of erases can occur between inserts, the load could be as low as 0 here.
+    // Resizing to a lower size is not always helpful, but failing to do so can
+    // destroy the expected big-O bounds for some operations. By having the
+    // policy that sometimes we resize down as well as up, clients can easily
+    // keep O(size()) = O(number of buckets) if they want that.
+    bool ResizeIfLoadIsOutOfRange(size_type new_size) {
+      const size_type kMaxMapLoadTimes16 = 12;  // controls RAM vs CPU tradeoff
+      const size_type hi_cutoff = num_buckets_ * kMaxMapLoadTimes16 / 16;
+      const size_type lo_cutoff = hi_cutoff / 4;
+      // We don't care how many elements are in trees.  If a lot are,
+      // we may resize even though there are many empty buckets.  In
+      // practice, this seems fine.
+      if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(new_size >= hi_cutoff)) {
+        if (num_buckets_ <= max_size() / 2) {
+          Resize(num_buckets_ * 2);
+          return true;
+        }
+      } else if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(new_size <= lo_cutoff &&
+                                        num_buckets_ > kMinTableSize)) {
+        size_type lg2_of_size_reduction_factor = 1;
+        // It's possible we want to shrink a lot here... size() could even be 0.
+        // So, estimate how much to shrink by making sure we don't shrink so
+        // much that we would need to grow the table after a few inserts.
+        const size_type hypothetical_size = new_size * 5 / 4 + 1;
+        while ((hypothetical_size << lg2_of_size_reduction_factor) <
+               hi_cutoff) {
+          ++lg2_of_size_reduction_factor;
+        }
+        size_type new_num_buckets = std::max<size_type>(
+            kMinTableSize, num_buckets_ >> lg2_of_size_reduction_factor);
+        if (new_num_buckets != num_buckets_) {
+          Resize(new_num_buckets);
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Resize to the given number of buckets.
+    void Resize(size_t new_num_buckets) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(new_num_buckets, kMinTableSize);
+      void** const old_table = table_;
+      const size_type old_table_size = num_buckets_;
+      num_buckets_ = new_num_buckets;
+      table_ = CreateEmptyTable(num_buckets_);
+      const size_type start = index_of_first_non_null_;
+      index_of_first_non_null_ = num_buckets_;
+      for (size_type i = start; i < old_table_size; i++) {
+        if (TableEntryIsNonEmptyList(old_table, i)) {
+          TransferList(old_table, i);
+        } else if (TableEntryIsTree(old_table, i)) {
+          TransferTree(old_table, i++);
+        }
+      }
+      Dealloc<void*>(old_table, old_table_size);
+    }
+
+    void TransferList(void* const* table, size_type index) {
+      Node* node = static_cast<Node*>(table[index]);
+      do {
+        Node* next = node->next;
+        InsertUnique(BucketNumber(*KeyPtrFromNodePtr(node)), node);
+        node = next;
+      } while (node != NULL);
+    }
+
+    void TransferTree(void* const* table, size_type index) {
+      Tree* tree = static_cast<Tree*>(table[index]);
+      typename Tree::iterator tree_it = tree->begin();
+      do {
+        Node* node = NodePtrFromKeyPtr(*tree_it);
+        InsertUnique(BucketNumber(**tree_it), node);
+      } while (++tree_it != tree->end());
+      DestroyTree(tree);
+    }
+
+    Node* EraseFromLinkedList(Node* item, Node* head) {
+      if (head == item) {
+        return head->next;
+      } else {
+        head->next = EraseFromLinkedList(item, head->next);
+        return head;
+      }
+    }
+
+    bool TableEntryIsEmpty(size_type b) const {
+      return TableEntryIsEmpty(table_, b);
+    }
+    bool TableEntryIsNonEmptyList(size_type b) const {
+      return TableEntryIsNonEmptyList(table_, b);
+    }
+    bool TableEntryIsTree(size_type b) const {
+      return TableEntryIsTree(table_, b);
+    }
+    bool TableEntryIsList(size_type b) const {
+      return TableEntryIsList(table_, b);
+    }
+    static bool TableEntryIsEmpty(void* const* table, size_type b) {
+      return table[b] == NULL;
+    }
+    static bool TableEntryIsNonEmptyList(void* const* table, size_type b) {
+      return table[b] != NULL && table[b] != table[b ^ 1];
+    }
+    static bool TableEntryIsTree(void* const* table, size_type b) {
+      return !TableEntryIsEmpty(table, b) &&
+             !TableEntryIsNonEmptyList(table, b);
+    }
+    static bool TableEntryIsList(void* const* table, size_type b) {
+      return !TableEntryIsTree(table, b);
+    }
+
+    void TreeConvert(size_type b) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(!TableEntryIsTree(b) && !TableEntryIsTree(b ^ 1));
+      typename Allocator::template rebind<Tree>::other tree_allocator(alloc_);
+      Tree* tree = tree_allocator.allocate(1);
+      // We want to use the three-arg form of construct, if it exists, but we
+      // create a temporary and use the two-arg construct that's known to exist.
+      // It's clunky, but the compiler should be able to generate more-or-less
+      // the same code.
+      tree_allocator.construct(tree,
+                               Tree(KeyCompare(), KeyPtrAllocator(alloc_)));
+      // Now the tree is ready to use.
+      size_type count = CopyListToTree(b, tree) + CopyListToTree(b ^ 1, tree);
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(count, tree->size());
+      table_[b] = table_[b ^ 1] = static_cast<void*>(tree);
+    }
+
+    // Copy a linked list in the given bucket to a tree.
+    // Returns the number of things it copied.
+    size_type CopyListToTree(size_type b, Tree* tree) {
+      size_type count = 0;
+      Node* node = static_cast<Node*>(table_[b]);
+      while (node != NULL) {
+        tree->insert(KeyPtrFromNodePtr(node));
+        ++count;
+        Node* next = node->next;
+        node->next = NULL;
+        node = next;
+      }
+      return count;
+    }
+
+    // Return whether table_[b] is a linked list that seems awfully long.
+    // Requires table_[b] to point to a non-empty linked list.
+    bool TableEntryIsTooLong(size_type b) {
+      const size_type kMaxLength = 8;
+      size_type count = 0;
+      Node* node = static_cast<Node*>(table_[b]);
+      do {
+        ++count;
+        node = node->next;
+      } while (node != NULL);
+      // Invariant: no linked list ever is more than kMaxLength in length.
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(count, kMaxLength);
+      return count >= kMaxLength;
+    }
+
+    size_type BucketNumber(const Key& k) const {
+      // We inherit from hasher, so one-arg operator() provides a hash function.
+      size_type h = (*const_cast<InnerMap*>(this))(k);
+      return (h + seed_) & (num_buckets_ - 1);
+    }
+
+    bool IsMatch(const Key& k0, const Key& k1) const {
+      return std::equal_to<Key>()(k0, k1);
+    }
+
+    // Return a power of two no less than max(kMinTableSize, n).
+    // Assumes either n < kMinTableSize or n is a power of two.
+    size_type TableSize(size_type n) {
+      return n < static_cast<size_type>(kMinTableSize)
+                 ? static_cast<size_type>(kMinTableSize)
+                 : n;
+    }
+
+    // Use alloc_ to allocate an array of n objects of type U.
+    template <typename U>
+    U* Alloc(size_type n) {
+      typedef typename Allocator::template rebind<U>::other alloc_type;
+      return alloc_type(alloc_).allocate(n);
+    }
+
+    // Use alloc_ to deallocate an array of n objects of type U.
+    template <typename U>
+    void Dealloc(U* t, size_type n) {
+      typedef typename Allocator::template rebind<U>::other alloc_type;
+      alloc_type(alloc_).deallocate(t, n);
+    }
+
+    void DestroyNode(Node* node) {
+      alloc_.destroy(&node->kv);
+      Dealloc<Node>(node, 1);
+    }
+
+    void DestroyTree(Tree* tree) {
+      typename Allocator::template rebind<Tree>::other tree_allocator(alloc_);
+      tree_allocator.destroy(tree);
+      tree_allocator.deallocate(tree, 1);
+    }
+
+    void** CreateEmptyTable(size_type n) {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(n >= kMinTableSize);
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(n & (n - 1), 0);
+      void** result = Alloc<void*>(n);
+      memset(result, 0, n * sizeof(result[0]));
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    // Return a randomish value.
+    size_type Seed() const {
+      size_type s = static_cast<size_type>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(this));
+#if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__GNUC__) && \
+    !defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RDTSC)
+      uint32 hi, lo;
+      asm("rdtsc" : "=a"(lo), "=d"(hi));
+      s += ((static_cast<uint64>(hi) << 32) | lo);
+#endif
+      return s;
+    }
+
+    size_type num_elements_;
+    size_type num_buckets_;
+    size_type seed_;
+    size_type index_of_first_non_null_;
+    void** table_;  // an array with num_buckets_ entries
+    Allocator alloc_;
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(InnerMap);
+  };  // end of class InnerMap
+
+ public:
+  // Iterators
+  class const_iterator {
+    typedef typename InnerMap::const_iterator InnerIt;
+
+   public:
+    typedef std::forward_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+    typedef typename Map::value_type value_type;
+    typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+    typedef const value_type* pointer;
+    typedef const value_type& reference;
+
+    const_iterator() {}
+    explicit const_iterator(const InnerIt& it) : it_(it) {}
+
+    const_reference operator*() const { return *it_->value(); }
+    const_pointer operator->() const { return &(operator*()); }
+
+    const_iterator& operator++() {
+      ++it_;
+      return *this;
+    }
+    const_iterator operator++(int) { return const_iterator(it_++); }
+
+    friend bool operator==(const const_iterator& a, const const_iterator& b) {
+      return a.it_ == b.it_;
+    }
+    friend bool operator!=(const const_iterator& a, const const_iterator& b) {
+      return !(a == b);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    InnerIt it_;
+  };
+
+  class iterator {
+    typedef typename InnerMap::iterator InnerIt;
+
+   public:
+    typedef std::forward_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+    typedef typename Map::value_type value_type;
+    typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+    typedef value_type* pointer;
+    typedef value_type& reference;
+
+    iterator() {}
+    explicit iterator(const InnerIt& it) : it_(it) {}
+
+    reference operator*() const { return *it_->value(); }
+    pointer operator->() const { return &(operator*()); }
+
+    iterator& operator++() {
+      ++it_;
+      return *this;
+    }
+    iterator operator++(int) { return iterator(it_++); }
+
+    // Allow implicit conversion to const_iterator.
+    operator const_iterator() const {
+      return const_iterator(typename InnerMap::const_iterator(it_));
+    }
+
+    friend bool operator==(const iterator& a, const iterator& b) {
+      return a.it_ == b.it_;
+    }
+    friend bool operator!=(const iterator& a, const iterator& b) {
+      return !(a == b);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    friend class Map;
+
+    InnerIt it_;
+  };
+
+  iterator begin() { return iterator(elements_->begin()); }
+  iterator end() { return iterator(elements_->end()); }
+  const_iterator begin() const {
+    return const_iterator(iterator(elements_->begin()));
+  }
+  const_iterator end() const {
+    return const_iterator(iterator(elements_->end()));
+  }
+  const_iterator cbegin() const { return begin(); }
+  const_iterator cend() const { return end(); }
+
+  // Capacity
+  size_type size() const { return elements_->size(); }
+  bool empty() const { return size() == 0; }
+
+  // Element access
+  T& operator[](const key_type& key) {
+    value_type** value = &(*elements_)[key];
+    if (*value == NULL) {
+      *value = CreateValueTypeInternal(key);
+      internal::MapValueInitializer<is_proto_enum<T>::value, T>::Initialize(
+          (*value)->second, default_enum_value_);
+    }
+    return (*value)->second;
+  }
+  const T& at(const key_type& key) const {
+    const_iterator it = find(key);
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(it != end()) << "key not found: " << key;
+    return it->second;
+  }
+  T& at(const key_type& key) {
+    iterator it = find(key);
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(it != end()) << "key not found: " << key;
+    return it->second;
+  }
+
+  // Lookup
+  size_type count(const key_type& key) const {
+    const_iterator it = find(key);
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(it == end() || key == it->first);
+    return it == end() ? 0 : 1;
+  }
+  const_iterator find(const key_type& key) const {
+    return const_iterator(iterator(elements_->find(key)));
+  }
+  iterator find(const key_type& key) { return iterator(elements_->find(key)); }
+  bool contains(const Key& key) const { return elements_->contains(key); }
+  std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> equal_range(
+      const key_type& key) const {
+    const_iterator it = find(key);
+    if (it == end()) {
+      return std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator>(it, it);
+    } else {
+      const_iterator begin = it++;
+      return std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator>(begin, it);
+    }
+  }
+  std::pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const key_type& key) {
+    iterator it = find(key);
+    if (it == end()) {
+      return std::pair<iterator, iterator>(it, it);
+    } else {
+      iterator begin = it++;
+      return std::pair<iterator, iterator>(begin, it);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // insert
+  std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(const value_type& value) {
+    std::pair<typename InnerMap::iterator, bool> p =
+        elements_->insert(value.first);
+    if (p.second) {
+      p.first->value() = CreateValueTypeInternal(value);
+    }
+    return std::pair<iterator, bool>(iterator(p.first), p.second);
+  }
+  template <class InputIt>
+  void insert(InputIt first, InputIt last) {
+    for (InputIt it = first; it != last; ++it) {
+      iterator exist_it = find(it->first);
+      if (exist_it == end()) {
+        operator[](it->first) = it->second;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  void insert(std::initializer_list<value_type> values) {
+    insert(values.begin(), values.end());
+  }
+
+  // Erase and clear
+  size_type erase(const key_type& key) {
+    iterator it = find(key);
+    if (it == end()) {
+      return 0;
+    } else {
+      erase(it);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  iterator erase(iterator pos) {
+    if (arena_ == NULL) delete pos.operator->();
+    iterator i = pos++;
+    elements_->erase(i.it_);
+    return pos;
+  }
+  void erase(iterator first, iterator last) {
+    while (first != last) {
+      first = erase(first);
+    }
+  }
+  void clear() { erase(begin(), end()); }
+
+  // Assign
+  Map& operator=(const Map& other) {
+    if (this != &other) {
+      clear();
+      insert(other.begin(), other.end());
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  void swap(Map& other) {
+    if (arena_ == other.arena_) {
+      std::swap(default_enum_value_, other.default_enum_value_);
+      std::swap(elements_, other.elements_);
+    } else {
+      // TODO(zuguang): optimize this. The temporary copy can be allocated
+      // in the same arena as the other message, and the "other = copy" can
+      // be replaced with the fast-path swap above.
+      Map copy = *this;
+      *this = other;
+      other = copy;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Access to hasher.  Currently this returns a copy, but it may
+  // be modified to return a const reference in the future.
+  hasher hash_function() const { return elements_->hash_function(); }
+
+ private:
+  // Set default enum value only for proto2 map field whose value is enum type.
+  void SetDefaultEnumValue(int default_enum_value) {
+    default_enum_value_ = default_enum_value;
+  }
+
+  value_type* CreateValueTypeInternal(const Key& key) {
+    if (arena_ == NULL) {
+      return new value_type(key);
+    } else {
+      value_type* value = reinterpret_cast<value_type*>(
+          Arena::CreateArray<uint8>(arena_, sizeof(value_type)));
+      Arena::CreateInArenaStorage(const_cast<Key*>(&value->first), arena_);
+      Arena::CreateInArenaStorage(&value->second, arena_);
+      const_cast<Key&>(value->first) = key;
+      return value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  value_type* CreateValueTypeInternal(const value_type& value) {
+    if (arena_ == NULL) {
+      return new value_type(value);
+    } else {
+      value_type* p = reinterpret_cast<value_type*>(
+          Arena::CreateArray<uint8>(arena_, sizeof(value_type)));
+      Arena::CreateInArenaStorage(const_cast<Key*>(&p->first), arena_);
+      Arena::CreateInArenaStorage(&p->second, arena_);
+      const_cast<Key&>(p->first) = value.first;
+      p->second = value.second;
+      return p;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Arena* arena_;
+  int default_enum_value_;
+  InnerMap* elements_;
+
+  friend class Arena;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  template <typename Derived, typename K, typename V,
+            internal::WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+            internal::WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+            int default_enum_value>
+  friend class internal::MapFieldLite;
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_entry.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_entry.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a650c875e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_entry.h
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_ENTRY_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_ENTRY_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class Arena;
+namespace internal {
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+class MapField;
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// MapEntry is the returned google::protobuf::Message when calling AddMessage of
+// google::protobuf::Reflection. In order to let it work with generated message
+// reflection, its in-memory type is the same as generated message with the same
+// fields. However, in order to decide the in-memory type of key/value, we need
+// to know both their cpp type in generated api and proto type. In
+// implementation, all in-memory types have related wire format functions to
+// support except ArenaStringPtr. Therefore, we need to define another type with
+// supporting wire format functions. Since this type is only used as return type
+// of MapEntry accessors, it's named MapEntry accessor type.
+//
+// cpp type:               the type visible to users in public API.
+// proto type:             WireFormatLite::FieldType of the field.
+// in-memory type:         type of the data member used to stored this field.
+// MapEntry accessor type: type used in MapEntry getters/mutators to access the
+//                         field.
+//
+// cpp type | proto type  | in-memory type | MapEntry accessor type
+// int32      TYPE_INT32    int32            int32
+// int32      TYPE_FIXED32  int32            int32
+// string     TYPE_STRING   ArenaStringPtr   string
+// FooEnum    TYPE_ENUM     int              int
+// FooMessage TYPE_MESSAGE  FooMessage*      FooMessage
+//
+// The in-memory types of primitive types can be inferred from its proto type,
+// while we need to explicitly specify the cpp type if proto type is
+// TYPE_MESSAGE to infer the in-memory type.  Moreover, default_enum_value is
+// used to initialize enum field in proto2.
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+class MapEntry
+    : public MapEntryImpl<Derived, Message, Key, Value, kKeyFieldType,
+                          kValueFieldType, default_enum_value> {
+ public:
+  MapEntry() : _internal_metadata_(NULL) {}
+  explicit MapEntry(Arena* arena)
+      : MapEntryImpl<Derived, Message, Key, Value, kKeyFieldType,
+                     kValueFieldType, default_enum_value>(arena),
+        _internal_metadata_(arena) {}
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+
+  typedef
+      typename MapEntryImpl<Derived, Message, Key, Value, kKeyFieldType,
+                            kValueFieldType, default_enum_value>::KeyTypeHandler
+          KeyTypeHandler;
+  typedef typename MapEntryImpl<
+      Derived, Message, Key, Value, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+      default_enum_value>::ValueTypeHandler ValueTypeHandler;
+  size_t SpaceUsedLong() const override {
+    size_t size = sizeof(Derived);
+    size += KeyTypeHandler::SpaceUsedInMapEntryLong(this->key_);
+    size += ValueTypeHandler::SpaceUsedInMapEntryLong(this->value_);
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+
+ private:
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena;
+  template <typename C, typename K, typename V,
+            WireFormatLite::FieldType k_wire_type, WireFormatLite::FieldType,
+            int default_enum>
+  friend class internal::MapField;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MapEntry);
+};
+
+// Specialization for the full runtime
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+struct MapEntryHelper<MapEntry<Derived, Key, Value, kKeyFieldType,
+                               kValueFieldType, default_enum_value> >
+    : MapEntryHelper<MapEntryLite<Derived, Key, Value, kKeyFieldType,
+                                  kValueFieldType, default_enum_value> > {
+  explicit MapEntryHelper(const MapPair<Key, Value>& map_pair)
+      : MapEntryHelper<MapEntryLite<Derived, Key, Value, kKeyFieldType,
+                                    kValueFieldType, default_enum_value> >(
+            map_pair) {}
+};
+
+template <typename Derived, typename K, typename V,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key, WireFormatLite::FieldType value,
+          int default_enum>
+struct DeconstructMapEntry<MapEntry<Derived, K, V, key, value, default_enum> > {
+  typedef K Key;
+  typedef V Value;
+  static const WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType = key;
+  static const WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType = value;
+  static const int default_enum_value = default_enum;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_ENTRY_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d35b98ce2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_ENTRY_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_ENTRY_LITE_H__
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/parse_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+class MapEntry;
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+class MapFieldLite;
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// MoveHelper::Move is used to set *dest.  It copies *src, or moves it (in
+// the C++11 sense), or swaps it. *src is left in a sane state for
+// subsequent destruction, but shouldn't be used for anything.
+template <bool is_enum, bool is_message, bool is_stringlike, typename T>
+struct MoveHelper {  // primitives
+  static void Move(T* src, T* dest) { *dest = *src; }
+};
+
+template <bool is_message, bool is_stringlike, typename T>
+struct MoveHelper<true, is_message, is_stringlike, T> {  // enums
+  static void Move(T* src, T* dest) { *dest = *src; }
+  // T is an enum here, so allow conversions to and from int.
+  static void Move(T* src, int* dest) { *dest = static_cast<int>(*src); }
+  static void Move(int* src, T* dest) { *dest = static_cast<T>(*src); }
+};
+
+template <bool is_stringlike, typename T>
+struct MoveHelper<false, true, is_stringlike, T> {  // messages
+  static void Move(T* src, T* dest) { dest->Swap(src); }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct MoveHelper<false, false, true, T> {  // strings and similar
+  static void Move(T* src, T* dest) {
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+    *dest = std::move(*src);
+#else
+    dest->swap(*src);
+#endif
+  }
+};
+
+// Functions for operating on a map entry.  Does not contain any representation
+// (this class is not intended to be instantiated).
+template <typename Key, typename Value, WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType>
+struct MapEntryFuncs {
+  typedef MapTypeHandler<kKeyFieldType, Key> KeyTypeHandler;
+  typedef MapTypeHandler<kValueFieldType, Value> ValueTypeHandler;
+  static const int kKeyFieldNumber = 1;
+  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 2;
+
+  static uint8* InternalSerialize(int field_number, const Key& key,
+                                  const Value& value, uint8* ptr,
+                                  io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {
+    ptr = stream->EnsureSpace(ptr);
+    ptr = WireFormatLite::WriteTagToArray(
+        field_number, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, ptr);
+    ptr = io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(GetCachedSize(key, value),
+                                                      ptr);
+
+    ptr = KeyTypeHandler::Write(kKeyFieldNumber, key, ptr, stream);
+    return ValueTypeHandler::Write(kValueFieldNumber, value, ptr, stream);
+  }
+
+  static size_t ByteSizeLong(const Key& key, const Value& value) {
+    // Tags for key and value will both be one byte (field numbers 1 and 2).
+    size_t inner_length =
+        2 + KeyTypeHandler::ByteSize(key) + ValueTypeHandler::ByteSize(value);
+    return inner_length + io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(
+                              static_cast<uint32>(inner_length));
+  }
+
+  static int GetCachedSize(const Key& key, const Value& value) {
+    // Tags for key and value will both be one byte (field numbers 1 and 2).
+    return 2 + KeyTypeHandler::GetCachedSize(key) +
+           ValueTypeHandler::GetCachedSize(value);
+  }
+};
+
+// MapEntryImpl is used to implement parsing and serialization of map entries.
+// It uses Curious Recursive Template Pattern (CRTP) to provide the type of
+// the eventual code to the template code.
+template <typename Derived, typename Base, typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+class MapEntryImpl : public Base {
+ public:
+  typedef MapEntryFuncs<Key, Value, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType> Funcs;
+
+ protected:
+  // Provide utilities to parse/serialize key/value.  Provide utilities to
+  // manipulate internal stored type.
+  typedef MapTypeHandler<kKeyFieldType, Key> KeyTypeHandler;
+  typedef MapTypeHandler<kValueFieldType, Value> ValueTypeHandler;
+
+  // Define internal memory layout. Strings and messages are stored as
+  // pointers, while other types are stored as values.
+  typedef typename KeyTypeHandler::TypeOnMemory KeyOnMemory;
+  typedef typename ValueTypeHandler::TypeOnMemory ValueOnMemory;
+
+  // Enum type cannot be used for MapTypeHandler::Read. Define a type
+  // which will replace Enum with int.
+  typedef typename KeyTypeHandler::MapEntryAccessorType KeyMapEntryAccessorType;
+  typedef
+      typename ValueTypeHandler::MapEntryAccessorType ValueMapEntryAccessorType;
+
+  // Constants for field number.
+  static const int kKeyFieldNumber = 1;
+  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 2;
+
+  // Constants for field tag.
+  static const uint8 kKeyTag =
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_MAKE_TAG(kKeyFieldNumber, KeyTypeHandler::kWireType);
+  static const uint8 kValueTag = GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_MAKE_TAG(
+      kValueFieldNumber, ValueTypeHandler::kWireType);
+  static const size_t kTagSize = 1;
+
+ public:
+  // Work-around for a compiler bug (see repeated_field.h).
+  typedef void MapEntryHasMergeTypeTrait;
+  typedef Derived EntryType;
+  typedef Key EntryKeyType;
+  typedef Value EntryValueType;
+  static const WireFormatLite::FieldType kEntryKeyFieldType = kKeyFieldType;
+  static const WireFormatLite::FieldType kEntryValueFieldType = kValueFieldType;
+  static const int kEntryDefaultEnumValue = default_enum_value;
+
+  MapEntryImpl() : arena_(NULL) {
+    KeyTypeHandler::Initialize(&key_, NULL);
+    ValueTypeHandler::InitializeMaybeByDefaultEnum(&value_, default_enum_value,
+                                                   NULL);
+    _has_bits_[0] = 0;
+  }
+
+  explicit MapEntryImpl(Arena* arena) : arena_(arena) {
+    KeyTypeHandler::Initialize(&key_, arena);
+    ValueTypeHandler::InitializeMaybeByDefaultEnum(&value_, default_enum_value,
+                                                   arena);
+    _has_bits_[0] = 0;
+  }
+
+  ~MapEntryImpl() {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) return;
+    KeyTypeHandler::DeleteNoArena(key_);
+    ValueTypeHandler::DeleteNoArena(value_);
+  }
+
+  // accessors ======================================================
+
+  virtual inline const KeyMapEntryAccessorType& key() const {
+    return KeyTypeHandler::GetExternalReference(key_);
+  }
+  virtual inline const ValueMapEntryAccessorType& value() const {
+    return ValueTypeHandler::DefaultIfNotInitialized(
+        value_, Derived::internal_default_instance()->value_);
+  }
+  inline KeyMapEntryAccessorType* mutable_key() {
+    set_has_key();
+    return KeyTypeHandler::EnsureMutable(&key_, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  inline ValueMapEntryAccessorType* mutable_value() {
+    set_has_value();
+    return ValueTypeHandler::EnsureMutable(&value_, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+
+  // implements MessageLite =========================================
+
+  // MapEntryImpl is for implementation only and this function isn't called
+  // anywhere. Just provide a fake implementation here for MessageLite.
+  std::string GetTypeName() const override { return ""; }
+
+  void CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(const MessageLite& other) override {
+    MergeFromInternal(*::google::protobuf::internal::DownCast<const Derived*>(&other));
+  }
+
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) final {
+    while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+      uint32 tag;
+      ptr = ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+      if (tag == kKeyTag) {
+        set_has_key();
+        KeyMapEntryAccessorType* key = mutable_key();
+        ptr = KeyTypeHandler::Read(ptr, ctx, key);
+        if (!Derived::ValidateKey(key)) return nullptr;
+      } else if (tag == kValueTag) {
+        set_has_value();
+        ValueMapEntryAccessorType* value = mutable_value();
+        ptr = ValueTypeHandler::Read(ptr, ctx, value);
+        if (!Derived::ValidateValue(value)) return nullptr;
+      } else {
+        if (tag == 0 || WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+                            WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          return ptr;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, static_cast<std::string*>(nullptr), ptr,
+                                ctx);
+      }
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+    }
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const override {
+    size_t size = 0;
+    size += has_key() ? kTagSize +
+                            static_cast<size_t>(KeyTypeHandler::ByteSize(key()))
+                      : 0;
+    size += has_value()
+                ? kTagSize +
+                      static_cast<size_t>(ValueTypeHandler::ByteSize(value()))
+                : 0;
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* _InternalSerialize(::google::protobuf::uint8* ptr,
+                              io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const override {
+    ptr = KeyTypeHandler::Write(kKeyFieldNumber, key(), ptr, stream);
+    return ValueTypeHandler::Write(kValueFieldNumber, value(), ptr, stream);
+  }
+
+  // Don't override SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray.  Use MessageLite's.
+
+  int GetCachedSize() const override {
+    int size = 0;
+    size += has_key() ? static_cast<int>(kTagSize) +
+                            KeyTypeHandler::GetCachedSize(key())
+                      : 0;
+    size += has_value() ? static_cast<int>(kTagSize) +
+                              ValueTypeHandler::GetCachedSize(value())
+                        : 0;
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  bool IsInitialized() const override {
+    return ValueTypeHandler::IsInitialized(value_);
+  }
+
+  Base* New() const override {
+    Derived* entry = new Derived;
+    return entry;
+  }
+
+  Base* New(Arena* arena) const override {
+    Derived* entry = Arena::CreateMessage<Derived>(arena);
+    return entry;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  // We can't declare this function directly here as it would hide the other
+  // overload (const Message&).
+  void MergeFromInternal(const MapEntryImpl& from) {
+    if (from._has_bits_[0]) {
+      if (from.has_key()) {
+        KeyTypeHandler::EnsureMutable(&key_, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+        KeyTypeHandler::Merge(from.key(), &key_, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+        set_has_key();
+      }
+      if (from.has_value()) {
+        ValueTypeHandler::EnsureMutable(&value_, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+        ValueTypeHandler::Merge(from.value(), &value_, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+        set_has_value();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+ public:
+  void Clear() override {
+    KeyTypeHandler::Clear(&key_, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    ValueTypeHandler::ClearMaybeByDefaultEnum(&value_, GetArenaNoVirtual(),
+                                              default_enum_value);
+    clear_has_key();
+    clear_has_value();
+  }
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+    Derived* d = const_cast<Derived*>(Derived::internal_default_instance());
+    KeyTypeHandler::AssignDefaultValue(&d->key_);
+    ValueTypeHandler::AssignDefaultValue(&d->value_);
+  }
+
+  Arena* GetArena() const override { return GetArenaNoVirtual(); }
+
+  // Parsing using MergePartialFromCodedStream, above, is not as
+  // efficient as it could be.  This helper class provides a speedier way.
+  template <typename MapField, typename Map>
+  class Parser {
+   public:
+    explicit Parser(MapField* mf) : mf_(mf), map_(mf->MutableMap()) {}
+    ~Parser() {
+      if (entry_ != nullptr && entry_->GetArena() == nullptr) delete entry_;
+    }
+
+    // This does what the typical MergePartialFromCodedStream() is expected to
+    // do, with the additional side-effect that if successful (i.e., if true is
+    // going to be its return value) it inserts the key-value pair into map_.
+    bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+      // Look for the expected thing: a key and then a value.  If it fails,
+      // invoke the enclosing class's MergePartialFromCodedStream, or return
+      // false if that would be pointless.
+      if (input->ExpectTag(kKeyTag)) {
+        if (!KeyTypeHandler::Read(input, &key_)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        // Peek at the next byte to see if it is kValueTag.  If not, bail out.
+        const void* data;
+        int size;
+        input->GetDirectBufferPointerInline(&data, &size);
+        // We could use memcmp here, but we don't bother. The tag is one byte.
+        static_assert(kTagSize == 1, "tag size must be 1");
+        if (size > 0 && *reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data) == kValueTag) {
+          typename Map::size_type map_size = map_->size();
+          value_ptr_ = &(*map_)[key_];
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(map_size != map_->size())) {
+            // We created a new key-value pair.  Fill in the value.
+            typedef
+                typename MapIf<ValueTypeHandler::kIsEnum, int*, Value*>::type T;
+            input->Skip(kTagSize);  // Skip kValueTag.
+            if (!ValueTypeHandler::Read(input,
+                                        reinterpret_cast<T>(value_ptr_))) {
+              map_->erase(key_);  // Failure! Undo insertion.
+              return false;
+            }
+            if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) return true;
+            return ReadBeyondKeyValuePair(input);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        key_ = Key();
+      }
+
+      NewEntry();
+      *entry_->mutable_key() = key_;
+      const bool result = entry_->MergePartialFromCodedStream(input);
+      if (result) UseKeyAndValueFromEntry();
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+      if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(!ctx->Done(&ptr) && *ptr == kKeyTag)) {
+        ptr = KeyTypeHandler::Read(ptr + 1, ctx, &key_);
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!ptr || !Derived::ValidateKey(&key_))) {
+          return nullptr;
+        }
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(!ctx->Done(&ptr) && *ptr == kValueTag)) {
+          typename Map::size_type map_size = map_->size();
+          value_ptr_ = &(*map_)[key_];
+          if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(map_size != map_->size())) {
+            using T =
+                typename MapIf<ValueTypeHandler::kIsEnum, int*, Value*>::type;
+            ptr = ValueTypeHandler::Read(ptr + 1, ctx,
+                                         reinterpret_cast<T>(value_ptr_));
+            if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!ptr ||
+                                       !Derived::ValidateValue(value_ptr_))) {
+              map_->erase(key_);  // Failure! Undo insertion.
+              return nullptr;
+            }
+            if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(ctx->Done(&ptr))) return ptr;
+            if (!ptr) return nullptr;
+            NewEntry();
+            ValueMover::Move(value_ptr_, entry_->mutable_value());
+            map_->erase(key_);
+            goto move_key;
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (!ptr) return nullptr;
+        }
+        NewEntry();
+      move_key:
+        KeyMover::Move(&key_, entry_->mutable_key());
+      } else {
+        if (!ptr) return nullptr;
+        NewEntry();
+      }
+      ptr = entry_->_InternalParse(ptr, ctx);
+      if (ptr) UseKeyAndValueFromEntry();
+      return ptr;
+    }
+
+    template <typename Metadata>
+    const char* ParseWithEnumValidation(const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx,
+                                        bool (*is_valid)(int), uint32 field_num,
+                                        Metadata* metadata) {
+      auto entry = NewEntry();
+      ptr = entry->_InternalParse(ptr, ctx);
+      if (!ptr) return nullptr;
+      if (is_valid(entry->value())) {
+        UseKeyAndValueFromEntry();
+      } else {
+        WriteLengthDelimited(field_num, entry->SerializeAsString(),
+                             metadata->mutable_unknown_fields());
+      }
+      return ptr;
+    }
+
+    MapEntryImpl* NewEntry() { return entry_ = mf_->NewEntry(); }
+
+    const Key& key() const { return key_; }
+    const Value& value() const { return *value_ptr_; }
+
+    const Key& entry_key() const { return entry_->key(); }
+    const Value& entry_value() const { return entry_->value(); }
+
+   private:
+    void UseKeyAndValueFromEntry() {
+      // Update key_ in case we need it later (because key() is called).
+      // This is potentially inefficient, especially if the key is
+      // expensive to copy (e.g., a long string), but this is a cold
+      // path, so it's not a big deal.
+      key_ = entry_->key();
+      value_ptr_ = &(*map_)[key_];
+      ValueMover::Move(entry_->mutable_value(), value_ptr_);
+    }
+
+    // After reading a key and value successfully, and inserting that data
+    // into map_, we are not at the end of the input.  This is unusual, but
+    // allowed by the spec.
+    bool ReadBeyondKeyValuePair(io::CodedInputStream* input) PROTOBUF_COLD {
+      NewEntry();
+      ValueMover::Move(value_ptr_, entry_->mutable_value());
+      map_->erase(key_);
+      KeyMover::Move(&key_, entry_->mutable_key());
+      const bool result = entry_->MergePartialFromCodedStream(input);
+      if (result) UseKeyAndValueFromEntry();
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    typedef MoveHelper<KeyTypeHandler::kIsEnum, KeyTypeHandler::kIsMessage,
+                       KeyTypeHandler::kWireType ==
+                           WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,
+                       Key>
+        KeyMover;
+    typedef MoveHelper<ValueTypeHandler::kIsEnum, ValueTypeHandler::kIsMessage,
+                       ValueTypeHandler::kWireType ==
+                           WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,
+                       Value>
+        ValueMover;
+
+    MapField* const mf_;
+    Map* const map_;
+    Key key_;
+    Value* value_ptr_;
+    MapEntryImpl* entry_ = nullptr;
+  };
+
+ protected:
+  void set_has_key() { _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u; }
+  bool has_key() const { return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0; }
+  void clear_has_key() { _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u; }
+  void set_has_value() { _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u; }
+  bool has_value() const { return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0; }
+  void clear_has_value() { _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u; }
+
+ public:
+  inline Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const { return arena_; }
+
+ public:  // Needed for constructing tables
+  KeyOnMemory key_;
+  ValueOnMemory value_;
+  Arena* arena_;
+  uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+
+ private:
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  template <typename C, typename K, typename V, WireFormatLite::FieldType,
+            WireFormatLite::FieldType, int>
+  friend class internal::MapEntry;
+  template <typename C, typename K, typename V, WireFormatLite::FieldType,
+            WireFormatLite::FieldType, int>
+  friend class internal::MapFieldLite;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MapEntryImpl);
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+class MapEntryLite
+    : public MapEntryImpl<T, MessageLite, Key, Value, kKeyFieldType,
+                          kValueFieldType, default_enum_value> {
+ public:
+  typedef MapEntryImpl<T, MessageLite, Key, Value, kKeyFieldType,
+                       kValueFieldType, default_enum_value>
+      SuperType;
+  MapEntryLite() {}
+  explicit MapEntryLite(Arena* arena) : SuperType(arena) {}
+  void MergeFrom(const MapEntryLite& other) { MergeFromInternal(other); }
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MapEntryLite);
+};
+// The completely unprincipled and unwieldy use of template parameters in
+// the map code necessitates wrappers to make the code a little bit more
+// manageable.
+template <typename Derived>
+struct DeconstructMapEntry;
+
+template <typename T, typename K, typename V, WireFormatLite::FieldType key,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value, int default_enum>
+struct DeconstructMapEntry<MapEntryLite<T, K, V, key, value, default_enum> > {
+  typedef K Key;
+  typedef V Value;
+  static const WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType = key;
+  static const WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType = value;
+  static const int default_enum_value = default_enum;
+};
+
+// Helpers for deterministic serialization =============================
+
+// This struct can be used with any generic sorting algorithm.  If the Key
+// type is relatively small and easy to copy then copying Keys into an
+// array of SortItems can be beneficial.  Then all the data the sorting
+// algorithm needs to touch is in that one array.
+template <typename Key, typename PtrToKeyValuePair>
+struct SortItem {
+  SortItem() {}
+  explicit SortItem(PtrToKeyValuePair p) : first(p->first), second(p) {}
+
+  Key first;
+  PtrToKeyValuePair second;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct CompareByFirstField {
+  bool operator()(const T& a, const T& b) const { return a.first < b.first; }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct CompareByDerefFirst {
+  bool operator()(const T& a, const T& b) const { return a->first < b->first; }
+};
+
+// Helper for table driven serialization
+
+template <WireFormatLite::FieldType FieldType>
+struct FromHelper {
+  template <typename T>
+  static const T& From(const T& x) {
+    return x;
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct FromHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING> {
+  static ArenaStringPtr From(const std::string& x) {
+    ArenaStringPtr res;
+    TaggedPtr<std::string> ptr;
+    ptr.Set(const_cast<std::string*>(&x));
+    res.UnsafeSetTaggedPointer(ptr);
+    return res;
+  }
+};
+template <>
+struct FromHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES> {
+  static ArenaStringPtr From(const std::string& x) {
+    ArenaStringPtr res;
+    TaggedPtr<std::string> ptr;
+    ptr.Set(const_cast<std::string*>(&x));
+    res.UnsafeSetTaggedPointer(ptr);
+    return res;
+  }
+};
+template <>
+struct FromHelper<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE> {
+  template <typename T>
+  static T* From(const T& x) {
+    return const_cast<T*>(&x);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename MapEntryType>
+struct MapEntryHelper;
+
+template <typename T, typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+struct MapEntryHelper<MapEntryLite<T, Key, Value, kKeyFieldType,
+                                   kValueFieldType, default_enum_value> > {
+  // Provide utilities to parse/serialize key/value.  Provide utilities to
+  // manipulate internal stored type.
+  typedef MapTypeHandler<kKeyFieldType, Key> KeyTypeHandler;
+  typedef MapTypeHandler<kValueFieldType, Value> ValueTypeHandler;
+
+  // Define internal memory layout. Strings and messages are stored as
+  // pointers, while other types are stored as values.
+  typedef typename KeyTypeHandler::TypeOnMemory KeyOnMemory;
+  typedef typename ValueTypeHandler::TypeOnMemory ValueOnMemory;
+
+  explicit MapEntryHelper(const MapPair<Key, Value>& map_pair)
+      : _has_bits_(3),
+        _cached_size_(2 + KeyTypeHandler::GetCachedSize(map_pair.first) +
+                      ValueTypeHandler::GetCachedSize(map_pair.second)),
+        key_(FromHelper<kKeyFieldType>::From(map_pair.first)),
+        value_(FromHelper<kValueFieldType>::From(map_pair.second)) {}
+
+  // Purposely not folowing the style guide naming. These are the names
+  // the proto compiler would generate given the map entry descriptor.
+  // The proto compiler generates the offsets in this struct as if this was
+  // a regular message. This way the table driven code barely notices it's
+  // dealing with a map field.
+  uint32 _has_bits_;     // NOLINT
+  uint32 _cached_size_;  // NOLINT
+  KeyOnMemory key_;      // NOLINT
+  ValueOnMemory value_;  // NOLINT
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_ENTRY_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d61fddd61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+MapFieldBase::~MapFieldBase() {
+  if (repeated_field_ != NULL && arena_ == NULL) delete repeated_field_;
+}
+
+const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& MapFieldBase::GetRepeatedField() const {
+  SyncRepeatedFieldWithMap();
+  return *reinterpret_cast<RepeatedPtrFieldBase*>(repeated_field_);
+}
+
+RepeatedPtrFieldBase* MapFieldBase::MutableRepeatedField() {
+  SyncRepeatedFieldWithMap();
+  SetRepeatedDirty();
+  return reinterpret_cast<RepeatedPtrFieldBase*>(repeated_field_);
+}
+
+size_t MapFieldBase::SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() const {
+  mutex_.Lock();
+  size_t size = SpaceUsedExcludingSelfNoLock();
+  mutex_.Unlock();
+  return size;
+}
+
+size_t MapFieldBase::SpaceUsedExcludingSelfNoLock() const {
+  if (repeated_field_ != NULL) {
+    return repeated_field_->SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong();
+  } else {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+bool MapFieldBase::IsMapValid() const {
+  // "Acquire" insures the operation after SyncRepeatedFieldWithMap won't get
+  // executed before state_ is checked.
+  int state = state_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+  return state != STATE_MODIFIED_REPEATED;
+}
+
+bool MapFieldBase::IsRepeatedFieldValid() const {
+  int state = state_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+  return state != STATE_MODIFIED_MAP;
+}
+
+void MapFieldBase::SetMapDirty() {
+  // These are called by (non-const) mutator functions. So by our API it's the
+  // callers responsibility to have these calls properly ordered.
+  state_.store(STATE_MODIFIED_MAP, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+void MapFieldBase::SetRepeatedDirty() {
+  // These are called by (non-const) mutator functions. So by our API it's the
+  // callers responsibility to have these calls properly ordered.
+  state_.store(STATE_MODIFIED_REPEATED, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+void MapFieldBase::SyncRepeatedFieldWithMap() const {
+  // acquire here matches with release below to ensure that we can only see a
+  // value of CLEAN after all previous changes have been synced.
+  switch (state_.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
+    case STATE_MODIFIED_MAP:
+      mutex_.Lock();
+      // Double check state, because another thread may have seen the same
+      // state and done the synchronization before the current thread.
+      if (state_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == STATE_MODIFIED_MAP) {
+        SyncRepeatedFieldWithMapNoLock();
+        state_.store(CLEAN, std::memory_order_release);
+      }
+      mutex_.Unlock();
+      break;
+    case CLEAN:
+      mutex_.Lock();
+      // Double check state
+      if (state_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == CLEAN) {
+        if (repeated_field_ == nullptr) {
+          if (arena_ == nullptr) {
+            repeated_field_ = new RepeatedPtrField<Message>();
+          } else {
+            repeated_field_ =
+                Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<Message> >(arena_);
+          }
+        }
+        state_.store(CLEAN, std::memory_order_release);
+      }
+      mutex_.Unlock();
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void MapFieldBase::SyncRepeatedFieldWithMapNoLock() const {
+  if (repeated_field_ == NULL) {
+    repeated_field_ = Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<Message> >(arena_);
+  }
+}
+
+void MapFieldBase::SyncMapWithRepeatedField() const {
+  // acquire here matches with release below to ensure that we can only see a
+  // value of CLEAN after all previous changes have been synced.
+  if (state_.load(std::memory_order_acquire) == STATE_MODIFIED_REPEATED) {
+    mutex_.Lock();
+    // Double check state, because another thread may have seen the same state
+    // and done the synchronization before the current thread.
+    if (state_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == STATE_MODIFIED_REPEATED) {
+      SyncMapWithRepeatedFieldNoLock();
+      state_.store(CLEAN, std::memory_order_release);
+    }
+    mutex_.Unlock();
+  }
+}
+
+// ------------------DynamicMapField------------------
+DynamicMapField::DynamicMapField(const Message* default_entry)
+    : default_entry_(default_entry) {}
+
+DynamicMapField::DynamicMapField(const Message* default_entry, Arena* arena)
+    : TypeDefinedMapFieldBase<MapKey, MapValueRef>(arena),
+      map_(arena),
+      default_entry_(default_entry) {}
+
+DynamicMapField::~DynamicMapField() {
+  // DynamicMapField owns map values. Need to delete them before clearing
+  // the map.
+  for (Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>::iterator iter = map_.begin();
+       iter != map_.end(); ++iter) {
+    iter->second.DeleteData();
+  }
+  map_.clear();
+}
+
+int DynamicMapField::size() const { return GetMap().size(); }
+
+void DynamicMapField::Clear() {
+  Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>* map = &const_cast<DynamicMapField*>(this)->map_;
+  if (MapFieldBase::arena_ == nullptr) {
+    for (Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>::iterator iter = map->begin();
+         iter != map->end(); ++iter) {
+      iter->second.DeleteData();
+    }
+  }
+
+  map->clear();
+
+  if (MapFieldBase::repeated_field_ != nullptr) {
+    MapFieldBase::repeated_field_->Clear();
+  }
+  // Data in map and repeated field are both empty, but we can't set status
+  // CLEAN which will invalidate previous reference to map.
+  MapFieldBase::SetMapDirty();
+}
+
+bool DynamicMapField::ContainsMapKey(const MapKey& map_key) const {
+  const Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>& map = GetMap();
+  Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>::const_iterator iter = map.find(map_key);
+  return iter != map.end();
+}
+
+void DynamicMapField::AllocateMapValue(MapValueRef* map_val) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* val_des =
+      default_entry_->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  map_val->SetType(val_des->cpp_type());
+  // Allocate memory for the MapValueRef, and initialize to
+  // default value.
+  switch (val_des->cpp_type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(CPPTYPE, TYPE)                           \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE: {                 \
+    TYPE* value = Arena::Create<TYPE>(MapFieldBase::arena_); \
+    map_val->SetValue(value);                                \
+    break;                                                   \
+  }
+    HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, std::string);
+    HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, int32);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      const Message& message =
+          default_entry_->GetReflection()->GetMessage(*default_entry_, val_des);
+      Message* value = message.New(MapFieldBase::arena_);
+      map_val->SetValue(value);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool DynamicMapField::InsertOrLookupMapValue(const MapKey& map_key,
+                                             MapValueRef* val) {
+  // Always use mutable map because users may change the map value by
+  // MapValueRef.
+  Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>* map = MutableMap();
+  Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>::iterator iter = map->find(map_key);
+  if (iter == map->end()) {
+    MapValueRef& map_val = map_[map_key];
+    AllocateMapValue(&map_val);
+    val->CopyFrom(map_val);
+    return true;
+  }
+  // map_key is already in the map. Make sure (*map)[map_key] is not called.
+  // [] may reorder the map and iterators.
+  val->CopyFrom(iter->second);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool DynamicMapField::DeleteMapValue(const MapKey& map_key) {
+  MapFieldBase::SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
+  Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>::iterator iter = map_.find(map_key);
+  if (iter == map_.end()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Set map dirty only if the delete is successful.
+  MapFieldBase::SetMapDirty();
+  if (MapFieldBase::arena_ == nullptr) {
+    iter->second.DeleteData();
+  }
+  map_.erase(iter);
+  return true;
+}
+
+const Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>& DynamicMapField::GetMap() const {
+  MapFieldBase::SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
+  return map_;
+}
+
+Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>* DynamicMapField::MutableMap() {
+  MapFieldBase::SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
+  MapFieldBase::SetMapDirty();
+  return &map_;
+}
+
+void DynamicMapField::SetMapIteratorValue(MapIterator* map_iter) const {
+  Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>::const_iterator iter =
+      TypeDefinedMapFieldBase<MapKey, MapValueRef>::InternalGetIterator(
+          map_iter);
+  if (iter == map_.end()) return;
+  map_iter->key_.CopyFrom(iter->first);
+  map_iter->value_.CopyFrom(iter->second);
+}
+
+void DynamicMapField::MergeFrom(const MapFieldBase& other) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(IsMapValid() && other.IsMapValid());
+  Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>* map = MutableMap();
+  const DynamicMapField& other_field =
+      reinterpret_cast<const DynamicMapField&>(other);
+  for (Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>::const_iterator other_it =
+           other_field.map_.begin();
+       other_it != other_field.map_.end(); ++other_it) {
+    Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>::iterator iter = map->find(other_it->first);
+    MapValueRef* map_val;
+    if (iter == map->end()) {
+      map_val = &map_[other_it->first];
+      AllocateMapValue(map_val);
+    } else {
+      map_val = &iter->second;
+    }
+
+    // Copy map value
+    const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor =
+        default_entry_->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("value");
+    switch (field_descriptor->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
+        map_val->SetInt32Value(other_it->second.GetInt32Value());
+        break;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
+        map_val->SetInt64Value(other_it->second.GetInt64Value());
+        break;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
+        map_val->SetUInt32Value(other_it->second.GetUInt32Value());
+        break;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
+        map_val->SetUInt64Value(other_it->second.GetUInt64Value());
+        break;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT: {
+        map_val->SetFloatValue(other_it->second.GetFloatValue());
+        break;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: {
+        map_val->SetDoubleValue(other_it->second.GetDoubleValue());
+        break;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL: {
+        map_val->SetBoolValue(other_it->second.GetBoolValue());
+        break;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+        map_val->SetStringValue(other_it->second.GetStringValue());
+        break;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM: {
+        map_val->SetEnumValue(other_it->second.GetEnumValue());
+        break;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        map_val->MutableMessageValue()->CopyFrom(
+            other_it->second.GetMessageValue());
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DynamicMapField::Swap(MapFieldBase* other) {
+  DynamicMapField* other_field = down_cast<DynamicMapField*>(other);
+  std::swap(this->MapFieldBase::repeated_field_, other_field->repeated_field_);
+  map_.swap(other_field->map_);
+  // a relaxed swap of the atomic
+  auto other_state = other_field->state_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  auto this_state = this->MapFieldBase::state_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  other_field->state_.store(this_state, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  this->MapFieldBase::state_.store(other_state, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+void DynamicMapField::SyncRepeatedFieldWithMapNoLock() const {
+  const Reflection* reflection = default_entry_->GetReflection();
+  const FieldDescriptor* key_des =
+      default_entry_->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* val_des =
+      default_entry_->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  if (MapFieldBase::repeated_field_ == NULL) {
+    if (MapFieldBase::arena_ == NULL) {
+      MapFieldBase::repeated_field_ = new RepeatedPtrField<Message>();
+    } else {
+      MapFieldBase::repeated_field_ =
+          Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<Message> >(
+              MapFieldBase::arena_);
+    }
+  }
+
+  MapFieldBase::repeated_field_->Clear();
+
+  for (Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>::const_iterator it = map_.begin();
+       it != map_.end(); ++it) {
+    Message* new_entry = default_entry_->New(MapFieldBase::arena_);
+    MapFieldBase::repeated_field_->AddAllocated(new_entry);
+    const MapKey& map_key = it->first;
+    switch (key_des->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        reflection->SetString(new_entry, key_des, map_key.GetStringValue());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        reflection->SetInt64(new_entry, key_des, map_key.GetInt64Value());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        reflection->SetInt32(new_entry, key_des, map_key.GetInt32Value());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+        reflection->SetUInt64(new_entry, key_des, map_key.GetUInt64Value());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        reflection->SetUInt32(new_entry, key_des, map_key.GetUInt32Value());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+        reflection->SetBool(new_entry, key_des, map_key.GetBoolValue());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+        break;
+    }
+    const MapValueRef& map_val = it->second;
+    switch (val_des->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        reflection->SetString(new_entry, val_des, map_val.GetStringValue());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        reflection->SetInt64(new_entry, val_des, map_val.GetInt64Value());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        reflection->SetInt32(new_entry, val_des, map_val.GetInt32Value());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+        reflection->SetUInt64(new_entry, val_des, map_val.GetUInt64Value());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        reflection->SetUInt32(new_entry, val_des, map_val.GetUInt32Value());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+        reflection->SetBool(new_entry, val_des, map_val.GetBoolValue());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+        reflection->SetDouble(new_entry, val_des, map_val.GetDoubleValue());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+        reflection->SetFloat(new_entry, val_des, map_val.GetFloatValue());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+        reflection->SetEnumValue(new_entry, val_des, map_val.GetEnumValue());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        const Message& message = map_val.GetMessageValue();
+        reflection->MutableMessage(new_entry, val_des)->CopyFrom(message);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DynamicMapField::SyncMapWithRepeatedFieldNoLock() const {
+  Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>* map = &const_cast<DynamicMapField*>(this)->map_;
+  const Reflection* reflection = default_entry_->GetReflection();
+  const FieldDescriptor* key_des =
+      default_entry_->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* val_des =
+      default_entry_->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  // DynamicMapField owns map values. Need to delete them before clearing
+  // the map.
+  if (MapFieldBase::arena_ == nullptr) {
+    for (Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>::iterator iter = map->begin();
+         iter != map->end(); ++iter) {
+      iter->second.DeleteData();
+    }
+  }
+  map->clear();
+  for (RepeatedPtrField<Message>::iterator it =
+           MapFieldBase::repeated_field_->begin();
+       it != MapFieldBase::repeated_field_->end(); ++it) {
+    // MapKey type will be set later.
+    MapKey map_key;
+    switch (key_des->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        map_key.SetStringValue(reflection->GetString(*it, key_des));
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        map_key.SetInt64Value(reflection->GetInt64(*it, key_des));
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        map_key.SetInt32Value(reflection->GetInt32(*it, key_des));
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+        map_key.SetUInt64Value(reflection->GetUInt64(*it, key_des));
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        map_key.SetUInt32Value(reflection->GetUInt32(*it, key_des));
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+        map_key.SetBoolValue(reflection->GetBool(*it, key_des));
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (MapFieldBase::arena_ == nullptr) {
+      // Remove existing map value with same key.
+      Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>::iterator iter = map->find(map_key);
+      if (iter != map->end()) {
+        iter->second.DeleteData();
+      }
+    }
+
+    MapValueRef& map_val = (*map)[map_key];
+    map_val.SetType(val_des->cpp_type());
+    switch (val_des->cpp_type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(CPPTYPE, TYPE, METHOD)                   \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE: {                 \
+    TYPE* value = Arena::Create<TYPE>(MapFieldBase::arena_); \
+    *value = reflection->Get##METHOD(*it, val_des);          \
+    map_val.SetValue(value);                                 \
+    break;                                                   \
+  }
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32, Int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64, Int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32, UInt32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64, UInt64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double, Double);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float, Float);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool, Bool);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, std::string, String);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, int32, EnumValue);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        const Message& message = reflection->GetMessage(*it, val_des);
+        Message* value = message.New(MapFieldBase::arena_);
+        value->CopyFrom(message);
+        map_val.SetValue(value);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+size_t DynamicMapField::SpaceUsedExcludingSelfNoLock() const {
+  size_t size = 0;
+  if (MapFieldBase::repeated_field_ != NULL) {
+    size += MapFieldBase::repeated_field_->SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong();
+  }
+  size += sizeof(map_);
+  size_t map_size = map_.size();
+  if (map_size) {
+    Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>::const_iterator it = map_.begin();
+    size += sizeof(it->first) * map_size;
+    size += sizeof(it->second) * map_size;
+    // If key is string, add the allocated space.
+    if (it->first.type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING) {
+      size += sizeof(std::string) * map_size;
+    }
+    // Add the allocated space in MapValueRef.
+    switch (it->second.type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(CPPTYPE, TYPE)           \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE: { \
+    size += sizeof(TYPE) * map_size;         \
+    break;                                   \
+  }
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, std::string);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, int32);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        while (it != map_.end()) {
+          const Message& message = it->second.GetMessageValue();
+          size += message.GetReflection()->SpaceUsedLong(message);
+          ++it;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return size;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38bf26aeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,833 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <atomic>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_entry.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class DynamicMessage;
+class MapKey;
+class MapIterator;
+namespace internal {
+
+class ContendedMapCleanTest;
+class GeneratedMessageReflection;
+class MapFieldAccessor;
+
+// This class provides access to map field using reflection, which is the same
+// as those provided for RepeatedPtrField<Message>. It is used for internal
+// reflection implentation only. Users should never use this directly.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MapFieldBase {
+ public:
+  MapFieldBase()
+      : arena_(NULL), repeated_field_(NULL), state_(STATE_MODIFIED_MAP) {}
+  explicit MapFieldBase(Arena* arena)
+      : arena_(arena), repeated_field_(NULL), state_(STATE_MODIFIED_MAP) {
+    // Mutex's destructor needs to be called explicitly to release resources
+    // acquired in its constructor.
+    arena->OwnDestructor(&mutex_);
+  }
+  virtual ~MapFieldBase();
+
+  // Returns reference to internal repeated field. Data written using
+  // Map's api prior to calling this function is guarantted to be
+  // included in repeated field.
+  const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& GetRepeatedField() const;
+
+  // Like above. Returns mutable pointer to the internal repeated field.
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase* MutableRepeatedField();
+
+  // Pure virtual map APIs for Map Reflection.
+  virtual bool ContainsMapKey(const MapKey& map_key) const = 0;
+  virtual bool InsertOrLookupMapValue(const MapKey& map_key,
+                                      MapValueRef* val) = 0;
+  // Returns whether changes to the map are reflected in the repeated field.
+  bool IsRepeatedFieldValid() const;
+  // Insures operations after won't get executed before calling this.
+  bool IsMapValid() const;
+  virtual bool DeleteMapValue(const MapKey& map_key) = 0;
+  virtual bool EqualIterator(const MapIterator& a,
+                             const MapIterator& b) const = 0;
+  virtual void MapBegin(MapIterator* map_iter) const = 0;
+  virtual void MapEnd(MapIterator* map_iter) const = 0;
+  virtual void MergeFrom(const MapFieldBase& other) = 0;
+  virtual void Swap(MapFieldBase* other) = 0;
+  // Sync Map with repeated field and returns the size of map.
+  virtual int size() const = 0;
+  virtual void Clear() = 0;
+
+  // Returns the number of bytes used by the repeated field, excluding
+  // sizeof(*this)
+  size_t SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() const;
+
+  int SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const {
+    return internal::ToIntSize(SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong());
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  // Gets the size of space used by map field.
+  virtual size_t SpaceUsedExcludingSelfNoLock() const;
+
+  // Synchronizes the content in Map to RepeatedPtrField if there is any change
+  // to Map after last synchronization.
+  void SyncRepeatedFieldWithMap() const;
+  virtual void SyncRepeatedFieldWithMapNoLock() const;
+
+  // Synchronizes the content in RepeatedPtrField to Map if there is any change
+  // to RepeatedPtrField after last synchronization.
+  void SyncMapWithRepeatedField() const;
+  virtual void SyncMapWithRepeatedFieldNoLock() const {}
+
+  // Tells MapFieldBase that there is new change to Map.
+  void SetMapDirty();
+
+  // Tells MapFieldBase that there is new change to RepeatedPTrField.
+  void SetRepeatedDirty();
+
+  // Provides derived class the access to repeated field.
+  void* MutableRepeatedPtrField() const;
+
+  enum State {
+    STATE_MODIFIED_MAP = 0,       // map has newly added data that has not been
+                                  // synchronized to repeated field
+    STATE_MODIFIED_REPEATED = 1,  // repeated field has newly added data that
+                                  // has not been synchronized to map
+    CLEAN = 2,                    // data in map and repeated field are same
+  };
+
+  Arena* arena_;
+  mutable RepeatedPtrField<Message>* repeated_field_;
+
+  mutable internal::WrappedMutex
+      mutex_;  // The thread to synchronize map and repeated field
+               // needs to get lock first;
+  mutable std::atomic<State> state_;
+
+ private:
+  friend class ContendedMapCleanTest;
+  friend class GeneratedMessageReflection;
+  friend class MapFieldAccessor;
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicMessage;
+
+  // Virtual helper methods for MapIterator. MapIterator doesn't have the
+  // type helper for key and value. Call these help methods to deal with
+  // different types. Real helper methods are implemented in
+  // TypeDefinedMapFieldBase.
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MapIterator;
+  // Allocate map<...>::iterator for MapIterator.
+  virtual void InitializeIterator(MapIterator* map_iter) const = 0;
+
+  // DeleteIterator() is called by the destructor of MapIterator only.
+  // It deletes map<...>::iterator for MapIterator.
+  virtual void DeleteIterator(MapIterator* map_iter) const = 0;
+
+  // Copy the map<...>::iterator from other_iterator to
+  // this_iterator.
+  virtual void CopyIterator(MapIterator* this_iterator,
+                            const MapIterator& other_iterator) const = 0;
+
+  // IncreaseIterator() is called by operator++() of MapIterator only.
+  // It implements the ++ operator of MapIterator.
+  virtual void IncreaseIterator(MapIterator* map_iter) const = 0;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MapFieldBase);
+};
+
+// This class provides common Map Reflection implementations for generated
+// message and dynamic message.
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+class TypeDefinedMapFieldBase : public MapFieldBase {
+ public:
+  TypeDefinedMapFieldBase() {}
+  explicit TypeDefinedMapFieldBase(Arena* arena) : MapFieldBase(arena) {}
+  ~TypeDefinedMapFieldBase() override {}
+  void MapBegin(MapIterator* map_iter) const override;
+  void MapEnd(MapIterator* map_iter) const override;
+  bool EqualIterator(const MapIterator& a, const MapIterator& b) const override;
+
+  virtual const Map<Key, T>& GetMap() const = 0;
+  virtual Map<Key, T>* MutableMap() = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator& InternalGetIterator(
+      const MapIterator* map_iter) const;
+
+ private:
+  void InitializeIterator(MapIterator* map_iter) const override;
+  void DeleteIterator(MapIterator* map_iter) const override;
+  void CopyIterator(MapIterator* this_iteratorm,
+                    const MapIterator& that_iterator) const override;
+  void IncreaseIterator(MapIterator* map_iter) const override;
+
+  virtual void SetMapIteratorValue(MapIterator* map_iter) const = 0;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(TypeDefinedMapFieldBase);
+};
+
+// This class provides access to map field using generated api. It is used for
+// internal generated message implentation only. Users should never use this
+// directly.
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value = 0>
+class MapField : public TypeDefinedMapFieldBase<Key, T> {
+  // Provide utilities to parse/serialize key/value.  Provide utilities to
+  // manipulate internal stored type.
+  typedef MapTypeHandler<kKeyFieldType, Key> KeyTypeHandler;
+  typedef MapTypeHandler<kValueFieldType, T> ValueTypeHandler;
+
+  // Define message type for internal repeated field.
+  typedef Derived EntryType;
+
+  // Define abbreviation for parent MapFieldLite
+  typedef MapFieldLite<Derived, Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+                       default_enum_value>
+      MapFieldLiteType;
+
+  // Enum needs to be handled differently from other types because it has
+  // different exposed type in Map's api and repeated field's api. For
+  // details see the comment in the implementation of
+  // SyncMapWithRepeatedFieldNoLock.
+  static const bool kIsValueEnum = ValueTypeHandler::kIsEnum;
+  typedef typename MapIf<kIsValueEnum, T, const T&>::type CastValueType;
+
+ public:
+  typedef typename Derived::SuperType EntryTypeTrait;
+  typedef Map<Key, T> MapType;
+
+  MapField() {}
+  explicit MapField(Arena* arena)
+      : TypeDefinedMapFieldBase<Key, T>(arena), impl_(arena) {}
+
+  // Implement MapFieldBase
+  bool ContainsMapKey(const MapKey& map_key) const override;
+  bool InsertOrLookupMapValue(const MapKey& map_key, MapValueRef* val) override;
+  bool DeleteMapValue(const MapKey& map_key) override;
+
+  const Map<Key, T>& GetMap() const override {
+    MapFieldBase::SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
+    return impl_.GetMap();
+  }
+
+  Map<Key, T>* MutableMap() override {
+    MapFieldBase::SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
+    Map<Key, T>* result = impl_.MutableMap();
+    MapFieldBase::SetMapDirty();
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  int size() const override;
+  void Clear() override;
+  void MergeFrom(const MapFieldBase& other) override;
+  void Swap(MapFieldBase* other) override;
+
+  // Used in the implementation of parsing. Caller should take the ownership iff
+  // arena_ is NULL.
+  EntryType* NewEntry() const { return impl_.NewEntry(); }
+  // Used in the implementation of serializing enum value type. Caller should
+  // take the ownership iff arena_ is NULL.
+  EntryType* NewEnumEntryWrapper(const Key& key, const T t) const {
+    return impl_.NewEnumEntryWrapper(key, t);
+  }
+  // Used in the implementation of serializing other value types. Caller should
+  // take the ownership iff arena_ is NULL.
+  EntryType* NewEntryWrapper(const Key& key, const T& t) const {
+    return impl_.NewEntryWrapper(key, t);
+  }
+
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+    return impl_._InternalParse(ptr, ctx);
+  }
+  template <typename Metadata>
+  const char* ParseWithEnumValidation(const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx,
+                                      bool (*is_valid)(int), uint32 field_num,
+                                      Metadata* metadata) {
+    return impl_.ParseWithEnumValidation(ptr, ctx, is_valid, field_num,
+                                         metadata);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  MapFieldLiteType impl_;
+
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+
+  // Implements MapFieldBase
+  void SyncRepeatedFieldWithMapNoLock() const override;
+  void SyncMapWithRepeatedFieldNoLock() const override;
+  size_t SpaceUsedExcludingSelfNoLock() const override;
+
+  void SetMapIteratorValue(MapIterator* map_iter) const override;
+
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena;
+  friend class MapFieldStateTest;  // For testing, it needs raw access to impl_
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MapField);
+};
+
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type, int default_enum_value>
+bool AllAreInitialized(
+    const MapField<Derived, Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+                   default_enum_value>& field) {
+  const auto& t = field.GetMap();
+  for (typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator it = t.begin(); it != t.end();
+       ++it) {
+    if (!it->second.IsInitialized()) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+struct MapEntryToMapField<MapEntry<T, Key, Value, kKeyFieldType,
+                                   kValueFieldType, default_enum_value>> {
+  typedef MapField<T, Key, Value, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+                   default_enum_value>
+      MapFieldType;
+};
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT DynamicMapField
+    : public TypeDefinedMapFieldBase<MapKey, MapValueRef> {
+ public:
+  explicit DynamicMapField(const Message* default_entry);
+  DynamicMapField(const Message* default_entry, Arena* arena);
+  ~DynamicMapField() override;
+
+  // Implement MapFieldBase
+  bool ContainsMapKey(const MapKey& map_key) const override;
+  bool InsertOrLookupMapValue(const MapKey& map_key, MapValueRef* val) override;
+  bool DeleteMapValue(const MapKey& map_key) override;
+  void MergeFrom(const MapFieldBase& other) override;
+  void Swap(MapFieldBase* other) override;
+
+  const Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>& GetMap() const override;
+  Map<MapKey, MapValueRef>* MutableMap() override;
+
+  int size() const override;
+  void Clear() override;
+
+ private:
+  Map<MapKey, MapValueRef> map_;
+  const Message* default_entry_;
+
+  void AllocateMapValue(MapValueRef* map_val);
+
+  // Implements MapFieldBase
+  void SyncRepeatedFieldWithMapNoLock() const override;
+  void SyncMapWithRepeatedFieldNoLock() const override;
+  size_t SpaceUsedExcludingSelfNoLock() const override;
+  void SetMapIteratorValue(MapIterator* map_iter) const override;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(DynamicMapField);
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+#define TYPE_CHECK(EXPECTEDTYPE, METHOD)                                   \
+  if (type() != EXPECTEDTYPE) {                                            \
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Protocol Buffer map usage error:\n"                     \
+               << METHOD << " type does not match\n"                       \
+               << "  Expected : "                                          \
+               << FieldDescriptor::CppTypeName(EXPECTEDTYPE) << "\n"       \
+               << "  Actual   : " << FieldDescriptor::CppTypeName(type()); \
+  }
+
+// MapKey is an union type for representing any possible
+// map key.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MapKey {
+ public:
+  MapKey() : type_(0) {}
+  MapKey(const MapKey& other) : type_(0) { CopyFrom(other); }
+
+  MapKey& operator=(const MapKey& other) {
+    CopyFrom(other);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  ~MapKey() {
+    if (type_ == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING) {
+      val_.string_value_.Destruct();
+    }
+  }
+
+  FieldDescriptor::CppType type() const {
+    if (type_ == 0) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Protocol Buffer map usage error:\n"
+                 << "MapKey::type MapKey is not initialized. "
+                 << "Call set methods to initialize MapKey.";
+    }
+    return (FieldDescriptor::CppType)type_;
+  }
+
+  void SetInt64Value(int64 value) {
+    SetType(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64);
+    val_.int64_value_ = value;
+  }
+  void SetUInt64Value(uint64 value) {
+    SetType(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64);
+    val_.uint64_value_ = value;
+  }
+  void SetInt32Value(int32 value) {
+    SetType(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32);
+    val_.int32_value_ = value;
+  }
+  void SetUInt32Value(uint32 value) {
+    SetType(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32);
+    val_.uint32_value_ = value;
+  }
+  void SetBoolValue(bool value) {
+    SetType(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL);
+    val_.bool_value_ = value;
+  }
+  void SetStringValue(std::string val) {
+    SetType(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING);
+    *val_.string_value_.get_mutable() = std::move(val);
+  }
+
+  int64 GetInt64Value() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64, "MapKey::GetInt64Value");
+    return val_.int64_value_;
+  }
+  uint64 GetUInt64Value() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64, "MapKey::GetUInt64Value");
+    return val_.uint64_value_;
+  }
+  int32 GetInt32Value() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32, "MapKey::GetInt32Value");
+    return val_.int32_value_;
+  }
+  uint32 GetUInt32Value() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32, "MapKey::GetUInt32Value");
+    return val_.uint32_value_;
+  }
+  bool GetBoolValue() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL, "MapKey::GetBoolValue");
+    return val_.bool_value_;
+  }
+  const std::string& GetStringValue() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING, "MapKey::GetStringValue");
+    return val_.string_value_.get();
+  }
+
+  bool operator<(const MapKey& other) const {
+    if (type_ != other.type_) {
+      // We could define a total order that handles this case, but
+      // there currently no need.  So, for now, fail.
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unsupported: type mismatch";
+    }
+    switch (type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unsupported";
+        return false;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        return val_.string_value_.get() < other.val_.string_value_.get();
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        return val_.int64_value_ < other.val_.int64_value_;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        return val_.int32_value_ < other.val_.int32_value_;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+        return val_.uint64_value_ < other.val_.uint64_value_;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        return val_.uint32_value_ < other.val_.uint32_value_;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+        return val_.bool_value_ < other.val_.bool_value_;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool operator==(const MapKey& other) const {
+    if (type_ != other.type_) {
+      // To be consistent with operator<, we don't allow this either.
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unsupported: type mismatch";
+    }
+    switch (type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unsupported";
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        return val_.string_value_.get() == other.val_.string_value_.get();
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        return val_.int64_value_ == other.val_.int64_value_;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        return val_.int32_value_ == other.val_.int32_value_;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+        return val_.uint64_value_ == other.val_.uint64_value_;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        return val_.uint32_value_ == other.val_.uint32_value_;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+        return val_.bool_value_ == other.val_.bool_value_;
+    }
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  void CopyFrom(const MapKey& other) {
+    SetType(other.type());
+    switch (type_) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unsupported";
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        *val_.string_value_.get_mutable() = other.val_.string_value_.get();
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        val_.int64_value_ = other.val_.int64_value_;
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        val_.int32_value_ = other.val_.int32_value_;
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+        val_.uint64_value_ = other.val_.uint64_value_;
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        val_.uint32_value_ = other.val_.uint32_value_;
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+        val_.bool_value_ = other.val_.bool_value_;
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename K, typename V>
+  friend class internal::TypeDefinedMapFieldBase;
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MapIterator;
+  friend class internal::DynamicMapField;
+
+  union KeyValue {
+    KeyValue() {}
+    internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<std::string> string_value_;
+    int64 int64_value_;
+    int32 int32_value_;
+    uint64 uint64_value_;
+    uint32 uint32_value_;
+    bool bool_value_;
+  } val_;
+
+  void SetType(FieldDescriptor::CppType type) {
+    if (type_ == type) return;
+    if (type_ == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING) {
+      val_.string_value_.Destruct();
+    }
+    type_ = type;
+    if (type_ == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING) {
+      val_.string_value_.DefaultConstruct();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // type_ is 0 or a valid FieldDescriptor::CppType.
+  int type_;
+};
+
+// MapValueRef points to a map value.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MapValueRef {
+ public:
+  MapValueRef() : data_(NULL), type_(0) {}
+
+  void SetInt64Value(int64 value) {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64, "MapValueRef::SetInt64Value");
+    *reinterpret_cast<int64*>(data_) = value;
+  }
+  void SetUInt64Value(uint64 value) {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64, "MapValueRef::SetUInt64Value");
+    *reinterpret_cast<uint64*>(data_) = value;
+  }
+  void SetInt32Value(int32 value) {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32, "MapValueRef::SetInt32Value");
+    *reinterpret_cast<int32*>(data_) = value;
+  }
+  void SetUInt32Value(uint32 value) {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32, "MapValueRef::SetUInt32Value");
+    *reinterpret_cast<uint32*>(data_) = value;
+  }
+  void SetBoolValue(bool value) {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL, "MapValueRef::SetBoolValue");
+    *reinterpret_cast<bool*>(data_) = value;
+  }
+  // TODO(jieluo) - Checks that enum is member.
+  void SetEnumValue(int value) {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM, "MapValueRef::SetEnumValue");
+    *reinterpret_cast<int*>(data_) = value;
+  }
+  void SetStringValue(const std::string& value) {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING, "MapValueRef::SetStringValue");
+    *reinterpret_cast<std::string*>(data_) = value;
+  }
+  void SetFloatValue(float value) {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT, "MapValueRef::SetFloatValue");
+    *reinterpret_cast<float*>(data_) = value;
+  }
+  void SetDoubleValue(double value) {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE, "MapValueRef::SetDoubleValue");
+    *reinterpret_cast<double*>(data_) = value;
+  }
+
+  int64 GetInt64Value() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64, "MapValueRef::GetInt64Value");
+    return *reinterpret_cast<int64*>(data_);
+  }
+  uint64 GetUInt64Value() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64, "MapValueRef::GetUInt64Value");
+    return *reinterpret_cast<uint64*>(data_);
+  }
+  int32 GetInt32Value() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32, "MapValueRef::GetInt32Value");
+    return *reinterpret_cast<int32*>(data_);
+  }
+  uint32 GetUInt32Value() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32, "MapValueRef::GetUInt32Value");
+    return *reinterpret_cast<uint32*>(data_);
+  }
+  bool GetBoolValue() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL, "MapValueRef::GetBoolValue");
+    return *reinterpret_cast<bool*>(data_);
+  }
+  int GetEnumValue() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM, "MapValueRef::GetEnumValue");
+    return *reinterpret_cast<int*>(data_);
+  }
+  const std::string& GetStringValue() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING, "MapValueRef::GetStringValue");
+    return *reinterpret_cast<std::string*>(data_);
+  }
+  float GetFloatValue() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT, "MapValueRef::GetFloatValue");
+    return *reinterpret_cast<float*>(data_);
+  }
+  double GetDoubleValue() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE, "MapValueRef::GetDoubleValue");
+    return *reinterpret_cast<double*>(data_);
+  }
+
+  const Message& GetMessageValue() const {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE,
+               "MapValueRef::GetMessageValue");
+    return *reinterpret_cast<Message*>(data_);
+  }
+
+  Message* MutableMessageValue() {
+    TYPE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE,
+               "MapValueRef::MutableMessageValue");
+    return reinterpret_cast<Message*>(data_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename Derived, typename K, typename V,
+            internal::WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+            internal::WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+            int default_enum_value>
+  friend class internal::MapField;
+  template <typename K, typename V>
+  friend class internal::TypeDefinedMapFieldBase;
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MapIterator;
+  friend class Reflection;
+  friend class internal::DynamicMapField;
+
+  void SetType(FieldDescriptor::CppType type) { type_ = type; }
+
+  FieldDescriptor::CppType type() const {
+    if (type_ == 0 || data_ == NULL) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Protocol Buffer map usage error:\n"
+                 << "MapValueRef::type MapValueRef is not initialized.";
+    }
+    return (FieldDescriptor::CppType)type_;
+  }
+  void SetValue(const void* val) { data_ = const_cast<void*>(val); }
+  void CopyFrom(const MapValueRef& other) {
+    type_ = other.type_;
+    data_ = other.data_;
+  }
+  // Only used in DynamicMapField
+  void DeleteData() {
+    switch (type_) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(CPPTYPE, TYPE)           \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE: { \
+    delete reinterpret_cast<TYPE*>(data_);   \
+    break;                                   \
+  }
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, std::string);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, int32);
+      HANDLE_TYPE(MESSAGE, Message);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+    }
+  }
+  // data_ point to a map value. MapValueRef does not
+  // own this value.
+  void* data_;
+  // type_ is 0 or a valid FieldDescriptor::CppType.
+  int type_;
+};
+
+#undef TYPE_CHECK
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MapIterator {
+ public:
+  MapIterator(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+    map_ = reflection->MutableMapData(message, field);
+    key_.SetType(field->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key")->cpp_type());
+    value_.SetType(field->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value")->cpp_type());
+    map_->InitializeIterator(this);
+  }
+  MapIterator(const MapIterator& other) {
+    map_ = other.map_;
+    map_->InitializeIterator(this);
+    map_->CopyIterator(this, other);
+  }
+  ~MapIterator() { map_->DeleteIterator(this); }
+  MapIterator& operator=(const MapIterator& other) {
+    map_ = other.map_;
+    map_->CopyIterator(this, other);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  friend bool operator==(const MapIterator& a, const MapIterator& b) {
+    return a.map_->EqualIterator(a, b);
+  }
+  friend bool operator!=(const MapIterator& a, const MapIterator& b) {
+    return !a.map_->EqualIterator(a, b);
+  }
+  MapIterator& operator++() {
+    map_->IncreaseIterator(this);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  MapIterator operator++(int) {
+    // iter_ is copied from Map<...>::iterator, no need to
+    // copy from its self again. Use the same implementation
+    // with operator++()
+    map_->IncreaseIterator(this);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  const MapKey& GetKey() { return key_; }
+  const MapValueRef& GetValueRef() { return value_; }
+  MapValueRef* MutableValueRef() {
+    map_->SetMapDirty();
+    return &value_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename Key, typename T>
+  friend class internal::TypeDefinedMapFieldBase;
+  friend class internal::DynamicMapField;
+  template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+            internal::WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+            internal::WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+            int default_enum_value>
+  friend class internal::MapField;
+
+  // reinterpret_cast from heap-allocated Map<...>::iterator*. MapIterator owns
+  // the iterator. It is allocated by MapField<...>::InitializeIterator() called
+  // in constructor and deleted by MapField<...>::DeleteIterator() called in
+  // destructor.
+  void* iter_;
+  // Point to a MapField to call helper methods implemented in MapField.
+  // MapIterator does not own this object.
+  internal::MapFieldBase* map_;
+  MapKey key_;
+  MapValueRef value_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE_DECLARATION_START
+template <>
+struct hash<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MapKey> {
+  size_t operator()(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MapKey& map_key) const {
+    switch (map_key.type()) {
+      case ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      case ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      case ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      case ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unsupported";
+        break;
+      case ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        return hash<std::string>()(map_key.GetStringValue());
+      case ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        return hash<int64>()(map_key.GetInt64Value());
+      case ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        return hash<int32>()(map_key.GetInt32Value());
+      case ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+        return hash<uint64>()(map_key.GetUInt64Value());
+      case ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        return hash<uint32>()(map_key.GetUInt32Value());
+      case ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+        return hash<bool>()(map_key.GetBoolValue());
+    }
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+    return 0;
+  }
+  bool operator()(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MapKey& map_key1,
+                  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MapKey& map_key2) const {
+    return map_key1 < map_key2;
+  }
+};
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE_DECLARATION_END
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7baaa5ff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_FIELD_INL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_FIELD_INL_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+// UnwrapMapKey template
+template <typename T>
+T UnwrapMapKey(const MapKey& map_key);
+template <>
+inline int32 UnwrapMapKey<int32>(const MapKey& map_key) {
+  return map_key.GetInt32Value();
+}
+template <>
+inline uint32 UnwrapMapKey<uint32>(const MapKey& map_key) {
+  return map_key.GetUInt32Value();
+}
+template <>
+inline int64 UnwrapMapKey<int64>(const MapKey& map_key) {
+  return map_key.GetInt64Value();
+}
+template <>
+inline uint64 UnwrapMapKey<uint64>(const MapKey& map_key) {
+  return map_key.GetUInt64Value();
+}
+template <>
+inline bool UnwrapMapKey<bool>(const MapKey& map_key) {
+  return map_key.GetBoolValue();
+}
+template <>
+inline std::string UnwrapMapKey<std::string>(const MapKey& map_key) {
+  return map_key.GetStringValue();
+}
+
+// SetMapKey template
+template <typename T>
+inline void SetMapKey(MapKey* map_key, const T& value);
+template <>
+inline void SetMapKey<int32>(MapKey* map_key, const int32& value) {
+  map_key->SetInt32Value(value);
+}
+template <>
+inline void SetMapKey<uint32>(MapKey* map_key, const uint32& value) {
+  map_key->SetUInt32Value(value);
+}
+template <>
+inline void SetMapKey<int64>(MapKey* map_key, const int64& value) {
+  map_key->SetInt64Value(value);
+}
+template <>
+inline void SetMapKey<uint64>(MapKey* map_key, const uint64& value) {
+  map_key->SetUInt64Value(value);
+}
+template <>
+inline void SetMapKey<bool>(MapKey* map_key, const bool& value) {
+  map_key->SetBoolValue(value);
+}
+template <>
+inline void SetMapKey<std::string>(MapKey* map_key, const std::string& value) {
+  map_key->SetStringValue(value);
+}
+
+// ------------------------TypeDefinedMapFieldBase---------------
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator&
+TypeDefinedMapFieldBase<Key, T>::InternalGetIterator(
+    const MapIterator* map_iter) const {
+  return *reinterpret_cast<typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator*>(
+      map_iter->iter_);
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+void TypeDefinedMapFieldBase<Key, T>::MapBegin(MapIterator* map_iter) const {
+  InternalGetIterator(map_iter) = GetMap().begin();
+  SetMapIteratorValue(map_iter);
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+void TypeDefinedMapFieldBase<Key, T>::MapEnd(MapIterator* map_iter) const {
+  InternalGetIterator(map_iter) = GetMap().end();
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+bool TypeDefinedMapFieldBase<Key, T>::EqualIterator(
+    const MapIterator& a, const MapIterator& b) const {
+  return InternalGetIterator(&a) == InternalGetIterator(&b);
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+void TypeDefinedMapFieldBase<Key, T>::IncreaseIterator(
+    MapIterator* map_iter) const {
+  ++InternalGetIterator(map_iter);
+  SetMapIteratorValue(map_iter);
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+void TypeDefinedMapFieldBase<Key, T>::InitializeIterator(
+    MapIterator* map_iter) const {
+  map_iter->iter_ = new typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(map_iter->iter_ != NULL);
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+void TypeDefinedMapFieldBase<Key, T>::DeleteIterator(
+    MapIterator* map_iter) const {
+  delete reinterpret_cast<typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator*>(
+      map_iter->iter_);
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+void TypeDefinedMapFieldBase<Key, T>::CopyIterator(
+    MapIterator* this_iter, const MapIterator& that_iter) const {
+  InternalGetIterator(this_iter) = InternalGetIterator(&that_iter);
+  this_iter->key_.SetType(that_iter.key_.type());
+  // MapValueRef::type() fails when containing data is null. However, if
+  // this_iter points to MapEnd, data can be null.
+  this_iter->value_.SetType(
+      static_cast<FieldDescriptor::CppType>(that_iter.value_.type_));
+  SetMapIteratorValue(this_iter);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+int MapField<Derived, Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+             default_enum_value>::size() const {
+  MapFieldBase::SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
+  return static_cast<int>(impl_.GetMap().size());
+}
+
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+void MapField<Derived, Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+              default_enum_value>::Clear() {
+  if (this->MapFieldBase::repeated_field_ != nullptr) {
+    RepeatedPtrField<EntryType>* repeated_field =
+        reinterpret_cast<RepeatedPtrField<EntryType>*>(
+            this->MapFieldBase::repeated_field_);
+    repeated_field->Clear();
+  }
+
+  impl_.MutableMap()->clear();
+  // Data in map and repeated field are both empty, but we can't set status
+  // CLEAN. Because clear is a generated API, we cannot invalidate previous
+  // reference to map.
+  MapFieldBase::SetMapDirty();
+}
+
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+void MapField<Derived, Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+              default_enum_value>::SetMapIteratorValue(MapIterator* map_iter)
+    const {
+  const Map<Key, T>& map = impl_.GetMap();
+  typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator iter =
+      TypeDefinedMapFieldBase<Key, T>::InternalGetIterator(map_iter);
+  if (iter == map.end()) return;
+  SetMapKey(&map_iter->key_, iter->first);
+  map_iter->value_.SetValue(&iter->second);
+}
+
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+bool MapField<Derived, Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+              default_enum_value>::ContainsMapKey(const MapKey& map_key) const {
+  const Map<Key, T>& map = impl_.GetMap();
+  const Key& key = UnwrapMapKey<Key>(map_key);
+  typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator iter = map.find(key);
+  return iter != map.end();
+}
+
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+bool MapField<Derived, Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+              default_enum_value>::InsertOrLookupMapValue(const MapKey& map_key,
+                                                          MapValueRef* val) {
+  // Always use mutable map because users may change the map value by
+  // MapValueRef.
+  Map<Key, T>* map = MutableMap();
+  const Key& key = UnwrapMapKey<Key>(map_key);
+  typename Map<Key, T>::iterator iter = map->find(key);
+  if (map->end() == iter) {
+    val->SetValue(&((*map)[key]));
+    return true;
+  }
+  // Key is already in the map. Make sure (*map)[key] is not called.
+  // [] may reorder the map and iterators.
+  val->SetValue(&(iter->second));
+  return false;
+}
+
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+bool MapField<Derived, Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+              default_enum_value>::DeleteMapValue(const MapKey& map_key) {
+  const Key& key = UnwrapMapKey<Key>(map_key);
+  return MutableMap()->erase(key);
+}
+
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+void MapField<Derived, Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+              default_enum_value>::MergeFrom(const MapFieldBase& other) {
+  MapFieldBase::SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
+  const MapField& other_field = static_cast<const MapField&>(other);
+  other_field.SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
+  impl_.MergeFrom(other_field.impl_);
+  MapFieldBase::SetMapDirty();
+}
+
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+void MapField<Derived, Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+              default_enum_value>::Swap(MapFieldBase* other) {
+  MapField* other_field = down_cast<MapField*>(other);
+  std::swap(this->MapFieldBase::repeated_field_, other_field->repeated_field_);
+  impl_.Swap(&other_field->impl_);
+  // a relaxed swap of the atomic
+  auto other_state = other_field->state_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  auto this_state = this->MapFieldBase::state_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  other_field->state_.store(this_state, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  this->MapFieldBase::state_.store(other_state, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+void MapField<Derived, Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+              default_enum_value>::SyncRepeatedFieldWithMapNoLock() const {
+  if (this->MapFieldBase::repeated_field_ == NULL) {
+    if (this->MapFieldBase::arena_ == NULL) {
+      this->MapFieldBase::repeated_field_ = new RepeatedPtrField<Message>();
+    } else {
+      this->MapFieldBase::repeated_field_ =
+          Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<Message> >(
+              this->MapFieldBase::arena_);
+    }
+  }
+  const Map<Key, T>& map = impl_.GetMap();
+  RepeatedPtrField<EntryType>* repeated_field =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedPtrField<EntryType>*>(
+          this->MapFieldBase::repeated_field_);
+
+  repeated_field->Clear();
+
+  // The only way we can get at this point is through reflection and the
+  // only way we can get the reflection object is by having called GetReflection
+  // on the encompassing field. So that type must have existed and hence we
+  // know that this MapEntry default_type has also already been constructed.
+  // So it's safe to just call internal_default_instance().
+  const Message* default_entry = Derived::internal_default_instance();
+  for (typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator it = map.begin(); it != map.end();
+       ++it) {
+    EntryType* new_entry =
+        down_cast<EntryType*>(default_entry->New(this->MapFieldBase::arena_));
+    repeated_field->AddAllocated(new_entry);
+    (*new_entry->mutable_key()) = it->first;
+    (*new_entry->mutable_value()) = it->second;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+void MapField<Derived, Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+              default_enum_value>::SyncMapWithRepeatedFieldNoLock() const {
+  Map<Key, T>* map = const_cast<MapField*>(this)->impl_.MutableMap();
+  RepeatedPtrField<EntryType>* repeated_field =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedPtrField<EntryType>*>(
+          this->MapFieldBase::repeated_field_);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(this->MapFieldBase::repeated_field_ != NULL);
+  map->clear();
+  for (typename RepeatedPtrField<EntryType>::iterator it =
+           repeated_field->begin();
+       it != repeated_field->end(); ++it) {
+    // Cast is needed because Map's api and internal storage is different when
+    // value is enum. For enum, we cannot cast an int to enum. Thus, we have to
+    // copy value. For other types, they have same exposed api type and internal
+    // stored type. We should not introduce value copy for them. We achieve this
+    // by casting to value for enum while casting to reference for other types.
+    (*map)[it->key()] = static_cast<CastValueType>(it->value());
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+size_t MapField<Derived, Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+                default_enum_value>::SpaceUsedExcludingSelfNoLock() const {
+  size_t size = 0;
+  if (this->MapFieldBase::repeated_field_ != NULL) {
+    size += this->MapFieldBase::repeated_field_->SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong();
+  }
+  Map<Key, T>* map = const_cast<MapField*>(this)->impl_.MutableMap();
+  size += sizeof(*map);
+  for (typename Map<Key, T>::iterator it = map->begin(); it != map->end();
+       ++it) {
+    size += KeyTypeHandler::SpaceUsedInMapLong(it->first);
+    size += ValueTypeHandler::SpaceUsedInMapLong(it->second);
+  }
+  return size;
+}
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_FIELD_INL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f2f6324a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_FIELD_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_FIELD_LITE_H__
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <google/protobuf/parse_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// This class provides access to map field using generated api. It is used for
+// internal generated message implentation only. Users should never use this
+// directly.
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type, int default_enum_value = 0>
+class MapFieldLite {
+  // Define message type for internal repeated field.
+  typedef Derived EntryType;
+
+ public:
+  typedef Map<Key, T> MapType;
+  typedef EntryType EntryTypeTrait;
+
+  MapFieldLite() { SetDefaultEnumValue(); }
+
+  explicit MapFieldLite(Arena* arena) : map_(arena) { SetDefaultEnumValue(); }
+
+  // Accessors
+  const Map<Key, T>& GetMap() const { return map_; }
+  Map<Key, T>* MutableMap() { return &map_; }
+
+  // Convenient methods for generated message implementation.
+  int size() const { return static_cast<int>(map_.size()); }
+  void Clear() { return map_.clear(); }
+  void MergeFrom(const MapFieldLite& other) {
+    for (typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator it = other.map_.begin();
+         it != other.map_.end(); ++it) {
+      map_[it->first] = it->second;
+    }
+  }
+  void Swap(MapFieldLite* other) { map_.swap(other->map_); }
+
+  // Set default enum value only for proto2 map field whose value is enum type.
+  void SetDefaultEnumValue() {
+    MutableMap()->SetDefaultEnumValue(default_enum_value);
+  }
+
+  // Used in the implementation of parsing. Caller should take the ownership iff
+  // arena_ is NULL.
+  EntryType* NewEntry() const {
+    return Arena::CreateMessage<EntryType>(map_.arena_);
+  }
+  // Used in the implementation of serializing enum value type. Caller should
+  // take the ownership iff arena_ is NULL.
+  EntryType* NewEnumEntryWrapper(const Key& key, const T t) const {
+    return EntryType::EnumWrap(key, t, map_.arena_);
+  }
+  // Used in the implementation of serializing other value types. Caller should
+  // take the ownership iff arena_ is NULL.
+  EntryType* NewEntryWrapper(const Key& key, const T& t) const {
+    return EntryType::Wrap(key, t, map_.arena_);
+  }
+
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+    typename Derived::template Parser<MapFieldLite, Map<Key, T>> parser(this);
+    return parser._InternalParse(ptr, ctx);
+  }
+
+  template <typename Metadata>
+  const char* ParseWithEnumValidation(const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx,
+                                      bool (*is_valid)(int), uint32 field_num,
+                                      Metadata* metadata) {
+    typename Derived::template Parser<MapFieldLite, Map<Key, T>> parser(this);
+    return parser.ParseWithEnumValidation(ptr, ctx, is_valid, field_num,
+                                          metadata);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+
+  Map<Key, T> map_;
+
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Metadata>
+struct EnumParseWrapper {
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+    return map_field->ParseWithEnumValidation(ptr, ctx, is_valid, field_num,
+                                              metadata);
+  }
+  T* map_field;
+  bool (*is_valid)(int);
+  uint32 field_num;
+  Metadata* metadata;
+};
+
+// Helper function because the typenames of maps are horrendous to print. This
+// leverages compiler type deduction, to keep all type data out of the
+// generated code
+template <typename T, typename Metadata>
+EnumParseWrapper<T, Metadata> InitEnumParseWrapper(T* map_field,
+                                                   bool (*is_valid)(int),
+                                                   uint32 field_num,
+                                                   Metadata* metadata) {
+  return EnumParseWrapper<T, Metadata>{map_field, is_valid, field_num,
+                                       metadata};
+}
+
+// True if IsInitialized() is true for value field in all elements of t. T is
+// expected to be message.  It's useful to have this helper here to keep the
+// protobuf compiler from ever having to emit loops in IsInitialized() methods.
+// We want the C++ compiler to inline this or not as it sees fit.
+template <typename Derived, typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type, int default_enum_value>
+bool AllAreInitialized(
+    const MapFieldLite<Derived, Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+                       default_enum_value>& field) {
+  const auto& t = field.GetMap();
+  for (typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator it = t.begin(); it != t.end();
+       ++it) {
+    if (!it->second.IsInitialized()) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename MEntry>
+struct MapEntryToMapField : MapEntryToMapField<typename MEntry::SuperType> {};
+
+template <typename T, typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+struct MapEntryToMapField<MapEntryLite<T, Key, Value, kKeyFieldType,
+                                       kValueFieldType, default_enum_value>> {
+  typedef MapFieldLite<MapEntryLite<T, Key, Value, kKeyFieldType,
+                                    kValueFieldType, default_enum_value>,
+                       Key, Value, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+                       default_enum_value>
+      MapFieldType;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_FIELD_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05f83e23f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace internal {
+
+using unittest::TestAllTypes;
+
+class MapFieldBaseStub : public MapFieldBase {
+ public:
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  MapFieldBaseStub() {}
+  explicit MapFieldBaseStub(Arena* arena) : MapFieldBase(arena) {}
+  // Get underlined repeated field without synchronizing map.
+  RepeatedPtrField<Message>* InternalRepeatedField() { return repeated_field_; }
+  bool IsMapClean() {
+    return state_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) != STATE_MODIFIED_MAP;
+  }
+  bool IsRepeatedClean() {
+    return state_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) != STATE_MODIFIED_REPEATED;
+  }
+  void SetMapDirty() {
+    state_.store(STATE_MODIFIED_MAP, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
+  void SetRepeatedDirty() {
+    state_.store(STATE_MODIFIED_REPEATED, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
+  bool ContainsMapKey(const MapKey& map_key) const override { return false; }
+  bool InsertOrLookupMapValue(const MapKey& map_key,
+                              MapValueRef* val) override {
+    return false;
+  }
+  bool DeleteMapValue(const MapKey& map_key) override { return false; }
+  bool EqualIterator(const MapIterator& a,
+                     const MapIterator& b) const override {
+    return false;
+  }
+  int size() const override { return 0; }
+  void Clear() override {}
+  void MapBegin(MapIterator* map_iter) const override {}
+  void MapEnd(MapIterator* map_iter) const override {}
+  void MergeFrom(const MapFieldBase& other) override {}
+  void Swap(MapFieldBase* other) override {}
+  void InitializeIterator(MapIterator* map_iter) const override {}
+  void DeleteIterator(MapIterator* map_iter) const override {}
+  void CopyIterator(MapIterator* this_iterator,
+                    const MapIterator& other_iterator) const override {}
+  void IncreaseIterator(MapIterator* map_iter) const override {}
+};
+
+class MapFieldBasePrimitiveTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  typedef unittest::TestMap_MapInt32Int32Entry_DoNotUse EntryType;
+  typedef MapField<EntryType, int32, int32, WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32,
+                   WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32, false>
+      MapFieldType;
+
+  MapFieldBasePrimitiveTest() {
+    // Get descriptors
+    map_descriptor_ = unittest::TestMap::descriptor()
+                          ->FindFieldByName("map_int32_int32")
+                          ->message_type();
+    key_descriptor_ = map_descriptor_->FindFieldByName("key");
+    value_descriptor_ = map_descriptor_->FindFieldByName("value");
+
+    // Build map field
+    map_field_.reset(new MapFieldType);
+    map_field_base_ = map_field_.get();
+    map_ = map_field_->MutableMap();
+    initial_value_map_[0] = 100;
+    initial_value_map_[1] = 101;
+    map_->insert(initial_value_map_.begin(), initial_value_map_.end());
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, map_->size());
+  }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<MapFieldType> map_field_;
+  MapFieldBase* map_field_base_;
+  Map<int32, int32>* map_;
+  const Descriptor* map_descriptor_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* key_descriptor_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_descriptor_;
+  std::map<int32, int32> initial_value_map_;  // copy of initial values inserted
+};
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldBasePrimitiveTest, SpaceUsedExcludingSelf) {
+  EXPECT_LT(0, map_field_base_->SpaceUsedExcludingSelf());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldBasePrimitiveTest, GetRepeatedField) {
+  const RepeatedPtrField<Message>& repeated =
+      reinterpret_cast<const RepeatedPtrField<Message>&>(
+          map_field_base_->GetRepeatedField());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, repeated.size());
+  for (int i = 0; i < repeated.size(); i++) {
+    const Message& message = repeated.Get(i);
+    int key = message.GetReflection()->GetInt32(message, key_descriptor_);
+    int value = message.GetReflection()->GetInt32(message, value_descriptor_);
+    EXPECT_EQ(value, initial_value_map_[key]);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldBasePrimitiveTest, MutableRepeatedField) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<Message>* repeated =
+      reinterpret_cast<RepeatedPtrField<Message>*>(
+          map_field_base_->MutableRepeatedField());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, repeated->size());
+  for (int i = 0; i < repeated->size(); i++) {
+    const Message& message = repeated->Get(i);
+    int key = message.GetReflection()->GetInt32(message, key_descriptor_);
+    int value = message.GetReflection()->GetInt32(message, value_descriptor_);
+    EXPECT_EQ(value, initial_value_map_[key]);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldBasePrimitiveTest, Arena) {
+  // Allocate a large initial block to avoid mallocs during hooked test.
+  std::vector<char> arena_block(128 * 1024);
+  ArenaOptions options;
+  options.initial_block = &arena_block[0];
+  options.initial_block_size = arena_block.size();
+  Arena arena(options);
+
+  {
+    // TODO(liujisi): Re-write the test to ensure the memory for the map and
+    // repeated fields are allocated from arenas.
+    // NoHeapChecker no_heap;
+
+    MapFieldType* map_field = Arena::CreateMessage<MapFieldType>(&arena);
+
+    // Set content in map
+    (*map_field->MutableMap())[100] = 101;
+
+    // Trigger conversion to repeated field.
+    map_field->GetRepeatedField();
+  }
+
+  {
+    // TODO(liujisi): Re-write the test to ensure the memory for the map and
+    // repeated fields are allocated from arenas.
+    // NoHeapChecker no_heap;
+
+    MapFieldBaseStub* map_field =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<MapFieldBaseStub>(&arena);
+
+    // Trigger conversion to repeated field.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map_field->MutableRepeatedField() != NULL);
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+enum State { CLEAN, MAP_DIRTY, REPEATED_DIRTY };
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+class MapFieldStateTest : public testing::TestWithParam<State> {
+ public:
+ protected:
+  typedef unittest::TestMap_MapInt32Int32Entry_DoNotUse EntryType;
+  typedef MapField<EntryType, int32, int32, WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32,
+                   WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32, false>
+      MapFieldType;
+  MapFieldStateTest() : state_(GetParam()) {
+    // Build map field
+    map_field_.reset(new MapFieldType());
+    map_field_base_ = map_field_.get();
+
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), MAP_DIRTY, 0, 0, true);
+    switch (state_) {
+      case CLEAN:
+        AddOneStillClean(map_field_.get());
+        break;
+      case MAP_DIRTY:
+        MakeMapDirty(map_field_.get());
+        break;
+      case REPEATED_DIRTY:
+        MakeRepeatedDirty(map_field_.get());
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void AddOneStillClean(MapFieldType* map_field) {
+    MapFieldBase* map_field_base = map_field;
+    Map<int32, int32>* map = map_field->MutableMap();
+    (*map)[0] = 0;
+    map_field_base->GetRepeatedField();
+    Expect(map_field, CLEAN, 1, 1, false);
+  }
+
+  void MakeMapDirty(MapFieldType* map_field) {
+    Map<int32, int32>* map = map_field->MutableMap();
+    (*map)[0] = 0;
+    Expect(map_field, MAP_DIRTY, 1, 0, true);
+  }
+
+  void MakeRepeatedDirty(MapFieldType* map_field) {
+    MakeMapDirty(map_field);
+    MapFieldBase* map_field_base = map_field;
+    map_field_base->MutableRepeatedField();
+    // We use MutableMap on impl_ because we don't want to disturb the syncing
+    Map<int32, int32>* map = map_field->impl_.MutableMap();
+    map->clear();
+
+    Expect(map_field, REPEATED_DIRTY, 0, 1, false);
+  }
+
+  void Expect(MapFieldType* map_field, State state, int map_size,
+              int repeated_size, bool is_repeated_null) {
+    MapFieldBase* map_field_base = map_field;
+    MapFieldBaseStub* stub =
+        reinterpret_cast<MapFieldBaseStub*>(map_field_base);
+
+    // We use MutableMap on impl_ because we don't want to disturb the syncing
+    Map<int32, int32>* map = map_field->impl_.MutableMap();
+    RepeatedPtrField<Message>* repeated_field = stub->InternalRepeatedField();
+
+    switch (state) {
+      case MAP_DIRTY:
+        EXPECT_FALSE(stub->IsMapClean());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(stub->IsRepeatedClean());
+        break;
+      case REPEATED_DIRTY:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(stub->IsMapClean());
+        EXPECT_FALSE(stub->IsRepeatedClean());
+        break;
+      case CLEAN:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(stub->IsMapClean());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(stub->IsRepeatedClean());
+        break;
+      default:
+        FAIL();
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(map_size, map->size());
+    if (is_repeated_null) {
+      EXPECT_TRUE(repeated_field == NULL);
+    } else {
+      if (repeated_field == nullptr) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(repeated_size, 0);
+      } else {
+        EXPECT_EQ(repeated_size, repeated_field->size());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<MapFieldType> map_field_;
+  MapFieldBase* map_field_base_;
+  State state_;
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(MapFieldStateTestInstance, MapFieldStateTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(CLEAN, MAP_DIRTY, REPEATED_DIRTY));
+
+TEST_P(MapFieldStateTest, GetMap) {
+  map_field_->GetMap();
+  if (state_ != MAP_DIRTY) {
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), CLEAN, 1, 1, false);
+  } else {
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), MAP_DIRTY, 1, 0, true);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(MapFieldStateTest, MutableMap) {
+  map_field_->MutableMap();
+  if (state_ != MAP_DIRTY) {
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), MAP_DIRTY, 1, 1, false);
+  } else {
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), MAP_DIRTY, 1, 0, true);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(MapFieldStateTest, MergeFromClean) {
+  MapFieldType other;
+  AddOneStillClean(&other);
+
+  map_field_->MergeFrom(other);
+
+  if (state_ != MAP_DIRTY) {
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), MAP_DIRTY, 1, 1, false);
+  } else {
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), MAP_DIRTY, 1, 0, true);
+  }
+
+  Expect(&other, CLEAN, 1, 1, false);
+}
+
+TEST_P(MapFieldStateTest, MergeFromMapDirty) {
+  MapFieldType other;
+  MakeMapDirty(&other);
+
+  map_field_->MergeFrom(other);
+
+  if (state_ != MAP_DIRTY) {
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), MAP_DIRTY, 1, 1, false);
+  } else {
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), MAP_DIRTY, 1, 0, true);
+  }
+
+  Expect(&other, MAP_DIRTY, 1, 0, true);
+}
+
+TEST_P(MapFieldStateTest, MergeFromRepeatedDirty) {
+  MapFieldType other;
+  MakeRepeatedDirty(&other);
+
+  map_field_->MergeFrom(other);
+
+  if (state_ != MAP_DIRTY) {
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), MAP_DIRTY, 1, 1, false);
+  } else {
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), MAP_DIRTY, 1, 0, true);
+  }
+
+  Expect(&other, CLEAN, 1, 1, false);
+}
+
+TEST_P(MapFieldStateTest, SwapClean) {
+  MapFieldType other;
+  AddOneStillClean(&other);
+
+  map_field_->Swap(&other);
+
+  Expect(map_field_.get(), CLEAN, 1, 1, false);
+
+  switch (state_) {
+    case CLEAN:
+      Expect(&other, CLEAN, 1, 1, false);
+      break;
+    case MAP_DIRTY:
+      Expect(&other, MAP_DIRTY, 1, 0, true);
+      break;
+    case REPEATED_DIRTY:
+      Expect(&other, REPEATED_DIRTY, 0, 1, false);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(MapFieldStateTest, SwapMapDirty) {
+  MapFieldType other;
+  MakeMapDirty(&other);
+
+  map_field_->Swap(&other);
+
+  Expect(map_field_.get(), MAP_DIRTY, 1, 0, true);
+
+  switch (state_) {
+    case CLEAN:
+      Expect(&other, CLEAN, 1, 1, false);
+      break;
+    case MAP_DIRTY:
+      Expect(&other, MAP_DIRTY, 1, 0, true);
+      break;
+    case REPEATED_DIRTY:
+      Expect(&other, REPEATED_DIRTY, 0, 1, false);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(MapFieldStateTest, SwapRepeatedDirty) {
+  MapFieldType other;
+  MakeRepeatedDirty(&other);
+
+  map_field_->Swap(&other);
+
+  Expect(map_field_.get(), REPEATED_DIRTY, 0, 1, false);
+
+  switch (state_) {
+    case CLEAN:
+      Expect(&other, CLEAN, 1, 1, false);
+      break;
+    case MAP_DIRTY:
+      Expect(&other, MAP_DIRTY, 1, 0, true);
+      break;
+    case REPEATED_DIRTY:
+      Expect(&other, REPEATED_DIRTY, 0, 1, false);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(MapFieldStateTest, Clear) {
+  map_field_->Clear();
+
+  Expect(map_field_.get(), MAP_DIRTY, 0, 0, false);
+}
+
+TEST_P(MapFieldStateTest, SpaceUsedExcludingSelf) {
+  map_field_base_->SpaceUsedExcludingSelf();
+
+  switch (state_) {
+    case CLEAN:
+      Expect(map_field_.get(), CLEAN, 1, 1, false);
+      break;
+    case MAP_DIRTY:
+      Expect(map_field_.get(), MAP_DIRTY, 1, 0, true);
+      break;
+    case REPEATED_DIRTY:
+      Expect(map_field_.get(), REPEATED_DIRTY, 0, 1, false);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(MapFieldStateTest, GetMapField) {
+  map_field_base_->GetRepeatedField();
+
+  if (state_ != REPEATED_DIRTY) {
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), CLEAN, 1, 1, false);
+  } else {
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), REPEATED_DIRTY, 0, 1, false);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(MapFieldStateTest, MutableMapField) {
+  map_field_base_->MutableRepeatedField();
+
+  if (state_ != REPEATED_DIRTY) {
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), REPEATED_DIRTY, 1, 1, false);
+  } else {
+    Expect(map_field_.get(), REPEATED_DIRTY, 0, 1, false);
+  }
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b65b4d630
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_test_util_impl.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(unittest::TestMapLite* message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::SetMapFields<unittest::MapEnumLite,
+                                unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE,
+                                unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAZ_LITE>(message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::SetArenaMapFields(unittest::TestArenaMapLite* message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::SetArenaMapFields<unittest::MapEnumLite,
+                                     unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE,
+                                     unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAZ_LITE>(message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFieldsInitialized(unittest::TestMapLite* message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::SetMapFieldsInitialized(message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::ModifyMapFields(unittest::TestMapLite* message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ModifyMapFields<unittest::MapEnumLite,
+                                   unittest::MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE>(message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectClear(const unittest::TestMapLite& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectClear(message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(const unittest::TestMapLite& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsSet<unittest::MapEnumLite,
+                                      unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE,
+                                      unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAZ_LITE>(message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(
+    const unittest::TestArenaMapLite& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet<unittest::MapEnumLite,
+                                           unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE,
+                                           unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAZ_LITE>(
+      message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(
+    const unittest::TestMapLite& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized<unittest::MapEnumLite,
+                                                 unittest::MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE>(
+      message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsModified(
+    const unittest::TestMapLite& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsModified<unittest::MapEnumLite,
+                                           unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE,
+                                           unittest::MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE>(
+      message);
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..573de7b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_LITE_TEST_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_LITE_TEST_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.pb.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class MapLiteTestUtil {
+ public:
+  // Set every field in the TestMapLite message to a unique value.
+  static void SetMapFields(protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite* message);
+
+  // Set every field in the TestArenaMapLite message to a unique value.
+  static void SetArenaMapFields(protobuf_unittest::TestArenaMapLite* message);
+
+  // Set every field in the message to a default value.
+  static void SetMapFieldsInitialized(protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite* message);
+
+  // Modify all the map fields of the message (which should already have been
+  // initialized with SetMapFields()).
+  static void ModifyMapFields(protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite* message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFields() is called.
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsSet(const protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFields() is called for TestArenaMapLite.
+  static void ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(
+      const protobuf_unittest::TestArenaMapLite& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFieldsInitialized() is called.
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(
+      const protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite& message);
+
+  // Expect that the message is modified as would be expected from
+  // ModifyMapFields().
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsModified(
+      const protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields are empty.
+  static void ExpectClear(const protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite& message);
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_LITE_TEST_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0135fff30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_lite.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+message TestMapLite {
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 1;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 2;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 3;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 4;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 5;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 6;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 7;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 10;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 11;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 12;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 13;
+  map<string  , string  > map_string_string     = 14;
+  map<int32   , bytes   > map_int32_bytes       = 15;
+  map<int32   , MapEnumLite> map_int32_enum     = 16;
+  map<int32   , ForeignMessageLite> map_int32_foreign_message = 17;
+  map<int32, int32> teboring = 18;
+}
+
+message TestArenaMapLite {
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 1;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 2;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 3;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 4;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 5;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 6;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 7;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 10;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 11;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 12;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 13;
+  map<string  , string  > map_string_string     = 14;
+  map<int32   , bytes   > map_int32_bytes       = 15;
+  map<int32   , MapEnumLite> map_int32_enum     = 16;
+  map<int32   , ForeignMessageArenaLite> map_int32_foreign_message = 17;
+  map<int32, .protobuf_unittest_no_arena.ForeignMessageLite>
+      map_int32_foreign_message_no_arena = 18;
+}
+
+// Test embedded message with required fields
+message TestRequiredMessageMapLite {
+  map<int32, TestRequiredLite> map_field = 1;
+}
+
+message TestEnumMapLite {
+  map<int32, Proto2MapEnumLite> known_map_field = 101;
+  map<int32, Proto2MapEnumLite> unknown_map_field = 102;
+}
+
+message TestEnumMapPlusExtraLite {
+  map<int32, Proto2MapEnumPlusExtraLite> known_map_field = 101;
+  map<int32, Proto2MapEnumPlusExtraLite> unknown_map_field = 102;
+}
+
+message TestMessageMapLite {
+  map<int32, TestAllTypesLite> map_int32_message = 1;
+}
+
+enum Proto2MapEnumLite {
+  PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE = 0;
+  PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE = 1;
+  PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_BAZ_LITE = 2;
+}
+
+enum Proto2MapEnumPlusExtraLite {
+  E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE   = 0;
+  E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE   = 1;
+  E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_BAZ_LITE   = 2;
+  E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_EXTRA_LITE = 3;
+}
+
+enum MapEnumLite {
+  MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE = 0;
+  MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE = 1;
+  MAP_ENUM_BAZ_LITE = 2;
+}
+
+message TestRequiredLite {
+  required int32 a = 1;
+  required int32 b = 2;
+  required int32 c = 3;
+}
+
+message ForeignMessageArenaLite {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_proto2_unittest.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_proto2_unittest.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20d58f903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_proto2_unittest.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In map_test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+enum Proto2MapEnum {
+  PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO   = 0;
+  PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_BAR   = 1;
+  PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_BAZ   = 2;
+}
+
+enum Proto2MapEnumPlusExtra {
+  E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO   = 0;
+  E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_BAR   = 1;
+  E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_BAZ   = 2;
+  E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_EXTRA = 3;
+}
+
+message TestEnumMap {
+  map<int32, Proto2MapEnum> known_map_field = 101;
+  map<int32, Proto2MapEnum> unknown_map_field = 102;
+}
+
+message TestEnumMapPlusExtra {
+  map<int32, Proto2MapEnumPlusExtra> known_map_field = 101;
+  map<int32, Proto2MapEnumPlusExtra> unknown_map_field = 102;
+}
+
+message TestImportEnumMap {
+  map<int32, protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumForMap> import_enum_amp = 1;
+}
+
+message TestIntIntMap {
+  map<int32, int32> m = 1;
+}
+
+// Test all key types: string, plus the non-floating-point scalars.
+message TestMaps {
+  map<int32, TestIntIntMap> m_int32 = 1;
+  map<int64, TestIntIntMap> m_int64 = 2;
+  map<uint32, TestIntIntMap> m_uint32 = 3;
+  map<uint64, TestIntIntMap> m_uint64 = 4;
+  map<sint32, TestIntIntMap> m_sint32 = 5;
+  map<sint64, TestIntIntMap> m_sint64 = 6;
+  map<fixed32, TestIntIntMap> m_fixed32 = 7;
+  map<fixed64, TestIntIntMap> m_fixed64 = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, TestIntIntMap> m_sfixed32 = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, TestIntIntMap> m_sfixed64 = 10;
+  map<bool, TestIntIntMap> m_bool = 11;
+  map<string, TestIntIntMap> m_string = 12;
+}
+
+// Test maps in submessages.
+message TestSubmessageMaps {
+  optional TestMaps m = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a2d81dbb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,3510 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A hack to include windows.h first, which ensures the GetMessage macro can
+// be undefined when we include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#define _WINSOCKAPI_  // to avoid re-definition in WinSock2.h
+#define NOMINMAX      // to avoid defining min/max macros
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif  // _WIN32
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_proto2_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util2.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/time_util.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+using unittest::ForeignMessage;
+using unittest::TestAllTypes;
+using unittest::TestMap;
+using unittest::TestRecursiveMapMessage;
+
+namespace internal {
+
+void MapTestForceDeterministic() {
+  io::CodedOutputStream::SetDefaultSerializationDeterministic();
+}
+
+// Map API Test =====================================================
+
+class MapImplTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  MapImplTest()
+      : map_ptr_(new Map<int32, int32>()),
+        map_(*map_ptr_),
+        const_map_(*map_ptr_) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map_.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, map_.size());
+  }
+
+  void ExpectSingleElement(int32 key, int32 value) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(map_.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, map_.size());
+    ExpectElement(key, value);
+  }
+
+  void ExpectElements(const std::map<int32, int32>& map) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(map_.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(map.size(), map_.size());
+    for (std::map<int32, int32>::const_iterator it = map.begin();
+         it != map.end(); ++it) {
+      ExpectElement(it->first, it->second);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void ExpectElement(int32 key, int32 value) {
+    // Test map size is correct.
+    EXPECT_EQ(value, map_[key]);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, map_.count(key));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map_.contains(key));
+
+    // Check mutable at and find work correctly.
+    EXPECT_EQ(value, map_.at(key));
+    Map<int32, int32>::iterator it = map_.find(key);
+
+    // iterator dereferenceable
+    EXPECT_EQ(key, (*it).first);
+    EXPECT_EQ(value, (*it).second);
+    EXPECT_EQ(key, it->first);
+    EXPECT_EQ(value, it->second);
+
+    // iterator mutable
+    ((*it).second) = value + 1;
+    EXPECT_EQ(value + 1, map_[key]);
+    ((*it).second) = value;
+    EXPECT_EQ(value, map_[key]);
+
+    it->second = value + 1;
+    EXPECT_EQ(value + 1, map_[key]);
+    it->second = value;
+    EXPECT_EQ(value, map_[key]);
+
+    // copy constructor
+    Map<int32, int32>::iterator it_copy = it;
+    EXPECT_EQ(key, it_copy->first);
+    EXPECT_EQ(value, it_copy->second);
+
+    // Immutable API ================================================
+
+    // Check immutable at and find work correctly.
+    EXPECT_EQ(value, const_map_.at(key));
+    Map<int32, int32>::const_iterator const_it = const_map_.find(key);
+
+    // iterator dereferenceable
+    EXPECT_EQ(key, (*const_it).first);
+    EXPECT_EQ(value, (*const_it).second);
+    EXPECT_EQ(key, const_it->first);
+    EXPECT_EQ(value, const_it->second);
+
+    // copy constructor
+    Map<int32, int32>::const_iterator const_it_copy = const_it;
+    EXPECT_EQ(key, const_it_copy->first);
+    EXPECT_EQ(value, const_it_copy->second);
+  }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Map<int32, int32> > map_ptr_;
+  Map<int32, int32>& map_;
+  const Map<int32, int32>& const_map_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, OperatorBracket) {
+  int32 key = 0;
+  int32 value1 = 100;
+  int32 value2 = 101;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, map_[key]);
+
+  map_[key] = value1;
+  ExpectSingleElement(key, value1);
+
+  map_[key] = value2;
+  ExpectSingleElement(key, value2);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, OperatorBracketNonExist) {
+  int32 key = 0;
+  int32 default_value = 0;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(default_value, map_[key]);
+  ExpectSingleElement(key, default_value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, MutableAt) {
+  int32 key = 0;
+  int32 value1 = 100;
+  int32 value2 = 101;
+
+  map_[key] = value1;
+  ExpectSingleElement(key, value1);
+
+  map_.at(key) = value2;
+  ExpectSingleElement(key, value2);
+}
+
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, MutableAtNonExistDeathTest) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH(map_.at(0), "");
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, ImmutableAtNonExistDeathTest) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH(const_map_.at(0), "");
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, UsageErrors) {
+  MapKey key;
+  key.SetInt64Value(1);
+  EXPECT_DEATH(key.GetUInt64Value(),
+               "Protocol Buffer map usage error:\n"
+               "MapKey::GetUInt64Value type does not match\n"
+               "  Expected : uint64\n"
+               "  Actual   : int64");
+
+  MapValueRef value;
+  EXPECT_DEATH(value.SetFloatValue(0.1),
+               "Protocol Buffer map usage error:\n"
+               "MapValueRef::type MapValueRef is not initialized.");
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, MapKeyAssignment) {
+  MapKey from, to;
+  from.SetStringValue("abc");
+  to = from;
+  EXPECT_EQ("abc", to.GetStringValue());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, CountNonExist) { EXPECT_EQ(0, map_.count(0)); }
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, ContainNotExist) { EXPECT_FALSE(map_.contains(0)); }
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, ImmutableContainNotExist) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(const_map_.contains(0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, MutableFindNonExist) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.end() == map_.find(0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, ImmutableFindNonExist) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(const_map_.end() == const_map_.find(0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, ConstEnd) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(const_map_.end() == const_map_.cend());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, GetReferenceFromIterator) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    map_[i] = i;
+  }
+
+  for (Map<int32, int32>::const_iterator it = map_.cbegin();
+       it != map_.cend();) {
+    Map<int32, int32>::const_reference entry = *it++;
+    EXPECT_EQ(entry.first, entry.second);
+  }
+
+  for (Map<int32, int32>::const_iterator it = const_map_.begin();
+       it != const_map_.end();) {
+    Map<int32, int32>::const_reference entry = *it++;
+    EXPECT_EQ(entry.first, entry.second);
+  }
+
+  for (Map<int32, int32>::iterator it = map_.begin(); it != map_.end();) {
+    Map<int32, int32>::reference entry = *it++;
+    EXPECT_EQ(entry.first + 1, ++entry.second);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, IteratorBasic) {
+  map_[0] = 0;
+
+  // Default constructible (per forward iterator requirements).
+  Map<int, int>::const_iterator cit;
+  Map<int, int>::iterator it;
+
+  it = map_.begin();
+  cit = it;  // Converts to const_iterator
+
+  // Can compare between them.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it == cit);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(cit != it);
+
+  // Pre increment.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it == ++cit);
+
+  // Post increment.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(it++ == cit);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it == cit);
+}
+
+template <typename Iterator>
+static int64 median(Iterator i0, Iterator i1) {
+  std::vector<int64> v(i0, i1);
+  std::nth_element(v.begin(), v.begin() + v.size() / 2, v.end());
+  return v[v.size() / 2];
+}
+
+static int64 Now() {
+  return util::TimeUtil::TimestampToNanoseconds(
+      util::TimeUtil::GetCurrentTime());
+}
+
+// Arbitrary odd integers for creating test data.
+static int k0 = 812398771;
+static int k1 = 1312938717;
+static int k2 = 1321555333;
+
+// A naive begin() implementation will cause begin() to get slower and slower
+// if one erases elements at the "front" of the hash map, and we'd like to
+// avoid that, as std::unordered_map does.
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, BeginIsFast) {
+  if (true) return;  // TODO(gpike): make this less flaky and re-enable it.
+  Map<int32, int32> map;
+  const int kTestSize = 250000;
+  // Create a random-looking map of size n.  Use non-negative integer keys.
+  uint32 frog = 123983;
+  int last_key = 0;
+  int counter = 0;
+  while (map.size() < kTestSize) {
+    frog *= static_cast<uint32>(k0);
+    frog ^= frog >> 17;
+    frog += counter++;
+    last_key =
+        static_cast<int>(frog) >= 0 ? static_cast<int>(frog) : last_key ^ 1;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(last_key, 0);
+    map[last_key] = last_key ^ 1;
+  }
+  std::vector<int64> times;
+  // We're going to do map.erase(map.begin()) over and over again.  But,
+  // just in case one iteration is fast compared to the granularity of
+  // our time keeping, we measure kChunkSize iterations per outer-loop iter.
+  const int kChunkSize = 1000;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(kTestSize % kChunkSize, 0);
+  do {
+    const int64 start = Now();
+    for (int i = 0; i < kChunkSize; i++) {
+      map.erase(map.begin());
+    }
+    const int64 end = Now();
+    if (end > start) {
+      times.push_back(end - start);
+    }
+  } while (!map.empty());
+  if (times.size() < .99 * kTestSize / kChunkSize) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Now() isn't helping us measure time";
+    return;
+  }
+  int64 x0 = median(times.begin(), times.begin() + 9);
+  int64 x1 = median(times.begin() + times.size() - 9, times.end());
+  GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "x0=" << x0 << ", x1=" << x1;
+  // x1 will greatly exceed x0 if the code we just executed took O(n^2) time.
+  // And we'll probably time out and never get here.  So, this test is
+  // intentionally loose: we check that x0 and x1 are within a factor of 8.
+  EXPECT_GE(x1, x0 / 8);
+  EXPECT_GE(x0, x1 / 8);
+}
+
+// Try to create kTestSize keys that will land in just a few buckets, and
+// time the insertions, to get a rough estimate of whether an O(n^2) worst case
+// was triggered.  This test is a hacky, but probably better than nothing.
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, HashFlood) {
+  const int kTestSize = 1024;  // must be a power of 2
+  std::set<int> s;
+  for (int i = 0; s.size() < kTestSize; i++) {
+    if ((map_.hash_function()(i) & (kTestSize - 1)) < 3) {
+      s.insert(i);
+    }
+  }
+  // Create hash table with kTestSize entries that hash flood a table with
+  // 1024 (or 512 or 2048 or ...) entries.  This assumes that map_ uses powers
+  // of 2 for table sizes, and that it's sufficient to "flood" with respect to
+  // the low bits of the output of map_.hash_function().
+  std::vector<int64> times;
+  std::set<int>::iterator it = s.begin();
+  int count = 0;
+  do {
+    const int64 start = Now();
+    map_[*it] = 0;
+    const int64 end = Now();
+    if (end > start) {
+      times.push_back(end - start);
+    }
+    ++count;
+    ++it;
+  } while (it != s.end());
+  if (times.size() < .99 * count) return;
+  int64 x0 = median(times.begin(), times.begin() + 9);
+  int64 x1 = median(times.begin() + times.size() - 9, times.end());
+  // x1 will greatly exceed x0 if the code we just executed took O(n^2) time.
+  // But we want to allow O(n log n).  A factor of 20 should be generous enough.
+  EXPECT_LE(x1, x0 * 20);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, CopyIteratorStressTest) {
+  std::vector<Map<int32, int32>::iterator> v;
+  const int kIters = 1e5;
+  for (uint32 i = 0; i < kIters; i++) {
+    int32 key = (3 + i * (5 + i * (-8 + i * (62 + i)))) & 0x77777777;
+    map_[key] = i;
+    v.push_back(map_.find(key));
+  }
+  for (std::vector<Map<int32, int32>::iterator>::const_iterator it = v.begin();
+       it != v.end(); it++) {
+    Map<int32, int32>::iterator i = *it;
+    ASSERT_EQ(i->first, (*it)->first);
+    ASSERT_EQ(i->second, (*it)->second);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+static void TestValidityForAllKeysExcept(int key_to_avoid, const T& check_map,
+                                         const U& map) {
+  typedef typename U::value_type value_type;  // a key-value pair
+  for (typename U::const_iterator it = map.begin(); it != map.end(); ++it) {
+    const int key = it->first;
+    if (key == key_to_avoid) continue;
+    // All iterators relevant to this key, whether old (from check_map) or new,
+    // must point to the same memory.  So, test pointer equality here.
+    const value_type* check_val = &*check_map.find(key)->second;
+    EXPECT_EQ(check_val, &*it);
+    EXPECT_EQ(check_val, &*map.find(key));
+  }
+}
+
+// EXPECT i0 and i1 to be the same.  Advancing them should have the same effect,
+// too.
+template <typename Iter>
+static void TestEqualIterators(Iter i0, Iter i1, Iter end) {
+  const int kMaxAdvance = 10;
+  for (int i = 0; i < kMaxAdvance; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(i0 == end, i1 == end);
+    if (i0 == end) return;
+    EXPECT_EQ(&*i0, &*i1) << "iter " << i;
+    ++i0;
+    ++i1;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename IteratorType>
+static void TestOldVersusNewIterator(int skip, Map<int, int>* m) {
+  const int initial_size = m->size();
+  IteratorType it = m->begin();
+  for (int i = 0; i < skip && it != m->end(); it++, i++) {
+  }
+  if (it == m->end()) return;
+  const IteratorType old = it;
+  GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "skip=" << skip << ", old->first=" << old->first;
+  const int target_size =
+      initial_size < 100 ? initial_size * 5 : initial_size * 5 / 4;
+  for (int i = 0; m->size() <= target_size; i++) {
+    (*m)[i] = 0;
+  }
+  // Iterator 'old' should still work just fine despite the growth of *m.
+  const IteratorType after_growth = m->find(old->first);
+  TestEqualIterators<IteratorType>(old, after_growth, m->end());
+
+  // Now shrink the number of elements.  Do this with a mix of erases and
+  // inserts to increase the chance that the hashtable will resize to a lower
+  // number of buckets.  (But, in any case, the test is still useful.)
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2 * (target_size - initial_size); i++) {
+    if (i != old->first) {
+      m->erase(i);
+    }
+    if (((i ^ m->begin()->first) & 15) == 0) {
+      (*m)[i * 342] = i;
+    }
+  }
+  // Now, the table has grown and shrunk; test again.
+  TestEqualIterators<IteratorType>(old, m->find(old->first), m->end());
+  TestEqualIterators<IteratorType>(old, after_growth, m->end());
+}
+
+// Create and test an n-element Map, with emphasis on iterator correctness.
+static void StressTestIterators(int n) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "StressTestIterators " << n;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GT(n, 0);
+  // Create a random-looking map of size n.  Use non-negative integer keys.
+  Map<int, int> m;
+  uint32 frog = 123987 + n;
+  int last_key = 0;
+  int counter = 0;
+  while (m.size() < n) {
+    frog *= static_cast<uint32>(k0);
+    frog ^= frog >> 17;
+    frog += counter++;
+    last_key =
+        static_cast<int>(frog) >= 0 ? static_cast<int>(frog) : last_key ^ 1;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(last_key, 0);
+    m[last_key] = last_key ^ 1;
+  }
+  // Test it.
+  ASSERT_EQ(n, m.size());
+  // Create maps of pointers and iterators.
+  // These should remain valid even if we modify m.
+  std::unordered_map<int, Map<int, int>::value_type*> mp(n);
+  std::unordered_map<int, Map<int, int>::iterator> mi(n);
+  for (Map<int, int>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it) {
+    mp[it->first] = &*it;
+    mi[it->first] = it;
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(m.size(), mi.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(m.size(), mp.size());
+  m.erase(last_key);
+  ASSERT_EQ(n - 1, m.size());
+  TestValidityForAllKeysExcept(last_key, mp, m);
+  TestValidityForAllKeysExcept(last_key, mi, m);
+
+  m[last_key] = 0;
+  ASSERT_EQ(n, m.size());
+  // Test old iterator vs new iterator, with table modification in between.
+  TestOldVersusNewIterator<Map<int, int>::const_iterator>(n % 3, &m);
+  TestOldVersusNewIterator<Map<int, int>::iterator>(n % (1 + (n / 40)), &m);
+  // Finally, ensure erase(iterator) doesn't reorder anything, because that is
+  // what its documentation says.
+  m[last_key] = m[last_key ^ 999] = 0;
+  std::vector<Map<int, int>::iterator> v;
+  v.reserve(m.size());
+  int position_of_last_key = 0;
+  for (Map<int, int>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it) {
+    if (it->first == last_key) {
+      position_of_last_key = v.size();
+    }
+    v.push_back(it);
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(m.size(), v.size());
+  const Map<int, int>::iterator erase_result = m.erase(m.find(last_key));
+  int index = 0;
+  for (Map<int, int>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it, ++index) {
+    if (index == position_of_last_key) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(&*erase_result, &*v[++index]);
+    }
+    ASSERT_EQ(&*it, &*v[index]);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, IteratorInvalidation) {
+  // Create a set of pseudo-random sizes to test.
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  const int kMaxSizeToTest = 100 * 1000;
+#else
+  const int kMaxSizeToTest = 1000 * 1000;
+#endif
+  std::set<int> s;
+  int n = kMaxSizeToTest;
+  unsigned int frog = k1 + n;
+  while (n > 1 && s.size() < 25) {
+    s.insert(n);
+    n = static_cast<int>(n * 100 / (101.0 + (frog & 63)));
+    frog *= k2;
+    frog ^= frog >> 17;
+  }
+  // Ensure we test a few small sizes.
+  s.insert(1);
+  s.insert(2);
+  s.insert(3);
+  // Now, the real work.
+  for (std::set<int>::iterator i = s.begin(); i != s.end(); ++i) {
+    StressTestIterators(*i);
+  }
+}
+
+// Test that erase() revalidates iterators.
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, EraseRevalidates) {
+  map_[3] = map_[13] = map_[20] = 0;
+  const int initial_size = map_.size();
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, initial_size);
+  std::vector<Map<int, int>::iterator> v;
+  for (Map<int, int>::iterator it = map_.begin(); it != map_.end(); ++it) {
+    v.push_back(it);
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(initial_size, v.size());
+  for (int i = 0; map_.size() <= initial_size * 20; i++) {
+    map_[i] = 0;
+  }
+  const int larger_size = map_.size();
+  // We've greatly increased the size of the map, so it is highly likely that
+  // the following will corrupt m if erase() doesn't properly revalidate
+  // iterators passed to it.  Finishing this routine without crashing indicates
+  // success.
+  for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
+    map_.erase(v[i]);
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(larger_size - v.size(), map_.size());
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+bool IsConstHelper(T& /*t*/) {  // NOLINT. We want to catch non-const refs here.
+  return false;
+}
+template <typename T>
+bool IsConstHelper(const T& /*t*/) {
+  return true;
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, IteratorConstness) {
+  map_[0] = 0;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsConstHelper(*map_.cbegin()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsConstHelper(*const_map_.begin()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsConstHelper(*map_.begin()));
+}
+
+bool IsForwardIteratorHelper(std::forward_iterator_tag /*tag*/) { return true; }
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, IteratorCategory) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsForwardIteratorHelper(
+      std::iterator_traits<Map<int, int>::iterator>::iterator_category()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsForwardIteratorHelper(
+      std::iterator_traits<
+          Map<int, int>::const_iterator>::iterator_category()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, InsertSingle) {
+  int32 key = 0;
+  int32 value1 = 100;
+  int32 value2 = 101;
+
+  // Insert a non-existed key.
+  std::pair<Map<int32, int32>::iterator, bool> result1 =
+      map_.insert(Map<int32, int32>::value_type(key, value1));
+  ExpectSingleElement(key, value1);
+
+  Map<int32, int32>::iterator it1 = result1.first;
+  EXPECT_EQ(key, it1->first);
+  EXPECT_EQ(value1, it1->second);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(result1.second);
+
+  // Insert an existed key.
+  std::pair<Map<int32, int32>::iterator, bool> result2 =
+      map_.insert(Map<int32, int32>::value_type(key, value2));
+  ExpectSingleElement(key, value1);
+
+  Map<int32, int32>::iterator it2 = result2.first;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it1 == it2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result2.second);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, InsertByIterator) {
+  int32 key1 = 0;
+  int32 key2 = 1;
+  int32 value1a = 100;
+  int32 value1b = 101;
+  int32 value2a = 200;
+  int32 value2b = 201;
+
+  std::map<int32, int32> map1;
+  map1[key1] = value1a;
+  map1[key2] = value2a;
+
+  map_.insert(map1.begin(), map1.end());
+  ExpectElements(map1);
+
+  std::map<int32, int32> map2;
+  map2[key1] = value1b;
+  map2[key2] = value2b;
+
+  map_.insert(map2.begin(), map2.end());
+  ExpectElements(map1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, InsertByInitializerList) {
+  map_.insert({{1, 100}, {2, 200}});
+  ExpectElements({{1, 100}, {2, 200}});
+
+  map_.insert({{2, 201}, {3, 301}});
+  ExpectElements({{1, 100}, {2, 200}, {3, 301}});
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, EraseSingleByKey) {
+  int32 key = 0;
+  int32 value = 100;
+
+  map_[key] = value;
+  ExpectSingleElement(key, value);
+
+  // Erase an existing key.
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, map_.erase(key));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, map_.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.end() == map_.find(key));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.begin() == map_.end());
+
+  // Erase a non-existing key.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, map_.erase(key));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, EraseMutipleByKey) {
+  // erase in one specific order to trigger corner cases
+  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    map_[i] = i;
+  }
+
+  map_.erase(0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, map_.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.end() == map_.find(0));
+
+  map_.erase(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, map_.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.end() == map_.find(1));
+
+  map_.erase(3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, map_.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.end() == map_.find(3));
+
+  map_.erase(4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, map_.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.end() == map_.find(4));
+
+  map_.erase(2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, map_.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.end() == map_.find(2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, EraseSingleByIterator) {
+  int32 key = 0;
+  int32 value = 100;
+
+  map_[key] = value;
+  ExpectSingleElement(key, value);
+
+  Map<int32, int32>::iterator it = map_.find(key);
+  map_.erase(it);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, map_.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.end() == map_.find(key));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.begin() == map_.end());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, ValidIteratorAfterErase) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    map_[i] = i;
+  }
+
+  int count = 0;
+
+  for (Map<int32, int32>::iterator it = map_.begin(); it != map_.end();) {
+    count++;
+    if (it->first % 2 == 1) {
+      map_.erase(it++);
+    } else {
+      ++it;
+    }
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, count);
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, map_.size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, EraseByIterator) {
+  int32 key1 = 0;
+  int32 key2 = 1;
+  int32 value1 = 100;
+  int32 value2 = 101;
+
+  std::map<int32, int32> map;
+  map[key1] = value1;
+  map[key2] = value2;
+
+  map_.insert(map.begin(), map.end());
+  ExpectElements(map);
+
+  map_.erase(map_.begin(), map_.end());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, map_.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.end() == map_.find(key1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.end() == map_.find(key2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.begin() == map_.end());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, Clear) {
+  int32 key = 0;
+  int32 value = 100;
+
+  map_[key] = value;
+  ExpectSingleElement(key, value);
+
+  map_.clear();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, map_.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.end() == map_.find(key));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.begin() == map_.end());
+}
+
+static void CopyConstructorHelper(Arena* arena, Map<int32, int32>* m) {
+  int32 key1 = 0;
+  int32 key2 = 1;
+  int32 value1 = 100;
+  int32 value2 = 101;
+
+  std::map<int32, int32> map;
+  map[key1] = value1;
+  map[key2] = value2;
+
+  m->insert(map.begin(), map.end());
+
+  Map<int32, int32> other(*m);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, other.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(value1, other.at(key1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(value2, other.at(key2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, CopyConstructorWithArena) {
+  Arena a;
+  CopyConstructorHelper(&a, &map_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, CopyConstructorWithoutArena) {
+  CopyConstructorHelper(NULL, &map_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, IterConstructor) {
+  int32 key1 = 0;
+  int32 key2 = 1;
+  int32 value1 = 100;
+  int32 value2 = 101;
+
+  std::map<int32, int32> map;
+  map[key1] = value1;
+  map[key2] = value2;
+
+  Map<int32, int32> new_map(map.begin(), map.end());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, new_map.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(value1, new_map.at(key1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(value2, new_map.at(key2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, Assigner) {
+  int32 key1 = 0;
+  int32 key2 = 1;
+  int32 value1 = 100;
+  int32 value2 = 101;
+
+  std::map<int32, int32> map;
+  map[key1] = value1;
+  map[key2] = value2;
+
+  map_.insert(map.begin(), map.end());
+
+  Map<int32, int32> other;
+  int32 key_other = 123;
+  int32 value_other = 321;
+  other[key_other] = value_other;
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, other.size());
+
+  other = map_;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, other.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(value1, other.at(key1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(value2, other.at(key2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(other.find(key_other) == other.end());
+
+  // Self assign
+  other = *&other;  // Avoid -Wself-assign.
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, other.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(value1, other.at(key1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(value2, other.at(key2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, Rehash) {
+  const int test_size = 50;
+  std::map<int32, int32> reference_map;
+  for (int i = 0; i < test_size; i++) {
+    reference_map[i] = i;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < test_size; i++) {
+    map_[i] = reference_map[i];
+    EXPECT_EQ(reference_map[i], map_[i]);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < test_size; i++) {
+    map_.erase(i);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map_.end() == map_.find(i));
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, EqualRange) {
+  int key = 100, key_missing = 101;
+  map_[key] = 100;
+
+  std::pair<Map<int32, int32>::iterator, Map<int32, int32>::iterator> range =
+      map_.equal_range(key);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.find(key) == range.first);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(++map_.find(key) == range.second);
+
+  range = map_.equal_range(key_missing);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.end() == range.first);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_.end() == range.second);
+
+  std::pair<Map<int32, int32>::const_iterator,
+            Map<int32, int32>::const_iterator>
+      const_range = const_map_.equal_range(key);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(const_map_.find(key) == const_range.first);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(++const_map_.find(key) == const_range.second);
+
+  const_range = const_map_.equal_range(key_missing);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(const_map_.end() == const_range.first);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(const_map_.end() == const_range.second);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, ConvertToStdMap) {
+  map_[100] = 101;
+  std::map<int32, int32> std_map(map_.begin(), map_.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, std_map.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(101, std_map[100]);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, ConvertToStdVectorOfPairs) {
+  map_[100] = 101;
+  std::vector<std::pair<int32, int32> > std_vec(map_.begin(), map_.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, std_vec.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, std_vec[0].first);
+  EXPECT_EQ(101, std_vec[0].second);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, SwapBasic) {
+  Map<int32, int32> another;
+  map_[9398] = 41999;
+  another[9398] = 41999;
+  another[8070] = 42056;
+  another.swap(map_);
+  EXPECT_THAT(another,
+              testing::UnorderedElementsAre(testing::Pair(9398, 41999)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(map_, testing::UnorderedElementsAre(testing::Pair(8070, 42056),
+                                                  testing::Pair(9398, 41999)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, SwapArena) {
+  Arena arena1, arena2;
+  Map<int32, int32> m1(&arena1);
+  Map<int32, int32> m2(&arena2);
+  map_[9398] = 41999;
+  m1[9398] = 41999;
+  m1[8070] = 42056;
+  m2[10244] = 10247;
+  m2[8070] = 42056;
+  m1.swap(map_);
+  EXPECT_THAT(m1, testing::UnorderedElementsAre(testing::Pair(9398, 41999)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(map_, testing::UnorderedElementsAre(testing::Pair(8070, 42056),
+                                                  testing::Pair(9398, 41999)));
+  m2.swap(m1);
+  EXPECT_THAT(m1, testing::UnorderedElementsAre(testing::Pair(8070, 42056),
+                                                testing::Pair(10244, 10247)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(m2, testing::UnorderedElementsAre(testing::Pair(9398, 41999)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, CopyAssignMapIterator) {
+  TestMap message;
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaMapReflection(&message);
+  MapIterator it1 = reflection_tester.MapBegin(&message, "map_int32_int32");
+  MapIterator it2 = reflection_tester.MapEnd(&message, "map_int32_int32");
+  it2 = it1;
+  EXPECT_EQ(it1.GetKey().GetInt32Value(), it2.GetKey().GetInt32Value());
+}
+
+// Map Field Reflection Test ========================================
+
+static int Func(int i, int j) { return i * j; }
+
+static std::string StrFunc(int i, int j) {
+  std::string str;
+  SStringPrintf(&str, "%d", Func(i, j));
+  return str;
+}
+
+static int Int(const std::string& value) {
+  int result = 0;
+  std::istringstream(value) >> result;
+  return result;
+}
+
+class MapFieldReflectionTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  typedef FieldDescriptor FD;
+
+  int MapSize(const Reflection* reflection, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+              const Message& message) {
+    return reflection->MapSize(message, field);
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldReflectionTest, RegularFields) {
+  TestMap message;
+  const Reflection* refl = message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* desc = message.GetDescriptor();
+
+  Map<int32, int32>* map_int32_int32 = message.mutable_map_int32_int32();
+  Map<int32, double>* map_int32_double = message.mutable_map_int32_double();
+  Map<std::string, std::string>* map_string_string =
+      message.mutable_map_string_string();
+  Map<int32, ForeignMessage>* map_int32_foreign_message =
+      message.mutable_map_int32_foreign_message();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    (*map_int32_int32)[i] = Func(i, 1);
+    (*map_int32_double)[i] = Func(i, 2);
+    (*map_string_string)[StrFunc(i, 1)] = StrFunc(i, 5);
+    (*map_int32_foreign_message)[i].set_c(Func(i, 6));
+  }
+
+  // Get FieldDescriptors for all the fields of interest.
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_int32 =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("map_int32_int32");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_double =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("map_int32_double");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_string_string =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("map_string_string");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_foreign_message =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("map_int32_foreign_message");
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_in32_key =
+      fd_map_int32_int32->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_in32_value =
+      fd_map_int32_int32->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_double_key =
+      fd_map_int32_double->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_double_value =
+      fd_map_int32_double->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_string_string_key =
+      fd_map_string_string->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_string_string_value =
+      fd_map_string_string->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_foreign_message_key =
+      fd_map_int32_foreign_message->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_foreign_message_value =
+      fd_map_int32_foreign_message->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+
+  // Get RepeatedPtrField objects for all fields of interest.
+  const RepeatedPtrField<Message>& mf_int32_int32 =
+      refl->GetRepeatedPtrField<Message>(message, fd_map_int32_int32);
+  const RepeatedPtrField<Message>& mf_int32_double =
+      refl->GetRepeatedPtrField<Message>(message, fd_map_int32_double);
+  const RepeatedPtrField<Message>& mf_string_string =
+      refl->GetRepeatedPtrField<Message>(message, fd_map_string_string);
+  const RepeatedPtrField<Message>& mf_int32_foreign_message =
+      refl->GetRepeatedPtrField<Message>(message, fd_map_int32_foreign_message);
+
+  // Get mutable RepeatedPtrField objects for all fields of interest.
+  RepeatedPtrField<Message>* mmf_int32_int32 =
+      refl->MutableRepeatedPtrField<Message>(&message, fd_map_int32_int32);
+  RepeatedPtrField<Message>* mmf_int32_double =
+      refl->MutableRepeatedPtrField<Message>(&message, fd_map_int32_double);
+  RepeatedPtrField<Message>* mmf_string_string =
+      refl->MutableRepeatedPtrField<Message>(&message, fd_map_string_string);
+  RepeatedPtrField<Message>* mmf_int32_foreign_message =
+      refl->MutableRepeatedPtrField<Message>(&message,
+                                             fd_map_int32_foreign_message);
+
+  // Make sure we can do gets through the RepeatedPtrField objects.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    {
+      // Check gets through const objects.
+      const Message& message_int32_int32 = mf_int32_int32.Get(i);
+      int32 key_int32_int32 = message_int32_int32.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_int32, fd_map_int32_in32_key);
+      int32 value_int32_int32 = message_int32_int32.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_int32, fd_map_int32_in32_value);
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_int32_int32, Func(key_int32_int32, 1));
+
+      const Message& message_int32_double = mf_int32_double.Get(i);
+      int32 key_int32_double = message_int32_double.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_double, fd_map_int32_double_key);
+      double value_int32_double =
+          message_int32_double.GetReflection()->GetDouble(
+              message_int32_double, fd_map_int32_double_value);
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_int32_double, Func(key_int32_double, 2));
+
+      const Message& message_string_string = mf_string_string.Get(i);
+      std::string key_string_string =
+          message_string_string.GetReflection()->GetString(
+              message_string_string, fd_map_string_string_key);
+      std::string value_string_string =
+          message_string_string.GetReflection()->GetString(
+              message_string_string, fd_map_string_string_value);
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_string_string, StrFunc(Int(key_string_string), 5));
+
+      const Message& message_int32_message = mf_int32_foreign_message.Get(i);
+      int32 key_int32_message = message_int32_message.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_message, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_key);
+      const ForeignMessage& value_int32_message =
+          down_cast<const ForeignMessage&>(
+              message_int32_message.GetReflection()->GetMessage(
+                  message_int32_message, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_value));
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_int32_message.c(), Func(key_int32_message, 6));
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Check gets through mutable objects.
+      const Message& message_int32_int32 = mmf_int32_int32->Get(i);
+      int32 key_int32_int32 = message_int32_int32.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_int32, fd_map_int32_in32_key);
+      int32 value_int32_int32 = message_int32_int32.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_int32, fd_map_int32_in32_value);
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_int32_int32, Func(key_int32_int32, 1));
+
+      const Message& message_int32_double = mmf_int32_double->Get(i);
+      int32 key_int32_double = message_int32_double.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_double, fd_map_int32_double_key);
+      double value_int32_double =
+          message_int32_double.GetReflection()->GetDouble(
+              message_int32_double, fd_map_int32_double_value);
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_int32_double, Func(key_int32_double, 2));
+
+      const Message& message_string_string = mmf_string_string->Get(i);
+      std::string key_string_string =
+          message_string_string.GetReflection()->GetString(
+              message_string_string, fd_map_string_string_key);
+      std::string value_string_string =
+          message_string_string.GetReflection()->GetString(
+              message_string_string, fd_map_string_string_value);
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_string_string, StrFunc(Int(key_string_string), 5));
+
+      const Message& message_int32_message = mmf_int32_foreign_message->Get(i);
+      int32 key_int32_message = message_int32_message.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_message, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_key);
+      const ForeignMessage& value_int32_message =
+          down_cast<const ForeignMessage&>(
+              message_int32_message.GetReflection()->GetMessage(
+                  message_int32_message, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_value));
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_int32_message.c(), Func(key_int32_message, 6));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Do sets through the RepeatedPtrField objects.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    {
+      Message* message_int32_int32 = mmf_int32_int32->Mutable(i);
+      int32 key_int32_int32 = message_int32_int32->GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          *message_int32_int32, fd_map_int32_in32_key);
+      message_int32_int32->GetReflection()->SetInt32(message_int32_int32,
+                                                     fd_map_int32_in32_value,
+                                                     Func(key_int32_int32, -1));
+
+      Message* message_int32_double = mmf_int32_double->Mutable(i);
+      int32 key_int32_double = message_int32_double->GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          *message_int32_double, fd_map_int32_double_key);
+      message_int32_double->GetReflection()->SetDouble(
+          message_int32_double, fd_map_int32_double_value,
+          Func(key_int32_double, -2));
+
+      Message* message_string_string = mmf_string_string->Mutable(i);
+      std::string key_string_string =
+          message_string_string->GetReflection()->GetString(
+              *message_string_string, fd_map_string_string_key);
+      message_string_string->GetReflection()->SetString(
+          message_string_string, fd_map_string_string_value,
+          StrFunc(Int(key_string_string), -5));
+
+      Message* message_int32_message = mmf_int32_foreign_message->Mutable(i);
+      int32 key_int32_message =
+          message_int32_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+              *message_int32_message, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_key);
+      ForeignMessage* value_int32_message = down_cast<ForeignMessage*>(
+          message_int32_message->GetReflection()->MutableMessage(
+              message_int32_message, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_value));
+      value_int32_message->set_c(Func(key_int32_message, -6));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check gets through mutable objects.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, -1), message.map_int32_int32().at(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, -2), message.map_int32_double().at(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(StrFunc(i, -5), message.map_string_string().at(StrFunc(i, 1)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, -6), message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(i).c());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldReflectionTest, RepeatedFieldRefForRegularFields) {
+  TestMap message;
+  const Reflection* refl = message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* desc = message.GetDescriptor();
+
+  Map<int32, int32>* map_int32_int32 = message.mutable_map_int32_int32();
+  Map<int32, double>* map_int32_double = message.mutable_map_int32_double();
+  Map<std::string, std::string>* map_string_string =
+      message.mutable_map_string_string();
+  Map<int32, ForeignMessage>* map_int32_foreign_message =
+      message.mutable_map_int32_foreign_message();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    (*map_int32_int32)[i] = Func(i, 1);
+    (*map_int32_double)[i] = Func(i, 2);
+    (*map_string_string)[StrFunc(i, 1)] = StrFunc(i, 5);
+    (*map_int32_foreign_message)[i].set_c(Func(i, 6));
+  }
+
+  // Get FieldDescriptors for all the fields of interest.
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_int32 =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("map_int32_int32");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_double =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("map_int32_double");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_string_string =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("map_string_string");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_foreign_message =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("map_int32_foreign_message");
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_in32_key =
+      fd_map_int32_int32->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_in32_value =
+      fd_map_int32_int32->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_double_key =
+      fd_map_int32_double->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_double_value =
+      fd_map_int32_double->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_string_string_key =
+      fd_map_string_string->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_string_string_value =
+      fd_map_string_string->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_foreign_message_key =
+      fd_map_int32_foreign_message->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_foreign_message_value =
+      fd_map_int32_foreign_message->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+
+  // Get RepeatedFieldRef objects for all fields of interest.
+  const RepeatedFieldRef<Message> mf_int32_int32 =
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(message, fd_map_int32_int32);
+  const RepeatedFieldRef<Message> mf_int32_double =
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(message, fd_map_int32_double);
+  const RepeatedFieldRef<Message> mf_string_string =
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(message, fd_map_string_string);
+  const RepeatedFieldRef<Message> mf_int32_foreign_message =
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(message, fd_map_int32_foreign_message);
+
+  // Get mutable RepeatedFieldRef objects for all fields of interest.
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message> mmf_int32_int32 =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(&message, fd_map_int32_int32);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message> mmf_int32_double =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(&message, fd_map_int32_double);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message> mmf_string_string =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(&message, fd_map_string_string);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message> mmf_int32_foreign_message =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(&message,
+                                                fd_map_int32_foreign_message);
+
+  // Get entry default instances
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> entry_int32_int32(
+      MessageFactory::generated_factory()
+          ->GetPrototype(fd_map_int32_int32->message_type())
+          ->New());
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> entry_int32_double(
+      MessageFactory::generated_factory()
+          ->GetPrototype(fd_map_int32_double->message_type())
+          ->New());
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> entry_string_string(
+      MessageFactory::generated_factory()
+          ->GetPrototype(fd_map_string_string->message_type())
+          ->New());
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> entry_int32_foreign_message(
+      MessageFactory::generated_factory()
+          ->GetPrototype(fd_map_int32_foreign_message->message_type())
+          ->New());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, mf_int32_int32.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, mmf_int32_int32.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, mf_int32_double.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, mmf_int32_double.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, mf_string_string.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, mmf_string_string.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, mf_int32_foreign_message.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, mmf_int32_foreign_message.size());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mf_int32_int32.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mmf_int32_int32.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mf_int32_double.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mmf_int32_double.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mf_string_string.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mmf_string_string.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mf_int32_foreign_message.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mmf_int32_foreign_message.empty());
+
+  // Make sure we can do gets through the RepeatedFieldRef objects.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    {
+      // Check gets through const objects.
+      const Message& message_int32_int32 =
+          mf_int32_int32.Get(i, entry_int32_int32.get());
+      int32 key_int32_int32 = message_int32_int32.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_int32, fd_map_int32_in32_key);
+      int32 value_int32_int32 = message_int32_int32.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_int32, fd_map_int32_in32_value);
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_int32_int32, Func(key_int32_int32, 1));
+
+      const Message& message_int32_double =
+          mf_int32_double.Get(i, entry_int32_double.get());
+      int32 key_int32_double = message_int32_double.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_double, fd_map_int32_double_key);
+      double value_int32_double =
+          message_int32_double.GetReflection()->GetDouble(
+              message_int32_double, fd_map_int32_double_value);
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_int32_double, Func(key_int32_double, 2));
+
+      const Message& message_string_string =
+          mf_string_string.Get(i, entry_string_string.get());
+      std::string key_string_string =
+          message_string_string.GetReflection()->GetString(
+              message_string_string, fd_map_string_string_key);
+      std::string value_string_string =
+          message_string_string.GetReflection()->GetString(
+              message_string_string, fd_map_string_string_value);
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_string_string, StrFunc(Int(key_string_string), 5));
+
+      const Message& message_int32_message =
+          mf_int32_foreign_message.Get(i, entry_int32_foreign_message.get());
+      int32 key_int32_message = message_int32_message.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_message, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_key);
+      const ForeignMessage& value_int32_message =
+          down_cast<const ForeignMessage&>(
+              message_int32_message.GetReflection()->GetMessage(
+                  message_int32_message, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_value));
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_int32_message.c(), Func(key_int32_message, 6));
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Check gets through mutable objects.
+      const Message& message_int32_int32 =
+          mmf_int32_int32.Get(i, entry_int32_int32.get());
+      int32 key_int32_int32 = message_int32_int32.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_int32, fd_map_int32_in32_key);
+      int32 value_int32_int32 = message_int32_int32.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_int32, fd_map_int32_in32_value);
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_int32_int32, Func(key_int32_int32, 1));
+
+      const Message& message_int32_double =
+          mmf_int32_double.Get(i, entry_int32_double.get());
+      int32 key_int32_double = message_int32_double.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_double, fd_map_int32_double_key);
+      double value_int32_double =
+          message_int32_double.GetReflection()->GetDouble(
+              message_int32_double, fd_map_int32_double_value);
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_int32_double, Func(key_int32_double, 2));
+
+      const Message& message_string_string =
+          mmf_string_string.Get(i, entry_string_string.get());
+      std::string key_string_string =
+          message_string_string.GetReflection()->GetString(
+              message_string_string, fd_map_string_string_key);
+      std::string value_string_string =
+          message_string_string.GetReflection()->GetString(
+              message_string_string, fd_map_string_string_value);
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_string_string, StrFunc(Int(key_string_string), 5));
+
+      const Message& message_int32_message =
+          mmf_int32_foreign_message.Get(i, entry_int32_foreign_message.get());
+      int32 key_int32_message = message_int32_message.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message_int32_message, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_key);
+      const ForeignMessage& value_int32_message =
+          down_cast<const ForeignMessage&>(
+              message_int32_message.GetReflection()->GetMessage(
+                  message_int32_message, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_value));
+      EXPECT_EQ(value_int32_message.c(), Func(key_int32_message, 6));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Make sure we can do sets through the RepeatedFieldRef objects.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    const Message& message_int32_int32 =
+        mmf_int32_int32.Get(i, entry_int32_int32.get());
+    int key = message_int32_int32.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+        message_int32_int32, fd_map_int32_in32_key);
+
+    entry_int32_int32->GetReflection()->SetInt32(
+        entry_int32_int32.get(), fd_map_int32_int32->message_type()->field(0),
+        key);
+    entry_int32_int32->GetReflection()->SetInt32(
+        entry_int32_int32.get(), fd_map_int32_int32->message_type()->field(1),
+        Func(key, -1));
+    entry_int32_double->GetReflection()->SetInt32(
+        entry_int32_double.get(), fd_map_int32_double->message_type()->field(0),
+        key);
+    entry_int32_double->GetReflection()->SetDouble(
+        entry_int32_double.get(), fd_map_int32_double->message_type()->field(1),
+        Func(key, -2));
+    entry_string_string->GetReflection()->SetString(
+        entry_string_string.get(),
+        fd_map_string_string->message_type()->field(0), StrFunc(key, 1));
+    entry_string_string->GetReflection()->SetString(
+        entry_string_string.get(),
+        fd_map_string_string->message_type()->field(1), StrFunc(key, -5));
+    entry_int32_foreign_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(
+        entry_int32_foreign_message.get(),
+        fd_map_int32_foreign_message->message_type()->field(0), key);
+    Message* value_message =
+        entry_int32_foreign_message->GetReflection()->MutableMessage(
+            entry_int32_foreign_message.get(),
+            fd_map_int32_foreign_message->message_type()->field(1));
+    value_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(
+        value_message, value_message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("c"),
+        Func(key, -6));
+
+    mmf_int32_int32.Set(i, *entry_int32_int32);
+    mmf_int32_double.Set(i, *entry_int32_double);
+    mmf_string_string.Set(i, *entry_string_string);
+    mmf_int32_foreign_message.Set(i, *entry_int32_foreign_message);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, -1), message.map_int32_int32().at(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, -2), message.map_int32_double().at(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(StrFunc(i, -5), message.map_string_string().at(StrFunc(i, 1)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, -6), message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(i).c());
+  }
+
+  // Test iterators.
+  {
+    int index = 0;
+    std::unordered_map<int32, int32> result;
+    for (RepeatedFieldRef<Message>::iterator it = mf_int32_int32.begin();
+         it != mf_int32_int32.end(); ++it) {
+      const Message& message = *it;
+      int32 key =
+          message.GetReflection()->GetInt32(message, fd_map_int32_in32_key);
+      int32 value =
+          message.GetReflection()->GetInt32(message, fd_map_int32_in32_value);
+      result[key] = value;
+      ++index;
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(10, index);
+    for (std::unordered_map<int32, int32>::const_iterator it = result.begin();
+         it != result.end(); ++it) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(message.map_int32_int32().at(it->first), it->second);
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    int index = 0;
+    std::unordered_map<int32, double> result;
+    for (RepeatedFieldRef<Message>::iterator it = mf_int32_double.begin();
+         it != mf_int32_double.end(); ++it) {
+      const Message& message = *it;
+      int32 key =
+          message.GetReflection()->GetInt32(message, fd_map_int32_double_key);
+      double value = message.GetReflection()->GetDouble(
+          message, fd_map_int32_double_value);
+      result[key] = value;
+      ++index;
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(10, index);
+    for (std::unordered_map<int32, double>::const_iterator it = result.begin();
+         it != result.end(); ++it) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(message.map_int32_double().at(it->first), it->second);
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    int index = 0;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> result;
+    for (RepeatedFieldRef<Message>::iterator it = mf_string_string.begin();
+         it != mf_string_string.end(); ++it) {
+      const Message& message = *it;
+      std::string key =
+          message.GetReflection()->GetString(message, fd_map_string_string_key);
+      std::string value = message.GetReflection()->GetString(
+          message, fd_map_string_string_value);
+      result[key] = value;
+      ++index;
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(10, index);
+    for (std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator it =
+             result.begin();
+         it != result.end(); ++it) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(message.map_string_string().at(it->first), it->second);
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    int index = 0;
+    std::map<int32, ForeignMessage> result;
+    for (RepeatedFieldRef<Message>::iterator it =
+             mf_int32_foreign_message.begin();
+         it != mf_int32_foreign_message.end(); ++it) {
+      const Message& message = *it;
+      int32 key = message.GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          message, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_key);
+      const ForeignMessage& sub_message =
+          down_cast<const ForeignMessage&>(message.GetReflection()->GetMessage(
+              message, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_value));
+      result[key].MergeFrom(sub_message);
+      ++index;
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(10, index);
+    for (std::map<int32, ForeignMessage>::const_iterator it = result.begin();
+         it != result.end(); ++it) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(it->first).c(),
+                it->second.c());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Test MutableRepeatedFieldRef::Add()
+  entry_int32_int32->GetReflection()->SetInt32(
+      entry_int32_int32.get(), fd_map_int32_int32->message_type()->field(0),
+      4321);
+  entry_int32_int32->GetReflection()->SetInt32(
+      entry_int32_int32.get(), fd_map_int32_int32->message_type()->field(1),
+      1234);
+  mmf_int32_int32.Add(*entry_int32_int32);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, message.map_int32_int32().at(4321));
+
+  entry_int32_double->GetReflection()->SetInt32(
+      entry_int32_double.get(), fd_map_int32_double->message_type()->field(0),
+      4321);
+  entry_int32_double->GetReflection()->SetDouble(
+      entry_int32_double.get(), fd_map_int32_double->message_type()->field(1),
+      1234.0);
+  mmf_int32_double.Add(*entry_int32_double);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234.0, message.map_int32_double().at(4321));
+
+  entry_string_string->GetReflection()->SetString(
+      entry_string_string.get(), fd_map_string_string->message_type()->field(0),
+      "4321");
+  entry_string_string->GetReflection()->SetString(
+      entry_string_string.get(), fd_map_string_string->message_type()->field(1),
+      "1234");
+  mmf_string_string.Add(*entry_string_string);
+  EXPECT_EQ("1234", message.map_string_string().at("4321"));
+
+  entry_int32_foreign_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(
+      entry_int32_foreign_message.get(),
+      fd_map_int32_foreign_message->message_type()->field(0), 4321);
+  Message* value_message =
+      entry_int32_foreign_message->GetReflection()->MutableMessage(
+          entry_int32_foreign_message.get(),
+          fd_map_int32_foreign_message->message_type()->field(1));
+  ForeignMessage foreign_message;
+  foreign_message.set_c(1234);
+  value_message->CopyFrom(foreign_message);
+
+  mmf_int32_foreign_message.Add(*entry_int32_foreign_message);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(4321).c());
+
+  // Test Reflection::AddAllocatedMessage
+  Message* free_entry_string_string =
+      MessageFactory::generated_factory()
+          ->GetPrototype(fd_map_string_string->message_type())
+          ->New();
+  entry_string_string->GetReflection()->SetString(
+      free_entry_string_string, fd_map_string_string->message_type()->field(0),
+      "4321");
+  entry_string_string->GetReflection()->SetString(
+      free_entry_string_string, fd_map_string_string->message_type()->field(1),
+      "1234");
+  refl->AddAllocatedMessage(&message, fd_map_string_string,
+                            free_entry_string_string);
+
+  // Test MutableRepeatedFieldRef::RemoveLast()
+  mmf_int32_int32.RemoveLast();
+  mmf_int32_double.RemoveLast();
+  mmf_string_string.RemoveLast();
+  mmf_int32_foreign_message.RemoveLast();
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, message.map_int32_double().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, message.map_string_string().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
+
+  // Test MutableRepeatedFieldRef::SwapElements()
+  {
+    const Message& message0a = mmf_int32_int32.Get(0, entry_int32_int32.get());
+    int32 int32_value0a =
+        message0a.GetReflection()->GetInt32(message0a, fd_map_int32_in32_value);
+    const Message& message9a = mmf_int32_int32.Get(9, entry_int32_int32.get());
+    int32 int32_value9a =
+        message9a.GetReflection()->GetInt32(message9a, fd_map_int32_in32_value);
+
+    mmf_int32_int32.SwapElements(0, 9);
+
+    const Message& message0b = mmf_int32_int32.Get(0, entry_int32_int32.get());
+    int32 int32_value0b =
+        message0b.GetReflection()->GetInt32(message0b, fd_map_int32_in32_value);
+    const Message& message9b = mmf_int32_int32.Get(9, entry_int32_int32.get());
+    int32 int32_value9b =
+        message9b.GetReflection()->GetInt32(message9b, fd_map_int32_in32_value);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(int32_value9a, int32_value0b);
+    EXPECT_EQ(int32_value0a, int32_value9b);
+  }
+
+  {
+    const Message& message0a =
+        mmf_int32_double.Get(0, entry_int32_double.get());
+    double double_value0a = message0a.GetReflection()->GetDouble(
+        message0a, fd_map_int32_double_value);
+    const Message& message9a =
+        mmf_int32_double.Get(9, entry_int32_double.get());
+    double double_value9a = message9a.GetReflection()->GetDouble(
+        message9a, fd_map_int32_double_value);
+
+    mmf_int32_double.SwapElements(0, 9);
+
+    const Message& message0b =
+        mmf_int32_double.Get(0, entry_int32_double.get());
+    double double_value0b = message0b.GetReflection()->GetDouble(
+        message0b, fd_map_int32_double_value);
+    const Message& message9b =
+        mmf_int32_double.Get(9, entry_int32_double.get());
+    double double_value9b = message9b.GetReflection()->GetDouble(
+        message9b, fd_map_int32_double_value);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(double_value9a, double_value0b);
+    EXPECT_EQ(double_value0a, double_value9b);
+  }
+
+  {
+    const Message& message0a =
+        mmf_string_string.Get(0, entry_string_string.get());
+    std::string string_value0a = message0a.GetReflection()->GetString(
+        message0a, fd_map_string_string_value);
+    const Message& message9a =
+        mmf_string_string.Get(9, entry_string_string.get());
+    std::string string_value9a = message9a.GetReflection()->GetString(
+        message9a, fd_map_string_string_value);
+
+    mmf_string_string.SwapElements(0, 9);
+
+    const Message& message0b =
+        mmf_string_string.Get(0, entry_string_string.get());
+    std::string string_value0b = message0b.GetReflection()->GetString(
+        message0b, fd_map_string_string_value);
+    const Message& message9b =
+        mmf_string_string.Get(9, entry_string_string.get());
+    std::string string_value9b = message9b.GetReflection()->GetString(
+        message9b, fd_map_string_string_value);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(string_value9a, string_value0b);
+    EXPECT_EQ(string_value0a, string_value9b);
+  }
+
+  {
+    const Message& message0a =
+        mmf_int32_foreign_message.Get(0, entry_int32_foreign_message.get());
+    const ForeignMessage& sub_message0a =
+        down_cast<const ForeignMessage&>(message0a.GetReflection()->GetMessage(
+            message0a, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_value));
+    int32 int32_value0a = sub_message0a.c();
+    const Message& message9a =
+        mmf_int32_foreign_message.Get(9, entry_int32_foreign_message.get());
+    const ForeignMessage& sub_message9a =
+        down_cast<const ForeignMessage&>(message9a.GetReflection()->GetMessage(
+            message9a, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_value));
+    int32 int32_value9a = sub_message9a.c();
+
+    mmf_int32_foreign_message.SwapElements(0, 9);
+
+    const Message& message0b =
+        mmf_int32_foreign_message.Get(0, entry_int32_foreign_message.get());
+    const ForeignMessage& sub_message0b =
+        down_cast<const ForeignMessage&>(message0b.GetReflection()->GetMessage(
+            message0b, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_value));
+    int32 int32_value0b = sub_message0b.c();
+    const Message& message9b =
+        mmf_int32_foreign_message.Get(9, entry_int32_foreign_message.get());
+    const ForeignMessage& sub_message9b =
+        down_cast<const ForeignMessage&>(message9b.GetReflection()->GetMessage(
+            message9b, fd_map_int32_foreign_message_value));
+    int32 int32_value9b = sub_message9b.c();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(int32_value9a, int32_value0b);
+    EXPECT_EQ(int32_value0a, int32_value9b);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldReflectionTest, RepeatedFieldRefMergeFromAndSwap) {
+  // Set-up message content.
+  TestMap m0, m1, m2;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    (*m0.mutable_map_int32_int32())[i] = Func(i, 1);
+    (*m0.mutable_map_int32_double())[i] = Func(i, 2);
+    (*m0.mutable_map_string_string())[StrFunc(i, 1)] = StrFunc(i, 5);
+    (*m0.mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[i].set_c(Func(i, 6));
+    (*m1.mutable_map_int32_int32())[i + 10] = Func(i, 11);
+    (*m1.mutable_map_int32_double())[i + 10] = Func(i, 12);
+    (*m1.mutable_map_string_string())[StrFunc(i + 10, 1)] = StrFunc(i, 15);
+    (*m1.mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[i + 10].set_c(Func(i, 16));
+    (*m2.mutable_map_int32_int32())[i + 20] = Func(i, 21);
+    (*m2.mutable_map_int32_double())[i + 20] = Func(i, 22);
+    (*m2.mutable_map_string_string())[StrFunc(i + 20, 1)] = StrFunc(i, 25);
+    (*m2.mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[i + 20].set_c(Func(i, 26));
+  }
+
+  const Reflection* refl = m0.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* desc = m0.GetDescriptor();
+
+  // Get FieldDescriptors for all the fields of interest.
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_int32 =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("map_int32_int32");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_double =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("map_int32_double");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_string_string =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("map_string_string");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_map_int32_foreign_message =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("map_int32_foreign_message");
+
+  // Get MutableRepeatedFieldRef objects for all fields of interest.
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message> mmf_int32_int32 =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(&m0, fd_map_int32_int32);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message> mmf_int32_double =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(&m0, fd_map_int32_double);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message> mmf_string_string =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(&m0, fd_map_string_string);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message> mmf_int32_foreign_message =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(&m0,
+                                                fd_map_int32_foreign_message);
+
+  // Test MutableRepeatedRef::CopyFrom
+  mmf_int32_int32.CopyFrom(
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(m1, fd_map_int32_int32));
+  mmf_int32_double.CopyFrom(
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(m1, fd_map_int32_double));
+  mmf_string_string.CopyFrom(
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(m1, fd_map_string_string));
+  mmf_int32_foreign_message.CopyFrom(
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(m1, fd_map_int32_foreign_message));
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 11), m0.map_int32_int32().at(i + 10));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 12), m0.map_int32_double().at(i + 10));
+    EXPECT_EQ(StrFunc(i, 15), m0.map_string_string().at(StrFunc(i + 10, 1)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 16), m0.map_int32_foreign_message().at(i + 10).c());
+  }
+
+  // Test MutableRepeatedRef::MergeFrom
+  mmf_int32_int32.MergeFrom(
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(m2, fd_map_int32_int32));
+  mmf_int32_double.MergeFrom(
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(m2, fd_map_int32_double));
+  mmf_string_string.MergeFrom(
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(m2, fd_map_string_string));
+  mmf_int32_foreign_message.MergeFrom(
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(m2, fd_map_int32_foreign_message));
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 21), m0.map_int32_int32().at(i + 20));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 22), m0.map_int32_double().at(i + 20));
+    EXPECT_EQ(StrFunc(i, 25), m0.map_string_string().at(StrFunc(i + 20, 1)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 26), m0.map_int32_foreign_message().at(i + 20).c());
+  }
+
+  // Test MutableRepeatedRef::Swap
+  // Swap between m0 and m2.
+  mmf_int32_int32.Swap(
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(&m2, fd_map_int32_int32));
+  mmf_int32_double.Swap(
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(&m2, fd_map_int32_double));
+  mmf_string_string.Swap(
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(&m2, fd_map_string_string));
+  mmf_int32_foreign_message.Swap(refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(
+      &m2, fd_map_int32_foreign_message));
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    // Check the content of m0.
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 21), m0.map_int32_int32().at(i + 20));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 22), m0.map_int32_double().at(i + 20));
+    EXPECT_EQ(StrFunc(i, 25), m0.map_string_string().at(StrFunc(i + 20, 1)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 26), m0.map_int32_foreign_message().at(i + 20).c());
+
+    // Check the content of m2.
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 11), m2.map_int32_int32().at(i + 10));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 12), m2.map_int32_double().at(i + 10));
+    EXPECT_EQ(StrFunc(i, 15), m2.map_string_string().at(StrFunc(i + 10, 1)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 16), m2.map_int32_foreign_message().at(i + 10).c());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 21), m2.map_int32_int32().at(i + 20));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 22), m2.map_int32_double().at(i + 20));
+    EXPECT_EQ(StrFunc(i, 25), m2.map_string_string().at(StrFunc(i + 20, 1)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 26), m2.map_int32_foreign_message().at(i + 20).c());
+  }
+
+  // TODO(teboring): add test for duplicated key
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldReflectionTest, MapSizeWithDuplicatedKey) {
+  // Dynamic Message
+  {
+    DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+    std::unique_ptr<Message> message(
+        factory.GetPrototype(unittest::TestMap::descriptor())->New());
+    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+    const FieldDescriptor* field =
+        unittest::TestMap::descriptor()->FindFieldByName("map_int32_int32");
+
+    Message* entry1 = reflection->AddMessage(message.get(), field);
+    Message* entry2 = reflection->AddMessage(message.get(), field);
+
+    const Reflection* entry_reflection = entry1->GetReflection();
+    const FieldDescriptor* key_field =
+        entry1->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("key");
+    entry_reflection->SetInt32(entry1, key_field, 1);
+    entry_reflection->SetInt32(entry2, key_field, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, field));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, MapSize(reflection, field, *message));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, field));
+  }
+
+  // Generated Message
+  {
+    unittest::TestMap message;
+    const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+    const FieldDescriptor* field =
+        message.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("map_int32_int32");
+
+    Message* entry1 = reflection->AddMessage(&message, field);
+    Message* entry2 = reflection->AddMessage(&message, field);
+
+    const Reflection* entry_reflection = entry1->GetReflection();
+    const FieldDescriptor* key_field =
+        entry1->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("key");
+    entry_reflection->SetInt32(entry1, key_field, 1);
+    entry_reflection->SetInt32(entry2, key_field, 1);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, field));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, MapSize(reflection, field, message));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldReflectionTest, UninitializedEntry) {
+  unittest::TestRequiredMessageMap message;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      message.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("map_field");
+  auto entry = reflection->AddMessage(&message, field);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(entry->IsInitialized());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.IsInitialized());
+}
+
+// Generated Message Test ===========================================
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, Accessors) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+
+  MapTestUtil::ModifyMapFields(&message);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsModified(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, SetMapFieldsInitialized) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFieldsInitialized(&message);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, Proto2SetMapFieldsInitialized) {
+  unittest::TestEnumMap message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO,
+            (*message.mutable_known_map_field())[0]);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, Clear) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+  message.Clear();
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectClear(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, ClearMessageMap) {
+  unittest::TestMessageMap message;
+
+  // Creates a TestAllTypes with default value
+  TestUtil::ExpectClear((*message.mutable_map_int32_message())[0]);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, CopyFrom) {
+  unittest::TestMap message1, message2;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+  message2.CopyFrom(message1);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+
+  // Copying from self should be a no-op.
+  message2.CopyFrom(message2);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, CopyFromMessageMap) {
+  unittest::TestMessageMap message1, message2;
+
+  (*message1.mutable_map_int32_message())[0].add_repeated_int32(100);
+  (*message2.mutable_map_int32_message())[0].add_repeated_int32(101);
+
+  message1.CopyFrom(message2);
+
+  // Checks repeated field is overwritten.
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message1.map_int32_message().at(0).repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(101, message1.map_int32_message().at(0).repeated_int32(0));
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, SwapWithEmpty) {
+  unittest::TestMap message1, message2;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message1);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectClear(message2);
+
+  message1.Swap(&message2);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectClear(message1);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, SwapWithSelf) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+
+  message.Swap(&message);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, SwapWithOther) {
+  unittest::TestMap message1, message2;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message2);
+  MapTestUtil::ModifyMapFields(&message2);
+
+  message1.Swap(&message2);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsModified(message1);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, CopyConstructor) {
+  unittest::TestMap message1;
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+
+  unittest::TestMap message2(message1);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, CopyAssignmentOperator) {
+  unittest::TestMap message1;
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+
+  unittest::TestMap message2;
+  message2 = message1;
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+
+  // Make sure that self-assignment does something sane.
+  message2.operator=(message2);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+#if !defined(PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS) || PROTOBUF_RTTI
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, UpcastCopyFrom) {
+  // Test the CopyFrom method that takes in the generic const Message&
+  // parameter.
+  unittest::TestMap message1, message2;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+
+  const Message* source = implicit_cast<const Message*>(&message1);
+  message2.CopyFrom(*source);
+
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, CopyFromDynamicMessage) {
+  // Test copying from a DynamicMessage, which must fall back to using
+  // reflection.
+  unittest::TestMap message2;
+
+  // Construct a new version of the dynamic message via the factory.
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message1;
+  message1.reset(factory.GetPrototype(unittest::TestMap::descriptor())->New());
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(message1.get());
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflection(*message1);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflectionIterator(message1.get());
+  message2.CopyFrom(*message1);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, CopyFromDynamicMessageMapReflection) {
+  unittest::TestMap message2;
+
+  // Construct a new version of the dynamic message via the factory.
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message1;
+  message1.reset(factory.GetPrototype(unittest::TestMap::descriptor())->New());
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaMapReflection(message1.get());
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflection(*message1);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflectionIterator(message1.get());
+  message2.CopyFrom(*message1);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, DynamicMessageMergeFromDynamicMessage) {
+  // Construct two dynamic message and sets via map reflection.
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message1;
+  message1.reset(factory.GetPrototype(unittest::TestMap::descriptor())->New());
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaMapReflection(message1.get());
+
+  // message2 is created by same factory.
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message2;
+  message2.reset(factory.GetPrototype(unittest::TestMap::descriptor())->New());
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaMapReflection(message2.get());
+
+  // message3 is created by different factory.
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory3;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message3;
+  message3.reset(factory3.GetPrototype(unittest::TestMap::descriptor())->New());
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaMapReflection(message3.get());
+
+  message2->MergeFrom(*message1);
+  message3->MergeFrom(*message1);
+
+  // Test MergeFrom does not sync to repeated fields and
+  // there is no duplicate keys in text format.
+  std::string output1, output2, output3;
+  TextFormat::PrintToString(*message1, &output1);
+  TextFormat::PrintToString(*message2, &output2);
+  TextFormat::PrintToString(*message3, &output3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(output1, output2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(output1, output3);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, DynamicMessageCopyFrom) {
+  // Test copying to a DynamicMessage, which must fall back to using reflection.
+  unittest::TestMap message2;
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message2);
+
+  // Construct a new version of the dynamic message via the factory.
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message1;
+  message1.reset(factory.GetPrototype(unittest::TestMap::descriptor())->New());
+
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  message1->MergeFrom(message2);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflection(*message1);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflectionIterator(message1.get());
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, DynamicMessageCopyFromMapReflection) {
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  unittest::TestMap message2;
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaMapReflection(&message2);
+
+  // Construct a dynamic message via the factory.
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message1;
+  message1.reset(factory.GetPrototype(unittest::TestMap::descriptor())->New());
+
+  message1->MergeFrom(message2);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflectionIterator(message1.get());
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflection(*message1);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, SyncDynamicMapWithRepeatedField) {
+  // Construct a dynamic message via the factory.
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message;
+  message.reset(factory.GetPrototype(unittest::TestMap::descriptor())->New());
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(message.get());
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflectionIterator(message.get());
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflection(*message);
+}
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, NonEmptyMergeFrom) {
+  unittest::TestMap message1, message2;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+
+  // This field will test merging into an empty spot.
+  (*message2.mutable_map_int32_int32())[1] = 1;
+  message1.mutable_map_int32_int32()->erase(1);
+
+  // This tests overwriting.
+  (*message2.mutable_map_int32_double())[1] = 1;
+  (*message1.mutable_map_int32_double())[1] = 2;
+
+  message1.MergeFrom(message2);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message1);
+
+  // Test reflection MergeFrom does not sync to repeated field
+  // and there is no duplicated keys.
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message2);
+
+  message2.MergeFrom(message1);
+
+  std::string output1, output2;
+  TextFormat::PrintToString(message1, &output1);
+  TextFormat::PrintToString(message2, &output2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(output1, output2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, MergeFromMessageMap) {
+  unittest::TestMessageMap message1, message2;
+
+  (*message1.mutable_map_int32_message())[0].add_repeated_int32(100);
+  (*message2.mutable_map_int32_message())[0].add_repeated_int32(101);
+
+  message1.MergeFrom(message2);
+
+  // Checks repeated field is overwritten.
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message1.map_int32_message().at(0).repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(101, message1.map_int32_message().at(0).repeated_int32(0));
+}
+
+// Test the generated SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray()
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, SerializationToArray) {
+  unittest::TestMap message1, message2;
+  std::string data;
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+  int size = message1.ByteSize();
+  data.resize(size);
+  uint8* start = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data));
+  uint8* end = message1.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(size, end - start);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+// Test the generated SerializeWithCachedSizes()
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, SerializationToStream) {
+  unittest::TestMap message1, message2;
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+  int size = message1.ByteSize();
+  std::string data;
+  data.resize(size);
+  {
+    // Allow the output stream to buffer only one byte at a time.
+    io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data), size, 1);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+    message1.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, output_stream.ByteCount());
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, SameTypeMaps) {
+  const Descriptor* map1 = unittest::TestSameTypeMap::descriptor()
+                               ->FindFieldByName("map1")
+                               ->message_type();
+  const Descriptor* map2 = unittest::TestSameTypeMap::descriptor()
+                               ->FindFieldByName("map2")
+                               ->message_type();
+
+  const Message* map1_entry =
+      MessageFactory::generated_factory()->GetPrototype(map1);
+  const Message* map2_entry =
+      MessageFactory::generated_factory()->GetPrototype(map2);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(map1, map1_entry->GetDescriptor());
+  EXPECT_EQ(map2, map2_entry->GetDescriptor());
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, Proto2UnknownEnum) {
+  unittest::TestEnumMapPlusExtra from;
+  (*from.mutable_known_map_field())[0] = unittest::E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO;
+  (*from.mutable_unknown_map_field())[0] = unittest::E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_EXTRA;
+  std::string data;
+  from.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  unittest::TestEnumMap to;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(to.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, to.unknown_map_field().size());
+  const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_field_set =
+      to.GetReflection()->GetUnknownFields(to);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, unknown_field_set.field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, to.known_map_field().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO, to.known_map_field().at(0));
+
+  data.clear();
+  from.Clear();
+  to.SerializeToString(&data);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(from.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, from.GetReflection()->GetUnknownFields(from).field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, from.known_map_field().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO, from.known_map_field().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, from.unknown_map_field().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_EXTRA, from.unknown_map_field().at(0));
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, StandardWireFormat) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  std::string data = "\x0A\x04\x08\x01\x10\x01";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, UnorderedWireFormat) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  // put value before key in wire format
+  std::string data = "\x0A\x04\x10\x01\x08\x02";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  ASSERT_NE(message.map_int32_int32().find(2), message.map_int32_int32().end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(2));
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, DuplicatedKeyWireFormat) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  // Two key fields in wire format
+  std::string data = "\x0A\x06\x08\x01\x08\x02\x10\x01";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(2));
+
+  // A similar test, but with a map from int to a message type.
+  // Again, we want to be sure that the "second one wins" when
+  // there are two separate entries with the same key.
+  const int key = 99;
+  unittest::TestRequiredMessageMap map_message;
+  unittest::TestRequired with_dummy4;
+  with_dummy4.set_a(0);
+  with_dummy4.set_b(0);
+  with_dummy4.set_c(0);
+  with_dummy4.set_dummy4(11);
+  (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[key] = with_dummy4;
+  std::string s = map_message.SerializeAsString();
+  unittest::TestRequired with_dummy5;
+  with_dummy5.set_a(0);
+  with_dummy5.set_b(0);
+  with_dummy5.set_c(0);
+  with_dummy5.set_dummy5(12);
+  (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[key] = with_dummy5;
+  std::string both = s + map_message.SerializeAsString();
+  // We don't expect a merge now.  The "second one wins."
+  ASSERT_TRUE(map_message.ParseFromString(both));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, map_message.map_field().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, map_message.map_field().count(key));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.b());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.c());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.has_dummy4());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.has_dummy5());
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.dummy5());
+}
+
+// Exhaustive combinations of keys, values, and junk in any order.
+// This re-tests some of the things tested above, but if it fails
+// it's more work to determine what went wrong, so it isn't necessarily
+// bad that we have the simpler tests too.
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, KeysValuesUnknownsWireFormat) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  const int kMaxNumKeysAndValuesAndJunk = 4;
+  const char kKeyTag = 0x08;
+  const char kValueTag = 0x10;
+  const char kJunkTag = 0x20;
+  for (int items = 0; items <= kMaxNumKeysAndValuesAndJunk; items++) {
+    std::string data = "\x0A";
+    // Encode length of what will follow.
+    data.push_back(items * 2);
+    static const int kBitsOfIPerItem = 4;
+    static const int mask = (1 << kBitsOfIPerItem) - 1;
+    // Each iteration of the following is a test.  It uses i as bit vector
+    // encoding the keys and values to put in the wire format.
+    for (int i = 0; i < (1 << (items * kBitsOfIPerItem)); i++) {
+      std::string wire_format = data;
+      int expected_key = 0;
+      int expected_value = 0;
+      for (int k = i, j = 0; j < items; j++, k >>= kBitsOfIPerItem) {
+        bool is_key = k & 0x1;
+        bool is_value = !is_key && (k & 0x2);
+        wire_format.push_back(is_key ? kKeyTag
+                                     : is_value ? kValueTag : kJunkTag);
+        char c = static_cast<char>(k & mask) >> 2;  // One char after the tag.
+        wire_format.push_back(c);
+        if (is_key) expected_key = static_cast<int>(c);
+        if (is_value) expected_value = static_cast<int>(c);
+        bool res = message.ParseFromString(wire_format);
+        bool expect_success = true;
+        // Unfortunately the old map parser accepts malformed input, the new
+        // parser accepts only correct input.
+        if (j != items - 1) expect_success = false;
+        if (expect_success) {
+          ASSERT_TRUE(res);
+          ASSERT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+          ASSERT_EQ(expected_key, message.map_int32_int32().begin()->first);
+          ASSERT_EQ(expected_value, message.map_int32_int32().begin()->second);
+        } else {
+          ASSERT_FALSE(res);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, DuplicatedValueWireFormat) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  // Two value fields in wire format
+  std::string data = "\x0A\x06\x08\x01\x10\x01\x10\x02";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, MissedKeyWireFormat) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  // No key field in wire format
+  std::string data = "\x0A\x02\x10\x01";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  ASSERT_NE(message.map_int32_int32().find(0), message.map_int32_int32().end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(0));
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, MissedValueWireFormat) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  // No value field in wire format
+  std::string data = "\x0A\x02\x08\x01";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  ASSERT_NE(message.map_int32_int32().find(1), message.map_int32_int32().end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, MissedValueTextFormat) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  // No value field in text format
+  std::string text =
+      "map_int32_foreign_message {\n"
+      "  key: 1234567890\n"
+      "}";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(text, &message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, message.ByteSize());
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, UnknownFieldWireFormat) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  // Unknown field in wire format
+  std::string data = "\x0A\x06\x08\x02\x10\x03\x18\x01";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, message.map_int32_int32().at(2));
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, CorruptedWireFormat) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  // corrupted data in wire format
+  std::string data = "\x0A\x06\x08\x02\x11\x03";
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, IsInitialized) {
+  unittest::TestRequiredMessageMap map_message;
+
+  // Add an uninitialized message.
+  (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0];
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_message.IsInitialized());
+
+  // Initialize uninitialized message
+  (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0].set_a(0);
+  (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0].set_b(0);
+  (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0].set_c(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_message.IsInitialized());
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, MessagesMustMerge) {
+  unittest::TestRequiredMessageMap map_message;
+  unittest::TestRequired with_dummy4;
+  with_dummy4.set_a(97);
+  with_dummy4.set_b(0);
+  with_dummy4.set_c(0);
+  with_dummy4.set_dummy4(98);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(with_dummy4.IsInitialized());
+  (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0] = with_dummy4;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_message.IsInitialized());
+  std::string s = map_message.SerializeAsString();
+
+  // Modify s so that there are two values in the entry for key 0.
+  // The first will have no value for c.  The second will have no value for a.
+  // Those are required fields.  Also, make some other little changes, to
+  // ensure we are merging the two values (because they're messages).
+  ASSERT_EQ(s.size() - 2, s[1]);  // encoding of the length of what follows
+  std::string encoded_val(s.data() + 4, s.data() + s.size());
+  // In s, change the encoding of c to an encoding of dummy32.
+  s[s.size() - 3] -= 8;
+  // Make encoded_val slightly different from what's in s.
+  encoded_val[encoded_val.size() - 1] += 33;  // Encode c = 33.
+  for (int i = 0; i < encoded_val.size(); i++) {
+    if (encoded_val[i] == 97) {
+      // Encode b = 91 instead of a = 97.  But this won't matter, because
+      // we also encode b = 0 right after this.  The point is to leave out
+      // a required field, and make sure the parser doesn't complain, because
+      // every required field is set after the merge of the two values.
+      encoded_val[i - 1] += 16;
+      encoded_val[i] = 91;
+    } else if (encoded_val[i] == 98) {
+      // Encode dummy5 = 99 instead of dummy4 = 98.
+      encoded_val[i - 1] += 8;  // The tag for dummy5 is 8 more.
+      encoded_val[i]++;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  s += encoded_val;            // Add the second message.
+  s[1] += encoded_val.size();  // Adjust encoded size.
+
+  // Test key then value then value.
+  int key = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(map_message.ParseFromString(s));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, map_message.map_field().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, map_message.map_field().count(key));
+  EXPECT_EQ(97, map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.b());
+  EXPECT_EQ(33, map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(98, map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.dummy4());
+  EXPECT_EQ(99, map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.dummy5());
+
+  // Test key then value then value then key.
+  s.push_back(s[2]);  // Copy the key's tag.
+  key = 19;
+  s.push_back(key);  // Second key is 19 instead of 0.
+  s[1] += 2;         // Adjust encoded size.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(map_message.ParseFromString(s));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, map_message.map_field().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, map_message.map_field().count(key));
+  EXPECT_EQ(97, map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.b());
+  EXPECT_EQ(33, map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(98, map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.dummy4());
+  EXPECT_EQ(99, map_message.map_field().find(key)->second.dummy5());
+}
+
+// Generated Message Reflection Test ================================
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, SpaceUsed) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+
+  EXPECT_LT(0, message.GetReflection()->SpaceUsed(message));
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, Accessors) {
+  // Set every field to a unique value then go back and check all those
+  // values.
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflectionIterator(&message);
+
+  reflection_tester.ModifyMapFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsModified(message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, Swap) {
+  unittest::TestMap message1;
+  unittest::TestMap message2;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->Swap(&message1, &message2);
+
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectClear(message1);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, SwapWithBothSet) {
+  unittest::TestMap message1;
+  unittest::TestMap message2;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message2);
+  MapTestUtil::ModifyMapFields(&message2);
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->Swap(&message1, &message2);
+
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsModified(message1);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, SwapFields) {
+  unittest::TestMap message1;
+  unittest::TestMap message2;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message2);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->ListFields(message2, &fields);
+  reflection->SwapFields(&message1, &message2, fields);
+
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message1);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectClear(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, ClearField) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.ClearMapFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectClearViaReflection(message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectClearViaReflectionIterator(&message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, RemoveLast) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapsSize(message, 2);
+  std::vector<const Message*> expected_entries =
+      MapTestUtil::GetMapEntries(message, 0);
+
+  reflection_tester.RemoveLastMapsViaReflection(&message);
+
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapsSize(message, 1);
+  std::vector<const Message*> remained_entries =
+      MapTestUtil::GetMapEntries(message, 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(expected_entries == remained_entries);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, ReleaseLast) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(descriptor);
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapsSize(message, 2);
+
+  reflection_tester.ReleaseLastMapsViaReflection(&message);
+
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapsSize(message, 1);
+
+  // Now test that we actually release the right message.
+  message.Clear();
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapsSize(message, 2);
+  std::vector<const Message*> expect_last =
+      MapTestUtil::GetMapEntries(message, 1);
+  std::vector<const Message*> release_last =
+      MapTestUtil::GetMapEntriesFromRelease(&message);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapsSize(message, 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(expect_last == release_last);
+  for (std::vector<const Message*>::iterator it = release_last.begin();
+       it != release_last.end(); ++it) {
+    delete *it;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, SwapElements) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+
+  // Get pointers of map entries at their original position
+  std::vector<const Message*> entries0 = MapTestUtil::GetMapEntries(message, 0);
+  std::vector<const Message*> entries1 = MapTestUtil::GetMapEntries(message, 1);
+
+  // Swap the first time.
+  reflection_tester.SwapMapsViaReflection(&message);
+
+  // Get pointer of map entry after swap once.
+  std::vector<const Message*> entries0_once =
+      MapTestUtil::GetMapEntries(message, 0);
+  std::vector<const Message*> entries1_once =
+      MapTestUtil::GetMapEntries(message, 1);
+
+  // Test map entries are swapped.
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapsSize(message, 2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(entries0 == entries1_once);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(entries1 == entries0_once);
+
+  // Swap the second time.
+  reflection_tester.SwapMapsViaReflection(&message);
+
+  // Get pointer of map entry after swap once.
+  std::vector<const Message*> entries0_twice =
+      MapTestUtil::GetMapEntries(message, 0);
+  std::vector<const Message*> entries1_twice =
+      MapTestUtil::GetMapEntries(message, 1);
+
+  // Test map entries are swapped back.
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapsSize(message, 2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(entries0 == entries0_twice);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(entries1 == entries1_twice);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, MutableUnknownFields) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.MutableUnknownFieldsOfMapFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, EmbedProto2Message) {
+  unittest::TestMessageMap message;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_field =
+      unittest::TestMessageMap::descriptor()->FindFieldByName(
+          "map_int32_message");
+  const FieldDescriptor* value =
+      map_field->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+
+  Message* entry_message =
+      message.GetReflection()->AddMessage(&message, map_field);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      &entry_message->GetReflection()->GetMessage(*entry_message, value),
+      reinterpret_cast<const Message*>(&TestAllTypes::default_instance()));
+
+  Message* proto2_message =
+      entry_message->GetReflection()->MutableMessage(entry_message, value);
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor(),
+            proto2_message->GetDescriptor());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_message().size());
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, MergeFromClearMapEntry) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_field =
+      unittest::TestMap::descriptor()->FindFieldByName("map_int32_int32");
+  const FieldDescriptor* key =
+      map_field->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* value =
+      map_field->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+
+  Message* entry_message1 =
+      message.GetReflection()->AddMessage(&message, map_field);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(entry_message1->GetReflection()->HasField(*entry_message1, key));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      entry_message1->GetReflection()->HasField(*entry_message1, value));
+
+  Message* entry_message2 =
+      message.GetReflection()->AddMessage(&message, map_field);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(entry_message2->GetReflection()->HasField(*entry_message2, key));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      entry_message2->GetReflection()->HasField(*entry_message2, value));
+
+  entry_message1->MergeFrom(*entry_message2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(entry_message1->GetReflection()->HasField(*entry_message1, key));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      entry_message1->GetReflection()->HasField(*entry_message1, value));
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, MapEntryClear) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.MutableUnknownFieldsOfMapFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+}
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, Proto2MapEntryClear) {
+  unittest::TestEnumMap message;
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor =
+      descriptor->FindFieldByName("known_map_field");
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_descriptor =
+      field_descriptor->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  Message* sub_message =
+      message.GetReflection()->AddMessage(&message, field_descriptor);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetEnumValue(*sub_message,
+                                                          value_descriptor));
+}
+
+// Map Reflection API Test =========================================
+
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldReflectionTest, SetViaMapReflection) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaMapReflection(&message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflection(message);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflectionIterator(&message);
+}
+
+// Dynamic Message Test =============================================
+
+class MapFieldInDynamicMessageTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  const DescriptorPool* pool_;
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory_;
+  const Descriptor* map_descriptor_;
+  const Descriptor* recursive_map_descriptor_;
+  const Message* map_prototype_;
+
+  MapFieldInDynamicMessageTest()
+      : pool_(DescriptorPool::generated_pool()), factory_(pool_) {}
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    map_descriptor_ = pool_->FindMessageTypeByName("protobuf_unittest.TestMap");
+    recursive_map_descriptor_ =
+        pool_->FindMessageTypeByName("protobuf_unittest.TestRecursiveMapMessage");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(map_descriptor_ != NULL);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(recursive_map_descriptor_ != NULL);
+    map_prototype_ = factory_.GetPrototype(map_descriptor_);
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldInDynamicMessageTest, MapIndependentOffsets) {
+  // Check that all fields have independent offsets by setting each
+  // one to a unique value then checking that they all still have those
+  // unique values (i.e. they don't stomp each other).
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message(map_prototype_->New());
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(map_descriptor_);
+
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(message.get());
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflection(*message);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldInDynamicMessageTest, DynamicMapReflection) {
+  // Check that map fields work properly.
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message(map_prototype_->New());
+
+  // Check set functions.
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(map_descriptor_);
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaMapReflection(message.get());
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflection(*message);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldInDynamicMessageTest, MapSpaceUsed) {
+  // Test that SpaceUsed() works properly
+
+  // Since we share the implementation with generated messages, we don't need
+  // to test very much here.  Just make sure it appears to be working.
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message(map_prototype_->New());
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(map_descriptor_);
+
+  int initial_space_used = message->SpaceUsed();
+
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(message.get());
+  EXPECT_LT(initial_space_used, message->SpaceUsed());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldInDynamicMessageTest, RecursiveMap) {
+  TestRecursiveMapMessage from;
+  (*from.mutable_a())[""];
+  std::string data = from.SerializeAsString();
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> to(
+      factory_.GetPrototype(recursive_map_descriptor_)->New());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(to->ParseFromString(data));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldInDynamicMessageTest, MapValueReferernceValidAfterSerialize) {
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message(map_prototype_->New());
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(map_descriptor_);
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaMapReflection(message.get());
+
+  // Get value reference before serialization, so that we know the value is from
+  // map.
+  MapKey map_key;
+  MapValueRef map_val;
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(0);
+  reflection_tester.GetMapValueViaMapReflection(
+      message.get(), "map_int32_foreign_message", map_key, &map_val);
+  Message* submsg = map_val.MutableMessageValue();
+
+  // In previous implementation, calling SerializeToString will cause syncing
+  // from map to repeated field, which will invalidate the submsg we previously
+  // got.
+  std::string data;
+  message->SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  const Reflection* submsg_reflection = submsg->GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* submsg_desc = submsg->GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* submsg_field = submsg_desc->FindFieldByName("c");
+  submsg_reflection->SetInt32(submsg, submsg_field, 128);
+
+  message->SerializeToString(&data);
+  TestMap to;
+  to.ParseFromString(data);
+  EXPECT_EQ(128, to.map_int32_foreign_message().at(0).c());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapFieldInDynamicMessageTest, MapEntryReferernceValidAfterSerialize) {
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message(map_prototype_->New());
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(map_descriptor_);
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(message.get());
+
+  // Get map entry before serialization, so that we know the it is from
+  // repeated field.
+  Message* map_entry = reflection_tester.GetMapEntryViaReflection(
+      message.get(), "map_int32_foreign_message", 0);
+  const Reflection* map_entry_reflection = map_entry->GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* map_entry_desc = map_entry->GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_field = map_entry_desc->FindFieldByName("value");
+  Message* submsg =
+      map_entry_reflection->MutableMessage(map_entry, value_field);
+
+  // In previous implementation, calling SerializeToString will cause syncing
+  // from repeated field to map, which will invalidate the map_entry we
+  // previously got.
+  std::string data;
+  message->SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  const Reflection* submsg_reflection = submsg->GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* submsg_desc = submsg->GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* submsg_field = submsg_desc->FindFieldByName("c");
+  submsg_reflection->SetInt32(submsg, submsg_field, 128);
+
+  message->SerializeToString(&data);
+  TestMap to;
+  to.ParseFromString(data);
+  EXPECT_EQ(128, to.map_int32_foreign_message().at(0).c());
+}
+
+// ReflectionOps Test ===============================================
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsForMapFieldTest, MapSanityCheck) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsForMapFieldTest, MapCopy) {
+  unittest::TestMap message, message2;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+
+  ReflectionOps::Copy(message, &message2);
+
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+
+  // Copying from self should be a no-op.
+  ReflectionOps::Copy(message2, &message2);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsForMapFieldTest, MergeMap) {
+  // Note:  Copy is implemented in terms of Merge() so technically the Copy
+  //   test already tested most of this.
+
+  unittest::TestMap message, message2;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+
+  ReflectionOps::Merge(message2, &message);
+
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsForMapFieldTest, ClearMap) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+
+  ReflectionOps::Clear(&message);
+
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectClear(message);
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsForMapFieldTest, MapDiscardUnknownFields) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+
+  // Set some unknown fields in message.
+  message.GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(&message)->AddVarint(123456,
+                                                                     654321);
+
+  // Discard them.
+  ReflectionOps::DiscardUnknownFields(&message);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.GetReflection()->GetUnknownFields(message).field_count());
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsForMapFieldTest, IsInitialized) {
+  unittest::TestRequiredMessageMap map_message;
+
+  // Add an uninitialized message.
+  (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0];
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(map_message));
+
+  // Initialize uninitialized message
+  (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0].set_a(0);
+  (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0].set_b(0);
+  (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0].set_c(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(map_message));
+}
+
+// Wire Format Test =================================================
+
+TEST(WireFormatForMapFieldTest, ParseMap) {
+  unittest::TestMap source, dest;
+  std::string data;
+
+  // Serialize using the generated code.
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&source);
+  source.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  // Parse using WireFormat.
+  io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+  io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+  WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &dest);
+
+  // Check.
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(dest);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatForMapFieldTest, MapByteSize) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.ByteSize(), WireFormat::ByteSize(message));
+  message.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, WireFormat::ByteSize(message));
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatForMapFieldTest, SerializeMap) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  std::string generated_data;
+  std::string dynamic_data;
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+
+  // Serialize using the generated code.
+  {
+    message.ByteSize();
+    io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&generated_data);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+    message.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+  }
+
+  // Serialize using WireFormat.
+  {
+    io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&dynamic_data);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+    int size = WireFormat::ByteSize(message);
+    WireFormat::SerializeWithCachedSizes(message, size, &output);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+  }
+
+  // Should be the same.
+  // Don't use EXPECT_EQ here because we're comparing raw binary data and
+  // we really don't want it dumped to stdout on failure.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(dynamic_data == generated_data);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatForMapFieldTest, SerializeMapDynamicMessage) {
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> dynamic_message;
+  dynamic_message.reset(
+      factory.GetPrototype(unittest::TestMap::descriptor())->New());
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(dynamic_message.get());
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflection(*dynamic_message);
+
+  unittest::TestMap generated_message;
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&generated_message);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(generated_message);
+
+  std::string generated_data;
+  std::string dynamic_data;
+
+  // Serialize.
+  generated_message.SerializeToString(&generated_data);
+  dynamic_message->SerializeToString(&dynamic_data);
+
+  // Because map serialization doesn't guarantee order, we just compare
+  // serialized size here. This is enough to tell dynamic message doesn't miss
+  // anything in serialization.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(dynamic_data.size() == generated_data.size());
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatForMapFieldTest, MapByteSizeDynamicMessage) {
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> dynamic_message;
+  dynamic_message.reset(
+      factory.GetPrototype(unittest::TestMap::descriptor())->New());
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(dynamic_message.get());
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflection(*dynamic_message);
+  std::string expected_serialized_data;
+  dynamic_message->SerializeToString(&expected_serialized_data);
+  int expected_size = expected_serialized_data.size();
+  EXPECT_EQ(dynamic_message->ByteSize(), expected_size);
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message2;
+  message2.reset(factory.GetPrototype(unittest::TestMap::descriptor())->New());
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaMapReflection(message2.get());
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      unittest::TestMap::descriptor()->FindFieldByName("map_int32_int32");
+  const Reflection* reflection = dynamic_message->GetReflection();
+
+  // Force the map field to mark with STATE_MODIFIED_REPEATED
+  reflection->RemoveLast(dynamic_message.get(), field);
+  dynamic_message->MergeFrom(*message2);
+  dynamic_message->MergeFrom(*message2);
+  // The map field is marked as STATE_MODIFIED_REPEATED, ByteSize() will use
+  // repeated field which have duplicate keys to calculate.
+  int duplicate_size = dynamic_message->ByteSize();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(duplicate_size > expected_size);
+  std::string duplicate_serialized_data;
+  dynamic_message->SerializeToString(&duplicate_serialized_data);
+  EXPECT_EQ(dynamic_message->ByteSize(), duplicate_serialized_data.size());
+
+  // Force the map field to mark with map CLEAN
+  EXPECT_EQ(reflection_tester.MapSize(*dynamic_message, "map_int32_int32"), 2);
+  // The map field is marked as CLEAN, ByteSize() will use map which do not
+  // have duplicate keys to calculate.
+  int size = dynamic_message->ByteSize();
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_size, size);
+
+  // Protobuf used to have a bug for serialize when map it marked CLEAN. It used
+  // repeated field to calulate ByteSize but use map to serialize the real data,
+  // thus the ByteSize may bigger than real serialized size. A crash might be
+  // happen at SerializeToString(). Or an "unexpect end group" warning was
+  // raised at parse back if user use SerializeWithCachedSizes() which avoids
+  // size check at serialize.
+  std::string serialized_data;
+  dynamic_message->SerializeToString(&serialized_data);
+  EXPECT_EQ(serialized_data, expected_serialized_data);
+  dynamic_message->ParseFromString(serialized_data);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatForMapFieldTest, MapParseHelpers) {
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // Set up.
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMap message;
+    MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+    message.SerializeToString(&data);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Test ParseFromString.
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMap message;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Test ParseFromIstream.
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMap message;
+    std::stringstream stream(data);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromIstream(&stream));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(stream.eof());
+    MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Test ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream.
+    std::string data_with_junk(data);
+    data_with_junk.append("some junk on the end");
+    io::ArrayInputStream stream(data_with_junk.data(), data_with_junk.size());
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMap message;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(&stream, data.size()));
+    MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Test that ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream fails (but doesn't crash) if
+    // EOF is reached before the expected number of bytes.
+    io::ArrayInputStream stream(data.data(), data.size());
+    protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(
+        message.ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(&stream, data.size() + 1));
+  }
+}
+
+// Deterministic Serialization Test ==========================================
+
+template <typename T>
+static std::string DeterministicSerializationWithSerializePartialToCodedStream(
+    const T& t) {
+  const int size = t.ByteSize();
+  std::string result(size, '\0');
+  io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&result), size);
+  io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+  output_stream.SetSerializationDeterministic(true);
+  t.SerializePartialToCodedStream(&output_stream);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+  EXPECT_EQ(size, output_stream.ByteCount());
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static std::string DeterministicSerializationWithSerializeToCodedStream(
+    const T& t) {
+  const int size = t.ByteSize();
+  std::string result(size, '\0');
+  io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&result), size);
+  io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+  output_stream.SetSerializationDeterministic(true);
+  t.SerializeToCodedStream(&output_stream);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+  EXPECT_EQ(size, output_stream.ByteCount());
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static std::string DeterministicSerialization(const T& t) {
+  const int size = t.ByteSize();
+  std::string result(size, '\0');
+  io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&result), size);
+  {
+    io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+    output_stream.SetSerializationDeterministic(true);
+    t.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, output_stream.ByteCount());
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, DeterministicSerializationWithSerializeToCodedStream(t));
+  EXPECT_EQ(result,
+            DeterministicSerializationWithSerializePartialToCodedStream(t));
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Helper to test the serialization of the first arg against a golden file.
+static void TestDeterministicSerialization(const protobuf_unittest::TestMaps& t,
+                                           const std::string& filename) {
+  std::string expected;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(
+      TestUtil::GetTestDataPath("net/proto2/internal/testdata/" + filename),
+      &expected, true));
+  const std::string actual = DeterministicSerialization(t);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual);
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMaps u;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(u.ParseFromString(actual));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(u, t));
+}
+
+// Helper for MapSerializationTest.  Return a 7-bit ASCII string.
+static std::string ConstructKey(uint64 n) {
+  std::string s(n % static_cast<uint64>(9), '\0');
+  if (s.empty()) {
+    return StrCat(n);
+  } else {
+    while (n != 0) {
+      s[n % s.size()] = (n >> 10) & 0x7f;
+      n /= 888;
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(MapSerializationTest, Deterministic) {
+  const int kIters = 25;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMaps t;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestIntIntMap inner;
+  (*inner.mutable_m())[0] = (*inner.mutable_m())[10] =
+      (*inner.mutable_m())[-200] = 0;
+  uint64 frog = 9;
+  const uint64 multiplier = 0xa29cd16f;
+  for (int i = 0; i < kIters; i++) {
+    const int32 i32 = static_cast<int32>(frog & 0xffffffff);
+    const uint32 u32 = static_cast<uint32>(i32) * 91919;
+    const int64 i64 = static_cast<int64>(frog);
+    const uint64 u64 = frog * static_cast<uint64>(187321);
+    const bool b = i32 > 0;
+    const std::string s = ConstructKey(frog);
+    (*inner.mutable_m())[i] = i32;
+    (*t.mutable_m_int32())[i32] = (*t.mutable_m_sint32())[i32] =
+        (*t.mutable_m_sfixed32())[i32] = inner;
+    (*t.mutable_m_uint32())[u32] = (*t.mutable_m_fixed32())[u32] = inner;
+    (*t.mutable_m_int64())[i64] = (*t.mutable_m_sint64())[i64] =
+        (*t.mutable_m_sfixed64())[i64] = inner;
+    (*t.mutable_m_uint64())[u64] = (*t.mutable_m_fixed64())[u64] = inner;
+    (*t.mutable_m_bool())[b] = inner;
+    (*t.mutable_m_string())[s] = inner;
+    (*t.mutable_m_string())[s + std::string(1 << (u32 % static_cast<uint32>(9)),
+                                            b)] = inner;
+    inner.mutable_m()->erase(i);
+    frog = frog * multiplier + i;
+    frog ^= (frog >> 41);
+  }
+  TestDeterministicSerialization(t, "golden_message_maps");
+}
+
+TEST(MapSerializationTest, DeterministicSubmessage) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestSubmessageMaps p;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMaps t;
+  const std::string filename = "golden_message_maps";
+  std::string golden;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(
+      TestUtil::GetTestDataPath("net/proto2/internal/testdata/" + filename),
+      &golden, true));
+  t.ParseFromString(golden);
+  *(p.mutable_m()) = t;
+  std::vector<std::string> v;
+  // Use multiple attempts to increase the chance of a failure if something is
+  // buggy.  For example, each separate copy of a map might use a different
+  // randomly-chosen hash function.
+  const int kAttempts = 10;
+  for (int i = 0; i < kAttempts; i++) {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestSubmessageMaps q(p);
+    ASSERT_EQ(DeterministicSerialization(q), DeterministicSerialization(p));
+  }
+}
+
+// Text Format Test =================================================
+
+TEST(TextFormatMapTest, SerializeAndParse) {
+  unittest::TestMap source;
+  unittest::TestMap dest;
+  MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(&source);
+  std::string output;
+
+  // Test compact ASCII
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  printer.PrintToString(source, &output);
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString(output, &dest));
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(dest);
+}
+
+TEST(TextFormatMapTest, DynamicMessage) {
+  TestMap prototype;
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message(
+      factory.GetPrototype(prototype.GetDescriptor())->New());
+  MapReflectionTester tester(message->GetDescriptor());
+  tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(message.get());
+
+  std::string expected_text;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(
+      File::GetContents(TestUtil::GetTestDataPath("net/proto2/internal/"
+                                                  "testdata/map_test_data.txt"),
+                        &expected_text, true));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message->DebugString(), expected_text);
+}
+
+TEST(TextFormatMapTest, Sorted) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  MapReflectionTester tester(message.GetDescriptor());
+  tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+
+  std::string expected_text;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(
+      File::GetContents(TestUtil::GetTestDataPath("net/proto2/internal/"
+                                                  "testdata/map_test_data.txt"),
+                        &expected_text, true));
+
+  CleanStringLineEndings(&expected_text, false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.DebugString(), expected_text);
+
+  // Test again on the reverse order.
+  unittest::TestMap message2;
+  tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(&message2);
+  tester.SwapMapsViaReflection(&message2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.DebugString(), expected_text);
+}
+
+TEST(TextFormatMapTest, ParseCorruptedString) {
+  std::string serialized_message;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(
+      File::GetContents(TestUtil::GetTestDataPath(
+                            "net/proto2/internal/testdata/golden_message_maps"),
+                        &serialized_message, true));
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMaps message;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(message.ParseFromString(serialized_message));
+  TestParseCorruptedString<protobuf_unittest::TestMaps, true>(message);
+  TestParseCorruptedString<protobuf_unittest::TestMaps, false>(message);
+}
+
+// Previously, serializing to text format will disable iterator from generated
+// API. Now, the iterator can be still used even after serializing to text
+// format.
+TEST(TextFormatMapTest, NoDisableIterator) {
+  unittest::TestMap source;
+  (*source.mutable_map_int32_int32())[1] = 1;
+
+  // Get iterator.
+  Map<int32, int32>::iterator iter = source.mutable_map_int32_int32()->find(1);
+
+  // Serialize message to text format, which will invalidate the previous
+  // iterator previously.
+  std::string output;
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  printer.PrintToString(source, &output);
+
+  // Modify map via the iterator (invalidated in prvious implementation.).
+  iter->second = 2;
+
+  // In previous implementation, the new change won't be reflected in text
+  // format, because the previous iterator has been invalidated.
+  output.clear();
+  printer.PrintToString(source, &output);
+  std::string expected =
+      "map_int32_int32 {\n"
+      "  key: 1\n"
+      "  value: 2\n"
+      "}\n";
+  EXPECT_EQ(output, expected);
+}
+
+// Previously, serializing to text format will disable iterator from reflection
+// API.
+TEST(TextFormatMapTest, NoDisableReflectionIterator) {
+  unittest::TestMap source;
+  (*source.mutable_map_int32_int32())[1] = 1;
+
+  // Get iterator. This will also sync internal repeated field with map inside
+  // of MapField.
+  const Reflection* reflection = source.GetReflection();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_desc =
+      source.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("map_int32_int32");
+  RepeatedPtrField<Message>* map_field =
+      reflection->MutableRepeatedPtrField<Message>(&source, field_desc);
+  RepeatedPtrField<Message>::iterator iter = map_field->begin();
+
+  // Serialize message to text format, which will invalidate the prvious
+  // iterator previously.
+  std::string output;
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  printer.PrintToString(source, &output);
+
+  // Modify map via the iterator (invalidated in prvious implementation.).
+  const Reflection* map_entry_reflection = iter->GetReflection();
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_field_desc =
+      iter->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  map_entry_reflection->SetInt32(&(*iter), value_field_desc, 2);
+  GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << iter->DebugString();
+
+  // In previous implementation, the new change won't be reflected in text
+  // format, because the previous iterator has been invalidated.
+  output.clear();
+  printer.PrintToString(source, &output);
+  std::string expected =
+      "map_int32_int32 {\n"
+      "  key: 1\n"
+      "  value: 2\n"
+      "}\n";
+  EXPECT_EQ(output, expected);
+}
+
+
+// arena support =================================================
+TEST(ArenaTest, ParsingAndSerializingNoHeapAllocation) {
+  // Allocate a large initial block to avoid mallocs during hooked test.
+  std::vector<char> arena_block(128 * 1024);
+  ArenaOptions options;
+  options.initial_block = &arena_block[0];
+  options.initial_block_size = arena_block.size();
+  Arena arena(options);
+  std::string data;
+  data.reserve(128 * 1024);
+
+  {
+    // TODO(teboring): Enable no heap check when ArenaStringPtr is used in map.
+    // NoHeapChecker no_heap;
+
+    unittest::TestArenaMap* from =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestArenaMap>(&arena);
+    MapTestUtil::SetArenaMapFields(from);
+    from->SerializeToString(&data);
+
+    unittest::TestArenaMap* to =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestArenaMap>(&arena);
+    to->ParseFromString(data);
+    MapTestUtil::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(*to);
+  }
+}
+
+// Use text format parsing and serializing to test reflection api.
+TEST(ArenaTest, ReflectionInTextFormat) {
+  Arena arena;
+  std::string data;
+
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+
+  unittest::TestArenaMap* from =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestArenaMap>(&arena);
+  unittest::TestArenaMap* to =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestArenaMap>(&arena);
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetArenaMapFields(from);
+  printer.PrintToString(*from, &data);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString(data, to));
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(*to);
+}
+
+// Make sure the memory allocated for string in map is deallocated.
+TEST(ArenaTest, StringMapNoLeak) {
+  Arena arena;
+  unittest::TestArenaMap* message =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestArenaMap>(&arena);
+  std::string data;
+  // String with length less than 16 will not be allocated from heap.
+  int original_capacity = data.capacity();
+  while (data.capacity() <= original_capacity) {
+    data.append("a");
+  }
+  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())[data] = data;
+  // We rely on heap checkers to detect memory leak for us.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(message == NULL);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, IsInitialized) {
+  // Allocate a large initial polluted block.
+  std::vector<char> arena_block(128 * 1024);
+  std::fill(arena_block.begin(), arena_block.end(), '\xff');
+
+  ArenaOptions options;
+  options.initial_block = &arena_block[0];
+  options.initial_block_size = arena_block.size();
+  Arena arena(options);
+
+  unittest::TestArenaMap* message =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestArenaMap>(&arena);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[0]);
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, DynamicMapFieldOnArena) {
+  Arena arena;
+  unittest::TestMap message2;
+
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  Message* message1 =
+      factory.GetPrototype(unittest::TestMap::descriptor())->New(&arena);
+  MapReflectionTester reflection_tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  reflection_tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(message1);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflection(*message1);
+  reflection_tester.ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflectionIterator(message1);
+  message2.CopyFrom(*message1);
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(MoveTest, MoveConstructorWorks) {
+  Map<int32, TestAllTypes> original_map;
+  original_map[42].mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(42);
+  original_map[43].mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(43);
+  const auto* nested_msg42_ptr = &original_map[42].optional_nested_message();
+  const auto* nested_msg43_ptr = &original_map[43].optional_nested_message();
+
+  Map<int32, TestAllTypes> moved_to_map(std::move(original_map));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(original_map.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, moved_to_map.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, moved_to_map[42].optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(43, moved_to_map[43].optional_nested_message().bb());
+  // This test takes advantage of the fact that pointers are swapped, so there
+  // should be pointer stability.
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested_msg42_ptr, &moved_to_map[42].optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested_msg43_ptr, &moved_to_map[43].optional_nested_message());
+}
+
+TEST(MoveTest, MoveAssignmentWorks) {
+  Map<int32, TestAllTypes> original_map;
+  original_map[42].mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(42);
+  original_map[43].mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(43);
+  const auto* nested_msg42_ptr = &original_map[42].optional_nested_message();
+  const auto* nested_msg43_ptr = &original_map[43].optional_nested_message();
+
+  Map<int32, TestAllTypes> moved_to_map = std::move(original_map);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(original_map.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, moved_to_map.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, moved_to_map[42].optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(43, moved_to_map[43].optional_nested_message().bb());
+  // This test takes advantage of the fact that pointers are swapped, so there
+  // should be pointer stability.
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested_msg42_ptr, &moved_to_map[42].optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested_msg43_ptr, &moved_to_map[43].optional_nested_message());
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9787d3d1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1521 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_TEST_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_TEST_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/map_unittest.pb.h>
+
+#define UNITTEST ::protobuf_unittest
+// Must define UNITTEST before including map_test_util.inc.
+#include <google/protobuf/map_test_util.inc>
+#undef UNITTEST
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace unittest = ::protobuf_unittest;
+
+
+// Like above, but use the reflection interface.
+class MapReflectionTester {
+ public:
+  // base_descriptor must be a descriptor for TestMap, which is used for
+  // MapReflectionTester to fetch the FieldDescriptors needed to use the
+  // reflection interface.
+  explicit MapReflectionTester(const Descriptor* base_descriptor);
+
+  void SetMapFieldsViaReflection(Message* message);
+  void SetMapFieldsViaMapReflection(Message* message);
+  void ClearMapFieldsViaReflection(Message* message);
+  void ModifyMapFieldsViaReflection(Message* message);
+  void RemoveLastMapsViaReflection(Message* message);
+  void ReleaseLastMapsViaReflection(Message* message);
+  void SwapMapsViaReflection(Message* message);
+  void MutableUnknownFieldsOfMapFieldsViaReflection(Message* message);
+  void ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflection(const Message& message);
+  void ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflectionIterator(Message* message);
+  void ExpectClearViaReflection(const Message& message);
+  void ExpectClearViaReflectionIterator(Message* message);
+  void GetMapValueViaMapReflection(Message* message,
+                                   const std::string& field_name,
+                                   const MapKey& map_key, MapValueRef* map_val);
+  Message* GetMapEntryViaReflection(Message* message,
+                                    const std::string& field_name, int index);
+  MapIterator MapBegin(Message* message, const std::string& field_name);
+  MapIterator MapEnd(Message* message, const std::string& field_name);
+  int MapSize(const Message& message, const std::string& field_name);
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* F(const std::string& name);
+
+  const Descriptor* base_descriptor_;
+
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* map_enum_bar_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* map_enum_baz_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* map_enum_foo_;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* foreign_c_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_int32_int32_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_int32_int32_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_int64_int64_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_int64_int64_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_uint32_uint32_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_uint32_uint32_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_uint64_uint64_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_uint64_uint64_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_sint32_sint32_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_sint32_sint32_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_sint64_sint64_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_sint64_sint64_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_fixed32_fixed32_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_fixed32_fixed32_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_fixed64_fixed64_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_fixed64_fixed64_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_sfixed32_sfixed32_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_sfixed32_sfixed32_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_sfixed64_sfixed64_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_sfixed64_sfixed64_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_int32_float_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_int32_float_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_int32_double_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_int32_double_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_bool_bool_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_bool_bool_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_string_string_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_string_string_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_int32_bytes_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_int32_bytes_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_int32_enum_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_int32_enum_val_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_int32_foreign_message_key_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* map_int32_foreign_message_val_;
+};
+
+inline MapReflectionTester::MapReflectionTester(
+    const Descriptor* base_descriptor)
+    : base_descriptor_(base_descriptor) {
+  const DescriptorPool* pool = base_descriptor->file()->pool();
+  std::string package = base_descriptor->file()->package();
+
+  map_enum_foo_ = pool->FindEnumValueByName(package + ".MAP_ENUM_FOO");
+  map_enum_bar_ = pool->FindEnumValueByName(package + ".MAP_ENUM_BAR");
+  map_enum_baz_ = pool->FindEnumValueByName(package + ".MAP_ENUM_BAZ");
+
+  foreign_c_ = pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".ForeignMessage.c");
+  map_int32_int32_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapInt32Int32Entry.key");
+  map_int32_int32_val_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapInt32Int32Entry.value");
+  map_int64_int64_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapInt64Int64Entry.key");
+  map_int64_int64_val_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapInt64Int64Entry.value");
+  map_uint32_uint32_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapUint32Uint32Entry.key");
+  map_uint32_uint32_val_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapUint32Uint32Entry.value");
+  map_uint64_uint64_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapUint64Uint64Entry.key");
+  map_uint64_uint64_val_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapUint64Uint64Entry.value");
+  map_sint32_sint32_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapSint32Sint32Entry.key");
+  map_sint32_sint32_val_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapSint32Sint32Entry.value");
+  map_sint64_sint64_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapSint64Sint64Entry.key");
+  map_sint64_sint64_val_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapSint64Sint64Entry.value");
+  map_fixed32_fixed32_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapFixed32Fixed32Entry.key");
+  map_fixed32_fixed32_val_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapFixed32Fixed32Entry.value");
+  map_fixed64_fixed64_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapFixed64Fixed64Entry.key");
+  map_fixed64_fixed64_val_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapFixed64Fixed64Entry.value");
+  map_sfixed32_sfixed32_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapSfixed32Sfixed32Entry.key");
+  map_sfixed32_sfixed32_val_ = pool->FindFieldByName(
+      package + ".TestMap.MapSfixed32Sfixed32Entry.value");
+  map_sfixed64_sfixed64_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapSfixed64Sfixed64Entry.key");
+  map_sfixed64_sfixed64_val_ = pool->FindFieldByName(
+      package + ".TestMap.MapSfixed64Sfixed64Entry.value");
+  map_int32_float_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapInt32FloatEntry.key");
+  map_int32_float_val_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapInt32FloatEntry.value");
+  map_int32_double_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapInt32DoubleEntry.key");
+  map_int32_double_val_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapInt32DoubleEntry.value");
+  map_bool_bool_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapBoolBoolEntry.key");
+  map_bool_bool_val_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapBoolBoolEntry.value");
+  map_string_string_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapStringStringEntry.key");
+  map_string_string_val_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapStringStringEntry.value");
+  map_int32_bytes_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapInt32BytesEntry.key");
+  map_int32_bytes_val_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapInt32BytesEntry.value");
+  map_int32_enum_key_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapInt32EnumEntry.key");
+  map_int32_enum_val_ =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestMap.MapInt32EnumEntry.value");
+  map_int32_foreign_message_key_ = pool->FindFieldByName(
+      package + ".TestMap.MapInt32ForeignMessageEntry.key");
+  map_int32_foreign_message_val_ = pool->FindFieldByName(
+      package + ".TestMap.MapInt32ForeignMessageEntry.value");
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_enum_foo_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_enum_bar_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_enum_baz_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_int32_int32_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_int32_int32_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_int64_int64_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_int64_int64_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_uint32_uint32_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_uint32_uint32_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_uint64_uint64_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_uint64_uint64_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_sint32_sint32_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_sint32_sint32_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_sint64_sint64_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_sint64_sint64_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_fixed32_fixed32_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_fixed32_fixed32_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_fixed64_fixed64_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_fixed64_fixed64_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_sfixed32_sfixed32_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_sfixed32_sfixed32_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_sfixed64_sfixed64_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_sfixed64_sfixed64_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_int32_float_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_int32_float_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_int32_double_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_int32_double_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_bool_bool_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_bool_bool_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_string_string_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_string_string_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_int32_bytes_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_int32_bytes_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_int32_enum_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_int32_enum_val_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_int32_foreign_message_key_ == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(map_int32_foreign_message_val_ == nullptr);
+}
+
+// Shorthand to get a FieldDescriptor for a field of unittest::TestMap.
+inline const FieldDescriptor* MapReflectionTester::F(const std::string& name) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* result = nullptr;
+  result = base_descriptor_->FindFieldByName(name);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(result != nullptr);
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline void MapReflectionTester::SetMapFieldsViaReflection(Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  Message* sub_message = nullptr;
+  Message* sub_foreign_message = nullptr;
+
+  // Add first element.
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_int32"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_int32_int32_key_, 0);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_int32_int32_val_, 0);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int64_int64"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt64(sub_message, map_int64_int64_key_, 0);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt64(sub_message, map_int64_int64_val_, 0);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_uint32_uint32"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt32(sub_message, map_uint32_uint32_key_,
+                                          0);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt32(sub_message, map_uint32_uint32_val_,
+                                          0);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_uint64_uint64"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt64(sub_message, map_uint64_uint64_key_,
+                                          0);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt64(sub_message, map_uint64_uint64_val_,
+                                          0);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_sint32_sint32"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_sint32_sint32_key_,
+                                         0);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_sint32_sint32_val_,
+                                         0);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_sint64_sint64"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt64(sub_message, map_sint64_sint64_key_,
+                                         0);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt64(sub_message, map_sint64_sint64_val_,
+                                         0);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt32(sub_message, map_fixed32_fixed32_key_,
+                                          0);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt32(sub_message, map_fixed32_fixed32_val_,
+                                          0);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt64(sub_message, map_fixed64_fixed64_key_,
+                                          0);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt64(sub_message, map_fixed64_fixed64_val_,
+                                          0);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message,
+                                         map_sfixed32_sfixed32_key_, 0);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message,
+                                         map_sfixed32_sfixed32_val_, 0);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_sfixed64_sfixed64"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt64(sub_message,
+                                         map_sfixed64_sfixed64_key_, 0);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt64(sub_message,
+                                         map_sfixed64_sfixed64_val_, 0);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_float"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_int32_float_key_, 0);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetFloat(sub_message, map_int32_float_val_,
+                                         0.0);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_double"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_int32_double_key_, 0);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetDouble(sub_message, map_int32_double_val_,
+                                          0.0);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_bool_bool"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetBool(sub_message, map_bool_bool_key_, false);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetBool(sub_message, map_bool_bool_val_, false);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_string_string"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetString(sub_message, map_string_string_key_,
+                                          "0");
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetString(sub_message, map_string_string_val_,
+                                          "0");
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_bytes"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_int32_bytes_key_, 0);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetString(sub_message, map_int32_bytes_val_,
+                                          "0");
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_enum"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_int32_enum_key_, 0);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetEnum(sub_message, map_int32_enum_val_,
+                                        map_enum_bar_);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_foreign_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message,
+                                         map_int32_foreign_message_key_, 0);
+  sub_foreign_message = sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableMessage(
+      sub_message, map_int32_foreign_message_val_, nullptr);
+  sub_foreign_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_foreign_message,
+                                                 foreign_c_, 0);
+
+  // Add second element
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_int32"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_int32_int32_key_, 1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_int32_int32_val_, 1);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int64_int64"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt64(sub_message, map_int64_int64_key_, 1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt64(sub_message, map_int64_int64_val_, 1);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_uint32_uint32"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt32(sub_message, map_uint32_uint32_key_,
+                                          1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt32(sub_message, map_uint32_uint32_val_,
+                                          1);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_uint64_uint64"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt64(sub_message, map_uint64_uint64_key_,
+                                          1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt64(sub_message, map_uint64_uint64_val_,
+                                          1);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_sint32_sint32"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_sint32_sint32_key_,
+                                         1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_sint32_sint32_val_,
+                                         1);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_sint64_sint64"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt64(sub_message, map_sint64_sint64_key_,
+                                         1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt64(sub_message, map_sint64_sint64_val_,
+                                         1);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt32(sub_message, map_fixed32_fixed32_key_,
+                                          1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt32(sub_message, map_fixed32_fixed32_val_,
+                                          1);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt64(sub_message, map_fixed64_fixed64_key_,
+                                          1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetUInt64(sub_message, map_fixed64_fixed64_val_,
+                                          1);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message,
+                                         map_sfixed32_sfixed32_key_, 1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message,
+                                         map_sfixed32_sfixed32_val_, 1);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_sfixed64_sfixed64"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt64(sub_message,
+                                         map_sfixed64_sfixed64_key_, 1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt64(sub_message,
+                                         map_sfixed64_sfixed64_val_, 1);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_float"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_int32_float_key_, 1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetFloat(sub_message, map_int32_float_val_,
+                                         1.0);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_double"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_int32_double_key_, 1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetDouble(sub_message, map_int32_double_val_,
+                                          1.0);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_bool_bool"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetBool(sub_message, map_bool_bool_key_, true);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetBool(sub_message, map_bool_bool_val_, true);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_string_string"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetString(sub_message, map_string_string_key_,
+                                          "1");
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetString(sub_message, map_string_string_val_,
+                                          "1");
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_bytes"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_int32_bytes_key_, 1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetString(sub_message, map_int32_bytes_val_,
+                                          "1");
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_enum"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, map_int32_enum_key_, 1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetEnum(sub_message, map_int32_enum_val_,
+                                        map_enum_baz_);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_foreign_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message,
+                                         map_int32_foreign_message_key_, 1);
+  sub_foreign_message = sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableMessage(
+      sub_message, map_int32_foreign_message_val_, nullptr);
+  sub_foreign_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_foreign_message,
+                                                 foreign_c_, 1);
+}
+
+inline void MapReflectionTester::SetMapFieldsViaMapReflection(
+    Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  Message* sub_foreign_message = nullptr;
+  MapValueRef map_val;
+
+  // Add first element.
+  MapKey map_key;
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_int32"),
+                                                 map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetInt32Value(0);
+
+  map_key.SetInt64Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int64_int64"),
+                                                 map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetInt64Value(0);
+
+  map_key.SetUInt32Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(
+      message, F("map_uint32_uint32"), map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetUInt32Value(0);
+
+  map_key.SetUInt64Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(
+      message, F("map_uint64_uint64"), map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetUInt64Value(0);
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(
+      message, F("map_sint32_sint32"), map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetInt32Value(0);
+
+  map_key.SetInt64Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(
+      message, F("map_sint64_sint64"), map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetInt64Value(0);
+
+  map_key.SetUInt32Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(
+      message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32"), map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetUInt32Value(0);
+
+  map_key.SetUInt64Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(
+      message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64"), map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetUInt64Value(0);
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(
+      message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32"), map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetInt32Value(0);
+
+  map_key.SetInt64Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(
+      message, F("map_sfixed64_sfixed64"), map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetInt64Value(0);
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_float"),
+                                                 map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetFloatValue(0.0);
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_double"),
+                                                 map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetDoubleValue(0.0);
+
+  map_key.SetBoolValue(false);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_bool_bool"),
+                                                 map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetBoolValue(false);
+
+  map_key.SetStringValue("0");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(
+      message, F("map_string_string"), map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetStringValue("0");
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_bytes"),
+                                                 map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetStringValue("0");
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_enum"),
+                                                 map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetEnumValue(map_enum_bar_->number());
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(
+      message, F("map_int32_foreign_message"), map_key, &map_val));
+  sub_foreign_message = map_val.MutableMessageValue();
+  sub_foreign_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_foreign_message,
+                                                 foreign_c_, 0);
+
+  // Add second element
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_int32"),
+                                                 map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetInt32Value(1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_int32"),
+                                                  map_key, &map_val));
+
+  map_key.SetInt64Value(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int64_int64"),
+                                                 map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetInt64Value(1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int64_int64"),
+                                                  map_key, &map_val));
+
+  map_key.SetUInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_uint32_uint32"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetUInt32Value(1);
+
+  map_key.SetUInt64Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_uint64_uint64"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetUInt64Value(1);
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_sint32_sint32"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetInt32Value(1);
+
+  map_key.SetInt64Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_sint64_sint64"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetInt64Value(1);
+
+  map_key.SetUInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetUInt32Value(1);
+
+  map_key.SetUInt64Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetUInt64Value(1);
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32"),
+                                     map_key, &map_val);
+  map_val.SetInt32Value(1);
+
+  map_key.SetInt64Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_sfixed64_sfixed64"),
+                                     map_key, &map_val);
+  map_val.SetInt64Value(1);
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_float"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetFloatValue(1.0);
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_double"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetDoubleValue(1.0);
+
+  map_key.SetBoolValue(true);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_bool_bool"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetBoolValue(true);
+
+  map_key.SetStringValue("1");
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_string_string"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetStringValue("1");
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_bytes"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetStringValue("1");
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_enum"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetEnumValue(map_enum_baz_->number());
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(
+      message, F("map_int32_foreign_message"), map_key, &map_val));
+  sub_foreign_message = map_val.MutableMessageValue();
+  sub_foreign_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_foreign_message,
+                                                 foreign_c_, 1);
+}
+
+inline void MapReflectionTester::GetMapValueViaMapReflection(
+    Message* message, const std::string& field_name, const MapKey& map_key,
+    MapValueRef* map_val) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F(field_name),
+                                                  map_key, map_val));
+}
+
+inline Message* MapReflectionTester::GetMapEntryViaReflection(
+    Message* message, const std::string& field_name, int index) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  return reflection->MutableRepeatedMessage(message, F(field_name), index);
+}
+
+inline MapIterator MapReflectionTester::MapBegin(
+    Message* message, const std::string& field_name) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  return reflection->MapBegin(message, F(field_name));
+}
+
+inline MapIterator MapReflectionTester::MapEnd(Message* message,
+                                               const std::string& field_name) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  return reflection->MapEnd(message, F(field_name));
+}
+
+inline int MapReflectionTester::MapSize(const Message& message,
+                                        const std::string& field_name) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  return reflection->MapSize(message, F(field_name));
+}
+
+inline void MapReflectionTester::ClearMapFieldsViaReflection(Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_int32_int32"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_int64_int64"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_uint32_uint32"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_uint64_uint64"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_sint32_sint32"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_sint64_sint64"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_sfixed64_sfixed64"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_int32_float"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_int32_double"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_bool_bool"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_string_string"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_int32_bytes"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_int32_enum"));
+  reflection->ClearField(message, F("map_int32_foreign_message"));
+}
+
+inline void MapReflectionTester::ModifyMapFieldsViaReflection(
+    Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  MapValueRef map_val;
+  Message* sub_foreign_message;
+
+  // Modify the second element
+  MapKey map_key;
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_int32"),
+                                                  map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetInt32Value(2);
+
+  map_key.SetInt64Value(1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int64_int64"),
+                                                  map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetInt64Value(2);
+
+  map_key.SetUInt32Value(1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(
+      message, F("map_uint32_uint32"), map_key, &map_val));
+  map_val.SetUInt32Value(2);
+
+  map_key.SetUInt64Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_uint64_uint64"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetUInt64Value(2);
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_sint32_sint32"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetInt32Value(2);
+
+  map_key.SetInt64Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_sint64_sint64"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetInt64Value(2);
+
+  map_key.SetUInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetUInt32Value(2);
+
+  map_key.SetUInt64Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetUInt64Value(2);
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32"),
+                                     map_key, &map_val);
+  map_val.SetInt32Value(2);
+
+  map_key.SetInt64Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_sfixed64_sfixed64"),
+                                     map_key, &map_val);
+  map_val.SetInt64Value(2);
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_float"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetFloatValue(2.0);
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_double"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetDoubleValue(2.0);
+
+  map_key.SetBoolValue(true);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_bool_bool"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetBoolValue(false);
+
+  map_key.SetStringValue("1");
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_string_string"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetStringValue("2");
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_bytes"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetStringValue("2");
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(message, F("map_int32_enum"), map_key,
+                                     &map_val);
+  map_val.SetEnumValue(map_enum_foo_->number());
+
+  map_key.SetInt32Value(1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(
+      message, F("map_int32_foreign_message"), map_key, &map_val));
+  sub_foreign_message = map_val.MutableMessageValue();
+  sub_foreign_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_foreign_message,
+                                                 foreign_c_, 2);
+}
+
+inline void MapReflectionTester::RemoveLastMapsViaReflection(Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> output;
+  reflection->ListFields(*message, &output);
+  for (int i = 0; i < output.size(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = output[i];
+    if (!field->is_repeated()) continue;
+    reflection->RemoveLast(message, field);
+  }
+}
+
+inline void MapReflectionTester::ReleaseLastMapsViaReflection(
+    Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> output;
+  reflection->ListFields(*message, &output);
+  for (int i = 0; i < output.size(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = output[i];
+    if (!field->is_repeated()) continue;
+    if (field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) continue;
+
+    Message* released = reflection->ReleaseLast(message, field);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(released != nullptr)
+        << "ReleaseLast returned nullptr for: " << field->name();
+    delete released;
+  }
+}
+
+inline void MapReflectionTester::SwapMapsViaReflection(Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> output;
+  reflection->ListFields(*message, &output);
+  for (int i = 0; i < output.size(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = output[i];
+    if (!field->is_repeated()) continue;
+    reflection->SwapElements(message, field, 0, 1);
+  }
+}
+
+inline void MapReflectionTester::MutableUnknownFieldsOfMapFieldsViaReflection(
+    Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  Message* sub_message = nullptr;
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_int32"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int64_int64"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_uint32_uint32"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_uint64_uint64"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_sint32_sint32"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_sint64_sint64"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_sfixed64_sfixed64"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_float"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_double"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_bool_bool"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_string_string"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_bytes"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_enum"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_foreign_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(sub_message) !=
+              nullptr);
+}
+
+inline void MapReflectionTester::ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflection(
+    const Message& message) {
+  std::string scratch;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  const Message* sub_message;
+  MapKey map_key;
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_int32_int32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_int64_int64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_uint32_uint32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_uint64_uint64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_sint32_sint32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_sint64_sint64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_sfixed64_sfixed64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_int32_float")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_int32_double")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_bool_bool")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_string_string")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_int32_bytes")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_int32_enum")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_int32_foreign_message")));
+
+  {
+    std::map<int32, int32> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      // Check with RepeatedField Reflection
+      sub_message =
+          &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("map_int32_int32"), i);
+      int32 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message,
+                                                         map_int32_int32_key_);
+      int32 val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message,
+                                                         map_int32_int32_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetInt32Value(key);
+      EXPECT_TRUE(
+          reflection->ContainsMapKey(message, F("map_int32_int32"), map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int64, int64> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      // Check with RepeatedField Reflection
+      sub_message =
+          &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("map_int64_int64"), i);
+      int64 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt64(*sub_message,
+                                                         map_int64_int64_key_);
+      int64 val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt64(*sub_message,
+                                                         map_int64_int64_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetInt64Value(key);
+      EXPECT_TRUE(
+          reflection->ContainsMapKey(message, F("map_int64_int64"), map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<uint32, uint32> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      // Check with RepeatedField Reflection
+      sub_message =
+          &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("map_uint32_uint32"), i);
+      uint32 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetUInt32(
+          *sub_message, map_uint32_uint32_key_);
+      uint32 val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetUInt32(
+          *sub_message, map_uint32_uint32_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetUInt32Value(key);
+      EXPECT_TRUE(
+          reflection->ContainsMapKey(message, F("map_uint32_uint32"), map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<uint64, uint64> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      sub_message =
+          &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("map_uint64_uint64"), i);
+      uint64 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetUInt64(
+          *sub_message, map_uint64_uint64_key_);
+      uint64 val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetUInt64(
+          *sub_message, map_uint64_uint64_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetUInt64Value(key);
+      EXPECT_TRUE(
+          reflection->ContainsMapKey(message, F("map_uint64_uint64"), map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int32, int32> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      sub_message =
+          &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("map_sint32_sint32"), i);
+      int32 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          *sub_message, map_sint32_sint32_key_);
+      int32 val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          *sub_message, map_sint32_sint32_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetInt32Value(key);
+      EXPECT_EQ(true, reflection->ContainsMapKey(
+                          message, F("map_sint32_sint32"), map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int64, int64> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      sub_message =
+          &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("map_sint64_sint64"), i);
+      int64 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt64(
+          *sub_message, map_sint64_sint64_key_);
+      int64 val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt64(
+          *sub_message, map_sint64_sint64_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetInt64Value(key);
+      EXPECT_EQ(true, reflection->ContainsMapKey(
+                          message, F("map_sint64_sint64"), map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<uint32, uint32> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      sub_message =
+          &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32"), i);
+      uint32 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetUInt32(
+          *sub_message, map_fixed32_fixed32_key_);
+      uint32 val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetUInt32(
+          *sub_message, map_fixed32_fixed32_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetUInt32Value(key);
+      EXPECT_EQ(true, reflection->ContainsMapKey(
+                          message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32"), map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<uint64, uint64> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      sub_message =
+          &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64"), i);
+      uint64 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetUInt64(
+          *sub_message, map_fixed64_fixed64_key_);
+      uint64 val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetUInt64(
+          *sub_message, map_fixed64_fixed64_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetUInt64Value(key);
+      EXPECT_EQ(true, reflection->ContainsMapKey(
+                          message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64"), map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int32, int32> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(
+          message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32"), i);
+      int32 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          *sub_message, map_sfixed32_sfixed32_key_);
+      int32 val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          *sub_message, map_sfixed32_sfixed32_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetInt32Value(key);
+      EXPECT_EQ(true, reflection->ContainsMapKey(
+                          message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32"), map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int64, int64> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(
+          message, F("map_sfixed64_sfixed64"), i);
+      int64 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt64(
+          *sub_message, map_sfixed64_sfixed64_key_);
+      int64 val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt64(
+          *sub_message, map_sfixed64_sfixed64_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetInt64Value(key);
+      EXPECT_EQ(true, reflection->ContainsMapKey(
+                          message, F("map_sfixed64_sfixed64"), map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int32, float> map;
+    map[0] = 0.0;
+    map[1] = 1.0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      sub_message =
+          &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("map_int32_float"), i);
+      int32 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message,
+                                                         map_int32_float_key_);
+      float val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetFloat(*sub_message,
+                                                         map_int32_float_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetInt32Value(key);
+      EXPECT_EQ(true, reflection->ContainsMapKey(message, F("map_int32_float"),
+                                                 map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int32, double> map;
+    map[0] = 0.0;
+    map[1] = 1.0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      sub_message =
+          &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("map_int32_double"), i);
+      int32 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message,
+                                                         map_int32_double_key_);
+      double val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetDouble(
+          *sub_message, map_int32_double_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetInt32Value(key);
+      EXPECT_EQ(true, reflection->ContainsMapKey(message, F("map_int32_double"),
+                                                 map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<bool, bool> map;
+    map[false] = false;
+    map[true] = true;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      sub_message =
+          &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("map_bool_bool"), i);
+      bool key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetBool(*sub_message,
+                                                       map_bool_bool_key_);
+      bool val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetBool(*sub_message,
+                                                       map_bool_bool_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetBoolValue(key);
+      EXPECT_EQ(true, reflection->ContainsMapKey(message, F("map_bool_bool"),
+                                                 map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> map;
+    map["0"] = "0";
+    map["1"] = "1";
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      sub_message =
+          &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("map_string_string"), i);
+      std::string key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetString(
+          *sub_message, map_string_string_key_);
+      std::string val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetString(
+          *sub_message, map_string_string_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetStringValue(key);
+      EXPECT_EQ(true, reflection->ContainsMapKey(
+                          message, F("map_string_string"), map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int32, std::string> map;
+    map[0] = "0";
+    map[1] = "1";
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      sub_message =
+          &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("map_int32_bytes"), i);
+      int32 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message,
+                                                         map_int32_bytes_key_);
+      std::string val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetString(
+          *sub_message, map_int32_bytes_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetInt32Value(key);
+      EXPECT_EQ(true, reflection->ContainsMapKey(message, F("map_int32_bytes"),
+                                                 map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int32, const EnumValueDescriptor*> map;
+    map[0] = map_enum_bar_;
+    map[1] = map_enum_baz_;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      sub_message =
+          &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("map_int32_enum"), i);
+      int32 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message,
+                                                         map_int32_enum_key_);
+      const EnumValueDescriptor* val = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetEnum(
+          *sub_message, map_int32_enum_val_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetInt32Value(key);
+      EXPECT_EQ(true, reflection->ContainsMapKey(message, F("map_int32_enum"),
+                                                 map_key));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int32, int32> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(
+          message, F("map_int32_foreign_message"), i);
+      int32 key = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(
+          *sub_message, map_int32_foreign_message_key_);
+      const Message& foreign_message = sub_message->GetReflection()->GetMessage(
+          *sub_message, map_int32_foreign_message_val_);
+      int32 val = foreign_message.GetReflection()->GetInt32(foreign_message,
+                                                            foreign_c_);
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[key], val);
+      // Check with Map Reflection
+      map_key.SetInt32Value(key);
+      EXPECT_EQ(true, reflection->ContainsMapKey(
+                          message, F("map_int32_foreign_message"), map_key));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+inline void MapReflectionTester::ExpectMapFieldsSetViaReflectionIterator(
+    Message* message) {
+  std::string scratch;
+  std::string serialized;
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_int32_int32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_int64_int64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_uint32_uint32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_uint64_uint64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_sint32_sint32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_sint64_sint64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_sfixed64_sfixed64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_int32_float")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_int32_double")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_bool_bool")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_string_string")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_int32_bytes")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_int32_enum")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(*message, F("map_int32_foreign_message")));
+
+  {
+    std::map<int32, int32> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    int size = 0;
+    for (MapIterator iter = reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_int32_int32"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_int32_int32"));
+         ++iter, ++size) {
+      // Check const methods do not invalidate map.
+      message->DebugString();
+      message->ShortDebugString();
+      message->SerializeToString(&serialized);
+      message->SpaceUsedLong();
+      message->ByteSizeLong();
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetInt32Value()],
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetInt32Value());
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, 2);
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int64, int64> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (MapIterator iter = reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_int64_int64"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_int64_int64")); ++iter) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetInt64Value()],
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetInt64Value());
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<uint32, uint32> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (MapIterator iter =
+             reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_uint32_uint32"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_uint32_uint32")); ++iter) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetUInt32Value()],
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetUInt32Value());
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<uint64, uint64> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (MapIterator iter =
+             reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_uint64_uint64"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_uint64_uint64")); ++iter) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetUInt64Value()],
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetUInt64Value());
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int32, int32> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (MapIterator iter =
+             reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_sint32_sint32"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_sint32_sint32")); ++iter) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetInt32Value()],
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetInt32Value());
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int64, int64> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (MapIterator iter =
+             reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_sint64_sint64"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_sint64_sint64")); ++iter) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetInt64Value()],
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetInt64Value());
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<uint32, uint32> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (MapIterator iter =
+             reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32"));
+         ++iter) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetUInt32Value()],
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetUInt32Value());
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<uint64, uint64> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (MapIterator iter =
+             reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64"));
+         ++iter) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetUInt64Value()],
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetUInt64Value());
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int32, int32> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    for (MapIterator iter =
+             reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32"));
+         ++iter) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetInt32Value()],
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetInt32Value());
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int32, float> map;
+    map[0] = 0.0;
+    map[1] = 1.0;
+    for (MapIterator iter = reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_int32_float"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_int32_float")); ++iter) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetInt32Value()],
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetFloatValue());
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int32, double> map;
+    map[0] = 0.0;
+    map[1] = 1.0;
+    for (MapIterator iter =
+             reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_int32_double"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_int32_double")); ++iter) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetInt32Value()],
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetDoubleValue());
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<bool, bool> map;
+    map[false] = false;
+    map[true] = true;
+    for (MapIterator iter = reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_bool_bool"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_bool_bool")); ++iter) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetBoolValue()],
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetBoolValue());
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> map;
+    map["0"] = "0";
+    map["1"] = "1";
+    int size = 0;
+    for (MapIterator iter =
+             reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_string_string"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_string_string"));
+         ++iter, ++size) {
+      // Check const methods do not invalidate map.
+      message->DebugString();
+      message->ShortDebugString();
+      message->SerializeToString(&serialized);
+      message->SpaceUsedLong();
+      message->ByteSizeLong();
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetStringValue()],
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetStringValue());
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, 2);
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int32, std::string> map;
+    map[0] = "0";
+    map[1] = "1";
+    for (MapIterator iter = reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_int32_bytes"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_int32_bytes")); ++iter) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetInt32Value()],
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetStringValue());
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int32, const EnumValueDescriptor*> map;
+    map[0] = map_enum_bar_;
+    map[1] = map_enum_baz_;
+    for (MapIterator iter = reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_int32_enum"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_int32_enum")); ++iter) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetInt32Value()]->number(),
+                iter.GetValueRef().GetEnumValue());
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::map<int32, int32> map;
+    map[0] = 0;
+    map[1] = 1;
+    int size = 0;
+    for (MapIterator iter =
+             reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_int32_foreign_message"));
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_int32_foreign_message"));
+         ++iter, ++size) {
+      // Check const methods do not invalidate map.
+      message->DebugString();
+      message->ShortDebugString();
+      message->SerializeToString(&serialized);
+      message->SpaceUsedLong();
+      message->ByteSizeLong();
+      const Message& sub_message = iter.GetValueRef().GetMessageValue();
+      EXPECT_EQ(map[iter.GetKey().GetInt32Value()],
+                sub_message.GetReflection()->GetInt32(sub_message, foreign_c_));
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, 2);
+  }
+}
+
+inline void MapReflectionTester::ExpectClearViaReflection(
+    const Message& message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  // Map fields are empty.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_int32_int32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_int64_int64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_uint32_uint32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_uint64_uint64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_sint32_sint32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_sint64_sint64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_sfixed64_sfixed64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_int32_float")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_int32_double")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_bool_bool")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_string_string")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_int32_bytes")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_int32_enum")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("map_int32_foreign_message")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->GetMapData(message, F("map_int32_foreign_message"))
+                  ->IsMapValid());
+}
+
+inline void MapReflectionTester::ExpectClearViaReflectionIterator(
+    Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_int32_int32")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_int32_int32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_int64_int64")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_int64_int64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_uint32_uint32")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_uint32_uint32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_uint64_uint64")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_uint64_uint64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_sint32_sint32")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_sint32_sint32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_sint64_sint64")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_sint64_sint64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_fixed32_fixed32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_fixed64_fixed64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_sfixed32_sfixed32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_sfixed64_sfixed64")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_sfixed64_sfixed64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_int32_float")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_int32_float")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_int32_double")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_int32_double")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_bool_bool")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_bool_bool")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_string_string")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_string_string")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_int32_bytes")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_int32_bytes")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_int32_enum")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_int32_enum")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->MapBegin(message, F("map_int32_foreign_message")) ==
+              reflection->MapEnd(message, F("map_int32_foreign_message")));
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_TEST_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.inc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.inc
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..600fdc36a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/map_test_util_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class MapTestUtil {
+ public:
+  // Set every field in the TestMap message to a unique value.
+  static void SetMapFields(UNITTEST::TestMap* message);
+
+  // Set every field in the TestArenaMap message to a unique value.
+  static void SetArenaMapFields(UNITTEST::TestArenaMap* message);
+
+  // Set every field in the message to a default value.
+  static void SetMapFieldsInitialized(UNITTEST::TestMap* message);
+
+  // Modify all the map fields of the message (which should already have been
+  // initialized with SetMapFields()).
+  static void ModifyMapFields(UNITTEST::TestMap* message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFields() is called.
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsSet(const UNITTEST::TestMap& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFields() is called for TestArenaMap.
+  static void ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(const UNITTEST::TestArenaMap& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFieldsInitialized() is called.
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(const UNITTEST::TestMap& message);
+
+  // Expect that the message is modified as would be expected from
+  // ModifyMapFields().
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsModified(const UNITTEST::TestMap& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields are empty.
+  static void ExpectClear(const UNITTEST::TestMap& message);
+
+  // Check that all map fields have the given size.
+  static void ExpectMapsSize(const UNITTEST::TestMap& message, int size);
+
+  // Get pointers of map entries at given index.
+  static std::vector<const Message*> GetMapEntries(
+      const UNITTEST::TestMap& message, int index);
+
+  // Get pointers of map entries from release.
+  static std::vector<const Message*> GetMapEntriesFromRelease(
+      UNITTEST::TestMap* message);
+};
+
+inline void MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(UNITTEST::TestMap* message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::SetMapFields<UNITTEST::MapEnum, UNITTEST::MAP_ENUM_BAR,
+                                UNITTEST::MAP_ENUM_BAZ>(message);
+}
+
+inline void MapTestUtil::SetArenaMapFields(UNITTEST::TestArenaMap* message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::SetArenaMapFields<UNITTEST::MapEnum, UNITTEST::MAP_ENUM_BAR,
+                                     UNITTEST::MAP_ENUM_BAZ>(message);
+}
+
+inline void MapTestUtil::SetMapFieldsInitialized(UNITTEST::TestMap* message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::SetMapFieldsInitialized(message);
+}
+
+inline void MapTestUtil::ModifyMapFields(UNITTEST::TestMap* message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ModifyMapFields<UNITTEST::MapEnum, UNITTEST::MAP_ENUM_FOO>(
+      message);
+}
+
+inline void MapTestUtil::ExpectClear(const UNITTEST::TestMap& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectClear(message);
+}
+
+inline void MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(const UNITTEST::TestMap& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsSet<UNITTEST::MapEnum, UNITTEST::MAP_ENUM_BAR,
+                                      UNITTEST::MAP_ENUM_BAZ>(message);
+}
+
+inline void MapTestUtil::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(
+    const UNITTEST::TestArenaMap& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet<
+      UNITTEST::MapEnum, UNITTEST::MAP_ENUM_BAR, UNITTEST::MAP_ENUM_BAZ>(
+      message);
+}
+
+inline void MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(
+    const UNITTEST::TestMap& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized<UNITTEST::MapEnum,
+                                                 UNITTEST::MAP_ENUM_FOO>(
+      message);
+}
+
+inline void MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsModified(
+    const UNITTEST::TestMap& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsModified<
+      UNITTEST::MapEnum, UNITTEST::MAP_ENUM_BAR, UNITTEST::MAP_ENUM_FOO>(
+      message);
+}
+
+inline void MapTestUtil::ExpectMapsSize(const UNITTEST::TestMap& message,
+                                        int size) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(size, message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_int32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size, message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int64_int64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size,
+            message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_uint32_uint32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size,
+            message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_uint64_uint64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size,
+            message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_sint32_sint32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size,
+            message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_sint64_sint64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size,
+            message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_fixed32_fixed32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size,
+            message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_fixed64_fixed64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size,
+            message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_sfixed32_sfixed32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size,
+            message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_sfixed64_sfixed64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size, message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_float")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size,
+            message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_double")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size, message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_bool_bool")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size,
+            message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_string_string")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(size, message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+                      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_bytes")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      size,
+      message.GetReflection()->FieldSize(
+          message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_foreign_message")));
+}
+
+inline std::vector<const Message*> MapTestUtil::GetMapEntries(
+    const UNITTEST::TestMap& message, int index) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  std::vector<const Message*> result;
+
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_int32"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int64_int64"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_uint32_uint32"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_uint64_uint64"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_sint32_sint32"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_sint64_sint64"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_fixed32_fixed32"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_fixed64_fixed64"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_sfixed32_sfixed32"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_sfixed64_sfixed64"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_float"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_double"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_bool_bool"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_string_string"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_bytes"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_enum"), index));
+  result.push_back(&message.GetReflection()->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_foreign_message"),
+      index));
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline std::vector<const Message*> MapTestUtil::GetMapEntriesFromRelease(
+    UNITTEST::TestMap* message) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message->GetDescriptor();
+  std::vector<const Message*> result;
+
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_int32")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int64_int64")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_uint32_uint32")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_uint64_uint64")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_sint32_sint32")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_sint64_sint64")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_fixed32_fixed32")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_fixed64_fixed64")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_sfixed32_sfixed32")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_sfixed64_sfixed64")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_float")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_double")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_bool_bool")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_string_string")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_bytes")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_enum")));
+  result.push_back(message->GetReflection()->ReleaseLast(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("map_int32_foreign_message")));
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util_impl.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util_impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70145b7e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util_impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_TEST_UTIL_IMPL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_TEST_UTIL_IMPL_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+
+namespace protobuf_unittest {}  // namespace protobuf_unittest
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace unittest = ::protobuf_unittest;
+
+class MapTestUtilImpl {
+ public:
+  // Set every field in the TestMap message to a unique value.
+  template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0, EnumType enum_value1,
+            typename MapMessage>
+  static void SetMapFields(MapMessage* message);
+
+  // Set every field in the TestArenaMap message to a unique value.
+  template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0, EnumType enum_value1,
+            typename MapMessage>
+  static void SetArenaMapFields(MapMessage* message);
+
+  // Set every field in the message to a default value.
+  template <typename MapMessage>
+  static void SetMapFieldsInitialized(MapMessage* message);
+
+  // Modify all the map fields of the message (which should already have been
+  // initialized with SetMapFields()).
+  template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value, typename MapMessage>
+  static void ModifyMapFields(MapMessage* message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFields() is called.
+  template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0, EnumType enum_value1,
+            typename MapMessage>
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsSet(const MapMessage& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFields() is called for TestArenaMap.
+  template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0, EnumType enum_value1,
+            typename MapMessage>
+  static void ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(const MapMessage& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFieldsInitialized() is called.
+  template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value, typename MapMessage>
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(const MapMessage& message);
+
+  // Expect that the message is modified as would be expected from
+  // ModifyMapFields().
+  template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0, EnumType enum_value1,
+            typename MapMessage>
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsModified(const MapMessage& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields are empty.
+  template <typename MapMessage>
+  static void ExpectClear(const MapMessage& message);
+
+  // // Check that all map fields have the given size.
+  // template <typename MapMessage>
+  // static void ExpectMapsSize(const MapMessage& message, int size);
+
+  // // Get pointers of map entries at given index.
+  // static std::vector<const Message*> GetMapEntries(
+  //     const MapMessage& message, int index);
+
+  // // Get pointers of map entries from release.
+  // static std::vector<const Message*> GetMapEntriesFromRelease(
+  //     MapMessage* message);
+};
+
+template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0, EnumType enum_value1,
+          typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::SetMapFields(MapMessage* message) {
+  // Add first element.
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[0] = 0.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[0] = 0.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[0] = false;
+  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())["0"] = "0";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_bytes())[0] = "0";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[0] = enum_value0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[0].set_c(0);
+
+  // Add second element
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[1] = 1.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[1] = 1.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[1] = true;
+  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())["1"] = "1";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_bytes())[1] = "1";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[1] = enum_value1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[1].set_c(1);
+}
+
+template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0, EnumType enum_value1,
+          typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::SetArenaMapFields(MapMessage* message) {
+  // Add first element.
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[0] = 0.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[0] = 0.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[0] = false;
+  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())["0"] = "0";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_bytes())[0] = "0";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[0] = enum_value0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[0].set_c(0);
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message_no_arena())[0].set_c(0);
+
+  // Add second element
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[1] = 1.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[1] = 1.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[1] = true;
+  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())["1"] = "1";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_bytes())[1] = "1";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[1] = enum_value1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[1].set_c(1);
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message_no_arena())[1].set_c(1);
+}
+
+template <typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::SetMapFieldsInitialized(MapMessage* message) {
+  // Add first element using bracket operator, which should assign default
+  // value automatically.
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())["0"];
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_bytes())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[0];
+}
+
+template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value, typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::ModifyMapFields(MapMessage* message) {
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[1] = 2.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[1] = 2.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[1] = false;
+  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())["1"] = "2";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_bytes())[1] = "2";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[1] = enum_value;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[1].set_c(2);
+}
+
+template <typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectClear(const MapMessage& message) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int64_int64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint32_uint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint64_uint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint32_sint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint64_sint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_float().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_double().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_bool_bool().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_string_string().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_bytes().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_enum().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
+}
+
+template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0, EnumType enum_value1,
+          typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsSet(const MapMessage& message) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_int64_int64().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_uint32_uint32().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_uint64_uint64().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_sint32_sint32().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_sint64_sint64().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_float().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_double().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_bool_bool().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_string_string().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_bytes().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_enum().size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int64_int64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_float().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_double().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.map_bool_bool().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", message.map_string_string().at("0"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", message.map_int32_bytes().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value0, message.map_int32_enum().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(0).c());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int64_int64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_float().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_double().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.map_bool_bool().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", message.map_string_string().at("1"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", message.map_int32_bytes().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value1, message.map_int32_enum().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(1).c());
+}
+
+template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0, EnumType enum_value1,
+          typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(const MapMessage& message) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int64_int64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint32_uint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint64_uint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint32_sint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint64_sint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_float().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_double().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_bool_bool().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_string_string().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_bytes().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_enum().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_foreign_message_no_arena().size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int64_int64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_float().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_double().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.map_bool_bool().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", message.map_string_string().at("0"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", message.map_int32_bytes().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value0, message.map_int32_enum().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(0).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message_no_arena().at(0).c());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int64_int64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_float().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_double().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.map_bool_bool().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", message.map_string_string().at("1"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", message.map_int32_bytes().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value1, message.map_int32_enum().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(1).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_foreign_message_no_arena().at(1).c());
+}
+
+template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value, typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(const MapMessage& message) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int64_int64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint32_uint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint64_uint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint32_sint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint64_sint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_float().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_double().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_bool_bool().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_string_string().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_bytes().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_enum().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int64_int64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_float().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_double().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.map_bool_bool().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.map_string_string().at("0"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.map_int32_bytes().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value, message.map_int32_enum().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(0).ByteSize());
+}
+
+template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0, EnumType enum_value1,
+          typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsModified(const MapMessage& message) {
+  // ModifyMapFields only sets the second element of each field.  In addition to
+  // verifying this, we also verify that the first element and size were *not*
+  // modified.
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int64_int64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint32_uint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint64_uint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint32_sint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint64_sint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_float().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_double().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_bool_bool().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_string_string().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_bytes().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_enum().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int64_int64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_float().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_double().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.map_bool_bool().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", message.map_string_string().at("0"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", message.map_int32_bytes().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value0, message.map_int32_enum().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(0).c());
+
+  // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int64_int64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_float().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_double().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.map_bool_bool().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("2", message.map_string_string().at("1"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("2", message.map_int32_bytes().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value1, message.map_int32_enum().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(1).c());
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_TEST_UTIL_IMPL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d63a10c37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h
@@ -0,0 +1,807 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TYPE_HANDLER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TYPE_HANDLER_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/parse_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// Used for compile time type selection. MapIf::type will be TrueType if Flag is
+// true and FalseType otherwise.
+template <bool Flag, typename TrueType, typename FalseType>
+struct MapIf;
+
+template <typename TrueType, typename FalseType>
+struct MapIf<true, TrueType, FalseType> {
+  typedef TrueType type;
+};
+
+template <typename TrueType, typename FalseType>
+struct MapIf<false, TrueType, FalseType> {
+  typedef FalseType type;
+};
+
+// In proto2 Map, enum needs to be initialized to given default value, while
+// other types' default value can be inferred from the type.
+template <bool IsEnum, typename Type>
+class MapValueInitializer {
+ public:
+  static inline void Initialize(Type& type, int default_enum_value);
+};
+
+template <typename Type>
+class MapValueInitializer<true, Type> {
+ public:
+  static inline void Initialize(Type& value, int default_enum_value) {
+    value = static_cast<Type>(default_enum_value);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Type>
+class MapValueInitializer<false, Type> {
+ public:
+  static inline void Initialize(Type& /* value */,
+                                int /* default_enum_value */) {}
+};
+
+template <typename Type, bool is_arena_constructable>
+class MapArenaMessageCreator {
+ public:
+  // Use arena to create message if Type is arena constructable. Otherwise,
+  // create the message on heap.
+  static inline Type* CreateMessage(Arena* arena);
+};
+template <typename Type>
+class MapArenaMessageCreator<Type, true> {
+ public:
+  static inline Type* CreateMessage(Arena* arena) {
+    return Arena::CreateMessage<Type>(arena);
+  }
+};
+template <typename Type>
+class MapArenaMessageCreator<Type, false> {
+ public:
+  static inline Type* CreateMessage(Arena* arena) {
+    return Arena::Create<Type>(arena);
+  }
+};
+
+// Define constants for given wire field type
+template <WireFormatLite::FieldType field_type, typename Type>
+class MapWireFieldTypeTraits {};
+
+#define TYPE_TRAITS(FieldType, CType, WireFormatType, IsMessage, IsEnum)   \
+  template <typename Type>                                                 \
+  class MapWireFieldTypeTraits<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type> {   \
+   public:                                                                 \
+    static const bool kIsMessage = IsMessage;                              \
+    static const bool kIsEnum = IsEnum;                                    \
+    typedef typename MapIf<kIsMessage, Type*, CType>::type TypeOnMemory;   \
+    typedef typename MapIf<kIsEnum, int, Type>::type MapEntryAccessorType; \
+    static const WireFormatLite::WireType kWireType =                      \
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_##WireFormatType;                         \
+  };
+
+TYPE_TRAITS(MESSAGE, Type, LENGTH_DELIMITED, true, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(STRING, ArenaStringPtr, LENGTH_DELIMITED, false, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(BYTES, ArenaStringPtr, LENGTH_DELIMITED, false, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(INT64, int64, VARINT, false, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(UINT64, uint64, VARINT, false, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(INT32, int32, VARINT, false, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(UINT32, uint32, VARINT, false, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(SINT64, int64, VARINT, false, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(SINT32, int32, VARINT, false, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(ENUM, int, VARINT, false, true)
+TYPE_TRAITS(DOUBLE, double, FIXED64, false, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(FLOAT, float, FIXED32, false, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(FIXED64, uint64, FIXED64, false, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(FIXED32, uint32, FIXED32, false, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(SFIXED64, int64, FIXED64, false, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(SFIXED32, int32, FIXED32, false, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(BOOL, bool, VARINT, false, false)
+
+#undef TYPE_TRAITS
+
+template <WireFormatLite::FieldType field_type, typename Type>
+class MapTypeHandler {};
+
+template <typename Type>
+class MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type> {
+ public:
+  // Enum type cannot be used for MapTypeHandler::Read. Define a type which will
+  // replace Enum with int.
+  typedef typename MapWireFieldTypeTraits<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                                          Type>::MapEntryAccessorType
+      MapEntryAccessorType;
+  // Internal stored type in MapEntryLite for given wire field type.
+  typedef typename MapWireFieldTypeTraits<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                                          Type>::TypeOnMemory TypeOnMemory;
+  // Corresponding wire type for field type.
+  static const WireFormatLite::WireType kWireType =
+      MapWireFieldTypeTraits<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::kWireType;
+  // Whether wire type is for message.
+  static const bool kIsMessage =
+      MapWireFieldTypeTraits<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::kIsMessage;
+  // Whether wire type is for enum.
+  static const bool kIsEnum =
+      MapWireFieldTypeTraits<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::kIsEnum;
+
+  // Functions used in parsing and serialization. ===================
+  static inline size_t ByteSize(const MapEntryAccessorType& value);
+  static inline int GetCachedSize(const MapEntryAccessorType& value);
+  static inline bool Read(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                          MapEntryAccessorType* value);
+  static inline const char* Read(const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx,
+                                 MapEntryAccessorType* value);
+
+  static inline uint8* Write(int field, const MapEntryAccessorType& value,
+                             uint8* ptr, io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream);
+
+  // Functions to manipulate data on memory. ========================
+  static inline const Type& GetExternalReference(const Type* value);
+  static inline void DeleteNoArena(const Type* x);
+  static inline void Merge(const Type& from, Type** to, Arena* arena);
+  static inline void Clear(Type** value, Arena* arena);
+  static inline void ClearMaybeByDefaultEnum(Type** value, Arena* arena,
+                                             int default_enum_value);
+  static inline void Initialize(Type** x, Arena* arena);
+
+  static inline void InitializeMaybeByDefaultEnum(Type** x,
+                                                  int default_enum_value,
+                                                  Arena* arena);
+  static inline Type* EnsureMutable(Type** value, Arena* arena);
+  // SpaceUsedInMapEntry: Return bytes used by value in MapEntry, excluding
+  // those already calculate in sizeof(MapField).
+  static inline size_t SpaceUsedInMapEntryLong(const Type* value);
+  // Return bytes used by value in Map.
+  static inline size_t SpaceUsedInMapLong(const Type& value);
+  // Assign default value to given instance.
+  static inline void AssignDefaultValue(Type** value);
+  // Return default instance if value is not initialized when calling const
+  // reference accessor.
+  static inline const Type& DefaultIfNotInitialized(const Type* value,
+                                                    const Type* default_value);
+  // Check if all required fields have values set.
+  static inline bool IsInitialized(Type* value);
+};
+
+#define MAP_HANDLER(FieldType)                                                \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  class MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type> {              \
+   public:                                                                    \
+    typedef typename MapWireFieldTypeTraits<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, \
+                                            Type>::MapEntryAccessorType       \
+        MapEntryAccessorType;                                                 \
+    typedef typename MapWireFieldTypeTraits<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, \
+                                            Type>::TypeOnMemory TypeOnMemory; \
+    static const WireFormatLite::WireType kWireType =                         \
+        MapWireFieldTypeTraits<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType,              \
+                               Type>::kWireType;                              \
+    static const bool kIsMessage =                                            \
+        MapWireFieldTypeTraits<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType,              \
+                               Type>::kIsMessage;                             \
+    static const bool kIsEnum =                                               \
+        MapWireFieldTypeTraits<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType,              \
+                               Type>::kIsEnum;                                \
+    static inline int ByteSize(const MapEntryAccessorType& value);            \
+    static inline int GetCachedSize(const MapEntryAccessorType& value);       \
+    static inline bool Read(io::CodedInputStream* input,                      \
+                            MapEntryAccessorType* value);                     \
+    static inline const char* Read(const char* begin, ParseContext* ctx,      \
+                                   MapEntryAccessorType* value);              \
+    static inline uint8* Write(int field, const MapEntryAccessorType& value,  \
+                               uint8* ptr, io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream);  \
+    static inline const MapEntryAccessorType& GetExternalReference(           \
+        const TypeOnMemory& value);                                           \
+    static inline void DeleteNoArena(const TypeOnMemory& x);                  \
+    static inline void Merge(const MapEntryAccessorType& from,                \
+                             TypeOnMemory* to, Arena* arena);                 \
+    static inline void Clear(TypeOnMemory* value, Arena* arena);              \
+    static inline void ClearMaybeByDefaultEnum(TypeOnMemory* value,           \
+                                               Arena* arena,                  \
+                                               int default_enum);             \
+    static inline size_t SpaceUsedInMapEntryLong(const TypeOnMemory& value);  \
+    static inline size_t SpaceUsedInMapLong(const TypeOnMemory& value);       \
+    static inline size_t SpaceUsedInMapLong(const std::string& value);        \
+    static inline void AssignDefaultValue(TypeOnMemory* value);               \
+    static inline const MapEntryAccessorType& DefaultIfNotInitialized(        \
+        const TypeOnMemory& value, const TypeOnMemory& default_value);        \
+    static inline bool IsInitialized(const TypeOnMemory& value);              \
+    static void DeleteNoArena(TypeOnMemory& value);                           \
+    static inline void Initialize(TypeOnMemory* value, Arena* arena);         \
+    static inline void InitializeMaybeByDefaultEnum(TypeOnMemory* value,      \
+                                                    int default_enum_value,   \
+                                                    Arena* arena);            \
+    static inline MapEntryAccessorType* EnsureMutable(TypeOnMemory* value,    \
+                                                      Arena* arena);          \
+  };
+MAP_HANDLER(STRING)
+MAP_HANDLER(BYTES)
+MAP_HANDLER(INT64)
+MAP_HANDLER(UINT64)
+MAP_HANDLER(INT32)
+MAP_HANDLER(UINT32)
+MAP_HANDLER(SINT64)
+MAP_HANDLER(SINT32)
+MAP_HANDLER(ENUM)
+MAP_HANDLER(DOUBLE)
+MAP_HANDLER(FLOAT)
+MAP_HANDLER(FIXED64)
+MAP_HANDLER(FIXED32)
+MAP_HANDLER(SFIXED64)
+MAP_HANDLER(SFIXED32)
+MAP_HANDLER(BOOL)
+#undef MAP_HANDLER
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline size_t MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::ByteSize(
+    const MapEntryAccessorType& value) {
+  return WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(value);
+}
+
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_BYTE_SIZE(FieldType, DeclaredType)                     \
+  template <typename Type>                                                     \
+  inline int MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::ByteSize( \
+      const MapEntryAccessorType& value) {                                     \
+    return static_cast<int>(WireFormatLite::DeclaredType##Size(value));        \
+  }
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_BYTE_SIZE(STRING, String)
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_BYTE_SIZE(BYTES, Bytes)
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_BYTE_SIZE(INT64, Int64)
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_BYTE_SIZE(UINT64, UInt64)
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_BYTE_SIZE(INT32, Int32)
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_BYTE_SIZE(UINT32, UInt32)
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_BYTE_SIZE(SINT64, SInt64)
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_BYTE_SIZE(SINT32, SInt32)
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_BYTE_SIZE(ENUM, Enum)
+
+#undef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_BYTE_SIZE
+
+#define FIXED_BYTE_SIZE(FieldType, DeclaredType)                               \
+  template <typename Type>                                                     \
+  inline int MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::ByteSize( \
+      const MapEntryAccessorType& /* value */) {                               \
+    return WireFormatLite::k##DeclaredType##Size;                              \
+  }
+
+FIXED_BYTE_SIZE(DOUBLE, Double)
+FIXED_BYTE_SIZE(FLOAT, Float)
+FIXED_BYTE_SIZE(FIXED64, Fixed64)
+FIXED_BYTE_SIZE(FIXED32, Fixed32)
+FIXED_BYTE_SIZE(SFIXED64, SFixed64)
+FIXED_BYTE_SIZE(SFIXED32, SFixed32)
+FIXED_BYTE_SIZE(BOOL, Bool)
+
+#undef FIXED_BYTE_SIZE
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline int MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::GetCachedSize(
+    const MapEntryAccessorType& value) {
+  return static_cast<int>(WireFormatLite::LengthDelimitedSize(
+      static_cast<size_t>(value.GetCachedSize())));
+}
+
+#define GET_CACHED_SIZE(FieldType, DeclaredType)                         \
+  template <typename Type>                                               \
+  inline int                                                             \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::GetCachedSize( \
+      const MapEntryAccessorType& value) {                               \
+    return static_cast<int>(WireFormatLite::DeclaredType##Size(value));  \
+  }
+
+GET_CACHED_SIZE(STRING, String)
+GET_CACHED_SIZE(BYTES, Bytes)
+GET_CACHED_SIZE(INT64, Int64)
+GET_CACHED_SIZE(UINT64, UInt64)
+GET_CACHED_SIZE(INT32, Int32)
+GET_CACHED_SIZE(UINT32, UInt32)
+GET_CACHED_SIZE(SINT64, SInt64)
+GET_CACHED_SIZE(SINT32, SInt32)
+GET_CACHED_SIZE(ENUM, Enum)
+
+#undef GET_CACHED_SIZE
+
+#define GET_FIXED_CACHED_SIZE(FieldType, DeclaredType)                   \
+  template <typename Type>                                               \
+  inline int                                                             \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::GetCachedSize( \
+      const MapEntryAccessorType& /* value */) {                         \
+    return WireFormatLite::k##DeclaredType##Size;                        \
+  }
+
+GET_FIXED_CACHED_SIZE(DOUBLE, Double)
+GET_FIXED_CACHED_SIZE(FLOAT, Float)
+GET_FIXED_CACHED_SIZE(FIXED64, Fixed64)
+GET_FIXED_CACHED_SIZE(FIXED32, Fixed32)
+GET_FIXED_CACHED_SIZE(SFIXED64, SFixed64)
+GET_FIXED_CACHED_SIZE(SFIXED32, SFixed32)
+GET_FIXED_CACHED_SIZE(BOOL, Bool)
+
+#undef GET_FIXED_CACHED_SIZE
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline uint8* MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::Write(
+    int field, const MapEntryAccessorType& value, uint8* ptr,
+    io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {
+  ptr = stream->EnsureSpace(ptr);
+  return WireFormatLite::InternalWriteMessage(field, value, ptr, stream);
+}
+
+#define WRITE_METHOD(FieldType, DeclaredType)                                  \
+  template <typename Type>                                                     \
+  inline uint8* MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::Write( \
+      int field, const MapEntryAccessorType& value, uint8* ptr,                \
+      io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {                                       \
+    ptr = stream->EnsureSpace(ptr);                                            \
+    return stream->Write##DeclaredType(field, value, ptr);                     \
+  }
+
+WRITE_METHOD(STRING, String)
+WRITE_METHOD(BYTES, Bytes)
+
+#undef WRITE_METHOD
+#define WRITE_METHOD(FieldType, DeclaredType)                                  \
+  template <typename Type>                                                     \
+  inline uint8* MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::Write( \
+      int field, const MapEntryAccessorType& value, uint8* ptr,                \
+      io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {                                       \
+    ptr = stream->EnsureSpace(ptr);                                            \
+    return WireFormatLite::Write##DeclaredType##ToArray(field, value, ptr);    \
+  }
+
+WRITE_METHOD(INT64, Int64)
+WRITE_METHOD(UINT64, UInt64)
+WRITE_METHOD(INT32, Int32)
+WRITE_METHOD(UINT32, UInt32)
+WRITE_METHOD(SINT64, SInt64)
+WRITE_METHOD(SINT32, SInt32)
+WRITE_METHOD(ENUM, Enum)
+WRITE_METHOD(DOUBLE, Double)
+WRITE_METHOD(FLOAT, Float)
+WRITE_METHOD(FIXED64, Fixed64)
+WRITE_METHOD(FIXED32, Fixed32)
+WRITE_METHOD(SFIXED64, SFixed64)
+WRITE_METHOD(SFIXED32, SFixed32)
+WRITE_METHOD(BOOL, Bool)
+
+#undef WRITE_METHOD
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline bool MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::Read(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, MapEntryAccessorType* value) {
+  return WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(input, value);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline bool MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING, Type>::Read(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, MapEntryAccessorType* value) {
+  return WireFormatLite::ReadString(input, value);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline bool MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES, Type>::Read(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, MapEntryAccessorType* value) {
+  return WireFormatLite::ReadBytes(input, value);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+const char* MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::Read(
+    const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx, MapEntryAccessorType* value) {
+  return ctx->ParseMessage(value, ptr);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+const char* MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING, Type>::Read(
+    const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx, MapEntryAccessorType* value) {
+  int size = ReadSize(&ptr);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+  return ctx->ReadString(ptr, size, value);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+const char* MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES, Type>::Read(
+    const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx, MapEntryAccessorType* value) {
+  int size = ReadSize(&ptr);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+  return ctx->ReadString(ptr, size, value);
+}
+
+inline const char* ReadINT64(const char* ptr, int64* value) {
+  return VarintParse(ptr, reinterpret_cast<uint64*>(value));
+}
+inline const char* ReadUINT64(const char* ptr, uint64* value) {
+  return VarintParse(ptr, value);
+}
+inline const char* ReadINT32(const char* ptr, int32* value) {
+  return VarintParse(ptr, reinterpret_cast<uint32*>(value));
+}
+inline const char* ReadUINT32(const char* ptr, uint32* value) {
+  return VarintParse(ptr, value);
+}
+inline const char* ReadSINT64(const char* ptr, int64* value) {
+  *value = ReadVarintZigZag64(&ptr);
+  return ptr;
+}
+inline const char* ReadSINT32(const char* ptr, int32* value) {
+  *value = ReadVarintZigZag32(&ptr);
+  return ptr;
+}
+template <typename E>
+inline const char* ReadENUM(const char* ptr, E* value) {
+  *value = static_cast<E>(ReadVarint(&ptr));
+  return ptr;
+}
+inline const char* ReadBOOL(const char* ptr, bool* value) {
+  *value = static_cast<bool>(ReadVarint(&ptr));
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+template <typename F>
+inline const char* ReadUnaligned(const char* ptr, F* value) {
+  *value = UnalignedLoad<F>(ptr);
+  return ptr + sizeof(F);
+}
+inline const char* ReadFLOAT(const char* ptr, float* value) {
+  return ReadUnaligned(ptr, value);
+}
+inline const char* ReadDOUBLE(const char* ptr, double* value) {
+  return ReadUnaligned(ptr, value);
+}
+inline const char* ReadFIXED64(const char* ptr, uint64* value) {
+  return ReadUnaligned(ptr, value);
+}
+inline const char* ReadFIXED32(const char* ptr, uint32* value) {
+  return ReadUnaligned(ptr, value);
+}
+inline const char* ReadSFIXED64(const char* ptr, int64* value) {
+  return ReadUnaligned(ptr, value);
+}
+inline const char* ReadSFIXED32(const char* ptr, int32* value) {
+  return ReadUnaligned(ptr, value);
+}
+
+#define READ_METHOD(FieldType)                                              \
+  template <typename Type>                                                  \
+  inline bool MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::Read( \
+      io::CodedInputStream* input, MapEntryAccessorType* value) {           \
+    return WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<TypeOnMemory,                      \
+                                         WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType>( \
+        input, value);                                                      \
+  }                                                                         \
+  template <typename Type>                                                  \
+  const char* MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::Read( \
+      const char* begin, ParseContext* ctx, MapEntryAccessorType* value) {  \
+    (void)ctx;                                                              \
+    return Read##FieldType(begin, value);                                   \
+  }
+
+READ_METHOD(INT64)
+READ_METHOD(UINT64)
+READ_METHOD(INT32)
+READ_METHOD(UINT32)
+READ_METHOD(SINT64)
+READ_METHOD(SINT32)
+READ_METHOD(ENUM)
+READ_METHOD(DOUBLE)
+READ_METHOD(FLOAT)
+READ_METHOD(FIXED64)
+READ_METHOD(FIXED32)
+READ_METHOD(SFIXED64)
+READ_METHOD(SFIXED32)
+READ_METHOD(BOOL)
+
+#undef READ_METHOD
+
+// Definition for message handler
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline const Type&
+MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::GetExternalReference(
+    const Type* value) {
+  return *value;
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline size_t MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                             Type>::SpaceUsedInMapEntryLong(const Type* value) {
+  return value->SpaceUsedLong();
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+size_t MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::SpaceUsedInMapLong(
+    const Type& value) {
+  return value.SpaceUsedLong();
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::Clear(
+    Type** value, Arena* /* arena */) {
+  if (*value != NULL) (*value)->Clear();
+}
+template <typename Type>
+inline void
+MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::ClearMaybeByDefaultEnum(
+    Type** value, Arena* /* arena */, int /* default_enum_value */) {
+  if (*value != NULL) (*value)->Clear();
+}
+template <typename Type>
+inline void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::Merge(
+    const Type& from, Type** to, Arena* /* arena */) {
+  (*to)->MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::DeleteNoArena(
+    const Type* ptr) {
+  delete ptr;
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                           Type>::AssignDefaultValue(Type** value) {
+  *value = const_cast<Type*>(Type::internal_default_instance());
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::Initialize(
+    Type** x, Arena* /* arena */) {
+  *x = NULL;
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::
+    InitializeMaybeByDefaultEnum(Type** x, int /* default_enum_value */,
+                                 Arena* /* arena */) {
+  *x = NULL;
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline Type* MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::EnsureMutable(
+    Type** value, Arena* arena) {
+  if (*value == NULL) {
+    *value = MapArenaMessageCreator<
+        Type,
+        Arena::is_arena_constructable<Type>::type::value>::CreateMessage(arena);
+  }
+  return *value;
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline const Type&
+MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::DefaultIfNotInitialized(
+    const Type* value, const Type* default_value) {
+  return value != NULL ? *value : *default_value;
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+inline bool MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::IsInitialized(
+    Type* value) {
+  return value ? value->IsInitialized() : false;
+}
+
+// Definition for string/bytes handler
+
+#define STRING_OR_BYTES_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(FieldType)                          \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline const typename MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType,      \
+                                       Type>::MapEntryAccessorType&           \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType,                            \
+                 Type>::GetExternalReference(const TypeOnMemory& value) {     \
+    return value.Get();                                                       \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline size_t                                                               \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType,                            \
+                 Type>::SpaceUsedInMapEntryLong(const TypeOnMemory& value) {  \
+    return sizeof(value);                                                     \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline size_t                                                               \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::SpaceUsedInMapLong( \
+      const TypeOnMemory& value) {                                            \
+    return sizeof(value);                                                     \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline size_t                                                               \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::SpaceUsedInMapLong( \
+      const std::string& value) {                                             \
+    return sizeof(value);                                                     \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::Clear(  \
+      TypeOnMemory* value, Arena* arena) {                                    \
+    value->ClearToEmpty(&internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), arena);     \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::        \
+      ClearMaybeByDefaultEnum(TypeOnMemory* value, Arena* arena,              \
+                              int /* default_enum */) {                       \
+    Clear(value, arena);                                                      \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::Merge(  \
+      const MapEntryAccessorType& from, TypeOnMemory* to, Arena* arena) {     \
+    to->Set(&internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from, arena);           \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::DeleteNoArena( \
+      TypeOnMemory& value) {                                                  \
+    value.DestroyNoArena(&internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());           \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline void                                                                 \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::AssignDefaultValue( \
+      TypeOnMemory* /* value */) {}                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline void                                                                 \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::Initialize(         \
+      TypeOnMemory* value, Arena* /* arena */) {                              \
+    value->UnsafeSetDefault(&internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());        \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::        \
+      InitializeMaybeByDefaultEnum(                                           \
+          TypeOnMemory* value, int /* default_enum_value */, Arena* arena) {  \
+    Initialize(value, arena);                                                 \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline typename MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType,            \
+                                 Type>::MapEntryAccessorType*                 \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::EnsureMutable(      \
+      TypeOnMemory* value, Arena* arena) {                                    \
+    return value->Mutable(&internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), arena);   \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline const typename MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType,      \
+                                       Type>::MapEntryAccessorType&           \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::                    \
+      DefaultIfNotInitialized(const TypeOnMemory& value,                      \
+                              const TypeOnMemory& /* default_value */) {      \
+    return value.Get();                                                       \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline bool                                                                 \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::IsInitialized(      \
+      const TypeOnMemory& /* value */) {                                      \
+    return true;                                                              \
+  }
+STRING_OR_BYTES_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(STRING)
+STRING_OR_BYTES_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(BYTES)
+#undef STRING_OR_BYTES_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS
+
+#define PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(FieldType)                                \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline const typename MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType,      \
+                                       Type>::MapEntryAccessorType&           \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType,                            \
+                 Type>::GetExternalReference(const TypeOnMemory& value) {     \
+    return value;                                                             \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline size_t MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::      \
+      SpaceUsedInMapEntryLong(const TypeOnMemory& /* value */) {              \
+    return 0;                                                                 \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline size_t                                                               \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::SpaceUsedInMapLong( \
+      const TypeOnMemory& /* value */) {                                      \
+    return sizeof(Type);                                                      \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::Clear(  \
+      TypeOnMemory* value, Arena* /* arena */) {                              \
+    *value = 0;                                                               \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::        \
+      ClearMaybeByDefaultEnum(TypeOnMemory* value, Arena* /* arena */,        \
+                              int default_enum_value) {                       \
+    *value = static_cast<TypeOnMemory>(default_enum_value);                   \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::Merge(  \
+      const MapEntryAccessorType& from, TypeOnMemory* to,                     \
+      Arena* /* arena */) {                                                   \
+    *to = from;                                                               \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType,                \
+                             Type>::DeleteNoArena(TypeOnMemory& /* x */) {}   \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline void                                                                 \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::AssignDefaultValue( \
+      TypeOnMemory* /* value */) {}                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline void                                                                 \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::Initialize(         \
+      TypeOnMemory* value, Arena* /* arena */) {                              \
+    *value = 0;                                                               \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline void MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::        \
+      InitializeMaybeByDefaultEnum(                                           \
+          TypeOnMemory* value, int default_enum_value, Arena* /* arena */) {  \
+    *value = static_cast<TypeOnMemory>(default_enum_value);                   \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline typename MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType,            \
+                                 Type>::MapEntryAccessorType*                 \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::EnsureMutable(      \
+      TypeOnMemory* value, Arena* /* arena */) {                              \
+    return value;                                                             \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline const typename MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType,      \
+                                       Type>::MapEntryAccessorType&           \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::                    \
+      DefaultIfNotInitialized(const TypeOnMemory& value,                      \
+                              const TypeOnMemory& /* default_value */) {      \
+    return value;                                                             \
+  }                                                                           \
+  template <typename Type>                                                    \
+  inline bool                                                                 \
+  MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType, Type>::IsInitialized(      \
+      const TypeOnMemory& /* value */) {                                      \
+    return true;                                                              \
+  }
+PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(INT64)
+PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(UINT64)
+PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(INT32)
+PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(UINT32)
+PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(SINT64)
+PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(SINT32)
+PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(ENUM)
+PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(DOUBLE)
+PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(FLOAT)
+PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(FIXED64)
+PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(FIXED32)
+PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(SFIXED64)
+PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(SFIXED32)
+PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS(BOOL)
+#undef PRIMITIVE_HANDLER_FUNCTIONS
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TYPE_HANDLER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_unittest.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_unittest.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..836dc10b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_unittest.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In map_test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// Tests maps.
+message TestMap {
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 1;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 2;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 3;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 4;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 5;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 6;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 7;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 10;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 11;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 12;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 13;
+  map<string  , string  > map_string_string     = 14;
+  map<int32   , bytes   > map_int32_bytes       = 15;
+  map<int32   , MapEnum > map_int32_enum        = 16;
+  map<int32   , ForeignMessage> map_int32_foreign_message = 17;
+  map<string  , ForeignMessage> map_string_foreign_message = 18;
+  map<int32   , TestAllTypes> map_int32_all_types = 19;
+}
+
+message TestMapSubmessage {
+  TestMap test_map = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMessageMap {
+  map<int32, TestAllTypes> map_int32_message = 1;
+}
+
+// Two map fields share the same entry default instance.
+message TestSameTypeMap {
+  map<int32, int32> map1 = 1;
+  map<int32, int32> map2 = 2;
+}
+
+
+enum MapEnum {
+  MAP_ENUM_FOO = 0;
+  MAP_ENUM_BAR = 1;
+  MAP_ENUM_BAZ = 2;
+}
+
+// Test embedded message with required fields
+message TestRequiredMessageMap {
+  map<int32, TestRequired> map_field = 1;
+}
+
+message TestArenaMap {
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 1;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 2;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 3;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 4;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 5;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 6;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 7;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 10;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 11;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 12;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 13;
+  map<string  , string  > map_string_string     = 14;
+  map<int32   , bytes   > map_int32_bytes       = 15;
+  map<int32   , MapEnum > map_int32_enum        = 16;
+  map<int32   , ForeignMessage> map_int32_foreign_message = 17;
+  map<int32, .protobuf_unittest_no_arena.ForeignMessage>
+      map_int32_foreign_message_no_arena = 18;
+}
+
+// Previously, message containing enum called Type cannot be used as value of
+// map field.
+message MessageContainingEnumCalledType {
+  enum Type {
+    TYPE_FOO = 0;
+  }
+  map<string, MessageContainingEnumCalledType> type = 1;
+}
+
+// Previously, message cannot contain map field called "entry".
+message MessageContainingMapCalledEntry {
+  map<int32, int32> entry = 1;
+}
+
+message TestRecursiveMapMessage {
+  map<string, TestRecursiveMapMessage> a = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d768b953
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,735 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <stack>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/parse_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_internal.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// TODO(gerbens) make this factorized better. This should not have to hop
+// to reflection. Currently uses GeneratedMessageReflection and thus is
+// defined in generated_message_reflection.cc
+void RegisterFileLevelMetadata(const DescriptorTable* descriptor_table);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+using internal::ReflectionOps;
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+void Message::MergeFrom(const Message& from) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = GetDescriptor();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(from.GetDescriptor(), descriptor)
+      << ": Tried to merge from a message with a different type.  "
+         "to: "
+      << descriptor->full_name()
+      << ", "
+         "from: "
+      << from.GetDescriptor()->full_name();
+  ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+}
+
+void Message::CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(const MessageLite& other) {
+  MergeFrom(*down_cast<const Message*>(&other));
+}
+
+void Message::CopyFrom(const Message& from) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = GetDescriptor();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(from.GetDescriptor(), descriptor)
+      << ": Tried to copy from a message with a different type. "
+         "to: "
+      << descriptor->full_name()
+      << ", "
+         "from: "
+      << from.GetDescriptor()->full_name();
+  ReflectionOps::Copy(from, this);
+}
+
+std::string Message::GetTypeName() const {
+  return GetDescriptor()->full_name();
+}
+
+void Message::Clear() { ReflectionOps::Clear(this); }
+
+bool Message::IsInitialized() const {
+  return ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(*this);
+}
+
+void Message::FindInitializationErrors(std::vector<std::string>* errors) const {
+  return ReflectionOps::FindInitializationErrors(*this, "", errors);
+}
+
+std::string Message::InitializationErrorString() const {
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+  FindInitializationErrors(&errors);
+  return Join(errors, ", ");
+}
+
+void Message::CheckInitialized() const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(IsInitialized()) << "Message of type \"" << GetDescriptor()->full_name()
+                         << "\" is missing required fields: "
+                         << InitializationErrorString();
+}
+
+void Message::DiscardUnknownFields() {
+  return ReflectionOps::DiscardUnknownFields(this);
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+class ReflectionAccessor {
+ public:
+  static void* GetOffset(void* msg, const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* f,
+                         const google::protobuf::Reflection* r) {
+    return static_cast<char*>(msg) + r->schema_.GetFieldOffset(f);
+  }
+
+  static void* GetRepeatedEnum(const Reflection* reflection,
+                               const FieldDescriptor* field, Message* msg) {
+    return reflection->MutableRawRepeatedField(
+        msg, field, FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM, 0, nullptr);
+  }
+
+  static InternalMetadataWithArena* MutableInternalMetadataWithArena(
+      const Reflection* reflection, Message* msg) {
+    return reflection->MutableInternalMetadataWithArena(msg);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+void SetField(uint64 val, const FieldDescriptor* field, Message* msg,
+              const Reflection* reflection) {
+#define STORE_TYPE(CPPTYPE_METHOD)                        \
+  do                                                      \
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {                           \
+      reflection->Add##CPPTYPE_METHOD(msg, field, value); \
+    } else {                                              \
+      reflection->Set##CPPTYPE_METHOD(msg, field, value); \
+    }                                                     \
+  while (0)
+
+  switch (field->type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(TYPE, CPPTYPE, CPPTYPE_METHOD) \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##TYPE: {             \
+    CPPTYPE value = val;                           \
+    STORE_TYPE(CPPTYPE_METHOD);                    \
+    break;                                         \
+  }
+
+    // Varints
+    HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32, Int32)
+    HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64, Int64)
+    HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32, UInt32)
+    HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64, UInt64)
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32: {
+      int32 value = WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode32(val);
+      STORE_TYPE(Int32);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64: {
+      int64 value = WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode64(val);
+      STORE_TYPE(Int64);
+      break;
+    }
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool, Bool)
+
+      // Fixed
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED32, uint32, UInt32)
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED64, uint64, UInt64)
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED32, int32, Int32)
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED64, int64, Int64)
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      float value;
+      uint32 bit_rep = val;
+      std::memcpy(&value, &bit_rep, sizeof(value));
+      STORE_TYPE(Float);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      double value;
+      uint64 bit_rep = val;
+      std::memcpy(&value, &bit_rep, sizeof(value));
+      STORE_TYPE(Double);
+      break;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM: {
+      int value = val;
+      if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        reflection->AddEnumValue(msg, field, value);
+      } else {
+        reflection->SetEnumValue(msg, field, value);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Error in descriptors, primitve field with field type "
+                 << field->type();
+  }
+#undef STORE_TYPE
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+}
+
+bool ReflectiveValidator(const void* arg, int val) {
+  auto d = static_cast<const EnumDescriptor*>(arg);
+  return d->FindValueByNumber(val) != nullptr;
+}
+
+const char* ParsePackedField(const FieldDescriptor* field, Message* msg,
+                             const Reflection* reflection, const char* ptr,
+                             internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+  switch (field->type()) {
+#define HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(TYPE, CPPTYPE, METHOD_NAME)                      \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##TYPE:                                        \
+    return internal::Packed##METHOD_NAME##Parser(                           \
+        reflection->MutableRepeatedFieldInternal<CPPTYPE>(msg, field), ptr, \
+        ctx)
+    HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(INT32, int32, Int32);
+    HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(INT64, int64, Int64);
+    HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(SINT32, int32, SInt32);
+    HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(SINT64, int64, SInt64);
+    HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(UINT32, uint32, UInt32);
+    HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(UINT64, uint64, UInt64);
+    HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(BOOL, bool, Bool);
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM: {
+      auto object =
+          internal::ReflectionAccessor::GetRepeatedEnum(reflection, field, msg);
+      if (field->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+        return internal::PackedEnumParser(object, ptr, ctx);
+      } else {
+        return internal::PackedEnumParserArg(
+            object, ptr, ctx, ReflectiveValidator, field->enum_type(),
+            internal::ReflectionAccessor::MutableInternalMetadataWithArena(
+                reflection, msg),
+            field->number());
+      }
+    }
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(FIXED32, uint32, Fixed32);
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(FIXED64, uint64, Fixed64);
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(SFIXED32, int32, SFixed32);
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(SFIXED64, int64, SFixed64);
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(FLOAT, float, Float);
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(DOUBLE, double, Double);
+#undef HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE
+
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Type is not packable " << field->type();
+      return nullptr;  // Make compiler happy
+  }
+}
+
+const char* ParseLenDelim(int field_number, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                          Message* msg, const Reflection* reflection,
+                          const char* ptr, internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+  if (WireFormat::WireTypeForFieldType(field->type()) !=
+      WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(field->is_packable());
+    return ParsePackedField(field, msg, reflection, ptr, ctx);
+  }
+  enum { kNone = 0, kVerify, kStrict } utf8_level = kNone;
+  const char* field_name = nullptr;
+  auto parse_string = [ptr, ctx, &utf8_level,
+                       &field_name](std::string* s) -> const char* {
+    auto res = internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(s, ptr, ctx);
+    if (utf8_level != kNone) {
+      if (!internal::VerifyUTF8(s, field_name) && utf8_level == kStrict) {
+        return nullptr;
+      }
+    }
+    return res;
+  };
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING: {
+      bool enforce_utf8 = true;
+      bool utf8_verification = true;
+      if (enforce_utf8 &&
+          field->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+        utf8_level = kStrict;
+      } else if (utf8_verification) {
+        utf8_level = kVerify;
+      }
+      field_name = field->full_name().c_str();
+      PROTOBUF_FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES: {
+      if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        int index = reflection->FieldSize(*msg, field);
+        // Add new empty value.
+        reflection->AddString(msg, field, "");
+        if (field->options().ctype() == FieldOptions::STRING ||
+            field->is_extension()) {
+          auto object =
+              reflection
+                  ->MutableRepeatedPtrFieldInternal<std::string>(msg, field)
+                  ->Mutable(index);
+          return parse_string(object);
+        } else {
+          auto object =
+              reflection
+                  ->MutableRepeatedPtrFieldInternal<std::string>(msg, field)
+                  ->Mutable(index);
+          return parse_string(object);
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Clear value and make sure it's set.
+        reflection->SetString(msg, field, "");
+        if (field->options().ctype() == FieldOptions::STRING ||
+            field->is_extension()) {
+          // HACK around inability to get mutable_string in reflection
+          std::string* object = &const_cast<std::string&>(
+              reflection->GetStringReference(*msg, field, nullptr));
+          return parse_string(object);
+        } else {
+          // HACK around inability to get mutable_string in reflection
+          std::string* object = &const_cast<std::string&>(
+              reflection->GetStringReference(*msg, field, nullptr));
+          return parse_string(object);
+        }
+      }
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "No other type than string supported";
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      Message* object;
+      if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        object = reflection->AddMessage(msg, field, ctx->data().factory);
+      } else {
+        object = reflection->MutableMessage(msg, field, ctx->data().factory);
+      }
+      return ctx->ParseMessage(object, ptr);
+    }
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Wrong type for length delim " << field->type();
+  }
+  return nullptr;  // Make compiler happy.
+}
+
+Message* GetGroup(int field_number, const FieldDescriptor* field, Message* msg,
+                  const Reflection* reflection) {
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    return reflection->AddMessage(msg, field, nullptr);
+  } else {
+    return reflection->MutableMessage(msg, field, nullptr);
+  }
+}
+
+const char* Message::_InternalParse(const char* ptr,
+                                    internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+  class ReflectiveFieldParser {
+   public:
+    ReflectiveFieldParser(Message* msg, internal::ParseContext* ctx)
+        : ReflectiveFieldParser(msg, ctx, false) {}
+
+    void AddVarint(uint32 num, uint64 value) {
+      if (is_item_ && num == 2) {
+        if (!payload_.empty()) {
+          auto field = Field(value, 2);
+          if (field && field->message_type()) {
+            auto child = reflection_->MutableMessage(msg_, field);
+            // TODO(gerbens) signal error
+            child->ParsePartialFromString(payload_);
+          } else {
+            MutableUnknown()->AddLengthDelimited(value)->swap(payload_);
+          }
+          return;
+        }
+        type_id_ = value;
+        return;
+      }
+      auto field = Field(num, 0);
+      if (field) {
+        SetField(value, field, msg_, reflection_);
+      } else {
+        MutableUnknown()->AddVarint(num, value);
+      }
+    }
+    void AddFixed64(uint32 num, uint64 value) {
+      auto field = Field(num, 1);
+      if (field) {
+        SetField(value, field, msg_, reflection_);
+      } else {
+        MutableUnknown()->AddFixed64(num, value);
+      }
+    }
+    const char* ParseLengthDelimited(uint32 num, const char* ptr,
+                                     internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+      if (is_item_ && num == 3) {
+        if (type_id_ == 0) {
+          return InlineGreedyStringParser(&payload_, ptr, ctx);
+        }
+        num = type_id_;
+        type_id_ = 0;
+      }
+      auto field = Field(num, 2);
+      if (field) {
+        return ParseLenDelim(num, field, msg_, reflection_, ptr, ctx);
+      } else {
+        return InlineGreedyStringParser(
+            MutableUnknown()->AddLengthDelimited(num), ptr, ctx);
+      }
+    }
+    const char* ParseGroup(uint32 num, const char* ptr,
+                           internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+      if (!is_item_ && descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format() &&
+          num == 1) {
+        is_item_ = true;
+        ptr = ctx->ParseGroup(this, ptr, num * 8 + 3);
+        is_item_ = false;
+        type_id_ = 0;
+        return ptr;
+      }
+      auto field = Field(num, 3);
+      if (field) {
+        auto msg = GetGroup(num, field, msg_, reflection_);
+        return ctx->ParseGroup(msg, ptr, num * 8 + 3);
+      } else {
+        return UnknownFieldParse(num * 8 + 3, MutableUnknown(), ptr, ctx);
+      }
+    }
+    void AddFixed32(uint32 num, uint32 value) {
+      auto field = Field(num, 5);
+      if (field) {
+        SetField(value, field, msg_, reflection_);
+      } else {
+        MutableUnknown()->AddFixed32(num, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+      // We're parsing the a MessageSetItem
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(is_item_);
+      return internal::WireFormatParser(*this, ptr, ctx);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Message* msg_;
+    const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+    const Reflection* reflection_;
+    internal::ParseContext* ctx_;
+    UnknownFieldSet* unknown_ = nullptr;
+    bool is_item_ = false;
+    uint32 type_id_ = 0;
+    std::string payload_;
+
+    ReflectiveFieldParser(Message* msg, internal::ParseContext* ctx,
+                          bool is_item)
+        : msg_(msg),
+          descriptor_(msg->GetDescriptor()),
+          reflection_(msg->GetReflection()),
+          ctx_(ctx),
+          is_item_(is_item) {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(descriptor_) << msg->GetTypeName();
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(reflection_) << msg->GetTypeName();
+    }
+
+    const FieldDescriptor* Field(int num, int wire_type) {
+      auto field = descriptor_->FindFieldByNumber(num);
+
+      // If that failed, check if the field is an extension.
+      if (field == nullptr && descriptor_->IsExtensionNumber(num)) {
+        const DescriptorPool* pool = ctx_->data().pool;
+        if (pool == nullptr) {
+          field = reflection_->FindKnownExtensionByNumber(num);
+        } else {
+          field = pool->FindExtensionByNumber(descriptor_, num);
+        }
+      }
+      if (field == nullptr) return nullptr;
+
+      if (internal::WireFormat::WireTypeForFieldType(field->type()) !=
+          wire_type) {
+        if (field->is_packable()) {
+          if (wire_type ==
+              internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+            return field;
+          }
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+      }
+      return field;
+    }
+
+    UnknownFieldSet* MutableUnknown() {
+      if (unknown_) return unknown_;
+      return unknown_ = reflection_->MutableUnknownFields(msg_);
+    }
+  };
+
+  ReflectiveFieldParser field_parser(this, ctx);
+  return internal::WireFormatParser(field_parser, ptr, ctx);
+}
+
+uint8* Message::_InternalSerialize(uint8* target,
+                                   io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  return WireFormat::_InternalSerialize(*this, target, stream);
+}
+
+size_t Message::ByteSizeLong() const {
+  size_t size = WireFormat::ByteSize(*this);
+  SetCachedSize(internal::ToCachedSize(size));
+  return size;
+}
+
+void Message::SetCachedSize(int /* size */) const {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Message class \"" << GetDescriptor()->full_name()
+             << "\" implements neither SetCachedSize() nor ByteSize().  "
+                "Must implement one or the other.";
+}
+
+size_t Message::SpaceUsedLong() const {
+  return GetReflection()->SpaceUsedLong(*this);
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// MessageFactory
+
+MessageFactory::~MessageFactory() {}
+
+namespace {
+
+class GeneratedMessageFactory : public MessageFactory {
+ public:
+  static GeneratedMessageFactory* singleton();
+
+  void RegisterFile(const google::protobuf::internal::DescriptorTable* table);
+  void RegisterType(const Descriptor* descriptor, const Message* prototype);
+
+  // implements MessageFactory ---------------------------------------
+  const Message* GetPrototype(const Descriptor* type) override;
+
+ private:
+  // Only written at static init time, so does not require locking.
+  std::unordered_map<const char*, const google::protobuf::internal::DescriptorTable*,
+                     hash<const char*>, streq>
+      file_map_;
+
+  internal::WrappedMutex mutex_;
+  // Initialized lazily, so requires locking.
+  std::unordered_map<const Descriptor*, const Message*> type_map_;
+};
+
+GeneratedMessageFactory* GeneratedMessageFactory::singleton() {
+  static auto instance =
+      internal::OnShutdownDelete(new GeneratedMessageFactory);
+  return instance;
+}
+
+void GeneratedMessageFactory::RegisterFile(
+    const google::protobuf::internal::DescriptorTable* table) {
+  if (!InsertIfNotPresent(&file_map_, table->filename, table)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "File is already registered: " << table->filename;
+  }
+}
+
+void GeneratedMessageFactory::RegisterType(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                           const Message* prototype) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(descriptor->file()->pool(), DescriptorPool::generated_pool())
+      << "Tried to register a non-generated type with the generated "
+         "type registry.";
+
+  // This should only be called as a result of calling a file registration
+  // function during GetPrototype(), in which case we already have locked
+  // the mutex.
+  mutex_.AssertHeld();
+  if (!InsertIfNotPresent(&type_map_, descriptor, prototype)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Type is already registered: " << descriptor->full_name();
+  }
+}
+
+
+const Message* GeneratedMessageFactory::GetPrototype(const Descriptor* type) {
+  {
+    ReaderMutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+    const Message* result = FindPtrOrNull(type_map_, type);
+    if (result != NULL) return result;
+  }
+
+  // If the type is not in the generated pool, then we can't possibly handle
+  // it.
+  if (type->file()->pool() != DescriptorPool::generated_pool()) return NULL;
+
+  // Apparently the file hasn't been registered yet.  Let's do that now.
+  const internal::DescriptorTable* registration_data =
+      FindPtrOrNull(file_map_, type->file()->name().c_str());
+  if (registration_data == NULL) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "File appears to be in generated pool but wasn't "
+                   "registered: "
+                << type->file()->name();
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  WriterMutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+
+  // Check if another thread preempted us.
+  const Message* result = FindPtrOrNull(type_map_, type);
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    // Nope.  OK, register everything.
+    internal::RegisterFileLevelMetadata(registration_data);
+    // Should be here now.
+    result = FindPtrOrNull(type_map_, type);
+  }
+
+  if (result == NULL) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Type appears to be in generated pool but wasn't "
+                << "registered: " << type->full_name();
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+MessageFactory* MessageFactory::generated_factory() {
+  return GeneratedMessageFactory::singleton();
+}
+
+void MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
+    const google::protobuf::internal::DescriptorTable* table) {
+  GeneratedMessageFactory::singleton()->RegisterFile(table);
+}
+
+void MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, const Message* prototype) {
+  GeneratedMessageFactory::singleton()->RegisterType(descriptor, prototype);
+}
+
+
+namespace {
+template <typename T>
+T* GetSingleton() {
+  static T singleton;
+  return &singleton;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+const internal::RepeatedFieldAccessor* Reflection::RepeatedFieldAccessor(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(field->is_repeated());
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(TYPE, type) \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##TYPE:   \
+    return GetSingleton<internal::RepeatedFieldPrimitiveAccessor<type> >();
+    HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(INT32, int32)
+    HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32)
+    HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(INT64, int64)
+    HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64)
+    HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(FLOAT, float)
+    HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double)
+    HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(BOOL, bool)
+    HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(ENUM, int32)
+#undef HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+        default:
+        case FieldOptions::STRING:
+          return GetSingleton<internal::RepeatedPtrFieldStringAccessor>();
+      }
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      if (field->is_map()) {
+        return GetSingleton<internal::MapFieldAccessor>();
+      } else {
+        return GetSingleton<internal::RepeatedPtrFieldMessageAccessor>();
+      }
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Should not reach here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+template <>
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1800)
+// Note: force noinline to workaround MSVC compiler bug with /Zc:inline, issue
+// #240
+PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+#endif
+    Message*
+    GenericTypeHandler<Message>::NewFromPrototype(const Message* prototype,
+                                                  Arena* arena) {
+  return prototype->New(arena);
+}
+template <>
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1800)
+// Note: force noinline to workaround MSVC compiler bug with /Zc:inline, issue
+// #240
+PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+#endif
+    Arena*
+    GenericTypeHandler<Message>::GetArena(Message* value) {
+  return value->GetArena();
+}
+template <>
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1800)
+// Note: force noinline to workaround MSVC compiler bug with /Zc:inline, issue
+// #240
+PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+#endif
+    void*
+    GenericTypeHandler<Message>::GetMaybeArenaPointer(Message* value) {
+  return value->GetMaybeArenaPointer();
+}
+}  // namespace internal
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..237ba733c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1295 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Defines Message, the abstract interface implemented by non-lite
+// protocol message objects.  Although it's possible to implement this
+// interface manually, most users will use the protocol compiler to
+// generate implementations.
+//
+// Example usage:
+//
+// Say you have a message defined as:
+//
+//   message Foo {
+//     optional string text = 1;
+//     repeated int32 numbers = 2;
+//   }
+//
+// Then, if you used the protocol compiler to generate a class from the above
+// definition, you could use it like so:
+//
+//   std::string data;  // Will store a serialized version of the message.
+//
+//   {
+//     // Create a message and serialize it.
+//     Foo foo;
+//     foo.set_text("Hello World!");
+//     foo.add_numbers(1);
+//     foo.add_numbers(5);
+//     foo.add_numbers(42);
+//
+//     foo.SerializeToString(&data);
+//   }
+//
+//   {
+//     // Parse the serialized message and check that it contains the
+//     // correct data.
+//     Foo foo;
+//     foo.ParseFromString(data);
+//
+//     assert(foo.text() == "Hello World!");
+//     assert(foo.numbers_size() == 3);
+//     assert(foo.numbers(0) == 1);
+//     assert(foo.numbers(1) == 5);
+//     assert(foo.numbers(2) == 42);
+//   }
+//
+//   {
+//     // Same as the last block, but do it dynamically via the Message
+//     // reflection interface.
+//     Message* foo = new Foo;
+//     const Descriptor* descriptor = foo->GetDescriptor();
+//
+//     // Get the descriptors for the fields we're interested in and verify
+//     // their types.
+//     const FieldDescriptor* text_field = descriptor->FindFieldByName("text");
+//     assert(text_field != nullptr);
+//     assert(text_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING);
+//     assert(text_field->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL);
+//     const FieldDescriptor* numbers_field = descriptor->
+//                                            FindFieldByName("numbers");
+//     assert(numbers_field != nullptr);
+//     assert(numbers_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32);
+//     assert(numbers_field->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED);
+//
+//     // Parse the message.
+//     foo->ParseFromString(data);
+//
+//     // Use the reflection interface to examine the contents.
+//     const Reflection* reflection = foo->GetReflection();
+//     assert(reflection->GetString(*foo, text_field) == "Hello World!");
+//     assert(reflection->FieldSize(*foo, numbers_field) == 3);
+//     assert(reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(*foo, numbers_field, 0) == 1);
+//     assert(reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(*foo, numbers_field, 1) == 5);
+//     assert(reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(*foo, numbers_field, 2) == 42);
+//
+//     delete foo;
+//   }
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_H__
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+
+
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_ONEOF
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_ARENAS
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Defined in this file.
+class Message;
+class Reflection;
+class MessageFactory;
+
+// Defined in other files.
+class AssignDescriptorsHelper;
+class DynamicMessageFactory;
+class MapKey;
+class MapValueRef;
+class MapIterator;
+class MapReflectionTester;
+
+namespace internal {
+struct DescriptorTable;
+class MapFieldBase;
+}
+class UnknownFieldSet;  // unknown_field_set.h
+namespace io {
+class ZeroCopyInputStream;   // zero_copy_stream.h
+class ZeroCopyOutputStream;  // zero_copy_stream.h
+class CodedInputStream;      // coded_stream.h
+class CodedOutputStream;     // coded_stream.h
+}  // namespace io
+namespace python {
+class MapReflectionFriend;  // scalar_map_container.h
+}
+namespace expr {
+class CelMapReflectionFriend;  // field_backed_map_impl.cc
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+class MapFieldPrinterHelper;  // text_format.cc
+}
+
+
+namespace internal {
+class ReflectionAccessor;      // message.cc
+class ReflectionOps;           // reflection_ops.h
+class MapKeySorter;            // wire_format.cc
+class WireFormat;              // wire_format.h
+class MapFieldReflectionTest;  // map_test.cc
+}  // namespace internal
+
+template <typename T>
+class RepeatedField;  // repeated_field.h
+
+template <typename T>
+class RepeatedPtrField;  // repeated_field.h
+
+// A container to hold message metadata.
+struct Metadata {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor;
+  const Reflection* reflection;
+};
+
+// Abstract interface for protocol messages.
+//
+// See also MessageLite, which contains most every-day operations.  Message
+// adds descriptors and reflection on top of that.
+//
+// The methods of this class that are virtual but not pure-virtual have
+// default implementations based on reflection.  Message classes which are
+// optimized for speed will want to override these with faster implementations,
+// but classes optimized for code size may be happy with keeping them.  See
+// the optimize_for option in descriptor.proto.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Message : public MessageLite {
+ public:
+  inline Message() {}
+  ~Message() override {}
+
+  // Basic Operations ------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Construct a new instance of the same type.  Ownership is passed to the
+  // caller.  (This is also defined in MessageLite, but is defined again here
+  // for return-type covariance.)
+  Message* New() const override = 0;
+
+  // Construct a new instance on the arena. Ownership is passed to the caller
+  // if arena is a nullptr. Default implementation allows for API compatibility
+  // during the Arena transition.
+  Message* New(Arena* arena) const override {
+    Message* message = New();
+    if (arena != nullptr) {
+      arena->Own(message);
+    }
+    return message;
+  }
+
+  // Make this message into a copy of the given message.  The given message
+  // must have the same descriptor, but need not necessarily be the same class.
+  // By default this is just implemented as "Clear(); MergeFrom(from);".
+  virtual void CopyFrom(const Message& from);
+
+  // Merge the fields from the given message into this message.  Singular
+  // fields will be overwritten, if specified in from, except for embedded
+  // messages which will be merged.  Repeated fields will be concatenated.
+  // The given message must be of the same type as this message (i.e. the
+  // exact same class).
+  virtual void MergeFrom(const Message& from);
+
+  // Verifies that IsInitialized() returns true.  GOOGLE_CHECK-fails otherwise, with
+  // a nice error message.
+  void CheckInitialized() const;
+
+  // Slowly build a list of all required fields that are not set.
+  // This is much, much slower than IsInitialized() as it is implemented
+  // purely via reflection.  Generally, you should not call this unless you
+  // have already determined that an error exists by calling IsInitialized().
+  void FindInitializationErrors(std::vector<std::string>* errors) const;
+
+  // Like FindInitializationErrors, but joins all the strings, delimited by
+  // commas, and returns them.
+  std::string InitializationErrorString() const override;
+
+  // Clears all unknown fields from this message and all embedded messages.
+  // Normally, if unknown tag numbers are encountered when parsing a message,
+  // the tag and value are stored in the message's UnknownFieldSet and
+  // then written back out when the message is serialized.  This allows servers
+  // which simply route messages to other servers to pass through messages
+  // that have new field definitions which they don't yet know about.  However,
+  // this behavior can have security implications.  To avoid it, call this
+  // method after parsing.
+  //
+  // See Reflection::GetUnknownFields() for more on unknown fields.
+  virtual void DiscardUnknownFields();
+
+  // Computes (an estimate of) the total number of bytes currently used for
+  // storing the message in memory.  The default implementation calls the
+  // Reflection object's SpaceUsed() method.
+  //
+  // SpaceUsed() is noticeably slower than ByteSize(), as it is implemented
+  // using reflection (rather than the generated code implementation for
+  // ByteSize()). Like ByteSize(), its CPU time is linear in the number of
+  // fields defined for the proto.
+  virtual size_t SpaceUsedLong() const;
+
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG("Please use SpaceUsedLong() instead")
+  int SpaceUsed() const { return internal::ToIntSize(SpaceUsedLong()); }
+
+  // Debugging & Testing----------------------------------------------
+
+  // Generates a human readable form of this message, useful for debugging
+  // and other purposes.
+  std::string DebugString() const;
+  // Like DebugString(), but with less whitespace.
+  std::string ShortDebugString() const;
+  // Like DebugString(), but do not escape UTF-8 byte sequences.
+  std::string Utf8DebugString() const;
+  // Convenience function useful in GDB.  Prints DebugString() to stdout.
+  void PrintDebugString() const;
+
+  // Reflection-based methods ----------------------------------------
+  // These methods are pure-virtual in MessageLite, but Message provides
+  // reflection-based default implementations.
+
+  std::string GetTypeName() const override;
+  void Clear() override;
+
+  // Returns whether all required fields have been set. Note that required
+  // fields no longer exist starting in proto3.
+  bool IsInitialized() const override;
+
+  void CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(const MessageLite& other) override;
+  // Reflective parser
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr,
+                             internal::ParseContext* ctx) override;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const override;
+  uint8* _InternalSerialize(uint8* target,
+                            io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const override;
+
+ private:
+  // This is called only by the default implementation of ByteSize(), to
+  // update the cached size.  If you override ByteSize(), you do not need
+  // to override this.  If you do not override ByteSize(), you MUST override
+  // this; the default implementation will crash.
+  //
+  // The method is private because subclasses should never call it; only
+  // override it.  Yes, C++ lets you do that.  Crazy, huh?
+  virtual void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+
+ public:
+  // Introspection ---------------------------------------------------
+
+
+  // Get a non-owning pointer to a Descriptor for this message's type.  This
+  // describes what fields the message contains, the types of those fields, etc.
+  // This object remains property of the Message.
+  const Descriptor* GetDescriptor() const { return GetMetadata().descriptor; }
+
+  // Get a non-owning pointer to the Reflection interface for this Message,
+  // which can be used to read and modify the fields of the Message dynamically
+  // (in other words, without knowing the message type at compile time).  This
+  // object remains property of the Message.
+  const Reflection* GetReflection() const { return GetMetadata().reflection; }
+
+ protected:
+  // Get a struct containing the metadata for the Message, which is used in turn
+  // to implement GetDescriptor() and GetReflection() above.
+  virtual Metadata GetMetadata() const = 0;
+
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Message);
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+// Forward-declare interfaces used to implement RepeatedFieldRef.
+// These are protobuf internals that users shouldn't care about.
+class RepeatedFieldAccessor;
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Forward-declare RepeatedFieldRef templates. The second type parameter is
+// used for SFINAE tricks. Users should ignore it.
+template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
+class RepeatedFieldRef;
+
+template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
+class MutableRepeatedFieldRef;
+
+// This interface contains methods that can be used to dynamically access
+// and modify the fields of a protocol message.  Their semantics are
+// similar to the accessors the protocol compiler generates.
+//
+// To get the Reflection for a given Message, call Message::GetReflection().
+//
+// This interface is separate from Message only for efficiency reasons;
+// the vast majority of implementations of Message will share the same
+// implementation of Reflection (GeneratedMessageReflection,
+// defined in generated_message.h), and all Messages of a particular class
+// should share the same Reflection object (though you should not rely on
+// the latter fact).
+//
+// There are several ways that these methods can be used incorrectly.  For
+// example, any of the following conditions will lead to undefined
+// results (probably assertion failures):
+// - The FieldDescriptor is not a field of this message type.
+// - The method called is not appropriate for the field's type.  For
+//   each field type in FieldDescriptor::TYPE_*, there is only one
+//   Get*() method, one Set*() method, and one Add*() method that is
+//   valid for that type.  It should be obvious which (except maybe
+//   for TYPE_BYTES, which are represented using strings in C++).
+// - A Get*() or Set*() method for singular fields is called on a repeated
+//   field.
+// - GetRepeated*(), SetRepeated*(), or Add*() is called on a non-repeated
+//   field.
+// - The Message object passed to any method is not of the right type for
+//   this Reflection object (i.e. message.GetReflection() != reflection).
+//
+// You might wonder why there is not any abstract representation for a field
+// of arbitrary type.  E.g., why isn't there just a "GetField()" method that
+// returns "const Field&", where "Field" is some class with accessors like
+// "GetInt32Value()".  The problem is that someone would have to deal with
+// allocating these Field objects.  For generated message classes, having to
+// allocate space for an additional object to wrap every field would at least
+// double the message's memory footprint, probably worse.  Allocating the
+// objects on-demand, on the other hand, would be expensive and prone to
+// memory leaks.  So, instead we ended up with this flat interface.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Reflection final {
+ public:
+  // Get the UnknownFieldSet for the message.  This contains fields which
+  // were seen when the Message was parsed but were not recognized according
+  // to the Message's definition.
+  const UnknownFieldSet& GetUnknownFields(const Message& message) const;
+  // Get a mutable pointer to the UnknownFieldSet for the message.  This
+  // contains fields which were seen when the Message was parsed but were not
+  // recognized according to the Message's definition.
+  UnknownFieldSet* MutableUnknownFields(Message* message) const;
+
+  // Estimate the amount of memory used by the message object.
+  size_t SpaceUsedLong(const Message& message) const;
+
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG("Please use SpaceUsedLong() instead")
+  int SpaceUsed(const Message& message) const {
+    return internal::ToIntSize(SpaceUsedLong(message));
+  }
+
+  // Check if the given non-repeated field is set.
+  bool HasField(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // Get the number of elements of a repeated field.
+  int FieldSize(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // Clear the value of a field, so that HasField() returns false or
+  // FieldSize() returns zero.
+  void ClearField(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // Check if the oneof is set. Returns true if any field in oneof
+  // is set, false otherwise.
+  bool HasOneof(const Message& message,
+                const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const;
+
+  void ClearOneof(Message* message,
+                  const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const;
+
+  // Returns the field descriptor if the oneof is set. nullptr otherwise.
+  const FieldDescriptor* GetOneofFieldDescriptor(
+      const Message& message, const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const;
+
+  // Removes the last element of a repeated field.
+  // We don't provide a way to remove any element other than the last
+  // because it invites inefficient use, such as O(n^2) filtering loops
+  // that should have been O(n).  If you want to remove an element other
+  // than the last, the best way to do it is to re-arrange the elements
+  // (using Swap()) so that the one you want removed is at the end, then
+  // call RemoveLast().
+  void RemoveLast(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  // Removes the last element of a repeated message field, and returns the
+  // pointer to the caller.  Caller takes ownership of the returned pointer.
+  Message* ReleaseLast(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // Swap the complete contents of two messages.
+  void Swap(Message* message1, Message* message2) const;
+
+  // Swap fields listed in fields vector of two messages.
+  void SwapFields(Message* message1, Message* message2,
+                  const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields) const;
+
+  // Swap two elements of a repeated field.
+  void SwapElements(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field, int index1,
+                    int index2) const;
+
+  // List all fields of the message which are currently set, except for unknown
+  // fields, but including extension known to the parser (i.e. compiled in).
+  // Singular fields will only be listed if HasField(field) would return true
+  // and repeated fields will only be listed if FieldSize(field) would return
+  // non-zero.  Fields (both normal fields and extension fields) will be listed
+  // ordered by field number.
+  // Use Reflection::GetUnknownFields() or message.unknown_fields() to also get
+  // access to fields/extensions unknown to the parser.
+  void ListFields(const Message& message,
+                  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* output) const;
+
+  // Singular field getters ------------------------------------------
+  // These get the value of a non-repeated field.  They return the default
+  // value for fields that aren't set.
+
+  int32 GetInt32(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  int64 GetInt64(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  uint32 GetUInt32(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  uint64 GetUInt64(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  float GetFloat(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  double GetDouble(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  bool GetBool(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  std::string GetString(const Message& message,
+                        const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* GetEnum(const Message& message,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // GetEnumValue() returns an enum field's value as an integer rather than
+  // an EnumValueDescriptor*. If the integer value does not correspond to a
+  // known value descriptor, a new value descriptor is created. (Such a value
+  // will only be present when the new unknown-enum-value semantics are enabled
+  // for a message.)
+  int GetEnumValue(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // See MutableMessage() for the meaning of the "factory" parameter.
+  const Message& GetMessage(const Message& message,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                            MessageFactory* factory = nullptr) const;
+
+  // Get a string value without copying, if possible.
+  //
+  // GetString() necessarily returns a copy of the string.  This can be
+  // inefficient when the std::string is already stored in a std::string object
+  // in the underlying message.  GetStringReference() will return a reference to
+  // the underlying std::string in this case.  Otherwise, it will copy the
+  // string into *scratch and return that.
+  //
+  // Note:  It is perfectly reasonable and useful to write code like:
+  //     str = reflection->GetStringReference(message, field, &str);
+  //   This line would ensure that only one copy of the string is made
+  //   regardless of the field's underlying representation.  When initializing
+  //   a newly-constructed string, though, it's just as fast and more
+  //   readable to use code like:
+  //     std::string str = reflection->GetString(message, field);
+  const std::string& GetStringReference(const Message& message,
+                                        const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                        std::string* scratch) const;
+
+
+  // Singular field mutators -----------------------------------------
+  // These mutate the value of a non-repeated field.
+
+  void SetInt32(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                int32 value) const;
+  void SetInt64(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                int64 value) const;
+  void SetUInt32(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                 uint32 value) const;
+  void SetUInt64(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                 uint64 value) const;
+  void SetFloat(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                float value) const;
+  void SetDouble(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                 double value) const;
+  void SetBool(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+               bool value) const;
+  void SetString(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                 std::string value) const;
+  void SetEnum(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+               const EnumValueDescriptor* value) const;
+  // Set an enum field's value with an integer rather than EnumValueDescriptor.
+  // For proto3 this is just setting the enum field to the value specified, for
+  // proto2 it's more complicated. If value is a known enum value the field is
+  // set as usual. If the value is unknown then it is added to the unknown field
+  // set. Note this matches the behavior of parsing unknown enum values.
+  // If multiple calls with unknown values happen than they are all added to the
+  // unknown field set in order of the calls.
+  void SetEnumValue(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                    int value) const;
+
+  // Get a mutable pointer to a field with a message type.  If a MessageFactory
+  // is provided, it will be used to construct instances of the sub-message;
+  // otherwise, the default factory is used.  If the field is an extension that
+  // does not live in the same pool as the containing message's descriptor (e.g.
+  // it lives in an overlay pool), then a MessageFactory must be provided.
+  // If you have no idea what that meant, then you probably don't need to worry
+  // about it (don't provide a MessageFactory).  WARNING:  If the
+  // FieldDescriptor is for a compiled-in extension, then
+  // factory->GetPrototype(field->message_type()) MUST return an instance of
+  // the compiled-in class for this type, NOT DynamicMessage.
+  Message* MutableMessage(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                          MessageFactory* factory = nullptr) const;
+  // Replaces the message specified by 'field' with the already-allocated object
+  // sub_message, passing ownership to the message.  If the field contained a
+  // message, that message is deleted.  If sub_message is nullptr, the field is
+  // cleared.
+  void SetAllocatedMessage(Message* message, Message* sub_message,
+                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  // Releases the message specified by 'field' and returns the pointer,
+  // ReleaseMessage() will return the message the message object if it exists.
+  // Otherwise, it may or may not return nullptr.  In any case, if the return
+  // value is non-null, the caller takes ownership of the pointer.
+  // If the field existed (HasField() is true), then the returned pointer will
+  // be the same as the pointer returned by MutableMessage().
+  // This function has the same effect as ClearField().
+  Message* ReleaseMessage(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                          MessageFactory* factory = nullptr) const;
+
+
+  // Repeated field getters ------------------------------------------
+  // These get the value of one element of a repeated field.
+
+  int32 GetRepeatedInt32(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                         int index) const;
+  int64 GetRepeatedInt64(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                         int index) const;
+  uint32 GetRepeatedUInt32(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                           int index) const;
+  uint64 GetRepeatedUInt64(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                           int index) const;
+  float GetRepeatedFloat(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                         int index) const;
+  double GetRepeatedDouble(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                           int index) const;
+  bool GetRepeatedBool(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                       int index) const;
+  std::string GetRepeatedString(const Message& message,
+                                const FieldDescriptor* field, int index) const;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* GetRepeatedEnum(const Message& message,
+                                             const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                             int index) const;
+  // GetRepeatedEnumValue() returns an enum field's value as an integer rather
+  // than an EnumValueDescriptor*. If the integer value does not correspond to a
+  // known value descriptor, a new value descriptor is created. (Such a value
+  // will only be present when the new unknown-enum-value semantics are enabled
+  // for a message.)
+  int GetRepeatedEnumValue(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                           int index) const;
+  const Message& GetRepeatedMessage(const Message& message,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    int index) const;
+
+  // See GetStringReference(), above.
+  const std::string& GetRepeatedStringReference(const Message& message,
+                                                const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                                int index,
+                                                std::string* scratch) const;
+
+
+  // Repeated field mutators -----------------------------------------
+  // These mutate the value of one element of a repeated field.
+
+  void SetRepeatedInt32(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                        int index, int32 value) const;
+  void SetRepeatedInt64(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                        int index, int64 value) const;
+  void SetRepeatedUInt32(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                         int index, uint32 value) const;
+  void SetRepeatedUInt64(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                         int index, uint64 value) const;
+  void SetRepeatedFloat(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                        int index, float value) const;
+  void SetRepeatedDouble(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                         int index, double value) const;
+  void SetRepeatedBool(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                       int index, bool value) const;
+  void SetRepeatedString(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                         int index, std::string value) const;
+  void SetRepeatedEnum(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                       int index, const EnumValueDescriptor* value) const;
+  // Set an enum field's value with an integer rather than EnumValueDescriptor.
+  // For proto3 this is just setting the enum field to the value specified, for
+  // proto2 it's more complicated. If value is a known enum value the field is
+  // set as usual. If the value is unknown then it is added to the unknown field
+  // set. Note this matches the behavior of parsing unknown enum values.
+  // If multiple calls with unknown values happen than they are all added to the
+  // unknown field set in order of the calls.
+  void SetRepeatedEnumValue(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                            int index, int value) const;
+  // Get a mutable pointer to an element of a repeated field with a message
+  // type.
+  Message* MutableRepeatedMessage(Message* message,
+                                  const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                  int index) const;
+
+
+  // Repeated field adders -------------------------------------------
+  // These add an element to a repeated field.
+
+  void AddInt32(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                int32 value) const;
+  void AddInt64(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                int64 value) const;
+  void AddUInt32(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                 uint32 value) const;
+  void AddUInt64(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                 uint64 value) const;
+  void AddFloat(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                float value) const;
+  void AddDouble(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                 double value) const;
+  void AddBool(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+               bool value) const;
+  void AddString(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                 std::string value) const;
+  void AddEnum(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+               const EnumValueDescriptor* value) const;
+  // Add an integer value to a repeated enum field rather than
+  // EnumValueDescriptor. For proto3 this is just setting the enum field to the
+  // value specified, for proto2 it's more complicated. If value is a known enum
+  // value the field is set as usual. If the value is unknown then it is added
+  // to the unknown field set. Note this matches the behavior of parsing unknown
+  // enum values. If multiple calls with unknown values happen than they are all
+  // added to the unknown field set in order of the calls.
+  void AddEnumValue(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                    int value) const;
+  // See MutableMessage() for comments on the "factory" parameter.
+  Message* AddMessage(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                      MessageFactory* factory = nullptr) const;
+
+  // Appends an already-allocated object 'new_entry' to the repeated field
+  // specified by 'field' passing ownership to the message.
+  void AddAllocatedMessage(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                           Message* new_entry) const;
+
+
+  // Get a RepeatedFieldRef object that can be used to read the underlying
+  // repeated field. The type parameter T must be set according to the
+  // field's cpp type. The following table shows the mapping from cpp type
+  // to acceptable T.
+  //
+  //   field->cpp_type()      T
+  //   CPPTYPE_INT32        int32
+  //   CPPTYPE_UINT32       uint32
+  //   CPPTYPE_INT64        int64
+  //   CPPTYPE_UINT64       uint64
+  //   CPPTYPE_DOUBLE       double
+  //   CPPTYPE_FLOAT        float
+  //   CPPTYPE_BOOL         bool
+  //   CPPTYPE_ENUM         generated enum type or int32
+  //   CPPTYPE_STRING       std::string
+  //   CPPTYPE_MESSAGE      generated message type or google::protobuf::Message
+  //
+  // A RepeatedFieldRef object can be copied and the resulted object will point
+  // to the same repeated field in the same message. The object can be used as
+  // long as the message is not destroyed.
+  //
+  // Note that to use this method users need to include the header file
+  // "net/proto2/public/reflection.h" (which defines the RepeatedFieldRef
+  // class templates).
+  template <typename T>
+  RepeatedFieldRef<T> GetRepeatedFieldRef(const Message& message,
+                                          const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // Like GetRepeatedFieldRef() but return an object that can also be used
+  // manipulate the underlying repeated field.
+  template <typename T>
+  MutableRepeatedFieldRef<T> GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef(
+      Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // DEPRECATED. Please use Get(Mutable)RepeatedFieldRef() for repeated field
+  // access. The following repeated field accesors will be removed in the
+  // future.
+  //
+  // Repeated field accessors  -------------------------------------------------
+  // The methods above, e.g. GetRepeatedInt32(msg, fd, index), provide singular
+  // access to the data in a RepeatedField.  The methods below provide aggregate
+  // access by exposing the RepeatedField object itself with the Message.
+  // Applying these templates to inappropriate types will lead to an undefined
+  // reference at link time (e.g. GetRepeatedField<***double>), or possibly a
+  // template matching error at compile time (e.g. GetRepeatedPtrField<File>).
+  //
+  // Usage example: my_doubs = refl->GetRepeatedField<double>(msg, fd);
+
+  // DEPRECATED. Please use GetRepeatedFieldRef().
+  //
+  // for T = Cord and all protobuf scalar types except enums.
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG("Please use GetRepeatedFieldRef() instead")
+  const RepeatedField<T>& GetRepeatedField(const Message& msg,
+                                           const FieldDescriptor* d) const {
+    return GetRepeatedFieldInternal<T>(msg, d);
+  }
+
+  // DEPRECATED. Please use GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef().
+  //
+  // for T = Cord and all protobuf scalar types except enums.
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG("Please use GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef() instead")
+  RepeatedField<T>* MutableRepeatedField(Message* msg,
+                                         const FieldDescriptor* d) const {
+    return MutableRepeatedFieldInternal<T>(msg, d);
+  }
+
+  // DEPRECATED. Please use GetRepeatedFieldRef().
+  //
+  // for T = std::string, google::protobuf::internal::StringPieceField
+  //         google::protobuf::Message & descendants.
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG("Please use GetRepeatedFieldRef() instead")
+  const RepeatedPtrField<T>& GetRepeatedPtrField(
+      const Message& msg, const FieldDescriptor* d) const {
+    return GetRepeatedPtrFieldInternal<T>(msg, d);
+  }
+
+  // DEPRECATED. Please use GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef().
+  //
+  // for T = std::string, google::protobuf::internal::StringPieceField
+  //         google::protobuf::Message & descendants.
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG("Please use GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef() instead")
+  RepeatedPtrField<T>* MutableRepeatedPtrField(Message* msg,
+                                               const FieldDescriptor* d) const {
+    return MutableRepeatedPtrFieldInternal<T>(msg, d);
+  }
+
+  // Extensions ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Try to find an extension of this message type by fully-qualified field
+  // name.  Returns nullptr if no extension is known for this name or number.
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindKnownExtensionByName(
+      const std::string& name) const;
+
+  // Try to find an extension of this message type by field number.
+  // Returns nullptr if no extension is known for this name or number.
+  const FieldDescriptor* FindKnownExtensionByNumber(int number) const;
+
+  // Feature Flags -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Does this message support storing arbitrary integer values in enum fields?
+  // If |true|, GetEnumValue/SetEnumValue and associated repeated-field versions
+  // take arbitrary integer values, and the legacy GetEnum() getter will
+  // dynamically create an EnumValueDescriptor for any integer value without
+  // one. If |false|, setting an unknown enum value via the integer-based
+  // setters results in undefined behavior (in practice, GOOGLE_DCHECK-fails).
+  //
+  // Generic code that uses reflection to handle messages with enum fields
+  // should check this flag before using the integer-based setter, and either
+  // downgrade to a compatible value or use the UnknownFieldSet if not. For
+  // example:
+  //
+  //   int new_value = GetValueFromApplicationLogic();
+  //   if (reflection->SupportsUnknownEnumValues()) {
+  //     reflection->SetEnumValue(message, field, new_value);
+  //   } else {
+  //     if (field_descriptor->enum_type()->
+  //             FindValueByNumber(new_value) != nullptr) {
+  //       reflection->SetEnumValue(message, field, new_value);
+  //     } else if (emit_unknown_enum_values) {
+  //       reflection->MutableUnknownFields(message)->AddVarint(
+  //           field->number(), new_value);
+  //     } else {
+  //       // convert value to a compatible/default value.
+  //       new_value = CompatibleDowngrade(new_value);
+  //       reflection->SetEnumValue(message, field, new_value);
+  //     }
+  //   }
+  bool SupportsUnknownEnumValues() const;
+
+  // Returns the MessageFactory associated with this message.  This can be
+  // useful for determining if a message is a generated message or not, for
+  // example:
+  //   if (message->GetReflection()->GetMessageFactory() ==
+  //       google::protobuf::MessageFactory::generated_factory()) {
+  //     // This is a generated message.
+  //   }
+  // It can also be used to create more messages of this type, though
+  // Message::New() is an easier way to accomplish this.
+  MessageFactory* GetMessageFactory() const;
+
+ private:
+  template <typename T>
+  const RepeatedField<T>& GetRepeatedFieldInternal(
+      const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  template <typename T>
+  RepeatedField<T>* MutableRepeatedFieldInternal(
+      Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  template <typename T>
+  const RepeatedPtrField<T>& GetRepeatedPtrFieldInternal(
+      const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  template <typename T>
+  RepeatedPtrField<T>* MutableRepeatedPtrFieldInternal(
+      Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  // Obtain a pointer to a Repeated Field Structure and do some type checking:
+  //   on field->cpp_type(),
+  //   on field->field_option().ctype() (if ctype >= 0)
+  //   of field->message_type() (if message_type != nullptr).
+  // We use 2 routine rather than 4 (const vs mutable) x (scalar vs pointer).
+  void* MutableRawRepeatedField(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                FieldDescriptor::CppType, int ctype,
+                                const Descriptor* message_type) const;
+
+  const void* GetRawRepeatedField(const Message& message,
+                                  const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                  FieldDescriptor::CppType cpptype, int ctype,
+                                  const Descriptor* message_type) const;
+
+  // The following methods are used to implement (Mutable)RepeatedFieldRef.
+  // A Ref object will store a raw pointer to the repeated field data (obtained
+  // from RepeatedFieldData()) and a pointer to a Accessor (obtained from
+  // RepeatedFieldAccessor) which will be used to access the raw data.
+
+  // Returns a raw pointer to the repeated field
+  //
+  // "cpp_type" and "message_type" are deduced from the type parameter T passed
+  // to Get(Mutable)RepeatedFieldRef. If T is a generated message type,
+  // "message_type" should be set to its descriptor. Otherwise "message_type"
+  // should be set to nullptr. Implementations of this method should check
+  // whether "cpp_type"/"message_type" is consistent with the actual type of the
+  // field. We use 1 routine rather than 2 (const vs mutable) because it is
+  // protected and it doesn't change the message.
+  void* RepeatedFieldData(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                          FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type,
+                          const Descriptor* message_type) const;
+
+  // The returned pointer should point to a singleton instance which implements
+  // the RepeatedFieldAccessor interface.
+  const internal::RepeatedFieldAccessor* RepeatedFieldAccessor(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  const Descriptor* const descriptor_;
+  const internal::ReflectionSchema schema_;
+  const DescriptorPool* const descriptor_pool_;
+  MessageFactory* const message_factory_;
+
+  // Last non weak field index. This is an optimization when most weak fields
+  // are at the end of the containing message. If a message proto doesn't
+  // contain weak fields, then this field equals descriptor_->field_count().
+  int last_non_weak_field_index_;
+
+  template <typename T, typename Enable>
+  friend class RepeatedFieldRef;
+  template <typename T, typename Enable>
+  friend class MutableRepeatedFieldRef;
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageLayoutInspector;
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::AssignDescriptorsHelper;
+  friend class DynamicMessageFactory;
+  friend class python::MapReflectionFriend;
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_CEL_MAP_REFLECTION_FRIEND
+  friend class expr::CelMapReflectionFriend;
+  friend class internal::MapFieldReflectionTest;
+  friend class internal::MapKeySorter;
+  friend class internal::WireFormat;
+  friend class internal::ReflectionOps;
+  // Needed for implementing text format for map.
+  friend class internal::MapFieldPrinterHelper;
+  friend class internal::ReflectionAccessor;
+
+  Reflection(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+             const internal::ReflectionSchema& schema,
+             const DescriptorPool* pool, MessageFactory* factory);
+
+  // Special version for specialized implementations of string.  We can't
+  // call MutableRawRepeatedField directly here because we don't have access to
+  // FieldOptions::* which are defined in descriptor.pb.h.  Including that
+  // file here is not possible because it would cause a circular include cycle.
+  // We use 1 routine rather than 2 (const vs mutable) because it is private
+  // and mutable a repeated string field doesn't change the message.
+  void* MutableRawRepeatedString(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                 bool is_string) const;
+
+  friend class MapReflectionTester;
+  // Returns true if key is in map. Returns false if key is not in map field.
+  bool ContainsMapKey(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                      const MapKey& key) const;
+
+  // If key is in map field: Saves the value pointer to val and returns
+  // false. If key in not in map field: Insert the key into map, saves
+  // value pointer to val and retuns true.
+  bool InsertOrLookupMapValue(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                              const MapKey& key, MapValueRef* val) const;
+
+  // Delete and returns true if key is in the map field. Returns false
+  // otherwise.
+  bool DeleteMapValue(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                      const MapKey& key) const;
+
+  // Returns a MapIterator referring to the first element in the map field.
+  // If the map field is empty, this function returns the same as
+  // reflection::MapEnd. Mutation to the field may invalidate the iterator.
+  MapIterator MapBegin(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // Returns a MapIterator referring to the theoretical element that would
+  // follow the last element in the map field. It does not point to any
+  // real element. Mutation to the field may invalidate the iterator.
+  MapIterator MapEnd(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // Get the number of <key, value> pair of a map field. The result may be
+  // different from FieldSize which can have duplicate keys.
+  int MapSize(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // Help method for MapIterator.
+  friend class MapIterator;
+  friend class WireFormatForMapFieldTest;
+  internal::MapFieldBase* MutableMapData(Message* message,
+                                         const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  const internal::MapFieldBase* GetMapData(const Message& message,
+                                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  template <class T>
+  const T& GetRawNonOneof(const Message& message,
+                          const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  template <class T>
+  T* MutableRawNonOneof(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  template <typename Type>
+  const Type& GetRaw(const Message& message,
+                     const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  template <typename Type>
+  inline Type* MutableRaw(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  template <typename Type>
+  inline const Type& DefaultRaw(const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  inline const uint32* GetHasBits(const Message& message) const;
+  inline uint32* MutableHasBits(Message* message) const;
+  inline uint32 GetOneofCase(const Message& message,
+                             const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const;
+  inline uint32* MutableOneofCase(
+      Message* message, const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const;
+  inline const internal::ExtensionSet& GetExtensionSet(
+      const Message& message) const;
+  inline internal::ExtensionSet* MutableExtensionSet(Message* message) const;
+  inline Arena* GetArena(Message* message) const;
+
+  inline const internal::InternalMetadataWithArena&
+  GetInternalMetadataWithArena(const Message& message) const;
+
+  internal::InternalMetadataWithArena* MutableInternalMetadataWithArena(
+      Message* message) const;
+
+  inline bool IsInlined(const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  inline bool HasBit(const Message& message,
+                     const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  inline void SetBit(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  inline void ClearBit(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  inline void SwapBit(Message* message1, Message* message2,
+                      const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // This function only swaps the field. Should swap corresponding has_bit
+  // before or after using this function.
+  void SwapField(Message* message1, Message* message2,
+                 const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  void SwapOneofField(Message* message1, Message* message2,
+                      const OneofDescriptor* oneof_descriptor) const;
+
+  inline bool HasOneofField(const Message& message,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  inline void SetOneofCase(Message* message,
+                           const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  inline void ClearOneofField(Message* message,
+                              const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  template <typename Type>
+  inline const Type& GetField(const Message& message,
+                              const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  template <typename Type>
+  inline void SetField(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                       const Type& value) const;
+  template <typename Type>
+  inline Type* MutableField(Message* message,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  template <typename Type>
+  inline const Type& GetRepeatedField(const Message& message,
+                                      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                      int index) const;
+  template <typename Type>
+  inline const Type& GetRepeatedPtrField(const Message& message,
+                                         const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                         int index) const;
+  template <typename Type>
+  inline void SetRepeatedField(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                               int index, Type value) const;
+  template <typename Type>
+  inline Type* MutableRepeatedField(Message* message,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    int index) const;
+  template <typename Type>
+  inline void AddField(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                       const Type& value) const;
+  template <typename Type>
+  inline Type* AddField(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  int GetExtensionNumberOrDie(const Descriptor* type) const;
+
+  // Internal versions of EnumValue API perform no checking. Called after checks
+  // by public methods.
+  void SetEnumValueInternal(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                            int value) const;
+  void SetRepeatedEnumValueInternal(Message* message,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,
+                                    int value) const;
+  void AddEnumValueInternal(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                            int value) const;
+
+  Message* UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(Message* message,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                     MessageFactory* factory = nullptr) const;
+
+  void UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(Message* message, Message* sub_message,
+                                      const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  friend inline  // inline so nobody can call this function.
+      void
+      RegisterAllTypesInternal(const Metadata* file_level_metadata, int size);
+  friend inline const char* ParseLenDelim(int field_number,
+                                          const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                          Message* msg,
+                                          const Reflection* reflection,
+                                          const char* ptr,
+                                          internal::ParseContext* ctx);
+  friend inline const char* ParsePackedField(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                             Message* msg,
+                                             const Reflection* reflection,
+                                             const char* ptr,
+                                             internal::ParseContext* ctx);
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Reflection);
+};
+
+// Abstract interface for a factory for message objects.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageFactory {
+ public:
+  inline MessageFactory() {}
+  virtual ~MessageFactory();
+
+  // Given a Descriptor, gets or constructs the default (prototype) Message
+  // of that type.  You can then call that message's New() method to construct
+  // a mutable message of that type.
+  //
+  // Calling this method twice with the same Descriptor returns the same
+  // object.  The returned object remains property of the factory.  Also, any
+  // objects created by calling the prototype's New() method share some data
+  // with the prototype, so these must be destroyed before the MessageFactory
+  // is destroyed.
+  //
+  // The given descriptor must outlive the returned message, and hence must
+  // outlive the MessageFactory.
+  //
+  // Some implementations do not support all types.  GetPrototype() will
+  // return nullptr if the descriptor passed in is not supported.
+  //
+  // This method may or may not be thread-safe depending on the implementation.
+  // Each implementation should document its own degree thread-safety.
+  virtual const Message* GetPrototype(const Descriptor* type) = 0;
+
+  // Gets a MessageFactory which supports all generated, compiled-in messages.
+  // In other words, for any compiled-in type FooMessage, the following is true:
+  //   MessageFactory::generated_factory()->GetPrototype(
+  //     FooMessage::descriptor()) == FooMessage::default_instance()
+  // This factory supports all types which are found in
+  // DescriptorPool::generated_pool().  If given a descriptor from any other
+  // pool, GetPrototype() will return nullptr.  (You can also check if a
+  // descriptor is for a generated message by checking if
+  // descriptor->file()->pool() == DescriptorPool::generated_pool().)
+  //
+  // This factory is 100% thread-safe; calling GetPrototype() does not modify
+  // any shared data.
+  //
+  // This factory is a singleton.  The caller must not delete the object.
+  static MessageFactory* generated_factory();
+
+  // For internal use only:  Registers a .proto file at static initialization
+  // time, to be placed in generated_factory.  The first time GetPrototype()
+  // is called with a descriptor from this file, |register_messages| will be
+  // called, with the file name as the parameter.  It must call
+  // InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage() (below) to register each message type
+  // in the file.  This strange mechanism is necessary because descriptors are
+  // built lazily, so we can't register types by their descriptor until we
+  // know that the descriptor exists.  |filename| must be a permanent string.
+  static void InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
+      const google::protobuf::internal::DescriptorTable* table);
+
+  // For internal use only:  Registers a message type.  Called only by the
+  // functions which are registered with InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(),
+  // above.
+  static void InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                               const Message* prototype);
+
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageFactory);
+};
+
+#define DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(TYPE)                           \
+  template <>                                                      \
+  PROTOBUF_EXPORT const RepeatedField<TYPE>&                       \
+  Reflection::GetRepeatedFieldInternal<TYPE>(                      \
+      const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const; \
+                                                                   \
+  template <>                                                      \
+  PROTOBUF_EXPORT RepeatedField<TYPE>*                             \
+  Reflection::MutableRepeatedFieldInternal<TYPE>(                  \
+      Message * message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(int32)
+DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(int64)
+DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(uint32)
+DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(uint64)
+DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(float)
+DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(double)
+DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD(bool)
+
+#undef DECLARE_GET_REPEATED_FIELD
+
+// Tries to downcast this message to a generated message type.  Returns nullptr
+// if this class is not an instance of T.  This works even if RTTI is disabled.
+//
+// This also has the effect of creating a strong reference to T that will
+// prevent the linker from stripping it out at link time.  This can be important
+// if you are using a DynamicMessageFactory that delegates to the generated
+// factory.
+template <typename T>
+const T* DynamicCastToGenerated(const Message* from) {
+  // Compile-time assert that T is a generated type that has a
+  // default_instance() accessor, but avoid actually calling it.
+  const T& (*get_default_instance)() = &T::default_instance;
+  (void)get_default_instance;
+
+  // Compile-time assert that T is a subclass of google::protobuf::Message.
+  const Message* unused = static_cast<T*>(nullptr);
+  (void)unused;
+
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RTTI
+  bool ok = T::default_instance().GetReflection() == from->GetReflection();
+  return ok ? down_cast<const T*>(from) : nullptr;
+#else
+  return dynamic_cast<const T*>(from);
+#endif
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+T* DynamicCastToGenerated(Message* from) {
+  const Message* message_const = from;
+  return const_cast<T*>(DynamicCastToGenerated<T>(message_const));
+}
+
+// Call this function to ensure that this message's reflection is linked into
+// the binary:
+//
+//   google::protobuf::LinkMessageReflection<FooMessage>();
+//
+// This will ensure that the following lookup will succeed:
+//
+//   DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindMessageTypeByName("FooMessage");
+//
+// As a side-effect, it will also guarantee that anything else from the same
+// .proto file will also be available for lookup in the generated pool.
+//
+// This function does not actually register the message, so it does not need
+// to be called before the lookup.  However it does need to occur in a function
+// that cannot be stripped from the binary (ie. it must be reachable from main).
+//
+// Best practice is to call this function as close as possible to where the
+// reflection is actually needed.  This function is very cheap to call, so you
+// should not need to worry about its runtime overhead except in the tightest
+// of loops (on x86-64 it compiles into two "mov" instructions).
+template <typename T>
+void LinkMessageReflection() {
+  internal::StrongReference(T::default_instance);
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Implementation details for {Get,Mutable}RawRepeatedPtrField.  We provide
+// specializations for <std::string>, <StringPieceField> and <Message> and
+// handle everything else with the default template which will match any type
+// having a method with signature "static const google::protobuf::Descriptor*
+// descriptor()". Such a type presumably is a descendant of google::protobuf::Message.
+
+template <>
+inline const RepeatedPtrField<std::string>&
+Reflection::GetRepeatedPtrFieldInternal<std::string>(
+    const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return *static_cast<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>*>(
+      MutableRawRepeatedString(const_cast<Message*>(&message), field, true));
+}
+
+template <>
+inline RepeatedPtrField<std::string>*
+Reflection::MutableRepeatedPtrFieldInternal<std::string>(
+    Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return static_cast<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>*>(
+      MutableRawRepeatedString(message, field, true));
+}
+
+
+// -----
+
+template <>
+inline const RepeatedPtrField<Message>& Reflection::GetRepeatedPtrFieldInternal(
+    const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return *static_cast<const RepeatedPtrField<Message>*>(GetRawRepeatedField(
+      message, field, FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, -1, nullptr));
+}
+
+template <>
+inline RepeatedPtrField<Message>* Reflection::MutableRepeatedPtrFieldInternal(
+    Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return static_cast<RepeatedPtrField<Message>*>(MutableRawRepeatedField(
+      message, field, FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, -1, nullptr));
+}
+
+template <typename PB>
+inline const RepeatedPtrField<PB>& Reflection::GetRepeatedPtrFieldInternal(
+    const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return *static_cast<const RepeatedPtrField<PB>*>(
+      GetRawRepeatedField(message, field, FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, -1,
+                          PB::default_instance().GetDescriptor()));
+}
+
+template <typename PB>
+inline RepeatedPtrField<PB>* Reflection::MutableRepeatedPtrFieldInternal(
+    Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return static_cast<RepeatedPtrField<PB>*>(
+      MutableRawRepeatedField(message, field, FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE,
+                              -1, PB::default_instance().GetDescriptor()));
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f5cc5fe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,552 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Authors: wink@google.com (Wink Saville),
+//          kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/parse_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+std::string MessageLite::InitializationErrorString() const {
+  return "(cannot determine missing fields for lite message)";
+}
+
+std::string MessageLite::DebugString() const {
+  std::uintptr_t address = reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(this);
+  return StrCat("MessageLite at 0x", strings::Hex(address));
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// When serializing, we first compute the byte size, then serialize the message.
+// If serialization produces a different number of bytes than expected, we
+// call this function, which crashes.  The problem could be due to a bug in the
+// protobuf implementation but is more likely caused by concurrent modification
+// of the message.  This function attempts to distinguish between the two and
+// provide a useful error message.
+void ByteSizeConsistencyError(size_t byte_size_before_serialization,
+                              size_t byte_size_after_serialization,
+                              size_t bytes_produced_by_serialization,
+                              const MessageLite& message) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(byte_size_before_serialization, byte_size_after_serialization)
+      << message.GetTypeName()
+      << " was modified concurrently during serialization.";
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(bytes_produced_by_serialization, byte_size_before_serialization)
+      << "Byte size calculation and serialization were inconsistent.  This "
+         "may indicate a bug in protocol buffers or it may be caused by "
+         "concurrent modification of "
+      << message.GetTypeName() << ".";
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "This shouldn't be called if all the sizes are equal.";
+}
+
+std::string InitializationErrorMessage(const char* action,
+                                       const MessageLite& message) {
+  // Note:  We want to avoid depending on strutil in the lite library, otherwise
+  //   we'd use:
+  //
+  // return strings::Substitute(
+  //   "Can't $0 message of type \"$1\" because it is missing required "
+  //   "fields: $2",
+  //   action, message.GetTypeName(),
+  //   message.InitializationErrorString());
+
+  std::string result;
+  result += "Can't ";
+  result += action;
+  result += " message of type \"";
+  result += message.GetTypeName();
+  result += "\" because it is missing required fields: ";
+  result += message.InitializationErrorString();
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline StringPiece as_string_view(const void* data, int size) {
+  return StringPiece(static_cast<const char*>(data), size);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void MessageLite::LogInitializationErrorMessage() const {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << InitializationErrorMessage("parse", *this);
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <bool aliasing>
+bool MergePartialFromImpl(StringPiece input, MessageLite* msg) {
+  const char* ptr;
+  internal::ParseContext ctx(io::CodedInputStream::GetDefaultRecursionLimit(),
+                             aliasing, &ptr, input);
+  ptr = msg->_InternalParse(ptr, &ctx);
+  // ctx has an explicit limit set (length of string_view).
+  return ptr && ctx.EndedAtLimit();
+}
+
+template <bool aliasing>
+bool MergePartialFromImpl(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input, MessageLite* msg) {
+  const char* ptr;
+  internal::ParseContext ctx(io::CodedInputStream::GetDefaultRecursionLimit(),
+                             aliasing, &ptr, input);
+  ptr = msg->_InternalParse(ptr, &ctx);
+  // ctx has no explicit limit (hence we end on end of stream)
+  return ptr && ctx.EndedAtEndOfStream();
+}
+
+template <bool aliasing>
+bool MergePartialFromImpl(BoundedZCIS input, MessageLite* msg) {
+  const char* ptr;
+  internal::ParseContext ctx(io::CodedInputStream::GetDefaultRecursionLimit(),
+                             aliasing, &ptr, input.zcis, input.limit);
+  ptr = msg->_InternalParse(ptr, &ctx);
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!ptr)) return false;
+  ctx.BackUp(ptr);
+  return ctx.EndedAtLimit();
+}
+
+template bool MergePartialFromImpl<false>(StringPiece input,
+                                          MessageLite* msg);
+template bool MergePartialFromImpl<true>(StringPiece input,
+                                         MessageLite* msg);
+template bool MergePartialFromImpl<false>(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                                          MessageLite* msg);
+template bool MergePartialFromImpl<true>(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                                         MessageLite* msg);
+template bool MergePartialFromImpl<false>(BoundedZCIS input, MessageLite* msg);
+template bool MergePartialFromImpl<true>(BoundedZCIS input, MessageLite* msg);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+MessageLite* MessageLite::New(Arena* arena) const {
+  MessageLite* message = New();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(message);
+  }
+  return message;
+}
+
+class ZeroCopyCodedInputStream : public io::ZeroCopyInputStream {
+ public:
+  ZeroCopyCodedInputStream(io::CodedInputStream* cis) : cis_(cis) {}
+  bool Next(const void** data, int* size) final {
+    if (!cis_->GetDirectBufferPointer(data, size)) return false;
+    cis_->Skip(*size);
+    return true;
+  }
+  void BackUp(int count) final { cis_->Advance(-count); }
+  bool Skip(int count) final { return cis_->Skip(count); }
+  int64_t ByteCount() const final { return 0; }
+
+  bool aliasing_enabled() { return cis_->aliasing_enabled_; }
+
+ private:
+  io::CodedInputStream* cis_;
+};
+
+bool MessageLite::MergePartialFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  ZeroCopyCodedInputStream zcis(input);
+  const char* ptr;
+  internal::ParseContext ctx(input->RecursionBudget(), zcis.aliasing_enabled(),
+                             &ptr, &zcis);
+  // MergePartialFromCodedStream allows terminating the wireformat by 0 or
+  // end-group tag. Leaving it up to the caller to verify correct ending by
+  // calling LastTagWas on input. We need to maintain this behavior.
+  ctx.TrackCorrectEnding();
+  ctx.data().pool = input->GetExtensionPool();
+  ctx.data().factory = input->GetExtensionFactory();
+  ptr = _InternalParse(ptr, &ctx);
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!ptr)) return false;
+  ctx.BackUp(ptr);
+  if (!ctx.EndedAtEndOfStream()) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(ctx.LastTag() != 1);  // We can't end on a pushed limit.
+    if (ctx.IsExceedingLimit(ptr)) return false;
+    input->SetLastTag(ctx.LastTag());
+    return true;
+  }
+  input->SetConsumed();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::MergeFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  return MergePartialFromCodedStream(input) && IsInitializedWithErrors();
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::ParseFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  Clear();
+  return MergeFromCodedStream(input);
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::ParsePartialFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  Clear();
+  return MergePartialFromCodedStream(input);
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::ParseFromZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input) {
+  return ParseFrom<kParse>(input);
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::ParsePartialFromZeroCopyStream(
+    io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input) {
+  return ParseFrom<kParsePartial>(input);
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::ParseFromFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor) {
+  io::FileInputStream input(file_descriptor);
+  return ParseFromZeroCopyStream(&input) && input.GetErrno() == 0;
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::ParsePartialFromFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor) {
+  io::FileInputStream input(file_descriptor);
+  return ParsePartialFromZeroCopyStream(&input) && input.GetErrno() == 0;
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::ParseFromIstream(std::istream* input) {
+  io::IstreamInputStream zero_copy_input(input);
+  return ParseFromZeroCopyStream(&zero_copy_input) && input->eof();
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::ParsePartialFromIstream(std::istream* input) {
+  io::IstreamInputStream zero_copy_input(input);
+  return ParsePartialFromZeroCopyStream(&zero_copy_input) && input->eof();
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::MergePartialFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(
+    io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input, int size) {
+  return ParseFrom<kMergePartial>(internal::BoundedZCIS{input, size});
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::MergeFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                                                 int size) {
+  return ParseFrom<kMerge>(internal::BoundedZCIS{input, size});
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                                                 int size) {
+  return ParseFrom<kParse>(internal::BoundedZCIS{input, size});
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::ParsePartialFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(
+    io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input, int size) {
+  return ParseFrom<kParsePartial>(internal::BoundedZCIS{input, size});
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::ParseFromString(const std::string& data) {
+  return ParseFrom<kParse>(data);
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::ParsePartialFromString(const std::string& data) {
+  return ParseFrom<kParsePartial>(data);
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::ParseFromArray(const void* data, int size) {
+  return ParseFrom<kParse>(as_string_view(data, size));
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::ParsePartialFromArray(const void* data, int size) {
+  return ParseFrom<kParsePartial>(as_string_view(data, size));
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::MergeFromString(const std::string& data) {
+  return ParseFrom<kMerge>(data);
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+inline uint8* SerializeToArrayImpl(const MessageLite& msg, uint8* target,
+                                   int size) {
+  constexpr bool debug = false;
+  if (debug) {
+    // Force serialization to a stream with a block size of 1, which forces
+    // all writes to the stream to cross buffers triggering all fallback paths
+    // in the unittests when serializing to string / array.
+    io::ArrayOutputStream stream(target, size, 1);
+    uint8* ptr;
+    io::EpsCopyOutputStream out(
+        &stream, io::CodedOutputStream::IsDefaultSerializationDeterministic(),
+        &ptr);
+    ptr = msg._InternalSerialize(ptr, &out);
+    out.Trim(ptr);
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!out.HadError() && stream.ByteCount() == size);
+    return target + size;
+  } else {
+    io::EpsCopyOutputStream out(
+        target, size,
+        io::CodedOutputStream::IsDefaultSerializationDeterministic());
+    auto res = msg._InternalSerialize(target, &out);
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(target + size == res);
+    return res;
+  }
+}
+
+uint8* MessageLite::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(uint8* target) const {
+  // We only optimize this when using optimize_for = SPEED.  In other cases
+  // we just use the CodedOutputStream path.
+  return SerializeToArrayImpl(*this, target, GetCachedSize());
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::SerializeToCodedStream(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(IsInitialized()) << InitializationErrorMessage("serialize", *this);
+  return SerializePartialToCodedStream(output);
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::SerializePartialToCodedStream(
+    io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  const size_t size = ByteSizeLong();  // Force size to be cached.
+  if (size > INT_MAX) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << GetTypeName()
+               << " exceeded maximum protobuf size of 2GB: " << size;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  int original_byte_count = output->ByteCount();
+  SerializeWithCachedSizes(output);
+  if (output->HadError()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  int final_byte_count = output->ByteCount();
+
+  if (final_byte_count - original_byte_count != size) {
+    ByteSizeConsistencyError(size, ByteSizeLong(),
+                             final_byte_count - original_byte_count, *this);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::SerializeToZeroCopyStream(
+    io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(IsInitialized()) << InitializationErrorMessage("serialize", *this);
+  return SerializePartialToZeroCopyStream(output);
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::SerializePartialToZeroCopyStream(
+    io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) const {
+  const size_t size = ByteSizeLong();  // Force size to be cached.
+  if (size > INT_MAX) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << GetTypeName()
+               << " exceeded maximum protobuf size of 2GB: " << size;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint8* target;
+  io::EpsCopyOutputStream stream(
+      output, io::CodedOutputStream::IsDefaultSerializationDeterministic(),
+      &target);
+  target = _InternalSerialize(target, &stream);
+  stream.Trim(target);
+  if (stream.HadError()) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::SerializeToFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor) const {
+  io::FileOutputStream output(file_descriptor);
+  return SerializeToZeroCopyStream(&output) && output.Flush();
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::SerializePartialToFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor) const {
+  io::FileOutputStream output(file_descriptor);
+  return SerializePartialToZeroCopyStream(&output) && output.Flush();
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::SerializeToOstream(std::ostream* output) const {
+  {
+    io::OstreamOutputStream zero_copy_output(output);
+    if (!SerializeToZeroCopyStream(&zero_copy_output)) return false;
+  }
+  return output->good();
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::SerializePartialToOstream(std::ostream* output) const {
+  io::OstreamOutputStream zero_copy_output(output);
+  return SerializePartialToZeroCopyStream(&zero_copy_output);
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::AppendToString(std::string* output) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(IsInitialized()) << InitializationErrorMessage("serialize", *this);
+  return AppendPartialToString(output);
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::AppendPartialToString(std::string* output) const {
+  size_t old_size = output->size();
+  size_t byte_size = ByteSizeLong();
+  if (byte_size > INT_MAX) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << GetTypeName()
+               << " exceeded maximum protobuf size of 2GB: " << byte_size;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  STLStringResizeUninitialized(output, old_size + byte_size);
+  uint8* start =
+      reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(io::mutable_string_data(output) + old_size);
+  SerializeToArrayImpl(*this, start, byte_size);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::SerializeToString(std::string* output) const {
+  output->clear();
+  return AppendToString(output);
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::SerializePartialToString(std::string* output) const {
+  output->clear();
+  return AppendPartialToString(output);
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::SerializeToArray(void* data, int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(IsInitialized()) << InitializationErrorMessage("serialize", *this);
+  return SerializePartialToArray(data, size);
+}
+
+bool MessageLite::SerializePartialToArray(void* data, int size) const {
+  const size_t byte_size = ByteSizeLong();
+  if (byte_size > INT_MAX) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << GetTypeName()
+               << " exceeded maximum protobuf size of 2GB: " << byte_size;
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (size < byte_size) return false;
+  uint8* start = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(data);
+  SerializeToArrayImpl(*this, start, byte_size);
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::string MessageLite::SerializeAsString() const {
+  // If the compiler implements the (Named) Return Value Optimization,
+  // the local variable 'output' will not actually reside on the stack
+  // of this function, but will be overlaid with the object that the
+  // caller supplied for the return value to be constructed in.
+  std::string output;
+  if (!AppendToString(&output)) output.clear();
+  return output;
+}
+
+std::string MessageLite::SerializePartialAsString() const {
+  std::string output;
+  if (!AppendPartialToString(&output)) output.clear();
+  return output;
+}
+
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <>
+MessageLite* GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>::NewFromPrototype(
+    const MessageLite* prototype, Arena* arena) {
+  return prototype->New(arena);
+}
+template <>
+void GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>::Merge(const MessageLite& from,
+                                            MessageLite* to) {
+  to->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(from);
+}
+template <>
+void GenericTypeHandler<std::string>::Merge(const std::string& from,
+                                            std::string* to) {
+  *to = from;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Shutdown support.
+
+namespace internal {
+
+struct ShutdownData {
+  ~ShutdownData() {
+    std::reverse(functions.begin(), functions.end());
+    for (auto pair : functions) pair.first(pair.second);
+  }
+
+  static ShutdownData* get() {
+    static auto* data = new ShutdownData;
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::pair<void (*)(const void*), const void*>> functions;
+  Mutex mutex;
+};
+
+static void RunZeroArgFunc(const void* arg) {
+  void (*func)() = reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(const_cast<void*>(arg));
+  func();
+}
+
+void OnShutdown(void (*func)()) {
+  OnShutdownRun(RunZeroArgFunc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func));
+}
+
+void OnShutdownRun(void (*f)(const void*), const void* arg) {
+  auto shutdown_data = ShutdownData::get();
+  MutexLock lock(&shutdown_data->mutex);
+  shutdown_data->functions.push_back(std::make_pair(f, arg));
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+void ShutdownProtobufLibrary() {
+  // This function should be called only once, but accepts multiple calls.
+  static bool is_shutdown = false;
+  if (!is_shutdown) {
+    delete internal::ShutdownData::get();
+    is_shutdown = true;
+  }
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31746f3e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,571 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Authors: wink@google.com (Wink Saville),
+//          kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Defines MessageLite, the abstract interface implemented by all (lite
+// and non-lite) protocol message objects.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_LITE_H__
+
+#include <climits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+template <typename T>
+class RepeatedPtrField;
+
+namespace io {
+
+class CodedInputStream;
+class CodedOutputStream;
+class ZeroCopyInputStream;
+class ZeroCopyOutputStream;
+
+}  // namespace io
+namespace internal {
+
+// See parse_context.h for explanation
+class ParseContext;
+
+class RepeatedPtrFieldBase;
+class WireFormatLite;
+class WeakFieldMap;
+
+// We compute sizes as size_t but cache them as int.  This function converts a
+// computed size to a cached size.  Since we don't proceed with serialization
+// if the total size was > INT_MAX, it is not important what this function
+// returns for inputs > INT_MAX.  However this case should not error or
+// GOOGLE_CHECK-fail, because the full size_t resolution is still returned from
+// ByteSizeLong() and checked against INT_MAX; we can catch the overflow
+// there.
+inline int ToCachedSize(size_t size) { return static_cast<int>(size); }
+
+// We mainly calculate sizes in terms of size_t, but some functions that
+// compute sizes return "int".  These int sizes are expected to always be
+// positive. This function is more efficient than casting an int to size_t
+// directly on 64-bit platforms because it avoids making the compiler emit a
+// sign extending instruction, which we don't want and don't want to pay for.
+inline size_t FromIntSize(int size) {
+  // Convert to unsigned before widening so sign extension is not necessary.
+  return static_cast<unsigned int>(size);
+}
+
+// For cases where a legacy function returns an integer size.  We GOOGLE_DCHECK()
+// that the conversion will fit within an integer; if this is false then we
+// are losing information.
+inline int ToIntSize(size_t size) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(size, static_cast<size_t>(INT_MAX));
+  return static_cast<int>(size);
+}
+
+// This type wraps a variable whose constructor and destructor are explicitly
+// called. It is particularly useful for a global variable, without its
+// constructor and destructor run on start and end of the program lifetime.
+// This circumvents the initial construction order fiasco, while keeping
+// the address of the empty string a compile time constant.
+//
+// Pay special attention to the initialization state of the object.
+// 1. The object is "uninitialized" to begin with.
+// 2. Call Construct() or DefaultConstruct() only if the object is
+//    uninitialized. After the call, the object becomes "initialized".
+// 3. Call get() and get_mutable() only if the object is initialized.
+// 4. Call Destruct() only if the object is initialized.
+//    After the call, the object becomes uninitialized.
+template <typename T>
+class ExplicitlyConstructed {
+ public:
+  void DefaultConstruct() { new (&union_) T(); }
+
+  template <typename... Args>
+  void Construct(Args&&... args) {
+    new (&union_) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  void Destruct() { get_mutable()->~T(); }
+
+  constexpr const T& get() const { return reinterpret_cast<const T&>(union_); }
+  T* get_mutable() { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(&union_); }
+
+ private:
+  // Prefer c++14 aligned_storage, but for compatibility this will do.
+  union AlignedUnion {
+    char space[sizeof(T)];
+    int64 align_to_int64;
+    void* align_to_ptr;
+  } union_;
+};
+
+// Default empty string object. Don't use this directly. Instead, call
+// GetEmptyString() to get the reference.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern ExplicitlyConstructed<std::string>
+    fixed_address_empty_string;
+
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT inline const std::string& GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited() {
+  return fixed_address_empty_string.get();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT size_t StringSpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong(const std::string& str);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Interface to light weight protocol messages.
+//
+// This interface is implemented by all protocol message objects.  Non-lite
+// messages additionally implement the Message interface, which is a
+// subclass of MessageLite.  Use MessageLite instead when you only need
+// the subset of features which it supports -- namely, nothing that uses
+// descriptors or reflection.  You can instruct the protocol compiler
+// to generate classes which implement only MessageLite, not the full
+// Message interface, by adding the following line to the .proto file:
+//
+//   option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+//
+// This is particularly useful on resource-constrained systems where
+// the full protocol buffers runtime library is too big.
+//
+// Note that on non-constrained systems (e.g. servers) when you need
+// to link in lots of protocol definitions, a better way to reduce
+// total code footprint is to use optimize_for = CODE_SIZE.  This
+// will make the generated code smaller while still supporting all the
+// same features (at the expense of speed).  optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME
+// is best when you only have a small number of message types linked
+// into your binary, in which case the size of the protocol buffers
+// runtime itself is the biggest problem.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageLite {
+ public:
+  inline MessageLite() {}
+  virtual ~MessageLite() {}
+
+  // Basic Operations ------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Get the name of this message type, e.g. "foo.bar.BazProto".
+  virtual std::string GetTypeName() const = 0;
+
+  // Construct a new instance of the same type.  Ownership is passed to the
+  // caller.
+  virtual MessageLite* New() const = 0;
+
+  // Construct a new instance on the arena. Ownership is passed to the caller
+  // if arena is a NULL. Default implementation for backwards compatibility.
+  virtual MessageLite* New(Arena* arena) const;
+
+  // Get the arena, if any, associated with this message. Virtual method
+  // required for generic operations but most arena-related operations should
+  // use the GetArenaNoVirtual() generated-code method. Default implementation
+  // to reduce code size by avoiding the need for per-type implementations
+  // when types do not implement arena support.
+  virtual Arena* GetArena() const { return NULL; }
+
+  // Get a pointer that may be equal to this message's arena, or may not be.
+  // If the value returned by this method is equal to some arena pointer, then
+  // this message is on that arena; however, if this message is on some arena,
+  // this method may or may not return that arena's pointer. As a tradeoff,
+  // this method may be more efficient than GetArena(). The intent is to allow
+  // underlying representations that use e.g. tagged pointers to sometimes
+  // store the arena pointer directly, and sometimes in a more indirect way,
+  // and allow a fastpath comparison against the arena pointer when it's easy
+  // to obtain.
+  virtual void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const { return GetArena(); }
+
+  // Clear all fields of the message and set them to their default values.
+  // Clear() avoids freeing memory, assuming that any memory allocated
+  // to hold parts of the message will be needed again to hold the next
+  // message.  If you actually want to free the memory used by a Message,
+  // you must delete it.
+  virtual void Clear() = 0;
+
+  // Quickly check if all required fields have values set.
+  virtual bool IsInitialized() const = 0;
+
+  // This is not implemented for Lite messages -- it just returns "(cannot
+  // determine missing fields for lite message)".  However, it is implemented
+  // for full messages.  See message.h.
+  virtual std::string InitializationErrorString() const;
+
+  // If |other| is the exact same class as this, calls MergeFrom(). Otherwise,
+  // results are undefined (probably crash).
+  virtual void CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(const MessageLite& other) = 0;
+
+  // These methods return a human-readable summary of the message. Note that
+  // since the MessageLite interface does not support reflection, there is very
+  // little information that these methods can provide. They are shadowed by
+  // methods of the same name on the Message interface which provide much more
+  // information. The methods here are intended primarily to facilitate code
+  // reuse for logic that needs to interoperate with both full and lite protos.
+  //
+  // The format of the returned string is subject to change, so please do not
+  // assume it will remain stable over time.
+  std::string DebugString() const;
+  std::string ShortDebugString() const { return DebugString(); }
+  // MessageLite::DebugString is already Utf8 Safe. This is to add compatibility
+  // with Message.
+  std::string Utf8DebugString() const { return DebugString(); }
+
+  // Parsing ---------------------------------------------------------
+  // Methods for parsing in protocol buffer format.  Most of these are
+  // just simple wrappers around MergeFromCodedStream().  Clear() will be
+  // called before merging the input.
+
+  // Fill the message with a protocol buffer parsed from the given input
+  // stream. Returns false on a read error or if the input is in the wrong
+  // format.  A successful return does not indicate the entire input is
+  // consumed, ensure you call ConsumedEntireMessage() to check that if
+  // applicable.
+  bool ParseFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  // Like ParseFromCodedStream(), but accepts messages that are missing
+  // required fields.
+  bool ParsePartialFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  // Read a protocol buffer from the given zero-copy input stream.  If
+  // successful, the entire input will be consumed.
+  bool ParseFromZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input);
+  // Like ParseFromZeroCopyStream(), but accepts messages that are missing
+  // required fields.
+  bool ParsePartialFromZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input);
+  // Parse a protocol buffer from a file descriptor.  If successful, the entire
+  // input will be consumed.
+  bool ParseFromFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor);
+  // Like ParseFromFileDescriptor(), but accepts messages that are missing
+  // required fields.
+  bool ParsePartialFromFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor);
+  // Parse a protocol buffer from a C++ istream.  If successful, the entire
+  // input will be consumed.
+  bool ParseFromIstream(std::istream* input);
+  // Like ParseFromIstream(), but accepts messages that are missing
+  // required fields.
+  bool ParsePartialFromIstream(std::istream* input);
+  // Read a protocol buffer from the given zero-copy input stream, expecting
+  // the message to be exactly "size" bytes long.  If successful, exactly
+  // this many bytes will have been consumed from the input.
+  bool MergePartialFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                                             int size);
+  // Like ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(), but accepts messages that are
+  // missing required fields.
+  bool MergeFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input, int size);
+  bool ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input, int size);
+  // Like ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(), but accepts messages that are
+  // missing required fields.
+  bool ParsePartialFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                                             int size);
+  // Parses a protocol buffer contained in a string. Returns true on success.
+  // This function takes a string in the (non-human-readable) binary wire
+  // format, matching the encoding output by MessageLite::SerializeToString().
+  // If you'd like to convert a human-readable string into a protocol buffer
+  // object, see google::protobuf::TextFormat::ParseFromString().
+  bool ParseFromString(const std::string& data);
+  // Like ParseFromString(), but accepts messages that are missing
+  // required fields.
+  bool ParsePartialFromString(const std::string& data);
+  // Parse a protocol buffer contained in an array of bytes.
+  bool ParseFromArray(const void* data, int size);
+  // Like ParseFromArray(), but accepts messages that are missing
+  // required fields.
+  bool ParsePartialFromArray(const void* data, int size);
+
+
+  // Reads a protocol buffer from the stream and merges it into this
+  // Message.  Singular fields read from the what is
+  // already in the Message and repeated fields are appended to those
+  // already present.
+  //
+  // It is the responsibility of the caller to call input->LastTagWas()
+  // (for groups) or input->ConsumedEntireMessage() (for non-groups) after
+  // this returns to verify that the message's end was delimited correctly.
+  //
+  // ParseFromCodedStream() is implemented as Clear() followed by
+  // MergeFromCodedStream().
+  bool MergeFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input);
+
+  // Like MergeFromCodedStream(), but succeeds even if required fields are
+  // missing in the input.
+  //
+  // MergeFromCodedStream() is just implemented as MergePartialFromCodedStream()
+  // followed by IsInitialized().
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input);
+
+  // Merge a protocol buffer contained in a string.
+  bool MergeFromString(const std::string& data);
+
+
+  // Serialization ---------------------------------------------------
+  // Methods for serializing in protocol buffer format.  Most of these
+  // are just simple wrappers around ByteSize() and SerializeWithCachedSizes().
+
+  // Write a protocol buffer of this message to the given output.  Returns
+  // false on a write error.  If the message is missing required fields,
+  // this may GOOGLE_CHECK-fail.
+  bool SerializeToCodedStream(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  // Like SerializeToCodedStream(), but allows missing required fields.
+  bool SerializePartialToCodedStream(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  // Write the message to the given zero-copy output stream.  All required
+  // fields must be set.
+  bool SerializeToZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) const;
+  // Like SerializeToZeroCopyStream(), but allows missing required fields.
+  bool SerializePartialToZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) const;
+  // Serialize the message and store it in the given string.  All required
+  // fields must be set.
+  bool SerializeToString(std::string* output) const;
+  // Like SerializeToString(), but allows missing required fields.
+  bool SerializePartialToString(std::string* output) const;
+  // Serialize the message and store it in the given byte array.  All required
+  // fields must be set.
+  bool SerializeToArray(void* data, int size) const;
+  // Like SerializeToArray(), but allows missing required fields.
+  bool SerializePartialToArray(void* data, int size) const;
+
+  // Make a string encoding the message. Is equivalent to calling
+  // SerializeToString() on a string and using that.  Returns the empty
+  // string if SerializeToString() would have returned an error.
+  // Note: If you intend to generate many such strings, you may
+  // reduce heap fragmentation by instead re-using the same string
+  // object with calls to SerializeToString().
+  std::string SerializeAsString() const;
+  // Like SerializeAsString(), but allows missing required fields.
+  std::string SerializePartialAsString() const;
+
+  // Serialize the message and write it to the given file descriptor.  All
+  // required fields must be set.
+  bool SerializeToFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor) const;
+  // Like SerializeToFileDescriptor(), but allows missing required fields.
+  bool SerializePartialToFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor) const;
+  // Serialize the message and write it to the given C++ ostream.  All
+  // required fields must be set.
+  bool SerializeToOstream(std::ostream* output) const;
+  // Like SerializeToOstream(), but allows missing required fields.
+  bool SerializePartialToOstream(std::ostream* output) const;
+
+  // Like SerializeToString(), but appends to the data to the string's
+  // existing contents.  All required fields must be set.
+  bool AppendToString(std::string* output) const;
+  // Like AppendToString(), but allows missing required fields.
+  bool AppendPartialToString(std::string* output) const;
+
+
+  // Computes the serialized size of the message.  This recursively calls
+  // ByteSizeLong() on all embedded messages.
+  //
+  // ByteSizeLong() is generally linear in the number of fields defined for the
+  // proto.
+  virtual size_t ByteSizeLong() const = 0;
+
+  // Legacy ByteSize() API.
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG("Please use ByteSizeLong() instead")
+  int ByteSize() const { return internal::ToIntSize(ByteSizeLong()); }
+
+  // Serializes the message without recomputing the size.  The message must not
+  // have changed since the last call to ByteSize(), and the value returned by
+  // ByteSize must be non-negative.  Otherwise the results are undefined.
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+    output->SetCur(_InternalSerialize(output->Cur(), output->EpsCopy()));
+  }
+
+  // Functions below here are not part of the public interface.  It isn't
+  // enforced, but they should be treated as private, and will be private
+  // at some future time.  Unfortunately the implementation of the "friend"
+  // keyword in GCC is broken at the moment, but we expect it will be fixed.
+
+  // Like SerializeWithCachedSizes, but writes directly to *target, returning
+  // a pointer to the byte immediately after the last byte written.  "target"
+  // must point at a byte array of at least ByteSize() bytes.  Whether to use
+  // deterministic serialization, e.g., maps in sorted order, is determined by
+  // CodedOutputStream::IsDefaultSerializationDeterministic().
+  uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(uint8* target) const;
+
+  // Returns the result of the last call to ByteSize().  An embedded message's
+  // size is needed both to serialize it (because embedded messages are
+  // length-delimited) and to compute the outer message's size.  Caching
+  // the size avoids computing it multiple times.
+  //
+  // ByteSize() does not automatically use the cached size when available
+  // because this would require invalidating it every time the message was
+  // modified, which would be too hard and expensive.  (E.g. if a deeply-nested
+  // sub-message is changed, all of its parents' cached sizes would need to be
+  // invalidated, which is too much work for an otherwise inlined setter
+  // method.)
+  virtual int GetCachedSize() const = 0;
+
+  virtual const char* _InternalParse(const char* /*ptr*/,
+                                     internal::ParseContext* /*ctx*/) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  template <typename T>
+  static T* CreateMaybeMessage(Arena* arena) {
+    return Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<T>(arena);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  enum ParseFlags {
+    kMerge = 0,
+    kParse = 1,
+    kMergePartial = 2,
+    kParsePartial = 3,
+    kMergeWithAliasing = 4,
+    kParseWithAliasing = 5,
+    kMergePartialWithAliasing = 6,
+    kParsePartialWithAliasing = 7
+  };
+
+  template <ParseFlags flags, typename T>
+  bool ParseFrom(const T& input);
+
+  // Fast path when conditions match (ie. non-deterministic)
+  //  uint8* _InternalSerialize(uint8* ptr) const;
+  virtual uint8* _InternalSerialize(uint8* ptr,
+                                    io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const = 0;
+
+ private:
+  // TODO(gerbens) make this a pure abstract function
+  virtual const void* InternalGetTable() const { return NULL; }
+
+  friend class internal::WireFormatLite;
+  friend class Message;
+  friend class internal::WeakFieldMap;
+
+  bool IsInitializedWithErrors() const {
+    if (IsInitialized()) return true;
+    LogInitializationErrorMessage();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  void LogInitializationErrorMessage() const;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageLite);
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <bool alias>
+bool MergePartialFromImpl(StringPiece input, MessageLite* msg);
+extern template bool MergePartialFromImpl<false>(StringPiece input,
+                                                 MessageLite* msg);
+extern template bool MergePartialFromImpl<true>(StringPiece input,
+                                                MessageLite* msg);
+
+template <bool alias>
+bool MergePartialFromImpl(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input, MessageLite* msg);
+extern template bool MergePartialFromImpl<false>(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                                                 MessageLite* msg);
+extern template bool MergePartialFromImpl<true>(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                                                MessageLite* msg);
+
+struct BoundedZCIS {
+  io::ZeroCopyInputStream* zcis;
+  int limit;
+};
+
+template <bool alias>
+bool MergePartialFromImpl(BoundedZCIS input, MessageLite* msg);
+extern template bool MergePartialFromImpl<false>(BoundedZCIS input,
+                                                 MessageLite* msg);
+extern template bool MergePartialFromImpl<true>(BoundedZCIS input,
+                                                MessageLite* msg);
+
+template <typename T>
+struct SourceWrapper;
+
+template <bool alias, typename T>
+bool MergePartialFromImpl(const SourceWrapper<T>& input, MessageLite* msg) {
+  return input.template MergePartialInto<alias>(msg);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+template <MessageLite::ParseFlags flags, typename T>
+bool MessageLite::ParseFrom(const T& input) {
+  if (flags & kParse) Clear();
+  constexpr bool alias = flags & kMergeWithAliasing;
+  bool res = internal::MergePartialFromImpl<alias>(input, this);
+  return res && ((flags & kMergePartial) || IsInitializedWithErrors());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Shutdown support.
+
+
+// Shut down the entire protocol buffers library, deleting all static-duration
+// objects allocated by the library or by generated .pb.cc files.
+//
+// There are two reasons you might want to call this:
+// * You use a draconian definition of "memory leak" in which you expect
+//   every single malloc() to have a corresponding free(), even for objects
+//   which live until program exit.
+// * You are writing a dynamically-loaded library which needs to clean up
+//   after itself when the library is unloaded.
+//
+// It is safe to call this multiple times.  However, it is not safe to use
+// any other part of the protocol buffers library after
+// ShutdownProtobufLibrary() has been called. Furthermore this call is not
+// thread safe, user needs to synchronize multiple calls.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void ShutdownProtobufLibrary();
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Register a function to be called when ShutdownProtocolBuffers() is called.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void OnShutdown(void (*func)());
+// Run an arbitrary function on an arg
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void OnShutdownRun(void (*f)(const void*), const void* arg);
+
+template <typename T>
+T* OnShutdownDelete(T* p) {
+  OnShutdownRun([](const void* pp) { delete static_cast<const T*>(pp); }, p);
+  return p;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0840e7bf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+
+#define MESSAGE_TEST_NAME MessageTest
+#define MESSAGE_FACTORY_TEST_NAME MessageFactoryTest
+#define UNITTEST_PACKAGE_NAME "protobuf_unittest"
+#define UNITTEST ::protobuf_unittest
+#define UNITTEST_IMPORT ::protobuf_unittest_import
+
+// Must include after the above macros.
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_unittest.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.inc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..843a1c03e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file needs to be included as .inc as it depends on certain macros being
+// defined prior to its inclusion.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util2.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+// DO NOT include <io.h>, instead create functions in io_win32.{h,cc} and import
+// them like we do below.
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::close;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::open;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef O_BINARY
+#ifdef _O_BINARY
+#define O_BINARY _O_BINARY
+#else
+#define O_BINARY 0  // If this isn't defined, the platform doesn't need it.
+#endif
+#endif
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, SerializeHelpers) {
+  // TODO(kenton):  Test more helpers?  They're all two-liners so it seems
+  //   like a waste of time.
+
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+  std::stringstream stream;
+
+  std::string str1("foo");
+  std::string str2("bar");
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.SerializeToString(&str1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.AppendToString(&str2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.SerializeToOstream(&stream));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(str1.size() + 3, str2.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", str2.substr(0, 3));
+  // Don't use EXPECT_EQ because we don't want to dump raw binary data to
+  // stdout.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(str2.substr(3) == str1);
+
+  // GCC gives some sort of error if we try to just do stream.str() == str1.
+  std::string temp = stream.str();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(temp == str1);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.SerializeAsString() == str1);
+
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, SerializeToBrokenOstream) {
+  std::ofstream out;
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+  message.set_optional_int32(123);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.SerializeToOstream(&out));
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ParseFromFileDescriptor) {
+  std::string filename =
+      TestUtil::GetTestDataPath("net/proto2/internal/testdata/golden_message");
+  int file = open(filename.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
+  ASSERT_GE(file, 0);
+
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromFileDescriptor(file));
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+
+  EXPECT_GE(close(file), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ParsePackedFromFileDescriptor) {
+  std::string filename = TestUtil::GetTestDataPath(
+      "net/proto2/internal/testdata/golden_packed_fields_message");
+  int file = open(filename.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
+  ASSERT_GE(file, 0);
+
+  UNITTEST::TestPackedTypes message;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromFileDescriptor(file));
+  TestUtil::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(message);
+
+  EXPECT_GE(close(file), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ParseHelpers) {
+  // TODO(kenton):  Test more helpers?  They're all two-liners so it seems
+  //   like a waste of time.
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    // Set up.
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+    message.SerializeToString(&data);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Test ParseFromString.
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Test ParseFromIstream.
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+    std::stringstream stream(data);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromIstream(&stream));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(stream.eof());
+    TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Test ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream.
+    std::string data_with_junk(data);
+    data_with_junk.append("some junk on the end");
+    io::ArrayInputStream stream(data_with_junk.data(), data_with_junk.size());
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(&stream, data.size()));
+    TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Test that ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream fails (but doesn't crash) if
+    // EOF is reached before the expected number of bytes.
+    io::ArrayInputStream stream(data.data(), data.size());
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(
+        message.ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(&stream, data.size() + 1));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ParseFailsIfNotInitialized) {
+  UNITTEST::TestRequired message;
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog log;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(""));
+    errors = log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "Can't parse message of type \"" + std::string(UNITTEST_PACKAGE_NAME) +
+          ".TestRequired\" because it is missing required fields: a, b, c",
+      errors[0]);
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, BypassInitializationCheckOnParse) {
+  UNITTEST::TestRequired message;
+  io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(nullptr, 0);
+  io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.MergePartialFromCodedStream(&input));
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, InitializationErrorString) {
+  UNITTEST::TestRequired message;
+  EXPECT_EQ("a, b, c", message.InitializationErrorString());
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, DynamicCastToGenerated) {
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes test_all_types;
+
+  Message* test_all_types_pointer = &test_all_types;
+  EXPECT_EQ(&test_all_types, DynamicCastToGenerated<UNITTEST::TestAllTypes>(
+                                 test_all_types_pointer));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, DynamicCastToGenerated<UNITTEST::TestRequired>(
+                         test_all_types_pointer));
+
+  const Message* test_all_types_pointer_const = &test_all_types;
+  EXPECT_EQ(&test_all_types,
+            DynamicCastToGenerated<const UNITTEST::TestAllTypes>(
+                test_all_types_pointer_const));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, DynamicCastToGenerated<const UNITTEST::TestRequired>(
+                         test_all_types_pointer_const));
+}
+
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST  // death tests do not work on Windows yet.
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, SerializeFailsIfNotInitialized) {
+  UNITTEST::TestRequired message;
+  std::string data;
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(EXPECT_TRUE(message.SerializeToString(&data)),
+                     "Can't serialize message of type \"" +
+                         std::string(UNITTEST_PACKAGE_NAME) +
+                         ".TestRequired\" because "
+                         "it is missing required fields: a, b, c");
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, CheckInitialized) {
+  UNITTEST::TestRequired message;
+  EXPECT_DEATH(message.CheckInitialized(),
+               "Message of type \"" + std::string(UNITTEST_PACKAGE_NAME) +
+                   ".TestRequired\" is missing required "
+                   "fields: a, b, c");
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+namespace {
+// An input stream that repeats a std::string's content for a number of times.
+// It helps us create a really large input without consuming too much memory.
+// Used to test the parsing behavior when the input size exceeds 2G or close to
+// it.
+class RepeatedInputStream : public io::ZeroCopyInputStream {
+ public:
+  RepeatedInputStream(const std::string& data, size_t count)
+      : data_(data), count_(count), position_(0), total_byte_count_(0) {}
+
+  bool Next(const void** data, int* size) override {
+    if (position_ == data_.size()) {
+      if (--count_ == 0) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      position_ = 0;
+    }
+    *data = &data_[position_];
+    *size = static_cast<int>(data_.size() - position_);
+    position_ = data_.size();
+    total_byte_count_ += *size;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void BackUp(int count) override {
+    position_ -= static_cast<size_t>(count);
+    total_byte_count_ -= count;
+  }
+
+  bool Skip(int count) override {
+    while (count > 0) {
+      const void* data;
+      int size;
+      if (!Next(&data, &size)) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (size >= count) {
+        BackUp(size - count);
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        count -= size;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override { return total_byte_count_; }
+
+ private:
+  std::string data_;
+  size_t count_;     // The number of strings that haven't been consuemd.
+  size_t position_;  // Position in the std::string for the next read.
+  int64 total_byte_count_;
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, TestParseMessagesCloseTo2G) {
+  // Create a message with a large std::string field.
+  std::string value = std::string(64 * 1024 * 1024, 'x');
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+  message.set_optional_string(value);
+
+  // Repeat this message in the input stream to make the total input size
+  // close to 2G.
+  std::string data = message.SerializeAsString();
+  size_t count = static_cast<size_t>(kint32max) / data.size();
+  RepeatedInputStream input(data, count);
+
+  // The parsing should succeed.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes result;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(result.ParseFromZeroCopyStream(&input));
+
+  // When there are multiple occurences of a singulr field, the last one
+  // should win.
+  EXPECT_EQ(value, result.optional_string());
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, TestParseMessagesOver2G) {
+  // Create a message with a large std::string field.
+  std::string value = std::string(64 * 1024 * 1024, 'x');
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+  message.set_optional_string(value);
+
+  // Repeat this message in the input stream to make the total input size
+  // larger than 2G.
+  std::string data = message.SerializeAsString();
+  size_t count = static_cast<size_t>(kint32max) / data.size() + 1;
+  RepeatedInputStream input(data, count);
+
+  // The parsing should fail.
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes result;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result.ParseFromZeroCopyStream(&input));
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, BypassInitializationCheckOnSerialize) {
+  UNITTEST::TestRequired message;
+  io::ArrayOutputStream raw_output(nullptr, 0);
+  io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.SerializePartialToCodedStream(&output));
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, FindInitializationErrors) {
+  UNITTEST::TestRequired message;
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+  message.FindInitializationErrors(&errors);
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, errors.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("a", errors[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ("b", errors[1]);
+  EXPECT_EQ("c", errors[2]);
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ParseFailsOnInvalidMessageEnd) {
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  // Control case.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromArray("", 0));
+
+  // The byte is a valid varint, but not a valid tag (zero).
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromArray("\0", 1));
+
+  // The byte is a malformed varint.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromArray("\200", 1));
+
+  // The byte is an endgroup tag, but we aren't parsing a group.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromArray("\014", 1));
+}
+
+// Regression test for b/23630858
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, MessageIsStillValidAfterParseFails) {
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  // 9 0xFFs for the "optional_uint64" field.
+  std::string invalid_data = "\x20\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF";
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(invalid_data));
+  message.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_uint64());
+
+  // invalid data for field "optional_string". Length prefix is 1 but no
+  // payload.
+  std::string invalid_string_data = "\x72\x01";
+  {
+    Arena arena;
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* arena_message =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<UNITTEST::TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(arena_message->ParseFromString(invalid_string_data));
+    arena_message->Clear();
+    EXPECT_EQ("", arena_message->optional_string());
+  }
+}
+
+
+namespace {
+
+void ExpectMessageMerged(const UNITTEST::TestAllTypes& message) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, message.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.optional_int64());
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", message.optional_string());
+}
+
+void AssignParsingMergeMessages(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* msg1,
+                                UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* msg2,
+                                UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* msg3) {
+  msg1->set_optional_int32(1);
+  msg2->set_optional_int64(2);
+  msg3->set_optional_int32(3);
+  msg3->set_optional_string("hello");
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Test that if an optional or required message/group field appears multiple
+// times in the input, they need to be merged.
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, ParsingMerge) {
+  UNITTEST::TestParsingMerge::RepeatedFieldsGenerator generator;
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* msg1;
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* msg2;
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* msg3;
+
+#define ASSIGN_REPEATED_FIELD(FIELD) \
+  msg1 = generator.add_##FIELD();    \
+  msg2 = generator.add_##FIELD();    \
+  msg3 = generator.add_##FIELD();    \
+  AssignParsingMergeMessages(msg1, msg2, msg3)
+
+  ASSIGN_REPEATED_FIELD(field1);
+  ASSIGN_REPEATED_FIELD(field2);
+  ASSIGN_REPEATED_FIELD(field3);
+  ASSIGN_REPEATED_FIELD(ext1);
+  ASSIGN_REPEATED_FIELD(ext2);
+
+#undef ASSIGN_REPEATED_FIELD
+#define ASSIGN_REPEATED_GROUP(FIELD)                \
+  msg1 = generator.add_##FIELD()->mutable_field1(); \
+  msg2 = generator.add_##FIELD()->mutable_field1(); \
+  msg3 = generator.add_##FIELD()->mutable_field1(); \
+  AssignParsingMergeMessages(msg1, msg2, msg3)
+
+  ASSIGN_REPEATED_GROUP(group1);
+  ASSIGN_REPEATED_GROUP(group2);
+
+#undef ASSIGN_REPEATED_GROUP
+
+  std::string buffer;
+  generator.SerializeToString(&buffer);
+  UNITTEST::TestParsingMerge parsing_merge;
+  parsing_merge.ParseFromString(buffer);
+
+  // Required and optional fields should be merged.
+  ExpectMessageMerged(parsing_merge.required_all_types());
+  ExpectMessageMerged(parsing_merge.optional_all_types());
+  ExpectMessageMerged(parsing_merge.optionalgroup().optional_group_all_types());
+  ExpectMessageMerged(
+      parsing_merge.GetExtension(UNITTEST::TestParsingMerge::optional_ext));
+
+  // Repeated fields should not be merged.
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, parsing_merge.repeated_all_types_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, parsing_merge.repeatedgroup_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      3, parsing_merge.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::TestParsingMerge::repeated_ext));
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, MergeFrom) {
+  UNITTEST::TestAllTypes source, dest;
+
+  // Optional fields
+  source.set_optional_int32(1);  // only source
+  source.set_optional_int64(2);  // both source and dest
+  dest.set_optional_int64(3);
+  dest.set_optional_uint32(4);  // only dest
+
+  // Optional fields with defaults
+  source.set_default_int32(13);  // only source
+  source.set_default_int64(14);  // both source and dest
+  dest.set_default_int64(15);
+  dest.set_default_uint32(16);  // only dest
+
+  // Repeated fields
+  source.add_repeated_int32(5);  // only source
+  source.add_repeated_int32(6);
+  source.add_repeated_int64(7);  // both source and dest
+  source.add_repeated_int64(8);
+  dest.add_repeated_int64(9);
+  dest.add_repeated_int64(10);
+  dest.add_repeated_uint32(11);  // only dest
+  dest.add_repeated_uint32(12);
+
+  dest.MergeFrom(source);
+
+  // Optional fields: source overwrites dest if source is specified
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, dest.optional_int32());   // only source: use source
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, dest.optional_int64());   // source and dest: use source
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, dest.optional_uint32());  // only dest: use dest
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, dest.optional_uint64());  // neither: use default
+
+  // Optional fields with defaults
+  EXPECT_EQ(13, dest.default_int32());   // only source: use source
+  EXPECT_EQ(14, dest.default_int64());   // source and dest: use source
+  EXPECT_EQ(16, dest.default_uint32());  // only dest: use dest
+  EXPECT_EQ(44, dest.default_uint64());  // neither: use default
+
+  // Repeated fields: concatenate source onto the end of dest
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, dest.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, dest.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, dest.repeated_int32(1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(4, dest.repeated_int64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(9, dest.repeated_int64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, dest.repeated_int64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, dest.repeated_int64(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, dest.repeated_int64(3));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, dest.repeated_uint32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, dest.repeated_uint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, dest.repeated_uint32(1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, dest.repeated_uint64_size());
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, IsInitialized) {
+  UNITTEST::TestIsInitialized msg;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(msg.IsInitialized());
+  UNITTEST::TestIsInitialized::SubMessage* sub_message =
+      msg.mutable_sub_message();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(msg.IsInitialized());
+  UNITTEST::TestIsInitialized::SubMessage::SubGroup* sub_group =
+      sub_message->mutable_subgroup();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(msg.IsInitialized());
+  sub_group->set_i(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(msg.IsInitialized());
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_FACTORY_TEST_NAME, GeneratedFactoryLookup) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(MessageFactory::generated_factory()->GetPrototype(
+                UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::descriptor()),
+            &UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::default_instance());
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_FACTORY_TEST_NAME, GeneratedFactoryUnknownType) {
+  // Construct a new descriptor.
+  DescriptorPool pool;
+  FileDescriptorProto file;
+  file.set_name("foo.proto");
+  file.add_message_type()->set_name("Foo");
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = pool.BuildFile(file)->message_type(0);
+
+  // Trying to construct it should return nullptr.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MessageFactory::generated_factory()->GetPrototype(descriptor) ==
+              nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(MESSAGE_TEST_NAME, MOMIParserEdgeCases) {
+  {
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes msg;
+    // Parser ends in last 16 bytes of buffer due to a 0.
+    std::string data;
+    // 12 bytes of data
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) data += "\370\1\1";
+    // 13 byte is terminator
+    data += '\0';  // Terminator
+    // followed by the rest of the stream
+    // space is ascii 32 so no end group
+    data += std::string(30, ' ');
+    io::ArrayInputStream zcis(data.data(), data.size(), 17);
+    io::CodedInputStream cis(&zcis);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(msg.MergePartialFromCodedStream(&cis));
+    EXPECT_EQ(cis.CurrentPosition(), 3 * 4 + 1);
+  }
+  {
+    // Parser ends in last 16 bytes of buffer due to a end-group.
+    // Must use a message that is a group. Otherwise ending on a group end is
+    // a failure.
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::OptionalGroup msg;
+    std::string data;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) data += "\370\1\1";
+    data += '\14';  // Octal end-group tag 12 (1 * 8 + 4(
+    data += std::string(30, ' ');
+    io::ArrayInputStream zcis(data.data(), data.size(), 17);
+    io::CodedInputStream cis(&zcis);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(msg.MergePartialFromCodedStream(&cis));
+    EXPECT_EQ(cis.CurrentPosition(), 3 * 3 + 1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(cis.LastTagWas(12));
+  }
+  {
+    // Parser ends in last 16 bytes of buffer due to a end-group. But is inside
+    // a length delimited field.
+    // a failure.
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::OptionalGroup msg;
+    std::string data;
+    data += "\22\3foo";
+    data += '\14';  // Octal end-group tag 12 (1 * 8 + 4(
+    data += std::string(30, ' ');
+    io::ArrayInputStream zcis(data.data(), data.size(), 17);
+    io::CodedInputStream cis(&zcis);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(msg.MergePartialFromCodedStream(&cis));
+    EXPECT_EQ(cis.CurrentPosition(), 6);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(cis.LastTagWas(12));
+  }
+  {
+    // Parser fails when ending on 0 if from ZeroCopyInputStream
+    UNITTEST::TestAllTypes msg;
+    std::string data;
+    // 12 bytes of data
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) data += "\370\1\1";
+    // 13 byte is terminator
+    data += '\0';  // Terminator
+    data += std::string(30, ' ');
+    io::ArrayInputStream zcis(data.data(), data.size(), 17);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(msg.ParsePartialFromZeroCopyStream(&zcis));
+  }
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/metadata.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/metadata.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..009a7e93a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/metadata.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This header file defines an internal class that encapsulates internal message
+// metadata (Unknown-field set, Arena pointer, ...) and allows its
+// representation to be made more space-efficient via various optimizations.
+//
+// Note that this is distinct from google::protobuf::Metadata, which encapsulates
+// Descriptor and Reflection pointers.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_METADATA_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_METADATA_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+class InternalMetadataWithArena
+    : public InternalMetadataWithArenaBase<UnknownFieldSet,
+                                           InternalMetadataWithArena> {
+ public:
+  InternalMetadataWithArena() {}
+  explicit InternalMetadataWithArena(Arena* arena)
+      : InternalMetadataWithArenaBase<UnknownFieldSet,
+                                      InternalMetadataWithArena>(arena) {}
+
+  void DoSwap(UnknownFieldSet* other) { mutable_unknown_fields()->Swap(other); }
+
+  void DoMergeFrom(const UnknownFieldSet& other) {
+    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(other);
+  }
+
+  void DoClear() { mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear(); }
+
+  static const UnknownFieldSet& default_instance() {
+    return *UnknownFieldSet::default_instance();
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_METADATA_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/metadata_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/metadata_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40c7ea785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/metadata_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_METADATA_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_METADATA_LITE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// This is the representation for messages that support arena allocation. It
+// uses a tagged pointer to either store the Arena pointer, if there are no
+// unknown fields, or a pointer to a block of memory with both the Arena pointer
+// and the UnknownFieldSet, if there are unknown fields. This optimization
+// allows for "zero-overhead" storage of the Arena pointer, relative to the
+// above baseline implementation.
+//
+// The tagged pointer uses the LSB to disambiguate cases, and uses bit 0 == 0 to
+// indicate an arena pointer and bit 0 == 1 to indicate a UFS+Arena-container
+// pointer.
+template <class T, class Derived>
+class InternalMetadataWithArenaBase {
+ public:
+  InternalMetadataWithArenaBase() : ptr_(NULL) {}
+  explicit InternalMetadataWithArenaBase(Arena* arena) : ptr_(arena) {}
+
+  ~InternalMetadataWithArenaBase() {
+    if (have_unknown_fields() && arena() == NULL) {
+      delete PtrValue<Container>();
+    }
+    ptr_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE const T& unknown_fields() const {
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(have_unknown_fields())) {
+      return PtrValue<Container>()->unknown_fields;
+    } else {
+      return Derived::default_instance();
+    }
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE T* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(have_unknown_fields())) {
+      return &PtrValue<Container>()->unknown_fields;
+    } else {
+      return mutable_unknown_fields_slow();
+    }
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE Arena* arena() const {
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(have_unknown_fields())) {
+      return PtrValue<Container>()->arena;
+    } else {
+      return PtrValue<Arena>();
+    }
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE bool have_unknown_fields() const {
+    return PtrTag() == kTagContainer;
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE void Swap(Derived* other) {
+    // Semantics here are that we swap only the unknown fields, not the arena
+    // pointer. We cannot simply swap ptr_ with other->ptr_ because we need to
+    // maintain our own arena ptr. Also, our ptr_ and other's ptr_ may be in
+    // different states (direct arena pointer vs. container with UFS) so we
+    // cannot simply swap ptr_ and then restore the arena pointers. We reuse
+    // UFS's swap implementation instead.
+    if (have_unknown_fields() || other->have_unknown_fields()) {
+      static_cast<Derived*>(this)->DoSwap(other->mutable_unknown_fields());
+    }
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE void MergeFrom(const Derived& other) {
+    if (other.have_unknown_fields()) {
+      static_cast<Derived*>(this)->DoMergeFrom(other.unknown_fields());
+    }
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE void Clear() {
+    if (have_unknown_fields()) {
+      static_cast<Derived*>(this)->DoClear();
+    }
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE void* raw_arena_ptr() const { return ptr_; }
+
+ private:
+  void* ptr_;
+
+  // Tagged pointer implementation.
+  enum {
+    // ptr_ is an Arena*.
+    kTagArena = 0,
+    // ptr_ is a Container*.
+    kTagContainer = 1,
+  };
+  static const intptr_t kPtrTagMask = 1;
+  static const intptr_t kPtrValueMask = ~kPtrTagMask;
+
+  // Accessors for pointer tag and pointer value.
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE int PtrTag() const {
+    return reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(ptr_) & kPtrTagMask;
+  }
+
+  template <typename U>
+  U* PtrValue() const {
+    return reinterpret_cast<U*>(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(ptr_) &
+                                kPtrValueMask);
+  }
+
+  // If ptr_'s tag is kTagContainer, it points to an instance of this struct.
+  struct Container {
+    T unknown_fields;
+    Arena* arena;
+  };
+
+  PROTOBUF_NOINLINE T* mutable_unknown_fields_slow() {
+    Arena* my_arena = arena();
+    Container* container = Arena::Create<Container>(my_arena);
+    // Two-step assignment works around a bug in clang's static analyzer:
+    // https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=34198.
+    ptr_ = container;
+    ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(ptr_) |
+                                   kTagContainer);
+    container->arena = my_arena;
+    return &(container->unknown_fields);
+  }
+};
+
+// We store unknown fields as a std::string right now, because there is
+// currently no good interface for reading unknown fields into an ArenaString.
+// We may want to revisit this to allow unknown fields to be parsed onto the
+// Arena.
+class InternalMetadataWithArenaLite
+    : public InternalMetadataWithArenaBase<std::string,
+                                           InternalMetadataWithArenaLite> {
+ public:
+  InternalMetadataWithArenaLite() {}
+
+  explicit InternalMetadataWithArenaLite(Arena* arena)
+      : InternalMetadataWithArenaBase<std::string,
+                                      InternalMetadataWithArenaLite>(arena) {}
+
+  void DoSwap(std::string* other) { mutable_unknown_fields()->swap(*other); }
+
+  void DoMergeFrom(const std::string& other) {
+    mutable_unknown_fields()->append(other);
+  }
+
+  void DoClear() { mutable_unknown_fields()->clear(); }
+
+  static const std::string& default_instance() {
+    // Can't use GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited() here because empty string
+    // may not have been initalized yet. This happens when protocol compiler
+    // statically determines the user can't access defaults and omits init code
+    // from proto constructors. However unknown fields are always part of a
+    // proto so it needs to be lazily initailzed. See b/112613846.
+    return GetEmptyString();
+  }
+};
+
+// This helper RAII class is needed to efficiently parse unknown fields. We
+// should only call mutable_unknown_fields if there are actual unknown fields.
+// The obvious thing to just use a stack string and swap it at the end of
+// the parse won't work, because the destructor of StringOutputStream needs to
+// be called before we can modify the string (it check-fails). Using
+// LiteUnknownFieldSetter setter(&_internal_metadata_);
+// StringOutputStream stream(setter.buffer());
+// guarantees that the string is only swapped after stream is destroyed.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT LiteUnknownFieldSetter {
+ public:
+  explicit LiteUnknownFieldSetter(InternalMetadataWithArenaLite* metadata)
+      : metadata_(metadata) {
+    if (metadata->have_unknown_fields()) {
+      buffer_.swap(*metadata->mutable_unknown_fields());
+    }
+  }
+  ~LiteUnknownFieldSetter() {
+    if (!buffer_.empty()) metadata_->mutable_unknown_fields()->swap(buffer_);
+  }
+  std::string* buffer() { return &buffer_; }
+
+ private:
+  InternalMetadataWithArenaLite* metadata_;
+  std::string buffer_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_METADATA_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/no_field_presence_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/no_field_presence_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea23d28d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/no_field_presence_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_no_field_presence.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+
+// Helper: checks that all fields have default (zero/empty) values.
+void CheckDefaultValues(
+    const proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes& m) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_int64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_uint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_uint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_sint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_sint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_double());
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, m.optional_bool());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_string().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_bytes().size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, m.has_optional_nested_message());
+  // accessor for message fields returns default instance when not present
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, m.has_optional_proto2_message());
+  // Embedded proto2 messages still have proto2 semantics, e.g. non-zero default
+  // values. Here the submessage is not present but its accessor returns the
+  // default instance.
+  EXPECT_EQ(41, m.optional_proto2_message().default_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, m.has_optional_foreign_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO,
+            m.optional_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::FOREIGN_FOO,
+            m.optional_foreign_enum());
+
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_int64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_uint32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_uint64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_sint32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_sint64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_fixed32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_fixed64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_sfixed32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_sfixed64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_float_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_double_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_bool_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_bytes_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_proto2_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_foreign_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, m.repeated_lazy_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::ONEOF_FIELD_NOT_SET,
+            m.oneof_field_case());
+}
+
+void FillValues(proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes* m) {
+  m->set_optional_int32(100);
+  m->set_optional_int64(101);
+  m->set_optional_uint32(102);
+  m->set_optional_uint64(103);
+  m->set_optional_sint32(104);
+  m->set_optional_sint64(105);
+  m->set_optional_fixed32(106);
+  m->set_optional_fixed64(107);
+  m->set_optional_sfixed32(108);
+  m->set_optional_sfixed64(109);
+  m->set_optional_float(110.0);
+  m->set_optional_double(111.0);
+  m->set_optional_bool(true);
+  m->set_optional_string("asdf");
+  m->set_optional_bytes("jkl;");
+  m->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(42);
+  m->mutable_optional_foreign_message()->set_c(43);
+  m->mutable_optional_proto2_message()->set_optional_int32(44);
+  m->set_optional_nested_enum(
+      proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  m->set_optional_foreign_enum(proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  m->mutable_optional_lazy_message()->set_bb(45);
+  m->add_repeated_int32(100);
+  m->add_repeated_int64(101);
+  m->add_repeated_uint32(102);
+  m->add_repeated_uint64(103);
+  m->add_repeated_sint32(104);
+  m->add_repeated_sint64(105);
+  m->add_repeated_fixed32(106);
+  m->add_repeated_fixed64(107);
+  m->add_repeated_sfixed32(108);
+  m->add_repeated_sfixed64(109);
+  m->add_repeated_float(110.0);
+  m->add_repeated_double(111.0);
+  m->add_repeated_bool(true);
+  m->add_repeated_string("asdf");
+  m->add_repeated_bytes("jkl;");
+  m->add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(46);
+  m->add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(47);
+  m->add_repeated_proto2_message()->set_optional_int32(48);
+  m->add_repeated_nested_enum(
+      proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  m->add_repeated_foreign_enum(proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  m->add_repeated_lazy_message()->set_bb(49);
+
+  m->set_oneof_uint32(1);
+  m->mutable_oneof_nested_message()->set_bb(50);
+  m->set_oneof_string("test");  // only this one remains set
+}
+
+void CheckNonDefaultValues(
+    const proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes& m) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, m.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(101, m.optional_int64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(102, m.optional_uint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(103, m.optional_uint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(104, m.optional_sint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(105, m.optional_sint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(106, m.optional_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(107, m.optional_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(108, m.optional_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(109, m.optional_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(110.0, m.optional_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(111.0, m.optional_double());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.optional_bool());
+  EXPECT_EQ("asdf", m.optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("jkl;", m.optional_bytes());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.has_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, m.optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.has_optional_foreign_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(43, m.optional_foreign_message().c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.has_optional_proto2_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(44, m.optional_proto2_message().optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ,
+            m.optional_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ,
+            m.optional_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.has_optional_lazy_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(45, m.optional_lazy_message().bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, m.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_int64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(101, m.repeated_int64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_uint32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(102, m.repeated_uint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_uint64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(103, m.repeated_uint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_sint32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(104, m.repeated_sint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_sint64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(105, m.repeated_sint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_fixed32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(106, m.repeated_fixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_fixed64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(107, m.repeated_fixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_sfixed32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(108, m.repeated_sfixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_sfixed64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(109, m.repeated_sfixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_float_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(110.0, m.repeated_float(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_double_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(111.0, m.repeated_double(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_bool_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.repeated_bool(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("asdf", m.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_bytes_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("jkl;", m.repeated_bytes(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(46, m.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(47, m.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_proto2_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(48, m.repeated_proto2_message(0).optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ,
+            m.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_foreign_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ,
+            m.repeated_foreign_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_lazy_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(49, m.repeated_lazy_message(0).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::kOneofString,
+            m.oneof_field_case());
+  EXPECT_EQ("test", m.oneof_string());
+}
+
+TEST(NoFieldPresenceTest, BasicMessageTest) {
+  proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  // Check default values, fill all fields, check values. We just want to
+  // exercise the basic getters/setter paths here to make sure no
+  // field-presence-related changes broke these.
+  CheckDefaultValues(message);
+  FillValues(&message);
+  CheckNonDefaultValues(message);
+
+  // Clear() should be equivalent to getting a freshly-constructed message.
+  message.Clear();
+  CheckDefaultValues(message);
+}
+
+TEST(NoFieldPresenceTest, MessageFieldPresenceTest) {
+  // check that presence still works properly for message fields.
+  proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.has_optional_nested_message());
+  // Getter should fetch default instance, and not cause the field to become
+  // present.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.has_optional_nested_message());
+  message.mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.has_optional_nested_message());
+  message.clear_optional_nested_message();
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.has_optional_nested_message());
+
+  // Likewise for a lazy message field.
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.has_optional_lazy_message());
+  // Getter should fetch default instance, and not cause the field to become
+  // present.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_lazy_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.has_optional_lazy_message());
+  message.mutable_optional_lazy_message()->set_bb(42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.has_optional_lazy_message());
+  message.clear_optional_lazy_message();
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.has_optional_lazy_message());
+
+  // Test field presence of a message field on the default instance.
+  EXPECT_EQ(false,
+            proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::default_instance()
+                .has_optional_nested_message());
+}
+
+TEST(NoFieldPresenceTest, ReflectionHasFieldTest) {
+  // check that HasField reports true on all scalar fields. Check that it
+  // behaves properly for message fields.
+
+  proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  const Reflection* r = message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* desc = message.GetDescriptor();
+
+  // Check initial state: scalars not present (due to need to be consistent with
+  // MergeFrom()), message fields not present, oneofs not present.
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = desc->field(i);
+    if (field->is_repeated()) continue;
+    EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, field));
+  }
+
+  // Test field presence of a message field on the default instance.
+  const FieldDescriptor* msg_field =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      false,
+      r->HasField(
+          proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::default_instance(),
+          msg_field));
+
+  // Fill all fields, expect everything to report true (check oneofs below).
+  FillValues(&message);
+  for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = desc->field(i);
+    if (field->is_repeated() || field->containing_oneof()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (field->options().ctype() != FieldOptions::STRING) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(true, r->HasField(message, field));
+  }
+
+  message.Clear();
+
+  // Check zero/empty-means-not-present semantics.
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_int32 = desc->FindFieldByName("optional_int32");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_double =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_double");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_string =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_string");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, field_int32));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, field_double));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, field_string));
+
+  message.set_optional_int32(42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, r->HasField(message, field_int32));
+  message.set_optional_int32(0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, field_int32));
+
+  message.set_optional_double(42.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, r->HasField(message, field_double));
+  message.set_optional_double(0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, field_double));
+
+  message.set_optional_string("test");
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, r->HasField(message, field_string));
+  message.set_optional_string("");
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, field_string));
+}
+
+TEST(NoFieldPresenceTest, ReflectionClearFieldTest) {
+  proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  const Reflection* r = message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* desc = message.GetDescriptor();
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_int32 = desc->FindFieldByName("optional_int32");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_double =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_double");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_string =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_string");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_message =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_lazy =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_lazy_message");
+
+  message.set_optional_int32(42);
+  r->ClearField(&message, field_int32);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_int32());
+
+  message.set_optional_double(42.0);
+  r->ClearField(&message, field_double);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0.0, message.optional_double());
+
+  message.set_optional_string("test");
+  r->ClearField(&message, field_string);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.optional_string());
+
+  message.mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(1234);
+  r->ClearField(&message, field_message);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_nested_message().bb());
+
+  message.mutable_optional_lazy_message()->set_bb(42);
+  r->ClearField(&message, field_lazy);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_lazy_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_lazy_message().bb());
+}
+
+TEST(NoFieldPresenceTest, HasFieldOneofsTest) {
+  // check that HasField behaves properly for oneofs.
+  proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  const Reflection* r = message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* desc = message.GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* desc_oneof_uint32 =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("oneof_uint32");
+  const FieldDescriptor* desc_oneof_nested_message =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("oneof_nested_message");
+  const FieldDescriptor* desc_oneof_string =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("oneof_string");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(desc_oneof_uint32 != nullptr);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(desc_oneof_nested_message != nullptr);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(desc_oneof_string != nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, desc_oneof_uint32));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, desc_oneof_nested_message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, desc_oneof_string));
+
+  message.set_oneof_string("test");
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, desc_oneof_uint32));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, desc_oneof_nested_message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, r->HasField(message, desc_oneof_string));
+  message.mutable_oneof_nested_message()->set_bb(42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, desc_oneof_uint32));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, r->HasField(message, desc_oneof_nested_message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, desc_oneof_string));
+
+  message.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, desc_oneof_uint32));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, desc_oneof_nested_message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, desc_oneof_string));
+}
+
+TEST(NoFieldPresenceTest, DontSerializeDefaultValuesTest) {
+  // check that serialized data contains only non-zero numeric fields/non-empty
+  // string/byte fields.
+  proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  std::string output;
+
+  // All default values -> no output.
+  message.SerializeToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, output.size());
+
+  // Zero values -> still no output.
+  message.set_optional_int32(0);
+  message.set_optional_int64(0);
+  message.set_optional_uint32(0);
+  message.set_optional_uint64(0);
+  message.set_optional_sint32(0);
+  message.set_optional_sint64(0);
+  message.set_optional_fixed32(0);
+  message.set_optional_fixed64(0);
+  message.set_optional_sfixed32(0);
+  message.set_optional_sfixed64(0);
+  message.set_optional_float(0);
+  message.set_optional_double(0);
+  message.set_optional_bool(0);
+  message.set_optional_string("");
+  message.set_optional_bytes("");
+  message.set_optional_nested_enum(
+      proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO);  // first enum entry
+  message.set_optional_foreign_enum(
+      proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::FOREIGN_FOO);  // first enum entry
+
+  message.SerializeToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, output.size());
+
+  message.set_optional_int32(1);
+  message.SerializeToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, output.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("\x08\x01", output);
+
+  message.set_optional_int32(0);
+  message.SerializeToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, output.size());
+}
+
+TEST(NoFieldPresenceTest, MergeFromIfNonzeroTest) {
+  // check that MergeFrom copies if nonzero/nondefault only.
+  proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes source;
+  proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes dest;
+
+  dest.set_optional_int32(42);
+  dest.set_optional_string("test");
+  source.set_optional_int32(0);
+  source.set_optional_string("");
+  // MergeFrom() copies only if present in serialization, i.e., non-zero.
+  dest.MergeFrom(source);
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, dest.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ("test", dest.optional_string());
+
+  source.set_optional_int32(84);
+  source.set_optional_string("test2");
+  dest.MergeFrom(source);
+  EXPECT_EQ(84, dest.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ("test2", dest.optional_string());
+}
+
+TEST(NoFieldPresenceTest, IsInitializedTest) {
+  // Check that IsInitialized works properly.
+  proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestProto2Required message;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.IsInitialized());
+  message.mutable_proto2()->set_a(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.IsInitialized());
+  message.mutable_proto2()->set_b(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.IsInitialized());
+  message.mutable_proto2()->set_c(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.IsInitialized());
+}
+
+TEST(NoFieldPresenceTest, LazyMessageFieldHasBit) {
+  // Check that has-bit interaction with lazy message works (has-bit before and
+  // after lazy decode).
+  proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  const Reflection* r = message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* desc = message.GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = desc->FindFieldByName("optional_lazy_message");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(field != nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.has_optional_lazy_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, r->HasField(message, field));
+
+  message.mutable_optional_lazy_message()->set_bb(42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.has_optional_lazy_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, r->HasField(message, field));
+
+  // Serialize and parse with a new message object so that lazy field on new
+  // object is in unparsed state.
+  std::string output;
+  message.SerializeToString(&output);
+  proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes message2;
+  message2.ParseFromString(output);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message2.has_optional_lazy_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, r->HasField(message2, field));
+
+  // Access field to force lazy parse.
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, message.optional_lazy_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message2.has_optional_lazy_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, r->HasField(message2, field));
+}
+
+TEST(NoFieldPresenceTest, OneofPresence) {
+  proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  // oneof fields still have field presence -- ensure that this goes on the wire
+  // even though its value is the empty string.
+  message.set_oneof_string("");
+  std::string serialized;
+  message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+  // Tag: 113 --> tag is (113 << 3) | 2 (length delimited) = 906
+  // varint: 0x8a 0x07
+  // Length: 0x00
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, serialized.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<char>(0x8a), serialized.at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<char>(0x07), serialized.at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<char>(0x00), serialized.at(2));
+
+  message.Clear();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::kOneofString,
+            message.oneof_field_case());
+
+  // Also test int32 and enum fields.
+  message.Clear();
+  message.set_oneof_uint32(0);  // would not go on wire if ordinary field.
+  message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, serialized.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::kOneofUint32,
+            message.oneof_field_case());
+
+  message.Clear();
+  message.set_oneof_enum(
+      proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO);  // default
+                                                            // value.
+  message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, serialized.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest::TestAllTypes::kOneofEnum,
+            message.oneof_field_case());
+
+  message.Clear();
+  message.set_oneof_string("test");
+  message.clear_oneof_string();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ByteSize());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/package_info.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/package_info.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b61679af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/package_info.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file exists solely to document the google::protobuf namespace.
+// It is not compiled into anything, but it may be read by an automated
+// documentation generator.
+
+// Core components of the Protocol Buffers runtime library.
+//
+// The files in this package represent the core of the Protocol Buffer
+// system.  All of them are part of the libprotobuf library.
+//
+// A note on thread-safety:
+//
+// Thread-safety in the Protocol Buffer library follows a simple rule:
+// unless explicitly noted otherwise, it is always safe to use an object
+// from multiple threads simultaneously as long as the object is declared
+// const in all threads (or, it is only used in ways that would be allowed
+// if it were declared const).  However, if an object is accessed in one
+// thread in a way that would not be allowed if it were const, then it is
+// not safe to access that object in any other thread simultaneously.
+//
+// Put simply, read-only access to an object can happen in multiple threads
+// simultaneously, but write access can only happen in a single thread at
+// a time.
+//
+// The implementation does contain some "const" methods which actually modify
+// the object behind the scenes -- e.g., to cache results -- but in these cases
+// mutex locking is used to make the access thread-safe.
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+// TODO(gerbens) remove this comment, we need it to prevent clang-format
+// from combining the brackets. Which would mess with extract script
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/parse_context.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/parse_context.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6cf63b785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/parse_context.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/parse_context.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Only call if at start of tag.
+bool ParseEndsInSlopRegion(const char* begin, int overrun, int d) {
+  constexpr int kSlopBytes = EpsCopyInputStream::kSlopBytes;
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(overrun >= 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(overrun <= kSlopBytes);
+  auto ptr = begin + overrun;
+  auto end = begin + kSlopBytes;
+  while (ptr < end) {
+    uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    if (ptr == nullptr || ptr > end) return false;
+    // ending on 0 tag is allowed and is the major reason for the necessity of
+    // this function.
+    if (tag == 0) return true;
+    switch (tag & 7) {
+      case 0: {  // Varint
+        uint64 val;
+        ptr = VarintParse(ptr, &val);
+        if (ptr == nullptr) return false;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 1: {  // fixed64
+        ptr += 8;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 2: {  // len delim
+        int32 size = ReadSize(&ptr);
+        if (ptr == nullptr || size > end - ptr) return false;
+        ptr += size;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 3: {  // start group
+        d++;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 4: {                    // end group
+        if (--d < 0) return true;  // We exit early
+        break;
+      }
+      case 5: {  // fixed32
+        ptr += 4;
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        return false;  // Unknown wireformat
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+const char* EpsCopyInputStream::Next(int overrun, int d) {
+  if (next_chunk_ == nullptr) return nullptr;  // We've reached end of stream.
+  if (next_chunk_ != buffer_) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(size_ > kSlopBytes);
+    // The chunk is large enough to be used directly
+    buffer_end_ = next_chunk_ + size_ - kSlopBytes;
+    auto res = next_chunk_;
+    next_chunk_ = buffer_;
+    if (aliasing_ == kOnPatch) aliasing_ = kNoDelta;
+    return res;
+  }
+  // Move the slop bytes of previous buffer to start of the patch buffer.
+  // Note we must use memmove because the previous buffer could be part of
+  // buffer_.
+  std::memmove(buffer_, buffer_end_, kSlopBytes);
+  if (overall_limit_ > 0 &&
+      (d < 0 || !ParseEndsInSlopRegion(buffer_, overrun, d))) {
+    const void* data;
+    // ZeroCopyInputStream indicates Next may return 0 size buffers. Hence
+    // we loop.
+    while (StreamNext(&data)) {
+      if (size_ > kSlopBytes) {
+        // We got a large chunk
+        std::memcpy(buffer_ + kSlopBytes, data, kSlopBytes);
+        next_chunk_ = static_cast<const char*>(data);
+        buffer_end_ = buffer_ + kSlopBytes;
+        if (aliasing_ >= kNoDelta) aliasing_ = kOnPatch;
+        return buffer_;
+      } else if (size_ > 0) {
+        std::memcpy(buffer_ + kSlopBytes, data, size_);
+        next_chunk_ = buffer_;
+        buffer_end_ = buffer_ + size_;
+        if (aliasing_ >= kNoDelta) aliasing_ = kOnPatch;
+        return buffer_;
+      }
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(size_ == 0) << size_;
+    }
+    overall_limit_ = 0;  // Next failed, no more needs for next
+  }
+  // End of stream or array
+  if (aliasing_ == kNoDelta) {
+    // If there is no more block and aliasing is true, the previous block
+    // is still valid and we can alias. We have users relying on string_view's
+    // obtained from protos to outlive the proto, when the parse was from an
+    // array. This guarantees string_view's are always aliased if parsed from
+    // an array.
+    aliasing_ = reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(buffer_end_) -
+                reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(buffer_);
+  }
+  next_chunk_ = nullptr;
+  buffer_end_ = buffer_ + kSlopBytes;
+  size_ = 0;
+  return buffer_;
+}
+
+std::pair<const char*, bool> EpsCopyInputStream::DoneFallback(const char* ptr,
+                                                              int d) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(ptr >= limit_end_);
+  int overrun = ptr - buffer_end_;
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(overrun <= kSlopBytes);  // Guaranteed by parse loop.
+  // Did we exceeded the limit (parse error).
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(overrun > limit_)) return {nullptr, true};
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(overrun != limit_);  // Guaranteed by caller.
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(overrun < limit_);   // Follows from above
+  // TODO(gerbens) Instead of this dcheck we could just assign, and remove
+  // updating the limit_end from PopLimit, ie.
+  // limit_end_ = buffer_end_ + (std::min)(0, limit_);
+  // if (ptr < limit_end_) return {ptr, false};
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(limit_end_ == buffer_end_ + (std::min)(0, limit_));
+  // At this point we know the following assertion holds.
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(limit_ > 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(limit_end_ == buffer_end_);  // because limit_ > 0
+  do {
+    // We are past the end of buffer_end_, in the slop region.
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(overrun >= 0);
+    auto p = Next(overrun, d);
+    if (p == nullptr) {
+      // We are at the end of the stream
+      if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(overrun != 0)) return {nullptr, true};
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(limit_ > 0);
+      limit_end_ = buffer_end_;
+      // Distinquish ending on a pushed limit or ending on end-of-stream.
+      SetEndOfStream();
+      return {ptr, true};
+    }
+    limit_ -= buffer_end_ - p;  // Adjust limit_ relative to new anchor
+    ptr = p + overrun;
+    overrun = ptr - buffer_end_;
+  } while (overrun >= 0);
+  limit_end_ = buffer_end_ + std::min(0, limit_);
+  return {ptr, false};
+}
+
+const char* EpsCopyInputStream::SkipFallback(const char* ptr, int size) {
+  return AppendSize(ptr, size, [](const char* p, int s) {});
+}
+
+const char* EpsCopyInputStream::ReadStringFallback(const char* ptr, int size,
+                                                   std::string* str) {
+  str->clear();
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(size <= buffer_end_ - ptr + limit_)) {
+    // Reserve the string up to a static safe size. If strings are bigger than
+    // this we proceed by growing the string as needed. This protects against
+    // malicious payloads making protobuf hold on to a lot of memory.
+    str->reserve(str->size() + std::min<int>(size, kSafeStringSize));
+  }
+  return AppendSize(ptr, size,
+                    [str](const char* p, int s) { str->append(p, s); });
+}
+
+const char* EpsCopyInputStream::AppendStringFallback(const char* ptr, int size,
+                                                     std::string* str) {
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(size <= buffer_end_ - ptr + limit_)) {
+    // Reserve the string up to a static safe size. If strings are bigger than
+    // this we proceed by growing the string as needed. This protects against
+    // malicious payloads making protobuf hold on to a lot of memory.
+    str->reserve(str->size() + std::min<int>(size, kSafeStringSize));
+  }
+  return AppendSize(ptr, size,
+                    [str](const char* p, int s) { str->append(p, s); });
+}
+
+
+template <typename Tag, typename T>
+const char* EpsCopyInputStream::ReadRepeatedFixed(const char* ptr,
+                                                  Tag expected_tag,
+                                                  RepeatedField<T>* out) {
+  do {
+    out->Add(UnalignedLoad<T>(ptr));
+    ptr += sizeof(T);
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(ptr >= limit_end_)) return ptr;
+  } while (UnalignedLoad<Tag>(ptr) == expected_tag&& ptr += sizeof(Tag));
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+template <int>
+void byteswap(void* p);
+template <>
+void byteswap<1>(void* p) {}
+template <>
+void byteswap<4>(void* p) {
+  *static_cast<uint32*>(p) = bswap_32(*static_cast<uint32*>(p));
+}
+template <>
+void byteswap<8>(void* p) {
+  *static_cast<uint64*>(p) = bswap_64(*static_cast<uint64*>(p));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+const char* EpsCopyInputStream::ReadPackedFixed(const char* ptr, int size,
+                                                RepeatedField<T>* out) {
+  int nbytes = buffer_end_ + kSlopBytes - ptr;
+  while (size > nbytes) {
+    int num = nbytes / sizeof(T);
+    int old_entries = out->size();
+    out->Reserve(old_entries + num);
+    int block_size = num * sizeof(T);
+    auto dst = out->AddNAlreadyReserved(num);
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+    std::memcpy(dst, ptr, block_size);
+#else
+    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
+      dst[i] = UnalignedLoad<T>(ptr + i * sizeof(T));
+#endif
+    ptr += block_size;
+    size -= block_size;
+    if (DoneWithCheck(&ptr, -1)) return nullptr;
+    nbytes = buffer_end_ + kSlopBytes - ptr;
+  }
+  int num = size / sizeof(T);
+  int old_entries = out->size();
+  out->Reserve(old_entries + num);
+  int block_size = num * sizeof(T);
+  auto dst = out->AddNAlreadyReserved(num);
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+  std::memcpy(dst, ptr, block_size);
+#else
+  for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) dst[i] = UnalignedLoad<T>(ptr + i * sizeof(T));
+#endif
+  ptr += block_size;
+  if (size != block_size) return nullptr;
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+const char* EpsCopyInputStream::InitFrom(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* zcis) {
+  zcis_ = zcis;
+  const void* data;
+  int size;
+  limit_ = INT_MAX;
+  if (zcis->Next(&data, &size)) {
+    overall_limit_ -= size;
+    if (size > kSlopBytes) {
+      auto ptr = static_cast<const char*>(data);
+      limit_ -= size - kSlopBytes;
+      limit_end_ = buffer_end_ = ptr + size - kSlopBytes;
+      next_chunk_ = buffer_;
+      if (aliasing_ == kOnPatch) aliasing_ = kNoDelta;
+      return ptr;
+    } else {
+      limit_end_ = buffer_end_ = buffer_ + kSlopBytes;
+      next_chunk_ = buffer_;
+      auto ptr = buffer_ + 2 * kSlopBytes - size;
+      std::memcpy(ptr, data, size);
+      return ptr;
+    }
+  }
+  overall_limit_ = 0;
+  next_chunk_ = nullptr;
+  size_ = 0;
+  limit_end_ = buffer_end_ = buffer_;
+  return buffer_;
+}
+
+const char* ParseContext::ParseMessage(MessageLite* msg, const char* ptr) {
+  return ParseMessage<MessageLite>(msg, ptr);
+}
+const char* ParseContext::ParseMessage(Message* msg, const char* ptr) {
+  // Use reinterptret case to prevent inclusion of non lite header
+  return ParseMessage(reinterpret_cast<MessageLite*>(msg), ptr);
+}
+
+inline void WriteVarint(uint64 val, std::string* s) {
+  while (val >= 128) {
+    uint8 c = val | 0x80;
+    s->push_back(c);
+    val >>= 7;
+  }
+  s->push_back(val);
+}
+
+void WriteVarint(uint32 num, uint64 val, std::string* s) {
+  WriteVarint(num << 3, s);
+  WriteVarint(val, s);
+}
+
+void WriteLengthDelimited(uint32 num, StringPiece val, std::string* s) {
+  WriteVarint((num << 3) + 2, s);
+  WriteVarint(val.size(), s);
+  s->append(val.data(), val.size());
+}
+
+std::pair<const char*, uint32> VarintParseSlow32(const char* p, uint32 res) {
+  for (std::uint32_t i = 2; i < 5; i++) {
+    uint32 byte = static_cast<uint8>(p[i]);
+    res += (byte - 1) << (7 * i);
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(byte < 128)) {
+      return {p + i + 1, res};
+    }
+  }
+  // Accept >5 bytes
+  for (std::uint32_t i = 5; i < 10; i++) {
+    uint32 byte = static_cast<uint8>(p[i]);
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(byte < 128)) {
+      return {p + i + 1, res};
+    }
+  }
+  return {nullptr, 0};
+}
+
+std::pair<const char*, uint64> VarintParseSlow64(const char* p, uint32 res32) {
+  uint64 res = res32;
+  for (std::uint32_t i = 2; i < 10; i++) {
+    uint64 byte = static_cast<uint8>(p[i]);
+    res += (byte - 1) << (7 * i);
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(byte < 128)) {
+      return {p + i + 1, res};
+    }
+  }
+  return {nullptr, 0};
+}
+
+std::pair<const char*, uint32> ReadTagFallback(const char* p, uint32 res) {
+  for (std::uint32_t i = 2; i < 5; i++) {
+    uint32 byte = static_cast<uint8>(p[i]);
+    res += (byte - 1) << (7 * i);
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(byte < 128)) {
+      return {p + i + 1, res};
+    }
+  }
+  return {nullptr, 0};
+}
+
+std::pair<const char*, int32> ReadSizeFallback(const char* p, uint32 res) {
+  for (std::uint32_t i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
+    uint32 byte = static_cast<uint8>(p[i]);
+    res += (byte - 1) << (7 * i);
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(byte < 128)) {
+      return {p + i + 1, res};
+    }
+  }
+  std::uint32_t byte = static_cast<uint8>(p[4]);
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(byte >= 8)) return {nullptr, 0};  // size >= 2gb
+  res += (byte - 1) << 28;
+  // Protect against sign integer overflow in PushLimit. Limits are relative
+  // to buffer ends and ptr could potential be kSlopBytes beyond a buffer end.
+  // To protect against overflow we reject limits absurdly close to INT_MAX.
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(res > INT_MAX - ParseContext::kSlopBytes)) {
+    return {nullptr, 0};
+  }
+  return {p + 5, res};
+}
+
+const char* StringParser(const char* begin, const char* end, void* object,
+                         ParseContext*) {
+  auto str = static_cast<std::string*>(object);
+  str->append(begin, end - begin);
+  return end;
+}
+
+// Defined in wire_format_lite.cc
+void PrintUTF8ErrorLog(const char* field_name, const char* operation_str,
+                       bool emit_stacktrace);
+
+bool VerifyUTF8(StringPiece str, const char* field_name) {
+  if (!IsStructurallyValidUTF8(str)) {
+    PrintUTF8ErrorLog(field_name, "parsing", false);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+const char* InlineGreedyStringParser(std::string* s, const char* ptr,
+                                     ParseContext* ctx) {
+  int size = ReadSize(&ptr);
+  if (!ptr) return nullptr;
+  return ctx->ReadString(ptr, size, s);
+}
+
+
+template <typename T, bool sign>
+const char* VarintParser(void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return ctx->ReadPackedVarint(ptr, [object](uint64 varint) {
+    T val;
+    if (sign) {
+      if (sizeof(T) == 8) {
+        val = WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode64(varint);
+      } else {
+        val = WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode32(varint);
+      }
+    } else {
+      val = varint;
+    }
+    static_cast<RepeatedField<T>*>(object)->Add(val);
+  });
+}
+
+const char* PackedInt32Parser(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                              ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return VarintParser<int32, false>(object, ptr, ctx);
+}
+const char* PackedUInt32Parser(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                               ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return VarintParser<uint32, false>(object, ptr, ctx);
+}
+const char* PackedInt64Parser(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                              ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return VarintParser<int64, false>(object, ptr, ctx);
+}
+const char* PackedUInt64Parser(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                               ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return VarintParser<uint64, false>(object, ptr, ctx);
+}
+const char* PackedSInt32Parser(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                               ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return VarintParser<int32, true>(object, ptr, ctx);
+}
+const char* PackedSInt64Parser(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                               ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return VarintParser<int64, true>(object, ptr, ctx);
+}
+
+const char* PackedEnumParser(void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return VarintParser<int, false>(object, ptr, ctx);
+}
+
+const char* PackedEnumParser(void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx,
+                             bool (*is_valid)(int),
+                             InternalMetadataWithArenaLite* metadata,
+                             int field_num) {
+  return ctx->ReadPackedVarint(
+      ptr, [object, is_valid, metadata, field_num](uint64 val) {
+        if (is_valid(val)) {
+          static_cast<RepeatedField<int>*>(object)->Add(val);
+        } else {
+          WriteVarint(field_num, val, metadata->mutable_unknown_fields());
+        }
+      });
+}
+
+const char* PackedEnumParserArg(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                                ParseContext* ctx,
+                                bool (*is_valid)(const void*, int),
+                                const void* data,
+                                InternalMetadataWithArenaLite* metadata,
+                                int field_num) {
+  return ctx->ReadPackedVarint(
+      ptr, [object, is_valid, data, metadata, field_num](uint64 val) {
+        if (is_valid(data, val)) {
+          static_cast<RepeatedField<int>*>(object)->Add(val);
+        } else {
+          WriteVarint(field_num, val, metadata->mutable_unknown_fields());
+        }
+      });
+}
+
+const char* PackedBoolParser(void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return VarintParser<bool, false>(object, ptr, ctx);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+const char* FixedParser(void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+  int size = ReadSize(&ptr);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+  return ctx->ReadPackedFixed(ptr, size,
+                              static_cast<RepeatedField<T>*>(object));
+}
+
+const char* PackedFixed32Parser(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                                ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return FixedParser<uint32>(object, ptr, ctx);
+}
+const char* PackedSFixed32Parser(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                                 ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return FixedParser<int32>(object, ptr, ctx);
+}
+const char* PackedFixed64Parser(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                                ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return FixedParser<uint64>(object, ptr, ctx);
+}
+const char* PackedSFixed64Parser(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                                 ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return FixedParser<int64>(object, ptr, ctx);
+}
+const char* PackedFloatParser(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                              ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return FixedParser<float>(object, ptr, ctx);
+}
+const char* PackedDoubleParser(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                               ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return FixedParser<double>(object, ptr, ctx);
+}
+
+class UnknownFieldLiteParserHelper {
+ public:
+  explicit UnknownFieldLiteParserHelper(std::string* unknown)
+      : unknown_(unknown) {}
+
+  void AddVarint(uint32 num, uint64 value) {
+    if (unknown_ == nullptr) return;
+    WriteVarint(num * 8, unknown_);
+    WriteVarint(value, unknown_);
+  }
+  void AddFixed64(uint32 num, uint64 value) {
+    if (unknown_ == nullptr) return;
+    WriteVarint(num * 8 + 1, unknown_);
+    char buffer[8];
+    io::CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian64ToArray(
+        value, reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(buffer));
+    unknown_->append(buffer, 8);
+  }
+  const char* ParseLengthDelimited(uint32 num, const char* ptr,
+                                   ParseContext* ctx) {
+    int size = ReadSize(&ptr);
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+    if (unknown_ == nullptr) return ctx->Skip(ptr, size);
+    WriteVarint(num * 8 + 2, unknown_);
+    WriteVarint(size, unknown_);
+    return ctx->AppendString(ptr, size, unknown_);
+  }
+  const char* ParseGroup(uint32 num, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+    if (unknown_) WriteVarint(num * 8 + 3, unknown_);
+    ptr = ctx->ParseGroup(this, ptr, num * 8 + 3);
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+    if (unknown_) WriteVarint(num * 8 + 4, unknown_);
+    return ptr;
+  }
+  void AddFixed32(uint32 num, uint32 value) {
+    if (unknown_ == nullptr) return;
+    WriteVarint(num * 8 + 5, unknown_);
+    char buffer[4];
+    io::CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian32ToArray(
+        value, reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(buffer));
+    unknown_->append(buffer, 4);
+  }
+
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+    return WireFormatParser(*this, ptr, ctx);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string* unknown_;
+};
+
+const char* UnknownGroupLiteParse(std::string* unknown, const char* ptr,
+                                  ParseContext* ctx) {
+  UnknownFieldLiteParserHelper field_parser(unknown);
+  return WireFormatParser(field_parser, ptr, ctx);
+}
+
+const char* UnknownFieldParse(uint32 tag, std::string* unknown, const char* ptr,
+                              ParseContext* ctx) {
+  UnknownFieldLiteParserHelper field_parser(unknown);
+  return FieldParser(tag, field_parser, ptr, ctx);
+}
+
+const char* UnknownFieldParse(uint32 tag,
+                              InternalMetadataWithArenaLite* metadata,
+                              const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return UnknownFieldParse(tag, metadata->mutable_unknown_fields(), ptr, ctx);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/parse_context.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/parse_context.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..553ed52d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/parse_context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,779 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSE_CONTEXT_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSE_CONTEXT_H__
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class UnknownFieldSet;
+class DescriptorPool;
+class MessageFactory;
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Template code below needs to know about the existence of these functions.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void WriteVarint(uint32 num, uint64 val, std::string* s);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void WriteLengthDelimited(uint32 num, StringPiece val,
+                                          std::string* s);
+// Inline because it is just forwarding to s->WriteVarint
+inline void WriteVarint(uint32 num, uint64 val, UnknownFieldSet* s);
+inline void WriteLengthDelimited(uint32 num, StringPiece val,
+                                 UnknownFieldSet* s);
+
+
+// The basic abstraction the parser is designed for is a slight modification
+// of the ZeroCopyInputStream (ZCIS) abstraction. A ZCIS presents a serialized
+// stream as a series of buffers that concatenate to the full stream.
+// Pictorially a ZCIS presents a stream in chunks like so
+// [---------------------------------------------------------------]
+// [---------------------] chunk 1
+//                      [----------------------------] chunk 2
+//                                          chunk 3 [--------------]
+//
+// Where the '-' represent the bytes which are vertically lined up with the
+// bytes of the stream. The proto parser requires its input to be presented
+// similarily with the extra
+// property that each chunk has kSlopBytes past its end that overlaps with the
+// first kSlopBytes of the next chunk, or if there is no next chunk at least its
+// still valid to read those bytes. Again, pictorially, we now have
+//
+// [---------------------------------------------------------------]
+// [-------------------....] chunk 1
+//                    [------------------------....] chunk 2
+//                                    chunk 3 [------------------..**]
+//                                                      chunk 4 [--****]
+// Here '-' mean the bytes of the stream or chunk and '.' means bytes past the
+// chunk that match up with the start of the next chunk. Above each chunk has
+// 4 '.' after the chunk. In the case these 'overflow' bytes represents bytes
+// past the stream, indicated by '*' above, their values are unspecified. It is
+// still legal to read them (ie. should not segfault). Reading past the
+// end should be detected by the user and indicated as an error.
+//
+// The reason for this, admittedly, unconventional invariant is to ruthlessly
+// optimize the protobuf parser. Having an overlap helps in two important ways.
+// Firstly it alleviates having to performing bounds checks if a piece of code
+// is guaranteed to not read more than kSlopBytes. Secondly, and more
+// importantly, the protobuf wireformat is such that reading a key/value pair is
+// always less than 16 bytes. This removes the need to change to next buffer in
+// the middle of reading primitive values. Hence there is no need to store and
+// load the current position.
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT EpsCopyInputStream {
+ public:
+  enum { kSlopBytes = 16, kMaxCordBytesToCopy = 512 };
+
+  explicit EpsCopyInputStream(bool enable_aliasing)
+      : aliasing_(enable_aliasing ? kOnPatch : kNoAliasing) {}
+
+  void BackUp(const char* ptr) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(ptr <= buffer_end_ + kSlopBytes);
+    int count;
+    if (next_chunk_ == buffer_) {
+      count = static_cast<int>(buffer_end_ + kSlopBytes - ptr);
+    } else {
+      count = size_ + static_cast<int>(buffer_end_ - ptr);
+    }
+    if (count > 0) StreamBackUp(count);
+  }
+
+  // If return value is negative it's an error
+  PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT int PushLimit(const char* ptr, int limit) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(limit >= 0 && limit <= INT_MAX - kSlopBytes);
+    // This add is safe due to the invariant above, because
+    // ptr - buffer_end_ <= kSlopBytes.
+    limit += static_cast<int>(ptr - buffer_end_);
+    limit_end_ = buffer_end_ + (std::min)(0, limit);
+    auto old_limit = limit_;
+    limit_ = limit;
+    return old_limit - limit;
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT bool PopLimit(int delta) {
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!EndedAtLimit())) return false;
+    limit_ = limit_ + delta;
+    // TODO(gerbens) We could remove this line and hoist the code to
+    // DoneFallback. Study the perf/bin-size effects.
+    limit_end_ = buffer_end_ + (std::min)(0, limit_);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* Skip(const char* ptr, int size) {
+    if (size <= buffer_end_ + kSlopBytes - ptr) {
+      return ptr + size;
+    }
+    return SkipFallback(ptr, size);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* ReadString(const char* ptr, int size,
+                                                  std::string* s) {
+    if (size <= buffer_end_ + kSlopBytes - ptr) {
+      s->assign(ptr, size);
+      return ptr + size;
+    }
+    return ReadStringFallback(ptr, size, s);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* AppendString(const char* ptr, int size,
+                                                    std::string* s) {
+    if (size <= buffer_end_ + kSlopBytes - ptr) {
+      s->append(ptr, size);
+      return ptr + size;
+    }
+    return AppendStringFallback(ptr, size, s);
+  }
+
+  template <typename Tag, typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* ReadRepeatedFixed(const char* ptr,
+                                                         Tag expected_tag,
+                                                         RepeatedField<T>* out);
+
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* ReadPackedFixed(const char* ptr,
+                                                       int size,
+                                                       RepeatedField<T>* out);
+  template <typename Add>
+  PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* ReadPackedVarint(const char* ptr,
+                                                        Add add);
+
+  uint32 LastTag() const { return last_tag_minus_1_ + 1; }
+  bool ConsumeEndGroup(uint32 start_tag) {
+    bool res = last_tag_minus_1_ == start_tag;
+    last_tag_minus_1_ = 0;
+    return res;
+  }
+  bool EndedAtLimit() const { return last_tag_minus_1_ == 0; }
+  bool EndedAtEndOfStream() const { return last_tag_minus_1_ == 1; }
+  void SetLastTag(uint32 tag) { last_tag_minus_1_ = tag - 1; }
+  void SetEndOfStream() { last_tag_minus_1_ = 1; }
+  bool IsExceedingLimit(const char* ptr) {
+    return ptr > limit_end_ &&
+           (next_chunk_ == nullptr || ptr - buffer_end_ > limit_);
+  }
+  int BytesUntilLimit(const char* ptr) const {
+    return limit_ + static_cast<int>(buffer_end_ - ptr);
+  }
+  // Returns true if more data is available, if false is returned one has to
+  // call Done for further checks.
+  bool DataAvailable(const char* ptr) { return ptr < limit_end_; }
+
+ protected:
+  // Returns true is limit (either an explicit limit or end of stream) is
+  // reached. It aligns *ptr across buffer seams.
+  // If limit is exceeded it returns true and ptr is set to null.
+  bool DoneWithCheck(const char** ptr, int d) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(*ptr);
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(*ptr < limit_end_)) return false;
+    // No need to fetch buffer if we ended on a limit in the slop region
+    if ((*ptr - buffer_end_) == limit_) return true;
+    auto res = DoneFallback(*ptr, d);
+    *ptr = res.first;
+    return res.second;
+  }
+
+  const char* InitFrom(StringPiece flat) {
+    overall_limit_ = 0;
+    if (flat.size() > kSlopBytes) {
+      limit_ = kSlopBytes;
+      limit_end_ = buffer_end_ = flat.data() + flat.size() - kSlopBytes;
+      next_chunk_ = buffer_;
+      if (aliasing_ == kOnPatch) aliasing_ = kNoDelta;
+      return flat.data();
+    } else {
+      std::memcpy(buffer_, flat.data(), flat.size());
+      limit_ = 0;
+      limit_end_ = buffer_end_ = buffer_ + flat.size();
+      next_chunk_ = nullptr;
+      if (aliasing_ == kOnPatch) {
+        aliasing_ = reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(flat.data()) -
+                    reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(buffer_);
+      }
+      return buffer_;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const char* InitFrom(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* zcis);
+
+  const char* InitFrom(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* zcis, int limit) {
+    overall_limit_ = limit;
+    auto res = InitFrom(zcis);
+    limit_ = limit - static_cast<int>(buffer_end_ - res);
+    limit_end_ = buffer_end_ + (std::min)(0, limit_);
+    return res;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const char* limit_end_;  // buffer_end_ + min(limit_, 0)
+  const char* buffer_end_;
+  const char* next_chunk_;
+  int size_;
+  int limit_;  // relative to buffer_end_;
+  io::ZeroCopyInputStream* zcis_ = nullptr;
+  char buffer_[2 * kSlopBytes] = {};
+  enum { kNoAliasing = 0, kOnPatch = 1, kNoDelta = 2 };
+  std::uintptr_t aliasing_ = kNoAliasing;
+  // This variable is used to communicate how the parse ended, in order to
+  // completely verify the parsed data. A wire-format parse can end because of
+  // one of the following conditions:
+  // 1) A parse can end on a pushed limit.
+  // 2) A parse can end on End Of Stream (EOS).
+  // 3) A parse can end on 0 tag (only valid for toplevel message).
+  // 4) A parse can end on an end-group tag.
+  // This variable should always be set to 0, which indicates case 1. If the
+  // parse terminated due to EOS (case 2), it's set to 1. In case the parse
+  // ended due to a terminating tag (case 3 and 4) it's set to (tag - 1).
+  // This var doesn't really belong in EpsCopyInputStream and should be part of
+  // the ParseContext, but case 2 is most easily and optimally implemented in
+  // DoneFallback.
+  uint32 last_tag_minus_1_ = 0;
+  int overall_limit_ = INT_MAX;  // Overall limit independent of pushed limits.
+  // Pretty random large number that seems like a safe allocation on most
+  // systems. TODO(gerbens) do we need to set this as build flag?
+  enum { kSafeStringSize = 50000000 };
+
+  std::pair<const char*, bool> DoneFallback(const char* ptr, int d);
+  const char* Next(int overrun, int d);
+  const char* SkipFallback(const char* ptr, int size);
+  const char* AppendStringFallback(const char* ptr, int size, std::string* str);
+  const char* ReadStringFallback(const char* ptr, int size, std::string* str);
+  bool StreamNext(const void** data) {
+    bool res = zcis_->Next(data, &size_);
+    if (res) overall_limit_ -= size_;
+    return res;
+  }
+  void StreamBackUp(int count) {
+    zcis_->BackUp(count);
+    overall_limit_ += count;
+  }
+
+  template <typename A>
+  const char* AppendSize(const char* ptr, int size, const A& append) {
+    int chunk_size = buffer_end_ + kSlopBytes - ptr;
+    do {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(size > chunk_size);
+      append(ptr, chunk_size);
+      ptr += chunk_size;
+      size -= chunk_size;
+      // DoneFallBack asserts it isn't called when exactly on the limit. If this
+      // happens we fail the parse, as we are at the limit and still more bytes
+      // to read.
+      if (limit_ == kSlopBytes) return nullptr;
+      auto res = DoneFallback(ptr, -1);
+      if (res.second) return nullptr;  // If done we passed the limit
+      ptr = res.first;
+      chunk_size = buffer_end_ + kSlopBytes - ptr;
+    } while (size > chunk_size);
+    append(ptr, size);
+    return ptr + size;
+  }
+
+  // AppendUntilEnd appends data until a limit (either a PushLimit or end of
+  // stream. Normal payloads are from length delimited fields which have an
+  // explicit size. Reading until limit only comes when the string takes
+  // the place of a protobuf, ie RawMessage/StringRawMessage, lazy fields and
+  // implicit weak messages. We keep these methods private and friend them.
+  template <typename A>
+  const char* AppendUntilEnd(const char* ptr, const A& append) {
+    while (!DoneWithCheck(&ptr, -1)) {
+      append(ptr, limit_end_ - ptr);
+      ptr = limit_end_;
+    }
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+  PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* AppendString(const char* ptr,
+                                                    std::string* str) {
+    return AppendUntilEnd(
+        ptr, [str](const char* p, ptrdiff_t s) { str->append(p, s); });
+  }
+  friend class ImplicitWeakMessage;
+};
+
+// ParseContext holds all data that is global to the entire parse. Most
+// importantly it contains the input stream, but also recursion depth and also
+// stores the end group tag, in case a parser ended on a endgroup, to verify
+// matching start/end group tags.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ParseContext : public EpsCopyInputStream {
+ public:
+  struct Data {
+    const DescriptorPool* pool = nullptr;
+    MessageFactory* factory = nullptr;
+  };
+
+  template <typename... T>
+  ParseContext(int depth, bool aliasing, const char** start, T&&... args)
+      : EpsCopyInputStream(aliasing), depth_(depth) {
+    *start = InitFrom(std::forward<T>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  void TrackCorrectEnding() { group_depth_ = 0; }
+
+  bool Done(const char** ptr) { return DoneWithCheck(ptr, group_depth_); }
+  bool DoneNoSlopCheck(const char** ptr) { return DoneWithCheck(ptr, -1); }
+
+  int depth() const { return depth_; }
+
+  Data& data() { return data_; }
+  const Data& data() const { return data_; }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* ParseMessage(T* msg, const char* ptr);
+  // We outline when the type is generic and we go through a virtual
+  const char* ParseMessage(MessageLite* msg, const char* ptr);
+  const char* ParseMessage(Message* msg, const char* ptr);
+
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE const char* ParseGroup(
+      T* msg, const char* ptr, uint32 tag) {
+    if (--depth_ < 0) return nullptr;
+    group_depth_++;
+    ptr = msg->_InternalParse(ptr, this);
+    group_depth_--;
+    depth_++;
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!ConsumeEndGroup(tag))) return nullptr;
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // The context keeps an internal stack to keep track of the recursive
+  // part of the parse state.
+  // Current depth of the active parser, depth counts down.
+  // This is used to limit recursion depth (to prevent overflow on malicious
+  // data), but is also used to index in stack_ to store the current state.
+  int depth_;
+  // Unfortunately necessary for the fringe case of ending on 0 or end-group tag
+  // in the last kSlopBytes of a ZeroCopyInputStream chunk.
+  int group_depth_ = INT_MIN;
+  Data data_;
+};
+
+template <uint32 tag>
+bool ExpectTag(const char* ptr) {
+  if (tag < 128) {
+    return *ptr == tag;
+  } else {
+    static_assert(tag < 128 * 128, "We only expect tags for 1 or 2 bytes");
+    char buf[2] = {static_cast<char>(tag | 0x80), static_cast<char>(tag >> 7)};
+    return std::memcmp(ptr, buf, 2) == 0;
+  }
+}
+
+template <int>
+struct EndianHelper;
+
+template <>
+struct EndianHelper<1> {
+  static uint8 Load(const void* p) { return *static_cast<const uint8*>(p); }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct EndianHelper<2> {
+  static uint16 Load(const void* p) {
+    uint16 tmp;
+    std::memcpy(&tmp, p, 2);
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+    tmp = bswap_16(tmp);
+#endif
+    return tmp;
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct EndianHelper<4> {
+  static uint32 Load(const void* p) {
+    uint32 tmp;
+    std::memcpy(&tmp, p, 4);
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+    tmp = bswap_32(tmp);
+#endif
+    return tmp;
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct EndianHelper<8> {
+  static uint64 Load(const void* p) {
+    uint64 tmp;
+    std::memcpy(&tmp, p, 8);
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+    tmp = bswap_64(tmp);
+#endif
+    return tmp;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+T UnalignedLoad(const char* p) {
+  auto tmp = EndianHelper<sizeof(T)>::Load(p);
+  T res;
+  memcpy(&res, &tmp, sizeof(T));
+  return res;
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+std::pair<const char*, uint32> VarintParseSlow32(const char* p, uint32 res);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+std::pair<const char*, uint64> VarintParseSlow64(const char* p, uint32 res);
+
+inline const char* VarintParseSlow(const char* p, uint32 res, uint32* out) {
+  auto tmp = VarintParseSlow32(p, res);
+  *out = tmp.second;
+  return tmp.first;
+}
+
+inline const char* VarintParseSlow(const char* p, uint32 res, uint64* out) {
+  auto tmp = VarintParseSlow64(p, res);
+  *out = tmp.second;
+  return tmp.first;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* VarintParse(const char* p, T* out) {
+  auto ptr = reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(p);
+  uint32 res = ptr[0];
+  if (!(res & 0x80)) {
+    *out = res;
+    return p + 1;
+  }
+  uint32 byte = ptr[1];
+  res += (byte - 1) << 7;
+  if (!(byte & 0x80)) {
+    *out = res;
+    return p + 2;
+  }
+  return VarintParseSlow(p, res, out);
+}
+
+// Used for tags, could read up to 5 bytes which must be available.
+// Caller must ensure its safe to call.
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+std::pair<const char*, uint32> ReadTagFallback(const char* p, uint32 res);
+
+// Same as ParseVarint but only accept 5 bytes at most.
+inline const char* ReadTag(const char* p, uint32* out, uint32 /*max_tag*/ = 0) {
+  uint32 res = static_cast<uint8>(p[0]);
+  if (res < 128) {
+    *out = res;
+    return p + 1;
+  }
+  uint32 second = static_cast<uint8>(p[1]);
+  res += (second - 1) << 7;
+  if (second < 128) {
+    *out = res;
+    return p + 2;
+  }
+  auto tmp = ReadTagFallback(p, res);
+  *out = tmp.second;
+  return tmp.first;
+}
+
+// Decode 2 consecutive bytes of a varint and returns the value, shifted left
+// by 1. It simultaneous updates *ptr to *ptr + 1 or *ptr + 2 depending if the
+// first byte's continuation bit is set.
+// If bit 15 of return value is set (equivalent to the continuation bits of both
+// bytes being set) the varint continues, otherwise the parse is done. On x86
+// movsx eax, dil
+// add edi, eax
+// adc [rsi], 1
+// add eax, eax
+// and eax, edi
+inline uint32 DecodeTwoBytes(const char** ptr) {
+  uint32 value = UnalignedLoad<uint16>(*ptr);
+  // Sign extend the low byte continuation bit
+  uint32_t x = static_cast<int8_t>(value);
+  // This add is an amazing operation, it cancels the low byte continuation bit
+  // from y transferring it to the carry. Simultaneously it also shifts the 7
+  // LSB left by one tightly against high byte varint bits. Hence value now
+  // contains the unpacked value shifted left by 1.
+  value += x;
+  // Use the carry to update the ptr appropriately.
+  *ptr += value < x ? 2 : 1;
+  return value & (x + x);  // Mask out the high byte iff no continuation
+}
+
+// More efficient varint parsing for big varints
+inline const char* ParseBigVarint(const char* p, uint64* out) {
+  auto pnew = p;
+  auto tmp = DecodeTwoBytes(&pnew);
+  uint64 res = tmp >> 1;
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(std::int16_t(tmp) >= 0)) {
+    *out = res;
+    return pnew;
+  }
+  for (std::uint32_t i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
+    pnew = p + 2 * i;
+    tmp = DecodeTwoBytes(&pnew);
+    res += (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(tmp) - 2) << (14 * i - 1);
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(std::int16_t(tmp) >= 0)) {
+      *out = res;
+      return pnew;
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+std::pair<const char*, int32> ReadSizeFallback(const char* p, uint32 first);
+// Used for tags, could read up to 5 bytes which must be available. Additionally
+// it makes sure the unsigned value fits a int32, otherwise returns nullptr.
+// Caller must ensure its safe to call.
+inline uint32 ReadSize(const char** pp) {
+  auto p = *pp;
+  uint32 res = static_cast<uint8>(p[0]);
+  if (res < 128) {
+    *pp = p + 1;
+    return res;
+  }
+  auto x = ReadSizeFallback(p, res);
+  *pp = x.first;
+  return x.second;
+}
+
+// Some convenience functions to simplify the generated parse loop code.
+// Returning the value and updating the buffer pointer allows for nicer
+// function composition. We rely on the compiler to inline this.
+// Also in debug compiles having local scoped variables tend to generated
+// stack frames that scale as O(num fields).
+inline uint64 ReadVarint(const char** p) {
+  uint64 tmp;
+  *p = VarintParse(*p, &tmp);
+  return tmp;
+}
+
+inline int64 ReadVarintZigZag64(const char** p) {
+  uint64 tmp;
+  *p = VarintParse(*p, &tmp);
+  return WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode64(tmp);
+}
+
+inline int32 ReadVarintZigZag32(const char** p) {
+  uint64 tmp;
+  *p = VarintParse(*p, &tmp);
+  return WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode32(static_cast<uint32>(tmp));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* ParseContext::ParseMessage(
+    T* msg, const char* ptr) {
+  int size = ReadSize(&ptr);
+  if (!ptr) return nullptr;
+  auto old = PushLimit(ptr, size);
+  if (--depth_ < 0) return nullptr;
+  ptr = msg->_InternalParse(ptr, this);
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(ptr == nullptr)) return nullptr;
+  depth_++;
+  if (!PopLimit(old)) return nullptr;
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+template <typename Add>
+const char* EpsCopyInputStream::ReadPackedVarint(const char* ptr, Add add) {
+  int size = ReadSize(&ptr);
+  if (ptr == nullptr) return nullptr;
+  auto old = PushLimit(ptr, size);
+  if (old < 0) return nullptr;
+  while (!DoneWithCheck(&ptr, -1)) {
+    uint64 varint;
+    ptr = VarintParse(ptr, &varint);
+    if (!ptr) return nullptr;
+    add(varint);
+  }
+  if (!PopLimit(old)) return nullptr;
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+// Helper for verification of utf8
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+bool VerifyUTF8(StringPiece s, const char* field_name);
+
+inline bool VerifyUTF8(const std::string* s, const char* field_name) {
+  return VerifyUTF8(*s, field_name);
+}
+
+// All the string parsers with or without UTF checking and for all CTypes.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* InlineGreedyStringParser(
+    std::string* s, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+
+
+// Add any of the following lines to debug which parse function is failing.
+
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ASSERT_RETURN(predicate, ret) \
+  if (!(predicate)) {                                  \
+    /*  ::raise(SIGINT);  */                           \
+    /*  GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Parse failure";  */             \
+    return ret;                                        \
+  }
+
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(predicate) \
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ASSERT_RETURN(predicate, nullptr)
+
+template <typename T>
+PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* FieldParser(uint64 tag, T& field_parser,
+                                                 const char* ptr,
+                                                 ParseContext* ctx) {
+  uint32 number = tag >> 3;
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(number != 0);
+  using WireType = internal::WireFormatLite::WireType;
+  switch (tag & 7) {
+    case WireType::WIRETYPE_VARINT: {
+      uint64 value;
+      ptr = VarintParse(ptr, &value);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+      field_parser.AddVarint(number, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case WireType::WIRETYPE_FIXED64: {
+      uint64 value = UnalignedLoad<uint64>(ptr);
+      ptr += 8;
+      field_parser.AddFixed64(number, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case WireType::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED: {
+      ptr = field_parser.ParseLengthDelimited(number, ptr, ctx);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+      break;
+    }
+    case WireType::WIRETYPE_START_GROUP: {
+      ptr = field_parser.ParseGroup(number, ptr, ctx);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+      break;
+    }
+    case WireType::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP: {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't happen";
+      break;
+    }
+    case WireType::WIRETYPE_FIXED32: {
+      uint32 value = UnalignedLoad<uint32>(ptr);
+      ptr += 4;
+      field_parser.AddFixed32(number, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      return nullptr;
+  }
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* WireFormatParser(T& field_parser,
+                                                      const char* ptr,
+                                                      ParseContext* ctx) {
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr != nullptr);
+    if (tag == 0 || (tag & 7) == 4) {
+      ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+      return ptr;
+    }
+    ptr = FieldParser(tag, field_parser, ptr, ctx);
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr != nullptr);
+  }
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+// The packed parsers parse repeated numeric primitives directly into  the
+// corresponding field
+
+// These are packed varints
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedInt32Parser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedUInt32Parser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedInt64Parser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedUInt64Parser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedSInt32Parser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedSInt64Parser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedEnumParser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedEnumParser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx, bool (*is_valid)(int),
+    InternalMetadataWithArenaLite* metadata, int field_num);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedEnumParserArg(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx,
+    bool (*is_valid)(const void*, int), const void* data,
+    InternalMetadataWithArenaLite* metadata, int field_num);
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedBoolParser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedFixed32Parser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedSFixed32Parser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedFixed64Parser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedSFixed64Parser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedFloatParser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* PackedDoubleParser(
+    void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+
+// This is the only recursive parser.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* UnknownGroupLiteParse(
+    std::string* unknown, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+// This is a helper to for the UnknownGroupLiteParse but is actually also
+// useful in the generated code. It uses overload on std::string* vs
+// UnknownFieldSet* to make the generated code isomorphic between full and lite.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* UnknownFieldParse(
+    uint32 tag, std::string* unknown, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT const char* UnknownFieldParse(
+    uint32 tag, InternalMetadataWithArenaLite* metadata, const char* ptr,
+    ParseContext* ctx);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSE_CONTEXT_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/port.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/port.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..555fd4ebc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/port.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A common header that is included across all protobuf headers.  We do our best
+// to avoid #defining any macros here; instead we generally put macros in
+// port_def.inc and port_undef.inc so they are not visible from outside of
+// protobuf.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PORT_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PORT_H__
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/port.h>
+
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PORT_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/port_def.inc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/port_def.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2367e9174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/port_def.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file defines common macros that are used in protobuf.
+//
+// To hide these definitions from the outside world (and to prevent collisions
+// if more than one version of protobuf is #included in the same project) you
+// must follow this pattern when #including port_def.inc in a header file:
+//
+// #include "other_header.h"
+// #include "message.h"
+// // etc.
+//
+// #include "port_def.inc"  // MUST be last header included
+//
+// // Definitions for this header.
+//
+// #include "port_undef.inc"
+//
+// This is a textual header with no include guard, because we want to
+// detect/prohibit anytime it is #included twice without a corresponding
+// #undef.
+
+// These macros are private and should always be
+// ::util::RetrieveErrorSpace(*this) headers. If any of these errors fire, you
+// should either properly #include port_undef.h at the end of your header that
+// #includes port.h, or don't #include port.h twice in a .cc file.
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE
+#error PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID
+#error PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE
+#error PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_COLD
+#error PROTOBUF_COLD was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+#error PROTOBUF_NOINLINE was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE
+#error PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED
+#error PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG
+#error PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_FUNC_ALIGN
+#error PROTOBUF_FUNC_ALIGN was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_RETURNS_NONNULL
+#error PROTOBUF_RETURNS_NONNULL was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES
+#error PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_RTTI
+#error PROTOBUF_RTTI was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_VERSION
+#error PROTOBUF_VERSION was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_VERSION_SUFFIX
+#error PROTOBUF_VERSION_SUFFIX was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_MIN_HEADER_VERSION_FOR_PROTOC
+#error PROTOBUF_MIN_HEADER_VERSION_FOR_PROTOC was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE
+#error PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE
+#error PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET
+#error PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_LL_FORMAT
+#error PROTOBUF_LL_FORMAT was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_GUARDED_BY
+#error PROTOBUF_GUARDED_BY was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_LONGLONG
+#error PROTOBUF_LONGLONG was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG
+#error PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED
+#error PROTOBUF_FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+#error PROTOBUF_EXPORT was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOC_EXPORT
+#error PROTOC_EXPORT was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT
+#error PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT was previously defined
+#endif
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_UNUSED
+#error PROTOBUF_UNUSED was previously defined
+#endif
+
+
+#define PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE "google::protobuf"
+#define PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID google::protobuf
+#define PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN \
+  namespace google {            \
+  namespace protobuf {
+#define PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE \
+  } /* namespace protobuf */     \
+  } /* namespace google */
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED __attribute__((deprecated))
+#define PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_ENUM __attribute__((deprecated))
+#define PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG(msg) __attribute__((deprecated(msg)))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED __declspec(deprecated)
+#define PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_ENUM
+#define PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG(msg) __declspec(deprecated(msg))
+#endif
+
+#define PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(x)
+#define PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Annotations:  Some parts of the code have been annotated in ways that might
+//   be useful to some compilers or tools, but are not supported universally.
+//   You can #define these annotations yourself if the default implementation
+//   is not right for you.
+
+#ifdef GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
+#define PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
+#else
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && \
+    (__GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))
+// For functions we want to force inline.
+// Introduced in gcc 3.1.
+#define PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE __attribute__((always_inline))
+#else
+// Other compilers will have to figure it out for themselves.
+#define PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE
+#define PROTOBUF_NOINLINE GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE
+#else
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && \
+    (__GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))
+// For functions we want to force not inline.
+// Introduced in gcc 3.1.
+#define PROTOBUF_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400)
+// Seems to have been around since at least Visual Studio 2005
+#define PROTOBUF_NOINLINE __declspec(noinline)
+#else
+// Other compilers will have to figure it out for themselves.
+#define PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_FUNC_ALIGN
+#define PROTOBUF_FUNC_ALIGN GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_FUNC_ALIGN
+#else
+#if defined(__clang__) || \
+    defined(__GNUC__) &&  \
+        (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3))
+// Function alignment attribute introduced in gcc 4.3
+#define PROTOBUF_FUNC_ALIGN(bytes) __attribute__((aligned(bytes)))
+#else
+#define PROTOBUF_FUNC_ALIGN(bytes)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE
+#define PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE
+#else
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// Provided at least since GCC 3.0.
+#define PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(x) (__builtin_expect(!!(x), 1))
+#else
+#define PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(x) (x)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE
+#define PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE
+#else
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// Provided at least since GCC 3.0.
+#define PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(x) (__builtin_expect(x, 0))
+#else
+#define PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(x) (x)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_RETURNS_NONNULL
+#define PROTOBUF_RETURNS_NONNULL GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_RETURNS_NONNULL
+#else
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define PROTOBUF_RETURNS_NONNULL __attribute__((returns_nonnull))
+#else
+#define PROTOBUF_RETURNS_NONNULL
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__has_cpp_attribute)
+#if __has_cpp_attribute(clang::reinitializes)
+#define PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES [[clang::reinitializes]]
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES
+#define PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES
+#endif
+
+#define PROTOBUF_GUARDED_BY(x)
+#define PROTOBUF_COLD
+
+// Copied from ABSL.
+#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__has_warning)
+#if __has_feature(cxx_attributes) && __has_warning("-Wimplicit-fallthrough")
+#define PROTOBUF_FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED [[clang::fallthrough]]
+#endif
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 7
+#define PROTOBUF_FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED [[gnu::fallthrough]]
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED
+#define PROTOBUF_FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__has_cpp_attribute)
+#define HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attr) __has_cpp_attribute(attr)
+#else
+#define HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attr) 0
+#endif
+
+#if HAS_ATTRIBUTE(unused) || (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__))
+#define PROTOBUF_UNUSED __attribute__((__unused__))
+#else
+#define PROTOBUF_UNUSED
+#endif
+
+#undef HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(x) x##I64
+#define PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(x) x##UI64
+#define PROTOBUF_LL_FORMAT "I64"  // As in printf("%I64d", ...)
+#else
+// By long long, we actually mean int64.
+#define PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(x) x##LL
+#define PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(x) x##ULL
+// Used to format real long long integers.
+#define PROTOBUF_LL_FORMAT \
+  "ll"  // As in "%lld". Note that "q" is poor form also.
+#endif
+
+
+// Shared google3/opensource definitions. //////////////////////////////////////
+
+#define PROTOBUF_VERSION 3011004
+#define PROTOBUF_MIN_HEADER_VERSION_FOR_PROTOC 3011000
+#define PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION 3011000
+#define PROTOBUF_VERSION_SUFFIX ""
+
+// The minimum library version which works with the current version of the
+// headers.
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_LIBRARY_VERSION 3011000
+
+#if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RTTI) && GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RTTI
+#define PROTOBUF_RTTI 0
+#else
+#define PROTOBUF_RTTI 1
+#endif
+
+// Returns the offset of the given field within the given aggregate type.
+// This is equivalent to the ANSI C offsetof() macro.  However, according
+// to the C++ standard, offsetof() only works on POD types, and GCC
+// enforces this requirement with a warning.  In practice, this rule is
+// unnecessarily strict; there is probably no compiler or platform on
+// which the offsets of the direct fields of a class are non-constant.
+// Fields inherited from superclasses *can* have non-constant offsets,
+// but that's not what this macro will be used for.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+// For Clang we use __builtin_offsetof() and suppress the warning,
+// to avoid Control Flow Integrity and UBSan vptr sanitizers from
+// crashing while trying to validate the invalid reinterpet_casts.
+#define PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(TYPE, FIELD)                   \
+  _Pragma("clang diagnostic push")                           \
+  _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Winvalid-offsetof\"") \
+  __builtin_offsetof(TYPE, FIELD)                            \
+  _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#else
+// Note that we calculate relative to the pointer value 16 here since if we
+// just use zero, GCC complains about dereferencing a NULL pointer.  We
+// choose 16 rather than some other number just in case the compiler would
+// be confused by an unaligned pointer.
+#define PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(TYPE, FIELD)                                \
+  static_cast< ::google::protobuf::uint32>(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(                   \
+                             &reinterpret_cast<const TYPE*>(16)->FIELD) - \
+                         reinterpret_cast<const char*>(16))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PROTOBUF_USE_DLLS)
+  #if defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #ifdef LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORTS
+      #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+      #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DECLARE
+      #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DEFINE __declspec(dllexport)
+    #else
+      #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
+      #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DECLARE
+      #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DEFINE __declspec(dllimport)
+    #endif
+    #ifdef LIBPROTOC_EXPORTS
+      #define PROTOC_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+    #else
+      #define PROTOC_EXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
+    #endif
+  #else  // defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #ifdef LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORTS
+      #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+      #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DECLARE __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+      #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DEFINE
+    #else
+      #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+      #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DECLARE
+      #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DEFINE
+    #endif
+    #ifdef LIBPROTOC_EXPORTS
+      #define PROTOC_EXPORT   __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+    #else
+      #define PROTOC_EXPORT
+    #endif
+  #endif
+#else  // defined(PROTOBUF_USE_DLLS)
+  #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+  #define PROTOC_EXPORT
+  #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DECLARE
+  #define PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DEFINE
+#endif
+
+// Windows declares several inconvenient macro names.  We #undef them and then
+// restore them in port_undef.inc.
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma push_macro("GetMessage")
+#undef GetMessage
+#pragma push_macro("IGNORE")
+#undef IGNORE
+#pragma push_macro("IN")
+#undef IN
+#pragma push_macro("OUT")
+#undef OUT
+#pragma push_macro("OPTIONAL")
+#undef OPTIONAL
+#pragma push_macro("min")
+#undef min
+#pragma push_macro("max")
+#undef max
+#endif  // _MSC_VER
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+// TODO(gerbens) ideally we cleanup the code. But a cursory try shows many
+// violations. So let's ignore for now.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wshorten-64-to-32"
+#endif
+
+// PROTOBUF_ASSUME(pred) tells the compiler that it can assume pred is true. To
+// be safe, we also validate the assumption with a GOOGLE_DCHECK in unoptimized
+// builds. The macro does not do anything useful if the compiler does not
+// support __builtin_assume.
+#ifdef __has_builtin
+#if __has_builtin(__builtin_assume)
+#define PROTOBUF_ASSUME(pred) \
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(pred);               \
+  __builtin_assume(pred)
+#else
+#define PROTOBUF_ASSUME(pred) GOOGLE_DCHECK(pred)
+#endif
+#else
+#define PROTOBUF_ASSUME(pred) GOOGLE_DCHECK(pred)
+#endif
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/port_undef.inc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/port_undef.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80822b470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/port_undef.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// #undefs all macros defined in port_def.inc.  See comments in port_def.inc
+// for more info.
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE
+#error "port_undef.inc must be included after port_def.inc"
+#endif
+#undef PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE
+#undef PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID
+#undef PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE
+#undef PROTOBUF_COLD
+#undef PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+#undef PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE
+#undef PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED
+#undef PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_ENUM
+#undef PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG
+#undef PROTOBUF_FUNC_ALIGN
+#undef PROTOBUF_RETURNS_NONNULL
+#undef PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES
+#undef PROTOBUF_RTTI
+#undef PROTOBUF_VERSION
+#undef PROTOBUF_VERSION_SUFFIX
+#undef PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET
+#undef PROTOBUF_MIN_HEADER_VERSION_FOR_PROTOC
+#undef PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#undef PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE
+#undef PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE
+#undef PROTOBUF_LONGLONG
+#undef PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG
+#undef PROTOBUF_LL_FORMAT
+#undef PROTOBUF_GUARDED_BY
+#undef PROTOBUF_FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED
+#undef PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+#undef PROTOC_EXPORT
+#undef PROTOBUF_MUST_USE_RESULT
+#undef PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+#undef PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+#undef PROTOBUF_UNUSED
+#undef PROTOBUF_ASSUME
+#undef PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DECLARE
+#undef PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DEFINE
+
+// Restore macro that may have been #undef'd in port_def.inc.
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma pop_macro("GetMessage")
+#pragma pop_macro("IGNORE")
+#pragma pop_macro("IN")
+#pragma pop_macro("OUT")
+#pragma pop_macro("OPTIONAL")
+#pragma pop_macro("min")
+#pragma pop_macro("max")
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/preserve_unknown_enum_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/preserve_unknown_enum_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ac4e13fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/preserve_unknown_enum_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum2.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+
+void FillMessage(
+    proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra* message) {
+  message->set_e(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA);
+  message->add_repeated_e(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA);
+  message->add_repeated_packed_e(
+      proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA);
+  message->add_repeated_packed_unexpected_e(
+      proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA);
+  message->set_oneof_e_1(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA);
+}
+
+void CheckMessage(
+    const proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra& message) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA, message.e());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_e_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA,
+            message.repeated_e(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_packed_e_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA,
+            message.repeated_packed_e(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_packed_unexpected_e_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA,
+            message.repeated_packed_unexpected_e(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA,
+            message.oneof_e_1());
+}
+
+void CheckMessage(
+    const proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage& message) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA),
+            static_cast<int>(message.e()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_e_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA),
+            static_cast<int>(message.repeated_e(0)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_packed_e_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA),
+            static_cast<int>(message.repeated_packed_e(0)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_packed_unexpected_e_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA),
+            static_cast<int>(message.repeated_packed_unexpected_e(0)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA),
+            static_cast<int>(message.oneof_e_1()));
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+// Test that parsing preserves an unknown value in the enum field and does not
+// punt it to the UnknownFieldSet.
+TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, PreserveParseAndSerialize) {
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra orig_message;
+  FillMessage(&orig_message);
+  std::string serialized;
+  orig_message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  CheckMessage(message);
+
+  serialized.clear();
+  message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, orig_message.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  CheckMessage(orig_message);
+}
+
+// Test that reflection based implementation also keeps unknown enum values and
+// doesn't put them into UnknownFieldSet.
+TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, PreserveParseAndSerializeDynamicMessage) {
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra orig_message;
+  FillMessage(&orig_message);
+  std::string serialized = orig_message.SerializeAsString();
+
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message(
+      factory
+          .GetPrototype(
+              proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage::descriptor())
+          ->New());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message->ParseFromString(serialized));
+  message->DiscardUnknownFields();
+
+  serialized = message->SerializeAsString();
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, orig_message.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  CheckMessage(orig_message);
+}
+
+// Test that for proto2 messages, unknown values are in unknown fields.
+TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, Proto2HidesUnknownValues) {
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra orig_message;
+  FillMessage(&orig_message);
+
+  std::string serialized;
+  orig_message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+
+  proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  // The intermediate message has everything in its "unknown fields".
+  proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message2 = message;
+  message2.DiscardUnknownFields();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message2.ByteSize());
+
+  // But when we pass it to the correct structure, all values are there.
+  serialized.clear();
+  message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, orig_message.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  CheckMessage(orig_message);
+}
+
+// Same as before, for a dynamic message.
+TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, DynamicProto2HidesUnknownValues) {
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra orig_message;
+  FillMessage(&orig_message);
+
+  std::string serialized;
+  orig_message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message(
+      factory
+          .GetPrototype(
+              proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage::descriptor())
+          ->New());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message->ParseFromString(serialized));
+  // The intermediate message has everything in its "unknown fields".
+  proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message2;
+  message2.CopyFrom(*message);
+  message2.DiscardUnknownFields();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message2.ByteSize());
+
+  // But when we pass it to the correct structure, all values are there.
+  serialized.clear();
+  message->SerializeToString(&serialized);
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, orig_message.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  CheckMessage(orig_message);
+}
+
+// Test that reflection provides EnumValueDescriptors for unknown values.
+TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, DynamicEnumValueDescriptors) {
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra orig_message;
+  FillMessage(&orig_message);
+  std::string serialized;
+  orig_message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  CheckMessage(message);
+
+  const Reflection* r = message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* d = message.GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = d->FindFieldByName("e");
+
+  // This should dynamically create an EnumValueDescriptor.
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value = r->GetEnum(message, field);
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value->number(),
+            static_cast<int>(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA));
+
+  // Fetching value for a second time should return the same pointer.
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value_second = r->GetEnum(message, field);
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value, enum_value_second);
+
+  // Check the repeated case too.
+  const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field = d->FindFieldByName("repeated_e");
+  enum_value = r->GetRepeatedEnum(message, repeated_field, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value->number(),
+            static_cast<int>(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA));
+  // Should reuse the same EnumValueDescriptor, even for a different field.
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value, enum_value_second);
+
+  // We should be able to use the returned value descriptor to set a value on
+  // another message.
+  Message* m = message.New();
+  r->SetEnum(m, field, enum_value);
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value, r->GetEnum(*m, field));
+  delete m;
+}
+
+// Test that the new integer-based enum reflection API works.
+TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, IntegerEnumReflectionAPI) {
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message;
+  const Reflection* r = message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* d = message.GetDescriptor();
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* singular_field = d->FindFieldByName("e");
+  const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field = d->FindFieldByName("repeated_e");
+
+  r->SetEnumValue(&message, singular_field, 42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, r->GetEnumValue(message, singular_field));
+  r->AddEnumValue(&message, repeated_field, 42);
+  r->AddEnumValue(&message, repeated_field, 42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, r->GetRepeatedEnumValue(message, repeated_field, 0));
+  r->SetRepeatedEnumValue(&message, repeated_field, 1, 84);
+  EXPECT_EQ(84, r->GetRepeatedEnumValue(message, repeated_field, 1));
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value = r->GetEnum(message, singular_field);
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, enum_value->number());
+}
+
+// Test that the EnumValue API works properly for proto2 messages as well.
+TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, Proto2CatchesUnknownValues) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;  // proto2 message
+  const Reflection* r = message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* d = message.GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field =
+      d->FindFieldByName("repeated_nested_enum");
+  // Add one element to the repeated field so that we can test
+  // SetRepeatedEnumValue.
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value =
+      repeated_field->enum_type()->FindValueByName("BAR");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(enum_value != NULL);
+  r->AddEnum(&message, repeated_field, enum_value);
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* singular_field =
+      d->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
+  // Enum-field integer-based setters treat as unknown integer values as
+  // unknown fields.
+  r->SetEnumValue(&message, singular_field, 4242);
+  EXPECT_EQ(r->GetEnum(message, singular_field)->number(),
+            protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO);
+  r->SetRepeatedEnumValue(&message, repeated_field, 0, 4242);
+  // repeated_nested_enum was set to bar above, this should not have changed.
+  EXPECT_EQ(r->GetRepeatedEnum(message, repeated_field, 0)->number(),
+            protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR);
+  r->AddEnumValue(&message, repeated_field, 4242);
+  // No element should be added
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_nested_enum_size(), 1);
+
+  // We require the enums to end up in unknown field set
+  ASSERT_EQ(message.unknown_fields().field_count(), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.unknown_fields().field(0).number(),
+            singular_field->number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.unknown_fields().field(0).varint(), 4242);
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.unknown_fields().field(1).number(),
+            repeated_field->number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.unknown_fields().field(1).varint(), 4242);
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.unknown_fields().field(2).number(),
+            repeated_field->number());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.unknown_fields().field(2).varint(), 4242);
+}
+
+TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, SupportsUnknownEnumValuesAPI) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes proto2_message;
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage new_message;
+
+  const Reflection* proto2_reflection = proto2_message.GetReflection();
+  const Reflection* new_reflection = new_message.GetReflection();
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(proto2_reflection->SupportsUnknownEnumValues());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(new_reflection->SupportsUnknownEnumValues());
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/proto3_arena_lite_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/proto3_arena_lite_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06b8d08c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/proto3_arena_lite_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+using proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+// We selectively set/check a few representative fields rather than all fields
+// as this test is only expected to cover the basics of arena support.
+void SetAllFields(TestAllTypes* m) {
+  m->set_optional_int32(100);
+  m->set_optional_string("asdf");
+  m->set_optional_bytes("jkl;");
+  m->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(42);
+  m->mutable_optional_foreign_message()->set_c(43);
+  m->set_optional_nested_enum(proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  m->set_optional_foreign_enum(proto3_arena_unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  m->mutable_optional_lazy_message()->set_bb(45);
+  m->add_repeated_int32(100);
+  m->add_repeated_string("asdf");
+  m->add_repeated_bytes("jkl;");
+  m->add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(46);
+  m->add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(47);
+  m->add_repeated_nested_enum(proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  m->add_repeated_foreign_enum(proto3_arena_unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  m->add_repeated_lazy_message()->set_bb(49);
+
+  m->set_oneof_uint32(1);
+  m->mutable_oneof_nested_message()->set_bb(50);
+  m->set_oneof_string("test");  // only this one remains set
+}
+
+void ExpectAllFieldsSet(const TestAllTypes& m) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, m.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ("asdf", m.optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("jkl;", m.optional_bytes());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.has_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, m.optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.has_optional_foreign_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(43, m.optional_foreign_message().c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ, m.optional_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_arena_unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ, m.optional_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.has_optional_lazy_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(45, m.optional_lazy_message().bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, m.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("asdf", m.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_bytes_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("jkl;", m.repeated_bytes(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(46, m.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(47, m.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ,
+            m.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_foreign_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_arena_unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ, m.repeated_foreign_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_lazy_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(49, m.repeated_lazy_message(0).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes::kOneofString,
+            m.oneof_field_case());
+  EXPECT_EQ("test", m.oneof_string());
+}
+
+// In this file we only test some basic functionalities of arena support in
+// proto3 and expect the arena support to be fully tested in proto2 unittests
+// because proto3 shares most code with proto2.
+
+TEST(Proto3ArenaLiteTest, Parsing) {
+  TestAllTypes original;
+  SetAllFields(&original);
+
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  arena_message->ParseFromString(original.SerializeAsString());
+  ExpectAllFieldsSet(*arena_message);
+}
+
+TEST(Proto3ArenaLiteTest, Swap) {
+  Arena arena1;
+  Arena arena2;
+
+  // Test Swap().
+  TestAllTypes* arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  TestAllTypes* arena2_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena2);
+  arena1_message->Swap(arena2_message);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena1, arena1_message->GetArena());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena2, arena2_message->GetArena());
+}
+
+TEST(Proto3ArenaLiteTest, SetAllocatedMessage) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* nested = new TestAllTypes::NestedMessage;
+  nested->set_bb(118);
+  arena_message->set_allocated_optional_nested_message(nested);
+  EXPECT_EQ(118, arena_message->optional_nested_message().bb());
+}
+
+TEST(Proto3ArenaLiteTest, ReleaseMessage) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  arena_message->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(118);
+  std::unique_ptr<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage> nested(
+      arena_message->release_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(118, nested->bb());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/proto3_arena_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/proto3_arena_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75da9eb7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/proto3_arena_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+using proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+// We selectively set/check a few representative fields rather than all fields
+// as this test is only expected to cover the basics of arena support.
+void SetAllFields(TestAllTypes* m) {
+  m->set_optional_int32(100);
+  m->set_optional_string("asdf");
+  m->set_optional_bytes("jkl;");
+  m->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(42);
+  m->mutable_optional_foreign_message()->set_c(43);
+  m->set_optional_nested_enum(proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  m->set_optional_foreign_enum(proto3_arena_unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  m->mutable_optional_lazy_message()->set_bb(45);
+  m->add_repeated_int32(100);
+  m->add_repeated_string("asdf");
+  m->add_repeated_bytes("jkl;");
+  m->add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(46);
+  m->add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(47);
+  m->add_repeated_nested_enum(proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  m->add_repeated_foreign_enum(proto3_arena_unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  m->add_repeated_lazy_message()->set_bb(49);
+
+  m->set_oneof_uint32(1);
+  m->mutable_oneof_nested_message()->set_bb(50);
+  m->set_oneof_string("test");  // only this one remains set
+}
+
+void ExpectAllFieldsSet(const TestAllTypes& m) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, m.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ("asdf", m.optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("jkl;", m.optional_bytes());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.has_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, m.optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.has_optional_foreign_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(43, m.optional_foreign_message().c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ, m.optional_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_arena_unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ, m.optional_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.has_optional_lazy_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(45, m.optional_lazy_message().bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, m.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("asdf", m.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_bytes_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("jkl;", m.repeated_bytes(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(46, m.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(47, m.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ,
+            m.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_foreign_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_arena_unittest::FOREIGN_BAZ, m.repeated_foreign_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_lazy_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(49, m.repeated_lazy_message(0).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes::kOneofString,
+            m.oneof_field_case());
+  EXPECT_EQ("test", m.oneof_string());
+}
+
+// In this file we only test some basic functionalities of arena support in
+// proto3 and expect the arena support to be fully tested in proto2 unittests
+// because proto3 shares most code with proto2.
+
+TEST(Proto3ArenaTest, Parsing) {
+  TestAllTypes original;
+  SetAllFields(&original);
+
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  arena_message->ParseFromString(original.SerializeAsString());
+  ExpectAllFieldsSet(*arena_message);
+}
+
+TEST(Proto3ArenaTest, UnknownFields) {
+  TestAllTypes original;
+  SetAllFields(&original);
+
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  arena_message->ParseFromString(original.SerializeAsString());
+  ExpectAllFieldsSet(*arena_message);
+
+  // In proto3 we can still get a pointer to the UnknownFieldSet through
+  // reflection API.
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields =
+      arena_message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(arena_message);
+  // We can modify this UnknownFieldSet.
+  unknown_fields->AddVarint(1, 2);
+  // And the unknown fields should be changed.
+  ASSERT_NE(original.ByteSize(), arena_message->ByteSize());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(
+      arena_message->GetReflection()->GetUnknownFields(*arena_message).empty());
+}
+
+TEST(Proto3ArenaTest, Swap) {
+  Arena arena1;
+  Arena arena2;
+
+  // Test Swap().
+  TestAllTypes* arena1_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena1);
+  TestAllTypes* arena2_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena2);
+  arena1_message->Swap(arena2_message);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena1, arena1_message->GetArena());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena2, arena2_message->GetArena());
+}
+
+TEST(Proto3ArenaTest, SetAllocatedMessage) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* nested = new TestAllTypes::NestedMessage;
+  nested->set_bb(118);
+  arena_message->set_allocated_optional_nested_message(nested);
+  EXPECT_EQ(118, arena_message->optional_nested_message().bb());
+}
+
+TEST(Proto3ArenaTest, ReleaseMessage) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  arena_message->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(118);
+  std::unique_ptr<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage> nested(
+      arena_message->release_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(118, nested->bb());
+}
+
+TEST(Proto3ArenaTest, MessageFieldClear) {
+  // GitHub issue #310: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/310
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  arena_message->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(118);
+  // This should not crash, but prior to the bugfix, it tried to use `operator
+  // delete` the nested message (which is on the arena):
+  arena_message->Clear();
+}
+
+TEST(Proto3ArenaTest, MessageFieldClearViaReflection) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  const Reflection* r = message->GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* d = message->GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* msg_field =
+      d->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+
+  message->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(1);
+  r->ClearField(message, msg_field);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message->has_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message->optional_nested_message().bb());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/proto3_lite_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/proto3_lite_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abeeedb15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/proto3_lite_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.pb.h>
+
+#define LITE_TEST_NAME Proto3LiteTest
+#define UNITTEST ::proto3_unittest
+
+// Must include after the above macros.
+#include <google/protobuf/proto3_lite_unittest.inc>
+
+// Make extract script happy.
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/proto3_lite_unittest.inc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/proto3_lite_unittest.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4cf9cf8f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/proto3_lite_unittest.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+using UNITTEST::TestAllTypes;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+// We selectively set/check a few representative fields rather than all fields
+// as this test is only expected to cover the basics of lite support.
+void SetAllFields(TestAllTypes* m) {
+  m->set_optional_int32(100);
+  m->set_optional_string("asdf");
+  m->set_optional_bytes("jkl;");
+  m->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(42);
+  m->mutable_optional_foreign_message()->set_c(43);
+  m->set_optional_nested_enum(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  m->set_optional_foreign_enum(
+      UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  m->mutable_optional_lazy_message()->set_bb(45);
+  m->add_repeated_int32(100);
+  m->add_repeated_string("asdf");
+  m->add_repeated_bytes("jkl;");
+  m->add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(46);
+  m->add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(47);
+  m->add_repeated_nested_enum(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  m->add_repeated_foreign_enum(
+      UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  m->add_repeated_lazy_message()->set_bb(49);
+
+  m->set_oneof_uint32(1);
+  m->mutable_oneof_nested_message()->set_bb(50);
+  m->set_oneof_string("test");  // only this one remains set
+}
+
+void ExpectAllFieldsSet(const TestAllTypes& m) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, m.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ("asdf", m.optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("jkl;", m.optional_bytes());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.has_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, m.optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.has_optional_foreign_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(43, m.optional_foreign_message().c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ, m.optional_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ,
+            m.optional_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, m.has_optional_lazy_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(45, m.optional_lazy_message().bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, m.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("asdf", m.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_bytes_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("jkl;", m.repeated_bytes(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(46, m.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(47, m.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ, m.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_foreign_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ,
+            m.repeated_foreign_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_lazy_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(49, m.repeated_lazy_message(0).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::kOneofString,
+            m.oneof_field_case());
+  EXPECT_EQ("test", m.oneof_string());
+}
+
+// In this file we only test some basic functionalities of in proto3 and expect
+// the rest is fully tested in proto2 unittests because proto3 shares most code
+// with proto2.
+
+TEST(LITE_TEST_NAME, Parsing) {
+  TestAllTypes original;
+  SetAllFields(&original);
+
+  TestAllTypes msg;
+  msg.ParseFromString(original.SerializeAsString());
+  ExpectAllFieldsSet(msg);
+}
+
+TEST(LITE_TEST_NAME, Swap) {
+  // Test Swap().
+  TestAllTypes msg1;
+  TestAllTypes msg2;
+  msg1.set_optional_string("123");
+  msg2.set_optional_string("3456");
+  msg1.Swap(&msg2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("3456", msg1.optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("123", msg2.optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(msg1.ByteSize(), msg2.ByteSize() + 1);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b1e5f2ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This header defines the RepeatedFieldRef class template used to access
+// repeated fields with protobuf reflection API.
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REFLECTION_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REFLECTION_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
+struct RefTypeTraits;
+}  // namespace internal
+
+template <typename T>
+RepeatedFieldRef<T> Reflection::GetRepeatedFieldRef(
+    const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return RepeatedFieldRef<T>(message, field);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+MutableRepeatedFieldRef<T> Reflection::GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef(
+    Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return MutableRepeatedFieldRef<T>(message, field);
+}
+
+// RepeatedFieldRef definition for non-message types.
+template <typename T>
+class RepeatedFieldRef<
+    T, typename std::enable_if<!std::is_base_of<Message, T>::value>::type> {
+  typedef typename internal::RefTypeTraits<T>::iterator IteratorType;
+  typedef typename internal::RefTypeTraits<T>::AccessorType AccessorType;
+
+ public:
+  bool empty() const { return accessor_->IsEmpty(data_); }
+  int size() const { return accessor_->Size(data_); }
+  T Get(int index) const { return accessor_->template Get<T>(data_, index); }
+
+  typedef IteratorType iterator;
+  typedef IteratorType const_iterator;
+  typedef T value_type;
+  typedef T& reference;
+  typedef const T& const_reference;
+  typedef int size_type;
+  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+
+  iterator begin() const { return iterator(data_, accessor_, true); }
+  iterator end() const { return iterator(data_, accessor_, false); }
+
+ private:
+  friend class Reflection;
+  RepeatedFieldRef(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+    const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+    data_ = reflection->RepeatedFieldData(const_cast<Message*>(&message), field,
+                                          internal::RefTypeTraits<T>::cpp_type,
+                                          NULL);
+    accessor_ = reflection->RepeatedFieldAccessor(field);
+  }
+
+  const void* data_;
+  const AccessorType* accessor_;
+};
+
+// MutableRepeatedFieldRef definition for non-message types.
+template <typename T>
+class MutableRepeatedFieldRef<
+    T, typename std::enable_if<!std::is_base_of<Message, T>::value>::type> {
+  typedef typename internal::RefTypeTraits<T>::AccessorType AccessorType;
+
+ public:
+  bool empty() const { return accessor_->IsEmpty(data_); }
+  int size() const { return accessor_->Size(data_); }
+  T Get(int index) const { return accessor_->template Get<T>(data_, index); }
+
+  void Set(int index, const T& value) const {
+    accessor_->template Set<T>(data_, index, value);
+  }
+  void Add(const T& value) const { accessor_->template Add<T>(data_, value); }
+  void RemoveLast() const { accessor_->RemoveLast(data_); }
+  void SwapElements(int index1, int index2) const {
+    accessor_->SwapElements(data_, index1, index2);
+  }
+  void Clear() const { accessor_->Clear(data_); }
+
+  void Swap(const MutableRepeatedFieldRef& other) const {
+    accessor_->Swap(data_, other.accessor_, other.data_);
+  }
+
+  template <typename Container>
+  void MergeFrom(const Container& container) const {
+    typedef typename Container::const_iterator Iterator;
+    for (Iterator it = container.begin(); it != container.end(); ++it) {
+      Add(*it);
+    }
+  }
+  template <typename Container>
+  void CopyFrom(const Container& container) const {
+    Clear();
+    MergeFrom(container);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  friend class Reflection;
+  MutableRepeatedFieldRef(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+    data_ = reflection->RepeatedFieldData(
+        message, field, internal::RefTypeTraits<T>::cpp_type, NULL);
+    accessor_ = reflection->RepeatedFieldAccessor(field);
+  }
+
+  void* data_;
+  const AccessorType* accessor_;
+};
+
+// RepeatedFieldRef definition for message types.
+template <typename T>
+class RepeatedFieldRef<
+    T, typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of<Message, T>::value>::type> {
+  typedef typename internal::RefTypeTraits<T>::iterator IteratorType;
+  typedef typename internal::RefTypeTraits<T>::AccessorType AccessorType;
+
+ public:
+  bool empty() const { return accessor_->IsEmpty(data_); }
+  int size() const { return accessor_->Size(data_); }
+  // This method returns a reference to the underlying message object if it
+  // exists. If a message object doesn't exist (e.g., data stored in serialized
+  // form), scratch_space will be filled with the data and a reference to it
+  // will be returned.
+  //
+  // Example:
+  //   RepeatedFieldRef<Message> h = ...
+  //   unique_ptr<Message> scratch_space(h.NewMessage());
+  //   const Message& item = h.Get(index, scratch_space.get());
+  const T& Get(int index, T* scratch_space) const {
+    return *static_cast<const T*>(accessor_->Get(data_, index, scratch_space));
+  }
+  // Create a new message of the same type as the messages stored in this
+  // repeated field. Caller takes ownership of the returned object.
+  T* NewMessage() const { return static_cast<T*>(default_instance_->New()); }
+
+  typedef IteratorType iterator;
+  typedef IteratorType const_iterator;
+  typedef T value_type;
+  typedef T& reference;
+  typedef const T& const_reference;
+  typedef int size_type;
+  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+
+  iterator begin() const {
+    return iterator(data_, accessor_, true, NewMessage());
+  }
+  iterator end() const {
+    // The end iterator must not be dereferenced, no need for scratch space.
+    return iterator(data_, accessor_, false, nullptr);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  friend class Reflection;
+  RepeatedFieldRef(const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+    const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+    data_ = reflection->RepeatedFieldData(
+        const_cast<Message*>(&message), field,
+        internal::RefTypeTraits<T>::cpp_type,
+        internal::RefTypeTraits<T>::GetMessageFieldDescriptor());
+    accessor_ = reflection->RepeatedFieldAccessor(field);
+    default_instance_ =
+        reflection->GetMessageFactory()->GetPrototype(field->message_type());
+  }
+
+  const void* data_;
+  const AccessorType* accessor_;
+  const Message* default_instance_;
+};
+
+// MutableRepeatedFieldRef definition for message types.
+template <typename T>
+class MutableRepeatedFieldRef<
+    T, typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of<Message, T>::value>::type> {
+  typedef typename internal::RefTypeTraits<T>::AccessorType AccessorType;
+
+ public:
+  bool empty() const { return accessor_->IsEmpty(data_); }
+  int size() const { return accessor_->Size(data_); }
+  // See comments for RepeatedFieldRef<Message>::Get()
+  const T& Get(int index, T* scratch_space) const {
+    return *static_cast<const T*>(accessor_->Get(data_, index, scratch_space));
+  }
+  // Create a new message of the same type as the messages stored in this
+  // repeated field. Caller takes ownership of the returned object.
+  T* NewMessage() const { return static_cast<T*>(default_instance_->New()); }
+
+  void Set(int index, const T& value) const {
+    accessor_->Set(data_, index, &value);
+  }
+  void Add(const T& value) const { accessor_->Add(data_, &value); }
+  void RemoveLast() const { accessor_->RemoveLast(data_); }
+  void SwapElements(int index1, int index2) const {
+    accessor_->SwapElements(data_, index1, index2);
+  }
+  void Clear() const { accessor_->Clear(data_); }
+
+  void Swap(const MutableRepeatedFieldRef& other) const {
+    accessor_->Swap(data_, other.accessor_, other.data_);
+  }
+
+  template <typename Container>
+  void MergeFrom(const Container& container) const {
+    typedef typename Container::const_iterator Iterator;
+    for (Iterator it = container.begin(); it != container.end(); ++it) {
+      Add(*it);
+    }
+  }
+  template <typename Container>
+  void CopyFrom(const Container& container) const {
+    Clear();
+    MergeFrom(container);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  friend class Reflection;
+  MutableRepeatedFieldRef(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+    data_ = reflection->RepeatedFieldData(
+        message, field, internal::RefTypeTraits<T>::cpp_type,
+        internal::RefTypeTraits<T>::GetMessageFieldDescriptor());
+    accessor_ = reflection->RepeatedFieldAccessor(field);
+    default_instance_ =
+        reflection->GetMessageFactory()->GetPrototype(field->message_type());
+  }
+
+  void* data_;
+  const AccessorType* accessor_;
+  const Message* default_instance_;
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+// Interfaces used to implement reflection RepeatedFieldRef API.
+// Reflection::GetRepeatedAccessor() should return a pointer to an singleton
+// object that implements the below interface.
+//
+// This interface passes/returns values using void pointers. The actual type
+// of the value depends on the field's cpp_type. Following is a mapping from
+// cpp_type to the type that should be used in this interface:
+//
+//   field->cpp_type()      T                Actual type of void*
+//   CPPTYPE_INT32        int32                   int32
+//   CPPTYPE_UINT32       uint32                  uint32
+//   CPPTYPE_INT64        int64                   int64
+//   CPPTYPE_UINT64       uint64                  uint64
+//   CPPTYPE_DOUBLE       double                  double
+//   CPPTYPE_FLOAT        float                   float
+//   CPPTYPE_BOOL         bool                    bool
+//   CPPTYPE_ENUM         generated enum type     int32
+//   CPPTYPE_STRING       string                  std::string
+//   CPPTYPE_MESSAGE      generated message type  google::protobuf::Message
+//                        or google::protobuf::Message
+//
+// Note that for enums we use int32 in the interface.
+//
+// You can map from T to the actual type using RefTypeTraits:
+//   typedef RefTypeTraits<T>::AccessorValueType ActualType;
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT RepeatedFieldAccessor {
+ public:
+  // Typedefs for clarity.
+  typedef void Field;
+  typedef void Value;
+  typedef void Iterator;
+
+  virtual bool IsEmpty(const Field* data) const = 0;
+  virtual int Size(const Field* data) const = 0;
+  // Depends on the underlying representation of the repeated field, this
+  // method can return a pointer to the underlying object if such an object
+  // exists, or fill the data into scratch_space and return scratch_space.
+  // Callers of this method must ensure scratch_space is a valid pointer
+  // to a mutable object of the correct type.
+  virtual const Value* Get(const Field* data, int index,
+                           Value* scratch_space) const = 0;
+
+  virtual void Clear(Field* data) const = 0;
+  virtual void Set(Field* data, int index, const Value* value) const = 0;
+  virtual void Add(Field* data, const Value* value) const = 0;
+  virtual void RemoveLast(Field* data) const = 0;
+  virtual void SwapElements(Field* data, int index1, int index2) const = 0;
+  virtual void Swap(Field* data, const RepeatedFieldAccessor* other_mutator,
+                    Field* other_data) const = 0;
+
+  // Create an iterator that points at the beginning of the repeated field.
+  virtual Iterator* BeginIterator(const Field* data) const = 0;
+  // Create an iterator that points at the end of the repeated field.
+  virtual Iterator* EndIterator(const Field* data) const = 0;
+  // Make a copy of an iterator and return the new copy.
+  virtual Iterator* CopyIterator(const Field* data,
+                                 const Iterator* iterator) const = 0;
+  // Move an iterator to point to the next element.
+  virtual Iterator* AdvanceIterator(const Field* data,
+                                    Iterator* iterator) const = 0;
+  // Compare whether two iterators point to the same element.
+  virtual bool EqualsIterator(const Field* data, const Iterator* a,
+                              const Iterator* b) const = 0;
+  // Delete an iterator created by BeginIterator(), EndIterator() and
+  // CopyIterator().
+  virtual void DeleteIterator(const Field* data, Iterator* iterator) const = 0;
+  // Like Get() but for iterators.
+  virtual const Value* GetIteratorValue(const Field* data,
+                                        const Iterator* iterator,
+                                        Value* scratch_space) const = 0;
+
+  // Templated methods that make using this interface easier for non-message
+  // types.
+  template <typename T>
+  T Get(const Field* data, int index) const {
+    typedef typename RefTypeTraits<T>::AccessorValueType ActualType;
+    ActualType scratch_space;
+    return static_cast<T>(*reinterpret_cast<const ActualType*>(
+        Get(data, index, static_cast<Value*>(&scratch_space))));
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename ValueType>
+  void Set(Field* data, int index, const ValueType& value) const {
+    typedef typename RefTypeTraits<T>::AccessorValueType ActualType;
+    // In this RepeatedFieldAccessor interface we pass/return data using
+    // raw pointers. Type of the data these raw pointers point to should
+    // be ActualType. Here we have a ValueType object and want a ActualType
+    // pointer. We can't cast a ValueType pointer to an ActualType pointer
+    // directly because their type might be different (for enums ValueType
+    // may be a generated enum type while ActualType is int32). To be safe
+    // we make a copy to get a temporary ActualType object and use it.
+    ActualType tmp = static_cast<ActualType>(value);
+    Set(data, index, static_cast<const Value*>(&tmp));
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename ValueType>
+  void Add(Field* data, const ValueType& value) const {
+    typedef typename RefTypeTraits<T>::AccessorValueType ActualType;
+    // In this RepeatedFieldAccessor interface we pass/return data using
+    // raw pointers. Type of the data these raw pointers point to should
+    // be ActualType. Here we have a ValueType object and want a ActualType
+    // pointer. We can't cast a ValueType pointer to an ActualType pointer
+    // directly because their type might be different (for enums ValueType
+    // may be a generated enum type while ActualType is int32). To be safe
+    // we make a copy to get a temporary ActualType object and use it.
+    ActualType tmp = static_cast<ActualType>(value);
+    Add(data, static_cast<const Value*>(&tmp));
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  // We want the destructor to be completely trivial as to allow it to be
+  // a function local static. Hence we make it non-virtual and protected,
+  // this class only live as part of a global singleton and should not be
+  // deleted.
+  ~RepeatedFieldAccessor() = default;
+};
+
+// Implement (Mutable)RepeatedFieldRef::iterator
+template <typename T>
+class RepeatedFieldRefIterator
+    : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, T> {
+  typedef typename RefTypeTraits<T>::AccessorValueType AccessorValueType;
+  typedef typename RefTypeTraits<T>::IteratorValueType IteratorValueType;
+  typedef typename RefTypeTraits<T>::IteratorPointerType IteratorPointerType;
+
+ public:
+  // Constructor for non-message fields.
+  RepeatedFieldRefIterator(const void* data,
+                           const RepeatedFieldAccessor* accessor, bool begin)
+      : data_(data),
+        accessor_(accessor),
+        iterator_(begin ? accessor->BeginIterator(data)
+                        : accessor->EndIterator(data)),
+        // The end iterator must not be dereferenced, no need for scratch space.
+        scratch_space_(begin ? new AccessorValueType : nullptr) {}
+  // Constructor for message fields.
+  RepeatedFieldRefIterator(const void* data,
+                           const RepeatedFieldAccessor* accessor, bool begin,
+                           AccessorValueType* scratch_space)
+      : data_(data),
+        accessor_(accessor),
+        iterator_(begin ? accessor->BeginIterator(data)
+                        : accessor->EndIterator(data)),
+        scratch_space_(scratch_space) {}
+  ~RepeatedFieldRefIterator() { accessor_->DeleteIterator(data_, iterator_); }
+  RepeatedFieldRefIterator operator++(int) {
+    RepeatedFieldRefIterator tmp(*this);
+    iterator_ = accessor_->AdvanceIterator(data_, iterator_);
+    return tmp;
+  }
+  RepeatedFieldRefIterator& operator++() {
+    iterator_ = accessor_->AdvanceIterator(data_, iterator_);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  IteratorValueType operator*() const {
+    return static_cast<IteratorValueType>(
+        *static_cast<const AccessorValueType*>(accessor_->GetIteratorValue(
+            data_, iterator_, scratch_space_.get())));
+  }
+  IteratorPointerType operator->() const {
+    return static_cast<IteratorPointerType>(
+        accessor_->GetIteratorValue(data_, iterator_, scratch_space_.get()));
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const RepeatedFieldRefIterator& other) const {
+    assert(data_ == other.data_);
+    assert(accessor_ == other.accessor_);
+    return !accessor_->EqualsIterator(data_, iterator_, other.iterator_);
+  }
+  bool operator==(const RepeatedFieldRefIterator& other) const {
+    return !this->operator!=(other);
+  }
+
+  RepeatedFieldRefIterator(const RepeatedFieldRefIterator& other)
+      : data_(other.data_),
+        accessor_(other.accessor_),
+        iterator_(accessor_->CopyIterator(data_, other.iterator_)) {}
+  RepeatedFieldRefIterator& operator=(const RepeatedFieldRefIterator& other) {
+    if (this != &other) {
+      accessor_->DeleteIterator(data_, iterator_);
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      accessor_ = other.accessor_;
+      iterator_ = accessor_->CopyIterator(data_, other.iterator_);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  const void* data_;
+  const RepeatedFieldAccessor* accessor_;
+  void* iterator_;
+  std::unique_ptr<AccessorValueType> scratch_space_;
+};
+
+// TypeTraits that maps the type parameter T of RepeatedFieldRef or
+// MutableRepeatedFieldRef to corresponding iterator type,
+// RepeatedFieldAccessor type, etc.
+template <typename T>
+struct PrimitiveTraits {
+  static const bool is_primitive = false;
+};
+#define DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(TYPE, type)                 \
+  template <>                                        \
+  struct PrimitiveTraits<type> {                     \
+    static const bool is_primitive = true;           \
+    static const FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type = \
+        FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##TYPE;             \
+  };
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(INT32, int32)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(UINT32, uint32)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(INT64, int64)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(UINT64, uint64)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(FLOAT, float)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(DOUBLE, double)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(BOOL, bool)
+#undef DEFINE_PRIMITIVE
+
+template <typename T>
+struct RefTypeTraits<
+    T, typename std::enable_if<PrimitiveTraits<T>::is_primitive>::type> {
+  typedef RepeatedFieldRefIterator<T> iterator;
+  typedef RepeatedFieldAccessor AccessorType;
+  typedef T AccessorValueType;
+  typedef T IteratorValueType;
+  typedef T* IteratorPointerType;
+  static const FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type = PrimitiveTraits<T>::cpp_type;
+  static const Descriptor* GetMessageFieldDescriptor() { return NULL; }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct RefTypeTraits<
+    T, typename std::enable_if<is_proto_enum<T>::value>::type> {
+  typedef RepeatedFieldRefIterator<T> iterator;
+  typedef RepeatedFieldAccessor AccessorType;
+  // We use int32 for repeated enums in RepeatedFieldAccessor.
+  typedef int32 AccessorValueType;
+  typedef T IteratorValueType;
+  typedef int32* IteratorPointerType;
+  static const FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type =
+      FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM;
+  static const Descriptor* GetMessageFieldDescriptor() { return NULL; }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct RefTypeTraits<
+    T, typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<std::string, T>::value>::type> {
+  typedef RepeatedFieldRefIterator<T> iterator;
+  typedef RepeatedFieldAccessor AccessorType;
+  typedef std::string AccessorValueType;
+  typedef const std::string IteratorValueType;
+  typedef const std::string* IteratorPointerType;
+  static const FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type =
+      FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING;
+  static const Descriptor* GetMessageFieldDescriptor() { return NULL; }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct MessageDescriptorGetter {
+  static const Descriptor* get() {
+    return T::default_instance().GetDescriptor();
+  }
+};
+template <>
+struct MessageDescriptorGetter<Message> {
+  static const Descriptor* get() { return NULL; }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct RefTypeTraits<
+    T, typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of<Message, T>::value>::type> {
+  typedef RepeatedFieldRefIterator<T> iterator;
+  typedef RepeatedFieldAccessor AccessorType;
+  typedef Message AccessorValueType;
+  typedef const T& IteratorValueType;
+  typedef const T* IteratorPointerType;
+  static const FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type =
+      FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE;
+  static const Descriptor* GetMessageFieldDescriptor() {
+    return MessageDescriptorGetter<T>::get();
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REFLECTION_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection_internal.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection_internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40c070fc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection_internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REFLECTION_INTERNAL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REFLECTION_INTERNAL_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+// A base class for RepeatedFieldAccessor implementations that can support
+// random-access efficiently. All iterator methods delegates the work to
+// corresponding random-access methods.
+class RandomAccessRepeatedFieldAccessor : public RepeatedFieldAccessor {
+ public:
+  Iterator* BeginIterator(const Field* data) const override {
+    return PositionToIterator(0);
+  }
+  Iterator* EndIterator(const Field* data) const override {
+    return PositionToIterator(this->Size(data));
+  }
+  Iterator* CopyIterator(const Field* data,
+                         const Iterator* iterator) const override {
+    return const_cast<Iterator*>(iterator);
+  }
+  Iterator* AdvanceIterator(const Field* data,
+                            Iterator* iterator) const override {
+    return PositionToIterator(IteratorToPosition(iterator) + 1);
+  }
+  bool EqualsIterator(const Field* data, const Iterator* a,
+                      const Iterator* b) const override {
+    return a == b;
+  }
+  void DeleteIterator(const Field* data, Iterator* iterator) const override {}
+  const Value* GetIteratorValue(const Field* data, const Iterator* iterator,
+                                Value* scratch_space) const override {
+    return Get(data, static_cast<int>(IteratorToPosition(iterator)),
+               scratch_space);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ~RandomAccessRepeatedFieldAccessor() = default;
+
+ private:
+  static intptr_t IteratorToPosition(const Iterator* iterator) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(iterator);
+  }
+  static Iterator* PositionToIterator(intptr_t position) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<Iterator*>(position);
+  }
+};
+
+// Base class for RepeatedFieldAccessor implementations that manipulates
+// RepeatedField<T>.
+template <typename T>
+class RepeatedFieldWrapper : public RandomAccessRepeatedFieldAccessor {
+ public:
+  RepeatedFieldWrapper() {}
+  bool IsEmpty(const Field* data) const override {
+    return GetRepeatedField(data)->empty();
+  }
+  int Size(const Field* data) const override {
+    return GetRepeatedField(data)->size();
+  }
+  const Value* Get(const Field* data, int index,
+                   Value* scratch_space) const override {
+    return ConvertFromT(GetRepeatedField(data)->Get(index), scratch_space);
+  }
+  void Clear(Field* data) const override {
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->Clear();
+  }
+  void Set(Field* data, int index, const Value* value) const override {
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->Set(index, ConvertToT(value));
+  }
+  void Add(Field* data, const Value* value) const override {
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->Add(ConvertToT(value));
+  }
+  void RemoveLast(Field* data) const override {
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->RemoveLast();
+  }
+  void SwapElements(Field* data, int index1, int index2) const override {
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ~RepeatedFieldWrapper() = default;
+  typedef RepeatedField<T> RepeatedFieldType;
+  static const RepeatedFieldType* GetRepeatedField(const Field* data) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const RepeatedFieldType*>(data);
+  }
+  static RepeatedFieldType* MutableRepeatedField(Field* data) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<RepeatedFieldType*>(data);
+  }
+
+  // Convert an object recevied by this accessor to an object to be stored in
+  // the underlying RepeatedField.
+  virtual T ConvertToT(const Value* value) const = 0;
+
+  // Convert an object stored in RepeatedPtrField to an object that will be
+  // returned by this accessor. If the two objects have the same type (true for
+  // string fields with ctype=STRING), a pointer to the source object can be
+  // returned directly. Otherwise, data should be copied from value to
+  // scratch_space and scratch_space should be returned.
+  virtual const Value* ConvertFromT(const T& value,
+                                    Value* scratch_space) const = 0;
+};
+
+// Base class for RepeatedFieldAccessor implementations that manipulates
+// RepeatedPtrField<T>.
+template <typename T>
+class RepeatedPtrFieldWrapper : public RandomAccessRepeatedFieldAccessor {
+ public:
+  bool IsEmpty(const Field* data) const override {
+    return GetRepeatedField(data)->empty();
+  }
+  int Size(const Field* data) const override {
+    return GetRepeatedField(data)->size();
+  }
+  const Value* Get(const Field* data, int index,
+                   Value* scratch_space) const override {
+    return ConvertFromT(GetRepeatedField(data)->Get(index), scratch_space);
+  }
+  void Clear(Field* data) const override {
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->Clear();
+  }
+  void Set(Field* data, int index, const Value* value) const override {
+    ConvertToT(value, MutableRepeatedField(data)->Mutable(index));
+  }
+  void Add(Field* data, const Value* value) const override {
+    T* allocated = New(value);
+    ConvertToT(value, allocated);
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->AddAllocated(allocated);
+  }
+  void RemoveLast(Field* data) const override {
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->RemoveLast();
+  }
+  void SwapElements(Field* data, int index1, int index2) const override {
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ~RepeatedPtrFieldWrapper() = default;
+  typedef RepeatedPtrField<T> RepeatedFieldType;
+  static const RepeatedFieldType* GetRepeatedField(const Field* data) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const RepeatedFieldType*>(data);
+  }
+  static RepeatedFieldType* MutableRepeatedField(Field* data) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<RepeatedFieldType*>(data);
+  }
+
+  // Create a new T instance. For repeated message fields, T can be specified
+  // as google::protobuf::Message so we can't use "new T()" directly. In that case, value
+  // should be a message of the same type (it's ensured by the caller) and a
+  // new message object will be created using it.
+  virtual T* New(const Value* value) const = 0;
+
+  // Convert an object received by this accessor to an object that will be
+  // stored in the underlying RepeatedPtrField.
+  virtual void ConvertToT(const Value* value, T* result) const = 0;
+
+  // Convert an object stored in RepeatedPtrField to an object that will be
+  // returned by this accessor. If the two objects have the same type (true for
+  // string fields with ctype=STRING), a pointer to the source object can be
+  // returned directly. Otherwise, data should be copied from value to
+  // scratch_space and scratch_space should be returned.
+  virtual const Value* ConvertFromT(const T& value,
+                                    Value* scratch_space) const = 0;
+};
+
+// An implementation of RandomAccessRepeatedFieldAccessor that manipulates
+// MapFieldBase.
+class MapFieldAccessor final : public RandomAccessRepeatedFieldAccessor {
+ public:
+  MapFieldAccessor() {}
+  virtual ~MapFieldAccessor() {}
+  bool IsEmpty(const Field* data) const override {
+    return GetRepeatedField(data)->empty();
+  }
+  int Size(const Field* data) const override {
+    return GetRepeatedField(data)->size();
+  }
+  const Value* Get(const Field* data, int index,
+                   Value* scratch_space) const override {
+    return ConvertFromEntry(GetRepeatedField(data)->Get(index), scratch_space);
+  }
+  void Clear(Field* data) const override {
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->Clear();
+  }
+  void Set(Field* data, int index, const Value* value) const override {
+    ConvertToEntry(value, MutableRepeatedField(data)->Mutable(index));
+  }
+  void Add(Field* data, const Value* value) const override {
+    Message* allocated = New(value);
+    ConvertToEntry(value, allocated);
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->AddAllocated(allocated);
+  }
+  void RemoveLast(Field* data) const override {
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->RemoveLast();
+  }
+  void SwapElements(Field* data, int index1, int index2) const override {
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->SwapElements(index1, index2);
+  }
+  void Swap(Field* data, const internal::RepeatedFieldAccessor* other_mutator,
+            Field* other_data) const override {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(this == other_mutator);
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->Swap(MutableRepeatedField(other_data));
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  typedef RepeatedPtrField<Message> RepeatedFieldType;
+  static const RepeatedFieldType* GetRepeatedField(const Field* data) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const RepeatedFieldType*>(
+        (&reinterpret_cast<const MapFieldBase*>(data)->GetRepeatedField()));
+  }
+  static RepeatedFieldType* MutableRepeatedField(Field* data) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<RepeatedFieldType*>(
+        reinterpret_cast<MapFieldBase*>(data)->MutableRepeatedField());
+  }
+  virtual Message* New(const Value* value) const {
+    return static_cast<const Message*>(value)->New();
+  }
+  // Convert an object received by this accessor to an MapEntry message to be
+  // stored in the underlying MapFieldBase.
+  virtual void ConvertToEntry(const Value* value, Message* result) const {
+    result->CopyFrom(*static_cast<const Message*>(value));
+  }
+  // Convert a MapEntry message stored in the underlying MapFieldBase to an
+  // object that will be returned by this accessor.
+  virtual const Value* ConvertFromEntry(const Message& value,
+                                        Value* scratch_space) const {
+    return static_cast<const Value*>(&value);
+  }
+};
+
+// Default implementations of RepeatedFieldAccessor for primitive types.
+template <typename T>
+class RepeatedFieldPrimitiveAccessor final : public RepeatedFieldWrapper<T> {
+  typedef void Field;
+  typedef void Value;
+  using RepeatedFieldWrapper<T>::MutableRepeatedField;
+
+ public:
+  RepeatedFieldPrimitiveAccessor() {}
+  void Swap(Field* data, const internal::RepeatedFieldAccessor* other_mutator,
+            Field* other_data) const override {
+    // Currently RepeatedFieldPrimitiveAccessor is the only implementation of
+    // RepeatedFieldAccessor for primitive types. As we are using singletons
+    // for these accessors, here "other_mutator" must be "this".
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(this == other_mutator);
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->Swap(MutableRepeatedField(other_data));
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  T ConvertToT(const Value* value) const override {
+    return *static_cast<const T*>(value);
+  }
+  const Value* ConvertFromT(const T& value,
+                            Value* scratch_space) const override {
+    return static_cast<const Value*>(&value);
+  }
+};
+
+// Default implementation of RepeatedFieldAccessor for string fields with
+// ctype=STRING.
+class RepeatedPtrFieldStringAccessor final
+    : public RepeatedPtrFieldWrapper<std::string> {
+  typedef void Field;
+  typedef void Value;
+  using RepeatedFieldAccessor::Add;
+
+ public:
+  RepeatedPtrFieldStringAccessor() {}
+  void Swap(Field* data, const internal::RepeatedFieldAccessor* other_mutator,
+            Field* other_data) const override {
+    if (this == other_mutator) {
+      MutableRepeatedField(data)->Swap(MutableRepeatedField(other_data));
+    } else {
+      RepeatedPtrField<std::string> tmp;
+      tmp.Swap(MutableRepeatedField(data));
+      int other_size = other_mutator->Size(other_data);
+      for (int i = 0; i < other_size; ++i) {
+        Add<std::string>(data, other_mutator->Get<std::string>(other_data, i));
+      }
+      int size = Size(data);
+      other_mutator->Clear(other_data);
+      for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        other_mutator->Add<std::string>(other_data, tmp.Get(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::string* New(const Value*) const override { return new std::string(); }
+  void ConvertToT(const Value* value, std::string* result) const override {
+    *result = *static_cast<const std::string*>(value);
+  }
+  const Value* ConvertFromT(const std::string& value,
+                            Value* scratch_space) const override {
+    return static_cast<const Value*>(&value);
+  }
+};
+
+
+class RepeatedPtrFieldMessageAccessor final
+    : public RepeatedPtrFieldWrapper<Message> {
+  typedef void Field;
+  typedef void Value;
+
+ public:
+  RepeatedPtrFieldMessageAccessor() {}
+  void Swap(Field* data, const internal::RepeatedFieldAccessor* other_mutator,
+            Field* other_data) const override {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(this == other_mutator);
+    MutableRepeatedField(data)->Swap(MutableRepeatedField(other_data));
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  Message* New(const Value* value) const override {
+    return static_cast<const Message*>(value)->New();
+  }
+  void ConvertToT(const Value* value, Message* result) const override {
+    result->CopyFrom(*static_cast<const Message*>(value));
+  }
+  const Value* ConvertFromT(const Message& value,
+                            Value* scratch_space) const override {
+    return static_cast<const Value*>(&value);
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REFLECTION_INTERNAL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..077956a7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+static const Reflection* GetReflectionOrDie(const Message& m) {
+  const Reflection* r = m.GetReflection();
+  if (r == nullptr) {
+    const Descriptor* d = m.GetDescriptor();
+    const std::string& mtype = d ? d->name() : "unknown";
+    // RawMessage is one known type for which GetReflection() returns nullptr.
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Message does not support reflection (type " << mtype << ").";
+  }
+  return r;
+}
+
+void ReflectionOps::Copy(const Message& from, Message* to) {
+  if (&from == to) return;
+  Clear(to);
+  Merge(from, to);
+}
+
+void ReflectionOps::Merge(const Message& from, Message* to) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(&from, to);
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = from.GetDescriptor();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(to->GetDescriptor(), descriptor)
+      << "Tried to merge messages of different types "
+      << "(merge " << descriptor->full_name() << " to "
+      << to->GetDescriptor()->full_name() << ")";
+
+  const Reflection* from_reflection = GetReflectionOrDie(from);
+  const Reflection* to_reflection = GetReflectionOrDie(*to);
+  bool is_from_generated = (from_reflection->GetMessageFactory() ==
+                            google::protobuf::MessageFactory::generated_factory());
+  bool is_to_generated = (to_reflection->GetMessageFactory() ==
+                          google::protobuf::MessageFactory::generated_factory());
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  from_reflection->ListFields(from, &fields);
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
+
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      // Use map reflection if both are in map status and have the
+      // same map type to avoid sync with repeated field.
+      // Note: As from and to messages have the same descriptor, the
+      // map field types are the same if they are both generated
+      // messages or both dynamic messages.
+      if (is_from_generated == is_to_generated && field->is_map()) {
+        const MapFieldBase* from_field =
+            from_reflection->GetMapData(from, field);
+        MapFieldBase* to_field = to_reflection->MutableMapData(to, field);
+        if (to_field->IsMapValid() && from_field->IsMapValid()) {
+          to_field->MergeFrom(*from_field);
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      int count = from_reflection->FieldSize(from, field);
+      for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
+        switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(CPPTYPE, METHOD)                                      \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE:                                \
+    to_reflection->Add##METHOD(                                           \
+        to, field, from_reflection->GetRepeated##METHOD(from, field, j)); \
+    break;
+
+          HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, Int32);
+          HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, Int64);
+          HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32);
+          HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64);
+          HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, Float);
+          HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double);
+          HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool);
+          HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, String);
+          HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, Enum);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+          case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+            to_reflection->AddMessage(to, field)->MergeFrom(
+                from_reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(from, field, j));
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(CPPTYPE, METHOD)                                       \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE:                                 \
+    to_reflection->Set##METHOD(to, field,                                  \
+                               from_reflection->Get##METHOD(from, field)); \
+    break;
+
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, Int32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, Int64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, Float);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(STRING, String);
+        HANDLE_TYPE(ENUM, Enum);
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+          to_reflection->MutableMessage(to, field)->MergeFrom(
+              from_reflection->GetMessage(from, field));
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  to_reflection->MutableUnknownFields(to)->MergeFrom(
+      from_reflection->GetUnknownFields(from));
+}
+
+void ReflectionOps::Clear(Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = GetReflectionOrDie(*message);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  reflection->ListFields(*message, &fields);
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+    reflection->ClearField(message, fields[i]);
+  }
+
+  reflection->MutableUnknownFields(message)->Clear();
+}
+
+bool ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(const Message& message) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  const Reflection* reflection = GetReflectionOrDie(message);
+
+  // Check required fields of this message.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (descriptor->field(i)->is_required()) {
+      if (!reflection->HasField(message, descriptor->field(i))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check that sub-messages are initialized.
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  reflection->ListFields(message, &fields);
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+
+      if (field->is_map()) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* value_field = field->message_type()->field(1);
+        if (value_field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+          const MapFieldBase* map_field =
+              reflection->GetMapData(message, field);
+          if (map_field->IsMapValid()) {
+            MapIterator iter(const_cast<Message*>(&message), field);
+            MapIterator end(const_cast<Message*>(&message), field);
+            for (map_field->MapBegin(&iter), map_field->MapEnd(&end);
+                 iter != end; ++iter) {
+              if (!iter.GetValueRef().GetMessageValue().IsInitialized()) {
+                return false;
+              }
+            }
+            continue;
+          }
+        } else {
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        int size = reflection->FieldSize(message, field);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+          if (!reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, field, j)
+                   .IsInitialized()) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (!reflection->GetMessage(message, field).IsInitialized()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool IsMapValueMessageTyped(const FieldDescriptor* map_field) {
+  return map_field->message_type()->field(1)->cpp_type() ==
+         FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE;
+}
+
+void ReflectionOps::DiscardUnknownFields(Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = GetReflectionOrDie(*message);
+
+  reflection->MutableUnknownFields(message)->Clear();
+
+  // Walk through the fields of this message and DiscardUnknownFields on any
+  // messages present.
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  reflection->ListFields(*message, &fields);
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
+    // Skip over non-message fields.
+    if (field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    // Discard the unknown fields in maps that contain message values.
+    if (field->is_map() && IsMapValueMessageTyped(field)) {
+      const MapFieldBase* map_field =
+          reflection->MutableMapData(message, field);
+      if (map_field->IsMapValid()) {
+        MapIterator iter(message, field);
+        MapIterator end(message, field);
+        for (map_field->MapBegin(&iter), map_field->MapEnd(&end); iter != end;
+             ++iter) {
+          iter.MutableValueRef()->MutableMessageValue()->DiscardUnknownFields();
+        }
+      }
+      // Discard every unknown field inside messages in a repeated field.
+    } else if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      int size = reflection->FieldSize(*message, field);
+      for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+        reflection->MutableRepeatedMessage(message, field, j)
+            ->DiscardUnknownFields();
+      }
+      // Discard the unknown fields inside an optional message.
+    } else {
+      reflection->MutableMessage(message, field)->DiscardUnknownFields();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static std::string SubMessagePrefix(const std::string& prefix,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* field, int index) {
+  std::string result(prefix);
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    result.append("(");
+    result.append(field->full_name());
+    result.append(")");
+  } else {
+    result.append(field->name());
+  }
+  if (index != -1) {
+    result.append("[");
+    result.append(StrCat(index));
+    result.append("]");
+  }
+  result.append(".");
+  return result;
+}
+
+void ReflectionOps::FindInitializationErrors(const Message& message,
+                                             const std::string& prefix,
+                                             std::vector<std::string>* errors) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  const Reflection* reflection = GetReflectionOrDie(message);
+
+  // Check required fields of this message.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (descriptor->field(i)->is_required()) {
+      if (!reflection->HasField(message, descriptor->field(i))) {
+        errors->push_back(prefix + descriptor->field(i)->name());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check sub-messages.
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  reflection->ListFields(message, &fields);
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+
+      if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        int size = reflection->FieldSize(message, field);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+          const Message& sub_message =
+              reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, field, j);
+          FindInitializationErrors(sub_message,
+                                   SubMessagePrefix(prefix, field, j), errors);
+        }
+      } else {
+        const Message& sub_message = reflection->GetMessage(message, field);
+        FindInitializationErrors(sub_message,
+                                 SubMessagePrefix(prefix, field, -1), errors);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b30c050a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This header is logically internal, but is made public because it is used
+// from protocol-compiler-generated code, which may reside in other components.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REFLECTION_OPS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REFLECTION_OPS_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// Basic operations that can be performed using reflection.
+// These can be used as a cheap way to implement the corresponding
+// methods of the Message interface, though they are likely to be
+// slower than implementations tailored for the specific message type.
+//
+// This class should stay limited to operations needed to implement
+// the Message interface.
+//
+// This class is really a namespace that contains only static methods.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ReflectionOps {
+ public:
+  static void Copy(const Message& from, Message* to);
+  static void Merge(const Message& from, Message* to);
+  static void Clear(Message* message);
+  static bool IsInitialized(const Message& message);
+  static void DiscardUnknownFields(Message* message);
+
+  // Finds all unset required fields in the message and adds their full
+  // paths (e.g. "foo.bar[5].baz") to *names.  "prefix" will be attached to
+  // the front of each name.
+  static void FindInitializationErrors(const Message& message,
+                                       const std::string& prefix,
+                                       std::vector<std::string>* errors);
+
+ private:
+  // All methods are static.  No need to construct.
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ReflectionOps);
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REFLECTION_OPS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd141933c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, SanityCheck) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, Copy) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message, message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+
+  ReflectionOps::Copy(message, &message2);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+
+  // Copying from self should be a no-op.
+  ReflectionOps::Copy(message2, &message2);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, CopyExtensions) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message, message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+
+  ReflectionOps::Copy(message, &message2);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, CopyOneof) {
+  unittest::TestOneof2 message, message2;
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&message);
+  ReflectionOps::Copy(message, &message2);
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet1(message2);
+
+  TestUtil::SetOneof2(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet2(message);
+  ReflectionOps::Copy(message, &message2);
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet2(message2);
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, Merge) {
+  // Note:  Copy is implemented in terms of Merge() so technically the Copy
+  //   test already tested most of this.
+
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message, message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+
+  // This field will test merging into an empty spot.
+  message2.set_optional_int32(message.optional_int32());
+  message.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  // This tests overwriting.
+  message2.set_optional_string(message.optional_string());
+  message.set_optional_string("something else");
+
+  // This tests concatenating.
+  message2.add_repeated_int32(message.repeated_int32(1));
+  int32 i = message.repeated_int32(0);
+  message.clear_repeated_int32();
+  message.add_repeated_int32(i);
+
+  ReflectionOps::Merge(message2, &message);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, MergeExtensions) {
+  // Note:  Copy is implemented in terms of Merge() so technically the Copy
+  //   test already tested most of this.
+
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message, message2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+
+  // This field will test merging into an empty spot.
+  message2.SetExtension(
+      unittest::optional_int32_extension,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension));
+  message.ClearExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension);
+
+  // This tests overwriting.
+  message2.SetExtension(
+      unittest::optional_string_extension,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension));
+  message.SetExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension, "something else");
+
+  // This tests concatenating.
+  message2.AddExtension(
+      unittest::repeated_int32_extension,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension, 1));
+  int32 i = message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension, 0);
+  message.ClearExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension);
+  message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension, i);
+
+  ReflectionOps::Merge(message2, &message);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message);
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, MergeUnknown) {
+  // Test that the messages' UnknownFieldSets are correctly merged.
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage message1, message2;
+  message1.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(1234, 1);
+  message2.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(1234, 2);
+
+  ReflectionOps::Merge(message2, &message1);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message1.unknown_fields().field_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT,
+            message1.unknown_fields().field(0).type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message1.unknown_fields().field(0).varint());
+  ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT,
+            message1.unknown_fields().field(1).type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message1.unknown_fields().field(1).varint());
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, MergeOneof) {
+  unittest::TestOneof2 message1, message2;
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&message1);
+
+  // Merge to empty message
+  ReflectionOps::Merge(message1, &message2);
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet1(message2);
+
+  // Merge with the same oneof fields
+  ReflectionOps::Merge(message1, &message2);
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet1(message2);
+
+  // Merge with different oneof fields
+  TestUtil::SetOneof2(&message1);
+  ReflectionOps::Merge(message1, &message2);
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet2(message2);
+}
+
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, MergeFromSelf) {
+  // Note:  Copy is implemented in terms of Merge() so technically the Copy
+  //   test already tested most of this.
+
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  EXPECT_DEATH(ReflectionOps::Merge(message, &message), "&from");
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, Clear) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+
+  ReflectionOps::Clear(&message);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectClear(message);
+
+  // Check that getting embedded messages returns the objects created during
+  // SetAllFields() rather than default instances.
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest::TestAllTypes::OptionalGroup::default_instance(),
+            &message.optionalgroup());
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest::ForeignMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.optional_foreign_message());
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest_import::ImportMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.optional_import_message());
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, ClearExtensions) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+
+  ReflectionOps::Clear(&message);
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectExtensionsClear(message);
+
+  // Check that getting embedded messages returns the objects created during
+  // SetAllExtensions() rather than default instances.
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest::OptionalGroup_extension::default_instance(),
+            &message.GetExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension));
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_NE(
+      &unittest::ForeignMessage::default_instance(),
+      &message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_NE(&unittest_import::ImportMessage::default_instance(),
+            &message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension));
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, ClearUnknown) {
+  // Test that the message's UnknownFieldSet is correctly cleared.
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage message;
+  message.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(1234, 1);
+
+  ReflectionOps::Clear(&message);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.unknown_fields().field_count());
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, ClearOneof) {
+  unittest::TestOneof2 message;
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofClear(message);
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet1(message);
+  ReflectionOps::Clear(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofClear(message);
+
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet1(message);
+  TestUtil::SetOneof2(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet2(message);
+  ReflectionOps::Clear(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofClear(message);
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, DiscardUnknownFields) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+
+  // Set some unknown fields in message.
+  message.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(123456, 654321);
+  message.mutable_optional_nested_message()
+      ->mutable_unknown_fields()
+      ->AddVarint(123456, 654321);
+  message.mutable_repeated_nested_message(0)
+      ->mutable_unknown_fields()
+      ->AddVarint(123456, 654321);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.unknown_fields().field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1,
+            message.optional_nested_message().unknown_fields().field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1,
+            message.repeated_nested_message(0).unknown_fields().field_count());
+
+  // Discard them.
+  ReflectionOps::DiscardUnknownFields(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.unknown_fields().field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.optional_nested_message().unknown_fields().field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.repeated_nested_message(0).unknown_fields().field_count());
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, DiscardUnknownExtensions) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+
+  // Set some unknown fields.
+  message.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(123456, 654321);
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension)
+      ->mutable_unknown_fields()
+      ->AddVarint(123456, 654321);
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension, 0)
+      ->mutable_unknown_fields()
+      ->AddVarint(123456, 654321);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.unknown_fields().field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension)
+                   .unknown_fields()
+                   .field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension, 0)
+                .unknown_fields()
+                .field_count());
+
+  // Discard them.
+  ReflectionOps::DiscardUnknownFields(&message);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(message);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.unknown_fields().field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension)
+                   .unknown_fields()
+                   .field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension, 0)
+                .unknown_fields()
+                .field_count());
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, IsInitialized) {
+  unittest::TestRequired message;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+  message.set_a(1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+  message.set_b(2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+  message.set_c(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, ForeignIsInitialized) {
+  unittest::TestRequiredForeign message;
+
+  // Starts out initialized because the foreign message is itself an optional
+  // field.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+
+  // Once we create that field, the message is no longer initialized.
+  message.mutable_optional_message();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+
+  // Initialize it.  Now we're initialized.
+  message.mutable_optional_message()->set_a(1);
+  message.mutable_optional_message()->set_b(2);
+  message.mutable_optional_message()->set_c(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+
+  // Add a repeated version of the message.  No longer initialized.
+  unittest::TestRequired* sub_message = message.add_repeated_message();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+
+  // Initialize that repeated version.
+  sub_message->set_a(1);
+  sub_message->set_b(2);
+  sub_message->set_c(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, ExtensionIsInitialized) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+
+  // Starts out initialized because the foreign message is itself an optional
+  // field.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+
+  // Once we create that field, the message is no longer initialized.
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::single);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+
+  // Initialize it.  Now we're initialized.
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::single)->set_a(1);
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::single)->set_b(2);
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::single)->set_c(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+
+  // Add a repeated version of the message.  No longer initialized.
+  message.AddExtension(unittest::TestRequired::multi);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+
+  // Initialize that repeated version.
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::multi, 0)->set_a(1);
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::multi, 0)->set_b(2);
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::multi, 0)->set_c(3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, OneofIsInitialized) {
+  unittest::TestRequiredOneof message;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+
+  message.mutable_foo_message();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+
+  message.set_foo_int(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+
+  message.mutable_foo_message();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+  message.mutable_foo_message()->set_required_double(0.1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ReflectionOps::IsInitialized(message));
+}
+
+static std::string FindInitializationErrors(const Message& message) {
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+  ReflectionOps::FindInitializationErrors(message, "", &errors);
+  return Join(errors, ",");
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, FindInitializationErrors) {
+  unittest::TestRequired message;
+  EXPECT_EQ("a,b,c", FindInitializationErrors(message));
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, FindForeignInitializationErrors) {
+  unittest::TestRequiredForeign message;
+  message.mutable_optional_message();
+  message.add_repeated_message();
+  message.add_repeated_message();
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "optional_message.a,"
+      "optional_message.b,"
+      "optional_message.c,"
+      "repeated_message[0].a,"
+      "repeated_message[0].b,"
+      "repeated_message[0].c,"
+      "repeated_message[1].a,"
+      "repeated_message[1].b,"
+      "repeated_message[1].c",
+      FindInitializationErrors(message));
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, FindExtensionInitializationErrors) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  message.MutableExtension(unittest::TestRequired::single);
+  message.AddExtension(unittest::TestRequired::multi);
+  message.AddExtension(unittest::TestRequired::multi);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "(protobuf_unittest.TestRequired.single).a,"
+      "(protobuf_unittest.TestRequired.single).b,"
+      "(protobuf_unittest.TestRequired.single).c,"
+      "(protobuf_unittest.TestRequired.multi)[0].a,"
+      "(protobuf_unittest.TestRequired.multi)[0].b,"
+      "(protobuf_unittest.TestRequired.multi)[0].c,"
+      "(protobuf_unittest.TestRequired.multi)[1].a,"
+      "(protobuf_unittest.TestRequired.multi)[1].b,"
+      "(protobuf_unittest.TestRequired.multi)[1].c",
+      FindInitializationErrors(message));
+}
+
+TEST(ReflectionOpsTest, FindOneofInitializationErrors) {
+  unittest::TestRequiredOneof message;
+  message.mutable_foo_message();
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo_message.required_double", FindInitializationErrors(message));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc73917c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/implicit_weak_message.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace internal {
+
+void** RepeatedPtrFieldBase::InternalExtend(int extend_amount) {
+  int new_size = current_size_ + extend_amount;
+  if (total_size_ >= new_size) {
+    // N.B.: rep_ is non-NULL because extend_amount is always > 0, hence
+    // total_size must be non-zero since it is lower-bounded by new_size.
+    return &rep_->elements[current_size_];
+  }
+  Rep* old_rep = rep_;
+  Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  new_size = std::max(kMinRepeatedFieldAllocationSize,
+                      std::max(total_size_ * 2, new_size));
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(new_size, (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() - kRepHeaderSize) /
+                         sizeof(old_rep->elements[0]))
+      << "Requested size is too large to fit into size_t.";
+  size_t bytes = kRepHeaderSize + sizeof(old_rep->elements[0]) * new_size;
+  if (arena == NULL) {
+    rep_ = reinterpret_cast<Rep*>(::operator new(bytes));
+  } else {
+    rep_ = reinterpret_cast<Rep*>(Arena::CreateArray<char>(arena, bytes));
+  }
+#if defined(__GXX_DELETE_WITH_SIZE__) || defined(__cpp_sized_deallocation)
+  const int old_total_size = total_size_;
+#endif
+  total_size_ = new_size;
+  if (old_rep && old_rep->allocated_size > 0) {
+    memcpy(rep_->elements, old_rep->elements,
+           old_rep->allocated_size * sizeof(rep_->elements[0]));
+    rep_->allocated_size = old_rep->allocated_size;
+  } else {
+    rep_->allocated_size = 0;
+  }
+  if (arena == NULL) {
+#if defined(__GXX_DELETE_WITH_SIZE__) || defined(__cpp_sized_deallocation)
+    const size_t old_size =
+        old_total_size * sizeof(rep_->elements[0]) + kRepHeaderSize;
+    ::operator delete(static_cast<void*>(old_rep), old_size);
+#else
+    ::operator delete(static_cast<void*>(old_rep));
+#endif
+  }
+  return &rep_->elements[current_size_];
+}
+
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Reserve(int new_size) {
+  if (new_size > current_size_) {
+    InternalExtend(new_size - current_size_);
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::CloseGap(int start, int num) {
+  if (rep_ == NULL) return;
+  // Close up a gap of "num" elements starting at offset "start".
+  for (int i = start + num; i < rep_->allocated_size; ++i)
+    rep_->elements[i - num] = rep_->elements[i];
+  current_size_ -= num;
+  rep_->allocated_size -= num;
+}
+
+MessageLite* RepeatedPtrFieldBase::AddWeak(const MessageLite* prototype) {
+  if (rep_ != NULL && current_size_ < rep_->allocated_size) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<MessageLite*>(rep_->elements[current_size_++]);
+  }
+  if (!rep_ || rep_->allocated_size == total_size_) {
+    Reserve(total_size_ + 1);
+  }
+  ++rep_->allocated_size;
+  MessageLite* result = prototype
+                            ? prototype->New(arena_)
+                            : Arena::CreateMessage<ImplicitWeakMessage>(arena_);
+  rep_->elements[current_size_++] = result;
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+
+template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DEFINE RepeatedField<bool>;
+template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DEFINE RepeatedField<int32>;
+template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DEFINE RepeatedField<uint32>;
+template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DEFINE RepeatedField<int64>;
+template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DEFINE RepeatedField<uint64>;
+template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DEFINE RepeatedField<float>;
+template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DEFINE RepeatedField<double>;
+template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DEFINE RepeatedPtrField<std::string>;
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..280e0ef2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2671 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// RepeatedField and RepeatedPtrField are used by generated protocol message
+// classes to manipulate repeated fields.  These classes are very similar to
+// STL's vector, but include a number of optimizations found to be useful
+// specifically in the case of Protocol Buffers.  RepeatedPtrField is
+// particularly different from STL vector as it manages ownership of the
+// pointers that it contains.
+//
+// Typically, clients should not need to access RepeatedField objects directly,
+// but should instead use the accessor functions generated automatically by the
+// protocol compiler.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REPEATED_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REPEATED_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <utility>
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+// This is required for min/max on VS2013 only.
+#include <algorithm>
+#endif
+
+#include <iterator>
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Message;
+class Reflection;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct WeakRepeatedPtrField;
+
+namespace internal {
+
+class MergePartialFromCodedStreamHelper;
+
+static const int kMinRepeatedFieldAllocationSize = 4;
+
+// A utility function for logging that doesn't need any template types.
+void LogIndexOutOfBounds(int index, int size);
+
+template <typename Iter>
+inline int CalculateReserve(Iter begin, Iter end, std::forward_iterator_tag) {
+  return static_cast<int>(std::distance(begin, end));
+}
+
+template <typename Iter>
+inline int CalculateReserve(Iter /*begin*/, Iter /*end*/,
+                            std::input_iterator_tag /*unused*/) {
+  return -1;
+}
+
+template <typename Iter>
+inline int CalculateReserve(Iter begin, Iter end) {
+  typedef typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::iterator_category Category;
+  return CalculateReserve(begin, end, Category());
+}
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// RepeatedField is used to represent repeated fields of a primitive type (in
+// other words, everything except strings and nested Messages).  Most users will
+// not ever use a RepeatedField directly; they will use the get-by-index,
+// set-by-index, and add accessors that are generated for all repeated fields.
+template <typename Element>
+class RepeatedField final {
+  static_assert(
+      alignof(Arena) >= alignof(Element),
+      "We only support types that have an alignment smaller than Arena");
+
+ public:
+  RepeatedField();
+  explicit RepeatedField(Arena* arena);
+  RepeatedField(const RepeatedField& other);
+  template <typename Iter>
+  RepeatedField(Iter begin, const Iter& end);
+  ~RepeatedField();
+
+  RepeatedField& operator=(const RepeatedField& other);
+
+  RepeatedField(RepeatedField&& other) noexcept;
+  RepeatedField& operator=(RepeatedField&& other) noexcept;
+
+  bool empty() const;
+  int size() const;
+
+  const Element& Get(int index) const;
+  Element* Mutable(int index);
+
+  const Element& operator[](int index) const { return Get(index); }
+  Element& operator[](int index) { return *Mutable(index); }
+
+  const Element& at(int index) const;
+  Element& at(int index);
+
+  void Set(int index, const Element& value);
+  void Add(const Element& value);
+  // Appends a new element and return a pointer to it.
+  // The new element is uninitialized if |Element| is a POD type.
+  Element* Add();
+  // Append elements in the range [begin, end) after reserving
+  // the appropriate number of elements.
+  template <typename Iter>
+  void Add(Iter begin, Iter end);
+
+  // Remove the last element in the array.
+  void RemoveLast();
+
+  // Extract elements with indices in "[start .. start+num-1]".
+  // Copy them into "elements[0 .. num-1]" if "elements" is not NULL.
+  // Caution: implementation also moves elements with indices [start+num ..].
+  // Calling this routine inside a loop can cause quadratic behavior.
+  void ExtractSubrange(int start, int num, Element* elements);
+
+  void Clear();
+  void MergeFrom(const RepeatedField& other);
+  void CopyFrom(const RepeatedField& other);
+
+  // Reserve space to expand the field to at least the given size.  If the
+  // array is grown, it will always be at least doubled in size.
+  void Reserve(int new_size);
+
+  // Resize the RepeatedField to a new, smaller size.  This is O(1).
+  void Truncate(int new_size);
+
+  void AddAlreadyReserved(const Element& value);
+  // Appends a new element and return a pointer to it.
+  // The new element is uninitialized if |Element| is a POD type.
+  // Should be called only if Capacity() > Size().
+  Element* AddAlreadyReserved();
+  Element* AddNAlreadyReserved(int elements);
+  int Capacity() const;
+
+  // Like STL resize.  Uses value to fill appended elements.
+  // Like Truncate() if new_size <= size(), otherwise this is
+  // O(new_size - size()).
+  void Resize(int new_size, const Element& value);
+
+  // Gets the underlying array.  This pointer is possibly invalidated by
+  // any add or remove operation.
+  Element* mutable_data();
+  const Element* data() const;
+
+  // Swap entire contents with "other". If they are separate arenas then, copies
+  // data between each other.
+  void Swap(RepeatedField* other);
+
+  // Swap entire contents with "other". Should be called only if the caller can
+  // guarantee that both repeated fields are on the same arena or are on the
+  // heap. Swapping between different arenas is disallowed and caught by a
+  // GOOGLE_DCHECK (see API docs for details).
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(RepeatedField* other);
+
+  // Swap two elements.
+  void SwapElements(int index1, int index2);
+
+  // STL-like iterator support
+  typedef Element* iterator;
+  typedef const Element* const_iterator;
+  typedef Element value_type;
+  typedef value_type& reference;
+  typedef const value_type& const_reference;
+  typedef value_type* pointer;
+  typedef const value_type* const_pointer;
+  typedef int size_type;
+  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+
+  iterator begin();
+  const_iterator begin() const;
+  const_iterator cbegin() const;
+  iterator end();
+  const_iterator end() const;
+  const_iterator cend() const;
+
+  // Reverse iterator support
+  typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
+  typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
+  reverse_iterator rbegin() { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
+  const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const {
+    return const_reverse_iterator(end());
+  }
+  reverse_iterator rend() { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
+  const_reverse_iterator rend() const {
+    return const_reverse_iterator(begin());
+  }
+
+  // Returns the number of bytes used by the repeated field, excluding
+  // sizeof(*this)
+  size_t SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() const;
+
+  int SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const {
+    return internal::ToIntSize(SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong());
+  }
+
+  // Removes the element referenced by position.
+  //
+  // Returns an iterator to the element immediately following the removed
+  // element.
+  //
+  // Invalidates all iterators at or after the removed element, including end().
+  iterator erase(const_iterator position);
+
+  // Removes the elements in the range [first, last).
+  //
+  // Returns an iterator to the element immediately following the removed range.
+  //
+  // Invalidates all iterators at or after the removed range, including end().
+  iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
+
+  // Get the Arena on which this RepeatedField stores its elements.
+  Arena* GetArena() const { return GetArenaNoVirtual(); }
+
+  // For internal use only.
+  //
+  // This is public due to it being called by generated code.
+  inline void InternalSwap(RepeatedField* other);
+
+ private:
+  static const int kInitialSize = 0;
+  // A note on the representation here (see also comment below for
+  // RepeatedPtrFieldBase's struct Rep):
+  //
+  // We maintain the same sizeof(RepeatedField) as before we added arena support
+  // so that we do not degrade performance by bloating memory usage. Directly
+  // adding an arena_ element to RepeatedField is quite costly. By using
+  // indirection in this way, we keep the same size when the RepeatedField is
+  // empty (common case), and add only an 8-byte header to the elements array
+  // when non-empty. We make sure to place the size fields directly in the
+  // RepeatedField class to avoid costly cache misses due to the indirection.
+  int current_size_;
+  int total_size_;
+  struct Rep {
+    Arena* arena;
+    Element elements[1];
+  };
+  // We can not use sizeof(Rep) - sizeof(Element) due to the trailing padding on
+  // the struct. We can not use sizeof(Arena*) as well because there might be
+  // a "gap" after the field arena and before the field elements (e.g., when
+  // Element is double and pointer is 32bit).
+  static const size_t kRepHeaderSize;
+
+  // If total_size_ == 0 this points to an Arena otherwise it points to the
+  // elements member of a Rep struct. Using this invariant allows the storage of
+  // the arena pointer without an extra allocation in the constructor.
+  void* arena_or_elements_;
+
+  // Return pointer to elements array.
+  // pre-condition: the array must have been allocated.
+  Element* elements() const {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(total_size_, 0);
+    // Because of above pre-condition this cast is safe.
+    return unsafe_elements();
+  }
+
+  // Return pointer to elements array if it exists otherwise either null or
+  // a invalid pointer is returned. This only happens for empty repeated fields,
+  // where you can't dereference this pointer anyway (it's empty).
+  Element* unsafe_elements() const {
+    return static_cast<Element*>(arena_or_elements_);
+  }
+
+  // Return pointer to the Rep struct.
+  // pre-condition: the Rep must have been allocated, ie elements() is safe.
+  Rep* rep() const {
+    char* addr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(elements()) - offsetof(Rep, elements);
+    return reinterpret_cast<Rep*>(addr);
+  }
+
+  friend class Arena;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+
+  // Move the contents of |from| into |to|, possibly clobbering |from| in the
+  // process.  For primitive types this is just a memcpy(), but it could be
+  // specialized for non-primitive types to, say, swap each element instead.
+  void MoveArray(Element* to, Element* from, int size);
+
+  // Copy the elements of |from| into |to|.
+  void CopyArray(Element* to, const Element* from, int size);
+
+  // Internal helper expected by Arena methods.
+  inline Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return (total_size_ == 0) ? static_cast<Arena*>(arena_or_elements_)
+                              : rep()->arena;
+  }
+
+  // Internal helper to delete all elements and deallocate the storage.
+  // If Element has a trivial destructor (for example, if it's a fundamental
+  // type, like int32), the loop will be removed by the optimizer.
+  void InternalDeallocate(Rep* rep, int size) {
+    if (rep != NULL) {
+      Element* e = &rep->elements[0];
+      Element* limit = &rep->elements[size];
+      for (; e < limit; e++) {
+        e->~Element();
+      }
+      if (rep->arena == NULL) {
+#if defined(__GXX_DELETE_WITH_SIZE__) || defined(__cpp_sized_deallocation)
+        const size_t bytes = size * sizeof(*e) + kRepHeaderSize;
+        ::operator delete(static_cast<void*>(rep), bytes);
+#else
+        ::operator delete(static_cast<void*>(rep));
+#endif
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Element>
+const size_t RepeatedField<Element>::kRepHeaderSize =
+    reinterpret_cast<size_t>(&reinterpret_cast<Rep*>(16)->elements[0]) - 16;
+
+namespace internal {
+template <typename It>
+class RepeatedPtrIterator;
+template <typename It, typename VoidPtr>
+class RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator;
+}  // namespace internal
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// This is a helper template to copy an array of elements efficiently when they
+// have a trivial copy constructor, and correctly otherwise. This really
+// shouldn't be necessary, but our compiler doesn't optimize std::copy very
+// effectively.
+template <typename Element,
+          bool HasTrivialCopy =
+              std::is_pod<Element>::value>
+struct ElementCopier {
+  void operator()(Element* to, const Element* from, int array_size);
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// type-traits helper for RepeatedPtrFieldBase: we only want to invoke
+// arena-related "copy if on different arena" behavior if the necessary methods
+// exist on the contained type. In particular, we rely on MergeFrom() existing
+// as a general proxy for the fact that a copy will work, and we also provide a
+// specific override for std::string*.
+template <typename T>
+struct TypeImplementsMergeBehaviorProbeForMergeFrom {
+  typedef char HasMerge;
+  typedef long HasNoMerge;
+
+  // We accept either of:
+  // - void MergeFrom(const T& other)
+  // - bool MergeFrom(const T& other)
+  //
+  // We mangle these names a bit to avoid compatibility issues in 'unclean'
+  // include environments that may have, e.g., "#define test ..." (yes, this
+  // exists).
+  template <typename U, typename RetType, RetType (U::*)(const U& arg)>
+  struct CheckType;
+  template <typename U>
+  static HasMerge Check(CheckType<U, void, &U::MergeFrom>*);
+  template <typename U>
+  static HasMerge Check(CheckType<U, bool, &U::MergeFrom>*);
+  template <typename U>
+  static HasNoMerge Check(...);
+
+  // Resolves to either std::true_type or std::false_type.
+  typedef std::integral_constant<bool,
+                                 (sizeof(Check<T>(0)) == sizeof(HasMerge))>
+      type;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename = void>
+struct TypeImplementsMergeBehavior
+    : TypeImplementsMergeBehaviorProbeForMergeFrom<T> {};
+
+
+template <>
+struct TypeImplementsMergeBehavior<std::string> {
+  typedef std::true_type type;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct IsMovable
+    : std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_move_constructible<T>::value &&
+                                       std::is_move_assignable<T>::value> {};
+
+// This is the common base class for RepeatedPtrFields.  It deals only in void*
+// pointers.  Users should not use this interface directly.
+//
+// The methods of this interface correspond to the methods of RepeatedPtrField,
+// but may have a template argument called TypeHandler.  Its signature is:
+//   class TypeHandler {
+//    public:
+//     typedef MyType Type;
+//     static Type* New();
+//     static Type* NewFromPrototype(const Type* prototype,
+//                                       Arena* arena);
+//     static void Delete(Type*);
+//     static void Clear(Type*);
+//     static void Merge(const Type& from, Type* to);
+//
+//     // Only needs to be implemented if SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() is called.
+//     static int SpaceUsedLong(const Type&);
+//   };
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT RepeatedPtrFieldBase {
+ protected:
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase();
+  explicit RepeatedPtrFieldBase(Arena* arena);
+  ~RepeatedPtrFieldBase() {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    // Try to trigger segfault / asan failure in non-opt builds. If arena_
+    // lifetime has ended before the destructor.
+    if (arena_) (void)arena_->SpaceAllocated();
+#endif
+  }
+
+ public:
+  // Must be called from destructor.
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void Destroy();
+
+ protected:
+  bool empty() const;
+  int size() const;
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  const typename TypeHandler::Type& at(int index) const;
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type& at(int index);
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* Mutable(int index);
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void Delete(int index);
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* Add(typename TypeHandler::Type* prototype = NULL);
+
+ public:
+  // The next few methods are public so that they can be called from generated
+  // code when implicit weak fields are used, but they should never be called by
+  // application code.
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  const typename TypeHandler::Type& Get(int index) const;
+
+  // Creates and adds an element using the given prototype, without introducing
+  // a link-time dependency on the concrete message type. This method is used to
+  // implement implicit weak fields. The prototype may be NULL, in which case an
+  // ImplicitWeakMessage will be used as a placeholder.
+  MessageLite* AddWeak(const MessageLite* prototype);
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void Clear();
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void MergeFrom(const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& other);
+
+  inline void InternalSwap(RepeatedPtrFieldBase* other);
+
+ protected:
+  template <
+      typename TypeHandler,
+      typename std::enable_if<TypeHandler::Movable::value>::type* = nullptr>
+  void Add(typename TypeHandler::Type&& value);
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void RemoveLast();
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void CopyFrom(const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& other);
+
+  void CloseGap(int start, int num);
+
+  void Reserve(int new_size);
+
+  int Capacity() const;
+
+  // Used for constructing iterators.
+  void* const* raw_data() const;
+  void** raw_mutable_data() const;
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type** mutable_data();
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  const typename TypeHandler::Type* const* data() const;
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE void Swap(RepeatedPtrFieldBase* other);
+
+  void SwapElements(int index1, int index2);
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  size_t SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() const;
+
+  // Advanced memory management --------------------------------------
+
+  // Like Add(), but if there are no cleared objects to use, returns NULL.
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* AddFromCleared();
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void AddAllocated(typename TypeHandler::Type* value) {
+    typename TypeImplementsMergeBehavior<typename TypeHandler::Type>::type t;
+    AddAllocatedInternal<TypeHandler>(value, t);
+  }
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void UnsafeArenaAddAllocated(typename TypeHandler::Type* value);
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* ReleaseLast() {
+    typename TypeImplementsMergeBehavior<typename TypeHandler::Type>::type t;
+    return ReleaseLastInternal<TypeHandler>(t);
+  }
+
+  // Releases last element and returns it, but does not do out-of-arena copy.
+  // And just returns the raw pointer to the contained element in the arena.
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* UnsafeArenaReleaseLast();
+
+  int ClearedCount() const;
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void AddCleared(typename TypeHandler::Type* value);
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* ReleaseCleared();
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void AddAllocatedInternal(typename TypeHandler::Type* value, std::true_type);
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void AddAllocatedInternal(typename TypeHandler::Type* value, std::false_type);
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  PROTOBUF_NOINLINE void AddAllocatedSlowWithCopy(
+      typename TypeHandler::Type* value, Arena* value_arena, Arena* my_arena);
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  PROTOBUF_NOINLINE void AddAllocatedSlowWithoutCopy(
+      typename TypeHandler::Type* value);
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* ReleaseLastInternal(std::true_type);
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* ReleaseLastInternal(std::false_type);
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  PROTOBUF_NOINLINE void SwapFallback(RepeatedPtrFieldBase* other);
+
+  inline Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const { return arena_; }
+
+ private:
+  static const int kInitialSize = 0;
+  // A few notes on internal representation:
+  //
+  // We use an indirected approach, with struct Rep, to keep
+  // sizeof(RepeatedPtrFieldBase) equivalent to what it was before arena support
+  // was added, namely, 3 8-byte machine words on x86-64. An instance of Rep is
+  // allocated only when the repeated field is non-empty, and it is a
+  // dynamically-sized struct (the header is directly followed by elements[]).
+  // We place arena_ and current_size_ directly in the object to avoid cache
+  // misses due to the indirection, because these fields are checked frequently.
+  // Placing all fields directly in the RepeatedPtrFieldBase instance costs
+  // significant performance for memory-sensitive workloads.
+  Arena* arena_;
+  int current_size_;
+  int total_size_;
+  struct Rep {
+    int allocated_size;
+    void* elements[1];
+  };
+  static const size_t kRepHeaderSize = sizeof(Rep) - sizeof(void*);
+  Rep* rep_;
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  static inline typename TypeHandler::Type* cast(void* element) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<typename TypeHandler::Type*>(element);
+  }
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  static inline const typename TypeHandler::Type* cast(const void* element) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const typename TypeHandler::Type*>(element);
+  }
+
+  // Non-templated inner function to avoid code duplication. Takes a function
+  // pointer to the type-specific (templated) inner allocate/merge loop.
+  void MergeFromInternal(const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& other,
+                         void (RepeatedPtrFieldBase::*inner_loop)(void**,
+                                                                  void**, int,
+                                                                  int));
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void MergeFromInnerLoop(void** our_elems, void** other_elems, int length,
+                          int already_allocated);
+
+  // Internal helper: extend array space if necessary to contain |extend_amount|
+  // more elements, and return a pointer to the element immediately following
+  // the old list of elements.  This interface factors out common behavior from
+  // Reserve() and MergeFrom() to reduce code size. |extend_amount| must be > 0.
+  void** InternalExtend(int extend_amount);
+
+  // The reflection implementation needs to call protected methods directly,
+  // reinterpreting pointers as being to Message instead of a specific Message
+  // subclass.
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection;
+
+  // ExtensionSet stores repeated message extensions as
+  // RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite>, but non-lite ExtensionSets need to implement
+  // SpaceUsedLong(), and thus need to call SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong()
+  // reinterpreting MessageLite as Message.  ExtensionSet also needs to make use
+  // of AddFromCleared(), which is not part of the public interface.
+  friend class ExtensionSet;
+
+  // The MapFieldBase implementation needs to call protected methods directly,
+  // reinterpreting pointers as being to Message instead of a specific Message
+  // subclass.
+  friend class MapFieldBase;
+
+  // The table-driven MergePartialFromCodedStream implementation needs to
+  // operate on RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite>.
+  friend class MergePartialFromCodedStreamHelper;
+  friend class AccessorHelper;
+  template <typename T>
+  friend struct google::protobuf::WeakRepeatedPtrField;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedPtrFieldBase);
+};
+
+template <typename GenericType>
+class GenericTypeHandler {
+ public:
+  typedef GenericType Type;
+  using Movable = IsMovable<GenericType>;
+
+  static inline GenericType* New(Arena* arena) {
+    return Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<Type>(arena);
+  }
+  static inline GenericType* New(Arena* arena, GenericType&& value) {
+    return Arena::Create<GenericType>(arena, std::move(value));
+  }
+  static inline GenericType* NewFromPrototype(const GenericType* prototype,
+                                              Arena* arena = NULL);
+  static inline void Delete(GenericType* value, Arena* arena) {
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      delete value;
+    }
+  }
+  static inline Arena* GetArena(GenericType* value) {
+    return Arena::GetArena<Type>(value);
+  }
+  static inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer(GenericType* value) {
+    return Arena::GetArena<Type>(value);
+  }
+
+  static inline void Clear(GenericType* value) { value->Clear(); }
+  PROTOBUF_NOINLINE
+  static void Merge(const GenericType& from, GenericType* to);
+  static inline size_t SpaceUsedLong(const GenericType& value) {
+    return value.SpaceUsedLong();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename GenericType>
+GenericType* GenericTypeHandler<GenericType>::NewFromPrototype(
+    const GenericType* /* prototype */, Arena* arena) {
+  return New(arena);
+}
+template <typename GenericType>
+void GenericTypeHandler<GenericType>::Merge(const GenericType& from,
+                                            GenericType* to) {
+  to->MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+// NewFromPrototype() and Merge() are not defined inline here, as we will need
+// to do a virtual function dispatch anyways to go from Message* to call
+// New/Merge.
+template <>
+MessageLite* GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>::NewFromPrototype(
+    const MessageLite* prototype, Arena* arena);
+template <>
+inline Arena* GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>::GetArena(MessageLite* value) {
+  return value->GetArena();
+}
+template <>
+inline void* GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>::GetMaybeArenaPointer(
+    MessageLite* value) {
+  return value->GetMaybeArenaPointer();
+}
+template <>
+void GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>::Merge(const MessageLite& from,
+                                            MessageLite* to);
+template <>
+inline void GenericTypeHandler<std::string>::Clear(std::string* value) {
+  value->clear();
+}
+template <>
+void GenericTypeHandler<std::string>::Merge(const std::string& from,
+                                            std::string* to);
+
+// Message specialization bodies defined in message.cc. This split is necessary
+// to allow proto2-lite (which includes this header) to be independent of
+// Message.
+template <>
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT Message* GenericTypeHandler<Message>::NewFromPrototype(
+    const Message* prototype, Arena* arena);
+template <>
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena* GenericTypeHandler<Message>::GetArena(Message* value);
+template <>
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void* GenericTypeHandler<Message>::GetMaybeArenaPointer(
+    Message* value);
+
+class StringTypeHandler {
+ public:
+  typedef std::string Type;
+  using Movable = IsMovable<Type>;
+
+  static inline std::string* New(Arena* arena) {
+    return Arena::Create<std::string>(arena);
+  }
+  static inline std::string* New(Arena* arena, std::string&& value) {
+    return Arena::Create<std::string>(arena, std::move(value));
+  }
+  static inline std::string* NewFromPrototype(const std::string*,
+                                              Arena* arena) {
+    return New(arena);
+  }
+  static inline Arena* GetArena(std::string*) { return NULL; }
+  static inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer(std::string* /* value */) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  static inline void Delete(std::string* value, Arena* arena) {
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      delete value;
+    }
+  }
+  static inline void Clear(std::string* value) { value->clear(); }
+  static inline void Merge(const std::string& from, std::string* to) {
+    *to = from;
+  }
+  static size_t SpaceUsedLong(const std::string& value) {
+    return sizeof(value) + StringSpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong(value);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// RepeatedPtrField is like RepeatedField, but used for repeated strings or
+// Messages.
+template <typename Element>
+class RepeatedPtrField final : private internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase {
+ public:
+  RepeatedPtrField();
+  explicit RepeatedPtrField(Arena* arena);
+
+  RepeatedPtrField(const RepeatedPtrField& other);
+  template <typename Iter>
+  RepeatedPtrField(Iter begin, const Iter& end);
+  ~RepeatedPtrField();
+
+  RepeatedPtrField& operator=(const RepeatedPtrField& other);
+
+  RepeatedPtrField(RepeatedPtrField&& other) noexcept;
+  RepeatedPtrField& operator=(RepeatedPtrField&& other) noexcept;
+
+  bool empty() const;
+  int size() const;
+
+  const Element& Get(int index) const;
+  Element* Mutable(int index);
+  Element* Add();
+  void Add(Element&& value);
+
+  const Element& operator[](int index) const { return Get(index); }
+  Element& operator[](int index) { return *Mutable(index); }
+
+  const Element& at(int index) const;
+  Element& at(int index);
+
+  // Remove the last element in the array.
+  // Ownership of the element is retained by the array.
+  void RemoveLast();
+
+  // Delete elements with indices in the range [start .. start+num-1].
+  // Caution: implementation moves all elements with indices [start+num .. ].
+  // Calling this routine inside a loop can cause quadratic behavior.
+  void DeleteSubrange(int start, int num);
+
+  void Clear();
+  void MergeFrom(const RepeatedPtrField& other);
+  void CopyFrom(const RepeatedPtrField& other);
+
+  // Reserve space to expand the field to at least the given size.  This only
+  // resizes the pointer array; it doesn't allocate any objects.  If the
+  // array is grown, it will always be at least doubled in size.
+  void Reserve(int new_size);
+
+  int Capacity() const;
+
+  // Gets the underlying array.  This pointer is possibly invalidated by
+  // any add or remove operation.
+  Element** mutable_data();
+  const Element* const* data() const;
+
+  // Swap entire contents with "other". If they are on separate arenas, then
+  // copies data.
+  void Swap(RepeatedPtrField* other);
+
+  // Swap entire contents with "other". Caller should guarantee that either both
+  // fields are on the same arena or both are on the heap. Swapping between
+  // different arenas with this function is disallowed and is caught via
+  // GOOGLE_DCHECK.
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(RepeatedPtrField* other);
+
+  // Swap two elements.
+  void SwapElements(int index1, int index2);
+
+  // STL-like iterator support
+  typedef internal::RepeatedPtrIterator<Element> iterator;
+  typedef internal::RepeatedPtrIterator<const Element> const_iterator;
+  typedef Element value_type;
+  typedef value_type& reference;
+  typedef const value_type& const_reference;
+  typedef value_type* pointer;
+  typedef const value_type* const_pointer;
+  typedef int size_type;
+  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+
+  iterator begin();
+  const_iterator begin() const;
+  const_iterator cbegin() const;
+  iterator end();
+  const_iterator end() const;
+  const_iterator cend() const;
+
+  // Reverse iterator support
+  typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
+  typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
+  reverse_iterator rbegin() { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
+  const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const {
+    return const_reverse_iterator(end());
+  }
+  reverse_iterator rend() { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
+  const_reverse_iterator rend() const {
+    return const_reverse_iterator(begin());
+  }
+
+  // Custom STL-like iterator that iterates over and returns the underlying
+  // pointers to Element rather than Element itself.
+  typedef internal::RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator<Element*, void*>
+      pointer_iterator;
+  typedef internal::RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator<const Element* const,
+                                                const void* const>
+      const_pointer_iterator;
+  pointer_iterator pointer_begin();
+  const_pointer_iterator pointer_begin() const;
+  pointer_iterator pointer_end();
+  const_pointer_iterator pointer_end() const;
+
+  // Returns (an estimate of) the number of bytes used by the repeated field,
+  // excluding sizeof(*this).
+  size_t SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() const;
+
+  int SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const {
+    return internal::ToIntSize(SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong());
+  }
+
+  // Advanced memory management --------------------------------------
+  // When hardcore memory management becomes necessary -- as it sometimes
+  // does here at Google -- the following methods may be useful.
+
+  // Add an already-allocated object, passing ownership to the
+  // RepeatedPtrField.
+  //
+  // Note that some special behavior occurs with respect to arenas:
+  //
+  //   (i) if this field holds submessages, the new submessage will be copied if
+  //   the original is in an arena and this RepeatedPtrField is either in a
+  //   different arena, or on the heap.
+  //   (ii) if this field holds strings, the passed-in string *must* be
+  //   heap-allocated, not arena-allocated. There is no way to dynamically check
+  //   this at runtime, so User Beware.
+  void AddAllocated(Element* value);
+
+  // Remove the last element and return it, passing ownership to the caller.
+  // Requires:  size() > 0
+  //
+  // If this RepeatedPtrField is on an arena, an object copy is required to pass
+  // ownership back to the user (for compatible semantics). Use
+  // UnsafeArenaReleaseLast() if this behavior is undesired.
+  Element* ReleaseLast();
+
+  // Add an already-allocated object, skipping arena-ownership checks. The user
+  // must guarantee that the given object is in the same arena as this
+  // RepeatedPtrField.
+  // It is also useful in legacy code that uses temporary ownership to avoid
+  // copies. Example:
+  //   RepeatedPtrField<T> temp_field;
+  //   temp_field.AddAllocated(new T);
+  //   ... // Do something with temp_field
+  //   temp_field.ExtractSubrange(0, temp_field.size(), nullptr);
+  // If you put temp_field on the arena this fails, because the ownership
+  // transfers to the arena at the "AddAllocated" call and is not released
+  // anymore causing a double delete. UnsafeArenaAddAllocated prevents this.
+  void UnsafeArenaAddAllocated(Element* value);
+
+  // Remove the last element and return it.  Works only when operating on an
+  // arena. The returned pointer is to the original object in the arena, hence
+  // has the arena's lifetime.
+  // Requires:  current_size_ > 0
+  Element* UnsafeArenaReleaseLast();
+
+  // Extract elements with indices in the range "[start .. start+num-1]".
+  // The caller assumes ownership of the extracted elements and is responsible
+  // for deleting them when they are no longer needed.
+  // If "elements" is non-NULL, then pointers to the extracted elements
+  // are stored in "elements[0 .. num-1]" for the convenience of the caller.
+  // If "elements" is NULL, then the caller must use some other mechanism
+  // to perform any further operations (like deletion) on these elements.
+  // Caution: implementation also moves elements with indices [start+num ..].
+  // Calling this routine inside a loop can cause quadratic behavior.
+  //
+  // Memory copying behavior is identical to ReleaseLast(), described above: if
+  // this RepeatedPtrField is on an arena, an object copy is performed for each
+  // returned element, so that all returned element pointers are to
+  // heap-allocated copies. If this copy is not desired, the user should call
+  // UnsafeArenaExtractSubrange().
+  void ExtractSubrange(int start, int num, Element** elements);
+
+  // Identical to ExtractSubrange() described above, except that when this
+  // repeated field is on an arena, no object copies are performed. Instead, the
+  // raw object pointers are returned. Thus, if on an arena, the returned
+  // objects must not be freed, because they will not be heap-allocated objects.
+  void UnsafeArenaExtractSubrange(int start, int num, Element** elements);
+
+  // When elements are removed by calls to RemoveLast() or Clear(), they
+  // are not actually freed.  Instead, they are cleared and kept so that
+  // they can be reused later.  This can save lots of CPU time when
+  // repeatedly reusing a protocol message for similar purposes.
+  //
+  // Hardcore programs may choose to manipulate these cleared objects
+  // to better optimize memory management using the following routines.
+
+  // Get the number of cleared objects that are currently being kept
+  // around for reuse.
+  int ClearedCount() const;
+  // Add an element to the pool of cleared objects, passing ownership to
+  // the RepeatedPtrField.  The element must be cleared prior to calling
+  // this method.
+  //
+  // This method cannot be called when the repeated field is on an arena or when
+  // |value| is; both cases will trigger a GOOGLE_DCHECK-failure.
+  void AddCleared(Element* value);
+  // Remove a single element from the cleared pool and return it, passing
+  // ownership to the caller.  The element is guaranteed to be cleared.
+  // Requires:  ClearedCount() > 0
+  //
+  //
+  // This method cannot be called when the repeated field is on an arena; doing
+  // so will trigger a GOOGLE_DCHECK-failure.
+  Element* ReleaseCleared();
+
+  // Removes the element referenced by position.
+  //
+  // Returns an iterator to the element immediately following the removed
+  // element.
+  //
+  // Invalidates all iterators at or after the removed element, including end().
+  iterator erase(const_iterator position);
+
+  // Removes the elements in the range [first, last).
+  //
+  // Returns an iterator to the element immediately following the removed range.
+  //
+  // Invalidates all iterators at or after the removed range, including end().
+  iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
+
+  // Gets the arena on which this RepeatedPtrField stores its elements.
+  Arena* GetArena() const { return GetArenaNoVirtual(); }
+
+  // For internal use only.
+  //
+  // This is public due to it being called by generated code.
+  void InternalSwap(RepeatedPtrField* other) {
+    internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase::InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Note:  RepeatedPtrField SHOULD NOT be subclassed by users.
+  class TypeHandler;
+
+  // Internal arena accessor expected by helpers in Arena.
+  inline Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const;
+
+  // Implementations for ExtractSubrange(). The copying behavior must be
+  // included only if the type supports the necessary operations (e.g.,
+  // MergeFrom()), so we must resolve this at compile time. ExtractSubrange()
+  // uses SFINAE to choose one of the below implementations.
+  void ExtractSubrangeInternal(int start, int num, Element** elements,
+                               std::true_type);
+  void ExtractSubrangeInternal(int start, int num, Element** elements,
+                               std::false_type);
+
+  friend class Arena;
+
+  template <typename T>
+  friend struct WeakRepeatedPtrField;
+
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+
+};
+
+// implementation ====================================================
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedField<Element>::RepeatedField()
+    : current_size_(0), total_size_(0), arena_or_elements_(nullptr) {}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedField<Element>::RepeatedField(Arena* arena)
+    : current_size_(0), total_size_(0), arena_or_elements_(arena) {}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedField<Element>::RepeatedField(const RepeatedField& other)
+    : current_size_(0), total_size_(0), arena_or_elements_(nullptr) {
+  if (other.current_size_ != 0) {
+    Reserve(other.size());
+    AddNAlreadyReserved(other.size());
+    CopyArray(Mutable(0), &other.Get(0), other.size());
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+template <typename Iter>
+RepeatedField<Element>::RepeatedField(Iter begin, const Iter& end)
+    : current_size_(0), total_size_(0), arena_or_elements_(nullptr) {
+  Add(begin, end);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+RepeatedField<Element>::~RepeatedField() {
+  if (total_size_ > 0) {
+    InternalDeallocate(rep(), total_size_);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedField<Element>& RepeatedField<Element>::operator=(
+    const RepeatedField& other) {
+  if (this != &other) CopyFrom(other);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedField<Element>::RepeatedField(RepeatedField&& other) noexcept
+    : RepeatedField() {
+  // We don't just call Swap(&other) here because it would perform 3 copies if
+  // other is on an arena. This field can't be on an arena because arena
+  // construction always uses the Arena* accepting constructor.
+  if (other.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+    CopyFrom(other);
+  } else {
+    InternalSwap(&other);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedField<Element>& RepeatedField<Element>::operator=(
+    RepeatedField&& other) noexcept {
+  // We don't just call Swap(&other) here because it would perform 3 copies if
+  // the two fields are on different arenas.
+  if (this != &other) {
+    if (this->GetArenaNoVirtual() != other.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      CopyFrom(other);
+    } else {
+      InternalSwap(&other);
+    }
+  }
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline bool RepeatedField<Element>::empty() const {
+  return current_size_ == 0;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline int RepeatedField<Element>::size() const {
+  return current_size_;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline int RepeatedField<Element>::Capacity() const {
+  return total_size_;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::AddAlreadyReserved(const Element& value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(current_size_, total_size_);
+  elements()[current_size_++] = value;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedField<Element>::AddAlreadyReserved() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(current_size_, total_size_);
+  return &elements()[current_size_++];
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedField<Element>::AddNAlreadyReserved(int n) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(total_size_ - current_size_, n)
+      << total_size_ << ", " << current_size_;
+  // Warning: sometimes people call this when n == 0 and total_size_ == 0. In
+  // this case the return pointer points to a zero size array (n == 0). Hence
+  // we can just use unsafe_elements(), because the user cannot dereference the
+  // pointer anyway.
+  Element* ret = unsafe_elements() + current_size_;
+  current_size_ += n;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::Resize(int new_size, const Element& value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(new_size, 0);
+  if (new_size > current_size_) {
+    Reserve(new_size);
+    std::fill(&elements()[current_size_], &elements()[new_size], value);
+  }
+  current_size_ = new_size;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline const Element& RepeatedField<Element>::Get(int index) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(index, current_size_);
+  return elements()[index];
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline const Element& RepeatedField<Element>::at(int index) const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LT(index, current_size_);
+  return elements()[index];
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element& RepeatedField<Element>::at(int index) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LT(index, current_size_);
+  return elements()[index];
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedField<Element>::Mutable(int index) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(index, current_size_);
+  return &elements()[index];
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::Set(int index, const Element& value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(index, current_size_);
+  elements()[index] = value;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::Add(const Element& value) {
+  if (current_size_ == total_size_) Reserve(total_size_ + 1);
+  elements()[current_size_++] = value;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedField<Element>::Add() {
+  if (current_size_ == total_size_) Reserve(total_size_ + 1);
+  return &elements()[current_size_++];
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+template <typename Iter>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::Add(Iter begin, Iter end) {
+  int reserve = internal::CalculateReserve(begin, end);
+  if (reserve != -1) {
+    if (reserve == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    Reserve(reserve + size());
+    // TODO(ckennelly):  The compiler loses track of the buffer freshly
+    // allocated by Reserve() by the time we call elements, so it cannot
+    // guarantee that elements does not alias [begin(), end()).
+    //
+    // If restrict is available, annotating the pointer obtained from elements()
+    // causes this to lower to memcpy instead of memmove.
+    std::copy(begin, end, elements() + size());
+    current_size_ = reserve + size();
+  } else {
+    for (; begin != end; ++begin) {
+      Add(*begin);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::RemoveLast() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(current_size_, 0);
+  current_size_--;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+void RepeatedField<Element>::ExtractSubrange(int start, int num,
+                                             Element* elements) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(start, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(num, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(start + num, this->current_size_);
+
+  // Save the values of the removed elements if requested.
+  if (elements != NULL) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) elements[i] = this->Get(i + start);
+  }
+
+  // Slide remaining elements down to fill the gap.
+  if (num > 0) {
+    for (int i = start + num; i < this->current_size_; ++i)
+      this->Set(i - num, this->Get(i));
+    this->Truncate(this->current_size_ - num);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::Clear() {
+  current_size_ = 0;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::MergeFrom(const RepeatedField& other) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&other, this);
+  if (other.current_size_ != 0) {
+    int existing_size = size();
+    Reserve(existing_size + other.size());
+    AddNAlreadyReserved(other.size());
+    CopyArray(Mutable(existing_size), &other.Get(0), other.size());
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::CopyFrom(const RepeatedField& other) {
+  if (&other == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(other);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedField<Element>::iterator RepeatedField<Element>::erase(
+    const_iterator position) {
+  return erase(position, position + 1);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedField<Element>::iterator RepeatedField<Element>::erase(
+    const_iterator first, const_iterator last) {
+  size_type first_offset = first - cbegin();
+  if (first != last) {
+    Truncate(std::copy(last, cend(), begin() + first_offset) - cbegin());
+  }
+  return begin() + first_offset;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedField<Element>::mutable_data() {
+  return unsafe_elements();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline const Element* RepeatedField<Element>::data() const {
+  return unsafe_elements();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::InternalSwap(RepeatedField* other) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(this != other);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+
+  std::swap(arena_or_elements_, other->arena_or_elements_);
+  std::swap(current_size_, other->current_size_);
+  std::swap(total_size_, other->total_size_);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+void RepeatedField<Element>::Swap(RepeatedField* other) {
+  if (this == other) return;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  } else {
+    RepeatedField<Element> temp(other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    temp.MergeFrom(*this);
+    CopyFrom(*other);
+    other->UnsafeArenaSwap(&temp);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+void RepeatedField<Element>::UnsafeArenaSwap(RepeatedField* other) {
+  if (this == other) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+void RepeatedField<Element>::SwapElements(int index1, int index2) {
+  using std::swap;  // enable ADL with fallback
+  swap(elements()[index1], elements()[index2]);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedField<Element>::iterator
+RepeatedField<Element>::begin() {
+  return unsafe_elements();
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedField<Element>::const_iterator
+RepeatedField<Element>::begin() const {
+  return unsafe_elements();
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedField<Element>::const_iterator
+RepeatedField<Element>::cbegin() const {
+  return unsafe_elements();
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedField<Element>::iterator RepeatedField<Element>::end() {
+  return unsafe_elements() + current_size_;
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedField<Element>::const_iterator
+RepeatedField<Element>::end() const {
+  return unsafe_elements() + current_size_;
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedField<Element>::const_iterator
+RepeatedField<Element>::cend() const {
+  return unsafe_elements() + current_size_;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline size_t RepeatedField<Element>::SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() const {
+  return total_size_ > 0 ? (total_size_ * sizeof(Element) + kRepHeaderSize) : 0;
+}
+
+// Avoid inlining of Reserve(): new, copy, and delete[] lead to a significant
+// amount of code bloat.
+template <typename Element>
+void RepeatedField<Element>::Reserve(int new_size) {
+  if (total_size_ >= new_size) return;
+  Rep* old_rep = total_size_ > 0 ? rep() : NULL;
+  Rep* new_rep;
+  Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  new_size = std::max(internal::kMinRepeatedFieldAllocationSize,
+                      std::max(total_size_ * 2, new_size));
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(
+      static_cast<size_t>(new_size),
+      (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() - kRepHeaderSize) / sizeof(Element))
+      << "Requested size is too large to fit into size_t.";
+  size_t bytes =
+      kRepHeaderSize + sizeof(Element) * static_cast<size_t>(new_size);
+  if (arena == NULL) {
+    new_rep = static_cast<Rep*>(::operator new(bytes));
+  } else {
+    new_rep = reinterpret_cast<Rep*>(Arena::CreateArray<char>(arena, bytes));
+  }
+  new_rep->arena = arena;
+  int old_total_size = total_size_;
+  total_size_ = new_size;
+  arena_or_elements_ = new_rep->elements;
+  // Invoke placement-new on newly allocated elements. We shouldn't have to do
+  // this, since Element is supposed to be POD, but a previous version of this
+  // code allocated storage with "new Element[size]" and some code uses
+  // RepeatedField with non-POD types, relying on constructor invocation. If
+  // Element has a trivial constructor (e.g., int32), gcc (tested with -O2)
+  // completely removes this loop because the loop body is empty, so this has no
+  // effect unless its side-effects are required for correctness.
+  // Note that we do this before MoveArray() below because Element's copy
+  // assignment implementation will want an initialized instance first.
+  Element* e = &elements()[0];
+  Element* limit = e + total_size_;
+  for (; e < limit; e++) {
+    new (e) Element;
+  }
+  if (current_size_ > 0) {
+    MoveArray(&elements()[0], old_rep->elements, current_size_);
+  }
+
+  // Likewise, we need to invoke destructors on the old array.
+  InternalDeallocate(old_rep, old_total_size);
+
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::Truncate(int new_size) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(new_size, current_size_);
+  if (current_size_ > 0) {
+    current_size_ = new_size;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::MoveArray(Element* to, Element* from,
+                                              int array_size) {
+  CopyArray(to, from, array_size);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::CopyArray(Element* to, const Element* from,
+                                              int array_size) {
+  internal::ElementCopier<Element>()(to, from, array_size);
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename Element, bool HasTrivialCopy>
+void ElementCopier<Element, HasTrivialCopy>::operator()(Element* to,
+                                                        const Element* from,
+                                                        int array_size) {
+  std::copy(from, from + array_size, to);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+struct ElementCopier<Element, true> {
+  void operator()(Element* to, const Element* from, int array_size) {
+    memcpy(to, from, static_cast<size_t>(array_size) * sizeof(Element));
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace internal {
+
+inline RepeatedPtrFieldBase::RepeatedPtrFieldBase()
+    : arena_(NULL), current_size_(0), total_size_(0), rep_(NULL) {}
+
+inline RepeatedPtrFieldBase::RepeatedPtrFieldBase(Arena* arena)
+    : arena_(arena), current_size_(0), total_size_(0), rep_(NULL) {}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Destroy() {
+  if (rep_ != NULL && arena_ == NULL) {
+    int n = rep_->allocated_size;
+    void* const* elements = rep_->elements;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      TypeHandler::Delete(cast<TypeHandler>(elements[i]), NULL);
+    }
+#if defined(__GXX_DELETE_WITH_SIZE__) || defined(__cpp_sized_deallocation)
+    const size_t size = total_size_ * sizeof(elements[0]) + kRepHeaderSize;
+    ::operator delete(static_cast<void*>(rep_), size);
+#else
+    ::operator delete(static_cast<void*>(rep_));
+#endif
+  }
+  rep_ = NULL;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Swap(RepeatedPtrFieldBase* other) {
+  if (other->GetArenaNoVirtual() == GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  } else {
+    SwapFallback<TypeHandler>(other);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::SwapFallback(RepeatedPtrFieldBase* other) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(other->GetArenaNoVirtual() != GetArenaNoVirtual());
+
+  // Copy semantics in this case. We try to improve efficiency by placing the
+  // temporary on |other|'s arena so that messages are copied cross-arena only
+  // once, not twice.
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase temp(other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  temp.MergeFrom<TypeHandler>(*this);
+  this->Clear<TypeHandler>();
+  this->MergeFrom<TypeHandler>(*other);
+  other->Clear<TypeHandler>();
+  other->InternalSwap(&temp);
+  temp.Destroy<TypeHandler>();  // Frees rep_ if `other` had no arena.
+}
+
+inline bool RepeatedPtrFieldBase::empty() const { return current_size_ == 0; }
+
+inline int RepeatedPtrFieldBase::size() const { return current_size_; }
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline const typename TypeHandler::Type& RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Get(
+    int index) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(index, current_size_);
+  return *cast<TypeHandler>(rep_->elements[index]);
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline const typename TypeHandler::Type& RepeatedPtrFieldBase::at(
+    int index) const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LT(index, current_size_);
+  return *cast<TypeHandler>(rep_->elements[index]);
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type& RepeatedPtrFieldBase::at(int index) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LT(index, current_size_);
+  return *cast<TypeHandler>(rep_->elements[index]);
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type* RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Mutable(int index) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(index, current_size_);
+  return cast<TypeHandler>(rep_->elements[index]);
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Delete(int index) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(index, current_size_);
+  TypeHandler::Delete(cast<TypeHandler>(rep_->elements[index]), arena_);
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type* RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Add(
+    typename TypeHandler::Type* prototype) {
+  if (rep_ != NULL && current_size_ < rep_->allocated_size) {
+    return cast<TypeHandler>(rep_->elements[current_size_++]);
+  }
+  if (!rep_ || rep_->allocated_size == total_size_) {
+    Reserve(total_size_ + 1);
+  }
+  ++rep_->allocated_size;
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* result =
+      TypeHandler::NewFromPrototype(prototype, arena_);
+  rep_->elements[current_size_++] = result;
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler,
+          typename std::enable_if<TypeHandler::Movable::value>::type*>
+inline void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Add(typename TypeHandler::Type&& value) {
+  if (rep_ != NULL && current_size_ < rep_->allocated_size) {
+    *cast<TypeHandler>(rep_->elements[current_size_++]) = std::move(value);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!rep_ || rep_->allocated_size == total_size_) {
+    Reserve(total_size_ + 1);
+  }
+  ++rep_->allocated_size;
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* result =
+      TypeHandler::New(arena_, std::move(value));
+  rep_->elements[current_size_++] = result;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::RemoveLast() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(current_size_, 0);
+  TypeHandler::Clear(cast<TypeHandler>(rep_->elements[--current_size_]));
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Clear() {
+  const int n = current_size_;
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(n, 0);
+  if (n > 0) {
+    void* const* elements = rep_->elements;
+    int i = 0;
+    do {
+      TypeHandler::Clear(cast<TypeHandler>(elements[i++]));
+    } while (i < n);
+    current_size_ = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+// To avoid unnecessary code duplication and reduce binary size, we use a
+// layered approach to implementing MergeFrom(). The toplevel method is
+// templated, so we get a small thunk per concrete message type in the binary.
+// This calls a shared implementation with most of the logic, passing a function
+// pointer to another type-specific piece of code that calls the object-allocate
+// and merge handlers.
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::MergeFrom(const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& other) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&other, this);
+  if (other.current_size_ == 0) return;
+  MergeFromInternal(other,
+                    &RepeatedPtrFieldBase::MergeFromInnerLoop<TypeHandler>);
+}
+
+inline void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::MergeFromInternal(
+    const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& other,
+    void (RepeatedPtrFieldBase::*inner_loop)(void**, void**, int, int)) {
+  // Note: wrapper has already guaranteed that other.rep_ != NULL here.
+  int other_size = other.current_size_;
+  void** other_elements = other.rep_->elements;
+  void** new_elements = InternalExtend(other_size);
+  int allocated_elems = rep_->allocated_size - current_size_;
+  (this->*inner_loop)(new_elements, other_elements, other_size,
+                      allocated_elems);
+  current_size_ += other_size;
+  if (rep_->allocated_size < current_size_) {
+    rep_->allocated_size = current_size_;
+  }
+}
+
+// Merges other_elems to our_elems.
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::MergeFromInnerLoop(void** our_elems,
+                                              void** other_elems, int length,
+                                              int already_allocated) {
+  // Split into two loops, over ranges [0, allocated) and [allocated, length),
+  // to avoid a branch within the loop.
+  for (int i = 0; i < already_allocated && i < length; i++) {
+    // Already allocated: use existing element.
+    typename TypeHandler::Type* other_elem =
+        reinterpret_cast<typename TypeHandler::Type*>(other_elems[i]);
+    typename TypeHandler::Type* new_elem =
+        reinterpret_cast<typename TypeHandler::Type*>(our_elems[i]);
+    TypeHandler::Merge(*other_elem, new_elem);
+  }
+  Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  for (int i = already_allocated; i < length; i++) {
+    // Not allocated: alloc a new element first, then merge it.
+    typename TypeHandler::Type* other_elem =
+        reinterpret_cast<typename TypeHandler::Type*>(other_elems[i]);
+    typename TypeHandler::Type* new_elem =
+        TypeHandler::NewFromPrototype(other_elem, arena);
+    TypeHandler::Merge(*other_elem, new_elem);
+    our_elems[i] = new_elem;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::CopyFrom(const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& other) {
+  if (&other == this) return;
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Clear<TypeHandler>();
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::MergeFrom<TypeHandler>(other);
+}
+
+inline int RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Capacity() const { return total_size_; }
+
+inline void* const* RepeatedPtrFieldBase::raw_data() const {
+  return rep_ ? rep_->elements : NULL;
+}
+
+inline void** RepeatedPtrFieldBase::raw_mutable_data() const {
+  return rep_ ? const_cast<void**>(rep_->elements) : NULL;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type** RepeatedPtrFieldBase::mutable_data() {
+  // TODO(kenton):  Breaks C++ aliasing rules.  We should probably remove this
+  //   method entirely.
+  return reinterpret_cast<typename TypeHandler::Type**>(raw_mutable_data());
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline const typename TypeHandler::Type* const* RepeatedPtrFieldBase::data()
+    const {
+  // TODO(kenton):  Breaks C++ aliasing rules.  We should probably remove this
+  //   method entirely.
+  return reinterpret_cast<const typename TypeHandler::Type* const*>(raw_data());
+}
+
+inline void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::SwapElements(int index1, int index2) {
+  using std::swap;  // enable ADL with fallback
+  swap(rep_->elements[index1], rep_->elements[index2]);
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline size_t RepeatedPtrFieldBase::SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() const {
+  size_t allocated_bytes = static_cast<size_t>(total_size_) * sizeof(void*);
+  if (rep_ != NULL) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < rep_->allocated_size; ++i) {
+      allocated_bytes +=
+          TypeHandler::SpaceUsedLong(*cast<TypeHandler>(rep_->elements[i]));
+    }
+    allocated_bytes += kRepHeaderSize;
+  }
+  return allocated_bytes;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type* RepeatedPtrFieldBase::AddFromCleared() {
+  if (rep_ != NULL && current_size_ < rep_->allocated_size) {
+    return cast<TypeHandler>(rep_->elements[current_size_++]);
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+// AddAllocated version that implements arena-safe copying behavior.
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::AddAllocatedInternal(
+    typename TypeHandler::Type* value, std::true_type) {
+  Arena* element_arena =
+      reinterpret_cast<Arena*>(TypeHandler::GetMaybeArenaPointer(value));
+  Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena == element_arena && rep_ && rep_->allocated_size < total_size_) {
+    // Fast path: underlying arena representation (tagged pointer) is equal to
+    // our arena pointer, and we can add to array without resizing it (at least
+    // one slot that is not allocated).
+    void** elems = rep_->elements;
+    if (current_size_ < rep_->allocated_size) {
+      // Make space at [current] by moving first allocated element to end of
+      // allocated list.
+      elems[rep_->allocated_size] = elems[current_size_];
+    }
+    elems[current_size_] = value;
+    current_size_ = current_size_ + 1;
+    rep_->allocated_size = rep_->allocated_size + 1;
+  } else {
+    AddAllocatedSlowWithCopy<TypeHandler>(value, TypeHandler::GetArena(value),
+                                          arena);
+  }
+}
+
+// Slowpath handles all cases, copying if necessary.
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::AddAllocatedSlowWithCopy(
+    // Pass value_arena and my_arena to avoid duplicate virtual call (value) or
+    // load (mine).
+    typename TypeHandler::Type* value, Arena* value_arena, Arena* my_arena) {
+  // Ensure that either the value is in the same arena, or if not, we do the
+  // appropriate thing: Own() it (if it's on heap and we're in an arena) or copy
+  // it to our arena/heap (otherwise).
+  if (my_arena != NULL && value_arena == NULL) {
+    my_arena->Own(value);
+  } else if (my_arena != value_arena) {
+    typename TypeHandler::Type* new_value =
+        TypeHandler::NewFromPrototype(value, my_arena);
+    TypeHandler::Merge(*value, new_value);
+    TypeHandler::Delete(value, value_arena);
+    value = new_value;
+  }
+
+  UnsafeArenaAddAllocated<TypeHandler>(value);
+}
+
+// AddAllocated version that does not implement arena-safe copying behavior.
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::AddAllocatedInternal(
+    typename TypeHandler::Type* value, std::false_type) {
+  if (rep_ && rep_->allocated_size < total_size_) {
+    // Fast path: underlying arena representation (tagged pointer) is equal to
+    // our arena pointer, and we can add to array without resizing it (at least
+    // one slot that is not allocated).
+    void** elems = rep_->elements;
+    if (current_size_ < rep_->allocated_size) {
+      // Make space at [current] by moving first allocated element to end of
+      // allocated list.
+      elems[rep_->allocated_size] = elems[current_size_];
+    }
+    elems[current_size_] = value;
+    current_size_ = current_size_ + 1;
+    ++rep_->allocated_size;
+  } else {
+    UnsafeArenaAddAllocated<TypeHandler>(value);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::UnsafeArenaAddAllocated(
+    typename TypeHandler::Type* value) {
+  // Make room for the new pointer.
+  if (!rep_ || current_size_ == total_size_) {
+    // The array is completely full with no cleared objects, so grow it.
+    Reserve(total_size_ + 1);
+    ++rep_->allocated_size;
+  } else if (rep_->allocated_size == total_size_) {
+    // There is no more space in the pointer array because it contains some
+    // cleared objects awaiting reuse.  We don't want to grow the array in this
+    // case because otherwise a loop calling AddAllocated() followed by Clear()
+    // would leak memory.
+    TypeHandler::Delete(cast<TypeHandler>(rep_->elements[current_size_]),
+                        arena_);
+  } else if (current_size_ < rep_->allocated_size) {
+    // We have some cleared objects.  We don't care about their order, so we
+    // can just move the first one to the end to make space.
+    rep_->elements[rep_->allocated_size] = rep_->elements[current_size_];
+    ++rep_->allocated_size;
+  } else {
+    // There are no cleared objects.
+    ++rep_->allocated_size;
+  }
+
+  rep_->elements[current_size_++] = value;
+}
+
+// ReleaseLast() for types that implement merge/copy behavior.
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type* RepeatedPtrFieldBase::ReleaseLastInternal(
+    std::true_type) {
+  // First, release an element.
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* result = UnsafeArenaReleaseLast<TypeHandler>();
+  // Now perform a copy if we're on an arena.
+  Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena == NULL) {
+    return result;
+  } else {
+    typename TypeHandler::Type* new_result =
+        TypeHandler::NewFromPrototype(result, NULL);
+    TypeHandler::Merge(*result, new_result);
+    return new_result;
+  }
+}
+
+// ReleaseLast() for types that *do not* implement merge/copy behavior -- this
+// is the same as UnsafeArenaReleaseLast(). Note that we GOOGLE_DCHECK-fail if we're on
+// an arena, since the user really should implement the copy operation in this
+// case.
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type* RepeatedPtrFieldBase::ReleaseLastInternal(
+    std::false_type) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL)
+      << "ReleaseLast() called on a RepeatedPtrField that is on an arena, "
+      << "with a type that does not implement MergeFrom. This is unsafe; "
+      << "please implement MergeFrom for your type.";
+  return UnsafeArenaReleaseLast<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type*
+RepeatedPtrFieldBase::UnsafeArenaReleaseLast() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(current_size_, 0);
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* result =
+      cast<TypeHandler>(rep_->elements[--current_size_]);
+  --rep_->allocated_size;
+  if (current_size_ < rep_->allocated_size) {
+    // There are cleared elements on the end; replace the removed element
+    // with the last allocated element.
+    rep_->elements[current_size_] = rep_->elements[rep_->allocated_size];
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline int RepeatedPtrFieldBase::ClearedCount() const {
+  return rep_ ? (rep_->allocated_size - current_size_) : 0;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::AddCleared(
+    typename TypeHandler::Type* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL)
+      << "AddCleared() can only be used on a RepeatedPtrField not on an arena.";
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(TypeHandler::GetArena(value) == NULL)
+      << "AddCleared() can only accept values not on an arena.";
+  if (!rep_ || rep_->allocated_size == total_size_) {
+    Reserve(total_size_ + 1);
+  }
+  rep_->elements[rep_->allocated_size++] = value;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type* RepeatedPtrFieldBase::ReleaseCleared() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL)
+      << "ReleaseCleared() can only be used on a RepeatedPtrField not on "
+      << "an arena.";
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(rep_ != NULL);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(rep_->allocated_size, current_size_);
+  return cast<TypeHandler>(rep_->elements[--rep_->allocated_size]);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+template <typename Element>
+class RepeatedPtrField<Element>::TypeHandler
+    : public internal::GenericTypeHandler<Element> {};
+
+template <>
+class RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::TypeHandler
+    : public internal::StringTypeHandler {};
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedPtrField<Element>::RepeatedPtrField() : RepeatedPtrFieldBase() {}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedPtrField<Element>::RepeatedPtrField(Arena* arena)
+    : RepeatedPtrFieldBase(arena) {}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedPtrField<Element>::RepeatedPtrField(
+    const RepeatedPtrField& other)
+    : RepeatedPtrFieldBase() {
+  MergeFrom(other);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+template <typename Iter>
+inline RepeatedPtrField<Element>::RepeatedPtrField(Iter begin,
+                                                   const Iter& end) {
+  int reserve = internal::CalculateReserve(begin, end);
+  if (reserve != -1) {
+    Reserve(reserve);
+  }
+  for (; begin != end; ++begin) {
+    *Add() = *begin;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::~RepeatedPtrField() {
+  Destroy<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedPtrField<Element>& RepeatedPtrField<Element>::operator=(
+    const RepeatedPtrField& other) {
+  if (this != &other) CopyFrom(other);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedPtrField<Element>::RepeatedPtrField(
+    RepeatedPtrField&& other) noexcept
+    : RepeatedPtrField() {
+  // We don't just call Swap(&other) here because it would perform 3 copies if
+  // other is on an arena. This field can't be on an arena because arena
+  // construction always uses the Arena* accepting constructor.
+  if (other.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+    CopyFrom(other);
+  } else {
+    InternalSwap(&other);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedPtrField<Element>& RepeatedPtrField<Element>::operator=(
+    RepeatedPtrField&& other) noexcept {
+  // We don't just call Swap(&other) here because it would perform 3 copies if
+  // the two fields are on different arenas.
+  if (this != &other) {
+    if (this->GetArenaNoVirtual() != other.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      CopyFrom(other);
+    } else {
+      InternalSwap(&other);
+    }
+  }
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline bool RepeatedPtrField<Element>::empty() const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::empty();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline int RepeatedPtrField<Element>::size() const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::size();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline const Element& RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Get(int index) const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Get<TypeHandler>(index);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline const Element& RepeatedPtrField<Element>::at(int index) const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::at<TypeHandler>(index);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element& RepeatedPtrField<Element>::at(int index) {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::at<TypeHandler>(index);
+}
+
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Mutable(int index) {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Mutable<TypeHandler>(index);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Add() {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Add<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Add(Element&& value) {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Add<TypeHandler>(std::move(value));
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::RemoveLast() {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::RemoveLast<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::DeleteSubrange(int start, int num) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(start, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(num, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(start + num, size());
+  for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
+    RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Delete<TypeHandler>(start + i);
+  }
+  ExtractSubrange(start, num, NULL);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::ExtractSubrange(int start, int num,
+                                                       Element** elements) {
+  typename internal::TypeImplementsMergeBehavior<
+      typename TypeHandler::Type>::type t;
+  ExtractSubrangeInternal(start, num, elements, t);
+}
+
+// ExtractSubrange() implementation for types that implement merge/copy
+// behavior.
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::ExtractSubrangeInternal(
+    int start, int num, Element** elements, std::true_type) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(start, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(num, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(start + num, size());
+
+  if (num > 0) {
+    // Save the values of the removed elements if requested.
+    if (elements != NULL) {
+      if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+        // If we're on an arena, we perform a copy for each element so that the
+        // returned elements are heap-allocated.
+        for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
+          Element* element =
+              RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Mutable<TypeHandler>(i + start);
+          typename TypeHandler::Type* new_value =
+              TypeHandler::NewFromPrototype(element, NULL);
+          TypeHandler::Merge(*element, new_value);
+          elements[i] = new_value;
+        }
+      } else {
+        for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
+          elements[i] = RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Mutable<TypeHandler>(i + start);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    CloseGap(start, num);
+  }
+}
+
+// ExtractSubrange() implementation for types that do not implement merge/copy
+// behavior.
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::ExtractSubrangeInternal(
+    int start, int num, Element** elements, std::false_type) {
+  // This case is identical to UnsafeArenaExtractSubrange(). However, since
+  // ExtractSubrange() must return heap-allocated objects by contract, and we
+  // cannot fulfill this contract if we are an on arena, we must GOOGLE_DCHECK() that
+  // we are not on an arena.
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL)
+      << "ExtractSubrange() when arena is non-NULL is only supported when "
+      << "the Element type supplies a MergeFrom() operation to make copies.";
+  UnsafeArenaExtractSubrange(start, num, elements);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::UnsafeArenaExtractSubrange(
+    int start, int num, Element** elements) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(start, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(num, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(start + num, size());
+
+  if (num > 0) {
+    // Save the values of the removed elements if requested.
+    if (elements != NULL) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
+        elements[i] = RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Mutable<TypeHandler>(i + start);
+      }
+    }
+    CloseGap(start, num);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Clear() {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Clear<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::MergeFrom(
+    const RepeatedPtrField& other) {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::MergeFrom<TypeHandler>(other);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::CopyFrom(const RepeatedPtrField& other) {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::CopyFrom<TypeHandler>(other);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::erase(const_iterator position) {
+  return erase(position, position + 1);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last) {
+  size_type pos_offset = std::distance(cbegin(), first);
+  size_type last_offset = std::distance(cbegin(), last);
+  DeleteSubrange(pos_offset, last_offset - pos_offset);
+  return begin() + pos_offset;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element** RepeatedPtrField<Element>::mutable_data() {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::mutable_data<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline const Element* const* RepeatedPtrField<Element>::data() const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::data<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Swap(RepeatedPtrField* other) {
+  if (this == other) return;
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Swap<TypeHandler>(other);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::UnsafeArenaSwap(
+    RepeatedPtrField* other) {
+  if (this == other) return;
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::InternalSwap(other);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::SwapElements(int index1, int index2) {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::SwapElements(index1, index2);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Arena* RepeatedPtrField<Element>::GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::GetArenaNoVirtual();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline size_t RepeatedPtrField<Element>::SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::AddAllocated(Element* value) {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::AddAllocated<TypeHandler>(value);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::UnsafeArenaAddAllocated(Element* value) {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::UnsafeArenaAddAllocated<TypeHandler>(value);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedPtrField<Element>::ReleaseLast() {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::ReleaseLast<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedPtrField<Element>::UnsafeArenaReleaseLast() {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::UnsafeArenaReleaseLast<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline int RepeatedPtrField<Element>::ClearedCount() const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::ClearedCount();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::AddCleared(Element* value) {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::AddCleared<TypeHandler>(value);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedPtrField<Element>::ReleaseCleared() {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::ReleaseCleared<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Reserve(int new_size) {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Reserve(new_size);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline int RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Capacity() const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Capacity();
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// STL-like iterator implementation for RepeatedPtrField.  You should not
+// refer to this class directly; use RepeatedPtrField<T>::iterator instead.
+//
+// The iterator for RepeatedPtrField<T>, RepeatedPtrIterator<T>, is
+// very similar to iterator_ptr<T**> in util/gtl/iterator_adaptors.h,
+// but adds random-access operators and is modified to wrap a void** base
+// iterator (since RepeatedPtrField stores its array as a void* array and
+// casting void** to T** would violate C++ aliasing rules).
+//
+// This code based on net/proto/proto-array-internal.h by Jeffrey Yasskin
+// (jyasskin@google.com).
+template <typename Element>
+class RepeatedPtrIterator {
+ public:
+  using iterator = RepeatedPtrIterator<Element>;
+  using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
+  using value_type = typename std::remove_const<Element>::type;
+  using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+  using pointer = Element*;
+  using reference = Element&;
+
+  RepeatedPtrIterator() : it_(NULL) {}
+  explicit RepeatedPtrIterator(void* const* it) : it_(it) {}
+
+  // Allow "upcasting" from RepeatedPtrIterator<T**> to
+  // RepeatedPtrIterator<const T*const*>.
+  template <typename OtherElement>
+  RepeatedPtrIterator(const RepeatedPtrIterator<OtherElement>& other)
+      : it_(other.it_) {
+    // Force a compiler error if the other type is not convertible to ours.
+    if (false) {
+      implicit_cast<Element*>(static_cast<OtherElement*>(nullptr));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // dereferenceable
+  reference operator*() const { return *reinterpret_cast<Element*>(*it_); }
+  pointer operator->() const { return &(operator*()); }
+
+  // {inc,dec}rementable
+  iterator& operator++() {
+    ++it_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  iterator operator++(int) { return iterator(it_++); }
+  iterator& operator--() {
+    --it_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  iterator operator--(int) { return iterator(it_--); }
+
+  // equality_comparable
+  bool operator==(const iterator& x) const { return it_ == x.it_; }
+  bool operator!=(const iterator& x) const { return it_ != x.it_; }
+
+  // less_than_comparable
+  bool operator<(const iterator& x) const { return it_ < x.it_; }
+  bool operator<=(const iterator& x) const { return it_ <= x.it_; }
+  bool operator>(const iterator& x) const { return it_ > x.it_; }
+  bool operator>=(const iterator& x) const { return it_ >= x.it_; }
+
+  // addable, subtractable
+  iterator& operator+=(difference_type d) {
+    it_ += d;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  friend iterator operator+(iterator it, const difference_type d) {
+    it += d;
+    return it;
+  }
+  friend iterator operator+(const difference_type d, iterator it) {
+    it += d;
+    return it;
+  }
+  iterator& operator-=(difference_type d) {
+    it_ -= d;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  friend iterator operator-(iterator it, difference_type d) {
+    it -= d;
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  // indexable
+  reference operator[](difference_type d) const { return *(*this + d); }
+
+  // random access iterator
+  difference_type operator-(const iterator& x) const { return it_ - x.it_; }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename OtherElement>
+  friend class RepeatedPtrIterator;
+
+  // The internal iterator.
+  void* const* it_;
+};
+
+// Provide an iterator that operates on pointers to the underlying objects
+// rather than the objects themselves as RepeatedPtrIterator does.
+// Consider using this when working with stl algorithms that change
+// the array.
+// The VoidPtr template parameter holds the type-agnostic pointer value
+// referenced by the iterator.  It should either be "void *" for a mutable
+// iterator, or "const void* const" for a constant iterator.
+template <typename Element, typename VoidPtr>
+class RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator {
+ public:
+  using iterator = RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator<Element, VoidPtr>;
+  using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
+  using value_type = typename std::remove_const<Element>::type;
+  using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+  using pointer = Element*;
+  using reference = Element&;
+
+  RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator() : it_(NULL) {}
+  explicit RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator(VoidPtr* it) : it_(it) {}
+
+  // dereferenceable
+  reference operator*() const { return *reinterpret_cast<Element*>(it_); }
+  pointer operator->() const { return &(operator*()); }
+
+  // {inc,dec}rementable
+  iterator& operator++() {
+    ++it_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  iterator operator++(int) { return iterator(it_++); }
+  iterator& operator--() {
+    --it_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  iterator operator--(int) { return iterator(it_--); }
+
+  // equality_comparable
+  bool operator==(const iterator& x) const { return it_ == x.it_; }
+  bool operator!=(const iterator& x) const { return it_ != x.it_; }
+
+  // less_than_comparable
+  bool operator<(const iterator& x) const { return it_ < x.it_; }
+  bool operator<=(const iterator& x) const { return it_ <= x.it_; }
+  bool operator>(const iterator& x) const { return it_ > x.it_; }
+  bool operator>=(const iterator& x) const { return it_ >= x.it_; }
+
+  // addable, subtractable
+  iterator& operator+=(difference_type d) {
+    it_ += d;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  friend iterator operator+(iterator it, difference_type d) {
+    it += d;
+    return it;
+  }
+  friend iterator operator+(difference_type d, iterator it) {
+    it += d;
+    return it;
+  }
+  iterator& operator-=(difference_type d) {
+    it_ -= d;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  friend iterator operator-(iterator it, difference_type d) {
+    it -= d;
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  // indexable
+  reference operator[](difference_type d) const { return *(*this + d); }
+
+  // random access iterator
+  difference_type operator-(const iterator& x) const { return it_ - x.it_; }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename OtherElement>
+  friend class RepeatedPtrIterator;
+
+  // The internal iterator.
+  VoidPtr* it_;
+};
+
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::InternalSwap(RepeatedPtrFieldBase* other) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(this != other);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+
+  std::swap(rep_, other->rep_);
+  std::swap(current_size_, other->current_size_);
+  std::swap(total_size_, other->total_size_);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::begin() {
+  return iterator(raw_data());
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::const_iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::begin() const {
+  return iterator(raw_data());
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::const_iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::cbegin() const {
+  return begin();
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::end() {
+  return iterator(raw_data() + size());
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::const_iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::end() const {
+  return iterator(raw_data() + size());
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::const_iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::cend() const {
+  return end();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::pointer_iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::pointer_begin() {
+  return pointer_iterator(raw_mutable_data());
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::const_pointer_iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::pointer_begin() const {
+  return const_pointer_iterator(const_cast<const void* const*>(raw_data()));
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::pointer_iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::pointer_end() {
+  return pointer_iterator(raw_mutable_data() + size());
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::const_pointer_iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::pointer_end() const {
+  return const_pointer_iterator(
+      const_cast<const void* const*>(raw_data() + size()));
+}
+
+// Iterators and helper functions that follow the spirit of the STL
+// std::back_insert_iterator and std::back_inserter but are tailor-made
+// for RepeatedField and RepeatedPtrField. Typical usage would be:
+//
+//   std::copy(some_sequence.begin(), some_sequence.end(),
+//             RepeatedFieldBackInserter(proto.mutable_sequence()));
+//
+// Ported by johannes from util/gtl/proto-array-iterators.h
+
+namespace internal {
+// A back inserter for RepeatedField objects.
+template <typename T>
+class RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator
+    : public std::iterator<std::output_iterator_tag, T> {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator(
+      RepeatedField<T>* const mutable_field)
+      : field_(mutable_field) {}
+  RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator=(const T& value) {
+    field_->Add(value);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator*() { return *this; }
+  RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator++() { return *this; }
+  RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator++(int /* unused */) {
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  RepeatedField<T>* field_;
+};
+
+// A back inserter for RepeatedPtrField objects.
+template <typename T>
+class RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator
+    : public std::iterator<std::output_iterator_tag, T> {
+ public:
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator(RepeatedPtrField<T>* const mutable_field)
+      : field_(mutable_field) {}
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator=(const T& value) {
+    *field_->Add() = value;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator=(
+      const T* const ptr_to_value) {
+    *field_->Add() = *ptr_to_value;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator=(T&& value) {
+    *field_->Add() = std::move(value);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator*() { return *this; }
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator++() { return *this; }
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator++(int /* unused */) {
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  RepeatedPtrField<T>* field_;
+};
+
+// A back inserter for RepeatedPtrFields that inserts by transferring ownership
+// of a pointer.
+template <typename T>
+class AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator
+    : public std::iterator<std::output_iterator_tag, T> {
+ public:
+  explicit AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator(
+      RepeatedPtrField<T>* const mutable_field)
+      : field_(mutable_field) {}
+  AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator=(
+      T* const ptr_to_value) {
+    field_->AddAllocated(ptr_to_value);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator*() { return *this; }
+  AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator++() { return *this; }
+  AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator++(int /* unused */) {
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  RepeatedPtrField<T>* field_;
+};
+
+// Almost identical to AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator. This one
+// uses the UnsafeArenaAddAllocated instead.
+template <typename T>
+class UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator
+    : public std::iterator<std::output_iterator_tag, T> {
+ public:
+  explicit UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator(
+      RepeatedPtrField<T>* const mutable_field)
+      : field_(mutable_field) {}
+  UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator=(
+      T const* const ptr_to_value) {
+    field_->UnsafeArenaAddAllocated(const_cast<T*>(ptr_to_value));
+    return *this;
+  }
+  UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator*() {
+    return *this;
+  }
+  UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator++() {
+    return *this;
+  }
+  UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator++(
+      int /* unused */) {
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  RepeatedPtrField<T>* field_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Provides a back insert iterator for RepeatedField instances,
+// similar to std::back_inserter().
+template <typename T>
+internal::RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator<T> RepeatedFieldBackInserter(
+    RepeatedField<T>* const mutable_field) {
+  return internal::RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator<T>(mutable_field);
+}
+
+// Provides a back insert iterator for RepeatedPtrField instances,
+// similar to std::back_inserter().
+template <typename T>
+internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T> RepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter(
+    RepeatedPtrField<T>* const mutable_field) {
+  return internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>(mutable_field);
+}
+
+// Special back insert iterator for RepeatedPtrField instances, just in
+// case someone wants to write generic template code that can access both
+// RepeatedFields and RepeatedPtrFields using a common name.
+template <typename T>
+internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T> RepeatedFieldBackInserter(
+    RepeatedPtrField<T>* const mutable_field) {
+  return internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>(mutable_field);
+}
+
+// Provides a back insert iterator for RepeatedPtrField instances
+// similar to std::back_inserter() which transfers the ownership while
+// copying elements.
+template <typename T>
+internal::AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>
+AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter(
+    RepeatedPtrField<T>* const mutable_field) {
+  return internal::AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>(
+      mutable_field);
+}
+
+// Similar to AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter, using
+// UnsafeArenaAddAllocated instead of AddAllocated.
+// This is slightly faster if that matters. It is also useful in legacy code
+// that uses temporary ownership to avoid copies. Example:
+//   RepeatedPtrField<T> temp_field;
+//   temp_field.AddAllocated(new T);
+//   ... // Do something with temp_field
+//   temp_field.ExtractSubrange(0, temp_field.size(), nullptr);
+// If you put temp_field on the arena this fails, because the ownership
+// transfers to the arena at the "AddAllocated" call and is not released anymore
+// causing a double delete. Using UnsafeArenaAddAllocated prevents this.
+template <typename T>
+internal::UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>
+UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter(
+    RepeatedPtrField<T>* const mutable_field) {
+  return internal::UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>(
+      mutable_field);
+}
+
+// Extern declarations of common instantiations to reduce libray bloat.
+extern template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DECLARE RepeatedField<bool>;
+extern template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DECLARE RepeatedField<int32>;
+extern template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DECLARE RepeatedField<uint32>;
+extern template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DECLARE RepeatedField<int64>;
+extern template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DECLARE RepeatedField<uint64>;
+extern template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DECLARE RepeatedField<float>;
+extern template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DECLARE RepeatedField<double>;
+extern template class PROTOBUF_EXPORT_TEMPLATE_DECLARE
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string>;
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REPEATED_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_reflection_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_reflection_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04991027e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_reflection_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,712 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: tgs@google.com (Tom Szymanski)
+//
+// Test reflection methods for aggregate access to Repeated[Ptr]Fields.
+// This test proto2 methods on a proto2 layout.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+using unittest::ForeignMessage;
+using unittest::TestAllExtensions;
+using unittest::TestAllTypes;
+
+namespace {
+
+static int Func(int i, int j) { return i * j; }
+
+static std::string StrFunc(int i, int j) {
+  std::string str;
+  SStringPrintf(&str, "%d", Func(i, 4));
+  return str;
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedFieldReflectionTest, RegularFields) {
+  TestAllTypes message;
+  const Reflection* refl = message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* desc = message.GetDescriptor();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    message.add_repeated_int32(Func(i, 1));
+    message.add_repeated_double(Func(i, 2));
+    message.add_repeated_string(StrFunc(i, 5));
+    message.add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(Func(i, 6));
+  }
+
+  // Get FieldDescriptors for all the fields of interest.
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_int32 =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_int32");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_double =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_double");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_string =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_string");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_foreign_message =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_foreign_message");
+
+  // Get RepeatedField objects for all fields of interest.
+  const RepeatedField<int32>& rf_int32 =
+      refl->GetRepeatedField<int32>(message, fd_repeated_int32);
+  const RepeatedField<double>& rf_double =
+      refl->GetRepeatedField<double>(message, fd_repeated_double);
+
+  // Get mutable RepeatedField objects for all fields of interest.
+  RepeatedField<int32>* mrf_int32 =
+      refl->MutableRepeatedField<int32>(&message, fd_repeated_int32);
+  RepeatedField<double>* mrf_double =
+      refl->MutableRepeatedField<double>(&message, fd_repeated_double);
+
+  // Get RepeatedPtrField objects for all fields of interest.
+  const RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& rpf_string =
+      refl->GetRepeatedPtrField<std::string>(message, fd_repeated_string);
+  const RepeatedPtrField<ForeignMessage>& rpf_foreign_message =
+      refl->GetRepeatedPtrField<ForeignMessage>(message,
+                                                fd_repeated_foreign_message);
+  const RepeatedPtrField<Message>& rpf_message =
+      refl->GetRepeatedPtrField<Message>(message, fd_repeated_foreign_message);
+
+  // Get mutable RepeatedPtrField objects for all fields of interest.
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* mrpf_string =
+      refl->MutableRepeatedPtrField<std::string>(&message, fd_repeated_string);
+  RepeatedPtrField<ForeignMessage>* mrpf_foreign_message =
+      refl->MutableRepeatedPtrField<ForeignMessage>(
+          &message, fd_repeated_foreign_message);
+  RepeatedPtrField<Message>* mrpf_message =
+      refl->MutableRepeatedPtrField<Message>(&message,
+                                             fd_repeated_foreign_message);
+
+  // Make sure we can do gets and sets through the Repeated[Ptr]Field objects.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    // Check gets through const objects.
+    EXPECT_EQ(rf_int32.Get(i), Func(i, 1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(rf_double.Get(i), Func(i, 2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(rpf_string.Get(i), StrFunc(i, 5));
+    EXPECT_EQ(rpf_foreign_message.Get(i).c(), Func(i, 6));
+    EXPECT_EQ(down_cast<const ForeignMessage*>(&rpf_message.Get(i))->c(),
+              Func(i, 6));
+
+    // Check gets through mutable objects.
+    EXPECT_EQ(mrf_int32->Get(i), Func(i, 1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mrf_double->Get(i), Func(i, 2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mrpf_string->Get(i), StrFunc(i, 5));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mrpf_foreign_message->Get(i).c(), Func(i, 6));
+    EXPECT_EQ(down_cast<const ForeignMessage*>(&mrpf_message->Get(i))->c(),
+              Func(i, 6));
+
+    // Check sets through mutable objects.
+    mrf_int32->Set(i, Func(i, -1));
+    mrf_double->Set(i, Func(i, -2));
+    mrpf_string->Mutable(i)->assign(StrFunc(i, -5));
+    mrpf_foreign_message->Mutable(i)->set_c(Func(i, -6));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_int32(i), Func(i, -1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_double(i), Func(i, -2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_string(i), StrFunc(i, -5));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_foreign_message(i).c(), Func(i, -6));
+    down_cast<ForeignMessage*>(mrpf_message->Mutable(i))->set_c(Func(i, 7));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_foreign_message(i).c(), Func(i, 7));
+  }
+
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+  // Make sure types are checked correctly at runtime.
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_optional_int32 =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_int32");
+  EXPECT_DEATH(refl->GetRepeatedField<int32>(message, fd_optional_int32),
+               "requires a repeated field");
+  EXPECT_DEATH(refl->GetRepeatedField<double>(message, fd_repeated_int32),
+               "not the right type");
+  EXPECT_DEATH(refl->GetRepeatedPtrField<TestAllTypes>(
+                   message, fd_repeated_foreign_message),
+               "wrong submessage type");
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+}
+
+
+TEST(RepeatedFieldReflectionTest, ExtensionFields) {
+  TestAllExtensions extended_message;
+  const Reflection* refl = extended_message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* desc = extended_message.GetDescriptor();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    extended_message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension,
+                                  Func(i, 1));
+  }
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_int64_extension =
+      desc->file()->FindExtensionByName("repeated_int64_extension");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(fd_repeated_int64_extension != NULL);
+
+  const RepeatedField<int64>& rf_int64_extension =
+      refl->GetRepeatedField<int64>(extended_message,
+                                    fd_repeated_int64_extension);
+
+  RepeatedField<int64>* mrf_int64_extension = refl->MutableRepeatedField<int64>(
+      &extended_message, fd_repeated_int64_extension);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 1), rf_int64_extension.Get(i));
+    mrf_int64_extension->Set(i, Func(i, -1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, -1), extended_message.GetExtension(
+                               unittest::repeated_int64_extension, i));
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Ref, typename MessageType, typename ValueType>
+void TestRepeatedFieldRefIteratorForPrimitive(
+    const Ref& handle, const MessageType& message,
+    ValueType (MessageType::*GetFunc)(int) const) {
+  int index = 0;
+  for (typename Ref::const_iterator it = handle.begin(); it != handle.end();
+       ++it) {
+    EXPECT_EQ((message.*GetFunc)(index), *it);
+    ++index;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(handle.size(), index);
+}
+
+template <typename MessageType, typename ValueType>
+void TestRepeatedFieldRefIteratorForString(
+    const RepeatedFieldRef<std::string>& handle, const MessageType& message,
+    ValueType (MessageType::*GetFunc)(int) const) {
+  int index = 0;
+  for (typename RepeatedFieldRef<std::string>::const_iterator it =
+           handle.begin();
+       it != handle.end(); ++it) {
+    // Test both operator* and operator->
+    EXPECT_EQ((message.*GetFunc)(index), *it);
+    EXPECT_EQ((message.*GetFunc)(index).size(), it->size());
+    ++index;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(handle.size(), index);
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedFieldReflectionTest, RepeatedFieldRefForRegularFields) {
+  TestAllTypes message;
+  const Reflection* refl = message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* desc = message.GetDescriptor();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    message.add_repeated_int32(Func(i, 1));
+    message.add_repeated_double(Func(i, 2));
+    message.add_repeated_string(StrFunc(i, 5));
+    message.add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(Func(i, 6));
+  }
+
+  // Get FieldDescriptors for all the fields of interest.
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_int32 =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_int32");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_double =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_double");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_string =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_string");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_foreign_message =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_foreign_message");
+
+  // Get RepeatedFieldRef objects for all fields of interest.
+  const RepeatedFieldRef<int32> rf_int32 =
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<int32>(message, fd_repeated_int32);
+  const RepeatedFieldRef<double> rf_double =
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<double>(message, fd_repeated_double);
+  const RepeatedFieldRef<std::string> rf_string =
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<std::string>(message, fd_repeated_string);
+  const RepeatedFieldRef<ForeignMessage> rf_foreign_message =
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<ForeignMessage>(message,
+                                                fd_repeated_foreign_message);
+  const RepeatedFieldRef<Message> rf_message =
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(message, fd_repeated_foreign_message);
+
+  // Get MutableRepeatedFieldRef objects for all fields of interest.
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<int32> mrf_int32 =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<int32>(&message, fd_repeated_int32);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<double> mrf_double =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<double>(&message, fd_repeated_double);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<std::string> mrf_string =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<std::string>(&message,
+                                                    fd_repeated_string);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<ForeignMessage> mrf_foreign_message =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<ForeignMessage>(
+          &message, fd_repeated_foreign_message);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message> mrf_message =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<Message>(&message,
+                                                fd_repeated_foreign_message);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_int32_size(), rf_int32.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_int32_size(), mrf_int32.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_double_size(), rf_double.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_double_size(), mrf_double.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_string_size(), rf_string.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_string_size(), mrf_string.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_foreign_message_size(), rf_foreign_message.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_foreign_message_size(),
+            mrf_foreign_message.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_foreign_message_size(), rf_message.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_foreign_message_size(), mrf_message.size());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(rf_int32.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mrf_int32.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(rf_double.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mrf_double.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(rf_string.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mrf_string.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(rf_foreign_message.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mrf_foreign_message.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(rf_message.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mrf_message.empty());
+
+  // Make sure we can do gets and sets through the RepeatedFieldRef objects.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    // Check gets through const objects.
+    EXPECT_EQ(rf_int32.Get(i), Func(i, 1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(rf_double.Get(i), Func(i, 2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(rf_string.Get(i), StrFunc(i, 5));
+    ForeignMessage scratch_space;
+    EXPECT_EQ(rf_foreign_message.Get(i, &scratch_space).c(), Func(i, 6));
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        down_cast<const ForeignMessage&>(rf_message.Get(i, &scratch_space)).c(),
+        Func(i, 6));
+
+    // Check gets through mutable objects.
+    EXPECT_EQ(mrf_int32.Get(i), Func(i, 1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mrf_double.Get(i), Func(i, 2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mrf_string.Get(i), StrFunc(i, 5));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mrf_foreign_message.Get(i, &scratch_space).c(), Func(i, 6));
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        down_cast<const ForeignMessage&>(mrf_message.Get(i, &scratch_space))
+            .c(),
+        Func(i, 6));
+
+    // Check sets through mutable objects.
+    mrf_int32.Set(i, Func(i, -1));
+    mrf_double.Set(i, Func(i, -2));
+    mrf_string.Set(i, StrFunc(i, -5));
+    ForeignMessage foreign_message;
+    foreign_message.set_c(Func(i, -6));
+    mrf_foreign_message.Set(i, foreign_message);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_int32(i), Func(i, -1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_double(i), Func(i, -2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_string(i), StrFunc(i, -5));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_foreign_message(i).c(), Func(i, -6));
+    foreign_message.set_c(Func(i, 7));
+    mrf_message.Set(i, foreign_message);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_foreign_message(i).c(), Func(i, 7));
+  }
+
+  // Test iterators.
+  TestRepeatedFieldRefIteratorForPrimitive(rf_int32, message,
+                                           &TestAllTypes::repeated_int32);
+  TestRepeatedFieldRefIteratorForPrimitive(rf_double, message,
+                                           &TestAllTypes::repeated_double);
+  TestRepeatedFieldRefIteratorForString(rf_string, message,
+                                        &TestAllTypes::repeated_string);
+
+  // Test iterators for message fields.
+  typedef RepeatedFieldRef<ForeignMessage>::iterator MessageIterator;
+  int index = 0;
+  for (MessageIterator it = rf_foreign_message.begin();
+       it != rf_foreign_message.end(); ++it) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_foreign_message(index).c(), it->c());
+    ++index;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, index);
+
+  // Test iterator operators that are not ususally used in regular for-loops.
+  // Including: post increment, assign, ==.
+  MessageIterator old_it = rf_foreign_message.begin();
+  MessageIterator new_it = old_it++;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(old_it == new_it);
+  // Check that old_it++ increments old_it once.
+  for (index = 1; old_it != rf_foreign_message.end(); ++old_it, ++index) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_foreign_message(index).c(), old_it->c());
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, index);
+  // Test assign operator.
+  old_it = new_it;
+  for (index = 0; old_it != rf_foreign_message.end(); ++old_it, ++index) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_foreign_message(index).c(), old_it->c());
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, index);
+  // Check that the returned value of old_it++ is the one before increment.
+  for (index = 0; new_it != rf_foreign_message.end(); ++new_it, ++index) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_foreign_message(index).c(), new_it->c());
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, index);
+
+  // Test MutableRepeatedFieldRef::Add()
+  mrf_int32.Add(1234);
+  mrf_double.Add(1234.0);
+  mrf_string.Add("1234");
+  ForeignMessage foreign_message;
+  foreign_message.set_c(1234);
+  mrf_foreign_message.Add(foreign_message);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, message.repeated_int32(10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234.0, message.repeated_double(10));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1234", message.repeated_string(10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, message.repeated_foreign_message(10).c());
+
+  // Test MutableRepeatedFieldRef::RemoveLast()
+  mrf_int32.RemoveLast();
+  mrf_double.RemoveLast();
+  mrf_string.RemoveLast();
+  mrf_foreign_message.RemoveLast();
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, message.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, message.repeated_double_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, message.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+
+  // Test MutableRepeatedFieldRef::SwapElements()
+  mrf_int32.SwapElements(0, 9);
+  mrf_double.SwapElements(0, 9);
+  mrf_string.SwapElements(0, 9);
+  mrf_foreign_message.SwapElements(0, 9);
+  EXPECT_EQ(Func(9, -1), message.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(Func(0, -1), message.repeated_int32(9));
+  EXPECT_EQ(Func(9, -2), message.repeated_double(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(Func(0, -2), message.repeated_double(9));
+  EXPECT_EQ(StrFunc(9, -5), message.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(StrFunc(0, -5), message.repeated_string(9));
+  EXPECT_EQ(Func(9, 7), message.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Func(0, 7), message.repeated_foreign_message(9).c());
+
+  // Test MutableRepeatedFieldRef::Clear()
+  mrf_int32.Clear();
+  mrf_double.Clear();
+  mrf_string.Clear();
+  mrf_foreign_message.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_double_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+
+  // Test (Mutable)RepeatedFieldRef::empty()
+  EXPECT_TRUE(rf_int32.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mrf_int32.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(rf_double.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mrf_double.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(rf_string.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mrf_string.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(rf_foreign_message.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mrf_foreign_message.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(rf_message.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mrf_message.empty());
+
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+  // Make sure types are checked correctly at runtime.
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_optional_int32 =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_int32");
+  EXPECT_DEATH(refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<int32>(message, fd_optional_int32),
+               "");
+  EXPECT_DEATH(refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<double>(message, fd_repeated_int32),
+               "");
+  EXPECT_DEATH(refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<TestAllTypes>(
+                   message, fd_repeated_foreign_message),
+               "");
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedFieldReflectionTest, RepeatedFieldRefForEnums) {
+  TestAllTypes message;
+  const Reflection* refl = message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* desc = message.GetDescriptor();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    message.add_repeated_nested_enum(TestAllTypes::BAR);
+  }
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_nested_enum =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_nested_enum");
+  const RepeatedFieldRef<TestAllTypes::NestedEnum> enum_ref =
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<TestAllTypes::NestedEnum>(
+          message, fd_repeated_nested_enum);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<TestAllTypes::NestedEnum> mutable_enum_ref =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<TestAllTypes::NestedEnum>(
+          &message, fd_repeated_nested_enum);
+  const RepeatedFieldRef<int32> int32_ref =
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<int32>(message, fd_repeated_nested_enum);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<int32> mutable_int32_ref =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<int32>(&message,
+                                              fd_repeated_nested_enum);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_nested_enum_size(), enum_ref.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_nested_enum_size(), mutable_enum_ref.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_nested_enum_size(), int32_ref.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_nested_enum_size(), mutable_int32_ref.size());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(enum_ref.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mutable_enum_ref.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(int32_ref.empty());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(mutable_int32_ref.empty());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAR, enum_ref.Get(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAR, mutable_enum_ref.Get(i));
+    mutable_enum_ref.Set(i, TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAZ, enum_ref.Get(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAZ, message.repeated_nested_enum(i));
+
+    message.set_repeated_nested_enum(i, TestAllTypes::BAR);
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAR, int32_ref.Get(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAR, mutable_int32_ref.Get(i));
+    mutable_int32_ref.Set(i, TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAZ, int32_ref.Get(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAZ, message.repeated_nested_enum(i));
+  }
+
+  TestRepeatedFieldRefIteratorForPrimitive(enum_ref, message,
+                                           &TestAllTypes::repeated_nested_enum);
+  TestRepeatedFieldRefIteratorForPrimitive(int32_ref, message,
+                                           &TestAllTypes::repeated_nested_enum);
+
+  // Test Add()
+  mutable_enum_ref.Add(TestAllTypes::FOO);
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::FOO, message.repeated_nested_enum(10));
+  mutable_int32_ref.Add(TestAllTypes::BAR);
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAR, message.repeated_nested_enum(11));
+
+  // Test RemoveLast()
+  mutable_enum_ref.RemoveLast();
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, message.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  mutable_int32_ref.RemoveLast();
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, message.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+
+  // Test SwapElements()
+  mutable_enum_ref.Set(0, TestAllTypes::BAR);
+  mutable_enum_ref.Set(9, TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  mutable_enum_ref.SwapElements(0, 9);
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAZ, enum_ref.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAR, enum_ref.Get(9));
+  mutable_int32_ref.SwapElements(0, 9);
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAR, enum_ref.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAZ, enum_ref.Get(9));
+
+  // Test Clear()
+  mutable_enum_ref.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  mutable_enum_ref.Add(TestAllTypes::FOO);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  mutable_int32_ref.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+
+  // Test empty()
+  EXPECT_TRUE(enum_ref.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mutable_enum_ref.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(int32_ref.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mutable_int32_ref.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedFieldReflectionTest, RepeatedFieldRefForExtensionFields) {
+  TestAllExtensions extended_message;
+  const Reflection* refl = extended_message.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* desc = extended_message.GetDescriptor();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    extended_message.AddExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension,
+                                  Func(i, 1));
+  }
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_int64_extension =
+      desc->file()->FindExtensionByName("repeated_int64_extension");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(fd_repeated_int64_extension != NULL);
+
+  const RepeatedFieldRef<int64> rf_int64_extension =
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<int64>(extended_message,
+                                       fd_repeated_int64_extension);
+
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<int64> mrf_int64_extension =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<int64>(&extended_message,
+                                              fd_repeated_int64_extension);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 1), rf_int64_extension.Get(i));
+    mrf_int64_extension.Set(i, Func(i, -1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, -1), extended_message.GetExtension(
+                               unittest::repeated_int64_extension, i));
+  }
+}
+
+
+TEST(RepeatedFieldReflectionTest, RepeatedFieldRefMergeFromAndSwap) {
+  // Set-up message content.
+  TestAllTypes m0, m1, m2;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    m0.add_repeated_int32(Func(i, 1));
+    m0.add_repeated_double(Func(i, 2));
+    m0.add_repeated_string(StrFunc(i, 5));
+    m0.add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(Func(i, 6));
+    m0.add_repeated_nested_enum(TestAllTypes::FOO);
+    m1.add_repeated_int32(Func(i, 11));
+    m1.add_repeated_double(Func(i, 12));
+    m1.add_repeated_string(StrFunc(i, 15));
+    m1.add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(Func(i, 16));
+    m1.add_repeated_nested_enum(TestAllTypes::BAR);
+    m2.add_repeated_int32(Func(i, 21));
+    m2.add_repeated_double(Func(i, 22));
+    m2.add_repeated_string(StrFunc(i, 25));
+    m2.add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(Func(i, 26));
+    m2.add_repeated_nested_enum(TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  }
+
+  const Reflection* refl = m0.GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* desc = m0.GetDescriptor();
+
+  // Get FieldDescriptors for all the fields of interest.
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_int32 =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_int32");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_double =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_double");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_string =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_string");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_foreign_message =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_foreign_message");
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_nested_enum =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_nested_enum");
+
+  // Get MutableRepeatedFieldRef objects for all fields of interest.
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<int32> mrf_int32 =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<int32>(&m0, fd_repeated_int32);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<double> mrf_double =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<double>(&m0, fd_repeated_double);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<std::string> mrf_string =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<std::string>(&m0, fd_repeated_string);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<ForeignMessage> mrf_foreign_message =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<ForeignMessage>(
+          &m0, fd_repeated_foreign_message);
+  const MutableRepeatedFieldRef<TestAllTypes::NestedEnum> mrf_nested_enum =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<TestAllTypes::NestedEnum>(
+          &m0, fd_repeated_nested_enum);
+
+  // Test MutableRepeatedRef::CopyFrom
+  mrf_int32.CopyFrom(refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<int32>(m1, fd_repeated_int32));
+  mrf_double.CopyFrom(
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<double>(m1, fd_repeated_double));
+  mrf_string.CopyFrom(
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<std::string>(m1, fd_repeated_string));
+  mrf_foreign_message.CopyFrom(refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<ForeignMessage>(
+      m1, fd_repeated_foreign_message));
+  mrf_nested_enum.CopyFrom(refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<TestAllTypes::NestedEnum>(
+      m1, fd_repeated_nested_enum));
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 11), m0.repeated_int32(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 12), m0.repeated_double(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(StrFunc(i, 15), m0.repeated_string(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 16), m0.repeated_foreign_message(i).c());
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAR, m0.repeated_nested_enum(i));
+  }
+
+  // Test MutableRepeatedRef::MergeFrom
+  mrf_int32.MergeFrom(refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<int32>(m2, fd_repeated_int32));
+  mrf_double.MergeFrom(
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<double>(m2, fd_repeated_double));
+  mrf_string.MergeFrom(
+      refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<std::string>(m2, fd_repeated_string));
+  mrf_foreign_message.MergeFrom(refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<ForeignMessage>(
+      m2, fd_repeated_foreign_message));
+  mrf_nested_enum.MergeFrom(refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<TestAllTypes::NestedEnum>(
+      m2, fd_repeated_nested_enum));
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 21), m0.repeated_int32(i + 10));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 22), m0.repeated_double(i + 10));
+    EXPECT_EQ(StrFunc(i, 25), m0.repeated_string(i + 10));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 26), m0.repeated_foreign_message(i + 10).c());
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAZ, m0.repeated_nested_enum(i + 10));
+  }
+
+  // Test MutableRepeatedRef::Swap
+  // Swap between m0 and m2.
+  mrf_int32.Swap(
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<int32>(&m2, fd_repeated_int32));
+  mrf_double.Swap(
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<double>(&m2, fd_repeated_double));
+  mrf_string.Swap(
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<std::string>(&m2, fd_repeated_string));
+  mrf_foreign_message.Swap(refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<ForeignMessage>(
+      &m2, fd_repeated_foreign_message));
+  mrf_nested_enum.Swap(
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<TestAllTypes::NestedEnum>(
+          &m2, fd_repeated_nested_enum));
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    // Check the content of m0.
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 21), m0.repeated_int32(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 22), m0.repeated_double(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(StrFunc(i, 25), m0.repeated_string(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 26), m0.repeated_foreign_message(i).c());
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAZ, m0.repeated_nested_enum(i));
+
+    // Check the content of m2.
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 11), m2.repeated_int32(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 12), m2.repeated_double(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(StrFunc(i, 15), m2.repeated_string(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 16), m2.repeated_foreign_message(i).c());
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAR, m2.repeated_nested_enum(i));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 21), m2.repeated_int32(i + 10));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 22), m2.repeated_double(i + 10));
+    EXPECT_EQ(StrFunc(i, 25), m2.repeated_string(i + 10));
+    EXPECT_EQ(Func(i, 26), m2.repeated_foreign_message(i + 10).c());
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAZ, m2.repeated_nested_enum(i + 10));
+  }
+}
+
+// Test that GetRepeatedFieldRef/MutableRepeatedFieldRef works with
+// DynamicMessage.
+TEST(RepeatedFieldReflectionTest, RepeatedFieldRefDynamicMessage) {
+  // DynamicMessage shares the same memory layout as generated message
+  // and use the same GeneratedMessageReflection code for reflection.
+  // All code paths should already be covered by the other tests for
+  // generated messages. Here we just test one field.
+
+  const Descriptor* desc = TestAllTypes::descriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd_repeated_int32 =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_int32");
+
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> dynamic_message(factory.GetPrototype(desc)->New());
+  const Reflection* refl = dynamic_message->GetReflection();
+
+  MutableRepeatedFieldRef<int32> rf_int32 =
+      refl->GetMutableRepeatedFieldRef<int32>(dynamic_message.get(),
+                                              fd_repeated_int32);
+  rf_int32.Add(1234);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, refl->FieldSize(*dynamic_message, fd_repeated_int32));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234,
+            refl->GetRepeatedInt32(*dynamic_message, fd_repeated_int32, 0));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca5452b8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1999 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// TODO(kenton):  Improve this unittest to bring it up to the standards of
+//   other proto2 unittests.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
+#include <list>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+
+using ::protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes;
+using ::testing::ElementsAre;
+
+// Test operations on a small RepeatedField.
+TEST(RepeatedField, Small) {
+  RepeatedField<int> field;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 0);
+
+  field.Add(5);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(field.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(0), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.at(0), 5);
+
+  field.Add(42);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(field.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(0), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.at(0), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(1), 42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.at(1), 42);
+
+  field.Set(1, 23);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(field.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(0), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.at(0), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(1), 23);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.at(1), 23);
+
+  field.at(1) = 25;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(field.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(0), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.at(0), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(1), 25);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.at(1), 25);
+
+  field.RemoveLast();
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(field.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(0), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.at(0), 5);
+
+  field.Clear();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 0);
+  // Additional bytes are for 'struct Rep' header.
+  int expected_usage = 4 * sizeof(int) + sizeof(Arena*);
+  EXPECT_GE(field.SpaceUsedExcludingSelf(), expected_usage);
+}
+
+
+// Test operations on a RepeatedField which is large enough to allocate a
+// separate array.
+TEST(RepeatedField, Large) {
+  RepeatedField<int> field;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    field.Add(i * i);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(field.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 16);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(i), i * i);
+  }
+
+  int expected_usage = 16 * sizeof(int);
+  EXPECT_GE(field.SpaceUsedExcludingSelf(), expected_usage);
+}
+
+// Test swapping between various types of RepeatedFields.
+TEST(RepeatedField, SwapSmallSmall) {
+  RepeatedField<int> field1;
+  RepeatedField<int> field2;
+
+  field1.Add(5);
+  field1.Add(42);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(field1.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.size(), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.Get(0), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.Get(1), 42);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field2.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.size(), 0);
+
+  field1.Swap(&field2);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field1.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.size(), 0);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(field2.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.size(), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.Get(0), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.Get(1), 42);
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, SwapLargeSmall) {
+  RepeatedField<int> field1;
+  RepeatedField<int> field2;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    field1.Add(i * i);
+  }
+  field2.Add(5);
+  field2.Add(42);
+  field1.Swap(&field2);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.size(), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.Get(0), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.Get(1), 42);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.size(), 16);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(field2.Get(i), i * i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, SwapLargeLarge) {
+  RepeatedField<int> field1;
+  RepeatedField<int> field2;
+
+  field1.Add(5);
+  field1.Add(42);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    field1.Add(i);
+    field2.Add(i * i);
+  }
+  field2.Swap(&field1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.size(), 16);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(field1.Get(i), i * i);
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.size(), 18);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.Get(0), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.Get(1), 42);
+  for (int i = 2; i < 18; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(field2.Get(i), i - 2);
+  }
+}
+
+// Determines how much space was reserved by the given field by adding elements
+// to it until it re-allocates its space.
+static int ReservedSpace(RepeatedField<int>* field) {
+  const int* ptr = field->data();
+  do {
+    field->Add(0);
+  } while (field->data() == ptr);
+
+  return field->size() - 1;
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, ReserveMoreThanDouble) {
+  // Reserve more than double the previous space in the field and expect the
+  // field to reserve exactly the amount specified.
+  RepeatedField<int> field;
+  field.Reserve(20);
+
+  EXPECT_LE(20, ReservedSpace(&field));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, ReserveLessThanDouble) {
+  // Reserve less than double the previous space in the field and expect the
+  // field to grow by double instead.
+  RepeatedField<int> field;
+  field.Reserve(20);
+  int capacity = field.Capacity();
+  field.Reserve(capacity * 1.5);
+
+  EXPECT_LE(2 * capacity, ReservedSpace(&field));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, ReserveLessThanExisting) {
+  // Reserve less than the previous space in the field and expect the
+  // field to not re-allocate at all.
+  RepeatedField<int> field;
+  field.Reserve(20);
+  const int* previous_ptr = field.data();
+  field.Reserve(10);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(previous_ptr, field.data());
+  EXPECT_LE(20, ReservedSpace(&field));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, Resize) {
+  RepeatedField<int> field;
+  field.Resize(2, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, field.size());
+  field.Resize(5, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, field.size());
+  field.Resize(4, 3);
+  ASSERT_EQ(4, field.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, field.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, field.Get(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, field.Get(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, field.Get(3));
+  field.Resize(0, 4);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, MergeFrom) {
+  RepeatedField<int> source, destination;
+  source.Add(4);
+  source.Add(5);
+  destination.Add(1);
+  destination.Add(2);
+  destination.Add(3);
+
+  destination.MergeFrom(source);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(5, destination.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, destination.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, destination.Get(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, destination.Get(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, destination.Get(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, destination.Get(4));
+}
+
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, CopyFrom) {
+  RepeatedField<int> source, destination;
+  source.Add(4);
+  source.Add(5);
+  destination.Add(1);
+  destination.Add(2);
+  destination.Add(3);
+
+  destination.CopyFrom(source);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, destination.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, destination.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, destination.Get(1));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, CopyFromSelf) {
+  RepeatedField<int> me;
+  me.Add(3);
+  me.CopyFrom(me);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, me.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, me.Get(0));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, Erase) {
+  RepeatedField<int> me;
+  RepeatedField<int>::iterator it = me.erase(me.begin(), me.end());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(me.begin() == it);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, me.size());
+
+  me.Add(1);
+  me.Add(2);
+  me.Add(3);
+  it = me.erase(me.begin(), me.end());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(me.begin() == it);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, me.size());
+
+  me.Add(4);
+  me.Add(5);
+  me.Add(6);
+  it = me.erase(me.begin() + 2, me.end());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(me.begin() + 2 == it);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, me.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, me.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, me.Get(1));
+
+  me.Add(6);
+  me.Add(7);
+  me.Add(8);
+  it = me.erase(me.begin() + 1, me.begin() + 3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(me.begin() + 1 == it);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, me.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, me.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, me.Get(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, me.Get(2));
+}
+
+// Add contents of empty container to an empty field.
+TEST(RepeatedField, AddRange1) {
+  RepeatedField<int> me;
+  std::vector<int> values;
+
+  me.Add(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_EQ(me.size(), 0);
+}
+
+// Add contents of container with one thing to an empty field.
+TEST(RepeatedField, AddRange2) {
+  RepeatedField<int> me;
+  std::vector<int> values;
+  values.push_back(-1);
+
+  me.Add(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_EQ(me.size(), 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(me.Get(0), values[0]);
+}
+
+// Add contents of container with more than one thing to an empty field.
+TEST(RepeatedField, AddRange3) {
+  RepeatedField<int> me;
+  std::vector<int> values;
+  values.push_back(0);
+  values.push_back(1);
+
+  me.Add(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_EQ(me.size(), 2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(me.Get(0), values[0]);
+  ASSERT_EQ(me.Get(1), values[1]);
+}
+
+// Add contents of container with more than one thing to a non-empty field.
+TEST(RepeatedField, AddRange4) {
+  RepeatedField<int> me;
+  me.Add(0);
+  me.Add(1);
+
+  std::vector<int> values;
+  values.push_back(2);
+  values.push_back(3);
+
+  me.Add(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_EQ(me.size(), 4);
+  ASSERT_EQ(me.Get(0), 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(me.Get(1), 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(me.Get(2), values[0]);
+  ASSERT_EQ(me.Get(3), values[1]);
+}
+
+// Add contents of a stringstream in order to test code paths where there is
+// an input iterator.
+TEST(RepeatedField, AddRange5) {
+  RepeatedField<int> me;
+
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << 1 << ' ' << 2;
+
+  me.Add(std::istream_iterator<int>(ss), std::istream_iterator<int>());
+  ASSERT_EQ(me.size(), 2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(me.Get(0), 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(me.Get(1), 2);
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, CopyConstruct) {
+  RepeatedField<int> source;
+  source.Add(1);
+  source.Add(2);
+
+  RepeatedField<int> destination(source);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, destination.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, destination.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, destination.Get(1));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, IteratorConstruct) {
+  std::vector<int> values;
+  RepeatedField<int> empty(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_EQ(values.size(), empty.size());
+
+  values.push_back(1);
+  values.push_back(2);
+
+  RepeatedField<int> field(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_EQ(values.size(), field.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(values[0], field.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(values[1], field.Get(1));
+
+  RepeatedField<int> other(field.begin(), field.end());
+  ASSERT_EQ(values.size(), other.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(values[0], other.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(values[1], other.Get(1));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, CopyAssign) {
+  RepeatedField<int> source, destination;
+  source.Add(4);
+  source.Add(5);
+  destination.Add(1);
+  destination.Add(2);
+  destination.Add(3);
+
+  destination = source;
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, destination.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, destination.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, destination.Get(1));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, SelfAssign) {
+  // Verify that assignment to self does not destroy data.
+  RepeatedField<int> source, *p;
+  p = &source;
+  source.Add(7);
+  source.Add(8);
+
+  *p = source;
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, source.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, source.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, source.Get(1));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, MoveConstruct) {
+  {
+    RepeatedField<int> source;
+    source.Add(1);
+    source.Add(2);
+    const int* data = source.data();
+    RepeatedField<int> destination = std::move(source);
+    EXPECT_EQ(data, destination.data());
+    EXPECT_THAT(destination, ElementsAre(1, 2));
+    // This property isn't guaranteed but it's useful to have a test that would
+    // catch changes in this area.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(source.empty());
+  }
+  {
+    Arena arena;
+    RepeatedField<int>* source =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int>>(&arena);
+    source->Add(1);
+    source->Add(2);
+    RepeatedField<int> destination = std::move(*source);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, destination.GetArena());
+    EXPECT_THAT(destination, ElementsAre(1, 2));
+    // This property isn't guaranteed but it's useful to have a test that would
+    // catch changes in this area.
+    EXPECT_THAT(*source, ElementsAre(1, 2));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, MoveAssign) {
+  {
+    RepeatedField<int> source;
+    source.Add(1);
+    source.Add(2);
+    RepeatedField<int> destination;
+    destination.Add(3);
+    const int* source_data = source.data();
+    const int* destination_data = destination.data();
+    destination = std::move(source);
+    EXPECT_EQ(source_data, destination.data());
+    EXPECT_THAT(destination, ElementsAre(1, 2));
+    // This property isn't guaranteed but it's useful to have a test that would
+    // catch changes in this area.
+    EXPECT_EQ(destination_data, source.data());
+    EXPECT_THAT(source, ElementsAre(3));
+  }
+  {
+    Arena arena;
+    RepeatedField<int>* source =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int>>(&arena);
+    source->Add(1);
+    source->Add(2);
+    RepeatedField<int>* destination =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int>>(&arena);
+    destination->Add(3);
+    const int* source_data = source->data();
+    const int* destination_data = destination->data();
+    *destination = std::move(*source);
+    EXPECT_EQ(source_data, destination->data());
+    EXPECT_THAT(*destination, ElementsAre(1, 2));
+    // This property isn't guaranteed but it's useful to have a test that would
+    // catch changes in this area.
+    EXPECT_EQ(destination_data, source->data());
+    EXPECT_THAT(*source, ElementsAre(3));
+  }
+  {
+    Arena source_arena;
+    RepeatedField<int>* source =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int>>(&source_arena);
+    source->Add(1);
+    source->Add(2);
+    Arena destination_arena;
+    RepeatedField<int>* destination =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int>>(&destination_arena);
+    destination->Add(3);
+    *destination = std::move(*source);
+    EXPECT_THAT(*destination, ElementsAre(1, 2));
+    // This property isn't guaranteed but it's useful to have a test that would
+    // catch changes in this area.
+    EXPECT_THAT(*source, ElementsAre(1, 2));
+  }
+  {
+    Arena arena;
+    RepeatedField<int>* source =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int>>(&arena);
+    source->Add(1);
+    source->Add(2);
+    RepeatedField<int> destination;
+    destination.Add(3);
+    destination = std::move(*source);
+    EXPECT_THAT(destination, ElementsAre(1, 2));
+    // This property isn't guaranteed but it's useful to have a test that would
+    // catch changes in this area.
+    EXPECT_THAT(*source, ElementsAre(1, 2));
+  }
+  {
+    RepeatedField<int> source;
+    source.Add(1);
+    source.Add(2);
+    Arena arena;
+    RepeatedField<int>* destination =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int>>(&arena);
+    destination->Add(3);
+    *destination = std::move(source);
+    EXPECT_THAT(*destination, ElementsAre(1, 2));
+    // This property isn't guaranteed but it's useful to have a test that would
+    // catch changes in this area.
+    EXPECT_THAT(source, ElementsAre(1, 2));
+  }
+  {
+    RepeatedField<int> field;
+    // An alias to defeat -Wself-move.
+    RepeatedField<int>& alias = field;
+    field.Add(1);
+    field.Add(2);
+    const int* data = field.data();
+    field = std::move(alias);
+    EXPECT_EQ(data, field.data());
+    EXPECT_THAT(field, ElementsAre(1, 2));
+  }
+  {
+    Arena arena;
+    RepeatedField<int>* field =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int>>(&arena);
+    field->Add(1);
+    field->Add(2);
+    const int* data = field->data();
+    *field = std::move(*field);
+    EXPECT_EQ(data, field->data());
+    EXPECT_THAT(*field, ElementsAre(1, 2));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Movable, Works) {
+  class NonMoveConstructible {
+   public:
+    NonMoveConstructible(NonMoveConstructible&&) = delete;
+    NonMoveConstructible& operator=(NonMoveConstructible&&) { return *this; }
+  };
+  class NonMoveAssignable {
+   public:
+    NonMoveAssignable(NonMoveAssignable&&) {}
+    NonMoveAssignable& operator=(NonMoveConstructible&&) = delete;
+  };
+  class NonMovable {
+   public:
+    NonMovable(NonMovable&&) = delete;
+    NonMovable& operator=(NonMovable&&) = delete;
+  };
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(internal::IsMovable<std::string>::value);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(std::is_move_constructible<NonMoveConstructible>::value);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::is_move_assignable<NonMoveConstructible>::value);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(internal::IsMovable<NonMoveConstructible>::value);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::is_move_constructible<NonMoveAssignable>::value);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(std::is_move_assignable<NonMoveAssignable>::value);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(internal::IsMovable<NonMoveAssignable>::value);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(internal::IsMovable<NonMovable>::value);
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, MoveAdd) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<TestAllTypes> field;
+  TestAllTypes test_all_types;
+  auto* optional_nested_message =
+      test_all_types.mutable_optional_nested_message();
+  optional_nested_message->set_bb(42);
+  field.Add(std::move(test_all_types));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(optional_nested_message,
+            field.Mutable(0)->mutable_optional_nested_message());
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, MutableDataIsMutable) {
+  RepeatedField<int> field;
+  field.Add(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, field.Get(0));
+  // The fact that this line compiles would be enough, but we'll check the
+  // value anyway.
+  *field.mutable_data() = 2;
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, field.Get(0));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, SubscriptOperators) {
+  RepeatedField<int> field;
+  field.Add(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, field.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, field[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Mutable(0), &field[0]);
+  const RepeatedField<int>& const_field = field;
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.data(), &const_field[0]);
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, Truncate) {
+  RepeatedField<int> field;
+
+  field.Add(12);
+  field.Add(34);
+  field.Add(56);
+  field.Add(78);
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, field.size());
+
+  field.Truncate(3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, field.size());
+
+  field.Add(90);
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, field.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(90, field.Get(3));
+
+  // Truncations that don't change the size are allowed, but growing is not
+  // allowed.
+  field.Truncate(field.size());
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+  EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(field.Truncate(field.size() + 1), "new_size");
+#endif
+}
+
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, ExtractSubrange) {
+  // Exhaustively test every subrange in arrays of all sizes from 0 through 9.
+  for (int sz = 0; sz < 10; ++sz) {
+    for (int num = 0; num <= sz; ++num) {
+      for (int start = 0; start < sz - num; ++start) {
+        // Create RepeatedField with sz elements having values 0 through sz-1.
+        RepeatedField<int32> field;
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; ++i) field.Add(i);
+        EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), sz);
+
+        // Create a catcher array and call ExtractSubrange.
+        int32 catcher[10];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) catcher[i] = -1;
+        field.ExtractSubrange(start, num, catcher);
+
+        // Does the resulting array have the right size?
+        EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), sz - num);
+
+        // Were the removed elements extracted into the catcher array?
+        for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) EXPECT_EQ(catcher[i], start + i);
+        EXPECT_EQ(catcher[num], -1);
+
+        // Does the resulting array contain the right values?
+        for (int i = 0; i < start; ++i) EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(i), i);
+        for (int i = start; i < field.size(); ++i)
+          EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(i), i + num);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedField, ClearThenReserveMore) {
+  // Test that Reserve properly destroys the old internal array when it's forced
+  // to allocate a new one, even when cleared-but-not-deleted objects are
+  // present. Use a 'string' and > 16 bytes length so that the elements are
+  // non-POD and allocate -- the leak checker will catch any skipped destructor
+  // calls here.
+  RepeatedField<std::string> field;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+    field.Add(std::string("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"));
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(32, field.size());
+  field.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, field.size());
+  EXPECT_LE(32, field.Capacity());
+
+  field.Reserve(1024);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, field.size());
+  EXPECT_LE(1024, field.Capacity());
+  // Finish test -- |field| should destroy the cleared-but-not-yet-destroyed
+  // strings.
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// RepeatedPtrField tests.  These pretty much just mirror the RepeatedField
+// tests above.
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, Small) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 0);
+
+  field.Add()->assign("foo");
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(field.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(0), "foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.at(0), "foo");
+
+  field.Add()->assign("bar");
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(field.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(0), "foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.at(0), "foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(1), "bar");
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.at(1), "bar");
+
+  field.Mutable(1)->assign("baz");
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(field.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(0), "foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.at(0), "foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(1), "baz");
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.at(1), "baz");
+
+  field.RemoveLast();
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(field.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(0), "foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.at(0), "foo");
+
+  field.Clear();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, Large) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    *field.Add() += 'a' + i;
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 16);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(i).size(), 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(field.Get(i)[0], 'a' + i);
+  }
+
+  int min_expected_usage = 16 * sizeof(std::string);
+  EXPECT_GE(field.SpaceUsedExcludingSelf(), min_expected_usage);
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, SwapSmallSmall) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field1;
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field2;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field1.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.size(), 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field2.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.size(), 0);
+
+  field1.Add()->assign("foo");
+  field1.Add()->assign("bar");
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(field1.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.size(), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.Get(0), "foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.Get(1), "bar");
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field2.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.size(), 0);
+
+  field1.Swap(&field2);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(field1.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.size(), 0);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.size(), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.Get(0), "foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.Get(1), "bar");
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, SwapLargeSmall) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field1;
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field2;
+
+  field2.Add()->assign("foo");
+  field2.Add()->assign("bar");
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    *field1.Add() += 'a' + i;
+  }
+  field1.Swap(&field2);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.size(), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.Get(0), "foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.Get(1), "bar");
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.size(), 16);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(field2.Get(i).size(), 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(field2.Get(i)[0], 'a' + i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, SwapLargeLarge) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field1;
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field2;
+
+  field1.Add()->assign("foo");
+  field1.Add()->assign("bar");
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    *field1.Add() += 'A' + i;
+    *field2.Add() += 'a' + i;
+  }
+  field2.Swap(&field1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(field1.size(), 16);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(field1.Get(i).size(), 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(field1.Get(i)[0], 'a' + i);
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.size(), 18);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.Get(0), "foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(field2.Get(1), "bar");
+  for (int i = 2; i < 18; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(field2.Get(i).size(), 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(field2.Get(i)[0], 'A' + i - 2);
+  }
+}
+
+static int ReservedSpace(RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* field) {
+  const std::string* const* ptr = field->data();
+  do {
+    field->Add();
+  } while (field->data() == ptr);
+
+  return field->size() - 1;
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, ReserveMoreThanDouble) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field;
+  field.Reserve(20);
+
+  EXPECT_LE(20, ReservedSpace(&field));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, ReserveLessThanDouble) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field;
+  field.Reserve(20);
+
+  int capacity = field.Capacity();
+  // Grow by 1.5x
+  field.Reserve(capacity + (capacity >> 2));
+
+  EXPECT_LE(2 * capacity, ReservedSpace(&field));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, ReserveLessThanExisting) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field;
+  field.Reserve(20);
+  const std::string* const* previous_ptr = field.data();
+  field.Reserve(10);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(previous_ptr, field.data());
+  EXPECT_LE(20, ReservedSpace(&field));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, ReserveDoesntLoseAllocated) {
+  // Check that a bug is fixed:  An earlier implementation of Reserve()
+  // failed to copy pointers to allocated-but-cleared objects, possibly
+  // leading to segfaults.
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field;
+  std::string* first = field.Add();
+  field.RemoveLast();
+
+  field.Reserve(20);
+  EXPECT_EQ(first, field.Add());
+}
+
+// Clearing elements is tricky with RepeatedPtrFields since the memory for
+// the elements is retained and reused.
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, ClearedElements) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field;
+
+  std::string* original = field.Add();
+  *original = "foo";
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.ClearedCount(), 0);
+
+  field.RemoveLast();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(original->empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.ClearedCount(), 1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Add(),
+            original);  // Should return same string for reuse.
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.ReleaseLast(), original);  // We take ownership.
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.ClearedCount(), 0);
+
+  EXPECT_NE(field.Add(), original);  // Should NOT return the same string.
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.ClearedCount(), 0);
+
+  field.AddAllocated(original);  // Give ownership back.
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.ClearedCount(), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Mutable(1), original);
+
+  field.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.ClearedCount(), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.ReleaseCleared(), original);  // Take ownership again.
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.ClearedCount(), 1);
+  EXPECT_NE(field.Add(), original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.ClearedCount(), 0);
+  EXPECT_NE(field.Add(), original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.ClearedCount(), 0);
+
+  field.AddCleared(original);  // Give ownership back, but as a cleared object.
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.ClearedCount(), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Add(), original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.ClearedCount(), 0);
+}
+
+// Test all code paths in AddAllocated().
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, AddAlocated) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field;
+  while (field.size() < field.Capacity()) {
+    field.Add()->assign("filler");
+  }
+
+  int index = field.size();
+
+  // First branch:  Field is at capacity with no cleared objects.
+  std::string* foo = new std::string("foo");
+  field.AddAllocated(foo);
+  EXPECT_EQ(index + 1, field.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, field.ClearedCount());
+  EXPECT_EQ(foo, &field.Get(index));
+
+  // Last branch:  Field is not at capacity and there are no cleared objects.
+  std::string* bar = new std::string("bar");
+  field.AddAllocated(bar);
+  ++index;
+  EXPECT_EQ(index + 1, field.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, field.ClearedCount());
+  EXPECT_EQ(bar, &field.Get(index));
+
+  // Third branch:  Field is not at capacity and there are no cleared objects.
+  field.RemoveLast();
+  std::string* baz = new std::string("baz");
+  field.AddAllocated(baz);
+  EXPECT_EQ(index + 1, field.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, field.ClearedCount());
+  EXPECT_EQ(baz, &field.Get(index));
+
+  // Second branch:  Field is at capacity but has some cleared objects.
+  while (field.size() < field.Capacity()) {
+    field.Add()->assign("filler2");
+  }
+  field.RemoveLast();
+  index = field.size();
+  std::string* qux = new std::string("qux");
+  field.AddAllocated(qux);
+  EXPECT_EQ(index + 1, field.size());
+  // We should have discarded the cleared object.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, field.ClearedCount());
+  EXPECT_EQ(qux, &field.Get(index));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, MergeFrom) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> source, destination;
+  source.Add()->assign("4");
+  source.Add()->assign("5");
+  destination.Add()->assign("1");
+  destination.Add()->assign("2");
+  destination.Add()->assign("3");
+
+  destination.MergeFrom(source);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(5, destination.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", destination.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("2", destination.Get(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("3", destination.Get(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("4", destination.Get(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ("5", destination.Get(4));
+}
+
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, CopyFrom) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> source, destination;
+  source.Add()->assign("4");
+  source.Add()->assign("5");
+  destination.Add()->assign("1");
+  destination.Add()->assign("2");
+  destination.Add()->assign("3");
+
+  destination.CopyFrom(source);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, destination.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("4", destination.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("5", destination.Get(1));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, CopyFromSelf) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> me;
+  me.Add()->assign("1");
+  me.CopyFrom(me);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, me.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", me.Get(0));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, Erase) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> me;
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::iterator it = me.erase(me.begin(), me.end());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(me.begin() == it);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, me.size());
+
+  *me.Add() = "1";
+  *me.Add() = "2";
+  *me.Add() = "3";
+  it = me.erase(me.begin(), me.end());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(me.begin() == it);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, me.size());
+
+  *me.Add() = "4";
+  *me.Add() = "5";
+  *me.Add() = "6";
+  it = me.erase(me.begin() + 2, me.end());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(me.begin() + 2 == it);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, me.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("4", me.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("5", me.Get(1));
+
+  *me.Add() = "6";
+  *me.Add() = "7";
+  *me.Add() = "8";
+  it = me.erase(me.begin() + 1, me.begin() + 3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(me.begin() + 1 == it);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, me.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("4", me.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("7", me.Get(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("8", me.Get(2));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, CopyConstruct) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> source;
+  source.Add()->assign("1");
+  source.Add()->assign("2");
+
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> destination(source);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, destination.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", destination.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("2", destination.Get(1));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, IteratorConstruct_String) {
+  std::vector<std::string> values;
+  values.push_back("1");
+  values.push_back("2");
+
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_EQ(values.size(), field.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(values[0], field.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(values[1], field.Get(1));
+
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> other(field.begin(), field.end());
+  ASSERT_EQ(values.size(), other.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(values[0], other.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(values[1], other.Get(1));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, IteratorConstruct_Proto) {
+  typedef TestAllTypes::NestedMessage Nested;
+  std::vector<Nested> values;
+  values.push_back(Nested());
+  values.back().set_bb(1);
+  values.push_back(Nested());
+  values.back().set_bb(2);
+
+  RepeatedPtrField<Nested> field(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_EQ(values.size(), field.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(values[0].bb(), field.Get(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(values[1].bb(), field.Get(1).bb());
+
+  RepeatedPtrField<Nested> other(field.begin(), field.end());
+  ASSERT_EQ(values.size(), other.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(values[0].bb(), other.Get(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(values[1].bb(), other.Get(1).bb());
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, CopyAssign) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> source, destination;
+  source.Add()->assign("4");
+  source.Add()->assign("5");
+  destination.Add()->assign("1");
+  destination.Add()->assign("2");
+  destination.Add()->assign("3");
+
+  destination = source;
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, destination.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("4", destination.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("5", destination.Get(1));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, SelfAssign) {
+  // Verify that assignment to self does not destroy data.
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> source, *p;
+  p = &source;
+  source.Add()->assign("7");
+  source.Add()->assign("8");
+
+  *p = source;
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, source.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("7", source.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("8", source.Get(1));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, MoveConstruct) {
+  {
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string> source;
+    *source.Add() = "1";
+    *source.Add() = "2";
+    const std::string* const* data = source.data();
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string> destination = std::move(source);
+    EXPECT_EQ(data, destination.data());
+    EXPECT_THAT(destination, ElementsAre("1", "2"));
+    // This property isn't guaranteed but it's useful to have a test that would
+    // catch changes in this area.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(source.empty());
+  }
+  {
+    Arena arena;
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* source =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>>(&arena);
+    *source->Add() = "1";
+    *source->Add() = "2";
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string> destination = std::move(*source);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, destination.GetArena());
+    EXPECT_THAT(destination, ElementsAre("1", "2"));
+    // This property isn't guaranteed but it's useful to have a test that would
+    // catch changes in this area.
+    EXPECT_THAT(*source, ElementsAre("1", "2"));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, MoveAssign) {
+  {
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string> source;
+    *source.Add() = "1";
+    *source.Add() = "2";
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string> destination;
+    *destination.Add() = "3";
+    const std::string* const* source_data = source.data();
+    const std::string* const* destination_data = destination.data();
+    destination = std::move(source);
+    EXPECT_EQ(source_data, destination.data());
+    EXPECT_THAT(destination, ElementsAre("1", "2"));
+    // This property isn't guaranteed but it's useful to have a test that would
+    // catch changes in this area.
+    EXPECT_EQ(destination_data, source.data());
+    EXPECT_THAT(source, ElementsAre("3"));
+  }
+  {
+    Arena arena;
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* source =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>>(&arena);
+    *source->Add() = "1";
+    *source->Add() = "2";
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* destination =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>>(&arena);
+    *destination->Add() = "3";
+    const std::string* const* source_data = source->data();
+    const std::string* const* destination_data = destination->data();
+    *destination = std::move(*source);
+    EXPECT_EQ(source_data, destination->data());
+    EXPECT_THAT(*destination, ElementsAre("1", "2"));
+    // This property isn't guaranteed but it's useful to have a test that would
+    // catch changes in this area.
+    EXPECT_EQ(destination_data, source->data());
+    EXPECT_THAT(*source, ElementsAre("3"));
+  }
+  {
+    Arena source_arena;
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* source =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>>(&source_arena);
+    *source->Add() = "1";
+    *source->Add() = "2";
+    Arena destination_arena;
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* destination =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>>(&destination_arena);
+    *destination->Add() = "3";
+    *destination = std::move(*source);
+    EXPECT_THAT(*destination, ElementsAre("1", "2"));
+    // This property isn't guaranteed but it's useful to have a test that would
+    // catch changes in this area.
+    EXPECT_THAT(*source, ElementsAre("1", "2"));
+  }
+  {
+    Arena arena;
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* source =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>>(&arena);
+    *source->Add() = "1";
+    *source->Add() = "2";
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string> destination;
+    *destination.Add() = "3";
+    destination = std::move(*source);
+    EXPECT_THAT(destination, ElementsAre("1", "2"));
+    // This property isn't guaranteed but it's useful to have a test that would
+    // catch changes in this area.
+    EXPECT_THAT(*source, ElementsAre("1", "2"));
+  }
+  {
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string> source;
+    *source.Add() = "1";
+    *source.Add() = "2";
+    Arena arena;
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* destination =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>>(&arena);
+    *destination->Add() = "3";
+    *destination = std::move(source);
+    EXPECT_THAT(*destination, ElementsAre("1", "2"));
+    // This property isn't guaranteed but it's useful to have a test that would
+    // catch changes in this area.
+    EXPECT_THAT(source, ElementsAre("1", "2"));
+  }
+  {
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field;
+    // An alias to defeat -Wself-move.
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& alias = field;
+    *field.Add() = "1";
+    *field.Add() = "2";
+    const std::string* const* data = field.data();
+    field = std::move(alias);
+    EXPECT_EQ(data, field.data());
+    EXPECT_THAT(field, ElementsAre("1", "2"));
+  }
+  {
+    Arena arena;
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* field =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<std::string>>(&arena);
+    *field->Add() = "1";
+    *field->Add() = "2";
+    const std::string* const* data = field->data();
+    *field = std::move(*field);
+    EXPECT_EQ(data, field->data());
+    EXPECT_THAT(*field, ElementsAre("1", "2"));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, MutableDataIsMutable) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field;
+  *field.Add() = "1";
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", field.Get(0));
+  // The fact that this line compiles would be enough, but we'll check the
+  // value anyway.
+  std::string** data = field.mutable_data();
+  **data = "2";
+  EXPECT_EQ("2", field.Get(0));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, SubscriptOperators) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field;
+  *field.Add() = "1";
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", field.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", field[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Mutable(0), &field[0]);
+  const RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& const_field = field;
+  EXPECT_EQ(*field.data(), &const_field[0]);
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, ExtractSubrange) {
+  // Exhaustively test every subrange in arrays of all sizes from 0 through 9
+  // with 0 through 3 cleared elements at the end.
+  for (int sz = 0; sz < 10; ++sz) {
+    for (int num = 0; num <= sz; ++num) {
+      for (int start = 0; start < sz - num; ++start) {
+        for (int extra = 0; extra < 4; ++extra) {
+          std::vector<std::string*> subject;
+
+          // Create an array with "sz" elements and "extra" cleared elements.
+          RepeatedPtrField<std::string> field;
+          for (int i = 0; i < sz + extra; ++i) {
+            subject.push_back(new std::string());
+            field.AddAllocated(subject[i]);
+          }
+          EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), sz + extra);
+          for (int i = 0; i < extra; ++i) field.RemoveLast();
+          EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), sz);
+          EXPECT_EQ(field.ClearedCount(), extra);
+
+          // Create a catcher array and call ExtractSubrange.
+          std::string* catcher[10];
+          for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) catcher[i] = NULL;
+          field.ExtractSubrange(start, num, catcher);
+
+          // Does the resulting array have the right size?
+          EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), sz - num);
+
+          // Were the removed elements extracted into the catcher array?
+          for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
+            EXPECT_EQ(catcher[i], subject[start + i]);
+          EXPECT_EQ(NULL, catcher[num]);
+
+          // Does the resulting array contain the right values?
+          for (int i = 0; i < start; ++i)
+            EXPECT_EQ(field.Mutable(i), subject[i]);
+          for (int i = start; i < field.size(); ++i)
+            EXPECT_EQ(field.Mutable(i), subject[i + num]);
+
+          // Reinstate the cleared elements.
+          EXPECT_EQ(field.ClearedCount(), extra);
+          for (int i = 0; i < extra; ++i) field.Add();
+          EXPECT_EQ(field.ClearedCount(), 0);
+          EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), sz - num + extra);
+
+          // Make sure the extra elements are all there (in some order).
+          for (int i = sz; i < sz + extra; ++i) {
+            int count = 0;
+            for (int j = sz; j < sz + extra; ++j) {
+              if (field.Mutable(j - num) == subject[i]) count += 1;
+            }
+            EXPECT_EQ(count, 1);
+          }
+
+          // Release the caught elements.
+          for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) delete catcher[i];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, DeleteSubrange) {
+  // DeleteSubrange is a trivial extension of ExtendSubrange.
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+// Iterator tests stolen from net/proto/proto-array_unittest.
+class RepeatedFieldIteratorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+      proto_array_.Add(i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  RepeatedField<int> proto_array_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldIteratorTest, Convertible) {
+  RepeatedField<int>::iterator iter = proto_array_.begin();
+  RepeatedField<int>::const_iterator c_iter = iter;
+  RepeatedField<int>::value_type value = *c_iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldIteratorTest, MutableIteration) {
+  RepeatedField<int>::iterator iter = proto_array_.begin();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, *iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, *iter++);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, *iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(proto_array_.end() == iter);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, *(proto_array_.end() - 1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldIteratorTest, ConstIteration) {
+  const RepeatedField<int>& const_proto_array = proto_array_;
+  RepeatedField<int>::const_iterator iter = const_proto_array.begin();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, *iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, *iter++);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, *iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(proto_array_.end() == iter);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, *(proto_array_.end() - 1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldIteratorTest, Mutation) {
+  RepeatedField<int>::iterator iter = proto_array_.begin();
+  *iter = 7;
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, proto_array_.Get(0));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class RepeatedPtrFieldIteratorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    proto_array_.Add()->assign("foo");
+    proto_array_.Add()->assign("bar");
+    proto_array_.Add()->assign("baz");
+  }
+
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> proto_array_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldIteratorTest, Convertible) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::iterator iter = proto_array_.begin();
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_iterator c_iter = iter;
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::value_type value = *c_iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldIteratorTest, MutableIteration) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::iterator iter = proto_array_.begin();
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", *iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", *(iter++));
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", *iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(proto_array_.end() == iter);
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", *(--proto_array_.end()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldIteratorTest, ConstIteration) {
+  const RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& const_proto_array = proto_array_;
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_iterator iter =
+      const_proto_array.begin();
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", *iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", *(iter++));
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", *iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(const_proto_array.end() == iter);
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", *(--const_proto_array.end()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldIteratorTest, MutableReverseIteration) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::reverse_iterator iter = proto_array_.rbegin();
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", *iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", *(iter++));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", *iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(proto_array_.rend() == iter);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", *(--proto_array_.rend()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldIteratorTest, ConstReverseIteration) {
+  const RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& const_proto_array = proto_array_;
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_reverse_iterator iter =
+      const_proto_array.rbegin();
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", *iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", *(iter++));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", *iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(const_proto_array.rend() == iter);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", *(--const_proto_array.rend()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldIteratorTest, RandomAccess) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::iterator iter = proto_array_.begin();
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::iterator iter2 = iter;
+  ++iter2;
+  ++iter2;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter + 2 == iter2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter == iter2 - 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", iter[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", *(iter + 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, proto_array_.end() - proto_array_.begin());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldIteratorTest, Comparable) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_iterator iter = proto_array_.begin();
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_iterator iter2 = iter + 1;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter == iter);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != iter2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter < iter2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter <= iter2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter <= iter);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter2 > iter);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter2 >= iter);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter >= iter);
+}
+
+// Uninitialized iterator does not point to any of the RepeatedPtrField.
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldIteratorTest, UninitializedIterator) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::iterator iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != proto_array_.begin());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != proto_array_.begin() + 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != proto_array_.begin() + 2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != proto_array_.begin() + 3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != proto_array_.end());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldIteratorTest, STLAlgorithms_lower_bound) {
+  proto_array_.Clear();
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("a");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("c");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("d");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("n");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("p");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("x");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("y");
+
+  std::string v = "f";
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_iterator it =
+      std::lower_bound(proto_array_.begin(), proto_array_.end(), v);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(*it, "n");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it == proto_array_.begin() + 3);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldIteratorTest, Mutation) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::iterator iter = proto_array_.begin();
+  *iter = "qux";
+  EXPECT_EQ("qux", proto_array_.Get(0));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    proto_array_.Add()->assign("foo");
+    proto_array_.Add()->assign("bar");
+    proto_array_.Add()->assign("baz");
+    const_proto_array_ = &proto_array_;
+  }
+
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string> proto_array_;
+  const RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* const_proto_array_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, ConvertiblePtr) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::pointer_iterator iter =
+      proto_array_.pointer_begin();
+  static_cast<void>(iter);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, ConvertibleConstPtr) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_pointer_iterator iter =
+      const_proto_array_->pointer_begin();
+  static_cast<void>(iter);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, MutablePtrIteration) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::pointer_iterator iter =
+      proto_array_.pointer_begin();
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", **iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", **(iter++));
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", **iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(proto_array_.pointer_end() == iter);
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", **(--proto_array_.pointer_end()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, MutableConstPtrIteration) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_pointer_iterator iter =
+      const_proto_array_->pointer_begin();
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", **iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", **(iter++));
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", **iter);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(const_proto_array_->pointer_end() == iter);
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", **(--const_proto_array_->pointer_end()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, RandomPtrAccess) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::pointer_iterator iter =
+      proto_array_.pointer_begin();
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::pointer_iterator iter2 = iter;
+  ++iter2;
+  ++iter2;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter + 2 == iter2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter == iter2 - 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", *iter[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", **(iter + 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, proto_array_.end() - proto_array_.begin());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, RandomConstPtrAccess) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_pointer_iterator iter =
+      const_proto_array_->pointer_begin();
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_pointer_iterator iter2 = iter;
+  ++iter2;
+  ++iter2;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter + 2 == iter2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter == iter2 - 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", *iter[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", **(iter + 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, const_proto_array_->end() - const_proto_array_->begin());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, ComparablePtr) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::pointer_iterator iter =
+      proto_array_.pointer_begin();
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::pointer_iterator iter2 = iter + 1;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter == iter);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != iter2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter < iter2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter <= iter2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter <= iter);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter2 > iter);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter2 >= iter);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter >= iter);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, ComparableConstPtr) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_pointer_iterator iter =
+      const_proto_array_->pointer_begin();
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_pointer_iterator iter2 = iter + 1;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter == iter);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != iter2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter < iter2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter <= iter2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter <= iter);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter2 > iter);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter2 >= iter);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter >= iter);
+}
+
+// Uninitialized iterator does not point to any of the RepeatedPtrOverPtrs.
+// Dereferencing an uninitialized iterator crashes the process.
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, UninitializedPtrIterator) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::pointer_iterator iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != proto_array_.pointer_begin());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != proto_array_.pointer_begin() + 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != proto_array_.pointer_begin() + 2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != proto_array_.pointer_begin() + 3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != proto_array_.pointer_end());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, UninitializedConstPtrIterator) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_pointer_iterator iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != const_proto_array_->pointer_begin());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != const_proto_array_->pointer_begin() + 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != const_proto_array_->pointer_begin() + 2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != const_proto_array_->pointer_begin() + 3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter != const_proto_array_->pointer_end());
+}
+
+// This comparison functor is required by the tests for RepeatedPtrOverPtrs.
+// They operate on strings and need to compare strings as strings in
+// any stl algorithm, even though the iterator returns a pointer to a
+// string
+// - i.e. *iter has type std::string*.
+struct StringLessThan {
+  bool operator()(const std::string* z, const std::string* y) const {
+    return *z < *y;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, PtrSTLAlgorithms_lower_bound) {
+  proto_array_.Clear();
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("a");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("c");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("d");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("n");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("p");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("x");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("y");
+
+  {
+    std::string v = "f";
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::pointer_iterator it =
+        std::lower_bound(proto_array_.pointer_begin(),
+                         proto_array_.pointer_end(), &v, StringLessThan());
+
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(*it != NULL);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(**it, "n");
+    EXPECT_TRUE(it == proto_array_.pointer_begin() + 3);
+  }
+  {
+    std::string v = "f";
+    RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::const_pointer_iterator it = std::lower_bound(
+        const_proto_array_->pointer_begin(), const_proto_array_->pointer_end(),
+        &v, StringLessThan());
+
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(*it != NULL);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(**it, "n");
+    EXPECT_TRUE(it == const_proto_array_->pointer_begin() + 3);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, PtrMutation) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<std::string>::pointer_iterator iter =
+      proto_array_.pointer_begin();
+  **iter = "qux";
+  EXPECT_EQ("qux", proto_array_.Get(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", proto_array_.Get(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", proto_array_.Get(2));
+  ++iter;
+  delete *iter;
+  *iter = new std::string("a");
+  ++iter;
+  delete *iter;
+  *iter = new std::string("b");
+  EXPECT_EQ("a", proto_array_.Get(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("b", proto_array_.Get(2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, Sort) {
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("c");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("d");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("n");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("p");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("a");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("y");
+  proto_array_.Add()->assign("x");
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", proto_array_.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("n", proto_array_.Get(5));
+  EXPECT_EQ("x", proto_array_.Get(9));
+  std::sort(proto_array_.pointer_begin(), proto_array_.pointer_end(),
+            StringLessThan());
+  EXPECT_EQ("a", proto_array_.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz", proto_array_.Get(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("y", proto_array_.Get(9));
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Unit-tests for the insert iterators
+// google::protobuf::RepeatedFieldBackInserter,
+// google::protobuf::AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter
+// Ported from util/gtl/proto-array-iterators_unittest.
+
+class RepeatedFieldInsertionIteratorsTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  std::list<double> halves;
+  std::list<int> fibonacci;
+  std::vector<std::string> words;
+  typedef TestAllTypes::NestedMessage Nested;
+  Nested nesteds[2];
+  std::vector<Nested*> nested_ptrs;
+  TestAllTypes protobuffer;
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    fibonacci.push_back(1);
+    fibonacci.push_back(1);
+    fibonacci.push_back(2);
+    fibonacci.push_back(3);
+    fibonacci.push_back(5);
+    fibonacci.push_back(8);
+    std::copy(fibonacci.begin(), fibonacci.end(),
+              RepeatedFieldBackInserter(protobuffer.mutable_repeated_int32()));
+
+    halves.push_back(1.0);
+    halves.push_back(0.5);
+    halves.push_back(0.25);
+    halves.push_back(0.125);
+    halves.push_back(0.0625);
+    std::copy(halves.begin(), halves.end(),
+              RepeatedFieldBackInserter(protobuffer.mutable_repeated_double()));
+
+    words.push_back("Able");
+    words.push_back("was");
+    words.push_back("I");
+    words.push_back("ere");
+    words.push_back("I");
+    words.push_back("saw");
+    words.push_back("Elba");
+    std::copy(words.begin(), words.end(),
+              RepeatedFieldBackInserter(protobuffer.mutable_repeated_string()));
+
+    nesteds[0].set_bb(17);
+    nesteds[1].set_bb(4711);
+    std::copy(&nesteds[0], &nesteds[2],
+              RepeatedFieldBackInserter(
+                  protobuffer.mutable_repeated_nested_message()));
+
+    nested_ptrs.push_back(new Nested);
+    nested_ptrs.back()->set_bb(170);
+    nested_ptrs.push_back(new Nested);
+    nested_ptrs.back()->set_bb(47110);
+    std::copy(nested_ptrs.begin(), nested_ptrs.end(),
+              RepeatedFieldBackInserter(
+                  protobuffer.mutable_repeated_nested_message()));
+  }
+
+  virtual void TearDown() {
+    for (auto ptr : nested_ptrs) {
+      delete ptr;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldInsertionIteratorsTest, Fibonacci) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(fibonacci.begin(), fibonacci.end(),
+                         protobuffer.repeated_int32().begin()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(protobuffer.repeated_int32().begin(),
+                         protobuffer.repeated_int32().end(),
+                         fibonacci.begin()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldInsertionIteratorsTest, Halves) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(halves.begin(), halves.end(),
+                         protobuffer.repeated_double().begin()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(protobuffer.repeated_double().begin(),
+                         protobuffer.repeated_double().end(), halves.begin()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldInsertionIteratorsTest, Words) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(words.size(), protobuffer.repeated_string_size());
+  for (int i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i)
+    EXPECT_EQ(words.at(i), protobuffer.repeated_string(i));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldInsertionIteratorsTest, Words2) {
+  words.clear();
+  words.push_back("sing");
+  words.push_back("a");
+  words.push_back("song");
+  words.push_back("of");
+  words.push_back("six");
+  words.push_back("pence");
+  protobuffer.mutable_repeated_string()->Clear();
+  std::copy(
+      words.begin(), words.end(),
+      RepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter(protobuffer.mutable_repeated_string()));
+  ASSERT_EQ(words.size(), protobuffer.repeated_string_size());
+  for (int i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i)
+    EXPECT_EQ(words.at(i), protobuffer.repeated_string(i));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldInsertionIteratorsTest, Nesteds) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(protobuffer.repeated_nested_message_size(), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(protobuffer.repeated_nested_message(0).bb(), 17);
+  EXPECT_EQ(protobuffer.repeated_nested_message(1).bb(), 4711);
+  EXPECT_EQ(protobuffer.repeated_nested_message(2).bb(), 170);
+  EXPECT_EQ(protobuffer.repeated_nested_message(3).bb(), 47110);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldInsertionIteratorsTest,
+       AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldWithStringIntData) {
+  std::vector<Nested*> data;
+  TestAllTypes goldenproto;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    Nested* new_data = new Nested;
+    new_data->set_bb(i);
+    data.push_back(new_data);
+
+    new_data = goldenproto.add_repeated_nested_message();
+    new_data->set_bb(i);
+  }
+  TestAllTypes testproto;
+  std::copy(data.begin(), data.end(),
+            AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter(
+                testproto.mutable_repeated_nested_message()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(testproto.DebugString(), goldenproto.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldInsertionIteratorsTest,
+       AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldWithString) {
+  std::vector<std::string*> data;
+  TestAllTypes goldenproto;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    std::string* new_data = new std::string;
+    *new_data = "name-" + StrCat(i);
+    data.push_back(new_data);
+
+    new_data = goldenproto.add_repeated_string();
+    *new_data = "name-" + StrCat(i);
+  }
+  TestAllTypes testproto;
+  std::copy(data.begin(), data.end(),
+            AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter(
+                testproto.mutable_repeated_string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(testproto.DebugString(), goldenproto.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldInsertionIteratorsTest,
+       UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldWithStringIntData) {
+  std::vector<Nested*> data;
+  TestAllTypes goldenproto;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    Nested* new_data = new Nested;
+    new_data->set_bb(i);
+    data.push_back(new_data);
+
+    new_data = goldenproto.add_repeated_nested_message();
+    new_data->set_bb(i);
+  }
+  TestAllTypes testproto;
+  std::copy(data.begin(), data.end(),
+            UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter(
+                testproto.mutable_repeated_nested_message()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(testproto.DebugString(), goldenproto.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldInsertionIteratorsTest,
+       UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldWithString) {
+  std::vector<std::string*> data;
+  TestAllTypes goldenproto;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    std::string* new_data = new std::string;
+    *new_data = "name-" + StrCat(i);
+    data.push_back(new_data);
+
+    new_data = goldenproto.add_repeated_string();
+    *new_data = "name-" + StrCat(i);
+  }
+  TestAllTypes testproto;
+  std::copy(data.begin(), data.end(),
+            UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter(
+                testproto.mutable_repeated_string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(testproto.DebugString(), goldenproto.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldInsertionIteratorsTest, MoveStrings) {
+  std::vector<std::string> src = {"a", "b", "c", "d"};
+  std::vector<std::string> copy =
+      src;  // copy since move leaves in undefined state
+  TestAllTypes testproto;
+  std::move(copy.begin(), copy.end(),
+            RepeatedFieldBackInserter(testproto.mutable_repeated_string()));
+
+  ASSERT_THAT(testproto.repeated_string(), testing::ElementsAreArray(src));
+}
+
+TEST_F(RepeatedFieldInsertionIteratorsTest, MoveProtos) {
+  auto make_nested = [](int32 x) {
+    Nested ret;
+    ret.set_bb(x);
+    return ret;
+  };
+  std::vector<Nested> src = {make_nested(3), make_nested(5), make_nested(7)};
+  std::vector<Nested> copy = src;  // copy since move leaves in undefined state
+  TestAllTypes testproto;
+  std::move(
+      copy.begin(), copy.end(),
+      RepeatedFieldBackInserter(testproto.mutable_repeated_nested_message()));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(src.size(), testproto.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  for (int i = 0; i < src.size(); ++i) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(src[i].DebugString(),
+              testproto.repeated_nested_message(i).DebugString());
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/service.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/service.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53945684c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/service.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/service.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+Service::~Service() {}
+RpcChannel::~RpcChannel() {}
+RpcController::~RpcController() {}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/service.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/service.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6b4ab82e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/service.h
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// DEPRECATED:  This module declares the abstract interfaces underlying proto2
+// RPC services.  These are intented to be independent of any particular RPC
+// implementation, so that proto2 services can be used on top of a variety
+// of implementations.  Starting with version 2.3.0, RPC implementations should
+// not try to build on these, but should instead provide code generator plugins
+// which generate code specific to the particular RPC implementation.  This way
+// the generated code can be more appropriate for the implementation in use
+// and can avoid unnecessary layers of indirection.
+//
+//
+// When you use the protocol compiler to compile a service definition, it
+// generates two classes:  An abstract interface for the service (with
+// methods matching the service definition) and a "stub" implementation.
+// A stub is just a type-safe wrapper around an RpcChannel which emulates a
+// local implementation of the service.
+//
+// For example, the service definition:
+//   service MyService {
+//     rpc Foo(MyRequest) returns(MyResponse);
+//   }
+// will generate abstract interface "MyService" and class "MyService::Stub".
+// You could implement a MyService as follows:
+//   class MyServiceImpl : public MyService {
+//    public:
+//     MyServiceImpl() {}
+//     ~MyServiceImpl() {}
+//
+//     // implements MyService ---------------------------------------
+//
+//     void Foo(google::protobuf::RpcController* controller,
+//              const MyRequest* request,
+//              MyResponse* response,
+//              Closure* done) {
+//       // ... read request and fill in response ...
+//       done->Run();
+//     }
+//   };
+// You would then register an instance of MyServiceImpl with your RPC server
+// implementation.  (How to do that depends on the implementation.)
+//
+// To call a remote MyServiceImpl, first you need an RpcChannel connected to it.
+// How to construct a channel depends, again, on your RPC implementation.
+// Here we use a hypothetical "MyRpcChannel" as an example:
+//   MyRpcChannel channel("rpc:hostname:1234/myservice");
+//   MyRpcController controller;
+//   MyServiceImpl::Stub stub(&channel);
+//   FooRequest request;
+//   FooResponse response;
+//
+//   // ... fill in request ...
+//
+//   stub.Foo(&controller, request, &response, NewCallback(HandleResponse));
+//
+// On Thread-Safety:
+//
+// Different RPC implementations may make different guarantees about what
+// threads they may run callbacks on, and what threads the application is
+// allowed to use to call the RPC system.  Portable software should be ready
+// for callbacks to be called on any thread, but should not try to call the
+// RPC system from any thread except for the ones on which it received the
+// callbacks.  Realistically, though, simple software will probably want to
+// use a single-threaded RPC system while high-end software will want to
+// use multiple threads.  RPC implementations should provide multiple
+// choices.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SERVICE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SERVICE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Defined in this file.
+class Service;
+class RpcController;
+class RpcChannel;
+
+// Defined in other files.
+class Descriptor;         // descriptor.h
+class ServiceDescriptor;  // descriptor.h
+class MethodDescriptor;   // descriptor.h
+class Message;            // message.h
+
+// Abstract base interface for protocol-buffer-based RPC services.  Services
+// themselves are abstract interfaces (implemented either by servers or as
+// stubs), but they subclass this base interface.  The methods of this
+// interface can be used to call the methods of the Service without knowing
+// its exact type at compile time (analogous to Reflection).
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Service {
+ public:
+  inline Service() {}
+  virtual ~Service();
+
+  // When constructing a stub, you may pass STUB_OWNS_CHANNEL as the second
+  // parameter to the constructor to tell it to delete its RpcChannel when
+  // destroyed.
+  enum ChannelOwnership { STUB_OWNS_CHANNEL, STUB_DOESNT_OWN_CHANNEL };
+
+  // Get the ServiceDescriptor describing this service and its methods.
+  virtual const ServiceDescriptor* GetDescriptor() = 0;
+
+  // Call a method of the service specified by MethodDescriptor.  This is
+  // normally implemented as a simple switch() that calls the standard
+  // definitions of the service's methods.
+  //
+  // Preconditions:
+  // * method->service() == GetDescriptor()
+  // * request and response are of the exact same classes as the objects
+  //   returned by GetRequestPrototype(method) and
+  //   GetResponsePrototype(method).
+  // * After the call has started, the request must not be modified and the
+  //   response must not be accessed at all until "done" is called.
+  // * "controller" is of the correct type for the RPC implementation being
+  //   used by this Service.  For stubs, the "correct type" depends on the
+  //   RpcChannel which the stub is using.  Server-side Service
+  //   implementations are expected to accept whatever type of RpcController
+  //   the server-side RPC implementation uses.
+  //
+  // Postconditions:
+  // * "done" will be called when the method is complete.  This may be
+  //   before CallMethod() returns or it may be at some point in the future.
+  // * If the RPC succeeded, "response" contains the response returned by
+  //   the server.
+  // * If the RPC failed, "response"'s contents are undefined.  The
+  //   RpcController can be queried to determine if an error occurred and
+  //   possibly to get more information about the error.
+  virtual void CallMethod(const MethodDescriptor* method,
+                          RpcController* controller, const Message* request,
+                          Message* response, Closure* done) = 0;
+
+  // CallMethod() requires that the request and response passed in are of a
+  // particular subclass of Message.  GetRequestPrototype() and
+  // GetResponsePrototype() get the default instances of these required types.
+  // You can then call Message::New() on these instances to construct mutable
+  // objects which you can then pass to CallMethod().
+  //
+  // Example:
+  //   const MethodDescriptor* method =
+  //     service->GetDescriptor()->FindMethodByName("Foo");
+  //   Message* request  = stub->GetRequestPrototype (method)->New();
+  //   Message* response = stub->GetResponsePrototype(method)->New();
+  //   request->ParseFromString(input);
+  //   service->CallMethod(method, *request, response, callback);
+  virtual const Message& GetRequestPrototype(
+      const MethodDescriptor* method) const = 0;
+  virtual const Message& GetResponsePrototype(
+      const MethodDescriptor* method) const = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Service);
+};
+
+// An RpcController mediates a single method call.  The primary purpose of
+// the controller is to provide a way to manipulate settings specific to the
+// RPC implementation and to find out about RPC-level errors.
+//
+// The methods provided by the RpcController interface are intended to be a
+// "least common denominator" set of features which we expect all
+// implementations to support.  Specific implementations may provide more
+// advanced features (e.g. deadline propagation).
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT RpcController {
+ public:
+  inline RpcController() {}
+  virtual ~RpcController();
+
+  // Client-side methods ---------------------------------------------
+  // These calls may be made from the client side only.  Their results
+  // are undefined on the server side (may crash).
+
+  // Resets the RpcController to its initial state so that it may be reused in
+  // a new call.  Must not be called while an RPC is in progress.
+  virtual void Reset() = 0;
+
+  // After a call has finished, returns true if the call failed.  The possible
+  // reasons for failure depend on the RPC implementation.  Failed() must not
+  // be called before a call has finished.  If Failed() returns true, the
+  // contents of the response message are undefined.
+  virtual bool Failed() const = 0;
+
+  // If Failed() is true, returns a human-readable description of the error.
+  virtual std::string ErrorText() const = 0;
+
+  // Advises the RPC system that the caller desires that the RPC call be
+  // canceled.  The RPC system may cancel it immediately, may wait awhile and
+  // then cancel it, or may not even cancel the call at all.  If the call is
+  // canceled, the "done" callback will still be called and the RpcController
+  // will indicate that the call failed at that time.
+  virtual void StartCancel() = 0;
+
+  // Server-side methods ---------------------------------------------
+  // These calls may be made from the server side only.  Their results
+  // are undefined on the client side (may crash).
+
+  // Causes Failed() to return true on the client side.  "reason" will be
+  // incorporated into the message returned by ErrorText().  If you find
+  // you need to return machine-readable information about failures, you
+  // should incorporate it into your response protocol buffer and should
+  // NOT call SetFailed().
+  virtual void SetFailed(const std::string& reason) = 0;
+
+  // If true, indicates that the client canceled the RPC, so the server may
+  // as well give up on replying to it.  The server should still call the
+  // final "done" callback.
+  virtual bool IsCanceled() const = 0;
+
+  // Asks that the given callback be called when the RPC is canceled.  The
+  // callback will always be called exactly once.  If the RPC completes without
+  // being canceled, the callback will be called after completion.  If the RPC
+  // has already been canceled when NotifyOnCancel() is called, the callback
+  // will be called immediately.
+  //
+  // NotifyOnCancel() must be called no more than once per request.
+  virtual void NotifyOnCancel(Closure* callback) = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RpcController);
+};
+
+// Abstract interface for an RPC channel.  An RpcChannel represents a
+// communication line to a Service which can be used to call that Service's
+// methods.  The Service may be running on another machine.  Normally, you
+// should not call an RpcChannel directly, but instead construct a stub Service
+// wrapping it.  Example:
+//   RpcChannel* channel = new MyRpcChannel("remotehost.example.com:1234");
+//   MyService* service = new MyService::Stub(channel);
+//   service->MyMethod(request, &response, callback);
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT RpcChannel {
+ public:
+  inline RpcChannel() {}
+  virtual ~RpcChannel();
+
+  // Call the given method of the remote service.  The signature of this
+  // procedure looks the same as Service::CallMethod(), but the requirements
+  // are less strict in one important way:  the request and response objects
+  // need not be of any specific class as long as their descriptors are
+  // method->input_type() and method->output_type().
+  virtual void CallMethod(const MethodDescriptor* method,
+                          RpcController* controller, const Message* request,
+                          Message* response, Closure* done) = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RpcChannel);
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SERVICE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ae94456f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/source_context.proto
+
+#include <google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class SourceContextDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<SourceContext> _instance;
+} _SourceContext_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_SourceContext_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_SourceContext_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_SourceContext_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_SourceContext_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto[1];
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor const** file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto = nullptr;
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor const** file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto = nullptr;
+
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto::offsets[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext, file_name_),
+};
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MigrationSchema schemas[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  { 0, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext)},
+};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message const * const file_default_instances[] = {
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_SourceContext_default_instance_),
+};
+
+const char descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
+  "\n$google/protobuf/source_context.proto\022\017"
+  "google.protobuf\"\"\n\rSourceContext\022\021\n\tfile"
+  "_name\030\001 \001(\tB\225\001\n\023com.google.protobufB\022Sou"
+  "rceContextProtoP\001ZAgoogle.golang.org/gen"
+  "proto/protobuf/source_context;source_con"
+  "text\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTy"
+  "pesb\006proto3"
+  ;
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_deps[1] = {
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_sccs[1] = {
+  &scc_info_SourceContext_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto.base,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_once;
+static bool descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_initialized = false;
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto = {
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_initialized, descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto, "google/protobuf/source_context.proto", 251,
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_once, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_sccs, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_deps, 1, 0,
+  schemas, file_default_instances, TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto::offsets,
+  file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto, 1, file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto, file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto,
+};
+
+// Force running AddDescriptors() at dynamic initialization time.
+static bool dynamic_init_dummy_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto = (  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AddDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto), true);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void SourceContext::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class SourceContext::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+SourceContext::SourceContext()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+}
+SourceContext::SourceContext(const SourceContext& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  file_name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_file_name().empty()) {
+    file_name_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.file_name_);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+}
+
+void SourceContext::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_SourceContext_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto.base);
+  file_name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+SourceContext::~SourceContext() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void SourceContext::SharedDtor() {
+  file_name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void SourceContext::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const SourceContext& SourceContext::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_SourceContext_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void SourceContext::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  file_name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* SourceContext::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // string file_name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_file_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* SourceContext::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string file_name = 1;
+  if (this->file_name().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_file_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_file_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_file_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t SourceContext::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string file_name = 1;
+  if (this->file_name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_file_name());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void SourceContext::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const SourceContext* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<SourceContext>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void SourceContext::MergeFrom(const SourceContext& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (from.file_name().size() > 0) {
+
+    file_name_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.file_name_);
+  }
+}
+
+void SourceContext::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void SourceContext::CopyFrom(const SourceContext& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool SourceContext::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void SourceContext::InternalSwap(SourceContext* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  file_name_.Swap(&other->file_name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata SourceContext::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext >(arena);
+}
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2861a69db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/source_context.proto
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3011000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3011004 < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace internal {
+class AnyMetadata;
+}  // namespace internal
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto {
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTableField entries[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTable schema[1]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 offsets[];
+};
+extern PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class SourceContext;
+class SourceContextDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern SourceContextDefaultTypeInternal _SourceContext_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext>(Arena*);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceContext :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.SourceContext) */ {
+ public:
+  SourceContext();
+  virtual ~SourceContext();
+
+  SourceContext(const SourceContext& from);
+  SourceContext(SourceContext&& from) noexcept
+    : SourceContext() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline SourceContext& operator=(const SourceContext& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline SourceContext& operator=(SourceContext&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const SourceContext& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const SourceContext* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const SourceContext*>(
+               &_SourceContext_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    0;
+
+  friend void swap(SourceContext& a, SourceContext& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(SourceContext* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline SourceContext* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<SourceContext>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  SourceContext* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<SourceContext>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const SourceContext& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const SourceContext& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(SourceContext* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.SourceContext";
+  }
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kFileNameFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // string file_name = 1;
+  void clear_file_name();
+  const std::string& file_name() const;
+  void set_file_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_file_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_file_name(const char* value);
+  void set_file_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_file_name();
+  std::string* release_file_name();
+  void set_allocated_file_name(std::string* file_name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_file_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_file_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_file_name();
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr file_name_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// SourceContext
+
+// string file_name = 1;
+inline void SourceContext::clear_file_name() {
+  file_name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const std::string& SourceContext::file_name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+  return _internal_file_name();
+}
+inline void SourceContext::set_file_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_file_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+}
+inline std::string* SourceContext::mutable_file_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+  return _internal_mutable_file_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& SourceContext::_internal_file_name() const {
+  return file_name_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void SourceContext::_internal_set_file_name(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  file_name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void SourceContext::set_file_name(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  file_name_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+}
+inline void SourceContext::set_file_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  file_name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+}
+inline void SourceContext::set_file_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  file_name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+}
+inline std::string* SourceContext::_internal_mutable_file_name() {
+  
+  return file_name_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* SourceContext::release_file_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+  
+  return file_name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void SourceContext::set_allocated_file_name(std::string* file_name) {
+  if (file_name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  file_name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), file_name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/source_context.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/source_context.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3b2c9668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/source_context.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "SourceContextProto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+option go_package = "google.golang.org/genproto/protobuf/source_context;source_context";
+
+// `SourceContext` represents information about the source of a
+// protobuf element, like the file in which it is defined.
+message SourceContext {
+  // The path-qualified name of the .proto file that contained the associated
+  // protobuf element.  For example: `"google/protobuf/source_context.proto"`.
+  string file_name = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15a889b12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1122 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/struct.proto
+
+#include <google/protobuf/struct.pb.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_ListValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUseDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse> _instance;
+} _Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse_default_instance_;
+class StructDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Struct> _instance;
+} _Struct_default_instance_;
+class ValueDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Value> _instance;
+  int null_value_;
+  double number_value_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr string_value_;
+  bool bool_value_;
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* struct_value_;
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* list_value_;
+} _Value_default_instance_;
+class ListValueDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<ListValue> _instance;
+} _ListValue_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_ListValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse();
+  }
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Struct_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Value_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_ListValue_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_ListValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_ListValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto[4];
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto[1];
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor const** file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto = nullptr;
+
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto::offsets[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse, _has_bits_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse, key_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse, value_),
+  0,
+  1,
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct, fields_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value, _oneof_case_[0]),
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  offsetof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ValueDefaultTypeInternal, null_value_),
+  offsetof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ValueDefaultTypeInternal, number_value_),
+  offsetof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ValueDefaultTypeInternal, string_value_),
+  offsetof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ValueDefaultTypeInternal, bool_value_),
+  offsetof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ValueDefaultTypeInternal, struct_value_),
+  offsetof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ValueDefaultTypeInternal, list_value_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value, kind_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue, values_),
+};
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MigrationSchema schemas[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  { 0, 7, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse)},
+  { 9, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct)},
+  { 15, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value)},
+  { 27, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue)},
+};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message const * const file_default_instances[] = {
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Struct_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Value_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_ListValue_default_instance_),
+};
+
+const char descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
+  "\n\034google/protobuf/struct.proto\022\017google.p"
+  "rotobuf\"\204\001\n\006Struct\0223\n\006fields\030\001 \003(\0132#.goo"
+  "gle.protobuf.Struct.FieldsEntry\032E\n\013Field"
+  "sEntry\022\013\n\003key\030\001 \001(\t\022%\n\005value\030\002 \001(\0132\026.goo"
+  "gle.protobuf.Value:\0028\001\"\352\001\n\005Value\0220\n\nnull"
+  "_value\030\001 \001(\0162\032.google.protobuf.NullValue"
+  "H\000\022\026\n\014number_value\030\002 \001(\001H\000\022\026\n\014string_val"
+  "ue\030\003 \001(\tH\000\022\024\n\nbool_value\030\004 \001(\010H\000\022/\n\014stru"
+  "ct_value\030\005 \001(\0132\027.google.protobuf.StructH"
+  "\000\0220\n\nlist_value\030\006 \001(\0132\032.google.protobuf."
+  "ListValueH\000B\006\n\004kind\"3\n\tListValue\022&\n\006valu"
+  "es\030\001 \003(\0132\026.google.protobuf.Value*\033\n\tNull"
+  "Value\022\016\n\nNULL_VALUE\020\000B\201\001\n\023com.google.pro"
+  "tobufB\013StructProtoP\001Z1github.com/golang/"
+  "protobuf/ptypes/struct;structpb\370\001\001\242\002\003GPB"
+  "\252\002\036Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto"
+  "3"
+  ;
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_deps[1] = {
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_sccs[1] = {
+  &scc_info_ListValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto.base,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_once;
+static bool descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_initialized = false;
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto = {
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_initialized, descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto, "google/protobuf/struct.proto", 641,
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_once, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_sccs, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_deps, 1, 0,
+  schemas, file_default_instances, TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto::offsets,
+  file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto, 4, file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto, file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto,
+};
+
+// Force running AddDescriptors() at dynamic initialization time.
+static bool dynamic_init_dummy_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto = (  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AddDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto), true);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* NullValue_descriptor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto);
+  return file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto[0];
+}
+bool NullValue_IsValid(int value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 0:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse::Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse() {}
+Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse::Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+    : SuperType(arena) {}
+void Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse::MergeFrom(const Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse& other) {
+  MergeFromInternal(other);
+}
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+void Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse::MergeFrom(
+    const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& other) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message::MergeFrom(other);
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Struct::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class Struct::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+Struct::Struct()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Struct)
+}
+Struct::Struct(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  fields_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Struct)
+}
+Struct::Struct(const Struct& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  fields_.MergeFrom(from.fields_);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Struct)
+}
+
+void Struct::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_ListValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto.base);
+}
+
+Struct::~Struct() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Struct::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void Struct::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Struct* _this = reinterpret_cast< Struct* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Struct::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void Struct::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Struct& Struct::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_ListValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Struct::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  fields_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Struct::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(&fields_, ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<10>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Struct::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;
+  if (!this->_internal_fields().empty()) {
+    typedef ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Map< std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >::const_pointer
+        ConstPtr;
+    typedef ConstPtr SortItem;
+    typedef ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CompareByDerefFirst<SortItem> Less;
+    struct Utf8Check {
+      static void Check(ConstPtr p) {
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+          p->first.data(), static_cast<int>(p->first.length()),
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+          "google.protobuf.Struct.FieldsEntry.key");
+      }
+    };
+
+    if (stream->IsSerializationDeterministic() &&
+        this->_internal_fields().size() > 1) {
+      ::std::unique_ptr<SortItem[]> items(
+          new SortItem[this->_internal_fields().size()]);
+      typedef ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Map< std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >::size_type size_type;
+      size_type n = 0;
+      for (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Map< std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >::const_iterator
+          it = this->_internal_fields().begin();
+          it != this->_internal_fields().end(); ++it, ++n) {
+        items[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(n)] = SortItem(&*it);
+      }
+      ::std::sort(&items[0], &items[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(n)], Less());
+      for (size_type i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        target = Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse::Funcs::InternalSerialize(1, items[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(i)]->first, items[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(i)]->second, target, stream);
+        Utf8Check::Check(&(*items[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(i)]));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Map< std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >::const_iterator
+          it = this->_internal_fields().begin();
+          it != this->_internal_fields().end(); ++it) {
+        target = Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse::Funcs::InternalSerialize(1, it->first, it->second, target, stream);
+        Utf8Check::Check(&(*it));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Struct::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FromIntSize(this->_internal_fields_size());
+  for (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Map< std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >::const_iterator
+      it = this->_internal_fields().begin();
+      it != this->_internal_fields().end(); ++it) {
+    total_size += Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse::Funcs::ByteSizeLong(it->first, it->second);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Struct::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Struct* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Struct>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Struct)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Struct)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Struct::MergeFrom(const Struct& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  fields_.MergeFrom(from.fields_);
+}
+
+void Struct::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Struct::CopyFrom(const Struct& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Struct::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Struct::InternalSwap(Struct* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  fields_.Swap(&other->fields_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Struct::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Value_default_instance_.null_value_ = 0;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Value_default_instance_.number_value_ = 0;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Value_default_instance_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(
+      &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Value_default_instance_.bool_value_ = false;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Value_default_instance_.struct_value_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct::internal_default_instance());
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Value_default_instance_.list_value_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class Value::_Internal {
+ public:
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct& struct_value(const Value* msg);
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue& list_value(const Value* msg);
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct&
+Value::_Internal::struct_value(const Value* msg) {
+  return *msg->kind_.struct_value_;
+}
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue&
+Value::_Internal::list_value(const Value* msg) {
+  return *msg->kind_.list_value_;
+}
+void Value::set_allocated_struct_value(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* struct_value) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  clear_kind();
+  if (struct_value) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::GetArena(struct_value);
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      struct_value = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, struct_value, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    set_has_struct_value();
+    kind_.struct_value_ = struct_value;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+}
+void Value::set_allocated_list_value(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* list_value) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  clear_kind();
+  if (list_value) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::GetArena(list_value);
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      list_value = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, list_value, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    set_has_list_value();
+    kind_.list_value_ = list_value;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+}
+Value::Value()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Value)
+}
+Value::Value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Value)
+}
+Value::Value(const Value& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  clear_has_kind();
+  switch (from.kind_case()) {
+    case kNullValue: {
+      _internal_set_null_value(from._internal_null_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kNumberValue: {
+      _internal_set_number_value(from._internal_number_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kStringValue: {
+      _internal_set_string_value(from._internal_string_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kBoolValue: {
+      _internal_set_bool_value(from._internal_bool_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kStructValue: {
+      _internal_mutable_struct_value()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct::MergeFrom(from._internal_struct_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kListValue: {
+      _internal_mutable_list_value()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue::MergeFrom(from._internal_list_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case KIND_NOT_SET: {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Value)
+}
+
+void Value::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_ListValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto.base);
+  clear_has_kind();
+}
+
+Value::~Value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Value)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Value::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  if (has_kind()) {
+    clear_kind();
+  }
+}
+
+void Value::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Value* _this = reinterpret_cast< Value* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Value::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void Value::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Value& Value::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_ListValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Value::clear_kind() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(one_of_clear_start:google.protobuf.Value)
+  switch (kind_case()) {
+    case kNullValue: {
+      // No need to clear
+      break;
+    }
+    case kNumberValue: {
+      // No need to clear
+      break;
+    }
+    case kStringValue: {
+      kind_.string_value_.Destroy(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+          GetArenaNoVirtual());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kBoolValue: {
+      // No need to clear
+      break;
+    }
+    case kStructValue: {
+      if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+        delete kind_.struct_value_;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case kListValue: {
+      if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+        delete kind_.list_value_;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case KIND_NOT_SET: {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  _oneof_case_[0] = KIND_NOT_SET;
+}
+
+
+void Value::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Value)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  clear_kind();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Value::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // .google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 val = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+          _internal_set_null_value(static_cast<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::NullValue>(val));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // double number_value = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 17)) {
+          _internal_set_number_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::UnalignedLoad<double>(ptr));
+          ptr += sizeof(double);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // string string_value = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_string_value();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Value.string_value"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // bool bool_value = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 32)) {
+          _internal_set_bool_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // .google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;
+      case 5:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 42)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_struct_value(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
+      case 6:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 50)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_list_value(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Value::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Value)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // .google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;
+  if (_internal_has_null_value()) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      1, this->_internal_null_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // double number_value = 2;
+  if (_internal_has_number_value()) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteDoubleToArray(2, this->_internal_number_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // string string_value = 3;
+  if (_internal_has_string_value()) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_string_value().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_string_value().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Value.string_value");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        3, this->_internal_string_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // bool bool_value = 4;
+  if (_internal_has_bool_value()) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(4, this->_internal_bool_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;
+  if (_internal_has_struct_value()) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        5, _Internal::struct_value(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
+  if (_internal_has_list_value()) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        6, _Internal::list_value(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Value)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Value::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Value)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  switch (kind_case()) {
+    // .google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;
+    case kNullValue: {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->_internal_null_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    // double number_value = 2;
+    case kNumberValue: {
+      total_size += 1 + 8;
+      break;
+    }
+    // string string_value = 3;
+    case kStringValue: {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->_internal_string_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    // bool bool_value = 4;
+    case kBoolValue: {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+      break;
+    }
+    // .google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;
+    case kStructValue: {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+          *kind_.struct_value_);
+      break;
+    }
+    // .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
+    case kListValue: {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+          *kind_.list_value_);
+      break;
+    }
+    case KIND_NOT_SET: {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Value::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Value* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Value>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Value)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Value)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Value::MergeFrom(const Value& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  switch (from.kind_case()) {
+    case kNullValue: {
+      _internal_set_null_value(from._internal_null_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kNumberValue: {
+      _internal_set_number_value(from._internal_number_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kStringValue: {
+      _internal_set_string_value(from._internal_string_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kBoolValue: {
+      _internal_set_bool_value(from._internal_bool_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kStructValue: {
+      _internal_mutable_struct_value()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct::MergeFrom(from._internal_struct_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kListValue: {
+      _internal_mutable_list_value()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue::MergeFrom(from._internal_list_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case KIND_NOT_SET: {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Value::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Value)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Value::CopyFrom(const Value& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Value)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Value::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Value::InternalSwap(Value* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(kind_, other->kind_);
+  swap(_oneof_case_[0], other->_oneof_case_[0]);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Value::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ListValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class ListValue::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+ListValue::ListValue()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+}
+ListValue::ListValue(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  values_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+}
+ListValue::ListValue(const ListValue& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      values_(from.values_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+}
+
+void ListValue::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_ListValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto.base);
+}
+
+ListValue::~ListValue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void ListValue::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void ListValue::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  ListValue* _this = reinterpret_cast< ListValue* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void ListValue::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void ListValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const ListValue& ListValue::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_ListValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void ListValue::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  values_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* ListValue::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_values(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<10>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* ListValue::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_values_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(1, this->_internal_values(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t ListValue::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_values_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->values_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void ListValue::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const ListValue* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<ListValue>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void ListValue::MergeFrom(const ListValue& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  values_.MergeFrom(from.values_);
+}
+
+void ListValue::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void ListValue::CopyFrom(const ListValue& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool ListValue::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ListValue::InternalSwap(ListValue* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  values_.InternalSwap(&other->values_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata ListValue::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue >(arena);
+}
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46363e4b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1249 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/struct.proto
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3011000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3011004 < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/map.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/map_entry.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace internal {
+class AnyMetadata;
+}  // namespace internal
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto {
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTableField entries[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTable schema[4]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 offsets[];
+};
+extern PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class ListValue;
+class ListValueDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern ListValueDefaultTypeInternal _ListValue_default_instance_;
+class Struct;
+class StructDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern StructDefaultTypeInternal _Struct_default_instance_;
+class Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse;
+class Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUseDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUseDefaultTypeInternal _Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse_default_instance_;
+class Value;
+class ValueDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern ValueDefaultTypeInternal _Value_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value>(Arena*);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+enum NullValue : int {
+  NULL_VALUE = 0,
+  NullValue_INT_MIN_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = std::numeric_limits<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32>::min(),
+  NullValue_INT_MAX_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = std::numeric_limits<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32>::max()
+};
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool NullValue_IsValid(int value);
+constexpr NullValue NullValue_MIN = NULL_VALUE;
+constexpr NullValue NullValue_MAX = NULL_VALUE;
+constexpr int NullValue_ARRAYSIZE = NullValue_MAX + 1;
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* NullValue_descriptor();
+template<typename T>
+inline const std::string& NullValue_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+  static_assert(::std::is_same<T, NullValue>::value ||
+    ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+    "Incorrect type passed to function NullValue_Name.");
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::NameOfEnum(
+    NullValue_descriptor(), enum_t_value);
+}
+inline bool NullValue_Parse(
+    const std::string& name, NullValue* value) {
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseNamedEnum<NullValue>(
+    NullValue_descriptor(), name, value);
+}
+// ===================================================================
+
+class Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse : public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MapEntry<Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse, 
+    std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value,
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING,
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+    0 > {
+public:
+  typedef ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MapEntry<Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse, 
+    std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value,
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING,
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+    0 > SuperType;
+  Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse();
+  Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  void MergeFrom(const Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse& other);
+  static const Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse* internal_default_instance() { return reinterpret_cast<const Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse*>(&_Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse_default_instance_); }
+  static bool ValidateKey(std::string* s) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(s->data(), static_cast<int>(s->size()), ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::PARSE, "google.protobuf.Struct.FieldsEntry.key");
+ }
+  static bool ValidateValue(void*) { return true; }
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& other) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto.file_level_metadata[0];
+  }
+
+  public:
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Struct :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Struct) */ {
+ public:
+  Struct();
+  virtual ~Struct();
+
+  Struct(const Struct& from);
+  Struct(Struct&& from) noexcept
+    : Struct() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Struct& operator=(const Struct& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Struct& operator=(Struct&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Struct& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Struct* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Struct*>(
+               &_Struct_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    1;
+
+  friend void swap(Struct& a, Struct& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Struct* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Struct* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Struct* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Struct>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Struct* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Struct>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Struct& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Struct& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Struct* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Struct";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit Struct(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kFieldsFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;
+  int fields_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_fields_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_fields();
+  private:
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Map< std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >&
+      _internal_fields() const;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Map< std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >*
+      _internal_mutable_fields();
+  public:
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Map< std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >&
+      fields() const;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Map< std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >*
+      mutable_fields();
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Struct)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MapField<
+      Struct_FieldsEntry_DoNotUse,
+      std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value,
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING,
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+      0 > fields_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Value :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Value) */ {
+ public:
+  Value();
+  virtual ~Value();
+
+  Value(const Value& from);
+  Value(Value&& from) noexcept
+    : Value() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Value& operator=(const Value& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Value& operator=(Value&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Value& default_instance();
+
+  enum KindCase {
+    kNullValue = 1,
+    kNumberValue = 2,
+    kStringValue = 3,
+    kBoolValue = 4,
+    kStructValue = 5,
+    kListValue = 6,
+    KIND_NOT_SET = 0,
+  };
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Value* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Value*>(
+               &_Value_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    2;
+
+  friend void swap(Value& a, Value& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Value* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Value* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Value* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Value>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Value* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Value>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Value& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Value& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Value* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Value";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit Value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kNullValueFieldNumber = 1,
+    kNumberValueFieldNumber = 2,
+    kStringValueFieldNumber = 3,
+    kBoolValueFieldNumber = 4,
+    kStructValueFieldNumber = 5,
+    kListValueFieldNumber = 6,
+  };
+  // .google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_null_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_null_value();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::NullValue null_value() const;
+  void set_null_value(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::NullValue value);
+  private:
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::NullValue _internal_null_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_null_value(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::NullValue value);
+  public:
+
+  // double number_value = 2;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_number_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_number_value();
+  double number_value() const;
+  void set_number_value(double value);
+  private:
+  double _internal_number_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_number_value(double value);
+  public:
+
+  // string string_value = 3;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_string_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_string_value();
+  const std::string& string_value() const;
+  void set_string_value(const std::string& value);
+  void set_string_value(std::string&& value);
+  void set_string_value(const char* value);
+  void set_string_value(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_string_value();
+  std::string* release_string_value();
+  void set_allocated_string_value(std::string* string_value);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_string_value();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_string_value(
+      std::string* string_value);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_string_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_string_value(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_string_value();
+  public:
+
+  // bool bool_value = 4;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_bool_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_bool_value();
+  bool bool_value() const;
+  void set_bool_value(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_bool_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_bool_value(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;
+  bool has_struct_value() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_struct_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_struct_value();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct& struct_value() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* release_struct_value();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* mutable_struct_value();
+  void set_allocated_struct_value(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* struct_value);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct& _internal_struct_value() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* _internal_mutable_struct_value();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_struct_value(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* struct_value);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* unsafe_arena_release_struct_value();
+
+  // .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
+  bool has_list_value() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_list_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_list_value();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue& list_value() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* release_list_value();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* mutable_list_value();
+  void set_allocated_list_value(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* list_value);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue& _internal_list_value() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* _internal_mutable_list_value();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_list_value(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* list_value);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* unsafe_arena_release_list_value();
+
+  void clear_kind();
+  KindCase kind_case() const;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Value)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+  void set_has_null_value();
+  void set_has_number_value();
+  void set_has_string_value();
+  void set_has_bool_value();
+  void set_has_struct_value();
+  void set_has_list_value();
+
+  inline bool has_kind() const;
+  inline void clear_has_kind();
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  union KindUnion {
+    KindUnion() {}
+    int null_value_;
+    double number_value_;
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr string_value_;
+    bool bool_value_;
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* struct_value_;
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* list_value_;
+  } kind_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 _oneof_case_[1];
+
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ListValue :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.ListValue) */ {
+ public:
+  ListValue();
+  virtual ~ListValue();
+
+  ListValue(const ListValue& from);
+  ListValue(ListValue&& from) noexcept
+    : ListValue() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline ListValue& operator=(const ListValue& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline ListValue& operator=(ListValue&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const ListValue& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const ListValue* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const ListValue*>(
+               &_ListValue_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    3;
+
+  friend void swap(ListValue& a, ListValue& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(ListValue* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(ListValue* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline ListValue* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<ListValue>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  ListValue* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<ListValue>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const ListValue& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ListValue& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(ListValue* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.ListValue";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit ListValue(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kValuesFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
+  int values_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_values_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_values();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value* mutable_values(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >*
+      mutable_values();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value& _internal_values(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value* _internal_add_values();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value& values(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value* add_values();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >&
+      values() const;
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value > values_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Struct
+
+// map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;
+inline int Struct::_internal_fields_size() const {
+  return fields_.size();
+}
+inline int Struct::fields_size() const {
+  return _internal_fields_size();
+}
+inline void Struct::clear_fields() {
+  fields_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Map< std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >&
+Struct::_internal_fields() const {
+  return fields_.GetMap();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Map< std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >&
+Struct::fields() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_map:google.protobuf.Struct.fields)
+  return _internal_fields();
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Map< std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >*
+Struct::_internal_mutable_fields() {
+  return fields_.MutableMap();
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Map< std::string, PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >*
+Struct::mutable_fields() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_map:google.protobuf.Struct.fields)
+  return _internal_mutable_fields();
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Value
+
+// .google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;
+inline bool Value::_internal_has_null_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kNullValue;
+}
+inline void Value::set_has_null_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kNullValue;
+}
+inline void Value::clear_null_value() {
+  if (_internal_has_null_value()) {
+    kind_.null_value_ = 0;
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::NullValue Value::_internal_null_value() const {
+  if (_internal_has_null_value()) {
+    return static_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::NullValue >(kind_.null_value_);
+  }
+  return static_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::NullValue >(0);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::NullValue Value::null_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.null_value)
+  return _internal_null_value();
+}
+inline void Value::_internal_set_null_value(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::NullValue value) {
+  if (!_internal_has_null_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_null_value();
+  }
+  kind_.null_value_ = value;
+}
+inline void Value::set_null_value(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::NullValue value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.null_value)
+  _internal_set_null_value(value);
+}
+
+// double number_value = 2;
+inline bool Value::_internal_has_number_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kNumberValue;
+}
+inline void Value::set_has_number_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kNumberValue;
+}
+inline void Value::clear_number_value() {
+  if (_internal_has_number_value()) {
+    kind_.number_value_ = 0;
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+inline double Value::_internal_number_value() const {
+  if (_internal_has_number_value()) {
+    return kind_.number_value_;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+inline void Value::_internal_set_number_value(double value) {
+  if (!_internal_has_number_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_number_value();
+  }
+  kind_.number_value_ = value;
+}
+inline double Value::number_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.number_value)
+  return _internal_number_value();
+}
+inline void Value::set_number_value(double value) {
+  _internal_set_number_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.number_value)
+}
+
+// string string_value = 3;
+inline bool Value::_internal_has_string_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kStringValue;
+}
+inline void Value::set_has_string_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kStringValue;
+}
+inline void Value::clear_string_value() {
+  if (_internal_has_string_value()) {
+    kind_.string_value_.Destroy(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+        GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+inline const std::string& Value::string_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+  return _internal_string_value();
+}
+inline void Value::set_string_value(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_string_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
+inline std::string* Value::mutable_string_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+  return _internal_mutable_string_value();
+}
+inline const std::string& Value::_internal_string_value() const {
+  if (_internal_has_string_value()) {
+    return kind_.string_value_.Get();
+  }
+  return *&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited();
+}
+inline void Value::_internal_set_string_value(const std::string& value) {
+  if (!_internal_has_string_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  kind_.string_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Value::set_string_value(std::string&& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+  if (!_internal_has_string_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  kind_.string_value_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
+inline void Value::set_string_value(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  if (!_internal_has_string_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  kind_.string_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
+inline void Value::set_string_value(const char* value,
+                             size_t size) {
+  if (!_internal_has_string_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  kind_.string_value_.Set(
+      &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
+inline std::string* Value::_internal_mutable_string_value() {
+  if (!_internal_has_string_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  return kind_.string_value_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* Value::release_string_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+  if (_internal_has_string_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
+    return kind_.string_value_.Release(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+        GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+inline void Value::set_allocated_string_value(std::string* string_value) {
+  if (has_kind()) {
+    clear_kind();
+  }
+  if (string_value != nullptr) {
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(string_value);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
+inline std::string* Value::unsafe_arena_release_string_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (_internal_has_string_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
+    return kind_.string_value_.UnsafeArenaRelease(
+        &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+inline void Value::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_string_value(std::string* string_value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (!_internal_has_string_value()) {
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  clear_kind();
+  if (string_value) {
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), string_value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
+
+// bool bool_value = 4;
+inline bool Value::_internal_has_bool_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kBoolValue;
+}
+inline void Value::set_has_bool_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kBoolValue;
+}
+inline void Value::clear_bool_value() {
+  if (_internal_has_bool_value()) {
+    kind_.bool_value_ = false;
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+inline bool Value::_internal_bool_value() const {
+  if (_internal_has_bool_value()) {
+    return kind_.bool_value_;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+inline void Value::_internal_set_bool_value(bool value) {
+  if (!_internal_has_bool_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_bool_value();
+  }
+  kind_.bool_value_ = value;
+}
+inline bool Value::bool_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.bool_value)
+  return _internal_bool_value();
+}
+inline void Value::set_bool_value(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_bool_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.bool_value)
+}
+
+// .google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;
+inline bool Value::_internal_has_struct_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kStructValue;
+}
+inline bool Value::has_struct_value() const {
+  return _internal_has_struct_value();
+}
+inline void Value::set_has_struct_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kStructValue;
+}
+inline void Value::clear_struct_value() {
+  if (_internal_has_struct_value()) {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+      delete kind_.struct_value_;
+    }
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* Value::release_struct_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+  if (_internal_has_struct_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* temp = kind_.struct_value_;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+      temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+    }
+    kind_.struct_value_ = nullptr;
+    return temp;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct& Value::_internal_struct_value() const {
+  return _internal_has_struct_value()
+      ? *kind_.struct_value_
+      : *reinterpret_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Struct_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct& Value::struct_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+  return _internal_struct_value();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* Value::unsafe_arena_release_struct_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+  if (_internal_has_struct_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* temp = kind_.struct_value_;
+    kind_.struct_value_ = nullptr;
+    return temp;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+inline void Value::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_struct_value(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* struct_value) {
+  clear_kind();
+  if (struct_value) {
+    set_has_struct_value();
+    kind_.struct_value_ = struct_value;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* Value::_internal_mutable_struct_value() {
+  if (!_internal_has_struct_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_struct_value();
+    kind_.struct_value_ = CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct >(
+        GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  return kind_.struct_value_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Struct* Value::mutable_struct_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+  return _internal_mutable_struct_value();
+}
+
+// .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
+inline bool Value::_internal_has_list_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kListValue;
+}
+inline bool Value::has_list_value() const {
+  return _internal_has_list_value();
+}
+inline void Value::set_has_list_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kListValue;
+}
+inline void Value::clear_list_value() {
+  if (_internal_has_list_value()) {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+      delete kind_.list_value_;
+    }
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* Value::release_list_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+  if (_internal_has_list_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* temp = kind_.list_value_;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+      temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+    }
+    kind_.list_value_ = nullptr;
+    return temp;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue& Value::_internal_list_value() const {
+  return _internal_has_list_value()
+      ? *kind_.list_value_
+      : *reinterpret_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_ListValue_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue& Value::list_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+  return _internal_list_value();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* Value::unsafe_arena_release_list_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+  if (_internal_has_list_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* temp = kind_.list_value_;
+    kind_.list_value_ = nullptr;
+    return temp;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+inline void Value::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_list_value(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* list_value) {
+  clear_kind();
+  if (list_value) {
+    set_has_list_value();
+    kind_.list_value_ = list_value;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* Value::_internal_mutable_list_value() {
+  if (!_internal_has_list_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_list_value();
+    kind_.list_value_ = CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue >(
+        GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  return kind_.list_value_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ListValue* Value::mutable_list_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+  return _internal_mutable_list_value();
+}
+
+inline bool Value::has_kind() const {
+  return kind_case() != KIND_NOT_SET;
+}
+inline void Value::clear_has_kind() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = KIND_NOT_SET;
+}
+inline Value::KindCase Value::kind_case() const {
+  return Value::KindCase(_oneof_case_[0]);
+}
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// ListValue
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
+inline int ListValue::_internal_values_size() const {
+  return values_.size();
+}
+inline int ListValue::values_size() const {
+  return _internal_values_size();
+}
+inline void ListValue::clear_values() {
+  values_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value* ListValue::mutable_values(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return values_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >*
+ListValue::mutable_values() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return &values_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value& ListValue::_internal_values(int index) const {
+  return values_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value& ListValue::values(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return _internal_values(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value* ListValue::_internal_add_values() {
+  return values_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value* ListValue::add_values() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return _internal_add_values();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Value >&
+ListValue::values() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return values_;
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+template <> struct is_proto_enum< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::NullValue> : ::std::true_type {};
+template <>
+inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::NullValue>() {
+  return PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::NullValue_descriptor();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/struct.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/struct.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed990e31d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/struct.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option go_package = "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/struct;structpb";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "StructProto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+// `Struct` represents a structured data value, consisting of fields
+// which map to dynamically typed values. In some languages, `Struct`
+// might be supported by a native representation. For example, in
+// scripting languages like JS a struct is represented as an
+// object. The details of that representation are described together
+// with the proto support for the language.
+//
+// The JSON representation for `Struct` is JSON object.
+message Struct {
+  // Unordered map of dynamically typed values.
+  map<string, Value> fields = 1;
+}
+
+// `Value` represents a dynamically typed value which can be either
+// null, a number, a string, a boolean, a recursive struct value, or a
+// list of values. A producer of value is expected to set one of that
+// variants, absence of any variant indicates an error.
+//
+// The JSON representation for `Value` is JSON value.
+message Value {
+  // The kind of value.
+  oneof kind {
+    // Represents a null value.
+    NullValue null_value = 1;
+    // Represents a double value.
+    double number_value = 2;
+    // Represents a string value.
+    string string_value = 3;
+    // Represents a boolean value.
+    bool bool_value = 4;
+    // Represents a structured value.
+    Struct struct_value = 5;
+    // Represents a repeated `Value`.
+    ListValue list_value = 6;
+  }
+}
+
+// `NullValue` is a singleton enumeration to represent the null value for the
+// `Value` type union.
+//
+//  The JSON representation for `NullValue` is JSON `null`.
+enum NullValue {
+  // Null value.
+  NULL_VALUE = 0;
+}
+
+// `ListValue` is a wrapper around a repeated field of values.
+//
+// The JSON representation for `ListValue` is JSON array.
+message ListValue {
+  // Repeated field of dynamically typed values.
+  repeated Value values = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a0f298edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace strings {
+
+void ByteSource::CopyTo(ByteSink* sink, size_t n) {
+  while (n > 0) {
+    StringPiece fragment = Peek();
+    if (fragment.empty()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "ByteSource::CopyTo() overran input.";
+      break;
+    }
+    std::size_t fragment_size = std::min<std::size_t>(n, fragment.size());
+    sink->Append(fragment.data(), fragment_size);
+    Skip(fragment_size);
+    n -= fragment_size;
+  }
+}
+
+void ByteSink::Flush() {}
+
+void UncheckedArrayByteSink::Append(const char* data, size_t n) {
+  if (data != dest_) {
+    // Catch cases where the pointer returned by GetAppendBuffer() was modified.
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!(dest_ <= data && data < (dest_ + n)))
+        << "Append() data[] overlaps with dest_[]";
+    memcpy(dest_, data, n);
+  }
+  dest_ += n;
+}
+
+CheckedArrayByteSink::CheckedArrayByteSink(char* outbuf, size_t capacity)
+    : outbuf_(outbuf), capacity_(capacity), size_(0), overflowed_(false) {
+}
+
+void CheckedArrayByteSink::Append(const char* bytes, size_t n) {
+  size_t available = capacity_ - size_;
+  if (n > available) {
+    n = available;
+    overflowed_ = true;
+  }
+  if (n > 0 && bytes != (outbuf_ + size_)) {
+    // Catch cases where the pointer returned by GetAppendBuffer() was modified.
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!(outbuf_ <= bytes && bytes < (outbuf_ + capacity_)))
+        << "Append() bytes[] overlaps with outbuf_[]";
+    memcpy(outbuf_ + size_, bytes, n);
+  }
+  size_ += n;
+}
+
+GrowingArrayByteSink::GrowingArrayByteSink(size_t estimated_size)
+    : capacity_(estimated_size),
+      buf_(new char[estimated_size]),
+      size_(0) {
+}
+
+GrowingArrayByteSink::~GrowingArrayByteSink() {
+  delete[] buf_;  // Just in case the user didn't call GetBuffer.
+}
+
+void GrowingArrayByteSink::Append(const char* bytes, size_t n) {
+  size_t available = capacity_ - size_;
+  if (bytes != (buf_ + size_)) {
+    // Catch cases where the pointer returned by GetAppendBuffer() was modified.
+    // We need to test for this before calling Expand() which may reallocate.
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!(buf_ <= bytes && bytes < (buf_ + capacity_)))
+        << "Append() bytes[] overlaps with buf_[]";
+  }
+  if (n > available) {
+    Expand(n - available);
+  }
+  if (n > 0 && bytes != (buf_ + size_)) {
+    memcpy(buf_ + size_, bytes, n);
+  }
+  size_ += n;
+}
+
+char* GrowingArrayByteSink::GetBuffer(size_t* nbytes) {
+  ShrinkToFit();
+  char* b = buf_;
+  *nbytes = size_;
+  buf_ = nullptr;
+  size_ = capacity_ = 0;
+  return b;
+}
+
+void GrowingArrayByteSink::Expand(size_t amount) {  // Expand by at least 50%.
+  size_t new_capacity = std::max(capacity_ + amount, (3 * capacity_) / 2);
+  char* bigger = new char[new_capacity];
+  memcpy(bigger, buf_, size_);
+  delete[] buf_;
+  buf_ = bigger;
+  capacity_ = new_capacity;
+}
+
+void GrowingArrayByteSink::ShrinkToFit() {
+  // Shrink only if the buffer is large and size_ is less than 3/4
+  // of capacity_.
+  if (capacity_ > 256 && size_ < (3 * capacity_) / 4) {
+    char* just_enough = new char[size_];
+    memcpy(just_enough, buf_, size_);
+    delete[] buf_;
+    buf_ = just_enough;
+    capacity_ = size_;
+  }
+}
+
+void StringByteSink::Append(const char* data, size_t n) {
+  dest_->append(data, n);
+}
+
+size_t ArrayByteSource::Available() const {
+  return input_.size();
+}
+
+StringPiece ArrayByteSource::Peek() {
+  return input_;
+}
+
+void ArrayByteSource::Skip(size_t n) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(n, input_.size());
+  input_.remove_prefix(n);
+}
+
+LimitByteSource::LimitByteSource(ByteSource *source, size_t limit)
+  : source_(source),
+    limit_(limit) {
+}
+
+size_t LimitByteSource::Available() const {
+  size_t available = source_->Available();
+  if (available > limit_) {
+    available = limit_;
+  }
+
+  return available;
+}
+
+StringPiece LimitByteSource::Peek() {
+  StringPiece piece(source_->Peek());
+  if (piece.size() > limit_) {
+    piece.set(piece.data(), limit_);
+  }
+
+  return piece;
+}
+
+void LimitByteSource::Skip(size_t n) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(n, limit_);
+  source_->Skip(n);
+  limit_ -= n;
+}
+
+void LimitByteSource::CopyTo(ByteSink *sink, size_t n) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(n, limit_);
+  source_->CopyTo(sink, n);
+  limit_ -= n;
+}
+
+}  // namespace strings
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08403861a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file declares the ByteSink and ByteSource abstract interfaces. These
+// interfaces represent objects that consume (ByteSink) or produce (ByteSource)
+// a sequence of bytes. Using these abstract interfaces in your APIs can help
+// make your code work with a variety of input and output types.
+//
+// This file also declares the following commonly used implementations of these
+// interfaces.
+//
+//   ByteSink:
+//      UncheckedArrayByteSink  Writes to an array, without bounds checking
+//      CheckedArrayByteSink    Writes to an array, with bounds checking
+//      GrowingArrayByteSink    Allocates and writes to a growable buffer
+//      StringByteSink          Writes to an STL string
+//      NullByteSink            Consumes a never-ending stream of bytes
+//
+//   ByteSource:
+//      ArrayByteSource         Reads from an array or string/StringPiece
+//      LimitedByteSource       Limits the number of bytes read from an
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_BYTESTREAM_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_BYTESTREAM_H_
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+class CordByteSink;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace strings {
+
+// An abstract interface for an object that consumes a sequence of bytes. This
+// interface offers a way to append data as well as a Flush() function.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   string my_data;
+//   ...
+//   ByteSink* sink = ...
+//   sink->Append(my_data.data(), my_data.size());
+//   sink->Flush();
+//
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ByteSink {
+ public:
+  ByteSink() {}
+  virtual ~ByteSink() {}
+
+  // Appends the "n" bytes starting at "bytes".
+  virtual void Append(const char* bytes, size_t n) = 0;
+
+  // Flushes internal buffers. The default implemenation does nothing. ByteSink
+  // subclasses may use internal buffers that require calling Flush() at the end
+  // of the stream.
+  virtual void Flush();
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ByteSink);
+};
+
+// An abstract interface for an object that produces a fixed-size sequence of
+// bytes.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   ByteSource* source = ...
+//   while (source->Available() > 0) {
+//     StringPiece data = source->Peek();
+//     ... do something with "data" ...
+//     source->Skip(data.length());
+//   }
+//
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ByteSource {
+ public:
+  ByteSource() {}
+  virtual ~ByteSource() {}
+
+  // Returns the number of bytes left to read from the source. Available()
+  // should decrease by N each time Skip(N) is called. Available() may not
+  // increase. Available() returning 0 indicates that the ByteSource is
+  // exhausted.
+  //
+  // Note: Size() may have been a more appropriate name as it's more
+  //       indicative of the fixed-size nature of a ByteSource.
+  virtual size_t Available() const = 0;
+
+  // Returns a StringPiece of the next contiguous region of the source. Does not
+  // reposition the source. The returned region is empty iff Available() == 0.
+  //
+  // The returned region is valid until the next call to Skip() or until this
+  // object is destroyed, whichever occurs first.
+  //
+  // The length of the returned StringPiece will be <= Available().
+  virtual StringPiece Peek() = 0;
+
+  // Skips the next n bytes. Invalidates any StringPiece returned by a previous
+  // call to Peek().
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: Available() >= n
+  virtual void Skip(size_t n) = 0;
+
+  // Writes the next n bytes in this ByteSource to the given ByteSink, and
+  // advances this ByteSource past the copied bytes. The default implementation
+  // of this method just copies the bytes normally, but subclasses might
+  // override CopyTo to optimize certain cases.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: Available() >= n
+  virtual void CopyTo(ByteSink* sink, size_t n);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ByteSource);
+};
+
+//
+// Some commonly used implementations of ByteSink
+//
+
+// Implementation of ByteSink that writes to an unsized byte array. No
+// bounds-checking is performed--it is the caller's responsibility to ensure
+// that the destination array is large enough.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   char buf[10];
+//   UncheckedArrayByteSink sink(buf);
+//   sink.Append("hi", 2);    // OK
+//   sink.Append(data, 100);  // WOOPS! Overflows buf[10].
+//
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT UncheckedArrayByteSink : public ByteSink {
+ public:
+  explicit UncheckedArrayByteSink(char* dest) : dest_(dest) {}
+  virtual void Append(const char* data, size_t n) override;
+
+  // Returns the current output pointer so that a caller can see how many bytes
+  // were produced.
+  //
+  // Note: this method is not part of the ByteSink interface.
+  char* CurrentDestination() const { return dest_; }
+
+ private:
+  char* dest_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(UncheckedArrayByteSink);
+};
+
+// Implementation of ByteSink that writes to a sized byte array. This sink will
+// not write more than "capacity" bytes to outbuf. Once "capacity" bytes are
+// appended, subsequent bytes will be ignored and Overflowed() will return true.
+// Overflowed() does not cause a runtime error (i.e., it does not CHECK fail).
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   char buf[10];
+//   CheckedArrayByteSink sink(buf, 10);
+//   sink.Append("hi", 2);    // OK
+//   sink.Append(data, 100);  // Will only write 8 more bytes
+//
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT CheckedArrayByteSink : public ByteSink {
+ public:
+  CheckedArrayByteSink(char* outbuf, size_t capacity);
+  virtual void Append(const char* bytes, size_t n) override;
+
+  // Returns the number of bytes actually written to the sink.
+  size_t NumberOfBytesWritten() const { return size_; }
+
+  // Returns true if any bytes were discarded, i.e., if there was an
+  // attempt to write more than 'capacity' bytes.
+  bool Overflowed() const { return overflowed_; }
+
+ private:
+  char* outbuf_;
+  const size_t capacity_;
+  size_t size_;
+  bool overflowed_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CheckedArrayByteSink);
+};
+
+// Implementation of ByteSink that allocates an internal buffer (a char array)
+// and expands it as needed to accommodate appended data (similar to a string),
+// and allows the caller to take ownership of the internal buffer via the
+// GetBuffer() method. The buffer returned from GetBuffer() must be deleted by
+// the caller with delete[]. GetBuffer() also sets the internal buffer to be
+// empty, and subsequent appends to the sink will create a new buffer. The
+// destructor will free the internal buffer if GetBuffer() was not called.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   GrowingArrayByteSink sink(10);
+//   sink.Append("hi", 2);
+//   sink.Append(data, n);
+//   const char* buf = sink.GetBuffer();  // Ownership transferred
+//   delete[] buf;
+//
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT GrowingArrayByteSink : public strings::ByteSink {
+ public:
+  explicit GrowingArrayByteSink(size_t estimated_size);
+  virtual ~GrowingArrayByteSink();
+  virtual void Append(const char* bytes, size_t n) override;
+
+  // Returns the allocated buffer, and sets nbytes to its size. The caller takes
+  // ownership of the buffer and must delete it with delete[].
+  char* GetBuffer(size_t* nbytes);
+
+ private:
+  void Expand(size_t amount);
+  void ShrinkToFit();
+
+  size_t capacity_;
+  char* buf_;
+  size_t size_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(GrowingArrayByteSink);
+};
+
+// Implementation of ByteSink that appends to the given string.
+// Existing contents of "dest" are not modified; new data is appended.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   string dest = "Hello ";
+//   StringByteSink sink(&dest);
+//   sink.Append("World", 5);
+//   assert(dest == "Hello World");
+//
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT StringByteSink : public ByteSink {
+ public:
+  explicit StringByteSink(string* dest) : dest_(dest) {}
+  virtual void Append(const char* data, size_t n) override;
+
+ private:
+  string* dest_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(StringByteSink);
+};
+
+// Implementation of ByteSink that discards all data.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   NullByteSink sink;
+//   sink.Append(data, data.size());  // All data ignored.
+//
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT NullByteSink : public ByteSink {
+ public:
+  NullByteSink() {}
+  void Append(const char* /*data*/, size_t /*n*/) override {}
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(NullByteSink);
+};
+
+//
+// Some commonly used implementations of ByteSource
+//
+
+// Implementation of ByteSource that reads from a StringPiece.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   string data = "Hello";
+//   ArrayByteSource source(data);
+//   assert(source.Available() == 5);
+//   assert(source.Peek() == "Hello");
+//
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ArrayByteSource : public ByteSource {
+ public:
+  explicit ArrayByteSource(StringPiece s) : input_(s) {}
+
+  virtual size_t Available() const override;
+  virtual StringPiece Peek() override;
+  virtual void Skip(size_t n) override;
+
+ private:
+  StringPiece   input_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ArrayByteSource);
+};
+
+// Implementation of ByteSource that wraps another ByteSource, limiting the
+// number of bytes returned.
+//
+// The caller maintains ownership of the underlying source, and may not use the
+// underlying source while using the LimitByteSource object.  The underlying
+// source's pointer is advanced by n bytes every time this LimitByteSource
+// object is advanced by n.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   string data = "Hello World";
+//   ArrayByteSource abs(data);
+//   assert(abs.Available() == data.size());
+//
+//   LimitByteSource limit(abs, 5);
+//   assert(limit.Available() == 5);
+//   assert(limit.Peek() == "Hello");
+//
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT LimitByteSource : public ByteSource {
+ public:
+  // Returns at most "limit" bytes from "source".
+  LimitByteSource(ByteSource* source, size_t limit);
+
+  virtual size_t Available() const override;
+  virtual StringPiece Peek() override;
+  virtual void Skip(size_t n) override;
+
+  // We override CopyTo so that we can forward to the underlying source, in
+  // case it has an efficient implementation of CopyTo.
+  virtual void CopyTo(ByteSink* sink, size_t n) override;
+
+ private:
+  ByteSource* source_;
+  size_t limit_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace strings
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_BYTESTREAM_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06f114abc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace strings {
+namespace {
+
+// We use this class instead of ArrayByteSource to simulate a ByteSource that
+// contains multiple fragments.  ArrayByteSource returns the entire array in
+// one fragment.
+class MockByteSource : public ByteSource {
+ public:
+  MockByteSource(StringPiece data, int block_size)
+    : data_(data), block_size_(block_size) {}
+
+  size_t Available() const { return data_.size(); }
+  StringPiece Peek() {
+    return data_.substr(0, block_size_);
+  }
+  void Skip(size_t n) { data_.remove_prefix(n); }
+
+ private:
+  StringPiece data_;
+  int block_size_;
+};
+
+TEST(ByteSourceTest, CopyTo) {
+  StringPiece data("Hello world!");
+  MockByteSource source(data, 3);
+  string str;
+  StringByteSink sink(&str);
+
+  source.CopyTo(&sink, data.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(data, str);
+}
+
+TEST(ByteSourceTest, CopySubstringTo) {
+  StringPiece data("Hello world!");
+  MockByteSource source(data, 3);
+  source.Skip(1);
+  string str;
+  StringByteSink sink(&str);
+
+  source.CopyTo(&sink, data.size() - 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(data.substr(1, data.size() - 2), str);
+  EXPECT_EQ("!", source.Peek());
+}
+
+TEST(ByteSourceTest, LimitByteSource) {
+  StringPiece data("Hello world!");
+  MockByteSource source(data, 3);
+  LimitByteSource limit_source(&source, 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, limit_source.Available());
+  limit_source.Skip(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, limit_source.Available());
+
+  {
+    string str;
+    StringByteSink sink(&str);
+    limit_source.CopyTo(&sink, limit_source.Available());
+    EXPECT_EQ("ello ", str);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, limit_source.Available());
+    EXPECT_EQ(6, source.Available());
+  }
+
+  {
+    string str;
+    StringByteSink sink(&str);
+    source.CopyTo(&sink, source.Available());
+    EXPECT_EQ("world!", str);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, source.Available());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ByteSourceTest, CopyToStringByteSink) {
+  StringPiece data("Hello world!");
+  MockByteSource source(data, 3);
+  string str;
+  StringByteSink sink(&str);
+  source.CopyTo(&sink, data.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(data, str);
+}
+
+// Verify that ByteSink is subclassable and Flush() overridable.
+class FlushingByteSink : public StringByteSink {
+ public:
+  explicit FlushingByteSink(string* dest) : StringByteSink(dest) {}
+  virtual void Flush() { Append("z", 1); }
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FlushingByteSink);
+};
+
+// Write and Flush via the ByteSink superclass interface.
+void WriteAndFlush(ByteSink* s) {
+  s->Append("abc", 3);
+  s->Flush();
+}
+
+TEST(ByteSinkTest, Flush) {
+  string str;
+  FlushingByteSink f_sink(&str);
+  WriteAndFlush(&f_sink);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("abcz", str.c_str());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace strings
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab4a3aae5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h
@@ -0,0 +1,583 @@
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_CALLBACK_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_CALLBACK_H_
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+// ===================================================================
+// emulates google3/base/callback.h
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Abstract interface for a callback.  When calling an RPC, you must provide
+// a Closure to call when the procedure completes.  See the Service interface
+// in service.h.
+//
+// To automatically construct a Closure which calls a particular function or
+// method with a particular set of parameters, use the NewCallback() function.
+// Example:
+//   void FooDone(const FooResponse* response) {
+//     ...
+//   }
+//
+//   void CallFoo() {
+//     ...
+//     // When done, call FooDone() and pass it a pointer to the response.
+//     Closure* callback = NewCallback(&FooDone, response);
+//     // Make the call.
+//     service->Foo(controller, request, response, callback);
+//   }
+//
+// Example that calls a method:
+//   class Handler {
+//    public:
+//     ...
+//
+//     void FooDone(const FooResponse* response) {
+//       ...
+//     }
+//
+//     void CallFoo() {
+//       ...
+//       // When done, call FooDone() and pass it a pointer to the response.
+//       Closure* callback = NewCallback(this, &Handler::FooDone, response);
+//       // Make the call.
+//       service->Foo(controller, request, response, callback);
+//     }
+//   };
+//
+// Currently NewCallback() supports binding zero, one, or two arguments.
+//
+// Callbacks created with NewCallback() automatically delete themselves when
+// executed.  They should be used when a callback is to be called exactly
+// once (usually the case with RPC callbacks).  If a callback may be called
+// a different number of times (including zero), create it with
+// NewPermanentCallback() instead.  You are then responsible for deleting the
+// callback (using the "delete" keyword as normal).
+//
+// Note that NewCallback() is a bit touchy regarding argument types.  Generally,
+// the values you provide for the parameter bindings must exactly match the
+// types accepted by the callback function.  For example:
+//   void Foo(string s);
+//   NewCallback(&Foo, "foo");          // WON'T WORK:  const char* != string
+//   NewCallback(&Foo, string("foo"));  // WORKS
+// Also note that the arguments cannot be references:
+//   void Foo(const string& s);
+//   string my_str;
+//   NewCallback(&Foo, my_str);  // WON'T WORK:  Can't use referecnes.
+// However, correctly-typed pointers will work just fine.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Closure {
+ public:
+  Closure() {}
+  virtual ~Closure();
+
+  virtual void Run() = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Closure);
+};
+
+template<typename R>
+class ResultCallback {
+ public:
+  ResultCallback() {}
+  virtual ~ResultCallback() {}
+
+  virtual R Run() = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ResultCallback);
+};
+
+template <typename R, typename A1>
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ResultCallback1 {
+ public:
+  ResultCallback1() {}
+  virtual ~ResultCallback1() {}
+
+  virtual R Run(A1) = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ResultCallback1);
+};
+
+template <typename R, typename A1, typename A2>
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ResultCallback2 {
+ public:
+  ResultCallback2() {}
+  virtual ~ResultCallback2() {}
+
+  virtual R Run(A1,A2) = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ResultCallback2);
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FunctionClosure0 : public Closure {
+ public:
+  typedef void (*FunctionType)();
+
+  FunctionClosure0(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting)
+    : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting) {}
+  ~FunctionClosure0();
+
+  void Run() override {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    function_();
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FunctionType function_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+};
+
+template <typename Class>
+class MethodClosure0 : public Closure {
+ public:
+  typedef void (Class::*MethodType)();
+
+  MethodClosure0(Class* object, MethodType method, bool self_deleting)
+    : object_(object), method_(method), self_deleting_(self_deleting) {}
+  ~MethodClosure0() {}
+
+  void Run() override {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    (object_->*method_)();
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  Class* object_;
+  MethodType method_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+};
+
+template <typename Arg1>
+class FunctionClosure1 : public Closure {
+ public:
+  typedef void (*FunctionType)(Arg1 arg1);
+
+  FunctionClosure1(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting,
+                   Arg1 arg1)
+    : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting),
+      arg1_(arg1) {}
+  ~FunctionClosure1() {}
+
+  void Run() override {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    function_(arg1_);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FunctionType function_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+  Arg1 arg1_;
+};
+
+template <typename Class, typename Arg1>
+class MethodClosure1 : public Closure {
+ public:
+  typedef void (Class::*MethodType)(Arg1 arg1);
+
+  MethodClosure1(Class* object, MethodType method, bool self_deleting,
+                 Arg1 arg1)
+    : object_(object), method_(method), self_deleting_(self_deleting),
+      arg1_(arg1) {}
+  ~MethodClosure1() {}
+
+  void Run() override {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    (object_->*method_)(arg1_);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  Class* object_;
+  MethodType method_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+  Arg1 arg1_;
+};
+
+template <typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
+class FunctionClosure2 : public Closure {
+ public:
+  typedef void (*FunctionType)(Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2);
+
+  FunctionClosure2(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting,
+                   Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2)
+    : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting),
+      arg1_(arg1), arg2_(arg2) {}
+  ~FunctionClosure2() {}
+
+  void Run() override {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    function_(arg1_, arg2_);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FunctionType function_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+  Arg1 arg1_;
+  Arg2 arg2_;
+};
+
+template <typename Class, typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
+class MethodClosure2 : public Closure {
+ public:
+  typedef void (Class::*MethodType)(Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2);
+
+  MethodClosure2(Class* object, MethodType method, bool self_deleting,
+                 Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2)
+    : object_(object), method_(method), self_deleting_(self_deleting),
+      arg1_(arg1), arg2_(arg2) {}
+  ~MethodClosure2() {}
+
+  void Run() override {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    (object_->*method_)(arg1_, arg2_);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  Class* object_;
+  MethodType method_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+  Arg1 arg1_;
+  Arg2 arg2_;
+};
+
+template<typename R>
+class FunctionResultCallback_0_0 : public ResultCallback<R> {
+ public:
+  typedef R (*FunctionType)();
+
+  FunctionResultCallback_0_0(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting)
+      : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting) {}
+  ~FunctionResultCallback_0_0() {}
+
+  R Run() override {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    R result = function_();
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FunctionType function_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+};
+
+template<typename R, typename P1>
+class FunctionResultCallback_1_0 : public ResultCallback<R> {
+ public:
+  typedef R (*FunctionType)(P1);
+
+  FunctionResultCallback_1_0(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting,
+                             P1 p1)
+      : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting), p1_(p1) {}
+  ~FunctionResultCallback_1_0() {}
+
+  R Run() override {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    R result = function_(p1_);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FunctionType function_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+  P1 p1_;
+};
+
+template<typename R, typename Arg1>
+class FunctionResultCallback_0_1 : public ResultCallback1<R, Arg1> {
+ public:
+  typedef R (*FunctionType)(Arg1 arg1);
+
+  FunctionResultCallback_0_1(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting)
+      : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting) {}
+  ~FunctionResultCallback_0_1() {}
+
+  R Run(Arg1 a1) override {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    R result = function_(a1);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FunctionType function_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+};
+
+template<typename R, typename P1, typename A1>
+class FunctionResultCallback_1_1 : public ResultCallback1<R, A1> {
+ public:
+  typedef R (*FunctionType)(P1, A1);
+
+  FunctionResultCallback_1_1(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting,
+                             P1 p1)
+      : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting), p1_(p1) {}
+  ~FunctionResultCallback_1_1() {}
+
+  R Run(A1 a1) override {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    R result = function_(p1_, a1);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FunctionType function_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+  P1 p1_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct InternalConstRef {
+  typedef typename std::remove_reference<T>::type base_type;
+  typedef const base_type& type;
+};
+
+template<typename R, typename T>
+class MethodResultCallback_0_0 : public ResultCallback<R> {
+ public:
+  typedef R (T::*MethodType)();
+  MethodResultCallback_0_0(T* object, MethodType method, bool self_deleting)
+      : object_(object),
+        method_(method),
+        self_deleting_(self_deleting) {}
+  ~MethodResultCallback_0_0() {}
+
+  R Run() {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;
+    R result = (object_->*method_)();
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  T* object_;
+  MethodType method_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+};
+
+template <typename R, typename T, typename P1, typename P2, typename P3,
+          typename P4, typename P5, typename P6, typename A1, typename A2>
+class MethodResultCallback_6_2 : public ResultCallback2<R, A1, A2> {
+ public:
+  typedef R (T::*MethodType)(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, A1, A2);
+  MethodResultCallback_6_2(T* object, MethodType method, bool self_deleting,
+                           P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3, P4 p4, P5 p5, P6 p6)
+      : object_(object),
+        method_(method),
+        self_deleting_(self_deleting),
+        p1_(p1),
+        p2_(p2),
+        p3_(p3),
+        p4_(p4),
+        p5_(p5),
+        p6_(p6) {}
+  ~MethodResultCallback_6_2() {}
+
+  R Run(A1 a1, A2 a2) override {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;
+    R result = (object_->*method_)(p1_, p2_, p3_, p4_, p5_, p6_, a1, a2);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  T* object_;
+  MethodType method_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+  typename std::remove_reference<P1>::type p1_;
+  typename std::remove_reference<P2>::type p2_;
+  typename std::remove_reference<P3>::type p3_;
+  typename std::remove_reference<P4>::type p4_;
+  typename std::remove_reference<P5>::type p5_;
+  typename std::remove_reference<P6>::type p6_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// See Closure.
+inline Closure* NewCallback(void (*function)()) {
+  return new internal::FunctionClosure0(function, true);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(void (*function)()) {
+  return new internal::FunctionClosure0(function, false);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Class>
+inline Closure* NewCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)()) {
+  return new internal::MethodClosure0<Class>(object, method, true);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Class>
+inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)()) {
+  return new internal::MethodClosure0<Class>(object, method, false);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Arg1>
+inline Closure* NewCallback(void (*function)(Arg1),
+                            Arg1 arg1) {
+  return new internal::FunctionClosure1<Arg1>(function, true, arg1);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Arg1>
+inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(void (*function)(Arg1),
+                                     Arg1 arg1) {
+  return new internal::FunctionClosure1<Arg1>(function, false, arg1);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Class, typename Arg1>
+inline Closure* NewCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)(Arg1),
+                            Arg1 arg1) {
+  return new internal::MethodClosure1<Class, Arg1>(object, method, true, arg1);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Class, typename Arg1>
+inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)(Arg1),
+                                     Arg1 arg1) {
+  return new internal::MethodClosure1<Class, Arg1>(object, method, false, arg1);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
+inline Closure* NewCallback(void (*function)(Arg1, Arg2),
+                            Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2) {
+  return new internal::FunctionClosure2<Arg1, Arg2>(
+    function, true, arg1, arg2);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
+inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(void (*function)(Arg1, Arg2),
+                                     Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2) {
+  return new internal::FunctionClosure2<Arg1, Arg2>(
+    function, false, arg1, arg2);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Class, typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
+inline Closure* NewCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)(Arg1, Arg2),
+                            Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2) {
+  return new internal::MethodClosure2<Class, Arg1, Arg2>(
+    object, method, true, arg1, arg2);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Class, typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
+inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(
+    Class* object, void (Class::*method)(Arg1, Arg2),
+    Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2) {
+  return new internal::MethodClosure2<Class, Arg1, Arg2>(
+    object, method, false, arg1, arg2);
+}
+
+// See ResultCallback
+template<typename R>
+inline ResultCallback<R>* NewCallback(R (*function)()) {
+  return new internal::FunctionResultCallback_0_0<R>(function, true);
+}
+
+// See ResultCallback
+template<typename R>
+inline ResultCallback<R>* NewPermanentCallback(R (*function)()) {
+  return new internal::FunctionResultCallback_0_0<R>(function, false);
+}
+
+// See ResultCallback
+template<typename R, typename P1>
+inline ResultCallback<R>* NewCallback(R (*function)(P1), P1 p1) {
+  return new internal::FunctionResultCallback_1_0<R, P1>(
+      function, true, p1);
+}
+
+// See ResultCallback
+template<typename R, typename P1>
+inline ResultCallback<R>* NewPermanentCallback(
+    R (*function)(P1), P1 p1) {
+  return new internal::FunctionResultCallback_1_0<R, P1>(
+      function, false, p1);
+}
+
+// See ResultCallback1
+template<typename R, typename A1>
+inline ResultCallback1<R, A1>* NewCallback(R (*function)(A1)) {
+  return new internal::FunctionResultCallback_0_1<R, A1>(function, true);
+}
+
+// See ResultCallback1
+template<typename R, typename A1>
+inline ResultCallback1<R, A1>* NewPermanentCallback(R (*function)(A1)) {
+  return new internal::FunctionResultCallback_0_1<R, A1>(function, false);
+}
+
+// See ResultCallback1
+template<typename R, typename P1, typename A1>
+inline ResultCallback1<R, A1>* NewCallback(R (*function)(P1, A1), P1 p1) {
+  return new internal::FunctionResultCallback_1_1<R, P1, A1>(
+      function, true, p1);
+}
+
+// See ResultCallback1
+template<typename R, typename P1, typename A1>
+inline ResultCallback1<R, A1>* NewPermanentCallback(
+    R (*function)(P1, A1), P1 p1) {
+  return new internal::FunctionResultCallback_1_1<R, P1, A1>(
+      function, false, p1);
+}
+
+// See MethodResultCallback_0_0
+template <typename R, typename T1, typename T2>
+inline ResultCallback<R>* NewPermanentCallback(
+    T1* object, R (T2::*function)()) {
+  return new internal::MethodResultCallback_0_0<R, T1>(object, function, false);
+}
+
+// See MethodResultCallback_6_2
+template <typename R, typename T, typename P1, typename P2, typename P3,
+          typename P4, typename P5, typename P6, typename A1, typename A2>
+inline ResultCallback2<R, A1, A2>* NewPermanentCallback(
+    T* object, R (T::*function)(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, A1, A2),
+    typename internal::InternalConstRef<P1>::type p1,
+    typename internal::InternalConstRef<P2>::type p2,
+    typename internal::InternalConstRef<P3>::type p3,
+    typename internal::InternalConstRef<P4>::type p4,
+    typename internal::InternalConstRef<P5>::type p5,
+    typename internal::InternalConstRef<P6>::type p6) {
+  return new internal::MethodResultCallback_6_2<R, T, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6,
+                                                A1, A2>(object, function, false,
+                                                        p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6);
+}
+
+// A function which does nothing.  Useful for creating no-op callbacks, e.g.:
+//   Closure* nothing = NewCallback(&DoNothing);
+void PROTOBUF_EXPORT DoNothing();
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_CALLBACK_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b509f68cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_CASTS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_CASTS_H__
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+// Use implicit_cast as a safe version of static_cast or const_cast
+// for upcasting in the type hierarchy (i.e. casting a pointer to Foo
+// to a pointer to SuperclassOfFoo or casting a pointer to Foo to
+// a const pointer to Foo).
+// When you use implicit_cast, the compiler checks that the cast is safe.
+// Such explicit implicit_casts are necessary in surprisingly many
+// situations where C++ demands an exact type match instead of an
+// argument type convertable to a target type.
+//
+// The From type can be inferred, so the preferred syntax for using
+// implicit_cast is the same as for static_cast etc.:
+//
+//   implicit_cast<ToType>(expr)
+//
+// implicit_cast would have been part of the C++ standard library,
+// but the proposal was submitted too late.  It will probably make
+// its way into the language in the future.
+template<typename To, typename From>
+inline To implicit_cast(From const &f) {
+  return f;
+}
+
+// When you upcast (that is, cast a pointer from type Foo to type
+// SuperclassOfFoo), it's fine to use implicit_cast<>, since upcasts
+// always succeed.  When you downcast (that is, cast a pointer from
+// type Foo to type SubclassOfFoo), static_cast<> isn't safe, because
+// how do you know the pointer is really of type SubclassOfFoo?  It
+// could be a bare Foo, or of type DifferentSubclassOfFoo.  Thus,
+// when you downcast, you should use this macro.  In debug mode, we
+// use dynamic_cast<> to double-check the downcast is legal (we die
+// if it's not).  In normal mode, we do the efficient static_cast<>
+// instead.  Thus, it's important to test in debug mode to make sure
+// the cast is legal!
+//    This is the only place in the code we should use dynamic_cast<>.
+// In particular, you SHOULDN'T be using dynamic_cast<> in order to
+// do RTTI (eg code like this:
+//    if (dynamic_cast<Subclass1>(foo)) HandleASubclass1Object(foo);
+//    if (dynamic_cast<Subclass2>(foo)) HandleASubclass2Object(foo);
+// You should design the code some other way not to need this.
+
+template<typename To, typename From>     // use like this: down_cast<T*>(foo);
+inline To down_cast(From* f) {                   // so we only accept pointers
+  // Ensures that To is a sub-type of From *.  This test is here only
+  // for compile-time type checking, and has no overhead in an
+  // optimized build at run-time, as it will be optimized away
+  // completely.
+  if (false) {
+    implicit_cast<From*, To>(0);
+  }
+
+#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RTTI)
+  assert(f == nullptr || dynamic_cast<To>(f) != nullptr);  // RTTI: debug mode only!
+#endif
+  return static_cast<To>(f);
+}
+
+template<typename To, typename From>    // use like this: down_cast<T&>(foo);
+inline To down_cast(From& f) {
+  typedef typename std::remove_reference<To>::type* ToAsPointer;
+  // Ensures that To is a sub-type of From *.  This test is here only
+  // for compile-time type checking, and has no overhead in an
+  // optimized build at run-time, as it will be optimized away
+  // completely.
+  if (false) {
+    implicit_cast<From*, ToAsPointer>(0);
+  }
+
+#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RTTI)
+  // RTTI: debug mode only!
+  assert(dynamic_cast<ToAsPointer>(&f) != nullptr);
+#endif
+  return *static_cast<ToAsPointer>(&f);
+}
+
+template<typename To, typename From>
+inline To bit_cast(const From& from) {
+  GOOGLE_COMPILE_ASSERT(sizeof(From) == sizeof(To),
+                        bit_cast_with_different_sizes);
+  To dest;
+  memcpy(&dest, &from, sizeof(dest));
+  return dest;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// We made these internal so that they would show up as such in the docs,
+// but we don't want to stick "internal::" in front of them everywhere.
+using internal::implicit_cast;
+using internal::down_cast;
+using internal::bit_cast;
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_CASTS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4db493b70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN  // We only need minimal includes
+#endif
+#include <windows.h>
+#define snprintf _snprintf    // see comment in strutil.cc
+#elif defined(HAVE_PTHREAD)
+#include <pthread.h>
+#else
+#error "No suitable threading library available."
+#endif
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+#include <android/log.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/int128.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace internal {
+
+void VerifyVersion(int headerVersion,
+                   int minLibraryVersion,
+                   const char* filename) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < minLibraryVersion) {
+    // Library is too old for headers.
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)
+      << "This program requires version " << VersionString(minLibraryVersion)
+      << " of the Protocol Buffer runtime library, but the installed version "
+         "is " << VersionString(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION) << ".  Please update "
+         "your library.  If you compiled the program yourself, make sure that "
+         "your headers are from the same version of Protocol Buffers as your "
+         "link-time library.  (Version verification failed in \""
+      << filename << "\".)";
+  }
+  if (headerVersion < kMinHeaderVersionForLibrary) {
+    // Headers are too old for library.
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)
+      << "This program was compiled against version "
+      << VersionString(headerVersion) << " of the Protocol Buffer runtime "
+         "library, which is not compatible with the installed version ("
+      << VersionString(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION) <<  ").  Contact the program "
+         "author for an update.  If you compiled the program yourself, make "
+         "sure that your headers are from the same version of Protocol Buffers "
+         "as your link-time library.  (Version verification failed in \""
+      << filename << "\".)";
+  }
+}
+
+string VersionString(int version) {
+  int major = version / 1000000;
+  int minor = (version / 1000) % 1000;
+  int micro = version % 1000;
+
+  // 128 bytes should always be enough, but we use snprintf() anyway to be
+  // safe.
+  char buffer[128];
+  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d.%d.%d", major, minor, micro);
+
+  // Guard against broken MSVC snprintf().
+  buffer[sizeof(buffer)-1] = '\0';
+
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// ===================================================================
+// emulates google3/base/logging.cc
+
+// If the minimum logging level is not set, we default to logging messages for
+// all levels.
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_LOG_LEVEL
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_LOG_LEVEL LOGLEVEL_INFO
+#endif
+
+namespace internal {
+
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+inline void DefaultLogHandler(LogLevel level, const char* filename, int line,
+                              const string& message) {
+  if (level < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_LOG_LEVEL) {
+    return;
+  }
+  static const char* level_names[] = {"INFO", "WARNING", "ERROR", "FATAL"};
+
+  static const int android_log_levels[] = {
+      ANDROID_LOG_INFO,   // LOG(INFO),
+      ANDROID_LOG_WARN,   // LOG(WARNING)
+      ANDROID_LOG_ERROR,  // LOG(ERROR)
+      ANDROID_LOG_FATAL,  // LOG(FATAL)
+  };
+
+  // Bound the logging level.
+  const int android_log_level = android_log_levels[level];
+  ::std::ostringstream ostr;
+  ostr << "[libprotobuf " << level_names[level] << " " << filename << ":"
+       << line << "] " << message.c_str();
+
+  // Output the log string the Android log at the appropriate level.
+  __android_log_write(android_log_level, "libprotobuf-native",
+                      ostr.str().c_str());
+  // Also output to std::cerr.
+  fprintf(stderr, "%s", ostr.str().c_str());
+  fflush(stderr);
+
+  // Indicate termination if needed.
+  if (android_log_level == ANDROID_LOG_FATAL) {
+    __android_log_write(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, "libprotobuf-native",
+                        "terminating.\n");
+  }
+}
+
+#else
+void DefaultLogHandler(LogLevel level, const char* filename, int line,
+                       const string& message) {
+  if (level < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_LOG_LEVEL) {
+    return;
+  }
+  static const char* level_names[] = { "INFO", "WARNING", "ERROR", "FATAL" };
+
+  // We use fprintf() instead of cerr because we want this to work at static
+  // initialization time.
+  fprintf(stderr, "[libprotobuf %s %s:%d] %s\n",
+          level_names[level], filename, line, message.c_str());
+  fflush(stderr);  // Needed on MSVC.
+}
+#endif
+
+void NullLogHandler(LogLevel /* level */, const char* /* filename */,
+                    int /* line */, const string& /* message */) {
+  // Nothing.
+}
+
+static LogHandler* log_handler_ = &DefaultLogHandler;
+static std::atomic<int> log_silencer_count_ = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(0);
+
+LogMessage& LogMessage::operator<<(const string& value) {
+  message_ += value;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+LogMessage& LogMessage::operator<<(const char* value) {
+  message_ += value;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+LogMessage& LogMessage::operator<<(const StringPiece& value) {
+  message_ += value.ToString();
+  return *this;
+}
+
+LogMessage& LogMessage::operator<<(const util::Status& status) {
+  message_ += status.ToString();
+  return *this;
+}
+
+LogMessage& LogMessage::operator<<(const uint128& value) {
+  std::ostringstream str;
+  str << value;
+  message_ += str.str();
+  return *this;
+}
+
+// Since this is just for logging, we don't care if the current locale changes
+// the results -- in fact, we probably prefer that.  So we use snprintf()
+// instead of Simple*toa().
+#undef DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR
+#define DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(TYPE, FORMAT)                       \
+  LogMessage& LogMessage::operator<<(TYPE value) {                  \
+    /* 128 bytes should be big enough for any of the primitive */   \
+    /* values which we print with this, but well use snprintf() */  \
+    /* anyway to be extra safe. */                                  \
+    char buffer[128];                                               \
+    snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), FORMAT, value);                \
+    /* Guard against broken MSVC snprintf(). */                     \
+    buffer[sizeof(buffer)-1] = '\0';                                \
+    message_ += buffer;                                             \
+    return *this;                                                   \
+  }
+
+DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(char         , "%c" )
+DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(int          , "%d" )
+DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(unsigned int , "%u" )
+DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(long         , "%ld")
+DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(unsigned long, "%lu")
+DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(double       , "%g" )
+DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(void*        , "%p" )
+DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(long long         , "%" PROTOBUF_LL_FORMAT "d")
+DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(unsigned long long, "%" PROTOBUF_LL_FORMAT "u")
+#undef DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR
+
+LogMessage::LogMessage(LogLevel level, const char* filename, int line)
+  : level_(level), filename_(filename), line_(line) {}
+LogMessage::~LogMessage() {}
+
+void LogMessage::Finish() {
+  bool suppress = false;
+
+  if (level_ != LOGLEVEL_FATAL) {
+    suppress = log_silencer_count_ > 0;
+  }
+
+  if (!suppress) {
+    log_handler_(level_, filename_, line_, message_);
+  }
+
+  if (level_ == LOGLEVEL_FATAL) {
+#if PROTOBUF_USE_EXCEPTIONS
+    throw FatalException(filename_, line_, message_);
+#else
+    abort();
+#endif
+  }
+}
+
+void LogFinisher::operator=(LogMessage& other) {
+  other.Finish();
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+LogHandler* SetLogHandler(LogHandler* new_func) {
+  LogHandler* old = internal::log_handler_;
+  if (old == &internal::NullLogHandler) {
+    old = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (new_func == nullptr) {
+    internal::log_handler_ = &internal::NullLogHandler;
+  } else {
+    internal::log_handler_ = new_func;
+  }
+  return old;
+}
+
+LogSilencer::LogSilencer() {
+  ++internal::log_silencer_count_;
+};
+
+LogSilencer::~LogSilencer() {
+  --internal::log_silencer_count_;
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+// emulates google3/base/callback.cc
+
+Closure::~Closure() {}
+
+namespace internal { FunctionClosure0::~FunctionClosure0() {} }
+
+void DoNothing() {}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// emulates google3/util/endian/endian.h
+//
+// TODO(xiaofeng): PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN is unfortunately defined in
+// google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h and therefore can not be used here.
+// Maybe move that macro definition here in the furture.
+uint32 ghtonl(uint32 x) {
+  union {
+    uint32 result;
+    uint8 result_array[4];
+  };
+  result_array[0] = static_cast<uint8>(x >> 24);
+  result_array[1] = static_cast<uint8>((x >> 16) & 0xFF);
+  result_array[2] = static_cast<uint8>((x >> 8) & 0xFF);
+  result_array[3] = static_cast<uint8>(x & 0xFF);
+  return result;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_USE_EXCEPTIONS
+FatalException::~FatalException() throw() {}
+
+const char* FatalException::what() const throw() {
+  return message_.c_str();
+}
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7ec69189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda) and others
+//
+// Contains basic types and utilities used by the rest of the library.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMMON_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMMON_H__
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h>
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_USE_EXCEPTIONS
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_CPPUNWIND)
+  #define PROTOBUF_USE_EXCEPTIONS 1
+#elif defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+  #define PROTOBUF_USE_EXCEPTIONS 1
+#else
+  #define PROTOBUF_USE_EXCEPTIONS 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if PROTOBUF_USE_EXCEPTIONS
+#include <exception>
+#endif
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+#include <TargetConditionals.h>  // for TARGET_OS_IPHONE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__ANDROID__) || defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_ANDROID) || (defined(TARGET_OS_IPHONE) && TARGET_OS_IPHONE) || defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_IPHONE)
+#include <pthread.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace std {}
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// Some of these constants are macros rather than const ints so that they can
+// be used in #if directives.
+
+// The current version, represented as a single integer to make comparison
+// easier:  major * 10^6 + minor * 10^3 + micro
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION 3011004
+
+// A suffix string for alpha, beta or rc releases. Empty for stable releases.
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION_SUFFIX ""
+
+// The minimum header version which works with the current version of
+// the library.  This constant should only be used by protoc's C++ code
+// generator.
+static const int kMinHeaderVersionForLibrary = 3011000;
+
+// The minimum protoc version which works with the current version of the
+// headers.
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION 3011000
+
+// The minimum header version which works with the current version of
+// protoc.  This constant should only be used in VerifyVersion().
+static const int kMinHeaderVersionForProtoc = 3011000;
+
+// Verifies that the headers and libraries are compatible.  Use the macro
+// below to call this.
+void PROTOBUF_EXPORT VerifyVersion(int headerVersion, int minLibraryVersion,
+                                   const char* filename);
+
+// Converts a numeric version number to a string.
+std::string PROTOBUF_EXPORT VersionString(int version);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Place this macro in your main() function (or somewhere before you attempt
+// to use the protobuf library) to verify that the version you link against
+// matches the headers you compiled against.  If a version mismatch is
+// detected, the process will abort.
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION                                    \
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::VerifyVersion(                            \
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION, GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_LIBRARY_VERSION,         \
+    __FILE__)
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+// from google3/util/utf8/public/unilib.h
+
+class StringPiece;
+namespace internal {
+
+// Checks if the buffer contains structurally-valid UTF-8.  Implemented in
+// structurally_valid.cc.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool IsStructurallyValidUTF8(const char* buf, int len);
+
+inline bool IsStructurallyValidUTF8(const std::string& str) {
+  return IsStructurallyValidUTF8(str.data(), static_cast<int>(str.length()));
+}
+
+// Returns initial number of bytes of structually valid UTF-8.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int UTF8SpnStructurallyValid(const StringPiece& str);
+
+// Coerce UTF-8 byte string in src_str to be
+// a structurally-valid equal-length string by selectively
+// overwriting illegal bytes with replace_char (typically ' ' or '?').
+// replace_char must be legal printable 7-bit Ascii 0x20..0x7e.
+// src_str is read-only.
+//
+// Returns pointer to output buffer, src_str.data() if no changes were made,
+//  or idst if some bytes were changed. idst is allocated by the caller
+//  and must be at least as big as src_str
+//
+// Optimized for: all structurally valid and no byte copying is done.
+//
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT char* UTF8CoerceToStructurallyValid(const StringPiece& str,
+                                                    char* dst,
+                                                    char replace_char);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// This lives in message_lite.h now, but we leave this here for any users that
+// #include common.h and not message_lite.h.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void ShutdownProtobufLibrary();
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Strongly references the given variable such that the linker will be forced
+// to pull in this variable's translation unit.
+template <typename T>
+void StrongReference(const T& var) {
+  auto volatile unused = &var;
+  (void)&unused;  // Use address to avoid an extra load of "unused".
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+#if PROTOBUF_USE_EXCEPTIONS
+class FatalException : public std::exception {
+ public:
+  FatalException(const char* filename, int line, const std::string& message)
+      : filename_(filename), line_(line), message_(message) {}
+  virtual ~FatalException() throw();
+
+  virtual const char* what() const throw();
+
+  const char* filename() const { return filename_; }
+  int line() const { return line_; }
+  const std::string& message() const { return message_; }
+
+ private:
+  const char* filename_;
+  const int line_;
+  const std::string message_;
+};
+#endif
+
+// This is at the end of the file instead of the beginning to work around a bug
+// in some versions of MSVC.
+using std::string;
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMMON_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..585245892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+
+// TODO(kenton):  More tests.
+
+#ifdef PACKAGE_VERSION  // only defined when using automake, not MSVC
+
+TEST(VersionTest, VersionMatchesConfig) {
+  // Verify that the version string specified in config.h matches the one
+  // in common.h.  The config.h version is a string which may have a suffix
+  // like "beta" or "rc1", so we remove that.
+  string version = PACKAGE_VERSION;
+  int pos = 0;
+  while (pos < version.size() &&
+         (ascii_isdigit(version[pos]) || version[pos] == '.')) {
+    ++pos;
+  }
+  version.erase(pos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(version, internal::VersionString(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION));
+}
+
+#endif  // PACKAGE_VERSION
+
+TEST(CommonTest, IntMinMaxConstants) {
+  // kint32min was declared incorrectly in the first release of protobufs.
+  // Ugh.
+  EXPECT_LT(kint32min, kint32max);
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32>(kint32min), static_cast<uint32>(kint32max) + 1);
+  EXPECT_LT(kint64min, kint64max);
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint64>(kint64min), static_cast<uint64>(kint64max) + 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, kuint32max + 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, kuint64max + 1);
+}
+
+std::vector<string> captured_messages_;
+
+void CaptureLog(LogLevel level, const char* filename, int line,
+                const string& message) {
+  captured_messages_.push_back(
+    strings::Substitute("$0 $1:$2: $3",
+      implicit_cast<int>(level), filename, line, message));
+}
+
+TEST(LoggingTest, DefaultLogging) {
+  CaptureTestStderr();
+  int line = __LINE__;
+  GOOGLE_LOG(INFO   ) << "A message.";
+  GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "A warning.";
+  GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR  ) << "An error.";
+
+  string text = GetCapturedTestStderr();
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+    "[libprotobuf INFO " __FILE__ ":" + SimpleItoa(line + 1) + "] A message.\n"
+    "[libprotobuf WARNING " __FILE__ ":" + SimpleItoa(line + 2) + "] A warning.\n"
+    "[libprotobuf ERROR " __FILE__ ":" + SimpleItoa(line + 3) + "] An error.\n",
+    text);
+}
+
+TEST(LoggingTest, NullLogging) {
+  LogHandler* old_handler = SetLogHandler(nullptr);
+
+  CaptureTestStderr();
+  GOOGLE_LOG(INFO   ) << "A message.";
+  GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "A warning.";
+  GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR  ) << "An error.";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(SetLogHandler(old_handler) == nullptr);
+
+  string text = GetCapturedTestStderr();
+  EXPECT_EQ("", text);
+}
+
+TEST(LoggingTest, CaptureLogging) {
+  captured_messages_.clear();
+
+  LogHandler* old_handler = SetLogHandler(&CaptureLog);
+
+  int start_line = __LINE__;
+  GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "An error.";
+  GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "A warning.";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(SetLogHandler(old_handler) == &CaptureLog);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, captured_messages_.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+    "2 " __FILE__ ":" + SimpleItoa(start_line + 1) + ": An error.",
+    captured_messages_[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+    "1 " __FILE__ ":" + SimpleItoa(start_line + 2) + ": A warning.",
+    captured_messages_[1]);
+}
+
+TEST(LoggingTest, SilenceLogging) {
+  captured_messages_.clear();
+
+  LogHandler* old_handler = SetLogHandler(&CaptureLog);
+
+  int line1 = __LINE__; GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "Visible1";
+  LogSilencer* silencer1 = new LogSilencer;
+  GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "Not visible.";
+  LogSilencer* silencer2 = new LogSilencer;
+  GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "Not visible.";
+  delete silencer1;
+  GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "Not visible.";
+  delete silencer2;
+  int line2 = __LINE__; GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "Visible2";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(SetLogHandler(old_handler) == &CaptureLog);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, captured_messages_.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+    "0 " __FILE__ ":" + SimpleItoa(line1) + ": Visible1",
+    captured_messages_[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+    "0 " __FILE__ ":" + SimpleItoa(line2) + ": Visible2",
+    captured_messages_[1]);
+}
+
+class ClosureTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  void SetA123Method()   { a_ = 123; }
+  static void SetA123Function() { current_instance_->a_ = 123; }
+
+  void SetAMethod(int a)         { a_ = a; }
+  void SetCMethod(string c)      { c_ = c; }
+
+  static void SetAFunction(int a)         { current_instance_->a_ = a; }
+  static void SetCFunction(string c)      { current_instance_->c_ = c; }
+
+  void SetABMethod(int a, const char* b)  { a_ = a; b_ = b; }
+  static void SetABFunction(int a, const char* b) {
+    current_instance_->a_ = a;
+    current_instance_->b_ = b;
+  }
+
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    current_instance_ = this;
+    a_ = 0;
+    b_ = nullptr;
+    c_.clear();
+    permanent_closure_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  void DeleteClosureInCallback() {
+    delete permanent_closure_;
+  }
+
+  int a_;
+  const char* b_;
+  string c_;
+  Closure* permanent_closure_;
+
+  static ClosureTest* current_instance_;
+};
+
+ClosureTest* ClosureTest::current_instance_ = nullptr;
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestClosureFunction0) {
+  Closure* closure = NewCallback(&SetA123Function);
+  EXPECT_NE(123, a_);
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, a_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestClosureMethod0) {
+  Closure* closure = NewCallback(current_instance_,
+                                 &ClosureTest::SetA123Method);
+  EXPECT_NE(123, a_);
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, a_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestClosureFunction1) {
+  Closure* closure = NewCallback(&SetAFunction, 456);
+  EXPECT_NE(456, a_);
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(456, a_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestClosureMethod1) {
+  Closure* closure = NewCallback(current_instance_,
+                                 &ClosureTest::SetAMethod, 456);
+  EXPECT_NE(456, a_);
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(456, a_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestClosureFunction1String) {
+  Closure* closure = NewCallback(&SetCFunction, string("test"));
+  EXPECT_NE("test", c_);
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ("test", c_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestClosureMethod1String) {
+  Closure* closure = NewCallback(current_instance_,
+                                 &ClosureTest::SetCMethod, string("test"));
+  EXPECT_NE("test", c_);
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ("test", c_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestClosureFunction2) {
+  const char* cstr = "hello";
+  Closure* closure = NewCallback(&SetABFunction, 789, cstr);
+  EXPECT_NE(789, a_);
+  EXPECT_NE(cstr, b_);
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(789, a_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cstr, b_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestClosureMethod2) {
+  const char* cstr = "hello";
+  Closure* closure = NewCallback(current_instance_,
+                                 &ClosureTest::SetABMethod, 789, cstr);
+  EXPECT_NE(789, a_);
+  EXPECT_NE(cstr, b_);
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(789, a_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cstr, b_);
+}
+
+// Repeat all of the above with NewPermanentCallback()
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestPermanentClosureFunction0) {
+  Closure* closure = NewPermanentCallback(&SetA123Function);
+  EXPECT_NE(123, a_);
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, a_);
+  a_ = 0;
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, a_);
+  delete closure;
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestPermanentClosureMethod0) {
+  Closure* closure = NewPermanentCallback(current_instance_,
+                                          &ClosureTest::SetA123Method);
+  EXPECT_NE(123, a_);
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, a_);
+  a_ = 0;
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, a_);
+  delete closure;
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestPermanentClosureFunction1) {
+  Closure* closure = NewPermanentCallback(&SetAFunction, 456);
+  EXPECT_NE(456, a_);
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(456, a_);
+  a_ = 0;
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(456, a_);
+  delete closure;
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestPermanentClosureMethod1) {
+  Closure* closure = NewPermanentCallback(current_instance_,
+                                          &ClosureTest::SetAMethod, 456);
+  EXPECT_NE(456, a_);
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(456, a_);
+  a_ = 0;
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(456, a_);
+  delete closure;
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestPermanentClosureFunction2) {
+  const char* cstr = "hello";
+  Closure* closure = NewPermanentCallback(&SetABFunction, 789, cstr);
+  EXPECT_NE(789, a_);
+  EXPECT_NE(cstr, b_);
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(789, a_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cstr, b_);
+  a_ = 0;
+  b_ = nullptr;
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(789, a_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cstr, b_);
+  delete closure;
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestPermanentClosureMethod2) {
+  const char* cstr = "hello";
+  Closure* closure = NewPermanentCallback(current_instance_,
+                                          &ClosureTest::SetABMethod, 789, cstr);
+  EXPECT_NE(789, a_);
+  EXPECT_NE(cstr, b_);
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(789, a_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cstr, b_);
+  a_ = 0;
+  b_ = nullptr;
+  closure->Run();
+  EXPECT_EQ(789, a_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(cstr, b_);
+  delete closure;
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClosureTest, TestPermanentClosureDeleteInCallback) {
+  permanent_closure_ = NewPermanentCallback((ClosureTest*) this,
+      &ClosureTest::DeleteClosureInCallback);
+  permanent_closure_->Run();
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/fastmem.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/fastmem.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76c8a3aea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/fastmem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Fast memory copying and comparison routines.
+//   strings::fastmemcmp_inlined() replaces memcmp()
+//   strings::memcpy_inlined() replaces memcpy()
+//   strings::memeq(a, b, n) replaces memcmp(a, b, n) == 0
+//
+// strings::*_inlined() routines are inline versions of the
+// routines exported by this module.  Sometimes using the inlined
+// versions is faster.  Measure before using the inlined versions.
+//
+// Performance measurement:
+//   strings::fastmemcmp_inlined
+//     Analysis: memcmp, fastmemcmp_inlined, fastmemcmp
+//     2012-01-30
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_FASTMEM_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_FASTMEM_H_
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// Return true if the n bytes at a equal the n bytes at b.
+// The regions are allowed to overlap.
+//
+// The performance is similar to the performance memcmp(), but faster for
+// moderately-sized inputs, or inputs that share a common prefix and differ
+// somewhere in their last 8 bytes. Further optimizations can be added later
+// if it makes sense to do so.:w
+inline bool memeq(const char* a, const char* b, size_t n) {
+  size_t n_rounded_down = n & ~static_cast<size_t>(7);
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(n_rounded_down == 0)) {  // n <= 7
+    return memcmp(a, b, n) == 0;
+  }
+  // n >= 8
+  uint64 u = GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(a) ^ GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(b);
+  uint64 v = GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(a + n - 8) ^ GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(b + n - 8);
+  if ((u | v) != 0) {  // The first or last 8 bytes differ.
+    return false;
+  }
+  a += 8;
+  b += 8;
+  n = n_rounded_down - 8;
+  if (n > 128) {
+    // As of 2012, memcmp on x86-64 uses a big unrolled loop with SSE2
+    // instructions, and while we could try to do something faster, it
+    // doesn't seem worth pursuing.
+    return memcmp(a, b, n) == 0;
+  }
+  for (; n >= 16; n -= 16) {
+    uint64 x = GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(a) ^ GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(b);
+    uint64 y = GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(a + 8) ^ GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(b + 8);
+    if ((x | y) != 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    a += 16;
+    b += 16;
+  }
+  // n must be 0 or 8 now because it was a multiple of 8 at the top of the loop.
+  return n == 0 || GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(a) == GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(b);
+}
+
+inline int fastmemcmp_inlined(const char *a, const char *b, size_t n) {
+  if (n >= 64) {
+    return memcmp(a, b, n);
+  }
+  const char* a_limit = a + n;
+  while (a + sizeof(uint64) <= a_limit &&
+         GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(a) == GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(b)) {
+    a += sizeof(uint64);
+    b += sizeof(uint64);
+  }
+  if (a + sizeof(uint32) <= a_limit &&
+      GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD32(a) == GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD32(b)) {
+    a += sizeof(uint32);
+    b += sizeof(uint32);
+  }
+  while (a < a_limit) {
+    int d =
+        static_cast<int>(static_cast<uint32>(*a++) - static_cast<uint32>(*b++));
+    if (d) return d;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// The standard memcpy operation is slow for variable small sizes.
+// This implementation inlines the optimal realization for sizes 1 to 16.
+// To avoid code bloat don't use it in case of not performance-critical spots,
+// nor when you don't expect very frequent values of size <= 16.
+inline void memcpy_inlined(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size) {
+  // Compiler inlines code with minimal amount of data movement when third
+  // parameter of memcpy is a constant.
+  switch (size) {
+    case  1: memcpy(dst, src, 1); break;
+    case  2: memcpy(dst, src, 2); break;
+    case  3: memcpy(dst, src, 3); break;
+    case  4: memcpy(dst, src, 4); break;
+    case  5: memcpy(dst, src, 5); break;
+    case  6: memcpy(dst, src, 6); break;
+    case  7: memcpy(dst, src, 7); break;
+    case  8: memcpy(dst, src, 8); break;
+    case  9: memcpy(dst, src, 9); break;
+    case 10: memcpy(dst, src, 10); break;
+    case 11: memcpy(dst, src, 11); break;
+    case 12: memcpy(dst, src, 12); break;
+    case 13: memcpy(dst, src, 13); break;
+    case 14: memcpy(dst, src, 14); break;
+    case 15: memcpy(dst, src, 15); break;
+    case 16: memcpy(dst, src, 16); break;
+    default: memcpy(dst, src, size); break;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_FASTMEM_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a093b406c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_HASH_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_HASH_H__
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+# define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE_DECLARATION_START \
+  namespace google {                                      \
+  namespace protobuf {
+# define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE_DECLARATION_END }}
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+template <typename Key>
+struct hash : public std::hash<Key> {};
+
+template <typename Key>
+struct hash<const Key*> {
+  inline size_t operator()(const Key* key) const {
+    return reinterpret_cast<size_t>(key);
+  }
+};
+
+// Unlike the old SGI version, the TR1 "hash" does not special-case char*.  So,
+// we go ahead and provide our own implementation.
+template <>
+struct hash<const char*> {
+  inline size_t operator()(const char* str) const {
+    size_t result = 0;
+    for (; *str != '\0'; str++) {
+      result = 5 * result + static_cast<size_t>(*str);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct hash<bool> {
+  size_t operator()(bool x) const {
+    return static_cast<size_t>(x);
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct hash<string> {
+  inline size_t operator()(const string& key) const {
+    return hash<const char*>()(key.c_str());
+  }
+
+  static const size_t bucket_size = 4;
+  static const size_t min_buckets = 8;
+  inline bool operator()(const string& a, const string& b) const {
+    return a < b;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename First, typename Second>
+struct hash<std::pair<First, Second> > {
+  inline size_t operator()(const std::pair<First, Second>& key) const {
+    size_t first_hash = hash<First>()(key.first);
+    size_t second_hash = hash<Second>()(key.second);
+
+    // FIXME(kenton):  What is the best way to compute this hash?  I have
+    // no idea!  This seems a bit better than an XOR.
+    return first_hash * ((1 << 16) - 1) + second_hash;
+  }
+
+  static const size_t bucket_size = 4;
+  static const size_t min_buckets = 8;
+  inline bool operator()(const std::pair<First, Second>& a,
+                           const std::pair<First, Second>& b) const {
+    return a < b;
+  }
+};
+
+// Used by GCC/SGI STL only.  (Why isn't this provided by the standard
+// library?  :( )
+struct streq {
+  inline bool operator()(const char* a, const char* b) const {
+    return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_HASH_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/int128.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/int128.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2119e6550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/int128.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/int128.h>
+
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <ostream>  // NOLINT(readability/streams)
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+const uint128_pod kuint128max = {
+    static_cast<uint64>(PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)),
+    static_cast<uint64>(PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF))
+};
+
+// Returns the 0-based position of the last set bit (i.e., most significant bit)
+// in the given uint64. The argument may not be 0.
+//
+// For example:
+//   Given: 5 (decimal) == 101 (binary)
+//   Returns: 2
+#define STEP(T, n, pos, sh)                   \
+  do {                                        \
+    if ((n) >= (static_cast<T>(1) << (sh))) { \
+      (n) = (n) >> (sh);                      \
+      (pos) |= (sh);                          \
+    }                                         \
+  } while (0)
+static inline int Fls64(uint64 n) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(0, n);
+  int pos = 0;
+  STEP(uint64, n, pos, 0x20);
+  uint32 n32 = n;
+  STEP(uint32, n32, pos, 0x10);
+  STEP(uint32, n32, pos, 0x08);
+  STEP(uint32, n32, pos, 0x04);
+  return pos + ((PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x3333333322221100) >> (n32 << 2)) & 0x3);
+}
+#undef STEP
+
+// Like Fls64() above, but returns the 0-based position of the last set bit
+// (i.e., most significant bit) in the given uint128. The argument may not be 0.
+static inline int Fls128(uint128 n) {
+  if (uint64 hi = Uint128High64(n)) {
+    return Fls64(hi) + 64;
+  }
+  return Fls64(Uint128Low64(n));
+}
+
+void uint128::DivModImpl(uint128 dividend, uint128 divisor,
+                         uint128* quotient_ret, uint128* remainder_ret) {
+  if (divisor == 0) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Division or mod by zero: dividend.hi=" << dividend.hi_
+                      << ", lo=" << dividend.lo_;
+  } else if (dividend < divisor) {
+    *quotient_ret = 0;
+    *remainder_ret = dividend;
+    return;
+  } else {
+    int dividend_bit_length = Fls128(dividend);
+    int divisor_bit_length = Fls128(divisor);
+    int difference = dividend_bit_length - divisor_bit_length;
+    uint128 quotient = 0;
+    while (difference >= 0) {
+      quotient <<= 1;
+      uint128 shifted_divisor = divisor << difference;
+      if (shifted_divisor <= dividend) {
+        dividend -= shifted_divisor;
+        quotient += 1;
+      }
+      difference -= 1;
+    }
+    //record the final quotient and remainder
+    *quotient_ret = quotient;
+    *remainder_ret = dividend;
+  }
+}
+
+
+uint128& uint128::operator/=(const uint128& divisor) {
+  uint128 quotient = 0;
+  uint128 remainder = 0;
+  DivModImpl(*this, divisor, &quotient, &remainder);
+  *this = quotient;
+  return *this;
+}
+uint128& uint128::operator%=(const uint128& divisor) {
+  uint128 quotient = 0;
+  uint128 remainder = 0;
+  DivModImpl(*this, divisor, &quotient, &remainder);
+  *this = remainder;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, const uint128& b) {
+  std::ios_base::fmtflags flags = o.flags();
+
+  // Select a divisor which is the largest power of the base < 2^64.
+  uint128 div;
+  std::streamsize div_base_log;
+  switch (flags & std::ios::basefield) {
+    case std::ios::hex:
+      div =
+          static_cast<uint64>(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x1000000000000000));  // 16^15
+      div_base_log = 15;
+      break;
+    case std::ios::oct:
+      div = static_cast<uint64>(
+          PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(01000000000000000000000));  // 8^21
+      div_base_log = 21;
+      break;
+    default:  // std::ios::dec
+      div = static_cast<uint64>(
+          PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(10000000000000000000));  // 10^19
+      div_base_log = 19;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  // Now piece together the uint128 representation from three chunks of
+  // the original value, each less than "div" and therefore representable
+  // as a uint64.
+  std::ostringstream os;
+  std::ios_base::fmtflags copy_mask =
+      std::ios::basefield | std::ios::showbase | std::ios::uppercase;
+  os.setf(flags & copy_mask, copy_mask);
+  uint128 high = b;
+  uint128 low;
+  uint128::DivModImpl(high, div, &high, &low);
+  uint128 mid;
+  uint128::DivModImpl(high, div, &high, &mid);
+  if (high.lo_ != 0) {
+    os << high.lo_;
+    os << std::noshowbase << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(div_base_log);
+    os << mid.lo_;
+    os << std::setw(div_base_log);
+  } else if (mid.lo_ != 0) {
+    os << mid.lo_;
+    os << std::noshowbase << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(div_base_log);
+  }
+  os << low.lo_;
+  std::string rep = os.str();
+
+  // Add the requisite padding.
+  std::streamsize width = o.width(0);
+  if (width > rep.size()) {
+    if ((flags & std::ios::adjustfield) == std::ios::left) {
+      rep.append(width - rep.size(), o.fill());
+    } else {
+      rep.insert(static_cast<std::string::size_type>(0),
+                 width - rep.size(), o.fill());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Stream the final representation in a single "<<" call.
+  return o << rep;
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/int128.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/int128.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc70d96eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/int128.h
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_INT128_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_INT128_H_
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+struct uint128_pod;
+
+// TODO(xiaofeng): Define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_CONSTEXPR when constexpr is
+// available.
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_CONSTEXPR
+# define UINT128_CONSTEXPR constexpr
+#else
+# define UINT128_CONSTEXPR
+#endif
+
+// An unsigned 128-bit integer type. Thread-compatible.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT uint128 {
+ public:
+  UINT128_CONSTEXPR uint128();  // Sets to 0, but don't trust on this behavior.
+  UINT128_CONSTEXPR uint128(uint64 top, uint64 bottom);
+#ifndef SWIG
+  UINT128_CONSTEXPR uint128(int bottom);
+  UINT128_CONSTEXPR uint128(uint32 bottom);   // Top 96 bits = 0
+#endif
+  UINT128_CONSTEXPR uint128(uint64 bottom);   // hi_ = 0
+  UINT128_CONSTEXPR uint128(const uint128_pod &val);
+
+  // Trivial copy constructor, assignment operator and destructor.
+
+  void Initialize(uint64 top, uint64 bottom);
+
+  // Arithmetic operators.
+  uint128& operator+=(const uint128& b);
+  uint128& operator-=(const uint128& b);
+  uint128& operator*=(const uint128& b);
+  // Long division/modulo for uint128.
+  uint128& operator/=(const uint128& b);
+  uint128& operator%=(const uint128& b);
+  uint128 operator++(int);
+  uint128 operator--(int);
+  uint128& operator<<=(int);
+  uint128& operator>>=(int);
+  uint128& operator&=(const uint128& b);
+  uint128& operator|=(const uint128& b);
+  uint128& operator^=(const uint128& b);
+  uint128& operator++();
+  uint128& operator--();
+
+  friend uint64 Uint128Low64(const uint128& v);
+  friend uint64 Uint128High64(const uint128& v);
+
+  // We add "std::" to avoid including all of port.h.
+  PROTOBUF_EXPORT friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o,
+                                                  const uint128& b);
+
+ private:
+  static void DivModImpl(uint128 dividend, uint128 divisor,
+                         uint128* quotient_ret, uint128* remainder_ret);
+
+  // Little-endian memory order optimizations can benefit from
+  // having lo_ first, hi_ last.
+  // See util/endian/endian.h and Load128/Store128 for storing a uint128.
+  uint64        lo_;
+  uint64        hi_;
+
+  // Not implemented, just declared for catching automatic type conversions.
+  uint128(uint8);
+  uint128(uint16);
+  uint128(float v);
+  uint128(double v);
+};
+
+// This is a POD form of uint128 which can be used for static variables which
+// need to be operated on as uint128.
+struct uint128_pod {
+  // Note: The ordering of fields is different than 'class uint128' but the
+  // same as its 2-arg constructor.  This enables more obvious initialization
+  // of static instances, which is the primary reason for this struct in the
+  // first place.  This does not seem to defeat any optimizations wrt
+  // operations involving this struct.
+  uint64 hi;
+  uint64 lo;
+};
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern const uint128_pod kuint128max;
+
+// allow uint128 to be logged
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o,
+                                                const uint128& b);
+
+// Methods to access low and high pieces of 128-bit value.
+// Defined externally from uint128 to facilitate conversion
+// to native 128-bit types when compilers support them.
+inline uint64 Uint128Low64(const uint128& v) { return v.lo_; }
+inline uint64 Uint128High64(const uint128& v) { return v.hi_; }
+
+// TODO: perhaps it would be nice to have int128, a signed 128-bit type?
+
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//                      Implementation details follow
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+inline bool operator==(const uint128& lhs, const uint128& rhs) {
+  return (Uint128Low64(lhs) == Uint128Low64(rhs) &&
+          Uint128High64(lhs) == Uint128High64(rhs));
+}
+inline bool operator!=(const uint128& lhs, const uint128& rhs) {
+  return !(lhs == rhs);
+}
+
+inline UINT128_CONSTEXPR uint128::uint128() : lo_(0), hi_(0) {}
+inline UINT128_CONSTEXPR uint128::uint128(uint64 top, uint64 bottom)
+    : lo_(bottom), hi_(top) {}
+inline UINT128_CONSTEXPR uint128::uint128(const uint128_pod& v)
+    : lo_(v.lo), hi_(v.hi) {}
+inline UINT128_CONSTEXPR uint128::uint128(uint64 bottom)
+    : lo_(bottom), hi_(0) {}
+#ifndef SWIG
+inline UINT128_CONSTEXPR uint128::uint128(uint32 bottom)
+    : lo_(bottom), hi_(0) {}
+inline UINT128_CONSTEXPR uint128::uint128(int bottom)
+    : lo_(bottom), hi_(static_cast<int64>((bottom < 0) ? -1 : 0)) {}
+#endif
+
+#undef UINT128_CONSTEXPR
+
+inline void uint128::Initialize(uint64 top, uint64 bottom) {
+  hi_ = top;
+  lo_ = bottom;
+}
+
+// Comparison operators.
+
+#define CMP128(op)                                                \
+inline bool operator op(const uint128& lhs, const uint128& rhs) { \
+  return (Uint128High64(lhs) == Uint128High64(rhs)) ?             \
+      (Uint128Low64(lhs) op Uint128Low64(rhs)) :                  \
+      (Uint128High64(lhs) op Uint128High64(rhs));                 \
+}
+
+CMP128(<)
+CMP128(>)
+CMP128(>=)
+CMP128(<=)
+
+#undef CMP128
+
+// Unary operators
+
+inline uint128 operator-(const uint128& val) {
+  const uint64 hi_flip = ~Uint128High64(val);
+  const uint64 lo_flip = ~Uint128Low64(val);
+  const uint64 lo_add = lo_flip + 1;
+  if (lo_add < lo_flip) {
+    return uint128(hi_flip + 1, lo_add);
+  }
+  return uint128(hi_flip, lo_add);
+}
+
+inline bool operator!(const uint128& val) {
+  return !Uint128High64(val) && !Uint128Low64(val);
+}
+
+// Logical operators.
+
+inline uint128 operator~(const uint128& val) {
+  return uint128(~Uint128High64(val), ~Uint128Low64(val));
+}
+
+#define LOGIC128(op)                                                 \
+inline uint128 operator op(const uint128& lhs, const uint128& rhs) { \
+  return uint128(Uint128High64(lhs) op Uint128High64(rhs),           \
+                 Uint128Low64(lhs) op Uint128Low64(rhs));            \
+}
+
+LOGIC128(|)
+LOGIC128(&)
+LOGIC128(^)
+
+#undef LOGIC128
+
+#define LOGICASSIGN128(op)                                   \
+inline uint128& uint128::operator op(const uint128& other) { \
+  hi_ op other.hi_;                                          \
+  lo_ op other.lo_;                                          \
+  return *this;                                              \
+}
+
+LOGICASSIGN128(|=)
+LOGICASSIGN128(&=)
+LOGICASSIGN128(^=)
+
+#undef LOGICASSIGN128
+
+// Shift operators.
+
+inline uint128 operator<<(const uint128& val, int amount) {
+  // uint64 shifts of >= 64 are undefined, so we will need some special-casing.
+  if (amount < 64) {
+    if (amount == 0) {
+      return val;
+    }
+    uint64 new_hi = (Uint128High64(val) << amount) |
+                    (Uint128Low64(val) >> (64 - amount));
+    uint64 new_lo = Uint128Low64(val) << amount;
+    return uint128(new_hi, new_lo);
+  } else if (amount < 128) {
+    return uint128(Uint128Low64(val) << (amount - 64), 0);
+  } else {
+    return uint128(0, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+inline uint128 operator>>(const uint128& val, int amount) {
+  // uint64 shifts of >= 64 are undefined, so we will need some special-casing.
+  if (amount < 64) {
+    if (amount == 0) {
+      return val;
+    }
+    uint64 new_hi = Uint128High64(val) >> amount;
+    uint64 new_lo = (Uint128Low64(val) >> amount) |
+                    (Uint128High64(val) << (64 - amount));
+    return uint128(new_hi, new_lo);
+  } else if (amount < 128) {
+    return uint128(0, Uint128High64(val) >> (amount - 64));
+  } else {
+    return uint128(0, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+inline uint128& uint128::operator<<=(int amount) {
+  // uint64 shifts of >= 64 are undefined, so we will need some special-casing.
+  if (amount < 64) {
+    if (amount != 0) {
+      hi_ = (hi_ << amount) | (lo_ >> (64 - amount));
+      lo_ = lo_ << amount;
+    }
+  } else if (amount < 128) {
+    hi_ = lo_ << (amount - 64);
+    lo_ = 0;
+  } else {
+    hi_ = 0;
+    lo_ = 0;
+  }
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline uint128& uint128::operator>>=(int amount) {
+  // uint64 shifts of >= 64 are undefined, so we will need some special-casing.
+  if (amount < 64) {
+    if (amount != 0) {
+      lo_ = (lo_ >> amount) | (hi_ << (64 - amount));
+      hi_ = hi_ >> amount;
+    }
+  } else if (amount < 128) {
+    lo_ = hi_ >> (amount - 64);
+    hi_ = 0;
+  } else {
+    lo_ = 0;
+    hi_ = 0;
+  }
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline uint128 operator+(const uint128& lhs, const uint128& rhs) {
+  return uint128(lhs) += rhs;
+}
+
+inline uint128 operator-(const uint128& lhs, const uint128& rhs) {
+  return uint128(lhs) -= rhs;
+}
+
+inline uint128 operator*(const uint128& lhs, const uint128& rhs) {
+  return uint128(lhs) *= rhs;
+}
+
+inline uint128 operator/(const uint128& lhs, const uint128& rhs) {
+  return uint128(lhs) /= rhs;
+}
+
+inline uint128 operator%(const uint128& lhs, const uint128& rhs) {
+  return uint128(lhs) %= rhs;
+}
+
+inline uint128& uint128::operator+=(const uint128& b) {
+  hi_ += b.hi_;
+  uint64 lolo = lo_ + b.lo_;
+  if (lolo < lo_)
+    ++hi_;
+  lo_ = lolo;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline uint128& uint128::operator-=(const uint128& b) {
+  hi_ -= b.hi_;
+  if (b.lo_ > lo_)
+    --hi_;
+  lo_ -= b.lo_;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline uint128& uint128::operator*=(const uint128& b) {
+  uint64 a96 = hi_ >> 32;
+  uint64 a64 = hi_ & 0xffffffffu;
+  uint64 a32 = lo_ >> 32;
+  uint64 a00 = lo_ & 0xffffffffu;
+  uint64 b96 = b.hi_ >> 32;
+  uint64 b64 = b.hi_ & 0xffffffffu;
+  uint64 b32 = b.lo_ >> 32;
+  uint64 b00 = b.lo_ & 0xffffffffu;
+  // multiply [a96 .. a00] x [b96 .. b00]
+  // terms higher than c96 disappear off the high side
+  // terms c96 and c64 are safe to ignore carry bit
+  uint64 c96 = a96 * b00 + a64 * b32 + a32 * b64 + a00 * b96;
+  uint64 c64 = a64 * b00 + a32 * b32 + a00 * b64;
+  this->hi_ = (c96 << 32) + c64;
+  this->lo_ = 0;
+  // add terms after this one at a time to capture carry
+  *this += uint128(a32 * b00) << 32;
+  *this += uint128(a00 * b32) << 32;
+  *this += a00 * b00;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline uint128 uint128::operator++(int) {
+  uint128 tmp(*this);
+  *this += 1;
+  return tmp;
+}
+
+inline uint128 uint128::operator--(int) {
+  uint128 tmp(*this);
+  *this -= 1;
+  return tmp;
+}
+
+inline uint128& uint128::operator++() {
+  *this += 1;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline uint128& uint128::operator--() {
+  *this -= 1;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_INT128_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/int128_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/int128_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a8125d48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/int128_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/int128.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+TEST(Int128, AllTests) {
+  uint128 zero(0);
+  uint128 one(1);
+  uint128 one_2arg(0, 1);
+  uint128 two(0, 2);
+  uint128 three(0, 3);
+  uint128 big(2000, 2);
+  uint128 big_minus_one(2000, 1);
+  uint128 bigger(2001, 1);
+  uint128 biggest(kuint128max);
+  uint128 high_low(1, 0);
+  uint128 low_high(0, kuint64max);
+  EXPECT_LT(one, two);
+  EXPECT_GT(two, one);
+  EXPECT_LT(one, big);
+  EXPECT_LT(one, big);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, one_2arg);
+  EXPECT_NE(one, two);
+  EXPECT_GT(big, one);
+  EXPECT_GE(big, two);
+  EXPECT_GE(big, big_minus_one);
+  EXPECT_GT(big, big_minus_one);
+  EXPECT_LT(big_minus_one, big);
+  EXPECT_LE(big_minus_one, big);
+  EXPECT_NE(big_minus_one, big);
+  EXPECT_LT(big, biggest);
+  EXPECT_LE(big, biggest);
+  EXPECT_GT(biggest, big);
+  EXPECT_GE(biggest, big);
+  EXPECT_EQ(big, ~~big);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, one | one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(big, big | big);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, one | zero);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, one & one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(big, big & big);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero, one & zero);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero, big & ~big);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero, one ^ one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero, big ^ big);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, one ^ zero);
+
+  // Shift operators.
+  EXPECT_EQ(big, big << 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(big, big >> 0);
+  EXPECT_GT(big << 1, big);
+  EXPECT_LT(big >> 1, big);
+  EXPECT_EQ(big, (big << 10) >> 10);
+  EXPECT_EQ(big, (big >> 1) << 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, (one << 80) >> 80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero, (one >> 80) << 80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero, big >> 128);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero, big << 128);
+
+  // Shift assignments.
+  uint128 big_copy = big;
+  EXPECT_EQ(big << 0, big_copy <<= 0);
+  big_copy = big;
+  EXPECT_EQ(big >> 0, big_copy >>= 0);
+  big_copy = big;
+  EXPECT_EQ(big << 1, big_copy <<= 1);
+  big_copy = big;
+  EXPECT_EQ(big >> 1, big_copy >>= 1);
+  big_copy = big;
+  EXPECT_EQ(big << 10, big_copy <<= 10);
+  big_copy = big;
+  EXPECT_EQ(big >> 10, big_copy >>= 10);
+  big_copy = big;
+  EXPECT_EQ(big << 64, big_copy <<= 64);
+  big_copy = big;
+  EXPECT_EQ(big >> 64, big_copy >>= 64);
+  big_copy = big;
+  EXPECT_EQ(big << 73, big_copy <<= 73);
+  big_copy = big;
+  EXPECT_EQ(big >> 73, big_copy >>= 73);
+  big_copy = big;
+  EXPECT_EQ(big << 128, big_copy <<= 128);
+  big_copy = big;
+  EXPECT_EQ(big >> 128, big_copy >>= 128);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(Uint128High64(biggest), kuint64max);
+  EXPECT_EQ(Uint128Low64(biggest), kuint64max);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero + one, one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one + one, two);
+  EXPECT_EQ(big_minus_one + one, big);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one - one, zero);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one - zero, one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero - one, biggest);
+  EXPECT_EQ(big - big, zero);
+  EXPECT_EQ(big - one, big_minus_one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(big + kuint64max, bigger);
+  EXPECT_EQ(biggest + 1, zero);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero - 1, biggest);
+  EXPECT_EQ(high_low - one, low_high);
+  EXPECT_EQ(low_high + one, high_low);
+  EXPECT_EQ(Uint128High64((uint128(1) << 64) - 1), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(Uint128Low64((uint128(1) << 64) - 1), kuint64max);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!!one);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!!high_low);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(!!zero);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(!one);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(!high_low);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!zero);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(zero == 0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(zero != 0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(one == 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(one != 0);
+
+  uint128 test = zero;
+  EXPECT_EQ(++test, one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test, one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test++, one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test, two);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test -= 2, zero);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test, zero);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test += 2, two);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test, two);
+  EXPECT_EQ(--test, one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test, one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test--, one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test, zero);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test |= three, three);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test &= one, one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test ^= three, two);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test >>= 1, one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(test <<= 1, two);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(big, -(-big));
+  EXPECT_EQ(two, -((-one) - 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kuint128max, -one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero, -zero);
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << one;
+  GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << big_minus_one;
+}
+
+TEST(Int128, PodTests) {
+  uint128_pod pod = { 12345, 67890 };
+  uint128 from_pod(pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(12345, Uint128High64(from_pod));
+  EXPECT_EQ(67890, Uint128Low64(from_pod));
+
+  uint128 zero(0);
+  uint128_pod zero_pod = {0, 0};
+  uint128 one(1);
+  uint128_pod one_pod = {0, 1};
+  uint128 two(2);
+  uint128_pod two_pod = {0, 2};
+  uint128 three(3);
+  uint128_pod three_pod = {0, 3};
+  uint128 big(1, 0);
+  uint128_pod big_pod = {1, 0};
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero, zero_pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero_pod, zero);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero_pod, zero_pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, one_pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one_pod, one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one_pod, one_pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(two, two_pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(two_pod, two);
+  EXPECT_EQ(two_pod, two_pod);
+
+  EXPECT_NE(one, two_pod);
+  EXPECT_NE(one_pod, two);
+  EXPECT_NE(one_pod, two_pod);
+
+  EXPECT_LT(one, two_pod);
+  EXPECT_LT(one_pod, two);
+  EXPECT_LT(one_pod, two_pod);
+  EXPECT_LE(one, one_pod);
+  EXPECT_LE(one_pod, one);
+  EXPECT_LE(one_pod, one_pod);
+  EXPECT_LE(one, two_pod);
+  EXPECT_LE(one_pod, two);
+  EXPECT_LE(one_pod, two_pod);
+
+  EXPECT_GT(two, one_pod);
+  EXPECT_GT(two_pod, one);
+  EXPECT_GT(two_pod, one_pod);
+  EXPECT_GE(two, two_pod);
+  EXPECT_GE(two_pod, two);
+  EXPECT_GE(two_pod, two_pod);
+  EXPECT_GE(two, one_pod);
+  EXPECT_GE(two_pod, one);
+  EXPECT_GE(two_pod, one_pod);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(three, one | two_pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(three, one_pod | two);
+  EXPECT_EQ(three, one_pod | two_pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, three & one_pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, three_pod & one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, three_pod & one_pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(two, three ^ one_pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(two, three_pod ^ one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(two, three_pod ^ one_pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(two, three & (~one));
+  EXPECT_EQ(three, ~~three);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(two, two_pod << 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(two, one_pod << 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(big, one_pod << 64);
+  EXPECT_EQ(zero, one_pod << 128);
+  EXPECT_EQ(two, two_pod >> 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, two_pod >> 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, big_pod >> 64);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, zero + one_pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, zero_pod + one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, zero_pod + one_pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, two - one_pod);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, two_pod - one);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, two_pod - one_pod);
+}
+
+TEST(Int128, OperatorAssignReturnRef) {
+  uint128 v(1);
+  (v += 4) -= 3;
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, v);
+}
+
+TEST(Int128, Multiply) {
+  uint128 a, b, c;
+
+  // Zero test.
+  a = 0;
+  b = 0;
+  c = a * b;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, c);
+
+  // Max carries.
+  a = uint128(0) - 1;
+  b = uint128(0) - 1;
+  c = a * b;
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, c);
+
+  // Self-operation with max carries.
+  c = uint128(0) - 1;
+  c *= c;
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, c);
+
+  // 1-bit x 1-bit.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < 64; ++j) {
+      a = uint128(1) << i;
+      b = uint128(1) << j;
+      c = a * b;
+      EXPECT_EQ(uint128(1) << (i+j), c);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Verified with dc.
+  a = uint128(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xffffeeeeddddcccc),
+              PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xbbbbaaaa99998888));
+  b = uint128(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x7777666655554444),
+              PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x3333222211110000));
+  c = a * b;
+  EXPECT_EQ(uint128(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x530EDA741C71D4C3),
+                    PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xBF25975319080000)),
+            c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, c - b * a);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a * a - b * b, (a + b) * (a - b));
+
+  // Verified with dc.
+  a = uint128(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x0123456789abcdef),
+              PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xfedcba9876543210));
+  b = uint128(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x02468ace13579bdf),
+              PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xfdb97531eca86420));
+  c = a * b;
+  EXPECT_EQ(uint128(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x97a87f4f261ba3f2),
+                    PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x342d0bbf48948200)),
+            c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, c - b * a);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a*a - b*b, (a+b) * (a-b));
+}
+
+TEST(Int128, AliasTests) {
+  uint128 x1(1, 2);
+  uint128 x2(2, 4);
+  x1 += x1;
+  EXPECT_EQ(x2, x1);
+
+  uint128 x3(1, static_cast<uint64>(1) << 63);
+  uint128 x4(3, 0);
+  x3 += x3;
+  EXPECT_EQ(x4, x3);
+}
+
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+TEST(Int128, DivideByZeroCheckFails) {
+  uint128 a = 0;
+  uint128 b = 0;
+  EXPECT_DEATH(a / b, "Division or mod by zero:");
+  a = 123;
+  EXPECT_DEATH(a / b, "Division or mod by zero:");
+}
+
+TEST(Int128, ModByZeroCheckFails) {
+  uint128 a = 0;
+  uint128 b = 0;
+  EXPECT_DEATH(a % b, "Division or mod by zero:");
+  a = 123;
+  EXPECT_DEATH(a % b, "Division or mod by zero:");
+}
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+TEST(Int128, DivideAndMod) {
+  // a := q * b + r
+  uint128 a, b, q, r;
+
+  // Zero test.
+  a = 0;
+  b = 123;
+  q = a / b;
+  r = a % b;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, q);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, r);
+
+  a = uint128(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x530eda741c71d4c3),
+              PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xbf25975319080000));
+  q = uint128(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x4de2cab081),
+              PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x14c34ab4676e4bab));
+  b = uint128(0x1110001);
+  r = uint128(0x3eb455);
+  ASSERT_EQ(a, q * b + r);  // Sanity-check.
+
+  uint128 result_q, result_r;
+  result_q = a / b;
+  result_r = a % b;
+  EXPECT_EQ(q, result_q);
+  EXPECT_EQ(r, result_r);
+
+  // Try the other way around.
+  std::swap(q, b);
+  result_q = a / b;
+  result_r = a % b;
+  EXPECT_EQ(q, result_q);
+  EXPECT_EQ(r, result_r);
+  // Restore.
+  std::swap(b, q);
+
+  // Dividend < divisor; result should be q:0 r:<dividend>.
+  std::swap(a, b);
+  result_q = a / b;
+  result_r = a % b;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, result_q);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, result_r);
+  // Try the other way around.
+  std::swap(a, q);
+  result_q = a / b;
+  result_r = a % b;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, result_q);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, result_r);
+  // Restore.
+  std::swap(q, a);
+  std::swap(b, a);
+
+  // Try a large remainder.
+  b = a / 2 + 1;
+  uint128 expected_r(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x29876d3a0e38ea61),
+                     PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xdf92cba98c83ffff));
+  // Sanity checks.
+  ASSERT_EQ(a / 2 - 1, expected_r);
+  ASSERT_EQ(a, b + expected_r);
+  result_q = a / b;
+  result_r = a % b;
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, result_q);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_r, result_r);
+}
+
+static uint64 RandomUint64() {
+  uint64 v1 = rand();
+  uint64 v2 = rand();
+  uint64 v3 = rand();
+  return v1 * v2 + v3;
+}
+
+TEST(Int128, DivideAndModRandomInputs) {
+  const int kNumIters = 1 << 18;
+  for (int i = 0; i < kNumIters; ++i) {
+    const uint128 a(RandomUint64(), RandomUint64());
+    const uint128 b(RandomUint64(), RandomUint64());
+    if (b == 0) {
+      continue;  // Avoid a div-by-zero.
+    }
+    const uint128 q = a / b;
+    const uint128 r = a % b;
+    ASSERT_EQ(a, b * q + r);
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_CONSTEXPR
+TEST(Int128, ConstexprTest) {
+  constexpr uint128 zero;
+  constexpr uint128 one = 1;
+  constexpr uint128_pod pod = {2, 3};
+  constexpr uint128 from_pod = pod;
+  constexpr uint128 minus_two = -2;
+  EXPECT_EQ(one, uint128(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(from_pod, uint128(2, 3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(minus_two, uint128(-1ULL, -2ULL));
+}
+
+TEST(Int128, Traits) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<uint128>::value);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<uint128>::value);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::is_trivially_destructible<uint128>::value);
+}
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_CONSTEXPR
+
+TEST(Int128, OStream) {
+  struct {
+    uint128 val;
+    std::ios_base::fmtflags flags;
+    std::streamsize width;
+    char fill;
+    const char* rep;
+  } cases[] = {
+      // zero with different bases
+      {uint128(0), std::ios::dec, 0, '_', "0"},
+      {uint128(0), std::ios::oct, 0, '_', "0"},
+      {uint128(0), std::ios::hex, 0, '_', "0"},
+      // crossover between lo_ and hi_
+      {uint128(0, -1), std::ios::dec, 0, '_', "18446744073709551615"},
+      {uint128(0, -1), std::ios::oct, 0, '_', "1777777777777777777777"},
+      {uint128(0, -1), std::ios::hex, 0, '_', "ffffffffffffffff"},
+      {uint128(1, 0), std::ios::dec, 0, '_', "18446744073709551616"},
+      {uint128(1, 0), std::ios::oct, 0, '_', "2000000000000000000000"},
+      {uint128(1, 0), std::ios::hex, 0, '_', "10000000000000000"},
+      // just the top bit
+      {uint128(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x8000000000000000), 0), std::ios::dec, 0,
+       '_', "170141183460469231731687303715884105728"},
+      {uint128(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x8000000000000000), 0), std::ios::oct, 0,
+       '_', "2000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"},
+      {uint128(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0x8000000000000000), 0), std::ios::hex, 0,
+       '_', "80000000000000000000000000000000"},
+      // maximum uint128 value
+      {uint128(-1, -1), std::ios::dec, 0, '_',
+       "340282366920938463463374607431768211455"},
+      {uint128(-1, -1), std::ios::oct, 0, '_',
+       "3777777777777777777777777777777777777777777"},
+      {uint128(-1, -1), std::ios::hex, 0, '_',
+       "ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"},
+      // uppercase
+      {uint128(-1, -1), std::ios::hex | std::ios::uppercase, 0, '_',
+       "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF"},
+      // showbase
+      {uint128(1), std::ios::dec | std::ios::showbase, 0, '_', "1"},
+      {uint128(1), std::ios::oct | std::ios::showbase, 0, '_', "01"},
+      {uint128(1), std::ios::hex | std::ios::showbase, 0, '_', "0x1"},
+      // showbase does nothing on zero
+      {uint128(0), std::ios::dec | std::ios::showbase, 0, '_', "0"},
+      {uint128(0), std::ios::oct | std::ios::showbase, 0, '_', "0"},
+      {uint128(0), std::ios::hex | std::ios::showbase, 0, '_', "0"},
+      // showpos does nothing on unsigned types
+      {uint128(1), std::ios::dec | std::ios::showpos, 0, '_', "1"},
+      // padding
+      {uint128(9), std::ios::dec, 6, '_', "_____9"},
+      {uint128(12345), std::ios::dec, 6, '_', "_12345"},
+      // left adjustment
+      {uint128(9), std::ios::dec | std::ios::left, 6, '_', "9_____"},
+      {uint128(12345), std::ios::dec | std::ios::left, 6, '_', "12345_"},
+  };
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(cases); ++i) {
+    std::ostringstream os;
+    os.flags(cases[i].flags);
+    os.width(cases[i].width);
+    os.fill(cases[i].fill);
+    os << cases[i].val;
+    EXPECT_EQ(cases[i].rep, os.str());
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f37048d67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_LOGGING_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_LOGGING_H_
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/port.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+// ===================================================================
+// emulates google3/base/logging.h
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+enum LogLevel {
+  LOGLEVEL_INFO,     // Informational.  This is never actually used by
+                     // libprotobuf.
+  LOGLEVEL_WARNING,  // Warns about issues that, although not technically a
+                     // problem now, could cause problems in the future.  For
+                     // example, a // warning will be printed when parsing a
+                     // message that is near the message size limit.
+  LOGLEVEL_ERROR,    // An error occurred which should never happen during
+                     // normal use.
+  LOGLEVEL_FATAL,    // An error occurred from which the library cannot
+                     // recover.  This usually indicates a programming error
+                     // in the code which calls the library, especially when
+                     // compiled in debug mode.
+
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+  LOGLEVEL_DFATAL = LOGLEVEL_ERROR
+#else
+  LOGLEVEL_DFATAL = LOGLEVEL_FATAL
+#endif
+};
+
+class StringPiece;
+namespace util {
+class Status;
+}
+class uint128;
+namespace internal {
+
+class LogFinisher;
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT LogMessage {
+ public:
+  LogMessage(LogLevel level, const char* filename, int line);
+  ~LogMessage();
+
+  LogMessage& operator<<(const std::string& value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(const char* value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(char value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(int value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(uint value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(long value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(unsigned long value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(long long value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(unsigned long long value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(double value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(void* value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(const StringPiece& value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(const util::Status& status);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(const uint128& value);
+
+ private:
+  friend class LogFinisher;
+  void Finish();
+
+  LogLevel level_;
+  const char* filename_;
+  int line_;
+  std::string message_;
+};
+
+// Used to make the entire "LOG(BLAH) << etc." expression have a void return
+// type and print a newline after each message.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT LogFinisher {
+ public:
+  void operator=(LogMessage& other);
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+bool IsOk(T status) { return status.ok(); }
+template<>
+inline bool IsOk(bool status) { return status; }
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Undef everything in case we're being mixed with some other Google library
+// which already defined them itself.  Presumably all Google libraries will
+// support the same syntax for these so it should not be a big deal if they
+// end up using our definitions instead.
+#undef GOOGLE_LOG
+#undef GOOGLE_LOG_IF
+
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_OK
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_NE
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_LT
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_LE
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_GT
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_GE
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL
+
+#undef GOOGLE_DLOG
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_OK
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE
+
+#define GOOGLE_LOG(LEVEL)                          \
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::LogFinisher() = \
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::LogMessage( \
+          ::google::protobuf::LOGLEVEL_##LEVEL, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+#define GOOGLE_LOG_IF(LEVEL, CONDITION) \
+  !(CONDITION) ? (void)0 : GOOGLE_LOG(LEVEL)
+
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK(EXPRESSION) \
+  GOOGLE_LOG_IF(FATAL, !(EXPRESSION)) << "CHECK failed: " #EXPRESSION ": "
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(A) GOOGLE_CHECK(::google::protobuf::internal::IsOk(A))
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) == (B))
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) != (B))
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_LT(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) <  (B))
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) <= (B))
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_GT(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) >  (B))
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) >= (B))
+
+namespace internal {
+template<typename T>
+T* CheckNotNull(const char* /* file */, int /* line */,
+                const char* name, T* val) {
+  if (val == nullptr) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << name;
+  }
+  return val;
+}
+}  // namespace internal
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(A)               \
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::CheckNotNull( \
+      __FILE__, __LINE__, "'" #A "' must not be nullptr", (A))
+
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+
+#define GOOGLE_DLOG(LEVEL) GOOGLE_LOG_IF(LEVEL, false)
+
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK(EXPRESSION) while(false) GOOGLE_CHECK(EXPRESSION)
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_OK(E) GOOGLE_DCHECK(::google::protobuf::internal::IsOk(E))
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) == (B))
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) != (B))
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) <  (B))
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) <= (B))
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) >  (B))
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) >= (B))
+
+#else  // NDEBUG
+
+#define GOOGLE_DLOG GOOGLE_LOG
+
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK    GOOGLE_CHECK
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_OK GOOGLE_CHECK_OK
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE GOOGLE_CHECK_NE
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT GOOGLE_CHECK_LT
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE GOOGLE_CHECK_LE
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT GOOGLE_CHECK_GT
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE GOOGLE_CHECK_GE
+
+#endif  // !NDEBUG
+
+typedef void LogHandler(LogLevel level, const char* filename, int line,
+                        const std::string& message);
+
+// The protobuf library sometimes writes warning and error messages to
+// stderr.  These messages are primarily useful for developers, but may
+// also help end users figure out a problem.  If you would prefer that
+// these messages be sent somewhere other than stderr, call SetLogHandler()
+// to set your own handler.  This returns the old handler.  Set the handler
+// to nullptr to ignore log messages (but see also LogSilencer, below).
+//
+// Obviously, SetLogHandler is not thread-safe.  You should only call it
+// at initialization time, and probably not from library code.  If you
+// simply want to suppress log messages temporarily (e.g. because you
+// have some code that tends to trigger them frequently and you know
+// the warnings are not important to you), use the LogSilencer class
+// below.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT LogHandler* SetLogHandler(LogHandler* new_func);
+
+// Create a LogSilencer if you want to temporarily suppress all log
+// messages.  As long as any LogSilencer objects exist, non-fatal
+// log messages will be discarded (the current LogHandler will *not*
+// be called).  Constructing a LogSilencer is thread-safe.  You may
+// accidentally suppress log messages occurring in another thread, but
+// since messages are generally for debugging purposes only, this isn't
+// a big deal.  If you want to intercept log messages, use SetLogHandler().
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT LogSilencer {
+ public:
+  LogSilencer();
+  ~LogSilencer();
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_LOGGING_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c556d0223
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MACROS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MACROS_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/port.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+#undef GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS
+#define GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(TypeName)    \
+  TypeName(const TypeName&);                           \
+  void operator=(const TypeName&)
+
+#undef GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS
+#define GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(TypeName) \
+  TypeName();                                           \
+  TypeName(const TypeName&);                            \
+  void operator=(const TypeName&)
+
+// ===================================================================
+// from google3/base/basictypes.h
+
+// The GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(arr) macro returns the # of elements in an array arr.
+// The expression is a compile-time constant, and therefore can be
+// used in defining new arrays, for example.
+//
+// GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE catches a few type errors.  If you see a compiler error
+//
+//   "warning: division by zero in ..."
+//
+// when using GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE, you are (wrongfully) giving it a pointer.
+// You should only use GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE on statically allocated arrays.
+//
+// The following comments are on the implementation details, and can
+// be ignored by the users.
+//
+// ARRAYSIZE(arr) works by inspecting sizeof(arr) (the # of bytes in
+// the array) and sizeof(*(arr)) (the # of bytes in one array
+// element).  If the former is divisible by the latter, perhaps arr is
+// indeed an array, in which case the division result is the # of
+// elements in the array.  Otherwise, arr cannot possibly be an array,
+// and we generate a compiler error to prevent the code from
+// compiling.
+//
+// Since the size of bool is implementation-defined, we need to cast
+// !(sizeof(a) & sizeof(*(a))) to size_t in order to ensure the final
+// result has type size_t.
+//
+// This macro is not perfect as it wrongfully accepts certain
+// pointers, namely where the pointer size is divisible by the pointee
+// size.  Since all our code has to go through a 32-bit compiler,
+// where a pointer is 4 bytes, this means all pointers to a type whose
+// size is 3 or greater than 4 will be (righteously) rejected.
+//
+// Kudos to Jorg Brown for this simple and elegant implementation.
+
+#undef GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE
+#define GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(a) \
+  ((sizeof(a) / sizeof(*(a))) / \
+   static_cast<size_t>(!(sizeof(a) % sizeof(*(a)))))
+
+// The COMPILE_ASSERT macro can be used to verify that a compile time
+// expression is true. For example, you could use it to verify the
+// size of a static array:
+//
+//   COMPILE_ASSERT(ARRAYSIZE(content_type_names) == CONTENT_NUM_TYPES,
+//                  content_type_names_incorrect_size);
+//
+// or to make sure a struct is smaller than a certain size:
+//
+//   COMPILE_ASSERT(sizeof(foo) < 128, foo_too_large);
+//
+// The second argument to the macro is the name of the variable. If
+// the expression is false, most compilers will issue a warning/error
+// containing the name of the variable.
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <bool>
+struct CompileAssert {
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+#define GOOGLE_COMPILE_ASSERT(expr, msg) static_assert(expr, #msg)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MACROS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24e098ad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,769 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// from google3/util/gtl/map_util.h
+// Author: Anton Carver
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MAP_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MAP_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+// Local implementation of RemoveConst to avoid including base/type_traits.h.
+template <class T> struct RemoveConst { typedef T type; };
+template <class T> struct RemoveConst<const T> : RemoveConst<T> {};
+}  // namespace internal
+
+//
+// Find*()
+//
+
+// Returns a const reference to the value associated with the given key if it
+// exists. Crashes otherwise.
+//
+// This is intended as a replacement for operator[] as an rvalue (for reading)
+// when the key is guaranteed to exist.
+//
+// operator[] for lookup is discouraged for several reasons:
+//  * It has a side-effect of inserting missing keys
+//  * It is not thread-safe (even when it is not inserting, it can still
+//      choose to resize the underlying storage)
+//  * It invalidates iterators (when it chooses to resize)
+//  * It default constructs a value object even if it doesn't need to
+//
+// This version assumes the key is printable, and includes it in the fatal log
+// message.
+template <class Collection>
+const typename Collection::value_type::second_type&
+FindOrDie(const Collection& collection,
+          const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typename Collection::const_iterator it = collection.find(key);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(it != collection.end()) << "Map key not found: " << key;
+  return it->second;
+}
+
+// Same as above, but returns a non-const reference.
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type&
+FindOrDie(Collection& collection,  // NOLINT
+          const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typename Collection::iterator it = collection.find(key);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(it != collection.end()) << "Map key not found: " << key;
+  return it->second;
+}
+
+// Same as FindOrDie above, but doesn't log the key on failure.
+template <class Collection>
+const typename Collection::value_type::second_type&
+FindOrDieNoPrint(const Collection& collection,
+                 const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typename Collection::const_iterator it = collection.find(key);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(it != collection.end()) << "Map key not found";
+  return it->second;
+}
+
+// Same as above, but returns a non-const reference.
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type&
+FindOrDieNoPrint(Collection& collection,  // NOLINT
+                 const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typename Collection::iterator it = collection.find(key);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(it != collection.end()) << "Map key not found";
+  return it->second;
+}
+
+// Returns a const reference to the value associated with the given key if it
+// exists, otherwise returns a const reference to the provided default value.
+//
+// WARNING: If a temporary object is passed as the default "value,"
+// this function will return a reference to that temporary object,
+// which will be destroyed at the end of the statement. A common
+// example: if you have a map with string values, and you pass a char*
+// as the default "value," either use the returned value immediately
+// or store it in a string (not string&).
+// Details: http://go/findwithdefault
+template <class Collection>
+const typename Collection::value_type::second_type&
+FindWithDefault(const Collection& collection,
+                const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key,
+                const typename Collection::value_type::second_type& value) {
+  typename Collection::const_iterator it = collection.find(key);
+  if (it == collection.end()) {
+    return value;
+  }
+  return it->second;
+}
+
+// Returns a pointer to the const value associated with the given key if it
+// exists, or nullptr otherwise.
+template <class Collection>
+const typename Collection::value_type::second_type*
+FindOrNull(const Collection& collection,
+           const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typename Collection::const_iterator it = collection.find(key);
+  if (it == collection.end()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return &it->second;
+}
+
+// Same as above but returns a pointer to the non-const value.
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type*
+FindOrNull(Collection& collection,  // NOLINT
+           const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typename Collection::iterator it = collection.find(key);
+  if (it == collection.end()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return &it->second;
+}
+
+// Returns the pointer value associated with the given key. If none is found,
+// nullptr is returned. The function is designed to be used with a map of keys to
+// pointers.
+//
+// This function does not distinguish between a missing key and a key mapped
+// to nullptr.
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type
+FindPtrOrNull(const Collection& collection,
+              const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typename Collection::const_iterator it = collection.find(key);
+  if (it == collection.end()) {
+    return typename Collection::value_type::second_type();
+  }
+  return it->second;
+}
+
+// Same as above, except takes non-const reference to collection.
+//
+// This function is needed for containers that propagate constness to the
+// pointee, such as boost::ptr_map.
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type
+FindPtrOrNull(Collection& collection,  // NOLINT
+              const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typename Collection::iterator it = collection.find(key);
+  if (it == collection.end()) {
+    return typename Collection::value_type::second_type();
+  }
+  return it->second;
+}
+
+// Finds the pointer value associated with the given key in a map whose values
+// are linked_ptrs. Returns nullptr if key is not found.
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type::element_type*
+FindLinkedPtrOrNull(const Collection& collection,
+                    const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typename Collection::const_iterator it = collection.find(key);
+  if (it == collection.end()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  // Since linked_ptr::get() is a const member returning a non const,
+  // we do not need a version of this function taking a non const collection.
+  return it->second.get();
+}
+
+// Same as above, but dies if the key is not found.
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type::element_type&
+FindLinkedPtrOrDie(const Collection& collection,
+                   const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typename Collection::const_iterator it = collection.find(key);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(it != collection.end()) <<  "key not found: " << key;
+  // Since linked_ptr::operator*() is a const member returning a non const,
+  // we do not need a version of this function taking a non const collection.
+  return *it->second;
+}
+
+// Finds the value associated with the given key and copies it to *value (if not
+// nullptr). Returns false if the key was not found, true otherwise.
+template <class Collection, class Key, class Value>
+bool FindCopy(const Collection& collection,
+              const Key& key,
+              Value* const value) {
+  typename Collection::const_iterator it = collection.find(key);
+  if (it == collection.end()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (value) {
+    *value = it->second;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+//
+// Contains*()
+//
+
+// Returns true if and only if the given collection contains the given key.
+template <class Collection, class Key>
+bool ContainsKey(const Collection& collection, const Key& key) {
+  return collection.find(key) != collection.end();
+}
+
+// Returns true if and only if the given collection contains the given key-value
+// pair.
+template <class Collection, class Key, class Value>
+bool ContainsKeyValuePair(const Collection& collection,
+                          const Key& key,
+                          const Value& value) {
+  typedef typename Collection::const_iterator const_iterator;
+  std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> range = collection.equal_range(key);
+  for (const_iterator it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) {
+    if (it->second == value) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+//
+// Insert*()
+//
+
+// Inserts the given key-value pair into the collection. Returns true if and
+// only if the key from the given pair didn't previously exist. Otherwise, the
+// value in the map is replaced with the value from the given pair.
+template <class Collection>
+bool InsertOrUpdate(Collection* const collection,
+                    const typename Collection::value_type& vt) {
+  std::pair<typename Collection::iterator, bool> ret = collection->insert(vt);
+  if (!ret.second) {
+    // update
+    ret.first->second = vt.second;
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Same as above, except that the key and value are passed separately.
+template <class Collection>
+bool InsertOrUpdate(Collection* const collection,
+                    const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key,
+                    const typename Collection::value_type::second_type& value) {
+  return InsertOrUpdate(
+      collection, typename Collection::value_type(key, value));
+}
+
+// Inserts/updates all the key-value pairs from the range defined by the
+// iterators "first" and "last" into the given collection.
+template <class Collection, class InputIterator>
+void InsertOrUpdateMany(Collection* const collection,
+                        InputIterator first, InputIterator last) {
+  for (; first != last; ++first) {
+    InsertOrUpdate(collection, *first);
+  }
+}
+
+// Change the value associated with a particular key in a map or hash_map
+// of the form map<Key, Value*> which owns the objects pointed to by the
+// value pointers.  If there was an existing value for the key, it is deleted.
+// True indicates an insert took place, false indicates an update + delete.
+template <class Collection>
+bool InsertAndDeleteExisting(
+    Collection* const collection,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::second_type& value) {
+  std::pair<typename Collection::iterator, bool> ret =
+      collection->insert(typename Collection::value_type(key, value));
+  if (!ret.second) {
+    delete ret.first->second;
+    ret.first->second = value;
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Inserts the given key and value into the given collection if and only if the
+// given key did NOT already exist in the collection. If the key previously
+// existed in the collection, the value is not changed. Returns true if the
+// key-value pair was inserted; returns false if the key was already present.
+template <class Collection>
+bool InsertIfNotPresent(Collection* const collection,
+                        const typename Collection::value_type& vt) {
+  return collection->insert(vt).second;
+}
+
+// Same as above except the key and value are passed separately.
+template <class Collection>
+bool InsertIfNotPresent(
+    Collection* const collection,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::second_type& value) {
+  return InsertIfNotPresent(
+      collection, typename Collection::value_type(key, value));
+}
+
+// Same as above except dies if the key already exists in the collection.
+template <class Collection>
+void InsertOrDie(Collection* const collection,
+                 const typename Collection::value_type& value) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(InsertIfNotPresent(collection, value))
+      << "duplicate value: " << value;
+}
+
+// Same as above except doesn't log the value on error.
+template <class Collection>
+void InsertOrDieNoPrint(Collection* const collection,
+                        const typename Collection::value_type& value) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(InsertIfNotPresent(collection, value)) << "duplicate value.";
+}
+
+// Inserts the key-value pair into the collection. Dies if key was already
+// present.
+template <class Collection>
+void InsertOrDie(Collection* const collection,
+                 const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key,
+                 const typename Collection::value_type::second_type& data) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(InsertIfNotPresent(collection, key, data))
+      << "duplicate key: " << key;
+}
+
+// Same as above except doesn't log the key on error.
+template <class Collection>
+void InsertOrDieNoPrint(
+    Collection* const collection,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::second_type& data) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(InsertIfNotPresent(collection, key, data)) << "duplicate key.";
+}
+
+// Inserts a new key and default-initialized value. Dies if the key was already
+// present. Returns a reference to the value. Example usage:
+//
+// map<int, SomeProto> m;
+// SomeProto& proto = InsertKeyOrDie(&m, 3);
+// proto.set_field("foo");
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type& InsertKeyOrDie(
+    Collection* const collection,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typedef typename Collection::value_type value_type;
+  std::pair<typename Collection::iterator, bool> res =
+      collection->insert(value_type(key, typename value_type::second_type()));
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(res.second) << "duplicate key: " << key;
+  return res.first->second;
+}
+
+//
+// Lookup*()
+//
+
+// Looks up a given key and value pair in a collection and inserts the key-value
+// pair if it's not already present. Returns a reference to the value associated
+// with the key.
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type&
+LookupOrInsert(Collection* const collection,
+               const typename Collection::value_type& vt) {
+  return collection->insert(vt).first->second;
+}
+
+// Same as above except the key-value are passed separately.
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type&
+LookupOrInsert(Collection* const collection,
+               const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key,
+               const typename Collection::value_type::second_type& value) {
+  return LookupOrInsert(
+      collection, typename Collection::value_type(key, value));
+}
+
+// Counts the number of equivalent elements in the given "sequence", and stores
+// the results in "count_map" with element as the key and count as the value.
+//
+// Example:
+//   vector<string> v = {"a", "b", "c", "a", "b"};
+//   map<string, int> m;
+//   AddTokenCounts(v, 1, &m);
+//   assert(m["a"] == 2);
+//   assert(m["b"] == 2);
+//   assert(m["c"] == 1);
+template <typename Sequence, typename Collection>
+void AddTokenCounts(
+    const Sequence& sequence,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::second_type& increment,
+    Collection* const count_map) {
+  for (typename Sequence::const_iterator it = sequence.begin();
+       it != sequence.end(); ++it) {
+    typename Collection::value_type::second_type& value =
+        LookupOrInsert(count_map, *it,
+                       typename Collection::value_type::second_type());
+    value += increment;
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns a reference to the value associated with key. If not found, a value
+// is default constructed on the heap and added to the map.
+//
+// This function is useful for containers of the form map<Key, Value*>, where
+// inserting a new key, value pair involves constructing a new heap-allocated
+// Value, and storing a pointer to that in the collection.
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type&
+LookupOrInsertNew(Collection* const collection,
+                  const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typedef typename std::iterator_traits<
+    typename Collection::value_type::second_type>::value_type Element;
+  std::pair<typename Collection::iterator, bool> ret =
+      collection->insert(typename Collection::value_type(
+          key,
+          static_cast<typename Collection::value_type::second_type>(nullptr)));
+  if (ret.second) {
+    ret.first->second = new Element();
+  }
+  return ret.first->second;
+}
+
+// Same as above but constructs the value using the single-argument constructor
+// and the given "arg".
+template <class Collection, class Arg>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type&
+LookupOrInsertNew(Collection* const collection,
+                  const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key,
+                  const Arg& arg) {
+  typedef typename std::iterator_traits<
+    typename Collection::value_type::second_type>::value_type Element;
+  std::pair<typename Collection::iterator, bool> ret =
+      collection->insert(typename Collection::value_type(
+          key,
+          static_cast<typename Collection::value_type::second_type>(nullptr)));
+  if (ret.second) {
+    ret.first->second = new Element(arg);
+  }
+  return ret.first->second;
+}
+
+// Lookup of linked/shared pointers is used in two scenarios:
+//
+// Use LookupOrInsertNewLinkedPtr if the container owns the elements.
+// In this case it is fine working with the raw pointer as long as it is
+// guaranteed that no other thread can delete/update an accessed element.
+// A mutex will need to lock the container operation as well as the use
+// of the returned elements. Finding an element may be performed using
+// FindLinkedPtr*().
+//
+// Use LookupOrInsertNewSharedPtr if the container does not own the elements
+// for their whole lifetime. This is typically the case when a reader allows
+// parallel updates to the container. In this case a Mutex only needs to lock
+// container operations, but all element operations must be performed on the
+// shared pointer. Finding an element must be performed using FindPtr*() and
+// cannot be done with FindLinkedPtr*() even though it compiles.
+
+// Lookup a key in a map or hash_map whose values are linked_ptrs.  If it is
+// missing, set collection[key].reset(new Value::element_type) and return that.
+// Value::element_type must be default constructable.
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type::element_type*
+LookupOrInsertNewLinkedPtr(
+    Collection* const collection,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typedef typename Collection::value_type::second_type Value;
+  std::pair<typename Collection::iterator, bool> ret =
+      collection->insert(typename Collection::value_type(key, Value()));
+  if (ret.second) {
+    ret.first->second.reset(new typename Value::element_type);
+  }
+  return ret.first->second.get();
+}
+
+// A variant of LookupOrInsertNewLinkedPtr where the value is constructed using
+// a single-parameter constructor.  Note: the constructor argument is computed
+// even if it will not be used, so only values cheap to compute should be passed
+// here.  On the other hand it does not matter how expensive the construction of
+// the actual stored value is, as that only occurs if necessary.
+template <class Collection, class Arg>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type::element_type*
+LookupOrInsertNewLinkedPtr(
+    Collection* const collection,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key,
+    const Arg& arg) {
+  typedef typename Collection::value_type::second_type Value;
+  std::pair<typename Collection::iterator, bool> ret =
+      collection->insert(typename Collection::value_type(key, Value()));
+  if (ret.second) {
+    ret.first->second.reset(new typename Value::element_type(arg));
+  }
+  return ret.first->second.get();
+}
+
+// Lookup a key in a map or hash_map whose values are shared_ptrs.  If it is
+// missing, set collection[key].reset(new Value::element_type). Unlike
+// LookupOrInsertNewLinkedPtr, this function returns the shared_ptr instead of
+// the raw pointer. Value::element_type must be default constructable.
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type&
+LookupOrInsertNewSharedPtr(
+    Collection* const collection,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typedef typename Collection::value_type::second_type SharedPtr;
+  typedef typename Collection::value_type::second_type::element_type Element;
+  std::pair<typename Collection::iterator, bool> ret =
+      collection->insert(typename Collection::value_type(key, SharedPtr()));
+  if (ret.second) {
+    ret.first->second.reset(new Element());
+  }
+  return ret.first->second;
+}
+
+// A variant of LookupOrInsertNewSharedPtr where the value is constructed using
+// a single-parameter constructor.  Note: the constructor argument is computed
+// even if it will not be used, so only values cheap to compute should be passed
+// here.  On the other hand it does not matter how expensive the construction of
+// the actual stored value is, as that only occurs if necessary.
+template <class Collection, class Arg>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type&
+LookupOrInsertNewSharedPtr(
+    Collection* const collection,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key,
+    const Arg& arg) {
+  typedef typename Collection::value_type::second_type SharedPtr;
+  typedef typename Collection::value_type::second_type::element_type Element;
+  std::pair<typename Collection::iterator, bool> ret =
+      collection->insert(typename Collection::value_type(key, SharedPtr()));
+  if (ret.second) {
+    ret.first->second.reset(new Element(arg));
+  }
+  return ret.first->second;
+}
+
+//
+// Misc Utility Functions
+//
+
+// Updates the value associated with the given key. If the key was not already
+// present, then the key-value pair are inserted and "previous" is unchanged. If
+// the key was already present, the value is updated and "*previous" will
+// contain a copy of the old value.
+//
+// InsertOrReturnExisting has complementary behavior that returns the
+// address of an already existing value, rather than updating it.
+template <class Collection>
+bool UpdateReturnCopy(Collection* const collection,
+                      const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key,
+                      const typename Collection::value_type::second_type& value,
+                      typename Collection::value_type::second_type* previous) {
+  std::pair<typename Collection::iterator, bool> ret =
+      collection->insert(typename Collection::value_type(key, value));
+  if (!ret.second) {
+    // update
+    if (previous) {
+      *previous = ret.first->second;
+    }
+    ret.first->second = value;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Same as above except that the key and value are passed as a pair.
+template <class Collection>
+bool UpdateReturnCopy(Collection* const collection,
+                      const typename Collection::value_type& vt,
+                      typename Collection::value_type::second_type* previous) {
+  std::pair<typename Collection::iterator, bool> ret = collection->insert(vt);
+  if (!ret.second) {
+    // update
+    if (previous) {
+      *previous = ret.first->second;
+    }
+    ret.first->second = vt.second;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Tries to insert the given key-value pair into the collection. Returns nullptr if
+// the insert succeeds. Otherwise, returns a pointer to the existing value.
+//
+// This complements UpdateReturnCopy in that it allows to update only after
+// verifying the old value and still insert quickly without having to look up
+// twice. Unlike UpdateReturnCopy this also does not come with the issue of an
+// undefined previous* in case new data was inserted.
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type* InsertOrReturnExisting(
+    Collection* const collection, const typename Collection::value_type& vt) {
+  std::pair<typename Collection::iterator, bool> ret = collection->insert(vt);
+  if (ret.second) {
+    return nullptr;  // Inserted, no existing previous value.
+  } else {
+    return &ret.first->second;  // Return address of already existing value.
+  }
+}
+
+// Same as above, except for explicit key and data.
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type* InsertOrReturnExisting(
+    Collection* const collection,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::second_type& data) {
+  return InsertOrReturnExisting(collection,
+                                typename Collection::value_type(key, data));
+}
+
+// Erases the collection item identified by the given key, and returns the value
+// associated with that key. It is assumed that the value (i.e., the
+// mapped_type) is a pointer. Returns nullptr if the key was not found in the
+// collection.
+//
+// Examples:
+//   map<string, MyType*> my_map;
+//
+// One line cleanup:
+//     delete EraseKeyReturnValuePtr(&my_map, "abc");
+//
+// Use returned value:
+//     std::unique_ptr<MyType> value_ptr(
+//         EraseKeyReturnValuePtr(&my_map, "abc"));
+//     if (value_ptr.get())
+//       value_ptr->DoSomething();
+//
+template <class Collection>
+typename Collection::value_type::second_type EraseKeyReturnValuePtr(
+    Collection* const collection,
+    const typename Collection::value_type::first_type& key) {
+  typename Collection::iterator it = collection->find(key);
+  if (it == collection->end()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  typename Collection::value_type::second_type v = it->second;
+  collection->erase(it);
+  return v;
+}
+
+// Inserts all the keys from map_container into key_container, which must
+// support insert(MapContainer::key_type).
+//
+// Note: any initial contents of the key_container are not cleared.
+template <class MapContainer, class KeyContainer>
+void InsertKeysFromMap(const MapContainer& map_container,
+                       KeyContainer* key_container) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(key_container != nullptr);
+  for (typename MapContainer::const_iterator it = map_container.begin();
+       it != map_container.end(); ++it) {
+    key_container->insert(it->first);
+  }
+}
+
+// Appends all the keys from map_container into key_container, which must
+// support push_back(MapContainer::key_type).
+//
+// Note: any initial contents of the key_container are not cleared.
+template <class MapContainer, class KeyContainer>
+void AppendKeysFromMap(const MapContainer& map_container,
+                       KeyContainer* key_container) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(key_container != nullptr);
+  for (typename MapContainer::const_iterator it = map_container.begin();
+       it != map_container.end(); ++it) {
+    key_container->push_back(it->first);
+  }
+}
+
+// A more specialized overload of AppendKeysFromMap to optimize reallocations
+// for the common case in which we're appending keys to a vector and hence can
+// (and sometimes should) call reserve() first.
+//
+// (It would be possible to play SFINAE games to call reserve() for any
+// container that supports it, but this seems to get us 99% of what we need
+// without the complexity of a SFINAE-based solution.)
+template <class MapContainer, class KeyType>
+void AppendKeysFromMap(const MapContainer& map_container,
+                       std::vector<KeyType>* key_container) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(key_container != nullptr);
+  // We now have the opportunity to call reserve(). Calling reserve() every
+  // time is a bad idea for some use cases: libstdc++'s implementation of
+  // vector<>::reserve() resizes the vector's backing store to exactly the
+  // given size (unless it's already at least that big). Because of this,
+  // the use case that involves appending a lot of small maps (total size
+  // N) one by one to a vector would be O(N^2). But never calling reserve()
+  // loses the opportunity to improve the use case of adding from a large
+  // map to an empty vector (this improves performance by up to 33%). A
+  // number of heuristics are possible; see the discussion in
+  // cl/34081696. Here we use the simplest one.
+  if (key_container->empty()) {
+    key_container->reserve(map_container.size());
+  }
+  for (typename MapContainer::const_iterator it = map_container.begin();
+       it != map_container.end(); ++it) {
+    key_container->push_back(it->first);
+  }
+}
+
+// Inserts all the values from map_container into value_container, which must
+// support push_back(MapContainer::mapped_type).
+//
+// Note: any initial contents of the value_container are not cleared.
+template <class MapContainer, class ValueContainer>
+void AppendValuesFromMap(const MapContainer& map_container,
+                         ValueContainer* value_container) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(value_container != nullptr);
+  for (typename MapContainer::const_iterator it = map_container.begin();
+       it != map_container.end(); ++it) {
+    value_container->push_back(it->second);
+  }
+}
+
+// A more specialized overload of AppendValuesFromMap to optimize reallocations
+// for the common case in which we're appending values to a vector and hence
+// can (and sometimes should) call reserve() first.
+//
+// (It would be possible to play SFINAE games to call reserve() for any
+// container that supports it, but this seems to get us 99% of what we need
+// without the complexity of a SFINAE-based solution.)
+template <class MapContainer, class ValueType>
+void AppendValuesFromMap(const MapContainer& map_container,
+                         std::vector<ValueType>* value_container) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(value_container != nullptr);
+  // See AppendKeysFromMap for why this is done.
+  if (value_container->empty()) {
+    value_container->reserve(map_container.size());
+  }
+  for (typename MapContainer::const_iterator it = map_container.begin();
+       it != map_container.end(); ++it) {
+    value_container->push_back(it->second);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MAP_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mathutil.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mathutil.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7116d2d55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mathutil.h
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MATHUTIL_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MATHUTIL_H_
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// Like std::make_unsigned_t except floating point types map to themselves.
+template <typename T>
+using MakeUnsignedT =
+    typename std::conditional<std::is_integral<T>::value, std::make_unsigned<T>,
+                              std::common_type<T>>::type::type;
+
+// Like std::isnan() except a template function that is defined for all numeric
+// types.
+template <typename T,
+          typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value, int>::type = 0>
+bool IsNan(T val) {
+  return false;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T>::value,
+                                              int>::type = 0>
+bool IsNan(T val) {
+  return std::isnan(val);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+bool AlmostEquals(T a, T b) {
+  return a == b;
+}
+template<>
+inline bool AlmostEquals(float a, float b) {
+  return fabs(a - b) < 32 * FLT_EPSILON;
+}
+
+template<>
+inline bool AlmostEquals(double a, double b) {
+  return fabs(a - b) < 32 * DBL_EPSILON;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+class MathUtil {
+ public:
+  template <typename T>
+  static T Sign(T value) {
+    if (value == T(0) || internal::IsNan(value)) {
+      return value;
+    }
+    return value > T(0) ? 1 : -1;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  static bool AlmostEquals(T a, T b) {
+    return internal::AlmostEquals(a, b);
+  }
+
+  // Largest of two values.
+  // Works correctly for special floating point values.
+  // Note: 0.0 and -0.0 are not differentiated by Max (Max(0.0, -0.0) is -0.0),
+  // which should be OK because, although they (can) have different
+  // bit representation, they are observably the same when examined
+  // with arithmetic and (in)equality operators.
+  template <typename T>
+  static T Max(const T x, const T y) {
+    return internal::IsNan(x) || x > y ? x : y;
+  }
+
+  // Absolute value of x
+  // Works correctly for unsigned types and
+  // for special floating point values.
+  // Note: 0.0 and -0.0 are not differentiated by Abs (Abs(0.0) is -0.0),
+  // which should be OK: see the comment for Max above.
+  template<typename T>
+  static T Abs(const T x) {
+    return x > T(0) ? x : -x;
+  }
+
+  // Absolute value of the difference between two numbers.
+  // Works correctly for signed types and special floating point values.
+  template <typename T>
+  static typename internal::MakeUnsignedT<T> AbsDiff(const T x, const T y) {
+    // Carries out arithmetic as unsigned to avoid overflow.
+    typedef typename internal::MakeUnsignedT<T> R;
+    return x > y ? R(x) - R(y) : R(y) - R(x);
+  }
+
+  // If two (usually floating point) numbers are within a certain
+  // fraction of their magnitude or within a certain absolute margin of error.
+  // This is the same as the following but faster:
+  //   WithinFraction(x, y, fraction)  ||  WithinMargin(x, y, margin)
+  // E.g. WithinFraction(0.0, 1e-10, 1e-5) is false but
+  //      WithinFractionOrMargin(0.0, 1e-10, 1e-5, 1e-5) is true.
+  template<typename T>
+  static bool WithinFractionOrMargin(const T x, const T y,
+                                     const T fraction, const T margin);
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+bool MathUtil::WithinFractionOrMargin(const T x, const T y,
+                                      const T fraction, const T margin) {
+  // Not just "0 <= fraction" to fool the compiler for unsigned types.
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK((T(0) < fraction || T(0) == fraction) &&
+         fraction < T(1) &&
+         margin >= T(0));
+
+  // Template specialization will convert the if() condition to a constant,
+  // which will cause the compiler to generate code for either the "if" part
+  // or the "then" part.  In this way we avoid a compiler warning
+  // about a potential integer overflow in crosstool v12 (gcc 4.3.1).
+  if (std::numeric_limits<T>::is_integer) {
+    return x == y;
+  } else {
+    if (!std::isfinite(x) || !std::isfinite(y)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    T relative_margin = static_cast<T>(fraction * Max(Abs(x), Abs(y)));
+    return AbsDiff(x, y) <= Max(margin, relative_margin);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MATHUTIL_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b222ff746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MUTEX_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MUTEX_H_
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SUPPORT_WINDOWS_XP
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+// GetMessage conflicts with GeneratedMessageReflection::GetMessage().
+#ifdef GetMessage
+#undef GetMessage
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h>
+
+// Define thread-safety annotations for use below, if we are building with
+// Clang.
+#if defined(__clang__) && !defined(SWIG)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ACQUIRE(...) \
+  __attribute__((acquire_capability(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RELEASE(...) \
+  __attribute__((release_capability(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_CAPABILITY(x) __attribute__((capability(x)))
+#else
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ACQUIRE(...)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RELEASE(...)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_CAPABILITY(x)
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+// ===================================================================
+// emulates google3/base/mutex.h
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_LINKER_INITIALIZED
+
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SUPPORT_WINDOWS_XP
+
+// This class is a lightweight replacement for std::mutex on Windows platforms.
+// std::mutex does not work on Windows XP SP2 with the latest VC++ libraries,
+// because it utilizes the Concurrency Runtime that is only supported on Windows
+// XP SP3 and above.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT CriticalSectionLock {
+ public:
+  CriticalSectionLock() { InitializeCriticalSection(&critical_section_); }
+  ~CriticalSectionLock() { DeleteCriticalSection(&critical_section_); }
+  void lock() { EnterCriticalSection(&critical_section_); }
+  void unlock() { LeaveCriticalSection(&critical_section_); }
+
+ private:
+  CRITICAL_SECTION critical_section_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CriticalSectionLock);
+};
+
+#endif
+
+// Mutex is a natural type to wrap. As both google and other organization have
+// specialized mutexes. gRPC also provides an injection mechanism for custom
+// mutexes.
+class GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_CAPABILITY("mutex") PROTOBUF_EXPORT WrappedMutex {
+ public:
+  WrappedMutex() = default;
+  void Lock() GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ACQUIRE() { mu_.lock(); }
+  void Unlock() GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RELEASE() { mu_.unlock(); }
+  // Crash if this Mutex is not held exclusively by this thread.
+  // May fail to crash when it should; will never crash when it should not.
+  void AssertHeld() const {}
+
+ private:
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SUPPORT_WINDOWS_XP
+  std::mutex mu_;
+#else  // ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SUPPORT_WINDOWS_XP
+  CriticalSectionLock mu_;
+#endif  // #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_SUPPORT_WINDOWS_XP
+};
+
+using Mutex = WrappedMutex;
+
+// MutexLock(mu) acquires mu when constructed and releases it when destroyed.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MutexLock {
+ public:
+  explicit MutexLock(Mutex *mu) : mu_(mu) { this->mu_->Lock(); }
+  ~MutexLock() { this->mu_->Unlock(); }
+ private:
+  Mutex *const mu_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MutexLock);
+};
+
+// TODO(kenton):  Implement these?  Hard to implement portably.
+typedef MutexLock ReaderMutexLock;
+typedef MutexLock WriterMutexLock;
+
+// MutexLockMaybe is like MutexLock, but is a no-op when mu is nullptr.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MutexLockMaybe {
+ public:
+  explicit MutexLockMaybe(Mutex *mu) :
+    mu_(mu) { if (this->mu_ != nullptr) { this->mu_->Lock(); } }
+  ~MutexLockMaybe() { if (this->mu_ != nullptr) { this->mu_->Unlock(); } }
+ private:
+  Mutex *const mu_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MutexLockMaybe);
+};
+
+#if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_THREADLOCAL)
+template<typename T>
+class ThreadLocalStorage {
+ public:
+  ThreadLocalStorage() {
+    pthread_key_create(&key_, &ThreadLocalStorage::Delete);
+  }
+  ~ThreadLocalStorage() {
+    pthread_key_delete(key_);
+  }
+  T* Get() {
+    T* result = static_cast<T*>(pthread_getspecific(key_));
+    if (result == nullptr) {
+      result = new T();
+      pthread_setspecific(key_, result);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+ private:
+  static void Delete(void* value) {
+    delete static_cast<T*>(value);
+  }
+  pthread_key_t key_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ThreadLocalStorage);
+};
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// We made these internal so that they would show up as such in the docs,
+// but we don't want to stick "internal::" in front of them everywhere.
+using internal::Mutex;
+using internal::MutexLock;
+using internal::ReaderMutexLock;
+using internal::WriterMutexLock;
+using internal::MutexLockMaybe;
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#undef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ACQUIRE
+#undef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RELEASE
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MUTEX_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/once.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/once.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..070d36d19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/once.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_ONCE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_ONCE_H__
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+using once_flag = std::once_flag;
+template <typename... Args>
+void call_once(Args&&... args ) {
+  std::call_once(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_ONCE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce1b1e365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2012 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PLATFORM_MACROS_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PLATFORM_MACROS_H_
+
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PLATFORM_ERROR \
+#error "Host platform was not detected as supported by protobuf"
+
+// Processor architecture detection.  For more info on what's defined, see:
+//   http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/b0084kay.aspx
+//   http://www.agner.org/optimize/calling_conventions.pdf
+//   or with gcc, run: "echo | gcc -E -dM -"
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_X64 1
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_64_BIT 1
+#elif defined(_M_IX86) || defined(__i386__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_IA32 1
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_32_BIT 1
+#elif defined(__QNX__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_ARM_QNX 1
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_32_BIT 1
+#elif defined(_M_ARM) || defined(__ARMEL__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_ARM 1
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_32_BIT 1
+#elif defined(_M_ARM64)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_ARM 1
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_64_BIT 1
+#elif defined(__aarch64__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_AARCH64 1
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_64_BIT 1
+#elif defined(__mips__)
+#if defined(__LP64__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_MIPS64 1
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_64_BIT 1
+#else
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_MIPS 1
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_32_BIT 1
+#endif
+#elif defined(__pnacl__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_32_BIT 1
+#elif defined(sparc)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_SPARC 1
+#if defined(__sparc_v9__) || defined(__sparcv9) || defined(__arch64__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_64_BIT 1
+#else
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_32_BIT 1
+#endif
+#elif defined(_POWER) || defined(__powerpc64__) || defined(__PPC64__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_POWER 1
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_64_BIT 1
+#elif defined(__PPC__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_PPC 1
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_32_BIT 1
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+# if (((__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 7)) || (__GNUC__ > 4))
+// We fallback to the generic Clang/GCC >= 4.7 implementation in atomicops.h
+# elif defined(__clang__)
+#  if !__has_extension(c_atomic)
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PLATFORM_ERROR
+#  endif
+// We fallback to the generic Clang/GCC >= 4.7 implementation in atomicops.h
+# endif
+# if __LP64__
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_64_BIT 1
+# else
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_32_BIT 1
+# endif
+#else
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PLATFORM_ERROR
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_APPLE
+#include <Availability.h>
+#include <TargetConditionals.h>
+#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_IPHONE
+#endif
+#elif defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_EMSCRIPTEN
+#elif defined(__native_client__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_NACL
+#elif defined(sun)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_SOLARIS
+#elif defined(_AIX)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_AIX
+#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_ANDROID
+#endif
+
+#undef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PLATFORM_ERROR
+
+#if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_ANDROID) || defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_IPHONE) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
+// Android ndk does not support the __thread keyword very well yet. Here
+// we use pthread_key_create()/pthread_getspecific()/... methods for
+// TLS support on android.
+// iOS and OpenBSD also do not support the __thread keyword.
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_THREADLOCAL
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED) && __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < 1070
+// __thread keyword requires at least 10.7
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_THREADLOCAL
+#endif
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PLATFORM_MACROS_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/port.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/port.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31d2a10c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/port.h
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_PORT_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_PORT_H_
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <string>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#undef PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  // Assuming windows is always little-endian.
+  // TODO(xiaofeng): The PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN is not only used for
+  // optimization but also for correctness. We should define an
+  // different macro to test the big-endian code path in coded_stream.
+  #if !defined(PROTOBUF_DISABLE_LITTLE_ENDIAN_OPT_FOR_TEST)
+    #define PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN 1
+  #endif
+  #if _MSC_VER >= 1300 && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+    // If MSVC has "/RTCc" set, it will complain about truncating casts at
+    // runtime.  This file contains some intentional truncating casts.
+    #pragma runtime_checks("c", off)
+  #endif
+#else
+  #include <sys/param.h>   // __BYTE_ORDER
+  #if defined(__OpenBSD__)
+    #include <endian.h>
+  #endif
+  #if ((defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && !defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__)) || \
+         (defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN) || \
+         (defined(BYTE_ORDER) && BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN)) && \
+      !defined(PROTOBUF_DISABLE_LITTLE_ENDIAN_OPT_FOR_TEST)
+    #define PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN 1
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+// These #includes are for the byte swap functions declared later on.
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#include <stdlib.h>  // NOLINT(build/include)
+#include <intrin.h>
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#include <libkern/OSByteOrder.h>
+#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__BIONIC__) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#include <byteswap.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#endif
+
+// Legacy: some users reference these (internal-only) macros even though we
+// don't need them any more.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(PROTOBUF_USE_DLLS)
+  #ifdef LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORTS
+    #define LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+  #else
+    #define LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
+  #endif
+  #ifdef LIBPROTOC_EXPORTS
+    #define LIBPROTOC_EXPORT   __declspec(dllexport)
+  #else
+    #define LIBPROTOC_EXPORT   __declspec(dllimport)
+  #endif
+#else
+  #define LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT
+  #define LIBPROTOC_EXPORT
+#endif
+
+#define PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED(message) PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG(message)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED(message) \
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG(message)
+
+// ===================================================================
+// from google3/base/port.h
+
+#if (defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__) || __cplusplus >= 201103L || \
+     (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1900))
+// Define this to 1 if the code is compiled in C++11 mode; leave it
+// undefined otherwise.  Do NOT define it to 0 -- that causes
+// '#ifdef LANG_CXX11' to behave differently from '#if LANG_CXX11'.
+#define LANG_CXX11 1
+#else
+#error "Protobuf requires at least C++11."
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+typedef unsigned int uint;
+
+typedef int8_t int8;
+typedef int16_t int16;
+typedef int32_t int32;
+typedef int64_t int64;
+
+typedef uint8_t uint8;
+typedef uint16_t uint16;
+typedef uint32_t uint32;
+typedef uint64_t uint64;
+
+static const int32 kint32max = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+static const int32 kint32min = -kint32max - 1;
+static const int64 kint64max = PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
+static const int64 kint64min = -kint64max - 1;
+static const uint32 kuint32max = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+static const uint64 kuint64max = PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
+
+#if defined(ADDRESS_SANITIZER) || defined(THREAD_SANITIZER) ||\
+    defined(MEMORY_SANITIZER)
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif  // __cplusplus
+uint16_t __sanitizer_unaligned_load16(const void *p);
+uint32_t __sanitizer_unaligned_load32(const void *p);
+uint64_t __sanitizer_unaligned_load64(const void *p);
+void __sanitizer_unaligned_store16(void *p, uint16_t v);
+void __sanitizer_unaligned_store32(void *p, uint32_t v);
+void __sanitizer_unaligned_store64(void *p, uint64_t v);
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  // extern "C"
+#endif  // __cplusplus
+
+inline uint16 GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD16(const void *p) {
+  return __sanitizer_unaligned_load16(p);
+}
+
+inline uint32 GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD32(const void *p) {
+  return __sanitizer_unaligned_load32(p);
+}
+
+inline uint64 GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(const void *p) {
+  return __sanitizer_unaligned_load64(p);
+}
+
+inline void GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE16(void *p, uint16 v) {
+  __sanitizer_unaligned_store16(p, v);
+}
+
+inline void GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE32(void *p, uint32 v) {
+  __sanitizer_unaligned_store32(p, v);
+}
+
+inline void GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE64(void *p, uint64 v) {
+  __sanitizer_unaligned_store64(p, v);
+}
+
+#elif defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_USE_UNALIGNED) && GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_USE_UNALIGNED
+
+#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD16(_p) (*reinterpret_cast<const uint16 *>(_p))
+#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD32(_p) (*reinterpret_cast<const uint32 *>(_p))
+#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(_p) (*reinterpret_cast<const uint64 *>(_p))
+
+#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE16(_p, _val) (*reinterpret_cast<uint16 *>(_p) = (_val))
+#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE32(_p, _val) (*reinterpret_cast<uint32 *>(_p) = (_val))
+#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE64(_p, _val) (*reinterpret_cast<uint64 *>(_p) = (_val))
+
+#else
+inline uint16 GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD16(const void *p) {
+  uint16 t;
+  memcpy(&t, p, sizeof t);
+  return t;
+}
+
+inline uint32 GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD32(const void *p) {
+  uint32 t;
+  memcpy(&t, p, sizeof t);
+  return t;
+}
+
+inline uint64 GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(const void *p) {
+  uint64 t;
+  memcpy(&t, p, sizeof t);
+  return t;
+}
+
+inline void GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE16(void *p, uint16 v) {
+  memcpy(p, &v, sizeof v);
+}
+
+inline void GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE32(void *p, uint32 v) {
+  memcpy(p, &v, sizeof v);
+}
+
+inline void GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE64(void *p, uint64 v) {
+  memcpy(p, &v, sizeof v);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_NACL) \
+    || (defined(__ANDROID__) && defined(__clang__) \
+        && (__clang_major__ == 3 && __clang_minor__ == 8) \
+        && (__clang_patchlevel__ < 275480))
+# define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_USE_PORTABLE_LOG2
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL __declspec(thread)
+#else
+#define GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL __thread
+#endif
+
+// The following guarantees declaration of the byte swap functions.
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define bswap_16(x) _byteswap_ushort(x)
+#define bswap_32(x) _byteswap_ulong(x)
+#define bswap_64(x) _byteswap_uint64(x)
+
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+// Mac OS X / Darwin features
+#define bswap_16(x) OSSwapInt16(x)
+#define bswap_32(x) OSSwapInt32(x)
+#define bswap_64(x) OSSwapInt64(x)
+
+#elif !defined(__GLIBC__) && !defined(__BIONIC__) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+
+#ifndef bswap_16
+static inline uint16 bswap_16(uint16 x) {
+  return static_cast<uint16>(((x & 0xFF) << 8) | ((x & 0xFF00) >> 8));
+}
+#define bswap_16(x) bswap_16(x)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef bswap_32
+static inline uint32 bswap_32(uint32 x) {
+  return (((x & 0xFF) << 24) |
+          ((x & 0xFF00) << 8) |
+          ((x & 0xFF0000) >> 8) |
+          ((x & 0xFF000000) >> 24));
+}
+#define bswap_32(x) bswap_32(x)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef bswap_64
+static inline uint64 bswap_64(uint64 x) {
+  return (((x & PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xFF)) << 56) |
+          ((x & PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xFF00)) << 40) |
+          ((x & PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xFF0000)) << 24) |
+          ((x & PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xFF000000)) << 8) |
+          ((x & PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xFF00000000)) >> 8) |
+          ((x & PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xFF0000000000)) >> 24) |
+          ((x & PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xFF000000000000)) >> 40) |
+          ((x & PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0xFF00000000000000)) >> 56));
+}
+#define bswap_64(x) bswap_64(x)
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+// ===================================================================
+// from google3/util/bits/bits.h
+
+class Bits {
+ public:
+  static uint32 Log2FloorNonZero(uint32 n) {
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+  return 31 ^ static_cast<uint32>(__builtin_clz(n));
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+  unsigned long where;
+  _BitScanReverse(&where, n);
+  return where;
+#else
+  return Log2FloorNonZero_Portable(n);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  static uint32 Log2FloorNonZero64(uint64 n) {
+    // Older versions of clang run into an instruction-selection failure when
+    // it encounters __builtin_clzll:
+    // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/nativeclient/issues/detail?id=4395
+    // This includes arm-nacl-clang and clang in older Android NDK versions.
+    // To work around this, when we build with those we use the portable
+    // implementation instead.
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_USE_PORTABLE_LOG2)
+  return 63 ^ static_cast<uint32>(__builtin_clzll(n));
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_X64)
+  unsigned long where;
+  _BitScanReverse64(&where, n);
+  return where;
+#else
+  return Log2FloorNonZero64_Portable(n);
+#endif
+  }
+ private:
+  static int Log2FloorNonZero_Portable(uint32 n) {
+    if (n == 0)
+      return -1;
+    int log = 0;
+    uint32 value = n;
+    for (int i = 4; i >= 0; --i) {
+      int shift = (1 << i);
+      uint32 x = value >> shift;
+      if (x != 0) {
+        value = x;
+        log += shift;
+      }
+    }
+    assert(value == 1);
+    return log;
+  }
+
+  static int Log2FloorNonZero64_Portable(uint64 n) {
+    const uint32 topbits = static_cast<uint32>(n >> 32);
+    if (topbits == 0) {
+      // Top bits are zero, so scan in bottom bits
+      return static_cast<int>(Log2FloorNonZero(static_cast<uint32>(n)));
+    } else {
+      return 32 + static_cast<int>(Log2FloorNonZero(topbits));
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+// from google3/util/endian/endian.h
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT uint32 ghtonl(uint32 x);
+
+class BigEndian {
+ public:
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+
+  static uint16 FromHost16(uint16 x) { return bswap_16(x); }
+  static uint16 ToHost16(uint16 x) { return bswap_16(x); }
+
+  static uint32 FromHost32(uint32 x) { return bswap_32(x); }
+  static uint32 ToHost32(uint32 x) { return bswap_32(x); }
+
+  static uint64 FromHost64(uint64 x) { return bswap_64(x); }
+  static uint64 ToHost64(uint64 x) { return bswap_64(x); }
+
+  static bool IsLittleEndian() { return true; }
+
+#else
+
+  static uint16 FromHost16(uint16 x) { return x; }
+  static uint16 ToHost16(uint16 x) { return x; }
+
+  static uint32 FromHost32(uint32 x) { return x; }
+  static uint32 ToHost32(uint32 x) { return x; }
+
+  static uint64 FromHost64(uint64 x) { return x; }
+  static uint64 ToHost64(uint64 x) { return x; }
+
+  static bool IsLittleEndian() { return false; }
+
+#endif /* ENDIAN */
+
+  // Functions to do unaligned loads and stores in big-endian order.
+  static uint16 Load16(const void *p) {
+    return ToHost16(GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD16(p));
+  }
+
+  static void Store16(void *p, uint16 v) {
+    GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE16(p, FromHost16(v));
+  }
+
+  static uint32 Load32(const void *p) {
+    return ToHost32(GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD32(p));
+  }
+
+  static void Store32(void *p, uint32 v) {
+    GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE32(p, FromHost32(v));
+  }
+
+  static uint64 Load64(const void *p) {
+    return ToHost64(GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(p));
+  }
+
+  static void Store64(void *p, uint64 v) {
+    GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE64(p, FromHost64(v));
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_PORT_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bfbe0b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+#include <ostream>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace error {
+inline string CodeEnumToString(error::Code code) {
+  switch (code) {
+    case OK:
+      return "OK";
+    case CANCELLED:
+      return "CANCELLED";
+    case UNKNOWN:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+    case INVALID_ARGUMENT:
+      return "INVALID_ARGUMENT";
+    case DEADLINE_EXCEEDED:
+      return "DEADLINE_EXCEEDED";
+    case NOT_FOUND:
+      return "NOT_FOUND";
+    case ALREADY_EXISTS:
+      return "ALREADY_EXISTS";
+    case PERMISSION_DENIED:
+      return "PERMISSION_DENIED";
+    case UNAUTHENTICATED:
+      return "UNAUTHENTICATED";
+    case RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED:
+      return "RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED";
+    case FAILED_PRECONDITION:
+      return "FAILED_PRECONDITION";
+    case ABORTED:
+      return "ABORTED";
+    case OUT_OF_RANGE:
+      return "OUT_OF_RANGE";
+    case UNIMPLEMENTED:
+      return "UNIMPLEMENTED";
+    case INTERNAL:
+      return "INTERNAL";
+    case UNAVAILABLE:
+      return "UNAVAILABLE";
+    case DATA_LOSS:
+      return "DATA_LOSS";
+  }
+
+  // No default clause, clang will abort if a code is missing from
+  // above switch.
+  return "UNKNOWN";
+}
+}  // namespace error.
+
+const Status Status::OK = Status();
+const Status Status::CANCELLED = Status(error::CANCELLED, "");
+const Status Status::UNKNOWN = Status(error::UNKNOWN, "");
+
+Status::Status() : error_code_(error::OK) {
+}
+
+Status::Status(error::Code error_code, StringPiece error_message)
+    : error_code_(error_code) {
+  if (error_code != error::OK) {
+    error_message_ = error_message.ToString();
+  }
+}
+
+Status::Status(const Status& other)
+    : error_code_(other.error_code_), error_message_(other.error_message_) {
+}
+
+Status& Status::operator=(const Status& other) {
+  error_code_ = other.error_code_;
+  error_message_ = other.error_message_;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+bool Status::operator==(const Status& x) const {
+  return error_code_ == x.error_code_ &&
+      error_message_ == x.error_message_;
+}
+
+string Status::ToString() const {
+  if (error_code_ == error::OK) {
+    return "OK";
+  } else {
+    if (error_message_.empty()) {
+      return error::CodeEnumToString(error_code_);
+    } else {
+      return error::CodeEnumToString(error_code_) + ":" +
+          error_message_;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Status& x) {
+  os << x.ToString();
+  return os;
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04ecc633b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.h
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUS_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUS_H_
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace error {
+// These values must match error codes defined in google/rpc/code.proto.
+enum Code {
+  OK = 0,
+  CANCELLED = 1,
+  UNKNOWN = 2,
+  INVALID_ARGUMENT = 3,
+  DEADLINE_EXCEEDED = 4,
+  NOT_FOUND = 5,
+  ALREADY_EXISTS = 6,
+  PERMISSION_DENIED = 7,
+  UNAUTHENTICATED = 16,
+  RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED = 8,
+  FAILED_PRECONDITION = 9,
+  ABORTED = 10,
+  OUT_OF_RANGE = 11,
+  UNIMPLEMENTED = 12,
+  INTERNAL = 13,
+  UNAVAILABLE = 14,
+  DATA_LOSS = 15,
+};
+}  // namespace error
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Status {
+ public:
+  // Creates a "successful" status.
+  Status();
+
+  // Create a status in the canonical error space with the specified
+  // code, and error message.  If "code == 0", error_message is
+  // ignored and a Status object identical to Status::OK is
+  // constructed.
+  Status(error::Code error_code, StringPiece error_message);
+  Status(const Status&);
+  Status& operator=(const Status& x);
+  ~Status() {}
+
+  // Some pre-defined Status objects
+  static const Status OK;             // Identical to 0-arg constructor
+  static const Status CANCELLED;
+  static const Status UNKNOWN;
+
+  // Accessor
+  bool ok() const {
+    return error_code_ == error::OK;
+  }
+  int error_code() const {
+    return error_code_;
+  }
+  error::Code code() const {
+    return error_code_;
+  }
+  StringPiece error_message() const {
+    return error_message_;
+  }
+  StringPiece message() const {
+    return error_message_;
+  }
+
+  bool operator==(const Status& x) const;
+  bool operator!=(const Status& x) const {
+    return !operator==(x);
+  }
+
+  // Return a combination of the error code name and message.
+  string ToString() const;
+
+ private:
+  error::Code error_code_;
+  string error_message_;
+};
+
+// Prints a human-readable representation of 'x' to 'os'.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Status& x);
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUS_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status_macros.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status_macros.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c64317d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status_macros.h
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// From: util/task/contrib/status_macros/status_macros.h
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUS_MACROS_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUS_MACROS_H_
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+// Run a command that returns a util::Status.  If the called code returns an
+// error status, return that status up out of this method too.
+//
+// Example:
+//   RETURN_IF_ERROR(DoThings(4));
+#define RETURN_IF_ERROR(expr)                                                \
+  do {                                                                       \
+    /* Using _status below to avoid capture problems if expr is "status". */ \
+    const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::util::Status _status = (expr);              \
+    if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!_status.ok())) return _status;               \
+  } while (0)
+
+// Internal helper for concatenating macro values.
+#define STATUS_MACROS_CONCAT_NAME_INNER(x, y) x##y
+#define STATUS_MACROS_CONCAT_NAME(x, y) STATUS_MACROS_CONCAT_NAME_INNER(x, y)
+
+template<typename T>
+Status DoAssignOrReturn(T& lhs, StatusOr<T> result) {
+  if (result.ok()) {
+    lhs = result.ValueOrDie();
+  }
+  return result.status();
+}
+
+#define ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_IMPL(status, lhs, rexpr) \
+  Status status = DoAssignOrReturn(lhs, (rexpr)); \
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!status.ok())) return status;
+
+// Executes an expression that returns a util::StatusOr, extracting its value
+// into the variable defined by lhs (or returning on error).
+//
+// Example: Assigning to an existing value
+//   ValueType value;
+//   ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(value, MaybeGetValue(arg));
+//
+// WARNING: ASSIGN_OR_RETURN expands into multiple statements; it cannot be used
+//  in a single statement (e.g. as the body of an if statement without {})!
+#define ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(lhs, rexpr) \
+  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_IMPL( \
+      STATUS_MACROS_CONCAT_NAME(_status_or_value, __COUNTER__), lhs, rexpr);
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUS_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a18778fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+TEST(Status, Empty) {
+  util::Status status;
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::OK, util::Status::OK.error_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::OK, util::Status::OK.code());
+  EXPECT_EQ("OK", util::Status::OK.ToString());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, GenericCodes) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::OK, util::Status::OK.error_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::OK, util::Status::OK.code());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::CANCELLED, util::Status::CANCELLED.error_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::CANCELLED, util::Status::CANCELLED.code());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::UNKNOWN, util::Status::UNKNOWN.error_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::UNKNOWN, util::Status::UNKNOWN.code());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, ConstructorZero) {
+  util::Status status(util::error::OK, "msg");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(status.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ("OK", status.ToString());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, CheckOK) {
+  util::Status status;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(status);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(status) << "Failed";
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_OK(status) << "Failed";
+}
+
+TEST(Status, ErrorMessage) {
+  util::Status status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT, "");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", status.error_message().ToString());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", status.message().ToString());
+  EXPECT_EQ("INVALID_ARGUMENT", status.ToString());
+  status = util::Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT, "msg");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ("msg", status.error_message().ToString());
+  EXPECT_EQ("msg", status.message().ToString());
+  EXPECT_EQ("INVALID_ARGUMENT:msg", status.ToString());
+  status = util::Status(util::error::OK, "msg");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(status.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", status.error_message().ToString());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", status.message().ToString());
+  EXPECT_EQ("OK", status.ToString());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, Copy) {
+  util::Status a(util::error::UNKNOWN, "message");
+  util::Status b(a);
+  ASSERT_EQ(a.ToString(), b.ToString());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, Assign) {
+  util::Status a(util::error::UNKNOWN, "message");
+  util::Status b;
+  b = a;
+  ASSERT_EQ(a.ToString(), b.ToString());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, AssignEmpty) {
+  util::Status a(util::error::UNKNOWN, "message");
+  util::Status b;
+  a = b;
+  ASSERT_EQ(string("OK"), a.ToString());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(b.ok());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(a.ok());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, EqualsOK) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(util::Status::OK, util::Status());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, EqualsSame) {
+  const util::Status a = util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "message");
+  const util::Status b = util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "message");
+  ASSERT_EQ(a, b);
+}
+
+TEST(Status, EqualsCopy) {
+  const util::Status a = util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "message");
+  const util::Status b = a;
+  ASSERT_EQ(a, b);
+}
+
+TEST(Status, EqualsDifferentCode) {
+  const util::Status a = util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "message");
+  const util::Status b = util::Status(util::error::UNKNOWN, "message");
+  ASSERT_NE(a, b);
+}
+
+TEST(Status, EqualsDifferentMessage) {
+  const util::Status a = util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "message");
+  const util::Status b = util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "another");
+  ASSERT_NE(a, b);
+}
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c744b8d23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace internal {
+
+void StatusOrHelper::Crash(const Status& status) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Attempting to fetch value instead of handling error "
+                    << status.ToString();
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90fd5f0df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// StatusOr<T> is the union of a Status object and a T
+// object. StatusOr models the concept of an object that is either a
+// usable value, or an error Status explaining why such a value is
+// not present. To this end, StatusOr<T> does not allow its Status
+// value to be Status::OK. Further, StatusOr<T*> does not allow the
+// contained pointer to be nullptr.
+//
+// The primary use-case for StatusOr<T> is as the return value of a
+// function which may fail.
+//
+// Example client usage for a StatusOr<T>, where T is not a pointer:
+//
+//  StatusOr<float> result = DoBigCalculationThatCouldFail();
+//  if (result.ok()) {
+//    float answer = result.ValueOrDie();
+//    printf("Big calculation yielded: %f", answer);
+//  } else {
+//    LOG(ERROR) << result.status();
+//  }
+//
+// Example client usage for a StatusOr<T*>:
+//
+//  StatusOr<Foo*> result = FooFactory::MakeNewFoo(arg);
+//  if (result.ok()) {
+//    std::unique_ptr<Foo> foo(result.ValueOrDie());
+//    foo->DoSomethingCool();
+//  } else {
+//    LOG(ERROR) << result.status();
+//  }
+//
+// Example client usage for a StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<T>>:
+//
+//  StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<Foo>> result = FooFactory::MakeNewFoo(arg);
+//  if (result.ok()) {
+//    std::unique_ptr<Foo> foo = result.ConsumeValueOrDie();
+//    foo->DoSomethingCool();
+//  } else {
+//    LOG(ERROR) << result.status();
+//  }
+//
+// Example factory implementation returning StatusOr<T*>:
+//
+//  StatusOr<Foo*> FooFactory::MakeNewFoo(int arg) {
+//    if (arg <= 0) {
+//      return ::util::Status(::util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+//                            "Arg must be positive");
+//    } else {
+//      return new Foo(arg);
+//    }
+//  }
+//
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUSOR_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUSOR_H_
+
+#include <new>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+template<typename T>
+class StatusOr {
+  template<typename U> friend class StatusOr;
+
+ public:
+  // Construct a new StatusOr with Status::UNKNOWN status
+  StatusOr();
+
+  // Construct a new StatusOr with the given non-ok status. After calling
+  // this constructor, calls to ValueOrDie() will CHECK-fail.
+  //
+  // NOTE: Not explicit - we want to use StatusOr<T> as a return
+  // value, so it is convenient and sensible to be able to do 'return
+  // Status()' when the return type is StatusOr<T>.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: status != Status::OK. This requirement is DCHECKed.
+  // In optimized builds, passing Status::OK here will have the effect
+  // of passing PosixErrorSpace::EINVAL as a fallback.
+  StatusOr(const Status& status);  // NOLINT
+
+  // Construct a new StatusOr with the given value. If T is a plain pointer,
+  // value must not be nullptr. After calling this constructor, calls to
+  // ValueOrDie() will succeed, and calls to status() will return OK.
+  //
+  // NOTE: Not explicit - we want to use StatusOr<T> as a return type
+  // so it is convenient and sensible to be able to do 'return T()'
+  // when when the return type is StatusOr<T>.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: if T is a plain pointer, value != nullptr. This requirement is
+  // DCHECKed. In optimized builds, passing a null pointer here will have
+  // the effect of passing PosixErrorSpace::EINVAL as a fallback.
+  StatusOr(const T& value);  // NOLINT
+
+  // Copy constructor.
+  StatusOr(const StatusOr& other);
+
+  // Conversion copy constructor, T must be copy constructible from U
+  template<typename U>
+  StatusOr(const StatusOr<U>& other);
+
+  // Assignment operator.
+  StatusOr& operator=(const StatusOr& other);
+
+  // Conversion assignment operator, T must be assignable from U
+  template<typename U>
+  StatusOr& operator=(const StatusOr<U>& other);
+
+  // Returns a reference to our status. If this contains a T, then
+  // returns Status::OK.
+  const Status& status() const;
+
+  // Returns this->status().ok()
+  bool ok() const;
+
+  // Returns a reference to our current value, or CHECK-fails if !this->ok().
+  // If you need to initialize a T object from the stored value,
+  // ConsumeValueOrDie() may be more efficient.
+  const T& ValueOrDie() const;
+
+ private:
+  Status status_;
+  T value_;
+};
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Implementation details for StatusOr<T>
+
+namespace internal {
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT StatusOrHelper {
+ public:
+  // Move type-agnostic error handling to the .cc.
+  static void Crash(const util::Status& status);
+
+  // Customized behavior for StatusOr<T> vs. StatusOr<T*>
+  template<typename T>
+  struct Specialize;
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct StatusOrHelper::Specialize {
+  // For non-pointer T, a reference can never be nullptr.
+  static inline bool IsValueNull(const T& t) { return false; }
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct StatusOrHelper::Specialize<T*> {
+  static inline bool IsValueNull(const T* t) { return t == nullptr; }
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+template<typename T>
+inline StatusOr<T>::StatusOr()
+    : status_(util::Status::UNKNOWN) {
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline StatusOr<T>::StatusOr(const Status& status) {
+  if (status.ok()) {
+    status_ = Status(error::INTERNAL, "Status::OK is not a valid argument.");
+  } else {
+    status_ = status;
+  }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline StatusOr<T>::StatusOr(const T& value) {
+  if (internal::StatusOrHelper::Specialize<T>::IsValueNull(value)) {
+    status_ = Status(error::INTERNAL, "nullptr is not a vaild argument.");
+  } else {
+    status_ = Status::OK;
+    value_ = value;
+  }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline StatusOr<T>::StatusOr(const StatusOr<T>& other)
+    : status_(other.status_), value_(other.value_) {
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline StatusOr<T>& StatusOr<T>::operator=(const StatusOr<T>& other) {
+  status_ = other.status_;
+  value_ = other.value_;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+template<typename U>
+inline StatusOr<T>::StatusOr(const StatusOr<U>& other)
+    : status_(other.status_), value_(other.status_.ok() ? other.value_ : T()) {
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+template<typename U>
+inline StatusOr<T>& StatusOr<T>::operator=(const StatusOr<U>& other) {
+  status_ = other.status_;
+  if (status_.ok()) value_ = other.value_;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline const Status& StatusOr<T>::status() const {
+  return status_;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline bool StatusOr<T>::ok() const {
+  return status().ok();
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline const T& StatusOr<T>::ValueOrDie() const {
+  if (!status_.ok()) {
+    internal::StatusOrHelper::Crash(status_);
+  }
+  return value_;
+}
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUSOR_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e2a9e554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace {
+
+class Base1 {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Base1() {}
+  int pad;
+};
+
+class Base2 {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Base2() {}
+  int yetotherpad;
+};
+
+class Derived : public Base1, public Base2 {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Derived() {}
+  int evenmorepad;
+};
+
+class CopyNoAssign {
+ public:
+  explicit CopyNoAssign(int value) : foo(value) {}
+  CopyNoAssign(const CopyNoAssign& other) : foo(other.foo) {}
+  int foo;
+ private:
+  const CopyNoAssign& operator=(const CopyNoAssign&);
+};
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestDefaultCtor) {
+  StatusOr<int> thing;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(thing.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Status::UNKNOWN, thing.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestStatusCtor) {
+  StatusOr<int> thing(Status::CANCELLED);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(thing.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Status::CANCELLED, thing.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestValueCtor) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  StatusOr<int> thing(kI);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(thing.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kI, thing.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestCopyCtorStatusOk) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  StatusOr<int> original(kI);
+  StatusOr<int> copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.ValueOrDie(), copy.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestCopyCtorStatusNotOk) {
+  StatusOr<int> original(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<int> copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestCopyCtorStatusOKConverting) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  StatusOr<int>    original(kI);
+  StatusOr<double> copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.ValueOrDie(), copy.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestCopyCtorStatusNotOkConverting) {
+  StatusOr<int>    original(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<double> copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestAssignmentStatusOk) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  StatusOr<int> source(kI);
+  StatusOr<int> target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.ValueOrDie(), target.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestAssignmentStatusNotOk) {
+  StatusOr<int> source(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<int> target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestAssignmentStatusOKConverting) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  StatusOr<int>    source(kI);
+  StatusOr<double> target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(source.ValueOrDie(), target.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestAssignmentStatusNotOkConverting) {
+  StatusOr<int>    source(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<double> target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestStatus) {
+  StatusOr<int> good(4);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(good.ok());
+  StatusOr<int> bad(Status::CANCELLED);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(bad.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Status::CANCELLED, bad.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestValue) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  StatusOr<int> thing(kI);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kI, thing.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestValueConst) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  const StatusOr<int> thing(kI);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kI, thing.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerDefaultCtor) {
+  StatusOr<int*> thing;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(thing.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Status::UNKNOWN, thing.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerStatusCtor) {
+  StatusOr<int*> thing(Status::CANCELLED);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(thing.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Status::CANCELLED, thing.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerValueCtor) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  StatusOr<const int*> thing(&kI);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(thing.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&kI, thing.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerCopyCtorStatusOk) {
+  const int kI = 0;
+  StatusOr<const int*> original(&kI);
+  StatusOr<const int*> copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.ValueOrDie(), copy.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerCopyCtorStatusNotOk) {
+  StatusOr<int*> original(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<int*> copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerCopyCtorStatusOKConverting) {
+  Derived derived;
+  StatusOr<Derived*> original(&derived);
+  StatusOr<Base2*>   copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<const Base2*>(original.ValueOrDie()),
+            copy.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerCopyCtorStatusNotOkConverting) {
+  StatusOr<Derived*> original(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<Base2*>   copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerAssignmentStatusOk) {
+  const int kI = 0;
+  StatusOr<const int*> source(&kI);
+  StatusOr<const int*> target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.ValueOrDie(), target.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerAssignmentStatusNotOk) {
+  StatusOr<int*> source(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<int*> target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerAssignmentStatusOKConverting) {
+  Derived derived;
+  StatusOr<Derived*> source(&derived);
+  StatusOr<Base2*>   target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<const Base2*>(source.ValueOrDie()),
+            target.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerAssignmentStatusNotOkConverting) {
+  StatusOr<Derived*> source(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<Base2*>   target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerStatus) {
+  const int kI = 0;
+  StatusOr<const int*> good(&kI);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(good.ok());
+  StatusOr<const int*> bad(Status::CANCELLED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(Status::CANCELLED, bad.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerValue) {
+  const int kI = 0;
+  StatusOr<const int*> thing(&kI);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&kI, thing.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerValueConst) {
+  const int kI = 0;
+  const StatusOr<const int*> thing(&kI);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&kI, thing.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa81eb6f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// from google3/util/gtl/stl_util.h
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STL_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STL_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Inside Google, this function implements a horrible, disgusting hack in which
+// we reach into the string's private implementation and resize it without
+// initializing the new bytes.  In some cases doing this can significantly
+// improve performance.  However, since it's totally non-portable it has no
+// place in open source code.  Feel free to fill this function in with your
+// own disgusting hack if you want the perf boost.
+inline void STLStringResizeUninitialized(string* s, size_t new_size) {
+  s->resize(new_size);
+}
+
+// Return a mutable char* pointing to a string's internal buffer,
+// which may not be null-terminated. Writing through this pointer will
+// modify the string.
+//
+// string_as_array(&str)[i] is valid for 0 <= i < str.size() until the
+// next call to a string method that invalidates iterators.
+//
+// As of 2006-04, there is no standard-blessed way of getting a
+// mutable reference to a string's internal buffer. However, issue 530
+// (http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/lwg-active.html#530)
+// proposes this as the method. According to Matt Austern, this should
+// already work on all current implementations.
+inline char* string_as_array(string* str) {
+  // DO NOT USE const_cast<char*>(str->data())! See the unittest for why.
+  return str->empty() ? nullptr : &*str->begin();
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STL_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc2f52105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <climits>
+#include <string>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, StringPiece piece) {
+  o.write(piece.data(), piece.size());
+  return o;
+}
+
+// Out-of-line error path.
+void StringPiece::LogFatalSizeTooBig(size_t size, const char* details) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "size too big: " << size << " details: " << details;
+}
+
+StringPiece::StringPiece(StringPiece x, stringpiece_ssize_type pos)
+    : ptr_(x.ptr_ + pos), length_(x.length_ - pos) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(0, pos);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(pos, x.length_);
+}
+
+StringPiece::StringPiece(StringPiece x,
+                         stringpiece_ssize_type pos,
+                         stringpiece_ssize_type len)
+    : ptr_(x.ptr_ + pos), length_(std::min(len, x.length_ - pos)) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(0, pos);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(pos, x.length_);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(len, 0);
+}
+
+void StringPiece::CopyToString(string* target) const {
+  target->assign(ptr_, length_);
+}
+
+void StringPiece::AppendToString(string* target) const {
+  target->append(ptr_, length_);
+}
+
+bool StringPiece::Consume(StringPiece x) {
+  if (starts_with(x)) {
+    ptr_ += x.length_;
+    length_ -= x.length_;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool StringPiece::ConsumeFromEnd(StringPiece x) {
+  if (ends_with(x)) {
+    length_ -= x.length_;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::copy(char* buf,
+                                         size_type n,
+                                         size_type pos) const {
+  stringpiece_ssize_type ret = std::min(length_ - pos, n);
+  memcpy(buf, ptr_ + pos, ret);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+bool StringPiece::contains(StringPiece s) const {
+  return find(s, 0) != npos;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find(StringPiece s, size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0 || pos > static_cast<size_type>(length_)) {
+    if (length_ == 0 && pos == 0 && s.length_ == 0) return 0;
+    return npos;
+  }
+  const char *result = std::search(ptr_ + pos, ptr_ + length_,
+                                   s.ptr_, s.ptr_ + s.length_);
+  return result == ptr_ + length_ ? npos : result - ptr_;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find(char c, size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0 || pos >= static_cast<size_type>(length_)) {
+    return npos;
+  }
+  const char* result = static_cast<const char*>(
+      memchr(ptr_ + pos, c, length_ - pos));
+  return result != nullptr ? result - ptr_ : npos;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::rfind(StringPiece s, size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ < s.length_) return npos;
+  const size_t ulen = length_;
+  if (s.length_ == 0) return std::min(ulen, pos);
+
+  const char* last = ptr_ + std::min(ulen - s.length_, pos) + s.length_;
+  const char* result = std::find_end(ptr_, last, s.ptr_, s.ptr_ + s.length_);
+  return result != last ? result - ptr_ : npos;
+}
+
+// Search range is [0..pos] inclusive.  If pos == npos, search everything.
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::rfind(char c, size_type pos) const {
+  // Note: memrchr() is not available on Windows.
+  if (length_ <= 0) return npos;
+  for (stringpiece_ssize_type i =
+      std::min(pos, static_cast<size_type>(length_ - 1));
+       i >= 0; --i) {
+    if (ptr_[i] == c) {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  return npos;
+}
+
+// For each character in characters_wanted, sets the index corresponding
+// to the ASCII code of that character to 1 in table.  This is used by
+// the find_.*_of methods below to tell whether or not a character is in
+// the lookup table in constant time.
+// The argument `table' must be an array that is large enough to hold all
+// the possible values of an unsigned char.  Thus it should be be declared
+// as follows:
+//   bool table[UCHAR_MAX + 1]
+static inline void BuildLookupTable(StringPiece characters_wanted,
+                                    bool* table) {
+  const stringpiece_ssize_type length = characters_wanted.length();
+  const char* const data = characters_wanted.data();
+  for (stringpiece_ssize_type i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+    table[static_cast<unsigned char>(data[i])] = true;
+  }
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find_first_of(StringPiece s,
+                                                  size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0 || s.length_ <= 0) {
+    return npos;
+  }
+  // Avoid the cost of BuildLookupTable() for a single-character search.
+  if (s.length_ == 1) return find_first_of(s.ptr_[0], pos);
+
+  bool lookup[UCHAR_MAX + 1] = { false };
+  BuildLookupTable(s, lookup);
+  for (stringpiece_ssize_type i = pos; i < length_; ++i) {
+    if (lookup[static_cast<unsigned char>(ptr_[i])]) {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  return npos;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find_first_not_of(StringPiece s,
+                                                      size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0) return npos;
+  if (s.length_ <= 0) return 0;
+  // Avoid the cost of BuildLookupTable() for a single-character search.
+  if (s.length_ == 1) return find_first_not_of(s.ptr_[0], pos);
+
+  bool lookup[UCHAR_MAX + 1] = { false };
+  BuildLookupTable(s, lookup);
+  for (stringpiece_ssize_type i = pos; i < length_; ++i) {
+    if (!lookup[static_cast<unsigned char>(ptr_[i])]) {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  return npos;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find_first_not_of(char c,
+                                                      size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0) return npos;
+
+  for (; pos < static_cast<size_type>(length_); ++pos) {
+    if (ptr_[pos] != c) {
+      return pos;
+    }
+  }
+  return npos;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find_last_of(StringPiece s,
+                                                 size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0 || s.length_ <= 0) return npos;
+  // Avoid the cost of BuildLookupTable() for a single-character search.
+  if (s.length_ == 1) return find_last_of(s.ptr_[0], pos);
+
+  bool lookup[UCHAR_MAX + 1] = { false };
+  BuildLookupTable(s, lookup);
+  for (stringpiece_ssize_type i =
+       std::min(pos, static_cast<size_type>(length_ - 1)); i >= 0; --i) {
+    if (lookup[static_cast<unsigned char>(ptr_[i])]) {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  return npos;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find_last_not_of(StringPiece s,
+                                                     size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0) return npos;
+
+  stringpiece_ssize_type i = std::min(pos, static_cast<size_type>(length_ - 1));
+  if (s.length_ <= 0) return i;
+
+  // Avoid the cost of BuildLookupTable() for a single-character search.
+  if (s.length_ == 1) return find_last_not_of(s.ptr_[0], pos);
+
+  bool lookup[UCHAR_MAX + 1] = { false };
+  BuildLookupTable(s, lookup);
+  for (; i >= 0; --i) {
+    if (!lookup[static_cast<unsigned char>(ptr_[i])]) {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  return npos;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find_last_not_of(char c,
+                                                     size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0) return npos;
+
+  for (stringpiece_ssize_type i =
+       std::min(pos, static_cast<size_type>(length_ - 1)); i >= 0; --i) {
+    if (ptr_[i] != c) {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  return npos;
+}
+
+StringPiece StringPiece::substr(size_type pos, size_type n) const {
+  if (pos > length_) pos = length_;
+  if (n > length_ - pos) n = length_ - pos;
+  return StringPiece(ptr_ + pos, n);
+}
+
+const StringPiece::size_type StringPiece::npos = size_type(-1);
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ae38813f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A StringPiece points to part or all of a string, Cord, double-quoted string
+// literal, or other string-like object.  A StringPiece does *not* own the
+// string to which it points.  A StringPiece is not null-terminated.
+//
+// You can use StringPiece as a function or method parameter.  A StringPiece
+// parameter can receive a double-quoted string literal argument, a "const
+// char*" argument, a string argument, or a StringPiece argument with no data
+// copying.  Systematic use of StringPiece for arguments reduces data
+// copies and strlen() calls.
+//
+// Prefer passing StringPieces by value:
+//   void MyFunction(StringPiece arg);
+// If circumstances require, you may also pass by const reference:
+//   void MyFunction(const StringPiece& arg);  // not preferred
+// Both of these have the same lifetime semantics.  Passing by value
+// generates slightly smaller code.  For more discussion, see the thread
+// go/stringpiecebyvalue on c-users.
+//
+// StringPiece is also suitable for local variables if you know that
+// the lifetime of the underlying object is longer than the lifetime
+// of your StringPiece variable.
+//
+// Beware of binding a StringPiece to a temporary:
+//   StringPiece sp = obj.MethodReturningString();  // BAD: lifetime problem
+//
+// This code is okay:
+//   string str = obj.MethodReturningString();  // str owns its contents
+//   StringPiece sp(str);  // GOOD, because str outlives sp
+//
+// StringPiece is sometimes a poor choice for a return value and usually a poor
+// choice for a data member.  If you do use a StringPiece this way, it is your
+// responsibility to ensure that the object pointed to by the StringPiece
+// outlives the StringPiece.
+//
+// A StringPiece may represent just part of a string; thus the name "Piece".
+// For example, when splitting a string, vector<StringPiece> is a natural data
+// type for the output.  For another example, a Cord is a non-contiguous,
+// potentially very long string-like object.  The Cord class has an interface
+// that iteratively provides StringPiece objects that point to the
+// successive pieces of a Cord object.
+//
+// A StringPiece is not null-terminated.  If you write code that scans a
+// StringPiece, you must check its length before reading any characters.
+// Common idioms that work on null-terminated strings do not work on
+// StringPiece objects.
+//
+// There are several ways to create a null StringPiece:
+//   StringPiece()
+//   StringPiece(nullptr)
+//   StringPiece(nullptr, 0)
+// For all of the above, sp.data() == nullptr, sp.length() == 0,
+// and sp.empty() == true.  Also, if you create a StringPiece with
+// a non-null pointer then sp.data() != nullptr.  Once created,
+// sp.data() will stay either nullptr or not-nullptr, except if you call
+// sp.clear() or sp.set().
+//
+// Thus, you can use StringPiece(nullptr) to signal an out-of-band value
+// that is different from other StringPiece values.  This is similar
+// to the way that const char* p1 = nullptr; is different from
+// const char* p2 = "";.
+//
+// There are many ways to create an empty StringPiece:
+//   StringPiece()
+//   StringPiece(nullptr)
+//   StringPiece(nullptr, 0)
+//   StringPiece("")
+//   StringPiece("", 0)
+//   StringPiece("abcdef", 0)
+//   StringPiece("abcdef"+6, 0)
+// For all of the above, sp.length() will be 0 and sp.empty() will be true.
+// For some empty StringPiece values, sp.data() will be nullptr.
+// For some empty StringPiece values, sp.data() will not be nullptr.
+//
+// Be careful not to confuse: null StringPiece and empty StringPiece.
+// The set of empty StringPieces properly includes the set of null StringPieces.
+// That is, every null StringPiece is an empty StringPiece,
+// but some non-null StringPieces are empty Stringpieces too.
+//
+// All empty StringPiece values compare equal to each other.
+// Even a null StringPieces compares equal to a non-null empty StringPiece:
+//  StringPiece() == StringPiece("", 0)
+//  StringPiece(nullptr) == StringPiece("abc", 0)
+//  StringPiece(nullptr, 0) == StringPiece("abcdef"+6, 0)
+//
+// Look carefully at this example:
+//   StringPiece("") == nullptr
+// True or false?  TRUE, because StringPiece::operator== converts
+// the right-hand side from nullptr to StringPiece(nullptr),
+// and then compares two zero-length spans of characters.
+// However, we are working to make this example produce a compile error.
+//
+// Suppose you want to write:
+//   bool TestWhat?(StringPiece sp) { return sp == nullptr; }  // BAD
+// Do not do that.  Write one of these instead:
+//   bool TestNull(StringPiece sp) { return sp.data() == nullptr; }
+//   bool TestEmpty(StringPiece sp) { return sp.empty(); }
+// The intent of TestWhat? is unclear.  Did you mean TestNull or TestEmpty?
+// Right now, TestWhat? behaves likes TestEmpty.
+// We are working to make TestWhat? produce a compile error.
+// TestNull is good to test for an out-of-band signal.
+// TestEmpty is good to test for an empty StringPiece.
+//
+// Caveats (again):
+// (1) The lifetime of the pointed-to string (or piece of a string)
+//     must be longer than the lifetime of the StringPiece.
+// (2) There may or may not be a '\0' character after the end of
+//     StringPiece data.
+// (3) A null StringPiece is empty.
+//     An empty StringPiece may or may not be a null StringPiece.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STRINGPIECE_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STRINGPIECE_H_
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+// StringPiece has *two* size types.
+// StringPiece::size_type
+//   is unsigned
+//   is 32 bits in LP32, 64 bits in LP64, 64 bits in LLP64
+//   no future changes intended
+// stringpiece_ssize_type
+//   is signed
+//   is 32 bits in LP32, 64 bits in LP64, 64 bits in LLP64
+//   future changes intended: http://go/64BitStringPiece
+//
+typedef string::difference_type stringpiece_ssize_type;
+
+// STRINGPIECE_CHECK_SIZE protects us from 32-bit overflows.
+// TODO(mec): delete this after stringpiece_ssize_type goes 64 bit.
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+#define STRINGPIECE_CHECK_SIZE 1
+#elif defined(_FORTIFY_SOURCE) && _FORTIFY_SOURCE > 0
+#define STRINGPIECE_CHECK_SIZE 1
+#else
+#define STRINGPIECE_CHECK_SIZE 0
+#endif
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT StringPiece {
+ private:
+  const char* ptr_;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type length_;
+
+  // Prevent overflow in debug mode or fortified mode.
+  // sizeof(stringpiece_ssize_type) may be smaller than sizeof(size_t).
+  static stringpiece_ssize_type CheckedSsizeTFromSizeT(size_t size) {
+#if STRINGPIECE_CHECK_SIZE > 0
+#ifdef max
+#undef max
+#endif
+    if (size > static_cast<size_t>(
+        std::numeric_limits<stringpiece_ssize_type>::max())) {
+      // Some people grep for this message in logs
+      // so take care if you ever change it.
+      LogFatalSizeTooBig(size, "size_t to int conversion");
+    }
+#endif
+    return static_cast<stringpiece_ssize_type>(size);
+  }
+
+  // Out-of-line error path.
+  static void LogFatalSizeTooBig(size_t size, const char* details);
+
+ public:
+  // We provide non-explicit singleton constructors so users can pass
+  // in a "const char*" or a "string" wherever a "StringPiece" is
+  // expected.
+  //
+  // Style guide exception granted:
+  // http://goto/style-guide-exception-20978288
+  StringPiece() : ptr_(nullptr), length_(0) {}
+
+  StringPiece(const char* str)  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
+      : ptr_(str), length_(0) {
+    if (str != nullptr) {
+      length_ = CheckedSsizeTFromSizeT(strlen(str));
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <class Allocator>
+  StringPiece(  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
+      const std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, Allocator>& str)
+      : ptr_(str.data()), length_(0) {
+    length_ = CheckedSsizeTFromSizeT(str.size());
+  }
+
+  StringPiece(const char* offset, stringpiece_ssize_type len)
+      : ptr_(offset), length_(len) {
+    assert(len >= 0);
+  }
+
+  // Substring of another StringPiece.
+  // pos must be non-negative and <= x.length().
+  StringPiece(StringPiece x, stringpiece_ssize_type pos);
+  // Substring of another StringPiece.
+  // pos must be non-negative and <= x.length().
+  // len must be non-negative and will be pinned to at most x.length() - pos.
+  StringPiece(StringPiece x,
+              stringpiece_ssize_type pos,
+              stringpiece_ssize_type len);
+
+  // data() may return a pointer to a buffer with embedded NULs, and the
+  // returned buffer may or may not be null terminated.  Therefore it is
+  // typically a mistake to pass data() to a routine that expects a NUL
+  // terminated string.
+  const char* data() const { return ptr_; }
+  stringpiece_ssize_type size() const { return length_; }
+  stringpiece_ssize_type length() const { return length_; }
+  bool empty() const { return length_ == 0; }
+
+  void clear() {
+    ptr_ = nullptr;
+    length_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  void set(const char* data, stringpiece_ssize_type len) {
+    assert(len >= 0);
+    ptr_ = data;
+    length_ = len;
+  }
+
+  void set(const char* str) {
+    ptr_ = str;
+    if (str != nullptr)
+      length_ = CheckedSsizeTFromSizeT(strlen(str));
+    else
+      length_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  void set(const void* data, stringpiece_ssize_type len) {
+    ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data);
+    length_ = len;
+  }
+
+  char operator[](stringpiece_ssize_type i) const {
+    assert(0 <= i);
+    assert(i < length_);
+    return ptr_[i];
+  }
+
+  void remove_prefix(stringpiece_ssize_type n) {
+    assert(length_ >= n);
+    ptr_ += n;
+    length_ -= n;
+  }
+
+  void remove_suffix(stringpiece_ssize_type n) {
+    assert(length_ >= n);
+    length_ -= n;
+  }
+
+  // returns {-1, 0, 1}
+  int compare(StringPiece x) const {
+    const stringpiece_ssize_type min_size =
+        length_ < x.length_ ? length_ : x.length_;
+    int r = memcmp(ptr_, x.ptr_, static_cast<size_t>(min_size));
+    if (r < 0) return -1;
+    if (r > 0) return 1;
+    if (length_ < x.length_) return -1;
+    if (length_ > x.length_) return 1;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  string as_string() const {
+    return ToString();
+  }
+  // We also define ToString() here, since many other string-like
+  // interfaces name the routine that converts to a C++ string
+  // "ToString", and it's confusing to have the method that does that
+  // for a StringPiece be called "as_string()".  We also leave the
+  // "as_string()" method defined here for existing code.
+  string ToString() const {
+    if (ptr_ == nullptr) return string();
+    return string(data(), static_cast<size_type>(size()));
+  }
+
+  operator string() const {
+    return ToString();
+  }
+
+  void CopyToString(string* target) const;
+  void AppendToString(string* target) const;
+
+  bool starts_with(StringPiece x) const {
+    return (length_ >= x.length_) &&
+           (memcmp(ptr_, x.ptr_, static_cast<size_t>(x.length_)) == 0);
+  }
+
+  bool ends_with(StringPiece x) const {
+    return ((length_ >= x.length_) &&
+            (memcmp(ptr_ + (length_-x.length_), x.ptr_,
+                 static_cast<size_t>(x.length_)) == 0));
+  }
+
+  // Checks whether StringPiece starts with x and if so advances the beginning
+  // of it to past the match.  It's basically a shortcut for starts_with
+  // followed by remove_prefix.
+  bool Consume(StringPiece x);
+  // Like above but for the end of the string.
+  bool ConsumeFromEnd(StringPiece x);
+
+  // standard STL container boilerplate
+  typedef char value_type;
+  typedef const char* pointer;
+  typedef const char& reference;
+  typedef const char& const_reference;
+  typedef size_t size_type;
+  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+  static const size_type npos;
+  typedef const char* const_iterator;
+  typedef const char* iterator;
+  typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
+  typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
+  iterator begin() const { return ptr_; }
+  iterator end() const { return ptr_ + length_; }
+  const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const {
+    return const_reverse_iterator(ptr_ + length_);
+  }
+  const_reverse_iterator rend() const {
+    return const_reverse_iterator(ptr_);
+  }
+  stringpiece_ssize_type max_size() const { return length_; }
+  stringpiece_ssize_type capacity() const { return length_; }
+
+  // cpplint.py emits a false positive [build/include_what_you_use]
+  stringpiece_ssize_type copy(char* buf, size_type n, size_type pos = 0) const;  // NOLINT
+
+  bool contains(StringPiece s) const;
+
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find(StringPiece s, size_type pos = 0) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find(char c, size_type pos = 0) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type rfind(StringPiece s, size_type pos = npos) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type rfind(char c, size_type pos = npos) const;
+
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_first_of(StringPiece s, size_type pos = 0) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_first_of(char c, size_type pos = 0) const {
+    return find(c, pos);
+  }
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_first_not_of(StringPiece s,
+                                           size_type pos = 0) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_first_not_of(char c, size_type pos = 0) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_last_of(StringPiece s,
+                                      size_type pos = npos) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_last_of(char c, size_type pos = npos) const {
+    return rfind(c, pos);
+  }
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_last_not_of(StringPiece s,
+                                          size_type pos = npos) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_last_not_of(char c, size_type pos = npos) const;
+
+  StringPiece substr(size_type pos, size_type n = npos) const;
+};
+
+// This large function is defined inline so that in a fairly common case where
+// one of the arguments is a literal, the compiler can elide a lot of the
+// following comparisons.
+inline bool operator==(StringPiece x, StringPiece y) {
+  stringpiece_ssize_type len = x.size();
+  if (len != y.size()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return x.data() == y.data() || len <= 0 ||
+      memcmp(x.data(), y.data(), static_cast<size_t>(len)) == 0;
+}
+
+inline bool operator!=(StringPiece x, StringPiece y) {
+  return !(x == y);
+}
+
+inline bool operator<(StringPiece x, StringPiece y) {
+  const stringpiece_ssize_type min_size =
+      x.size() < y.size() ? x.size() : y.size();
+  const int r = memcmp(x.data(), y.data(), static_cast<size_t>(min_size));
+  return (r < 0) || (r == 0 && x.size() < y.size());
+}
+
+inline bool operator>(StringPiece x, StringPiece y) {
+  return y < x;
+}
+
+inline bool operator<=(StringPiece x, StringPiece y) {
+  return !(x > y);
+}
+
+inline bool operator>=(StringPiece x, StringPiece y) {
+  return !(x < y);
+}
+
+// allow StringPiece to be logged
+extern std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, StringPiece piece);
+
+namespace internal {
+// StringPiece is not a POD and can not be used in an union (pre C++11). We
+// need a POD version of it.
+struct StringPiecePod {
+  // Create from a StringPiece.
+  static StringPiecePod CreateFromStringPiece(StringPiece str) {
+    StringPiecePod pod;
+    pod.data_ = str.data();
+    pod.size_ = str.size();
+    return pod;
+  }
+
+  // Cast to StringPiece.
+  operator StringPiece() const { return StringPiece(data_, size_); }
+
+  bool operator==(const char* value) const {
+    return StringPiece(data_, size_) == StringPiece(value);
+  }
+
+  char operator[](stringpiece_ssize_type i) const {
+    assert(0 <= i);
+    assert(i < size_);
+    return data_[i];
+  }
+
+  const char* data() const { return data_; }
+
+  stringpiece_ssize_type size() const {
+    return size_;
+  }
+
+  std::string ToString() const {
+    return std::string(data_, static_cast<size_t>(size_));
+  }
+
+  operator string() const { return ToString(); }
+
+ private:
+  const char* data_;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type size_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE_DECLARATION_START
+template<> struct hash<StringPiece> {
+  size_t operator()(const StringPiece& s) const {
+    size_t result = 0;
+    for (const char *str = s.data(), *end = str + s.size(); str < end; str++) {
+      result = 5 * result + static_cast<size_t>(*str);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+};
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE_DECLARATION_END
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // STRINGS_STRINGPIECE_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9a32d03a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,796 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+
+#include <iterator>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+TEST(StringPiece, Ctor) {
+  {
+    // Null.
+    StringPiece s10;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s10.data() == nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, s10.length());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // const char* without length.
+    const char* hello = "hello";
+    StringPiece s20(hello);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s20.data() == hello);
+    EXPECT_EQ(5, s20.length());
+
+    // const char* with length.
+    StringPiece s21(hello, 4);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s21.data() == hello);
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, s21.length());
+
+    // Not recommended, but valid C++
+    StringPiece s22(hello, 6);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s22.data() == hello);
+    EXPECT_EQ(6, s22.length());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // std::string.
+    std::string hola = "hola";
+    StringPiece s30(hola);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s30.data() == hola.data());
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, s30.length());
+
+    // std::string with embedded '\0'.
+    hola.push_back('\0');
+    hola.append("h2");
+    hola.push_back('\0');
+    StringPiece s31(hola);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s31.data() == hola.data());
+    EXPECT_EQ(8, s31.length());
+  }
+
+#if defined(HAS_GLOBAL_STRING)
+  {
+    // ::string
+    string bonjour = "bonjour";
+    StringPiece s40(bonjour);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s40.data() == bonjour.data());
+    EXPECT_EQ(7, s40.length());
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // TODO(mec): StringPiece(StringPiece x, int pos);
+  // TODO(mec): StringPiece(StringPiece x, int pos, int len);
+  // TODO(mec): StringPiece(const StringPiece&);
+}
+
+TEST(StringPiece, STLComparator) {
+  string s1("foo");
+  string s2("bar");
+  string s3("baz");
+
+  StringPiece p1(s1);
+  StringPiece p2(s2);
+  StringPiece p3(s3);
+
+  typedef std::map<StringPiece, int> TestMap;
+  TestMap map;
+
+  map.insert(std::make_pair(p1, 0));
+  map.insert(std::make_pair(p2, 1));
+  map.insert(std::make_pair(p3, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(map.size(), 3);
+
+  TestMap::const_iterator iter = map.begin();
+  EXPECT_EQ(iter->second, 1);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ(iter->second, 2);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ(iter->second, 0);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter == map.end());
+
+  TestMap::iterator new_iter = map.find("zot");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(new_iter == map.end());
+
+  new_iter = map.find("bar");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(new_iter != map.end());
+
+  map.erase(new_iter);
+  EXPECT_EQ(map.size(), 2);
+
+  iter = map.begin();
+  EXPECT_EQ(iter->second, 2);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ(iter->second, 0);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter == map.end());
+}
+
+TEST(StringPiece, ComparisonOperators) {
+#define COMPARE(result, op, x, y) \
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, StringPiece((x)) op StringPiece((y))); \
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, StringPiece((x)).compare(StringPiece((y))) op 0)
+
+  COMPARE(true, ==, "",   "");
+  COMPARE(true, ==, "", nullptr);
+  COMPARE(true, ==, nullptr, "");
+  COMPARE(true, ==, "a",  "a");
+  COMPARE(true, ==, "aa", "aa");
+  COMPARE(false, ==, "a",  "");
+  COMPARE(false, ==, "",   "a");
+  COMPARE(false, ==, "a",  "b");
+  COMPARE(false, ==, "a",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(false, ==, "aa", "a");
+
+  COMPARE(false, !=, "",   "");
+  COMPARE(false, !=, "a",  "a");
+  COMPARE(false, !=, "aa", "aa");
+  COMPARE(true, !=, "a",  "");
+  COMPARE(true, !=, "",   "a");
+  COMPARE(true, !=, "a",  "b");
+  COMPARE(true, !=, "a",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(true, !=, "aa", "a");
+
+  COMPARE(true, <, "a",  "b");
+  COMPARE(true, <, "a",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(true, <, "aa", "b");
+  COMPARE(true, <, "aa", "bb");
+  COMPARE(false, <, "a",  "a");
+  COMPARE(false, <, "b",  "a");
+  COMPARE(false, <, "aa", "a");
+  COMPARE(false, <, "b",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(false, <, "bb", "aa");
+
+  COMPARE(true, <=, "a",  "a");
+  COMPARE(true, <=, "a",  "b");
+  COMPARE(true, <=, "a",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(true, <=, "aa", "b");
+  COMPARE(true, <=, "aa", "bb");
+  COMPARE(false, <=, "b",  "a");
+  COMPARE(false, <=, "aa", "a");
+  COMPARE(false, <=, "b",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(false, <=, "bb", "aa");
+
+  COMPARE(false, >=, "a",  "b");
+  COMPARE(false, >=, "a",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(false, >=, "aa", "b");
+  COMPARE(false, >=, "aa", "bb");
+  COMPARE(true, >=, "a",  "a");
+  COMPARE(true, >=, "b",  "a");
+  COMPARE(true, >=, "aa", "a");
+  COMPARE(true, >=, "b",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(true, >=, "bb", "aa");
+
+  COMPARE(false, >, "a",  "a");
+  COMPARE(false, >, "a",  "b");
+  COMPARE(false, >, "a",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(false, >, "aa", "b");
+  COMPARE(false, >, "aa", "bb");
+  COMPARE(true, >, "b",  "a");
+  COMPARE(true, >, "aa", "a");
+  COMPARE(true, >, "b",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(true, >, "bb", "aa");
+
+  string x;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+    x += 'a';
+    string y = x;
+    COMPARE(true, ==, x, y);
+    for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+      string z = x;
+      z[j] = 'b';       // Differs in position 'j'
+      COMPARE(false, ==, x, z);
+      COMPARE(true, <, x, z);
+      COMPARE(true, >, z, x);
+      if (j + 1 < i) {
+        z[j + 1] = 'A';  // Differs in position 'j+1' as well
+        COMPARE(false, ==, x, z);
+        COMPARE(true, <, x, z);
+        COMPARE(true, >, z, x);
+        z[j + 1] = 'z';  // Differs in position 'j+1' as well
+        COMPARE(false, ==, x, z);
+        COMPARE(true, <, x, z);
+        COMPARE(true, >, z, x);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+#undef COMPARE
+}
+
+TEST(StringPiece, STL1) {
+  const StringPiece a("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
+  const StringPiece b("abc");
+  const StringPiece c("xyz");
+  const StringPiece d("foobar");
+  const StringPiece e;
+  string temp("123");
+  temp += '\0';
+  temp += "456";
+  const StringPiece f(temp);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a[6], 'g');
+  EXPECT_EQ(b[0], 'a');
+  EXPECT_EQ(c[2], 'z');
+  EXPECT_EQ(f[3], '\0');
+  EXPECT_EQ(f[5], '5');
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(*d.data(), 'f');
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.data()[5], 'r');
+  EXPECT_TRUE(e.data() == nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(*a.begin(), 'a');
+  EXPECT_EQ(*(b.begin() + 2), 'c');
+  EXPECT_EQ(*(c.end() - 1), 'z');
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(*a.rbegin(), 'z');
+  EXPECT_EQ(*(b.rbegin() + 2), 'a');
+  EXPECT_EQ(*(c.rend() - 1), 'x');
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.rbegin() + 26 == a.rend());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.size(), 26);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.size(), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c.size(), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.size(), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.size(), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.size(), 7);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!d.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(d.begin() != d.end());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(d.begin() + 6 == d.end());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(e.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(e.begin() == e.end());
+
+  EXPECT_GE(a.max_size(), a.capacity());
+  EXPECT_GE(a.capacity(), a.size());
+
+  char buf[4] = { '%', '%', '%', '%' };
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.copy(buf, 4), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[0], a[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[1], a[1]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[2], a[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[3], a[3]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.copy(buf, 3, 7), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[0], a[7]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[1], a[8]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[2], a[9]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[3], a[3]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c.copy(buf, 99), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[0], c[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[1], c[1]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[2], c[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[3], a[3]);
+}
+
+// Separated from STL1() because some compilers produce an overly
+// large stack frame for the combined function.
+TEST(StringPiece, STL2) {
+  const StringPiece a("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
+  const StringPiece b("abc");
+  const StringPiece c("xyz");
+  StringPiece d("foobar");
+  const StringPiece e;
+  const StringPiece f("123" "\0" "456", 7);
+
+  d.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.size(), 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(d.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(d.data() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(d.begin() == d.end());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece::npos, string::npos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(b), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(b, 1), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(c), 23);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(c, 9), 23);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(c, StringPiece::npos), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.find(c), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.find(c, StringPiece::npos), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(d), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(e), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(d, 12), 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(e, 17), 17);
+  StringPiece g("xx not found bb");
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(g), StringPiece::npos);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find(b), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find(b), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find(b, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find(b, 7), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  size_t empty_search_pos = string().find(string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find(d), empty_search_pos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find(e), empty_search_pos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find(d), empty_search_pos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find(e), empty_search_pos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find(d, 4), string().find(string(), 4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find(e, 4), string().find(string(), 4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find(d, 4), string().find(string(), 4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find(e, 4), string().find(string(), 4));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find('a'), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find('c'), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find('z'), 25);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find('$'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find('\0'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find('\0'), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find('3'), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find('5'), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.find('o'), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.find('o', 4), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.find('o', 5), 8);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find('b', 5), StringPiece::npos);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find('\0'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find('\0'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find('\0', 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find('\0', 7), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find('x'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find('x'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find('x', 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find('x', 7), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(b), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(b, 1), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(c), 23);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(c, 22), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(c, 1), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(c, 0), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.rfind(c), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.rfind(c, 0), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(d), a.as_string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(e), a.as_string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(d, 12), 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(e, 17), 17);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(g), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind(b), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind(b), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind(b, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind(b, 7), StringPiece::npos);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind(d, 4), string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind(d, 7), string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind(e, 4), string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind(e, 7), string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind(d), string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind(d), string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind(e), string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind(e), string().rfind(string()));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.rfind('o'), 8);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.rfind('q'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.rfind('o', 8), 8);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.rfind('o', 7), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.rfind('o', 3), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.rfind('\0'), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.rfind('\0', 12), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.rfind('3'), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.rfind('5'), 5);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind('o'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind('o'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind('o', 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind('o', 7), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(b), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(b, 0), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(b, 1), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(b, 2), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(b, 3), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(c), 23);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(c, 23), 23);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(c, 24), 24);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(c, 25), 25);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(c, 26), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.find_first_of(b), 13);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.find_first_of(c), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(f), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_first_of(a), StringPiece::npos);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_of(b), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_of(b), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_not_of(b), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_not_of(c), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.find_first_not_of(a), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c.find_first_not_of(a), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_first_not_of(a), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_not_of(f), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_not_of(d), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_not_of(e), 0);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_not_of(a), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_not_of(a), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_not_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_not_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_not_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_not_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  StringPiece h("====");
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_first_not_of('='), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_first_not_of('=', 3), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_first_not_of('\0'), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.find_first_not_of('x'), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_first_not_of('\0'), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_first_not_of('\0', 3), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_first_not_of('\0', 2), 2);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_not_of('x'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_not_of('x'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_not_of('\0'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_not_of('\0'), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  //  StringPiece g("xx not found bb");
+  StringPiece i("56");
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_last_of(a), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.find_last_of(a), g.size()-1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of(b), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of(c), a.size()-1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(i), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('a'), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('b'), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('z'), 25);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('a', 5), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('b', 5), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('b', 0), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('z', 25), 25);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('z', 24), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(i, 5), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(i, 6), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(a, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(d, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(e, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_of(f), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_of(f), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_of(d, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_of(e, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_of(d, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_of(e, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_of(f, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_of(f, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_not_of(b), a.size()-1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_not_of(c), 22);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.find_last_not_of(a), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.find_last_not_of(b), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_not_of(i), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_not_of(c, 24), 22);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_not_of(b, 3), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_not_of(b, 2), StringPiece::npos);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_not_of(d), f.size()-1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_not_of(e), f.size()-1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_not_of(d, 4), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_not_of(e, 4), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of(f), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of(f), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of(d, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of(e, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of(d, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of(e, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of(f, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of(f, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_last_not_of('x'), h.size() - 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_last_not_of('='), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.find_last_not_of('c'), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_last_not_of('x', 2), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_last_not_of('=', 2), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.find_last_not_of('b', 1), 0);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of('x'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of('x'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of('\0'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of('\0'), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(0, 3), b);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(23), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(23, 3), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(23, 99), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(0), a);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(3, 2), "de");
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(99, 2), e);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.substr(99), e);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.substr(0, 99), e);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.substr(99, 99), e);
+  // use of npos
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(0, StringPiece::npos), a);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(23, StringPiece::npos), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(StringPiece::npos, 0), e);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(StringPiece::npos, 1), e);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(StringPiece::npos, StringPiece::npos), e);
+
+  // Substring constructors.
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a, 0, 3), b);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a, 23), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a, 23, 3), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a, 23, 99), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a, 0), a);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a, 3, 2), "de");
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(d, 0, 99), e);
+  // Verify that they work taking an actual string, not just a StringPiece.
+  string a2 = a.as_string();
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a2, 0, 3), b);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a2, 23), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a2, 23, 3), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a2, 23, 99), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a2, 0), a);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a2, 3, 2), "de");
+}
+
+TEST(StringPiece, Custom) {
+  StringPiece a("foobar");
+  string s1("123");
+  s1 += '\0';
+  s1 += "456";
+  StringPiece b(s1);
+  StringPiece e;
+  string s2;
+
+  // CopyToString
+  a.CopyToString(&s2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2.size(), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2, "foobar");
+  b.CopyToString(&s2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2.size(), 7);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s1, s2);
+  e.CopyToString(&s2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(s2.empty());
+
+  // AppendToString
+  s2.erase();
+  a.AppendToString(&s2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2.size(), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2, "foobar");
+  a.AppendToString(&s2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2.size(), 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2, "foobarfoobar");
+
+  // starts_with
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.starts_with(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.starts_with("foo"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.starts_with(e));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(b.starts_with(s1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(b.starts_with(b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(b.starts_with(e));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(e.starts_with(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!a.starts_with(b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!b.starts_with(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!e.starts_with(a));
+
+  // ends with
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.ends_with(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.ends_with("bar"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.ends_with(e));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(b.ends_with(s1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(b.ends_with(b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(b.ends_with(e));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(e.ends_with(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!a.ends_with(b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!b.ends_with(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!e.ends_with(a));
+
+  // remove_prefix
+  StringPiece c(a);
+  c.remove_prefix(3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, "bar");
+  c = a;
+  c.remove_prefix(0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, a);
+  c.remove_prefix(c.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, e);
+
+  // remove_suffix
+  c = a;
+  c.remove_suffix(3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, "foo");
+  c = a;
+  c.remove_suffix(0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, a);
+  c.remove_suffix(c.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, e);
+
+  // set
+  c.set("foobar", 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, a);
+  c.set("foobar", 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, e);
+  c.set("foobar", 7);
+  EXPECT_NE(c, a);
+
+  c.set("foobar");
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, a);
+
+  c.set(static_cast<const void*>("foobar"), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, a);
+  c.set(static_cast<const void*>("foobar"), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, e);
+  c.set(static_cast<const void*>("foobar"), 7);
+  EXPECT_NE(c, a);
+
+  // as_string
+  string s3(a.as_string().c_str(), 7);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, s3);
+  string s4(e.as_string());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(s4.empty());
+
+  // ToString
+  {
+    string s5(a.ToString().c_str(), 7);
+    EXPECT_EQ(c, s5);
+    string s6(e.ToString());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s6.empty());
+  }
+
+  // Consume
+  a.set("foobar");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.Consume("foo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, "bar");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a.Consume("foo"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a.Consume("barbar"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a.Consume("ar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, "bar");
+
+  a.set("foobar");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.ConsumeFromEnd("bar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, "foo");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a.ConsumeFromEnd("bar"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a.ConsumeFromEnd("foofoo"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a.ConsumeFromEnd("fo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, "foo");
+}
+
+TEST(StringPiece, Contains) {
+  StringPiece a("abcdefg");
+  StringPiece b("abcd");
+  StringPiece c("efg");
+  StringPiece d("gh");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.contains(b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.contains(c));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!a.contains(d));
+}
+
+TEST(StringPiece, NullInput) {
+  // we used to crash here, but now we don't.
+  StringPiece s(nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s.data(), (const char*)nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s.size(), 0);
+
+  s.set(nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s.data(), (const char*)nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s.size(), 0);
+
+  // .ToString() on a StringPiece with nullptr should produce the empty string.
+  EXPECT_EQ("", s.ToString());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", s.as_string());
+}
+
+TEST(StringPiece, Comparisons2) {
+  StringPiece abc("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
+
+  // check comparison operations on strings longer than 4 bytes.
+  EXPECT_EQ(abc, StringPiece("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(abc.compare(StringPiece("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")), 0);
+
+  EXPECT_LT(abc, StringPiece("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxzz"));
+  EXPECT_LT(abc.compare(StringPiece("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxzz")), 0);
+
+  EXPECT_GT(abc, StringPiece("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyy"));
+  EXPECT_GT(abc.compare(StringPiece("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyy")), 0);
+
+  // starts_with
+  EXPECT_TRUE(abc.starts_with(abc));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(abc.starts_with("abcdefghijklm"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!abc.starts_with("abcdefguvwxyz"));
+
+  // ends_with
+  EXPECT_TRUE(abc.ends_with(abc));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!abc.ends_with("abcdefguvwxyz"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(abc.ends_with("nopqrstuvwxyz"));
+}
+
+TEST(ComparisonOpsTest, StringCompareNotAmbiguous) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", string("hello"));
+  EXPECT_LT("hello", string("world"));
+}
+
+TEST(ComparisonOpsTest, HeterogenousStringPieceEquals) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece("hello"), string("hello"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", StringPiece("hello"));
+}
+
+TEST(FindOneCharTest, EdgeCases) {
+  StringPiece a("xxyyyxx");
+
+  // Set a = "xyyyx".
+  a.remove_prefix(1);
+  a.remove_suffix(1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a.find('x'));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a.find('x', 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, a.find('x', 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, a.find('x', 4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece::npos, a.find('x', 5));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, a.rfind('x'));
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, a.rfind('x', 5));
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, a.rfind('x', 4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a.rfind('x', 3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a.rfind('x', 0));
+
+  // Set a = "yyy".
+  a.remove_prefix(1);
+  a.remove_suffix(1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece::npos, a.find('x'));
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece::npos, a.rfind('x'));
+}
+
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+TEST(NonNegativeLenTest, NonNegativeLen) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH(StringPiece("xyz", -1), "len >= 0");
+}
+#endif  // ndef DEBUG
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6019fc66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2012 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// from google3/base/stringprintf.cc
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h> // For va_list and related operations
+#include <stdio.h> // MSVC requires this for _vsnprintf
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+enum { IS_COMPILER_MSVC = 1 };
+#ifndef va_copy
+// Define va_copy for MSVC. This is a hack, assuming va_list is simply a
+// pointer into the stack and is safe to copy.
+#define va_copy(dest, src) ((dest) = (src))
+#endif
+#else
+enum { IS_COMPILER_MSVC = 0 };
+#endif
+
+void StringAppendV(string* dst, const char* format, va_list ap) {
+  // First try with a small fixed size buffer
+  static const int kSpaceLength = 1024;
+  char space[kSpaceLength];
+
+  // It's possible for methods that use a va_list to invalidate
+  // the data in it upon use.  The fix is to make a copy
+  // of the structure before using it and use that copy instead.
+  va_list backup_ap;
+  va_copy(backup_ap, ap);
+  int result = vsnprintf(space, kSpaceLength, format, backup_ap);
+  va_end(backup_ap);
+
+  if (result < kSpaceLength) {
+    if (result >= 0) {
+      // Normal case -- everything fit.
+      dst->append(space, result);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (IS_COMPILER_MSVC) {
+      // Error or MSVC running out of space.  MSVC 8.0 and higher
+      // can be asked about space needed with the special idiom below:
+      va_copy(backup_ap, ap);
+      result = vsnprintf(nullptr, 0, format, backup_ap);
+      va_end(backup_ap);
+    }
+
+    if (result < 0) {
+      // Just an error.
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Increase the buffer size to the size requested by vsnprintf,
+  // plus one for the closing \0.
+  int length = result+1;
+  char* buf = new char[length];
+
+  // Restore the va_list before we use it again
+  va_copy(backup_ap, ap);
+  result = vsnprintf(buf, length, format, backup_ap);
+  va_end(backup_ap);
+
+  if (result >= 0 && result < length) {
+    // It fit
+    dst->append(buf, result);
+  }
+  delete[] buf;
+}
+
+
+string StringPrintf(const char* format, ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, format);
+  string result;
+  StringAppendV(&result, format, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  return result;
+}
+
+const string& SStringPrintf(string* dst, const char* format, ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, format);
+  dst->clear();
+  StringAppendV(dst, format, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  return *dst;
+}
+
+void StringAppendF(string* dst, const char* format, ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, format);
+  StringAppendV(dst, format, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+
+// Max arguments supported by StringPrintVector
+const int kStringPrintfVectorMaxArgs = 32;
+
+// An empty block of zero for filler arguments.  This is const so that if
+// printf tries to write to it (via %n) then the program gets a SIGSEGV
+// and we can fix the problem or protect against an attack.
+static const char string_printf_empty_block[256] = { '\0' };
+
+string StringPrintfVector(const char* format, const std::vector<string>& v) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(v.size(), kStringPrintfVectorMaxArgs)
+      << "StringPrintfVector currently only supports up to "
+      << kStringPrintfVectorMaxArgs << " arguments. "
+      << "Feel free to add support for more if you need it.";
+
+  // Add filler arguments so that bogus format+args have a harder time
+  // crashing the program, corrupting the program (%n),
+  // or displaying random chunks of memory to users.
+
+  const char* cstr[kStringPrintfVectorMaxArgs];
+  for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
+    cstr[i] = v[i].c_str();
+  }
+  for (int i = v.size(); i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(cstr); ++i) {
+    cstr[i] = &string_printf_empty_block[0];
+  }
+
+  // I do not know any way to pass kStringPrintfVectorMaxArgs arguments,
+  // or any way to build a va_list by hand, or any API for printf
+  // that accepts an array of arguments.  The best I can do is stick
+  // this COMPILE_ASSERT right next to the actual statement.
+
+  GOOGLE_COMPILE_ASSERT(kStringPrintfVectorMaxArgs == 32, arg_count_mismatch);
+  return StringPrintf(format,
+                      cstr[0], cstr[1], cstr[2], cstr[3], cstr[4],
+                      cstr[5], cstr[6], cstr[7], cstr[8], cstr[9],
+                      cstr[10], cstr[11], cstr[12], cstr[13], cstr[14],
+                      cstr[15], cstr[16], cstr[17], cstr[18], cstr[19],
+                      cstr[20], cstr[21], cstr[22], cstr[23], cstr[24],
+                      cstr[25], cstr[26], cstr[27], cstr[28], cstr[29],
+                      cstr[30], cstr[31]);
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..253d736a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2012 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// from google3/base/stringprintf.h
+//
+// Printf variants that place their output in a C++ string.
+//
+// Usage:
+//      string result = StringPrintf("%d %s\n", 10, "hello");
+//      SStringPrintf(&result, "%d %s\n", 10, "hello");
+//      StringAppendF(&result, "%d %s\n", 20, "there");
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STRINGPRINTF_H
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STRINGPRINTF_H
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Return a C++ string
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern string StringPrintf(const char* format, ...);
+
+// Store result into a supplied string and return it
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern const string& SStringPrintf(string* dst,
+                                                   const char* format, ...);
+
+// Append result to a supplied string
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern void StringAppendF(string* dst, const char* format, ...);
+
+// Lower-level routine that takes a va_list and appends to a specified
+// string.  All other routines are just convenience wrappers around it.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern void StringAppendV(string* dst, const char* format,
+                                          va_list ap);
+
+// The max arguments supported by StringPrintfVector
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern const int kStringPrintfVectorMaxArgs;
+
+// You can use this version when all your arguments are strings, but
+// you don't know how many arguments you'll have at compile time.
+// StringPrintfVector will LOG(FATAL) if v.size() > kStringPrintfVectorMaxArgs
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern string StringPrintfVector(const char* format,
+                                                 const std::vector<string>& v);
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STRINGPRINTF_H
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7fcbf500e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2012 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// from google3/base/stringprintf_unittest.cc
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(StringPrintfTest, Empty) {
+#if 0
+  // gcc 2.95.3, gcc 4.1.0, and gcc 4.2.2 all warn about this:
+  // warning: zero-length printf format string.
+  // so we do not allow them in google3.
+  EXPECT_EQ("", StringPrintf(""));
+#endif
+  EXPECT_EQ("", StringPrintf("%s", string().c_str()));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", StringPrintf("%s", ""));
+}
+
+TEST(StringPrintfTest, Misc) {
+// MSVC and mingw does not support $ format specifier.
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
+  EXPECT_EQ("123hello w", StringPrintf("%3$d%2$s %1$c", 'w', "hello", 123));
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+}
+
+TEST(StringAppendFTest, Empty) {
+  string value("Hello");
+  const char* empty = "";
+  StringAppendF(&value, "%s", empty);
+  EXPECT_EQ("Hello", value);
+}
+
+TEST(StringAppendFTest, EmptyString) {
+  string value("Hello");
+  StringAppendF(&value, "%s", "");
+  EXPECT_EQ("Hello", value);
+}
+
+TEST(StringAppendFTest, String) {
+  string value("Hello");
+  StringAppendF(&value, " %s", "World");
+  EXPECT_EQ("Hello World", value);
+}
+
+TEST(StringAppendFTest, Int) {
+  string value("Hello");
+  StringAppendF(&value, " %d", 123);
+  EXPECT_EQ("Hello 123", value);
+}
+
+TEST(StringPrintfTest, Multibyte) {
+  // If we are in multibyte mode and feed invalid multibyte sequence,
+  // StringPrintf should return an empty string instead of running
+  // out of memory while trying to determine destination buffer size.
+  // see b/4194543.
+
+  char* old_locale = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, nullptr);
+  // Push locale with multibyte mode
+  setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "en_US.utf8");
+
+  const char kInvalidCodePoint[] = "\375\067s";
+  string value = StringPrintf("%.*s", 3, kInvalidCodePoint);
+
+  // In some versions of glibc (e.g. eglibc-2.11.1, aka GRTEv2), snprintf
+  // returns error given an invalid codepoint. Other versions
+  // (e.g. eglibc-2.15, aka pre-GRTEv3) emit the codepoint verbatim.
+  // We test that the output is one of the above.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(value.empty() || value == kInvalidCodePoint);
+
+  // Repeat with longer string, to make sure that the dynamically
+  // allocated path in StringAppendV is handled correctly.
+  int n = 2048;
+  char* buf = new char[n+1];
+  memset(buf, ' ', n-3);
+  memcpy(buf + n - 3, kInvalidCodePoint, 4);
+  value =  StringPrintf("%.*s", n, buf);
+  // See GRTEv2 vs. GRTEv3 comment above.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(value.empty() || value == buf);
+  delete[] buf;
+
+  setlocale(LC_CTYPE, old_locale);
+}
+
+TEST(StringPrintfTest, NoMultibyte) {
+  // No multibyte handling, but the string contains funny chars.
+  char* old_locale = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, nullptr);
+  setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "POSIX");
+  string value = StringPrintf("%.*s", 3, "\375\067s");
+  setlocale(LC_CTYPE, old_locale);
+  EXPECT_EQ("\375\067s", value);
+}
+
+TEST(StringPrintfTest, DontOverwriteErrno) {
+  // Check that errno isn't overwritten unless we're printing
+  // something significantly larger than what people are normally
+  // printing in their badly written PLOG() statements.
+  errno = ECHILD;
+  string value = StringPrintf("Hello, %s!", "World");
+  EXPECT_EQ(ECHILD, errno);
+}
+
+TEST(StringPrintfTest, LargeBuf) {
+  // Check that the large buffer is handled correctly.
+  int n = 2048;
+  char* buf = new char[n+1];
+  memset(buf, ' ', n);
+  buf[n] = 0;
+  string value = StringPrintf("%s", buf);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf, value);
+  delete[] buf;
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/structurally_valid.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/structurally_valid.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..788b224d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/structurally_valid.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,617 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jrm@google.com (Jim Meehan)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// These four-byte entries compactly encode how many bytes 0..255 to delete
+// in making a string replacement, how many bytes to add 0..255, and the offset
+// 0..64k-1 of the replacement string in remap_string.
+struct RemapEntry {
+  uint8 delete_bytes;
+  uint8 add_bytes;
+  uint16 bytes_offset;
+};
+
+// Exit type codes for state tables. All but the first get stuffed into
+// signed one-byte entries. The first is only generated by executable code.
+// To distinguish from next-state entries, these must be contiguous and
+// all <= kExitNone
+typedef enum {
+  kExitDstSpaceFull = 239,
+  kExitIllegalStructure,  // 240
+  kExitOK,                // 241
+  kExitReject,            // ...
+  kExitReplace1,
+  kExitReplace2,
+  kExitReplace3,
+  kExitReplace21,
+  kExitReplace31,
+  kExitReplace32,
+  kExitReplaceOffset1,
+  kExitReplaceOffset2,
+  kExitReplace1S0,
+  kExitSpecial,
+  kExitDoAgain,
+  kExitRejectAlt,
+  kExitNone               // 255
+} ExitReason;
+
+
+// This struct represents one entire state table. The three initialized byte
+// areas are state_table, remap_base, and remap_string. state0 and state0_size
+// give the byte offset and length within state_table of the initial state --
+// table lookups are expected to start and end in this state, but for
+// truncated UTF-8 strings, may end in a different state. These allow a quick
+// test for that condition. entry_shift is 8 for tables subscripted by a full
+// byte value and 6 for space-optimized tables subscripted by only six
+// significant bits in UTF-8 continuation bytes.
+typedef struct {
+  const uint32 state0;
+  const uint32 state0_size;
+  const uint32 total_size;
+  const int max_expand;
+  const int entry_shift;
+  const int bytes_per_entry;
+  const uint32 losub;
+  const uint32 hiadd;
+  const uint8* state_table;
+  const RemapEntry* remap_base;
+  const uint8* remap_string;
+  const uint8* fast_state;
+} UTF8StateMachineObj;
+
+typedef UTF8StateMachineObj UTF8ScanObj;
+
+#define X__ (kExitIllegalStructure)
+#define RJ_ (kExitReject)
+#define S1_ (kExitReplace1)
+#define S2_ (kExitReplace2)
+#define S3_ (kExitReplace3)
+#define S21 (kExitReplace21)
+#define S31 (kExitReplace31)
+#define S32 (kExitReplace32)
+#define T1_ (kExitReplaceOffset1)
+#define T2_ (kExitReplaceOffset2)
+#define S11 (kExitReplace1S0)
+#define SP_ (kExitSpecial)
+#define D__ (kExitDoAgain)
+#define RJA (kExitRejectAlt)
+
+//  Entire table has 9 state blocks of 256 entries each
+static const unsigned int utf8acceptnonsurrogates_STATE0 = 0;     // state[0]
+static const unsigned int utf8acceptnonsurrogates_STATE0_SIZE = 256;  // =[1]
+static const unsigned int utf8acceptnonsurrogates_TOTAL_SIZE = 2304;
+static const unsigned int utf8acceptnonsurrogates_MAX_EXPAND_X4 = 0;
+static const unsigned int utf8acceptnonsurrogates_SHIFT = 8;
+static const unsigned int utf8acceptnonsurrogates_BYTES = 1;
+static const unsigned int utf8acceptnonsurrogates_LOSUB = 0x20202020;
+static const unsigned int utf8acceptnonsurrogates_HIADD = 0x00000000;
+
+static const uint8 utf8acceptnonsurrogates[] = {
+// state[0] 0x000000 Byte 1
+  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+
+  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+X__, X__,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,    1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
+  1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,    1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
+  2,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,    3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   7,   3,   3,
+  4,   5,   5,   5,   6, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+// state[1] 0x000080 Byte 2 of 2
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+// state[2] 0x000000 Byte 2 of 3
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+  1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,    1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
+  1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,    1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+// state[3] 0x001000 Byte 2 of 3
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+  1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,    1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
+  1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,    1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
+  1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,    1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
+  1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,    1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+// state[4] 0x000000 Byte 2 of 4
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+  3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,    3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,
+  3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,    3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,
+  3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,    3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+// state[5] 0x040000 Byte 2 of 4
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+  3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,    3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,
+  3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,    3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,
+  3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,    3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,
+  3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,    3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+// state[6] 0x100000 Byte 2 of 4
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+  3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,    3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+// state[7] 0x00d000 Byte 2 of 3
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+  1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,    1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
+  1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,    1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,
+  8,   8,   8,   8,   8,   8,   8,   8,    8,   8,   8,   8,   8,   8,   8,   8,
+  8,   8,   8,   8,   8,   8,   8,   8,    8,   8,   8,   8,   8,   8,   8,   8,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+// state[8] 0x00d800 Byte 3 of 3
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+
+RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_,  RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_,
+RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_,  RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_,
+RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_,  RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_,
+RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_,  RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_, RJ_,
+
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,  X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__, X__,
+};
+
+// Remap base[0] = (del, add, string_offset)
+static const RemapEntry utf8acceptnonsurrogates_remap_base[] = {
+{0, 0, 0} };
+
+// Remap string[0]
+static const unsigned char utf8acceptnonsurrogates_remap_string[] = {
+0 };
+
+static const unsigned char utf8acceptnonsurrogates_fast[256] = {
+0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+
+0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+
+1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+
+1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+};
+
+static const UTF8ScanObj utf8acceptnonsurrogates_obj = {
+  utf8acceptnonsurrogates_STATE0,
+  utf8acceptnonsurrogates_STATE0_SIZE,
+  utf8acceptnonsurrogates_TOTAL_SIZE,
+  utf8acceptnonsurrogates_MAX_EXPAND_X4,
+  utf8acceptnonsurrogates_SHIFT,
+  utf8acceptnonsurrogates_BYTES,
+  utf8acceptnonsurrogates_LOSUB,
+  utf8acceptnonsurrogates_HIADD,
+  utf8acceptnonsurrogates,
+  utf8acceptnonsurrogates_remap_base,
+  utf8acceptnonsurrogates_remap_string,
+  utf8acceptnonsurrogates_fast
+};
+
+
+#undef X__
+#undef RJ_
+#undef S1_
+#undef S2_
+#undef S3_
+#undef S21
+#undef S31
+#undef S32
+#undef T1_
+#undef T2_
+#undef S11
+#undef SP_
+#undef D__
+#undef RJA
+
+// Return true if current Tbl pointer is within state0 range
+// Note that unsigned compare checks both ends of range simultaneously
+static inline bool InStateZero(const UTF8ScanObj* st, const uint8* Tbl) {
+  const uint8* Tbl0 = &st->state_table[st->state0];
+  return (static_cast<uint32>(Tbl - Tbl0) < st->state0_size);
+}
+
+// Scan a UTF-8 string based on state table.
+// Always scan complete UTF-8 characters
+// Set number of bytes scanned. Return reason for exiting
+int UTF8GenericScan(const UTF8ScanObj* st,
+                    const char * str,
+                    int str_length,
+                    int* bytes_consumed) {
+  *bytes_consumed = 0;
+  if (str_length == 0) return kExitOK;
+
+  int eshift = st->entry_shift;
+  const uint8* isrc = reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(str);
+  const uint8* src = isrc;
+  const uint8* srclimit = isrc + str_length;
+  const uint8* srclimit8 = str_length < 7 ? isrc : srclimit - 7;
+  const uint8* Tbl_0 = &st->state_table[st->state0];
+
+ DoAgain:
+  // Do state-table scan
+  int e = 0;
+  uint8 c;
+  const uint8* Tbl2 = &st->fast_state[0];
+  const uint32 losub = st->losub;
+  const uint32 hiadd = st->hiadd;
+  // Check initial few bytes one at a time until 8-byte aligned
+  //----------------------------
+  while ((((uintptr_t)src & 0x07) != 0) &&
+         (src < srclimit) &&
+         Tbl2[src[0]] == 0) {
+    src++;
+  }
+  if (((uintptr_t)src & 0x07) == 0) {
+    // Do fast for groups of 8 identity bytes.
+    // This covers a lot of 7-bit ASCII ~8x faster then the 1-byte loop,
+    // including slowing slightly on cr/lf/ht
+    //----------------------------
+    while (src < srclimit8) {
+      uint32 s0123 = (reinterpret_cast<const uint32 *>(src))[0];
+      uint32 s4567 = (reinterpret_cast<const uint32 *>(src))[1];
+      src += 8;
+      // This is a fast range check for all bytes in [lowsub..0x80-hiadd)
+      uint32 temp = (s0123 - losub) | (s0123 + hiadd) |
+                    (s4567 - losub) | (s4567 + hiadd);
+      if ((temp & 0x80808080) != 0) {
+        // We typically end up here on cr/lf/ht; src was incremented
+        int e0123 = (Tbl2[src[-8]] | Tbl2[src[-7]]) |
+                    (Tbl2[src[-6]] | Tbl2[src[-5]]);
+        if (e0123 != 0) {
+          src -= 8;
+          break;
+        }    // Exit on Non-interchange
+        e0123 = (Tbl2[src[-4]] | Tbl2[src[-3]]) |
+                (Tbl2[src[-2]] | Tbl2[src[-1]]);
+        if (e0123 != 0) {
+          src -= 4;
+          break;
+        }    // Exit on Non-interchange
+        // Else OK, go around again
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  //----------------------------
+
+  // Byte-at-a-time scan
+  //----------------------------
+  const uint8* Tbl = Tbl_0;
+  while (src < srclimit) {
+    c = *src;
+    e = Tbl[c];
+    src++;
+    if (e >= kExitIllegalStructure) {break;}
+    Tbl = &Tbl_0[e << eshift];
+  }
+  //----------------------------
+
+
+  // Exit posibilities:
+  //  Some exit code, !state0, back up over last char
+  //  Some exit code, state0, back up one byte exactly
+  //  source consumed, !state0, back up over partial char
+  //  source consumed, state0, exit OK
+  // For illegal byte in state0, avoid backup up over PREVIOUS char
+  // For truncated last char, back up to beginning of it
+
+  if (e >= kExitIllegalStructure) {
+    // Back up over exactly one byte of rejected/illegal UTF-8 character
+    src--;
+    // Back up more if needed
+    if (!InStateZero(st, Tbl)) {
+      do {
+        src--;
+      } while ((src > isrc) && ((src[0] & 0xc0) == 0x80));
+    }
+  } else if (!InStateZero(st, Tbl)) {
+    // Back up over truncated UTF-8 character
+    e = kExitIllegalStructure;
+    do {
+      src--;
+    } while ((src > isrc) && ((src[0] & 0xc0) == 0x80));
+  } else {
+    // Normal termination, source fully consumed
+    e = kExitOK;
+  }
+
+  if (e == kExitDoAgain) {
+    // Loop back up to the fast scan
+    goto DoAgain;
+  }
+
+  *bytes_consumed = src - isrc;
+  return e;
+}
+
+int UTF8GenericScanFastAscii(const UTF8ScanObj* st,
+                    const char * str,
+                    int str_length,
+                    int* bytes_consumed) {
+  *bytes_consumed = 0;
+  if (str_length == 0) return kExitOK;
+
+  const uint8* isrc =  reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(str);
+  const uint8* src = isrc;
+  const uint8* srclimit = isrc + str_length;
+  const uint8* srclimit8 = str_length < 7 ? isrc : srclimit - 7;
+  int n;
+  int rest_consumed;
+  int exit_reason;
+  do {
+    // Check initial few bytes one at a time until 8-byte aligned
+    while ((((uintptr_t)src & 0x07) != 0) &&
+           (src < srclimit) && (src[0] < 0x80)) {
+      src++;
+    }
+    if (((uintptr_t)src & 0x07) == 0) {
+      while ((src < srclimit8) &&
+             (((reinterpret_cast<const uint32*>(src)[0] |
+                reinterpret_cast<const uint32*>(src)[1]) & 0x80808080) == 0)) {
+        src += 8;
+      }
+    }
+    while ((src < srclimit) && (src[0] < 0x80)) {
+      src++;
+    }
+    // Run state table on the rest
+    n = src - isrc;
+    exit_reason = UTF8GenericScan(st, str + n, str_length - n, &rest_consumed);
+    src += rest_consumed;
+  } while ( exit_reason == kExitDoAgain );
+
+  *bytes_consumed = src - isrc;
+  return exit_reason;
+}
+
+// Hack:  On some compilers the static tables are initialized at startup.
+//   We can't use them until they are initialized.  However, some Protocol
+//   Buffer parsing happens at static init time and may try to validate
+//   UTF-8 strings.  Since UTF-8 validation is only used for debugging
+//   anyway, we simply always return success if initialization hasn't
+//   occurred yet.
+namespace {
+
+bool module_initialized_ = false;
+
+struct InitDetector {
+  InitDetector() {
+    module_initialized_ = true;
+  }
+};
+InitDetector init_detector;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool IsStructurallyValidUTF8(const char* buf, int len) {
+  if (!module_initialized_) return true;
+
+  int bytes_consumed = 0;
+  UTF8GenericScanFastAscii(&utf8acceptnonsurrogates_obj,
+                           buf, len, &bytes_consumed);
+  return (bytes_consumed == len);
+}
+
+int UTF8SpnStructurallyValid(const StringPiece& str) {
+  if (!module_initialized_) return str.size();
+
+  int bytes_consumed = 0;
+  UTF8GenericScanFastAscii(&utf8acceptnonsurrogates_obj,
+                           str.data(), str.size(), &bytes_consumed);
+  return bytes_consumed;
+}
+
+// Coerce UTF-8 byte string in src_str to be
+// a structurally-valid equal-length string by selectively
+// overwriting illegal bytes with replace_char (typically blank).
+// replace_char must be legal printable 7-bit Ascii 0x20..0x7e.
+// src_str is read-only. If any overwriting is needed, a modified byte string
+// is created in idst, length isrclen.
+//
+// Returns pointer to output buffer, isrc if no changes were made,
+//  or idst if some bytes were changed.
+//
+// Fast case: all is structurally valid and no byte copying is done.
+//
+char* UTF8CoerceToStructurallyValid(const StringPiece& src_str,
+                                    char* idst,
+                                    const char replace_char) {
+  const char* isrc = src_str.data();
+  const int len = src_str.length();
+  int n = UTF8SpnStructurallyValid(src_str);
+  if (n == len) {               // Normal case -- all is cool, return
+    return const_cast<char*>(isrc);
+  } else {                      // Unusual case -- copy w/o bad bytes
+    const char* src = isrc;
+    const char* srclimit = isrc + len;
+    char* dst = idst;
+    memmove(dst, src, n);       // Copy initial good chunk
+    src += n;
+    dst += n;
+    while (src < srclimit) {    // src points to bogus byte or is off the end
+      dst[0] = replace_char;                    // replace one bad byte
+      src++;
+      dst++;
+      StringPiece str2(src, srclimit - src);
+      n = UTF8SpnStructurallyValid(str2);       // scan the remainder
+      memmove(dst, src, n);                     // copy next good chunk
+      src += n;
+      dst += n;
+    }
+  }
+  return idst;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/structurally_valid_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/structurally_valid_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eec07a87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/structurally_valid_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+// Author: xpeng@google.com (Peter Peng)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(StructurallyValidTest, ValidUTF8String) {
+  // On GCC, this string can be written as:
+  //   "abcd 1234 - \u2014\u2013\u2212"
+  // MSVC seems to interpret \u differently.
+  string valid_str("abcd 1234 - \342\200\224\342\200\223\342\210\222 - xyz789");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsStructurallyValidUTF8(valid_str.data(),
+                                      valid_str.size()));
+  // Additional check for pointer alignment
+  for (int i = 1; i < 8; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IsStructurallyValidUTF8(valid_str.data() + i,
+                                        valid_str.size() - i));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(StructurallyValidTest, InvalidUTF8String) {
+  const string invalid_str("abcd\xA0\xB0\xA0\xB0\xA0\xB0 - xyz789");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(IsStructurallyValidUTF8(invalid_str.data(),
+                                       invalid_str.size()));
+  // Additional check for pointer alignment
+  for (int i = 1; i < 8; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(IsStructurallyValidUTF8(invalid_str.data() + i,
+                                         invalid_str.size() - i));
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62b3f0a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2471 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// from google3/strings/strutil.cc
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <float.h>    // FLT_DIG and DBL_DIG
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// MSVC has only _snprintf, not snprintf.
+//
+// MinGW has both snprintf and _snprintf, but they appear to be different
+// functions.  The former is buggy.  When invoked like so:
+//   char buffer[32];
+//   snprintf(buffer, 32, "%.*g\n", FLT_DIG, 1.23e10f);
+// it prints "1.23000e+10".  This is plainly wrong:  %g should never print
+// trailing zeros after the decimal point.  For some reason this bug only
+// occurs with some input values, not all.  In any case, _snprintf does the
+// right thing, so we use it.
+#define snprintf _snprintf
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// These are defined as macros on some platforms.  #undef them so that we can
+// redefine them.
+#undef isxdigit
+#undef isprint
+
+// The definitions of these in ctype.h change based on locale.  Since our
+// string manipulation is all in relation to the protocol buffer and C++
+// languages, we always want to use the C locale.  So, we re-define these
+// exactly as we want them.
+inline bool isxdigit(char c) {
+  return ('0' <= c && c <= '9') ||
+         ('a' <= c && c <= 'f') ||
+         ('A' <= c && c <= 'F');
+}
+
+inline bool isprint(char c) {
+  return c >= 0x20 && c <= 0x7E;
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ReplaceCharacters
+//    Replaces any occurrence of the character 'remove' (or the characters
+//    in 'remove') with the character 'replacewith'.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+void ReplaceCharacters(string *s, const char *remove, char replacewith) {
+  const char *str_start = s->c_str();
+  const char *str = str_start;
+  for (str = strpbrk(str, remove);
+       str != nullptr;
+       str = strpbrk(str + 1, remove)) {
+    (*s)[str - str_start] = replacewith;
+  }
+}
+
+void StripWhitespace(string* str) {
+  int str_length = str->length();
+
+  // Strip off leading whitespace.
+  int first = 0;
+  while (first < str_length && ascii_isspace(str->at(first))) {
+    ++first;
+  }
+  // If entire string is white space.
+  if (first == str_length) {
+    str->clear();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (first > 0) {
+    str->erase(0, first);
+    str_length -= first;
+  }
+
+  // Strip off trailing whitespace.
+  int last = str_length - 1;
+  while (last >= 0 && ascii_isspace(str->at(last))) {
+    --last;
+  }
+  if (last != (str_length - 1) && last >= 0) {
+    str->erase(last + 1, string::npos);
+  }
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// StringReplace()
+//    Replace the "old" pattern with the "new" pattern in a string,
+//    and append the result to "res".  If replace_all is false,
+//    it only replaces the first instance of "old."
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void StringReplace(const string& s, const string& oldsub,
+                   const string& newsub, bool replace_all,
+                   string* res) {
+  if (oldsub.empty()) {
+    res->append(s);  // if empty, append the given string.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  string::size_type start_pos = 0;
+  string::size_type pos;
+  do {
+    pos = s.find(oldsub, start_pos);
+    if (pos == string::npos) {
+      break;
+    }
+    res->append(s, start_pos, pos - start_pos);
+    res->append(newsub);
+    start_pos = pos + oldsub.size();  // start searching again after the "old"
+  } while (replace_all);
+  res->append(s, start_pos, s.length() - start_pos);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// StringReplace()
+//    Give me a string and two patterns "old" and "new", and I replace
+//    the first instance of "old" in the string with "new", if it
+//    exists.  If "global" is true; call this repeatedly until it
+//    fails.  RETURN a new string, regardless of whether the replacement
+//    happened or not.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+string StringReplace(const string& s, const string& oldsub,
+                     const string& newsub, bool replace_all) {
+  string ret;
+  StringReplace(s, oldsub, newsub, replace_all, &ret);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SplitStringUsing()
+//    Split a string using a character delimiter. Append the components
+//    to 'result'.
+//
+// Note: For multi-character delimiters, this routine will split on *ANY* of
+// the characters in the string, not the entire string as a single delimiter.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+template <typename ITR>
+static inline
+void SplitStringToIteratorUsing(const string& full,
+                                const char* delim,
+                                ITR& result) {
+  // Optimize the common case where delim is a single character.
+  if (delim[0] != '\0' && delim[1] == '\0') {
+    char c = delim[0];
+    const char* p = full.data();
+    const char* end = p + full.size();
+    while (p != end) {
+      if (*p == c) {
+        ++p;
+      } else {
+        const char* start = p;
+        while (++p != end && *p != c);
+        *result++ = string(start, p - start);
+      }
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  string::size_type begin_index, end_index;
+  begin_index = full.find_first_not_of(delim);
+  while (begin_index != string::npos) {
+    end_index = full.find_first_of(delim, begin_index);
+    if (end_index == string::npos) {
+      *result++ = full.substr(begin_index);
+      return;
+    }
+    *result++ = full.substr(begin_index, (end_index - begin_index));
+    begin_index = full.find_first_not_of(delim, end_index);
+  }
+}
+
+void SplitStringUsing(const string& full,
+                      const char* delim,
+                      std::vector<string>* result) {
+  std::back_insert_iterator< std::vector<string> > it(*result);
+  SplitStringToIteratorUsing(full, delim, it);
+}
+
+// Split a string using a character delimiter. Append the components
+// to 'result'.  If there are consecutive delimiters, this function
+// will return corresponding empty strings. The string is split into
+// at most the specified number of pieces greedily. This means that the
+// last piece may possibly be split further. To split into as many pieces
+// as possible, specify 0 as the number of pieces.
+//
+// If "full" is the empty string, yields an empty string as the only value.
+//
+// If "pieces" is negative for some reason, it returns the whole string
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+template <typename StringType, typename ITR>
+static inline
+void SplitStringToIteratorAllowEmpty(const StringType& full,
+                                     const char* delim,
+                                     int pieces,
+                                     ITR& result) {
+  string::size_type begin_index, end_index;
+  begin_index = 0;
+
+  for (int i = 0; (i < pieces-1) || (pieces == 0); i++) {
+    end_index = full.find_first_of(delim, begin_index);
+    if (end_index == string::npos) {
+      *result++ = full.substr(begin_index);
+      return;
+    }
+    *result++ = full.substr(begin_index, (end_index - begin_index));
+    begin_index = end_index + 1;
+  }
+  *result++ = full.substr(begin_index);
+}
+
+void SplitStringAllowEmpty(const string& full, const char* delim,
+                           std::vector<string>* result) {
+  std::back_insert_iterator<std::vector<string> > it(*result);
+  SplitStringToIteratorAllowEmpty(full, delim, 0, it);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// JoinStrings()
+//    This merges a vector of string components with delim inserted
+//    as separaters between components.
+//
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+template <class ITERATOR>
+static void JoinStringsIterator(const ITERATOR& start,
+                                const ITERATOR& end,
+                                const char* delim,
+                                string* result) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(result != nullptr);
+  result->clear();
+  int delim_length = strlen(delim);
+
+  // Precompute resulting length so we can reserve() memory in one shot.
+  int length = 0;
+  for (ITERATOR iter = start; iter != end; ++iter) {
+    if (iter != start) {
+      length += delim_length;
+    }
+    length += iter->size();
+  }
+  result->reserve(length);
+
+  // Now combine everything.
+  for (ITERATOR iter = start; iter != end; ++iter) {
+    if (iter != start) {
+      result->append(delim, delim_length);
+    }
+    result->append(iter->data(), iter->size());
+  }
+}
+
+void JoinStrings(const std::vector<string>& components,
+                 const char* delim,
+                 string * result) {
+  JoinStringsIterator(components.begin(), components.end(), delim, result);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// UnescapeCEscapeSequences()
+//    This does all the unescaping that C does: \ooo, \r, \n, etc
+//    Returns length of resulting string.
+//    The implementation of \x parses any positive number of hex digits,
+//    but it is an error if the value requires more than 8 bits, and the
+//    result is truncated to 8 bits.
+//
+//    The second call stores its errors in a supplied string vector.
+//    If the string vector pointer is nullptr, it reports the errors with LOG().
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define IS_OCTAL_DIGIT(c) (((c) >= '0') && ((c) <= '7'))
+
+// Protocol buffers doesn't ever care about errors, but I don't want to remove
+// the code.
+#define LOG_STRING(LEVEL, VECTOR) GOOGLE_LOG_IF(LEVEL, false)
+
+int UnescapeCEscapeSequences(const char* source, char* dest) {
+  return UnescapeCEscapeSequences(source, dest, nullptr);
+}
+
+int UnescapeCEscapeSequences(const char* source, char* dest,
+                             std::vector<string> *errors) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(errors == nullptr) << "Error reporting not implemented.";
+
+  char* d = dest;
+  const char* p = source;
+
+  // Small optimization for case where source = dest and there's no escaping
+  while ( p == d && *p != '\0' && *p != '\\' )
+    p++, d++;
+
+  while (*p != '\0') {
+    if (*p != '\\') {
+      *d++ = *p++;
+    } else {
+      switch ( *++p ) {                    // skip past the '\\'
+        case '\0':
+          LOG_STRING(ERROR, errors) << "String cannot end with \\";
+          *d = '\0';
+          return d - dest;   // we're done with p
+        case 'a':  *d++ = '\a';  break;
+        case 'b':  *d++ = '\b';  break;
+        case 'f':  *d++ = '\f';  break;
+        case 'n':  *d++ = '\n';  break;
+        case 'r':  *d++ = '\r';  break;
+        case 't':  *d++ = '\t';  break;
+        case 'v':  *d++ = '\v';  break;
+        case '\\': *d++ = '\\';  break;
+        case '?':  *d++ = '\?';  break;    // \?  Who knew?
+        case '\'': *d++ = '\'';  break;
+        case '"':  *d++ = '\"';  break;
+        case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':  // octal digit: 1 to 3 digits
+        case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': {
+          char ch = *p - '0';
+          if ( IS_OCTAL_DIGIT(p[1]) )
+            ch = ch * 8 + *++p - '0';
+          if ( IS_OCTAL_DIGIT(p[1]) )      // safe (and easy) to do this twice
+            ch = ch * 8 + *++p - '0';      // now points at last digit
+          *d++ = ch;
+          break;
+        }
+        case 'x': case 'X': {
+          if (!isxdigit(p[1])) {
+            if (p[1] == '\0') {
+              LOG_STRING(ERROR, errors) << "String cannot end with \\x";
+            } else {
+              LOG_STRING(ERROR, errors) <<
+                "\\x cannot be followed by non-hex digit: \\" << *p << p[1];
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          unsigned int ch = 0;
+          const char *hex_start = p;
+          while (isxdigit(p[1]))  // arbitrarily many hex digits
+            ch = (ch << 4) + hex_digit_to_int(*++p);
+          if (ch > 0xFF)
+            LOG_STRING(ERROR, errors) << "Value of " <<
+              "\\" << string(hex_start, p+1-hex_start) << " exceeds 8 bits";
+          *d++ = ch;
+          break;
+        }
+#if 0  // TODO(kenton):  Support \u and \U?  Requires runetochar().
+        case 'u': {
+          // \uhhhh => convert 4 hex digits to UTF-8
+          char32 rune = 0;
+          const char *hex_start = p;
+          for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+            if (isxdigit(p[1])) {  // Look one char ahead.
+              rune = (rune << 4) + hex_digit_to_int(*++p);  // Advance p.
+            } else {
+              LOG_STRING(ERROR, errors)
+                << "\\u must be followed by 4 hex digits: \\"
+                <<  string(hex_start, p+1-hex_start);
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          d += runetochar(d, &rune);
+          break;
+        }
+        case 'U': {
+          // \Uhhhhhhhh => convert 8 hex digits to UTF-8
+          char32 rune = 0;
+          const char *hex_start = p;
+          for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+            if (isxdigit(p[1])) {  // Look one char ahead.
+              // Don't change rune until we're sure this
+              // is within the Unicode limit, but do advance p.
+              char32 newrune = (rune << 4) + hex_digit_to_int(*++p);
+              if (newrune > 0x10FFFF) {
+                LOG_STRING(ERROR, errors)
+                  << "Value of \\"
+                  << string(hex_start, p + 1 - hex_start)
+                  << " exceeds Unicode limit (0x10FFFF)";
+                break;
+              } else {
+                rune = newrune;
+              }
+            } else {
+              LOG_STRING(ERROR, errors)
+                << "\\U must be followed by 8 hex digits: \\"
+                <<  string(hex_start, p+1-hex_start);
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          d += runetochar(d, &rune);
+          break;
+        }
+#endif
+        default:
+          LOG_STRING(ERROR, errors) << "Unknown escape sequence: \\" << *p;
+      }
+      p++;                                 // read past letter we escaped
+    }
+  }
+  *d = '\0';
+  return d - dest;
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// UnescapeCEscapeString()
+//    This does the same thing as UnescapeCEscapeSequences, but creates
+//    a new string. The caller does not need to worry about allocating
+//    a dest buffer. This should be used for non performance critical
+//    tasks such as printing debug messages. It is safe for src and dest
+//    to be the same.
+//
+//    The second call stores its errors in a supplied string vector.
+//    If the string vector pointer is nullptr, it reports the errors with LOG().
+//
+//    In the first and second calls, the length of dest is returned. In the
+//    the third call, the new string is returned.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+int UnescapeCEscapeString(const string& src, string* dest) {
+  return UnescapeCEscapeString(src, dest, nullptr);
+}
+
+int UnescapeCEscapeString(const string& src, string* dest,
+                          std::vector<string> *errors) {
+  std::unique_ptr<char[]> unescaped(new char[src.size() + 1]);
+  int len = UnescapeCEscapeSequences(src.c_str(), unescaped.get(), errors);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(dest);
+  dest->assign(unescaped.get(), len);
+  return len;
+}
+
+string UnescapeCEscapeString(const string& src) {
+  std::unique_ptr<char[]> unescaped(new char[src.size() + 1]);
+  int len = UnescapeCEscapeSequences(src.c_str(), unescaped.get(), nullptr);
+  return string(unescaped.get(), len);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// CEscapeString()
+// CHexEscapeString()
+//    Copies 'src' to 'dest', escaping dangerous characters using
+//    C-style escape sequences. This is very useful for preparing query
+//    flags. 'src' and 'dest' should not overlap. The 'Hex' version uses
+//    hexadecimal rather than octal sequences.
+//    Returns the number of bytes written to 'dest' (not including the \0)
+//    or -1 if there was insufficient space.
+//
+//    Currently only \n, \r, \t, ", ', \ and !isprint() chars are escaped.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+int CEscapeInternal(const char* src, int src_len, char* dest,
+                    int dest_len, bool use_hex, bool utf8_safe) {
+  const char* src_end = src + src_len;
+  int used = 0;
+  bool last_hex_escape = false; // true if last output char was \xNN
+
+  for (; src < src_end; src++) {
+    if (dest_len - used < 2)   // Need space for two letter escape
+      return -1;
+
+    bool is_hex_escape = false;
+    switch (*src) {
+      case '\n': dest[used++] = '\\'; dest[used++] = 'n';  break;
+      case '\r': dest[used++] = '\\'; dest[used++] = 'r';  break;
+      case '\t': dest[used++] = '\\'; dest[used++] = 't';  break;
+      case '\"': dest[used++] = '\\'; dest[used++] = '\"'; break;
+      case '\'': dest[used++] = '\\'; dest[used++] = '\''; break;
+      case '\\': dest[used++] = '\\'; dest[used++] = '\\'; break;
+      default:
+        // Note that if we emit \xNN and the src character after that is a hex
+        // digit then that digit must be escaped too to prevent it being
+        // interpreted as part of the character code by C.
+        if ((!utf8_safe || static_cast<uint8>(*src) < 0x80) &&
+            (!isprint(*src) ||
+             (last_hex_escape && isxdigit(*src)))) {
+          if (dest_len - used < 4) // need space for 4 letter escape
+            return -1;
+          sprintf(dest + used, (use_hex ? "\\x%02x" : "\\%03o"),
+                  static_cast<uint8>(*src));
+          is_hex_escape = use_hex;
+          used += 4;
+        } else {
+          dest[used++] = *src; break;
+        }
+    }
+    last_hex_escape = is_hex_escape;
+  }
+
+  if (dest_len - used < 1)   // make sure that there is room for \0
+    return -1;
+
+  dest[used] = '\0';   // doesn't count towards return value though
+  return used;
+}
+
+// Calculates the length of the C-style escaped version of 'src'.
+// Assumes that non-printable characters are escaped using octal sequences, and
+// that UTF-8 bytes are not handled specially.
+static inline size_t CEscapedLength(StringPiece src) {
+  static char c_escaped_len[256] = {
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4,  // \t, \n, \r
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  // ", '
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  // '0'..'9'
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  // 'A'..'O'
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1,  // 'P'..'Z', '\'
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  // 'a'..'o'
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4,  // 'p'..'z', DEL
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+  };
+
+  size_t escaped_len = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < src.size(); ++i) {
+    unsigned char c = static_cast<unsigned char>(src[i]);
+    escaped_len += c_escaped_len[c];
+  }
+  return escaped_len;
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Escapes 'src' using C-style escape sequences, and appends the escaped string
+// to 'dest'. This version is faster than calling CEscapeInternal as it computes
+// the required space using a lookup table, and also does not do any special
+// handling for Hex or UTF-8 characters.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CEscapeAndAppend(StringPiece src, string* dest) {
+  size_t escaped_len = CEscapedLength(src);
+  if (escaped_len == src.size()) {
+    dest->append(src.data(), src.size());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  size_t cur_dest_len = dest->size();
+  dest->resize(cur_dest_len + escaped_len);
+  char* append_ptr = &(*dest)[cur_dest_len];
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < src.size(); ++i) {
+    unsigned char c = static_cast<unsigned char>(src[i]);
+    switch (c) {
+      case '\n': *append_ptr++ = '\\'; *append_ptr++ = 'n'; break;
+      case '\r': *append_ptr++ = '\\'; *append_ptr++ = 'r'; break;
+      case '\t': *append_ptr++ = '\\'; *append_ptr++ = 't'; break;
+      case '\"': *append_ptr++ = '\\'; *append_ptr++ = '\"'; break;
+      case '\'': *append_ptr++ = '\\'; *append_ptr++ = '\''; break;
+      case '\\': *append_ptr++ = '\\'; *append_ptr++ = '\\'; break;
+      default:
+        if (!isprint(c)) {
+          *append_ptr++ = '\\';
+          *append_ptr++ = '0' + c / 64;
+          *append_ptr++ = '0' + (c % 64) / 8;
+          *append_ptr++ = '0' + c % 8;
+        } else {
+          *append_ptr++ = c;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+string CEscape(const string& src) {
+  string dest;
+  CEscapeAndAppend(src, &dest);
+  return dest;
+}
+
+namespace strings {
+
+string Utf8SafeCEscape(const string& src) {
+  const int dest_length = src.size() * 4 + 1; // Maximum possible expansion
+  std::unique_ptr<char[]> dest(new char[dest_length]);
+  const int len = CEscapeInternal(src.data(), src.size(),
+                                  dest.get(), dest_length, false, true);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(len, 0);
+  return string(dest.get(), len);
+}
+
+string CHexEscape(const string& src) {
+  const int dest_length = src.size() * 4 + 1; // Maximum possible expansion
+  std::unique_ptr<char[]> dest(new char[dest_length]);
+  const int len = CEscapeInternal(src.data(), src.size(),
+                                  dest.get(), dest_length, true, false);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(len, 0);
+  return string(dest.get(), len);
+}
+
+}  // namespace strings
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// strto32_adaptor()
+// strtou32_adaptor()
+//    Implementation of strto[u]l replacements that have identical
+//    overflow and underflow characteristics for both ILP-32 and LP-64
+//    platforms, including errno preservation in error-free calls.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+int32 strto32_adaptor(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base) {
+  const int saved_errno = errno;
+  errno = 0;
+  const long result = strtol(nptr, endptr, base);
+  if (errno == ERANGE && result == LONG_MIN) {
+    return kint32min;
+  } else if (errno == ERANGE && result == LONG_MAX) {
+    return kint32max;
+  } else if (errno == 0 && result < kint32min) {
+    errno = ERANGE;
+    return kint32min;
+  } else if (errno == 0 && result > kint32max) {
+    errno = ERANGE;
+    return kint32max;
+  }
+  if (errno == 0)
+    errno = saved_errno;
+  return static_cast<int32>(result);
+}
+
+uint32 strtou32_adaptor(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base) {
+  const int saved_errno = errno;
+  errno = 0;
+  const unsigned long result = strtoul(nptr, endptr, base);
+  if (errno == ERANGE && result == ULONG_MAX) {
+    return kuint32max;
+  } else if (errno == 0 && result > kuint32max) {
+    errno = ERANGE;
+    return kuint32max;
+  }
+  if (errno == 0)
+    errno = saved_errno;
+  return static_cast<uint32>(result);
+}
+
+inline bool safe_parse_sign(string* text  /*inout*/,
+                            bool* negative_ptr  /*output*/) {
+  const char* start = text->data();
+  const char* end = start + text->size();
+
+  // Consume whitespace.
+  while (start < end && (start[0] == ' ')) {
+    ++start;
+  }
+  while (start < end && (end[-1] == ' ')) {
+    --end;
+  }
+  if (start >= end) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Consume sign.
+  *negative_ptr = (start[0] == '-');
+  if (*negative_ptr || start[0] == '+') {
+    ++start;
+    if (start >= end) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  *text = text->substr(start - text->data(), end - start);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template<typename IntType>
+bool safe_parse_positive_int(
+    string text, IntType* value_p) {
+  int base = 10;
+  IntType value = 0;
+  const IntType vmax = std::numeric_limits<IntType>::max();
+  assert(vmax > 0);
+  assert(vmax >= base);
+  const IntType vmax_over_base = vmax / base;
+  const char* start = text.data();
+  const char* end = start + text.size();
+  // loop over digits
+  for (; start < end; ++start) {
+    unsigned char c = static_cast<unsigned char>(start[0]);
+    int digit = c - '0';
+    if (digit >= base || digit < 0) {
+      *value_p = value;
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (value > vmax_over_base) {
+      *value_p = vmax;
+      return false;
+    }
+    value *= base;
+    if (value > vmax - digit) {
+      *value_p = vmax;
+      return false;
+    }
+    value += digit;
+  }
+  *value_p = value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template<typename IntType>
+bool safe_parse_negative_int(
+    const string& text, IntType* value_p) {
+  int base = 10;
+  IntType value = 0;
+  const IntType vmin = std::numeric_limits<IntType>::min();
+  assert(vmin < 0);
+  assert(vmin <= 0 - base);
+  IntType vmin_over_base = vmin / base;
+  // 2003 c++ standard [expr.mul]
+  // "... the sign of the remainder is implementation-defined."
+  // Although (vmin/base)*base + vmin%base is always vmin.
+  // 2011 c++ standard tightens the spec but we cannot rely on it.
+  if (vmin % base > 0) {
+    vmin_over_base += 1;
+  }
+  const char* start = text.data();
+  const char* end = start + text.size();
+  // loop over digits
+  for (; start < end; ++start) {
+    unsigned char c = static_cast<unsigned char>(start[0]);
+    int digit = c - '0';
+    if (digit >= base || digit < 0) {
+      *value_p = value;
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (value < vmin_over_base) {
+      *value_p = vmin;
+      return false;
+    }
+    value *= base;
+    if (value < vmin + digit) {
+      *value_p = vmin;
+      return false;
+    }
+    value -= digit;
+  }
+  *value_p = value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template<typename IntType>
+bool safe_int_internal(string text, IntType* value_p) {
+  *value_p = 0;
+  bool negative;
+  if (!safe_parse_sign(&text, &negative)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!negative) {
+    return safe_parse_positive_int(text, value_p);
+  } else {
+    return safe_parse_negative_int(text, value_p);
+  }
+}
+
+template<typename IntType>
+bool safe_uint_internal(string text, IntType* value_p) {
+  *value_p = 0;
+  bool negative;
+  if (!safe_parse_sign(&text, &negative) || negative) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return safe_parse_positive_int(text, value_p);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FastIntToBuffer()
+// FastInt64ToBuffer()
+// FastHexToBuffer()
+// FastHex64ToBuffer()
+// FastHex32ToBuffer()
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Offset into buffer where FastInt64ToBuffer places the end of string
+// null character.  Also used by FastInt64ToBufferLeft.
+static const int kFastInt64ToBufferOffset = 21;
+
+char *FastInt64ToBuffer(int64 i, char* buffer) {
+  // We could collapse the positive and negative sections, but that
+  // would be slightly slower for positive numbers...
+  // 22 bytes is enough to store -2**64, -18446744073709551616.
+  char* p = buffer + kFastInt64ToBufferOffset;
+  *p-- = '\0';
+  if (i >= 0) {
+    do {
+      *p-- = '0' + i % 10;
+      i /= 10;
+    } while (i > 0);
+    return p + 1;
+  } else {
+    // On different platforms, % and / have different behaviors for
+    // negative numbers, so we need to jump through hoops to make sure
+    // we don't divide negative numbers.
+    if (i > -10) {
+      i = -i;
+      *p-- = '0' + i;
+      *p = '-';
+      return p;
+    } else {
+      // Make sure we aren't at MIN_INT, in which case we can't say i = -i
+      i = i + 10;
+      i = -i;
+      *p-- = '0' + i % 10;
+      // Undo what we did a moment ago
+      i = i / 10 + 1;
+      do {
+        *p-- = '0' + i % 10;
+        i /= 10;
+      } while (i > 0);
+      *p = '-';
+      return p;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Offset into buffer where FastInt32ToBuffer places the end of string
+// null character.  Also used by FastInt32ToBufferLeft
+static const int kFastInt32ToBufferOffset = 11;
+
+// Yes, this is a duplicate of FastInt64ToBuffer.  But, we need this for the
+// compiler to generate 32 bit arithmetic instructions.  It's much faster, at
+// least with 32 bit binaries.
+char *FastInt32ToBuffer(int32 i, char* buffer) {
+  // We could collapse the positive and negative sections, but that
+  // would be slightly slower for positive numbers...
+  // 12 bytes is enough to store -2**32, -4294967296.
+  char* p = buffer + kFastInt32ToBufferOffset;
+  *p-- = '\0';
+  if (i >= 0) {
+    do {
+      *p-- = '0' + i % 10;
+      i /= 10;
+    } while (i > 0);
+    return p + 1;
+  } else {
+    // On different platforms, % and / have different behaviors for
+    // negative numbers, so we need to jump through hoops to make sure
+    // we don't divide negative numbers.
+    if (i > -10) {
+      i = -i;
+      *p-- = '0' + i;
+      *p = '-';
+      return p;
+    } else {
+      // Make sure we aren't at MIN_INT, in which case we can't say i = -i
+      i = i + 10;
+      i = -i;
+      *p-- = '0' + i % 10;
+      // Undo what we did a moment ago
+      i = i / 10 + 1;
+      do {
+        *p-- = '0' + i % 10;
+        i /= 10;
+      } while (i > 0);
+      *p = '-';
+      return p;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+char *FastHexToBuffer(int i, char* buffer) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(i >= 0) << "FastHexToBuffer() wants non-negative integers, not " << i;
+
+  static const char *hexdigits = "0123456789abcdef";
+  char *p = buffer + 21;
+  *p-- = '\0';
+  do {
+    *p-- = hexdigits[i & 15];   // mod by 16
+    i >>= 4;                    // divide by 16
+  } while (i > 0);
+  return p + 1;
+}
+
+char *InternalFastHexToBuffer(uint64 value, char* buffer, int num_byte) {
+  static const char *hexdigits = "0123456789abcdef";
+  buffer[num_byte] = '\0';
+  for (int i = num_byte - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+#ifdef _M_X64
+    // MSVC x64 platform has a bug optimizing the uint32(value) in the #else
+    // block. Given that the uint32 cast was to improve performance on 32-bit
+    // platforms, we use 64-bit '&' directly.
+    buffer[i] = hexdigits[value & 0xf];
+#else
+    buffer[i] = hexdigits[uint32(value) & 0xf];
+#endif
+    value >>= 4;
+  }
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+char *FastHex64ToBuffer(uint64 value, char* buffer) {
+  return InternalFastHexToBuffer(value, buffer, 16);
+}
+
+char *FastHex32ToBuffer(uint32 value, char* buffer) {
+  return InternalFastHexToBuffer(value, buffer, 8);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FastInt32ToBufferLeft()
+// FastUInt32ToBufferLeft()
+// FastInt64ToBufferLeft()
+// FastUInt64ToBufferLeft()
+//
+// Like the Fast*ToBuffer() functions above, these are intended for speed.
+// Unlike the Fast*ToBuffer() functions, however, these functions write
+// their output to the beginning of the buffer (hence the name, as the
+// output is left-aligned).  The caller is responsible for ensuring that
+// the buffer has enough space to hold the output.
+//
+// Returns a pointer to the end of the string (i.e. the null character
+// terminating the string).
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static const char two_ASCII_digits[100][2] = {
+  {'0','0'}, {'0','1'}, {'0','2'}, {'0','3'}, {'0','4'},
+  {'0','5'}, {'0','6'}, {'0','7'}, {'0','8'}, {'0','9'},
+  {'1','0'}, {'1','1'}, {'1','2'}, {'1','3'}, {'1','4'},
+  {'1','5'}, {'1','6'}, {'1','7'}, {'1','8'}, {'1','9'},
+  {'2','0'}, {'2','1'}, {'2','2'}, {'2','3'}, {'2','4'},
+  {'2','5'}, {'2','6'}, {'2','7'}, {'2','8'}, {'2','9'},
+  {'3','0'}, {'3','1'}, {'3','2'}, {'3','3'}, {'3','4'},
+  {'3','5'}, {'3','6'}, {'3','7'}, {'3','8'}, {'3','9'},
+  {'4','0'}, {'4','1'}, {'4','2'}, {'4','3'}, {'4','4'},
+  {'4','5'}, {'4','6'}, {'4','7'}, {'4','8'}, {'4','9'},
+  {'5','0'}, {'5','1'}, {'5','2'}, {'5','3'}, {'5','4'},
+  {'5','5'}, {'5','6'}, {'5','7'}, {'5','8'}, {'5','9'},
+  {'6','0'}, {'6','1'}, {'6','2'}, {'6','3'}, {'6','4'},
+  {'6','5'}, {'6','6'}, {'6','7'}, {'6','8'}, {'6','9'},
+  {'7','0'}, {'7','1'}, {'7','2'}, {'7','3'}, {'7','4'},
+  {'7','5'}, {'7','6'}, {'7','7'}, {'7','8'}, {'7','9'},
+  {'8','0'}, {'8','1'}, {'8','2'}, {'8','3'}, {'8','4'},
+  {'8','5'}, {'8','6'}, {'8','7'}, {'8','8'}, {'8','9'},
+  {'9','0'}, {'9','1'}, {'9','2'}, {'9','3'}, {'9','4'},
+  {'9','5'}, {'9','6'}, {'9','7'}, {'9','8'}, {'9','9'}
+};
+
+char* FastUInt32ToBufferLeft(uint32 u, char* buffer) {
+  uint32 digits;
+  const char *ASCII_digits = nullptr;
+  // The idea of this implementation is to trim the number of divides to as few
+  // as possible by using multiplication and subtraction rather than mod (%),
+  // and by outputting two digits at a time rather than one.
+  // The huge-number case is first, in the hopes that the compiler will output
+  // that case in one branch-free block of code, and only output conditional
+  // branches into it from below.
+  if (u >= 1000000000) {  // >= 1,000,000,000
+    digits = u / 100000000;  // 100,000,000
+    ASCII_digits = two_ASCII_digits[digits];
+    buffer[0] = ASCII_digits[0];
+    buffer[1] = ASCII_digits[1];
+    buffer += 2;
+sublt100_000_000:
+    u -= digits * 100000000;  // 100,000,000
+lt100_000_000:
+    digits = u / 1000000;  // 1,000,000
+    ASCII_digits = two_ASCII_digits[digits];
+    buffer[0] = ASCII_digits[0];
+    buffer[1] = ASCII_digits[1];
+    buffer += 2;
+sublt1_000_000:
+    u -= digits * 1000000;  // 1,000,000
+lt1_000_000:
+    digits = u / 10000;  // 10,000
+    ASCII_digits = two_ASCII_digits[digits];
+    buffer[0] = ASCII_digits[0];
+    buffer[1] = ASCII_digits[1];
+    buffer += 2;
+sublt10_000:
+    u -= digits * 10000;  // 10,000
+lt10_000:
+    digits = u / 100;
+    ASCII_digits = two_ASCII_digits[digits];
+    buffer[0] = ASCII_digits[0];
+    buffer[1] = ASCII_digits[1];
+    buffer += 2;
+sublt100:
+    u -= digits * 100;
+lt100:
+    digits = u;
+    ASCII_digits = two_ASCII_digits[digits];
+    buffer[0] = ASCII_digits[0];
+    buffer[1] = ASCII_digits[1];
+    buffer += 2;
+done:
+    *buffer = 0;
+    return buffer;
+  }
+
+  if (u < 100) {
+    digits = u;
+    if (u >= 10) goto lt100;
+    *buffer++ = '0' + digits;
+    goto done;
+  }
+  if (u  <  10000) {   // 10,000
+    if (u >= 1000) goto lt10_000;
+    digits = u / 100;
+    *buffer++ = '0' + digits;
+    goto sublt100;
+  }
+  if (u  <  1000000) {   // 1,000,000
+    if (u >= 100000) goto lt1_000_000;
+    digits = u / 10000;  //    10,000
+    *buffer++ = '0' + digits;
+    goto sublt10_000;
+  }
+  if (u  <  100000000) {   // 100,000,000
+    if (u >= 10000000) goto lt100_000_000;
+    digits = u / 1000000;  //   1,000,000
+    *buffer++ = '0' + digits;
+    goto sublt1_000_000;
+  }
+  // we already know that u < 1,000,000,000
+  digits = u / 100000000;   // 100,000,000
+  *buffer++ = '0' + digits;
+  goto sublt100_000_000;
+}
+
+char* FastInt32ToBufferLeft(int32 i, char* buffer) {
+  uint32 u = 0;
+  if (i < 0) {
+    *buffer++ = '-';
+    u -= i;
+  } else {
+    u = i;
+  }
+  return FastUInt32ToBufferLeft(u, buffer);
+}
+
+char* FastUInt64ToBufferLeft(uint64 u64, char* buffer) {
+  int digits;
+  const char *ASCII_digits = nullptr;
+
+  uint32 u = static_cast<uint32>(u64);
+  if (u == u64) return FastUInt32ToBufferLeft(u, buffer);
+
+  uint64 top_11_digits = u64 / 1000000000;
+  buffer = FastUInt64ToBufferLeft(top_11_digits, buffer);
+  u = u64 - (top_11_digits * 1000000000);
+
+  digits = u / 10000000;  // 10,000,000
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(digits, 100);
+  ASCII_digits = two_ASCII_digits[digits];
+  buffer[0] = ASCII_digits[0];
+  buffer[1] = ASCII_digits[1];
+  buffer += 2;
+  u -= digits * 10000000;  // 10,000,000
+  digits = u / 100000;  // 100,000
+  ASCII_digits = two_ASCII_digits[digits];
+  buffer[0] = ASCII_digits[0];
+  buffer[1] = ASCII_digits[1];
+  buffer += 2;
+  u -= digits * 100000;  // 100,000
+  digits = u / 1000;  // 1,000
+  ASCII_digits = two_ASCII_digits[digits];
+  buffer[0] = ASCII_digits[0];
+  buffer[1] = ASCII_digits[1];
+  buffer += 2;
+  u -= digits * 1000;  // 1,000
+  digits = u / 10;
+  ASCII_digits = two_ASCII_digits[digits];
+  buffer[0] = ASCII_digits[0];
+  buffer[1] = ASCII_digits[1];
+  buffer += 2;
+  u -= digits * 10;
+  digits = u;
+  *buffer++ = '0' + digits;
+  *buffer = 0;
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+char* FastInt64ToBufferLeft(int64 i, char* buffer) {
+  uint64 u = 0;
+  if (i < 0) {
+    *buffer++ = '-';
+    u -= i;
+  } else {
+    u = i;
+  }
+  return FastUInt64ToBufferLeft(u, buffer);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SimpleItoa()
+//    Description: converts an integer to a string.
+//
+//    Return value: string
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+string SimpleItoa(int i) {
+  char buffer[kFastToBufferSize];
+  return (sizeof(i) == 4) ?
+    FastInt32ToBuffer(i, buffer) :
+    FastInt64ToBuffer(i, buffer);
+}
+
+string SimpleItoa(unsigned int i) {
+  char buffer[kFastToBufferSize];
+  return string(buffer, (sizeof(i) == 4) ?
+    FastUInt32ToBufferLeft(i, buffer) :
+    FastUInt64ToBufferLeft(i, buffer));
+}
+
+string SimpleItoa(long i) {
+  char buffer[kFastToBufferSize];
+  return (sizeof(i) == 4) ?
+    FastInt32ToBuffer(i, buffer) :
+    FastInt64ToBuffer(i, buffer);
+}
+
+string SimpleItoa(unsigned long i) {
+  char buffer[kFastToBufferSize];
+  return string(buffer, (sizeof(i) == 4) ?
+    FastUInt32ToBufferLeft(i, buffer) :
+    FastUInt64ToBufferLeft(i, buffer));
+}
+
+string SimpleItoa(long long i) {
+  char buffer[kFastToBufferSize];
+  return (sizeof(i) == 4) ?
+    FastInt32ToBuffer(i, buffer) :
+    FastInt64ToBuffer(i, buffer);
+}
+
+string SimpleItoa(unsigned long long i) {
+  char buffer[kFastToBufferSize];
+  return string(buffer, (sizeof(i) == 4) ?
+    FastUInt32ToBufferLeft(i, buffer) :
+    FastUInt64ToBufferLeft(i, buffer));
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SimpleDtoa()
+// SimpleFtoa()
+// DoubleToBuffer()
+// FloatToBuffer()
+//    We want to print the value without losing precision, but we also do
+//    not want to print more digits than necessary.  This turns out to be
+//    trickier than it sounds.  Numbers like 0.2 cannot be represented
+//    exactly in binary.  If we print 0.2 with a very large precision,
+//    e.g. "%.50g", we get "0.2000000000000000111022302462515654042363167".
+//    On the other hand, if we set the precision too low, we lose
+//    significant digits when printing numbers that actually need them.
+//    It turns out there is no precision value that does the right thing
+//    for all numbers.
+//
+//    Our strategy is to first try printing with a precision that is never
+//    over-precise, then parse the result with strtod() to see if it
+//    matches.  If not, we print again with a precision that will always
+//    give a precise result, but may use more digits than necessary.
+//
+//    An arguably better strategy would be to use the algorithm described
+//    in "How to Print Floating-Point Numbers Accurately" by Steele &
+//    White, e.g. as implemented by David M. Gay's dtoa().  It turns out,
+//    however, that the following implementation is about as fast as
+//    DMG's code.  Furthermore, DMG's code locks mutexes, which means it
+//    will not scale well on multi-core machines.  DMG's code is slightly
+//    more accurate (in that it will never use more digits than
+//    necessary), but this is probably irrelevant for most users.
+//
+//    Rob Pike and Ken Thompson also have an implementation of dtoa() in
+//    third_party/fmt/fltfmt.cc.  Their implementation is similar to this
+//    one in that it makes guesses and then uses strtod() to check them.
+//    Their implementation is faster because they use their own code to
+//    generate the digits in the first place rather than use snprintf(),
+//    thus avoiding format string parsing overhead.  However, this makes
+//    it considerably more complicated than the following implementation,
+//    and it is embedded in a larger library.  If speed turns out to be
+//    an issue, we could re-implement this in terms of their
+//    implementation.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+string SimpleDtoa(double value) {
+  char buffer[kDoubleToBufferSize];
+  return DoubleToBuffer(value, buffer);
+}
+
+string SimpleFtoa(float value) {
+  char buffer[kFloatToBufferSize];
+  return FloatToBuffer(value, buffer);
+}
+
+static inline bool IsValidFloatChar(char c) {
+  return ('0' <= c && c <= '9') ||
+         c == 'e' || c == 'E' ||
+         c == '+' || c == '-';
+}
+
+void DelocalizeRadix(char* buffer) {
+  // Fast check:  if the buffer has a normal decimal point, assume no
+  // translation is needed.
+  if (strchr(buffer, '.') != nullptr) return;
+
+  // Find the first unknown character.
+  while (IsValidFloatChar(*buffer)) ++buffer;
+
+  if (*buffer == '\0') {
+    // No radix character found.
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // We are now pointing at the locale-specific radix character.  Replace it
+  // with '.'.
+  *buffer = '.';
+  ++buffer;
+
+  if (!IsValidFloatChar(*buffer) && *buffer != '\0') {
+    // It appears the radix was a multi-byte character.  We need to remove the
+    // extra bytes.
+    char* target = buffer;
+    do { ++buffer; } while (!IsValidFloatChar(*buffer) && *buffer != '\0');
+    memmove(target, buffer, strlen(buffer) + 1);
+  }
+}
+
+char* DoubleToBuffer(double value, char* buffer) {
+  // DBL_DIG is 15 for IEEE-754 doubles, which are used on almost all
+  // platforms these days.  Just in case some system exists where DBL_DIG
+  // is significantly larger -- and risks overflowing our buffer -- we have
+  // this assert.
+  GOOGLE_COMPILE_ASSERT(DBL_DIG < 20, DBL_DIG_is_too_big);
+
+  if (value == std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+    strcpy(buffer, "inf");
+    return buffer;
+  } else if (value == -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+    strcpy(buffer, "-inf");
+    return buffer;
+  } else if (std::isnan(value)) {
+    strcpy(buffer, "nan");
+    return buffer;
+  }
+
+  int snprintf_result =
+    snprintf(buffer, kDoubleToBufferSize, "%.*g", DBL_DIG, value);
+
+  // The snprintf should never overflow because the buffer is significantly
+  // larger than the precision we asked for.
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(snprintf_result > 0 && snprintf_result < kDoubleToBufferSize);
+
+  // We need to make parsed_value volatile in order to force the compiler to
+  // write it out to the stack.  Otherwise, it may keep the value in a
+  // register, and if it does that, it may keep it as a long double instead
+  // of a double.  This long double may have extra bits that make it compare
+  // unequal to "value" even though it would be exactly equal if it were
+  // truncated to a double.
+  volatile double parsed_value = internal::NoLocaleStrtod(buffer, nullptr);
+  if (parsed_value != value) {
+    int snprintf_result =
+      snprintf(buffer, kDoubleToBufferSize, "%.*g", DBL_DIG+2, value);
+
+    // Should never overflow; see above.
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(snprintf_result > 0 && snprintf_result < kDoubleToBufferSize);
+  }
+
+  DelocalizeRadix(buffer);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+static int memcasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t len) {
+  const unsigned char *us1 = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(s1);
+  const unsigned char *us2 = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(s2);
+
+  for ( int i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
+    const int diff =
+      static_cast<int>(static_cast<unsigned char>(ascii_tolower(us1[i]))) -
+      static_cast<int>(static_cast<unsigned char>(ascii_tolower(us2[i])));
+    if (diff != 0) return diff;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+inline bool CaseEqual(StringPiece s1, StringPiece s2) {
+  if (s1.size() != s2.size()) return false;
+  return memcasecmp(s1.data(), s2.data(), s1.size()) == 0;
+}
+
+bool safe_strtob(StringPiece str, bool* value) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(value != nullptr) << "nullptr output boolean given.";
+  if (CaseEqual(str, "true") || CaseEqual(str, "t") ||
+      CaseEqual(str, "yes") || CaseEqual(str, "y") ||
+      CaseEqual(str, "1")) {
+    *value = true;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (CaseEqual(str, "false") || CaseEqual(str, "f") ||
+      CaseEqual(str, "no") || CaseEqual(str, "n") ||
+      CaseEqual(str, "0")) {
+    *value = false;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool safe_strtof(const char* str, float* value) {
+  char* endptr;
+  errno = 0;  // errno only gets set on errors
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined (__hpux)  // has no strtof()
+  *value = internal::NoLocaleStrtod(str, &endptr);
+#else
+  *value = strtof(str, &endptr);
+#endif
+  return *str != 0 && *endptr == 0 && errno == 0;
+}
+
+bool safe_strtod(const char* str, double* value) {
+  char* endptr;
+  *value = internal::NoLocaleStrtod(str, &endptr);
+  if (endptr != str) {
+    while (ascii_isspace(*endptr)) ++endptr;
+  }
+  // Ignore range errors from strtod.  The values it
+  // returns on underflow and overflow are the right
+  // fallback in a robust setting.
+  return *str != '\0' && *endptr == '\0';
+}
+
+bool safe_strto32(const string& str, int32* value) {
+  return safe_int_internal(str, value);
+}
+
+bool safe_strtou32(const string& str, uint32* value) {
+  return safe_uint_internal(str, value);
+}
+
+bool safe_strto64(const string& str, int64* value) {
+  return safe_int_internal(str, value);
+}
+
+bool safe_strtou64(const string& str, uint64* value) {
+  return safe_uint_internal(str, value);
+}
+
+char* FloatToBuffer(float value, char* buffer) {
+  // FLT_DIG is 6 for IEEE-754 floats, which are used on almost all
+  // platforms these days.  Just in case some system exists where FLT_DIG
+  // is significantly larger -- and risks overflowing our buffer -- we have
+  // this assert.
+  GOOGLE_COMPILE_ASSERT(FLT_DIG < 10, FLT_DIG_is_too_big);
+
+  if (value == std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+    strcpy(buffer, "inf");
+    return buffer;
+  } else if (value == -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+    strcpy(buffer, "-inf");
+    return buffer;
+  } else if (std::isnan(value)) {
+    strcpy(buffer, "nan");
+    return buffer;
+  }
+
+  int snprintf_result =
+    snprintf(buffer, kFloatToBufferSize, "%.*g", FLT_DIG, value);
+
+  // The snprintf should never overflow because the buffer is significantly
+  // larger than the precision we asked for.
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(snprintf_result > 0 && snprintf_result < kFloatToBufferSize);
+
+  float parsed_value;
+  if (!safe_strtof(buffer, &parsed_value) || parsed_value != value) {
+    int snprintf_result =
+      snprintf(buffer, kFloatToBufferSize, "%.*g", FLT_DIG+3, value);
+
+    // Should never overflow; see above.
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(snprintf_result > 0 && snprintf_result < kFloatToBufferSize);
+  }
+
+  DelocalizeRadix(buffer);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+namespace strings {
+
+AlphaNum::AlphaNum(strings::Hex hex) {
+  char *const end = &digits[kFastToBufferSize];
+  char *writer = end;
+  uint64 value = hex.value;
+  uint64 width = hex.spec;
+  // We accomplish minimum width by OR'ing in 0x10000 to the user's value,
+  // where 0x10000 is the smallest hex number that is as wide as the user
+  // asked for.
+  uint64 mask = ((static_cast<uint64>(1) << (width - 1) * 4)) | value;
+  static const char hexdigits[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+  do {
+    *--writer = hexdigits[value & 0xF];
+    value >>= 4;
+    mask >>= 4;
+  } while (mask != 0);
+  piece_data_ = writer;
+  piece_size_ = end - writer;
+}
+
+}  // namespace strings
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// StrCat()
+//    This merges the given strings or integers, with no delimiter.  This
+//    is designed to be the fastest possible way to construct a string out
+//    of a mix of raw C strings, C++ strings, and integer values.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Append is merely a version of memcpy that returns the address of the byte
+// after the area just overwritten.  It comes in multiple flavors to minimize
+// call overhead.
+static char *Append1(char *out, const AlphaNum &x) {
+  memcpy(out, x.data(), x.size());
+  return out + x.size();
+}
+
+static char *Append2(char *out, const AlphaNum &x1, const AlphaNum &x2) {
+  memcpy(out, x1.data(), x1.size());
+  out += x1.size();
+
+  memcpy(out, x2.data(), x2.size());
+  return out + x2.size();
+}
+
+static char *Append4(char *out,
+                     const AlphaNum &x1, const AlphaNum &x2,
+                     const AlphaNum &x3, const AlphaNum &x4) {
+  memcpy(out, x1.data(), x1.size());
+  out += x1.size();
+
+  memcpy(out, x2.data(), x2.size());
+  out += x2.size();
+
+  memcpy(out, x3.data(), x3.size());
+  out += x3.size();
+
+  memcpy(out, x4.data(), x4.size());
+  return out + x4.size();
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append2(begin, a, b);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size() + c.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append2(begin, a, b);
+  out = Append1(out, c);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c,
+              const AlphaNum &d) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append4(begin, a, b, c, d);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c,
+              const AlphaNum &d, const AlphaNum &e) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size() + e.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append4(begin, a, b, c, d);
+  out = Append1(out, e);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c,
+              const AlphaNum &d, const AlphaNum &e, const AlphaNum &f) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size() + e.size() +
+                f.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append4(begin, a, b, c, d);
+  out = Append2(out, e, f);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c,
+              const AlphaNum &d, const AlphaNum &e, const AlphaNum &f,
+              const AlphaNum &g) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size() + e.size() +
+                f.size() + g.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append4(begin, a, b, c, d);
+  out = Append2(out, e, f);
+  out = Append1(out, g);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c,
+              const AlphaNum &d, const AlphaNum &e, const AlphaNum &f,
+              const AlphaNum &g, const AlphaNum &h) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size() + e.size() +
+                f.size() + g.size() + h.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append4(begin, a, b, c, d);
+  out = Append4(out, e, f, g, h);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c,
+              const AlphaNum &d, const AlphaNum &e, const AlphaNum &f,
+              const AlphaNum &g, const AlphaNum &h, const AlphaNum &i) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size() + e.size() +
+                f.size() + g.size() + h.size() + i.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append4(begin, a, b, c, d);
+  out = Append4(out, e, f, g, h);
+  out = Append1(out, i);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+// It's possible to call StrAppend with a char * pointer that is partway into
+// the string we're appending to.  However the results of this are random.
+// Therefore, check for this in debug mode.  Use unsigned math so we only have
+// to do one comparison.
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(dest, src) \
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(uintptr_t((src).data() - (dest).data()), \
+                     uintptr_t((dest).size()))
+
+void StrAppend(string *result, const AlphaNum &a) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, a);
+  result->append(a.data(), a.size());
+}
+
+void StrAppend(string *result, const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, a);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, b);
+  string::size_type old_size = result->size();
+  result->resize(old_size + a.size() + b.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result->begin();
+  char *out = Append2(begin + old_size, a, b);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result->size());
+}
+
+void StrAppend(string *result,
+               const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, a);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, b);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, c);
+  string::size_type old_size = result->size();
+  result->resize(old_size + a.size() + b.size() + c.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result->begin();
+  char *out = Append2(begin + old_size, a, b);
+  out = Append1(out, c);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result->size());
+}
+
+void StrAppend(string *result,
+               const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b,
+               const AlphaNum &c, const AlphaNum &d) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, a);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, b);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, c);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, d);
+  string::size_type old_size = result->size();
+  result->resize(old_size + a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result->begin();
+  char *out = Append4(begin + old_size, a, b, c, d);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result->size());
+}
+
+int GlobalReplaceSubstring(const string& substring,
+                           const string& replacement,
+                           string* s) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(s != nullptr);
+  if (s->empty() || substring.empty())
+    return 0;
+  string tmp;
+  int num_replacements = 0;
+  int pos = 0;
+  for (int match_pos = s->find(substring.data(), pos, substring.length());
+       match_pos != string::npos;
+       pos = match_pos + substring.length(),
+           match_pos = s->find(substring.data(), pos, substring.length())) {
+    ++num_replacements;
+    // Append the original content before the match.
+    tmp.append(*s, pos, match_pos - pos);
+    // Append the replacement for the match.
+    tmp.append(replacement.begin(), replacement.end());
+  }
+  // Append the content after the last match. If no replacements were made, the
+  // original string is left untouched.
+  if (num_replacements > 0) {
+    tmp.append(*s, pos, s->length() - pos);
+    s->swap(tmp);
+  }
+  return num_replacements;
+}
+
+int CalculateBase64EscapedLen(int input_len, bool do_padding) {
+  // Base64 encodes three bytes of input at a time. If the input is not
+  // divisible by three, we pad as appropriate.
+  //
+  // (from http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548)
+  // Special processing is performed if fewer than 24 bits are available
+  // at the end of the data being encoded.  A full encoding quantum is
+  // always completed at the end of a quantity.  When fewer than 24 input
+  // bits are available in an input group, zero bits are added (on the
+  // right) to form an integral number of 6-bit groups.  Padding at the
+  // end of the data is performed using the '=' character.  Since all base
+  // 64 input is an integral number of octets, only the following cases
+  // can arise:
+
+
+  // Base64 encodes each three bytes of input into four bytes of output.
+  int len = (input_len / 3) * 4;
+
+  if (input_len % 3 == 0) {
+    // (from http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548)
+    // (1) the final quantum of encoding input is an integral multiple of 24
+    // bits; here, the final unit of encoded output will be an integral
+    // multiple of 4 characters with no "=" padding,
+  } else if (input_len % 3 == 1) {
+    // (from http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548)
+    // (2) the final quantum of encoding input is exactly 8 bits; here, the
+    // final unit of encoded output will be two characters followed by two
+    // "=" padding characters, or
+    len += 2;
+    if (do_padding) {
+      len += 2;
+    }
+  } else {  // (input_len % 3 == 2)
+    // (from http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548)
+    // (3) the final quantum of encoding input is exactly 16 bits; here, the
+    // final unit of encoded output will be three characters followed by one
+    // "=" padding character.
+    len += 3;
+    if (do_padding) {
+      len += 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  assert(len >= input_len);  // make sure we didn't overflow
+  return len;
+}
+
+// Base64Escape does padding, so this calculation includes padding.
+int CalculateBase64EscapedLen(int input_len) {
+  return CalculateBase64EscapedLen(input_len, true);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// int Base64Unescape() - base64 decoder
+// int Base64Escape() - base64 encoder
+// int WebSafeBase64Unescape() - Google's variation of base64 decoder
+// int WebSafeBase64Escape() - Google's variation of base64 encoder
+//
+// Check out
+// http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045 for formal description, but what we
+// care about is that...
+//   Take the encoded stuff in groups of 4 characters and turn each
+//   character into a code 0 to 63 thus:
+//           A-Z map to 0 to 25
+//           a-z map to 26 to 51
+//           0-9 map to 52 to 61
+//           +(- for WebSafe) maps to 62
+//           /(_ for WebSafe) maps to 63
+//   There will be four numbers, all less than 64 which can be represented
+//   by a 6 digit binary number (aaaaaa, bbbbbb, cccccc, dddddd respectively).
+//   Arrange the 6 digit binary numbers into three bytes as such:
+//   aaaaaabb bbbbcccc ccdddddd
+//   Equals signs (one or two) are used at the end of the encoded block to
+//   indicate that the text was not an integer multiple of three bytes long.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+int Base64UnescapeInternal(const char *src_param, int szsrc,
+                           char *dest, int szdest,
+                           const signed char* unbase64) {
+  static const char kPad64Equals = '=';
+  static const char kPad64Dot = '.';
+
+  int decode = 0;
+  int destidx = 0;
+  int state = 0;
+  unsigned int ch = 0;
+  unsigned int temp = 0;
+
+  // If "char" is signed by default, using *src as an array index results in
+  // accessing negative array elements. Treat the input as a pointer to
+  // unsigned char to avoid this.
+  const unsigned char *src = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(src_param);
+
+  // The GET_INPUT macro gets the next input character, skipping
+  // over any whitespace, and stopping when we reach the end of the
+  // string or when we read any non-data character.  The arguments are
+  // an arbitrary identifier (used as a label for goto) and the number
+  // of data bytes that must remain in the input to avoid aborting the
+  // loop.
+#define GET_INPUT(label, remain)                 \
+  label:                                         \
+    --szsrc;                                     \
+    ch = *src++;                                 \
+    decode = unbase64[ch];                       \
+    if (decode < 0) {                            \
+      if (ascii_isspace(ch) && szsrc >= remain)  \
+        goto label;                              \
+      state = 4 - remain;                        \
+      break;                                     \
+    }
+
+  // if dest is null, we're just checking to see if it's legal input
+  // rather than producing output.  (I suspect this could just be done
+  // with a regexp...).  We duplicate the loop so this test can be
+  // outside it instead of in every iteration.
+
+  if (dest) {
+    // This loop consumes 4 input bytes and produces 3 output bytes
+    // per iteration.  We can't know at the start that there is enough
+    // data left in the string for a full iteration, so the loop may
+    // break out in the middle; if so 'state' will be set to the
+    // number of input bytes read.
+
+    while (szsrc >= 4)  {
+      // We'll start by optimistically assuming that the next four
+      // bytes of the string (src[0..3]) are four good data bytes
+      // (that is, no nulls, whitespace, padding chars, or illegal
+      // chars).  We need to test src[0..2] for nulls individually
+      // before constructing temp to preserve the property that we
+      // never read past a null in the string (no matter how long
+      // szsrc claims the string is).
+
+      if (!src[0] || !src[1] || !src[2] ||
+          (temp = ((unsigned(unbase64[src[0]]) << 18) |
+                   (unsigned(unbase64[src[1]]) << 12) |
+                   (unsigned(unbase64[src[2]]) << 6) |
+                   (unsigned(unbase64[src[3]])))) & 0x80000000) {
+        // Iff any of those four characters was bad (null, illegal,
+        // whitespace, padding), then temp's high bit will be set
+        // (because unbase64[] is -1 for all bad characters).
+        //
+        // We'll back up and resort to the slower decoder, which knows
+        // how to handle those cases.
+
+        GET_INPUT(first, 4);
+        temp = decode;
+        GET_INPUT(second, 3);
+        temp = (temp << 6) | decode;
+        GET_INPUT(third, 2);
+        temp = (temp << 6) | decode;
+        GET_INPUT(fourth, 1);
+        temp = (temp << 6) | decode;
+      } else {
+        // We really did have four good data bytes, so advance four
+        // characters in the string.
+
+        szsrc -= 4;
+        src += 4;
+        decode = -1;
+        ch = '\0';
+      }
+
+      // temp has 24 bits of input, so write that out as three bytes.
+
+      if (destidx+3 > szdest) return -1;
+      dest[destidx+2] = temp;
+      temp >>= 8;
+      dest[destidx+1] = temp;
+      temp >>= 8;
+      dest[destidx] = temp;
+      destidx += 3;
+    }
+  } else {
+    while (szsrc >= 4)  {
+      if (!src[0] || !src[1] || !src[2] ||
+          (temp = ((unsigned(unbase64[src[0]]) << 18) |
+                   (unsigned(unbase64[src[1]]) << 12) |
+                   (unsigned(unbase64[src[2]]) << 6) |
+                   (unsigned(unbase64[src[3]])))) & 0x80000000) {
+        GET_INPUT(first_no_dest, 4);
+        GET_INPUT(second_no_dest, 3);
+        GET_INPUT(third_no_dest, 2);
+        GET_INPUT(fourth_no_dest, 1);
+      } else {
+        szsrc -= 4;
+        src += 4;
+        decode = -1;
+        ch = '\0';
+      }
+      destidx += 3;
+    }
+  }
+
+#undef GET_INPUT
+
+  // if the loop terminated because we read a bad character, return
+  // now.
+  if (decode < 0 && ch != '\0' &&
+      ch != kPad64Equals && ch != kPad64Dot && !ascii_isspace(ch))
+    return -1;
+
+  if (ch == kPad64Equals || ch == kPad64Dot) {
+    // if we stopped by hitting an '=' or '.', un-read that character -- we'll
+    // look at it again when we count to check for the proper number of
+    // equals signs at the end.
+    ++szsrc;
+    --src;
+  } else {
+    // This loop consumes 1 input byte per iteration.  It's used to
+    // clean up the 0-3 input bytes remaining when the first, faster
+    // loop finishes.  'temp' contains the data from 'state' input
+    // characters read by the first loop.
+    while (szsrc > 0)  {
+      --szsrc;
+      ch = *src++;
+      decode = unbase64[ch];
+      if (decode < 0) {
+        if (ascii_isspace(ch)) {
+          continue;
+        } else if (ch == '\0') {
+          break;
+        } else if (ch == kPad64Equals || ch == kPad64Dot) {
+          // back up one character; we'll read it again when we check
+          // for the correct number of pad characters at the end.
+          ++szsrc;
+          --src;
+          break;
+        } else {
+          return -1;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Each input character gives us six bits of output.
+      temp = (temp << 6) | decode;
+      ++state;
+      if (state == 4) {
+        // If we've accumulated 24 bits of output, write that out as
+        // three bytes.
+        if (dest) {
+          if (destidx+3 > szdest) return -1;
+          dest[destidx+2] = temp;
+          temp >>= 8;
+          dest[destidx+1] = temp;
+          temp >>= 8;
+          dest[destidx] = temp;
+        }
+        destidx += 3;
+        state = 0;
+        temp = 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Process the leftover data contained in 'temp' at the end of the input.
+  int expected_equals = 0;
+  switch (state) {
+    case 0:
+      // Nothing left over; output is a multiple of 3 bytes.
+      break;
+
+    case 1:
+      // Bad input; we have 6 bits left over.
+      return -1;
+
+    case 2:
+      // Produce one more output byte from the 12 input bits we have left.
+      if (dest) {
+        if (destidx+1 > szdest) return -1;
+        temp >>= 4;
+        dest[destidx] = temp;
+      }
+      ++destidx;
+      expected_equals = 2;
+      break;
+
+    case 3:
+      // Produce two more output bytes from the 18 input bits we have left.
+      if (dest) {
+        if (destidx+2 > szdest) return -1;
+        temp >>= 2;
+        dest[destidx+1] = temp;
+        temp >>= 8;
+        dest[destidx] = temp;
+      }
+      destidx += 2;
+      expected_equals = 1;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      // state should have no other values at this point.
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "This can't happen; base64 decoder state = " << state;
+  }
+
+  // The remainder of the string should be all whitespace, mixed with
+  // exactly 0 equals signs, or exactly 'expected_equals' equals
+  // signs.  (Always accepting 0 equals signs is a google extension
+  // not covered in the RFC, as is accepting dot as the pad character.)
+
+  int equals = 0;
+  while (szsrc > 0 && *src) {
+    if (*src == kPad64Equals || *src == kPad64Dot)
+      ++equals;
+    else if (!ascii_isspace(*src))
+      return -1;
+    --szsrc;
+    ++src;
+  }
+
+  return (equals == 0 || equals == expected_equals) ? destidx : -1;
+}
+
+// The arrays below were generated by the following code
+// #include <sys/time.h>
+// #include <stdlib.h>
+// #include <string.h>
+// #include <stdio.h>
+// main()
+// {
+//   static const char Base64[] =
+//     "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+//   const char *pos;
+//   int idx, i, j;
+//   printf("    ");
+//   for (i = 0; i < 255; i += 8) {
+//     for (j = i; j < i + 8; j++) {
+//       pos = strchr(Base64, j);
+//       if ((pos == nullptr) || (j == 0))
+//         idx = -1;
+//       else
+//         idx = pos - Base64;
+//       if (idx == -1)
+//         printf(" %2d,     ", idx);
+//       else
+//         printf(" %2d/""*%c*""/,", idx, j);
+//     }
+//     printf("\n    ");
+//   }
+// }
+//
+// where the value of "Base64[]" was replaced by one of the base-64 conversion
+// tables from the functions below.
+static const signed char kUnBase64[] = {
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      62/*+*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      63/*/ */,
+  52/*0*/, 53/*1*/, 54/*2*/, 55/*3*/, 56/*4*/, 57/*5*/, 58/*6*/, 59/*7*/,
+  60/*8*/, 61/*9*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,       0/*A*/,  1/*B*/,  2/*C*/,  3/*D*/,  4/*E*/,  5/*F*/,  6/*G*/,
+   7/*H*/,  8/*I*/,  9/*J*/, 10/*K*/, 11/*L*/, 12/*M*/, 13/*N*/, 14/*O*/,
+  15/*P*/, 16/*Q*/, 17/*R*/, 18/*S*/, 19/*T*/, 20/*U*/, 21/*V*/, 22/*W*/,
+  23/*X*/, 24/*Y*/, 25/*Z*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      26/*a*/, 27/*b*/, 28/*c*/, 29/*d*/, 30/*e*/, 31/*f*/, 32/*g*/,
+  33/*h*/, 34/*i*/, 35/*j*/, 36/*k*/, 37/*l*/, 38/*m*/, 39/*n*/, 40/*o*/,
+  41/*p*/, 42/*q*/, 43/*r*/, 44/*s*/, 45/*t*/, 46/*u*/, 47/*v*/, 48/*w*/,
+  49/*x*/, 50/*y*/, 51/*z*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1
+};
+static const signed char kUnWebSafeBase64[] = {
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      62/*-*/, -1,      -1,
+  52/*0*/, 53/*1*/, 54/*2*/, 55/*3*/, 56/*4*/, 57/*5*/, 58/*6*/, 59/*7*/,
+  60/*8*/, 61/*9*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,       0/*A*/,  1/*B*/,  2/*C*/,  3/*D*/,  4/*E*/,  5/*F*/,  6/*G*/,
+   7/*H*/,  8/*I*/,  9/*J*/, 10/*K*/, 11/*L*/, 12/*M*/, 13/*N*/, 14/*O*/,
+  15/*P*/, 16/*Q*/, 17/*R*/, 18/*S*/, 19/*T*/, 20/*U*/, 21/*V*/, 22/*W*/,
+  23/*X*/, 24/*Y*/, 25/*Z*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      63/*_*/,
+  -1,      26/*a*/, 27/*b*/, 28/*c*/, 29/*d*/, 30/*e*/, 31/*f*/, 32/*g*/,
+  33/*h*/, 34/*i*/, 35/*j*/, 36/*k*/, 37/*l*/, 38/*m*/, 39/*n*/, 40/*o*/,
+  41/*p*/, 42/*q*/, 43/*r*/, 44/*s*/, 45/*t*/, 46/*u*/, 47/*v*/, 48/*w*/,
+  49/*x*/, 50/*y*/, 51/*z*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1
+};
+
+int WebSafeBase64Unescape(const char *src, int szsrc, char *dest, int szdest) {
+  return Base64UnescapeInternal(src, szsrc, dest, szdest, kUnWebSafeBase64);
+}
+
+static bool Base64UnescapeInternal(const char* src, int slen, string* dest,
+                                   const signed char* unbase64) {
+  // Determine the size of the output string.  Base64 encodes every 3 bytes into
+  // 4 characters.  any leftover chars are added directly for good measure.
+  // This is documented in the base64 RFC: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548
+  const int dest_len = 3 * (slen / 4) + (slen % 4);
+
+  dest->resize(dest_len);
+
+  // We are getting the destination buffer by getting the beginning of the
+  // string and converting it into a char *.
+  const int len = Base64UnescapeInternal(src, slen, string_as_array(dest),
+                                         dest_len, unbase64);
+  if (len < 0) {
+    dest->clear();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // could be shorter if there was padding
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(len, dest_len);
+  dest->erase(len);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Base64Unescape(StringPiece src, string* dest) {
+  return Base64UnescapeInternal(src.data(), src.size(), dest, kUnBase64);
+}
+
+bool WebSafeBase64Unescape(StringPiece src, string* dest) {
+  return Base64UnescapeInternal(src.data(), src.size(), dest, kUnWebSafeBase64);
+}
+
+int Base64EscapeInternal(const unsigned char *src, int szsrc,
+                         char *dest, int szdest, const char *base64,
+                         bool do_padding) {
+  static const char kPad64 = '=';
+
+  if (szsrc <= 0) return 0;
+
+  if (szsrc * 4 > szdest * 3) return 0;
+
+  char *cur_dest = dest;
+  const unsigned char *cur_src = src;
+
+  char *limit_dest = dest + szdest;
+  const unsigned char *limit_src = src + szsrc;
+
+  // Three bytes of data encodes to four characters of cyphertext.
+  // So we can pump through three-byte chunks atomically.
+  while (cur_src < limit_src - 3) {  // keep going as long as we have >= 32 bits
+    uint32 in = BigEndian::Load32(cur_src) >> 8;
+
+    cur_dest[0] = base64[in >> 18];
+    in &= 0x3FFFF;
+    cur_dest[1] = base64[in >> 12];
+    in &= 0xFFF;
+    cur_dest[2] = base64[in >> 6];
+    in &= 0x3F;
+    cur_dest[3] = base64[in];
+
+    cur_dest += 4;
+    cur_src += 3;
+  }
+  // To save time, we didn't update szdest or szsrc in the loop.  So do it now.
+  szdest = limit_dest - cur_dest;
+  szsrc = limit_src - cur_src;
+
+  /* now deal with the tail (<=3 bytes) */
+  switch (szsrc) {
+    case 0:
+      // Nothing left; nothing more to do.
+      break;
+    case 1: {
+      // One byte left: this encodes to two characters, and (optionally)
+      // two pad characters to round out the four-character cypherblock.
+      if ((szdest -= 2) < 0) return 0;
+      uint32 in = cur_src[0];
+      cur_dest[0] = base64[in >> 2];
+      in &= 0x3;
+      cur_dest[1] = base64[in << 4];
+      cur_dest += 2;
+      if (do_padding) {
+        if ((szdest -= 2) < 0) return 0;
+        cur_dest[0] = kPad64;
+        cur_dest[1] = kPad64;
+        cur_dest += 2;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 2: {
+      // Two bytes left: this encodes to three characters, and (optionally)
+      // one pad character to round out the four-character cypherblock.
+      if ((szdest -= 3) < 0) return 0;
+      uint32 in = BigEndian::Load16(cur_src);
+      cur_dest[0] = base64[in >> 10];
+      in &= 0x3FF;
+      cur_dest[1] = base64[in >> 4];
+      in &= 0x00F;
+      cur_dest[2] = base64[in << 2];
+      cur_dest += 3;
+      if (do_padding) {
+        if ((szdest -= 1) < 0) return 0;
+        cur_dest[0] = kPad64;
+        cur_dest += 1;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 3: {
+      // Three bytes left: same as in the big loop above.  We can't do this in
+      // the loop because the loop above always reads 4 bytes, and the fourth
+      // byte is past the end of the input.
+      if ((szdest -= 4) < 0) return 0;
+      uint32 in = (cur_src[0] << 16) + BigEndian::Load16(cur_src + 1);
+      cur_dest[0] = base64[in >> 18];
+      in &= 0x3FFFF;
+      cur_dest[1] = base64[in >> 12];
+      in &= 0xFFF;
+      cur_dest[2] = base64[in >> 6];
+      in &= 0x3F;
+      cur_dest[3] = base64[in];
+      cur_dest += 4;
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      // Should not be reached: blocks of 4 bytes are handled
+      // in the while loop before this switch statement.
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Logic problem? szsrc = " << szsrc;
+      break;
+  }
+  return (cur_dest - dest);
+}
+
+static const char kBase64Chars[] =
+"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+static const char kWebSafeBase64Chars[] =
+"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_";
+
+int Base64Escape(const unsigned char *src, int szsrc, char *dest, int szdest) {
+  return Base64EscapeInternal(src, szsrc, dest, szdest, kBase64Chars, true);
+}
+int WebSafeBase64Escape(const unsigned char *src, int szsrc, char *dest,
+                        int szdest, bool do_padding) {
+  return Base64EscapeInternal(src, szsrc, dest, szdest,
+                              kWebSafeBase64Chars, do_padding);
+}
+
+void Base64EscapeInternal(const unsigned char* src, int szsrc,
+                          string* dest, bool do_padding,
+                          const char* base64_chars) {
+  const int calc_escaped_size =
+    CalculateBase64EscapedLen(szsrc, do_padding);
+  dest->resize(calc_escaped_size);
+  const int escaped_len = Base64EscapeInternal(src, szsrc,
+                                               string_as_array(dest),
+                                               dest->size(),
+                                               base64_chars,
+                                               do_padding);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(calc_escaped_size, escaped_len);
+  dest->erase(escaped_len);
+}
+
+void Base64Escape(const unsigned char *src, int szsrc,
+                  string* dest, bool do_padding) {
+  Base64EscapeInternal(src, szsrc, dest, do_padding, kBase64Chars);
+}
+
+void WebSafeBase64Escape(const unsigned char *src, int szsrc,
+                         string *dest, bool do_padding) {
+  Base64EscapeInternal(src, szsrc, dest, do_padding, kWebSafeBase64Chars);
+}
+
+void Base64Escape(StringPiece src, string* dest) {
+  Base64Escape(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(src.data()),
+               src.size(), dest, true);
+}
+
+void WebSafeBase64Escape(StringPiece src, string* dest) {
+  WebSafeBase64Escape(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(src.data()),
+                      src.size(), dest, false);
+}
+
+void WebSafeBase64EscapeWithPadding(StringPiece src, string* dest) {
+  WebSafeBase64Escape(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(src.data()),
+                      src.size(), dest, true);
+}
+
+// Helper to append a Unicode code point to a string as UTF8, without bringing
+// in any external dependencies.
+int EncodeAsUTF8Char(uint32 code_point, char* output) {
+  uint32 tmp = 0;
+  int len = 0;
+  if (code_point <= 0x7f) {
+    tmp = code_point;
+    len = 1;
+  } else if (code_point <= 0x07ff) {
+    tmp = 0x0000c080 |
+        ((code_point & 0x07c0) << 2) |
+        (code_point & 0x003f);
+    len = 2;
+  } else if (code_point <= 0xffff) {
+    tmp = 0x00e08080 |
+        ((code_point & 0xf000) << 4) |
+        ((code_point & 0x0fc0) << 2) |
+        (code_point & 0x003f);
+    len = 3;
+  } else {
+    // UTF-16 is only defined for code points up to 0x10FFFF, and UTF-8 is
+    // normally only defined up to there as well.
+    tmp = 0xf0808080 |
+        ((code_point & 0x1c0000) << 6) |
+        ((code_point & 0x03f000) << 4) |
+        ((code_point & 0x000fc0) << 2) |
+        (code_point & 0x003f);
+    len = 4;
+  }
+  tmp = ghtonl(tmp);
+  memcpy(output, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&tmp) + sizeof(tmp) - len, len);
+  return len;
+}
+
+// Table of UTF-8 character lengths, based on first byte
+static const unsigned char kUTF8LenTbl[256] = {
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2, 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2, 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2, 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
+  3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3, 3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3, 4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4, 4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4
+};
+
+// Return length of a single UTF-8 source character
+int UTF8FirstLetterNumBytes(const char* src, int len) {
+  if (len == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return kUTF8LenTbl[*reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(src)];
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// CleanStringLineEndings()
+//   Clean up a multi-line string to conform to Unix line endings.
+//   Reads from src and appends to dst, so usually dst should be empty.
+//
+//   If there is no line ending at the end of a non-empty string, it can
+//   be added automatically.
+//
+//   Four different types of input are correctly handled:
+//
+//     - Unix/Linux files: line ending is LF: pass through unchanged
+//
+//     - DOS/Windows files: line ending is CRLF: convert to LF
+//
+//     - Legacy Mac files: line ending is CR: convert to LF
+//
+//     - Garbled files: random line endings: convert gracefully
+//                      lonely CR, lonely LF, CRLF: convert to LF
+//
+//   @param src The multi-line string to convert
+//   @param dst The converted string is appended to this string
+//   @param auto_end_last_line Automatically terminate the last line
+//
+//   Limitations:
+//
+//     This does not do the right thing for CRCRLF files created by
+//     broken programs that do another Unix->DOS conversion on files
+//     that are already in CRLF format.  For this, a two-pass approach
+//     brute-force would be needed that
+//
+//       (1) determines the presence of LF (first one is ok)
+//       (2) if yes, removes any CR, else convert every CR to LF
+
+void CleanStringLineEndings(const string &src, string *dst,
+                            bool auto_end_last_line) {
+  if (dst->empty()) {
+    dst->append(src);
+    CleanStringLineEndings(dst, auto_end_last_line);
+  } else {
+    string tmp = src;
+    CleanStringLineEndings(&tmp, auto_end_last_line);
+    dst->append(tmp);
+  }
+}
+
+void CleanStringLineEndings(string *str, bool auto_end_last_line) {
+  ptrdiff_t output_pos = 0;
+  bool r_seen = false;
+  ptrdiff_t len = str->size();
+
+  char *p = &(*str)[0];
+
+  for (ptrdiff_t input_pos = 0; input_pos < len;) {
+    if (!r_seen && input_pos + 8 < len) {
+      uint64_t v = GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(p + input_pos);
+      // Loop over groups of 8 bytes at a time until we come across
+      // a word that has a byte whose value is less than or equal to
+      // '\r' (i.e. could contain a \n (0x0a) or a \r (0x0d) ).
+      //
+      // We use a has_less macro that quickly tests a whole 64-bit
+      // word to see if any of the bytes has a value < N.
+      //
+      // For more details, see:
+      //   http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#HasLessInWord
+#define has_less(x, n) (((x) - ~0ULL / 255 * (n)) & ~(x) & ~0ULL / 255 * 128)
+      if (!has_less(v, '\r' + 1)) {
+#undef has_less
+        // No byte in this word has a value that could be a \r or a \n
+        if (output_pos != input_pos) {
+          GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE64(p + output_pos, v);
+        }
+        input_pos += 8;
+        output_pos += 8;
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    string::const_reference in = p[input_pos];
+    if (in == '\r') {
+      if (r_seen) p[output_pos++] = '\n';
+      r_seen = true;
+    } else if (in == '\n') {
+      if (input_pos != output_pos)
+        p[output_pos++] = '\n';
+      else
+        output_pos++;
+      r_seen = false;
+    } else {
+      if (r_seen) p[output_pos++] = '\n';
+      r_seen = false;
+      if (input_pos != output_pos)
+        p[output_pos++] = in;
+      else
+        output_pos++;
+    }
+    input_pos++;
+  }
+  if (r_seen ||
+      (auto_end_last_line && output_pos > 0 && p[output_pos - 1] != '\n')) {
+    str->resize(output_pos + 1);
+    str->operator[](output_pos) = '\n';
+  } else if (output_pos < len) {
+    str->resize(output_pos);
+  }
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// NoLocaleStrtod()
+//   This code will make you cry.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace {
+
+// Returns a string identical to *input except that the character pointed to
+// by radix_pos (which should be '.') is replaced with the locale-specific
+// radix character.
+std::string LocalizeRadix(const char *input, const char *radix_pos) {
+  // Determine the locale-specific radix character by calling sprintf() to
+  // print the number 1.5, then stripping off the digits.  As far as I can
+  // tell, this is the only portable, thread-safe way to get the C library
+  // to divuldge the locale's radix character.  No, localeconv() is NOT
+  // thread-safe.
+  char temp[16];
+  int size = snprintf(temp, sizeof(temp), "%.1f", 1.5);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(temp[0], '1');
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(temp[size - 1], '5');
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(size, 6);
+
+  // Now replace the '.' in the input with it.
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(strlen(input) + size - 3);
+  result.append(input, radix_pos);
+  result.append(temp + 1, size - 2);
+  result.append(radix_pos + 1);
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+double NoLocaleStrtod(const char *str, char **endptr) {
+  // We cannot simply set the locale to "C" temporarily with setlocale()
+  // as this is not thread-safe.  Instead, we try to parse in the current
+  // locale first.  If parsing stops at a '.' character, then this is a
+  // pretty good hint that we're actually in some other locale in which
+  // '.' is not the radix character.
+
+  char *temp_endptr;
+  double result = strtod(str, &temp_endptr);
+  if (endptr != NULL) *endptr = temp_endptr;
+  if (*temp_endptr != '.') return result;
+
+  // Parsing halted on a '.'.  Perhaps we're in a different locale?  Let's
+  // try to replace the '.' with a locale-specific radix character and
+  // try again.
+  std::string localized = LocalizeRadix(str, temp_endptr);
+  const char *localized_cstr = localized.c_str();
+  char *localized_endptr;
+  result = strtod(localized_cstr, &localized_endptr);
+  if ((localized_endptr - localized_cstr) > (temp_endptr - str)) {
+    // This attempt got further, so replacing the decimal must have helped.
+    // Update endptr to point at the right location.
+    if (endptr != NULL) {
+      // size_diff is non-zero if the localized radix has multiple bytes.
+      int size_diff = localized.size() - strlen(str);
+      // const_cast is necessary to match the strtod() interface.
+      *endptr = const_cast<char *>(
+          str + (localized_endptr - localized_cstr - size_diff));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e688c8e83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h
@@ -0,0 +1,946 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// from google3/strings/strutil.h
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STRUTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STRUTIL_H__
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1800
+#define strtoll  _strtoi64
+#define strtoull _strtoui64
+#elif defined(__DECCXX) && defined(__osf__)
+// HP C++ on Tru64 does not have strtoll, but strtol is already 64-bit.
+#define strtoll strtol
+#define strtoull strtoul
+#endif
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ascii_isalnum()
+//    Check if an ASCII character is alphanumeric.  We can't use ctype's
+//    isalnum() because it is affected by locale.  This function is applied
+//    to identifiers in the protocol buffer language, not to natural-language
+//    strings, so locale should not be taken into account.
+// ascii_isdigit()
+//    Like above, but only accepts digits.
+// ascii_isspace()
+//    Check if the character is a space character.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline bool ascii_isalnum(char c) {
+  return ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') ||
+         ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') ||
+         ('0' <= c && c <= '9');
+}
+
+inline bool ascii_isdigit(char c) {
+  return ('0' <= c && c <= '9');
+}
+
+inline bool ascii_isspace(char c) {
+  return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\v' || c == '\f' ||
+      c == '\r';
+}
+
+inline bool ascii_isupper(char c) {
+  return c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z';
+}
+
+inline bool ascii_islower(char c) {
+  return c >= 'a' && c <= 'z';
+}
+
+inline char ascii_toupper(char c) {
+  return ascii_islower(c) ? c - ('a' - 'A') : c;
+}
+
+inline char ascii_tolower(char c) {
+  return ascii_isupper(c) ? c + ('a' - 'A') : c;
+}
+
+inline int hex_digit_to_int(char c) {
+  /* Assume ASCII. */
+  int x = static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+  if (x > '9') {
+    x += 9;
+  }
+  return x & 0xf;
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// HasPrefixString()
+//    Check if a string begins with a given prefix.
+// StripPrefixString()
+//    Given a string and a putative prefix, returns the string minus the
+//    prefix string if the prefix matches, otherwise the original
+//    string.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+inline bool HasPrefixString(const string& str,
+                            const string& prefix) {
+  return str.size() >= prefix.size() &&
+         str.compare(0, prefix.size(), prefix) == 0;
+}
+
+inline string StripPrefixString(const string& str, const string& prefix) {
+  if (HasPrefixString(str, prefix)) {
+    return str.substr(prefix.size());
+  } else {
+    return str;
+  }
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// HasSuffixString()
+//    Return true if str ends in suffix.
+// StripSuffixString()
+//    Given a string and a putative suffix, returns the string minus the
+//    suffix string if the suffix matches, otherwise the original
+//    string.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+inline bool HasSuffixString(const string& str,
+                            const string& suffix) {
+  return str.size() >= suffix.size() &&
+         str.compare(str.size() - suffix.size(), suffix.size(), suffix) == 0;
+}
+
+inline string StripSuffixString(const string& str, const string& suffix) {
+  if (HasSuffixString(str, suffix)) {
+    return str.substr(0, str.size() - suffix.size());
+  } else {
+    return str;
+  }
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ReplaceCharacters
+//    Replaces any occurrence of the character 'remove' (or the characters
+//    in 'remove') with the character 'replacewith'.
+//    Good for keeping html characters or protocol characters (\t) out
+//    of places where they might cause a problem.
+// StripWhitespace
+//    Removes whitespaces from both ends of the given string.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void ReplaceCharacters(string* s, const char* remove,
+                                       char replacewith);
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void StripWhitespace(string* s);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LowerString()
+// UpperString()
+// ToUpper()
+//    Convert the characters in "s" to lowercase or uppercase.  ASCII-only:
+//    these functions intentionally ignore locale because they are applied to
+//    identifiers used in the Protocol Buffer language, not to natural-language
+//    strings.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void LowerString(string * s) {
+  string::iterator end = s->end();
+  for (string::iterator i = s->begin(); i != end; ++i) {
+    // tolower() changes based on locale.  We don't want this!
+    if ('A' <= *i && *i <= 'Z') *i += 'a' - 'A';
+  }
+}
+
+inline void UpperString(string * s) {
+  string::iterator end = s->end();
+  for (string::iterator i = s->begin(); i != end; ++i) {
+    // toupper() changes based on locale.  We don't want this!
+    if ('a' <= *i && *i <= 'z') *i += 'A' - 'a';
+  }
+}
+
+inline string ToUpper(const string& s) {
+  string out = s;
+  UpperString(&out);
+  return out;
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// StringReplace()
+//    Give me a string and two patterns "old" and "new", and I replace
+//    the first instance of "old" in the string with "new", if it
+//    exists.  RETURN a new string, regardless of whether the replacement
+//    happened or not.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string StringReplace(const string& s, const string& oldsub,
+                                     const string& newsub, bool replace_all);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SplitStringUsing()
+//    Split a string using a character delimiter. Append the components
+//    to 'result'.  If there are consecutive delimiters, this function skips
+//    over all of them.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void SplitStringUsing(const string& full, const char* delim,
+                                      std::vector<string>* res);
+
+// Split a string using one or more byte delimiters, presented
+// as a nul-terminated c string. Append the components to 'result'.
+// If there are consecutive delimiters, this function will return
+// corresponding empty strings.  If you want to drop the empty
+// strings, try SplitStringUsing().
+//
+// If "full" is the empty string, yields an empty string as the only value.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void SplitStringAllowEmpty(const string& full,
+                                           const char* delim,
+                                           std::vector<string>* result);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Split()
+//    Split a string using a character delimiter.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+inline std::vector<string> Split(
+    const string& full, const char* delim, bool skip_empty = true) {
+  std::vector<string> result;
+  if (skip_empty) {
+    SplitStringUsing(full, delim, &result);
+  } else {
+    SplitStringAllowEmpty(full, delim, &result);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// JoinStrings()
+//    These methods concatenate a vector of strings into a C++ string, using
+//    the C-string "delim" as a separator between components. There are two
+//    flavors of the function, one flavor returns the concatenated string,
+//    another takes a pointer to the target string. In the latter case the
+//    target string is cleared and overwritten.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void JoinStrings(const std::vector<string>& components,
+                                 const char* delim, string* result);
+
+inline string JoinStrings(const std::vector<string>& components,
+                          const char* delim) {
+  string result;
+  JoinStrings(components, delim, &result);
+  return result;
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// UnescapeCEscapeSequences()
+//    Copies "source" to "dest", rewriting C-style escape sequences
+//    -- '\n', '\r', '\\', '\ooo', etc -- to their ASCII
+//    equivalents.  "dest" must be sufficiently large to hold all
+//    the characters in the rewritten string (i.e. at least as large
+//    as strlen(source) + 1 should be safe, since the replacements
+//    are always shorter than the original escaped sequences).  It's
+//    safe for source and dest to be the same.  RETURNS the length
+//    of dest.
+//
+//    It allows hex sequences \xhh, or generally \xhhhhh with an
+//    arbitrary number of hex digits, but all of them together must
+//    specify a value of a single byte (e.g. \x0045 is equivalent
+//    to \x45, and \x1234 is erroneous).
+//
+//    It also allows escape sequences of the form \uhhhh (exactly four
+//    hex digits, upper or lower case) or \Uhhhhhhhh (exactly eight
+//    hex digits, upper or lower case) to specify a Unicode code
+//    point. The dest array will contain the UTF8-encoded version of
+//    that code-point (e.g., if source contains \u2019, then dest will
+//    contain the three bytes 0xE2, 0x80, and 0x99).
+//
+//    Errors: In the first form of the call, errors are reported with
+//    LOG(ERROR). The same is true for the second form of the call if
+//    the pointer to the string std::vector is nullptr; otherwise, error
+//    messages are stored in the std::vector. In either case, the effect on
+//    the dest array is not defined, but rest of the source will be
+//    processed.
+//    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int UnescapeCEscapeSequences(const char* source, char* dest);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int UnescapeCEscapeSequences(const char* source, char* dest,
+                                             std::vector<string>* errors);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// UnescapeCEscapeString()
+//    This does the same thing as UnescapeCEscapeSequences, but creates
+//    a new string. The caller does not need to worry about allocating
+//    a dest buffer. This should be used for non performance critical
+//    tasks such as printing debug messages. It is safe for src and dest
+//    to be the same.
+//
+//    The second call stores its errors in a supplied string vector.
+//    If the string vector pointer is nullptr, it reports the errors with LOG().
+//
+//    In the first and second calls, the length of dest is returned. In the
+//    the third call, the new string is returned.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int UnescapeCEscapeString(const string& src, string* dest);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int UnescapeCEscapeString(const string& src, string* dest,
+                                          std::vector<string>* errors);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string UnescapeCEscapeString(const string& src);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// CEscape()
+//    Escapes 'src' using C-style escape sequences and returns the resulting
+//    string.
+//
+//    Escaped chars: \n, \r, \t, ", ', \, and !isprint().
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string CEscape(const string& src);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// CEscapeAndAppend()
+//    Escapes 'src' using C-style escape sequences, and appends the escaped
+//    string to 'dest'.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void CEscapeAndAppend(StringPiece src, string* dest);
+
+namespace strings {
+// Like CEscape() but does not escape bytes with the upper bit set.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string Utf8SafeCEscape(const string& src);
+
+// Like CEscape() but uses hex (\x) escapes instead of octals.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string CHexEscape(const string& src);
+}  // namespace strings
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// strto32()
+// strtou32()
+// strto64()
+// strtou64()
+//    Architecture-neutral plug compatible replacements for strtol() and
+//    strtoul().  Long's have different lengths on ILP-32 and LP-64
+//    platforms, so using these is safer, from the point of view of
+//    overflow behavior, than using the standard libc functions.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int32 strto32_adaptor(const char* nptr, char** endptr,
+                                      int base);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT uint32 strtou32_adaptor(const char* nptr, char** endptr,
+                                        int base);
+
+inline int32 strto32(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base) {
+  if (sizeof(int32) == sizeof(long))
+    return strtol(nptr, endptr, base);
+  else
+    return strto32_adaptor(nptr, endptr, base);
+}
+
+inline uint32 strtou32(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base) {
+  if (sizeof(uint32) == sizeof(unsigned long))
+    return strtoul(nptr, endptr, base);
+  else
+    return strtou32_adaptor(nptr, endptr, base);
+}
+
+// For now, long long is 64-bit on all the platforms we care about, so these
+// functions can simply pass the call to strto[u]ll.
+inline int64 strto64(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base) {
+  GOOGLE_COMPILE_ASSERT(sizeof(int64) == sizeof(long long),
+                        sizeof_int64_is_not_sizeof_long_long);
+  return strtoll(nptr, endptr, base);
+}
+
+inline uint64 strtou64(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base) {
+  GOOGLE_COMPILE_ASSERT(sizeof(uint64) == sizeof(unsigned long long),
+                        sizeof_uint64_is_not_sizeof_long_long);
+  return strtoull(nptr, endptr, base);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// safe_strtob()
+// safe_strto32()
+// safe_strtou32()
+// safe_strto64()
+// safe_strtou64()
+// safe_strtof()
+// safe_strtod()
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_strtob(StringPiece str, bool* value);
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_strto32(const string& str, int32* value);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_strtou32(const string& str, uint32* value);
+inline bool safe_strto32(const char* str, int32* value) {
+  return safe_strto32(string(str), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strto32(StringPiece str, int32* value) {
+  return safe_strto32(str.ToString(), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strtou32(const char* str, uint32* value) {
+  return safe_strtou32(string(str), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strtou32(StringPiece str, uint32* value) {
+  return safe_strtou32(str.ToString(), value);
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_strto64(const string& str, int64* value);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_strtou64(const string& str, uint64* value);
+inline bool safe_strto64(const char* str, int64* value) {
+  return safe_strto64(string(str), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strto64(StringPiece str, int64* value) {
+  return safe_strto64(str.ToString(), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strtou64(const char* str, uint64* value) {
+  return safe_strtou64(string(str), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strtou64(StringPiece str, uint64* value) {
+  return safe_strtou64(str.ToString(), value);
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_strtof(const char* str, float* value);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_strtod(const char* str, double* value);
+inline bool safe_strtof(const string& str, float* value) {
+  return safe_strtof(str.c_str(), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strtod(const string& str, double* value) {
+  return safe_strtod(str.c_str(), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strtof(StringPiece str, float* value) {
+  return safe_strtof(str.ToString(), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strtod(StringPiece str, double* value) {
+  return safe_strtod(str.ToString(), value);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FastIntToBuffer()
+// FastHexToBuffer()
+// FastHex64ToBuffer()
+// FastHex32ToBuffer()
+// FastTimeToBuffer()
+//    These are intended for speed.  FastIntToBuffer() assumes the
+//    integer is non-negative.  FastHexToBuffer() puts output in
+//    hex rather than decimal.  FastTimeToBuffer() puts the output
+//    into RFC822 format.
+//
+//    FastHex64ToBuffer() puts a 64-bit unsigned value in hex-format,
+//    padded to exactly 16 bytes (plus one byte for '\0')
+//
+//    FastHex32ToBuffer() puts a 32-bit unsigned value in hex-format,
+//    padded to exactly 8 bytes (plus one byte for '\0')
+//
+//       All functions take the output buffer as an arg.
+//    They all return a pointer to the beginning of the output,
+//    which may not be the beginning of the input buffer.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Suggested buffer size for FastToBuffer functions.  Also works with
+// DoubleToBuffer() and FloatToBuffer().
+static const int kFastToBufferSize = 32;
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT char* FastInt32ToBuffer(int32 i, char* buffer);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT char* FastInt64ToBuffer(int64 i, char* buffer);
+char* FastUInt32ToBuffer(uint32 i, char* buffer);  // inline below
+char* FastUInt64ToBuffer(uint64 i, char* buffer);  // inline below
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT char* FastHexToBuffer(int i, char* buffer);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT char* FastHex64ToBuffer(uint64 i, char* buffer);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT char* FastHex32ToBuffer(uint32 i, char* buffer);
+
+// at least 22 bytes long
+inline char* FastIntToBuffer(int i, char* buffer) {
+  return (sizeof(i) == 4 ?
+          FastInt32ToBuffer(i, buffer) : FastInt64ToBuffer(i, buffer));
+}
+inline char* FastUIntToBuffer(unsigned int i, char* buffer) {
+  return (sizeof(i) == 4 ?
+          FastUInt32ToBuffer(i, buffer) : FastUInt64ToBuffer(i, buffer));
+}
+inline char* FastLongToBuffer(long i, char* buffer) {
+  return (sizeof(i) == 4 ?
+          FastInt32ToBuffer(i, buffer) : FastInt64ToBuffer(i, buffer));
+}
+inline char* FastULongToBuffer(unsigned long i, char* buffer) {
+  return (sizeof(i) == 4 ?
+          FastUInt32ToBuffer(i, buffer) : FastUInt64ToBuffer(i, buffer));
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FastInt32ToBufferLeft()
+// FastUInt32ToBufferLeft()
+// FastInt64ToBufferLeft()
+// FastUInt64ToBufferLeft()
+//
+// Like the Fast*ToBuffer() functions above, these are intended for speed.
+// Unlike the Fast*ToBuffer() functions, however, these functions write
+// their output to the beginning of the buffer (hence the name, as the
+// output is left-aligned).  The caller is responsible for ensuring that
+// the buffer has enough space to hold the output.
+//
+// Returns a pointer to the end of the string (i.e. the null character
+// terminating the string).
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT char* FastInt32ToBufferLeft(int32 i, char* buffer);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT char* FastUInt32ToBufferLeft(uint32 i, char* buffer);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT char* FastInt64ToBufferLeft(int64 i, char* buffer);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT char* FastUInt64ToBufferLeft(uint64 i, char* buffer);
+
+// Just define these in terms of the above.
+inline char* FastUInt32ToBuffer(uint32 i, char* buffer) {
+  FastUInt32ToBufferLeft(i, buffer);
+  return buffer;
+}
+inline char* FastUInt64ToBuffer(uint64 i, char* buffer) {
+  FastUInt64ToBufferLeft(i, buffer);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+inline string SimpleBtoa(bool value) {
+  return value ? "true" : "false";
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SimpleItoa()
+//    Description: converts an integer to a string.
+//
+//    Return value: string
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string SimpleItoa(int i);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string SimpleItoa(unsigned int i);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string SimpleItoa(long i);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string SimpleItoa(unsigned long i);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string SimpleItoa(long long i);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string SimpleItoa(unsigned long long i);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SimpleDtoa()
+// SimpleFtoa()
+// DoubleToBuffer()
+// FloatToBuffer()
+//    Description: converts a double or float to a string which, if
+//    passed to NoLocaleStrtod(), will produce the exact same original double
+//    (except in case of NaN; all NaNs are considered the same value).
+//    We try to keep the string short but it's not guaranteed to be as
+//    short as possible.
+//
+//    DoubleToBuffer() and FloatToBuffer() write the text to the given
+//    buffer and return it.  The buffer must be at least
+//    kDoubleToBufferSize bytes for doubles and kFloatToBufferSize
+//    bytes for floats.  kFastToBufferSize is also guaranteed to be large
+//    enough to hold either.
+//
+//    Return value: string
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string SimpleDtoa(double value);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string SimpleFtoa(float value);
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT char* DoubleToBuffer(double i, char* buffer);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT char* FloatToBuffer(float i, char* buffer);
+
+// In practice, doubles should never need more than 24 bytes and floats
+// should never need more than 14 (including null terminators), but we
+// overestimate to be safe.
+static const int kDoubleToBufferSize = 32;
+static const int kFloatToBufferSize = 24;
+
+namespace strings {
+
+enum PadSpec {
+  NO_PAD = 1,
+  ZERO_PAD_2,
+  ZERO_PAD_3,
+  ZERO_PAD_4,
+  ZERO_PAD_5,
+  ZERO_PAD_6,
+  ZERO_PAD_7,
+  ZERO_PAD_8,
+  ZERO_PAD_9,
+  ZERO_PAD_10,
+  ZERO_PAD_11,
+  ZERO_PAD_12,
+  ZERO_PAD_13,
+  ZERO_PAD_14,
+  ZERO_PAD_15,
+  ZERO_PAD_16,
+};
+
+struct Hex {
+  uint64 value;
+  enum PadSpec spec;
+  template <class Int>
+  explicit Hex(Int v, PadSpec s = NO_PAD)
+      : spec(s) {
+    // Prevent sign-extension by casting integers to
+    // their unsigned counterparts.
+#ifdef LANG_CXX11
+    static_assert(
+        sizeof(v) == 1 || sizeof(v) == 2 || sizeof(v) == 4 || sizeof(v) == 8,
+        "Unknown integer type");
+#endif
+    value = sizeof(v) == 1 ? static_cast<uint8>(v)
+          : sizeof(v) == 2 ? static_cast<uint16>(v)
+          : sizeof(v) == 4 ? static_cast<uint32>(v)
+          : static_cast<uint64>(v);
+  }
+};
+
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT AlphaNum {
+  const char *piece_data_;  // move these to string_ref eventually
+  size_t piece_size_;       // move these to string_ref eventually
+
+  char digits[kFastToBufferSize];
+
+  // No bool ctor -- bools convert to an integral type.
+  // A bool ctor would also convert incoming pointers (bletch).
+
+  AlphaNum(int i32)
+      : piece_data_(digits),
+        piece_size_(FastInt32ToBufferLeft(i32, digits) - &digits[0]) {}
+  AlphaNum(unsigned int u32)
+      : piece_data_(digits),
+        piece_size_(FastUInt32ToBufferLeft(u32, digits) - &digits[0]) {}
+  AlphaNum(long long i64)
+      : piece_data_(digits),
+        piece_size_(FastInt64ToBufferLeft(i64, digits) - &digits[0]) {}
+  AlphaNum(unsigned long long u64)
+      : piece_data_(digits),
+        piece_size_(FastUInt64ToBufferLeft(u64, digits) - &digits[0]) {}
+
+  // Note: on some architectures, "long" is only 32 bits, not 64, but the
+  // performance hit of using FastInt64ToBufferLeft to handle 32-bit values
+  // is quite minor.
+  AlphaNum(long i64)
+      : piece_data_(digits),
+        piece_size_(FastInt64ToBufferLeft(i64, digits) - &digits[0]) {}
+  AlphaNum(unsigned long u64)
+      : piece_data_(digits),
+        piece_size_(FastUInt64ToBufferLeft(u64, digits) - &digits[0]) {}
+
+  AlphaNum(float f)
+    : piece_data_(digits), piece_size_(strlen(FloatToBuffer(f, digits))) {}
+  AlphaNum(double f)
+    : piece_data_(digits), piece_size_(strlen(DoubleToBuffer(f, digits))) {}
+
+  AlphaNum(Hex hex);
+
+  AlphaNum(const char* c_str)
+      : piece_data_(c_str), piece_size_(strlen(c_str)) {}
+  // TODO: Add a string_ref constructor, eventually
+  // AlphaNum(const StringPiece &pc) : piece(pc) {}
+
+  AlphaNum(const string& str)
+      : piece_data_(str.data()), piece_size_(str.size()) {}
+
+  AlphaNum(StringPiece str)
+      : piece_data_(str.data()), piece_size_(str.size()) {}
+
+  AlphaNum(internal::StringPiecePod str)
+      : piece_data_(str.data()), piece_size_(str.size()) {}
+
+  size_t size() const { return piece_size_; }
+  const char *data() const { return piece_data_; }
+
+ private:
+  // Use ":" not ':'
+  AlphaNum(char c);  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
+
+  // Disallow copy and assign.
+  AlphaNum(const AlphaNum&);
+  void operator=(const AlphaNum&);
+};
+
+}  // namespace strings
+
+using strings::AlphaNum;
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// StrCat()
+//    This merges the given strings or numbers, with no delimiter.  This
+//    is designed to be the fastest possible way to construct a string out
+//    of a mix of raw C strings, strings, bool values,
+//    and numeric values.
+//
+//    Don't use this for user-visible strings.  The localization process
+//    works poorly on strings built up out of fragments.
+//
+//    For clarity and performance, don't use StrCat when appending to a
+//    string.  In particular, avoid using any of these (anti-)patterns:
+//      str.append(StrCat(...)
+//      str += StrCat(...)
+//      str = StrCat(str, ...)
+//    where the last is the worse, with the potential to change a loop
+//    from a linear time operation with O(1) dynamic allocations into a
+//    quadratic time operation with O(n) dynamic allocations.  StrAppend
+//    is a better choice than any of the above, subject to the restriction
+//    of StrAppend(&str, a, b, c, ...) that none of the a, b, c, ... may
+//    be a reference into str.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+                              const AlphaNum& c);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+                              const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+                              const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d,
+                              const AlphaNum& e);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+                              const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d,
+                              const AlphaNum& e, const AlphaNum& f);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+                              const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d,
+                              const AlphaNum& e, const AlphaNum& f,
+                              const AlphaNum& g);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+                              const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d,
+                              const AlphaNum& e, const AlphaNum& f,
+                              const AlphaNum& g, const AlphaNum& h);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+                              const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d,
+                              const AlphaNum& e, const AlphaNum& f,
+                              const AlphaNum& g, const AlphaNum& h,
+                              const AlphaNum& i);
+
+inline string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a) { return string(a.data(), a.size()); }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// StrAppend()
+//    Same as above, but adds the output to the given string.
+//    WARNING: For speed, StrAppend does not try to check each of its input
+//    arguments to be sure that they are not a subset of the string being
+//    appended to.  That is, while this will work:
+//
+//    string s = "foo";
+//    s += s;
+//
+//    This will not (necessarily) work:
+//
+//    string s = "foo";
+//    StrAppend(&s, s);
+//
+//    Note: while StrCat supports appending up to 9 arguments, StrAppend
+//    is currently limited to 4.  That's rarely an issue except when
+//    automatically transforming StrCat to StrAppend, and can easily be
+//    worked around as consecutive calls to StrAppend are quite efficient.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void StrAppend(string* dest, const AlphaNum& a);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void StrAppend(string* dest, const AlphaNum& a,
+                               const AlphaNum& b);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void StrAppend(string* dest, const AlphaNum& a,
+                               const AlphaNum& b, const AlphaNum& c);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void StrAppend(string* dest, const AlphaNum& a,
+                               const AlphaNum& b, const AlphaNum& c,
+                               const AlphaNum& d);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Join()
+//    These methods concatenate a range of components into a C++ string, using
+//    the C-string "delim" as a separator between components.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+template <typename Iterator>
+void Join(Iterator start, Iterator end,
+          const char* delim, string* result) {
+  for (Iterator it = start; it != end; ++it) {
+    if (it != start) {
+      result->append(delim);
+    }
+    StrAppend(result, *it);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Range>
+string Join(const Range& components,
+            const char* delim) {
+  string result;
+  Join(components.begin(), components.end(), delim, &result);
+  return result;
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ToHex()
+//    Return a lower-case hex string representation of the given integer.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string ToHex(uint64 num);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// GlobalReplaceSubstring()
+//    Replaces all instances of a substring in a string.  Does nothing
+//    if 'substring' is empty.  Returns the number of replacements.
+//
+//    NOTE: The string pieces must not overlap s.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int GlobalReplaceSubstring(const string& substring,
+                                           const string& replacement,
+                                           string* s);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Base64Unescape()
+//    Converts "src" which is encoded in Base64 to its binary equivalent and
+//    writes it to "dest". If src contains invalid characters, dest is cleared
+//    and the function returns false. Returns true on success.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool Base64Unescape(StringPiece src, string* dest);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// WebSafeBase64Unescape()
+//    This is a variation of Base64Unescape which uses '-' instead of '+', and
+//    '_' instead of '/'. src is not null terminated, instead specify len. I
+//    recommend that slen<szdest, but we honor szdest anyway.
+//    RETURNS the length of dest, or -1 if src contains invalid chars.
+
+//    The variation that stores into a string clears the string first, and
+//    returns false (with dest empty) if src contains invalid chars; for
+//    this version src and dest must be different strings.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int WebSafeBase64Unescape(const char* src, int slen, char* dest,
+                                          int szdest);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool WebSafeBase64Unescape(StringPiece src, string* dest);
+
+// Return the length to use for the output buffer given to the base64 escape
+// routines. Make sure to use the same value for do_padding in both.
+// This function may return incorrect results if given input_len values that
+// are extremely high, which should happen rarely.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int CalculateBase64EscapedLen(int input_len, bool do_padding);
+// Use this version when calling Base64Escape without a do_padding arg.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int CalculateBase64EscapedLen(int input_len);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Base64Escape()
+// WebSafeBase64Escape()
+//    Encode "src" to "dest" using base64 encoding.
+//    src is not null terminated, instead specify len.
+//    'dest' should have at least CalculateBase64EscapedLen() length.
+//    RETURNS the length of dest.
+//    The WebSafe variation use '-' instead of '+' and '_' instead of '/'
+//    so that we can place the out in the URL or cookies without having
+//    to escape them.  It also has an extra parameter "do_padding",
+//    which when set to false will prevent padding with "=".
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int Base64Escape(const unsigned char* src, int slen, char* dest,
+                                 int szdest);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int WebSafeBase64Escape(const unsigned char* src, int slen,
+                                        char* dest, int szdest,
+                                        bool do_padding);
+// Encode src into dest with padding.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void Base64Escape(StringPiece src, string* dest);
+// Encode src into dest web-safely without padding.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void WebSafeBase64Escape(StringPiece src, string* dest);
+// Encode src into dest web-safely with padding.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void WebSafeBase64EscapeWithPadding(StringPiece src,
+                                                    string* dest);
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void Base64Escape(const unsigned char* src, int szsrc,
+                                  string* dest, bool do_padding);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void WebSafeBase64Escape(const unsigned char* src, int szsrc,
+                                         string* dest, bool do_padding);
+
+inline bool IsValidCodePoint(uint32 code_point) {
+  return code_point < 0xD800 ||
+         (code_point >= 0xE000 && code_point <= 0x10FFFF);
+}
+
+static const int UTFmax = 4;
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// EncodeAsUTF8Char()
+//  Helper to append a Unicode code point to a string as UTF8, without bringing
+//  in any external dependencies. The output buffer must be as least 4 bytes
+//  large.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int EncodeAsUTF8Char(uint32 code_point, char* output);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// UTF8FirstLetterNumBytes()
+//   Length of the first UTF-8 character.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int UTF8FirstLetterNumBytes(const char* src, int len);
+
+// From google3/third_party/absl/strings/escaping.h
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// CleanStringLineEndings()
+//   Clean up a multi-line string to conform to Unix line endings.
+//   Reads from src and appends to dst, so usually dst should be empty.
+//
+//   If there is no line ending at the end of a non-empty string, it can
+//   be added automatically.
+//
+//   Four different types of input are correctly handled:
+//
+//     - Unix/Linux files: line ending is LF: pass through unchanged
+//
+//     - DOS/Windows files: line ending is CRLF: convert to LF
+//
+//     - Legacy Mac files: line ending is CR: convert to LF
+//
+//     - Garbled files: random line endings: convert gracefully
+//                      lonely CR, lonely LF, CRLF: convert to LF
+//
+//   @param src The multi-line string to convert
+//   @param dst The converted string is appended to this string
+//   @param auto_end_last_line Automatically terminate the last line
+//
+//   Limitations:
+//
+//     This does not do the right thing for CRCRLF files created by
+//     broken programs that do another Unix->DOS conversion on files
+//     that are already in CRLF format.  For this, a two-pass approach
+//     brute-force would be needed that
+//
+//       (1) determines the presence of LF (first one is ok)
+//       (2) if yes, removes any CR, else convert every CR to LF
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void CleanStringLineEndings(const string& src, string* dst,
+                                            bool auto_end_last_line);
+
+// Same as above, but transforms the argument in place.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void CleanStringLineEndings(string* str,
+                                            bool auto_end_last_line);
+
+namespace strings {
+inline bool EndsWith(StringPiece text, StringPiece suffix) {
+  return suffix.empty() ||
+      (text.size() >= suffix.size() &&
+       memcmp(text.data() + (text.size() - suffix.size()), suffix.data(),
+              suffix.size()) == 0);
+}
+}  // namespace strings
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// A locale-independent version of the standard strtod(), which always
+// uses a dot as the decimal separator.
+double NoLocaleStrtod(const char* str, char** endptr);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STRUTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..141d263a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,895 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <locale.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define snprintf _snprintf
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+
+// TODO(kenton):  Copy strutil tests from google3?
+
+TEST(StringUtilityTest, ImmuneToLocales) {
+  // Remember the old locale.
+  char* old_locale_cstr = setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(old_locale_cstr != nullptr);
+  string old_locale = old_locale_cstr;
+
+  // Set the locale to "C".
+  ASSERT_TRUE(setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C") != nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("1.5", SimpleDtoa(1.5));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1.5", SimpleFtoa(1.5));
+
+  if (setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "es_ES") == nullptr &&
+      setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "es_ES.utf8") == nullptr) {
+    // Some systems may not have the desired locale available.
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING)
+      << "Couldn't set locale to es_ES.  Skipping this test.";
+  } else {
+    EXPECT_EQ("1.5", SimpleDtoa(1.5));
+    EXPECT_EQ("1.5", SimpleFtoa(1.5));
+  }
+
+  // Return to original locale.
+  setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, old_locale.c_str());
+}
+
+#define EXPECT_EQ_ARRAY(len, x, y, msg)                     \
+  for (int j = 0; j < len; ++j) {                           \
+    EXPECT_EQ(x[j], y[j]) << "" # x << " != " # y           \
+                          << " byte " << j << ": " << msg;  \
+  }
+
+static struct {
+  int plain_length;
+  const char* plaintext;
+  const char* cyphertext;
+} base64_tests[] = {
+  // Empty string.
+  { 0, "", ""},
+
+  // Basic bit patterns;
+  // values obtained with "echo -n '...' | uuencode -m test"
+
+  { 1, "\000", "AA==" },
+  { 1, "\001", "AQ==" },
+  { 1, "\002", "Ag==" },
+  { 1, "\004", "BA==" },
+  { 1, "\010", "CA==" },
+  { 1, "\020", "EA==" },
+  { 1, "\040", "IA==" },
+  { 1, "\100", "QA==" },
+  { 1, "\200", "gA==" },
+
+  { 1, "\377", "/w==" },
+  { 1, "\376", "/g==" },
+  { 1, "\375", "/Q==" },
+  { 1, "\373", "+w==" },
+  { 1, "\367", "9w==" },
+  { 1, "\357", "7w==" },
+  { 1, "\337", "3w==" },
+  { 1, "\277", "vw==" },
+  { 1, "\177", "fw==" },
+  { 2, "\000\000", "AAA=" },
+  { 2, "\000\001", "AAE=" },
+  { 2, "\000\002", "AAI=" },
+  { 2, "\000\004", "AAQ=" },
+  { 2, "\000\010", "AAg=" },
+  { 2, "\000\020", "ABA=" },
+  { 2, "\000\040", "ACA=" },
+  { 2, "\000\100", "AEA=" },
+  { 2, "\000\200", "AIA=" },
+  { 2, "\001\000", "AQA=" },
+  { 2, "\002\000", "AgA=" },
+  { 2, "\004\000", "BAA=" },
+  { 2, "\010\000", "CAA=" },
+  { 2, "\020\000", "EAA=" },
+  { 2, "\040\000", "IAA=" },
+  { 2, "\100\000", "QAA=" },
+  { 2, "\200\000", "gAA=" },
+
+  { 2, "\377\377", "//8=" },
+  { 2, "\377\376", "//4=" },
+  { 2, "\377\375", "//0=" },
+  { 2, "\377\373", "//s=" },
+  { 2, "\377\367", "//c=" },
+  { 2, "\377\357", "/+8=" },
+  { 2, "\377\337", "/98=" },
+  { 2, "\377\277", "/78=" },
+  { 2, "\377\177", "/38=" },
+  { 2, "\376\377", "/v8=" },
+  { 2, "\375\377", "/f8=" },
+  { 2, "\373\377", "+/8=" },
+  { 2, "\367\377", "9/8=" },
+  { 2, "\357\377", "7/8=" },
+  { 2, "\337\377", "3/8=" },
+  { 2, "\277\377", "v/8=" },
+  { 2, "\177\377", "f/8=" },
+
+  { 3, "\000\000\000", "AAAA" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\001", "AAAB" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\002", "AAAC" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\004", "AAAE" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\010", "AAAI" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\020", "AAAQ" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\040", "AAAg" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\100", "AABA" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\200", "AACA" },
+  { 3, "\000\001\000", "AAEA" },
+  { 3, "\000\002\000", "AAIA" },
+  { 3, "\000\004\000", "AAQA" },
+  { 3, "\000\010\000", "AAgA" },
+  { 3, "\000\020\000", "ABAA" },
+  { 3, "\000\040\000", "ACAA" },
+  { 3, "\000\100\000", "AEAA" },
+  { 3, "\000\200\000", "AIAA" },
+  { 3, "\001\000\000", "AQAA" },
+  { 3, "\002\000\000", "AgAA" },
+  { 3, "\004\000\000", "BAAA" },
+  { 3, "\010\000\000", "CAAA" },
+  { 3, "\020\000\000", "EAAA" },
+  { 3, "\040\000\000", "IAAA" },
+  { 3, "\100\000\000", "QAAA" },
+  { 3, "\200\000\000", "gAAA" },
+
+  { 3, "\377\377\377", "////" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\376", "///+" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\375", "///9" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\373", "///7" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\367", "///3" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\357", "///v" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\337", "///f" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\277", "//+/" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\177", "//9/" },
+  { 3, "\377\376\377", "//7/" },
+  { 3, "\377\375\377", "//3/" },
+  { 3, "\377\373\377", "//v/" },
+  { 3, "\377\367\377", "//f/" },
+  { 3, "\377\357\377", "/+//" },
+  { 3, "\377\337\377", "/9//" },
+  { 3, "\377\277\377", "/7//" },
+  { 3, "\377\177\377", "/3//" },
+  { 3, "\376\377\377", "/v//" },
+  { 3, "\375\377\377", "/f//" },
+  { 3, "\373\377\377", "+///" },
+  { 3, "\367\377\377", "9///" },
+  { 3, "\357\377\377", "7///" },
+  { 3, "\337\377\377", "3///" },
+  { 3, "\277\377\377", "v///" },
+  { 3, "\177\377\377", "f///" },
+
+  // Random numbers: values obtained with
+  //
+  //  #! /bin/bash
+  //  dd bs=$1 count=1 if=/dev/random of=/tmp/bar.random
+  //  od -N $1 -t o1 /tmp/bar.random
+  //  uuencode -m test < /tmp/bar.random
+  //
+  // where $1 is the number of bytes (2, 3)
+
+  { 2, "\243\361", "o/E=" },
+  { 2, "\024\167", "FHc=" },
+  { 2, "\313\252", "y6o=" },
+  { 2, "\046\041", "JiE=" },
+  { 2, "\145\236", "ZZ4=" },
+  { 2, "\254\325", "rNU=" },
+  { 2, "\061\330", "Mdg=" },
+  { 2, "\245\032", "pRo=" },
+  { 2, "\006\000", "BgA=" },
+  { 2, "\375\131", "/Vk=" },
+  { 2, "\303\210", "w4g=" },
+  { 2, "\040\037", "IB8=" },
+  { 2, "\261\372", "sfo=" },
+  { 2, "\335\014", "3Qw=" },
+  { 2, "\233\217", "m48=" },
+  { 2, "\373\056", "+y4=" },
+  { 2, "\247\232", "p5o=" },
+  { 2, "\107\053", "Rys=" },
+  { 2, "\204\077", "hD8=" },
+  { 2, "\276\211", "vok=" },
+  { 2, "\313\110", "y0g=" },
+  { 2, "\363\376", "8/4=" },
+  { 2, "\251\234", "qZw=" },
+  { 2, "\103\262", "Q7I=" },
+  { 2, "\142\312", "Yso=" },
+  { 2, "\067\211", "N4k=" },
+  { 2, "\220\001", "kAE=" },
+  { 2, "\152\240", "aqA=" },
+  { 2, "\367\061", "9zE=" },
+  { 2, "\133\255", "W60=" },
+  { 2, "\176\035", "fh0=" },
+  { 2, "\032\231", "Gpk=" },
+
+  { 3, "\013\007\144", "Cwdk" },
+  { 3, "\030\112\106", "GEpG" },
+  { 3, "\047\325\046", "J9Um" },
+  { 3, "\310\160\022", "yHAS" },
+  { 3, "\131\100\237", "WUCf" },
+  { 3, "\064\342\134", "NOJc" },
+  { 3, "\010\177\004", "CH8E" },
+  { 3, "\345\147\205", "5WeF" },
+  { 3, "\300\343\360", "wOPw" },
+  { 3, "\061\240\201", "MaCB" },
+  { 3, "\225\333\044", "ldsk" },
+  { 3, "\215\137\352", "jV/q" },
+  { 3, "\371\147\160", "+Wdw" },
+  { 3, "\030\320\051", "GNAp" },
+  { 3, "\044\174\241", "JHyh" },
+  { 3, "\260\127\037", "sFcf" },
+  { 3, "\111\045\033", "SSUb" },
+  { 3, "\202\114\107", "gkxH" },
+  { 3, "\057\371\042", "L/ki" },
+  { 3, "\223\247\244", "k6ek" },
+  { 3, "\047\216\144", "J45k" },
+  { 3, "\203\070\327", "gzjX" },
+  { 3, "\247\140\072", "p2A6" },
+  { 3, "\124\115\116", "VE1O" },
+  { 3, "\157\162\050", "b3Io" },
+  { 3, "\357\223\004", "75ME" },
+  { 3, "\052\117\156", "Kk9u" },
+  { 3, "\347\154\000", "52wA" },
+  { 3, "\303\012\142", "wwpi" },
+  { 3, "\060\035\362", "MB3y" },
+  { 3, "\130\226\361", "WJbx" },
+  { 3, "\173\013\071", "ews5" },
+  { 3, "\336\004\027", "3gQX" },
+  { 3, "\357\366\234", "7/ac" },
+  { 3, "\353\304\111", "68RJ" },
+  { 3, "\024\264\131", "FLRZ" },
+  { 3, "\075\114\251", "PUyp" },
+  { 3, "\315\031\225", "zRmV" },
+  { 3, "\154\201\276", "bIG+" },
+  { 3, "\200\066\072", "gDY6" },
+  { 3, "\142\350\267", "Yui3" },
+  { 3, "\033\000\166", "GwB2" },
+  { 3, "\210\055\077", "iC0/" },
+  { 3, "\341\037\124", "4R9U" },
+  { 3, "\161\103\152", "cUNq" },
+  { 3, "\270\142\131", "uGJZ" },
+  { 3, "\337\076\074", "3z48" },
+  { 3, "\375\106\362", "/Uby" },
+  { 3, "\227\301\127", "l8FX" },
+  { 3, "\340\002\234", "4AKc" },
+  { 3, "\121\064\033", "UTQb" },
+  { 3, "\157\134\143", "b1xj" },
+  { 3, "\247\055\327", "py3X" },
+  { 3, "\340\142\005", "4GIF" },
+  { 3, "\060\260\143", "MLBj" },
+  { 3, "\075\203\170", "PYN4" },
+  { 3, "\143\160\016", "Y3AO" },
+  { 3, "\313\013\063", "ywsz" },
+  { 3, "\174\236\135", "fJ5d" },
+  { 3, "\103\047\026", "QycW" },
+  { 3, "\365\005\343", "9QXj" },
+  { 3, "\271\160\223", "uXCT" },
+  { 3, "\362\255\172", "8q16" },
+  { 3, "\113\012\015", "SwoN" },
+
+  // various lengths, generated by this python script:
+  //
+  // from string import lowercase as lc
+  // for i in range(27):
+  //   print '{ %2d, "%s",%s "%s" },' % (i, lc[:i], ' ' * (26-i),
+  //                                     lc[:i].encode('base64').strip())
+
+  {  0, "",                           "" },
+  {  1, "a",                          "YQ==" },
+  {  2, "ab",                         "YWI=" },
+  {  3, "abc",                        "YWJj" },
+  {  4, "abcd",                       "YWJjZA==" },
+  {  5, "abcde",                      "YWJjZGU=" },
+  {  6, "abcdef",                     "YWJjZGVm" },
+  {  7, "abcdefg",                    "YWJjZGVmZw==" },
+  {  8, "abcdefgh",                   "YWJjZGVmZ2g=" },
+  {  9, "abcdefghi",                  "YWJjZGVmZ2hp" },
+  { 10, "abcdefghij",                 "YWJjZGVmZ2hpag==" },
+  { 11, "abcdefghijk",                "YWJjZGVmZ2hpams=" },
+  { 12, "abcdefghijkl",               "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamts" },
+  { 13, "abcdefghijklm",              "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbQ==" },
+  { 14, "abcdefghijklmn",             "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW4=" },
+  { 15, "abcdefghijklmno",            "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5v" },
+  { 16, "abcdefghijklmnop",           "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcA==" },
+  { 17, "abcdefghijklmnopq",          "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHE=" },
+  { 18, "abcdefghijklmnopqr",         "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFy" },
+  { 19, "abcdefghijklmnopqrs",        "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFycw==" },
+  { 20, "abcdefghijklmnopqrst",       "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3Q=" },
+  { 21, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstu",      "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1" },
+  { 22, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv",     "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dg==" },
+  { 23, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw",    "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dnc=" },
+  { 24, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwx",   "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dnd4" },
+  { 25, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy",  "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dnd4eQ==" },
+  { 26, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dnd4eXo=" },
+};
+
+static struct {
+  const char* plaintext;
+  const char* cyphertext;
+} base64_strings[] = {
+  // Some google quotes
+  // Cyphertext created with "uuencode (GNU sharutils) 4.6.3"
+  // (Note that we're testing the websafe encoding, though, so if
+  // you add messages, be sure to run "tr -- '+/' '-_'" on the output)
+  { "I was always good at math and science, and I never realized "
+    "that was unusual or somehow undesirable. So one of the things "
+    "I care a lot about is helping to remove that stigma, "
+    "to show girls that you can be feminine, you can like the things "
+    "that girls like, but you can also be really good at technology. "
+    "You can be really good at building things."
+    " - Marissa Meyer, Newsweek, 2010-12-22" "\n",
+
+    "SSB3YXMgYWx3YXlzIGdvb2QgYXQgbWF0aCBhbmQgc2NpZW5jZSwgYW5kIEkg"
+    "bmV2ZXIgcmVhbGl6ZWQgdGhhdCB3YXMgdW51c3VhbCBvciBzb21laG93IHVu"
+    "ZGVzaXJhYmxlLiBTbyBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIHRoaW5ncyBJIGNhcmUgYSBsb3Qg"
+    "YWJvdXQgaXMgaGVscGluZyB0byByZW1vdmUgdGhhdCBzdGlnbWEsIHRvIHNo"
+    "b3cgZ2lybHMgdGhhdCB5b3UgY2FuIGJlIGZlbWluaW5lLCB5b3UgY2FuIGxp"
+    "a2UgdGhlIHRoaW5ncyB0aGF0IGdpcmxzIGxpa2UsIGJ1dCB5b3UgY2FuIGFs"
+    "c28gYmUgcmVhbGx5IGdvb2QgYXQgdGVjaG5vbG9neS4gWW91IGNhbiBiZSBy"
+    "ZWFsbHkgZ29vZCBhdCBidWlsZGluZyB0aGluZ3MuIC0gTWFyaXNzYSBNZXll"
+    "ciwgTmV3c3dlZWssIDIwMTAtMTItMjIK" },
+
+  { "Typical first year for a new cluster: "
+    "~0.5 overheating "
+    "~1 PDU failure "
+    "~1 rack-move "
+    "~1 network rewiring "
+    "~20 rack failures "
+    "~5 racks go wonky "
+    "~8 network maintenances "
+    "~12 router reloads "
+    "~3 router failures "
+    "~dozens of minor 30-second blips for dns "
+    "~1000 individual machine failures "
+    "~thousands of hard drive failures "
+    "slow disks, bad memory, misconfigured machines, flaky machines, etc."
+    " - Jeff Dean, The Joys of Real Hardware" "\n",
+
+    "VHlwaWNhbCBmaXJzdCB5ZWFyIGZvciBhIG5ldyBjbHVzdGVyOiB-MC41IG92"
+    "ZXJoZWF0aW5nIH4xIFBEVSBmYWlsdXJlIH4xIHJhY2stbW92ZSB-MSBuZXR3"
+    "b3JrIHJld2lyaW5nIH4yMCByYWNrIGZhaWx1cmVzIH41IHJhY2tzIGdvIHdv"
+    "bmt5IH44IG5ldHdvcmsgbWFpbnRlbmFuY2VzIH4xMiByb3V0ZXIgcmVsb2Fk"
+    "cyB-MyByb3V0ZXIgZmFpbHVyZXMgfmRvemVucyBvZiBtaW5vciAzMC1zZWNv"
+    "bmQgYmxpcHMgZm9yIGRucyB-MTAwMCBpbmRpdmlkdWFsIG1hY2hpbmUgZmFp"
+    "bHVyZXMgfnRob3VzYW5kcyBvZiBoYXJkIGRyaXZlIGZhaWx1cmVzIHNsb3cg"
+    "ZGlza3MsIGJhZCBtZW1vcnksIG1pc2NvbmZpZ3VyZWQgbWFjaGluZXMsIGZs"
+    "YWt5IG1hY2hpbmVzLCBldGMuIC0gSmVmZiBEZWFuLCBUaGUgSm95cyBvZiBS"
+    "ZWFsIEhhcmR3YXJlCg" },
+
+  { "I'm the head of the webspam team at Google.  "
+    "That means that if you type your name into Google and get porn back, "
+    "it's my fault. Unless you're a porn star, in which case porn is a "
+    "completely reasonable response."
+    " - Matt Cutts, Google Plus" "\n",
+
+    "SSdtIHRoZSBoZWFkIG9mIHRoZSB3ZWJzcGFtIHRlYW0gYXQgR29vZ2xlLiAg"
+    "VGhhdCBtZWFucyB0aGF0IGlmIHlvdSB0eXBlIHlvdXIgbmFtZSBpbnRvIEdv"
+    "b2dsZSBhbmQgZ2V0IHBvcm4gYmFjaywgaXQncyBteSBmYXVsdC4gVW5sZXNz"
+    "IHlvdSdyZSBhIHBvcm4gc3RhciwgaW4gd2hpY2ggY2FzZSBwb3JuIGlzIGEg"
+    "Y29tcGxldGVseSByZWFzb25hYmxlIHJlc3BvbnNlLiAtIE1hdHQgQ3V0dHMs"
+    "IEdvb2dsZSBQbHVzCg" },
+
+  { "It will still be a long time before machines approach human intelligence. "
+    "But luckily, machines don't actually have to be intelligent; "
+    "they just have to fake it. Access to a wealth of information, "
+    "combined with a rudimentary decision-making capacity, "
+    "can often be almost as useful. Of course, the results are better yet "
+    "when coupled with intelligence. A reference librarian with access to "
+    "a good search engine is a formidable tool."
+    " - Craig Silverstein, Siemens Pictures of the Future, Spring 2004" "\n",
+
+    "SXQgd2lsbCBzdGlsbCBiZSBhIGxvbmcgdGltZSBiZWZvcmUgbWFjaGluZXMg"
+    "YXBwcm9hY2ggaHVtYW4gaW50ZWxsaWdlbmNlLiBCdXQgbHVja2lseSwgbWFj"
+    "aGluZXMgZG9uJ3QgYWN0dWFsbHkgaGF2ZSB0byBiZSBpbnRlbGxpZ2VudDsg"
+    "dGhleSBqdXN0IGhhdmUgdG8gZmFrZSBpdC4gQWNjZXNzIHRvIGEgd2VhbHRo"
+    "IG9mIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uLCBjb21iaW5lZCB3aXRoIGEgcnVkaW1lbnRhcnkg"
+    "ZGVjaXNpb24tbWFraW5nIGNhcGFjaXR5LCBjYW4gb2Z0ZW4gYmUgYWxtb3N0"
+    "IGFzIHVzZWZ1bC4gT2YgY291cnNlLCB0aGUgcmVzdWx0cyBhcmUgYmV0dGVy"
+    "IHlldCB3aGVuIGNvdXBsZWQgd2l0aCBpbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UuIEEgcmVmZXJl"
+    "bmNlIGxpYnJhcmlhbiB3aXRoIGFjY2VzcyB0byBhIGdvb2Qgc2VhcmNoIGVu"
+    "Z2luZSBpcyBhIGZvcm1pZGFibGUgdG9vbC4gLSBDcmFpZyBTaWx2ZXJzdGVp"
+    "biwgU2llbWVucyBQaWN0dXJlcyBvZiB0aGUgRnV0dXJlLCBTcHJpbmcgMjAw"
+    "NAo" },
+
+  // Degenerate edge case
+  { "",
+    "" },
+};
+
+TEST(Base64, EscapeAndUnescape) {
+  // Check the short strings; this tests the math (and boundaries)
+  for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(base64_tests) / sizeof(base64_tests[0]); ++i) {
+    char encode_buffer[100];
+    int encode_length;
+    char decode_buffer[100];
+    int decode_length;
+    int cypher_length;
+    string decode_str;
+
+    const unsigned char* unsigned_plaintext =
+      reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(base64_tests[i].plaintext);
+
+    StringPiece plaintext(base64_tests[i].plaintext,
+                          base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+
+    cypher_length = strlen(base64_tests[i].cyphertext);
+
+    // The basic escape function:
+    memset(encode_buffer, 0, sizeof(encode_buffer));
+    encode_length = Base64Escape(unsigned_plaintext,
+                                 base64_tests[i].plain_length,
+                                 encode_buffer,
+                                 sizeof(encode_buffer));
+    //    Is it of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(encode_length, cypher_length);
+    // Would it have been okay to allocate only CalculateBase64EscapeLen()?
+    EXPECT_EQ(CalculateBase64EscapedLen(base64_tests[i].plain_length),
+              encode_length);
+
+    //    Is it the expected encoded value?
+    ASSERT_STREQ(encode_buffer, base64_tests[i].cyphertext);
+
+    // If we encode it into a buffer of exactly the right length...
+    memset(encode_buffer, 0, sizeof(encode_buffer));
+    encode_length = Base64Escape(unsigned_plaintext,
+                                          base64_tests[i].plain_length,
+                                          encode_buffer,
+                                          cypher_length);
+    //    Is it still of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(encode_length, cypher_length);
+
+    //    And is the value still correct?  (i.e., not losing the last byte)
+    EXPECT_STREQ(encode_buffer, base64_tests[i].cyphertext);
+
+    // If we decode it back:
+    decode_str.clear();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(Base64Unescape(
+        StringPiece(encode_buffer, cypher_length), &decode_str));
+
+    //    Is it of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(base64_tests[i].plain_length, decode_str.length());
+
+    //    Is it the expected decoded value?
+    EXPECT_EQ(plaintext, decode_str);
+
+    // Let's try with a pre-populated string.
+    string encoded("this junk should be ignored");
+    Base64Escape(string(base64_tests[i].plaintext,
+                        base64_tests[i].plain_length),
+                 &encoded);
+    EXPECT_EQ(encoded, string(encode_buffer, cypher_length));
+
+    string decoded("this junk should be ignored");
+    EXPECT_TRUE(Base64Unescape(
+        StringPiece(encode_buffer, cypher_length), &decoded));
+    EXPECT_EQ(decoded.size(), base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+    EXPECT_EQ_ARRAY(decoded.size(), decoded, base64_tests[i].plaintext, i);
+
+    // Our decoder treats the padding '=' characters at the end as
+    // optional (but if there are any, there must be the correct
+    // number of them.)  If encode_buffer has any, run some additional
+    // tests that fiddle with them.
+    char* first_equals = strchr(encode_buffer, '=');
+    if (first_equals) {
+      // How many equals signs does the string start with?
+      int equals = (*(first_equals+1) == '=') ? 2 : 1;
+
+      // Try chopping off the equals sign(s) entirely.  The decoder
+      // should still be okay with this.
+      string decoded2("this junk should also be ignored");
+      *first_equals = '\0';
+      EXPECT_TRUE(Base64Unescape(
+          StringPiece(encode_buffer, first_equals - encode_buffer), &decoded2));
+      EXPECT_EQ(decoded.size(), base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+      EXPECT_EQ_ARRAY(decoded.size(), decoded, base64_tests[i].plaintext, i);
+
+      // Now test chopping off the equals sign(s) and adding
+      // whitespace.  Our decoder should still accept this.
+      decoded2.assign("this junk should be ignored");
+      *first_equals = ' ';
+      *(first_equals+1) = '\0';
+      EXPECT_TRUE(Base64Unescape(
+          StringPiece(encode_buffer, first_equals - encode_buffer + 1),
+          &decoded2));
+      EXPECT_EQ(decoded.size(), base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+      EXPECT_EQ_ARRAY(decoded.size(), decoded, base64_tests[i].plaintext, i);
+
+      // Now stick a bad character at the end of the string.  The decoder
+      // should refuse this string.
+      decoded2.assign("this junk should be ignored");
+      *first_equals = '?';
+      *(first_equals+1) = '\0';
+      EXPECT_TRUE(
+          !Base64Unescape(
+              StringPiece(encode_buffer, first_equals - encode_buffer + 1),
+              &decoded2));
+
+      int len;
+
+      // Test whitespace mixed with the padding.  (eg "AA = = ")  The
+      // decoder should accept this.
+      if (equals == 2) {
+        snprintf(first_equals, 6, " = = ");
+        len = first_equals - encode_buffer + 5;
+      } else {
+        snprintf(first_equals, 6, " = ");
+        len = first_equals - encode_buffer + 3;
+      }
+      decoded2.assign("this junk should be ignored");
+      EXPECT_TRUE(
+          Base64Unescape(StringPiece(encode_buffer, len), &decoded2));
+      EXPECT_EQ(decoded.size(), base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+      EXPECT_EQ_ARRAY(decoded.size(), decoded, base64_tests[i].plaintext, i);
+
+      // Test whitespace mixed with the padding, but with the wrong
+      // number of equals signs (eg "AA = ").  The decoder should
+      // refuse these strings.
+      if (equals == 1) {
+        snprintf(first_equals, 6, " = = ");
+        len = first_equals - encode_buffer + 5;
+      } else {
+        snprintf(first_equals, 6, " = ");
+        len = first_equals - encode_buffer + 3;
+      }
+      EXPECT_TRUE(
+          !Base64Unescape(StringPiece(encode_buffer, len), &decoded2));
+    }
+
+    // Cool! the basic Base64 encoder/decoder works.
+    // Let's try the alternate alphabet: tr -- '+/' '-_'
+
+    char websafe[100];
+    memset(websafe, 0, sizeof(websafe));
+    strncpy(websafe, base64_tests[i].cyphertext, cypher_length);
+    for (int c = 0; c < sizeof(websafe); ++c) {
+      if ('+' == websafe[c]) { websafe[c] = '-'; }
+      if ('/' == websafe[c]) { websafe[c] = '_'; }
+    }
+
+    // The websafe escape function:
+    memset(encode_buffer, 0, sizeof(encode_buffer));
+    encode_length = WebSafeBase64Escape(unsigned_plaintext,
+                                                 base64_tests[i].plain_length,
+                                                 encode_buffer,
+                                                 sizeof(encode_buffer),
+                                                 true);
+    //    Is it of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(encode_length, cypher_length);
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        CalculateBase64EscapedLen(base64_tests[i].plain_length, true),
+        encode_length);
+
+    //    Is it the expected encoded value?
+    EXPECT_STREQ(encode_buffer, websafe);
+
+    //    If we encode it into a buffer of exactly the right length...
+    memset(encode_buffer, 0, sizeof(encode_buffer));
+    encode_length = WebSafeBase64Escape(unsigned_plaintext,
+                                                 base64_tests[i].plain_length,
+                                                 encode_buffer,
+                                                 cypher_length,
+                                                 true);
+    //    Is it still of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(encode_length, cypher_length);
+
+    //    And is the value still correct?  (i.e., not losing the last byte)
+    EXPECT_STREQ(encode_buffer, websafe);
+
+    //    Let's try the string version of the encoder
+    encoded = "this junk should be ignored";
+    WebSafeBase64Escape(
+        unsigned_plaintext, base64_tests[i].plain_length,
+        &encoded, true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(encoded.size(), cypher_length);
+    EXPECT_STREQ(encoded.c_str(), websafe);
+
+    //    If we decode it back:
+    memset(decode_buffer, 0, sizeof(decode_buffer));
+    decode_length = WebSafeBase64Unescape(encode_buffer,
+                                                   cypher_length,
+                                                   decode_buffer,
+                                                   sizeof(decode_buffer));
+
+    //    Is it of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(decode_length, base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+
+    //    Is it the expected decoded value?
+    EXPECT_EQ(0,
+              memcmp(decode_buffer, base64_tests[i].plaintext, decode_length));
+
+    //    If we decode it into a buffer of exactly the right length...
+    memset(decode_buffer, 0, sizeof(decode_buffer));
+    decode_length = WebSafeBase64Unescape(encode_buffer,
+                                                   cypher_length,
+                                                   decode_buffer,
+                                                   decode_length);
+
+    //    Is it still of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(decode_length, base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+
+    //    And is it the expected decoded value?
+    EXPECT_EQ(0,
+              memcmp(decode_buffer, base64_tests[i].plaintext, decode_length));
+
+    // Try using '.' for the pad character.
+    for (int c = cypher_length - 1; c >= 0 && '=' == encode_buffer[c]; --c) {
+      encode_buffer[c] = '.';
+    }
+
+    // If we decode it back:
+    memset(decode_buffer, 0, sizeof(decode_buffer));
+    decode_length = WebSafeBase64Unescape(encode_buffer,
+                                                   cypher_length,
+                                                   decode_buffer,
+                                                   sizeof(decode_buffer));
+
+    // Is it of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(decode_length, base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+
+    // Is it the expected decoded value?
+    EXPECT_EQ(0,
+              memcmp(decode_buffer, base64_tests[i].plaintext, decode_length));
+
+    // If we decode it into a buffer of exactly the right length...
+    memset(decode_buffer, 0, sizeof(decode_buffer));
+    decode_length = WebSafeBase64Unescape(encode_buffer,
+                                                   cypher_length,
+                                                   decode_buffer,
+                                                   decode_length);
+
+    // Is it still of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(decode_length, base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+
+    // And is it the expected decoded value?
+    EXPECT_EQ(0,
+              memcmp(decode_buffer, base64_tests[i].plaintext, decode_length));
+
+    // Let's try the string version of the decoder
+    decoded = "this junk should be ignored";
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WebSafeBase64Unescape(
+        StringPiece(encode_buffer, cypher_length), &decoded));
+    EXPECT_EQ(decoded.size(), base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+    EXPECT_EQ_ARRAY(decoded.size(), decoded, base64_tests[i].plaintext, i);
+
+    // Okay! the websafe Base64 encoder/decoder works.
+    // Let's try the unpadded version
+
+    for (int c = 0; c < sizeof(websafe); ++c) {
+      if ('=' == websafe[c]) {
+        websafe[c] = '\0';
+        cypher_length = c;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // The websafe escape function:
+    memset(encode_buffer, 0, sizeof(encode_buffer));
+    encode_length = WebSafeBase64Escape(unsigned_plaintext,
+                                                 base64_tests[i].plain_length,
+                                                 encode_buffer,
+                                                 sizeof(encode_buffer),
+                                                 false);
+    //    Is it of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(encode_length, cypher_length);
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        CalculateBase64EscapedLen(base64_tests[i].plain_length, false),
+        encode_length);
+
+    //    Is it the expected encoded value?
+    EXPECT_STREQ(encode_buffer, websafe);
+
+    //    If we encode it into a buffer of exactly the right length...
+    memset(encode_buffer, 0, sizeof(encode_buffer));
+    encode_length = WebSafeBase64Escape(unsigned_plaintext,
+                                                 base64_tests[i].plain_length,
+                                                 encode_buffer,
+                                                 cypher_length,
+                                                 false);
+    //    Is it still of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(encode_length, cypher_length);
+
+    //    And is the value still correct?  (i.e., not losing the last byte)
+    EXPECT_STREQ(encode_buffer, websafe);
+
+    // Let's try the (other) string version of the encoder
+    string plain(base64_tests[i].plaintext, base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+    encoded = "this junk should be ignored";
+    WebSafeBase64Escape(plain, &encoded);
+    EXPECT_EQ(encoded.size(), cypher_length);
+    EXPECT_STREQ(encoded.c_str(), websafe);
+
+    //    If we decode it back:
+    memset(decode_buffer, 0, sizeof(decode_buffer));
+    decode_length = WebSafeBase64Unescape(encode_buffer,
+                                                   cypher_length,
+                                                   decode_buffer,
+                                                   sizeof(decode_buffer));
+
+    //    Is it of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(decode_length, base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+
+    //    Is it the expected decoded value?
+    EXPECT_EQ(0,
+              memcmp(decode_buffer, base64_tests[i].plaintext, decode_length));
+
+    //    If we decode it into a buffer of exactly the right length...
+    memset(decode_buffer, 0, sizeof(decode_buffer));
+    decode_length = WebSafeBase64Unescape(encode_buffer,
+                                                   cypher_length,
+                                                   decode_buffer,
+                                                   decode_length);
+
+    //    Is it still of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(decode_length, base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+
+    //    And is it the expected decoded value?
+    EXPECT_EQ(0,
+              memcmp(decode_buffer, base64_tests[i].plaintext, decode_length));
+
+
+    // Let's try the string version of the decoder
+    decoded = "this junk should be ignored";
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WebSafeBase64Unescape(
+        StringPiece(encode_buffer, cypher_length), &decoded));
+    EXPECT_EQ(decoded.size(), base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+    EXPECT_EQ_ARRAY(decoded.size(), decoded, base64_tests[i].plaintext, i);
+
+    // This value works.  Try the next.
+  }
+
+  // Now try the long strings, this tests the streaming
+  for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(base64_strings) / sizeof(base64_strings[0]);
+       ++i) {
+    const unsigned char* unsigned_plaintext =
+      reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(base64_strings[i].plaintext);
+    int plain_length = strlen(base64_strings[i].plaintext);
+    int cypher_length = strlen(base64_strings[i].cyphertext);
+    std::vector<char> buffer(cypher_length+1);
+    int encode_length = WebSafeBase64Escape(unsigned_plaintext,
+                                                     plain_length,
+                                                     &buffer[0],
+                                                     buffer.size(),
+                                                     false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(cypher_length, encode_length);
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        CalculateBase64EscapedLen(plain_length, false), encode_length);
+    buffer[ encode_length ] = '\0';
+    EXPECT_STREQ(base64_strings[i].cyphertext, &buffer[0]);
+  }
+
+  // Verify the behavior when decoding bad data
+  {
+    const char* bad_data = "ab-/";
+    string buf;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(Base64Unescape(StringPiece(bad_data), &buf));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(!WebSafeBase64Unescape(bad_data, &buf));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(buf.empty());
+  }
+}
+
+// Test StrCat of ints and longs of various sizes and signdedness.
+TEST(StrCat, Ints) {
+  const short s = -1;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+  const uint16_t us = 2;
+  const int i = -3;
+  const unsigned int ui = 4;
+  const long l = -5;                 // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+  const unsigned long ul = 6;        // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+  const long long ll = -7;           // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+  const unsigned long long ull = 8;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+  const ptrdiff_t ptrdiff = -9;
+  const size_t size = 10;
+  const intptr_t intptr = -12;
+  const uintptr_t uintptr = 13;
+  string answer;
+  answer = StrCat(s, us);
+  EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-12");
+  answer = StrCat(i, ui);
+  EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-34");
+  answer = StrCat(l, ul);
+  EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-56");
+  answer = StrCat(ll, ull);
+  EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-78");
+  answer = StrCat(ptrdiff, size);
+  EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-910");
+  answer = StrCat(ptrdiff, intptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(answer, "-9-12");
+  answer = StrCat(uintptr, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(answer, "130");
+}
+
+class ReplaceChars : public ::testing::TestWithParam<
+                         std::tuple<string, string, const char*, char>> {};
+
+TEST_P(ReplaceChars, ReplacesAllOccurencesOfAnyCharInReplaceWithAReplaceChar) {
+  string expected = std::get<0>(GetParam());
+  string string_to_replace_in = std::get<1>(GetParam());
+  const char* what_to_replace = std::get<2>(GetParam());
+  char replacement = std::get<3>(GetParam());
+  ReplaceCharacters(&string_to_replace_in, what_to_replace, replacement);
+  ASSERT_EQ(expected, string_to_replace_in);
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+    Replace, ReplaceChars,
+    ::testing::Values(
+        std::make_tuple("", "", "", '_'),    // empty string should remain empty
+        std::make_tuple(" ", " ", "", '_'),  // no replacement string
+        std::make_tuple(" ", " ", "_-abcedf",
+                        '*'),  // replacement character not in string
+        std::make_tuple("replace", "Replace", "R",
+                        'r'),  // replace one character
+        std::make_tuple("not_spaces__", "not\nspaces\t ", " \t\r\n",
+                        '_'),  // replace some special characters
+        std::make_tuple("c++", "cxx", "x",
+                        '+'),  // same character multiple times
+        std::make_tuple("qvvvvvng v T", "queueing a T", "aeiou",
+                        'v')));  // replace all voewls
+
+class StripWs : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::tuple<string, string>> {};
+
+TEST_P(StripWs, AlwaysStripsLeadingAndTrailingWhitespace) {
+  string expected = std::get<0>(GetParam());
+  string string_to_strip = std::get<1>(GetParam());
+  StripWhitespace(&string_to_strip);
+  ASSERT_EQ(expected, string_to_strip);
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+    Strip, StripWs,
+    ::testing::Values(
+        std::make_tuple("", ""),   // empty string should remain empty
+        std::make_tuple("", " "),  // only ws should become empty
+        std::make_tuple("no whitespace",
+                        " no whitespace"),  // leading ws removed
+        std::make_tuple("no whitespace",
+                        "no whitespace "),  // trailing ws removed
+        std::make_tuple("no whitespace",
+                        " no whitespace "),  // same nb. of leading and trailing
+        std::make_tuple(
+            "no whitespace",
+            "  no whitespace "),  // different nb. of leading/trailing
+        std::make_tuple("no whitespace",
+                        " no whitespace  ")));  // more trailing than leading
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a36f2f026
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace strings {
+
+using internal::SubstituteArg;
+
+// Returns the number of args in arg_array which were passed explicitly
+// to Substitute().
+static int CountSubstituteArgs(const SubstituteArg* const* args_array) {
+  int count = 0;
+  while (args_array[count] != nullptr && args_array[count]->size() != -1) {
+    ++count;
+  }
+  return count;
+}
+
+string Substitute(
+    const char* format,
+    const SubstituteArg& arg0, const SubstituteArg& arg1,
+    const SubstituteArg& arg2, const SubstituteArg& arg3,
+    const SubstituteArg& arg4, const SubstituteArg& arg5,
+    const SubstituteArg& arg6, const SubstituteArg& arg7,
+    const SubstituteArg& arg8, const SubstituteArg& arg9) {
+  string result;
+  SubstituteAndAppend(&result, format, arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4,
+                                       arg5, arg6, arg7, arg8, arg9);
+  return result;
+}
+
+void SubstituteAndAppend(
+    string* output, const char* format,
+    const SubstituteArg& arg0, const SubstituteArg& arg1,
+    const SubstituteArg& arg2, const SubstituteArg& arg3,
+    const SubstituteArg& arg4, const SubstituteArg& arg5,
+    const SubstituteArg& arg6, const SubstituteArg& arg7,
+    const SubstituteArg& arg8, const SubstituteArg& arg9) {
+  const SubstituteArg* const args_array[] = {
+    &arg0, &arg1, &arg2, &arg3, &arg4, &arg5, &arg6, &arg7, &arg8, &arg9, nullptr
+  };
+
+  // Determine total size needed.
+  int size = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; format[i] != '\0'; i++) {
+    if (format[i] == '$') {
+      if (ascii_isdigit(format[i+1])) {
+        int index = format[i+1] - '0';
+        if (args_array[index]->size() == -1) {
+          GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL)
+            << "strings::Substitute format string invalid: asked for \"$"
+            << index << "\", but only " << CountSubstituteArgs(args_array)
+            << " args were given.  Full format string was: \""
+            << CEscape(format) << "\".";
+          return;
+        }
+        size += args_array[index]->size();
+        ++i;  // Skip next char.
+      } else if (format[i+1] == '$') {
+        ++size;
+        ++i;  // Skip next char.
+      } else {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL)
+          << "Invalid strings::Substitute() format string: \""
+          << CEscape(format) << "\".";
+        return;
+      }
+    } else {
+      ++size;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (size == 0) return;
+
+  // Build the string.
+  int original_size = output->size();
+  STLStringResizeUninitialized(output, original_size + size);
+  char* target = string_as_array(output) + original_size;
+  for (int i = 0; format[i] != '\0'; i++) {
+    if (format[i] == '$') {
+      if (ascii_isdigit(format[i+1])) {
+        unsigned int index = format[i+1] - '0';
+        assert(index < 10);
+        const SubstituteArg* src = args_array[index];
+        memcpy(target, src->data(), src->size());
+        target += src->size();
+        ++i;  // Skip next char.
+      } else if (format[i+1] == '$') {
+        *target++ = '$';
+        ++i;  // Skip next char.
+      }
+    } else {
+      *target++ = format[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(target - output->data(), output->size());
+}
+
+}  // namespace strings
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..267dead23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+// from google3/strings/substitute.h
+
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_SUBSTITUTE_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_SUBSTITUTE_H_
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace strings {
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// strings::Substitute()
+// strings::SubstituteAndAppend()
+//   Kind of like StringPrintf, but different.
+//
+//   Example:
+//     string GetMessage(string first_name, string last_name, int age) {
+//       return strings::Substitute("My name is $0 $1 and I am $2 years old.",
+//                                  first_name, last_name, age);
+//     }
+//
+//   Differences from StringPrintf:
+//   * The format string does not identify the types of arguments.
+//     Instead, the magic of C++ deals with this for us.  See below
+//     for a list of accepted types.
+//   * Substitutions in the format string are identified by a '$'
+//     followed by a digit.  So, you can use arguments out-of-order and
+//     use the same argument multiple times.
+//   * It's much faster than StringPrintf.
+//
+//   Supported types:
+//   * Strings (const char*, const string&)
+//     * Note that this means you do not have to add .c_str() to all of
+//       your strings.  In fact, you shouldn't; it will be slower.
+//   * int32, int64, uint32, uint64:  Formatted using SimpleItoa().
+//   * float, double:  Formatted using SimpleFtoa() and SimpleDtoa().
+//   * bool:  Printed as "true" or "false".
+//
+//   SubstituteAndAppend() is like Substitute() but appends the result to
+//   *output.  Example:
+//
+//     string str;
+//     strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&str,
+//                                  "My name is $0 $1 and I am $2 years old.",
+//                                  first_name, last_name, age);
+//
+//   Substitute() is significantly faster than StringPrintf().  For very
+//   large strings, it may be orders of magnitude faster.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace internal {  // Implementation details.
+
+class SubstituteArg {
+ public:
+  inline SubstituteArg(const char* value)
+    : text_(value), size_(strlen(text_)) {}
+  inline SubstituteArg(const string& value)
+    : text_(value.data()), size_(value.size()) {}
+
+  // Indicates that no argument was given.
+  inline explicit SubstituteArg()
+    : text_(nullptr), size_(-1) {}
+
+  // Primitives
+  // We don't overload for signed and unsigned char because if people are
+  // explicitly declaring their chars as signed or unsigned then they are
+  // probably actually using them as 8-bit integers and would probably
+  // prefer an integer representation.  But, we don't really know.  So, we
+  // make the caller decide what to do.
+  inline SubstituteArg(char value)
+    : text_(scratch_), size_(1) { scratch_[0] = value; }
+  inline SubstituteArg(short value)
+    : text_(FastInt32ToBuffer(value, scratch_)), size_(strlen(text_)) {}
+  inline SubstituteArg(unsigned short value)
+    : text_(FastUInt32ToBuffer(value, scratch_)), size_(strlen(text_)) {}
+  inline SubstituteArg(int value)
+    : text_(FastInt32ToBuffer(value, scratch_)), size_(strlen(text_)) {}
+  inline SubstituteArg(unsigned int value)
+    : text_(FastUInt32ToBuffer(value, scratch_)), size_(strlen(text_)) {}
+  inline SubstituteArg(long value)
+    : text_(FastLongToBuffer(value, scratch_)), size_(strlen(text_)) {}
+  inline SubstituteArg(unsigned long value)
+    : text_(FastULongToBuffer(value, scratch_)), size_(strlen(text_)) {}
+  inline SubstituteArg(long long value)
+    : text_(FastInt64ToBuffer(value, scratch_)), size_(strlen(text_)) {}
+  inline SubstituteArg(unsigned long long value)
+    : text_(FastUInt64ToBuffer(value, scratch_)), size_(strlen(text_)) {}
+  inline SubstituteArg(float value)
+    : text_(FloatToBuffer(value, scratch_)), size_(strlen(text_)) {}
+  inline SubstituteArg(double value)
+    : text_(DoubleToBuffer(value, scratch_)), size_(strlen(text_)) {}
+  inline SubstituteArg(bool value)
+    : text_(value ? "true" : "false"), size_(strlen(text_)) {}
+
+  inline const char* data() const { return text_; }
+  inline int size() const { return size_; }
+
+ private:
+  const char* text_;
+  int size_;
+  char scratch_[kFastToBufferSize];
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT string
+Substitute(const char* format,
+           const internal::SubstituteArg& arg0 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+           const internal::SubstituteArg& arg1 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+           const internal::SubstituteArg& arg2 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+           const internal::SubstituteArg& arg3 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+           const internal::SubstituteArg& arg4 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+           const internal::SubstituteArg& arg5 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+           const internal::SubstituteArg& arg6 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+           const internal::SubstituteArg& arg7 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+           const internal::SubstituteArg& arg8 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+           const internal::SubstituteArg& arg9 = internal::SubstituteArg());
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT void SubstituteAndAppend(
+    string* output, const char* format,
+    const internal::SubstituteArg& arg0 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+    const internal::SubstituteArg& arg1 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+    const internal::SubstituteArg& arg2 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+    const internal::SubstituteArg& arg3 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+    const internal::SubstituteArg& arg4 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+    const internal::SubstituteArg& arg5 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+    const internal::SubstituteArg& arg6 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+    const internal::SubstituteArg& arg7 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+    const internal::SubstituteArg& arg8 = internal::SubstituteArg(),
+    const internal::SubstituteArg& arg9 = internal::SubstituteArg());
+
+}  // namespace strings
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_SUBSTITUTE_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/template_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/template_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..feef904be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/template_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Copyright 2005 Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// ----
+// Author: lar@google.com (Laramie Leavitt)
+//
+// Template metaprogramming utility functions.
+//
+// This code is compiled directly on many platforms, including client
+// platforms like Windows, Mac, and embedded systems.  Before making
+// any changes here, make sure that you're not breaking any platforms.
+//
+//
+// The names chosen here reflect those used in tr1 and the boost::mpl
+// library, there are similar operations used in the Loki library as
+// well.  I prefer the boost names for 2 reasons:
+// 1.  I think that portions of the Boost libraries are more likely to
+// be included in the c++ standard.
+// 2.  It is not impossible that some of the boost libraries will be
+// included in our own build in the future.
+// Both of these outcomes means that we may be able to directly replace
+// some of these with boost equivalents.
+//
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEMPLATE_UTIL_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEMPLATE_UTIL_H_
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// Types small_ and big_ are guaranteed such that sizeof(small_) <
+// sizeof(big_)
+typedef char small_;
+
+struct big_ {
+  char dummy[2];
+};
+
+// Identity metafunction.
+template <class T>
+struct identity_ {
+  typedef T type;
+};
+
+// integral_constant, defined in tr1, is a wrapper for an integer
+// value. We don't really need this generality; we could get away
+// with hardcoding the integer type to bool. We use the fully
+// general integer_constant for compatibility with tr1.
+
+template<class T, T v>
+struct integral_constant {
+  static const T value = v;
+  typedef T value_type;
+  typedef integral_constant<T, v> type;
+};
+
+template <class T, T v> const T integral_constant<T, v>::value;
+
+
+// Abbreviations: true_type and false_type are structs that represent boolean
+// true and false values. Also define the boost::mpl versions of those names,
+// true_ and false_.
+typedef integral_constant<bool, true>  true_type;
+typedef integral_constant<bool, false> false_type;
+typedef true_type  true_;
+typedef false_type false_;
+
+// if_ is a templatized conditional statement.
+// if_<cond, A, B> is a compile time evaluation of cond.
+// if_<>::type contains A if cond is true, B otherwise.
+template<bool cond, typename A, typename B>
+struct if_{
+  typedef A type;
+};
+
+template<typename A, typename B>
+struct if_<false, A, B> {
+  typedef B type;
+};
+
+
+// type_equals_ is a template type comparator, similar to Loki IsSameType.
+// type_equals_<A, B>::value is true iff "A" is the same type as "B".
+//
+// New code should prefer base::is_same, defined in base/type_traits.h.
+// It is functionally identical, but is_same is the standard spelling.
+template<typename A, typename B>
+struct type_equals_ : public false_ {
+};
+
+template<typename A>
+struct type_equals_<A, A> : public true_ {
+};
+
+// and_ is a template && operator.
+// and_<A, B>::value evaluates "A::value && B::value".
+template<typename A, typename B>
+struct and_ : public integral_constant<bool, (A::value && B::value)> {
+};
+
+// or_ is a template || operator.
+// or_<A, B>::value evaluates "A::value || B::value".
+template<typename A, typename B>
+struct or_ : public integral_constant<bool, (A::value || B::value)> {
+};
+
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEMPLATE_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/template_util_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/template_util_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1745e2bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/template_util_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// Copyright 2005 Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// ----
+// Author: lar@google.com (Laramie Leavitt)
+//
+// These tests are really compile time tests.
+// If you try to step through this in a debugger
+// you will not see any evaluations, merely that
+// value is assigned true or false sequentially.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/template_util.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace GOOGLE_NAMESPACE = google::protobuf::internal;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(TemplateUtilTest, TestSize) {
+  EXPECT_GT(sizeof(GOOGLE_NAMESPACE::big_), sizeof(GOOGLE_NAMESPACE::small_));
+}
+
+TEST(TemplateUtilTest, TestIntegralConstants) {
+  // test the built-in types.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(true_type::value);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(false_type::value);
+
+  typedef integral_constant<int, 1> one_type;
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, one_type::value);
+}
+
+TEST(TemplateUtilTest, TestTemplateIf) {
+  typedef if_<true, true_type, false_type>::type if_true;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(if_true::value);
+
+  typedef if_<false, true_type, false_type>::type if_false;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(if_false::value);
+}
+
+TEST(TemplateUtilTest, TestTemplateTypeEquals) {
+  // Check that the TemplateTypeEquals works correctly.
+  bool value = false;
+
+  // Test the same type is true.
+  value = type_equals_<int, int>::value;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(value);
+
+  // Test different types are false.
+  value = type_equals_<float, int>::value;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(value);
+
+  // Test type aliasing.
+  typedef const int foo;
+  value = type_equals_<const foo, const int>::value;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(value);
+}
+
+TEST(TemplateUtilTest, TestTemplateAndOr) {
+  // Check that the TemplateTypeEquals works correctly.
+  bool value = false;
+
+  // Yes && Yes == true.
+  value = and_<true_, true_>::value;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(value);
+  // Yes && No == false.
+  value = and_<true_, false_>::value;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(value);
+  // No && Yes == false.
+  value = and_<false_, true_>::value;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(value);
+  // No && No == false.
+  value = and_<false_, false_>::value;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(value);
+
+  // Yes || Yes == true.
+  value = or_<true_, true_>::value;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(value);
+  // Yes || No == true.
+  value = or_<true_, false_>::value;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(value);
+  // No || Yes == true.
+  value = or_<false_, true_>::value;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(value);
+  // No || No == false.
+  value = or_<false_, false_>::value;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(value);
+}
+
+TEST(TemplateUtilTest, TestIdentity) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      (type_equals_<GOOGLE_NAMESPACE::identity_<int>::type, int>::value));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      (type_equals_<GOOGLE_NAMESPACE::identity_<void>::type, void>::value));
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1e5e1e21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/time.h>
+
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+namespace {
+static const int64 kSecondsPerMinute = 60;
+static const int64 kSecondsPerHour = 3600;
+static const int64 kSecondsPerDay = kSecondsPerHour * 24;
+static const int64 kSecondsPer400Years =
+    kSecondsPerDay * (400 * 365 + 400 / 4 - 3);
+// Seconds from 0001-01-01T00:00:00 to 1970-01-01T:00:00:00
+static const int64 kSecondsFromEraToEpoch = 62135596800LL;
+// The range of timestamp values we support.
+static const int64 kMinTime = -62135596800LL;  // 0001-01-01T00:00:00
+static const int64 kMaxTime = 253402300799LL;  // 9999-12-31T23:59:59
+
+static const int kNanosPerMillisecond = 1000000;
+static const int kNanosPerMicrosecond = 1000;
+
+// Count the seconds from the given year (start at Jan 1, 00:00) to 100 years
+// after.
+int64 SecondsPer100Years(int year) {
+  if (year % 400 == 0 || year % 400 > 300) {
+    return kSecondsPerDay * (100 * 365 + 100 / 4);
+  } else {
+    return kSecondsPerDay * (100 * 365 + 100 / 4 - 1);
+  }
+}
+
+// Count the seconds from the given year (start at Jan 1, 00:00) to 4 years
+// after.
+int64 SecondsPer4Years(int year) {
+  if ((year % 100 == 0 || year % 100 > 96) &&
+      !(year % 400 == 0 || year % 400 > 396)) {
+    // No leap years.
+    return kSecondsPerDay * (4 * 365);
+  } else {
+    // One leap years.
+    return kSecondsPerDay * (4 * 365 + 1);
+  }
+}
+
+bool IsLeapYear(int year) {
+  return year % 400 == 0 || (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0);
+}
+
+int64 SecondsPerYear(int year) {
+  return kSecondsPerDay * (IsLeapYear(year) ? 366 : 365);
+}
+
+static const int kDaysInMonth[13] = {
+  0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31
+};
+
+int64 SecondsPerMonth(int month, bool leap) {
+  if (month == 2 && leap) {
+    return kSecondsPerDay * (kDaysInMonth[month] + 1);
+  }
+  return kSecondsPerDay * kDaysInMonth[month];
+}
+
+static const int kDaysSinceJan[13] = {
+  0, 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334,
+};
+
+bool ValidateDateTime(const DateTime& time) {
+  if (time.year < 1 || time.year > 9999 ||
+      time.month < 1 || time.month > 12 ||
+      time.day < 1 || time.day > 31 ||
+      time.hour < 0 || time.hour > 23 ||
+      time.minute < 0 || time.minute > 59 ||
+      time.second < 0 || time.second > 59) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (time.month == 2 && IsLeapYear(time.year)) {
+    return time.day <= kDaysInMonth[time.month] + 1;
+  } else {
+    return time.day <= kDaysInMonth[time.month];
+  }
+}
+
+// Count the number of seconds elapsed from 0001-01-01T00:00:00 to the given
+// time.
+int64 SecondsSinceCommonEra(const DateTime& time) {
+  int64 result = 0;
+  // Years should be between 1 and 9999.
+  assert(time.year >= 1 && time.year <= 9999);
+  int year = 1;
+  if ((time.year - year) >= 400) {
+    int count_400years = (time.year - year) / 400;
+    result += kSecondsPer400Years * count_400years;
+    year += count_400years * 400;
+  }
+  while ((time.year - year) >= 100) {
+    result += SecondsPer100Years(year);
+    year += 100;
+  }
+  while ((time.year - year) >= 4) {
+    result += SecondsPer4Years(year);
+    year += 4;
+  }
+  while (time.year > year) {
+    result += SecondsPerYear(year);
+    ++year;
+  }
+  // Months should be between 1 and 12.
+  assert(time.month >= 1 && time.month <= 12);
+  int month = time.month;
+  result += kSecondsPerDay * kDaysSinceJan[month];
+  if (month > 2 && IsLeapYear(year)) {
+    result += kSecondsPerDay;
+  }
+  assert(time.day >= 1 &&
+         time.day <= (month == 2 && IsLeapYear(year)
+                          ? kDaysInMonth[month] + 1
+                          : kDaysInMonth[month]));
+  result += kSecondsPerDay * (time.day - 1);
+  result += kSecondsPerHour * time.hour +
+      kSecondsPerMinute * time.minute +
+      time.second;
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Format nanoseconds with either 3, 6, or 9 digits depending on the required
+// precision to represent the exact value.
+string FormatNanos(int32 nanos) {
+  if (nanos % kNanosPerMillisecond == 0) {
+    return StringPrintf("%03d", nanos / kNanosPerMillisecond);
+  } else if (nanos % kNanosPerMicrosecond == 0) {
+    return StringPrintf("%06d", nanos / kNanosPerMicrosecond);
+  } else {
+    return StringPrintf("%09d", nanos);
+  }
+}
+
+// Parses an integer from a null-terminated char sequence. The method
+// consumes at most "width" chars. Returns a pointer after the consumed
+// integer, or nullptr if the data does not start with an integer or the
+// integer value does not fall in the range of [min_value, max_value].
+const char* ParseInt(const char* data, int width, int min_value,
+                     int max_value, int* result) {
+  if (!ascii_isdigit(*data)) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  int value = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i, ++data) {
+    if (ascii_isdigit(*data)) {
+      value = value * 10 + (*data - '0');
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (value >= min_value && value <= max_value) {
+    *result = value;
+    return data;
+  } else {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+// Consumes the fractional parts of a second into nanos. For example,
+// "010" will be parsed to 10000000 nanos.
+const char* ParseNanos(const char* data, int32* nanos) {
+  if (!ascii_isdigit(*data)) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  int value = 0;
+  int len = 0;
+  // Consume as many digits as there are but only take the first 9 into
+  // account.
+  while (ascii_isdigit(*data)) {
+    if (len < 9) {
+      value = value * 10 + *data - '0';
+    }
+    ++len;
+    ++data;
+  }
+  while (len < 9) {
+    value = value * 10;
+    ++len;
+  }
+  *nanos = value;
+  return data;
+}
+
+const char* ParseTimezoneOffset(const char* data, int64* offset) {
+  // Accept format "HH:MM". E.g., "08:00"
+  int hour;
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 2, 0, 23, &hour)) == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  if (*data++ != ':') {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  int minute;
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 2, 0, 59, &minute)) == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  *offset = (hour * 60 + minute) * 60;
+  return data;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+bool SecondsToDateTime(int64 seconds, DateTime* time) {
+  if (seconds < kMinTime || seconds > kMaxTime) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // It's easier to calcuate the DateTime starting from 0001-01-01T00:00:00
+  seconds = seconds + kSecondsFromEraToEpoch;
+  int year = 1;
+  if (seconds >= kSecondsPer400Years) {
+    int count_400years = seconds / kSecondsPer400Years;
+    year += 400 * count_400years;
+    seconds %= kSecondsPer400Years;
+  }
+  while (seconds >= SecondsPer100Years(year)) {
+    seconds -= SecondsPer100Years(year);
+    year += 100;
+  }
+  while (seconds >= SecondsPer4Years(year)) {
+    seconds -= SecondsPer4Years(year);
+    year += 4;
+  }
+  while (seconds >= SecondsPerYear(year)) {
+    seconds -= SecondsPerYear(year);
+    year += 1;
+  }
+  bool leap = IsLeapYear(year);
+  int month = 1;
+  while (seconds >= SecondsPerMonth(month, leap)) {
+    seconds -= SecondsPerMonth(month, leap);
+    ++month;
+  }
+  int day = 1 + seconds / kSecondsPerDay;
+  seconds %= kSecondsPerDay;
+  int hour = seconds / kSecondsPerHour;
+  seconds %= kSecondsPerHour;
+  int minute = seconds / kSecondsPerMinute;
+  seconds %= kSecondsPerMinute;
+  time->year = year;
+  time->month = month;
+  time->day = day;
+  time->hour = hour;
+  time->minute = minute;
+  time->second = static_cast<int>(seconds);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DateTimeToSeconds(const DateTime& time, int64* seconds) {
+  if (!ValidateDateTime(time)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *seconds = SecondsSinceCommonEra(time) - kSecondsFromEraToEpoch;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void GetCurrentTime(int64* seconds, int32* nanos) {
+  // TODO(xiaofeng): Improve the accuracy of this implementation (or just
+  // remove this method from protobuf).
+  *seconds = time(nullptr);
+  *nanos = 0;
+}
+
+string FormatTime(int64 seconds, int32 nanos) {
+  DateTime time;
+  if (nanos < 0 || nanos > 999999999 || !SecondsToDateTime(seconds, &time)) {
+    return "InvalidTime";
+  }
+  string result = StringPrintf("%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d",
+                               time.year, time.month, time.day,
+                               time.hour, time.minute, time.second);
+  if (nanos != 0) {
+    result += "." + FormatNanos(nanos);
+  }
+  return result + "Z";
+}
+
+bool ParseTime(const string& value, int64* seconds, int32* nanos) {
+  DateTime time;
+  const char* data = value.c_str();
+  // We only accept:
+  //   Z-normalized: 2015-05-20T13:29:35.120Z
+  //   With UTC offset: 2015-05-20T13:29:35.120-08:00
+
+  // Parse year
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 4, 1, 9999, &time.year)) == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Expect '-'
+  if (*data++ != '-') return false;
+  // Parse month
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 2, 1, 12, &time.month)) == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Expect '-'
+  if (*data++ != '-') return false;
+  // Parse day
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 2, 1, 31, &time.day)) == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Expect 'T'
+  if (*data++ != 'T') return false;
+  // Parse hour
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 2, 0, 23, &time.hour)) == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Expect ':'
+  if (*data++ != ':') return false;
+  // Parse minute
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 2, 0, 59, &time.minute)) == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Expect ':'
+  if (*data++ != ':') return false;
+  // Parse second
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 2, 0, 59, &time.second)) == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!DateTimeToSeconds(time, seconds)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Parse nanoseconds.
+  if (*data == '.') {
+    ++data;
+    // Parse nanoseconds.
+    if ((data = ParseNanos(data, nanos)) == nullptr) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    *nanos = 0;
+  }
+  // Parse UTC offsets.
+  if (*data == 'Z') {
+    ++data;
+  } else if (*data == '+') {
+    ++data;
+    int64 offset;
+    if ((data = ParseTimezoneOffset(data, &offset)) == nullptr) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    *seconds -= offset;
+  } else if (*data == '-') {
+    ++data;
+    int64 offset;
+    if ((data = ParseTimezoneOffset(data, &offset)) == nullptr) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    *seconds += offset;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Done with parsing.
+  return *data == 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12091de30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_TIME_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_TIME_H_
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+struct DateTime {
+  int year;
+  int month;
+  int day;
+  int hour;
+  int minute;
+  int second;
+};
+
+// Converts a timestamp (seconds elapsed since 1970-01-01T00:00:00, could be
+// negative to represent time before 1970-01-01) to DateTime. Returns false
+// if the timestamp is not in the range between 0001-01-01T00:00:00 and
+// 9999-12-31T23:59:59.
+bool PROTOBUF_EXPORT SecondsToDateTime(int64 seconds, DateTime* time);
+// Converts DateTime to a timestamp (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00).
+// Returns false if the DateTime is not valid or is not in the valid range.
+bool PROTOBUF_EXPORT DateTimeToSeconds(const DateTime& time, int64* seconds);
+
+void PROTOBUF_EXPORT GetCurrentTime(int64* seconds, int32* nanos);
+
+// Formats a time string in RFC3339 fromat.
+//
+// For example, "2015-05-20T13:29:35.120Z". For nanos, 0, 3, 6 or 9 fractional
+// digits will be used depending on how many are required to represent the exact
+// value.
+//
+// Note that "nanos" must in the range of [0, 999999999].
+string PROTOBUF_EXPORT FormatTime(int64 seconds, int32 nanos);
+// Parses a time string. This method accepts RFC3339 date/time string with UTC
+// offset. For example, "2015-05-20T13:29:35.120-08:00".
+bool PROTOBUF_EXPORT ParseTime(const string& value, int64* seconds,
+                               int32* nanos);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_TIME_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4dd06a64c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/time.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+namespace {
+static const int64 kSecondsPerDay = 3600 * 24;
+
+// For DateTime, tests will mostly focuse on the date part because that's
+// the tricky one.
+int64 CreateTimestamp(int year, int month, int day) {
+  DateTime time;
+  time.year = year;
+  time.month = month;
+  time.day = day;
+  time.hour = time.minute = time.second = 0;
+  int64 result;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &result));
+  // Check that a roundtrip produces the same result.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(SecondsToDateTime(result, &time));
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(time.year == year);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(time.month == month);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(time.day == day);
+  return result;
+}
+
+TEST(DateTimeTest, SimpleTime) {
+  DateTime time;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(SecondsToDateTime(1, &time));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1970, time.year);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, time.month);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, time.day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, time.hour);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, time.minute);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, time.second);
+  int64 seconds;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, seconds);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(SecondsToDateTime(-1, &time));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1969, time.year);
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, time.month);
+  EXPECT_EQ(31, time.day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(23, time.hour);
+  EXPECT_EQ(59, time.minute);
+  EXPECT_EQ(59, time.second);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, seconds);
+
+  DateTime start, end;
+  start.year = 1;
+  start.month = 1;
+  start.day = 1;
+  start.hour = 0;
+  start.minute = 0;
+  start.second = 0;
+  end.year = 9999;
+  end.month = 12;
+  end.day = 31;
+  end.hour = 23;
+  end.minute = 59;
+  end.second = 59;
+  int64 start_time, end_time;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(start, &start_time));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(end, &end_time));
+  EXPECT_EQ(315537897599LL, end_time - start_time);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(SecondsToDateTime(start_time, &time));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+  EXPECT_EQ(start_time, seconds);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(SecondsToDateTime(end_time, &time));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+  EXPECT_EQ(end_time, seconds);
+}
+
+TEST(DateTimeTest, DayInMonths) {
+  // Check that month boundaries are handled correctly.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 1, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2014, 12, 31));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 2, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 1, 31));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 3, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 2, 28));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 4, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 3, 31));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 5, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 4, 30));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 6, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 5, 31));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 7, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 6, 30));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 8, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 7, 31));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 9, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 8, 31));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 10, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 9, 30));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 11, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 10, 31));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 12, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 11, 30));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2016, 1, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 12, 31));
+}
+
+TEST(DateTimeTest, LeapYear) {
+  // Non-leap year.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 3, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 2, 28));
+  // Leap year.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2016, 3, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2016, 2, 29));
+  // Non-leap year.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2100, 3, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2100, 2, 28));
+  // Leap year.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2400, 3, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2400, 2, 29));
+}
+
+TEST(DateTimeTest, WrongDays) {
+  int64 seconds;
+  DateTime time;
+  time.hour = 0;
+  time.minute = 0;
+  time.second = 0;
+  time.month = 2;
+
+  // Non-leap year.
+  time.year = 2015;
+  time.day = 29;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+
+  // Leap year.
+  time.year = 2016;
+  time.day = 29;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+  time.day = 30;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+
+  // Non-leap year.
+  time.year = 2100;
+  time.day = 29;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+
+  // Leap year.
+  time.year = 2400;
+  time.day = 29;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+  time.day = 30;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+
+  // Non-february
+  time.year = 2015;
+  time.month = 1;
+  time.day = 0;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+  time.day = 1;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+  time.day = 31;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+  time.day = 32;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+
+  // Bad month
+  time.year = 2015;
+  time.month = 0;
+  time.day = 1;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+  time.month = 13;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+}
+
+TEST(DateTimeTest, StringFormat) {
+  DateTime start, end;
+  start.year = 1;
+  start.month = 1;
+  start.day = 1;
+  start.hour = 0;
+  start.minute = 0;
+  start.second = 0;
+  end.year = 9999;
+  end.month = 12;
+  end.day = 31;
+  end.hour = 23;
+  end.minute = 59;
+  end.second = 59;
+  int64 start_time, end_time;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(start, &start_time));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(end, &end_time));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", FormatTime(start_time, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("9999-12-31T23:59:59Z", FormatTime(end_time, 0));
+
+  // Make sure the nanoseconds part is formated correctly.
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.010Z", FormatTime(0, 10000000));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000010Z", FormatTime(0, 10000));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000010Z", FormatTime(0, 10));
+}
+
+TEST(DateTimeTest, ParseString) {
+  int64 seconds;
+  int32 nanos;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+
+  // Test time zone offsets.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("1970-01-01T00:00:00-08:00", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T08:00:00Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("1970-01-01T00:00:00+08:00", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1969-12-31T16:00:00Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+
+  // Test nanoseconds.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("1970-01-01T00:00:00.01Z", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.010Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("1970-01-01T00:00:00.00001-08:00", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T08:00:00.000010Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("1970-01-01T00:00:00.00000001+08:00", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1969-12-31T16:00:00.000000010Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+  // Fractional parts less than 1 nanosecond will be ignored.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("1970-01-01T00:00:00.0123456789Z", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.012345678Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8207431e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Test schema for proto2 messages.  This test schema is used by:
+//
+// - conformance tests
+//
+
+// LINT: ALLOW_GROUPS
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_test_messages.proto2;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf_test_messages.proto2";
+
+// This is the default, but we specify it here explicitly.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+//
+// Also, crucially, all messages and enums in this file are eventually
+// submessages of this message.  So for example, a fuzz test of TestAllTypes
+// could trigger bugs that occur in any message type in this file.  We verify
+// this stays true in a unit test.
+message TestAllTypesProto2 {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int32 a = 1;
+    optional TestAllTypesProto2 corecursive = 2;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+    NEG = -1;  // Intentionally negative.
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  optional int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  optional uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  optional uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  optional sint32 optional_sint32 = 5;
+  optional sint64 optional_sint64 = 6;
+  optional fixed32 optional_fixed32 = 7;
+  optional fixed64 optional_fixed64 = 8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 = 9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional float optional_float = 11;
+  optional double optional_double = 12;
+  optional bool optional_bool = 13;
+  optional string optional_string = 14;
+  optional bytes optional_bytes = 15;
+
+  optional NestedMessage optional_nested_message = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessageProto2 optional_foreign_message = 19;
+
+  optional NestedEnum optional_nested_enum = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnumProto2 optional_foreign_enum = 22;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord = 25 [ctype = CORD];
+
+  optional TestAllTypesProto2 recursive_message = 27;
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 31;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 32;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 33;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 34;
+  repeated sint32 repeated_sint32 = 35;
+  repeated sint64 repeated_sint64 = 36;
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 37;
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 41;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 42;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 43;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 44;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 45;
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_nested_message = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessageProto2 repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnumProto2 repeated_foreign_enum = 52;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype = CORD];
+
+  // Packed
+  repeated int32 packed_int32 = 75 [packed = true];
+  repeated int64 packed_int64 = 76 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32 packed_uint32 = 77 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64 packed_uint64 = 78 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32 packed_sint32 = 79 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64 packed_sint64 = 80 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed32 packed_fixed32 = 81 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed64 packed_fixed64 = 82 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 = 83 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 = 84 [packed = true];
+  repeated float packed_float = 85 [packed = true];
+  repeated double packed_double = 86 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool packed_bool = 87 [packed = true];
+  repeated NestedEnum packed_nested_enum = 88 [packed = true];
+
+  // Unpacked
+  repeated int32 unpacked_int32 = 89 [packed = false];
+  repeated int64 unpacked_int64 = 90 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint32 unpacked_uint32 = 91 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint64 unpacked_uint64 = 92 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint32 unpacked_sint32 = 93 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint64 unpacked_sint64 = 94 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed32 unpacked_fixed32 = 95 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed64 unpacked_fixed64 = 96 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 unpacked_sfixed32 = 97 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 unpacked_sfixed64 = 98 [packed = false];
+  repeated float unpacked_float = 99 [packed = false];
+  repeated double unpacked_double = 100 [packed = false];
+  repeated bool unpacked_bool = 101 [packed = false];
+  repeated NestedEnum unpacked_nested_enum = 102 [packed = false];
+
+  // Map
+  map<int32, int32> map_int32_int32 = 56;
+  map<int64, int64> map_int64_int64 = 57;
+  map<uint32, uint32> map_uint32_uint32 = 58;
+  map<uint64, uint64> map_uint64_uint64 = 59;
+  map<sint32, sint32> map_sint32_sint32 = 60;
+  map<sint64, sint64> map_sint64_sint64 = 61;
+  map<fixed32, fixed32> map_fixed32_fixed32 = 62;
+  map<fixed64, fixed64> map_fixed64_fixed64 = 63;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 64;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 65;
+  map<int32, float> map_int32_float = 66;
+  map<int32, double> map_int32_double = 67;
+  map<bool, bool> map_bool_bool = 68;
+  map<string, string> map_string_string = 69;
+  map<string, bytes> map_string_bytes = 70;
+  map<string, NestedMessage> map_string_nested_message = 71;
+  map<string, ForeignMessageProto2> map_string_foreign_message = 72;
+  map<string, NestedEnum> map_string_nested_enum = 73;
+  map<string, ForeignEnumProto2> map_string_foreign_enum = 74;
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+    bool oneof_bool = 115;
+    uint64 oneof_uint64 = 116;
+    float oneof_float = 117;
+    double oneof_double = 118;
+    NestedEnum oneof_enum = 119;
+  }
+
+  // extensions
+  extensions 120 to 200;
+
+  // groups
+  optional group Data = 201 {
+    optional int32 group_int32 = 202;
+    optional uint32 group_uint32 = 203;
+  }
+
+  // Test field-name-to-JSON-name convention.
+  // (protobuf says names can be any valid C/C++ identifier.)
+  optional int32 fieldname1 = 401;
+  optional int32 field_name2 = 402;
+  optional int32 _field_name3 = 403;
+  optional int32 field__name4_ = 404;
+  optional int32 field0name5 = 405;
+  optional int32 field_0_name6 = 406;
+  optional int32 fieldName7 = 407;
+  optional int32 FieldName8 = 408;
+  optional int32 field_Name9 = 409;
+  optional int32 Field_Name10 = 410;
+  optional int32 FIELD_NAME11 = 411;
+  optional int32 FIELD_name12 = 412;
+  optional int32 __field_name13 = 413;
+  optional int32 __Field_name14 = 414;
+  optional int32 field__name15 = 415;
+  optional int32 field__Name16 = 416;
+  optional int32 field_name17__ = 417;
+  optional int32 Field_name18__ = 418;
+
+  // Reserved for unknown fields test.
+  reserved 1000 to 9999;
+
+  // message_set test case.
+  message MessageSetCorrect {
+    option message_set_wire_format = true;
+
+    extensions 4 to max;
+  }
+
+  message MessageSetCorrectExtension1 {
+    extend MessageSetCorrect {
+      optional MessageSetCorrectExtension1 message_set_extension = 1547769;
+    }
+    optional string str = 25;
+  }
+
+  message MessageSetCorrectExtension2 {
+    extend MessageSetCorrect {
+      optional MessageSetCorrectExtension2 message_set_extension = 4135312;
+    }
+    optional int32 i = 9;
+  }
+}
+
+message ForeignMessageProto2 {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnumProto2 {
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 0;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 1;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 2;
+}
+
+extend TestAllTypesProto2 {
+  optional int32 extension_int32 = 120;
+}
+
+message UnknownToTestAllTypes {
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 1001;
+  optional string optional_string = 1002;
+  optional ForeignMessageProto2 nested_message = 1003;
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 1004 {
+    optional int32 a = 1;
+  }
+  optional bool optional_bool = 1006;
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 1011;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..803e2c31e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_messages_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Test schema for proto3 messages.  This test schema is used by:
+//
+// - benchmarks
+// - fuzz tests
+// - conformance tests
+//
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package protobuf_test_messages.proto3;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf_test_messages.proto3";
+option objc_class_prefix = "Proto3";
+
+// This is the default, but we specify it here explicitly.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+//
+// Also, crucially, all messages and enums in this file are eventually
+// submessages of this message.  So for example, a fuzz test of TestAllTypes
+// could trigger bugs that occur in any message type in this file.  We verify
+// this stays true in a unit test.
+message TestAllTypesProto3 {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 a = 1;
+    TestAllTypesProto3 corecursive = 2;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+    NEG = -1;  // Intentionally negative.
+  }
+
+  enum AliasedEnum {
+    option allow_alias = true;
+
+    ALIAS_FOO = 0;
+    ALIAS_BAR = 1;
+    ALIAS_BAZ = 2;
+    QUX = 2;
+    qux = 2;
+    bAz = 2;
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  sint32 optional_sint32 = 5;
+  sint64 optional_sint64 = 6;
+  fixed32 optional_fixed32 = 7;
+  fixed64 optional_fixed64 = 8;
+  sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 = 9;
+  sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  float optional_float = 11;
+  double optional_double = 12;
+  bool optional_bool = 13;
+  string optional_string = 14;
+  bytes optional_bytes = 15;
+
+  NestedMessage optional_nested_message = 18;
+  ForeignMessage optional_foreign_message = 19;
+
+  NestedEnum optional_nested_enum = 21;
+  ForeignEnum optional_foreign_enum = 22;
+  AliasedEnum optional_aliased_enum = 23;
+
+  string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+  string optional_cord = 25 [ctype = CORD];
+
+  TestAllTypesProto3 recursive_message = 27;
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 31;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 32;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 33;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 34;
+  repeated sint32 repeated_sint32 = 35;
+  repeated sint64 repeated_sint64 = 36;
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 37;
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 41;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 42;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 43;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 44;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 45;
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_nested_message = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum repeated_foreign_enum = 52;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype = CORD];
+
+  // Packed
+  repeated int32 packed_int32 = 75 [packed = true];
+  repeated int64 packed_int64 = 76 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32 packed_uint32 = 77 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64 packed_uint64 = 78 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32 packed_sint32 = 79 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64 packed_sint64 = 80 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed32 packed_fixed32 = 81 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed64 packed_fixed64 = 82 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 = 83 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 = 84 [packed = true];
+  repeated float packed_float = 85 [packed = true];
+  repeated double packed_double = 86 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool packed_bool = 87 [packed = true];
+  repeated NestedEnum packed_nested_enum = 88 [packed = true];
+
+  // Unpacked
+  repeated int32 unpacked_int32 = 89 [packed = false];
+  repeated int64 unpacked_int64 = 90 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint32 unpacked_uint32 = 91 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint64 unpacked_uint64 = 92 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint32 unpacked_sint32 = 93 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint64 unpacked_sint64 = 94 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed32 unpacked_fixed32 = 95 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed64 unpacked_fixed64 = 96 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 unpacked_sfixed32 = 97 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 unpacked_sfixed64 = 98 [packed = false];
+  repeated float unpacked_float = 99 [packed = false];
+  repeated double unpacked_double = 100 [packed = false];
+  repeated bool unpacked_bool = 101 [packed = false];
+  repeated NestedEnum unpacked_nested_enum = 102 [packed = false];
+
+  // Map
+  map<int32, int32> map_int32_int32 = 56;
+  map<int64, int64> map_int64_int64 = 57;
+  map<uint32, uint32> map_uint32_uint32 = 58;
+  map<uint64, uint64> map_uint64_uint64 = 59;
+  map<sint32, sint32> map_sint32_sint32 = 60;
+  map<sint64, sint64> map_sint64_sint64 = 61;
+  map<fixed32, fixed32> map_fixed32_fixed32 = 62;
+  map<fixed64, fixed64> map_fixed64_fixed64 = 63;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 64;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 65;
+  map<int32, float> map_int32_float = 66;
+  map<int32, double> map_int32_double = 67;
+  map<bool, bool> map_bool_bool = 68;
+  map<string, string> map_string_string = 69;
+  map<string, bytes> map_string_bytes = 70;
+  map<string, NestedMessage> map_string_nested_message = 71;
+  map<string, ForeignMessage> map_string_foreign_message = 72;
+  map<string, NestedEnum> map_string_nested_enum = 73;
+  map<string, ForeignEnum> map_string_foreign_enum = 74;
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+    bool oneof_bool = 115;
+    uint64 oneof_uint64 = 116;
+    float oneof_float = 117;
+    double oneof_double = 118;
+    NestedEnum oneof_enum = 119;
+  }
+
+  // Well-known types
+  google.protobuf.BoolValue optional_bool_wrapper = 201;
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value optional_int32_wrapper = 202;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value optional_int64_wrapper = 203;
+  google.protobuf.UInt32Value optional_uint32_wrapper = 204;
+  google.protobuf.UInt64Value optional_uint64_wrapper = 205;
+  google.protobuf.FloatValue optional_float_wrapper = 206;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue optional_double_wrapper = 207;
+  google.protobuf.StringValue optional_string_wrapper = 208;
+  google.protobuf.BytesValue optional_bytes_wrapper = 209;
+
+  repeated google.protobuf.BoolValue repeated_bool_wrapper = 211;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int32Value repeated_int32_wrapper = 212;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int64Value repeated_int64_wrapper = 213;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt32Value repeated_uint32_wrapper = 214;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt64Value repeated_uint64_wrapper = 215;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FloatValue repeated_float_wrapper = 216;
+  repeated google.protobuf.DoubleValue repeated_double_wrapper = 217;
+  repeated google.protobuf.StringValue repeated_string_wrapper = 218;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BytesValue repeated_bytes_wrapper = 219;
+
+  google.protobuf.Duration optional_duration = 301;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp optional_timestamp = 302;
+  google.protobuf.FieldMask optional_field_mask = 303;
+  google.protobuf.Struct optional_struct = 304;
+  google.protobuf.Any optional_any = 305;
+  google.protobuf.Value optional_value = 306;
+
+  repeated google.protobuf.Duration repeated_duration = 311;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Timestamp repeated_timestamp = 312;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FieldMask repeated_fieldmask = 313;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Struct repeated_struct = 324;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Any repeated_any = 315;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Value repeated_value = 316;
+  repeated google.protobuf.ListValue repeated_list_value = 317;
+
+  // Test field-name-to-JSON-name convention.
+  // (protobuf says names can be any valid C/C++ identifier.)
+  int32 fieldname1 = 401;
+  int32 field_name2 = 402;
+  int32 _field_name3 = 403;
+  int32 field__name4_ = 404;
+  int32 field0name5 = 405;
+  int32 field_0_name6 = 406;
+  int32 fieldName7 = 407;
+  int32 FieldName8 = 408;
+  int32 field_Name9 = 409;
+  int32 Field_Name10 = 410;
+  int32 FIELD_NAME11 = 411;
+  int32 FIELD_name12 = 412;
+  int32 __field_name13 = 413;
+  int32 __Field_name14 = 414;
+  int32 field__name15 = 415;
+  int32 field__Name16 = 416;
+  int32 field_name17__ = 417;
+  int32 Field_name18__ = 418;
+
+  // Reserved for testing unknown fields
+  reserved 501 to 510;
+}
+
+message ForeignMessage {
+  int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 0;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 1;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..795cb6ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// Verify that #including windows.h does not break anything (e.g. because
+// windows.h #defines GetMessage() as a macro).
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de48c1a46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1263 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+
+#define UNITTEST ::protobuf_unittest
+#define UNITTEST_IMPORT ::protobuf_unittest_import
+// Must be included when the preprocessor symbols above are defined.
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.inc>
+#undef UNITTEST
+#undef UNITTEST_IMPORT
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+// This file doesn't use these declarations, but some .cc files do.
+namespace unittest = ::protobuf_unittest;
+namespace unittest_import = ::protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+namespace TestUtil {
+
+class ReflectionTester {
+ public:
+  // base_descriptor must be a descriptor for TestAllTypes or
+  // TestAllExtensions.  In the former case, ReflectionTester fetches from
+  // it the FieldDescriptors needed to use the reflection interface.  In
+  // the latter case, ReflectionTester searches for extension fields in
+  // its file.
+  explicit ReflectionTester(const Descriptor* base_descriptor);
+
+  void SetAllFieldsViaReflection(Message* message);
+  void ModifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(Message* message);
+  void ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection(const Message& message);
+  void ExpectClearViaReflection(const Message& message);
+
+  void SetPackedFieldsViaReflection(Message* message);
+  void ExpectPackedFieldsSetViaReflection(const Message& message);
+
+  void RemoveLastRepeatedsViaReflection(Message* message);
+  void ReleaseLastRepeatedsViaReflection(Message* message,
+                                         bool expect_extensions_notnull);
+  void SwapRepeatedsViaReflection(Message* message);
+  void SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToNullViaReflection(Message* message);
+  static void SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(
+      Message* from_message, Message* to_message);
+
+  enum MessageReleaseState {
+    IS_NULL,
+    CAN_BE_NULL,
+    NOT_NULL,
+  };
+  void ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+      Message* message, MessageReleaseState expected_release_state);
+
+  // Set and check functions for TestOneof2 messages. No need to construct
+  // the ReflectionTester by TestAllTypes nor TestAllExtensions.
+  static void SetOneofViaReflection(Message* message);
+  static void ExpectOneofSetViaReflection(const Message& message);
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* F(const std::string& name);
+
+  const Descriptor* base_descriptor_;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* group_a_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* repeated_group_a_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* nested_b_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* foreign_c_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* import_d_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* import_e_;
+
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* nested_foo_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* nested_bar_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* nested_baz_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* foreign_foo_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* foreign_bar_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* foreign_baz_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* import_foo_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* import_bar_;
+  const EnumValueDescriptor* import_baz_;
+
+  // We have to split this into three function otherwise it creates a stack
+  // frame so large that it triggers a warning.
+  void ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection1(const Message& message);
+  void ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection2(const Message& message);
+  void ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection3(const Message& message);
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ReflectionTester);
+};
+
+inline TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ReflectionTester(
+    const Descriptor* base_descriptor)
+    : base_descriptor_(base_descriptor) {
+  const DescriptorPool* pool = base_descriptor->file()->pool();
+  std::string package = base_descriptor->file()->package();
+  const FieldDescriptor* import_descriptor =
+      pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestAllTypes.optional_import_message");
+  std::string import_package =
+      import_descriptor->message_type()->file()->package();
+
+  nested_b_ = pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestAllTypes.NestedMessage.bb");
+  foreign_c_ = pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".ForeignMessage.c");
+  import_d_ = pool->FindFieldByName(import_package + ".ImportMessage.d");
+  import_e_ = pool->FindFieldByName(import_package + ".PublicImportMessage.e");
+  nested_foo_ = pool->FindEnumValueByName(package + ".TestAllTypes.FOO");
+  nested_bar_ = pool->FindEnumValueByName(package + ".TestAllTypes.BAR");
+  nested_baz_ = pool->FindEnumValueByName(package + ".TestAllTypes.BAZ");
+  foreign_foo_ = pool->FindEnumValueByName(package + ".FOREIGN_FOO");
+  foreign_bar_ = pool->FindEnumValueByName(package + ".FOREIGN_BAR");
+  foreign_baz_ = pool->FindEnumValueByName(package + ".FOREIGN_BAZ");
+  import_foo_ = pool->FindEnumValueByName(import_package + ".IMPORT_FOO");
+  import_bar_ = pool->FindEnumValueByName(import_package + ".IMPORT_BAR");
+  import_baz_ = pool->FindEnumValueByName(import_package + ".IMPORT_BAZ");
+
+  if (base_descriptor_->name() == "TestAllExtensions") {
+    group_a_ = pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".OptionalGroup_extension.a");
+    repeated_group_a_ =
+        pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".RepeatedGroup_extension.a");
+  } else {
+    group_a_ = pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestAllTypes.OptionalGroup.a");
+    repeated_group_a_ =
+        pool->FindFieldByName(package + ".TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup.a");
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(group_a_ != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(repeated_group_a_ != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nested_b_ != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foreign_c_ != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(import_d_ != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(import_e_ != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nested_foo_ != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nested_bar_ != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nested_baz_ != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foreign_foo_ != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foreign_bar_ != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(foreign_baz_ != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(import_foo_ != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(import_bar_ != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(import_baz_ != nullptr);
+}
+
+// Shorthand to get a FieldDescriptor for a field of TestAllTypes.
+inline const FieldDescriptor* TestUtil::ReflectionTester::F(
+    const std::string& name) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* result = nullptr;
+  if (base_descriptor_->name() == "TestAllExtensions" ||
+      base_descriptor_->name() == "TestPackedExtensions") {
+    result = base_descriptor_->file()->FindExtensionByName(name + "_extension");
+  } else {
+    result = base_descriptor_->FindFieldByName(name);
+  }
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(result != nullptr);
+  return result;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::SetAllFieldsViaReflection(
+    Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  Message* sub_message;
+
+  reflection->SetInt32(message, F("optional_int32"), 101);
+  reflection->SetInt64(message, F("optional_int64"), 102);
+  reflection->SetUInt32(message, F("optional_uint32"), 103);
+  reflection->SetUInt64(message, F("optional_uint64"), 104);
+  reflection->SetInt32(message, F("optional_sint32"), 105);
+  reflection->SetInt64(message, F("optional_sint64"), 106);
+  reflection->SetUInt32(message, F("optional_fixed32"), 107);
+  reflection->SetUInt64(message, F("optional_fixed64"), 108);
+  reflection->SetInt32(message, F("optional_sfixed32"), 109);
+  reflection->SetInt64(message, F("optional_sfixed64"), 110);
+  reflection->SetFloat(message, F("optional_float"), 111);
+  reflection->SetDouble(message, F("optional_double"), 112);
+  reflection->SetBool(message, F("optional_bool"), true);
+  reflection->SetString(message, F("optional_string"), "115");
+  reflection->SetString(message, F("optional_bytes"), "116");
+
+  sub_message = reflection->MutableMessage(message, F("optionalgroup"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, group_a_, 117);
+  sub_message =
+      reflection->MutableMessage(message, F("optional_nested_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 118);
+  sub_message =
+      reflection->MutableMessage(message, F("optional_foreign_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, foreign_c_, 119);
+  sub_message =
+      reflection->MutableMessage(message, F("optional_import_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, import_d_, 120);
+
+  reflection->SetEnum(message, F("optional_nested_enum"), nested_baz_);
+  reflection->SetEnum(message, F("optional_foreign_enum"), foreign_baz_);
+  reflection->SetEnum(message, F("optional_import_enum"), import_baz_);
+
+  reflection->SetString(message, F("optional_string_piece"), "124");
+  reflection->SetString(message, F("optional_cord"), "125");
+
+  sub_message =
+      reflection->MutableMessage(message, F("optional_public_import_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, import_e_, 126);
+
+  sub_message = reflection->MutableMessage(message, F("optional_lazy_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 127);
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  reflection->AddInt32(message, F("repeated_int32"), 201);
+  reflection->AddInt64(message, F("repeated_int64"), 202);
+  reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("repeated_uint32"), 203);
+  reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("repeated_uint64"), 204);
+  reflection->AddInt32(message, F("repeated_sint32"), 205);
+  reflection->AddInt64(message, F("repeated_sint64"), 206);
+  reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("repeated_fixed32"), 207);
+  reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("repeated_fixed64"), 208);
+  reflection->AddInt32(message, F("repeated_sfixed32"), 209);
+  reflection->AddInt64(message, F("repeated_sfixed64"), 210);
+  reflection->AddFloat(message, F("repeated_float"), 211);
+  reflection->AddDouble(message, F("repeated_double"), 212);
+  reflection->AddBool(message, F("repeated_bool"), true);
+  reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_string"), "215");
+  reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_bytes"), "216");
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeatedgroup"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, repeated_group_a_, 217);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_nested_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 218);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_foreign_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, foreign_c_, 219);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_import_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, import_d_, 220);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_lazy_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 227);
+
+  reflection->AddEnum(message, F("repeated_nested_enum"), nested_bar_);
+  reflection->AddEnum(message, F("repeated_foreign_enum"), foreign_bar_);
+  reflection->AddEnum(message, F("repeated_import_enum"), import_bar_);
+
+  reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_string_piece"), "224");
+  reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_cord"), "225");
+
+  // Add a second one of each field.
+  reflection->AddInt32(message, F("repeated_int32"), 301);
+  reflection->AddInt64(message, F("repeated_int64"), 302);
+  reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("repeated_uint32"), 303);
+  reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("repeated_uint64"), 304);
+  reflection->AddInt32(message, F("repeated_sint32"), 305);
+  reflection->AddInt64(message, F("repeated_sint64"), 306);
+  reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("repeated_fixed32"), 307);
+  reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("repeated_fixed64"), 308);
+  reflection->AddInt32(message, F("repeated_sfixed32"), 309);
+  reflection->AddInt64(message, F("repeated_sfixed64"), 310);
+  reflection->AddFloat(message, F("repeated_float"), 311);
+  reflection->AddDouble(message, F("repeated_double"), 312);
+  reflection->AddBool(message, F("repeated_bool"), false);
+  reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_string"), "315");
+  reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_bytes"), "316");
+
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeatedgroup"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, repeated_group_a_, 317);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_nested_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 318);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_foreign_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, foreign_c_, 319);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_import_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, import_d_, 320);
+  sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("repeated_lazy_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 327);
+
+  reflection->AddEnum(message, F("repeated_nested_enum"), nested_baz_);
+  reflection->AddEnum(message, F("repeated_foreign_enum"), foreign_baz_);
+  reflection->AddEnum(message, F("repeated_import_enum"), import_baz_);
+
+  reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_string_piece"), "324");
+  reflection->AddString(message, F("repeated_cord"), "325");
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  reflection->SetInt32(message, F("default_int32"), 401);
+  reflection->SetInt64(message, F("default_int64"), 402);
+  reflection->SetUInt32(message, F("default_uint32"), 403);
+  reflection->SetUInt64(message, F("default_uint64"), 404);
+  reflection->SetInt32(message, F("default_sint32"), 405);
+  reflection->SetInt64(message, F("default_sint64"), 406);
+  reflection->SetUInt32(message, F("default_fixed32"), 407);
+  reflection->SetUInt64(message, F("default_fixed64"), 408);
+  reflection->SetInt32(message, F("default_sfixed32"), 409);
+  reflection->SetInt64(message, F("default_sfixed64"), 410);
+  reflection->SetFloat(message, F("default_float"), 411);
+  reflection->SetDouble(message, F("default_double"), 412);
+  reflection->SetBool(message, F("default_bool"), false);
+  reflection->SetString(message, F("default_string"), "415");
+  reflection->SetString(message, F("default_bytes"), "416");
+
+  reflection->SetEnum(message, F("default_nested_enum"), nested_foo_);
+  reflection->SetEnum(message, F("default_foreign_enum"), foreign_foo_);
+  reflection->SetEnum(message, F("default_import_enum"), import_foo_);
+
+  reflection->SetString(message, F("default_string_piece"), "424");
+  reflection->SetString(message, F("default_cord"), "425");
+
+  reflection->SetUInt32(message, F("oneof_uint32"), 601);
+  sub_message = reflection->MutableMessage(message, F("oneof_nested_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 602);
+  reflection->SetString(message, F("oneof_string"), "603");
+  reflection->SetString(message, F("oneof_bytes"), "604");
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::SetOneofViaReflection(
+    Message* message) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message->GetDescriptor();
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  Message* sub_message = reflection->MutableMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt64(
+      sub_message, sub_message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("qux_int"),
+      100);
+
+  reflection->SetString(message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_cord"),
+                        "101");
+  reflection->SetInt32(message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("baz_int"), 102);
+  reflection->SetString(message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("baz_string"),
+                        "103");
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectOneofSetViaReflection(
+    const Message& message) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  std::string scratch;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      reflection->HasField(message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_cord")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      reflection->HasField(message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("baz_int")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      reflection->HasField(message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("baz_string")));
+
+  const Message* sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(
+      message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("foo_lazy_message"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt64(
+                     *sub_message,
+                     sub_message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("qux_int")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("101", reflection->GetString(
+                       message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_cord")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("101",
+            reflection->GetStringReference(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("bar_cord"), &scratch));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(102, reflection->GetInt32(message,
+                                      descriptor->FindFieldByName("baz_int")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("103", reflection->GetString(
+                       message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("baz_string")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("103",
+            reflection->GetStringReference(
+                message, descriptor->FindFieldByName("baz_string"), &scratch));
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::SetPackedFieldsViaReflection(
+    Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  reflection->AddInt32(message, F("packed_int32"), 601);
+  reflection->AddInt64(message, F("packed_int64"), 602);
+  reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("packed_uint32"), 603);
+  reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("packed_uint64"), 604);
+  reflection->AddInt32(message, F("packed_sint32"), 605);
+  reflection->AddInt64(message, F("packed_sint64"), 606);
+  reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("packed_fixed32"), 607);
+  reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("packed_fixed64"), 608);
+  reflection->AddInt32(message, F("packed_sfixed32"), 609);
+  reflection->AddInt64(message, F("packed_sfixed64"), 610);
+  reflection->AddFloat(message, F("packed_float"), 611);
+  reflection->AddDouble(message, F("packed_double"), 612);
+  reflection->AddBool(message, F("packed_bool"), true);
+  reflection->AddEnum(message, F("packed_enum"), foreign_bar_);
+
+  reflection->AddInt32(message, F("packed_int32"), 701);
+  reflection->AddInt64(message, F("packed_int64"), 702);
+  reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("packed_uint32"), 703);
+  reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("packed_uint64"), 704);
+  reflection->AddInt32(message, F("packed_sint32"), 705);
+  reflection->AddInt64(message, F("packed_sint64"), 706);
+  reflection->AddUInt32(message, F("packed_fixed32"), 707);
+  reflection->AddUInt64(message, F("packed_fixed64"), 708);
+  reflection->AddInt32(message, F("packed_sfixed32"), 709);
+  reflection->AddInt64(message, F("packed_sfixed64"), 710);
+  reflection->AddFloat(message, F("packed_float"), 711);
+  reflection->AddDouble(message, F("packed_double"), 712);
+  reflection->AddBool(message, F("packed_bool"), false);
+  reflection->AddEnum(message, F("packed_enum"), foreign_baz_);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection(
+    const Message& message) {
+  // We have to split this into three function otherwise it creates a stack
+  // frame so large that it triggers a warning.
+  ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection1(message);
+  ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection2(message);
+  ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection3(message);
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection1(
+    const Message& message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  std::string scratch;
+  const Message* sub_message;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_int32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_int64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_uint32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_uint64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sint32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sint64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_fixed32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_fixed64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sfixed32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sfixed64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_float")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_double")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_bool")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_string")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_bytes")));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optionalgroup")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_nested_message")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_foreign_message")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_import_message")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_public_import_message")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_lazy_message")));
+
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optionalgroup"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, group_a_));
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_nested_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, nested_b_));
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_foreign_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, foreign_c_));
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_import_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, import_d_));
+  sub_message =
+      &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_public_import_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, import_e_));
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_lazy_message"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, nested_b_));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_nested_enum")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_foreign_enum")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_import_enum")));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_string_piece")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_cord")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(101, reflection->GetInt32(message, F("optional_int32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(102, reflection->GetInt64(message, F("optional_int64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(103, reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("optional_uint32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(104, reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("optional_uint64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(105, reflection->GetInt32(message, F("optional_sint32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(106, reflection->GetInt64(message, F("optional_sint64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(107, reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("optional_fixed32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(108, reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("optional_fixed64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(109, reflection->GetInt32(message, F("optional_sfixed32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(110, reflection->GetInt64(message, F("optional_sfixed64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(111, reflection->GetFloat(message, F("optional_float")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(112, reflection->GetDouble(message, F("optional_double")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->GetBool(message, F("optional_bool")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("115", reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_string")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("116", reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_bytes")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("115", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_string"),
+                                                  &scratch));
+  EXPECT_EQ("116", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_bytes"),
+                                                  &scratch));
+
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optionalgroup"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(117,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, group_a_));
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_nested_message"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(118,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_foreign_message"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(119,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, foreign_c_));
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_import_message"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(120,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, import_d_));
+  sub_message =
+      &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_public_import_message"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(126,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, import_e_));
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_lazy_message"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(127,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested_baz_,
+            reflection->GetEnum(message, F("optional_nested_enum")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foreign_baz_,
+            reflection->GetEnum(message, F("optional_foreign_enum")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(import_baz_,
+            reflection->GetEnum(message, F("optional_import_enum")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("124", reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_string_piece")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("124", reflection->GetStringReference(
+                       message, F("optional_string_piece"), &scratch));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("125", reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_cord")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("125", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_cord"),
+                                                  &scratch));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("oneof_bytes")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("604", reflection->GetString(message, F("oneof_bytes")));
+
+  if (base_descriptor_->name() == "TestAllTypes") {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("oneof_uint32")));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("oneof_string")));
+  } else {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("oneof_uint32")));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("oneof_string")));
+    EXPECT_EQ(601, reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("oneof_uint32")));
+    EXPECT_EQ("603", reflection->GetString(message, F("oneof_string")));
+    sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("oneof_nested_message"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(602,
+              sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
+  }
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection2(
+    const Message& message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  std::string scratch;
+  const Message* sub_message;
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_int32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_int64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_uint32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_uint64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sint32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sint64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_fixed32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_fixed64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sfixed32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sfixed64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_float")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_double")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_bool")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_string")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_bytes")));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeatedgroup")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_nested_message")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_foreign_message")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_import_message")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_lazy_message")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_nested_enum")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_foreign_enum")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_import_enum")));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_string_piece")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_cord")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(201, reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(message, F("repeated_int32"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(202, reflection->GetRepeatedInt64(message, F("repeated_int64"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(203,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("repeated_uint32"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(204,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("repeated_uint64"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(205,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(message, F("repeated_sint32"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(206,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedInt64(message, F("repeated_sint64"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(207,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("repeated_fixed32"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(208,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("repeated_fixed64"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(209,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(message, F("repeated_sfixed32"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(210,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedInt64(message, F("repeated_sfixed64"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(211, reflection->GetRepeatedFloat(message, F("repeated_float"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(212,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedDouble(message, F("repeated_double"), 0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->GetRepeatedBool(message, F("repeated_bool"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("215",
+            reflection->GetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_string"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("216",
+            reflection->GetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_bytes"), 0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("215", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(
+                       message, F("repeated_string"), 0, &scratch));
+  EXPECT_EQ("216", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(
+                       message, F("repeated_bytes"), 0, &scratch));
+
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeatedgroup"), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(217, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message,
+                                                        repeated_group_a_));
+  sub_message =
+      &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_nested_message"), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(218,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, F("repeated_foreign_message"), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(219,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, foreign_c_));
+  sub_message =
+      &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_import_message"), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(220,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, import_d_));
+  sub_message =
+      &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_lazy_message"), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(227,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested_bar_,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_nested_enum"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foreign_bar_, reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(
+                              message, F("repeated_foreign_enum"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(import_bar_,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_import_enum"), 0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("224", reflection->GetRepeatedString(
+                       message, F("repeated_string_piece"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("224", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(
+                       message, F("repeated_string_piece"), 0, &scratch));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("225",
+            reflection->GetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_cord"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("225", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(
+                       message, F("repeated_cord"), 0, &scratch));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(301, reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(message, F("repeated_int32"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(302, reflection->GetRepeatedInt64(message, F("repeated_int64"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(303,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("repeated_uint32"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(304,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("repeated_uint64"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(305,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(message, F("repeated_sint32"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(306,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedInt64(message, F("repeated_sint64"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(307,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("repeated_fixed32"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(308,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("repeated_fixed64"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(309,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(message, F("repeated_sfixed32"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(310,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedInt64(message, F("repeated_sfixed64"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(311, reflection->GetRepeatedFloat(message, F("repeated_float"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(312,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedDouble(message, F("repeated_double"), 1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->GetRepeatedBool(message, F("repeated_bool"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("315",
+            reflection->GetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_string"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("316",
+            reflection->GetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_bytes"), 1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("315", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(
+                       message, F("repeated_string"), 1, &scratch));
+  EXPECT_EQ("316", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(
+                       message, F("repeated_bytes"), 1, &scratch));
+
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeatedgroup"), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(317, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message,
+                                                        repeated_group_a_));
+  sub_message =
+      &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_nested_message"), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(318,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(
+      message, F("repeated_foreign_message"), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(319,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, foreign_c_));
+  sub_message =
+      &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_import_message"), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(320,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, import_d_));
+  sub_message =
+      &reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeated_lazy_message"), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(327,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested_baz_,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_nested_enum"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foreign_baz_, reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(
+                              message, F("repeated_foreign_enum"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(import_baz_,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_import_enum"), 1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("324", reflection->GetRepeatedString(
+                       message, F("repeated_string_piece"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("324", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(
+                       message, F("repeated_string_piece"), 1, &scratch));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("325",
+            reflection->GetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_cord"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("325", reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(
+                       message, F("repeated_cord"), 1, &scratch));
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectAllFieldsSetViaReflection3(
+    const Message& message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  std::string scratch;
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_int32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_int64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_uint32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_uint64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sint32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sint64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_fixed32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_fixed64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sfixed32")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sfixed64")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_float")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_double")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_bool")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_string")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_bytes")));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_nested_enum")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_foreign_enum")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_import_enum")));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_string_piece")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_cord")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(401, reflection->GetInt32(message, F("default_int32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(402, reflection->GetInt64(message, F("default_int64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(403, reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("default_uint32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(404, reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("default_uint64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(405, reflection->GetInt32(message, F("default_sint32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(406, reflection->GetInt64(message, F("default_sint64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(407, reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("default_fixed32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(408, reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("default_fixed64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(409, reflection->GetInt32(message, F("default_sfixed32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(410, reflection->GetInt64(message, F("default_sfixed64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(411, reflection->GetFloat(message, F("default_float")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(412, reflection->GetDouble(message, F("default_double")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->GetBool(message, F("default_bool")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("415", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_string")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("416", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_bytes")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("415", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("default_string"),
+                                                  &scratch));
+  EXPECT_EQ("416", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("default_bytes"),
+                                                  &scratch));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested_foo_,
+            reflection->GetEnum(message, F("default_nested_enum")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foreign_foo_,
+            reflection->GetEnum(message, F("default_foreign_enum")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(import_foo_,
+            reflection->GetEnum(message, F("default_import_enum")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("424", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_string_piece")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("424", reflection->GetStringReference(
+                       message, F("default_string_piece"), &scratch));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("425", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_cord")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("425", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("default_cord"),
+                                                  &scratch));
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectPackedFieldsSetViaReflection(
+    const Message& message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_int32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_int64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_uint32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_uint64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_sint32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_sint64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_fixed32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_fixed64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_sfixed32")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_sfixed64")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_float")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_double")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_bool")));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("packed_enum")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(601, reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(message, F("packed_int32"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(602, reflection->GetRepeatedInt64(message, F("packed_int64"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(603, reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("packed_uint32"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(604, reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("packed_uint64"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(605, reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(message, F("packed_sint32"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(606, reflection->GetRepeatedInt64(message, F("packed_sint64"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(607,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("packed_fixed32"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(608,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("packed_fixed64"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(609,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(message, F("packed_sfixed32"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(610,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedInt64(message, F("packed_sfixed64"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(611, reflection->GetRepeatedFloat(message, F("packed_float"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(612, reflection->GetRepeatedDouble(message, F("packed_double"), 0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->GetRepeatedBool(message, F("packed_bool"), 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foreign_bar_,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, F("packed_enum"), 0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(701, reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(message, F("packed_int32"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(702, reflection->GetRepeatedInt64(message, F("packed_int64"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(703, reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("packed_uint32"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(704, reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("packed_uint64"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(705, reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(message, F("packed_sint32"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(706, reflection->GetRepeatedInt64(message, F("packed_sint64"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(707,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("packed_fixed32"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(708,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("packed_fixed64"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(709,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(message, F("packed_sfixed32"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(710,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedInt64(message, F("packed_sfixed64"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(711, reflection->GetRepeatedFloat(message, F("packed_float"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(712, reflection->GetRepeatedDouble(message, F("packed_double"), 1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->GetRepeatedBool(message, F("packed_bool"), 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foreign_baz_,
+            reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, F("packed_enum"), 1));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectClearViaReflection(
+    const Message& message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  std::string scratch;
+  const Message* sub_message;
+
+  // has_blah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_int32")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_int64")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_uint32")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_uint64")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sint32")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sint64")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_fixed32")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_fixed64")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sfixed32")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_sfixed64")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_float")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_double")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_bool")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_string")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_bytes")));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optionalgroup")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_nested_message")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_foreign_message")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_import_message")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_public_import_message")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_lazy_message")));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_nested_enum")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_foreign_enum")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_import_enum")));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_string_piece")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("optional_cord")));
+
+  // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->GetInt32(message, F("optional_int32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->GetInt64(message, F("optional_int64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("optional_uint32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("optional_uint64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->GetInt32(message, F("optional_sint32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->GetInt64(message, F("optional_sint64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("optional_fixed32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("optional_fixed64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->GetInt32(message, F("optional_sfixed32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->GetInt64(message, F("optional_sfixed64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->GetFloat(message, F("optional_float")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->GetDouble(message, F("optional_double")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->GetBool(message, F("optional_bool")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_string")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_bytes")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_string"),
+                                               &scratch));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_bytes"),
+                                               &scratch));
+
+  // Embedded messages should also be clear.
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optionalgroup"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, group_a_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, group_a_));
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_nested_message"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, nested_b_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_foreign_message"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, foreign_c_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, foreign_c_));
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_import_message"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, import_d_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, import_d_));
+  sub_message =
+      &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_public_import_message"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, import_e_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, import_e_));
+  sub_message = &reflection->GetMessage(message, F("optional_lazy_message"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(sub_message->GetReflection()->HasField(*sub_message, nested_b_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message, nested_b_));
+
+  // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested_foo_,
+            reflection->GetEnum(message, F("optional_nested_enum")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foreign_foo_,
+            reflection->GetEnum(message, F("optional_foreign_enum")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(import_foo_,
+            reflection->GetEnum(message, F("optional_import_enum")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_string_piece")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetStringReference(
+                    message, F("optional_string_piece"), &scratch));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetString(message, F("optional_cord")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("optional_cord"),
+                                               &scratch));
+
+  // Repeated fields are empty.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_int32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_int64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_uint32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_uint64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sint32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sint64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_fixed32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_fixed64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sfixed32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_sfixed64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_float")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_double")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_bool")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_string")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_bytes")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeatedgroup")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_nested_message")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_foreign_message")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_import_message")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_lazy_message")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_nested_enum")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_foreign_enum")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_import_enum")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_string_piece")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reflection->FieldSize(message, F("repeated_cord")));
+
+  // has_blah() should also be false for all default fields.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_int32")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_int64")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_uint32")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_uint64")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sint32")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sint64")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_fixed32")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_fixed64")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sfixed32")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_sfixed64")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_float")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_double")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_bool")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_string")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_bytes")));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_nested_enum")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_foreign_enum")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_import_enum")));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_string_piece")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(message, F("default_cord")));
+
+  // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+  EXPECT_EQ(41, reflection->GetInt32(message, F("default_int32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, reflection->GetInt64(message, F("default_int64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(43, reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("default_uint32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(44, reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("default_uint64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-45, reflection->GetInt32(message, F("default_sint32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(46, reflection->GetInt64(message, F("default_sint64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(47, reflection->GetUInt32(message, F("default_fixed32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(48, reflection->GetUInt64(message, F("default_fixed64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(49, reflection->GetInt32(message, F("default_sfixed32")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-50, reflection->GetInt64(message, F("default_sfixed64")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(51.5, reflection->GetFloat(message, F("default_float")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(52e3, reflection->GetDouble(message, F("default_double")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(reflection->GetBool(message, F("default_bool")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_string")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("world", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_bytes")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", reflection->GetStringReference(
+                         message, F("default_string"), &scratch));
+  EXPECT_EQ("world", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("default_bytes"),
+                                                    &scratch));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested_bar_,
+            reflection->GetEnum(message, F("default_nested_enum")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(foreign_bar_,
+            reflection->GetEnum(message, F("default_foreign_enum")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(import_bar_,
+            reflection->GetEnum(message, F("default_import_enum")));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("abc", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_string_piece")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("abc", reflection->GetStringReference(
+                       message, F("default_string_piece"), &scratch));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("123", reflection->GetString(message, F("default_cord")));
+  EXPECT_EQ("123", reflection->GetStringReference(message, F("default_cord"),
+                                                  &scratch));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ModifyRepeatedFieldsViaReflection(
+    Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  Message* sub_message;
+
+  reflection->SetRepeatedInt32(message, F("repeated_int32"), 1, 501);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedInt64(message, F("repeated_int64"), 1, 502);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("repeated_uint32"), 1, 503);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("repeated_uint64"), 1, 504);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedInt32(message, F("repeated_sint32"), 1, 505);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedInt64(message, F("repeated_sint64"), 1, 506);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedUInt32(message, F("repeated_fixed32"), 1, 507);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedUInt64(message, F("repeated_fixed64"), 1, 508);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedInt32(message, F("repeated_sfixed32"), 1, 509);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedInt64(message, F("repeated_sfixed64"), 1, 510);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedFloat(message, F("repeated_float"), 1, 511);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedDouble(message, F("repeated_double"), 1, 512);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedBool(message, F("repeated_bool"), 1, true);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_string"), 1, "515");
+  reflection->SetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_bytes"), 1, "516");
+
+  sub_message =
+      reflection->MutableRepeatedMessage(message, F("repeatedgroup"), 1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, repeated_group_a_, 517);
+  sub_message = reflection->MutableRepeatedMessage(
+      message, F("repeated_nested_message"), 1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 518);
+  sub_message = reflection->MutableRepeatedMessage(
+      message, F("repeated_foreign_message"), 1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, foreign_c_, 519);
+  sub_message = reflection->MutableRepeatedMessage(
+      message, F("repeated_import_message"), 1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, import_d_, 520);
+  sub_message = reflection->MutableRepeatedMessage(
+      message, F("repeated_lazy_message"), 1);
+  sub_message->GetReflection()->SetInt32(sub_message, nested_b_, 527);
+
+  reflection->SetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_nested_enum"), 1,
+                              nested_foo_);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_foreign_enum"), 1,
+                              foreign_foo_);
+  reflection->SetRepeatedEnum(message, F("repeated_import_enum"), 1,
+                              import_foo_);
+
+  reflection->SetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_string_piece"), 1, "524");
+  reflection->SetRepeatedString(message, F("repeated_cord"), 1, "525");
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::RemoveLastRepeatedsViaReflection(
+    Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> output;
+  reflection->ListFields(*message, &output);
+  for (int i = 0; i < output.size(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = output[i];
+    if (!field->is_repeated()) continue;
+
+    reflection->RemoveLast(message, field);
+  }
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ReleaseLastRepeatedsViaReflection(
+    Message* message, bool expect_extensions_notnull) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> output;
+  reflection->ListFields(*message, &output);
+  for (int i = 0; i < output.size(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = output[i];
+    if (!field->is_repeated()) continue;
+    if (field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) continue;
+
+    Message* released = reflection->ReleaseLast(message, field);
+    if (!field->is_extension() || expect_extensions_notnull) {
+      ASSERT_TRUE(released != nullptr)
+          << "ReleaseLast returned nullptr for: " << field->name();
+    }
+    delete released;
+  }
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::SwapRepeatedsViaReflection(
+    Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> output;
+  reflection->ListFields(*message, &output);
+  for (int i = 0; i < output.size(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = output[i];
+    if (!field->is_repeated()) continue;
+
+    reflection->SwapElements(message, field, 0, 1);
+  }
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::
+    SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToNullViaReflection(Message* message) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  reflection->ListFields(*message, &fields);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
+    if (!field->is_optional() ||
+        field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE)
+      continue;
+
+    reflection->SetAllocatedMessage(message, nullptr, field);
+  }
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::
+    SetAllocatedOptionalMessageFieldsToMessageViaReflection(
+        Message* from_message, Message* to_message) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(from_message->GetDescriptor(), to_message->GetDescriptor());
+  const Reflection* from_reflection = from_message->GetReflection();
+  const Reflection* to_reflection = to_message->GetReflection();
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  from_reflection->ListFields(*from_message, &fields);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
+    if (!field->is_optional() ||
+        field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE)
+      continue;
+
+    Message* sub_message = from_reflection->ReleaseMessage(from_message, field);
+    to_reflection->SetAllocatedMessage(to_message, sub_message, field);
+  }
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ReflectionTester::ExpectMessagesReleasedViaReflection(
+    Message* message,
+    TestUtil::ReflectionTester::MessageReleaseState expected_release_state) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  static const char* fields[] = {
+      "optionalgroup",
+      "optional_nested_message",
+      "optional_foreign_message",
+      "optional_import_message",
+  };
+  for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(fields); i++) {
+    const Message& sub_message = reflection->GetMessage(*message, F(fields[i]));
+    Message* released = reflection->ReleaseMessage(message, F(fields[i]));
+    switch (expected_release_state) {
+      case IS_NULL:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(released == nullptr);
+        break;
+      case NOT_NULL:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(released != nullptr);
+        if (message->GetArena() == nullptr) {
+          // released message must be same as sub_message if source message is
+          // not on arena.
+          EXPECT_EQ(&sub_message, released);
+        }
+        break;
+      case CAN_BE_NULL:
+        break;
+    }
+    delete released;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(reflection->HasField(*message, F(fields[i])));
+  }
+}
+
+// Check that the passed-in serialization is the canonical serialization we
+// expect for a TestFieldOrderings message filled in by
+// SetAllFieldsAndExtensions().
+inline void ExpectAllFieldsAndExtensionsInOrder(const std::string& serialized) {
+  // We set each field individually, serialize separately, and concatenate all
+  // the strings in canonical order to determine the expected serialization.
+  std::string expected;
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings message;
+  message.set_my_int(1);  // Field 1.
+  message.AppendToString(&expected);
+  message.Clear();
+  message.SetExtension(unittest::my_extension_int, 23);  // Field 5.
+  message.AppendToString(&expected);
+  message.Clear();
+  message.set_my_string("foo");  // Field 11.
+  message.AppendToString(&expected);
+  message.Clear();
+  message.SetExtension(unittest::my_extension_string, "bar");  // Field 50.
+  message.AppendToString(&expected);
+  message.Clear();
+  message.set_my_float(1.0);  // Field 101.
+  message.AppendToString(&expected);
+  message.Clear();
+
+  // We don't EXPECT_EQ() since we don't want to print raw bytes to stdout.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(serialized == expected);
+}
+
+}  // namespace TestUtil
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util.inc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util.inc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f1b147ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,2406 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file needs to be included as .inc as it depends on the namespaces
+// (unittest and unittest_import) being set up properly. It is also included
+// within an enclosing namespace and requires header files to be included
+// out of this file.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace TestUtil {
+
+// Set every field in the message to a unique value.
+inline void SetAllFields(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message);
+inline void SetOptionalFields(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message);
+inline void AddRepeatedFields1(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message);
+inline void AddRepeatedFields2(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message);
+inline void SetDefaultFields(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message);
+inline void SetOneofFields(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message);
+inline void SetAllExtensions(UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions* message);
+inline void SetOneofFields(UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions* message);
+inline void SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(UNITTEST::TestFieldOrderings* message);
+inline void SetPackedFields(UNITTEST::TestPackedTypes* message);
+inline void SetPackedExtensions(UNITTEST::TestPackedExtensions* message);
+inline void SetUnpackedFields(UNITTEST::TestUnpackedTypes* message);
+inline void SetOneof1(UNITTEST::TestOneof2* message);
+inline void SetOneof2(UNITTEST::TestOneof2* message);
+
+// Use the repeated versions of the set_*() accessors to modify all the
+// repeated fields of the message (which should already have been
+// initialized with Set*Fields()).  Set*Fields() itself only tests
+// the add_*() accessors.
+inline void ModifyRepeatedFields(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message);
+inline void ModifyRepeatedExtensions(UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions* message);
+
+// Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+// Set*Fields() is called.
+inline void ExpectAllFieldsSet(const UNITTEST::TestAllTypes& message);
+inline void ExpectAllExtensionsSet(const UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions& message);
+inline void ExpectPackedFieldsSet(const UNITTEST::TestPackedTypes& message);
+inline void ExpectPackedExtensionsSet(
+    const UNITTEST::TestPackedExtensions& message);
+inline void ExpectUnpackedFieldsSet(const UNITTEST::TestUnpackedTypes& message);
+inline void ExpectUnpackedExtensionsSet(
+    const UNITTEST::TestUnpackedExtensions& message);
+inline void ExpectOneofSet1(const UNITTEST::TestOneof2& message);
+inline void ExpectOneofSet2(const UNITTEST::TestOneof2& message);
+
+// Expect that the message is modified as would be expected from
+// Modify*Fields().
+inline void ExpectRepeatedFieldsModified(const UNITTEST::TestAllTypes& message);
+inline void ExpectRepeatedExtensionsModified(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions& message);
+
+// Check that all fields have their default values.
+inline void ExpectClear(const UNITTEST::TestAllTypes& message);
+inline void ExpectExtensionsClear(const UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions& message);
+inline void ExpectOneofClear(const UNITTEST::TestOneof2& message);
+
+// Check that all repeated fields have had their last elements removed.
+inline void ExpectLastRepeatedsRemoved(const UNITTEST::TestAllTypes& message);
+inline void ExpectLastRepeatedExtensionsRemoved(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions& message);
+inline void ExpectLastRepeatedsReleased(const UNITTEST::TestAllTypes& message);
+inline void ExpectLastRepeatedExtensionsReleased(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions& message);
+
+// Check that all repeated fields have had their first and last elements
+// swapped.
+inline void ExpectRepeatedsSwapped(const UNITTEST::TestAllTypes& message);
+inline void ExpectRepeatedExtensionsSwapped(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions& message);
+
+inline void ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(const UNITTEST::TestOneof2& message);
+
+}  // namespace TestUtil
+
+inline void TestUtil::SetAllFields(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message) {
+  SetOptionalFields(message);
+  AddRepeatedFields1(message);
+  AddRepeatedFields2(message);
+  SetDefaultFields(message);
+  SetOneofFields(message);
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::SetOptionalFields(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message) {
+  message->set_optional_int32(101);
+  message->set_optional_int64(102);
+  message->set_optional_uint32(103);
+  message->set_optional_uint64(104);
+  message->set_optional_sint32(105);
+  message->set_optional_sint64(106);
+  message->set_optional_fixed32(107);
+  message->set_optional_fixed64(108);
+  message->set_optional_sfixed32(109);
+  message->set_optional_sfixed64(110);
+  message->set_optional_float(111);
+  message->set_optional_double(112);
+  message->set_optional_bool(true);
+  message->set_optional_string("115");
+  message->set_optional_bytes("116");
+
+  message->mutable_optionalgroup()->set_a(117);
+  message->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(118);
+  message->mutable_optional_foreign_message()->set_c(119);
+  message->mutable_optional_import_message()->set_d(120);
+  message->mutable_optional_public_import_message()->set_e(126);
+  message->mutable_optional_lazy_message()->set_bb(127);
+
+  message->set_optional_nested_enum(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  message->set_optional_foreign_enum(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  message->set_optional_import_enum(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAZ);
+
+  // StringPiece and Cord fields are only accessible via reflection in the
+  // open source release; see comments in compiler/cpp/string_field.cc.
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+  message->GetReflection()->SetString(
+      message,
+      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("optional_string_piece"),
+      "124");
+  message->GetReflection()->SetString(
+      message, message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("optional_cord"),
+      "125");
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::AddRepeatedFields1(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message) {
+  message->add_repeated_int32(201);
+  message->add_repeated_int64(202);
+  message->add_repeated_uint32(203);
+  message->add_repeated_uint64(204);
+  message->add_repeated_sint32(205);
+  message->add_repeated_sint64(206);
+  message->add_repeated_fixed32(207);
+  message->add_repeated_fixed64(208);
+  message->add_repeated_sfixed32(209);
+  message->add_repeated_sfixed64(210);
+  message->add_repeated_float(211);
+  message->add_repeated_double(212);
+  message->add_repeated_bool(true);
+  message->add_repeated_string("215");
+  message->add_repeated_bytes("216");
+
+  message->add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(217);
+  message->add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(218);
+  message->add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(219);
+  message->add_repeated_import_message()->set_d(220);
+  message->add_repeated_lazy_message()->set_bb(227);
+
+  message->add_repeated_nested_enum(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR);
+  message->add_repeated_foreign_enum(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR);
+  message->add_repeated_import_enum(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAR);
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+  message->GetReflection()->AddString(
+      message,
+      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("repeated_string_piece"),
+      "224");
+  message->GetReflection()->AddString(
+      message, message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("repeated_cord"),
+      "225");
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::AddRepeatedFields2(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message) {
+  // Add a second one of each field.
+  message->add_repeated_int32(301);
+  message->add_repeated_int64(302);
+  message->add_repeated_uint32(303);
+  message->add_repeated_uint64(304);
+  message->add_repeated_sint32(305);
+  message->add_repeated_sint64(306);
+  message->add_repeated_fixed32(307);
+  message->add_repeated_fixed64(308);
+  message->add_repeated_sfixed32(309);
+  message->add_repeated_sfixed64(310);
+  message->add_repeated_float(311);
+  message->add_repeated_double(312);
+  message->add_repeated_bool(false);
+  message->add_repeated_string("315");
+  message->add_repeated_bytes("316");
+
+  message->add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(317);
+  message->add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(318);
+  message->add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(319);
+  message->add_repeated_import_message()->set_d(320);
+  message->add_repeated_lazy_message()->set_bb(327);
+
+  message->add_repeated_nested_enum(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  message->add_repeated_foreign_enum(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  message->add_repeated_import_enum(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAZ);
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+  message->GetReflection()->AddString(
+      message,
+      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("repeated_string_piece"),
+      "324");
+  message->GetReflection()->AddString(
+      message, message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("repeated_cord"),
+      "325");
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::SetDefaultFields(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message) {
+  message->set_default_int32(401);
+  message->set_default_int64(402);
+  message->set_default_uint32(403);
+  message->set_default_uint64(404);
+  message->set_default_sint32(405);
+  message->set_default_sint64(406);
+  message->set_default_fixed32(407);
+  message->set_default_fixed64(408);
+  message->set_default_sfixed32(409);
+  message->set_default_sfixed64(410);
+  message->set_default_float(411);
+  message->set_default_double(412);
+  message->set_default_bool(false);
+  message->set_default_string("415");
+  message->set_default_bytes("416");
+
+  message->set_default_nested_enum(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO);
+  message->set_default_foreign_enum(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_FOO);
+  message->set_default_import_enum(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_FOO);
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+  message->GetReflection()->SetString(
+      message,
+      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("default_string_piece"), "424");
+  message->GetReflection()->SetString(
+      message, message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("default_cord"),
+      "425");
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ModifyRepeatedFields(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message) {
+  message->set_repeated_int32(1, 501);
+  message->set_repeated_int64(1, 502);
+  message->set_repeated_uint32(1, 503);
+  message->set_repeated_uint64(1, 504);
+  message->set_repeated_sint32(1, 505);
+  message->set_repeated_sint64(1, 506);
+  message->set_repeated_fixed32(1, 507);
+  message->set_repeated_fixed64(1, 508);
+  message->set_repeated_sfixed32(1, 509);
+  message->set_repeated_sfixed64(1, 510);
+  message->set_repeated_float(1, 511);
+  message->set_repeated_double(1, 512);
+  message->set_repeated_bool(1, true);
+  message->set_repeated_string(1, "515");
+  message->set_repeated_bytes(1, "516");
+
+  message->mutable_repeatedgroup(1)->set_a(517);
+  message->mutable_repeated_nested_message(1)->set_bb(518);
+  message->mutable_repeated_foreign_message(1)->set_c(519);
+  message->mutable_repeated_import_message(1)->set_d(520);
+  message->mutable_repeated_lazy_message(1)->set_bb(527);
+
+  message->set_repeated_nested_enum(1, UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO);
+  message->set_repeated_foreign_enum(1, UNITTEST::FOREIGN_FOO);
+  message->set_repeated_import_enum(1, UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_FOO);
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+  message->GetReflection()->SetRepeatedString(
+      message,
+      message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("repeated_string_piece"), 1,
+      "524");
+  message->GetReflection()->SetRepeatedString(
+      message, message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("repeated_cord"), 1,
+      "525");
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+}
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------
+inline void TestUtil::SetOneofFields(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes* message) {
+  message->set_oneof_uint32(601);
+  message->mutable_oneof_nested_message()->set_bb(602);
+  message->set_oneof_string("603");
+  message->set_oneof_bytes("604");
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllTypes& message) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_int64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_uint32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_uint64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_sint32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_sint64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_float());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_double());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_bool());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_string());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optionalgroup());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_foreign_message());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_import_message());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_public_import_message());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_lazy_message());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.optionalgroup().has_a());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_nested_message().has_bb());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_foreign_message().has_c());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_import_message().has_d());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_public_import_message().has_e());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_lazy_message().has_bb());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_import_enum());
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_string_piece());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_cord());
+#endif
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(101, message.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(102, message.optional_int64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(103, message.optional_uint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(104, message.optional_uint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(105, message.optional_sint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(106, message.optional_sint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(107, message.optional_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(108, message.optional_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(109, message.optional_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(110, message.optional_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(111, message.optional_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(112, message.optional_double());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_bool());
+  EXPECT_EQ("115", message.optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("116", message.optional_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(117, message.optionalgroup().a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(118, message.optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(119, message.optional_foreign_message().c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(120, message.optional_import_message().d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(126, message.optional_public_import_message().e());
+  EXPECT_EQ(127, message.optional_lazy_message().bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ, message.optional_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ, message.optional_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAZ, message.optional_import_enum());
+
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_float_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_double_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bool_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_string_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bytes_size());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeatedgroup_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_lazy_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_enum_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_enum_size());
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_string_piece_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_cord_size());
+#endif
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(201, message.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(202, message.repeated_int64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(203, message.repeated_uint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(204, message.repeated_uint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(205, message.repeated_sint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(206, message.repeated_sint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(207, message.repeated_fixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(208, message.repeated_fixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(209, message.repeated_sfixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(210, message.repeated_sfixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(211, message.repeated_float(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(212, message.repeated_double(0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.repeated_bool(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("215", message.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("216", message.repeated_bytes(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(217, message.repeatedgroup(0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(218, message.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(219, message.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message(0).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(227, message.repeated_lazy_message(0).bb());
+
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR, message.repeated_foreign_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAR, message.repeated_import_enum(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(301, message.repeated_int32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(302, message.repeated_int64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(303, message.repeated_uint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(304, message.repeated_uint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(305, message.repeated_sint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(306, message.repeated_sint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(307, message.repeated_fixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(308, message.repeated_fixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(309, message.repeated_sfixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(310, message.repeated_sfixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(311, message.repeated_float(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(312, message.repeated_double(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.repeated_bool(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("315", message.repeated_string(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("316", message.repeated_bytes(1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(317, message.repeatedgroup(1).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(318, message.repeated_nested_message(1).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(319, message.repeated_foreign_message(1).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(320, message.repeated_import_message(1).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(327, message.repeated_lazy_message(1).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ, message.repeated_nested_enum(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ, message.repeated_foreign_enum(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAZ, message.repeated_import_enum(1));
+
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_int32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_int64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_uint32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_uint64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_sint32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_sint64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_float());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_double());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_bool());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_string());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_import_enum());
+
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(401, message.default_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(402, message.default_int64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(403, message.default_uint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(404, message.default_uint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(405, message.default_sint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(406, message.default_sint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(407, message.default_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(408, message.default_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(409, message.default_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(410, message.default_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(411, message.default_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(412, message.default_double());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.default_bool());
+  EXPECT_EQ("415", message.default_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("416", message.default_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO, message.default_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_FOO, message.default_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_FOO, message.default_import_enum());
+
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_uint32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_string());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_oneof_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("604", message.oneof_bytes());
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectClear(const UNITTEST::TestAllTypes& message) {
+  // has_blah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_int64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_uint32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_uint64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_sint32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_sint64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_float());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_double());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_bool());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optionalgroup());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_foreign_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_import_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_public_import_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_lazy_message());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_import_enum());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_string_piece());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_cord());
+
+  // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_int64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_uint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_uint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_sint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_sint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_double());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_bool());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.optional_bytes());
+
+  // Embedded messages should also be clear.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.optionalgroup().has_a());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_nested_message().has_bb());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_foreign_message().has_c());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_import_message().has_d());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_public_import_message().has_e());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_lazy_message().has_bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optionalgroup().a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_foreign_message().c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_import_message().d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_public_import_message().e());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_lazy_message().bb());
+
+  // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO, message.optional_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_FOO, message.optional_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_FOO, message.optional_import_enum());
+
+
+  // Repeated fields are empty.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_int64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_uint32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_uint64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_sint32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_sint64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_fixed32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_fixed64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_sfixed32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_sfixed64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_float_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_double_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_bool_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_bytes_size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeatedgroup_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_import_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_lazy_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_foreign_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_import_enum_size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_string_piece_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_cord_size());
+
+  // has_blah() should also be false for all default fields.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_int32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_int64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_uint32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_uint64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_sint32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_sint64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_float());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_double());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_bool());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_import_enum());
+
+
+  // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+  EXPECT_EQ(41, message.default_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, message.default_int64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(43, message.default_uint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(44, message.default_uint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(-45, message.default_sint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(46, message.default_sint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(47, message.default_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(48, message.default_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(49, message.default_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(-50, message.default_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(51.5, message.default_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(52e3, message.default_double());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.default_bool());
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", message.default_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("world", message.default_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.default_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR, message.default_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAR, message.default_import_enum());
+
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_uint32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_bytes());
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedFieldsModified(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllTypes& message) {
+  // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
+  // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
+  // element and size were *not* modified.
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_float_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_double_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bool_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_string_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bytes_size());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeatedgroup_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_lazy_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_enum_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_enum_size());
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_string_piece_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_cord_size());
+#endif
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(201, message.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(202, message.repeated_int64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(203, message.repeated_uint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(204, message.repeated_uint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(205, message.repeated_sint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(206, message.repeated_sint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(207, message.repeated_fixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(208, message.repeated_fixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(209, message.repeated_sfixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(210, message.repeated_sfixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(211, message.repeated_float(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(212, message.repeated_double(0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.repeated_bool(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("215", message.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("216", message.repeated_bytes(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(217, message.repeatedgroup(0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(218, message.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(219, message.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message(0).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(227, message.repeated_lazy_message(0).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR, message.repeated_foreign_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAR, message.repeated_import_enum(0));
+
+
+  // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+  EXPECT_EQ(501, message.repeated_int32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(502, message.repeated_int64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(503, message.repeated_uint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(504, message.repeated_uint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(505, message.repeated_sint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(506, message.repeated_sint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(507, message.repeated_fixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(508, message.repeated_fixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(509, message.repeated_sfixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(510, message.repeated_sfixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(511, message.repeated_float(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(512, message.repeated_double(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.repeated_bool(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("515", message.repeated_string(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("516", message.repeated_bytes(1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(517, message.repeatedgroup(1).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(518, message.repeated_nested_message(1).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(519, message.repeated_foreign_message(1).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(520, message.repeated_import_message(1).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(527, message.repeated_lazy_message(1).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO, message.repeated_nested_enum(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_FOO, message.repeated_foreign_enum(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_FOO, message.repeated_import_enum(1));
+
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::SetPackedFields(UNITTEST::TestPackedTypes* message) {
+  message->add_packed_int32(601);
+  message->add_packed_int64(602);
+  message->add_packed_uint32(603);
+  message->add_packed_uint64(604);
+  message->add_packed_sint32(605);
+  message->add_packed_sint64(606);
+  message->add_packed_fixed32(607);
+  message->add_packed_fixed64(608);
+  message->add_packed_sfixed32(609);
+  message->add_packed_sfixed64(610);
+  message->add_packed_float(611);
+  message->add_packed_double(612);
+  message->add_packed_bool(true);
+  message->add_packed_enum(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR);
+  // add a second one of each field
+  message->add_packed_int32(701);
+  message->add_packed_int64(702);
+  message->add_packed_uint32(703);
+  message->add_packed_uint64(704);
+  message->add_packed_sint32(705);
+  message->add_packed_sint64(706);
+  message->add_packed_fixed32(707);
+  message->add_packed_fixed64(708);
+  message->add_packed_sfixed32(709);
+  message->add_packed_sfixed64(710);
+  message->add_packed_float(711);
+  message->add_packed_double(712);
+  message->add_packed_bool(false);
+  message->add_packed_enum(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::SetUnpackedFields(UNITTEST::TestUnpackedTypes* message) {
+  // The values applied here must match those of SetPackedFields.
+
+  message->add_unpacked_int32(601);
+  message->add_unpacked_int64(602);
+  message->add_unpacked_uint32(603);
+  message->add_unpacked_uint64(604);
+  message->add_unpacked_sint32(605);
+  message->add_unpacked_sint64(606);
+  message->add_unpacked_fixed32(607);
+  message->add_unpacked_fixed64(608);
+  message->add_unpacked_sfixed32(609);
+  message->add_unpacked_sfixed64(610);
+  message->add_unpacked_float(611);
+  message->add_unpacked_double(612);
+  message->add_unpacked_bool(true);
+  message->add_unpacked_enum(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR);
+  // add a second one of each field
+  message->add_unpacked_int32(701);
+  message->add_unpacked_int64(702);
+  message->add_unpacked_uint32(703);
+  message->add_unpacked_uint64(704);
+  message->add_unpacked_sint32(705);
+  message->add_unpacked_sint64(706);
+  message->add_unpacked_fixed32(707);
+  message->add_unpacked_fixed64(708);
+  message->add_unpacked_sfixed32(709);
+  message->add_unpacked_sfixed64(710);
+  message->add_unpacked_float(711);
+  message->add_unpacked_double(712);
+  message->add_unpacked_bool(false);
+  message->add_unpacked_enum(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(
+    const UNITTEST::TestPackedTypes& message) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_int32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_int64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_uint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_uint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_fixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_fixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sfixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sfixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_float_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_double_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_bool_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_enum_size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(601, message.packed_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(602, message.packed_int64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(603, message.packed_uint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(604, message.packed_uint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(605, message.packed_sint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(606, message.packed_sint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(607, message.packed_fixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(608, message.packed_fixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(609, message.packed_sfixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(610, message.packed_sfixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(611, message.packed_float(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(612, message.packed_double(0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.packed_bool(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR, message.packed_enum(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(701, message.packed_int32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(702, message.packed_int64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(703, message.packed_uint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(704, message.packed_uint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(705, message.packed_sint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(706, message.packed_sint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(707, message.packed_fixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(708, message.packed_fixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(709, message.packed_sfixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(710, message.packed_sfixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(711, message.packed_float(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(712, message.packed_double(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.packed_bool(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ, message.packed_enum(1));
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectUnpackedFieldsSet(
+    const UNITTEST::TestUnpackedTypes& message) {
+  // The values expected here must match those of ExpectPackedFieldsSet.
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_int32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_int64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_uint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_uint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_sint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_sint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_fixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_fixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_sfixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_sfixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_float_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_double_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_bool_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.unpacked_enum_size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(601, message.unpacked_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(602, message.unpacked_int64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(603, message.unpacked_uint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(604, message.unpacked_uint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(605, message.unpacked_sint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(606, message.unpacked_sint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(607, message.unpacked_fixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(608, message.unpacked_fixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(609, message.unpacked_sfixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(610, message.unpacked_sfixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(611, message.unpacked_float(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(612, message.unpacked_double(0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.unpacked_bool(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR, message.unpacked_enum(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(701, message.unpacked_int32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(702, message.unpacked_int64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(703, message.unpacked_uint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(704, message.unpacked_uint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(705, message.unpacked_sint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(706, message.unpacked_sint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(707, message.unpacked_fixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(708, message.unpacked_fixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(709, message.unpacked_sfixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(710, message.unpacked_sfixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(711, message.unpacked_float(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(712, message.unpacked_double(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.unpacked_bool(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ, message.unpacked_enum(1));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Extensions
+//
+// All this code is exactly equivalent to the above code except that it's
+// manipulating extension fields instead of normal ones.
+
+inline void TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions* message) {
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_int32_extension, 101);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_int64_extension, 102);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_uint32_extension, 103);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_uint64_extension, 104);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sint32_extension, 105);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sint64_extension, 106);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_fixed32_extension, 107);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_fixed64_extension, 108);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sfixed32_extension, 109);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sfixed64_extension, 110);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_float_extension, 111);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_double_extension, 112);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_bool_extension, true);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_string_extension, "115");
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_bytes_extension, "116");
+
+  message->MutableExtension(UNITTEST::optionalgroup_extension)->set_a(117);
+  message->MutableExtension(UNITTEST::optional_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(118);
+  message->MutableExtension(UNITTEST::optional_foreign_message_extension)
+      ->set_c(119);
+  message->MutableExtension(UNITTEST::optional_import_message_extension)
+      ->set_d(120);
+
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_nested_enum_extension,
+                        UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_foreign_enum_extension,
+                        UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_import_enum_extension,
+                        UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAZ);
+
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_string_piece_extension, "124");
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_cord_extension, "125");
+
+  message->MutableExtension(UNITTEST::optional_public_import_message_extension)
+      ->set_e(126);
+  message->MutableExtension(UNITTEST::optional_lazy_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(127);
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension, 201);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension, 202);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension, 203);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension, 204);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension, 205);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension, 206);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension, 207);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension, 208);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 209);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 210);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension, 211);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension, 212);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension, true);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension, "215");
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension, "216");
+
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension)->set_a(217);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(218);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension)
+      ->set_c(219);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension)
+      ->set_d(220);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension)->set_bb(227);
+
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension,
+                        UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension,
+                        UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension,
+                        UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAR);
+
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension, "224");
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension, "225");
+
+  // Add a second one of each field.
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension, 301);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension, 302);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension, 303);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension, 304);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension, 305);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension, 306);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension, 307);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension, 308);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 309);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 310);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension, 311);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension, 312);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension, false);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension, "315");
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension, "316");
+
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension)->set_a(317);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(318);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension)
+      ->set_c(319);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension)
+      ->set_d(320);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension)->set_bb(327);
+
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension,
+                        UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension,
+                        UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension,
+                        UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAZ);
+
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension, "324");
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension, "325");
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_int32_extension, 401);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_int64_extension, 402);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_uint32_extension, 403);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_uint64_extension, 404);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_sint32_extension, 405);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_sint64_extension, 406);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_fixed32_extension, 407);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_fixed64_extension, 408);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_sfixed32_extension, 409);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_sfixed64_extension, 410);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_float_extension, 411);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_double_extension, 412);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_bool_extension, false);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_string_extension, "415");
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_bytes_extension, "416");
+
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_nested_enum_extension,
+                        UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_foreign_enum_extension,
+                        UNITTEST::FOREIGN_FOO);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_import_enum_extension,
+                        UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_FOO);
+
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_string_piece_extension, "424");
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::default_cord_extension, "425");
+
+  SetOneofFields(message);
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::SetOneofFields(UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions* message) {
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_uint32_extension, 601);
+  message->MutableExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(602);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_string_extension, "603");
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_bytes_extension, "604");
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(
+    UNITTEST::TestFieldOrderings* message) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(message);
+  message->set_my_int(1);
+  message->set_my_string("foo");
+  message->set_my_float(1.0);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::my_extension_int, 23);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::my_extension_string, "bar");
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ModifyRepeatedExtensions(
+    UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions* message) {
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension, 1, 501);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension, 1, 502);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension, 1, 503);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension, 1, 504);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension, 1, 505);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension, 1, 506);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension, 1, 507);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension, 1, 508);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 1, 509);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 1, 510);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension, 1, 511);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension, 1, 512);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension, 1, true);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension, 1, "515");
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension, 1, "516");
+
+  message->MutableExtension(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension, 1)->set_a(517);
+  message->MutableExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension, 1)
+      ->set_bb(518);
+  message->MutableExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 1)
+      ->set_c(519);
+  message->MutableExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension, 1)
+      ->set_d(520);
+  message->MutableExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension, 1)
+      ->set_bb(527);
+
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension, 1,
+                        UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 1,
+                        UNITTEST::FOREIGN_FOO);
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension, 1,
+                        UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_FOO);
+
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension, 1, "524");
+  message->SetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension, 1, "525");
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions& message) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_int32_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_int64_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_uint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_uint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_fixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_fixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sfixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sfixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_float_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_double_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_bool_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_string_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_bytes_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optionalgroup_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_nested_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_import_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_public_import_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_lazy_message_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optionalgroup_extension).has_a());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_nested_message_extension)
+                  .has_bb());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_foreign_message_extension)
+                  .has_c());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_import_message_extension)
+                  .has_d());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_public_import_message_extension)
+          .has_e());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_lazy_message_extension).has_bb());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_nested_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_foreign_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_import_enum_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_string_piece_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_cord_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(101, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_int32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(102, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_int64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(103, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_uint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(104, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_uint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(105, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(106, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(107, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_fixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(108, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_fixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(109, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sfixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(110, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sfixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(111, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_float_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(112, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_double_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_bool_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("115", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_string_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("116", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_bytes_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(117, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optionalgroup_extension).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      118,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_nested_message_extension).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      119,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_foreign_message_extension).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      120,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_import_message_extension).d());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_nested_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_foreign_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAZ,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_import_enum_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("124",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_string_piece_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("125", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_cord_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      126,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_public_import_message_extension)
+          .e());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      127,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_lazy_message_extension).bb());
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(201, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(202, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(203, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(204, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(205, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(206, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(207, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(208, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(209,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(210,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(211, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(212, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("215",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("216", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension, 0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(217,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension, 0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(218,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension, 0)
+                .bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      219, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 0)
+               .c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      220,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension, 0).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      227,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension, 0).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension, 0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("224",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("225", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension, 0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(301, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(302, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(303, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(304, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(305, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(306, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(307, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(308, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(309,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(310,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(311, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(312, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("315",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("316", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension, 1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(317,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension, 1).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(318,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension, 1)
+                .bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      319, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 1)
+               .c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      320,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension, 1).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      327,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension, 1).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAZ,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension, 1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("324",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("325", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension, 1));
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_int32_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_int64_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_uint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_uint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_sint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_sint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_fixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_fixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_sfixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_sfixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_float_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_double_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_bool_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_string_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_bytes_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_nested_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_foreign_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_import_enum_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_string_piece_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_cord_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(401, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_int32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(402, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_int64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(403, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_uint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(404, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_uint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(405, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_sint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(406, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_sint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(407, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_fixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(408, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_fixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(409, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_sfixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(410, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_sfixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(411, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_float_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(412, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_double_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_bool_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("415", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_string_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("416", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_bytes_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_nested_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_FOO,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_foreign_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_FOO,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_import_enum_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("424",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_string_piece_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("425", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_cord_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_uint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_nested_message_extension).has_bb());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_string_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_bytes_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(601, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_uint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      602, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_nested_message_extension).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ("603", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_string_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("604", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_bytes_extension));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectExtensionsClear(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions& message) {
+  std::string serialized;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message.SerializeToString(&serialized));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", serialized);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ByteSizeLong());
+
+  // has_blah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_int32_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_int64_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_uint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_uint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_fixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_fixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sfixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sfixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_float_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_double_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_bool_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_string_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_bytes_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optionalgroup_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_nested_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_foreign_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_import_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_public_import_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_lazy_message_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_nested_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_foreign_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_import_enum_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_string_piece_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::optional_cord_extension));
+
+  // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_int32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_int64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_uint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_uint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_fixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_fixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sfixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_sfixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_float_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_double_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_bool_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_string_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_bytes_extension));
+
+  // Embedded messages should also be clear.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optionalgroup_extension).has_a());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_nested_message_extension)
+                   .has_bb());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_foreign_message_extension)
+          .has_c());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_import_message_extension)
+                   .has_d());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_public_import_message_extension)
+          .has_e());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_lazy_message_extension).has_bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optionalgroup_extension).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      0,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_nested_message_extension).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      0,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_foreign_message_extension).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_import_message_extension).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      0,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_public_import_message_extension)
+          .e());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      0, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_lazy_message_extension).bb());
+
+  // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_nested_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_FOO,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_foreign_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_FOO,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_import_enum_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_string_piece_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::optional_cord_extension));
+
+  // Repeated fields are empty.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension));
+
+  // has_blah() should also be false for all default fields.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_int32_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_int64_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_uint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_uint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_sint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_sint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_fixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_fixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_sfixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_sfixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_float_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_double_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_bool_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_string_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_bytes_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_nested_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_foreign_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_import_enum_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_string_piece_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::default_cord_extension));
+
+  // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+  EXPECT_EQ(41, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_int32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_int64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(43, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_uint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(44, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_uint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-45, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_sint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(46, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_sint64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(47, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_fixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(48, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_fixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(49, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_sfixed32_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-50, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_sfixed64_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(51.5, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_float_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(52e3, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_double_extension));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_bool_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_string_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("world", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_bytes_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_nested_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_foreign_enum_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_import_enum_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("abc",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_string_piece_extension));
+  EXPECT_EQ("123", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::default_cord_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_uint32_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_nested_message_extension).has_bb());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_string_extension));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(UNITTEST::oneof_bytes_extension));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedExtensionsModified(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions& message) {
+  // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
+  // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
+  // element and size were *not* modified.
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(201, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(202, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(203, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(204, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(205, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(206, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(207, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(208, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(209,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(210,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(211, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(212, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("215",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("216", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension, 0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(217,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension, 0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(218,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension, 0)
+                .bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      219, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 0)
+               .c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      220,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension, 0).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      227,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension, 0).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension, 0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("224",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("225", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension, 0));
+
+  // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+  EXPECT_EQ(501, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(502, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(503, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(504, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(505, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(506, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(507, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(508, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(509,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(510,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(511, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(512, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("515",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("516", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension, 1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(517,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension, 1).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(518,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension, 1)
+                .bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      519, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 1)
+               .c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      520,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension, 1).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      527,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension, 1).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::FOO,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_FOO,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_FOO,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension, 1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("524",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("525", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension, 1));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::SetPackedExtensions(
+    UNITTEST::TestPackedExtensions* message) {
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_int32_extension, 601);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_int64_extension, 602);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_uint32_extension, 603);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_uint64_extension, 604);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sint32_extension, 605);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sint64_extension, 606);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_fixed32_extension, 607);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_fixed64_extension, 608);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sfixed32_extension, 609);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sfixed64_extension, 610);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_float_extension, 611);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_double_extension, 612);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_bool_extension, true);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_enum_extension, UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR);
+  // add a second one of each field
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_int32_extension, 701);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_int64_extension, 702);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_uint32_extension, 703);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_uint64_extension, 704);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sint32_extension, 705);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sint64_extension, 706);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_fixed32_extension, 707);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_fixed64_extension, 708);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sfixed32_extension, 709);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sfixed64_extension, 710);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_float_extension, 711);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_double_extension, 712);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_bool_extension, false);
+  message->AddExtension(UNITTEST::packed_enum_extension, UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectPackedExtensionsSet(
+    const UNITTEST::TestPackedExtensions& message) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::packed_int32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::packed_int64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::packed_uint32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::packed_uint64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::packed_sint32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::packed_sint64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::packed_fixed32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::packed_fixed64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::packed_sfixed32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::packed_sfixed64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::packed_float_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::packed_double_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::packed_bool_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::packed_enum_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(601, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_int32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(602, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_int64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(603, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_uint32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(604, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_uint64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(605, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sint32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(606, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sint64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(607, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_fixed32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(608, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_fixed64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(609, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sfixed32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(610, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sfixed64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(611, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_float_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(612, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_double_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_bool_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_enum_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(701, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_int32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(702, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_int64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(703, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_uint32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(704, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_uint64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(705, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sint32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(706, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sint64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(707, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_fixed32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(708, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_fixed64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(709, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sfixed32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(710, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_sfixed64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(711, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_float_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(712, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_double_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_bool_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::packed_enum_extension, 1));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectUnpackedExtensionsSet(
+    const UNITTEST::TestUnpackedExtensions& message) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::unpacked_int32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::unpacked_int64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::unpacked_uint32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::unpacked_uint64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::unpacked_sint32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::unpacked_sint64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::unpacked_fixed32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::unpacked_fixed64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::unpacked_sfixed32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::unpacked_sfixed64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::unpacked_float_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::unpacked_double_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::unpacked_bool_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::unpacked_enum_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(601, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_int32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(602, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_int64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(603, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_uint32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(604, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_uint64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(605, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_sint32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(606, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_sint64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(607, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_fixed32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(608, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_fixed64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(609,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_sfixed32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(610,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_sfixed64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(611, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_float_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(612, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_double_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_bool_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_enum_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(701, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_int32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(702, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_int64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(703, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_uint32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(704, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_uint64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(705, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_sint32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(706, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_sint64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(707, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_fixed32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(708, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_fixed64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(709,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_sfixed32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(710,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_sfixed64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(711, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_float_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(712, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_double_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_bool_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::unpacked_enum_extension, 1));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectLastRepeatedsRemoved(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllTypes& message) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_int32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_int64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_uint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_uint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_fixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_fixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sfixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sfixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_float_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_double_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_bool_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_string_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_bytes_size());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeatedgroup_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_import_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_import_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_foreign_enum_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_import_enum_size());
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_string_piece_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_cord_size());
+#endif
+
+  // Test that the remaining element is the correct one.
+  EXPECT_EQ(201, message.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(202, message.repeated_int64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(203, message.repeated_uint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(204, message.repeated_uint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(205, message.repeated_sint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(206, message.repeated_sint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(207, message.repeated_fixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(208, message.repeated_fixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(209, message.repeated_sfixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(210, message.repeated_sfixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(211, message.repeated_float(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(212, message.repeated_double(0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.repeated_bool(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("215", message.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("216", message.repeated_bytes(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(217, message.repeatedgroup(0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(218, message.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(219, message.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message(0).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message(0).d());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR, message.repeated_foreign_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAR, message.repeated_import_enum(0));
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectLastRepeatedExtensionsRemoved(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions& message) {
+  // Test that one element was removed.
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension));
+
+  // Test that the remaining element is the correct one.
+  EXPECT_EQ(201, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(202, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(203, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(204, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(205, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(206, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(207, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(208, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(209,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(210,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(211, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(212, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("215",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("216", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension, 0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(217,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension, 0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(218,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension, 0)
+                .bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      219, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 0)
+               .c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      220,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension, 0).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      227,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension, 0).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension, 0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("224",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("225", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension, 0));
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectLastRepeatedsReleased(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllTypes& message) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeatedgroup_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_import_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_import_message_size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(217, message.repeatedgroup(0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(218, message.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(219, message.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message(0).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message(0).d());
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectLastRepeatedExtensionsReleased(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions& message) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      1, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(217,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension, 0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(218,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension, 0)
+                .bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      219, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 0)
+               .c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      220,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension, 0).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      227,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension, 0).bb());
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedsSwapped(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllTypes& message) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_float_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_double_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bool_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_string_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bytes_size());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeatedgroup_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_enum_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_enum_size());
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_string_piece_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_cord_size());
+#endif
+
+  // Test that the first element and second element are flipped.
+  EXPECT_EQ(201, message.repeated_int32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(202, message.repeated_int64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(203, message.repeated_uint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(204, message.repeated_uint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(205, message.repeated_sint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(206, message.repeated_sint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(207, message.repeated_fixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(208, message.repeated_fixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(209, message.repeated_sfixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(210, message.repeated_sfixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(211, message.repeated_float(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(212, message.repeated_double(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.repeated_bool(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("215", message.repeated_string(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("216", message.repeated_bytes(1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(217, message.repeatedgroup(1).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(218, message.repeated_nested_message(1).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(219, message.repeated_foreign_message(1).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message(1).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message(1).d());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR, message.repeated_nested_enum(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR, message.repeated_foreign_enum(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAR, message.repeated_import_enum(1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(301, message.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(302, message.repeated_int64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(303, message.repeated_uint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(304, message.repeated_uint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(305, message.repeated_sint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(306, message.repeated_sint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(307, message.repeated_fixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(308, message.repeated_fixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(309, message.repeated_sfixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(310, message.repeated_sfixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(311, message.repeated_float(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(312, message.repeated_double(0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.repeated_bool(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("315", message.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("316", message.repeated_bytes(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(317, message.repeatedgroup(0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(318, message.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(319, message.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(320, message.repeated_import_message(0).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(320, message.repeated_import_message(0).d());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ, message.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ, message.repeated_foreign_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAZ, message.repeated_import_enum(0));
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectRepeatedExtensionsSwapped(
+    const UNITTEST::TestAllExtensions& message) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(201, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(202, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(203, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(204, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(205, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(206, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(207, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(208, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(209,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(210,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(211, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(212, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("215",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("216", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension, 1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(217,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension, 1).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(218,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension, 1)
+                .bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      219, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 1)
+               .c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      220,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension, 1).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      227,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension, 1).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension, 1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("224",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("225", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension, 1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(301, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(302, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_int64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(303, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(304, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_uint64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(305, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(306, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sint64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(307, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(308, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_fixed64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(309,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed32_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(310,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_sfixed64_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(311, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_float_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(312, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_double_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bool_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("315",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("316", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_bytes_extension, 0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(317,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeatedgroup_extension, 0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(318,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_message_extension, 0)
+                .bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      319, message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_message_extension, 0)
+               .c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      320,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_message_extension, 0).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      327,
+      message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_lazy_message_extension, 0).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestAllTypes::BAZ,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_nested_enum_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::FOREIGN_BAZ,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_foreign_enum_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST_IMPORT::IMPORT_BAZ,
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_import_enum_extension, 0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("324",
+            message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_string_piece_extension, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("325", message.GetExtension(UNITTEST::repeated_cord_extension, 0));
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::SetOneof1(UNITTEST::TestOneof2* message) {
+  message->mutable_foo_lazy_message()->set_qux_int(100);
+  message->set_bar_string("101");
+  message->set_baz_int(102);
+  message->set_baz_string("103");
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::SetOneof2(UNITTEST::TestOneof2* message) {
+  message->set_foo_int(200);
+  message->set_bar_enum(UNITTEST::TestOneof2::BAZ);
+  message->set_baz_int(202);
+  message->set_baz_string("203");
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet1(const UNITTEST::TestOneof2& message) {
+  ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_lazy_message());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.foo_lazy_message().has_qux_int());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_bar_string());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_baz_int());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_baz_string());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, message.foo_lazy_message().corge_int_size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, message.foo_lazy_message().qux_int());
+  EXPECT_EQ("101", message.bar_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(102, message.baz_int());
+  EXPECT_EQ("103", message.baz_string());
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet2(const UNITTEST::TestOneof2& message) {
+  ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(message);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_int());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_bar_enum());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_baz_int());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_baz_string());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(200, message.foo_int());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestOneof2::BAZ, message.bar_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(202, message.baz_int());
+  EXPECT_EQ("203", message.baz_string());
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectOneofClear(const UNITTEST::TestOneof2& message) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_int());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_bytes());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_enum());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foogroup());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_foo_lazy_message());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_bar_int());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_bar_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_bar_bytes());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_bar_enum());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_baz_int());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_baz_string());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestOneof2::FOO_NOT_SET, message.foo_case());
+  EXPECT_EQ(UNITTEST::TestOneof2::BAR_NOT_SET, message.bar_case());
+}
+
+inline void TestUtil::ExpectAtMostOneFieldSetInOneof(
+    const UNITTEST::TestOneof2& message) {
+  int count = 0;
+  if (message.has_foo_int()) count++;
+  if (message.has_foo_string()) count++;
+  if (message.has_foo_bytes()) count++;
+  if (message.has_foo_enum()) count++;
+  if (message.has_foo_message()) count++;
+  if (message.has_foogroup()) count++;
+  if (message.has_foo_lazy_message()) count++;
+  EXPECT_LE(count, 1);
+  count = 0;
+  if (message.has_bar_int()) count++;
+  if (message.has_bar_string()) count++;
+  if (message.has_bar_bytes()) count++;
+  if (message.has_bar_enum()) count++;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(count == 0 || count == 1);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util2.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util2.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f12addb31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util2.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_UTIL2_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_UTIL2_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace TestUtil {
+
+// Translate net/proto2/* -> google/protobuf/*
+inline std::string TranslatePathToOpensource(const std::string& google3_path) {
+  const std::string prefix = "net/proto2/";
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(google3_path.find(prefix) == 0) << google3_path;
+  std::string path = google3_path.substr(prefix.size());
+
+  path = StringReplace(path, "internal/", "", false);
+  path = StringReplace(path, "proto/", "", false);
+  path = StringReplace(path, "public/", "", false);
+  return "google/protobuf/" + path;
+}
+
+inline std::string MaybeTranslatePath(const std::string& google3_path) {
+  std::string path = google3_path;
+  path = TranslatePathToOpensource(path);
+  return path;
+}
+
+inline std::string TestSourceDir() {
+  return google::protobuf::TestSourceDir();
+}
+
+inline std::string GetTestDataPath(const std::string& google3_path) {
+  return TestSourceDir() + "/" + MaybeTranslatePath(google3_path);
+}
+
+// Checks the equality of "message" and serialized proto of type "ProtoType".
+// Do not directly compare two serialized protos.
+template <typename ProtoType>
+bool EqualsToSerialized(const ProtoType& message, const std::string& data) {
+  ProtoType other;
+  other.ParsePartialFromString(data);
+  return util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(message, other);
+}
+
+}  // namespace TestUtil
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_UTIL2_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a897fe26b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1970 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util_lite.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+void TestUtilLite::SetAllFields(unittest::TestAllTypesLite* message) {
+  message->set_optional_int32(101);
+  message->set_optional_int64(102);
+  message->set_optional_uint32(103);
+  message->set_optional_uint64(104);
+  message->set_optional_sint32(105);
+  message->set_optional_sint64(106);
+  message->set_optional_fixed32(107);
+  message->set_optional_fixed64(108);
+  message->set_optional_sfixed32(109);
+  message->set_optional_sfixed64(110);
+  message->set_optional_float(111);
+  message->set_optional_double(112);
+  message->set_optional_bool(true);
+  message->set_optional_string("115");
+  message->set_optional_bytes("116");
+
+  message->mutable_optionalgroup()->set_a(117);
+  message->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(118);
+  message->mutable_optional_foreign_message()->set_c(119);
+  message->mutable_optional_import_message()->set_d(120);
+  message->mutable_optional_public_import_message()->set_e(126);
+  message->mutable_optional_lazy_message()->set_bb(127);
+
+  message->set_optional_nested_enum(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAZ);
+  message->set_optional_foreign_enum(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ);
+  message->set_optional_import_enum(unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAZ);
+
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  message->add_repeated_int32(201);
+  message->add_repeated_int64(202);
+  message->add_repeated_uint32(203);
+  message->add_repeated_uint64(204);
+  message->add_repeated_sint32(205);
+  message->add_repeated_sint64(206);
+  message->add_repeated_fixed32(207);
+  message->add_repeated_fixed64(208);
+  message->add_repeated_sfixed32(209);
+  message->add_repeated_sfixed64(210);
+  message->add_repeated_float(211);
+  message->add_repeated_double(212);
+  message->add_repeated_bool(true);
+  message->add_repeated_string("215");
+  message->add_repeated_bytes("216");
+
+  message->add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(217);
+  message->add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(218);
+  message->add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(219);
+  message->add_repeated_import_message()->set_d(220);
+  message->add_repeated_lazy_message()->set_bb(227);
+
+  message->add_repeated_nested_enum(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAR);
+  message->add_repeated_foreign_enum(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR);
+  message->add_repeated_import_enum(unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAR);
+
+
+  // Add a second one of each field.
+  message->add_repeated_int32(301);
+  message->add_repeated_int64(302);
+  message->add_repeated_uint32(303);
+  message->add_repeated_uint64(304);
+  message->add_repeated_sint32(305);
+  message->add_repeated_sint64(306);
+  message->add_repeated_fixed32(307);
+  message->add_repeated_fixed64(308);
+  message->add_repeated_sfixed32(309);
+  message->add_repeated_sfixed64(310);
+  message->add_repeated_float(311);
+  message->add_repeated_double(312);
+  message->add_repeated_bool(false);
+  message->add_repeated_string("315");
+  message->add_repeated_bytes("316");
+
+  message->add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(317);
+  message->add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(318);
+  message->add_repeated_foreign_message()->set_c(319);
+  message->add_repeated_import_message()->set_d(320);
+  message->add_repeated_lazy_message()->set_bb(327);
+
+  message->add_repeated_nested_enum(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAZ);
+  message->add_repeated_foreign_enum(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ);
+  message->add_repeated_import_enum(unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAZ);
+
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  message->set_default_int32(401);
+  message->set_default_int64(402);
+  message->set_default_uint32(403);
+  message->set_default_uint64(404);
+  message->set_default_sint32(405);
+  message->set_default_sint64(406);
+  message->set_default_fixed32(407);
+  message->set_default_fixed64(408);
+  message->set_default_sfixed32(409);
+  message->set_default_sfixed64(410);
+  message->set_default_float(411);
+  message->set_default_double(412);
+  message->set_default_bool(false);
+  message->set_default_string("415");
+  message->set_default_bytes("416");
+
+  message->set_default_nested_enum(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::FOO);
+  message->set_default_foreign_enum(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO);
+  message->set_default_import_enum(unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_FOO);
+
+
+  message->set_oneof_uint32(601);
+  message->mutable_oneof_nested_message()->set_bb(602);
+  message->set_oneof_string("603");
+  message->set_oneof_bytes("604");
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ModifyRepeatedFields(unittest::TestAllTypesLite* message) {
+  message->set_repeated_int32(1, 501);
+  message->set_repeated_int64(1, 502);
+  message->set_repeated_uint32(1, 503);
+  message->set_repeated_uint64(1, 504);
+  message->set_repeated_sint32(1, 505);
+  message->set_repeated_sint64(1, 506);
+  message->set_repeated_fixed32(1, 507);
+  message->set_repeated_fixed64(1, 508);
+  message->set_repeated_sfixed32(1, 509);
+  message->set_repeated_sfixed64(1, 510);
+  message->set_repeated_float(1, 511);
+  message->set_repeated_double(1, 512);
+  message->set_repeated_bool(1, true);
+  message->set_repeated_string(1, "515");
+  message->set_repeated_bytes(1, "516");
+
+  message->mutable_repeatedgroup(1)->set_a(517);
+  message->mutable_repeated_nested_message(1)->set_bb(518);
+  message->mutable_repeated_foreign_message(1)->set_c(519);
+  message->mutable_repeated_import_message(1)->set_d(520);
+  message->mutable_repeated_lazy_message(1)->set_bb(527);
+
+  message->set_repeated_nested_enum(1, unittest::TestAllTypesLite::FOO);
+  message->set_repeated_foreign_enum(1, unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO);
+  message->set_repeated_import_enum(1, unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_FOO);
+
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ExpectAllFieldsSet(
+    const unittest::TestAllTypesLite& message) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_int64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_uint32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_uint64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_sint32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_sint64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_float());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_double());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_bool());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_string());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optionalgroup());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_foreign_message());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_import_message());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_public_import_message());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_lazy_message());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.optionalgroup().has_a());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_nested_message().has_bb());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_foreign_message().has_c());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_import_message().has_d());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_public_import_message().has_e());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.optional_lazy_message().has_bb());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_optional_import_enum());
+
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(101, message.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(102, message.optional_int64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(103, message.optional_uint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(104, message.optional_uint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(105, message.optional_sint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(106, message.optional_sint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(107, message.optional_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(108, message.optional_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(109, message.optional_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(110, message.optional_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(111, message.optional_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(112, message.optional_double());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.optional_bool());
+  EXPECT_EQ("115", message.optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("116", message.optional_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(117, message.optionalgroup().a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(118, message.optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(119, message.optional_foreign_message().c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(120, message.optional_import_message().d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(126, message.optional_public_import_message().e());
+  EXPECT_EQ(127, message.optional_lazy_message().bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAZ, message.optional_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ, message.optional_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAZ, message.optional_import_enum());
+
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_float_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_double_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bool_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_string_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bytes_size());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeatedgroup_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_lazy_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_enum_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_enum_size());
+
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(201, message.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(202, message.repeated_int64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(203, message.repeated_uint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(204, message.repeated_uint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(205, message.repeated_sint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(206, message.repeated_sint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(207, message.repeated_fixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(208, message.repeated_fixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(209, message.repeated_sfixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(210, message.repeated_sfixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(211, message.repeated_float(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(212, message.repeated_double(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.repeated_bool(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("215", message.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("216", message.repeated_bytes(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(217, message.repeatedgroup(0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(218, message.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(219, message.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message(0).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(227, message.repeated_lazy_message(0).bb());
+
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAR, message.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR, message.repeated_foreign_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAR, message.repeated_import_enum(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(301, message.repeated_int32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(302, message.repeated_int64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(303, message.repeated_uint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(304, message.repeated_uint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(305, message.repeated_sint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(306, message.repeated_sint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(307, message.repeated_fixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(308, message.repeated_fixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(309, message.repeated_sfixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(310, message.repeated_sfixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(311, message.repeated_float(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(312, message.repeated_double(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.repeated_bool(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("315", message.repeated_string(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("316", message.repeated_bytes(1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(317, message.repeatedgroup(1).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(318, message.repeated_nested_message(1).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(319, message.repeated_foreign_message(1).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(320, message.repeated_import_message(1).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(327, message.repeated_lazy_message(1).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAZ, message.repeated_nested_enum(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ, message.repeated_foreign_enum(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAZ, message.repeated_import_enum(1));
+
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_int32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_int64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_uint32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_uint64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_sint32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_sint64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_float());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_double());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_bool());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_string());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_default_import_enum());
+
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(401, message.default_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(402, message.default_int64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(403, message.default_uint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(404, message.default_uint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(405, message.default_sint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(406, message.default_sint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(407, message.default_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(408, message.default_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(409, message.default_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(410, message.default_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(411, message.default_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(412, message.default_double());
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.default_bool());
+  EXPECT_EQ("415", message.default_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("416", message.default_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::FOO, message.default_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO, message.default_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_FOO, message.default_import_enum());
+
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_uint32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_string());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_oneof_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("604", message.oneof_bytes());
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ExpectClear(const unittest::TestAllTypesLite& message) {
+  // has_blah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_int64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_uint32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_uint64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_sint32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_sint64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_float());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_double());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_bool());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optionalgroup());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_foreign_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_import_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_public_import_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_lazy_message());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_optional_import_enum());
+
+
+  // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_int64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_uint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_uint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_sint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_sint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_double());
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.optional_bool());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.optional_bytes());
+
+  // Embedded messages should also be clear.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.optionalgroup().has_a());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_nested_message().has_bb());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_foreign_message().has_c());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_import_message().has_d());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_public_import_message().has_e());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.optional_lazy_message().has_bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optionalgroup().a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_foreign_message().c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_import_message().d());
+
+  // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::FOO, message.optional_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO, message.optional_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_FOO, message.optional_import_enum());
+
+
+  // Repeated fields are empty.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_int64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_uint32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_uint64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_sint32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_sint64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_fixed32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_fixed64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_sfixed32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_sfixed64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_float_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_double_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_bool_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_bytes_size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeatedgroup_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_import_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_lazy_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_foreign_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.repeated_import_enum_size());
+
+
+  // has_blah() should also be false for all default fields.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_int32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_int64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_uint32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_uint64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_sint32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_sint64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_float());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_double());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_bool());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_default_import_enum());
+
+
+  // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+  EXPECT_EQ(41, message.default_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, message.default_int64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(43, message.default_uint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(44, message.default_uint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(-45, message.default_sint32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(46, message.default_sint64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(47, message.default_fixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(48, message.default_fixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(49, message.default_sfixed32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(-50, message.default_sfixed64());
+  EXPECT_EQ(51.5, message.default_float());
+  EXPECT_EQ(52e3, message.default_double());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.default_bool());
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", message.default_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("world", message.default_bytes());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAR, message.default_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR, message.default_foreign_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAR, message.default_import_enum());
+
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_uint32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_string());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_oneof_bytes());
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ExpectRepeatedFieldsModified(
+    const unittest::TestAllTypesLite& message) {
+  // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
+  // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
+  // element and size were *not* modified.
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_fixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_sfixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_float_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_double_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bool_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_string_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_bytes_size());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeatedgroup_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_lazy_message_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_foreign_enum_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_import_enum_size());
+
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(201, message.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(202, message.repeated_int64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(203, message.repeated_uint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(204, message.repeated_uint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(205, message.repeated_sint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(206, message.repeated_sint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(207, message.repeated_fixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(208, message.repeated_fixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(209, message.repeated_sfixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(210, message.repeated_sfixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(211, message.repeated_float(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(212, message.repeated_double(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.repeated_bool(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("215", message.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("216", message.repeated_bytes(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(217, message.repeatedgroup(0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(218, message.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(219, message.repeated_foreign_message(0).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(220, message.repeated_import_message(0).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(227, message.repeated_lazy_message(0).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAR, message.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR, message.repeated_foreign_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAR, message.repeated_import_enum(0));
+
+
+  // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+  EXPECT_EQ(501, message.repeated_int32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(502, message.repeated_int64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(503, message.repeated_uint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(504, message.repeated_uint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(505, message.repeated_sint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(506, message.repeated_sint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(507, message.repeated_fixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(508, message.repeated_fixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(509, message.repeated_sfixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(510, message.repeated_sfixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(511, message.repeated_float(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(512, message.repeated_double(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.repeated_bool(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("515", message.repeated_string(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("516", message.repeated_bytes(1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(517, message.repeatedgroup(1).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(518, message.repeated_nested_message(1).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(519, message.repeated_foreign_message(1).c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(520, message.repeated_import_message(1).d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(527, message.repeated_lazy_message(1).bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::FOO, message.repeated_nested_enum(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO, message.repeated_foreign_enum(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_FOO, message.repeated_import_enum(1));
+
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::SetPackedFields(unittest::TestPackedTypesLite* message) {
+  message->add_packed_int32(601);
+  message->add_packed_int64(602);
+  message->add_packed_uint32(603);
+  message->add_packed_uint64(604);
+  message->add_packed_sint32(605);
+  message->add_packed_sint64(606);
+  message->add_packed_fixed32(607);
+  message->add_packed_fixed64(608);
+  message->add_packed_sfixed32(609);
+  message->add_packed_sfixed64(610);
+  message->add_packed_float(611);
+  message->add_packed_double(612);
+  message->add_packed_bool(true);
+  message->add_packed_enum(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR);
+  // add a second one of each field
+  message->add_packed_int32(701);
+  message->add_packed_int64(702);
+  message->add_packed_uint32(703);
+  message->add_packed_uint64(704);
+  message->add_packed_sint32(705);
+  message->add_packed_sint64(706);
+  message->add_packed_fixed32(707);
+  message->add_packed_fixed64(708);
+  message->add_packed_sfixed32(709);
+  message->add_packed_sfixed64(710);
+  message->add_packed_float(711);
+  message->add_packed_double(712);
+  message->add_packed_bool(false);
+  message->add_packed_enum(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ModifyPackedFields(unittest::TestPackedTypesLite* message) {
+  message->set_packed_int32(1, 801);
+  message->set_packed_int64(1, 802);
+  message->set_packed_uint32(1, 803);
+  message->set_packed_uint64(1, 804);
+  message->set_packed_sint32(1, 805);
+  message->set_packed_sint64(1, 806);
+  message->set_packed_fixed32(1, 807);
+  message->set_packed_fixed64(1, 808);
+  message->set_packed_sfixed32(1, 809);
+  message->set_packed_sfixed64(1, 810);
+  message->set_packed_float(1, 811);
+  message->set_packed_double(1, 812);
+  message->set_packed_bool(1, true);
+  message->set_packed_enum(1, unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(
+    const unittest::TestPackedTypesLite& message) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_int32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_int64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_uint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_uint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_fixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_fixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sfixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sfixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_float_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_double_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_bool_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_enum_size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(601, message.packed_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(602, message.packed_int64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(603, message.packed_uint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(604, message.packed_uint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(605, message.packed_sint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(606, message.packed_sint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(607, message.packed_fixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(608, message.packed_fixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(609, message.packed_sfixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(610, message.packed_sfixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(611, message.packed_float(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(612, message.packed_double(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.packed_bool(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR, message.packed_enum(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(701, message.packed_int32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(702, message.packed_int64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(703, message.packed_uint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(704, message.packed_uint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(705, message.packed_sint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(706, message.packed_sint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(707, message.packed_fixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(708, message.packed_fixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(709, message.packed_sfixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(710, message.packed_sfixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(711, message.packed_float(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(712, message.packed_double(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.packed_bool(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ, message.packed_enum(1));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedClear(
+    const unittest::TestPackedTypesLite& message) {
+  // Packed repeated fields are empty.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_int64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_uint32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_uint64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_sint32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_sint64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_fixed32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_fixed64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_sfixed32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_sfixed64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_float_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_double_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_bool_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.packed_enum_size());
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedFieldsModified(
+    const unittest::TestPackedTypesLite& message) {
+  // Do the same for packed repeated fields.
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_int32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_int64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_uint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_uint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sint32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sint64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_fixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_fixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sfixed32_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_sfixed64_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_float_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_double_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_bool_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.packed_enum_size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(601, message.packed_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(602, message.packed_int64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(603, message.packed_uint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(604, message.packed_uint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(605, message.packed_sint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(606, message.packed_sint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(607, message.packed_fixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(608, message.packed_fixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(609, message.packed_sfixed32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(610, message.packed_sfixed64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(611, message.packed_float(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(612, message.packed_double(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.packed_bool(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR, message.packed_enum(0));
+  // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+  EXPECT_EQ(801, message.packed_int32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(802, message.packed_int64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(803, message.packed_uint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(804, message.packed_uint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(805, message.packed_sint32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(806, message.packed_sint64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(807, message.packed_fixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(808, message.packed_fixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(809, message.packed_sfixed32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(810, message.packed_sfixed64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(811, message.packed_float(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(812, message.packed_double(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.packed_bool(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO, message.packed_enum(1));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+// Extensions
+//
+// All this code is exactly equivalent to the above code except that it's
+// manipulating extension fields instead of normal ones.
+//
+// I gave up on the 80-char limit here.  Sorry.
+
+void TestUtilLite::SetAllExtensions(unittest::TestAllExtensionsLite* message) {
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension_lite, 101);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension_lite, 102);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_uint32_extension_lite, 103);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_uint64_extension_lite, 104);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_sint32_extension_lite, 105);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_sint64_extension_lite, 106);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_fixed32_extension_lite, 107);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_fixed64_extension_lite, 108);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed32_extension_lite, 109);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed64_extension_lite, 110);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_float_extension_lite, 111);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_double_extension_lite, 112);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_bool_extension_lite, true);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension_lite, "115");
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_bytes_extension_lite, "116");
+
+  message->MutableExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension_lite)->set_a(117);
+  message->MutableExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension_lite)
+      ->set_bb(118);
+  message->MutableExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension_lite)
+      ->set_c(119);
+  message->MutableExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension_lite)
+      ->set_d(120);
+  message
+      ->MutableExtension(
+          unittest::optional_public_import_message_extension_lite)
+      ->set_e(126);
+  message->MutableExtension(unittest::optional_lazy_message_extension_lite)
+      ->set_bb(127);
+
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_enum_extension_lite,
+                        unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAZ);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_enum_extension_lite,
+                        unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::optional_import_enum_extension_lite,
+                        unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAZ);
+
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension_lite, 201);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension_lite, 202);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension_lite, 203);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension_lite, 204);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension_lite, 205);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension_lite, 206);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension_lite, 207);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension_lite, 208);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension_lite, 209);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension_lite, 210);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension_lite, 211);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension_lite, 212);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension_lite, true);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension_lite, "215");
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension_lite, "216");
+
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension_lite)->set_a(217);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension_lite)
+      ->set_bb(218);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension_lite)
+      ->set_c(219);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension_lite)
+      ->set_d(220);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension_lite)
+      ->set_bb(227);
+
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension_lite,
+                        unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAR);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension_lite,
+                        unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension_lite,
+                        unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAR);
+
+
+  // Add a second one of each field.
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension_lite, 301);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension_lite, 302);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension_lite, 303);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension_lite, 304);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension_lite, 305);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension_lite, 306);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension_lite, 307);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension_lite, 308);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension_lite, 309);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension_lite, 310);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension_lite, 311);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension_lite, 312);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension_lite, false);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension_lite, "315");
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension_lite, "316");
+
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension_lite)->set_a(317);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension_lite)
+      ->set_bb(318);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension_lite)
+      ->set_c(319);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension_lite)
+      ->set_d(320);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension_lite)
+      ->set_bb(327);
+
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension_lite,
+                        unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAZ);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension_lite,
+                        unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension_lite,
+                        unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAZ);
+
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_int32_extension_lite, 401);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_int64_extension_lite, 402);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_uint32_extension_lite, 403);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_uint64_extension_lite, 404);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_sint32_extension_lite, 405);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_sint64_extension_lite, 406);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_fixed32_extension_lite, 407);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_fixed64_extension_lite, 408);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_sfixed32_extension_lite, 409);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_sfixed64_extension_lite, 410);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_float_extension_lite, 411);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_double_extension_lite, 412);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_bool_extension_lite, false);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_string_extension_lite, "415");
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_bytes_extension_lite, "416");
+
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_nested_enum_extension_lite,
+                        unittest::TestAllTypesLite::FOO);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_foreign_enum_extension_lite,
+                        unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::default_import_enum_extension_lite,
+                        unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_FOO);
+
+
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::oneof_uint32_extension_lite, 601);
+  message->MutableExtension(unittest::oneof_nested_message_extension_lite)
+      ->set_bb(602);
+  ;
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::oneof_string_extension_lite, "603");
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::oneof_bytes_extension_lite, "604");
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ModifyRepeatedExtensions(
+    unittest::TestAllExtensionsLite* message) {
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension_lite, 1, 501);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension_lite, 1, 502);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension_lite, 1, 503);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension_lite, 1, 504);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension_lite, 1, 505);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension_lite, 1, 506);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension_lite, 1, 507);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension_lite, 1, 508);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension_lite, 1, 509);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension_lite, 1, 510);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension_lite, 1, 511);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension_lite, 1, 512);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension_lite, 1, true);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension_lite, 1, "515");
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension_lite, 1, "516");
+
+  message->MutableExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension_lite, 1)
+      ->set_a(517);
+  message->MutableExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension_lite, 1)
+      ->set_bb(518);
+  message
+      ->MutableExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension_lite, 1)
+      ->set_c(519);
+  message->MutableExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension_lite, 1)
+      ->set_d(520);
+  message->MutableExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension_lite, 1)
+      ->set_bb(527);
+
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension_lite, 1,
+                        unittest::TestAllTypesLite::FOO);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension_lite, 1,
+                        unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension_lite, 1,
+                        unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_FOO);
+
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(
+    const unittest::TestAllExtensionsLite& message) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_uint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_uint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_fixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_fixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_float_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_double_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_bool_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_bytes_extension_lite));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(
+      unittest::optional_public_import_message_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_lazy_message_extension_lite));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension_lite).has_a());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension_lite)
+          .has_bb());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension_lite)
+          .has_c());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension_lite)
+          .has_d());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message
+          .GetExtension(unittest::optional_public_import_message_extension_lite)
+          .has_e());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_lazy_message_extension_lite)
+          .has_bb());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_nested_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_import_enum_extension_lite));
+
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(101, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(102, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(103,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_uint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(104,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_uint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(105,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(106,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(107,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_fixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(108,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_fixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(109,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(110,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(111, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_float_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(112,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_double_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_bool_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ("115",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ("116",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_bytes_extension_lite));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(117,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension_lite).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      118,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension_lite)
+          .bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      119,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension_lite)
+          .c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      120,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension_lite)
+          .d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      126,
+      message
+          .GetExtension(unittest::optional_public_import_message_extension_lite)
+          .e());
+  EXPECT_EQ(127,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_lazy_message_extension_lite)
+                .bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAZ,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAZ,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_enum_extension_lite));
+
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_float_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_double_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bool_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_string_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension_lite));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(
+                   unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(
+                   unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(
+                   unittest::repeated_import_message_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension_lite));
+
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(201,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(202,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(203,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(204,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(205,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(206,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(207,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(208,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      209, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      210, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(211,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(212,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("215",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("216",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension_lite, 0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      217, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension_lite, 0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      218,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension_lite, 0)
+          .bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      219,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension_lite, 0)
+          .c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      220,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension_lite, 0)
+          .d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      227,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension_lite, 0)
+          .bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAR,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAR,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension_lite, 0));
+
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(301,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(302,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(303,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(304,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(305,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(306,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(307,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(308,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      309, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      310, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(311,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(312,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("315",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("316",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension_lite, 1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      317, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension_lite, 1).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      318,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension_lite, 1)
+          .bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      319,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension_lite, 1)
+          .c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      320,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension_lite, 1)
+          .d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      327,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension_lite, 1)
+          .bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAZ,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAZ,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension_lite, 1));
+
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_int32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_int64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_uint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_uint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_fixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_fixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sfixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sfixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_float_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_double_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_bool_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_string_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_bytes_extension_lite));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::default_nested_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::default_foreign_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::default_import_enum_extension_lite));
+
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(401, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_int32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(402, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_int64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(403, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_uint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(404, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_uint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(405, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(406, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(407,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_fixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(408,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_fixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(409,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sfixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(410,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sfixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(411, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_float_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(412, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_double_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_bool_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ("415",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_string_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ("416",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_bytes_extension_lite));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::FOO,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_nested_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::default_foreign_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_FOO,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_import_enum_extension_lite));
+
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::oneof_uint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::oneof_nested_message_extension_lite)
+          .has_bb());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::oneof_string_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.HasExtension(unittest::oneof_bytes_extension_lite));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(601, message.GetExtension(unittest::oneof_uint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      602,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::oneof_nested_message_extension_lite).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ("603", message.GetExtension(unittest::oneof_string_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ("604", message.GetExtension(unittest::oneof_bytes_extension_lite));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ExpectExtensionsClear(
+    const unittest::TestAllExtensionsLite& message) {
+  std::string serialized;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message.SerializeToString(&serialized));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", serialized);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ByteSize());
+
+  // has_blah() should initially be false for all optional fields.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_uint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_uint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_fixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_fixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_float_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_double_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_bool_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_bytes_extension_lite));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(
+      unittest::optional_public_import_message_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_lazy_message_extension_lite));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_nested_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::optional_import_enum_extension_lite));
+
+
+  // Optional fields without defaults are set to zero or something like it.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_uint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_uint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_fixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_fixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_sfixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_float_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_double_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_bool_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_string_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_bytes_extension_lite));
+
+  // Embedded messages should also be clear.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension_lite).has_a());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension_lite)
+          .has_bb());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension_lite)
+          .has_c());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension_lite)
+          .has_d());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message
+          .GetExtension(unittest::optional_public_import_message_extension_lite)
+          .has_e());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_lazy_message_extension_lite)
+          .has_bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optionalgroup_extension_lite).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_message_extension_lite)
+             .bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_message_extension_lite)
+             .c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      0, message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_message_extension_lite)
+             .d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message
+                   .GetExtension(
+                       unittest::optional_public_import_message_extension_lite)
+                   .e());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_lazy_message_extension_lite)
+                .bb());
+
+  // Enums without defaults are set to the first value in the enum.
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::TestAllTypesLite::FOO,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_nested_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_foreign_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_FOO,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::optional_import_enum_extension_lite));
+
+
+  // Repeated fields are empty.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0,
+            message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_float_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_double_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bool_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_string_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension_lite));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(
+                   unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(
+                   unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(
+                   unittest::repeated_import_message_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension_lite));
+
+
+  // has_blah() should also be false for all default fields.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_int32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_int64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_uint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_uint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_fixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_fixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sfixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_sfixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_float_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_double_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_bool_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_string_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::default_bytes_extension_lite));
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::default_nested_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::default_foreign_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.HasExtension(unittest::default_import_enum_extension_lite));
+
+
+  // Fields with defaults have their default values (duh).
+  EXPECT_EQ(41, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_int32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_int64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(43, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_uint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(44, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_uint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-45, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(46, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(47, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_fixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(48, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_fixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(49,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sfixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-50,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_sfixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(51.5, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_float_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(52e3,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_double_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.GetExtension(unittest::default_bool_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_string_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ("world",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_bytes_extension_lite));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_nested_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::default_foreign_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::default_import_enum_extension_lite));
+
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::oneof_uint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::oneof_nested_message_extension_lite)
+          .has_bb());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::oneof_string_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.HasExtension(unittest::oneof_bytes_extension_lite));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ExpectRepeatedExtensionsModified(
+    const unittest::TestAllExtensionsLite& message) {
+  // ModifyRepeatedFields only sets the second repeated element of each
+  // field.  In addition to verifying this, we also verify that the first
+  // element and size were *not* modified.
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_int64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2,
+            message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_float_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_double_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bool_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_string_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension_lite));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(
+                   unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(
+                   unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(
+                   unittest::repeated_import_message_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension_lite));
+
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(201,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(202,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(203,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(204,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(205,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(206,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(207,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(208,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      209, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      210, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(211,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(212,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("215",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("216",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension_lite, 0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      217, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension_lite, 0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      218,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension_lite, 0)
+          .bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      219,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension_lite, 0)
+          .c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      220,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension_lite, 0)
+          .d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      227,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension_lite, 0)
+          .bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::TestAllTypesLite::BAR,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_BAR,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension_lite, 0));
+
+
+  // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+  EXPECT_EQ(501,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(502,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_int64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(503,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(504,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_uint64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(505,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(506,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sint64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(507,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(508,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_fixed64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      509, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      510, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_sfixed64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(511,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_float_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(512,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_double_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bool_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("515",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_string_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("516",
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_bytes_extension_lite, 1));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      517, message.GetExtension(unittest::repeatedgroup_extension_lite, 1).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      518,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension_lite, 1)
+          .bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      519,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_message_extension_lite, 1)
+          .c());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      520,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_message_extension_lite, 1)
+          .d());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      527,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_lazy_message_extension_lite, 1)
+          .bb());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::TestAllTypesLite::FOO,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_foreign_enum_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest_import::IMPORT_LITE_FOO,
+      message.GetExtension(unittest::repeated_import_enum_extension_lite, 1));
+
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::SetPackedExtensions(
+    unittest::TestPackedExtensionsLite* message) {
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension_lite, 601);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_int64_extension_lite, 602);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_uint32_extension_lite, 603);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_uint64_extension_lite, 604);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sint32_extension_lite, 605);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sint64_extension_lite, 606);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension_lite, 607);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension_lite, 608);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension_lite, 609);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension_lite, 610);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_float_extension_lite, 611);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_double_extension_lite, 612);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_bool_extension_lite, true);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension_lite,
+                        unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR);
+  // add a second one of each field
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension_lite, 701);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_int64_extension_lite, 702);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_uint32_extension_lite, 703);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_uint64_extension_lite, 704);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sint32_extension_lite, 705);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sint64_extension_lite, 706);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension_lite, 707);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension_lite, 708);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension_lite, 709);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension_lite, 710);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_float_extension_lite, 711);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_double_extension_lite, 712);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_bool_extension_lite, false);
+  message->AddExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension_lite,
+                        unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ModifyPackedExtensions(
+    unittest::TestPackedExtensionsLite* message) {
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension_lite, 1, 801);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_int64_extension_lite, 1, 802);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_uint32_extension_lite, 1, 803);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_uint64_extension_lite, 1, 804);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_sint32_extension_lite, 1, 805);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_sint64_extension_lite, 1, 806);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension_lite, 1, 807);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension_lite, 1, 808);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension_lite, 1, 809);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension_lite, 1, 810);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_float_extension_lite, 1, 811);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_double_extension_lite, 1, 812);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_bool_extension_lite, 1, true);
+  message->SetExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension_lite, 1,
+                        unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedExtensionsSet(
+    const unittest::TestPackedExtensionsLite& message) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_int32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_int64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_uint32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_uint64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sint32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sint64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_float_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_double_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_bool_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_enum_extension_lite));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(601,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(602,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(603,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(604,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(605,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(606,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(607,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(608,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(609,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(610,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(611,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_float_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(612,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_double_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_bool_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(701,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(702,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(703,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(704,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(705,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(706,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(707,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(708,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(709,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(710,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(711,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_float_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(712,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_double_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_bool_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension_lite, 1));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedExtensionsClear(
+    const unittest::TestPackedExtensionsLite& message) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_int32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_int64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_uint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_uint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sint32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sint64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_float_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_double_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_bool_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_enum_extension_lite));
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void TestUtilLite::ExpectPackedExtensionsModified(
+    const unittest::TestPackedExtensionsLite& message) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_int32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_int64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_uint32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_uint64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sint32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sint64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_float_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_double_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_bool_extension_lite));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(unittest::packed_enum_extension_lite));
+  EXPECT_EQ(601,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(602,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(603,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(604,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(605,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(606,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(607,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(608,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(609,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(610,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(611,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_float_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(612,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_double_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_bool_extension_lite, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_BAR,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension_lite, 0));
+
+  // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+  EXPECT_EQ(801,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(802,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_int64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(803,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(804,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_uint64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(805,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(806,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sint64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(807,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(808,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_fixed64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(809,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed32_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(810,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_sfixed64_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(811,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_float_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(812,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_double_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_bool_extension_lite, 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::FOREIGN_LITE_FOO,
+            message.GetExtension(unittest::packed_enum_extension_lite, 1));
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34edf9443
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/test_util_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_UTIL_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_UTIL_LITE_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_lite.pb.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest;
+namespace unittest_import = protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+class TestUtilLite {
+ public:
+  // Set every field in the message to a unique value.
+  static void SetAllFields(unittest::TestAllTypesLite* message);
+  static void SetAllExtensions(unittest::TestAllExtensionsLite* message);
+  static void SetPackedFields(unittest::TestPackedTypesLite* message);
+  static void SetPackedExtensions(unittest::TestPackedExtensionsLite* message);
+
+  // Use the repeated versions of the set_*() accessors to modify all the
+  // repeated fields of the message (which should already have been
+  // initialized with Set*Fields()).  Set*Fields() itself only tests
+  // the add_*() accessors.
+  static void ModifyRepeatedFields(unittest::TestAllTypesLite* message);
+  static void ModifyRepeatedExtensions(
+      unittest::TestAllExtensionsLite* message);
+  static void ModifyPackedFields(unittest::TestPackedTypesLite* message);
+  static void ModifyPackedExtensions(
+      unittest::TestPackedExtensionsLite* message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // Set*Fields() is called.
+  static void ExpectAllFieldsSet(const unittest::TestAllTypesLite& message);
+  static void ExpectAllExtensionsSet(
+      const unittest::TestAllExtensionsLite& message);
+  static void ExpectPackedFieldsSet(
+      const unittest::TestPackedTypesLite& message);
+  static void ExpectPackedExtensionsSet(
+      const unittest::TestPackedExtensionsLite& message);
+
+  // Expect that the message is modified as would be expected from
+  // Modify*Fields().
+  static void ExpectRepeatedFieldsModified(
+      const unittest::TestAllTypesLite& message);
+  static void ExpectRepeatedExtensionsModified(
+      const unittest::TestAllExtensionsLite& message);
+  static void ExpectPackedFieldsModified(
+      const unittest::TestPackedTypesLite& message);
+  static void ExpectPackedExtensionsModified(
+      const unittest::TestPackedExtensionsLite& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have their default values.
+  static void ExpectClear(const unittest::TestAllTypesLite& message);
+  static void ExpectExtensionsClear(
+      const unittest::TestAllExtensionsLite& message);
+  static void ExpectPackedClear(const unittest::TestPackedTypesLite& message);
+  static void ExpectPackedExtensionsClear(
+      const unittest::TestPackedExtensionsLite& message);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(TestUtilLite);
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_UTIL_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/bad_utf8_string b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/bad_utf8_string
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1337ec68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/bad_utf8_string
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+r
ÿ
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b7e6552c
Binary files /dev/null and b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message differ
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_maps b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_maps
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c70a4d7cd
Binary files /dev/null and b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_maps differ
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_oneof_implemented b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_oneof_implemented
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b48c89852
Binary files /dev/null and b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_oneof_implemented differ
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_proto3 b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_proto3
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd646a0dc
Binary files /dev/null and b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_proto3 differ
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_packed_fields_message b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_packed_fields_message
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee28d3883
Binary files /dev/null and b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_packed_fields_message differ
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/map_test_data.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/map_test_data.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc2723214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/map_test_data.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+map_int32_int32 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_int32_int32 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_int64_int64 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_int64_int64 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_uint32_uint32 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_uint32_uint32 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_uint64_uint64 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_uint64_uint64 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_sint32_sint32 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_sint32_sint32 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_sint64_sint64 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_sint64_sint64 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_fixed32_fixed32 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_fixed32_fixed32 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_fixed64_fixed64 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_fixed64_fixed64 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_sfixed32_sfixed32 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_sfixed32_sfixed32 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_sfixed64_sfixed64 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_sfixed64_sfixed64 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_int32_float {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_int32_float {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_int32_double {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_int32_double {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_bool_bool {
+  key: false
+  value: false
+}
+map_bool_bool {
+  key: true
+  value: true
+}
+map_string_string {
+  key: "0"
+  value: "0"
+}
+map_string_string {
+  key: "1"
+  value: "1"
+}
+map_int32_bytes {
+  key: 0
+  value: "0"
+}
+map_int32_bytes {
+  key: 1
+  value: "1"
+}
+map_int32_enum {
+  key: 0
+  value: MAP_ENUM_BAR
+}
+map_int32_enum {
+  key: 1
+  value: MAP_ENUM_BAZ
+}
+map_int32_foreign_message {
+  key: 0
+  value {
+    c: 0
+  }
+}
+map_int32_foreign_message {
+  key: 1
+  value {
+    c: 1
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a874b54c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+optional_int32: 101
+optional_int64: 102
+optional_uint32: 103
+optional_uint64: 104
+optional_sint32: 105
+optional_sint64: 106
+optional_fixed32: 107
+optional_fixed64: 108
+optional_sfixed32: 109
+optional_sfixed64: 110
+optional_float: 111
+optional_double: 112
+optional_bool: true
+optional_string: "115"
+optional_bytes: "116"
+OptionalGroup {
+  a: 117
+}
+optional_nested_message {
+  bb: 118
+}
+optional_foreign_message {
+  c: 119
+}
+optional_import_message {
+  d: 120
+}
+optional_nested_enum: BAZ
+optional_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAZ
+optional_import_enum: IMPORT_BAZ
+optional_string_piece: "124"
+optional_cord: "125"
+optional_public_import_message {
+  e: 126
+}
+optional_lazy_message {
+  bb: 127
+}
+repeated_int32: 201
+repeated_int32: 301
+repeated_int64: 202
+repeated_int64: 302
+repeated_uint32: 203
+repeated_uint32: 303
+repeated_uint64: 204
+repeated_uint64: 304
+repeated_sint32: 205
+repeated_sint32: 305
+repeated_sint64: 206
+repeated_sint64: 306
+repeated_fixed32: 207
+repeated_fixed32: 307
+repeated_fixed64: 208
+repeated_fixed64: 308
+repeated_sfixed32: 209
+repeated_sfixed32: 309
+repeated_sfixed64: 210
+repeated_sfixed64: 310
+repeated_float: 211
+repeated_float: 311
+repeated_double: 212
+repeated_double: 312
+repeated_bool: true
+repeated_bool: false
+repeated_string: "215"
+repeated_string: "315"
+repeated_bytes: "216"
+repeated_bytes: "316"
+RepeatedGroup {
+  a: 217
+}
+RepeatedGroup {
+  a: 317
+}
+repeated_nested_message {
+  bb: 218
+}
+repeated_nested_message {
+  bb: 318
+}
+repeated_foreign_message {
+  c: 219
+}
+repeated_foreign_message {
+  c: 319
+}
+repeated_import_message {
+  d: 220
+}
+repeated_import_message {
+  d: 320
+}
+repeated_nested_enum: BAR
+repeated_nested_enum: BAZ
+repeated_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAR
+repeated_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAZ
+repeated_import_enum: IMPORT_BAR
+repeated_import_enum: IMPORT_BAZ
+repeated_string_piece: "224"
+repeated_string_piece: "324"
+repeated_cord: "225"
+repeated_cord: "325"
+repeated_lazy_message {
+  bb: 227
+}
+repeated_lazy_message {
+  bb: 327
+}
+default_int32: 401
+default_int64: 402
+default_uint32: 403
+default_uint64: 404
+default_sint32: 405
+default_sint64: 406
+default_fixed32: 407
+default_fixed64: 408
+default_sfixed32: 409
+default_sfixed64: 410
+default_float: 411
+default_double: 412
+default_bool: false
+default_string: "415"
+default_bytes: "416"
+default_nested_enum: FOO
+default_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_FOO
+default_import_enum: IMPORT_FOO
+default_string_piece: "424"
+default_cord: "425"
+oneof_uint32: 601
+oneof_nested_message {
+  bb: 602
+}
+oneof_string: "603"
+oneof_bytes: "604"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data_oneof_implemented.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data_oneof_implemented.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec95e1e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data_oneof_implemented.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+optional_int32: 101
+optional_int64: 102
+optional_uint32: 103
+optional_uint64: 104
+optional_sint32: 105
+optional_sint64: 106
+optional_fixed32: 107
+optional_fixed64: 108
+optional_sfixed32: 109
+optional_sfixed64: 110
+optional_float: 111
+optional_double: 112
+optional_bool: true
+optional_string: "115"
+optional_bytes: "116"
+OptionalGroup {
+  a: 117
+}
+optional_nested_message {
+  bb: 118
+}
+optional_foreign_message {
+  c: 119
+}
+optional_import_message {
+  d: 120
+}
+optional_nested_enum: BAZ
+optional_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAZ
+optional_import_enum: IMPORT_BAZ
+optional_string_piece: "124"
+optional_cord: "125"
+optional_public_import_message {
+  e: 126
+}
+optional_lazy_message {
+  bb: 127
+}
+repeated_int32: 201
+repeated_int32: 301
+repeated_int64: 202
+repeated_int64: 302
+repeated_uint32: 203
+repeated_uint32: 303
+repeated_uint64: 204
+repeated_uint64: 304
+repeated_sint32: 205
+repeated_sint32: 305
+repeated_sint64: 206
+repeated_sint64: 306
+repeated_fixed32: 207
+repeated_fixed32: 307
+repeated_fixed64: 208
+repeated_fixed64: 308
+repeated_sfixed32: 209
+repeated_sfixed32: 309
+repeated_sfixed64: 210
+repeated_sfixed64: 310
+repeated_float: 211
+repeated_float: 311
+repeated_double: 212
+repeated_double: 312
+repeated_bool: true
+repeated_bool: false
+repeated_string: "215"
+repeated_string: "315"
+repeated_bytes: "216"
+repeated_bytes: "316"
+RepeatedGroup {
+  a: 217
+}
+RepeatedGroup {
+  a: 317
+}
+repeated_nested_message {
+  bb: 218
+}
+repeated_nested_message {
+  bb: 318
+}
+repeated_foreign_message {
+  c: 219
+}
+repeated_foreign_message {
+  c: 319
+}
+repeated_import_message {
+  d: 220
+}
+repeated_import_message {
+  d: 320
+}
+repeated_nested_enum: BAR
+repeated_nested_enum: BAZ
+repeated_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAR
+repeated_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAZ
+repeated_import_enum: IMPORT_BAR
+repeated_import_enum: IMPORT_BAZ
+repeated_string_piece: "224"
+repeated_string_piece: "324"
+repeated_cord: "225"
+repeated_cord: "325"
+repeated_lazy_message {
+  bb: 227
+}
+repeated_lazy_message {
+  bb: 327
+}
+default_int32: 401
+default_int64: 402
+default_uint32: 403
+default_uint64: 404
+default_sint32: 405
+default_sint64: 406
+default_fixed32: 407
+default_fixed64: 408
+default_sfixed32: 409
+default_sfixed64: 410
+default_float: 411
+default_double: 412
+default_bool: false
+default_string: "415"
+default_bytes: "416"
+default_nested_enum: FOO
+default_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_FOO
+default_import_enum: IMPORT_FOO
+default_string_piece: "424"
+default_cord: "425"
+oneof_bytes: "604"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data_pointy.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data_pointy.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1011ebf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data_pointy.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+optional_int32: 101
+optional_int64: 102
+optional_uint32: 103
+optional_uint64: 104
+optional_sint32: 105
+optional_sint64: 106
+optional_fixed32: 107
+optional_fixed64: 108
+optional_sfixed32: 109
+optional_sfixed64: 110
+optional_float: 111
+optional_double: 112
+optional_bool: true
+optional_string: "115"
+optional_bytes: "116"
+OptionalGroup <
+  a: 117
+>
+optional_nested_message <
+  bb: 118
+>
+optional_foreign_message <
+  c: 119
+>
+optional_import_message <
+  d: 120
+>
+optional_nested_enum: BAZ
+optional_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAZ
+optional_import_enum: IMPORT_BAZ
+optional_string_piece: "124"
+optional_cord: "125"
+optional_public_import_message <
+  e: 126
+>
+optional_lazy_message <
+  bb: 127
+>
+repeated_int32: 201
+repeated_int32: 301
+repeated_int64: 202
+repeated_int64: 302
+repeated_uint32: 203
+repeated_uint32: 303
+repeated_uint64: 204
+repeated_uint64: 304
+repeated_sint32: 205
+repeated_sint32: 305
+repeated_sint64: 206
+repeated_sint64: 306
+repeated_fixed32: 207
+repeated_fixed32: 307
+repeated_fixed64: 208
+repeated_fixed64: 308
+repeated_sfixed32: 209
+repeated_sfixed32: 309
+repeated_sfixed64: 210
+repeated_sfixed64: 310
+repeated_float: 211
+repeated_float: 311
+repeated_double: 212
+repeated_double: 312
+repeated_bool: true
+repeated_bool: false
+repeated_string: "215"
+repeated_string: "315"
+repeated_bytes: "216"
+repeated_bytes: "316"
+RepeatedGroup <
+  a: 217
+>
+RepeatedGroup <
+  a: 317
+>
+repeated_nested_message <
+  bb: 218
+>
+repeated_nested_message <
+  bb: 318
+>
+repeated_foreign_message <
+  c: 219
+>
+repeated_foreign_message <
+  c: 319
+>
+repeated_import_message <
+  d: 220
+>
+repeated_import_message <
+  d: 320
+>
+repeated_nested_enum: BAR
+repeated_nested_enum: BAZ
+repeated_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAR
+repeated_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAZ
+repeated_import_enum: IMPORT_BAR
+repeated_import_enum: IMPORT_BAZ
+repeated_string_piece: "224"
+repeated_string_piece: "324"
+repeated_cord: "225"
+repeated_cord: "325"
+repeated_lazy_message <
+  bb: 227
+>
+repeated_lazy_message <
+  bb: 327
+>
+default_int32: 401
+default_int64: 402
+default_uint32: 403
+default_uint64: 404
+default_sint32: 405
+default_sint64: 406
+default_fixed32: 407
+default_fixed64: 408
+default_sfixed32: 409
+default_sfixed64: 410
+default_float: 411
+default_double: 412
+default_bool: false
+default_string: "415"
+default_bytes: "416"
+default_nested_enum: FOO
+default_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_FOO
+default_import_enum: IMPORT_FOO
+default_string_piece: "424"
+default_cord: "425"
+oneof_uint32: 601
+oneof_nested_message <
+  bb: 602
+>
+oneof_string: "603"
+oneof_bytes: "604"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data_pointy_oneof.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data_pointy_oneof.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95109f62a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_data_pointy_oneof.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+optional_int32: 101
+optional_int64: 102
+optional_uint32: 103
+optional_uint64: 104
+optional_sint32: 105
+optional_sint64: 106
+optional_fixed32: 107
+optional_fixed64: 108
+optional_sfixed32: 109
+optional_sfixed64: 110
+optional_float: 111
+optional_double: 112
+optional_bool: true
+optional_string: "115"
+optional_bytes: "116"
+OptionalGroup <
+  a: 117
+>
+optional_nested_message <
+  bb: 118
+>
+optional_foreign_message <
+  c: 119
+>
+optional_import_message <
+  d: 120
+>
+optional_nested_enum: BAZ
+optional_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAZ
+optional_import_enum: IMPORT_BAZ
+optional_string_piece: "124"
+optional_cord: "125"
+optional_public_import_message <
+  e: 126
+>
+optional_lazy_message <
+  bb: 127
+>
+repeated_int32: 201
+repeated_int32: 301
+repeated_int64: 202
+repeated_int64: 302
+repeated_uint32: 203
+repeated_uint32: 303
+repeated_uint64: 204
+repeated_uint64: 304
+repeated_sint32: 205
+repeated_sint32: 305
+repeated_sint64: 206
+repeated_sint64: 306
+repeated_fixed32: 207
+repeated_fixed32: 307
+repeated_fixed64: 208
+repeated_fixed64: 308
+repeated_sfixed32: 209
+repeated_sfixed32: 309
+repeated_sfixed64: 210
+repeated_sfixed64: 310
+repeated_float: 211
+repeated_float: 311
+repeated_double: 212
+repeated_double: 312
+repeated_bool: true
+repeated_bool: false
+repeated_string: "215"
+repeated_string: "315"
+repeated_bytes: "216"
+repeated_bytes: "316"
+RepeatedGroup <
+  a: 217
+>
+RepeatedGroup <
+  a: 317
+>
+repeated_nested_message <
+  bb: 218
+>
+repeated_nested_message <
+  bb: 318
+>
+repeated_foreign_message <
+  c: 219
+>
+repeated_foreign_message <
+  c: 319
+>
+repeated_import_message <
+  d: 220
+>
+repeated_import_message <
+  d: 320
+>
+repeated_nested_enum: BAR
+repeated_nested_enum: BAZ
+repeated_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAR
+repeated_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_BAZ
+repeated_import_enum: IMPORT_BAR
+repeated_import_enum: IMPORT_BAZ
+repeated_string_piece: "224"
+repeated_string_piece: "324"
+repeated_cord: "225"
+repeated_cord: "325"
+repeated_lazy_message <
+  bb: 227
+>
+repeated_lazy_message <
+  bb: 327
+>
+default_int32: 401
+default_int64: 402
+default_uint32: 403
+default_uint64: 404
+default_sint32: 405
+default_sint64: 406
+default_fixed32: 407
+default_fixed64: 408
+default_sfixed32: 409
+default_sfixed64: 410
+default_float: 411
+default_double: 412
+default_bool: false
+default_string: "415"
+default_bytes: "416"
+default_nested_enum: FOO
+default_foreign_enum: FOREIGN_FOO
+default_import_enum: IMPORT_FOO
+default_string_piece: "424"
+default_cord: "425"
+oneof_bytes: "604"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_extensions_data.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_extensions_data.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c8b1eb4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_extensions_data.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension]: 101
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_int64_extension]: 102
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_uint32_extension]: 103
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_uint64_extension]: 104
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_sint32_extension]: 105
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_sint64_extension]: 106
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_fixed32_extension]: 107
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_fixed64_extension]: 108
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_sfixed32_extension]: 109
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_sfixed64_extension]: 110
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_float_extension]: 111
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_double_extension]: 112
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_bool_extension]: true
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_string_extension]: "115"
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_bytes_extension]: "116"
+[protobuf_unittest.optionalgroup_extension] {
+  a: 117
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_nested_message_extension] {
+  bb: 118
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_foreign_message_extension] {
+  c: 119
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_import_message_extension] {
+  d: 120
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_nested_enum_extension]: BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_foreign_enum_extension]: FOREIGN_BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_import_enum_extension]: IMPORT_BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_string_piece_extension]: "124"
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_cord_extension]: "125"
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_public_import_message_extension] {
+  e: 126
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_lazy_message_extension] {
+  bb: 127
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_int32_extension]: 201
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_int32_extension]: 301
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_int64_extension]: 202
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_int64_extension]: 302
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_uint32_extension]: 203
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_uint32_extension]: 303
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_uint64_extension]: 204
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_uint64_extension]: 304
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sint32_extension]: 205
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sint32_extension]: 305
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sint64_extension]: 206
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sint64_extension]: 306
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_fixed32_extension]: 207
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_fixed32_extension]: 307
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_fixed64_extension]: 208
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_fixed64_extension]: 308
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sfixed32_extension]: 209
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sfixed32_extension]: 309
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sfixed64_extension]: 210
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sfixed64_extension]: 310
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_float_extension]: 211
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_float_extension]: 311
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_double_extension]: 212
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_double_extension]: 312
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_bool_extension]: true
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_bool_extension]: false
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_string_extension]: "215"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_string_extension]: "315"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_bytes_extension]: "216"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_bytes_extension]: "316"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeatedgroup_extension] {
+  a: 217
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeatedgroup_extension] {
+  a: 317
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension] {
+  bb: 218
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension] {
+  bb: 318
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_foreign_message_extension] {
+  c: 219
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_foreign_message_extension] {
+  c: 319
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_import_message_extension] {
+  d: 220
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_import_message_extension] {
+  d: 320
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_enum_extension]: BAR
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_enum_extension]: BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_foreign_enum_extension]: FOREIGN_BAR
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_foreign_enum_extension]: FOREIGN_BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_import_enum_extension]: IMPORT_BAR
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_import_enum_extension]: IMPORT_BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_string_piece_extension]: "224"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_string_piece_extension]: "324"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_cord_extension]: "225"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_cord_extension]: "325"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_lazy_message_extension] {
+  bb: 227
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_lazy_message_extension] {
+  bb: 327
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.default_int32_extension]: 401
+[protobuf_unittest.default_int64_extension]: 402
+[protobuf_unittest.default_uint32_extension]: 403
+[protobuf_unittest.default_uint64_extension]: 404
+[protobuf_unittest.default_sint32_extension]: 405
+[protobuf_unittest.default_sint64_extension]: 406
+[protobuf_unittest.default_fixed32_extension]: 407
+[protobuf_unittest.default_fixed64_extension]: 408
+[protobuf_unittest.default_sfixed32_extension]: 409
+[protobuf_unittest.default_sfixed64_extension]: 410
+[protobuf_unittest.default_float_extension]: 411
+[protobuf_unittest.default_double_extension]: 412
+[protobuf_unittest.default_bool_extension]: false
+[protobuf_unittest.default_string_extension]: "415"
+[protobuf_unittest.default_bytes_extension]: "416"
+[protobuf_unittest.default_nested_enum_extension]: FOO
+[protobuf_unittest.default_foreign_enum_extension]: FOREIGN_FOO
+[protobuf_unittest.default_import_enum_extension]: IMPORT_FOO
+[protobuf_unittest.default_string_piece_extension]: "424"
+[protobuf_unittest.default_cord_extension]: "425"
+[protobuf_unittest.oneof_uint32_extension]: 601
+[protobuf_unittest.oneof_nested_message_extension] {
+  bb: 602
+}
+[protobuf_unittest.oneof_string_extension]: "603"
+[protobuf_unittest.oneof_bytes_extension]: "604"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_extensions_data_pointy.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_extensions_data_pointy.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..132f7445f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testdata/text_format_unittest_extensions_data_pointy.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension]: 101
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_int64_extension]: 102
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_uint32_extension]: 103
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_uint64_extension]: 104
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_sint32_extension]: 105
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_sint64_extension]: 106
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_fixed32_extension]: 107
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_fixed64_extension]: 108
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_sfixed32_extension]: 109
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_sfixed64_extension]: 110
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_float_extension]: 111
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_double_extension]: 112
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_bool_extension]: true
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_string_extension]: "115"
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_bytes_extension]: "116"
+[protobuf_unittest.optionalgroup_extension] <
+  a: 117
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_nested_message_extension] <
+  bb: 118
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_foreign_message_extension] <
+  c: 119
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_import_message_extension] <
+  d: 120
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_nested_enum_extension]: BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_foreign_enum_extension]: FOREIGN_BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_import_enum_extension]: IMPORT_BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_string_piece_extension]: "124"
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_cord_extension]: "125"
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_public_import_message_extension] <
+  e: 126
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.optional_lazy_message_extension] <
+  bb: 127
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_int32_extension]: 201
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_int32_extension]: 301
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_int64_extension]: 202
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_int64_extension]: 302
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_uint32_extension]: 203
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_uint32_extension]: 303
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_uint64_extension]: 204
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_uint64_extension]: 304
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sint32_extension]: 205
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sint32_extension]: 305
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sint64_extension]: 206
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sint64_extension]: 306
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_fixed32_extension]: 207
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_fixed32_extension]: 307
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_fixed64_extension]: 208
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_fixed64_extension]: 308
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sfixed32_extension]: 209
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sfixed32_extension]: 309
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sfixed64_extension]: 210
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_sfixed64_extension]: 310
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_float_extension]: 211
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_float_extension]: 311
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_double_extension]: 212
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_double_extension]: 312
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_bool_extension]: true
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_bool_extension]: false
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_string_extension]: "215"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_string_extension]: "315"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_bytes_extension]: "216"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_bytes_extension]: "316"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeatedgroup_extension] <
+  a: 217
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.repeatedgroup_extension] <
+  a: 317
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension] <
+  bb: 218
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension] <
+  bb: 318
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_foreign_message_extension] <
+  c: 219
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_foreign_message_extension] <
+  c: 319
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_import_message_extension] <
+  d: 220
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_import_message_extension] <
+  d: 320
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_enum_extension]: BAR
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_enum_extension]: BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_foreign_enum_extension]: FOREIGN_BAR
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_foreign_enum_extension]: FOREIGN_BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_import_enum_extension]: IMPORT_BAR
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_import_enum_extension]: IMPORT_BAZ
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_string_piece_extension]: "224"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_string_piece_extension]: "324"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_cord_extension]: "225"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_cord_extension]: "325"
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_lazy_message_extension] <
+  bb: 227
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.repeated_lazy_message_extension] <
+  bb: 327
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.default_int32_extension]: 401
+[protobuf_unittest.default_int64_extension]: 402
+[protobuf_unittest.default_uint32_extension]: 403
+[protobuf_unittest.default_uint64_extension]: 404
+[protobuf_unittest.default_sint32_extension]: 405
+[protobuf_unittest.default_sint64_extension]: 406
+[protobuf_unittest.default_fixed32_extension]: 407
+[protobuf_unittest.default_fixed64_extension]: 408
+[protobuf_unittest.default_sfixed32_extension]: 409
+[protobuf_unittest.default_sfixed64_extension]: 410
+[protobuf_unittest.default_float_extension]: 411
+[protobuf_unittest.default_double_extension]: 412
+[protobuf_unittest.default_bool_extension]: false
+[protobuf_unittest.default_string_extension]: "415"
+[protobuf_unittest.default_bytes_extension]: "416"
+[protobuf_unittest.default_nested_enum_extension]: FOO
+[protobuf_unittest.default_foreign_enum_extension]: FOREIGN_FOO
+[protobuf_unittest.default_import_enum_extension]: IMPORT_FOO
+[protobuf_unittest.default_string_piece_extension]: "424"
+[protobuf_unittest.default_cord_extension]: "425"
+[protobuf_unittest.oneof_uint32_extension]: 601
+[protobuf_unittest.oneof_nested_message_extension] <
+  bb: 602
+>
+[protobuf_unittest.oneof_string_extension]: "603"
+[protobuf_unittest.oneof_bytes_extension]: "604"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d3708e3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+// emulates google3/file/base/file.cc
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN  // yeah, right
+#include <windows.h>         // Find*File().  :(
+// #include <direct.h>
+#else
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// Windows doesn't have symbolic links.
+#define lstat stat
+// DO NOT include <io.h>, instead create functions in io_win32.{h,cc} and import
+// them like we do below.
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::access;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::chdir;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::fopen;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::mkdir;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::stat;
+#endif
+
+bool File::Exists(const string& name) {
+  return access(name.c_str(), F_OK) == 0;
+}
+
+bool File::ReadFileToString(const string& name, string* output, bool text_mode) {
+  char buffer[1024];
+  FILE* file = fopen(name.c_str(), text_mode ? "rt" : "rb");
+  if (file == NULL) return false;
+
+  while (true) {
+    size_t n = fread(buffer, 1, sizeof(buffer), file);
+    if (n <= 0) break;
+    output->append(buffer, n);
+  }
+
+  int error = ferror(file);
+  if (fclose(file) != 0) return false;
+  return error == 0;
+}
+
+void File::ReadFileToStringOrDie(const string& name, string* output) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(ReadFileToString(name, output)) << "Could not read: " << name;
+}
+
+bool File::WriteStringToFile(const string& contents, const string& name) {
+  FILE* file = fopen(name.c_str(), "wb");
+  if (file == NULL) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "fopen(" << name << ", \"wb\"): " << strerror(errno);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (fwrite(contents.data(), 1, contents.size(), file) != contents.size()) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "fwrite(" << name << "): " << strerror(errno);
+    fclose(file);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (fclose(file) != 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void File::WriteStringToFileOrDie(const string& contents, const string& name) {
+  FILE* file = fopen(name.c_str(), "wb");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file != NULL)
+      << "fopen(" << name << ", \"wb\"): " << strerror(errno);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(fwrite(contents.data(), 1, contents.size(), file),
+                  contents.size())
+      << "fwrite(" << name << "): " << strerror(errno);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(fclose(file) == 0)
+      << "fclose(" << name << "): " << strerror(errno);
+}
+
+bool File::CreateDir(const string& name, int mode) {
+  if (!name.empty()) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(name[name.size() - 1] != '.');
+  }
+  return mkdir(name.c_str(), mode) == 0;
+}
+
+bool File::RecursivelyCreateDir(const string& path, int mode) {
+  if (CreateDir(path, mode)) return true;
+
+  if (Exists(path)) return false;
+
+  // Try creating the parent.
+  string::size_type slashpos = path.find_last_of('/');
+  if (slashpos == string::npos) {
+    // No parent given.
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return RecursivelyCreateDir(path.substr(0, slashpos), mode) &&
+         CreateDir(path, mode);
+}
+
+void File::DeleteRecursively(const string& name,
+                             void* dummy1, void* dummy2) {
+  if (name.empty()) return;
+
+  // We don't care too much about error checking here since this is only used
+  // in tests to delete temporary directories that are under /tmp anyway.
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+  // This interface is so weird.
+  WIN32_FIND_DATAA find_data;
+  HANDLE find_handle = FindFirstFileA((name + "/*").c_str(), &find_data);
+  if (find_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+    // Just delete it, whatever it is.
+    DeleteFileA(name.c_str());
+    RemoveDirectoryA(name.c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  do {
+    string entry_name = find_data.cFileName;
+    if (entry_name != "." && entry_name != "..") {
+      string path = name + "/" + entry_name;
+      if (find_data.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
+        DeleteRecursively(path, NULL, NULL);
+        RemoveDirectoryA(path.c_str());
+      } else {
+        DeleteFileA(path.c_str());
+      }
+    }
+  } while(FindNextFileA(find_handle, &find_data));
+  FindClose(find_handle);
+
+  RemoveDirectoryA(name.c_str());
+#else
+  // Use opendir()!  Yay!
+  // lstat = Don't follow symbolic links.
+  struct stat stats;
+  if (lstat(name.c_str(), &stats) != 0) return;
+
+  if (S_ISDIR(stats.st_mode)) {
+    DIR* dir = opendir(name.c_str());
+    if (dir != NULL) {
+      while (true) {
+        struct dirent* entry = readdir(dir);
+        if (entry == NULL) break;
+        string entry_name = entry->d_name;
+        if (entry_name != "." && entry_name != "..") {
+          DeleteRecursively(name + "/" + entry_name, NULL, NULL);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    closedir(dir);
+    rmdir(name.c_str());
+
+  } else if (S_ISREG(stats.st_mode)) {
+    remove(name.c_str());
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+bool File::ChangeWorkingDirectory(const string& new_working_directory) {
+  return chdir(new_working_directory.c_str()) == 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45989967c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.h
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+// emulates google3/file/base/file.h
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TESTING_FILE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TESTING_FILE_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+const int DEFAULT_FILE_MODE = 0777;
+
+// Protocol buffer code only uses a couple static methods of File, and only
+// in tests.
+class File {
+ public:
+  // Check if the file exists.
+  static bool Exists(const string& name);
+
+  // Read an entire file to a string.  Return true if successful, false
+  // otherwise.
+  static bool ReadFileToString(const string& name, string* output, bool text_mode = false);
+
+  // Same as above, but crash on failure.
+  static void ReadFileToStringOrDie(const string& name, string* output);
+
+  // Create a file and write a string to it.
+  static bool WriteStringToFile(const string& contents,
+                                const string& name);
+
+  // Same as above, but crash on failure.
+  static void WriteStringToFileOrDie(const string& contents,
+                                     const string& name);
+
+  // Create a directory.
+  static bool CreateDir(const string& name, int mode);
+
+  // Create a directory and all parent directories if necessary.
+  static bool RecursivelyCreateDir(const string& path, int mode);
+
+  // If "name" is a file, we delete it.  If it is a directory, we
+  // call DeleteRecursively() for each file or directory (other than
+  // dot and double-dot) within it, and then delete the directory itself.
+  // The "dummy" parameters have a meaning in the original version of this
+  // method but they are not used anywhere in protocol buffers.
+  static void DeleteRecursively(const string& name,
+                                void* dummy1, void* dummy2);
+
+  // Change working directory to given directory.
+  static bool ChangeWorkingDirectory(const string& new_working_directory);
+
+  static bool GetContents(
+      const string& name, string* output, bool /*is_default*/) {
+    return ReadFileToString(name, output);
+  }
+
+  static bool GetContentsAsText(
+      const string& name, string* output, bool /*is_default*/) {
+    return ReadFileToString(name, output, true);
+  }
+
+  static bool SetContents(
+      const string& name, const string& contents, bool /*is_default*/) {
+    return WriteStringToFile(contents, name);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(File);
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TESTING_FILE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/googletest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/googletest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1856971cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/googletest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+// emulates google3/testing/base/public/googletest.cc
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/io_win32.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+// #include <direct.h>
+#else
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// DO NOT include <io.h>, instead create functions in io_win32.{h,cc} and import
+// them like we do below.
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::close;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::dup2;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::dup;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::mkdir;
+using google::protobuf::io::win32::open;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef O_BINARY
+#ifdef _O_BINARY
+#define O_BINARY _O_BINARY
+#else
+#define O_BINARY 0     // If this isn't defined, the platform doesn't need it.
+#endif
+#endif
+
+string TestSourceDir() {
+#ifndef GOOGLE_THIRD_PARTY_PROTOBUF
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_SOURCE_PATH
+  return GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_SOURCE_PATH;
+#else
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+  // automake sets the "srcdir" environment variable.
+  char* result = getenv("srcdir");
+  if (result != NULL) {
+    return result;
+  }
+#endif  // _MSC_VER
+
+  // Look for the "src" directory.
+  string prefix = ".";
+
+  // Keep looking further up the directory tree until we find
+  // src/.../descriptor.cc. It is important to look for a particular file,
+  // keeping in mind that with Bazel builds the directory structure under
+  // bazel-bin/ looks similar to the main directory tree in the Git repo.
+  while (!File::Exists(prefix + "/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc")) {
+    if (!File::Exists(prefix)) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)
+        << "Could not find protobuf source code.  Please run tests from "
+           "somewhere within the protobuf source package.";
+    }
+    prefix += "/..";
+  }
+  return prefix + "/src";
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEST_SOURCE_PATH
+#else
+  return "third_party/protobuf/src";
+#endif  // GOOGLE_THIRD_PARTY_PROTOBUF
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+string GetTemporaryDirectoryName() {
+  // Tests run under Bazel "should not" use /tmp. Bazel sets this environment
+  // variable for tests to use instead.
+  char *from_environment = getenv("TEST_TMPDIR");
+  if (from_environment != NULL && from_environment[0] != '\0') {
+    return string(from_environment) + "/protobuf_tmpdir";
+  }
+
+  // tmpnam() is generally not considered safe but we're only using it for
+  // testing.  We cannot use tmpfile() or mkstemp() since we're creating a
+  // directory.
+  char b[L_tmpnam + 1];     // HPUX multithread return 0 if s is 0
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+  string result = tmpnam(b);
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  // Avoid a trailing dot by changing it to an underscore. On Win32 the names of
+  // files and directories can, but should not, end with dot.
+  //
+  // In MS-DOS and FAT16 filesystem the filenames were 8dot3 style so it didn't
+  // make sense to have a name ending in dot without an extension, so the shell
+  // silently ignored trailing dots. To this day the Win32 API still maintains
+  // this behavior and silently ignores trailing dots in path arguments of
+  // functions such as CreateFile{A,W}. Even POSIX API function implementations
+  // seem to wrap the Win32 API functions (e.g. CreateDirectoryA) and behave
+  // this way.
+  // It's possible to avoid this behavior and create files / directories with
+  // trailing dots (using CreateFileW / CreateDirectoryW and prefixing the path
+  // with "\\?\") but these will be degenerate in the sense that you cannot
+  // chdir into such directories (or navigate into them with Windows Explorer)
+  // nor can you open such files with some programs (e.g. Notepad).
+  if (result[result.size() - 1] == '.') {
+    result[result.size() - 1] = '_';
+  }
+  // On Win32, tmpnam() returns a file prefixed with '\', but which is supposed
+  // to be used in the current working directory.  WTF?
+  if (HasPrefixString(result, "\\")) {
+    result.erase(0, 1);
+  }
+  // The Win32 API accepts forward slashes as a path delimiter as long as the
+  // path doesn't use the "\\?\" prefix.
+  // Let's avoid confusion and use only forward slashes.
+  result = StringReplace(result, "\\", "/", true);
+#endif  // _WIN32
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Creates a temporary directory on demand and deletes it when the process
+// quits.
+class TempDirDeleter {
+ public:
+  TempDirDeleter() {}
+  ~TempDirDeleter() {
+    if (!name_.empty()) {
+      File::DeleteRecursively(name_, NULL, NULL);
+    }
+  }
+
+  string GetTempDir() {
+    if (name_.empty()) {
+      name_ = GetTemporaryDirectoryName();
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(mkdir(name_.c_str(), 0777) == 0) << strerror(errno);
+
+      // Stick a file in the directory that tells people what this is, in case
+      // we abort and don't get a chance to delete it.
+      File::WriteStringToFileOrDie("", name_ + "/TEMP_DIR_FOR_PROTOBUF_TESTS");
+    }
+    return name_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  string name_;
+};
+
+TempDirDeleter temp_dir_deleter_;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+string TestTempDir() {
+  return temp_dir_deleter_.GetTempDir();
+}
+
+// TODO(kenton):  Share duplicated code below.  Too busy/lazy for now.
+
+static string stdout_capture_filename_;
+static string stderr_capture_filename_;
+static int original_stdout_ = -1;
+static int original_stderr_ = -1;
+
+void CaptureTestStdout() {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(original_stdout_, -1) << "Already capturing.";
+
+  stdout_capture_filename_ = TestTempDir() + "/captured_stdout";
+
+  int fd = open(stdout_capture_filename_.c_str(),
+                O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_BINARY, 0777);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(fd >= 0) << "open: " << strerror(errno);
+
+  original_stdout_ = dup(1);
+  close(1);
+  dup2(fd, 1);
+  close(fd);
+}
+
+void CaptureTestStderr() {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(original_stderr_, -1) << "Already capturing.";
+
+  stderr_capture_filename_ = TestTempDir() + "/captured_stderr";
+
+  int fd = open(stderr_capture_filename_.c_str(),
+                O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_BINARY, 0777);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(fd >= 0) << "open: " << strerror(errno);
+
+  original_stderr_ = dup(2);
+  close(2);
+  dup2(fd, 2);
+  close(fd);
+}
+
+string GetCapturedTestStdout() {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(original_stdout_, -1) << "Not capturing.";
+
+  close(1);
+  dup2(original_stdout_, 1);
+  original_stdout_ = -1;
+
+  string result;
+  File::ReadFileToStringOrDie(stdout_capture_filename_, &result);
+
+  remove(stdout_capture_filename_.c_str());
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+string GetCapturedTestStderr() {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(original_stderr_, -1) << "Not capturing.";
+
+  close(2);
+  dup2(original_stderr_, 2);
+  original_stderr_ = -1;
+
+  string result;
+  File::ReadFileToStringOrDie(stderr_capture_filename_, &result);
+
+  remove(stderr_capture_filename_.c_str());
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+ScopedMemoryLog* ScopedMemoryLog::active_log_ = NULL;
+
+ScopedMemoryLog::ScopedMemoryLog() {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(active_log_ == NULL);
+  active_log_ = this;
+  old_handler_ = SetLogHandler(&HandleLog);
+}
+
+ScopedMemoryLog::~ScopedMemoryLog() {
+  SetLogHandler(old_handler_);
+  active_log_ = NULL;
+}
+
+const std::vector<string>& ScopedMemoryLog::GetMessages(LogLevel level) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(level == ERROR ||
+               level == WARNING);
+  return messages_[level];
+}
+
+void ScopedMemoryLog::HandleLog(LogLevel level, const char* filename,
+                                int line, const string& message) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(active_log_ != NULL);
+  if (level == ERROR || level == WARNING) {
+    active_log_->messages_[level].push_back(message);
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Force shutdown at process exit so that we can test for memory leaks.  To
+// actually check for leaks, I suggest using the heap checker included with
+// google-perftools.  Set it to "draconian" mode to ensure that every last
+// call to malloc() has a corresponding free().
+struct ForceShutdown {
+  ~ForceShutdown() {
+    ShutdownProtobufLibrary();
+    // Test to shutdown the library twice, which should succeed.
+    ShutdownProtobufLibrary();
+  }
+} force_shutdown;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e0cb83a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+// emulates google3/testing/base/public/googletest.h
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GOOGLETEST_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GOOGLETEST_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+// Disable death tests if we use exceptions in CHECK().
+#if !PROTOBUF_USE_EXCEPTIONS && defined(GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST) && \
+    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+#define PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// When running unittests, get the directory containing the source code.
+string TestSourceDir();
+
+// When running unittests, get a directory where temporary files may be
+// placed.
+string TestTempDir();
+
+// Capture all text written to stdout or stderr.
+void CaptureTestStdout();
+void CaptureTestStderr();
+
+// Stop capturing stdout or stderr and return the text captured.
+string GetCapturedTestStdout();
+string GetCapturedTestStderr();
+
+// For use with ScopedMemoryLog::GetMessages().  Inside Google the LogLevel
+// constants don't have the LOGLEVEL_ prefix, so the code that used
+// ScopedMemoryLog refers to LOGLEVEL_ERROR as just ERROR.
+#undef ERROR  // defend against promiscuous windows.h
+static const LogLevel ERROR = LOGLEVEL_ERROR;
+static const LogLevel WARNING = LOGLEVEL_WARNING;
+
+// Receives copies of all LOG(ERROR) messages while in scope.  Sample usage:
+//   {
+//     ScopedMemoryLog log;  // constructor registers object as a log sink
+//     SomeRoutineThatMayLogMessages();
+//     const vector<string>& warnings = log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+//   }  // destructor unregisters object as a log sink
+// This is a dummy implementation which covers only what is used by protocol
+// buffer unit tests.
+class ScopedMemoryLog {
+ public:
+  ScopedMemoryLog();
+  virtual ~ScopedMemoryLog();
+
+  // Fetches all messages with the given severity level.
+  const std::vector<string>& GetMessages(LogLevel error);
+
+ private:
+  std::map<LogLevel, std::vector<string> > messages_;
+  LogHandler* old_handler_;
+
+  static void HandleLog(LogLevel level, const char* filename, int line,
+                        const string& message);
+
+  static ScopedMemoryLog* active_log_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ScopedMemoryLog);
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GOOGLETEST_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/zcgunzip.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/zcgunzip.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68f8172f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/zcgunzip.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2009 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: brianolson@google.com (Brian Olson)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Test program to verify that GzipInputStream is compatible with command line
+// gunzip or java.util.zip.GzipInputStream
+//
+// Reads gzip stream on standard input and writes decompressed data to standard
+// output.
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifndef STDIN_FILENO
+#define STDIN_FILENO 0
+#endif
+#ifndef STDOUT_FILENO
+#define STDOUT_FILENO 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+
+using google::protobuf::io::FileInputStream;
+using google::protobuf::io::GzipInputStream;
+
+int main(int argc, const char** argv) {
+  FileInputStream fin(STDIN_FILENO);
+  GzipInputStream in(&fin);
+
+  while (true) {
+    const void* inptr;
+    int inlen;
+    bool ok;
+    ok = in.Next(&inptr, &inlen);
+    if (!ok) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if (inlen > 0) {
+      int err = write(STDOUT_FILENO, inptr, inlen);
+      if (err != inlen) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "write unexpectedly returned %d.\n", err);
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/zcgzip.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/zcgzip.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..808d058a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/testing/zcgzip.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2009 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: brianolson@google.com (Brian Olson)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Test program to verify that GzipOutputStream is compatible with command line
+// gzip or java.util.zip.GzipOutputStream
+//
+// Reads data on standard input and writes compressed gzip stream to standard
+// output.
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifndef STDIN_FILENO
+#define STDIN_FILENO 0
+#endif
+#ifndef STDOUT_FILENO
+#define STDOUT_FILENO 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+
+using google::protobuf::io::FileOutputStream;
+using google::protobuf::io::GzipOutputStream;
+
+int main(int argc, const char** argv) {
+  FileOutputStream fout(STDOUT_FILENO);
+  GzipOutputStream out(&fout);
+  int readlen;
+
+  while (true) {
+    void* outptr;
+    int outlen;
+    bool ok;
+    do {
+      ok = out.Next(&outptr, &outlen);
+      if (!ok) {
+        break;
+      }
+    } while (outlen <= 0);
+    readlen = read(STDIN_FILENO, outptr, outlen);
+    if (readlen <= 0) {
+      out.BackUp(outlen);
+      break;
+    }
+    if (readlen < outlen) {
+      out.BackUp(outlen - readlen);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b3308892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2510 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jschorr@google.com (Joseph Schorr)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+
+#include <float.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <climits>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <limits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/any.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/strtod.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+
+inline bool IsHexNumber(const std::string& str) {
+  return (str.length() >= 2 && str[0] == '0' &&
+          (str[1] == 'x' || str[1] == 'X'));
+}
+
+inline bool IsOctNumber(const std::string& str) {
+  return (str.length() >= 2 && str[0] == '0' &&
+          (str[1] >= '0' && str[1] < '8'));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+std::string Message::DebugString() const {
+  std::string debug_string;
+
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  printer.SetExpandAny(true);
+
+  printer.PrintToString(*this, &debug_string);
+
+  return debug_string;
+}
+
+std::string Message::ShortDebugString() const {
+  std::string debug_string;
+
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  printer.SetSingleLineMode(true);
+  printer.SetExpandAny(true);
+
+  printer.PrintToString(*this, &debug_string);
+  // Single line mode currently might have an extra space at the end.
+  if (debug_string.size() > 0 && debug_string[debug_string.size() - 1] == ' ') {
+    debug_string.resize(debug_string.size() - 1);
+  }
+
+  return debug_string;
+}
+
+std::string Message::Utf8DebugString() const {
+  std::string debug_string;
+
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  printer.SetUseUtf8StringEscaping(true);
+  printer.SetExpandAny(true);
+
+  printer.PrintToString(*this, &debug_string);
+
+  return debug_string;
+}
+
+void Message::PrintDebugString() const { printf("%s", DebugString().c_str()); }
+
+
+// ===========================================================================
+// Implementation of the parse information tree class.
+void TextFormat::ParseInfoTree::RecordLocation(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, TextFormat::ParseLocation location) {
+  locations_[field].push_back(location);
+}
+
+TextFormat::ParseInfoTree* TextFormat::ParseInfoTree::CreateNested(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // Owned by us in the map.
+  auto& vec = nested_[field];
+  vec.emplace_back(new TextFormat::ParseInfoTree());
+  return vec.back().get();
+}
+
+void CheckFieldIndex(const FieldDescriptor* field, int index) {
+  if (field == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (field->is_repeated() && index == -1) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Index must be in range of repeated field values. "
+                << "Field: " << field->name();
+  } else if (!field->is_repeated() && index != -1) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Index must be -1 for singular fields."
+                << "Field: " << field->name();
+  }
+}
+
+TextFormat::ParseLocation TextFormat::ParseInfoTree::GetLocation(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, int index) const {
+  CheckFieldIndex(field, index);
+  if (index == -1) {
+    index = 0;
+  }
+
+  const std::vector<TextFormat::ParseLocation>* locations =
+      FindOrNull(locations_, field);
+  if (locations == nullptr || index >= locations->size()) {
+    return TextFormat::ParseLocation();
+  }
+
+  return (*locations)[index];
+}
+
+TextFormat::ParseInfoTree* TextFormat::ParseInfoTree::GetTreeForNested(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, int index) const {
+  CheckFieldIndex(field, index);
+  if (index == -1) {
+    index = 0;
+  }
+
+  auto it = nested_.find(field);
+  if (it == nested_.end() || index >= it->second.size()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return it->second[index].get();
+}
+
+namespace {
+// These functions implement the behavior of the "default" TextFormat::Finder,
+// they are defined as standalone to be called when finder_ is nullptr.
+const FieldDescriptor* DefaultFinderFindExtension(Message* message,
+                                                  const std::string& name) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message->GetDescriptor();
+  return descriptor->file()->pool()->FindExtensionByPrintableName(descriptor,
+                                                                  name);
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* DefaultFinderFindExtensionByNumber(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, int number) {
+  return descriptor->file()->pool()->FindExtensionByNumber(descriptor, number);
+}
+
+const Descriptor* DefaultFinderFindAnyType(const Message& message,
+                                           const std::string& prefix,
+                                           const std::string& name) {
+  if (prefix != internal::kTypeGoogleApisComPrefix &&
+      prefix != internal::kTypeGoogleProdComPrefix) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return message.GetDescriptor()->file()->pool()->FindMessageTypeByName(name);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===========================================================================
+// Internal class for parsing an ASCII representation of a Protocol Message.
+// This class makes use of the Protocol Message compiler's tokenizer found
+// in //net/proto2/io/public/tokenizer.h. Note that class's Parse
+// method is *not* thread-safe and should only be used in a single thread at
+// a time.
+
+// Makes code slightly more readable.  The meaning of "DO(foo)" is
+// "Execute foo and fail if it fails.", where failure is indicated by
+// returning false. Borrowed from parser.cc (Thanks Kenton!).
+#define DO(STATEMENT) \
+  if (STATEMENT) {    \
+  } else {            \
+    return false;     \
+  }
+
+class TextFormat::Parser::ParserImpl {
+ public:
+  // Determines if repeated values for non-repeated fields and
+  // oneofs are permitted, e.g., the string "foo: 1 foo: 2" for a
+  // required/optional field named "foo", or "baz: 1 qux: 2"
+  // where "baz" and "qux" are members of the same oneof.
+  enum SingularOverwritePolicy {
+    ALLOW_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES = 0,   // the last value is retained
+    FORBID_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES = 1,  // an error is issued
+  };
+
+  ParserImpl(const Descriptor* root_message_type,
+             io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input_stream,
+             io::ErrorCollector* error_collector,
+             const TextFormat::Finder* finder, ParseInfoTree* parse_info_tree,
+             SingularOverwritePolicy singular_overwrite_policy,
+             bool allow_case_insensitive_field, bool allow_unknown_field,
+             bool allow_unknown_extension, bool allow_unknown_enum,
+             bool allow_field_number, bool allow_relaxed_whitespace,
+             bool allow_partial, int recursion_limit)
+      : error_collector_(error_collector),
+        finder_(finder),
+        parse_info_tree_(parse_info_tree),
+        tokenizer_error_collector_(this),
+        tokenizer_(input_stream, &tokenizer_error_collector_),
+        root_message_type_(root_message_type),
+        singular_overwrite_policy_(singular_overwrite_policy),
+        allow_case_insensitive_field_(allow_case_insensitive_field),
+        allow_unknown_field_(allow_unknown_field),
+        allow_unknown_extension_(allow_unknown_extension),
+        allow_unknown_enum_(allow_unknown_enum),
+        allow_field_number_(allow_field_number),
+        allow_partial_(allow_partial),
+        recursion_limit_(recursion_limit),
+        had_errors_(false) {
+    // For backwards-compatibility with proto1, we need to allow the 'f' suffix
+    // for floats.
+    tokenizer_.set_allow_f_after_float(true);
+
+    // '#' starts a comment.
+    tokenizer_.set_comment_style(io::Tokenizer::SH_COMMENT_STYLE);
+
+    if (allow_relaxed_whitespace) {
+      tokenizer_.set_require_space_after_number(false);
+      tokenizer_.set_allow_multiline_strings(true);
+    }
+
+    // Consume the starting token.
+    tokenizer_.Next();
+  }
+  ~ParserImpl() {}
+
+  // Parses the ASCII representation specified in input and saves the
+  // information into the output pointer (a Message). Returns
+  // false if an error occurs (an error will also be logged to
+  // GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR)).
+  bool Parse(Message* output) {
+    // Consume fields until we cannot do so anymore.
+    while (true) {
+      if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_END)) {
+        return !had_errors_;
+      }
+
+      DO(ConsumeField(output));
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool ParseField(const FieldDescriptor* field, Message* output) {
+    bool suc;
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      suc = ConsumeFieldMessage(output, output->GetReflection(), field);
+    } else {
+      suc = ConsumeFieldValue(output, output->GetReflection(), field);
+    }
+    return suc && LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_END);
+  }
+
+  void ReportError(int line, int col, const std::string& message) {
+    had_errors_ = true;
+    if (error_collector_ == nullptr) {
+      if (line >= 0) {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Error parsing text-format "
+                   << root_message_type_->full_name() << ": " << (line + 1)
+                   << ":" << (col + 1) << ": " << message;
+      } else {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Error parsing text-format "
+                   << root_message_type_->full_name() << ": " << message;
+      }
+    } else {
+      error_collector_->AddError(line, col, message);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void ReportWarning(int line, int col, const std::string& message) {
+    if (error_collector_ == nullptr) {
+      if (line >= 0) {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Warning parsing text-format "
+                     << root_message_type_->full_name() << ": " << (line + 1)
+                     << ":" << (col + 1) << ": " << message;
+      } else {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Warning parsing text-format "
+                     << root_message_type_->full_name() << ": " << message;
+      }
+    } else {
+      error_collector_->AddWarning(line, col, message);
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ParserImpl);
+
+  // Reports an error with the given message with information indicating
+  // the position (as derived from the current token).
+  void ReportError(const std::string& message) {
+    ReportError(tokenizer_.current().line, tokenizer_.current().column,
+                message);
+  }
+
+  // Reports a warning with the given message with information indicating
+  // the position (as derived from the current token).
+  void ReportWarning(const std::string& message) {
+    ReportWarning(tokenizer_.current().line, tokenizer_.current().column,
+                  message);
+  }
+
+  // Consumes the specified message with the given starting delimiter.
+  // This method checks to see that the end delimiter at the conclusion of
+  // the consumption matches the starting delimiter passed in here.
+  bool ConsumeMessage(Message* message, const std::string delimiter) {
+    while (!LookingAt(">") && !LookingAt("}")) {
+      DO(ConsumeField(message));
+    }
+
+    // Confirm that we have a valid ending delimiter.
+    DO(Consume(delimiter));
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Consume either "<" or "{".
+  bool ConsumeMessageDelimiter(std::string* delimiter) {
+    if (TryConsume("<")) {
+      *delimiter = ">";
+    } else {
+      DO(Consume("{"));
+      *delimiter = "}";
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+
+  // Consumes the current field (as returned by the tokenizer) on the
+  // passed in message.
+  bool ConsumeField(Message* message) {
+    const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+    const Descriptor* descriptor = message->GetDescriptor();
+
+    std::string field_name;
+    bool reserved_field = false;
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = nullptr;
+    int start_line = tokenizer_.current().line;
+    int start_column = tokenizer_.current().column;
+
+    const FieldDescriptor* any_type_url_field;
+    const FieldDescriptor* any_value_field;
+    if (internal::GetAnyFieldDescriptors(*message, &any_type_url_field,
+                                         &any_value_field) &&
+        TryConsume("[")) {
+      std::string full_type_name, prefix;
+      DO(ConsumeAnyTypeUrl(&full_type_name, &prefix));
+      DO(Consume("]"));
+      TryConsume(":");  // ':' is optional between message labels and values.
+      std::string serialized_value;
+      const Descriptor* value_descriptor =
+          finder_ ? finder_->FindAnyType(*message, prefix, full_type_name)
+                  : DefaultFinderFindAnyType(*message, prefix, full_type_name);
+      if (value_descriptor == nullptr) {
+        ReportError("Could not find type \"" + prefix + full_type_name +
+                    "\" stored in google.protobuf.Any.");
+        return false;
+      }
+      DO(ConsumeAnyValue(value_descriptor, &serialized_value));
+      if (singular_overwrite_policy_ == FORBID_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES) {
+        // Fail if any_type_url_field has already been specified.
+        if ((!any_type_url_field->is_repeated() &&
+             reflection->HasField(*message, any_type_url_field)) ||
+            (!any_value_field->is_repeated() &&
+             reflection->HasField(*message, any_value_field))) {
+          ReportError("Non-repeated Any specified multiple times.");
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      reflection->SetString(message, any_type_url_field,
+                            std::string(prefix + full_type_name));
+      reflection->SetString(message, any_value_field, serialized_value);
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (TryConsume("[")) {
+      // Extension.
+      DO(ConsumeFullTypeName(&field_name));
+      DO(Consume("]"));
+
+      field = finder_ ? finder_->FindExtension(message, field_name)
+                      : DefaultFinderFindExtension(message, field_name);
+
+      if (field == nullptr) {
+        if (!allow_unknown_field_ && !allow_unknown_extension_) {
+          ReportError("Extension \"" + field_name +
+                      "\" is not defined or "
+                      "is not an extension of \"" +
+                      descriptor->full_name() + "\".");
+          return false;
+        } else {
+          ReportWarning("Ignoring extension \"" + field_name +
+                        "\" which is not defined or is not an extension of \"" +
+                        descriptor->full_name() + "\".");
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&field_name));
+
+      int32 field_number;
+      if (allow_field_number_ &&
+          safe_strto32(field_name, &field_number)) {
+        if (descriptor->IsExtensionNumber(field_number)) {
+          field = finder_
+                      ? finder_->FindExtensionByNumber(descriptor, field_number)
+                      : DefaultFinderFindExtensionByNumber(descriptor,
+                                                           field_number);
+        } else if (descriptor->IsReservedNumber(field_number)) {
+          reserved_field = true;
+        } else {
+          field = descriptor->FindFieldByNumber(field_number);
+        }
+      } else {
+        field = descriptor->FindFieldByName(field_name);
+        // Group names are expected to be capitalized as they appear in the
+        // .proto file, which actually matches their type names, not their
+        // field names.
+        if (field == nullptr) {
+          std::string lower_field_name = field_name;
+          LowerString(&lower_field_name);
+          field = descriptor->FindFieldByName(lower_field_name);
+          // If the case-insensitive match worked but the field is NOT a group,
+          if (field != nullptr &&
+              field->type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+            field = nullptr;
+          }
+        }
+        // Again, special-case group names as described above.
+        if (field != nullptr && field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP &&
+            field->message_type()->name() != field_name) {
+          field = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        if (field == nullptr && allow_case_insensitive_field_) {
+          std::string lower_field_name = field_name;
+          LowerString(&lower_field_name);
+          field = descriptor->FindFieldByLowercaseName(lower_field_name);
+        }
+
+        if (field == nullptr) {
+          reserved_field = descriptor->IsReservedName(field_name);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (field == nullptr && !reserved_field) {
+        if (!allow_unknown_field_) {
+          ReportError("Message type \"" + descriptor->full_name() +
+                      "\" has no field named \"" + field_name + "\".");
+          return false;
+        } else {
+          ReportWarning("Message type \"" + descriptor->full_name() +
+                        "\" has no field named \"" + field_name + "\".");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Skips unknown or reserved fields.
+    if (field == nullptr) {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(allow_unknown_field_ || allow_unknown_extension_ || reserved_field);
+
+      // Try to guess the type of this field.
+      // If this field is not a message, there should be a ":" between the
+      // field name and the field value and also the field value should not
+      // start with "{" or "<" which indicates the beginning of a message body.
+      // If there is no ":" or there is a "{" or "<" after ":", this field has
+      // to be a message or the input is ill-formed.
+      if (TryConsume(":") && !LookingAt("{") && !LookingAt("<")) {
+        return SkipFieldValue();
+      } else {
+        return SkipFieldMessage();
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (singular_overwrite_policy_ == FORBID_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES) {
+      // Fail if the field is not repeated and it has already been specified.
+      if (!field->is_repeated() && reflection->HasField(*message, field)) {
+        ReportError("Non-repeated field \"" + field_name +
+                    "\" is specified multiple times.");
+        return false;
+      }
+      // Fail if the field is a member of a oneof and another member has already
+      // been specified.
+      const OneofDescriptor* oneof = field->containing_oneof();
+      if (oneof != nullptr && reflection->HasOneof(*message, oneof)) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* other_field =
+            reflection->GetOneofFieldDescriptor(*message, oneof);
+        ReportError("Field \"" + field_name +
+                    "\" is specified along with "
+                    "field \"" +
+                    other_field->name() +
+                    "\", another member "
+                    "of oneof \"" +
+                    oneof->name() + "\".");
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Perform special handling for embedded message types.
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      // ':' is optional here.
+      bool consumed_semicolon = TryConsume(":");
+      if (consumed_semicolon && field->options().weak() &&
+          LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING)) {
+        // we are getting a bytes string for a weak field.
+        std::string tmp;
+        DO(ConsumeString(&tmp));
+        MessageFactory* factory =
+            finder_ ? finder_->FindExtensionFactory(field) : nullptr;
+        reflection->MutableMessage(message, field, factory)
+            ->ParseFromString(tmp);
+        goto label_skip_parsing;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // ':' is required here.
+      DO(Consume(":"));
+    }
+
+    if (field->is_repeated() && TryConsume("[")) {
+      // Short repeated format, e.g.  "foo: [1, 2, 3]".
+      if (!TryConsume("]")) {
+        // "foo: []" is treated as empty.
+        while (true) {
+          if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+            // Perform special handling for embedded message types.
+            DO(ConsumeFieldMessage(message, reflection, field));
+          } else {
+            DO(ConsumeFieldValue(message, reflection, field));
+          }
+          if (TryConsume("]")) {
+            break;
+          }
+          DO(Consume(","));
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      DO(ConsumeFieldMessage(message, reflection, field));
+    } else {
+      DO(ConsumeFieldValue(message, reflection, field));
+    }
+  label_skip_parsing:
+    // For historical reasons, fields may optionally be separated by commas or
+    // semicolons.
+    TryConsume(";") || TryConsume(",");
+
+    if (field->options().deprecated()) {
+      ReportWarning("text format contains deprecated field \"" + field_name +
+                    "\"");
+    }
+
+    // If a parse info tree exists, add the location for the parsed
+    // field.
+    if (parse_info_tree_ != nullptr) {
+      RecordLocation(parse_info_tree_, field,
+                     ParseLocation(start_line, start_column));
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Skips the next field including the field's name and value.
+  bool SkipField() {
+    if (TryConsume("[")) {
+      // Extension name or type URL.
+      DO(ConsumeTypeUrlOrFullTypeName());
+      DO(Consume("]"));
+    } else {
+      std::string field_name;
+      DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&field_name));
+    }
+
+    // Try to guess the type of this field.
+    // If this field is not a message, there should be a ":" between the
+    // field name and the field value and also the field value should not
+    // start with "{" or "<" which indicates the beginning of a message body.
+    // If there is no ":" or there is a "{" or "<" after ":", this field has
+    // to be a message or the input is ill-formed.
+    if (TryConsume(":") && !LookingAt("{") && !LookingAt("<")) {
+      DO(SkipFieldValue());
+    } else {
+      DO(SkipFieldMessage());
+    }
+    // For historical reasons, fields may optionally be separated by commas or
+    // semicolons.
+    TryConsume(";") || TryConsume(",");
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool ConsumeFieldMessage(Message* message, const Reflection* reflection,
+                           const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+    if (--recursion_limit_ < 0) {
+      ReportError("Message is too deep");
+      return false;
+    }
+    // If the parse information tree is not nullptr, create a nested one
+    // for the nested message.
+    ParseInfoTree* parent = parse_info_tree_;
+    if (parent != nullptr) {
+      parse_info_tree_ = CreateNested(parent, field);
+    }
+
+    std::string delimiter;
+    DO(ConsumeMessageDelimiter(&delimiter));
+    MessageFactory* factory =
+        finder_ ? finder_->FindExtensionFactory(field) : nullptr;
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      DO(ConsumeMessage(reflection->AddMessage(message, field, factory),
+                        delimiter));
+    } else {
+      DO(ConsumeMessage(reflection->MutableMessage(message, field, factory),
+                        delimiter));
+    }
+
+    ++recursion_limit_;
+
+    // Reset the parse information tree.
+    parse_info_tree_ = parent;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Skips the whole body of a message including the beginning delimiter and
+  // the ending delimiter.
+  bool SkipFieldMessage() {
+    std::string delimiter;
+    DO(ConsumeMessageDelimiter(&delimiter));
+    while (!LookingAt(">") && !LookingAt("}")) {
+      DO(SkipField());
+    }
+    DO(Consume(delimiter));
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool ConsumeFieldValue(Message* message, const Reflection* reflection,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+// Define an easy to use macro for setting fields. This macro checks
+// to see if the field is repeated (in which case we need to use the Add
+// methods or not (in which case we need to use the Set methods).
+#define SET_FIELD(CPPTYPE, VALUE)                    \
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {                        \
+    reflection->Add##CPPTYPE(message, field, VALUE); \
+  } else {                                           \
+    reflection->Set##CPPTYPE(message, field, VALUE); \
+  }
+
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
+        int64 value;
+        DO(ConsumeSignedInteger(&value, kint32max));
+        SET_FIELD(Int32, static_cast<int32>(value));
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
+        uint64 value;
+        DO(ConsumeUnsignedInteger(&value, kuint32max));
+        SET_FIELD(UInt32, static_cast<uint32>(value));
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
+        int64 value;
+        DO(ConsumeSignedInteger(&value, kint64max));
+        SET_FIELD(Int64, value);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
+        uint64 value;
+        DO(ConsumeUnsignedInteger(&value, kuint64max));
+        SET_FIELD(UInt64, value);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT: {
+        double value;
+        DO(ConsumeDouble(&value));
+        SET_FIELD(Float, io::SafeDoubleToFloat(value));
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: {
+        double value;
+        DO(ConsumeDouble(&value));
+        SET_FIELD(Double, value);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+        std::string value;
+        DO(ConsumeString(&value));
+        SET_FIELD(String, value);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL: {
+        if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER)) {
+          uint64 value;
+          DO(ConsumeUnsignedInteger(&value, 1));
+          SET_FIELD(Bool, value);
+        } else {
+          std::string value;
+          DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&value));
+          if (value == "true" || value == "True" || value == "t") {
+            SET_FIELD(Bool, true);
+          } else if (value == "false" || value == "False" || value == "f") {
+            SET_FIELD(Bool, false);
+          } else {
+            ReportError("Invalid value for boolean field \"" + field->name() +
+                        "\". Value: \"" + value + "\".");
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM: {
+        std::string value;
+        int64 int_value = kint64max;
+        const EnumDescriptor* enum_type = field->enum_type();
+        const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value = nullptr;
+
+        if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER)) {
+          DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&value));
+          // Find the enumeration value.
+          enum_value = enum_type->FindValueByName(value);
+
+        } else if (LookingAt("-") ||
+                   LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER)) {
+          DO(ConsumeSignedInteger(&int_value, kint32max));
+          value = StrCat(int_value);  // for error reporting
+          enum_value = enum_type->FindValueByNumber(int_value);
+        } else {
+          ReportError("Expected integer or identifier, got: " +
+                      tokenizer_.current().text);
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        if (enum_value == nullptr) {
+          if (int_value != kint64max &&
+              reflection->SupportsUnknownEnumValues()) {
+            SET_FIELD(EnumValue, int_value);
+            return true;
+          } else if (!allow_unknown_enum_) {
+            ReportError("Unknown enumeration value of \"" + value +
+                        "\" for "
+                        "field \"" +
+                        field->name() + "\".");
+            return false;
+          } else {
+            ReportWarning("Unknown enumeration value of \"" + value +
+                          "\" for "
+                          "field \"" +
+                          field->name() + "\".");
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+
+        SET_FIELD(Enum, enum_value);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        // We should never get here. Put here instead of a default
+        // so that if new types are added, we get a nice compiler warning.
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Reached an unintended state: CPPTYPE_MESSAGE";
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+#undef SET_FIELD
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool SkipFieldValue() {
+    if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING)) {
+      while (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING)) {
+        tokenizer_.Next();
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (TryConsume("[")) {
+      while (true) {
+        if (!LookingAt("{") && !LookingAt("<")) {
+          DO(SkipFieldValue());
+        } else {
+          DO(SkipFieldMessage());
+        }
+        if (TryConsume("]")) {
+          break;
+        }
+        DO(Consume(","));
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+    // Possible field values other than string:
+    //   12345        => TYPE_INTEGER
+    //   -12345       => TYPE_SYMBOL + TYPE_INTEGER
+    //   1.2345       => TYPE_FLOAT
+    //   -1.2345      => TYPE_SYMBOL + TYPE_FLOAT
+    //   inf          => TYPE_IDENTIFIER
+    //   -inf         => TYPE_SYMBOL + TYPE_IDENTIFIER
+    //   TYPE_INTEGER => TYPE_IDENTIFIER
+    // Divides them into two group, one with TYPE_SYMBOL
+    // and the other without:
+    //   Group one:
+    //     12345        => TYPE_INTEGER
+    //     1.2345       => TYPE_FLOAT
+    //     inf          => TYPE_IDENTIFIER
+    //     TYPE_INTEGER => TYPE_IDENTIFIER
+    //   Group two:
+    //     -12345       => TYPE_SYMBOL + TYPE_INTEGER
+    //     -1.2345      => TYPE_SYMBOL + TYPE_FLOAT
+    //     -inf         => TYPE_SYMBOL + TYPE_IDENTIFIER
+    // As we can see, the field value consists of an optional '-' and one of
+    // TYPE_INTEGER, TYPE_FLOAT and TYPE_IDENTIFIER.
+    bool has_minus = TryConsume("-");
+    if (!LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER) &&
+        !LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT) &&
+        !LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER)) {
+      std::string text = tokenizer_.current().text;
+      ReportError("Cannot skip field value, unexpected token: " + text);
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Combination of '-' and TYPE_IDENTIFIER may result in an invalid field
+    // value while other combinations all generate valid values.
+    // We check if the value of this combination is valid here.
+    // TYPE_IDENTIFIER after a '-' should be one of the float values listed
+    // below:
+    //   inf, inff, infinity, nan
+    if (has_minus && LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER)) {
+      std::string text = tokenizer_.current().text;
+      LowerString(&text);
+      if (text != "inf" &&
+          text != "infinity" && text != "nan") {
+        ReportError("Invalid float number: " + text);
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    tokenizer_.Next();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if the current token's text is equal to that specified.
+  bool LookingAt(const std::string& text) {
+    return tokenizer_.current().text == text;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if the current token's type is equal to that specified.
+  bool LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TokenType token_type) {
+    return tokenizer_.current().type == token_type;
+  }
+
+  // Consumes an identifier and saves its value in the identifier parameter.
+  // Returns false if the token is not of type IDENTFIER.
+  bool ConsumeIdentifier(std::string* identifier) {
+    if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER)) {
+      *identifier = tokenizer_.current().text;
+      tokenizer_.Next();
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // If allow_field_numer_ or allow_unknown_field_ is true, we should able
+    // to parse integer identifiers.
+    if ((allow_field_number_ || allow_unknown_field_ ||
+         allow_unknown_extension_) &&
+        LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER)) {
+      *identifier = tokenizer_.current().text;
+      tokenizer_.Next();
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    ReportError("Expected identifier, got: " + tokenizer_.current().text);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Consume a string of form "<id1>.<id2>....<idN>".
+  bool ConsumeFullTypeName(std::string* name) {
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(name));
+    while (TryConsume(".")) {
+      std::string part;
+      DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&part));
+      *name += ".";
+      *name += part;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool ConsumeTypeUrlOrFullTypeName() {
+    std::string discarded;
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&discarded));
+    while (TryConsume(".") || TryConsume("/")) {
+      DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&discarded));
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Consumes a string and saves its value in the text parameter.
+  // Returns false if the token is not of type STRING.
+  bool ConsumeString(std::string* text) {
+    if (!LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING)) {
+      ReportError("Expected string, got: " + tokenizer_.current().text);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    text->clear();
+    while (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING)) {
+      io::Tokenizer::ParseStringAppend(tokenizer_.current().text, text);
+
+      tokenizer_.Next();
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Consumes a uint64 and saves its value in the value parameter.
+  // Returns false if the token is not of type INTEGER.
+  bool ConsumeUnsignedInteger(uint64* value, uint64 max_value) {
+    if (!LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER)) {
+      ReportError("Expected integer, got: " + tokenizer_.current().text);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!io::Tokenizer::ParseInteger(tokenizer_.current().text, max_value,
+                                     value)) {
+      ReportError("Integer out of range (" + tokenizer_.current().text + ")");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    tokenizer_.Next();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Consumes an int64 and saves its value in the value parameter.
+  // Note that since the tokenizer does not support negative numbers,
+  // we actually may consume an additional token (for the minus sign) in this
+  // method. Returns false if the token is not an integer
+  // (signed or otherwise).
+  bool ConsumeSignedInteger(int64* value, uint64 max_value) {
+    bool negative = false;
+
+    if (TryConsume("-")) {
+      negative = true;
+      // Two's complement always allows one more negative integer than
+      // positive.
+      ++max_value;
+    }
+
+    uint64 unsigned_value;
+
+    DO(ConsumeUnsignedInteger(&unsigned_value, max_value));
+
+    if (negative) {
+      if ((static_cast<uint64>(kint64max) + 1) == unsigned_value) {
+        *value = kint64min;
+      } else {
+        *value = -static_cast<int64>(unsigned_value);
+      }
+    } else {
+      *value = static_cast<int64>(unsigned_value);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Consumes a double and saves its value in the value parameter.
+  // Accepts decimal numbers only, rejects hex or oct numbers.
+  bool ConsumeUnsignedDecimalAsDouble(double* value, uint64 max_value) {
+    if (!LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER)) {
+      ReportError("Expected integer, got: " + tokenizer_.current().text);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const std::string& text = tokenizer_.current().text;
+    if (IsHexNumber(text) || IsOctNumber(text)) {
+      ReportError("Expect a decimal number, got: " + text);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    uint64 uint64_value;
+    if (io::Tokenizer::ParseInteger(text, max_value, &uint64_value)) {
+      *value = static_cast<double>(uint64_value);
+    } else {
+      // Uint64 overflow, attempt to parse as a double instead.
+      *value = io::Tokenizer::ParseFloat(text);
+    }
+
+    tokenizer_.Next();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Consumes a double and saves its value in the value parameter.
+  // Note that since the tokenizer does not support negative numbers,
+  // we actually may consume an additional token (for the minus sign) in this
+  // method. Returns false if the token is not a double
+  // (signed or otherwise).
+  bool ConsumeDouble(double* value) {
+    bool negative = false;
+
+    if (TryConsume("-")) {
+      negative = true;
+    }
+
+    // A double can actually be an integer, according to the tokenizer.
+    // Therefore, we must check both cases here.
+    if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_INTEGER)) {
+      // We have found an integer value for the double.
+      DO(ConsumeUnsignedDecimalAsDouble(value, kuint64max));
+    } else if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_FLOAT)) {
+      // We have found a float value for the double.
+      *value = io::Tokenizer::ParseFloat(tokenizer_.current().text);
+
+      // Mark the current token as consumed.
+      tokenizer_.Next();
+    } else if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_IDENTIFIER)) {
+      std::string text = tokenizer_.current().text;
+      LowerString(&text);
+      if (text == "inf" ||
+          text == "infinity") {
+        *value = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+        tokenizer_.Next();
+      } else if (text == "nan") {
+        *value = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+        tokenizer_.Next();
+      } else {
+        ReportError("Expected double, got: " + text);
+        return false;
+      }
+    } else {
+      ReportError("Expected double, got: " + tokenizer_.current().text);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (negative) {
+      *value = -*value;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Consumes Any::type_url value, of form "type.googleapis.com/full.type.Name"
+  // or "type.googleprod.com/full.type.Name"
+  bool ConsumeAnyTypeUrl(std::string* full_type_name, std::string* prefix) {
+    // TODO(saito) Extend Consume() to consume multiple tokens at once, so that
+    // this code can be written as just DO(Consume(kGoogleApisTypePrefix)).
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(prefix));
+    while (TryConsume(".")) {
+      std::string url;
+      DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&url));
+      *prefix += "." + url;
+    }
+    DO(Consume("/"));
+    *prefix += "/";
+    DO(ConsumeFullTypeName(full_type_name));
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // A helper function for reconstructing Any::value. Consumes a text of
+  // full_type_name, then serializes it into serialized_value.
+  bool ConsumeAnyValue(const Descriptor* value_descriptor,
+                       std::string* serialized_value) {
+    DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+    const Message* value_prototype = factory.GetPrototype(value_descriptor);
+    if (value_prototype == nullptr) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    std::unique_ptr<Message> value(value_prototype->New());
+    std::string sub_delimiter;
+    DO(ConsumeMessageDelimiter(&sub_delimiter));
+    DO(ConsumeMessage(value.get(), sub_delimiter));
+
+    if (allow_partial_) {
+      value->AppendPartialToString(serialized_value);
+    } else {
+      if (!value->IsInitialized()) {
+        ReportError(
+            "Value of type \"" + value_descriptor->full_name() +
+            "\" stored in google.protobuf.Any has missing required fields");
+        return false;
+      }
+      value->AppendToString(serialized_value);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Consumes a token and confirms that it matches that specified in the
+  // value parameter. Returns false if the token found does not match that
+  // which was specified.
+  bool Consume(const std::string& value) {
+    const std::string& current_value = tokenizer_.current().text;
+
+    if (current_value != value) {
+      ReportError("Expected \"" + value + "\", found \"" + current_value +
+                  "\".");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    tokenizer_.Next();
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Attempts to consume the supplied value. Returns false if a the
+  // token found does not match the value specified.
+  bool TryConsume(const std::string& value) {
+    if (tokenizer_.current().text == value) {
+      tokenizer_.Next();
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // An internal instance of the Tokenizer's error collector, used to
+  // collect any base-level parse errors and feed them to the ParserImpl.
+  class ParserErrorCollector : public io::ErrorCollector {
+   public:
+    explicit ParserErrorCollector(TextFormat::Parser::ParserImpl* parser)
+        : parser_(parser) {}
+
+    ~ParserErrorCollector() override {}
+
+    void AddError(int line, int column, const std::string& message) override {
+      parser_->ReportError(line, column, message);
+    }
+
+    void AddWarning(int line, int column, const std::string& message) override {
+      parser_->ReportWarning(line, column, message);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ParserErrorCollector);
+    TextFormat::Parser::ParserImpl* parser_;
+  };
+
+  io::ErrorCollector* error_collector_;
+  const TextFormat::Finder* finder_;
+  ParseInfoTree* parse_info_tree_;
+  ParserErrorCollector tokenizer_error_collector_;
+  io::Tokenizer tokenizer_;
+  const Descriptor* root_message_type_;
+  SingularOverwritePolicy singular_overwrite_policy_;
+  const bool allow_case_insensitive_field_;
+  const bool allow_unknown_field_;
+  const bool allow_unknown_extension_;
+  const bool allow_unknown_enum_;
+  const bool allow_field_number_;
+  const bool allow_partial_;
+  int recursion_limit_;
+  bool had_errors_;
+};
+
+// ===========================================================================
+// Internal class for writing text to the io::ZeroCopyOutputStream. Adapted
+// from the Printer found in //net/proto2/io/public/printer.h
+class TextFormat::Printer::TextGenerator
+    : public TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit TextGenerator(io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output,
+                         int initial_indent_level)
+      : output_(output),
+        buffer_(nullptr),
+        buffer_size_(0),
+        at_start_of_line_(true),
+        failed_(false),
+        indent_level_(initial_indent_level),
+        initial_indent_level_(initial_indent_level) {}
+
+  ~TextGenerator() {
+    // Only BackUp() if we're sure we've successfully called Next() at least
+    // once.
+    if (!failed_ && buffer_size_ > 0) {
+      output_->BackUp(buffer_size_);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Indent text by two spaces.  After calling Indent(), two spaces will be
+  // inserted at the beginning of each line of text.  Indent() may be called
+  // multiple times to produce deeper indents.
+  void Indent() override { ++indent_level_; }
+
+  // Reduces the current indent level by two spaces, or crashes if the indent
+  // level is zero.
+  void Outdent() override {
+    if (indent_level_ == 0 || indent_level_ < initial_indent_level_) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << " Outdent() without matching Indent().";
+      return;
+    }
+
+    --indent_level_;
+  }
+
+  size_t GetCurrentIndentationSize() const override {
+    return 2 * indent_level_;
+  }
+
+  // Print text to the output stream.
+  void Print(const char* text, size_t size) override {
+    if (indent_level_ > 0) {
+      size_t pos = 0;  // The number of bytes we've written so far.
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        if (text[i] == '\n') {
+          // Saw newline.  If there is more text, we may need to insert an
+          // indent here.  So, write what we have so far, including the '\n'.
+          Write(text + pos, i - pos + 1);
+          pos = i + 1;
+
+          // Setting this true will cause the next Write() to insert an indent
+          // first.
+          at_start_of_line_ = true;
+        }
+      }
+      // Write the rest.
+      Write(text + pos, size - pos);
+    } else {
+      Write(text, size);
+      if (size > 0 && text[size - 1] == '\n') {
+        at_start_of_line_ = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // True if any write to the underlying stream failed.  (We don't just
+  // crash in this case because this is an I/O failure, not a programming
+  // error.)
+  bool failed() const { return failed_; }
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(TextGenerator);
+
+  void Write(const char* data, size_t size) {
+    if (failed_) return;
+    if (size == 0) return;
+
+    if (at_start_of_line_) {
+      // Insert an indent.
+      at_start_of_line_ = false;
+      WriteIndent();
+      if (failed_) return;
+    }
+
+    while (size > buffer_size_) {
+      // Data exceeds space in the buffer.  Copy what we can and request a
+      // new buffer.
+      if (buffer_size_ > 0) {
+        memcpy(buffer_, data, buffer_size_);
+        data += buffer_size_;
+        size -= buffer_size_;
+      }
+      void* void_buffer = nullptr;
+      failed_ = !output_->Next(&void_buffer, &buffer_size_);
+      if (failed_) return;
+      buffer_ = reinterpret_cast<char*>(void_buffer);
+    }
+
+    // Buffer is big enough to receive the data; copy it.
+    memcpy(buffer_, data, size);
+    buffer_ += size;
+    buffer_size_ -= size;
+  }
+
+  void WriteIndent() {
+    if (indent_level_ == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!failed_);
+    int size = GetCurrentIndentationSize();
+
+    while (size > buffer_size_) {
+      // Data exceeds space in the buffer. Write what we can and request a new
+      // buffer.
+      if (buffer_size_ > 0) {
+        memset(buffer_, ' ', buffer_size_);
+      }
+      size -= buffer_size_;
+      void* void_buffer;
+      failed_ = !output_->Next(&void_buffer, &buffer_size_);
+      if (failed_) return;
+      buffer_ = reinterpret_cast<char*>(void_buffer);
+    }
+
+    // Buffer is big enough to receive the data; copy it.
+    memset(buffer_, ' ', size);
+    buffer_ += size;
+    buffer_size_ -= size;
+  }
+
+  io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* const output_;
+  char* buffer_;
+  int buffer_size_;
+  bool at_start_of_line_;
+  bool failed_;
+
+  int indent_level_;
+  int initial_indent_level_;
+};
+
+// ===========================================================================
+// Implementation of the default Finder for extensions.
+TextFormat::Finder::~Finder() {}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* TextFormat::Finder::FindExtension(
+    Message* message, const std::string& name) const {
+  return DefaultFinderFindExtension(message, name);
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* TextFormat::Finder::FindExtensionByNumber(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, int number) const {
+  return DefaultFinderFindExtensionByNumber(descriptor, number);
+}
+
+const Descriptor* TextFormat::Finder::FindAnyType(
+    const Message& message, const std::string& prefix,
+    const std::string& name) const {
+  return DefaultFinderFindAnyType(message, prefix, name);
+}
+
+MessageFactory* TextFormat::Finder::FindExtensionFactory(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+
+TextFormat::Parser::Parser()
+    : error_collector_(nullptr),
+      finder_(nullptr),
+      parse_info_tree_(nullptr),
+      allow_partial_(false),
+      allow_case_insensitive_field_(false),
+      allow_unknown_field_(false),
+      allow_unknown_extension_(false),
+      allow_unknown_enum_(false),
+      allow_field_number_(false),
+      allow_relaxed_whitespace_(false),
+      allow_singular_overwrites_(false),
+      recursion_limit_(std::numeric_limits<int>::max()) {}
+
+TextFormat::Parser::~Parser() {}
+
+namespace {
+
+bool CheckParseInputSize(StringPiece input,
+                         io::ErrorCollector* error_collector) {
+  if (input.size() > INT_MAX) {
+    error_collector->AddError(
+        -1, 0,
+        StrCat("Input size too large: ", static_cast<int64>(input.size()),
+                     " bytes", " > ", INT_MAX, " bytes."));
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool TextFormat::Parser::Parse(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                               Message* output) {
+  output->Clear();
+
+  ParserImpl::SingularOverwritePolicy overwrites_policy =
+      allow_singular_overwrites_ ? ParserImpl::ALLOW_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES
+                                 : ParserImpl::FORBID_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES;
+
+  ParserImpl parser(output->GetDescriptor(), input, error_collector_, finder_,
+                    parse_info_tree_, overwrites_policy,
+                    allow_case_insensitive_field_, allow_unknown_field_,
+                    allow_unknown_extension_, allow_unknown_enum_,
+                    allow_field_number_, allow_relaxed_whitespace_,
+                    allow_partial_, recursion_limit_);
+  return MergeUsingImpl(input, output, &parser);
+}
+
+bool TextFormat::Parser::ParseFromString(const std::string& input,
+                                         Message* output) {
+  DO(CheckParseInputSize(input, error_collector_));
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(input.data(), input.size());
+  return Parse(&input_stream, output);
+}
+
+
+bool TextFormat::Parser::Merge(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                               Message* output) {
+  ParserImpl parser(output->GetDescriptor(), input, error_collector_, finder_,
+                    parse_info_tree_, ParserImpl::ALLOW_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES,
+                    allow_case_insensitive_field_, allow_unknown_field_,
+                    allow_unknown_extension_, allow_unknown_enum_,
+                    allow_field_number_, allow_relaxed_whitespace_,
+                    allow_partial_, recursion_limit_);
+  return MergeUsingImpl(input, output, &parser);
+}
+
+bool TextFormat::Parser::MergeFromString(const std::string& input,
+                                         Message* output) {
+  DO(CheckParseInputSize(input, error_collector_));
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(input.data(), input.size());
+  return Merge(&input_stream, output);
+}
+
+
+bool TextFormat::Parser::MergeUsingImpl(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* /* input */,
+                                        Message* output,
+                                        ParserImpl* parser_impl) {
+  if (!parser_impl->Parse(output)) return false;
+  if (!allow_partial_ && !output->IsInitialized()) {
+    std::vector<std::string> missing_fields;
+    output->FindInitializationErrors(&missing_fields);
+    parser_impl->ReportError(-1, 0,
+                             "Message missing required fields: " +
+                                 Join(missing_fields, ", "));
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool TextFormat::Parser::ParseFieldValueFromString(const std::string& input,
+                                                   const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                                   Message* output) {
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(input.data(), input.size());
+  ParserImpl parser(
+      output->GetDescriptor(), &input_stream, error_collector_, finder_,
+      parse_info_tree_, ParserImpl::ALLOW_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES,
+      allow_case_insensitive_field_, allow_unknown_field_,
+      allow_unknown_extension_, allow_unknown_enum_, allow_field_number_,
+      allow_relaxed_whitespace_, allow_partial_, recursion_limit_);
+  return parser.ParseField(field, output);
+}
+
+/* static */ bool TextFormat::Parse(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                                    Message* output) {
+  return Parser().Parse(input, output);
+}
+
+/* static */ bool TextFormat::Merge(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                                    Message* output) {
+  return Parser().Merge(input, output);
+}
+
+/* static */ bool TextFormat::ParseFromString(const std::string& input,
+                                              Message* output) {
+  return Parser().ParseFromString(input, output);
+}
+
+/* static */ bool TextFormat::MergeFromString(const std::string& input,
+                                              Message* output) {
+  return Parser().MergeFromString(input, output);
+}
+
+
+#undef DO
+
+// ===========================================================================
+
+TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator::~BaseTextGenerator() {}
+
+namespace {
+
+// A BaseTextGenerator that writes to a string.
+class StringBaseTextGenerator : public TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator {
+ public:
+  void Print(const char* text, size_t size) override {
+    output_.append(text, size);
+  }
+
+// Some compilers do not support ref-qualifiers even in C++11 mode.
+// Disable the optimization for now and revisit it later.
+#if 0   // LANG_CXX11
+  std::string Consume() && { return std::move(output_); }
+#else   // !LANG_CXX11
+  const std::string& Get() { return output_; }
+#endif  // LANG_CXX11
+
+ private:
+  std::string output_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// The default implementation for FieldValuePrinter. We just delegate the
+// implementation to the default FastFieldValuePrinter to avoid duplicating the
+// logic.
+TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::FieldValuePrinter() {}
+TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::~FieldValuePrinter() {}
+
+#if 0  // LANG_CXX11
+#define FORWARD_IMPL(fn, ...)            \
+  StringBaseTextGenerator generator;     \
+  delegate_.fn(__VA_ARGS__, &generator); \
+  return std::move(generator).Consume()
+#else  // !LANG_CXX11
+#define FORWARD_IMPL(fn, ...)            \
+  StringBaseTextGenerator generator;     \
+  delegate_.fn(__VA_ARGS__, &generator); \
+  return generator.Get()
+#endif  // LANG_CXX11
+
+std::string TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::PrintBool(bool val) const {
+  FORWARD_IMPL(PrintBool, val);
+}
+std::string TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::PrintInt32(int32 val) const {
+  FORWARD_IMPL(PrintInt32, val);
+}
+std::string TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::PrintUInt32(uint32 val) const {
+  FORWARD_IMPL(PrintUInt32, val);
+}
+std::string TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::PrintInt64(int64 val) const {
+  FORWARD_IMPL(PrintInt64, val);
+}
+std::string TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::PrintUInt64(uint64 val) const {
+  FORWARD_IMPL(PrintUInt64, val);
+}
+std::string TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::PrintFloat(float val) const {
+  FORWARD_IMPL(PrintFloat, val);
+}
+std::string TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::PrintDouble(double val) const {
+  FORWARD_IMPL(PrintDouble, val);
+}
+std::string TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::PrintString(
+    const std::string& val) const {
+  FORWARD_IMPL(PrintString, val);
+}
+std::string TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::PrintBytes(
+    const std::string& val) const {
+  return PrintString(val);
+}
+std::string TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::PrintEnum(
+    int32 val, const std::string& name) const {
+  FORWARD_IMPL(PrintEnum, val, name);
+}
+std::string TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::PrintFieldName(
+    const Message& message, const Reflection* reflection,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  FORWARD_IMPL(PrintFieldName, message, reflection, field);
+}
+std::string TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::PrintMessageStart(
+    const Message& message, int field_index, int field_count,
+    bool single_line_mode) const {
+  FORWARD_IMPL(PrintMessageStart, message, field_index, field_count,
+               single_line_mode);
+}
+std::string TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter::PrintMessageEnd(
+    const Message& message, int field_index, int field_count,
+    bool single_line_mode) const {
+  FORWARD_IMPL(PrintMessageEnd, message, field_index, field_count,
+               single_line_mode);
+}
+#undef FORWARD_IMPL
+
+TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::FastFieldValuePrinter() {}
+TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::~FastFieldValuePrinter() {}
+void TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintBool(
+    bool val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const {
+  if (val) {
+    generator->PrintLiteral("true");
+  } else {
+    generator->PrintLiteral("false");
+  }
+}
+void TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintInt32(
+    int32 val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const {
+  generator->PrintString(StrCat(val));
+}
+void TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintUInt32(
+    uint32 val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const {
+  generator->PrintString(StrCat(val));
+}
+void TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintInt64(
+    int64 val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const {
+  generator->PrintString(StrCat(val));
+}
+void TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintUInt64(
+    uint64 val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const {
+  generator->PrintString(StrCat(val));
+}
+void TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintFloat(
+    float val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const {
+  generator->PrintString(!std::isnan(val) ? SimpleFtoa(val) : "nan");
+}
+void TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintDouble(
+    double val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const {
+  generator->PrintString(!std::isnan(val) ? SimpleDtoa(val) : "nan");
+}
+void TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintEnum(
+    int32 val, const std::string& name, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const {
+  generator->PrintString(name);
+}
+
+void TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintString(
+    const std::string& val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const {
+  generator->PrintLiteral("\"");
+  generator->PrintString(CEscape(val));
+  generator->PrintLiteral("\"");
+}
+void TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintBytes(
+    const std::string& val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const {
+  PrintString(val, generator);
+}
+void TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintFieldName(
+    const Message& message, int field_index, int field_count,
+    const Reflection* reflection, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+    BaseTextGenerator* generator) const {
+  PrintFieldName(message, reflection, field, generator);
+}
+void TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintFieldName(
+    const Message& message, const Reflection* reflection,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const {
+  if (field->is_extension()) {
+    generator->PrintLiteral("[");
+    generator->PrintString(field->PrintableNameForExtension());
+    generator->PrintLiteral("]");
+  } else if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    // Groups must be serialized with their original capitalization.
+    generator->PrintString(field->message_type()->name());
+  } else {
+    generator->PrintString(field->name());
+  }
+}
+void TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintMessageStart(
+    const Message& message, int field_index, int field_count,
+    bool single_line_mode, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const {
+  if (single_line_mode) {
+    generator->PrintLiteral(" { ");
+  } else {
+    generator->PrintLiteral(" {\n");
+  }
+}
+void TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintMessageEnd(
+    const Message& message, int field_index, int field_count,
+    bool single_line_mode, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const {
+  if (single_line_mode) {
+    generator->PrintLiteral("} ");
+  } else {
+    generator->PrintLiteral("}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// A legacy compatibility wrapper. Takes ownership of the delegate.
+class FieldValuePrinterWrapper : public TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter {
+ public:
+  explicit FieldValuePrinterWrapper(
+      const TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter* delegate)
+      : delegate_(delegate) {}
+
+  void SetDelegate(const TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter* delegate) {
+    delegate_.reset(delegate);
+  }
+
+  void PrintBool(bool val,
+                 TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintString(delegate_->PrintBool(val));
+  }
+  void PrintInt32(int32 val,
+                  TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintString(delegate_->PrintInt32(val));
+  }
+  void PrintUInt32(uint32 val,
+                   TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintString(delegate_->PrintUInt32(val));
+  }
+  void PrintInt64(int64 val,
+                  TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintString(delegate_->PrintInt64(val));
+  }
+  void PrintUInt64(uint64 val,
+                   TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintString(delegate_->PrintUInt64(val));
+  }
+  void PrintFloat(float val,
+                  TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintString(delegate_->PrintFloat(val));
+  }
+  void PrintDouble(double val,
+                   TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintString(delegate_->PrintDouble(val));
+  }
+  void PrintString(const std::string& val,
+                   TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintString(delegate_->PrintString(val));
+  }
+  void PrintBytes(const std::string& val,
+                  TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintString(delegate_->PrintBytes(val));
+  }
+  void PrintEnum(int32 val, const std::string& name,
+                 TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintString(delegate_->PrintEnum(val, name));
+  }
+  void PrintFieldName(const Message& message, int field_index, int field_count,
+                      const Reflection* reflection,
+                      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                      TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintString(
+        delegate_->PrintFieldName(message, reflection, field));
+  }
+  void PrintFieldName(const Message& message, const Reflection* reflection,
+                      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                      TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintString(
+        delegate_->PrintFieldName(message, reflection, field));
+  }
+  void PrintMessageStart(
+      const Message& message, int field_index, int field_count,
+      bool single_line_mode,
+      TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintString(delegate_->PrintMessageStart(
+        message, field_index, field_count, single_line_mode));
+  }
+  void PrintMessageEnd(
+      const Message& message, int field_index, int field_count,
+      bool single_line_mode,
+      TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintString(delegate_->PrintMessageEnd(
+        message, field_index, field_count, single_line_mode));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<const TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter> delegate_;
+};
+
+// Our own specialization: for UTF8 escaped strings.
+class FastFieldValuePrinterUtf8Escaping
+    : public TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter {
+ public:
+  void PrintString(const std::string& val,
+                   TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintLiteral("\"");
+    generator->PrintString(strings::Utf8SafeCEscape(val));
+    generator->PrintLiteral("\"");
+  }
+  void PrintBytes(const std::string& val,
+                  TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    return FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintString(val, generator);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TextFormat::Printer::Printer()
+    : initial_indent_level_(0),
+      single_line_mode_(false),
+      use_field_number_(false),
+      use_short_repeated_primitives_(false),
+      hide_unknown_fields_(false),
+      print_message_fields_in_index_order_(false),
+      expand_any_(false),
+      truncate_string_field_longer_than_(0LL),
+      finder_(nullptr) {
+  SetUseUtf8StringEscaping(false);
+}
+
+void TextFormat::Printer::SetUseUtf8StringEscaping(bool as_utf8) {
+  SetDefaultFieldValuePrinter(as_utf8 ? new FastFieldValuePrinterUtf8Escaping()
+                                      : new FastFieldValuePrinter());
+}
+
+void TextFormat::Printer::SetDefaultFieldValuePrinter(
+    const FieldValuePrinter* printer) {
+  default_field_value_printer_.reset(new FieldValuePrinterWrapper(printer));
+}
+
+void TextFormat::Printer::SetDefaultFieldValuePrinter(
+    const FastFieldValuePrinter* printer) {
+  default_field_value_printer_.reset(printer);
+}
+
+bool TextFormat::Printer::RegisterFieldValuePrinter(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, const FieldValuePrinter* printer) {
+  if (field == nullptr || printer == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  std::unique_ptr<FieldValuePrinterWrapper> wrapper(
+      new FieldValuePrinterWrapper(nullptr));
+  auto pair = custom_printers_.insert(std::make_pair(field, nullptr));
+  if (pair.second) {
+    wrapper->SetDelegate(printer);
+    pair.first->second = std::move(wrapper);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool TextFormat::Printer::RegisterFieldValuePrinter(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, const FastFieldValuePrinter* printer) {
+  if (field == nullptr || printer == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  auto pair = custom_printers_.insert(std::make_pair(field, nullptr));
+  if (pair.second) {
+    pair.first->second.reset(printer);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool TextFormat::Printer::RegisterMessagePrinter(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, const MessagePrinter* printer) {
+  if (descriptor == nullptr || printer == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  auto pair =
+      custom_message_printers_.insert(std::make_pair(descriptor, nullptr));
+  if (pair.second) {
+    pair.first->second.reset(printer);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool TextFormat::Printer::PrintToString(const Message& message,
+                                        std::string* output) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(output) << "output specified is nullptr";
+
+  output->clear();
+  io::StringOutputStream output_stream(output);
+
+  return Print(message, &output_stream);
+}
+
+bool TextFormat::Printer::PrintUnknownFieldsToString(
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields, std::string* output) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(output) << "output specified is nullptr";
+
+  output->clear();
+  io::StringOutputStream output_stream(output);
+  return PrintUnknownFields(unknown_fields, &output_stream);
+}
+
+bool TextFormat::Printer::Print(const Message& message,
+                                io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) const {
+  TextGenerator generator(output, initial_indent_level_);
+
+  Print(message, &generator);
+
+  // Output false if the generator failed internally.
+  return !generator.failed();
+}
+
+bool TextFormat::Printer::PrintUnknownFields(
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields,
+    io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) const {
+  TextGenerator generator(output, initial_indent_level_);
+
+  PrintUnknownFields(unknown_fields, &generator);
+
+  // Output false if the generator failed internally.
+  return !generator.failed();
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Comparison functor for sorting FieldDescriptors by field index.
+// Normal fields have higher precedence than extensions.
+struct FieldIndexSorter {
+  bool operator()(const FieldDescriptor* left,
+                  const FieldDescriptor* right) const {
+    if (left->is_extension() && right->is_extension()) {
+      return left->number() < right->number();
+    } else if (left->is_extension()) {
+      return false;
+    } else if (right->is_extension()) {
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return left->index() < right->index();
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool TextFormat::Printer::PrintAny(const Message& message,
+                                   TextGenerator* generator) const {
+  const FieldDescriptor* type_url_field;
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_field;
+  if (!internal::GetAnyFieldDescriptors(message, &type_url_field,
+                                        &value_field)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  // Extract the full type name from the type_url field.
+  const std::string& type_url = reflection->GetString(message, type_url_field);
+  std::string url_prefix;
+  std::string full_type_name;
+  if (!internal::ParseAnyTypeUrl(type_url, &url_prefix, &full_type_name)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Print the "value" in text.
+  const Descriptor* value_descriptor =
+      finder_ ? finder_->FindAnyType(message, url_prefix, full_type_name)
+              : DefaultFinderFindAnyType(message, url_prefix, full_type_name);
+  if (value_descriptor == nullptr) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Proto type " << type_url << " not found";
+    return false;
+  }
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> value_message(
+      factory.GetPrototype(value_descriptor)->New());
+  std::string serialized_value = reflection->GetString(message, value_field);
+  if (!value_message->ParseFromString(serialized_value)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << type_url << ": failed to parse contents";
+    return false;
+  }
+  generator->PrintLiteral("[");
+  generator->PrintString(type_url);
+  generator->PrintLiteral("]");
+  const FastFieldValuePrinter* printer = GetFieldPrinter(value_field);
+  printer->PrintMessageStart(message, -1, 0, single_line_mode_, generator);
+  generator->Indent();
+  Print(*value_message, generator);
+  generator->Outdent();
+  printer->PrintMessageEnd(message, -1, 0, single_line_mode_, generator);
+  return true;
+}
+
+void TextFormat::Printer::Print(const Message& message,
+                                TextGenerator* generator) const {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  if (!reflection) {
+    // This message does not provide any way to describe its structure.
+    // Parse it again in an UnknownFieldSet, and display this instead.
+    UnknownFieldSet unknown_fields;
+    {
+      std::string serialized = message.SerializeAsString();
+      io::ArrayInputStream input(serialized.data(), serialized.size());
+      unknown_fields.ParseFromZeroCopyStream(&input);
+    }
+    PrintUnknownFields(unknown_fields, generator);
+    return;
+  }
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  auto itr = custom_message_printers_.find(descriptor);
+  if (itr != custom_message_printers_.end()) {
+    itr->second->Print(message, single_line_mode_, generator);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (descriptor->full_name() == internal::kAnyFullTypeName && expand_any_ &&
+      PrintAny(message, generator)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  if (descriptor->options().map_entry()) {
+    fields.push_back(descriptor->field(0));
+    fields.push_back(descriptor->field(1));
+  } else {
+    reflection->ListFields(message, &fields);
+  }
+
+  if (print_message_fields_in_index_order_) {
+    std::sort(fields.begin(), fields.end(), FieldIndexSorter());
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+    PrintField(message, reflection, fields[i], generator);
+  }
+  if (!hide_unknown_fields_) {
+    PrintUnknownFields(reflection->GetUnknownFields(message), generator);
+  }
+}
+
+void TextFormat::Printer::PrintFieldValueToString(const Message& message,
+                                                  const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                                  int index,
+                                                  std::string* output) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(output) << "output specified is nullptr";
+
+  output->clear();
+  io::StringOutputStream output_stream(output);
+  TextGenerator generator(&output_stream, initial_indent_level_);
+
+  PrintFieldValue(message, message.GetReflection(), field, index, &generator);
+}
+
+class MapEntryMessageComparator {
+ public:
+  explicit MapEntryMessageComparator(const Descriptor* descriptor)
+      : field_(descriptor->field(0)) {}
+
+  bool operator()(const Message* a, const Message* b) {
+    const Reflection* reflection = a->GetReflection();
+    switch (field_->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL: {
+        bool first = reflection->GetBool(*a, field_);
+        bool second = reflection->GetBool(*b, field_);
+        return first < second;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
+        int32 first = reflection->GetInt32(*a, field_);
+        int32 second = reflection->GetInt32(*b, field_);
+        return first < second;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
+        int64 first = reflection->GetInt64(*a, field_);
+        int64 second = reflection->GetInt64(*b, field_);
+        return first < second;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
+        uint32 first = reflection->GetUInt32(*a, field_);
+        uint32 second = reflection->GetUInt32(*b, field_);
+        return first < second;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
+        uint64 first = reflection->GetUInt64(*a, field_);
+        uint64 second = reflection->GetUInt64(*b, field_);
+        return first < second;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+        std::string first = reflection->GetString(*a, field_);
+        std::string second = reflection->GetString(*b, field_);
+        return first < second;
+      }
+      default:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Invalid key for map field.";
+        return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_;
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+class MapFieldPrinterHelper {
+ public:
+  // DynamicMapSorter::Sort cannot be used because it enfores syncing with
+  // repeated field.
+  static bool SortMap(const Message& message, const Reflection* reflection,
+                      const FieldDescriptor* field, MessageFactory* factory,
+                      std::vector<const Message*>* sorted_map_field);
+  static void CopyKey(const MapKey& key, Message* message,
+                      const FieldDescriptor* field_desc);
+  static void CopyValue(const MapValueRef& value, Message* message,
+                        const FieldDescriptor* field_desc);
+};
+
+// Returns true if elements contained in sorted_map_field need to be released.
+bool MapFieldPrinterHelper::SortMap(
+    const Message& message, const Reflection* reflection,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, MessageFactory* factory,
+    std::vector<const Message*>* sorted_map_field) {
+  bool need_release = false;
+  const MapFieldBase& base = *reflection->GetMapData(message, field);
+
+  if (base.IsRepeatedFieldValid()) {
+    const RepeatedPtrField<Message>& map_field =
+        reflection->GetRepeatedPtrFieldInternal<Message>(message, field);
+    for (int i = 0; i < map_field.size(); ++i) {
+      sorted_map_field->push_back(
+          const_cast<RepeatedPtrField<Message>*>(&map_field)->Mutable(i));
+    }
+  } else {
+    // TODO(teboring): For performance, instead of creating map entry message
+    // for each element, just store map keys and sort them.
+    const Descriptor* map_entry_desc = field->message_type();
+    const Message* prototype = factory->GetPrototype(map_entry_desc);
+    for (MapIterator iter =
+             reflection->MapBegin(const_cast<Message*>(&message), field);
+         iter != reflection->MapEnd(const_cast<Message*>(&message), field);
+         ++iter) {
+      Message* map_entry_message = prototype->New();
+      CopyKey(iter.GetKey(), map_entry_message, map_entry_desc->field(0));
+      CopyValue(iter.GetValueRef(), map_entry_message,
+                map_entry_desc->field(1));
+      sorted_map_field->push_back(map_entry_message);
+    }
+    need_release = true;
+  }
+
+  MapEntryMessageComparator comparator(field->message_type());
+  std::stable_sort(sorted_map_field->begin(), sorted_map_field->end(),
+                   comparator);
+  return need_release;
+}
+
+void MapFieldPrinterHelper::CopyKey(const MapKey& key, Message* message,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* field_desc) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  switch (field_desc->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Not supported.";
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      reflection->SetString(message, field_desc, key.GetStringValue());
+      return;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      reflection->SetInt64(message, field_desc, key.GetInt64Value());
+      return;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      reflection->SetInt32(message, field_desc, key.GetInt32Value());
+      return;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      reflection->SetUInt64(message, field_desc, key.GetUInt64Value());
+      return;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      reflection->SetUInt32(message, field_desc, key.GetUInt32Value());
+      return;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      reflection->SetBool(message, field_desc, key.GetBoolValue());
+      return;
+  }
+}
+
+void MapFieldPrinterHelper::CopyValue(const MapValueRef& value,
+                                      Message* message,
+                                      const FieldDescriptor* field_desc) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  switch (field_desc->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      reflection->SetDouble(message, field_desc, value.GetDoubleValue());
+      return;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      reflection->SetFloat(message, field_desc, value.GetFloatValue());
+      return;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      reflection->SetEnumValue(message, field_desc, value.GetEnumValue());
+      return;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      Message* sub_message = value.GetMessageValue().New();
+      sub_message->CopyFrom(value.GetMessageValue());
+      reflection->SetAllocatedMessage(message, sub_message, field_desc);
+      return;
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      reflection->SetString(message, field_desc, value.GetStringValue());
+      return;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      reflection->SetInt64(message, field_desc, value.GetInt64Value());
+      return;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      reflection->SetInt32(message, field_desc, value.GetInt32Value());
+      return;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      reflection->SetUInt64(message, field_desc, value.GetUInt64Value());
+      return;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      reflection->SetUInt32(message, field_desc, value.GetUInt32Value());
+      return;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      reflection->SetBool(message, field_desc, value.GetBoolValue());
+      return;
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace internal
+
+void TextFormat::Printer::PrintField(const Message& message,
+                                     const Reflection* reflection,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                     TextGenerator* generator) const {
+  if (use_short_repeated_primitives_ && field->is_repeated() &&
+      field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING &&
+      field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    PrintShortRepeatedField(message, reflection, field, generator);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  int count = 0;
+
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    count = reflection->FieldSize(message, field);
+  } else if (reflection->HasField(message, field) ||
+             field->containing_type()->options().map_entry()) {
+    count = 1;
+  }
+
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::vector<const Message*> sorted_map_field;
+  bool need_release = false;
+  bool is_map = field->is_map();
+  if (is_map) {
+    need_release = internal::MapFieldPrinterHelper::SortMap(
+        message, reflection, field, &factory, &sorted_map_field);
+  }
+
+  for (int j = 0; j < count; ++j) {
+    const int field_index = field->is_repeated() ? j : -1;
+
+    PrintFieldName(message, field_index, count, reflection, field, generator);
+
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      const FastFieldValuePrinter* printer = GetFieldPrinter(field);
+      const Message& sub_message =
+          field->is_repeated()
+              ? (is_map ? *sorted_map_field[j]
+                        : reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, field, j))
+              : reflection->GetMessage(message, field);
+      printer->PrintMessageStart(sub_message, field_index, count,
+                                 single_line_mode_, generator);
+      generator->Indent();
+      Print(sub_message, generator);
+      generator->Outdent();
+      printer->PrintMessageEnd(sub_message, field_index, count,
+                               single_line_mode_, generator);
+    } else {
+      generator->PrintLiteral(": ");
+      // Write the field value.
+      PrintFieldValue(message, reflection, field, field_index, generator);
+      if (single_line_mode_) {
+        generator->PrintLiteral(" ");
+      } else {
+        generator->PrintLiteral("\n");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (need_release) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < sorted_map_field.size(); ++j) {
+      delete sorted_map_field[j];
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void TextFormat::Printer::PrintShortRepeatedField(
+    const Message& message, const Reflection* reflection,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, TextGenerator* generator) const {
+  // Print primitive repeated field in short form.
+  int size = reflection->FieldSize(message, field);
+  PrintFieldName(message, /*field_index=*/-1, /*field_count=*/size, reflection,
+                 field, generator);
+  generator->PrintLiteral(": [");
+  for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    if (i > 0) generator->PrintLiteral(", ");
+    PrintFieldValue(message, reflection, field, i, generator);
+  }
+  if (single_line_mode_) {
+    generator->PrintLiteral("] ");
+  } else {
+    generator->PrintLiteral("]\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void TextFormat::Printer::PrintFieldName(const Message& message,
+                                         int field_index, int field_count,
+                                         const Reflection* reflection,
+                                         const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                         TextGenerator* generator) const {
+  // if use_field_number_ is true, prints field number instead
+  // of field name.
+  if (use_field_number_) {
+    generator->PrintString(StrCat(field->number()));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const FastFieldValuePrinter* printer = GetFieldPrinter(field);
+  printer->PrintFieldName(message, field_index, field_count, reflection, field,
+                          generator);
+}
+
+void TextFormat::Printer::PrintFieldValue(const Message& message,
+                                          const Reflection* reflection,
+                                          const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                          int index,
+                                          TextGenerator* generator) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(field->is_repeated() || (index == -1))
+      << "Index must be -1 for non-repeated fields";
+
+  const FastFieldValuePrinter* printer = GetFieldPrinter(field);
+
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define OUTPUT_FIELD(CPPTYPE, METHOD)                                \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CPPTYPE:                           \
+    printer->Print##METHOD(                                          \
+        field->is_repeated()                                         \
+            ? reflection->GetRepeated##METHOD(message, field, index) \
+            : reflection->Get##METHOD(message, field),               \
+        generator);                                                  \
+    break
+
+    OUTPUT_FIELD(INT32, Int32);
+    OUTPUT_FIELD(INT64, Int64);
+    OUTPUT_FIELD(UINT32, UInt32);
+    OUTPUT_FIELD(UINT64, UInt64);
+    OUTPUT_FIELD(FLOAT, Float);
+    OUTPUT_FIELD(DOUBLE, Double);
+    OUTPUT_FIELD(BOOL, Bool);
+#undef OUTPUT_FIELD
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+      std::string scratch;
+      const std::string& value =
+          field->is_repeated()
+              ? reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(message, field, index,
+                                                       &scratch)
+              : reflection->GetStringReference(message, field, &scratch);
+      const std::string* value_to_print = &value;
+      std::string truncated_value;
+      if (truncate_string_field_longer_than_ > 0 &&
+          truncate_string_field_longer_than_ < value.size()) {
+        truncated_value = value.substr(0, truncate_string_field_longer_than_) +
+                          "...<truncated>...";
+        value_to_print = &truncated_value;
+      }
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING) {
+        printer->PrintString(*value_to_print, generator);
+      } else {
+        GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(field->type(), FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES);
+        printer->PrintBytes(*value_to_print, generator);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM: {
+      int enum_value =
+          field->is_repeated()
+              ? reflection->GetRepeatedEnumValue(message, field, index)
+              : reflection->GetEnumValue(message, field);
+      const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_desc =
+          field->enum_type()->FindValueByNumber(enum_value);
+      if (enum_desc != nullptr) {
+        printer->PrintEnum(enum_value, enum_desc->name(), generator);
+      } else {
+        // Ordinarily, enum_desc should not be null, because proto2 has the
+        // invariant that set enum field values must be in-range, but with the
+        // new integer-based API for enums (or the RepeatedField<int> loophole),
+        // it is possible for the user to force an unknown integer value.  So we
+        // simply use the integer value itself as the enum value name in this
+        // case.
+        printer->PrintEnum(enum_value, StrCat(enum_value), generator);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      Print(field->is_repeated()
+                ? reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, field, index)
+                : reflection->GetMessage(message, field),
+            generator);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+/* static */ bool TextFormat::Print(const Message& message,
+                                    io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) {
+  return Printer().Print(message, output);
+}
+
+/* static */ bool TextFormat::PrintUnknownFields(
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields, io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) {
+  return Printer().PrintUnknownFields(unknown_fields, output);
+}
+
+/* static */ bool TextFormat::PrintToString(const Message& message,
+                                            std::string* output) {
+  return Printer().PrintToString(message, output);
+}
+
+/* static */ bool TextFormat::PrintUnknownFieldsToString(
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields, std::string* output) {
+  return Printer().PrintUnknownFieldsToString(unknown_fields, output);
+}
+
+/* static */ void TextFormat::PrintFieldValueToString(
+    const Message& message, const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,
+    std::string* output) {
+  return Printer().PrintFieldValueToString(message, field, index, output);
+}
+
+/* static */ bool TextFormat::ParseFieldValueFromString(
+    const std::string& input, const FieldDescriptor* field, Message* message) {
+  return Parser().ParseFieldValueFromString(input, field, message);
+}
+
+void TextFormat::Printer::PrintUnknownFields(
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields, TextGenerator* generator) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < unknown_fields.field_count(); i++) {
+    const UnknownField& field = unknown_fields.field(i);
+    std::string field_number = StrCat(field.number());
+
+    switch (field.type()) {
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT:
+        generator->PrintString(field_number);
+        generator->PrintLiteral(": ");
+        generator->PrintString(StrCat(field.varint()));
+        if (single_line_mode_) {
+          generator->PrintLiteral(" ");
+        } else {
+          generator->PrintLiteral("\n");
+        }
+        break;
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED32: {
+        generator->PrintString(field_number);
+        generator->PrintLiteral(": 0x");
+        generator->PrintString(
+            StrCat(strings::Hex(field.fixed32(), strings::ZERO_PAD_8)));
+        if (single_line_mode_) {
+          generator->PrintLiteral(" ");
+        } else {
+          generator->PrintLiteral("\n");
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED64: {
+        generator->PrintString(field_number);
+        generator->PrintLiteral(": 0x");
+        generator->PrintString(
+            StrCat(strings::Hex(field.fixed64(), strings::ZERO_PAD_16)));
+        if (single_line_mode_) {
+          generator->PrintLiteral(" ");
+        } else {
+          generator->PrintLiteral("\n");
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED: {
+        generator->PrintString(field_number);
+        const std::string& value = field.length_delimited();
+        UnknownFieldSet embedded_unknown_fields;
+        if (!value.empty() && embedded_unknown_fields.ParseFromString(value)) {
+          // This field is parseable as a Message.
+          // So it is probably an embedded message.
+          if (single_line_mode_) {
+            generator->PrintLiteral(" { ");
+          } else {
+            generator->PrintLiteral(" {\n");
+            generator->Indent();
+          }
+          PrintUnknownFields(embedded_unknown_fields, generator);
+          if (single_line_mode_) {
+            generator->PrintLiteral("} ");
+          } else {
+            generator->Outdent();
+            generator->PrintLiteral("}\n");
+          }
+        } else {
+          // This field is not parseable as a Message.
+          // So it is probably just a plain string.
+          generator->PrintLiteral(": \"");
+          generator->PrintString(CEscape(value));
+          if (single_line_mode_) {
+            generator->PrintLiteral("\" ");
+          } else {
+            generator->PrintLiteral("\"\n");
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP:
+        generator->PrintString(field_number);
+        if (single_line_mode_) {
+          generator->PrintLiteral(" { ");
+        } else {
+          generator->PrintLiteral(" {\n");
+          generator->Indent();
+        }
+        PrintUnknownFields(field.group(), generator);
+        if (single_line_mode_) {
+          generator->PrintLiteral("} ");
+        } else {
+          generator->Outdent();
+          generator->PrintLiteral("}\n");
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/text_format.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/text_format.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab34cd82b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/text_format.h
@@ -0,0 +1,635 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jschorr@google.com (Joseph Schorr)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Utilities for printing and parsing protocol messages in a human-readable,
+// text-based format.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEXT_FORMAT_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEXT_FORMAT_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace io {
+class ErrorCollector;  // tokenizer.h
+}
+
+// This class implements protocol buffer text format.  Printing and parsing
+// protocol messages in text format is useful for debugging and human editing
+// of messages.
+//
+// This class is really a namespace that contains only static methods.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT TextFormat {
+ public:
+  // Outputs a textual representation of the given message to the given
+  // output stream. Returns false if printing fails.
+  static bool Print(const Message& message, io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output);
+
+  // Print the fields in an UnknownFieldSet.  They are printed by tag number
+  // only.  Embedded messages are heuristically identified by attempting to
+  // parse them. Returns false if printing fails.
+  static bool PrintUnknownFields(const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields,
+                                 io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output);
+
+  // Like Print(), but outputs directly to a string.
+  // Note: output will be cleared prior to printing, and will be left empty
+  // even if printing fails. Returns false if printing fails.
+  static bool PrintToString(const Message& message, std::string* output);
+
+  // Like PrintUnknownFields(), but outputs directly to a string. Returns
+  // false if printing fails.
+  static bool PrintUnknownFieldsToString(const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields,
+                                         std::string* output);
+
+  // Outputs a textual representation of the value of the field supplied on
+  // the message supplied. For non-repeated fields, an index of -1 must
+  // be supplied. Note that this method will print the default value for a
+  // field if it is not set.
+  static void PrintFieldValueToString(const Message& message,
+                                      const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,
+                                      std::string* output);
+
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT BaseTextGenerator {
+   public:
+    virtual ~BaseTextGenerator();
+
+    virtual void Indent() {}
+    virtual void Outdent() {}
+    // Returns the current indentation size in characters.
+    virtual size_t GetCurrentIndentationSize() const { return 0; }
+
+    // Print text to the output stream.
+    virtual void Print(const char* text, size_t size) = 0;
+
+    void PrintString(const std::string& str) { Print(str.data(), str.size()); }
+
+    template <size_t n>
+    void PrintLiteral(const char (&text)[n]) {
+      Print(text, n - 1);  // n includes the terminating zero character.
+    }
+  };
+
+  // The default printer that converts scalar values from fields into their
+  // string representation.
+  // You can derive from this FastFieldValuePrinter if you want to have fields
+  // to be printed in a different way and register it at the Printer.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FastFieldValuePrinter {
+   public:
+    FastFieldValuePrinter();
+    virtual ~FastFieldValuePrinter();
+    virtual void PrintBool(bool val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const;
+    virtual void PrintInt32(int32 val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const;
+    virtual void PrintUInt32(uint32 val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const;
+    virtual void PrintInt64(int64 val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const;
+    virtual void PrintUInt64(uint64 val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const;
+    virtual void PrintFloat(float val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const;
+    virtual void PrintDouble(double val, BaseTextGenerator* generator) const;
+    virtual void PrintString(const std::string& val,
+                             BaseTextGenerator* generator) const;
+    virtual void PrintBytes(const std::string& val,
+                            BaseTextGenerator* generator) const;
+    virtual void PrintEnum(int32 val, const std::string& name,
+                           BaseTextGenerator* generator) const;
+    virtual void PrintFieldName(const Message& message, int field_index,
+                                int field_count, const Reflection* reflection,
+                                const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                BaseTextGenerator* generator) const;
+    virtual void PrintFieldName(const Message& message,
+                                const Reflection* reflection,
+                                const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                BaseTextGenerator* generator) const;
+    virtual void PrintMessageStart(const Message& message, int field_index,
+                                   int field_count, bool single_line_mode,
+                                   BaseTextGenerator* generator) const;
+    virtual void PrintMessageEnd(const Message& message, int field_index,
+                                 int field_count, bool single_line_mode,
+                                 BaseTextGenerator* generator) const;
+
+   private:
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FastFieldValuePrinter);
+  };
+
+  // Deprecated: please use FastFieldValuePrinter instead.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldValuePrinter {
+   public:
+    FieldValuePrinter();
+    virtual ~FieldValuePrinter();
+    virtual std::string PrintBool(bool val) const;
+    virtual std::string PrintInt32(int32 val) const;
+    virtual std::string PrintUInt32(uint32 val) const;
+    virtual std::string PrintInt64(int64 val) const;
+    virtual std::string PrintUInt64(uint64 val) const;
+    virtual std::string PrintFloat(float val) const;
+    virtual std::string PrintDouble(double val) const;
+    virtual std::string PrintString(const std::string& val) const;
+    virtual std::string PrintBytes(const std::string& val) const;
+    virtual std::string PrintEnum(int32 val, const std::string& name) const;
+    virtual std::string PrintFieldName(const Message& message,
+                                       const Reflection* reflection,
+                                       const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+    virtual std::string PrintMessageStart(const Message& message,
+                                          int field_index, int field_count,
+                                          bool single_line_mode) const;
+    virtual std::string PrintMessageEnd(const Message& message, int field_index,
+                                        int field_count,
+                                        bool single_line_mode) const;
+
+   private:
+    FastFieldValuePrinter delegate_;
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FieldValuePrinter);
+  };
+
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MessagePrinter {
+   public:
+    MessagePrinter() {}
+    virtual ~MessagePrinter() {}
+    virtual void Print(const Message& message, bool single_line_mode,
+                       BaseTextGenerator* generator) const = 0;
+
+   private:
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessagePrinter);
+  };
+
+  // Interface that Printers or Parsers can use to find extensions, or types
+  // referenced in Any messages.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Finder {
+   public:
+    virtual ~Finder();
+
+    // Try to find an extension of *message by fully-qualified field
+    // name.  Returns NULL if no extension is known for this name or number.
+    // The base implementation uses the extensions already known by the message.
+    virtual const FieldDescriptor* FindExtension(Message* message,
+                                                 const std::string& name) const;
+
+    // Similar to FindExtension, but uses a Descriptor and the extension number
+    // instead of using a Message and the name when doing the look up.
+    virtual const FieldDescriptor* FindExtensionByNumber(
+        const Descriptor* descriptor, int number) const;
+
+    // Find the message type for an Any proto.
+    // Returns NULL if no message is known for this name.
+    // The base implementation only accepts prefixes of type.googleprod.com/ or
+    // type.googleapis.com/, and searches the DescriptorPool of the parent
+    // message.
+    virtual const Descriptor* FindAnyType(const Message& message,
+                                          const std::string& prefix,
+                                          const std::string& name) const;
+
+    // Find the message factory for the given extension field. This can be used
+    // to generalize the Parser to add extension fields to a message in the same
+    // way as the "input" message for the Parser.
+    virtual MessageFactory* FindExtensionFactory(
+        const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  };
+
+  // Class for those users which require more fine-grained control over how
+  // a protobuffer message is printed out.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Printer {
+   public:
+    Printer();
+
+    // Like TextFormat::Print
+    bool Print(const Message& message, io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) const;
+    // Like TextFormat::PrintUnknownFields
+    bool PrintUnknownFields(const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields,
+                            io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) const;
+    // Like TextFormat::PrintToString
+    bool PrintToString(const Message& message, std::string* output) const;
+    // Like TextFormat::PrintUnknownFieldsToString
+    bool PrintUnknownFieldsToString(const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields,
+                                    std::string* output) const;
+    // Like TextFormat::PrintFieldValueToString
+    void PrintFieldValueToString(const Message& message,
+                                 const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,
+                                 std::string* output) const;
+
+    // Adjust the initial indent level of all output.  Each indent level is
+    // equal to two spaces.
+    void SetInitialIndentLevel(int indent_level) {
+      initial_indent_level_ = indent_level;
+    }
+
+    // If printing in single line mode, then the entire message will be output
+    // on a single line with no line breaks.
+    void SetSingleLineMode(bool single_line_mode) {
+      single_line_mode_ = single_line_mode;
+    }
+
+    bool IsInSingleLineMode() const { return single_line_mode_; }
+
+    // If use_field_number is true, uses field number instead of field name.
+    void SetUseFieldNumber(bool use_field_number) {
+      use_field_number_ = use_field_number;
+    }
+
+    // Set true to print repeated primitives in a format like:
+    //   field_name: [1, 2, 3, 4]
+    // instead of printing each value on its own line.  Short format applies
+    // only to primitive values -- i.e. everything except strings and
+    // sub-messages/groups.
+    void SetUseShortRepeatedPrimitives(bool use_short_repeated_primitives) {
+      use_short_repeated_primitives_ = use_short_repeated_primitives;
+    }
+
+    // Set true to output UTF-8 instead of ASCII.  The only difference
+    // is that bytes >= 0x80 in string fields will not be escaped,
+    // because they are assumed to be part of UTF-8 multi-byte
+    // sequences. This will change the default FastFieldValuePrinter.
+    void SetUseUtf8StringEscaping(bool as_utf8);
+
+    // Set the default FastFieldValuePrinter that is used for all fields that
+    // don't have a field-specific printer registered.
+    // Takes ownership of the printer.
+    void SetDefaultFieldValuePrinter(const FastFieldValuePrinter* printer);
+
+    PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG("Please use FastFieldValuePrinter")
+    void SetDefaultFieldValuePrinter(const FieldValuePrinter* printer);
+
+    // Sets whether we want to hide unknown fields or not.
+    // Usually unknown fields are printed in a generic way that includes the
+    // tag number of the field instead of field name. However, sometimes it
+    // is useful to be able to print the message without unknown fields (e.g.
+    // for the python protobuf version to maintain consistency between its pure
+    // python and c++ implementations).
+    void SetHideUnknownFields(bool hide) { hide_unknown_fields_ = hide; }
+
+    // If print_message_fields_in_index_order is true, fields of a proto message
+    // will be printed using the order defined in source code instead of the
+    // field number, extensions will be printed at the end of the message
+    // and their relative order is determined by the extension number.
+    // By default, use the field number order.
+    void SetPrintMessageFieldsInIndexOrder(
+        bool print_message_fields_in_index_order) {
+      print_message_fields_in_index_order_ =
+          print_message_fields_in_index_order;
+    }
+
+    // If expand==true, expand google.protobuf.Any payloads. The output
+    // will be of form
+    //    [type_url] { <value_printed_in_text> }
+    //
+    // If expand==false, print Any using the default printer. The output will
+    // look like
+    //    type_url: "<type_url>"  value: "serialized_content"
+    void SetExpandAny(bool expand) { expand_any_ = expand; }
+
+    // Set how parser finds message for Any payloads.
+    void SetFinder(const Finder* finder) { finder_ = finder; }
+
+    // If non-zero, we truncate all string fields that are  longer than
+    // this threshold.  This is useful when the proto message has very long
+    // strings, e.g., dump of encoded image file.
+    //
+    // NOTE(hfgong):  Setting a non-zero value breaks round-trip safe
+    // property of TextFormat::Printer.  That is, from the printed message, we
+    // cannot fully recover the original string field any more.
+    void SetTruncateStringFieldLongerThan(
+        const int64 truncate_string_field_longer_than) {
+      truncate_string_field_longer_than_ = truncate_string_field_longer_than;
+    }
+
+    // Register a custom field-specific FastFieldValuePrinter for fields
+    // with a particular FieldDescriptor.
+    // Returns "true" if the registration succeeded, or "false", if there is
+    // already a printer for that FieldDescriptor.
+    // Takes ownership of the printer on successful registration.
+    bool RegisterFieldValuePrinter(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                   const FastFieldValuePrinter* printer);
+
+    PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG("Please use FastFieldValuePrinter")
+    bool RegisterFieldValuePrinter(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                   const FieldValuePrinter* printer);
+
+    // Register a custom message-specific MessagePrinter for messages with a
+    // particular Descriptor.
+    // Returns "true" if the registration succeeded, or "false" if there is
+    // already a printer for that Descriptor.
+    bool RegisterMessagePrinter(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                const MessagePrinter* printer);
+
+   private:
+    // Forward declaration of an internal class used to print the text
+    // output to the OutputStream (see text_format.cc for implementation).
+    class TextGenerator;
+
+    // Internal Print method, used for writing to the OutputStream via
+    // the TextGenerator class.
+    void Print(const Message& message, TextGenerator* generator) const;
+
+    // Print a single field.
+    void PrintField(const Message& message, const Reflection* reflection,
+                    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                    TextGenerator* generator) const;
+
+    // Print a repeated primitive field in short form.
+    void PrintShortRepeatedField(const Message& message,
+                                 const Reflection* reflection,
+                                 const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                 TextGenerator* generator) const;
+
+    // Print the name of a field -- i.e. everything that comes before the
+    // ':' for a single name/value pair.
+    void PrintFieldName(const Message& message, int field_index,
+                        int field_count, const Reflection* reflection,
+                        const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                        TextGenerator* generator) const;
+
+    // Outputs a textual representation of the value of the field supplied on
+    // the message supplied or the default value if not set.
+    void PrintFieldValue(const Message& message, const Reflection* reflection,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,
+                         TextGenerator* generator) const;
+
+    // Print the fields in an UnknownFieldSet.  They are printed by tag number
+    // only.  Embedded messages are heuristically identified by attempting to
+    // parse them.
+    void PrintUnknownFields(const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields,
+                            TextGenerator* generator) const;
+
+    bool PrintAny(const Message& message, TextGenerator* generator) const;
+
+    const FastFieldValuePrinter* GetFieldPrinter(
+        const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+      auto it = custom_printers_.find(field);
+      return it == custom_printers_.end() ? default_field_value_printer_.get()
+                                          : it->second.get();
+    }
+
+    int initial_indent_level_;
+    bool single_line_mode_;
+    bool use_field_number_;
+    bool use_short_repeated_primitives_;
+    bool hide_unknown_fields_;
+    bool print_message_fields_in_index_order_;
+    bool expand_any_;
+    int64 truncate_string_field_longer_than_;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<const FastFieldValuePrinter> default_field_value_printer_;
+    typedef std::map<const FieldDescriptor*,
+                     std::unique_ptr<const FastFieldValuePrinter>>
+        CustomPrinterMap;
+    CustomPrinterMap custom_printers_;
+
+    typedef std::map<const Descriptor*, std::unique_ptr<const MessagePrinter>>
+        CustomMessagePrinterMap;
+    CustomMessagePrinterMap custom_message_printers_;
+
+    const Finder* finder_;
+  };
+
+  // Parses a text-format protocol message from the given input stream to
+  // the given message object. This function parses the human-readable format
+  // written by Print(). Returns true on success. The message is cleared first,
+  // even if the function fails -- See Merge() to avoid this behavior.
+  //
+  // Example input: "user {\n id: 123 extra { gender: MALE language: 'en' }\n}"
+  //
+  // One use for this function is parsing handwritten strings in test code.
+  // Another use is to parse the output from google::protobuf::Message::DebugString()
+  // (or ShortDebugString()), because these functions output using
+  // google::protobuf::TextFormat::Print().
+  //
+  // If you would like to read a protocol buffer serialized in the
+  // (non-human-readable) binary wire format, see
+  // google::protobuf::MessageLite::ParseFromString().
+  static bool Parse(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input, Message* output);
+  // Like Parse(), but reads directly from a string.
+  static bool ParseFromString(const std::string& input, Message* output);
+
+  // Like Parse(), but the data is merged into the given message, as if
+  // using Message::MergeFrom().
+  static bool Merge(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input, Message* output);
+  // Like Merge(), but reads directly from a string.
+  static bool MergeFromString(const std::string& input, Message* output);
+
+  // Parse the given text as a single field value and store it into the
+  // given field of the given message. If the field is a repeated field,
+  // the new value will be added to the end
+  static bool ParseFieldValueFromString(const std::string& input,
+                                        const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                        Message* message);
+
+  // A location in the parsed text.
+  struct ParseLocation {
+    int line;
+    int column;
+
+    ParseLocation() : line(-1), column(-1) {}
+    ParseLocation(int line_param, int column_param)
+        : line(line_param), column(column_param) {}
+  };
+
+  // Data structure which is populated with the locations of each field
+  // value parsed from the text.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ParseInfoTree {
+   public:
+    ParseInfoTree() = default;
+    ParseInfoTree(const ParseInfoTree&) = delete;
+    ParseInfoTree& operator=(const ParseInfoTree&) = delete;
+
+    // Returns the parse location for index-th value of the field in the parsed
+    // text. If none exists, returns a location with line = -1. Index should be
+    // -1 for not-repeated fields.
+    ParseLocation GetLocation(const FieldDescriptor* field, int index) const;
+
+    // Returns the parse info tree for the given field, which must be a message
+    // type. The nested information tree is owned by the root tree and will be
+    // deleted when it is deleted.
+    ParseInfoTree* GetTreeForNested(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    int index) const;
+
+   private:
+    // Allow the text format parser to record information into the tree.
+    friend class TextFormat;
+
+    // Records the starting location of a single value for a field.
+    void RecordLocation(const FieldDescriptor* field, ParseLocation location);
+
+    // Create and records a nested tree for a nested message field.
+    ParseInfoTree* CreateNested(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+    // Defines the map from the index-th field descriptor to its parse location.
+    typedef std::map<const FieldDescriptor*, std::vector<ParseLocation> >
+        LocationMap;
+
+    // Defines the map from the index-th field descriptor to the nested parse
+    // info tree.
+    typedef std::map<const FieldDescriptor*,
+                     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ParseInfoTree>>>
+        NestedMap;
+
+    LocationMap locations_;
+    NestedMap nested_;
+  };
+
+  // For more control over parsing, use this class.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Parser {
+   public:
+    Parser();
+    ~Parser();
+
+    // Like TextFormat::Parse().
+    bool Parse(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input, Message* output);
+    // Like TextFormat::ParseFromString().
+    bool ParseFromString(const std::string& input, Message* output);
+    // Like TextFormat::Merge().
+    bool Merge(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input, Message* output);
+    // Like TextFormat::MergeFromString().
+    bool MergeFromString(const std::string& input, Message* output);
+
+    // Set where to report parse errors.  If NULL (the default), errors will
+    // be printed to stderr.
+    void RecordErrorsTo(io::ErrorCollector* error_collector) {
+      error_collector_ = error_collector;
+    }
+
+    // Set how parser finds extensions.  If NULL (the default), the
+    // parser will use the standard Reflection object associated with
+    // the message being parsed.
+    void SetFinder(const Finder* finder) { finder_ = finder; }
+
+    // Sets where location information about the parse will be written. If NULL
+    // (the default), then no location will be written.
+    void WriteLocationsTo(ParseInfoTree* tree) { parse_info_tree_ = tree; }
+
+    // Normally parsing fails if, after parsing, output->IsInitialized()
+    // returns false.  Call AllowPartialMessage(true) to skip this check.
+    void AllowPartialMessage(bool allow) { allow_partial_ = allow; }
+
+    // Allow field names to be matched case-insensitively.
+    // This is not advisable if there are fields that only differ in case, or
+    // if you want to enforce writing in the canonical form.
+    // This is 'false' by default.
+    void AllowCaseInsensitiveField(bool allow) {
+      allow_case_insensitive_field_ = allow;
+    }
+
+    // Like TextFormat::ParseFieldValueFromString
+    bool ParseFieldValueFromString(const std::string& input,
+                                   const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                   Message* output);
+
+    // When an unknown extension is met, parsing will fail if this option is set
+    // to false (the default). If true, unknown extensions will be ignored and
+    // a warning message will be generated.
+    void AllowUnknownExtension(bool allow) { allow_unknown_extension_ = allow; }
+
+    // When an unknown field is met, parsing will fail if this option is set
+    // to false(the default). If true, unknown fields will be ignored and
+    // a warning message will be generated.
+    // Please aware that set this option true may hide some errors (e.g.
+    // spelling error on field name). Avoid to use this option if possible.
+    void AllowUnknownField(bool allow) { allow_unknown_field_ = allow; }
+
+
+    void AllowFieldNumber(bool allow) { allow_field_number_ = allow; }
+
+    // Sets maximum recursion depth which parser can use. This is effectively
+    // the maximum allowed nesting of proto messages.
+    void SetRecursionLimit(int limit) { recursion_limit_ = limit; }
+
+   private:
+    // Forward declaration of an internal class used to parse text
+    // representations (see text_format.cc for implementation).
+    class ParserImpl;
+
+    // Like TextFormat::Merge().  The provided implementation is used
+    // to do the parsing.
+    bool MergeUsingImpl(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input, Message* output,
+                        ParserImpl* parser_impl);
+
+    io::ErrorCollector* error_collector_;
+    const Finder* finder_;
+    ParseInfoTree* parse_info_tree_;
+    bool allow_partial_;
+    bool allow_case_insensitive_field_;
+    bool allow_unknown_field_;
+    bool allow_unknown_extension_;
+    bool allow_unknown_enum_;
+    bool allow_field_number_;
+    bool allow_relaxed_whitespace_;
+    bool allow_singular_overwrites_;
+    int recursion_limit_;
+  };
+
+
+ private:
+  // Hack: ParseInfoTree declares TextFormat as a friend which should extend
+  // the friendship to TextFormat::Parser::ParserImpl, but unfortunately some
+  // old compilers (e.g. GCC 3.4.6) don't implement this correctly. We provide
+  // helpers for ParserImpl to call methods of ParseInfoTree.
+  static inline void RecordLocation(ParseInfoTree* info_tree,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    ParseLocation location);
+  static inline ParseInfoTree* CreateNested(ParseInfoTree* info_tree,
+                                            const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(TextFormat);
+};
+
+inline void TextFormat::RecordLocation(ParseInfoTree* info_tree,
+                                       const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                       ParseLocation location) {
+  info_tree->RecordLocation(field, location);
+}
+
+inline TextFormat::ParseInfoTree* TextFormat::CreateNested(
+    ParseInfoTree* info_tree, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return info_tree->CreateNested(field);
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TEXT_FORMAT_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/text_format_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/text_format_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3bb20b793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/text_format_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2031 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jschorr@google.com (Joseph Schorr)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util2.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_mset.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Can't use an anonymous namespace here due to brokenness of Tru64 compiler.
+namespace text_format_unittest {
+
+// A basic string with different escapable characters for testing.
+const std::string kEscapeTestString =
+    "\"A string with ' characters \n and \r newlines and \t tabs and \001 "
+    "slashes \\ and  multiple   spaces";
+
+// A representation of the above string with all the characters escaped.
+const std::string kEscapeTestStringEscaped =
+    "\"\\\"A string with \\' characters \\n and \\r newlines "
+    "and \\t tabs and \\001 slashes \\\\ and  multiple   spaces\"";
+
+class TextFormatTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  static void SetUpTestSuite() {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(
+        TestUtil::GetTestDataPath(
+            "net/proto2/internal/"
+            "testdata/text_format_unittest_data_oneof_implemented.txt"),
+        &static_proto_debug_string_, true));
+    CleanStringLineEndings(&static_proto_debug_string_, false);
+  }
+
+  TextFormatTest() : proto_debug_string_(static_proto_debug_string_) {}
+
+ protected:
+  // Debug string read from text_format_unittest_data.txt.
+  const std::string proto_debug_string_;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes proto_;
+
+ private:
+  static std::string static_proto_debug_string_;
+};
+std::string TextFormatTest::static_proto_debug_string_;
+
+class TextFormatExtensionsTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  static void SetUpTestSuite() {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(
+        TestUtil::GetTestDataPath("net/proto2/internal/testdata/"
+                                  "text_format_unittest_extensions_data.txt"),
+        &static_proto_debug_string_, true));
+    CleanStringLineEndings(&static_proto_debug_string_, false);
+  }
+
+  TextFormatExtensionsTest()
+      : proto_debug_string_(static_proto_debug_string_) {}
+
+ protected:
+  // Debug string read from text_format_unittest_data.txt.
+  const std::string proto_debug_string_;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions proto_;
+
+ private:
+  static std::string static_proto_debug_string_;
+};
+std::string TextFormatExtensionsTest::static_proto_debug_string_;
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, Basic) {
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&proto_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto_debug_string_, proto_.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatExtensionsTest, Extensions) {
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&proto_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto_debug_string_, proto_.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ShortDebugString) {
+  proto_.set_optional_int32(1);
+  proto_.set_optional_string("hello");
+  proto_.mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(2);
+  proto_.mutable_optional_foreign_message();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "optional_int32: 1 optional_string: \"hello\" "
+      "optional_nested_message { bb: 2 } "
+      "optional_foreign_message { }",
+      proto_.ShortDebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ShortPrimitiveRepeateds) {
+  proto_.set_optional_int32(123);
+  proto_.add_repeated_int32(456);
+  proto_.add_repeated_int32(789);
+  proto_.add_repeated_string("foo");
+  proto_.add_repeated_string("bar");
+  proto_.add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(2);
+  proto_.add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(3);
+  proto_.add_repeated_nested_enum(unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO);
+  proto_.add_repeated_nested_enum(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR);
+
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  printer.SetUseShortRepeatedPrimitives(true);
+  std::string text;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.PrintToString(proto_, &text));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "optional_int32: 123\n"
+      "repeated_int32: [456, 789]\n"
+      "repeated_string: \"foo\"\n"
+      "repeated_string: \"bar\"\n"
+      "repeated_nested_message {\n  bb: 2\n}\n"
+      "repeated_nested_message {\n  bb: 3\n}\n"
+      "repeated_nested_enum: [FOO, BAR]\n",
+      text);
+
+  // Verify that any existing data in the string is cleared when PrintToString()
+  // is called.
+  text = "just some data here...\n\nblah blah";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.PrintToString(proto_, &text));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "optional_int32: 123\n"
+      "repeated_int32: [456, 789]\n"
+      "repeated_string: \"foo\"\n"
+      "repeated_string: \"bar\"\n"
+      "repeated_nested_message {\n  bb: 2\n}\n"
+      "repeated_nested_message {\n  bb: 3\n}\n"
+      "repeated_nested_enum: [FOO, BAR]\n",
+      text);
+
+  // Try in single-line mode.
+  printer.SetSingleLineMode(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.PrintToString(proto_, &text));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "optional_int32: 123 "
+      "repeated_int32: [456, 789] "
+      "repeated_string: \"foo\" "
+      "repeated_string: \"bar\" "
+      "repeated_nested_message { bb: 2 } "
+      "repeated_nested_message { bb: 3 } "
+      "repeated_nested_enum: [FOO, BAR] ",
+      text);
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, StringEscape) {
+  // Set the string value to test.
+  proto_.set_optional_string(kEscapeTestString);
+
+  // Get the DebugString from the proto.
+  std::string debug_string = proto_.DebugString();
+  std::string utf8_debug_string = proto_.Utf8DebugString();
+
+  // Hardcode a correct value to test against.
+  std::string correct_string =
+      "optional_string: " + kEscapeTestStringEscaped + "\n";
+
+  // Compare.
+  EXPECT_EQ(correct_string, debug_string);
+  // UTF-8 string is the same as non-UTF-8 because
+  // the protocol buffer contains no UTF-8 text.
+  EXPECT_EQ(correct_string, utf8_debug_string);
+
+  std::string expected_short_debug_string =
+      "optional_string: " + kEscapeTestStringEscaped;
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_short_debug_string, proto_.ShortDebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, Utf8DebugString) {
+  // Set the string value to test.
+  proto_.set_optional_string("\350\260\267\346\255\214");
+  proto_.set_optional_bytes("\350\260\267\346\255\214");
+
+  // Get the DebugString from the proto.
+  std::string debug_string = proto_.DebugString();
+  std::string utf8_debug_string = proto_.Utf8DebugString();
+
+  // Hardcode a correct value to test against.
+  std::string correct_utf8_string =
+      "optional_string: "
+      "\"\350\260\267\346\255\214\""
+      "\n"
+      "optional_bytes: "
+      "\"\\350\\260\\267\\346\\255\\214\""
+      "\n";
+  std::string correct_string =
+      "optional_string: "
+      "\"\\350\\260\\267\\346\\255\\214\""
+      "\n"
+      "optional_bytes: "
+      "\"\\350\\260\\267\\346\\255\\214\""
+      "\n";
+
+  // Compare.
+  EXPECT_EQ(correct_utf8_string, utf8_debug_string);
+  EXPECT_EQ(correct_string, debug_string);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, PrintUnknownFields) {
+  // Test printing of unknown fields in a message.
+
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage message;
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields = message.mutable_unknown_fields();
+
+  unknown_fields->AddVarint(5, 1);
+  unknown_fields->AddFixed32(5, 2);
+  unknown_fields->AddFixed64(5, 3);
+  unknown_fields->AddLengthDelimited(5, "4");
+  unknown_fields->AddGroup(5)->AddVarint(10, 5);
+
+  unknown_fields->AddVarint(8, 1);
+  unknown_fields->AddVarint(8, 2);
+  unknown_fields->AddVarint(8, 3);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "5: 1\n"
+      "5: 0x00000002\n"
+      "5: 0x0000000000000003\n"
+      "5: \"4\"\n"
+      "5 {\n"
+      "  10: 5\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "8: 1\n"
+      "8: 2\n"
+      "8: 3\n",
+      message.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, PrintUnknownFieldsHidden) {
+  // Test printing of unknown fields in a message when suppressed.
+
+  unittest::OneString message;
+  message.set_data("data");
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields = message.mutable_unknown_fields();
+
+  unknown_fields->AddVarint(5, 1);
+  unknown_fields->AddFixed32(5, 2);
+  unknown_fields->AddFixed64(5, 3);
+  unknown_fields->AddLengthDelimited(5, "4");
+  unknown_fields->AddGroup(5)->AddVarint(10, 5);
+
+  unknown_fields->AddVarint(8, 1);
+  unknown_fields->AddVarint(8, 2);
+  unknown_fields->AddVarint(8, 3);
+
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  printer.SetHideUnknownFields(true);
+  std::string output;
+  printer.PrintToString(message, &output);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("data: \"data\"\n", output);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, PrintUnknownMessage) {
+  // Test heuristic printing of messages in an UnknownFieldSet.
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  // Cases which should not be interpreted as sub-messages.
+
+  // 'a' is a valid FIXED64 tag, so for the string to be parseable as a message
+  // it should be followed by 8 bytes.  Since this string only has two
+  // subsequent bytes, it should be treated as a string.
+  message.add_repeated_string("abc");
+
+  // 'd' happens to be a valid ENDGROUP tag.  So,
+  // UnknownFieldSet::MergeFromCodedStream() will successfully parse "def", but
+  // the ConsumedEntireMessage() check should fail.
+  message.add_repeated_string("def");
+
+  // A zero-length string should never be interpreted as a message even though
+  // it is technically valid as one.
+  message.add_repeated_string("");
+
+  // Case which should be interpreted as a sub-message.
+
+  // An actual nested message with content should always be interpreted as a
+  // nested message.
+  message.add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(123);
+
+  std::string data;
+  message.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  std::string text;
+  UnknownFieldSet unknown_fields;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(unknown_fields.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::PrintUnknownFieldsToString(unknown_fields, &text));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "44: \"abc\"\n"
+      "44: \"def\"\n"
+      "44: \"\"\n"
+      "48 {\n"
+      "  1: 123\n"
+      "}\n",
+      text);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, PrintMessageWithIndent) {
+  // Test adding an initial indent to printing.
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  message.add_repeated_string("abc");
+  message.add_repeated_string("def");
+  message.add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(123);
+
+  std::string text;
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  printer.SetInitialIndentLevel(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.PrintToString(message, &text));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "  repeated_string: \"abc\"\n"
+      "  repeated_string: \"def\"\n"
+      "  repeated_nested_message {\n"
+      "    bb: 123\n"
+      "  }\n",
+      text);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, PrintMessageSingleLine) {
+  // Test printing a message on a single line.
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  message.add_repeated_string("abc");
+  message.add_repeated_string("def");
+  message.add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(123);
+
+  std::string text;
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  printer.SetInitialIndentLevel(1);
+  printer.SetSingleLineMode(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.PrintToString(message, &text));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "  repeated_string: \"abc\" repeated_string: \"def\" "
+      "repeated_nested_message { bb: 123 } ",
+      text);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, PrintBufferTooSmall) {
+  // Test printing a message to a buffer that is too small.
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  message.add_repeated_string("abc");
+  message.add_repeated_string("def");
+
+  char buffer[1] = "";
+  io::ArrayOutputStream output_stream(buffer, 1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(TextFormat::Print(message, &output_stream));
+  EXPECT_EQ(buffer[0], 'r');
+  EXPECT_EQ(output_stream.ByteCount(), 1);
+}
+
+// A printer that appends 'u' to all unsigned int32.
+class CustomUInt32FieldValuePrinter : public TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter {
+ public:
+  virtual std::string PrintUInt32(uint32 val) const {
+    return StrCat(FieldValuePrinter::PrintUInt32(val), "u");
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, DefaultCustomFieldPrinter) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  message.set_optional_uint32(42);
+  message.add_repeated_uint32(1);
+  message.add_repeated_uint32(2);
+  message.add_repeated_uint32(3);
+
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  printer.SetDefaultFieldValuePrinter(new CustomUInt32FieldValuePrinter());
+  // Let's see if that works well together with the repeated primitives:
+  printer.SetUseShortRepeatedPrimitives(true);
+  std::string text;
+  printer.PrintToString(message, &text);
+  EXPECT_EQ("optional_uint32: 42u\nrepeated_uint32: [1u, 2u, 3u]\n", text);
+}
+
+class CustomInt32FieldValuePrinter : public TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter {
+ public:
+  virtual std::string PrintInt32(int32 val) const {
+    return StrCat("value-is(", FieldValuePrinter::PrintInt32(val), ")");
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, FieldSpecificCustomPrinter) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  message.set_optional_int32(42);  // This will be handled by our Printer.
+  message.add_repeated_int32(42);  // This will be printed as number.
+
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.RegisterFieldValuePrinter(
+      message.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("optional_int32"),
+      new CustomInt32FieldValuePrinter()));
+  std::string text;
+  printer.PrintToString(message, &text);
+  EXPECT_EQ("optional_int32: value-is(42)\nrepeated_int32: 42\n", text);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, FieldSpecificCustomPrinterRegisterSameFieldTwice) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  const FieldDescriptor* const field =
+      message.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("optional_int32");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(printer.RegisterFieldValuePrinter(
+      field, new CustomInt32FieldValuePrinter()));
+  const TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter* const rejected =
+      new CustomInt32FieldValuePrinter();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(printer.RegisterFieldValuePrinter(field, rejected));
+  delete rejected;
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ErrorCasesRegisteringFieldValuePrinterShouldFail) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  // NULL printer.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(printer.RegisterFieldValuePrinter(
+      message.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("optional_int32"),
+      static_cast<const TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter*>(nullptr)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(printer.RegisterFieldValuePrinter(
+      message.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("optional_int32"),
+      static_cast<const TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter*>(nullptr)));
+  // Because registration fails, the ownership of this printer is never taken.
+  TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter my_field_printer;
+  // NULL field
+  EXPECT_FALSE(printer.RegisterFieldValuePrinter(nullptr, &my_field_printer));
+}
+
+class CustomMessageFieldValuePrinter : public TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter {
+ public:
+  virtual std::string PrintInt32(int32 v) const {
+    return StrCat(FieldValuePrinter::PrintInt32(v), "  # x",
+                        strings::Hex(v));
+  }
+
+  virtual std::string PrintMessageStart(const Message& message, int field_index,
+                                        int field_count,
+                                        bool single_line_mode) const {
+    if (single_line_mode) {
+      return " { ";
+    }
+    return StrCat(" {  # ", message.GetDescriptor()->name(), ": ",
+                        field_index, "\n");
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, CustomPrinterForComments) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  message.mutable_optional_nested_message();
+  message.mutable_optional_import_message()->set_d(42);
+  message.add_repeated_nested_message();
+  message.add_repeated_nested_message();
+  message.add_repeated_import_message()->set_d(43);
+  message.add_repeated_import_message()->set_d(44);
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  CustomMessageFieldValuePrinter my_field_printer;
+  printer.SetDefaultFieldValuePrinter(new CustomMessageFieldValuePrinter());
+  std::string text;
+  printer.PrintToString(message, &text);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "optional_nested_message {  # NestedMessage: -1\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "optional_import_message {  # ImportMessage: -1\n"
+      "  d: 42  # x2a\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "repeated_nested_message {  # NestedMessage: 0\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "repeated_nested_message {  # NestedMessage: 1\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "repeated_import_message {  # ImportMessage: 0\n"
+      "  d: 43  # x2b\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "repeated_import_message {  # ImportMessage: 1\n"
+      "  d: 44  # x2c\n"
+      "}\n",
+      text);
+}
+
+class CustomMultilineCommentPrinter : public TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter {
+ public:
+  virtual std::string PrintMessageStart(const Message& message, int field_index,
+                                        int field_count,
+                                        bool single_line_comment) const {
+    return StrCat(" {  # 1\n", "  # 2\n");
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, CustomPrinterForMultilineComments) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  message.mutable_optional_nested_message();
+  message.mutable_optional_import_message()->set_d(42);
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  CustomMessageFieldValuePrinter my_field_printer;
+  printer.SetDefaultFieldValuePrinter(new CustomMultilineCommentPrinter());
+  std::string text;
+  printer.PrintToString(message, &text);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "optional_nested_message {  # 1\n"
+      "  # 2\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "optional_import_message {  # 1\n"
+      "  # 2\n"
+      "  d: 42\n"
+      "}\n",
+      text);
+}
+
+// Achieve effects similar to SetUseShortRepeatedPrimitives for messages, using
+// RegisterFieldValuePrinter. Use this to test the version of PrintFieldName
+// that accepts repeated field index and count.
+class CompactRepeatedFieldPrinter : public TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter {
+ public:
+  void PrintFieldName(const Message& message, int field_index, int field_count,
+                      const Reflection* reflection,
+                      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                      TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    if (field_index == 0 || field_index == -1) {
+      generator->PrintString(field->name());
+    }
+  }
+  // To prevent compiler complaining about Woverloaded-virtual
+  void PrintFieldName(const Message& message, const Reflection* reflection,
+                      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                      TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+  }
+  void PrintMessageStart(
+      const Message& message, int field_index, int field_count,
+      bool single_line_mode,
+      TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    if (field_index == 0 || field_index == -1) {
+      if (single_line_mode) {
+        generator->PrintLiteral(" { ");
+      } else {
+        generator->PrintLiteral(" {\n");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  void PrintMessageEnd(
+      const Message& message, int field_index, int field_count,
+      bool single_line_mode,
+      TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    if (field_index == field_count - 1 || field_index == -1) {
+      if (single_line_mode) {
+        generator->PrintLiteral("} ");
+      } else {
+        generator->PrintLiteral("}\n");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, CompactRepeatedFieldPrinter) {
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(printer.RegisterFieldValuePrinter(
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::default_instance()
+          .descriptor()
+          ->FindFieldByNumber(
+              unittest::TestAllTypes::kRepeatedNestedMessageFieldNumber),
+      new CompactRepeatedFieldPrinter));
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  message.add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(1);
+  message.add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(2);
+  message.add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(3);
+
+  std::string text;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(printer.PrintToString(message, &text));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "repeated_nested_message {\n"
+      "  bb: 1\n"
+      "  bb: 2\n"
+      "  bb: 3\n"
+      "}\n",
+      text);
+}
+
+// Print strings into multiple line, with indention. Use this to test
+// BaseTextGenerator::Indent and BaseTextGenerator::Outdent.
+class MultilineStringPrinter : public TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter {
+ public:
+  void PrintString(const std::string& val,
+                   TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->Indent();
+    int last_pos = 0;
+    int newline_pos = val.find('\n');
+    while (newline_pos != std::string::npos) {
+      generator->PrintLiteral("\n");
+      TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintString(
+          val.substr(last_pos, newline_pos + 1 - last_pos), generator);
+      last_pos = newline_pos + 1;
+      newline_pos = val.find('\n', last_pos);
+    }
+    if (last_pos < val.size()) {
+      generator->PrintLiteral("\n");
+      TextFormat::FastFieldValuePrinter::PrintString(val.substr(last_pos),
+                                                     generator);
+    }
+    generator->Outdent();
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, MultilineStringPrinter) {
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(printer.RegisterFieldValuePrinter(
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::default_instance()
+          .descriptor()
+          ->FindFieldByNumber(
+              unittest::TestAllTypes::kOptionalStringFieldNumber),
+      new MultilineStringPrinter));
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  message.set_optional_string("first line\nsecond line\nthird line");
+
+  std::string text;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(printer.PrintToString(message, &text));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "optional_string: \n"
+      "  \"first line\\n\"\n"
+      "  \"second line\\n\"\n"
+      "  \"third line\"\n",
+      text);
+}
+
+class CustomNestedMessagePrinter : public TextFormat::MessagePrinter {
+ public:
+  CustomNestedMessagePrinter() {}
+  ~CustomNestedMessagePrinter() override {}
+  void Print(const Message& message, bool single_line_mode,
+             TextFormat::BaseTextGenerator* generator) const override {
+    generator->PrintLiteral("custom");
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, CustomMessagePrinter) {
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  printer.RegisterMessagePrinter(
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage::default_instance().descriptor(),
+      new CustomNestedMessagePrinter);
+
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  std::string text;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.PrintToString(message, &text));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", text);
+
+  message.mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.PrintToString(message, &text));
+  EXPECT_EQ("optional_nested_message {\n  custom}\n", text);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseBasic) {
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(proto_debug_string_.data(),
+                                    proto_debug_string_.size());
+  TextFormat::Parse(&input_stream, &proto_);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(proto_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatExtensionsTest, ParseExtensions) {
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(proto_debug_string_.data(),
+                                    proto_debug_string_.size());
+  TextFormat::Parse(&input_stream, &proto_);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(proto_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseEnumFieldFromNumber) {
+  // Create a parse string with a numerical value for an enum field.
+  std::string parse_string = strings::Substitute("optional_nested_enum: $0",
+                                                 unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto_));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(proto_.has_optional_nested_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ, proto_.optional_nested_enum());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseEnumFieldFromNegativeNumber) {
+  ASSERT_LT(unittest::SPARSE_E, 0);
+  std::string parse_string =
+      strings::Substitute("sparse_enum: $0", unittest::SPARSE_E);
+  unittest::SparseEnumMessage proto;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(proto.has_sparse_enum());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::SPARSE_E, proto.sparse_enum());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, PrintUnknownEnumFieldProto3) {
+  proto3_unittest::TestAllTypes proto;
+
+  proto.add_repeated_nested_enum(
+      static_cast<proto3_unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum>(10));
+  proto.add_repeated_nested_enum(
+      static_cast<proto3_unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum>(-10));
+  proto.add_repeated_nested_enum(
+      static_cast<proto3_unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum>(2147483647));
+  proto.add_repeated_nested_enum(
+      static_cast<proto3_unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedEnum>(-2147483648));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "repeated_nested_enum: 10\n"
+      "repeated_nested_enum: -10\n"
+      "repeated_nested_enum: 2147483647\n"
+      "repeated_nested_enum: -2147483648\n",
+      proto.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseUnknownEnumFieldProto3) {
+  proto3_unittest::TestAllTypes proto;
+  std::string parse_string =
+      "repeated_nested_enum: [10, -10, 2147483647, -2147483648]";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto));
+  ASSERT_EQ(4, proto.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, proto.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-10, proto.repeated_nested_enum(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2147483647, proto.repeated_nested_enum(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-2147483648, proto.repeated_nested_enum(3));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseStringEscape) {
+  // Create a parse string with escpaed characters in it.
+  std::string parse_string =
+      "optional_string: " + kEscapeTestStringEscaped + "\n";
+
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(parse_string.data(), parse_string.size());
+  TextFormat::Parse(&input_stream, &proto_);
+
+  // Compare.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kEscapeTestString, proto_.optional_string());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseConcatenatedString) {
+  // Create a parse string with multiple parts on one line.
+  std::string parse_string = "optional_string: \"foo\" \"bar\"\n";
+
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream1(parse_string.data(), parse_string.size());
+  TextFormat::Parse(&input_stream1, &proto_);
+
+  // Compare.
+  EXPECT_EQ("foobar", proto_.optional_string());
+
+  // Create a parse string with multiple parts on separate lines.
+  parse_string =
+      "optional_string: \"foo\"\n"
+      "\"bar\"\n";
+
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream2(parse_string.data(), parse_string.size());
+  TextFormat::Parse(&input_stream2, &proto_);
+
+  // Compare.
+  EXPECT_EQ("foobar", proto_.optional_string());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseFloatWithSuffix) {
+  // Test that we can parse a floating-point value with 'f' appended to the
+  // end.  This is needed for backwards-compatibility with proto1.
+
+  // Have it parse a float with the 'f' suffix.
+  std::string parse_string = "optional_float: 1.0f\n";
+
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(parse_string.data(), parse_string.size());
+
+  TextFormat::Parse(&input_stream, &proto_);
+
+  // Compare.
+  EXPECT_EQ(1.0, proto_.optional_float());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseShortRepeatedForm) {
+  std::string parse_string =
+      // Mixed short-form and long-form are simply concatenated.
+      "repeated_int32: 1\n"
+      "repeated_int32: [456, 789]\n"
+      "repeated_nested_enum: [  FOO ,BAR, # comment\n"
+      "                         3]\n"
+      // Note that while the printer won't print repeated strings in short-form,
+      // the parser will accept them.
+      "repeated_string: [ \"foo\", 'bar' ]\n"
+      // Repeated message
+      "repeated_nested_message: [ { bb: 1 }, { bb : 2 }]\n"
+      // Repeated group
+      "RepeatedGroup [{ a: 3 },{ a: 4 }]\n";
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto_));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, proto_.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, proto_.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(456, proto_.repeated_int32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(789, proto_.repeated_int32(2));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, proto_.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO, proto_.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR, proto_.repeated_nested_enum(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ, proto_.repeated_nested_enum(2));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, proto_.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", proto_.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", proto_.repeated_string(1));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, proto_.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, proto_.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, proto_.repeated_nested_message(1).bb());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, proto_.repeatedgroup_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, proto_.repeatedgroup(0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, proto_.repeatedgroup(1).a());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseShortRepeatedWithTrailingComma) {
+  std::string parse_string = "repeated_int32: [456,]\n";
+  ASSERT_FALSE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto_));
+  parse_string = "repeated_nested_enum: [  FOO , ]";
+  ASSERT_FALSE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto_));
+  parse_string = "repeated_string: [ \"foo\", ]";
+  ASSERT_FALSE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto_));
+  parse_string = "repeated_nested_message: [ { bb: 1 }, ]";
+  ASSERT_FALSE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto_));
+  parse_string = "RepeatedGroup [{ a: 3 },]\n";
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseShortRepeatedEmpty) {
+  std::string parse_string =
+      "repeated_int32: []\n"
+      "repeated_nested_enum: []\n"
+      "repeated_string: []\n"
+      "repeated_nested_message: []\n"
+      "RepeatedGroup []\n";
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto_));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, proto_.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, proto_.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, proto_.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, proto_.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, proto_.repeatedgroup_size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseShortRepeatedConcatenatedWithEmpty) {
+  std::string parse_string =
+      // Starting with empty [] should have no impact.
+      "repeated_int32: []\n"
+      "repeated_nested_enum: []\n"
+      "repeated_string: []\n"
+      "repeated_nested_message: []\n"
+      "RepeatedGroup []\n"
+      // Mixed short-form and long-form are simply concatenated.
+      "repeated_int32: 1\n"
+      "repeated_int32: [456, 789]\n"
+      "repeated_nested_enum: [  FOO ,BAR, # comment\n"
+      "                         3]\n"
+      // Note that while the printer won't print repeated strings in short-form,
+      // the parser will accept them.
+      "repeated_string: [ \"foo\", 'bar' ]\n"
+      // Repeated message
+      "repeated_nested_message: [ { bb: 1 }, { bb : 2 }]\n"
+      // Repeated group
+      "RepeatedGroup [{ a: 3 },{ a: 4 }]\n"
+      // Adding empty [] should have no impact.
+      "repeated_int32: []\n"
+      "repeated_nested_enum: []\n"
+      "repeated_string: []\n"
+      "repeated_nested_message: []\n"
+      "RepeatedGroup []\n";
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto_));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, proto_.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, proto_.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(456, proto_.repeated_int32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(789, proto_.repeated_int32(2));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, proto_.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO, proto_.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR, proto_.repeated_nested_enum(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ, proto_.repeated_nested_enum(2));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, proto_.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", proto_.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", proto_.repeated_string(1));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, proto_.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, proto_.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, proto_.repeated_nested_message(1).bb());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, proto_.repeatedgroup_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, proto_.repeatedgroup(0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, proto_.repeatedgroup(1).a());
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, Comments) {
+  // Test that comments are ignored.
+
+  std::string parse_string =
+      "optional_int32: 1  # a comment\n"
+      "optional_int64: 2  # another comment";
+
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(parse_string.data(), parse_string.size());
+
+  TextFormat::Parse(&input_stream, &proto_);
+
+  // Compare.
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, proto_.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, proto_.optional_int64());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, OptionalColon) {
+  // Test that we can place a ':' after the field name of a nested message,
+  // even though we don't have to.
+
+  std::string parse_string = "optional_nested_message: { bb: 1}\n";
+
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(parse_string.data(), parse_string.size());
+
+  TextFormat::Parse(&input_stream, &proto_);
+
+  // Compare.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(proto_.has_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, proto_.optional_nested_message().bb());
+}
+
+// Some platforms (e.g. Windows) insist on padding the exponent to three
+// digits when one or two would be just fine.
+static std::string RemoveRedundantZeros(std::string text) {
+  text = StringReplace(text, "e+0", "e+", true);
+  text = StringReplace(text, "e-0", "e-", true);
+  return text;
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, PrintExotic) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  // Note:  In C, a negative integer literal is actually the unary negation
+  //   operator being applied to a positive integer literal, and
+  //   9223372036854775808 is outside the range of int64.  However, it is not
+  //   outside the range of uint64.  Confusingly, this means that everything
+  //   works if we make the literal unsigned, even though we are negating it.
+  message.add_repeated_int64(-PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(9223372036854775808));
+  message.add_repeated_uint64(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(18446744073709551615));
+  message.add_repeated_double(123.456);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.23e21);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.23e-18);
+  message.add_repeated_double(std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  message.add_repeated_double(-std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  message.add_repeated_double(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+  message.add_repeated_double(-std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+  message.add_repeated_double(std::numeric_limits<double>::signaling_NaN());
+  message.add_repeated_double(-std::numeric_limits<double>::signaling_NaN());
+  message.add_repeated_string(std::string("\000\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'\"", 12));
+
+  // Fun story:  We used to use 1.23e22 instead of 1.23e21 above, but this
+  //   seemed to trigger an odd case on MinGW/GCC 3.4.5 where GCC's parsing of
+  //   the value differed from strtod()'s parsing.  That is to say, the
+  //   following assertion fails on MinGW:
+  //     assert(1.23e22 == strtod("1.23e22", NULL));
+  //   As a result, SimpleDtoa() would print the value as
+  //   "1.2300000000000001e+22" to make sure strtod() produce the exact same
+  //   result.  Our goal is to test runtime parsing, not compile-time parsing,
+  //   so this wasn't our problem.  It was found that using 1.23e21 did not
+  //   have this problem, so we switched to that instead.
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "repeated_int64: -9223372036854775808\n"
+      "repeated_uint64: 18446744073709551615\n"
+      "repeated_double: 123.456\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.23e+21\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.23e-18\n"
+      "repeated_double: inf\n"
+      "repeated_double: -inf\n"
+      "repeated_double: nan\n"
+      "repeated_double: nan\n"
+      "repeated_double: nan\n"
+      "repeated_double: nan\n"
+      "repeated_string: "
+      "\"\\000\\001\\007\\010\\014\\n\\r\\t\\013\\\\\\'\\\"\"\n",
+      RemoveRedundantZeros(message.DebugString()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, PrintFloatPrecision) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  message.add_repeated_float(1.0);
+  message.add_repeated_float(1.2);
+  message.add_repeated_float(1.23);
+  message.add_repeated_float(1.234);
+  message.add_repeated_float(1.2345);
+  message.add_repeated_float(1.23456);
+  message.add_repeated_float(1.2e10);
+  message.add_repeated_float(1.23e10);
+  message.add_repeated_float(1.234e10);
+  message.add_repeated_float(1.2345e10);
+  message.add_repeated_float(1.23456e10);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.2);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.23);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.234);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.2345);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.23456);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.234567);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.2345678);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.23456789);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.234567898);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.2345678987);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.23456789876);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.234567898765);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.2345678987654);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.23456789876543);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.2e100);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.23e100);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.234e100);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.2345e100);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.23456e100);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.234567e100);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.2345678e100);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.23456789e100);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.234567898e100);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.2345678987e100);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.23456789876e100);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.234567898765e100);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.2345678987654e100);
+  message.add_repeated_double(1.23456789876543e100);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "repeated_float: 1\n"
+      "repeated_float: 1.2\n"
+      "repeated_float: 1.23\n"
+      "repeated_float: 1.234\n"
+      "repeated_float: 1.2345\n"
+      "repeated_float: 1.23456\n"
+      "repeated_float: 1.2e+10\n"
+      "repeated_float: 1.23e+10\n"
+      "repeated_float: 1.234e+10\n"
+      "repeated_float: 1.2345e+10\n"
+      "repeated_float: 1.23456e+10\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.2\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.23\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.234\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.2345\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.23456\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.234567\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.2345678\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.23456789\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.234567898\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.2345678987\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.23456789876\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.234567898765\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.2345678987654\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.23456789876543\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.2e+100\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.23e+100\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.234e+100\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.2345e+100\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.23456e+100\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.234567e+100\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.2345678e+100\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.23456789e+100\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.234567898e+100\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.2345678987e+100\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.23456789876e+100\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.234567898765e+100\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.2345678987654e+100\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.23456789876543e+100\n",
+      RemoveRedundantZeros(message.DebugString()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, AllowPartial) {
+  unittest::TestRequired message;
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  parser.AllowPartialMessage(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("a: 1", &message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.a());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_b());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.has_c());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseExotic) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(
+      "repeated_int32: -1\n"
+      "repeated_int32: -2147483648\n"
+      "repeated_int64: -1\n"
+      "repeated_int64: -9223372036854775808\n"
+      "repeated_uint32: 4294967295\n"
+      "repeated_uint32: 2147483648\n"
+      "repeated_uint64: 18446744073709551615\n"
+      "repeated_uint64: 9223372036854775808\n"
+      "repeated_double: 123.0\n"
+      "repeated_double: 123.5\n"
+      "repeated_double: 0.125\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.23E17\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.235E+22\n"
+      "repeated_double: 1.235e-18\n"
+      "repeated_double: 123.456789\n"
+      "repeated_double: inf\n"
+      "repeated_double: Infinity\n"
+      "repeated_double: -inf\n"
+      "repeated_double: -Infinity\n"
+      "repeated_double: nan\n"
+      "repeated_double: NaN\n"
+      "repeated_string: \"\\000\\001\\a\\b\\f\\n\\r\\t\\v\\\\\\'\\\"\"\n",
+      &message));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, message.repeated_int32(0));
+  // Note:  In C, a negative integer literal is actually the unary negation
+  //   operator being applied to a positive integer literal, and 2147483648 is
+  //   outside the range of int32.  However, it is not outside the range of
+  //   uint32.  Confusingly, this means that everything works if we make the
+  //   literal unsigned, even though we are negating it.
+  EXPECT_EQ(-2147483648u, message.repeated_int32(1));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_int64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, message.repeated_int64(0));
+  // Note:  In C, a negative integer literal is actually the unary negation
+  //   operator being applied to a positive integer literal, and
+  //   9223372036854775808 is outside the range of int64.  However, it is not
+  //   outside the range of uint64.  Confusingly, this means that everything
+  //   works if we make the literal unsigned, even though we are negating it.
+  EXPECT_EQ(-PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(9223372036854775808),
+            message.repeated_int64(1));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4294967295u, message.repeated_uint32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2147483648u, message.repeated_uint32(1));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_uint64_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(18446744073709551615),
+            message.repeated_uint64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(9223372036854775808),
+            message.repeated_uint64(1));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(13, message.repeated_double_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(123.0, message.repeated_double(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123.5, message.repeated_double(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0.125, message.repeated_double(2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1.23E17, message.repeated_double(3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1.235E22, message.repeated_double(4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1.235E-18, message.repeated_double(5));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123.456789, message.repeated_double(6));
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_double(7),
+            std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_double(8),
+            std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_double(9),
+            -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_double(10),
+            -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::isnan(message.repeated_double(11)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(std::isnan(message.repeated_double(12)));
+
+  // Note:  Since these string literals have \0's in them, we must explicitly
+  // pass their sizes to string's constructor.
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("\000\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'\"", 12),
+            message.repeated_string(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      TextFormat::ParseFromString("repeated_float: 3.4028235e+38\n"
+                                  "repeated_float: -3.4028235e+38\n"
+                                  "repeated_float: 3.402823567797337e+38\n"
+                                  "repeated_float: -3.402823567797337e+38\n",
+                                  &message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_float(0), std::numeric_limits<float>::max());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_float(1), -std::numeric_limits<float>::max());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_float(2), std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_float(3), -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
+
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, PrintFieldsInIndexOrder) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestFieldOrderings message;
+  // Fields are listed in index order instead of field number.
+  message.set_my_string("str");  // Field number 11
+  message.set_my_int(12345);     // Field number 1
+  message.set_my_float(0.999);   // Field number 101
+  // Extensions are listed based on the order of extension number.
+  // Extension number 12.
+  message
+      .MutableExtension(
+          protobuf_unittest::TestExtensionOrderings2::test_ext_orderings2)
+      ->set_my_string("ext_str2");
+  // Extension number 13.
+  message
+      .MutableExtension(
+          protobuf_unittest::TestExtensionOrderings1::test_ext_orderings1)
+      ->set_my_string("ext_str1");
+  // Extension number 14.
+  message
+      .MutableExtension(protobuf_unittest::TestExtensionOrderings2::
+                            TestExtensionOrderings3::test_ext_orderings3)
+      ->set_my_string("ext_str3");
+  // Extension number 50.
+  *message.MutableExtension(protobuf_unittest::my_extension_string) = "ext_str0";
+
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  std::string text;
+
+  // By default, print in field number order.
+  // my_int: 12345
+  // my_string: "str"
+  // [protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings2.test_ext_orderings2] {
+  //   my_string: "ext_str2"
+  // }
+  // [protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings1.test_ext_orderings1] {
+  //   my_string: "ext_str1"
+  // }
+  // [protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings2.TestExtensionOrderings3.test_ext_orderings3]
+  // {
+  //   my_string: "ext_str3"
+  // }
+  // [protobuf_unittest.my_extension_string]: "ext_str0"
+  // my_float: 0.999
+  printer.PrintToString(message, &text);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "my_int: 12345\nmy_string: "
+      "\"str\"\n[protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings2.test_ext_orderings2] "
+      "{\n  my_string: "
+      "\"ext_str2\"\n}\n[protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings1.test_ext_"
+      "orderings1] {\n  my_string: "
+      "\"ext_str1\"\n}\n[protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings2."
+      "TestExtensionOrderings3.test_ext_orderings3] {\n  my_string: "
+      "\"ext_str3\"\n}\n[protobuf_unittest.my_extension_string]: "
+      "\"ext_str0\"\nmy_float: 0.999\n",
+      text);
+
+  // Print in index order.
+  // my_string: "str"
+  // my_int: 12345
+  // my_float: 0.999
+  // [protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings2.test_ext_orderings2] {
+  //   my_string: "ext_str2"
+  // }
+  // [protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings1.test_ext_orderings1] {
+  //   my_string: "ext_str1"
+  // }
+  // [protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings2.TestExtensionOrderings3.test_ext_orderings3]
+  // {
+  //   my_string: "ext_str3"
+  // }
+  // [protobuf_unittest.my_extension_string]: "ext_str0"
+  printer.SetPrintMessageFieldsInIndexOrder(true);
+  printer.PrintToString(message, &text);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "my_string: \"str\"\nmy_int: 12345\nmy_float: "
+      "0.999\n[protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings2.test_ext_orderings2] "
+      "{\n  my_string: "
+      "\"ext_str2\"\n}\n[protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings1.test_ext_"
+      "orderings1] {\n  my_string: "
+      "\"ext_str1\"\n}\n[protobuf_unittest.TestExtensionOrderings2."
+      "TestExtensionOrderings3.test_ext_orderings3] {\n  my_string: "
+      "\"ext_str3\"\n}\n[protobuf_unittest.my_extension_string]: \"ext_str0\"\n",
+      text);
+}
+
+class TextFormatParserTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void ExpectFailure(const std::string& input, const std::string& message,
+                     int line, int col) {
+    std::unique_ptr<unittest::TestAllTypes> proto(new unittest::TestAllTypes);
+    ExpectFailure(input, message, line, col, proto.get());
+  }
+
+  void ExpectFailure(const std::string& input, const std::string& message,
+                     int line, int col, Message* proto) {
+    ExpectMessage(input, message, line, col, proto, false);
+  }
+
+  void ExpectMessage(const std::string& input, const std::string& message,
+                     int line, int col, Message* proto, bool expected_result) {
+    MockErrorCollector error_collector;
+    parser_.RecordErrorsTo(&error_collector);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_result, parser_.ParseFromString(input, proto))
+        << input << " -> " << proto->DebugString();
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        StrCat(line) + ":" + StrCat(col) + ": " + message + "\n",
+        error_collector.text_);
+    parser_.RecordErrorsTo(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  void ExpectSuccessAndTree(const std::string& input, Message* proto,
+                            TextFormat::ParseInfoTree* info_tree) {
+    MockErrorCollector error_collector;
+    parser_.RecordErrorsTo(&error_collector);
+    parser_.WriteLocationsTo(info_tree);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parser_.ParseFromString(input, proto));
+    parser_.WriteLocationsTo(nullptr);
+    parser_.RecordErrorsTo(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  void ExpectLocation(TextFormat::ParseInfoTree* tree, const Descriptor* d,
+                      const std::string& field_name, int index, int line,
+                      int column) {
+    TextFormat::ParseLocation location =
+        tree->GetLocation(d->FindFieldByName(field_name), index);
+    EXPECT_EQ(line, location.line);
+    EXPECT_EQ(column, location.column);
+  }
+
+  // An error collector which simply concatenates all its errors into a big
+  // block of text which can be checked.
+  class MockErrorCollector : public io::ErrorCollector {
+   public:
+    MockErrorCollector() {}
+    ~MockErrorCollector() {}
+
+    std::string text_;
+
+    // implements ErrorCollector -------------------------------------
+    void AddError(int line, int column, const std::string& message) {
+      strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&text_, "$0:$1: $2\n", line + 1, column + 1,
+                                   message);
+    }
+
+    void AddWarning(int line, int column, const std::string& message) {
+      AddError(line, column, "WARNING:" + message);
+    }
+  };
+
+  TextFormat::Parser parser_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, ParseInfoTreeBuilding) {
+  std::unique_ptr<unittest::TestAllTypes> message(new unittest::TestAllTypes);
+  const Descriptor* d = message->GetDescriptor();
+
+  std::string stringData =
+      "optional_int32: 1\n"
+      "optional_int64: 2\n"
+      "  optional_double: 2.4\n"
+      "repeated_int32: 5\n"
+      "repeated_int32: 10\n"
+      "optional_nested_message <\n"
+      "  bb: 78\n"
+      ">\n"
+      "repeated_nested_message <\n"
+      "  bb: 79\n"
+      ">\n"
+      "repeated_nested_message <\n"
+      "  bb: 80\n"
+      ">";
+
+  TextFormat::ParseInfoTree tree;
+  ExpectSuccessAndTree(stringData, message.get(), &tree);
+
+  // Verify that the tree has the correct positions.
+  ExpectLocation(&tree, d, "optional_int32", -1, 0, 0);
+  ExpectLocation(&tree, d, "optional_int64", -1, 1, 0);
+  ExpectLocation(&tree, d, "optional_double", -1, 2, 2);
+
+  ExpectLocation(&tree, d, "repeated_int32", 0, 3, 0);
+  ExpectLocation(&tree, d, "repeated_int32", 1, 4, 0);
+
+  ExpectLocation(&tree, d, "optional_nested_message", -1, 5, 0);
+  ExpectLocation(&tree, d, "repeated_nested_message", 0, 8, 0);
+  ExpectLocation(&tree, d, "repeated_nested_message", 1, 11, 0);
+
+  // Check for fields not set. For an invalid field, the location returned
+  // should be -1, -1.
+  ExpectLocation(&tree, d, "repeated_int64", 0, -1, -1);
+  ExpectLocation(&tree, d, "repeated_int32", 6, -1, -1);
+  ExpectLocation(&tree, d, "some_unknown_field", -1, -1, -1);
+
+  // Verify inside the nested message.
+  const FieldDescriptor* nested_field =
+      d->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+
+  TextFormat::ParseInfoTree* nested_tree =
+      tree.GetTreeForNested(nested_field, -1);
+  ExpectLocation(nested_tree, nested_field->message_type(), "bb", -1, 6, 2);
+
+  // Verify inside another nested message.
+  nested_field = d->FindFieldByName("repeated_nested_message");
+  nested_tree = tree.GetTreeForNested(nested_field, 0);
+  ExpectLocation(nested_tree, nested_field->message_type(), "bb", -1, 9, 2);
+
+  nested_tree = tree.GetTreeForNested(nested_field, 1);
+  ExpectLocation(nested_tree, nested_field->message_type(), "bb", -1, 12, 2);
+
+  // Verify a NULL tree for an unknown nested field.
+  TextFormat::ParseInfoTree* unknown_nested_tree =
+      tree.GetTreeForNested(nested_field, 2);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, unknown_nested_tree);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, ParseFieldValueFromString) {
+  std::unique_ptr<unittest::TestAllTypes> message(new unittest::TestAllTypes);
+  const Descriptor* d = message->GetDescriptor();
+
+#define EXPECT_FIELD(name, value, valuestring)                             \
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFieldValueFromString(                       \
+      valuestring, d->FindFieldByName("optional_" #name), message.get())); \
+  EXPECT_EQ(value, message->optional_##name());                            \
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message->has_optional_##name());
+
+#define EXPECT_BOOL_FIELD(name, value, valuestring)                        \
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFieldValueFromString(                       \
+      valuestring, d->FindFieldByName("optional_" #name), message.get())); \
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message->optional_##name() == value);                        \
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message->has_optional_##name());
+
+#define EXPECT_FLOAT_FIELD(name, value, valuestring)                       \
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFieldValueFromString(                       \
+      valuestring, d->FindFieldByName("optional_" #name), message.get())); \
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(value, message->optional_##name());                      \
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message->has_optional_##name());
+
+#define EXPECT_DOUBLE_FIELD(name, value, valuestring)                      \
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFieldValueFromString(                       \
+      valuestring, d->FindFieldByName("optional_" #name), message.get())); \
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(value, message->optional_##name());                     \
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message->has_optional_##name());
+
+#define EXPECT_INVALID(name, valuestring)             \
+  EXPECT_FALSE(TextFormat::ParseFieldValueFromString( \
+      valuestring, d->FindFieldByName("optional_" #name), message.get()));
+
+  // int32
+  EXPECT_FIELD(int32, 1, "1");
+  EXPECT_FIELD(int32, -1, "-1");
+  EXPECT_FIELD(int32, 0x1234, "0x1234");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(int32, "a");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(int32, "999999999999999999999999999999999999");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(int32, "1,2");
+
+  // int64
+  EXPECT_FIELD(int64, 1, "1");
+  EXPECT_FIELD(int64, -1, "-1");
+  EXPECT_FIELD(int64, 0x1234567812345678LL, "0x1234567812345678");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(int64, "a");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(int64, "999999999999999999999999999999999999");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(int64, "1,2");
+
+  // uint64
+  EXPECT_FIELD(uint64, 1, "1");
+  EXPECT_FIELD(uint64, 0xf234567812345678ULL, "0xf234567812345678");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(uint64, "-1");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(uint64, "a");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(uint64, "999999999999999999999999999999999999");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(uint64, "1,2");
+
+  // fixed32
+  EXPECT_FIELD(fixed32, 1, "1");
+  EXPECT_FIELD(fixed32, 0x12345678, "0x12345678");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(fixed32, "-1");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(fixed32, "a");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(fixed32, "999999999999999999999999999999999999");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(fixed32, "1,2");
+
+  // fixed64
+  EXPECT_FIELD(fixed64, 1, "1");
+  EXPECT_FIELD(fixed64, 0x1234567812345678ULL, "0x1234567812345678");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(fixed64, "-1");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(fixed64, "a");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(fixed64, "999999999999999999999999999999999999");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(fixed64, "1,2");
+
+  // bool
+  EXPECT_BOOL_FIELD(bool, true, "true");
+  EXPECT_BOOL_FIELD(bool, false, "false");
+  EXPECT_BOOL_FIELD(bool, true, "1");
+  EXPECT_BOOL_FIELD(bool, true, "t");
+  EXPECT_BOOL_FIELD(bool, false, "0");
+  EXPECT_BOOL_FIELD(bool, false, "f");
+  EXPECT_FIELD(bool, true, "True");
+  EXPECT_FIELD(bool, false, "False");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(bool, "tRue");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(bool, "faLse");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(bool, "2");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(bool, "-0");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(bool, "on");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(bool, "a");
+
+  // float
+  EXPECT_FIELD(float, 1, "1");
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_FIELD(float, 1.5, "1.5");
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_FIELD(float, 1.5e3, "1.5e3");
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_FIELD(float, -4.55, "-4.55");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(float, "a");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(float, "1,2");
+
+  // double
+  EXPECT_FIELD(double, 1, "1");
+  EXPECT_FIELD(double, -1, "-1");
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_FIELD(double, 2.3, "2.3");
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_FIELD(double, 3e5, "3e5");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(double, "a");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(double, "1,2");
+  // Rejects hex and oct numbers for a double field.
+  EXPECT_INVALID(double, "0xf");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(double, "012");
+
+  // string
+  EXPECT_FIELD(string, "hello", "\"hello\"");
+  EXPECT_FIELD(string, "-1.87", "'-1.87'");
+  EXPECT_INVALID(string, "hello");  // without quote for value
+
+  // enum
+  EXPECT_FIELD(nested_enum, unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR, "BAR");
+  EXPECT_FIELD(nested_enum, unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ,
+               StrCat(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ));
+  EXPECT_INVALID(nested_enum, "FOOBAR");
+
+  // message
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFieldValueFromString(
+      "<bb:12>", d->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_message"), message.get()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, message->optional_nested_message().bb());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message->has_optional_nested_message());
+  EXPECT_INVALID(nested_message, "any");
+
+#undef EXPECT_FIELD
+#undef EXPECT_BOOL_FIELD
+#undef EXPECT_FLOAT_FIELD
+#undef EXPECT_DOUBLE_FIELD
+#undef EXPECT_INVALID
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, InvalidToken) {
+  ExpectFailure("optional_bool: true\n-5\n", "Expected identifier, got: -", 2,
+                1);
+
+  ExpectFailure("optional_bool: true!\n", "Expected identifier, got: !", 1, 20);
+  ExpectFailure("\"some string\"", "Expected identifier, got: \"some string\"",
+                1, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, InvalidFieldName) {
+  ExpectFailure(
+      "invalid_field: somevalue\n",
+      "Message type \"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes\" has no field named "
+      "\"invalid_field\".",
+      1, 14);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, InvalidCapitalization) {
+  // We require that group names be exactly as they appear in the .proto.
+  ExpectFailure(
+      "optionalgroup {\na: 15\n}\n",
+      "Message type \"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes\" has no field named "
+      "\"optionalgroup\".",
+      1, 15);
+  ExpectFailure(
+      "OPTIONALgroup {\na: 15\n}\n",
+      "Message type \"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes\" has no field named "
+      "\"OPTIONALgroup\".",
+      1, 15);
+  ExpectFailure(
+      "Optional_Double: 10.0\n",
+      "Message type \"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes\" has no field named "
+      "\"Optional_Double\".",
+      1, 16);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, AllowIgnoreCapitalizationError) {
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes proto;
+
+  // These fields have a mismatching case.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parser.ParseFromString("Optional_Double: 10.0", &proto));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parser.ParseFromString("oPtIoNaLgRoUp { a: 15 }", &proto));
+
+  // ... but are parsed correctly if we match case insensitive.
+  parser.AllowCaseInsensitiveField(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("Optional_Double: 10.0", &proto));
+  EXPECT_EQ(10.0, proto.optional_double());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("oPtIoNaLgRoUp { a: 15 }", &proto));
+  EXPECT_EQ(15, proto.optionalgroup().a());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, InvalidFieldValues) {
+  // Invalid values for a double/float field.
+  ExpectFailure("optional_double: \"hello\"\n",
+                "Expected double, got: \"hello\"", 1, 18);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_double: true\n", "Expected double, got: true", 1, 18);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_double: !\n", "Expected double, got: !", 1, 18);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_double {\n  \n}\n", "Expected \":\", found \"{\".", 1,
+                17);
+
+  // Invalid values for a signed integer field.
+  ExpectFailure("optional_int32: \"hello\"\n",
+                "Expected integer, got: \"hello\"", 1, 17);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_int32: true\n", "Expected integer, got: true", 1, 17);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_int32: 4.5\n", "Expected integer, got: 4.5", 1, 17);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_int32: !\n", "Expected integer, got: !", 1, 17);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_int32 {\n \n}\n", "Expected \":\", found \"{\".", 1,
+                16);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_int32: 0x80000000\n",
+                "Integer out of range (0x80000000)", 1, 17);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_int64: 0x8000000000000000\n",
+                "Integer out of range (0x8000000000000000)", 1, 17);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_int32: -0x80000001\n",
+                "Integer out of range (0x80000001)", 1, 18);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_int64: -0x8000000000000001\n",
+                "Integer out of range (0x8000000000000001)", 1, 18);
+
+  // Invalid values for an unsigned integer field.
+  ExpectFailure("optional_uint64: \"hello\"\n",
+                "Expected integer, got: \"hello\"", 1, 18);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_uint64: true\n", "Expected integer, got: true", 1,
+                18);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_uint64: 4.5\n", "Expected integer, got: 4.5", 1, 18);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_uint64: -5\n", "Expected integer, got: -", 1, 18);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_uint64: !\n", "Expected integer, got: !", 1, 18);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_uint64 {\n \n}\n", "Expected \":\", found \"{\".", 1,
+                17);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_uint32: 0x100000000\n",
+                "Integer out of range (0x100000000)", 1, 18);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_uint64: 0x10000000000000000\n",
+                "Integer out of range (0x10000000000000000)", 1, 18);
+
+  // Invalid values for a boolean field.
+  ExpectFailure("optional_bool: \"hello\"\n",
+                "Expected identifier, got: \"hello\"", 1, 16);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_bool: 5\n", "Integer out of range (5)", 1, 16);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_bool: -7.5\n", "Expected identifier, got: -", 1, 16);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_bool: !\n", "Expected identifier, got: !", 1, 16);
+
+  ExpectFailure(
+      "optional_bool: meh\n",
+      "Invalid value for boolean field \"optional_bool\". Value: \"meh\".", 2,
+      1);
+
+  ExpectFailure("optional_bool {\n \n}\n", "Expected \":\", found \"{\".", 1,
+                15);
+
+  // Invalid values for a string field.
+  ExpectFailure("optional_string: true\n", "Expected string, got: true", 1, 18);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_string: 5\n", "Expected string, got: 5", 1, 18);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_string: -7.5\n", "Expected string, got: -", 1, 18);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_string: !\n", "Expected string, got: !", 1, 18);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_string {\n \n}\n", "Expected \":\", found \"{\".", 1,
+                17);
+
+  // Invalid values for an enumeration field.
+  ExpectFailure("optional_nested_enum: \"hello\"\n",
+                "Expected integer or identifier, got: \"hello\"", 1, 23);
+
+  // Valid token, but enum value is not defined.
+  ExpectFailure("optional_nested_enum: 5\n",
+                "Unknown enumeration value of \"5\" for field "
+                "\"optional_nested_enum\".",
+                2, 1);
+  // We consume the negative sign, so the error position starts one character
+  // later.
+  ExpectFailure("optional_nested_enum: -7.5\n", "Expected integer, got: 7.5", 1,
+                24);
+  ExpectFailure("optional_nested_enum: !\n",
+                "Expected integer or identifier, got: !", 1, 23);
+
+  ExpectFailure("optional_nested_enum: grah\n",
+                "Unknown enumeration value of \"grah\" for field "
+                "\"optional_nested_enum\".",
+                2, 1);
+
+  ExpectFailure("optional_nested_enum {\n \n}\n",
+                "Expected \":\", found \"{\".", 1, 22);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, MessageDelimiters) {
+  // Non-matching delimiters.
+  ExpectFailure("OptionalGroup <\n \n}\n", "Expected \">\", found \"}\".", 3,
+                1);
+
+  // Invalid delimiters.
+  ExpectFailure("OptionalGroup [\n \n]\n", "Expected \"{\", found \"[\".", 1,
+                15);
+
+  // Unending message.
+  ExpectFailure("optional_nested_message {\n \nbb: 118\n",
+                "Expected identifier, got: ", 4, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, UnknownExtension) {
+  // Non-matching delimiters.
+  ExpectFailure("[blahblah]: 123",
+                "Extension \"blahblah\" is not defined or is not an "
+                "extension of \"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes\".",
+                1, 11);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, MissingRequired) {
+  unittest::TestRequired message;
+  ExpectFailure("a: 1", "Message missing required fields: b, c", 0, 1,
+                &message);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, ParseDuplicateRequired) {
+  unittest::TestRequired message;
+  ExpectFailure("a: 1 b: 2 c: 3 a: 1",
+                "Non-repeated field \"a\" is specified multiple times.", 1, 17,
+                &message);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, ParseDuplicateOptional) {
+  unittest::ForeignMessage message;
+  ExpectFailure("c: 1 c: 2",
+                "Non-repeated field \"c\" is specified multiple times.", 1, 7,
+                &message);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, MergeDuplicateRequired) {
+  unittest::TestRequired message;
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.MergeFromString("a: 1 b: 2 c: 3 a: 4", &message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, message.a());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, MergeDuplicateOptional) {
+  unittest::ForeignMessage message;
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.MergeFromString("c: 1 c: 2", &message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.c());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, ExplicitDelimiters) {
+  unittest::TestRequired message;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString("a:1,b:2;c:3", &message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.b());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, message.c());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, PrintErrorsToStderr) {
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog log;
+    unittest::TestAllTypes proto;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(TextFormat::ParseFromString("no_such_field: 1", &proto));
+    errors = log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "Error parsing text-format protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes: "
+      "1:14: Message type \"protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes\" has no field "
+      "named \"no_such_field\".",
+      errors[0]);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, FailsOnTokenizationError) {
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog log;
+    unittest::TestAllTypes proto;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(TextFormat::ParseFromString("\020", &proto));
+    errors = log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "Error parsing text-format protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes: "
+      "1:1: Invalid control characters encountered in text.",
+      errors[0]);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, ParseDeprecatedField) {
+  unittest::TestDeprecatedFields message;
+  ExpectMessage("deprecated_int32: 42",
+                "WARNING:text format contains deprecated field "
+                "\"deprecated_int32\"",
+                1, 21, &message, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatParserTest, SetRecursionLimit) {
+  const char* format = "child: { $0 }";
+  std::string input;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) input = strings::Substitute(format, input);
+
+  unittest::NestedTestAllTypes message;
+  ExpectSuccessAndTree(input, &message, nullptr);
+
+  input = strings::Substitute(format, input);
+  parser_.SetRecursionLimit(100);
+  ExpectMessage(input, "Message is too deep", 1, 908, &message, false);
+
+  parser_.SetRecursionLimit(101);
+  ExpectSuccessAndTree(input, &message, nullptr);
+}
+
+class TextFormatMessageSetTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  static const char proto_debug_string_[];
+};
+const char TextFormatMessageSetTest::proto_debug_string_[] =
+    "message_set {\n"
+    "  [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension1] {\n"
+    "    i: 23\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  [protobuf_unittest.TestMessageSetExtension2] {\n"
+    "    str: \"foo\"\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n";
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatMessageSetTest, Serialize) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMessageSetContainer proto;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1* item_a =
+      proto.mutable_message_set()->MutableExtension(
+          protobuf_unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension);
+  item_a->set_i(23);
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMessageSetExtension2* item_b =
+      proto.mutable_message_set()->MutableExtension(
+          protobuf_unittest::TestMessageSetExtension2::message_set_extension);
+  item_b->set_str("foo");
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto_debug_string_, proto.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatMessageSetTest, Deserialize) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMessageSetContainer proto;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(proto_debug_string_, &proto));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      23,
+      proto.message_set()
+          .GetExtension(
+              protobuf_unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension)
+          .i());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "foo",
+      proto.message_set()
+          .GetExtension(
+              protobuf_unittest::TestMessageSetExtension2::message_set_extension)
+          .str());
+
+  // Ensure that these are the only entries present.
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> descriptors;
+  proto.message_set().GetReflection()->ListFields(proto.message_set(),
+                                                  &descriptors);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, descriptors.size());
+}
+
+TEST(TextFormatUnknownFieldTest, TestUnknownField) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes proto;
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  // Unknown field is not permitted by default.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: 12345", &proto));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parser.ParseFromString("12345678: 12345", &proto));
+
+  parser.AllowUnknownField(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: 12345", &proto));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: -12345", &proto));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: 1.2345", &proto));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: -1.2345", &proto));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: 1.2345f", &proto));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: -1.2345f", &proto));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: inf", &proto));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: -inf", &proto));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: TYPE_STRING", &proto));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: \"string value\"", &proto));
+  // Invalid field value
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: -TYPE_STRING", &proto));
+  // Two or more unknown fields
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field1: TYPE_STRING\n"
+                             "unknown_field2: 12345",
+                             &proto));
+  // Unknown nested message
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      parser.ParseFromString("unknown_message1: {}\n"
+                             "unknown_message2 {\n"
+                             "  unknown_field: 12345\n"
+                             "}\n"
+                             "unknown_message3 <\n"
+                             "  unknown_nested_message {\n"
+                             "    unknown_field: 12345\n"
+                             "  }\n"
+                             ">",
+                             &proto));
+  // Unmatched delimeters for message body
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_message: {>", &proto));
+  // Unknown extension
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      parser.ParseFromString("[somewhere.unknown_extension1]: 12345\n"
+                             "[somewhere.unknown_extension2] {\n"
+                             "  unknown_field: 12345\n"
+                             "}",
+                             &proto));
+  // Unknown fields between known fields
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      parser.ParseFromString("optional_int32: 1\n"
+                             "unknown_field: 12345\n"
+                             "optional_string: \"string\"\n"
+                             "unknown_message { unknown: 0 }\n"
+                             "optional_nested_message { bb: 2 }",
+                             &proto));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, proto.optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ("string", proto.optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, proto.optional_nested_message().bb());
+
+  // Unknown field with numeric tag number instead of identifier.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("12345678: 12345", &proto));
+
+  // Nested unknown extensions.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      parser.ParseFromString("[test.extension1] <\n"
+                             "  unknown_nested_message <\n"
+                             "    [test.extension2] <\n"
+                             "      unknown_field: 12345\n"
+                             "    >\n"
+                             "  >\n"
+                             ">",
+                             &proto));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      parser.ParseFromString("[test.extension1] {\n"
+                             "  unknown_nested_message {\n"
+                             "    [test.extension2] {\n"
+                             "      unknown_field: 12345\n"
+                             "    }\n"
+                             "  }\n"
+                             "}",
+                             &proto));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      parser.ParseFromString("[test.extension1] <\n"
+                             "  some_unknown_fields: <\n"
+                             "    unknown_field: 12345\n"
+                             "  >\n"
+                             ">",
+                             &proto));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      parser.ParseFromString("[test.extension1] {\n"
+                             "  some_unknown_fields: {\n"
+                             "    unknown_field: 12345\n"
+                             "  }\n"
+                             "}",
+                             &proto));
+
+  // Unknown field with compact repetition.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: [1, 2]", &proto));
+  // Unknown field with compact repetition of some unknown enum.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: [VAL1, VAL2]", &proto));
+  // Unknown field with compact repetition with sub-message.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: [{a:1}, <b:2>]", &proto));
+}
+
+TEST(TextFormatUnknownFieldTest, TestAnyInUnknownField) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes proto;
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  parser.AllowUnknownField(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      parser.ParseFromString("unknown {\n"
+                             "  [type.googleapis.com/foo.bar] {\n"
+                             "  }\n"
+                             "}",
+                             &proto));
+}
+
+TEST(TextFormatUnknownFieldTest, TestUnknownExtension) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes proto;
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  std::string message_with_ext =
+      "[test.extension1] {\n"
+      "  some_unknown_fields: {\n"
+      "    unknown_field: 12345\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}";
+  // Unknown extensions are not permitted by default.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parser.ParseFromString(message_with_ext, &proto));
+  // AllowUnknownField implies AllowUnknownExtension.
+  parser.AllowUnknownField(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString(message_with_ext, &proto));
+
+  parser.AllowUnknownField(false);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parser.ParseFromString(message_with_ext, &proto));
+  parser.AllowUnknownExtension(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString(message_with_ext, &proto));
+  // Unknown fields are still not accepted.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parser.ParseFromString("unknown_field: 1", &proto));
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace text_format_unittest
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24a299ef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
+
+#include <google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class TimestampDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Timestamp> _instance;
+} _Timestamp_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_Timestamp_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Timestamp_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Timestamp();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Timestamp::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_Timestamp_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_Timestamp_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto[1];
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor const** file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto = nullptr;
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor const** file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto = nullptr;
+
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto::offsets[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Timestamp, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Timestamp, seconds_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Timestamp, nanos_),
+};
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MigrationSchema schemas[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  { 0, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Timestamp)},
+};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message const * const file_default_instances[] = {
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Timestamp_default_instance_),
+};
+
+const char descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
+  "\n\037google/protobuf/timestamp.proto\022\017googl"
+  "e.protobuf\"+\n\tTimestamp\022\017\n\007seconds\030\001 \001(\003"
+  "\022\r\n\005nanos\030\002 \001(\005B~\n\023com.google.protobufB\016"
+  "TimestampProtoP\001Z+github.com/golang/prot"
+  "obuf/ptypes/timestamp\370\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google."
+  "Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3"
+  ;
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_deps[1] = {
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_sccs[1] = {
+  &scc_info_Timestamp_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto.base,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_once;
+static bool descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_initialized = false;
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto = {
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_initialized, descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto, "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto", 231,
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_once, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_sccs, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_deps, 1, 0,
+  schemas, file_default_instances, TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto::offsets,
+  file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto, 1, file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto, file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto,
+};
+
+// Force running AddDescriptors() at dynamic initialization time.
+static bool dynamic_init_dummy_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto = (  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AddDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto), true);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Timestamp::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class Timestamp::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+Timestamp::Timestamp()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+}
+Timestamp::Timestamp(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+}
+Timestamp::Timestamp(const Timestamp& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::memcpy(&seconds_, &from.seconds_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&nanos_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&seconds_)) + sizeof(nanos_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+}
+
+void Timestamp::SharedCtor() {
+  ::memset(&seconds_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&nanos_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&seconds_)) + sizeof(nanos_));
+}
+
+Timestamp::~Timestamp() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Timestamp::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void Timestamp::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Timestamp* _this = reinterpret_cast< Timestamp* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Timestamp::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void Timestamp::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Timestamp& Timestamp::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_Timestamp_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Timestamp::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  ::memset(&seconds_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&nanos_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&seconds_)) + sizeof(nanos_));
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Timestamp::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // int64 seconds = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          seconds_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // int32 nanos = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          nanos_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Timestamp::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // int64 seconds = 1;
+  if (this->seconds() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt64ToArray(1, this->_internal_seconds(), target);
+  }
+
+  // int32 nanos = 2;
+  if (this->nanos() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(2, this->_internal_nanos(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Timestamp::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // int64 seconds = 1;
+  if (this->seconds() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int64Size(
+        this->_internal_seconds());
+  }
+
+  // int32 nanos = 2;
+  if (this->nanos() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+        this->_internal_nanos());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Timestamp::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Timestamp* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Timestamp>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Timestamp::MergeFrom(const Timestamp& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (from.seconds() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_seconds(from._internal_seconds());
+  }
+  if (from.nanos() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_nanos(from._internal_nanos());
+  }
+}
+
+void Timestamp::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Timestamp::CopyFrom(const Timestamp& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Timestamp::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Timestamp::InternalSwap(Timestamp* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(seconds_, other->seconds_);
+  swap(nanos_, other->nanos_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Timestamp::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Timestamp* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Timestamp >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Timestamp >(arena);
+}
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f0a4330c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3011000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3011004 < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace internal {
+class AnyMetadata;
+}  // namespace internal
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto {
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTableField entries[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTable schema[1]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 offsets[];
+};
+extern PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class Timestamp;
+class TimestampDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern TimestampDefaultTypeInternal _Timestamp_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Timestamp* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Timestamp>(Arena*);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Timestamp :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Timestamp) */ {
+ public:
+  Timestamp();
+  virtual ~Timestamp();
+
+  Timestamp(const Timestamp& from);
+  Timestamp(Timestamp&& from) noexcept
+    : Timestamp() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Timestamp& operator=(const Timestamp& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Timestamp& operator=(Timestamp&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Timestamp& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Timestamp* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Timestamp*>(
+               &_Timestamp_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    0;
+
+  friend void swap(Timestamp& a, Timestamp& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Timestamp* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Timestamp* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Timestamp* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Timestamp>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Timestamp* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Timestamp>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Timestamp& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Timestamp& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Timestamp* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Timestamp";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit Timestamp(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kSecondsFieldNumber = 1,
+    kNanosFieldNumber = 2,
+  };
+  // int64 seconds = 1;
+  void clear_seconds();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 seconds() const;
+  void set_seconds(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 _internal_seconds() const;
+  void _internal_set_seconds(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value);
+  public:
+
+  // int32 nanos = 2;
+  void clear_nanos();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 nanos() const;
+  void set_nanos(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_nanos() const;
+  void _internal_set_nanos(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 seconds_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 nanos_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// Timestamp
+
+// int64 seconds = 1;
+inline void Timestamp::clear_seconds() {
+  seconds_ = PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(0);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 Timestamp::_internal_seconds() const {
+  return seconds_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 Timestamp::seconds() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Timestamp.seconds)
+  return _internal_seconds();
+}
+inline void Timestamp::_internal_set_seconds(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value) {
+  
+  seconds_ = value;
+}
+inline void Timestamp::set_seconds(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value) {
+  _internal_set_seconds(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Timestamp.seconds)
+}
+
+// int32 nanos = 2;
+inline void Timestamp::clear_nanos() {
+  nanos_ = 0;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Timestamp::_internal_nanos() const {
+  return nanos_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Timestamp::nanos() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Timestamp.nanos)
+  return _internal_nanos();
+}
+inline void Timestamp::_internal_set_nanos(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  
+  nanos_ = value;
+}
+inline void Timestamp::set_nanos(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_nanos(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Timestamp.nanos)
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd357864a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option go_package = "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/timestamp";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "TimestampProto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+// A Timestamp represents a point in time independent of any time zone or local
+// calendar, encoded as a count of seconds and fractions of seconds at
+// nanosecond resolution. The count is relative to an epoch at UTC midnight on
+// January 1, 1970, in the proleptic Gregorian calendar which extends the
+// Gregorian calendar backwards to year one.
+//
+// All minutes are 60 seconds long. Leap seconds are "smeared" so that no leap
+// second table is needed for interpretation, using a [24-hour linear
+// smear](https://developers.google.com/time/smear).
+//
+// The range is from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z. By
+// restricting to that range, we ensure that we can convert to and from [RFC
+// 3339](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt) date strings.
+//
+// # Examples
+//
+// Example 1: Compute Timestamp from POSIX `time()`.
+//
+//     Timestamp timestamp;
+//     timestamp.set_seconds(time(NULL));
+//     timestamp.set_nanos(0);
+//
+// Example 2: Compute Timestamp from POSIX `gettimeofday()`.
+//
+//     struct timeval tv;
+//     gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+//
+//     Timestamp timestamp;
+//     timestamp.set_seconds(tv.tv_sec);
+//     timestamp.set_nanos(tv.tv_usec * 1000);
+//
+// Example 3: Compute Timestamp from Win32 `GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()`.
+//
+//     FILETIME ft;
+//     GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);
+//     UINT64 ticks = (((UINT64)ft.dwHighDateTime) << 32) | ft.dwLowDateTime;
+//
+//     // A Windows tick is 100 nanoseconds. Windows epoch 1601-01-01T00:00:00Z
+//     // is 11644473600 seconds before Unix epoch 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
+//     Timestamp timestamp;
+//     timestamp.set_seconds((INT64) ((ticks / 10000000) - 11644473600LL));
+//     timestamp.set_nanos((INT32) ((ticks % 10000000) * 100));
+//
+// Example 4: Compute Timestamp from Java `System.currentTimeMillis()`.
+//
+//     long millis = System.currentTimeMillis();
+//
+//     Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(millis / 1000)
+//         .setNanos((int) ((millis % 1000) * 1000000)).build();
+//
+//
+// Example 5: Compute Timestamp from current time in Python.
+//
+//     timestamp = Timestamp()
+//     timestamp.GetCurrentTime()
+//
+// # JSON Mapping
+//
+// In JSON format, the Timestamp type is encoded as a string in the
+// [RFC 3339](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt) format. That is, the
+// format is "{year}-{month}-{day}T{hour}:{min}:{sec}[.{frac_sec}]Z"
+// where {year} is always expressed using four digits while {month}, {day},
+// {hour}, {min}, and {sec} are zero-padded to two digits each. The fractional
+// seconds, which can go up to 9 digits (i.e. up to 1 nanosecond resolution),
+// are optional. The "Z" suffix indicates the timezone ("UTC"); the timezone
+// is required. A proto3 JSON serializer should always use UTC (as indicated by
+// "Z") when printing the Timestamp type and a proto3 JSON parser should be
+// able to accept both UTC and other timezones (as indicated by an offset).
+//
+// For example, "2017-01-15T01:30:15.01Z" encodes 15.01 seconds past
+// 01:30 UTC on January 15, 2017.
+//
+// In JavaScript, one can convert a Date object to this format using the
+// standard
+// [toISOString()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date/toISOString)
+// method. In Python, a standard `datetime.datetime` object can be converted
+// to this format using
+// [`strftime`](https://docs.python.org/2/library/time.html#time.strftime) with
+// the time format spec '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ'. Likewise, in Java, one can use
+// the Joda Time's [`ISODateTimeFormat.dateTime()`](
+// http://www.joda.org/joda-time/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/ISODateTimeFormat.html#dateTime%2D%2D
+// ) to obtain a formatter capable of generating timestamps in this format.
+//
+//
+message Timestamp {
+  // Represents seconds of UTC time since Unix epoch
+  // 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to
+  // 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z inclusive.
+  int64 seconds = 1;
+
+  // Non-negative fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution. Negative
+  // second values with fractions must still have non-negative nanos values
+  // that count forward in time. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999
+  // inclusive.
+  int32 nanos = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0db802ccc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2196 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_Any_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_EnumValue_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_Field_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_Option_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto;
+extern PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_SourceContext_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class TypeDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Type> _instance;
+} _Type_default_instance_;
+class FieldDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Field> _instance;
+} _Field_default_instance_;
+class EnumDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Enum> _instance;
+} _Enum_default_instance_;
+class EnumValueDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumValue> _instance;
+} _EnumValue_default_instance_;
+class OptionDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Option> _instance;
+} _Option_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_Enum_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Enum_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Enum();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Enum::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<3> scc_info_Enum_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 3, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_Enum_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_EnumValue_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_Option_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_SourceContext_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_EnumValue_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_EnumValue_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_EnumValue_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_EnumValue_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_Option_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_Field_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Field_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_Field_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_Field_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_Option_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_Option_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Option_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<1> scc_info_Option_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 1, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_Option_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_Any_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_Type_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Type_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<3> scc_info_Type_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 3, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_Type_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto}, {
+      &scc_info_Field_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_Option_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base,
+      &scc_info_SourceContext_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto.base,}};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto[5];
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto[3];
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor const** file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto = nullptr;
+
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto::offsets[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type, name_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type, fields_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type, oneofs_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type, options_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type, source_context_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type, syntax_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field, kind_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field, cardinality_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field, number_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field, name_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field, type_url_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field, oneof_index_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field, packed_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field, options_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field, json_name_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field, default_value_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Enum, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Enum, name_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Enum, enumvalue_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Enum, options_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Enum, source_context_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Enum, syntax_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue, name_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue, number_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue, options_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option, name_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option, value_),
+};
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MigrationSchema schemas[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  { 0, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type)},
+  { 11, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field)},
+  { 26, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Enum)},
+  { 36, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue)},
+  { 44, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option)},
+};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message const * const file_default_instances[] = {
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Type_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Field_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Enum_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_EnumValue_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Option_default_instance_),
+};
+
+const char descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
+  "\n\032google/protobuf/type.proto\022\017google.pro"
+  "tobuf\032\031google/protobuf/any.proto\032$google"
+  "/protobuf/source_context.proto\"\327\001\n\004Type\022"
+  "\014\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022&\n\006fields\030\002 \003(\0132\026.google.p"
+  "rotobuf.Field\022\016\n\006oneofs\030\003 \003(\t\022(\n\007options"
+  "\030\004 \003(\0132\027.google.protobuf.Option\0226\n\016sourc"
+  "e_context\030\005 \001(\0132\036.google.protobuf.Source"
+  "Context\022\'\n\006syntax\030\006 \001(\0162\027.google.protobu"
+  "f.Syntax\"\325\005\n\005Field\022)\n\004kind\030\001 \001(\0162\033.googl"
+  "e.protobuf.Field.Kind\0227\n\013cardinality\030\002 \001"
+  "(\0162\".google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality\022\016"
+  "\n\006number\030\003 \001(\005\022\014\n\004name\030\004 \001(\t\022\020\n\010type_url"
+  "\030\006 \001(\t\022\023\n\013oneof_index\030\007 \001(\005\022\016\n\006packed\030\010 "
+  "\001(\010\022(\n\007options\030\t \003(\0132\027.google.protobuf.O"
+  "ption\022\021\n\tjson_name\030\n \001(\t\022\025\n\rdefault_valu"
+  "e\030\013 \001(\t\"\310\002\n\004Kind\022\020\n\014TYPE_UNKNOWN\020\000\022\017\n\013TY"
+  "PE_DOUBLE\020\001\022\016\n\nTYPE_FLOAT\020\002\022\016\n\nTYPE_INT6"
+  "4\020\003\022\017\n\013TYPE_UINT64\020\004\022\016\n\nTYPE_INT32\020\005\022\020\n\014"
+  "TYPE_FIXED64\020\006\022\020\n\014TYPE_FIXED32\020\007\022\r\n\tTYPE"
+  "_BOOL\020\010\022\017\n\013TYPE_STRING\020\t\022\016\n\nTYPE_GROUP\020\n"
+  "\022\020\n\014TYPE_MESSAGE\020\013\022\016\n\nTYPE_BYTES\020\014\022\017\n\013TY"
+  "PE_UINT32\020\r\022\r\n\tTYPE_ENUM\020\016\022\021\n\rTYPE_SFIXE"
+  "D32\020\017\022\021\n\rTYPE_SFIXED64\020\020\022\017\n\013TYPE_SINT32\020"
+  "\021\022\017\n\013TYPE_SINT64\020\022\"t\n\013Cardinality\022\027\n\023CAR"
+  "DINALITY_UNKNOWN\020\000\022\030\n\024CARDINALITY_OPTION"
+  "AL\020\001\022\030\n\024CARDINALITY_REQUIRED\020\002\022\030\n\024CARDIN"
+  "ALITY_REPEATED\020\003\"\316\001\n\004Enum\022\014\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022"
+  "-\n\tenumvalue\030\002 \003(\0132\032.google.protobuf.Enu"
+  "mValue\022(\n\007options\030\003 \003(\0132\027.google.protobu"
+  "f.Option\0226\n\016source_context\030\004 \001(\0132\036.googl"
+  "e.protobuf.SourceContext\022\'\n\006syntax\030\005 \001(\016"
+  "2\027.google.protobuf.Syntax\"S\n\tEnumValue\022\014"
+  "\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022\016\n\006number\030\002 \001(\005\022(\n\007options\030"
+  "\003 \003(\0132\027.google.protobuf.Option\";\n\006Option"
+  "\022\014\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022#\n\005value\030\002 \001(\0132\024.google.p"
+  "rotobuf.Any*.\n\006Syntax\022\021\n\rSYNTAX_PROTO2\020\000"
+  "\022\021\n\rSYNTAX_PROTO3\020\001B}\n\023com.google.protob"
+  "ufB\tTypeProtoP\001Z/google.golang.org/genpr"
+  "oto/protobuf/ptype;ptype\370\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Goog"
+  "le.Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3"
+  ;
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_deps[2] = {
+  &::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto,
+  &::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_sccs[5] = {
+  &scc_info_Enum_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_EnumValue_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_Field_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_Option_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_Type_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_once;
+static bool descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_initialized = false;
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto = {
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_initialized, descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto, "google/protobuf/type.proto", 1594,
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_once, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_sccs, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_deps, 5, 2,
+  schemas, file_default_instances, TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto::offsets,
+  file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto, 5, file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto, file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto,
+};
+
+// Force running AddDescriptors() at dynamic initialization time.
+static bool dynamic_init_dummy_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto = (  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AddDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto), true);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* Field_Kind_descriptor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto);
+  return file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto[0];
+}
+bool Field_Kind_IsValid(int value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 0:
+    case 1:
+    case 2:
+    case 3:
+    case 4:
+    case 5:
+    case 6:
+    case 7:
+    case 8:
+    case 9:
+    case 10:
+    case 11:
+    case 12:
+    case 13:
+    case 14:
+    case 15:
+    case 16:
+    case 17:
+    case 18:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+#if (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_DOUBLE;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_FLOAT;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_INT64;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_UINT64;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_INT32;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_FIXED64;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_FIXED32;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_BOOL;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_STRING;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_GROUP;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_MESSAGE;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_BYTES;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_UINT32;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_ENUM;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_SFIXED32;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_SFIXED64;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_SINT32;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::TYPE_SINT64;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::Kind_MIN;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field::Kind_MAX;
+constexpr int Field::Kind_ARRAYSIZE;
+#endif  // (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* Field_Cardinality_descriptor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto);
+  return file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto[1];
+}
+bool Field_Cardinality_IsValid(int value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 0:
+    case 1:
+    case 2:
+    case 3:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+#if (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+constexpr Field_Cardinality Field::CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN;
+constexpr Field_Cardinality Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL;
+constexpr Field_Cardinality Field::CARDINALITY_REQUIRED;
+constexpr Field_Cardinality Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED;
+constexpr Field_Cardinality Field::Cardinality_MIN;
+constexpr Field_Cardinality Field::Cardinality_MAX;
+constexpr int Field::Cardinality_ARRAYSIZE;
+#endif  // (__cplusplus < 201703) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900)
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* Syntax_descriptor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto);
+  return file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto[2];
+}
+bool Syntax_IsValid(int value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case 0:
+    case 1:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Type::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Type_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->source_context_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class Type::_Internal {
+ public:
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& source_context(const Type* msg);
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext&
+Type::_Internal::source_context(const Type* msg) {
+  return *msg->source_context_;
+}
+void Type::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_source_context(
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+  source_context_ = source_context;
+  if (source_context) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
+}
+void Type::clear_source_context() {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr && source_context_ != nullptr) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+  source_context_ = nullptr;
+}
+Type::Type()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Type)
+}
+Type::Type(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  fields_(arena),
+  oneofs_(arena),
+  options_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Type)
+}
+Type::Type(const Type& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      fields_(from.fields_),
+      oneofs_(from.oneofs_),
+      options_(from.options_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_name().empty()) {
+    name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  if (from._internal_has_source_context()) {
+    source_context_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext(*from.source_context_);
+  } else {
+    source_context_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  syntax_ = from.syntax_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Type)
+}
+
+void Type::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_Type_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&source_context_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&syntax_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&source_context_)) + sizeof(syntax_));
+}
+
+Type::~Type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Type)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Type::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete source_context_;
+}
+
+void Type::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Type* _this = reinterpret_cast< Type* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Type::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void Type::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Type& Type::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_Type_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Type::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Type)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  fields_.Clear();
+  oneofs_.Clear();
+  options_.Clear();
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr && source_context_ != nullptr) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+  source_context_ = nullptr;
+  syntax_ = 0;
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Type::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Type.name"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_fields(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<18>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated string oneofs = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            auto str = _internal_add_oneofs();
+            ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+            CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Type.oneofs"));
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<26>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 34)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_options(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<34>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+      case 5:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 42)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_source_context(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 6;
+      case 6:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 48)) {
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 val = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+          _internal_set_syntax(static_cast<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax>(val));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Type::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Type)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Type.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_fields_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(2, this->_internal_fields(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated string oneofs = 3;
+  for (int i = 0, n = this->_internal_oneofs_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    const auto& s = this->_internal_oneofs(i);
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      s.data(), static_cast<int>(s.length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Type.oneofs");
+    target = stream->WriteString(3, s, target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_options_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(4, this->_internal_options(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        5, _Internal::source_context(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 6;
+  if (this->syntax() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      6, this->_internal_syntax(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Type)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Type::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Type)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_fields_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->fields_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated string oneofs = 3;
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FromIntSize(oneofs_.size());
+  for (int i = 0, n = oneofs_.size(); i < n; i++) {
+    total_size += ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+      oneofs_.Get(i));
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_options_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->options_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_name());
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+        *source_context_);
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 6;
+  if (this->syntax() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->_internal_syntax());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Type::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Type)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Type* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Type>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Type)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Type)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Type::MergeFrom(const Type& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Type)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  fields_.MergeFrom(from.fields_);
+  oneofs_.MergeFrom(from.oneofs_);
+  options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+    _internal_set_name(from._internal_name());
+  }
+  if (from.has_source_context()) {
+    _internal_mutable_source_context()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext::MergeFrom(from._internal_source_context());
+  }
+  if (from.syntax() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_syntax(from._internal_syntax());
+  }
+}
+
+void Type::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Type)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Type::CopyFrom(const Type& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Type)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Type::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Type::InternalSwap(Type* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  fields_.InternalSwap(&other->fields_);
+  oneofs_.InternalSwap(&other->oneofs_);
+  options_.InternalSwap(&other->options_);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(source_context_, other->source_context_);
+  swap(syntax_, other->syntax_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Type::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Field::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class Field::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+Field::Field()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Field)
+}
+Field::Field(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  options_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Field)
+}
+Field::Field(const Field& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      options_(from.options_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_name().empty()) {
+    name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_type_url().empty()) {
+    type_url_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_type_url(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  json_name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_json_name().empty()) {
+    json_name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_json_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  default_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_default_value().empty()) {
+    default_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_default_value(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  ::memcpy(&kind_, &from.kind_,
+    static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&packed_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&kind_)) + sizeof(packed_));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Field)
+}
+
+void Field::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_Field_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  json_name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  default_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&kind_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&packed_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&kind_)) + sizeof(packed_));
+}
+
+Field::~Field() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Field)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Field::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  type_url_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  json_name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  default_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void Field::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Field* _this = reinterpret_cast< Field* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Field::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void Field::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Field& Field::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_Field_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Field::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Field)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  options_.Clear();
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  type_url_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  json_name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  default_value_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  ::memset(&kind_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&packed_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&kind_)) + sizeof(packed_));
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Field::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // .google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 val = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+          _internal_set_kind(static_cast<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Kind>(val));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // .google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 val = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+          _internal_set_cardinality(static_cast<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Cardinality>(val));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // int32 number = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 24)) {
+          number_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // string name = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 34)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Field.name"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // string type_url = 6;
+      case 6:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 50)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_type_url();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Field.type_url"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // int32 oneof_index = 7;
+      case 7:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 56)) {
+          oneof_index_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // bool packed = 8;
+      case 8:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 64)) {
+          packed_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;
+      case 9:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 74)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_options(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<74>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // string json_name = 10;
+      case 10:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 82)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_json_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Field.json_name"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // string default_value = 11;
+      case 11:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 90)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_default_value();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Field.default_value"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Field::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Field)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;
+  if (this->kind() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      1, this->_internal_kind(), target);
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;
+  if (this->cardinality() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      2, this->_internal_cardinality(), target);
+  }
+
+  // int32 number = 3;
+  if (this->number() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(3, this->_internal_number(), target);
+  }
+
+  // string name = 4;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Field.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        4, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // string type_url = 6;
+  if (this->type_url().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_type_url().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_type_url().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Field.type_url");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        6, this->_internal_type_url(), target);
+  }
+
+  // int32 oneof_index = 7;
+  if (this->oneof_index() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(7, this->_internal_oneof_index(), target);
+  }
+
+  // bool packed = 8;
+  if (this->packed() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(8, this->_internal_packed(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_options_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(9, this->_internal_options(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // string json_name = 10;
+  if (this->json_name().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_json_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_json_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Field.json_name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        10, this->_internal_json_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // string default_value = 11;
+  if (this->default_value().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_default_value().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_default_value().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Field.default_value");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        11, this->_internal_default_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Field)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Field::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Field)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_options_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->options_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // string name = 4;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_name());
+  }
+
+  // string type_url = 6;
+  if (this->type_url().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_type_url());
+  }
+
+  // string json_name = 10;
+  if (this->json_name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_json_name());
+  }
+
+  // string default_value = 11;
+  if (this->default_value().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_default_value());
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;
+  if (this->kind() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->_internal_kind());
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;
+  if (this->cardinality() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->_internal_cardinality());
+  }
+
+  // int32 number = 3;
+  if (this->number() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+        this->_internal_number());
+  }
+
+  // int32 oneof_index = 7;
+  if (this->oneof_index() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+        this->_internal_oneof_index());
+  }
+
+  // bool packed = 8;
+  if (this->packed() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 + 1;
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Field::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Field)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Field* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Field>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Field)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Field)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Field::MergeFrom(const Field& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Field)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+    _internal_set_name(from._internal_name());
+  }
+  if (from.type_url().size() > 0) {
+    _internal_set_type_url(from._internal_type_url());
+  }
+  if (from.json_name().size() > 0) {
+    _internal_set_json_name(from._internal_json_name());
+  }
+  if (from.default_value().size() > 0) {
+    _internal_set_default_value(from._internal_default_value());
+  }
+  if (from.kind() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_kind(from._internal_kind());
+  }
+  if (from.cardinality() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_cardinality(from._internal_cardinality());
+  }
+  if (from.number() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_number(from._internal_number());
+  }
+  if (from.oneof_index() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_oneof_index(from._internal_oneof_index());
+  }
+  if (from.packed() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_packed(from._internal_packed());
+  }
+}
+
+void Field::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Field)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Field::CopyFrom(const Field& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Field)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Field::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Field::InternalSwap(Field* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  options_.InternalSwap(&other->options_);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  type_url_.Swap(&other->type_url_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  json_name_.Swap(&other->json_name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  default_value_.Swap(&other->default_value_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(kind_, other->kind_);
+  swap(cardinality_, other->cardinality_);
+  swap(number_, other->number_);
+  swap(oneof_index_, other->oneof_index_);
+  swap(packed_, other->packed_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Field::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Enum::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Enum_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->source_context_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class Enum::_Internal {
+ public:
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& source_context(const Enum* msg);
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext&
+Enum::_Internal::source_context(const Enum* msg) {
+  return *msg->source_context_;
+}
+void Enum::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_source_context(
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+  source_context_ = source_context;
+  if (source_context) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
+}
+void Enum::clear_source_context() {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr && source_context_ != nullptr) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+  source_context_ = nullptr;
+}
+Enum::Enum()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Enum)
+}
+Enum::Enum(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  enumvalue_(arena),
+  options_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Enum)
+}
+Enum::Enum(const Enum& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      enumvalue_(from.enumvalue_),
+      options_(from.options_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_name().empty()) {
+    name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  if (from._internal_has_source_context()) {
+    source_context_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext(*from.source_context_);
+  } else {
+    source_context_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  syntax_ = from.syntax_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Enum)
+}
+
+void Enum::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_Enum_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&source_context_, 0, static_cast<size_t>(
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&syntax_) -
+      reinterpret_cast<char*>(&source_context_)) + sizeof(syntax_));
+}
+
+Enum::~Enum() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Enum::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete source_context_;
+}
+
+void Enum::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Enum* _this = reinterpret_cast< Enum* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Enum::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void Enum::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Enum& Enum::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_Enum_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Enum::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  enumvalue_.Clear();
+  options_.Clear();
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr && source_context_ != nullptr) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+  source_context_ = nullptr;
+  syntax_ = 0;
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Enum::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Enum.name"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_enumvalue(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<18>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_options(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<26>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;
+      case 4:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 34)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_source_context(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 5;
+      case 5:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 40)) {
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 val = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+          _internal_set_syntax(static_cast<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax>(val));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Enum::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Enum.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_enumvalue_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(2, this->_internal_enumvalue(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_options_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(3, this->_internal_options(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        4, _Internal::source_context(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 5;
+  if (this->syntax() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      5, this->_internal_syntax(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Enum::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_enumvalue_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->enumvalue_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_options_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->options_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_name());
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+        *source_context_);
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 5;
+  if (this->syntax() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->_internal_syntax());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Enum::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Enum* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Enum>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Enum)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Enum)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Enum::MergeFrom(const Enum& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  enumvalue_.MergeFrom(from.enumvalue_);
+  options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+    _internal_set_name(from._internal_name());
+  }
+  if (from.has_source_context()) {
+    _internal_mutable_source_context()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext::MergeFrom(from._internal_source_context());
+  }
+  if (from.syntax() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_syntax(from._internal_syntax());
+  }
+}
+
+void Enum::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Enum::CopyFrom(const Enum& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Enum::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Enum::InternalSwap(Enum* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  enumvalue_.InternalSwap(&other->enumvalue_);
+  options_.InternalSwap(&other->options_);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(source_context_, other->source_context_);
+  swap(syntax_, other->syntax_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Enum::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void EnumValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class EnumValue::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+EnumValue::EnumValue()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+}
+EnumValue::EnumValue(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  options_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+}
+EnumValue::EnumValue(const EnumValue& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      options_(from.options_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_name().empty()) {
+    name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  number_ = from.number_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+}
+
+void EnumValue::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_EnumValue_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  number_ = 0;
+}
+
+EnumValue::~EnumValue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void EnumValue::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void EnumValue::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  EnumValue* _this = reinterpret_cast< EnumValue* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void EnumValue::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void EnumValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const EnumValue& EnumValue::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_EnumValue_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void EnumValue::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  options_.Clear();
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  number_ = 0;
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* EnumValue::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.EnumValue.name"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // int32 number = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          number_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          ptr -= 1;
+          do {
+            ptr += 1;
+            ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_add_options(), ptr);
+            CHK_(ptr);
+            if (!ctx->DataAvailable(ptr)) break;
+          } while (::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExpectTag<26>(ptr));
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* EnumValue::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.EnumValue.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // int32 number = 2;
+  if (this->number() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(2, this->_internal_number(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0,
+      n = static_cast<unsigned int>(this->_internal_options_size()); i < n; i++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(3, this->_internal_options(i), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t EnumValue::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  total_size += 1UL * this->_internal_options_size();
+  for (const auto& msg : this->options_) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(msg);
+  }
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_name());
+  }
+
+  // int32 number = 2;
+  if (this->number() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+        this->_internal_number());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void EnumValue::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const EnumValue* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<EnumValue>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumValue::MergeFrom(const EnumValue& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+    _internal_set_name(from._internal_name());
+  }
+  if (from.number() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_number(from._internal_number());
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumValue::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void EnumValue::CopyFrom(const EnumValue& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool EnumValue::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void EnumValue::InternalSwap(EnumValue* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  options_.InternalSwap(&other->options_);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(number_, other->number_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata EnumValue::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Option::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Option_default_instance_._instance.get_mutable()->value_ = const_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any*>(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any::internal_default_instance());
+}
+class Option::_Internal {
+ public:
+  static const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any& value(const Option* msg);
+};
+
+const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any&
+Option::_Internal::value(const Option* msg) {
+  return *msg->value_;
+}
+void Option::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_value(
+    PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* value) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr) {
+    delete value_;
+  }
+  value_ = value;
+  if (value) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Option.value)
+}
+void Option::clear_value() {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr && value_ != nullptr) {
+    delete value_;
+  }
+  value_ = nullptr;
+}
+Option::Option()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Option)
+}
+Option::Option(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Option)
+}
+Option::Option(const Option& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_name().empty()) {
+    name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_name(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  if (from._internal_has_value()) {
+    value_ = new PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any(*from.value_);
+  } else {
+    value_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Option)
+}
+
+void Option::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_Option_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  value_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+Option::~Option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Option)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Option::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) delete value_;
+}
+
+void Option::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Option* _this = reinterpret_cast< Option* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Option::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void Option::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Option& Option::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_Option_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Option::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Option)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr && value_ != nullptr) {
+    delete value_;
+  }
+  value_ = nullptr;
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Option::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.Option.name"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 18)) {
+          ptr = ctx->ParseMessage(_internal_mutable_value(), ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Option::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Option)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Option.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
+  if (this->has_value()) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      InternalWriteMessage(
+        2, _Internal::value(this), target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Option)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Option::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Option)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_name());
+  }
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
+  if (this->has_value()) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSize(
+        *value_);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Option::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Option)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Option* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Option>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Option)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Option)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Option::MergeFrom(const Option& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Option)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+    _internal_set_name(from._internal_name());
+  }
+  if (from.has_value()) {
+    _internal_mutable_value()->PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any::MergeFrom(from._internal_value());
+  }
+}
+
+void Option::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Option)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Option::CopyFrom(const Option& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Option)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Option::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Option::InternalSwap(Option* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(value_, other->value_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Option::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Enum* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Enum >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Enum >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >(arena);
+}
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8756c93e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2861 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3011000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3011004 < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/any.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace internal {
+class AnyMetadata;
+}  // namespace internal
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto {
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTableField entries[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTable schema[5]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 offsets[];
+};
+extern PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class Enum;
+class EnumDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern EnumDefaultTypeInternal _Enum_default_instance_;
+class EnumValue;
+class EnumValueDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern EnumValueDefaultTypeInternal _EnumValue_default_instance_;
+class Field;
+class FieldDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern FieldDefaultTypeInternal _Field_default_instance_;
+class Option;
+class OptionDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern OptionDefaultTypeInternal _Option_default_instance_;
+class Type;
+class TypeDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern TypeDefaultTypeInternal _Type_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Enum* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Enum>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Type>(Arena*);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+enum Field_Kind : int {
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_DOUBLE = 1,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_FLOAT = 2,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_INT64 = 3,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT64 = 4,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_INT32 = 5,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED64 = 6,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED32 = 7,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_BOOL = 8,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_STRING = 9,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_GROUP = 10,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_MESSAGE = 11,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_BYTES = 12,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT32 = 13,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_ENUM = 14,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT32 = 17,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT64 = 18,
+  Field_Kind_Field_Kind_INT_MIN_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = std::numeric_limits<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32>::min(),
+  Field_Kind_Field_Kind_INT_MAX_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = std::numeric_limits<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32>::max()
+};
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool Field_Kind_IsValid(int value);
+constexpr Field_Kind Field_Kind_Kind_MIN = Field_Kind_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+constexpr Field_Kind Field_Kind_Kind_MAX = Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT64;
+constexpr int Field_Kind_Kind_ARRAYSIZE = Field_Kind_Kind_MAX + 1;
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* Field_Kind_descriptor();
+template<typename T>
+inline const std::string& Field_Kind_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+  static_assert(::std::is_same<T, Field_Kind>::value ||
+    ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+    "Incorrect type passed to function Field_Kind_Name.");
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::NameOfEnum(
+    Field_Kind_descriptor(), enum_t_value);
+}
+inline bool Field_Kind_Parse(
+    const std::string& name, Field_Kind* value) {
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseNamedEnum<Field_Kind>(
+    Field_Kind_descriptor(), name, value);
+}
+enum Field_Cardinality : int {
+  Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN = 0,
+  Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL = 1,
+  Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REQUIRED = 2,
+  Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED = 3,
+  Field_Cardinality_Field_Cardinality_INT_MIN_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = std::numeric_limits<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32>::min(),
+  Field_Cardinality_Field_Cardinality_INT_MAX_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = std::numeric_limits<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32>::max()
+};
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool Field_Cardinality_IsValid(int value);
+constexpr Field_Cardinality Field_Cardinality_Cardinality_MIN = Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN;
+constexpr Field_Cardinality Field_Cardinality_Cardinality_MAX = Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED;
+constexpr int Field_Cardinality_Cardinality_ARRAYSIZE = Field_Cardinality_Cardinality_MAX + 1;
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* Field_Cardinality_descriptor();
+template<typename T>
+inline const std::string& Field_Cardinality_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+  static_assert(::std::is_same<T, Field_Cardinality>::value ||
+    ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+    "Incorrect type passed to function Field_Cardinality_Name.");
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::NameOfEnum(
+    Field_Cardinality_descriptor(), enum_t_value);
+}
+inline bool Field_Cardinality_Parse(
+    const std::string& name, Field_Cardinality* value) {
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseNamedEnum<Field_Cardinality>(
+    Field_Cardinality_descriptor(), name, value);
+}
+enum Syntax : int {
+  SYNTAX_PROTO2 = 0,
+  SYNTAX_PROTO3 = 1,
+  Syntax_INT_MIN_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = std::numeric_limits<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32>::min(),
+  Syntax_INT_MAX_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = std::numeric_limits<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32>::max()
+};
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool Syntax_IsValid(int value);
+constexpr Syntax Syntax_MIN = SYNTAX_PROTO2;
+constexpr Syntax Syntax_MAX = SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+constexpr int Syntax_ARRAYSIZE = Syntax_MAX + 1;
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor* Syntax_descriptor();
+template<typename T>
+inline const std::string& Syntax_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+  static_assert(::std::is_same<T, Syntax>::value ||
+    ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+    "Incorrect type passed to function Syntax_Name.");
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::NameOfEnum(
+    Syntax_descriptor(), enum_t_value);
+}
+inline bool Syntax_Parse(
+    const std::string& name, Syntax* value) {
+  return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseNamedEnum<Syntax>(
+    Syntax_descriptor(), name, value);
+}
+// ===================================================================
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Type :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Type) */ {
+ public:
+  Type();
+  virtual ~Type();
+
+  Type(const Type& from);
+  Type(Type&& from) noexcept
+    : Type() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Type& operator=(const Type& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Type& operator=(Type&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Type& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Type* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Type*>(
+               &_Type_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    0;
+
+  friend void swap(Type& a, Type& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Type* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Type* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Type* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Type>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Type* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Type>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Type& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Type& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Type* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Type";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit Type(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kFieldsFieldNumber = 2,
+    kOneofsFieldNumber = 3,
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 4,
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kSourceContextFieldNumber = 5,
+    kSyntaxFieldNumber = 6,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
+  int fields_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_fields_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_fields();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field* mutable_fields(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field >*
+      mutable_fields();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field& _internal_fields(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field* _internal_add_fields();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field& fields(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field* add_fields();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field >&
+      fields() const;
+
+  // repeated string oneofs = 3;
+  int oneofs_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_oneofs_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_oneofs();
+  const std::string& oneofs(int index) const;
+  std::string* mutable_oneofs(int index);
+  void set_oneofs(int index, const std::string& value);
+  void set_oneofs(int index, std::string&& value);
+  void set_oneofs(int index, const char* value);
+  void set_oneofs(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* add_oneofs();
+  void add_oneofs(const std::string& value);
+  void add_oneofs(std::string&& value);
+  void add_oneofs(const char* value);
+  void add_oneofs(const char* value, size_t size);
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& oneofs() const;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* mutable_oneofs();
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_oneofs(int index) const;
+  std::string* _internal_add_oneofs();
+  public:
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;
+  int options_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_options_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* mutable_options(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >*
+      mutable_options();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& _internal_options(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* _internal_add_options();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& options(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* add_options();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >&
+      options() const;
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  bool has_source_context() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_source_context() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_source_context();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& source_context() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* release_source_context();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* mutable_source_context();
+  void set_allocated_source_context(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* source_context);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& _internal_source_context() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* _internal_mutable_source_context();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_source_context(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* source_context);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* unsafe_arena_release_source_context();
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 6;
+  void clear_syntax();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax syntax() const;
+  void set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value);
+  private:
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax _internal_syntax() const;
+  void _internal_set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Type)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field > fields_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string> oneofs_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option > options_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* source_context_;
+  int syntax_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Field :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Field) */ {
+ public:
+  Field();
+  virtual ~Field();
+
+  Field(const Field& from);
+  Field(Field&& from) noexcept
+    : Field() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Field& operator=(const Field& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Field& operator=(Field&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Field& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Field* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Field*>(
+               &_Field_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    1;
+
+  friend void swap(Field& a, Field& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Field* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Field* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Field* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Field>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Field* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Field>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Field& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Field& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Field* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Field";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit Field(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  typedef Field_Kind Kind;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_UNKNOWN =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_DOUBLE =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_DOUBLE;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_FLOAT =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_FLOAT;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_INT64 =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_INT64;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_UINT64 =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT64;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_INT32 =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_INT32;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_FIXED64 =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED64;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_FIXED32 =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED32;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_BOOL =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_BOOL;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_STRING =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_STRING;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_GROUP =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_GROUP;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_MESSAGE =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_MESSAGE;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_BYTES =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_BYTES;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_UINT32 =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT32;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_ENUM =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_ENUM;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_SFIXED32 =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED32;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_SFIXED64 =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED64;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_SINT32 =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT32;
+  static constexpr Kind TYPE_SINT64 =
+    Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT64;
+  static inline bool Kind_IsValid(int value) {
+    return Field_Kind_IsValid(value);
+  }
+  static constexpr Kind Kind_MIN =
+    Field_Kind_Kind_MIN;
+  static constexpr Kind Kind_MAX =
+    Field_Kind_Kind_MAX;
+  static constexpr int Kind_ARRAYSIZE =
+    Field_Kind_Kind_ARRAYSIZE;
+  static inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor*
+  Kind_descriptor() {
+    return Field_Kind_descriptor();
+  }
+  template<typename T>
+  static inline const std::string& Kind_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+    static_assert(::std::is_same<T, Kind>::value ||
+      ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+      "Incorrect type passed to function Kind_Name.");
+    return Field_Kind_Name(enum_t_value);
+  }
+  static inline bool Kind_Parse(const std::string& name,
+      Kind* value) {
+    return Field_Kind_Parse(name, value);
+  }
+
+  typedef Field_Cardinality Cardinality;
+  static constexpr Cardinality CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN =
+    Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN;
+  static constexpr Cardinality CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL =
+    Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL;
+  static constexpr Cardinality CARDINALITY_REQUIRED =
+    Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REQUIRED;
+  static constexpr Cardinality CARDINALITY_REPEATED =
+    Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED;
+  static inline bool Cardinality_IsValid(int value) {
+    return Field_Cardinality_IsValid(value);
+  }
+  static constexpr Cardinality Cardinality_MIN =
+    Field_Cardinality_Cardinality_MIN;
+  static constexpr Cardinality Cardinality_MAX =
+    Field_Cardinality_Cardinality_MAX;
+  static constexpr int Cardinality_ARRAYSIZE =
+    Field_Cardinality_Cardinality_ARRAYSIZE;
+  static inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor*
+  Cardinality_descriptor() {
+    return Field_Cardinality_descriptor();
+  }
+  template<typename T>
+  static inline const std::string& Cardinality_Name(T enum_t_value) {
+    static_assert(::std::is_same<T, Cardinality>::value ||
+      ::std::is_integral<T>::value,
+      "Incorrect type passed to function Cardinality_Name.");
+    return Field_Cardinality_Name(enum_t_value);
+  }
+  static inline bool Cardinality_Parse(const std::string& name,
+      Cardinality* value) {
+    return Field_Cardinality_Parse(name, value);
+  }
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 9,
+    kNameFieldNumber = 4,
+    kTypeUrlFieldNumber = 6,
+    kJsonNameFieldNumber = 10,
+    kDefaultValueFieldNumber = 11,
+    kKindFieldNumber = 1,
+    kCardinalityFieldNumber = 2,
+    kNumberFieldNumber = 3,
+    kOneofIndexFieldNumber = 7,
+    kPackedFieldNumber = 8,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;
+  int options_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_options_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* mutable_options(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >*
+      mutable_options();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& _internal_options(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* _internal_add_options();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& options(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* add_options();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >&
+      options() const;
+
+  // string name = 4;
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // string type_url = 6;
+  void clear_type_url();
+  const std::string& type_url() const;
+  void set_type_url(const std::string& value);
+  void set_type_url(std::string&& value);
+  void set_type_url(const char* value);
+  void set_type_url(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_type_url();
+  std::string* release_type_url();
+  void set_allocated_type_url(std::string* type_url);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_type_url();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_type_url(
+      std::string* type_url);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_type_url() const;
+  void _internal_set_type_url(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_type_url();
+  public:
+
+  // string json_name = 10;
+  void clear_json_name();
+  const std::string& json_name() const;
+  void set_json_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_json_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_json_name(const char* value);
+  void set_json_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_json_name();
+  std::string* release_json_name();
+  void set_allocated_json_name(std::string* json_name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_json_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_json_name(
+      std::string* json_name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_json_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_json_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_json_name();
+  public:
+
+  // string default_value = 11;
+  void clear_default_value();
+  const std::string& default_value() const;
+  void set_default_value(const std::string& value);
+  void set_default_value(std::string&& value);
+  void set_default_value(const char* value);
+  void set_default_value(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_default_value();
+  std::string* release_default_value();
+  void set_allocated_default_value(std::string* default_value);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_default_value();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_default_value(
+      std::string* default_value);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_default_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_default_value(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_default_value();
+  public:
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;
+  void clear_kind();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Kind kind() const;
+  void set_kind(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Kind value);
+  private:
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Kind _internal_kind() const;
+  void _internal_set_kind(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Kind value);
+  public:
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;
+  void clear_cardinality();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Cardinality cardinality() const;
+  void set_cardinality(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Cardinality value);
+  private:
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Cardinality _internal_cardinality() const;
+  void _internal_set_cardinality(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Cardinality value);
+  public:
+
+  // int32 number = 3;
+  void clear_number();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 number() const;
+  void set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_number() const;
+  void _internal_set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // int32 oneof_index = 7;
+  void clear_oneof_index();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 oneof_index() const;
+  void set_oneof_index(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_oneof_index() const;
+  void _internal_set_oneof_index(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // bool packed = 8;
+  void clear_packed();
+  bool packed() const;
+  void set_packed(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_packed() const;
+  void _internal_set_packed(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Field)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option > options_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr type_url_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr json_name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr default_value_;
+  int kind_;
+  int cardinality_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 number_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 oneof_index_;
+  bool packed_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Enum :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Enum) */ {
+ public:
+  Enum();
+  virtual ~Enum();
+
+  Enum(const Enum& from);
+  Enum(Enum&& from) noexcept
+    : Enum() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Enum& operator=(const Enum& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Enum& operator=(Enum&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Enum& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Enum* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Enum*>(
+               &_Enum_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    2;
+
+  friend void swap(Enum& a, Enum& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Enum* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Enum* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Enum* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Enum>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Enum* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Enum>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Enum& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Enum& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Enum* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Enum";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit Enum(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kEnumvalueFieldNumber = 2,
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 3,
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kSourceContextFieldNumber = 4,
+    kSyntaxFieldNumber = 5,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
+  int enumvalue_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_enumvalue_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_enumvalue();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue* mutable_enumvalue(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue >*
+      mutable_enumvalue();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue& _internal_enumvalue(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue* _internal_add_enumvalue();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue& enumvalue(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue* add_enumvalue();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue >&
+      enumvalue() const;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  int options_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_options_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* mutable_options(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >*
+      mutable_options();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& _internal_options(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* _internal_add_options();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& options(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* add_options();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >&
+      options() const;
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;
+  bool has_source_context() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_source_context() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_source_context();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& source_context() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* release_source_context();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* mutable_source_context();
+  void set_allocated_source_context(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* source_context);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& _internal_source_context() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* _internal_mutable_source_context();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_source_context(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* source_context);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* unsafe_arena_release_source_context();
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 5;
+  void clear_syntax();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax syntax() const;
+  void set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value);
+  private:
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax _internal_syntax() const;
+  void _internal_set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Enum)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue > enumvalue_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option > options_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* source_context_;
+  int syntax_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValue :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.EnumValue) */ {
+ public:
+  EnumValue();
+  virtual ~EnumValue();
+
+  EnumValue(const EnumValue& from);
+  EnumValue(EnumValue&& from) noexcept
+    : EnumValue() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline EnumValue& operator=(const EnumValue& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline EnumValue& operator=(EnumValue&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const EnumValue& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const EnumValue* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const EnumValue*>(
+               &_EnumValue_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    3;
+
+  friend void swap(EnumValue& a, EnumValue& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(EnumValue* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(EnumValue* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline EnumValue* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<EnumValue>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  EnumValue* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<EnumValue>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const EnumValue& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const EnumValue& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(EnumValue* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.EnumValue";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit EnumValue(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kOptionsFieldNumber = 3,
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kNumberFieldNumber = 2,
+  };
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  int options_size() const;
+  private:
+  int _internal_options_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_options();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* mutable_options(int index);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >*
+      mutable_options();
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& _internal_options(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* _internal_add_options();
+  public:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& options(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* add_options();
+  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >&
+      options() const;
+
+  // string name = 1;
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // int32 number = 2;
+  void clear_number();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 number() const;
+  void set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_number() const;
+  void _internal_set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option > options_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 number_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Option :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Option) */ {
+ public:
+  Option();
+  virtual ~Option();
+
+  Option(const Option& from);
+  Option(Option&& from) noexcept
+    : Option() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Option& operator=(const Option& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Option& operator=(Option&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Option& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Option* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Option*>(
+               &_Option_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    4;
+
+  friend void swap(Option& a, Option& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Option* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Option* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Option* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Option>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Option* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Option>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Option& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Option& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Option* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Option";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit Option(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kValueFieldNumber = 2,
+  };
+  // string name = 1;
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
+  bool has_value() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_value();
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any& value() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* release_value();
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* mutable_value();
+  void set_allocated_value(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* value);
+  private:
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any& _internal_value() const;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* _internal_mutable_value();
+  public:
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_value(
+      PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* value);
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* unsafe_arena_release_value();
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Option)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* value_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// Type
+
+// string name = 1;
+inline void Type::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline const std::string& Type::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void Type::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Type::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& Type::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.Get();
+}
+inline void Type::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Type::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
+inline void Type::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
+inline void Type::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Type::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  
+  return name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* Type::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+  
+  return name_.Release(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Type::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Type::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Type::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
+inline int Type::_internal_fields_size() const {
+  return fields_.size();
+}
+inline int Type::fields_size() const {
+  return _internal_fields_size();
+}
+inline void Type::clear_fields() {
+  fields_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field* Type::mutable_fields(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return fields_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field >*
+Type::mutable_fields() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return &fields_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field& Type::_internal_fields(int index) const {
+  return fields_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field& Type::fields(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return _internal_fields(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field* Type::_internal_add_fields() {
+  return fields_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field* Type::add_fields() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return _internal_add_fields();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field >&
+Type::fields() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return fields_;
+}
+
+// repeated string oneofs = 3;
+inline int Type::_internal_oneofs_size() const {
+  return oneofs_.size();
+}
+inline int Type::oneofs_size() const {
+  return _internal_oneofs_size();
+}
+inline void Type::clear_oneofs() {
+  oneofs_.Clear();
+}
+inline std::string* Type::add_oneofs() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  return _internal_add_oneofs();
+}
+inline const std::string& Type::_internal_oneofs(int index) const {
+  return oneofs_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const std::string& Type::oneofs(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  return _internal_oneofs(index);
+}
+inline std::string* Type::mutable_oneofs(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  return oneofs_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  oneofs_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+inline void Type::set_oneofs(int index, std::string&& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  oneofs_.Mutable(index)->assign(std::move(value));
+}
+inline void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  oneofs_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+inline void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  oneofs_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+inline std::string* Type::_internal_add_oneofs() {
+  return oneofs_.Add();
+}
+inline void Type::add_oneofs(const std::string& value) {
+  oneofs_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+inline void Type::add_oneofs(std::string&& value) {
+  oneofs_.Add(std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+inline void Type::add_oneofs(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  oneofs_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+inline void Type::add_oneofs(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  oneofs_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>&
+Type::oneofs() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  return oneofs_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>*
+Type::mutable_oneofs() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  return &oneofs_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;
+inline int Type::_internal_options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+inline int Type::options_size() const {
+  return _internal_options_size();
+}
+inline void Type::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Type::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >*
+Type::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& Type::_internal_options(int index) const {
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& Type::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return _internal_options(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Type::_internal_add_options() {
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Type::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return _internal_add_options();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >&
+Type::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+
+// .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+inline bool Type::_internal_has_source_context() const {
+  return this != internal_default_instance() && source_context_ != nullptr;
+}
+inline bool Type::has_source_context() const {
+  return _internal_has_source_context();
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& Type::_internal_source_context() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* p = source_context_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_SourceContext_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& Type::source_context() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
+  return _internal_source_context();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* Type::release_source_context() {
+  auto temp = unsafe_arena_release_source_context();
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+    temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+  }
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* Type::unsafe_arena_release_source_context() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
+  
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+  source_context_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* Type::_internal_mutable_source_context() {
+  
+  if (source_context_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    source_context_ = p;
+  }
+  return source_context_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* Type::mutable_source_context() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
+  return _internal_mutable_source_context();
+}
+inline void Type::set_allocated_source_context(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete reinterpret_cast< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageLite*>(source_context_);
+  }
+  if (source_context) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena = nullptr;
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      source_context = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, source_context, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  source_context_ = source_context;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
+}
+
+// .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 6;
+inline void Type::clear_syntax() {
+  syntax_ = 0;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax Type::_internal_syntax() const {
+  return static_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax >(syntax_);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax Type::syntax() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.syntax)
+  return _internal_syntax();
+}
+inline void Type::_internal_set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value) {
+  
+  syntax_ = value;
+}
+inline void Type::set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value) {
+  _internal_set_syntax(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Type.syntax)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Field
+
+// .google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;
+inline void Field::clear_kind() {
+  kind_ = 0;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Kind Field::_internal_kind() const {
+  return static_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Kind >(kind_);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Kind Field::kind() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.kind)
+  return _internal_kind();
+}
+inline void Field::_internal_set_kind(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Kind value) {
+  
+  kind_ = value;
+}
+inline void Field::set_kind(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Kind value) {
+  _internal_set_kind(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.kind)
+}
+
+// .google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;
+inline void Field::clear_cardinality() {
+  cardinality_ = 0;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Cardinality Field::_internal_cardinality() const {
+  return static_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Cardinality >(cardinality_);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Cardinality Field::cardinality() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.cardinality)
+  return _internal_cardinality();
+}
+inline void Field::_internal_set_cardinality(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Cardinality value) {
+  
+  cardinality_ = value;
+}
+inline void Field::set_cardinality(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Cardinality value) {
+  _internal_set_cardinality(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.cardinality)
+}
+
+// int32 number = 3;
+inline void Field::clear_number() {
+  number_ = 0;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Field::_internal_number() const {
+  return number_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Field::number() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.number)
+  return _internal_number();
+}
+inline void Field::_internal_set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  
+  number_ = value;
+}
+inline void Field::set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_number(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.number)
+}
+
+// string name = 4;
+inline void Field::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline const std::string& Field::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void Field::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Field::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& Field::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.Get();
+}
+inline void Field::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Field::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
+inline void Field::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
+inline void Field::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Field::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  
+  return name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* Field::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+  
+  return name_.Release(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Field::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Field::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Field::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
+
+// string type_url = 6;
+inline void Field::clear_type_url() {
+  type_url_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline const std::string& Field::type_url() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+  return _internal_type_url();
+}
+inline void Field::set_type_url(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_type_url(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
+inline std::string* Field::mutable_type_url() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+  return _internal_mutable_type_url();
+}
+inline const std::string& Field::_internal_type_url() const {
+  return type_url_.Get();
+}
+inline void Field::_internal_set_type_url(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  type_url_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Field::set_type_url(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  type_url_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
+inline void Field::set_type_url(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  type_url_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
+inline void Field::set_type_url(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  
+  type_url_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
+inline std::string* Field::_internal_mutable_type_url() {
+  
+  return type_url_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* Field::release_type_url() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+  
+  return type_url_.Release(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Field::set_allocated_type_url(std::string* type_url) {
+  if (type_url != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  type_url_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), type_url,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
+inline std::string* Field::unsafe_arena_release_type_url() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  
+  return type_url_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Field::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_type_url(
+    std::string* type_url) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (type_url != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  type_url_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      type_url, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
+
+// int32 oneof_index = 7;
+inline void Field::clear_oneof_index() {
+  oneof_index_ = 0;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Field::_internal_oneof_index() const {
+  return oneof_index_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Field::oneof_index() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.oneof_index)
+  return _internal_oneof_index();
+}
+inline void Field::_internal_set_oneof_index(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  
+  oneof_index_ = value;
+}
+inline void Field::set_oneof_index(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_oneof_index(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.oneof_index)
+}
+
+// bool packed = 8;
+inline void Field::clear_packed() {
+  packed_ = false;
+}
+inline bool Field::_internal_packed() const {
+  return packed_;
+}
+inline bool Field::packed() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.packed)
+  return _internal_packed();
+}
+inline void Field::_internal_set_packed(bool value) {
+  
+  packed_ = value;
+}
+inline void Field::set_packed(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_packed(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.packed)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;
+inline int Field::_internal_options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+inline int Field::options_size() const {
+  return _internal_options_size();
+}
+inline void Field::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Field::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >*
+Field::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& Field::_internal_options(int index) const {
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& Field::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return _internal_options(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Field::_internal_add_options() {
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Field::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return _internal_add_options();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >&
+Field::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+
+// string json_name = 10;
+inline void Field::clear_json_name() {
+  json_name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline const std::string& Field::json_name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
+  return _internal_json_name();
+}
+inline void Field::set_json_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_json_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
+}
+inline std::string* Field::mutable_json_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
+  return _internal_mutable_json_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& Field::_internal_json_name() const {
+  return json_name_.Get();
+}
+inline void Field::_internal_set_json_name(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  json_name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Field::set_json_name(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  json_name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
+}
+inline void Field::set_json_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  json_name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
+}
+inline void Field::set_json_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  
+  json_name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
+}
+inline std::string* Field::_internal_mutable_json_name() {
+  
+  return json_name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* Field::release_json_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
+  
+  return json_name_.Release(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Field::set_allocated_json_name(std::string* json_name) {
+  if (json_name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  json_name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), json_name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
+}
+inline std::string* Field::unsafe_arena_release_json_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  
+  return json_name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Field::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_json_name(
+    std::string* json_name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (json_name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  json_name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      json_name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
+}
+
+// string default_value = 11;
+inline void Field::clear_default_value() {
+  default_value_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline const std::string& Field::default_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
+  return _internal_default_value();
+}
+inline void Field::set_default_value(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_default_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
+}
+inline std::string* Field::mutable_default_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
+  return _internal_mutable_default_value();
+}
+inline const std::string& Field::_internal_default_value() const {
+  return default_value_.Get();
+}
+inline void Field::_internal_set_default_value(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  default_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Field::set_default_value(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  default_value_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
+}
+inline void Field::set_default_value(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  default_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
+}
+inline void Field::set_default_value(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  
+  default_value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
+}
+inline std::string* Field::_internal_mutable_default_value() {
+  
+  return default_value_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* Field::release_default_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
+  
+  return default_value_.Release(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Field::set_allocated_default_value(std::string* default_value) {
+  if (default_value != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  default_value_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), default_value,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
+}
+inline std::string* Field::unsafe_arena_release_default_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  
+  return default_value_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Field::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_default_value(
+    std::string* default_value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (default_value != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  default_value_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      default_value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Enum
+
+// string name = 1;
+inline void Enum::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline const std::string& Enum::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void Enum::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Enum::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& Enum::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.Get();
+}
+inline void Enum::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Enum::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
+inline void Enum::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
+inline void Enum::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Enum::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  
+  return name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* Enum::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+  
+  return name_.Release(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Enum::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Enum::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Enum::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
+inline int Enum::_internal_enumvalue_size() const {
+  return enumvalue_.size();
+}
+inline int Enum::enumvalue_size() const {
+  return _internal_enumvalue_size();
+}
+inline void Enum::clear_enumvalue() {
+  enumvalue_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue* Enum::mutable_enumvalue(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return enumvalue_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue >*
+Enum::mutable_enumvalue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return &enumvalue_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue& Enum::_internal_enumvalue(int index) const {
+  return enumvalue_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue& Enum::enumvalue(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return _internal_enumvalue(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue* Enum::_internal_add_enumvalue() {
+  return enumvalue_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue* Enum::add_enumvalue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return _internal_add_enumvalue();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumValue >&
+Enum::enumvalue() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return enumvalue_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+inline int Enum::_internal_options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+inline int Enum::options_size() const {
+  return _internal_options_size();
+}
+inline void Enum::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Enum::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >*
+Enum::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& Enum::_internal_options(int index) const {
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& Enum::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return _internal_options(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Enum::_internal_add_options() {
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* Enum::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return _internal_add_options();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >&
+Enum::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+
+// .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;
+inline bool Enum::_internal_has_source_context() const {
+  return this != internal_default_instance() && source_context_ != nullptr;
+}
+inline bool Enum::has_source_context() const {
+  return _internal_has_source_context();
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& Enum::_internal_source_context() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* p = source_context_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_SourceContext_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext& Enum::source_context() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
+  return _internal_source_context();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* Enum::release_source_context() {
+  auto temp = unsafe_arena_release_source_context();
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+    temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+  }
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* Enum::unsafe_arena_release_source_context() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
+  
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+  source_context_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* Enum::_internal_mutable_source_context() {
+  
+  if (source_context_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    source_context_ = p;
+  }
+  return source_context_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* Enum::mutable_source_context() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
+  return _internal_mutable_source_context();
+}
+inline void Enum::set_allocated_source_context(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete reinterpret_cast< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageLite*>(source_context_);
+  }
+  if (source_context) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena = nullptr;
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      source_context = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, source_context, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  source_context_ = source_context;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
+}
+
+// .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 5;
+inline void Enum::clear_syntax() {
+  syntax_ = 0;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax Enum::_internal_syntax() const {
+  return static_cast< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax >(syntax_);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax Enum::syntax() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.syntax)
+  return _internal_syntax();
+}
+inline void Enum::_internal_set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value) {
+  
+  syntax_ = value;
+}
+inline void Enum::set_syntax(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax value) {
+  _internal_set_syntax(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Enum.syntax)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// EnumValue
+
+// string name = 1;
+inline void EnumValue::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline const std::string& EnumValue::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void EnumValue::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
+inline std::string* EnumValue::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& EnumValue::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.Get();
+}
+inline void EnumValue::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void EnumValue::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
+inline void EnumValue::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
+inline void EnumValue::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
+inline std::string* EnumValue::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  
+  return name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* EnumValue::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+  
+  return name_.Release(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void EnumValue::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
+inline std::string* EnumValue::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void EnumValue::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
+
+// int32 number = 2;
+inline void EnumValue::clear_number() {
+  number_ = 0;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 EnumValue::_internal_number() const {
+  return number_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 EnumValue::number() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValue.number)
+  return _internal_number();
+}
+inline void EnumValue::_internal_set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  
+  number_ = value;
+}
+inline void EnumValue::set_number(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_number(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValue.number)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+inline int EnumValue::_internal_options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+inline int EnumValue::options_size() const {
+  return _internal_options_size();
+}
+inline void EnumValue::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* EnumValue::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >*
+EnumValue::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& EnumValue::_internal_options(int index) const {
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option& EnumValue::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return _internal_options(index);
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* EnumValue::_internal_add_options() {
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option* EnumValue::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return _internal_add_options();
+}
+inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Option >&
+EnumValue::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Option
+
+// string name = 1;
+inline void Option::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline const std::string& Option::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void Option::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Option::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& Option::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.Get();
+}
+inline void Option::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Option::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  name_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
+inline void Option::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
+inline void Option::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Option::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  
+  return name_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* Option::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+  
+  return name_.Release(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Option::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
+inline std::string* Option::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void Option::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
+
+// .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
+inline bool Option::_internal_has_value() const {
+  return this != internal_default_instance() && value_ != nullptr;
+}
+inline bool Option::has_value() const {
+  return _internal_has_value();
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any& Option::_internal_value() const {
+  const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* p = value_;
+  return p != nullptr ? *p : *reinterpret_cast<const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any*>(
+      &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Any_default_instance_);
+}
+inline const PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any& Option::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Option.value)
+  return _internal_value();
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* Option::release_value() {
+  auto temp = unsafe_arena_release_value();
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr) {
+    temp = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DuplicateIfNonNull(temp);
+  }
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* Option::unsafe_arena_release_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Option.value)
+  
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* temp = value_;
+  value_ = nullptr;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* Option::_internal_mutable_value() {
+  
+  if (value_ == nullptr) {
+    auto* p = CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any>(GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    value_ = p;
+  }
+  return value_;
+}
+inline PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* Option::mutable_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Option.value)
+  return _internal_mutable_value();
+}
+inline void Option::set_allocated_value(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Any* value) {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == nullptr) {
+    delete reinterpret_cast< ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MessageLite*>(value_);
+  }
+  if (value) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* submessage_arena = nullptr;
+    if (message_arena != submessage_arena) {
+      value = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetOwnedMessage(
+          message_arena, value, submessage_arena);
+    }
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Option.value)
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+template <> struct is_proto_enum< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Kind> : ::std::true_type {};
+template <>
+inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Kind>() {
+  return PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Kind_descriptor();
+}
+template <> struct is_proto_enum< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Cardinality> : ::std::true_type {};
+template <>
+inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Cardinality>() {
+  return PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Field_Cardinality_descriptor();
+}
+template <> struct is_proto_enum< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax> : ::std::true_type {};
+template <>
+inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax>() {
+  return PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Syntax_descriptor();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/type.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/type.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4b1d3a4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/type.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/source_context.proto";
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "TypeProto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+option go_package = "google.golang.org/genproto/protobuf/ptype;ptype";
+
+// A protocol buffer message type.
+message Type {
+  // The fully qualified message name.
+  string name = 1;
+  // The list of fields.
+  repeated Field fields = 2;
+  // The list of types appearing in `oneof` definitions in this type.
+  repeated string oneofs = 3;
+  // The protocol buffer options.
+  repeated Option options = 4;
+  // The source context.
+  SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  // The source syntax.
+  Syntax syntax = 6;
+}
+
+// A single field of a message type.
+message Field {
+  // Basic field types.
+  enum Kind {
+    // Field type unknown.
+    TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0;
+    // Field type double.
+    TYPE_DOUBLE = 1;
+    // Field type float.
+    TYPE_FLOAT = 2;
+    // Field type int64.
+    TYPE_INT64 = 3;
+    // Field type uint64.
+    TYPE_UINT64 = 4;
+    // Field type int32.
+    TYPE_INT32 = 5;
+    // Field type fixed64.
+    TYPE_FIXED64 = 6;
+    // Field type fixed32.
+    TYPE_FIXED32 = 7;
+    // Field type bool.
+    TYPE_BOOL = 8;
+    // Field type string.
+    TYPE_STRING = 9;
+    // Field type group. Proto2 syntax only, and deprecated.
+    TYPE_GROUP = 10;
+    // Field type message.
+    TYPE_MESSAGE = 11;
+    // Field type bytes.
+    TYPE_BYTES = 12;
+    // Field type uint32.
+    TYPE_UINT32 = 13;
+    // Field type enum.
+    TYPE_ENUM = 14;
+    // Field type sfixed32.
+    TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15;
+    // Field type sfixed64.
+    TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16;
+    // Field type sint32.
+    TYPE_SINT32 = 17;
+    // Field type sint64.
+    TYPE_SINT64 = 18;
+  }
+
+  // Whether a field is optional, required, or repeated.
+  enum Cardinality {
+    // For fields with unknown cardinality.
+    CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN = 0;
+    // For optional fields.
+    CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL = 1;
+    // For required fields. Proto2 syntax only.
+    CARDINALITY_REQUIRED = 2;
+    // For repeated fields.
+    CARDINALITY_REPEATED = 3;
+  };
+
+  // The field type.
+  Kind kind = 1;
+  // The field cardinality.
+  Cardinality cardinality = 2;
+  // The field number.
+  int32 number = 3;
+  // The field name.
+  string name = 4;
+  // The field type URL, without the scheme, for message or enumeration
+  // types. Example: `"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"`.
+  string type_url = 6;
+  // The index of the field type in `Type.oneofs`, for message or enumeration
+  // types. The first type has index 1; zero means the type is not in the list.
+  int32 oneof_index = 7;
+  // Whether to use alternative packed wire representation.
+  bool packed = 8;
+  // The protocol buffer options.
+  repeated Option options = 9;
+  // The field JSON name.
+  string json_name = 10;
+  // The string value of the default value of this field. Proto2 syntax only.
+  string default_value = 11;
+}
+
+// Enum type definition.
+message Enum {
+  // Enum type name.
+  string name = 1;
+  // Enum value definitions.
+  repeated EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
+  // Protocol buffer options.
+  repeated Option options = 3;
+  // The source context.
+  SourceContext source_context = 4;
+  // The source syntax.
+  Syntax syntax = 5;
+}
+
+// Enum value definition.
+message EnumValue {
+  // Enum value name.
+  string name = 1;
+  // Enum value number.
+  int32 number = 2;
+  // Protocol buffer options.
+  repeated Option options = 3;
+}
+
+// A protocol buffer option, which can be attached to a message, field,
+// enumeration, etc.
+message Option {
+  // The option's name. For protobuf built-in options (options defined in
+  // descriptor.proto), this is the short name. For example, `"map_entry"`.
+  // For custom options, it should be the fully-qualified name. For example,
+  // `"google.api.http"`.
+  string name = 1;
+  // The option's value packed in an Any message. If the value is a primitive,
+  // the corresponding wrapper type defined in google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+  // should be used. If the value is an enum, it should be stored as an int32
+  // value using the google.protobuf.Int32Value type.
+  Any value = 2;
+}
+
+// The syntax in which a protocol buffer element is defined.
+enum Syntax {
+  // Syntax `proto2`.
+  SYNTAX_PROTO2 = 0;
+  // Syntax `proto3`.
+  SYNTAX_PROTO3 = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c92bd30ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,1117 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file we will use for unit testing.
+//
+// LINT: ALLOW_GROUPS, LEGACY_NAMES
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// Protos optimized for SPEED use a strict superset of the generated code
+// of equivalent ones optimized for CODE_SIZE, so we should optimize all our
+// tests for speed unless explicitly testing code size optimization.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option java_outer_classname = "UnittestProto";
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    optional int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+    NEG = -1;  // Intentionally negative.
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage                        optional_nested_message  = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage optional_import_message  = 20;
+
+  optional NestedEnum                           optional_nested_enum     = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    optional_import_enum     = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+      optional_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  optional NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated NestedMessage                        repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage repeated_import_message  = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum                           repeated_nested_enum     = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    repeated_import_enum     = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32 = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64 = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional NestedEnum  default_nested_enum  = 81 [default = BAR        ];
+  optional ForeignEnum default_foreign_enum = 82 [default = FOREIGN_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+      default_import_enum = 83 [default = IMPORT_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord = 85 [ctype=CORD,default="123"];
+
+  // For oneof test
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+}
+
+// This proto includes a recusively nested message.
+message NestedTestAllTypes {
+  optional NestedTestAllTypes child = 1;
+  optional TestAllTypes payload = 2;
+  repeated NestedTestAllTypes repeated_child = 3;
+}
+
+message TestDeprecatedFields {
+  optional int32 deprecated_int32 = 1 [deprecated=true];
+  oneof oneof_fields {
+    int32 deprecated_int32_in_oneof = 2 [deprecated=true];
+  }
+}
+
+message TestDeprecatedMessage {
+  option deprecated = true;
+}
+
+// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+// that.
+message ForeignMessage {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+  optional int32 d = 2;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+message TestReservedFields {
+  reserved 2, 15, 9 to 11;
+  reserved "bar", "baz";
+}
+
+message TestAllExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensions {
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32_extension    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64_extension    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32_extension   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64_extension   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32_extension   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64_extension   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32_extension  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64_extension  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32_extension =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64_extension = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float_extension    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double_extension   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool_extension     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string_extension   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes_extension    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup_extension = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage optional_nested_message_extension = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessage optional_foreign_message_extension = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage
+    optional_import_message_extension = 20;
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedEnum optional_nested_enum_extension = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnum optional_foreign_enum_extension = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+    optional_import_enum_extension = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece_extension = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord_extension = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+    optional_public_import_message_extension = 26;
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage
+    optional_lazy_message_extension = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32_extension    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64_extension    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32_extension   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64_extension   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32_extension   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64_extension   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32_extension  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64_extension  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32_extension = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64_extension = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float_extension    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double_extension   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool_extension     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string_extension   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes_extension    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup_extension = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedMessage repeated_nested_message_extension = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage repeated_foreign_message_extension = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage
+    repeated_import_message_extension = 50;
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum_extension = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum repeated_foreign_enum_extension = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+    repeated_import_enum_extension = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece_extension = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord_extension = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedMessage
+    repeated_lazy_message_extension = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32_extension    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64_extension    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32_extension   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64_extension   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32_extension   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64_extension   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32_extension  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64_extension  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32_extension = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64_extension = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float_extension    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double_extension   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool_extension     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string_extension   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes_extension    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedEnum
+    default_nested_enum_extension = 81 [default = BAR];
+  optional ForeignEnum
+    default_foreign_enum_extension = 82 [default = FOREIGN_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+    default_import_enum_extension = 83 [default = IMPORT_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece_extension = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,
+                                                       default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord_extension = 85 [ctype=CORD, default="123"];
+
+  // For oneof test
+  optional uint32 oneof_uint32_extension = 111;
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage oneof_nested_message_extension = 112;
+  optional string oneof_string_extension = 113;
+  optional bytes oneof_bytes_extension = 114;
+}
+
+message TestGroup {
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+  optional ForeignEnum optional_foreign_enum = 22;
+}
+
+message TestGroupExtension {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+message TestNestedExtension {
+  extend TestAllExtensions {
+    // Check for bug where string extensions declared in tested scope did not
+    // compile.
+    optional string test = 1002 [default="test"];
+    // Used to test if generated extension name is correct when there are
+    // underscores.
+    optional string nested_string_extension = 1003;
+  }
+
+  extend TestGroupExtension {
+    optional group OptionalGroup_extension = 16 {
+      optional int32 a = 17;
+    }
+    optional ForeignEnum optional_foreign_enum_extension = 22;
+  }
+}
+
+// We have separate messages for testing required fields because it's
+// annoying to have to fill in required fields in TestProto in order to
+// do anything with it.  Note that we don't need to test every type of
+// required filed because the code output is basically identical to
+// optional fields for all types.
+message TestRequired {
+  required int32 a = 1;
+  optional int32 dummy2 = 2;
+  required int32 b = 3;
+
+  extend TestAllExtensions {
+    optional TestRequired single = 1000;
+    repeated TestRequired multi  = 1001;
+  }
+
+  // Pad the field count to 32 so that we can test that IsInitialized()
+  // properly checks multiple elements of has_bits_.
+  optional int32 dummy4  =  4;
+  optional int32 dummy5  =  5;
+  optional int32 dummy6  =  6;
+  optional int32 dummy7  =  7;
+  optional int32 dummy8  =  8;
+  optional int32 dummy9  =  9;
+  optional int32 dummy10 = 10;
+  optional int32 dummy11 = 11;
+  optional int32 dummy12 = 12;
+  optional int32 dummy13 = 13;
+  optional int32 dummy14 = 14;
+  optional int32 dummy15 = 15;
+  optional int32 dummy16 = 16;
+  optional int32 dummy17 = 17;
+  optional int32 dummy18 = 18;
+  optional int32 dummy19 = 19;
+  optional int32 dummy20 = 20;
+  optional int32 dummy21 = 21;
+  optional int32 dummy22 = 22;
+  optional int32 dummy23 = 23;
+  optional int32 dummy24 = 24;
+  optional int32 dummy25 = 25;
+  optional int32 dummy26 = 26;
+  optional int32 dummy27 = 27;
+  optional int32 dummy28 = 28;
+  optional int32 dummy29 = 29;
+  optional int32 dummy30 = 30;
+  optional int32 dummy31 = 31;
+  optional int32 dummy32 = 32;
+
+  required int32 c = 33;
+}
+
+message TestRequiredForeign {
+  optional TestRequired optional_message = 1;
+  repeated TestRequired repeated_message = 2;
+  optional int32 dummy = 3;
+}
+
+message TestRequiredMessage {
+  optional TestRequired optional_message = 1;
+  repeated TestRequired repeated_message = 2;
+  required TestRequired required_message = 3;
+}
+
+// Test that we can use NestedMessage from outside TestAllTypes.
+message TestForeignNested {
+  optional TestAllTypes.NestedMessage foreign_nested = 1;
+}
+
+// TestEmptyMessage is used to test unknown field support.
+message TestEmptyMessage {
+}
+
+// Like above, but declare all field numbers as potential extensions.  No
+// actual extensions should ever be defined for this type.
+message TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+// Needed for a Python test.
+message TestPickleNestedMessage {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int32 bb = 1;
+    message NestedNestedMessage {
+      optional int32 cc = 1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+message TestMultipleExtensionRanges {
+  extensions 42;
+  extensions 4143 to 4243;
+  extensions 65536 to max;
+}
+
+// Test that really large tag numbers don't break anything.
+message TestReallyLargeTagNumber {
+  // The largest possible tag number is 2^28 - 1, since the wire format uses
+  // three bits to communicate wire type.
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional int32 bb = 268435455;
+}
+
+message TestRecursiveMessage {
+  optional TestRecursiveMessage a = 1;
+  optional int32 i = 2;
+}
+
+// Test that mutual recursion works.
+message TestMutualRecursionA {
+  message SubMessage {
+    optional TestMutualRecursionB b = 1;
+  }
+  optional TestMutualRecursionB bb = 1;
+  optional group SubGroup = 2 {
+    optional SubMessage sub_message = 3;  // Needed because of bug in javatest
+    optional TestAllTypes not_in_this_scc = 4;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestMutualRecursionB {
+  optional TestMutualRecursionA a = 1;
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 2;
+}
+
+message TestIsInitialized {
+  message SubMessage {
+    optional group SubGroup = 1 {
+      required int32 i = 2;
+    }
+  }
+  optional SubMessage sub_message = 1;
+}
+
+// Test that groups have disjoint field numbers from their siblings and
+// parents.  This is NOT possible in proto1; only google.protobuf.  When attempting
+// to compile with proto1, this will emit an error; so we only include it
+// in protobuf_unittest_proto.
+message TestDupFieldNumber {                        // NO_PROTO1
+  optional int32 a = 1;                             // NO_PROTO1
+  optional group Foo = 2 { optional int32 a = 1; }  // NO_PROTO1
+  optional group Bar = 3 { optional int32 a = 1; }  // NO_PROTO1
+}                                                   // NO_PROTO1
+
+// Additional messages for testing lazy fields.
+message TestEagerMessage {
+  optional TestAllTypes sub_message = 1 [lazy=false];
+}
+message TestLazyMessage {
+  optional TestAllTypes sub_message = 1 [lazy=true];
+}
+
+// Needed for a Python test.
+message TestNestedMessageHasBits {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    repeated int32 nestedmessage_repeated_int32 = 1;
+    repeated ForeignMessage nestedmessage_repeated_foreignmessage = 2;
+  }
+  optional NestedMessage optional_nested_message = 1;
+}
+
+
+// Test an enum that has multiple values with the same number.
+enum TestEnumWithDupValue {
+  option allow_alias = true;
+
+  FOO1 = 1;
+  BAR1 = 2;
+  BAZ = 3;
+  FOO2 = 1;
+  BAR2 = 2;
+}
+
+// Test an enum with large, unordered values.
+enum TestSparseEnum {
+  SPARSE_A = 123;
+  SPARSE_B = 62374;
+  SPARSE_C = 12589234;
+  SPARSE_D = -15;
+  SPARSE_E = -53452;
+  SPARSE_F = 0;
+  SPARSE_G = 2;
+}
+
+// Test message with CamelCase field names.  This violates Protocol Buffer
+// standard style.
+message TestCamelCaseFieldNames {
+  optional int32 PrimitiveField = 1;
+  optional string StringField = 2;
+  optional ForeignEnum EnumField = 3;
+  optional ForeignMessage MessageField = 4;
+  optional string StringPieceField = 5 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string CordField = 6 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated int32 RepeatedPrimitiveField = 7;
+  repeated string RepeatedStringField = 8;
+  repeated ForeignEnum RepeatedEnumField = 9;
+  repeated ForeignMessage RepeatedMessageField = 10;
+  repeated string RepeatedStringPieceField = 11 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string RepeatedCordField = 12 [ctype=CORD];
+}
+
+
+// We list fields out of order, to ensure that we're using field number and not
+// field index to determine serialization order.
+message TestFieldOrderings {
+  optional string my_string = 11;
+  extensions 2 to 10;
+  optional int64 my_int = 1;
+  extensions 12 to 100;
+  optional float my_float = 101;
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int64 oo = 2;
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    optional int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage optional_nested_message  = 200;
+}
+
+extend TestFieldOrderings {
+  optional string my_extension_string = 50;
+  optional int32 my_extension_int = 5;
+}
+
+message TestExtensionOrderings1 {
+  extend TestFieldOrderings {
+    optional TestExtensionOrderings1 test_ext_orderings1 = 13;
+  }
+  optional string my_string = 1;
+}
+
+message TestExtensionOrderings2 {
+  extend TestFieldOrderings {
+    optional TestExtensionOrderings2 test_ext_orderings2 = 12;
+  }
+  message TestExtensionOrderings3 {
+    extend TestFieldOrderings {
+      optional TestExtensionOrderings3 test_ext_orderings3 = 14;
+    }
+    optional string my_string = 1;
+  }
+  optional string my_string = 1;
+}
+
+message TestExtremeDefaultValues {
+  optional bytes escaped_bytes = 1 [default = "\0\001\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\\\'\"\xfe"];
+  optional uint32 large_uint32 = 2 [default = 0xFFFFFFFF];
+  optional uint64 large_uint64 = 3 [default = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF];
+  optional  int32 small_int32  = 4 [default = -0x7FFFFFFF];
+  optional  int64 small_int64  = 5 [default = -0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF];
+  optional  int32 really_small_int32 = 21 [default = -0x80000000];
+  optional  int64 really_small_int64 = 22 [default = -0x8000000000000000];
+
+  // The default value here is UTF-8 for "\u1234".  (We could also just type
+  // the UTF-8 text directly into this text file rather than escape it, but
+  // lots of people use editors that would be confused by this.)
+  optional string utf8_string = 6 [default = "\341\210\264"];
+
+  // Tests for single-precision floating-point values.
+  optional float zero_float = 7 [default = 0];
+  optional float one_float = 8 [default = 1];
+  optional float small_float = 9 [default = 1.5];
+  optional float negative_one_float = 10 [default = -1];
+  optional float negative_float = 11 [default = -1.5];
+  // Using exponents
+  optional float large_float = 12 [default = 2E8];
+  optional float small_negative_float = 13 [default = -8e-28];
+
+  // Text for nonfinite floating-point values.
+  optional double inf_double = 14 [default = inf];
+  optional double neg_inf_double = 15 [default = -inf];
+  optional double nan_double = 16 [default = nan];
+  optional float inf_float = 17 [default = inf];
+  optional float neg_inf_float = 18 [default = -inf];
+  optional float nan_float = 19 [default = nan];
+
+  // Tests for C++ trigraphs.
+  // Trigraphs should be escaped in C++ generated files, but they should not be
+  // escaped for other languages.
+  // Note that in .proto file, "\?" is a valid way to escape ? in string
+  // literals.
+  optional string cpp_trigraph = 20 [default = "? \? ?? \?? \??? ??/ ?\?-"];
+
+  // String defaults containing the character '\000'
+  optional string string_with_zero       = 23 [default = "hel\000lo"];
+  optional  bytes bytes_with_zero        = 24 [default = "wor\000ld"];
+  optional string string_piece_with_zero = 25 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,
+                                               default="ab\000c"];
+  optional string cord_with_zero         = 26 [ctype=CORD,
+                                               default="12\0003"];
+  optional string replacement_string     = 27 [default="${unknown}"];
+}
+
+message SparseEnumMessage {
+  optional TestSparseEnum sparse_enum = 1;
+}
+
+// Test String and Bytes: string is for valid UTF-8 strings
+message OneString {
+  optional string data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreString {
+  repeated string data = 1;
+}
+
+message OneBytes {
+  optional bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreBytes {
+  repeated bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+// Test int32, uint32, int64, uint64, and bool are all compatible
+message Int32Message {
+  optional int32 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Uint32Message {
+  optional uint32 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Int64Message {
+  optional int64 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Uint64Message {
+  optional uint64 data = 1;
+}
+
+message BoolMessage {
+  optional bool data = 1;
+}
+
+// Test oneofs.
+message TestOneof {
+  oneof foo {
+    int32 foo_int = 1;
+    string foo_string = 2;
+    TestAllTypes foo_message = 3;
+    group FooGroup = 4 {
+      optional int32 a = 5;
+      optional string b = 6;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+message TestOneofBackwardsCompatible {
+  optional int32 foo_int = 1;
+  optional string foo_string = 2;
+  optional TestAllTypes foo_message = 3;
+  optional group FooGroup = 4 {
+    optional int32 a = 5;
+    optional string b = 6;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestOneof2 {
+  oneof foo {
+    int32 foo_int = 1;
+    string foo_string = 2;
+    string foo_cord = 3 [ctype=CORD];
+    string foo_string_piece = 4 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+    bytes foo_bytes = 5;
+    NestedEnum foo_enum = 6;
+    NestedMessage foo_message = 7;
+    group FooGroup = 8 {
+      optional int32 a = 9;
+      optional string b = 10;
+    }
+    NestedMessage foo_lazy_message = 11 [lazy=true];
+  }
+
+  oneof bar {
+    int32 bar_int = 12 [default = 5];
+    string bar_string = 13 [default = "STRING"];
+    string bar_cord = 14 [ctype=CORD, default = "CORD"];
+    string bar_string_piece = 15 [ctype=STRING_PIECE, default = "SPIECE"];
+    bytes bar_bytes = 16 [default = "BYTES"];
+    NestedEnum bar_enum = 17 [default = BAR];
+  }
+
+  optional int32 baz_int = 18;
+  optional string baz_string = 19 [default = "BAZ"];
+
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int64 qux_int = 1;
+    repeated int32 corge_int = 2;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestRequiredOneof {
+  oneof foo {
+    int32 foo_int = 1;
+    string foo_string = 2;
+    NestedMessage foo_message = 3;
+  }
+  message NestedMessage {
+    required double required_double = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+
+// Test messages for packed fields
+
+message TestPackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// A message with the same fields as TestPackedTypes, but without packing. Used
+// to test packed <-> unpacked wire compatibility.
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 unpacked_int32    =  90 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 unpacked_int64    =  91 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 unpacked_uint32   =  92 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 unpacked_uint64   =  93 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 unpacked_sint32   =  94 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 unpacked_sint64   =  95 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 unpacked_fixed32  =  96 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 unpacked_fixed64  =  97 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 unpacked_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 unpacked_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float unpacked_float    = 100 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double unpacked_double   = 101 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool unpacked_bool     = 102 [packed = false];
+  repeated ForeignEnum unpacked_enum  = 103 [packed = false];
+}
+
+message TestPackedExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestPackedExtensions {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32_extension    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64_extension    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32_extension   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64_extension   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32_extension   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64_extension   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32_extension  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64_extension  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32_extension =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64_extension =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float_extension    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double_extension   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool_extension     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum_extension  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestUnpackedExtensions {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestUnpackedExtensions {
+  repeated    int32 unpacked_int32_extension    =  90 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 unpacked_int64_extension    =  91 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 unpacked_uint32_extension   =  92 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 unpacked_uint64_extension   =  93 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 unpacked_sint32_extension   =  94 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 unpacked_sint64_extension   =  95 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 unpacked_fixed32_extension  =  96 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 unpacked_fixed64_extension  =  97 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 unpacked_sfixed32_extension =  98 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 unpacked_sfixed64_extension =  99 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float unpacked_float_extension    = 100 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double unpacked_double_extension   = 101 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool unpacked_bool_extension     = 102 [packed = false];
+  repeated ForeignEnum unpacked_enum_extension  = 103 [packed = false];
+}
+
+// Used by ExtensionSetTest/DynamicExtensions.  The test actually builds
+// a set of extensions to TestAllExtensions dynamically, based on the fields
+// of this message type.
+message TestDynamicExtensions {
+  enum DynamicEnumType {
+    DYNAMIC_FOO = 2200;
+    DYNAMIC_BAR = 2201;
+    DYNAMIC_BAZ = 2202;
+  }
+  message DynamicMessageType {
+    optional int32 dynamic_field = 2100;
+  }
+
+  optional fixed32 scalar_extension = 2000;
+  optional ForeignEnum enum_extension = 2001;
+  optional DynamicEnumType dynamic_enum_extension = 2002;
+
+  optional ForeignMessage message_extension = 2003;
+  optional DynamicMessageType dynamic_message_extension = 2004;
+
+  repeated string repeated_extension = 2005;
+  repeated sint32 packed_extension = 2006 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes {
+  // Parsing repeated fixed size values used to fail. This message needs to be
+  // used in order to get a tag of the right size; all of the repeated fields
+  // in TestAllTypes didn't trigger the check.
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 12;
+  // Check for a varint type, just for good measure.
+  repeated int32   repeated_int32   = 13;
+
+  // These have two-byte tags.
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 2046;
+  repeated int64   repeated_int64   = 2047;
+
+  // Three byte tags.
+  repeated float   repeated_float   = 262142;
+  repeated uint64  repeated_uint64  = 262143;
+}
+
+// Test that if an optional or required message/group field appears multiple
+// times in the input, they need to be merged.
+message TestParsingMerge {
+  // RepeatedFieldsGenerator defines matching field types as TestParsingMerge,
+  // except that all fields are repeated. In the tests, we will serialize the
+  // RepeatedFieldsGenerator to bytes, and parse the bytes to TestParsingMerge.
+  // Repeated fields in RepeatedFieldsGenerator are expected to be merged into
+  // the corresponding required/optional fields in TestParsingMerge.
+  message RepeatedFieldsGenerator {
+    repeated TestAllTypes field1 = 1;
+    repeated TestAllTypes field2 = 2;
+    repeated TestAllTypes field3 = 3;
+    repeated group Group1 = 10 {
+      optional TestAllTypes field1 = 11;
+    }
+    repeated group Group2 = 20 {
+      optional TestAllTypes field1 = 21;
+    }
+    repeated TestAllTypes ext1 = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypes ext2 = 1001;
+  }
+  required TestAllTypes required_all_types = 1;
+  optional TestAllTypes optional_all_types = 2;
+  repeated TestAllTypes repeated_all_types = 3;
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 10 {
+    optional TestAllTypes optional_group_all_types = 11;
+  }
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 20 {
+    optional TestAllTypes repeated_group_all_types = 21;
+  }
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+  extend TestParsingMerge {
+    optional TestAllTypes optional_ext = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypes repeated_ext = 1001;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestCommentInjectionMessage {
+  // */ <- This should not close the generated doc comment
+  optional string a = 1 [default="*/ <- Neither should this."];
+}
+
+
+// Test that RPC services work.
+message FooRequest  {}
+message FooResponse {}
+
+message FooClientMessage {}
+message FooServerMessage{}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Foo(FooRequest) returns (FooResponse);
+  rpc Bar(BarRequest) returns (BarResponse);
+}
+
+
+message BarRequest  {}
+message BarResponse {}
+
+message TestJsonName {
+  optional int32 field_name1 = 1;
+  optional int32 fieldName2 = 2;
+  optional int32 FieldName3 = 3;
+  optional int32 _field_name4 = 4;
+  optional int32 FIELD_NAME5 = 5;
+  optional int32 field_name6 = 6 [json_name = "@type"];
+}
+
+message TestHugeFieldNumbers {
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 536870000;
+  optional int32 fixed_32 = 536870001;
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 536870002 [packed = false];
+  repeated int32 packed_int32 = 536870003 [packed = true];
+
+  optional ForeignEnum optional_enum = 536870004;
+  optional string optional_string = 536870005;
+  optional bytes optional_bytes = 536870006;
+  optional ForeignMessage optional_message = 536870007;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 536870008 {
+    optional int32 group_a = 536870009;
+  }
+
+  map<string, string> string_string_map = 536870010;
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 536870011;
+    TestAllTypes oneof_test_all_types = 536870012;
+    string oneof_string = 536870013;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 536870014;
+  }
+
+  extensions  536860000 to 536869999;
+}
+
+extend TestHugeFieldNumbers {
+  optional TestAllTypes test_all_types = 536860000;
+}
+
+message TestExtensionInsideTable {
+  optional int32 field1 = 1;
+  optional int32 field2 = 2;
+  optional int32 field3 = 3;
+  optional int32 field4 = 4;
+  extensions 5 to 5;
+  optional int32 field6 = 6;
+  optional int32 field7 = 7;
+  optional int32 field8 = 8;
+  optional int32 field9 = 9;
+  optional int32 field10 = 10;
+}
+
+extend TestExtensionInsideTable {
+  optional int32 test_extension_inside_table_extension = 5;
+}
+
+enum VeryLargeEnum {
+  ENUM_LABEL_DEFAULT = 0;
+  ENUM_LABEL_1 = 1;
+  ENUM_LABEL_2 = 2;
+  ENUM_LABEL_3 = 3;
+  ENUM_LABEL_4 = 4;
+  ENUM_LABEL_5 = 5;
+  ENUM_LABEL_6 = 6;
+  ENUM_LABEL_7 = 7;
+  ENUM_LABEL_8 = 8;
+  ENUM_LABEL_9 = 9;
+  ENUM_LABEL_10 = 10;
+  ENUM_LABEL_11 = 11;
+  ENUM_LABEL_12 = 12;
+  ENUM_LABEL_13 = 13;
+  ENUM_LABEL_14 = 14;
+  ENUM_LABEL_15 = 15;
+  ENUM_LABEL_16 = 16;
+  ENUM_LABEL_17 = 17;
+  ENUM_LABEL_18 = 18;
+  ENUM_LABEL_19 = 19;
+  ENUM_LABEL_20 = 20;
+  ENUM_LABEL_21 = 21;
+  ENUM_LABEL_22 = 22;
+  ENUM_LABEL_23 = 23;
+  ENUM_LABEL_24 = 24;
+  ENUM_LABEL_25 = 25;
+  ENUM_LABEL_26 = 26;
+  ENUM_LABEL_27 = 27;
+  ENUM_LABEL_28 = 28;
+  ENUM_LABEL_29 = 29;
+  ENUM_LABEL_30 = 30;
+  ENUM_LABEL_31 = 31;
+  ENUM_LABEL_32 = 32;
+  ENUM_LABEL_33 = 33;
+  ENUM_LABEL_34 = 34;
+  ENUM_LABEL_35 = 35;
+  ENUM_LABEL_36 = 36;
+  ENUM_LABEL_37 = 37;
+  ENUM_LABEL_38 = 38;
+  ENUM_LABEL_39 = 39;
+  ENUM_LABEL_40 = 40;
+  ENUM_LABEL_41 = 41;
+  ENUM_LABEL_42 = 42;
+  ENUM_LABEL_43 = 43;
+  ENUM_LABEL_44 = 44;
+  ENUM_LABEL_45 = 45;
+  ENUM_LABEL_46 = 46;
+  ENUM_LABEL_47 = 47;
+  ENUM_LABEL_48 = 48;
+  ENUM_LABEL_49 = 49;
+  ENUM_LABEL_50 = 50;
+  ENUM_LABEL_51 = 51;
+  ENUM_LABEL_52 = 52;
+  ENUM_LABEL_53 = 53;
+  ENUM_LABEL_54 = 54;
+  ENUM_LABEL_55 = 55;
+  ENUM_LABEL_56 = 56;
+  ENUM_LABEL_57 = 57;
+  ENUM_LABEL_58 = 58;
+  ENUM_LABEL_59 = 59;
+  ENUM_LABEL_60 = 60;
+  ENUM_LABEL_61 = 61;
+  ENUM_LABEL_62 = 62;
+  ENUM_LABEL_63 = 63;
+  ENUM_LABEL_64 = 64;
+  ENUM_LABEL_65 = 65;
+  ENUM_LABEL_66 = 66;
+  ENUM_LABEL_67 = 67;
+  ENUM_LABEL_68 = 68;
+  ENUM_LABEL_69 = 69;
+  ENUM_LABEL_70 = 70;
+  ENUM_LABEL_71 = 71;
+  ENUM_LABEL_72 = 72;
+  ENUM_LABEL_73 = 73;
+  ENUM_LABEL_74 = 74;
+  ENUM_LABEL_75 = 75;
+  ENUM_LABEL_76 = 76;
+  ENUM_LABEL_77 = 77;
+  ENUM_LABEL_78 = 78;
+  ENUM_LABEL_79 = 79;
+  ENUM_LABEL_80 = 80;
+  ENUM_LABEL_81 = 81;
+  ENUM_LABEL_82 = 82;
+  ENUM_LABEL_83 = 83;
+  ENUM_LABEL_84 = 84;
+  ENUM_LABEL_85 = 85;
+  ENUM_LABEL_86 = 86;
+  ENUM_LABEL_87 = 87;
+  ENUM_LABEL_88 = 88;
+  ENUM_LABEL_89 = 89;
+  ENUM_LABEL_90 = 90;
+  ENUM_LABEL_91 = 91;
+  ENUM_LABEL_92 = 92;
+  ENUM_LABEL_93 = 93;
+  ENUM_LABEL_94 = 94;
+  ENUM_LABEL_95 = 95;
+  ENUM_LABEL_96 = 96;
+  ENUM_LABEL_97 = 97;
+  ENUM_LABEL_98 = 98;
+  ENUM_LABEL_99 = 99;
+  ENUM_LABEL_100 = 100;
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_arena.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_arena.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd7e437e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_arena.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_import.proto";
+
+package proto2_arena_unittest;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+message NestedMessage {
+  optional int32 d = 1;
+}
+
+message ArenaMessage {
+  repeated NestedMessage  repeated_nested_message = 1;
+  repeated ImportNoArenaNestedMessage  repeated_import_no_arena_message = 2;
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..218447e9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: benjy@google.com (Benjy Weinberger)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file used to test the "custom options" feature of google.protobuf.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;
+
+// A custom file option (defined below).
+option (file_opt1) = 9876543210;
+
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+
+// Some simple test custom options of various types.
+
+extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+  optional uint64 file_opt1 = 7736974;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  optional int32 message_opt1 = 7739036;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
+  optional fixed64 field_opt1 = 7740936;
+  // This is useful for testing that we correctly register default values for
+  // extension options.
+  optional int32 field_opt2 = 7753913 [default=42];
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.OneofOptions {
+  optional int32 oneof_opt1 = 7740111;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.EnumOptions {
+  optional sfixed32 enum_opt1 = 7753576;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions {
+  optional int32 enum_value_opt1 = 1560678;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.ServiceOptions {
+  optional sint64 service_opt1 = 7887650;
+}
+
+enum MethodOpt1 {
+  METHODOPT1_VAL1 = 1;
+  METHODOPT1_VAL2 = 2;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MethodOptions {
+  optional MethodOpt1 method_opt1 = 7890860;
+}
+
+// A test message with custom options at all possible locations (and also some
+// regular options, to make sure they interact nicely).
+message TestMessageWithCustomOptions {
+  option message_set_wire_format = false;
+
+  option (message_opt1) = -56;
+
+  optional string field1 = 1 [ctype=CORD,
+                              (field_opt1)=8765432109];
+
+  oneof AnOneof {
+    option (oneof_opt1) = -99;
+    int32 oneof_field = 2;
+  }
+
+  enum AnEnum {
+    option (enum_opt1) = -789;
+
+    ANENUM_VAL1 = 1;
+    ANENUM_VAL2 = 2 [(enum_value_opt1) = 123];
+  }
+}
+
+
+// A test RPC service with custom options at all possible locations (and also
+// some regular options, to make sure they interact nicely).
+message CustomOptionFooRequest {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooResponse {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooClientMessage {
+}
+
+message CustomOptionFooServerMessage {
+}
+
+service TestServiceWithCustomOptions {
+  option (service_opt1) = -9876543210;
+
+  rpc Foo(CustomOptionFooRequest) returns (CustomOptionFooResponse) {
+    option (method_opt1) = METHODOPT1_VAL2;
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+// Options of every possible field type, so we can test them all exhaustively.
+
+message DummyMessageContainingEnum {
+  enum TestEnumType {
+    TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE1 = 22;
+    TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE2 = -23;
+  }
+}
+
+message DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType {
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  optional         bool     bool_opt = 7706090;
+  optional        int32    int32_opt = 7705709;
+  optional        int64    int64_opt = 7705542;
+  optional       uint32   uint32_opt = 7704880;
+  optional       uint64   uint64_opt = 7702367;
+  optional       sint32   sint32_opt = 7701568;
+  optional       sint64   sint64_opt = 7700863;
+  optional      fixed32  fixed32_opt = 7700307;
+  optional      fixed64  fixed64_opt = 7700194;
+  optional     sfixed32 sfixed32_opt = 7698645;
+  optional     sfixed64 sfixed64_opt = 7685475;
+  optional        float    float_opt = 7675390;
+  optional       double   double_opt = 7673293;
+  optional       string   string_opt = 7673285;
+  optional        bytes    bytes_opt = 7673238;
+  optional DummyMessageContainingEnum.TestEnumType enum_opt = 7673233;
+  optional DummyMessageInvalidAsOptionType message_type_opt = 7665967;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionMinIntegerValues {
+  option     (bool_opt) = false;
+  option    (int32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option    (int64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+  option   (uint32_opt) = 0;
+  option   (uint64_opt) = 0;
+  option   (sint32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option   (sint64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+  option  (fixed32_opt) = 0;
+  option  (fixed64_opt) = 0;
+  option (sfixed32_opt) = -0x80000000;
+  option (sfixed64_opt) = -0x8000000000000000;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionMaxIntegerValues {
+  option     (bool_opt) = true;
+  option    (int32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option    (int64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (uint32_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (uint64_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option   (sint32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option   (sint64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option  (fixed32_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  option  (fixed64_opt) = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+  option (sfixed32_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  option (sfixed64_opt) = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+}
+
+message CustomOptionOtherValues {
+  option  (int32_opt) = -100;  // To test sign-extension.
+  option  (float_opt) = 12.3456789;
+  option (double_opt) = 1.234567890123456789;
+  option (string_opt) = "Hello, \"World\"";
+  option  (bytes_opt) = "Hello\0World";
+  option   (enum_opt) = TEST_OPTION_ENUM_TYPE2;
+}
+
+message SettingRealsFromPositiveInts {
+  option  (float_opt) = 12;
+  option (double_opt) = 154;
+}
+
+message SettingRealsFromNegativeInts {
+  option  (float_opt) = -12;
+  option  (double_opt) = -154;
+}
+
+// Options of complex message types, themselves combined and extended in
+// various ways.
+
+message ComplexOptionType1 {
+  optional int32 foo = 1;
+  optional int32 foo2 = 2;
+  optional int32 foo3 = 3;
+  repeated int32 foo4 = 4;
+
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message ComplexOptionType2 {
+  optional ComplexOptionType1 bar = 1;
+  optional int32 baz = 2;
+
+  message ComplexOptionType4 {
+    optional int32 waldo = 1;
+
+    extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+      optional ComplexOptionType4 complex_opt4 = 7633546;
+    }
+  }
+
+  optional ComplexOptionType4 fred = 3;
+  repeated ComplexOptionType4 barney = 4;
+
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message ComplexOptionType3 {
+  optional int32 qux = 1;
+
+  optional group ComplexOptionType5 = 2 {
+    optional int32 plugh = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+extend ComplexOptionType1 {
+  optional int32 quux = 7663707;
+  optional ComplexOptionType3 corge = 7663442;
+}
+
+extend ComplexOptionType2 {
+  optional int32 grault = 7650927;
+  optional ComplexOptionType1 garply = 7649992;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  optional protobuf_unittest.ComplexOptionType1 complex_opt1 = 7646756;
+  optional ComplexOptionType2 complex_opt2 = 7636949;
+  optional ComplexOptionType3 complex_opt3 = 7636463;
+  optional group ComplexOpt6 = 7595468 {
+    optional int32 xyzzy = 7593951;
+  }
+}
+
+// Note that we try various different ways of naming the same extension.
+message VariousComplexOptions {
+  option (.protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).foo = 42;
+  option (protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).(.protobuf_unittest.quux) = 324;
+  option (.protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).(protobuf_unittest.corge).qux = 876;
+  option (protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).foo4 = 99;
+  option (protobuf_unittest.complex_opt1).foo4 = 88;
+  option (complex_opt2).baz = 987;
+  option (complex_opt2).(grault) = 654;
+  option (complex_opt2).bar.foo = 743;
+  option (complex_opt2).bar.(quux) = 1999;
+  option (complex_opt2).bar.(protobuf_unittest.corge).qux = 2008;
+  option (complex_opt2).(garply).foo = 741;
+  option (complex_opt2).(garply).(.protobuf_unittest.quux) = 1998;
+  option (complex_opt2).(protobuf_unittest.garply).(corge).qux = 2121;
+  option (ComplexOptionType2.ComplexOptionType4.complex_opt4).waldo = 1971;
+  option (complex_opt2).fred.waldo = 321;
+  option (complex_opt2).barney = { waldo: 101 };
+  option (complex_opt2).barney = { waldo: 212 };
+  option (protobuf_unittest.complex_opt3).qux = 9;
+  option (complex_opt3).complexoptiontype5.plugh = 22;
+  option (complexopt6).xyzzy = 24;
+}
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------
+// Definitions for testing aggregate option parsing.
+// See descriptor_unittest.cc.
+
+message AggregateMessageSet {
+  option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  extensions 4 to max;
+}
+
+message AggregateMessageSetElement {
+  extend AggregateMessageSet {
+    optional AggregateMessageSetElement message_set_extension = 15447542;
+  }
+  optional string s = 1;
+}
+
+// A helper type used to test aggregate option parsing
+message Aggregate {
+  optional int32 i = 1;
+  optional string s = 2;
+
+  // A nested object
+  optional Aggregate sub = 3;
+
+  // To test the parsing of extensions inside aggregate values
+  optional google.protobuf.FileOptions file = 4;
+  extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+    optional Aggregate nested = 15476903;
+  }
+
+  // An embedded message set
+  optional AggregateMessageSet mset = 5;
+}
+
+// Allow Aggregate to be used as an option at all possible locations
+// in the .proto grammer.
+extend google.protobuf.FileOptions      { optional Aggregate fileopt    = 15478479; }
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions   { optional Aggregate msgopt     = 15480088; }
+extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions     { optional Aggregate fieldopt   = 15481374; }
+extend google.protobuf.EnumOptions      { optional Aggregate enumopt    = 15483218; }
+extend google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions { optional Aggregate enumvalopt = 15486921; }
+extend google.protobuf.ServiceOptions   { optional Aggregate serviceopt = 15497145; }
+extend google.protobuf.MethodOptions    { optional Aggregate methodopt  = 15512713; }
+
+// Try using AggregateOption at different points in the proto grammar
+option (fileopt) = {
+  s: 'FileAnnotation'
+  // Also test the handling of comments
+  /* of both types */ i: 100
+
+  sub { s: 'NestedFileAnnotation' }
+
+  // Include a google.protobuf.FileOptions and recursively extend it with
+  // another fileopt.
+  file {
+    [protobuf_unittest.fileopt] {
+      s:'FileExtensionAnnotation'
+    }
+  }
+
+  // A message set inside an option value
+  mset {
+    [protobuf_unittest.AggregateMessageSetElement.message_set_extension] {
+      s: 'EmbeddedMessageSetElement'
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+message AggregateMessage {
+  option (msgopt) = { i:101 s:'MessageAnnotation' };
+  optional int32 fieldname = 1 [(fieldopt) = { s:'FieldAnnotation' }];
+}
+
+service AggregateService {
+  option (serviceopt) = { s:'ServiceAnnotation' };
+  rpc Method (AggregateMessage) returns (AggregateMessage) {
+    option (methodopt) = { s:'MethodAnnotation' };
+  }
+}
+
+enum AggregateEnum {
+  option (enumopt) = { s:'EnumAnnotation' };
+  VALUE = 1 [(enumvalopt) = { s:'EnumValueAnnotation' }];
+}
+
+// Test custom options for nested type.
+message NestedOptionType {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    option (message_opt1) = 1001;
+    optional int32 nested_field = 1 [(field_opt1) = 1002];
+  }
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    option (enum_opt1) = 1003;
+    NESTED_ENUM_VALUE = 1 [(enum_value_opt1) = 1004];
+  }
+  extend google.protobuf.FileOptions {
+    optional int32 nested_extension = 7912573 [(field_opt2) = 1005];
+  }
+}
+
+// Custom message option that has a required enum field.
+// WARNING: this is strongly discouraged!
+message OldOptionType {
+  enum TestEnum {
+    OLD_VALUE = 0;
+  }
+  required TestEnum value = 1;
+}
+
+// Updated version of the custom option above.
+message NewOptionType {
+  enum TestEnum {
+    OLD_VALUE = 0;
+    NEW_VALUE = 1;
+  }
+  required TestEnum value = 1;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  optional OldOptionType required_enum_opt = 106161807;
+}
+
+// Test message using the "required_enum_opt" option defined above.
+message TestMessageWithRequiredEnumOption {
+  option (required_enum_opt) = { value: OLD_VALUE };
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_drop_unknown_fields.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_drop_unknown_fields.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8aa3a37b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_drop_unknown_fields.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package unittest_drop_unknown_fields;
+option objc_class_prefix = "DropUnknowns";
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+
+message Foo {
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+  }
+  int32 int32_value = 1;
+  NestedEnum enum_value = 2;
+}
+
+message FooWithExtraFields {
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+    QUX = 3;
+  }
+  int32 int32_value = 1;
+  NestedEnum enum_value = 2;
+  int32 extra_int32_value = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8b0f9b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file which imports a proto file that uses optimize_for = CODE_SIZE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// We optimize for speed here, but we are importing a proto that is optimized
+// for code size.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+message TestEmbedOptimizedForSize {
+  // Test that embedding a message which has optimize_for = CODE_SIZE into
+  // one optimized for speed works.
+  optional TestOptimizedForSize optional_message = 1;
+  repeated TestOptimizedForSize repeated_message = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_empty.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_empty.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36443e7e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_empty.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file intentionally left blank.  (At one point this wouldn't compile
+// correctly.)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c700a273b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,1048 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file that has an extremely large descriptor.  Used to test that
+// descriptors over 64k don't break language-specific limits in generated code,
+// such as the string literal length limit in Java.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+
+// Avoid generating insanely long methods.
+option optimize_for = CODE_SIZE;
+
+message TestEnormousDescriptor {
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_1 = 1 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_2 = 2 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_3 = 3 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_4 = 4 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_5 = 5 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_6 = 6 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_7 = 7 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_8 = 8 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_9 = 9 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_10 = 10 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_11 = 11 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_12 = 12 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_13 = 13 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_14 = 14 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_15 = 15 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_16 = 16 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_17 = 17 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_18 = 18 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_19 = 19 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_20 = 20 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_21 = 21 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_22 = 22 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_23 = 23 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_24 = 24 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_25 = 25 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_26 = 26 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_27 = 27 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_28 = 28 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_29 = 29 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_30 = 30 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_31 = 31 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_32 = 32 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_33 = 33 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_34 = 34 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_35 = 35 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_36 = 36 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_37 = 37 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_38 = 38 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_39 = 39 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_40 = 40 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_41 = 41 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_42 = 42 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_43 = 43 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_44 = 44 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_45 = 45 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_46 = 46 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_47 = 47 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_48 = 48 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_49 = 49 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_50 = 50 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_51 = 51 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_52 = 52 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_53 = 53 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_54 = 54 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_55 = 55 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_56 = 56 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_57 = 57 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_58 = 58 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_59 = 59 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_60 = 60 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_61 = 61 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_62 = 62 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_63 = 63 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_64 = 64 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_65 = 65 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_66 = 66 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_67 = 67 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_68 = 68 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_69 = 69 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_70 = 70 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_71 = 71 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_72 = 72 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_73 = 73 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_74 = 74 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_75 = 75 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_76 = 76 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_77 = 77 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_78 = 78 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_79 = 79 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_80 = 80 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_81 = 81 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_82 = 82 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_83 = 83 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_84 = 84 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_85 = 85 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_86 = 86 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_87 = 87 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_88 = 88 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_89 = 89 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_90 = 90 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_91 = 91 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_92 = 92 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_93 = 93 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_94 = 94 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_95 = 95 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_96 = 96 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_97 = 97 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_98 = 98 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_99 = 99 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_100 = 100 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_101 = 101 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_102 = 102 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_103 = 103 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_104 = 104 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_105 = 105 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_106 = 106 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_107 = 107 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_108 = 108 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_109 = 109 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_110 = 110 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_111 = 111 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_112 = 112 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_113 = 113 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_114 = 114 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_115 = 115 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_116 = 116 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_117 = 117 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_118 = 118 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_119 = 119 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_120 = 120 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_121 = 121 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_122 = 122 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_123 = 123 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_124 = 124 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_125 = 125 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_126 = 126 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_127 = 127 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_128 = 128 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_129 = 129 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_130 = 130 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_131 = 131 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_132 = 132 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_133 = 133 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_134 = 134 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_135 = 135 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_136 = 136 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_137 = 137 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_138 = 138 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_139 = 139 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_140 = 140 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_141 = 141 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_142 = 142 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_143 = 143 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_144 = 144 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_145 = 145 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_146 = 146 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_147 = 147 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_148 = 148 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_149 = 149 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_150 = 150 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_151 = 151 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_152 = 152 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_153 = 153 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_154 = 154 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_155 = 155 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_156 = 156 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_157 = 157 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_158 = 158 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_159 = 159 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_160 = 160 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_161 = 161 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_162 = 162 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_163 = 163 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_164 = 164 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_165 = 165 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_166 = 166 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_167 = 167 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_168 = 168 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_169 = 169 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_170 = 170 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_171 = 171 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_172 = 172 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_173 = 173 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_174 = 174 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_175 = 175 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_176 = 176 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_177 = 177 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_178 = 178 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_179 = 179 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_180 = 180 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_181 = 181 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_182 = 182 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_183 = 183 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_184 = 184 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_185 = 185 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_186 = 186 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_187 = 187 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_188 = 188 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_189 = 189 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_190 = 190 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_191 = 191 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_192 = 192 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_193 = 193 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_194 = 194 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_195 = 195 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_196 = 196 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_197 = 197 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_198 = 198 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_199 = 199 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_200 = 200 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_201 = 201 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_202 = 202 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_203 = 203 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_204 = 204 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_205 = 205 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_206 = 206 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_207 = 207 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_208 = 208 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_209 = 209 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_210 = 210 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_211 = 211 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_212 = 212 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_213 = 213 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_214 = 214 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_215 = 215 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_216 = 216 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_217 = 217 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_218 = 218 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_219 = 219 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_220 = 220 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_221 = 221 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_222 = 222 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_223 = 223 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_224 = 224 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_225 = 225 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_226 = 226 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_227 = 227 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_228 = 228 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_229 = 229 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_230 = 230 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_231 = 231 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_232 = 232 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_233 = 233 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_234 = 234 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_235 = 235 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_236 = 236 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_237 = 237 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_238 = 238 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_239 = 239 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_240 = 240 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_241 = 241 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_242 = 242 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_243 = 243 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_244 = 244 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_245 = 245 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_246 = 246 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_247 = 247 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_248 = 248 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_249 = 249 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_250 = 250 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_251 = 251 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_252 = 252 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_253 = 253 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_254 = 254 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_255 = 255 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_256 = 256 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_257 = 257 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_258 = 258 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_259 = 259 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_260 = 260 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_261 = 261 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_262 = 262 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_263 = 263 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_264 = 264 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_265 = 265 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_266 = 266 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_267 = 267 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_268 = 268 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_269 = 269 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_270 = 270 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_271 = 271 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_272 = 272 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_273 = 273 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_274 = 274 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_275 = 275 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_276 = 276 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_277 = 277 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_278 = 278 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_279 = 279 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_280 = 280 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_281 = 281 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_282 = 282 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_283 = 283 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_284 = 284 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_285 = 285 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_286 = 286 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_287 = 287 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_288 = 288 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_289 = 289 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_290 = 290 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_291 = 291 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_292 = 292 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_293 = 293 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_294 = 294 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_295 = 295 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_296 = 296 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_297 = 297 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_298 = 298 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_299 = 299 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_300 = 300 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_301 = 301 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_302 = 302 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_303 = 303 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_304 = 304 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_305 = 305 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_306 = 306 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_307 = 307 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_308 = 308 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_309 = 309 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_310 = 310 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_311 = 311 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_312 = 312 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_313 = 313 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_314 = 314 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_315 = 315 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_316 = 316 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_317 = 317 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_318 = 318 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_319 = 319 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_320 = 320 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_321 = 321 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_322 = 322 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_323 = 323 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_324 = 324 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_325 = 325 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_326 = 326 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_327 = 327 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_328 = 328 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_329 = 329 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_330 = 330 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_331 = 331 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_332 = 332 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_333 = 333 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_334 = 334 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_335 = 335 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_336 = 336 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_337 = 337 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_338 = 338 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_339 = 339 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_340 = 340 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_341 = 341 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_342 = 342 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_343 = 343 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_344 = 344 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_345 = 345 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_346 = 346 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_347 = 347 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_348 = 348 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_349 = 349 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_350 = 350 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_351 = 351 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_352 = 352 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_353 = 353 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_354 = 354 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_355 = 355 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_356 = 356 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_357 = 357 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_358 = 358 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_359 = 359 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_360 = 360 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_361 = 361 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_362 = 362 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_363 = 363 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_364 = 364 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_365 = 365 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_366 = 366 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_367 = 367 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_368 = 368 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_369 = 369 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_370 = 370 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_371 = 371 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_372 = 372 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_373 = 373 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_374 = 374 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_375 = 375 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_376 = 376 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_377 = 377 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_378 = 378 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_379 = 379 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_380 = 380 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_381 = 381 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_382 = 382 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_383 = 383 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_384 = 384 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_385 = 385 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_386 = 386 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_387 = 387 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_388 = 388 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_389 = 389 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_390 = 390 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_391 = 391 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_392 = 392 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_393 = 393 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_394 = 394 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_395 = 395 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_396 = 396 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_397 = 397 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_398 = 398 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_399 = 399 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_400 = 400 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_401 = 401 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_402 = 402 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_403 = 403 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_404 = 404 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_405 = 405 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_406 = 406 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_407 = 407 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_408 = 408 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_409 = 409 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_410 = 410 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_411 = 411 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_412 = 412 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_413 = 413 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_414 = 414 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_415 = 415 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_416 = 416 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_417 = 417 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_418 = 418 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_419 = 419 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_420 = 420 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_421 = 421 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_422 = 422 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_423 = 423 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_424 = 424 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_425 = 425 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_426 = 426 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_427 = 427 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_428 = 428 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_429 = 429 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_430 = 430 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_431 = 431 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_432 = 432 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_433 = 433 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_434 = 434 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_435 = 435 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_436 = 436 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_437 = 437 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_438 = 438 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_439 = 439 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_440 = 440 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_441 = 441 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_442 = 442 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_443 = 443 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_444 = 444 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_445 = 445 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_446 = 446 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_447 = 447 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_448 = 448 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_449 = 449 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_450 = 450 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_451 = 451 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_452 = 452 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_453 = 453 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_454 = 454 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_455 = 455 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_456 = 456 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_457 = 457 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_458 = 458 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_459 = 459 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_460 = 460 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_461 = 461 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_462 = 462 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_463 = 463 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_464 = 464 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_465 = 465 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_466 = 466 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_467 = 467 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_468 = 468 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_469 = 469 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_470 = 470 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_471 = 471 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_472 = 472 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_473 = 473 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_474 = 474 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_475 = 475 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_476 = 476 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_477 = 477 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_478 = 478 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_479 = 479 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_480 = 480 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_481 = 481 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_482 = 482 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_483 = 483 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_484 = 484 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_485 = 485 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_486 = 486 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_487 = 487 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_488 = 488 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_489 = 489 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_490 = 490 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_491 = 491 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_492 = 492 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_493 = 493 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_494 = 494 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_495 = 495 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_496 = 496 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_497 = 497 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_498 = 498 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_499 = 499 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_500 = 500 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_501 = 501 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_502 = 502 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_503 = 503 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_504 = 504 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_505 = 505 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_506 = 506 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_507 = 507 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_508 = 508 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_509 = 509 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_510 = 510 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_511 = 511 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_512 = 512 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_513 = 513 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_514 = 514 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_515 = 515 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_516 = 516 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_517 = 517 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_518 = 518 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_519 = 519 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_520 = 520 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_521 = 521 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_522 = 522 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_523 = 523 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_524 = 524 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_525 = 525 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_526 = 526 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_527 = 527 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_528 = 528 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_529 = 529 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_530 = 530 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_531 = 531 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_532 = 532 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_533 = 533 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_534 = 534 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_535 = 535 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_536 = 536 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_537 = 537 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_538 = 538 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_539 = 539 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_540 = 540 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_541 = 541 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_542 = 542 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_543 = 543 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_544 = 544 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_545 = 545 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_546 = 546 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_547 = 547 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_548 = 548 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_549 = 549 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_550 = 550 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_551 = 551 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_552 = 552 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_553 = 553 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_554 = 554 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_555 = 555 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_556 = 556 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_557 = 557 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_558 = 558 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_559 = 559 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_560 = 560 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_561 = 561 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_562 = 562 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_563 = 563 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_564 = 564 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_565 = 565 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_566 = 566 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_567 = 567 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_568 = 568 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_569 = 569 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_570 = 570 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_571 = 571 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_572 = 572 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_573 = 573 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_574 = 574 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_575 = 575 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_576 = 576 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_577 = 577 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_578 = 578 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_579 = 579 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_580 = 580 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_581 = 581 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_582 = 582 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_583 = 583 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_584 = 584 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_585 = 585 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_586 = 586 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_587 = 587 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_588 = 588 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_589 = 589 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_590 = 590 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_591 = 591 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_592 = 592 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_593 = 593 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_594 = 594 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_595 = 595 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_596 = 596 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_597 = 597 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_598 = 598 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_599 = 599 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_600 = 600 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_601 = 601 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_602 = 602 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_603 = 603 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_604 = 604 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_605 = 605 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_606 = 606 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_607 = 607 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_608 = 608 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_609 = 609 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_610 = 610 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_611 = 611 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_612 = 612 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_613 = 613 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_614 = 614 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_615 = 615 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_616 = 616 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_617 = 617 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_618 = 618 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_619 = 619 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_620 = 620 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_621 = 621 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_622 = 622 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_623 = 623 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_624 = 624 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_625 = 625 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_626 = 626 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_627 = 627 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_628 = 628 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_629 = 629 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_630 = 630 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_631 = 631 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_632 = 632 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_633 = 633 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_634 = 634 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_635 = 635 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_636 = 636 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_637 = 637 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_638 = 638 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_639 = 639 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_640 = 640 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_641 = 641 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_642 = 642 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_643 = 643 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_644 = 644 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_645 = 645 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_646 = 646 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_647 = 647 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_648 = 648 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_649 = 649 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_650 = 650 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_651 = 651 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_652 = 652 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_653 = 653 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_654 = 654 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_655 = 655 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_656 = 656 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_657 = 657 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_658 = 658 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_659 = 659 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_660 = 660 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_661 = 661 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_662 = 662 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_663 = 663 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_664 = 664 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_665 = 665 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_666 = 666 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_667 = 667 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_668 = 668 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_669 = 669 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_670 = 670 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_671 = 671 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_672 = 672 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_673 = 673 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_674 = 674 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_675 = 675 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_676 = 676 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_677 = 677 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_678 = 678 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_679 = 679 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_680 = 680 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_681 = 681 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_682 = 682 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_683 = 683 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_684 = 684 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_685 = 685 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_686 = 686 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_687 = 687 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_688 = 688 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_689 = 689 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_690 = 690 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_691 = 691 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_692 = 692 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_693 = 693 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_694 = 694 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_695 = 695 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_696 = 696 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_697 = 697 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_698 = 698 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_699 = 699 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_700 = 700 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_701 = 701 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_702 = 702 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_703 = 703 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_704 = 704 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_705 = 705 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_706 = 706 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_707 = 707 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_708 = 708 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_709 = 709 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_710 = 710 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_711 = 711 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_712 = 712 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_713 = 713 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_714 = 714 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_715 = 715 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_716 = 716 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_717 = 717 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_718 = 718 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_719 = 719 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_720 = 720 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_721 = 721 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_722 = 722 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_723 = 723 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_724 = 724 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_725 = 725 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_726 = 726 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_727 = 727 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_728 = 728 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_729 = 729 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_730 = 730 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_731 = 731 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_732 = 732 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_733 = 733 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_734 = 734 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_735 = 735 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_736 = 736 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_737 = 737 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_738 = 738 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_739 = 739 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_740 = 740 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_741 = 741 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_742 = 742 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_743 = 743 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_744 = 744 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_745 = 745 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_746 = 746 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_747 = 747 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_748 = 748 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_749 = 749 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_750 = 750 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_751 = 751 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_752 = 752 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_753 = 753 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_754 = 754 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_755 = 755 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_756 = 756 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_757 = 757 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_758 = 758 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_759 = 759 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_760 = 760 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_761 = 761 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_762 = 762 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_763 = 763 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_764 = 764 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_765 = 765 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_766 = 766 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_767 = 767 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_768 = 768 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_769 = 769 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_770 = 770 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_771 = 771 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_772 = 772 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_773 = 773 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_774 = 774 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_775 = 775 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_776 = 776 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_777 = 777 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_778 = 778 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_779 = 779 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_780 = 780 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_781 = 781 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_782 = 782 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_783 = 783 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_784 = 784 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_785 = 785 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_786 = 786 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_787 = 787 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_788 = 788 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_789 = 789 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_790 = 790 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_791 = 791 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_792 = 792 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_793 = 793 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_794 = 794 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_795 = 795 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_796 = 796 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_797 = 797 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_798 = 798 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_799 = 799 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_800 = 800 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_801 = 801 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_802 = 802 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_803 = 803 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_804 = 804 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_805 = 805 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_806 = 806 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_807 = 807 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_808 = 808 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_809 = 809 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_810 = 810 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_811 = 811 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_812 = 812 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_813 = 813 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_814 = 814 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_815 = 815 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_816 = 816 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_817 = 817 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_818 = 818 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_819 = 819 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_820 = 820 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_821 = 821 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_822 = 822 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_823 = 823 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_824 = 824 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_825 = 825 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_826 = 826 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_827 = 827 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_828 = 828 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_829 = 829 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_830 = 830 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_831 = 831 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_832 = 832 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_833 = 833 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_834 = 834 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_835 = 835 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_836 = 836 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_837 = 837 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_838 = 838 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_839 = 839 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_840 = 840 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_841 = 841 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_842 = 842 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_843 = 843 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_844 = 844 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_845 = 845 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_846 = 846 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_847 = 847 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_848 = 848 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_849 = 849 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_850 = 850 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_851 = 851 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_852 = 852 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_853 = 853 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_854 = 854 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_855 = 855 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_856 = 856 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_857 = 857 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_858 = 858 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_859 = 859 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_860 = 860 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_861 = 861 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_862 = 862 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_863 = 863 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_864 = 864 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_865 = 865 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_866 = 866 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_867 = 867 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_868 = 868 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_869 = 869 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_870 = 870 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_871 = 871 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_872 = 872 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_873 = 873 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_874 = 874 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_875 = 875 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_876 = 876 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_877 = 877 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_878 = 878 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_879 = 879 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_880 = 880 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_881 = 881 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_882 = 882 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_883 = 883 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_884 = 884 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_885 = 885 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_886 = 886 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_887 = 887 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_888 = 888 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_889 = 889 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_890 = 890 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_891 = 891 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_892 = 892 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_893 = 893 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_894 = 894 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_895 = 895 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_896 = 896 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_897 = 897 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_898 = 898 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_899 = 899 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_900 = 900 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_901 = 901 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_902 = 902 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_903 = 903 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_904 = 904 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_905 = 905 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_906 = 906 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_907 = 907 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_908 = 908 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_909 = 909 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_910 = 910 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_911 = 911 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_912 = 912 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_913 = 913 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_914 = 914 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_915 = 915 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_916 = 916 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_917 = 917 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_918 = 918 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_919 = 919 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_920 = 920 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_921 = 921 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_922 = 922 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_923 = 923 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_924 = 924 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_925 = 925 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_926 = 926 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_927 = 927 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_928 = 928 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_929 = 929 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_930 = 930 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_931 = 931 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_932 = 932 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_933 = 933 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_934 = 934 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_935 = 935 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_936 = 936 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_937 = 937 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_938 = 938 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_939 = 939 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_940 = 940 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_941 = 941 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_942 = 942 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_943 = 943 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_944 = 944 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_945 = 945 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_946 = 946 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_947 = 947 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_948 = 948 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_949 = 949 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_950 = 950 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_951 = 951 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_952 = 952 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_953 = 953 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_954 = 954 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_955 = 955 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_956 = 956 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_957 = 957 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_958 = 958 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_959 = 959 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_960 = 960 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_961 = 961 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_962 = 962 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_963 = 963 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_964 = 964 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_965 = 965 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_966 = 966 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_967 = 967 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_968 = 968 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_969 = 969 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_970 = 970 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_971 = 971 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_972 = 972 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_973 = 973 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_974 = 974 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_975 = 975 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_976 = 976 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_977 = 977 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_978 = 978 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_979 = 979 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_980 = 980 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_981 = 981 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_982 = 982 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_983 = 983 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_984 = 984 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_985 = 985 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_986 = 986 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_987 = 987 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_988 = 988 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_989 = 989 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_990 = 990 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_991 = 991 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_992 = 992 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_993 = 993 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_994 = 994 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_995 = 995 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_996 = 996 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_997 = 997 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_998 = 998 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_999 = 999 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+  optional string long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_1000 = 1000 [default="long default value is also loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong"];
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d03e3888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file which is imported by unittest.proto to test importing.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do
+// "using namespace unittest_import = protobuf_unittest_import".
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+// Exercise the java_package option.
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+
+// Do not set a java_outer_classname here to verify that Proto2 works without
+// one.
+
+// Test public import
+import public "google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto";
+
+message ImportMessage {
+  optional int32 d = 1;
+}
+
+enum ImportEnum {
+  IMPORT_FOO = 7;
+  IMPORT_BAR = 8;
+  IMPORT_BAZ = 9;
+}
+
+
+// To use an enum in a map, it must has the first value as 0.
+enum ImportEnumForMap {
+  UNKNOWN = 0;
+  FOO = 1;
+  BAR = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7afa4523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// This is like unittest_import.proto but with optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+
+import public "google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto";
+
+message ImportMessageLite {
+  optional int32 d = 1;
+}
+
+enum ImportEnumLite {
+  IMPORT_LITE_FOO = 7;
+  IMPORT_LITE_BAR = 8;
+  IMPORT_LITE_BAZ = 9;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffaf77369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+
+message PublicImportMessage {
+  optional int32 e = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33549c227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+
+message PublicImportMessageLite {
+  optional int32 e = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f5efd2aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: trafacz@google.com (Todd Rafacz)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file we will use for unit testing.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_custom_option.proto";
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true; // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest.lazy_imports;
+
+// Protos optimized for SPEED use a strict superset of the generated code
+// of equivalent ones optimized for CODE_SIZE, so we should optimize all our
+// tests for speed unless explicitly testing code size optimization.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option java_outer_classname = "UnittestLazyImportsProto";
+
+// The following are used to test that the proto file
+// with the definition of the following field types is
+// not built when this proto file is built. Then test
+// that calling message_type() etc will build the correct
+// descriptor lazily and return it.
+
+message ImportedMessage {
+  optional LazyMessage lazy_message = 1;
+}
+
+message MessageCustomOption {
+}
+
+message MessageCustomOption2 {
+  option (lazy_enum_option) = LAZY_ENUM_0;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_custom_option.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_custom_option.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22438257d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_custom_option.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: trafacz@google.com (Todd Rafacz)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file we will use for unit testing.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_enum.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true; // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest.lazy_imports;
+
+// Protos optimized for SPEED use a strict superset of the generated code
+// of equivalent ones optimized for CODE_SIZE, so we should optimize all our
+// tests for speed unless explicitly testing code size optimization.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option java_outer_classname = "UnittestLazyImportsCustomOptionProto";
+
+message LazyMessage {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+}
+
+extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
+  optional LazyEnum lazy_enum_option = 138596335 [default = LAZY_ENUM_1];
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_enum.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_enum.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9be64d858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lazy_dependencies_enum.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: trafacz@google.com (Todd Rafacz)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file we will use for unit testing.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true; // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest.lazy_imports;
+
+// Protos optimized for SPEED use a strict superset of the generated code
+// of equivalent ones optimized for CODE_SIZE, so we should optimize all our
+// tests for speed unless explicitly testing code size optimization.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option java_outer_classname = "UnittestLazyImportsEnumProto";
+
+enum LazyEnum {
+  LAZY_ENUM_0 = 0;
+  LAZY_ENUM_1 = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..979c8416b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// This is like unittest.proto but with optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import_lite.proto";
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+
+// Same as TestAllTypes but with the lite runtime.
+message TestAllTypesLite {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    optional int32 bb = 1;
+    optional int64 cc = 2;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  optional int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  optional uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  optional uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  optional sint32 optional_sint32 = 5;
+  optional sint64 optional_sint64 = 6;
+  optional fixed32 optional_fixed32 = 7;
+  optional fixed64 optional_fixed64 = 8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 = 9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional float optional_float = 11;
+  optional double optional_double = 12;
+  optional bool optional_bool = 13;
+  optional string optional_string = 14;
+  optional bytes optional_bytes = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage optional_nested_message = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessageLite optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessageLite optional_import_message =
+      20;
+
+  optional NestedEnum optional_nested_enum = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnumLite optional_foreign_enum = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite optional_import_enum = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord = 25 [ctype = CORD];
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessageLite
+      optional_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  optional NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy = true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 31;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 32;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 33;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 34;
+  repeated sint32 repeated_sint32 = 35;
+  repeated sint64 repeated_sint64 = 36;
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 37;
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 41;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 42;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 43;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 44;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_nested_message = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessageLite repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessageLite repeated_import_message =
+      50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnumLite repeated_foreign_enum = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite repeated_import_enum = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype = CORD];
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message = 57 [lazy = true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional int32 default_int32 = 61 [default = 41];
+  optional int64 default_int64 = 62 [default = 42];
+  optional uint32 default_uint32 = 63 [default = 43];
+  optional uint64 default_uint64 = 64 [default = 44];
+  optional sint32 default_sint32 = 65 [default = -45];
+  optional sint64 default_sint64 = 66 [default = 46];
+  optional fixed32 default_fixed32 = 67 [default = 47];
+  optional fixed64 default_fixed64 = 68 [default = 48];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32 = 69 [default = 49];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64 = 70 [default = -50];
+  optional float default_float = 71 [default = 51.5];
+  optional double default_double = 72 [default = 52e3];
+  optional bool default_bool = 73 [default = true];
+  optional string default_string = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional bytes default_bytes = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional NestedEnum default_nested_enum = 81 [default = BAR];
+  optional ForeignEnumLite default_foreign_enum = 82
+      [default = FOREIGN_LITE_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite default_import_enum = 83
+      [default = IMPORT_LITE_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece = 84
+      [ctype = STRING_PIECE, default = "abc"];
+  optional string default_cord = 85 [ctype = CORD, default = "123"];
+
+  // For oneof test
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+    NestedMessage oneof_lazy_nested_message = 115 [lazy = true];
+  }
+
+  // Tests toString for non-repeated fields with a list suffix
+  optional int32 deceptively_named_list = 116;
+}
+
+message ForeignMessageLite {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnumLite {
+  FOREIGN_LITE_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_LITE_BAZ = 6;
+  FOREIGN_LITE_BAR = 5;
+}
+
+message TestPackedTypesLite {
+  repeated int32 packed_int32 = 90 [packed = true];
+  repeated int64 packed_int64 = 91 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32 packed_uint32 = 92 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64 packed_uint64 = 93 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32 packed_sint32 = 94 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64 packed_sint64 = 95 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed32 packed_fixed32 = 96 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed64 packed_fixed64 = 97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 = 98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 = 99 [packed = true];
+  repeated float packed_float = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated double packed_double = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool packed_bool = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnumLite packed_enum = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestAllExtensionsLite {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestAllExtensionsLite {
+  // Singular
+  optional int32 optional_int32_extension_lite = 1;
+  optional int64 optional_int64_extension_lite = 2;
+  optional uint32 optional_uint32_extension_lite = 3;
+  optional uint64 optional_uint64_extension_lite = 4;
+  optional sint32 optional_sint32_extension_lite = 5;
+  optional sint64 optional_sint64_extension_lite = 6;
+  optional fixed32 optional_fixed32_extension_lite = 7;
+  optional fixed64 optional_fixed64_extension_lite = 8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32_extension_lite = 9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64_extension_lite = 10;
+  optional float optional_float_extension_lite = 11;
+  optional double optional_double_extension_lite = 12;
+  optional bool optional_bool_extension_lite = 13;
+  optional string optional_string_extension_lite = 14;
+  optional bytes optional_bytes_extension_lite = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup_extension_lite = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage
+      optional_nested_message_extension_lite = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessageLite optional_foreign_message_extension_lite = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessageLite
+      optional_import_message_extension_lite = 20;
+
+  optional TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum optional_nested_enum_extension_lite = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnumLite optional_foreign_enum_extension_lite = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite
+      optional_import_enum_extension_lite = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece_extension_lite = 24
+      [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord_extension_lite = 25 [ctype = CORD];
+
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessageLite
+      optional_public_import_message_extension_lite = 26;
+
+  optional TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage optional_lazy_message_extension_lite =
+      27 [lazy = true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32_extension_lite = 31;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64_extension_lite = 32;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32_extension_lite = 33;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64_extension_lite = 34;
+  repeated sint32 repeated_sint32_extension_lite = 35;
+  repeated sint64 repeated_sint64_extension_lite = 36;
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32_extension_lite = 37;
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64_extension_lite = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32_extension_lite = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64_extension_lite = 40;
+  repeated float repeated_float_extension_lite = 41;
+  repeated double repeated_double_extension_lite = 42;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool_extension_lite = 43;
+  repeated string repeated_string_extension_lite = 44;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes_extension_lite = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup_extension_lite = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage
+      repeated_nested_message_extension_lite = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessageLite repeated_foreign_message_extension_lite = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessageLite
+      repeated_import_message_extension_lite = 50;
+
+  repeated TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum_extension_lite = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnumLite repeated_foreign_enum_extension_lite = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite
+      repeated_import_enum_extension_lite = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece_extension_lite = 54
+      [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord_extension_lite = 55 [ctype = CORD];
+
+  repeated TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message_extension_lite =
+      57 [lazy = true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional int32 default_int32_extension_lite = 61 [default = 41];
+  optional int64 default_int64_extension_lite = 62 [default = 42];
+  optional uint32 default_uint32_extension_lite = 63 [default = 43];
+  optional uint64 default_uint64_extension_lite = 64 [default = 44];
+  optional sint32 default_sint32_extension_lite = 65 [default = -45];
+  optional sint64 default_sint64_extension_lite = 66 [default = 46];
+  optional fixed32 default_fixed32_extension_lite = 67 [default = 47];
+  optional fixed64 default_fixed64_extension_lite = 68 [default = 48];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32_extension_lite = 69 [default = 49];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64_extension_lite = 70 [default = -50];
+  optional float default_float_extension_lite = 71 [default = 51.5];
+  optional double default_double_extension_lite = 72 [default = 52e3];
+  optional bool default_bool_extension_lite = 73 [default = true];
+  optional string default_string_extension_lite = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional bytes default_bytes_extension_lite = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional TestAllTypesLite.NestedEnum default_nested_enum_extension_lite = 81
+      [default = BAR];
+  optional ForeignEnumLite default_foreign_enum_extension_lite = 82
+      [default = FOREIGN_LITE_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnumLite
+      default_import_enum_extension_lite = 83 [default = IMPORT_LITE_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece_extension_lite = 84
+      [ctype = STRING_PIECE, default = "abc"];
+  optional string default_cord_extension_lite = 85
+      [ctype = CORD, default = "123"];
+
+  // For oneof test
+  optional uint32 oneof_uint32_extension_lite = 111;
+  optional TestAllTypesLite.NestedMessage oneof_nested_message_extension_lite =
+      112;
+  optional string oneof_string_extension_lite = 113;
+  optional bytes oneof_bytes_extension_lite = 114;
+}
+
+message TestPackedExtensionsLite {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+extend TestPackedExtensionsLite {
+  repeated int32 packed_int32_extension_lite = 90 [packed = true];
+  repeated int64 packed_int64_extension_lite = 91 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32 packed_uint32_extension_lite = 92 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64 packed_uint64_extension_lite = 93 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32 packed_sint32_extension_lite = 94 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64 packed_sint64_extension_lite = 95 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed32 packed_fixed32_extension_lite = 96 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed64 packed_fixed64_extension_lite = 97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32_extension_lite = 98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64_extension_lite = 99 [packed = true];
+  repeated float packed_float_extension_lite = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated double packed_double_extension_lite = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool packed_bool_extension_lite = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnumLite packed_enum_extension_lite = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message TestNestedExtensionLite {
+  extend TestAllExtensionsLite {
+    optional int32 nested_extension = 12345;
+  }
+}
+
+// Test that deprecated fields work.  We only verify that they compile (at one
+// point this failed).
+message TestDeprecatedLite {
+  optional int32 deprecated_field = 1 [deprecated = true];
+  required int32 deprecated_field2 = 2 [deprecated = true];
+  optional string deprecated_field3 = 3 [deprecated = true];
+  optional TestDeprecatedLite deprecated_field4 = 4 [deprecated = true];
+}
+
+// See the comments of the same type in unittest.proto.
+message TestParsingMergeLite {
+  message RepeatedFieldsGenerator {
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite field1 = 1;
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite field2 = 2;
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite field3 = 3;
+    repeated group Group1 = 10 {
+      optional TestAllTypesLite field1 = 11;
+    }
+    repeated group Group2 = 20 {
+      optional TestAllTypesLite field1 = 21;
+    }
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite ext1 = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite ext2 = 1001;
+  }
+  required TestAllTypesLite required_all_types = 1;
+  optional TestAllTypesLite optional_all_types = 2;
+  repeated TestAllTypesLite repeated_all_types = 3;
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 10 {
+    optional TestAllTypesLite optional_group_all_types = 11;
+  }
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 20 {
+    optional TestAllTypesLite repeated_group_all_types = 21;
+  }
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+  extend TestParsingMergeLite {
+    optional TestAllTypesLite optional_ext = 1000;
+    repeated TestAllTypesLite repeated_ext = 1001;
+  }
+}
+
+// TestEmptyMessageLite is used to test unknown fields support in lite mode.
+message TestEmptyMessageLite {}
+
+// Like above, but declare all field numbers as potential extensions.  No
+// actual extensions should ever be defined for this type.
+message TestEmptyMessageWithExtensionsLite {
+  extensions 1 to max;
+}
+
+enum V1EnumLite { V1_FIRST = 1; }
+
+enum V2EnumLite {
+  V2_FIRST = 1;
+  V2_SECOND = 2;
+}
+
+message V1MessageLite {
+  required int32 int_field = 1;
+  optional V1EnumLite enum_field = 2 [default = V1_FIRST];
+}
+
+message V2MessageLite {
+  required int32 int_field = 1;
+  optional V2EnumLite enum_field = 2 [default = V2_FIRST];
+}
+
+message TestHugeFieldNumbersLite {
+  optional int32 optional_int32 = 536870000;
+  optional int32 fixed_32 = 536870001;
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 536870002 [packed = false];
+  repeated int32 packed_int32 = 536870003 [packed = true];
+
+  optional ForeignEnumLite optional_enum = 536870004;
+  optional string optional_string = 536870005;
+  optional bytes optional_bytes = 536870006;
+  optional ForeignMessageLite optional_message = 536870007;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 536870008 {
+    optional int32 group_a = 536870009;
+  }
+
+  map<string, string> string_string_map = 536870010;
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 536870011;
+    TestAllTypesLite oneof_test_all_types = 536870012;
+    string oneof_string = 536870013;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 536870014;
+  }
+
+  extensions 536860000 to 536869999;
+}
+
+extend TestHugeFieldNumbersLite {
+  optional TestAllTypesLite test_all_types_lite = 536860000;
+}
+
+message TestOneofParsingLite {
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    int32 oneof_int32 = 1;
+    TestAllTypesLite oneof_submessage = 2;
+    string oneof_string = 3;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 4 [default = "default bytes"];
+    string oneof_string_cord = 5 [ctype = CORD, default = "default Cord"];
+    bytes oneof_bytes_cord = 6 [ctype = CORD];
+    string oneof_string_string_piece = 7 [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+    bytes oneof_bytes_string_piece = 8
+        [ctype = STRING_PIECE, default = "default StringPiece"];
+    V2EnumLite oneof_enum = 9;
+  }
+}
+
+// The following four messages are set up to test for wire compatibility between
+// packed and non-packed repeated fields. We use the field number 2048, because
+// that is large enough to require a 3-byte varint for the tag.
+message PackedInt32 {
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 2048 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message NonPackedInt32 {
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 2048;
+}
+
+message PackedFixed32 {
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 2048 [packed = true];
+}
+
+message NonPackedFixed32 {
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 2048;
+}
+
+// Test an enum that has multiple values with the same number.
+message DupEnum {
+  enum TestEnumWithDupValueLite {
+    option allow_alias = true;
+
+    FOO1 = 1;
+    BAR1 = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+    FOO2 = 1;
+    BAR2 = 2;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a470160a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//
+// Tests that a "lite" message can import a regular message.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+message TestLiteImportsNonlite {
+  optional TestAllTypes message = 1;
+
+  // Verifies that transitive required fields generates valid code.
+  optional TestRequired message_with_required = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e7a8c516
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_mset.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file is similar to unittest_mset_wire_format.proto, but does not
+// have a TestMessageSet, so it can be downgraded to proto1.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+message TestMessageSetContainer {
+  optional proto2_wireformat_unittest.TestMessageSet message_set = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetExtension1 {
+  extend proto2_wireformat_unittest.TestMessageSet {
+    optional TestMessageSetExtension1 message_set_extension = 1545008;
+  }
+  optional int32 i = 15;
+  optional proto2_wireformat_unittest.TestMessageSet recursive = 16;
+  optional string test_aliasing = 17 [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetExtension2 {
+  extend proto2_wireformat_unittest.TestMessageSet {
+    optional TestMessageSetExtension2 message_set_extension = 1547769;
+  }
+  optional string str = 25;
+}
+
+// This message was used to generate
+// //net/proto2/python/internal/testdata/message_set_message, but is commented
+// out since it must not actually exist in code, to simulate an "unknown"
+// extension.
+// message TestMessageSetUnknownExtension {
+//   extend TestMessageSet {
+//     optional TestMessageSetUnknownExtension message_set_extension = 56141421;
+//   }
+//   optional int64 a = 1;
+// }
+
+// MessageSet wire format is equivalent to this.
+message RawMessageSet {
+  repeated group Item = 1 {
+    required int32 type_id = 2;
+    required bytes message = 3;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04e4352e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file contains messages for testing message_set_wire_format.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+package proto2_wireformat_unittest;
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.ProtocolBuffers.TestProtos";
+
+// A message with message_set_wire_format.
+message TestMessageSet {
+  option message_set_wire_format = true;
+  extensions 4 to max;
+}
+
+message TestMessageSetWireFormatContainer {
+  optional TestMessageSet message_set = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..adc8656f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This proto file contains copies of TestAllTypes and friends, but with arena
+// support disabled in code generation. It allows us to test the performance
+// impact against baseline (non-arena) google.protobuf.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option cc_enable_arenas = false;
+option objc_class_prefix = "NOARN";
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_arena.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest_no_arena;
+
+// Protos optimized for SPEED use a strict superset of the generated code
+// of equivalent ones optimized for CODE_SIZE, so we should optimize all our
+// tests for speed unless explicitly testing code size optimization.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option java_outer_classname = "UnittestProto";
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    optional int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+    NEG = -1;  // Intentionally negative.
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+  optional   sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  optional    float optional_float    = 11;
+  optional   double optional_double   = 12;
+  optional     bool optional_bool     = 13;
+  optional   string optional_string   = 14;
+  optional    bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+    optional int32 a = 17;
+  }
+
+  optional NestedMessage                        optional_nested_message  = 18;
+  optional ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage optional_import_message  = 20;
+
+  optional NestedEnum                           optional_nested_enum     = 21;
+  optional ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    optional_import_enum     = 23;
+
+  optional string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  optional string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+      optional_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  optional NestedMessage optional_message = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+    optional int32 a = 47;
+  }
+
+  repeated NestedMessage                        repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage repeated_import_message  = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum                           repeated_nested_enum     = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    repeated_import_enum     = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Singular with defaults
+  optional    int32 default_int32    = 61 [default =  41    ];
+  optional    int64 default_int64    = 62 [default =  42    ];
+  optional   uint32 default_uint32   = 63 [default =  43    ];
+  optional   uint64 default_uint64   = 64 [default =  44    ];
+  optional   sint32 default_sint32   = 65 [default = -45    ];
+  optional   sint64 default_sint64   = 66 [default =  46    ];
+  optional  fixed32 default_fixed32  = 67 [default =  47    ];
+  optional  fixed64 default_fixed64  = 68 [default =  48    ];
+  optional sfixed32 default_sfixed32 = 69 [default =  49    ];
+  optional sfixed64 default_sfixed64 = 70 [default = -50    ];
+  optional    float default_float    = 71 [default =  51.5  ];
+  optional   double default_double   = 72 [default =  52e3  ];
+  optional     bool default_bool     = 73 [default = true   ];
+  optional   string default_string   = 74 [default = "hello"];
+  optional    bytes default_bytes    = 75 [default = "world"];
+
+  optional NestedEnum  default_nested_enum  = 81 [default = BAR        ];
+  optional ForeignEnum default_foreign_enum = 82 [default = FOREIGN_BAR];
+  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum
+      default_import_enum = 83 [default = IMPORT_BAR];
+
+  optional string default_string_piece = 84 [ctype=STRING_PIECE,default="abc"];
+  optional string default_cord = 85 [ctype=CORD,default="123"];
+
+  // For oneof test
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+    NestedMessage lazy_oneof_nested_message = 115 [lazy=true];
+  }
+}
+
+// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+// that.
+message ForeignMessage {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+message TestNoArenaMessage {
+  optional proto2_arena_unittest.ArenaMessage arena_message = 1;
+};
+
+message OneString {
+  optional string data = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_import.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_import.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..072af49e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_import.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package proto2_arena_unittest;
+
+message ImportNoArenaNestedMessage {
+  optional int32 d = 1;
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34c7b7ce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest_no_arena;
+
+message ForeignMessageLite {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_field_presence.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_field_presence.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..994afff42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_field_presence.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A proto file used to test a message type with no explicit field presence.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+// We want to test embedded proto2 messages, so include some proto2 types.
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+package proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest;
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  // TODO: remove 'optional' labels as soon as CL 69188077 is LGTM'd to make
+  // 'optional' optional.
+     int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+     int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+    uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+    uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+    sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+    sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+   fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+   fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+     float optional_float    = 11;
+    double optional_double   = 12;
+      bool optional_bool     = 13;
+    string optional_string   = 14;
+     bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  NestedMessage                        optional_nested_message  = 18;
+  ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes         optional_proto2_message = 20;
+
+  NestedEnum                           optional_nested_enum     = 21;
+  ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+  // N.B.: proto2-enum-type fields not allowed, because their default values
+  // might not be zero.
+  //optional protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum          optional_proto2_enum     = 23;
+
+  string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 30 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated NestedMessage                        repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes         repeated_proto2_message  = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum                           repeated_nested_enum     = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    NestedEnum oneof_enum = 114;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestProto2Required {
+  protobuf_unittest.TestRequired proto2 = 1;
+}
+
+// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+// that.
+message ForeignMessage {
+  int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 0;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 1;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 2;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2f042ba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+package protobuf_unittest.no_generic_services_test;
+
+
+// *_generic_services are false by default.
+
+message TestMessage {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  FOO = 1;
+}
+
+extend TestMessage {
+  optional int32 test_extension = 1000;
+}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Foo(TestMessage) returns(TestMessage);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee9cc7bd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file which uses optimize_for = CODE_SIZE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option optimize_for = CODE_SIZE;
+
+message TestOptimizedForSize {
+  optional int32 i = 1;
+  optional ForeignMessage msg = 19;
+
+  extensions 1000 to max;
+
+  extend TestOptimizedForSize {
+    optional int32 test_extension = 1234;
+    optional TestRequiredOptimizedForSize test_extension2 = 1235;
+  }
+
+  oneof foo {
+    int32 integer_field = 2;
+    string string_field = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestRequiredOptimizedForSize {
+  required int32 x = 1;
+}
+
+message TestOptionalOptimizedForSize {
+  optional TestRequiredOptimizedForSize o = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f91332c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest;
+option objc_class_prefix = "UnknownEnums";
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+
+enum MyEnum {
+  FOO = 0;
+  BAR = 1;
+  BAZ = 2;
+}
+
+enum MyEnumPlusExtra {
+  E_FOO = 0;
+  E_BAR = 1;
+  E_BAZ = 2;
+  E_EXTRA = 3;
+}
+
+message MyMessage {
+  MyEnum e = 1;
+  repeated MyEnum repeated_e = 2;
+  repeated MyEnum repeated_packed_e = 3 [packed=true];
+  repeated MyEnumPlusExtra repeated_packed_unexpected_e = 4;  // not packed
+  oneof o {
+    MyEnum oneof_e_1 = 5;
+    MyEnum oneof_e_2 = 6;
+  }
+}
+
+message MyMessagePlusExtra {
+  MyEnumPlusExtra e = 1;
+  repeated MyEnumPlusExtra repeated_e = 2;
+  repeated MyEnumPlusExtra repeated_packed_e = 3 [packed=true];
+  repeated MyEnumPlusExtra repeated_packed_unexpected_e = 4 [packed=true];
+  oneof o {
+    MyEnumPlusExtra oneof_e_1 = 5;
+    MyEnumPlusExtra oneof_e_2 = 6;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum2.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..adf42968a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest;
+
+enum MyEnum {
+  FOO = 0;
+  BAR = 1;
+  BAZ = 2;
+}
+
+message MyMessage {
+  optional MyEnum e = 1;
+  repeated MyEnum repeated_e = 2;
+  repeated MyEnum repeated_packed_e = 3 [packed=true];
+  repeated MyEnum repeated_packed_unexpected_e = 4;  // not packed
+  oneof o {
+    MyEnum oneof_e_1 = 5;
+    MyEnum oneof_e_2 = 6;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e93622a18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package proto3_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto";
+
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    ZERO = 0;
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+    NEG = -1;  // Intentionally negative.
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  sint32 optional_sint32 = 5;
+  sint64 optional_sint64 = 6;
+  fixed32 optional_fixed32 = 7;
+  fixed64 optional_fixed64 = 8;
+  sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 = 9;
+  sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+  float optional_float = 11;
+  double optional_double = 12;
+  bool optional_bool = 13;
+  string optional_string = 14;
+  bytes optional_bytes = 15;
+
+  // Groups are not allowed in proto3.
+  // optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+  //   optional int32 a = 17;
+  // }
+
+  NestedMessage optional_nested_message = 18;
+  ForeignMessage optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage optional_import_message = 20;
+
+  NestedEnum optional_nested_enum = 21;
+  ForeignEnum optional_foreign_enum = 22;
+
+  // Omitted (compared to unittest.proto) because proto2 enums are not allowed
+  // inside proto2 messages.
+  //
+  // optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    optional_import_enum  = 23;
+
+  string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+  string optional_cord = 25 [ctype = CORD];
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage optional_public_import_message =
+      26;
+
+  NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy = true];
+  protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage optional_lazy_import_message = 115
+      [lazy = true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 31;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 32;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 33;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 34;
+  repeated sint32 repeated_sint32 = 35;
+  repeated sint64 repeated_sint64 = 36;
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 37;
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 41;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 42;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 43;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 44;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 45;
+
+  // Groups are not allowed in proto3.
+  // repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+  //   optional int32 a = 47;
+  // }
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_nested_message = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage repeated_import_message = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum repeated_foreign_enum = 52;
+
+  // Omitted (compared to unittest.proto) because proto2 enums are not allowed
+  // inside proto2 messages.
+  //
+  // repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    repeated_import_enum  = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype = STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype = CORD];
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message = 57 [lazy = true];
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+}
+
+// Test messages for packed fields
+
+message TestPackedTypes {
+  repeated int32 packed_int32 = 90 [packed = true];
+  repeated int64 packed_int64 = 91 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32 packed_uint32 = 92 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64 packed_uint64 = 93 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32 packed_sint32 = 94 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64 packed_sint64 = 95 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed32 packed_fixed32 = 96 [packed = true];
+  repeated fixed64 packed_fixed64 = 97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 = 98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 = 99 [packed = true];
+  repeated float packed_float = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated double packed_double = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool packed_bool = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// Explicitly set packed to false
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 1 [packed = false];
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 2 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 3 [packed = false];
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 4 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint32 repeated_sint32 = 5 [packed = false];
+  repeated sint64 repeated_sint64 = 6 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 7 [packed = false];
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 8 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 9 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 10 [packed = false];
+  repeated float repeated_float = 11 [packed = false];
+  repeated double repeated_double = 12 [packed = false];
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 13 [packed = false];
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 14 [packed = false];
+}
+
+// This proto includes a recusively nested message.
+message NestedTestAllTypes {
+  NestedTestAllTypes child = 1;
+  TestAllTypes payload = 2;
+}
+
+// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+// that.
+message ForeignMessage {
+  int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_ZERO = 0;
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+// TestEmptyMessage is used to test behavior of unknown fields.
+message TestEmptyMessage {}
+
+// TestMessageWithDummy is also used to test behavior of unknown fields.
+message TestMessageWithDummy {
+  // This field is only here for triggering copy-on-write; it's not intended to
+  // be serialized.
+  bool dummy = 536870911;
+}
+
+// Same layout as TestOneof2 in unittest.proto to test unknown enum value
+// parsing behavior in oneof.
+message TestOneof2 {
+  oneof foo {
+    NestedEnum foo_enum = 6;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    UNKNOWN = 0;
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30031f9c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto";
+
+package proto3_arena_unittest;
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    ZERO = 0;
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+    NEG = -1;  // Intentionally negative.
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+     int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+     int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+    uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+    uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+    sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+    sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+   fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+   fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+     float optional_float    = 11;
+    double optional_double   = 12;
+      bool optional_bool     = 13;
+    string optional_string   = 14;
+     bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  // Groups are not allowed in proto3.
+  // optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+  //   optional int32 a = 17;
+  // }
+
+  NestedMessage                        optional_nested_message  = 18;
+  ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage optional_import_message  = 20;
+
+  NestedEnum                           optional_nested_enum     = 21;
+  ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+
+  // Omitted (compared to unittest.proto) because proto2 enums are not allowed
+  // inside proto2 messages.
+  //
+  // optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    optional_import_enum  = 23;
+
+  string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+      optional_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy=true];
+  protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage optional_lazy_import_message = 115
+      [lazy = true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  // Groups are not allowed in proto3.
+  // repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+  //   optional int32 a = 47;
+  // }
+
+  repeated NestedMessage                        repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage repeated_import_message  = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum                           repeated_nested_enum     = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+
+  // Omitted (compared to unittest.proto) because proto2 enums are not allowed
+  // inside proto2 messages.
+  //
+  // repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    repeated_import_enum  = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+}
+
+// Test messages for packed fields
+
+message TestPackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// Explicitly set packed to false
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    =  1 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    =  2 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   =  3 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   =  4 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   =  5 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   =  6 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  =  7 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  =  8 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 =  9 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 10 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 11 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 12 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 13 [packed = false];
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 14 [packed = false];
+}
+
+// This proto includes a recusively nested message.
+message NestedTestAllTypes {
+  NestedTestAllTypes child = 1;
+  TestAllTypes payload = 2;
+  repeated NestedTestAllTypes repeated_child = 3;
+}
+
+// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+// that.
+message ForeignMessage {
+  int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_ZERO = 0;
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+// TestEmptyMessage is used to test behavior of unknown fields.
+message TestEmptyMessage {
+}
+
+// Needed for a Python test.
+message TestPickleNestedMessage {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 bb = 1;
+    message NestedNestedMessage {
+      int32 cc = 1;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a60b90f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto";
+
+package proto3_arena_lite_unittest;
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    ZERO = 0;
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+    NEG = -1;  // Intentionally negative.
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+     int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+     int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+    uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+    uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+    sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+    sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+   fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+   fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+     float optional_float    = 11;
+    double optional_double   = 12;
+      bool optional_bool     = 13;
+    string optional_string   = 14;
+     bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  // Groups are not allowed in proto3.
+  // optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+  //   optional int32 a = 17;
+  // }
+
+  NestedMessage                        optional_nested_message  = 18;
+  ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage optional_import_message  = 20;
+
+  NestedEnum                           optional_nested_enum     = 21;
+  ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+
+  // Omitted (compared to unittest.proto) because proto2 enums are not allowed
+  // inside proto2 messages.
+  //
+  // optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    optional_import_enum  = 23;
+
+  string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+      optional_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  // Groups are not allowed in proto3.
+  // repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+  //   optional int32 a = 47;
+  // }
+
+  repeated NestedMessage                        repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage repeated_import_message  = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum                           repeated_nested_enum     = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+
+  // Omitted (compared to unittest.proto) because proto2 enums are not allowed
+  // inside proto2 messages.
+  //
+  // repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    repeated_import_enum  = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+}
+
+// Test messages for packed fields
+
+message TestPackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// Explicitly set packed to false
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    =  1 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    =  2 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   =  3 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   =  4 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   =  5 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   =  6 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  =  7 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  =  8 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 =  9 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 10 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 11 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 12 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 13 [packed = false];
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 14 [packed = false];
+}
+
+// This proto includes a recusively nested message.
+message NestedTestAllTypes {
+  NestedTestAllTypes child = 1;
+  TestAllTypes payload = 2;
+}
+
+// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+// that.
+message ForeignMessage {
+  int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_ZERO = 0;
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+// TestEmptyMessage is used to test behavior of unknown fields.
+message TestEmptyMessage {
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_lite.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_lite.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..874ade6c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_lite.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import.proto";
+
+package proto3_lite_unittest;
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    ZERO = 0;
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+    NEG = -1;  // Intentionally negative.
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+     int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+     int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+    uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+    uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+    sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+    sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+   fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+   fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+     float optional_float    = 11;
+    double optional_double   = 12;
+      bool optional_bool     = 13;
+    string optional_string   = 14;
+     bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  // Groups are not allowed in proto3.
+  // optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+  //   optional int32 a = 17;
+  // }
+
+  NestedMessage                        optional_nested_message  = 18;
+  ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage optional_import_message  = 20;
+
+  NestedEnum                           optional_nested_enum     = 21;
+  ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+
+  // Omitted (compared to unittest.proto) because proto2 enums are not allowed
+  // inside proto2 messages.
+  //
+  // optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    optional_import_enum  = 23;
+
+  string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+      optional_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy=true];
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  // Groups are not allowed in proto3.
+  // repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+  //   optional int32 a = 47;
+  // }
+
+  repeated NestedMessage                        repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage repeated_import_message  = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum                           repeated_nested_enum     = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+
+  // Omitted (compared to unittest.proto) because proto2 enums are not allowed
+  // inside proto2 messages.
+  //
+  // repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    repeated_import_enum  = 53;
+
+  repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype=CORD];
+
+  repeated NestedMessage repeated_lazy_message = 57 [lazy=true];
+
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+}
+
+// Test messages for packed fields
+
+message TestPackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// Explicitly set packed to false
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    =  1 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    =  2 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   =  3 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   =  4 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   =  5 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   =  6 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  =  7 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  =  8 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 =  9 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 10 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 11 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 12 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 13 [packed = false];
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 14 [packed = false];
+}
+
+// This proto includes a recusively nested message.
+message NestedTestAllTypes {
+  NestedTestAllTypes child = 1;
+  TestAllTypes payload = 2;
+}
+
+// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+// that.
+message ForeignMessage {
+  int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_ZERO = 0;
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+// TestEmptyMessage is used to test behavior of unknown fields.
+message TestEmptyMessage {
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c90752440
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/api.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/source_context.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/type.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+// Test that we can include all well-known types.
+// Each wrapper type is included separately, as languages
+// map handle different wrappers in different ways.
+message TestWellKnownTypes {
+  google.protobuf.Any any_field = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Api api_field = 2;
+  google.protobuf.Duration duration_field = 3;
+  google.protobuf.Empty empty_field = 4;
+  google.protobuf.FieldMask field_mask_field = 5;
+  google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context_field = 6;
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct_field = 7;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp_field = 8;
+  google.protobuf.Type type_field = 9;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field = 10;
+  google.protobuf.FloatValue float_field = 11;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field = 12;
+  google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64_field = 13;
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value int32_field = 14;
+  google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32_field = 15;
+  google.protobuf.BoolValue bool_field = 16;
+  google.protobuf.StringValue string_field = 17;
+  google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes_field = 18;
+  // Part of struct, but useful to be able to test separately
+  google.protobuf.Value value_field = 19;
+}
+
+// A repeated field for each well-known type.
+message RepeatedWellKnownTypes {
+  repeated google.protobuf.Any any_field = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Api api_field = 2;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Duration duration_field = 3;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Empty empty_field = 4;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FieldMask field_mask_field = 5;
+  repeated google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context_field = 6;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Struct struct_field = 7;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp_field = 8;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Type type_field = 9;
+  // These don't actually make a lot of sense, but they're not prohibited...
+  repeated google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field = 10;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FloatValue float_field = 11;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field = 12;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64_field = 13;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int32Value int32_field = 14;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32_field = 15;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BoolValue bool_field = 16;
+  repeated google.protobuf.StringValue string_field = 17;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes_field = 18;
+}
+
+message OneofWellKnownTypes {
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    google.protobuf.Any any_field = 1;
+    google.protobuf.Api api_field = 2;
+    google.protobuf.Duration duration_field = 3;
+    google.protobuf.Empty empty_field = 4;
+    google.protobuf.FieldMask field_mask_field = 5;
+    google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context_field = 6;
+    google.protobuf.Struct struct_field = 7;
+    google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp_field = 8;
+    google.protobuf.Type type_field = 9;
+    google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field = 10;
+    google.protobuf.FloatValue float_field = 11;
+    google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field = 12;
+    google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64_field = 13;
+    google.protobuf.Int32Value int32_field = 14;
+    google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32_field = 15;
+    google.protobuf.BoolValue bool_field = 16;
+    google.protobuf.StringValue string_field = 17;
+    google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes_field = 18;
+  }
+}
+
+// A map field for each well-known type. We only
+// need to worry about the value part of the map being the
+// well-known types, as messages can't be map keys.
+message MapWellKnownTypes {
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Any> any_field = 1;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Api> api_field = 2;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Duration> duration_field = 3;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Empty> empty_field = 4;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.FieldMask> field_mask_field = 5;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.SourceContext> source_context_field = 6;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Struct> struct_field = 7;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Timestamp> timestamp_field = 8;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Type> type_field = 9;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.DoubleValue> double_field = 10;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.FloatValue> float_field = 11;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Int64Value> int64_field = 12;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.UInt64Value> uint64_field = 13;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Int32Value> int32_field = 14;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.UInt32Value> uint32_field = 15;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.BoolValue> bool_field = 16;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.StringValue> string_field = 17;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.BytesValue> bytes_field = 18;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fcffe85fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/parse_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+const UnknownFieldSet* UnknownFieldSet::default_instance() {
+  static auto instance = internal::OnShutdownDelete(new UnknownFieldSet());
+  return instance;
+}
+
+void UnknownFieldSet::ClearFallback() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!fields_.empty());
+  int n = fields_.size();
+  do {
+    (fields_)[--n].Delete();
+  } while (n > 0);
+  fields_.clear();
+}
+
+void UnknownFieldSet::InternalMergeFrom(const UnknownFieldSet& other) {
+  int other_field_count = other.field_count();
+  if (other_field_count > 0) {
+    fields_.reserve(fields_.size() + other_field_count);
+    for (int i = 0; i < other_field_count; i++) {
+      fields_.push_back((other.fields_)[i]);
+      fields_.back().DeepCopy((other.fields_)[i]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void UnknownFieldSet::MergeFrom(const UnknownFieldSet& other) {
+  int other_field_count = other.field_count();
+  if (other_field_count > 0) {
+    fields_.reserve(fields_.size() + other_field_count);
+    for (int i = 0; i < other_field_count; i++) {
+      fields_.push_back((other.fields_)[i]);
+      fields_.back().DeepCopy((other.fields_)[i]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// A specialized MergeFrom for performance when we are merging from an UFS that
+// is temporary and can be destroyed in the process.
+void UnknownFieldSet::MergeFromAndDestroy(UnknownFieldSet* other) {
+  if (fields_.empty()) {
+    fields_ = std::move(other->fields_);
+  } else {
+    fields_.insert(fields_.end(),
+                   std::make_move_iterator(other->fields_.begin()),
+                   std::make_move_iterator(other->fields_.end()));
+  }
+  other->fields_.clear();
+}
+
+void UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+    const UnknownFieldSet& other,
+    internal::InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata) {
+  metadata->mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(other);
+}
+
+size_t UnknownFieldSet::SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() const {
+  if (fields_.empty()) return 0;
+
+  size_t total_size = sizeof(fields_) + sizeof(UnknownField) * fields_.size();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields_.size(); i++) {
+    const UnknownField& field = (fields_)[i];
+    switch (field.type()) {
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+        total_size += sizeof(*field.data_.length_delimited_.string_value) +
+                      internal::StringSpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong(
+                          *field.data_.length_delimited_.string_value);
+        break;
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP:
+        total_size += field.data_.group_->SpaceUsedLong();
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+size_t UnknownFieldSet::SpaceUsedLong() const {
+  return sizeof(*this) + SpaceUsedExcludingSelf();
+}
+
+void UnknownFieldSet::AddVarint(int number, uint64 value) {
+  UnknownField field;
+  field.number_ = number;
+  field.SetType(UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT);
+  field.data_.varint_ = value;
+  fields_.push_back(field);
+}
+
+void UnknownFieldSet::AddFixed32(int number, uint32 value) {
+  UnknownField field;
+  field.number_ = number;
+  field.SetType(UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED32);
+  field.data_.fixed32_ = value;
+  fields_.push_back(field);
+}
+
+void UnknownFieldSet::AddFixed64(int number, uint64 value) {
+  UnknownField field;
+  field.number_ = number;
+  field.SetType(UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED64);
+  field.data_.fixed64_ = value;
+  fields_.push_back(field);
+}
+
+std::string* UnknownFieldSet::AddLengthDelimited(int number) {
+  UnknownField field;
+  field.number_ = number;
+  field.SetType(UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+  field.data_.length_delimited_.string_value = new std::string;
+  fields_.push_back(field);
+  return field.data_.length_delimited_.string_value;
+}
+
+
+UnknownFieldSet* UnknownFieldSet::AddGroup(int number) {
+  UnknownField field;
+  field.number_ = number;
+  field.SetType(UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP);
+  field.data_.group_ = new UnknownFieldSet;
+  fields_.push_back(field);
+  return field.data_.group_;
+}
+
+void UnknownFieldSet::AddField(const UnknownField& field) {
+  fields_.push_back(field);
+  fields_.back().DeepCopy(field);
+}
+
+void UnknownFieldSet::DeleteSubrange(int start, int num) {
+  // Delete the specified fields.
+  for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
+    (fields_)[i + start].Delete();
+  }
+  // Slide down the remaining fields.
+  for (int i = start + num; i < fields_.size(); ++i) {
+    (fields_)[i - num] = (fields_)[i];
+  }
+  // Pop off the # of deleted fields.
+  for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
+    fields_.pop_back();
+  }
+}
+
+void UnknownFieldSet::DeleteByNumber(int number) {
+  int left = 0;  // The number of fields left after deletion.
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields_.size(); ++i) {
+    UnknownField* field = &(fields_)[i];
+    if (field->number() == number) {
+      field->Delete();
+    } else {
+      if (i != left) {
+        (fields_)[left] = (fields_)[i];
+      }
+      ++left;
+    }
+  }
+  fields_.resize(left);
+}
+
+bool UnknownFieldSet::MergeFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  UnknownFieldSet other;
+  if (internal::WireFormat::SkipMessage(input, &other) &&
+      input->ConsumedEntireMessage()) {
+    MergeFromAndDestroy(&other);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool UnknownFieldSet::ParseFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  Clear();
+  return MergeFromCodedStream(input);
+}
+
+bool UnknownFieldSet::ParseFromZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input) {
+  io::CodedInputStream coded_input(input);
+  return (ParseFromCodedStream(&coded_input) &&
+          coded_input.ConsumedEntireMessage());
+}
+
+bool UnknownFieldSet::ParseFromArray(const void* data, int size) {
+  io::ArrayInputStream input(data, size);
+  return ParseFromZeroCopyStream(&input);
+}
+
+void UnknownField::Delete() {
+  switch (type()) {
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+      delete data_.length_delimited_.string_value;
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP:
+      delete data_.group_;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void UnknownField::DeepCopy(const UnknownField& other) {
+  switch (type()) {
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+      data_.length_delimited_.string_value =
+          new std::string(*data_.length_delimited_.string_value);
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP: {
+      UnknownFieldSet* group = new UnknownFieldSet();
+      group->InternalMergeFrom(*data_.group_);
+      data_.group_ = group;
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+
+uint8* UnknownField::InternalSerializeLengthDelimitedNoTag(
+    uint8* target, io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, type());
+  const std::string& data = *data_.length_delimited_.string_value;
+  target = io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(data.size(), target);
+  target = stream->WriteRaw(data.data(), data.size(), target);
+  return target;
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+const char* PackedEnumParser(void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx,
+                             bool (*is_valid)(int),
+                             InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata,
+                             int field_num) {
+  return ctx->ReadPackedVarint(
+      ptr, [object, is_valid, metadata, field_num](uint64 val) {
+        if (is_valid(val)) {
+          static_cast<RepeatedField<int>*>(object)->Add(val);
+        } else {
+          WriteVarint(field_num, val, metadata->mutable_unknown_fields());
+        }
+      });
+}
+const char* PackedEnumParserArg(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                                ParseContext* ctx,
+                                bool (*is_valid)(const void*, int),
+                                const void* data,
+                                InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata,
+                                int field_num) {
+  return ctx->ReadPackedVarint(
+      ptr, [object, is_valid, data, metadata, field_num](uint64 val) {
+        if (is_valid(data, val)) {
+          static_cast<RepeatedField<int>*>(object)->Add(val);
+        } else {
+          WriteVarint(field_num, val, metadata->mutable_unknown_fields());
+        }
+      });
+}
+
+class UnknownFieldParserHelper {
+ public:
+  explicit UnknownFieldParserHelper(UnknownFieldSet* unknown)
+      : unknown_(unknown) {}
+
+  void AddVarint(uint32 num, uint64 value) { unknown_->AddVarint(num, value); }
+  void AddFixed64(uint32 num, uint64 value) {
+    unknown_->AddFixed64(num, value);
+  }
+  const char* ParseLengthDelimited(uint32 num, const char* ptr,
+                                   ParseContext* ctx) {
+    std::string* s = unknown_->AddLengthDelimited(num);
+    int size = ReadSize(&ptr);
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PARSER_ASSERT(ptr);
+    return ctx->ReadString(ptr, size, s);
+  }
+  const char* ParseGroup(uint32 num, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+    UnknownFieldParserHelper child(unknown_->AddGroup(num));
+    return ctx->ParseGroup(&child, ptr, num * 8 + 3);
+  }
+  void AddFixed32(uint32 num, uint32 value) {
+    unknown_->AddFixed32(num, value);
+  }
+
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+    return WireFormatParser(*this, ptr, ctx);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown_;
+};
+
+const char* UnknownGroupParse(UnknownFieldSet* unknown, const char* ptr,
+                              ParseContext* ctx) {
+  UnknownFieldParserHelper field_parser(unknown);
+  return WireFormatParser(field_parser, ptr, ctx);
+}
+
+const char* UnknownFieldParse(uint64 tag, UnknownFieldSet* unknown,
+                              const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+  UnknownFieldParserHelper field_parser(unknown);
+  return FieldParser(tag, field_parser, ptr, ctx);
+}
+
+const char* UnknownFieldParse(uint32 tag, InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata,
+                              const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx) {
+  return UnknownFieldParse(tag, metadata->mutable_unknown_fields(), ptr, ctx);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6134691b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h
@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Contains classes used to keep track of unrecognized fields seen while
+// parsing a protocol message.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UNKNOWN_FIELD_SET_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UNKNOWN_FIELD_SET_H__
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/parse_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+class InternalMetadataWithArena;  // metadata.h
+class WireFormat;                 // wire_format.h
+class MessageSetFieldSkipperUsingCord;
+// extension_set_heavy.cc
+}  // namespace internal
+
+class Message;       // message.h
+class UnknownField;  // below
+
+// An UnknownFieldSet contains fields that were encountered while parsing a
+// message but were not defined by its type.  Keeping track of these can be
+// useful, especially in that they may be written if the message is serialized
+// again without being cleared in between.  This means that software which
+// simply receives messages and forwards them to other servers does not need
+// to be updated every time a new field is added to the message definition.
+//
+// To get the UnknownFieldSet attached to any message, call
+// Reflection::GetUnknownFields().
+//
+// This class is necessarily tied to the protocol buffer wire format, unlike
+// the Reflection interface which is independent of any serialization scheme.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT UnknownFieldSet {
+ public:
+  UnknownFieldSet();
+  ~UnknownFieldSet();
+
+  // Remove all fields.
+  inline void Clear();
+
+  // Remove all fields and deallocate internal data objects
+  void ClearAndFreeMemory();
+
+  // Is this set empty?
+  inline bool empty() const;
+
+  // Merge the contents of some other UnknownFieldSet with this one.
+  void MergeFrom(const UnknownFieldSet& other);
+
+  // Similar to above, but this function will destroy the contents of other.
+  void MergeFromAndDestroy(UnknownFieldSet* other);
+
+  // Merge the contents an UnknownFieldSet with the UnknownFieldSet in
+  // *metadata, if there is one.  If *metadata doesn't have an UnknownFieldSet
+  // then add one to it and make it be a copy of the first arg.
+  static void MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      const UnknownFieldSet& other,
+      internal::InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata);
+
+  // Swaps the contents of some other UnknownFieldSet with this one.
+  inline void Swap(UnknownFieldSet* x);
+
+  // Computes (an estimate of) the total number of bytes currently used for
+  // storing the unknown fields in memory. Does NOT include
+  // sizeof(*this) in the calculation.
+  size_t SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong() const;
+
+  int SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const {
+    return internal::ToIntSize(SpaceUsedExcludingSelfLong());
+  }
+
+  // Version of SpaceUsed() including sizeof(*this).
+  size_t SpaceUsedLong() const;
+
+  int SpaceUsed() const { return internal::ToIntSize(SpaceUsedLong()); }
+
+  // Returns the number of fields present in the UnknownFieldSet.
+  inline int field_count() const;
+  // Get a field in the set, where 0 <= index < field_count().  The fields
+  // appear in the order in which they were added.
+  inline const UnknownField& field(int index) const;
+  // Get a mutable pointer to a field in the set, where
+  // 0 <= index < field_count().  The fields appear in the order in which
+  // they were added.
+  inline UnknownField* mutable_field(int index);
+
+  // Adding fields ---------------------------------------------------
+
+  void AddVarint(int number, uint64 value);
+  void AddFixed32(int number, uint32 value);
+  void AddFixed64(int number, uint64 value);
+  void AddLengthDelimited(int number, const std::string& value);
+  std::string* AddLengthDelimited(int number);
+  UnknownFieldSet* AddGroup(int number);
+
+  // Adds an unknown field from another set.
+  void AddField(const UnknownField& field);
+
+  // Delete fields with indices in the range [start .. start+num-1].
+  // Caution: implementation moves all fields with indices [start+num .. ].
+  void DeleteSubrange(int start, int num);
+
+  // Delete all fields with a specific field number. The order of left fields
+  // is preserved.
+  // Caution: implementation moves all fields after the first deleted field.
+  void DeleteByNumber(int number);
+
+  // Parsing helpers -------------------------------------------------
+  // These work exactly like the similarly-named methods of Message.
+
+  bool MergeFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  bool ParseFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  bool ParseFromZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input);
+  bool ParseFromArray(const void* data, int size);
+  inline bool ParseFromString(const std::string& data) {
+    return ParseFromArray(data.data(), static_cast<int>(data.size()));
+  }
+
+  // Merges this message's unknown field data (if any).  This works whether
+  // the message is a lite or full proto (for legacy reasons, lite and full
+  // return different types for MessageType::unknown_fields()).
+  template <typename MessageType>
+  bool MergeFromMessage(const MessageType& message);
+
+  static const UnknownFieldSet* default_instance();
+
+ private:
+  // For InternalMergeFrom
+  friend class UnknownField;
+  // Merges from other UnknownFieldSet. This method assumes, that this object
+  // is newly created and has no fields.
+  void InternalMergeFrom(const UnknownFieldSet& other);
+  void ClearFallback();
+
+  template <typename MessageType,
+            typename std::enable_if<
+                std::is_base_of<Message, MessageType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+  bool InternalMergeFromMessage(const MessageType& message) {
+    MergeFrom(message.GetReflection()->GetUnknownFields(message));
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  template <typename MessageType,
+            typename std::enable_if<
+                std::is_base_of<MessageLite, MessageType>::value &&
+                    !std::is_base_of<Message, MessageType>::value,
+                int>::type = 0>
+  bool InternalMergeFromMessage(const MessageType& message) {
+    const auto& unknown_fields = message.unknown_fields();
+    io::ArrayInputStream array_stream(unknown_fields.data(),
+                                      unknown_fields.size());
+    io::CodedInputStream coded_stream(&array_stream);
+    return MergeFromCodedStream(&coded_stream);
+  }
+
+  std::vector<UnknownField> fields_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(UnknownFieldSet);
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+
+inline void WriteVarint(uint32 num, uint64 val, UnknownFieldSet* unknown) {
+  unknown->AddVarint(num, val);
+}
+inline void WriteLengthDelimited(uint32 num, StringPiece val,
+                                 UnknownFieldSet* unknown) {
+  unknown->AddLengthDelimited(num)->assign(val.data(), val.size());
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+const char* PackedEnumParser(void* object, const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx,
+                             bool (*is_valid)(int),
+                             InternalMetadataWithArena* unknown, int field_num);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+const char* PackedEnumParserArg(void* object, const char* ptr,
+                                ParseContext* ctx,
+                                bool (*is_valid)(const void*, int),
+                                const void* data,
+                                InternalMetadataWithArena* unknown,
+                                int field_num);
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+const char* UnknownGroupParse(UnknownFieldSet* unknown, const char* ptr,
+                              ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+const char* UnknownFieldParse(uint64 tag, UnknownFieldSet* unknown,
+                              const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+const char* UnknownFieldParse(uint32 tag, InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata,
+                              const char* ptr, ParseContext* ctx);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Represents one field in an UnknownFieldSet.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT UnknownField {
+ public:
+  enum Type {
+    TYPE_VARINT,
+    TYPE_FIXED32,
+    TYPE_FIXED64,
+    TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,
+    TYPE_GROUP
+  };
+
+  // The field's field number, as seen on the wire.
+  inline int number() const;
+
+  // The field type.
+  inline Type type() const;
+
+  // Accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+  // Each method works only for UnknownFields of the corresponding type.
+
+  inline uint64 varint() const;
+  inline uint32 fixed32() const;
+  inline uint64 fixed64() const;
+  inline const std::string& length_delimited() const;
+  inline const UnknownFieldSet& group() const;
+
+  inline void set_varint(uint64 value);
+  inline void set_fixed32(uint32 value);
+  inline void set_fixed64(uint64 value);
+  inline void set_length_delimited(const std::string& value);
+  inline std::string* mutable_length_delimited();
+  inline UnknownFieldSet* mutable_group();
+
+  // Serialization API.
+  // These methods can take advantage of the underlying implementation and may
+  // archieve a better performance than using getters to retrieve the data and
+  // do the serialization yourself.
+  void SerializeLengthDelimitedNoTag(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+    output->SetCur(InternalSerializeLengthDelimitedNoTag(output->Cur(),
+                                                         output->EpsCopy()));
+  }
+
+  inline size_t GetLengthDelimitedSize() const;
+  uint8* InternalSerializeLengthDelimitedNoTag(
+      uint8* target, io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const;
+
+
+  // If this UnknownField contains a pointer, delete it.
+  void Delete();
+
+  // Make a deep copy of any pointers in this UnknownField.
+  void DeepCopy(const UnknownField& other);
+
+  // Set the wire type of this UnknownField. Should only be used when this
+  // UnknownField is being created.
+  inline void SetType(Type type);
+
+  union LengthDelimited {
+    std::string* string_value;
+  };
+
+  uint32 number_;
+  uint32 type_;
+  union {
+    uint64 varint_;
+    uint32 fixed32_;
+    uint64 fixed64_;
+    mutable union LengthDelimited length_delimited_;
+    UnknownFieldSet* group_;
+  } data_;
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+// inline implementations
+
+inline UnknownFieldSet::UnknownFieldSet() {}
+
+inline UnknownFieldSet::~UnknownFieldSet() { Clear(); }
+
+inline void UnknownFieldSet::ClearAndFreeMemory() { Clear(); }
+
+inline void UnknownFieldSet::Clear() {
+  if (!fields_.empty()) {
+    ClearFallback();
+  }
+}
+
+inline bool UnknownFieldSet::empty() const { return fields_.empty(); }
+
+inline void UnknownFieldSet::Swap(UnknownFieldSet* x) {
+  fields_.swap(x->fields_);
+}
+
+inline int UnknownFieldSet::field_count() const {
+  return static_cast<int>(fields_.size());
+}
+inline const UnknownField& UnknownFieldSet::field(int index) const {
+  return (fields_)[static_cast<size_t>(index)];
+}
+inline UnknownField* UnknownFieldSet::mutable_field(int index) {
+  return &(fields_)[static_cast<size_t>(index)];
+}
+
+inline void UnknownFieldSet::AddLengthDelimited(int number,
+                                                const std::string& value) {
+  AddLengthDelimited(number)->assign(value);
+}
+
+
+
+
+inline int UnknownField::number() const { return static_cast<int>(number_); }
+inline UnknownField::Type UnknownField::type() const {
+  return static_cast<Type>(type_);
+}
+
+inline uint64 UnknownField::varint() const {
+  assert(type() == TYPE_VARINT);
+  return data_.varint_;
+}
+inline uint32 UnknownField::fixed32() const {
+  assert(type() == TYPE_FIXED32);
+  return data_.fixed32_;
+}
+inline uint64 UnknownField::fixed64() const {
+  assert(type() == TYPE_FIXED64);
+  return data_.fixed64_;
+}
+inline const std::string& UnknownField::length_delimited() const {
+  assert(type() == TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+  return *data_.length_delimited_.string_value;
+}
+inline const UnknownFieldSet& UnknownField::group() const {
+  assert(type() == TYPE_GROUP);
+  return *data_.group_;
+}
+
+inline void UnknownField::set_varint(uint64 value) {
+  assert(type() == TYPE_VARINT);
+  data_.varint_ = value;
+}
+inline void UnknownField::set_fixed32(uint32 value) {
+  assert(type() == TYPE_FIXED32);
+  data_.fixed32_ = value;
+}
+inline void UnknownField::set_fixed64(uint64 value) {
+  assert(type() == TYPE_FIXED64);
+  data_.fixed64_ = value;
+}
+inline void UnknownField::set_length_delimited(const std::string& value) {
+  assert(type() == TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+  data_.length_delimited_.string_value->assign(value);
+}
+inline std::string* UnknownField::mutable_length_delimited() {
+  assert(type() == TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+  return data_.length_delimited_.string_value;
+}
+inline UnknownFieldSet* UnknownField::mutable_group() {
+  assert(type() == TYPE_GROUP);
+  return data_.group_;
+}
+template <typename MessageType>
+bool UnknownFieldSet::MergeFromMessage(const MessageType& message) {
+  // SFINAE will route to the right version.
+  return InternalMergeFromMessage(message);
+}
+
+
+inline size_t UnknownField::GetLengthDelimitedSize() const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, type());
+  return data_.length_delimited_.string_value->size();
+}
+
+inline void UnknownField::SetType(Type type) {
+  type_ = type;
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UNKNOWN_FIELD_SET_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1ccb5c5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,647 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This test is testing a lot more than just the UnknownFieldSet class.  It
+// tests handling of unknown fields throughout the system.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_lite.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+
+class UnknownFieldSetTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    descriptor_ = unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor();
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(&all_fields_);
+    all_fields_.SerializeToString(&all_fields_data_);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(empty_message_.ParseFromString(all_fields_data_));
+    unknown_fields_ = empty_message_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  const UnknownField* GetField(const std::string& name) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->FindFieldByName(name);
+    if (field == NULL) return NULL;
+    for (int i = 0; i < unknown_fields_->field_count(); i++) {
+      if (unknown_fields_->field(i).number() == field->number()) {
+        return &unknown_fields_->field(i);
+      }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Constructs a protocol buffer which contains fields with all the same
+  // numbers as all_fields_data_ except that each field is some other wire
+  // type.
+  std::string GetBizarroData() {
+    unittest::TestEmptyMessage bizarro_message;
+    UnknownFieldSet* bizarro_unknown_fields =
+        bizarro_message.mutable_unknown_fields();
+    for (int i = 0; i < unknown_fields_->field_count(); i++) {
+      const UnknownField& unknown_field = unknown_fields_->field(i);
+      if (unknown_field.type() == UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT) {
+        bizarro_unknown_fields->AddFixed32(unknown_field.number(), 1);
+      } else {
+        bizarro_unknown_fields->AddVarint(unknown_field.number(), 1);
+      }
+    }
+
+    std::string data;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(bizarro_message.SerializeToString(&data));
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes all_fields_;
+  std::string all_fields_data_;
+
+  // An empty message that has been parsed from all_fields_data_.  So, it has
+  // unknown fields of every type.
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage empty_message_;
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields_;
+};
+
+namespace {
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, AllFieldsPresent) {
+  // All fields of TestAllTypes should be present, in numeric order (because
+  // that's the order we parsed them in).  Fields that are not valid field
+  // numbers of TestAllTypes should NOT be present.
+
+  int pos = 0;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->FindFieldByNumber(i);
+    if (field != NULL) {
+      ASSERT_LT(pos, unknown_fields_->field_count());
+      // Do not check oneof field if it is not set.
+      if (field->containing_oneof() == NULL) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(i, unknown_fields_->field(pos++).number());
+      } else if (i == unknown_fields_->field(pos).number()) {
+        pos++;
+      }
+      if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        // Should have a second instance.
+        ASSERT_LT(pos, unknown_fields_->field_count());
+        EXPECT_EQ(i, unknown_fields_->field(pos++).number());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(unknown_fields_->field_count(), pos);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, Varint) {
+  const UnknownField* field = GetField("optional_int32");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(field != NULL);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT, field->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(all_fields_.optional_int32(), field->varint());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, Fixed32) {
+  const UnknownField* field = GetField("optional_fixed32");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(field != NULL);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED32, field->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(all_fields_.optional_fixed32(), field->fixed32());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, Fixed64) {
+  const UnknownField* field = GetField("optional_fixed64");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(field != NULL);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED64, field->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(all_fields_.optional_fixed64(), field->fixed64());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, LengthDelimited) {
+  const UnknownField* field = GetField("optional_string");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(field != NULL);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, field->type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(all_fields_.optional_string(), field->length_delimited());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, Group) {
+  const UnknownField* field = GetField("optionalgroup");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(field != NULL);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP, field->type());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, field->group().field_count());
+
+  const UnknownField& nested_field = field->group().field(0);
+  const FieldDescriptor* nested_field_descriptor =
+      unittest::TestAllTypes::OptionalGroup::descriptor()->FindFieldByName("a");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(nested_field_descriptor != NULL);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(nested_field_descriptor->number(), nested_field.number());
+  ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT, nested_field.type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(all_fields_.optionalgroup().a(), nested_field.varint());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, SerializeFastAndSlowAreEquivalent) {
+  int size =
+      WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(empty_message_.unknown_fields());
+  std::string slow_buffer;
+  std::string fast_buffer;
+  slow_buffer.resize(size);
+  fast_buffer.resize(size);
+
+  uint8* target = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&fast_buffer));
+  uint8* result = WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+      empty_message_.unknown_fields(), target);
+  EXPECT_EQ(size, result - target);
+
+  {
+    io::ArrayOutputStream raw_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&slow_buffer), size,
+                                     1);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&raw_stream);
+    WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFields(empty_message_.unknown_fields(),
+                                       &output_stream);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fast_buffer == slow_buffer);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, Serialize) {
+  // Check that serializing the UnknownFieldSet produces the original data
+  // again.
+
+  std::string data;
+  empty_message_.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  // Don't use EXPECT_EQ because we don't want to dump raw binary data to
+  // stdout.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(data == all_fields_data_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, ParseViaReflection) {
+  // Make sure fields are properly parsed to the UnknownFieldSet when parsing
+  // via reflection.
+
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage message;
+  io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(all_fields_data_.data(),
+                                 all_fields_data_.size());
+  io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &message));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.DebugString(), empty_message_.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, SerializeViaReflection) {
+  // Make sure fields are properly written from the UnknownFieldSet when
+  // serializing via reflection.
+
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&data);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+    int size = WireFormat::ByteSize(empty_message_);
+    WireFormat::SerializeWithCachedSizes(empty_message_, size, &output);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+  }
+
+  // Don't use EXPECT_EQ because we don't want to dump raw binary data to
+  // stdout.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(data == all_fields_data_);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, CopyFrom) {
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage message;
+
+  message.CopyFrom(empty_message_);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(empty_message_.DebugString(), message.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, Swap) {
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage other_message;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(other_message.ParseFromString(GetBizarroData()));
+
+  EXPECT_GT(empty_message_.unknown_fields().field_count(), 0);
+  EXPECT_GT(other_message.unknown_fields().field_count(), 0);
+  const std::string debug_string = empty_message_.DebugString();
+  const std::string other_debug_string = other_message.DebugString();
+  EXPECT_NE(debug_string, other_debug_string);
+
+  empty_message_.Swap(&other_message);
+  EXPECT_EQ(debug_string, other_message.DebugString());
+  EXPECT_EQ(other_debug_string, empty_message_.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, SwapWithSelf) {
+  const std::string debug_string = empty_message_.DebugString();
+  EXPECT_GT(empty_message_.unknown_fields().field_count(), 0);
+
+  empty_message_.Swap(&empty_message_);
+  EXPECT_GT(empty_message_.unknown_fields().field_count(), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(debug_string, empty_message_.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, MergeFrom) {
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage source, destination;
+
+  destination.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(1, 1);
+  destination.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(3, 2);
+  source.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(2, 3);
+  source.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(3, 4);
+
+  destination.MergeFrom(source);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      // Note:  The ordering of fields here depends on the ordering of adds
+      //   and merging, above.
+      "1: 1\n"
+      "3: 2\n"
+      "2: 3\n"
+      "3: 4\n",
+      destination.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, MergeFromMessage) {
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage source, destination;
+
+  destination.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(1, 1);
+  destination.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(3, 2);
+  source.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(2, 3);
+  source.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(3, 4);
+
+  destination.mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFromMessage(source);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      // Note:  The ordering of fields here depends on the ordering of adds
+      //   and merging, above.
+      "1: 1\n"
+      "3: 2\n"
+      "2: 3\n"
+      "3: 4\n",
+      destination.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, MergeFromMessageLite) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypesLite source;
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessageLite destination;
+
+  source.set_optional_fixed32(42);
+  destination.ParseFromString(source.SerializeAsString());
+
+  UnknownFieldSet unknown_field_set;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(unknown_field_set.MergeFromMessage(destination));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unknown_field_set.field_count(), 1);
+
+  const UnknownField& unknown_field = unknown_field_set.field(0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(unknown_field.number(), 7);
+  EXPECT_EQ(unknown_field.fixed32(), 42);
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, Clear) {
+  // Clear the set.
+  empty_message_.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, unknown_fields_->field_count());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, ClearAndFreeMemory) {
+  EXPECT_GT(unknown_fields_->field_count(), 0);
+  unknown_fields_->ClearAndFreeMemory();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, unknown_fields_->field_count());
+  unknown_fields_->AddVarint(123456, 654321);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, unknown_fields_->field_count());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, ParseKnownAndUnknown) {
+  // Test mixing known and unknown fields when parsing.
+
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage source;
+  source.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(123456, 654321);
+  std::string data;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(source.SerializeToString(&data));
+
+  unittest::TestAllTypes destination;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(destination.ParseFromString(all_fields_data_ + data));
+
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(destination);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, destination.unknown_fields().field_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT,
+            destination.unknown_fields().field(0).type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(654321, destination.unknown_fields().field(0).varint());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, WrongTypeTreatedAsUnknown) {
+  // Test that fields of the wrong wire type are treated like unknown fields
+  // when parsing.
+
+  unittest::TestAllTypes all_types_message;
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage empty_message;
+  std::string bizarro_data = GetBizarroData();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(all_types_message.ParseFromString(bizarro_data));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(empty_message.ParseFromString(bizarro_data));
+
+  // All fields should have been interpreted as unknown, so the debug strings
+  // should be the same.
+  EXPECT_EQ(empty_message.DebugString(), all_types_message.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, WrongTypeTreatedAsUnknownViaReflection) {
+  // Same as WrongTypeTreatedAsUnknown but via the reflection interface.
+
+  unittest::TestAllTypes all_types_message;
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage empty_message;
+  std::string bizarro_data = GetBizarroData();
+  io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(bizarro_data.data(), bizarro_data.size());
+  io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &all_types_message));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(empty_message.ParseFromString(bizarro_data));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(empty_message.DebugString(), all_types_message.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, UnknownExtensions) {
+  // Make sure fields are properly parsed to the UnknownFieldSet even when
+  // they are declared as extension numbers.
+
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions message;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(all_fields_data_));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.DebugString(), empty_message_.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, UnknownExtensionsReflection) {
+  // Same as UnknownExtensions except parsing via reflection.
+
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions message;
+  io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(all_fields_data_.data(),
+                                 all_fields_data_.size());
+  io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &message));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.DebugString(), empty_message_.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, WrongExtensionTypeTreatedAsUnknown) {
+  // Test that fields of the wrong wire type are treated like unknown fields
+  // when parsing extensions.
+
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions all_extensions_message;
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage empty_message;
+  std::string bizarro_data = GetBizarroData();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(all_extensions_message.ParseFromString(bizarro_data));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(empty_message.ParseFromString(bizarro_data));
+
+  // All fields should have been interpreted as unknown, so the debug strings
+  // should be the same.
+  EXPECT_EQ(empty_message.DebugString(), all_extensions_message.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, UnknownEnumValue) {
+  using unittest::TestAllExtensions;
+  using unittest::TestAllTypes;
+  using unittest::TestEmptyMessage;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* singular_field =
+      TestAllTypes::descriptor()->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
+  const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field =
+      TestAllTypes::descriptor()->FindFieldByName("repeated_nested_enum");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(singular_field != NULL);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(repeated_field != NULL);
+
+  std::string data;
+
+  {
+    TestEmptyMessage empty_message;
+    UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields = empty_message.mutable_unknown_fields();
+    unknown_fields->AddVarint(singular_field->number(), TestAllTypes::BAR);
+    unknown_fields->AddVarint(singular_field->number(), 5);  // not valid
+    unknown_fields->AddVarint(repeated_field->number(), TestAllTypes::FOO);
+    unknown_fields->AddVarint(repeated_field->number(), 4);  // not valid
+    unknown_fields->AddVarint(repeated_field->number(), TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+    unknown_fields->AddVarint(repeated_field->number(), 6);  // not valid
+    empty_message.SerializeToString(&data);
+  }
+
+  {
+    TestAllTypes message;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAR, message.optional_nested_enum());
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::FOO, message.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAZ, message.repeated_nested_enum(1));
+
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields = message.unknown_fields();
+    ASSERT_EQ(3, unknown_fields.field_count());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(singular_field->number(), unknown_fields.field(0).number());
+    ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT, unknown_fields.field(0).type());
+    EXPECT_EQ(5, unknown_fields.field(0).varint());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(repeated_field->number(), unknown_fields.field(1).number());
+    ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT, unknown_fields.field(1).type());
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, unknown_fields.field(1).varint());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(repeated_field->number(), unknown_fields.field(2).number());
+    ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT, unknown_fields.field(2).type());
+    EXPECT_EQ(6, unknown_fields.field(2).varint());
+  }
+
+  {
+    using unittest::optional_nested_enum_extension;
+    using unittest::repeated_nested_enum_extension;
+
+    TestAllExtensions message;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAR,
+              message.GetExtension(optional_nested_enum_extension));
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, message.ExtensionSize(repeated_nested_enum_extension));
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::FOO,
+              message.GetExtension(repeated_nested_enum_extension, 0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(TestAllTypes::BAZ,
+              message.GetExtension(repeated_nested_enum_extension, 1));
+
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields = message.unknown_fields();
+    ASSERT_EQ(3, unknown_fields.field_count());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(singular_field->number(), unknown_fields.field(0).number());
+    ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT, unknown_fields.field(0).type());
+    EXPECT_EQ(5, unknown_fields.field(0).varint());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(repeated_field->number(), unknown_fields.field(1).number());
+    ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT, unknown_fields.field(1).type());
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, unknown_fields.field(1).varint());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(repeated_field->number(), unknown_fields.field(2).number());
+    ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT, unknown_fields.field(2).type());
+    EXPECT_EQ(6, unknown_fields.field(2).varint());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, SpaceUsedExcludingSelf) {
+  UnknownFieldSet empty;
+  empty.AddVarint(1, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(std::vector<UnknownField>) + sizeof(UnknownField),
+            empty.SpaceUsedExcludingSelf());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, SpaceUsed) {
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage empty_message;
+
+  // Make sure an unknown field set has zero space used until a field is
+  // actually added.
+  int base_size = empty_message.SpaceUsed();
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields = empty_message.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  EXPECT_EQ(base_size, empty_message.SpaceUsed());
+
+  // Make sure each thing we add to the set increases the SpaceUsed().
+  unknown_fields->AddVarint(1, 0);
+  EXPECT_LT(base_size, empty_message.SpaceUsed());
+  base_size = empty_message.SpaceUsed();
+
+  std::string* str = unknown_fields->AddLengthDelimited(1);
+  EXPECT_LT(base_size, empty_message.SpaceUsed());
+  base_size = empty_message.SpaceUsed();
+
+  str->assign(sizeof(std::string) + 1, 'x');
+  EXPECT_LT(base_size, empty_message.SpaceUsed());
+  base_size = empty_message.SpaceUsed();
+
+  UnknownFieldSet* group = unknown_fields->AddGroup(1);
+  EXPECT_LT(base_size, empty_message.SpaceUsed());
+  base_size = empty_message.SpaceUsed();
+
+  group->AddVarint(1, 0);
+  EXPECT_LT(base_size, empty_message.SpaceUsed());
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, Empty) {
+  UnknownFieldSet unknown_fields;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(unknown_fields.empty());
+  unknown_fields.AddVarint(6, 123);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(unknown_fields.empty());
+  unknown_fields.Clear();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(unknown_fields.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, DeleteSubrange) {
+  // Exhaustively test the deletion of every possible subrange in arrays of all
+  // sizes from 0 through 9.
+  for (int size = 0; size < 10; ++size) {
+    for (int num = 0; num <= size; ++num) {
+      for (int start = 0; start < size - num; ++start) {
+        // Create a set with "size" fields.
+        UnknownFieldSet unknown;
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+          unknown.AddFixed32(i, i);
+        }
+        // Delete the specified subrange.
+        unknown.DeleteSubrange(start, num);
+        // Make sure the resulting field values are still correct.
+        EXPECT_EQ(size - num, unknown.field_count());
+        for (int i = 0; i < unknown.field_count(); ++i) {
+          if (i < start) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(i, unknown.field(i).fixed32());
+          } else {
+            EXPECT_EQ(i + num, unknown.field(i).fixed32());
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void CheckDeleteByNumber(const std::vector<int>& field_numbers,
+                         int deleted_number,
+                         const std::vector<int>& expected_field_nubmers) {
+  UnknownFieldSet unknown_fields;
+  for (int i = 0; i < field_numbers.size(); ++i) {
+    unknown_fields.AddFixed32(field_numbers[i], i);
+  }
+  unknown_fields.DeleteByNumber(deleted_number);
+  ASSERT_EQ(expected_field_nubmers.size(), unknown_fields.field_count());
+  for (int i = 0; i < expected_field_nubmers.size(); ++i) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_field_nubmers[i], unknown_fields.field(i).number());
+  }
+}
+
+#define MAKE_VECTOR(x) std::vector<int>(x, x + GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(x))
+TEST_F(UnknownFieldSetTest, DeleteByNumber) {
+  CheckDeleteByNumber(std::vector<int>(), 1, std::vector<int>());
+  static const int kTestFieldNumbers1[] = {1, 2, 3};
+  static const int kFieldNumberToDelete1 = 1;
+  static const int kExpectedFieldNumbers1[] = {2, 3};
+  CheckDeleteByNumber(MAKE_VECTOR(kTestFieldNumbers1), kFieldNumberToDelete1,
+                      MAKE_VECTOR(kExpectedFieldNumbers1));
+  static const int kTestFieldNumbers2[] = {1, 2, 3};
+  static const int kFieldNumberToDelete2 = 2;
+  static const int kExpectedFieldNumbers2[] = {1, 3};
+  CheckDeleteByNumber(MAKE_VECTOR(kTestFieldNumbers2), kFieldNumberToDelete2,
+                      MAKE_VECTOR(kExpectedFieldNumbers2));
+  static const int kTestFieldNumbers3[] = {1, 2, 3};
+  static const int kFieldNumberToDelete3 = 3;
+  static const int kExpectedFieldNumbers3[] = {1, 2};
+  CheckDeleteByNumber(MAKE_VECTOR(kTestFieldNumbers3), kFieldNumberToDelete3,
+                      MAKE_VECTOR(kExpectedFieldNumbers3));
+  static const int kTestFieldNumbers4[] = {1, 2, 1, 4, 1};
+  static const int kFieldNumberToDelete4 = 1;
+  static const int kExpectedFieldNumbers4[] = {2, 4};
+  CheckDeleteByNumber(MAKE_VECTOR(kTestFieldNumbers4), kFieldNumberToDelete4,
+                      MAKE_VECTOR(kExpectedFieldNumbers4));
+  static const int kTestFieldNumbers5[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+  static const int kFieldNumberToDelete5 = 6;
+  static const int kExpectedFieldNumbers5[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+  CheckDeleteByNumber(MAKE_VECTOR(kTestFieldNumbers5), kFieldNumberToDelete5,
+                      MAKE_VECTOR(kExpectedFieldNumbers5));
+}
+#undef MAKE_VECTOR
+}  // namespace
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..425dc2cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Adapted from the patch of kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+// See https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/pull/710 for details.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+bool SerializeDelimitedToFileDescriptor(const MessageLite& message,
+                                        int file_descriptor) {
+  io::FileOutputStream output(file_descriptor);
+  return SerializeDelimitedToZeroCopyStream(message, &output);
+}
+
+bool SerializeDelimitedToOstream(const MessageLite& message,
+                                 std::ostream* output) {
+  {
+    io::OstreamOutputStream zero_copy_output(output);
+    if (!SerializeDelimitedToZeroCopyStream(message, &zero_copy_output))
+      return false;
+  }
+  return output->good();
+}
+
+bool ParseDelimitedFromZeroCopyStream(MessageLite* message,
+                                      io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
+                                      bool* clean_eof) {
+  io::CodedInputStream coded_input(input);
+  return ParseDelimitedFromCodedStream(message, &coded_input, clean_eof);
+}
+
+bool ParseDelimitedFromCodedStream(MessageLite* message,
+                                   io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                   bool* clean_eof) {
+  if (clean_eof != NULL) *clean_eof = false;
+  int start = input->CurrentPosition();
+
+  // Read the size.
+  uint32 size;
+  if (!input->ReadVarint32(&size)) {
+    if (clean_eof != NULL) *clean_eof = input->CurrentPosition() == start;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Tell the stream not to read beyond that size.
+  io::CodedInputStream::Limit limit = input->PushLimit(size);
+
+  // Parse the message.
+  if (!message->MergeFromCodedStream(input)) return false;
+  if (!input->ConsumedEntireMessage()) return false;
+
+  // Release the limit.
+  input->PopLimit(limit);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool SerializeDelimitedToZeroCopyStream(const MessageLite& message,
+                                        io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) {
+  io::CodedOutputStream coded_output(output);
+  return SerializeDelimitedToCodedStream(message, &coded_output);
+}
+
+bool SerializeDelimitedToCodedStream(const MessageLite& message,
+                                     io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  // Write the size.
+  size_t size = message.ByteSizeLong();
+  if (size > INT_MAX) return false;
+
+  output->WriteVarint32(size);
+
+  // Write the content.
+  uint8* buffer = output->GetDirectBufferForNBytesAndAdvance(size);
+  if (buffer != NULL) {
+    // Optimization: The message fits in one buffer, so use the faster
+    // direct-to-array serialization path.
+    message.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(buffer);
+  } else {
+    // Slightly-slower path when the message is multiple buffers.
+    message.SerializeWithCachedSizes(output);
+    if (output->HadError()) return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3f7dbe8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Adapted from the patch of kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+// See https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/pull/710 for details.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_DELIMITED_MESSAGE_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_DELIMITED_MESSAGE_UTIL_H__
+
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+// Write a single size-delimited message from the given stream. Delimited
+// format allows a single file or stream to contain multiple messages,
+// whereas normally writing multiple non-delimited messages to the same
+// stream would cause them to be merged. A delimited message is a varint
+// encoding the message size followed by a message of exactly that size.
+//
+// Note that if you want to *read* a delimited message from a file descriptor
+// or istream, you will need to construct an io::FileInputStream or
+// io::OstreamInputStream (implementations of io::ZeroCopyStream) and use the
+// utility function ParseDelimitedFromZeroCopyStream(). You must then
+// continue to use the same ZeroCopyInputStream to read all further data from
+// the stream until EOF. This is because these ZeroCopyInputStream
+// implementations are buffered: they read a big chunk of data at a time,
+// then parse it. As a result, they may read past the end of the delimited
+// message. There is no way for them to push the extra data back into the
+// underlying source, so instead you must keep using the same stream object.
+bool PROTOBUF_EXPORT SerializeDelimitedToFileDescriptor(
+    const MessageLite& message, int file_descriptor);
+
+bool PROTOBUF_EXPORT SerializeDelimitedToOstream(const MessageLite& message,
+                                                 std::ostream* output);
+
+// Read a single size-delimited message from the given stream. Delimited
+// format allows a single file or stream to contain multiple messages,
+// whereas normally parsing consumes the entire input. A delimited message
+// is a varint encoding the message size followed by a message of exactly
+// that size.
+//
+// If |clean_eof| is not NULL, then it will be set to indicate whether the
+// stream ended cleanly. That is, if the stream ends without this method
+// having read any data at all from it, then *clean_eof will be set true,
+// otherwise it will be set false. Note that these methods return false
+// on EOF, but they also return false on other errors, so |clean_eof| is
+// needed to distinguish a clean end from errors.
+bool PROTOBUF_EXPORT ParseDelimitedFromZeroCopyStream(
+    MessageLite* message, io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input, bool* clean_eof);
+
+bool PROTOBUF_EXPORT ParseDelimitedFromCodedStream(MessageLite* message,
+                                                   io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                                   bool* clean_eof);
+
+// Write a single size-delimited message from the given stream. Delimited
+// format allows a single file or stream to contain multiple messages,
+// whereas normally writing multiple non-delimited messages to the same
+// stream would cause them to be merged. A delimited message is a varint
+// encoding the message size followed by a message of exactly that size.
+bool PROTOBUF_EXPORT SerializeDelimitedToZeroCopyStream(
+    const MessageLite& message, io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output);
+
+bool PROTOBUF_EXPORT SerializeDelimitedToCodedStream(
+    const MessageLite& message, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_DELIMITED_MESSAGE_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ed67784e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Adapted from the patch of kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+// See https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/pull/710 for details.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/delimited_message_util.h>
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+TEST(DelimitedMessageUtilTest, DelimitedMessages) {
+  std::stringstream stream;
+
+  {
+    protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message1;
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(SerializeDelimitedToOstream(message1, &stream));
+
+    protobuf_unittest::TestPackedTypes message2;
+    TestUtil::SetPackedFields(&message2);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(SerializeDelimitedToOstream(message2, &stream));
+  }
+
+  {
+    bool clean_eof;
+    io::IstreamInputStream zstream(&stream);
+
+    protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message1;
+    clean_eof = true;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ParseDelimitedFromZeroCopyStream(&message1,
+        &zstream, &clean_eof));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(clean_eof);
+    TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(message1);
+
+    protobuf_unittest::TestPackedTypes message2;
+    clean_eof = true;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ParseDelimitedFromZeroCopyStream(&message2,
+        &zstream, &clean_eof));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(clean_eof);
+    TestUtil::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(message2);
+
+    clean_eof = false;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(ParseDelimitedFromZeroCopyStream(&message2,
+        &zstream, &clean_eof));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(clean_eof);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54abcd43a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: ksroka@google.com (Krzysztof Sroka)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h>
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+FieldComparator::FieldComparator() {}
+FieldComparator::~FieldComparator() {}
+
+DefaultFieldComparator::DefaultFieldComparator()
+    : float_comparison_(EXACT),
+      treat_nan_as_equal_(false),
+      has_default_tolerance_(false) {}
+
+DefaultFieldComparator::~DefaultFieldComparator() {}
+
+FieldComparator::ComparisonResult DefaultFieldComparator::Compare(
+    const Message& message_1, const Message& message_2,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, int index_1, int index_2,
+    const util::FieldContext* field_context) {
+  const Reflection* reflection_1 = message_1.GetReflection();
+  const Reflection* reflection_2 = message_2.GetReflection();
+
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define COMPARE_FIELD(METHOD)                                                 \
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {                                                 \
+    return ResultFromBoolean(Compare##METHOD(                                 \
+        *field, reflection_1->GetRepeated##METHOD(message_1, field, index_1), \
+        reflection_2->GetRepeated##METHOD(message_2, field, index_2)));       \
+  } else {                                                                    \
+    return ResultFromBoolean(                                                 \
+        Compare##METHOD(*field, reflection_1->Get##METHOD(message_1, field),  \
+                        reflection_2->Get##METHOD(message_2, field)));        \
+  }                                                                           \
+  break;  // Make sure no fall-through is introduced.
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(Bool);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(Double);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(Enum);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(Float);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(Int32);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(Int64);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        // Allocate scratch strings to store the result if a conversion is
+        // needed.
+        std::string scratch1;
+        std::string scratch2;
+        return ResultFromBoolean(
+            CompareString(*field,
+                          reflection_1->GetRepeatedStringReference(
+                              message_1, field, index_1, &scratch1),
+                          reflection_2->GetRepeatedStringReference(
+                              message_2, field, index_2, &scratch2)));
+      } else {
+        // Allocate scratch strings to store the result if a conversion is
+        // needed.
+        std::string scratch1;
+        std::string scratch2;
+        return ResultFromBoolean(CompareString(
+            *field,
+            reflection_1->GetStringReference(message_1, field, &scratch1),
+            reflection_2->GetStringReference(message_2, field, &scratch2)));
+      }
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(UInt32);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(UInt64);
+
+#undef COMPARE_FIELD
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return RECURSE;
+
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "No comparison code for field " << field->full_name()
+                 << " of CppType = " << field->cpp_type();
+      return DIFFERENT;
+  }
+}
+
+bool DefaultFieldComparator::Compare(MessageDifferencer* differencer,
+                                     const Message& message1,
+                                     const Message& message2,
+                                     const util::FieldContext* field_context) {
+  return differencer->Compare(message1, message2,
+                              field_context->parent_fields());
+}
+
+void DefaultFieldComparator::SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(double fraction,
+                                                         double margin) {
+  default_tolerance_ = Tolerance(fraction, margin);
+  has_default_tolerance_ = true;
+}
+
+void DefaultFieldComparator::SetFractionAndMargin(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                                  double fraction,
+                                                  double margin) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT == field->cpp_type() ||
+        FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE == field->cpp_type())
+      << "Field has to be float or double type. Field name is: "
+      << field->full_name();
+  map_tolerance_[field] = Tolerance(fraction, margin);
+}
+
+bool DefaultFieldComparator::CompareDouble(const FieldDescriptor& field,
+                                           double value_1, double value_2) {
+  return CompareDoubleOrFloat(field, value_1, value_2);
+}
+
+bool DefaultFieldComparator::CompareEnum(const FieldDescriptor& field,
+                                         const EnumValueDescriptor* value_1,
+                                         const EnumValueDescriptor* value_2) {
+  return value_1->number() == value_2->number();
+}
+
+bool DefaultFieldComparator::CompareFloat(const FieldDescriptor& field,
+                                          float value_1, float value_2) {
+  return CompareDoubleOrFloat(field, value_1, value_2);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+bool DefaultFieldComparator::CompareDoubleOrFloat(const FieldDescriptor& field,
+                                                  T value_1, T value_2) {
+  if (value_1 == value_2) {
+    // Covers +inf and -inf (which are not within margin or fraction of
+    // themselves), and is a shortcut for finite values.
+    return true;
+  } else if (float_comparison_ == EXACT) {
+    if (treat_nan_as_equal_ && std::isnan(value_1) && std::isnan(value_2)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    if (treat_nan_as_equal_ && std::isnan(value_1) && std::isnan(value_2)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    // float_comparison_ == APPROXIMATE covers two use cases.
+    Tolerance* tolerance = FindOrNull(map_tolerance_, &field);
+    if (tolerance == NULL && has_default_tolerance_) {
+      tolerance = &default_tolerance_;
+    }
+    if (tolerance == NULL) {
+      return MathUtil::AlmostEquals(value_1, value_2);
+    } else {
+      // Use user-provided fraction and margin. Since they are stored as
+      // doubles, we explicitly cast them to types of values provided. This
+      // is very likely to fail if provided values are not numeric.
+      return MathUtil::WithinFractionOrMargin(
+          value_1, value_2, static_cast<T>(tolerance->fraction),
+          static_cast<T>(tolerance->margin));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+FieldComparator::ComparisonResult DefaultFieldComparator::ResultFromBoolean(
+    bool boolean_result) const {
+  return boolean_result ? FieldComparator::SAME : FieldComparator::DIFFERENT;
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b5ce52b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Defines classes for field comparison.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_FIELD_COMPARATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_FIELD_COMPARATOR_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Message;
+class EnumValueDescriptor;
+class FieldDescriptor;
+
+namespace util {
+
+class FieldContext;
+class MessageDifferencer;
+
+// Base class specifying the interface for comparing protocol buffer fields.
+// Regular users should consider using or subclassing DefaultFieldComparator
+// rather than this interface.
+// Currently, this does not support comparing unknown fields.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldComparator {
+ public:
+  FieldComparator();
+  virtual ~FieldComparator();
+
+  enum ComparisonResult {
+    SAME,       // Compared fields are equal. In case of comparing submessages,
+                // user should not recursively compare their contents.
+    DIFFERENT,  // Compared fields are different. In case of comparing
+                // submessages, user should not recursively compare their
+                // contents.
+    RECURSE,    // Compared submessages need to be compared recursively.
+                // FieldComparator does not specify the semantics of recursive
+                // comparison. This value should not be returned for simple
+                // values.
+  };
+
+  // Compares the values of a field in two protocol buffer messages.
+  // Returns SAME or DIFFERENT for simple values, and SAME, DIFFERENT or RECURSE
+  // for submessages. Returning RECURSE for fields not being submessages is
+  // illegal.
+  // In case the given FieldDescriptor points to a repeated field, the indices
+  // need to be valid. Otherwise they should be ignored.
+  //
+  // FieldContext contains information about the specific instances of the
+  // fields being compared, versus FieldDescriptor which only contains general
+  // type information about the fields.
+  virtual ComparisonResult Compare(const Message& message_1,
+                                   const Message& message_2,
+                                   const FieldDescriptor* field, int index_1,
+                                   int index_2,
+                                   const util::FieldContext* field_context) = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FieldComparator);
+};
+
+// Basic implementation of FieldComparator.  Supports three modes of floating
+// point value comparison: exact, approximate using MathUtil::AlmostEqual
+// method, and arbitrarily precise using MathUtil::WithinFractionOrMargin.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT DefaultFieldComparator : public FieldComparator {
+ public:
+  enum FloatComparison {
+    EXACT,        // Floats and doubles are compared exactly.
+    APPROXIMATE,  // Floats and doubles are compared using the
+                  // MathUtil::AlmostEqual method or
+                  // MathUtil::WithinFractionOrMargin method.
+    // TODO(ksroka): Introduce third value to differentiate uses of AlmostEqual
+    //               and WithinFractionOrMargin.
+  };
+
+  // Creates new comparator with float comparison set to EXACT.
+  DefaultFieldComparator();
+
+  ~DefaultFieldComparator() override;
+
+  ComparisonResult Compare(const Message& message_1, const Message& message_2,
+                           const FieldDescriptor* field, int index_1,
+                           int index_2,
+                           const util::FieldContext* field_context) override;
+
+  void set_float_comparison(FloatComparison float_comparison) {
+    float_comparison_ = float_comparison;
+  }
+
+  FloatComparison float_comparison() const { return float_comparison_; }
+
+  // Set whether the FieldComparator shall treat floats or doubles that are both
+  // NaN as equal (treat_nan_as_equal = true) or as different
+  // (treat_nan_as_equal = false). Default is treating NaNs always as different.
+  void set_treat_nan_as_equal(bool treat_nan_as_equal) {
+    treat_nan_as_equal_ = treat_nan_as_equal;
+  }
+
+  bool treat_nan_as_equal() const { return treat_nan_as_equal_; }
+
+  // Sets the fraction and margin for the float comparison of a given field.
+  // Uses MathUtil::WithinFractionOrMargin to compare the values.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: field->cpp_type == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE or
+  //           field->cpp_type == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT
+  // REQUIRES: float_comparison_ == APPROXIMATE
+  void SetFractionAndMargin(const FieldDescriptor* field, double fraction,
+                            double margin);
+
+  // Sets the fraction and margin for the float comparison of all float and
+  // double fields, unless a field has been given a specific setting via
+  // SetFractionAndMargin() above.
+  // Uses MathUtil::WithinFractionOrMargin to compare the values.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: float_comparison_ == APPROXIMATE
+  void SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(double fraction, double margin);
+
+ protected:
+  // Compare using the provided message_differencer. For example, a subclass can
+  // use this method to compare some field in a certain way using the same
+  // message_differencer instance and the field context.
+  bool Compare(MessageDifferencer* differencer, const Message& message1,
+               const Message& message2,
+               const util::FieldContext* field_context);
+
+ private:
+  // Defines the tolerance for floating point comparison (fraction and margin).
+  struct Tolerance {
+    double fraction;
+    double margin;
+    Tolerance() : fraction(0.0), margin(0.0) {}
+    Tolerance(double f, double m) : fraction(f), margin(m) {}
+  };
+
+  // Defines the map to store the tolerances for floating point comparison.
+  typedef std::map<const FieldDescriptor*, Tolerance> ToleranceMap;
+
+  // The following methods get executed when CompareFields is called for the
+  // basic types (instead of submessages). They return true on success. One
+  // can use ResultFromBoolean() to convert that boolean to a ComparisonResult
+  // value.
+  bool CompareBool(const FieldDescriptor& /* unused */, bool value_1,
+                   bool value_2) {
+    return value_1 == value_2;
+  }
+
+  // Uses CompareDoubleOrFloat, a helper function used by both CompareDouble and
+  // CompareFloat.
+  bool CompareDouble(const FieldDescriptor& field, double value_1,
+                     double value_2);
+
+  bool CompareEnum(const FieldDescriptor& field,
+                   const EnumValueDescriptor* value_1,
+                   const EnumValueDescriptor* value_2);
+
+  // Uses CompareDoubleOrFloat, a helper function used by both CompareDouble and
+  // CompareFloat.
+  bool CompareFloat(const FieldDescriptor& field, float value_1, float value_2);
+
+  bool CompareInt32(const FieldDescriptor& /* unused */, int32 value_1,
+                    int32 value_2) {
+    return value_1 == value_2;
+  }
+
+  bool CompareInt64(const FieldDescriptor& /* unused */, int64 value_1,
+                    int64 value_2) {
+    return value_1 == value_2;
+  }
+
+  bool CompareString(const FieldDescriptor& /* unused */,
+                     const std::string& value_1, const std::string& value_2) {
+    return value_1 == value_2;
+  }
+
+  bool CompareUInt32(const FieldDescriptor& /* unused */, uint32 value_1,
+                     uint32 value_2) {
+    return value_1 == value_2;
+  }
+
+  bool CompareUInt64(const FieldDescriptor& /* unused */, uint64 value_1,
+                     uint64 value_2) {
+    return value_1 == value_2;
+  }
+
+  // This function is used by CompareDouble and CompareFloat to avoid code
+  // duplication. There are no checks done against types of the values passed,
+  // but it's likely to fail if passed non-numeric arguments.
+  template <typename T>
+  bool CompareDoubleOrFloat(const FieldDescriptor& field, T value_1, T value_2);
+
+  // Returns FieldComparator::SAME if boolean_result is true and
+  // FieldComparator::DIFFERENT otherwise.
+  ComparisonResult ResultFromBoolean(bool boolean_result) const;
+
+  FloatComparison float_comparison_;
+
+  // If true, floats and doubles that are both NaN are considered to be
+  // equal. Otherwise, two floats or doubles that are NaN are considered to be
+  // different.
+  bool treat_nan_as_equal_;
+
+  // True iff default_tolerance_ has been explicitly set.
+  //
+  // If false, then the default tolerance for floats and doubles is that which
+  // is used by MathUtil::AlmostEquals().
+  bool has_default_tolerance_;
+
+  // Default float/double tolerance. Only meaningful if
+  // has_default_tolerance_ == true.
+  Tolerance default_tolerance_;
+
+  // Field-specific float/double tolerances, which override any default for
+  // those particular fields.
+  ToleranceMap map_tolerance_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(DefaultFieldComparator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_FIELD_COMPARATOR_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90a5cafdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: ksroka@google.com (Krzysztof Sroka)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h>
+
+#include <limits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace {
+
+using protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes;
+
+class DefaultFieldComparatorTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() { descriptor_ = TestAllTypes::descriptor(); }
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  DefaultFieldComparator comparator_;
+  TestAllTypes message_1_;
+  TestAllTypes message_2_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, RecursesIntoGroup) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optionalgroup");
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::RECURSE,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, RecursesIntoNestedMessage) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::RECURSE,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, RecursesIntoForeignMessage) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_foreign_message");
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::RECURSE,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, Int32Comparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_int32");
+  message_1_.set_optional_int32(1);
+  message_2_.set_optional_int32(1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_int32(-1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, Int64Comparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_int64");
+  message_1_.set_optional_int64(1L);
+  message_2_.set_optional_int64(1L);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_int64(-1L);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, UInt32Comparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_uint32");
+  message_1_.set_optional_uint32(1);
+  message_2_.set_optional_uint32(1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_uint32(2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, UInt64Comparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_uint64");
+  message_1_.set_optional_uint64(1L);
+  message_2_.set_optional_uint64(1L);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_uint64(2L);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, BooleanComparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_bool");
+  message_1_.set_optional_bool(true);
+  message_2_.set_optional_bool(true);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_bool(false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, EnumComparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
+  message_1_.set_optional_nested_enum(TestAllTypes::BAR);
+  message_2_.set_optional_nested_enum(TestAllTypes::BAR);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_nested_enum(TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, StringComparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_string");
+  message_1_.set_optional_string("foo");
+  message_2_.set_optional_string("foo");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_string("bar");
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, FloatingPointComparisonExact) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_float =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_float");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_double =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_double");
+
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(0.1f);
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(0.1f);
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(0.1);
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(0.1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(0.2f);
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(0.2);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, FloatingPointComparisonApproximate) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_float =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_float");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_double =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_double");
+
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(2.300005f);
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(2.300006f);
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(2.3000000000000003);
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(2.3000000000000007);
+
+  // Approximate comparison depends on MathUtil, so we assert on MathUtil
+  // results first to check if that's where the failure was introduced.
+  ASSERT_NE(message_1_.optional_float(), message_2_.optional_float());
+  ASSERT_NE(message_1_.optional_double(), message_2_.optional_double());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(MathUtil::AlmostEquals(message_1_.optional_float(),
+                                     message_2_.optional_float()));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(MathUtil::AlmostEquals(message_1_.optional_double(),
+                                     message_2_.optional_double()));
+
+  // DefaultFieldComparator's default float comparison mode is EXACT.
+  ASSERT_EQ(DefaultFieldComparator::EXACT, comparator_.float_comparison());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  comparator_.set_float_comparison(DefaultFieldComparator::APPROXIMATE);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, FloatingPointComparisonTreatNaNsAsEqual) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_float =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_float");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_double =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_double");
+
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN());
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN());
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+
+  // DefaultFieldComparator's default float comparison mode is EXACT with
+  // treating NaNs as different.
+  ASSERT_EQ(DefaultFieldComparator::EXACT, comparator_.float_comparison());
+  ASSERT_EQ(false, comparator_.treat_nan_as_equal());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+  comparator_.set_float_comparison(DefaultFieldComparator::APPROXIMATE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  comparator_.set_treat_nan_as_equal(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(true, comparator_.treat_nan_as_equal());
+  comparator_.set_float_comparison(DefaultFieldComparator::EXACT);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+  comparator_.set_float_comparison(DefaultFieldComparator::APPROXIMATE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest,
+       FloatingPointComparisonWithinFractionOrMargin) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_float =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_float");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_double =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_double");
+
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(100.0f);
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(109.9f);
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(100.0);
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(109.9);
+
+  comparator_.set_float_comparison(DefaultFieldComparator::APPROXIMATE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Should fail since the fraction is too low.
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.01, 0.0);
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.01, 0.0);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Should fail since the margin is too low.
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.0, 9.0);
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.0, 9.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Should succeed since the fraction is high enough.
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.2, 0.0);
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.2, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Should succeed since the margin is high enough.
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.0, 10.0);
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.0, 10.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Setting values for one of the fields should not affect the other.
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.0, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // +inf should be equal even though they are not technically within margin or
+  // fraction.
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.0, 0.0);
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.0, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // -inf should be equal even though they are not technically within margin or
+  // fraction.
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(-std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(-std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(-std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(-std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.0, 0.0);
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.0, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Finite values and inf should not be equal, even for a positive fraction.
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(0.0f);
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(0.0);
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.1, 0.0);
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.1, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1,
+                                nullptr));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1,
+                                nullptr));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest,
+       FloatingPointComparisonWithinDefaultFractionOrMargin) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_float =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_float");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_double =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_double");
+
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(100.0f);
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(109.9f);
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(100.0);
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(109.9);
+
+  comparator_.set_float_comparison(DefaultFieldComparator::APPROXIMATE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Set default fraction and margin.
+  comparator_.SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(0.01, 0.0);
+
+  // Float comparisons should fail since the fraction is too low.
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Set field-specific fraction and margin for one field (field_float) but not
+  // the other (field_double)
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.2, 0.0);
+
+  // The field with the override should succeed, since its field-specific
+  // fraction is high enough.
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  // The field with no override should fail, since the default fraction is too
+  // low
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Set the default fraction and margin high enough so that fields that use
+  // the default should succeed
+  comparator_.SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(0.2, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // The field with an override should still be OK
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Set fraction and margin for the field with an override to be too low
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.01, 0.0);
+
+  // Now our default is high enough but field_float's override is too low.
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      FieldComparator::SAME,
+      comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+// Simple test checking whether we compare values at correct indices.
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, RepeatedFieldComparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("repeated_string");
+
+  message_1_.add_repeated_string("foo");
+  message_1_.add_repeated_string("bar");
+  message_2_.add_repeated_string("bar");
+  message_2_.add_repeated_string("baz");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, 0, 0, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, 1, 1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, 1, 0, NULL));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3f347ed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,719 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+using google::protobuf::FieldMask;
+
+std::string FieldMaskUtil::ToString(const FieldMask& mask) {
+  return Join(mask.paths(), ",");
+}
+
+void FieldMaskUtil::FromString(StringPiece str, FieldMask* out) {
+  out->Clear();
+  std::vector<std::string> paths = Split(str, ",");
+  for (int i = 0; i < paths.size(); ++i) {
+    if (paths[i].empty()) continue;
+    out->add_paths(paths[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+bool FieldMaskUtil::SnakeCaseToCamelCase(StringPiece input,
+                                         std::string* output) {
+  output->clear();
+  bool after_underscore = false;
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); ++i) {
+    if (input[i] >= 'A' && input[i] <= 'Z') {
+      // The field name must not contain uppercase letters.
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (after_underscore) {
+      if (input[i] >= 'a' && input[i] <= 'z') {
+        output->push_back(input[i] + 'A' - 'a');
+        after_underscore = false;
+      } else {
+        // The character after a "_" must be a lowercase letter.
+        return false;
+      }
+    } else if (input[i] == '_') {
+      after_underscore = true;
+    } else {
+      output->push_back(input[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  if (after_underscore) {
+    // Trailing "_".
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool FieldMaskUtil::CamelCaseToSnakeCase(StringPiece input,
+                                         std::string* output) {
+  output->clear();
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); ++i) {
+    if (input[i] == '_') {
+      // The field name must not contain "_"s.
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (input[i] >= 'A' && input[i] <= 'Z') {
+      output->push_back('_');
+      output->push_back(input[i] + 'a' - 'A');
+    } else {
+      output->push_back(input[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool FieldMaskUtil::ToJsonString(const FieldMask& mask, std::string* out) {
+  out->clear();
+  for (int i = 0; i < mask.paths_size(); ++i) {
+    const std::string& path = mask.paths(i);
+    std::string camelcase_path;
+    if (!SnakeCaseToCamelCase(path, &camelcase_path)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (i > 0) {
+      out->push_back(',');
+    }
+    out->append(camelcase_path);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool FieldMaskUtil::FromJsonString(StringPiece str, FieldMask* out) {
+  out->Clear();
+  std::vector<std::string> paths = Split(str, ",");
+  for (int i = 0; i < paths.size(); ++i) {
+    if (paths[i].empty()) continue;
+    std::string snakecase_path;
+    if (!CamelCaseToSnakeCase(paths[i], &snakecase_path)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    out->add_paths(snakecase_path);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool FieldMaskUtil::GetFieldDescriptors(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, StringPiece path,
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* field_descriptors) {
+  if (field_descriptors != nullptr) {
+    field_descriptors->clear();
+  }
+  std::vector<std::string> parts = Split(path, ".");
+  for (int i = 0; i < parts.size(); ++i) {
+    const std::string& field_name = parts[i];
+    if (descriptor == nullptr) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor->FindFieldByName(field_name);
+    if (field == nullptr) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (field_descriptors != nullptr) {
+      field_descriptors->push_back(field);
+    }
+    if (!field->is_repeated() &&
+        field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      descriptor = field->message_type();
+    } else {
+      descriptor = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void FieldMaskUtil::GetFieldMaskForAllFields(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                             FieldMask* out) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); ++i) {
+    out->add_paths(descriptor->field(i)->name());
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+// A FieldMaskTree represents a FieldMask in a tree structure. For example,
+// given a FieldMask "foo.bar,foo.baz,bar.baz", the FieldMaskTree will be:
+//
+//   [root] -+- foo -+- bar
+//           |       |
+//           |       +- baz
+//           |
+//           +- bar --- baz
+//
+// In the tree, each leaf node represents a field path.
+class FieldMaskTree {
+ public:
+  FieldMaskTree();
+  ~FieldMaskTree();
+
+  void MergeFromFieldMask(const FieldMask& mask);
+  void MergeToFieldMask(FieldMask* mask);
+
+  // Add a field path into the tree. In a FieldMask, each field path matches
+  // the specified field and also all its sub-fields. If the field path to
+  // add is a sub-path of an existing field path in the tree (i.e., a leaf
+  // node), it means the tree already matches the given path so nothing will
+  // be added to the tree. If the path matches an existing non-leaf node in the
+  // tree, that non-leaf node will be turned into a leaf node with all its
+  // children removed because the path matches all the node's children.
+  void AddPath(const std::string& path);
+
+  // Remove a path from the tree.
+  // If the path is a sub-path of an existing field path in the tree, it means
+  // we need remove the existing fied path and add all sub-paths except
+  // specified path. If the path matches an existing node in the tree, this node
+  // will be moved.
+  void RemovePath(const std::string& path, const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+  // Calculate the intersection part of a field path with this tree and add
+  // the intersection field path into out.
+  void IntersectPath(const std::string& path, FieldMaskTree* out);
+
+  // Merge all fields specified by this tree from one message to another.
+  void MergeMessage(const Message& source,
+                    const FieldMaskUtil::MergeOptions& options,
+                    Message* destination) {
+    // Do nothing if the tree is empty.
+    if (root_.children.empty()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    MergeMessage(&root_, source, options, destination);
+  }
+
+  // Add required field path of the message to this tree based on current tree
+  // structure. If a message is present in the tree, add the path of its
+  // required field to the tree. This is to make sure that after trimming a
+  // message with required fields are set, check IsInitialized() will not fail.
+  void AddRequiredFieldPath(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    // Do nothing if the tree is empty.
+    if (root_.children.empty()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    AddRequiredFieldPath(&root_, descriptor);
+  }
+
+  // Trims all fields not specified by this tree from the given message.
+  // Returns true if the message is modified.
+  bool TrimMessage(Message* message) {
+    // Do nothing if the tree is empty.
+    if (root_.children.empty()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return TrimMessage(&root_, message);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  struct Node {
+    Node() {}
+
+    ~Node() { ClearChildren(); }
+
+    void ClearChildren() {
+      for (std::map<std::string, Node*>::iterator it = children.begin();
+           it != children.end(); ++it) {
+        delete it->second;
+      }
+      children.clear();
+    }
+
+    std::map<std::string, Node*> children;
+
+   private:
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Node);
+  };
+
+  // Merge a sub-tree to mask. This method adds the field paths represented
+  // by all leaf nodes descended from "node" to mask.
+  void MergeToFieldMask(const std::string& prefix, const Node* node,
+                        FieldMask* out);
+
+  // Merge all leaf nodes of a sub-tree to another tree.
+  void MergeLeafNodesToTree(const std::string& prefix, const Node* node,
+                            FieldMaskTree* out);
+
+  // Merge all fields specified by a sub-tree from one message to another.
+  void MergeMessage(const Node* node, const Message& source,
+                    const FieldMaskUtil::MergeOptions& options,
+                    Message* destination);
+
+  // Add required field path of the message to this tree based on current tree
+  // structure. If a message is present in the tree, add the path of its
+  // required field to the tree. This is to make sure that after trimming a
+  // message with required fields are set, check IsInitialized() will not fail.
+  void AddRequiredFieldPath(Node* node, const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+  // Trims all fields not specified by this sub-tree from the given message.
+  // Returns true if the message is actually modified
+  bool TrimMessage(const Node* node, Message* message);
+
+  Node root_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FieldMaskTree);
+};
+
+FieldMaskTree::FieldMaskTree() {}
+
+FieldMaskTree::~FieldMaskTree() {}
+
+void FieldMaskTree::MergeFromFieldMask(const FieldMask& mask) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < mask.paths_size(); ++i) {
+    AddPath(mask.paths(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldMaskTree::MergeToFieldMask(FieldMask* mask) {
+  MergeToFieldMask("", &root_, mask);
+}
+
+void FieldMaskTree::MergeToFieldMask(const std::string& prefix,
+                                     const Node* node, FieldMask* out) {
+  if (node->children.empty()) {
+    if (prefix.empty()) {
+      // This is the root node.
+      return;
+    }
+    out->add_paths(prefix);
+    return;
+  }
+  for (std::map<std::string, Node*>::const_iterator it = node->children.begin();
+       it != node->children.end(); ++it) {
+    std::string current_path =
+        prefix.empty() ? it->first : prefix + "." + it->first;
+    MergeToFieldMask(current_path, it->second, out);
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldMaskTree::AddPath(const std::string& path) {
+  std::vector<std::string> parts = Split(path, ".");
+  if (parts.empty()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  bool new_branch = false;
+  Node* node = &root_;
+  for (int i = 0; i < parts.size(); ++i) {
+    if (!new_branch && node != &root_ && node->children.empty()) {
+      // Path matches an existing leaf node. This means the path is already
+      // coverred by this tree (for example, adding "foo.bar.baz" to a tree
+      // which already contains "foo.bar").
+      return;
+    }
+    const std::string& node_name = parts[i];
+    Node*& child = node->children[node_name];
+    if (child == NULL) {
+      new_branch = true;
+      child = new Node();
+    }
+    node = child;
+  }
+  if (!node->children.empty()) {
+    node->ClearChildren();
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldMaskTree::RemovePath(const std::string& path,
+                               const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  if (root_.children.empty()) {
+    // Nothing to be removed from an empty tree. We shortcut it here so an empty
+    // tree won't be interpreted as a field mask containing all fields by the
+    // code below.
+    return;
+  }
+  std::vector<std::string> parts = Split(path, ".");
+  if (parts.empty()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  std::vector<Node*> nodes(parts.size());
+  Node* node = &root_;
+  const Descriptor* current_descriptor = descriptor;
+  Node* new_branch_node = nullptr;
+  for (int i = 0; i < parts.size(); ++i) {
+    nodes[i] = node;
+    const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor =
+        current_descriptor->FindFieldByName(parts[i]);
+    if (field_descriptor == nullptr ||
+        (field_descriptor->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+         i != parts.size() - 1)) {
+      // Invalid path.
+      if (new_branch_node != nullptr) {
+        // If add any new nodes, cleanup.
+        new_branch_node->ClearChildren();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (node->children.empty()) {
+      if (new_branch_node == nullptr) {
+        new_branch_node = node;
+      }
+      for (int i = 0; i < current_descriptor->field_count(); ++i) {
+        node->children[current_descriptor->field(i)->name()] = new Node();
+      }
+    }
+    if (ContainsKey(node->children, parts[i])) {
+      node = node->children[parts[i]];
+      if (field_descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+        current_descriptor = field_descriptor->message_type();
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Path does not exist.
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  // Remove path.
+  for (int i = parts.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    delete nodes[i]->children[parts[i]];
+    nodes[i]->children.erase(parts[i]);
+    if (!nodes[i]->children.empty()) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldMaskTree::IntersectPath(const std::string& path, FieldMaskTree* out) {
+  std::vector<std::string> parts = Split(path, ".");
+  if (parts.empty()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const Node* node = &root_;
+  for (int i = 0; i < parts.size(); ++i) {
+    if (node->children.empty()) {
+      if (node != &root_) {
+        out->AddPath(path);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    const std::string& node_name = parts[i];
+    const Node* result = FindPtrOrNull(node->children, node_name);
+    if (result == NULL) {
+      // No intersection found.
+      return;
+    }
+    node = result;
+  }
+  // Now we found a matching node with the given path. Add all leaf nodes
+  // to out.
+  MergeLeafNodesToTree(path, node, out);
+}
+
+void FieldMaskTree::MergeLeafNodesToTree(const std::string& prefix,
+                                         const Node* node, FieldMaskTree* out) {
+  if (node->children.empty()) {
+    out->AddPath(prefix);
+  }
+  for (std::map<std::string, Node*>::const_iterator it = node->children.begin();
+       it != node->children.end(); ++it) {
+    std::string current_path =
+        prefix.empty() ? it->first : prefix + "." + it->first;
+    MergeLeafNodesToTree(current_path, it->second, out);
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldMaskTree::MergeMessage(const Node* node, const Message& source,
+                                 const FieldMaskUtil::MergeOptions& options,
+                                 Message* destination) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!node->children.empty());
+  const Reflection* source_reflection = source.GetReflection();
+  const Reflection* destination_reflection = destination->GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = source.GetDescriptor();
+  for (std::map<std::string, Node*>::const_iterator it = node->children.begin();
+       it != node->children.end(); ++it) {
+    const std::string& field_name = it->first;
+    const Node* child = it->second;
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor->FindFieldByName(field_name);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot find field \"" << field_name << "\" in message "
+                 << descriptor->full_name();
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!child->children.empty()) {
+      // Sub-paths are only allowed for singular message fields.
+      if (field->is_repeated() ||
+          field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Field \"" << field_name << "\" in message "
+                   << descriptor->full_name()
+                   << " is not a singular message field and cannot "
+                   << "have sub-fields.";
+        continue;
+      }
+      MergeMessage(child, source_reflection->GetMessage(source, field), options,
+                   destination_reflection->MutableMessage(destination, field));
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!field->is_repeated()) {
+      switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define COPY_VALUE(TYPE, Name)                                              \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##TYPE: {                                   \
+    if (source_reflection->HasField(source, field)) {                       \
+      destination_reflection->Set##Name(                                    \
+          destination, field, source_reflection->Get##Name(source, field)); \
+    } else {                                                                \
+      destination_reflection->ClearField(destination, field);               \
+    }                                                                       \
+    break;                                                                  \
+  }
+        COPY_VALUE(BOOL, Bool)
+        COPY_VALUE(INT32, Int32)
+        COPY_VALUE(INT64, Int64)
+        COPY_VALUE(UINT32, UInt32)
+        COPY_VALUE(UINT64, UInt64)
+        COPY_VALUE(FLOAT, Float)
+        COPY_VALUE(DOUBLE, Double)
+        COPY_VALUE(ENUM, Enum)
+        COPY_VALUE(STRING, String)
+#undef COPY_VALUE
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+          if (options.replace_message_fields()) {
+            destination_reflection->ClearField(destination, field);
+          }
+          if (source_reflection->HasField(source, field)) {
+            destination_reflection->MutableMessage(destination, field)
+                ->MergeFrom(source_reflection->GetMessage(source, field));
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (options.replace_repeated_fields()) {
+        destination_reflection->ClearField(destination, field);
+      }
+      switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define COPY_REPEATED_VALUE(TYPE, Name)                            \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##TYPE: {                          \
+    int size = source_reflection->FieldSize(source, field);        \
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {                               \
+      destination_reflection->Add##Name(                           \
+          destination, field,                                      \
+          source_reflection->GetRepeated##Name(source, field, i)); \
+    }                                                              \
+    break;                                                         \
+  }
+        COPY_REPEATED_VALUE(BOOL, Bool)
+        COPY_REPEATED_VALUE(INT32, Int32)
+        COPY_REPEATED_VALUE(INT64, Int64)
+        COPY_REPEATED_VALUE(UINT32, UInt32)
+        COPY_REPEATED_VALUE(UINT64, UInt64)
+        COPY_REPEATED_VALUE(FLOAT, Float)
+        COPY_REPEATED_VALUE(DOUBLE, Double)
+        COPY_REPEATED_VALUE(ENUM, Enum)
+        COPY_REPEATED_VALUE(STRING, String)
+#undef COPY_REPEATED_VALUE
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+          int size = source_reflection->FieldSize(source, field);
+          for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+            destination_reflection->AddMessage(destination, field)
+                ->MergeFrom(
+                    source_reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(source, field, i));
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldMaskTree::AddRequiredFieldPath(Node* node,
+                                         const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  const int32 field_count = descriptor->field_count();
+  for (int index = 0; index < field_count; ++index) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor->field(index);
+    if (field->is_required()) {
+      const std::string& node_name = field->name();
+      Node*& child = node->children[node_name];
+      if (child == nullptr) {
+        // Add required field path to the tree
+        child = new Node();
+      } else if (child->children.empty()) {
+        // If the required field is in the tree and does not have any children,
+        // do nothing.
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Add required field in the children to the tree if the field is message.
+      if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+        AddRequiredFieldPath(child, field->message_type());
+      }
+    } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      std::map<std::string, Node*>::const_iterator it =
+          node->children.find(field->name());
+      if (it != node->children.end()) {
+        // Add required fields in the children to the
+        // tree if the field is a message and present in the tree.
+        Node* child = it->second;
+        if (!child->children.empty()) {
+          AddRequiredFieldPath(child, field->message_type());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool FieldMaskTree::TrimMessage(const Node* node, Message* message) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!node->children.empty());
+  const Reflection* reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message->GetDescriptor();
+  const int32 field_count = descriptor->field_count();
+  bool modified = false;
+  for (int index = 0; index < field_count; ++index) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor->field(index);
+    std::map<std::string, Node*>::const_iterator it =
+        node->children.find(field->name());
+    if (it == node->children.end()) {
+      if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        if (reflection->FieldSize(*message, field) != 0) {
+          modified = true;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (reflection->HasField(*message, field)) {
+          modified = true;
+        }
+      }
+      reflection->ClearField(message, field);
+    } else {
+      if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+        Node* child = it->second;
+        if (!child->children.empty() && reflection->HasField(*message, field)) {
+          bool nestedMessageChanged =
+              TrimMessage(child, reflection->MutableMessage(message, field));
+          modified = nestedMessageChanged || modified;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return modified;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void FieldMaskUtil::ToCanonicalForm(const FieldMask& mask, FieldMask* out) {
+  FieldMaskTree tree;
+  tree.MergeFromFieldMask(mask);
+  out->Clear();
+  tree.MergeToFieldMask(out);
+}
+
+void FieldMaskUtil::Union(const FieldMask& mask1, const FieldMask& mask2,
+                          FieldMask* out) {
+  FieldMaskTree tree;
+  tree.MergeFromFieldMask(mask1);
+  tree.MergeFromFieldMask(mask2);
+  out->Clear();
+  tree.MergeToFieldMask(out);
+}
+
+void FieldMaskUtil::Intersect(const FieldMask& mask1, const FieldMask& mask2,
+                              FieldMask* out) {
+  FieldMaskTree tree, intersection;
+  tree.MergeFromFieldMask(mask1);
+  for (int i = 0; i < mask2.paths_size(); ++i) {
+    tree.IntersectPath(mask2.paths(i), &intersection);
+  }
+  out->Clear();
+  intersection.MergeToFieldMask(out);
+}
+
+void FieldMaskUtil::Subtract(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                             const FieldMask& mask1, const FieldMask& mask2,
+                             FieldMask* out) {
+  if (mask1.paths().empty()) {
+    out->Clear();
+    return;
+  }
+  FieldMaskTree tree;
+  tree.MergeFromFieldMask(mask1);
+  for (int i = 0; i < mask2.paths_size(); ++i) {
+    tree.RemovePath(mask2.paths(i), descriptor);
+  }
+  out->Clear();
+  tree.MergeToFieldMask(out);
+}
+
+bool FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask(StringPiece path,
+                                      const FieldMask& mask) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < mask.paths_size(); ++i) {
+    const std::string& mask_path = mask.paths(i);
+    if (path == mask_path) {
+      return true;
+    } else if (mask_path.length() < path.length()) {
+      // Also check whether mask.paths(i) is a prefix of path.
+      if (path.substr(0, mask_path.length() + 1).compare(mask_path + ".") ==
+          0) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+void FieldMaskUtil::MergeMessageTo(const Message& source, const FieldMask& mask,
+                                   const MergeOptions& options,
+                                   Message* destination) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(source.GetDescriptor() == destination->GetDescriptor());
+  // Build a FieldMaskTree and walk through the tree to merge all specified
+  // fields.
+  FieldMaskTree tree;
+  tree.MergeFromFieldMask(mask);
+  tree.MergeMessage(source, options, destination);
+}
+
+bool FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(const FieldMask& mask, Message* message) {
+  // Build a FieldMaskTree and walk through the tree to merge all specified
+  // fields.
+  FieldMaskTree tree;
+  tree.MergeFromFieldMask(mask);
+  return tree.TrimMessage(GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(message));
+}
+
+bool FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(const FieldMask& mask, Message* message,
+                                const TrimOptions& options) {
+  // Build a FieldMaskTree and walk through the tree to merge all specified
+  // fields.
+  FieldMaskTree tree;
+  tree.MergeFromFieldMask(mask);
+  // If keep_required_fields is true, implicitely add required fields of
+  // a message present in the tree to prevent from trimming.
+  if (options.keep_required_fields()) {
+    tree.AddRequiredFieldPath(GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(message->GetDescriptor()));
+  }
+  return tree.TrimMessage(GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(message));
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75ea52064
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Defines utilities for the FieldMask well known type.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_FIELD_MASK_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_FIELD_MASK_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+// Must be included last.
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldMaskUtil {
+  typedef google::protobuf::FieldMask FieldMask;
+
+ public:
+  // Converts FieldMask to/from string, formatted by separating each path
+  // with a comma (e.g., "foo_bar,baz.quz").
+  static std::string ToString(const FieldMask& mask);
+  static void FromString(StringPiece str, FieldMask* out);
+
+  // Converts FieldMask to/from string, formatted according to proto3 JSON
+  // spec for FieldMask (e.g., "fooBar,baz.quz"). If the field name is not
+  // style conforming (i.e., not snake_case when converted to string, or not
+  // camelCase when converted from string), the conversion will fail.
+  static bool ToJsonString(const FieldMask& mask, std::string* out);
+  static bool FromJsonString(StringPiece str, FieldMask* out);
+
+  // Get the descriptors of the fields which the given path from the message
+  // descriptor traverses, if field_descriptors is not null.
+  // Return false if the path is not valid, and the content of field_descriptors
+  // is unspecified.
+  static bool GetFieldDescriptors(
+      const Descriptor* descriptor, StringPiece path,
+      std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* field_descriptors);
+
+  // Checks whether the given path is valid for type T.
+  template <typename T>
+  static bool IsValidPath(StringPiece path) {
+    return GetFieldDescriptors(T::descriptor(), path, nullptr);
+  }
+
+  // Checks whether the given FieldMask is valid for type T.
+  template <typename T>
+  static bool IsValidFieldMask(const FieldMask& mask) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < mask.paths_size(); ++i) {
+      if (!GetFieldDescriptors(T::descriptor(), mask.paths(i), nullptr))
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Adds a path to FieldMask after checking whether the given path is valid.
+  // This method check-fails if the path is not a valid path for type T.
+  template <typename T>
+  static void AddPathToFieldMask(StringPiece path, FieldMask* mask) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(IsValidPath<T>(path));
+    mask->add_paths(path);
+  }
+
+  // Creates a FieldMask with all fields of type T. This FieldMask only
+  // contains fields of T but not any sub-message fields.
+  template <typename T>
+  static FieldMask GetFieldMaskForAllFields() {
+    FieldMask out;
+    GetFieldMaskForAllFields(T::descriptor(), &out);
+    return out;
+  }
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED_MSG("Use *out = GetFieldMaskForAllFields() instead")
+  static void GetFieldMaskForAllFields(FieldMask* out) {
+    GetFieldMaskForAllFields(T::descriptor(), out);
+  }
+  // This flavor takes the protobuf type descriptor as an argument.
+  // Useful when the type is not known at compile time.
+  static void GetFieldMaskForAllFields(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                       FieldMask* out);
+
+  // Converts a FieldMask to the canonical form. It will:
+  //   1. Remove paths that are covered by another path. For example,
+  //      "foo.bar" is covered by "foo" and will be removed if "foo"
+  //      is also in the FieldMask.
+  //   2. Sort all paths in alphabetical order.
+  static void ToCanonicalForm(const FieldMask& mask, FieldMask* out);
+
+  // Creates an union of two FieldMasks.
+  static void Union(const FieldMask& mask1, const FieldMask& mask2,
+                    FieldMask* out);
+
+  // Creates an intersection of two FieldMasks.
+  static void Intersect(const FieldMask& mask1, const FieldMask& mask2,
+                        FieldMask* out);
+
+  // Subtracts mask2 from mask1 base of type T.
+  template <typename T>
+  static void Subtract(const FieldMask& mask1, const FieldMask& mask2,
+                       FieldMask* out) {
+    Subtract(T::descriptor(), mask1, mask2, out);
+  }
+  // This flavor takes the protobuf type descriptor as an argument.
+  // Useful when the type is not known at compile time.
+  static void Subtract(const Descriptor* descriptor, const FieldMask& mask1,
+                       const FieldMask& mask2, FieldMask* out);
+
+  // Returns true if path is covered by the given FieldMask. Note that path
+  // "foo.bar" covers all paths like "foo.bar.baz", "foo.bar.quz.x", etc.
+  // Also note that parent paths are not covered by explicit child path, i.e.
+  // "foo.bar" does NOT cover "foo", even if "bar" is the only child.
+  static bool IsPathInFieldMask(StringPiece path, const FieldMask& mask);
+
+  class MergeOptions;
+  // Merges fields specified in a FieldMask into another message.
+  static void MergeMessageTo(const Message& source, const FieldMask& mask,
+                             const MergeOptions& options, Message* destination);
+
+  class TrimOptions;
+  // Removes from 'message' any field that is not represented in the given
+  // FieldMask. If the FieldMask is empty, does nothing.
+  // Returns true if the message is modified.
+  static bool TrimMessage(const FieldMask& mask, Message* message);
+
+  // Removes from 'message' any field that is not represented in the given
+  // FieldMask with customized TrimOptions.
+  // If the FieldMask is empty, does nothing.
+  // Returns true if the message is modified.
+  static bool TrimMessage(const FieldMask& mask, Message* message,
+                          const TrimOptions& options);
+
+ private:
+  friend class SnakeCaseCamelCaseTest;
+  // Converts a field name from snake_case to camelCase:
+  //   1. Every character after "_" will be converted to uppercase.
+  //   2. All "_"s are removed.
+  // The conversion will fail if:
+  //   1. The field name contains uppercase letters.
+  //   2. Any character after a "_" is not a lowercase letter.
+  // If the conversion succeeds, it's guaranteed that the resulted
+  // camelCase name will yield the original snake_case name when
+  // converted using CamelCaseToSnakeCase().
+  //
+  // Note that the input can contain characters not allowed in C identifiers.
+  // For example, "foo_bar,baz_quz" will be converted to "fooBar,bazQuz"
+  // successfully.
+  static bool SnakeCaseToCamelCase(StringPiece input,
+                                   std::string* output);
+  // Converts a field name from camelCase to snake_case:
+  //   1. Every uppercase letter is converted to lowercase with a additional
+  //      preceding "-".
+  // The conversion will fail if:
+  //   1. The field name contains "_"s.
+  // If the conversion succeeds, it's guaranteed that the resulted
+  // snake_case name will yield the original camelCase name when
+  // converted using SnakeCaseToCamelCase().
+  //
+  // Note that the input can contain characters not allowed in C identifiers.
+  // For example, "fooBar,bazQuz" will be converted to "foo_bar,baz_quz"
+  // successfully.
+  static bool CamelCaseToSnakeCase(StringPiece input,
+                                   std::string* output);
+};
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldMaskUtil::MergeOptions {
+ public:
+  MergeOptions()
+      : replace_message_fields_(false), replace_repeated_fields_(false) {}
+  // When merging message fields, the default behavior is to merge the
+  // content of two message fields together. If you instead want to use
+  // the field from the source message to replace the corresponding field
+  // in the destination message, set this flag to true. When this flag is set,
+  // specified submessage fields that are missing in source will be cleared in
+  // destination.
+  void set_replace_message_fields(bool value) {
+    replace_message_fields_ = value;
+  }
+  bool replace_message_fields() const { return replace_message_fields_; }
+  // The default merging behavior will append entries from the source
+  // repeated field to the destination repeated field. If you only want
+  // to keep the entries from the source repeated field, set this flag
+  // to true.
+  void set_replace_repeated_fields(bool value) {
+    replace_repeated_fields_ = value;
+  }
+  bool replace_repeated_fields() const { return replace_repeated_fields_; }
+
+ private:
+  bool replace_message_fields_;
+  bool replace_repeated_fields_;
+};
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldMaskUtil::TrimOptions {
+ public:
+  TrimOptions() : keep_required_fields_(false) {}
+  // When trimming message fields, the default behavior is to trim required
+  // fields of the present message if they are not specified in the field mask.
+  // If you instead want to keep required fields of the present message even
+  // they are not specified in the field mask, set this flag to true.
+  void set_keep_required_fields(bool value) { keep_required_fields_ = value; }
+  bool keep_required_fields() const { return keep_required_fields_; }
+
+ private:
+  bool keep_required_fields_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_FIELD_MASK_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..401a56a4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,820 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/field_mask_util.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+class SnakeCaseCamelCaseTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  string SnakeCaseToCamelCase(const std::string& input) {
+    std::string output;
+    if (FieldMaskUtil::SnakeCaseToCamelCase(input, &output)) {
+      return output;
+    } else {
+      return "#FAIL#";
+    }
+  }
+
+  string CamelCaseToSnakeCase(const std::string& input) {
+    std::string output;
+    if (FieldMaskUtil::CamelCaseToSnakeCase(input, &output)) {
+      return output;
+    } else {
+      return "#FAIL#";
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+namespace {
+
+TEST_F(SnakeCaseCamelCaseTest, SnakeToCamel) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("fooBar", SnakeCaseToCamelCase("foo_bar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("FooBar", SnakeCaseToCamelCase("_foo_bar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo3Bar", SnakeCaseToCamelCase("foo3_bar"));
+  // No uppercase letter is allowed.
+  EXPECT_EQ("#FAIL#", SnakeCaseToCamelCase("Foo"));
+  // Any character after a "_" must be a lowercase letter.
+  //   1. "_" cannot be followed by another "_".
+  //   2. "_" cannot be followed by a digit.
+  //   3. "_" cannot appear as the last character.
+  EXPECT_EQ("#FAIL#", SnakeCaseToCamelCase("foo__bar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("#FAIL#", SnakeCaseToCamelCase("foo_3bar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("#FAIL#", SnakeCaseToCamelCase("foo_bar_"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SnakeCaseCamelCaseTest, CamelToSnake) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo_bar", CamelCaseToSnakeCase("fooBar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("_foo_bar", CamelCaseToSnakeCase("FooBar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo3_bar", CamelCaseToSnakeCase("foo3Bar"));
+  // "_"s are not allowed.
+  EXPECT_EQ("#FAIL#", CamelCaseToSnakeCase("foo_bar"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(SnakeCaseCamelCaseTest, RoundTripTest) {
+  // Enumerates all possible snake_case names and test that converting it to
+  // camelCase and then to snake_case again will yield the original name.
+  std::string name = "___abc123";
+  std::sort(name.begin(), name.end());
+  do {
+    std::string camelName = SnakeCaseToCamelCase(name);
+    if (camelName != "#FAIL#") {
+      EXPECT_EQ(name, CamelCaseToSnakeCase(camelName));
+    }
+  } while (std::next_permutation(name.begin(), name.end()));
+
+  // Enumerates all possible camelCase names and test that converting it to
+  // snake_case and then to camelCase again will yield the original name.
+  name = "abcABC123";
+  std::sort(name.begin(), name.end());
+  do {
+    std::string camelName = CamelCaseToSnakeCase(name);
+    if (camelName != "#FAIL#") {
+      EXPECT_EQ(name, SnakeCaseToCamelCase(camelName));
+    }
+  } while (std::next_permutation(name.begin(), name.end()));
+}
+
+using google::protobuf::FieldMask;
+using protobuf_unittest::NestedTestAllTypes;
+using protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes;
+using protobuf_unittest::TestRequired;
+using protobuf_unittest::TestRequiredMessage;
+
+TEST(FieldMaskUtilTest, StringFormat) {
+  FieldMask mask;
+  EXPECT_EQ("", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(mask));
+  mask.add_paths("foo_bar");
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo_bar", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(mask));
+  mask.add_paths("baz_quz");
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo_bar,baz_quz", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(mask));
+
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("", &mask);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, mask.paths_size());
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("fooBar", &mask);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, mask.paths_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("fooBar", mask.paths(0));
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("fooBar,bazQuz", &mask);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, mask.paths_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("fooBar", mask.paths(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bazQuz", mask.paths(1));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldMaskUtilTest, JsonStringFormat) {
+  FieldMask mask;
+  std::string value;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::ToJsonString(mask, &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", value);
+  mask.add_paths("foo_bar");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::ToJsonString(mask, &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ("fooBar", value);
+  mask.add_paths("bar_quz");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::ToJsonString(mask, &value));
+  EXPECT_EQ("fooBar,barQuz", value);
+
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromJsonString("", &mask);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, mask.paths_size());
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromJsonString("fooBar", &mask);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, mask.paths_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo_bar", mask.paths(0));
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromJsonString("fooBar,bazQuz", &mask);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, mask.paths_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo_bar", mask.paths(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz_quz", mask.paths(1));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldMaskUtilTest, GetFieldDescriptors) {
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> field_descriptors;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::GetFieldDescriptors(
+      TestAllTypes::descriptor(), "optional_int32", &field_descriptors));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, field_descriptors.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("optional_int32", field_descriptors[0]->name());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FieldMaskUtil::GetFieldDescriptors(
+      TestAllTypes::descriptor(), "optional_nonexist", nullptr));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::GetFieldDescriptors(TestAllTypes::descriptor(),
+                                                 "optional_nested_message.bb",
+                                                 &field_descriptors));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, field_descriptors.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("optional_nested_message", field_descriptors[0]->name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bb", field_descriptors[1]->name());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FieldMaskUtil::GetFieldDescriptors(
+      TestAllTypes::descriptor(), "optional_nested_message.nonexist", nullptr));
+  // FieldMask cannot be used to specify sub-fields of a repeated message.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FieldMaskUtil::GetFieldDescriptors(
+      TestAllTypes::descriptor(), "repeated_nested_message.bb", nullptr));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldMaskUtilTest, TestIsVaildPath) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsValidPath<TestAllTypes>("optional_int32"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FieldMaskUtil::IsValidPath<TestAllTypes>("optional_nonexist"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      FieldMaskUtil::IsValidPath<TestAllTypes>("optional_nested_message.bb"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FieldMaskUtil::IsValidPath<TestAllTypes>(
+      "optional_nested_message.nonexist"));
+  // FieldMask cannot be used to specify sub-fields of a repeated message.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      FieldMaskUtil::IsValidPath<TestAllTypes>("repeated_nested_message.bb"));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldMaskUtilTest, TestIsValidFieldMask) {
+  FieldMask mask;
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("optional_int32,optional_nested_message.bb", &mask);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsValidFieldMask<TestAllTypes>(mask));
+
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString(
+      "optional_int32,optional_nested_message.bb,optional_nonexist", &mask);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FieldMaskUtil::IsValidFieldMask<TestAllTypes>(mask));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldMaskUtilTest, TestGetFieldMaskForAllFields) {
+  FieldMask mask;
+  mask = FieldMaskUtil::GetFieldMaskForAllFields<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>();
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, mask.paths_size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("bb", mask));
+
+  mask = FieldMaskUtil::GetFieldMaskForAllFields<TestAllTypes>();
+  EXPECT_EQ(75, mask.paths_size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_int32", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_int64", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_uint32", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_uint64", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_sint32", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_sint64", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_fixed32", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_fixed64", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_sfixed32", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_sfixed64", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_float", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_double", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_bool", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_string", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_bytes", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_nested_message", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_foreign_message", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_import_message", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_nested_enum", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_foreign_enum", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("optional_import_enum", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_int32", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_int64", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_uint32", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_uint64", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_sint32", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_sint64", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_fixed32", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_fixed64", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_sfixed32", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_sfixed64", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_float", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_double", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_bool", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_string", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_bytes", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_nested_message", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_foreign_message", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_import_message", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_nested_enum", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_foreign_enum", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("repeated_import_enum", mask));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldMaskUtilTest, TestToCanonicalForm) {
+  FieldMask in, out;
+  // Paths will be sorted.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("baz.quz,bar,foo", &in);
+  FieldMaskUtil::ToCanonicalForm(in, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar,baz.quz,foo", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+  // Duplicated paths will be removed.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("foo,bar,foo", &in);
+  FieldMaskUtil::ToCanonicalForm(in, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar,foo", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+  // Sub-paths of other paths will be removed.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("foo.b1,bar.b1,foo.b2,bar", &in);
+  FieldMaskUtil::ToCanonicalForm(in, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar,foo.b1,foo.b2", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+
+  // Test more deeply nested cases.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString(
+      "foo.bar.baz1,"
+      "foo.bar.baz2.quz,"
+      "foo.bar.baz2",
+      &in);
+  FieldMaskUtil::ToCanonicalForm(in, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.bar.baz1,foo.bar.baz2", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString(
+      "foo.bar.baz1,"
+      "foo.bar.baz2,"
+      "foo.bar.baz2.quz",
+      &in);
+  FieldMaskUtil::ToCanonicalForm(in, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.bar.baz1,foo.bar.baz2", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString(
+      "foo.bar.baz1,"
+      "foo.bar.baz2,"
+      "foo.bar.baz2.quz,"
+      "foo.bar",
+      &in);
+  FieldMaskUtil::ToCanonicalForm(in, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.bar", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString(
+      "foo.bar.baz1,"
+      "foo.bar.baz2,"
+      "foo.bar.baz2.quz,"
+      "foo",
+      &in);
+  FieldMaskUtil::ToCanonicalForm(in, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldMaskUtilTest, TestUnion) {
+  FieldMask mask1, mask2, out;
+  // Test cases without overlapping.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("foo,baz", &mask1);
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("bar,quz", &mask2);
+  FieldMaskUtil::Union(mask1, mask2, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar,baz,foo,quz", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+  // Overlap with duplicated paths.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("foo,baz.bb", &mask1);
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("baz.bb,quz", &mask2);
+  FieldMaskUtil::Union(mask1, mask2, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz.bb,foo,quz", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+  // Overlap with paths covering some other paths.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("foo.bar.baz,quz", &mask1);
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("foo.bar,bar", &mask2);
+  FieldMaskUtil::Union(mask1, mask2, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar,foo.bar,quz", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldMaskUtilTest, TestIntersect) {
+  FieldMask mask1, mask2, out;
+  // Test cases without overlapping.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("foo,baz", &mask1);
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("bar,quz", &mask2);
+  FieldMaskUtil::Intersect(mask1, mask2, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+  // Overlap with duplicated paths.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("foo,baz.bb", &mask1);
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("baz.bb,quz", &mask2);
+  FieldMaskUtil::Intersect(mask1, mask2, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("baz.bb", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+  // Overlap with paths covering some other paths.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("foo.bar.baz,quz", &mask1);
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("foo.bar,bar", &mask2);
+  FieldMaskUtil::Intersect(mask1, mask2, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo.bar.baz", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldMaskUtilTest, TestSubtract) {
+  FieldMask mask1, mask2, out;
+  // Normal case.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString(
+      "optional_int32,optional_uint64,optional_nested_message,optional_foreign_"
+      "message,repeated_int32,repeated_foreign_message,repeated_nested_message."
+      "bb",
+      &mask1);
+
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString(
+      "optional_int32,optional_nested_message.bb,optional_foreign_message.c,"
+      "repeated_int32,repeated_nested_message.bb,repeated_foreign_message.f,"
+      "repeated_foreign_message.d,repeated_nested_message.bb,repeated_uint32",
+      &mask2);
+
+  FieldMaskUtil::Subtract<TestAllTypes>(mask1, mask2, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "optional_foreign_message.d,optional_uint64,repeated_foreign_message.c",
+      FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+
+  // mask1 is empty.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("", &mask1);
+  FieldMaskUtil::Subtract<TestAllTypes>(mask1, mask2, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+
+  // mask1 is "optional_nested_message" and mask2 is
+  // "optional_nested_message.nonexist_field".
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("optional_nested_message", &mask1);
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("optional_nested_message.nonexist_field", &mask2);
+  FieldMaskUtil::Subtract<TestAllTypes>(mask1, mask2, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("optional_nested_message", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+
+  // mask1 is "optional_nested_message" and mask2 is
+  // "optional_nested_message".
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("optional_nested_message", &mask1);
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("optional_nested_message", &mask2);
+  FieldMaskUtil::Subtract<TestAllTypes>(mask1, mask2, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+
+  // Regression test for b/72727550
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("optional_foreign_message.c", &mask1);
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("optional_foreign_message,optional_nested_message",
+                            &mask2);
+  FieldMaskUtil::Subtract<TestAllTypes>(mask1, mask2, &out);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", FieldMaskUtil::ToString(out));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldMaskUtilTest, TestIspathInFieldMask) {
+  FieldMask mask;
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("foo.bar", &mask);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("", mask));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("foo", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("foo.bar", mask));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("foo.bar.baz", mask));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FieldMaskUtil::IsPathInFieldMask("foo.bar0.baz", mask));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldMaskUtilTest, MergeMessage) {
+  TestAllTypes src, dst;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&src);
+  FieldMaskUtil::MergeOptions options;
+
+#define TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(field_name)           \
+  {                                                          \
+    TestAllTypes tmp;                                        \
+    tmp.set_##field_name(src.field_name());                  \
+    FieldMask mask;                                          \
+    mask.add_paths(#field_name);                             \
+    dst.Clear();                                             \
+    FieldMaskUtil::MergeMessageTo(src, mask, options, &dst); \
+    EXPECT_EQ(tmp.DebugString(), dst.DebugString());         \
+    src.clear_##field_name();                                \
+    tmp.clear_##field_name();                                \
+    FieldMaskUtil::MergeMessageTo(src, mask, options, &dst); \
+    EXPECT_EQ(tmp.DebugString(), dst.DebugString());         \
+  }
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_int32)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_int64)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_uint32)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_uint64)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_sint32)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_sint64)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_fixed32)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_fixed64)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_sfixed32)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_sfixed64)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_float)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_double)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_bool)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_string)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_bytes)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_nested_enum)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_foreign_enum)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_import_enum)
+#undef TEST_MERGE_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD
+
+#define TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(field_name)                     \
+  {                                                          \
+    TestAllTypes tmp;                                        \
+    *tmp.mutable_##field_name() = src.field_name();          \
+    FieldMask mask;                                          \
+    mask.add_paths(#field_name);                             \
+    dst.Clear();                                             \
+    FieldMaskUtil::MergeMessageTo(src, mask, options, &dst); \
+    EXPECT_EQ(tmp.DebugString(), dst.DebugString());         \
+  }
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(optional_nested_message)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(optional_foreign_message)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(optional_import_message)
+
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_int32)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_int64)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_uint32)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_uint64)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_sint32)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_sint64)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_fixed32)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_fixed64)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_sfixed32)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_sfixed64)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_float)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_double)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_bool)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_string)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_bytes)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_nested_message)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_foreign_message)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_import_message)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_nested_enum)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_foreign_enum)
+  TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD(repeated_import_enum)
+#undef TEST_MERGE_ONE_FIELD
+
+  // Test merge nested fields.
+  NestedTestAllTypes nested_src, nested_dst;
+  nested_src.mutable_child()->mutable_payload()->set_optional_int32(1234);
+  nested_src.mutable_child()
+      ->mutable_child()
+      ->mutable_payload()
+      ->set_optional_int32(5678);
+  FieldMask mask;
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("child.payload", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::MergeMessageTo(nested_src, mask, options, &nested_dst);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, nested_dst.child().payload().optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, nested_dst.child().child().payload().optional_int32());
+
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("child.child.payload", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::MergeMessageTo(nested_src, mask, options, &nested_dst);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, nested_dst.child().payload().optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5678, nested_dst.child().child().payload().optional_int32());
+
+  nested_dst.Clear();
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("child.child.payload", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::MergeMessageTo(nested_src, mask, options, &nested_dst);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, nested_dst.child().payload().optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5678, nested_dst.child().child().payload().optional_int32());
+
+  nested_dst.Clear();
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("child", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::MergeMessageTo(nested_src, mask, options, &nested_dst);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, nested_dst.child().payload().optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5678, nested_dst.child().child().payload().optional_int32());
+
+  // Test MergeOptions.
+
+  nested_dst.Clear();
+  nested_dst.mutable_child()->mutable_payload()->set_optional_int64(4321);
+  // Message fields will be merged by default.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("child.payload", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::MergeMessageTo(nested_src, mask, options, &nested_dst);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, nested_dst.child().payload().optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4321, nested_dst.child().payload().optional_int64());
+  // Change the behavior to replace message fields.
+  options.set_replace_message_fields(true);
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("child.payload", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::MergeMessageTo(nested_src, mask, options, &nested_dst);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, nested_dst.child().payload().optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, nested_dst.child().payload().optional_int64());
+
+  // By default, fields missing in source are not cleared in destination.
+  options.set_replace_message_fields(false);
+  nested_dst.mutable_payload();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nested_dst.has_payload());
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("payload", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::MergeMessageTo(nested_src, mask, options, &nested_dst);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(nested_dst.has_payload());
+  // But they are cleared when replacing message fields.
+  options.set_replace_message_fields(true);
+  nested_dst.Clear();
+  nested_dst.mutable_payload();
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("payload", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::MergeMessageTo(nested_src, mask, options, &nested_dst);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(nested_dst.has_payload());
+
+  nested_src.mutable_payload()->add_repeated_int32(1234);
+  nested_dst.mutable_payload()->add_repeated_int32(5678);
+  // Repeated fields will be appended by default.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("payload.repeated_int32", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::MergeMessageTo(nested_src, mask, options, &nested_dst);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, nested_dst.payload().repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5678, nested_dst.payload().repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, nested_dst.payload().repeated_int32(1));
+  // Change the behavior to replace repeated fields.
+  options.set_replace_repeated_fields(true);
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("payload.repeated_int32", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::MergeMessageTo(nested_src, mask, options, &nested_dst);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, nested_dst.payload().repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, nested_dst.payload().repeated_int32(0));
+}
+
+TEST(FieldMaskUtilTest, TrimMessage) {
+#define TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(field_name)    \
+  {                                                  \
+    TestAllTypes msg;                                \
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg);                    \
+    TestAllTypes tmp;                                \
+    tmp.set_##field_name(msg.field_name());          \
+    FieldMask mask;                                  \
+    mask.add_paths(#field_name);                     \
+    FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &msg);          \
+    EXPECT_EQ(tmp.DebugString(), msg.DebugString()); \
+  }
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_int32)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_int64)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_uint32)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_uint64)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_sint32)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_sint64)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_fixed32)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_fixed64)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_sfixed32)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_sfixed64)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_float)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_double)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_bool)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_string)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_bytes)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_nested_enum)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_foreign_enum)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD(optional_import_enum)
+#undef TEST_TRIM_ONE_PRIMITIVE_FIELD
+
+#define TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(field_name)              \
+  {                                                  \
+    TestAllTypes msg;                                \
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg);                    \
+    TestAllTypes tmp;                                \
+    *tmp.mutable_##field_name() = msg.field_name();  \
+    FieldMask mask;                                  \
+    mask.add_paths(#field_name);                     \
+    FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &msg);          \
+    EXPECT_EQ(tmp.DebugString(), msg.DebugString()); \
+  }
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(optional_nested_message)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(optional_foreign_message)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(optional_import_message)
+
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_int32)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_int64)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_uint32)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_uint64)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_sint32)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_sint64)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_fixed32)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_fixed64)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_sfixed32)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_sfixed64)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_float)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_double)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_bool)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_string)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_bytes)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_nested_message)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_foreign_message)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_import_message)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_nested_enum)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_foreign_enum)
+  TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD(repeated_import_enum)
+#undef TEST_TRIM_ONE_FIELD
+
+  // Test trim nested fields.
+  NestedTestAllTypes nested_msg;
+  nested_msg.mutable_child()->mutable_payload()->set_optional_int32(1234);
+  nested_msg.mutable_child()
+      ->mutable_child()
+      ->mutable_payload()
+      ->set_optional_int32(5678);
+  NestedTestAllTypes trimmed_msg(nested_msg);
+  FieldMask mask;
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("child.payload", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimmed_msg);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, trimmed_msg.child().payload().optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, trimmed_msg.child().child().payload().optional_int32());
+
+  trimmed_msg = nested_msg;
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("child.child.payload", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimmed_msg);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, trimmed_msg.child().payload().optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5678, trimmed_msg.child().child().payload().optional_int32());
+
+  trimmed_msg = nested_msg;
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("child", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimmed_msg);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234, trimmed_msg.child().payload().optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5678, trimmed_msg.child().child().payload().optional_int32());
+
+  trimmed_msg = nested_msg;
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("child.child", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimmed_msg);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, trimmed_msg.child().payload().optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_EQ(5678, trimmed_msg.child().child().payload().optional_int32());
+
+  // Verify than an empty FieldMask trims nothing
+  TestAllTypes all_types_msg;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&all_types_msg);
+  TestAllTypes trimmed_all_types(all_types_msg);
+  FieldMask empty_mask;
+  FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(empty_mask, &trimmed_all_types);
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimmed_all_types.DebugString(), all_types_msg.DebugString());
+
+  // Test trim required fields with keep_required_fields is set true.
+  FieldMaskUtil::TrimOptions options;
+  TestRequired required_msg_1;
+  required_msg_1.set_a(1234);
+  required_msg_1.set_b(3456);
+  required_msg_1.set_c(5678);
+  TestRequired trimmed_required_msg_1(required_msg_1);
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("dummy2", &mask);
+  options.set_keep_required_fields(true);
+  FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimmed_required_msg_1, options);
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimmed_required_msg_1.DebugString(), required_msg_1.DebugString());
+
+  // Test trim required fields with keep_required_fields is set false.
+  required_msg_1.clear_a();
+  required_msg_1.clear_b();
+  required_msg_1.clear_c();
+  options.set_keep_required_fields(false);
+  FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimmed_required_msg_1, options);
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimmed_required_msg_1.DebugString(), required_msg_1.DebugString());
+
+  // Test trim required message with keep_required_fields is set true.
+  TestRequiredMessage required_msg_2;
+  required_msg_2.mutable_optional_message()->set_a(1234);
+  required_msg_2.mutable_optional_message()->set_b(3456);
+  required_msg_2.mutable_optional_message()->set_c(5678);
+  required_msg_2.mutable_required_message()->set_a(1234);
+  required_msg_2.mutable_required_message()->set_b(3456);
+  required_msg_2.mutable_required_message()->set_c(5678);
+  required_msg_2.mutable_required_message()->set_dummy2(7890);
+  TestRequired* repeated_msg = required_msg_2.add_repeated_message();
+  repeated_msg->set_a(1234);
+  repeated_msg->set_b(3456);
+  repeated_msg->set_c(5678);
+  TestRequiredMessage trimmed_required_msg_2(required_msg_2);
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("optional_message.dummy2", &mask);
+  options.set_keep_required_fields(true);
+  required_msg_2.clear_repeated_message();
+  required_msg_2.mutable_required_message()->clear_dummy2();
+  FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimmed_required_msg_2, options);
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimmed_required_msg_2.DebugString(), required_msg_2.DebugString());
+
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("required_message", &mask);
+  required_msg_2.mutable_required_message()->set_dummy2(7890);
+  trimmed_required_msg_2.mutable_required_message()->set_dummy2(7890);
+  required_msg_2.clear_optional_message();
+  FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimmed_required_msg_2, options);
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimmed_required_msg_2.DebugString(), required_msg_2.DebugString());
+
+  // Test trim required message with keep_required_fields is set false.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("required_message.dummy2", &mask);
+  required_msg_2.mutable_required_message()->clear_a();
+  required_msg_2.mutable_required_message()->clear_b();
+  required_msg_2.mutable_required_message()->clear_c();
+  options.set_keep_required_fields(false);
+  FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimmed_required_msg_2, options);
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimmed_required_msg_2.DebugString(), required_msg_2.DebugString());
+
+  // Verify that trimming an empty message has no effect. In particular, fields
+  // mentioned in the field mask should not be created or changed.
+  TestAllTypes empty_msg;
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString(
+      "optional_int32,optional_bytes,optional_nested_message.bb", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &empty_msg);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(empty_msg.has_optional_int32());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(empty_msg.has_optional_bytes());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(empty_msg.has_optional_nested_message());
+
+  // Verify trimming of oneof fields. This should work as expected even if
+  // multiple elements of the same oneof are included in the FieldMask.
+  TestAllTypes oneof_msg;
+  oneof_msg.set_oneof_uint32(11);
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("oneof_uint32,oneof_nested_message.bb", &mask);
+  FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &oneof_msg);
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, oneof_msg.oneof_uint32());
+}
+
+TEST(FieldMaskUtilTest, TrimMessageReturnValue) {
+  FieldMask mask;
+  TestAllTypes trimed_msg;
+  TestAllTypes default_msg;
+
+  // Field mask on optional field.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("optional_int32", &mask);
+
+  // Verify that if a message is updted by FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(), the
+  // function returns true.
+  // Test on primary field.
+  trimed_msg.set_optional_string("abc");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimed_msg));
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimed_msg.DebugString(), default_msg.DebugString());
+  trimed_msg.Clear();
+
+  // Test on repeated primary field.
+  trimed_msg.add_repeated_string("abc");
+  trimed_msg.add_repeated_string("def");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimed_msg));
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimed_msg.DebugString(), default_msg.DebugString());
+  trimed_msg.Clear();
+
+  // Test on nested message.
+  trimed_msg.mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(123);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimed_msg));
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimed_msg.DebugString(), default_msg.DebugString());
+  trimed_msg.Clear();
+
+  // Test on repeated nested message.
+  trimed_msg.add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(123);
+  trimed_msg.add_repeated_nested_message()->set_bb(456);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimed_msg));
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimed_msg.DebugString(), default_msg.DebugString());
+  trimed_msg.Clear();
+
+  // Test on oneof field.
+  trimed_msg.set_oneof_uint32(123);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimed_msg));
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimed_msg.DebugString(), default_msg.DebugString());
+  trimed_msg.Clear();
+
+  // If there is no field set other then those whitelisted,
+  // FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage() should return false.
+  trimed_msg.set_optional_int32(123);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimed_msg));
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimed_msg.optional_int32(), 123);
+  trimed_msg.Clear();
+
+  // Field mask on repated field.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("repeated_string", &mask);
+  trimed_msg.add_repeated_string("abc");
+  trimed_msg.add_repeated_string("def");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimed_msg));
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimed_msg.repeated_string(0), "abc");
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimed_msg.repeated_string(1), "def");
+  trimed_msg.Clear();
+
+  // Field mask on nested message.
+  FieldMaskUtil::FromString("optional_nested_message.bb", &mask);
+  trimed_msg.mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(123);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FieldMaskUtil::TrimMessage(mask, &trimed_msg));
+  EXPECT_EQ(trimed_msg.optional_nested_message().bb(), 123);
+  trimed_msg.Clear();
+
+  // TODO(b/32443320): field mask on repeated nested message is not yet
+  // supported.
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6acf970e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_CONSTANTS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_CONSTANTS_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+// This file contains constants used by //net/proto2/util/converter.
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+// Prefix for type URLs.
+const char kTypeServiceBaseUrl[] = "type.googleapis.com";
+
+// Format string for RFC3339 timestamp formatting.
+const char kRfc3339TimeFormat[] = "%E4Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
+
+// Same as above, but the year value is not zero-padded i.e. this accepts
+// timestamps like "1-01-0001T23:59:59Z" instead of "0001-01-0001T23:59:59Z".
+const char kRfc3339TimeFormatNoPadding[] = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
+
+// Minimun seconds allowed in a google.protobuf.Timestamp value.
+const int64 kTimestampMinSeconds = -62135596800LL;
+
+// Maximum seconds allowed in a google.protobuf.Timestamp value.
+const int64 kTimestampMaxSeconds = 253402300799LL;
+
+// Minimum seconds allowed in a google.protobuf.Duration value.
+const int64 kDurationMinSeconds = -315576000000LL;
+
+// Maximum seconds allowed in a google.protobuf.Duration value.
+const int64 kDurationMaxSeconds = 315576000000LL;
+
+// Nano seconds in a second.
+const int32 kNanosPerSecond = 1000000000;
+
+// Type url representing NULL values in google.protobuf.Struct type.
+const char kStructNullValueTypeUrl[] =
+    "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.NullValue";
+
+// Type string for google.protobuf.Struct
+const char kStructType[] = "google.protobuf.Struct";
+
+// Type string for struct.proto's google.protobuf.Value value type.
+const char kStructValueType[] = "google.protobuf.Value";
+
+// Type string for struct.proto's google.protobuf.ListValue value type.
+const char kStructListValueType[] = "google.protobuf.ListValue";
+
+// Type string for google.protobuf.Timestamp
+const char kTimestampType[] = "google.protobuf.Timestamp";
+
+// Type string for google.protobuf.Duration
+const char kDurationType[] = "google.protobuf.Duration";
+
+// Type URL for struct value type google.protobuf.Value
+const char kStructValueTypeUrl[] = "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value";
+
+// Type string for google.protobuf.Any
+const char kAnyType[] = "google.protobuf.Any";
+
+// The protobuf option name of jspb.message_id;
+const char kOptionJspbMessageId[] = "jspb.message_id";
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_CONSTANTS_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..041ff7b74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h>
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/struct.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+using util::Status;
+using util::StatusOr;
+using util::error::Code;
+
+namespace {
+
+inline Status InvalidArgument(StringPiece value_str) {
+  return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT, value_str);
+}
+
+template <typename To, typename From>
+StatusOr<To> ValidateNumberConversion(To after, From before) {
+  if (after == before &&
+      MathUtil::Sign<From>(before) == MathUtil::Sign<To>(after)) {
+    return after;
+  } else {
+    return InvalidArgument(std::is_integral<From>::value
+                               ? ValueAsString(before)
+                               : std::is_same<From, double>::value
+                                     ? DoubleAsString(before)
+                                     : FloatAsString(before));
+  }
+}
+
+// For general conversion between
+//     int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double and float
+// except conversion between double and float.
+template <typename To, typename From>
+StatusOr<To> NumberConvertAndCheck(From before) {
+  if (std::is_same<From, To>::value) return before;
+
+  To after = static_cast<To>(before);
+  return ValidateNumberConversion(after, before);
+}
+
+// For conversion to integer types (int32, int64, uint32, uint64) from floating
+// point types (double, float) only.
+template <typename To, typename From>
+StatusOr<To> FloatingPointToIntConvertAndCheck(From before) {
+  if (std::is_same<From, To>::value) return before;
+
+  To after = static_cast<To>(before);
+  return ValidateNumberConversion(after, before);
+}
+
+// For conversion between double and float only.
+StatusOr<double> FloatToDouble(float before) {
+  // Casting float to double should just work as double has more precision
+  // than float.
+  return static_cast<double>(before);
+}
+
+StatusOr<float> DoubleToFloat(double before) {
+  if (std::isnan(before)) {
+    return std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN();
+  } else if (!std::isfinite(before)) {
+    // Converting a double +inf/-inf to float should just work.
+    return static_cast<float>(before);
+  } else if (before > std::numeric_limits<float>::max() ||
+             before < -std::numeric_limits<float>::max()) {
+    // Double value outside of the range of float.
+    return InvalidArgument(DoubleAsString(before));
+  } else {
+    return static_cast<float>(before);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+StatusOr<int32> DataPiece::ToInt32() const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) return StringToNumber<int32>(safe_strto32);
+
+  if (type_ == TYPE_DOUBLE)
+    return FloatingPointToIntConvertAndCheck<int32, double>(double_);
+
+  if (type_ == TYPE_FLOAT)
+    return FloatingPointToIntConvertAndCheck<int32, float>(float_);
+
+  return GenericConvert<int32>();
+}
+
+StatusOr<uint32> DataPiece::ToUint32() const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING)
+    return StringToNumber<uint32>(safe_strtou32);
+
+  if (type_ == TYPE_DOUBLE)
+    return FloatingPointToIntConvertAndCheck<uint32, double>(double_);
+
+  if (type_ == TYPE_FLOAT)
+    return FloatingPointToIntConvertAndCheck<uint32, float>(float_);
+
+  return GenericConvert<uint32>();
+}
+
+StatusOr<int64> DataPiece::ToInt64() const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) return StringToNumber<int64>(safe_strto64);
+
+  if (type_ == TYPE_DOUBLE)
+    return FloatingPointToIntConvertAndCheck<int64, double>(double_);
+
+  if (type_ == TYPE_FLOAT)
+    return FloatingPointToIntConvertAndCheck<int64, float>(float_);
+
+  return GenericConvert<int64>();
+}
+
+StatusOr<uint64> DataPiece::ToUint64() const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING)
+    return StringToNumber<uint64>(safe_strtou64);
+
+  if (type_ == TYPE_DOUBLE)
+    return FloatingPointToIntConvertAndCheck<uint64, double>(double_);
+
+  if (type_ == TYPE_FLOAT)
+    return FloatingPointToIntConvertAndCheck<uint64, float>(float_);
+
+  return GenericConvert<uint64>();
+}
+
+StatusOr<double> DataPiece::ToDouble() const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_FLOAT) {
+    return FloatToDouble(float_);
+  }
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) {
+    if (str_ == "Infinity") return std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+    if (str_ == "-Infinity") return -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+    if (str_ == "NaN") return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+    StatusOr<double> value = StringToNumber<double>(safe_strtod);
+    if (value.ok() && !std::isfinite(value.ValueOrDie())) {
+      // safe_strtod converts out-of-range values to +inf/-inf, but we want
+      // to report them as errors.
+      return InvalidArgument(StrCat("\"", str_, "\""));
+    } else {
+      return value;
+    }
+  }
+  return GenericConvert<double>();
+}
+
+StatusOr<float> DataPiece::ToFloat() const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_DOUBLE) {
+    return DoubleToFloat(double_);
+  }
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) {
+    if (str_ == "Infinity") return std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
+    if (str_ == "-Infinity") return -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
+    if (str_ == "NaN") return std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN();
+    // SafeStrToFloat() is used instead of safe_strtof() because the later
+    // does not fail on inputs like SimpleDtoa(DBL_MAX).
+    return StringToNumber<float>(SafeStrToFloat);
+  }
+  return GenericConvert<float>();
+}
+
+StatusOr<bool> DataPiece::ToBool() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+    case TYPE_BOOL:
+      return bool_;
+    case TYPE_STRING:
+      return StringToNumber<bool>(safe_strtob);
+    default:
+      return InvalidArgument(
+          ValueAsStringOrDefault("Wrong type. Cannot convert to Bool."));
+  }
+}
+
+StatusOr<std::string> DataPiece::ToString() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+    case TYPE_STRING:
+      return std::string(str_);
+    case TYPE_BYTES: {
+      std::string base64;
+      Base64Escape(str_, &base64);
+      return base64;
+    }
+    default:
+      return InvalidArgument(
+          ValueAsStringOrDefault("Cannot convert to string."));
+  }
+}
+
+std::string DataPiece::ValueAsStringOrDefault(
+    StringPiece default_string) const {
+  switch (type_) {
+    case TYPE_INT32:
+      return StrCat(i32_);
+    case TYPE_INT64:
+      return StrCat(i64_);
+    case TYPE_UINT32:
+      return StrCat(u32_);
+    case TYPE_UINT64:
+      return StrCat(u64_);
+    case TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return DoubleAsString(double_);
+    case TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return FloatAsString(float_);
+    case TYPE_BOOL:
+      return SimpleBtoa(bool_);
+    case TYPE_STRING:
+      return StrCat("\"", str_.ToString(), "\"");
+    case TYPE_BYTES: {
+      std::string base64;
+      WebSafeBase64Escape(str_, &base64);
+      return StrCat("\"", base64, "\"");
+    }
+    case TYPE_NULL:
+      return "null";
+    default:
+      return std::string(default_string);
+  }
+}
+
+StatusOr<std::string> DataPiece::ToBytes() const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_BYTES) return str_.ToString();
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) {
+    std::string decoded;
+    if (!DecodeBase64(str_, &decoded)) {
+      return InvalidArgument(ValueAsStringOrDefault("Invalid data in input."));
+    }
+    return decoded;
+  } else {
+    return InvalidArgument(ValueAsStringOrDefault(
+        "Wrong type. Only String or Bytes can be converted to Bytes."));
+  }
+}
+
+StatusOr<int> DataPiece::ToEnum(const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type,
+                                bool use_lower_camel_for_enums,
+                                bool case_insensitive_enum_parsing,
+                                bool ignore_unknown_enum_values,
+                                bool* is_unknown_enum_value) const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_NULL) return google::protobuf::NULL_VALUE;
+
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) {
+    // First try the given value as a name.
+    std::string enum_name = std::string(str_);
+    const google::protobuf::EnumValue* value =
+        FindEnumValueByNameOrNull(enum_type, enum_name);
+    if (value != nullptr) return value->number();
+
+    // Check if int version of enum is sent as string.
+    StatusOr<int32> int_value = ToInt32();
+    if (int_value.ok()) {
+      if (const google::protobuf::EnumValue* enum_value =
+              FindEnumValueByNumberOrNull(enum_type, int_value.ValueOrDie())) {
+        return enum_value->number();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Next try a normalized name.
+    bool should_normalize_enum =
+        case_insensitive_enum_parsing || use_lower_camel_for_enums;
+    if (should_normalize_enum) {
+      for (std::string::iterator it = enum_name.begin(); it != enum_name.end();
+           ++it) {
+        *it = *it == '-' ? '_' : ascii_toupper(*it);
+      }
+      value = FindEnumValueByNameOrNull(enum_type, enum_name);
+      if (value != nullptr) return value->number();
+    }
+
+    // If use_lower_camel_for_enums is true try with enum name without
+    // underscore. This will also accept camel case names as the enum_name has
+    // been normalized before.
+    if (use_lower_camel_for_enums) {
+      value = FindEnumValueByNameWithoutUnderscoreOrNull(enum_type, enum_name);
+      if (value != nullptr) return value->number();
+    }
+
+    // If ignore_unknown_enum_values is true an unknown enum value is ignored.
+    if (ignore_unknown_enum_values) {
+      *is_unknown_enum_value = true;
+      return enum_type->enumvalue(0).number();
+    }
+  } else {
+    // We don't need to check whether the value is actually declared in the
+    // enum because we preserve unknown enum values as well.
+    return ToInt32();
+  }
+  return InvalidArgument(
+      ValueAsStringOrDefault("Cannot find enum with given value."));
+}
+
+template <typename To>
+StatusOr<To> DataPiece::GenericConvert() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+    case TYPE_INT32:
+      return NumberConvertAndCheck<To, int32>(i32_);
+    case TYPE_INT64:
+      return NumberConvertAndCheck<To, int64>(i64_);
+    case TYPE_UINT32:
+      return NumberConvertAndCheck<To, uint32>(u32_);
+    case TYPE_UINT64:
+      return NumberConvertAndCheck<To, uint64>(u64_);
+    case TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return NumberConvertAndCheck<To, double>(double_);
+    case TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return NumberConvertAndCheck<To, float>(float_);
+    default:  // TYPE_ENUM, TYPE_STRING, TYPE_CORD, TYPE_BOOL
+      return InvalidArgument(ValueAsStringOrDefault(
+          "Wrong type. Bool, Enum, String and Cord not supported in "
+          "GenericConvert."));
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename To>
+StatusOr<To> DataPiece::StringToNumber(bool (*func)(StringPiece,
+                                                    To*)) const {
+  if (str_.size() > 0 && (str_[0] == ' ' || str_[str_.size() - 1] == ' ')) {
+    return InvalidArgument(StrCat("\"", str_, "\""));
+  }
+  To result;
+  if (func(str_, &result)) return result;
+  return InvalidArgument(StrCat("\"", std::string(str_), "\""));
+}
+
+bool DataPiece::DecodeBase64(StringPiece src, std::string* dest) const {
+  // Try web-safe decode first, if it fails, try the non-web-safe decode.
+  if (WebSafeBase64Unescape(src, dest)) {
+    if (use_strict_base64_decoding_) {
+      // In strict mode, check if the escaped version gives us the same value as
+      // unescaped.
+      std::string encoded;
+      // WebSafeBase64Escape does no padding by default.
+      WebSafeBase64Escape(*dest, &encoded);
+      // Remove trailing padding '=' characters before comparison.
+      StringPiece src_no_padding = StringPiece(src).substr(
+          0, HasSuffixString(src, "=") ? src.find_last_not_of('=') + 1
+                                      : src.length());
+      return encoded == src_no_padding;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (Base64Unescape(src, dest)) {
+    if (use_strict_base64_decoding_) {
+      std::string encoded;
+      Base64Escape(
+          reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(dest->data()), dest->length(),
+          &encoded, false);
+      StringPiece src_no_padding = StringPiece(src).substr(
+          0, HasSuffixString(src, "=") ? src.find_last_not_of('=') + 1
+                                      : src.length());
+      return encoded == src_no_padding;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+void DataPiece::InternalCopy(const DataPiece& other) {
+  type_ = other.type_;
+  use_strict_base64_decoding_ = other.use_strict_base64_decoding_;
+  switch (type_) {
+    case TYPE_INT32:
+    case TYPE_INT64:
+    case TYPE_UINT32:
+    case TYPE_UINT64:
+    case TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case TYPE_BOOL:
+    case TYPE_ENUM:
+    case TYPE_NULL:
+    case TYPE_BYTES:
+    case TYPE_STRING: {
+      str_ = other.str_;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc5553d05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DATAPIECE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DATAPIECE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+class ProtoWriter;
+
+// Container for a single piece of data together with its data type.
+//
+// For primitive types (int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double, float, bool),
+// the data is stored by value.
+//
+// For string, a StringPiece is stored. For Cord, a pointer to Cord is stored.
+// Just like StringPiece, the DataPiece class does not own the storage for
+// the actual string or Cord, so it is the user's responsiblity to guarantee
+// that the underlying storage is still valid when the DataPiece is accessed.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT DataPiece {
+ public:
+  // Identifies data type of the value.
+  // These are the types supported by DataPiece.
+  enum Type {
+    TYPE_INT32 = 1,
+    TYPE_INT64 = 2,
+    TYPE_UINT32 = 3,
+    TYPE_UINT64 = 4,
+    TYPE_DOUBLE = 5,
+    TYPE_FLOAT = 6,
+    TYPE_BOOL = 7,
+    TYPE_ENUM = 8,
+    TYPE_STRING = 9,
+    TYPE_BYTES = 10,
+    TYPE_NULL = 11,  // explicit NULL type
+  };
+
+  // Constructors and Destructor
+  explicit DataPiece(const int32 value)
+      : type_(TYPE_INT32), i32_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const int64 value)
+      : type_(TYPE_INT64), i64_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const uint32 value)
+      : type_(TYPE_UINT32), u32_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const uint64 value)
+      : type_(TYPE_UINT64), u64_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const double value)
+      : type_(TYPE_DOUBLE),
+        double_(value),
+        use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const float value)
+      : type_(TYPE_FLOAT), float_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const bool value)
+      : type_(TYPE_BOOL), bool_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
+  DataPiece(StringPiece value, bool use_strict_base64_decoding)
+      : type_(TYPE_STRING),
+        str_(StringPiecePod::CreateFromStringPiece(value)),
+        use_strict_base64_decoding_(use_strict_base64_decoding) {}
+  // Constructor for bytes. The second parameter is not used.
+  DataPiece(StringPiece value, bool dummy, bool use_strict_base64_decoding)
+      : type_(TYPE_BYTES),
+        str_(StringPiecePod::CreateFromStringPiece(value)),
+        use_strict_base64_decoding_(use_strict_base64_decoding) {}
+
+  DataPiece(const DataPiece& r) : type_(r.type_) { InternalCopy(r); }
+
+  DataPiece& operator=(const DataPiece& x) {
+    InternalCopy(x);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static DataPiece NullData() { return DataPiece(TYPE_NULL, 0); }
+
+  virtual ~DataPiece() {
+  }
+
+  // Accessors
+  Type type() const { return type_; }
+
+  bool use_strict_base64_decoding() { return use_strict_base64_decoding_; }
+
+  StringPiece str() const {
+    GOOGLE_LOG_IF(DFATAL, type_ != TYPE_STRING) << "Not a string type.";
+    return str_;
+  }
+
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into an int32.
+  util::StatusOr<int32> ToInt32() const;
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a uint32.
+  util::StatusOr<uint32> ToUint32() const;
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into an int64.
+  util::StatusOr<int64> ToInt64() const;
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a uint64.
+  util::StatusOr<uint64> ToUint64() const;
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a double.
+  util::StatusOr<double> ToDouble() const;
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a float.
+  util::StatusOr<float> ToFloat() const;
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a bool.
+  util::StatusOr<bool> ToBool() const;
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a string.
+  util::StatusOr<std::string> ToString() const;
+
+  // Tries to convert the value contained in this datapiece to string. If the
+  // conversion fails, it returns the default_string.
+  std::string ValueAsStringOrDefault(StringPiece default_string) const;
+
+  util::StatusOr<std::string> ToBytes() const;
+
+ private:
+  friend class ProtoWriter;
+
+  // Disallow implicit constructor.
+  DataPiece();
+
+  // Helper to create NULL or ENUM types.
+  DataPiece(Type type, int32 val)
+      : type_(type), i32_(val), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
+
+  // Same as the ToEnum() method above but with additional flag to ignore
+  // unknown enum values.
+  util::StatusOr<int> ToEnum(const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type,
+                               bool use_lower_camel_for_enums,
+                               bool case_insensitive_enum_parsing,
+                               bool ignore_unknown_enum_values,
+                               bool* is_unknown_enum_value) const;
+
+  // For numeric conversion between
+  //     int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double, float and bool
+  template <typename To>
+  util::StatusOr<To> GenericConvert() const;
+
+  // For conversion from string to
+  //     int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double, float and bool
+  template <typename To>
+  util::StatusOr<To> StringToNumber(bool (*func)(StringPiece,
+                                                   To*)) const;
+
+  // Decodes a base64 string. Returns true on success.
+  bool DecodeBase64(StringPiece src, std::string* dest) const;
+
+  // Helper function to initialize this DataPiece with 'other'.
+  void InternalCopy(const DataPiece& other);
+
+  // Data type for this piece of data.
+  Type type_;
+
+  typedef ::google::protobuf::internal::StringPiecePod StringPiecePod;
+
+  // Stored piece of data.
+  union {
+    int32 i32_;
+    int64 i64_;
+    uint32 u32_;
+    uint64 u64_;
+    double double_;
+    float float_;
+    bool bool_;
+    StringPiecePod str_;
+  };
+
+  // Uses a stricter version of base64 decoding for byte fields.
+  bool use_strict_base64_decoding_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DATAPIECE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..828c86887
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,629 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h>
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+using util::Status;
+using util::StatusOr;
+namespace converter {
+
+namespace {
+// Helper function to convert string value to given data type by calling the
+// passed converter function on the DataPiece created from "value" argument.
+// If value is empty or if conversion fails, the default_value is returned.
+template <typename T>
+T ConvertTo(StringPiece value,
+            StatusOr<T> (DataPiece::*converter_fn)() const, T default_value) {
+  if (value.empty()) return default_value;
+  StatusOr<T> result = (DataPiece(value, true).*converter_fn)();
+  return result.ok() ? result.ValueOrDie() : default_value;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter::DefaultValueObjectWriter(
+    TypeResolver* type_resolver, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    ObjectWriter* ow)
+    : typeinfo_(TypeInfo::NewTypeInfo(type_resolver)),
+      own_typeinfo_(true),
+      type_(type),
+      current_(nullptr),
+      root_(nullptr),
+      suppress_empty_list_(false),
+      preserve_proto_field_names_(false),
+      use_ints_for_enums_(false),
+      ow_(ow) {}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter::~DefaultValueObjectWriter() {
+  if (own_typeinfo_) {
+    delete typeinfo_;
+  }
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderBool(
+    StringPiece name, bool value) {
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    ow_->RenderBool(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderInt32(
+    StringPiece name, int32 value) {
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    ow_->RenderInt32(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderUint32(
+    StringPiece name, uint32 value) {
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    ow_->RenderUint32(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderInt64(
+    StringPiece name, int64 value) {
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    ow_->RenderInt64(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderUint64(
+    StringPiece name, uint64 value) {
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    ow_->RenderUint64(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderDouble(
+    StringPiece name, double value) {
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    ow_->RenderDouble(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderFloat(
+    StringPiece name, float value) {
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    ow_->RenderBool(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderString(
+    StringPiece name, StringPiece value) {
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    ow_->RenderString(name, value);
+  } else {
+    // Since StringPiece is essentially a pointer, takes a copy of "value" to
+    // avoid ownership issues.
+    string_values_.emplace_back(new std::string(value));
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(*string_values_.back(), true));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderBytes(
+    StringPiece name, StringPiece value) {
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    ow_->RenderBytes(name, value);
+  } else {
+    // Since StringPiece is essentially a pointer, takes a copy of "value" to
+    // avoid ownership issues.
+    string_values_.emplace_back(new std::string(value));
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(*string_values_.back(), false, true));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderNull(
+    StringPiece name) {
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    ow_->RenderNull(name);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece::NullData());
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+void DefaultValueObjectWriter::RegisterFieldScrubCallBack(
+    FieldScrubCallBack field_scrub_callback) {
+  field_scrub_callback_ = std::move(field_scrub_callback);
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter::Node* DefaultValueObjectWriter::CreateNewNode(
+    const std::string& name, const google::protobuf::Type* type, NodeKind kind,
+    const DataPiece& data, bool is_placeholder,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& path, bool suppress_empty_list,
+    bool preserve_proto_field_names, bool use_ints_for_enums,
+    FieldScrubCallBack field_scrub_callback) {
+  return new Node(name, type, kind, data, is_placeholder, path,
+                  suppress_empty_list, preserve_proto_field_names,
+                  use_ints_for_enums, std::move(field_scrub_callback));
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter::Node::Node(
+    const std::string& name, const google::protobuf::Type* type, NodeKind kind,
+    const DataPiece& data, bool is_placeholder,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& path, bool suppress_empty_list,
+    bool preserve_proto_field_names, bool use_ints_for_enums,
+    FieldScrubCallBack field_scrub_callback)
+    : name_(name),
+      type_(type),
+      kind_(kind),
+      is_any_(false),
+      data_(data),
+      is_placeholder_(is_placeholder),
+      path_(path),
+      suppress_empty_list_(suppress_empty_list),
+      preserve_proto_field_names_(preserve_proto_field_names),
+      use_ints_for_enums_(use_ints_for_enums),
+      field_scrub_callback_(std::move(field_scrub_callback)) {}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter::Node* DefaultValueObjectWriter::Node::FindChild(
+    StringPiece name) {
+  if (name.empty() || kind_ != OBJECT) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < children_.size(); ++i) {
+    Node* child = children_[i];
+    if (child->name() == name) {
+      return child;
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void DefaultValueObjectWriter::Node::WriteTo(ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  if (kind_ == PRIMITIVE) {
+    ObjectWriter::RenderDataPieceTo(data_, name_, ow);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Render maps. Empty maps are rendered as "{}".
+  if (kind_ == MAP) {
+    ow->StartObject(name_);
+    WriteChildren(ow);
+    ow->EndObject();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Write out lists. If we didn't have any list in response, write out empty
+  // list.
+  if (kind_ == LIST) {
+    // Suppress empty lists if requested.
+    if (suppress_empty_list_ && is_placeholder_) return;
+
+    ow->StartList(name_);
+    WriteChildren(ow);
+    ow->EndList();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // If is_placeholder_ = true, we didn't see this node in the response, so
+  // skip output.
+  if (is_placeholder_) return;
+
+  ow->StartObject(name_);
+  WriteChildren(ow);
+  ow->EndObject();
+}
+
+void DefaultValueObjectWriter::Node::WriteChildren(ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < children_.size(); ++i) {
+    Node* child = children_[i];
+    child->WriteTo(ow);
+  }
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Type* DefaultValueObjectWriter::Node::GetMapValueType(
+    const google::protobuf::Type& found_type, const TypeInfo* typeinfo) {
+  // If this field is a map, we should use the type of its "Value" as
+  // the type of the child node.
+  for (int i = 0; i < found_type.fields_size(); ++i) {
+    const google::protobuf::Field& sub_field = found_type.fields(i);
+    if (sub_field.number() != 2) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (sub_field.kind() != google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      // This map's value type is not a message type. We don't need to
+      // get the field_type in this case.
+      break;
+    }
+    util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> sub_type =
+        typeinfo->ResolveTypeUrl(sub_field.type_url());
+    if (!sub_type.ok()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Cannot resolve type '" << sub_field.type_url() << "'.";
+    } else {
+      return sub_type.ValueOrDie();
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void DefaultValueObjectWriter::Node::PopulateChildren(
+    const TypeInfo* typeinfo) {
+  // Ignores well known types that don't require automatically populating their
+  // primitive children. For type "Any", we only populate its children when the
+  // "@type" field is set.
+  // TODO(tsun): remove "kStructValueType" from the list. It's being checked
+  //     now because of a bug in the tool-chain that causes the "oneof_index"
+  //     of kStructValueType to not be set correctly.
+  if (type_ == nullptr || type_->name() == kAnyType ||
+      type_->name() == kStructType || type_->name() == kTimestampType ||
+      type_->name() == kDurationType || type_->name() == kStructValueType) {
+    return;
+  }
+  std::vector<Node*> new_children;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, int> orig_children_map;
+
+  // Creates a map of child nodes to speed up lookup.
+  for (int i = 0; i < children_.size(); ++i) {
+    InsertIfNotPresent(&orig_children_map, children_[i]->name_, i);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < type_->fields_size(); ++i) {
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field = type_->fields(i);
+
+    // This code is checking if the field to be added to the tree should be
+    // scrubbed or not by calling the field_scrub_callback_ callback function.
+    std::vector<std::string> path;
+    if (!path_.empty()) {
+      path.insert(path.begin(), path_.begin(), path_.end());
+    }
+    path.push_back(field.name());
+    if (field_scrub_callback_ && field_scrub_callback_(path, &field)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, int>::iterator found =
+        orig_children_map.find(field.name());
+    // If the child field has already been set, we just add it to the new list
+    // of children.
+    if (found != orig_children_map.end()) {
+      new_children.push_back(children_[found->second]);
+      children_[found->second] = nullptr;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const google::protobuf::Type* field_type = nullptr;
+    bool is_map = false;
+    NodeKind kind = PRIMITIVE;
+
+    if (field.kind() == google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      kind = OBJECT;
+      util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> found_result =
+          typeinfo->ResolveTypeUrl(field.type_url());
+      if (!found_result.ok()) {
+        // "field" is of an unknown type.
+        GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Cannot resolve type '" << field.type_url() << "'.";
+      } else {
+        const google::protobuf::Type* found_type = found_result.ValueOrDie();
+        is_map = IsMap(field, *found_type);
+
+        if (!is_map) {
+          field_type = found_type;
+        } else {
+          // If this field is a map, we should use the type of its "Value" as
+          // the type of the child node.
+          field_type = GetMapValueType(*found_type, typeinfo);
+          kind = MAP;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!is_map &&
+        field.cardinality() == google::protobuf::Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED) {
+      kind = LIST;
+    }
+
+    // If oneof_index() != 0, the child field is part of a "oneof", which means
+    // the child field is optional and we shouldn't populate its default
+    // primitive value.
+    if (field.oneof_index() != 0 && kind == PRIMITIVE) continue;
+
+    // If the child field is of primitive type, sets its data to the default
+    // value of its type.
+    std::unique_ptr<Node> child(
+        new Node(preserve_proto_field_names_ ? field.name() : field.json_name(),
+                 field_type, kind,
+                 kind == PRIMITIVE ? CreateDefaultDataPieceForField(
+                                         field, typeinfo, use_ints_for_enums_)
+                                   : DataPiece::NullData(),
+                 true, path, suppress_empty_list_, preserve_proto_field_names_,
+                 use_ints_for_enums_, field_scrub_callback_));
+    new_children.push_back(child.release());
+  }
+  // Adds all leftover nodes in children_ to the beginning of new_child.
+  for (int i = 0; i < children_.size(); ++i) {
+    if (children_[i] == nullptr) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    new_children.insert(new_children.begin(), children_[i]);
+    children_[i] = nullptr;
+  }
+  children_.swap(new_children);
+}
+
+void DefaultValueObjectWriter::MaybePopulateChildrenOfAny(Node* node) {
+  // If this is an "Any" node with "@type" already given and no other children
+  // have been added, populates its children.
+  if (node != nullptr && node->is_any() && node->type() != nullptr &&
+      node->type()->name() != kAnyType && node->number_of_children() == 1) {
+    node->PopulateChildren(typeinfo_);
+  }
+}
+
+DataPiece DefaultValueObjectWriter::FindEnumDefault(
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field, const TypeInfo* typeinfo,
+    bool use_ints_for_enums) {
+  if (!field.default_value().empty())
+    return DataPiece(field.default_value(), true);
+
+  const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type =
+      typeinfo->GetEnumByTypeUrl(field.type_url());
+  if (!enum_type) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Could not find enum with type '" << field.type_url()
+                 << "'";
+    return DataPiece::NullData();
+  }
+  // We treat the first value as the default if none is specified.
+  return enum_type->enumvalue_size() > 0
+             ? (use_ints_for_enums
+                    ? DataPiece(enum_type->enumvalue(0).number())
+                    : DataPiece(enum_type->enumvalue(0).name(), true))
+             : DataPiece::NullData();
+}
+
+DataPiece DefaultValueObjectWriter::CreateDefaultDataPieceForField(
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field, const TypeInfo* typeinfo,
+    bool use_ints_for_enums) {
+  switch (field.kind()) {
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      return DataPiece(ConvertTo<double>(
+          field.default_value(), &DataPiece::ToDouble, static_cast<double>(0)));
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      return DataPiece(ConvertTo<float>(
+          field.default_value(), &DataPiece::ToFloat, static_cast<float>(0)));
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_INT64:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SFIXED64: {
+      return DataPiece(ConvertTo<int64>(
+          field.default_value(), &DataPiece::ToInt64, static_cast<int64>(0)));
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_FIXED64: {
+      return DataPiece(ConvertTo<uint64>(
+          field.default_value(), &DataPiece::ToUint64, static_cast<uint64>(0)));
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_INT32:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SFIXED32: {
+      return DataPiece(ConvertTo<int32>(
+          field.default_value(), &DataPiece::ToInt32, static_cast<int32>(0)));
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_BOOL: {
+      return DataPiece(
+          ConvertTo<bool>(field.default_value(), &DataPiece::ToBool, false));
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_STRING: {
+      return DataPiece(field.default_value(), true);
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_BYTES: {
+      return DataPiece(field.default_value(), false, true);
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_FIXED32: {
+      return DataPiece(ConvertTo<uint32>(
+          field.default_value(), &DataPiece::ToUint32, static_cast<uint32>(0)));
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_ENUM: {
+      return FindEnumDefault(field, typeinfo, use_ints_for_enums);
+    }
+    default: {
+      return DataPiece::NullData();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::StartObject(
+    StringPiece name) {
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    std::vector<std::string> path;
+    root_.reset(CreateNewNode(std::string(name), &type_, OBJECT,
+                              DataPiece::NullData(), false, path,
+                              suppress_empty_list_, preserve_proto_field_names_,
+                              use_ints_for_enums_, field_scrub_callback_));
+    root_->PopulateChildren(typeinfo_);
+    current_ = root_.get();
+    return this;
+  }
+  MaybePopulateChildrenOfAny(current_);
+  Node* child = current_->FindChild(name);
+  if (current_->kind() == LIST || current_->kind() == MAP || child == nullptr) {
+    // If current_ is a list or a map node, we should create a new child and use
+    // the type of current_ as the type of the new child.
+    std::unique_ptr<Node> node(
+        CreateNewNode(std::string(name),
+                      ((current_->kind() == LIST || current_->kind() == MAP)
+                           ? current_->type()
+                           : nullptr),
+                      OBJECT, DataPiece::NullData(), false,
+                      child == nullptr ? current_->path() : child->path(),
+                      suppress_empty_list_, preserve_proto_field_names_,
+                      use_ints_for_enums_, field_scrub_callback_));
+    child = node.get();
+    current_->AddChild(node.release());
+  }
+
+  child->set_is_placeholder(false);
+  if (child->kind() == OBJECT && child->number_of_children() == 0) {
+    child->PopulateChildren(typeinfo_);
+  }
+
+  stack_.push(current_);
+  current_ = child;
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::EndObject() {
+  if (stack_.empty()) {
+    // The root object ends here. Writes out the tree.
+    WriteRoot();
+    return this;
+  }
+  current_ = stack_.top();
+  stack_.pop();
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::StartList(
+    StringPiece name) {
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    std::vector<std::string> path;
+    root_.reset(CreateNewNode(std::string(name), &type_, LIST,
+                              DataPiece::NullData(), false, path,
+                              suppress_empty_list_, preserve_proto_field_names_,
+                              use_ints_for_enums_, field_scrub_callback_));
+    current_ = root_.get();
+    return this;
+  }
+  MaybePopulateChildrenOfAny(current_);
+  Node* child = current_->FindChild(name);
+  if (child == nullptr || child->kind() != LIST) {
+    std::unique_ptr<Node> node(CreateNewNode(
+        std::string(name), nullptr, LIST, DataPiece::NullData(), false,
+        child == nullptr ? current_->path() : child->path(),
+        suppress_empty_list_, preserve_proto_field_names_, use_ints_for_enums_,
+        field_scrub_callback_));
+    child = node.get();
+    current_->AddChild(node.release());
+  }
+  child->set_is_placeholder(false);
+
+  stack_.push(current_);
+  current_ = child;
+  return this;
+}
+
+void DefaultValueObjectWriter::WriteRoot() {
+  root_->WriteTo(ow_);
+  root_.reset(nullptr);
+  current_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::EndList() {
+  if (stack_.empty()) {
+    WriteRoot();
+    return this;
+  }
+  current_ = stack_.top();
+  stack_.pop();
+  return this;
+}
+
+void DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderDataPiece(StringPiece name,
+                                               const DataPiece& data) {
+  MaybePopulateChildrenOfAny(current_);
+  if (current_->type() != nullptr && current_->type()->name() == kAnyType &&
+      name == "@type") {
+    util::StatusOr<std::string> data_string = data.ToString();
+    if (data_string.ok()) {
+      const std::string& string_value = data_string.ValueOrDie();
+      // If the type of current_ is "Any" and its "@type" field is being set
+      // here, sets the type of current_ to be the type specified by the
+      // "@type".
+      util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> found_type =
+          typeinfo_->ResolveTypeUrl(string_value);
+      if (!found_type.ok()) {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to resolve type '" << string_value << "'.";
+      } else {
+        current_->set_type(found_type.ValueOrDie());
+      }
+      current_->set_is_any(true);
+      // If the "@type" field is placed after other fields, we should populate
+      // other children of primitive type now. Otherwise, we should wait until
+      // the first value field is rendered before we populate the children,
+      // because the "value" field of a Any message could be omitted.
+      if (current_->number_of_children() > 1 && current_->type() != nullptr) {
+        current_->PopulateChildren(typeinfo_);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  Node* child = current_->FindChild(name);
+  if (child == nullptr || child->kind() != PRIMITIVE) {
+    // No children are found, creates a new child.
+    std::unique_ptr<Node> node(
+        CreateNewNode(std::string(name), nullptr, PRIMITIVE, data, false,
+                      child == nullptr ? current_->path() : child->path(),
+                      suppress_empty_list_, preserve_proto_field_names_,
+                      use_ints_for_enums_, field_scrub_callback_));
+    current_->AddChild(node.release());
+  } else {
+    child->set_data(data);
+    child->set_is_placeholder(false);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30c03043f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DEFAULT_VALUE_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DEFAULT_VALUE_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <stack>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+// Must be included last.
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// An ObjectWriter that renders non-repeated primitive fields of proto messages
+// with their default values. DefaultValueObjectWriter holds objects, lists and
+// fields it receives in a tree structure and writes them out to another
+// ObjectWriter when EndObject() is called on the root object. It also writes
+// out all non-repeated primitive fields that haven't been explicitly rendered
+// with their default values (0 for numbers, "" for strings, etc).
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT DefaultValueObjectWriter : public ObjectWriter {
+ public:
+  // A Callback function to check whether a field needs to be scrubbed.
+  //
+  // Returns true if the field should not be present in the output. Returns
+  // false otherwise.
+  //
+  // The 'path' parameter is a vector of path to the field from root. For
+  // example: if a nested field "a.b.c" (b is the parent message field of c and
+  // a is the parent message field of b), then the vector should contain { "a",
+  // "b", "c" }.
+  //
+  // The Field* should point to the google::protobuf::Field of "c".
+  typedef std::function<bool(
+      const std::vector<std::string>& /*path of the field*/,
+      const google::protobuf::Field* /*field*/)>
+      FieldScrubCallBack;
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter(TypeResolver* type_resolver,
+                           const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                           ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  virtual ~DefaultValueObjectWriter();
+
+  // ObjectWriter methods.
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* StartObject(StringPiece name) override;
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* EndObject() override;
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* StartList(StringPiece name) override;
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* EndList() override;
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderBool(StringPiece name,
+                                       bool value) override;
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderInt32(StringPiece name,
+                                        int32 value) override;
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderUint32(StringPiece name,
+                                         uint32 value) override;
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderInt64(StringPiece name,
+                                        int64 value) override;
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderUint64(StringPiece name,
+                                         uint64 value) override;
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderDouble(StringPiece name,
+                                         double value) override;
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderFloat(StringPiece name,
+                                        float value) override;
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderString(StringPiece name,
+                                         StringPiece value) override;
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderBytes(StringPiece name,
+                                        StringPiece value) override;
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderNull(StringPiece name) override;
+
+  // Register the callback for scrubbing of fields.
+  void RegisterFieldScrubCallBack(FieldScrubCallBack field_scrub_callback);
+
+  // If set to true, empty lists are suppressed from output when default values
+  // are written.
+  void set_suppress_empty_list(bool value) { suppress_empty_list_ = value; }
+
+  // If set to true, original proto field names are used
+  void set_preserve_proto_field_names(bool value) {
+    preserve_proto_field_names_ = value;
+  }
+
+  // If set to true, enums are rendered as ints from output when default values
+  // are written.
+  void set_print_enums_as_ints(bool value) { use_ints_for_enums_ = value; }
+
+ protected:
+  enum NodeKind {
+    PRIMITIVE = 0,
+    OBJECT = 1,
+    LIST = 2,
+    MAP = 3,
+  };
+
+  // "Node" represents a node in the tree that holds the input of
+  // DefaultValueObjectWriter.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Node {
+   public:
+    Node(const std::string& name, const google::protobuf::Type* type,
+         NodeKind kind, const DataPiece& data, bool is_placeholder,
+         const std::vector<std::string>& path, bool suppress_empty_list,
+         bool preserve_proto_field_names, bool use_ints_for_enums,
+         FieldScrubCallBack field_scrub_callback);
+    virtual ~Node() {
+      for (int i = 0; i < children_.size(); ++i) {
+        delete children_[i];
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Adds a child to this node. Takes ownership of this child.
+    void AddChild(Node* child) { children_.push_back(child); }
+
+    // Finds the child given its name.
+    Node* FindChild(StringPiece name);
+
+    // Populates children of this Node based on its type. If there are already
+    // children created, they will be merged to the result. Caller should pass
+    // in TypeInfo for looking up types of the children.
+    virtual void PopulateChildren(const TypeInfo* typeinfo);
+
+    // If this node is a leaf (has data), writes the current node to the
+    // ObjectWriter; if not, then recursively writes the children to the
+    // ObjectWriter.
+    virtual void WriteTo(ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+    // Accessors
+    const std::string& name() const { return name_; }
+
+    const std::vector<std::string>& path() const { return path_; }
+
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type() const { return type_; }
+
+    void set_type(const google::protobuf::Type* type) { type_ = type; }
+
+    NodeKind kind() const { return kind_; }
+
+    int number_of_children() const { return children_.size(); }
+
+    void set_data(const DataPiece& data) { data_ = data; }
+
+    bool is_any() const { return is_any_; }
+
+    void set_is_any(bool is_any) { is_any_ = is_any; }
+
+    void set_is_placeholder(bool is_placeholder) {
+      is_placeholder_ = is_placeholder;
+    }
+
+   protected:
+    // Returns the Value Type of a map given the Type of the map entry and a
+    // TypeInfo instance.
+    const google::protobuf::Type* GetMapValueType(
+        const google::protobuf::Type& entry_type, const TypeInfo* typeinfo);
+
+    // Calls WriteTo() on every child in children_.
+    void WriteChildren(ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+    // The name of this node.
+    std::string name_;
+    // google::protobuf::Type of this node. Owned by TypeInfo.
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type_;
+    // The kind of this node.
+    NodeKind kind_;
+    // Whether this is a node for "Any".
+    bool is_any_;
+    // The data of this node when it is a leaf node.
+    DataPiece data_;
+    // Children of this node.
+    std::vector<Node*> children_;
+    // Whether this node is a placeholder for an object or list automatically
+    // generated when creating the parent node. Should be set to false after
+    // the parent node's StartObject()/StartList() method is called with this
+    // node's name.
+    bool is_placeholder_;
+
+    // Path of the field of this node
+    std::vector<std::string> path_;
+
+    // Whether to suppress empty list output.
+    bool suppress_empty_list_;
+
+    // Whether to preserve original proto field names
+    bool preserve_proto_field_names_;
+
+    // Whether to always print enums as ints
+    bool use_ints_for_enums_;
+
+    // Function for determining whether a field needs to be scrubbed or not.
+    FieldScrubCallBack field_scrub_callback_;
+
+   private:
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Node);
+  };
+
+  // Creates a new Node and returns it. Caller owns memory of returned object.
+  virtual Node* CreateNewNode(const std::string& name,
+                              const google::protobuf::Type* type, NodeKind kind,
+                              const DataPiece& data, bool is_placeholder,
+                              const std::vector<std::string>& path,
+                              bool suppress_empty_list,
+                              bool preserve_proto_field_names,
+                              bool use_ints_for_enums,
+                              FieldScrubCallBack field_scrub_callback);
+
+  // Creates a DataPiece containing the default value of the type of the field.
+  static DataPiece CreateDefaultDataPieceForField(
+      const google::protobuf::Field& field, const TypeInfo* typeinfo) {
+    return CreateDefaultDataPieceForField(field, typeinfo, false);
+  }
+
+  // Same as the above but with a flag to use ints instead of enum names.
+  static DataPiece CreateDefaultDataPieceForField(
+      const google::protobuf::Field& field, const TypeInfo* typeinfo,
+      bool use_ints_for_enums);
+
+ protected:
+  // Returns a pointer to current Node in tree.
+  Node* current() { return current_; }
+
+ private:
+  // Populates children of "node" if it is an "any" Node and its real type has
+  // been given.
+  void MaybePopulateChildrenOfAny(Node* node);
+
+  // Writes the root_ node to ow_ and resets the root_ and current_ pointer to
+  // nullptr.
+  void WriteRoot();
+
+  // Adds or replaces the data_ of a primitive child node.
+  void RenderDataPiece(StringPiece name, const DataPiece& data);
+
+  // Returns the default enum value as a DataPiece, or the first enum value if
+  // there is no default. For proto3, where we cannot specify an explicit
+  // default, a zero value will always be returned.
+  static DataPiece FindEnumDefault(const google::protobuf::Field& field,
+                                   const TypeInfo* typeinfo,
+                                   bool use_ints_for_enums);
+
+  // Type information for all the types used in the descriptor. Used to find
+  // google::protobuf::Type of nested messages/enums.
+  const TypeInfo* typeinfo_;
+  // Whether the TypeInfo object is owned by this class.
+  bool own_typeinfo_;
+  // google::protobuf::Type of the root message type.
+  const google::protobuf::Type& type_;
+  // Holds copies of strings passed to RenderString.
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::string>> string_values_;
+
+  // The current Node. Owned by its parents.
+  Node* current_;
+  // The root Node.
+  std::unique_ptr<Node> root_;
+  // The stack to hold the path of Nodes from current_ to root_;
+  std::stack<Node*> stack_;
+
+  // Whether to suppress output of empty lists.
+  bool suppress_empty_list_;
+
+  // Whether to preserve original proto field names
+  bool preserve_proto_field_names_;
+
+  // Whether to always print enums as ints
+  bool use_ints_for_enums_;
+
+  // Function for determining whether a field needs to be scrubbed or not.
+  FieldScrubCallBack field_scrub_callback_;
+
+  ObjectWriter* ow_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(DefaultValueObjectWriter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DEFAULT_VALUE_OBJECTWRITER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6236d5b19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value_test.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+namespace testing {
+
+using proto_util_converter::testing::DefaultValueTest;
+
+// Base class for setting up required state for running default values tests on
+// different descriptors.
+class BaseDefaultValueObjectWriterTest
+    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<testing::TypeInfoSource> {
+ protected:
+  explicit BaseDefaultValueObjectWriterTest(const Descriptor* descriptor)
+      : helper_(GetParam()), mock_(), expects_(&mock_) {
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(descriptor);
+    testing_.reset(helper_.NewDefaultValueWriter(
+        std::string(kTypeServiceBaseUrl) + "/" + descriptor->full_name(),
+        &mock_));
+  }
+
+  virtual ~BaseDefaultValueObjectWriterTest() {}
+
+  TypeInfoTestHelper helper_;
+  MockObjectWriter mock_;
+  ExpectingObjectWriter expects_;
+  std::unique_ptr<DefaultValueObjectWriter> testing_;
+};
+
+// Tests to cover some basic DefaultValueObjectWriter use cases. More tests are
+// in the marshalling_test.cc and translator_integration_test.cc.
+class DefaultValueObjectWriterTest : public BaseDefaultValueObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  DefaultValueObjectWriterTest()
+      : BaseDefaultValueObjectWriterTest(DefaultValueTest::descriptor()) {}
+  virtual ~DefaultValueObjectWriterTest() {}
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         DefaultValueObjectWriterTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(DefaultValueObjectWriterTest, Empty) {
+  // Set expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderDouble("doubleValue", 0.0)
+      ->StartList("repeatedDouble")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->RenderFloat("floatValue", 0.0)
+      ->RenderInt64("int64Value", 0)
+      ->RenderUint64("uint64Value", 0)
+      ->RenderInt32("int32Value", 0)
+      ->RenderUint32("uint32Value", 0)
+      ->RenderBool("boolValue", false)
+      ->RenderString("stringValue", "")
+      ->RenderBytes("bytesValue", "")
+      ->RenderString("enumValue", "ENUM_FIRST")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_->StartObject("")->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(DefaultValueObjectWriterTest, NonDefaultDouble) {
+  // Set expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderDouble("doubleValue", 1.0)
+      ->StartList("repeatedDouble")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->RenderFloat("floatValue", 0.0)
+      ->RenderInt64("int64Value", 0)
+      ->RenderUint64("uint64Value", 0)
+      ->RenderInt32("int32Value", 0)
+      ->RenderUint32("uint32Value", 0)
+      ->RenderBool("boolValue", false)
+      ->RenderString("stringValue", "")
+      ->RenderString("enumValue", "ENUM_FIRST")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_->StartObject("")->RenderDouble("doubleValue", 1.0)->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(DefaultValueObjectWriterTest, ShouldRetainUnknownField) {
+  // Set expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderDouble("doubleValue", 1.0)
+      ->StartList("repeatedDouble")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->RenderFloat("floatValue", 0.0)
+      ->RenderInt64("int64Value", 0)
+      ->RenderUint64("uint64Value", 0)
+      ->RenderInt32("int32Value", 0)
+      ->RenderUint32("uint32Value", 0)
+      ->RenderBool("boolValue", false)
+      ->RenderString("stringValue", "")
+      ->RenderString("unknown", "abc")
+      ->StartObject("unknownObject")
+      ->RenderString("unknown", "def")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("enumValue", "ENUM_FIRST")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderDouble("doubleValue", 1.0)
+      ->RenderString("unknown", "abc")
+      ->StartObject("unknownObject")
+      ->RenderString("unknown", "def")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+
+class DefaultValueObjectWriterSuppressListTest
+    : public BaseDefaultValueObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  DefaultValueObjectWriterSuppressListTest()
+      : BaseDefaultValueObjectWriterTest(DefaultValueTest::descriptor()) {
+    testing_->set_suppress_empty_list(true);
+  }
+  ~DefaultValueObjectWriterSuppressListTest() override {}
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         DefaultValueObjectWriterSuppressListTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(DefaultValueObjectWriterSuppressListTest, Empty) {
+  // Set expectation. Emtpy lists should be suppressed.
+  expects_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderDouble("doubleValue", 0.0)
+      ->RenderFloat("floatValue", 0.0)
+      ->RenderInt64("int64Value", 0)
+      ->RenderUint64("uint64Value", 0)
+      ->RenderInt32("int32Value", 0)
+      ->RenderUint32("uint32Value", 0)
+      ->RenderBool("boolValue", false)
+      ->RenderString("stringValue", "")
+      ->RenderBytes("bytesValue", "")
+      ->RenderString("enumValue", "ENUM_FIRST")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_->StartObject("")->EndObject();
+}
+}  // namespace testing
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..538307bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07cb95701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_ERROR_LISTENER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_ERROR_LISTENER_H__
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/location_tracker.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+// Must be included last.
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// Interface for error listener.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ErrorListener {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ErrorListener() {}
+
+  // Reports an invalid name at the given location.
+  virtual void InvalidName(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                           StringPiece invalid_name,
+                           StringPiece message) = 0;
+
+  // Reports an invalid value for a field.
+  virtual void InvalidValue(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                            StringPiece type_name,
+                            StringPiece value) = 0;
+
+  // Reports a missing required field.
+  virtual void MissingField(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                            StringPiece missing_name) = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  ErrorListener() {}
+
+ private:
+  // Do not add any data members to this class.
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ErrorListener);
+};
+
+// An error listener that ignores all errors.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT NoopErrorListener : public ErrorListener {
+ public:
+  NoopErrorListener() {}
+  ~NoopErrorListener() override {}
+
+  void InvalidName(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                   StringPiece invalid_name,
+                   StringPiece message) override {}
+
+  void InvalidValue(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                    StringPiece type_name,
+                    StringPiece value) override {}
+
+  void MissingField(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                    StringPiece missing_name) override {}
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(NoopErrorListener);
+};
+
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_ERROR_LISTENER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65961adee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_EXPECTING_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_EXPECTING_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+
+// An implementation of ObjectWriter that automatically sets the
+// gmock expectations for the response to a method. Every method
+// returns the object itself for chaining.
+//
+// Usage:
+//   // Setup
+//   MockObjectWriter mock;
+//   ExpectingObjectWriter ow(&mock);
+//
+//   // Set expectation
+//   ow.StartObject("")
+//       ->RenderString("key", "value")
+//     ->EndObject();
+//
+//   // Actual testing
+//   mock.StartObject(StringPiece())
+//         ->RenderString("key", "value")
+//       ->EndObject();
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+using testing::IsEmpty;
+using testing::NanSensitiveDoubleEq;
+using testing::NanSensitiveFloatEq;
+using testing::Return;
+using testing::StrEq;
+using testing::TypedEq;
+
+class MockObjectWriter : public ObjectWriter {
+ public:
+  MockObjectWriter() {}
+
+  MOCK_METHOD1(StartObject, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece));
+  MOCK_METHOD0(EndObject, ObjectWriter*());
+  MOCK_METHOD1(StartList, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece));
+  MOCK_METHOD0(EndList, ObjectWriter*());
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderBool, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, bool));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderInt32, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, int32));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderUint32, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, uint32));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderInt64, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, int64));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderUint64, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, uint64));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderDouble, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, double));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderFloat, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, float));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderString,
+               ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, StringPiece));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderBytes, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, StringPiece));
+  MOCK_METHOD1(RenderNull, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece));
+};
+
+class ExpectingObjectWriter : public ObjectWriter {
+ public:
+  explicit ExpectingObjectWriter(MockObjectWriter* mock) : mock_(mock) {}
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* StartObject(StringPiece name) {
+    (name.empty() ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, StartObject(IsEmpty()))
+                  : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, StartObject(StrEq(std::string(name)))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* EndObject() {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, EndObject())
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* StartList(StringPiece name) {
+    (name.empty() ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, StartList(IsEmpty()))
+                  : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, StartList(StrEq(std::string(name)))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* EndList() {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, EndList())
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderBool(StringPiece name, bool value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderBool(IsEmpty(), TypedEq<bool>(value)))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderBool(StrEq(std::string(name)),
+                                          TypedEq<bool>(value))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderInt32(StringPiece name, int32 value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderInt32(IsEmpty(), TypedEq<int32>(value)))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderInt32(StrEq(std::string(name)),
+                                           TypedEq<int32>(value))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderUint32(StringPiece name, uint32 value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderUint32(IsEmpty(), TypedEq<uint32>(value)))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderUint32(StrEq(std::string(name)),
+                                            TypedEq<uint32>(value))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderInt64(StringPiece name, int64 value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderInt64(IsEmpty(), TypedEq<int64>(value)))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderInt64(StrEq(std::string(name)),
+                                           TypedEq<int64>(value))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderUint64(StringPiece name, uint64 value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderUint64(IsEmpty(), TypedEq<uint64>(value)))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderUint64(StrEq(std::string(name)),
+                                            TypedEq<uint64>(value))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderDouble(StringPiece name, double value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_,
+                       RenderDouble(IsEmpty(), NanSensitiveDoubleEq(value)))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderDouble(StrEq(std::string(name)),
+                                            NanSensitiveDoubleEq(value))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderFloat(StringPiece name, float value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_,
+                       RenderFloat(IsEmpty(), NanSensitiveFloatEq(value)))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderFloat(StrEq(std::string(name)),
+                                           NanSensitiveFloatEq(value))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderString(StringPiece name,
+                                     StringPiece value) {
+    (name.empty() ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderString(IsEmpty(),
+                                                     TypedEq<StringPiece>(
+                                                         std::string(value))))
+                  : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderString(StrEq(std::string(name)),
+                                                     TypedEq<StringPiece>(
+                                                         std::string(value)))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderBytes(StringPiece name, StringPiece value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderBytes(IsEmpty(), TypedEq<StringPiece>(
+                                                          value.ToString())))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_,
+                       RenderBytes(StrEq(name.ToString()),
+                                   TypedEq<StringPiece>(value.ToString()))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderNull(StringPiece name) {
+    (name.empty() ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderNull(IsEmpty()))
+                  : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderNull(StrEq(std::string(name))))
+                        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+                        .RetiresOnSaturation());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  MockObjectWriter* mock_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(ExpectingObjectWriter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_EXPECTING_OBJECTWRITER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74586d427
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status_macros.h>
+
+// Must be included last.
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Appends a FieldMask path segment to a prefix.
+std::string AppendPathSegmentToPrefix(StringPiece prefix,
+                                      StringPiece segment) {
+  if (prefix.empty()) {
+    return std::string(segment);
+  }
+  if (segment.empty()) {
+    return std::string(prefix);
+  }
+  // If the segment is a map key, appends it to the prefix without the ".".
+  if (HasPrefixString(segment, "[\"")) {
+    return StrCat(prefix, segment);
+  }
+  return StrCat(prefix, ".", segment);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+std::string ConvertFieldMaskPath(const StringPiece path,
+                                 ConverterCallback converter) {
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(path.size() << 1);
+
+  bool is_quoted = false;
+  bool is_escaping = false;
+  int current_segment_start = 0;
+
+  // Loops until 1 passed the end of the input to make handling the last
+  // segment easier.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i <= path.size(); ++i) {
+    // Outputs quoted string as-is.
+    if (is_quoted) {
+      if (i == path.size()) {
+        break;
+      }
+      result.push_back(path[i]);
+      if (is_escaping) {
+        is_escaping = false;
+      } else if (path[i] == '\\') {
+        is_escaping = true;
+      } else if (path[i] == '\"') {
+        current_segment_start = i + 1;
+        is_quoted = false;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (i == path.size() || path[i] == '.' || path[i] == '(' ||
+        path[i] == ')' || path[i] == '\"') {
+      result += converter(
+          path.substr(current_segment_start, i - current_segment_start));
+      if (i < path.size()) {
+        result.push_back(path[i]);
+      }
+      current_segment_start = i + 1;
+    }
+    if (i < path.size() && path[i] == '\"') {
+      is_quoted = true;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+util::Status DecodeCompactFieldMaskPaths(StringPiece paths,
+                                           PathSinkCallback path_sink) {
+  std::stack<std::string> prefix;
+  int length = paths.length();
+  int previous_position = 0;
+  bool in_map_key = false;
+  bool is_escaping = false;
+  // Loops until 1 passed the end of the input to make the handle of the last
+  // segment easier.
+  for (int i = 0; i <= length; ++i) {
+    if (i != length) {
+      // Skips everything in a map key until we hit the end of it, which is
+      // marked by an un-escaped '"' immediately followed by a ']'.
+      if (in_map_key) {
+        if (is_escaping) {
+          is_escaping = false;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (paths[i] == '\\') {
+          is_escaping = true;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (paths[i] != '\"') {
+          continue;
+        }
+        // Un-escaped '"' must be followed with a ']'.
+        if (i >= length - 1 || paths[i + 1] != ']') {
+          return util::Status(
+              util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+              StrCat(
+                  "Invalid FieldMask '", paths,
+                  "'. Map keys should be represented as [\"some_key\"]."));
+        }
+        // The end of the map key ("\"]") has been found.
+        in_map_key = false;
+        // Skips ']'.
+        i++;
+        // Checks whether the key ends at the end of a path segment.
+        if (i < length - 1 && paths[i + 1] != '.' && paths[i + 1] != ',' &&
+            paths[i + 1] != ')' && paths[i + 1] != '(') {
+          return util::Status(
+              util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+              StrCat(
+                  "Invalid FieldMask '", paths,
+                  "'. Map keys should be at the end of a path segment."));
+        }
+        is_escaping = false;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // We are not in a map key, look for the start of one.
+      if (paths[i] == '[') {
+        if (i >= length - 1 || paths[i + 1] != '\"') {
+          return util::Status(
+              util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+              StrCat(
+                  "Invalid FieldMask '", paths,
+                  "'. Map keys should be represented as [\"some_key\"]."));
+        }
+        // "[\"" starts a map key.
+        in_map_key = true;
+        i++;  // Skips the '\"'.
+        continue;
+      }
+      // If the current character is not a special character (',', '(' or ')'),
+      // continue to the next.
+      if (paths[i] != ',' && paths[i] != ')' && paths[i] != '(') {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    // Gets the current segment - sub-string between previous position (after
+    // '(', ')', ',', or the beginning of the input) and the current position.
+    StringPiece segment =
+        paths.substr(previous_position, i - previous_position);
+    std::string current_prefix = prefix.empty() ? "" : prefix.top();
+
+    if (i < length && paths[i] == '(') {
+      // Builds a prefix and save it into the stack.
+      prefix.push(AppendPathSegmentToPrefix(current_prefix, segment));
+    } else if (!segment.empty()) {
+      // When the current charactor is ')', ',' or the current position has
+      // passed the end of the input, builds and outputs a new paths by
+      // concatenating the last prefix with the current segment.
+      RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+          path_sink(AppendPathSegmentToPrefix(current_prefix, segment)));
+    }
+
+    // Removes the last prefix after seeing a ')'.
+    if (i < length && paths[i] == ')') {
+      if (prefix.empty()) {
+        return util::Status(
+            util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+            StrCat("Invalid FieldMask '", paths,
+                         "'. Cannot find matching '(' for all ')'."));
+      }
+      prefix.pop();
+    }
+    previous_position = i + 1;
+  }
+  if (in_map_key) {
+    return util::Status(
+        util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+        StrCat("Invalid FieldMask '", paths,
+                     "'. Cannot find matching ']' for all '['."));
+  }
+  if (!prefix.empty()) {
+    return util::Status(
+        util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+        StrCat("Invalid FieldMask '", paths,
+                     "'. Cannot find matching ')' for all '('."));
+  }
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7335af506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// FieldMask related utility methods.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_FIELD_MASK_UTILITY_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_FIELD_MASK_UTILITY_H__
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <stack>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+typedef std::function<std::string(StringPiece)> ConverterCallback;
+typedef std::function<util::Status(StringPiece)> PathSinkCallback;
+
+// Applies a 'converter' to each segment of a FieldMask path and returns the
+// result. Quoted strings in the 'path' are copied to the output as-is without
+// converting their content. Escaping is supported within quoted strings.
+// For example, "ab\"_c" will be returned as "ab\"_c" without any changes.
+std::string ConvertFieldMaskPath(const StringPiece path,
+                                 ConverterCallback converter);
+
+// Decodes a compact list of FieldMasks. For example, "a.b,a.c.d,a.c.e" will be
+// decoded into a list of field paths - "a.b", "a.c.d", "a.c.e". And the results
+// will be sent to 'path_sink', i.e. 'path_sink' will be called once per
+// resulting path.
+// Note that we also support Apiary style FieldMask form. The above example in
+// the Apiary style will look like "a.b,a.c(d,e)".
+util::Status DecodeCompactFieldMaskPaths(StringPiece paths,
+                                           PathSinkCallback path_sink);
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_FIELD_MASK_UTILITY_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5c406f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Array of hex characters for conversion to hex.
+static const char kHex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+// Characters 0x00 to 0x9f are very commonly used, so we provide a special
+// table lookup.
+//
+// For unicode code point ch < 0xa0:
+// kCommonEscapes[ch] is the escaped string of ch, if escaping is needed;
+//                    or an empty string, if escaping is not needed.
+static const char kCommonEscapes[160][7] = {
+    // C0 (ASCII and derivatives) control characters
+    "\\u0000", "\\u0001", "\\u0002", "\\u0003",  // 0x00
+    "\\u0004", "\\u0005", "\\u0006", "\\u0007", "\\b", "\\t", "\\n", "\\u000b",
+    "\\f", "\\r", "\\u000e", "\\u000f", "\\u0010", "\\u0011", "\\u0012",
+    "\\u0013",  // 0x10
+    "\\u0014", "\\u0015", "\\u0016", "\\u0017", "\\u0018", "\\u0019", "\\u001a",
+    "\\u001b", "\\u001c", "\\u001d", "\\u001e", "\\u001f",
+    // Escaping of " and \ are required by www.json.org string definition.
+    // Escaping of < and > are required for HTML security.
+    "", "", "\\\"", "", "", "", "", "",                              // 0x20
+    "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "",  // 0x30
+    "", "", "", "", "\\u003c", "", "\\u003e", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "",
+    "",                                                                  // 0x40
+    "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "",      // 0x50
+    "", "", "", "", "\\\\", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "",  // 0x60
+    "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "",      // 0x70
+    "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "\\u007f",
+    // C1 (ISO 8859 and Unicode) extended control characters
+    "\\u0080", "\\u0081", "\\u0082", "\\u0083",  // 0x80
+    "\\u0084", "\\u0085", "\\u0086", "\\u0087", "\\u0088", "\\u0089", "\\u008a",
+    "\\u008b", "\\u008c", "\\u008d", "\\u008e", "\\u008f", "\\u0090", "\\u0091",
+    "\\u0092", "\\u0093",  // 0x90
+    "\\u0094", "\\u0095", "\\u0096", "\\u0097", "\\u0098", "\\u0099", "\\u009a",
+    "\\u009b", "\\u009c", "\\u009d", "\\u009e", "\\u009f"};
+
+// Determines if the given char value is a unicode surrogate code unit (either
+// high-surrogate or low-surrogate).
+inline bool IsSurrogate(uint32 c) {
+  // Optimized form of:
+  // return c >= kMinHighSurrogate && c <= kMaxLowSurrogate;
+  // (Reduced from 3 ALU instructions to 2 ALU instructions)
+  return (c & 0xfffff800) == JsonEscaping::kMinHighSurrogate;
+}
+
+// Returns true if the given unicode code point cp is a valid
+// unicode code point (i.e. in the range 0 <= cp <= kMaxCodePoint).
+inline bool IsValidCodePoint(uint32 cp) {
+  return cp <= JsonEscaping::kMaxCodePoint;
+}
+
+// Returns the low surrogate for the given unicode code point. The result is
+// meaningless if the given code point is not a supplementary character.
+inline uint16 ToLowSurrogate(uint32 cp) {
+  return (cp &
+          (JsonEscaping::kMaxLowSurrogate - JsonEscaping::kMinLowSurrogate)) +
+         JsonEscaping::kMinLowSurrogate;
+}
+
+// Returns the high surrogate for the given unicode code point. The result is
+// meaningless if the given code point is not a supplementary character.
+inline uint16 ToHighSurrogate(uint32 cp) {
+  return (cp >> 10) + (JsonEscaping::kMinHighSurrogate -
+                       (JsonEscaping::kMinSupplementaryCodePoint >> 10));
+}
+
+// Input str is encoded in UTF-8. A unicode code point could be encoded in
+// UTF-8 using anywhere from 1 to 4 characters, and it could span multiple
+// reads of the ByteSource.
+//
+// This function reads the next unicode code point from the input (str) at
+// the given position (index), taking into account any left-over partial
+// code point from the previous iteration (cp), together with the number
+// of characters left to read to complete this code point (num_left).
+//
+// This function assumes that the input (str) is valid at the given position
+// (index). In order words, at least one character could be read successfully.
+//
+// The code point read (partial or complete) is stored in (cp). Upon return,
+// (num_left) stores the number of characters that has yet to be read in
+// order to complete the current unicode code point. If the read is complete,
+// then (num_left) is 0. Also, (num_read) is the number of characters read.
+//
+// Returns false if we encounter an invalid UTF-8 string. Returns true
+// otherwise, including the case when we reach the end of the input (str)
+// before a complete unicode code point is read.
+bool ReadCodePoint(StringPiece str, int index, uint32* cp, int* num_left,
+                   int* num_read) {
+  if (*num_left == 0) {
+    // Last read was complete. Start reading a new unicode code point.
+    *cp = static_cast<uint8>(str[index++]);
+    *num_read = 1;
+    // The length of the code point is determined from reading the first byte.
+    //
+    // If the first byte is between:
+    //    0..0x7f: that's the value of the code point.
+    // 0x80..0xbf: <invalid>
+    // 0xc0..0xdf: 11-bit code point encoded in 2 bytes.
+    //                                   bit 10-6, bit 5-0
+    // 0xe0..0xef: 16-bit code point encoded in 3 bytes.
+    //                        bit 15-12, bit 11-6, bit 5-0
+    // 0xf0..0xf7: 21-bit code point encoded in 4 bytes.
+    //             bit 20-18, bit 17-12, bit 11-6, bit 5-0
+    // 0xf8..0xff: <invalid>
+    //
+    // Meaning of each bit:
+    // <msb> bit 7: 0 - single byte code point: bits 6-0 are values.
+    //              1 - multibyte code point
+    //       bit 6: 0 - subsequent bytes of multibyte code point:
+    //                  bits 5-0 are values.
+    //              1 - first byte of multibyte code point
+    //       bit 5: 0 - first byte of 2-byte code point: bits 4-0 are values.
+    //              1 - first byte of code point with >= 3 bytes.
+    //       bit 4: 0 - first byte of 3-byte code point: bits 3-0 are values.
+    //              1 - first byte of code point with >= 4 bytes.
+    //       bit 3: 0 - first byte of 4-byte code point: bits 2-0 are values.
+    //              1 - reserved for future expansion.
+    if (*cp <= 0x7f) {
+      return true;
+    } else if (*cp <= 0xbf) {
+      return false;
+    } else if (*cp <= 0xdf) {
+      *cp &= 0x1f;
+      *num_left = 1;
+    } else if (*cp <= 0xef) {
+      *cp &= 0x0f;
+      *num_left = 2;
+    } else if (*cp <= 0xf7) {
+      *cp &= 0x07;
+      *num_left = 3;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Last read was partial. Initialize num_read to 0 and continue reading
+    // the last unicode code point.
+    *num_read = 0;
+  }
+  while (*num_left > 0 && index < str.size()) {
+    uint32 ch = static_cast<uint8>(str[index++]);
+    --(*num_left);
+    ++(*num_read);
+    *cp = (*cp << 6) | (ch & 0x3f);
+    if (ch < 0x80 || ch > 0xbf) return false;
+  }
+  return *num_left > 0 || (!IsSurrogate(*cp) && IsValidCodePoint(*cp));
+}
+
+// Stores the 16-bit unicode code point as its hexadecimal digits in buffer
+// and returns a StringPiece that points to this buffer. The input buffer needs
+// to be at least 6 bytes long.
+StringPiece ToHex(uint16 cp, char* buffer) {
+  buffer[5] = kHex[cp & 0x0f];
+  cp >>= 4;
+  buffer[4] = kHex[cp & 0x0f];
+  cp >>= 4;
+  buffer[3] = kHex[cp & 0x0f];
+  cp >>= 4;
+  buffer[2] = kHex[cp & 0x0f];
+  return StringPiece(buffer, 6);
+}
+
+// Stores the 32-bit unicode code point as its hexadecimal digits in buffer
+// and returns a StringPiece that points to this buffer. The input buffer needs
+// to be at least 12 bytes long.
+StringPiece ToSurrogateHex(uint32 cp, char* buffer) {
+  uint16 low = ToLowSurrogate(cp);
+  uint16 high = ToHighSurrogate(cp);
+
+  buffer[11] = kHex[low & 0x0f];
+  low >>= 4;
+  buffer[10] = kHex[low & 0x0f];
+  low >>= 4;
+  buffer[9] = kHex[low & 0x0f];
+  low >>= 4;
+  buffer[8] = kHex[low & 0x0f];
+
+  buffer[5] = kHex[high & 0x0f];
+  high >>= 4;
+  buffer[4] = kHex[high & 0x0f];
+  high >>= 4;
+  buffer[3] = kHex[high & 0x0f];
+  high >>= 4;
+  buffer[2] = kHex[high & 0x0f];
+
+  return StringPiece(buffer, 12);
+}
+
+// If the given unicode code point needs escaping, then returns the
+// escaped form. The returned StringPiece either points to statically
+// pre-allocated char[] or to the given buffer. The input buffer needs
+// to be at least 12 bytes long.
+//
+// If the given unicode code point does not need escaping, an empty
+// StringPiece is returned.
+StringPiece EscapeCodePoint(uint32 cp, char* buffer) {
+  if (cp < 0xa0) return kCommonEscapes[cp];
+  switch (cp) {
+    // These are not required by json spec
+    // but used to prevent security bugs in javascript.
+    case 0xfeff:  // Zero width no-break space
+    case 0xfff9:  // Interlinear annotation anchor
+    case 0xfffa:  // Interlinear annotation separator
+    case 0xfffb:  // Interlinear annotation terminator
+
+    case 0x00ad:  // Soft-hyphen
+    case 0x06dd:  // Arabic end of ayah
+    case 0x070f:  // Syriac abbreviation mark
+    case 0x17b4:  // Khmer vowel inherent Aq
+    case 0x17b5:  // Khmer vowel inherent Aa
+      return ToHex(cp, buffer);
+
+    default:
+      if ((cp >= 0x0600 && cp <= 0x0603) ||  // Arabic signs
+          (cp >= 0x200b && cp <= 0x200f) ||  // Zero width etc.
+          (cp >= 0x2028 && cp <= 0x202e) ||  // Separators etc.
+          (cp >= 0x2060 && cp <= 0x2064) ||  // Invisible etc.
+          (cp >= 0x206a && cp <= 0x206f)) {  // Shaping etc.
+        return ToHex(cp, buffer);
+      }
+
+      if (cp == 0x000e0001 ||                        // Language tag
+          (cp >= 0x0001d173 && cp <= 0x0001d17a) ||  // Music formatting
+          (cp >= 0x000e0020 && cp <= 0x000e007f)) {  // TAG symbols
+        return ToSurrogateHex(cp, buffer);
+      }
+  }
+  return StringPiece();
+}
+
+// Tries to escape the given code point first. If the given code point
+// does not need to be escaped, but force_output is true, then render
+// the given multi-byte code point in UTF8 in the buffer and returns it.
+StringPiece EscapeCodePoint(uint32 cp, char* buffer, bool force_output) {
+  StringPiece sp = EscapeCodePoint(cp, buffer);
+  if (force_output && sp.empty()) {
+    buffer[5] = (cp & 0x3f) | 0x80;
+    cp >>= 6;
+    if (cp <= 0x1f) {
+      buffer[4] = cp | 0xc0;
+      sp = StringPiece(buffer + 4, 2);
+      return sp;
+    }
+    buffer[4] = (cp & 0x3f) | 0x80;
+    cp >>= 6;
+    if (cp <= 0x0f) {
+      buffer[3] = cp | 0xe0;
+      sp = StringPiece(buffer + 3, 3);
+      return sp;
+    }
+    buffer[3] = (cp & 0x3f) | 0x80;
+    buffer[2] = ((cp >> 6) & 0x07) | 0xf0;
+    sp = StringPiece(buffer + 2, 4);
+  }
+  return sp;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void JsonEscaping::Escape(strings::ByteSource* input,
+                          strings::ByteSink* output) {
+  char buffer[12] = "\\udead\\ubee";
+  uint32 cp = 0;     // Current unicode code point.
+  int num_left = 0;  // Num of chars to read to complete the code point.
+  while (input->Available() > 0) {
+    StringPiece str = input->Peek();
+    StringPiece escaped;
+    int i = 0;
+    int num_read;
+    bool ok;
+    bool cp_was_split = num_left > 0;
+    // Loop until we encounter either
+    //   i) a code point that needs to be escaped; or
+    //  ii) a split code point is completely read; or
+    // iii) a character that is not a valid utf8; or
+    //  iv) end of the StringPiece str is reached.
+    do {
+      ok = ReadCodePoint(str, i, &cp, &num_left, &num_read);
+      if (num_left > 0 || !ok) break;  // case iii or iv
+      escaped = EscapeCodePoint(cp, buffer, cp_was_split);
+      if (!escaped.empty()) break;  // case i or ii
+      i += num_read;
+      num_read = 0;
+    } while (i < str.length());  // case iv
+    // First copy the un-escaped prefix, if any, to the output ByteSink.
+    if (i > 0) input->CopyTo(output, i);
+    if (num_read > 0) input->Skip(num_read);
+    if (!ok) {
+      // Case iii: Report error.
+      // TODO(wpoon): Add error reporting.
+      num_left = 0;
+    } else if (num_left == 0 && !escaped.empty()) {
+      // Case i or ii: Append the escaped code point to the output ByteSink.
+      output->Append(escaped.data(), escaped.size());
+    }
+  }
+  if (num_left > 0) {
+    // Treat as case iii: report error.
+    // TODO(wpoon): Add error reporting.
+  }
+}
+
+void JsonEscaping::Escape(StringPiece input, strings::ByteSink* output) {
+  const size_t len = input.length();
+  const char* p = input.data();
+
+  bool can_skip_escaping = true;
+  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    char c = p[i];
+    if (c < 0x20 || c >= 0x7F || c == '"' || c == '<' || c == '>' ||
+        c == '\\') {
+      can_skip_escaping = false;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (can_skip_escaping) {
+    output->Append(input.data(), input.length());
+  } else {
+    strings::ArrayByteSource source(input);
+    Escape(&source, output);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ba765c69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.h
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_INTERNAL__JSON_ESCAPING_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_INTERNAL__JSON_ESCAPING_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class JsonEscaping {
+ public:
+  // The minimum value of a unicode high-surrogate code unit in the utf-16
+  // encoding. A high-surrogate is also known as a leading-surrogate.
+  // See http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#high_surrogate_code_unit
+  static const uint16 kMinHighSurrogate = 0xd800;
+
+  // The maximum value of a unicide high-surrogate code unit in the utf-16
+  // encoding. A high-surrogate is also known as a leading-surrogate.
+  // See http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#high_surrogate_code_unit
+  static const uint16 kMaxHighSurrogate = 0xdbff;
+
+  // The minimum value of a unicode low-surrogate code unit in the utf-16
+  // encoding. A low-surrogate is also known as a trailing-surrogate.
+  // See http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#low_surrogate_code_unit
+  static const uint16 kMinLowSurrogate = 0xdc00;
+
+  // The maximum value of a unicode low-surrogate code unit in the utf-16
+  // encoding. A low-surrogate is also known as a trailing surrogate.
+  // See http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#low_surrogate_code_unit
+  static const uint16 kMaxLowSurrogate = 0xdfff;
+
+  // The minimum value of a unicode supplementary code point.
+  // See http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#supplementary_code_point
+  static const uint32 kMinSupplementaryCodePoint = 0x010000;
+
+  // The minimum value of a unicode code point.
+  // See http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#code_point
+  static const uint32 kMinCodePoint = 0x000000;
+
+  // The maximum value of a unicode code point.
+  // See http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#code_point
+  static const uint32 kMaxCodePoint = 0x10ffff;
+
+  JsonEscaping() {}
+  virtual ~JsonEscaping() {}
+
+  // Escape the given ByteSource to the given ByteSink.
+  static void Escape(strings::ByteSource* input, strings::ByteSink* output);
+
+  // Escape the given ByteSource to the given ByteSink.
+  // This is optimized for the case where the string is all printable 7-bit
+  // ASCII and does not contain a few other characters (such as quotes).
+  static void Escape(StringPiece input, strings::ByteSink* output);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(JsonEscaping);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_INTERNAL__JSON_ESCAPING_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a98e7bad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h>
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+
+JsonObjectWriter::~JsonObjectWriter() {
+  if (element_ && !element_->is_root()) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "JsonObjectWriter was not fully closed.";
+  }
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::StartObject(StringPiece name) {
+  WritePrefix(name);
+  WriteChar('{');
+  PushObject();
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::EndObject() {
+  Pop();
+  WriteChar('}');
+  if (element() && element()->is_root()) NewLine();
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::StartList(StringPiece name) {
+  WritePrefix(name);
+  WriteChar('[');
+  PushArray();
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::EndList() {
+  Pop();
+  WriteChar(']');
+  if (element()->is_root()) NewLine();
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderBool(StringPiece name,
+                                               bool value) {
+  return RenderSimple(name, value ? "true" : "false");
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderInt32(StringPiece name,
+                                                int32 value) {
+  return RenderSimple(name, StrCat(value));
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderUint32(StringPiece name,
+                                                 uint32 value) {
+  return RenderSimple(name, StrCat(value));
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderInt64(StringPiece name,
+                                                int64 value) {
+  WritePrefix(name);
+  WriteChar('"');
+  WriteRawString(StrCat(value));
+  WriteChar('"');
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderUint64(StringPiece name,
+                                                 uint64 value) {
+  WritePrefix(name);
+  WriteChar('"');
+  WriteRawString(StrCat(value));
+  WriteChar('"');
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderDouble(StringPiece name,
+                                                 double value) {
+  if (std::isfinite(value)) {
+    return RenderSimple(name, SimpleDtoa(value));
+  }
+
+  // Render quoted with NaN/Infinity-aware DoubleAsString.
+  return RenderString(name, DoubleAsString(value));
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderFloat(StringPiece name,
+                                                float value) {
+  if (std::isfinite(value)) {
+    return RenderSimple(name, SimpleFtoa(value));
+  }
+
+  // Render quoted with NaN/Infinity-aware FloatAsString.
+  return RenderString(name, FloatAsString(value));
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderString(StringPiece name,
+                                                 StringPiece value) {
+  WritePrefix(name);
+  WriteChar('"');
+  JsonEscaping::Escape(value, &sink_);
+  WriteChar('"');
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderBytes(StringPiece name,
+                                                StringPiece value) {
+  WritePrefix(name);
+  std::string base64;
+
+  if (use_websafe_base64_for_bytes_)
+    WebSafeBase64EscapeWithPadding(value.ToString(), &base64);
+  else
+    Base64Escape(value, &base64);
+
+  WriteChar('"');
+  // TODO(wpoon): Consider a ByteSink solution that writes the base64 bytes
+  //              directly to the stream, rather than first putting them
+  //              into a string and then writing them to the stream.
+  stream_->WriteRaw(base64.data(), base64.size());
+  WriteChar('"');
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderNull(StringPiece name) {
+  return RenderSimple(name, "null");
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderNullAsEmpty(StringPiece name) {
+  return RenderSimple(name, "");
+}
+
+void JsonObjectWriter::WritePrefix(StringPiece name) {
+  bool not_first = !element()->is_first();
+  if (not_first) WriteChar(',');
+  if (not_first || !element()->is_root()) NewLine();
+  if (!name.empty() || element()->is_json_object()) {
+    WriteChar('"');
+    if (!name.empty()) {
+      JsonEscaping::Escape(name, &sink_);
+    }
+    WriteRawString("\":");
+    if (!indent_string_.empty()) WriteChar(' ');
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e0071238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_JSON_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_JSON_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/structured_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+
+// clang-format off
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+// clang-format on
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+
+// An ObjectWriter implementation that outputs JSON. This ObjectWriter
+// supports writing a compact form or a pretty printed form.
+//
+// Sample usage:
+//   string output;
+//   StringOutputStream* str_stream = new StringOutputStream(&output);
+//   CodedOutputStream* out_stream = new CodedOutputStream(str_stream);
+//   JsonObjectWriter* ow = new JsonObjectWriter("  ", out_stream);
+//   ow->StartObject("")
+//       ->RenderString("name", "value")
+//       ->RenderString("emptystring", string())
+//       ->StartObject("nested")
+//         ->RenderInt64("light", 299792458);
+//         ->RenderDouble("pi", 3.141592653589793);
+//       ->EndObject()
+//       ->StartList("empty")
+//       ->EndList()
+//     ->EndObject();
+//
+// And then the output string would become:
+// {
+//   "name": "value",
+//   "emptystring": "",
+//   "nested": {
+//     "light": "299792458",
+//     "pi": 3.141592653589793
+//   },
+//   "empty": []
+// }
+//
+// JsonObjectWriter does not validate if calls actually result in valid JSON.
+// For example, passing an empty name when one would be required won't result
+// in an error, just an invalid output.
+//
+// Note that all int64 and uint64 are rendered as strings instead of numbers.
+// This is because JavaScript parses numbers as 64-bit float thus int64 and
+// uint64 would lose precision if rendered as numbers.
+//
+// JsonObjectWriter is thread-unsafe.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT JsonObjectWriter : public StructuredObjectWriter {
+ public:
+  JsonObjectWriter(StringPiece indent_string, io::CodedOutputStream* out)
+      : element_(new Element(/*parent=*/nullptr, /*is_json_object=*/false)),
+        stream_(out),
+        sink_(out),
+        indent_string_(indent_string),
+        indent_char_('\0'),
+        indent_count_(0),
+        use_websafe_base64_for_bytes_(false) {
+    // See if we have a trivial sequence of indent characters.
+    if (!indent_string.empty()) {
+      indent_char_ = indent_string[0];
+      indent_count_ = indent_string.length();
+      for (int i = 1; i < indent_string.length(); i++) {
+        if (indent_char_ != indent_string_[i]) {
+          indent_char_ = '\0';
+          indent_count_ = 0;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  virtual ~JsonObjectWriter();
+
+  // ObjectWriter methods.
+  JsonObjectWriter* StartObject(StringPiece name) override;
+  JsonObjectWriter* EndObject() override;
+  JsonObjectWriter* StartList(StringPiece name) override;
+  JsonObjectWriter* EndList() override;
+  JsonObjectWriter* RenderBool(StringPiece name, bool value) override;
+  JsonObjectWriter* RenderInt32(StringPiece name, int32 value) override;
+  JsonObjectWriter* RenderUint32(StringPiece name, uint32 value) override;
+  JsonObjectWriter* RenderInt64(StringPiece name, int64 value) override;
+  JsonObjectWriter* RenderUint64(StringPiece name, uint64 value) override;
+  JsonObjectWriter* RenderDouble(StringPiece name, double value) override;
+  JsonObjectWriter* RenderFloat(StringPiece name, float value) override;
+  JsonObjectWriter* RenderString(StringPiece name,
+                                 StringPiece value) override;
+  JsonObjectWriter* RenderBytes(StringPiece name, StringPiece value) override;
+  JsonObjectWriter* RenderNull(StringPiece name) override;
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderNullAsEmpty(StringPiece name);
+
+  void set_use_websafe_base64_for_bytes(bool value) {
+    use_websafe_base64_for_bytes_ = value;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Element : public BaseElement {
+   public:
+    Element(Element* parent, bool is_json_object)
+        : BaseElement(parent),
+          is_first_(true),
+          is_json_object_(is_json_object) {}
+
+    // Called before each field of the Element is to be processed.
+    // Returns true if this is the first call (processing the first field).
+    bool is_first() {
+      if (is_first_) {
+        is_first_ = false;
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Whether we are currently renderring inside a JSON object (i.e., between
+    // StartObject() and EndObject()).
+    bool is_json_object() const { return is_json_object_; }
+
+   private:
+    bool is_first_;
+    bool is_json_object_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(Element);
+  };
+
+  Element* element() override { return element_.get(); }
+
+ private:
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ByteSinkWrapper : public strings::ByteSink {
+   public:
+    explicit ByteSinkWrapper(io::CodedOutputStream* stream) : stream_(stream) {}
+    ~ByteSinkWrapper() override {}
+
+    // ByteSink methods.
+    void Append(const char* bytes, size_t n) override {
+      stream_->WriteRaw(bytes, n);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    io::CodedOutputStream* stream_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ByteSinkWrapper);
+  };
+
+  // Renders a simple value as a string. By default all non-string Render
+  // methods convert their argument to a string and call this method. This
+  // method can then be used to render the simple value without escaping it.
+  JsonObjectWriter* RenderSimple(StringPiece name,
+                                 StringPiece value) {
+    WritePrefix(name);
+    WriteRawString(value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // Pushes a new JSON array element to the stack.
+  void PushArray() {
+    element_.reset(new Element(element_.release(), /*is_json_object=*/false));
+  }
+
+  // Pushes a new JSON object element to the stack.
+  void PushObject() {
+    element_.reset(new Element(element_.release(), /*is_json_object=*/true));
+  }
+
+  // Pops an element off of the stack and deletes the popped element.
+  void Pop() {
+    bool needs_newline = !element_->is_first();
+    element_.reset(element_->pop<Element>());
+    if (needs_newline) NewLine();
+  }
+
+  // If pretty printing is enabled, this will write a newline to the output,
+  // followed by optional indentation. Otherwise this method is a noop.
+  void NewLine() {
+    if (!indent_string_.empty()) {
+      size_t len = sizeof('\n') + (indent_string_.size() * element()->level());
+
+      // Take the slow-path if we don't have sufficient characters remaining in
+      // our buffer or we have a non-trivial indent string which would prevent
+      // us from using memset.
+      uint8* out = nullptr;
+      if (indent_count_ > 0) {
+        out = stream_->GetDirectBufferForNBytesAndAdvance(len);
+      }
+
+      if (out != nullptr) {
+        out[0] = '\n';
+        memset(&out[1], indent_char_, len - 1);
+      } else {
+        // Slow path, no contiguous output buffer available.
+        WriteChar('\n');
+        for (int i = 0; i < element()->level(); i++) {
+          stream_->WriteRaw(indent_string_.c_str(), indent_string_.length());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Writes a prefix. This will write out any pretty printing and
+  // commas that are required, followed by the name and a ':' if
+  // the name is not null.
+  void WritePrefix(StringPiece name);
+
+  // Writes an individual character to the output.
+  void WriteChar(const char c) { stream_->WriteRaw(&c, sizeof(c)); }
+
+  // Writes a string to the output.
+  void WriteRawString(StringPiece s) {
+    stream_->WriteRaw(s.data(), s.length());
+  }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Element> element_;
+  io::CodedOutputStream* stream_;
+  ByteSinkWrapper sink_;
+  const std::string indent_string_;
+
+  // For the common case of indent being a single character repeated.
+  char indent_char_;
+  int indent_count_;
+
+  // Whether to use regular or websafe base64 encoding for byte fields. Defaults
+  // to regular base64 encoding.
+  bool use_websafe_base64_for_bytes_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(JsonObjectWriter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_JSON_OBJECTWRITER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9f252b88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+using io::CodedOutputStream;
+using io::StringOutputStream;
+
+class JsonObjectWriterTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  JsonObjectWriterTest()
+      : str_stream_(new StringOutputStream(&output_)),
+        out_stream_(new CodedOutputStream(str_stream_)),
+        ow_(nullptr) {}
+
+  ~JsonObjectWriterTest() override { delete ow_; }
+
+  std::string CloseStreamAndGetString() {
+    delete out_stream_;
+    delete str_stream_;
+    return output_;
+  }
+
+  std::string output_;
+  StringOutputStream* const str_stream_;
+  CodedOutputStream* const out_stream_;
+  JsonObjectWriter* ow_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, EmptyRootObject) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ("{}", CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, EmptyObject) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("test", "value")
+      ->StartObject("empty")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"test\":\"value\",\"empty\":{}}", CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, EmptyRootList) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartList("")->EndList();
+  EXPECT_EQ("[]", CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, EmptyList) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("test", "value")
+      ->StartList("empty")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"test\":\"value\",\"empty\":[]}", CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, EmptyObjectKey) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("", "value")->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"\":\"value\"}", CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, ObjectInObject) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("nested")
+      ->RenderString("field", "value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"nested\":{\"field\":\"value\"}}", CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, ListInObject) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartList("nested")
+      ->RenderString("", "value")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"nested\":[\"value\"]}", CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, ObjectInList) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartList("")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("field", "value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList();
+  EXPECT_EQ("[{\"field\":\"value\"}]", CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, ListInList) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartList("")
+      ->StartList("")
+      ->RenderString("", "value")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndList();
+  EXPECT_EQ("[[\"value\"]]", CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, RenderPrimitives) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderBool("bool", true)
+      ->RenderDouble("double", std::numeric_limits<double>::max())
+      ->RenderFloat("float", std::numeric_limits<float>::max())
+      ->RenderInt32("int", std::numeric_limits<int32>::min())
+      ->RenderInt64("long", std::numeric_limits<int64>::min())
+      ->RenderBytes("bytes", "abracadabra")
+      ->RenderString("string", "string")
+      ->RenderBytes("emptybytes", "")
+      ->RenderString("emptystring", std::string())
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\"bool\":true,"
+      "\"double\":" +
+          ValueAsString<double>(std::numeric_limits<double>::max()) +
+          ","
+          "\"float\":" +
+          ValueAsString<float>(std::numeric_limits<float>::max()) +
+          ","
+          "\"int\":-2147483648,"
+          "\"long\":\"-9223372036854775808\","
+          "\"bytes\":\"YWJyYWNhZGFicmE=\","
+          "\"string\":\"string\","
+          "\"emptybytes\":\"\","
+          "\"emptystring\":\"\"}",
+      CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, BytesEncodesAsNonWebSafeBase64) {
+  std::string s;
+  s.push_back('\377');
+  s.push_back('\357');
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderBytes("bytes", s)->EndObject();
+  // Non-web-safe would encode this as "/+8="
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"bytes\":\"/+8=\"}", CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, PrettyPrintList) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter(" ", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartList("items")
+      ->RenderString("", "item1")
+      ->RenderString("", "item2")
+      ->RenderString("", "item3")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("empty")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\n"
+      " \"items\": [\n"
+      "  \"item1\",\n"
+      "  \"item2\",\n"
+      "  \"item3\"\n"
+      " ],\n"
+      " \"empty\": []\n"
+      "}\n",
+      CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, PrettyPrintObject) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter(" ", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("items")
+      ->RenderString("key1", "item1")
+      ->RenderString("key2", "item2")
+      ->RenderString("key3", "item3")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("empty")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\n"
+      " \"items\": {\n"
+      "  \"key1\": \"item1\",\n"
+      "  \"key2\": \"item2\",\n"
+      "  \"key3\": \"item3\"\n"
+      " },\n"
+      " \"empty\": {}\n"
+      "}\n",
+      CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, PrettyPrintEmptyObjectInEmptyList) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter(" ", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartList("list")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\n"
+      " \"list\": [\n"
+      "  {}\n"
+      " ]\n"
+      "}\n",
+      CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, PrettyPrintDoubleIndent) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("  ", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderBool("bool", true)
+      ->RenderInt32("int", 42)
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\n"
+      "  \"bool\": true,\n"
+      "  \"int\": 42\n"
+      "}\n",
+      CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, StringsEscapedAndEnclosedInDoubleQuotes) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("string", "'<>&amp;\\\"\r\n")->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"string\":\"'\\u003c\\u003e&amp;\\\\\\\"\\r\\n\"}",
+            CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, Stringification) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderDouble("double_nan", std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())
+      ->RenderFloat("float_nan", std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN())
+      ->RenderDouble("double_pos", std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity())
+      ->RenderFloat("float_pos", std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity())
+      ->RenderDouble("double_neg", -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity())
+      ->RenderFloat("float_neg", -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity())
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\"double_nan\":\"NaN\","
+      "\"float_nan\":\"NaN\","
+      "\"double_pos\":\"Infinity\","
+      "\"float_pos\":\"Infinity\","
+      "\"double_neg\":\"-Infinity\","
+      "\"float_neg\":\"-Infinity\"}",
+      CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, TestRegularByteEncoding) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderBytes("bytes", "\x03\xef\xc0")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Test that we get regular (non websafe) base64 encoding on byte fields by
+  // default.
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"bytes\":\"A+/A\"}", CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, TestWebsafeByteEncoding) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->set_use_websafe_base64_for_bytes(true);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderBytes("bytes", "\x03\xef\xc0\x10")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Test that we get websafe base64 encoding when explicitly asked.
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"bytes\":\"A-_AEA==\"}", CloseStreamAndGetString());
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a221b98c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,924 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+// Allow these symbols to be referenced as util::Status, util::error::* in
+// this file.
+using util::Status;
+namespace error {
+using util::error::CANCELLED;
+using util::error::INTERNAL;
+using util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+}  // namespace error
+
+namespace converter {
+
+// Number of digits in an escaped UTF-16 code unit ('\\' 'u' X X X X)
+static const int kUnicodeEscapedLength = 6;
+
+static const int kDefaultMaxRecursionDepth = 100;
+
+// These cannot be constexpr for portability with VS2015.
+static const StringPiece kKeywordTrue = "true";
+static const StringPiece kKeywordFalse = "false";
+static const StringPiece kKeywordNull = "null";
+
+inline bool IsLetter(char c) {
+  return ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || (c == '_') ||
+         (c == '$');
+}
+
+inline bool IsAlphanumeric(char c) {
+  return IsLetter(c) || ('0' <= c && c <= '9');
+}
+
+// Indicates a character may not be part of an unquoted key.
+inline bool IsKeySeparator(char c) {
+  return (ascii_isspace(c) || c == '"' || c == '\'' || c == '{' || c == '}' ||
+          c == '[' || c == ']' || c == ':' || c == ',');
+}
+
+static bool ConsumeKey(StringPiece* input, StringPiece* key) {
+  if (input->empty() || !IsLetter((*input)[0])) return false;
+  int len = 1;
+  for (; len < input->size(); ++len) {
+    if (!IsAlphanumeric((*input)[len])) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  *key = StringPiece(input->data(), len);
+  *input = StringPiece(input->data() + len, input->size() - len);
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Same as 'ConsumeKey', but allows a widened set of key characters.
+static bool ConsumeKeyPermissive(StringPiece* input,
+                                 StringPiece* key) {
+  if (input->empty() || !IsLetter((*input)[0])) return false;
+  int len = 1;
+  for (; len < input->size(); ++len) {
+    if (IsKeySeparator((*input)[len])) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  *key = StringPiece(input->data(), len);
+  *input = StringPiece(input->data() + len, input->size() - len);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool MatchKey(StringPiece input) {
+  return !input.empty() && IsLetter(input[0]);
+}
+
+JsonStreamParser::JsonStreamParser(ObjectWriter* ow)
+    : ow_(ow),
+      stack_(),
+      leftover_(),
+      json_(),
+      p_(),
+      key_(),
+      key_storage_(),
+      finishing_(false),
+      parsed_(),
+      parsed_storage_(),
+      string_open_(0),
+      chunk_storage_(),
+      coerce_to_utf8_(false),
+      allow_empty_null_(false),
+      allow_permissive_key_naming_(false),
+      loose_float_number_conversion_(false),
+      recursion_depth_(0),
+      max_recursion_depth_(kDefaultMaxRecursionDepth) {
+  // Initialize the stack with a single value to be parsed.
+  stack_.push(VALUE);
+}
+
+JsonStreamParser::~JsonStreamParser() {}
+
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::Parse(StringPiece json) {
+  StringPiece chunk = json;
+  // If we have leftovers from a previous chunk, append the new chunk to it
+  // and create a new StringPiece pointing at the string's data. This could
+  // be large but we rely on the chunks to be small, assuming they are
+  // fragments of a Cord.
+  if (!leftover_.empty()) {
+    // Don't point chunk to leftover_ because leftover_ will be updated in
+    // ParseChunk(chunk).
+    chunk_storage_.swap(leftover_);
+    StrAppend(&chunk_storage_, json);
+    chunk = StringPiece(chunk_storage_);
+  }
+
+  // Find the structurally valid UTF8 prefix and parse only that.
+  int n = internal::UTF8SpnStructurallyValid(chunk);
+  if (n > 0) {
+    util::Status status = ParseChunk(chunk.substr(0, n));
+
+    // Any leftover characters are stashed in leftover_ for later parsing when
+    // there is more data available.
+    StrAppend(&leftover_, chunk.substr(n));
+    return status;
+  } else {
+    leftover_.assign(chunk.data(), chunk.size());
+    return util::Status();
+  }
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::FinishParse() {
+  // If we do not expect anything and there is nothing left to parse we're all
+  // done.
+  if (stack_.empty() && leftover_.empty()) {
+    return util::Status();
+  }
+
+  // Storage for UTF8-coerced string.
+  std::unique_ptr<char[]> utf8;
+  if (coerce_to_utf8_) {
+    utf8.reset(new char[leftover_.size()]);
+    char* coerced = internal::UTF8CoerceToStructurallyValid(leftover_, utf8.get(), ' ');
+    p_ = json_ = StringPiece(coerced, leftover_.size());
+  } else {
+    p_ = json_ = leftover_;
+    if (!internal::IsStructurallyValidUTF8(leftover_)) {
+      return ReportFailure("Encountered non UTF-8 code points.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Parse the remainder in finishing mode, which reports errors for things like
+  // unterminated strings or unknown tokens that would normally be retried.
+  finishing_ = true;
+  util::Status result = RunParser();
+  if (result.ok()) {
+    SkipWhitespace();
+    if (!p_.empty()) {
+      result = ReportFailure("Parsing terminated before end of input.");
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseChunk(StringPiece chunk) {
+  // Do not do any work if the chunk is empty.
+  if (chunk.empty()) return util::Status();
+
+  p_ = json_ = chunk;
+
+  finishing_ = false;
+  util::Status result = RunParser();
+  if (!result.ok()) return result;
+
+  SkipWhitespace();
+  if (p_.empty()) {
+    // If we parsed everything we had, clear the leftover.
+    leftover_.clear();
+  } else {
+    // If we do not expect anything i.e. stack is empty, and we have non-empty
+    // string left to parse, we report an error.
+    if (stack_.empty()) {
+      return ReportFailure("Parsing terminated before end of input.");
+    }
+    // If we expect future data i.e. stack is non-empty, and we have some
+    // unparsed data left, we save it for later parse.
+    leftover_ = std::string(p_);
+  }
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::RunParser() {
+  while (!stack_.empty()) {
+    ParseType type = stack_.top();
+    TokenType t = (string_open_ == 0) ? GetNextTokenType() : BEGIN_STRING;
+    stack_.pop();
+    util::Status result;
+    switch (type) {
+      case VALUE:
+        result = ParseValue(t);
+        break;
+
+      case OBJ_MID:
+        result = ParseObjectMid(t);
+        break;
+
+      case ENTRY:
+        result = ParseEntry(t);
+        break;
+
+      case ENTRY_MID:
+        result = ParseEntryMid(t);
+        break;
+
+      case ARRAY_VALUE:
+        result = ParseArrayValue(t);
+        break;
+
+      case ARRAY_MID:
+        result = ParseArrayMid(t);
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        result = util::Status(util::error::INTERNAL,
+                              StrCat("Unknown parse type: ", type));
+        break;
+    }
+    if (!result.ok()) {
+      // If we were cancelled, save our state and try again later.
+      if (!finishing_ &&
+          result == util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "")) {
+        stack_.push(type);
+        // If we have a key we still need to render, make sure to save off the
+        // contents in our own storage.
+        if (!key_.empty() && key_storage_.empty()) {
+          StrAppend(&key_storage_, key_);
+          key_ = StringPiece(key_storage_);
+        }
+        result = util::Status();
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseValue(TokenType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case BEGIN_OBJECT:
+      return HandleBeginObject();
+    case BEGIN_ARRAY:
+      return HandleBeginArray();
+    case BEGIN_STRING:
+      return ParseString();
+    case BEGIN_NUMBER:
+      return ParseNumber();
+    case BEGIN_TRUE:
+      return ParseTrue();
+    case BEGIN_FALSE:
+      return ParseFalse();
+    case BEGIN_NULL:
+      return ParseNull();
+    case UNKNOWN:
+      return ReportUnknown("Expected a value.");
+    default: {
+      if (allow_empty_null_ && IsEmptyNullAllowed(type)) {
+        return ParseEmptyNull();
+      }
+
+      // Special case for having been cut off while parsing, wait for more data.
+      // This handles things like 'fals' being at the end of the string, we
+      // don't know if the next char would be e, completing it, or something
+      // else, making it invalid.
+      if (!finishing_ && p_.length() < kKeywordFalse.length()) {
+        return util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "");
+      }
+      return ReportFailure("Unexpected token.");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseString() {
+  util::Status result = ParseStringHelper();
+  if (result.ok()) {
+    ow_->RenderString(key_, parsed_);
+    key_ = StringPiece();
+    parsed_ = StringPiece();
+    parsed_storage_.clear();
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseStringHelper() {
+  // If we haven't seen the start quote, grab it and remember it for later.
+  if (string_open_ == 0) {
+    string_open_ = *p_.data();
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(string_open_ == '\"' || string_open_ == '\'');
+    Advance();
+  }
+  // Track where we last copied data from so we can minimize copying.
+  const char* last = p_.data();
+  while (!p_.empty()) {
+    const char* data = p_.data();
+    if (*data == '\\') {
+      // We're about to handle an escape, copy all bytes from last to data.
+      if (last < data) {
+        parsed_storage_.append(last, data - last);
+      }
+      // If we ran out of string after the \, cancel or report an error
+      // depending on if we expect more data later.
+      if (p_.length() == 1) {
+        if (!finishing_) {
+          return util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "");
+        }
+        return ReportFailure("Closing quote expected in string.");
+      }
+      // Parse a unicode escape if we found \u in the string.
+      if (data[1] == 'u') {
+        util::Status result = ParseUnicodeEscape();
+        if (!result.ok()) {
+          return result;
+        }
+        // Move last pointer past the unicode escape and continue.
+        last = p_.data();
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Handle the standard set of backslash-escaped characters.
+      switch (data[1]) {
+        case 'b':
+          parsed_storage_.push_back('\b');
+          break;
+        case 'f':
+          parsed_storage_.push_back('\f');
+          break;
+        case 'n':
+          parsed_storage_.push_back('\n');
+          break;
+        case 'r':
+          parsed_storage_.push_back('\r');
+          break;
+        case 't':
+          parsed_storage_.push_back('\t');
+          break;
+        case 'v':
+          parsed_storage_.push_back('\v');
+          break;
+        default:
+          parsed_storage_.push_back(data[1]);
+      }
+      // We handled two characters, so advance past them and continue.
+      p_.remove_prefix(2);
+      last = p_.data();
+      continue;
+    }
+    // If we found the closing quote note it, advance past it, and return.
+    if (*data == string_open_) {
+      // If we didn't copy anything, reuse the input buffer.
+      if (parsed_storage_.empty()) {
+        parsed_ = StringPiece(last, data - last);
+      } else {
+        if (last < data) {
+          parsed_storage_.append(last, data - last);
+        }
+        parsed_ = StringPiece(parsed_storage_);
+      }
+      // Clear the quote char so next time we try to parse a string we'll
+      // start fresh.
+      string_open_ = 0;
+      Advance();
+      return util::Status();
+    }
+    // Normal character, just advance past it.
+    Advance();
+  }
+  // If we ran out of characters, copy over what we have so far.
+  if (last < p_.data()) {
+    parsed_storage_.append(last, p_.data() - last);
+  }
+  // If we didn't find the closing quote but we expect more data, cancel for now
+  if (!finishing_) {
+    return util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "");
+  }
+  // End of string reached without a closing quote, report an error.
+  string_open_ = 0;
+  return ReportFailure("Closing quote expected in string.");
+}
+
+// Converts a unicode escaped character to a decimal value stored in a char32
+// for use in UTF8 encoding utility.  We assume that str begins with \uhhhh and
+// convert that from the hex number to a decimal value.
+//
+// There are some security exploits with UTF-8 that we should be careful of:
+//   - http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/#UTF-8_Exploit
+//   - http://sites/intl-eng/design-guide/core-application
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseUnicodeEscape() {
+  if (p_.length() < kUnicodeEscapedLength) {
+    if (!finishing_) {
+      return util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "");
+    }
+    return ReportFailure("Illegal hex string.");
+  }
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ('\\', p_.data()[0]);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ('u', p_.data()[1]);
+  uint32 code = 0;
+  for (int i = 2; i < kUnicodeEscapedLength; ++i) {
+    if (!isxdigit(p_.data()[i])) {
+      return ReportFailure("Invalid escape sequence.");
+    }
+    code = (code << 4) + hex_digit_to_int(p_.data()[i]);
+  }
+  if (code >= JsonEscaping::kMinHighSurrogate &&
+      code <= JsonEscaping::kMaxHighSurrogate) {
+    if (p_.length() < 2 * kUnicodeEscapedLength) {
+      if (!finishing_) {
+        return util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "");
+      }
+      if (!coerce_to_utf8_) {
+        return ReportFailure("Missing low surrogate.");
+      }
+    } else if (p_.data()[kUnicodeEscapedLength] == '\\' &&
+               p_.data()[kUnicodeEscapedLength + 1] == 'u') {
+      uint32 low_code = 0;
+      for (int i = kUnicodeEscapedLength + 2; i < 2 * kUnicodeEscapedLength;
+           ++i) {
+        if (!isxdigit(p_.data()[i])) {
+          return ReportFailure("Invalid escape sequence.");
+        }
+        low_code = (low_code << 4) + hex_digit_to_int(p_.data()[i]);
+      }
+      if (low_code >= JsonEscaping::kMinLowSurrogate &&
+          low_code <= JsonEscaping::kMaxLowSurrogate) {
+        // Convert UTF-16 surrogate pair to 21-bit Unicode codepoint.
+        code = (((code & 0x3FF) << 10) | (low_code & 0x3FF)) +
+               JsonEscaping::kMinSupplementaryCodePoint;
+        // Advance past the first code unit escape.
+        p_.remove_prefix(kUnicodeEscapedLength);
+      } else if (!coerce_to_utf8_) {
+        return ReportFailure("Invalid low surrogate.");
+      }
+    } else if (!coerce_to_utf8_) {
+      return ReportFailure("Missing low surrogate.");
+    }
+  }
+  if (!coerce_to_utf8_ && !IsValidCodePoint(code)) {
+    return ReportFailure("Invalid unicode code point.");
+  }
+  char buf[UTFmax];
+  int len = EncodeAsUTF8Char(code, buf);
+  // Advance past the [final] code unit escape.
+  p_.remove_prefix(kUnicodeEscapedLength);
+  parsed_storage_.append(buf, len);
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseNumber() {
+  NumberResult number;
+  util::Status result = ParseNumberHelper(&number);
+  if (result.ok()) {
+    switch (number.type) {
+      case NumberResult::DOUBLE:
+        ow_->RenderDouble(key_, number.double_val);
+        key_ = StringPiece();
+        break;
+
+      case NumberResult::INT:
+        ow_->RenderInt64(key_, number.int_val);
+        key_ = StringPiece();
+        break;
+
+      case NumberResult::UINT:
+        ow_->RenderUint64(key_, number.uint_val);
+        key_ = StringPiece();
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        return ReportFailure("Unable to parse number.");
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseDoubleHelper(const std::string& number,
+                                                 NumberResult* result) {
+  if (!safe_strtod(number, &result->double_val)) {
+    return ReportFailure("Unable to parse number.");
+  }
+  if (!loose_float_number_conversion_ && !std::isfinite(result->double_val)) {
+    return ReportFailure("Number exceeds the range of double.");
+  }
+  result->type = NumberResult::DOUBLE;
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseNumberHelper(NumberResult* result) {
+  const char* data = p_.data();
+  int length = p_.length();
+
+  // Look for the first non-numeric character, or the end of the string.
+  int index = 0;
+  bool floating = false;
+  bool negative = data[index] == '-';
+  // Find the first character that cannot be part of the number. Along the way
+  // detect if the number needs to be parsed as a double.
+  // Note that this restricts numbers to the JSON specification, so for example
+  // we do not support hex or octal notations.
+  for (; index < length; ++index) {
+    char c = data[index];
+    if (isdigit(c)) continue;
+    if (c == '.' || c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
+      floating = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (c == '+' || c == '-' || c == 'x') continue;
+    // Not a valid number character, break out.
+    break;
+  }
+
+  // If the entire input is a valid number, and we may have more content in the
+  // future, we abort for now and resume when we know more.
+  if (index == length && !finishing_) {
+    return util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "");
+  }
+
+  // Create a string containing just the number, so we can use safe_strtoX
+  std::string number = std::string(p_.substr(0, index));
+
+  // Floating point number, parse as a double.
+  if (floating) {
+    util::Status status = ParseDoubleHelper(number, result);
+    if (status.ok()) {
+      p_.remove_prefix(index);
+    }
+    return status;
+  }
+
+  // Positive non-floating point number, parse as a uint64.
+  if (!negative) {
+    // Octal/Hex numbers are not valid JSON values.
+    if (number.length() >= 2 && number[0] == '0') {
+      return ReportFailure("Octal/hex numbers are not valid JSON values.");
+    }
+    if (safe_strtou64(number, &result->uint_val)) {
+      result->type = NumberResult::UINT;
+      p_.remove_prefix(index);
+      return util::Status();
+    } else {
+      // If the value is too large, parse it as double.
+      util::Status status = ParseDoubleHelper(number, result);
+      if (status.ok()) {
+        p_.remove_prefix(index);
+      }
+      return status;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Octal/Hex numbers are not valid JSON values.
+  if (number.length() >= 3 && number[1] == '0') {
+    return ReportFailure("Octal/hex numbers are not valid JSON values.");
+  }
+  // Negative non-floating point number, parse as an int64.
+  if (safe_strto64(number, &result->int_val)) {
+    result->type = NumberResult::INT;
+    p_.remove_prefix(index);
+    return util::Status();
+  } else {
+    // If the value is too large, parse it as double.
+    util::Status status = ParseDoubleHelper(number, result);
+    if (status.ok()) {
+      p_.remove_prefix(index);
+    }
+    return status;
+  }
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::HandleBeginObject() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ('{', *p_.data());
+  Advance();
+  ow_->StartObject(key_);
+  auto status = IncrementRecursionDepth(key_);
+  if (!status.ok()) {
+    return status;
+  }
+  key_ = StringPiece();
+  stack_.push(ENTRY);
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseObjectMid(TokenType type) {
+  if (type == UNKNOWN) {
+    return ReportUnknown("Expected , or } after key:value pair.");
+  }
+
+  // Object is complete, advance past the comma and render the EndObject.
+  if (type == END_OBJECT) {
+    Advance();
+    ow_->EndObject();
+    --recursion_depth_;
+    return util::Status();
+  }
+  // Found a comma, advance past it and get ready for an entry.
+  if (type == VALUE_SEPARATOR) {
+    Advance();
+    stack_.push(ENTRY);
+    return util::Status();
+  }
+  // Illegal token after key:value pair.
+  return ReportFailure("Expected , or } after key:value pair.");
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseEntry(TokenType type) {
+  if (type == UNKNOWN) {
+    return ReportUnknown("Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+
+  // Close the object and return. This allows for trailing commas.
+  if (type == END_OBJECT) {
+    ow_->EndObject();
+    Advance();
+    --recursion_depth_;
+    return util::Status();
+  }
+
+  util::Status result;
+  if (type == BEGIN_STRING) {
+    // Key is a string (standard JSON), parse it and store the string.
+    result = ParseStringHelper();
+    if (result.ok()) {
+      key_storage_.clear();
+      if (!parsed_storage_.empty()) {
+        parsed_storage_.swap(key_storage_);
+        key_ = StringPiece(key_storage_);
+      } else {
+        key_ = parsed_;
+      }
+      parsed_ = StringPiece();
+    }
+  } else if (type == BEGIN_KEY) {
+    // Key is a bare key (back compat), create a StringPiece pointing to it.
+    result = ParseKey();
+  } else if (type == BEGIN_NULL || type == BEGIN_TRUE || type == BEGIN_FALSE) {
+    // Key may be a bare key that begins with a reserved word.
+    result = ParseKey();
+    if (result.ok() && (key_ == kKeywordNull || key_ == kKeywordTrue ||
+                        key_ == kKeywordFalse)) {
+      result = ReportFailure("Expected an object key or }.");
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Unknown key type, report an error.
+    result = ReportFailure("Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+  // On success we next expect an entry mid ':' then an object mid ',' or '}'
+  if (result.ok()) {
+    stack_.push(OBJ_MID);
+    stack_.push(ENTRY_MID);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseEntryMid(TokenType type) {
+  if (type == UNKNOWN) {
+    return ReportUnknown("Expected : between key:value pair.");
+  }
+  if (type == ENTRY_SEPARATOR) {
+    Advance();
+    stack_.push(VALUE);
+    return util::Status();
+  }
+  return ReportFailure("Expected : between key:value pair.");
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::HandleBeginArray() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ('[', *p_.data());
+  Advance();
+  ow_->StartList(key_);
+  key_ = StringPiece();
+  stack_.push(ARRAY_VALUE);
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseArrayValue(TokenType type) {
+  if (type == UNKNOWN) {
+    return ReportUnknown("Expected a value or ] within an array.");
+  }
+
+  if (type == END_ARRAY) {
+    ow_->EndList();
+    Advance();
+    return util::Status();
+  }
+
+  // The ParseValue call may push something onto the stack so we need to make
+  // sure an ARRAY_MID is after it, so we push it on now. Also, the parsing of
+  // empty-null array value is relying on this ARRAY_MID token.
+  stack_.push(ARRAY_MID);
+  util::Status result = ParseValue(type);
+  if (result == util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "")) {
+    // If we were cancelled, pop back off the ARRAY_MID so we don't try to
+    // push it on again when we try over.
+    stack_.pop();
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseArrayMid(TokenType type) {
+  if (type == UNKNOWN) {
+    return ReportUnknown("Expected , or ] after array value.");
+  }
+
+  if (type == END_ARRAY) {
+    ow_->EndList();
+    Advance();
+    return util::Status();
+  }
+
+  // Found a comma, advance past it and expect an array value next.
+  if (type == VALUE_SEPARATOR) {
+    Advance();
+    stack_.push(ARRAY_VALUE);
+    return util::Status();
+  }
+  // Illegal token after array value.
+  return ReportFailure("Expected , or ] after array value.");
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseTrue() {
+  ow_->RenderBool(key_, true);
+  key_ = StringPiece();
+  p_.remove_prefix(kKeywordTrue.length());
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseFalse() {
+  ow_->RenderBool(key_, false);
+  key_ = StringPiece();
+  p_.remove_prefix(kKeywordFalse.length());
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseNull() {
+  ow_->RenderNull(key_);
+  key_ = StringPiece();
+  p_.remove_prefix(kKeywordNull.length());
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseEmptyNull() {
+  ow_->RenderNull(key_);
+  key_ = StringPiece();
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+bool JsonStreamParser::IsEmptyNullAllowed(TokenType type) {
+  if (stack_.empty()) return false;
+  return (stack_.top() == ARRAY_MID && type == VALUE_SEPARATOR) ||
+         stack_.top() == OBJ_MID;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ReportFailure(StringPiece message) {
+  static const int kContextLength = 20;
+  const char* p_start = p_.data();
+  const char* json_start = json_.data();
+  const char* begin = std::max(p_start - kContextLength, json_start);
+  const char* end =
+      std::min(p_start + kContextLength, json_start + json_.size());
+  StringPiece segment(begin, end - begin);
+  std::string location(p_start - begin, ' ');
+  location.push_back('^');
+  return util::Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                      StrCat(message, "\n", segment, "\n", location));
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ReportUnknown(StringPiece message) {
+  // If we aren't finishing the parse, cancel parsing and try later.
+  if (!finishing_) {
+    return util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "");
+  }
+  if (p_.empty()) {
+    return ReportFailure(StrCat("Unexpected end of string. ", message));
+  }
+  return ReportFailure(message);
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::IncrementRecursionDepth(
+    StringPiece key) const {
+  if (++recursion_depth_ > max_recursion_depth_) {
+    return Status(
+        util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+        StrCat("Message too deep. Max recursion depth reached for key '",
+                     key, "'"));
+  }
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+void JsonStreamParser::SkipWhitespace() {
+  while (!p_.empty() && ascii_isspace(*p_.data())) {
+    Advance();
+  }
+}
+
+void JsonStreamParser::Advance() {
+  // Advance by moving one UTF8 character while making sure we don't go beyond
+  // the length of StringPiece.
+  p_.remove_prefix(std::min<int>(
+      p_.length(), UTF8FirstLetterNumBytes(p_.data(), p_.length())));
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseKey() {
+  StringPiece original = p_;
+
+  if (allow_permissive_key_naming_) {
+    if (!ConsumeKeyPermissive(&p_, &key_)) {
+      return ReportFailure("Invalid key or variable name.");
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (!ConsumeKey(&p_, &key_)) {
+      return ReportFailure("Invalid key or variable name.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If we consumed everything but expect more data, reset p_ and cancel since
+  // we can't know if the key was complete or not.
+  if (!finishing_ && p_.empty()) {
+    p_ = original;
+    return util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "");
+  }
+  // Since we aren't using the key storage, clear it out.
+  key_storage_.clear();
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+JsonStreamParser::TokenType JsonStreamParser::GetNextTokenType() {
+  SkipWhitespace();
+
+  int size = p_.size();
+  if (size == 0) {
+    // If we ran out of data, report unknown and we'll place the previous parse
+    // type onto the stack and try again when we have more data.
+    return UNKNOWN;
+  }
+  // TODO(sven): Split this method based on context since different contexts
+  // support different tokens. Would slightly speed up processing?
+  const char* data = p_.data();
+  StringPiece data_view = StringPiece(data, size);
+  if (*data == '\"' || *data == '\'') return BEGIN_STRING;
+  if (*data == '-' || ('0' <= *data && *data <= '9')) {
+    return BEGIN_NUMBER;
+  }
+  if (size >= kKeywordTrue.length() &&
+      HasPrefixString(data_view, kKeywordTrue)) {
+    return BEGIN_TRUE;
+  }
+  if (size >= kKeywordFalse.length() &&
+      HasPrefixString(data_view, kKeywordFalse)) {
+    return BEGIN_FALSE;
+  }
+  if (size >= kKeywordNull.length() &&
+      HasPrefixString(data_view, kKeywordNull)) {
+    return BEGIN_NULL;
+  }
+  if (*data == '{') return BEGIN_OBJECT;
+  if (*data == '}') return END_OBJECT;
+  if (*data == '[') return BEGIN_ARRAY;
+  if (*data == ']') return END_ARRAY;
+  if (*data == ':') return ENTRY_SEPARATOR;
+  if (*data == ',') return VALUE_SEPARATOR;
+  if (MatchKey(p_)) {
+    return BEGIN_KEY;
+  }
+
+  // We don't know that we necessarily have an invalid token here, just that we
+  // can't parse what we have so far. So we don't report an error and just
+  // return UNKNOWN so we can try again later when we have more data, or if we
+  // finish and we have leftovers.
+  return UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0292bf26c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_JSON_STREAM_PARSER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_JSON_STREAM_PARSER_H__
+
+#include <stack>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class ObjectWriter;
+
+// A JSON parser that can parse a stream of JSON chunks rather than needing the
+// entire JSON string up front. It is a modified version of the parser in
+// //net/proto/json/json-parser.h that has been changed in the following ways:
+// - Changed from recursion to an explicit stack to allow resumption
+// - Added support for int64 and uint64 numbers
+// - Removed support for octal and decimal escapes
+// - Removed support for numeric keys
+// - Removed support for functions (javascript)
+// - Removed some lax-comma support (but kept trailing comma support)
+// - Writes directly to an ObjectWriter rather than using subclassing
+//
+// Here is an example usage:
+// JsonStreamParser parser(ow_.get());
+// util::Status result = parser.Parse(chunk1);
+// result.Update(parser.Parse(chunk2));
+// result.Update(parser.FinishParse());
+// GOOGLE_DCHECK(result.ok()) << "Failed to parse JSON";
+//
+// This parser is thread-compatible as long as only one thread is calling a
+// Parse() method at a time.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT JsonStreamParser {
+ public:
+  // Creates a JsonStreamParser that will write to the given ObjectWriter.
+  explicit JsonStreamParser(ObjectWriter* ow);
+  virtual ~JsonStreamParser();
+
+  // Parses a UTF-8 encoded JSON string from a StringPiece.
+  util::Status Parse(StringPiece json);
+
+
+  // Finish parsing the JSON string.
+  util::Status FinishParse();
+
+
+  // Sets the max recursion depth of JSON message to be deserialized. JSON
+  // messages over this depth will fail to be deserialized.
+  // Default value is 100.
+  void set_max_recursion_depth(int max_depth) {
+    max_recursion_depth_ = max_depth;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  friend class JsonStreamParserTest;
+  // Return the current recursion depth.
+  int recursion_depth() { return recursion_depth_; }
+
+  enum TokenType {
+    BEGIN_STRING,     // " or '
+    BEGIN_NUMBER,     // - or digit
+    BEGIN_TRUE,       // true
+    BEGIN_FALSE,      // false
+    BEGIN_NULL,       // null
+    BEGIN_OBJECT,     // {
+    END_OBJECT,       // }
+    BEGIN_ARRAY,      // [
+    END_ARRAY,        // ]
+    ENTRY_SEPARATOR,  // :
+    VALUE_SEPARATOR,  // ,
+    BEGIN_KEY,        // letter, _, $ or digit.  Must begin with non-digit
+    UNKNOWN           // Unknown token or we ran out of the stream.
+  };
+
+  enum ParseType {
+    VALUE,        // Expects a {, [, true, false, null, string or number
+    OBJ_MID,      // Expects a ',' or }
+    ENTRY,        // Expects a key or }
+    ENTRY_MID,    // Expects a :
+    ARRAY_VALUE,  // Expects a value or ]
+    ARRAY_MID     // Expects a ',' or ]
+  };
+
+  // Holds the result of parsing a number
+  struct NumberResult {
+    enum Type { DOUBLE, INT, UINT };
+    Type type;
+    union {
+      double double_val;
+      int64 int_val;
+      uint64 uint_val;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Parses a single chunk of JSON, returning an error if the JSON was invalid.
+  util::Status ParseChunk(StringPiece json);
+
+  // Runs the parser based on stack_ and p_, until the stack is empty or p_ runs
+  // out of data. If we unexpectedly run out of p_ we push the latest back onto
+  // the stack and return.
+  util::Status RunParser();
+
+  // Parses a value from p_ and writes it to ow_.
+  // A value may be an object, array, true, false, null, string or number.
+  util::Status ParseValue(TokenType type);
+
+  // Parses a string and writes it out to the ow_.
+  util::Status ParseString();
+
+  // Parses a string, storing the result in parsed_.
+  util::Status ParseStringHelper();
+
+  // This function parses unicode escape sequences in strings. It returns an
+  // error when there's a parsing error, either the size is not the expected
+  // size or a character is not a hex digit.  When it returns str will contain
+  // what has been successfully parsed so far.
+  util::Status ParseUnicodeEscape();
+
+  // Expects p_ to point to a JSON number, writes the number to the writer using
+  // the appropriate Render method based on the type of number.
+  util::Status ParseNumber();
+
+  // Parse a number into a NumberResult, reporting an error if no number could
+  // be parsed. This method will try to parse into a uint64, int64, or double
+  // based on whether the number was positive or negative or had a decimal
+  // component.
+  util::Status ParseNumberHelper(NumberResult* result);
+
+  // Parse a number as double into a NumberResult.
+  util::Status ParseDoubleHelper(const std::string& number,
+                                   NumberResult* result);
+
+  // Handles a { during parsing of a value.
+  util::Status HandleBeginObject();
+
+  // Parses from the ENTRY state.
+  util::Status ParseEntry(TokenType type);
+
+  // Parses from the ENTRY_MID state.
+  util::Status ParseEntryMid(TokenType type);
+
+  // Parses from the OBJ_MID state.
+  util::Status ParseObjectMid(TokenType type);
+
+  // Handles a [ during parsing of a value.
+  util::Status HandleBeginArray();
+
+  // Parses from the ARRAY_VALUE state.
+  util::Status ParseArrayValue(TokenType type);
+
+  // Parses from the ARRAY_MID state.
+  util::Status ParseArrayMid(TokenType type);
+
+  // Expects p_ to point to an unquoted literal
+  util::Status ParseTrue();
+  util::Status ParseFalse();
+  util::Status ParseNull();
+  util::Status ParseEmptyNull();
+
+  // Whether an empty-null is allowed in the current state.
+  bool IsEmptyNullAllowed(TokenType type);
+
+  // Report a failure as a util::Status.
+  util::Status ReportFailure(StringPiece message);
+
+  // Report a failure due to an UNKNOWN token type. We check if we hit the
+  // end of the stream and if we're finishing or not to detect what type of
+  // status to return in this case.
+  util::Status ReportUnknown(StringPiece message);
+
+  // Helper function to check recursion depth and increment it. It will return
+  // Status::OK if the current depth is allowed. Otherwise an error is returned.
+  // key is used for error reporting.
+  util::Status IncrementRecursionDepth(StringPiece key) const;
+
+  // Advance p_ past all whitespace or until the end of the string.
+  void SkipWhitespace();
+
+  // Advance p_ one UTF-8 character
+  void Advance();
+
+  // Expects p_ to point to the beginning of a key.
+  util::Status ParseKey();
+
+  // Return the type of the next token at p_.
+  TokenType GetNextTokenType();
+
+  // The object writer to write parse events to.
+  ObjectWriter* ow_;
+
+  // The stack of parsing we still need to do. When the stack runs empty we will
+  // have parsed a single value from the root (e.g. an object or list).
+  std::stack<ParseType> stack_;
+
+  // Contains any leftover text from a previous chunk that we weren't able to
+  // fully parse, for example the start of a key or number.
+  std::string leftover_;
+
+  // The current chunk of JSON being parsed. Primarily used for providing
+  // context during error reporting.
+  StringPiece json_;
+
+  // A pointer within the current JSON being parsed, used to track location.
+  StringPiece p_;
+
+  // Stores the last key read, as we separate parsing of keys and values.
+  StringPiece key_;
+
+  // Storage for key_ if we need to keep ownership, for example between chunks
+  // or if the key was unescaped from a JSON string.
+  std::string key_storage_;
+
+  // True during the FinishParse() call, so we know that any errors are fatal.
+  // For example an unterminated string will normally result in cancelling and
+  // trying during the next chunk, but during FinishParse() it is an error.
+  bool finishing_;
+
+  // String we parsed during a call to ParseStringHelper().
+  StringPiece parsed_;
+
+  // Storage for the string we parsed. This may be empty if the string was able
+  // to be parsed directly from the input.
+  std::string parsed_storage_;
+
+  // The character that opened the string, either ' or ".
+  // A value of 0 indicates that string parsing is not in process.
+  char string_open_;
+
+  // Storage for the chunk that are being parsed in ParseChunk().
+  std::string chunk_storage_;
+
+  // Whether to allow non UTF-8 encoded input and replace invalid code points.
+  bool coerce_to_utf8_;
+
+  // Whether allows empty string represented null array value or object entry
+  // value.
+  bool allow_empty_null_;
+
+  // Whether unquoted object keys can contain embedded non-alphanumeric
+  // characters when this is unambiguous for parsing.
+  bool allow_permissive_key_naming_;
+
+  // Whether allows out-of-range floating point numbers or reject them.
+  bool loose_float_number_conversion_;
+
+  // Tracks current recursion depth.
+  mutable int recursion_depth_;
+
+  // Maximum allowed recursion depth.
+  int max_recursion_depth_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(JsonStreamParser);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_JSON_STREAM_PARSER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6bb22a6c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,917 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/time.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+using util::Status;
+namespace error {
+using util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+}  // namespace error
+namespace converter {
+
+using util::Status;
+
+// Tests for the JSON Stream Parser. These tests are intended to be
+// comprehensive and cover the following:
+//
+// Positive tests:
+// - true, false, null
+// - empty object or array.
+// - negative and positive double and int, unsigned int
+// - single and double quoted strings
+// - string key, unquoted key, numeric key
+// - array containing array, object, value
+// - object containing array, object, value
+// - unicode handling in strings
+// - ascii escaping (\b, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v)
+// - trailing commas
+//
+// Negative tests:
+// - illegal literals
+// - mismatched quotes failure on strings
+// - unterminated string failure
+// - unexpected end of string failure
+// - mismatched object and array closing
+// - Failure to close array or object
+// - numbers too large
+// - invalid unicode escapes.
+// - invalid unicode sequences.
+// - numbers as keys
+//
+// For each test we split the input string on every possible character to ensure
+// the parser is able to handle arbitrarily split input for all cases. We also
+// do a final test of the entire test case one character at a time.
+//
+// It is verified that expected calls to the mocked objects are in sequence.
+class JsonStreamParserTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  JsonStreamParserTest() : mock_(), ow_(&mock_) {}
+  virtual ~JsonStreamParserTest() {}
+
+  util::Status RunTest(StringPiece json, int split,
+                       std::function<void(JsonStreamParser*)> setup) {
+    JsonStreamParser parser(&mock_);
+    setup(&parser);
+
+    // Special case for split == length, test parsing one character at a time.
+    if (split == json.length()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "Testing split every char: " << json;
+      for (int i = 0; i < json.length(); ++i) {
+        StringPiece single = json.substr(i, 1);
+        util::Status result = parser.Parse(single);
+        if (!result.ok()) {
+          return result;
+        }
+      }
+      return parser.FinishParse();
+    }
+
+    // Normal case, split at the split point and parse two substrings.
+    StringPiece first = json.substr(0, split);
+    StringPiece rest = json.substr(split);
+    GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "Testing split: " << first << "><" << rest;
+    util::Status result = parser.Parse(first);
+    if (result.ok()) {
+      result = parser.Parse(rest);
+      if (result.ok()) {
+        result = parser.FinishParse();
+      }
+    }
+    if (result.ok()) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(parser.recursion_depth(), 0);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  void DoTest(
+      StringPiece json, int split,
+      std::function<void(JsonStreamParser*)> setup = [](JsonStreamParser* p) {
+      }) {
+    util::Status result = RunTest(json, split, setup);
+    if (!result.ok()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << result;
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result.ok());
+  }
+
+  void DoErrorTest(
+      StringPiece json, int split, StringPiece error_prefix,
+      std::function<void(JsonStreamParser*)> setup = [](JsonStreamParser* p) {
+      }) {
+    util::Status result = RunTest(json, split, setup);
+    EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT, result.code());
+    StringPiece error_message(result.error_message());
+    EXPECT_EQ(error_prefix, error_message.substr(0, error_prefix.size()));
+  }
+
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+  // TODO(xiaofeng): We have to disable InSequence check for MSVC because it
+  // causes stack overflow due to its use of a linked list that is desctructed
+  // recursively.
+  ::testing::InSequence in_sequence_;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+  MockObjectWriter mock_;
+  ExpectingObjectWriter ow_;
+};
+
+
+// Positive tests
+
+// - true, false, null
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleTrue) {
+  StringPiece str = "true";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderBool("", true);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleFalse) {
+  StringPiece str = "false";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderBool("", false);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleNull) {
+  StringPiece str = "null";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderNull("");
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// - empty object and array.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, EmptyObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")->EndObject();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, EmptyList) {
+  StringPiece str = "[]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")->EndList();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// - negative and positive double and int, unsigned int
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleDouble) {
+  StringPiece str = "42.5";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderDouble("", 42.5);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ScientificDouble) {
+  StringPiece str = "1.2345e-10";
+  for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderDouble("", 1.2345e-10);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleNegativeDouble) {
+  StringPiece str = "-1045.235";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderDouble("", -1045.235);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleInt) {
+  StringPiece str = "123456";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderUint64("", 123456);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleNegativeInt) {
+  StringPiece str = "-79497823553162765";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderInt64("", -79497823553162765LL);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleUnsignedInt) {
+  StringPiece str = "11779497823553162765";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderUint64("", 11779497823553162765ULL);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, OctalNumberIsInvalid) {
+  StringPiece str = "01234";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Octal/hex numbers are not valid JSON values.");
+  }
+  str = "-01234";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Octal/hex numbers are not valid JSON values.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, HexNumberIsInvalid) {
+  StringPiece str = "0x1234";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Octal/hex numbers are not valid JSON values.");
+  }
+  str = "-0x1234";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Octal/hex numbers are not valid JSON values.");
+  }
+  str = "12x34";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unable to parse number.");
+  }
+}
+
+// - single and double quoted strings
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, EmptyDoubleQuotedString) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"\"";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderString("", "");
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, EmptySingleQuotedString) {
+  StringPiece str = "''";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderString("", "");
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleDoubleQuotedString) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"Some String\"";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderString("", "Some String");
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleSingleQuotedString) {
+  StringPiece str = "'Another String'";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderString("", "Another String");
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// - string key, unquoted key, numeric key
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ObjectKeyTypes) {
+  StringPiece str =
+      "{'s': true, \"d\": false, key: null, snake_key: [], camelKey: {}}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")
+        ->RenderBool("s", true)
+        ->RenderBool("d", false)
+        ->RenderNull("key")
+        ->StartList("snake_key")
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartObject("camelKey")
+        ->EndObject()
+        ->EndObject();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnquotedObjectKeyWithReservedPrefxes) {
+  StringPiece str = "{ nullkey: \"a\", truekey: \"b\", falsekey: \"c\"}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")
+        ->RenderString("nullkey", "a")
+        ->RenderString("truekey", "b")
+        ->RenderString("falsekey", "c")
+        ->EndObject();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnquotedObjectKeyWithReservedKeyword) {
+  StringPiece str = "{ null: \"a\", true: \"b\", false: \"c\"}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnquotedObjectKeyWithEmbeddedNonAlphanumeric) {
+  StringPiece str = "{ foo-bar-baz: \"a\"}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected : between key:value pair.");
+  }
+}
+
+
+// - array containing primitive values (true, false, null, num, string)
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ArrayPrimitiveValues) {
+  StringPiece str = "[true, false, null, 'one', \"two\"]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")
+        ->RenderBool("", true)
+        ->RenderBool("", false)
+        ->RenderNull("")
+        ->RenderString("", "one")
+        ->RenderString("", "two")
+        ->EndList();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// - array containing array, object
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ArrayComplexValues) {
+  StringPiece str =
+      "[[22, -127, 45.3, -1056.4, 11779497823553162765], {'key': true}]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")
+        ->StartList("")
+        ->RenderUint64("", 22)
+        ->RenderInt64("", -127)
+        ->RenderDouble("", 45.3)
+        ->RenderDouble("", -1056.4)
+        ->RenderUint64("", 11779497823553162765ULL)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartObject("")
+        ->RenderBool("key", true)
+        ->EndObject()
+        ->EndList();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+
+// - object containing array, object, value (true, false, null, num, string)
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ObjectValues) {
+  StringPiece str =
+      "{t: true, f: false, n: null, s: 'a string', d: \"another string\", pi: "
+      "22, ni: -127, pd: 45.3, nd: -1056.4, pl: 11779497823553162765, l: [[]], "
+      "o: {'key': true}}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")
+        ->RenderBool("t", true)
+        ->RenderBool("f", false)
+        ->RenderNull("n")
+        ->RenderString("s", "a string")
+        ->RenderString("d", "another string")
+        ->RenderUint64("pi", 22)
+        ->RenderInt64("ni", -127)
+        ->RenderDouble("pd", 45.3)
+        ->RenderDouble("nd", -1056.4)
+        ->RenderUint64("pl", 11779497823553162765ULL)
+        ->StartList("l")
+        ->StartList("")
+        ->EndList()
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartObject("o")
+        ->RenderBool("key", true)
+        ->EndObject()
+        ->EndObject();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, RejectNonUtf8WhenNotCoerced) {
+  StringPiece json = "{\"address\":\xFF\"חרושת 23, רעננה, ישר�ל\"}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= json.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(json, i, "Encountered non UTF-8 code points.");
+  }
+  json = "{\"address\": \"חרושת 23,\xFFרעננה, ישר�ל\"}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= json.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(json, i, "Encountered non UTF-8 code points.");
+  }
+  DoErrorTest("\xFF{}", 0, "Encountered non UTF-8 code points.");
+}
+
+// - unicode handling in strings
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnicodeEscaping) {
+  StringPiece str = "[\"\\u0639\\u0631\\u0628\\u0649\"]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")
+        ->RenderString("", "\xD8\xB9\xD8\xB1\xD8\xA8\xD9\x89")
+        ->EndList();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// - unicode UTF-16 surrogate pair handling in strings
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnicodeSurrogatePairEscaping) {
+  StringPiece str =
+      "[\"\\u0bee\\ud800\\uddf1\\uD80C\\uDDA4\\uD83d\\udC1D\\uD83C\\uDF6F\"]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")
+        ->RenderString("",
+                       "\xE0\xAF\xAE\xF0\x90\x87\xB1\xF0\x93\x86\xA4\xF0"
+                       "\x9F\x90\x9D\xF0\x9F\x8D\xAF")
+        ->EndList();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnicodeEscapingInvalidCodePointWhenNotCoerced) {
+  // A low surrogate alone.
+  StringPiece str = "[\"\\ude36\"]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Invalid unicode code point.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnicodeEscapingMissingLowSurrogateWhenNotCoerced) {
+  // A high surrogate alone.
+  StringPiece str = "[\"\\ud83d\"]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Missing low surrogate.");
+  }
+  // A high surrogate with some trailing characters.
+  str = "[\"\\ud83d|ude36\"]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Missing low surrogate.");
+  }
+  // A high surrogate with half a low surrogate.
+  str = "[\"\\ud83d\\ude--\"]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Invalid escape sequence.");
+  }
+  // Two high surrogates.
+  str = "[\"\\ud83d\\ud83d\"]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Invalid low surrogate.");
+  }
+}
+
+// - ascii escaping (\b, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v)
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, AsciiEscaping) {
+  StringPiece str =
+      "[\"\\b\", \"\\ning\", \"test\\f\", \"\\r\\t\", \"test\\\\\\ving\"]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")
+        ->RenderString("", "\b")
+        ->RenderString("", "\ning")
+        ->RenderString("", "test\f")
+        ->RenderString("", "\r\t")
+        ->RenderString("", "test\\\ving")
+        ->EndList();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// - trailing commas, we support a single trailing comma but no internal commas.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, TrailingCommas) {
+  StringPiece str = "[['a',true,], {b: null,},]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")
+        ->StartList("")
+        ->RenderString("", "a")
+        ->RenderBool("", true)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartObject("")
+        ->RenderNull("b")
+        ->EndObject()
+        ->EndList();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// Negative tests
+
+// illegal literals
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ExtraTextAfterTrue) {
+  StringPiece str = "truee";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderBool("", true);
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Parsing terminated before end of input.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidNumberDashOnly) {
+  StringPiece str = "-";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unable to parse number.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidNumberDashName) {
+  StringPiece str = "-foo";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unable to parse number.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidLiteralInArray) {
+  StringPiece str = "[nule]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unexpected token.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidLiteralInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{123false}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+// mismatched quotes failure on strings
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MismatchedSingleQuotedLiteral) {
+  StringPiece str = "'Some str\"";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Closing quote expected in string.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MismatchedDoubleQuotedLiteral) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"Another string that ends poorly!'";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Closing quote expected in string.");
+  }
+}
+
+// unterminated strings
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnterminatedLiteralString) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"Forgot the rest of i";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Closing quote expected in string.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnterminatedStringEscape) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"Forgot the rest of \\";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Closing quote expected in string.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnterminatedStringInArray) {
+  StringPiece str = "[\"Forgot to close the string]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Closing quote expected in string.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnterminatedStringInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{f: \"Forgot to close the string}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Closing quote expected in string.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnterminatedObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unexpected end of string.");
+  }
+}
+
+
+// mismatched object and array closing
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MismatchedCloseObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{'key': true]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")->RenderBool("key", true);
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected , or } after key:value pair.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MismatchedCloseArray) {
+  StringPiece str = "[true, null}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")->RenderBool("", true)->RenderNull("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected , or ] after array value.");
+  }
+}
+
+// Invalid object keys.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidNumericObjectKey) {
+  StringPiece str = "{42: true}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidLiteralObjectInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{{bob: true}}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidLiteralArrayInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{[null]}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidLiteralValueInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{false}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MissingColonAfterStringInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{\"key\"}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected : between key:value pair.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MissingColonAfterKeyInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{key}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected : between key:value pair.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, EndOfTextAfterKeyInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{key";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unexpected end of string.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MissingValueAfterColonInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{key:}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unexpected token.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MissingCommaBetweenObjectEntries) {
+  StringPiece str = "{key:20 'hello': true}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")->RenderUint64("key", 20);
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected , or } after key:value pair.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidLiteralAsObjectKey) {
+  StringPiece str = "{false: 20}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ExtraCharactersAfterObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{}}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")->EndObject();
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Parsing terminated before end of input.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, PositiveNumberTooBigIsDouble) {
+  StringPiece str = "18446744073709551616";  // 2^64
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderDouble("", 18446744073709552000.0);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, NegativeNumberTooBigIsDouble) {
+  StringPiece str = "-18446744073709551616";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderDouble("", -18446744073709551616.0);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, DoubleTooBig) {
+  StringPiece str = "[1.89769e+308]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Number exceeds the range of double.");
+  }
+  str = "[-1.89769e+308]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Number exceeds the range of double.");
+  }
+}
+
+
+// invalid bare backslash.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnfinishedEscape) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"\\";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Closing quote expected in string.");
+  }
+}
+
+// invalid bare backslash u.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnfinishedUnicodeEscape) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"\\u";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Illegal hex string.");
+  }
+}
+
+// invalid unicode sequence.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnicodeEscapeCutOff) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"\\u12";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Illegal hex string.");
+  }
+}
+
+// invalid unicode sequence (valid in modern EcmaScript but not in JSON).
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, BracketedUnicodeEscape) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"\\u{1f36f}\"";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Invalid escape sequence.");
+  }
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnicodeEscapeInvalidCharacters) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"\\u12$4hello";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Invalid escape sequence.");
+  }
+}
+
+// invalid unicode sequence in low half surrogate: g is not a hex digit.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnicodeEscapeLowHalfSurrogateInvalidCharacters) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"\\ud800\\udcfg\"";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Invalid escape sequence.");
+  }
+}
+
+// Extra commas with an object or array.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ExtraCommaInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{'k1': true,,'k2': false}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")->RenderBool("k1", true);
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ExtraCommaInArray) {
+  StringPiece str = "[true,,false}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")->RenderBool("", true);
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unexpected token.");
+  }
+}
+
+// Extra text beyond end of value.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ExtraTextAfterLiteral) {
+  StringPiece str = "'hello', 'world'";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderString("", "hello");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Parsing terminated before end of input.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ExtraTextAfterObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{'key': true} 'oops'";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")->RenderBool("key", true)->EndObject();
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Parsing terminated before end of input.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ExtraTextAfterArray) {
+  StringPiece str = "[null] 'oops'";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")->RenderNull("")->EndList();
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Parsing terminated before end of input.");
+  }
+}
+
+// Random unknown text in the value.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnknownCharactersAsValue) {
+  StringPiece str = "*&#25";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected a value.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnknownCharactersInArray) {
+  StringPiece str = "[*&#25]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected a value or ] within an array.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnknownCharactersInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{'key': *&#25}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected a value.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, DeepNestJsonNotExceedLimit) {
+  int count = 99;
+  std::string str;
+  for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    StrAppend(&str, "{'a':");
+  }
+  StrAppend(&str, "{'nest64':'v1', 'nest64': false, 'nest64': ['v2']}");
+  for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    StrAppend(&str, "}");
+  }
+  ow_.StartObject("");
+  for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("a");
+  }
+  ow_.RenderString("nest64", "v1")
+      ->RenderBool("nest64", false)
+      ->StartList("nest64")
+      ->RenderString("", "v2")
+      ->EndList();
+  for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    ow_.EndObject();
+  }
+  ow_.EndObject();
+  DoTest(str, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, DeepNestJsonExceedLimit) {
+  int count = 98;
+  std::string str;
+  for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    StrAppend(&str, "{'a':");
+  }
+  // Supports trailing commas.
+  StrAppend(&str,
+                  "{'nest11' : [{'nest12' : null,},],"
+                  "'nest21' : {'nest22' : {'nest23' : false}}}");
+  for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    StrAppend(&str, "}");
+  }
+  DoErrorTest(str, 0,
+              "Message too deep. Max recursion depth reached for key 'nest22'");
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/location_tracker.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/location_tracker.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c29a75a74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/location_tracker.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_LOCATION_TRACKER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_LOCATION_TRACKER_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// LocationTrackerInterface is an interface for classes that track
+// the location information for the purpose of error reporting.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT LocationTrackerInterface {
+ public:
+  virtual ~LocationTrackerInterface() {}
+
+  // Returns the object location as human readable string.
+  virtual std::string ToString() const = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  LocationTrackerInterface() {}
+
+ private:
+  // Please do not add any data members to this class.
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(LocationTrackerInterface);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_LOCATION_TRACKER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/mock_error_listener.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/mock_error_listener.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53e58768b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/mock_error_listener.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_MOCK_ERROR_LISTENER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_MOCK_ERROR_LISTENER_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/location_tracker.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class MockErrorListener : public ErrorListener {
+ public:
+  MockErrorListener() {}
+  virtual ~MockErrorListener() {}
+
+  MOCK_METHOD3(InvalidName,
+               void(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                    StringPiece unknown_name, StringPiece message));
+  MOCK_METHOD3(InvalidValue,
+               void(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                    StringPiece type_name, StringPiece value));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(MissingField, void(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                                  StringPiece missing_name));
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_MOCK_ERROR_LISTENER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_location_tracker.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_location_tracker.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..571279d59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_location_tracker.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_LOCATION_TRACKER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_LOCATION_TRACKER_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/location_tracker.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// An empty concrete implementation of LocationTrackerInterface.
+class ObjectLocationTracker : public LocationTrackerInterface {
+ public:
+  // Creates an empty location tracker.
+  ObjectLocationTracker() {}
+
+  ~ObjectLocationTracker() override {}
+
+  // Returns empty because nothing is tracked.
+  std::string ToString() const override { return ""; }
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ObjectLocationTracker);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_LOCATION_TRACKER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_source.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_source.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28b1aaec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_source.h
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_SOURCE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_SOURCE_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+// Must be included last.
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class ObjectWriter;
+
+// An ObjectSource is anything that can write to an ObjectWriter.
+// Implementation of this interface typically provide constructors or
+// factory methods to create an instance based on some source data, for
+// example, a character stream, or protobuf.
+//
+// Derived classes could be thread-unsafe.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ObjectSource {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ObjectSource() {}
+
+  // Writes to the ObjectWriter
+  virtual util::Status WriteTo(ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+    return NamedWriteTo("", ow);
+  }
+
+  // Writes to the ObjectWriter with a custom name for the message.
+  // This is useful when you chain ObjectSource together by embedding one
+  // within another.
+  virtual util::Status NamedWriteTo(StringPiece name,
+                                      ObjectWriter* ow) const = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  ObjectSource() {}
+
+ private:
+  // Do not add any data members to this class.
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ObjectSource);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_SOURCE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb1b3e571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// static
+void ObjectWriter::RenderDataPieceTo(const DataPiece& data,
+                                     StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  switch (data.type()) {
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_INT32: {
+      ow->RenderInt32(name, data.ToInt32().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_INT64: {
+      ow->RenderInt64(name, data.ToInt64().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_UINT32: {
+      ow->RenderUint32(name, data.ToUint32().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_UINT64: {
+      ow->RenderUint64(name, data.ToUint64().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      ow->RenderDouble(name, data.ToDouble().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      ow->RenderFloat(name, data.ToFloat().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_BOOL: {
+      ow->RenderBool(name, data.ToBool().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_STRING: {
+      ow->RenderString(name, data.ToString().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_BYTES: {
+      ow->RenderBytes(name, data.ToBytes().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_NULL: {
+      ow->RenderNull(name);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..856d77d07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_WRITER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_WRITER_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+// Must be included last.
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class DataPiece;
+
+// An ObjectWriter is an interface for writing a stream of events
+// representing objects and collections. Implementation of this
+// interface can be used to write an object stream to an in-memory
+// structure, protobufs, JSON, XML, or any other output format
+// desired. The ObjectSource interface is typically used as the
+// source of an object stream.
+//
+// See JsonObjectWriter for a sample implementation of ObjectWriter
+// and its use.
+//
+// Derived classes could be thread-unsafe.
+//
+// TODO(xinb): seems like a prime candidate to apply the RAII paradigm
+// and get rid the need to call EndXXX().
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ObjectWriter {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ObjectWriter() {}
+
+  // Starts an object. If the name is empty, the object will not be named.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* StartObject(StringPiece name) = 0;
+
+  // Ends an object.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* EndObject() = 0;
+
+  // Starts a list. If the name is empty, the list will not be named.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* StartList(StringPiece name) = 0;
+
+  // Ends a list.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* EndList() = 0;
+
+  // Renders a boolean value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderBool(StringPiece name, bool value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders an 32-bit integer value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderInt32(StringPiece name, int32 value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders an 32-bit unsigned integer value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderUint32(StringPiece name, uint32 value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders a 64-bit integer value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderInt64(StringPiece name, int64 value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders an 64-bit unsigned integer value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderUint64(StringPiece name, uint64 value) = 0;
+
+
+  // Renders a double value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderDouble(StringPiece name, double value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders a float value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderFloat(StringPiece name, float value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders a StringPiece value. This is for rendering strings.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderString(StringPiece name,
+                                     StringPiece value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders a bytes value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderBytes(StringPiece name, StringPiece value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders a Null value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderNull(StringPiece name) = 0;
+
+
+  // Renders a DataPiece object to a ObjectWriter.
+  static void RenderDataPieceTo(const DataPiece& data, StringPiece name,
+                                ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Indicates whether this ObjectWriter has completed writing the root message,
+  // usually this means writing of one complete object. Subclasses must override
+  // this behavior appropriately.
+  virtual bool done() { return false; }
+
+  void set_use_strict_base64_decoding(bool value) {
+    use_strict_base64_decoding_ = value;
+  }
+
+  bool use_strict_base64_decoding() const {
+    return use_strict_base64_decoding_;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ObjectWriter() : use_strict_base64_decoding_(true) {}
+
+ private:
+  // If set to true, we use the stricter version of base64 decoding for byte
+  // fields by making sure decoded version encodes back to the original string.
+  bool use_strict_base64_decoding_;
+
+  // Do not add any data members to this class.
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ObjectWriter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_WRITER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31288b351
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,828 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <stack>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/time.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_location_tracker.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+using io::CodedOutputStream;
+using ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite;
+using util::Status;
+using util::StatusOr;
+using util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+
+
+ProtoWriter::ProtoWriter(TypeResolver* type_resolver,
+                         const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                         strings::ByteSink* output, ErrorListener* listener)
+    : master_type_(type),
+      typeinfo_(TypeInfo::NewTypeInfo(type_resolver)),
+      own_typeinfo_(true),
+      done_(false),
+      ignore_unknown_fields_(false),
+      ignore_unknown_enum_values_(false),
+      use_lower_camel_for_enums_(false),
+      case_insensitive_enum_parsing_(true),
+      element_(nullptr),
+      size_insert_(),
+      output_(output),
+      buffer_(),
+      adapter_(&buffer_),
+      stream_(new CodedOutputStream(&adapter_)),
+      listener_(listener),
+      invalid_depth_(0),
+      tracker_(new ObjectLocationTracker()) {}
+
+ProtoWriter::ProtoWriter(const TypeInfo* typeinfo,
+                         const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                         strings::ByteSink* output, ErrorListener* listener)
+    : master_type_(type),
+      typeinfo_(typeinfo),
+      own_typeinfo_(false),
+      done_(false),
+      ignore_unknown_fields_(false),
+      ignore_unknown_enum_values_(false),
+      use_lower_camel_for_enums_(false),
+      case_insensitive_enum_parsing_(true),
+      element_(nullptr),
+      size_insert_(),
+      output_(output),
+      buffer_(),
+      adapter_(&buffer_),
+      stream_(new CodedOutputStream(&adapter_)),
+      listener_(listener),
+      invalid_depth_(0),
+      tracker_(new ObjectLocationTracker()) {}
+
+ProtoWriter::~ProtoWriter() {
+  if (own_typeinfo_) {
+    delete typeinfo_;
+  }
+  if (element_ == nullptr) return;
+  // Cleanup explicitly in order to avoid destructor stack overflow when input
+  // is deeply nested.
+  // Cast to BaseElement to avoid doing additional checks (like missing fields)
+  // during pop().
+  std::unique_ptr<BaseElement> element(
+      static_cast<BaseElement*>(element_.get())->pop<BaseElement>());
+  while (element != nullptr) {
+    element.reset(element->pop<BaseElement>());
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Writes an INT32 field, including tag to the stream.
+inline Status WriteInt32(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                         CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<int32> i32 = data.ToInt32();
+  if (i32.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteInt32(field_number, i32.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return i32.status();
+}
+
+// writes an SFIXED32 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteSFixed32(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                            CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<int32> i32 = data.ToInt32();
+  if (i32.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed32(field_number, i32.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return i32.status();
+}
+
+// Writes an SINT32 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteSInt32(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                          CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<int32> i32 = data.ToInt32();
+  if (i32.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteSInt32(field_number, i32.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return i32.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a FIXED32 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteFixed32(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                           CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<uint32> u32 = data.ToUint32();
+  if (u32.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteFixed32(field_number, u32.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return u32.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a UINT32 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteUInt32(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                          CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<uint32> u32 = data.ToUint32();
+  if (u32.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32(field_number, u32.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return u32.status();
+}
+
+// Writes an INT64 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteInt64(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                         CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<int64> i64 = data.ToInt64();
+  if (i64.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteInt64(field_number, i64.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return i64.status();
+}
+
+// Writes an SFIXED64 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteSFixed64(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                            CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<int64> i64 = data.ToInt64();
+  if (i64.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed64(field_number, i64.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return i64.status();
+}
+
+// Writes an SINT64 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteSInt64(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                          CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<int64> i64 = data.ToInt64();
+  if (i64.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteSInt64(field_number, i64.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return i64.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a FIXED64 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteFixed64(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                           CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<uint64> u64 = data.ToUint64();
+  if (u64.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteFixed64(field_number, u64.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return u64.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a UINT64 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteUInt64(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                          CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<uint64> u64 = data.ToUint64();
+  if (u64.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64(field_number, u64.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return u64.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a DOUBLE field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteDouble(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                          CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<double> d = data.ToDouble();
+  if (d.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteDouble(field_number, d.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return d.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a FLOAT field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteFloat(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                         CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<float> f = data.ToFloat();
+  if (f.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteFloat(field_number, f.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return f.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a BOOL field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteBool(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                        CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<bool> b = data.ToBool();
+  if (b.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteBool(field_number, b.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return b.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a BYTES field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteBytes(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                         CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<std::string> c = data.ToBytes();
+  if (c.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteBytes(field_number, c.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return c.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a STRING field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteString(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                          CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<std::string> s = data.ToString();
+  if (s.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteString(field_number, s.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return s.status();
+}
+
+// Given a google::protobuf::Type, returns the set of all required fields.
+std::set<const google::protobuf::Field*> GetRequiredFields(
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type) {
+  std::set<const google::protobuf::Field*> required;
+  for (int i = 0; i < type.fields_size(); i++) {
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field = type.fields(i);
+    if (field.cardinality() == google::protobuf::Field::CARDINALITY_REQUIRED) {
+      required.insert(&field);
+    }
+  }
+  return required;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ProtoWriter::ProtoElement::ProtoElement(const TypeInfo* typeinfo,
+                                        const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                        ProtoWriter* enclosing)
+    : BaseElement(nullptr),
+      ow_(enclosing),
+      parent_field_(nullptr),
+      typeinfo_(typeinfo),
+      proto3_(type.syntax() == google::protobuf::SYNTAX_PROTO3),
+      type_(type),
+      size_index_(-1),
+      array_index_(-1),
+      // oneof_indices_ values are 1-indexed (0 means not present).
+      oneof_indices_(type.oneofs_size() + 1) {
+  if (!proto3_) {
+    required_fields_ = GetRequiredFields(type_);
+  }
+}
+
+ProtoWriter::ProtoElement::ProtoElement(ProtoWriter::ProtoElement* parent,
+                                        const google::protobuf::Field* field,
+                                        const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                        bool is_list)
+    : BaseElement(parent),
+      ow_(this->parent()->ow_),
+      parent_field_(field),
+      typeinfo_(this->parent()->typeinfo_),
+      proto3_(type.syntax() == google::protobuf::SYNTAX_PROTO3),
+      type_(type),
+      size_index_(!is_list &&
+                          field->kind() == google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_MESSAGE
+                      ? ow_->size_insert_.size()
+                      : -1),
+      array_index_(is_list ? 0 : -1),
+      // oneof_indices_ values are 1-indexed (0 means not present).
+      oneof_indices_(type_.oneofs_size() + 1) {
+  if (!is_list) {
+    if (ow_->IsRepeated(*field)) {
+      // Update array_index_ if it is an explicit list.
+      if (this->parent()->array_index_ >= 0) this->parent()->array_index_++;
+    } else if (!proto3_) {
+      // For required fields tracking.
+      this->parent()->RegisterField(field);
+    }
+
+    if (field->kind() == google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      if (!proto3_) {
+        required_fields_ = GetRequiredFields(type_);
+      }
+      int start_pos = ow_->stream_->ByteCount();
+      // length of serialized message is the final buffer position minus
+      // starting buffer position, plus length adjustments for size fields
+      // of any nested messages. We start with -start_pos here, so we only
+      // need to add the final buffer position to it at the end.
+      SizeInfo info = {start_pos, -start_pos};
+      ow_->size_insert_.push_back(info);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+ProtoWriter::ProtoElement* ProtoWriter::ProtoElement::pop() {
+  if (!proto3_) {
+    // Calls the registered error listener for any required field(s) not yet
+    // seen.
+    for (std::set<const google::protobuf::Field*>::iterator it =
+             required_fields_.begin();
+         it != required_fields_.end(); ++it) {
+      ow_->MissingField((*it)->name());
+    }
+  }
+  // Computes the total number of proto bytes used by a message, also adjusts
+  // the size of all parent messages by the length of this size field.
+  // If size_index_ < 0, this is not a message, so no size field is added.
+  if (size_index_ >= 0) {
+    // Add the final buffer position to compute the total length of this
+    // serialized message. The stored value (before this addition) already
+    // contains the total length of the size fields of all nested messages
+    // minus the initial buffer position.
+    ow_->size_insert_[size_index_].size += ow_->stream_->ByteCount();
+    // Calculate the length required to serialize the size field of the
+    // message, and propagate this additional size information upward to
+    // all enclosing messages.
+    int size = ow_->size_insert_[size_index_].size;
+    int length = CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(size);
+    for (ProtoElement* e = parent(); e != nullptr; e = e->parent()) {
+      // Only nested messages have size field, lists do not have size field.
+      if (e->size_index_ >= 0) {
+        ow_->size_insert_[e->size_index_].size += length;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return BaseElement::pop<ProtoElement>();
+}
+
+void ProtoWriter::ProtoElement::RegisterField(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field) {
+  if (!required_fields_.empty() &&
+      field->cardinality() == google::protobuf::Field::CARDINALITY_REQUIRED) {
+    required_fields_.erase(field);
+  }
+}
+
+std::string ProtoWriter::ProtoElement::ToString() const {
+  std::string loc = "";
+
+  // first populate a stack with the nodes since we need to process them
+  // from root to leaf when generating the string location
+  const ProtoWriter::ProtoElement* now = this;
+  std::stack<const ProtoWriter::ProtoElement*> element_stack;
+  while (now->parent() != nullptr) {
+    element_stack.push(now);
+    now = now->parent();
+  }
+
+  // now pop each node from the stack and append to the location string
+  while (!element_stack.empty()) {
+    now = element_stack.top();
+    element_stack.pop();
+
+    if (!ow_->IsRepeated(*(now->parent_field_)) ||
+        now->parent()->parent_field_ != now->parent_field_) {
+      std::string name = now->parent_field_->name();
+      int i = 0;
+      while (i < name.size() && (ascii_isalnum(name[i]) || name[i] == '_')) ++i;
+      if (i > 0 && i == name.size()) {  // safe field name
+        if (loc.empty()) {
+          loc = name;
+        } else {
+          StrAppend(&loc, ".", name);
+        }
+      } else {
+        StrAppend(&loc, "[\"", CEscape(name), "\"]");
+      }
+    }
+
+    int array_index_now = now->array_index_;
+    if (ow_->IsRepeated(*(now->parent_field_)) && array_index_now > 0) {
+      StrAppend(&loc, "[", array_index_now - 1, "]");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return loc;
+}
+
+bool ProtoWriter::ProtoElement::IsOneofIndexTaken(int32 index) {
+  return oneof_indices_[index];
+}
+
+void ProtoWriter::ProtoElement::TakeOneofIndex(int32 index) {
+  oneof_indices_[index] = true;
+}
+
+void ProtoWriter::InvalidName(StringPiece unknown_name,
+                              StringPiece message) {
+  listener_->InvalidName(location(), unknown_name, message);
+}
+
+void ProtoWriter::InvalidValue(StringPiece type_name,
+                               StringPiece value) {
+  listener_->InvalidValue(location(), type_name, value);
+}
+
+void ProtoWriter::MissingField(StringPiece missing_name) {
+  listener_->MissingField(location(), missing_name);
+}
+
+ProtoWriter* ProtoWriter::StartObject(StringPiece name) {
+  // Starting the root message. Create the root ProtoElement and return.
+  if (element_ == nullptr) {
+    if (!name.empty()) {
+      InvalidName(name, "Root element should not be named.");
+    }
+    element_.reset(new ProtoElement(typeinfo_, master_type_, this));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = nullptr;
+  field = BeginNamed(name, false);
+  if (field == nullptr) return this;
+
+  // Check to see if this field is a oneof and that no oneof in that group has
+  // already been set.
+  if (!ValidOneof(*field, name)) {
+    ++invalid_depth_;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = LookupType(field);
+  if (type == nullptr) {
+    ++invalid_depth_;
+    InvalidName(name, StrCat("Missing descriptor for field: ",
+                                   field->type_url()));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  return StartObjectField(*field, *type);
+}
+
+ProtoWriter* ProtoWriter::EndObject() {
+  if (invalid_depth_ > 0) {
+    --invalid_depth_;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (element_ != nullptr) {
+    element_.reset(element_->pop());
+  }
+
+
+  // If ending the root element,
+  // then serialize the full message with calculated sizes.
+  if (element_ == nullptr) {
+    WriteRootMessage();
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+ProtoWriter* ProtoWriter::StartList(StringPiece name) {
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = BeginNamed(name, true);
+  if (field == nullptr) return this;
+
+  if (!ValidOneof(*field, name)) {
+    ++invalid_depth_;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = LookupType(field);
+  if (type == nullptr) {
+    ++invalid_depth_;
+    InvalidName(name, StrCat("Missing descriptor for field: ",
+                                   field->type_url()));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  return StartListField(*field, *type);
+}
+
+ProtoWriter* ProtoWriter::EndList() {
+  if (invalid_depth_ > 0) {
+    --invalid_depth_;
+  } else if (element_ != nullptr) {
+    element_.reset(element_->pop());
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+ProtoWriter* ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece(StringPiece name,
+                                          const DataPiece& data) {
+  Status status;
+  if (invalid_depth_ > 0) return this;
+
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = Lookup(name);
+  if (field == nullptr) return this;
+
+  if (!ValidOneof(*field, name)) return this;
+
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = LookupType(field);
+  if (type == nullptr) {
+    InvalidName(name, StrCat("Missing descriptor for field: ",
+                                   field->type_url()));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  return RenderPrimitiveField(*field, *type, data);
+}
+
+bool ProtoWriter::ValidOneof(const google::protobuf::Field& field,
+                             StringPiece unnormalized_name) {
+  if (element_ == nullptr) return true;
+
+  if (field.oneof_index() > 0) {
+    if (element_->IsOneofIndexTaken(field.oneof_index())) {
+      InvalidValue(
+          "oneof",
+          StrCat(
+              "oneof field '", element_->type().oneofs(field.oneof_index() - 1),
+              "' is already set. Cannot set '", unnormalized_name, "'"));
+      return false;
+    }
+    element_->TakeOneofIndex(field.oneof_index());
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ProtoWriter::IsRepeated(const google::protobuf::Field& field) {
+  return field.cardinality() == google::protobuf::Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED;
+}
+
+ProtoWriter* ProtoWriter::StartObjectField(const google::protobuf::Field& field,
+                                           const google::protobuf::Type& type) {
+    WriteTag(field);
+  element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), &field, type, false));
+  return this;
+}
+
+ProtoWriter* ProtoWriter::StartListField(const google::protobuf::Field& field,
+                                         const google::protobuf::Type& type) {
+  element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), &field, type, true));
+  return this;
+}
+
+Status ProtoWriter::WriteEnum(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                              const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type,
+                              CodedOutputStream* stream,
+                              bool use_lower_camel_for_enums,
+                              bool case_insensitive_enum_parsing,
+                              bool ignore_unknown_values) {
+  bool is_unknown_enum_value = false;
+  StatusOr<int> e = data.ToEnum(enum_type, use_lower_camel_for_enums,
+                                case_insensitive_enum_parsing,
+                                ignore_unknown_values, &is_unknown_enum_value);
+  if (e.ok() && !is_unknown_enum_value) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteEnum(field_number, e.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return e.status();
+}
+
+ProtoWriter* ProtoWriter::RenderPrimitiveField(
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    const DataPiece& data) {
+  Status status;
+
+  // Pushing a ProtoElement and then pop it off at the end for 2 purposes:
+  // error location reporting and required field accounting.
+  //
+  // For proto3, since there is no required field tracking, we only need to push
+  // ProtoElement for error cases.
+  if (!element_->proto3()) {
+    element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), &field, type, false));
+  }
+
+  if (field.kind() == google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_UNKNOWN ||
+      field.kind() == google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    // Push a ProtoElement for location reporting purposes.
+    if (element_->proto3()) {
+      element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), &field, type, false));
+    }
+    InvalidValue(field.type_url().empty()
+                     ? google::protobuf::Field_Kind_Name(field.kind())
+                     : field.type_url(),
+                 data.ValueAsStringOrDefault(""));
+    element_.reset(element()->pop());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  switch (field.kind()) {
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_INT32: {
+      status = WriteInt32(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SFIXED32: {
+      status = WriteSFixed32(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SINT32: {
+      status = WriteSInt32(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_FIXED32: {
+      status = WriteFixed32(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_UINT32: {
+      status = WriteUInt32(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_INT64: {
+      status = WriteInt64(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SFIXED64: {
+      status = WriteSFixed64(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SINT64: {
+      status = WriteSInt64(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_FIXED64: {
+      status = WriteFixed64(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_UINT64: {
+      status = WriteUInt64(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      status = WriteDouble(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      status = WriteFloat(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_BOOL: {
+      status = WriteBool(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_BYTES: {
+      status = WriteBytes(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_STRING: {
+      status = WriteString(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_ENUM: {
+      status = WriteEnum(
+          field.number(), data, typeinfo_->GetEnumByTypeUrl(field.type_url()),
+          stream_.get(), use_lower_camel_for_enums_,
+          case_insensitive_enum_parsing_, ignore_unknown_enum_values_);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:  // TYPE_GROUP or TYPE_MESSAGE
+      status = Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                      data.ToString().ValueOrDie());
+  }
+
+  if (!status.ok()) {
+    // Push a ProtoElement for location reporting purposes.
+    if (element_->proto3()) {
+      element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), &field, type, false));
+    }
+    InvalidValue(google::protobuf::Field_Kind_Name(field.kind()),
+                 status.message());
+    element_.reset(element()->pop());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (!element_->proto3()) element_.reset(element()->pop());
+
+  return this;
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Field* ProtoWriter::BeginNamed(StringPiece name,
+                                                       bool is_list) {
+  if (invalid_depth_ > 0) {
+    ++invalid_depth_;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = Lookup(name);
+  if (field == nullptr) {
+    ++invalid_depth_;
+    // InvalidName() already called in Lookup().
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  if (is_list && !IsRepeated(*field)) {
+    ++invalid_depth_;
+    InvalidName(name, "Proto field is not repeating, cannot start list.");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return field;
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Field* ProtoWriter::Lookup(
+    StringPiece unnormalized_name) {
+  ProtoElement* e = element();
+  if (e == nullptr) {
+    InvalidName(unnormalized_name, "Root element must be a message.");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  if (unnormalized_name.empty()) {
+    // Objects in repeated field inherit the same field descriptor.
+    if (e->parent_field() == nullptr) {
+      InvalidName(unnormalized_name, "Proto fields must have a name.");
+    } else if (!IsRepeated(*e->parent_field())) {
+      InvalidName(unnormalized_name, "Proto fields must have a name.");
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    return e->parent_field();
+  }
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field =
+      typeinfo_->FindField(&e->type(), unnormalized_name);
+  if (field == nullptr && !ignore_unknown_fields_) {
+    InvalidName(unnormalized_name, "Cannot find field.");
+  }
+  return field;
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Type* ProtoWriter::LookupType(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field) {
+  return ((field->kind() == google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_MESSAGE ||
+           field->kind() == google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_GROUP)
+              ? typeinfo_->GetTypeByTypeUrl(field->type_url())
+              : &element_->type());
+}
+
+void ProtoWriter::WriteRootMessage() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!done_);
+  int curr_pos = 0;
+  // Calls the destructor of CodedOutputStream to remove any uninitialized
+  // memory from the Cord before we read it.
+  stream_.reset(nullptr);
+  const void* data;
+  int length;
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(buffer_.data(), buffer_.size());
+  while (input_stream.Next(&data, &length)) {
+    if (length == 0) continue;
+    int num_bytes = length;
+    // Write up to where we need to insert the size field.
+    // The number of bytes we may write is the smaller of:
+    //   - the current fragment size
+    //   - the distance to the next position where a size field needs to be
+    //     inserted.
+    if (!size_insert_.empty() &&
+        size_insert_.front().pos - curr_pos < num_bytes) {
+      num_bytes = size_insert_.front().pos - curr_pos;
+    }
+    output_->Append(static_cast<const char*>(data), num_bytes);
+    if (num_bytes < length) {
+      input_stream.BackUp(length - num_bytes);
+    }
+    curr_pos += num_bytes;
+    // Insert the size field.
+    //   size_insert_.front():      the next <index, size> pair to be written.
+    //   size_insert_.front().pos:  position of the size field.
+    //   size_insert_.front().size: the size (integer) to be inserted.
+    if (!size_insert_.empty() && curr_pos == size_insert_.front().pos) {
+      // Varint32 occupies at most 10 bytes.
+      uint8 insert_buffer[10];
+      uint8* insert_buffer_pos = CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(
+          size_insert_.front().size, insert_buffer);
+      output_->Append(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(insert_buffer),
+                      insert_buffer_pos - insert_buffer);
+      size_insert_.pop_front();
+    }
+  }
+  output_->Flush();
+  stream_.reset(new CodedOutputStream(&adapter_));
+  done_ = true;
+}
+
+void ProtoWriter::WriteTag(const google::protobuf::Field& field) {
+  WireFormatLite::WireType wire_type = WireFormatLite::WireTypeForFieldType(
+      static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(field.kind()));
+  stream_->WriteTag(WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field.number(), wire_type));
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51d17a39f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTO_WRITER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTO_WRITER_H__
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/structured_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class ObjectLocationTracker;
+
+// An ObjectWriter that can write protobuf bytes directly from writer events.
+// This class does not support special types like Struct or Map. However, since
+// this class supports raw protobuf, it can be used to provide support for
+// special types by inheriting from it or by wrapping it.
+//
+// It also supports streaming.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoWriter : public StructuredObjectWriter {
+ public:
+// Constructor. Does not take ownership of any parameter passed in.
+  ProtoWriter(TypeResolver* type_resolver, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+              strings::ByteSink* output, ErrorListener* listener);
+  ~ProtoWriter() override;
+
+  // ObjectWriter methods.
+  ProtoWriter* StartObject(StringPiece name) override;
+  ProtoWriter* EndObject() override;
+  ProtoWriter* StartList(StringPiece name) override;
+  ProtoWriter* EndList() override;
+  ProtoWriter* RenderBool(StringPiece name, bool value) override {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  ProtoWriter* RenderInt32(StringPiece name, int32 value) override {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  ProtoWriter* RenderUint32(StringPiece name, uint32 value) override {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  ProtoWriter* RenderInt64(StringPiece name, int64 value) override {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  ProtoWriter* RenderUint64(StringPiece name, uint64 value) override {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  ProtoWriter* RenderDouble(StringPiece name, double value) override {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  ProtoWriter* RenderFloat(StringPiece name, float value) override {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  ProtoWriter* RenderString(StringPiece name,
+                            StringPiece value) override {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name,
+                           DataPiece(value, use_strict_base64_decoding()));
+  }
+  ProtoWriter* RenderBytes(StringPiece name, StringPiece value) override {
+    return RenderDataPiece(
+        name, DataPiece(value, false, use_strict_base64_decoding()));
+  }
+  ProtoWriter* RenderNull(StringPiece name) override {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece::NullData());
+  }
+
+
+  // Renders a DataPiece 'value' into a field whose wire type is determined
+  // from the given field 'name'.
+  virtual ProtoWriter* RenderDataPiece(StringPiece name,
+                                       const DataPiece& value);
+
+  // Returns the location tracker to use for tracking locations for errors.
+  const LocationTrackerInterface& location() {
+    return element_ != nullptr ? *element_ : *tracker_;
+  }
+
+  // When true, we finished writing to output a complete message.
+  bool done() override { return done_; }
+
+  // Returns the proto stream object.
+  io::CodedOutputStream* stream() { return stream_.get(); }
+
+  // Getters and mutators of invalid_depth_.
+  void IncrementInvalidDepth() { ++invalid_depth_; }
+  void DecrementInvalidDepth() { --invalid_depth_; }
+  int invalid_depth() { return invalid_depth_; }
+
+  ErrorListener* listener() { return listener_; }
+
+  const TypeInfo* typeinfo() { return typeinfo_; }
+
+  void set_ignore_unknown_fields(bool ignore_unknown_fields) {
+    ignore_unknown_fields_ = ignore_unknown_fields;
+  }
+
+  bool ignore_unknown_fields() { return ignore_unknown_fields_; }
+
+  void set_ignore_unknown_enum_values(bool ignore_unknown_enum_values) {
+    ignore_unknown_enum_values_ = ignore_unknown_enum_values;
+  }
+
+  void set_use_lower_camel_for_enums(bool use_lower_camel_for_enums) {
+    use_lower_camel_for_enums_ = use_lower_camel_for_enums;
+  }
+
+  void set_case_insensitive_enum_parsing(bool case_insensitive_enum_parsing) {
+    case_insensitive_enum_parsing_ = case_insensitive_enum_parsing;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoElement : public BaseElement,
+                                       public LocationTrackerInterface {
+   public:
+    // Constructor for the root element. No parent nor field.
+    ProtoElement(const TypeInfo* typeinfo, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                 ProtoWriter* enclosing);
+
+    // Constructor for a field of an element.
+    ProtoElement(ProtoElement* parent, const google::protobuf::Field* field,
+                 const google::protobuf::Type& type, bool is_list);
+
+    ~ProtoElement() override {}
+
+    // Called just before the destructor for clean up:
+    //   - reports any missing required fields
+    //   - computes the space needed by the size field, and augment the
+    //     length of all parent messages by this additional space.
+    //   - releases and returns the parent pointer.
+    ProtoElement* pop();
+
+    // Accessors
+    // parent_field() may be nullptr if we are at root.
+    const google::protobuf::Field* parent_field() const {
+      return parent_field_;
+    }
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type() const { return type_; }
+
+    // Registers field for accounting required fields.
+    void RegisterField(const google::protobuf::Field* field);
+
+    // To report location on error messages.
+    std::string ToString() const override;
+
+    ProtoElement* parent() const override {
+      return static_cast<ProtoElement*>(BaseElement::parent());
+    }
+
+    // Returns true if the index is already taken by a preceding oneof input.
+    bool IsOneofIndexTaken(int32 index);
+
+    // Marks the oneof 'index' as taken. Future inputs to this oneof will
+    // generate an error.
+    void TakeOneofIndex(int32 index);
+
+    bool proto3() { return proto3_; }
+
+   private:
+    // Used for access to variables of the enclosing instance of
+    // ProtoWriter.
+    ProtoWriter* ow_;
+
+    // Describes the element as a field in the parent message.
+    // parent_field_ is nullptr if and only if this element is the root element.
+    const google::protobuf::Field* parent_field_;
+
+    // TypeInfo to lookup types.
+    const TypeInfo* typeinfo_;
+
+    // Whether the type_ is proto3 or not.
+    bool proto3_;
+
+    // Additional variables if this element is a message:
+    // (Root element is always a message).
+    // type_             : the type of this element.
+    // required_fields_  : set of required fields.
+    // size_index_       : index into ProtoWriter::size_insert_
+    //                     for later insertion of serialized message length.
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type_;
+    std::set<const google::protobuf::Field*> required_fields_;
+    const int size_index_;
+
+    // Tracks position in repeated fields, needed for LocationTrackerInterface.
+    int array_index_;
+
+    // Set of oneof indices already seen for the type_. Used to validate
+    // incoming messages so no more than one oneof is set.
+    std::vector<bool> oneof_indices_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(ProtoElement);
+  };
+
+  // Container for inserting 'size' information at the 'pos' position.
+  struct SizeInfo {
+    const int pos;
+    int size;
+  };
+
+  ProtoWriter(const TypeInfo* typeinfo, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+              strings::ByteSink* output, ErrorListener* listener);
+
+  ProtoElement* element() override { return element_.get(); }
+
+  // Helper methods for calling ErrorListener. See error_listener.h.
+  void InvalidName(StringPiece unknown_name, StringPiece message);
+  void InvalidValue(StringPiece type_name, StringPiece value);
+  void MissingField(StringPiece missing_name);
+
+  // Common code for BeginObject() and BeginList() that does invalid_depth_
+  // bookkeeping associated with name lookup.
+  const google::protobuf::Field* BeginNamed(StringPiece name,
+                                            bool is_list);
+
+  // Lookup the field in the current element. Looks in the base descriptor
+  // and in any extension. This will report an error if the field cannot be
+  // found when ignore_unknown_names_ is false or if multiple matching
+  // extensions are found.
+  const google::protobuf::Field* Lookup(StringPiece name);
+
+  // Lookup the field type in the type descriptor. Returns nullptr if the type
+  // is not known.
+  const google::protobuf::Type* LookupType(
+      const google::protobuf::Field* field);
+
+  // Write serialized output to the final output ByteSink, inserting all
+  // the size information for nested messages that are missing from the
+  // intermediate Cord buffer.
+  void WriteRootMessage();
+
+  // Helper method to write proto tags based on the given field.
+  void WriteTag(const google::protobuf::Field& field);
+
+
+  // Returns true if the field for type_ can be set as a oneof. If field is not
+  // a oneof type, this function does nothing and returns true.
+  // If another field for this oneof is already set, this function returns
+  // false. It also calls the appropriate error callback.
+  // unnormalized_name is used for error string.
+  bool ValidOneof(const google::protobuf::Field& field,
+                  StringPiece unnormalized_name);
+
+  // Returns true if the field is repeated.
+  bool IsRepeated(const google::protobuf::Field& field);
+
+  // Starts an object given the field and the enclosing type.
+  ProtoWriter* StartObjectField(const google::protobuf::Field& field,
+                                const google::protobuf::Type& type);
+
+  // Starts a list given the field and the enclosing type.
+  ProtoWriter* StartListField(const google::protobuf::Field& field,
+                              const google::protobuf::Type& type);
+
+  // Renders a primitve field given the field and the enclosing type.
+  ProtoWriter* RenderPrimitiveField(const google::protobuf::Field& field,
+                                    const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                    const DataPiece& value);
+
+ private:
+  // Writes an ENUM field, including tag, to the stream.
+  static util::Status WriteEnum(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                                  const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type,
+                                  io::CodedOutputStream* stream,
+                                  bool use_lower_camel_for_enums,
+                                  bool case_insensitive_enum_parsing,
+                                  bool ignore_unknown_values);
+
+  // Variables for describing the structure of the input tree:
+  // master_type_: descriptor for the whole protobuf message.
+  // typeinfo_ : the TypeInfo object to lookup types.
+  const google::protobuf::Type& master_type_;
+  const TypeInfo* typeinfo_;
+  // Whether we own the typeinfo_ object.
+  bool own_typeinfo_;
+
+  // Indicates whether we finished writing root message completely.
+  bool done_;
+
+  // If true, don't report unknown field names to the listener.
+  bool ignore_unknown_fields_;
+
+  // If true, don't report unknown enum values to the listener.
+  bool ignore_unknown_enum_values_;
+
+  // If true, check if enum name in camel case or without underscore matches the
+  // field name.
+  bool use_lower_camel_for_enums_;
+
+  // If true, check if enum name in UPPER_CASE matches the field name.
+  bool case_insensitive_enum_parsing_;
+
+  // Variable for internal state processing:
+  // element_    : the current element.
+  // size_insert_: sizes of nested messages.
+  //               pos  - position to insert the size field.
+  //               size - size value to be inserted.
+  std::unique_ptr<ProtoElement> element_;
+  std::deque<SizeInfo> size_insert_;
+
+  // Variables for output generation:
+  // output_  : pointer to an external ByteSink for final user-visible output.
+  // buffer_  : buffer holding partial message before being ready for output_.
+  // adapter_ : internal adapter between CodedOutputStream and buffer_.
+  // stream_  : wrapper for writing tags and other encodings in wire format.
+  strings::ByteSink* output_;
+  std::string buffer_;
+  io::StringOutputStream adapter_;
+  std::unique_ptr<io::CodedOutputStream> stream_;
+
+  // Variables for error tracking and reporting:
+  // listener_     : a place to report any errors found.
+  // invalid_depth_: number of enclosing invalid nested messages.
+  // tracker_      : the root location tracker interface.
+  ErrorListener* listener_;
+  int invalid_depth_;
+  std::unique_ptr<LocationTrackerInterface> tracker_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(ProtoWriter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTO_WRITER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fc026fa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1151 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h>
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/time.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status_macros.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+using util::Status;
+using util::StatusOr;
+namespace error {
+using util::error::Code;
+using util::error::INTERNAL;
+}  // namespace error
+namespace converter {
+using ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat;
+using ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite;
+using util::Status;
+using util::StatusOr;
+
+namespace {
+
+static int kDefaultMaxRecursionDepth = 64;
+
+// Finds a field with the given number. nullptr if none found.
+const google::protobuf::Field* FindFieldByNumber(
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type, int number);
+
+// Returns true if the field is packable.
+bool IsPackable(const google::protobuf::Field& field);
+
+// Finds an enum value with the given number. nullptr if none found.
+const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNumber(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum& tech_enum, int number);
+
+// Utility function to format nanos.
+const std::string FormatNanos(uint32 nanos, bool with_trailing_zeros);
+
+StatusOr<std::string> MapKeyDefaultValueAsString(
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field) {
+  switch (field.kind()) {
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return std::string("false");
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_INT32:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_INT64:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return std::string("0");
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_STRING:
+      return std::string();
+    default:
+      return Status(util::error::INTERNAL, "Invalid map key type.");
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+
+ProtoStreamObjectSource::ProtoStreamObjectSource(
+    io::CodedInputStream* stream, TypeResolver* type_resolver,
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type)
+    : stream_(stream),
+      typeinfo_(TypeInfo::NewTypeInfo(type_resolver)),
+      own_typeinfo_(true),
+      type_(type),
+      use_lower_camel_for_enums_(false),
+      use_ints_for_enums_(false),
+      preserve_proto_field_names_(false),
+      recursion_depth_(0),
+      max_recursion_depth_(kDefaultMaxRecursionDepth),
+      render_unknown_fields_(false),
+      render_unknown_enum_values_(true),
+      add_trailing_zeros_for_timestamp_and_duration_(false),
+      suppress_empty_object_(false),
+      use_legacy_json_map_format_(false) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG_IF(DFATAL, stream == nullptr) << "Input stream is nullptr.";
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectSource::ProtoStreamObjectSource(
+    io::CodedInputStream* stream, const TypeInfo* typeinfo,
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type)
+    : stream_(stream),
+      typeinfo_(typeinfo),
+      own_typeinfo_(false),
+      type_(type),
+      use_lower_camel_for_enums_(false),
+      use_ints_for_enums_(false),
+      preserve_proto_field_names_(false),
+      recursion_depth_(0),
+      max_recursion_depth_(kDefaultMaxRecursionDepth),
+      render_unknown_fields_(false),
+      render_unknown_enum_values_(true),
+      add_trailing_zeros_for_timestamp_and_duration_(false),
+      suppress_empty_object_(false),
+      use_legacy_json_map_format_(false) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG_IF(DFATAL, stream == nullptr) << "Input stream is nullptr.";
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectSource::~ProtoStreamObjectSource() {
+  if (own_typeinfo_) {
+    delete typeinfo_;
+  }
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::NamedWriteTo(StringPiece name,
+                                             ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+  return WriteMessage(type_, name, 0, true, ow);
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Field* ProtoStreamObjectSource::FindAndVerifyField(
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type, uint32 tag) const {
+  // Lookup the new field in the type by tag number.
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = FindFieldByNumber(type, tag >> 3);
+  // Verify if the field corresponds to the wire type in tag.
+  // If there is any discrepancy, mark the field as not found.
+  if (field != nullptr) {
+    WireFormatLite::WireType expected_type =
+        WireFormatLite::WireTypeForFieldType(
+            static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(field->kind()));
+    WireFormatLite::WireType actual_type = WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag);
+    if (actual_type != expected_type &&
+        (!IsPackable(*field) ||
+         actual_type != WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)) {
+      field = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+  return field;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::WriteMessage(const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                             StringPiece name,
+                                             const uint32 end_tag,
+                                             bool include_start_and_end,
+                                             ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+
+  const TypeRenderer* type_renderer = FindTypeRenderer(type.name());
+  if (type_renderer != nullptr) {
+    return (*type_renderer)(this, type, name, ow);
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = nullptr;
+  std::string field_name;
+  // last_tag set to dummy value that is different from tag.
+  uint32 tag = stream_->ReadTag(), last_tag = tag + 1;
+  UnknownFieldSet unknown_fields;
+
+  if (tag == end_tag && suppress_empty_object_) {
+    return util::Status();
+  }
+
+  if (include_start_and_end) {
+    ow->StartObject(name);
+  }
+  while (tag != end_tag) {
+    if (tag != last_tag) {  // Update field only if tag is changed.
+      last_tag = tag;
+      field = FindAndVerifyField(type, tag);
+      if (field != nullptr) {
+        if (preserve_proto_field_names_) {
+          field_name = field->name();
+        } else {
+          field_name = field->json_name();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (field == nullptr) {
+      // If we didn't find a field, skip this unknown tag.
+      // TODO(wpoon): Check return boolean value.
+      WireFormat::SkipField(stream_, tag,
+                            render_unknown_fields_ ? &unknown_fields : nullptr);
+      tag = stream_->ReadTag();
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (field->cardinality() == google::protobuf::Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED) {
+      if (IsMap(*field)) {
+        ow->StartObject(field_name);
+        ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(tag, RenderMap(field, field_name, tag, ow));
+        ow->EndObject();
+      } else {
+        ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(tag, RenderList(field, field_name, tag, ow));
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Render the field.
+      RETURN_IF_ERROR(RenderField(field, field_name, ow));
+      tag = stream_->ReadTag();
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  if (include_start_and_end) {
+    ow->EndObject();
+  }
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+StatusOr<uint32> ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderList(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field, StringPiece name,
+    uint32 list_tag, ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+  uint32 tag_to_return = 0;
+  ow->StartList(name);
+  if (IsPackable(*field) &&
+      list_tag ==
+          WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(),
+                                  WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)) {
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(RenderPacked(field, ow));
+    // Since packed fields have a single tag, read another tag from stream to
+    // return.
+    tag_to_return = stream_->ReadTag();
+  } else {
+    do {
+      RETURN_IF_ERROR(RenderField(field, "", ow));
+    } while ((tag_to_return = stream_->ReadTag()) == list_tag);
+  }
+  ow->EndList();
+  return tag_to_return;
+}
+
+StatusOr<uint32> ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderMap(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field, StringPiece name,
+    uint32 list_tag, ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+  const google::protobuf::Type* field_type =
+      typeinfo_->GetTypeByTypeUrl(field->type_url());
+  uint32 tag_to_return = 0;
+  do {
+    // Render map entry message type.
+    uint32 buffer32;
+    stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // message length
+    int old_limit = stream_->PushLimit(buffer32);
+    std::string map_key;
+    for (uint32 tag = stream_->ReadTag(); tag != 0; tag = stream_->ReadTag()) {
+      const google::protobuf::Field* field =
+          FindAndVerifyField(*field_type, tag);
+      if (field == nullptr) {
+        WireFormat::SkipField(stream_, tag, nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Map field numbers are key = 1 and value = 2
+      if (field->number() == 1) {
+        map_key = ReadFieldValueAsString(*field);
+      } else if (field->number() == 2) {
+        if (map_key.empty()) {
+          // An absent map key is treated as the default.
+          const google::protobuf::Field* key_field =
+              FindFieldByNumber(*field_type, 1);
+          if (key_field == nullptr) {
+            // The Type info for this map entry is incorrect. It should always
+            // have a field named "key" and with field number 1.
+            return Status(util::error::INTERNAL, "Invalid map entry.");
+          }
+          ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(map_key, MapKeyDefaultValueAsString(*key_field));
+        }
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(RenderField(field, map_key, ow));
+      } else {
+        // The Type info for this map entry is incorrect. It should contain
+        // exactly two fields with field number 1 and 2.
+        return Status(util::error::INTERNAL, "Invalid map entry.");
+      }
+    }
+    stream_->PopLimit(old_limit);
+  } while ((tag_to_return = stream_->ReadTag()) == list_tag);
+  return tag_to_return;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderPacked(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field, ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+  uint32 length;
+  stream_->ReadVarint32(&length);
+  int old_limit = stream_->PushLimit(length);
+  while (stream_->BytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(RenderField(field, StringPiece(), ow));
+  }
+  stream_->PopLimit(old_limit);
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderTimestamp(
+    const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    StringPiece field_name, ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  std::pair<int64, int32> p = os->ReadSecondsAndNanos(type);
+  int64 seconds = p.first;
+  int32 nanos = p.second;
+  if (seconds > kTimestampMaxSeconds || seconds < kTimestampMinSeconds) {
+    return Status(util::error::INTERNAL,
+                  StrCat("Timestamp seconds exceeds limit for field: ",
+                               field_name));
+  }
+
+  if (nanos < 0 || nanos >= kNanosPerSecond) {
+    return Status(
+        util::error::INTERNAL,
+        StrCat("Timestamp nanos exceeds limit for field: ", field_name));
+  }
+
+  ow->RenderString(field_name,
+                   ::google::protobuf::internal::FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderDuration(
+    const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    StringPiece field_name, ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  std::pair<int64, int32> p = os->ReadSecondsAndNanos(type);
+  int64 seconds = p.first;
+  int32 nanos = p.second;
+  if (seconds > kDurationMaxSeconds || seconds < kDurationMinSeconds) {
+    return Status(
+        util::error::INTERNAL,
+        StrCat("Duration seconds exceeds limit for field: ", field_name));
+  }
+
+  if (nanos <= -kNanosPerSecond || nanos >= kNanosPerSecond) {
+    return Status(
+        util::error::INTERNAL,
+        StrCat("Duration nanos exceeds limit for field: ", field_name));
+  }
+
+  std::string sign = "";
+  if (seconds < 0) {
+    if (nanos > 0) {
+      return Status(
+          util::error::INTERNAL,
+          StrCat("Duration nanos is non-negative, but seconds is "
+                       "negative for field: ",
+                       field_name));
+    }
+    sign = "-";
+    seconds = -seconds;
+    nanos = -nanos;
+  } else if (seconds == 0 && nanos < 0) {
+    sign = "-";
+    nanos = -nanos;
+  }
+  std::string formatted_duration = StringPrintf(
+      "%s%lld%ss", sign.c_str(), static_cast<long long>(seconds),  // NOLINT
+      FormatNanos(nanos, os->add_trailing_zeros_for_timestamp_and_duration_)
+          .c_str());
+  ow->RenderString(field_name, formatted_duration);
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderDouble(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                             const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                             StringPiece field_name,
+                                             ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint64 buffer64 = 0;  // default value of Double wrapper value
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadLittleEndian64(&buffer64);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderDouble(field_name, bit_cast<double>(buffer64));
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderFloat(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                            const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                            StringPiece field_name,
+                                            ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint32 buffer32 = 0;  // default value of Float wrapper value
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadLittleEndian32(&buffer32);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderFloat(field_name, bit_cast<float>(buffer32));
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderInt64(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                            const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                            StringPiece field_name,
+                                            ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint64 buffer64 = 0;  // default value of Int64 wrapper value
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderInt64(field_name, bit_cast<int64>(buffer64));
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderUInt64(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                             const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                             StringPiece field_name,
+                                             ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint64 buffer64 = 0;  // default value of UInt64 wrapper value
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderUint64(field_name, bit_cast<uint64>(buffer64));
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderInt32(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                            const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                            StringPiece field_name,
+                                            ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint32 buffer32 = 0;  // default value of Int32 wrapper value
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderInt32(field_name, bit_cast<int32>(buffer32));
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderUInt32(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                             const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                             StringPiece field_name,
+                                             ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint32 buffer32 = 0;  // default value of UInt32 wrapper value
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderUint32(field_name, bit_cast<uint32>(buffer32));
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderBool(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                           const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                           StringPiece field_name,
+                                           ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint64 buffer64 = 0;  // results in 'false' value as default, which is the
+                        // default value of Bool wrapper
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderBool(field_name, buffer64 != 0);
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderString(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                             const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                             StringPiece field_name,
+                                             ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint32 buffer32;
+  std::string str;  // default value of empty for String wrapper
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // string size.
+    os->stream_->ReadString(&str, buffer32);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderString(field_name, str);
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderBytes(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                            const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                            StringPiece field_name,
+                                            ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint32 buffer32;
+  std::string str;
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+    os->stream_->ReadString(&str, buffer32);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderBytes(field_name, str);
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderStruct(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                             const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                             StringPiece field_name,
+                                             ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = nullptr;
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  ow->StartObject(field_name);
+  while (tag != 0) {
+    field = os->FindAndVerifyField(type, tag);
+    // google.protobuf.Struct has only one field that is a map. Hence we use
+    // RenderMap to render that field.
+    if (os->IsMap(*field)) {
+      ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(tag, os->RenderMap(field, field_name, tag, ow));
+    }
+  }
+  ow->EndObject();
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderStructValue(
+    const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    StringPiece field_name, ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = nullptr;
+  for (uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag(); tag != 0;
+       tag = os->stream_->ReadTag()) {
+    field = os->FindAndVerifyField(type, tag);
+    if (field == nullptr) {
+      WireFormat::SkipField(os->stream_, tag, nullptr);
+      continue;
+    }
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(os->RenderField(field, field_name, ow));
+  }
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+// TODO(skarvaje): Avoid code duplication of for loops and SkipField logic.
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderStructListValue(
+    const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    StringPiece field_name, ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+
+  // Render empty list when we find empty ListValue message.
+  if (tag == 0) {
+    ow->StartList(field_name);
+    ow->EndList();
+    return util::Status();
+  }
+
+  while (tag != 0) {
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field = os->FindAndVerifyField(type, tag);
+    if (field == nullptr) {
+      WireFormat::SkipField(os->stream_, tag, nullptr);
+      tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+      continue;
+    }
+    ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(tag, os->RenderList(field, field_name, tag, ow));
+  }
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderAny(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                          const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                          StringPiece field_name,
+                                          ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  // An Any is of the form { string type_url = 1; bytes value = 2; }
+  uint32 tag;
+  std::string type_url;
+  std::string value;
+
+  // First read out the type_url and value from the proto stream
+  for (tag = os->stream_->ReadTag(); tag != 0; tag = os->stream_->ReadTag()) {
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field = os->FindAndVerifyField(type, tag);
+    if (field == nullptr) {
+      WireFormat::SkipField(os->stream_, tag, nullptr);
+      continue;
+    }
+    // 'type_url' has field number of 1 and 'value' has field number 2
+    // //google/protobuf/any.proto
+    if (field->number() == 1) {
+      // read type_url
+      uint32 type_url_size;
+      os->stream_->ReadVarint32(&type_url_size);
+      os->stream_->ReadString(&type_url, type_url_size);
+    } else if (field->number() == 2) {
+      // read value
+      uint32 value_size;
+      os->stream_->ReadVarint32(&value_size);
+      os->stream_->ReadString(&value, value_size);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If there is no value, we don't lookup the type, we just output it (if
+  // present). If both type and value are empty we output an empty object.
+  if (value.empty()) {
+    ow->StartObject(field_name);
+    if (!type_url.empty()) {
+      ow->RenderString("@type", type_url);
+    }
+    ow->EndObject();
+    return util::Status();
+  }
+
+  // If there is a value but no type, we cannot render it, so report an error.
+  if (type_url.empty()) {
+    // TODO(sven): Add an external message once those are ready.
+    return util::Status(util::error::INTERNAL,
+                        "Invalid Any, the type_url is missing.");
+  }
+
+  util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> resolved_type =
+      os->typeinfo_->ResolveTypeUrl(type_url);
+
+  if (!resolved_type.ok()) {
+    // Convert into an internal error, since this means the backend gave us
+    // an invalid response (missing or invalid type information).
+    return util::Status(util::error::INTERNAL,
+                        resolved_type.status().message());
+  }
+  // nested_type cannot be null at this time.
+  const google::protobuf::Type* nested_type = resolved_type.ValueOrDie();
+
+  io::ArrayInputStream zero_copy_stream(value.data(), value.size());
+  io::CodedInputStream in_stream(&zero_copy_stream);
+  // We know the type so we can render it. Recursively parse the nested stream
+  // using a nested ProtoStreamObjectSource using our nested type information.
+  ProtoStreamObjectSource nested_os(&in_stream, os->typeinfo_, *nested_type);
+
+  // TODO(htuch): This is somewhat fragile, since new options may be omitted.
+  // We should probably do this via the constructor or some object grouping
+  // options.
+  nested_os.set_use_lower_camel_for_enums(os->use_lower_camel_for_enums_);
+  nested_os.set_use_ints_for_enums(os->use_ints_for_enums_);
+  nested_os.set_preserve_proto_field_names(os->preserve_proto_field_names_);
+
+  // We manually call start and end object here so we can inject the @type.
+  ow->StartObject(field_name);
+  ow->RenderString("@type", type_url);
+  util::Status result =
+      nested_os.WriteMessage(nested_os.type_, "value", 0, false, ow);
+  ow->EndObject();
+  return result;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderFieldMask(
+    const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    StringPiece field_name, ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  std::string combined;
+  uint32 buffer32;
+  uint32 paths_field_tag = 0;
+  for (uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag(); tag != 0;
+       tag = os->stream_->ReadTag()) {
+    if (paths_field_tag == 0) {
+      const google::protobuf::Field* field = os->FindAndVerifyField(type, tag);
+      if (field != nullptr && field->number() == 1 &&
+          field->name() == "paths") {
+        paths_field_tag = tag;
+      }
+    }
+    if (paths_field_tag != tag) {
+      return util::Status(util::error::INTERNAL,
+                          "Invalid FieldMask, unexpected field.");
+    }
+    std::string str;
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // string size.
+    os->stream_->ReadString(&str, buffer32);
+    if (!combined.empty()) {
+      combined.append(",");
+    }
+    combined.append(ConvertFieldMaskPath(str, &ToCamelCase));
+  }
+  ow->RenderString(field_name, combined);
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+
+std::unordered_map<std::string, ProtoStreamObjectSource::TypeRenderer>*
+    ProtoStreamObjectSource::renderers_ = NULL;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag source_renderers_init_;
+
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectSource::InitRendererMap() {
+  renderers_ = new std::unordered_map<std::string,
+                                      ProtoStreamObjectSource::TypeRenderer>();
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.Timestamp"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderTimestamp;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.Duration"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderDuration;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.DoubleValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderDouble;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.FloatValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderFloat;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.Int64Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderInt64;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.UInt64Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderUInt64;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.Int32Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderInt32;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.UInt32Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderUInt32;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.BoolValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderBool;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.StringValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderString;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.BytesValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderBytes;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.Any"] = &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderAny;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.Struct"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderStruct;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderStructValue;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.ListValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderStructListValue;
+  (*renderers_)["google.protobuf.FieldMask"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderFieldMask;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&DeleteRendererMap);
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectSource::DeleteRendererMap() {
+  delete ProtoStreamObjectSource::renderers_;
+  renderers_ = NULL;
+}
+
+// static
+ProtoStreamObjectSource::TypeRenderer*
+ProtoStreamObjectSource::FindTypeRenderer(const std::string& type_url) {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::call_once(source_renderers_init_,
+                                             InitRendererMap);
+  return FindOrNull(*renderers_, type_url);
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderField(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field, StringPiece field_name,
+    ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+  // Short-circuit message types as it tends to call WriteMessage recursively
+  // and ends up using a lot of stack space. Keep the stack usage of this
+  // message small in order to preserve stack space and not crash.
+  if (field->kind() == google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    uint32 buffer32;
+    stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // message length
+    int old_limit = stream_->PushLimit(buffer32);
+    // Get the nested message type for this field.
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type =
+        typeinfo_->GetTypeByTypeUrl(field->type_url());
+    if (type == nullptr) {
+      return Status(
+          util::error::INTERNAL,
+          StrCat("Invalid configuration. Could not find the type: ",
+                       field->type_url()));
+    }
+
+    // Short-circuit any special type rendering to save call-stack space.
+    const TypeRenderer* type_renderer = FindTypeRenderer(type->name());
+
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(IncrementRecursionDepth(type->name(), field_name));
+    if (type_renderer != nullptr) {
+      RETURN_IF_ERROR((*type_renderer)(this, *type, field_name, ow));
+    } else {
+      RETURN_IF_ERROR(WriteMessage(*type, field_name, 0, true, ow));
+    }
+    --recursion_depth_;
+
+    if (!stream_->ConsumedEntireMessage()) {
+      return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                    "Nested protocol message not parsed in its entirety.");
+    }
+    stream_->PopLimit(old_limit);
+  } else {
+    // Render all other non-message types.
+    return RenderNonMessageField(field, field_name, ow);
+  }
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderNonMessageField(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field, StringPiece field_name,
+    ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+  // Temporary buffers of different types.
+  uint32 buffer32;
+  uint64 buffer64;
+  std::string strbuffer;
+  switch (field->kind()) {
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_BOOL: {
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      ow->RenderBool(field_name, buffer64 != 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_INT32: {
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+      ow->RenderInt32(field_name, bit_cast<int32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_INT64: {
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      ow->RenderInt64(field_name, bit_cast<int64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_UINT32: {
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+      ow->RenderUint32(field_name, bit_cast<uint32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_UINT64: {
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      ow->RenderUint64(field_name, bit_cast<uint64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SINT32: {
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+      ow->RenderInt32(field_name, WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode32(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SINT64: {
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      ow->RenderInt64(field_name, WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode64(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SFIXED32: {
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian32(&buffer32);
+      ow->RenderInt32(field_name, bit_cast<int32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SFIXED64: {
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian64(&buffer64);
+      ow->RenderInt64(field_name, bit_cast<int64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_FIXED32: {
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian32(&buffer32);
+      ow->RenderUint32(field_name, bit_cast<uint32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_FIXED64: {
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian64(&buffer64);
+      ow->RenderUint64(field_name, bit_cast<uint64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian32(&buffer32);
+      ow->RenderFloat(field_name, bit_cast<float>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian64(&buffer64);
+      ow->RenderDouble(field_name, bit_cast<double>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_ENUM: {
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+
+      // If the field represents an explicit NULL value, render null.
+      if (field->type_url() == kStructNullValueTypeUrl) {
+        ow->RenderNull(field_name);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // Get the nested enum type for this field.
+      // TODO(skarvaje): Avoid string manipulation. Find ways to speed this
+      // up.
+      const google::protobuf::Enum* en =
+          typeinfo_->GetEnumByTypeUrl(field->type_url());
+      // Lookup the name of the enum, and render that. Unknown enum values
+      // are printed as integers.
+      if (en != nullptr) {
+        const google::protobuf::EnumValue* enum_value =
+            FindEnumValueByNumber(*en, buffer32);
+        if (enum_value != nullptr) {
+          if (use_ints_for_enums_) {
+            ow->RenderInt32(field_name, buffer32);
+          } else if (use_lower_camel_for_enums_) {
+            ow->RenderString(field_name,
+                             EnumValueNameToLowerCamelCase(enum_value->name()));
+          } else {
+            ow->RenderString(field_name, enum_value->name());
+          }
+        } else if (render_unknown_enum_values_) {
+          ow->RenderInt32(field_name, buffer32);
+        }
+      } else if (render_unknown_enum_values_) {
+        ow->RenderInt32(field_name, buffer32);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_STRING: {
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // string size.
+      stream_->ReadString(&strbuffer, buffer32);
+      ow->RenderString(field_name, strbuffer);
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_BYTES: {
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // bytes size.
+      stream_->ReadString(&strbuffer, buffer32);
+      ow->RenderBytes(field_name, strbuffer);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+// TODO(skarvaje): Fix this to avoid code duplication.
+const std::string ProtoStreamObjectSource::ReadFieldValueAsString(
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field) const {
+  std::string result;
+  switch (field.kind()) {
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_BOOL: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      result = buffer64 != 0 ? "true" : "false";
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_INT32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+      result = StrCat(bit_cast<int32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_INT64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      result = StrCat(bit_cast<int64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_UINT32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+      result = StrCat(bit_cast<uint32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_UINT64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      result = StrCat(bit_cast<uint64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SINT32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+      result = StrCat(WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode32(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SINT64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      result = StrCat(WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode64(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SFIXED32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian32(&buffer32);
+      result = StrCat(bit_cast<int32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_SFIXED64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian64(&buffer64);
+      result = StrCat(bit_cast<int64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_FIXED32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian32(&buffer32);
+      result = StrCat(bit_cast<uint32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_FIXED64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian64(&buffer64);
+      result = StrCat(bit_cast<uint64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian32(&buffer32);
+      result = SimpleFtoa(bit_cast<float>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian64(&buffer64);
+      result = SimpleDtoa(bit_cast<double>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_ENUM: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+      // Get the nested enum type for this field.
+      // TODO(skarvaje): Avoid string manipulation. Find ways to speed this
+      // up.
+      const google::protobuf::Enum* en =
+          typeinfo_->GetEnumByTypeUrl(field.type_url());
+      // Lookup the name of the enum, and render that. Skips unknown enums.
+      if (en != nullptr) {
+        const google::protobuf::EnumValue* enum_value =
+            FindEnumValueByNumber(*en, buffer32);
+        if (enum_value != nullptr) {
+          result = enum_value->name();
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_STRING: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // string size.
+      stream_->ReadString(&result, buffer32);
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_BYTES: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // bytes size.
+      stream_->ReadString(&result, buffer32);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Field is a map if it is a repeated message and it has an option "map_type".
+// TODO(skarvaje): Consider pre-computing the IsMap() into Field directly.
+bool ProtoStreamObjectSource::IsMap(
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field) const {
+  const google::protobuf::Type* field_type =
+      typeinfo_->GetTypeByTypeUrl(field.type_url());
+  return field.kind() == google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+         util::converter::IsMap(field, *field_type);
+}
+
+std::pair<int64, int32> ProtoStreamObjectSource::ReadSecondsAndNanos(
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type) const {
+  uint64 seconds = 0;
+  uint32 nanos = 0;
+  uint32 tag = 0;
+  int64 signed_seconds = 0;
+  int32 signed_nanos = 0;
+
+  for (tag = stream_->ReadTag(); tag != 0; tag = stream_->ReadTag()) {
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field = FindAndVerifyField(type, tag);
+    if (field == nullptr) {
+      WireFormat::SkipField(stream_, tag, nullptr);
+      continue;
+    }
+    // 'seconds' has field number of 1 and 'nanos' has field number 2
+    // //google/protobuf/timestamp.proto & duration.proto
+    if (field->number() == 1) {
+      // read seconds
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&seconds);
+      signed_seconds = bit_cast<int64>(seconds);
+    } else if (field->number() == 2) {
+      // read nanos
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&nanos);
+      signed_nanos = bit_cast<int32>(nanos);
+    }
+  }
+  return std::pair<int64, int32>(signed_seconds, signed_nanos);
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::IncrementRecursionDepth(
+    StringPiece type_name, StringPiece field_name) const {
+  if (++recursion_depth_ > max_recursion_depth_) {
+    return Status(
+        util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+        StrCat("Message too deep. Max recursion depth reached for type '",
+                     type_name, "', field '", field_name, "'"));
+  }
+  return util::Status();
+}
+
+namespace {
+// TODO(skarvaje): Speed this up by not doing a linear scan.
+const google::protobuf::Field* FindFieldByNumber(
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type, int number) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < type.fields_size(); ++i) {
+    if (type.fields(i).number() == number) {
+      return &type.fields(i);
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+// TODO(skarvaje): Replace FieldDescriptor by implementing IsTypePackable()
+// using tech Field.
+bool IsPackable(const google::protobuf::Field& field) {
+  return field.cardinality() == google::protobuf::Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED &&
+         FieldDescriptor::IsTypePackable(
+             static_cast<FieldDescriptor::Type>(field.kind()));
+}
+
+// TODO(skarvaje): Speed this up by not doing a linear scan.
+const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNumber(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum& tech_enum, int number) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < tech_enum.enumvalue_size(); ++i) {
+    const google::protobuf::EnumValue& ev = tech_enum.enumvalue(i);
+    if (ev.number() == number) {
+      return &ev;
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+// TODO(skarvaje): Look into optimizing this by not doing computation on
+// double.
+const std::string FormatNanos(uint32 nanos, bool with_trailing_zeros) {
+  if (nanos == 0) {
+    return with_trailing_zeros ? ".000" : "";
+  }
+
+  const char* format =
+      (nanos % 1000 != 0) ? "%.9f" : (nanos % 1000000 != 0) ? "%.6f" : "%.3f";
+  std::string formatted =
+      StringPrintf(format, static_cast<double>(nanos) / kNanosPerSecond);
+  // remove the leading 0 before decimal.
+  return formatted.substr(1);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a83031d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTOSTREAM_OBJECTSOURCE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTOSTREAM_OBJECTSOURCE_H__
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_source.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class TypeInfo;
+
+// An ObjectSource that can parse a stream of bytes as a protocol buffer.
+// Its WriteTo() method can be given an ObjectWriter.
+// This implementation uses a google.protobuf.Type for tag and name lookup.
+// The field names are converted into lower camel-case when writing to the
+// ObjectWriter.
+//
+// Sample usage: (suppose input is: string proto)
+//   ArrayInputStream arr_stream(proto.data(), proto.size());
+//   CodedInputStream in_stream(&arr_stream);
+//   ProtoStreamObjectSource os(&in_stream, /*ServiceTypeInfo*/ typeinfo,
+//                              <your message google::protobuf::Type>);
+//
+//   Status status = os.WriteTo(<some ObjectWriter>);
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoStreamObjectSource : public ObjectSource {
+ public:
+  ProtoStreamObjectSource(io::CodedInputStream* stream,
+                          TypeResolver* type_resolver,
+                          const google::protobuf::Type& type);
+
+  ~ProtoStreamObjectSource() override;
+
+  util::Status NamedWriteTo(StringPiece name,
+                              ObjectWriter* ow) const override;
+
+  // Sets whether or not to use lowerCamelCase casing for enum values. If set to
+  // false, enum values are output without any case conversions.
+  //
+  // For example, if we have an enum:
+  // enum Type {
+  //   ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE = 1;
+  // }
+  // Type type = 20;
+  //
+  // And this option is set to true. Then the rendered "type" field will have
+  // the string "actionAndAdventure".
+  // {
+  //   ...
+  //   "type": "actionAndAdventure",
+  //   ...
+  // }
+  //
+  // If set to false, the rendered "type" field will have the string
+  // "ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE".
+  // {
+  //   ...
+  //   "type": "ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE",
+  //   ...
+  // }
+  void set_use_lower_camel_for_enums(bool value) {
+    use_lower_camel_for_enums_ = value;
+  }
+
+  // Sets whether to always output enums as ints, by default this is off, and
+  // enums are rendered as strings.
+  void set_use_ints_for_enums(bool value) { use_ints_for_enums_ = value; }
+
+  // Sets whether to use original proto field names
+  void set_preserve_proto_field_names(bool value) {
+    preserve_proto_field_names_ = value;
+  }
+
+  // Sets the max recursion depth of proto message to be deserialized. Proto
+  // messages over this depth will fail to be deserialized.
+  // Default value is 64.
+  void set_max_recursion_depth(int max_depth) {
+    max_recursion_depth_ = max_depth;
+  }
+
+
+ protected:
+  // Writes a proto2 Message to the ObjectWriter. When the given end_tag is
+  // found this method will complete, allowing it to be used for parsing both
+  // nested messages (end with 0) and nested groups (end with group end tag).
+  // The include_start_and_end parameter allows this method to be called when
+  // already inside of an object, and skip calling StartObject and EndObject.
+  virtual util::Status WriteMessage(const google::protobuf::Type& descriptor,
+                                      StringPiece name,
+                                      const uint32 end_tag,
+                                      bool include_start_and_end,
+                                      ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+  // Renders a repeating field (packed or unpacked).  Returns the next tag after
+  // reading all sequential repeating elements. The caller should use this tag
+  // before reading more tags from the stream.
+  virtual util::StatusOr<uint32> RenderList(
+      const google::protobuf::Field* field, StringPiece name,
+      uint32 list_tag, ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+  // Looks up a field and verify its consistency with wire type in tag.
+  const google::protobuf::Field* FindAndVerifyField(
+      const google::protobuf::Type& type, uint32 tag) const;
+
+  // Renders a field value to the ObjectWriter.
+  virtual util::Status RenderField(const google::protobuf::Field* field,
+                                     StringPiece field_name,
+                                     ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+  // Reads field value according to Field spec in 'field' and returns the read
+  // value as string. This only works for primitive datatypes (no message
+  // types).
+  const std::string ReadFieldValueAsString(
+      const google::protobuf::Field& field) const;
+
+
+ private:
+  ProtoStreamObjectSource(io::CodedInputStream* stream,
+                          const TypeInfo* typeinfo,
+                          const google::protobuf::Type& type);
+  // Function that renders a well known type with a modified behavior.
+  typedef util::Status (*TypeRenderer)(const ProtoStreamObjectSource*,
+                                         const google::protobuf::Type&,
+                                         StringPiece, ObjectWriter*);
+
+  // TODO(skarvaje): Mark these methods as non-const as they modify internal
+  // state (stream_).
+  //
+  // Renders a NWP map.
+  // Returns the next tag after reading all map entries. The caller should use
+  // this tag before reading more tags from the stream.
+  util::StatusOr<uint32> RenderMap(const google::protobuf::Field* field,
+                                     StringPiece name, uint32 list_tag,
+                                     ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+  // Renders a packed repeating field. A packed field is stored as:
+  // {tag length item1 item2 item3} instead of the less efficient
+  // {tag item1 tag item2 tag item3}.
+  util::Status RenderPacked(const google::protobuf::Field* field,
+                              ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+  // Renders a google.protobuf.Timestamp value to ObjectWriter
+  static util::Status RenderTimestamp(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                        const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                        StringPiece name,
+                                        ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Renders a google.protobuf.Duration value to ObjectWriter
+  static util::Status RenderDuration(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                       const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                       StringPiece name,
+                                       ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Following RenderTYPE functions render well known types in
+  // google/protobuf/wrappers.proto corresponding to TYPE.
+  static util::Status RenderDouble(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                     const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                     StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderFloat(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                    const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                    StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderInt64(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                    const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                    StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderUInt64(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                     const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                     StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderInt32(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                    const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                    StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderUInt32(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                     const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                     StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderBool(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                   const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                   StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderString(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                     const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                     StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderBytes(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                    const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                    StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Renders a google.protobuf.Struct to ObjectWriter.
+  static util::Status RenderStruct(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                     const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                     StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Helper to render google.protobuf.Struct's Value fields to ObjectWriter.
+  static util::Status RenderStructValue(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                          const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                          StringPiece name,
+                                          ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Helper to render google.protobuf.Struct's ListValue fields to ObjectWriter.
+  static util::Status RenderStructListValue(
+      const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+      StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Render the "Any" type.
+  static util::Status RenderAny(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                  const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                  StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Render the "FieldMask" type.
+  static util::Status RenderFieldMask(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                        const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                        StringPiece name,
+                                        ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  static std::unordered_map<std::string, TypeRenderer>* renderers_;
+  static void InitRendererMap();
+  static void DeleteRendererMap();
+  static TypeRenderer* FindTypeRenderer(const std::string& type_url);
+
+  // Same as above but renders all non-message field types. Callers don't call
+  // this function directly. They just use RenderField.
+  util::Status RenderNonMessageField(const google::protobuf::Field* field,
+                                       StringPiece field_name,
+                                       ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+
+  // Utility function to detect proto maps. The 'field' MUST be repeated.
+  bool IsMap(const google::protobuf::Field& field) const;
+
+  // Utility to read int64 and int32 values from a message type in stream_.
+  // Used for reading google.protobuf.Timestamp and Duration messages.
+  std::pair<int64, int32> ReadSecondsAndNanos(
+      const google::protobuf::Type& type) const;
+
+  // Helper function to check recursion depth and increment it. It will return
+  // Status::OK if the current depth is allowed. Otherwise an error is returned.
+  // type_name and field_name are used for error reporting.
+  util::Status IncrementRecursionDepth(StringPiece type_name,
+                                         StringPiece field_name) const;
+
+  // Input stream to read from. Ownership rests with the caller.
+  io::CodedInputStream* stream_;
+
+  // Type information for all the types used in the descriptor. Used to find
+  // google::protobuf::Type of nested messages/enums.
+  const TypeInfo* typeinfo_;
+
+  // Whether this class owns the typeinfo_ object. If true the typeinfo_ object
+  // should be deleted in the destructor.
+  bool own_typeinfo_;
+
+  // google::protobuf::Type of the message source.
+  const google::protobuf::Type& type_;
+
+
+  // Whether to render enums using lowerCamelCase. Defaults to false.
+  bool use_lower_camel_for_enums_;
+
+  // Whether to render enums as ints always. Defaults to false.
+  bool use_ints_for_enums_;
+
+  // Whether to preserve proto field names
+  bool preserve_proto_field_names_;
+
+  // Tracks current recursion depth.
+  mutable int recursion_depth_;
+
+  // Maximum allowed recursion depth.
+  int max_recursion_depth_;
+
+  // Whether to render unknown fields.
+  bool render_unknown_fields_;
+
+  // Whether to render unknown enum values.
+  bool render_unknown_enum_values_;
+
+  // Whether to add trailing zeros for timestamp and duration.
+  bool add_trailing_zeros_for_timestamp_and_duration_;
+
+  // Whether output the empty object or not. If false, output JSON string like:
+  // "'objectName' : {}". If true, then no outputs. This only happens when all
+  // the fields of the message are filtered out by field mask.
+  bool suppress_empty_object_;
+
+  bool use_legacy_json_map_format_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(ProtoStreamObjectSource);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTOSTREAM_OBJECTSOURCE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22fc3f62d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1164 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/any.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+using ::google::protobuf::Any;
+using io::ArrayInputStream;
+using io::CodedInputStream;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::AnyM;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::AnyOut;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::Author;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::BadAuthor;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::BadNestedBook;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::Book;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::Book_Label;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::Cyclic;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::FieldMaskTest;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::MapOut;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::MapOutWireFormat;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::NestedBook;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::NestedFieldMask;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::PackedPrimitive;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::Primitive;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::Proto3Message;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::StructType;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::TimestampDuration;
+using ::testing::_;
+using util::Status;
+
+
+namespace {
+std::string GetTypeUrl(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return std::string(kTypeServiceBaseUrl) + "/" + descriptor->full_name();
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+class ProtostreamObjectSourceTest
+    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<testing::TypeInfoSource> {
+ protected:
+  ProtostreamObjectSourceTest()
+      : helper_(GetParam()),
+        mock_(),
+        ow_(&mock_),
+        use_lower_camel_for_enums_(false),
+        use_ints_for_enums_(false),
+        use_preserve_proto_field_names_(false),
+        add_trailing_zeros_(false),
+        render_unknown_enum_values_(true) {
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(Book::descriptor(), Proto3Message::descriptor());
+  }
+
+  virtual ~ProtostreamObjectSourceTest() {}
+
+  void DoTest(const Message& msg, const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    Status status = ExecuteTest(msg, descriptor);
+    EXPECT_EQ(util::Status(), status);
+  }
+
+  Status ExecuteTest(const Message& msg, const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    std::ostringstream oss;
+    msg.SerializePartialToOstream(&oss);
+    std::string proto = oss.str();
+    ArrayInputStream arr_stream(proto.data(), proto.size());
+    CodedInputStream in_stream(&arr_stream);
+
+    std::unique_ptr<ProtoStreamObjectSource> os(
+        helper_.NewProtoSource(&in_stream, GetTypeUrl(descriptor)));
+    if (use_lower_camel_for_enums_) os->set_use_lower_camel_for_enums(true);
+    if (use_ints_for_enums_) os->set_use_ints_for_enums(true);
+    if (use_preserve_proto_field_names_)
+      os->set_preserve_proto_field_names(true);
+    os->set_max_recursion_depth(64);
+    return os->WriteTo(&mock_);
+  }
+
+  void PrepareExpectingObjectWriterForRepeatedPrimitive() {
+    ow_.StartObject("")
+        ->StartList("repFix32")
+        ->RenderUint32("", bit_cast<uint32>(3201))
+        ->RenderUint32("", bit_cast<uint32>(0))
+        ->RenderUint32("", bit_cast<uint32>(3202))
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("repU32")
+        ->RenderUint32("", bit_cast<uint32>(3203))
+        ->RenderUint32("", bit_cast<uint32>(0))
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("repI32")
+        ->RenderInt32("", 0)
+        ->RenderInt32("", 3204)
+        ->RenderInt32("", 3205)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("repSf32")
+        ->RenderInt32("", 3206)
+        ->RenderInt32("", 0)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("repS32")
+        ->RenderInt32("", 0)
+        ->RenderInt32("", 3207)
+        ->RenderInt32("", 3208)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("repFix64")
+        ->RenderUint64("", bit_cast<uint64>(6401LL))
+        ->RenderUint64("", bit_cast<uint64>(0LL))
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("repU64")
+        ->RenderUint64("", bit_cast<uint64>(0LL))
+        ->RenderUint64("", bit_cast<uint64>(6402LL))
+        ->RenderUint64("", bit_cast<uint64>(6403LL))
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("repI64")
+        ->RenderInt64("", 6404L)
+        ->RenderInt64("", 0L)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("repSf64")
+        ->RenderInt64("", 0L)
+        ->RenderInt64("", 6405L)
+        ->RenderInt64("", 6406L)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("repS64")
+        ->RenderInt64("", 6407L)
+        ->RenderInt64("", 0L)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("repFloat")
+        ->RenderFloat("", 0.0f)
+        ->RenderFloat("", 32.1f)
+        ->RenderFloat("", 32.2f)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("repDouble")
+        ->RenderDouble("", 64.1L)
+        ->RenderDouble("", 0.0L)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("repBool")
+        ->RenderBool("", true)
+        ->RenderBool("", false)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->EndObject();
+  }
+
+  Primitive PrepareRepeatedPrimitive() {
+    Primitive primitive;
+    primitive.add_rep_fix32(3201);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix32(3202);
+    primitive.add_rep_u32(3203);
+    primitive.add_rep_u32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_i32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_i32(3204);
+    primitive.add_rep_i32(3205);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf32(3206);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_s32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_s32(3207);
+    primitive.add_rep_s32(3208);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix64(6401L);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_u64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_u64(6402L);
+    primitive.add_rep_u64(6403L);
+    primitive.add_rep_i64(6404L);
+    primitive.add_rep_i64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf64(6405L);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf64(6406L);
+    primitive.add_rep_s64(6407L);
+    primitive.add_rep_s64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_float(0.0f);
+    primitive.add_rep_float(32.1f);
+    primitive.add_rep_float(32.2f);
+    primitive.add_rep_double(64.1L);
+    primitive.add_rep_double(0.0);
+    primitive.add_rep_bool(true);
+    primitive.add_rep_bool(false);
+
+    PrepareExpectingObjectWriterForRepeatedPrimitive();
+    return primitive;
+  }
+
+  PackedPrimitive PreparePackedPrimitive() {
+    PackedPrimitive primitive;
+    primitive.add_rep_fix32(3201);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix32(3202);
+    primitive.add_rep_u32(3203);
+    primitive.add_rep_u32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_i32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_i32(3204);
+    primitive.add_rep_i32(3205);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf32(3206);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_s32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_s32(3207);
+    primitive.add_rep_s32(3208);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix64(6401L);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_u64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_u64(6402L);
+    primitive.add_rep_u64(6403L);
+    primitive.add_rep_i64(6404L);
+    primitive.add_rep_i64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf64(6405L);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf64(6406L);
+    primitive.add_rep_s64(6407L);
+    primitive.add_rep_s64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_float(0.0f);
+    primitive.add_rep_float(32.1f);
+    primitive.add_rep_float(32.2f);
+    primitive.add_rep_double(64.1L);
+    primitive.add_rep_double(0.0);
+    primitive.add_rep_bool(true);
+    primitive.add_rep_bool(false);
+
+    PrepareExpectingObjectWriterForRepeatedPrimitive();
+    return primitive;
+  }
+
+  void UseLowerCamelForEnums() { use_lower_camel_for_enums_ = true; }
+
+  void UseIntsForEnums() { use_ints_for_enums_ = true; }
+
+  void UsePreserveProtoFieldNames() { use_preserve_proto_field_names_ = true; }
+
+  void AddTrailingZeros() { add_trailing_zeros_ = true; }
+
+  void SetRenderUnknownEnumValues(bool value) {
+    render_unknown_enum_values_ = value;
+  }
+
+  testing::TypeInfoTestHelper helper_;
+
+  ::testing::NiceMock<MockObjectWriter> mock_;
+  ExpectingObjectWriter ow_;
+  bool use_lower_camel_for_enums_;
+  bool use_ints_for_enums_;
+  bool use_preserve_proto_field_names_;
+  bool add_trailing_zeros_;
+  bool render_unknown_enum_values_;
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         ProtostreamObjectSourceTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, EmptyMessage) {
+  Book empty;
+  ow_.StartObject("")->EndObject();
+  DoTest(empty, Book::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, Primitives) {
+  Primitive primitive;
+  primitive.set_fix32(3201);
+  primitive.set_u32(3202);
+  primitive.set_i32(3203);
+  primitive.set_sf32(3204);
+  primitive.set_s32(3205);
+  primitive.set_fix64(6401L);
+  primitive.set_u64(6402L);
+  primitive.set_i64(6403L);
+  primitive.set_sf64(6404L);
+  primitive.set_s64(6405L);
+  primitive.set_str("String Value");
+  primitive.set_bytes("Some Bytes");
+  primitive.set_float_(32.1f);
+  primitive.set_double_(64.1L);
+  primitive.set_bool_(true);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderUint32("fix32", bit_cast<uint32>(3201))
+      ->RenderUint32("u32", bit_cast<uint32>(3202))
+      ->RenderInt32("i32", 3203)
+      ->RenderInt32("sf32", 3204)
+      ->RenderInt32("s32", 3205)
+      ->RenderUint64("fix64", bit_cast<uint64>(6401LL))
+      ->RenderUint64("u64", bit_cast<uint64>(6402LL))
+      ->RenderInt64("i64", 6403L)
+      ->RenderInt64("sf64", 6404L)
+      ->RenderInt64("s64", 6405L)
+      ->RenderString("str", "String Value")
+      ->RenderBytes("bytes", "Some Bytes")
+      ->RenderFloat("float", 32.1f)
+      ->RenderDouble("double", 64.1L)
+      ->RenderBool("bool", true)
+      ->EndObject();
+  DoTest(primitive, Primitive::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, RepeatingPrimitives) {
+  Primitive primitive = PrepareRepeatedPrimitive();
+  primitive.add_rep_str("String One");
+  primitive.add_rep_str("String Two");
+  primitive.add_rep_bytes("Some Bytes");
+
+  ow_.StartList("repStr")
+      ->RenderString("", "String One")
+      ->RenderString("", "String Two")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("repBytes")
+      ->RenderBytes("", "Some Bytes")
+      ->EndList();
+  DoTest(primitive, Primitive::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, CustomJsonName) {
+  Author author;
+  author.set_id(12345);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")->RenderUint64("@id", 12345)->EndObject();
+  DoTest(author, Author::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, NestedMessage) {
+  Author* author = new Author();
+  author->set_name("Tolstoy");
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("My Book");
+  book.set_allocated_author(author);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "My Book")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "Tolstoy")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  DoTest(book, Book::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, RepeatingField) {
+  Author author;
+  author.set_alive(false);
+  author.set_name("john");
+  author.add_pseudonym("phil");
+  author.add_pseudonym("bob");
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderBool("alive", false)
+      ->RenderString("name", "john")
+      ->StartList("pseudonym")
+      ->RenderString("", "phil")
+      ->RenderString("", "bob")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  DoTest(author, Author::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, PackedRepeatingFields) {
+  DoTest(PreparePackedPrimitive(), PackedPrimitive::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, NonPackedPackableFieldsActuallyPacked) {
+  // Protostream is packed, but parse with non-packed Primitive.
+  DoTest(PreparePackedPrimitive(), Primitive::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, PackedPackableFieldNotActuallyPacked) {
+  // Protostream is not packed, but parse with PackedPrimitive.
+  DoTest(PrepareRepeatedPrimitive(), PackedPrimitive::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, BadAuthor) {
+  Author author;
+  author.set_alive(false);
+  author.set_name("john");
+  author.set_id(1234L);
+  author.add_pseudonym("phil");
+  author.add_pseudonym("bob");
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartList("alive")
+      ->RenderBool("", false)
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("name")
+      ->RenderUint64("", static_cast<uint64>('j'))
+      ->RenderUint64("", static_cast<uint64>('o'))
+      ->RenderUint64("", static_cast<uint64>('h'))
+      ->RenderUint64("", static_cast<uint64>('n'))
+      ->EndList()
+      ->RenderString("pseudonym", "phil")
+      ->RenderString("pseudonym", "bob")
+      ->EndObject();
+  // Protostream created with Author, but parsed with BadAuthor.
+  DoTest(author, BadAuthor::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, NestedBookToBadNestedBook) {
+  Book* book = new Book();
+  book->set_length(250);
+  book->set_published(2014L);
+  NestedBook nested;
+  nested.set_allocated_book(book);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartList("book")
+      ->RenderUint32("", 24)  // tag for field length (3 << 3)
+      ->RenderUint32("", 250)
+      ->RenderUint32("", 32)  // tag for field published (4 << 3)
+      ->RenderUint32("", 2014)
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  // Protostream created with NestedBook, but parsed with BadNestedBook.
+  DoTest(nested, BadNestedBook::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, BadNestedBookToNestedBook) {
+  BadNestedBook nested;
+  nested.add_book(1);
+  nested.add_book(2);
+  nested.add_book(3);
+  nested.add_book(4);
+  nested.add_book(5);
+  nested.add_book(6);
+  nested.add_book(7);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")->StartObject("book")->EndObject()->EndObject();
+  // Protostream created with BadNestedBook, but parsed with NestedBook.
+  DoTest(nested, NestedBook::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest,
+       LongRepeatedListDoesNotBreakIntoMultipleJsonLists) {
+  Book book;
+
+  int repeat = 10000;
+  for (int i = 0; i < repeat; ++i) {
+    Book_Label* label = book.add_labels();
+    label->set_key(StrCat("i", i));
+    label->set_value(StrCat("v", i));
+  }
+
+  // Make sure StartList and EndList are called exactly once (see b/18227499 for
+  // problems when this doesn't happen)
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock_, StartList(_)).Times(1);
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock_, EndList()).Times(1);
+
+  DoTest(book, Book::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, LowerCamelEnumOutputMacroCase) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_type(Book::ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE);
+
+  UseLowerCamelForEnums();
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")->RenderString("type", "actionAndAdventure")->EndObject();
+  DoTest(book, Book::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, LowerCamelEnumOutputSnakeCase) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_type(Book::arts_and_photography);
+
+  UseLowerCamelForEnums();
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")->RenderString("type", "artsAndPhotography")->EndObject();
+  DoTest(book, Book::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, LowerCamelEnumOutputWithNumber) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_type(Book::I18N_Tech);
+
+  UseLowerCamelForEnums();
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")->RenderString("type", "i18nTech")->EndObject();
+  DoTest(book, Book::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, EnumCaseIsUnchangedByDefault) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_type(Book::ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE);
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("type", "ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE")
+      ->EndObject();
+  DoTest(book, Book::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, UseIntsForEnumsTest) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_type(Book::ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE);
+
+  UseIntsForEnums();
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")->RenderInt32("type", 3)->EndObject();
+  DoTest(book, Book::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, UsePreserveProtoFieldNames) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_snake_field("foo");
+
+  UsePreserveProtoFieldNames();
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")->RenderString("snake_field", "foo")->EndObject();
+  DoTest(book, Book::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest,
+       UnknownEnumAreDroppedWhenRenderUnknownEnumValuesIsUnset) {
+  Proto3Message message;
+  message.set_enum_value(static_cast<Proto3Message::NestedEnum>(1234));
+
+  SetRenderUnknownEnumValues(false);
+
+  // Unknown enum values are not output.
+  ow_.StartObject("")->EndObject();
+  DoTest(message, Proto3Message::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest,
+       UnknownEnumAreOutputWhenRenderUnknownEnumValuesIsSet) {
+  Proto3Message message;
+  message.set_enum_value(static_cast<Proto3Message::NestedEnum>(1234));
+
+  SetRenderUnknownEnumValues(true);
+
+  // Unknown enum values are output.
+  ow_.StartObject("")->RenderInt32("enumValue", 1234)->EndObject();
+  DoTest(message, Proto3Message::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, CyclicMessageDepthTest) {
+  Cyclic cyclic;
+  cyclic.set_m_int(123);
+
+  Book* book = cyclic.mutable_m_book();
+  book->set_title("book title");
+  Cyclic* current = cyclic.mutable_m_cyclic();
+  Author* current_author = cyclic.add_m_author();
+  for (int i = 0; i < 63; ++i) {
+    Author* next = current_author->add_friend_();
+    next->set_id(i);
+    next->set_name(StrCat("author_name_", i));
+    next->set_alive(true);
+    current_author = next;
+  }
+
+  // Recursive message with depth (65) > max (max is 64).
+  for (int i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
+    Cyclic* next = current->mutable_m_cyclic();
+    next->set_m_str(StrCat("count_", i));
+    current = next;
+  }
+
+  Status status = ExecuteTest(cyclic, Cyclic::descriptor());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT, status.code());
+}
+
+class ProtostreamObjectSourceMapsTest : public ProtostreamObjectSourceTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtostreamObjectSourceMapsTest() {
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(MapOut::descriptor());
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         ProtostreamObjectSourceMapsTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+// Tests JSON map.
+//
+// This is the example expected output.
+// {
+//   "map1": {
+//     "key1": {
+//       "foo": "foovalue"
+//     },
+//     "key2": {
+//       "foo": "barvalue"
+//     }
+//   },
+//   "map2": {
+//     "nestedself": {
+//       "map1": {
+//         "nested_key1": {
+//           "foo": "nested_foo"
+//         }
+//       },
+//       "bar": "nested_bar_string"
+//     }
+//   },
+//   "map3": {
+//     "111": "one one one"
+//   },
+//   "bar": "top bar"
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceMapsTest, MapsTest) {
+  MapOut out;
+  (*out.mutable_map1())["key1"].set_foo("foovalue");
+  (*out.mutable_map1())["key2"].set_foo("barvalue");
+
+  MapOut* nested_value = &(*out.mutable_map2())["nestedself"];
+  (*nested_value->mutable_map1())["nested_key1"].set_foo("nested_foo");
+  nested_value->set_bar("nested_bar_string");
+
+  (*out.mutable_map3())[111] = "one one one";
+
+  out.set_bar("top bar");
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("map1")
+      ->StartObject("key1")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("key2")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "barvalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("map2")
+      ->StartObject("nestedself")
+      ->StartObject("map1")
+      ->StartObject("nested_key1")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "nested_foo")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("bar", "nested_bar_string")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("map3")
+      ->RenderString("111", "one one one")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("bar", "top bar")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, MapOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceMapsTest, MissingKeysTest) {
+  // MapOutWireFormat has the same wire representation with MapOut but uses
+  // repeated message fields to represent map fields so we can intentionally
+  // leave out the key field or the value field of a map entry.
+  MapOutWireFormat out;
+  // Create some map entries without keys. They will be rendered with the
+  // default values ("" for strings, "0" for integers, etc.).
+  // {
+  //   "map1": {
+  //     "": {
+  //       "foo": "foovalue"
+  //     }
+  //   },
+  //   "map2": {
+  //     "": {
+  //       "map1": {
+  //         "nested_key1": {
+  //           "foo": "nested_foo"
+  //         }
+  //       }
+  //     }
+  //   },
+  //   "map3": {
+  //     "0": "one one one"
+  //   },
+  //   "map4": {
+  //     "false": "bool"
+  //   }
+  // }
+  out.add_map1()->mutable_value()->set_foo("foovalue");
+  MapOut* nested = out.add_map2()->mutable_value();
+  (*nested->mutable_map1())["nested_key1"].set_foo("nested_foo");
+  out.add_map3()->set_value("one one one");
+  out.add_map4()->set_value("bool");
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("map1")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("map2")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("map1")
+      ->StartObject("nested_key1")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "nested_foo")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("map3")
+      ->RenderString("0", "one one one")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("map4")
+      ->RenderString("false", "bool")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, MapOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+class ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest : public ProtostreamObjectSourceTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest() {
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo({AnyOut::descriptor(), Book::descriptor(),
+                           google::protobuf::Any::descriptor()});
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+// Tests JSON any support.
+//
+// This is the example expected output.
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.AnyM"
+//     "foo": "foovalue"
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, BasicAny) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  any->PackFrom(m);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.AnyM")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, LowerCamelEnumOutputSnakeCase) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+
+  Book book;
+  book.set_type(Book::arts_and_photography);
+  any->PackFrom(book);
+
+  UseLowerCamelForEnums();
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.Book")
+      ->RenderString("type", "artsAndPhotography")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, UseIntsForEnumsTest) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+
+  Book book;
+  book.set_type(Book::ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE);
+  any->PackFrom(book);
+
+  UseIntsForEnums();
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.Book")
+      ->RenderInt32("type", 3)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, UsePreserveProtoFieldNames) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+
+  Book book;
+  book.set_snake_field("foo");
+  any->PackFrom(book);
+
+  UsePreserveProtoFieldNames();
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.Book")
+      ->RenderString("snake_field", "foo")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, RecursiveAny) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+  any->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any nested_any;
+  nested_any.set_type_url(
+      "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.AnyM");
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  nested_any.set_value(m.SerializeAsString());
+
+  any->set_value(nested_any.SerializeAsString());
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.AnyM")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, DoubleRecursiveAny) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+  any->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any nested_any;
+  nested_any.set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any second_nested_any;
+  second_nested_any.set_type_url(
+      "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.AnyM");
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  second_nested_any.set_value(m.SerializeAsString());
+  nested_any.set_value(second_nested_any.SerializeAsString());
+  any->set_value(nested_any.SerializeAsString());
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.AnyM")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, EmptyAnyOutputsEmptyObject) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  out.mutable_any();
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")->StartObject("any")->EndObject()->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, EmptyWithTypeAndNoValueOutputsType) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  out.mutable_any()->set_type_url("foo.googleapis.com/my.Type");
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "foo.googleapis.com/my.Type")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, MissingTypeUrlError) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  any->set_value(m.SerializeAsString());
+
+  // We start the "AnyOut" part and then fail when we hit the Any object.
+  ow_.StartObject("");
+
+  Status status = ExecuteTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INTERNAL, status.code());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, UnknownTypeServiceError) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+  any->set_type_url("foo.googleapis.com/my.own.Type");
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  any->set_value(m.SerializeAsString());
+
+  // We start the "AnyOut" part and then fail when we hit the Any object.
+  ow_.StartObject("");
+
+  Status status = ExecuteTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INTERNAL, status.code());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, UnknownTypeError) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+  any->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/unknown.Type");
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  any->set_value(m.SerializeAsString());
+
+  // We start the "AnyOut" part and then fail when we hit the Any object.
+  ow_.StartObject("");
+
+  Status status = ExecuteTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INTERNAL, status.code());
+}
+
+class ProtostreamObjectSourceStructTest : public ProtostreamObjectSourceTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtostreamObjectSourceStructTest() {
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(StructType::descriptor(),
+                          google::protobuf::Struct::descriptor());
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         ProtostreamObjectSourceStructTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+// Tests struct
+//
+//  "object": {
+//    "k1": 123,
+//    "k2": true
+//  }
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceStructTest, StructRenderSuccess) {
+  StructType out;
+  google::protobuf::Struct* s = out.mutable_object();
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k1").set_number_value(123);
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k2").set_bool_value(true);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("object")
+      ->RenderDouble("k1", 123)
+      ->RenderBool("k2", true)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, StructType::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceStructTest, MissingValueSkipsField) {
+  StructType out;
+  google::protobuf::Struct* s = out.mutable_object();
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k1");
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")->StartObject("object")->EndObject()->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, StructType::descriptor());
+}
+
+class ProtostreamObjectSourceFieldMaskTest
+    : public ProtostreamObjectSourceTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtostreamObjectSourceFieldMaskTest() {
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(FieldMaskTest::descriptor(),
+                          google::protobuf::FieldMask::descriptor());
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         ProtostreamObjectSourceFieldMaskTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceFieldMaskTest, FieldMaskRenderSuccess) {
+  FieldMaskTest out;
+  out.set_id("1");
+  out.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("path1");
+  out.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("snake_case_path2");
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldMask* mask = out.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("path3");
+  mask = out.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("snake_case_path4");
+  mask->add_paths("path5");
+  NestedFieldMask* nested = out.add_nested_mask();
+  nested->set_data("data");
+  nested->mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("nested.path1");
+  nested->mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("nested_field.snake_case_path2");
+  mask = nested->add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("nested_field.path3");
+  mask->add_paths("nested.snake_case_path4");
+  mask = nested->add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("nested.path5");
+  mask = nested->add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths(
+      "snake_case.map_field[\"map_key_should_be_ignored\"].nested_snake_case."
+      "map_field[\"map_key_sho\\\"uld_be_ignored\"]");
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("id", "1")
+      ->RenderString("singleMask", "path1,snakeCasePath2")
+      ->StartList("repeatedMask")
+      ->RenderString("", "path3")
+      ->RenderString("", "snakeCasePath4,path5")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("nestedMask")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("data", "data")
+      ->RenderString("singleMask", "nested.path1,nestedField.snakeCasePath2")
+      ->StartList("repeatedMask")
+      ->RenderString("", "nestedField.path3,nested.snakeCasePath4")
+      ->RenderString("", "nested.path5")
+      ->RenderString("",
+                     "snakeCase.mapField[\"map_key_should_be_ignored\"]."
+                     "nestedSnakeCase.mapField[\"map_key_sho\\\"uld_be_"
+                     "ignored\"]")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, FieldMaskTest::descriptor());
+}
+
+class ProtostreamObjectSourceTimestampTest
+    : public ProtostreamObjectSourceTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtostreamObjectSourceTimestampTest() {
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(TimestampDuration::descriptor());
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         ProtostreamObjectSourceTimestampTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTimestampTest, InvalidTimestampBelowMinTest) {
+  TimestampDuration out;
+  google::protobuf::Timestamp* ts = out.mutable_ts();
+  // Min allowed seconds - 1
+  ts->set_seconds(kTimestampMinSeconds - 1);
+  ow_.StartObject("");
+
+  Status status = ExecuteTest(out, TimestampDuration::descriptor());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INTERNAL, status.code());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTimestampTest, InvalidTimestampAboveMaxTest) {
+  TimestampDuration out;
+  google::protobuf::Timestamp* ts = out.mutable_ts();
+  // Max allowed seconds + 1
+  ts->set_seconds(kTimestampMaxSeconds + 1);
+  ow_.StartObject("");
+
+  Status status = ExecuteTest(out, TimestampDuration::descriptor());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INTERNAL, status.code());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTimestampTest, InvalidDurationBelowMinTest) {
+  TimestampDuration out;
+  google::protobuf::Duration* dur = out.mutable_dur();
+  // Min allowed seconds - 1
+  dur->set_seconds(kDurationMinSeconds - 1);
+  ow_.StartObject("");
+
+  Status status = ExecuteTest(out, TimestampDuration::descriptor());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INTERNAL, status.code());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTimestampTest, InvalidDurationAboveMaxTest) {
+  TimestampDuration out;
+  google::protobuf::Duration* dur = out.mutable_dur();
+  // Min allowed seconds + 1
+  dur->set_seconds(kDurationMaxSeconds + 1);
+  ow_.StartObject("");
+
+  Status status = ExecuteTest(out, TimestampDuration::descriptor());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INTERNAL, status.code());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTimestampTest, TimestampDurationDefaultValue) {
+  TimestampDuration out;
+  out.mutable_ts()->set_seconds(0);
+  out.mutable_dur()->set_seconds(0);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z")
+      ->RenderString("dur", "0s")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, TimestampDuration::descriptor());
+}
+
+
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b89ae297
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1359 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <stack>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/time.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_location_tracker.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+using ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite;
+using std::placeholders::_1;
+using util::Status;
+using util::StatusOr;
+using util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoStreamObjectWriter(
+    TypeResolver* type_resolver, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    strings::ByteSink* output, ErrorListener* listener,
+    const ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Options& options)
+    : ProtoWriter(type_resolver, type, output, listener),
+      master_type_(type),
+      current_(nullptr),
+      options_(options) {
+  set_ignore_unknown_fields(options_.ignore_unknown_fields);
+  set_ignore_unknown_enum_values(options_.ignore_unknown_enum_values);
+  set_use_lower_camel_for_enums(options_.use_lower_camel_for_enums);
+  set_case_insensitive_enum_parsing(options_.case_insensitive_enum_parsing);
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoStreamObjectWriter(
+    const TypeInfo* typeinfo, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    strings::ByteSink* output, ErrorListener* listener,
+    const ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Options& options)
+    : ProtoWriter(typeinfo, type, output, listener),
+      master_type_(type),
+      current_(nullptr),
+      options_(options) {
+  set_ignore_unknown_fields(options_.ignore_unknown_fields);
+  set_use_lower_camel_for_enums(options.use_lower_camel_for_enums);
+  set_case_insensitive_enum_parsing(options_.case_insensitive_enum_parsing);
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoStreamObjectWriter(
+    const TypeInfo* typeinfo, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    strings::ByteSink* output, ErrorListener* listener)
+    : ProtoWriter(typeinfo, type, output, listener),
+      master_type_(type),
+      current_(nullptr),
+      options_(ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Options::Defaults()) {}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::~ProtoStreamObjectWriter() {
+  if (current_ == nullptr) return;
+  // Cleanup explicitly in order to avoid destructor stack overflow when input
+  // is deeply nested.
+  // Cast to BaseElement to avoid doing additional checks (like missing fields)
+  // during pop().
+  std::unique_ptr<BaseElement> element(
+      static_cast<BaseElement*>(current_.get())->pop<BaseElement>());
+  while (element != nullptr) {
+    element.reset(element->pop<BaseElement>());
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Utility method to split a string representation of Timestamp or Duration and
+// return the parts.
+void SplitSecondsAndNanos(StringPiece input, StringPiece* seconds,
+                          StringPiece* nanos) {
+  size_t idx = input.rfind('.');
+  if (idx != std::string::npos) {
+    *seconds = input.substr(0, idx);
+    *nanos = input.substr(idx + 1);
+  } else {
+    *seconds = input;
+    *nanos = StringPiece();
+  }
+}
+
+Status GetNanosFromStringPiece(StringPiece s_nanos,
+                               const char* parse_failure_message,
+                               const char* exceeded_limit_message,
+                               int32* nanos) {
+  *nanos = 0;
+
+  // Count the number of leading 0s and consume them.
+  int num_leading_zeros = 0;
+  while (s_nanos.Consume("0")) {
+    num_leading_zeros++;
+  }
+  int32 i_nanos = 0;
+  // 's_nanos' contains fractional seconds -- i.e. 'nanos' is equal to
+  // "0." + s_nanos.ToString() seconds. An int32 is used for the
+  // conversion to 'nanos', rather than a double, so that there is no
+  // loss of precision.
+  if (!s_nanos.empty() && !safe_strto32(s_nanos, &i_nanos)) {
+    return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT, parse_failure_message);
+  }
+  if (i_nanos > kNanosPerSecond || i_nanos < 0) {
+    return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT, exceeded_limit_message);
+  }
+  // s_nanos should only have digits. No whitespace.
+  if (s_nanos.find_first_not_of("0123456789") != StringPiece::npos) {
+    return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT, parse_failure_message);
+  }
+
+  if (i_nanos > 0) {
+    // 'scale' is the number of digits to the right of the decimal
+    // point in "0." + s_nanos.ToString()
+    int32 scale = num_leading_zeros + s_nanos.size();
+    // 'conversion' converts i_nanos into nanoseconds.
+    // conversion = kNanosPerSecond / static_cast<int32>(std::pow(10, scale))
+    // For efficiency, we precompute the conversion factor.
+    int32 conversion = 0;
+    switch (scale) {
+      case 1:
+        conversion = 100000000;
+        break;
+      case 2:
+        conversion = 10000000;
+        break;
+      case 3:
+        conversion = 1000000;
+        break;
+      case 4:
+        conversion = 100000;
+        break;
+      case 5:
+        conversion = 10000;
+        break;
+      case 6:
+        conversion = 1000;
+        break;
+      case 7:
+        conversion = 100;
+        break;
+      case 8:
+        conversion = 10;
+        break;
+      case 9:
+        conversion = 1;
+        break;
+      default:
+        return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                      exceeded_limit_message);
+    }
+    *nanos = i_nanos * conversion;
+  }
+
+  return Status();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::AnyWriter(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* parent)
+    : parent_(parent),
+      ow_(),
+      invalid_(false),
+      data_(),
+      output_(&data_),
+      depth_(0),
+      is_well_known_type_(false),
+      well_known_type_render_(nullptr) {}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::~AnyWriter() {}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::StartObject(StringPiece name) {
+  ++depth_;
+  // If an object writer is absent, that means we have not called StartAny()
+  // before reaching here, which happens when we have data before the "@type"
+  // field.
+  if (ow_ == nullptr) {
+    // Save data before the "@type" field for later replay.
+    uninterpreted_events_.push_back(Event(Event::START_OBJECT, name));
+  } else if (is_well_known_type_ && depth_ == 1) {
+    // For well-known types, the only other field besides "@type" should be a
+    // "value" field.
+    if (name != "value" && !invalid_) {
+      parent_->InvalidValue("Any",
+                            "Expect a \"value\" field for well-known types.");
+      invalid_ = true;
+    }
+    ow_->StartObject("");
+  } else {
+    // Forward the call to the child writer if:
+    //   1. the type is not a well-known type.
+    //   2. or, we are in a nested Any, Struct, or Value object.
+    ow_->StartObject(name);
+  }
+}
+
+bool ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::EndObject() {
+  --depth_;
+  if (ow_ == nullptr) {
+    if (depth_ >= 0) {
+      // Save data before the "@type" field for later replay.
+      uninterpreted_events_.push_back(Event(Event::END_OBJECT));
+    }
+  } else if (depth_ >= 0 || !is_well_known_type_) {
+    // As long as depth_ >= 0, we know we haven't reached the end of Any.
+    // Propagate these EndObject() calls to the contained ow_. For regular
+    // message types, we propagate the end of Any as well.
+    ow_->EndObject();
+  }
+  // A negative depth_ implies that we have reached the end of Any
+  // object. Now we write out its contents.
+  if (depth_ < 0) {
+    WriteAny();
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::StartList(StringPiece name) {
+  ++depth_;
+  if (ow_ == nullptr) {
+    // Save data before the "@type" field for later replay.
+    uninterpreted_events_.push_back(Event(Event::START_LIST, name));
+  } else if (is_well_known_type_ && depth_ == 1) {
+    if (name != "value" && !invalid_) {
+      parent_->InvalidValue("Any",
+                            "Expect a \"value\" field for well-known types.");
+      invalid_ = true;
+    }
+    ow_->StartList("");
+  } else {
+    ow_->StartList(name);
+  }
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::EndList() {
+  --depth_;
+  if (depth_ < 0) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Mismatched EndList found, should not be possible";
+    depth_ = 0;
+  }
+  if (ow_ == nullptr) {
+    // Save data before the "@type" field for later replay.
+    uninterpreted_events_.push_back(Event(Event::END_LIST));
+  } else {
+    ow_->EndList();
+  }
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::RenderDataPiece(
+    StringPiece name, const DataPiece& value) {
+  // Start an Any only at depth_ 0. Other RenderDataPiece calls with "@type"
+  // should go to the contained ow_ as they indicate nested Anys.
+  if (depth_ == 0 && ow_ == nullptr && name == "@type") {
+    StartAny(value);
+  } else if (ow_ == nullptr) {
+    // Save data before the "@type" field.
+    uninterpreted_events_.push_back(Event(name, value));
+  } else if (depth_ == 0 && is_well_known_type_) {
+    if (name != "value" && !invalid_) {
+      parent_->InvalidValue("Any",
+                            "Expect a \"value\" field for well-known types.");
+      invalid_ = true;
+    }
+    if (well_known_type_render_ == nullptr) {
+      // Only Any and Struct don't have a special type render but both of
+      // them expect a JSON object (i.e., a StartObject() call).
+      if (value.type() != DataPiece::TYPE_NULL && !invalid_) {
+        parent_->InvalidValue("Any", "Expect a JSON object.");
+        invalid_ = true;
+      }
+    } else {
+      ow_->ProtoWriter::StartObject("");
+      Status status = (*well_known_type_render_)(ow_.get(), value);
+      if (!status.ok()) ow_->InvalidValue("Any", status.message());
+      ow_->ProtoWriter::EndObject();
+    }
+  } else {
+    ow_->RenderDataPiece(name, value);
+  }
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::StartAny(const DataPiece& value) {
+  // Figure out the type url. This is a copy-paste from WriteString but we also
+  // need the value, so we can't just call through to that.
+  if (value.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_STRING) {
+    type_url_ = std::string(value.str());
+  } else {
+    StatusOr<std::string> s = value.ToString();
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      parent_->InvalidValue("String", s.status().message());
+      invalid_ = true;
+      return;
+    }
+    type_url_ = s.ValueOrDie();
+  }
+  // Resolve the type url, and report an error if we failed to resolve it.
+  StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> resolved_type =
+      parent_->typeinfo()->ResolveTypeUrl(type_url_);
+  if (!resolved_type.ok()) {
+    parent_->InvalidValue("Any", resolved_type.status().message());
+    invalid_ = true;
+    return;
+  }
+  // At this point, type is never null.
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = resolved_type.ValueOrDie();
+
+  well_known_type_render_ = FindTypeRenderer(type_url_);
+  if (well_known_type_render_ != nullptr ||
+      // Explicitly list Any and Struct here because they don't have a
+      // custom renderer.
+      type->name() == kAnyType || type->name() == kStructType) {
+    is_well_known_type_ = true;
+  }
+
+  // Create our object writer and initialize it with the first StartObject
+  // call.
+  ow_.reset(new ProtoStreamObjectWriter(parent_->typeinfo(), *type, &output_,
+                                        parent_->listener(),
+                                        parent_->options_));
+
+  // Don't call StartObject() for well-known types yet. Depending on the
+  // type of actual data, we may not need to call StartObject(). For
+  // example:
+  // {
+  //   "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value",
+  //   "value": [1, 2, 3],
+  // }
+  // With the above JSON representation, we will only call StartList() on the
+  // contained ow_.
+  if (!is_well_known_type_) {
+    ow_->StartObject("");
+  }
+
+  // Now we know the proto type and can interpret all data fields we gathered
+  // before the "@type" field.
+  for (int i = 0; i < uninterpreted_events_.size(); ++i) {
+    uninterpreted_events_[i].Replay(this);
+  }
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::WriteAny() {
+  if (ow_ == nullptr) {
+    if (uninterpreted_events_.empty()) {
+      // We never got any content, so just return immediately, which is
+      // equivalent to writing an empty Any.
+      return;
+    } else {
+      // There are uninterpreted data, but we never got a "@type" field.
+      if (!invalid_) {
+        parent_->InvalidValue("Any",
+                              StrCat("Missing @type for any field in ",
+                                           parent_->master_type_.name()));
+        invalid_ = true;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  // Render the type_url and value fields directly to the stream.
+  // type_url has tag 1 and value has tag 2.
+  WireFormatLite::WriteString(1, type_url_, parent_->stream());
+  if (!data_.empty()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteBytes(2, data_, parent_->stream());
+  }
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::Event::Replay(
+    AnyWriter* writer) const {
+  switch (type_) {
+    case START_OBJECT:
+      writer->StartObject(name_);
+      break;
+    case END_OBJECT:
+      writer->EndObject();
+      break;
+    case START_LIST:
+      writer->StartList(name_);
+      break;
+    case END_LIST:
+      writer->EndList();
+      break;
+    case RENDER_DATA_PIECE:
+      writer->RenderDataPiece(name_, value_);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::Event::DeepCopy() {
+  // DataPiece only contains a string reference. To make sure the referenced
+  // string value stays valid, we make a copy of the string value and update
+  // DataPiece to reference our own copy.
+  if (value_.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_STRING) {
+    StrAppend(&value_storage_, value_.str());
+    value_ = DataPiece(value_storage_, value_.use_strict_base64_decoding());
+  } else if (value_.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_BYTES) {
+    value_storage_ = value_.ToBytes().ValueOrDie();
+    value_ =
+        DataPiece(value_storage_, true, value_.use_strict_base64_decoding());
+  }
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Item::Item(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* enclosing,
+                                    ItemType item_type, bool is_placeholder,
+                                    bool is_list)
+    : BaseElement(nullptr),
+      ow_(enclosing),
+      any_(),
+      item_type_(item_type),
+      is_placeholder_(is_placeholder),
+      is_list_(is_list) {
+  if (item_type_ == ANY) {
+    any_.reset(new AnyWriter(ow_));
+  }
+  if (item_type == MAP) {
+    map_keys_.reset(new std::unordered_set<std::string>);
+  }
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Item::Item(ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Item* parent,
+                                    ItemType item_type, bool is_placeholder,
+                                    bool is_list)
+    : BaseElement(parent),
+      ow_(this->parent()->ow_),
+      any_(),
+      item_type_(item_type),
+      is_placeholder_(is_placeholder),
+      is_list_(is_list) {
+  if (item_type == ANY) {
+    any_.reset(new AnyWriter(ow_));
+  }
+  if (item_type == MAP) {
+    map_keys_.reset(new std::unordered_set<std::string>);
+  }
+}
+
+bool ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Item::InsertMapKeyIfNotPresent(
+    StringPiece map_key) {
+  return InsertIfNotPresent(map_keys_.get(), std::string(map_key));
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::StartObject(
+    StringPiece name) {
+  if (invalid_depth() > 0) {
+    IncrementInvalidDepth();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // Starting the root message. Create the root Item and return.
+  // ANY message type does not need special handling, just set the ItemType
+  // to ANY.
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    ProtoWriter::StartObject(name);
+    current_.reset(new Item(
+        this, master_type_.name() == kAnyType ? Item::ANY : Item::MESSAGE,
+        false, false));
+
+    // If master type is a special type that needs extra values to be written to
+    // stream, we write those values.
+    if (master_type_.name() == kStructType) {
+      // Struct has a map<string, Value> field called "fields".
+      // https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/src/google/protobuf/struct.proto
+      // "fields": [
+      Push("fields", Item::MAP, true, true);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    if (master_type_.name() == kStructValueType) {
+      // We got a StartObject call with google.protobuf.Value field. The only
+      // object within that type is a struct type. So start a struct.
+      //
+      // The struct field in Value type is named "struct_value"
+      // https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/src/google/protobuf/struct.proto
+      // Also start the map field "fields" within the struct.
+      // "struct_value": {
+      //   "fields": [
+      Push("struct_value", Item::MESSAGE, true, false);
+      Push("fields", Item::MAP, true, true);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    if (master_type_.name() == kStructListValueType) {
+      InvalidValue(kStructListValueType,
+                   "Cannot start root message with ListValue.");
+    }
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // Send all ANY events to AnyWriter.
+  if (current_->IsAny()) {
+    current_->any()->StartObject(name);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // If we are within a map, we render name as keys and send StartObject to the
+  // value field.
+  if (current_->IsMap()) {
+    if (!ValidMapKey(name)) {
+      IncrementInvalidDepth();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // Map is a repeated field of message type with a "key" and a "value" field.
+    // https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto3?hl=en#maps
+    // message MapFieldEntry {
+    //   key_type key = 1;
+    //   value_type value = 2;
+    // }
+    //
+    // repeated MapFieldEntry map_field = N;
+    //
+    // That means, we render the following element within a list (hence no
+    // name):
+    // { "key": "<name>", "value": {
+    Push("", Item::MESSAGE, false, false);
+    ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece("key",
+                                 DataPiece(name, use_strict_base64_decoding()));
+    Push("value", IsAny(*Lookup("value")) ? Item::ANY : Item::MESSAGE, true,
+         false);
+
+    // Make sure we are valid so far after starting map fields.
+    if (invalid_depth() > 0) return this;
+
+    // If top of stack is g.p.Struct type, start the struct the map field within
+    // it.
+    if (element() != nullptr && IsStruct(*element()->parent_field())) {
+      // Render "fields": [
+      Push("fields", Item::MAP, true, true);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // If top of stack is g.p.Value type, start the Struct within it.
+    if (element() != nullptr && IsStructValue(*element()->parent_field())) {
+      // Render
+      // "struct_value": {
+      //   "fields": [
+      Push("struct_value", Item::MESSAGE, true, false);
+      Push("fields", Item::MAP, true, true);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = BeginNamed(name, false);
+  if (field == nullptr) return this;
+
+  if (IsStruct(*field)) {
+    // Start a struct object.
+    // Render
+    // "<name>": {
+    //   "fields": {
+    Push(name, Item::MESSAGE, false, false);
+    Push("fields", Item::MAP, true, true);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (IsStructValue(*field)) {
+    // We got a StartObject call with google.protobuf.Value field.  The only
+    // object within that type is a struct type. So start a struct.
+    // Render
+    // "<name>": {
+    //   "struct_value": {
+    //     "fields": {
+    Push(name, Item::MESSAGE, false, false);
+    Push("struct_value", Item::MESSAGE, true, false);
+    Push("fields", Item::MAP, true, true);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // Legacy JSON map is a list of key value pairs. Starts a map entry object.
+  if (options_.use_legacy_json_map_format && name.empty()) {
+    Push(name, IsAny(*field) ? Item::ANY : Item::MESSAGE, false, false);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (IsMap(*field)) {
+    // Begin a map. A map is triggered by a StartObject() call if the current
+    // field has a map type.
+    // A map type is always repeated, hence set is_list to true.
+    // Render
+    // "<name>": [
+    Push(name, Item::MAP, false, true);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // A regular message type. Pass it directly to ProtoWriter.
+  // Render
+  // "<name>": {
+  Push(name, IsAny(*field) ? Item::ANY : Item::MESSAGE, false, false);
+  return this;
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::EndObject() {
+  if (invalid_depth() > 0) {
+    DecrementInvalidDepth();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (current_ == nullptr) return this;
+
+  if (current_->IsAny()) {
+    if (current_->any()->EndObject()) return this;
+  }
+
+  Pop();
+
+  return this;
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::StartList(
+    StringPiece name) {
+  if (invalid_depth() > 0) {
+    IncrementInvalidDepth();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // Since we cannot have a top-level repeated item in protobuf, the only way
+  // this is valid is if we start a special type google.protobuf.ListValue or
+  // google.protobuf.Value.
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    if (!name.empty()) {
+      InvalidName(name, "Root element should not be named.");
+      IncrementInvalidDepth();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // If master type is a special type that needs extra values to be written to
+    // stream, we write those values.
+    if (master_type_.name() == kStructValueType) {
+      // We got a StartList with google.protobuf.Value master type. This means
+      // we have to start the "list_value" within google.protobuf.Value.
+      //
+      // See
+      // https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/src/google/protobuf/struct.proto
+      //
+      // Render
+      // "<name>": {
+      //   "list_value": {
+      //     "values": [  // Start this list.
+      ProtoWriter::StartObject(name);
+      current_.reset(new Item(this, Item::MESSAGE, false, false));
+      Push("list_value", Item::MESSAGE, true, false);
+      Push("values", Item::MESSAGE, true, true);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    if (master_type_.name() == kStructListValueType) {
+      // We got a StartList with google.protobuf.ListValue master type. This
+      // means we have to start the "values" within google.protobuf.ListValue.
+      //
+      // Render
+      // "<name>": {
+      //   "values": [  // Start this list.
+      ProtoWriter::StartObject(name);
+      current_.reset(new Item(this, Item::MESSAGE, false, false));
+      Push("values", Item::MESSAGE, true, true);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // Send the event to ProtoWriter so proper errors can be reported.
+    //
+    // Render a regular list:
+    // "<name>": [
+    ProtoWriter::StartList(name);
+    current_.reset(new Item(this, Item::MESSAGE, false, true));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (current_->IsAny()) {
+    current_->any()->StartList(name);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // If the top of stack is a map, we are starting a list value within a map.
+  // Since map does not allow repeated values, this can only happen when the map
+  // value is of a special type that renders a list in JSON.  These can be one
+  // of 3 cases:
+  // i. We are rendering a list value within google.protobuf.Struct
+  // ii. We are rendering a list value within google.protobuf.Value
+  // iii. We are rendering a list value with type google.protobuf.ListValue.
+  if (current_->IsMap()) {
+    if (!ValidMapKey(name)) {
+      IncrementInvalidDepth();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // Start the repeated map entry object.
+    // Render
+    // { "key": "<name>", "value": {
+    Push("", Item::MESSAGE, false, false);
+    ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece("key",
+                                 DataPiece(name, use_strict_base64_decoding()));
+    Push("value", Item::MESSAGE, true, false);
+
+    // Make sure we are valid after pushing all above items.
+    if (invalid_depth() > 0) return this;
+
+    // case i and ii above. Start "list_value" field within g.p.Value
+    if (element() != nullptr && element()->parent_field() != nullptr) {
+      // Render
+      // "list_value": {
+      //   "values": [  // Start this list
+      if (IsStructValue(*element()->parent_field())) {
+        Push("list_value", Item::MESSAGE, true, false);
+        Push("values", Item::MESSAGE, true, true);
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      // Render
+      // "values": [
+      if (IsStructListValue(*element()->parent_field())) {
+        // case iii above. Bind directly to g.p.ListValue
+        Push("values", Item::MESSAGE, true, true);
+        return this;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Report an error.
+    InvalidValue("Map", StrCat("Cannot have repeated items ('", name,
+                                     "') within a map."));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // When name is empty and stack is not empty, we are rendering an item within
+  // a list.
+  if (name.empty()) {
+    if (element() != nullptr && element()->parent_field() != nullptr) {
+      if (IsStructValue(*element()->parent_field())) {
+        // Since it is g.p.Value, we bind directly to the list_value.
+        // Render
+        // {  // g.p.Value item within the list
+        //   "list_value": {
+        //     "values": [
+        Push("", Item::MESSAGE, false, false);
+        Push("list_value", Item::MESSAGE, true, false);
+        Push("values", Item::MESSAGE, true, true);
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      if (IsStructListValue(*element()->parent_field())) {
+        // Since it is g.p.ListValue, we bind to it directly.
+        // Render
+        // {  // g.p.ListValue item within the list
+        //   "values": [
+        Push("", Item::MESSAGE, false, false);
+        Push("values", Item::MESSAGE, true, true);
+        return this;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Pass the event to underlying ProtoWriter.
+    Push(name, Item::MESSAGE, false, true);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // name is not empty
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = Lookup(name);
+  if (field == nullptr) {
+    IncrementInvalidDepth();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (IsStructValue(*field)) {
+    // If g.p.Value is repeated, start that list. Otherwise, start the
+    // "list_value" within it.
+    if (IsRepeated(*field)) {
+      // Render it just like a regular repeated field.
+      // "<name>": [
+      Push(name, Item::MESSAGE, false, true);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // Start the "list_value" field.
+    // Render
+    // "<name>": {
+    //   "list_value": {
+    //     "values": [
+    Push(name, Item::MESSAGE, false, false);
+    Push("list_value", Item::MESSAGE, true, false);
+    Push("values", Item::MESSAGE, true, true);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (IsStructListValue(*field)) {
+    // If g.p.ListValue is repeated, start that list. Otherwise, start the
+    // "values" within it.
+    if (IsRepeated(*field)) {
+      // Render it just like a regular repeated field.
+      // "<name>": [
+      Push(name, Item::MESSAGE, false, true);
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // Start the "values" field within g.p.ListValue.
+    // Render
+    // "<name>": {
+    //   "values": [
+    Push(name, Item::MESSAGE, false, false);
+    Push("values", Item::MESSAGE, true, true);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // If we are here, the field should be repeated. Report an error otherwise.
+  if (!IsRepeated(*field)) {
+    IncrementInvalidDepth();
+    InvalidName(name, "Proto field is not repeating, cannot start list.");
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (IsMap(*field)) {
+    if (options_.use_legacy_json_map_format) {
+      Push(name, Item::MESSAGE, false, true);
+      return this;
+    }
+    InvalidValue("Map", StrCat("Cannot bind a list to map for field '",
+                                     name, "'."));
+    IncrementInvalidDepth();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // Pass the event to ProtoWriter.
+  // Render
+  // "<name>": [
+  Push(name, Item::MESSAGE, false, true);
+  return this;
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::EndList() {
+  if (invalid_depth() > 0) {
+    DecrementInvalidDepth();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (current_ == nullptr) return this;
+
+  if (current_->IsAny()) {
+    current_->any()->EndList();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  Pop();
+  return this;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderStructValue(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                                  const DataPiece& data) {
+  std::string struct_field_name;
+  switch (data.type()) {
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_INT32: {
+      if (ow->options_.struct_integers_as_strings) {
+        StatusOr<int32> int_value = data.ToInt32();
+        if (int_value.ok()) {
+          ow->ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece(
+              "string_value",
+              DataPiece(SimpleDtoa(int_value.ValueOrDie()), true));
+          return Status();
+        }
+      }
+      struct_field_name = "number_value";
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_UINT32: {
+      if (ow->options_.struct_integers_as_strings) {
+        StatusOr<uint32> int_value = data.ToUint32();
+        if (int_value.ok()) {
+          ow->ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece(
+              "string_value",
+              DataPiece(SimpleDtoa(int_value.ValueOrDie()), true));
+          return Status();
+        }
+      }
+      struct_field_name = "number_value";
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_INT64: {
+      // If the option to treat integers as strings is set, then render them as
+      // strings. Otherwise, fallback to rendering them as double.
+      if (ow->options_.struct_integers_as_strings) {
+        StatusOr<int64> int_value = data.ToInt64();
+        if (int_value.ok()) {
+          ow->ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece(
+              "string_value",
+              DataPiece(StrCat(int_value.ValueOrDie()), true));
+          return Status();
+        }
+      }
+      struct_field_name = "number_value";
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_UINT64: {
+      // If the option to treat integers as strings is set, then render them as
+      // strings. Otherwise, fallback to rendering them as double.
+      if (ow->options_.struct_integers_as_strings) {
+        StatusOr<uint64> int_value = data.ToUint64();
+        if (int_value.ok()) {
+          ow->ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece(
+              "string_value",
+              DataPiece(StrCat(int_value.ValueOrDie()), true));
+          return Status();
+        }
+      }
+      struct_field_name = "number_value";
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      if (ow->options_.struct_integers_as_strings) {
+        StatusOr<float> float_value = data.ToFloat();
+        if (float_value.ok()) {
+          ow->ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece(
+              "string_value",
+              DataPiece(SimpleDtoa(float_value.ValueOrDie()), true));
+          return Status();
+        }
+      }
+      struct_field_name = "number_value";
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      if (ow->options_.struct_integers_as_strings) {
+        StatusOr<double> double_value = data.ToDouble();
+        if (double_value.ok()) {
+          ow->ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece(
+              "string_value",
+              DataPiece(SimpleDtoa(double_value.ValueOrDie()), true));
+          return Status();
+        }
+      }
+      struct_field_name = "number_value";
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_STRING: {
+      struct_field_name = "string_value";
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_BOOL: {
+      struct_field_name = "bool_value";
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_NULL: {
+      struct_field_name = "null_value";
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                    "Invalid struct data type. Only number, string, boolean or "
+                    "null values are supported.");
+    }
+  }
+  ow->ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece(struct_field_name, data);
+  return Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderTimestamp(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                                const DataPiece& data) {
+  if (data.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_NULL) return Status();
+  if (data.type() != DataPiece::TYPE_STRING) {
+    return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                  StrCat("Invalid data type for timestamp, value is ",
+                               data.ValueAsStringOrDefault("")));
+  }
+
+  StringPiece value(data.str());
+
+  int64 seconds;
+  int32 nanos;
+  if (!::google::protobuf::internal::ParseTime(value.ToString(), &seconds,
+                                               &nanos)) {
+    return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT, StrCat("Invalid time format: ", value));
+  }
+
+
+  ow->ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece("seconds", DataPiece(seconds));
+  ow->ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece("nanos", DataPiece(nanos));
+  return Status();
+}
+
+static inline util::Status RenderOneFieldPath(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                                StringPiece path) {
+  ow->ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece(
+      "paths", DataPiece(ConvertFieldMaskPath(path, &ToSnakeCase), true));
+  return Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderFieldMask(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                                const DataPiece& data) {
+  if (data.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_NULL) return Status();
+  if (data.type() != DataPiece::TYPE_STRING) {
+    return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                  StrCat("Invalid data type for field mask, value is ",
+                               data.ValueAsStringOrDefault("")));
+  }
+
+  // TODO(tsun): figure out how to do proto descriptor based snake case
+  // conversions as much as possible. Because ToSnakeCase sometimes returns the
+  // wrong value.
+  return DecodeCompactFieldMaskPaths(data.str(),
+                                     std::bind(&RenderOneFieldPath, ow, _1));
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderDuration(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                               const DataPiece& data) {
+  if (data.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_NULL) return Status();
+  if (data.type() != DataPiece::TYPE_STRING) {
+    return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                  StrCat("Invalid data type for duration, value is ",
+                               data.ValueAsStringOrDefault("")));
+  }
+
+  StringPiece value(data.str());
+
+  if (!HasSuffixString(value, "s")) {
+    return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                  "Illegal duration format; duration must end with 's'");
+  }
+  value = value.substr(0, value.size() - 1);
+  int sign = 1;
+  if (HasPrefixString(value, "-")) {
+    sign = -1;
+    value = value.substr(1);
+  }
+
+  StringPiece s_secs, s_nanos;
+  SplitSecondsAndNanos(value, &s_secs, &s_nanos);
+  uint64 unsigned_seconds;
+  if (!safe_strtou64(s_secs, &unsigned_seconds)) {
+    return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                  "Invalid duration format, failed to parse seconds");
+  }
+
+  int32 nanos = 0;
+  Status nanos_status = GetNanosFromStringPiece(
+      s_nanos, "Invalid duration format, failed to parse nano seconds",
+      "Duration value exceeds limits", &nanos);
+  if (!nanos_status.ok()) {
+    return nanos_status;
+  }
+  nanos = sign * nanos;
+
+  int64 seconds = sign * unsigned_seconds;
+  if (seconds > kDurationMaxSeconds || seconds < kDurationMinSeconds ||
+      nanos <= -kNanosPerSecond || nanos >= kNanosPerSecond) {
+    return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                  "Duration value exceeds limits");
+  }
+
+  ow->ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece("seconds", DataPiece(seconds));
+  ow->ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece("nanos", DataPiece(nanos));
+  return Status();
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                                  const DataPiece& data) {
+  if (data.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_NULL) return Status();
+  ow->ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece("value", data);
+  return Status();
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderDataPiece(
+    StringPiece name, const DataPiece& data) {
+  Status status;
+  if (invalid_depth() > 0) return this;
+
+  if (current_ == nullptr) {
+    const TypeRenderer* type_renderer =
+        FindTypeRenderer(GetFullTypeWithUrl(master_type_.name()));
+    if (type_renderer == nullptr) {
+      InvalidName(name, "Root element must be a message.");
+      return this;
+    }
+    // Render the special type.
+    // "<name>": {
+    //   ... Render special type ...
+    // }
+    ProtoWriter::StartObject(name);
+    status = (*type_renderer)(this, data);
+    if (!status.ok()) {
+      InvalidValue(master_type_.name(),
+                   StrCat("Field '", name, "', ", status.message()));
+    }
+    ProtoWriter::EndObject();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (current_->IsAny()) {
+    current_->any()->RenderDataPiece(name, data);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = nullptr;
+  if (current_->IsMap()) {
+    if (!ValidMapKey(name)) return this;
+
+    field = Lookup("value");
+    if (field == nullptr) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Map does not have a value field.";
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    if (options_.ignore_null_value_map_entry) {
+      // If we are rendering explicit null values and the backend proto field is
+      // not of the google.protobuf.NullType type, interpret null as absence.
+      if (data.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_NULL &&
+          field->type_url() != kStructNullValueTypeUrl) {
+        return this;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Render an item in repeated map list.
+    // { "key": "<name>", "value":
+    Push("", Item::MESSAGE, false, false);
+    ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece("key",
+                                 DataPiece(name, use_strict_base64_decoding()));
+
+    const TypeRenderer* type_renderer = FindTypeRenderer(field->type_url());
+    if (type_renderer != nullptr) {
+      // Map's value type is a special type. Render it like a message:
+      // "value": {
+      //   ... Render special type ...
+      // }
+      Push("value", Item::MESSAGE, true, false);
+      status = (*type_renderer)(this, data);
+      if (!status.ok()) {
+        InvalidValue(field->type_url(),
+                     StrCat("Field '", name, "', ", status.message()));
+      }
+      Pop();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // If we are rendering explicit null values and the backend proto field is
+    // not of the google.protobuf.NullType type, we do nothing.
+    if (data.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_NULL &&
+        field->type_url() != kStructNullValueTypeUrl) {
+      Pop();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // Render the map value as a primitive type.
+    ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece("value", data);
+    Pop();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  field = Lookup(name);
+  if (field == nullptr) return this;
+
+  // Check if the field is of special type. Render it accordingly if so.
+  const TypeRenderer* type_renderer = FindTypeRenderer(field->type_url());
+  if (type_renderer != nullptr) {
+    // Pass through null value only for google.protobuf.Value. For other
+    // types we ignore null value just like for regular field types.
+    if (data.type() != DataPiece::TYPE_NULL ||
+        field->type_url() == kStructValueTypeUrl) {
+      Push(name, Item::MESSAGE, false, false);
+      status = (*type_renderer)(this, data);
+      if (!status.ok()) {
+        InvalidValue(field->type_url(),
+                     StrCat("Field '", name, "', ", status.message()));
+      }
+      Pop();
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // If we are rendering explicit null values and the backend proto field is
+  // not of the google.protobuf.NullType type, we do nothing.
+  if (data.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_NULL &&
+      field->type_url() != kStructNullValueTypeUrl) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece(name, data);
+  return this;
+}
+
+// Map of functions that are responsible for rendering well known type
+// represented by the key.
+std::unordered_map<std::string, ProtoStreamObjectWriter::TypeRenderer>*
+    ProtoStreamObjectWriter::renderers_ = NULL;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag writer_renderers_init_;
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::InitRendererMap() {
+  renderers_ = new std::unordered_map<std::string,
+                                      ProtoStreamObjectWriter::TypeRenderer>();
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderTimestamp;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderDuration;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderFieldMask;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Double"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Float"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int64"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.UInt64"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.UInt32"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Bool"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.String"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Bytes"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.DoubleValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FloatValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int64Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.UInt64Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.UInt32Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.BoolValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.StringValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.BytesValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*renderers_)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderStructValue;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&DeleteRendererMap);
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::DeleteRendererMap() {
+  delete ProtoStreamObjectWriter::renderers_;
+  renderers_ = NULL;
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::TypeRenderer*
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::FindTypeRenderer(const std::string& type_url) {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::call_once(writer_renderers_init_,
+                                             InitRendererMap);
+  return FindOrNull(*renderers_, type_url);
+}
+
+bool ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ValidMapKey(StringPiece unnormalized_name) {
+  if (current_ == nullptr) return true;
+
+  if (!current_->InsertMapKeyIfNotPresent(unnormalized_name)) {
+    listener()->InvalidName(
+        location(), unnormalized_name,
+        StrCat("Repeated map key: '", unnormalized_name,
+                     "' is already set."));
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Push(StringPiece name,
+                                   Item::ItemType item_type,
+                                   bool is_placeholder, bool is_list) {
+  is_list ? ProtoWriter::StartList(name) : ProtoWriter::StartObject(name);
+
+  // invalid_depth == 0 means it is a successful StartObject or StartList.
+  if (invalid_depth() == 0)
+    current_.reset(
+        new Item(current_.release(), item_type, is_placeholder, is_list));
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Pop() {
+  // Pop all placeholder items sending StartObject or StartList events to
+  // ProtoWriter according to is_list value.
+  while (current_ != nullptr && current_->is_placeholder()) {
+    PopOneElement();
+  }
+  if (current_ != nullptr) {
+    PopOneElement();
+  }
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::PopOneElement() {
+  current_->is_list() ? ProtoWriter::EndList() : ProtoWriter::EndObject();
+  current_.reset(current_->pop<Item>());
+}
+
+bool ProtoStreamObjectWriter::IsMap(const google::protobuf::Field& field) {
+  if (field.type_url().empty() ||
+      field.kind() != google::protobuf::Field::TYPE_MESSAGE ||
+      field.cardinality() != google::protobuf::Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const google::protobuf::Type* field_type =
+      typeinfo()->GetTypeByTypeUrl(field.type_url());
+
+  return converter::IsMap(field, *field_type);
+}
+
+bool ProtoStreamObjectWriter::IsAny(const google::protobuf::Field& field) {
+  return GetTypeWithoutUrl(field.type_url()) == kAnyType;
+}
+
+bool ProtoStreamObjectWriter::IsStruct(const google::protobuf::Field& field) {
+  return GetTypeWithoutUrl(field.type_url()) == kStructType;
+}
+
+bool ProtoStreamObjectWriter::IsStructValue(
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field) {
+  return GetTypeWithoutUrl(field.type_url()) == kStructValueType;
+}
+
+bool ProtoStreamObjectWriter::IsStructListValue(
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field) {
+  return GetTypeWithoutUrl(field.type_url()) == kStructListValueType;
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc015c63f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTOSTREAM_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTOSTREAM_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/structured_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class ObjectLocationTracker;
+
+// An ObjectWriter that can write protobuf bytes directly from writer events.
+// This class supports all special types like Struct and Map. It uses
+// the ProtoWriter class to write raw proto bytes.
+//
+// It also supports streaming.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoStreamObjectWriter : public ProtoWriter {
+ public:
+  // Options that control ProtoStreamObjectWriter class's behavior.
+  struct Options {
+    // Treats numeric inputs in google.protobuf.Struct as strings. Normally,
+    // numeric values are returned in double field "number_value" of
+    // google.protobuf.Struct. However, this can cause precision loss for
+    // int64/uint64/double inputs. This option is provided for cases that want
+    // to preserve number precision.
+    //
+    // TODO(skarvaje): Rename to struct_numbers_as_strings as it covers double
+    // as well.
+    bool struct_integers_as_strings;
+
+    // Not treat unknown fields as an error. If there is an unknown fields,
+    // just ignore it and continue to process the rest. Note that this doesn't
+    // apply to unknown enum values.
+    bool ignore_unknown_fields;
+
+    // Ignore unknown enum values.
+    bool ignore_unknown_enum_values;
+
+    // If true, check if enum name in camel case or without underscore matches
+    // the field name.
+    bool use_lower_camel_for_enums;
+
+    // If true, check if enum name in UPPER_CASE matches the field name.
+    bool case_insensitive_enum_parsing;
+
+    // If true, skips rendering the map entry if map value is null unless the
+    // value type is google.protobuf.NullType.
+    bool ignore_null_value_map_entry;
+
+    // If true, accepts repeated key/value pair for a map proto field.
+    bool use_legacy_json_map_format;
+
+    Options()
+        : struct_integers_as_strings(false),
+          ignore_unknown_fields(false),
+          ignore_unknown_enum_values(false),
+          use_lower_camel_for_enums(false),
+          case_insensitive_enum_parsing(false),
+          ignore_null_value_map_entry(false),
+          use_legacy_json_map_format(false) {}
+
+    // Default instance of Options with all options set to defaults.
+    static const Options& Defaults() {
+      static Options defaults;
+      return defaults;
+    }
+  };
+
+// Constructor. Does not take ownership of any parameter passed in.
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriter(TypeResolver* type_resolver,
+                          const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                          strings::ByteSink* output, ErrorListener* listener,
+                          const ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Options& options =
+                              ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Options::Defaults());
+  ~ProtoStreamObjectWriter() override;
+
+  // ObjectWriter methods.
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriter* StartObject(StringPiece name) override;
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriter* EndObject() override;
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriter* StartList(StringPiece name) override;
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriter* EndList() override;
+
+  // Renders a DataPiece 'value' into a field whose wire type is determined
+  // from the given field 'name'.
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriter* RenderDataPiece(StringPiece name,
+                                           const DataPiece& data) override;
+
+ protected:
+  // Function that renders a well known type with modified behavior.
+  typedef util::Status (*TypeRenderer)(ProtoStreamObjectWriter*,
+                                         const DataPiece&);
+
+  // Handles writing Anys out using nested object writers and the like.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT AnyWriter {
+   public:
+    explicit AnyWriter(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* parent);
+    ~AnyWriter();
+
+    // Passes a StartObject call through to the Any writer.
+    void StartObject(StringPiece name);
+
+    // Passes an EndObject call through to the Any. Returns true if the any
+    // handled the EndObject call, false if the Any is now all done and is no
+    // longer needed.
+    bool EndObject();
+
+    // Passes a StartList call through to the Any writer.
+    void StartList(StringPiece name);
+
+    // Passes an EndList call through to the Any writer.
+    void EndList();
+
+    // Renders a data piece on the any.
+    void RenderDataPiece(StringPiece name, const DataPiece& value);
+
+   private:
+    // Before the "@type" field is encountered, we store all incoming data
+    // into this Event struct and replay them after we get the "@type" field.
+    class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Event {
+     public:
+      enum Type {
+        START_OBJECT = 0,
+        END_OBJECT = 1,
+        START_LIST = 2,
+        END_LIST = 3,
+        RENDER_DATA_PIECE = 4,
+      };
+
+      // Constructor for END_OBJECT and END_LIST events.
+      explicit Event(Type type) : type_(type), value_(DataPiece::NullData()) {}
+
+      // Constructor for START_OBJECT and START_LIST events.
+      explicit Event(Type type, StringPiece name)
+          : type_(type), name_(name), value_(DataPiece::NullData()) {}
+
+      // Constructor for RENDER_DATA_PIECE events.
+      explicit Event(StringPiece name, const DataPiece& value)
+          : type_(RENDER_DATA_PIECE), name_(name), value_(value) {
+        DeepCopy();
+      }
+
+      Event(const Event& other)
+          : type_(other.type_), name_(other.name_), value_(other.value_) {
+        DeepCopy();
+      }
+
+      Event& operator=(const Event& other) {
+        type_ = other.type_;
+        name_ = other.name_;
+        value_ = other.value_;
+        DeepCopy();
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      void Replay(AnyWriter* writer) const;
+
+     private:
+      void DeepCopy();
+
+      Type type_;
+      std::string name_;
+      DataPiece value_;
+      std::string value_storage_;
+    };
+
+    // Handles starting up the any once we have a type.
+    void StartAny(const DataPiece& value);
+
+    // Writes the Any out to the parent writer in its serialized form.
+    void WriteAny();
+
+    // The parent of this writer, needed for various bits such as type info and
+    // the listeners.
+    ProtoStreamObjectWriter* parent_;
+
+    // The nested object writer, used to write events.
+    std::unique_ptr<ProtoStreamObjectWriter> ow_;
+
+    // The type_url_ that this Any represents.
+    std::string type_url_;
+
+    // Whether this any is invalid. This allows us to only report an invalid
+    // Any message a single time rather than every time we get a nested field.
+    bool invalid_;
+
+    // The output data and wrapping ByteSink.
+    std::string data_;
+    strings::StringByteSink output_;
+
+    // The depth within the Any, so we can track when we're done.
+    int depth_;
+
+    // True if the type is a well-known type. Well-known types in Any
+    // has a special formating:
+    // {
+    //   "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.XXX",
+    //   "value": <JSON representation of the type>,
+    // }
+    bool is_well_known_type_;
+    TypeRenderer* well_known_type_render_;
+
+    // Store data before the "@type" field.
+    std::vector<Event> uninterpreted_events_;
+  };
+
+  // Represents an item in a stack of items used to keep state between
+  // ObjectWrier events.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Item : public BaseElement {
+   public:
+    // Indicates the type of item.
+    enum ItemType {
+      MESSAGE,  // Simple message
+      MAP,      // Proto3 map type
+      ANY,      // Proto3 Any type
+    };
+
+    // Constructor for the root item.
+    Item(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* enclosing, ItemType item_type,
+         bool is_placeholder, bool is_list);
+
+    // Constructor for a field of a message.
+    Item(Item* parent, ItemType item_type, bool is_placeholder, bool is_list);
+
+    ~Item() override {}
+
+    // These functions return true if the element type is corresponding to the
+    // type in function name.
+    bool IsMap() { return item_type_ == MAP; }
+    bool IsAny() { return item_type_ == ANY; }
+
+    AnyWriter* any() const { return any_.get(); }
+
+    Item* parent() const override {
+      return static_cast<Item*>(BaseElement::parent());
+    }
+
+    // Inserts map key into hash set if and only if the key did NOT already
+    // exist in hash set.
+    // The hash set (map_keys_) is ONLY used to keep track of map keys.
+    // Return true if insert successfully; returns false if the map key was
+    // already present.
+    bool InsertMapKeyIfNotPresent(StringPiece map_key);
+
+    bool is_placeholder() const { return is_placeholder_; }
+    bool is_list() const { return is_list_; }
+
+   private:
+    // Used for access to variables of the enclosing instance of
+    // ProtoStreamObjectWriter.
+    ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow_;
+
+    // A writer for Any objects, handles all Any-related nonsense.
+    std::unique_ptr<AnyWriter> any_;
+
+    // The type of this element, see enum for permissible types.
+    ItemType item_type_;
+
+    // Set of map keys already seen for the type_. Used to validate incoming
+    // messages so no map key appears more than once.
+    std::unique_ptr<std::unordered_set<std::string> > map_keys_;
+
+    // Conveys whether this Item is a placeholder or not. Placeholder items are
+    // pushed to stack to account for special types.
+    bool is_placeholder_;
+
+    // Conveys whether this Item is a list or not. This is used to send
+    // StartList or EndList calls to underlying ObjectWriter.
+    bool is_list_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(Item);
+  };
+
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriter(const TypeInfo* typeinfo,
+                          const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                          strings::ByteSink* output, ErrorListener* listener);
+
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriter(const TypeInfo* typeinfo,
+                          const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                          strings::ByteSink* output, ErrorListener* listener,
+                          const ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Options& options);
+
+  // Returns true if the field is a map.
+  inline bool IsMap(const google::protobuf::Field& field);
+
+  // Returns true if the field is an any.
+  inline bool IsAny(const google::protobuf::Field& field);
+
+  // Returns true if the field is google.protobuf.Struct.
+  inline bool IsStruct(const google::protobuf::Field& field);
+
+  // Returns true if the field is google.protobuf.Value.
+  inline bool IsStructValue(const google::protobuf::Field& field);
+
+  // Returns true if the field is google.protobuf.ListValue.
+  inline bool IsStructListValue(const google::protobuf::Field& field);
+
+  // Renders google.protobuf.Value in struct.proto. It picks the right oneof
+  // type based on value's type.
+  static util::Status RenderStructValue(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                          const DataPiece& value);
+
+  // Renders google.protobuf.Timestamp value.
+  static util::Status RenderTimestamp(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                        const DataPiece& value);
+
+  // Renders google.protobuf.FieldMask value.
+  static util::Status RenderFieldMask(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                        const DataPiece& value);
+
+  // Renders google.protobuf.Duration value.
+  static util::Status RenderDuration(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                       const DataPiece& value);
+
+  // Renders wrapper message types for primitive types in
+  // google/protobuf/wrappers.proto.
+  static util::Status RenderWrapperType(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                          const DataPiece& value);
+
+  static void InitRendererMap();
+  static void DeleteRendererMap();
+  static TypeRenderer* FindTypeRenderer(const std::string& type_url);
+
+  // Returns true if the map key for type_ is not duplicated key.
+  // If map key is duplicated key, this function returns false.
+  // Note that caller should make sure that the current proto element (current_)
+  // is of element type MAP or STRUCT_MAP.
+  // It also calls the appropriate error callback and unnormalzied_name is used
+  // for error string.
+  bool ValidMapKey(StringPiece unnormalized_name);
+
+  // Pushes an item on to the stack. Also calls either StartObject or StartList
+  // on the underlying ObjectWriter depending on whether is_list is false or
+  // not.
+  // is_placeholder conveys whether the item is a placeholder item or not.
+  // Placeholder items are pushed when adding auxillary types' StartObject or
+  // StartList calls.
+  void Push(StringPiece name, Item::ItemType item_type,
+            bool is_placeholder, bool is_list);
+
+  // Pops items from the stack. All placeholder items are popped until a
+  // non-placeholder item is found.
+  void Pop();
+
+  // Pops one element from the stack. Calls EndObject() or EndList() on the
+  // underlying ObjectWriter depending on the value of is_list_.
+  void PopOneElement();
+
+ private:
+  // Helper functions to create the map and find functions responsible for
+  // rendering well known types, keyed by type URL.
+  static std::unordered_map<std::string, TypeRenderer>* renderers_;
+
+  // Variables for describing the structure of the input tree:
+  // master_type_: descriptor for the whole protobuf message.
+  const google::protobuf::Type& master_type_;
+
+  // The current element, variable for internal state processing.
+  std::unique_ptr<Item> current_;
+
+  // Reference to the options that control this class's behavior.
+  const ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Options options_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(ProtoStreamObjectWriter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTOSTREAM_OBJECTWRITER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b22b5286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2976 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h>
+
+#include <stddef.h>  // For size_t
+
+#include <google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/mock_error_listener.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+using proto_util_converter::testing::AnyM;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::AnyOut;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::Author;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::Book;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::FieldMaskTest;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::Int32Wrapper;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::MapIn;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::Primitive;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::Proto3Message;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::Publisher;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::StructType;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::TestJsonName1;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::TestJsonName2;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::TimestampDuration;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::ValueWrapper;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::oneofs::OneOfsRequest;
+using strings::GrowingArrayByteSink;
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::Args;
+
+
+namespace {
+std::string GetTypeUrl(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return std::string(kTypeServiceBaseUrl) + "/" + descriptor->full_name();
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+using std::get;
+#else
+using std::tr1::get;
+#endif
+
+class BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest
+    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<testing::TypeInfoSource> {
+ protected:
+  BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest()
+      : helper_(GetParam()),
+        listener_(),
+        output_(new GrowingArrayByteSink(1000)),
+        ow_() {}
+
+  explicit BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest(const Descriptor* descriptor)
+      : helper_(GetParam()),
+        listener_(),
+        output_(new GrowingArrayByteSink(1000)),
+        ow_() {
+    std::vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(descriptor);
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+
+  explicit BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest(
+      std::vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors)
+      : helper_(GetParam()),
+        listener_(),
+        output_(new GrowingArrayByteSink(1000)),
+        ow_() {
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+
+  void ResetTypeInfo(std::vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(!descriptors.empty()) << "Must have at least one descriptor!";
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+    ow_.reset(helper_.NewProtoWriter(GetTypeUrl(descriptors[0]), output_.get(),
+                                     &listener_, options_));
+  }
+
+  void ResetTypeInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    std::vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(descriptor);
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+
+  virtual ~BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest() {}
+
+  void CheckOutput(const Message& expected, int expected_length) {
+    size_t nbytes;
+    std::unique_ptr<char[]> buffer(output_->GetBuffer(&nbytes));
+    if (expected_length >= 0) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(expected_length, nbytes);
+    }
+    std::string str(buffer.get(), nbytes);
+
+    std::stringbuf str_buf(str, std::ios_base::in);
+    std::istream istream(&str_buf);
+    std::unique_ptr<Message> message(expected.New());
+    message->ParsePartialFromIstream(&istream);
+
+    if (!MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(expected, *message)) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(expected.DebugString(), message->DebugString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  void CheckOutput(const Message& expected) { CheckOutput(expected, -1); }
+
+  testing::TypeInfoTestHelper helper_;
+  MockErrorListener listener_;
+  std::unique_ptr<GrowingArrayByteSink> output_;
+  std::unique_ptr<ProtoStreamObjectWriter> ow_;
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Options options_;
+};
+
+MATCHER_P(HasObjectLocation, expected,
+          "Verifies the expected object location") {
+  std::string actual = get<0>(arg).ToString();
+  if (actual.compare(expected) == 0) return true;
+  *result_listener << "actual location is: " << actual;
+  return false;
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest()
+      : BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest(Book::descriptor()) {}
+
+  void ResetProtoWriter() { ResetTypeInfo(Book::descriptor()); }
+
+  virtual ~ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest() {}
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, EmptyObject) {
+  Book empty;
+  ow_->StartObject("")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, SimpleObject) {
+  std::string content("My content");
+
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("My Title");
+  book.set_length(222);
+  book.set_content(content);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "My Title")
+      ->RenderInt32("length", 222)
+      ->RenderBytes("content", content)
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, SimpleMessage) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("Some Book");
+  book.set_length(102);
+  Publisher* publisher = book.mutable_publisher();
+  publisher->set_name("My Publisher");
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_alive(true);
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+  robert->add_pseudonym("bob");
+  robert->add_pseudonym("bobby");
+  robert->add_friend_()->set_name("john");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "Some Book")
+      ->RenderInt32("length", 102)
+      ->StartObject("publisher")
+      ->RenderString("name", "My Publisher")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderBool("alive", true)
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->StartList("pseudonym")
+      ->RenderString("", "bob")
+      ->RenderString("", "bobby")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("friend")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "john")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, CustomJsonName) {
+  Book book;
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_id(12345);
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderUint64("@id", 12345)
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+// Test that two messages can have different fields mapped to the same JSON
+// name. See: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/1415
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, ConflictingJsonName) {
+  ResetTypeInfo(TestJsonName1::descriptor());
+  TestJsonName1 message1;
+  message1.set_one_value(12345);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderInt32("value", 12345)->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(message1);
+
+  ResetTypeInfo(TestJsonName2::descriptor());
+  TestJsonName2 message2;
+  message2.set_another_value(12345);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderInt32("value", 12345)->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(message2);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, IntEnumValuesAreAccepted) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("Some Book");
+  book.set_type(proto_util_converter::testing::Book::KIDS);
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "Some Book")
+      ->RenderString("type", "2")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, EnumValuesWithDifferentCaseIsRejected) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("Some Book");
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+
+  options_.case_insensitive_enum_parsing = false;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "Some Book")
+      ->RenderString("type", "action_and_adventure")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, EnumValuesWithSameCaseIsAccepted) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("Some Book");
+  book.set_type(proto_util_converter::testing::Book::ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE);
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+
+  options_.case_insensitive_enum_parsing = false;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "Some Book")
+      ->RenderString("type", "ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, EnumValuesWithDifferentCaseIsAccepted) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("Some Book");
+  book.set_type(proto_util_converter::testing::Book::ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE);
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+
+  options_.case_insensitive_enum_parsing = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "Some Book")
+      ->RenderString("type", "action_AND_adventure")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, EnumValuesWithoutUnderscoreAreAccepted) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("Some Book");
+  book.set_type(proto_util_converter::testing::Book::ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE);
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+
+  options_.use_lower_camel_for_enums = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "Some Book")
+      ->RenderString("type", "ACTIONANDADVENTURE")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, EnumValuesInCamelCaseAreAccepted) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("Some Book");
+  book.set_type(proto_util_converter::testing::Book::ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE);
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+
+  options_.use_lower_camel_for_enums = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "Some Book")
+      ->RenderString("type", "actionAndAdventure")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest,
+       EnumValuesInCamelCaseRemoveDashAndUnderscoreAreAccepted) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("Some Book");
+  book.set_type(proto_util_converter::testing::Book::ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE);
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+
+  options_.use_lower_camel_for_enums = true;
+  options_.case_insensitive_enum_parsing = false;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "Some Book")
+      ->RenderString("type", "action-And_Adventure")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest,
+       EnumValuesInCamelCaseWithNameNotUppercaseAreAccepted) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("Some Book");
+  book.set_type(proto_util_converter::testing::Book::arts_and_photography);
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+
+  options_.use_lower_camel_for_enums = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "Some Book")
+      ->RenderString("type", "artsAndPhotography")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, PrimitiveFromStringConversion) {
+  Primitive full;
+  full.set_fix32(101);
+  full.set_u32(102);
+  full.set_i32(-103);
+  full.set_sf32(-104);
+  full.set_s32(-105);
+  full.set_fix64(40000000001L);
+  full.set_u64(40000000002L);
+  full.set_i64(-40000000003L);
+  full.set_sf64(-40000000004L);
+  full.set_s64(-40000000005L);
+  full.set_str("string1");
+  full.set_bytes("Some Bytes");
+  full.set_float_(3.14f);
+  full.set_double_(-4.05L);
+  full.set_bool_(true);
+  full.add_rep_fix32(201);
+  full.add_rep_u32(202);
+  full.add_rep_i32(-203);
+  full.add_rep_sf32(-204);
+  full.add_rep_s32(-205);
+  full.add_rep_fix64(80000000001L);
+  full.add_rep_u64(80000000002L);
+  full.add_rep_i64(-80000000003L);
+  full.add_rep_sf64(-80000000004L);
+  full.add_rep_s64(-80000000005L);
+  full.add_rep_str("string2");
+  full.add_rep_bytes("More Bytes");
+  full.add_rep_float(6.14f);
+  full.add_rep_double(-8.05L);
+  full.add_rep_bool(false);
+
+  ResetTypeInfo(Primitive::descriptor());
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("fix32", "101")
+      ->RenderString("u32", "102")
+      ->RenderString("i32", "-103")
+      ->RenderString("sf32", "-104")
+      ->RenderString("s32", "-105")
+      ->RenderString("fix64", "40000000001")
+      ->RenderString("u64", "40000000002")
+      ->RenderString("i64", "-40000000003")
+      ->RenderString("sf64", "-40000000004")
+      ->RenderString("s64", "-40000000005")
+      ->RenderString("str", "string1")
+      ->RenderString("bytes", "U29tZSBCeXRlcw==")  // "Some Bytes"
+      ->RenderString("float", "3.14")
+      ->RenderString("double", "-4.05")
+      ->RenderString("bool", "true")
+      ->StartList("rep_fix32")
+      ->RenderString("", "201")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_u32")
+      ->RenderString("", "202")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_i32")
+      ->RenderString("", "-203")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_sf32")
+      ->RenderString("", "-204")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_s32")
+      ->RenderString("", "-205")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_fix64")
+      ->RenderString("", "80000000001")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_u64")
+      ->RenderString("", "80000000002")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_i64")
+      ->RenderString("", "-80000000003")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_sf64")
+      ->RenderString("", "-80000000004")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_s64")
+      ->RenderString("", "-80000000005")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_str")
+      ->RenderString("", "string2")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_bytes")
+      ->RenderString("", "TW9yZSBCeXRlcw==")  // "More Bytes"
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_float")
+      ->RenderString("", "6.14")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_double")
+      ->RenderString("", "-8.05")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_bool")
+      ->RenderString("", "false")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(full);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, InfinityInputTest) {
+  Primitive full;
+  full.set_double_(std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  full.set_float_(std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
+  full.set_str("-Infinity");
+
+  ResetTypeInfo(Primitive::descriptor());
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_INT32"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"Infinity\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("i32")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_UINT32"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"Infinity\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("u32")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_SFIXED64"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"-Infinity\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("sf64")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_BOOL"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"Infinity\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("bool")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("double", "Infinity")
+      ->RenderString("float", "Infinity")
+      ->RenderString("i32", "Infinity")
+      ->RenderString("u32", "Infinity")
+      ->RenderString("sf64", "-Infinity")
+      ->RenderString("str", "-Infinity")
+      ->RenderString("bool", "Infinity")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(full);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, NaNInputTest) {
+  Primitive full;
+  full.set_double_(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+  full.set_float_(std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN());
+  full.set_str("NaN");
+
+  ResetTypeInfo(Primitive::descriptor());
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_INT32"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"NaN\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("i32")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_UINT32"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"NaN\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("u32")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_SFIXED64"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"NaN\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("sf64")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_BOOL"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"NaN\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("bool")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("double", "NaN")
+      ->RenderString("float", "NaN")
+      ->RenderString("i32", "NaN")
+      ->RenderString("u32", "NaN")
+      ->RenderString("sf64", "NaN")
+      ->RenderString("str", "NaN")
+      ->RenderString("bool", "NaN")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(full);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, ImplicitPrimitiveList) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* author = expected.mutable_author();
+  author->set_name("The Author");
+  author->add_pseudonym("first");
+  author->add_pseudonym("second");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "The Author")
+      ->RenderString("pseudonym", "first")
+      ->RenderString("pseudonym", "second")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest,
+       LastWriteWinsOnNonRepeatedPrimitiveFieldWithDuplicates) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* author = expected.mutable_author();
+  author->set_name("second");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "first")
+      ->RenderString("name", "second")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, ExplicitPrimitiveList) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* author = expected.mutable_author();
+  author->set_name("The Author");
+  author->add_pseudonym("first");
+  author->add_pseudonym("second");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "The Author")
+      ->StartList("pseudonym")
+      ->RenderString("", "first")
+      ->RenderString("", "second")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, NonRepeatedExplicitPrimitiveList) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_allocated_author(new Author());
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidName(_, StringPiece("name"),
+                  StringPiece(
+                      "Proto field is not repeating, cannot start list.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("author")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->StartList("name")
+      ->RenderString("", "first")
+      ->RenderString("", "second")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, ImplicitMessageList) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* outer = expected.mutable_author();
+  outer->set_name("outer");
+  outer->set_alive(true);
+  Author* first = outer->add_friend_();
+  first->set_name("first");
+  Author* second = outer->add_friend_();
+  second->set_name("second");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "outer")
+      ->RenderBool("alive", true)
+      ->StartObject("friend")
+      ->RenderString("name", "first")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("friend")
+      ->RenderString("name", "second")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest,
+       LastWriteWinsOnNonRepeatedMessageFieldWithDuplicates) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* author = expected.mutable_author();
+  author->set_name("The Author");
+  Publisher* publisher = expected.mutable_publisher();
+  publisher->set_name("second");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "The Author")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("publisher")
+      ->RenderString("name", "first")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("publisher")
+      ->RenderString("name", "second")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, ExplicitMessageList) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* outer = expected.mutable_author();
+  outer->set_name("outer");
+  outer->set_alive(true);
+  Author* first = outer->add_friend_();
+  first->set_name("first");
+  Author* second = outer->add_friend_();
+  second->set_name("second");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "outer")
+      ->RenderBool("alive", true)
+      ->StartList("friend")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "first")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "second")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, NonRepeatedExplicitMessageList) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* author = expected.mutable_author();
+  author->set_name("The Author");
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidName(_, StringPiece("publisher"),
+                  StringPiece(
+                      "Proto field is not repeating, cannot start list.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "The Author")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartList("publisher")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "first")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "second")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnknownFieldAtRoot) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, StringPiece("unknown"),
+                                     StringPiece("Cannot find field.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("unknown", "Nope!")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnknownFieldAtAuthorFriend) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* paul = expected.mutable_author();
+  paul->set_name("Paul");
+  Author* mark = paul->add_friend_();
+  mark->set_name("Mark");
+  Author* john = paul->add_friend_();
+  john->set_name("John");
+  Author* luke = paul->add_friend_();
+  luke->set_name("Luke");
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, StringPiece("address"),
+                                     StringPiece("Cannot find field.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("author.friend[1]")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "Paul")
+      ->StartList("friend")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "Mark")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "John")
+      ->RenderString("address", "Patmos")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "Luke")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnknownObjectAtRoot) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, StringPiece("unknown"),
+                                     StringPiece("Cannot find field.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->StartObject("unknown")->EndObject()->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnknownObjectAtAuthor) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* author = expected.mutable_author();
+  author->set_name("William");
+  author->add_pseudonym("Bill");
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, StringPiece("wife"),
+                                     StringPiece("Cannot find field.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("author")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "William")
+      ->StartObject("wife")
+      ->RenderString("name", "Hilary")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("pseudonym", "Bill")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnknownListAtRoot) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, StringPiece("unknown"),
+                                     StringPiece("Cannot find field.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->StartList("unknown")->EndList()->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnknownListAtPublisher) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_title("Brainwashing");
+  Publisher* publisher = expected.mutable_publisher();
+  publisher->set_name("propaganda");
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, StringPiece("alliance"),
+                                     StringPiece("Cannot find field.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("publisher")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("publisher")
+      ->RenderString("name", "propaganda")
+      ->StartList("alliance")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("title", "Brainwashing")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, IgnoreUnknownFieldAtRoot) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  options_.ignore_unknown_fields = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("unknown", "Nope!")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, IgnoreUnknownFieldAtAuthorFriend) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* paul = expected.mutable_author();
+  paul->set_name("Paul");
+  Author* mark = paul->add_friend_();
+  mark->set_name("Mark");
+  Author* john = paul->add_friend_();
+  john->set_name("John");
+  Author* luke = paul->add_friend_();
+  luke->set_name("Luke");
+
+  options_.ignore_unknown_fields = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "Paul")
+      ->StartList("friend")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "Mark")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "John")
+      ->RenderString("address", "Patmos")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "Luke")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, IgnoreUnknownObjectAtRoot) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  options_.ignore_unknown_fields = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, StringPiece("unknown"),
+                                     StringPiece("Cannot find field.")))
+      .Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->StartObject("unknown")->EndObject()->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, IgnoreUnknownObjectAtAuthor) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* author = expected.mutable_author();
+  author->set_name("William");
+  author->add_pseudonym("Bill");
+
+  options_.ignore_unknown_fields = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "William")
+      ->StartObject("wife")
+      ->RenderString("name", "Hilary")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("pseudonym", "Bill")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, IgnoreUnknownListAtRoot) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  options_.ignore_unknown_fields = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->StartList("unknown")->EndList()->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, IgnoreUnknownListAtPublisher) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_title("Brainwashing");
+  Publisher* publisher = expected.mutable_publisher();
+  publisher->set_name("propaganda");
+
+  options_.ignore_unknown_fields = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("publisher")
+      ->RenderString("name", "propaganda")
+      ->StartList("alliance")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("title", "Brainwashing")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest,
+       IgnoreUnknownFieldsDontIgnoreUnknownEnumValues) {
+  ResetTypeInfo(Proto3Message::descriptor());
+
+  Proto3Message expected;
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_ENUM"),
+                   StringPiece("\"someunknownvalueyouwillneverknow\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("enum_value")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("enumValue", "someunknownvalueyouwillneverknow")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, AcceptUnknownEnumValue) {
+  ResetTypeInfo(Proto3Message::descriptor());
+
+  Proto3Message expected;
+  expected.set_enum_value(static_cast<Proto3Message::NestedEnum>(12345));
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderInt32("enumValue", 12345)->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, MissingRequiredField) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_title("My Title");
+  expected.set_allocated_publisher(new Publisher());
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, MissingField(_, StringPiece("name")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("publisher")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("publisher")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("title", "My Title")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, InvalidFieldValueAtRoot) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_UINT32"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"garbage\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("length")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("length", "garbage")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, MultipleInvalidFieldValues) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_title("My Title");
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_UINT32"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"-400\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("length")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_INT64"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"3.14\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("published")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("length", "-400")
+      ->RenderString("published", "3.14")
+      ->RenderString("title", "My Title")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnnamedFieldAtRoot) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece(""),
+                          StringPiece("Proto fields must have a name.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderFloat("", 3.14)->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnnamedFieldAtAuthor) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_title("noname");
+  expected.set_allocated_author(new Author());
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece(""),
+                          StringPiece("Proto fields must have a name.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("author")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderInt32("", 123)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("title", "noname")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnnamedListAtRoot) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_title("noname");
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece(""),
+                          StringPiece("Proto fields must have a name.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartList("")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->RenderString("title", "noname")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, RootNamedObject) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_title("Annie");
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidName(_, StringPiece("oops"),
+                  StringPiece("Root element should not be named.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("oops")->RenderString("title", "Annie")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected, 7);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, RootNamedList) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidName(_, StringPiece("oops"),
+                  StringPiece("Root element should not be named.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartList("oops")->RenderString("", "item")->EndList();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, RootUnnamedField) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece(""),
+                          StringPiece("Root element must be a message.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->RenderBool("", true);
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, RootNamedField) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece("oops"),
+                          StringPiece("Root element must be a message.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->RenderBool("oops", true);
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, NullValue) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  ow_->RenderNull("");
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, NullValueForMessageField) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  ow_->RenderNull("author");
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, NullValueForPrimitiveField) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  ow_->RenderNull("length");
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest
+    : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest() {
+    std::vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(TimestampDuration::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Timestamp::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Duration::descriptor());
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, ParseTimestamp) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+  google::protobuf::Timestamp* ts = timestamp.mutable_ts();
+  ts->set_seconds(1448249855);
+  ts->set_nanos(33155000);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "2015-11-23T03:37:35.033155Z")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
+       ParseTimestampYearNotZeroPadded) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+  google::protobuf::Timestamp* ts = timestamp.mutable_ts();
+  ts->set_seconds(-61665654145);
+  ts->set_nanos(33155000);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "15-11-23T03:37:35.033155Z")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
+       ParseTimestampYearZeroPadded) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+  google::protobuf::Timestamp* ts = timestamp.mutable_ts();
+  ts->set_seconds(-61665654145);
+  ts->set_nanos(33155000);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "0015-11-23T03:37:35.033155Z")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
+       ParseTimestampWithPositiveOffset) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+  google::protobuf::Timestamp* ts = timestamp.mutable_ts();
+  ts->set_seconds(1448249855);
+  ts->set_nanos(33155000);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "2015-11-23T11:47:35.033155+08:10")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
+       ParseTimestampWithNegativeOffset) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+  google::protobuf::Timestamp* ts = timestamp.mutable_ts();
+  ts->set_seconds(1448249855);
+  ts->set_nanos(33155000);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "2015-11-22T19:47:35.033155-07:50")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
+       TimestampWithInvalidOffset1) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'ts', Invalid time format: "
+                      "2016-03-07T15:14:23+")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("ts", "2016-03-07T15:14:23+")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
+       TimestampWithInvalidOffset2) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'ts', Invalid time format: "
+                      "2016-03-07T15:14:23+08-10")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "2016-03-07T15:14:23+08-10")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
+       TimestampWithInvalidOffset3) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'ts', Invalid time format: "
+                      "2016-03-07T15:14:23+24:10")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "2016-03-07T15:14:23+24:10")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
+       TimestampWithInvalidOffset4) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'ts', Invalid time format: "
+                      "2016-03-07T15:14:23+04:60")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "2016-03-07T15:14:23+04:60")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidTimestampError1) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'ts', Invalid time format: ")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("ts", "")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidTimestampError2) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'ts', Invalid time format: Z")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("ts", "Z")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidTimestampError3) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'ts', Invalid time format: "
+                      "1970-01-01T00:00:00.ABZ")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "1970-01-01T00:00:00.ABZ")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidTimestampError4) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'ts', Invalid time format: "
+                      "-8031-10-18T00:00:00.000Z")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "-8031-10-18T00:00:00.000Z")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidTimestampError5) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'ts', Invalid time format: "
+                      "2015-11-23T03:37:35.033155   Z")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      // Whitespace in the Timestamp nanos is not allowed.
+      ->RenderString("ts", "2015-11-23T03:37:35.033155   Z")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidTimestampError6) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'ts', Invalid time format: "
+                      "2015-11-23T03:37:35.033155 1234Z")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      // Whitespace in the Timestamp nanos is not allowed.
+      ->RenderString("ts", "2015-11-23T03:37:35.033155 1234Z")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidTimestampError7) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'ts', Invalid time format: "
+                      "2015-11-23T03:37:35.033abc155Z")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      // Non-numeric characters in the Timestamp nanos is not allowed.
+      ->RenderString("ts", "2015-11-23T03:37:35.033abc155Z")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidTimestampError8) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'ts', Invalid time format: "
+                      "0-12-31T23:59:59.000Z")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "0-12-31T23:59:59.000Z")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, ParseDuration) {
+  TimestampDuration duration;
+  google::protobuf::Duration* dur = duration.mutable_dur();
+  dur->set_seconds(1448216930);
+  dur->set_nanos(132262000);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("dur", "1448216930.132262s")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(duration);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidDurationError1) {
+  TimestampDuration duration;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration"),
+          StringPiece(
+              "Field 'dur', Illegal duration format; duration must "
+              "end with 's'")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("dur", "")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(duration);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidDurationError2) {
+  TimestampDuration duration;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration"),
+          StringPiece(
+              "Field 'dur', Invalid duration format, failed to parse "
+              "seconds")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("dur", "s")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(duration);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidDurationError3) {
+  TimestampDuration duration;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'dur', Invalid duration format, failed to "
+                            "parse nano seconds")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("dur", "123.DEFs")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(duration);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidDurationError4) {
+  TimestampDuration duration;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'dur', Duration value exceeds limits")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("dur", "315576000002s")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(duration);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidDurationError5) {
+  TimestampDuration duration;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'dur', Duration value exceeds limits")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("dur", "0.1000000001s")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(duration);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
+       MismatchedTimestampTypeInput) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece(
+              "Field 'ts', Invalid data type for timestamp, value is 1")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("ts")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderInt32("ts", 1)->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
+       MismatchedDurationTypeInput) {
+  TimestampDuration duration;
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration"),
+          StringPiece(
+              "Field 'dur', Invalid data type for duration, value is 1")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("dur")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderInt32("dur", 1)->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(duration);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, TimestampAcceptsNull) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("ts")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, DurationAcceptsNull) {
+  TimestampDuration duration;
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("dur")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(duration);
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest
+    : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest() { ResetProtoWriter(); }
+
+  // Resets ProtoWriter with current set of options and other state.
+  void ResetProtoWriter() {
+    std::vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(StructType::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Struct::descriptor());
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+// TODO(skarvaje): Write tests for failure cases.
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, StructRenderSuccess) {
+  StructType struct_type;
+  google::protobuf::Struct* s = struct_type.mutable_object();
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k1").set_number_value(123);
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k2").set_bool_value(true);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("object")
+      ->RenderDouble("k1", 123)
+      ->RenderBool("k2", true)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(struct_type);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, StructNullInputSuccess) {
+  StructType struct_type;
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece(""),
+                          StringPiece("Proto fields must have a name.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(struct_type);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, StructInvalidInputFailure) {
+  StructType struct_type;
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Struct"),
+          StringPiece("true")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("object")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderBool("object", true)->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(struct_type);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, StructAcceptsNull) {
+  StructType struct_type;
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("object")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(struct_type);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, StructValuePreservesNull) {
+  StructType struct_type;
+  (*struct_type.mutable_object()->mutable_fields())["key"].set_null_value(
+      google::protobuf::NULL_VALUE);
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("object")
+      ->RenderNull("key")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(struct_type);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, SimpleRepeatedStructMapKeyTest) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece("gBike"),
+                          StringPiece(
+                              "Repeated map key: 'gBike' is already set.")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("object")
+      ->RenderString("gBike", "v1")
+      ->RenderString("gBike", "v2")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, RepeatedStructMapListKeyTest) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidName(_, StringPiece("k1"),
+                  StringPiece("Repeated map key: 'k1' is already set.")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("object")
+      ->RenderString("k1", "v1")
+      ->StartList("k1")
+      ->RenderString("", "v2")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, RepeatedStructMapObjectKeyTest) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidName(_, StringPiece("k1"),
+                  StringPiece("Repeated map key: 'k1' is already set.")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("object")
+      ->StartObject("k1")
+      ->RenderString("sub_k1", "v1")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("k1")
+      ->RenderString("sub_k2", "v2")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, OptionStructIntAsStringsTest) {
+  StructType struct_type;
+  google::protobuf::Struct* s = struct_type.mutable_object();
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k1").set_string_value("123");
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k2").set_bool_value(true);
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k3").set_string_value("-222222222");
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k4").set_string_value("33333333");
+
+  options_.struct_integers_as_strings = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("object")
+      ->RenderDouble("k1", 123)
+      ->RenderBool("k2", true)
+      ->RenderInt64("k3", -222222222)
+      ->RenderUint64("k4", 33333333)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(struct_type);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, Struct32BitIntsAndFloatsTest) {
+  StructType struct_type;
+  google::protobuf::Struct* s = struct_type.mutable_object();
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k1").set_number_value(1.5);
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k2").set_number_value(100);
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k3").set_number_value(100);
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("object")
+      ->RenderFloat("k1", 1.5)
+      ->RenderInt32("k2", 100)
+      ->RenderUint32("k3", 100)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(struct_type);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest,
+       Struct32BitIntsAndFloatsAsStringsTest) {
+  StructType struct_type;
+  google::protobuf::Struct* s = struct_type.mutable_object();
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k1").set_string_value("1.5");
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k2").set_string_value("100");
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k3").set_string_value("100");
+
+  options_.struct_integers_as_strings = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("object")
+      ->RenderFloat("k1", 1.5)
+      ->RenderInt32("k2", 100)
+      ->RenderUint32("k3", 100)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(struct_type);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, ValuePreservesNull) {
+  ValueWrapper value;
+  value.mutable_value()->set_null_value(google::protobuf::NULL_VALUE);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("value")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(value);
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterMapTest : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterMapTest() {
+    std::vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(MapIn::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::DoubleValue::descriptor());
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         ProtoStreamObjectWriterMapTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterMapTest, MapShouldNotAcceptList) {
+  MapIn mm;
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Map"),
+                   StringPiece(
+                       "Cannot bind a list to map for field 'map_input'.")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartList("map_input")
+      ->RenderString("a", "b")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(mm);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterMapTest, MapAcceptsNullValue) {
+  // Null should not be a valid map value.
+  // See http://go/proto3-json-spec#heading=h.r2ddatp7y4vi
+  // This test is added for backward compatibility.
+  MapIn mm;
+  (*mm.mutable_map_input())["a"] = "b";
+  (*mm.mutable_map_input())["x"] = "";
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("map_input")
+      ->RenderString("a", "b")
+      ->RenderNull("x")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(mm);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterMapTest, MapShouldIgnoreNullValueEntry) {
+  options_.ignore_null_value_map_entry = true;
+  ResetTypeInfo(MapIn::descriptor());
+  MapIn mm;
+  (*mm.mutable_map_input())["a"] = "b";
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("map_input")
+      ->RenderString("a", "b")
+      ->RenderNull("x")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(mm);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterMapTest, RepeatedMapKeyTest) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidName(_, StringPiece("k1"),
+                  StringPiece("Repeated map key: 'k1' is already set.")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("other", "test")
+      ->StartObject("map_input")
+      ->RenderString("k1", "v1")
+      ->RenderString("k1", "v2")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterMapTest, AnyInMap) {
+  MapIn mm;
+  google::protobuf::DoubleValue d;
+  d.set_value(40.2);
+  (*mm.mutable_map_any())["foo"].PackFrom(d);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("map_any")
+      ->StartObject("foo")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.DoubleValue")
+      ->RenderDouble("value", 40.2)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(mm);
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest() {
+    std::vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(AnyOut::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(Book::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Any::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::DoubleValue::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::FieldMask::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Int32Value::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Struct::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Timestamp::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Value::descriptor());
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyRenderSuccess) {
+  AnyOut any;
+  google::protobuf::Any* any_type = any.mutable_any();
+  any_type->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.DoubleValue");
+  google::protobuf::DoubleValue d;
+  d.set_value(40.2);
+  any_type->set_value(d.SerializeAsString());
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.DoubleValue")
+      ->RenderDouble("value", 40.2)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, RecursiveAny) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+  any->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any nested_any;
+  nested_any.set_type_url(
+      "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.AnyM");
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  nested_any.set_value(m.SerializeAsString());
+
+  any->set_value(nested_any.SerializeAsString());
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.AnyM")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out, 112);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, DoubleRecursiveAny) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+  any->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any nested_any;
+  nested_any.set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any second_nested_any;
+  second_nested_any.set_type_url(
+      "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.AnyM");
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  second_nested_any.set_value(m.SerializeAsString());
+
+  nested_any.set_value(second_nested_any.SerializeAsString());
+  any->set_value(nested_any.SerializeAsString());
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.AnyM")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out, 156);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, TypeUrlAtEnd) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("C++");
+  book.set_length(1234);
+  book.set_content("Hello World!");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any any;
+  any.PackFrom(book);
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any outer_any;
+  outer_any.PackFrom(any);
+
+  AnyOut out;
+  out.mutable_any()->PackFrom(outer_any);
+
+  // Put the @type field at the end of each Any message. Parsers should
+  // be able to accept that.
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("title", "C++")
+      ->RenderInt32("length", 1234)
+      ->RenderBytes("content", "Hello World!")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.Book")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+// Same as TypeUrlAtEnd, but use temporary string values to make sure we don't
+// mistakenly store StringPiece objects pointing to invalid memory.
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, TypeUrlAtEndWithTemporaryStrings) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("C++");
+  book.set_length(1234);
+  book.set_content("Hello World!");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any any;
+  any.PackFrom(book);
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any outer_any;
+  outer_any.PackFrom(any);
+
+  AnyOut out;
+  out.mutable_any()->PackFrom(outer_any);
+
+  std::string name, value;
+  // Put the @type field at the end of each Any message. Parsers should
+  // be able to accept that.
+  ow_->StartObject("")->StartObject("any");
+  {
+    ow_->StartObject("value");
+    {
+      ow_->StartObject("value");
+      {
+        name = "title";
+        value = "C++";
+        ow_->RenderString(name, value);
+        name = "length";
+        ow_->RenderInt32(name, 1234);
+        name = "content";
+        value = "Hello World!";
+        ow_->RenderBytes(name, value);
+        name = "@type";
+        value = "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.Book";
+        ow_->RenderString(name, value);
+      }
+      ow_->EndObject();
+
+      name = "@type";
+      value = "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any";
+      ow_->RenderString(name, value);
+    }
+    ow_->EndObject();
+
+    name = "@type";
+    value = "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any";
+    ow_->RenderString(name, value);
+  }
+  ow_->EndObject()->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, EmptyAnyFromEmptyObject) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  out.mutable_any();
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->StartObject("any")->EndObject()->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(out, 2);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithoutTypeUrlFails1) {
+  AnyOut any;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                   StringPiece("Missing @type for any field in "
+                                     "proto_util_converter.testing.AnyOut")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->StartObject("another")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithoutTypeUrlFails2) {
+  AnyOut any;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                   StringPiece("Missing @type for any field in "
+                                     "proto_util_converter.testing.AnyOut")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->StartList("another")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithoutTypeUrlFails3) {
+  AnyOut any;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                   StringPiece("Missing @type for any field in "
+                                     "proto_util_converter.testing.AnyOut")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("value", "somevalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithInvalidTypeUrlFails) {
+  AnyOut any;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("Any"),
+          StringPiece("Invalid type URL, type URLs must be of the form "
+                            "'type.googleapis.com/<typename>', got: "
+                            "type.other.com/some.Type")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.other.com/some.Type")
+      ->RenderDouble("value", 40.2)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithUnknownTypeFails) {
+  AnyOut any;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                           StringPiece(
+                               "Invalid type URL, unknown type: some.Type")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/some.Type")
+      ->RenderDouble("value", 40.2)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyIncorrectInputTypeFails) {
+  AnyOut any;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_,
+                   StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any"),
+                   StringPiece("1")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderInt32("any", 1)->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyAcceptsNull) {
+  AnyOut any;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("any")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWellKnownTypeErrorTest) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                                      StringPiece("Invalid time format: ")));
+
+  AnyOut any;
+  google::protobuf::Any* any_type = any.mutable_any();
+  any_type->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp")
+      ->RenderString("value", "")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+// Test the following case:
+//
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value",
+//     "value": "abc"
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithNestedPrimitiveValue) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Value value;
+  value.set_string_value("abc");
+  any->PackFrom(value);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value")
+      ->RenderString("value", "abc")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+// Test the following case:
+//
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value",
+//     "value": {
+//       "foo": "abc"
+//     }
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithNestedObjectValue) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Value value;
+  (*value.mutable_struct_value()->mutable_fields())["foo"].set_string_value(
+      "abc");
+  any->PackFrom(value);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "abc")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+// Test the following case:
+//
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value",
+//     "value": ["hello"],
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithNestedArrayValue) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Value value;
+  value.mutable_list_value()->add_values()->set_string_value("hello");
+  any->PackFrom(value);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value")
+      ->StartList("value")
+      ->RenderString("", "hello")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+// Test the following case:
+//
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value",
+//     "not_value": ""
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest,
+       AnyWellKnownTypesNoValueFieldForPrimitive) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("Any"),
+          StringPiece("Expect a \"value\" field for well-known types.")));
+  AnyOut any;
+  google::protobuf::Any* any_type = any.mutable_any();
+  any_type->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value")
+      ->RenderString("not_value", "")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+// Test the following case:
+//
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value",
+//     "not_value": {}
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWellKnownTypesNoValueFieldForObject) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("Any"),
+          StringPiece("Expect a \"value\" field for well-known types.")));
+  AnyOut any;
+  google::protobuf::Any* any_type = any.mutable_any();
+  any_type->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value")
+      ->StartObject("not_value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+// Test the following case:
+//
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value",
+//     "not_value": [],
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWellKnownTypesNoValueFieldForArray) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("Any"),
+          StringPiece("Expect a \"value\" field for well-known types.")));
+  AnyOut any;
+  google::protobuf::Any* any_type = any.mutable_any();
+  any_type->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value")
+      ->StartList("not_value")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+// Test the following case:
+//
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Struct",
+//     "value": "",
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWellKnownTypesExpectObjectForStruct) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                           StringPiece("Expect a JSON object.")));
+  AnyOut any;
+  google::protobuf::Any* any_type = any.mutable_any();
+  any_type->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Struct");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Struct")
+      ->RenderString("value", "")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+// Test the following case:
+//
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any",
+//     "value": "",
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWellKnownTypesExpectObjectForAny) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                           StringPiece("Expect a JSON object.")));
+  AnyOut any;
+  google::protobuf::Any* any_type = any.mutable_any();
+  any_type->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->RenderString("value", "")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any",
+//     "value": null
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyInAnyAcceptsNull) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  google::protobuf::Any empty;
+  out.mutable_any()->PackFrom(empty);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->RenderNull("value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp",
+//     "value": null
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, TimestampInAnyAcceptsNull) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  google::protobuf::Timestamp empty;
+  out.mutable_any()->PackFrom(empty);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp")
+      ->RenderNull("value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration",
+//     "value": null
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, DurationInAnyAcceptsNull) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  google::protobuf::Duration empty;
+  out.mutable_any()->PackFrom(empty);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration")
+      ->RenderNull("value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask",
+//     "value": null
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, FieldMaskInAnyAcceptsNull) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  google::protobuf::FieldMask empty;
+  out.mutable_any()->PackFrom(empty);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask")
+      ->RenderNull("value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value",
+//     "value": null
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, WrapperInAnyAcceptsNull) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  google::protobuf::Int32Value empty;
+  out.mutable_any()->PackFrom(empty);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value")
+      ->RenderNull("value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest
+    : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest() {
+    std::vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(FieldMaskTest::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::FieldMask::descriptor());
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, SimpleFieldMaskTest) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  expected.set_id("1");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("path1");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("id", "1");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask", "path1");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MutipleMasksInCompactForm) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  expected.set_id("1");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("camel_case1");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("camel_case2");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("camel_case3");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("id", "1");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask", "camelCase1,camelCase2,camelCase3");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, RepeatedFieldMaskTest) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  expected.set_id("1");
+  google::protobuf::FieldMask* mask = expected.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("field1");
+  mask->add_paths("field2");
+  expected.add_repeated_mask()->add_paths("field3");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("id", "1");
+  ow_->StartList("repeated_mask");
+  ow_->RenderString("", "field1,field2");
+  ow_->RenderString("", "field3");
+  ow_->EndList();
+  ow_->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, EmptyFieldMaskTest) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  expected.set_id("1");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("id", "1");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask", "");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MaskUsingApiaryStyleShouldWork) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  expected.set_id("1");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("id", "1");
+  // Case1
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask",
+                    "outerField(camelCase1,camelCase2,camelCase3)");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("outer_field.camel_case1");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("outer_field.camel_case2");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("outer_field.camel_case3");
+
+  ow_->StartList("repeated_mask");
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a(field1,field2)");
+  google::protobuf::FieldMask* mask = expected.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field2");
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a(field3)");
+  mask = expected.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("a.field3");
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a()");
+  expected.add_repeated_mask();
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a(,)");
+  expected.add_repeated_mask();
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a(field1(field2(field3)))");
+  mask = expected.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.field2.field3");
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a(field1(field2(field3,field4),field5),field6)");
+  mask = expected.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.field2.field3");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.field2.field4");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.field5");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field6");
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a(id,field1(id,field2(field3,field4),field5),field6)");
+  mask = expected.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("a.id");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.id");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.field2.field3");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.field2.field4");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.field5");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field6");
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a(((field3,field4)))");
+  mask = expected.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("a.field3");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field4");
+
+  ow_->EndList();
+  ow_->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MoreCloseThanOpenParentheses) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'single_mask', Invalid FieldMask 'a(b,c))'. "
+                            "Cannot find matching '(' for all ')'.")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("id", "1");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask", "a(b,c))");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MoreOpenThanCloseParentheses) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask"),
+          StringPiece(
+              "Field 'single_mask', Invalid FieldMask 'a(((b,c)'. Cannot "
+              "find matching ')' for all '('.")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("id", "1");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask", "a(((b,c)");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, PathWithMapKeyShouldWork) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("path.to.map[\"key1\"]");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths(
+      "path.to.map[\"e\\\"[]][scape\\\"\"]");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("path.to.map[\"key2\"]");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask",
+                    "path.to.map[\"key1\"],path.to.map[\"e\\\"[]][scape\\\"\"],"
+                    "path.to.map[\"key2\"]");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest,
+       MapKeyMustBeAtTheEndOfAPathSegment) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask"),
+          StringPiece(
+              "Field 'single_mask', Invalid FieldMask "
+              "'path.to.map[\"key1\"]a,path.to.map[\"key2\"]'. "
+              "Map keys should be at the end of a path segment.")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask",
+                    "path.to.map[\"key1\"]a,path.to.map[\"key2\"]");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MapKeyMustEnd) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'single_mask', Invalid FieldMask "
+                            "'path.to.map[\"key1\"'. Map keys should be "
+                            "represented as [\"some_key\"].")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask", "path.to.map[\"key1\"");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MapKeyMustBeEscapedCorrectly) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask"),
+          StringPiece("Field 'single_mask', Invalid FieldMask "
+                            "'path.to.map[\"ke\"y1\"]'. Map keys should be "
+                            "represented as [\"some_key\"].")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask", "path.to.map[\"ke\"y1\"]");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MapKeyCanContainAnyChars) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths(
+      // \xE5\xAD\x99 is the UTF-8 byte sequence for chinese character å­™.
+      // We cannot embed non-ASCII characters in the code directly because
+      // some windows compilers will try to interpret them using the system's
+      // current encoding and end up with invalid UTF-8 byte sequence.
+      "path.to.map[\"(),[],\\\"'!@#$%^&*123_|War\xE5\xAD\x99,./?><\\\\\"]");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("path.to.map[\"key2\"]");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString(
+      "single_mask",
+      "path.to.map[\"(),[],\\\"'!@#$%^&*123_|War\xE5\xAD\x99,./?><\\\\\"],"
+      "path.to.map[\"key2\"]");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, FieldMaskAcceptsNull) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("single_mask")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterWrappersTest
+    : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterWrappersTest() {
+    std::vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(Int32Wrapper::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Int32Value::descriptor());
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         ProtoStreamObjectWriterWrappersTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterWrappersTest, WrapperAcceptsNull) {
+  Int32Wrapper wrapper;
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("int32")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(wrapper);
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest
+    : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest() {
+    std::vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(OneOfsRequest::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Struct::descriptor());
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                         ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(
+                             testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest,
+       MultipleOneofsFailForPrimitiveTypesTest) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("oneof"),
+          StringPiece(
+              "oneof field 'data' is already set. Cannot set 'intData'")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("strData", "blah");
+  ow_->RenderString("intData", "123");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest,
+       MultipleOneofsFailForMessageTypesPrimitiveFirstTest) {
+  // Test for setting primitive oneof field first and then message field.
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("oneof"),
+                                      StringPiece(
+                                          "oneof field 'data' is already set. "
+                                          "Cannot set 'messageData'")));
+
+  // JSON: { "strData": "blah", "messageData": { "dataValue": 123 } }
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("strData", "blah");
+  ow_->StartObject("messageData");
+  ow_->RenderInt32("dataValue", 123);
+  ow_->EndObject();
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest,
+       MultipleOneofsFailForMessageTypesMessageFirstTest) {
+  // Test for setting message oneof field first and then primitive field.
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("oneof"),
+                                      StringPiece(
+                                          "oneof field 'data' is already set. "
+                                          "Cannot set 'strData'")));
+
+  // JSON: { "messageData": { "dataValue": 123 }, "strData": "blah" }
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->StartObject("messageData");
+  ow_->RenderInt32("dataValue", 123);
+  ow_->EndObject();
+  ow_->RenderString("strData", "blah");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest,
+       MultipleOneofsFailForStructTypesPrimitiveFirstTest) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("oneof"),
+                                      StringPiece(
+                                          "oneof field 'data' is already set. "
+                                          "Cannot set 'structData'")));
+
+  // JSON: { "strData": "blah", "structData": { "a": "b" } }
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("strData", "blah");
+  ow_->StartObject("structData");
+  ow_->RenderString("a", "b");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest,
+       MultipleOneofsFailForStructTypesStructFirstTest) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("oneof"),
+                                      StringPiece(
+                                          "oneof field 'data' is already set. "
+                                          "Cannot set 'strData'")));
+
+  // JSON: { "structData": { "a": "b" }, "strData": "blah" }
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->StartObject("structData");
+  ow_->RenderString("a", "b");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+  ow_->RenderString("strData", "blah");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest,
+       MultipleOneofsFailForStructValueTypesTest) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("oneof"),
+                                      StringPiece(
+                                          "oneof field 'data' is already set. "
+                                          "Cannot set 'valueData'")));
+
+  // JSON: { "messageData": { "dataValue": 123 }, "valueData": { "a": "b" } }
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->StartObject("messageData");
+  ow_->RenderInt32("dataValue", 123);
+  ow_->EndObject();
+  ow_->StartObject("valueData");
+  ow_->RenderString("a", "b");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest,
+       MultipleOneofsFailForWellKnownTypesPrimitiveFirstTest) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("oneof"),
+                                      StringPiece(
+                                          "oneof field 'data' is already set. "
+                                          "Cannot set 'tsData'")));
+
+  // JSON: { "intData": 123, "tsData": "1970-01-02T01:00:00.000Z" }
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderInt32("intData", 123);
+  ow_->RenderString("tsData", "1970-01-02T01:00:00.000Z");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest,
+       MultipleOneofsFailForWellKnownTypesWktFirstTest) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("oneof"),
+                                      StringPiece(
+                                          "oneof field 'data' is already set. "
+                                          "Cannot set 'intData'")));
+
+  // JSON: { "tsData": "1970-01-02T01:00:00.000Z", "intData": 123 }
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("tsData", "1970-01-02T01:00:00.000Z");
+  ow_->RenderInt32("intData", 123);
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest,
+       MultipleOneofsFailForWellKnownTypesAndMessageTest) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("oneof"),
+                                      StringPiece(
+                                          "oneof field 'data' is already set. "
+                                          "Cannot set 'messageData'")));
+
+  // JSON: { "tsData": "1970-01-02T01:00:00.000Z",
+  //         "messageData": { "dataValue": 123 } }
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("tsData", "1970-01-02T01:00:00.000Z");
+  ow_->StartObject("messageData");
+  ow_->RenderInt32("dataValue", 123);
+  ow_->EndObject();
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest,
+       MultipleOneofsFailForOneofWithinAnyTest) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("oneof"),
+                                      StringPiece(
+                                          "oneof field 'data' is already set. "
+                                          "Cannot set 'intData'")));
+
+  // JSON:
+  // { "anyData":
+  //    { "@type":
+  //       "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.oneofs.OneOfsRequest",
+  //     "strData": "blah",
+  //     "intData": 123
+  //    }
+  // }
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->StartObject("anyData");
+  ow_->RenderString(
+      "@type",
+      "type.googleapis.com/proto_util_converter.testing.oneofs.OneOfsRequest");
+  ow_->RenderString("strData", "blah");
+  ow_->RenderInt32("intData", 123);
+  ow_->EndObject();
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/structured_objectwriter.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/structured_objectwriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bccea718c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/structured_objectwriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_STRUCTURED_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_STRUCTURED_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// An StructuredObjectWriter is an ObjectWriter for writing
+// tree-structured data in a stream of events representing objects
+// and collections. Implementation of this interface can be used to
+// write an object stream to an in-memory structure, protobufs,
+// JSON, XML, or any other output format desired. The ObjectSource
+// interface is typically used as the source of an object stream.
+//
+// See JsonObjectWriter for a sample implementation of
+// StructuredObjectWriter and its use.
+//
+// Derived classes could be thread-unsafe.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT StructuredObjectWriter : public ObjectWriter {
+ public:
+  virtual ~StructuredObjectWriter() {}
+
+ protected:
+  // A base element class for subclasses to extend, makes tracking state easier.
+  //
+  // StructuredObjectWriter behaves as a visitor. BaseElement represents a node
+  // in the input tree. Implementation of StructuredObjectWriter should also
+  // extend BaseElement to keep track of the location in the input tree.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT BaseElement {
+   public:
+    // Takes ownership of the parent Element.
+    explicit BaseElement(BaseElement* parent)
+        : parent_(parent), level_(parent == NULL ? 0 : parent->level() + 1) {}
+    virtual ~BaseElement() {}
+
+    // Releases ownership of the parent and returns a pointer to it.
+    template <typename ElementType>
+    ElementType* pop() {
+      return down_cast<ElementType*>(parent_.release());
+    }
+
+    // Returns true if this element is the root.
+    bool is_root() const { return parent_ == nullptr; }
+
+    // Returns the number of hops from this element to the root element.
+    int level() const { return level_; }
+
+   protected:
+    // Returns pointer to parent element without releasing ownership.
+    virtual BaseElement* parent() const { return parent_.get(); }
+
+   private:
+    // Pointer to the parent Element.
+    std::unique_ptr<BaseElement> parent_;
+
+    // Number of hops to the root Element.
+    // The root Element has nullptr parent_ and a level_ of 0.
+    const int level_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(BaseElement);
+  };
+
+  StructuredObjectWriter() {}
+
+  // Returns the current element. Used for indentation and name overrides.
+  virtual BaseElement* element() = 0;
+
+ private:
+  // Do not add any data members to this class.
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(StructuredObjectWriter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_STRUCTURED_OBJECTWRITER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64b9f9d00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package proto_util_converter.testing;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+// Top-level test cases proto used by MarshallingTest. See description
+// at the top of the class MarshallingTest for details on how to write
+// test cases.
+message AnyTestCases {
+  AnyWrapper empty_any = 1;
+  AnyWrapper type_only_any = 2;
+  AnyWrapper wrapper_any = 3;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_timestamp_value = 4;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_duration_value = 5;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_struct_value = 6;
+  AnyWrapper recursive_any = 7;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_message_value = 8;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_nested_message = 9;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_message_with_wrapper_type = 10;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_message_with_timestamp = 11;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_message_containing_map = 12;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_message_containing_struct = 13;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_message_containing_repeated_message = 14;
+  AnyWrapper recursive_any_with_type_field_at_end = 15;
+  AnyWrapper repeated_any = 16;
+  AnyWrapper empty_any_with_null_type_url = 17;
+
+  google.protobuf.Any top_level_any = 50;
+  google.protobuf.Any top_level_any_with_type_field_at_end = 51;
+  google.protobuf.Any top_level_any_with_pivot_one = 52;
+  google.protobuf.Any top_level_any_with_pivot_two = 53;
+  google.protobuf.Any top_level_any_unordered = 54;
+}
+
+message AnyWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.Any any = 1;
+}
+
+// Hack to make sure the types we put into the any are included in the types.
+// Real solution is to add these types to the service config.
+message Imports {
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue dbl = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct = 2;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 3;
+  google.protobuf.Duration duration = 4;
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value i32 = 5;
+  Data data = 100;
+}
+
+message Data {
+  int32 attr = 1;
+  string str = 2;
+  repeated string msgs = 3;
+  Data nested_data = 4;
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value int_wrapper = 5;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp time = 6;
+  map<string, string> map_data = 7;
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct_data = 8;
+  repeated Data repeated_data = 9;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Any repeated_any = 10;
+}
+
+service AnyTestService {
+  rpc Call(AnyTestCases) returns (AnyTestCases);
+  rpc Call1(Imports) returns (Imports);
+}
+
+message AnyIn {
+  string something = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Any any = 2;
+}
+
+message AnyOut {
+  google.protobuf.Any any = 1;
+}
+
+message AnyM {
+  string foo = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f02ae144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: sven@google.com (Sven Mawson)
+//
+// Sample protos for testing.
+
+// Some of the older enums don't use CAPITALS_WITH_UNDERSCORES for testing.
+// LINT: LEGACY_NAMES
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package proto_util_converter.testing;
+
+import "google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.proto";
+
+// A book
+message Book {
+  optional string title = 1;
+  optional Author author = 2;
+  optional uint32 length = 3;
+  optional int64 published = 4;
+  optional bytes content = 5;
+
+  optional group Data = 6 {
+    optional uint32 year = 7;
+    optional string copyright = 8;
+  }
+
+  message Label {
+    optional string key = 1;
+    optional string value = 2;
+  }
+
+  optional Publisher publisher = 9;
+  repeated Label labels = 10;
+
+  enum Type {
+    FICTION = 1;
+    KIDS = 2;
+    ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE = 3;
+    arts_and_photography = 4;
+    I18N_Tech = 5;
+  }
+  optional Type type = 11;
+
+  // Useful for testing JSON snake/camel-case conversions.
+  optional string snake_field = 12;
+
+  // Used to test type not found in type info. Messages defined in other files
+  // are not added when adding Book to type info.
+  optional AnyWrapper type_not_found = 13;
+
+  // Used to test invalid value inside of primitive repeated fields.
+  repeated int32 primitive_repeated = 14;
+
+  extensions 200 to 499;
+}
+
+// A publisher of a book, tests required fields.
+message Publisher {
+  required string name = 1;
+}
+
+// An author of a book
+message Author {
+  optional uint64 id = 1 [json_name = "@id"];
+  optional string name = 2;
+  repeated string pseudonym = 3;
+  optional bool alive = 4;
+  repeated Author friend = 5;
+}
+
+// For testing resiliency of our protostream parser.
+// Field numbers of Author are reused for something else.
+message BadAuthor {
+  optional string id = 1;         // non-length-delimited to length-delimited.
+  repeated uint64 name = 2;       // string to repeated (both length-delimited).
+  optional string pseudonym = 3;  // Repeated to optional.
+  repeated bool alive = 4 [packed = true];  // Optional to repeated.
+}
+
+// All primitive types
+message Primitive {
+  // 32 bit numbers:
+  optional fixed32 fix32 = 1;
+  optional uint32 u32 = 2;
+  optional int32 i32 = 3;
+  optional sfixed32 sf32 = 4;
+  optional sint32 s32 = 5;
+
+  // 64 bit numbers:
+  optional fixed64 fix64 = 6;
+  optional uint64 u64 = 7;
+  optional int64 i64 = 8;
+  optional sfixed64 sf64 = 9;
+  optional sint64 s64 = 10;
+
+  // The other stuff.
+  optional string str = 11;
+  optional bytes bytes = 12;
+  optional float float = 13;
+  optional double double = 14;
+  optional bool bool = 15;
+
+  // repeated 32 bit numbers:
+  repeated fixed32 rep_fix32 = 16;
+  repeated uint32 rep_u32 = 17;
+  repeated int32 rep_i32 = 18;
+  repeated sfixed32 rep_sf32 = 19;
+  repeated sint32 rep_s32 = 20;
+
+  // repeated 64 bit numbers:
+  repeated fixed64 rep_fix64 = 21;
+  repeated uint64 rep_u64 = 22;
+  repeated int64 rep_i64 = 23;
+  repeated sfixed64 rep_sf64 = 24;
+  repeated sint64 rep_s64 = 25;
+
+  // repeated other stuff:
+  repeated string rep_str = 26;
+  repeated bytes rep_bytes = 27;
+  repeated float rep_float = 28;
+  repeated double rep_double = 29;
+  repeated bool rep_bool = 30;
+}
+
+// Test packed versions of all repeated primitives.
+// The field numbers should match their non-packed version in Primitive message.
+message PackedPrimitive {
+  // repeated 32 bit numbers:
+  repeated fixed32 rep_fix32 = 16 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint32 rep_u32 = 17 [packed = true];
+  repeated int32 rep_i32 = 18 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 rep_sf32 = 19 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint32 rep_s32 = 20 [packed = true];
+
+  // repeated 64 bit numbers:
+  repeated fixed64 rep_fix64 = 21 [packed = true];
+  repeated uint64 rep_u64 = 22 [packed = true];
+  repeated int64 rep_i64 = 23 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 rep_sf64 = 24 [packed = true];
+  repeated sint64 rep_s64 = 25 [packed = true];
+
+  // repeated other stuff:
+  repeated float rep_float = 28 [packed = true];
+  repeated double rep_double = 29 [packed = true];
+  repeated bool rep_bool = 30 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// Test extensions.
+extend Book {
+  repeated Author more_author = 201;
+}
+
+// Test nested extensions.
+message NestedBook {
+  extend Book {
+    optional NestedBook another_book = 301;
+  }
+  // Recurse
+  optional Book book = 1;
+}
+
+// For testing resiliency of our protostream parser.
+// Field number of NestedBook is reused for something else.
+message BadNestedBook {
+  repeated uint32 book = 1 [packed = true];  // Packed to optional message.
+}
+
+// A recursively defined message.
+message Cyclic {
+  optional int32 m_int = 1;
+  optional string m_str = 2;
+  optional Book m_book = 3;
+  repeated Author m_author = 5;
+  optional Cyclic m_cyclic = 4;
+}
+
+// Test that two messages can have different fields mapped to the same JSON
+// name. See: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/1415
+message TestJsonName1 {
+  optional int32 one_value = 1 [json_name = "value"];
+}
+message TestJsonName2 {
+  optional int32 another_value = 1 [json_name = "value"];
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79ce14438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package proto_util_converter.testing;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+message DefaultValueTestCases {
+  DoubleMessage empty_double = 1;
+  DoubleMessage double_with_default_value = 2;
+  DoubleMessage double_with_nondefault_value = 3;
+  DoubleMessage repeated_double = 4;
+  DoubleMessage nested_message = 5;
+  DoubleMessage repeated_nested_message = 6;
+  DoubleMessage double_message_with_oneof = 7;
+  StructMessage empty_struct = 201;
+  StructMessage empty_struct2 = 202;
+  StructMessage struct_with_null_value = 203;
+  StructMessage struct_with_values = 204;
+  StructMessage struct_with_nested_struct = 205;
+  StructMessage struct_with_nested_list = 206;
+  StructMessage struct_with_list_of_nulls = 207;
+  StructMessage struct_with_list_of_lists = 208;
+  StructMessage struct_with_list_of_structs = 209;
+  google.protobuf.Struct top_level_struct = 210;
+  ValueMessage value_wrapper_simple = 212;
+  ValueMessage value_wrapper_with_struct = 213;
+  ValueMessage value_wrapper_with_list = 214;
+  ListValueMessage list_value_wrapper = 215;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_simple = 216;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_with_struct = 217;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_with_list = 218;
+  google.protobuf.ListValue top_level_listvalue = 219;
+  AnyMessage empty_any = 301;
+  AnyMessage type_only_any = 302;
+  AnyMessage recursive_any = 303;
+  AnyMessage any_with_message_value = 304;
+  AnyMessage any_with_nested_message = 305;
+  AnyMessage any_with_message_containing_map = 306;
+  AnyMessage any_with_message_containing_struct = 307;
+  google.protobuf.Any top_level_any = 308;
+  StringtoIntMap empty_map = 401;
+  StringtoIntMap string_to_int = 402;
+  IntToStringMap int_to_string = 403;
+  MixedMap mixed1 = 404;
+  MixedMap2 mixed2 = 405;
+  MixedMap2 empty_mixed2 = 406;
+  MessageMap map_of_objects = 407;
+  MixedMap mixed_empty = 408;
+  MessageMap message_map_empty = 409;
+  DoubleValueMessage double_value = 501;
+  DoubleValueMessage double_value_default = 502;
+}
+
+message DoubleMessage {
+  double double_value = 1;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 2;
+  DoubleMessage nested_message = 3;
+  repeated DoubleMessage repeated_nested_message = 4;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_wrapper = 100;
+  oneof value {
+    string str_value = 112;
+    int64 num_value = 113;
+  }
+}
+
+message StructMessage {
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct = 1;
+}
+
+message ValueMessage {
+  google.protobuf.Value value = 1;
+}
+
+message ListValueMessage {
+  google.protobuf.ListValue shopping_list = 1;
+}
+message RequestMessage {
+  string content = 1;
+}
+
+// A test service.
+service DefaultValueTestService {
+  // A test method.
+  rpc Call(RequestMessage) returns (DefaultValueTestCases);
+}
+
+message AnyMessage {
+  google.protobuf.Any any = 1;
+  AnyData data = 2;
+}
+
+message AnyData {
+  int32 attr = 1;
+  string str = 2;
+  repeated string msgs = 3;
+  AnyData nested_data = 4;
+  map<string, string> map_data = 7;
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct_data = 8;
+  repeated AnyData repeated_data = 9;
+}
+
+message StringtoIntMap {
+  map<string, int32> map = 1;
+}
+
+message IntToStringMap {
+  map<int32, string> map = 1;
+}
+
+message MixedMap {
+  string msg = 1;
+  map<string, float> map = 2;
+  int32 int_value = 3;
+}
+
+message MixedMap2 {
+  enum E {
+    E0 = 0;
+    E1 = 1;
+    E2 = 2;
+    E3 = 3;
+  }
+  map<int32, bool> map = 1;
+  E ee = 2;
+  string msg = 4;
+}
+
+message MessageMap {
+  message M {
+    int32 inner_int = 1;
+    string inner_text = 2;
+  }
+  map<string, M> map = 1;
+}
+
+message DoubleValueMessage {
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value_test.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af755d3da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package proto_util_converter.testing;
+
+message DefaultValueTest {
+  double double_value = 1;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 2;
+  float float_value = 3;
+  int64 int64_value = 5;
+  uint64 uint64_value = 7;
+  int32 int32_value = 9;
+  uint32 uint32_value = 11;
+  bool bool_value = 13;
+  string string_value = 15;
+  bytes bytes_value = 17 [ctype = CORD];
+
+  enum EnumDefault {
+    ENUM_FIRST = 0;
+    ENUM_SECOND = 1;
+    ENUM_THIRD = 2;
+  }
+  EnumDefault enum_value = 18;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d2bc4004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package proto_util_converter.testing;
+
+import "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto";
+
+message NestedFieldMask {
+  string data = 1;
+  google.protobuf.FieldMask single_mask = 2;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FieldMask repeated_mask = 3;
+}
+
+message FieldMaskTest {
+  string id = 1;
+  google.protobuf.FieldMask single_mask = 2;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FieldMask repeated_mask = 3;
+  repeated NestedFieldMask nested_mask = 4;
+}
+
+message FieldMaskTestCases {
+  FieldMaskWrapper single_mask = 1;
+  FieldMaskWrapper multiple_mask = 2;
+  FieldMaskWrapper snake_camel = 3;
+  FieldMaskWrapper empty_field = 4;
+  FieldMaskWrapper apiary_format1 = 5;
+  FieldMaskWrapper apiary_format2 = 6;
+  FieldMaskWrapper apiary_format3 = 7;
+  FieldMaskWrapper map_key1 = 8;
+  FieldMaskWrapper map_key2 = 9;
+  FieldMaskWrapper map_key3 = 10;
+  FieldMaskWrapper map_key4 = 11;
+  FieldMaskWrapper map_key5 = 12;
+}
+
+message FieldMaskWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.FieldMask mask = 1;
+}
+
+service FieldMaskTestService {
+  rpc Call(FieldMaskTestCases) returns (FieldMaskTestCases);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9fdbe63a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package proto_util_converter.testing;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+
+// Top-level test cases proto used by MarshallingTest. See description
+// at the top of the class MarshallingTest for details on how to write
+// test cases.
+message MapsTestCases {
+  EmptyMap empty_map = 1;
+  StringtoInt string_to_int = 2;
+  IntToString int_to_string = 3;
+  Mixed1 mixed1 = 4;
+  Mixed2 mixed2 = 5;
+  MapOfObjects map_of_objects = 6;
+
+  // Empty key tests
+  StringtoInt empty_key_string_to_int1 = 7;
+  StringtoInt empty_key_string_to_int2 = 8;
+  StringtoInt empty_key_string_to_int3 = 9;
+  BoolToString empty_key_bool_to_string = 10;
+  IntToString empty_key_int_to_string = 11;
+  Mixed1 empty_key_mixed = 12;
+  MapOfObjects empty_key_map_objects = 13;
+}
+
+message EmptyMap {
+  map<int32, int32> map = 1;
+}
+
+message StringtoInt {
+  map<string, int32> map = 1;
+}
+
+message IntToString {
+  map<int32, string> map = 1;
+}
+
+message BoolToString {
+  map<bool, string> map = 1;
+}
+
+message Mixed1 {
+  string msg = 1;
+  map<string, float> map = 2;
+}
+
+message Mixed2 {
+  enum E {
+    E0 = 0;
+    E1 = 1;
+    E2 = 2;
+    E3 = 3;
+  }
+  map<int32, bool> map = 1;
+  E ee = 2;
+}
+
+message MapOfObjects {
+  message M {
+    string inner_text = 1;
+  }
+  map<string, M> map = 1;
+}
+
+message DummyRequest {}
+
+service MapsTestService {
+  rpc Call(DummyRequest) returns (MapsTestCases);
+}
+
+message MapIn {
+  string other = 1;
+  repeated string things = 2;
+  map<string, string> map_input = 3;
+  map<string, google.protobuf.Any> map_any = 4;
+}
+
+message MapOut {
+  map<string, MapM> map1 = 1;
+  map<string, MapOut> map2 = 2;
+  map<int32, string> map3 = 3;
+  map<bool, string> map4 = 5;
+  string bar = 4;
+}
+
+// A message with exactly the same wire representation as MapOut, but using
+// repeated message fields instead of map fields. We use this message to test
+// the wire-format compatibility of the JSON transcoder (e.g., whether it
+// handles missing keys correctly).
+message MapOutWireFormat {
+  message Map1Entry {
+    string key = 1;
+    MapM value = 2;
+  }
+  repeated Map1Entry map1 = 1;
+  message Map2Entry {
+    string key = 1;
+    MapOut value = 2;
+  }
+  repeated Map2Entry map2 = 2;
+  message Map3Entry {
+    int32 key = 1;
+    string value = 2;
+  }
+  repeated Map3Entry map3 = 3;
+  message Map4Entry {
+    bool key = 1;
+    string value = 2;
+  }
+  repeated Map4Entry map4 = 5;
+  string bar = 4;
+}
+
+message MapM {
+  string foo = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7706af0bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Proto to test proto3 oneofs.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package proto_util_converter.testing.oneofs;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+
+message OneOfsRequest {
+  string value = 1;
+  oneof data {
+    string str_data = 2;
+    int32 int_data = 3;
+    // Simple message
+    Data message_data = 4;
+    MoreData more_data = 5;
+    // Well known types
+    google.protobuf.Struct struct_data = 6;
+    google.protobuf.Value value_data = 7;
+    google.protobuf.ListValue list_value_data = 8;
+    google.protobuf.Timestamp ts_data = 9;
+  }
+  google.protobuf.Any any_data = 19;
+}
+
+message RequestWithSimpleOneof {
+  string value = 1;
+  oneof data {
+    string str_data = 2;
+    int32 int_data = 3;
+    Data message_data = 4;
+    MoreData more_data = 5;
+  }
+}
+
+message Data {
+  int32 data_value = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreData {
+  string str_value = 1;
+}
+
+message Response {
+  string value = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01434b024
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package proto_util_converter.testing;
+
+message Proto3Message {
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+  }
+  NestedEnum enum_value = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a50ea87f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package proto_util_converter.testing;
+
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+
+message StructTestCases {
+  StructWrapper empty_value = 1;
+  StructWrapper empty_value2 = 2;
+  StructWrapper null_value = 3;
+  StructWrapper simple_struct = 4;
+  StructWrapper longer_struct = 5;
+  StructWrapper struct_with_nested_struct = 6;
+  StructWrapper struct_with_nested_list = 7;
+  StructWrapper struct_with_list_of_nulls = 8;
+  StructWrapper struct_with_list_of_lists = 9;
+  StructWrapper struct_with_list_of_structs = 10;
+  StructWrapper struct_with_empty_list = 11;
+  StructWrapper struct_with_list_with_empty_struct = 12;
+  google.protobuf.Struct top_level_struct = 13;
+  google.protobuf.Struct top_level_struct_with_empty_list = 14;
+  google.protobuf.Struct top_level_struct_with_list_with_empty_struct = 15;
+  ValueWrapper value_wrapper_simple = 16;
+  ValueWrapper value_wrapper_with_struct = 17;
+  ValueWrapper value_wrapper_with_list = 18;
+  ValueWrapper value_wrapper_with_empty_list = 19;
+  ValueWrapper value_wrapper_with_list_with_empty_struct = 20;
+  ListValueWrapper list_value_wrapper = 21;
+  ListValueWrapper list_value_wrapper_with_empty_list = 22;
+  ListValueWrapper list_value_wrapper_with_list_with_empty_struct = 23;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_simple = 24;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_with_struct = 25;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_with_list = 26;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_with_empty_list = 27;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_with_list_with_empty_struct = 28;
+  google.protobuf.ListValue top_level_listvalue = 29;
+  google.protobuf.ListValue top_level_empty_listvalue = 30;
+  google.protobuf.ListValue top_level_listvalue_with_empty_struct = 31;
+  RepeatedValueWrapper repeated_value = 32;
+  RepeatedValueWrapper repeated_value_nested_list = 33;
+  RepeatedValueWrapper repeated_value_nested_list2 = 34;
+  RepeatedValueWrapper repeated_value_nested_list3 = 35;
+  RepeatedListValueWrapper repeated_listvalue = 36;
+  MapOfStruct map_of_struct = 37;
+  MapOfStruct map_of_struct_value = 38;
+  MapOfStruct map_of_listvalue = 39;
+}
+
+message StructWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct = 1;
+}
+
+message ValueWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.Value value = 1;
+}
+
+message RepeatedValueWrapper {
+  repeated google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
+}
+
+message ListValueWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.ListValue shopping_list = 1;
+}
+
+message RepeatedListValueWrapper {
+  repeated google.protobuf.ListValue dimensions = 1;
+}
+
+message MapOfStruct {
+  map<string, google.protobuf.Struct> struct_map = 1;
+  map<string, google.protobuf.Value> value_map = 2;
+  map<string, google.protobuf.ListValue> listvalue_map = 3;
+}
+
+// Hack to test return types with Struct as top-level message. Struct typers
+// cannot be directly used in API requests. Hence using Dummy as request type.
+message Dummy {
+  string text = 1;
+}
+
+service StructTestService {
+  rpc Call(Dummy) returns (StructTestCases);
+}
+
+message StructType {
+  google.protobuf.Struct object = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e87bdd2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package proto_util_converter.testing;
+
+import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+
+message TimestampDurationTestCases {
+  // Timestamp tests
+  TimeStampType epoch = 1;
+  TimeStampType epoch2 = 2;
+  TimeStampType mintime = 3;
+  TimeStampType maxtime = 4;
+  TimeStampType timeval1 = 5;
+  TimeStampType timeval2 = 6;
+  TimeStampType timeval3 = 7;
+  TimeStampType timeval4 = 8;
+  TimeStampType timeval5 = 9;
+  TimeStampType timeval6 = 10;
+  TimeStampType timeval7 = 11;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp timeval8 = 12;
+
+  // Duration tests
+  DurationType zero_duration = 101;
+  DurationType min_duration = 102;
+  DurationType max_duration = 103;
+  DurationType duration1 = 104;
+  DurationType duration2 = 105;
+  DurationType duration3 = 106;
+  DurationType duration4 = 107;
+  google.protobuf.Duration duration5 = 108;
+}
+
+message TimeStampType {
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 1;
+}
+
+message DurationType {
+  google.protobuf.Duration duration = 1;
+}
+
+service TimestampDurationTestService {
+  rpc Call(TimestampDurationTestCases) returns (TimestampDurationTestCases);
+}
+
+message TimestampDuration {
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp ts = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Duration dur = 2;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Timestamp rep_ts = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7a0541df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package proto_util_converter.testing;
+
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+// Top-level test cases proto used by MarshallingTest. See description
+// at the top of the class MarshallingTest for details on how to write
+// test cases.
+message WrappersTestCases {
+  DoubleWrapper double_wrapper = 1;
+  FloatWrapper float_wrapper = 2;
+  Int64Wrapper int64_wrapper = 3;
+  UInt64Wrapper uint64_wrapper = 4;
+  Int32Wrapper int32_wrapper = 5;
+  UInt32Wrapper uint32_wrapper = 6;
+  BoolWrapper bool_wrapper = 7;
+  StringWrapper string_wrapper = 8;
+  BytesWrapper bytes_wrapper = 9;
+
+  DoubleWrapper double_wrapper_default = 10;
+  FloatWrapper float_wrapper_default = 11;
+  Int64Wrapper int64_wrapper_default = 12;
+  UInt64Wrapper uint64_wrapper_default = 13;
+  Int32Wrapper int32_wrapper_default = 14;
+  UInt32Wrapper uint32_wrapper_default = 15;
+  BoolWrapper bool_wrapper_default = 16;
+  StringWrapper string_wrapper_default = 17;
+  BytesWrapper bytes_wrapper_default = 18;
+}
+
+message DoubleWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double = 1;
+}
+
+message FloatWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.FloatValue float = 1;
+}
+
+message Int64Wrapper {
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64 = 1;
+}
+
+message UInt64Wrapper {
+  google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64 = 1;
+}
+
+message Int32Wrapper {
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value int32 = 1;
+}
+
+message UInt32Wrapper {
+  google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32 = 1;
+}
+
+message BoolWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.BoolValue bool = 1;
+}
+
+message StringWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.StringValue string = 1;
+}
+
+message BytesWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes = 1;
+}
+
+service WrappersTestService {
+  rpc Call(WrappersTestCases) returns (WrappersTestCases);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..818df6417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h>
+
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+namespace {
+// A TypeInfo that looks up information provided by a TypeResolver.
+class TypeInfoForTypeResolver : public TypeInfo {
+ public:
+  explicit TypeInfoForTypeResolver(TypeResolver* type_resolver)
+      : type_resolver_(type_resolver) {}
+
+  virtual ~TypeInfoForTypeResolver() {
+    DeleteCachedTypes(&cached_types_);
+    DeleteCachedTypes(&cached_enums_);
+  }
+
+  util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> ResolveTypeUrl(
+      StringPiece type_url) const override {
+    std::map<StringPiece, StatusOrType>::iterator it =
+        cached_types_.find(type_url);
+    if (it != cached_types_.end()) {
+      return it->second;
+    }
+    // Stores the string value so it can be referenced using StringPiece in the
+    // cached_types_ map.
+    const std::string& string_type_url =
+        *string_storage_.insert(std::string(type_url)).first;
+    std::unique_ptr<google::protobuf::Type> type(new google::protobuf::Type());
+    util::Status status =
+        type_resolver_->ResolveMessageType(string_type_url, type.get());
+    StatusOrType result =
+        status.ok() ? StatusOrType(type.release()) : StatusOrType(status);
+    cached_types_[string_type_url] = result;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Type* GetTypeByTypeUrl(
+      StringPiece type_url) const override {
+    StatusOrType result = ResolveTypeUrl(type_url);
+    return result.ok() ? result.ValueOrDie() : NULL;
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Enum* GetEnumByTypeUrl(
+      StringPiece type_url) const override {
+    std::map<StringPiece, StatusOrEnum>::iterator it =
+        cached_enums_.find(type_url);
+    if (it != cached_enums_.end()) {
+      return it->second.ok() ? it->second.ValueOrDie() : NULL;
+    }
+    // Stores the string value so it can be referenced using StringPiece in the
+    // cached_enums_ map.
+    const std::string& string_type_url =
+        *string_storage_.insert(std::string(type_url)).first;
+    std::unique_ptr<google::protobuf::Enum> enum_type(
+        new google::protobuf::Enum());
+    util::Status status =
+        type_resolver_->ResolveEnumType(string_type_url, enum_type.get());
+    StatusOrEnum result =
+        status.ok() ? StatusOrEnum(enum_type.release()) : StatusOrEnum(status);
+    cached_enums_[string_type_url] = result;
+    return result.ok() ? result.ValueOrDie() : NULL;
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Field* FindField(
+      const google::protobuf::Type* type,
+      StringPiece camel_case_name) const override {
+    std::map<const google::protobuf::Type*, CamelCaseNameTable>::const_iterator
+        it = indexed_types_.find(type);
+    const CamelCaseNameTable& camel_case_name_table =
+        (it == indexed_types_.end())
+            ? PopulateNameLookupTable(type, &indexed_types_[type])
+            : it->second;
+    StringPiece name = FindWithDefault(
+        camel_case_name_table, camel_case_name, StringPiece());
+    if (name.empty()) {
+      // Didn't find a mapping. Use whatever provided.
+      name = camel_case_name;
+    }
+    return FindFieldInTypeOrNull(type, name);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  typedef util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> StatusOrType;
+  typedef util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Enum*> StatusOrEnum;
+  typedef std::map<StringPiece, StringPiece> CamelCaseNameTable;
+
+  template <typename T>
+  static void DeleteCachedTypes(std::map<StringPiece, T>* cached_types) {
+    for (typename std::map<StringPiece, T>::iterator it =
+             cached_types->begin();
+         it != cached_types->end(); ++it) {
+      if (it->second.ok()) {
+        delete it->second.ValueOrDie();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const CamelCaseNameTable& PopulateNameLookupTable(
+      const google::protobuf::Type* type,
+      CamelCaseNameTable* camel_case_name_table) const {
+    for (int i = 0; i < type->fields_size(); ++i) {
+      const google::protobuf::Field& field = type->fields(i);
+      StringPiece name = field.name();
+      StringPiece camel_case_name = field.json_name();
+      const StringPiece* existing = InsertOrReturnExisting(
+          camel_case_name_table, camel_case_name, name);
+      if (existing && *existing != name) {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Field '" << name << "' and '" << *existing
+                     << "' map to the same camel case name '" << camel_case_name
+                     << "'.";
+      }
+    }
+    return *camel_case_name_table;
+  }
+
+  TypeResolver* type_resolver_;
+
+  // Stores string values that will be referenced by StringPieces in
+  // cached_types_, cached_enums_.
+  mutable std::set<std::string> string_storage_;
+
+  mutable std::map<StringPiece, StatusOrType> cached_types_;
+  mutable std::map<StringPiece, StatusOrEnum> cached_enums_;
+
+  mutable std::map<const google::protobuf::Type*, CamelCaseNameTable>
+      indexed_types_;
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+TypeInfo* TypeInfo::NewTypeInfo(TypeResolver* type_resolver) {
+  return new TypeInfoForTypeResolver(type_resolver);
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb5c8576a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_TYPE_INFO_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_TYPE_INFO_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+// Must be included last.
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+// Internal helper class for type resolving. Note that this class is not
+// thread-safe and should only be accessed in one thread.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT TypeInfo {
+ public:
+  TypeInfo() {}
+  virtual ~TypeInfo() {}
+
+  // Resolves a type url into a Type. If the type url is invalid, returns
+  // INVALID_ARGUMENT error status. If the type url is valid but the
+  // corresponding type cannot be found, returns a NOT_FOUND error status.
+  //
+  // This TypeInfo class retains the ownership of the returned pointer.
+  virtual util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> ResolveTypeUrl(
+      StringPiece type_url) const = 0;
+
+  // Resolves a type url into a Type. Like ResolveTypeUrl() but returns
+  // NULL if the type url is invalid or the type cannot be found.
+  //
+  // This TypeInfo class retains the ownership of the returned pointer.
+  virtual const google::protobuf::Type* GetTypeByTypeUrl(
+      StringPiece type_url) const = 0;
+
+  // Resolves a type url for an enum. Returns NULL if the type url is
+  // invalid or the type cannot be found.
+  //
+  // This TypeInfo class retains the ownership of the returned pointer.
+  virtual const google::protobuf::Enum* GetEnumByTypeUrl(
+      StringPiece type_url) const = 0;
+
+  // Looks up a field in the specified type given a CamelCase name.
+  virtual const google::protobuf::Field* FindField(
+      const google::protobuf::Type* type,
+      StringPiece camel_case_name) const = 0;
+
+  // Creates a TypeInfo object that looks up type information from a
+  // TypeResolver. Caller takes ownership of the returned pointer.
+  static TypeInfo* NewTypeInfo(TypeResolver* type_resolver);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(TypeInfo);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_TYPE_INFO_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc2dcd73c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+namespace testing {
+
+
+void TypeInfoTestHelper::ResetTypeInfo(
+    const std::vector<const Descriptor*>& descriptors) {
+  switch (type_) {
+    case USE_TYPE_RESOLVER: {
+      const DescriptorPool* pool = descriptors[0]->file()->pool();
+      for (int i = 1; i < descriptors.size(); ++i) {
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(pool == descriptors[i]->file()->pool())
+            << "Descriptors from different pools are not supported.";
+      }
+      type_resolver_.reset(
+          NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(kTypeServiceBaseUrl, pool));
+      typeinfo_.reset(TypeInfo::NewTypeInfo(type_resolver_.get()));
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can not reach here.";
+}
+
+void TypeInfoTestHelper::ResetTypeInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  std::vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+  descriptors.push_back(descriptor);
+  ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+}
+
+void TypeInfoTestHelper::ResetTypeInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor1,
+                                       const Descriptor* descriptor2) {
+  std::vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+  descriptors.push_back(descriptor1);
+  descriptors.push_back(descriptor2);
+  ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+}
+
+TypeInfo* TypeInfoTestHelper::GetTypeInfo() { return typeinfo_.get(); }
+
+ProtoStreamObjectSource* TypeInfoTestHelper::NewProtoSource(
+    io::CodedInputStream* coded_input, const std::string& type_url) {
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = typeinfo_->GetTypeByTypeUrl(type_url);
+  switch (type_) {
+    case USE_TYPE_RESOLVER: {
+      return new ProtoStreamObjectSource(coded_input, type_resolver_.get(),
+                                         *type);
+    }
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can not reach here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter* TypeInfoTestHelper::NewProtoWriter(
+    const std::string& type_url, strings::ByteSink* output,
+    ErrorListener* listener, const ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Options& options) {
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = typeinfo_->GetTypeByTypeUrl(type_url);
+  switch (type_) {
+    case USE_TYPE_RESOLVER: {
+      return new ProtoStreamObjectWriter(type_resolver_.get(), *type, output,
+                                         listener, options);
+    }
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can not reach here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* TypeInfoTestHelper::NewDefaultValueWriter(
+    const std::string& type_url, ObjectWriter* writer) {
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = typeinfo_->GetTypeByTypeUrl(type_url);
+  switch (type_) {
+    case USE_TYPE_RESOLVER: {
+      return new DefaultValueObjectWriter(type_resolver_.get(), *type, writer);
+    }
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can not reach here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+}  // namespace testing
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3cafbceb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_TYPE_INFO_TEST_HELPER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_TYPE_INFO_TEST_HELPER_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+namespace testing {
+
+enum TypeInfoSource {
+  USE_TYPE_RESOLVER,
+};
+
+// In the unit-tests we want to test two scenarios: one with type info from
+// ServiceTypeInfo, the other with type info from TypeResolver. This class
+// wraps the detail of where the type info is from and provides the same
+// interface so the same unit-test code can test both scenarios.
+class TypeInfoTestHelper {
+ public:
+  explicit TypeInfoTestHelper(TypeInfoSource type) : type_(type) {}
+
+  // Creates a TypeInfo object for the given set of descriptors.
+  void ResetTypeInfo(const std::vector<const Descriptor*>& descriptors);
+
+  // Convinent overloads.
+  void ResetTypeInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+  void ResetTypeInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor1,
+                     const Descriptor* descriptor2);
+
+  // Returns the TypeInfo created after ResetTypeInfo.
+  TypeInfo* GetTypeInfo();
+
+  ProtoStreamObjectSource* NewProtoSource(io::CodedInputStream* coded_input,
+                                          const std::string& type_url);
+
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriter* NewProtoWriter(
+      const std::string& type_url, strings::ByteSink* output,
+      ErrorListener* listener, const ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Options& options);
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* NewDefaultValueWriter(const std::string& type_url,
+                                                  ObjectWriter* writer);
+
+ private:
+  TypeInfoSource type_;
+  std::unique_ptr<TypeInfo> typeinfo_;
+  std::unique_ptr<TypeResolver> type_resolver_;
+};
+}  // namespace testing
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_TYPE_INFO_TEST_HELPER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3cdbcb12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+
+// clang-format off
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+// clang-format on
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+bool GetBoolOptionOrDefault(
+    const RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    StringPiece option_name, bool default_value) {
+  const google::protobuf::Option* opt = FindOptionOrNull(options, option_name);
+  if (opt == nullptr) {
+    return default_value;
+  }
+  return GetBoolFromAny(opt->value());
+}
+
+int64 GetInt64OptionOrDefault(
+    const RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    StringPiece option_name, int64 default_value) {
+  const google::protobuf::Option* opt = FindOptionOrNull(options, option_name);
+  if (opt == nullptr) {
+    return default_value;
+  }
+  return GetInt64FromAny(opt->value());
+}
+
+double GetDoubleOptionOrDefault(
+    const RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    StringPiece option_name, double default_value) {
+  const google::protobuf::Option* opt = FindOptionOrNull(options, option_name);
+  if (opt == nullptr) {
+    return default_value;
+  }
+  return GetDoubleFromAny(opt->value());
+}
+
+std::string GetStringOptionOrDefault(
+    const RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    StringPiece option_name, StringPiece default_value) {
+  const google::protobuf::Option* opt = FindOptionOrNull(options, option_name);
+  if (opt == nullptr) {
+    return std::string(default_value);
+  }
+  return GetStringFromAny(opt->value());
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void ParseFromAny(const std::string& data, T* result) {
+  result->ParseFromString(data);
+}
+
+// Returns a boolean value contained in Any type.
+// TODO(skarvaje): Add type checking & error messages here.
+bool GetBoolFromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any) {
+  google::protobuf::BoolValue b;
+  ParseFromAny(any.value(), &b);
+  return b.value();
+}
+
+int64 GetInt64FromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any) {
+  google::protobuf::Int64Value i;
+  ParseFromAny(any.value(), &i);
+  return i.value();
+}
+
+double GetDoubleFromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any) {
+  google::protobuf::DoubleValue i;
+  ParseFromAny(any.value(), &i);
+  return i.value();
+}
+
+std::string GetStringFromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any) {
+  google::protobuf::StringValue s;
+  ParseFromAny(any.value(), &s);
+  return s.value();
+}
+
+const StringPiece GetTypeWithoutUrl(StringPiece type_url) {
+  if (type_url.size() > kTypeUrlSize && type_url[kTypeUrlSize] == '/') {
+    return type_url.substr(kTypeUrlSize + 1);
+  } else {
+    size_t idx = type_url.rfind('/');
+    if (idx != type_url.npos) {
+      type_url.remove_prefix(idx + 1);
+    }
+    return type_url;
+  }
+}
+
+const std::string GetFullTypeWithUrl(StringPiece simple_type) {
+  return StrCat(kTypeServiceBaseUrl, "/", simple_type);
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Option* FindOptionOrNull(
+    const RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    StringPiece option_name) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
+    const google::protobuf::Option& opt = options.Get(i);
+    if (opt.name() == option_name) {
+      return &opt;
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Field* FindFieldInTypeOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type, StringPiece field_name) {
+  if (type != nullptr) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < type->fields_size(); ++i) {
+      const google::protobuf::Field& field = type->fields(i);
+      if (field.name() == field_name) {
+        return &field;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Field* FindJsonFieldInTypeOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type, StringPiece json_name) {
+  if (type != nullptr) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < type->fields_size(); ++i) {
+      const google::protobuf::Field& field = type->fields(i);
+      if (field.json_name() == json_name) {
+        return &field;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Field* FindFieldInTypeByNumberOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type, int32 number) {
+  if (type != nullptr) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < type->fields_size(); ++i) {
+      const google::protobuf::Field& field = type->fields(i);
+      if (field.number() == number) {
+        return &field;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNameOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type, StringPiece enum_name) {
+  if (enum_type != nullptr) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < enum_type->enumvalue_size(); ++i) {
+      const google::protobuf::EnumValue& enum_value = enum_type->enumvalue(i);
+      if (enum_value.name() == enum_name) {
+        return &enum_value;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNumberOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type, int32 value) {
+  if (enum_type != nullptr) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < enum_type->enumvalue_size(); ++i) {
+      const google::protobuf::EnumValue& enum_value = enum_type->enumvalue(i);
+      if (enum_value.number() == value) {
+        return &enum_value;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNameWithoutUnderscoreOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type, StringPiece enum_name) {
+  if (enum_type != nullptr) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < enum_type->enumvalue_size(); ++i) {
+      const google::protobuf::EnumValue& enum_value = enum_type->enumvalue(i);
+      std::string enum_name_without_underscore = enum_value.name();
+
+      // Remove underscore from the name.
+      enum_name_without_underscore.erase(
+          std::remove(enum_name_without_underscore.begin(),
+                      enum_name_without_underscore.end(), '_'),
+          enum_name_without_underscore.end());
+      // Make the name uppercase.
+      for (std::string::iterator it = enum_name_without_underscore.begin();
+           it != enum_name_without_underscore.end(); ++it) {
+        *it = ascii_toupper(*it);
+      }
+
+      if (enum_name_without_underscore == enum_name) {
+        return &enum_value;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::string EnumValueNameToLowerCamelCase(StringPiece input) {
+  std::string input_string(input);
+  std::transform(input_string.begin(), input_string.end(), input_string.begin(),
+                 ::tolower);
+  return ToCamelCase(input_string);
+}
+
+std::string ToCamelCase(StringPiece input) {
+  bool capitalize_next = false;
+  bool was_cap = true;
+  bool is_cap = false;
+  bool first_word = true;
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(input.size());
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < input.size(); ++i, was_cap = is_cap) {
+    is_cap = ascii_isupper(input[i]);
+    if (input[i] == '_') {
+      capitalize_next = true;
+      if (!result.empty()) first_word = false;
+      continue;
+    } else if (first_word) {
+      // Consider when the current character B is capitalized,
+      // first word ends when:
+      // 1) following a lowercase:   "...aB..."
+      // 2) followed by a lowercase: "...ABc..."
+      if (!result.empty() && is_cap &&
+          (!was_cap || (i + 1 < input.size() && ascii_islower(input[i + 1])))) {
+        first_word = false;
+        result.push_back(input[i]);
+      } else {
+        result.push_back(ascii_tolower(input[i]));
+        continue;
+      }
+    } else if (capitalize_next) {
+      capitalize_next = false;
+      if (ascii_islower(input[i])) {
+        result.push_back(ascii_toupper(input[i]));
+        continue;
+      } else {
+        result.push_back(input[i]);
+        continue;
+      }
+    } else {
+      result.push_back(ascii_tolower(input[i]));
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string ToSnakeCase(StringPiece input) {
+  bool was_not_underscore = false;  // Initialize to false for case 1 (below)
+  bool was_not_cap = false;
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(input.size() << 1);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < input.size(); ++i) {
+    if (ascii_isupper(input[i])) {
+      // Consider when the current character B is capitalized:
+      // 1) At beginning of input:   "B..." => "b..."
+      //    (e.g. "Biscuit" => "biscuit")
+      // 2) Following a lowercase:   "...aB..." => "...a_b..."
+      //    (e.g. "gBike" => "g_bike")
+      // 3) At the end of input:     "...AB" => "...ab"
+      //    (e.g. "GoogleLAB" => "google_lab")
+      // 4) Followed by a lowercase: "...ABc..." => "...a_bc..."
+      //    (e.g. "GBike" => "g_bike")
+      if (was_not_underscore &&               //            case 1 out
+          (was_not_cap ||                     // case 2 in, case 3 out
+           (i + 1 < input.size() &&           //            case 3 out
+            ascii_islower(input[i + 1])))) {  // case 4 in
+        // We add an underscore for case 2 and case 4.
+        result.push_back('_');
+      }
+      result.push_back(ascii_tolower(input[i]));
+      was_not_underscore = true;
+      was_not_cap = false;
+    } else {
+      result.push_back(input[i]);
+      was_not_underscore = input[i] != '_';
+      was_not_cap = true;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::set<std::string>* well_known_types_ = NULL;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag well_known_types_init_;
+const char* well_known_types_name_array_[] = {
+    "google.protobuf.Timestamp",   "google.protobuf.Duration",
+    "google.protobuf.DoubleValue", "google.protobuf.FloatValue",
+    "google.protobuf.Int64Value",  "google.protobuf.UInt64Value",
+    "google.protobuf.Int32Value",  "google.protobuf.UInt32Value",
+    "google.protobuf.BoolValue",   "google.protobuf.StringValue",
+    "google.protobuf.BytesValue",  "google.protobuf.FieldMask"};
+
+void DeleteWellKnownTypes() { delete well_known_types_; }
+
+void InitWellKnownTypes() {
+  well_known_types_ = new std::set<std::string>;
+  for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(well_known_types_name_array_); ++i) {
+    well_known_types_->insert(well_known_types_name_array_[i]);
+  }
+  google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&DeleteWellKnownTypes);
+}
+
+bool IsWellKnownType(const std::string& type_name) {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::call_once(well_known_types_init_,
+                                             InitWellKnownTypes);
+  return ContainsKey(*well_known_types_, type_name);
+}
+
+bool IsValidBoolString(StringPiece bool_string) {
+  return bool_string == "true" || bool_string == "false" ||
+         bool_string == "1" || bool_string == "0";
+}
+
+bool IsMap(const google::protobuf::Field& field,
+           const google::protobuf::Type& type) {
+  return field.cardinality() == google::protobuf::Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED &&
+         (GetBoolOptionOrDefault(type.options(), "map_entry", false) ||
+          GetBoolOptionOrDefault(type.options(),
+                                 "google.protobuf.MessageOptions.map_entry",
+                                 false));
+}
+
+bool IsMessageSetWireFormat(const google::protobuf::Type& type) {
+  return GetBoolOptionOrDefault(type.options(), "message_set_wire_format",
+                                false) ||
+         GetBoolOptionOrDefault(
+             type.options(),
+             "google.protobuf.MessageOptions.message_set_wire_format", false);
+}
+
+std::string DoubleAsString(double value) {
+  if (value == std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) return "Infinity";
+  if (value == -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) return "-Infinity";
+  if (std::isnan(value)) return "NaN";
+
+  return SimpleDtoa(value);
+}
+
+std::string FloatAsString(float value) {
+  if (std::isfinite(value)) return SimpleFtoa(value);
+  return DoubleAsString(value);
+}
+
+bool SafeStrToFloat(StringPiece str, float* value) {
+  double double_value;
+  if (!safe_strtod(str, &double_value)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (std::isinf(double_value) || std::isnan(double_value)) return false;
+
+  // Fail if the value is not representable in float.
+  if (double_value > std::numeric_limits<float>::max() ||
+      double_value < -std::numeric_limits<float>::max()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  *value = static_cast<float>(double_value);
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ce9023d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_UTILITY_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_UTILITY_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/any.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+// Must be included last.
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// Size of "type.googleapis.com"
+static const int64 kTypeUrlSize = 19;
+
+// Finds the tech option identified by option_name. Parses the boolean value and
+// returns it.
+// When the option with the given name is not found, default_value is returned.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool GetBoolOptionOrDefault(
+    const RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    StringPiece option_name, bool default_value);
+
+// Returns int64 option value. If the option isn't found, returns the
+// default_value.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int64 GetInt64OptionOrDefault(
+    const RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    StringPiece option_name, int64 default_value);
+
+// Returns double option value. If the option isn't found, returns the
+// default_value.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT double GetDoubleOptionOrDefault(
+    const RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    StringPiece option_name, double default_value);
+
+// Returns string option value. If the option isn't found, returns the
+// default_value.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT std::string GetStringOptionOrDefault(
+    const RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    StringPiece option_name, StringPiece default_value);
+
+// Returns a boolean value contained in Any type.
+// TODO(skarvaje): Make these utilities dealing with Any types more generic,
+// add more error checking and move to a more public/sharable location so others
+// can use.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool GetBoolFromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any);
+
+// Returns int64 value contained in Any type.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int64 GetInt64FromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any);
+
+// Returns double value contained in Any type.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT double GetDoubleFromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any);
+
+// Returns string value contained in Any type.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT std::string GetStringFromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any);
+
+// Returns the type string without the url prefix. e.g.: If the passed type is
+// 'type.googleapis.com/tech.type.Bool', the returned value is 'tech.type.Bool'.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT const StringPiece GetTypeWithoutUrl(
+    StringPiece type_url);
+
+// Returns the simple_type with the base type url (kTypeServiceBaseUrl)
+// prefixed.
+//
+// E.g:
+// GetFullTypeWithUrl("google.protobuf.Timestamp") returns the string
+// "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp".
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT const std::string GetFullTypeWithUrl(
+    StringPiece simple_type);
+
+// Finds and returns option identified by name and option_name within the
+// provided map. Returns nullptr if none found.
+const google::protobuf::Option* FindOptionOrNull(
+    const RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    StringPiece option_name);
+
+// Finds and returns the field identified by field_name in the passed tech Type
+// object. Returns nullptr if none found.
+const google::protobuf::Field* FindFieldInTypeOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type, StringPiece field_name);
+
+// Similar to FindFieldInTypeOrNull, but this looks up fields with given
+// json_name.
+const google::protobuf::Field* FindJsonFieldInTypeOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type, StringPiece json_name);
+
+// Similar to FindFieldInTypeOrNull, but this looks up fields by number.
+const google::protobuf::Field* FindFieldInTypeByNumberOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type, int32 number);
+
+// Finds and returns the EnumValue identified by enum_name in the passed tech
+// Enum object. Returns nullptr if none found.
+const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNameOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type, StringPiece enum_name);
+
+// Finds and returns the EnumValue identified by value in the passed tech
+// Enum object. Returns nullptr if none found.
+const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNumberOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type, int32 value);
+
+// Finds and returns the EnumValue identified by enum_name without underscore in
+// the passed tech Enum object. Returns nullptr if none found.
+// For Ex. if enum_name is ACTIONANDADVENTURE it can get accepted if
+// EnumValue's name is action_and_adventure or ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE.
+const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNameWithoutUnderscoreOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type, StringPiece enum_name);
+
+// Converts input to camel-case and returns it.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT std::string ToCamelCase(const StringPiece input);
+
+// Converts enum name string to camel-case and returns it.
+std::string EnumValueNameToLowerCamelCase(const StringPiece input);
+
+// Converts input to snake_case and returns it.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT std::string ToSnakeCase(StringPiece input);
+
+// Returns true if type_name represents a well-known type.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool IsWellKnownType(const std::string& type_name);
+
+// Returns true if 'bool_string' represents a valid boolean value. Only "true",
+// "false", "0" and "1" are allowed.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool IsValidBoolString(StringPiece bool_string);
+
+// Returns true if "field" is a protobuf map field based on its type.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool IsMap(const google::protobuf::Field& field,
+                           const google::protobuf::Type& type);
+
+// Returns true if the given type has special MessageSet wire format.
+bool IsMessageSetWireFormat(const google::protobuf::Type& type);
+
+// Infinity/NaN-aware conversion to string.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT std::string DoubleAsString(double value);
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT std::string FloatAsString(float value);
+
+// Convert from int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double or float to string.
+template <typename T>
+std::string ValueAsString(T value) {
+  return StrCat(value);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline std::string ValueAsString(float value) {
+  return FloatAsString(value);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline std::string ValueAsString(double value) {
+  return DoubleAsString(value);
+}
+
+// Converts a string to float. Unlike safe_strtof, conversion will fail if the
+// value fits into double but not float (e.g., DBL_MAX).
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT bool SafeStrToFloat(StringPiece str, float* value);
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_UTILITY_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_format.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_format.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7434fc3e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_format.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file we will use for unit testing.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+message TestFlagsAndStrings {
+  required int32 A = 1;
+  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 2 {
+    required string f = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestBase64ByteArrays {
+  required bytes a = 1;
+}
+
+message TestJavaScriptJSON {
+  optional int32 a = 1;
+  optional float final = 2;
+  optional string in = 3;
+  optional string Var = 4;
+}
+
+message TestJavaScriptOrderJSON1 {
+  optional int32 d = 1;
+  optional int32 c = 2;
+  optional bool x = 3;
+  optional int32 b = 4;
+  optional int32 a = 5;
+}
+
+message TestJavaScriptOrderJSON2 {
+  optional int32 d = 1;
+  optional int32 c = 2;
+  optional bool x = 3;
+  optional int32 b = 4;
+  optional int32 a = 5;
+  repeated TestJavaScriptOrderJSON1 z = 6;
+}
+
+message TestLargeInt {
+  required int64 a = 1;
+  required uint64 b = 2;
+}
+
+message TestNumbers {
+  enum MyType {
+    OK = 0;
+    WARNING = 1;
+    ERROR = 2;
+  }
+  optional MyType a = 1;
+  optional int32 b = 2;
+  optional float c = 3;
+  optional bool d = 4;
+  optional double e = 5;
+  optional uint32 f = 6;
+}
+
+
+message TestCamelCase {
+  optional string normal_field = 1;
+  optional int32 CAPITAL_FIELD = 2;
+  optional int32 CamelCaseField = 3;
+}
+
+message TestBoolMap {
+  map<bool, int32> bool_map = 1;
+}
+
+message TestRecursion {
+  optional int32 value = 1;
+  optional TestRecursion child = 2;
+}
+
+message TestStringMap {
+  map<string, string> string_map = 1;
+}
+
+message TestStringSerializer {
+  optional string scalar_string = 1;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 2;
+  map<string, string> string_map = 3;
+}
+
+message TestMessageWithExtension {
+  extensions 100 to max;
+}
+
+message TestExtension {
+  extend TestMessageWithExtension {
+    optional TestExtension ext = 100;
+  }
+  optional string value = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b62487a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package proto3;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.util";
+option java_outer_classname = "JsonFormatProto3";
+
+enum EnumType {
+  FOO = 0;
+  BAR = 1;
+}
+
+message MessageType {
+  int32 value = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMessage {
+  bool bool_value = 1;
+  int32 int32_value = 2;
+  int64 int64_value = 3;
+  uint32 uint32_value = 4;
+  uint64 uint64_value = 5;
+  float float_value = 6;
+  double double_value = 7;
+  string string_value = 8;
+  bytes bytes_value = 9;
+  EnumType enum_value = 10;
+  MessageType message_value = 11;
+
+  repeated bool repeated_bool_value = 21;
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32_value = 22;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64_value = 23;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32_value = 24;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64_value = 25;
+  repeated float repeated_float_value = 26;
+  repeated double repeated_double_value = 27;
+  repeated string repeated_string_value = 28;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes_value = 29;
+  repeated EnumType repeated_enum_value = 30;
+  repeated MessageType repeated_message_value = 31;
+}
+
+message TestOneof {
+  // In JSON format oneof fields behave mostly the same as optional
+  // fields except that:
+  //   1. Oneof fields have field presence information and will be
+  //      printed if it's set no matter whether it's the default value.
+  //   2. Multiple oneof fields in the same oneof cannot appear at the
+  //      same time in the input.
+  oneof oneof_value {
+    int32 oneof_int32_value = 1;
+    string oneof_string_value = 2;
+    bytes oneof_bytes_value = 3;
+    EnumType oneof_enum_value = 4;
+    MessageType oneof_message_value = 5;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestMap {
+  map<bool, int32> bool_map = 1;
+  map<int32, int32> int32_map = 2;
+  map<int64, int32> int64_map = 3;
+  map<uint32, int32> uint32_map = 4;
+  map<uint64, int32> uint64_map = 5;
+  map<string, int32> string_map = 6;
+}
+
+message TestNestedMap {
+  map<bool, int32> bool_map = 1;
+  map<int32, int32> int32_map = 2;
+  map<int64, int32> int64_map = 3;
+  map<uint32, int32> uint32_map = 4;
+  map<uint64, int32> uint64_map = 5;
+  map<string, int32> string_map = 6;
+  map<string, TestNestedMap> map_map = 7;
+}
+
+message TestStringMap {
+  map<string, string> string_map = 1;
+}
+
+message TestWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.BoolValue bool_value = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value int32_value = 2;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_value = 3;
+  google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32_value = 4;
+  google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64_value = 5;
+  google.protobuf.FloatValue float_value = 6;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_value = 7;
+  google.protobuf.StringValue string_value = 8;
+  google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes_value = 9;
+
+  repeated google.protobuf.BoolValue repeated_bool_value = 11;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int32Value repeated_int32_value = 12;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int64Value repeated_int64_value = 13;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt32Value repeated_uint32_value = 14;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt64Value repeated_uint64_value = 15;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FloatValue repeated_float_value = 16;
+  repeated google.protobuf.DoubleValue repeated_double_value = 17;
+  repeated google.protobuf.StringValue repeated_string_value = 18;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BytesValue repeated_bytes_value = 19;
+}
+
+message TestTimestamp {
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp value = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Timestamp repeated_value = 2;
+}
+
+message TestDuration {
+  google.protobuf.Duration value = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Duration repeated_value = 2;
+}
+
+message TestFieldMask {
+  google.protobuf.FieldMask value = 1;
+}
+
+message TestStruct {
+  google.protobuf.Struct value = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Struct repeated_value = 2;
+}
+
+message TestAny {
+  google.protobuf.Any value = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Any repeated_value = 2;
+}
+
+message TestValue {
+  google.protobuf.Value value = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Value repeated_value = 2;
+}
+
+message TestListValue {
+  google.protobuf.ListValue value = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.ListValue repeated_value = 2;
+}
+
+message TestBoolValue {
+  bool bool_value = 1;
+  map<bool, int32> bool_map = 2;
+}
+
+message TestCustomJsonName {
+  int32 value = 1 [json_name = "@value"];
+}
+
+message TestExtensions {
+  .protobuf_unittest.TestAllExtensions extensions = 1;
+}
+
+message TestEnumValue {
+  EnumType enum_value1 = 1;
+  EnumType enum_value2 = 2;
+  EnumType enum_value3 = 3;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f3e6c6ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/json_util.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status_macros.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+namespace internal {
+ZeroCopyStreamByteSink::~ZeroCopyStreamByteSink() {
+  if (buffer_size_ > 0) {
+    stream_->BackUp(buffer_size_);
+  }
+}
+
+void ZeroCopyStreamByteSink::Append(const char* bytes, size_t len) {
+  while (true) {
+    if (len <= buffer_size_) {
+      memcpy(buffer_, bytes, len);
+      buffer_ = static_cast<char*>(buffer_) + len;
+      buffer_size_ -= len;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (buffer_size_ > 0) {
+      memcpy(buffer_, bytes, buffer_size_);
+      bytes += buffer_size_;
+      len -= buffer_size_;
+    }
+    if (!stream_->Next(&buffer_, &buffer_size_)) {
+      // There isn't a way for ByteSink to report errors.
+      buffer_size_ = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace internal
+
+util::Status BinaryToJsonStream(TypeResolver* resolver,
+                                  const std::string& type_url,
+                                  io::ZeroCopyInputStream* binary_input,
+                                  io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* json_output,
+                                  const JsonPrintOptions& options) {
+  io::CodedInputStream in_stream(binary_input);
+  google::protobuf::Type type;
+  RETURN_IF_ERROR(resolver->ResolveMessageType(type_url, &type));
+  converter::ProtoStreamObjectSource proto_source(&in_stream, resolver, type);
+  proto_source.set_use_ints_for_enums(options.always_print_enums_as_ints);
+  proto_source.set_preserve_proto_field_names(
+      options.preserve_proto_field_names);
+  io::CodedOutputStream out_stream(json_output);
+  converter::JsonObjectWriter json_writer(options.add_whitespace ? " " : "",
+                                          &out_stream);
+  if (options.always_print_primitive_fields) {
+    converter::DefaultValueObjectWriter default_value_writer(resolver, type,
+                                                             &json_writer);
+    default_value_writer.set_preserve_proto_field_names(
+        options.preserve_proto_field_names);
+    default_value_writer.set_print_enums_as_ints(
+        options.always_print_enums_as_ints);
+    return proto_source.WriteTo(&default_value_writer);
+  } else {
+    return proto_source.WriteTo(&json_writer);
+  }
+}
+
+util::Status BinaryToJsonString(TypeResolver* resolver,
+                                  const std::string& type_url,
+                                  const std::string& binary_input,
+                                  std::string* json_output,
+                                  const JsonPrintOptions& options) {
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(binary_input.data(), binary_input.size());
+  io::StringOutputStream output_stream(json_output);
+  return BinaryToJsonStream(resolver, type_url, &input_stream, &output_stream,
+                            options);
+}
+
+namespace {
+class StatusErrorListener : public converter::ErrorListener {
+ public:
+  StatusErrorListener() {}
+  ~StatusErrorListener() override {}
+
+  util::Status GetStatus() { return status_; }
+
+  void InvalidName(const converter::LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                   StringPiece unknown_name,
+                   StringPiece message) override {
+    std::string loc_string = GetLocString(loc);
+    if (!loc_string.empty()) {
+      loc_string.append(" ");
+    }
+    status_ =
+        util::Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                       StrCat(loc_string, unknown_name, ": ", message));
+  }
+
+  void InvalidValue(const converter::LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                    StringPiece type_name,
+                    StringPiece value) override {
+    status_ = util::Status(
+        util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+        StrCat(GetLocString(loc), ": invalid value ", string(value),
+                     " for type ", string(type_name)));
+  }
+
+  void MissingField(const converter::LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                    StringPiece missing_name) override {
+    status_ = util::Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                             StrCat(GetLocString(loc), ": missing field ",
+                                          std::string(missing_name)));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  util::Status status_;
+
+  std::string GetLocString(const converter::LocationTrackerInterface& loc) {
+    std::string loc_string = loc.ToString();
+    StripWhitespace(&loc_string);
+    if (!loc_string.empty()) {
+      loc_string = StrCat("(", loc_string, ")");
+    }
+    return loc_string;
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(StatusErrorListener);
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+util::Status JsonToBinaryStream(TypeResolver* resolver,
+                                  const std::string& type_url,
+                                  io::ZeroCopyInputStream* json_input,
+                                  io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* binary_output,
+                                  const JsonParseOptions& options) {
+  google::protobuf::Type type;
+  RETURN_IF_ERROR(resolver->ResolveMessageType(type_url, &type));
+  internal::ZeroCopyStreamByteSink sink(binary_output);
+  StatusErrorListener listener;
+  converter::ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Options proto_writer_options;
+  proto_writer_options.ignore_unknown_fields = options.ignore_unknown_fields;
+  proto_writer_options.ignore_unknown_enum_values =
+      options.ignore_unknown_fields;
+  proto_writer_options.case_insensitive_enum_parsing =
+      options.case_insensitive_enum_parsing;
+  converter::ProtoStreamObjectWriter proto_writer(
+      resolver, type, &sink, &listener, proto_writer_options);
+
+  converter::JsonStreamParser parser(&proto_writer);
+  const void* buffer;
+  int length;
+  while (json_input->Next(&buffer, &length)) {
+    if (length == 0) continue;
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(parser.Parse(
+        StringPiece(static_cast<const char*>(buffer), length)));
+  }
+  RETURN_IF_ERROR(parser.FinishParse());
+
+  return listener.GetStatus();
+}
+
+util::Status JsonToBinaryString(TypeResolver* resolver,
+                                  const std::string& type_url,
+                                  StringPiece json_input,
+                                  std::string* binary_output,
+                                  const JsonParseOptions& options) {
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(json_input.data(), json_input.size());
+  io::StringOutputStream output_stream(binary_output);
+  return JsonToBinaryStream(resolver, type_url, &input_stream, &output_stream,
+                            options);
+}
+
+namespace {
+const char* kTypeUrlPrefix = "type.googleapis.com";
+TypeResolver* generated_type_resolver_ = NULL;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag generated_type_resolver_init_;
+
+std::string GetTypeUrl(const Message& message) {
+  return std::string(kTypeUrlPrefix) + "/" +
+         message.GetDescriptor()->full_name();
+}
+
+void DeleteGeneratedTypeResolver() { delete generated_type_resolver_; }
+
+void InitGeneratedTypeResolver() {
+  generated_type_resolver_ = NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(
+      kTypeUrlPrefix, DescriptorPool::generated_pool());
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&DeleteGeneratedTypeResolver);
+}
+
+TypeResolver* GetGeneratedTypeResolver() {
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::call_once(generated_type_resolver_init_,
+                                             InitGeneratedTypeResolver);
+  return generated_type_resolver_;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+util::Status MessageToJsonString(const Message& message, std::string* output,
+                                   const JsonOptions& options) {
+  const DescriptorPool* pool = message.GetDescriptor()->file()->pool();
+  TypeResolver* resolver =
+      pool == DescriptorPool::generated_pool()
+          ? GetGeneratedTypeResolver()
+          : NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(kTypeUrlPrefix, pool);
+  util::Status result =
+      BinaryToJsonString(resolver, GetTypeUrl(message),
+                         message.SerializeAsString(), output, options);
+  if (pool != DescriptorPool::generated_pool()) {
+    delete resolver;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStringToMessage(StringPiece input, Message* message,
+                                   const JsonParseOptions& options) {
+  const DescriptorPool* pool = message->GetDescriptor()->file()->pool();
+  TypeResolver* resolver =
+      pool == DescriptorPool::generated_pool()
+          ? GetGeneratedTypeResolver()
+          : NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(kTypeUrlPrefix, pool);
+  std::string binary;
+  util::Status result = JsonToBinaryString(resolver, GetTypeUrl(*message),
+                                             input, &binary, options);
+  if (result.ok() && !message->ParseFromString(binary)) {
+    result =
+        util::Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                       "JSON transcoder produced invalid protobuf output.");
+  }
+  if (pool != DescriptorPool::generated_pool()) {
+    delete resolver;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99545871c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Utility functions to convert between protobuf binary format and proto3 JSON
+// format.
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_JSON_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_JSON_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+class ZeroCopyInputStream;
+class ZeroCopyOutputStream;
+}  // namespace io
+namespace util {
+
+struct JsonParseOptions {
+  // Whether to ignore unknown JSON fields during parsing
+  bool ignore_unknown_fields;
+
+  // If true, when a lowercase enum value fails to parse, try convert it to
+  // UPPER_CASE and see if it matches a valid enum.
+  // WARNING: This option exists only to preserve legacy behavior. Avoid using
+  // this option. If your enum needs to support different casing, consider using
+  // allow_alias instead.
+  bool case_insensitive_enum_parsing;
+
+  JsonParseOptions()
+      : ignore_unknown_fields(false),
+        case_insensitive_enum_parsing(false) {}
+};
+
+struct JsonPrintOptions {
+  // Whether to add spaces, line breaks and indentation to make the JSON output
+  // easy to read.
+  bool add_whitespace;
+  // Whether to always print primitive fields. By default proto3 primitive
+  // fields with default values will be omitted in JSON output. For example, an
+  // int32 field set to 0 will be omitted. Set this flag to true will override
+  // the default behavior and print primitive fields regardless of their values.
+  bool always_print_primitive_fields;
+  // Whether to always print enums as ints. By default they are rendered as
+  // strings.
+  bool always_print_enums_as_ints;
+  // Whether to preserve proto field names
+  bool preserve_proto_field_names;
+
+  JsonPrintOptions()
+      : add_whitespace(false),
+        always_print_primitive_fields(false),
+        always_print_enums_as_ints(false),
+        preserve_proto_field_names(false) {}
+};
+
+// DEPRECATED. Use JsonPrintOptions instead.
+typedef JsonPrintOptions JsonOptions;
+
+// Converts from protobuf message to JSON and appends it to |output|. This is a
+// simple wrapper of BinaryToJsonString(). It will use the DescriptorPool of the
+// passed-in message to resolve Any types.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT util::Status MessageToJsonString(const Message& message,
+                                                   std::string* output,
+                                                   const JsonOptions& options);
+
+inline util::Status MessageToJsonString(const Message& message,
+                                          std::string* output) {
+  return MessageToJsonString(message, output, JsonOptions());
+}
+
+// Converts from JSON to protobuf message. This is a simple wrapper of
+// JsonStringToBinary(). It will use the DescriptorPool of the passed-in
+// message to resolve Any types.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT util::Status JsonStringToMessage(
+    StringPiece input, Message* message, const JsonParseOptions& options);
+
+inline util::Status JsonStringToMessage(StringPiece input,
+                                          Message* message) {
+  return JsonStringToMessage(input, message, JsonParseOptions());
+}
+
+// Converts protobuf binary data to JSON.
+// The conversion will fail if:
+//   1. TypeResolver fails to resolve a type.
+//   2. input is not valid protobuf wire format, or conflicts with the type
+//      information returned by TypeResolver.
+// Note that unknown fields will be discarded silently.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT util::Status BinaryToJsonStream(
+    TypeResolver* resolver, const std::string& type_url,
+    io::ZeroCopyInputStream* binary_input,
+    io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* json_output, const JsonPrintOptions& options);
+
+inline util::Status BinaryToJsonStream(
+    TypeResolver* resolver, const std::string& type_url,
+    io::ZeroCopyInputStream* binary_input,
+    io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* json_output) {
+  return BinaryToJsonStream(resolver, type_url, binary_input, json_output,
+                            JsonPrintOptions());
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT util::Status BinaryToJsonString(
+    TypeResolver* resolver, const std::string& type_url,
+    const std::string& binary_input, std::string* json_output,
+    const JsonPrintOptions& options);
+
+inline util::Status BinaryToJsonString(TypeResolver* resolver,
+                                         const std::string& type_url,
+                                         const std::string& binary_input,
+                                         std::string* json_output) {
+  return BinaryToJsonString(resolver, type_url, binary_input, json_output,
+                            JsonPrintOptions());
+}
+
+// Converts JSON data to protobuf binary format.
+// The conversion will fail if:
+//   1. TypeResolver fails to resolve a type.
+//   2. input is not valid JSON format, or conflicts with the type
+//      information returned by TypeResolver.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT util::Status JsonToBinaryStream(
+    TypeResolver* resolver, const std::string& type_url,
+    io::ZeroCopyInputStream* json_input,
+    io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* binary_output, const JsonParseOptions& options);
+
+inline util::Status JsonToBinaryStream(
+    TypeResolver* resolver, const std::string& type_url,
+    io::ZeroCopyInputStream* json_input,
+    io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* binary_output) {
+  return JsonToBinaryStream(resolver, type_url, json_input, binary_output,
+                            JsonParseOptions());
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT util::Status JsonToBinaryString(
+    TypeResolver* resolver, const std::string& type_url,
+    StringPiece json_input, std::string* binary_output,
+    const JsonParseOptions& options);
+
+inline util::Status JsonToBinaryString(TypeResolver* resolver,
+                                         const std::string& type_url,
+                                         StringPiece json_input,
+                                         std::string* binary_output) {
+  return JsonToBinaryString(resolver, type_url, json_input, binary_output,
+                            JsonParseOptions());
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+// Internal helper class. Put in the header so we can write unit-tests for it.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ZeroCopyStreamByteSink : public strings::ByteSink {
+ public:
+  explicit ZeroCopyStreamByteSink(io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* stream)
+      : stream_(stream), buffer_(NULL), buffer_size_(0) {}
+  ~ZeroCopyStreamByteSink();
+
+  void Append(const char* bytes, size_t len) override;
+
+ private:
+  io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* stream_;
+  void* buffer_;
+  int buffer_size_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ZeroCopyStreamByteSink);
+};
+}  // namespace internal
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_JSON_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e13bdb789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/json_util.h>
+
+#include <list>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/json_format.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace {
+
+using proto3::BAR;
+using proto3::FOO;
+using proto3::TestAny;
+using proto3::TestEnumValue;
+using proto3::TestMap;
+using proto3::TestMessage;
+using proto3::TestOneof;
+using proto_util_converter::testing::MapIn;
+
+// As functions defined in json_util.h are just thin wrappers around the
+// JSON conversion code in //net/proto2/util/converter, in this test we
+// only cover some very basic cases to make sure the wrappers have forwarded
+// parameters to the underlying implementation correctly. More detailed
+// tests are contained in the //net/proto2/util/converter directory.
+class JsonUtilTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  JsonUtilTest() {}
+
+  std::string ToJson(const Message& message, const JsonPrintOptions& options) {
+    std::string result;
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(MessageToJsonString(message, &result, options));
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  bool FromJson(const std::string& json, Message* message,
+                const JsonParseOptions& options) {
+    return JsonStringToMessage(json, message, options).ok();
+  }
+
+  bool FromJson(const std::string& json, Message* message) {
+    return FromJson(json, message, JsonParseOptions());
+  }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<TypeResolver> resolver_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestWhitespaces) {
+  TestMessage m;
+  m.mutable_message_value();
+
+  JsonPrintOptions options;
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"messageValue\":{}}", ToJson(m, options));
+  options.add_whitespace = true;
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\n"
+      " \"messageValue\": {}\n"
+      "}\n",
+      ToJson(m, options));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestDefaultValues) {
+  TestMessage m;
+  JsonPrintOptions options;
+  EXPECT_EQ("{}", ToJson(m, options));
+  options.always_print_primitive_fields = true;
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\"boolValue\":false,"
+      "\"int32Value\":0,"
+      "\"int64Value\":\"0\","
+      "\"uint32Value\":0,"
+      "\"uint64Value\":\"0\","
+      "\"floatValue\":0,"
+      "\"doubleValue\":0,"
+      "\"stringValue\":\"\","
+      "\"bytesValue\":\"\","
+      "\"enumValue\":\"FOO\","
+      "\"repeatedBoolValue\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedInt32Value\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedInt64Value\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedUint32Value\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedUint64Value\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedFloatValue\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedDoubleValue\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedStringValue\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedBytesValue\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedEnumValue\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedMessageValue\":[]"
+      "}",
+      ToJson(m, options));
+
+  options.always_print_primitive_fields = true;
+  m.set_string_value("i am a test string value");
+  m.set_bytes_value("i am a test bytes value");
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\"boolValue\":false,"
+      "\"int32Value\":0,"
+      "\"int64Value\":\"0\","
+      "\"uint32Value\":0,"
+      "\"uint64Value\":\"0\","
+      "\"floatValue\":0,"
+      "\"doubleValue\":0,"
+      "\"stringValue\":\"i am a test string value\","
+      "\"bytesValue\":\"aSBhbSBhIHRlc3QgYnl0ZXMgdmFsdWU=\","
+      "\"enumValue\":\"FOO\","
+      "\"repeatedBoolValue\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedInt32Value\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedInt64Value\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedUint32Value\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedUint64Value\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedFloatValue\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedDoubleValue\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedStringValue\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedBytesValue\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedEnumValue\":[],"
+      "\"repeatedMessageValue\":[]"
+      "}",
+      ToJson(m, options));
+
+  options.preserve_proto_field_names = true;
+  m.set_string_value("i am a test string value");
+  m.set_bytes_value("i am a test bytes value");
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\"bool_value\":false,"
+      "\"int32_value\":0,"
+      "\"int64_value\":\"0\","
+      "\"uint32_value\":0,"
+      "\"uint64_value\":\"0\","
+      "\"float_value\":0,"
+      "\"double_value\":0,"
+      "\"string_value\":\"i am a test string value\","
+      "\"bytes_value\":\"aSBhbSBhIHRlc3QgYnl0ZXMgdmFsdWU=\","
+      "\"enum_value\":\"FOO\","
+      "\"repeated_bool_value\":[],"
+      "\"repeated_int32_value\":[],"
+      "\"repeated_int64_value\":[],"
+      "\"repeated_uint32_value\":[],"
+      "\"repeated_uint64_value\":[],"
+      "\"repeated_float_value\":[],"
+      "\"repeated_double_value\":[],"
+      "\"repeated_string_value\":[],"
+      "\"repeated_bytes_value\":[],"
+      "\"repeated_enum_value\":[],"
+      "\"repeated_message_value\":[]"
+      "}",
+      ToJson(m, options));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestPreserveProtoFieldNames) {
+  TestMessage m;
+  m.mutable_message_value();
+
+  JsonPrintOptions options;
+  options.preserve_proto_field_names = true;
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"message_value\":{}}", ToJson(m, options));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestAlwaysPrintEnumsAsInts) {
+  TestMessage orig;
+  orig.set_enum_value(proto3::BAR);
+  orig.add_repeated_enum_value(proto3::FOO);
+  orig.add_repeated_enum_value(proto3::BAR);
+
+  JsonPrintOptions print_options;
+  print_options.always_print_enums_as_ints = true;
+
+  std::string expected_json = "{\"enumValue\":1,\"repeatedEnumValue\":[0,1]}";
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_json, ToJson(orig, print_options));
+
+  TestMessage parsed;
+  JsonParseOptions parse_options;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(FromJson(expected_json, &parsed, parse_options));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3::BAR, parsed.enum_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, parsed.repeated_enum_value_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3::FOO, parsed.repeated_enum_value(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3::BAR, parsed.repeated_enum_value(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestPrintEnumsAsIntsWithDefaultValue) {
+  TestEnumValue orig;
+  // orig.set_enum_value1(proto3::FOO)
+  orig.set_enum_value2(proto3::FOO);
+  orig.set_enum_value3(proto3::BAR);
+
+  JsonPrintOptions print_options;
+  print_options.always_print_enums_as_ints = true;
+  print_options.always_print_primitive_fields = true;
+
+  std::string expected_json =
+      "{\"enumValue1\":0,\"enumValue2\":0,\"enumValue3\":1}";
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_json, ToJson(orig, print_options));
+
+  TestEnumValue parsed;
+  JsonParseOptions parse_options;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(FromJson(expected_json, &parsed, parse_options));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3::FOO, parsed.enum_value1());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3::FOO, parsed.enum_value2());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3::BAR, parsed.enum_value3());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, ParseMessage) {
+  // Some random message but good enough to verify that the parsing warpper
+  // functions are working properly.
+  std::string input =
+      "{\n"
+      "  \"int32Value\": 1024,\n"
+      "  \"repeatedInt32Value\": [1, 2],\n"
+      "  \"messageValue\": {\n"
+      "    \"value\": 2048\n"
+      "  },\n"
+      "  \"repeatedMessageValue\": [\n"
+      "    {\"value\": 40}, {\"value\": 96}\n"
+      "  ]\n"
+      "}\n";
+  JsonParseOptions options;
+  TestMessage m;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1024, m.int32_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, m.repeated_int32_value_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_int32_value(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, m.repeated_int32_value(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2048, m.message_value().value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, m.repeated_message_value_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(40, m.repeated_message_value(0).value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(96, m.repeated_message_value(1).value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, ParseMap) {
+  TestMap message;
+  (*message.mutable_string_map())["hello"] = 1234;
+  JsonPrintOptions print_options;
+  JsonParseOptions parse_options;
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"stringMap\":{\"hello\":1234}}", ToJson(message, print_options));
+  TestMap other;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(FromJson(ToJson(message, print_options), &other, parse_options));
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.DebugString(), other.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, ParsePrimitiveMapIn) {
+  MapIn message;
+  JsonPrintOptions print_options;
+  print_options.always_print_primitive_fields = true;
+  JsonParseOptions parse_options;
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"other\":\"\",\"things\":[],\"mapInput\":{},\"mapAny\":{}}",
+            ToJson(message, print_options));
+  MapIn other;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(FromJson(ToJson(message, print_options), &other, parse_options));
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.DebugString(), other.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, PrintPrimitiveOneof) {
+  TestOneof message;
+  JsonPrintOptions options;
+  options.always_print_primitive_fields = true;
+  message.mutable_oneof_message_value();
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"oneofMessageValue\":{\"value\":0}}", ToJson(message, options));
+
+  message.set_oneof_int32_value(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"oneofInt32Value\":1}", ToJson(message, options));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestParseIgnoreUnknownFields) {
+  TestMessage m;
+  JsonParseOptions options;
+  options.ignore_unknown_fields = true;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FromJson("{\"unknownName\":0}", &m, options));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestParseErrors) {
+  TestMessage m;
+  JsonParseOptions options;
+  // Parsing should fail if the field name can not be recognized.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FromJson("{\"unknownName\":0}", &m, options));
+  // Parsing should fail if the value is invalid.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FromJson("{\"int32Value\":2147483648}", &m, options));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestDynamicMessage) {
+  // Some random message but good enough to test the wrapper functions.
+  std::string input =
+      "{\n"
+      "  \"int32Value\": 1024,\n"
+      "  \"repeatedInt32Value\": [1, 2],\n"
+      "  \"messageValue\": {\n"
+      "    \"value\": 2048\n"
+      "  },\n"
+      "  \"repeatedMessageValue\": [\n"
+      "    {\"value\": 40}, {\"value\": 96}\n"
+      "  ]\n"
+      "}\n";
+
+  // Create a new DescriptorPool with the same protos as the generated one.
+  DescriptorPoolDatabase database(*DescriptorPool::generated_pool());
+  DescriptorPool pool(&database);
+  // A dynamic version of the test proto.
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  std::unique_ptr<Message> message(
+      factory.GetPrototype(pool.FindMessageTypeByName("proto3.TestMessage"))
+          ->New());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FromJson(input, message.get()));
+
+  // Convert to generated message for easy inspection.
+  TestMessage generated;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(generated.ParseFromString(message->SerializeAsString()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1024, generated.int32_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, generated.repeated_int32_value_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, generated.repeated_int32_value(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, generated.repeated_int32_value(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2048, generated.message_value().value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, generated.repeated_message_value_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(40, generated.repeated_message_value(0).value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(96, generated.repeated_message_value(1).value());
+
+  JsonOptions options;
+  EXPECT_EQ(ToJson(generated, options), ToJson(*message, options));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestParsingUnknownAnyFields) {
+  std::string input =
+      "{\n"
+      "  \"value\": {\n"
+      "    \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/proto3.TestMessage\",\n"
+      "    \"unknown_field\": \"UNKNOWN_VALUE\",\n"
+      "    \"string_value\": \"expected_value\"\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}";
+
+  TestAny m;
+  JsonParseOptions options;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+
+  options.ignore_unknown_fields = true;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+
+  TestMessage t;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.value().UnpackTo(&t));
+  EXPECT_EQ("expected_value", t.string_value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestParsingUnknownEnumsProto2) {
+  std::string input =
+      "{\n"
+      "  \"a\": \"UNKNOWN_VALUE\"\n"
+      "}";
+  protobuf_unittest::TestNumbers m;
+  JsonParseOptions options;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+
+  options.ignore_unknown_fields = true;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.has_a());
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestParsingUnknownEnumsProto3) {
+  TestMessage m;
+  {
+    JsonParseOptions options;
+    ASSERT_FALSE(options.ignore_unknown_fields);
+    std::string input =
+        "{\n"
+        "  \"enum_value\":\"UNKNOWN_VALUE\"\n"
+        "}";
+    m.set_enum_value(proto3::BAR);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+    ASSERT_EQ(proto3::BAR, m.enum_value());  // Keep previous value
+
+    options.ignore_unknown_fields = true;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, m.enum_value());  // Unknown enum value must be decoded as 0
+  }
+  // Integer values are read as usual
+  {
+    JsonParseOptions options;
+    std::string input =
+        "{\n"
+        "  \"enum_value\":12345\n"
+        "}";
+    m.set_enum_value(proto3::BAR);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+    ASSERT_EQ(12345, m.enum_value());
+
+    options.ignore_unknown_fields = true;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+    EXPECT_EQ(12345, m.enum_value());
+  }
+
+  // Trying to pass an object as an enum field value is always treated as an
+  // error
+  {
+    JsonParseOptions options;
+    std::string input =
+        "{\n"
+        "  \"enum_value\":{}\n"
+        "}";
+    options.ignore_unknown_fields = true;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+    options.ignore_unknown_fields = false;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+  }
+  // Trying to pass an array as an enum field value is always treated as an
+  // error
+  {
+    JsonParseOptions options;
+    std::string input =
+        "{\n"
+        "  \"enum_value\":[]\n"
+        "}";
+    EXPECT_FALSE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+    options.ignore_unknown_fields = true;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestParsingEnumIgnoreCase) {
+  TestMessage m;
+  {
+    JsonParseOptions options;
+    std::string input =
+        "{\n"
+        "  \"enum_value\":\"bar\"\n"
+        "}";
+    m.set_enum_value(proto3::FOO);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+    // Default behavior is case-sensitive, so keep previous value.
+    ASSERT_EQ(proto3::FOO, m.enum_value());
+  }
+  {
+    JsonParseOptions options;
+    options.case_insensitive_enum_parsing = false;
+    std::string input =
+        "{\n"
+        "  \"enum_value\":\"bar\"\n"
+        "}";
+    m.set_enum_value(proto3::FOO);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+    ASSERT_EQ(proto3::FOO, m.enum_value());  // Keep previous value
+  }
+  {
+    JsonParseOptions options;
+    options.case_insensitive_enum_parsing = true;
+    std::string input =
+        "{\n"
+        "  \"enum_value\":\"bar\"\n"
+        "}";
+    m.set_enum_value(proto3::FOO);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(FromJson(input, &m, options));
+    ASSERT_EQ(proto3::BAR, m.enum_value());
+  }
+}
+
+typedef std::pair<char*, int> Segment;
+// A ZeroCopyOutputStream that writes to multiple buffers.
+class SegmentedZeroCopyOutputStream : public io::ZeroCopyOutputStream {
+ public:
+  explicit SegmentedZeroCopyOutputStream(std::list<Segment> segments)
+      : segments_(segments),
+        last_segment_(static_cast<char*>(NULL), 0),
+        byte_count_(0) {}
+
+  bool Next(void** buffer, int* length) override {
+    if (segments_.empty()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    last_segment_ = segments_.front();
+    segments_.pop_front();
+    *buffer = last_segment_.first;
+    *length = last_segment_.second;
+    byte_count_ += *length;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void BackUp(int length) override {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(length <= last_segment_.second);
+    segments_.push_front(
+        Segment(last_segment_.first + last_segment_.second - length, length));
+    last_segment_ = Segment(last_segment_.first, last_segment_.second - length);
+    byte_count_ -= length;
+  }
+
+  int64_t ByteCount() const override { return byte_count_; }
+
+ private:
+  std::list<Segment> segments_;
+  Segment last_segment_;
+  int64 byte_count_;
+};
+
+// This test splits the output buffer and also the input data into multiple
+// segments and checks that the implementation of ZeroCopyStreamByteSink
+// handles all possible cases correctly.
+TEST(ZeroCopyStreamByteSinkTest, TestAllInputOutputPatterns) {
+  static const int kOutputBufferLength = 10;
+  // An exhaustive test takes too long, skip some combinations to make the test
+  // run faster.
+  static const int kSkippedPatternCount = 7;
+
+  char buffer[kOutputBufferLength];
+  for (int split_pattern = 0; split_pattern < (1 << (kOutputBufferLength - 1));
+       split_pattern += kSkippedPatternCount) {
+    // Split the buffer into small segments according to the split_pattern.
+    std::list<Segment> segments;
+    int segment_start = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kOutputBufferLength - 1; ++i) {
+      if (split_pattern & (1 << i)) {
+        segments.push_back(
+            Segment(buffer + segment_start, i - segment_start + 1));
+        segment_start = i + 1;
+      }
+    }
+    segments.push_back(
+        Segment(buffer + segment_start, kOutputBufferLength - segment_start));
+
+    // Write exactly 10 bytes through the ByteSink.
+    std::string input_data = "0123456789";
+    for (int input_pattern = 0; input_pattern < (1 << (input_data.size() - 1));
+         input_pattern += kSkippedPatternCount) {
+      memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
+      {
+        SegmentedZeroCopyOutputStream output_stream(segments);
+        internal::ZeroCopyStreamByteSink byte_sink(&output_stream);
+        int start = 0;
+        for (int j = 0; j < input_data.length() - 1; ++j) {
+          if (input_pattern & (1 << j)) {
+            byte_sink.Append(&input_data[start], j - start + 1);
+            start = j + 1;
+          }
+        }
+        byte_sink.Append(&input_data[start], input_data.length() - start);
+      }
+      EXPECT_EQ(input_data, std::string(buffer, input_data.length()));
+    }
+
+    // Write only 9 bytes through the ByteSink.
+    input_data = "012345678";
+    for (int input_pattern = 0; input_pattern < (1 << (input_data.size() - 1));
+         input_pattern += kSkippedPatternCount) {
+      memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
+      {
+        SegmentedZeroCopyOutputStream output_stream(segments);
+        internal::ZeroCopyStreamByteSink byte_sink(&output_stream);
+        int start = 0;
+        for (int j = 0; j < input_data.length() - 1; ++j) {
+          if (input_pattern & (1 << j)) {
+            byte_sink.Append(&input_data[start], j - start + 1);
+            start = j + 1;
+          }
+        }
+        byte_sink.Append(&input_data[start], input_data.length() - start);
+      }
+      EXPECT_EQ(input_data, std::string(buffer, input_data.length()));
+      EXPECT_EQ(0, buffer[input_data.length()]);
+    }
+
+    // Write 11 bytes through the ByteSink. The extra byte will just
+    // be ignored.
+    input_data = "0123456789A";
+    for (int input_pattern = 0; input_pattern < (1 << (input_data.size() - 1));
+         input_pattern += kSkippedPatternCount) {
+      memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
+      {
+        SegmentedZeroCopyOutputStream output_stream(segments);
+        internal::ZeroCopyStreamByteSink byte_sink(&output_stream);
+        int start = 0;
+        for (int j = 0; j < input_data.length() - 1; ++j) {
+          if (input_pattern & (1 << j)) {
+            byte_sink.Append(&input_data[start], j - start + 1);
+            start = j + 1;
+          }
+        }
+        byte_sink.Append(&input_data[start], input_data.length() - start);
+      }
+      EXPECT_EQ(input_data.substr(0, kOutputBufferLength),
+                std::string(buffer, kOutputBufferLength));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestWrongJsonInput) {
+  const char json[] = "{\"unknown_field\":\"some_value\"}";
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(json, strlen(json));
+  char proto_buffer[10000];
+  io::ArrayOutputStream output_stream(proto_buffer, sizeof(proto_buffer));
+  std::string message_type = "type.googleapis.com/proto3.TestMessage";
+  TypeResolver* resolver = NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(
+      "type.googleapis.com", DescriptorPool::generated_pool());
+
+  auto result_status = util::JsonToBinaryStream(resolver, message_type,
+                                                &input_stream, &output_stream);
+
+  delete resolver;
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(result_status.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(result_status.code(),
+            util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, HtmlEscape) {
+  TestMessage m;
+  m.set_string_value("</script>");
+  JsonPrintOptions options;
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"stringValue\":\"\\u003c/script\\u003e\"}", ToJson(m, options));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9f10baea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1977 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jschorr@google.com (Joseph Schorr)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+// Always include as last one, otherwise it can break compilation
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace util {
+
+// A reporter to report the total number of diffs.
+// TODO(ykzhu): we can improve this to take into account the value differencers.
+class NumDiffsReporter : public google::protobuf::util::MessageDifferencer::Reporter {
+ public:
+  NumDiffsReporter() : num_diffs_(0) {}
+
+  // Returns the total number of diffs.
+  int32 GetNumDiffs() const { return num_diffs_; }
+  void Reset() { num_diffs_ = 0; }
+
+  // Report that a field has been added into Message2.
+  void ReportAdded(
+      const google::protobuf::Message& message1, const google::protobuf::Message& message2,
+      const std::vector<google::protobuf::util::MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>&
+          field_path) override {
+    ++num_diffs_;
+  }
+
+  // Report that a field has been deleted from Message1.
+  void ReportDeleted(
+      const google::protobuf::Message& message1, const google::protobuf::Message& message2,
+      const std::vector<google::protobuf::util::MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>&
+          field_path) override {
+    ++num_diffs_;
+  }
+
+  // Report that the value of a field has been modified.
+  void ReportModified(
+      const google::protobuf::Message& message1, const google::protobuf::Message& message2,
+      const std::vector<google::protobuf::util::MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>&
+          field_path) override {
+    ++num_diffs_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  int32 num_diffs_;
+};
+
+// When comparing a repeated field as map, MultipleFieldMapKeyComparator can
+// be used to specify multiple fields as key for key comparison.
+// Two elements of a repeated field will be regarded as having the same key
+// iff they have the same value for every specified key field.
+// Note that you can also specify only one field as key.
+class MessageDifferencer::MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator
+    : public MessageDifferencer::MapKeyComparator {
+ public:
+  MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator(
+      MessageDifferencer* message_differencer,
+      const std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> >& key_field_paths)
+      : message_differencer_(message_differencer),
+        key_field_paths_(key_field_paths) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(!key_field_paths_.empty());
+    for (int i = 0; i < key_field_paths_.size(); ++i) {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(!key_field_paths_[i].empty());
+    }
+  }
+  MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator(MessageDifferencer* message_differencer,
+                                 const FieldDescriptor* key)
+      : message_differencer_(message_differencer) {
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> key_field_path;
+    key_field_path.push_back(key);
+    key_field_paths_.push_back(key_field_path);
+  }
+  bool IsMatch(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+               const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) const override {
+    for (int i = 0; i < key_field_paths_.size(); ++i) {
+      if (!IsMatchInternal(message1, message2, parent_fields,
+                           key_field_paths_[i], 0)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool IsMatchInternal(
+      const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+      const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields,
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& key_field_path,
+      int path_index) const {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = key_field_path[path_index];
+    std::vector<SpecificField> current_parent_fields(parent_fields);
+    if (path_index == key_field_path.size() - 1) {
+      if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        if (!message_differencer_->CompareRepeatedField(
+                message1, message2, field, &current_parent_fields)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (!message_differencer_->CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(
+                message1, message2, field, -1, -1, &current_parent_fields)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      const Reflection* reflection1 = message1.GetReflection();
+      const Reflection* reflection2 = message2.GetReflection();
+      bool has_field1 = reflection1->HasField(message1, field);
+      bool has_field2 = reflection2->HasField(message2, field);
+      if (!has_field1 && !has_field2) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (has_field1 != has_field2) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      SpecificField specific_field;
+      specific_field.field = field;
+      current_parent_fields.push_back(specific_field);
+      return IsMatchInternal(reflection1->GetMessage(message1, field),
+                             reflection2->GetMessage(message2, field),
+                             current_parent_fields, key_field_path,
+                             path_index + 1);
+    }
+  }
+  MessageDifferencer* message_differencer_;
+  std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> > key_field_paths_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator);
+};
+
+// Preserve the order when treating repeated field as SMART_LIST. The current
+// implementation is to find the longest matching sequence from the first
+// element. The optimal solution requires to use //util/diff/lcs.h, which is
+// not open sourced yet. Overwrite this method if you want to have that.
+// TODO(ykzhu): change to use LCS once it is open sourced.
+void MatchIndicesPostProcessorForSmartList(
+    std::vector<int>* match_list1, std::vector<int>* match_list2) {
+  int last_matched_index = -1;
+  for (int i = 0; i < match_list1->size(); ++i) {
+    if (match_list1->at(i) < 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (last_matched_index < 0 || match_list1->at(i) > last_matched_index) {
+      last_matched_index = match_list1->at(i);
+    } else {
+      match_list2->at(match_list1->at(i)) = -1;
+      match_list1->at(i) = -1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+MessageDifferencer::MapEntryKeyComparator::MapEntryKeyComparator(
+    MessageDifferencer* message_differencer)
+    : message_differencer_(message_differencer) {}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::MapEntryKeyComparator::IsMatch(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) const {
+  // Map entry has its key in the field with tag 1.  See the comment for
+  // map_entry in MessageOptions.
+  const FieldDescriptor* key = message1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByNumber(1);
+  // If key is not present in message1 and we're doing partial comparison or if
+  // map key is explicitly ignored treat the field as set instead,
+  const bool treat_as_set =
+      (message_differencer_->scope() == PARTIAL &&
+       !message1.GetReflection()->HasField(message1, key)) ||
+      message_differencer_->IsIgnored(message1, message2, key, parent_fields);
+
+  std::vector<SpecificField> current_parent_fields(parent_fields);
+  if (treat_as_set) {
+    return message_differencer_->Compare(message1, message2,
+                                         &current_parent_fields);
+  }
+  return message_differencer_->CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(
+      message1, message2, key, -1, -1, &current_parent_fields);
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::Equals(const Message& message1,
+                                const Message& message2) {
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+
+  return differencer.Compare(message1, message2);
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(const Message& message1,
+                                    const Message& message2) {
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+
+  return differencer.Compare(message1, message2);
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquals(const Message& message1,
+                                             const Message& message2) {
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_float_comparison(MessageDifferencer::APPROXIMATE);
+
+  return differencer.Compare(message1, message2);
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquivalent(const Message& message1,
+                                                 const Message& message2) {
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_float_comparison(MessageDifferencer::APPROXIMATE);
+
+  return differencer.Compare(message1, message2);
+}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+
+MessageDifferencer::MessageDifferencer()
+    : reporter_(NULL),
+      field_comparator_(NULL),
+      message_field_comparison_(EQUAL),
+      scope_(FULL),
+      repeated_field_comparison_(AS_LIST),
+      map_entry_key_comparator_(this),
+      report_matches_(false),
+      report_moves_(true),
+      report_ignores_(true),
+      output_string_(nullptr),
+      match_indices_for_smart_list_callback_(
+          MatchIndicesPostProcessorForSmartList) {}
+
+MessageDifferencer::~MessageDifferencer() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < owned_key_comparators_.size(); ++i) {
+    delete owned_key_comparators_[i];
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < ignore_criteria_.size(); ++i) {
+    delete ignore_criteria_[i];
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::set_field_comparator(FieldComparator* comparator) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(comparator) << "Field comparator can't be NULL.";
+  field_comparator_ = comparator;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::set_message_field_comparison(
+    MessageFieldComparison comparison) {
+  message_field_comparison_ = comparison;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::set_scope(Scope scope) { scope_ = scope; }
+
+MessageDifferencer::Scope MessageDifferencer::scope() { return scope_; }
+
+void MessageDifferencer::set_float_comparison(FloatComparison comparison) {
+  default_field_comparator_.set_float_comparison(
+      comparison == EXACT ? DefaultFieldComparator::EXACT
+                          : DefaultFieldComparator::APPROXIMATE);
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::set_repeated_field_comparison(
+    RepeatedFieldComparison comparison) {
+  repeated_field_comparison_ = comparison;
+}
+
+MessageDifferencer::RepeatedFieldComparison
+MessageDifferencer::repeated_field_comparison() {
+  return repeated_field_comparison_;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::CheckRepeatedFieldComparisons(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+    const RepeatedFieldComparison& new_comparison) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(field->is_repeated())
+      << "Field must be repeated: " << field->full_name();
+  const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator = GetMapKeyComparator(field);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(key_comparator == NULL)
+      << "Cannot treat this repeated field as both MAP and " << new_comparison
+      << " for"
+      << " comparison.  Field name is: " << field->full_name();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(repeated_field_comparisons_.find(field) ==
+            repeated_field_comparisons_.end() ||
+        repeated_field_comparisons_[field] == new_comparison)
+      << "Cannot treat the same field as both "
+      << repeated_field_comparisons_[field] << " and " << new_comparison
+      << ". Field name is: " << field->full_name();
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::TreatAsSet(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  CheckRepeatedFieldComparisons(field, AS_SET);
+  repeated_field_comparisons_[field] = AS_SET;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::TreatAsSmartSet(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  CheckRepeatedFieldComparisons(field, AS_SMART_SET);
+  repeated_field_comparisons_[field] = AS_SMART_SET;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::SetMatchIndicesForSmartListCallback(
+    std::function<void(std::vector<int>*, std::vector<int>*)> callback) {
+  match_indices_for_smart_list_callback_ = callback;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::TreatAsList(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  CheckRepeatedFieldComparisons(field, AS_LIST);
+  repeated_field_comparisons_[field] = AS_LIST;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::TreatAsSmartList(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  CheckRepeatedFieldComparisons(field, AS_SMART_LIST);
+  repeated_field_comparisons_[field] = AS_SMART_LIST;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::TreatAsMap(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* key) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, field->cpp_type())
+      << "Field has to be message type.  Field name is: " << field->full_name();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(key->containing_type() == field->message_type())
+      << key->full_name()
+      << " must be a direct subfield within the repeated field "
+      << field->full_name() << ", not " << key->containing_type()->full_name();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(repeated_field_comparisons_.find(field) ==
+        repeated_field_comparisons_.end())
+      << "Cannot treat the same field as both "
+      << repeated_field_comparisons_[field]
+      << " and MAP. Field name is: " << field->full_name();
+  MapKeyComparator* key_comparator =
+      new MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator(this, key);
+  owned_key_comparators_.push_back(key_comparator);
+  map_field_key_comparator_[field] = key_comparator;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+    const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& key_fields) {
+  std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> > key_field_paths;
+  for (int i = 0; i < key_fields.size(); ++i) {
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> key_field_path;
+    key_field_path.push_back(key_fields[i]);
+    key_field_paths.push_back(key_field_path);
+  }
+  TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldPathsAsKey(field, key_field_paths);
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldPathsAsKey(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+    const std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> >& key_field_paths) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(field->is_repeated())
+      << "Field must be repeated: " << field->full_name();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, field->cpp_type())
+      << "Field has to be message type.  Field name is: " << field->full_name();
+  for (int i = 0; i < key_field_paths.size(); ++i) {
+    const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& key_field_path =
+        key_field_paths[i];
+    for (int j = 0; j < key_field_path.size(); ++j) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* parent_field =
+          j == 0 ? field : key_field_path[j - 1];
+      const FieldDescriptor* child_field = key_field_path[j];
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(child_field->containing_type() == parent_field->message_type())
+          << child_field->full_name()
+          << " must be a direct subfield within the field: "
+          << parent_field->full_name();
+      if (j != 0) {
+        GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, parent_field->cpp_type())
+            << parent_field->full_name() << " has to be of type message.";
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(!parent_field->is_repeated())
+            << parent_field->full_name() << " cannot be a repeated field.";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(repeated_field_comparisons_.find(field) ==
+        repeated_field_comparisons_.end())
+      << "Cannot treat the same field as both "
+      << repeated_field_comparisons_[field]
+      << " and MAP. Field name is: " << field->full_name();
+  MapKeyComparator* key_comparator =
+      new MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator(this, key_field_paths);
+  owned_key_comparators_.push_back(key_comparator);
+  map_field_key_comparator_[field] = key_comparator;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::TreatAsMapUsingKeyComparator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(field->is_repeated())
+      << "Field must be repeated: " << field->full_name();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(repeated_field_comparisons_.find(field) ==
+        repeated_field_comparisons_.end())
+      << "Cannot treat the same field as both "
+      << repeated_field_comparisons_[field]
+      << " and MAP. Field name is: " << field->full_name();
+  map_field_key_comparator_[field] = key_comparator;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::AddIgnoreCriteria(IgnoreCriteria* ignore_criteria) {
+  ignore_criteria_.push_back(ignore_criteria);
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::IgnoreField(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  ignored_fields_.insert(field);
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::SetFractionAndMargin(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              double fraction, double margin) {
+  default_field_comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field, fraction, margin);
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::ReportDifferencesToString(std::string* output) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(output) << "Specified output string was NULL";
+
+  output_string_ = output;
+  output_string_->clear();
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::ReportDifferencesTo(Reporter* reporter) {
+  // If an output string is set, clear it to prevent
+  // it superseding the specified reporter.
+  if (output_string_) {
+    output_string_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+  reporter_ = reporter;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::FieldBefore(const FieldDescriptor* field1,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* field2) {
+  // Handle sentinel values (i.e. make sure NULLs are always ordered
+  // at the end of the list).
+  if (field1 == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (field2 == NULL) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Always order fields by their tag number
+  return (field1->number() < field2->number());
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::Compare(const Message& message1,
+                                 const Message& message2) {
+  std::vector<SpecificField> parent_fields;
+
+  bool result = false;
+
+  // Setup the internal reporter if need be.
+  if (output_string_) {
+    io::StringOutputStream output_stream(output_string_);
+    StreamReporter reporter(&output_stream);
+    reporter_ = &reporter;
+    result = Compare(message1, message2, &parent_fields);
+    reporter_ = NULL;
+  } else {
+    result = Compare(message1, message2, &parent_fields);
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CompareWithFields(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message1_fields_arg,
+    const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message2_fields_arg) {
+  if (message1.GetDescriptor() != message2.GetDescriptor()) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Comparison between two messages with different "
+                << "descriptors.";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<SpecificField> parent_fields;
+
+  bool result = false;
+
+  FieldDescriptorArray message1_fields(message1_fields_arg.size() + 1);
+  FieldDescriptorArray message2_fields(message2_fields_arg.size() + 1);
+
+  std::copy(message1_fields_arg.cbegin(), message1_fields_arg.cend(),
+            message1_fields.begin());
+  std::copy(message2_fields_arg.cbegin(), message2_fields_arg.cend(),
+            message2_fields.begin());
+
+  // Append sentinel values.
+  message1_fields[message1_fields_arg.size()] = nullptr;
+  message2_fields[message2_fields_arg.size()] = nullptr;
+
+  std::sort(message1_fields.begin(), message1_fields.end(), FieldBefore);
+  std::sort(message2_fields.begin(), message2_fields.end(), FieldBefore);
+
+  // Setup the internal reporter if need be.
+  if (output_string_) {
+    io::StringOutputStream output_stream(output_string_);
+    StreamReporter reporter(&output_stream);
+    reporter_ = &reporter;
+    result = CompareRequestedFieldsUsingSettings(
+        message1, message2, message1_fields, message2_fields, &parent_fields);
+    reporter_ = NULL;
+  } else {
+    result = CompareRequestedFieldsUsingSettings(
+        message1, message2, message1_fields, message2_fields, &parent_fields);
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::Compare(const Message& message1,
+                                 const Message& message2,
+                                 std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor1 = message1.GetDescriptor();
+  const Descriptor* descriptor2 = message2.GetDescriptor();
+  if (descriptor1 != descriptor2) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Comparison between two messages with different "
+                << "descriptors. " << descriptor1->full_name() << " vs "
+                << descriptor2->full_name();
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Expand google.protobuf.Any payload if possible.
+  if (descriptor1->full_name() == internal::kAnyFullTypeName) {
+    std::unique_ptr<Message> data1;
+    std::unique_ptr<Message> data2;
+    if (UnpackAny(message1, &data1) && UnpackAny(message2, &data2)) {
+      // Avoid DFATAL for different descriptors in google.protobuf.Any payloads.
+      if (data1->GetDescriptor() != data2->GetDescriptor()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return Compare(*data1, *data2, parent_fields);
+    }
+  }
+  const Reflection* reflection1 = message1.GetReflection();
+  const Reflection* reflection2 = message2.GetReflection();
+
+  bool unknown_compare_result = true;
+  // Ignore unknown fields in EQUIVALENT mode
+  if (message_field_comparison_ != EQUIVALENT) {
+    const UnknownFieldSet* unknown_field_set1 =
+        &reflection1->GetUnknownFields(message1);
+    const UnknownFieldSet* unknown_field_set2 =
+        &reflection2->GetUnknownFields(message2);
+    if (!CompareUnknownFields(message1, message2, *unknown_field_set1,
+                              *unknown_field_set2, parent_fields)) {
+      if (reporter_ == NULL) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      unknown_compare_result = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  FieldDescriptorArray message1_fields = RetrieveFields(message1, true);
+  FieldDescriptorArray message2_fields = RetrieveFields(message2, false);
+
+  return CompareRequestedFieldsUsingSettings(
+      message1, message2,
+      message1_fields, message2_fields,
+      parent_fields) && unknown_compare_result;
+}
+
+FieldDescriptorArray MessageDifferencer::RetrieveFields(const Message& message,
+                                                        bool base_message) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+
+  tmp_message_fields_.clear();
+  tmp_message_fields_.reserve(descriptor->field_count() + 1);
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  if (descriptor->options().map_entry()) {
+    if (this->scope_ == PARTIAL && base_message) {
+      reflection->ListFields(message, &tmp_message_fields_);
+    } else {
+      // Map entry fields are always considered present.
+      for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+        tmp_message_fields_.push_back(descriptor->field(i));
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    reflection->ListFields(message, &tmp_message_fields_);
+  }
+  // Add sentinel values to deal with the
+  // case where the number of the fields in
+  // each list are different.
+  tmp_message_fields_.push_back(nullptr);
+
+  FieldDescriptorArray message_fields(tmp_message_fields_.begin(),
+                                      tmp_message_fields_.end());
+
+  return message_fields;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CompareRequestedFieldsUsingSettings(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const FieldDescriptorArray& message1_fields,
+    const FieldDescriptorArray& message2_fields,
+    std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields) {
+  if (scope_ == FULL) {
+    if (message_field_comparison_ == EQUIVALENT) {
+      // We need to merge the field lists of both messages (i.e.
+      // we are merely checking for a difference in field values,
+      // rather than the addition or deletion of fields).
+      FieldDescriptorArray fields_union =
+          CombineFields(message1_fields, FULL, message2_fields, FULL);
+      return CompareWithFieldsInternal(message1, message2, fields_union,
+                                       fields_union, parent_fields);
+    } else {
+      // Simple equality comparison, use the unaltered field lists.
+      return CompareWithFieldsInternal(message1, message2, message1_fields,
+                                       message2_fields, parent_fields);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (message_field_comparison_ == EQUIVALENT) {
+      // We use the list of fields for message1 for both messages when
+      // comparing.  This way, extra fields in message2 are ignored,
+      // and missing fields in message2 use their default value.
+      return CompareWithFieldsInternal(message1, message2, message1_fields,
+                                       message1_fields, parent_fields);
+    } else {
+      // We need to consider the full list of fields for message1
+      // but only the intersection for message2.  This way, any fields
+      // only present in message2 will be ignored, but any fields only
+      // present in message1 will be marked as a difference.
+      FieldDescriptorArray fields_intersection =
+          CombineFields(message1_fields, PARTIAL, message2_fields, PARTIAL);
+      return CompareWithFieldsInternal(message1, message2, message1_fields,
+                                       fields_intersection, parent_fields);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+FieldDescriptorArray MessageDifferencer::CombineFields(
+    const FieldDescriptorArray& fields1, Scope fields1_scope,
+    const FieldDescriptorArray& fields2, Scope fields2_scope) {
+  int index1 = 0;
+  int index2 = 0;
+
+  tmp_message_fields_.clear();
+
+  while (index1 < fields1.size() && index2 < fields2.size()) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field1 = fields1[index1];
+    const FieldDescriptor* field2 = fields2[index2];
+
+    if (FieldBefore(field1, field2)) {
+      if (fields1_scope == FULL) {
+        tmp_message_fields_.push_back(fields1[index1]);
+      }
+      ++index1;
+    } else if (FieldBefore(field2, field1)) {
+      if (fields2_scope == FULL) {
+        tmp_message_fields_.push_back(fields2[index2]);
+      }
+      ++index2;
+    } else {
+      tmp_message_fields_.push_back(fields1[index1]);
+      ++index1;
+      ++index2;
+    }
+  }
+
+  tmp_message_fields_.push_back(nullptr);
+
+  FieldDescriptorArray combined_fields(tmp_message_fields_.begin(),
+                                       tmp_message_fields_.end());
+
+  return combined_fields;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CompareWithFieldsInternal(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const FieldDescriptorArray& message1_fields,
+    const FieldDescriptorArray& message2_fields,
+    std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields) {
+  bool isDifferent = false;
+  int field_index1 = 0;
+  int field_index2 = 0;
+
+  const Reflection* reflection1 = message1.GetReflection();
+  const Reflection* reflection2 = message2.GetReflection();
+
+  while (true) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field1 = message1_fields[field_index1];
+    const FieldDescriptor* field2 = message2_fields[field_index2];
+
+    // Once we have reached sentinel values, we are done the comparison.
+    if (field1 == NULL && field2 == NULL) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // Check for differences in the field itself.
+    if (FieldBefore(field1, field2)) {
+      // Field 1 is not in the field list for message 2.
+      if (IsIgnored(message1, message2, field1, *parent_fields)) {
+        // We are ignoring field1. Report the ignore and move on to
+        // the next field in message1_fields.
+        if (reporter_ != NULL) {
+          SpecificField specific_field;
+          specific_field.field = field1;
+
+          parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+          if (report_ignores_) {
+            reporter_->ReportIgnored(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+          }
+          parent_fields->pop_back();
+        }
+        ++field_index1;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (reporter_ != NULL) {
+        assert(field1 != NULL);
+        int count = field1->is_repeated()
+                        ? reflection1->FieldSize(message1, field1)
+                        : 1;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+          SpecificField specific_field;
+          specific_field.field = field1;
+          specific_field.index = field1->is_repeated() ? i : -1;
+
+          parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+          reporter_->ReportDeleted(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+          parent_fields->pop_back();
+        }
+
+        isDifferent = true;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      ++field_index1;
+      continue;
+    } else if (FieldBefore(field2, field1)) {
+      // Field 2 is not in the field list for message 1.
+      if (IsIgnored(message1, message2, field2, *parent_fields)) {
+        // We are ignoring field2. Report the ignore and move on to
+        // the next field in message2_fields.
+        if (reporter_ != NULL) {
+          SpecificField specific_field;
+          specific_field.field = field2;
+
+          parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+          if (report_ignores_) {
+            reporter_->ReportIgnored(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+          }
+          parent_fields->pop_back();
+        }
+        ++field_index2;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (reporter_ != NULL) {
+        int count = field2->is_repeated()
+                        ? reflection2->FieldSize(message2, field2)
+                        : 1;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+          SpecificField specific_field;
+          specific_field.field = field2;
+          specific_field.index = field2->is_repeated() ? i : -1;
+          specific_field.new_index = specific_field.index;
+
+          parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+          reporter_->ReportAdded(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+          parent_fields->pop_back();
+        }
+
+        isDifferent = true;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      ++field_index2;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // By this point, field1 and field2 are guarenteed to point to the same
+    // field, so we can now compare the values.
+    if (IsIgnored(message1, message2, field1, *parent_fields)) {
+      // Ignore this field. Report and move on.
+      if (reporter_ != NULL) {
+        SpecificField specific_field;
+        specific_field.field = field1;
+
+        parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+        if (report_ignores_) {
+          reporter_->ReportIgnored(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+        }
+        parent_fields->pop_back();
+      }
+
+      ++field_index1;
+      ++field_index2;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    bool fieldDifferent = false;
+    assert(field1 != NULL);
+    if (field1->is_repeated()) {
+      fieldDifferent =
+          !CompareRepeatedField(message1, message2, field1, parent_fields);
+      if (fieldDifferent) {
+        if (reporter_ == NULL) return false;
+        isDifferent = true;
+      }
+    } else {
+      fieldDifferent = !CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(
+          message1, message2, field1, -1, -1, parent_fields);
+
+      // If we have found differences, either report them or terminate if
+      // no reporter is present.
+      if (fieldDifferent && reporter_ == NULL) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (reporter_ != NULL) {
+        SpecificField specific_field;
+        specific_field.field = field1;
+        parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+        if (fieldDifferent) {
+          reporter_->ReportModified(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+          isDifferent = true;
+        } else if (report_matches_) {
+          reporter_->ReportMatched(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+        }
+        parent_fields->pop_back();
+      }
+    }
+    // Increment the field indices.
+    ++field_index1;
+    ++field_index2;
+  }
+
+  return !isDifferent;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::IsMatch(
+    const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field,
+    const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator, const Message* message1,
+    const Message* message2, const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields,
+    Reporter* reporter, int index1, int index2) {
+  std::vector<SpecificField> current_parent_fields(parent_fields);
+  if (repeated_field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(*message1, *message2,
+                                              repeated_field, index1, index2,
+                                              &current_parent_fields);
+  }
+  // Back up the Reporter and output_string_.  They will be reset in the
+  // following code.
+  Reporter* backup_reporter = reporter_;
+  std::string* output_string = output_string_;
+  reporter_ = reporter;
+  output_string_ = NULL;
+  bool match;
+
+  if (key_comparator == NULL) {
+    match = CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(*message1, *message2,
+                                               repeated_field, index1, index2,
+                                               &current_parent_fields);
+  } else {
+    const Reflection* reflection1 = message1->GetReflection();
+    const Reflection* reflection2 = message2->GetReflection();
+    const Message& m1 =
+        reflection1->GetRepeatedMessage(*message1, repeated_field, index1);
+    const Message& m2 =
+        reflection2->GetRepeatedMessage(*message2, repeated_field, index2);
+    SpecificField specific_field;
+    specific_field.field = repeated_field;
+    specific_field.index = index1;
+    specific_field.new_index = index2;
+    current_parent_fields.push_back(specific_field);
+    match = key_comparator->IsMatch(m1, m2, current_parent_fields);
+  }
+
+  reporter_ = backup_reporter;
+  output_string_ = output_string;
+  return match;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CompareRepeatedField(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field,
+    std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields) {
+  // the input FieldDescriptor is guaranteed to be repeated field.
+  const Reflection* reflection1 = message1.GetReflection();
+  const Reflection* reflection2 = message2.GetReflection();
+  const int count1 = reflection1->FieldSize(message1, repeated_field);
+  const int count2 = reflection2->FieldSize(message2, repeated_field);
+  const bool treated_as_subset = IsTreatedAsSubset(repeated_field);
+
+  // If the field is not treated as subset and no detailed reports is needed,
+  // we do a quick check on the number of the elements to avoid unnecessary
+  // comparison.
+  if (count1 != count2 && reporter_ == NULL && !treated_as_subset) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // A match can never be found if message1 has more items than message2.
+  if (count1 > count2 && reporter_ == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // These two list are used for store the index of the correspondent
+  // element in peer repeated field.
+  std::vector<int> match_list1;
+  std::vector<int> match_list2;
+
+  const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator = GetMapKeyComparator(repeated_field);
+  bool smart_list = IsTreatedAsSmartList(repeated_field);
+  bool simple_list = key_comparator == nullptr &&
+                     !IsTreatedAsSet(repeated_field) &&
+                     !IsTreatedAsSmartSet(repeated_field) && !smart_list;
+
+  // For simple lists, we avoid matching repeated field indices, saving the
+  // memory allocations that would otherwise be needed for match_list1 and
+  // match_list2.
+  if (!simple_list) {
+    // Try to match indices of the repeated fields. Return false if match fails.
+    if (!MatchRepeatedFieldIndices(message1, message2, repeated_field,
+                                   key_comparator, *parent_fields, &match_list1,
+                                   &match_list2) &&
+        reporter_ == nullptr) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool fieldDifferent = false;
+  SpecificField specific_field;
+  specific_field.field = repeated_field;
+
+  // At this point, we have already matched pairs of fields (with the reporting
+  // to be done later). Now to check if the paired elements are different.
+  int next_unmatched_index = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < count1; i++) {
+    if (simple_list && i >= count2) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if (!simple_list && match_list1[i] == -1) {
+      if (smart_list) {
+        if (reporter_ == nullptr) return false;
+        specific_field.index = i;
+        parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+        reporter_->ReportDeleted(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+        parent_fields->pop_back();
+        fieldDifferent = true;
+        // Use -2 to mark this element has been reported.
+        match_list1[i] = -2;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (smart_list) {
+      for (int j = next_unmatched_index; j < match_list1[i]; ++j) {
+        GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(0, j);
+        if (reporter_ == nullptr) return false;
+        specific_field.index = j;
+        specific_field.new_index = j;
+        parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+        reporter_->ReportAdded(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+        parent_fields->pop_back();
+        fieldDifferent = true;
+        // Use -2 to mark this element has been reported.
+        match_list2[j] = -2;
+      }
+    }
+    specific_field.index = i;
+    if (simple_list) {
+      specific_field.new_index = i;
+    } else {
+      specific_field.new_index = match_list1[i];
+      next_unmatched_index = match_list1[i] + 1;
+    }
+
+    const bool result = CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(
+        message1, message2, repeated_field, i, specific_field.new_index,
+        parent_fields);
+
+    // If we have found differences, either report them or terminate if
+    // no reporter is present. Note that ReportModified, ReportMoved, and
+    // ReportMatched are all mutually exclusive.
+    if (!result) {
+      if (reporter_ == NULL) return false;
+      parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+      reporter_->ReportModified(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+      parent_fields->pop_back();
+      fieldDifferent = true;
+    } else if (reporter_ != NULL &&
+               specific_field.index != specific_field.new_index &&
+               !specific_field.field->is_map() && report_moves_) {
+      parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+      reporter_->ReportMoved(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+      parent_fields->pop_back();
+    } else if (report_matches_ && reporter_ != NULL) {
+      parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+      reporter_->ReportMatched(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+      parent_fields->pop_back();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Report any remaining additions or deletions.
+  for (int i = 0; i < count2; ++i) {
+    if (!simple_list && match_list2[i] != -1) continue;
+    if (simple_list && i < count1) continue;
+    if (!treated_as_subset) {
+      fieldDifferent = true;
+    }
+
+    if (reporter_ == NULL) continue;
+    specific_field.index = i;
+    specific_field.new_index = i;
+    parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+    reporter_->ReportAdded(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+    parent_fields->pop_back();
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < count1; ++i) {
+    if (!simple_list && match_list1[i] != -1) continue;
+    if (simple_list && i < count2) continue;
+    assert(reporter_ != NULL);
+    specific_field.index = i;
+    parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+    reporter_->ReportDeleted(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+    parent_fields->pop_back();
+    fieldDifferent = true;
+  }
+  return !fieldDifferent;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CompareFieldValue(const Message& message1,
+                                           const Message& message2,
+                                           const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                           int index1, int index2) {
+  return CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(message1, message2, field, index1,
+                                            index2, NULL);
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, int index1, int index2,
+    std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields) {
+  FieldContext field_context(parent_fields);
+  FieldComparator::ComparisonResult result = GetFieldComparisonResult(
+      message1, message2, field, index1, index2, &field_context);
+
+  if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+      result == FieldComparator::RECURSE) {
+    // Get the nested messages and compare them using one of the Compare
+    // methods.
+    const Reflection* reflection1 = message1.GetReflection();
+    const Reflection* reflection2 = message2.GetReflection();
+    const Message& m1 =
+        field->is_repeated()
+            ? reflection1->GetRepeatedMessage(message1, field, index1)
+            : reflection1->GetMessage(message1, field);
+    const Message& m2 =
+        field->is_repeated()
+            ? reflection2->GetRepeatedMessage(message2, field, index2)
+            : reflection2->GetMessage(message2, field);
+
+    // parent_fields is used in calls to Reporter methods.
+    if (parent_fields != NULL) {
+      // Append currently compared field to the end of parent_fields.
+      SpecificField specific_field;
+      specific_field.field = field;
+      specific_field.index = index1;
+      specific_field.new_index = index2;
+      parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+      const bool compare_result = Compare(m1, m2, parent_fields);
+      parent_fields->pop_back();
+      return compare_result;
+    } else {
+      // Recreates parent_fields as if m1 and m2 had no parents.
+      return Compare(m1, m2);
+    }
+  } else {
+    return (result == FieldComparator::SAME);
+  }
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CheckPathChanged(
+    const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < field_path.size(); ++i) {
+    // Don't check indexes for map entries -- maps are unordered.
+    if (field_path[i].field != NULL && field_path[i].field->is_map()) continue;
+    if (field_path[i].index != field_path[i].new_index) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::IsTreatedAsSet(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (!field->is_repeated()) return false;
+  if (repeated_field_comparisons_.find(field) !=
+      repeated_field_comparisons_.end()) {
+    return repeated_field_comparisons_[field] == AS_SET;
+  }
+  return repeated_field_comparison_ == AS_SET;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::IsTreatedAsSmartSet(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (!field->is_repeated()) return false;
+  if (repeated_field_comparisons_.find(field) !=
+      repeated_field_comparisons_.end()) {
+    return repeated_field_comparisons_[field] == AS_SMART_SET;
+  }
+  return repeated_field_comparison_ == AS_SMART_SET;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::IsTreatedAsSmartList(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (!field->is_repeated()) return false;
+  if (repeated_field_comparisons_.find(field) !=
+      repeated_field_comparisons_.end()) {
+    return repeated_field_comparisons_[field] == AS_SMART_LIST;
+  }
+  return repeated_field_comparison_ == AS_SMART_LIST;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::IsTreatedAsSubset(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return scope_ == PARTIAL &&
+         (IsTreatedAsSet(field) || GetMapKeyComparator(field) != NULL);
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::IsIgnored(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+    const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) {
+  if (ignored_fields_.find(field) != ignored_fields_.end()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < ignore_criteria_.size(); ++i) {
+    if (ignore_criteria_[i]->IsIgnored(message1, message2, field,
+                                       parent_fields)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::IsUnknownFieldIgnored(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const SpecificField& field,
+    const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < ignore_criteria_.size(); ++i) {
+    if (ignore_criteria_[i]->IsUnknownFieldIgnored(message1, message2, field,
+                                                   parent_fields)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+const MessageDifferencer::MapKeyComparator*
+MessageDifferencer ::GetMapKeyComparator(const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  if (!field->is_repeated()) return NULL;
+  FieldKeyComparatorMap::const_iterator it =
+      map_field_key_comparator_.find(field);
+  if (it != map_field_key_comparator_.end()) {
+    return it->second;
+  }
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    // field cannot already be treated as list or set since TreatAsList() and
+    // TreatAsSet() call GetMapKeyComparator() and fail if it returns non-NULL.
+    return &map_entry_key_comparator_;
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+typedef std::pair<int, const UnknownField*> IndexUnknownFieldPair;
+
+struct UnknownFieldOrdering {
+  inline bool operator()(const IndexUnknownFieldPair& a,
+                         const IndexUnknownFieldPair& b) const {
+    if (a.second->number() < b.second->number()) return true;
+    if (a.second->number() > b.second->number()) return false;
+    return a.second->type() < b.second->type();
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::UnpackAny(const Message& any,
+                                   std::unique_ptr<Message>* data) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = any.GetReflection();
+  const FieldDescriptor* type_url_field;
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_field;
+  if (!internal::GetAnyFieldDescriptors(any, &type_url_field, &value_field)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const std::string& type_url = reflection->GetString(any, type_url_field);
+  std::string full_type_name;
+  if (!internal::ParseAnyTypeUrl(type_url, &full_type_name)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const Descriptor* desc =
+      any.GetDescriptor()->file()->pool()->FindMessageTypeByName(
+          full_type_name);
+  if (desc == NULL) {
+    GOOGLE_DLOG(ERROR) << "Proto type '" << full_type_name << "' not found";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (dynamic_message_factory_ == NULL) {
+    dynamic_message_factory_.reset(new DynamicMessageFactory());
+  }
+  data->reset(dynamic_message_factory_->GetPrototype(desc)->New());
+  std::string serialized_value = reflection->GetString(any, value_field);
+  if (!(*data)->ParseFromString(serialized_value)) {
+    GOOGLE_DLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to parse value for " << full_type_name;
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CompareUnknownFields(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_field_set1,
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_field_set2,
+    std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_field) {
+  // Ignore unknown fields in EQUIVALENT mode.
+  if (message_field_comparison_ == EQUIVALENT) return true;
+
+  if (unknown_field_set1.empty() && unknown_field_set2.empty()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool is_different = false;
+
+  // We first sort the unknown fields by field number and type (in other words,
+  // in tag order), making sure to preserve ordering of values with the same
+  // tag.  This allows us to report only meaningful differences between the
+  // two sets -- that is, differing values for the same tag.  We use
+  // IndexUnknownFieldPairs to keep track of the field's original index for
+  // reporting purposes.
+  std::vector<IndexUnknownFieldPair> fields1;  // unknown_field_set1, sorted
+  std::vector<IndexUnknownFieldPair> fields2;  // unknown_field_set2, sorted
+  fields1.reserve(unknown_field_set1.field_count());
+  fields2.reserve(unknown_field_set2.field_count());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < unknown_field_set1.field_count(); i++) {
+    fields1.push_back(std::make_pair(i, &unknown_field_set1.field(i)));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < unknown_field_set2.field_count(); i++) {
+    fields2.push_back(std::make_pair(i, &unknown_field_set2.field(i)));
+  }
+
+  UnknownFieldOrdering is_before;
+  std::stable_sort(fields1.begin(), fields1.end(), is_before);
+  std::stable_sort(fields2.begin(), fields2.end(), is_before);
+
+  // In order to fill in SpecificField::index, we have to keep track of how
+  // many values we've seen with the same field number and type.
+  // current_repeated points at the first field in this range, and
+  // current_repeated_start{1,2} are the indexes of the first field in the
+  // range within fields1 and fields2.
+  const UnknownField* current_repeated = NULL;
+  int current_repeated_start1 = 0;
+  int current_repeated_start2 = 0;
+
+  // Now that we have two sorted lists, we can detect fields which appear only
+  // in one list or the other by traversing them simultaneously.
+  int index1 = 0;
+  int index2 = 0;
+  while (index1 < fields1.size() || index2 < fields2.size()) {
+    enum {
+      ADDITION,
+      DELETION,
+      MODIFICATION,
+      COMPARE_GROUPS,
+      NO_CHANGE
+    } change_type;
+
+    // focus_field is the field we're currently reporting on.  (In the case
+    // of a modification, it's the field on the left side.)
+    const UnknownField* focus_field;
+    bool match = false;
+
+    if (index2 == fields2.size() ||
+        (index1 < fields1.size() &&
+         is_before(fields1[index1], fields2[index2]))) {
+      // fields1[index1] is not present in fields2.
+      change_type = DELETION;
+      focus_field = fields1[index1].second;
+    } else if (index1 == fields1.size() ||
+               is_before(fields2[index2], fields1[index1])) {
+      // fields2[index2] is not present in fields1.
+      if (scope_ == PARTIAL) {
+        // Ignore.
+        ++index2;
+        continue;
+      }
+      change_type = ADDITION;
+      focus_field = fields2[index2].second;
+    } else {
+      // Field type and number are the same.  See if the values differ.
+      change_type = MODIFICATION;
+      focus_field = fields1[index1].second;
+
+      switch (focus_field->type()) {
+        case UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT:
+          match = fields1[index1].second->varint() ==
+                  fields2[index2].second->varint();
+          break;
+        case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED32:
+          match = fields1[index1].second->fixed32() ==
+                  fields2[index2].second->fixed32();
+          break;
+        case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED64:
+          match = fields1[index1].second->fixed64() ==
+                  fields2[index2].second->fixed64();
+          break;
+        case UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          match = fields1[index1].second->length_delimited() ==
+                  fields2[index2].second->length_delimited();
+          break;
+        case UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP:
+          // We must deal with this later, after building the SpecificField.
+          change_type = COMPARE_GROUPS;
+          break;
+      }
+      if (match && change_type != COMPARE_GROUPS) {
+        change_type = NO_CHANGE;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (current_repeated == NULL ||
+        focus_field->number() != current_repeated->number() ||
+        focus_field->type() != current_repeated->type()) {
+      // We've started a new repeated field.
+      current_repeated = focus_field;
+      current_repeated_start1 = index1;
+      current_repeated_start2 = index2;
+    }
+
+    if (change_type == NO_CHANGE && reporter_ == NULL) {
+      // Fields were already compared and matched and we have no reporter.
+      ++index1;
+      ++index2;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Build the SpecificField.  This is slightly complicated.
+    SpecificField specific_field;
+    specific_field.unknown_field_number = focus_field->number();
+    specific_field.unknown_field_type = focus_field->type();
+
+    specific_field.unknown_field_set1 = &unknown_field_set1;
+    specific_field.unknown_field_set2 = &unknown_field_set2;
+
+    if (change_type != ADDITION) {
+      specific_field.unknown_field_index1 = fields1[index1].first;
+    }
+    if (change_type != DELETION) {
+      specific_field.unknown_field_index2 = fields2[index2].first;
+    }
+
+    // Calculate the field index.
+    if (change_type == ADDITION) {
+      specific_field.index = index2 - current_repeated_start2;
+      specific_field.new_index = index2 - current_repeated_start2;
+    } else {
+      specific_field.index = index1 - current_repeated_start1;
+      specific_field.new_index = index2 - current_repeated_start2;
+    }
+
+    if (IsUnknownFieldIgnored(message1, message2, specific_field,
+                              *parent_field)) {
+      if (reporter_ != NULL) {
+        parent_field->push_back(specific_field);
+        reporter_->ReportUnknownFieldIgnored(message1, message2, *parent_field);
+        parent_field->pop_back();
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (change_type == ADDITION || change_type == DELETION ||
+        change_type == MODIFICATION) {
+      if (reporter_ == NULL) {
+        // We found a difference and we have no reporter.
+        return false;
+      }
+      is_different = true;
+    }
+
+    parent_field->push_back(specific_field);
+
+    switch (change_type) {
+      case ADDITION:
+        reporter_->ReportAdded(message1, message2, *parent_field);
+        ++index2;
+        break;
+      case DELETION:
+        reporter_->ReportDeleted(message1, message2, *parent_field);
+        ++index1;
+        break;
+      case MODIFICATION:
+        reporter_->ReportModified(message1, message2, *parent_field);
+        ++index1;
+        ++index2;
+        break;
+      case COMPARE_GROUPS:
+        if (!CompareUnknownFields(
+                message1, message2, fields1[index1].second->group(),
+                fields2[index2].second->group(), parent_field)) {
+          if (reporter_ == NULL) return false;
+          is_different = true;
+          reporter_->ReportModified(message1, message2, *parent_field);
+        }
+        ++index1;
+        ++index2;
+        break;
+      case NO_CHANGE:
+        ++index1;
+        ++index2;
+        if (report_matches_) {
+          reporter_->ReportMatched(message1, message2, *parent_field);
+        }
+    }
+
+    parent_field->pop_back();
+  }
+
+  return !is_different;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Find maximum bipartite matching using the argumenting path algorithm.
+class MaximumMatcher {
+ public:
+  typedef std::function<bool(int, int)> NodeMatchCallback;
+  // MaximumMatcher takes ownership of the passed in callback and uses it to
+  // determine whether a node on the left side of the bipartial graph matches
+  // a node on the right side. count1 is the number of nodes on the left side
+  // of the graph and count2 to is the number of nodes on the right side.
+  // Every node is referred to using 0-based indices.
+  // If a maximum match is found, the result will be stored in match_list1 and
+  // match_list2. match_list1[i] == j means the i-th node on the left side is
+  // matched to the j-th node on the right side and match_list2[x] == y means
+  // the x-th node on the right side is matched to y-th node on the left side.
+  // match_list1[i] == -1 means the node is not matched. Same with match_list2.
+  MaximumMatcher(int count1, int count2, NodeMatchCallback callback,
+                 std::vector<int>* match_list1, std::vector<int>* match_list2);
+  // Find a maximum match and return the number of matched node pairs.
+  // If early_return is true, this method will return 0 immediately when it
+  // finds that not all nodes on the left side can be matched.
+  int FindMaximumMatch(bool early_return);
+
+ private:
+  // Determines whether the node on the left side of the bipartial graph
+  // matches the one on the right side.
+  bool Match(int left, int right);
+  // Find an argumenting path starting from the node v on the left side. If a
+  // path can be found, update match_list2_ to reflect the path and return
+  // true.
+  bool FindArgumentPathDFS(int v, std::vector<bool>* visited);
+
+  int count1_;
+  int count2_;
+  NodeMatchCallback match_callback_;
+  std::map<std::pair<int, int>, bool> cached_match_results_;
+  std::vector<int>* match_list1_;
+  std::vector<int>* match_list2_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MaximumMatcher);
+};
+
+MaximumMatcher::MaximumMatcher(int count1, int count2,
+                               NodeMatchCallback callback,
+                               std::vector<int>* match_list1,
+                               std::vector<int>* match_list2)
+    : count1_(count1),
+      count2_(count2),
+      match_callback_(std::move(callback)),
+      match_list1_(match_list1),
+      match_list2_(match_list2) {
+  match_list1_->assign(count1, -1);
+  match_list2_->assign(count2, -1);
+}
+
+int MaximumMatcher::FindMaximumMatch(bool early_return) {
+  int result = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < count1_; ++i) {
+    std::vector<bool> visited(count1_);
+    if (FindArgumentPathDFS(i, &visited)) {
+      ++result;
+    } else if (early_return) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+  // Backfill match_list1_ as we only filled match_list2_ when finding
+  // argumenting pathes.
+  for (int i = 0; i < count2_; ++i) {
+    if ((*match_list2_)[i] != -1) {
+      (*match_list1_)[(*match_list2_)[i]] = i;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool MaximumMatcher::Match(int left, int right) {
+  std::pair<int, int> p(left, right);
+  std::map<std::pair<int, int>, bool>::iterator it =
+      cached_match_results_.find(p);
+  if (it != cached_match_results_.end()) {
+    return it->second;
+  }
+  cached_match_results_[p] = match_callback_(left, right);
+  return cached_match_results_[p];
+}
+
+bool MaximumMatcher::FindArgumentPathDFS(int v, std::vector<bool>* visited) {
+  (*visited)[v] = true;
+  // We try to match those un-matched nodes on the right side first. This is
+  // the step that the navie greedy matching algorithm uses. In the best cases
+  // where the greedy algorithm can find a maximum matching, we will always
+  // find a match in this step and the performance will be identical to the
+  // greedy algorithm.
+  for (int i = 0; i < count2_; ++i) {
+    int matched = (*match_list2_)[i];
+    if (matched == -1 && Match(v, i)) {
+      (*match_list2_)[i] = v;
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  // Then we try those already matched nodes and see if we can find an
+  // alternaive match for the node matched to them.
+  // The greedy algorithm will stop before this and fail to produce the
+  // correct result.
+  for (int i = 0; i < count2_; ++i) {
+    int matched = (*match_list2_)[i];
+    if (matched != -1 && Match(v, i)) {
+      if (!(*visited)[matched] && FindArgumentPathDFS(matched, visited)) {
+        (*match_list2_)[i] = v;
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::MatchRepeatedFieldIndices(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field,
+    const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator,
+    const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields,
+    std::vector<int>* match_list1, std::vector<int>* match_list2) {
+  const int count1 =
+      message1.GetReflection()->FieldSize(message1, repeated_field);
+  const int count2 =
+      message2.GetReflection()->FieldSize(message2, repeated_field);
+  const bool is_treated_as_smart_set = IsTreatedAsSmartSet(repeated_field);
+
+  match_list1->assign(count1, -1);
+  match_list2->assign(count2, -1);
+  // Ensure that we don't report differences during the matching process. Since
+  // field comparators could potentially use this message differencer object to
+  // perform further comparisons, turn off reporting here and re-enable it
+  // before returning.
+  Reporter* reporter = reporter_;
+  reporter_ = NULL;
+  NumDiffsReporter num_diffs_reporter;
+  std::vector<int32> num_diffs_list1;
+  if (is_treated_as_smart_set) {
+    num_diffs_list1.assign(count1, kint32max);
+  }
+
+  bool success = true;
+  // Find potential match if this is a special repeated field.
+  if (scope_ == PARTIAL) {
+    // When partial matching is enabled, Compare(a, b) && Compare(a, c)
+    // doesn't necessarily imply Compare(b, c). Therefore a naive greedy
+    // algorithm will fail to find a maximum matching.
+    // Here we use the augmenting path algorithm.
+    auto callback = [&](int i1, int i2) {
+      return IsMatch(repeated_field, key_comparator, &message1, &message2,
+                     parent_fields, nullptr, i1, i2);
+    };
+    MaximumMatcher matcher(count1, count2, std::move(callback), match_list1,
+                           match_list2);
+    // If diff info is not needed, we should end the matching process as
+    // soon as possible if not all items can be matched.
+    bool early_return = (reporter == nullptr);
+    int match_count = matcher.FindMaximumMatch(early_return);
+    if (match_count != count1 && early_return) return false;
+    success = success && (match_count == count1);
+  } else {
+    int start_offset = 0;
+    // If the two repeated fields are treated as sets, optimize for the case
+    // where both start with same items stored in the same order.
+    if (IsTreatedAsSet(repeated_field) || is_treated_as_smart_set ||
+        IsTreatedAsSmartList(repeated_field)) {
+      start_offset = std::min(count1, count2);
+      for (int i = 0; i < count1 && i < count2; i++) {
+        if (IsMatch(repeated_field, key_comparator, &message1, &message2,
+                    parent_fields, nullptr, i, i)) {
+          match_list1->at(i) = i;
+          match_list2->at(i) = i;
+        } else {
+          start_offset = i;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    for (int i = start_offset; i < count1; ++i) {
+      // Indicates any matched elements for this repeated field.
+      bool match = false;
+      int matched_j = -1;
+
+      for (int j = start_offset; j < count2; j++) {
+        if (match_list2->at(j) != -1) {
+          if (!is_treated_as_smart_set || num_diffs_list1[i] == 0 ||
+              num_diffs_list1[match_list2->at(j)] == 0) {
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (is_treated_as_smart_set) {
+          num_diffs_reporter.Reset();
+          match = IsMatch(repeated_field, key_comparator, &message1, &message2,
+                          parent_fields, &num_diffs_reporter, i, j);
+        } else {
+          match = IsMatch(repeated_field, key_comparator, &message1, &message2,
+                          parent_fields, nullptr, i, j);
+        }
+
+        if (is_treated_as_smart_set) {
+          if (match) {
+            num_diffs_list1[i] = 0;
+          } else if (repeated_field->cpp_type() ==
+                     FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+            // Replace with the one with fewer diffs.
+            const int32 num_diffs = num_diffs_reporter.GetNumDiffs();
+            if (num_diffs < num_diffs_list1[i]) {
+              // If j has been already matched to some element, ensure the
+              // current num_diffs is smaller.
+              if (match_list2->at(j) == -1 ||
+                  num_diffs < num_diffs_list1[match_list2->at(j)]) {
+                num_diffs_list1[i] = num_diffs;
+                match = true;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (match) {
+          matched_j = j;
+          if (!is_treated_as_smart_set || num_diffs_list1[i] == 0) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      match = (matched_j != -1);
+      if (match) {
+        if (is_treated_as_smart_set && match_list2->at(matched_j) != -1) {
+          // This is to revert the previously matched index in list2.
+          match_list1->at(match_list2->at(matched_j)) = -1;
+          match = false;
+        }
+        match_list1->at(i) = matched_j;
+        match_list2->at(matched_j) = i;
+      }
+      if (!match && reporter == nullptr) return false;
+      success = success && match;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (IsTreatedAsSmartList(repeated_field)) {
+    match_indices_for_smart_list_callback_(match_list1, match_list2);
+  }
+
+  reporter_ = reporter;
+
+  return success;
+}
+
+FieldComparator::ComparisonResult MessageDifferencer::GetFieldComparisonResult(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, int index1, int index2,
+    const FieldContext* field_context) {
+  FieldComparator* comparator = field_comparator_ != NULL
+                                    ? field_comparator_
+                                    : &default_field_comparator_;
+  return comparator->Compare(message1, message2, field, index1, index2,
+                             field_context);
+}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+
+MessageDifferencer::Reporter::Reporter() {}
+MessageDifferencer::Reporter::~Reporter() {}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+
+MessageDifferencer::MapKeyComparator::MapKeyComparator() {}
+MessageDifferencer::MapKeyComparator::~MapKeyComparator() {}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+
+MessageDifferencer::IgnoreCriteria::IgnoreCriteria() {}
+MessageDifferencer::IgnoreCriteria::~IgnoreCriteria() {}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+
+// Note that the printer's delimiter is not used, because if we are given a
+// printer, we don't know its delimiter.
+MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::StreamReporter(
+    io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output)
+    : printer_(new io::Printer(output, '$')),
+      delete_printer_(true),
+      report_modified_aggregates_(false) {}
+
+MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::StreamReporter(io::Printer* printer)
+    : printer_(printer),
+      delete_printer_(false),
+      report_modified_aggregates_(false) {}
+
+MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::~StreamReporter() {
+  if (delete_printer_) delete printer_;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::PrintPath(
+    const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path, bool left_side) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < field_path.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i > 0) {
+      printer_->Print(".");
+    }
+
+    SpecificField specific_field = field_path[i];
+
+    if (specific_field.field != NULL) {
+      if (specific_field.field->is_extension()) {
+        printer_->Print("($name$)", "name", specific_field.field->full_name());
+      } else {
+        printer_->PrintRaw(specific_field.field->name());
+      }
+      if (specific_field.field->is_map()) {
+        // Don't print index in a map field; they are semantically unordered.
+        continue;
+      }
+    } else {
+      printer_->PrintRaw(StrCat(specific_field.unknown_field_number));
+    }
+    if (left_side && specific_field.index >= 0) {
+      printer_->Print("[$name$]", "name", StrCat(specific_field.index));
+    }
+    if (!left_side && specific_field.new_index >= 0) {
+      printer_->Print("[$name$]", "name",
+                      StrCat(specific_field.new_index));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::PrintPath(
+    const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path, bool left_side,
+    const Message& message) {
+  PrintPath(field_path, left_side);
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::PrintValue(
+    const Message& message, const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path,
+    bool left_side) {
+  const SpecificField& specific_field = field_path.back();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = specific_field.field;
+  if (field != NULL) {
+    std::string output;
+    int index = left_side ? specific_field.index : specific_field.new_index;
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+      const Message& field_message =
+          field->is_repeated()
+              ? reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, field, index)
+              : reflection->GetMessage(message, field);
+      output = field_message.ShortDebugString();
+      if (output.empty()) {
+        printer_->Print("{ }");
+      } else {
+        printer_->Print("{ $name$ }", "name", output);
+      }
+    } else {
+      TextFormat::PrintFieldValueToString(message, field, index, &output);
+      printer_->PrintRaw(output);
+    }
+  } else {
+    const UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields =
+        (left_side ? specific_field.unknown_field_set1
+                   : specific_field.unknown_field_set2);
+    const UnknownField* unknown_field =
+        &unknown_fields->field(left_side ? specific_field.unknown_field_index1
+                                         : specific_field.unknown_field_index2);
+    PrintUnknownFieldValue(unknown_field);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::PrintUnknownFieldValue(
+    const UnknownField* unknown_field) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(unknown_field != NULL) << " Cannot print NULL unknown_field.";
+
+  std::string output;
+  switch (unknown_field->type()) {
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT:
+      output = StrCat(unknown_field->varint());
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      output = StrCat(
+          "0x", strings::Hex(unknown_field->fixed32(), strings::ZERO_PAD_8));
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      output = StrCat(
+          "0x", strings::Hex(unknown_field->fixed64(), strings::ZERO_PAD_16));
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+      output = StringPrintf(
+          "\"%s\"", CEscape(unknown_field->length_delimited()).c_str());
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP:
+      // TODO(kenton):  Print the contents of the group like we do for
+      //   messages.  Requires an equivalent of ShortDebugString() for
+      //   UnknownFieldSet.
+      output = "{ ... }";
+      break;
+  }
+  printer_->PrintRaw(output);
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::Print(const std::string& str) {
+  printer_->Print(str.c_str());
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::ReportAdded(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  printer_->Print("added: ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, false, message2);
+  printer_->Print(": ");
+  PrintValue(message2, field_path, false);
+  printer_->Print("\n");  // Print for newlines.
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::ReportDeleted(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  printer_->Print("deleted: ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, true, message1);
+  printer_->Print(": ");
+  PrintValue(message1, field_path, true);
+  printer_->Print("\n");  // Print for newlines
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::ReportModified(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  if (!report_modified_aggregates_ && field_path.back().field == NULL) {
+    if (field_path.back().unknown_field_type == UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP) {
+      // Any changes to the subfields have already been printed.
+      return;
+    }
+  } else if (!report_modified_aggregates_) {
+    if (field_path.back().field->cpp_type() ==
+        FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      // Any changes to the subfields have already been printed.
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  printer_->Print("modified: ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, true, message1);
+  if (CheckPathChanged(field_path)) {
+    printer_->Print(" -> ");
+    PrintPath(field_path, false, message2);
+  }
+  printer_->Print(": ");
+  PrintValue(message1, field_path, true);
+  printer_->Print(" -> ");
+  PrintValue(message2, field_path, false);
+  printer_->Print("\n");  // Print for newlines.
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::ReportMoved(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  printer_->Print("moved: ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, true, message1);
+  printer_->Print(" -> ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, false, message2);
+  printer_->Print(" : ");
+  PrintValue(message1, field_path, true);
+  printer_->Print("\n");  // Print for newlines.
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::ReportMatched(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  printer_->Print("matched: ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, true, message1);
+  if (CheckPathChanged(field_path)) {
+    printer_->Print(" -> ");
+    PrintPath(field_path, false, message2);
+  }
+  printer_->Print(" : ");
+  PrintValue(message1, field_path, true);
+  printer_->Print("\n");  // Print for newlines.
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::ReportIgnored(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  printer_->Print("ignored: ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, true, message1);
+  if (CheckPathChanged(field_path)) {
+    printer_->Print(" -> ");
+    PrintPath(field_path, false, message2);
+  }
+  printer_->Print("\n");  // Print for newlines.
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::ReportUnknownFieldIgnored(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  printer_->Print("ignored: ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, true, message1);
+  if (CheckPathChanged(field_path)) {
+    printer_->Print(" -> ");
+    PrintPath(field_path, false, message2);
+  }
+  printer_->Print("\n");  // Print for newlines.
+}
+
+MessageDifferencer::MapKeyComparator*
+MessageDifferencer::CreateMultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator(
+    const std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> >& key_field_paths) {
+  return new MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator(this, key_field_paths);
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21cf374dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jschorr@google.com (Joseph Schorr)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file defines static methods and classes for comparing Protocol
+// Messages.
+//
+// Aug. 2008: Added Unknown Fields Comparison for messages.
+// Aug. 2009: Added different options to compare repeated fields.
+// Apr. 2010: Moved field comparison to FieldComparator.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_MESSAGE_DIFFERENCER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_MESSAGE_DIFFERENCER_H__
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>  // FieldDescriptor
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>     // Message
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h>
+
+// Always include as last one, otherwise it can break compilation
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class DynamicMessageFactory;
+class FieldDescriptor;
+
+namespace io {
+class ZeroCopyOutputStream;
+class Printer;
+}  // namespace io
+
+namespace util {
+
+class DefaultFieldComparator;
+class FieldContext;  // declared below MessageDifferencer
+
+// Defines a collection of field descriptors.
+// In case of internal google codebase we are using absl::FixedArray instead
+// of vector. It significantly speeds up proto comparison (by ~30%) by
+// reducing the number of malloc/free operations
+typedef std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> FieldDescriptorArray;
+
+// A basic differencer that can be used to determine
+// the differences between two specified Protocol Messages. If any differences
+// are found, the Compare method will return false, and any differencer reporter
+// specified via ReportDifferencesTo will have its reporting methods called (see
+// below for implementation of the report). Based off of the original
+// ProtocolDifferencer implementation in //net/proto/protocol-differencer.h
+// (Thanks Todd!).
+//
+// MessageDifferencer REQUIRES that compared messages be the same type, defined
+// as messages that share the same descriptor.  If not, the behavior of this
+// class is undefined.
+//
+// People disagree on what MessageDifferencer should do when asked to compare
+// messages with different descriptors.  Some people think it should always
+// return false.  Others expect it to try to look for similar fields and
+// compare them anyway -- especially if the descriptors happen to be identical.
+// If we chose either of these behaviors, some set of people would find it
+// surprising, and could end up writing code expecting the other behavior
+// without realizing their error.  Therefore, we forbid that usage.
+//
+// This class is implemented based on the proto2 reflection. The performance
+// should be good enough for normal usages. However, for places where the
+// performance is extremely sensitive, there are several alternatives:
+// - Comparing serialized string
+// Downside: false negatives (there are messages that are the same but their
+// serialized strings are different).
+// - Equals code generator by compiler plugin (net/proto2/contrib/equals_plugin)
+// Downside: more generated code; maintenance overhead for the additional rule
+// (must be in sync with the original proto_library).
+//
+// Note on handling of google.protobuf.Any: MessageDifferencer automatically
+// unpacks Any::value into a Message and compares its individual fields.
+// Messages encoded in a repeated Any cannot be compared using TreatAsMap.
+//
+// Note on thread-safety: MessageDifferencer is *not* thread-safe. You need to
+// guard it with a lock to use the same MessageDifferencer instance from
+// multiple threads. Note that it's fine to call static comparison methods
+// (like MessageDifferencer::Equals) concurrently, but it's not recommended for
+// performance critical code as it leads to extra allocations.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
+ public:
+  // Determines whether the supplied messages are equal. Equality is defined as
+  // all fields within the two messages being set to the same value. Primitive
+  // fields and strings are compared by value while embedded messages/groups
+  // are compared as if via a recursive call. Use Compare() with IgnoreField()
+  // if some fields should be ignored in the comparison. Use Compare() with
+  // TreatAsSet() if there are repeated fields where ordering does not matter.
+  //
+  // This method REQUIRES that the two messages have the same
+  // Descriptor (message1.GetDescriptor() == message2.GetDescriptor()).
+  static bool Equals(const Message& message1, const Message& message2);
+
+  // Determines whether the supplied messages are equivalent. Equivalency is
+  // defined as all fields within the two messages having the same value. This
+  // differs from the Equals method above in that fields with default values
+  // are considered set to said value automatically. For details on how default
+  // values are defined for each field type, see:
+  // https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto?csw=1#optional.
+  // Also, Equivalent() ignores unknown fields. Use IgnoreField() and Compare()
+  // if some fields should be ignored in the comparison.
+  //
+  // This method REQUIRES that the two messages have the same
+  // Descriptor (message1.GetDescriptor() == message2.GetDescriptor()).
+  static bool Equivalent(const Message& message1, const Message& message2);
+
+  // Determines whether the supplied messages are approximately equal.
+  // Approximate equality is defined as all fields within the two messages
+  // being approximately equal.  Primitive (non-float) fields and strings are
+  // compared by value, floats are compared using MathUtil::AlmostEquals() and
+  // embedded messages/groups are compared as if via a recursive call. Use
+  // IgnoreField() and Compare() if some fields should be ignored in the
+  // comparison.
+  //
+  // This method REQUIRES that the two messages have the same
+  // Descriptor (message1.GetDescriptor() == message2.GetDescriptor()).
+  static bool ApproximatelyEquals(const Message& message1,
+                                  const Message& message2);
+
+  // Determines whether the supplied messages are approximately equivalent.
+  // Approximate equivalency is defined as all fields within the two messages
+  // being approximately equivalent. As in
+  // MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquals, primitive (non-float) fields and
+  // strings are compared by value, floats are compared using
+  // MathUtil::AlmostEquals() and embedded messages/groups are compared as if
+  // via a recursive call. However, fields with default values are considered
+  // set to said value, as per MessageDiffencer::Equivalent. Use IgnoreField()
+  // and Compare() if some fields should be ignored in the comparison.
+  //
+  // This method REQUIRES that the two messages have the same
+  // Descriptor (message1.GetDescriptor() == message2.GetDescriptor()).
+  static bool ApproximatelyEquivalent(const Message& message1,
+                                      const Message& message2);
+
+  // Identifies an individual field in a message instance.  Used for field_path,
+  // below.
+  struct SpecificField {
+    // For known fields, "field" is filled in and "unknown_field_number" is -1.
+    // For unknown fields, "field" is NULL, "unknown_field_number" is the field
+    // number, and "unknown_field_type" is its type.
+    const FieldDescriptor* field;
+    int unknown_field_number;
+    UnknownField::Type unknown_field_type;
+
+    // If this a repeated field, "index" is the index within it.  For unknown
+    // fields, this is the index of the field among all unknown fields of the
+    // same field number and type.
+    int index;
+
+    // If "field" is a repeated field which is being treated as a map or
+    // a set (see TreatAsMap() and TreatAsSet(), below), new_index indicates
+    // the index the position to which the element has moved.  If the element
+    // has not moved, "new_index" will have the same value as "index".
+    int new_index;
+
+    // For unknown fields, these are the pointers to the UnknownFieldSet
+    // containing the unknown fields. In certain cases (e.g. proto1's
+    // MessageSet, or nested groups of unknown fields), these may differ from
+    // the messages' internal UnknownFieldSets.
+    const UnknownFieldSet* unknown_field_set1;
+    const UnknownFieldSet* unknown_field_set2;
+
+    // For unknown fields, these are the index of the field within the
+    // UnknownFieldSets. One or the other will be -1 when
+    // reporting an addition or deletion.
+    int unknown_field_index1;
+    int unknown_field_index2;
+
+    SpecificField()
+        : field(NULL),
+          unknown_field_number(-1),
+          index(-1),
+          new_index(-1),
+          unknown_field_set1(NULL),
+          unknown_field_set2(NULL),
+          unknown_field_index1(-1),
+          unknown_field_index2(-1) {}
+  };
+
+  // Abstract base class from which all MessageDifferencer
+  // reporters derive. The five Report* methods below will be called when
+  // a field has been added, deleted, modified, moved, or matched. The third
+  // argument is a vector of FieldDescriptor pointers which describes the chain
+  // of fields that was taken to find the current field. For example, for a
+  // field found in an embedded message, the vector will contain two
+  // FieldDescriptors. The first will be the field of the embedded message
+  // itself and the second will be the actual field in the embedded message
+  // that was added/deleted/modified.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Reporter {
+   public:
+    Reporter();
+    virtual ~Reporter();
+
+    // Reports that a field has been added into Message2.
+    virtual void ReportAdded(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                             const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) = 0;
+
+    // Reports that a field has been deleted from Message1.
+    virtual void ReportDeleted(
+        const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) = 0;
+
+    // Reports that the value of a field has been modified.
+    virtual void ReportModified(
+        const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) = 0;
+
+    // Reports that a repeated field has been moved to another location.  This
+    // only applies when using TreatAsSet or TreatAsMap()  -- see below. Also
+    // note that for any given field, ReportModified and ReportMoved are
+    // mutually exclusive. If a field has been both moved and modified, then
+    // only ReportModified will be called.
+    virtual void ReportMoved(
+        const Message& /* message1 */, const Message& /* message2 */,
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& /* field_path */) {}
+
+    // Reports that two fields match. Useful for doing side-by-side diffs.
+    // This function is mutually exclusive with ReportModified and ReportMoved.
+    // Note that you must call set_report_matches(true) before calling Compare
+    // to make use of this function.
+    virtual void ReportMatched(
+        const Message& /* message1 */, const Message& /* message2 */,
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& /* field_path */) {}
+
+    // Reports that two fields would have been compared, but the
+    // comparison has been skipped because the field was marked as
+    // 'ignored' using IgnoreField().  This function is mutually
+    // exclusive with all the other Report() functions.
+    //
+    // The contract of ReportIgnored is slightly different than the
+    // other Report() functions, in that |field_path.back().index| is
+    // always equal to -1, even if the last field is repeated. This is
+    // because while the other Report() functions indicate where in a
+    // repeated field the action (Addition, Deletion, etc...)
+    // happened, when a repeated field is 'ignored', the differencer
+    // simply calls ReportIgnored on the repeated field as a whole and
+    // moves on without looking at its individual elements.
+    //
+    // Furthermore, ReportIgnored() does not indicate whether the
+    // fields were in fact equal or not, as Compare() does not inspect
+    // these fields at all. It is up to the Reporter to decide whether
+    // the fields are equal or not (perhaps with a second call to
+    // Compare()), if it cares.
+    virtual void ReportIgnored(
+        const Message& /* message1 */, const Message& /* message2 */,
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& /* field_path */) {}
+
+    // Report that an unknown field is ignored. (see comment above).
+    // Note this is a different function since the last SpecificField in field
+    // path has a null field.  This could break existing Reporter.
+    virtual void ReportUnknownFieldIgnored(
+        const Message& /* message1 */, const Message& /* message2 */,
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& /* field_path */) {}
+
+   private:
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Reporter);
+  };
+
+  // MapKeyComparator is used to determine if two elements have the same key
+  // when comparing elements of a repeated field as a map.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MapKeyComparator {
+   public:
+    MapKeyComparator();
+    virtual ~MapKeyComparator();
+
+    virtual bool IsMatch(
+        const Message& /* message1 */, const Message& /* message2 */,
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& /* parent_fields */) const {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(false) << "IsMatch() is not implemented.";
+      return false;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MapKeyComparator);
+  };
+
+  // Abstract base class from which all IgnoreCriteria derive.
+  // By adding IgnoreCriteria more complex ignore logic can be implemented.
+  // IgnoreCriteria are registed with AddIgnoreCriteria. For each compared
+  // field IsIgnored is called on each added IgnoreCriteria until one returns
+  // true or all return false.
+  // IsIgnored is called for fields where at least one side has a value.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT IgnoreCriteria {
+   public:
+    IgnoreCriteria();
+    virtual ~IgnoreCriteria();
+
+    // Returns true if the field should be ignored.
+    virtual bool IsIgnored(
+        const Message& /* message1 */, const Message& /* message2 */,
+        const FieldDescriptor* /* field */,
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& /* parent_fields */) = 0;
+
+    // Returns true if the unknown field should be ignored.
+    // Note: This will be called for unknown fields as well in which case
+    //       field.field will be null.
+    virtual bool IsUnknownFieldIgnored(
+        const Message& /* message1 */, const Message& /* message2 */,
+        const SpecificField& /* field */,
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& /* parent_fields */) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // To add a Reporter, construct default here, then use ReportDifferencesTo or
+  // ReportDifferencesToString.
+  explicit MessageDifferencer();
+
+  ~MessageDifferencer();
+
+  enum MessageFieldComparison {
+    EQUAL,       // Fields must be present in both messages
+                 // for the messages to be considered the same.
+    EQUIVALENT,  // Fields with default values are considered set
+                 // for comparison purposes even if not explicitly
+                 // set in the messages themselves.  Unknown fields
+                 // are ignored.
+  };
+
+  enum Scope {
+    FULL,    // All fields of both messages are considered in the comparison.
+    PARTIAL  // Only fields present in the first message are considered; fields
+             // set only in the second message will be skipped during
+             // comparison.
+  };
+
+  // DEPRECATED. Use FieldComparator::FloatComparison instead.
+  enum FloatComparison {
+    EXACT,       // Floats and doubles are compared exactly.
+    APPROXIMATE  // Floats and doubles are compared using the
+                 // MathUtil::AlmostEquals method.
+  };
+
+  enum RepeatedFieldComparison {
+    AS_LIST,  // Repeated fields are compared in order.  Differing values at
+              // the same index are reported using ReportModified().  If the
+              // repeated fields have different numbers of elements, the
+              // unpaired elements are reported using ReportAdded() or
+              // ReportDeleted().
+    AS_SET,   // Treat all the repeated fields as sets.
+              // See TreatAsSet(), as below.
+    AS_SMART_LIST,  // Similar to AS_SET, but preserve the order and find the
+                    // longest matching sequence from the first matching
+                    // element. To use an optimal solution, call
+                    // SetMatchIndicesForSmartListCallback() to pass it in.
+    AS_SMART_SET,   // Similar to AS_SET, but match elements with fewest diffs.
+  };
+
+  // The elements of the given repeated field will be treated as a set for
+  // diffing purposes, so different orderings of the same elements will be
+  // considered equal.  Elements which are present on both sides of the
+  // comparison but which have changed position will be reported with
+  // ReportMoved().  Elements which only exist on one side or the other are
+  // reported with ReportAdded() and ReportDeleted() regardless of their
+  // positions.  ReportModified() is never used for this repeated field.  If
+  // the only differences between the compared messages is that some fields
+  // have been moved, then the comparison returns true.
+  //
+  // Note that despite the name of this method, this is really
+  // comparison as multisets: if one side of the comparison has a duplicate
+  // in the repeated field but the other side doesn't, this will count as
+  // a mismatch.
+  //
+  // If the scope of comparison is set to PARTIAL, then in addition to what's
+  // above, extra values added to repeated fields of the second message will
+  // not cause the comparison to fail.
+  //
+  // Note that set comparison is currently O(k * n^2) (where n is the total
+  // number of elements, and k is the average size of each element). In theory
+  // it could be made O(n * k) with a more complex hashing implementation. Feel
+  // free to contribute one if the current implementation is too slow for you.
+  // If partial matching is also enabled, the time complexity will be O(k * n^2
+  // + n^3) in which n^3 is the time complexity of the maximum matching
+  // algorithm.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES:  field->is_repeated() and field not registered with TreatAsList
+  void TreatAsSet(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+  void TreatAsSmartSet(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  // The elements of the given repeated field will be treated as a list for
+  // diffing purposes, so different orderings of the same elements will NOT be
+  // considered equal.
+  //
+  // REQUIRED: field->is_repeated() and field not registered with TreatAsSet
+  void TreatAsList(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+  // Note that the complexity is similar to treating as SET.
+  void TreatAsSmartList(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  // The elements of the given repeated field will be treated as a map for
+  // diffing purposes, with |key| being the map key.  Thus, elements with the
+  // same key will be compared even if they do not appear at the same index.
+  // Differences are reported similarly to TreatAsSet(), except that
+  // ReportModified() is used to report elements with the same key but
+  // different values.  Note that if an element is both moved and modified,
+  // only ReportModified() will be called.  As with TreatAsSet, if the only
+  // differences between the compared messages is that some fields have been
+  // moved, then the comparison returns true. See TreatAsSet for notes on
+  // performance.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES:  field->is_repeated()
+  // REQUIRES:  field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
+  // REQUIRES:  key->containing_type() == field->message_type()
+  void TreatAsMap(const FieldDescriptor* field, const FieldDescriptor* key);
+  // Same as TreatAsMap except that this method will use multiple fields as
+  // the key in comparison. All specified fields in 'key_fields' should be
+  // present in the compared elements. Two elements will be treated as having
+  // the same key iff they have the same value for every specified field. There
+  // are two steps in the comparison process. The first one is key matching.
+  // Every element from one message will be compared to every element from
+  // the other message. Only fields in 'key_fields' are compared in this step
+  // to decide if two elements have the same key. The second step is value
+  // comparison. Those pairs of elements with the same key (with equal value
+  // for every field in 'key_fields') will be compared in this step.
+  // Time complexity of the first step is O(s * m * n ^ 2) where s is the
+  // average size of the fields specified in 'key_fields', m is the number of
+  // fields in 'key_fields' and n is the number of elements. If partial
+  // matching is enabled, an extra O(n^3) will be incured by the maximum
+  // matching algorithm. The second step is O(k * n) where k is the average
+  // size of each element.
+  void TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& key_fields);
+  // Same as TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey, except that each of the field
+  // do not necessarily need to be a direct subfield. Each element in
+  // key_field_paths indicate a path from the message being compared, listing
+  // successive subfield to reach the key field.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES:
+  //   for key_field_path in key_field_paths:
+  //     key_field_path[0]->containing_type() == field->message_type()
+  //     for i in [0, key_field_path.size() - 1):
+  //       key_field_path[i+1]->containing_type() ==
+  //           key_field_path[i]->message_type()
+  //       key_field_path[i]->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
+  //       !key_field_path[i]->is_repeated()
+  void TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldPathsAsKey(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+      const std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> >& key_field_paths);
+
+  // Uses a custom MapKeyComparator to determine if two elements have the same
+  // key when comparing a repeated field as a map.
+  // The caller is responsible to delete the key_comparator.
+  // This method varies from TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey only in the
+  // first key matching step. Rather than comparing some specified fields, it
+  // will invoke the IsMatch method of the given 'key_comparator' to decide if
+  // two elements have the same key.
+  void TreatAsMapUsingKeyComparator(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator);
+
+  // Initiates and returns a new instance of MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator.
+  MapKeyComparator* CreateMultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator(
+      const std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> >& key_field_paths);
+
+  // Add a custom ignore criteria that is evaluated in addition to the
+  // ignored fields added with IgnoreField.
+  // Takes ownership of ignore_criteria.
+  void AddIgnoreCriteria(IgnoreCriteria* ignore_criteria);
+
+  // Indicates that any field with the given descriptor should be
+  // ignored for the purposes of comparing two messages. This applies
+  // to fields nested in the message structure as well as top level
+  // ones. When the MessageDifferencer encounters an ignored field,
+  // ReportIgnored is called on the reporter, if one is specified.
+  //
+  // The only place where the field's 'ignored' status is not applied is when
+  // it is being used as a key in a field passed to TreatAsMap or is one of
+  // the fields passed to TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey.
+  // In this case it is compared in key matching but after that it's ignored
+  // in value comparison.
+  void IgnoreField(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  // Sets the field comparator used to determine differences between protocol
+  // buffer fields. By default it's set to a DefaultFieldComparator instance.
+  // MessageDifferencer doesn't take ownership over the passed object.
+  // Note that this method must be called before Compare for the comparator to
+  // be used.
+  void set_field_comparator(FieldComparator* comparator);
+
+  // DEPRECATED. Pass a DefaultFieldComparator instance instead.
+  // Sets the fraction and margin for the float comparison of a given field.
+  // Uses MathUtil::WithinFractionOrMargin to compare the values.
+  // NOTE: this method does nothing if differencer's field comparator has been
+  //       set to a custom object.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: field->cpp_type == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE or
+  //           field->cpp_type == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT
+  // REQUIRES: float_comparison_ == APPROXIMATE
+  void SetFractionAndMargin(const FieldDescriptor* field, double fraction,
+                            double margin);
+
+  // Sets the type of comparison (as defined in the MessageFieldComparison
+  // enumeration above) that is used by this differencer when determining how
+  // to compare fields in messages.
+  void set_message_field_comparison(MessageFieldComparison comparison);
+
+  // Tells the differencer whether or not to report matches. This method must
+  // be called before Compare. The default for a new differencer is false.
+  void set_report_matches(bool report_matches) {
+    report_matches_ = report_matches;
+  }
+
+  // Tells the differencer whether or not to report moves (in a set or map
+  // repeated field). This method must be called before Compare. The default for
+  // a new differencer is true.
+  void set_report_moves(bool report_moves) { report_moves_ = report_moves; }
+
+  // Tells the differencer whether or not to report ignored values. This method
+  // must be called before Compare. The default for a new differencer is true.
+  void set_report_ignores(bool report_ignores) {
+    report_ignores_ = report_ignores;
+  }
+
+  // Sets the scope of the comparison (as defined in the Scope enumeration
+  // above) that is used by this differencer when determining which fields to
+  // compare between the messages.
+  void set_scope(Scope scope);
+
+  // Returns the current scope used by this differencer.
+  Scope scope();
+
+  // DEPRECATED. Pass a DefaultFieldComparator instance instead.
+  // Sets the type of comparison (as defined in the FloatComparison enumeration
+  // above) that is used by this differencer when comparing float (and double)
+  // fields in messages.
+  // NOTE: this method does nothing if differencer's field comparator has been
+  //       set to a custom object.
+  void set_float_comparison(FloatComparison comparison);
+
+  // Sets the type of comparison for repeated field (as defined in the
+  // RepeatedFieldComparison enumeration above) that is used by this
+  // differencer when compare repeated fields in messages.
+  void set_repeated_field_comparison(RepeatedFieldComparison comparison);
+
+  // Returns the current repeated field comparison used by this differencer.
+  RepeatedFieldComparison repeated_field_comparison();
+
+  // Compares the two specified messages, returning true if they are the same,
+  // false otherwise. If this method returns false, any changes between the
+  // two messages will be reported if a Reporter was specified via
+  // ReportDifferencesTo (see also ReportDifferencesToString).
+  //
+  // This method REQUIRES that the two messages have the same
+  // Descriptor (message1.GetDescriptor() == message2.GetDescriptor()).
+  bool Compare(const Message& message1, const Message& message2);
+
+  // Same as above, except comparing only the list of fields specified by the
+  // two vectors of FieldDescriptors.
+  bool CompareWithFields(
+      const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message1_fields,
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message2_fields);
+
+  // Automatically creates a reporter that will output the differences
+  // found (if any) to the specified output string pointer. Note that this
+  // method must be called before Compare.
+  void ReportDifferencesToString(std::string* output);
+
+  // Tells the MessageDifferencer to report differences via the specified
+  // reporter. Note that this method must be called before Compare for
+  // the reporter to be used. It is the responsibility of the caller to delete
+  // this object.
+  // If the provided pointer equals NULL, the MessageDifferencer stops reporting
+  // differences to any previously set reporters or output strings.
+  void ReportDifferencesTo(Reporter* reporter);
+
+  // An implementation of the MessageDifferencer Reporter that outputs
+  // any differences found in human-readable form to the supplied
+  // ZeroCopyOutputStream or Printer. If a printer is used, the delimiter
+  // *must* be '$'.
+  //
+  // WARNING: this reporter does not necessarily flush its output until it is
+  // destroyed. As a result, it is not safe to assume the output is valid or
+  // complete until after you destroy the reporter. For example, if you use a
+  // StreamReporter to write to a StringOutputStream, the target string may
+  // contain uninitialized data until the reporter is destroyed.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT StreamReporter : public Reporter {
+   public:
+    explicit StreamReporter(io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output);
+    explicit StreamReporter(io::Printer* printer);  // delimiter '$'
+    ~StreamReporter() override;
+
+    // When set to true, the stream reporter will also output aggregates nodes
+    // (i.e. messages and groups) whose subfields have been modified. When
+    // false, will only report the individual subfields. Defaults to false.
+    void set_report_modified_aggregates(bool report) {
+      report_modified_aggregates_ = report;
+    }
+
+    // The following are implementations of the methods described above.
+
+    void ReportAdded(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                     const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) override;
+
+    void ReportDeleted(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                       const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) override;
+
+    void ReportModified(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                        const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) override;
+
+    void ReportMoved(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                     const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) override;
+
+    void ReportMatched(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                       const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) override;
+
+    void ReportIgnored(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                       const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) override;
+
+    void ReportUnknownFieldIgnored(
+        const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) override;
+
+   protected:
+    // Prints the specified path of fields to the buffer.  message is used to
+    // print map keys.
+    virtual void PrintPath(const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path,
+                           bool left_side, const Message& message);
+
+    // Prints the specified path of fields to the buffer.
+    virtual void PrintPath(const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path,
+                           bool left_side);
+
+    // Prints the value of fields to the buffer.  left_side is true if the
+    // given message is from the left side of the comparison, false if it
+    // was the right.  This is relevant only to decide whether to follow
+    // unknown_field_index1 or unknown_field_index2 when an unknown field
+    // is encountered in field_path.
+    virtual void PrintValue(const Message& message,
+                            const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path,
+                            bool left_side);
+
+    // Prints the specified path of unknown fields to the buffer.
+    virtual void PrintUnknownFieldValue(const UnknownField* unknown_field);
+
+    // Just print a string
+    void Print(const std::string& str);
+
+   private:
+    io::Printer* printer_;
+    bool delete_printer_;
+    bool report_modified_aggregates_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(StreamReporter);
+  };
+
+ private:
+  friend class DefaultFieldComparator;
+
+  // A MapKeyComparator to be used in TreatAsMapUsingKeyComparator.
+  // Implementation of this class needs to do field value comparison which
+  // relies on some private methods of MessageDifferencer. That's why this
+  // class is declared as a nested class of MessageDifferencer.
+  class MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator;
+
+  // A MapKeyComparator for use with map_entries.
+  class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MapEntryKeyComparator : public MapKeyComparator {
+   public:
+    explicit MapEntryKeyComparator(MessageDifferencer* message_differencer);
+    bool IsMatch(
+        const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) const override;
+
+   private:
+    MessageDifferencer* message_differencer_;
+  };
+
+  // Returns true if field1's number() is less than field2's.
+  static bool FieldBefore(const FieldDescriptor* field1,
+                          const FieldDescriptor* field2);
+
+  // Retrieve all the set fields, including extensions.
+  FieldDescriptorArray RetrieveFields(const Message& message,
+                                      bool base_message);
+
+  // Combine the two lists of fields into the combined_fields output vector.
+  // All fields present in both lists will always be included in the combined
+  // list.  Fields only present in one of the lists will only appear in the
+  // combined list if the corresponding fields_scope option is set to FULL.
+  FieldDescriptorArray CombineFields(const FieldDescriptorArray& fields1,
+                                     Scope fields1_scope,
+                                     const FieldDescriptorArray& fields2,
+                                     Scope fields2_scope);
+
+  // Internal version of the Compare method which performs the actual
+  // comparison. The parent_fields vector is a vector containing field
+  // descriptors of all fields accessed to get to this comparison operation
+  // (i.e. if the current message is an embedded message, the parent_fields
+  // vector will contain the field that has this embedded message).
+  bool Compare(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+               std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+
+  // Compares all the unknown fields in two messages.
+  bool CompareUnknownFields(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                            const UnknownFieldSet&, const UnknownFieldSet&,
+                            std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+
+  // Compares the specified messages for the requested field lists. The field
+  // lists are modified depending on comparison settings, and then passed to
+  // CompareWithFieldsInternal.
+  bool CompareRequestedFieldsUsingSettings(
+      const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+      const FieldDescriptorArray& message1_fields,
+      const FieldDescriptorArray& message2_fields,
+      std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+
+  // Compares the specified messages with the specified field lists.
+  bool CompareWithFieldsInternal(const Message& message1,
+                                 const Message& message2,
+                                 const FieldDescriptorArray& message1_fields,
+                                 const FieldDescriptorArray& message2_fields,
+                                 std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+
+  // Compares the repeated fields, and report the error.
+  bool CompareRepeatedField(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                            std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+
+  // Shorthand for CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields with NULL parent_fields.
+  bool CompareFieldValue(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* field, int index1, int index2);
+
+  // Compares the specified field on the two messages, returning
+  // true if they are the same, false otherwise. For repeated fields,
+  // this method only compares the value in the specified index. This method
+  // uses Compare functions to recurse into submessages.
+  // The parent_fields vector is used in calls to a Reporter instance calls.
+  // It can be NULL, in which case the MessageDifferencer will create new
+  // list of parent messages if it needs to recursively compare the given field.
+  // To avoid confusing users you should not set it to NULL unless you modified
+  // Reporter to handle the change of parent_fields correctly.
+  bool CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(
+      const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+      const FieldDescriptor* field, int index1, int index2,
+      std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+
+  // Compares the specified field on the two messages, returning comparison
+  // result, as returned by appropriate FieldComparator.
+  FieldComparator::ComparisonResult GetFieldComparisonResult(
+      const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+      const FieldDescriptor* field, int index1, int index2,
+      const FieldContext* field_context);
+
+  // Check if the two elements in the repeated field are match to each other.
+  // if the key_comprator is NULL, this function returns true when the two
+  // elements are equal.
+  bool IsMatch(const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field,
+               const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator, const Message* message1,
+               const Message* message2,
+               const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields,
+               Reporter* reporter, int index1, int index2);
+
+  // Returns true when this repeated field has been configured to be treated
+  // as a Set / SmartSet / SmartList.
+  bool IsTreatedAsSet(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+  bool IsTreatedAsSmartSet(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  bool IsTreatedAsSmartList(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+  // When treating as SMART_LIST, it uses MatchIndicesPostProcessorForSmartList
+  // by default to find the longest matching sequence from the first matching
+  // element. The callback takes two vectors showing the matching indices from
+  // the other vector, where -1 means an unmatch.
+  void SetMatchIndicesForSmartListCallback(
+      std::function<void(std::vector<int>*, std::vector<int>*)> callback);
+
+  // Returns true when this repeated field is to be compared as a subset, ie.
+  // has been configured to be treated as a set or map and scope is set to
+  // PARTIAL.
+  bool IsTreatedAsSubset(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  // Returns true if this field is to be ignored when this
+  // MessageDifferencer compares messages.
+  bool IsIgnored(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                 const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                 const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields);
+
+  // Returns true if this unknown field is to be ignored when this
+  // MessageDifferencer compares messages.
+  bool IsUnknownFieldIgnored(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                             const SpecificField& field,
+                             const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields);
+
+  // Returns MapKeyComparator* when this field has been configured to be treated
+  // as a map or its is_map() return true.  If not, returns NULL.
+  const MapKeyComparator* GetMapKeyComparator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
+  // Attempts to match indices of a repeated field, so that the contained values
+  // match. Clears output vectors and sets their values to indices of paired
+  // messages, ie. if message1[0] matches message2[1], then match_list1[0] == 1
+  // and match_list2[1] == 0. The unmatched indices are indicated by -1.
+  // Assumes the repeated field is not treated as a simple list.
+  // This method returns false if the match failed. However, it doesn't mean
+  // that the comparison succeeds when this method returns true (you need to
+  // double-check in this case).
+  bool MatchRepeatedFieldIndices(
+      const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+      const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field,
+      const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator,
+      const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields,
+      std::vector<int>* match_list1, std::vector<int>* match_list2);
+
+  // If "any" is of type google.protobuf.Any, extract its payload using
+  // DynamicMessageFactory and store in "data".
+  bool UnpackAny(const Message& any, std::unique_ptr<Message>* data);
+
+  // Checks if index is equal to new_index in all the specific fields.
+  static bool CheckPathChanged(const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields);
+
+  // CHECKs that the given repeated field can be compared according to
+  // new_comparison.
+  void CheckRepeatedFieldComparisons(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+      const RepeatedFieldComparison& new_comparison);
+
+  // Defines a map between field descriptors and their MapKeyComparators.
+  // Used for repeated fields when they are configured as TreatAsMap.
+  typedef std::map<const FieldDescriptor*, const MapKeyComparator*>
+      FieldKeyComparatorMap;
+
+  // Defines a set to store field descriptors.  Used for repeated fields when
+  // they are configured as TreatAsSet.
+  typedef std::set<const FieldDescriptor*> FieldSet;
+  typedef std::map<const FieldDescriptor*, RepeatedFieldComparison> FieldMap;
+
+  Reporter* reporter_;
+  DefaultFieldComparator default_field_comparator_;
+  FieldComparator* field_comparator_;
+  MessageFieldComparison message_field_comparison_;
+  Scope scope_;
+  RepeatedFieldComparison repeated_field_comparison_;
+
+  FieldMap repeated_field_comparisons_;
+  // Keeps track of MapKeyComparators that are created within
+  // MessageDifferencer. These MapKeyComparators should be deleted
+  // before MessageDifferencer is destroyed.
+  // When TreatAsMap or TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey is called, we don't
+  // store the supplied FieldDescriptors directly. Instead, a new
+  // MapKeyComparator is created for comparison purpose.
+  std::vector<MapKeyComparator*> owned_key_comparators_;
+  FieldKeyComparatorMap map_field_key_comparator_;
+  MapEntryKeyComparator map_entry_key_comparator_;
+  std::vector<IgnoreCriteria*> ignore_criteria_;
+  // Reused multiple times in RetrieveFields to avoid extra allocations
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> tmp_message_fields_;
+
+  FieldSet ignored_fields_;
+
+  bool report_matches_;
+  bool report_moves_;
+  bool report_ignores_;
+
+  std::string* output_string_;
+
+  // Callback to post-process the matched indices to support SMART_LIST.
+  std::function<void(std::vector<int>*, std::vector<int>*)>
+      match_indices_for_smart_list_callback_;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<DynamicMessageFactory> dynamic_message_factory_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageDifferencer);
+};
+
+// This class provides extra information to the FieldComparator::Compare
+// function.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldContext {
+ public:
+  explicit FieldContext(
+      std::vector<MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>* parent_fields)
+      : parent_fields_(parent_fields) {}
+
+  std::vector<MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>* parent_fields() const {
+    return parent_fields_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>* parent_fields_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_MESSAGE_DIFFERENCER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b57062ad6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,3706 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jschorr@google.com (Joseph Schorr)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// TODO(ksroka): Move some of these tests to field_comparator_test.cc.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <random>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/any_test.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+
+
+const FieldDescriptor* GetFieldDescriptor(const Message& message,
+                                          const std::string& field_name) {
+  std::vector<std::string> field_path =
+      Split(field_name, ".", true);
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = NULL;
+  for (int i = 0; i < field_path.size(); i++) {
+    field = descriptor->FindFieldByName(field_path[i]);
+    descriptor = field->message_type();
+  }
+  return field;
+}
+
+void ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(util::MessageDifferencer* differencer,
+                                 const Message& msg1, const Message& msg2) {
+  differencer->set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::FULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer->Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  differencer->set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer->Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicEqualityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicInequalityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldInequalityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.add_repeated_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSetOptimizationTest) {
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item1 = msg1.add_item();
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item2 = msg2.add_item();
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(item1->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("ra"));
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(item2->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("ra"));
+  for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+    item1->add_ra(i);
+    item2->add_ra(i);
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  item2->add_ra(1001);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  item1->add_ra(1001);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  item1->add_ra(1002);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, MapFieldEqualityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestMap msg1;
+  unittest::TestMap msg2;
+
+  MapReflectionTester tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(&msg1);
+  tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(&msg2);
+  tester.SwapMapsViaReflection(&msg1);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicPartialEqualityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, PartialEqualityTestExtraField) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, PartialEqualityTestSkipRequiredField) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestRequired msg1;
+  unittest::TestRequired msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_a(401);
+  msg2.set_a(401);
+  msg2.set_b(402);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicPartialInequalityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, PartialInequalityMissingFieldTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg2.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldPartialInequalityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.add_repeated_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicEquivalencyTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, EquivalencyNotEqualTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.clear_optional_int32();
+  msg2.set_optional_int32(0);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicInequivalencyTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicEquivalencyNonSetTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicInequivalencyNonSetTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicPartialEquivalencyTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, PartialEquivalencyNotEqualTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(0);
+  msg2.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, PartialEquivalencyTestExtraField) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, PartialEquivalencyTestSkipRequiredField) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestRequired msg1;
+  unittest::TestRequired msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_a(401);
+  msg2.set_a(401);
+  msg2.set_b(402);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicPartialInequivalencyTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicPartialEquivalencyNonSetTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicPartialInequivalencyNonSetTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, ApproximateEqualityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, ApproximateModifiedEqualityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  const float v1 = 2.300005f;
+  const float v2 = 2.300006f;
+  msg1.set_optional_float(v1);
+  msg2.set_optional_float(v2);
+
+  // Compare
+  ASSERT_NE(v1, v2) << "Should not be the same: " << v1 << ", " << v2;
+  ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(v1, v2) << "Should be approx. equal: " << v1 << ", " << v2;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, ApproximateEquivalencyTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquivalent(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, ApproximateModifiedEquivalencyTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Modify the approximateness requirement
+  const float v1 = 2.300005f;
+  const float v2 = 2.300006f;
+  msg1.set_optional_float(v1);
+  msg2.set_optional_float(v2);
+
+  // Compare
+  ASSERT_NE(v1, v2) << "Should not be the same: " << v1 << ", " << v2;
+  ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(v1, v2) << "Should be approx. equal: " << v1 << ", " << v2;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquivalent(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Modify the equivalency requirement too
+  msg1.clear_optional_int32();
+  msg2.set_optional_int32(0);
+
+  // Compare. Now should only pass on ApproximatelyEquivalent
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquals(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquivalent(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, ApproximateInequivalencyTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Should fail on equivalency
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(-1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquivalent(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Make these fields the same again.
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(0);
+  msg2.set_optional_int32(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquivalent(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Should fail on approximate equality check
+  const float v1 = 2.3f;
+  const float v2 = 9.3f;
+  msg1.set_optional_float(v1);
+  msg2.set_optional_float(v2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquivalent(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, WithinFractionOrMarginFloatTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Should fail on approximate equality check
+  const float v1 = 100.0f;
+  const float v2 = 109.9f;
+  msg1.set_optional_float(v1);
+  msg2.set_optional_float(v2);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd =
+      msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("optional_float");
+
+  // Set float comparison to exact, margin and fraction value should not matter.
+  differencer.set_float_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::EXACT);
+  // Set margin for float comparison.
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.0, 10.0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Margin and fraction float comparison is activated when float comparison is
+  // set to approximate.
+  differencer.set_float_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::APPROXIMATE);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Test out float comparison with fraction.
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.2, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Should fail since the fraction is smaller than error.
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.01, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Should pass if either fraction or margin are satisfied.
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.01, 10.0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Make sure that the margin and fraction only affects the field that it was
+  // set for.
+  msg1.set_default_float(v1);
+  msg2.set_default_float(v2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  msg1.set_default_float(v1);
+  msg2.set_default_float(v1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, WithinFractionOrMarginDoubleTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Should fail on approximate equality check
+  const double v1 = 100.0;
+  const double v2 = 109.9;
+  msg1.set_optional_double(v1);
+  msg2.set_optional_double(v2);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Set comparison to exact, margin and fraction value should not matter.
+  differencer.set_float_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::EXACT);
+  // Set margin for float comparison.
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd =
+      msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("optional_double");
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.0, 10.0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Margin and fraction comparison is activated when float comparison is
+  // set to approximate.
+  differencer.set_float_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::APPROXIMATE);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Test out comparison with fraction.
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.2, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Should fail since the fraction is smaller than error.
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.01, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Should pass if either fraction or margin are satisfied.
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.01, 10.0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Make sure that the margin and fraction only affects the field that it was
+  // set for.
+  msg1.set_default_double(v1);
+  msg2.set_default_double(v2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  msg1.set_default_double(v1);
+  msg2.set_default_double(v1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, WithinDefaultFractionOrMarginDoubleTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Should fail on approximate equality check
+  const double v1 = 100.0;
+  const double v2 = 109.9;
+  msg1.set_optional_double(v1);
+  msg2.set_optional_double(v2);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Set up a custom field comparator, with a default fraction and margin for
+  // float and double comparison.
+  util::DefaultFieldComparator field_comparator;
+  field_comparator.SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(0.0, 10.0);
+  differencer.set_field_comparator(&field_comparator);
+
+  // Set comparison to exact, margin and fraction value should not matter.
+  field_comparator.set_float_comparison(util::DefaultFieldComparator::EXACT);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Margin and fraction comparison is activated when float comparison is
+  // set to approximate.
+  field_comparator.set_float_comparison(
+      util::DefaultFieldComparator::APPROXIMATE);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Test out comparison with fraction.
+  field_comparator.SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(0.2, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Should fail since the fraction is smaller than error.
+  field_comparator.SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(0.01, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Should pass if either fraction or margin are satisfied.
+  field_comparator.SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(0.01, 10.0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Make sure that the default margin and fraction affects all fields
+  msg1.set_default_double(v1);
+  msg2.set_default_double(v2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicFieldOrderingsTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings msg1;
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicFieldOrderingInequalityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings msg1;
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.set_my_float(15.00);
+  msg2.set_my_float(16.00);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicExtensionTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicExtensionInequalityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.SetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension, 101);
+  msg2.SetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension, 102);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, OneofTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestOneof2 msg1;
+  unittest::TestOneof2 msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, OneofInequalityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestOneof2 msg1;
+  unittest::TestOneof2 msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetOneof2(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, UnknownFieldPartialEqualTest) {
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage empty1;
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage empty2;
+
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown1 = empty1.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown2 = empty2.mutable_unknown_fields();
+
+  unknown1->AddVarint(243, 122);
+  unknown1->AddLengthDelimited(245, "abc");
+  unknown1->AddGroup(246)->AddFixed32(248, 1);
+  unknown1->mutable_field(2)->mutable_group()->AddFixed32(248, 2);
+
+  unknown2->AddVarint(243, 122);
+  unknown2->AddLengthDelimited(245, "abc");
+  unknown2->AddGroup(246)->AddFixed32(248, 1);
+  unknown2->mutable_field(2)->mutable_group()->AddFixed32(248, 2);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(empty1, empty2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsEqualityAllTest) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields2;
+  msg1.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg1, &fields1);
+  msg2.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg2, &fields2);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields1, fields2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsInequalityAllTest) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields2;
+  msg1.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg1, &fields1);
+  msg2.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg2, &fields2);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields1, fields2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsEmptyListAlwaysSucceeds) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> empty_fields;
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, empty_fields, empty_fields));
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, empty_fields, empty_fields));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsCompareWithSelf) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  msg1.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg1, &fields);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg1, fields, fields));
+
+  {
+    // Compare with a subset of fields.
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> compare_fields;
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); ++i) {
+      if (i % 2 == 0) {
+        compare_fields.push_back(fields[i]);
+      }
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg1, compare_fields,
+                                              compare_fields));
+  }
+  {
+    // Specify a different set of fields to compare, even though we're using the
+    // same message. This should fail, since we are explicitly saying that the
+    // set of fields are different.
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> compare_fields1;
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> compare_fields2;
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); ++i) {
+      if (i % 2 == 0) {
+        compare_fields1.push_back(fields[i]);
+      } else {
+        compare_fields2.push_back(fields[i]);
+      }
+    }
+    EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg1, compare_fields1,
+                                               compare_fields2));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsEqualityAllShuffledTest) {
+  // This is a public function, so make sure there are no assumptions about the
+  // list of fields. Randomly shuffle them to make sure that they are properly
+  // ordered for comparison.
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields2;
+  msg1.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg1, &fields1);
+  msg2.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg2, &fields2);
+
+  std::default_random_engine rng;
+  std::shuffle(fields1.begin(), fields1.end(), rng);
+  std::shuffle(fields2.begin(), fields2.end(), rng);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields1, fields2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsSubsetEqualityTest) {
+  // Specify a set of fields to compare. All the fields are equal.
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  msg1.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg1, &fields1);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> compare_fields;
+  // Only compare the field descriptors with even indices.
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields1.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i % 2 == 0) {
+      compare_fields.push_back(fields1[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, compare_fields,
+                                            compare_fields));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest,
+     SpecifiedFieldsSubsetIgnoresOtherFieldDifferencesTest) {
+  // Specify a set of fields to compare, but clear all the other fields in one
+  // of the messages. This should fail a regular compare, but CompareWithFields
+  // should succeed.
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  const Reflection* reflection = msg1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->ListFields(msg1, &fields1);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> compare_fields;
+  // Only compare the field descriptors with even indices.
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields1.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i % 2 == 0) {
+      compare_fields.push_back(fields1[i]);
+    } else {
+      reflection->ClearField(&msg2, fields1[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, compare_fields,
+                                            compare_fields));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsDetectsDifferencesTest) {
+  // Change all of the repeated fields in one of the messages, and use only
+  // those fields for comparison.
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+  TestUtil::ModifyRepeatedFields(&msg2);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  msg1.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg1, &fields1);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> compare_fields;
+  // Only compare the repeated field descriptors.
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields1.size(); ++i) {
+    if (fields1[i]->is_repeated()) {
+      compare_fields.push_back(fields1[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, compare_fields,
+                                             compare_fields));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsEquivalenceAllTest) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields2;
+  msg1.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg1, &fields1);
+  msg2.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg2, &fields2);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields1, fields2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest,
+     SpecifiedFieldsEquivalenceIgnoresOtherFieldDifferencesTest) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+  const Descriptor* desc = msg1.GetDescriptor();
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* optional_int32_desc =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_int32");
+  const FieldDescriptor* optional_int64_desc =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_int64");
+  const FieldDescriptor* default_int64_desc =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("default_int64");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(optional_int32_desc != NULL);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(optional_int64_desc != NULL);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(default_int64_desc != NULL);
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(0);
+  msg2.set_optional_int64(0);
+  msg1.set_default_int64(default_int64_desc->default_value_int64());
+
+  // Set a field to a non-default value so we know that field selection is
+  // actually doing something.
+  msg2.set_optional_uint64(23);
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields2;
+  fields1.push_back(optional_int32_desc);
+  fields1.push_back(default_int64_desc);
+
+  fields2.push_back(optional_int64_desc);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields1, fields2));
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields1, fields2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSmartListTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  msg1.add_rv(1);
+  msg1.add_rv(2);
+  msg1.add_rv(3);
+  msg1.add_rv(9);
+  msg1.add_rv(4);
+  msg1.add_rv(5);
+  msg1.add_rv(7);
+  msg1.add_rv(2);
+  msg2.add_rv(9);
+  msg2.add_rv(0);
+  msg2.add_rv(2);
+  msg2.add_rv(7);
+  msg2.add_rv(3);
+  msg2.add_rv(4);
+  msg2.add_rv(5);
+  msg2.add_rv(6);
+  msg2.add_rv(2);
+  // Compare
+  // a: 1,      2,    3, 9, 4, 5, 7,   2
+  // b:   9, 0, 2, 7, 3,    4, 5,   6, 2
+  std::string diff_report;
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&diff_report);
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SMART_LIST);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "deleted: rv[0]: 1\n"
+      "added: rv[0]: 9\n"
+      "added: rv[1]: 0\n"
+      "moved: rv[1] -> rv[2] : 2\n"
+      "added: rv[3]: 7\n"
+      "moved: rv[2] -> rv[4] : 3\n"
+      "deleted: rv[3]: 9\n"
+      "moved: rv[4] -> rv[5] : 4\n"
+      "moved: rv[5] -> rv[6] : 5\n"
+      "deleted: rv[6]: 7\n"
+      "added: rv[7]: 6\n"
+      "moved: rv[7] -> rv[8] : 2\n",
+      diff_report);
+
+  // Compare two sub messages
+  // a: 1, 2, 3,    4, 5
+  // b:    2,    6, 4,
+  msg1.Clear();
+  msg2.Clear();
+  msg1.add_rm()->set_a(1);
+  msg1.add_rm()->set_a(2);
+  msg1.add_rm()->set_a(3);
+  msg1.add_rm()->set_a(4);
+  msg1.add_rm()->set_a(5);
+  msg2.add_rm()->set_a(2);
+  msg2.add_rm()->set_a(6);
+  msg2.add_rm()->set_a(4);
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&diff_report);
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SMART_LIST);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "deleted: rm[0]: { a: 1 }\n"
+      "moved: rm[1] -> rm[0] : { a: 2 }\n"
+      "deleted: rm[2]: { a: 3 }\n"
+      "added: rm[1]: { a: 6 }\n"
+      "moved: rm[3] -> rm[2] : { a: 4 }\n"
+      "deleted: rm[4]: { a: 5 }\n",
+      diff_report);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSmartSetTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField elem1_1, elem2_1, elem3_1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField elem1_2, elem2_2, elem3_2;
+
+  // Only one field is different for each pair of elememts
+  elem1_1.set_a(1);
+  elem1_2.set_a(0);
+  elem1_1.set_b(1);
+  elem1_2.set_b(1);
+  elem1_1.set_c(1);
+  elem1_2.set_c(1);
+  elem2_1.set_a(2);
+  elem2_2.set_a(2);
+  elem2_1.set_b(2);
+  elem2_2.set_b(0);
+  elem2_1.set_c(2);
+  elem2_2.set_c(2);
+  elem3_1.set_a(3);
+  elem3_2.set_a(3);
+  elem3_1.set_b(3);
+  elem3_2.set_b(0);
+  elem3_1.set_c(3);
+  elem3_2.set_c(3);
+
+  *msg1.add_rm() = elem1_1;
+  *msg1.add_rm() = elem2_1;
+  *msg1.add_rm() = elem3_1;
+  // Change the order of those elements for the second message.
+  *msg2.add_rm() = elem3_2;
+  *msg2.add_rm() = elem1_2;
+  *msg2.add_rm() = elem2_2;
+
+  std::string diff_report;
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&diff_report);
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SMART_SET);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: rm[0].a -> rm[1].a: 1 -> 0\n"
+      "modified: rm[1].b -> rm[2].b: 2 -> 0\n"
+      "modified: rm[2].b -> rm[0].b: 3 -> 0\n",
+      diff_report);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSmartSetTest_IdenticalElements) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField elem;
+
+  elem.set_a(1);
+  elem.set_b(1);
+  elem.set_c(1);
+
+  *msg1.add_rm() = elem;
+  *msg1.add_rm() = elem;
+  *msg2.add_rm() = elem;
+  *msg2.add_rm() = elem;
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SMART_SET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSmartSetTest_PreviouslyMatch) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField elem1_1, elem1_2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField elem2_1, elem2_2;
+
+  elem1_1.set_a(1);
+  elem1_1.set_b(1);
+  elem1_1.set_c(1);
+  elem1_2.set_a(1);
+  elem1_2.set_b(1);
+  elem1_2.set_c(0);
+
+  elem2_1.set_a(1);
+  elem2_1.set_b(1);
+  elem2_1.set_c(1);
+  elem2_2.set_a(1);
+  elem2_2.set_b(0);
+  elem2_2.set_c(1);
+
+  *msg1.add_rm() = elem1_1;
+  *msg1.add_rm() = elem2_1;
+  *msg2.add_rm() = elem1_2;
+  *msg2.add_rm() = elem2_2;
+
+  string diff_report;
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&diff_report);
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SMART_SET);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: rm[0].c: 1 -> 0\n"
+      "modified: rm[1].b: 1 -> 0\n",
+      diff_report);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSmartSet_MultipleMatches) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField elem1_1, elem2_1, elem3_1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField elem2_2, elem3_2;
+
+  // Only one field is different for each pair of elememts
+  elem1_1.set_a(1);
+  elem1_1.set_b(1);
+  elem1_1.set_c(1);
+  elem2_1.set_a(2);
+  elem2_2.set_a(2);
+  elem2_1.set_b(2);
+  elem2_2.set_b(0);
+  elem2_1.set_c(2);
+  elem2_2.set_c(2);
+  elem3_1.set_a(3);
+  elem3_2.set_a(3);
+  elem3_1.set_b(3);
+  elem3_2.set_b(0);
+  elem3_1.set_c(3);
+  elem3_2.set_c(3);
+
+  // In this testcase, elem1_1 will match with elem2_2 first and then get
+  // reverted because elem2_1 matches with elem2_2 later.
+  *msg1.add_rm() = elem1_1;
+  *msg1.add_rm() = elem2_1;
+  *msg1.add_rm() = elem3_1;
+  *msg2.add_rm() = elem2_2;
+  *msg2.add_rm() = elem3_2;
+
+  std::string diff_report;
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&diff_report);
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SMART_SET);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: rm[1].b -> rm[0].b: 2 -> 0\n"
+      "modified: rm[2].b -> rm[1].b: 3 -> 0\n"
+      "deleted: rm[0]: { c: 1 a: 1 b: 1 }\n",
+      diff_report);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSmartSet_MultipleMatchesNoReporter) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField elem1, elem2, elem3, elem4;
+  elem1.set_a(1);
+  elem2.set_a(2);
+  elem3.set_a(3);
+  elem4.set_a(4);
+
+  *msg1.add_rm() = elem1;
+  *msg1.add_rm() = elem2;
+  *msg1.add_rm() = elem3;
+  *msg2.add_rm() = elem2;
+  *msg2.add_rm() = elem3;
+  *msg2.add_rm() = elem4;
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SMART_SET);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSmartSet_NonMessageTypeTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  // Create 3 elements, but in different order.
+  msg1.add_rw("b");
+  msg2.add_rw("a");
+  msg1.add_rw("x");
+  msg2.add_rw("x");
+  msg1.add_rw("a");
+  msg2.add_rw("b");
+
+  std::string diff_report;
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&diff_report);
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SMART_SET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "moved: rw[0] -> rw[2] : \"b\"\n"
+      "moved: rw[2] -> rw[0] : \"a\"\n",
+      diff_report);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSetTest_SetOfSet) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->add_ra(2);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(5);
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->add_ra(7);
+  item->add_ra(8);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->add_ra(5);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->add_ra(8);
+  item->add_ra(7);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->add_ra(2);
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSetTest_Combination) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  // Treat "item" as Map, with key = "a"
+  // Treat "item.ra" also as Set
+  // Treat "rv" as Set
+  // Treat "rw" as List
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(3);
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->add_ra(2);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(4);
+  item->add_ra(5);
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->add_ra(7);
+  item->add_ra(8);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(4);
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->add_ra(5);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->add_ra(8);
+  item->add_ra(7);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(3);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->add_ra(2);
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  msg1.add_rv(3);
+  msg1.add_rv(4);
+  msg1.add_rv(7);
+  msg1.add_rv(0);
+  msg2.add_rv(4);
+  msg2.add_rv(3);
+  msg2.add_rv(0);
+  msg2.add_rv(7);
+
+  msg1.add_rw("nothing");
+  msg2.add_rw("nothing");
+  msg1.add_rw("should");
+  msg2.add_rw("should");
+  msg1.add_rw("change");
+  msg2.add_rw("change");
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer1;
+  differencer1.TreatAsMap(msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("item"),
+                          item->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("a"));
+  differencer1.TreatAsSet(msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("rv"));
+  differencer1.TreatAsSet(item->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("ra"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer1.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer2;
+  differencer2.TreatAsMap(msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("item"),
+                          item->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("a"));
+  differencer2.set_repeated_field_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SET);
+  differencer2.TreatAsList(msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("rw"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer2.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldMapTest_Partial) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  // message msg1 {
+  //   item { a: 1; b: "11" }
+  // }
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->set_b("11");
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  // message msg2 {
+  //   item { a: 2; b: "22" }
+  //   item { a: 1; b: "11" }
+  // }
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->set_b("22");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->set_b("11");
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsMap(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"),
+                         GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.a"));
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSetTest_Duplicates) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage a, b, c;
+  // message a: {
+  //   rv: 0
+  //   rv: 1
+  //   rv: 0
+  // }
+  a.add_rv(0);
+  a.add_rv(1);
+  a.add_rv(0);
+  // message b: {
+  //   rv: 0
+  //   rv: 0
+  //   rv: 1
+  // }
+  b.add_rv(0);
+  b.add_rv(0);
+  b.add_rv(1);
+  // message c: {
+  //   rv: 0
+  //   rv: 1
+  // }
+  c.add_rv(0);
+  c.add_rv(1);
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(a, "rv"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(b, a));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(c, a));
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer1;
+  differencer1.set_repeated_field_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer1.Compare(b, a));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer1.Compare(c, a));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSetTest_PartialSimple) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage a, b, c;
+  // message a: {
+  //   rm { c: 1 }
+  //   rm { c: 0 }
+  // }
+  a.add_rm()->set_c(1);
+  a.add_rm()->set_c(0);
+  // message b: {
+  //   rm { c: 1 }
+  //   rm {}
+  // }
+  b.add_rm()->set_c(1);
+  b.add_rm();
+  // message c: {
+  //   rm {}
+  //   rm { c: 1 }
+  // }
+  c.add_rm();
+  c.add_rm()->set_c(1);
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(a, "rm"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(b, a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(c, a));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSetTest_Partial) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1, msg2;
+  // message msg1: {
+  //   rm { a: 1 }
+  //   rm { b: 2 }
+  //   rm { c: 3 }
+  // }
+  msg1.add_rm()->set_a(1);
+  msg1.add_rm()->set_b(2);
+  msg1.add_rm()->set_c(3);
+  // message msg2: {
+  //   rm { a: 1; c: 3 }
+  //   rm { b: 2; c: 3 }
+  //   rm { b: 2 }
+  // }
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField* field = msg2.add_rm();
+  field->set_a(1);
+  field->set_c(3);
+  field = msg2.add_rm();
+  field->set_b(2);
+  field->set_c(3);
+  field = msg2.add_rm();
+  field->set_b(2);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rm"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldMapTest_MultipleFieldsAsKey) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  // Treat "item" as Map, with key = ("a", "ra")
+  // Treat "item.ra" as Set
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {2, 3}) => "a"
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(2);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->set_b("a");
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  // key => value: (2, {1, 3}) => "b"
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->set_b("b");
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {1, 3}) => "c"
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->set_b("c");
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {1, 3}) => "c"
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->set_b("c");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {2, 3}) => "a"
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->add_ra(2);
+  item->set_b("a");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  // key => value: (2, {1, 3}) => "b"
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->set_b("b");
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.ra"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> key_fields;
+  key_fields.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.a"));
+  key_fields.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.ra"));
+  differencer.TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey(
+      GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"), key_fields);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Introduce some differences.
+  msg1.clear_item();
+  msg2.clear_item();
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(4);
+  item->add_ra(5);
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->set_b("hello");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(4);
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->add_ra(5);
+  item->set_b("world");
+  std::string output;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "moved: item[0].ra[0] -> item[0].ra[1] : 5\n"
+      "moved: item[0].ra[1] -> item[0].ra[0] : 6\n"
+      "modified: item[0].b: \"hello\" -> \"world\"\n",
+      output);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldMapTest_MultipleFieldPathsAsKey) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  // Treat "item" as Map, with key = ("m.a", "m.rc")
+  // Treat "item.m.rc" as Set
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {2, 3}) => "a"
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(1);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(2);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(3);
+  item->set_b("a");
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  // key => value: (2, {1, 3}) => "b"
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(2);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(1);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(3);
+  item->set_b("b");
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {1, 3}) => "c"
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(1);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(1);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(3);
+  item->set_b("c");
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {1, 3}) => "c"
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(1);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(3);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(1);
+  item->set_b("c");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {2, 3}) => "a"
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(1);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(3);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(2);
+  item->set_b("a");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  // key => value: (2, {1, 3}) => "b"
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(2);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(3);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(1);
+  item->set_b("b");
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.m.rc"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> > key_field_paths;
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> key_field_path1;
+  key_field_path1.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.m"));
+  key_field_path1.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.m.a"));
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> key_field_path2;
+  key_field_path2.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.m"));
+  key_field_path2.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.m.rc"));
+  key_field_paths.push_back(key_field_path1);
+  key_field_paths.push_back(key_field_path2);
+  differencer.TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldPathsAsKey(
+      GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"), key_field_paths);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Introduce some differences.
+  msg1.clear_item();
+  msg2.clear_item();
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(4);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(5);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(6);
+  item->set_b("hello");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(4);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(6);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(5);
+  item->set_b("world");
+  std::string output;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: item[0].b: \"hello\" -> \"world\"\n"
+      "moved: item[0].m.rc[0] -> item[0].m.rc[1] : 5\n"
+      "moved: item[0].m.rc[1] -> item[0].m.rc[0] : 6\n",
+      output);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldMapTest_IgnoredKeyFields) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  // Treat "item" as Map, with key = ("a", "ra")
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(2);
+  item->set_b("hello");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->set_b("world");
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> key_fields;
+  key_fields.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.a"));
+  key_fields.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.ra"));
+  differencer.TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey(
+      GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"), key_fields);
+  std::string output;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "added: item[0]: { a: 1 ra: 3 b: \"world\" }\n"
+      "deleted: item[0]: { a: 1 ra: 2 b: \"hello\" }\n",
+      output);
+  // Ignored fields that are listed as parts of the key are still used
+  // in key comparison, but they're not used in value comparison.
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.ra"));
+  output.clear();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "added: item[0]: { a: 1 ra: 3 b: \"world\" }\n"
+      "deleted: item[0]: { a: 1 ra: 2 b: \"hello\" }\n",
+      output);
+  // Ignoring a field in the key is different from treating the left fields
+  // as key. That is:
+  //   (key = ("a", "ra") && ignore "ra") != (key = ("a") && ignore "ra")
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer2;
+  differencer2.TreatAsMap(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"),
+                          GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.a"));
+  differencer2.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.ra"));
+  output.clear();
+  differencer2.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer2.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "ignored: item[0].ra\n"
+      "modified: item[0].b: \"hello\" -> \"world\"\n",
+      output);
+}
+
+static const char* const kIgnoredFields[] = {"rm.b", "rm.m.b"};
+
+class TestIgnorer : public util::MessageDifferencer::IgnoreCriteria {
+ public:
+  virtual bool IsIgnored(
+      const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+      const std::vector<util::MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>&
+          parent_fields) {
+    std::string name = "";
+    for (int i = 0; i < parent_fields.size(); ++i) {
+      name += parent_fields[i].field->name() + ".";
+    }
+    name += field->name();
+    for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(kIgnoredFields); ++i) {
+      if (name.compare(kIgnoredFields[i]) == 0) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, TreatRepeatedFieldAsSetWithIgnoredFields) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString("rm { a: 11\n b: 12 }", &msg1);
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString("rm { a: 11\n b: 13 }", &msg2);
+  util::MessageDifferencer differ;
+  differ.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rm"));
+  differ.AddIgnoreCriteria(new TestIgnorer);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differ.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, TreatRepeatedFieldAsMapWithIgnoredKeyFields) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString("rm { a: 11\n m { a: 12\n b: 13\n } }", &msg1);
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString("rm { a: 11\n m { a: 12\n b: 14\n } }", &msg2);
+  util::MessageDifferencer differ;
+  differ.TreatAsMap(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rm"),
+                    GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rm.m"));
+  differ.AddIgnoreCriteria(new TestIgnorer);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differ.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+// Takes the product of all elements of item.ra as the key for key comparison.
+class ValueProductMapKeyComparator
+    : public util::MessageDifferencer::MapKeyComparator {
+ public:
+  typedef util::MessageDifferencer::SpecificField SpecificField;
+  virtual bool IsMatch(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                       const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) const {
+    const Reflection* reflection1 = message1.GetReflection();
+    const Reflection* reflection2 = message2.GetReflection();
+    // FieldDescriptor for item.ra
+    const FieldDescriptor* ra_field =
+        message1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("ra");
+    // Get the product of all elements in item.ra
+    int result1 = 1, result2 = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < reflection1->FieldSize(message1, ra_field); ++i) {
+      result1 *= reflection1->GetRepeatedInt32(message1, ra_field, i);
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < reflection2->FieldSize(message2, ra_field); ++i) {
+      result2 *= reflection2->GetRepeatedInt32(message2, ra_field, i);
+    }
+    return result1 == result2;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldMapTest_CustomMapKeyComparator) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  // Treat "item" as Map, using custom key comparator to determine if two
+  // elements have the same key.
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->add_ra(35);
+  item->set_b("hello");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(10);
+  item->add_ra(21);
+  item->set_b("hello");
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  ValueProductMapKeyComparator key_comparator;
+  differencer.TreatAsMapUsingKeyComparator(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"),
+                                           &key_comparator);
+  std::string output;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+  // Though the above two messages have different values for item.ra, they
+  // are regarded as having the same key because 6 * 35 == 10 * 21. That's
+  // how the key comparator determines if the two have the same key.
+  // However, in value comparison, all fields of the message are taken into
+  // consideration, so they are different because their item.ra fields have
+  // different values using normal value comparison.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: item[0].ra[0]: 6 -> 10\n"
+      "modified: item[0].ra[1]: 35 -> 21\n",
+      output);
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.ra"));
+  output.clear();
+  // item.ra is ignored in value comparison, so the two messages equal.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("ignored: item[0].ra\n", output);
+}
+
+// Compares fields by their index offset by one, so index 0 matches with 1, etc.
+class OffsetByOneMapKeyComparator
+    : public util::MessageDifferencer::MapKeyComparator {
+ public:
+  typedef util::MessageDifferencer::SpecificField SpecificField;
+  virtual bool IsMatch(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                       const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) const {
+    return parent_fields.back().index + 1 == parent_fields.back().new_index;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldMapTest_CustomIndexMapKeyComparator) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  // Treat "item" as Map, using custom key comparator to determine if two
+  // elements have the same key.
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_b("one");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_b("zero");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_b("one");
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  OffsetByOneMapKeyComparator key_comparator;
+  differencer.TreatAsMapUsingKeyComparator(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"),
+                                           &key_comparator);
+  std::string output;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+  // With the offset by one comparator msg1.item[0] should be compared to
+  // msg2.item[1] and thus be moved, msg2.item[0] should be marked as added.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "moved: item[0] -> item[1] : { b: \"one\" }\n"
+      "added: item[0]: { b: \"zero\" }\n",
+      output);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSetTest_Subset) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  msg1.add_rv(3);
+  msg1.add_rv(8);
+  msg1.add_rv(2);
+  msg2.add_rv(2);
+  msg2.add_rv(3);
+  msg2.add_rv(5);
+  msg2.add_rv(8);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+
+  // Fail with only partial scope set.
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::AS_LIST);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Fail with only set-like comparison set.
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::FULL);
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SET);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Succeed with scope and repeated field comparison set properly.
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_Single) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_c(3);
+  msg1.add_rc(1);
+
+  msg2.set_c(5);
+  msg2.add_rc(1);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "c"));
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_Repeated) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_c(3);
+  msg1.add_rc(1);
+  msg1.add_rc(2);
+
+  msg2.set_c(3);
+  msg2.add_rc(1);
+  msg2.add_rc(3);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rc"));
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_Message) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField* field;
+
+  field = msg1.add_rm();
+  field->set_c(3);
+
+  field = msg2.add_rm();
+  field->set_c(4);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rm"));
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_Group) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item;
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(3);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(4);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"));
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_Missing) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_c(3);
+  msg1.add_rc(1);
+
+  msg2.add_rc(1);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "c"));
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg2, msg1);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_Multiple) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_c(3);
+  msg1.add_rc(1);
+  msg1.add_rc(2);
+
+  msg2.set_c(5);
+  msg2.add_rc(1);
+  msg2.add_rc(3);
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* c = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "c");
+  const FieldDescriptor* rc = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rc");
+
+  {  // Ignore c
+    util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+    differencer.IgnoreField(c);
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  }
+  {  // Ignore rc
+    util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+    differencer.IgnoreField(rc);
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  }
+  {  // Ignore both
+    util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+    differencer.IgnoreField(c);
+    differencer.IgnoreField(rc);
+
+    ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_NestedMessage) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField* field;
+
+  field = msg1.add_rm();
+  field->set_c(3);
+  field->add_rc(1);
+
+  field = msg2.add_rm();
+  field->set_c(4);
+  field->add_rc(1);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rm.c"));
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_NestedGroup) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item;
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(3);
+  item->set_b("foo");
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(4);
+  item->set_b("foo");
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.a"));
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_InsideSet) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item;
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->set_b("foo");
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->set_b("bar");
+  item->add_ra(2);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->set_b("bar");
+  item->add_ra(2);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->set_b("baz");
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* item_desc = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item");
+  const FieldDescriptor* b = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.b");
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(b);
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(item_desc);
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_InsideMap) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item;
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->set_b("foo");
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->set_b("bar");
+  item->add_ra(2);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->set_b("bar");
+  item->add_ra(2);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->set_b("baz");
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* item_desc = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item");
+  const FieldDescriptor* a = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.a");
+  const FieldDescriptor* b = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.b");
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(b);
+  differencer.TreatAsMap(item_desc, a);
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_DoesNotIgnoreKey) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item;
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->set_b("foo");
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->set_b("foo");
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* item_desc = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item");
+  const FieldDescriptor* a = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.a");
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(a);
+  differencer.TreatAsMap(item_desc, a);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_TrumpsCompareWithFields) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_c(3);
+  msg1.add_rc(1);
+  msg1.add_rc(2);
+
+  msg2.set_c(3);
+  msg2.add_rc(1);
+  msg2.add_rc(3);
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* c = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "c");
+  const FieldDescriptor* rc = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rc");
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  fields.push_back(c);
+  fields.push_back(rc);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(rc);
+
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::FULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields, fields));
+
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields, fields));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_SetReportIgnoresFalse) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_a(1);
+  msg1.set_b(2);
+  msg1.set_c(3);
+  msg1.add_rc(1);
+  msg1.add_rc(2);
+
+  msg2.set_a(1);
+  msg2.set_b(1);
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* a = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "a");
+  const FieldDescriptor* b = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "b");
+  const FieldDescriptor* c = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "c");
+  const FieldDescriptor* rc = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rc");
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  fields.push_back(a);
+  fields.push_back(b);
+  fields.push_back(c);
+  fields.push_back(rc);
+
+  std::string diff_report;
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_report_ignores(false);
+  differencer.set_report_matches(true);
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&diff_report);
+  differencer.IgnoreField(c);
+  differencer.IgnoreField(rc);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::FULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields, fields));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(diff_report,
+            "matched: a : 1\n"
+            "modified: b: 2 -> 1\n");
+}
+
+
+// Test class to save a copy of the last field_context.parent_fields() vector
+// passed to the comparison function.
+class ParentSavingFieldComparator : public util::FieldComparator {
+ public:
+  ParentSavingFieldComparator() {}
+
+  virtual ComparisonResult Compare(const Message& message_1,
+                                   const Message& message_2,
+                                   const FieldDescriptor* field, int index_1,
+                                   int index_2,
+                                   const util::FieldContext* field_context) {
+    if (field_context) parent_fields_ = *(field_context->parent_fields());
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      return RECURSE;
+    } else {
+      return SAME;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::vector<util::MessageDifferencer::SpecificField> parent_fields() {
+    return parent_fields_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<util::MessageDifferencer::SpecificField> parent_fields_;
+};
+
+// Tests if MessageDifferencer sends the parent fields in the FieldContext
+// parameter.
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, FieldContextParentFieldsTest) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  msg1.add_rm()->set_c(1);
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  msg2.add_rm()->set_c(1);
+
+  ParentSavingFieldComparator field_comparator;
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_field_comparator(&field_comparator);
+  differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2);
+
+  // We want only one parent with the name "rm"
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, field_comparator.parent_fields().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("rm", field_comparator.parent_fields()[0].field->name());
+}
+
+
+class ComparisonTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ComparisonTest() : use_equivalency_(false), repeated_field_as_set_(false) {
+    // Setup the test.
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(&proto1_);
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(&proto2_);
+
+    TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&proto1ex_);
+    TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&proto2ex_);
+
+    TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(&orderings_proto1_);
+    TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(&orderings_proto2_);
+
+    unknown1_ = empty1_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+    unknown2_ = empty2_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  ~ComparisonTest() {}
+
+  void SetSpecialFieldOption(const Message& message,
+                             util::MessageDifferencer* d) {
+    if (!ignored_field_.empty()) {
+      d->IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(message, ignored_field_));
+    }
+
+    if (repeated_field_as_set_) {
+      d->set_repeated_field_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SET);
+    }
+
+    if (!set_field_.empty()) {
+      d->TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(message, set_field_));
+    }
+
+    if (!map_field_.empty() && !map_key_.empty()) {
+      d->TreatAsMap(GetFieldDescriptor(message, map_field_),
+                    GetFieldDescriptor(message, map_field_ + "." + map_key_));
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string Run(const Message& msg1, const Message& msg2) {
+    std::string output;
+
+    // Setup the comparison.
+    util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+    differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+
+    if (use_equivalency_) {
+      differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+          util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+    }
+
+    SetSpecialFieldOption(msg1, &differencer);
+
+    // Conduct the comparison.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  std::string Run() { return Run(proto1_, proto2_); }
+
+  std::string RunOrder() { return Run(orderings_proto1_, orderings_proto2_); }
+
+  std::string RunEx() { return Run(proto1ex_, proto2ex_); }
+
+  std::string RunDiff() { return Run(proto1diff_, proto2diff_); }
+
+  std::string RunUn() { return Run(empty1_, empty2_); }
+
+  void use_equivalency() { use_equivalency_ = true; }
+
+  void repeated_field_as_set() { repeated_field_as_set_ = true; }
+
+  void field_as_set(const std::string& field) { set_field_ = field; }
+
+  void field_as_map(const string& field, const std::string& key) {
+    map_field_ = field;
+    map_key_ = key;
+  }
+
+  void ignore_field(const std::string& field) { ignored_field_ = field; }
+
+  unittest::TestAllTypes proto1_;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes proto2_;
+
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings orderings_proto1_;
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings orderings_proto2_;
+
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions proto1ex_;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions proto2ex_;
+
+  unittest::TestDiffMessage proto1diff_;
+  unittest::TestDiffMessage proto2diff_;
+
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage empty1_;
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage empty2_;
+
+  unittest::TestMap map_proto1_;
+  unittest::TestMap map_proto2_;
+
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown1_;
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown2_;
+
+  bool use_equivalency_;
+  bool repeated_field_as_set_;
+
+  std::string set_field_;
+  std::string map_field_;
+  std::string map_key_;
+  std::string ignored_field_;
+};
+
+// Basic tests.
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, AdditionTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optional_int32: 101\n", Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, Addition_OrderTest) {
+  orderings_proto1_.clear_my_int();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: my_int: 1\n", RunOrder());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, DeletionTest) {
+  proto2_.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("deleted: optional_int32: 101\n", Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, Deletion_OrderTest) {
+  orderings_proto2_.clear_my_string();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("deleted: my_string: \"foo\"\n", RunOrder());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedDeletionTest) {
+  proto2_.clear_repeated_int32();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "deleted: repeated_int32[0]: 201\n"
+      "deleted: repeated_int32[1]: 301\n",
+      Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, ModificationTest) {
+  proto1_.set_optional_int32(-1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: optional_int32: -1 -> 101\n", Run());
+}
+
+// Basic equivalency tests.
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EquivalencyAdditionTest) {
+  use_equivalency();
+
+  proto1_.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: optional_int32: 0 -> 101\n", Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EquivalencyDeletionTest) {
+  use_equivalency();
+
+  proto2_.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: optional_int32: 101 -> 0\n", Run());
+}
+
+// Group tests.
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, GroupAdditionTest) {
+  proto1_.mutable_optionalgroup()->clear_a();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optionalgroup.a: 117\n", Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, GroupDeletionTest) {
+  proto2_.mutable_optionalgroup()->clear_a();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("deleted: optionalgroup.a: 117\n", Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, GroupModificationTest) {
+  proto1_.mutable_optionalgroup()->set_a(2);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: optionalgroup.a: 2 -> 117\n", Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, GroupFullAdditionTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_optionalgroup();
+
+  // Note the difference in the output between this and GroupAdditionTest.
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optionalgroup: { a: 117 }\n", Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, GroupFullDeletionTest) {
+  proto2_.clear_optionalgroup();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("deleted: optionalgroup: { a: 117 }\n", Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedSetOptionTest) {
+  repeated_field_as_set();
+
+  proto2_.clear_repeatedgroup();
+  proto1_.clear_repeatedgroup();
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(317);
+  proto2_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(909);
+  proto2_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(907);
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(904);
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(907);
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(909);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "moved: repeatedgroup[2] -> repeatedgroup[1] : { a: 907 }\n"
+      "moved: repeatedgroup[3] -> repeatedgroup[0] : { a: 909 }\n"
+      "deleted: repeatedgroup[0]: { a: 317 }\n"
+      "deleted: repeatedgroup[1]: { a: 904 }\n",
+      Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedSetOptionTest_Ex) {
+  repeated_field_as_set();
+
+  proto1ex_.ClearExtension(protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  proto2ex_.ClearExtension(protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  proto2ex_.AddExtension(protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(909);
+  proto2ex_.AddExtension(protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(907);
+  proto1ex_.AddExtension(protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(904);
+  proto1ex_.AddExtension(protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(907);
+  proto1ex_.AddExtension(protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(909);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "moved: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[2] ->"
+      " (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[0] :"
+      " { bb: 909 }\n"
+      "deleted: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[0]:"
+      " { bb: 904 }\n",
+      RunEx());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedMapFieldTest_Group) {
+  field_as_map("repeatedgroup", "a");
+  proto1_.clear_repeatedgroup();
+  proto2_.clear_repeatedgroup();
+
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(317);  // deleted
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(904);  // deleted
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(907);  // moved from
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(909);  // moved from
+
+  proto2_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(909);  // moved to
+  proto2_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(318);  // added
+  proto2_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(907);  // moved to
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "moved: repeatedgroup[3] -> repeatedgroup[0] : { a: 909 }\n"
+      "added: repeatedgroup[1]: { a: 318 }\n"
+      "deleted: repeatedgroup[0]: { a: 317 }\n"
+      "deleted: repeatedgroup[1]: { a: 904 }\n",
+      Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedMapFieldTest_MessageKey) {
+  // Use m as key, but use b as value.
+  field_as_map("item", "m");
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+
+  // The following code creates one deletion, one addition and two moved fields
+  // on the messages.
+  item->mutable_m()->set_c(0);
+  item->set_b("first");
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_c(2);
+  item->set_b("second");
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_b("null");  // empty key moved
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_c(3);
+  item->set_b("third");  // deletion
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_c(2);
+  item->set_b("second");  // duplicated key ( deletion )
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_c(2);
+  item->set_b("second");  // modification
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_c(4);
+  item->set_b("fourth");  // addition
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_c(0);
+  item->set_b("fist");  // move with change
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_b("null");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: item[0].b -> item[2].b: \"first\" -> \"fist\"\n"
+      "moved: item[1] -> item[0] : { b: \"second\" m { c: 2 } }\n"
+      "moved: item[2] -> item[3] : { b: \"null\" }\n"
+      "added: item[1]: { b: \"fourth\" m { c: 4 } }\n"
+      "deleted: item[3]: { b: \"third\" m { c: 3 } }\n"
+      "deleted: item[4]: { b: \"second\" m { c: 2 } }\n",
+      Run(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedFieldSetTest_SetOfSet) {
+  repeated_field_as_set();
+  // Create the testing protos
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->add_ra(2);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(5);
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->add_ra(7);
+  item->add_ra(8);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->add_ra(5);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->add_ra(8);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->add_ra(2);
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "moved: item[0].ra[0] -> item[3].ra[2] : 1\n"
+      "moved: item[0].ra[2] -> item[3].ra[0] : 3\n"
+      "moved: item[0] -> item[3] : { ra: 1 ra: 2 ra: 3 }\n"
+      "moved: item[1].ra[0] -> item[0].ra[1] : 5\n"
+      "moved: item[1].ra[1] -> item[0].ra[0] : 6\n"
+      "moved: item[1] -> item[0] : { ra: 5 ra: 6 }\n"
+      "added: item[1]: { ra: 6 ra: 8 }\n"
+      "deleted: item[3]: { ra: 6 ra: 7 ra: 8 }\n",
+      Run(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedMapFieldTest_RepeatedKey) {
+  // used rb as a key, but b is the value.
+  repeated_field_as_set();
+  field_as_map("item", "rb");
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_rb("a");
+  item->add_rb("b");
+  item->set_b("first");
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_rb("c");
+  item->set_b("second");
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_rb("b");
+  item->add_rb("a");
+  item->set_b("fist");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: item[0].b -> item[1].b: \"first\" -> \"fist\"\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rb[0] -> item[1].rb[1] : \"a\"\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rb[1] -> item[1].rb[0] : \"b\"\n"
+      "added: item[0]: { b: \"second\" rb: \"c\" }\n",
+      Run(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedMapFieldTest_RepeatedMessageKey) {
+  field_as_map("item", "rm");
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField* key = item->add_rm();
+  key->set_c(2);
+  key->add_rc(10);
+  key->add_rc(10);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  key = item->add_rm();
+  key->set_c(0);
+  key->add_rc(1);
+  key->add_rc(2);
+  key = item->add_rm();
+  key->set_c(0);
+  item->add_rb("first");
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->CopyFrom(msg1.item(1));
+  item->add_rb("second");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "added: item[0].rb[1]: \"second\"\n"
+      "deleted: item[0]: { rm { c: 2 rc: 10 rc: 10 } }\n",
+      Run(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedSetOptionTest_Unknown) {
+  // Currently, as_set option doesn't have affects on unknown field.
+  // If needed, this feature will be added by request.
+  repeated_field_as_set();
+  unknown1_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 1);
+  unknown2_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 3);
+  unknown2_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 1);
+
+  // We expect it behaves the same as normal comparison.
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: 245[0].248[0]: 0x00000001 -> 0x00000003\n"
+      "added: 245[1]: { ... }\n",
+      RunUn());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, Matching_Unknown) {
+  unknown1_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 1);
+  unknown2_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 1);
+  unknown1_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 3);
+  unknown2_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 3);
+  unknown2_->AddLengthDelimited(242, "cat");
+  unknown2_->AddGroup(246)->AddFixed32(248, 4);
+
+  // report_match is false so only added/modified fields are expected.
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "added: 242[0]: \"cat\"\n"
+      "added: 246[0]: { ... }\n",
+      RunUn());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedSetFieldTest) {
+  field_as_set("repeatedgroup");
+
+  proto1_.clear_repeatedgroup();
+  proto2_.clear_repeatedgroup();
+  proto2_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(909);
+  proto2_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(907);
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(317);
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(904);
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(907);
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(909);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "moved: repeatedgroup[2] -> repeatedgroup[1] : { a: 907 }\n"
+      "moved: repeatedgroup[3] -> repeatedgroup[0] : { a: 909 }\n"
+      "deleted: repeatedgroup[0]: { a: 317 }\n"
+      "deleted: repeatedgroup[1]: { a: 904 }\n",
+      Run());
+}
+
+// Embedded message tests.
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EmbeddedAdditionTest) {
+  proto1_.mutable_optional_nested_message()->clear_bb();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optional_nested_message.bb: 118\n", Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EmbeddedDeletionTest) {
+  proto2_.mutable_optional_nested_message()->clear_bb();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("deleted: optional_nested_message.bb: 118\n", Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EmbeddedModificationTest) {
+  proto1_.mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(2);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: optional_nested_message.bb: 2 -> 118\n", Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EmbeddedFullAdditionTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_optional_nested_message();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optional_nested_message: { bb: 118 }\n", Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EmbeddedPartialAdditionTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_optional_nested_message();
+  proto2_.mutable_optional_nested_message()->clear_bb();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optional_nested_message: { }\n", Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EmbeddedFullDeletionTest) {
+  proto2_.clear_optional_nested_message();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("deleted: optional_nested_message: { bb: 118 }\n", Run());
+}
+
+// Repeated element tests.
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, BasicRepeatedTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_repeated_int32();
+  proto2_.clear_repeated_int32();
+
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(501);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(502);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(503);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(509);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(502);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(504);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: repeated_int32[1]: 501 -> 509\n"
+      "modified: repeated_int32[3]: 503 -> 504\n"
+      "deleted: repeated_int32[4]: 500\n",
+      Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, BasicRepeatedTest_SetOption) {
+  repeated_field_as_set();
+  proto1_.clear_repeated_int32();
+  proto2_.clear_repeated_int32();
+
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(501);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(502);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(503);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(509);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(503);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(502);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(504);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "moved: repeated_int32[1] -> repeated_int32[3] : 502\n"
+      "moved: repeated_int32[3] -> repeated_int32[0] : 500\n"
+      "added: repeated_int32[1]: 509\n"
+      "added: repeated_int32[4]: 504\n"
+      "deleted: repeated_int32[0]: 501\n"
+      "deleted: repeated_int32[4]: 500\n",
+      Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, BasicRepeatedTest_SetField) {
+  field_as_set("repeated_int32");
+  proto1_.clear_repeated_int32();
+  proto2_.clear_repeated_int32();
+
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(501);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(502);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(503);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(509);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(503);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(502);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(504);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "moved: repeated_int32[1] -> repeated_int32[3] : 502\n"
+      "moved: repeated_int32[3] -> repeated_int32[0] : 500\n"
+      "added: repeated_int32[1]: 509\n"
+      "added: repeated_int32[4]: 504\n"
+      "deleted: repeated_int32[0]: 501\n"
+      "deleted: repeated_int32[4]: 500\n",
+      Run());
+}
+
+// Multiple action tests.
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, AddDeleteTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_optional_int32();
+  proto2_.clear_optional_int64();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "added: optional_int32: 101\n"
+      "deleted: optional_int64: 102\n",
+      Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, AddDelete_FieldOrderingTest) {
+  orderings_proto1_.ClearExtension(unittest::my_extension_string);
+  orderings_proto2_.clear_my_int();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "deleted: my_int: 1\n"
+      "added: (protobuf_unittest.my_extension_string): \"bar\"\n",
+      RunOrder());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, AllThreeTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_optional_int32();
+  proto2_.clear_optional_float();
+  proto2_.set_optional_string("hello world!");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "added: optional_int32: 101\n"
+      "deleted: optional_float: 111\n"
+      "modified: optional_string: \"115\" -> \"hello world!\"\n",
+      Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, SandwhichTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_optional_int64();
+  proto1_.clear_optional_uint32();
+
+  proto2_.clear_optional_uint64();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "added: optional_int64: 102\n"
+      "added: optional_uint32: 103\n"
+      "deleted: optional_uint64: 104\n",
+      Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredNoChangeTest) {
+  proto1diff_.set_v(3);
+  proto2diff_.set_v(3);
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("v");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "ignored: v\n"
+      "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+      RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredAddTest) {
+  proto2diff_.set_v(3);
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("v");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "ignored: v\n"
+      "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+      RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredDeleteTest) {
+  proto1diff_.set_v(3);
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("v");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "ignored: v\n"
+      "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+      RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredModifyTest) {
+  proto1diff_.set_v(3);
+  proto2diff_.set_v(4);
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("v");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "ignored: v\n"
+      "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+      RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredRepeatedAddTest) {
+  proto1diff_.add_rv(3);
+  proto1diff_.add_rv(4);
+
+  proto2diff_.add_rv(3);
+  proto2diff_.add_rv(4);
+  proto2diff_.add_rv(5);
+
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("rv");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "ignored: rv\n"
+      "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+      RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredRepeatedDeleteTest) {
+  proto1diff_.add_rv(3);
+  proto1diff_.add_rv(4);
+  proto1diff_.add_rv(5);
+
+  proto2diff_.add_rv(3);
+  proto2diff_.add_rv(4);
+
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("rv");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "ignored: rv\n"
+      "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+      RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredRepeatedModifyTest) {
+  proto1diff_.add_rv(3);
+  proto1diff_.add_rv(4);
+
+  proto2diff_.add_rv(3);
+  proto2diff_.add_rv(5);
+
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("rv");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "ignored: rv\n"
+      "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+      RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredWholeNestedMessage) {
+  proto1diff_.mutable_m()->set_c(3);
+  proto2diff_.mutable_m()->set_c(4);
+
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("m");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "added: w: \"foo\"\n"
+      "ignored: m\n",
+      RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredNestedField) {
+  proto1diff_.mutable_m()->set_c(3);
+  proto2diff_.mutable_m()->set_c(4);
+
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("m.c");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "added: w: \"foo\"\n"
+      "ignored: m.c\n",
+      RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredRepeatedNested) {
+  proto1diff_.add_rm()->set_c(0);
+  proto1diff_.add_rm()->set_c(1);
+  proto2diff_.add_rm()->set_c(2);
+  proto2diff_.add_rm()->set_c(3);
+
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("rm.c");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "ignored: rm[0].c\n"
+      "ignored: rm[1].c\n"
+      "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+      RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredNestedRepeated) {
+  proto1diff_.mutable_m()->add_rc(23);
+  proto1diff_.mutable_m()->add_rc(24);
+  proto2diff_.mutable_m()->add_rc(25);
+
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("m.rc");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "added: w: \"foo\"\n"
+      "ignored: m.rc\n",
+      RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, ExtensionTest) {
+  proto1ex_.SetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension, 401);
+  proto2ex_.SetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension, 402);
+
+  proto1ex_.ClearExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension);
+  proto2ex_.SetExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension, 403);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: (protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension): 401 -> 402\n"
+      "added: (protobuf_unittest.optional_int64_extension): 403\n",
+      RunEx());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, MatchedUnknownFieldTagTest) {
+  unknown1_->AddVarint(240, 122);
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(240, 121);
+  unknown1_->AddFixed32(241, 1);
+  unknown2_->AddFixed64(241, 2);
+  unknown1_->AddLengthDelimited(242, "cat");
+  unknown2_->AddLengthDelimited(242, "dog");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: 240[0]: 122 -> 121\n"
+      "deleted: 241[0]: 0x00000001\n"
+      "added: 241[0]: 0x0000000000000002\n"
+      "modified: 242[0]: \"cat\" -> \"dog\"\n",
+      RunUn());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, UnmatchedUnknownFieldTagTest) {
+  unknown1_->AddFixed32(243, 1);
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(244, 2);
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(244, 4);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "deleted: 243[0]: 0x00000001\n"
+      "added: 244[0]: 2\n"
+      "added: 244[1]: 4\n",
+      RunUn());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, DifferentSizedUnknownFieldTest) {
+  unknown1_->AddVarint(240, 1);
+  unknown1_->AddVarint(240, 3);
+  unknown1_->AddVarint(240, 4);
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(240, 2);
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(240, 3);
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(240, 2);
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(240, 5);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: 240[0]: 1 -> 2\n"
+      "modified: 240[2]: 4 -> 2\n"
+      "added: 240[3]: 5\n",
+      RunUn());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, UnknownFieldsAll) {
+  unknown1_->AddVarint(243, 122);
+  unknown1_->AddFixed64(244, 0x0172356);
+  unknown1_->AddFixed64(244, 0x098);
+  unknown1_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 1);
+  unknown1_->mutable_field(3)->mutable_group()->AddFixed32(248, 2);
+  unknown1_->AddGroup(249)->AddFixed64(250, 1);
+
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(243, 121);
+  unknown2_->AddLengthDelimited(73882, "test 123");
+  unknown2_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 3);
+  unknown2_->AddGroup(247);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: 243[0]: 122 -> 121\n"
+      "deleted: 244[0]: 0x0000000000172356\n"
+      "deleted: 244[1]: 0x0000000000000098\n"
+      "modified: 245[0].248[0]: 0x00000001 -> 0x00000003\n"
+      "deleted: 245[0].248[1]: 0x00000002\n"
+      "added: 247[0]: { ... }\n"
+      "deleted: 249[0]: { ... }\n"
+      "added: 73882[0]: \"test 123\"\n",
+      RunUn());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EquivalentIgnoresUnknown) {
+  unittest::ForeignMessage message1, message2;
+
+  message1.set_c(5);
+  message1.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(123, 456);
+  message2.set_c(5);
+  message2.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(321, 654);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(message1, message2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(message1, message2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, MapTest) {
+  Map<string, std::string>& map1 = *map_proto1_.mutable_map_string_string();
+  map1["key1"] = "1";
+  map1["key2"] = "2";
+  map1["key3"] = "3";
+  Map<string, std::string>& map2 = *map_proto2_.mutable_map_string_string();
+  map2["key3"] = "0";
+  map2["key2"] = "2";
+  map2["key1"] = "1";
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: map_string_string.value: \"3\" -> \"0\"\n",
+            Run(map_proto1_, map_proto2_));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, MapIgnoreKeyTest) {
+  Map<string, std::string>& map1 = *map_proto1_.mutable_map_string_string();
+  map1["key1"] = "1";
+  map1["key2"] = "2";
+  map1["key3"] = "3";
+  Map<string, std::string>& map2 = *map_proto2_.mutable_map_string_string();
+  map2["key4"] = "2";
+  map2["key5"] = "3";
+  map2["key6"] = "1";
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(
+      GetFieldDescriptor(map_proto1_, "map_string_string.key"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(map_proto1_, map_proto2_));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, MapRoundTripSyncTest) {
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  unittest::TestMap map_reflection1;
+
+  // By setting via reflection, data exists in repeated field.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("map_int32_foreign_message { key: 1 }",
+                                     &map_reflection1));
+
+  // During copy, data is synced from repeated field to map.
+  unittest::TestMap map_reflection2 = map_reflection1;
+
+  // During comparison, data is synced from map to repeated field.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(map_reflection1, map_reflection2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, MapEntryPartialTest) {
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  unittest::TestMap map1;
+  unittest::TestMap map2;
+
+  std::string output;
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString(
+      "map_int32_foreign_message { key: 1 value { c: 1 } }", &map1));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString(
+      "map_int32_foreign_message { key: 1 value { c: 2 }}", &map2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(map1, map2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: map_int32_foreign_message.value.c: 1 -> 2\n", output);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      parser.ParseFromString("map_int32_foreign_message { key: 1 }", &map1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(map1, map2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, MapEntryPartialEmptyKeyTest) {
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  unittest::TestMap map1;
+  unittest::TestMap map2;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString("map_int32_foreign_message {}", &map1));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      parser.ParseFromString("map_int32_foreign_message { key: 1 }", &map2));
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(map1, map2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, MapEntryMissingEmptyFieldIsOkTest) {
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMap msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMap msg2;
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString(
+      "map_string_foreign_message { key: 'key1' value {}}", &msg1));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString(
+      "map_string_foreign_message { key: 'key1' }", &msg2));
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+// Considers strings keys as equal if they have equal lengths.
+class LengthMapKeyComparator
+    : public util::MessageDifferencer::MapKeyComparator {
+ public:
+  typedef util::MessageDifferencer::SpecificField SpecificField;
+  virtual bool IsMatch(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                       const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) const {
+    const Reflection* reflection1 = message1.GetReflection();
+    const Reflection* reflection2 = message2.GetReflection();
+    const FieldDescriptor* key_field =
+        message1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("key");
+    return reflection1->GetString(message1, key_field).size() ==
+           reflection2->GetString(message2, key_field).size();
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, MapEntryCustomMapKeyComparator) {
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMap msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestMap msg2;
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString(
+      "map_string_foreign_message { key: 'key1' value { c: 1 }}", &msg1));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString(
+      "map_string_foreign_message { key: 'key2' value { c: 1 }}", &msg2));
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  LengthMapKeyComparator key_comparator;
+  differencer.TreatAsMapUsingKeyComparator(
+      GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "map_string_foreign_message"), &key_comparator);
+  std::string output;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+  // Though the above two messages have different keys for their map entries,
+  // they are considered the same by key_comparator because their lengths are
+  // equal.  However, in value comparison, all fields of the message are taken
+  // into consideration, so they are reported as different.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: map_string_foreign_message.key: \"key1\" -> \"key2\"\n",
+            output);
+  differencer.IgnoreField(
+      GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "map_string_foreign_message.key"));
+  output.clear();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("ignored: map_string_foreign_message.key\n", output);
+}
+
+class MatchingTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  typedef util::MessageDifferencer MessageDifferencer;
+
+ protected:
+  MatchingTest() {}
+
+  ~MatchingTest() {}
+
+  std::string RunWithResult(MessageDifferencer* differencer,
+                            const Message& msg1, const Message& msg2,
+                            bool result) {
+    std::string output;
+    {
+      // Before we return the "output" string, we must make sure the
+      // StreamReporter is destructored because its destructor will
+      // flush the stream.
+      io::StringOutputStream output_stream(&output);
+      MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter reporter(&output_stream);
+      reporter.set_report_modified_aggregates(true);
+      differencer->set_report_matches(true);
+      differencer->ReportDifferencesTo(&reporter);
+      if (result) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(differencer->Compare(msg1, msg2));
+      } else {
+        EXPECT_FALSE(differencer->Compare(msg1, msg2));
+      }
+    }
+    return output;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MatchingTest);
+};
+
+TEST_F(MatchingTest, StreamReporterMatching) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1, msg2;
+  msg1.set_c(72);
+  msg2.set_c(72);
+  msg1.add_rc(13);
+  msg2.add_rc(13);
+  msg1.add_rc(17);
+  msg2.add_rc(17);
+  std::string output;
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_report_matches(true);
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "matched: c : 72\n"
+      "matched: rc[0] : 13\n"
+      "matched: rc[1] : 17\n",
+      output);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MatchingTest, DontReportMatchedWhenIgnoring) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1, msg2;
+  msg1.set_c(72);
+  msg2.set_c(72);
+  msg1.add_rc(13);
+  msg2.add_rc(13);
+  msg1.add_rc(17);
+  msg2.add_rc(17);
+  std::string output;
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_report_matches(true);
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+
+  differencer.IgnoreField(msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("c"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "ignored: c\n"
+      "matched: rc[0] : 13\n"
+      "matched: rc[1] : 17\n",
+      output);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MatchingTest, ReportMatchedForMovedFields) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1, msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(53);
+  item->set_b("hello");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(27);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(53);
+  item->set_b("hello");
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(27);
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  const FieldDescriptor* desc;
+  desc = msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("item");
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(desc);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "matched: item[0].a -> item[1].a : 53\n"
+      "matched: item[0].b -> item[1].b : \"hello\"\n"
+      "moved: item[0] -> item[1] : { a: 53 b: \"hello\" }\n"
+      "matched: item[1].a -> item[0].a : 27\n"
+      "moved: item[1] -> item[0] : { a: 27 }\n",
+      RunWithResult(&differencer, msg1, msg2, true));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MatchingTest, MatchesAppearInPostTraversalOrderForMovedFields) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1, msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField* field;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* desc;
+  const FieldDescriptor* nested_desc;
+  const FieldDescriptor* double_nested_desc;
+  desc = msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("item");
+  nested_desc = desc->message_type()->FindFieldByName("rm");
+  double_nested_desc = nested_desc->message_type()->FindFieldByName("rc");
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(desc);
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(nested_desc);
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(double_nested_desc);
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(1);
+  field->add_rc(2);
+  field->add_rc(3);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(4);
+  field->add_rc(5);
+  field->add_rc(6);
+  field->add_rc(7);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(4);
+  field->add_rc(7);
+  field->add_rc(6);
+  field->add_rc(5);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(1);
+  field->add_rc(3);
+  field->add_rc(2);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(8);
+  field->add_rc(10);
+  field->add_rc(11);
+  field->add_rc(9);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(8);
+  field->add_rc(9);
+  field->add_rc(10);
+  field->add_rc(11);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "matched: item[0].rm[0].c -> item[0].rm[1].c : 1\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[0].rc[0] -> item[0].rm[1].rc[1] : 2\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[0].rc[1] -> item[0].rm[1].rc[0] : 3\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[0] -> item[0].rm[1] : { c: 1 rc: 2 rc: 3 }\n"
+      "matched: item[0].rm[1].c -> item[0].rm[0].c : 4\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[1].rc[0] -> item[0].rm[0].rc[2] : 5\n"
+      "matched: item[0].rm[1].rc[1] -> item[0].rm[0].rc[1] : 6\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[1].rc[2] -> item[0].rm[0].rc[0] : 7\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[1] -> item[0].rm[0] : { c: 4 rc: 5 rc: 6 rc: 7 }\n"
+      "matched: item[0] : { rm { c: 1 rc: 2 rc: 3 }"
+      " rm { c: 4 rc: 5 rc: 6 rc: 7 } }\n"
+      "matched: item[1].rm[0].c : 8\n"
+      "moved: item[1].rm[0].rc[0] -> item[1].rm[0].rc[1] : 10\n"
+      "moved: item[1].rm[0].rc[1] -> item[1].rm[0].rc[2] : 11\n"
+      "moved: item[1].rm[0].rc[2] -> item[1].rm[0].rc[0] : 9\n"
+      "matched: item[1].rm[0] : { c: 8 rc: 10 rc: 11 rc: 9 }\n"
+      "matched: item[1] : { rm { c: 8 rc: 10 rc: 11 rc: 9 } }\n",
+      RunWithResult(&differencer, msg1, msg2, true));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MatchingTest, MatchAndModifiedInterleaveProperly) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1, msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField* field;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* desc;
+  const FieldDescriptor* nested_key;
+  const FieldDescriptor* nested_desc;
+  const FieldDescriptor* double_nested_key;
+  const FieldDescriptor* double_nested_desc;
+  desc = msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("item");
+  nested_key = desc->message_type()->FindFieldByName("a");
+  nested_desc = desc->message_type()->FindFieldByName("rm");
+  double_nested_key = nested_desc->message_type()->FindFieldByName("c");
+  double_nested_desc = nested_desc->message_type()->FindFieldByName("rc");
+
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsMap(desc, nested_key);
+  differencer.TreatAsMap(nested_desc, double_nested_key);
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(double_nested_desc);
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(2);
+  field->add_rc(3);
+  field->add_rc(4);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(5);
+  field->add_rc(6);
+  field->add_rc(7);
+  field->add_rc(8);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(9);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(10);
+  field->add_rc(11);
+  field->add_rc(12);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(13);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(5);
+  field->add_rc(8);
+  field->add_rc(8);
+  field->add_rc(6);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(3);
+  field->add_rc(2);
+  field->add_rc(4);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(9);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(10);
+  field->add_rc(12);
+  field->add_rc(11);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(13);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "matched: item[0].a : 1\n"
+      "matched: item[0].rm[1].c -> item[0].rm[0].c : 5\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[1].rc[0] -> item[0].rm[0].rc[2] : 6\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[1].rc[2] -> item[0].rm[0].rc[0] : 8\n"
+      "added: item[0].rm[0].rc[1]: 8\n"
+      "deleted: item[0].rm[1].rc[1]: 7\n"
+      "modified: item[0].rm[1] -> item[0].rm[0]: { c: 5 rc: 6 rc: 7 rc: 8 } ->"
+      " { c: 5 rc: 8 rc: 8 rc: 6 }\n"
+      "added: item[0].rm[1]: { c: 3 rc: 2 rc: 4 }\n"
+      "deleted: item[0].rm[0]: { c: 2 rc: 3 rc: 4 }\n"
+      "modified: item[0]: { a: 1 rm { c: 2 rc: 3 rc: 4 }"
+      " rm { c: 5 rc: 6 rc: 7 rc: 8 } } ->"
+      " { a: 1 rm { c: 5 rc: 8 rc: 8 rc: 6 }"
+      " rm { c: 3 rc: 2 rc: 4 } }\n"
+      "matched: item[1].a : 9\n"
+      "matched: item[1].rm[0].c : 10\n"
+      "moved: item[1].rm[0].rc[0] -> item[1].rm[0].rc[1] : 11\n"
+      "moved: item[1].rm[0].rc[1] -> item[1].rm[0].rc[0] : 12\n"
+      "matched: item[1].rm[0] : { c: 10 rc: 11 rc: 12 }\n"
+      "matched: item[1].rm[1].c : 13\n"
+      "matched: item[1].rm[1] : { c: 13 }\n"
+      "matched: item[1] : { a: 9 rm { c: 10 rc: 11 rc: 12 } rm { c: 13 } }\n",
+      RunWithResult(&differencer, msg1, msg2, false));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MatchingTest, MatchingWorksWithExtensions) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllExtensions msg1, msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* nested;
+  using protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* descriptor;
+  const FieldDescriptor* desc;
+  const FieldDescriptor* nested_key;
+  descriptor = msg1.GetDescriptor()->file();
+  desc = descriptor->FindExtensionByName("repeated_nested_message_extension");
+  ASSERT_FALSE(desc == NULL);
+  nested_key = desc->message_type()->FindFieldByName("bb");
+
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsMap(desc, nested_key);
+
+  nested = msg1.AddExtension(repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  nested->set_bb(7);
+  nested = msg1.AddExtension(repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  nested->set_bb(13);
+  nested = msg1.AddExtension(repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  nested->set_bb(11);
+  nested = msg2.AddExtension(repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  nested->set_bb(11);
+  nested = msg2.AddExtension(repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  nested->set_bb(13);
+  nested = msg2.AddExtension(repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  nested->set_bb(7);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "matched: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[0].bb ->"
+      " (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[2].bb : 7\n"
+      "moved: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[0] ->"
+      " (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[2] :"
+      " { bb: 7 }\n"
+      "matched: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[1].bb :"
+      " 13\n"
+      "matched: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[1] :"
+      " { bb: 13 }\n"
+      "matched: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[2].bb ->"
+      " (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[0].bb :"
+      " 11\n"
+      "moved: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[2] ->"
+      " (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[0] :"
+      " { bb: 11 }\n",
+      RunWithResult(&differencer, msg1, msg2, true));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyTest, Simple) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField value1, value2;
+  value1.set_a(20);
+  value2.set_a(21);
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny m1, m2;
+  m1.mutable_any_value()->PackFrom(value1);
+  m2.mutable_any_value()->PackFrom(value2);
+  util::MessageDifferencer message_differencer;
+  std::string difference_string;
+  message_differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&difference_string);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message_differencer.Compare(m1, m2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: any_value.a: 20 -> 21\n", difference_string);
+}
+
+TEST(Anytest, TreatAsSet) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField value1, value2;
+  value1.set_a(20);
+  value1.set_b(30);
+  value2.set_a(20);
+  value2.set_b(31);
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny m1, m2;
+  m1.add_repeated_any_value()->PackFrom(value1);
+  m1.add_repeated_any_value()->PackFrom(value2);
+  m2.add_repeated_any_value()->PackFrom(value2);
+  m2.add_repeated_any_value()->PackFrom(value1);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer message_differencer;
+  message_differencer.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(m1, "repeated_any_value"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_differencer.Compare(m1, m2));
+}
+
+TEST(Anytest, TreatAsSet_DifferentType) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField value1;
+  value1.set_a(20);
+  value1.set_b(30);
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage value2;
+  value2.add_rv(40);
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny m1, m2;
+  m1.add_repeated_any_value()->PackFrom(value1);
+  m1.add_repeated_any_value()->PackFrom(value2);
+  m2.add_repeated_any_value()->PackFrom(value2);
+  m2.add_repeated_any_value()->PackFrom(value1);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer message_differencer;
+  message_differencer.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(m1, "repeated_any_value"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_differencer.Compare(m1, m2));
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbc36fa88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file contains messages for testing repeated field comparison
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+message TestField {
+  optional int32 a = 3;
+  optional int32 b = 4;
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+  repeated int32 rc = 2;
+  optional TestField m = 5;
+
+  extend TestDiffMessage {
+    optional TestField tf = 100;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestDiffMessage {
+  repeated group Item = 1 {
+    optional int32 a = 2;       // Test basic repeated field comparison.
+    optional string b = 4;      // Test basic repeated field comparison.
+    repeated int32 ra = 3;      // Test SetOfSet Comparison.
+    repeated string rb = 5;     // Test TreatAsMap when key is repeated
+    optional TestField m = 6;   // Test TreatAsMap when key is a message
+    repeated TestField rm = 7;  // Test TreatAsMap when key is a repeated
+                                // message
+  }
+
+  optional int32 v = 13 [deprecated = true];
+  optional string w = 14;
+  optional TestField m = 15;
+  repeated int32 rv = 11;                          // Test for combinations
+  repeated string rw = 10;                         // Test for combinations
+  repeated TestField rm = 12 [deprecated = true];  // Test for combinations
+  repeated google.protobuf.Any rany =
+      16;  // Test for repeated Any type resolution
+
+  extensions 100 to 199;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/package_info.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/package_info.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96019203b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/package_info.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file exists solely to document the google::protobuf::util namespace.
+// It is not compiled into anything, but it may be read by an automated
+// documentation generator.
+
+namespace google {
+
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Utility classes.
+//
+// This package contains various utilities for message comparison, JSON
+// conversion, well known types, etc.
+namespace util {}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/time_util.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/time_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e61562733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/time_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/time_util.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/int128.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/time.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/duration.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+using google::protobuf::Duration;
+using google::protobuf::Timestamp;
+
+namespace {
+static const int kNanosPerSecond = 1000000000;
+static const int kMicrosPerSecond = 1000000;
+static const int kMillisPerSecond = 1000;
+static const int kNanosPerMillisecond = 1000000;
+static const int kNanosPerMicrosecond = 1000;
+static const int kSecondsPerMinute = 60;  // Note that we ignore leap seconds.
+static const int kSecondsPerHour = 3600;
+
+template <typename T>
+T CreateNormalized(int64 seconds, int64 nanos);
+
+template <>
+Timestamp CreateNormalized(int64 seconds, int64 nanos) {
+  // Make sure nanos is in the range.
+  if (nanos <= -kNanosPerSecond || nanos >= kNanosPerSecond) {
+    seconds += nanos / kNanosPerSecond;
+    nanos = nanos % kNanosPerSecond;
+  }
+  // For Timestamp nanos should be in the range [0, 999999999]
+  if (nanos < 0) {
+    seconds -= 1;
+    nanos += kNanosPerSecond;
+  }
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(seconds >= TimeUtil::kTimestampMinSeconds &&
+         seconds <= TimeUtil::kTimestampMaxSeconds);
+  Timestamp result;
+  result.set_seconds(seconds);
+  result.set_nanos(static_cast<int32>(nanos));
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+Duration CreateNormalized(int64 seconds, int64 nanos) {
+  // Make sure nanos is in the range.
+  if (nanos <= -kNanosPerSecond || nanos >= kNanosPerSecond) {
+    seconds += nanos / kNanosPerSecond;
+    nanos = nanos % kNanosPerSecond;
+  }
+  // nanos should have the same sign as seconds.
+  if (seconds < 0 && nanos > 0) {
+    seconds += 1;
+    nanos -= kNanosPerSecond;
+  } else if (seconds > 0 && nanos < 0) {
+    seconds -= 1;
+    nanos += kNanosPerSecond;
+  }
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(seconds >= TimeUtil::kDurationMinSeconds &&
+         seconds <= TimeUtil::kDurationMaxSeconds);
+  Duration result;
+  result.set_seconds(seconds);
+  result.set_nanos(static_cast<int32>(nanos));
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Format nanoseconds with either 3, 6, or 9 digits depending on the required
+// precision to represent the exact value.
+std::string FormatNanos(int32 nanos) {
+  if (nanos % kNanosPerMillisecond == 0) {
+    return StringPrintf("%03d", nanos / kNanosPerMillisecond);
+  } else if (nanos % kNanosPerMicrosecond == 0) {
+    return StringPrintf("%06d", nanos / kNanosPerMicrosecond);
+  } else {
+    return StringPrintf("%09d", nanos);
+  }
+}
+
+std::string FormatTime(int64 seconds, int32 nanos) {
+  return ::google::protobuf::internal::FormatTime(seconds, nanos);
+}
+
+bool ParseTime(const std::string& value, int64* seconds, int32* nanos) {
+  return ::google::protobuf::internal::ParseTime(value, seconds, nanos);
+}
+
+void CurrentTime(int64* seconds, int32* nanos) {
+  return ::google::protobuf::internal::GetCurrentTime(seconds, nanos);
+}
+
+// Truncates the remainder part after division.
+int64 RoundTowardZero(int64 value, int64 divider) {
+  int64 result = value / divider;
+  int64 remainder = value % divider;
+  // Before C++11, the sign of the remainder is implementation dependent if
+  // any of the operands is negative. Here we try to enforce C++11's "rounded
+  // toward zero" semantics. For example, for (-5) / 2 an implementation may
+  // give -3 as the result with the remainder being 1. This function ensures
+  // we always return -2 (closer to zero) regardless of the implementation.
+  if (result < 0 && remainder > 0) {
+    return result + 1;
+  } else {
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+// Actually define these static const integers. Required by C++ standard (but
+// some compilers don't like it).
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int64 TimeUtil::kTimestampMinSeconds;
+const int64 TimeUtil::kTimestampMaxSeconds;
+const int64 TimeUtil::kDurationMaxSeconds;
+const int64 TimeUtil::kDurationMinSeconds;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+std::string TimeUtil::ToString(const Timestamp& timestamp) {
+  return FormatTime(timestamp.seconds(), timestamp.nanos());
+}
+
+bool TimeUtil::FromString(const std::string& value, Timestamp* timestamp) {
+  int64 seconds;
+  int32 nanos;
+  if (!ParseTime(value, &seconds, &nanos)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *timestamp = CreateNormalized<Timestamp>(seconds, nanos);
+  return true;
+}
+
+Timestamp TimeUtil::GetCurrentTime() {
+  int64 seconds;
+  int32 nanos;
+  CurrentTime(&seconds, &nanos);
+  return CreateNormalized<Timestamp>(seconds, nanos);
+}
+
+Timestamp TimeUtil::GetEpoch() { return Timestamp(); }
+
+std::string TimeUtil::ToString(const Duration& duration) {
+  std::string result;
+  int64 seconds = duration.seconds();
+  int32 nanos = duration.nanos();
+  if (seconds < 0 || nanos < 0) {
+    result += "-";
+    seconds = -seconds;
+    nanos = -nanos;
+  }
+  result += StrCat(seconds);
+  if (nanos != 0) {
+    result += "." + FormatNanos(nanos);
+  }
+  result += "s";
+  return result;
+}
+
+static int64 Pow(int64 x, int y) {
+  int64 result = 1;
+  for (int i = 0; i < y; ++i) {
+    result *= x;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool TimeUtil::FromString(const std::string& value, Duration* duration) {
+  if (value.length() <= 1 || value[value.length() - 1] != 's') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  bool negative = (value[0] == '-');
+  int sign_length = (negative ? 1 : 0);
+  // Parse the duration value as two integers rather than a float value
+  // to avoid precision loss.
+  std::string seconds_part, nanos_part;
+  size_t pos = value.find_last_of(".");
+  if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+    seconds_part = value.substr(sign_length, value.length() - 1 - sign_length);
+    nanos_part = "0";
+  } else {
+    seconds_part = value.substr(sign_length, pos - sign_length);
+    nanos_part = value.substr(pos + 1, value.length() - pos - 2);
+  }
+  char* end;
+  int64 seconds = strto64(seconds_part.c_str(), &end, 10);
+  if (end != seconds_part.c_str() + seconds_part.length()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  int64 nanos = strto64(nanos_part.c_str(), &end, 10);
+  if (end != nanos_part.c_str() + nanos_part.length()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  nanos = nanos * Pow(10, 9 - nanos_part.length());
+  if (negative) {
+    // If a Duration is negative, both seconds and nanos should be negative.
+    seconds = -seconds;
+    nanos = -nanos;
+  }
+  duration->set_seconds(seconds);
+  duration->set_nanos(static_cast<int32>(nanos));
+  return true;
+}
+
+Duration TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(int64 nanos) {
+  return CreateNormalized<Duration>(nanos / kNanosPerSecond,
+                                    nanos % kNanosPerSecond);
+}
+
+Duration TimeUtil::MicrosecondsToDuration(int64 micros) {
+  return CreateNormalized<Duration>(
+      micros / kMicrosPerSecond,
+      (micros % kMicrosPerSecond) * kNanosPerMicrosecond);
+}
+
+Duration TimeUtil::MillisecondsToDuration(int64 millis) {
+  return CreateNormalized<Duration>(
+      millis / kMillisPerSecond,
+      (millis % kMillisPerSecond) * kNanosPerMillisecond);
+}
+
+Duration TimeUtil::SecondsToDuration(int64 seconds) {
+  return CreateNormalized<Duration>(seconds, 0);
+}
+
+Duration TimeUtil::MinutesToDuration(int64 minutes) {
+  return CreateNormalized<Duration>(minutes * kSecondsPerMinute, 0);
+}
+
+Duration TimeUtil::HoursToDuration(int64 hours) {
+  return CreateNormalized<Duration>(hours * kSecondsPerHour, 0);
+}
+
+int64 TimeUtil::DurationToNanoseconds(const Duration& duration) {
+  return duration.seconds() * kNanosPerSecond + duration.nanos();
+}
+
+int64 TimeUtil::DurationToMicroseconds(const Duration& duration) {
+  return duration.seconds() * kMicrosPerSecond +
+         RoundTowardZero(duration.nanos(), kNanosPerMicrosecond);
+}
+
+int64 TimeUtil::DurationToMilliseconds(const Duration& duration) {
+  return duration.seconds() * kMillisPerSecond +
+         RoundTowardZero(duration.nanos(), kNanosPerMillisecond);
+}
+
+int64 TimeUtil::DurationToSeconds(const Duration& duration) {
+  return duration.seconds();
+}
+
+int64 TimeUtil::DurationToMinutes(const Duration& duration) {
+  return RoundTowardZero(duration.seconds(), kSecondsPerMinute);
+}
+
+int64 TimeUtil::DurationToHours(const Duration& duration) {
+  return RoundTowardZero(duration.seconds(), kSecondsPerHour);
+}
+
+Timestamp TimeUtil::NanosecondsToTimestamp(int64 nanos) {
+  return CreateNormalized<Timestamp>(nanos / kNanosPerSecond,
+                                     nanos % kNanosPerSecond);
+}
+
+Timestamp TimeUtil::MicrosecondsToTimestamp(int64 micros) {
+  return CreateNormalized<Timestamp>(
+      micros / kMicrosPerSecond,
+      micros % kMicrosPerSecond * kNanosPerMicrosecond);
+}
+
+Timestamp TimeUtil::MillisecondsToTimestamp(int64 millis) {
+  return CreateNormalized<Timestamp>(
+      millis / kMillisPerSecond,
+      millis % kMillisPerSecond * kNanosPerMillisecond);
+}
+
+Timestamp TimeUtil::SecondsToTimestamp(int64 seconds) {
+  return CreateNormalized<Timestamp>(seconds, 0);
+}
+
+int64 TimeUtil::TimestampToNanoseconds(const Timestamp& timestamp) {
+  return timestamp.seconds() * kNanosPerSecond + timestamp.nanos();
+}
+
+int64 TimeUtil::TimestampToMicroseconds(const Timestamp& timestamp) {
+  return timestamp.seconds() * kMicrosPerSecond +
+         RoundTowardZero(timestamp.nanos(), kNanosPerMicrosecond);
+}
+
+int64 TimeUtil::TimestampToMilliseconds(const Timestamp& timestamp) {
+  return timestamp.seconds() * kMillisPerSecond +
+         RoundTowardZero(timestamp.nanos(), kNanosPerMillisecond);
+}
+
+int64 TimeUtil::TimestampToSeconds(const Timestamp& timestamp) {
+  return timestamp.seconds();
+}
+
+Timestamp TimeUtil::TimeTToTimestamp(time_t value) {
+  return CreateNormalized<Timestamp>(static_cast<int64>(value), 0);
+}
+
+time_t TimeUtil::TimestampToTimeT(const Timestamp& value) {
+  return static_cast<time_t>(value.seconds());
+}
+
+Timestamp TimeUtil::TimevalToTimestamp(const timeval& value) {
+  return CreateNormalized<Timestamp>(value.tv_sec,
+                                     value.tv_usec * kNanosPerMicrosecond);
+}
+
+timeval TimeUtil::TimestampToTimeval(const Timestamp& value) {
+  timeval result;
+  result.tv_sec = value.seconds();
+  result.tv_usec = RoundTowardZero(value.nanos(), kNanosPerMicrosecond);
+  return result;
+}
+
+Duration TimeUtil::TimevalToDuration(const timeval& value) {
+  return CreateNormalized<Duration>(value.tv_sec,
+                                    value.tv_usec * kNanosPerMicrosecond);
+}
+
+timeval TimeUtil::DurationToTimeval(const Duration& value) {
+  timeval result;
+  result.tv_sec = value.seconds();
+  result.tv_usec = RoundTowardZero(value.nanos(), kNanosPerMicrosecond);
+  // timeval.tv_usec's range is [0, 1000000)
+  if (result.tv_usec < 0) {
+    result.tv_sec -= 1;
+    result.tv_usec += kMicrosPerSecond;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+using ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::util::CreateNormalized;
+using ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::util::kNanosPerSecond;
+
+// Convert a Duration to uint128.
+void ToUint128(const Duration& value, uint128* result, bool* negative) {
+  if (value.seconds() < 0 || value.nanos() < 0) {
+    *negative = true;
+    *result = static_cast<uint64>(-value.seconds());
+    *result = *result * kNanosPerSecond + static_cast<uint32>(-value.nanos());
+  } else {
+    *negative = false;
+    *result = static_cast<uint64>(value.seconds());
+    *result = *result * kNanosPerSecond + static_cast<uint32>(value.nanos());
+  }
+}
+
+void ToDuration(const uint128& value, bool negative, Duration* duration) {
+  int64 seconds =
+      static_cast<int64>(Uint128Low64(value / kNanosPerSecond));
+  int32 nanos = static_cast<int32>(Uint128Low64(value % kNanosPerSecond));
+  if (negative) {
+    seconds = -seconds;
+    nanos = -nanos;
+  }
+  duration->set_seconds(seconds);
+  duration->set_nanos(nanos);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+Duration& operator+=(Duration& d1, const Duration& d2) {
+  d1 = CreateNormalized<Duration>(d1.seconds() + d2.seconds(),
+                                  d1.nanos() + d2.nanos());
+  return d1;
+}
+
+Duration& operator-=(Duration& d1, const Duration& d2) {  // NOLINT
+  d1 = CreateNormalized<Duration>(d1.seconds() - d2.seconds(),
+                                  d1.nanos() - d2.nanos());
+  return d1;
+}
+
+Duration& operator*=(Duration& d, int64 r) {  // NOLINT
+  bool negative;
+  uint128 value;
+  ToUint128(d, &value, &negative);
+  if (r > 0) {
+    value *= static_cast<uint64>(r);
+  } else {
+    negative = !negative;
+    value *= static_cast<uint64>(-r);
+  }
+  ToDuration(value, negative, &d);
+  return d;
+}
+
+Duration& operator*=(Duration& d, double r) {  // NOLINT
+  double result = (d.seconds() * 1.0 + 1.0 * d.nanos() / kNanosPerSecond) * r;
+  int64 seconds = static_cast<int64>(result);
+  int32 nanos = static_cast<int32>((result - seconds) * kNanosPerSecond);
+  // Note that we normalize here not just because nanos can have a different
+  // sign from seconds but also that nanos can be any arbitrary value when
+  // overflow happens (i.e., the result is a much larger value than what
+  // int64 can represent).
+  d = CreateNormalized<Duration>(seconds, nanos);
+  return d;
+}
+
+Duration& operator/=(Duration& d, int64 r) {  // NOLINT
+  bool negative;
+  uint128 value;
+  ToUint128(d, &value, &negative);
+  if (r > 0) {
+    value /= static_cast<uint64>(r);
+  } else {
+    negative = !negative;
+    value /= static_cast<uint64>(-r);
+  }
+  ToDuration(value, negative, &d);
+  return d;
+}
+
+Duration& operator/=(Duration& d, double r) {  // NOLINT
+  return d *= 1.0 / r;
+}
+
+Duration& operator%=(Duration& d1, const Duration& d2) {  // NOLINT
+  bool negative1, negative2;
+  uint128 value1, value2;
+  ToUint128(d1, &value1, &negative1);
+  ToUint128(d2, &value2, &negative2);
+  uint128 result = value1 % value2;
+  // When negative values are involved in division, we round the division
+  // result towards zero. With this semantics, sign of the remainder is the
+  // same as the dividend. For example:
+  //     -5 / 10    = 0, -5 % 10    = -5
+  //     -5 / (-10) = 0, -5 % (-10) = -5
+  //      5 / (-10) = 0,  5 % (-10) = 5
+  ToDuration(result, negative1, &d1);
+  return d1;
+}
+
+int64 operator/(const Duration& d1, const Duration& d2) {
+  bool negative1, negative2;
+  uint128 value1, value2;
+  ToUint128(d1, &value1, &negative1);
+  ToUint128(d2, &value2, &negative2);
+  int64 result = Uint128Low64(value1 / value2);
+  if (negative1 != negative2) {
+    result = -result;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+Timestamp& operator+=(Timestamp& t, const Duration& d) {  // NOLINT
+  t = CreateNormalized<Timestamp>(t.seconds() + d.seconds(),
+                                  t.nanos() + d.nanos());
+  return t;
+}
+
+Timestamp& operator-=(Timestamp& t, const Duration& d) {  // NOLINT
+  t = CreateNormalized<Timestamp>(t.seconds() - d.seconds(),
+                                  t.nanos() - d.nanos());
+  return t;
+}
+
+Duration operator-(const Timestamp& t1, const Timestamp& t2) {
+  return CreateNormalized<Duration>(t1.seconds() - t2.seconds(),
+                                    t1.nanos() - t2.nanos());
+}
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/time_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/time_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95063fc49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/time_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Defines utilities for the Timestamp and Duration well known types.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TIME_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TIME_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <ctime>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <string>
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#ifdef _XBOX_ONE
+struct timeval {
+  int64 tv_sec;  /* seconds */
+  int64 tv_usec; /* and microseconds */
+};
+#else
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#endif  // _XBOX_ONE
+#else
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/duration.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+// Utility functions for Timestamp and Duration.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT TimeUtil {
+  typedef google::protobuf::Timestamp Timestamp;
+  typedef google::protobuf::Duration Duration;
+
+ public:
+  // The min/max Timestamp/Duration values we support.
+  //
+  // For "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z".
+  static const int64 kTimestampMinSeconds = -62135596800LL;
+  // For "9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z".
+  static const int64 kTimestampMaxSeconds = 253402300799LL;
+  static const int64 kDurationMinSeconds = -315576000000LL;
+  static const int64 kDurationMaxSeconds = 315576000000LL;
+
+  // Converts Timestamp to/from RFC 3339 date string format.
+  // Generated output will always be Z-normalized and uses 3, 6 or 9
+  // fractional digits as required to represent the exact time. When
+  // parsing, any fractional digits (or none) and any offset are
+  // accepted as long as they fit into nano-seconds precision.
+  // Note that Timestamp can only represent time from
+  // 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z. Converting
+  // a Timestamp outside of this range is undefined behavior.
+  // See https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt
+  //
+  // Example of generated format:
+  //   "1972-01-01T10:00:20.021Z"
+  //
+  // Example of accepted format:
+  //   "1972-01-01T10:00:20.021-05:00"
+  static std::string ToString(const Timestamp& timestamp);
+  static bool FromString(const std::string& value, Timestamp* timestamp);
+
+  // Converts Duration to/from string format. The string format will contains
+  // 3, 6, or 9 fractional digits depending on the precision required to
+  // represent the exact Duration value. For example:
+  //   "1s", "1.010s", "1.000000100s", "-3.100s"
+  // The range that can be represented by Duration is from -315,576,000,000
+  // to +315,576,000,000 inclusive (in seconds).
+  static std::string ToString(const Duration& duration);
+  static bool FromString(const std::string& value, Duration* timestamp);
+
+#ifdef GetCurrentTime
+#undef GetCurrentTime  // Visual Studio has macro GetCurrentTime
+#endif
+  // Gets the current UTC time.
+  static Timestamp GetCurrentTime();
+  // Returns the Time representing "1970-01-01 00:00:00".
+  static Timestamp GetEpoch();
+
+  // Converts between Duration and integer types. The behavior is undefined if
+  // the input value is not in the valid range of Duration.
+  static Duration NanosecondsToDuration(int64 nanos);
+  static Duration MicrosecondsToDuration(int64 micros);
+  static Duration MillisecondsToDuration(int64 millis);
+  static Duration SecondsToDuration(int64 seconds);
+  static Duration MinutesToDuration(int64 minutes);
+  static Duration HoursToDuration(int64 hours);
+  // Result will be truncated towards zero. For example, "-1.5s" will be
+  // truncated to "-1s", and "1.5s" to "1s" when converting to seconds.
+  // It's undefined behavior if the input duration is not valid or the result
+  // exceeds the range of int64. A duration is not valid if it's not in the
+  // valid range of Duration, or have an invalid nanos value (i.e., larger
+  // than 999999999, less than -999999999, or have a different sign from the
+  // seconds part).
+  static int64 DurationToNanoseconds(const Duration& duration);
+  static int64 DurationToMicroseconds(const Duration& duration);
+  static int64 DurationToMilliseconds(const Duration& duration);
+  static int64 DurationToSeconds(const Duration& duration);
+  static int64 DurationToMinutes(const Duration& duration);
+  static int64 DurationToHours(const Duration& duration);
+  // Creates Timestamp from integer types. The integer value indicates the
+  // time elapsed from Epoch time. The behavior is undefined if the input
+  // value is not in the valid range of Timestamp.
+  static Timestamp NanosecondsToTimestamp(int64 nanos);
+  static Timestamp MicrosecondsToTimestamp(int64 micros);
+  static Timestamp MillisecondsToTimestamp(int64 millis);
+  static Timestamp SecondsToTimestamp(int64 seconds);
+  // Result will be truncated down to the nearest integer value. For example,
+  // with "1969-12-31T23:59:59.9Z", TimestampToMilliseconds() returns -100
+  // and TimestampToSeconds() returns -1. It's undefined behavior if the input
+  // Timestamp is not valid (i.e., its seconds part or nanos part does not fall
+  // in the valid range) or the return value doesn't fit into int64.
+  static int64 TimestampToNanoseconds(const Timestamp& timestamp);
+  static int64 TimestampToMicroseconds(const Timestamp& timestamp);
+  static int64 TimestampToMilliseconds(const Timestamp& timestamp);
+  static int64 TimestampToSeconds(const Timestamp& timestamp);
+
+  // Conversion to/from other time/date types. Note that these types may
+  // have a different precision and time range from Timestamp/Duration.
+  // When converting to a lower precision type, the value will be truncated
+  // to the nearest value that can be represented. If the value is
+  // out of the range of the result type, the return value is undefined.
+  //
+  // Conversion to/from time_t
+  static Timestamp TimeTToTimestamp(time_t value);
+  static time_t TimestampToTimeT(const Timestamp& value);
+
+  // Conversion to/from timeval
+  static Timestamp TimevalToTimestamp(const timeval& value);
+  static timeval TimestampToTimeval(const Timestamp& value);
+  static Duration TimevalToDuration(const timeval& value);
+  static timeval DurationToTimeval(const Duration& value);
+};
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+// Overloaded operators for Duration.
+//
+// Assignment operators.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT Duration& operator+=(Duration& d1,
+                                     const Duration& d2);  // NOLINT
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT Duration& operator-=(Duration& d1,
+                                     const Duration& d2);     // NOLINT
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT Duration& operator*=(Duration& d, int64 r);   // NOLINT
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT Duration& operator*=(Duration& d, double r);  // NOLINT
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT Duration& operator/=(Duration& d, int64 r);   // NOLINT
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT Duration& operator/=(Duration& d, double r);  // NOLINT
+// Overload for other integer types.
+template <typename T>
+Duration& operator*=(Duration& d, T r) {  // NOLINT
+  int64 x = r;
+  return d *= x;
+}
+template <typename T>
+Duration& operator/=(Duration& d, T r) {  // NOLINT
+  int64 x = r;
+  return d /= x;
+}
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT Duration& operator%=(Duration& d1,
+                                     const Duration& d2);  // NOLINT
+// Relational operators.
+inline bool operator<(const Duration& d1, const Duration& d2) {
+  if (d1.seconds() == d2.seconds()) {
+    return d1.nanos() < d2.nanos();
+  }
+  return d1.seconds() < d2.seconds();
+}
+inline bool operator>(const Duration& d1, const Duration& d2) {
+  return d2 < d1;
+}
+inline bool operator>=(const Duration& d1, const Duration& d2) {
+  return !(d1 < d2);
+}
+inline bool operator<=(const Duration& d1, const Duration& d2) {
+  return !(d2 < d1);
+}
+inline bool operator==(const Duration& d1, const Duration& d2) {
+  return d1.seconds() == d2.seconds() && d1.nanos() == d2.nanos();
+}
+inline bool operator!=(const Duration& d1, const Duration& d2) {
+  return !(d1 == d2);
+}
+// Additive operators
+inline Duration operator-(const Duration& d) {
+  Duration result;
+  result.set_seconds(-d.seconds());
+  result.set_nanos(-d.nanos());
+  return result;
+}
+inline Duration operator+(const Duration& d1, const Duration& d2) {
+  Duration result = d1;
+  return result += d2;
+}
+inline Duration operator-(const Duration& d1, const Duration& d2) {
+  Duration result = d1;
+  return result -= d2;
+}
+// Multiplicative operators
+template <typename T>
+inline Duration operator*(Duration d, T r) {
+  return d *= r;
+}
+template <typename T>
+inline Duration operator*(T r, Duration d) {
+  return d *= r;
+}
+template <typename T>
+inline Duration operator/(Duration d, T r) {
+  return d /= r;
+}
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT int64 operator/(const Duration& d1, const Duration& d2);
+
+inline Duration operator%(const Duration& d1, const Duration& d2) {
+  Duration result = d1;
+  return result %= d2;
+}
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Duration& d) {
+  out << ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::util::TimeUtil::ToString(d);
+  return out;
+}
+
+// Overloaded operators for Timestamp
+//
+// Assignment operators.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT Timestamp& operator+=(Timestamp& t,
+                                      const Duration& d);  // NOLINT
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT Timestamp& operator-=(Timestamp& t,
+                                      const Duration& d);  // NOLINT
+// Relational operators.
+inline bool operator<(const Timestamp& t1, const Timestamp& t2) {
+  if (t1.seconds() == t2.seconds()) {
+    return t1.nanos() < t2.nanos();
+  }
+  return t1.seconds() < t2.seconds();
+}
+inline bool operator>(const Timestamp& t1, const Timestamp& t2) {
+  return t2 < t1;
+}
+inline bool operator>=(const Timestamp& t1, const Timestamp& t2) {
+  return !(t1 < t2);
+}
+inline bool operator<=(const Timestamp& t1, const Timestamp& t2) {
+  return !(t2 < t1);
+}
+inline bool operator==(const Timestamp& t1, const Timestamp& t2) {
+  return t1.seconds() == t2.seconds() && t1.nanos() == t2.nanos();
+}
+inline bool operator!=(const Timestamp& t1, const Timestamp& t2) {
+  return !(t1 == t2);
+}
+// Additive operators.
+inline Timestamp operator+(const Timestamp& t, const Duration& d) {
+  Timestamp result = t;
+  return result += d;
+}
+inline Timestamp operator+(const Duration& d, const Timestamp& t) {
+  Timestamp result = t;
+  return result += d;
+}
+inline Timestamp operator-(const Timestamp& t, const Duration& d) {
+  Timestamp result = t;
+  return result -= d;
+}
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT Duration operator-(const Timestamp& t1, const Timestamp& t2);
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Timestamp& t) {
+  out << ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::util::TimeUtil::ToString(t);
+  return out;
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TIME_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/time_util_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/time_util_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d6c564fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/time_util_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/time_util.h>
+
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/duration.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+using google::protobuf::Duration;
+using google::protobuf::Timestamp;
+
+namespace {
+
+TEST(TimeUtilTest, TimestampStringFormat) {
+  Timestamp begin, end;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", &begin));
+  EXPECT_EQ(TimeUtil::kTimestampMinSeconds, begin.seconds());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, begin.nanos());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", &end));
+  EXPECT_EQ(TimeUtil::kTimestampMaxSeconds, end.seconds());
+  EXPECT_EQ(999999999, end.nanos());
+  EXPECT_EQ("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", TimeUtil::ToString(begin));
+  EXPECT_EQ("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", TimeUtil::ToString(end));
+
+  // Test negative timestamps.
+  Timestamp time = TimeUtil::NanosecondsToTimestamp(-1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, time.seconds());
+  // Timestamp's nano part is always non-negative.
+  EXPECT_EQ(999999999, time.nanos());
+  EXPECT_EQ("1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", TimeUtil::ToString(time));
+
+  // Generated output should contain 3, 6, or 9 fractional digits.
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToTimestamp(0)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.010Z",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToTimestamp(10000000)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000010Z",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToTimestamp(10000)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000010Z",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToTimestamp(10)));
+
+  // Parsing accepts an fractional digits as long as they fit into nano
+  // precision.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("1970-01-01T00:00:00.1Z", &time));
+  EXPECT_EQ(100000000, TimeUtil::TimestampToNanoseconds(time));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("1970-01-01T00:00:00.0001Z", &time));
+  EXPECT_EQ(100000, TimeUtil::TimestampToNanoseconds(time));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("1970-01-01T00:00:00.0000001Z", &time));
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, TimeUtil::TimestampToNanoseconds(time));
+
+  // Also accpets offsets.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("1970-01-01T00:00:00-08:00", &time));
+  EXPECT_EQ(8 * 3600, TimeUtil::TimestampToSeconds(time));
+}
+
+TEST(TimeUtilTest, DurationStringFormat) {
+  Timestamp begin, end;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", &begin));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", &end));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("315537897599.999999999s", TimeUtil::ToString(end - begin));
+  EXPECT_EQ(999999999, (end - begin).nanos());
+  EXPECT_EQ("-315537897599.999999999s", TimeUtil::ToString(begin - end));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-999999999, (begin - end).nanos());
+
+  // Generated output should contain 3, 6, or 9 fractional digits.
+  EXPECT_EQ("1s", TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::SecondsToDuration(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0.010s", TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::MillisecondsToDuration(10)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0.000010s",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::MicrosecondsToDuration(10)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0.000000010s",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(10)));
+
+  // Parsing accepts an fractional digits as long as they fit into nano
+  // precision.
+  Duration d;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("0.1s", &d));
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, TimeUtil::DurationToMilliseconds(d));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("0.0001s", &d));
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, TimeUtil::DurationToMicroseconds(d));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("0.0000001s", &d));
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, TimeUtil::DurationToNanoseconds(d));
+
+  // Duration must support range from -315,576,000,000s to +315576000000s
+  // which includes negative values.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("315576000000.999999999s", &d));
+  EXPECT_EQ(315576000000LL, d.seconds());
+  EXPECT_EQ(999999999, d.nanos());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("-315576000000.999999999s", &d));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-315576000000LL, d.seconds());
+  EXPECT_EQ(-999999999, d.nanos());
+}
+
+TEST(TimeUtilTest, GetEpoch) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, TimeUtil::TimestampToNanoseconds(TimeUtil::GetEpoch()));
+}
+
+TEST(TimeUtilTest, DurationIntegerConversion) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("0.000000001s",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-0.000000001s",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0.000001s",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::MicrosecondsToDuration(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-0.000001s",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::MicrosecondsToDuration(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0.001s", TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::MillisecondsToDuration(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-0.001s",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::MillisecondsToDuration(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1s", TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::SecondsToDuration(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-1s", TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::SecondsToDuration(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("60s", TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::MinutesToDuration(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-60s", TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::MinutesToDuration(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("3600s", TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::HoursToDuration(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-3600s", TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::HoursToDuration(-1)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      1, TimeUtil::DurationToNanoseconds(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      -1, TimeUtil::DurationToNanoseconds(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      1, TimeUtil::DurationToMicroseconds(TimeUtil::MicrosecondsToDuration(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, TimeUtil::DurationToMicroseconds(
+                    TimeUtil::MicrosecondsToDuration(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      1, TimeUtil::DurationToMilliseconds(TimeUtil::MillisecondsToDuration(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, TimeUtil::DurationToMilliseconds(
+                    TimeUtil::MillisecondsToDuration(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, TimeUtil::DurationToSeconds(TimeUtil::SecondsToDuration(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, TimeUtil::DurationToSeconds(TimeUtil::SecondsToDuration(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, TimeUtil::DurationToMinutes(TimeUtil::MinutesToDuration(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, TimeUtil::DurationToMinutes(TimeUtil::MinutesToDuration(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, TimeUtil::DurationToHours(TimeUtil::HoursToDuration(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, TimeUtil::DurationToHours(TimeUtil::HoursToDuration(-1)));
+
+  // Test truncation behavior.
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, TimeUtil::DurationToMicroseconds(
+                   TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(1999)));
+  // For negative values, Duration will be rounded towards 0.
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, TimeUtil::DurationToMicroseconds(
+                    TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(-1999)));
+}
+
+TEST(TestUtilTest, TimestampIntegerConversion) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000001Z",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToTimestamp(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToTimestamp(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000001Z",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::MicrosecondsToTimestamp(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999Z",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::MicrosecondsToTimestamp(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.001Z",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::MillisecondsToTimestamp(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1969-12-31T23:59:59.999Z",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::MillisecondsToTimestamp(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:01Z",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::SecondsToTimestamp(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1969-12-31T23:59:59Z",
+            TimeUtil::ToString(TimeUtil::SecondsToTimestamp(-1)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      1, TimeUtil::TimestampToNanoseconds(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToTimestamp(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, TimeUtil::TimestampToNanoseconds(
+                    TimeUtil::NanosecondsToTimestamp(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, TimeUtil::TimestampToMicroseconds(
+                   TimeUtil::MicrosecondsToTimestamp(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, TimeUtil::TimestampToMicroseconds(
+                    TimeUtil::MicrosecondsToTimestamp(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, TimeUtil::TimestampToMilliseconds(
+                   TimeUtil::MillisecondsToTimestamp(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, TimeUtil::TimestampToMilliseconds(
+                    TimeUtil::MillisecondsToTimestamp(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, TimeUtil::TimestampToSeconds(TimeUtil::SecondsToTimestamp(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, TimeUtil::TimestampToSeconds(TimeUtil::SecondsToTimestamp(-1)));
+
+  // Test truncation behavior.
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, TimeUtil::TimestampToMicroseconds(
+                   TimeUtil::NanosecondsToTimestamp(1999)));
+  // For negative values, Timestamp will be rounded down.
+  // For example, "1969-12-31T23:59:59.5Z" (i.e., -0.5s) rounded to seconds
+  // will be "1969-12-31T23:59:59Z" (i.e., -1s) rather than
+  // "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z" (i.e., 0s).
+  EXPECT_EQ(-2, TimeUtil::TimestampToMicroseconds(
+                    TimeUtil::NanosecondsToTimestamp(-1999)));
+}
+
+TEST(TimeUtilTest, TimeTConversion) {
+  time_t value = time(NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(value,
+            TimeUtil::TimestampToTimeT(TimeUtil::TimeTToTimestamp(value)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      1, TimeUtil::TimestampToTimeT(TimeUtil::MillisecondsToTimestamp(1999)));
+}
+
+TEST(TimeUtilTest, TimevalConversion) {
+  timeval value = TimeUtil::TimestampToTimeval(
+      TimeUtil::NanosecondsToTimestamp(1999999999));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, value.tv_sec);
+  EXPECT_EQ(999999, value.tv_usec);
+  value = TimeUtil::TimestampToTimeval(
+      TimeUtil::NanosecondsToTimestamp(-1999999999));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-2, value.tv_sec);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, value.tv_usec);
+
+  value =
+      TimeUtil::DurationToTimeval(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(1999999999));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, value.tv_sec);
+  EXPECT_EQ(999999, value.tv_usec);
+  value =
+      TimeUtil::DurationToTimeval(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(-1999999999));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-2, value.tv_sec);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, value.tv_usec);
+}
+
+TEST(TimeUtilTest, DurationOperators) {
+  Duration one_second = TimeUtil::SecondsToDuration(1);
+  Duration one_nano = TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(1);
+
+  // Test +/-
+  Duration a = one_second;
+  a += one_second;
+  a -= one_nano;
+  EXPECT_EQ("1.999999999s", TimeUtil::ToString(a));
+  Duration b = -a;
+  EXPECT_EQ("-1.999999999s", TimeUtil::ToString(b));
+  EXPECT_EQ("3.999999998s", TimeUtil::ToString(a + a));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0s", TimeUtil::ToString(a + b));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0s", TimeUtil::ToString(b + a));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-3.999999998s", TimeUtil::ToString(b + b));
+  EXPECT_EQ("3.999999998s", TimeUtil::ToString(a - b));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0s", TimeUtil::ToString(a - a));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0s", TimeUtil::ToString(b - b));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-3.999999998s", TimeUtil::ToString(b - a));
+
+  // Test *
+  EXPECT_EQ(a + a, a * 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b + b, a * (-2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(b + b, b * 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a + a, b * (-2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0.999999999s", TimeUtil::ToString(a * 0.5));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-0.999999999s", TimeUtil::ToString(b * 0.5));
+  // Multiplication should not overflow if the result fits into the supported
+  // range of Duration (intermediate result may be larger than int64).
+  EXPECT_EQ("315575999684.424s",
+            TimeUtil::ToString((one_second - one_nano) * 315576000000LL));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-315575999684.424s",
+            TimeUtil::ToString((one_nano - one_second) * 315576000000LL));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-315575999684.424s",
+            TimeUtil::ToString((one_second - one_nano) * (-315576000000LL)));
+
+  // Test / and %
+  EXPECT_EQ("0.999999999s", TimeUtil::ToString(a / 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-0.999999999s", TimeUtil::ToString(b / 2));
+  Duration large = TimeUtil::SecondsToDuration(315576000000LL) - one_nano;
+  // We have to handle division with values beyond 64 bits.
+  EXPECT_EQ("0.999999999s", TimeUtil::ToString(large / 315576000000LL));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-0.999999999s", TimeUtil::ToString((-large) / 315576000000LL));
+  EXPECT_EQ("-0.999999999s", TimeUtil::ToString(large / (-315576000000LL)));
+  Duration large2 = large + one_nano;
+  EXPECT_EQ(large, large % large2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-large, (-large) % large2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(large, large % (-large2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(one_nano, large2 % large);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-one_nano, (-large2) % large);
+  EXPECT_EQ(one_nano, large2 % (-large));
+  // Some corner cases about negative values.
+  //
+  // (-5) / 2 = -2, remainder = -1
+  // (-5) / (-2) = 2, remainder = -1
+  a = TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(-5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(-2), a / 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(2), a / (-2));
+  b = TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-2, a / b);
+  EXPECT_EQ(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(-1), a % b);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, a / (-b));
+  EXPECT_EQ(TimeUtil::NanosecondsToDuration(-1), a % (-b));
+
+  // Test relational operators.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(one_nano < one_second);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(one_second < one_second);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(one_second < one_nano);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(-one_nano < -one_second);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(-one_second < -one_second);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(-one_second < -one_nano);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(-one_nano < one_nano);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(one_nano < -one_nano);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(one_nano > one_second);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(one_nano > one_nano);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(one_second > one_nano);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(one_nano >= one_second);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(one_nano >= one_nano);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(one_second >= one_nano);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(one_nano <= one_second);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(one_nano <= one_nano);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(one_second <= one_nano);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(one_nano == one_nano);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(one_nano == one_second);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(one_nano != one_nano);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(one_nano != one_second);
+}
+
+TEST(TimeUtilTest, TimestampOperators) {
+  Timestamp begin, end;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", &begin));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(TimeUtil::FromString("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", &end));
+  Duration d = end - begin;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(end == begin + d);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(end == d + begin);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(begin == end - d);
+
+  // Test relational operators
+  Timestamp t1 = begin + d / 4;
+  Timestamp t2 = end - d / 4;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(t1 < t2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(t1 < t1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(t2 < t1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(t1 > t2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(t1 > t1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(t2 > t1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(t1 >= t2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(t1 >= t1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(t2 >= t1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(t1 <= t2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(t1 <= t1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(t2 <= t1);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(t1 == t2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(t1 == t1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(t2 == t1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(t1 != t2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(t1 != t1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(t2 != t1);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..732d390c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Defines a TypeResolver for the Any message.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TYPE_RESOLVER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TYPE_RESOLVER_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class DescriptorPool;
+namespace util {
+
+// Abstract interface for a type resovler.
+//
+// Implementations of this interface must be thread-safe.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT TypeResolver {
+ public:
+  TypeResolver() {}
+  virtual ~TypeResolver() {}
+
+  // Resolves a type url for a message type.
+  virtual util::Status ResolveMessageType(
+      const std::string& type_url, google::protobuf::Type* message_type) = 0;
+
+  // Resolves a type url for an enum type.
+  virtual util::Status ResolveEnumType(const std::string& type_url,
+                                         google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type) = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(TypeResolver);
+};
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TYPE_RESOLVER_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35736f100
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+// clang-format off
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+// clang-format on
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace {
+using google::protobuf::Any;
+using google::protobuf::BoolValue;
+using google::protobuf::BytesValue;
+using google::protobuf::DoubleValue;
+using google::protobuf::Enum;
+using google::protobuf::EnumValue;
+using google::protobuf::Field;
+using google::protobuf::FloatValue;
+using google::protobuf::Int32Value;
+using google::protobuf::Int64Value;
+using google::protobuf::Option;
+using google::protobuf::StringValue;
+using google::protobuf::Type;
+using google::protobuf::UInt32Value;
+using google::protobuf::UInt64Value;
+
+using util::Status;
+using util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+using util::error::NOT_FOUND;
+
+class DescriptorPoolTypeResolver : public TypeResolver {
+ public:
+  DescriptorPoolTypeResolver(const std::string& url_prefix,
+                             const DescriptorPool* pool)
+      : url_prefix_(url_prefix), pool_(pool) {}
+
+  Status ResolveMessageType(const std::string& type_url, Type* type) override {
+    std::string type_name;
+    Status status = ParseTypeUrl(type_url, &type_name);
+    if (!status.ok()) {
+      return status;
+    }
+
+    const Descriptor* descriptor = pool_->FindMessageTypeByName(type_name);
+    if (descriptor == NULL) {
+      return Status(util::error::NOT_FOUND,
+                    "Invalid type URL, unknown type: " + type_name);
+    }
+    ConvertDescriptor(descriptor, type);
+    return Status();
+  }
+
+  Status ResolveEnumType(const std::string& type_url,
+                         Enum* enum_type) override {
+    std::string type_name;
+    Status status = ParseTypeUrl(type_url, &type_name);
+    if (!status.ok()) {
+      return status;
+    }
+
+    const EnumDescriptor* descriptor = pool_->FindEnumTypeByName(type_name);
+    if (descriptor == NULL) {
+      return Status(util::error::NOT_FOUND,
+                    "Invalid type URL, unknown type: " + type_name);
+    }
+    ConvertEnumDescriptor(descriptor, enum_type);
+    return Status();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void ConvertDescriptor(const Descriptor* descriptor, Type* type) {
+    type->Clear();
+    type->set_name(descriptor->full_name());
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); ++i) {
+      ConvertFieldDescriptor(descriptor->field(i), type->add_fields());
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+      type->add_oneofs(descriptor->oneof_decl(i)->name());
+    }
+    type->mutable_source_context()->set_file_name(descriptor->file()->name());
+    ConvertMessageOptions(descriptor->options(), type->mutable_options());
+  }
+
+  void ConvertMessageOptions(const MessageOptions& options,
+                             RepeatedPtrField<Option>* output) {
+    return ConvertOptionsInternal(options, output);
+  }
+
+  void ConvertFieldOptions(const FieldOptions& options,
+                           RepeatedPtrField<Option>* output) {
+    return ConvertOptionsInternal(options, output);
+  }
+
+  void ConvertEnumOptions(const EnumOptions& options,
+                          RepeatedPtrField<Option>* output) {
+    return ConvertOptionsInternal(options, output);
+  }
+
+  void ConvertEnumValueOptions(const EnumValueOptions& options,
+                               RepeatedPtrField<Option>* output) {
+    return ConvertOptionsInternal(options, output);
+  }
+
+  // Implementation details for Convert*Options.
+  void ConvertOptionsInternal(const Message& options,
+                              RepeatedPtrField<Option>* output) {
+    const Reflection* reflection = options.GetReflection();
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+    reflection->ListFields(options, &fields);
+    for (const FieldDescriptor* field : fields) {
+      if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        const int size = reflection->FieldSize(options, field);
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+          ConvertOptionField(reflection, options, field, i, output->Add());
+        }
+      } else {
+        ConvertOptionField(reflection, options, field, -1, output->Add());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  static void ConvertOptionField(const Reflection* reflection,
+                                 const Message& options,
+                                 const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,
+                                 Option* out) {
+    out->set_name(field->is_extension() ? field->full_name() : field->name());
+    Any* value = out->mutable_value();
+    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        value->PackFrom(
+            field->is_repeated()
+                ? reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(options, field, index)
+                : reflection->GetMessage(options, field));
+        return;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+        value->PackFrom(WrapValue<DoubleValue>(
+            field->is_repeated()
+                ? reflection->GetRepeatedDouble(options, field, index)
+                : reflection->GetDouble(options, field)));
+        return;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+        value->PackFrom(WrapValue<FloatValue>(
+            field->is_repeated()
+                ? reflection->GetRepeatedFloat(options, field, index)
+                : reflection->GetFloat(options, field)));
+        return;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        value->PackFrom(WrapValue<Int64Value>(
+            field->is_repeated()
+                ? reflection->GetRepeatedInt64(options, field, index)
+                : reflection->GetInt64(options, field)));
+        return;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+        value->PackFrom(WrapValue<UInt64Value>(
+            field->is_repeated()
+                ? reflection->GetRepeatedUInt64(options, field, index)
+                : reflection->GetUInt64(options, field)));
+        return;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        value->PackFrom(WrapValue<Int32Value>(
+            field->is_repeated()
+                ? reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(options, field, index)
+                : reflection->GetInt32(options, field)));
+        return;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        value->PackFrom(WrapValue<UInt32Value>(
+            field->is_repeated()
+                ? reflection->GetRepeatedUInt32(options, field, index)
+                : reflection->GetUInt32(options, field)));
+        return;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+        value->PackFrom(WrapValue<BoolValue>(
+            field->is_repeated()
+                ? reflection->GetRepeatedBool(options, field, index)
+                : reflection->GetBool(options, field)));
+        return;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+        const std::string& val =
+            field->is_repeated()
+                ? reflection->GetRepeatedString(options, field, index)
+                : reflection->GetString(options, field);
+        if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING) {
+          value->PackFrom(WrapValue<StringValue>(val));
+        } else {
+          value->PackFrom(WrapValue<BytesValue>(val));
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM: {
+        const EnumValueDescriptor* val =
+            field->is_repeated()
+                ? reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(options, field, index)
+                : reflection->GetEnum(options, field);
+        value->PackFrom(WrapValue<Int32Value>(val->number()));
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <typename WrapperT, typename T>
+  static WrapperT WrapValue(T value) {
+    WrapperT wrapper;
+    wrapper.set_value(value);
+    return wrapper;
+  }
+
+  void ConvertFieldDescriptor(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, Field* field) {
+    field->set_kind(static_cast<Field::Kind>(descriptor->type()));
+    switch (descriptor->label()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL:
+        field->set_cardinality(Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL);
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED:
+        field->set_cardinality(Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED);
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REQUIRED:
+        field->set_cardinality(Field::CARDINALITY_REQUIRED);
+        break;
+    }
+    field->set_number(descriptor->number());
+    field->set_name(descriptor->name());
+    field->set_json_name(descriptor->json_name());
+    if (descriptor->has_default_value()) {
+      field->set_default_value(DefaultValueAsString(descriptor));
+    }
+    if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE ||
+        descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+      field->set_type_url(GetTypeUrl(descriptor->message_type()));
+    } else if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM) {
+      field->set_type_url(GetTypeUrl(descriptor->enum_type()));
+    }
+    if (descriptor->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+      field->set_oneof_index(descriptor->containing_oneof()->index() + 1);
+    }
+    if (descriptor->is_packed()) {
+      field->set_packed(true);
+    }
+
+    ConvertFieldOptions(descriptor->options(), field->mutable_options());
+  }
+
+  void ConvertEnumDescriptor(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             Enum* enum_type) {
+    enum_type->Clear();
+    enum_type->set_name(descriptor->full_name());
+    enum_type->mutable_source_context()->set_file_name(
+        descriptor->file()->name());
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->value_count(); ++i) {
+      const EnumValueDescriptor* value_descriptor = descriptor->value(i);
+      EnumValue* value = enum_type->mutable_enumvalue()->Add();
+      value->set_name(value_descriptor->name());
+      value->set_number(value_descriptor->number());
+
+      ConvertEnumValueOptions(value_descriptor->options(),
+                              value->mutable_options());
+    }
+
+    ConvertEnumOptions(descriptor->options(), enum_type->mutable_options());
+  }
+
+  std::string GetTypeUrl(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    return url_prefix_ + "/" + descriptor->full_name();
+  }
+
+  std::string GetTypeUrl(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
+    return url_prefix_ + "/" + descriptor->full_name();
+  }
+
+  Status ParseTypeUrl(const string& type_url, std::string* type_name) {
+    if (type_url.substr(0, url_prefix_.size() + 1) != url_prefix_ + "/") {
+      return Status(
+          util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+          StrCat("Invalid type URL, type URLs must be of the form '",
+                       url_prefix_, "/<typename>', got: ", type_url));
+    }
+    *type_name = type_url.substr(url_prefix_.size() + 1);
+    return Status();
+  }
+
+  std::string DefaultValueAsString(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+    switch (descriptor->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+        return StrCat(descriptor->default_value_int32());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+        return StrCat(descriptor->default_value_int64());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+        return StrCat(descriptor->default_value_uint32());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+        return StrCat(descriptor->default_value_uint64());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+        return SimpleFtoa(descriptor->default_value_float());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+        return SimpleDtoa(descriptor->default_value_double());
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+        return descriptor->default_value_bool() ? "true" : "false";
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+        if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+          return CEscape(descriptor->default_value_string());
+        } else {
+          return descriptor->default_value_string();
+        }
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+        return descriptor->default_value_enum()->name();
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Messages can't have default values!";
+        break;
+    }
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  std::string url_prefix_;
+  const DescriptorPool* pool_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TypeResolver* NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(const std::string& url_prefix,
+                                               const DescriptorPool* pool) {
+  return new DescriptorPoolTypeResolver(url_prefix, pool);
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa912b604
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Defines utilities for the TypeResolver.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TYPE_RESOLVER_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TYPE_RESOLVER_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class DescriptorPool;
+namespace util {
+class TypeResolver;
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+// Creates a TypeResolver that serves type information in the given descriptor
+// pool. Caller takes ownership of the returned TypeResolver.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT TypeResolver* NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(
+    const std::string& url_prefix, const DescriptorPool* pool);
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TYPE_RESOLVER_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9b9ad65a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h>
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_custom_options.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace {
+using google::protobuf::BoolValue;
+using google::protobuf::Enum;
+using google::protobuf::EnumValue;
+using google::protobuf::Field;
+using google::protobuf::Int32Value;
+using google::protobuf::Option;
+using google::protobuf::Type;
+using google::protobuf::UInt64Value;
+
+static const char kUrlPrefix[] = "type.googleapis.com";
+
+class DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest() {
+    resolver_.reset(NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(
+        kUrlPrefix, DescriptorPool::generated_pool()));
+  }
+
+  const Field* FindField(const Type& type, const std::string& name) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < type.fields_size(); ++i) {
+      const Field& field = type.fields(i);
+      if (field.name() == name) {
+        return &field;
+      }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  bool HasField(const Type& type, Field::Cardinality cardinality,
+                Field::Kind kind, const std::string& name, int number) {
+    const Field* field = FindField(type, name);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return field->cardinality() == cardinality && field->kind() == kind &&
+           field->number() == number;
+  }
+
+  bool CheckFieldTypeUrl(const Type& type, const std::string& name,
+                         const std::string& type_url) {
+    const Field* field = FindField(type, name);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return field->type_url() == type_url;
+  }
+
+  bool FieldInOneof(const Type& type, const std::string& name,
+                    const std::string& oneof_name) {
+    const Field* field = FindField(type, name);
+    if (field == NULL || field->oneof_index() <= 0 ||
+        field->oneof_index() > type.oneofs_size()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return type.oneofs(field->oneof_index() - 1) == oneof_name;
+  }
+
+  bool IsPacked(const Type& type, const std::string& name) {
+    const Field* field = FindField(type, name);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return field->packed();
+  }
+
+  const EnumValue* FindEnumValue(const Enum& type, const std::string& name) {
+    for (const EnumValue& value : type.enumvalue()) {
+      if (value.name() == name) {
+        return &value;
+      }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  bool EnumHasValue(const Enum& type, const std::string& name, int number) {
+    const EnumValue* value = FindEnumValue(type, name);
+    return value != nullptr && value->number() == number;
+  }
+
+  bool HasBoolOption(const RepeatedPtrField<Option>& options,
+                     const std::string& name, bool value) {
+    return HasOption<BoolValue>(options, name, value);
+  }
+
+  bool HasInt32Option(const RepeatedPtrField<Option>& options,
+                      const std::string& name, int32 value) {
+    return HasOption<Int32Value>(options, name, value);
+  }
+
+  bool HasUInt64Option(const RepeatedPtrField<Option>& options,
+                       const std::string& name, uint64 value) {
+    return HasOption<UInt64Value>(options, name, value);
+  }
+
+  template <typename WrapperT, typename T>
+  bool HasOption(const RepeatedPtrField<Option>& options,
+                 const std::string& name, T value) {
+    for (const Option& option : options) {
+      if (option.name() == name) {
+        WrapperT wrapper;
+        if (option.value().UnpackTo(&wrapper) && wrapper.value() == value) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  string GetTypeUrl(std::string full_name) {
+    return kUrlPrefix + std::string("/") + full_name;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  std::string GetTypeUrl() {
+    return GetTypeUrl(T::descriptor()->full_name());
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  std::unique_ptr<TypeResolver> resolver_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestAllTypes) {
+  Type type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(resolver_
+                  ->ResolveMessageType(
+                      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes>(), &type)
+                  .ok());
+  // Check all optional fields.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_INT32,
+                       "optional_int32", 1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_INT64,
+                       "optional_int64", 2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_UINT32,
+                       "optional_uint32", 3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_UINT64,
+                       "optional_uint64", 4));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_SINT32,
+                       "optional_sint32", 5));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_SINT64,
+                       "optional_sint64", 6));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_FIXED32,
+                       "optional_fixed32", 7));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_FIXED64,
+                       "optional_fixed64", 8));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_SFIXED32,
+                       "optional_sfixed32", 9));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_SFIXED64,
+                       "optional_sfixed64", 10));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_FLOAT,
+                       "optional_float", 11));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_DOUBLE,
+                       "optional_double", 12));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_BOOL,
+                       "optional_bool", 13));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_STRING,
+                       "optional_string", 14));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_BYTES,
+                       "optional_bytes", 15));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_GROUP,
+                       "optionalgroup", 16));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(
+      type, "optionalgroup",
+      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes::OptionalGroup>()));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                       "optional_nested_message", 18));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                       "optional_foreign_message", 19));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(
+      type, "optional_nested_message",
+      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(type, "optional_foreign_message",
+                                GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::ForeignMessage>()));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_ENUM,
+                       "optional_nested_enum", 21));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_ENUM,
+                       "optional_foreign_enum", 22));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      CheckFieldTypeUrl(type, "optional_nested_enum",
+                        GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(type, "optional_foreign_enum",
+                                GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum")));
+
+  // Check all repeated fields.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_INT32,
+                       "repeated_int32", 31));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_INT64,
+                       "repeated_int64", 32));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_UINT32,
+                       "repeated_uint32", 33));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_UINT64,
+                       "repeated_uint64", 34));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_SINT32,
+                       "repeated_sint32", 35));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_SINT64,
+                       "repeated_sint64", 36));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_FIXED32,
+                       "repeated_fixed32", 37));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_FIXED64,
+                       "repeated_fixed64", 38));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_SFIXED32,
+                       "repeated_sfixed32", 39));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_SFIXED64,
+                       "repeated_sfixed64", 40));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_FLOAT,
+                       "repeated_float", 41));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_DOUBLE,
+                       "repeated_double", 42));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_BOOL,
+                       "repeated_bool", 43));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_STRING,
+                       "repeated_string", 44));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_BYTES,
+                       "repeated_bytes", 45));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_GROUP,
+                       "repeatedgroup", 46));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(
+      type, "repeatedgroup",
+      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes::RepeatedGroup>()));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                       "repeated_nested_message", 48));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                       "repeated_foreign_message", 49));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(
+      type, "repeated_nested_message",
+      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(type, "repeated_foreign_message",
+                                GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::ForeignMessage>()));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_ENUM,
+                       "repeated_nested_enum", 51));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_ENUM,
+                       "repeated_foreign_enum", 52));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      CheckFieldTypeUrl(type, "repeated_nested_enum",
+                        GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(type, "repeated_foreign_enum",
+                                GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum")));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestPackedField) {
+  Type type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(resolver_
+                  ->ResolveMessageType(
+                      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestPackedTypes>(), &type)
+                  .ok());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_INT32,
+                       "packed_int32", 90));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsPacked(type, "packed_int32"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestOneof) {
+  Type type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(resolver_
+                  ->ResolveMessageType(
+                      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes>(), &type)
+                  .ok());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_UINT32,
+                       "oneof_uint32", 111));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                       "oneof_nested_message", 112));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_STRING,
+                       "oneof_string", 113));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL, Field::TYPE_BYTES,
+                       "oneof_bytes", 114));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldInOneof(type, "oneof_uint32", "oneof_field"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldInOneof(type, "oneof_nested_message", "oneof_field"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldInOneof(type, "oneof_string", "oneof_field"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldInOneof(type, "oneof_bytes", "oneof_field"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestMap) {
+  Type type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      resolver_
+          ->ResolveMessageType(GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestMap>(), &type)
+          .ok());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED, Field::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+                       "map_int32_int32", 1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(
+      type, "map_int32_int32",
+      GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.TestMap.MapInt32Int32Entry")));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      resolver_
+          ->ResolveMessageType(
+              GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.TestMap.MapInt32Int32Entry"), &type)
+          .ok());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasBoolOption(type.options(), "map_entry", true));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestCustomMessageOptions) {
+  Type type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      resolver_
+          ->ResolveMessageType(
+              GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestMessageWithCustomOptions>(),
+              &type)
+          .ok());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasInt32Option(type.options(), "protobuf_unittest.message_opt1", -56));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestCustomFieldOptions) {
+  Type type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      resolver_
+          ->ResolveMessageType(
+              GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestMessageWithCustomOptions>(),
+              &type)
+          .ok());
+  const Field* field = FindField(type, "field1");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(field != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasUInt64Option(field->options(), "protobuf_unittest.field_opt1",
+                              8765432109));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestEnum) {
+  Enum type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      resolver_
+          ->ResolveEnumType(
+              GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum"), &type)
+          .ok());
+  EnumHasValue(type, "FOO", 1);
+  EnumHasValue(type, "BAR", 2);
+  EnumHasValue(type, "BAZ", 3);
+  EnumHasValue(type, "NEG", -1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestCustomEnumOptions) {
+  Enum type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      resolver_
+          ->ResolveEnumType(
+              GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.TestMessageWithCustomOptions.AnEnum"),
+              &type)
+          .ok());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      HasInt32Option(type.options(), "protobuf_unittest.enum_opt1", -789));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestCustomValueOptions) {
+  Enum type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      resolver_
+          ->ResolveEnumType(
+              GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.TestMessageWithCustomOptions.AnEnum"),
+              &type)
+          .ok());
+  const EnumValue* value = FindEnumValue(type, "ANENUM_VAL2");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(value != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      HasInt32Option(value->options(), "protobuf_unittest.enum_value_opt1", 123));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestJsonName) {
+  Type type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(resolver_
+                  ->ResolveMessageType(
+                      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes>(), &type)
+                  .ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ("optionalInt32", FindField(type, "optional_int32")->json_name());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      resolver_
+          ->ResolveMessageType(GetTypeUrl<proto3::TestCustomJsonName>(), &type)
+          .ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ("@value", FindField(type, "value")->json_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/well_known_types_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/well_known_types_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9a9aa10e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/well_known_types_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.pb.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+
+// This test only checks whether well-known types are included in protobuf
+// runtime library. The test passes if it compiles.
+TEST(WellKnownTypesTest, AllKnownTypesAreIncluded) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestWellKnownTypes message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.any_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.api_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.duration_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.empty_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.field_mask_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.source_context_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.struct_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.timestamp_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.type_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.int32_field().ByteSize());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f60b774f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1371 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+
+#include <stack>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+const size_t kMapEntryTagByteSize = 2;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// Forward declare static functions
+static size_t MapKeyDataOnlyByteSize(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                     const MapKey& value);
+static size_t MapValueRefDataOnlyByteSize(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                          const MapValueRef& value);
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+bool UnknownFieldSetFieldSkipper::SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                            uint32 tag) {
+  return WireFormat::SkipField(input, tag, unknown_fields_);
+}
+
+bool UnknownFieldSetFieldSkipper::SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  return WireFormat::SkipMessage(input, unknown_fields_);
+}
+
+void UnknownFieldSetFieldSkipper::SkipUnknownEnum(int field_number, int value) {
+  unknown_fields_->AddVarint(field_number, value);
+}
+
+bool WireFormat::SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32 tag,
+                           UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields) {
+  int number = WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag);
+  // Field number 0 is illegal.
+  if (number == 0) return false;
+
+  switch (WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag)) {
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT: {
+      uint64 value;
+      if (!input->ReadVarint64(&value)) return false;
+      if (unknown_fields != NULL) unknown_fields->AddVarint(number, value);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED64: {
+      uint64 value;
+      if (!input->ReadLittleEndian64(&value)) return false;
+      if (unknown_fields != NULL) unknown_fields->AddFixed64(number, value);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED: {
+      uint32 length;
+      if (!input->ReadVarint32(&length)) return false;
+      if (unknown_fields == NULL) {
+        if (!input->Skip(length)) return false;
+      } else {
+        if (!input->ReadString(unknown_fields->AddLengthDelimited(number),
+                               length)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_START_GROUP: {
+      if (!input->IncrementRecursionDepth()) return false;
+      if (!SkipMessage(input, (unknown_fields == NULL)
+                                  ? NULL
+                                  : unknown_fields->AddGroup(number))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      input->DecrementRecursionDepth();
+      // Check that the ending tag matched the starting tag.
+      if (!input->LastTagWas(
+              WireFormatLite::MakeTag(WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag),
+                                      WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP: {
+      return false;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED32: {
+      uint32 value;
+      if (!input->ReadLittleEndian32(&value)) return false;
+      if (unknown_fields != NULL) unknown_fields->AddFixed32(number, value);
+      return true;
+    }
+    default: {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool WireFormat::SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                             UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields) {
+  while (true) {
+    uint32 tag = input->ReadTag();
+    if (tag == 0) {
+      // End of input.  This is a valid place to end, so return true.
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    WireFormatLite::WireType wire_type = WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag);
+
+    if (wire_type == WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+      // Must be the end of the message.
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!SkipField(input, tag, unknown_fields)) return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool WireFormat::ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                                uint32 field_number,
+                                                bool (*is_valid)(int),
+                                                UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields,
+                                                RepeatedField<int>* values) {
+  uint32 length;
+  if (!input->ReadVarint32(&length)) return false;
+  io::CodedInputStream::Limit limit = input->PushLimit(length);
+  while (input->BytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+    int value;
+    if (!WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<int, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(
+            input, &value)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (is_valid == NULL || is_valid(value)) {
+      values->Add(value);
+    } else {
+      unknown_fields->AddVarint(field_number, value);
+    }
+  }
+  input->PopLimit(limit);
+  return true;
+}
+
+uint8* WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields, uint8* target,
+    io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < unknown_fields.field_count(); i++) {
+    const UnknownField& field = unknown_fields.field(i);
+
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    switch (field.type()) {
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT:
+        target = WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64ToArray(field.number(),
+                                                    field.varint(), target);
+        break;
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED32:
+        target = WireFormatLite::WriteFixed32ToArray(field.number(),
+                                                     field.fixed32(), target);
+        break;
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED64:
+        target = WireFormatLite::WriteFixed64ToArray(field.number(),
+                                                     field.fixed64(), target);
+        break;
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+        target = stream->WriteString(field.number(), field.length_delimited(),
+                                     target);
+        break;
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP:
+        target = WireFormatLite::WriteTagToArray(
+            field.number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_START_GROUP, target);
+        target = InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(field.group(), target,
+                                                       stream);
+        target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+        target = WireFormatLite::WriteTagToArray(
+            field.number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP, target);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  return target;
+}
+
+uint8* WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownMessageSetItemsToArray(
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields, uint8* target,
+    io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < unknown_fields.field_count(); i++) {
+    const UnknownField& field = unknown_fields.field(i);
+
+    // The only unknown fields that are allowed to exist in a MessageSet are
+    // messages, which are length-delimited.
+    if (field.type() == UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+      // Start group.
+      target = io::CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(
+          WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemStartTag, target);
+
+      // Write type ID.
+      target = io::CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(
+          WireFormatLite::kMessageSetTypeIdTag, target);
+      target =
+          io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(field.number(), target);
+
+      // Write message.
+      target = io::CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(
+          WireFormatLite::kMessageSetMessageTag, target);
+
+      target = field.InternalSerializeLengthDelimitedNoTag(target, stream);
+
+      target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+      // End group.
+      target = io::CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(
+          WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemEndTag, target);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields) {
+  size_t size = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < unknown_fields.field_count(); i++) {
+    const UnknownField& field = unknown_fields.field(i);
+
+    switch (field.type()) {
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT:
+        size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+            field.number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT));
+        size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize64(field.varint());
+        break;
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED32:
+        size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+            field.number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED32));
+        size += sizeof(int32);
+        break;
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED64:
+        size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+            field.number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED64));
+        size += sizeof(int64);
+        break;
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+        size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+            field.number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED));
+        size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(
+            field.length_delimited().size());
+        size += field.length_delimited().size();
+        break;
+      case UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP:
+        size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+            field.number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_START_GROUP));
+        size += ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(field.group());
+        size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+            field.number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return size;
+}
+
+size_t WireFormat::ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize(
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields) {
+  size_t size = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < unknown_fields.field_count(); i++) {
+    const UnknownField& field = unknown_fields.field(i);
+
+    // The only unknown fields that are allowed to exist in a MessageSet are
+    // messages, which are length-delimited.
+    if (field.type() == UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      size += WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemTagsSize;
+      size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(field.number());
+
+      int field_size = field.GetLengthDelimitedSize();
+      size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(field_size);
+      size += field_size;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return size;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+bool WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                      Message* message) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message->GetDescriptor();
+  const Reflection* message_reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  while (true) {
+    uint32 tag = input->ReadTag();
+    if (tag == 0) {
+      // End of input.  This is a valid place to end, so return true.
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+      // Must be the end of the message.
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = NULL;
+
+    if (descriptor != NULL) {
+      int field_number = WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag);
+      field = descriptor->FindFieldByNumber(field_number);
+
+      // If that failed, check if the field is an extension.
+      if (field == NULL && descriptor->IsExtensionNumber(field_number)) {
+        if (input->GetExtensionPool() == NULL) {
+          field = message_reflection->FindKnownExtensionByNumber(field_number);
+        } else {
+          field = input->GetExtensionPool()->FindExtensionByNumber(
+              descriptor, field_number);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // If that failed, but we're a MessageSet, and this is the tag for a
+      // MessageSet item, then parse that.
+      if (field == NULL && descriptor->options().message_set_wire_format() &&
+          tag == WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemStartTag) {
+        if (!ParseAndMergeMessageSetItem(input, message)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        continue;  // Skip ParseAndMergeField(); already taken care of.
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!ParseAndMergeField(tag, field, message, input)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool WireFormat::SkipMessageSetField(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                     uint32 field_number,
+                                     UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields) {
+  uint32 length;
+  if (!input->ReadVarint32(&length)) return false;
+  return input->ReadString(unknown_fields->AddLengthDelimited(field_number),
+                           length);
+}
+
+bool WireFormat::ParseAndMergeMessageSetField(uint32 field_number,
+                                              const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              Message* message,
+                                              io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  const Reflection* message_reflection = message->GetReflection();
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    // We store unknown MessageSet extensions as groups.
+    return SkipMessageSetField(
+        input, field_number, message_reflection->MutableUnknownFields(message));
+  } else if (field->is_repeated() ||
+             field->type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    // This shouldn't happen as we only allow optional message extensions to
+    // MessageSet.
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Extensions of MessageSets must be optional messages.";
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    Message* sub_message = message_reflection->MutableMessage(
+        message, field, input->GetExtensionFactory());
+    return WireFormatLite::ReadMessage(input, sub_message);
+  }
+}
+
+static bool StrictUtf8Check(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return field->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+}
+
+bool WireFormat::ParseAndMergeField(
+    uint32 tag,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field,  // May be NULL for unknown
+    Message* message, io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  const Reflection* message_reflection = message->GetReflection();
+
+  enum { UNKNOWN, NORMAL_FORMAT, PACKED_FORMAT } value_format;
+
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    value_format = UNKNOWN;
+  } else if (WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+             WireTypeForFieldType(field->type())) {
+    value_format = NORMAL_FORMAT;
+  } else if (field->is_packable() &&
+             WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+                 WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+    value_format = PACKED_FORMAT;
+  } else {
+    // We don't recognize this field. Either the field number is unknown
+    // or the wire type doesn't match. Put it in our unknown field set.
+    value_format = UNKNOWN;
+  }
+
+  if (value_format == UNKNOWN) {
+    return SkipField(input, tag,
+                     message_reflection->MutableUnknownFields(message));
+  } else if (value_format == PACKED_FORMAT) {
+    uint32 length;
+    if (!input->ReadVarint32(&length)) return false;
+    io::CodedInputStream::Limit limit = input->PushLimit(length);
+
+    switch (field->type()) {
+#define HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(TYPE, CPPTYPE, CPPTYPE_METHOD)                      \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##TYPE: {                                         \
+    while (input->BytesUntilLimit() > 0) {                                     \
+      CPPTYPE value;                                                           \
+      if (!WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<CPPTYPE,                              \
+                                         WireFormatLite::TYPE_##TYPE>(input,   \
+                                                                      &value)) \
+        return false;                                                          \
+      message_reflection->Add##CPPTYPE_METHOD(message, field, value);          \
+    }                                                                          \
+    break;                                                                     \
+  }
+
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(INT32, int32, Int32)
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(INT64, int64, Int64)
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(SINT32, int32, Int32)
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(SINT64, int64, Int64)
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(UINT32, uint32, UInt32)
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(UINT64, uint64, UInt64)
+
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(FIXED32, uint32, UInt32)
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(FIXED64, uint64, UInt64)
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(SFIXED32, int32, Int32)
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(SFIXED64, int64, Int64)
+
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(FLOAT, float, Float)
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(DOUBLE, double, Double)
+
+      HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE(BOOL, bool, Bool)
+#undef HANDLE_PACKED_TYPE
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM: {
+        while (input->BytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+          int value;
+          if (!WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<int, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(
+                  input, &value))
+            return false;
+          if (message->GetDescriptor()->file()->syntax() ==
+              FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+            message_reflection->AddEnumValue(message, field, value);
+          } else {
+            const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value =
+                field->enum_type()->FindValueByNumber(value);
+            if (enum_value != NULL) {
+              message_reflection->AddEnum(message, field, enum_value);
+            } else {
+              // The enum value is not one of the known values.  Add it to the
+              // UnknownFieldSet.
+              int64 sign_extended_value = static_cast<int64>(value);
+              message_reflection->MutableUnknownFields(message)->AddVarint(
+                  WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag), sign_extended_value);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+        // Can't have packed fields of these types: these should be caught by
+        // the protocol compiler.
+        return false;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    input->PopLimit(limit);
+  } else {
+    // Non-packed value (value_format == NORMAL_FORMAT)
+    switch (field->type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(TYPE, CPPTYPE, CPPTYPE_METHOD)                            \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##TYPE: {                                        \
+    CPPTYPE value;                                                            \
+    if (!WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<CPPTYPE, WireFormatLite::TYPE_##TYPE>( \
+            input, &value))                                                   \
+      return false;                                                           \
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {                                               \
+      message_reflection->Add##CPPTYPE_METHOD(message, field, value);         \
+    } else {                                                                  \
+      message_reflection->Set##CPPTYPE_METHOD(message, field, value);         \
+    }                                                                         \
+    break;                                                                    \
+  }
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, int32, Int32)
+      HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, int64, Int64)
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SINT32, int32, Int32)
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SINT64, int64, Int64)
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32, UInt32)
+      HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64, UInt64)
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED32, uint32, UInt32)
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FIXED64, uint64, UInt64)
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED32, int32, Int32)
+      HANDLE_TYPE(SFIXED64, int64, Int64)
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(FLOAT, float, Float)
+      HANDLE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double, Double)
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(BOOL, bool, Bool)
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM: {
+        int value;
+        if (!WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<int, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(
+                input, &value))
+          return false;
+        if (field->is_repeated()) {
+          message_reflection->AddEnumValue(message, field, value);
+        } else {
+          message_reflection->SetEnumValue(message, field, value);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // Handle strings separately so that we can optimize the ctype=CORD case.
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING: {
+        bool strict_utf8_check = StrictUtf8Check(field);
+        std::string value;
+        if (!WireFormatLite::ReadString(input, &value)) return false;
+        if (strict_utf8_check) {
+          if (!WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(value.data(), value.length(),
+                                                WireFormatLite::PARSE,
+                                                field->full_name().c_str())) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        } else {
+          VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(value.data(), value.length(), PARSE,
+                                     field->full_name().c_str());
+        }
+        if (field->is_repeated()) {
+          message_reflection->AddString(message, field, value);
+        } else {
+          message_reflection->SetString(message, field, value);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES: {
+        std::string value;
+        if (!WireFormatLite::ReadBytes(input, &value)) return false;
+        if (field->is_repeated()) {
+          message_reflection->AddString(message, field, value);
+        } else {
+          message_reflection->SetString(message, field, value);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP: {
+        Message* sub_message;
+        if (field->is_repeated()) {
+          sub_message = message_reflection->AddMessage(
+              message, field, input->GetExtensionFactory());
+        } else {
+          sub_message = message_reflection->MutableMessage(
+              message, field, input->GetExtensionFactory());
+        }
+
+        if (!WireFormatLite::ReadGroup(WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag),
+                                       input, sub_message))
+          return false;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        Message* sub_message;
+        if (field->is_repeated()) {
+          sub_message = message_reflection->AddMessage(
+              message, field, input->GetExtensionFactory());
+        } else {
+          sub_message = message_reflection->MutableMessage(
+              message, field, input->GetExtensionFactory());
+        }
+
+        if (!WireFormatLite::ReadMessage(input, sub_message)) return false;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool WireFormat::ParseAndMergeMessageSetItem(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                             Message* message) {
+  struct MSReflective {
+    bool ParseField(int type_id, io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field =
+          message_reflection->FindKnownExtensionByNumber(type_id);
+      return ParseAndMergeMessageSetField(type_id, field, message, input);
+    }
+
+    bool SkipField(uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+      return WireFormat::SkipField(input, tag, NULL);
+    }
+
+    const Reflection* message_reflection;
+    Message* message;
+  };
+
+  return ParseMessageSetItemImpl(
+      input, MSReflective{message->GetReflection(), message});
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+uint8* WireFormat::_InternalSerialize(const Message& message, uint8* target,
+                                      io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  const Reflection* message_reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+
+  // Fields of map entry should always be serialized.
+  if (descriptor->options().map_entry()) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+      fields.push_back(descriptor->field(i));
+    }
+  } else {
+    message_reflection->ListFields(message, &fields);
+  }
+
+  for (auto field : fields) {
+    target = InternalSerializeField(field, message, target, stream);
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+    return InternalSerializeUnknownMessageSetItemsToArray(
+        message_reflection->GetUnknownFields(message), target, stream);
+  } else {
+    return InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        message_reflection->GetUnknownFields(message), target, stream);
+  }
+}
+
+static uint8* SerializeMapKeyWithCachedSizes(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                             const MapKey& value, uint8* target,
+                                             io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {
+  target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unsupported";
+      break;
+#define CASE_TYPE(FieldType, CamelFieldType, CamelCppType)   \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##FieldType:                    \
+    target = WireFormatLite::Write##CamelFieldType##ToArray( \
+        1, value.Get##CamelCppType##Value(), target);        \
+    break;
+      CASE_TYPE(INT64, Int64, Int64)
+      CASE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64, UInt64)
+      CASE_TYPE(INT32, Int32, Int32)
+      CASE_TYPE(FIXED64, Fixed64, UInt64)
+      CASE_TYPE(FIXED32, Fixed32, UInt32)
+      CASE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool, Bool)
+      CASE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32, UInt32)
+      CASE_TYPE(SFIXED32, SFixed32, Int32)
+      CASE_TYPE(SFIXED64, SFixed64, Int64)
+      CASE_TYPE(SINT32, SInt32, Int32)
+      CASE_TYPE(SINT64, SInt64, Int64)
+#undef CASE_TYPE
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      target = stream->WriteString(1, value.GetStringValue(), target);
+      break;
+  }
+  return target;
+}
+
+static uint8* SerializeMapValueRefWithCachedSizes(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, const MapValueRef& value, uint8* target,
+    io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {
+  target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+  switch (field->type()) {
+#define CASE_TYPE(FieldType, CamelFieldType, CamelCppType)   \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##FieldType:                    \
+    target = WireFormatLite::Write##CamelFieldType##ToArray( \
+        2, value.Get##CamelCppType##Value(), target);        \
+    break;
+    CASE_TYPE(INT64, Int64, Int64)
+    CASE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64, UInt64)
+    CASE_TYPE(INT32, Int32, Int32)
+    CASE_TYPE(FIXED64, Fixed64, UInt64)
+    CASE_TYPE(FIXED32, Fixed32, UInt32)
+    CASE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool, Bool)
+    CASE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32, UInt32)
+    CASE_TYPE(SFIXED32, SFixed32, Int32)
+    CASE_TYPE(SFIXED64, SFixed64, Int64)
+    CASE_TYPE(SINT32, SInt32, Int32)
+    CASE_TYPE(SINT64, SInt64, Int64)
+    CASE_TYPE(ENUM, Enum, Enum)
+    CASE_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double, Double)
+    CASE_TYPE(FLOAT, Float, Float)
+#undef CASE_TYPE
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      target = stream->WriteString(2, value.GetStringValue(), target);
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      target = WireFormatLite::InternalWriteMessage(2, value.GetMessageValue(),
+                                                    target, stream);
+      break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      target = WireFormatLite::InternalWriteGroup(2, value.GetMessageValue(),
+                                                  target, stream);
+      break;
+  }
+  return target;
+}
+
+class MapKeySorter {
+ public:
+  static std::vector<MapKey> SortKey(const Message& message,
+                                     const Reflection* reflection,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+    std::vector<MapKey> sorted_key_list;
+    for (MapIterator it =
+             reflection->MapBegin(const_cast<Message*>(&message), field);
+         it != reflection->MapEnd(const_cast<Message*>(&message), field);
+         ++it) {
+      sorted_key_list.push_back(it.GetKey());
+    }
+    MapKeyComparator comparator;
+    std::sort(sorted_key_list.begin(), sorted_key_list.end(), comparator);
+    return sorted_key_list;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class MapKeyComparator {
+   public:
+    bool operator()(const MapKey& a, const MapKey& b) const {
+      GOOGLE_DCHECK(a.type() == b.type());
+      switch (a.type()) {
+#define CASE_TYPE(CppType, CamelCppType)                                \
+  case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_##CppType: {                            \
+    return a.Get##CamelCppType##Value() < b.Get##CamelCppType##Value(); \
+  }
+        CASE_TYPE(STRING, String)
+        CASE_TYPE(INT64, Int64)
+        CASE_TYPE(INT32, Int32)
+        CASE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64)
+        CASE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32)
+        CASE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool)
+#undef CASE_TYPE
+
+        default:
+          GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Invalid key for map field.";
+          return true;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+static uint8* InternalSerializeMapEntry(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                        const MapKey& key,
+                                        const MapValueRef& value, uint8* target,
+                                        io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* key_field = field->message_type()->field(0);
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_field = field->message_type()->field(1);
+
+  size_t size = kMapEntryTagByteSize;
+  size += MapKeyDataOnlyByteSize(key_field, key);
+  size += MapValueRefDataOnlyByteSize(value_field, value);
+  target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+  target = WireFormatLite::WriteTagToArray(
+      field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, target);
+  target = io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(size, target);
+  target = SerializeMapKeyWithCachedSizes(key_field, key, target, stream);
+  target =
+      SerializeMapValueRefWithCachedSizes(value_field, value, target, stream);
+  return target;
+}
+
+uint8* WireFormat::InternalSerializeField(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                          const Message& message, uint8* target,
+                                          io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {
+  const Reflection* message_reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  if (field->is_extension() &&
+      field->containing_type()->options().message_set_wire_format() &&
+      field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+      !field->is_repeated()) {
+    return InternalSerializeMessageSetItem(field, message, target, stream);
+  }
+
+  // For map fields, we can use either repeated field reflection or map
+  // reflection.  Our choice has some subtle effects.  If we use repeated field
+  // reflection here, then the repeated field representation becomes
+  // authoritative for this field: any existing references that came from map
+  // reflection remain valid for reading, but mutations to them are lost and
+  // will be overwritten next time we call map reflection!
+  //
+  // So far this mainly affects Python, which keeps long-term references to map
+  // values around, and always uses map reflection.  See: b/35918691
+  //
+  // Here we choose to use map reflection API as long as the internal
+  // map is valid. In this way, the serialization doesn't change map field's
+  // internal state and existing references that came from map reflection remain
+  // valid for both reading and writing.
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    const MapFieldBase* map_field =
+        message_reflection->GetMapData(message, field);
+    if (map_field->IsMapValid()) {
+      if (stream->IsSerializationDeterministic()) {
+        std::vector<MapKey> sorted_key_list =
+            MapKeySorter::SortKey(message, message_reflection, field);
+        for (std::vector<MapKey>::iterator it = sorted_key_list.begin();
+             it != sorted_key_list.end(); ++it) {
+          MapValueRef map_value;
+          message_reflection->InsertOrLookupMapValue(
+              const_cast<Message*>(&message), field, *it, &map_value);
+          target =
+              InternalSerializeMapEntry(field, *it, map_value, target, stream);
+        }
+      } else {
+        for (MapIterator it = message_reflection->MapBegin(
+                 const_cast<Message*>(&message), field);
+             it !=
+             message_reflection->MapEnd(const_cast<Message*>(&message), field);
+             ++it) {
+          target = InternalSerializeMapEntry(field, it.GetKey(),
+                                             it.GetValueRef(), target, stream);
+        }
+      }
+
+      return target;
+    }
+  }
+  int count = 0;
+
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    count = message_reflection->FieldSize(message, field);
+  } else if (field->containing_type()->options().map_entry()) {
+    // Map entry fields always need to be serialized.
+    count = 1;
+  } else if (message_reflection->HasField(message, field)) {
+    count = 1;
+  }
+
+  // map_entries is for maps that'll be deterministically serialized.
+  std::vector<const Message*> map_entries;
+  if (count > 1 && field->is_map() && stream->IsSerializationDeterministic()) {
+    map_entries =
+        DynamicMapSorter::Sort(message, count, message_reflection, field);
+  }
+
+  if (field->is_packed()) {
+    if (count == 0) return target;
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    switch (field->type()) {
+#define HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(TYPE, CPPTYPE, TYPE_METHOD, CPPTYPE_METHOD)      \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##TYPE: {                                         \
+    auto r =                                                                   \
+        message_reflection->GetRepeatedFieldInternal<CPPTYPE>(message, field); \
+    target = stream->Write##TYPE_METHOD##Packed(                               \
+        field->number(), r, FieldDataOnlyByteSize(field, message), target);    \
+    break;                                                                     \
+  }
+
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(INT32, int32, Int32, Int32)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(INT64, int64, Int64, Int64)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(SINT32, int32, SInt32, Int32)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(SINT64, int64, SInt64, Int64)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32, UInt32, UInt32)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64, UInt64, UInt64)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(ENUM, int, Enum, Enum)
+
+#undef HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE
+#define HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(TYPE, CPPTYPE, TYPE_METHOD, CPPTYPE_METHOD)      \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##TYPE: {                                         \
+    auto r =                                                                   \
+        message_reflection->GetRepeatedFieldInternal<CPPTYPE>(message, field); \
+    target = stream->WriteFixedPacked(field->number(), r, target);             \
+    break;                                                                     \
+  }
+
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(FIXED32, uint32, Fixed32, UInt32)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(FIXED64, uint64, Fixed64, UInt64)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(SFIXED32, int32, SFixed32, Int32)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(SFIXED64, int64, SFixed64, Int64)
+
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(FLOAT, float, Float, Float)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double, Double, Double)
+
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(BOOL, bool, Bool, Bool)
+#undef HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE
+      default:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Invalid descriptor";
+    }
+    return target;
+  }
+
+  for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    switch (field->type()) {
+#define HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(TYPE, CPPTYPE, TYPE_METHOD, CPPTYPE_METHOD)     \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##TYPE: {                                        \
+    const CPPTYPE value =                                                     \
+        field->is_repeated()                                                  \
+            ? message_reflection->GetRepeated##CPPTYPE_METHOD(message, field, \
+                                                              j)              \
+            : message_reflection->Get##CPPTYPE_METHOD(message, field);        \
+    target = WireFormatLite::Write##TYPE_METHOD##ToArray(field->number(),     \
+                                                         value, target);      \
+    break;                                                                    \
+  }
+
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(INT32, int32, Int32, Int32)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(INT64, int64, Int64, Int64)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(SINT32, int32, SInt32, Int32)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(SINT64, int64, SInt64, Int64)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(UINT32, uint32, UInt32, UInt32)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(UINT64, uint64, UInt64, UInt64)
+
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(FIXED32, uint32, Fixed32, UInt32)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(FIXED64, uint64, Fixed64, UInt64)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(SFIXED32, int32, SFixed32, Int32)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(SFIXED64, int64, SFixed64, Int64)
+
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(FLOAT, float, Float, Float)
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(DOUBLE, double, Double, Double)
+
+      HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE(BOOL, bool, Bool, Bool)
+#undef HANDLE_PRIMITIVE_TYPE
+
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(TYPE, TYPE_METHOD, CPPTYPE_METHOD)                         \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##TYPE:                                           \
+    target = WireFormatLite::InternalWrite##TYPE_METHOD(                       \
+        field->number(),                                                       \
+        field->is_repeated()                                                   \
+            ? (map_entries.empty()                                             \
+                   ? message_reflection->GetRepeated##CPPTYPE_METHOD(message,  \
+                                                                     field, j) \
+                   : *map_entries[j])                                          \
+            : message_reflection->Get##CPPTYPE_METHOD(message, field),         \
+        target, stream);                                                       \
+    break;
+
+      HANDLE_TYPE(GROUP, Group, Message)
+      HANDLE_TYPE(MESSAGE, Message, Message)
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM: {
+        const EnumValueDescriptor* value =
+            field->is_repeated()
+                ? message_reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, field, j)
+                : message_reflection->GetEnum(message, field);
+        target = WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(field->number(),
+                                                  value->number(), target);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // Handle strings separately so that we can get string references
+      // instead of copying.
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING: {
+        bool strict_utf8_check = StrictUtf8Check(field);
+        std::string scratch;
+        const std::string& value =
+            field->is_repeated()
+                ? message_reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(message, field,
+                                                                 j, &scratch)
+                : message_reflection->GetStringReference(message, field,
+                                                         &scratch);
+        if (strict_utf8_check) {
+          WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(value.data(), value.length(),
+                                           WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+                                           field->full_name().c_str());
+        } else {
+          VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(value.data(), value.length(), SERIALIZE,
+                                     field->full_name().c_str());
+        }
+        target = stream->WriteString(field->number(), value, target);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES: {
+        std::string scratch;
+        const std::string& value =
+            field->is_repeated()
+                ? message_reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(message, field,
+                                                                 j, &scratch)
+                : message_reflection->GetStringReference(message, field,
+                                                         &scratch);
+        target = stream->WriteString(field->number(), value, target);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return target;
+}
+
+uint8* WireFormat::InternalSerializeMessageSetItem(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, const Message& message, uint8* target,
+    io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {
+  const Reflection* message_reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+  // Start group.
+  target = io::CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(
+      WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemStartTag, target);
+  // Write type ID.
+  target = WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32ToArray(
+      WireFormatLite::kMessageSetTypeIdNumber, field->number(), target);
+  // Write message.
+  target = WireFormatLite::InternalWriteMessage(
+      WireFormatLite::kMessageSetMessageNumber,
+      message_reflection->GetMessage(message, field), target, stream);
+  // End group.
+  target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+  target = io::CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(
+      WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemEndTag, target);
+  return target;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+size_t WireFormat::ByteSize(const Message& message) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  const Reflection* message_reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  size_t our_size = 0;
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+
+  // Fields of map entry should always be serialized.
+  if (descriptor->options().map_entry()) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+      fields.push_back(descriptor->field(i));
+    }
+  } else {
+    message_reflection->ListFields(message, &fields);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+    our_size += FieldByteSize(fields[i], message);
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+    our_size += ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize(
+        message_reflection->GetUnknownFields(message));
+  } else {
+    our_size +=
+        ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(message_reflection->GetUnknownFields(message));
+  }
+
+  return our_size;
+}
+
+size_t WireFormat::FieldByteSize(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                 const Message& message) {
+  const Reflection* message_reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  if (field->is_extension() &&
+      field->containing_type()->options().message_set_wire_format() &&
+      field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+      !field->is_repeated()) {
+    return MessageSetItemByteSize(field, message);
+  }
+
+  size_t count = 0;
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    if (field->is_map()) {
+      const MapFieldBase* map_field =
+          message_reflection->GetMapData(message, field);
+      if (map_field->IsMapValid()) {
+        count = FromIntSize(map_field->size());
+      } else {
+        count = FromIntSize(message_reflection->FieldSize(message, field));
+      }
+    } else {
+      count = FromIntSize(message_reflection->FieldSize(message, field));
+    }
+  } else if (field->containing_type()->options().map_entry()) {
+    // Map entry fields always need to be serialized.
+    count = 1;
+  } else if (message_reflection->HasField(message, field)) {
+    count = 1;
+  }
+
+  const size_t data_size = FieldDataOnlyByteSize(field, message);
+  size_t our_size = data_size;
+  if (field->is_packed()) {
+    if (data_size > 0) {
+      // Packed fields get serialized like a string, not their native type.
+      // Technically this doesn't really matter; the size only changes if it's
+      // a GROUP
+      our_size += TagSize(field->number(), FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING);
+      our_size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(data_size);
+    }
+  } else {
+    our_size += count * TagSize(field->number(), field->type());
+  }
+  return our_size;
+}
+
+static size_t MapKeyDataOnlyByteSize(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                     const MapKey& value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TypeToCppType(field->type()), value.type());
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unsupported";
+      return 0;
+#define CASE_TYPE(FieldType, CamelFieldType, CamelCppType) \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##FieldType:                  \
+    return WireFormatLite::CamelFieldType##Size(           \
+        value.Get##CamelCppType##Value());
+
+#define FIXED_CASE_TYPE(FieldType, CamelFieldType) \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##FieldType:          \
+    return WireFormatLite::k##CamelFieldType##Size;
+
+      CASE_TYPE(INT32, Int32, Int32);
+      CASE_TYPE(INT64, Int64, Int64);
+      CASE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32, UInt32);
+      CASE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64, UInt64);
+      CASE_TYPE(SINT32, SInt32, Int32);
+      CASE_TYPE(SINT64, SInt64, Int64);
+      CASE_TYPE(STRING, String, String);
+      FIXED_CASE_TYPE(FIXED32, Fixed32);
+      FIXED_CASE_TYPE(FIXED64, Fixed64);
+      FIXED_CASE_TYPE(SFIXED32, SFixed32);
+      FIXED_CASE_TYPE(SFIXED64, SFixed64);
+      FIXED_CASE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool);
+
+#undef CASE_TYPE
+#undef FIXED_CASE_TYPE
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Cannot get here";
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static size_t MapValueRefDataOnlyByteSize(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                          const MapValueRef& value) {
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unsupported";
+      return 0;
+#define CASE_TYPE(FieldType, CamelFieldType, CamelCppType) \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##FieldType:                  \
+    return WireFormatLite::CamelFieldType##Size(           \
+        value.Get##CamelCppType##Value());
+
+#define FIXED_CASE_TYPE(FieldType, CamelFieldType) \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##FieldType:          \
+    return WireFormatLite::k##CamelFieldType##Size;
+
+      CASE_TYPE(INT32, Int32, Int32);
+      CASE_TYPE(INT64, Int64, Int64);
+      CASE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32, UInt32);
+      CASE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64, UInt64);
+      CASE_TYPE(SINT32, SInt32, Int32);
+      CASE_TYPE(SINT64, SInt64, Int64);
+      CASE_TYPE(STRING, String, String);
+      CASE_TYPE(BYTES, Bytes, String);
+      CASE_TYPE(ENUM, Enum, Enum);
+      CASE_TYPE(MESSAGE, Message, Message);
+      FIXED_CASE_TYPE(FIXED32, Fixed32);
+      FIXED_CASE_TYPE(FIXED64, Fixed64);
+      FIXED_CASE_TYPE(SFIXED32, SFixed32);
+      FIXED_CASE_TYPE(SFIXED64, SFixed64);
+      FIXED_CASE_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double);
+      FIXED_CASE_TYPE(FLOAT, Float);
+      FIXED_CASE_TYPE(BOOL, Bool);
+
+#undef CASE_TYPE
+#undef FIXED_CASE_TYPE
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Cannot get here";
+  return 0;
+}
+
+size_t WireFormat::FieldDataOnlyByteSize(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                         const Message& message) {
+  const Reflection* message_reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  size_t data_size = 0;
+
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    const MapFieldBase* map_field =
+        message_reflection->GetMapData(message, field);
+    if (map_field->IsMapValid()) {
+      MapIterator iter(const_cast<Message*>(&message), field);
+      MapIterator end(const_cast<Message*>(&message), field);
+      const FieldDescriptor* key_field = field->message_type()->field(0);
+      const FieldDescriptor* value_field = field->message_type()->field(1);
+      for (map_field->MapBegin(&iter), map_field->MapEnd(&end); iter != end;
+           ++iter) {
+        size_t size = kMapEntryTagByteSize;
+        size += MapKeyDataOnlyByteSize(key_field, iter.GetKey());
+        size += MapValueRefDataOnlyByteSize(value_field, iter.GetValueRef());
+        data_size += WireFormatLite::LengthDelimitedSize(size);
+      }
+      return data_size;
+    }
+  }
+
+  size_t count = 0;
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    count =
+        internal::FromIntSize(message_reflection->FieldSize(message, field));
+  } else if (field->containing_type()->options().map_entry()) {
+    // Map entry fields always need to be serialized.
+    count = 1;
+  } else if (message_reflection->HasField(message, field)) {
+    count = 1;
+  }
+
+  switch (field->type()) {
+#define HANDLE_TYPE(TYPE, TYPE_METHOD, CPPTYPE_METHOD)                      \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##TYPE:                                        \
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {                                             \
+      for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {                                     \
+        data_size += WireFormatLite::TYPE_METHOD##Size(                     \
+            message_reflection->GetRepeated##CPPTYPE_METHOD(message, field, \
+                                                            j));            \
+      }                                                                     \
+    } else {                                                                \
+      data_size += WireFormatLite::TYPE_METHOD##Size(                       \
+          message_reflection->Get##CPPTYPE_METHOD(message, field));         \
+    }                                                                       \
+    break;
+
+#define HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(TYPE, TYPE_METHOD)                   \
+  case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##TYPE:                           \
+    data_size += count * WireFormatLite::k##TYPE_METHOD##Size; \
+    break;
+
+    HANDLE_TYPE(INT32, Int32, Int32)
+    HANDLE_TYPE(INT64, Int64, Int64)
+    HANDLE_TYPE(SINT32, SInt32, Int32)
+    HANDLE_TYPE(SINT64, SInt64, Int64)
+    HANDLE_TYPE(UINT32, UInt32, UInt32)
+    HANDLE_TYPE(UINT64, UInt64, UInt64)
+
+    HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(FIXED32, Fixed32)
+    HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(FIXED64, Fixed64)
+    HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(SFIXED32, SFixed32)
+    HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(SFIXED64, SFixed64)
+
+    HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(FLOAT, Float)
+    HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(DOUBLE, Double)
+
+    HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE(BOOL, Bool)
+
+    HANDLE_TYPE(GROUP, Group, Message)
+    HANDLE_TYPE(MESSAGE, Message, Message)
+#undef HANDLE_TYPE
+#undef HANDLE_FIXED_TYPE
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM: {
+      if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
+          data_size += WireFormatLite::EnumSize(
+              message_reflection->GetRepeatedEnum(message, field, j)->number());
+        }
+      } else {
+        data_size += WireFormatLite::EnumSize(
+            message_reflection->GetEnum(message, field)->number());
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // Handle strings separately so that we can get string references
+    // instead of copying.
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES: {
+      for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
+        std::string scratch;
+        const std::string& value =
+            field->is_repeated()
+                ? message_reflection->GetRepeatedStringReference(message, field,
+                                                                 j, &scratch)
+                : message_reflection->GetStringReference(message, field,
+                                                         &scratch);
+        data_size += WireFormatLite::StringSize(value);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return data_size;
+}
+
+size_t WireFormat::MessageSetItemByteSize(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                          const Message& message) {
+  const Reflection* message_reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  size_t our_size = WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemTagsSize;
+
+  // type_id
+  our_size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(field->number());
+
+  // message
+  const Message& sub_message = message_reflection->GetMessage(message, field);
+  size_t message_size = sub_message.ByteSizeLong();
+
+  our_size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(message_size);
+  our_size += message_size;
+
+  return our_size;
+}
+
+// Compute the size of the UnknownFieldSet on the wire.
+size_t ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(const InternalMetadataWithArena& metadata,
+                                size_t total_size, CachedSize* cached_size) {
+  total_size += WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(metadata.unknown_fields());
+  cached_size->Set(ToCachedSize(total_size));
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57582e337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.h
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//         atenasio@google.com (Chris Atenasio) (ZigZag transform)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This header is logically internal, but is made public because it is used
+// from protocol-compiler-generated code, which may reside in other components.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+
+#ifdef SWIG
+#error "You cannot SWIG proto headers"
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class UnknownFieldSet;  // unknown_field_set.h
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// This class is for internal use by the protocol buffer library and by
+// protocol-complier-generated message classes.  It must not be called
+// directly by clients.
+//
+// This class contains code for implementing the binary protocol buffer
+// wire format via reflection.  The WireFormatLite class implements the
+// non-reflection based routines.
+//
+// This class is really a namespace that contains only static methods
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormat {
+ public:
+  // Given a field return its WireType
+  static inline WireFormatLite::WireType WireTypeForField(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  // Given a FieldDescriptor::Type return its WireType
+  static inline WireFormatLite::WireType WireTypeForFieldType(
+      FieldDescriptor::Type type);
+
+  // Compute the byte size of a tag.  For groups, this includes both the start
+  // and end tags.
+  static inline size_t TagSize(int field_number, FieldDescriptor::Type type);
+
+  // These procedures can be used to implement the methods of Message which
+  // handle parsing and serialization of the protocol buffer wire format
+  // using only the Reflection interface.  When you ask the protocol
+  // compiler to optimize for code size rather than speed, it will implement
+  // those methods in terms of these procedures.  Of course, these are much
+  // slower than the specialized implementations which the protocol compiler
+  // generates when told to optimize for speed.
+
+  // Read a message in protocol buffer wire format.
+  //
+  // This procedure reads either to the end of the input stream or through
+  // a WIRETYPE_END_GROUP tag ending the message, whichever comes first.
+  // It returns false if the input is invalid.
+  //
+  // Required fields are NOT checked by this method.  You must call
+  // IsInitialized() on the resulting message yourself.
+  static bool ParseAndMergePartial(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                   Message* message);
+
+  // Serialize a message in protocol buffer wire format.
+  //
+  // Any embedded messages within the message must have their correct sizes
+  // cached.  However, the top-level message need not; its size is passed as
+  // a parameter to this procedure.
+  //
+  // These return false iff the underlying stream returns a write error.
+  static void SerializeWithCachedSizes(const Message& message, int size,
+                                       io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    int expected_endpoint = output->ByteCount() + size;
+    output->SetCur(
+        _InternalSerialize(message, output->Cur(), output->EpsCopy()));
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(output->ByteCount(), expected_endpoint)
+        << ": Protocol message serialized to a size different from what was "
+           "originally expected.  Perhaps it was modified by another thread "
+           "during serialization?";
+  }
+  static uint8* _InternalSerialize(const Message& message, uint8* target,
+                                   io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream);
+
+  // Implements Message::ByteSize() via reflection.  WARNING:  The result
+  // of this method is *not* cached anywhere.  However, all embedded messages
+  // will have their ByteSize() methods called, so their sizes will be cached.
+  // Therefore, calling this method is sufficient to allow you to call
+  // WireFormat::SerializeWithCachedSizes() on the same object.
+  static size_t ByteSize(const Message& message);
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Helpers for dealing with unknown fields
+
+  // Skips a field value of the given WireType.  The input should start
+  // positioned immediately after the tag.  If unknown_fields is non-NULL,
+  // the contents of the field will be added to it.
+  static bool SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32 tag,
+                        UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
+
+  // Reads and ignores a message from the input.  If unknown_fields is
+  // non-NULL, the contents will be added to it.
+  static bool SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                          UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
+
+  // Read a packed enum field. If the is_valid function is not NULL, values
+  // for which is_valid(value) returns false are appended to
+  // unknown_fields_stream.
+  static bool ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                             uint32 field_number,
+                                             bool (*is_valid)(int),
+                                             UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields,
+                                             RepeatedField<int>* values);
+
+  // Write the contents of an UnknownFieldSet to the output.
+  static void SerializeUnknownFields(const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields,
+                                     io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    output->SetCur(InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        unknown_fields, output->Cur(), output->EpsCopy()));
+  }
+  // Same as above, except writing directly to the provided buffer.
+  // Requires that the buffer have sufficient capacity for
+  // ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(unknown_fields).
+  //
+  // Returns a pointer past the last written byte.
+  static uint8* SerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+      const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields, uint8* target) {
+    io::EpsCopyOutputStream stream(
+        target, static_cast<int>(ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(unknown_fields)),
+        io::CodedOutputStream::IsDefaultSerializationDeterministic());
+    return InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(unknown_fields, target,
+                                                 &stream);
+  }
+  static uint8* InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+      const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields, uint8* target,
+      io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream);
+
+  // Same thing except for messages that have the message_set_wire_format
+  // option.
+  static void SerializeUnknownMessageSetItems(
+      const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    output->SetCur(InternalSerializeUnknownMessageSetItemsToArray(
+        unknown_fields, output->Cur(), output->EpsCopy()));
+  }
+  // Same as above, except writing directly to the provided buffer.
+  // Requires that the buffer have sufficient capacity for
+  // ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize(unknown_fields).
+  //
+  // Returns a pointer past the last written byte.
+  static uint8* SerializeUnknownMessageSetItemsToArray(
+      const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields, uint8* target);
+  static uint8* InternalSerializeUnknownMessageSetItemsToArray(
+      const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields, uint8* target,
+      io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream);
+
+  // Compute the size of the UnknownFieldSet on the wire.
+  static size_t ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields);
+
+  // Same thing except for messages that have the message_set_wire_format
+  // option.
+  static size_t ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize(
+      const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields);
+
+  // Helper functions for encoding and decoding tags.  (Inlined below and in
+  // _inl.h)
+  //
+  // This is different from MakeTag(field->number(), field->type()) in the
+  // case of packed repeated fields.
+  static uint32 MakeTag(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  // Parse a single field.  The input should start out positioned immediately
+  // after the tag.
+  static bool ParseAndMergeField(
+      uint32 tag,
+      const FieldDescriptor* field,  // May be NULL for unknown
+      Message* message, io::CodedInputStream* input);
+
+  // Serialize a single field.
+  static void SerializeFieldWithCachedSizes(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field,  // Cannot be NULL
+      const Message& message, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    output->SetCur(InternalSerializeField(field, message, output->Cur(),
+                                          output->EpsCopy()));
+  }
+  static uint8* InternalSerializeField(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field,  // Cannot be NULL
+      const Message& message, uint8* target, io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream);
+
+  // Compute size of a single field.  If the field is a message type, this
+  // will call ByteSize() for the embedded message, insuring that it caches
+  // its size.
+  static size_t FieldByteSize(const FieldDescriptor* field,  // Cannot be NULL
+                              const Message& message);
+
+  // Parse/serialize a MessageSet::Item group.  Used with messages that use
+  // opion message_set_wire_format = true.
+  static bool ParseAndMergeMessageSetItem(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                          Message* message);
+  static void SerializeMessageSetItemWithCachedSizes(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field, const Message& message,
+      io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+    output->SetCur(InternalSerializeMessageSetItem(
+        field, message, output->Cur(), output->EpsCopy()));
+  }
+  static uint8* InternalSerializeMessageSetItem(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field, const Message& message, uint8* target,
+      io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream);
+  static size_t MessageSetItemByteSize(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                       const Message& message);
+
+  // Computes the byte size of a field, excluding tags. For packed fields, it
+  // only includes the size of the raw data, and not the size of the total
+  // length, but for other length-delimited types, the size of the length is
+  // included.
+  static size_t FieldDataOnlyByteSize(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field,  // Cannot be NULL
+      const Message& message);
+
+  enum Operation {
+    PARSE = 0,
+    SERIALIZE = 1,
+  };
+
+  // Verifies that a string field is valid UTF8, logging an error if not.
+  // This function will not be called by newly generated protobuf code
+  // but remains present to support existing code.
+  static void VerifyUTF8String(const char* data, int size, Operation op);
+  // The NamedField variant takes a field name in order to produce an
+  // informative error message if verification fails.
+  static void VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(const char* data, int size,
+                                         Operation op, const char* field_name);
+
+ private:
+  // Skip a MessageSet field.
+  static bool SkipMessageSetField(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                  uint32 field_number,
+                                  UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
+
+  // Parse a MessageSet field.
+  static bool ParseAndMergeMessageSetField(uint32 field_number,
+                                           const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                           Message* message,
+                                           io::CodedInputStream* input);
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(WireFormat);
+};
+
+// Subclass of FieldSkipper which saves skipped fields to an UnknownFieldSet.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT UnknownFieldSetFieldSkipper : public FieldSkipper {
+ public:
+  UnknownFieldSetFieldSkipper(UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields)
+      : unknown_fields_(unknown_fields) {}
+  ~UnknownFieldSetFieldSkipper() override {}
+
+  // implements FieldSkipper -----------------------------------------
+  bool SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32 tag) override;
+  bool SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input) override;
+  void SkipUnknownEnum(int field_number, int value) override;
+
+ protected:
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields_;
+};
+
+// inline methods ====================================================
+
+inline WireFormatLite::WireType WireFormat::WireTypeForField(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->is_packed()) {
+    return WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED;
+  } else {
+    return WireTypeForFieldType(field->type());
+  }
+}
+
+inline WireFormatLite::WireType WireFormat::WireTypeForFieldType(
+    FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+  // Some compilers don't like enum -> enum casts, so we implicit_cast to
+  // int first.
+  return WireFormatLite::WireTypeForFieldType(
+      static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(implicit_cast<int>(type)));
+}
+
+inline uint32 WireFormat::MakeTag(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(), WireTypeForField(field));
+}
+
+inline size_t WireFormat::TagSize(int field_number,
+                                  FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+  // Some compilers don't like enum -> enum casts, so we implicit_cast to
+  // int first.
+  return WireFormatLite::TagSize(
+      field_number,
+      static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(implicit_cast<int>(type)));
+}
+
+inline void WireFormat::VerifyUTF8String(const char* data, int size,
+                                         WireFormat::Operation op) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+  WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      data, size, static_cast<WireFormatLite::Operation>(op), NULL);
+#else
+  // Avoid the compiler warning about unused variables.
+  (void)data;
+  (void)size;
+  (void)op;
+#endif
+}
+
+inline void WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(const char* data, int size,
+                                                   WireFormat::Operation op,
+                                                   const char* field_name) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+  WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      data, size, static_cast<WireFormatLite::Operation>(op), field_name);
+#else
+  // Avoid the compiler warning about unused variables.
+  (void)data;
+  (void)size;
+  (void)op;
+  (void)field_name;
+#endif
+}
+
+
+inline uint8* InternalSerializeUnknownMessageSetItemsToArray(
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields, uint8* target,
+    io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {
+  return WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownMessageSetItemsToArray(
+      unknown_fields, target, stream);
+}
+
+inline size_t ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize(
+    const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields) {
+  return WireFormat::ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize(unknown_fields);
+}
+
+// Compute the size of the UnknownFieldSet on the wire.
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+size_t ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(const InternalMetadataWithArena& metadata,
+                                size_t size, CachedSize* cached_size);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47ad0f1e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,782 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+#include <stack>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
+// Old version of MSVC doesn't like definitions of inline constants, GCC
+// requires them.
+const int WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemStartTag;
+const int WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemEndTag;
+const int WireFormatLite::kMessageSetTypeIdTag;
+const int WireFormatLite::kMessageSetMessageTag;
+
+#endif
+
+// IBM xlC requires prefixing constants with WireFormatLite::
+const size_t WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemTagsSize =
+    io::CodedOutputStream::StaticVarintSize32<
+        WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemStartTag>::value +
+    io::CodedOutputStream::StaticVarintSize32<
+        WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemEndTag>::value +
+    io::CodedOutputStream::StaticVarintSize32<
+        WireFormatLite::kMessageSetTypeIdTag>::value +
+    io::CodedOutputStream::StaticVarintSize32<
+        WireFormatLite::kMessageSetMessageTag>::value;
+
+const WireFormatLite::CppType
+    WireFormatLite::kFieldTypeToCppTypeMap[MAX_FIELD_TYPE + 1] = {
+        static_cast<CppType>(0),  // 0 is reserved for errors
+
+        CPPTYPE_DOUBLE,   // TYPE_DOUBLE
+        CPPTYPE_FLOAT,    // TYPE_FLOAT
+        CPPTYPE_INT64,    // TYPE_INT64
+        CPPTYPE_UINT64,   // TYPE_UINT64
+        CPPTYPE_INT32,    // TYPE_INT32
+        CPPTYPE_UINT64,   // TYPE_FIXED64
+        CPPTYPE_UINT32,   // TYPE_FIXED32
+        CPPTYPE_BOOL,     // TYPE_BOOL
+        CPPTYPE_STRING,   // TYPE_STRING
+        CPPTYPE_MESSAGE,  // TYPE_GROUP
+        CPPTYPE_MESSAGE,  // TYPE_MESSAGE
+        CPPTYPE_STRING,   // TYPE_BYTES
+        CPPTYPE_UINT32,   // TYPE_UINT32
+        CPPTYPE_ENUM,     // TYPE_ENUM
+        CPPTYPE_INT32,    // TYPE_SFIXED32
+        CPPTYPE_INT64,    // TYPE_SFIXED64
+        CPPTYPE_INT32,    // TYPE_SINT32
+        CPPTYPE_INT64,    // TYPE_SINT64
+};
+
+const WireFormatLite::WireType
+    WireFormatLite::kWireTypeForFieldType[MAX_FIELD_TYPE + 1] = {
+        static_cast<WireFormatLite::WireType>(-1),  // invalid
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED64,           // TYPE_DOUBLE
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED32,           // TYPE_FLOAT
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT,            // TYPE_INT64
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT,            // TYPE_UINT64
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT,            // TYPE_INT32
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED64,           // TYPE_FIXED64
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED32,           // TYPE_FIXED32
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT,            // TYPE_BOOL
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,  // TYPE_STRING
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_START_GROUP,       // TYPE_GROUP
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,  // TYPE_MESSAGE
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,  // TYPE_BYTES
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT,            // TYPE_UINT32
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT,            // TYPE_ENUM
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED32,           // TYPE_SFIXED32
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED64,           // TYPE_SFIXED64
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT,            // TYPE_SINT32
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT,            // TYPE_SINT64
+};
+
+bool WireFormatLite::SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32 tag) {
+  // Field number 0 is illegal.
+  if (WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag) == 0) return false;
+  switch (WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag)) {
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT: {
+      uint64 value;
+      if (!input->ReadVarint64(&value)) return false;
+      return true;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED64: {
+      uint64 value;
+      if (!input->ReadLittleEndian64(&value)) return false;
+      return true;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED: {
+      uint32 length;
+      if (!input->ReadVarint32(&length)) return false;
+      if (!input->Skip(length)) return false;
+      return true;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_START_GROUP: {
+      if (!input->IncrementRecursionDepth()) return false;
+      if (!SkipMessage(input)) return false;
+      input->DecrementRecursionDepth();
+      // Check that the ending tag matched the starting tag.
+      if (!input->LastTagWas(
+              WireFormatLite::MakeTag(WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag),
+                                      WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP: {
+      return false;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED32: {
+      uint32 value;
+      if (!input->ReadLittleEndian32(&value)) return false;
+      return true;
+    }
+    default: {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool WireFormatLite::SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32 tag,
+                               io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  // Field number 0 is illegal.
+  if (WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag) == 0) return false;
+  switch (WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag)) {
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT: {
+      uint64 value;
+      if (!input->ReadVarint64(&value)) return false;
+      output->WriteVarint32(tag);
+      output->WriteVarint64(value);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED64: {
+      uint64 value;
+      if (!input->ReadLittleEndian64(&value)) return false;
+      output->WriteVarint32(tag);
+      output->WriteLittleEndian64(value);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED: {
+      uint32 length;
+      if (!input->ReadVarint32(&length)) return false;
+      output->WriteVarint32(tag);
+      output->WriteVarint32(length);
+      // TODO(mkilavuz): Provide API to prevent extra string copying.
+      std::string temp;
+      if (!input->ReadString(&temp, length)) return false;
+      output->WriteString(temp);
+      return true;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_START_GROUP: {
+      output->WriteVarint32(tag);
+      if (!input->IncrementRecursionDepth()) return false;
+      if (!SkipMessage(input, output)) return false;
+      input->DecrementRecursionDepth();
+      // Check that the ending tag matched the starting tag.
+      if (!input->LastTagWas(
+              WireFormatLite::MakeTag(WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag),
+                                      WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP: {
+      return false;
+    }
+    case WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_FIXED32: {
+      uint32 value;
+      if (!input->ReadLittleEndian32(&value)) return false;
+      output->WriteVarint32(tag);
+      output->WriteLittleEndian32(value);
+      return true;
+    }
+    default: {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool WireFormatLite::SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  while (true) {
+    uint32 tag = input->ReadTag();
+    if (tag == 0) {
+      // End of input.  This is a valid place to end, so return true.
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    WireFormatLite::WireType wire_type = WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag);
+
+    if (wire_type == WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+      // Must be the end of the message.
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!SkipField(input, tag)) return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool WireFormatLite::SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                 io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  while (true) {
+    uint32 tag = input->ReadTag();
+    if (tag == 0) {
+      // End of input.  This is a valid place to end, so return true.
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    WireFormatLite::WireType wire_type = WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag);
+
+    if (wire_type == WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+      output->WriteVarint32(tag);
+      // Must be the end of the message.
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!SkipField(input, tag, output)) return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool FieldSkipper::SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32 tag) {
+  return WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag);
+}
+
+bool FieldSkipper::SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  return WireFormatLite::SkipMessage(input);
+}
+
+void FieldSkipper::SkipUnknownEnum(int /* field_number */, int /* value */) {
+  // Nothing.
+}
+
+bool CodedOutputStreamFieldSkipper::SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                              uint32 tag) {
+  return WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag, unknown_fields_);
+}
+
+bool CodedOutputStreamFieldSkipper::SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+  return WireFormatLite::SkipMessage(input, unknown_fields_);
+}
+
+void CodedOutputStreamFieldSkipper::SkipUnknownEnum(int field_number,
+                                                    int value) {
+  unknown_fields_->WriteVarint32(field_number);
+  unknown_fields_->WriteVarint64(value);
+}
+
+bool WireFormatLite::ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, int field_number, bool (*is_valid)(int),
+    io::CodedOutputStream* unknown_fields_stream, RepeatedField<int>* values) {
+  uint32 length;
+  if (!input->ReadVarint32(&length)) return false;
+  io::CodedInputStream::Limit limit = input->PushLimit(length);
+  while (input->BytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+    int value;
+    if (!ReadPrimitive<int, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(input, &value)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (is_valid == NULL || is_valid(value)) {
+      values->Add(value);
+    } else {
+      uint32 tag = WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field_number,
+                                           WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      unknown_fields_stream->WriteVarint32(tag);
+      unknown_fields_stream->WriteVarint32(value);
+    }
+  }
+  input->PopLimit(limit);
+  return true;
+}
+
+#if !defined(PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+
+namespace {
+void EncodeFixedSizeValue(float v, uint8* dest) {
+  WireFormatLite::WriteFloatNoTagToArray(v, dest);
+}
+
+void EncodeFixedSizeValue(double v, uint8* dest) {
+  WireFormatLite::WriteDoubleNoTagToArray(v, dest);
+}
+
+void EncodeFixedSizeValue(uint32 v, uint8* dest) {
+  WireFormatLite::WriteFixed32NoTagToArray(v, dest);
+}
+
+void EncodeFixedSizeValue(uint64 v, uint8* dest) {
+  WireFormatLite::WriteFixed64NoTagToArray(v, dest);
+}
+
+void EncodeFixedSizeValue(int32 v, uint8* dest) {
+  WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed32NoTagToArray(v, dest);
+}
+
+void EncodeFixedSizeValue(int64 v, uint8* dest) {
+  WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed64NoTagToArray(v, dest);
+}
+
+void EncodeFixedSizeValue(bool v, uint8* dest) {
+  WireFormatLite::WriteBoolNoTagToArray(v, dest);
+}
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+#endif  // !defined(PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+
+template <typename CType>
+static void WriteArray(const CType* a, int n, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+#if defined(PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+  output->WriteRaw(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(a), n * sizeof(a[0]));
+#else
+  const int kAtATime = 128;
+  uint8 buf[sizeof(CType) * kAtATime];
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i += kAtATime) {
+    int to_do = std::min(kAtATime, n - i);
+    uint8* ptr = buf;
+    for (int j = 0; j < to_do; j++) {
+      EncodeFixedSizeValue(a[i + j], ptr);
+      ptr += sizeof(a[0]);
+    }
+    output->WriteRaw(buf, to_do * sizeof(a[0]));
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void WireFormatLite::WriteFloatArray(const float* a, int n,
+                                     io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteArray<float>(a, n, output);
+}
+
+void WireFormatLite::WriteDoubleArray(const double* a, int n,
+                                      io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteArray<double>(a, n, output);
+}
+
+void WireFormatLite::WriteFixed32Array(const uint32* a, int n,
+                                       io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteArray<uint32>(a, n, output);
+}
+
+void WireFormatLite::WriteFixed64Array(const uint64* a, int n,
+                                       io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteArray<uint64>(a, n, output);
+}
+
+void WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed32Array(const int32* a, int n,
+                                        io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteArray<int32>(a, n, output);
+}
+
+void WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed64Array(const int64* a, int n,
+                                        io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteArray<int64>(a, n, output);
+}
+
+void WireFormatLite::WriteBoolArray(const bool* a, int n,
+                                    io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteArray<bool>(a, n, output);
+}
+
+void WireFormatLite::WriteInt32(int field_number, int32 value,
+                                io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, output);
+  WriteInt32NoTag(value, output);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteInt64(int field_number, int64 value,
+                                io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, output);
+  WriteInt64NoTag(value, output);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32(int field_number, uint32 value,
+                                 io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, output);
+  WriteUInt32NoTag(value, output);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64(int field_number, uint64 value,
+                                 io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, output);
+  WriteUInt64NoTag(value, output);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteSInt32(int field_number, int32 value,
+                                 io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, output);
+  WriteSInt32NoTag(value, output);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteSInt64(int field_number, int64 value,
+                                 io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, output);
+  WriteSInt64NoTag(value, output);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteFixed32(int field_number, uint32 value,
+                                  io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_FIXED32, output);
+  WriteFixed32NoTag(value, output);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteFixed64(int field_number, uint64 value,
+                                  io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_FIXED64, output);
+  WriteFixed64NoTag(value, output);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed32(int field_number, int32 value,
+                                   io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_FIXED32, output);
+  WriteSFixed32NoTag(value, output);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed64(int field_number, int64 value,
+                                   io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_FIXED64, output);
+  WriteSFixed64NoTag(value, output);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteFloat(int field_number, float value,
+                                io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_FIXED32, output);
+  WriteFloatNoTag(value, output);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteDouble(int field_number, double value,
+                                 io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_FIXED64, output);
+  WriteDoubleNoTag(value, output);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteBool(int field_number, bool value,
+                               io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, output);
+  WriteBoolNoTag(value, output);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteEnum(int field_number, int value,
+                               io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, output);
+  WriteEnumNoTag(value, output);
+}
+
+void WireFormatLite::WriteString(int field_number, const std::string& value,
+                                 io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  // String is for UTF-8 text only
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, output);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(value.size(), kint32max);
+  output->WriteVarint32(value.size());
+  output->WriteString(value);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(int field_number,
+                                             const std::string& value,
+                                             io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  // String is for UTF-8 text only
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, output);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(value.size(), kint32max);
+  output->WriteVarint32(value.size());
+  output->WriteRawMaybeAliased(value.data(), value.size());
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteBytes(int field_number, const std::string& value,
+                                io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, output);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(value.size(), kint32max);
+  output->WriteVarint32(value.size());
+  output->WriteString(value);
+}
+void WireFormatLite::WriteBytesMaybeAliased(int field_number,
+                                            const std::string& value,
+                                            io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, output);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(value.size(), kint32max);
+  output->WriteVarint32(value.size());
+  output->WriteRawMaybeAliased(value.data(), value.size());
+}
+
+
+void WireFormatLite::WriteGroup(int field_number, const MessageLite& value,
+                                io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP, output);
+  value.SerializeWithCachedSizes(output);
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP, output);
+}
+
+void WireFormatLite::WriteMessage(int field_number, const MessageLite& value,
+                                  io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, output);
+  const int size = value.GetCachedSize();
+  output->WriteVarint32(size);
+  value.SerializeWithCachedSizes(output);
+}
+
+void WireFormatLite::WriteSubMessageMaybeToArray(
+    int size, const MessageLite& value, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->SetCur(value._InternalSerialize(output->Cur(), output->EpsCopy()));
+}
+
+void WireFormatLite::WriteGroupMaybeToArray(int field_number,
+                                            const MessageLite& value,
+                                            io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP, output);
+  const int size = value.GetCachedSize();
+  WriteSubMessageMaybeToArray(size, value, output);
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP, output);
+}
+
+void WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(int field_number,
+                                              const MessageLite& value,
+                                              io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, output);
+  const int size = value.GetCachedSize();
+  output->WriteVarint32(size);
+  WriteSubMessageMaybeToArray(size, value, output);
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static bool ReadBytesToString(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, std::string* value);
+inline static bool ReadBytesToString(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                     std::string* value) {
+  uint32 length;
+  return input->ReadVarint32(&length) && input->ReadString(value, length);
+}
+
+bool WireFormatLite::ReadBytes(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                               std::string* value) {
+  return ReadBytesToString(input, value);
+}
+
+bool WireFormatLite::ReadBytes(io::CodedInputStream* input, std::string** p) {
+  if (*p == &GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
+    *p = new std::string();
+  }
+  return ReadBytesToString(input, *p);
+}
+
+void PrintUTF8ErrorLog(const char* field_name, const char* operation_str,
+                       bool emit_stacktrace) {
+  std::string stacktrace;
+  std::string quoted_field_name = "";
+  if (field_name != nullptr) {
+    quoted_field_name = StringPrintf(" '%s'", field_name);
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "String field" << quoted_field_name << " contains invalid "
+             << "UTF-8 data when " << operation_str << " a protocol "
+             << "buffer. Use the 'bytes' type if you intend to send raw "
+             << "bytes. " << stacktrace;
+}
+
+bool WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(const char* data, int size, Operation op,
+                                      const char* field_name) {
+  if (!IsStructurallyValidUTF8(data, size)) {
+    const char* operation_str = NULL;
+    switch (op) {
+      case PARSE:
+        operation_str = "parsing";
+        break;
+      case SERIALIZE:
+        operation_str = "serializing";
+        break;
+        // no default case: have the compiler warn if a case is not covered.
+    }
+    PrintUTF8ErrorLog(field_name, operation_str, false);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// this code is deliberately written such that clang makes it into really
+// efficient SSE code.
+template <bool ZigZag, bool SignExtended, typename T>
+static size_t VarintSize(const T* data, const int n) {
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+  static_assert(sizeof(T) == 4, "This routine only works for 32 bit integers");
+  // is_unsigned<T> => !ZigZag
+  static_assert(
+      (std::is_unsigned<T>::value ^ ZigZag) || std::is_signed<T>::value,
+      "Cannot ZigZag encode unsigned types");
+  // is_unsigned<T> => !SignExtended
+  static_assert(
+      (std::is_unsigned<T>::value ^ SignExtended) || std::is_signed<T>::value,
+      "Cannot SignExtended unsigned types");
+  static_assert(!(SignExtended && ZigZag),
+                "Cannot SignExtended and ZigZag on the same type");
+#endif
+  uint32 sum = n;
+  uint32 msb_sum = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    uint32 x = data[i];
+    if (ZigZag) {
+      x = WireFormatLite::ZigZagEncode32(x);
+    } else if (SignExtended) {
+      msb_sum += x >> 31;
+    }
+    // clang is so smart that it produces optimal SSE sequence unrolling
+    // the loop 8 ints at a time. With a sequence of 4
+    // cmpres = cmpgt x, sizeclass  ( -1 or 0)
+    // sum = sum - cmpres
+    if (x > 0x7F) sum++;
+    if (x > 0x3FFF) sum++;
+    if (x > 0x1FFFFF) sum++;
+    if (x > 0xFFFFFFF) sum++;
+  }
+  if (SignExtended) sum += msb_sum * 5;
+  return sum;
+}
+
+template <bool ZigZag, typename T>
+static size_t VarintSize64(const T* data, const int n) {
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+  static_assert(sizeof(T) == 8, "This routine only works for 64 bit integers");
+  // is_unsigned<T> => !ZigZag
+  static_assert(!ZigZag || !std::is_unsigned<T>::value,
+                "Cannot ZigZag encode unsigned types");
+#endif
+  uint64 sum = n;
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    uint64 x = data[i];
+    if (ZigZag) {
+      x = WireFormatLite::ZigZagEncode64(x);
+    }
+    // First step is a binary search, we can't branch in sse so we use the
+    // result of the compare to adjust sum and appropriately. This code is
+    // written to make clang recognize the vectorization.
+    uint64 tmp = x >= (static_cast<uint64>(1) << 35) ? -1 : 0;
+    sum += 5 & tmp;
+    x >>= 35 & tmp;
+    if (x > 0x7F) sum++;
+    if (x > 0x3FFF) sum++;
+    if (x > 0x1FFFFF) sum++;
+    if (x > 0xFFFFFFF) sum++;
+  }
+  return sum;
+}
+
+// GCC does not recognize the vectorization opportunity
+// and other platforms are untested, in those cases using the optimized
+// varint size routine for each element is faster.
+// Hence we enable it only for clang
+#if defined(__SSE__) && defined(__clang__)
+size_t WireFormatLite::Int32Size(const RepeatedField<int32>& value) {
+  return VarintSize<false, true>(value.data(), value.size());
+}
+
+size_t WireFormatLite::UInt32Size(const RepeatedField<uint32>& value) {
+  return VarintSize<false, false>(value.data(), value.size());
+}
+
+size_t WireFormatLite::SInt32Size(const RepeatedField<int32>& value) {
+  return VarintSize<true, false>(value.data(), value.size());
+}
+
+size_t WireFormatLite::EnumSize(const RepeatedField<int>& value) {
+  // On ILP64, sizeof(int) == 8, which would require a different template.
+  return VarintSize<false, true>(value.data(), value.size());
+}
+
+#else  // !(defined(__SSE4_1__) && defined(__clang__))
+
+size_t WireFormatLite::Int32Size(const RepeatedField<int32>& value) {
+  size_t out = 0;
+  const int n = value.size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    out += Int32Size(value.Get(i));
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+size_t WireFormatLite::UInt32Size(const RepeatedField<uint32>& value) {
+  size_t out = 0;
+  const int n = value.size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    out += UInt32Size(value.Get(i));
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+size_t WireFormatLite::SInt32Size(const RepeatedField<int32>& value) {
+  size_t out = 0;
+  const int n = value.size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    out += SInt32Size(value.Get(i));
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+size_t WireFormatLite::EnumSize(const RepeatedField<int>& value) {
+  size_t out = 0;
+  const int n = value.size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    out += EnumSize(value.Get(i));
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+// Micro benchmarks show that the SSE improved loop only starts beating
+// the normal loop on Haswell platforms and then only for >32 ints. We
+// disable this for now. Some specialized users might find it worthwhile to
+// enable this.
+#define USE_SSE_FOR_64_BIT_INTEGER_ARRAYS 0
+#if USE_SSE_FOR_64_BIT_INTEGER_ARRAYS
+size_t WireFormatLite::Int64Size(const RepeatedField<int64>& value) {
+  return VarintSize64<false>(value.data(), value.size());
+}
+
+size_t WireFormatLite::UInt64Size(const RepeatedField<uint64>& value) {
+  return VarintSize64<false>(value.data(), value.size());
+}
+
+size_t WireFormatLite::SInt64Size(const RepeatedField<int64>& value) {
+  return VarintSize64<true>(value.data(), value.size());
+}
+
+#else
+
+size_t WireFormatLite::Int64Size(const RepeatedField<int64>& value) {
+  size_t out = 0;
+  const int n = value.size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    out += Int64Size(value.Get(i));
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+size_t WireFormatLite::UInt64Size(const RepeatedField<uint64>& value) {
+  size_t out = 0;
+  const int n = value.size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    out += UInt64Size(value.Get(i));
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+size_t WireFormatLite::SInt64Size(const RepeatedField<int64>& value) {
+  size_t out = 0;
+  const int n = value.size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    out += SInt64Size(value.Get(i));
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..449517a5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1885 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//         atenasio@google.com (Chris Atenasio) (ZigZag transform)
+//         wink@google.com (Wink Saville) (refactored from wire_format.h)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This header is logically internal, but is made public because it is used
+// from protocol-compiler-generated code, which may reside in other components.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_LITE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+
+// Do UTF-8 validation on string type in Debug build only
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+#endif
+
+// Avoid conflict with iOS where <ConditionalMacros.h> #defines TYPE_BOOL.
+//
+// If some one needs the macro TYPE_BOOL in a file that includes this header,
+// it's possible to bring it back using push/pop_macro as follows.
+//
+// #pragma push_macro("TYPE_BOOL")
+// #include this header and/or all headers that need the macro to be undefined.
+// #pragma pop_macro("TYPE_BOOL")
+#undef TYPE_BOOL
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+// This class is for internal use by the protocol buffer library and by
+// protocol-complier-generated message classes.  It must not be called
+// directly by clients.
+//
+// This class contains helpers for implementing the binary protocol buffer
+// wire format without the need for reflection. Use WireFormat when using
+// reflection.
+//
+// This class is really a namespace that contains only static methods.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormatLite {
+ public:
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Helper constants and functions related to the format.  These are
+  // mostly meant for internal and generated code to use.
+
+  // The wire format is composed of a sequence of tag/value pairs, each
+  // of which contains the value of one field (or one element of a repeated
+  // field).  Each tag is encoded as a varint.  The lower bits of the tag
+  // identify its wire type, which specifies the format of the data to follow.
+  // The rest of the bits contain the field number.  Each type of field (as
+  // declared by FieldDescriptor::Type, in descriptor.h) maps to one of
+  // these wire types.  Immediately following each tag is the field's value,
+  // encoded in the format specified by the wire type.  Because the tag
+  // identifies the encoding of this data, it is possible to skip
+  // unrecognized fields for forwards compatibility.
+
+  enum WireType {
+    WIRETYPE_VARINT = 0,
+    WIRETYPE_FIXED64 = 1,
+    WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED = 2,
+    WIRETYPE_START_GROUP = 3,
+    WIRETYPE_END_GROUP = 4,
+    WIRETYPE_FIXED32 = 5,
+  };
+
+  // Lite alternative to FieldDescriptor::Type.  Must be kept in sync.
+  enum FieldType {
+    TYPE_DOUBLE = 1,
+    TYPE_FLOAT = 2,
+    TYPE_INT64 = 3,
+    TYPE_UINT64 = 4,
+    TYPE_INT32 = 5,
+    TYPE_FIXED64 = 6,
+    TYPE_FIXED32 = 7,
+    TYPE_BOOL = 8,
+    TYPE_STRING = 9,
+    TYPE_GROUP = 10,
+    TYPE_MESSAGE = 11,
+    TYPE_BYTES = 12,
+    TYPE_UINT32 = 13,
+    TYPE_ENUM = 14,
+    TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15,
+    TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16,
+    TYPE_SINT32 = 17,
+    TYPE_SINT64 = 18,
+    MAX_FIELD_TYPE = 18,
+  };
+
+  // Lite alternative to FieldDescriptor::CppType.  Must be kept in sync.
+  enum CppType {
+    CPPTYPE_INT32 = 1,
+    CPPTYPE_INT64 = 2,
+    CPPTYPE_UINT32 = 3,
+    CPPTYPE_UINT64 = 4,
+    CPPTYPE_DOUBLE = 5,
+    CPPTYPE_FLOAT = 6,
+    CPPTYPE_BOOL = 7,
+    CPPTYPE_ENUM = 8,
+    CPPTYPE_STRING = 9,
+    CPPTYPE_MESSAGE = 10,
+    MAX_CPPTYPE = 10,
+  };
+
+  // Helper method to get the CppType for a particular Type.
+  static CppType FieldTypeToCppType(FieldType type);
+
+  // Given a FieldDescriptor::Type return its WireType
+  static inline WireFormatLite::WireType WireTypeForFieldType(
+      WireFormatLite::FieldType type) {
+    return kWireTypeForFieldType[type];
+  }
+
+  // Number of bits in a tag which identify the wire type.
+  static const int kTagTypeBits = 3;
+  // Mask for those bits.
+  static const uint32 kTagTypeMask = (1 << kTagTypeBits) - 1;
+
+  // Helper functions for encoding and decoding tags.  (Inlined below and in
+  // _inl.h)
+  //
+  // This is different from MakeTag(field->number(), field->type()) in the
+  // case of packed repeated fields.
+  constexpr static uint32 MakeTag(int field_number, WireType type);
+  static WireType GetTagWireType(uint32 tag);
+  static int GetTagFieldNumber(uint32 tag);
+
+  // Compute the byte size of a tag.  For groups, this includes both the start
+  // and end tags.
+  static inline size_t TagSize(int field_number,
+                               WireFormatLite::FieldType type);
+
+  // Skips a field value with the given tag.  The input should start
+  // positioned immediately after the tag.  Skipped values are simply
+  // discarded, not recorded anywhere.  See WireFormat::SkipField() for a
+  // version that records to an UnknownFieldSet.
+  static bool SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32 tag);
+
+  // Skips a field value with the given tag.  The input should start
+  // positioned immediately after the tag. Skipped values are recorded to a
+  // CodedOutputStream.
+  static bool SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32 tag,
+                        io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+  // Reads and ignores a message from the input.  Skipped values are simply
+  // discarded, not recorded anywhere.  See WireFormat::SkipMessage() for a
+  // version that records to an UnknownFieldSet.
+  static bool SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input);
+
+  // Reads and ignores a message from the input.  Skipped values are recorded
+  // to a CodedOutputStream.
+  static bool SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                          io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+  // This macro does the same thing as WireFormatLite::MakeTag(), but the
+  // result is usable as a compile-time constant, which makes it usable
+  // as a switch case or a template input.  WireFormatLite::MakeTag() is more
+  // type-safe, though, so prefer it if possible.
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_MAKE_TAG(FIELD_NUMBER, TYPE) \
+  static_cast<uint32>((static_cast<uint32>(FIELD_NUMBER) << 3) | (TYPE))
+
+  // These are the tags for the old MessageSet format, which was defined as:
+  //   message MessageSet {
+  //     repeated group Item = 1 {
+  //       required int32 type_id = 2;
+  //       required string message = 3;
+  //     }
+  //   }
+  static const int kMessageSetItemNumber = 1;
+  static const int kMessageSetTypeIdNumber = 2;
+  static const int kMessageSetMessageNumber = 3;
+  static const int kMessageSetItemStartTag = GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_MAKE_TAG(
+      kMessageSetItemNumber, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+  static const int kMessageSetItemEndTag = GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_MAKE_TAG(
+      kMessageSetItemNumber, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+  static const int kMessageSetTypeIdTag = GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_MAKE_TAG(
+      kMessageSetTypeIdNumber, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+  static const int kMessageSetMessageTag = GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_MAKE_TAG(
+      kMessageSetMessageNumber, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+
+  // Byte size of all tags of a MessageSet::Item combined.
+  static const size_t kMessageSetItemTagsSize;
+
+  // Helper functions for converting between floats/doubles and IEEE-754
+  // uint32s/uint64s so that they can be written.  (Assumes your platform
+  // uses IEEE-754 floats.)
+  static uint32 EncodeFloat(float value);
+  static float DecodeFloat(uint32 value);
+  static uint64 EncodeDouble(double value);
+  static double DecodeDouble(uint64 value);
+
+  // Helper functions for mapping signed integers to unsigned integers in
+  // such a way that numbers with small magnitudes will encode to smaller
+  // varints.  If you simply static_cast a negative number to an unsigned
+  // number and varint-encode it, it will always take 10 bytes, defeating
+  // the purpose of varint.  So, for the "sint32" and "sint64" field types,
+  // we ZigZag-encode the values.
+  static uint32 ZigZagEncode32(int32 n);
+  static int32 ZigZagDecode32(uint32 n);
+  static uint64 ZigZagEncode64(int64 n);
+  static int64 ZigZagDecode64(uint64 n);
+
+  // =================================================================
+  // Methods for reading/writing individual field.
+
+  // Read fields, not including tags.  The assumption is that you already
+  // read the tag to determine what field to read.
+
+  // For primitive fields, we just use a templatized routine parameterized by
+  // the represented type and the FieldType. These are specialized with the
+  // appropriate definition for each declared type.
+  template <typename CType, enum FieldType DeclaredType>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static bool ReadPrimitive(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                                   CType* value);
+
+  // Reads repeated primitive values, with optimizations for repeats.
+  // tag_size and tag should both be compile-time constants provided by the
+  // protocol compiler.
+  template <typename CType, enum FieldType DeclaredType>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static bool ReadRepeatedPrimitive(
+      int tag_size, uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+      RepeatedField<CType>* value);
+
+  // Identical to ReadRepeatedPrimitive, except will not inline the
+  // implementation.
+  template <typename CType, enum FieldType DeclaredType>
+  static bool ReadRepeatedPrimitiveNoInline(int tag_size, uint32 tag,
+                                            io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                            RepeatedField<CType>* value);
+
+  // Reads a primitive value directly from the provided buffer. It returns a
+  // pointer past the segment of data that was read.
+  //
+  // This is only implemented for the types with fixed wire size, e.g.
+  // float, double, and the (s)fixed* types.
+  template <typename CType, enum FieldType DeclaredType>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static const uint8* ReadPrimitiveFromArray(
+      const uint8* buffer, CType* value);
+
+  // Reads a primitive packed field.
+  //
+  // This is only implemented for packable types.
+  template <typename CType, enum FieldType DeclaredType>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static bool ReadPackedPrimitive(
+      io::CodedInputStream* input, RepeatedField<CType>* value);
+
+  // Identical to ReadPackedPrimitive, except will not inline the
+  // implementation.
+  template <typename CType, enum FieldType DeclaredType>
+  static bool ReadPackedPrimitiveNoInline(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                          RepeatedField<CType>* value);
+
+  // Read a packed enum field. If the is_valid function is not NULL, values for
+  // which is_valid(value) returns false are silently dropped.
+  static bool ReadPackedEnumNoInline(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                     bool (*is_valid)(int),
+                                     RepeatedField<int>* values);
+
+  // Read a packed enum field. If the is_valid function is not NULL, values for
+  // which is_valid(value) returns false are appended to unknown_fields_stream.
+  static bool ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(
+      io::CodedInputStream* input, int field_number, bool (*is_valid)(int),
+      io::CodedOutputStream* unknown_fields_stream, RepeatedField<int>* values);
+
+  // Read a string.  ReadString(..., std::string* value) requires an
+  // existing std::string.
+  static inline bool ReadString(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                std::string* value);
+  // ReadString(..., std::string** p) is internal-only, and should only be
+  // called from generated code. It starts by setting *p to "new std::string" if
+  // *p == &GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited().  It then invokes
+  // ReadString(io::CodedInputStream* input, *p).  This is useful for reducing
+  // code size.
+  static inline bool ReadString(io::CodedInputStream* input, std::string** p);
+  // Analogous to ReadString().
+  static bool ReadBytes(io::CodedInputStream* input, std::string* value);
+  static bool ReadBytes(io::CodedInputStream* input, std::string** p);
+
+  enum Operation {
+    PARSE = 0,
+    SERIALIZE = 1,
+  };
+
+  // Returns true if the data is valid UTF-8.
+  static bool VerifyUtf8String(const char* data, int size, Operation op,
+                               const char* field_name);
+
+  template <typename MessageType>
+  static inline bool ReadGroup(int field_number, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                               MessageType* value);
+
+  template <typename MessageType>
+  static inline bool ReadMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                 MessageType* value);
+
+  template <typename MessageType>
+  static inline bool ReadMessageNoVirtual(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                          MessageType* value) {
+    return ReadMessage(input, value);
+  }
+
+  // Write a tag.  The Write*() functions typically include the tag, so
+  // normally there's no need to call this unless using the Write*NoTag()
+  // variants.
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteTag(int field_number, WireType type,
+                                              io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+  // Write fields, without tags.
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteInt32NoTag(
+      int32 value, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteInt64NoTag(
+      int64 value, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteUInt32NoTag(
+      uint32 value, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteUInt64NoTag(
+      uint64 value, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteSInt32NoTag(
+      int32 value, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteSInt64NoTag(
+      int64 value, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteFixed32NoTag(
+      uint32 value, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteFixed64NoTag(
+      uint64 value, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteSFixed32NoTag(
+      int32 value, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteSFixed64NoTag(
+      int64 value, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteFloatNoTag(
+      float value, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteDoubleNoTag(
+      double value, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteBoolNoTag(
+      bool value, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static void WriteEnumNoTag(
+      int value, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+  // Write array of primitive fields, without tags
+  static void WriteFloatArray(const float* a, int n,
+                              io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteDoubleArray(const double* a, int n,
+                               io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteFixed32Array(const uint32* a, int n,
+                                io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteFixed64Array(const uint64* a, int n,
+                                io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteSFixed32Array(const int32* a, int n,
+                                 io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteSFixed64Array(const int64* a, int n,
+                                 io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteBoolArray(const bool* a, int n,
+                             io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+  // Write fields, including tags.
+  static void WriteInt32(int field_number, int32 value,
+                         io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteInt64(int field_number, int64 value,
+                         io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteUInt32(int field_number, uint32 value,
+                          io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteUInt64(int field_number, uint64 value,
+                          io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteSInt32(int field_number, int32 value,
+                          io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteSInt64(int field_number, int64 value,
+                          io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteFixed32(int field_number, uint32 value,
+                           io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteFixed64(int field_number, uint64 value,
+                           io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteSFixed32(int field_number, int32 value,
+                            io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteSFixed64(int field_number, int64 value,
+                            io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteFloat(int field_number, float value,
+                         io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteDouble(int field_number, double value,
+                          io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteBool(int field_number, bool value,
+                        io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteEnum(int field_number, int value,
+                        io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+  static void WriteString(int field_number, const std::string& value,
+                          io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteBytes(int field_number, const std::string& value,
+                         io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteStringMaybeAliased(int field_number,
+                                      const std::string& value,
+                                      io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteBytesMaybeAliased(int field_number, const std::string& value,
+                                     io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+  static void WriteGroup(int field_number, const MessageLite& value,
+                         io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteMessage(int field_number, const MessageLite& value,
+                           io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  // Like above, but these will check if the output stream has enough
+  // space to write directly to a flat array.
+  static void WriteGroupMaybeToArray(int field_number, const MessageLite& value,
+                                     io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  static void WriteMessageMaybeToArray(int field_number,
+                                       const MessageLite& value,
+                                       io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+  // Like above, but de-virtualize the call to SerializeWithCachedSizes().  The
+  // pointer must point at an instance of MessageType, *not* a subclass (or
+  // the subclass must not override SerializeWithCachedSizes()).
+  template <typename MessageType>
+  static inline void WriteGroupNoVirtual(int field_number,
+                                         const MessageType& value,
+                                         io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+  template <typename MessageType>
+  static inline void WriteMessageNoVirtual(int field_number,
+                                           const MessageType& value,
+                                           io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+  // Like above, but use only *ToArray methods of CodedOutputStream.
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteTagToArray(int field_number,
+                                                       WireType type,
+                                                       uint8* target);
+
+  // Write fields, without tags.
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteInt32NoTagToArray(int32 value,
+                                                              uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteInt64NoTagToArray(int64 value,
+                                                              uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteUInt32NoTagToArray(uint32 value,
+                                                               uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteUInt64NoTagToArray(uint64 value,
+                                                               uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSInt32NoTagToArray(int32 value,
+                                                               uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSInt64NoTagToArray(int64 value,
+                                                               uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteFixed32NoTagToArray(uint32 value,
+                                                                uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteFixed64NoTagToArray(uint64 value,
+                                                                uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSFixed32NoTagToArray(int32 value,
+                                                                 uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSFixed64NoTagToArray(int64 value,
+                                                                 uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteFloatNoTagToArray(float value,
+                                                              uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteDoubleNoTagToArray(double value,
+                                                               uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteBoolNoTagToArray(bool value,
+                                                             uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteEnumNoTagToArray(int value,
+                                                             uint8* target);
+
+  // Write fields, without tags.  These require that value.size() > 0.
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WritePrimitiveNoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<T>& value, uint8* (*Writer)(T, uint8*),
+      uint8* target);
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteFixedNoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<T>& value, uint8* (*Writer)(T, uint8*),
+      uint8* target);
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteInt32NoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<int32>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteInt64NoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<int64>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteUInt32NoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<uint32>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteUInt64NoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<uint64>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSInt32NoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<int32>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSInt64NoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<int64>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteFixed32NoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<uint32>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteFixed64NoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<uint64>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSFixed32NoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<int32>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSFixed64NoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<int64>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteFloatNoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<float>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteDoubleNoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<double>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteBoolNoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<bool>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteEnumNoTagToArray(
+      const RepeatedField<int>& value, uint8* output);
+
+  // Write fields, including tags.
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteInt32ToArray(int field_number,
+                                                         int32 value,
+                                                         uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteInt64ToArray(int field_number,
+                                                         int64 value,
+                                                         uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteUInt32ToArray(int field_number,
+                                                          uint32 value,
+                                                          uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteUInt64ToArray(int field_number,
+                                                          uint64 value,
+                                                          uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSInt32ToArray(int field_number,
+                                                          int32 value,
+                                                          uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSInt64ToArray(int field_number,
+                                                          int64 value,
+                                                          uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteFixed32ToArray(int field_number,
+                                                           uint32 value,
+                                                           uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteFixed64ToArray(int field_number,
+                                                           uint64 value,
+                                                           uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSFixed32ToArray(int field_number,
+                                                            int32 value,
+                                                            uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSFixed64ToArray(int field_number,
+                                                            int64 value,
+                                                            uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteFloatToArray(int field_number,
+                                                         float value,
+                                                         uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteDoubleToArray(int field_number,
+                                                          double value,
+                                                          uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteBoolToArray(int field_number,
+                                                        bool value,
+                                                        uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteEnumToArray(int field_number,
+                                                        int value,
+                                                        uint8* target);
+
+  template <typename T>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WritePrimitiveToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<T>& value,
+      uint8* (*Writer)(int, T, uint8*), uint8* target);
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteInt32ToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<int32>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteInt64ToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<int64>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteUInt32ToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<uint32>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteUInt64ToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<uint64>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSInt32ToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<int32>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSInt64ToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<int64>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteFixed32ToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<uint32>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteFixed64ToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<uint64>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSFixed32ToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<int32>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteSFixed64ToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<int64>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteFloatToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<float>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteDoubleToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<double>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteBoolToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<bool>& value, uint8* output);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteEnumToArray(
+      int field_number, const RepeatedField<int>& value, uint8* output);
+
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteStringToArray(
+      int field_number, const std::string& value, uint8* target);
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteBytesToArray(
+      int field_number, const std::string& value, uint8* target);
+
+  // Whether to serialize deterministically (e.g., map keys are
+  // sorted) is a property of a CodedOutputStream, and in the process
+  // of serialization, the "ToArray" variants may be invoked.  But they don't
+  // have a CodedOutputStream available, so they get an additional parameter
+  // telling them whether to serialize deterministically.
+  template <typename MessageType>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* InternalWriteGroup(
+      int field_number, const MessageType& value, uint8* target,
+      io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream);
+  template <typename MessageType>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* InternalWriteMessage(
+      int field_number, const MessageType& value, uint8* target,
+      io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream);
+
+  // Like above, but de-virtualize the call to SerializeWithCachedSizes().  The
+  // pointer must point at an instance of MessageType, *not* a subclass (or
+  // the subclass must not override SerializeWithCachedSizes()).
+  template <typename MessageType>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* InternalWriteGroupNoVirtualToArray(
+      int field_number, const MessageType& value, uint8* target);
+  template <typename MessageType>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* InternalWriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+      int field_number, const MessageType& value, uint8* target);
+
+  // For backward-compatibility, the last four methods also have versions
+  // that are non-deterministic always.
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteGroupToArray(
+      int field_number, const MessageLite& value, uint8* target) {
+    io::EpsCopyOutputStream stream(
+        target,
+        value.GetCachedSize() +
+            static_cast<int>(2 * io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(
+                                     static_cast<uint32>(field_number) << 3)),
+        io::CodedOutputStream::IsDefaultSerializationDeterministic());
+    return InternalWriteGroup(field_number, value, target, &stream);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteMessageToArray(
+      int field_number, const MessageLite& value, uint8* target) {
+    int size = value.GetCachedSize();
+    io::EpsCopyOutputStream stream(
+        target,
+        size + static_cast<int>(io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(
+                                    static_cast<uint32>(field_number) << 3) +
+                                io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(size)),
+        io::CodedOutputStream::IsDefaultSerializationDeterministic());
+    return InternalWriteMessage(field_number, value, target, &stream);
+  }
+
+  // Compute the byte size of a field.  The XxSize() functions do NOT include
+  // the tag, so you must also call TagSize().  (This is because, for repeated
+  // fields, you should only call TagSize() once and multiply it by the element
+  // count, but you may have to call XxSize() for each individual element.)
+  static inline size_t Int32Size(int32 value);
+  static inline size_t Int64Size(int64 value);
+  static inline size_t UInt32Size(uint32 value);
+  static inline size_t UInt64Size(uint64 value);
+  static inline size_t SInt32Size(int32 value);
+  static inline size_t SInt64Size(int64 value);
+  static inline size_t EnumSize(int value);
+
+  static size_t Int32Size(const RepeatedField<int32>& value);
+  static size_t Int64Size(const RepeatedField<int64>& value);
+  static size_t UInt32Size(const RepeatedField<uint32>& value);
+  static size_t UInt64Size(const RepeatedField<uint64>& value);
+  static size_t SInt32Size(const RepeatedField<int32>& value);
+  static size_t SInt64Size(const RepeatedField<int64>& value);
+  static size_t EnumSize(const RepeatedField<int>& value);
+
+  // These types always have the same size.
+  static const size_t kFixed32Size = 4;
+  static const size_t kFixed64Size = 8;
+  static const size_t kSFixed32Size = 4;
+  static const size_t kSFixed64Size = 8;
+  static const size_t kFloatSize = 4;
+  static const size_t kDoubleSize = 8;
+  static const size_t kBoolSize = 1;
+
+  static inline size_t StringSize(const std::string& value);
+  static inline size_t BytesSize(const std::string& value);
+
+  template <typename MessageType>
+  static inline size_t GroupSize(const MessageType& value);
+  template <typename MessageType>
+  static inline size_t MessageSize(const MessageType& value);
+
+  // Like above, but de-virtualize the call to ByteSize().  The
+  // pointer must point at an instance of MessageType, *not* a subclass (or
+  // the subclass must not override ByteSize()).
+  template <typename MessageType>
+  static inline size_t GroupSizeNoVirtual(const MessageType& value);
+  template <typename MessageType>
+  static inline size_t MessageSizeNoVirtual(const MessageType& value);
+
+  // Given the length of data, calculate the byte size of the data on the
+  // wire if we encode the data as a length delimited field.
+  static inline size_t LengthDelimitedSize(size_t length);
+
+ private:
+  // A helper method for the repeated primitive reader. This method has
+  // optimizations for primitive types that have fixed size on the wire, and
+  // can be read using potentially faster paths.
+  template <typename CType, enum FieldType DeclaredType>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static bool ReadRepeatedFixedSizePrimitive(
+      int tag_size, uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+      RepeatedField<CType>* value);
+
+  // Like ReadRepeatedFixedSizePrimitive but for packed primitive fields.
+  template <typename CType, enum FieldType DeclaredType>
+  PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE static bool ReadPackedFixedSizePrimitive(
+      io::CodedInputStream* input, RepeatedField<CType>* value);
+
+  static const CppType kFieldTypeToCppTypeMap[];
+  static const WireFormatLite::WireType kWireTypeForFieldType[];
+  static void WriteSubMessageMaybeToArray(int size, const MessageLite& value,
+                                          io::CodedOutputStream* output);
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(WireFormatLite);
+};
+
+// A class which deals with unknown values.  The default implementation just
+// discards them.  WireFormat defines a subclass which writes to an
+// UnknownFieldSet.  This class is used by ExtensionSet::ParseField(), since
+// ExtensionSet is part of the lite library but UnknownFieldSet is not.
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldSkipper {
+ public:
+  FieldSkipper() {}
+  virtual ~FieldSkipper() {}
+
+  // Skip a field whose tag has already been consumed.
+  virtual bool SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32 tag);
+
+  // Skip an entire message or group, up to an end-group tag (which is consumed)
+  // or end-of-stream.
+  virtual bool SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input);
+
+  // Deal with an already-parsed unrecognized enum value.  The default
+  // implementation does nothing, but the UnknownFieldSet-based implementation
+  // saves it as an unknown varint.
+  virtual void SkipUnknownEnum(int field_number, int value);
+};
+
+// Subclass of FieldSkipper which saves skipped fields to a CodedOutputStream.
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT CodedOutputStreamFieldSkipper : public FieldSkipper {
+ public:
+  explicit CodedOutputStreamFieldSkipper(io::CodedOutputStream* unknown_fields)
+      : unknown_fields_(unknown_fields) {}
+  ~CodedOutputStreamFieldSkipper() override {}
+
+  // implements FieldSkipper -----------------------------------------
+  bool SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32 tag) override;
+  bool SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input) override;
+  void SkipUnknownEnum(int field_number, int value) override;
+
+ protected:
+  io::CodedOutputStream* unknown_fields_;
+};
+
+// inline methods ====================================================
+
+inline WireFormatLite::CppType WireFormatLite::FieldTypeToCppType(
+    FieldType type) {
+  return kFieldTypeToCppTypeMap[type];
+}
+
+constexpr inline uint32 WireFormatLite::MakeTag(int field_number,
+                                                WireType type) {
+  return GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_MAKE_TAG(field_number, type);
+}
+
+inline WireFormatLite::WireType WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(uint32 tag) {
+  return static_cast<WireType>(tag & kTagTypeMask);
+}
+
+inline int WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(uint32 tag) {
+  return static_cast<int>(tag >> kTagTypeBits);
+}
+
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::TagSize(int field_number,
+                                      WireFormatLite::FieldType type) {
+  size_t result = io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(
+      static_cast<uint32>(field_number << kTagTypeBits));
+  if (type == TYPE_GROUP) {
+    // Groups have both a start and an end tag.
+    return result * 2;
+  } else {
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+inline uint32 WireFormatLite::EncodeFloat(float value) {
+  union {
+    float f;
+    uint32 i;
+  };
+  f = value;
+  return i;
+}
+
+inline float WireFormatLite::DecodeFloat(uint32 value) {
+  union {
+    float f;
+    uint32 i;
+  };
+  i = value;
+  return f;
+}
+
+inline uint64 WireFormatLite::EncodeDouble(double value) {
+  union {
+    double f;
+    uint64 i;
+  };
+  f = value;
+  return i;
+}
+
+inline double WireFormatLite::DecodeDouble(uint64 value) {
+  union {
+    double f;
+    uint64 i;
+  };
+  i = value;
+  return f;
+}
+
+// ZigZag Transform:  Encodes signed integers so that they can be
+// effectively used with varint encoding.
+//
+// varint operates on unsigned integers, encoding smaller numbers into
+// fewer bytes.  If you try to use it on a signed integer, it will treat
+// this number as a very large unsigned integer, which means that even
+// small signed numbers like -1 will take the maximum number of bytes
+// (10) to encode.  ZigZagEncode() maps signed integers to unsigned
+// in such a way that those with a small absolute value will have smaller
+// encoded values, making them appropriate for encoding using varint.
+//
+//       int32 ->     uint32
+// -------------------------
+//           0 ->          0
+//          -1 ->          1
+//           1 ->          2
+//          -2 ->          3
+//         ... ->        ...
+//  2147483647 -> 4294967294
+// -2147483648 -> 4294967295
+//
+//        >> encode >>
+//        << decode <<
+
+inline uint32 WireFormatLite::ZigZagEncode32(int32 n) {
+  // Note:  the right-shift must be arithmetic
+  // Note:  left shift must be unsigned because of overflow
+  return (static_cast<uint32>(n) << 1) ^ static_cast<uint32>(n >> 31);
+}
+
+inline int32 WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode32(uint32 n) {
+  // Note:  Using unsigned types prevent undefined behavior
+  return static_cast<int32>((n >> 1) ^ (~(n & 1) + 1));
+}
+
+inline uint64 WireFormatLite::ZigZagEncode64(int64 n) {
+  // Note:  the right-shift must be arithmetic
+  // Note:  left shift must be unsigned because of overflow
+  return (static_cast<uint64>(n) << 1) ^ static_cast<uint64>(n >> 63);
+}
+
+inline int64 WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode64(uint64 n) {
+  // Note:  Using unsigned types prevent undefined behavior
+  return static_cast<int64>((n >> 1) ^ (~(n & 1) + 1));
+}
+
+// String is for UTF-8 text only, but, even so, ReadString() can simply
+// call ReadBytes().
+
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadString(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                       std::string* value) {
+  return ReadBytes(input, value);
+}
+
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadString(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                       std::string** p) {
+  return ReadBytes(input, p);
+}
+
+inline uint8* InternalSerializeUnknownMessageSetItemsToArray(
+    const std::string& unknown_fields, uint8* target,
+    io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {
+  return stream->WriteRaw(unknown_fields.data(),
+                          static_cast<int>(unknown_fields.size()), target);
+}
+
+inline size_t ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize(
+    const std::string& unknown_fields) {
+  return unknown_fields.size();
+}
+
+// Implementation details of ReadPrimitive.
+
+template <>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<int32, WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, int32* value) {
+  uint32 temp;
+  if (!input->ReadVarint32(&temp)) return false;
+  *value = static_cast<int32>(temp);
+  return true;
+}
+template <>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<int64, WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT64>(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, int64* value) {
+  uint64 temp;
+  if (!input->ReadVarint64(&temp)) return false;
+  *value = static_cast<int64>(temp);
+  return true;
+}
+template <>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<uint32, WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT32>(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32* value) {
+  return input->ReadVarint32(value);
+}
+template <>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<uint64, WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT64>(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, uint64* value) {
+  return input->ReadVarint64(value);
+}
+template <>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<int32, WireFormatLite::TYPE_SINT32>(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, int32* value) {
+  uint32 temp;
+  if (!input->ReadVarint32(&temp)) return false;
+  *value = ZigZagDecode32(temp);
+  return true;
+}
+template <>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<int64, WireFormatLite::TYPE_SINT64>(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, int64* value) {
+  uint64 temp;
+  if (!input->ReadVarint64(&temp)) return false;
+  *value = ZigZagDecode64(temp);
+  return true;
+}
+template <>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<uint32, WireFormatLite::TYPE_FIXED32>(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32* value) {
+  return input->ReadLittleEndian32(value);
+}
+template <>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<uint64, WireFormatLite::TYPE_FIXED64>(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, uint64* value) {
+  return input->ReadLittleEndian64(value);
+}
+template <>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<int32, WireFormatLite::TYPE_SFIXED32>(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, int32* value) {
+  uint32 temp;
+  if (!input->ReadLittleEndian32(&temp)) return false;
+  *value = static_cast<int32>(temp);
+  return true;
+}
+template <>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<int64, WireFormatLite::TYPE_SFIXED64>(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, int64* value) {
+  uint64 temp;
+  if (!input->ReadLittleEndian64(&temp)) return false;
+  *value = static_cast<int64>(temp);
+  return true;
+}
+template <>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<float, WireFormatLite::TYPE_FLOAT>(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, float* value) {
+  uint32 temp;
+  if (!input->ReadLittleEndian32(&temp)) return false;
+  *value = DecodeFloat(temp);
+  return true;
+}
+template <>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<double, WireFormatLite::TYPE_DOUBLE>(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, double* value) {
+  uint64 temp;
+  if (!input->ReadLittleEndian64(&temp)) return false;
+  *value = DecodeDouble(temp);
+  return true;
+}
+template <>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<bool, WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, bool* value) {
+  uint64 temp;
+  if (!input->ReadVarint64(&temp)) return false;
+  *value = temp != 0;
+  return true;
+}
+template <>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<int, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, int* value) {
+  uint32 temp;
+  if (!input->ReadVarint32(&temp)) return false;
+  *value = static_cast<int>(temp);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline const uint8*
+WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitiveFromArray<uint32, WireFormatLite::TYPE_FIXED32>(
+    const uint8* buffer, uint32* value) {
+  return io::CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian32FromArray(buffer, value);
+}
+template <>
+inline const uint8*
+WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitiveFromArray<uint64, WireFormatLite::TYPE_FIXED64>(
+    const uint8* buffer, uint64* value) {
+  return io::CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian64FromArray(buffer, value);
+}
+template <>
+inline const uint8*
+WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitiveFromArray<int32, WireFormatLite::TYPE_SFIXED32>(
+    const uint8* buffer, int32* value) {
+  uint32 temp;
+  buffer = io::CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian32FromArray(buffer, &temp);
+  *value = static_cast<int32>(temp);
+  return buffer;
+}
+template <>
+inline const uint8*
+WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitiveFromArray<int64, WireFormatLite::TYPE_SFIXED64>(
+    const uint8* buffer, int64* value) {
+  uint64 temp;
+  buffer = io::CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian64FromArray(buffer, &temp);
+  *value = static_cast<int64>(temp);
+  return buffer;
+}
+template <>
+inline const uint8*
+WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitiveFromArray<float, WireFormatLite::TYPE_FLOAT>(
+    const uint8* buffer, float* value) {
+  uint32 temp;
+  buffer = io::CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian32FromArray(buffer, &temp);
+  *value = DecodeFloat(temp);
+  return buffer;
+}
+template <>
+inline const uint8*
+WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitiveFromArray<double, WireFormatLite::TYPE_DOUBLE>(
+    const uint8* buffer, double* value) {
+  uint64 temp;
+  buffer = io::CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian64FromArray(buffer, &temp);
+  *value = DecodeDouble(temp);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+template <typename CType, enum WireFormatLite::FieldType DeclaredType>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadRepeatedPrimitive(
+    int,  // tag_size, unused.
+    uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input, RepeatedField<CType>* values) {
+  CType value;
+  if (!ReadPrimitive<CType, DeclaredType>(input, &value)) return false;
+  values->Add(value);
+  int elements_already_reserved = values->Capacity() - values->size();
+  while (elements_already_reserved > 0 && input->ExpectTag(tag)) {
+    if (!ReadPrimitive<CType, DeclaredType>(input, &value)) return false;
+    values->AddAlreadyReserved(value);
+    elements_already_reserved--;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename CType, enum WireFormatLite::FieldType DeclaredType>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadRepeatedFixedSizePrimitive(
+    int tag_size, uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+    RepeatedField<CType>* values) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(UInt32Size(tag), static_cast<size_t>(tag_size));
+  CType value;
+  if (!ReadPrimitive<CType, DeclaredType>(input, &value)) return false;
+  values->Add(value);
+
+  // For fixed size values, repeated values can be read more quickly by
+  // reading directly from a raw array.
+  //
+  // We can get a tight loop by only reading as many elements as can be
+  // added to the RepeatedField without having to do any resizing. Additionally,
+  // we only try to read as many elements as are available from the current
+  // buffer space. Doing so avoids having to perform boundary checks when
+  // reading the value: the maximum number of elements that can be read is
+  // known outside of the loop.
+  const void* void_pointer;
+  int size;
+  input->GetDirectBufferPointerInline(&void_pointer, &size);
+  if (size > 0) {
+    const uint8* buffer = reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(void_pointer);
+    // The number of bytes each type occupies on the wire.
+    const int per_value_size = tag_size + static_cast<int>(sizeof(value));
+
+    // parentheses around (std::min) prevents macro expansion of min(...)
+    int elements_available =
+        (std::min)(values->Capacity() - values->size(), size / per_value_size);
+    int num_read = 0;
+    while (num_read < elements_available &&
+           (buffer = io::CodedInputStream::ExpectTagFromArray(buffer, tag)) !=
+               NULL) {
+      buffer = ReadPrimitiveFromArray<CType, DeclaredType>(buffer, &value);
+      values->AddAlreadyReserved(value);
+      ++num_read;
+    }
+    const int read_bytes = num_read * per_value_size;
+    if (read_bytes > 0) {
+      input->Skip(read_bytes);
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Specializations of ReadRepeatedPrimitive for the fixed size types, which use
+// the optimized code path.
+#define READ_REPEATED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE(CPPTYPE, DECLARED_TYPE)        \
+  template <>                                                             \
+  inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadRepeatedPrimitive<                      \
+      CPPTYPE, WireFormatLite::DECLARED_TYPE>(                            \
+      int tag_size, uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input,              \
+      RepeatedField<CPPTYPE>* values) {                                   \
+    return ReadRepeatedFixedSizePrimitive<CPPTYPE,                        \
+                                          WireFormatLite::DECLARED_TYPE>( \
+        tag_size, tag, input, values);                                    \
+  }
+
+READ_REPEATED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE(uint32, TYPE_FIXED32)
+READ_REPEATED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE(uint64, TYPE_FIXED64)
+READ_REPEATED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE(int32, TYPE_SFIXED32)
+READ_REPEATED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE(int64, TYPE_SFIXED64)
+READ_REPEATED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE(float, TYPE_FLOAT)
+READ_REPEATED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE(double, TYPE_DOUBLE)
+
+#undef READ_REPEATED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE
+
+template <typename CType, enum WireFormatLite::FieldType DeclaredType>
+bool WireFormatLite::ReadRepeatedPrimitiveNoInline(
+    int tag_size, uint32 tag, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+    RepeatedField<CType>* value) {
+  return ReadRepeatedPrimitive<CType, DeclaredType>(tag_size, tag, input,
+                                                    value);
+}
+
+template <typename CType, enum WireFormatLite::FieldType DeclaredType>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPackedPrimitive(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                                RepeatedField<CType>* values) {
+  int length;
+  if (!input->ReadVarintSizeAsInt(&length)) return false;
+  io::CodedInputStream::Limit limit = input->PushLimit(length);
+  while (input->BytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+    CType value;
+    if (!ReadPrimitive<CType, DeclaredType>(input, &value)) return false;
+    values->Add(value);
+  }
+  input->PopLimit(limit);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename CType, enum WireFormatLite::FieldType DeclaredType>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadPackedFixedSizePrimitive(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, RepeatedField<CType>* values) {
+  int length;
+  if (!input->ReadVarintSizeAsInt(&length)) return false;
+  const int old_entries = values->size();
+  const int new_entries = length / static_cast<int>(sizeof(CType));
+  const int new_bytes = new_entries * static_cast<int>(sizeof(CType));
+  if (new_bytes != length) return false;
+  // We would *like* to pre-allocate the buffer to write into (for
+  // speed), but *must* avoid performing a very large allocation due
+  // to a malicious user-supplied "length" above.  So we have a fast
+  // path that pre-allocates when the "length" is less than a bound.
+  // We determine the bound by calling BytesUntilTotalBytesLimit() and
+  // BytesUntilLimit().  These return -1 to mean "no limit set".
+  // There are four cases:
+  // TotalBytesLimit  Limit
+  // -1               -1     Use slow path.
+  // -1               >= 0   Use fast path if length <= Limit.
+  // >= 0             -1     Use slow path.
+  // >= 0             >= 0   Use fast path if length <= min(both limits).
+  int64 bytes_limit = input->BytesUntilTotalBytesLimit();
+  if (bytes_limit == -1) {
+    bytes_limit = input->BytesUntilLimit();
+  } else {
+    // parentheses around (std::min) prevents macro expansion of min(...)
+    bytes_limit =
+        (std::min)(bytes_limit, static_cast<int64>(input->BytesUntilLimit()));
+  }
+  if (bytes_limit >= new_bytes) {
+    // Fast-path that pre-allocates *values to the final size.
+#if defined(PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+    values->Resize(old_entries + new_entries, 0);
+    // values->mutable_data() may change after Resize(), so do this after:
+    void* dest = reinterpret_cast<void*>(values->mutable_data() + old_entries);
+    if (!input->ReadRaw(dest, new_bytes)) {
+      values->Truncate(old_entries);
+      return false;
+    }
+#else
+    values->Reserve(old_entries + new_entries);
+    CType value;
+    for (int i = 0; i < new_entries; ++i) {
+      if (!ReadPrimitive<CType, DeclaredType>(input, &value)) return false;
+      values->AddAlreadyReserved(value);
+    }
+#endif
+  } else {
+    // This is the slow-path case where "length" may be too large to
+    // safely allocate.  We read as much as we can into *values
+    // without pre-allocating "length" bytes.
+    CType value;
+    for (int i = 0; i < new_entries; ++i) {
+      if (!ReadPrimitive<CType, DeclaredType>(input, &value)) return false;
+      values->Add(value);
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Specializations of ReadPackedPrimitive for the fixed size types, which use
+// an optimized code path.
+#define READ_REPEATED_PACKED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE(CPPTYPE, DECLARED_TYPE)      \
+  template <>                                                                  \
+  inline bool                                                                  \
+  WireFormatLite::ReadPackedPrimitive<CPPTYPE, WireFormatLite::DECLARED_TYPE>( \
+      io::CodedInputStream * input, RepeatedField<CPPTYPE> * values) {         \
+    return ReadPackedFixedSizePrimitive<CPPTYPE,                               \
+                                        WireFormatLite::DECLARED_TYPE>(        \
+        input, values);                                                        \
+  }
+
+READ_REPEATED_PACKED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE(uint32, TYPE_FIXED32)
+READ_REPEATED_PACKED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE(uint64, TYPE_FIXED64)
+READ_REPEATED_PACKED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE(int32, TYPE_SFIXED32)
+READ_REPEATED_PACKED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE(int64, TYPE_SFIXED64)
+READ_REPEATED_PACKED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE(float, TYPE_FLOAT)
+READ_REPEATED_PACKED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE(double, TYPE_DOUBLE)
+
+#undef READ_REPEATED_PACKED_FIXED_SIZE_PRIMITIVE
+
+template <typename CType, enum WireFormatLite::FieldType DeclaredType>
+bool WireFormatLite::ReadPackedPrimitiveNoInline(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                                 RepeatedField<CType>* values) {
+  return ReadPackedPrimitive<CType, DeclaredType>(input, values);
+}
+
+
+template <typename MessageType>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadGroup(int field_number,
+                                      io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                      MessageType* value) {
+  if (!input->IncrementRecursionDepth()) return false;
+  if (!value->MergePartialFromCodedStream(input)) return false;
+  input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+  // Make sure the last thing read was an end tag for this group.
+  if (!input->LastTagWas(MakeTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP))) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+template <typename MessageType>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                        MessageType* value) {
+  int length;
+  if (!input->ReadVarintSizeAsInt(&length)) return false;
+  std::pair<io::CodedInputStream::Limit, int> p =
+      input->IncrementRecursionDepthAndPushLimit(length);
+  if (p.second < 0 || !value->MergePartialFromCodedStream(input)) return false;
+  // Make sure that parsing stopped when the limit was hit, not at an endgroup
+  // tag.
+  return input->DecrementRecursionDepthAndPopLimit(p.first);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteTag(int field_number, WireType type,
+                                     io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteTag(MakeTag(field_number, type));
+}
+
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteInt32NoTag(int32 value,
+                                            io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteVarint32SignExtended(value);
+}
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteInt64NoTag(int64 value,
+                                            io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteVarint64(static_cast<uint64>(value));
+}
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32NoTag(uint32 value,
+                                             io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteVarint32(value);
+}
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64NoTag(uint64 value,
+                                             io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteVarint64(value);
+}
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteSInt32NoTag(int32 value,
+                                             io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteVarint32(ZigZagEncode32(value));
+}
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteSInt64NoTag(int64 value,
+                                             io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteVarint64(ZigZagEncode64(value));
+}
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteFixed32NoTag(uint32 value,
+                                              io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteLittleEndian32(value);
+}
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteFixed64NoTag(uint64 value,
+                                              io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteLittleEndian64(value);
+}
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed32NoTag(int32 value,
+                                               io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteLittleEndian32(static_cast<uint32>(value));
+}
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed64NoTag(int64 value,
+                                               io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteLittleEndian64(static_cast<uint64>(value));
+}
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteFloatNoTag(float value,
+                                            io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteLittleEndian32(EncodeFloat(value));
+}
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteDoubleNoTag(double value,
+                                             io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteLittleEndian64(EncodeDouble(value));
+}
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteBoolNoTag(bool value,
+                                           io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteVarint32(value ? 1 : 0);
+}
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteEnumNoTag(int value,
+                                           io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  output->WriteVarint32SignExtended(value);
+}
+
+// See comment on ReadGroupNoVirtual to understand the need for this template
+// parameter name.
+template <typename MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect>
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteGroupNoVirtual(
+    int field_number, const MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect& value,
+    io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP, output);
+  value.MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::SerializeWithCachedSizes(output);
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP, output);
+}
+template <typename MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect>
+inline void WireFormatLite::WriteMessageNoVirtual(
+    int field_number, const MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect& value,
+    io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+  WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, output);
+  output->WriteVarint32(
+      value.MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::GetCachedSize());
+  value.MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::SerializeWithCachedSizes(output);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteTagToArray(int field_number, WireType type,
+                                              uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(MakeTag(field_number, type),
+                                                target);
+}
+
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteInt32NoTagToArray(int32 value,
+                                                     uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32SignExtendedToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteInt64NoTagToArray(int64 value,
+                                                     uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint64ToArray(static_cast<uint64>(value),
+                                                     target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32NoTagToArray(uint32 value,
+                                                      uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64NoTagToArray(uint64 value,
+                                                      uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint64ToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSInt32NoTagToArray(int32 value,
+                                                      uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(ZigZagEncode32(value),
+                                                     target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSInt64NoTagToArray(int64 value,
+                                                      uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint64ToArray(ZigZagEncode64(value),
+                                                     target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteFixed32NoTagToArray(uint32 value,
+                                                       uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian32ToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteFixed64NoTagToArray(uint64 value,
+                                                       uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian64ToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed32NoTagToArray(int32 value,
+                                                        uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian32ToArray(
+      static_cast<uint32>(value), target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed64NoTagToArray(int64 value,
+                                                        uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian64ToArray(
+      static_cast<uint64>(value), target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteFloatNoTagToArray(float value,
+                                                     uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian32ToArray(EncodeFloat(value),
+                                                           target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteDoubleNoTagToArray(double value,
+                                                      uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian64ToArray(EncodeDouble(value),
+                                                           target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteBoolNoTagToArray(bool value, uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(value ? 1 : 0, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteEnumNoTagToArray(int value, uint8* target) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32SignExtendedToArray(value, target);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WritePrimitiveNoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<T>& value, uint8* (*Writer)(T, uint8*), uint8* target) {
+  const int n = value.size();
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(n, 0);
+
+  const T* ii = value.data();
+  int i = 0;
+  do {
+    target = Writer(ii[i], target);
+  } while (++i < n);
+
+  return target;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteFixedNoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<T>& value, uint8* (*Writer)(T, uint8*), uint8* target) {
+#if defined(PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+  (void)Writer;
+
+  const int n = value.size();
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(n, 0);
+
+  const T* ii = value.data();
+  const int bytes = n * static_cast<int>(sizeof(ii[0]));
+  memcpy(target, ii, static_cast<size_t>(bytes));
+  return target + bytes;
+#else
+  return WritePrimitiveNoTagToArray(value, Writer, target);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteInt32NoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<int32>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveNoTagToArray(value, WriteInt32NoTagToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteInt64NoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<int64>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveNoTagToArray(value, WriteInt64NoTagToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32NoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<uint32>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveNoTagToArray(value, WriteUInt32NoTagToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64NoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<uint64>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveNoTagToArray(value, WriteUInt64NoTagToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSInt32NoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<int32>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveNoTagToArray(value, WriteSInt32NoTagToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSInt64NoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<int64>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveNoTagToArray(value, WriteSInt64NoTagToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteFixed32NoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<uint32>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WriteFixedNoTagToArray(value, WriteFixed32NoTagToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteFixed64NoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<uint64>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WriteFixedNoTagToArray(value, WriteFixed64NoTagToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed32NoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<int32>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WriteFixedNoTagToArray(value, WriteSFixed32NoTagToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed64NoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<int64>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WriteFixedNoTagToArray(value, WriteSFixed64NoTagToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteFloatNoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<float>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WriteFixedNoTagToArray(value, WriteFloatNoTagToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteDoubleNoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<double>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WriteFixedNoTagToArray(value, WriteDoubleNoTagToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteBoolNoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<bool>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveNoTagToArray(value, WriteBoolNoTagToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteEnumNoTagToArray(
+    const RepeatedField<int>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveNoTagToArray(value, WriteEnumNoTagToArray, target);
+}
+
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(int field_number, int32 value,
+                                                uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, target);
+  return WriteInt32NoTagToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteInt64ToArray(int field_number, int64 value,
+                                                uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, target);
+  return WriteInt64NoTagToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32ToArray(int field_number, uint32 value,
+                                                 uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, target);
+  return WriteUInt32NoTagToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64ToArray(int field_number, uint64 value,
+                                                 uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, target);
+  return WriteUInt64NoTagToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSInt32ToArray(int field_number, int32 value,
+                                                 uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, target);
+  return WriteSInt32NoTagToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSInt64ToArray(int field_number, int64 value,
+                                                 uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, target);
+  return WriteSInt64NoTagToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteFixed32ToArray(int field_number,
+                                                  uint32 value, uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_FIXED32, target);
+  return WriteFixed32NoTagToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteFixed64ToArray(int field_number,
+                                                  uint64 value, uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_FIXED64, target);
+  return WriteFixed64NoTagToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed32ToArray(int field_number,
+                                                   int32 value, uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_FIXED32, target);
+  return WriteSFixed32NoTagToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed64ToArray(int field_number,
+                                                   int64 value, uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_FIXED64, target);
+  return WriteSFixed64NoTagToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteFloatToArray(int field_number, float value,
+                                                uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_FIXED32, target);
+  return WriteFloatNoTagToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteDoubleToArray(int field_number, double value,
+                                                 uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_FIXED64, target);
+  return WriteDoubleNoTagToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(int field_number, bool value,
+                                               uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, target);
+  return WriteBoolNoTagToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(int field_number, int value,
+                                               uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, target);
+  return WriteEnumNoTagToArray(value, target);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WritePrimitiveToArray(
+    int field_number, const RepeatedField<T>& value,
+    uint8* (*Writer)(int, T, uint8*), uint8* target) {
+  const int n = value.size();
+  if (n == 0) {
+    return target;
+  }
+
+  const T* ii = value.data();
+  int i = 0;
+  do {
+    target = Writer(field_number, ii[i], target);
+  } while (++i < n);
+
+  return target;
+}
+
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(
+    int field_number, const RepeatedField<int32>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveToArray(field_number, value, WriteInt32ToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteInt64ToArray(
+    int field_number, const RepeatedField<int64>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveToArray(field_number, value, WriteInt64ToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32ToArray(
+    int field_number, const RepeatedField<uint32>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveToArray(field_number, value, WriteUInt32ToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64ToArray(
+    int field_number, const RepeatedField<uint64>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveToArray(field_number, value, WriteUInt64ToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSInt32ToArray(
+    int field_number, const RepeatedField<int32>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveToArray(field_number, value, WriteSInt32ToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSInt64ToArray(
+    int field_number, const RepeatedField<int64>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveToArray(field_number, value, WriteSInt64ToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteFixed32ToArray(
+    int field_number, const RepeatedField<uint32>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveToArray(field_number, value, WriteFixed32ToArray,
+                               target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteFixed64ToArray(
+    int field_number, const RepeatedField<uint64>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveToArray(field_number, value, WriteFixed64ToArray,
+                               target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed32ToArray(
+    int field_number, const RepeatedField<int32>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveToArray(field_number, value, WriteSFixed32ToArray,
+                               target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed64ToArray(
+    int field_number, const RepeatedField<int64>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveToArray(field_number, value, WriteSFixed64ToArray,
+                               target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteFloatToArray(
+    int field_number, const RepeatedField<float>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveToArray(field_number, value, WriteFloatToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteDoubleToArray(
+    int field_number, const RepeatedField<double>& value, uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveToArray(field_number, value, WriteDoubleToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(int field_number,
+                                               const RepeatedField<bool>& value,
+                                               uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveToArray(field_number, value, WriteBoolToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(int field_number,
+                                               const RepeatedField<int>& value,
+                                               uint8* target) {
+  return WritePrimitiveToArray(field_number, value, WriteEnumToArray, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(int field_number,
+                                                 const std::string& value,
+                                                 uint8* target) {
+  // String is for UTF-8 text only
+  // WARNING:  In wire_format.cc, both strings and bytes are handled by
+  //   WriteString() to avoid code duplication.  If the implementations become
+  //   different, you will need to update that usage.
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, target);
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteStringWithSizeToArray(value, target);
+}
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::WriteBytesToArray(int field_number,
+                                                const std::string& value,
+                                                uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, target);
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::WriteStringWithSizeToArray(value, target);
+}
+
+
+template <typename MessageType>
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::InternalWriteGroup(
+    int field_number, const MessageType& value, uint8* target,
+    io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP, target);
+  target = value._InternalSerialize(target, stream);
+  target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+  return WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP, target);
+}
+template <typename MessageType>
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::InternalWriteMessage(
+    int field_number, const MessageType& value, uint8* target,
+    io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, target);
+  target = io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(
+      static_cast<uint32>(value.GetCachedSize()), target);
+  return value._InternalSerialize(target, stream);
+}
+
+// See comment on ReadGroupNoVirtual to understand the need for this template
+// parameter name.
+template <typename MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect>
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::InternalWriteGroupNoVirtualToArray(
+    int field_number, const MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect& value,
+    uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_START_GROUP, target);
+  target = value.MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::
+               SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(target);
+  return WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP, target);
+}
+template <typename MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect>
+inline uint8* WireFormatLite::InternalWriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+    int field_number, const MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect& value,
+    uint8* target) {
+  target = WriteTagToArray(field_number, WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, target);
+  target = io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(
+      static_cast<uint32>(
+          value.MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::GetCachedSize()),
+      target);
+  return value
+      .MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+          target);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::Int32Size(int32 value) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32SignExtended(value);
+}
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::Int64Size(int64 value) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize64(static_cast<uint64>(value));
+}
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::UInt32Size(uint32 value) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(value);
+}
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::UInt64Size(uint64 value) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize64(value);
+}
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::SInt32Size(int32 value) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(ZigZagEncode32(value));
+}
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::SInt64Size(int64 value) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize64(ZigZagEncode64(value));
+}
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::EnumSize(int value) {
+  return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32SignExtended(value);
+}
+
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::StringSize(const std::string& value) {
+  return LengthDelimitedSize(value.size());
+}
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::BytesSize(const std::string& value) {
+  return LengthDelimitedSize(value.size());
+}
+
+
+template <typename MessageType>
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::GroupSize(const MessageType& value) {
+  return value.ByteSizeLong();
+}
+template <typename MessageType>
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::MessageSize(const MessageType& value) {
+  return LengthDelimitedSize(value.ByteSizeLong());
+}
+
+// See comment on ReadGroupNoVirtual to understand the need for this template
+// parameter name.
+template <typename MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect>
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::GroupSizeNoVirtual(
+    const MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect& value) {
+  return value.MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::ByteSizeLong();
+}
+template <typename MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect>
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+    const MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect& value) {
+  return LengthDelimitedSize(
+      value.MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::ByteSizeLong());
+}
+
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::LengthDelimitedSize(size_t length) {
+  // The static_cast here prevents an error in certain compiler configurations
+  // but is not technically correct--if length is too large to fit in a uint32
+  // then it will be silently truncated. We will need to fix this if we ever
+  // decide to start supporting serialized messages greater than 2 GiB in size.
+  return length +
+         io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(static_cast<uint32>(length));
+}
+
+template <typename MS>
+bool ParseMessageSetItemImpl(io::CodedInputStream* input, MS ms) {
+  // This method parses a group which should contain two fields:
+  //   required int32 type_id = 2;
+  //   required data message = 3;
+
+  uint32 last_type_id = 0;
+
+  // If we see message data before the type_id, we'll append it to this so
+  // we can parse it later.
+  std::string message_data;
+
+  while (true) {
+    const uint32 tag = input->ReadTagNoLastTag();
+    if (tag == 0) return false;
+
+    switch (tag) {
+      case WireFormatLite::kMessageSetTypeIdTag: {
+        uint32 type_id;
+        if (!input->ReadVarint32(&type_id)) return false;
+        last_type_id = type_id;
+
+        if (!message_data.empty()) {
+          // We saw some message data before the type_id.  Have to parse it
+          // now.
+          io::CodedInputStream sub_input(
+              reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(message_data.data()),
+              static_cast<int>(message_data.size()));
+          sub_input.SetRecursionLimit(input->RecursionBudget());
+          if (!ms.ParseField(last_type_id, &sub_input)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          message_data.clear();
+        }
+
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case WireFormatLite::kMessageSetMessageTag: {
+        if (last_type_id == 0) {
+          // We haven't seen a type_id yet.  Append this data to message_data.
+          uint32 length;
+          if (!input->ReadVarint32(&length)) return false;
+          if (static_cast<int32>(length) < 0) return false;
+          uint32 size = static_cast<uint32>(
+              length + io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(length));
+          message_data.resize(size);
+          auto ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(&message_data[0]);
+          ptr = io::CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(length, ptr);
+          if (!input->ReadRaw(ptr, length)) return false;
+        } else {
+          // Already saw type_id, so we can parse this directly.
+          if (!ms.ParseField(last_type_id, input)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemEndTag: {
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+        if (!ms.SkipField(tag, input)) return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_LITE_H__
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_unittest.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff502d6dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1522 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_mset.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_mset_wire_format.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, EnumsInSync) {
+  // Verify that WireFormatLite::FieldType and WireFormatLite::CppType match
+  // FieldDescriptor::Type and FieldDescriptor::CppType.
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(implicit_cast<int>(FieldDescriptor::MAX_TYPE),
+            implicit_cast<int>(WireFormatLite::MAX_FIELD_TYPE));
+  EXPECT_EQ(implicit_cast<int>(FieldDescriptor::MAX_CPPTYPE),
+            implicit_cast<int>(WireFormatLite::MAX_CPPTYPE));
+
+  for (int i = 1; i <= WireFormatLite::MAX_FIELD_TYPE; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(implicit_cast<int>(FieldDescriptor::TypeToCppType(
+                  static_cast<FieldDescriptor::Type>(i))),
+              implicit_cast<int>(WireFormatLite::FieldTypeToCppType(
+                  static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(i))));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, MaxFieldNumber) {
+  // Make sure the max field number constant is accurate.
+  EXPECT_EQ((1 << (32 - WireFormatLite::kTagTypeBits)) - 1,
+            FieldDescriptor::kMaxNumber);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, Parse) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes source, dest;
+  std::string data;
+
+  // Serialize using the generated code.
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&source);
+  source.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  // Parse using WireFormat.
+  io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+  io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+  WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &dest);
+
+  // Check.
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsSet(dest);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ParseExtensions) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions source, dest;
+  std::string data;
+
+  // Serialize using the generated code.
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&source);
+  source.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  // Parse using WireFormat.
+  io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+  io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+  WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &dest);
+
+  // Check.
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllExtensionsSet(dest);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ParsePacked) {
+  unittest::TestPackedTypes source, dest;
+  std::string data;
+
+  // Serialize using the generated code.
+  TestUtil::SetPackedFields(&source);
+  source.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  // Parse using WireFormat.
+  io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+  io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+  WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &dest);
+
+  // Check.
+  TestUtil::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(dest);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ParsePackedFromUnpacked) {
+  // Serialize using the generated code.
+  unittest::TestUnpackedTypes source;
+  TestUtil::SetUnpackedFields(&source);
+  std::string data = source.SerializeAsString();
+
+  // Parse using WireFormat.
+  unittest::TestPackedTypes dest;
+  io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+  io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+  WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &dest);
+
+  // Check.
+  TestUtil::ExpectPackedFieldsSet(dest);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ParseUnpackedFromPacked) {
+  // Serialize using the generated code.
+  unittest::TestPackedTypes source;
+  TestUtil::SetPackedFields(&source);
+  std::string data = source.SerializeAsString();
+
+  // Parse using WireFormat.
+  unittest::TestUnpackedTypes dest;
+  io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+  io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+  WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &dest);
+
+  // Check.
+  TestUtil::ExpectUnpackedFieldsSet(dest);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ParsePackedExtensions) {
+  unittest::TestPackedExtensions source, dest;
+  std::string data;
+
+  // Serialize using the generated code.
+  TestUtil::SetPackedExtensions(&source);
+  source.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  // Parse using WireFormat.
+  io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+  io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+  WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &dest);
+
+  // Check.
+  TestUtil::ExpectPackedExtensionsSet(dest);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ParseOneof) {
+  unittest::TestOneof2 source, dest;
+  std::string data;
+
+  // Serialize using the generated code.
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&source);
+  source.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  // Parse using WireFormat.
+  io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+  io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+  WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &dest);
+
+  // Check.
+  TestUtil::ExpectOneofSet1(dest);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, OneofOnlySetLast) {
+  unittest::TestOneofBackwardsCompatible source;
+  unittest::TestOneof oneof_dest;
+  std::string data;
+
+  // Set two fields
+  source.set_foo_int(100);
+  source.set_foo_string("101");
+
+  // Serialize and parse to oneof message.
+  source.SerializeToString(&data);
+  io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+  io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+  WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &oneof_dest);
+
+  // Only the last field is set.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(oneof_dest.has_foo_int());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(oneof_dest.has_foo_string());
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ByteSize) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.ByteSize(), WireFormat::ByteSize(message));
+  message.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, WireFormat::ByteSize(message));
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ByteSizeExtensions) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.ByteSize(), WireFormat::ByteSize(message));
+  message.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, WireFormat::ByteSize(message));
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ByteSizePacked) {
+  unittest::TestPackedTypes message;
+  TestUtil::SetPackedFields(&message);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.ByteSize(), WireFormat::ByteSize(message));
+  message.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, WireFormat::ByteSize(message));
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ByteSizePackedExtensions) {
+  unittest::TestPackedExtensions message;
+  TestUtil::SetPackedExtensions(&message);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.ByteSize(), WireFormat::ByteSize(message));
+  message.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, WireFormat::ByteSize(message));
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ByteSizeOneof) {
+  unittest::TestOneof2 message;
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&message);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.ByteSize(), WireFormat::ByteSize(message));
+  message.Clear();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, WireFormat::ByteSize(message));
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, Serialize) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  std::string generated_data;
+  std::string dynamic_data;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&message);
+  int size = message.ByteSize();
+
+  // Serialize using the generated code.
+  {
+    io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&generated_data);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+    message.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+  }
+
+  // Serialize using WireFormat.
+  {
+    io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&dynamic_data);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+    WireFormat::SerializeWithCachedSizes(message, size, &output);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+  }
+
+  // Should be the same.
+  // Don't use EXPECT_EQ here because we're comparing raw binary data and
+  // we really don't want it dumped to stdout on failure.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(dynamic_data == generated_data);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, SerializeExtensions) {
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions message;
+  std::string generated_data;
+  std::string dynamic_data;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&message);
+  int size = message.ByteSize();
+
+  // Serialize using the generated code.
+  {
+    io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&generated_data);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+    message.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+  }
+
+  // Serialize using WireFormat.
+  {
+    io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&dynamic_data);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+    WireFormat::SerializeWithCachedSizes(message, size, &output);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+  }
+
+  // Should be the same.
+  // Don't use EXPECT_EQ here because we're comparing raw binary data and
+  // we really don't want it dumped to stdout on failure.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(dynamic_data == generated_data);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, SerializeFieldsAndExtensions) {
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings message;
+  std::string generated_data;
+  std::string dynamic_data;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(&message);
+  int size = message.ByteSize();
+
+  // Serialize using the generated code.
+  {
+    io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&generated_data);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+    message.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+  }
+
+  // Serialize using WireFormat.
+  {
+    io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&dynamic_data);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+    WireFormat::SerializeWithCachedSizes(message, size, &output);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+  }
+
+  // Should be the same.
+  // Don't use EXPECT_EQ here because we're comparing raw binary data and
+  // we really don't want it dumped to stdout on failure.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(dynamic_data == generated_data);
+
+  // Should output in canonical order.
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsAndExtensionsInOrder(dynamic_data);
+  TestUtil::ExpectAllFieldsAndExtensionsInOrder(generated_data);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, SerializeOneof) {
+  unittest::TestOneof2 message;
+  std::string generated_data;
+  std::string dynamic_data;
+
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&message);
+  int size = message.ByteSize();
+
+  // Serialize using the generated code.
+  {
+    io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&generated_data);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+    message.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+  }
+
+  // Serialize using WireFormat.
+  {
+    io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&dynamic_data);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+    WireFormat::SerializeWithCachedSizes(message, size, &output);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+  }
+
+  // Should be the same.
+  // Don't use EXPECT_EQ here because we're comparing raw binary data and
+  // we really don't want it dumped to stdout on failure.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(dynamic_data == generated_data);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ParseMultipleExtensionRanges) {
+  // Make sure we can parse a message that contains multiple extensions ranges.
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings source;
+  std::string data;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(&source);
+  source.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  {
+    unittest::TestFieldOrderings dest;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dest.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(source.DebugString(), dest.DebugString());
+  }
+
+  // Also test using reflection-based parsing.
+  {
+    unittest::TestFieldOrderings dest;
+    io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+    io::CodedInputStream coded_input(&raw_input);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&coded_input, &dest));
+    EXPECT_EQ(source.DebugString(), dest.DebugString());
+  }
+}
+
+const int kUnknownTypeId = 1550055;
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, SerializeMessageSet) {
+  // Set up a TestMessageSet with two known messages and an unknown one.
+  proto2_wireformat_unittest::TestMessageSet message_set;
+  message_set
+      .MutableExtension(
+          unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension)
+      ->set_i(123);
+  message_set
+      .MutableExtension(
+          unittest::TestMessageSetExtension2::message_set_extension)
+      ->set_str("foo");
+  message_set.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddLengthDelimited(kUnknownTypeId,
+                                                           "bar");
+
+  std::string data;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message_set.SerializeToString(&data));
+
+  // Parse back using RawMessageSet and check the contents.
+  unittest::RawMessageSet raw;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(raw.ParseFromString(data));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, raw.unknown_fields().field_count());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, raw.item_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::descriptor()->extension(0)->number(),
+      raw.item(0).type_id());
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      unittest::TestMessageSetExtension2::descriptor()->extension(0)->number(),
+      raw.item(1).type_id());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kUnknownTypeId, raw.item(2).type_id());
+
+  unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1 message1;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message1.ParseFromString(raw.item(0).message()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, message1.i());
+
+  unittest::TestMessageSetExtension2 message2;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(raw.item(1).message()));
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", message2.str());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", raw.item(2).message());
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, SerializeMessageSetVariousWaysAreEqual) {
+  // Serialize a MessageSet to a stream and to a flat array using generated
+  // code, and also using WireFormat, and check that the results are equal.
+  // Set up a TestMessageSet with two known messages and an unknown one, as
+  // above.
+
+  proto2_wireformat_unittest::TestMessageSet message_set;
+  message_set
+      .MutableExtension(
+          unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension)
+      ->set_i(123);
+  message_set
+      .MutableExtension(
+          unittest::TestMessageSetExtension2::message_set_extension)
+      ->set_str("foo");
+  message_set.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddLengthDelimited(kUnknownTypeId,
+                                                           "bar");
+
+  int size = message_set.ByteSize();
+  EXPECT_EQ(size, message_set.GetCachedSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(size, WireFormat::ByteSize(message_set));
+
+  std::string flat_data;
+  std::string stream_data;
+  std::string dynamic_data;
+  flat_data.resize(size);
+  stream_data.resize(size);
+
+  // Serialize to flat array
+  {
+    uint8* target = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&flat_data));
+    uint8* end = message_set.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(target);
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, end - target);
+  }
+
+  // Serialize to buffer
+  {
+    io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&stream_data), size,
+                                       1);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+    message_set.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+  }
+
+  // Serialize to buffer with WireFormat.
+  {
+    io::StringOutputStream string_stream(&dynamic_data);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&string_stream);
+    WireFormat::SerializeWithCachedSizes(message_set, size, &output_stream);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(flat_data == stream_data);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(flat_data == dynamic_data);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ParseMessageSet) {
+  // Set up a RawMessageSet with two known messages and an unknown one.
+  unittest::RawMessageSet raw;
+
+  {
+    unittest::RawMessageSet::Item* item = raw.add_item();
+    item->set_type_id(unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::descriptor()
+                          ->extension(0)
+                          ->number());
+    unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1 message;
+    message.set_i(123);
+    message.SerializeToString(item->mutable_message());
+  }
+
+  {
+    unittest::RawMessageSet::Item* item = raw.add_item();
+    item->set_type_id(unittest::TestMessageSetExtension2::descriptor()
+                          ->extension(0)
+                          ->number());
+    unittest::TestMessageSetExtension2 message;
+    message.set_str("foo");
+    message.SerializeToString(item->mutable_message());
+  }
+
+  {
+    unittest::RawMessageSet::Item* item = raw.add_item();
+    item->set_type_id(kUnknownTypeId);
+    item->set_message("bar");
+  }
+
+  std::string data;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(raw.SerializeToString(&data));
+
+  // Parse as a TestMessageSet and check the contents.
+  proto2_wireformat_unittest::TestMessageSet message_set;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message_set.ParseFromString(data));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(123,
+            message_set
+                .GetExtension(
+                    unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension)
+                .i());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo",
+            message_set
+                .GetExtension(
+                    unittest::TestMessageSetExtension2::message_set_extension)
+                .str());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, message_set.unknown_fields().field_count());
+  ASSERT_EQ(UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,
+            message_set.unknown_fields().field(0).type());
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", message_set.unknown_fields().field(0).length_delimited());
+
+  // Also parse using WireFormat.
+  proto2_wireformat_unittest::TestMessageSet dynamic_message_set;
+  io::CodedInputStream input(reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(data.data()),
+                             data.size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &dynamic_message_set));
+  EXPECT_EQ(message_set.DebugString(), dynamic_message_set.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ParseMessageSetWithReverseTagOrder) {
+  std::string data;
+  {
+    unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1 message;
+    message.set_i(123);
+    // Build a MessageSet manually with its message content put before its
+    // type_id.
+    io::StringOutputStream output_stream(&data);
+    io::CodedOutputStream coded_output(&output_stream);
+    coded_output.WriteTag(WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemStartTag);
+    // Write the message content first.
+    WireFormatLite::WriteTag(WireFormatLite::kMessageSetMessageNumber,
+                             WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,
+                             &coded_output);
+    coded_output.WriteVarint32(message.ByteSize());
+    message.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&coded_output);
+    // Write the type id.
+    uint32 type_id = message.GetDescriptor()->extension(0)->number();
+    WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32(WireFormatLite::kMessageSetTypeIdNumber,
+                                type_id, &coded_output);
+    coded_output.WriteTag(WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemEndTag);
+  }
+  {
+    proto2_wireformat_unittest::TestMessageSet message_set;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(message_set.ParseFromString(data));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(123,
+              message_set
+                  .GetExtension(
+                      unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension)
+                  .i());
+  }
+  {
+    // Test parse the message via Reflection.
+    proto2_wireformat_unittest::TestMessageSet message_set;
+    io::CodedInputStream input(reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(data.data()),
+                               data.size());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, &message_set));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(input.ConsumedEntireMessage());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(123,
+              message_set
+                  .GetExtension(
+                      unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension)
+                  .i());
+  }
+}
+
+void SerializeReverseOrder(
+    const proto2_wireformat_unittest::TestMessageSet& mset,
+    io::CodedOutputStream* coded_output);
+
+void SerializeReverseOrder(const unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1& message,
+                           io::CodedOutputStream* coded_output) {
+  WireFormatLite::WriteTag(15,  // i
+                           WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT, coded_output);
+  coded_output->WriteVarint32(message.i());
+  WireFormatLite::WriteTag(16,  // recursive
+                           WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,
+                           coded_output);
+  coded_output->WriteVarint32(message.recursive().GetCachedSize());
+  SerializeReverseOrder(message.recursive(), coded_output);
+}
+
+void SerializeReverseOrder(
+    const proto2_wireformat_unittest::TestMessageSet& mset,
+    io::CodedOutputStream* coded_output) {
+  if (!mset.HasExtension(
+          unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension))
+    return;
+  coded_output->WriteTag(WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemStartTag);
+  // Write the message content first.
+  WireFormatLite::WriteTag(WireFormatLite::kMessageSetMessageNumber,
+                           WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED,
+                           coded_output);
+  auto& message = mset.GetExtension(
+      unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension);
+  coded_output->WriteVarint32(message.GetCachedSize());
+  SerializeReverseOrder(message, coded_output);
+  // Write the type id.
+  uint32 type_id = message.GetDescriptor()->extension(0)->number();
+  WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32(WireFormatLite::kMessageSetTypeIdNumber, type_id,
+                              coded_output);
+  coded_output->WriteTag(WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemEndTag);
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ParseMessageSetWithDeepRecReverseOrder) {
+  std::string data;
+  {
+    proto2_wireformat_unittest::TestMessageSet message_set;
+    proto2_wireformat_unittest::TestMessageSet* mset = &message_set;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
+      auto m = mset->MutableExtension(
+          unittest::TestMessageSetExtension1::message_set_extension);
+      m->set_i(i);
+      mset = m->mutable_recursive();
+    }
+    message_set.ByteSizeLong();
+    // Serialize with reverse payload tag order
+    io::StringOutputStream output_stream(&data);
+    io::CodedOutputStream coded_output(&output_stream);
+    SerializeReverseOrder(message_set, &coded_output);
+  }
+  proto2_wireformat_unittest::TestMessageSet message_set;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message_set.ParseFromString(data));
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ParseBrokenMessageSet) {
+  proto2_wireformat_unittest::TestMessageSet message_set;
+  std::string input("goodbye");  // Invalid wire format data.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message_set.ParseFromString(input));
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, RecursionLimit) {
+  unittest::TestRecursiveMessage message;
+  message.mutable_a()->mutable_a()->mutable_a()->mutable_a()->set_i(1);
+  std::string data;
+  message.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  {
+    io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+    io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+    input.SetRecursionLimit(4);
+    unittest::TestRecursiveMessage message2;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromCodedStream(&input));
+  }
+
+  {
+    io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+    io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+    input.SetRecursionLimit(3);
+    unittest::TestRecursiveMessage message2;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message2.ParseFromCodedStream(&input));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, UnknownFieldRecursionLimit) {
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage message;
+  message.mutable_unknown_fields()
+      ->AddGroup(1234)
+      ->AddGroup(1234)
+      ->AddGroup(1234)
+      ->AddGroup(1234)
+      ->AddVarint(1234, 123);
+  std::string data;
+  message.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  {
+    io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+    io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+    input.SetRecursionLimit(4);
+    unittest::TestEmptyMessage message2;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromCodedStream(&input));
+  }
+
+  {
+    io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+    io::CodedInputStream input(&raw_input);
+    input.SetRecursionLimit(3);
+    unittest::TestEmptyMessage message2;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message2.ParseFromCodedStream(&input));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, ZigZag) {
+// avoid line-wrapping
+#define LL(x) PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(x)
+#define ULL(x) PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(x)
+#define ZigZagEncode32(x) WireFormatLite::ZigZagEncode32(x)
+#define ZigZagDecode32(x) WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode32(x)
+#define ZigZagEncode64(x) WireFormatLite::ZigZagEncode64(x)
+#define ZigZagDecode64(x) WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode64(x)
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0u, ZigZagEncode32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1u, ZigZagEncode32(-1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2u, ZigZagEncode32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3u, ZigZagEncode32(-2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7FFFFFFEu, ZigZagEncode32(0x3FFFFFFF));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7FFFFFFFu, ZigZagEncode32(0xC0000000));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xFFFFFFFEu, ZigZagEncode32(0x7FFFFFFF));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xFFFFFFFFu, ZigZagEncode32(0x80000000));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, ZigZagDecode32(0u));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, ZigZagDecode32(1u));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, ZigZagDecode32(2u));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-2, ZigZagDecode32(3u));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x3FFFFFFF, ZigZagDecode32(0x7FFFFFFEu));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xC0000000, ZigZagDecode32(0x7FFFFFFFu));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7FFFFFFF, ZigZagDecode32(0xFFFFFFFEu));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x80000000, ZigZagDecode32(0xFFFFFFFFu));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0u, ZigZagEncode64(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1u, ZigZagEncode64(-1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2u, ZigZagEncode64(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3u, ZigZagEncode64(-2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ULL(0x000000007FFFFFFE), ZigZagEncode64(LL(0x000000003FFFFFFF)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ULL(0x000000007FFFFFFF), ZigZagEncode64(LL(0xFFFFFFFFC0000000)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ULL(0x00000000FFFFFFFE), ZigZagEncode64(LL(0x000000007FFFFFFF)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ULL(0x00000000FFFFFFFF), ZigZagEncode64(LL(0xFFFFFFFF80000000)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ULL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE), ZigZagEncode64(LL(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ULL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF), ZigZagEncode64(LL(0x8000000000000000)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, ZigZagDecode64(0u));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, ZigZagDecode64(1u));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, ZigZagDecode64(2u));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-2, ZigZagDecode64(3u));
+  EXPECT_EQ(LL(0x000000003FFFFFFF), ZigZagDecode64(ULL(0x000000007FFFFFFE)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(LL(0xFFFFFFFFC0000000), ZigZagDecode64(ULL(0x000000007FFFFFFF)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(LL(0x000000007FFFFFFF), ZigZagDecode64(ULL(0x00000000FFFFFFFE)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(LL(0xFFFFFFFF80000000), ZigZagDecode64(ULL(0x00000000FFFFFFFF)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(LL(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF), ZigZagDecode64(ULL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(LL(0x8000000000000000), ZigZagDecode64(ULL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)));
+
+  // Some easier-to-verify round-trip tests.  The inputs (other than 0, 1, -1)
+  // were chosen semi-randomly via keyboard bashing.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, ZigZagDecode32(ZigZagEncode32(0)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, ZigZagDecode32(ZigZagEncode32(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, ZigZagDecode32(ZigZagEncode32(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(14927, ZigZagDecode32(ZigZagEncode32(14927)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-3612, ZigZagDecode32(ZigZagEncode32(-3612)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, ZigZagDecode64(ZigZagEncode64(0)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, ZigZagDecode64(ZigZagEncode64(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, ZigZagDecode64(ZigZagEncode64(-1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(14927, ZigZagDecode64(ZigZagEncode64(14927)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-3612, ZigZagDecode64(ZigZagEncode64(-3612)));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(LL(856912304801416),
+            ZigZagDecode64(ZigZagEncode64(LL(856912304801416))));
+  EXPECT_EQ(LL(-75123905439571256),
+            ZigZagDecode64(ZigZagEncode64(LL(-75123905439571256))));
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, RepeatedScalarsDifferentTagSizes) {
+  // At one point checks would trigger when parsing repeated fixed scalar
+  // fields.
+  protobuf_unittest::TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes msg1, msg2;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    msg1.add_repeated_fixed32(i);
+    msg1.add_repeated_int32(i);
+    msg1.add_repeated_fixed64(i);
+    msg1.add_repeated_int64(i);
+    msg1.add_repeated_float(i);
+    msg1.add_repeated_uint64(i);
+  }
+
+  // Make sure that we have a variety of tag sizes.
+  const Descriptor* desc = msg1.GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field;
+  field = desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_fixed32");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(field != NULL);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, WireFormat::TagSize(field->number(), field->type()));
+  field = desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_int32");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(field != NULL);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, WireFormat::TagSize(field->number(), field->type()));
+  field = desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_fixed64");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(field != NULL);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, WireFormat::TagSize(field->number(), field->type()));
+  field = desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_int64");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(field != NULL);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, WireFormat::TagSize(field->number(), field->type()));
+  field = desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_float");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(field != NULL);
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, WireFormat::TagSize(field->number(), field->type()));
+  field = desc->FindFieldByName("repeated_uint64");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(field != NULL);
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, WireFormat::TagSize(field->number(), field->type()));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(msg2.ParseFromString(msg1.SerializeAsString()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(msg1.DebugString(), msg2.DebugString());
+}
+
+TEST(WireFormatTest, CompatibleTypes) {
+  const int64 data = 0x100000000LL;
+  unittest::Int64Message msg1;
+  msg1.set_data(data);
+  std::string serialized;
+  msg1.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+
+  // Test int64 is compatible with bool
+  unittest::BoolMessage msg2;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(msg2.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<bool>(data), msg2.data());
+
+  // Test int64 is compatible with uint64
+  unittest::Uint64Message msg3;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(msg3.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint64>(data), msg3.data());
+
+  // Test int64 is compatible with int32
+  unittest::Int32Message msg4;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(msg4.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<int32>(data), msg4.data());
+
+  // Test int64 is compatible with uint32
+  unittest::Uint32Message msg5;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(msg5.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32>(data), msg5.data());
+}
+
+class Proto3PrimitiveRepeatedWireFormatTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  Proto3PrimitiveRepeatedWireFormatTest()
+      : packedTestAllTypes_(
+            "\xFA\x01\x01\x01"
+            "\x82\x02\x01\x01"
+            "\x8A\x02\x01\x01"
+            "\x92\x02\x01\x01"
+            "\x9A\x02\x01\x02"
+            "\xA2\x02\x01\x02"
+            "\xAA\x02\x04\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xB2\x02\x08\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xBA\x02\x04\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xC2\x02\x08\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xCA\x02\x04\x00\x00\x80\x3f"
+            "\xD2\x02\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf0\x3f"
+            "\xDA\x02\x01\x01"
+            "\x9A\x03\x01\x01",
+            86),
+        packedTestUnpackedTypes_(
+            "\x0A\x01\x01"
+            "\x12\x01\x01"
+            "\x1A\x01\x01"
+            "\x22\x01\x01"
+            "\x2A\x01\x02"
+            "\x32\x01\x02"
+            "\x3A\x04\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x42\x08\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x4A\x04\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x52\x08\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x5A\x04\x00\x00\x80\x3f"
+            "\x62\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf0\x3f"
+            "\x6A\x01\x01"
+            "\x72\x01\x01",
+            72),
+        unpackedTestAllTypes_(
+            "\xF8\x01\x01"
+            "\x80\x02\x01"
+            "\x88\x02\x01"
+            "\x90\x02\x01"
+            "\x98\x02\x02"
+            "\xA0\x02\x02"
+            "\xAD\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xB1\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xBD\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xC1\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xCD\x02\x00\x00\x80\x3f"
+            "\xD1\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf0\x3f"
+            "\xD8\x02\x01"
+            "\x98\x03\x01",
+            72),
+        unpackedTestUnpackedTypes_(
+            "\x08\x01"
+            "\x10\x01"
+            "\x18\x01"
+            "\x20\x01"
+            "\x28\x02"
+            "\x30\x02"
+            "\x3D\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x41\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x4D\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x51\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x5D\x00\x00\x80\x3f"
+            "\x61\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf0\x3f"
+            "\x68\x01"
+            "\x70\x01",
+            58) {}
+  template <class Proto>
+  void SetProto3PrimitiveRepeatedFields(Proto* message) {
+    message->add_repeated_int32(1);
+    message->add_repeated_int64(1);
+    message->add_repeated_uint32(1);
+    message->add_repeated_uint64(1);
+    message->add_repeated_sint32(1);
+    message->add_repeated_sint64(1);
+    message->add_repeated_fixed32(1);
+    message->add_repeated_fixed64(1);
+    message->add_repeated_sfixed32(1);
+    message->add_repeated_sfixed64(1);
+    message->add_repeated_float(1.0);
+    message->add_repeated_double(1.0);
+    message->add_repeated_bool(true);
+    message->add_repeated_nested_enum(proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO);
+  }
+
+  template <class Proto>
+  void ExpectProto3PrimitiveRepeatedFieldsSet(const Proto& message) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_int32(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_int64(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_uint32(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_uint64(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sint32(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sint64(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_fixed32(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_fixed64(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sfixed32(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sfixed64(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1.0, message.repeated_float(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1.0, message.repeated_double(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(true, message.repeated_bool(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO,
+              message.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  }
+
+  template <class Proto>
+  void TestSerialization(Proto* message, const std::string& expected) {
+    SetProto3PrimitiveRepeatedFields(message);
+
+    int size = message->ByteSize();
+
+    // Serialize using the generated code.
+    std::string generated_data;
+    {
+      io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&generated_data);
+      io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+      message->SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output);
+      ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(expected == generated_data);
+
+    // Serialize using the dynamic code.
+    std::string dynamic_data;
+    {
+      io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&dynamic_data);
+      io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+      WireFormat::SerializeWithCachedSizes(*message, size, &output);
+      ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(expected == dynamic_data);
+  }
+
+  template <class Proto>
+  void TestParsing(Proto* message, const std::string& compatible_data) {
+    message->Clear();
+    message->ParseFromString(compatible_data);
+    ExpectProto3PrimitiveRepeatedFieldsSet(*message);
+
+    message->Clear();
+    io::CodedInputStream input(
+        reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(compatible_data.data()),
+        compatible_data.size());
+    WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, message);
+    ExpectProto3PrimitiveRepeatedFieldsSet(*message);
+  }
+
+  const std::string packedTestAllTypes_;
+  const std::string packedTestUnpackedTypes_;
+  const std::string unpackedTestAllTypes_;
+  const std::string unpackedTestUnpackedTypes_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(Proto3PrimitiveRepeatedWireFormatTest, Proto3PrimitiveRepeated) {
+  proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes packed_message;
+  proto3_arena_unittest::TestUnpackedTypes unpacked_message;
+  TestSerialization(&packed_message, packedTestAllTypes_);
+  TestParsing(&packed_message, packedTestAllTypes_);
+  TestParsing(&packed_message, unpackedTestAllTypes_);
+  TestSerialization(&unpacked_message, unpackedTestUnpackedTypes_);
+  TestParsing(&unpacked_message, packedTestUnpackedTypes_);
+  TestParsing(&unpacked_message, unpackedTestUnpackedTypes_);
+}
+
+class WireFormatInvalidInputTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  // Make a serialized TestAllTypes in which the field optional_nested_message
+  // contains exactly the given bytes, which may be invalid.
+  std::string MakeInvalidEmbeddedMessage(const char* bytes, int size) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field =
+        unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor()->FindFieldByName(
+            "optional_nested_message");
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(field != NULL);
+
+    std::string result;
+
+    {
+      io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&result);
+      io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+
+      WireFormatLite::WriteBytes(field->number(), std::string(bytes, size),
+                                 &output);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Make a serialized TestAllTypes in which the field optionalgroup
+  // contains exactly the given bytes -- which may be invalid -- and
+  // possibly no end tag.
+  std::string MakeInvalidGroup(const char* bytes, int size,
+                               bool include_end_tag) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field =
+        unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor()->FindFieldByName("optionalgroup");
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(field != NULL);
+
+    std::string result;
+
+    {
+      io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&result);
+      io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+
+      output.WriteVarint32(WireFormat::MakeTag(field));
+      output.WriteString(std::string(bytes, size));
+      if (include_end_tag) {
+        output.WriteVarint32(WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+            field->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(WireFormatInvalidInputTest, InvalidSubMessage) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  // Control case.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidEmbeddedMessage("", 0)));
+
+  // The byte is a valid varint, but not a valid tag (zero).
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidEmbeddedMessage("\0", 1)));
+
+  // The byte is a malformed varint.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidEmbeddedMessage("\200", 1)));
+
+  // The byte is an endgroup tag, but we aren't parsing a group.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidEmbeddedMessage("\014", 1)));
+
+  // The byte is a valid varint but not a valid tag (bad wire type).
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidEmbeddedMessage("\017", 1)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(WireFormatInvalidInputTest, InvalidMessageWithExtraZero) {
+  std::string data;
+  {
+    // Serialize a valid proto
+    unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+    message.set_optional_int32(1);
+    message.SerializeToString(&data);
+    data.push_back(0);  // Append invalid zero tag
+  }
+
+  // Control case.
+  {
+    io::ArrayInputStream ais(data.data(), data.size());
+    io::CodedInputStream is(&ais);
+    unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+    // It should fail but currently passes.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.MergePartialFromCodedStream(&is));
+    // Parsing from the string should fail.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(WireFormatInvalidInputTest, InvalidGroup) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  // Control case.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidGroup("", 0, true)));
+
+  // Missing end tag.  Groups cannot end at EOF.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidGroup("", 0, false)));
+
+  // The byte is a valid varint, but not a valid tag (zero).
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidGroup("\0", 1, false)));
+
+  // The byte is a malformed varint.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidGroup("\200", 1, false)));
+
+  // The byte is an endgroup tag, but not the right one for this group.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidGroup("\014", 1, false)));
+
+  // The byte is a valid varint but not a valid tag (bad wire type).
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidGroup("\017", 1, true)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(WireFormatInvalidInputTest, InvalidUnknownGroup) {
+  // Use TestEmptyMessage so that the group made by MakeInvalidGroup will not
+  // be a known tag number.
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage message;
+
+  // Control case.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidGroup("", 0, true)));
+
+  // Missing end tag.  Groups cannot end at EOF.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidGroup("", 0, false)));
+
+  // The byte is a valid varint, but not a valid tag (zero).
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidGroup("\0", 1, false)));
+
+  // The byte is a malformed varint.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidGroup("\200", 1, false)));
+
+  // The byte is an endgroup tag, but not the right one for this group.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidGroup("\014", 1, false)));
+
+  // The byte is a valid varint but not a valid tag (bad wire type).
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(MakeInvalidGroup("\017", 1, true)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(WireFormatInvalidInputTest, InvalidStringInUnknownGroup) {
+  // Test a bug fix:  SkipMessage should fail if the message contains a
+  // string whose length would extend beyond the message end.
+
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  message.set_optional_string("foo foo foo foo");
+  std::string data;
+  message.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+  // Chop some bytes off the end.
+  data.resize(data.size() - 4);
+
+  // Try to skip it.  Note that the bug was only present when parsing to an
+  // UnknownFieldSet.
+  io::ArrayInputStream raw_input(data.data(), data.size());
+  io::CodedInputStream coded_input(&raw_input);
+  UnknownFieldSet unknown_fields;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(WireFormat::SkipMessage(&coded_input, &unknown_fields));
+}
+
+// Test differences between string and bytes.
+// Value of a string type must be valid UTF-8 string.  When UTF-8
+// validation is enabled (GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED):
+// WriteInvalidUTF8String:  see error message.
+// ReadInvalidUTF8String:  see error message.
+// WriteValidUTF8String: fine.
+// ReadValidUTF8String:  fine.
+// WriteAnyBytes: fine.
+// ReadAnyBytes: fine.
+const char* kInvalidUTF8String = "Invalid UTF-8: \xA0\xB0\xC0\xD0";
+// This used to be "Valid UTF-8: \x01\x02\u8C37\u6B4C", but MSVC seems to
+// interpret \u differently from GCC.
+const char* kValidUTF8String = "Valid UTF-8: \x01\x02\350\260\267\346\255\214";
+
+template <typename T>
+bool WriteMessage(const char* value, T* message, std::string* wire_buffer) {
+  message->set_data(value);
+  wire_buffer->clear();
+  message->AppendToString(wire_buffer);
+  return (wire_buffer->size() > 0);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+bool ReadMessage(const std::string& wire_buffer, T* message) {
+  return message->ParseFromArray(wire_buffer.data(), wire_buffer.size());
+}
+
+class Utf8ValidationTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  Utf8ValidationTest() {}
+  virtual ~Utf8ValidationTest() {}
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+  }
+
+};
+
+TEST_F(Utf8ValidationTest, WriteInvalidUTF8String) {
+  std::string wire_buffer;
+  protobuf_unittest::OneString input;
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog log;
+    WriteMessage(kInvalidUTF8String, &input, &wire_buffer);
+    errors = log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasPrefixString(errors[0],
+                       "String field 'protobuf_unittest.OneString.data' "
+                       "contains invalid UTF-8 data when "
+                       "serializing a protocol buffer. Use the "
+                       "'bytes' type if you intend to send raw bytes."));
+#else
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, errors.size());
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(Utf8ValidationTest, ReadInvalidUTF8String) {
+  std::string wire_buffer;
+  protobuf_unittest::OneString input;
+  WriteMessage(kInvalidUTF8String, &input, &wire_buffer);
+  protobuf_unittest::OneString output;
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog log;
+    ReadMessage(wire_buffer, &output);
+    errors = log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasPrefixString(errors[0],
+                       "String field 'protobuf_unittest.OneString.data' "
+                       "contains invalid UTF-8 data when "
+                       "parsing a protocol buffer. Use the "
+                       "'bytes' type if you intend to send raw bytes."));
+
+#else
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, errors.size());
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+}
+
+
+TEST_F(Utf8ValidationTest, WriteValidUTF8String) {
+  std::string wire_buffer;
+  protobuf_unittest::OneString input;
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog log;
+    WriteMessage(kValidUTF8String, &input, &wire_buffer);
+    errors = log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, errors.size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(Utf8ValidationTest, ReadValidUTF8String) {
+  std::string wire_buffer;
+  protobuf_unittest::OneString input;
+  WriteMessage(kValidUTF8String, &input, &wire_buffer);
+  protobuf_unittest::OneString output;
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog log;
+    ReadMessage(wire_buffer, &output);
+    errors = log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, errors.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(input.data(), output.data());
+}
+
+// Bytes: anything can pass as bytes, use invalid UTF-8 string to test
+TEST_F(Utf8ValidationTest, WriteArbitraryBytes) {
+  std::string wire_buffer;
+  protobuf_unittest::OneBytes input;
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog log;
+    WriteMessage(kInvalidUTF8String, &input, &wire_buffer);
+    errors = log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, errors.size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(Utf8ValidationTest, ReadArbitraryBytes) {
+  std::string wire_buffer;
+  protobuf_unittest::OneBytes input;
+  WriteMessage(kInvalidUTF8String, &input, &wire_buffer);
+  protobuf_unittest::OneBytes output;
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog log;
+    ReadMessage(wire_buffer, &output);
+    errors = log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, errors.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(input.data(), output.data());
+}
+
+TEST_F(Utf8ValidationTest, ParseRepeatedString) {
+  protobuf_unittest::MoreBytes input;
+  input.add_data(kValidUTF8String);
+  input.add_data(kInvalidUTF8String);
+  input.add_data(kInvalidUTF8String);
+  std::string wire_buffer = input.SerializeAsString();
+
+  protobuf_unittest::MoreString output;
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog log;
+    ReadMessage(wire_buffer, &output);
+    errors = log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, errors.size());
+#else
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, errors.size());
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+  EXPECT_EQ(wire_buffer, output.SerializeAsString());
+}
+
+// Test the old VerifyUTF8String() function, which may still be called by old
+// generated code.
+TEST_F(Utf8ValidationTest, OldVerifyUTF8String) {
+  std::string data(kInvalidUTF8String);
+
+  std::vector<std::string> errors;
+  {
+    ScopedMemoryLog log;
+    WireFormat::VerifyUTF8String(data.data(), data.size(),
+                                 WireFormat::SERIALIZE);
+    errors = log.GetMessages(ERROR);
+  }
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      HasPrefixString(errors[0],
+                       "String field contains invalid UTF-8 data when "
+                       "serializing a protocol buffer. Use the "
+                       "'bytes' type if you intend to send raw bytes."));
+#else
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, errors.size());
+#endif
+}
+
+
+TEST(RepeatedVarint, Int32) {
+  RepeatedField<int32> v;
+
+  // Insert -2^n, 2^n and 2^n-1.
+  for (int n = 0; n < 10; n++) {
+    v.Add(-(1 << n));
+    v.Add(1 << n);
+    v.Add((1 << n) - 1);
+  }
+
+  // Check consistency with the scalar Int32Size.
+  size_t expected = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
+    expected += WireFormatLite::Int32Size(v[i]);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, WireFormatLite::Int32Size(v));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedVarint, Int64) {
+  RepeatedField<int64> v;
+
+  // Insert -2^n, 2^n and 2^n-1.
+  for (int n = 0; n < 10; n++) {
+    v.Add(-(1 << n));
+    v.Add(1 << n);
+    v.Add((1 << n) - 1);
+  }
+
+  // Check consistency with the scalar Int64Size.
+  size_t expected = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
+    expected += WireFormatLite::Int64Size(v[i]);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, WireFormatLite::Int64Size(v));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedVarint, SInt32) {
+  RepeatedField<int32> v;
+
+  // Insert -2^n, 2^n and 2^n-1.
+  for (int n = 0; n < 10; n++) {
+    v.Add(-(1 << n));
+    v.Add(1 << n);
+    v.Add((1 << n) - 1);
+  }
+
+  // Check consistency with the scalar SInt32Size.
+  size_t expected = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
+    expected += WireFormatLite::SInt32Size(v[i]);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, WireFormatLite::SInt32Size(v));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedVarint, SInt64) {
+  RepeatedField<int64> v;
+
+  // Insert -2^n, 2^n and 2^n-1.
+  for (int n = 0; n < 10; n++) {
+    v.Add(-(1 << n));
+    v.Add(1 << n);
+    v.Add((1 << n) - 1);
+  }
+
+  // Check consistency with the scalar SInt64Size.
+  size_t expected = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
+    expected += WireFormatLite::SInt64Size(v[i]);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, WireFormatLite::SInt64Size(v));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedVarint, UInt32) {
+  RepeatedField<uint32> v;
+
+  // Insert 2^n and 2^n-1.
+  for (int n = 0; n < 10; n++) {
+    v.Add(1 << n);
+    v.Add((1 << n) - 1);
+  }
+
+  // Check consistency with the scalar UInt32Size.
+  size_t expected = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
+    expected += WireFormatLite::UInt32Size(v[i]);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, WireFormatLite::UInt32Size(v));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedVarint, UInt64) {
+  RepeatedField<uint64> v;
+
+  // Insert 2^n and 2^n-1.
+  for (int n = 0; n < 10; n++) {
+    v.Add(1 << n);
+    v.Add((1 << n) - 1);
+  }
+
+  // Check consistency with the scalar UInt64Size.
+  size_t expected = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
+    expected += WireFormatLite::UInt64Size(v[i]);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, WireFormatLite::UInt64Size(v));
+}
+
+TEST(RepeatedVarint, Enum) {
+  RepeatedField<int> v;
+
+  // Insert 2^n and 2^n-1.
+  for (int n = 0; n < 10; n++) {
+    v.Add(1 << n);
+    v.Add((1 << n) - 1);
+  }
+
+  // Check consistency with the scalar EnumSize.
+  size_t expected = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {
+    expected += WireFormatLite::EnumSize(v[i]);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, WireFormatLite::EnumSize(v));
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c8ce6846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2162 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+#include <google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class DoubleValueDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<DoubleValue> _instance;
+} _DoubleValue_default_instance_;
+class FloatValueDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FloatValue> _instance;
+} _FloatValue_default_instance_;
+class Int64ValueDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Int64Value> _instance;
+} _Int64Value_default_instance_;
+class UInt64ValueDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<UInt64Value> _instance;
+} _UInt64Value_default_instance_;
+class Int32ValueDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Int32Value> _instance;
+} _Int32Value_default_instance_;
+class UInt32ValueDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<UInt32Value> _instance;
+} _UInt32Value_default_instance_;
+class BoolValueDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<BoolValue> _instance;
+} _BoolValue_default_instance_;
+class StringValueDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<StringValue> _instance;
+} _StringValue_default_instance_;
+class BytesValueDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<BytesValue> _instance;
+} _BytesValue_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_BoolValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_BoolValue_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BoolValue();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BoolValue::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_BoolValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_BoolValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_BytesValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_BytesValue_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BytesValue();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BytesValue::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_BytesValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_BytesValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_DoubleValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_DoubleValue_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DoubleValue();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DoubleValue::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_DoubleValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_DoubleValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_FloatValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_FloatValue_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FloatValue();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FloatValue::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_FloatValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_FloatValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_Int32Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Int32Value_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int32Value();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int32Value::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_Int32Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_Int32Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_Int64Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Int64Value_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int64Value();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int64Value::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_Int64Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_Int64Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_StringValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_StringValue_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringValue();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringValue::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_StringValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_StringValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_UInt32Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_UInt32Value_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt32Value();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt32Value::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_UInt32Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_UInt32Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_UInt64Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_UInt64Value_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt64Value();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt64Value::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_UInt64Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_UInt64Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto[9];
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor const** file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto = nullptr;
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor const** file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto = nullptr;
+
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto::offsets[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DoubleValue, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DoubleValue, value_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FloatValue, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FloatValue, value_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int64Value, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int64Value, value_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt64Value, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt64Value, value_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int32Value, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int32Value, value_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt32Value, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt32Value, value_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BoolValue, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BoolValue, value_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringValue, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringValue, value_),
+  ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BytesValue, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BytesValue, value_),
+};
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MigrationSchema schemas[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  { 0, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DoubleValue)},
+  { 6, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FloatValue)},
+  { 12, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int64Value)},
+  { 18, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt64Value)},
+  { 24, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int32Value)},
+  { 30, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt32Value)},
+  { 36, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BoolValue)},
+  { 42, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringValue)},
+  { 48, -1, sizeof(PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BytesValue)},
+};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message const * const file_default_instances[] = {
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_DoubleValue_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_FloatValue_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Int64Value_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_UInt64Value_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_Int32Value_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_UInt32Value_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_BoolValue_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_StringValue_default_instance_),
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::_BytesValue_default_instance_),
+};
+
+const char descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
+  "\n\036google/protobuf/wrappers.proto\022\017google"
+  ".protobuf\"\034\n\013DoubleValue\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\001\""
+  "\033\n\nFloatValue\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\002\"\033\n\nInt64Val"
+  "ue\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\003\"\034\n\013UInt64Value\022\r\n\005valu"
+  "e\030\001 \001(\004\"\033\n\nInt32Value\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\005\"\034\n\013"
+  "UInt32Value\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\r\"\032\n\tBoolValue\022"
+  "\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\010\"\034\n\013StringValue\022\r\n\005value\030\001"
+  " \001(\t\"\033\n\nBytesValue\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\014B|\n\023com"
+  ".google.protobufB\rWrappersProtoP\001Z*githu"
+  "b.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/wrappers\370\001\001"
+  "\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb"
+  "\006proto3"
+  ;
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_deps[1] = {
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase*const descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_sccs[9] = {
+  &scc_info_BoolValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_BytesValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_DoubleValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_FloatValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_Int32Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_Int64Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_StringValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_UInt32Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base,
+  &scc_info_UInt64Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_once;
+static bool descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_initialized = false;
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto = {
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_initialized, descriptor_table_protodef_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto, "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto", 447,
+  &descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_once, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_sccs, descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_deps, 9, 0,
+  schemas, file_default_instances, TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto::offsets,
+  file_level_metadata_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto, 9, file_level_enum_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto, file_level_service_descriptors_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto,
+};
+
+// Force running AddDescriptors() at dynamic initialization time.
+static bool dynamic_init_dummy_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto = (  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AddDescriptors(&descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto), true);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void DoubleValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class DoubleValue::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+DoubleValue::DoubleValue()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+}
+DoubleValue::DoubleValue(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+}
+DoubleValue::DoubleValue(const DoubleValue& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  value_ = from.value_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::SharedCtor() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+
+DoubleValue::~DoubleValue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  DoubleValue* _this = reinterpret_cast< DoubleValue* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void DoubleValue::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void DoubleValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const DoubleValue& DoubleValue::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_DoubleValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void DoubleValue::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  value_ = 0;
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* DoubleValue::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // double value = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 9)) {
+          value_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::UnalignedLoad<double>(ptr);
+          ptr += sizeof(double);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* DoubleValue::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // double value = 1;
+  if (!(this->value() <= 0 && this->value() >= 0)) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteDoubleToArray(1, this->_internal_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t DoubleValue::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // double value = 1;
+  if (!(this->value() <= 0 && this->value() >= 0)) {
+    total_size += 1 + 8;
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const DoubleValue* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<DoubleValue>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::MergeFrom(const DoubleValue& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (!(from.value() <= 0 && from.value() >= 0)) {
+    _internal_set_value(from._internal_value());
+  }
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::CopyFrom(const DoubleValue& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool DoubleValue::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::InternalSwap(DoubleValue* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(value_, other->value_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata DoubleValue::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void FloatValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class FloatValue::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+FloatValue::FloatValue()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+}
+FloatValue::FloatValue(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+}
+FloatValue::FloatValue(const FloatValue& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  value_ = from.value_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+}
+
+void FloatValue::SharedCtor() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+
+FloatValue::~FloatValue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void FloatValue::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void FloatValue::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  FloatValue* _this = reinterpret_cast< FloatValue* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void FloatValue::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void FloatValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const FloatValue& FloatValue::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_FloatValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void FloatValue::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  value_ = 0;
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* FloatValue::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // float value = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 13)) {
+          value_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::UnalignedLoad<float>(ptr);
+          ptr += sizeof(float);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* FloatValue::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // float value = 1;
+  if (!(this->value() <= 0 && this->value() >= 0)) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteFloatToArray(1, this->_internal_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t FloatValue::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // float value = 1;
+  if (!(this->value() <= 0 && this->value() >= 0)) {
+    total_size += 1 + 4;
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void FloatValue::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const FloatValue* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<FloatValue>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void FloatValue::MergeFrom(const FloatValue& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (!(from.value() <= 0 && from.value() >= 0)) {
+    _internal_set_value(from._internal_value());
+  }
+}
+
+void FloatValue::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void FloatValue::CopyFrom(const FloatValue& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool FloatValue::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void FloatValue::InternalSwap(FloatValue* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(value_, other->value_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata FloatValue::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Int64Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class Int64Value::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+Int64Value::Int64Value()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+}
+Int64Value::Int64Value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+}
+Int64Value::Int64Value(const Int64Value& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  value_ = from.value_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+}
+
+void Int64Value::SharedCtor() {
+  value_ = PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(0);
+}
+
+Int64Value::~Int64Value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Int64Value::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void Int64Value::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Int64Value* _this = reinterpret_cast< Int64Value* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Int64Value::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void Int64Value::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Int64Value& Int64Value::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_Int64Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Int64Value::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  value_ = PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(0);
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Int64Value::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // int64 value = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          value_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Int64Value::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // int64 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt64ToArray(1, this->_internal_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Int64Value::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // int64 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int64Size(
+        this->_internal_value());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Int64Value::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Int64Value* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Int64Value>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Int64Value::MergeFrom(const Int64Value& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (from.value() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_value(from._internal_value());
+  }
+}
+
+void Int64Value::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Int64Value::CopyFrom(const Int64Value& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Int64Value::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Int64Value::InternalSwap(Int64Value* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(value_, other->value_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Int64Value::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void UInt64Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class UInt64Value::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+UInt64Value::UInt64Value()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+}
+UInt64Value::UInt64Value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+}
+UInt64Value::UInt64Value(const UInt64Value& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  value_ = from.value_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::SharedCtor() {
+  value_ = PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0);
+}
+
+UInt64Value::~UInt64Value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  UInt64Value* _this = reinterpret_cast< UInt64Value* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void UInt64Value::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void UInt64Value::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const UInt64Value& UInt64Value::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_UInt64Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void UInt64Value::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  value_ = PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0);
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* UInt64Value::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // uint64 value = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          value_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* UInt64Value::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // uint64 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64ToArray(1, this->_internal_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t UInt64Value::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // uint64 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::UInt64Size(
+        this->_internal_value());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const UInt64Value* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<UInt64Value>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::MergeFrom(const UInt64Value& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (from.value() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_value(from._internal_value());
+  }
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::CopyFrom(const UInt64Value& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool UInt64Value::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::InternalSwap(UInt64Value* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(value_, other->value_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata UInt64Value::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Int32Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class Int32Value::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+Int32Value::Int32Value()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+}
+Int32Value::Int32Value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+}
+Int32Value::Int32Value(const Int32Value& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  value_ = from.value_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+}
+
+void Int32Value::SharedCtor() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+
+Int32Value::~Int32Value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Int32Value::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void Int32Value::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Int32Value* _this = reinterpret_cast< Int32Value* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Int32Value::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void Int32Value::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const Int32Value& Int32Value::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_Int32Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void Int32Value::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  value_ = 0;
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* Int32Value::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // int32 value = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          value_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* Int32Value::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // int32 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(1, this->_internal_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t Int32Value::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // int32 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+        this->_internal_value());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Int32Value::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const Int32Value* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<Int32Value>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Int32Value::MergeFrom(const Int32Value& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (from.value() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_value(from._internal_value());
+  }
+}
+
+void Int32Value::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Int32Value::CopyFrom(const Int32Value& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Int32Value::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Int32Value::InternalSwap(Int32Value* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(value_, other->value_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Int32Value::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void UInt32Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class UInt32Value::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+UInt32Value::UInt32Value()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+}
+UInt32Value::UInt32Value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+}
+UInt32Value::UInt32Value(const UInt32Value& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  value_ = from.value_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::SharedCtor() {
+  value_ = 0u;
+}
+
+UInt32Value::~UInt32Value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  UInt32Value* _this = reinterpret_cast< UInt32Value* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void UInt32Value::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void UInt32Value::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const UInt32Value& UInt32Value::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_UInt32Value_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void UInt32Value::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  value_ = 0u;
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* UInt32Value::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // uint32 value = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          value_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* UInt32Value::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // uint32 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32ToArray(1, this->_internal_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t UInt32Value::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // uint32 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::UInt32Size(
+        this->_internal_value());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const UInt32Value* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<UInt32Value>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::MergeFrom(const UInt32Value& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (from.value() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_value(from._internal_value());
+  }
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::CopyFrom(const UInt32Value& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool UInt32Value::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::InternalSwap(UInt32Value* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(value_, other->value_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata UInt32Value::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void BoolValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class BoolValue::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+BoolValue::BoolValue()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+}
+BoolValue::BoolValue(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+}
+BoolValue::BoolValue(const BoolValue& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  value_ = from.value_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+}
+
+void BoolValue::SharedCtor() {
+  value_ = false;
+}
+
+BoolValue::~BoolValue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void BoolValue::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+}
+
+void BoolValue::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  BoolValue* _this = reinterpret_cast< BoolValue* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void BoolValue::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void BoolValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const BoolValue& BoolValue::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_BoolValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void BoolValue::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  value_ = false;
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* BoolValue::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // bool value = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 8)) {
+          value_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* BoolValue::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // bool value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(1, this->_internal_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t BoolValue::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // bool value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 + 1;
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void BoolValue::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const BoolValue* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<BoolValue>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void BoolValue::MergeFrom(const BoolValue& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (from.value() != 0) {
+    _internal_set_value(from._internal_value());
+  }
+}
+
+void BoolValue::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void BoolValue::CopyFrom(const BoolValue& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool BoolValue::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BoolValue::InternalSwap(BoolValue* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(value_, other->value_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata BoolValue::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void StringValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class StringValue::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+StringValue::StringValue()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+}
+StringValue::StringValue(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+}
+StringValue::StringValue(const StringValue& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_value().empty()) {
+    value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_value(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+}
+
+void StringValue::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_StringValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base);
+  value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+StringValue::~StringValue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void StringValue::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  value_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void StringValue::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  StringValue* _this = reinterpret_cast< StringValue* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void StringValue::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void StringValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const StringValue& StringValue::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_StringValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void StringValue::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  value_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* StringValue::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // string value = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_value();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "google.protobuf.StringValue.value"));
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* StringValue::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string value = 1;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_value().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_value().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.StringValue.value");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t StringValue::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // string value = 1;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_value());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void StringValue::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const StringValue* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<StringValue>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void StringValue::MergeFrom(const StringValue& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (from.value().size() > 0) {
+    _internal_set_value(from._internal_value());
+  }
+}
+
+void StringValue::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void StringValue::CopyFrom(const StringValue& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool StringValue::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void StringValue::InternalSwap(StringValue* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  value_.Swap(&other->value_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata StringValue::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void BytesValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class BytesValue::_Internal {
+ public:
+};
+
+BytesValue::BytesValue()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+}
+BytesValue::BytesValue(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+}
+BytesValue::BytesValue(const BytesValue& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (!from._internal_value().empty()) {
+    value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from._internal_value(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+}
+
+void BytesValue::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_BytesValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base);
+  value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+BytesValue::~BytesValue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void BytesValue::SharedDtor() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == nullptr);
+  value_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void BytesValue::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  BytesValue* _this = reinterpret_cast< BytesValue* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void BytesValue::RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena*) {
+}
+void BytesValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const BytesValue& BytesValue::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_BytesValue_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void BytesValue::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  value_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* BytesValue::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual(); (void)arena;
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // bytes value = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_value();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* BytesValue::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // bytes value = 1;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    target = stream->WriteBytesMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t BytesValue::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  // bytes value = 1;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::BytesSize(
+        this->_internal_value());
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void BytesValue::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const BytesValue* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<BytesValue>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void BytesValue::MergeFrom(const BytesValue& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (from.value().size() > 0) {
+    _internal_set_value(from._internal_value());
+  }
+}
+
+void BytesValue::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void BytesValue::CopyFrom(const BytesValue& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool BytesValue::IsInitialized() const {
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BytesValue::InternalSwap(BytesValue* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  value_.Swap(&other->value_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata BytesValue::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DoubleValue* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DoubleValue >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DoubleValue >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FloatValue* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FloatValue >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FloatValue >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int64Value* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int64Value >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int64Value >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt64Value* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt64Value >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt64Value >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int32Value* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int32Value >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int32Value >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt32Value* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt32Value >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt32Value >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BoolValue* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BoolValue >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BoolValue >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringValue* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringValue >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringValue >(arena);
+}
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BytesValue* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BytesValue >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateMessageInternal< PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BytesValue >(arena);
+}
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd03416d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1864 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3011000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3011004 < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto PROTOBUF_EXPORT
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace internal {
+class AnyMetadata;
+}  // namespace internal
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
+struct PROTOBUF_EXPORT TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto {
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTableField entries[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTable schema[9]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 offsets[];
+};
+extern PROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+class BoolValue;
+class BoolValueDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern BoolValueDefaultTypeInternal _BoolValue_default_instance_;
+class BytesValue;
+class BytesValueDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern BytesValueDefaultTypeInternal _BytesValue_default_instance_;
+class DoubleValue;
+class DoubleValueDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern DoubleValueDefaultTypeInternal _DoubleValue_default_instance_;
+class FloatValue;
+class FloatValueDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern FloatValueDefaultTypeInternal _FloatValue_default_instance_;
+class Int32Value;
+class Int32ValueDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern Int32ValueDefaultTypeInternal _Int32Value_default_instance_;
+class Int64Value;
+class Int64ValueDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern Int64ValueDefaultTypeInternal _Int64Value_default_instance_;
+class StringValue;
+class StringValueDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern StringValueDefaultTypeInternal _StringValue_default_instance_;
+class UInt32Value;
+class UInt32ValueDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern UInt32ValueDefaultTypeInternal _UInt32Value_default_instance_;
+class UInt64Value;
+class UInt64ValueDefaultTypeInternal;
+PROTOBUF_EXPORT extern UInt64ValueDefaultTypeInternal _UInt64Value_default_instance_;
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BoolValue* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BoolValue>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BytesValue* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::BytesValue>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DoubleValue* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DoubleValue>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FloatValue* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::FloatValue>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int32Value* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int32Value>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int64Value* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Int64Value>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringValue* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringValue>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt32Value* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt32Value>(Arena*);
+template<> PROTOBUF_EXPORT PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt64Value* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UInt64Value>(Arena*);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT DoubleValue :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.DoubleValue) */ {
+ public:
+  DoubleValue();
+  virtual ~DoubleValue();
+
+  DoubleValue(const DoubleValue& from);
+  DoubleValue(DoubleValue&& from) noexcept
+    : DoubleValue() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline DoubleValue& operator=(const DoubleValue& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline DoubleValue& operator=(DoubleValue&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const DoubleValue& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const DoubleValue* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const DoubleValue*>(
+               &_DoubleValue_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    0;
+
+  friend void swap(DoubleValue& a, DoubleValue& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(DoubleValue* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(DoubleValue* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline DoubleValue* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<DoubleValue>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  DoubleValue* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<DoubleValue>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const DoubleValue& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const DoubleValue& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(DoubleValue* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.DoubleValue";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit DoubleValue(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kValueFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // double value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  double value() const;
+  void set_value(double value);
+  private:
+  double _internal_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_value(double value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  double value_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT FloatValue :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.FloatValue) */ {
+ public:
+  FloatValue();
+  virtual ~FloatValue();
+
+  FloatValue(const FloatValue& from);
+  FloatValue(FloatValue&& from) noexcept
+    : FloatValue() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline FloatValue& operator=(const FloatValue& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline FloatValue& operator=(FloatValue&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const FloatValue& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const FloatValue* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const FloatValue*>(
+               &_FloatValue_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    1;
+
+  friend void swap(FloatValue& a, FloatValue& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(FloatValue* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(FloatValue* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline FloatValue* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<FloatValue>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  FloatValue* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<FloatValue>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const FloatValue& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const FloatValue& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(FloatValue* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.FloatValue";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit FloatValue(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kValueFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // float value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  float value() const;
+  void set_value(float value);
+  private:
+  float _internal_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_value(float value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  float value_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Int64Value :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Int64Value) */ {
+ public:
+  Int64Value();
+  virtual ~Int64Value();
+
+  Int64Value(const Int64Value& from);
+  Int64Value(Int64Value&& from) noexcept
+    : Int64Value() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Int64Value& operator=(const Int64Value& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Int64Value& operator=(Int64Value&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Int64Value& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Int64Value* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Int64Value*>(
+               &_Int64Value_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    2;
+
+  friend void swap(Int64Value& a, Int64Value& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Int64Value* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Int64Value* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Int64Value* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Int64Value>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Int64Value* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Int64Value>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Int64Value& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Int64Value& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Int64Value* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Int64Value";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit Int64Value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kValueFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // int64 value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value() const;
+  void set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 _internal_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT UInt64Value :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.UInt64Value) */ {
+ public:
+  UInt64Value();
+  virtual ~UInt64Value();
+
+  UInt64Value(const UInt64Value& from);
+  UInt64Value(UInt64Value&& from) noexcept
+    : UInt64Value() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline UInt64Value& operator=(const UInt64Value& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline UInt64Value& operator=(UInt64Value&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const UInt64Value& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const UInt64Value* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const UInt64Value*>(
+               &_UInt64Value_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    3;
+
+  friend void swap(UInt64Value& a, UInt64Value& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(UInt64Value* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(UInt64Value* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline UInt64Value* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<UInt64Value>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  UInt64Value* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<UInt64Value>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const UInt64Value& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const UInt64Value& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(UInt64Value* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.UInt64Value";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit UInt64Value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kValueFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // uint64 value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 value() const;
+  void set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 _internal_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 value_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Int32Value :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.Int32Value) */ {
+ public:
+  Int32Value();
+  virtual ~Int32Value();
+
+  Int32Value(const Int32Value& from);
+  Int32Value(Int32Value&& from) noexcept
+    : Int32Value() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline Int32Value& operator=(const Int32Value& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline Int32Value& operator=(Int32Value&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const Int32Value& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const Int32Value* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const Int32Value*>(
+               &_Int32Value_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    4;
+
+  friend void swap(Int32Value& a, Int32Value& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(Int32Value* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Int32Value* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Int32Value* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Int32Value>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  Int32Value* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<Int32Value>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const Int32Value& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Int32Value& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(Int32Value* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.Int32Value";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit Int32Value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kValueFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // int32 value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value() const;
+  void set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 _internal_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT UInt32Value :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.UInt32Value) */ {
+ public:
+  UInt32Value();
+  virtual ~UInt32Value();
+
+  UInt32Value(const UInt32Value& from);
+  UInt32Value(UInt32Value&& from) noexcept
+    : UInt32Value() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline UInt32Value& operator=(const UInt32Value& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline UInt32Value& operator=(UInt32Value&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const UInt32Value& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const UInt32Value* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const UInt32Value*>(
+               &_UInt32Value_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    5;
+
+  friend void swap(UInt32Value& a, UInt32Value& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(UInt32Value* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(UInt32Value* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline UInt32Value* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<UInt32Value>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  UInt32Value* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<UInt32Value>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const UInt32Value& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const UInt32Value& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(UInt32Value* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.UInt32Value";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit UInt32Value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kValueFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // uint32 value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 value() const;
+  void set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 _internal_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 value_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT BoolValue :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.BoolValue) */ {
+ public:
+  BoolValue();
+  virtual ~BoolValue();
+
+  BoolValue(const BoolValue& from);
+  BoolValue(BoolValue&& from) noexcept
+    : BoolValue() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline BoolValue& operator=(const BoolValue& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline BoolValue& operator=(BoolValue&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const BoolValue& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const BoolValue* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const BoolValue*>(
+               &_BoolValue_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    6;
+
+  friend void swap(BoolValue& a, BoolValue& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(BoolValue* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(BoolValue* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline BoolValue* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<BoolValue>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  BoolValue* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<BoolValue>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const BoolValue& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const BoolValue& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(BoolValue* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.BoolValue";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit BoolValue(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kValueFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // bool value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  bool value() const;
+  void set_value(bool value);
+  private:
+  bool _internal_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_value(bool value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  bool value_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT StringValue :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.StringValue) */ {
+ public:
+  StringValue();
+  virtual ~StringValue();
+
+  StringValue(const StringValue& from);
+  StringValue(StringValue&& from) noexcept
+    : StringValue() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline StringValue& operator=(const StringValue& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline StringValue& operator=(StringValue&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const StringValue& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const StringValue* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const StringValue*>(
+               &_StringValue_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    7;
+
+  friend void swap(StringValue& a, StringValue& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(StringValue* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(StringValue* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline StringValue* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<StringValue>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  StringValue* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<StringValue>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const StringValue& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const StringValue& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(StringValue* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.StringValue";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit StringValue(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kValueFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // string value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  const std::string& value() const;
+  void set_value(const std::string& value);
+  void set_value(std::string&& value);
+  void set_value(const char* value);
+  void set_value(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_value();
+  std::string* release_value();
+  void set_allocated_value(std::string* value);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_value();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_value(
+      std::string* value);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_value(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_value();
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr value_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PROTOBUF_EXPORT BytesValue :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:google.protobuf.BytesValue) */ {
+ public:
+  BytesValue();
+  virtual ~BytesValue();
+
+  BytesValue(const BytesValue& from);
+  BytesValue(BytesValue&& from) noexcept
+    : BytesValue() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline BytesValue& operator=(const BytesValue& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline BytesValue& operator=(BytesValue&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArena() const final {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const final {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const BytesValue& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const BytesValue* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const BytesValue*>(
+               &_BytesValue_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    8;
+
+  friend void swap(BytesValue& a, BytesValue& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(BytesValue* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      InternalSwap(other);
+    } else {
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GenericSwap(this, other);
+    }
+  }
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(BytesValue* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline BytesValue* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<BytesValue>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  BytesValue* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<BytesValue>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const BytesValue& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const BytesValue& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(BytesValue* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "google.protobuf.BytesValue";
+  }
+  protected:
+  explicit BytesValue(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kValueFieldNumber = 1,
+  };
+  // bytes value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  const std::string& value() const;
+  void set_value(const std::string& value);
+  void set_value(std::string&& value);
+  void set_value(const char* value);
+  void set_value(const void* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_value();
+  std::string* release_value();
+  void set_allocated_value(std::string* value);
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  std::string* unsafe_arena_release_value();
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_RUNTIME_DEPRECATED("The unsafe_arena_ accessors for"
+  "    string fields are deprecated and will be removed in a"
+  "    future release.")
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_value(
+      std::string* value);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_value() const;
+  void _internal_set_value(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_value();
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  template <typename T> friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena::InternalHelper;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr value_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// DoubleValue
+
+// double value = 1;
+inline void DoubleValue::clear_value() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+inline double DoubleValue::_internal_value() const {
+  return value_;
+}
+inline double DoubleValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DoubleValue.value)
+  return _internal_value();
+}
+inline void DoubleValue::_internal_set_value(double value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+}
+inline void DoubleValue::set_value(double value) {
+  _internal_set_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DoubleValue.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// FloatValue
+
+// float value = 1;
+inline void FloatValue::clear_value() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+inline float FloatValue::_internal_value() const {
+  return value_;
+}
+inline float FloatValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FloatValue.value)
+  return _internal_value();
+}
+inline void FloatValue::_internal_set_value(float value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+}
+inline void FloatValue::set_value(float value) {
+  _internal_set_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FloatValue.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Int64Value
+
+// int64 value = 1;
+inline void Int64Value::clear_value() {
+  value_ = PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(0);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 Int64Value::_internal_value() const {
+  return value_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 Int64Value::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Int64Value.value)
+  return _internal_value();
+}
+inline void Int64Value::_internal_set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+}
+inline void Int64Value::set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value) {
+  _internal_set_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Int64Value.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// UInt64Value
+
+// uint64 value = 1;
+inline void UInt64Value::clear_value() {
+  value_ = PROTOBUF_ULONGLONG(0);
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 UInt64Value::_internal_value() const {
+  return value_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 UInt64Value::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UInt64Value.value)
+  return _internal_value();
+}
+inline void UInt64Value::_internal_set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+}
+inline void UInt64Value::set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint64 value) {
+  _internal_set_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UInt64Value.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Int32Value
+
+// int32 value = 1;
+inline void Int32Value::clear_value() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Int32Value::_internal_value() const {
+  return value_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 Int32Value::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Int32Value.value)
+  return _internal_value();
+}
+inline void Int32Value::_internal_set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+}
+inline void Int32Value::set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int32 value) {
+  _internal_set_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Int32Value.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// UInt32Value
+
+// uint32 value = 1;
+inline void UInt32Value::clear_value() {
+  value_ = 0u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 UInt32Value::_internal_value() const {
+  return value_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 UInt32Value::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UInt32Value.value)
+  return _internal_value();
+}
+inline void UInt32Value::_internal_set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+}
+inline void UInt32Value::set_value(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 value) {
+  _internal_set_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UInt32Value.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// BoolValue
+
+// bool value = 1;
+inline void BoolValue::clear_value() {
+  value_ = false;
+}
+inline bool BoolValue::_internal_value() const {
+  return value_;
+}
+inline bool BoolValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.BoolValue.value)
+  return _internal_value();
+}
+inline void BoolValue::_internal_set_value(bool value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+}
+inline void BoolValue::set_value(bool value) {
+  _internal_set_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.BoolValue.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// StringValue
+
+// string value = 1;
+inline void StringValue::clear_value() {
+  value_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline const std::string& StringValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+  return _internal_value();
+}
+inline void StringValue::set_value(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+}
+inline std::string* StringValue::mutable_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+  return _internal_mutable_value();
+}
+inline const std::string& StringValue::_internal_value() const {
+  return value_.Get();
+}
+inline void StringValue::_internal_set_value(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void StringValue::set_value(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  value_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+}
+inline void StringValue::set_value(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+}
+inline void StringValue::set_value(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  
+  value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+}
+inline std::string* StringValue::_internal_mutable_value() {
+  
+  return value_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* StringValue::release_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+  
+  return value_.Release(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void StringValue::set_allocated_value(std::string* value) {
+  if (value != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  value_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+}
+inline std::string* StringValue::unsafe_arena_release_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  
+  return value_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void StringValue::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_value(
+    std::string* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (value != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  value_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// BytesValue
+
+// bytes value = 1;
+inline void BytesValue::clear_value() {
+  value_.ClearToEmpty(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline const std::string& BytesValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+  return _internal_value();
+}
+inline void BytesValue::set_value(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_value(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+}
+inline std::string* BytesValue::mutable_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+  return _internal_mutable_value();
+}
+inline const std::string& BytesValue::_internal_value() const {
+  return value_.Get();
+}
+inline void BytesValue::_internal_set_value(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void BytesValue::set_value(std::string&& value) {
+  
+  value_.Set(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+}
+inline void BytesValue::set_value(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  
+  value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+}
+inline void BytesValue::set_value(const void* value,
+    size_t size) {
+  
+  value_.Set(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+}
+inline std::string* BytesValue::_internal_mutable_value() {
+  
+  return value_.Mutable(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline std::string* BytesValue::release_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+  
+  return value_.Release(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void BytesValue::set_allocated_value(std::string* value) {
+  if (value != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  value_.SetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+}
+inline std::string* BytesValue::unsafe_arena_release_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  
+  return value_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline void BytesValue::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_value(
+    std::string* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != nullptr);
+  if (value != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  value_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ee41e384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Wrappers for primitive (non-message) types. These types are useful
+// for embedding primitives in the `google.protobuf.Any` type and for places
+// where we need to distinguish between the absence of a primitive
+// typed field and its default value.
+//
+// These wrappers have no meaningful use within repeated fields as they lack
+// the ability to detect presence on individual elements.
+// These wrappers have no meaningful use within a map or a oneof since
+// individual entries of a map or fields of a oneof can already detect presence.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option go_package = "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/wrappers";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option java_outer_classname = "WrappersProto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+// Wrapper message for `double`.
+//
+// The JSON representation for `DoubleValue` is JSON number.
+message DoubleValue {
+  // The double value.
+  double value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for `float`.
+//
+// The JSON representation for `FloatValue` is JSON number.
+message FloatValue {
+  // The float value.
+  float value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for `int64`.
+//
+// The JSON representation for `Int64Value` is JSON string.
+message Int64Value {
+  // The int64 value.
+  int64 value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for `uint64`.
+//
+// The JSON representation for `UInt64Value` is JSON string.
+message UInt64Value {
+  // The uint64 value.
+  uint64 value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for `int32`.
+//
+// The JSON representation for `Int32Value` is JSON number.
+message Int32Value {
+  // The int32 value.
+  int32 value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for `uint32`.
+//
+// The JSON representation for `UInt32Value` is JSON number.
+message UInt32Value {
+  // The uint32 value.
+  uint32 value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for `bool`.
+//
+// The JSON representation for `BoolValue` is JSON `true` and `false`.
+message BoolValue {
+  // The bool value.
+  bool value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for `string`.
+//
+// The JSON representation for `StringValue` is JSON string.
+message StringValue {
+  // The string value.
+  string value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for `bytes`.
+//
+// The JSON representation for `BytesValue` is JSON string.
+message BytesValue {
+  // The bytes value.
+  bytes value = 1;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/libprotobuf-lite.map b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/libprotobuf-lite.map
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..391554669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/libprotobuf-lite.map
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  global:
+    extern "C++" {
+      *google*;
+    };
+
+  local:
+    *;
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/libprotobuf.map b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/libprotobuf.map
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..391554669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/libprotobuf.map
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  global:
+    extern "C++" {
+      *google*;
+    };
+
+  local:
+    *;
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/libprotoc.map b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/libprotoc.map
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..391554669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/src/libprotoc.map
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  global:
+    extern "C++" {
+      *google*;
+    };
+
+  local:
+    *;
+};
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/tests.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/tests.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..878543922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/tests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,948 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Build and runs tests for the protobuf project. We use this script to run
+# tests on kokoro (Ubuntu and MacOS). It can run locally as well but you
+# will need to make sure the required compilers/tools are available.
+
+# For when some other test needs the C++ main build, including protoc and
+# libprotobuf.
+LAST_RELEASED=3.9.0
+
+internal_build_cpp() {
+  if [ -f src/protoc ]; then
+    # Already built.
+    return
+  fi
+
+  # Initialize any submodules.
+  git submodule update --init --recursive
+
+  ./autogen.sh
+  ./configure CXXFLAGS="-fPIC -std=c++11"  # -fPIC is needed for python cpp test.
+                                           # See python/setup.py for more details
+  make -j$(nproc)
+}
+
+build_cpp() {
+  internal_build_cpp
+  make check -j$(nproc) || (cat src/test-suite.log; false)
+  cd conformance && make test_cpp && cd ..
+
+  # The benchmark code depends on cmake, so test if it is installed before
+  # trying to do the build.
+  if [[ $(type cmake 2>/dev/null) ]]; then
+    # Verify benchmarking code can build successfully.
+    cd benchmarks && make cpp-benchmark && cd ..
+  else
+    echo ""
+    echo "WARNING: Skipping validation of the bench marking code, cmake isn't installed."
+    echo ""
+  fi
+}
+
+build_cpp_tcmalloc() {
+  internal_build_cpp
+  ./configure LIBS=-ltcmalloc && make clean && make \
+      PTHREAD_CFLAGS='-pthread -DGOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HEAP_CHECK_DRACONIAN' \
+      check
+  cd src
+  PPROF_PATH=/usr/bin/google-pprof HEAPCHECK=strict ./protobuf-test
+}
+
+build_cpp_distcheck() {
+  grep -q -- "-Og" src/Makefile.am &&
+    echo "The -Og flag is incompatible with Clang versions older than 4.0." &&
+    exit 1
+
+  # Initialize any submodules.
+  git submodule update --init --recursive
+  ./autogen.sh
+  ./configure
+  make dist
+
+  # List all files that should be included in the distribution package.
+  git ls-files | grep "^\(java\|python\|objectivec\|csharp\|js\|ruby\|php\|cmake\|examples\|src/google/protobuf/.*\.proto\)" |\
+    grep -v ".gitignore" | grep -v "java/compatibility_tests" | grep -v "java/lite/proguard.pgcfg" |\
+    grep -v "python/compatibility_tests" | grep -v "csharp/compatibility_tests" > dist.lst
+  # Unzip the dist tar file.
+  DIST=`ls *.tar.gz`
+  tar -xf $DIST
+  cd ${DIST//.tar.gz}
+  # Check if every file exists in the dist tar file.
+  FILES_MISSING=""
+  for FILE in $(<../dist.lst); do
+    [ -f "$FILE" ] || {
+      echo "$FILE is not found!"
+      FILES_MISSING="$FILE $FILES_MISSING"
+    }
+  done
+  cd ..
+  if [ ! -z "$FILES_MISSING" ]; then
+    echo "Missing files in EXTRA_DIST: $FILES_MISSING"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  # Do the regular dist-check for C++.
+  make distcheck -j$(nproc)
+}
+
+build_dist_install() {
+  # Initialize any submodules.
+  git submodule update --init --recursive
+  ./autogen.sh
+  ./configure
+  make dist
+
+  # Unzip the dist tar file and install it.
+  DIST=`ls *.tar.gz`
+  tar -xf $DIST
+  pushd ${DIST//.tar.gz}
+  ./configure && make check -j4 && make install
+
+  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib
+
+  # Try to install Java
+  pushd java
+  use_java jdk7
+  $MVN install
+  popd
+
+  # Try to install Python
+  virtualenv --no-site-packages venv
+  source venv/bin/activate
+  pushd python
+  python setup.py clean build sdist
+  pip install dist/protobuf-*.tar.gz
+  popd
+  deactivate
+  rm -rf python/venv
+}
+
+build_csharp() {
+  # Required for conformance tests and to regenerate protos.
+  internal_build_cpp
+  NUGET=/usr/local/bin/nuget.exe
+
+  # Disable some unwanted dotnet options
+  export DOTNET_SKIP_FIRST_TIME_EXPERIENCE=true
+  export DOTNET_CLI_TELEMETRY_OPTOUT=true
+
+  # TODO(jtattermusch): is this still needed with "first time experience"
+  # disabled?
+  # Perform "dotnet new" once to get the setup preprocessing out of the
+  # way. That spews a lot of output (including backspaces) into logs
+  # otherwise, and can cause problems. It doesn't matter if this step
+  # is performed multiple times; it's cheap after the first time anyway.
+  # (It also doesn't matter if it's unnecessary, which it will be on some
+  # systems. It's necessary on Jenkins in order to avoid unprintable
+  # characters appearing in the JUnit output.)
+  mkdir dotnettmp
+  (cd dotnettmp; dotnet new > /dev/null)
+  rm -rf dotnettmp
+
+  # Check that the protos haven't broken C# codegen.
+  # TODO(jonskeet): Fail if regenerating creates any changes.
+  csharp/generate_protos.sh
+
+  csharp/buildall.sh
+  cd conformance && make test_csharp && cd ..
+
+  # Run csharp compatibility test between 3.0.0 and the current version.
+  csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test.sh 3.0.0
+
+  # Run csharp compatibility test between last released and the current version.
+  csharp/compatibility_tests/v3.0.0/test.sh $LAST_RELEASED
+}
+
+build_golang() {
+  # Go build needs `protoc`.
+  internal_build_cpp
+  # Add protoc to the path so that the examples build finds it.
+  export PATH="`pwd`/src:$PATH"
+
+  export GOPATH="$HOME/gocode"
+  mkdir -p "$GOPATH/src/github.com/protocolbuffers"
+  rm -f "$GOPATH/src/github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf"
+  ln -s "`pwd`" "$GOPATH/src/github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf"
+  export PATH="$GOPATH/bin:$PATH"
+  go get github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go
+
+  cd examples && PROTO_PATH="-I../src -I." make gotest && cd ..
+}
+
+use_java() {
+  version=$1
+  case "$version" in
+    jdk8)
+      export PATH=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin:$PATH
+      export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64
+      ;;
+    jdk7)
+      export PATH=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin:$PATH
+      export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64
+      ;;
+    oracle7)
+      export PATH=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/bin:$PATH
+      export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64
+      ;;
+  esac
+
+  MAVEN_LOCAL_REPOSITORY=/var/maven_local_repository
+  MVN="$MVN -e -X -Dhttps.protocols=TLSv1.2 -Dmaven.repo.local=$MAVEN_LOCAL_REPOSITORY"
+
+  which java
+  java -version
+  $MVN -version
+}
+
+# --batch-mode supresses download progress output that spams the logs.
+MVN="mvn --batch-mode"
+
+build_java() {
+  version=$1
+  dir=java_$version
+  # Java build needs `protoc`.
+  internal_build_cpp
+  cp -r java $dir
+  cd $dir && $MVN clean && $MVN test
+  cd ../..
+}
+
+# The conformance tests are hard-coded to work with the $ROOT/java directory.
+# So this can't run in parallel with two different sets of tests.
+build_java_with_conformance_tests() {
+  # Java build needs `protoc`.
+  internal_build_cpp
+  # This local installation avoids the problem caused by a new version not yet in Maven Central
+  cd java/bom && $MVN install
+  cd ../..
+  cd java && $MVN test && $MVN install
+  cd util && $MVN package assembly:single
+  cd ../..
+  cd conformance && make test_java && cd ..
+}
+
+build_java_jdk7() {
+  use_java jdk7
+  build_java_with_conformance_tests
+}
+build_java_oracle7() {
+  use_java oracle7
+  build_java oracle7
+}
+build_java_compatibility() {
+  use_java jdk7
+  internal_build_cpp
+  # Use the unit-tests extraced from 2.5.0 to test the compatibilty between
+  # 3.0.0-beta-4 and the current version.
+  cd java/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0
+  ./test.sh 3.0.0-beta-4
+
+  # Test the last released and current version.
+  ./test.sh $LAST_RELEASED
+}
+build_java_linkage_monitor() {
+  # Linkage Monitor checks compatibility with other Google libraries
+  # https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/cloud-opensource-java/tree/master/linkage-monitor
+
+  use_java jdk8
+  internal_build_cpp
+
+  # Linkage Monitor uses $HOME/.m2 local repository
+  MVN="mvn -e -B -Dhttps.protocols=TLSv1.2"
+  cd java
+  # Sets java artifact version with SNAPSHOT, as Linkage Monitor looks for SNAPSHOT versions.
+  # Example: "3.9.0" (without 'rc')
+  VERSION=`grep '<version>' pom.xml |head -1 |perl -nle 'print $1 if m/<version>(\d+\.\d+.\d+)/'`
+  cd bom
+  # This local installation avoids the problem caused by a new version not yet in Maven Central
+  # https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/6627
+  $MVN install
+  $MVN versions:set -DnewVersion=${VERSION}-SNAPSHOT
+  cd ..
+  $MVN versions:set -DnewVersion=${VERSION}-SNAPSHOT
+  # Installs the snapshot version locally
+  $MVN install -Dmaven.test.skip=true
+
+  # Linkage Monitor uses the snapshot versions installed in $HOME/.m2 to verify compatibility
+  JAR=linkage-monitor-latest-all-deps.jar
+  curl -v -O "https://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-opensource-java-linkage-monitor/${JAR}"
+  # Fails if there's new linkage errors compared with baseline
+  java -jar $JAR com.google.cloud:libraries-bom
+}
+
+build_objectivec_ios() {
+  # Reused the build script that takes care of configuring and ensuring things
+  # are up to date.  The OS X test runs the objc conformance test, so skip it
+  # here.
+  objectivec/DevTools/full_mac_build.sh \
+      --core-only --skip-xcode-osx --skip-xcode-tvos --skip-objc-conformance "$@"
+}
+
+build_objectivec_ios_debug() {
+  build_objectivec_ios --skip-xcode-release
+}
+
+build_objectivec_ios_release() {
+  build_objectivec_ios --skip-xcode-debug
+}
+
+build_objectivec_osx() {
+  # Reused the build script that takes care of configuring and ensuring things
+  # are up to date.
+  objectivec/DevTools/full_mac_build.sh \
+      --core-only --skip-xcode-ios --skip-xcode-tvos
+}
+
+build_objectivec_tvos() {
+  # Reused the build script that takes care of configuring and ensuring things
+  # are up to date.  The OS X test runs the objc conformance test, so skip it
+  # here.
+  objectivec/DevTools/full_mac_build.sh \
+      --core-only --skip-xcode-ios --skip-xcode-osx --skip-objc-conformance "$@"
+}
+
+build_objectivec_tvos_debug() {
+  build_objectivec_tvos --skip-xcode-release
+}
+
+build_objectivec_tvos_release() {
+  build_objectivec_tvos --skip-xcode-debug
+}
+
+build_objectivec_cocoapods_integration() {
+  # Update pod to the latest version.
+  gem install cocoapods --no_document
+  objectivec/Tests/CocoaPods/run_tests.sh
+}
+
+build_python() {
+  internal_build_cpp
+  cd python
+  if [ $(uname -s) == "Linux" ]; then
+    envlist=py\{27,33,34,35,36\}-python
+  else
+    envlist=py27-python
+  fi
+  tox -e $envlist
+  cd ..
+}
+
+build_python_version() {
+  internal_build_cpp
+  cd python
+  envlist=$1
+  tox -e $envlist
+  cd ..
+}
+
+build_python27() {
+  build_python_version py27-python
+}
+
+build_python33() {
+  build_python_version py33-python
+}
+
+build_python34() {
+  build_python_version py34-python
+}
+
+build_python35() {
+  build_python_version py35-python
+}
+
+build_python36() {
+  build_python_version py36-python
+}
+
+build_python37() {
+  build_python_version py37-python
+}
+
+build_python38() {
+  build_python_version py38-python
+}
+
+build_python_cpp() {
+  internal_build_cpp
+  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=../src/.libs # for Linux
+  export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=../src/.libs # for OS X
+  cd python
+  if [ $(uname -s) == "Linux" ]; then
+    envlist=py\{27,33,34,35,36\}-cpp
+  else
+    envlist=py27-cpp
+  fi
+  tox -e $envlist
+  cd ..
+}
+
+build_python_cpp_version() {
+  internal_build_cpp
+  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=../src/.libs # for Linux
+  export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=../src/.libs # for OS X
+  cd python
+  envlist=$1
+  tox -e $envlist
+  cd ..
+}
+
+build_python27_cpp() {
+  build_python_cpp_version py27-cpp
+}
+
+build_python33_cpp() {
+  build_python_cpp_version py33-cpp
+}
+
+build_python34_cpp() {
+  build_python_cpp_version py34-cpp
+}
+
+build_python35_cpp() {
+  build_python_cpp_version py35-cpp
+}
+
+build_python36_cpp() {
+  build_python_cpp_version py36-cpp
+}
+
+build_python37_cpp() {
+  build_python_cpp_version py37-cpp
+}
+
+build_python38_cpp() {
+  build_python_cpp_version py38-cpp
+}
+
+build_python_compatibility() {
+  internal_build_cpp
+  # Use the unit-tests extraced from 2.5.0 to test the compatibilty.
+  cd python/compatibility_tests/v2.5.0
+  # Test between 2.5.0 and the current version.
+  ./test.sh 2.5.0
+  # Test between 3.0.0-beta-1 and the current version.
+  ./test.sh 3.0.0-beta-1
+
+  # Test between last released and current version.
+  ./test.sh $LAST_RELEASED
+}
+
+build_ruby23() {
+  internal_build_cpp  # For conformance tests.
+  cd ruby && bash travis-test.sh ruby-2.3.8 && cd ..
+}
+build_ruby24() {
+  internal_build_cpp  # For conformance tests.
+  cd ruby && bash travis-test.sh ruby-2.4 && cd ..
+}
+build_ruby25() {
+  internal_build_cpp  # For conformance tests.
+  cd ruby && bash travis-test.sh ruby-2.5.1 && cd ..
+}
+build_ruby26() {
+  internal_build_cpp  # For conformance tests.
+  cd ruby && bash travis-test.sh ruby-2.6.0 && cd ..
+}
+
+build_javascript() {
+  internal_build_cpp
+  cd js && npm install && npm test && cd ..
+  cd conformance && make test_nodejs && cd ..
+}
+
+generate_php_test_proto() {
+  internal_build_cpp
+  pushd php/tests
+  # Generate test file
+  rm -rf generated
+  mkdir generated
+  ../../src/protoc --php_out=generated         \
+    -I../../src -I.                            \
+    proto/empty/echo.proto                     \
+    proto/test.proto                           \
+    proto/test_include.proto                   \
+    proto/test_no_namespace.proto              \
+    proto/test_prefix.proto                    \
+    proto/test_php_namespace.proto             \
+    proto/test_empty_php_namespace.proto       \
+    proto/test_reserved_enum_lower.proto       \
+    proto/test_reserved_enum_upper.proto       \
+    proto/test_reserved_enum_value_lower.proto \
+    proto/test_reserved_enum_value_upper.proto \
+    proto/test_reserved_message_lower.proto    \
+    proto/test_reserved_message_upper.proto    \
+    proto/test_service.proto                   \
+    proto/test_service_namespace.proto         \
+    proto/test_wrapper_type_setters.proto      \
+    proto/test_descriptors.proto
+  pushd ../../src
+  ./protoc --php_out=../php/tests/generated -I../php/tests -I. \
+    ../php/tests/proto/test_import_descriptor_proto.proto
+  popd
+  popd
+}
+
+use_php() {
+  VERSION=$1
+  export PATH=/usr/local/php-${VERSION}/bin:$PATH
+  export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-${VERSION}/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-${VERSION}/include/php/:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+  export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-${VERSION}/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-${VERSION}/include/php/:$C_INCLUDE_PATH
+  generate_php_test_proto
+}
+
+use_php_zts() {
+  VERSION=$1
+  export PATH=/usr/local/php-${VERSION}-zts/bin:$PATH
+  export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-${VERSION}-zts/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-${VERSION}-zts/include/php/:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+  export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-${VERSION}-zts/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-${VERSION}-zts/include/php/:$C_INCLUDE_PATH
+  generate_php_test_proto
+}
+
+use_php_bc() {
+  VERSION=$1
+  export PATH=/usr/local/php-${VERSION}-bc/bin:$PATH
+  export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-${VERSION}-bc/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-${VERSION}-bc/include/php/:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+  export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/php-${VERSION}-bc/include/php/main:/usr/local/php-${VERSION}-bc/include/php/:$C_INCLUDE_PATH
+  generate_php_test_proto
+}
+
+build_php5.5() {
+  use_php 5.5
+
+  pushd php
+  rm -rf vendor
+  composer update
+  ./vendor/bin/phpunit
+  popd
+  pushd conformance
+  make test_php
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php5.5_c() {
+  IS_64BIT=$1
+  use_php 5.5
+  pushd php/tests
+  /bin/bash ./test.sh 5.5
+  popd
+  pushd conformance
+  if [ "$IS_64BIT" = "true" ]
+  then
+    make test_php_c
+  else
+    make test_php_c_32
+  fi
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php5.5_mixed() {
+  use_php 5.5
+  pushd php
+  rm -rf vendor
+  composer update
+  pushd tests
+  /bin/bash ./compile_extension.sh 5.5
+  popd
+  php -dextension=./ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so ./vendor/bin/phpunit
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php5.5_zts_c() {
+  IS_64BIT=$1
+  use_php_zts 5.5
+  cd php/tests && /bin/bash ./test.sh 5.5-zts && cd ../..
+  pushd conformance
+  if [ "$IS_64BIT" = "true" ]
+  then
+    make test_php_c
+  else
+    make test_php_c_32
+  fi
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php5.6() {
+  use_php 5.6
+  pushd php
+  rm -rf vendor
+  composer update
+  ./vendor/bin/phpunit
+  popd
+  pushd conformance
+  make test_php
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php5.6_c() {
+  IS_64BIT=$1
+  use_php 5.6
+  cd php/tests && /bin/bash ./test.sh 5.6 && cd ../..
+  pushd conformance
+  if [ "$IS_64BIT" = "true" ]
+  then
+    make test_php_c
+  else
+    make test_php_c_32
+  fi
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php5.6_mixed() {
+  use_php 5.6
+  pushd php
+  rm -rf vendor
+  composer update
+  pushd tests
+  /bin/bash ./compile_extension.sh 5.6
+  popd
+  php -dextension=./ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so ./vendor/bin/phpunit
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php5.6_zts_c() {
+  IS_64BIT=$1
+  use_php_zts 5.6
+  cd php/tests && /bin/bash ./test.sh 5.6-zts && cd ../..
+  pushd conformance
+  if [ "$IS_64BIT" = "true" ]
+  then
+    make test_php_c
+  else
+    make test_php_c_32
+  fi
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php5.6_mac() {
+  generate_php_test_proto
+  # Install PHP
+  curl -s https://php-osx.liip.ch/install.sh | bash -s 5.6
+  PHP_FOLDER=`find /usr/local -type d -name "php5-5.6*"`  # The folder name may change upon time
+  export PATH="$PHP_FOLDER/bin:$PATH"
+
+  # Install phpunit
+  curl https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-5.6.8.phar -L -o phpunit.phar
+  chmod +x phpunit.phar
+  sudo mv phpunit.phar /usr/local/bin/phpunit
+
+  # Install valgrind
+  echo "#! /bin/bash" > valgrind
+  chmod ug+x valgrind
+  sudo mv valgrind /usr/local/bin/valgrind
+
+  # Test
+  cd php/tests && /bin/bash ./test.sh && cd ../..
+  pushd conformance
+  make test_php_c
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php7.0() {
+  use_php 7.0
+  pushd php
+  rm -rf vendor
+  composer update
+  ./vendor/bin/phpunit
+  popd
+  pushd conformance
+  make test_php
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php7.0_c() {
+  IS_64BIT=$1
+  use_php 7.0
+  cd php/tests && /bin/bash ./test.sh 7.0 && cd ../..
+  pushd conformance
+  if [ "$IS_64BIT" = "true" ]
+  then
+    make test_php_c
+  else
+    make test_php_c_32
+  fi
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php7.0_mixed() {
+  use_php 7.0
+  pushd php
+  rm -rf vendor
+  composer update
+  pushd tests
+  /bin/bash ./compile_extension.sh 7.0
+  popd
+  php -dextension=./ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so ./vendor/bin/phpunit
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php7.0_zts_c() {
+  IS_64BIT=$1
+  use_php_zts 7.0
+  cd php/tests && /bin/bash ./test.sh 7.0-zts && cd ../..
+  pushd conformance
+  if [ "$IS_64BIT" = "true" ]
+  then
+    make test_php_c
+  else
+    make test_php_c_32
+  fi
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php7.0_mac() {
+  generate_php_test_proto
+  # Install PHP
+  curl -s https://php-osx.liip.ch/install.sh | bash -s 7.0
+  PHP_FOLDER=`find /usr/local -type d -name "php7-7.0*"`  # The folder name may change upon time
+  export PATH="$PHP_FOLDER/bin:$PATH"
+
+  # Install phpunit
+  curl https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-5.6.0.phar -L -o phpunit.phar
+  chmod +x phpunit.phar
+  sudo mv phpunit.phar /usr/local/bin/phpunit
+
+  # Install valgrind
+  echo "#! /bin/bash" > valgrind
+  chmod ug+x valgrind
+  sudo mv valgrind /usr/local/bin/valgrind
+
+  # Test
+  cd php/tests && /bin/bash ./test.sh && cd ../..
+  pushd conformance
+  make test_php_c
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php7.4_mac() {
+  generate_php_test_proto
+  # Install PHP
+  curl -s https://php-osx.liip.ch/install.sh | bash -s 7.4
+  PHP_FOLDER=`find /usr/local -type d -name "php7-7.4*"`  # The folder name may change upon time
+  export PATH="$PHP_FOLDER/bin:$PATH"
+
+  # Install phpunit
+  curl https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-8.phar -L -o phpunit.phar
+  chmod +x phpunit.phar
+  sudo mv phpunit.phar /usr/local/bin/phpunit
+
+  # Install valgrind
+  echo "#! /bin/bash" > valgrind
+  chmod ug+x valgrind
+  sudo mv valgrind /usr/local/bin/valgrind
+
+  # Test
+  cd php/tests && /bin/bash ./test.sh && cd ../..
+  pushd conformance
+  make test_php_c
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php_compatibility() {
+  internal_build_cpp
+  php/tests/compatibility_test.sh $LAST_RELEASED
+}
+
+build_php_multirequest() {
+  use_php 7.4
+  pushd php/tests
+  ./multirequest.sh
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php7.1() {
+  use_php 7.1
+  pushd php
+  rm -rf vendor
+  composer update
+  ./vendor/bin/phpunit
+  popd
+  pushd conformance
+  make test_php
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php7.1_c() {
+  IS_64BIT=$1
+  use_php 7.1
+  cd php/tests && /bin/bash ./test.sh 7.1 && cd ../..
+  pushd conformance
+  if [ "$IS_64BIT" = "true" ]
+  then
+    make test_php_c
+  else
+    make test_php_c_32
+  fi
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php7.1_mixed() {
+  use_php 7.1
+  pushd php
+  rm -rf vendor
+  composer update
+  pushd tests
+  /bin/bash ./compile_extension.sh 7.1
+  popd
+  php -dextension=./ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so ./vendor/bin/phpunit
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php7.1_zts_c() {
+  IS_64BIT=$1
+  use_php_zts 7.1
+  cd php/tests && /bin/bash ./test.sh 7.1-zts && cd ../..
+  pushd conformance
+  if [ "$IS_64BIT" = "true" ]
+  then
+    make test_php_c
+  else
+    make test_php_c_32
+  fi
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php7.4() {
+  use_php 7.4
+  pushd php
+  rm -rf vendor
+  composer update
+  ./vendor/bin/phpunit
+  popd
+  pushd conformance
+  make test_php
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php7.4_c() {
+  IS_64BIT=$1
+  use_php 7.4
+  cd php/tests && /bin/bash ./test.sh 7.4 && cd ../..
+  pushd conformance
+  if [ "$IS_64BIT" = "true" ]
+  then
+    make test_php_c
+  else
+    make test_php_c_32
+  fi
+  popd
+  pushd php/ext/google/protobuf
+  phpize --clean
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php7.4_mixed() {
+  use_php 7.4
+  pushd php
+  rm -rf vendor
+  composer update
+  pushd tests
+  /bin/bash ./compile_extension.sh 7.4
+  popd
+  php -dextension=./ext/google/protobuf/modules/protobuf.so ./vendor/bin/phpunit
+  popd
+  pushd php/ext/google/protobuf
+  phpize --clean
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php7.4_zts_c() {
+  IS_64BIT=$1
+  use_php_zts 7.4
+  cd php/tests && /bin/bash ./test.sh 7.4-zts && cd ../..
+  pushd conformance
+  if [ "$IS_64BIT" = "true" ]
+  then
+    make test_php_c
+  else
+    make test_php_c_32
+  fi
+  popd
+  pushd php/ext/google/protobuf
+  phpize --clean
+  popd
+}
+
+build_php_all_32() {
+  build_php5.5
+  build_php5.6
+  build_php7.0
+  build_php7.1
+  build_php7.4
+  build_php5.5_c $1
+  build_php5.6_c $1
+  build_php7.0_c $1
+  build_php7.1_c $1
+  build_php7.4_c $1
+  build_php5.5_mixed
+  build_php5.6_mixed
+  build_php7.0_mixed
+  build_php7.1_mixed
+  build_php7.4_mixed
+  build_php5.5_zts_c $1
+  build_php5.6_zts_c $1
+  build_php7.0_zts_c $1
+  build_php7.1_zts_c $1
+  build_php7.4_zts_c $1
+}
+
+build_php_all() {
+  build_php_all_32 true
+  build_php_multirequest
+  build_php_compatibility
+}
+
+build_benchmark() {
+  use_php 7.2
+  cd kokoro/linux/benchmark && ./run.sh
+}
+
+# -------- main --------
+
+if [ "$#" -ne 1 ]; then
+  echo "
+Usage: $0 { cpp |
+            cpp_distcheck |
+            csharp |
+            java_jdk7 |
+            java_oracle7 |
+            java_compatibility |
+            java_linkage_monitor |
+            objectivec_ios |
+            objectivec_ios_debug |
+            objectivec_ios_release |
+            objectivec_osx |
+            objectivec_tvos |
+            objectivec_tvos_debug |
+            objectivec_tvos_release |
+            objectivec_cocoapods_integration |
+            python |
+            python_cpp |
+            python_compatibility |
+            ruby23 |
+            ruby24 |
+            ruby25 |
+            ruby26 |
+            jruby |
+            ruby_all |
+            php5.5   |
+            php5.5_c |
+            php5.6   |
+            php5.6_c |
+            php7.0   |
+            php7.0_c |
+            php_compatibility |
+            php7.1   |
+            php7.1_c |
+            php_all |
+            dist_install |
+            benchmark)
+"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+set -e  # exit immediately on error
+set -x  # display all commands
+cd $(dirname $0)
+eval "build_$1"
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/BUILD b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/BUILD
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b66101a39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/BUILD
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exports_files(["six.BUILD", "zlib.BUILD"])
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.clang-format b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.clang-format
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b3f13fa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+Language:        Cpp
+BasedOnStyle:  Google
+...
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.gitignore b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c1b4f218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+*.a
+*.so
+*.so.?*
+*.dll
+*.exe
+*.dylib
+*.cmake
+!/cmake/*.cmake
+*~
+*.pyc
+__pycache__
+
+# lcov
+*.lcov
+/lcov
+
+# cmake files.
+/Testing
+CMakeCache.txt
+CMakeFiles/
+cmake_install.cmake
+
+# makefiles.
+Makefile
+
+# in-source build.
+bin/
+lib/
+/test/*_test
+
+# exuberant ctags.
+tags
+
+# YouCompleteMe configuration.
+.ycm_extra_conf.pyc
+
+# ninja generated files.
+.ninja_deps
+.ninja_log
+build.ninja
+install_manifest.txt
+rules.ninja
+
+# out-of-source build top-level folders.
+build/
+_build/
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.travis-libcxx-setup.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.travis-libcxx-setup.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a591743c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.travis-libcxx-setup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Install a newer CMake version
+curl -sSL https://cmake.org/files/v3.6/cmake-3.6.1-Linux-x86_64.sh -o install-cmake.sh
+chmod +x install-cmake.sh
+sudo ./install-cmake.sh --prefix=/usr/local --skip-license
+
+# Checkout LLVM sources
+git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/llvm-mirror/llvm.git llvm-source
+git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/llvm-mirror/libcxx.git llvm-source/projects/libcxx
+git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/llvm-mirror/libcxxabi.git llvm-source/projects/libcxxabi
+
+# Setup libc++ options
+if [ -z "$BUILD_32_BITS" ]; then
+  export BUILD_32_BITS=OFF && echo disabling 32 bit build
+fi
+
+# Build and install libc++ (Use unstable ABI for better sanitizer coverage)
+mkdir llvm-build && cd llvm-build
+cmake -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=${C_COMPILER} -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${COMPILER} \
+      -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr \
+      -DLIBCXX_ABI_UNSTABLE=ON \
+      -DLLVM_USE_SANITIZER=${LIBCXX_SANITIZER} \
+      -DLLVM_BUILD_32_BITS=${BUILD_32_BITS} \
+      ../llvm-source
+make cxx -j2
+sudo make install-cxxabi install-cxx
+cd ../
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.travis.yml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36df08844
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+sudo: required
+dist: trusty
+language: cpp
+
+env:
+  global:
+    - /usr/local/bin:$PATH
+
+matrix:
+  include:
+    - compiler: gcc
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - lcov
+      env: COMPILER=g++ C_COMPILER=gcc BUILD_TYPE=Coverage
+    - compiler: gcc
+      env: COMPILER=g++ C_COMPILER=gcc BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+    - compiler: gcc
+      env: COMPILER=g++ C_COMPILER=gcc BUILD_TYPE=Release
+    - compiler: gcc
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - g++-multilib
+      env: COMPILER=g++ C_COMPILER=gcc BUILD_TYPE=Debug BUILD_32_BITS=ON
+    - compiler: gcc
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - g++-multilib
+      env: COMPILER=g++ C_COMPILER=gcc BUILD_TYPE=Release BUILD_32_BITS=ON
+    - compiler: gcc
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          sources:
+            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+          packages:
+            - g++-6
+      env:
+        - COMPILER=g++-6 C_COMPILER=gcc-6  BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+        - EXTRA_FLAGS="-fno-omit-frame-pointer -g -O2 -fsanitize=undefined,address -fuse-ld=gold"
+    - compiler: clang
+      env: COMPILER=clang++ C_COMPILER=clang BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+    - compiler: clang
+      env: COMPILER=clang++ C_COMPILER=clang BUILD_TYPE=Release
+    # Clang w/ libc++
+    - compiler: clang
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            clang-3.8
+      env:
+        - COMPILER=clang++-3.8 C_COMPILER=clang-3.8 BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+        - LIBCXX_BUILD=1
+        - EXTRA_FLAGS="-stdlib=libc++"
+    - compiler: clang
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            clang-3.8
+      env:
+        - COMPILER=clang++-3.8 C_COMPILER=clang-3.8 BUILD_TYPE=Release
+        - LIBCXX_BUILD=1
+        - EXTRA_FLAGS="-stdlib=libc++"
+    # Clang w/ 32bit libc++
+    - compiler: clang
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - clang-3.8
+            - g++-multilib
+      env:
+        - COMPILER=clang++-3.8 C_COMPILER=clang-3.8 BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+        - LIBCXX_BUILD=1
+        - BUILD_32_BITS=ON
+        - EXTRA_FLAGS="-stdlib=libc++ -m32"
+    # Clang w/ 32bit libc++
+    - compiler: clang
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - clang-3.8
+            - g++-multilib
+      env:
+        - COMPILER=clang++-3.8 C_COMPILER=clang-3.8 BUILD_TYPE=Release
+        - LIBCXX_BUILD=1
+        - BUILD_32_BITS=ON
+        - EXTRA_FLAGS="-stdlib=libc++ -m32"
+    # Clang w/ libc++, ASAN, UBSAN
+    - compiler: clang
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            clang-3.8
+      env:
+        - COMPILER=clang++-3.8 C_COMPILER=clang-3.8 BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+        - LIBCXX_BUILD=1 LIBCXX_SANITIZER="Undefined;Address"
+        - EXTRA_FLAGS="-stdlib=libc++ -g -O2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize=undefined,address -fno-sanitize-recover=all"
+        - UBSAN_OPTIONS=print_stacktrace=1
+    # Clang w/ libc++ and MSAN
+    - compiler: clang
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            clang-3.8
+      env:
+        - COMPILER=clang++-3.8 C_COMPILER=clang-3.8 BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+        - LIBCXX_BUILD=1 LIBCXX_SANITIZER=MemoryWithOrigins
+        - EXTRA_FLAGS="-stdlib=libc++ -g -O2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize=memory -fsanitize-memory-track-origins"
+    # Clang w/ libc++ and MSAN
+    - compiler: clang
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            clang-3.8
+      env:
+        - COMPILER=clang++-3.8 C_COMPILER=clang-3.8 BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo
+        - LIBCXX_BUILD=1 LIBCXX_SANITIZER=Thread
+        - EXTRA_FLAGS="-stdlib=libc++ -g -O2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize=thread -fno-sanitize-recover=all"
+
+    - os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode8.3
+      compiler: clang
+      env:
+        - COMPILER=clang++ BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+    - os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode8.3
+      compiler: clang
+      env:
+        - COMPILER=clang++ BUILD_TYPE=Release
+
+before_script:
+  - if [ -z "$BUILD_32_BITS" ]; then
+      export BUILD_32_BITS=OFF && echo disabling 32 bit build;
+    fi
+  - if [ -n "${LIBCXX_BUILD}" ]; then
+      source .travis-libcxx-setup.sh;
+    fi
+  - mkdir build && cd build
+
+install:
+  - if [ "${BUILD_TYPE}" == "Coverage" -a "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "linux" ]; then
+      PATH=~/.local/bin:${PATH};
+      pip install --user --upgrade pip;
+      pip install --user cpp-coveralls;
+    fi
+
+script:
+  - cmake -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=${C_COMPILER} -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${COMPILER} -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${BUILD_TYPE} -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="${EXTRA_FLAGS}" -DBENCHMARK_BUILD_32_BITS=${BUILD_32_BITS} ..
+  - make
+  - ctest -C ${BUILD_TYPE} --output-on-failure
+
+after_success:
+  - if [ "${BUILD_TYPE}" == "Coverage" -a "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "linux" ]; then
+      coveralls --include src --include include --gcov-options '\-lp' --root .. --build-root .;
+    fi
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.ycm_extra_conf.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.ycm_extra_conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86194357d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/.ycm_extra_conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import os
+import ycm_core
+
+# These are the compilation flags that will be used in case there's no
+# compilation database set (by default, one is not set).
+# CHANGE THIS LIST OF FLAGS. YES, THIS IS THE DROID YOU HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR.
+flags = [
+'-Wall',
+'-Werror',
+'-pendantic-errors',
+'-std=c++0x',
+'-fno-strict-aliasing',
+'-O3',
+'-DNDEBUG',
+# ...and the same thing goes for the magic -x option which specifies the
+# language that the files to be compiled are written in. This is mostly
+# relevant for c++ headers.
+# For a C project, you would set this to 'c' instead of 'c++'.
+'-x', 'c++',
+'-I', 'include',
+'-isystem', '/usr/include',
+'-isystem', '/usr/local/include',
+]
+
+
+# Set this to the absolute path to the folder (NOT the file!) containing the
+# compile_commands.json file to use that instead of 'flags'. See here for
+# more details: http://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html
+#
+# Most projects will NOT need to set this to anything; you can just change the
+# 'flags' list of compilation flags. Notice that YCM itself uses that approach.
+compilation_database_folder = ''
+
+if os.path.exists( compilation_database_folder ):
+  database = ycm_core.CompilationDatabase( compilation_database_folder )
+else:
+  database = None
+
+SOURCE_EXTENSIONS = [ '.cc' ]
+
+def DirectoryOfThisScript():
+  return os.path.dirname( os.path.abspath( __file__ ) )
+
+
+def MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, working_directory ):
+  if not working_directory:
+    return list( flags )
+  new_flags = []
+  make_next_absolute = False
+  path_flags = [ '-isystem', '-I', '-iquote', '--sysroot=' ]
+  for flag in flags:
+    new_flag = flag
+
+    if make_next_absolute:
+      make_next_absolute = False
+      if not flag.startswith( '/' ):
+        new_flag = os.path.join( working_directory, flag )
+
+    for path_flag in path_flags:
+      if flag == path_flag:
+        make_next_absolute = True
+        break
+
+      if flag.startswith( path_flag ):
+        path = flag[ len( path_flag ): ]
+        new_flag = path_flag + os.path.join( working_directory, path )
+        break
+
+    if new_flag:
+      new_flags.append( new_flag )
+  return new_flags
+
+
+def IsHeaderFile( filename ):
+  extension = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 1 ]
+  return extension in [ '.h', '.hxx', '.hpp', '.hh' ]
+
+
+def GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename ):
+  # The compilation_commands.json file generated by CMake does not have entries
+  # for header files. So we do our best by asking the db for flags for a
+  # corresponding source file, if any. If one exists, the flags for that file
+  # should be good enough.
+  if IsHeaderFile( filename ):
+    basename = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 0 ]
+    for extension in SOURCE_EXTENSIONS:
+      replacement_file = basename + extension
+      if os.path.exists( replacement_file ):
+        compilation_info = database.GetCompilationInfoForFile(
+          replacement_file )
+        if compilation_info.compiler_flags_:
+          return compilation_info
+    return None
+  return database.GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )
+
+
+def FlagsForFile( filename, **kwargs ):
+  if database:
+    # Bear in mind that compilation_info.compiler_flags_ does NOT return a
+    # python list, but a "list-like" StringVec object
+    compilation_info = GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )
+    if not compilation_info:
+      return None
+
+    final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute(
+      compilation_info.compiler_flags_,
+      compilation_info.compiler_working_dir_ )
+  else:
+    relative_to = DirectoryOfThisScript()
+    final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, relative_to )
+
+  return {
+    'flags': final_flags,
+    'do_cache': True
+  }
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/AUTHORS b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/AUTHORS
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae278df40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/AUTHORS
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# This is the official list of benchmark authors for copyright purposes.
+# This file is distinct from the CONTRIBUTORS files.
+# See the latter for an explanation.
+#
+# Names should be added to this file as:
+#	Name or Organization <email address>
+# The email address is not required for organizations.
+#
+# Please keep the list sorted.
+
+Albert Pretorius <pretoalb@gmail.com>
+Arne Beer <arne@twobeer.de>
+Christopher Seymour <chris.j.seymour@hotmail.com>
+David Coeurjolly <david.coeurjolly@liris.cnrs.fr>
+Dominic Hamon <dma@stripysock.com>
+Eric Fiselier <eric@efcs.ca>
+Eugene Zhuk <eugene.zhuk@gmail.com>
+Evgeny Safronov <division494@gmail.com>
+Felix Homann <linuxaudio@showlabor.de>
+Google Inc.
+International Business Machines Corporation
+Ismael Jimenez Martinez <ismael.jimenez.martinez@gmail.com>
+Jern-Kuan Leong <jernkuan@gmail.com>
+Joao Paulo Magalhaes <joaoppmagalhaes@gmail.com>
+JianXiong Zhou <zhoujianxiong2@gmail.com>
+Jussi Knuuttila <jussi.knuuttila@gmail.com>
+Kaito Udagawa <umireon@gmail.com>
+Lei Xu <eddyxu@gmail.com>
+Matt Clarkson <mattyclarkson@gmail.com>
+Maxim Vafin <maxvafin@gmail.com>
+Nick Hutchinson <nshutchinson@gmail.com>
+Oleksandr Sochka <sasha.sochka@gmail.com>
+Paul Redmond <paul.redmond@gmail.com>
+Radoslav Yovchev <radoslav.tm@gmail.com>
+Shuo Chen <chenshuo@chenshuo.com>
+Yixuan Qiu <yixuanq@gmail.com>
+Yusuke Suzuki <utatane.tea@gmail.com>
+Dirac Research 
+Zbigniew Skowron <zbychs@gmail.com>
+Dominik Czarnota <dominik.b.czarnota@gmail.com>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f7f1566f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 2.8.12)
+
+project (benchmark)
+
+foreach(p
+    CMP0054 # CMake 3.1
+    CMP0056 # export EXE_LINKER_FLAGS to try_run
+    )
+  if(POLICY ${p})
+    cmake_policy(SET ${p} NEW)
+  endif()
+endforeach()
+
+option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_TESTING "Enable testing of the benchmark library." ON)
+option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS "Enable the use of exceptions in the benchmark library." ON)
+option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_LTO "Enable link time optimisation of the benchmark library." OFF)
+option(BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX "Build and test using libc++ as the standard library." OFF)
+option(BENCHMARK_BUILD_32_BITS "Build a 32 bit version of the library" OFF)
+
+# Make sure we can import out CMake functions
+list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake")
+
+# Read the git tags to determine the project version
+include(GetGitVersion)
+get_git_version(GIT_VERSION)
+
+# Tell the user what versions we are using
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+" VERSION ${GIT_VERSION})
+message("-- Version: ${VERSION}")
+
+# The version of the libraries
+set(GENERIC_LIB_VERSION ${VERSION})
+string(SUBSTRING ${VERSION} 0 1 GENERIC_LIB_SOVERSION)
+
+# Import our CMake modules
+include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
+include(AddCXXCompilerFlag)
+include(CXXFeatureCheck)
+
+if (BENCHMARK_BUILD_32_BITS)
+  add_required_cxx_compiler_flag(-m32)
+endif()
+
+if ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "MSVC")
+  # Turn compiler warnings up to 11
+  string(REGEX REPLACE "[-/]W[1-4]" "" CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} /W4")
+  add_definitions(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+
+  if (NOT BENCHMARK_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+    add_cxx_compiler_flag(-EHs-)
+    add_cxx_compiler_flag(-EHa-)
+  endif()
+  # Link time optimisation
+  if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_LTO)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} /GL")
+    set(CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE} /LTCG")
+    set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE} /LTCG")
+    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE} /LTCG")
+
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} /GL")
+    string(REGEX REPLACE "[-/]INCREMENTAL" "/INCREMENTAL:NO" CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO}")
+    set(CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} /LTCG")
+    string(REGEX REPLACE "[-/]INCREMENTAL" "/INCREMENTAL:NO" CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO}")
+    set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} /LTCG")
+    string(REGEX REPLACE "[-/]INCREMENTAL" "/INCREMENTAL:NO" CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO}")
+    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} /LTCG")
+
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL} /GL")
+    set(CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL "${CMAKE_STATIC_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL} /LTCG")
+    set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL} /LTCG")
+    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL} /LTCG")
+  endif()
+else()
+  # Try and enable C++11. Don't use C++14 because it doesn't work in some
+  # configurations.
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(-std=c++11)
+  if (NOT HAVE_CXX_FLAG_STD_CXX11)
+    add_cxx_compiler_flag(-std=c++0x)
+  endif()
+
+  # Turn compiler warnings up to 11
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wall)
+
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wextra)
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wshadow)
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Werror RELEASE)
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Werror RELWITHDEBINFO)
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Werror MINSIZEREL)
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(-pedantic)
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(-pedantic-errors)
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wshorten-64-to-32)
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wfloat-equal)
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(-fstrict-aliasing)
+  if (NOT BENCHMARK_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+    add_cxx_compiler_flag(-fno-exceptions)
+  endif()
+  if (NOT BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX)
+    add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant)
+  endif()
+  if (HAVE_CXX_FLAG_FSTRICT_ALIASING)
+    if (NOT CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Intel") #ICC17u2: Many false positives for Wstrict-aliasing
+      add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wstrict-aliasing)
+    endif()
+  endif()
+  # ICC17u2: overloaded virtual function "benchmark::Fixture::SetUp" is only partially overridden
+  # (because of deprecated overload)
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(-wd654)  
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wthread-safety)
+  if (HAVE_CXX_FLAG_WTHREAD_SAFETY)
+    cxx_feature_check(THREAD_SAFETY_ATTRIBUTES)
+  endif()
+
+  # On most UNIX like platforms g++ and clang++ define _GNU_SOURCE as a
+  # predefined macro, which turns on all of the wonderful libc extensions.
+  # However g++ doesn't do this in Cygwin so we have to define it ourselfs
+  # since we depend on GNU/POSIX/BSD extensions.
+  if (CYGWIN)
+    add_definitions(-D_GNU_SOURCE=1)
+  endif()
+
+  # Link time optimisation
+  if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_LTO)
+    add_cxx_compiler_flag(-flto)
+    if ("${CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "GNU")
+      find_program(GCC_AR gcc-ar)
+      if (GCC_AR)
+        set(CMAKE_AR ${GCC_AR})
+      endif()
+      find_program(GCC_RANLIB gcc-ranlib)
+      if (GCC_RANLIB)
+        set(CMAKE_RANLIB ${GCC_RANLIB})
+      endif()
+    endif()
+  endif()
+
+  # Coverage build type
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_COVERAGE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG}" CACHE STRING
+    "Flags used by the C++ compiler during coverage builds."
+    FORCE)
+  set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE
+    "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG}" CACHE STRING
+    "Flags used for linking binaries during coverage builds."
+    FORCE)
+  set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE
+    "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG}" CACHE STRING
+    "Flags used by the shared libraries linker during coverage builds."
+    FORCE)
+  mark_as_advanced(
+    CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_COVERAGE
+    CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE
+    CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_COVERAGE)
+  set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" CACHE STRING
+    "Choose the type of build, options are: None Debug Release RelWithDebInfo MinSizeRel Coverage."
+    FORCE)
+  add_cxx_compiler_flag(--coverage COVERAGE)
+endif()
+
+if (BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX)
+  if ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "Clang")
+    add_cxx_compiler_flag(-stdlib=libc++)
+  elseif ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "GNU" OR
+          "${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "Intel")
+    add_cxx_compiler_flag(-nostdinc++)
+    message("libc++ header path must be manually specified using CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS")
+    # Adding -nodefaultlibs directly to CMAKE_<TYPE>_LINKER_FLAGS will break
+    # configuration checks such as 'find_package(Threads)'
+    list(APPEND BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS -nodefaultlibs)
+    # -lc++ cannot be added directly to CMAKE_<TYPE>_LINKER_FLAGS because
+    # linker flags appear before all linker inputs and -lc++ must appear after.
+    list(APPEND BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES c++)
+  else()
+    message(FATAL "-DBENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX:BOOL=ON is not supported for compiler")
+  endif()
+endif(BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX)
+
+# C++ feature checks
+# Determine the correct regular expression engine to use
+cxx_feature_check(STD_REGEX)
+cxx_feature_check(GNU_POSIX_REGEX)
+cxx_feature_check(POSIX_REGEX)
+if(NOT HAVE_STD_REGEX AND NOT HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX AND NOT HAVE_POSIX_REGEX)
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to determine the source files for the regular expression backend")
+endif()
+if (NOT BENCHMARK_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS AND HAVE_STD_REGEX
+        AND NOT HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX AND NOT HAVE_POSIX_REGEX)
+  message(WARNING "Using std::regex with exceptions disabled is not fully supported")
+endif()
+cxx_feature_check(STEADY_CLOCK)
+# Ensure we have pthreads
+find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
+
+# Set up directories
+include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
+
+# Build the targets
+add_subdirectory(src)
+
+if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_TESTING)
+  enable_testing()
+  add_subdirectory(test)
+endif()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/CONTRIBUTING.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43de4c9d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# How to contribute #
+
+We'd love to accept your patches and contributions to this project.  There are
+a just a few small guidelines you need to follow.
+
+
+## Contributor License Agreement ##
+
+Contributions to any Google project must be accompanied by a Contributor
+License Agreement.  This is not a copyright **assignment**, it simply gives
+Google permission to use and redistribute your contributions as part of the
+project.
+
+  * If you are an individual writing original source code and you're sure you
+    own the intellectual property, then you'll need to sign an [individual
+    CLA][].
+
+  * If you work for a company that wants to allow you to contribute your work,
+    then you'll need to sign a [corporate CLA][].
+
+You generally only need to submit a CLA once, so if you've already submitted
+one (even if it was for a different project), you probably don't need to do it
+again.
+
+[individual CLA]: https://developers.google.com/open-source/cla/individual
+[corporate CLA]: https://developers.google.com/open-source/cla/corporate
+
+Once your CLA is submitted (or if you already submitted one for
+another Google project), make a commit adding yourself to the
+[AUTHORS][] and [CONTRIBUTORS][] files. This commit can be part
+of your first [pull request][].
+
+[AUTHORS]: AUTHORS
+[CONTRIBUTORS]: CONTRIBUTORS
+
+
+## Submitting a patch ##
+
+  1. It's generally best to start by opening a new issue describing the bug or
+     feature you're intending to fix.  Even if you think it's relatively minor,
+     it's helpful to know what people are working on.  Mention in the initial
+     issue that you are planning to work on that bug or feature so that it can
+     be assigned to you.
+
+  1. Follow the normal process of [forking][] the project, and setup a new
+     branch to work in.  It's important that each group of changes be done in
+     separate branches in order to ensure that a pull request only includes the
+     commits related to that bug or feature.
+
+  1. Do your best to have [well-formed commit messages][] for each change.
+     This provides consistency throughout the project, and ensures that commit
+     messages are able to be formatted properly by various git tools.
+
+  1. Finally, push the commits to your fork and submit a [pull request][].
+
+[forking]: https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo
+[well-formed commit messages]: http://tbaggery.com/2008/04/19/a-note-about-git-commit-messages.html
+[pull request]: https://help.github.com/articles/creating-a-pull-request
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/CONTRIBUTORS b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/CONTRIBUTORS
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9abb60865
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/CONTRIBUTORS
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# People who have agreed to one of the CLAs and can contribute patches.
+# The AUTHORS file lists the copyright holders; this file
+# lists people.  For example, Google employees are listed here
+# but not in AUTHORS, because Google holds the copyright.
+#
+# Names should be added to this file only after verifying that
+# the individual or the individual's organization has agreed to
+# the appropriate Contributor License Agreement, found here:
+#
+# https://developers.google.com/open-source/cla/individual
+# https://developers.google.com/open-source/cla/corporate
+#
+# The agreement for individuals can be filled out on the web.
+#
+# When adding J Random Contributor's name to this file,
+# either J's name or J's organization's name should be
+# added to the AUTHORS file, depending on whether the
+# individual or corporate CLA was used.
+#
+# Names should be added to this file as:
+#     Name <email address>
+#
+# Please keep the list sorted.
+
+Albert Pretorius <pretoalb@gmail.com>
+Arne Beer <arne@twobeer.de>
+Billy Robert O'Neal III <billy.oneal@gmail.com> <bion@microsoft.com>
+Chris Kennelly <ckennelly@google.com> <ckennelly@ckennelly.com>
+Christopher Seymour <chris.j.seymour@hotmail.com>
+David Coeurjolly <david.coeurjolly@liris.cnrs.fr>
+Dominic Hamon <dma@stripysock.com>
+Eric Fiselier <eric@efcs.ca>
+Eugene Zhuk <eugene.zhuk@gmail.com>
+Evgeny Safronov <division494@gmail.com>
+Felix Homann <linuxaudio@showlabor.de>
+Ismael Jimenez Martinez <ismael.jimenez.martinez@gmail.com>
+Jern-Kuan Leong <jernkuan@gmail.com>
+Joao Paulo Magalhaes <joaoppmagalhaes@gmail.com>
+JianXiong Zhou <zhoujianxiong2@gmail.com>
+Jussi Knuuttila <jussi.knuuttila@gmail.com>
+Kaito Udagawa <umireon@gmail.com>
+Kai Wolf <kai.wolf@gmail.com>
+Lei Xu <eddyxu@gmail.com>
+Matt Clarkson <mattyclarkson@gmail.com>
+Maxim Vafin <maxvafin@gmail.com>
+Nick Hutchinson <nshutchinson@gmail.com>
+Oleksandr Sochka <sasha.sochka@gmail.com>
+Pascal Leroy <phl@google.com>
+Paul Redmond <paul.redmond@gmail.com>
+Pierre Phaneuf <pphaneuf@google.com>
+Radoslav Yovchev <radoslav.tm@gmail.com>
+Ray Glover <ray.glover@uk.ibm.com>
+Shuo Chen <chenshuo@chenshuo.com>
+Tom Madams <tom.ej.madams@gmail.com> <tmadams@google.com>
+Yixuan Qiu <yixuanq@gmail.com>
+Yusuke Suzuki <utatane.tea@gmail.com>
+Tobias Ulvgård <tobias.ulvgard@dirac.se>
+Zbigniew Skowron <zbychs@gmail.com>
+Dominik Czarnota <dominik.b.czarnota@gmail.com>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/LICENSE b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d64569567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
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diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/README.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2430d93bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,726 @@
+# benchmark
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/google/benchmark.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/google/benchmark)
+[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/u0qsyp7t1tk7cpxs/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/google/benchmark/branch/master)
+[![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/google/benchmark/badge.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/google/benchmark)
+
+A library to support the benchmarking of functions, similar to unit-tests.
+
+Discussion group: https://groups.google.com/d/forum/benchmark-discuss
+
+IRC channel: https://freenode.net #googlebenchmark
+
+[Known issues and common problems](#known-issues)
+
+[Additional Tooling Documentation](docs/tools.md)
+
+## Example usage
+### Basic usage
+Define a function that executes the code to be measured.
+
+```c++
+static void BM_StringCreation(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning())
+    std::string empty_string;
+}
+// Register the function as a benchmark
+BENCHMARK(BM_StringCreation);
+
+// Define another benchmark
+static void BM_StringCopy(benchmark::State& state) {
+  std::string x = "hello";
+  while (state.KeepRunning())
+    std::string copy(x);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_StringCopy);
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN();
+```
+
+### Passing arguments
+Sometimes a family of benchmarks can be implemented with just one routine that
+takes an extra argument to specify which one of the family of benchmarks to
+run. For example, the following code defines a family of benchmarks for
+measuring the speed of `memcpy()` calls of different lengths:
+
+```c++
+static void BM_memcpy(benchmark::State& state) {
+  char* src = new char[state.range(0)];
+  char* dst = new char[state.range(0)];
+  memset(src, 'x', state.range(0));
+  while (state.KeepRunning())
+    memcpy(dst, src, state.range(0));
+  state.SetBytesProcessed(int64_t(state.iterations()) *
+                          int64_t(state.range(0)));
+  delete[] src;
+  delete[] dst;
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_memcpy)->Arg(8)->Arg(64)->Arg(512)->Arg(1<<10)->Arg(8<<10);
+```
+
+The preceding code is quite repetitive, and can be replaced with the following
+short-hand. The following invocation will pick a few appropriate arguments in
+the specified range and will generate a benchmark for each such argument.
+
+```c++
+BENCHMARK(BM_memcpy)->Range(8, 8<<10);
+```
+
+By default the arguments in the range are generated in multiples of eight and
+the command above selects [ 8, 64, 512, 4k, 8k ]. In the following code the
+range multiplier is changed to multiples of two.
+
+```c++
+BENCHMARK(BM_memcpy)->RangeMultiplier(2)->Range(8, 8<<10);
+```
+Now arguments generated are [ 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2k, 4k, 8k ].
+
+You might have a benchmark that depends on two or more inputs. For example, the
+following code defines a family of benchmarks for measuring the speed of set
+insertion.
+
+```c++
+static void BM_SetInsert(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    state.PauseTiming();
+    std::set<int> data = ConstructRandomSet(state.range(0));
+    state.ResumeTiming();
+    for (int j = 0; j < state.range(1); ++j)
+      data.insert(RandomNumber());
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)
+    ->Args({1<<10, 1})
+    ->Args({1<<10, 8})
+    ->Args({1<<10, 64})
+    ->Args({1<<10, 512})
+    ->Args({8<<10, 1})
+    ->Args({8<<10, 8})
+    ->Args({8<<10, 64})
+    ->Args({8<<10, 512});
+```
+
+The preceding code is quite repetitive, and can be replaced with the following
+short-hand. The following macro will pick a few appropriate arguments in the
+product of the two specified ranges and will generate a benchmark for each such
+pair.
+
+```c++
+BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)->Ranges({{1<<10, 8<<10}, {1, 512}});
+```
+
+For more complex patterns of inputs, passing a custom function to `Apply` allows
+programmatic specification of an arbitrary set of arguments on which to run the
+benchmark. The following example enumerates a dense range on one parameter,
+and a sparse range on the second.
+
+```c++
+static void CustomArguments(benchmark::internal::Benchmark* b) {
+  for (int i = 0; i <= 10; ++i)
+    for (int j = 32; j <= 1024*1024; j *= 8)
+      b->Args({i, j});
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)->Apply(CustomArguments);
+```
+
+### Calculate asymptotic complexity (Big O)
+Asymptotic complexity might be calculated for a family of benchmarks. The
+following code will calculate the coefficient for the high-order term in the
+running time and the normalized root-mean square error of string comparison.
+
+```c++
+static void BM_StringCompare(benchmark::State& state) {
+  std::string s1(state.range(0), '-');
+  std::string s2(state.range(0), '-');
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(s1.compare(s2));
+  }
+  state.SetComplexityN(state.range(0));
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_StringCompare)
+    ->RangeMultiplier(2)->Range(1<<10, 1<<18)->Complexity(benchmark::oN);
+```
+
+As shown in the following invocation, asymptotic complexity might also be
+calculated automatically.
+
+```c++
+BENCHMARK(BM_StringCompare)
+    ->RangeMultiplier(2)->Range(1<<10, 1<<18)->Complexity();
+```
+
+The following code will specify asymptotic complexity with a lambda function,
+that might be used to customize high-order term calculation.
+
+```c++
+BENCHMARK(BM_StringCompare)->RangeMultiplier(2)
+    ->Range(1<<10, 1<<18)->Complexity([](int n)->double{return n; });
+```
+
+### Templated benchmarks
+Templated benchmarks work the same way: This example produces and consumes
+messages of size `sizeof(v)` `range_x` times. It also outputs throughput in the
+absence of multiprogramming.
+
+```c++
+template <class Q> int BM_Sequential(benchmark::State& state) {
+  Q q;
+  typename Q::value_type v;
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    for (int i = state.range(0); i--; )
+      q.push(v);
+    for (int e = state.range(0); e--; )
+      q.Wait(&v);
+  }
+  // actually messages, not bytes:
+  state.SetBytesProcessed(
+      static_cast<int64_t>(state.iterations())*state.range(0));
+}
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_Sequential, WaitQueue<int>)->Range(1<<0, 1<<10);
+```
+
+Three macros are provided for adding benchmark templates.
+
+```c++
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L // C++11 and greater.
+#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(func, ...) // Takes any number of parameters.
+#else // C++ < C++11
+#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(func, arg1)
+#endif
+#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1(func, arg1)
+#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE2(func, arg1, arg2)
+```
+
+## Passing arbitrary arguments to a benchmark
+In C++11 it is possible to define a benchmark that takes an arbitrary number
+of extra arguments. The `BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(func, test_case_name, ...args)`
+macro creates a benchmark that invokes `func`  with the `benchmark::State` as
+the first argument followed by the specified `args...`.
+The `test_case_name` is appended to the name of the benchmark and
+should describe the values passed.
+
+```c++
+template <class ...ExtraArgs>`
+void BM_takes_args(benchmark::State& state, ExtraArgs&&... extra_args) {
+  [...]
+}
+// Registers a benchmark named "BM_takes_args/int_string_test` that passes
+// the specified values to `extra_args`.
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(BM_takes_args, int_string_test, 42, std::string("abc"));
+```
+Note that elements of `...args` may refer to global variables. Users should
+avoid modifying global state inside of a benchmark.
+
+## Using RegisterBenchmark(name, fn, args...)
+
+The `RegisterBenchmark(name, func, args...)` function provides an alternative
+way to create and register benchmarks.
+`RegisterBenchmark(name, func, args...)` creates, registers, and returns a
+pointer to a new benchmark with the specified `name` that invokes
+`func(st, args...)` where `st` is a `benchmark::State` object.
+
+Unlike the `BENCHMARK` registration macros, which can only be used at the global
+scope, the `RegisterBenchmark` can be called anywhere. This allows for
+benchmark tests to be registered programmatically.
+
+Additionally `RegisterBenchmark` allows any callable object to be registered
+as a benchmark. Including capturing lambdas and function objects. This
+allows the creation
+
+For Example:
+```c++
+auto BM_test = [](benchmark::State& st, auto Inputs) { /* ... */ };
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  for (auto& test_input : { /* ... */ })
+      benchmark::RegisterBenchmark(test_input.name(), BM_test, test_input);
+  benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);
+  benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks();
+}
+```
+
+### Multithreaded benchmarks
+In a multithreaded test (benchmark invoked by multiple threads simultaneously),
+it is guaranteed that none of the threads will start until all have called
+`KeepRunning`, and all will have finished before KeepRunning returns false. As
+such, any global setup or teardown can be wrapped in a check against the thread
+index:
+
+```c++
+static void BM_MultiThreaded(benchmark::State& state) {
+  if (state.thread_index == 0) {
+    // Setup code here.
+  }
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    // Run the test as normal.
+  }
+  if (state.thread_index == 0) {
+    // Teardown code here.
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_MultiThreaded)->Threads(2);
+```
+
+If the benchmarked code itself uses threads and you want to compare it to
+single-threaded code, you may want to use real-time ("wallclock") measurements
+for latency comparisons:
+
+```c++
+BENCHMARK(BM_test)->Range(8, 8<<10)->UseRealTime();
+```
+
+Without `UseRealTime`, CPU time is used by default.
+
+
+## Manual timing
+For benchmarking something for which neither CPU time nor real-time are
+correct or accurate enough, completely manual timing is supported using
+the `UseManualTime` function. 
+
+When `UseManualTime` is used, the benchmarked code must call
+`SetIterationTime` once per iteration of the `KeepRunning` loop to
+report the manually measured time.
+
+An example use case for this is benchmarking GPU execution (e.g. OpenCL
+or CUDA kernels, OpenGL or Vulkan or Direct3D draw calls), which cannot
+be accurately measured using CPU time or real-time. Instead, they can be
+measured accurately using a dedicated API, and these measurement results
+can be reported back with `SetIterationTime`.
+
+```c++
+static void BM_ManualTiming(benchmark::State& state) {
+  int microseconds = state.range(0);
+  std::chrono::duration<double, std::micro> sleep_duration {
+    static_cast<double>(microseconds)
+  };
+
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+    // Simulate some useful workload with a sleep
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(sleep_duration);
+    auto end   = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+    auto elapsed_seconds =
+      std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(
+        end - start);
+
+    state.SetIterationTime(elapsed_seconds.count());
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_ManualTiming)->Range(1, 1<<17)->UseManualTime();
+```
+
+### Preventing optimisation
+To prevent a value or expression from being optimized away by the compiler
+the `benchmark::DoNotOptimize(...)` and `benchmark::ClobberMemory()`
+functions can be used.
+
+```c++
+static void BM_test(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+      int x = 0;
+      for (int i=0; i < 64; ++i) {
+        benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x += i);
+      }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+`DoNotOptimize(<expr>)` forces the  *result* of `<expr>` to be stored in either
+memory or a register. For GNU based compilers it acts as read/write barrier
+for global memory. More specifically it forces the compiler to flush pending
+writes to memory and reload any other values as necessary.
+
+Note that `DoNotOptimize(<expr>)` does not prevent optimizations on `<expr>`
+in any way. `<expr>` may even be removed entirely when the result is already
+known. For example:
+
+```c++
+  /* Example 1: `<expr>` is removed entirely. */
+  int foo(int x) { return x + 42; }
+  while (...) DoNotOptimize(foo(0)); // Optimized to DoNotOptimize(42);
+
+  /*  Example 2: Result of '<expr>' is only reused */
+  int bar(int) __attribute__((const));
+  while (...) DoNotOptimize(bar(0)); // Optimized to:
+  // int __result__ = bar(0);
+  // while (...) DoNotOptimize(__result__);
+```
+
+The second tool for preventing optimizations is `ClobberMemory()`. In essence
+`ClobberMemory()` forces the compiler to perform all pending writes to global
+memory. Memory managed by block scope objects must be "escaped" using
+`DoNotOptimize(...)` before it can be clobbered. In the below example
+`ClobberMemory()` prevents the call to `v.push_back(42)` from being optimized
+away.
+
+```c++
+static void BM_vector_push_back(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    std::vector<int> v;
+    v.reserve(1);
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(v.data()); // Allow v.data() to be clobbered.
+    v.push_back(42);
+    benchmark::ClobberMemory(); // Force 42 to be written to memory.
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Note that `ClobberMemory()` is only available for GNU or MSVC based compilers.
+
+### Set time unit manually
+If a benchmark runs a few milliseconds it may be hard to visually compare the
+measured times, since the output data is given in nanoseconds per default. In
+order to manually set the time unit, you can specify it manually:
+
+```c++
+BENCHMARK(BM_test)->Unit(benchmark::kMillisecond);
+```
+
+## Controlling number of iterations
+In all cases, the number of iterations for which the benchmark is run is
+governed by the amount of time the benchmark takes. Concretely, the number of
+iterations is at least one, not more than 1e9, until CPU time is greater than
+the minimum time, or the wallclock time is 5x minimum time. The minimum time is
+set as a flag `--benchmark_min_time` or per benchmark by calling `MinTime` on
+the registered benchmark object.
+
+## Reporting the mean and standard devation by repeated benchmarks
+By default each benchmark is run once and that single result is reported.
+However benchmarks are often noisy and a single result may not be representative
+of the overall behavior. For this reason it's possible to repeatedly rerun the
+benchmark.
+
+The number of runs of each benchmark is specified globally by the
+`--benchmark_repetitions` flag or on a per benchmark basis by calling
+`Repetitions` on the registered benchmark object. When a benchmark is run
+more than once the mean and standard deviation of the runs will be reported.
+
+Additionally the `--benchmark_report_aggregates_only={true|false}` flag or
+`ReportAggregatesOnly(bool)` function can be used to change how repeated tests
+are reported. By default the result of each repeated run is reported. When this
+option is 'true' only the mean and standard deviation of the runs is reported.
+Calling `ReportAggregatesOnly(bool)` on a registered benchmark object overrides
+the value of the flag for that benchmark.
+
+## Fixtures
+Fixture tests are created by
+first defining a type that derives from ::benchmark::Fixture and then
+creating/registering the tests using the following macros:
+
+* `BENCHMARK_F(ClassName, Method)`
+* `BENCHMARK_DEFINE_F(ClassName, Method)`
+* `BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(ClassName, Method)`
+
+For Example:
+
+```c++
+class MyFixture : public benchmark::Fixture {};
+
+BENCHMARK_F(MyFixture, FooTest)(benchmark::State& st) {
+   while (st.KeepRunning()) {
+     ...
+  }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK_DEFINE_F(MyFixture, BarTest)(benchmark::State& st) {
+   while (st.KeepRunning()) {
+     ...
+  }
+}
+/* BarTest is NOT registered */
+BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(MyFixture, BarTest)->Threads(2);
+/* BarTest is now registered */
+```
+
+
+## User-defined counters
+
+You can add your own counters with user-defined names. The example below
+will add columns "Foo", "Bar" and "Baz" in its output:
+
+```c++
+static void UserCountersExample1(benchmark::State& state) {
+  double numFoos = 0, numBars = 0, numBazs = 0;
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    // ... count Foo,Bar,Baz events
+  }
+  state.counters["Foo"] = numFoos;
+  state.counters["Bar"] = numBars;
+  state.counters["Baz"] = numBazs;
+}
+```
+
+The `state.counters` object is a `std::map` with `std::string` keys
+and `Counter` values. The latter is a `double`-like class, via an implicit
+conversion to `double&`. Thus you can use all of the standard arithmetic
+assignment operators (`=,+=,-=,*=,/=`) to change the value of each counter.
+
+In multithreaded benchmarks, each counter is set on the calling thread only.
+When the benchmark finishes, the counters from each thread will be summed;
+the resulting sum is the value which will be shown for the benchmark.
+
+The `Counter` constructor accepts two parameters: the value as a `double`
+and a bit flag which allows you to show counters as rates and/or as
+per-thread averages:
+
+```c++
+  // sets a simple counter
+  state.counters["Foo"] = numFoos;
+
+  // Set the counter as a rate. It will be presented divided
+  // by the duration of the benchmark.
+  state.counters["FooRate"] = Counter(numFoos, benchmark::Counter::kIsRate);
+
+  // Set the counter as a thread-average quantity. It will
+  // be presented divided by the number of threads.
+  state.counters["FooAvg"] = Counter(numFoos, benchmark::Counter::kAvgThreads);
+
+  // There's also a combined flag:
+  state.counters["FooAvgRate"] = Counter(numFoos,benchmark::Counter::kAvgThreadsRate);
+```
+
+When you're compiling in C++11 mode or later you can use `insert()` with
+`std::initializer_list`:
+
+```c++
+  // With C++11, this can be done:
+  state.counters.insert({{"Foo", numFoos}, {"Bar", numBars}, {"Baz", numBazs}});
+  // ... instead of:
+  state.counters["Foo"] = numFoos;
+  state.counters["Bar"] = numBars;
+  state.counters["Baz"] = numBazs;
+```
+
+### Counter reporting
+
+When using the console reporter, by default, user counters are are printed at
+the end after the table, the same way as ``bytes_processed`` and
+``items_processed``. This is best for cases in which there are few counters,
+or where there are only a couple of lines per benchmark. Here's an example of
+the default output:
+
+```
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Benchmark                        Time           CPU Iterations UserCounters...
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+BM_UserCounter/threads:8      2248 ns      10277 ns      68808 Bar=16 Bat=40 Baz=24 Foo=8
+BM_UserCounter/threads:1      9797 ns       9788 ns      71523 Bar=2 Bat=5 Baz=3 Foo=1024m
+BM_UserCounter/threads:2      4924 ns       9842 ns      71036 Bar=4 Bat=10 Baz=6 Foo=2
+BM_UserCounter/threads:4      2589 ns      10284 ns      68012 Bar=8 Bat=20 Baz=12 Foo=4
+BM_UserCounter/threads:8      2212 ns      10287 ns      68040 Bar=16 Bat=40 Baz=24 Foo=8
+BM_UserCounter/threads:16     1782 ns      10278 ns      68144 Bar=32 Bat=80 Baz=48 Foo=16
+BM_UserCounter/threads:32     1291 ns      10296 ns      68256 Bar=64 Bat=160 Baz=96 Foo=32
+BM_UserCounter/threads:4      2615 ns      10307 ns      68040 Bar=8 Bat=20 Baz=12 Foo=4
+BM_Factorial                    26 ns         26 ns   26608979 40320
+BM_Factorial/real_time          26 ns         26 ns   26587936 40320
+BM_CalculatePiRange/1           16 ns         16 ns   45704255 0
+BM_CalculatePiRange/8           73 ns         73 ns    9520927 3.28374
+BM_CalculatePiRange/64         609 ns        609 ns    1140647 3.15746
+BM_CalculatePiRange/512       4900 ns       4901 ns     142696 3.14355
+```
+
+If this doesn't suit you, you can print each counter as a table column by
+passing the flag `--benchmark_counters_tabular=true` to the benchmark
+application. This is best for cases in which there are a lot of counters, or
+a lot of lines per individual benchmark. Note that this will trigger a
+reprinting of the table header any time the counter set changes between
+individual benchmarks. Here's an example of corresponding output when
+`--benchmark_counters_tabular=true` is passed:
+
+```
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Benchmark                        Time           CPU Iterations    Bar   Bat   Baz   Foo
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+BM_UserCounter/threads:8      2198 ns       9953 ns      70688     16    40    24     8
+BM_UserCounter/threads:1      9504 ns       9504 ns      73787      2     5     3     1
+BM_UserCounter/threads:2      4775 ns       9550 ns      72606      4    10     6     2
+BM_UserCounter/threads:4      2508 ns       9951 ns      70332      8    20    12     4
+BM_UserCounter/threads:8      2055 ns       9933 ns      70344     16    40    24     8
+BM_UserCounter/threads:16     1610 ns       9946 ns      70720     32    80    48    16
+BM_UserCounter/threads:32     1192 ns       9948 ns      70496     64   160    96    32
+BM_UserCounter/threads:4      2506 ns       9949 ns      70332      8    20    12     4
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+Benchmark                        Time           CPU Iterations
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+BM_Factorial                    26 ns         26 ns   26392245 40320
+BM_Factorial/real_time          26 ns         26 ns   26494107 40320
+BM_CalculatePiRange/1           15 ns         15 ns   45571597 0
+BM_CalculatePiRange/8           74 ns         74 ns    9450212 3.28374
+BM_CalculatePiRange/64         595 ns        595 ns    1173901 3.15746
+BM_CalculatePiRange/512       4752 ns       4752 ns     147380 3.14355
+BM_CalculatePiRange/4k       37970 ns      37972 ns      18453 3.14184
+BM_CalculatePiRange/32k     303733 ns     303744 ns       2305 3.14162
+BM_CalculatePiRange/256k   2434095 ns    2434186 ns        288 3.1416
+BM_CalculatePiRange/1024k  9721140 ns    9721413 ns         71 3.14159
+BM_CalculatePi/threads:8      2255 ns       9943 ns      70936
+```
+Note above the additional header printed when the benchmark changes from
+``BM_UserCounter`` to ``BM_Factorial``. This is because ``BM_Factorial`` does
+not have the same counter set as ``BM_UserCounter``.
+
+## Exiting Benchmarks in Error
+
+When errors caused by external influences, such as file I/O and network
+communication, occur within a benchmark the
+`State::SkipWithError(const char* msg)` function can be used to skip that run
+of benchmark and report the error. Note that only future iterations of the
+`KeepRunning()` are skipped. Users may explicitly return to exit the
+benchmark immediately.
+
+The `SkipWithError(...)` function may be used at any point within the benchmark,
+including before and after the `KeepRunning()` loop.
+
+For example:
+
+```c++
+static void BM_test(benchmark::State& state) {
+  auto resource = GetResource();
+  if (!resource.good()) {
+      state.SkipWithError("Resource is not good!");
+      // KeepRunning() loop will not be entered.
+  }
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+      auto data = resource.read_data();
+      if (!resource.good()) {
+        state.SkipWithError("Failed to read data!");
+        break; // Needed to skip the rest of the iteration.
+     }
+     do_stuff(data);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Running a subset of the benchmarks
+
+The `--benchmark_filter=<regex>` option can be used to only run the benchmarks
+which match the specified `<regex>`. For example:
+
+```bash
+$ ./run_benchmarks.x --benchmark_filter=BM_memcpy/32
+Run on (1 X 2300 MHz CPU )
+2016-06-25 19:34:24
+Benchmark              Time           CPU Iterations
+----------------------------------------------------
+BM_memcpy/32          11 ns         11 ns   79545455
+BM_memcpy/32k       2181 ns       2185 ns     324074
+BM_memcpy/32          12 ns         12 ns   54687500
+BM_memcpy/32k       1834 ns       1837 ns     357143
+```
+
+
+## Output Formats
+The library supports multiple output formats. Use the
+`--benchmark_format=<console|json|csv>` flag to set the format type. `console`
+is the default format.
+
+The Console format is intended to be a human readable format. By default
+the format generates color output. Context is output on stderr and the 
+tabular data on stdout. Example tabular output looks like:
+```
+Benchmark                               Time(ns)    CPU(ns) Iterations
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+BM_SetInsert/1024/1                        28928      29349      23853  133.097kB/s   33.2742k items/s
+BM_SetInsert/1024/8                        32065      32913      21375  949.487kB/s   237.372k items/s
+BM_SetInsert/1024/10                       33157      33648      21431  1.13369MB/s   290.225k items/s
+```
+
+The JSON format outputs human readable json split into two top level attributes.
+The `context` attribute contains information about the run in general, including
+information about the CPU and the date.
+The `benchmarks` attribute contains a list of ever benchmark run. Example json
+output looks like:
+```json
+{
+  "context": {
+    "date": "2015/03/17-18:40:25",
+    "num_cpus": 40,
+    "mhz_per_cpu": 2801,
+    "cpu_scaling_enabled": false,
+    "build_type": "debug"
+  },
+  "benchmarks": [
+    {
+      "name": "BM_SetInsert/1024/1",
+      "iterations": 94877,
+      "real_time": 29275,
+      "cpu_time": 29836,
+      "bytes_per_second": 134066,
+      "items_per_second": 33516
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_SetInsert/1024/8",
+      "iterations": 21609,
+      "real_time": 32317,
+      "cpu_time": 32429,
+      "bytes_per_second": 986770,
+      "items_per_second": 246693
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_SetInsert/1024/10",
+      "iterations": 21393,
+      "real_time": 32724,
+      "cpu_time": 33355,
+      "bytes_per_second": 1199226,
+      "items_per_second": 299807
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+The CSV format outputs comma-separated values. The `context` is output on stderr
+and the CSV itself on stdout. Example CSV output looks like:
+```
+name,iterations,real_time,cpu_time,bytes_per_second,items_per_second,label
+"BM_SetInsert/1024/1",65465,17890.7,8407.45,475768,118942,
+"BM_SetInsert/1024/8",116606,18810.1,9766.64,3.27646e+06,819115,
+"BM_SetInsert/1024/10",106365,17238.4,8421.53,4.74973e+06,1.18743e+06,
+```
+
+## Output Files
+The library supports writing the output of the benchmark to a file specified
+by `--benchmark_out=<filename>`. The format of the output can be specified
+using `--benchmark_out_format={json|console|csv}`. Specifying
+`--benchmark_out` does not suppress the console output.
+
+## Debug vs Release
+By default, benchmark builds as a debug library. You will see a warning in the output when this is the case. To build it as a release library instead, use:
+
+```
+cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+```
+
+To enable link-time optimisation, use
+
+```
+cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBENCHMARK_ENABLE_LTO=true
+```
+
+## Linking against the library
+When using gcc, it is necessary to link against pthread to avoid runtime exceptions.
+This is due to how gcc implements std::thread.
+See [issue #67](https://github.com/google/benchmark/issues/67) for more details.
+
+## Compiler Support
+
+Google Benchmark uses C++11 when building the library. As such we require
+a modern C++ toolchain, both compiler and standard library.
+
+The following minimum versions are strongly recommended build the library:
+
+* GCC 4.8
+* Clang 3.4
+* Visual Studio 2013
+* Intel 2015 Update 1
+
+Anything older *may* work.
+
+Note: Using the library and its headers in C++03 is supported. C++11 is only
+required to build the library.
+
+# Known Issues
+
+### Windows
+
+* Users must manually link `shlwapi.lib`. Failure to do so may result
+in unresolved symbols.
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/appveyor.yml b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/appveyor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e084f386b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/appveyor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+version: '{build}'
+
+image: Visual Studio 2017
+
+configuration:
+  - Debug
+  - Release
+
+environment:
+  matrix:
+    - compiler: msvc-15-seh
+      generator: "Visual Studio 15 2017"
+
+    - compiler: msvc-15-seh
+      generator: "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+
+    - compiler: msvc-14-seh
+      generator: "Visual Studio 14 2015"
+
+    - compiler: msvc-14-seh
+      generator: "Visual Studio 14 2015 Win64"
+
+    - compiler: msvc-12-seh
+      generator: "Visual Studio 12 2013"
+
+    - compiler: msvc-12-seh
+      generator: "Visual Studio 12 2013 Win64"
+
+    - compiler: gcc-5.3.0-posix
+      generator: "MinGW Makefiles"
+      cxx_path: 'C:\mingw-w64\i686-5.3.0-posix-dwarf-rt_v4-rev0\mingw32\bin'
+      APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+
+matrix:
+  fast_finish: true
+
+install:
+  # git bash conflicts with MinGW makefiles
+  - if "%generator%"=="MinGW Makefiles" (set "PATH=%PATH:C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin;=%")
+  - if not "%cxx_path%"=="" (set "PATH=%PATH%;%cxx_path%")
+
+build_script:
+  - md _build -Force
+  - cd _build
+  - echo %configuration%
+  - cmake -G "%generator%" "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=%configuration%" ..
+  - cmake --build . --config %configuration%
+
+test_script:
+  - ctest -c %configuration% --timeout 300 --output-on-failure
+
+artifacts:
+  - path: '_build/CMakeFiles/*.log'
+    name: logs
+  - path: '_build/Testing/**/*.xml'
+    name: test_results
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/AddCXXCompilerFlag.cmake b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/AddCXXCompilerFlag.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b176ba27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/AddCXXCompilerFlag.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# - Adds a compiler flag if it is supported by the compiler
+#
+# This function checks that the supplied compiler flag is supported and then
+# adds it to the corresponding compiler flags
+#
+#  add_cxx_compiler_flag(<FLAG> [<VARIANT>])
+#
+# - Example
+#
+# include(AddCXXCompilerFlag)
+# add_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wall)
+# add_cxx_compiler_flag(-no-strict-aliasing RELEASE)
+# Requires CMake 2.6+
+
+if(__add_cxx_compiler_flag)
+  return()
+endif()
+set(__add_cxx_compiler_flag INCLUDED)
+
+include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
+
+function(mangle_compiler_flag FLAG OUTPUT)
+  string(TOUPPER "HAVE_CXX_FLAG_${FLAG}" SANITIZED_FLAG)
+  string(REPLACE "+" "X" SANITIZED_FLAG ${SANITIZED_FLAG})
+  string(REGEX REPLACE "[^A-Za-z_0-9]" "_" SANITIZED_FLAG ${SANITIZED_FLAG})
+  string(REGEX REPLACE "_+" "_" SANITIZED_FLAG ${SANITIZED_FLAG})
+  set(${OUTPUT} "${SANITIZED_FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction(mangle_compiler_flag)
+
+function(add_cxx_compiler_flag FLAG)
+  mangle_compiler_flag("${FLAG}" MANGLED_FLAG)
+  set(OLD_CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS}")
+  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS} ${FLAG}")
+  check_cxx_compiler_flag("${FLAG}" ${MANGLED_FLAG})
+  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${OLD_CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS}")
+  if(${MANGLED_FLAG})
+    set(VARIANT ${ARGV1})
+    if(ARGV1)
+      string(TOUPPER "_${VARIANT}" VARIANT)
+    endif()
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS${VARIANT} "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS${VARIANT}} ${FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+  endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function(add_required_cxx_compiler_flag FLAG)
+  mangle_compiler_flag("${FLAG}" MANGLED_FLAG)
+  set(OLD_CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS}")
+  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS} ${FLAG}")
+  check_cxx_compiler_flag("${FLAG}" ${MANGLED_FLAG})
+  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${OLD_CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS}")
+  if(${MANGLED_FLAG})
+    set(VARIANT ${ARGV1})
+    if(ARGV1)
+      string(TOUPPER "_${VARIANT}" VARIANT)
+    endif()
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS${VARIANT} "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS${VARIANT}} ${FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} ${FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+    set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} ${FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+    set(CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS} ${FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+    set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS} ${FLAG}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+  else()
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Required flag '${FLAG}' is not supported by the compiler")
+  endif()
+endfunction()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/CXXFeatureCheck.cmake b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/CXXFeatureCheck.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c4460f0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/CXXFeatureCheck.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# - Compile and run code to check for C++ features
+#
+# This functions compiles a source file under the `cmake` folder
+# and adds the corresponding `HAVE_[FILENAME]` flag to the CMake
+# environment
+#
+#  cxx_feature_check(<FLAG> [<VARIANT>])
+#
+# - Example
+#
+# include(CXXFeatureCheck)
+# cxx_feature_check(STD_REGEX)
+# Requires CMake 2.8.12+
+
+if(__cxx_feature_check)
+  return()
+endif()
+set(__cxx_feature_check INCLUDED)
+
+function(cxx_feature_check FILE)
+  string(TOLOWER ${FILE} FILE)
+  string(TOUPPER ${FILE} VAR)
+  string(TOUPPER "HAVE_${VAR}" FEATURE)
+  if (DEFINED HAVE_${VAR})
+    set(HAVE_${VAR} 1 CACHE INTERNAL "Feature test for ${FILE}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+    add_definitions(-DHAVE_${VAR})
+    return()
+  endif()
+  message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE}")
+  try_run(RUN_${FEATURE} COMPILE_${FEATURE}
+          ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/${FILE}.cpp
+          CMAKE_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS}
+          LINK_LIBRARIES ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES})
+  if(RUN_${FEATURE} EQUAL 0)
+    message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE} -- success")
+    set(HAVE_${VAR} 1 CACHE INTERNAL "Feature test for ${FILE}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+    add_definitions(-DHAVE_${VAR})
+  else()
+    if(NOT COMPILE_${FEATURE})
+      message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE} -- failed to compile")
+    else()
+      message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE} -- compiled but failed to run")
+    endif()
+  endif()
+endfunction()
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/Config.cmake.in b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/Config.cmake.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e9256eea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/Config.cmake.in
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/@targets_export_name@.cmake")
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/GetGitVersion.cmake b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/GetGitVersion.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8dd948004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/GetGitVersion.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# - Returns a version string from Git tags
+#
+# This function inspects the annotated git tags for the project and returns a string
+# into a CMake variable
+#
+#  get_git_version(<var>)
+#
+# - Example
+#
+# include(GetGitVersion)
+# get_git_version(GIT_VERSION)
+#
+# Requires CMake 2.8.11+
+find_package(Git)
+
+if(__get_git_version)
+  return()
+endif()
+set(__get_git_version INCLUDED)
+
+function(get_git_version var)
+  if(GIT_EXECUTABLE)
+      execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} describe --match "v[0-9]*.[0-9]*.[0-9]*" --abbrev=8
+          RESULT_VARIABLE status
+          OUTPUT_VARIABLE GIT_VERSION
+          ERROR_QUIET)
+      if(${status})
+          set(GIT_VERSION "v0.0.0")
+      else()
+          string(STRIP ${GIT_VERSION} GIT_VERSION)
+          string(REGEX REPLACE "-[0-9]+-g" "-" GIT_VERSION ${GIT_VERSION})
+      endif()
+
+      # Work out if the repository is dirty
+      execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} update-index -q --refresh
+          OUTPUT_QUIET
+          ERROR_QUIET)
+      execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} diff-index --name-only HEAD --
+          OUTPUT_VARIABLE GIT_DIFF_INDEX
+          ERROR_QUIET)
+      string(COMPARE NOTEQUAL "${GIT_DIFF_INDEX}" "" GIT_DIRTY)
+      if (${GIT_DIRTY})
+          set(GIT_VERSION "${GIT_VERSION}-dirty")
+      endif()
+  else()
+      set(GIT_VERSION "v0.0.0")
+  endif()
+
+  message("-- git Version: ${GIT_VERSION}")
+  set(${var} ${GIT_VERSION} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/gnu_posix_regex.cpp b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/gnu_posix_regex.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b5b91cdab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/gnu_posix_regex.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include <gnuregex.h>
+#include <string>
+int main() {
+  std::string str = "test0159";
+  regex_t re;
+  int ec = regcomp(&re, "^[a-z]+[0-9]+$", REG_EXTENDED | REG_NOSUB);
+  if (ec != 0) {
+    return ec;
+  }
+  return regexec(&re, str.c_str(), 0, nullptr, 0) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/posix_regex.cpp b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/posix_regex.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..466dc6256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/posix_regex.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include <regex.h>
+#include <string>
+int main() {
+  std::string str = "test0159";
+  regex_t re;
+  int ec = regcomp(&re, "^[a-z]+[0-9]+$", REG_EXTENDED | REG_NOSUB);
+  if (ec != 0) {
+    return ec;
+  }
+  int ret = regexec(&re, str.c_str(), 0, nullptr, 0) ? -1 : 0;
+  regfree(&re);
+  return ret;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/std_regex.cpp b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/std_regex.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..696f2a26b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/std_regex.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include <regex>
+#include <string>
+int main() {
+  const std::string str = "test0159";
+  std::regex re;
+  re = std::regex("^[a-z]+[0-9]+$",
+       std::regex_constants::extended | std::regex_constants::nosubs);
+  return std::regex_search(str, re) ? 0 : -1;
+}
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/steady_clock.cpp b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/steady_clock.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66d50d17e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/steady_clock.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include <chrono>
+
+int main() {
+    typedef std::chrono::steady_clock Clock;
+    Clock::time_point tp = Clock::now();
+    ((void)tp);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/thread_safety_attributes.cpp b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/thread_safety_attributes.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46161babd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/cmake/thread_safety_attributes.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#define HAVE_THREAD_SAFETY_ATTRIBUTES
+#include "../src/mutex.h"
+
+int main() {}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/docs/tools.md b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/docs/tools.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f176f74a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/docs/tools.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Benchmark Tools
+
+## compare_bench.py
+
+The `compare_bench.py` utility which can be used to compare the result of benchmarks.
+The program is invoked like:
+
+``` bash
+$ compare_bench.py <old-benchmark> <new-benchmark> [benchmark options]...
+```
+
+Where `<old-benchmark>` and `<new-benchmark>` either specify a benchmark executable file, or a JSON output file. The type of the input file is automatically detected. If a benchmark executable is specified then the benchmark is run to obtain the results. Otherwise the results are simply loaded from the output file.
+
+The sample output using the JSON test files under `Inputs/` gives:
+
+``` bash
+$ ./compare_bench.py ./gbench/Inputs/test1_run1.json ./gbench/Inputs/test1_run2.json
+Comparing ./gbench/Inputs/test1_run1.json to ./gbench/Inputs/test1_run2.json
+Benchmark                   Time           CPU
+----------------------------------------------
+BM_SameTimes               +0.00         +0.00
+BM_2xFaster                -0.50         -0.50
+BM_2xSlower                +1.00         +1.00
+BM_10PercentFaster         -0.10         -0.10
+BM_10PercentSlower         +0.10         +0.10
+```
+
+When a benchmark executable is run, the raw output from the benchmark is printed in real time to stdout. The sample output using `benchmark/basic_test` for both arguments looks like:
+
+```
+./compare_bench.py  test/basic_test test/basic_test  --benchmark_filter=BM_empty.*
+RUNNING: test/basic_test --benchmark_filter=BM_empty.*
+Run on (4 X 4228.32 MHz CPU s)
+2016-08-02 19:21:33
+Benchmark                              Time           CPU Iterations
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+BM_empty                               9 ns          9 ns   79545455
+BM_empty/threads:4                     4 ns          9 ns   75268816
+BM_empty_stop_start                    8 ns          8 ns   83333333
+BM_empty_stop_start/threads:4          3 ns          8 ns   83333332
+RUNNING: test/basic_test --benchmark_filter=BM_empty.*
+Run on (4 X 4228.32 MHz CPU s)
+2016-08-02 19:21:35
+Benchmark                              Time           CPU Iterations
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+BM_empty                               9 ns          9 ns   76086957
+BM_empty/threads:4                     4 ns          9 ns   76086956
+BM_empty_stop_start                    8 ns          8 ns   87500000
+BM_empty_stop_start/threads:4          3 ns          8 ns   88607596
+Comparing test/basic_test to test/basic_test
+Benchmark                              Time           CPU
+---------------------------------------------------------
+BM_empty                              +0.00         +0.00
+BM_empty/threads:4                    +0.00         +0.00
+BM_empty_stop_start                   +0.00         +0.00
+BM_empty_stop_start/threads:4         +0.00         +0.00
+```
+
+Obviously this example doesn't give any useful output, but it's intended to show the output format when 'compare_bench.py' needs to run benchmarks.
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd3b0ffb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1210 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Support for registering benchmarks for functions.
+
+/* Example usage:
+// Define a function that executes the code to be measured a
+// specified number of times:
+static void BM_StringCreation(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning())
+    std::string empty_string;
+}
+
+// Register the function as a benchmark
+BENCHMARK(BM_StringCreation);
+
+// Define another benchmark
+static void BM_StringCopy(benchmark::State& state) {
+  std::string x = "hello";
+  while (state.KeepRunning())
+    std::string copy(x);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_StringCopy);
+
+// Augment the main() program to invoke benchmarks if specified
+// via the --benchmarks command line flag.  E.g.,
+//       my_unittest --benchmark_filter=all
+//       my_unittest --benchmark_filter=BM_StringCreation
+//       my_unittest --benchmark_filter=String
+//       my_unittest --benchmark_filter='Copy|Creation'
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);
+  benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Sometimes a family of microbenchmarks can be implemented with
+// just one routine that takes an extra argument to specify which
+// one of the family of benchmarks to run.  For example, the following
+// code defines a family of microbenchmarks for measuring the speed
+// of memcpy() calls of different lengths:
+
+static void BM_memcpy(benchmark::State& state) {
+  char* src = new char[state.range(0)]; char* dst = new char[state.range(0)];
+  memset(src, 'x', state.range(0));
+  while (state.KeepRunning())
+    memcpy(dst, src, state.range(0));
+  state.SetBytesProcessed(int64_t(state.iterations()) *
+                          int64_t(state.range(0)));
+  delete[] src; delete[] dst;
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_memcpy)->Arg(8)->Arg(64)->Arg(512)->Arg(1<<10)->Arg(8<<10);
+
+// The preceding code is quite repetitive, and can be replaced with the
+// following short-hand.  The following invocation will pick a few
+// appropriate arguments in the specified range and will generate a
+// microbenchmark for each such argument.
+BENCHMARK(BM_memcpy)->Range(8, 8<<10);
+
+// You might have a microbenchmark that depends on two inputs.  For
+// example, the following code defines a family of microbenchmarks for
+// measuring the speed of set insertion.
+static void BM_SetInsert(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    state.PauseTiming();
+    set<int> data = ConstructRandomSet(state.range(0));
+    state.ResumeTiming();
+    for (int j = 0; j < state.range(1); ++j)
+      data.insert(RandomNumber());
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)
+   ->Args({1<<10, 1})
+   ->Args({1<<10, 8})
+   ->Args({1<<10, 64})
+   ->Args({1<<10, 512})
+   ->Args({8<<10, 1})
+   ->Args({8<<10, 8})
+   ->Args({8<<10, 64})
+   ->Args({8<<10, 512});
+
+// The preceding code is quite repetitive, and can be replaced with
+// the following short-hand.  The following macro will pick a few
+// appropriate arguments in the product of the two specified ranges
+// and will generate a microbenchmark for each such pair.
+BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)->Ranges({{1<<10, 8<<10}, {1, 512}});
+
+// For more complex patterns of inputs, passing a custom function
+// to Apply allows programmatic specification of an
+// arbitrary set of arguments to run the microbenchmark on.
+// The following example enumerates a dense range on
+// one parameter, and a sparse range on the second.
+static void CustomArguments(benchmark::internal::Benchmark* b) {
+  for (int i = 0; i <= 10; ++i)
+    for (int j = 32; j <= 1024*1024; j *= 8)
+      b->Args({i, j});
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)->Apply(CustomArguments);
+
+// Templated microbenchmarks work the same way:
+// Produce then consume 'size' messages 'iters' times
+// Measures throughput in the absence of multiprogramming.
+template <class Q> int BM_Sequential(benchmark::State& state) {
+  Q q;
+  typename Q::value_type v;
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    for (int i = state.range(0); i--; )
+      q.push(v);
+    for (int e = state.range(0); e--; )
+      q.Wait(&v);
+  }
+  // actually messages, not bytes:
+  state.SetBytesProcessed(
+      static_cast<int64_t>(state.iterations())*state.range(0));
+}
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_Sequential, WaitQueue<int>)->Range(1<<0, 1<<10);
+
+Use `Benchmark::MinTime(double t)` to set the minimum time used to run the
+benchmark. This option overrides the `benchmark_min_time` flag.
+
+void BM_test(benchmark::State& state) {
+ ... body ...
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_test)->MinTime(2.0); // Run for at least 2 seconds.
+
+In a multithreaded test, it is guaranteed that none of the threads will start
+until all have called KeepRunning, and all will have finished before KeepRunning
+returns false. As such, any global setup or teardown you want to do can be
+wrapped in a check against the thread index:
+
+static void BM_MultiThreaded(benchmark::State& state) {
+  if (state.thread_index == 0) {
+    // Setup code here.
+  }
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    // Run the test as normal.
+  }
+  if (state.thread_index == 0) {
+    // Teardown code here.
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_MultiThreaded)->Threads(4);
+
+
+If a benchmark runs a few milliseconds it may be hard to visually compare the
+measured times, since the output data is given in nanoseconds per default. In
+order to manually set the time unit, you can specify it manually:
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_test)->Unit(benchmark::kMillisecond);
+*/
+
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_BENCHMARK_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_BENCHMARK_H_
+
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#define BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11
+#endif
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11)
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <utility>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#include <intrin.h> // for _ReadWriteBarrier
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11
+#define BENCHMARK_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TypeName) \
+  TypeName(const TypeName&);                         \
+  TypeName& operator=(const TypeName&)
+#else
+#define BENCHMARK_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TypeName) \
+  TypeName(const TypeName&) = delete;                \
+  TypeName& operator=(const TypeName&) = delete
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define BENCHMARK_UNUSED __attribute__((unused))
+#define BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE __attribute__((always_inline))
+#define BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#define BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT_OP(x) noexcept(x)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+#define BENCHMARK_UNUSED
+#define BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE __forceinline
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1900
+#define BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#define BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT_OP(x) noexcept(x)
+#else
+#define BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT
+#define BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT_OP(x)
+#endif
+#define __func__ __FUNCTION__
+#else
+#define BENCHMARK_UNUSED
+#define BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
+#define BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT
+#define BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT_OP(x)
+#endif
+
+#define BENCHMARK_INTERNAL_TOSTRING2(x) #x
+#define BENCHMARK_INTERNAL_TOSTRING(x) BENCHMARK_INTERNAL_TOSTRING2(x)
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define BENCHMARK_BUILTIN_EXPECT(x, y) __builtin_expect(x, y)
+#define BENCHMARK_DEPRECATED_MSG(msg) __attribute__((deprecated(msg)))
+#else
+#define BENCHMARK_BUILTIN_EXPECT(x, y) x
+#define BENCHMARK_DEPRECATED_MSG(msg)
+#define BENCHMARK_WARNING_MSG(msg) __pragma(message(__FILE__ "(" BENCHMARK_INTERNAL_TOSTRING(__LINE__) ") : warning note: " msg))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#define BENCHMARK_GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__)
+#endif
+
+
+namespace benchmark {
+class BenchmarkReporter;
+
+void Initialize(int* argc, char** argv);
+
+// Report to stdout all arguments in 'argv' as unrecognized except the first.
+// Returns true there is at least on unrecognized argument (i.e. 'argc' > 1).
+bool ReportUnrecognizedArguments(int argc, char** argv);
+
+// Generate a list of benchmarks matching the specified --benchmark_filter flag
+// and if --benchmark_list_tests is specified return after printing the name
+// of each matching benchmark. Otherwise run each matching benchmark and
+// report the results.
+//
+// The second and third overload use the specified 'console_reporter' and
+//  'file_reporter' respectively. 'file_reporter' will write to the file
+//  specified
+//   by '--benchmark_output'. If '--benchmark_output' is not given the
+//  'file_reporter' is ignored.
+//
+// RETURNS: The number of matching benchmarks.
+size_t RunSpecifiedBenchmarks();
+size_t RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(BenchmarkReporter* console_reporter);
+size_t RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(BenchmarkReporter* console_reporter,
+                              BenchmarkReporter* file_reporter);
+
+// If this routine is called, peak memory allocation past this point in the
+// benchmark is reported at the end of the benchmark report line. (It is
+// computed by running the benchmark once with a single iteration and a memory
+// tracer.)
+// TODO(dominic)
+// void MemoryUsage();
+
+namespace internal {
+class Benchmark;
+class BenchmarkImp;
+class BenchmarkFamilies;
+
+void UseCharPointer(char const volatile*);
+
+// Take ownership of the pointer and register the benchmark. Return the
+// registered benchmark.
+Benchmark* RegisterBenchmarkInternal(Benchmark*);
+
+// Ensure that the standard streams are properly initialized in every TU.
+int InitializeStreams();
+BENCHMARK_UNUSED static int stream_init_anchor = InitializeStreams();
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+
+#if !defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__pnacl__) || defined(EMSCRIPTN)
+# define BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_INLINE_ASSEMBLY
+#endif
+
+// The DoNotOptimize(...) function can be used to prevent a value or
+// expression from being optimized away by the compiler. This function is
+// intended to add little to no overhead.
+// See: https://youtu.be/nXaxk27zwlk?t=2441
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_INLINE_ASSEMBLY
+template <class Tp>
+inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE void DoNotOptimize(Tp const& value) {
+  // Clang doesn't like the 'X' constraint on `value` and certain GCC versions
+  // don't like the 'g' constraint. Attempt to placate them both.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+  asm volatile("" : : "g"(value) : "memory");
+#else
+  asm volatile("" : : "i,r,m"(value) : "memory");
+#endif
+}
+// Force the compiler to flush pending writes to global memory. Acts as an
+// effective read/write barrier
+inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE void ClobberMemory() {
+  asm volatile("" : : : "memory");
+}
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+template <class Tp>
+inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE void DoNotOptimize(Tp const& value) {
+  internal::UseCharPointer(&reinterpret_cast<char const volatile&>(value));
+  _ReadWriteBarrier();
+}
+
+inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE void ClobberMemory() {
+  _ReadWriteBarrier();
+}
+#else
+template <class Tp>
+inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE void DoNotOptimize(Tp const& value) {
+  internal::UseCharPointer(&reinterpret_cast<char const volatile&>(value));
+}
+// FIXME Add ClobberMemory() for non-gnu and non-msvc compilers
+#endif
+
+
+
+// This class is used for user-defined counters.
+class Counter {
+public:
+
+  enum Flags {
+    kDefaults   = 0,
+    // Mark the counter as a rate. It will be presented divided
+    // by the duration of the benchmark.
+    kIsRate     = 1,
+    // Mark the counter as a thread-average quantity. It will be
+    // presented divided by the number of threads.
+    kAvgThreads = 2,
+    // Mark the counter as a thread-average rate. See above.
+    kAvgThreadsRate = kIsRate|kAvgThreads
+  };
+
+  double value;
+  Flags  flags;
+
+  BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  Counter(double v = 0., Flags f = kDefaults) : value(v), flags(f) {}
+
+  BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE operator double const& () const { return value; }
+  BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE operator double      & ()       { return value; }
+
+};
+
+// This is the container for the user-defined counters.
+typedef std::map<std::string, Counter> UserCounters;
+
+
+// TimeUnit is passed to a benchmark in order to specify the order of magnitude
+// for the measured time.
+enum TimeUnit { kNanosecond, kMicrosecond, kMillisecond };
+
+// BigO is passed to a benchmark in order to specify the asymptotic
+// computational
+// complexity for the benchmark. In case oAuto is selected, complexity will be
+// calculated automatically to the best fit.
+enum BigO { oNone, o1, oN, oNSquared, oNCubed, oLogN, oNLogN, oAuto, oLambda };
+
+// BigOFunc is passed to a benchmark in order to specify the asymptotic
+// computational complexity for the benchmark.
+typedef double(BigOFunc)(int);
+
+namespace internal {
+class ThreadTimer;
+class ThreadManager;
+
+enum ReportMode
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11)
+  : unsigned
+#else
+#endif
+  {
+  RM_Unspecified,  // The mode has not been manually specified
+  RM_Default,      // The mode is user-specified as default.
+  RM_ReportAggregatesOnly
+};
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// State is passed to a running Benchmark and contains state for the
+// benchmark to use.
+class State {
+ public:
+  // Returns true if the benchmark should continue through another iteration.
+  // NOTE: A benchmark may not return from the test until KeepRunning() has
+  // returned false.
+  bool KeepRunning() {
+    if (BENCHMARK_BUILTIN_EXPECT(!started_, false)) {
+      StartKeepRunning();
+    }
+    bool const res = total_iterations_++ < max_iterations;
+    if (BENCHMARK_BUILTIN_EXPECT(!res, false)) {
+      FinishKeepRunning();
+    }
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  // REQUIRES: timer is running and 'SkipWithError(...)' has not been called
+  //           by the current thread.
+  // Stop the benchmark timer.  If not called, the timer will be
+  // automatically stopped after KeepRunning() returns false for the first time.
+  //
+  // For threaded benchmarks the PauseTiming() function only pauses the timing
+  // for the current thread.
+  //
+  // NOTE: The "real time" measurement is per-thread. If different threads
+  // report different measurements the largest one is reported.
+  //
+  // NOTE: PauseTiming()/ResumeTiming() are relatively
+  // heavyweight, and so their use should generally be avoided
+  // within each benchmark iteration, if possible.
+  void PauseTiming();
+
+  // REQUIRES: timer is not running and 'SkipWithError(...)' has not been called
+  //           by the current thread.
+  // Start the benchmark timer.  The timer is NOT running on entrance to the
+  // benchmark function. It begins running after the first call to KeepRunning()
+  //
+  // NOTE: PauseTiming()/ResumeTiming() are relatively
+  // heavyweight, and so their use should generally be avoided
+  // within each benchmark iteration, if possible.
+  void ResumeTiming();
+
+  // REQUIRES: 'SkipWithError(...)' has not been called previously by the
+  //            current thread.
+  // Skip any future iterations of the 'KeepRunning()' loop in the current
+  // thread and report an error with the specified 'msg'. After this call
+  // the user may explicitly 'return' from the benchmark.
+  //
+  // For threaded benchmarks only the current thread stops executing and future
+  // calls to `KeepRunning()` will block until all threads have completed
+  // the `KeepRunning()` loop. If multiple threads report an error only the
+  // first error message is used.
+  //
+  // NOTE: Calling 'SkipWithError(...)' does not cause the benchmark to exit
+  // the current scope immediately. If the function is called from within
+  // the 'KeepRunning()' loop the current iteration will finish. It is the users
+  // responsibility to exit the scope as needed.
+  void SkipWithError(const char* msg);
+
+  // REQUIRES: called exactly once per iteration of the KeepRunning loop.
+  // Set the manually measured time for this benchmark iteration, which
+  // is used instead of automatically measured time if UseManualTime() was
+  // specified.
+  //
+  // For threaded benchmarks the final value will be set to the largest
+  // reported values.
+  void SetIterationTime(double seconds);
+
+  // Set the number of bytes processed by the current benchmark
+  // execution.  This routine is typically called once at the end of a
+  // throughput oriented benchmark.  If this routine is called with a
+  // value > 0, the report is printed in MB/sec instead of nanoseconds
+  // per iteration.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: a benchmark has exited its KeepRunning loop.
+  BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  void SetBytesProcessed(size_t bytes) { bytes_processed_ = bytes; }
+
+  BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  size_t bytes_processed() const { return bytes_processed_; }
+
+  // If this routine is called with complexity_n > 0 and complexity report is
+  // requested for the
+  // family benchmark, then current benchmark will be part of the computation
+  // and complexity_n will
+  // represent the length of N.
+  BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  void SetComplexityN(int complexity_n) { complexity_n_ = complexity_n; }
+
+  BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  int complexity_length_n() { return complexity_n_; }
+
+  // If this routine is called with items > 0, then an items/s
+  // label is printed on the benchmark report line for the currently
+  // executing benchmark. It is typically called at the end of a processing
+  // benchmark where a processing items/second output is desired.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: a benchmark has exited its KeepRunning loop.
+  BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  void SetItemsProcessed(size_t items) { items_processed_ = items; }
+
+  BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  size_t items_processed() const { return items_processed_; }
+
+  // If this routine is called, the specified label is printed at the
+  // end of the benchmark report line for the currently executing
+  // benchmark.  Example:
+  //  static void BM_Compress(benchmark::State& state) {
+  //    ...
+  //    double compress = input_size / output_size;
+  //    state.SetLabel(StringPrintf("compress:%.1f%%", 100.0*compression));
+  //  }
+  // Produces output that looks like:
+  //  BM_Compress   50         50   14115038  compress:27.3%
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: a benchmark has exited its KeepRunning loop.
+  void SetLabel(const char* label);
+
+  void BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE SetLabel(const std::string& str) {
+    this->SetLabel(str.c_str());
+  }
+
+  // Range arguments for this run. CHECKs if the argument has been set.
+  BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  int range(std::size_t pos = 0) const {
+    assert(range_.size() > pos);
+    return range_[pos];
+  }
+
+  BENCHMARK_DEPRECATED_MSG("use 'range(0)' instead")
+  int range_x() const { return range(0); }
+
+  BENCHMARK_DEPRECATED_MSG("use 'range(1)' instead")
+  int range_y() const { return range(1); }
+
+  BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  size_t iterations() const { return total_iterations_; }
+
+ private:
+  bool started_;
+  bool finished_;
+  size_t total_iterations_;
+
+  std::vector<int> range_;
+
+  size_t bytes_processed_;
+  size_t items_processed_;
+
+  int complexity_n_;
+
+  bool error_occurred_;
+
+ public:
+  // Container for user-defined counters.
+  UserCounters counters;
+  // Index of the executing thread. Values from [0, threads).
+  const int thread_index;
+  // Number of threads concurrently executing the benchmark.
+  const int threads;
+  const size_t max_iterations;
+
+  // TODO(EricWF) make me private
+  State(size_t max_iters, const std::vector<int>& ranges, int thread_i,
+        int n_threads, internal::ThreadTimer* timer,
+        internal::ThreadManager* manager);
+
+ private:
+  void StartKeepRunning();
+  void FinishKeepRunning();
+  internal::ThreadTimer* timer_;
+  internal::ThreadManager* manager_;
+  BENCHMARK_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(State);
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+
+typedef void(Function)(State&);
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------
+// Benchmark registration object.  The BENCHMARK() macro expands
+// into an internal::Benchmark* object.  Various methods can
+// be called on this object to change the properties of the benchmark.
+// Each method returns "this" so that multiple method calls can
+// chained into one expression.
+class Benchmark {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Benchmark();
+
+  // Note: the following methods all return "this" so that multiple
+  // method calls can be chained together in one expression.
+
+  // Run this benchmark once with "x" as the extra argument passed
+  // to the function.
+  // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept an arg1.
+  Benchmark* Arg(int x);
+
+  // Run this benchmark with the given time unit for the generated output report
+  Benchmark* Unit(TimeUnit unit);
+
+  // Run this benchmark once for a number of values picked from the
+  // range [start..limit].  (start and limit are always picked.)
+  // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept an arg1.
+  Benchmark* Range(int start, int limit);
+
+  // Run this benchmark once for all values in the range [start..limit] with
+  // specific step
+  // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept an arg1.
+  Benchmark* DenseRange(int start, int limit, int step = 1);
+
+  // Run this benchmark once with "args" as the extra arguments passed
+  // to the function.
+  // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept arg1, arg2 ...
+  Benchmark* Args(const std::vector<int>& args);
+
+  // Equivalent to Args({x, y})
+  // NOTE: This is a legacy C++03 interface provided for compatibility only.
+  //   New code should use 'Args'.
+  Benchmark* ArgPair(int x, int y) {
+    std::vector<int> args;
+    args.push_back(x);
+    args.push_back(y);
+    return Args(args);
+  }
+
+  // Run this benchmark once for a number of values picked from the
+  // ranges [start..limit].  (starts and limits are always picked.)
+  // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept arg1, arg2 ...
+  Benchmark* Ranges(const std::vector<std::pair<int, int> >& ranges);
+
+  // Equivalent to ArgNames({name})
+  Benchmark* ArgName(const std::string& name);
+
+  // Set the argument names to display in the benchmark name. If not called,
+  // only argument values will be shown.
+  Benchmark* ArgNames(const std::vector<std::string>& names);
+
+  // Equivalent to Ranges({{lo1, hi1}, {lo2, hi2}}).
+  // NOTE: This is a legacy C++03 interface provided for compatibility only.
+  //   New code should use 'Ranges'.
+  Benchmark* RangePair(int lo1, int hi1, int lo2, int hi2) {
+    std::vector<std::pair<int, int> > ranges;
+    ranges.push_back(std::make_pair(lo1, hi1));
+    ranges.push_back(std::make_pair(lo2, hi2));
+    return Ranges(ranges);
+  }
+
+  // Pass this benchmark object to *func, which can customize
+  // the benchmark by calling various methods like Arg, Args,
+  // Threads, etc.
+  Benchmark* Apply(void (*func)(Benchmark* benchmark));
+
+  // Set the range multiplier for non-dense range. If not called, the range
+  // multiplier kRangeMultiplier will be used.
+  Benchmark* RangeMultiplier(int multiplier);
+
+  // Set the minimum amount of time to use when running this benchmark. This
+  // option overrides the `benchmark_min_time` flag.
+  // REQUIRES: `t > 0` and `Iterations` has not been called on this benchmark.
+  Benchmark* MinTime(double t);
+
+  // Specify the amount of iterations that should be run by this benchmark.
+  // REQUIRES: 'n > 0' and `MinTime` has not been called on this benchmark.
+  //
+  // NOTE: This function should only be used when *exact* iteration control is
+  //   needed and never to control or limit how long a benchmark runs, where
+  // `--benchmark_min_time=N` or `MinTime(...)` should be used instead.
+  Benchmark* Iterations(size_t n);
+
+  // Specify the amount of times to repeat this benchmark. This option overrides
+  // the `benchmark_repetitions` flag.
+  // REQUIRES: `n > 0`
+  Benchmark* Repetitions(int n);
+
+  // Specify if each repetition of the benchmark should be reported separately
+  // or if only the final statistics should be reported. If the benchmark
+  // is not repeated then the single result is always reported.
+  Benchmark* ReportAggregatesOnly(bool value = true);
+
+  // If a particular benchmark is I/O bound, runs multiple threads internally or
+  // if for some reason CPU timings are not representative, call this method. If
+  // called, the elapsed time will be used to control how many iterations are
+  // run, and in the printing of items/second or MB/seconds values.  If not
+  // called, the cpu time used by the benchmark will be used.
+  Benchmark* UseRealTime();
+
+  // If a benchmark must measure time manually (e.g. if GPU execution time is
+  // being
+  // measured), call this method. If called, each benchmark iteration should
+  // call
+  // SetIterationTime(seconds) to report the measured time, which will be used
+  // to control how many iterations are run, and in the printing of items/second
+  // or MB/second values.
+  Benchmark* UseManualTime();
+
+  // Set the asymptotic computational complexity for the benchmark. If called
+  // the asymptotic computational complexity will be shown on the output.
+  Benchmark* Complexity(BigO complexity = benchmark::oAuto);
+
+  // Set the asymptotic computational complexity for the benchmark. If called
+  // the asymptotic computational complexity will be shown on the output.
+  Benchmark* Complexity(BigOFunc* complexity);
+
+  // Support for running multiple copies of the same benchmark concurrently
+  // in multiple threads.  This may be useful when measuring the scaling
+  // of some piece of code.
+
+  // Run one instance of this benchmark concurrently in t threads.
+  Benchmark* Threads(int t);
+
+  // Pick a set of values T from [min_threads,max_threads].
+  // min_threads and max_threads are always included in T.  Run this
+  // benchmark once for each value in T.  The benchmark run for a
+  // particular value t consists of t threads running the benchmark
+  // function concurrently.  For example, consider:
+  //    BENCHMARK(Foo)->ThreadRange(1,16);
+  // This will run the following benchmarks:
+  //    Foo in 1 thread
+  //    Foo in 2 threads
+  //    Foo in 4 threads
+  //    Foo in 8 threads
+  //    Foo in 16 threads
+  Benchmark* ThreadRange(int min_threads, int max_threads);
+
+  // For each value n in the range, run this benchmark once using n threads.
+  // min_threads and max_threads are always included in the range.
+  // stride specifies the increment. E.g. DenseThreadRange(1, 8, 3) starts
+  // a benchmark with 1, 4, 7 and 8 threads.
+  Benchmark* DenseThreadRange(int min_threads, int max_threads, int stride = 1);
+
+  // Equivalent to ThreadRange(NumCPUs(), NumCPUs())
+  Benchmark* ThreadPerCpu();
+
+  virtual void Run(State& state) = 0;
+
+  // Used inside the benchmark implementation
+  struct Instance;
+
+ protected:
+  explicit Benchmark(const char* name);
+  Benchmark(Benchmark const&);
+  void SetName(const char* name);
+
+  int ArgsCnt() const;
+
+  static void AddRange(std::vector<int>* dst, int lo, int hi, int mult);
+
+ private:
+  friend class BenchmarkFamilies;
+
+  std::string name_;
+  ReportMode report_mode_;
+  std::vector<std::string> arg_names_;   // Args for all benchmark runs
+  std::vector<std::vector<int> > args_;  // Args for all benchmark runs
+  TimeUnit time_unit_;
+  int range_multiplier_;
+  double min_time_;
+  size_t iterations_;
+  int repetitions_;
+  bool use_real_time_;
+  bool use_manual_time_;
+  BigO complexity_;
+  BigOFunc* complexity_lambda_;
+  std::vector<int> thread_counts_;
+
+  Benchmark& operator=(Benchmark const&);
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Create and register a benchmark with the specified 'name' that invokes
+// the specified functor 'fn'.
+//
+// RETURNS: A pointer to the registered benchmark.
+internal::Benchmark* RegisterBenchmark(const char* name,
+                                       internal::Function* fn);
+
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11)
+template <class Lambda>
+internal::Benchmark* RegisterBenchmark(const char* name, Lambda&& fn);
+#endif
+
+// Remove all registered benchmarks. All pointers to previously registered
+// benchmarks are invalidated.
+void ClearRegisteredBenchmarks();
+
+namespace internal {
+// The class used to hold all Benchmarks created from static function.
+// (ie those created using the BENCHMARK(...) macros.
+class FunctionBenchmark : public Benchmark {
+ public:
+  FunctionBenchmark(const char* name, Function* func)
+      : Benchmark(name), func_(func) {}
+
+  virtual void Run(State& st);
+
+ private:
+  Function* func_;
+};
+
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11
+template <class Lambda>
+class LambdaBenchmark : public Benchmark {
+ public:
+  virtual void Run(State& st) { lambda_(st); }
+
+ private:
+  template <class OLambda>
+  LambdaBenchmark(const char* name, OLambda&& lam)
+      : Benchmark(name), lambda_(std::forward<OLambda>(lam)) {}
+
+  LambdaBenchmark(LambdaBenchmark const&) = delete;
+
+ private:
+  template <class Lam>
+  friend Benchmark* ::benchmark::RegisterBenchmark(const char*, Lam&&);
+
+  Lambda lambda_;
+};
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+inline internal::Benchmark* RegisterBenchmark(const char* name,
+                                              internal::Function* fn) {
+  return internal::RegisterBenchmarkInternal(
+      ::new internal::FunctionBenchmark(name, fn));
+}
+
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11
+template <class Lambda>
+internal::Benchmark* RegisterBenchmark(const char* name, Lambda&& fn) {
+  using BenchType =
+      internal::LambdaBenchmark<typename std::decay<Lambda>::type>;
+  return internal::RegisterBenchmarkInternal(
+      ::new BenchType(name, std::forward<Lambda>(fn)));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11) && \
+    (!defined(BENCHMARK_GCC_VERSION) || BENCHMARK_GCC_VERSION >= 409)
+template <class Lambda, class... Args>
+internal::Benchmark* RegisterBenchmark(const char* name, Lambda&& fn,
+                                       Args&&... args) {
+  return benchmark::RegisterBenchmark(
+      name, [=](benchmark::State& st) { fn(st, args...); });
+}
+#else
+#define BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_VARIADIC_REGISTER_BENCHMARK
+#endif
+
+// The base class for all fixture tests.
+class Fixture : public internal::Benchmark {
+ public:
+  Fixture() : internal::Benchmark("") {}
+
+  virtual void Run(State& st) {
+    this->SetUp(st);
+    this->BenchmarkCase(st);
+    this->TearDown(st);
+  }
+
+  // These will be deprecated ...
+  virtual void SetUp(const State&) {}
+  virtual void TearDown(const State&) {}
+  // ... In favor of these.
+  virtual void SetUp(State& st) { SetUp(const_cast<const State&>(st)); }
+  virtual void TearDown(State& st) { TearDown(const_cast<const State&>(st)); }
+
+ protected:
+  virtual void BenchmarkCase(State&) = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace benchmark
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------
+// Macro to register benchmarks
+
+// Check that __COUNTER__ is defined and that __COUNTER__ increases by 1
+// every time it is expanded. X + 1 == X + 0 is used in case X is defined to be
+// empty. If X is empty the expression becomes (+1 == +0).
+#if defined(__COUNTER__) && (__COUNTER__ + 1 == __COUNTER__ + 0)
+#define BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_UNIQUE_ID __COUNTER__
+#else
+#define BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_UNIQUE_ID __LINE__
+#endif
+
+// Helpers for generating unique variable names
+#define BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_NAME(n) \
+  BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_CONCAT(_benchmark_, BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_UNIQUE_ID, n)
+#define BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_CONCAT(a, b, c) BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_CONCAT2(a, b, c)
+#define BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_CONCAT2(a, b, c) a##b##c
+
+#define BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_DECLARE(n)                                 \
+  static ::benchmark::internal::Benchmark* BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_NAME(n) \
+      BENCHMARK_UNUSED
+
+#define BENCHMARK(n)                                     \
+  BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_DECLARE(n) =                         \
+      (::benchmark::internal::RegisterBenchmarkInternal( \
+          new ::benchmark::internal::FunctionBenchmark(#n, n)))
+
+// Old-style macros
+#define BENCHMARK_WITH_ARG(n, a) BENCHMARK(n)->Arg((a))
+#define BENCHMARK_WITH_ARG2(n, a1, a2) BENCHMARK(n)->Args({(a1), (a2)})
+#define BENCHMARK_WITH_UNIT(n, t) BENCHMARK(n)->Unit((t))
+#define BENCHMARK_RANGE(n, lo, hi) BENCHMARK(n)->Range((lo), (hi))
+#define BENCHMARK_RANGE2(n, l1, h1, l2, h2) \
+  BENCHMARK(n)->RangePair({{(l1), (h1)}, {(l2), (h2)}})
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+
+// Register a benchmark which invokes the function specified by `func`
+// with the additional arguments specified by `...`.
+//
+// For example:
+//
+// template <class ...ExtraArgs>`
+// void BM_takes_args(benchmark::State& state, ExtraArgs&&... extra_args) {
+//  [...]
+//}
+// /* Registers a benchmark named "BM_takes_args/int_string_test` */
+// BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(BM_takes_args, int_string_test, 42, std::string("abc"));
+#define BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(func, test_case_name, ...)     \
+  BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_DECLARE(func) =                      \
+      (::benchmark::internal::RegisterBenchmarkInternal( \
+          new ::benchmark::internal::FunctionBenchmark(  \
+              #func "/" #test_case_name,                 \
+              [](::benchmark::State& st) { func(st, __VA_ARGS__); })))
+
+#endif  // __cplusplus >= 11
+
+// This will register a benchmark for a templatized function.  For example:
+//
+// template<int arg>
+// void BM_Foo(int iters);
+//
+// BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_Foo, 1);
+//
+// will register BM_Foo<1> as a benchmark.
+#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1(n, a)                        \
+  BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_DECLARE(n) =                         \
+      (::benchmark::internal::RegisterBenchmarkInternal( \
+          new ::benchmark::internal::FunctionBenchmark(#n "<" #a ">", n<a>)))
+
+#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE2(n, a, b)                                         \
+  BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_DECLARE(n) =                                             \
+      (::benchmark::internal::RegisterBenchmarkInternal(                     \
+          new ::benchmark::internal::FunctionBenchmark(#n "<" #a "," #b ">", \
+                                                       n<a, b>)))
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(n, ...)                       \
+  BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_DECLARE(n) =                         \
+      (::benchmark::internal::RegisterBenchmarkInternal( \
+          new ::benchmark::internal::FunctionBenchmark(  \
+              #n "<" #__VA_ARGS__ ">", n<__VA_ARGS__>)))
+#else
+#define BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(n, a) BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1(n, a)
+#endif
+
+#define BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(BaseClass, Method)        \
+  class BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark : public BaseClass { \
+   public:                                                    \
+    BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark() : BaseClass() {        \
+      this->SetName(#BaseClass "/" #Method);                  \
+    }                                                         \
+                                                              \
+   protected:                                                 \
+    virtual void BenchmarkCase(::benchmark::State&);          \
+  };
+
+#define BENCHMARK_DEFINE_F(BaseClass, Method)    \
+  BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(BaseClass, Method) \
+  void BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark::BenchmarkCase
+
+#define BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(BaseClass, Method) \
+  BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_REGISTER_F(BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark)
+
+#define BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_REGISTER_F(TestName) \
+  BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_DECLARE(TestName) =        \
+      (::benchmark::internal::RegisterBenchmarkInternal(new TestName()))
+
+// This macro will define and register a benchmark within a fixture class.
+#define BENCHMARK_F(BaseClass, Method)           \
+  BENCHMARK_PRIVATE_DECLARE_F(BaseClass, Method) \
+  BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(BaseClass, Method);       \
+  void BaseClass##_##Method##_Benchmark::BenchmarkCase
+
+// Helper macro to create a main routine in a test that runs the benchmarks
+#define BENCHMARK_MAIN()                   \
+  int main(int argc, char** argv) {        \
+    ::benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);  \
+    if (::benchmark::ReportUnrecognizedArguments(argc, argv)) return 1; \
+    ::benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(); \
+  }
+
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------
+// Benchmark Reporters
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+// Interface for custom benchmark result printers.
+// By default, benchmark reports are printed to stdout. However an application
+// can control the destination of the reports by calling
+// RunSpecifiedBenchmarks and passing it a custom reporter object.
+// The reporter object must implement the following interface.
+class BenchmarkReporter {
+ public:
+  struct Context {
+    int num_cpus;
+    double mhz_per_cpu;
+    bool cpu_scaling_enabled;
+
+    // The number of chars in the longest benchmark name.
+    size_t name_field_width;
+  };
+
+  struct Run {
+    Run()
+        : error_occurred(false),
+          iterations(1),
+          time_unit(kNanosecond),
+          real_accumulated_time(0),
+          cpu_accumulated_time(0),
+          bytes_per_second(0),
+          items_per_second(0),
+          max_heapbytes_used(0),
+          complexity(oNone),
+          complexity_lambda(),
+          complexity_n(0),
+          report_big_o(false),
+          report_rms(false),
+          counters() {}
+
+    std::string benchmark_name;
+    std::string report_label;  // Empty if not set by benchmark.
+    bool error_occurred;
+    std::string error_message;
+
+    int64_t iterations;
+    TimeUnit time_unit;
+    double real_accumulated_time;
+    double cpu_accumulated_time;
+
+    // Return a value representing the real time per iteration in the unit
+    // specified by 'time_unit'.
+    // NOTE: If 'iterations' is zero the returned value represents the
+    // accumulated time.
+    double GetAdjustedRealTime() const;
+
+    // Return a value representing the cpu time per iteration in the unit
+    // specified by 'time_unit'.
+    // NOTE: If 'iterations' is zero the returned value represents the
+    // accumulated time.
+    double GetAdjustedCPUTime() const;
+
+    // Zero if not set by benchmark.
+    double bytes_per_second;
+    double items_per_second;
+
+    // This is set to 0.0 if memory tracing is not enabled.
+    double max_heapbytes_used;
+
+    // Keep track of arguments to compute asymptotic complexity
+    BigO complexity;
+    BigOFunc* complexity_lambda;
+    int complexity_n;
+
+    // Inform print function whether the current run is a complexity report
+    bool report_big_o;
+    bool report_rms;
+
+    UserCounters counters;
+  };
+
+  // Construct a BenchmarkReporter with the output stream set to 'std::cout'
+  // and the error stream set to 'std::cerr'
+  BenchmarkReporter();
+
+  // Called once for every suite of benchmarks run.
+  // The parameter "context" contains information that the
+  // reporter may wish to use when generating its report, for example the
+  // platform under which the benchmarks are running. The benchmark run is
+  // never started if this function returns false, allowing the reporter
+  // to skip runs based on the context information.
+  virtual bool ReportContext(const Context& context) = 0;
+
+  // Called once for each group of benchmark runs, gives information about
+  // cpu-time and heap memory usage during the benchmark run. If the group
+  // of runs contained more than two entries then 'report' contains additional
+  // elements representing the mean and standard deviation of those runs.
+  // Additionally if this group of runs was the last in a family of benchmarks
+  // 'reports' contains additional entries representing the asymptotic
+  // complexity and RMS of that benchmark family.
+  virtual void ReportRuns(const std::vector<Run>& report) = 0;
+
+  // Called once and only once after ever group of benchmarks is run and
+  // reported.
+  virtual void Finalize() {}
+
+  // REQUIRES: The object referenced by 'out' is valid for the lifetime
+  // of the reporter.
+  void SetOutputStream(std::ostream* out) {
+    assert(out);
+    output_stream_ = out;
+  }
+
+  // REQUIRES: The object referenced by 'err' is valid for the lifetime
+  // of the reporter.
+  void SetErrorStream(std::ostream* err) {
+    assert(err);
+    error_stream_ = err;
+  }
+
+  std::ostream& GetOutputStream() const { return *output_stream_; }
+
+  std::ostream& GetErrorStream() const { return *error_stream_; }
+
+  virtual ~BenchmarkReporter();
+
+  // Write a human readable string to 'out' representing the specified
+  // 'context'.
+  // REQUIRES: 'out' is non-null.
+  static void PrintBasicContext(std::ostream* out, Context const& context);
+
+ private:
+  std::ostream* output_stream_;
+  std::ostream* error_stream_;
+};
+
+// Simple reporter that outputs benchmark data to the console. This is the
+// default reporter used by RunSpecifiedBenchmarks().
+class ConsoleReporter : public BenchmarkReporter {
+public:
+  enum OutputOptions {
+    OO_None = 0,
+    OO_Color = 1,
+    OO_Tabular = 2,
+    OO_ColorTabular = OO_Color|OO_Tabular,
+    OO_Defaults = OO_ColorTabular
+  };
+  explicit ConsoleReporter(OutputOptions opts_ = OO_Defaults)
+      : output_options_(opts_), name_field_width_(0),
+        prev_counters_(), printed_header_(false) {}
+
+  virtual bool ReportContext(const Context& context);
+  virtual void ReportRuns(const std::vector<Run>& reports);
+
+ protected:
+  virtual void PrintRunData(const Run& report);
+  virtual void PrintHeader(const Run& report);
+
+  OutputOptions output_options_;
+  size_t name_field_width_;
+  UserCounters prev_counters_;
+  bool printed_header_;
+};
+
+class JSONReporter : public BenchmarkReporter {
+ public:
+  JSONReporter() : first_report_(true) {}
+  virtual bool ReportContext(const Context& context);
+  virtual void ReportRuns(const std::vector<Run>& reports);
+  virtual void Finalize();
+
+ private:
+  void PrintRunData(const Run& report);
+
+  bool first_report_;
+};
+
+class CSVReporter : public BenchmarkReporter {
+ public:
+  CSVReporter() : printed_header_(false) {}
+  virtual bool ReportContext(const Context& context);
+  virtual void ReportRuns(const std::vector<Run>& reports);
+
+ private:
+  void PrintRunData(const Run& report);
+
+  bool printed_header_;
+  std::set< std::string > user_counter_names_;
+};
+
+inline const char* GetTimeUnitString(TimeUnit unit) {
+  switch (unit) {
+    case kMillisecond:
+      return "ms";
+    case kMicrosecond:
+      return "us";
+    case kNanosecond:
+    default:
+      return "ns";
+  }
+}
+
+inline double GetTimeUnitMultiplier(TimeUnit unit) {
+  switch (unit) {
+    case kMillisecond:
+      return 1e3;
+    case kMicrosecond:
+      return 1e6;
+    case kNanosecond:
+    default:
+      return 1e9;
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_BENCHMARK_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark_api.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark_api.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9ae67147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark_api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_BENCHMARK_API_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_BENCHMARK_API_H_
+
+#ifdef __DEPRECATED
+# ifndef BENCHMARK_WARNING_MSG
+#   warning the benchmark_api.h header has been deprecated and will be removed, please include benchmark.h instead
+# else
+    BENCHMARK_WARNING_MSG("the benchmark_api.h header has been deprecated and will be removed, please include benchmark.h instead")
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#include "benchmark.h"  // For forward declaration of BenchmarkReporter
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_BENCHMARK_API_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/include/benchmark/reporter.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/include/benchmark/reporter.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5baca1a74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/include/benchmark/reporter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_REPORTER_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_REPORTER_H_
+
+#ifdef __DEPRECATED
+# ifndef BENCHMARK_WARNING_MSG
+#   warning the reporter.h header has been deprecated and will be removed, please include benchmark.h instead
+# else
+    BENCHMARK_WARNING_MSG("the reporter.h header has been deprecated and will be removed, please include benchmark.h instead")
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#include "benchmark.h"  // For forward declaration of BenchmarkReporter
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_REPORTER_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/mingw.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/mingw.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..706ad559d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/mingw.py
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+import argparse
+import errno
+import logging
+import os
+import platform
+import re
+import sys
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+
+try:
+    import winreg
+except ImportError:
+    import _winreg as winreg
+try:
+    import urllib.request as request
+except ImportError:
+    import urllib as request
+try:
+    import urllib.parse as parse
+except ImportError:
+    import urlparse as parse
+
+class EmptyLogger(object):
+    '''
+    Provides an implementation that performs no logging
+    '''
+    def debug(self, *k, **kw):
+        pass
+    def info(self, *k, **kw):
+        pass
+    def warn(self, *k, **kw):
+        pass
+    def error(self, *k, **kw):
+        pass
+    def critical(self, *k, **kw):
+        pass
+    def setLevel(self, *k, **kw):
+        pass
+
+urls = (
+    'http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw-w64/Toolchains%20'
+        'targetting%20Win32/Personal%20Builds/mingw-builds/installer/'
+        'repository.txt',
+    'http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingwbuilds/host-windows/'
+        'repository.txt'
+)
+'''
+A list of mingw-build repositories
+'''
+
+def repository(urls = urls, log = EmptyLogger()):
+    '''
+    Downloads and parse mingw-build repository files and parses them
+    '''
+    log.info('getting mingw-builds repository')
+    versions = {}
+    re_sourceforge = re.compile(r'http://sourceforge.net/projects/([^/]+)/files')
+    re_sub = r'http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/\1'
+    for url in urls:
+        log.debug(' - requesting: %s', url)
+        socket = request.urlopen(url)
+        repo = socket.read()
+        if not isinstance(repo, str):
+            repo = repo.decode();
+        socket.close()
+        for entry in repo.split('\n')[:-1]:
+            value = entry.split('|')
+            version = tuple([int(n) for n in value[0].strip().split('.')])
+            version = versions.setdefault(version, {})
+            arch = value[1].strip()
+            if arch == 'x32':
+                arch = 'i686'
+            elif arch == 'x64':
+                arch = 'x86_64'
+            arch = version.setdefault(arch, {})
+            threading = arch.setdefault(value[2].strip(), {})
+            exceptions = threading.setdefault(value[3].strip(), {})
+            revision = exceptions.setdefault(int(value[4].strip()[3:]),
+                re_sourceforge.sub(re_sub, value[5].strip()))
+    return versions
+
+def find_in_path(file, path=None):
+    '''
+    Attempts to find an executable in the path
+    '''
+    if platform.system() == 'Windows':
+        file += '.exe'
+    if path is None:
+        path = os.environ.get('PATH', '')
+    if type(path) is type(''):
+        path = path.split(os.pathsep)
+    return list(filter(os.path.exists,
+        map(lambda dir, file=file: os.path.join(dir, file), path)))
+
+def find_7zip(log = EmptyLogger()):
+    '''
+    Attempts to find 7zip for unpacking the mingw-build archives
+    '''
+    log.info('finding 7zip')
+    path = find_in_path('7z')
+    if not path:
+        key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, r'SOFTWARE\7-Zip')
+        path, _ = winreg.QueryValueEx(key, 'Path')
+        path = [os.path.join(path, '7z.exe')]
+    log.debug('found \'%s\'', path[0])
+    return path[0]
+
+find_7zip()
+
+def unpack(archive, location, log = EmptyLogger()):
+    '''
+    Unpacks a mingw-builds archive
+    '''
+    sevenzip = find_7zip(log)
+    log.info('unpacking %s', os.path.basename(archive))
+    cmd = [sevenzip, 'x', archive, '-o' + location, '-y']
+    log.debug(' - %r', cmd)
+    with open(os.devnull, 'w') as devnull:
+        subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout = devnull)
+
+def download(url, location, log = EmptyLogger()):
+    '''
+    Downloads and unpacks a mingw-builds archive
+    '''
+    log.info('downloading MinGW')
+    log.debug(' - url: %s', url)
+    log.debug(' - location: %s', location)
+
+    re_content = re.compile(r'attachment;[ \t]*filename=(")?([^"]*)(")?[\r\n]*')
+
+    stream = request.urlopen(url)
+    try:
+        content = stream.getheader('Content-Disposition') or ''
+    except AttributeError:
+        content = stream.headers.getheader('Content-Disposition') or ''
+    matches = re_content.match(content)
+    if matches:
+        filename = matches.group(2)
+    else:
+        parsed = parse.urlparse(stream.geturl())
+        filename = os.path.basename(parsed.path)
+
+    try:
+        os.makedirs(location)
+    except OSError as e:
+        if e.errno == errno.EEXIST and os.path.isdir(location):
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise
+
+    archive = os.path.join(location, filename)
+    with open(archive, 'wb') as out:
+        while True:
+            buf = stream.read(1024)
+            if not buf:
+                break
+            out.write(buf)
+    unpack(archive, location, log = log)
+    os.remove(archive)
+
+    possible = os.path.join(location, 'mingw64')
+    if not os.path.exists(possible):
+        possible = os.path.join(location, 'mingw32')
+        if not os.path.exists(possible):
+            raise ValueError('Failed to find unpacked MinGW: ' + possible)
+    return possible
+
+def root(location = None, arch = None, version = None, threading = None,
+        exceptions = None, revision = None, log = EmptyLogger()):
+    '''
+    Returns the root folder of a specific version of the mingw-builds variant
+    of gcc. Will download the compiler if needed
+    '''
+
+    # Get the repository if we don't have all the information
+    if not (arch and version and threading and exceptions and revision):
+        versions = repository(log = log)
+
+    # Determine some defaults
+    version = version or max(versions.keys())
+    if not arch:
+        arch = platform.machine().lower()
+        if arch == 'x86':
+            arch = 'i686'
+        elif arch == 'amd64':
+            arch = 'x86_64'
+    if not threading:
+        keys = versions[version][arch].keys()
+        if 'posix' in keys:
+            threading = 'posix'
+        elif 'win32' in keys:
+            threading = 'win32'
+        else:
+            threading = keys[0]
+    if not exceptions:
+        keys = versions[version][arch][threading].keys()
+        if 'seh' in keys:
+            exceptions = 'seh'
+        elif 'sjlj' in keys:
+            exceptions = 'sjlj'
+        else:
+            exceptions = keys[0]
+    if revision == None:
+        revision = max(versions[version][arch][threading][exceptions].keys())
+    if not location:
+        location = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), 'mingw-builds')
+
+    # Get the download url
+    url = versions[version][arch][threading][exceptions][revision]
+
+    # Tell the user whatzzup
+    log.info('finding MinGW %s', '.'.join(str(v) for v in version))
+    log.debug(' - arch: %s', arch)
+    log.debug(' - threading: %s', threading)
+    log.debug(' - exceptions: %s', exceptions)
+    log.debug(' - revision: %s', revision)
+    log.debug(' - url: %s', url)
+
+    # Store each specific revision differently
+    slug = '{version}-{arch}-{threading}-{exceptions}-rev{revision}'
+    slug = slug.format(
+        version = '.'.join(str(v) for v in version),
+        arch = arch,
+        threading = threading,
+        exceptions = exceptions,
+        revision = revision
+    )
+    if arch == 'x86_64':
+        root_dir = os.path.join(location, slug, 'mingw64')
+    elif arch == 'i686':
+        root_dir = os.path.join(location, slug, 'mingw32')
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('Unknown MinGW arch: ' + arch)
+
+    # Download if needed
+    if not os.path.exists(root_dir):
+        downloaded = download(url, os.path.join(location, slug), log = log)
+        if downloaded != root_dir:
+            raise ValueError('The location of mingw did not match\n%s\n%s'
+                % (downloaded, root_dir))
+
+    return root_dir
+
+def str2ver(string):
+    '''
+    Converts a version string into a tuple
+    '''
+    try:
+        version = tuple(int(v) for v in string.split('.'))
+        if len(version) is not 3:
+            raise ValueError()
+    except ValueError:
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+            'please provide a three digit version string')
+    return version
+
+def main():
+    '''
+    Invoked when the script is run directly by the python interpreter
+    '''
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description = 'Downloads a specific version of MinGW',
+        formatter_class = argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter
+    )
+    parser.add_argument('--location',
+        help = 'the location to download the compiler to',
+        default = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), 'mingw-builds'))
+    parser.add_argument('--arch', required = True, choices = ['i686', 'x86_64'],
+        help = 'the target MinGW architecture string')
+    parser.add_argument('--version', type = str2ver,
+        help = 'the version of GCC to download')
+    parser.add_argument('--threading', choices = ['posix', 'win32'],
+        help = 'the threading type of the compiler')
+    parser.add_argument('--exceptions', choices = ['sjlj', 'seh', 'dwarf'],
+        help = 'the method to throw exceptions')
+    parser.add_argument('--revision', type=int,
+        help = 'the revision of the MinGW release')
+    group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    group.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='store_true',
+        help='increase the script output verbosity')
+    group.add_argument('-q', '--quiet', action='store_true',
+        help='only print errors and warning')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    # Create the logger
+    logger = logging.getLogger('mingw')
+    handler = logging.StreamHandler()
+    formatter = logging.Formatter('%(message)s')
+    handler.setFormatter(formatter)
+    logger.addHandler(handler)
+    logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    if args.quiet:
+        logger.setLevel(logging.WARN)
+    if args.verbose:
+        logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+
+    # Get MinGW
+    root_dir = root(location = args.location, arch = args.arch,
+        version = args.version, threading = args.threading,
+        exceptions = args.exceptions, revision = args.revision,
+        log = logger)
+
+    sys.stdout.write('%s\n' % os.path.join(root_dir, 'bin'))
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    try:
+        main()
+    except IOError as e:
+        sys.stderr.write('IO error: %s\n' % e)
+        sys.exit(1)
+    except OSError as e:
+        sys.stderr.write('OS error: %s\n' % e)
+        sys.exit(1)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt as e:
+        sys.stderr.write('Killed\n')
+        sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/CMakeLists.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..244484b8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Allow the source files to find headers in src/
+include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src)
+
+if (DEFINED BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS)
+  list(APPEND CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS})
+  list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS})
+endif()
+
+file(GLOB
+  SOURCE_FILES
+    *.cc
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/benchmark/*.h
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.h)
+
+add_library(benchmark ${SOURCE_FILES})
+set_target_properties(benchmark PROPERTIES
+  OUTPUT_NAME "benchmark"
+  VERSION ${GENERIC_LIB_VERSION}
+  SOVERSION ${GENERIC_LIB_SOVERSION}
+)
+target_include_directories(benchmark PUBLIC
+    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include>
+    )
+
+# Link threads.
+target_link_libraries(benchmark  ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+find_library(LIBRT rt)
+if(LIBRT)
+  target_link_libraries(benchmark ${LIBRT})
+endif()
+
+# We need extra libraries on Windows
+if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Windows")
+  target_link_libraries(benchmark Shlwapi)
+endif()
+
+set(include_install_dir "include")
+set(lib_install_dir "lib/")
+set(bin_install_dir "bin/")
+set(config_install_dir "lib/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}")
+
+set(generated_dir "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/generated")
+
+set(version_config "${generated_dir}/${PROJECT_NAME}ConfigVersion.cmake")
+set(project_config "${generated_dir}/${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake")
+set(targets_export_name "${PROJECT_NAME}Targets")
+
+set(namespace "${PROJECT_NAME}::")
+
+include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
+write_basic_package_version_file(
+    "${version_config}" VERSION ${GIT_VERSION} COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion
+)
+
+configure_file("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/Config.cmake.in" "${project_config}" @ONLY)
+
+# Install target (will install the library to specified CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX variable)
+install(
+  TARGETS benchmark
+  EXPORT ${targets_export_name}
+  ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${lib_install_dir}
+  LIBRARY DESTINATION ${lib_install_dir}
+  RUNTIME DESTINATION ${bin_install_dir}
+  INCLUDES DESTINATION ${include_install_dir})
+
+install(
+  DIRECTORY "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/benchmark"
+  DESTINATION ${include_install_dir}
+  FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.*h")
+
+install(
+    FILES "${project_config}" "${version_config}"
+    DESTINATION "${config_install_dir}")
+
+install(
+    EXPORT "${targets_export_name}"
+    NAMESPACE "${namespace}"
+    DESTINATION "${config_install_dir}")
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/arraysize.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/arraysize.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51a50f2df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/arraysize.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_ARRAYSIZE_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_ARRAYSIZE_H_
+
+#include "internal_macros.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+namespace internal {
+// The arraysize(arr) macro returns the # of elements in an array arr.
+// The expression is a compile-time constant, and therefore can be
+// used in defining new arrays, for example.  If you use arraysize on
+// a pointer by mistake, you will get a compile-time error.
+//
+
+// This template function declaration is used in defining arraysize.
+// Note that the function doesn't need an implementation, as we only
+// use its type.
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+char (&ArraySizeHelper(T (&array)[N]))[N];
+
+// That gcc wants both of these prototypes seems mysterious. VC, for
+// its part, can't decide which to use (another mystery). Matching of
+// template overloads: the final frontier.
+#ifndef COMPILER_MSVC
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+char (&ArraySizeHelper(const T (&array)[N]))[N];
+#endif
+
+#define arraysize(array) (sizeof(::benchmark::internal::ArraySizeHelper(array)))
+
+}  // end namespace internal
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_ARRAYSIZE_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/benchmark.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/benchmark.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ba0a50ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/benchmark.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,715 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "benchmark_api_internal.h"
+#include "internal_macros.h"
+
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "check.h"
+#include "colorprint.h"
+#include "commandlineflags.h"
+#include "complexity.h"
+#include "counter.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "mutex.h"
+#include "re.h"
+#include "stat.h"
+#include "string_util.h"
+#include "sysinfo.h"
+#include "timers.h"
+
+DEFINE_bool(benchmark_list_tests, false,
+            "Print a list of benchmarks. This option overrides all other "
+            "options.");
+
+DEFINE_string(benchmark_filter, ".",
+              "A regular expression that specifies the set of benchmarks "
+              "to execute.  If this flag is empty, no benchmarks are run.  "
+              "If this flag is the string \"all\", all benchmarks linked "
+              "into the process are run.");
+
+DEFINE_double(benchmark_min_time, 0.5,
+              "Minimum number of seconds we should run benchmark before "
+              "results are considered significant.  For cpu-time based "
+              "tests, this is the lower bound on the total cpu time "
+              "used by all threads that make up the test.  For real-time "
+              "based tests, this is the lower bound on the elapsed time "
+              "of the benchmark execution, regardless of number of "
+              "threads.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(benchmark_repetitions, 1,
+             "The number of runs of each benchmark. If greater than 1, the "
+             "mean and standard deviation of the runs will be reported.");
+
+DEFINE_bool(benchmark_report_aggregates_only, false,
+            "Report the result of each benchmark repetitions. When 'true' is "
+            "specified only the mean, standard deviation, and other statistics "
+            "are reported for repeated benchmarks.");
+
+DEFINE_string(benchmark_format, "console",
+              "The format to use for console output. Valid values are "
+              "'console', 'json', or 'csv'.");
+
+DEFINE_string(benchmark_out_format, "json",
+              "The format to use for file output. Valid values are "
+              "'console', 'json', or 'csv'.");
+
+DEFINE_string(benchmark_out, "", "The file to write additonal output to");
+
+DEFINE_string(benchmark_color, "auto",
+              "Whether to use colors in the output.  Valid values: "
+              "'true'/'yes'/1, 'false'/'no'/0, and 'auto'. 'auto' means to use "
+              "colors if the output is being sent to a terminal and the TERM "
+              "environment variable is set to a terminal type that supports "
+              "colors.");
+
+DEFINE_bool(benchmark_counters_tabular, false,
+            "Whether to use tabular format when printing user counters to "
+            "the console.  Valid values: 'true'/'yes'/1, 'false'/'no'/0."
+            "Defaults to false.");
+
+DEFINE_int32(v, 0, "The level of verbose logging to output");
+
+namespace benchmark {
+namespace internal {
+
+void UseCharPointer(char const volatile*) {}
+
+}  // end namespace internal
+
+namespace {
+
+static const size_t kMaxIterations = 1000000000;
+
+}  // end namespace
+
+namespace internal {
+
+class ThreadManager {
+ public:
+  ThreadManager(int num_threads)
+      : alive_threads_(num_threads), start_stop_barrier_(num_threads) {}
+
+  Mutex& GetBenchmarkMutex() const RETURN_CAPABILITY(benchmark_mutex_) {
+    return benchmark_mutex_;
+  }
+
+  bool StartStopBarrier() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) {
+    return start_stop_barrier_.wait();
+  }
+
+  void NotifyThreadComplete() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) {
+    start_stop_barrier_.removeThread();
+    if (--alive_threads_ == 0) {
+      MutexLock lock(end_cond_mutex_);
+      end_condition_.notify_all();
+    }
+  }
+
+  void WaitForAllThreads() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) {
+    MutexLock lock(end_cond_mutex_);
+    end_condition_.wait(lock.native_handle(),
+                        [this]() { return alive_threads_ == 0; });
+  }
+
+ public:
+  struct Result {
+    double real_time_used = 0;
+    double cpu_time_used = 0;
+    double manual_time_used = 0;
+    int64_t bytes_processed = 0;
+    int64_t items_processed = 0;
+    int complexity_n = 0;
+    std::string report_label_;
+    std::string error_message_;
+    bool has_error_ = false;
+    UserCounters counters;
+  };
+  GUARDED_BY(GetBenchmarkMutex()) Result results;
+
+ private:
+  mutable Mutex benchmark_mutex_;
+  std::atomic<int> alive_threads_;
+  Barrier start_stop_barrier_;
+  Mutex end_cond_mutex_;
+  Condition end_condition_;
+};
+
+// Timer management class
+class ThreadTimer {
+ public:
+  ThreadTimer() = default;
+
+  // Called by each thread
+  void StartTimer() {
+    running_ = true;
+    start_real_time_ = ChronoClockNow();
+    start_cpu_time_ = ThreadCPUUsage();
+  }
+
+  // Called by each thread
+  void StopTimer() {
+    CHECK(running_);
+    running_ = false;
+    real_time_used_ += ChronoClockNow() - start_real_time_;
+    cpu_time_used_ += ThreadCPUUsage() - start_cpu_time_;
+  }
+
+  // Called by each thread
+  void SetIterationTime(double seconds) { manual_time_used_ += seconds; }
+
+  bool running() const { return running_; }
+
+  // REQUIRES: timer is not running
+  double real_time_used() {
+    CHECK(!running_);
+    return real_time_used_;
+  }
+
+  // REQUIRES: timer is not running
+  double cpu_time_used() {
+    CHECK(!running_);
+    return cpu_time_used_;
+  }
+
+  // REQUIRES: timer is not running
+  double manual_time_used() {
+    CHECK(!running_);
+    return manual_time_used_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool running_ = false;        // Is the timer running
+  double start_real_time_ = 0;  // If running_
+  double start_cpu_time_ = 0;   // If running_
+
+  // Accumulated time so far (does not contain current slice if running_)
+  double real_time_used_ = 0;
+  double cpu_time_used_ = 0;
+  // Manually set iteration time. User sets this with SetIterationTime(seconds).
+  double manual_time_used_ = 0;
+};
+
+namespace {
+
+BenchmarkReporter::Run CreateRunReport(
+    const benchmark::internal::Benchmark::Instance& b,
+    const internal::ThreadManager::Result& results, size_t iters,
+    double seconds) {
+  // Create report about this benchmark run.
+  BenchmarkReporter::Run report;
+
+  report.benchmark_name = b.name;
+  report.error_occurred = results.has_error_;
+  report.error_message = results.error_message_;
+  report.report_label = results.report_label_;
+  // Report the total iterations across all threads.
+  report.iterations = static_cast<int64_t>(iters) * b.threads;
+  report.time_unit = b.time_unit;
+
+  if (!report.error_occurred) {
+    double bytes_per_second = 0;
+    if (results.bytes_processed > 0 && seconds > 0.0) {
+      bytes_per_second = (results.bytes_processed / seconds);
+    }
+    double items_per_second = 0;
+    if (results.items_processed > 0 && seconds > 0.0) {
+      items_per_second = (results.items_processed / seconds);
+    }
+
+    if (b.use_manual_time) {
+      report.real_accumulated_time = results.manual_time_used;
+    } else {
+      report.real_accumulated_time = results.real_time_used;
+    }
+    report.cpu_accumulated_time = results.cpu_time_used;
+    report.bytes_per_second = bytes_per_second;
+    report.items_per_second = items_per_second;
+    report.complexity_n = results.complexity_n;
+    report.complexity = b.complexity;
+    report.complexity_lambda = b.complexity_lambda;
+    report.counters = results.counters;
+    internal::Finish(&report.counters, seconds, b.threads);
+  }
+  return report;
+}
+
+// Execute one thread of benchmark b for the specified number of iterations.
+// Adds the stats collected for the thread into *total.
+void RunInThread(const benchmark::internal::Benchmark::Instance* b,
+                 size_t iters, int thread_id,
+                 internal::ThreadManager* manager) {
+  internal::ThreadTimer timer;
+  State st(iters, b->arg, thread_id, b->threads, &timer, manager);
+  b->benchmark->Run(st);
+  CHECK(st.iterations() == st.max_iterations)
+      << "Benchmark returned before State::KeepRunning() returned false!";
+  {
+    MutexLock l(manager->GetBenchmarkMutex());
+    internal::ThreadManager::Result& results = manager->results;
+    results.cpu_time_used += timer.cpu_time_used();
+    results.real_time_used += timer.real_time_used();
+    results.manual_time_used += timer.manual_time_used();
+    results.bytes_processed += st.bytes_processed();
+    results.items_processed += st.items_processed();
+    results.complexity_n += st.complexity_length_n();
+    internal::Increment(&results.counters, st.counters);
+  }
+  manager->NotifyThreadComplete();
+}
+
+std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> RunBenchmark(
+    const benchmark::internal::Benchmark::Instance& b,
+    std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run>* complexity_reports) {
+  std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> reports;  // return value
+
+  const bool has_explicit_iteration_count = b.iterations != 0;
+  size_t iters = has_explicit_iteration_count ? b.iterations : 1;
+  std::unique_ptr<internal::ThreadManager> manager;
+  std::vector<std::thread> pool(b.threads - 1);
+  const int repeats =
+      b.repetitions != 0 ? b.repetitions : FLAGS_benchmark_repetitions;
+  const bool report_aggregates_only =
+      repeats != 1 &&
+      (b.report_mode == internal::RM_Unspecified
+           ? FLAGS_benchmark_report_aggregates_only
+           : b.report_mode == internal::RM_ReportAggregatesOnly);
+  for (int repetition_num = 0; repetition_num < repeats; repetition_num++) {
+    for (;;) {
+      // Try benchmark
+      VLOG(2) << "Running " << b.name << " for " << iters << "\n";
+
+      manager.reset(new internal::ThreadManager(b.threads));
+      for (std::size_t ti = 0; ti < pool.size(); ++ti) {
+        pool[ti] = std::thread(&RunInThread, &b, iters,
+                               static_cast<int>(ti + 1), manager.get());
+      }
+      RunInThread(&b, iters, 0, manager.get());
+      manager->WaitForAllThreads();
+      for (std::thread& thread : pool) thread.join();
+      internal::ThreadManager::Result results;
+      {
+        MutexLock l(manager->GetBenchmarkMutex());
+        results = manager->results;
+      }
+      manager.reset();
+      // Adjust real/manual time stats since they were reported per thread.
+      results.real_time_used /= b.threads;
+      results.manual_time_used /= b.threads;
+
+      VLOG(2) << "Ran in " << results.cpu_time_used << "/"
+              << results.real_time_used << "\n";
+
+      // Base decisions off of real time if requested by this benchmark.
+      double seconds = results.cpu_time_used;
+      if (b.use_manual_time) {
+        seconds = results.manual_time_used;
+      } else if (b.use_real_time) {
+        seconds = results.real_time_used;
+      }
+
+      const double min_time =
+          !IsZero(b.min_time) ? b.min_time : FLAGS_benchmark_min_time;
+
+      // Determine if this run should be reported; Either it has
+      // run for a sufficient amount of time or because an error was reported.
+      const bool should_report =  repetition_num > 0
+        || has_explicit_iteration_count // An exact iteration count was requested
+        || results.has_error_
+        || iters >= kMaxIterations
+        || seconds >= min_time // the elapsed time is large enough
+        // CPU time is specified but the elapsed real time greatly exceeds the
+        // minimum time. Note that user provided timers are except from this
+        // sanity check.
+        || ((results.real_time_used >= 5 * min_time) && !b.use_manual_time);
+
+      if (should_report) {
+        BenchmarkReporter::Run report =
+            CreateRunReport(b, results, iters, seconds);
+        if (!report.error_occurred && b.complexity != oNone)
+          complexity_reports->push_back(report);
+        reports.push_back(report);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // See how much iterations should be increased by
+      // Note: Avoid division by zero with max(seconds, 1ns).
+      double multiplier = min_time * 1.4 / std::max(seconds, 1e-9);
+      // If our last run was at least 10% of FLAGS_benchmark_min_time then we
+      // use the multiplier directly. Otherwise we use at most 10 times
+      // expansion.
+      // NOTE: When the last run was at least 10% of the min time the max
+      // expansion should be 14x.
+      bool is_significant = (seconds / min_time) > 0.1;
+      multiplier = is_significant ? multiplier : std::min(10.0, multiplier);
+      if (multiplier <= 1.0) multiplier = 2.0;
+      double next_iters = std::max(multiplier * iters, iters + 1.0);
+      if (next_iters > kMaxIterations) {
+        next_iters = kMaxIterations;
+      }
+      VLOG(3) << "Next iters: " << next_iters << ", " << multiplier << "\n";
+      iters = static_cast<int>(next_iters + 0.5);
+    }
+  }
+  // Calculate additional statistics
+  auto stat_reports = ComputeStats(reports);
+  if ((b.complexity != oNone) && b.last_benchmark_instance) {
+    auto additional_run_stats = ComputeBigO(*complexity_reports);
+    stat_reports.insert(stat_reports.end(), additional_run_stats.begin(),
+                        additional_run_stats.end());
+    complexity_reports->clear();
+  }
+
+  if (report_aggregates_only) reports.clear();
+  reports.insert(reports.end(), stat_reports.begin(), stat_reports.end());
+  return reports;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace internal
+
+State::State(size_t max_iters, const std::vector<int>& ranges, int thread_i,
+             int n_threads, internal::ThreadTimer* timer,
+             internal::ThreadManager* manager)
+    : started_(false),
+      finished_(false),
+      total_iterations_(0),
+      range_(ranges),
+      bytes_processed_(0),
+      items_processed_(0),
+      complexity_n_(0),
+      error_occurred_(false),
+      counters(),
+      thread_index(thread_i),
+      threads(n_threads),
+      max_iterations(max_iters),
+      timer_(timer),
+      manager_(manager) {
+  CHECK(max_iterations != 0) << "At least one iteration must be run";
+  CHECK_LT(thread_index, threads) << "thread_index must be less than threads";
+}
+
+void State::PauseTiming() {
+  // Add in time accumulated so far
+  CHECK(started_ && !finished_ && !error_occurred_);
+  timer_->StopTimer();
+}
+
+void State::ResumeTiming() {
+  CHECK(started_ && !finished_ && !error_occurred_);
+  timer_->StartTimer();
+}
+
+void State::SkipWithError(const char* msg) {
+  CHECK(msg);
+  error_occurred_ = true;
+  {
+    MutexLock l(manager_->GetBenchmarkMutex());
+    if (manager_->results.has_error_ == false) {
+      manager_->results.error_message_ = msg;
+      manager_->results.has_error_ = true;
+    }
+  }
+  total_iterations_ = max_iterations;
+  if (timer_->running()) timer_->StopTimer();
+}
+
+void State::SetIterationTime(double seconds) {
+  timer_->SetIterationTime(seconds);
+}
+
+void State::SetLabel(const char* label) {
+  MutexLock l(manager_->GetBenchmarkMutex());
+  manager_->results.report_label_ = label;
+}
+
+void State::StartKeepRunning() {
+  CHECK(!started_ && !finished_);
+  started_ = true;
+  manager_->StartStopBarrier();
+  if (!error_occurred_) ResumeTiming();
+}
+
+void State::FinishKeepRunning() {
+  CHECK(started_ && (!finished_ || error_occurred_));
+  if (!error_occurred_) {
+    PauseTiming();
+  }
+  // Total iterations now is one greater than max iterations. Fix this.
+  total_iterations_ = max_iterations;
+  finished_ = true;
+  manager_->StartStopBarrier();
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+namespace {
+
+void RunBenchmarks(const std::vector<Benchmark::Instance>& benchmarks,
+                           BenchmarkReporter* console_reporter,
+                           BenchmarkReporter* file_reporter) {
+  // Note the file_reporter can be null.
+  CHECK(console_reporter != nullptr);
+
+  // Determine the width of the name field using a minimum width of 10.
+  bool has_repetitions = FLAGS_benchmark_repetitions > 1;
+  size_t name_field_width = 10;
+  for (const Benchmark::Instance& benchmark : benchmarks) {
+    name_field_width =
+        std::max<size_t>(name_field_width, benchmark.name.size());
+    has_repetitions |= benchmark.repetitions > 1;
+  }
+  if (has_repetitions) name_field_width += std::strlen("_stddev");
+
+  // Print header here
+  BenchmarkReporter::Context context;
+  context.num_cpus = NumCPUs();
+  context.mhz_per_cpu = CyclesPerSecond() / 1000000.0f;
+
+  context.cpu_scaling_enabled = CpuScalingEnabled();
+  context.name_field_width = name_field_width;
+
+  // Keep track of runing times of all instances of current benchmark
+  std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> complexity_reports;
+
+  // We flush streams after invoking reporter methods that write to them. This
+  // ensures users get timely updates even when streams are not line-buffered.
+  auto flushStreams = [](BenchmarkReporter* reporter) {
+    if (!reporter) return;
+    std::flush(reporter->GetOutputStream());
+    std::flush(reporter->GetErrorStream());
+  };
+
+  if (console_reporter->ReportContext(context) &&
+      (!file_reporter || file_reporter->ReportContext(context))) {
+    flushStreams(console_reporter);
+    flushStreams(file_reporter);
+    for (const auto& benchmark : benchmarks) {
+      std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> reports =
+          RunBenchmark(benchmark, &complexity_reports);
+      console_reporter->ReportRuns(reports);
+      if (file_reporter) file_reporter->ReportRuns(reports);
+      flushStreams(console_reporter);
+      flushStreams(file_reporter);
+    }
+  }
+  console_reporter->Finalize();
+  if (file_reporter) file_reporter->Finalize();
+  flushStreams(console_reporter);
+  flushStreams(file_reporter);
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<BenchmarkReporter> CreateReporter(
+    std::string const& name, ConsoleReporter::OutputOptions output_opts) {
+  typedef std::unique_ptr<BenchmarkReporter> PtrType;
+  if (name == "console") {
+    return PtrType(new ConsoleReporter(output_opts));
+  } else if (name == "json") {
+    return PtrType(new JSONReporter);
+  } else if (name == "csv") {
+    return PtrType(new CSVReporter);
+  } else {
+    std::cerr << "Unexpected format: '" << name << "'\n";
+    std::exit(1);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // end namespace
+
+bool IsZero(double n) {
+  return std::abs(n) < std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon();
+}
+
+ConsoleReporter::OutputOptions GetOutputOptions(bool force_no_color) {
+  int output_opts = ConsoleReporter::OO_Defaults;
+  if ((FLAGS_benchmark_color == "auto" && IsColorTerminal()) ||
+      IsTruthyFlagValue(FLAGS_benchmark_color)) {
+    output_opts |= ConsoleReporter::OO_Color;
+  } else {
+    output_opts &= ~ConsoleReporter::OO_Color;
+  }
+  if(force_no_color) {
+    output_opts &= ~ConsoleReporter::OO_Color;
+  }
+  if(FLAGS_benchmark_counters_tabular) {
+    output_opts |= ConsoleReporter::OO_Tabular;
+  } else {
+    output_opts &= ~ConsoleReporter::OO_Tabular;
+  }
+  return static_cast< ConsoleReporter::OutputOptions >(output_opts);
+}
+
+}  // end namespace internal
+
+size_t RunSpecifiedBenchmarks() {
+  return RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(nullptr, nullptr);
+}
+
+size_t RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(BenchmarkReporter* console_reporter) {
+  return RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(console_reporter, nullptr);
+}
+
+size_t RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(BenchmarkReporter* console_reporter,
+                              BenchmarkReporter* file_reporter) {
+  std::string spec = FLAGS_benchmark_filter;
+  if (spec.empty() || spec == "all")
+    spec = ".";  // Regexp that matches all benchmarks
+
+  // Setup the reporters
+  std::ofstream output_file;
+  std::unique_ptr<BenchmarkReporter> default_console_reporter;
+  std::unique_ptr<BenchmarkReporter> default_file_reporter;
+  if (!console_reporter) {
+    default_console_reporter = internal::CreateReporter(
+          FLAGS_benchmark_format, internal::GetOutputOptions());
+    console_reporter = default_console_reporter.get();
+  }
+  auto& Out = console_reporter->GetOutputStream();
+  auto& Err = console_reporter->GetErrorStream();
+
+  std::string const& fname = FLAGS_benchmark_out;
+  if (fname.empty() && file_reporter) {
+    Err << "A custom file reporter was provided but "
+           "--benchmark_out=<file> was not specified."
+        << std::endl;
+    std::exit(1);
+  }
+  if (!fname.empty()) {
+    output_file.open(fname);
+    if (!output_file.is_open()) {
+      Err << "invalid file name: '" << fname << std::endl;
+      std::exit(1);
+    }
+    if (!file_reporter) {
+      default_file_reporter = internal::CreateReporter(
+          FLAGS_benchmark_out_format, ConsoleReporter::OO_None);
+      file_reporter = default_file_reporter.get();
+    }
+    file_reporter->SetOutputStream(&output_file);
+    file_reporter->SetErrorStream(&output_file);
+  }
+
+  std::vector<internal::Benchmark::Instance> benchmarks;
+  if (!FindBenchmarksInternal(spec, &benchmarks, &Err)) return 0;
+
+  if (benchmarks.empty()) {
+    Err << "Failed to match any benchmarks against regex: " << spec << "\n";
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (FLAGS_benchmark_list_tests) {
+    for (auto const& benchmark : benchmarks) Out << benchmark.name << "\n";
+  } else {
+    internal::RunBenchmarks(benchmarks, console_reporter, file_reporter);
+  }
+
+  return benchmarks.size();
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+void PrintUsageAndExit() {
+  fprintf(stdout,
+          "benchmark"
+          " [--benchmark_list_tests={true|false}]\n"
+          "          [--benchmark_filter=<regex>]\n"
+          "          [--benchmark_min_time=<min_time>]\n"
+          "          [--benchmark_repetitions=<num_repetitions>]\n"
+          "          [--benchmark_report_aggregates_only={true|false}\n"
+          "          [--benchmark_format=<console|json|csv>]\n"
+          "          [--benchmark_out=<filename>]\n"
+          "          [--benchmark_out_format=<json|console|csv>]\n"
+          "          [--benchmark_color={auto|true|false}]\n"
+          "          [--benchmark_counters_tabular={true|false}]\n"
+          "          [--v=<verbosity>]\n");
+  exit(0);
+}
+
+void ParseCommandLineFlags(int* argc, char** argv) {
+  using namespace benchmark;
+  for (int i = 1; i < *argc; ++i) {
+    if (ParseBoolFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_list_tests",
+                      &FLAGS_benchmark_list_tests) ||
+        ParseStringFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_filter", &FLAGS_benchmark_filter) ||
+        ParseDoubleFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_min_time",
+                        &FLAGS_benchmark_min_time) ||
+        ParseInt32Flag(argv[i], "benchmark_repetitions",
+                       &FLAGS_benchmark_repetitions) ||
+        ParseBoolFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_report_aggregates_only",
+                      &FLAGS_benchmark_report_aggregates_only) ||
+        ParseStringFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_format", &FLAGS_benchmark_format) ||
+        ParseStringFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_out", &FLAGS_benchmark_out) ||
+        ParseStringFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_out_format",
+                        &FLAGS_benchmark_out_format) ||
+        ParseStringFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_color", &FLAGS_benchmark_color) ||
+        // "color_print" is the deprecated name for "benchmark_color".
+        // TODO: Remove this.
+        ParseStringFlag(argv[i], "color_print", &FLAGS_benchmark_color) ||
+        ParseBoolFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_counters_tabular",
+                        &FLAGS_benchmark_counters_tabular) ||
+        ParseInt32Flag(argv[i], "v", &FLAGS_v)) {
+      for (int j = i; j != *argc - 1; ++j) argv[j] = argv[j + 1];
+
+      --(*argc);
+      --i;
+    } else if (IsFlag(argv[i], "help")) {
+      PrintUsageAndExit();
+    }
+  }
+  for (auto const* flag :
+       {&FLAGS_benchmark_format, &FLAGS_benchmark_out_format})
+    if (*flag != "console" && *flag != "json" && *flag != "csv") {
+      PrintUsageAndExit();
+    }
+  if (FLAGS_benchmark_color.empty()) {
+    PrintUsageAndExit();
+  }
+}
+
+int InitializeStreams() {
+  static std::ios_base::Init init;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+}  // end namespace internal
+
+void Initialize(int* argc, char** argv) {
+  internal::ParseCommandLineFlags(argc, argv);
+  internal::LogLevel() = FLAGS_v;
+}
+
+bool ReportUnrecognizedArguments(int argc, char** argv) {
+  for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: unrecognized command-line flag: %s\n", argv[0], argv[i]);
+  }
+  return argc > 1;
+}
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/benchmark_api_internal.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/benchmark_api_internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36d234047
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/benchmark_api_internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_API_INTERNAL_H
+#define BENCHMARK_API_INTERNAL_H
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace benchmark {
+namespace internal {
+
+// Information kept per benchmark we may want to run
+struct Benchmark::Instance {
+  std::string name;
+  Benchmark* benchmark;
+  ReportMode report_mode;
+  std::vector<int> arg;
+  TimeUnit time_unit;
+  int range_multiplier;
+  bool use_real_time;
+  bool use_manual_time;
+  BigO complexity;
+  BigOFunc* complexity_lambda;
+  UserCounters counters;
+  bool last_benchmark_instance;
+  int repetitions;
+  double min_time;
+  size_t iterations;
+  int threads;  // Number of concurrent threads to us
+};
+
+bool FindBenchmarksInternal(const std::string& re,
+                            std::vector<Benchmark::Instance>* benchmarks,
+                            std::ostream* Err);
+
+bool IsZero(double n);
+
+ConsoleReporter::OutputOptions GetOutputOptions(bool force_no_color = false);
+
+}  // end namespace internal
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_API_INTERNAL_H
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/benchmark_register.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/benchmark_register.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed70d820d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/benchmark_register.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "benchmark_api_internal.h"
+#include "internal_macros.h"
+
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "check.h"
+#include "commandlineflags.h"
+#include "complexity.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "mutex.h"
+#include "re.h"
+#include "stat.h"
+#include "string_util.h"
+#include "sysinfo.h"
+#include "timers.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+namespace {
+// For non-dense Range, intermediate values are powers of kRangeMultiplier.
+static const int kRangeMultiplier = 8;
+// The size of a benchmark family determines is the number of inputs to repeat
+// the benchmark on. If this is "large" then warn the user during configuration.
+static const size_t kMaxFamilySize = 100;
+}  // end namespace
+
+namespace internal {
+
+//=============================================================================//
+//                         BenchmarkFamilies
+//=============================================================================//
+
+// Class for managing registered benchmarks.  Note that each registered
+// benchmark identifies a family of related benchmarks to run.
+class BenchmarkFamilies {
+ public:
+  static BenchmarkFamilies* GetInstance();
+
+  // Registers a benchmark family and returns the index assigned to it.
+  size_t AddBenchmark(std::unique_ptr<Benchmark> family);
+
+  // Clear all registered benchmark families.
+  void ClearBenchmarks();
+
+  // Extract the list of benchmark instances that match the specified
+  // regular expression.
+  bool FindBenchmarks(const std::string& re,
+                      std::vector<Benchmark::Instance>* benchmarks,
+                      std::ostream* Err);
+
+ private:
+  BenchmarkFamilies() {}
+
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Benchmark>> families_;
+  Mutex mutex_;
+};
+
+BenchmarkFamilies* BenchmarkFamilies::GetInstance() {
+  static BenchmarkFamilies instance;
+  return &instance;
+}
+
+size_t BenchmarkFamilies::AddBenchmark(std::unique_ptr<Benchmark> family) {
+  MutexLock l(mutex_);
+  size_t index = families_.size();
+  families_.push_back(std::move(family));
+  return index;
+}
+
+void BenchmarkFamilies::ClearBenchmarks() {
+  MutexLock l(mutex_);
+  families_.clear();
+  families_.shrink_to_fit();
+}
+
+bool BenchmarkFamilies::FindBenchmarks(
+    const std::string& spec, std::vector<Benchmark::Instance>* benchmarks,
+    std::ostream* ErrStream) {
+  CHECK(ErrStream);
+  auto& Err = *ErrStream;
+  // Make regular expression out of command-line flag
+  std::string error_msg;
+  Regex re;
+  if (!re.Init(spec, &error_msg)) {
+    Err << "Could not compile benchmark re: " << error_msg << std::endl;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Special list of thread counts to use when none are specified
+  const std::vector<int> one_thread = {1};
+
+  MutexLock l(mutex_);
+  for (std::unique_ptr<Benchmark>& family : families_) {
+    // Family was deleted or benchmark doesn't match
+    if (!family) continue;
+
+    if (family->ArgsCnt() == -1) {
+      family->Args({});
+    }
+    const std::vector<int>* thread_counts =
+        (family->thread_counts_.empty()
+             ? &one_thread
+             : &static_cast<const std::vector<int>&>(family->thread_counts_));
+    const size_t family_size = family->args_.size() * thread_counts->size();
+    // The benchmark will be run at least 'family_size' different inputs.
+    // If 'family_size' is very large warn the user.
+    if (family_size > kMaxFamilySize) {
+      Err << "The number of inputs is very large. " << family->name_
+          << " will be repeated at least " << family_size << " times.\n";
+    }
+    // reserve in the special case the regex ".", since we know the final
+    // family size.
+    if (spec == ".") benchmarks->reserve(family_size);
+
+    for (auto const& args : family->args_) {
+      for (int num_threads : *thread_counts) {
+        Benchmark::Instance instance;
+        instance.name = family->name_;
+        instance.benchmark = family.get();
+        instance.report_mode = family->report_mode_;
+        instance.arg = args;
+        instance.time_unit = family->time_unit_;
+        instance.range_multiplier = family->range_multiplier_;
+        instance.min_time = family->min_time_;
+        instance.iterations = family->iterations_;
+        instance.repetitions = family->repetitions_;
+        instance.use_real_time = family->use_real_time_;
+        instance.use_manual_time = family->use_manual_time_;
+        instance.complexity = family->complexity_;
+        instance.complexity_lambda = family->complexity_lambda_;
+        instance.threads = num_threads;
+
+        // Add arguments to instance name
+        size_t arg_i = 0;
+        for (auto const& arg : args) {
+          instance.name += "/";
+
+          if (arg_i < family->arg_names_.size()) {
+            const auto& arg_name = family->arg_names_[arg_i];
+            if (!arg_name.empty()) {
+              instance.name +=
+                  StringPrintF("%s:", family->arg_names_[arg_i].c_str());
+            }
+          }
+          
+          instance.name += StringPrintF("%d", arg);
+          ++arg_i;
+        }
+
+        if (!IsZero(family->min_time_))
+          instance.name += StringPrintF("/min_time:%0.3f", family->min_time_);
+        if (family->iterations_ != 0)
+          instance.name += StringPrintF("/iterations:%d", family->iterations_);
+        if (family->repetitions_ != 0)
+          instance.name += StringPrintF("/repeats:%d", family->repetitions_);
+
+        if (family->use_manual_time_) {
+          instance.name += "/manual_time";
+        } else if (family->use_real_time_) {
+          instance.name += "/real_time";
+        }
+
+        // Add the number of threads used to the name
+        if (!family->thread_counts_.empty()) {
+          instance.name += StringPrintF("/threads:%d", instance.threads);
+        }
+
+        if (re.Match(instance.name)) {
+          instance.last_benchmark_instance = (&args == &family->args_.back());
+          benchmarks->push_back(std::move(instance));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+Benchmark* RegisterBenchmarkInternal(Benchmark* bench) {
+  std::unique_ptr<Benchmark> bench_ptr(bench);
+  BenchmarkFamilies* families = BenchmarkFamilies::GetInstance();
+  families->AddBenchmark(std::move(bench_ptr));
+  return bench;
+}
+
+// FIXME: This function is a hack so that benchmark.cc can access
+// `BenchmarkFamilies`
+bool FindBenchmarksInternal(const std::string& re,
+                            std::vector<Benchmark::Instance>* benchmarks,
+                            std::ostream* Err) {
+  return BenchmarkFamilies::GetInstance()->FindBenchmarks(re, benchmarks, Err);
+}
+
+//=============================================================================//
+//                               Benchmark
+//=============================================================================//
+
+Benchmark::Benchmark(const char* name)
+    : name_(name),
+      report_mode_(RM_Unspecified),
+      time_unit_(kNanosecond),
+      range_multiplier_(kRangeMultiplier),
+      min_time_(0),
+      iterations_(0),
+      repetitions_(0),
+      use_real_time_(false),
+      use_manual_time_(false),
+      complexity_(oNone),
+      complexity_lambda_(nullptr) {}
+
+Benchmark::~Benchmark() {}
+
+void Benchmark::AddRange(std::vector<int>* dst, int lo, int hi, int mult) {
+  CHECK_GE(lo, 0);
+  CHECK_GE(hi, lo);
+  CHECK_GE(mult, 2);
+
+  // Add "lo"
+  dst->push_back(lo);
+
+  static const int kint32max = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();
+
+  // Now space out the benchmarks in multiples of "mult"
+  for (int32_t i = 1; i < kint32max / mult; i *= mult) {
+    if (i >= hi) break;
+    if (i > lo) {
+      dst->push_back(i);
+    }
+  }
+  // Add "hi" (if different from "lo")
+  if (hi != lo) {
+    dst->push_back(hi);
+  }
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Arg(int x) {
+  CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == 1);
+  args_.push_back({x});
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Unit(TimeUnit unit) {
+  time_unit_ = unit;
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Range(int start, int limit) {
+  CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == 1);
+  std::vector<int> arglist;
+  AddRange(&arglist, start, limit, range_multiplier_);
+
+  for (int i : arglist) {
+    args_.push_back({i});
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Ranges(const std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>& ranges) {
+  CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == static_cast<int>(ranges.size()));
+  std::vector<std::vector<int>> arglists(ranges.size());
+  std::size_t total = 1;
+  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < ranges.size(); i++) {
+    AddRange(&arglists[i], ranges[i].first, ranges[i].second,
+             range_multiplier_);
+    total *= arglists[i].size();
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::size_t> ctr(arglists.size(), 0);
+
+  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < total; i++) {
+    std::vector<int> tmp;
+    tmp.reserve(arglists.size());
+
+    for (std::size_t j = 0; j < arglists.size(); j++) {
+      tmp.push_back(arglists[j].at(ctr[j]));
+    }
+
+    args_.push_back(std::move(tmp));
+
+    for (std::size_t j = 0; j < arglists.size(); j++) {
+      if (ctr[j] + 1 < arglists[j].size()) {
+        ++ctr[j];
+        break;
+      }
+      ctr[j] = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::ArgName(const std::string& name) {
+  CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == 1);
+  arg_names_ = {name};
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::ArgNames(const std::vector<std::string>& names) {
+  CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == static_cast<int>(names.size()));
+  arg_names_ = names;
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::DenseRange(int start, int limit, int step) {
+  CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == 1);
+  CHECK_GE(start, 0);
+  CHECK_LE(start, limit);
+  for (int arg = start; arg <= limit; arg += step) {
+    args_.push_back({arg});
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Args(const std::vector<int>& args) {
+  CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == static_cast<int>(args.size()));
+  args_.push_back(args);
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Apply(void (*custom_arguments)(Benchmark* benchmark)) {
+  custom_arguments(this);
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::RangeMultiplier(int multiplier) {
+  CHECK(multiplier > 1);
+  range_multiplier_ = multiplier;
+  return this;
+}
+
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::MinTime(double t) {
+  CHECK(t > 0.0);
+  CHECK(iterations_ == 0);
+  min_time_ = t;
+  return this;
+}
+
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Iterations(size_t n) {
+  CHECK(n > 0);
+  CHECK(IsZero(min_time_));
+  iterations_ = n;
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Repetitions(int n) {
+  CHECK(n > 0);
+  repetitions_ = n;
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::ReportAggregatesOnly(bool value) {
+  report_mode_ = value ? RM_ReportAggregatesOnly : RM_Default;
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::UseRealTime() {
+  CHECK(!use_manual_time_)
+      << "Cannot set UseRealTime and UseManualTime simultaneously.";
+  use_real_time_ = true;
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::UseManualTime() {
+  CHECK(!use_real_time_)
+      << "Cannot set UseRealTime and UseManualTime simultaneously.";
+  use_manual_time_ = true;
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Complexity(BigO complexity) {
+  complexity_ = complexity;
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Complexity(BigOFunc* complexity) {
+  complexity_lambda_ = complexity;
+  complexity_ = oLambda;
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Threads(int t) {
+  CHECK_GT(t, 0);
+  thread_counts_.push_back(t);
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::ThreadRange(int min_threads, int max_threads) {
+  CHECK_GT(min_threads, 0);
+  CHECK_GE(max_threads, min_threads);
+
+  AddRange(&thread_counts_, min_threads, max_threads, 2);
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::DenseThreadRange(int min_threads, int max_threads,
+                                       int stride) {
+  CHECK_GT(min_threads, 0);
+  CHECK_GE(max_threads, min_threads);
+  CHECK_GE(stride, 1);
+
+  for (auto i = min_threads; i < max_threads; i += stride) {
+    thread_counts_.push_back(i);
+  }
+  thread_counts_.push_back(max_threads);
+  return this;
+}
+
+Benchmark* Benchmark::ThreadPerCpu() {
+  static int num_cpus = NumCPUs();
+  thread_counts_.push_back(num_cpus);
+  return this;
+}
+
+void Benchmark::SetName(const char* name) { name_ = name; }
+
+int Benchmark::ArgsCnt() const {
+  if (args_.empty()) {
+    if (arg_names_.empty()) return -1;
+    return static_cast<int>(arg_names_.size());
+  }
+  return static_cast<int>(args_.front().size());
+}
+
+//=============================================================================//
+//                            FunctionBenchmark
+//=============================================================================//
+
+void FunctionBenchmark::Run(State& st) { func_(st); }
+
+}  // end namespace internal
+
+void ClearRegisteredBenchmarks() {
+  internal::BenchmarkFamilies::GetInstance()->ClearBenchmarks();
+}
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/check.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/check.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73bead2fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/check.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#ifndef CHECK_H_
+#define CHECK_H_
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <cmath>
+
+#include "internal_macros.h"
+#include "log.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+namespace internal {
+
+typedef void(AbortHandlerT)();
+
+inline AbortHandlerT*& GetAbortHandler() {
+  static AbortHandlerT* handler = &std::abort;
+  return handler;
+}
+
+BENCHMARK_NORETURN inline void CallAbortHandler() {
+  GetAbortHandler()();
+  std::abort();  // fallback to enforce noreturn
+}
+
+// CheckHandler is the class constructed by failing CHECK macros. CheckHandler
+// will log information about the failures and abort when it is destructed.
+class CheckHandler {
+ public:
+  CheckHandler(const char* check, const char* file, const char* func, int line)
+      : log_(GetErrorLogInstance()) {
+    log_ << file << ":" << line << ": " << func << ": Check `" << check
+         << "' failed. ";
+  }
+
+  LogType& GetLog() { return log_; }
+
+  BENCHMARK_NORETURN ~CheckHandler() BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT_OP(false) {
+    log_ << std::endl;
+    CallAbortHandler();
+  }
+
+  CheckHandler& operator=(const CheckHandler&) = delete;
+  CheckHandler(const CheckHandler&) = delete;
+  CheckHandler() = delete;
+
+ private:
+  LogType& log_;
+};
+
+}  // end namespace internal
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+
+// The CHECK macro returns a std::ostream object that can have extra information
+// written to it.
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+#define CHECK(b)                                                             \
+  (b ? ::benchmark::internal::GetNullLogInstance()                           \
+     : ::benchmark::internal::CheckHandler(#b, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__) \
+           .GetLog())
+#else
+#define CHECK(b) ::benchmark::internal::GetNullLogInstance()
+#endif
+
+#define CHECK_EQ(a, b) CHECK((a) == (b))
+#define CHECK_NE(a, b) CHECK((a) != (b))
+#define CHECK_GE(a, b) CHECK((a) >= (b))
+#define CHECK_LE(a, b) CHECK((a) <= (b))
+#define CHECK_GT(a, b) CHECK((a) > (b))
+#define CHECK_LT(a, b) CHECK((a) < (b))
+
+#define CHECK_FLOAT_EQ(a, b, eps) CHECK(std::fabs((a) - (b)) <  (eps))
+#define CHECK_FLOAT_NE(a, b, eps) CHECK(std::fabs((a) - (b)) >= (eps))
+#define CHECK_FLOAT_GE(a, b, eps) CHECK((a) - (b) > -(eps))
+#define CHECK_FLOAT_LE(a, b, eps) CHECK((b) - (a) > -(eps))
+#define CHECK_FLOAT_GT(a, b, eps) CHECK((a) - (b) >  (eps))
+#define CHECK_FLOAT_LT(a, b, eps) CHECK((b) - (a) >  (eps))
+
+#endif  // CHECK_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/colorprint.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/colorprint.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2dec4a8b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/colorprint.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "colorprint.h"
+
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "check.h"
+#include "internal_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+#include <Windows.h>
+#include <io.h>
+#else
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+
+namespace benchmark {
+namespace {
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+typedef WORD PlatformColorCode;
+#else
+typedef const char* PlatformColorCode;
+#endif
+
+PlatformColorCode GetPlatformColorCode(LogColor color) {
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+  switch (color) {
+    case COLOR_RED:
+      return FOREGROUND_RED;
+    case COLOR_GREEN:
+      return FOREGROUND_GREEN;
+    case COLOR_YELLOW:
+      return FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN;
+    case COLOR_BLUE:
+      return FOREGROUND_BLUE;
+    case COLOR_MAGENTA:
+      return FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_RED;
+    case COLOR_CYAN:
+      return FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN;
+    case COLOR_WHITE:  // fall through to default
+    default:
+      return 0;
+  }
+#else
+  switch (color) {
+    case COLOR_RED:
+      return "1";
+    case COLOR_GREEN:
+      return "2";
+    case COLOR_YELLOW:
+      return "3";
+    case COLOR_BLUE:
+      return "4";
+    case COLOR_MAGENTA:
+      return "5";
+    case COLOR_CYAN:
+      return "6";
+    case COLOR_WHITE:
+      return "7";
+    default:
+      return nullptr;
+  };
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // end namespace
+
+std::string FormatString(const char* msg, va_list args) {
+  // we might need a second shot at this, so pre-emptivly make a copy
+  va_list args_cp;
+  va_copy(args_cp, args);
+
+  std::size_t size = 256;
+  char local_buff[256];
+  auto ret = vsnprintf(local_buff, size, msg, args_cp);
+
+  va_end(args_cp);
+
+  // currently there is no error handling for failure, so this is hack.
+  CHECK(ret >= 0);
+
+  if (ret == 0)  // handle empty expansion
+    return {};
+  else if (static_cast<size_t>(ret) < size)
+    return local_buff;
+  else {
+    // we did not provide a long enough buffer on our first attempt.
+    size = (size_t)ret + 1;  // + 1 for the null byte
+    std::unique_ptr<char[]> buff(new char[size]);
+    ret = vsnprintf(buff.get(), size, msg, args);
+    CHECK(ret > 0 && ((size_t)ret) < size);
+    return buff.get();
+  }
+}
+
+std::string FormatString(const char* msg, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, msg);
+  auto tmp = FormatString(msg, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  return tmp;
+}
+
+void ColorPrintf(std::ostream& out, LogColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+  ColorPrintf(out, color, fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+}
+
+void ColorPrintf(std::ostream& out, LogColor color, const char* fmt,
+                 va_list args) {
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+  ((void)out);  // suppress unused warning
+
+  const HANDLE stdout_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+
+  // Gets the current text color.
+  CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO buffer_info;
+  GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stdout_handle, &buffer_info);
+  const WORD old_color_attrs = buffer_info.wAttributes;
+
+  // We need to flush the stream buffers into the console before each
+  // SetConsoleTextAttribute call lest it affect the text that is already
+  // printed but has not yet reached the console.
+  fflush(stdout);
+  SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle,
+                          GetPlatformColorCode(color) | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
+  vprintf(fmt, args);
+
+  fflush(stdout);
+  // Restores the text color.
+  SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle, old_color_attrs);
+#else
+  const char* color_code = GetPlatformColorCode(color);
+  if (color_code) out << FormatString("\033[0;3%sm", color_code);
+  out << FormatString(fmt, args) << "\033[m";
+#endif
+}
+
+bool IsColorTerminal() {
+#if BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+  // On Windows the TERM variable is usually not set, but the
+  // console there does support colors.
+  return 0 != _isatty(_fileno(stdout));
+#else
+  // On non-Windows platforms, we rely on the TERM variable. This list of
+  // supported TERM values is copied from Google Test:
+  // <https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googletest/src/gtest.cc#L2925>.
+  const char* const SUPPORTED_TERM_VALUES[] = {
+      "xterm",         "xterm-color",     "xterm-256color",
+      "screen",        "screen-256color", "tmux",
+      "tmux-256color", "rxvt-unicode",    "rxvt-unicode-256color",
+      "linux",         "cygwin",
+  };
+
+  const char* const term = getenv("TERM");
+
+  bool term_supports_color = false;
+  for (const char* candidate : SUPPORTED_TERM_VALUES) {
+    if (term && 0 == strcmp(term, candidate)) {
+      term_supports_color = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0 != isatty(fileno(stdout)) && term_supports_color;
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+}
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/colorprint.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/colorprint.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f6fab9b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/colorprint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_COLORPRINT_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_COLORPRINT_H_
+
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace benchmark {
+enum LogColor {
+  COLOR_DEFAULT,
+  COLOR_RED,
+  COLOR_GREEN,
+  COLOR_YELLOW,
+  COLOR_BLUE,
+  COLOR_MAGENTA,
+  COLOR_CYAN,
+  COLOR_WHITE
+};
+
+std::string FormatString(const char* msg, va_list args);
+std::string FormatString(const char* msg, ...);
+
+void ColorPrintf(std::ostream& out, LogColor color, const char* fmt,
+                 va_list args);
+void ColorPrintf(std::ostream& out, LogColor color, const char* fmt, ...);
+
+// Returns true if stdout appears to be a terminal that supports colored
+// output, false otherwise.
+bool IsColorTerminal();
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_COLORPRINT_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/commandlineflags.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/commandlineflags.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2fc92517a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/commandlineflags.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "commandlineflags.h"
+
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <limits>
+
+namespace benchmark {
+// Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes
+// the result to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value
+// unchanged and returns false.
+bool ParseInt32(const std::string& src_text, const char* str, int32_t* value) {
+  // Parses the environment variable as a decimal integer.
+  char* end = nullptr;
+  const long long_value = strtol(str, &end, 10);  // NOLINT
+
+  // Has strtol() consumed all characters in the string?
+  if (*end != '\0') {
+    // No - an invalid character was encountered.
+    std::cerr << src_text << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, "
+              << "but actually has value \"" << str << "\".\n";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Is the parsed value in the range of an Int32?
+  const int32_t result = static_cast<int32_t>(long_value);
+  if (long_value == std::numeric_limits<long>::max() ||
+      long_value == std::numeric_limits<long>::min() ||
+      // The parsed value overflows as a long.  (strtol() returns
+      // LONG_MAX or LONG_MIN when the input overflows.)
+      result != long_value
+      // The parsed value overflows as an Int32.
+      ) {
+    std::cerr << src_text << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, "
+              << "but actually has value \"" << str << "\", "
+              << "which overflows.\n";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  *value = result;
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Parses 'str' for a double.  If successful, writes the result to *value and
+// returns true; otherwise leaves *value unchanged and returns false.
+bool ParseDouble(const std::string& src_text, const char* str, double* value) {
+  // Parses the environment variable as a decimal integer.
+  char* end = nullptr;
+  const double double_value = strtod(str, &end);  // NOLINT
+
+  // Has strtol() consumed all characters in the string?
+  if (*end != '\0') {
+    // No - an invalid character was encountered.
+    std::cerr << src_text << " is expected to be a double, "
+              << "but actually has value \"" << str << "\".\n";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  *value = double_value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Returns the name of the environment variable corresponding to the
+// given flag.  For example, FlagToEnvVar("foo") will return
+// "BENCHMARK_FOO" in the open-source version.
+static std::string FlagToEnvVar(const char* flag) {
+  const std::string flag_str(flag);
+
+  std::string env_var;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != flag_str.length(); ++i)
+    env_var += static_cast<char>(::toupper(flag_str.c_str()[i]));
+
+  return "BENCHMARK_" + env_var;
+}
+
+// Reads and returns the Boolean environment variable corresponding to
+// the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
+//
+// The value is considered true iff it's not "0".
+bool BoolFromEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+  const char* const string_value = getenv(env_var.c_str());
+  return string_value == nullptr ? default_value
+                                 : strcmp(string_value, "0") != 0;
+}
+
+// Reads and returns a 32-bit integer stored in the environment
+// variable corresponding to the given flag; if it isn't set or
+// doesn't represent a valid 32-bit integer, returns default_value.
+int32_t Int32FromEnv(const char* flag, int32_t default_value) {
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+  const char* const string_value = getenv(env_var.c_str());
+  if (string_value == nullptr) {
+    // The environment variable is not set.
+    return default_value;
+  }
+
+  int32_t result = default_value;
+  if (!ParseInt32(std::string("Environment variable ") + env_var, string_value,
+                  &result)) {
+    std::cout << "The default value " << default_value << " is used.\n";
+    return default_value;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
+// the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
+const char* StringFromEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
+  const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+  const char* const value = getenv(env_var.c_str());
+  return value == nullptr ? default_value : value;
+}
+
+// Parses a string as a command line flag.  The string should have
+// the format "--flag=value".  When def_optional is true, the "=value"
+// part can be omitted.
+//
+// Returns the value of the flag, or nullptr if the parsing failed.
+const char* ParseFlagValue(const char* str, const char* flag,
+                           bool def_optional) {
+  // str and flag must not be nullptr.
+  if (str == nullptr || flag == nullptr) return nullptr;
+
+  // The flag must start with "--".
+  const std::string flag_str = std::string("--") + std::string(flag);
+  const size_t flag_len = flag_str.length();
+  if (strncmp(str, flag_str.c_str(), flag_len) != 0) return nullptr;
+
+  // Skips the flag name.
+  const char* flag_end = str + flag_len;
+
+  // When def_optional is true, it's OK to not have a "=value" part.
+  if (def_optional && (flag_end[0] == '\0')) return flag_end;
+
+  // If def_optional is true and there are more characters after the
+  // flag name, or if def_optional is false, there must be a '=' after
+  // the flag name.
+  if (flag_end[0] != '=') return nullptr;
+
+  // Returns the string after "=".
+  return flag_end + 1;
+}
+
+bool ParseBoolFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, bool* value) {
+  // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
+  const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, true);
+
+  // Aborts if the parsing failed.
+  if (value_str == nullptr) return false;
+
+  // Converts the string value to a bool.
+  *value = IsTruthyFlagValue(value_str);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ParseInt32Flag(const char* str, const char* flag, int32_t* value) {
+  // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
+  const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
+
+  // Aborts if the parsing failed.
+  if (value_str == nullptr) return false;
+
+  // Sets *value to the value of the flag.
+  return ParseInt32(std::string("The value of flag --") + flag, value_str,
+                    value);
+}
+
+bool ParseDoubleFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, double* value) {
+  // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
+  const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
+
+  // Aborts if the parsing failed.
+  if (value_str == nullptr) return false;
+
+  // Sets *value to the value of the flag.
+  return ParseDouble(std::string("The value of flag --") + flag, value_str,
+                     value);
+}
+
+bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, std::string* value) {
+  // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
+  const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
+
+  // Aborts if the parsing failed.
+  if (value_str == nullptr) return false;
+
+  *value = value_str;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool IsFlag(const char* str, const char* flag) {
+  return (ParseFlagValue(str, flag, true) != nullptr);
+}
+
+bool IsTruthyFlagValue(const std::string& value) {
+  if (value.empty()) return true;
+  char ch = value[0];
+  return isalnum(ch) &&
+         !(ch == '0' || ch == 'f' || ch == 'F' || ch == 'n' || ch == 'N');
+}
+}  // end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/commandlineflags.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/commandlineflags.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..945c9a9fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/commandlineflags.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_COMMANDLINEFLAGS_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_COMMANDLINEFLAGS_H_
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+
+// Macro for referencing flags.
+#define FLAG(name) FLAGS_##name
+
+// Macros for declaring flags.
+#define DECLARE_bool(name) extern bool FLAG(name)
+#define DECLARE_int32(name) extern int32_t FLAG(name)
+#define DECLARE_int64(name) extern int64_t FLAG(name)
+#define DECLARE_double(name) extern double FLAG(name)
+#define DECLARE_string(name) extern std::string FLAG(name)
+
+// Macros for defining flags.
+#define DEFINE_bool(name, default_val, doc) bool FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+#define DEFINE_int32(name, default_val, doc) int32_t FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+#define DEFINE_int64(name, default_val, doc) int64_t FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+#define DEFINE_double(name, default_val, doc) double FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+#define DEFINE_string(name, default_val, doc) \
+  std::string FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+
+namespace benchmark {
+// Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes the result
+// to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value unchanged and returns
+// false.
+bool ParseInt32(const std::string& src_text, const char* str, int32_t* value);
+
+// Parses a bool/Int32/string from the environment variable
+// corresponding to the given Google Test flag.
+bool BoolFromEnv(const char* flag, bool default_val);
+int32_t Int32FromEnv(const char* flag, int32_t default_val);
+double DoubleFromEnv(const char* flag, double default_val);
+const char* StringFromEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_val);
+
+// Parses a string for a bool flag, in the form of either
+// "--flag=value" or "--flag".
+//
+// In the former case, the value is taken as true if it passes IsTruthyValue().
+//
+// In the latter case, the value is taken as true.
+//
+// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
+// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
+bool ParseBoolFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, bool* value);
+
+// Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of
+// "--flag=value".
+//
+// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
+// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
+bool ParseInt32Flag(const char* str, const char* flag, int32_t* value);
+
+// Parses a string for a Double flag, in the form of
+// "--flag=value".
+//
+// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
+// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
+bool ParseDoubleFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, double* value);
+
+// Parses a string for a string flag, in the form of
+// "--flag=value".
+//
+// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
+// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
+bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, std::string* value);
+
+// Returns true if the string matches the flag.
+bool IsFlag(const char* str, const char* flag);
+
+// Returns true unless value starts with one of: '0', 'f', 'F', 'n' or 'N', or
+// some non-alphanumeric character. As a special case, also returns true if
+// value is the empty string.
+bool IsTruthyFlagValue(const std::string& value);
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_COMMANDLINEFLAGS_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/complexity.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/complexity.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33975be55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/complexity.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+// Copyright 2016 Ismael Jimenez Martinez. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Source project : https://github.com/ismaelJimenez/cpp.leastsq
+// Adapted to be used with google benchmark
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include "check.h"
+#include "complexity.h"
+#include "stat.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+// Internal function to calculate the different scalability forms
+BigOFunc* FittingCurve(BigO complexity) {
+  switch (complexity) {
+    case oN:
+      return [](int n) -> double { return n; };
+    case oNSquared:
+      return [](int n) -> double { return std::pow(n, 2); };
+    case oNCubed:
+      return [](int n) -> double { return std::pow(n, 3); };
+    case oLogN:
+      return [](int n) { return log2(n); };
+    case oNLogN:
+      return [](int n) { return n * log2(n); };
+    case o1:
+    default:
+      return [](int) { return 1.0; };
+  }
+}
+
+// Function to return an string for the calculated complexity
+std::string GetBigOString(BigO complexity) {
+  switch (complexity) {
+    case oN:
+      return "N";
+    case oNSquared:
+      return "N^2";
+    case oNCubed:
+      return "N^3";
+    case oLogN:
+      return "lgN";
+    case oNLogN:
+      return "NlgN";
+    case o1:
+      return "(1)";
+    default:
+      return "f(N)";
+  }
+}
+
+// Find the coefficient for the high-order term in the running time, by
+// minimizing the sum of squares of relative error, for the fitting curve
+// given by the lambda expresion.
+//   - n             : Vector containing the size of the benchmark tests.
+//   - time          : Vector containing the times for the benchmark tests.
+//   - fitting_curve : lambda expresion (e.g. [](int n) {return n; };).
+
+// For a deeper explanation on the algorithm logic, look the README file at
+// http://github.com/ismaelJimenez/Minimal-Cpp-Least-Squared-Fit
+
+LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector<int>& n,
+                       const std::vector<double>& time,
+                       BigOFunc* fitting_curve) {
+  double sigma_gn = 0.0;
+  double sigma_gn_squared = 0.0;
+  double sigma_time = 0.0;
+  double sigma_time_gn = 0.0;
+
+  // Calculate least square fitting parameter
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < n.size(); ++i) {
+    double gn_i = fitting_curve(n[i]);
+    sigma_gn += gn_i;
+    sigma_gn_squared += gn_i * gn_i;
+    sigma_time += time[i];
+    sigma_time_gn += time[i] * gn_i;
+  }
+
+  LeastSq result;
+  result.complexity = oLambda;
+
+  // Calculate complexity.
+  result.coef = sigma_time_gn / sigma_gn_squared;
+
+  // Calculate RMS
+  double rms = 0.0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < n.size(); ++i) {
+    double fit = result.coef * fitting_curve(n[i]);
+    rms += pow((time[i] - fit), 2);
+  }
+
+  // Normalized RMS by the mean of the observed values
+  double mean = sigma_time / n.size();
+  result.rms = sqrt(rms / n.size()) / mean;
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Find the coefficient for the high-order term in the running time, by
+// minimizing the sum of squares of relative error.
+//   - n          : Vector containing the size of the benchmark tests.
+//   - time       : Vector containing the times for the benchmark tests.
+//   - complexity : If different than oAuto, the fitting curve will stick to
+//                  this one. If it is oAuto, it will be calculated the best
+//                  fitting curve.
+LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector<int>& n,
+                       const std::vector<double>& time, const BigO complexity) {
+  CHECK_EQ(n.size(), time.size());
+  CHECK_GE(n.size(), 2);  // Do not compute fitting curve is less than two
+                          // benchmark runs are given
+  CHECK_NE(complexity, oNone);
+
+  LeastSq best_fit;
+
+  if (complexity == oAuto) {
+    std::vector<BigO> fit_curves = {oLogN, oN, oNLogN, oNSquared, oNCubed};
+
+    // Take o1 as default best fitting curve
+    best_fit = MinimalLeastSq(n, time, FittingCurve(o1));
+    best_fit.complexity = o1;
+
+    // Compute all possible fitting curves and stick to the best one
+    for (const auto& fit : fit_curves) {
+      LeastSq current_fit = MinimalLeastSq(n, time, FittingCurve(fit));
+      if (current_fit.rms < best_fit.rms) {
+        best_fit = current_fit;
+        best_fit.complexity = fit;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    best_fit = MinimalLeastSq(n, time, FittingCurve(complexity));
+    best_fit.complexity = complexity;
+  }
+
+  return best_fit;
+}
+
+std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> ComputeStats(
+    const std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run>& reports) {
+  typedef BenchmarkReporter::Run Run;
+  std::vector<Run> results;
+
+  auto error_count =
+      std::count_if(reports.begin(), reports.end(),
+                    [](Run const& run) { return run.error_occurred; });
+
+  if (reports.size() - error_count < 2) {
+    // We don't report aggregated data if there was a single run.
+    return results;
+  }
+  // Accumulators.
+  Stat1_d real_accumulated_time_stat;
+  Stat1_d cpu_accumulated_time_stat;
+  Stat1_d bytes_per_second_stat;
+  Stat1_d items_per_second_stat;
+  // All repetitions should be run with the same number of iterations so we
+  // can take this information from the first benchmark.
+  int64_t const run_iterations = reports.front().iterations;
+  // create stats for user counters
+  struct CounterStat {
+    Counter c;
+    Stat1_d s;
+  };
+  std::map< std::string, CounterStat > counter_stats;
+  for(Run const& r : reports) {
+    for(auto const& cnt : r.counters) {
+      auto it = counter_stats.find(cnt.first);
+      if(it == counter_stats.end()) {
+        counter_stats.insert({cnt.first, {cnt.second, Stat1_d{}}});
+      } else {
+        CHECK_EQ(counter_stats[cnt.first].c.flags, cnt.second.flags);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Populate the accumulators.
+  for (Run const& run : reports) {
+    CHECK_EQ(reports[0].benchmark_name, run.benchmark_name);
+    CHECK_EQ(run_iterations, run.iterations);
+    if (run.error_occurred) continue;
+    real_accumulated_time_stat +=
+        Stat1_d(run.real_accumulated_time / run.iterations);
+    cpu_accumulated_time_stat +=
+        Stat1_d(run.cpu_accumulated_time / run.iterations);
+    items_per_second_stat += Stat1_d(run.items_per_second);
+    bytes_per_second_stat += Stat1_d(run.bytes_per_second);
+    // user counters
+    for(auto const& cnt : run.counters) {
+      auto it = counter_stats.find(cnt.first);
+      CHECK_NE(it, counter_stats.end());
+      it->second.s += Stat1_d(cnt.second);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Get the data from the accumulator to BenchmarkReporter::Run's.
+  Run mean_data;
+  mean_data.benchmark_name = reports[0].benchmark_name + "_mean";
+  mean_data.iterations = run_iterations;
+  mean_data.real_accumulated_time =
+      real_accumulated_time_stat.Mean() * run_iterations;
+  mean_data.cpu_accumulated_time =
+      cpu_accumulated_time_stat.Mean() * run_iterations;
+  mean_data.bytes_per_second = bytes_per_second_stat.Mean();
+  mean_data.items_per_second = items_per_second_stat.Mean();
+  mean_data.time_unit = reports[0].time_unit;
+  // user counters
+  for(auto const& kv : counter_stats) {
+    auto c = Counter(kv.second.s.Mean(), counter_stats[kv.first].c.flags);
+    mean_data.counters[kv.first] = c;
+  }
+
+  // Only add label to mean/stddev if it is same for all runs
+  mean_data.report_label = reports[0].report_label;
+  for (std::size_t i = 1; i < reports.size(); i++) {
+    if (reports[i].report_label != reports[0].report_label) {
+      mean_data.report_label = "";
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Run stddev_data;
+  stddev_data.benchmark_name = reports[0].benchmark_name + "_stddev";
+  stddev_data.report_label = mean_data.report_label;
+  stddev_data.iterations = 0;
+  stddev_data.real_accumulated_time = real_accumulated_time_stat.StdDev();
+  stddev_data.cpu_accumulated_time = cpu_accumulated_time_stat.StdDev();
+  stddev_data.bytes_per_second = bytes_per_second_stat.StdDev();
+  stddev_data.items_per_second = items_per_second_stat.StdDev();
+  stddev_data.time_unit = reports[0].time_unit;
+  // user counters
+  for(auto const& kv : counter_stats) {
+    auto c = Counter(kv.second.s.StdDev(), counter_stats[kv.first].c.flags);
+    stddev_data.counters[kv.first] = c;
+  }
+
+  results.push_back(mean_data);
+  results.push_back(stddev_data);
+  return results;
+}
+
+std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> ComputeBigO(
+    const std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run>& reports) {
+  typedef BenchmarkReporter::Run Run;
+  std::vector<Run> results;
+
+  if (reports.size() < 2) return results;
+
+  // Accumulators.
+  std::vector<int> n;
+  std::vector<double> real_time;
+  std::vector<double> cpu_time;
+
+  // Populate the accumulators.
+  for (const Run& run : reports) {
+    CHECK_GT(run.complexity_n, 0) << "Did you forget to call SetComplexityN?";
+    n.push_back(run.complexity_n);
+    real_time.push_back(run.real_accumulated_time / run.iterations);
+    cpu_time.push_back(run.cpu_accumulated_time / run.iterations);
+  }
+
+  LeastSq result_cpu;
+  LeastSq result_real;
+
+  if (reports[0].complexity == oLambda) {
+    result_cpu = MinimalLeastSq(n, cpu_time, reports[0].complexity_lambda);
+    result_real = MinimalLeastSq(n, real_time, reports[0].complexity_lambda);
+  } else {
+    result_cpu = MinimalLeastSq(n, cpu_time, reports[0].complexity);
+    result_real = MinimalLeastSq(n, real_time, result_cpu.complexity);
+  }
+  std::string benchmark_name =
+      reports[0].benchmark_name.substr(0, reports[0].benchmark_name.find('/'));
+
+  // Get the data from the accumulator to BenchmarkReporter::Run's.
+  Run big_o;
+  big_o.benchmark_name = benchmark_name + "_BigO";
+  big_o.iterations = 0;
+  big_o.real_accumulated_time = result_real.coef;
+  big_o.cpu_accumulated_time = result_cpu.coef;
+  big_o.report_big_o = true;
+  big_o.complexity = result_cpu.complexity;
+
+  // All the time results are reported after being multiplied by the
+  // time unit multiplier. But since RMS is a relative quantity it
+  // should not be multiplied at all. So, here, we _divide_ it by the
+  // multiplier so that when it is multiplied later the result is the
+  // correct one.
+  double multiplier = GetTimeUnitMultiplier(reports[0].time_unit);
+
+  // Only add label to mean/stddev if it is same for all runs
+  Run rms;
+  big_o.report_label = reports[0].report_label;
+  rms.benchmark_name = benchmark_name + "_RMS";
+  rms.report_label = big_o.report_label;
+  rms.iterations = 0;
+  rms.real_accumulated_time = result_real.rms / multiplier;
+  rms.cpu_accumulated_time = result_cpu.rms / multiplier;
+  rms.report_rms = true;
+  rms.complexity = result_cpu.complexity;
+  // don't forget to keep the time unit, or we won't be able to
+  // recover the correct value.
+  rms.time_unit = reports[0].time_unit;
+
+  results.push_back(big_o);
+  results.push_back(rms);
+  return results;
+}
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/complexity.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/complexity.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0ca60e6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/complexity.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright 2016 Ismael Jimenez Martinez. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Source project : https://github.com/ismaelJimenez/cpp.leastsq
+// Adapted to be used with google benchmark
+
+#ifndef COMPLEXITY_H_
+#define COMPLEXITY_H_
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+// Return a vector containing the mean and standard devation information for
+// the specified list of reports. If 'reports' contains less than two
+// non-errored runs an empty vector is returned
+std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> ComputeStats(
+    const std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run>& reports);
+
+// Return a vector containing the bigO and RMS information for the specified
+// list of reports. If 'reports.size() < 2' an empty vector is returned.
+std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> ComputeBigO(
+    const std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run>& reports);
+
+// This data structure will contain the result returned by MinimalLeastSq
+//   - coef        : Estimated coeficient for the high-order term as
+//                   interpolated from data.
+//   - rms         : Normalized Root Mean Squared Error.
+//   - complexity  : Scalability form (e.g. oN, oNLogN). In case a scalability
+//                   form has been provided to MinimalLeastSq this will return
+//                   the same value. In case BigO::oAuto has been selected, this
+//                   parameter will return the best fitting curve detected.
+
+struct LeastSq {
+  LeastSq() : coef(0.0), rms(0.0), complexity(oNone) {}
+
+  double coef;
+  double rms;
+  BigO complexity;
+};
+
+// Function to return an string for the calculated complexity
+std::string GetBigOString(BigO complexity);
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+#endif  // COMPLEXITY_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/console_reporter.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/console_reporter.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bb6f7127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/console_reporter.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "complexity.h"
+#include "counter.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "check.h"
+#include "colorprint.h"
+#include "commandlineflags.h"
+#include "internal_macros.h"
+#include "string_util.h"
+#include "timers.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+bool ConsoleReporter::ReportContext(const Context& context) {
+  name_field_width_ = context.name_field_width;
+  printed_header_ = false;
+  prev_counters_.clear();
+
+  PrintBasicContext(&GetErrorStream(), context);
+
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+  if ((output_options_ & OO_Color) && &std::cout != &GetOutputStream()) {
+    GetErrorStream()
+        << "Color printing is only supported for stdout on windows."
+           " Disabling color printing\n";
+    output_options_ = static_cast< OutputOptions >(output_options_ & ~OO_Color);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::PrintHeader(const Run& run) {
+  std::string str = FormatString("%-*s %13s %13s %10s", static_cast<int>(name_field_width_),
+                                 "Benchmark", "Time", "CPU", "Iterations");
+  if(!run.counters.empty()) {
+    if(output_options_ & OO_Tabular) {
+      for(auto const& c : run.counters) {
+        str += FormatString(" %10s", c.first.c_str());
+      }
+    } else {
+      str += " UserCounters...";
+    }
+  }
+  str += "\n";
+  std::string line = std::string(str.length(), '-');
+  GetOutputStream() << line << "\n" << str << line << "\n";
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::ReportRuns(const std::vector<Run>& reports) {
+  for (const auto& run : reports) {
+    // print the header:
+    // --- if none was printed yet
+    bool print_header = !printed_header_;
+    // --- or if the format is tabular and this run
+    //     has different fields from the prev header
+    print_header |= (output_options_ & OO_Tabular) &&
+                    (!internal::SameNames(run.counters, prev_counters_));
+    if (print_header) {
+      printed_header_ = true;
+      prev_counters_ = run.counters;
+      PrintHeader(run);
+    }
+    // As an alternative to printing the headers like this, we could sort
+    // the benchmarks by header and then print. But this would require
+    // waiting for the full results before printing, or printing twice.
+    PrintRunData(run);
+  }
+}
+
+static void IgnoreColorPrint(std::ostream& out, LogColor, const char* fmt,
+                             ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+  out << FormatString(fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::PrintRunData(const Run& result) {
+  typedef void(PrinterFn)(std::ostream&, LogColor, const char*, ...);
+  auto& Out = GetOutputStream();
+  PrinterFn* printer = (output_options_ & OO_Color) ?
+                         (PrinterFn*)ColorPrintf : IgnoreColorPrint;
+  auto name_color =
+      (result.report_big_o || result.report_rms) ? COLOR_BLUE : COLOR_GREEN;
+  printer(Out, name_color, "%-*s ", name_field_width_,
+          result.benchmark_name.c_str());
+
+  if (result.error_occurred) {
+    printer(Out, COLOR_RED, "ERROR OCCURRED: \'%s\'",
+            result.error_message.c_str());
+    printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, "\n");
+    return;
+  }
+  // Format bytes per second
+  std::string rate;
+  if (result.bytes_per_second > 0) {
+    rate = StrCat(" ", HumanReadableNumber(result.bytes_per_second), "B/s");
+  }
+
+  // Format items per second
+  std::string items;
+  if (result.items_per_second > 0) {
+    items =
+        StrCat(" ", HumanReadableNumber(result.items_per_second), " items/s");
+  }
+
+  const double real_time = result.GetAdjustedRealTime();
+  const double cpu_time = result.GetAdjustedCPUTime();
+
+  if (result.report_big_o) {
+    std::string big_o = GetBigOString(result.complexity);
+    printer(Out, COLOR_YELLOW, "%10.2f %s %10.2f %s ", real_time, big_o.c_str(),
+            cpu_time, big_o.c_str());
+  } else if (result.report_rms) {
+    printer(Out, COLOR_YELLOW, "%10.0f %% %10.0f %% ", real_time * 100,
+            cpu_time * 100);
+  } else {
+    const char* timeLabel = GetTimeUnitString(result.time_unit);
+    printer(Out, COLOR_YELLOW, "%10.0f %s %10.0f %s ", real_time, timeLabel,
+            cpu_time, timeLabel);
+  }
+
+  if (!result.report_big_o && !result.report_rms) {
+    printer(Out, COLOR_CYAN, "%10lld", result.iterations);
+  }
+
+  for (auto& c : result.counters) {
+    auto const& s = HumanReadableNumber(c.second.value);
+    if (output_options_ & OO_Tabular) {
+      if (c.second.flags & Counter::kIsRate) {
+        printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %8s/s", s.c_str());
+      } else {
+        printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %10s", s.c_str());
+      }
+    } else {
+      const char* unit = (c.second.flags & Counter::kIsRate) ? "/s" : "";
+      printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %s=%s%s", c.first.c_str(), s.c_str(),
+              unit);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!rate.empty()) {
+    printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %*s", 13, rate.c_str());
+  }
+
+  if (!items.empty()) {
+    printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %*s", 18, items.c_str());
+  }
+
+  if (!result.report_label.empty()) {
+    printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, " %s", result.report_label.c_str());
+  }
+
+  printer(Out, COLOR_DEFAULT, "\n");
+}
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/counter.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/counter.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed1aa044e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/counter.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "counter.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+namespace internal {
+
+double Finish(Counter const& c, double cpu_time, double num_threads) {
+  double v = c.value;
+  if (c.flags & Counter::kIsRate) {
+    v /= cpu_time;
+  }
+  if (c.flags & Counter::kAvgThreads) {
+    v /= num_threads;
+  }
+  return v;
+}
+
+void Finish(UserCounters *l, double cpu_time, double num_threads) {
+  for (auto &c : *l) {
+    c.second.value = Finish(c.second, cpu_time, num_threads);
+  }
+}
+
+void Increment(UserCounters *l, UserCounters const& r) {
+  // add counters present in both or just in *l
+  for (auto &c : *l) {
+    auto it = r.find(c.first);
+    if (it != r.end()) {
+      c.second.value = c.second + it->second;
+    }
+  }
+  // add counters present in r, but not in *l
+  for (auto const &tc : r) {
+    auto it = l->find(tc.first);
+    if (it == l->end()) {
+      (*l)[tc.first] = tc.second;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool SameNames(UserCounters const& l, UserCounters const& r) {
+  if (&l == &r) return true;
+  if (l.size() != r.size()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (auto const& c : l) {
+    if (r.find(c.first) == r.end()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+} // end namespace internal
+} // end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/counter.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/counter.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd6865a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/counter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+// these counter-related functions are hidden to reduce API surface.
+namespace internal {
+void Finish(UserCounters *l, double time, double num_threads);
+void Increment(UserCounters *l, UserCounters const& r);
+bool SameNames(UserCounters const& l, UserCounters const& r);
+} // end namespace internal
+
+} //end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/csv_reporter.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/csv_reporter.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35510645b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/csv_reporter.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "complexity.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "string_util.h"
+#include "timers.h"
+#include "check.h"
+
+// File format reference: http://edoceo.com/utilitas/csv-file-format.
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+namespace {
+std::vector<std::string> elements = {
+    "name",           "iterations",       "real_time",        "cpu_time",
+    "time_unit",      "bytes_per_second", "items_per_second", "label",
+    "error_occurred", "error_message"};
+}  // namespace
+
+bool CSVReporter::ReportContext(const Context& context) {
+  PrintBasicContext(&GetErrorStream(), context);
+  return true;
+}
+
+void CSVReporter::ReportRuns(const std::vector<Run> & reports) {
+  std::ostream& Out = GetOutputStream();
+
+  if (!printed_header_) {
+    // save the names of all the user counters
+    for (const auto& run : reports) {
+      for (const auto& cnt : run.counters) {
+        user_counter_names_.insert(cnt.first);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // print the header
+    for (auto B = elements.begin(); B != elements.end();) {
+      Out << *B++;
+      if (B != elements.end()) Out << ",";
+    }
+    for (auto B = user_counter_names_.begin(); B != user_counter_names_.end();) {
+      Out << ",\"" << *B++ << "\"";
+    }
+    Out << "\n";
+
+    printed_header_ = true;
+  } else {
+    // check that all the current counters are saved in the name set
+    for (const auto& run : reports) {
+      for (const auto& cnt : run.counters) {
+        CHECK(user_counter_names_.find(cnt.first) != user_counter_names_.end())
+              << "All counters must be present in each run. "
+              << "Counter named \"" << cnt.first
+              << "\" was not in a run after being added to the header";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // print results for each run
+  for (const auto& run : reports) {
+    PrintRunData(run);
+  }
+
+}
+
+void CSVReporter::PrintRunData(const Run & run) {
+  std::ostream& Out = GetOutputStream();
+
+  // Field with embedded double-quote characters must be doubled and the field
+  // delimited with double-quotes.
+  std::string name = run.benchmark_name;
+  ReplaceAll(&name, "\"", "\"\"");
+  Out << '"' << name << "\",";
+  if (run.error_occurred) {
+    Out << std::string(elements.size() - 3, ',');
+    Out << "true,";
+    std::string msg = run.error_message;
+    ReplaceAll(&msg, "\"", "\"\"");
+    Out << '"' << msg << "\"\n";
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Do not print iteration on bigO and RMS report
+  if (!run.report_big_o && !run.report_rms) {
+    Out << run.iterations;
+  }
+  Out << ",";
+
+  Out << run.GetAdjustedRealTime() << ",";
+  Out << run.GetAdjustedCPUTime() << ",";
+
+  // Do not print timeLabel on bigO and RMS report
+  if (run.report_big_o) {
+    Out << GetBigOString(run.complexity);
+  } else if (!run.report_rms) {
+    Out << GetTimeUnitString(run.time_unit);
+  }
+  Out << ",";
+
+  if (run.bytes_per_second > 0.0) {
+    Out << run.bytes_per_second;
+  }
+  Out << ",";
+  if (run.items_per_second > 0.0) {
+    Out << run.items_per_second;
+  }
+  Out << ",";
+  if (!run.report_label.empty()) {
+    // Field with embedded double-quote characters must be doubled and the field
+    // delimited with double-quotes.
+    std::string label = run.report_label;
+    ReplaceAll(&label, "\"", "\"\"");
+    Out << "\"" << label << "\"";
+  }
+  Out << ",,";  // for error_occurred and error_message
+
+  // Print user counters
+  for (const auto &ucn : user_counter_names_) {
+    auto it = run.counters.find(ucn);
+    if(it == run.counters.end()) {
+      Out << ",";
+    } else {
+      Out << "," << it->second;
+    }
+  }
+  Out << '\n';
+}
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/cycleclock.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/cycleclock.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4251fe4c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/cycleclock.h
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// CycleClock
+//    A CycleClock tells you the current time in Cycles.  The "time"
+//    is actually time since power-on.  This is like time() but doesn't
+//    involve a system call and is much more precise.
+//
+// NOTE: Not all cpu/platform/kernel combinations guarantee that this
+// clock increments at a constant rate or is synchronized across all logical
+// cpus in a system.
+//
+// If you need the above guarantees, please consider using a different
+// API. There are efforts to provide an interface which provides a millisecond
+// granularity and implemented as a memory read. A memory read is generally
+// cheaper than the CycleClock for many architectures.
+//
+// Also, in some out of order CPU implementations, the CycleClock is not
+// serializing. So if you're trying to count at cycles granularity, your
+// data might be inaccurate due to out of order instruction execution.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_CYCLECLOCK_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_CYCLECLOCK_H_
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "internal_macros.h"
+
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX)
+#include <mach/mach_time.h>
+#endif
+// For MSVC, we want to use '_asm rdtsc' when possible (since it works
+// with even ancient MSVC compilers), and when not possible the
+// __rdtsc intrinsic, declared in <intrin.h>.  Unfortunately, in some
+// environments, <windows.h> and <intrin.h> have conflicting
+// declarations of some other intrinsics, breaking compilation.
+// Therefore, we simply declare __rdtsc ourselves. See also
+// http://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/262047
+#if defined(COMPILER_MSVC) && !defined(_M_IX86)
+extern "C" uint64_t __rdtsc();
+#pragma intrinsic(__rdtsc)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN
+#include <emscripten.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace benchmark {
+// NOTE: only i386 and x86_64 have been well tested.
+// PPC, sparc, alpha, and ia64 are based on
+//    http://peter.kuscsik.com/wordpress/?p=14
+// with modifications by m3b.  See also
+//    https://setisvn.ssl.berkeley.edu/svn/lib/fftw-3.0.1/kernel/cycle.h
+namespace cycleclock {
+// This should return the number of cycles since power-on.  Thread-safe.
+inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE int64_t Now() {
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX)
+  // this goes at the top because we need ALL Macs, regardless of
+  // architecture, to return the number of "mach time units" that
+  // have passed since startup.  See sysinfo.cc where
+  // InitializeSystemInfo() sets the supposed cpu clock frequency of
+  // macs to the number of mach time units per second, not actual
+  // CPU clock frequency (which can change in the face of CPU
+  // frequency scaling).  Also note that when the Mac sleeps, this
+  // counter pauses; it does not continue counting, nor does it
+  // reset to zero.
+  return mach_absolute_time();
+#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN)
+  // this goes above x86-specific code because old versions of Emscripten
+  // define __x86_64__, although they have nothing to do with it.
+  return static_cast<int64_t>(emscripten_get_now() * 1e+6);
+#elif defined(__i386__)
+  int64_t ret;
+  __asm__ volatile("rdtsc" : "=A"(ret));
+  return ret;
+#elif defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__amd64__)
+  uint64_t low, high;
+  __asm__ volatile("rdtsc" : "=a"(low), "=d"(high));
+  return (high << 32) | low;
+#elif defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__ppc__)
+  // This returns a time-base, which is not always precisely a cycle-count.
+  int64_t tbl, tbu0, tbu1;
+  asm("mftbu %0" : "=r"(tbu0));
+  asm("mftb  %0" : "=r"(tbl));
+  asm("mftbu %0" : "=r"(tbu1));
+  tbl &= -static_cast<int64_t>(tbu0 == tbu1);
+  // high 32 bits in tbu1; low 32 bits in tbl  (tbu0 is garbage)
+  return (tbu1 << 32) | tbl;
+#elif defined(__sparc__)
+  int64_t tick;
+  asm(".byte 0x83, 0x41, 0x00, 0x00");
+  asm("mov   %%g1, %0" : "=r"(tick));
+  return tick;
+#elif defined(__ia64__)
+  int64_t itc;
+  asm("mov %0 = ar.itc" : "=r"(itc));
+  return itc;
+#elif defined(COMPILER_MSVC) && defined(_M_IX86)
+  // Older MSVC compilers (like 7.x) don't seem to support the
+  // __rdtsc intrinsic properly, so I prefer to use _asm instead
+  // when I know it will work.  Otherwise, I'll use __rdtsc and hope
+  // the code is being compiled with a non-ancient compiler.
+  _asm rdtsc
+#elif defined(COMPILER_MSVC)
+  return __rdtsc();
+#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_NACL)
+  // Native Client validator on x86/x86-64 allows RDTSC instructions,
+  // and this case is handled above. Native Client validator on ARM
+  // rejects MRC instructions (used in the ARM-specific sequence below),
+  // so we handle it here. Portable Native Client compiles to
+  // architecture-agnostic bytecode, which doesn't provide any
+  // cycle counter access mnemonics.
+
+  // Native Client does not provide any API to access cycle counter.
+  // Use clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, ...) instead of gettimeofday
+  // because is provides nanosecond resolution (which is noticable at
+  // least for PNaCl modules running on x86 Mac & Linux).
+  // Initialize to always return 0 if clock_gettime fails.
+  struct timespec ts = { 0, 0 };
+  clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
+  return static_cast<int64_t>(ts.tv_sec) * 1000000000 + ts.tv_nsec;
+#elif defined(__aarch64__)
+  // System timer of ARMv8 runs at a different frequency than the CPU's.
+  // The frequency is fixed, typically in the range 1-50MHz.  It can be
+  // read at CNTFRQ special register.  We assume the OS has set up
+  // the virtual timer properly.
+  int64_t virtual_timer_value;
+  asm volatile("mrs %0, cntvct_el0" : "=r"(virtual_timer_value));
+  return virtual_timer_value;
+#elif defined(__ARM_ARCH)
+  // V6 is the earliest arch that has a standard cyclecount
+  // Native Client validator doesn't allow MRC instructions.
+#if (__ARM_ARCH >= 6)
+  uint32_t pmccntr;
+  uint32_t pmuseren;
+  uint32_t pmcntenset;
+  // Read the user mode perf monitor counter access permissions.
+  asm volatile("mrc p15, 0, %0, c9, c14, 0" : "=r"(pmuseren));
+  if (pmuseren & 1) {  // Allows reading perfmon counters for user mode code.
+    asm volatile("mrc p15, 0, %0, c9, c12, 1" : "=r"(pmcntenset));
+    if (pmcntenset & 0x80000000ul) {  // Is it counting?
+      asm volatile("mrc p15, 0, %0, c9, c13, 0" : "=r"(pmccntr));
+      // The counter is set up to count every 64th cycle
+      return static_cast<int64_t>(pmccntr) * 64;  // Should optimize to << 6
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  struct timeval tv;
+  gettimeofday(&tv, nullptr);
+  return static_cast<int64_t>(tv.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv.tv_usec;
+#elif defined(__mips__)
+  // mips apparently only allows rdtsc for superusers, so we fall
+  // back to gettimeofday.  It's possible clock_gettime would be better.
+  struct timeval tv;
+  gettimeofday(&tv, nullptr);
+  return static_cast<int64_t>(tv.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv.tv_usec;
+#else
+// The soft failover to a generic implementation is automatic only for ARM.
+// For other platforms the developer is expected to make an attempt to create
+// a fast implementation and use generic version if nothing better is available.
+#error You need to define CycleTimer for your OS and CPU
+#endif
+}
+}  // end namespace cycleclock
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_CYCLECLOCK_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/internal_macros.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/internal_macros.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..942887457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/internal_macros.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_INTERNAL_MACROS_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_INTERNAL_MACROS_H_
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+#ifndef __has_feature
+#define __has_feature(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#define COMPILER_CLANG
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define COMPILER_MSVC
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#define COMPILER_GCC
+#endif
+
+#if __has_feature(cxx_attributes)
+#define BENCHMARK_NORETURN [[noreturn]]
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#define BENCHMARK_NORETURN __attribute__((noreturn))
+#elif defined(COMPILER_MSVC)
+#define BENCHMARK_NORETURN __declspec(noreturn)
+#else
+#define BENCHMARK_NORETURN
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#define BENCHMARK_OS_CYGWIN 1
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+#define BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS 1
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#include "TargetConditionals.h"
+  #if defined(TARGET_OS_MAC)
+    #define BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX 1
+    #if defined(TARGET_OS_IPHONE)
+      #define BENCHMARK_OS_IOS 1
+    #endif
+  #endif
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
+#define BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD 1
+#elif defined(__linux__)
+#define BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX 1
+#elif defined(__native_client__)
+#define BENCHMARK_OS_NACL 1
+#elif defined(EMSCRIPTEN)
+#define BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN 1
+#elif defined(__rtems__)
+#define BENCHMARK_OS_RTEMS 1
+#endif
+
+#if !__has_feature(cxx_exceptions) && !defined(__cpp_exceptions) \
+     && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+#define BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_INTERNAL_MACROS_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/json_reporter.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/json_reporter.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..edf6ecc83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/json_reporter.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "complexity.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "string_util.h"
+#include "timers.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+namespace {
+
+std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, std::string const& value) {
+  return StringPrintF("\"%s\": \"%s\"", key.c_str(), value.c_str());
+}
+
+std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, const char* value) {
+  return StringPrintF("\"%s\": \"%s\"", key.c_str(), value);
+}
+
+std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, bool value) {
+  return StringPrintF("\"%s\": %s", key.c_str(), value ? "true" : "false");
+}
+
+std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, int64_t value) {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << '"' << key << "\": " << value;
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, double value) {
+  return StringPrintF("\"%s\": %.2f", key.c_str(), value);
+}
+
+int64_t RoundDouble(double v) { return static_cast<int64_t>(v + 0.5); }
+
+}  // end namespace
+
+bool JSONReporter::ReportContext(const Context& context) {
+  std::ostream& out = GetOutputStream();
+
+  out << "{\n";
+  std::string inner_indent(2, ' ');
+
+  // Open context block and print context information.
+  out << inner_indent << "\"context\": {\n";
+  std::string indent(4, ' ');
+
+  std::string walltime_value = LocalDateTimeString();
+  out << indent << FormatKV("date", walltime_value) << ",\n";
+
+  out << indent << FormatKV("num_cpus", static_cast<int64_t>(context.num_cpus))
+      << ",\n";
+  out << indent << FormatKV("mhz_per_cpu", RoundDouble(context.mhz_per_cpu))
+      << ",\n";
+  out << indent << FormatKV("cpu_scaling_enabled", context.cpu_scaling_enabled)
+      << ",\n";
+
+#if defined(NDEBUG)
+  const char build_type[] = "release";
+#else
+  const char build_type[] = "debug";
+#endif
+  out << indent << FormatKV("library_build_type", build_type) << "\n";
+  // Close context block and open the list of benchmarks.
+  out << inner_indent << "},\n";
+  out << inner_indent << "\"benchmarks\": [\n";
+  return true;
+}
+
+void JSONReporter::ReportRuns(std::vector<Run> const& reports) {
+  if (reports.empty()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  std::string indent(4, ' ');
+  std::ostream& out = GetOutputStream();
+  if (!first_report_) {
+    out << ",\n";
+  }
+  first_report_ = false;
+
+  for (auto it = reports.begin(); it != reports.end(); ++it) {
+    out << indent << "{\n";
+    PrintRunData(*it);
+    out << indent << '}';
+    auto it_cp = it;
+    if (++it_cp != reports.end()) {
+      out << ",\n";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void JSONReporter::Finalize() {
+  // Close the list of benchmarks and the top level object.
+  GetOutputStream() << "\n  ]\n}\n";
+}
+
+void JSONReporter::PrintRunData(Run const& run) {
+  std::string indent(6, ' ');
+  std::ostream& out = GetOutputStream();
+  out << indent << FormatKV("name", run.benchmark_name) << ",\n";
+  if (run.error_occurred) {
+    out << indent << FormatKV("error_occurred", run.error_occurred) << ",\n";
+    out << indent << FormatKV("error_message", run.error_message) << ",\n";
+  }
+  if (!run.report_big_o && !run.report_rms) {
+    out << indent << FormatKV("iterations", run.iterations) << ",\n";
+    out << indent
+        << FormatKV("real_time", RoundDouble(run.GetAdjustedRealTime()))
+        << ",\n";
+    out << indent
+        << FormatKV("cpu_time", RoundDouble(run.GetAdjustedCPUTime()));
+    out << ",\n"
+        << indent << FormatKV("time_unit", GetTimeUnitString(run.time_unit));
+  } else if (run.report_big_o) {
+    out << indent
+        << FormatKV("cpu_coefficient", RoundDouble(run.GetAdjustedCPUTime()))
+        << ",\n";
+    out << indent
+        << FormatKV("real_coefficient", RoundDouble(run.GetAdjustedRealTime()))
+        << ",\n";
+    out << indent << FormatKV("big_o", GetBigOString(run.complexity)) << ",\n";
+    out << indent << FormatKV("time_unit", GetTimeUnitString(run.time_unit));
+  } else if (run.report_rms) {
+    out << indent
+        << FormatKV("rms", run.GetAdjustedCPUTime());
+  }
+  if (run.bytes_per_second > 0.0) {
+    out << ",\n"
+        << indent
+        << FormatKV("bytes_per_second", RoundDouble(run.bytes_per_second));
+  }
+  if (run.items_per_second > 0.0) {
+    out << ",\n"
+        << indent
+        << FormatKV("items_per_second", RoundDouble(run.items_per_second));
+  }
+  for(auto &c : run.counters) {
+    out << ",\n"
+        << indent
+        << FormatKV(c.first, RoundDouble(c.second));
+  }
+  if (!run.report_label.empty()) {
+    out << ",\n" << indent << FormatKV("label", run.report_label);
+  }
+  out << '\n';
+}
+
+} // end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/log.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/log.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d06e1031d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/log.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_LOG_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_LOG_H_
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+namespace internal {
+
+typedef std::basic_ostream<char>&(EndLType)(std::basic_ostream<char>&);
+
+class LogType {
+  friend LogType& GetNullLogInstance();
+  friend LogType& GetErrorLogInstance();
+
+  // FIXME: Add locking to output.
+  template <class Tp>
+  friend LogType& operator<<(LogType&, Tp const&);
+  friend LogType& operator<<(LogType&, EndLType*);
+
+ private:
+  LogType(std::ostream* out) : out_(out) {}
+  std::ostream* out_;
+  BENCHMARK_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(LogType);
+};
+
+template <class Tp>
+LogType& operator<<(LogType& log, Tp const& value) {
+  if (log.out_) {
+    *log.out_ << value;
+  }
+  return log;
+}
+
+inline LogType& operator<<(LogType& log, EndLType* m) {
+  if (log.out_) {
+    *log.out_ << m;
+  }
+  return log;
+}
+
+inline int& LogLevel() {
+  static int log_level = 0;
+  return log_level;
+}
+
+inline LogType& GetNullLogInstance() {
+  static LogType log(nullptr);
+  return log;
+}
+
+inline LogType& GetErrorLogInstance() {
+  static LogType log(&std::clog);
+  return log;
+}
+
+inline LogType& GetLogInstanceForLevel(int level) {
+  if (level <= LogLevel()) {
+    return GetErrorLogInstance();
+  }
+  return GetNullLogInstance();
+}
+
+}  // end namespace internal
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+
+#define VLOG(x)                                                               \
+  (::benchmark::internal::GetLogInstanceForLevel(x) << "-- LOG(" << x << "):" \
+                                                                         " ")
+
+#endif
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/mutex.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/mutex.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f461d05a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/mutex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_MUTEX_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_MUTEX_H_
+
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "check.h"
+
+// Enable thread safety attributes only with clang.
+// The attributes can be safely erased when compiling with other compilers.
+#if defined(HAVE_THREAD_SAFETY_ATTRIBUTES)
+#define THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(x) __attribute__((x))
+#else
+#define THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(x)  // no-op
+#endif
+
+#define CAPABILITY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(capability(x))
+
+#define SCOPED_CAPABILITY THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(scoped_lockable)
+
+#define GUARDED_BY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(guarded_by(x))
+
+#define PT_GUARDED_BY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(pt_guarded_by(x))
+
+#define ACQUIRED_BEFORE(...) \
+  THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(acquired_before(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define ACQUIRED_AFTER(...) \
+  THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(acquired_after(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define REQUIRES(...) \
+  THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(requires_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define REQUIRES_SHARED(...) \
+  THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(requires_shared_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define ACQUIRE(...) \
+  THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(acquire_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define ACQUIRE_SHARED(...) \
+  THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(acquire_shared_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define RELEASE(...) \
+  THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(release_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define RELEASE_SHARED(...) \
+  THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(release_shared_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define TRY_ACQUIRE(...) \
+  THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(try_acquire_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define TRY_ACQUIRE_SHARED(...) \
+  THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(try_acquire_shared_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define EXCLUDES(...) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(locks_excluded(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define ASSERT_CAPABILITY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(assert_capability(x))
+
+#define ASSERT_SHARED_CAPABILITY(x) \
+  THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(assert_shared_capability(x))
+
+#define RETURN_CAPABILITY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(lock_returned(x))
+
+#define NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS \
+  THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(no_thread_safety_analysis)
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+typedef std::condition_variable Condition;
+
+// NOTE: Wrappers for std::mutex and std::unique_lock are provided so that
+// we can annotate them with thread safety attributes and use the
+// -Wthread-safety warning with clang. The standard library types cannot be
+// used directly because they do not provided the required annotations.
+class CAPABILITY("mutex") Mutex {
+ public:
+  Mutex() {}
+
+  void lock() ACQUIRE() { mut_.lock(); }
+  void unlock() RELEASE() { mut_.unlock(); }
+  std::mutex& native_handle() { return mut_; }
+
+ private:
+  std::mutex mut_;
+};
+
+class SCOPED_CAPABILITY MutexLock {
+  typedef std::unique_lock<std::mutex> MutexLockImp;
+
+ public:
+  MutexLock(Mutex& m) ACQUIRE(m) : ml_(m.native_handle()) {}
+  ~MutexLock() RELEASE() {}
+  MutexLockImp& native_handle() { return ml_; }
+
+ private:
+  MutexLockImp ml_;
+};
+
+class Barrier {
+ public:
+  Barrier(int num_threads) : running_threads_(num_threads) {}
+
+  // Called by each thread
+  bool wait() EXCLUDES(lock_) {
+    bool last_thread = false;
+    {
+      MutexLock ml(lock_);
+      last_thread = createBarrier(ml);
+    }
+    if (last_thread) phase_condition_.notify_all();
+    return last_thread;
+  }
+
+  void removeThread() EXCLUDES(lock_) {
+    MutexLock ml(lock_);
+    --running_threads_;
+    if (entered_ != 0) phase_condition_.notify_all();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  Mutex lock_;
+  Condition phase_condition_;
+  int running_threads_;
+
+  // State for barrier management
+  int phase_number_ = 0;
+  int entered_ = 0;  // Number of threads that have entered this barrier
+
+  // Enter the barrier and wait until all other threads have also
+  // entered the barrier.  Returns iff this is the last thread to
+  // enter the barrier.
+  bool createBarrier(MutexLock& ml) REQUIRES(lock_) {
+    CHECK_LT(entered_, running_threads_);
+    entered_++;
+    if (entered_ < running_threads_) {
+      // Wait for all threads to enter
+      int phase_number_cp = phase_number_;
+      auto cb = [this, phase_number_cp]() {
+        return this->phase_number_ > phase_number_cp ||
+               entered_ == running_threads_;  // A thread has aborted in error
+      };
+      phase_condition_.wait(ml.native_handle(), cb);
+      if (phase_number_ > phase_number_cp) return false;
+      // else (running_threads_ == entered_) and we are the last thread.
+    }
+    // Last thread has reached the barrier
+    phase_number_++;
+    entered_ = 0;
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_MUTEX_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/re.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/re.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01e973650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/re.h
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_RE_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_RE_H_
+
+#include "internal_macros.h"
+
+// Prefer C regex libraries when compiling w/o exceptions so that we can
+// correctly report errors.
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS) && defined(HAVE_STD_REGEX) && \
+    (defined(HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX) || defined(HAVE_POSIX_REGEX))
+#undef HAVE_STD_REGEX
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE_STD_REGEX)
+#include <regex>
+#elif defined(HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX)
+#include <gnuregex.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_POSIX_REGEX)
+#include <regex.h>
+#else
+#error No regular expression backend was found!
+#endif
+#include <string>
+
+#include "check.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+// A wrapper around the POSIX regular expression API that provides automatic
+// cleanup
+class Regex {
+ public:
+  Regex() : init_(false) {}
+
+  ~Regex();
+
+  // Compile a regular expression matcher from spec.  Returns true on success.
+  //
+  // On failure (and if error is not nullptr), error is populated with a human
+  // readable error message if an error occurs.
+  bool Init(const std::string& spec, std::string* error);
+
+  // Returns whether str matches the compiled regular expression.
+  bool Match(const std::string& str);
+
+ private:
+  bool init_;
+// Underlying regular expression object
+#if defined(HAVE_STD_REGEX)
+  std::regex re_;
+#elif defined(HAVE_POSIX_REGEX) || defined(HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX)
+  regex_t re_;
+#else
+#error No regular expression backend implementation available
+#endif
+};
+
+#if defined(HAVE_STD_REGEX)
+
+inline bool Regex::Init(const std::string& spec, std::string* error) {
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+  ((void)error); // suppress unused warning
+#else
+  try {
+#endif
+    re_ = std::regex(spec, std::regex_constants::extended);
+    init_ = true;
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+  } catch (const std::regex_error& e) {
+    if (error) {
+      *error = e.what();
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  return init_;
+}
+
+inline Regex::~Regex() {}
+
+inline bool Regex::Match(const std::string& str) {
+  if (!init_) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return std::regex_search(str, re_);
+}
+
+#else
+inline bool Regex::Init(const std::string& spec, std::string* error) {
+  int ec = regcomp(&re_, spec.c_str(), REG_EXTENDED | REG_NOSUB);
+  if (ec != 0) {
+    if (error) {
+      size_t needed = regerror(ec, &re_, nullptr, 0);
+      char* errbuf = new char[needed];
+      regerror(ec, &re_, errbuf, needed);
+
+      // regerror returns the number of bytes necessary to null terminate
+      // the string, so we move that when assigning to error.
+      CHECK_NE(needed, 0);
+      error->assign(errbuf, needed - 1);
+
+      delete[] errbuf;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  init_ = true;
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline Regex::~Regex() {
+  if (init_) {
+    regfree(&re_);
+  }
+}
+
+inline bool Regex::Match(const std::string& str) {
+  if (!init_) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return regexec(&re_, str.c_str(), 0, nullptr, 0) == 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_RE_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/reporter.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/reporter.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aacd45317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/reporter.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "timers.h"
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "check.h"
+#include "stat.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+BenchmarkReporter::BenchmarkReporter()
+    : output_stream_(&std::cout), error_stream_(&std::cerr) {}
+
+BenchmarkReporter::~BenchmarkReporter() {}
+
+void BenchmarkReporter::PrintBasicContext(std::ostream *out,
+                                          Context const &context) {
+  CHECK(out) << "cannot be null";
+  auto &Out = *out;
+
+  Out << "Run on (" << context.num_cpus << " X " << context.mhz_per_cpu
+      << " MHz CPU " << ((context.num_cpus > 1) ? "s" : "") << ")\n";
+
+  Out << LocalDateTimeString() << "\n";
+
+  if (context.cpu_scaling_enabled) {
+    Out << "***WARNING*** CPU scaling is enabled, the benchmark "
+           "real time measurements may be noisy and will incur extra "
+           "overhead.\n";
+  }
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  Out << "***WARNING*** Library was built as DEBUG. Timings may be "
+         "affected.\n";
+#endif
+}
+
+double BenchmarkReporter::Run::GetAdjustedRealTime() const {
+  double new_time = real_accumulated_time * GetTimeUnitMultiplier(time_unit);
+  if (iterations != 0) new_time /= static_cast<double>(iterations);
+  return new_time;
+}
+
+double BenchmarkReporter::Run::GetAdjustedCPUTime() const {
+  double new_time = cpu_accumulated_time * GetTimeUnitMultiplier(time_unit);
+  if (iterations != 0) new_time /= static_cast<double>(iterations);
+  return new_time;
+}
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/sleep.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/sleep.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54aa04a42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/sleep.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "sleep.h"
+
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include "internal_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+#include <Windows.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace benchmark {
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+// Window's Sleep takes milliseconds argument.
+void SleepForMilliseconds(int milliseconds) { Sleep(milliseconds); }
+void SleepForSeconds(double seconds) {
+  SleepForMilliseconds(static_cast<int>(kNumMillisPerSecond * seconds));
+}
+#else   // BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+void SleepForMicroseconds(int microseconds) {
+  struct timespec sleep_time;
+  sleep_time.tv_sec = microseconds / kNumMicrosPerSecond;
+  sleep_time.tv_nsec = (microseconds % kNumMicrosPerSecond) * kNumNanosPerMicro;
+  while (nanosleep(&sleep_time, &sleep_time) != 0 && errno == EINTR)
+    ;  // Ignore signals and wait for the full interval to elapse.
+}
+
+void SleepForMilliseconds(int milliseconds) {
+  SleepForMicroseconds(milliseconds * kNumMicrosPerMilli);
+}
+
+void SleepForSeconds(double seconds) {
+  SleepForMicroseconds(static_cast<int>(seconds * kNumMicrosPerSecond));
+}
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+}  // end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/sleep.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/sleep.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f98551afe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/sleep.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_SLEEP_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_SLEEP_H_
+
+namespace benchmark {
+const int kNumMillisPerSecond = 1000;
+const int kNumMicrosPerMilli = 1000;
+const int kNumMicrosPerSecond = kNumMillisPerSecond * 1000;
+const int kNumNanosPerMicro = 1000;
+const int kNumNanosPerSecond = kNumNanosPerMicro * kNumMicrosPerSecond;
+
+void SleepForMilliseconds(int milliseconds);
+void SleepForSeconds(double seconds);
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_SLEEP_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/stat.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/stat.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d356875b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/stat.h
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_STAT_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_STAT_H_
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <limits>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+template <typename VType, typename NumType>
+class Stat1;
+
+template <typename VType, typename NumType>
+class Stat1MinMax;
+
+typedef Stat1<float, int64_t> Stat1_f;
+typedef Stat1<double, int64_t> Stat1_d;
+typedef Stat1MinMax<float, int64_t> Stat1MinMax_f;
+typedef Stat1MinMax<double, int64_t> Stat1MinMax_d;
+
+template <typename VType>
+class Vector2;
+template <typename VType>
+class Vector3;
+template <typename VType>
+class Vector4;
+
+template <typename VType, typename NumType>
+class Stat1 {
+ public:
+  typedef Stat1<VType, NumType> Self;
+
+  Stat1() { Clear(); }
+  // Create a sample of value dat and weight 1
+  explicit Stat1(const VType &dat) {
+    sum_ = dat;
+    sum_squares_ = Sqr(dat);
+    numsamples_ = 1;
+  }
+  // Create statistics for all the samples between begin (included)
+  // and end(excluded)
+  explicit Stat1(const VType *begin, const VType *end) {
+    Clear();
+    for (const VType *item = begin; item < end; ++item) {
+      (*this) += Stat1(*item);
+    }
+  }
+  // Create a sample of value dat and weight w
+  Stat1(const VType &dat, const NumType &w) {
+    sum_ = w * dat;
+    sum_squares_ = w * Sqr(dat);
+    numsamples_ = w;
+  }
+  // Copy operator
+  Stat1(const Self &stat) {
+    sum_ = stat.sum_;
+    sum_squares_ = stat.sum_squares_;
+    numsamples_ = stat.numsamples_;
+  }
+
+  void Clear() {
+    numsamples_ = NumType();
+    sum_squares_ = sum_ = VType();
+  }
+
+  Self &operator=(const Self &stat) {
+    sum_ = stat.sum_;
+    sum_squares_ = stat.sum_squares_;
+    numsamples_ = stat.numsamples_;
+    return (*this);
+  }
+  // Merge statistics from two sample sets.
+  Self &operator+=(const Self &stat) {
+    sum_ += stat.sum_;
+    sum_squares_ += stat.sum_squares_;
+    numsamples_ += stat.numsamples_;
+    return (*this);
+  }
+  // The operation opposite to +=
+  Self &operator-=(const Self &stat) {
+    sum_ -= stat.sum_;
+    sum_squares_ -= stat.sum_squares_;
+    numsamples_ -= stat.numsamples_;
+    return (*this);
+  }
+  // Multiply the weight of the set of samples by a factor k
+  Self &operator*=(const VType &k) {
+    sum_ *= k;
+    sum_squares_ *= k;
+    numsamples_ *= k;
+    return (*this);
+  }
+
+  // Merge statistics from two sample sets.
+  Self operator+(const Self &stat) const { return Self(*this) += stat; }
+
+  // The operation opposite to +
+  Self operator-(const Self &stat) const { return Self(*this) -= stat; }
+
+  // Multiply the weight of the set of samples by a factor k
+  Self operator*(const VType &k) const { return Self(*this) *= k; }
+
+  // Return the total weight of this sample set
+  NumType numSamples() const { return numsamples_; }
+
+  // Return the sum of this sample set
+  VType Sum() const { return sum_; }
+
+  // Return the mean of this sample set
+  VType Mean() const {
+    if (numsamples_ == 0) return VType();
+    return sum_ * (1.0 / numsamples_);
+  }
+
+  // Return the mean of this sample set and compute the standard deviation at
+  // the same time.
+  VType Mean(VType *stddev) const {
+    if (numsamples_ == 0) return VType();
+    VType mean = sum_ * (1.0 / numsamples_);
+    if (stddev) {
+      // Sample standard deviation is undefined for n = 1
+      if (numsamples_ == 1) {
+        *stddev = VType();
+      } else {
+        VType avg_squares = sum_squares_ * (1.0 / numsamples_);
+        *stddev = Sqrt(numsamples_ / (numsamples_ - 1.0) * (avg_squares - Sqr(mean)));
+      }
+    }
+    return mean;
+  }
+
+  // Return the standard deviation of the sample set
+  VType StdDev() const {
+    VType stddev = VType();
+    Mean(&stddev);
+    return stddev;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static_assert(std::is_integral<NumType>::value &&
+                    !std::is_same<NumType, bool>::value,
+                "NumType must be an integral type that is not bool.");
+  // Let i be the index of the samples provided (using +=)
+  // and weight[i],value[i] be the data of sample #i
+  // then the variables have the following meaning:
+  NumType numsamples_;  // sum of weight[i];
+  VType sum_;           // sum of weight[i]*value[i];
+  VType sum_squares_;   // sum of weight[i]*value[i]^2;
+
+  // Template function used to square a number.
+  // For a vector we square all components
+  template <typename SType>
+  static inline SType Sqr(const SType &dat) {
+    return dat * dat;
+  }
+
+  template <typename SType>
+  static inline Vector2<SType> Sqr(const Vector2<SType> &dat) {
+    return dat.MulComponents(dat);
+  }
+
+  template <typename SType>
+  static inline Vector3<SType> Sqr(const Vector3<SType> &dat) {
+    return dat.MulComponents(dat);
+  }
+
+  template <typename SType>
+  static inline Vector4<SType> Sqr(const Vector4<SType> &dat) {
+    return dat.MulComponents(dat);
+  }
+
+  // Template function used to take the square root of a number.
+  // For a vector we square all components
+  template <typename SType>
+  static inline SType Sqrt(const SType &dat) {
+    // Avoid NaN due to imprecision in the calculations
+    if (dat < 0) return 0;
+    return sqrt(dat);
+  }
+
+  template <typename SType>
+  static inline Vector2<SType> Sqrt(const Vector2<SType> &dat) {
+    // Avoid NaN due to imprecision in the calculations
+    return Max(dat, Vector2<SType>()).Sqrt();
+  }
+
+  template <typename SType>
+  static inline Vector3<SType> Sqrt(const Vector3<SType> &dat) {
+    // Avoid NaN due to imprecision in the calculations
+    return Max(dat, Vector3<SType>()).Sqrt();
+  }
+
+  template <typename SType>
+  static inline Vector4<SType> Sqrt(const Vector4<SType> &dat) {
+    // Avoid NaN due to imprecision in the calculations
+    return Max(dat, Vector4<SType>()).Sqrt();
+  }
+};
+
+// Useful printing function
+template <typename VType, typename NumType>
+std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const Stat1<VType, NumType> &s) {
+  out << "{ avg = " << s.Mean() << " std = " << s.StdDev()
+      << " nsamples = " << s.NumSamples() << "}";
+  return out;
+}
+
+// Stat1MinMax: same as Stat1, but it also
+// keeps the Min and Max values; the "-"
+// operator is disabled because it cannot be implemented
+// efficiently
+template <typename VType, typename NumType>
+class Stat1MinMax : public Stat1<VType, NumType> {
+ public:
+  typedef Stat1MinMax<VType, NumType> Self;
+
+  Stat1MinMax() { Clear(); }
+  // Create a sample of value dat and weight 1
+  explicit Stat1MinMax(const VType &dat) : Stat1<VType, NumType>(dat) {
+    max_ = dat;
+    min_ = dat;
+  }
+  // Create statistics for all the samples between begin (included)
+  // and end(excluded)
+  explicit Stat1MinMax(const VType *begin, const VType *end) {
+    Clear();
+    for (const VType *item = begin; item < end; ++item) {
+      (*this) += Stat1MinMax(*item);
+    }
+  }
+  // Create a sample of value dat and weight w
+  Stat1MinMax(const VType &dat, const NumType &w)
+      : Stat1<VType, NumType>(dat, w) {
+    max_ = dat;
+    min_ = dat;
+  }
+  // Copy operator
+  Stat1MinMax(const Self &stat) : Stat1<VType, NumType>(stat) {
+    max_ = stat.max_;
+    min_ = stat.min_;
+  }
+
+  void Clear() {
+    Stat1<VType, NumType>::Clear();
+    if (std::numeric_limits<VType>::has_infinity) {
+      min_ = std::numeric_limits<VType>::infinity();
+      max_ = -std::numeric_limits<VType>::infinity();
+    } else {
+      min_ = std::numeric_limits<VType>::max();
+      max_ = std::numeric_limits<VType>::min();
+    }
+  }
+
+  Self &operator=(const Self &stat) {
+    this->Stat1<VType, NumType>::operator=(stat);
+    max_ = stat.max_;
+    min_ = stat.min_;
+    return (*this);
+  }
+  // Merge statistics from two sample sets.
+  Self &operator+=(const Self &stat) {
+    this->Stat1<VType, NumType>::operator+=(stat);
+    if (stat.max_ > max_) max_ = stat.max_;
+    if (stat.min_ < min_) min_ = stat.min_;
+    return (*this);
+  }
+  // Multiply the weight of the set of samples by a factor k
+  Self &operator*=(const VType &stat) {
+    this->Stat1<VType, NumType>::operator*=(stat);
+    return (*this);
+  }
+  // Merge statistics from two sample sets.
+  Self operator+(const Self &stat) const { return Self(*this) += stat; }
+  // Multiply the weight of the set of samples by a factor k
+  Self operator*(const VType &k) const { return Self(*this) *= k; }
+
+  // Return the maximal value in this sample set
+  VType Max() const { return max_; }
+  // Return the minimal value in this sample set
+  VType Min() const { return min_; }
+
+ private:
+  // The - operation makes no sense with Min/Max
+  // unless we keep the full list of values (but we don't)
+  // make it private, and let it undefined so nobody can call it
+  Self &operator-=(const Self &stat);  // senseless. let it undefined.
+
+  // The operation opposite to -
+  Self operator-(const Self &stat) const;  // senseless. let it undefined.
+
+  // Let i be the index of the samples provided (using +=)
+  // and weight[i],value[i] be the data of sample #i
+  // then the variables have the following meaning:
+  VType max_;  // max of value[i]
+  VType min_;  // min of value[i]
+};
+
+// Useful printing function
+template <typename VType, typename NumType>
+std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out,
+                         const Stat1MinMax<VType, NumType> &s) {
+  out << "{ avg = " << s.Mean() << " std = " << s.StdDev()
+      << " nsamples = " << s.NumSamples() << " min = " << s.Min()
+      << " max = " << s.Max() << "}";
+  return out;
+}
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_STAT_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/string_util.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/string_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd4e7cfde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/string_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#include "string_util.h"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include "arraysize.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+namespace {
+
+// kilo, Mega, Giga, Tera, Peta, Exa, Zetta, Yotta.
+const char kBigSIUnits[] = "kMGTPEZY";
+// Kibi, Mebi, Gibi, Tebi, Pebi, Exbi, Zebi, Yobi.
+const char kBigIECUnits[] = "KMGTPEZY";
+// milli, micro, nano, pico, femto, atto, zepto, yocto.
+const char kSmallSIUnits[] = "munpfazy";
+
+// We require that all three arrays have the same size.
+static_assert(arraysize(kBigSIUnits) == arraysize(kBigIECUnits),
+              "SI and IEC unit arrays must be the same size");
+static_assert(arraysize(kSmallSIUnits) == arraysize(kBigSIUnits),
+              "Small SI and Big SI unit arrays must be the same size");
+
+static const int64_t kUnitsSize = arraysize(kBigSIUnits);
+
+}  // end anonymous namespace
+
+void ToExponentAndMantissa(double val, double thresh, int precision,
+                           double one_k, std::string* mantissa,
+                           int64_t* exponent) {
+  std::stringstream mantissa_stream;
+
+  if (val < 0) {
+    mantissa_stream << "-";
+    val = -val;
+  }
+
+  // Adjust threshold so that it never excludes things which can't be rendered
+  // in 'precision' digits.
+  const double adjusted_threshold =
+      std::max(thresh, 1.0 / std::pow(10.0, precision));
+  const double big_threshold = adjusted_threshold * one_k;
+  const double small_threshold = adjusted_threshold;
+  // Values in ]simple_threshold,small_threshold[ will be printed as-is
+  const double simple_threshold = 0.01;
+
+  if (val > big_threshold) {
+    // Positive powers
+    double scaled = val;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(kBigSIUnits); ++i) {
+      scaled /= one_k;
+      if (scaled <= big_threshold) {
+        mantissa_stream << scaled;
+        *exponent = i + 1;
+        *mantissa = mantissa_stream.str();
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    mantissa_stream << val;
+    *exponent = 0;
+  } else if (val < small_threshold) {
+    // Negative powers
+    if (val < simple_threshold) {
+      double scaled = val;
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(kSmallSIUnits); ++i) {
+        scaled *= one_k;
+        if (scaled >= small_threshold) {
+          mantissa_stream << scaled;
+          *exponent = -static_cast<int64_t>(i + 1);
+          *mantissa = mantissa_stream.str();
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    mantissa_stream << val;
+    *exponent = 0;
+  } else {
+    mantissa_stream << val;
+    *exponent = 0;
+  }
+  *mantissa = mantissa_stream.str();
+}
+
+std::string ExponentToPrefix(int64_t exponent, bool iec) {
+  if (exponent == 0) return "";
+
+  const int64_t index = (exponent > 0 ? exponent - 1 : -exponent - 1);
+  if (index >= kUnitsSize) return "";
+
+  const char* array =
+      (exponent > 0 ? (iec ? kBigIECUnits : kBigSIUnits) : kSmallSIUnits);
+  if (iec)
+    return array[index] + std::string("i");
+  else
+    return std::string(1, array[index]);
+}
+
+std::string ToBinaryStringFullySpecified(double value, double threshold,
+                                         int precision) {
+  std::string mantissa;
+  int64_t exponent;
+  ToExponentAndMantissa(value, threshold, precision, 1024.0, &mantissa,
+                        &exponent);
+  return mantissa + ExponentToPrefix(exponent, false);
+}
+
+void AppendHumanReadable(int n, std::string* str) {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  // Round down to the nearest SI prefix.
+  ss << ToBinaryStringFullySpecified(n, 1.0, 0);
+  *str += ss.str();
+}
+
+std::string HumanReadableNumber(double n) {
+  // 1.1 means that figures up to 1.1k should be shown with the next unit down;
+  // this softens edge effects.
+  // 1 means that we should show one decimal place of precision.
+  return ToBinaryStringFullySpecified(n, 1.1, 1);
+}
+
+std::string StringPrintFImp(const char* msg, va_list args) {
+  // we might need a second shot at this, so pre-emptivly make a copy
+  va_list args_cp;
+  va_copy(args_cp, args);
+
+  // TODO(ericwf): use std::array for first attempt to avoid one memory
+  // allocation guess what the size might be
+  std::array<char, 256> local_buff;
+  std::size_t size = local_buff.size();
+  // 2015-10-08: vsnprintf is used instead of snd::vsnprintf due to a limitation
+  // in the android-ndk
+  auto ret = vsnprintf(local_buff.data(), size, msg, args_cp);
+
+  va_end(args_cp);
+
+  // handle empty expansion
+  if (ret == 0) return std::string{};
+  if (static_cast<std::size_t>(ret) < size)
+    return std::string(local_buff.data());
+
+  // we did not provide a long enough buffer on our first attempt.
+  // add 1 to size to account for null-byte in size cast to prevent overflow
+  size = static_cast<std::size_t>(ret) + 1;
+  auto buff_ptr = std::unique_ptr<char[]>(new char[size]);
+  // 2015-10-08: vsnprintf is used instead of snd::vsnprintf due to a limitation
+  // in the android-ndk
+  ret = vsnprintf(buff_ptr.get(), size, msg, args);
+  return std::string(buff_ptr.get());
+}
+
+std::string StringPrintF(const char* format, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, format);
+  std::string tmp = StringPrintFImp(format, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  return tmp;
+}
+
+void ReplaceAll(std::string* str, const std::string& from,
+                const std::string& to) {
+  std::size_t start = 0;
+  while ((start = str->find(from, start)) != std::string::npos) {
+    str->replace(start, from.length(), to);
+    start += to.length();
+  }
+}
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/string_util.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/string_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b190b91a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/string_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_STRING_UTIL_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_STRING_UTIL_H_
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include "internal_macros.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+void AppendHumanReadable(int n, std::string* str);
+
+std::string HumanReadableNumber(double n);
+
+std::string StringPrintF(const char* format, ...);
+
+inline std::ostream& StringCatImp(std::ostream& out) BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT {
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <class First, class... Rest>
+inline std::ostream& StringCatImp(std::ostream& out, First&& f,
+                                  Rest&&... rest) {
+  out << std::forward<First>(f);
+  return StringCatImp(out, std::forward<Rest>(rest)...);
+}
+
+template <class... Args>
+inline std::string StrCat(Args&&... args) {
+  std::ostringstream ss;
+  StringCatImp(ss, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+void ReplaceAll(std::string* str, const std::string& from,
+                const std::string& to);
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_STRING_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/sysinfo.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/sysinfo.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7feb79e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/sysinfo.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "sysinfo.h"
+#include "internal_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+#include <Shlwapi.h>
+#include <VersionHelpers.h>
+#include <Windows.h>
+#else
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>  // this header must be included before 'sys/sysctl.h' to avoid compilation error on FreeBSD
+#include <unistd.h>
+#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD || defined BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <limits>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "arraysize.h"
+#include "check.h"
+#include "cycleclock.h"
+#include "internal_macros.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "sleep.h"
+#include "string_util.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+namespace {
+std::once_flag cpuinfo_init;
+double cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = 1.0;
+int cpuinfo_num_cpus = 1;  // Conservative guess
+
+#if !defined BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX
+const int64_t estimate_time_ms = 1000;
+
+// Helper function estimates cycles/sec by observing cycles elapsed during
+// sleep(). Using small sleep time decreases accuracy significantly.
+int64_t EstimateCyclesPerSecond() {
+  const int64_t start_ticks = cycleclock::Now();
+  SleepForMilliseconds(estimate_time_ms);
+  return cycleclock::Now() - start_ticks;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX || defined BENCHMARK_OS_CYGWIN
+// Helper function for reading an int from a file. Returns true if successful
+// and the memory location pointed to by value is set to the value read.
+bool ReadIntFromFile(const char* file, long* value) {
+  bool ret = false;
+  int fd = open(file, O_RDONLY);
+  if (fd != -1) {
+    char line[1024];
+    char* err;
+    memset(line, '\0', sizeof(line));
+    ssize_t read_err = read(fd, line, sizeof(line) - 1);
+    ((void)read_err); // prevent unused warning
+    CHECK(read_err >= 0);
+    const long temp_value = strtol(line, &err, 10);
+    if (line[0] != '\0' && (*err == '\n' || *err == '\0')) {
+      *value = temp_value;
+      ret = true;
+    }
+    close(fd);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX || defined BENCHMARK_OS_CYGWIN
+static std::string convertToLowerCase(std::string s) {
+  for (auto& ch : s)
+    ch = std::tolower(ch);
+  return s;
+}
+static bool startsWithKey(std::string Value, std::string Key,
+                          bool IgnoreCase = true) {
+  if (IgnoreCase) {
+    Key = convertToLowerCase(std::move(Key));
+    Value = convertToLowerCase(std::move(Value));
+  }
+  return Value.compare(0, Key.size(), Key) == 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+void InitializeSystemInfo() {
+#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX || defined BENCHMARK_OS_CYGWIN
+  char line[1024];
+  char* err;
+  long freq;
+
+  bool saw_mhz = false;
+
+  // If the kernel is exporting the tsc frequency use that. There are issues
+  // where cpuinfo_max_freq cannot be relied on because the BIOS may be
+  // exporintg an invalid p-state (on x86) or p-states may be used to put the
+  // processor in a new mode (turbo mode). Essentially, those frequencies
+  // cannot always be relied upon. The same reasons apply to /proc/cpuinfo as
+  // well.
+  if (!saw_mhz &&
+      ReadIntFromFile("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/tsc_freq_khz", &freq)) {
+    // The value is in kHz (as the file name suggests).  For example, on a
+    // 2GHz warpstation, the file contains the value "2000000".
+    cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = freq * 1000.0;
+    saw_mhz = true;
+  }
+
+  // If CPU scaling is in effect, we want to use the *maximum* frequency,
+  // not whatever CPU speed some random processor happens to be using now.
+  if (!saw_mhz &&
+      ReadIntFromFile("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq",
+                      &freq)) {
+    // The value is in kHz.  For example, on a 2GHz warpstation, the file
+    // contains the value "2000000".
+    cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = freq * 1000.0;
+    saw_mhz = true;
+  }
+
+  // Read /proc/cpuinfo for other values, and if there is no cpuinfo_max_freq.
+  const char* pname = "/proc/cpuinfo";
+  int fd = open(pname, O_RDONLY);
+  if (fd == -1) {
+    perror(pname);
+    if (!saw_mhz) {
+      cpuinfo_cycles_per_second =
+          static_cast<double>(EstimateCyclesPerSecond());
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  double bogo_clock = 1.0;
+  bool saw_bogo = false;
+  long max_cpu_id = 0;
+  int num_cpus = 0;
+  line[0] = line[1] = '\0';
+  size_t chars_read = 0;
+  do {  // we'll exit when the last read didn't read anything
+    // Move the next line to the beginning of the buffer
+    const size_t oldlinelen = strlen(line);
+    if (sizeof(line) == oldlinelen + 1)  // oldlinelen took up entire line
+      line[0] = '\0';
+    else  // still other lines left to save
+      memmove(line, line + oldlinelen + 1, sizeof(line) - (oldlinelen + 1));
+    // Terminate the new line, reading more if we can't find the newline
+    char* newline = strchr(line, '\n');
+    if (newline == nullptr) {
+      const size_t linelen = strlen(line);
+      const size_t bytes_to_read = sizeof(line) - 1 - linelen;
+      CHECK(bytes_to_read > 0);  // because the memmove recovered >=1 bytes
+      chars_read = read(fd, line + linelen, bytes_to_read);
+      line[linelen + chars_read] = '\0';
+      newline = strchr(line, '\n');
+    }
+    if (newline != nullptr) *newline = '\0';
+
+    // When parsing the "cpu MHz" and "bogomips" (fallback) entries, we only
+    // accept postive values. Some environments (virtual machines) report zero,
+    // which would cause infinite looping in WallTime_Init.
+    if (!saw_mhz && startsWithKey(line, "cpu MHz")) {
+      const char* freqstr = strchr(line, ':');
+      if (freqstr) {
+        cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = strtod(freqstr + 1, &err) * 1000000.0;
+        if (freqstr[1] != '\0' && *err == '\0' && cpuinfo_cycles_per_second > 0)
+          saw_mhz = true;
+      }
+    } else if (startsWithKey(line, "bogomips")) {
+      const char* freqstr = strchr(line, ':');
+      if (freqstr) {
+        bogo_clock = strtod(freqstr + 1, &err) * 1000000.0;
+        if (freqstr[1] != '\0' && *err == '\0' && bogo_clock > 0)
+          saw_bogo = true;
+      }
+    } else if (startsWithKey(line, "processor", /*IgnoreCase*/false)) {
+      // The above comparison is case-sensitive because ARM kernels often
+      // include a "Processor" line that tells you about the CPU, distinct
+      // from the usual "processor" lines that give you CPU ids. No current
+      // Linux architecture is using "Processor" for CPU ids.
+      num_cpus++;  // count up every time we see an "processor :" entry
+      const char* id_str = strchr(line, ':');
+      if (id_str) {
+        const long cpu_id = strtol(id_str + 1, &err, 10);
+        if (id_str[1] != '\0' && *err == '\0' && max_cpu_id < cpu_id)
+          max_cpu_id = cpu_id;
+      }
+    }
+  } while (chars_read > 0);
+  close(fd);
+
+  if (!saw_mhz) {
+    if (saw_bogo) {
+      // If we didn't find anything better, we'll use bogomips, but
+      // we're not happy about it.
+      cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = bogo_clock;
+    } else {
+      // If we don't even have bogomips, we'll use the slow estimation.
+      cpuinfo_cycles_per_second =
+          static_cast<double>(EstimateCyclesPerSecond());
+    }
+  }
+  if (num_cpus == 0) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read num. CPUs correctly from /proc/cpuinfo\n");
+  } else {
+    if ((max_cpu_id + 1) != num_cpus) {
+      fprintf(stderr,
+              "CPU ID assignments in /proc/cpuinfo seem messed up."
+              " This is usually caused by a bad BIOS.\n");
+    }
+    cpuinfo_num_cpus = num_cpus;
+  }
+
+#elif defined BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD
+// For this sysctl to work, the machine must be configured without
+// SMP, APIC, or APM support.  hz should be 64-bit in freebsd 7.0
+// and later.  Before that, it's a 32-bit quantity (and gives the
+// wrong answer on machines faster than 2^32 Hz).  See
+//  http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-i386/2004-November/001846.html
+// But also compare FreeBSD 7.0:
+//  http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/source/i386/i386/tsc.c?v=RELENG70#L223
+//  231         error = sysctl_handle_quad(oidp, &freq, 0, req);
+// To FreeBSD 6.3 (it's the same in 6-STABLE):
+//  http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/source/i386/i386/tsc.c?v=RELENG6#L131
+//  139         error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &freq, sizeof(freq), req);
+#if __FreeBSD__ >= 7
+  uint64_t hz = 0;
+#else
+  unsigned int hz = 0;
+#endif
+  size_t sz = sizeof(hz);
+  const char* sysctl_path = "machdep.tsc_freq";
+  if (sysctlbyname(sysctl_path, &hz, &sz, nullptr, 0) != 0) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Unable to determine clock rate from sysctl: %s: %s\n",
+            sysctl_path, strerror(errno));
+    cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = static_cast<double>(EstimateCyclesPerSecond());
+  } else {
+    cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = hz;
+  }
+// TODO: also figure out cpuinfo_num_cpus
+
+#elif defined BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+  // In NT, read MHz from the registry. If we fail to do so or we're in win9x
+  // then make a crude estimate.
+  DWORD data, data_size = sizeof(data);
+  if (IsWindowsXPOrGreater() &&
+      SUCCEEDED(
+          SHGetValueA(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
+                      "HARDWARE\\DESCRIPTION\\System\\CentralProcessor\\0",
+                      "~MHz", nullptr, &data, &data_size)))
+    cpuinfo_cycles_per_second =
+        static_cast<double>((int64_t)data * (int64_t)(1000 * 1000));  // was mhz
+  else
+    cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = static_cast<double>(EstimateCyclesPerSecond());
+
+  SYSTEM_INFO sysinfo;
+  // Use memset as opposed to = {} to avoid GCC missing initializer false
+  // positives.
+  std::memset(&sysinfo, 0, sizeof(SYSTEM_INFO));
+  GetSystemInfo(&sysinfo);
+  cpuinfo_num_cpus = sysinfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;  // number of logical
+                                                    // processors in the current
+                                                    // group
+
+#elif defined BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX
+  int32_t num_cpus = 0;
+  size_t size = sizeof(num_cpus);
+  if (::sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &num_cpus, &size, nullptr, 0) == 0 &&
+      (size == sizeof(num_cpus))) {
+    cpuinfo_num_cpus = num_cpus;
+  } else {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", strerror(errno));
+    std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+  }
+  int64_t cpu_freq = 0;
+  size = sizeof(cpu_freq);
+  if (::sysctlbyname("hw.cpufrequency", &cpu_freq, &size, nullptr, 0) == 0 &&
+      (size == sizeof(cpu_freq))) {
+    cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = cpu_freq;
+  } else {
+    #if defined BENCHMARK_OS_IOS
+    fprintf(stderr, "CPU frequency cannot be detected. \n");
+    cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = 0;
+    #else
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", strerror(errno));
+    std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    #endif
+  }
+#else
+  // Generic cycles per second counter
+  cpuinfo_cycles_per_second = static_cast<double>(EstimateCyclesPerSecond());
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // end namespace
+
+double CyclesPerSecond(void) {
+  std::call_once(cpuinfo_init, InitializeSystemInfo);
+  return cpuinfo_cycles_per_second;
+}
+
+int NumCPUs(void) {
+  std::call_once(cpuinfo_init, InitializeSystemInfo);
+  return cpuinfo_num_cpus;
+}
+
+// The ""'s catch people who don't pass in a literal for "str"
+#define strliterallen(str) (sizeof("" str "") - 1)
+
+// Must use a string literal for prefix.
+#define memprefix(str, len, prefix)                       \
+  ((((len) >= strliterallen(prefix)) &&                   \
+    std::memcmp(str, prefix, strliterallen(prefix)) == 0) \
+       ? str + strliterallen(prefix)                      \
+       : nullptr)
+
+bool CpuScalingEnabled() {
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+  // On Linux, the CPUfreq subsystem exposes CPU information as files on the
+  // local file system. If reading the exported files fails, then we may not be
+  // running on Linux, so we silently ignore all the read errors.
+  for (int cpu = 0, num_cpus = NumCPUs(); cpu < num_cpus; ++cpu) {
+    std::string governor_file =
+        StrCat("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu", cpu, "/cpufreq/scaling_governor");
+    FILE* file = fopen(governor_file.c_str(), "r");
+    if (!file) break;
+    char buff[16];
+    size_t bytes_read = fread(buff, 1, sizeof(buff), file);
+    fclose(file);
+    if (memprefix(buff, bytes_read, "performance") == nullptr) return true;
+  }
+#endif
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/sysinfo.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/sysinfo.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5d9916d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/sysinfo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_SYSINFO_H_
+#define BENCHMARK_SYSINFO_H_
+
+namespace benchmark {
+int NumCPUs();
+double CyclesPerSecond();
+bool CpuScalingEnabled();
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_SYSINFO_H_
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/timers.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/timers.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..817272d00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/timers.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "timers.h"
+#include "internal_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+#include <Shlwapi.h>
+#include <VersionHelpers.h>
+#include <Windows.h>
+#else
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>  // this header must be included before 'sys/sysctl.h' to avoid compilation error on FreeBSD
+#include <unistd.h>
+#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD || defined BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX)
+#include <mach/mach_init.h>
+#include <mach/mach_port.h>
+#include <mach/thread_act.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN
+#include <emscripten.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <limits>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "check.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "sleep.h"
+#include "string_util.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+// Suppress unused warnings on helper functions.
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#endif
+
+namespace {
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
+double MakeTime(FILETIME const& kernel_time, FILETIME const& user_time) {
+  ULARGE_INTEGER kernel;
+  ULARGE_INTEGER user;
+  kernel.HighPart = kernel_time.dwHighDateTime;
+  kernel.LowPart = kernel_time.dwLowDateTime;
+  user.HighPart = user_time.dwHighDateTime;
+  user.LowPart = user_time.dwLowDateTime;
+  return (static_cast<double>(kernel.QuadPart) +
+          static_cast<double>(user.QuadPart)) *
+         1e-7;
+}
+#else
+double MakeTime(struct rusage const& ru) {
+  return (static_cast<double>(ru.ru_utime.tv_sec) +
+          static_cast<double>(ru.ru_utime.tv_usec) * 1e-6 +
+          static_cast<double>(ru.ru_stime.tv_sec) +
+          static_cast<double>(ru.ru_stime.tv_usec) * 1e-6);
+}
+#endif
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX)
+double MakeTime(thread_basic_info_data_t const& info) {
+  return (static_cast<double>(info.user_time.seconds) +
+          static_cast<double>(info.user_time.microseconds) * 1e-6 +
+          static_cast<double>(info.system_time.seconds) +
+          static_cast<double>(info.system_time.microseconds) * 1e-6);
+}
+#endif
+#if defined(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID) || defined(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID)
+double MakeTime(struct timespec const& ts) {
+  return ts.tv_sec + (static_cast<double>(ts.tv_nsec) * 1e-9);
+}
+#endif
+
+BENCHMARK_NORETURN static void DiagnoseAndExit(const char* msg) {
+  std::cerr << "ERROR: " << msg << std::endl;
+  std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+}  // end namespace
+
+double ProcessCPUUsage() {
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
+  HANDLE proc = GetCurrentProcess();
+  FILETIME creation_time;
+  FILETIME exit_time;
+  FILETIME kernel_time;
+  FILETIME user_time;
+  if (GetProcessTimes(proc, &creation_time, &exit_time, &kernel_time,
+                      &user_time))
+    return MakeTime(kernel_time, user_time);
+  DiagnoseAndExit("GetProccessTimes() failed");
+#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN)
+  // clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, ...) returns 0 on Emscripten.
+  // Use Emscripten-specific API. Reported CPU time would be exactly the
+  // same as total time, but this is ok because there aren't long-latency
+  // syncronous system calls in Emscripten.
+  return emscripten_get_now() * 1e-3;
+#elif defined(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID) && !defined(BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX)
+  // FIXME We want to use clock_gettime, but its not available in MacOS 10.11. See
+  // https://github.com/google/benchmark/pull/292
+  struct timespec spec;
+  if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &spec) == 0)
+    return MakeTime(spec);
+  DiagnoseAndExit("clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, ...) failed");
+#else
+  struct rusage ru;
+  if (getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &ru) == 0) return MakeTime(ru);
+  DiagnoseAndExit("getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, ...) failed");
+#endif
+}
+
+double ThreadCPUUsage() {
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
+  HANDLE this_thread = GetCurrentThread();
+  FILETIME creation_time;
+  FILETIME exit_time;
+  FILETIME kernel_time;
+  FILETIME user_time;
+  GetThreadTimes(this_thread, &creation_time, &exit_time, &kernel_time,
+                 &user_time);
+  return MakeTime(kernel_time, user_time);
+#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX)
+  // FIXME We want to use clock_gettime, but its not available in MacOS 10.11. See
+  // https://github.com/google/benchmark/pull/292
+  mach_msg_type_number_t count = THREAD_BASIC_INFO_COUNT;
+  thread_basic_info_data_t info;
+  mach_port_t thread = pthread_mach_thread_np(pthread_self());
+  if (thread_info(thread, THREAD_BASIC_INFO, (thread_info_t)&info, &count) ==
+      KERN_SUCCESS) {
+    return MakeTime(info);
+  }
+  DiagnoseAndExit("ThreadCPUUsage() failed when evaluating thread_info");
+#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN)
+  // Emscripten doesn't support traditional threads
+  return ProcessCPUUsage();
+#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_RTEMS)
+  // RTEMS doesn't support CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID. See
+  // https://github.com/RTEMS/rtems/blob/master/cpukit/posix/src/clockgettime.c
+  return ProcessCPUUsage();
+#elif defined(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID)
+  struct timespec ts;
+  if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID, &ts) == 0) return MakeTime(ts);
+  DiagnoseAndExit("clock_gettime(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID, ...) failed");
+#else
+#error Per-thread timing is not available on your system.
+#endif
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+std::string DateTimeString(bool local) {
+  typedef std::chrono::system_clock Clock;
+  std::time_t now = Clock::to_time_t(Clock::now());
+  const std::size_t kStorageSize = 128;
+  char storage[kStorageSize];
+  std::size_t written;
+
+  if (local) {
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
+    written =
+        std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%x %X", ::localtime(&now));
+#else
+    std::tm timeinfo;
+    std::memset(&timeinfo, 0, sizeof(std::tm));
+    ::localtime_r(&now, &timeinfo);
+    written = std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%F %T", &timeinfo);
+#endif
+  } else {
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
+    written = std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%x %X", ::gmtime(&now));
+#else
+    std::tm timeinfo;
+    std::memset(&timeinfo, 0, sizeof(std::tm));
+    ::gmtime_r(&now, &timeinfo);
+    written = std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%F %T", &timeinfo);
+#endif
+  }
+  CHECK(written < kStorageSize);
+  ((void)written);  // prevent unused variable in optimized mode.
+  return std::string(storage);
+}
+
+}  // end namespace
+
+std::string LocalDateTimeString() { return DateTimeString(true); }
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/timers.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/timers.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65606ccd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/src/timers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_TIMERS_H
+#define BENCHMARK_TIMERS_H
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace benchmark {
+
+// Return the CPU usage of the current process
+double ProcessCPUUsage();
+
+// Return the CPU usage of the children of the current process
+double ChildrenCPUUsage();
+
+// Return the CPU usage of the current thread
+double ThreadCPUUsage();
+
+#if defined(HAVE_STEADY_CLOCK)
+template <bool HighResIsSteady = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::is_steady>
+struct ChooseSteadyClock {
+  typedef std::chrono::high_resolution_clock type;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct ChooseSteadyClock<false> {
+  typedef std::chrono::steady_clock type;
+};
+#endif
+
+struct ChooseClockType {
+#if defined(HAVE_STEADY_CLOCK)
+  typedef ChooseSteadyClock<>::type type;
+#else
+  typedef std::chrono::high_resolution_clock type;
+#endif
+};
+
+inline double ChronoClockNow() {
+  typedef ChooseClockType::type ClockType;
+  using FpSeconds = std::chrono::duration<double, std::chrono::seconds::period>;
+  return FpSeconds(ClockType::now().time_since_epoch()).count();
+}
+
+std::string LocalDateTimeString();
+
+}  // end namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_TIMERS_H
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/CMakeLists.txt b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b55612b46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# Enable the tests
+
+find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
+include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
+
+# NOTE: Some tests use `<cassert>` to perform the test. Therefore we must
+# strip -DNDEBUG from the default CMake flags in DEBUG mode.
+string(TOUPPER "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" uppercase_CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+if( NOT uppercase_CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "DEBUG" )
+  add_definitions( -UNDEBUG )
+  add_definitions(-DTEST_BENCHMARK_LIBRARY_HAS_NO_ASSERTIONS)
+  # Also remove /D NDEBUG to avoid MSVC warnings about conflicting defines.
+  foreach (flags_var_to_scrub
+      CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE
+      CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO
+      CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL
+      CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE
+      CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO
+      CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL)
+    string (REGEX REPLACE "(^| )[/-]D *NDEBUG($| )" " "
+      "${flags_var_to_scrub}" "${${flags_var_to_scrub}}")
+  endforeach()
+endif()
+
+# NOTE: These flags must be added after find_package(Threads REQUIRED) otherwise
+# they will break the configuration check.
+if (DEFINED BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS)
+  list(APPEND CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS})
+endif()
+
+add_library(output_test_helper STATIC output_test_helper.cc output_test.h)
+
+macro(compile_benchmark_test name)
+  add_executable(${name} "${name}.cc")
+  target_link_libraries(${name} benchmark ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+endmacro(compile_benchmark_test)
+
+
+macro(compile_output_test name)
+  add_executable(${name} "${name}.cc" output_test.h)
+  target_link_libraries(${name} output_test_helper benchmark
+          ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+endmacro(compile_output_test)
+
+
+# Demonstration executable
+compile_benchmark_test(benchmark_test)
+add_test(benchmark benchmark_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01)
+
+compile_benchmark_test(filter_test)
+macro(add_filter_test name filter expect)
+  add_test(${name} filter_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01 --benchmark_filter=${filter} ${expect})
+  add_test(${name}_list_only filter_test --benchmark_list_tests --benchmark_filter=${filter} ${expect})
+endmacro(add_filter_test)
+
+add_filter_test(filter_simple "Foo" 3)
+add_filter_test(filter_suffix "BM_.*" 4)
+add_filter_test(filter_regex_all ".*" 5)
+add_filter_test(filter_regex_blank "" 5)
+add_filter_test(filter_regex_none "monkey" 0)
+add_filter_test(filter_regex_wildcard ".*Foo.*" 3)
+add_filter_test(filter_regex_begin "^BM_.*" 4)
+add_filter_test(filter_regex_begin2 "^N" 1)
+add_filter_test(filter_regex_end ".*Ba$" 1)
+
+compile_benchmark_test(options_test)
+add_test(options_benchmarks options_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01)
+
+compile_benchmark_test(basic_test)
+add_test(basic_benchmark basic_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01)
+
+compile_benchmark_test(diagnostics_test)
+add_test(diagnostics_test diagnostics_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01)
+
+compile_benchmark_test(skip_with_error_test)
+add_test(skip_with_error_test skip_with_error_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01)
+
+compile_benchmark_test(donotoptimize_test)
+# Some of the issues with DoNotOptimize only occur when optimization is enabled
+check_cxx_compiler_flag(-O3 BENCHMARK_HAS_O3_FLAG)
+if (BENCHMARK_HAS_O3_FLAG)
+  set_target_properties(donotoptimize_test PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-O3")
+endif()
+add_test(donotoptimize_test donotoptimize_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01)
+
+compile_benchmark_test(fixture_test)
+add_test(fixture_test fixture_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01)
+
+compile_benchmark_test(register_benchmark_test)
+add_test(register_benchmark_test register_benchmark_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01)
+
+compile_benchmark_test(map_test)
+add_test(map_test map_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01)
+
+compile_benchmark_test(multiple_ranges_test)
+add_test(multiple_ranges_test multiple_ranges_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01)
+
+compile_output_test(reporter_output_test)
+add_test(reporter_output_test reporter_output_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01)
+
+compile_output_test(user_counters_test)
+add_test(user_counters_test user_counters_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01)
+
+compile_output_test(user_counters_tabular_test)
+add_test(user_counters_tabular_test user_counters_tabular_test --benchmark_counters_tabular=true --benchmark_min_time=0.01)
+
+check_cxx_compiler_flag(-std=c++03 BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX03_FLAG)
+if (BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX03_FLAG)
+  set(CXX03_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")
+  string(REPLACE "-std=c++11" "-std=c++03" CXX03_FLAGS "${CXX03_FLAGS}")
+  string(REPLACE "-std=c++0x" "-std=c++03" CXX03_FLAGS "${CXX03_FLAGS}")
+
+  compile_benchmark_test(cxx03_test)
+  set_target_properties(cxx03_test
+      PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "${CXX03_FLAGS}")
+  add_test(cxx03 cxx03_test --benchmark_min_time=0.01)
+endif()
+
+# Attempt to work around flaky test failures when running on Appveyor servers.
+if (DEFINED ENV{APPVEYOR})
+  set(COMPLEXITY_MIN_TIME "0.5")
+else()
+  set(COMPLEXITY_MIN_TIME "0.01")
+endif()
+compile_output_test(complexity_test)
+add_test(complexity_benchmark complexity_test --benchmark_min_time=${COMPLEXITY_MIN_TIME})
+
+# Add the coverage command(s)
+if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+  string(TOLOWER ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE_LOWER)
+endif()
+if (${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE_LOWER} MATCHES "coverage")
+  find_program(GCOV gcov)
+  find_program(LCOV lcov)
+  find_program(GENHTML genhtml)
+  find_program(CTEST ctest)
+  if (GCOV AND LCOV AND GENHTML AND CTEST AND HAVE_CXX_FLAG_COVERAGE)
+    add_custom_command(
+      OUTPUT ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lcov/index.html
+      COMMAND ${LCOV} -q -z -d .
+      COMMAND ${LCOV} -q --no-external -c -b "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}" -d . -o before.lcov -i
+      COMMAND ${CTEST} --force-new-ctest-process
+      COMMAND ${LCOV} -q --no-external -c -b "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}" -d . -o after.lcov
+      COMMAND ${LCOV} -q -a before.lcov -a after.lcov --output-file final.lcov
+      COMMAND ${LCOV} -q -r final.lcov "'${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/test/*'" -o final.lcov
+      COMMAND ${GENHTML} final.lcov -o lcov --demangle-cpp --sort -p "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" -t benchmark
+      DEPENDS filter_test benchmark_test options_test basic_test fixture_test cxx03_test complexity_test
+      WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
+      COMMENT "Running LCOV"
+    )
+    add_custom_target(coverage
+      DEPENDS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lcov/index.html
+      COMMENT "LCOV report at lcov/index.html"
+    )
+    message(STATUS "Coverage command added")
+  else()
+    if (HAVE_CXX_FLAG_COVERAGE)
+      set(CXX_FLAG_COVERAGE_MESSAGE supported)
+    else()
+      set(CXX_FLAG_COVERAGE_MESSAGE unavailable)
+    endif()
+    message(WARNING
+      "Coverage not available:\n"
+      "  gcov: ${GCOV}\n"
+      "  lcov: ${LCOV}\n"
+      "  genhtml: ${GENHTML}\n"
+      "  ctest: ${CTEST}\n"
+      "  --coverage flag: ${CXX_FLAG_COVERAGE_MESSAGE}")
+  endif()
+endif()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/basic_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/basic_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc1f96d93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/basic_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+#define BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(x) BENCHMARK(x)->Arg(8)->Arg(512)->Arg(8192)
+
+void BM_empty(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(state.iterations());
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_empty);
+BENCHMARK(BM_empty)->ThreadPerCpu();
+
+void BM_spin_empty(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    for (int x = 0; x < state.range(0); ++x) {
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x);
+    }
+  }
+}
+BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_empty);
+BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_empty)->ThreadPerCpu();
+
+void BM_spin_pause_before(benchmark::State& state) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) {
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i);
+  }
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) {
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i);
+    }
+  }
+}
+BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_pause_before);
+BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_pause_before)->ThreadPerCpu();
+
+void BM_spin_pause_during(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    state.PauseTiming();
+    for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) {
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i);
+    }
+    state.ResumeTiming();
+    for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) {
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i);
+    }
+  }
+}
+BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_pause_during);
+BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_pause_during)->ThreadPerCpu();
+
+void BM_pause_during(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    state.PauseTiming();
+    state.ResumeTiming();
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_pause_during);
+BENCHMARK(BM_pause_during)->ThreadPerCpu();
+BENCHMARK(BM_pause_during)->UseRealTime();
+BENCHMARK(BM_pause_during)->UseRealTime()->ThreadPerCpu();
+
+void BM_spin_pause_after(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) {
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i);
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) {
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i);
+  }
+}
+BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_pause_after);
+BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_pause_after)->ThreadPerCpu();
+
+void BM_spin_pause_before_and_after(benchmark::State& state) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) {
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i);
+  }
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) {
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i);
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i) {
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(i);
+  }
+}
+BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_pause_before_and_after);
+BASIC_BENCHMARK_TEST(BM_spin_pause_before_and_after)->ThreadPerCpu();
+
+void BM_empty_stop_start(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_empty_stop_start);
+BENCHMARK(BM_empty_stop_start)->ThreadPerCpu();
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/benchmark_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/benchmark_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a16466e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/benchmark_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <limits>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <set>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define BENCHMARK_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+#else
+#define BENCHMARK_NOINLINE
+#endif
+
+namespace {
+
+int BENCHMARK_NOINLINE Factorial(uint32_t n) {
+  return (n == 1) ? 1 : n * Factorial(n - 1);
+}
+
+double CalculatePi(int depth) {
+  double pi = 0.0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < depth; ++i) {
+    double numerator = static_cast<double>(((i % 2) * 2) - 1);
+    double denominator = static_cast<double>((2 * i) - 1);
+    pi += numerator / denominator;
+  }
+  return (pi - 1.0) * 4;
+}
+
+std::set<int> ConstructRandomSet(int size) {
+  std::set<int> s;
+  for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) s.insert(i);
+  return s;
+}
+
+std::mutex test_vector_mu;
+std::vector<int>* test_vector = nullptr;
+
+}  // end namespace
+
+static void BM_Factorial(benchmark::State& state) {
+  int fac_42 = 0;
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) fac_42 = Factorial(8);
+  // Prevent compiler optimizations
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << fac_42;
+  state.SetLabel(ss.str());
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Factorial);
+BENCHMARK(BM_Factorial)->UseRealTime();
+
+static void BM_CalculatePiRange(benchmark::State& state) {
+  double pi = 0.0;
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) pi = CalculatePi(state.range(0));
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << pi;
+  state.SetLabel(ss.str());
+}
+BENCHMARK_RANGE(BM_CalculatePiRange, 1, 1024 * 1024);
+
+static void BM_CalculatePi(benchmark::State& state) {
+  static const int depth = 1024;
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(CalculatePi(depth));
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_CalculatePi)->Threads(8);
+BENCHMARK(BM_CalculatePi)->ThreadRange(1, 32);
+BENCHMARK(BM_CalculatePi)->ThreadPerCpu();
+
+static void BM_SetInsert(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    state.PauseTiming();
+    std::set<int> data = ConstructRandomSet(state.range(0));
+    state.ResumeTiming();
+    for (int j = 0; j < state.range(1); ++j) data.insert(rand());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * state.range(1));
+  state.SetBytesProcessed(state.iterations() * state.range(1) * sizeof(int));
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_SetInsert)->Ranges({{1 << 10, 8 << 10}, {1, 10}});
+
+template <typename Container,
+          typename ValueType = typename Container::value_type>
+static void BM_Sequential(benchmark::State& state) {
+  ValueType v = 42;
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    Container c;
+    for (int i = state.range(0); --i;) c.push_back(v);
+  }
+  const size_t items_processed = state.iterations() * state.range(0);
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(items_processed);
+  state.SetBytesProcessed(items_processed * sizeof(v));
+}
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE2(BM_Sequential, std::vector<int>, int)
+    ->Range(1 << 0, 1 << 10);
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_Sequential, std::list<int>)->Range(1 << 0, 1 << 10);
+// Test the variadic version of BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE in C++11 and beyond.
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_Sequential, std::vector<int>, int)->Arg(512);
+#endif
+
+static void BM_StringCompare(benchmark::State& state) {
+  std::string s1(state.range(0), '-');
+  std::string s2(state.range(0), '-');
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) benchmark::DoNotOptimize(s1.compare(s2));
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_StringCompare)->Range(1, 1 << 20);
+
+static void BM_SetupTeardown(benchmark::State& state) {
+  if (state.thread_index == 0) {
+    // No need to lock test_vector_mu here as this is running single-threaded.
+    test_vector = new std::vector<int>();
+  }
+  int i = 0;
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(test_vector_mu);
+    if (i % 2 == 0)
+      test_vector->push_back(i);
+    else
+      test_vector->pop_back();
+    ++i;
+  }
+  if (state.thread_index == 0) {
+    delete test_vector;
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_SetupTeardown)->ThreadPerCpu();
+
+static void BM_LongTest(benchmark::State& state) {
+  double tracker = 0.0;
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < state.range(0); ++i)
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(tracker += i);
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_LongTest)->Range(1 << 16, 1 << 28);
+
+static void BM_ParallelMemset(benchmark::State& state) {
+  int size = state.range(0) / static_cast<int>(sizeof(int));
+  int thread_size = size / state.threads;
+  int from = thread_size * state.thread_index;
+  int to = from + thread_size;
+
+  if (state.thread_index == 0) {
+    test_vector = new std::vector<int>(size);
+  }
+
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    for (int i = from; i < to; i++) {
+      // No need to lock test_vector_mu as ranges
+      // do not overlap between threads.
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(test_vector->at(i) = 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (state.thread_index == 0) {
+    delete test_vector;
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_ParallelMemset)->Arg(10 << 20)->ThreadRange(1, 4);
+
+static void BM_ManualTiming(benchmark::State& state) {
+  size_t slept_for = 0;
+  int microseconds = state.range(0);
+  std::chrono::duration<double, std::micro> sleep_duration{
+      static_cast<double>(microseconds)};
+
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+    // Simulate some useful workload with a sleep
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(
+        std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(sleep_duration));
+    auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+    auto elapsed =
+        std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(end - start);
+
+    state.SetIterationTime(elapsed.count());
+    slept_for += microseconds;
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(slept_for);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_ManualTiming)->Range(1, 1 << 14)->UseRealTime();
+BENCHMARK(BM_ManualTiming)->Range(1, 1 << 14)->UseManualTime();
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+
+template <class... Args>
+void BM_with_args(benchmark::State& state, Args&&...) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(BM_with_args, int_test, 42, 43, 44);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(BM_with_args, string_and_pair_test, std::string("abc"),
+                  std::pair<int, double>(42, 3.8));
+
+void BM_non_template_args(benchmark::State& state, int, double) {
+  while(state.KeepRunning()) {}
+}
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(BM_non_template_args, basic_test, 0, 0);
+
+#endif  // __cplusplus >= 201103L
+
+static void BM_DenseThreadRanges(benchmark::State& st) {
+  switch (st.range(0)) {
+    case 1:
+      assert(st.threads == 1 || st.threads == 2 || st.threads == 3);
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      assert(st.threads == 1 || st.threads == 3 || st.threads == 4);
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      assert(st.threads == 5 || st.threads == 8 || st.threads == 11 ||
+             st.threads == 14);
+      break;
+    default:
+      assert(false && "Invalid test case number");
+  }
+  while (st.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_DenseThreadRanges)->Arg(1)->DenseThreadRange(1, 3);
+BENCHMARK(BM_DenseThreadRanges)->Arg(2)->DenseThreadRange(1, 4, 2);
+BENCHMARK(BM_DenseThreadRanges)->Arg(3)->DenseThreadRange(5, 14, 3);
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/complexity_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/complexity_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62d1154df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/complexity_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#undef NDEBUG
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <vector>
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "output_test.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+#define ADD_COMPLEXITY_CASES(...) \
+  int CONCAT(dummy, __LINE__) = AddComplexityTest(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+int AddComplexityTest(std::string big_o_test_name, std::string rms_test_name,
+                      std::string big_o) {
+  SetSubstitutions({{"%bigo_name", big_o_test_name},
+                    {"%rms_name", rms_test_name},
+                    {"%bigo_str", "[ ]* %float " + big_o},
+                    {"%bigo", big_o},
+                    {"%rms", "[ ]*[0-9]+ %"}});
+  AddCases(
+      TC_ConsoleOut,
+      {{"^%bigo_name %bigo_str %bigo_str[ ]*$"},
+       {"^%bigo_name", MR_Not},  // Assert we we didn't only matched a name.
+       {"^%rms_name %rms %rms[ ]*$", MR_Next}});
+  AddCases(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"%bigo_name\",$"},
+                        {"\"cpu_coefficient\": [0-9]+,$", MR_Next},
+                        {"\"real_coefficient\": [0-9]{1,5},$", MR_Next},
+                        {"\"big_o\": \"%bigo\",$", MR_Next},
+                        {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\"$", MR_Next},
+                        {"}", MR_Next},
+                        {"\"name\": \"%rms_name\",$"},
+                        {"\"rms\": %float$", MR_Next},
+                        {"}", MR_Next}});
+  AddCases(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"%bigo_name\",,%float,%float,%bigo,,,,,$"},
+                       {"^\"%bigo_name\"", MR_Not},
+                       {"^\"%rms_name\",,%float,%float,,,,,,$", MR_Next}});
+  return 0;
+}
+
+}  // end namespace
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// --------------------------- Testing BigO O(1) --------------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_Complexity_O1(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 1024; ++i) {
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(&i);
+    }
+  }
+  state.SetComplexityN(state.range(0));
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O1)->Range(1, 1 << 18)->Complexity(benchmark::o1);
+BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O1)->Range(1, 1 << 18)->Complexity();
+BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O1)->Range(1, 1 << 18)->Complexity([](int) {
+  return 1.0;
+});
+
+const char *big_o_1_test_name = "BM_Complexity_O1_BigO";
+const char *rms_o_1_test_name = "BM_Complexity_O1_RMS";
+const char *enum_big_o_1 = "\\([0-9]+\\)";
+// FIXME: Tolerate both '(1)' and 'lgN' as output when the complexity is auto
+// deduced.
+// See https://github.com/google/benchmark/issues/272
+const char *auto_big_o_1 = "(\\([0-9]+\\))|(lgN)";
+const char *lambda_big_o_1 = "f\\(N\\)";
+
+// Add enum tests
+ADD_COMPLEXITY_CASES(big_o_1_test_name, rms_o_1_test_name, enum_big_o_1);
+
+// Add auto enum tests
+ADD_COMPLEXITY_CASES(big_o_1_test_name, rms_o_1_test_name, auto_big_o_1);
+
+// Add lambda tests
+ADD_COMPLEXITY_CASES(big_o_1_test_name, rms_o_1_test_name, lambda_big_o_1);
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// --------------------------- Testing BigO O(N) --------------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+std::vector<int> ConstructRandomVector(int size) {
+  std::vector<int> v;
+  v.reserve(size);
+  for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+    v.push_back(std::rand() % size);
+  }
+  return v;
+}
+
+void BM_Complexity_O_N(benchmark::State& state) {
+  auto v = ConstructRandomVector(state.range(0));
+  const int item_not_in_vector =
+      state.range(0) * 2;  // Test worst case scenario (item not in vector)
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), item_not_in_vector));
+  }
+  state.SetComplexityN(state.range(0));
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O_N)
+    ->RangeMultiplier(2)
+    ->Range(1 << 10, 1 << 16)
+    ->Complexity(benchmark::oN);
+BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O_N)
+    ->RangeMultiplier(2)
+    ->Range(1 << 10, 1 << 16)
+    ->Complexity([](int n) -> double { return n; });
+BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O_N)
+    ->RangeMultiplier(2)
+    ->Range(1 << 10, 1 << 16)
+    ->Complexity();
+
+const char *big_o_n_test_name = "BM_Complexity_O_N_BigO";
+const char *rms_o_n_test_name = "BM_Complexity_O_N_RMS";
+const char *enum_auto_big_o_n = "N";
+const char *lambda_big_o_n = "f\\(N\\)";
+
+// Add enum tests
+ADD_COMPLEXITY_CASES(big_o_n_test_name, rms_o_n_test_name, enum_auto_big_o_n);
+
+// Add lambda tests
+ADD_COMPLEXITY_CASES(big_o_n_test_name, rms_o_n_test_name, lambda_big_o_n);
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------- Testing BigO O(N*lgN) ------------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+static void BM_Complexity_O_N_log_N(benchmark::State& state) {
+  auto v = ConstructRandomVector(state.range(0));
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    std::sort(v.begin(), v.end());
+  }
+  state.SetComplexityN(state.range(0));
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O_N_log_N)
+    ->RangeMultiplier(2)
+    ->Range(1 << 10, 1 << 16)
+    ->Complexity(benchmark::oNLogN);
+BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O_N_log_N)
+    ->RangeMultiplier(2)
+    ->Range(1 << 10, 1 << 16)
+    ->Complexity([](int n) { return n * log2(n); });
+BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O_N_log_N)
+    ->RangeMultiplier(2)
+    ->Range(1 << 10, 1 << 16)
+    ->Complexity();
+
+const char *big_o_n_lg_n_test_name = "BM_Complexity_O_N_log_N_BigO";
+const char *rms_o_n_lg_n_test_name = "BM_Complexity_O_N_log_N_RMS";
+const char *enum_auto_big_o_n_lg_n = "NlgN";
+const char *lambda_big_o_n_lg_n = "f\\(N\\)";
+
+// Add enum tests
+ADD_COMPLEXITY_CASES(big_o_n_lg_n_test_name, rms_o_n_lg_n_test_name,
+                     enum_auto_big_o_n_lg_n);
+
+// Add lambda tests
+ADD_COMPLEXITY_CASES(big_o_n_lg_n_test_name, rms_o_n_lg_n_test_name,
+                     lambda_big_o_n_lg_n);
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// --------------------------- TEST CASES END ------------------------------ //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { RunOutputTests(argc, argv); }
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/cxx03_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/cxx03_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a79d964e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/cxx03_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#undef NDEBUG
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#error C++11 or greater detected. Should be C++03.
+#endif
+
+void BM_empty(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    volatile std::size_t x = state.iterations();
+    ((void)x);
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_empty);
+
+// The new C++11 interface for args/ranges requires initializer list support.
+// Therefore we provide the old interface to support C++03.
+void BM_old_arg_range_interface(benchmark::State& state) {
+  assert((state.range(0) == 1 && state.range(1) == 2) ||
+         (state.range(0) == 5 && state.range(1) == 6));
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_old_arg_range_interface)->ArgPair(1, 2)->RangePair(5, 5, 6, 6);
+
+template <class T, class U>
+void BM_template2(benchmark::State& state) {
+  BM_empty(state);
+}
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE2(BM_template2, int, long);
+
+template <class T>
+void BM_template1(benchmark::State& state) {
+  BM_empty(state);
+}
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_template1, long);
+BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE1(BM_template1, int);
+
+void BM_counters(benchmark::State& state) {
+    BM_empty(state);
+    state.counters["Foo"] = 2;
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_counters);
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/diagnostics_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/diagnostics_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7aac8069e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/diagnostics_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Testing:
+//   State::PauseTiming()
+//   State::ResumeTiming()
+// Test that CHECK's within these function diagnose when they are called
+// outside of the KeepRunning() loop.
+//
+// NOTE: Users should NOT include or use src/check.h. This is only done in
+// order to test library internals.
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#include "../src/check.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+#define TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif
+
+void TestHandler() {
+#ifndef TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+  throw std::logic_error("");
+#else
+  std::abort();
+#endif
+}
+
+void try_invalid_pause_resume(benchmark::State& state) {
+#if !defined(TEST_BENCHMARK_LIBRARY_HAS_NO_ASSERTIONS) && !defined(TEST_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS)
+  try {
+    state.PauseTiming();
+    std::abort();
+  } catch (std::logic_error const&) {
+  }
+  try {
+    state.ResumeTiming();
+    std::abort();
+  } catch (std::logic_error const&) {
+  }
+#else
+  (void)state;  // avoid unused warning
+#endif
+}
+
+void BM_diagnostic_test(benchmark::State& state) {
+  static bool called_once = false;
+
+  if (called_once == false) try_invalid_pause_resume(state);
+
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(state.iterations());
+  }
+
+  if (called_once == false) try_invalid_pause_resume(state);
+
+  called_once = true;
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_diagnostic_test);
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+  benchmark::internal::GetAbortHandler() = &TestHandler;
+  benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);
+  benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks();
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/donotoptimize_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/donotoptimize_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a705654a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/donotoptimize_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace {
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+std::uint64_t double_up(const std::uint64_t x) __attribute__((const));
+#endif
+std::uint64_t double_up(const std::uint64_t x) { return x * 2; }
+}
+
+// Using DoNotOptimize on types like BitRef seem to cause a lot of problems
+// with the inline assembly on both GCC and Clang.
+struct BitRef {
+  int index;
+  unsigned char &byte;
+
+public:
+  static BitRef Make() {
+    static unsigned char arr[2] = {};
+    BitRef b(1, arr[0]);
+    return b;
+  }
+private:
+  BitRef(int i, unsigned char& b) : index(i), byte(b) {}
+};
+
+int main(int, char*[]) {
+  // this test verifies compilation of DoNotOptimize() for some types
+
+  char buffer8[8];
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer8);
+
+  char buffer20[20];
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer20);
+
+  char buffer1024[1024];
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer1024);
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(&buffer1024[0]);
+
+  int x = 123;
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x);
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(&x);
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x += 42);
+
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(double_up(x));
+
+  // These tests are to e
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(BitRef::Make());
+  BitRef lval = BitRef::Make();
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(lval);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/filter_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/filter_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a205295f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/filter_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <limits>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace {
+
+class TestReporter : public benchmark::ConsoleReporter {
+ public:
+  virtual bool ReportContext(const Context& context) {
+    return ConsoleReporter::ReportContext(context);
+  };
+
+  virtual void ReportRuns(const std::vector<Run>& report) {
+    ++count_;
+    ConsoleReporter::ReportRuns(report);
+  };
+
+  TestReporter() : count_(0) {}
+
+  virtual ~TestReporter() {}
+
+  size_t GetCount() const { return count_; }
+
+ private:
+  mutable size_t count_;
+};
+
+}  // end namespace
+
+static void NoPrefix(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(NoPrefix);
+
+static void BM_Foo(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Foo);
+
+static void BM_Bar(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Bar);
+
+static void BM_FooBar(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_FooBar);
+
+static void BM_FooBa(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_FooBa);
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  bool list_only = false;
+  for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
+    list_only |= std::string(argv[i]).find("--benchmark_list_tests") !=
+                 std::string::npos;
+
+  benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);
+
+  TestReporter test_reporter;
+  const size_t returned_count =
+      benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(&test_reporter);
+
+  if (argc == 2) {
+    // Make sure we ran all of the tests
+    std::stringstream ss(argv[1]);
+    size_t expected_return;
+    ss >> expected_return;
+
+    if (returned_count != expected_return) {
+      std::cerr << "ERROR: Expected " << expected_return
+                << " tests to match the filter but returned_count = "
+                << returned_count << std::endl;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    const size_t expected_reports = list_only ? 0 : expected_return;
+    const size_t reports_count = test_reporter.GetCount();
+    if (reports_count != expected_reports) {
+      std::cerr << "ERROR: Expected " << expected_reports
+                << " tests to be run but reported_count = " << reports_count
+                << std::endl;
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/fixture_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/fixture_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bbc2f9579
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/fixture_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <memory>
+
+class MyFixture : public ::benchmark::Fixture {
+ public:
+  void SetUp(const ::benchmark::State& state) {
+    if (state.thread_index == 0) {
+      assert(data.get() == nullptr);
+      data.reset(new int(42));
+    }
+  }
+
+  void TearDown(const ::benchmark::State& state) {
+    if (state.thread_index == 0) {
+      assert(data.get() != nullptr);
+      data.reset();
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~MyFixture() { assert(data == nullptr); }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<int> data;
+};
+
+BENCHMARK_F(MyFixture, Foo)(benchmark::State &st) {
+  assert(data.get() != nullptr);
+  assert(*data == 42);
+  while (st.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK_DEFINE_F(MyFixture, Bar)(benchmark::State& st) {
+  if (st.thread_index == 0) {
+    assert(data.get() != nullptr);
+    assert(*data == 42);
+  }
+  while (st.KeepRunning()) {
+    assert(data.get() != nullptr);
+    assert(*data == 42);
+  }
+  st.SetItemsProcessed(st.range(0));
+}
+BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(MyFixture, Bar)->Arg(42);
+BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(MyFixture, Bar)->Arg(42)->ThreadPerCpu();
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/map_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/map_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83457c998
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/map_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <map>
+
+namespace {
+
+std::map<int, int> ConstructRandomMap(int size) {
+  std::map<int, int> m;
+  for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+    m.insert(std::make_pair(rand() % size, rand() % size));
+  }
+  return m;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Basic version.
+static void BM_MapLookup(benchmark::State& state) {
+  const int size = state.range(0);
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    state.PauseTiming();
+    std::map<int, int> m = ConstructRandomMap(size);
+    state.ResumeTiming();
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(m.find(rand() % size));
+    }
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * size);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_MapLookup)->Range(1 << 3, 1 << 12);
+
+// Using fixtures.
+class MapFixture : public ::benchmark::Fixture {
+ public:
+  void SetUp(const ::benchmark::State& st) {
+    m = ConstructRandomMap(st.range(0));
+  }
+
+  void TearDown(const ::benchmark::State&) { m.clear(); }
+
+  std::map<int, int> m;
+};
+
+BENCHMARK_DEFINE_F(MapFixture, Lookup)(benchmark::State& state) {
+  const int size = state.range(0);
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(m.find(rand() % size));
+    }
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * size);
+}
+BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(MapFixture, Lookup)->Range(1 << 3, 1 << 12);
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/multiple_ranges_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/multiple_ranges_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e67b3b2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/multiple_ranges_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <set>
+
+class MultipleRangesFixture : public ::benchmark::Fixture {
+ public:
+  MultipleRangesFixture()
+      : expectedValues({{1, 3, 5},
+                        {1, 3, 8},
+                        {1, 3, 15},
+                        {2, 3, 5},
+                        {2, 3, 8},
+                        {2, 3, 15},
+                        {1, 4, 5},
+                        {1, 4, 8},
+                        {1, 4, 15},
+                        {2, 4, 5},
+                        {2, 4, 8},
+                        {2, 4, 15},
+                        {1, 7, 5},
+                        {1, 7, 8},
+                        {1, 7, 15},
+                        {2, 7, 5},
+                        {2, 7, 8},
+                        {2, 7, 15},
+                        {7, 6, 3}}) {}
+
+  void SetUp(const ::benchmark::State& state) {
+    std::vector<int> ranges = {state.range(0), state.range(1), state.range(2)};
+
+    assert(expectedValues.find(ranges) != expectedValues.end());
+
+    actualValues.insert(ranges);
+  }
+
+  virtual ~MultipleRangesFixture() {
+    assert(actualValues.size() == expectedValues.size());
+  }
+
+  std::set<std::vector<int>> expectedValues;
+  std::set<std::vector<int>> actualValues;
+};
+
+BENCHMARK_DEFINE_F(MultipleRangesFixture, Empty)(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    int product = state.range(0) * state.range(1) * state.range(2);
+    for (int x = 0; x < product; x++) {
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(x);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK_REGISTER_F(MultipleRangesFixture, Empty)
+    ->RangeMultiplier(2)
+    ->Ranges({{1, 2}, {3, 7}, {5, 15}})
+    ->Args({7, 6, 3});
+
+void BM_CheckDefaultArgument(benchmark::State& state) {
+  // Test that the 'range()' without an argument is the same as 'range(0)'.
+  assert(state.range() == state.range(0));
+  assert(state.range() != state.range(1));
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_CheckDefaultArgument)->Ranges({{1, 5}, {6, 10}});
+
+static void BM_MultipleRanges(benchmark::State& st) {
+  while (st.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_MultipleRanges)->Ranges({{5, 5}, {6, 6}});
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/options_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/options_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8eac068b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/options_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+
+#if defined(NDEBUG)
+#undef NDEBUG
+#endif
+#include <cassert>
+
+void BM_basic(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+
+void BM_basic_slow(benchmark::State& state) {
+  std::chrono::milliseconds sleep_duration(state.range(0));
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(
+        std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(sleep_duration));
+  }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic);
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic)->Arg(42);
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic_slow)->Arg(10)->Unit(benchmark::kNanosecond);
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic_slow)->Arg(100)->Unit(benchmark::kMicrosecond);
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic_slow)->Arg(1000)->Unit(benchmark::kMillisecond);
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic)->Range(1, 8);
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic)->RangeMultiplier(2)->Range(1, 8);
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic)->DenseRange(10, 15);
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic)->Args({42, 42});
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic)->Ranges({{64, 512}, {64, 512}});
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic)->MinTime(0.7);
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic)->UseRealTime();
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic)->ThreadRange(2, 4);
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic)->ThreadPerCpu();
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic)->Repetitions(3);
+
+void CustomArgs(benchmark::internal::Benchmark* b) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    b->Arg(i);
+  }
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic)->Apply(CustomArgs);
+
+void BM_explicit_iteration_count(benchmark::State& st) {
+  // Test that benchmarks specified with an explicit iteration count are
+  // only run once.
+  static bool invoked_before = false;
+  assert(!invoked_before);
+  invoked_before = true;
+
+  // Test that the requested iteration count is respected.
+  assert(st.max_iterations == 42);
+  size_t actual_iterations = 0;
+  while (st.KeepRunning())
+    ++actual_iterations;
+  assert(st.iterations() == st.max_iterations);
+  assert(st.iterations() == 42);
+
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_explicit_iteration_count)->Iterations(42);
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/output_test.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/output_test.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..897a13866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/output_test.h
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+#ifndef TEST_OUTPUT_TEST_H
+#define TEST_OUTPUT_TEST_H
+
+#undef NDEBUG
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include <functional>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include "../src/re.h"
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+#define CONCAT2(x, y) x##y
+#define CONCAT(x, y) CONCAT2(x, y)
+
+#define ADD_CASES(...) int CONCAT(dummy, __LINE__) = ::AddCases(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define SET_SUBSTITUTIONS(...) \
+  int CONCAT(dummy, __LINE__) = ::SetSubstitutions(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+enum MatchRules {
+  MR_Default,  // Skip non-matching lines until a match is found.
+  MR_Next,     // Match must occur on the next line.
+  MR_Not  // No line between the current position and the next match matches
+          // the regex
+};
+
+struct TestCase {
+  TestCase(std::string re, int rule = MR_Default);
+
+  std::string regex_str;
+  int match_rule;
+  std::string substituted_regex;
+  std::shared_ptr<benchmark::Regex> regex;
+};
+
+enum TestCaseID {
+  TC_ConsoleOut,
+  TC_ConsoleErr,
+  TC_JSONOut,
+  TC_JSONErr,
+  TC_CSVOut,
+  TC_CSVErr,
+
+  TC_NumID  // PRIVATE
+};
+
+// Add a list of test cases to be run against the output specified by
+// 'ID'
+int AddCases(TestCaseID ID, std::initializer_list<TestCase> il);
+
+// Add or set a list of substitutions to be performed on constructed regex's
+// See 'output_test_helper.cc' for a list of default substitutions.
+int SetSubstitutions(
+    std::initializer_list<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> il);
+
+// Run all output tests.
+void RunOutputTests(int argc, char* argv[]);
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------- Results checking ------------------------------ //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+// Call this macro to register a benchmark for checking its results. This
+// should be all that's needed. It subscribes a function to check the (CSV)
+// results of a benchmark. This is done only after verifying that the output
+// strings are really as expected.
+// bm_name_pattern: a name or a regex pattern which will be matched against
+//                  all the benchmark names. Matching benchmarks
+//                  will be the subject of a call to checker_function
+// checker_function: should be of type ResultsCheckFn (see below)
+#define CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS(bm_name_pattern, checker_function) \
+    size_t CONCAT(dummy, __LINE__) = AddChecker(bm_name_pattern, checker_function)
+
+struct Results;
+typedef std::function< void(Results const&) > ResultsCheckFn;
+
+size_t AddChecker(const char* bm_name_pattern, ResultsCheckFn fn);
+
+// Class holding the results of a benchmark.
+// It is passed in calls to checker functions.
+struct Results {
+
+  // the benchmark name
+  std::string name;
+  // the benchmark fields
+  std::map< std::string, std::string > values;
+
+  Results(const std::string& n) : name(n) {}
+
+  int NumThreads() const;
+
+  typedef enum { kCpuTime, kRealTime } BenchmarkTime;
+
+  // get cpu_time or real_time in seconds
+  double GetTime(BenchmarkTime which) const;
+
+  // get the real_time duration of the benchmark in seconds.
+  // it is better to use fuzzy float checks for this, as the float
+  // ASCII formatting is lossy.
+  double DurationRealTime() const {
+    return GetAs< double >("iterations") * GetTime(kRealTime);
+  }
+  // get the cpu_time duration of the benchmark in seconds
+  double DurationCPUTime() const {
+    return GetAs< double >("iterations") * GetTime(kCpuTime);
+  }
+
+  // get the string for a result by name, or nullptr if the name
+  // is not found
+  const std::string* Get(const char* entry_name) const {
+    auto it = values.find(entry_name);
+    if(it == values.end()) return nullptr;
+    return &it->second;
+  }
+
+  // get a result by name, parsed as a specific type.
+  // NOTE: for counters, use GetCounterAs instead.
+  template <class T>
+  T GetAs(const char* entry_name) const;
+
+  // counters are written as doubles, so they have to be read first
+  // as a double, and only then converted to the asked type.
+  template <class T>
+  T GetCounterAs(const char* entry_name) const {
+    double dval = GetAs< double >(entry_name);
+    T tval = static_cast< T >(dval);
+    return tval;
+  }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+T Results::GetAs(const char* entry_name) const {
+  auto *sv = Get(entry_name);
+  CHECK(sv != nullptr && !sv->empty());
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << *sv;
+  T out;
+  ss >> out;
+  CHECK(!ss.fail());
+  return out;
+}
+
+//----------------------------------
+// Macros to help in result checking. Do not use them with arguments causing
+// side-effects.
+
+#define _CHECK_RESULT_VALUE(entry, getfn, var_type, var_name, relationship, value) \
+    CONCAT(CHECK_, relationship)                                        \
+    (entry.getfn< var_type >(var_name), (value)) << "\n"                \
+    << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": " << (entry).name << ":\n"     \
+    << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": "                              \
+    << "expected (" << #var_type << ")" << (var_name)                   \
+    << "=" << (entry).getfn< var_type >(var_name)                       \
+    << " to be " #relationship " to " << (value) << "\n"
+
+// check with tolerance. eps_factor is the tolerance window, which is
+// interpreted relative to value (eg, 0.1 means 10% of value).
+#define _CHECK_FLOAT_RESULT_VALUE(entry, getfn, var_type, var_name, relationship, value, eps_factor) \
+    CONCAT(CHECK_FLOAT_, relationship)                                  \
+    (entry.getfn< var_type >(var_name), (value), (eps_factor) * (value)) << "\n" \
+    << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": " << (entry).name << ":\n"     \
+    << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": "                              \
+    << "expected (" << #var_type << ")" << (var_name)                   \
+    << "=" << (entry).getfn< var_type >(var_name)                       \
+    << " to be " #relationship " to " << (value) << "\n"                \
+    << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ": "                              \
+    << "with tolerance of " << (eps_factor) * (value)                   \
+    << " (" << (eps_factor)*100. << "%), "                              \
+    << "but delta was " << ((entry).getfn< var_type >(var_name) - (value)) \
+    << " (" << (((entry).getfn< var_type >(var_name) - (value))         \
+               /                                                        \
+               ((value) > 1.e-5 || value < -1.e-5 ? value : 1.e-5)*100.) \
+    << "%)"
+
+#define CHECK_RESULT_VALUE(entry, var_type, var_name, relationship, value) \
+    _CHECK_RESULT_VALUE(entry, GetAs, var_type, var_name, relationship, value)
+
+#define CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(entry, var_type, var_name, relationship, value) \
+    _CHECK_RESULT_VALUE(entry, GetCounterAs, var_type, var_name, relationship, value)
+
+#define CHECK_FLOAT_RESULT_VALUE(entry, var_name, relationship, value, eps_factor) \
+    _CHECK_FLOAT_RESULT_VALUE(entry, GetAs, double, var_name, relationship, value, eps_factor)
+
+#define CHECK_FLOAT_COUNTER_VALUE(entry, var_name, relationship, value, eps_factor) \
+    _CHECK_FLOAT_RESULT_VALUE(entry, GetCounterAs, double, var_name, relationship, value, eps_factor)
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// --------------------------- Misc Utilities ------------------------------ //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+namespace {
+
+const char* const dec_re = "[0-9]*[.]?[0-9]+([eE][-+][0-9]+)?";
+
+}  //  end namespace
+
+#endif  // TEST_OUTPUT_TEST_H
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/output_test_helper.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/output_test_helper.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24746f6d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/output_test_helper.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "../src/check.h"  // NOTE: check.h is for internal use only!
+#include "../src/re.h"     // NOTE: re.h is for internal use only
+#include "output_test.h"
+#include "../src/benchmark_api_internal.h"
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------------ Internals -------------------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+namespace internal {
+namespace {
+
+using TestCaseList = std::vector<TestCase>;
+
+// Use a vector because the order elements are added matters during iteration.
+// std::map/unordered_map don't guarantee that.
+// For example:
+//  SetSubstitutions({{"%HelloWorld", "Hello"}, {"%Hello", "Hi"}});
+//     Substitute("%HelloWorld") // Always expands to Hello.
+using SubMap = std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>;
+
+TestCaseList& GetTestCaseList(TestCaseID ID) {
+  // Uses function-local statics to ensure initialization occurs
+  // before first use.
+  static TestCaseList lists[TC_NumID];
+  return lists[ID];
+}
+
+SubMap& GetSubstitutions() {
+  // Don't use 'dec_re' from header because it may not yet be initialized.
+  static std::string safe_dec_re = "[0-9]*[.]?[0-9]+([eE][-+][0-9]+)?";
+  static SubMap map = {
+      {"%float", "[0-9]*[.]?[0-9]+([eE][-+][0-9]+)?"},
+      // human-readable float
+      {"%hrfloat", "[0-9]*[.]?[0-9]+([eE][-+][0-9]+)?[kMGTPEZYmunpfazy]?"},
+      {"%int", "[ ]*[0-9]+"},
+      {" %s ", "[ ]+"},
+      {"%time", "[ ]*[0-9]{1,5} ns"},
+      {"%console_report", "[ ]*[0-9]{1,5} ns [ ]*[0-9]{1,5} ns [ ]*[0-9]+"},
+      {"%console_us_report", "[ ]*[0-9] us [ ]*[0-9] us [ ]*[0-9]+"},
+      {"%csv_header",
+       "name,iterations,real_time,cpu_time,time_unit,bytes_per_second,"
+       "items_per_second,label,error_occurred,error_message"},
+      {"%csv_report", "[0-9]+," + safe_dec_re + "," + safe_dec_re + ",ns,,,,,"},
+      {"%csv_us_report", "[0-9]+," + safe_dec_re + "," + safe_dec_re + ",us,,,,,"},
+      {"%csv_bytes_report",
+       "[0-9]+," + safe_dec_re + "," + safe_dec_re + ",ns," + safe_dec_re + ",,,,"},
+      {"%csv_items_report",
+       "[0-9]+," + safe_dec_re + "," + safe_dec_re + ",ns,," + safe_dec_re + ",,,"},
+      {"%csv_bytes_items_report",
+       "[0-9]+," + safe_dec_re + "," + safe_dec_re + ",ns," + safe_dec_re +
+       "," + safe_dec_re + ",,,"},
+      {"%csv_label_report_begin", "[0-9]+," + safe_dec_re + "," + safe_dec_re + ",ns,,,"},
+      {"%csv_label_report_end", ",,"}};
+  return map;
+}
+
+std::string PerformSubstitutions(std::string source) {
+  SubMap const& subs = GetSubstitutions();
+  using SizeT = std::string::size_type;
+  for (auto const& KV : subs) {
+    SizeT pos;
+    SizeT next_start = 0;
+    while ((pos = source.find(KV.first, next_start)) != std::string::npos) {
+      next_start = pos + KV.second.size();
+      source.replace(pos, KV.first.size(), KV.second);
+    }
+  }
+  return source;
+}
+
+void CheckCase(std::stringstream& remaining_output, TestCase const& TC,
+               TestCaseList const& not_checks) {
+  std::string first_line;
+  bool on_first = true;
+  std::string line;
+  while (remaining_output.eof() == false) {
+    CHECK(remaining_output.good());
+    std::getline(remaining_output, line);
+    if (on_first) {
+      first_line = line;
+      on_first = false;
+    }
+    for (const auto& NC : not_checks) {
+      CHECK(!NC.regex->Match(line))
+          << "Unexpected match for line \"" << line << "\" for MR_Not regex \""
+          << NC.regex_str << "\""
+          << "\n    actual regex string \"" << TC.substituted_regex << "\""
+          << "\n    started matching near: " << first_line;
+    }
+    if (TC.regex->Match(line)) return;
+    CHECK(TC.match_rule != MR_Next)
+        << "Expected line \"" << line << "\" to match regex \"" << TC.regex_str
+        << "\""
+        << "\n    actual regex string \"" << TC.substituted_regex << "\""
+        << "\n    started matching near: " << first_line;
+  }
+  CHECK(remaining_output.eof() == false)
+      << "End of output reached before match for regex \"" << TC.regex_str
+      << "\" was found"
+      << "\n    actual regex string \"" << TC.substituted_regex << "\""
+      << "\n    started matching near: " << first_line;
+}
+
+void CheckCases(TestCaseList const& checks, std::stringstream& output) {
+  std::vector<TestCase> not_checks;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < checks.size(); ++i) {
+    const auto& TC = checks[i];
+    if (TC.match_rule == MR_Not) {
+      not_checks.push_back(TC);
+      continue;
+    }
+    CheckCase(output, TC, not_checks);
+    not_checks.clear();
+  }
+}
+
+class TestReporter : public benchmark::BenchmarkReporter {
+ public:
+  TestReporter(std::vector<benchmark::BenchmarkReporter*> reps)
+      : reporters_(reps) {}
+
+  virtual bool ReportContext(const Context& context) {
+    bool last_ret = false;
+    bool first = true;
+    for (auto rep : reporters_) {
+      bool new_ret = rep->ReportContext(context);
+      CHECK(first || new_ret == last_ret)
+          << "Reports return different values for ReportContext";
+      first = false;
+      last_ret = new_ret;
+    }
+    (void)first;
+    return last_ret;
+  }
+
+  void ReportRuns(const std::vector<Run>& report) {
+    for (auto rep : reporters_) rep->ReportRuns(report);
+  }
+  void Finalize() {
+    for (auto rep : reporters_) rep->Finalize();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<benchmark::BenchmarkReporter *> reporters_;
+};
+}
+
+}  // end namespace internal
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// -------------------------- Results checking ----------------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Utility class to manage subscribers for checking benchmark results.
+// It works by parsing the CSV output to read the results.
+class ResultsChecker {
+ public:
+
+  struct PatternAndFn : public TestCase { // reusing TestCase for its regexes
+    PatternAndFn(const std::string& rx, ResultsCheckFn fn_)
+    : TestCase(rx), fn(fn_) {}
+    ResultsCheckFn fn;
+  };
+
+  std::vector< PatternAndFn > check_patterns;
+  std::vector< Results > results;
+  std::vector< std::string > field_names;
+
+  void Add(const std::string& entry_pattern, ResultsCheckFn fn);
+
+  void CheckResults(std::stringstream& output);
+
+ private:
+
+  void SetHeader_(const std::string& csv_header);
+  void SetValues_(const std::string& entry_csv_line);
+
+  std::vector< std::string > SplitCsv_(const std::string& line);
+
+};
+
+// store the static ResultsChecker in a function to prevent initialization
+// order problems
+ResultsChecker& GetResultsChecker() {
+  static ResultsChecker rc;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+// add a results checker for a benchmark
+void ResultsChecker::Add(const std::string& entry_pattern, ResultsCheckFn fn) {
+  check_patterns.emplace_back(entry_pattern, fn);
+}
+
+// check the results of all subscribed benchmarks
+void ResultsChecker::CheckResults(std::stringstream& output) {
+  // first reset the stream to the start
+  {
+    auto start = std::ios::streampos(0);
+    // clear before calling tellg()
+    output.clear();
+    // seek to zero only when needed
+    if(output.tellg() > start) output.seekg(start);
+    // and just in case
+    output.clear();
+  }
+  // now go over every line and publish it to the ResultsChecker
+  std::string line;
+  bool on_first = true;
+  while (output.eof() == false) {
+    CHECK(output.good());
+    std::getline(output, line);
+    if (on_first) {
+      SetHeader_(line); // this is important
+      on_first = false;
+      continue;
+    }
+    SetValues_(line);
+  }
+  // finally we can call the subscribed check functions
+  for(const auto& p : check_patterns) {
+    VLOG(2) << "--------------------------------\n";
+    VLOG(2) << "checking for benchmarks matching " << p.regex_str << "...\n";
+    for(const auto& r : results) {
+      if(!p.regex->Match(r.name)) {
+        VLOG(2) << p.regex_str << " is not matched by " << r.name << "\n";
+        continue;
+      } else {
+        VLOG(2) << p.regex_str << " is matched by " << r.name << "\n";
+      }
+      VLOG(1) << "Checking results of " << r.name << ": ... \n";
+      p.fn(r);
+      VLOG(1) << "Checking results of " << r.name << ": OK.\n";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// prepare for the names in this header
+void ResultsChecker::SetHeader_(const std::string& csv_header) {
+  field_names = SplitCsv_(csv_header);
+}
+
+// set the values for a benchmark
+void ResultsChecker::SetValues_(const std::string& entry_csv_line) {
+  if(entry_csv_line.empty()) return; // some lines are empty
+  CHECK(!field_names.empty());
+  auto vals = SplitCsv_(entry_csv_line);
+  CHECK_EQ(vals.size(), field_names.size());
+  results.emplace_back(vals[0]); // vals[0] is the benchmark name
+  auto &entry = results.back();
+  for (size_t i = 1, e = vals.size(); i < e; ++i) {
+    entry.values[field_names[i]] = vals[i];
+  }
+}
+
+// a quick'n'dirty csv splitter (eliminating quotes)
+std::vector< std::string > ResultsChecker::SplitCsv_(const std::string& line) {
+  std::vector< std::string > out;
+  if(line.empty()) return out;
+  if(!field_names.empty()) out.reserve(field_names.size());
+  size_t prev = 0, pos = line.find_first_of(','), curr = pos;
+  while(pos != line.npos) {
+    CHECK(curr > 0);
+    if(line[prev] == '"') ++prev;
+    if(line[curr-1] == '"') --curr;
+    out.push_back(line.substr(prev, curr-prev));
+    prev = pos + 1;
+    pos = line.find_first_of(',', pos + 1);
+    curr = pos;
+  }
+  curr = line.size();
+  if(line[prev] == '"') ++prev;
+  if(line[curr-1] == '"') --curr;
+  out.push_back(line.substr(prev, curr-prev));
+  return out;
+}
+
+}  // end namespace internal
+
+size_t AddChecker(const char* bm_name, ResultsCheckFn fn)
+{
+  auto &rc = internal::GetResultsChecker();
+  rc.Add(bm_name, fn);
+  return rc.results.size();
+}
+
+int Results::NumThreads() const {
+  auto pos = name.find("/threads:");
+  if(pos == name.npos) return 1;
+  auto end = name.find('/', pos + 9);
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << name.substr(pos + 9, end);
+  int num = 1;
+  ss >> num;
+  CHECK(!ss.fail());
+  return num;
+}
+
+double Results::GetTime(BenchmarkTime which) const {
+  CHECK(which == kCpuTime || which == kRealTime);
+  const char *which_str = which == kCpuTime ? "cpu_time" : "real_time";
+  double val = GetAs< double >(which_str);
+  auto unit = Get("time_unit");
+  CHECK(unit);
+  if(*unit == "ns") {
+    return val * 1.e-9;
+  } else if(*unit == "us") {
+    return val * 1.e-6;
+  } else if(*unit == "ms") {
+    return val * 1.e-3;
+  } else if(*unit == "s") {
+    return val;
+  } else {
+    CHECK(1 == 0) << "unknown time unit: " << *unit;
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// -------------------------- Public API Definitions------------------------ //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+TestCase::TestCase(std::string re, int rule)
+    : regex_str(std::move(re)),
+      match_rule(rule),
+      substituted_regex(internal::PerformSubstitutions(regex_str)),
+      regex(std::make_shared<benchmark::Regex>()) {
+  std::string err_str;
+  regex->Init(substituted_regex,& err_str);
+  CHECK(err_str.empty()) << "Could not construct regex \"" << substituted_regex
+                         << "\""
+                         << "\n    originally \"" << regex_str << "\""
+                         << "\n    got error: " << err_str;
+}
+
+int AddCases(TestCaseID ID, std::initializer_list<TestCase> il) {
+  auto& L = internal::GetTestCaseList(ID);
+  L.insert(L.end(), il);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int SetSubstitutions(
+    std::initializer_list<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> il) {
+  auto& subs = internal::GetSubstitutions();
+  for (auto KV : il) {
+    bool exists = false;
+    KV.second = internal::PerformSubstitutions(KV.second);
+    for (auto& EKV : subs) {
+      if (EKV.first == KV.first) {
+        EKV.second = std::move(KV.second);
+        exists = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!exists) subs.push_back(std::move(KV));
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void RunOutputTests(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+  using internal::GetTestCaseList;
+  benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);
+  auto options = benchmark::internal::GetOutputOptions(/*force_no_color*/true);
+  benchmark::ConsoleReporter CR(options);
+  benchmark::JSONReporter JR;
+  benchmark::CSVReporter CSVR;
+  struct ReporterTest {
+    const char* name;
+    std::vector<TestCase>& output_cases;
+    std::vector<TestCase>& error_cases;
+    benchmark::BenchmarkReporter& reporter;
+    std::stringstream out_stream;
+    std::stringstream err_stream;
+
+    ReporterTest(const char* n, std::vector<TestCase>& out_tc,
+                 std::vector<TestCase>& err_tc,
+                 benchmark::BenchmarkReporter& br)
+        : name(n), output_cases(out_tc), error_cases(err_tc), reporter(br) {
+      reporter.SetOutputStream(&out_stream);
+      reporter.SetErrorStream(&err_stream);
+    }
+  } TestCases[] = {
+      {"ConsoleReporter", GetTestCaseList(TC_ConsoleOut),
+       GetTestCaseList(TC_ConsoleErr), CR},
+      {"JSONReporter", GetTestCaseList(TC_JSONOut), GetTestCaseList(TC_JSONErr),
+       JR},
+      {"CSVReporter", GetTestCaseList(TC_CSVOut), GetTestCaseList(TC_CSVErr),
+       CSVR},
+  };
+
+  // Create the test reporter and run the benchmarks.
+  std::cout << "Running benchmarks...\n";
+  internal::TestReporter test_rep({&CR, &JR, &CSVR});
+  benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(&test_rep);
+
+  for (auto& rep_test : TestCases) {
+    std::string msg = std::string("\nTesting ") + rep_test.name + " Output\n";
+    std::string banner(msg.size() - 1, '-');
+    std::cout << banner << msg << banner << "\n";
+
+    std::cerr << rep_test.err_stream.str();
+    std::cout << rep_test.out_stream.str();
+
+    internal::CheckCases(rep_test.error_cases, rep_test.err_stream);
+    internal::CheckCases(rep_test.output_cases, rep_test.out_stream);
+
+    std::cout << "\n";
+  }
+
+  // now that we know the output is as expected, we can dispatch
+  // the checks to subscribees.
+  auto &csv = TestCases[2];
+  // would use == but gcc spits a warning
+  CHECK(std::strcmp(csv.name, "CSVReporter") == 0);
+  internal::GetResultsChecker().CheckResults(csv.out_stream);
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/register_benchmark_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/register_benchmark_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2769b7a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/register_benchmark_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+
+#undef NDEBUG
+#include <cassert>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "../src/check.h"  // NOTE: check.h is for internal use only!
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+class TestReporter : public benchmark::ConsoleReporter {
+ public:
+  virtual void ReportRuns(const std::vector<Run>& report) {
+    all_runs_.insert(all_runs_.end(), begin(report), end(report));
+    ConsoleReporter::ReportRuns(report);
+  }
+
+  std::vector<Run> all_runs_;
+};
+
+struct TestCase {
+  std::string name;
+  const char* label;
+  // Note: not explicit as we rely on it being converted through ADD_CASES.
+  TestCase(const char* xname) : TestCase(xname, nullptr) {}
+  TestCase(const char* xname, const char* xlabel)
+      : name(xname), label(xlabel) {}
+
+  typedef benchmark::BenchmarkReporter::Run Run;
+
+  void CheckRun(Run const& run) const {
+    CHECK(name == run.benchmark_name) << "expected " << name << " got "
+                                      << run.benchmark_name;
+    if (label) {
+      CHECK(run.report_label == label) << "expected " << label << " got "
+                                       << run.report_label;
+    } else {
+      CHECK(run.report_label == "");
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+std::vector<TestCase> ExpectedResults;
+
+int AddCases(std::initializer_list<TestCase> const& v) {
+  for (auto N : v) {
+    ExpectedResults.push_back(N);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#define CONCAT(x, y) CONCAT2(x, y)
+#define CONCAT2(x, y) x##y
+#define ADD_CASES(...) int CONCAT(dummy, __LINE__) = AddCases({__VA_ARGS__})
+
+}  // end namespace
+
+typedef benchmark::internal::Benchmark* ReturnVal;
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
+// Test RegisterBenchmark with no additional arguments
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
+void BM_function(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_function);
+ReturnVal dummy = benchmark::RegisterBenchmark(
+    "BM_function_manual_registration", BM_function);
+ADD_CASES({"BM_function"}, {"BM_function_manual_registration"});
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
+// Test RegisterBenchmark with additional arguments
+// Note: GCC <= 4.8 do not support this form of RegisterBenchmark because they
+//       reject the variadic pack expansion of lambda captures.
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_VARIADIC_REGISTER_BENCHMARK
+
+void BM_extra_args(benchmark::State& st, const char* label) {
+  while (st.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  st.SetLabel(label);
+}
+int RegisterFromFunction() {
+  std::pair<const char*, const char*> cases[] = {
+      {"test1", "One"}, {"test2", "Two"}, {"test3", "Three"}};
+  for (auto const& c : cases)
+    benchmark::RegisterBenchmark(c.first, &BM_extra_args, c.second);
+  return 0;
+}
+int dummy2 = RegisterFromFunction();
+ADD_CASES({"test1", "One"}, {"test2", "Two"}, {"test3", "Three"});
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_VARIADIC_REGISTER_BENCHMARK
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
+// Test RegisterBenchmark with different callable types
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
+
+struct CustomFixture {
+  void operator()(benchmark::State& st) {
+    while (st.KeepRunning()) {
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+void TestRegistrationAtRuntime() {
+#ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_CXX11
+  {
+    CustomFixture fx;
+    benchmark::RegisterBenchmark("custom_fixture", fx);
+    AddCases({"custom_fixture"});
+  }
+#endif
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_VARIADIC_REGISTER_BENCHMARK
+  {
+    const char* x = "42";
+    auto capturing_lam = [=](benchmark::State& st) {
+      while (st.KeepRunning()) {
+      }
+      st.SetLabel(x);
+    };
+    benchmark::RegisterBenchmark("lambda_benchmark", capturing_lam);
+    AddCases({{"lambda_benchmark", x}});
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+// Test that all benchmarks, registered at either during static init or runtime,
+// are run and the results are passed to the reported.
+void RunTestOne() {
+  TestRegistrationAtRuntime();
+
+  TestReporter test_reporter;
+  benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(&test_reporter);
+
+  typedef benchmark::BenchmarkReporter::Run Run;
+  auto EB = ExpectedResults.begin();
+
+  for (Run const& run : test_reporter.all_runs_) {
+    assert(EB != ExpectedResults.end());
+    EB->CheckRun(run);
+    ++EB;
+  }
+  assert(EB == ExpectedResults.end());
+}
+
+// Test that ClearRegisteredBenchmarks() clears all previously registered
+// benchmarks.
+// Also test that new benchmarks can be registered and ran afterwards.
+void RunTestTwo() {
+  assert(ExpectedResults.size() != 0 &&
+         "must have at least one registered benchmark");
+  ExpectedResults.clear();
+  benchmark::ClearRegisteredBenchmarks();
+
+  TestReporter test_reporter;
+  size_t num_ran = benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(&test_reporter);
+  assert(num_ran == 0);
+  assert(test_reporter.all_runs_.begin() == test_reporter.all_runs_.end());
+
+  TestRegistrationAtRuntime();
+  num_ran = benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(&test_reporter);
+  assert(num_ran == ExpectedResults.size());
+
+  typedef benchmark::BenchmarkReporter::Run Run;
+  auto EB = ExpectedResults.begin();
+
+  for (Run const& run : test_reporter.all_runs_) {
+    assert(EB != ExpectedResults.end());
+    EB->CheckRun(run);
+    ++EB;
+  }
+  assert(EB == ExpectedResults.end());
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+  benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);
+
+  RunTestOne();
+  RunTestTwo();
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/reporter_output_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/reporter_output_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a4814334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/reporter_output_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+
+#undef NDEBUG
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "output_test.h"
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ---------------------- Testing Prologue Output -------------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut,
+          {{"^[-]+$", MR_Next},
+           {"^Benchmark %s Time %s CPU %s Iterations$", MR_Next},
+           {"^[-]+$", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"%csv_header"}});
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------ Testing Basic Output --------------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_basic(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_basic);
+
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_basic %console_report$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_basic\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\"$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_basic\",%csv_report$"}});
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------ Testing Bytes per Second Output ---------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_bytes_per_second(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  state.SetBytesProcessed(1);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_bytes_per_second);
+
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut,
+          {{"^BM_bytes_per_second %console_report +%floatB/s$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_bytes_per_second\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"bytes_per_second\": %int$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_bytes_per_second\",%csv_bytes_report$"}});
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------ Testing Items per Second Output ---------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_items_per_second(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(1);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_items_per_second);
+
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut,
+          {{"^BM_items_per_second %console_report +%float items/s$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_items_per_second\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"items_per_second\": %int$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_items_per_second\",%csv_items_report$"}});
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------ Testing Label Output --------------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_label(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  state.SetLabel("some label");
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_label);
+
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_label %console_report some label$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_label\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"label\": \"some label\"$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_label\",%csv_label_report_begin\"some "
+                       "label\"%csv_label_report_end$"}});
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------ Testing Error Output --------------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_error(benchmark::State& state) {
+  state.SkipWithError("message");
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_error);
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_error[ ]+ERROR OCCURRED: 'message'$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_error\",$"},
+                       {"\"error_occurred\": true,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"error_message\": \"message\",$", MR_Next}});
+
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_error\",,,,,,,,true,\"message\"$"}});
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------ Testing No Arg Name Output -----------------------
+// //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_no_arg_name(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_no_arg_name)->Arg(3);
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_no_arg_name/3 %console_report$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_no_arg_name/3\",$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_no_arg_name/3\",%csv_report$"}});
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------ Testing Arg Name Output ----------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_arg_name(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_arg_name)->ArgName("first")->Arg(3);
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_arg_name/first:3 %console_report$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_arg_name/first:3\",$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_arg_name/first:3\",%csv_report$"}});
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------ Testing Arg Names Output ----------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_arg_names(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_arg_names)->Args({2, 5, 4})->ArgNames({"first", "", "third"});
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut,
+          {{"^BM_arg_names/first:2/5/third:4 %console_report$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_arg_names/first:2/5/third:4\",$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_arg_names/first:2/5/third:4\",%csv_report$"}});
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ----------------------- Testing Complexity Output ----------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_Complexity_O1(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  state.SetComplexityN(state.range(0));
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Complexity_O1)->Range(1, 1 << 18)->Complexity(benchmark::o1);
+SET_SUBSTITUTIONS({{"%bigOStr", "[ ]* %float \\([0-9]+\\)"},
+                   {"%RMS", "[ ]*[0-9]+ %"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Complexity_O1_BigO %bigOStr %bigOStr[ ]*$"},
+                          {"^BM_Complexity_O1_RMS %RMS %RMS[ ]*$"}});
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ----------------------- Testing Aggregate Output ------------------------ //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+// Test that non-aggregate data is printed by default
+void BM_Repeat(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Repeat)->Repetitions(3);
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Repeat/repeats:3 %console_report$"},
+                          {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:3 %console_report$"},
+                          {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:3 %console_report$"},
+                          {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:3_mean %console_report$"},
+                          {"^BM_Repeat/repeats:3_stddev %console_report$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:3\",$"},
+                       {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:3\",$"},
+                       {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:3\",$"},
+                       {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:3_mean\",$"},
+                       {"\"name\": \"BM_Repeat/repeats:3_stddev\",$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:3\",%csv_report$"},
+                      {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:3\",%csv_report$"},
+                      {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:3\",%csv_report$"},
+                      {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:3_mean\",%csv_report$"},
+                      {"^\"BM_Repeat/repeats:3_stddev\",%csv_report$"}});
+
+// Test that a non-repeated test still prints non-aggregate results even when
+// only-aggregate reports have been requested
+void BM_RepeatOnce(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_RepeatOnce)->Repetitions(1)->ReportAggregatesOnly();
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_RepeatOnce/repeats:1 %console_report$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_RepeatOnce/repeats:1\",$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_RepeatOnce/repeats:1\",%csv_report$"}});
+
+// Test that non-aggregate data is not reported
+void BM_SummaryRepeat(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_SummaryRepeat)->Repetitions(3)->ReportAggregatesOnly();
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut,
+          {{".*BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3 ", MR_Not},
+           {"^BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_mean %console_report$"},
+           {"^BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_stddev %console_report$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{".*BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3 ", MR_Not},
+                       {"\"name\": \"BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_mean\",$"},
+                       {"\"name\": \"BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_stddev\",$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{".*BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3 ", MR_Not},
+                      {"^\"BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_mean\",%csv_report$"},
+                      {"^\"BM_SummaryRepeat/repeats:3_stddev\",%csv_report$"}});
+
+void BM_RepeatTimeUnit(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_RepeatTimeUnit)
+    ->Repetitions(3)
+    ->ReportAggregatesOnly()
+    ->Unit(benchmark::kMicrosecond);
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut,
+          {{".*BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3 ", MR_Not},
+           {"^BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_mean %console_us_report$"},
+           {"^BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_stddev %console_us_report$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{".*BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3 ", MR_Not},
+                       {"\"name\": \"BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_mean\",$"},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"us\",?$"},
+                       {"\"name\": \"BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_stddev\",$"},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"us\",?$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut,
+          {{".*BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3 ", MR_Not},
+           {"^\"BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_mean\",%csv_us_report$"},
+           {"^\"BM_RepeatTimeUnit/repeats:3_stddev\",%csv_us_report$"}});
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// --------------------------- TEST CASES END ------------------------------ //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { RunOutputTests(argc, argv); }
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/skip_with_error_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/skip_with_error_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b74d33c58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/skip_with_error_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+
+#undef NDEBUG
+#include <cassert>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "../src/check.h"  // NOTE: check.h is for internal use only!
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+class TestReporter : public benchmark::ConsoleReporter {
+ public:
+  virtual bool ReportContext(const Context& context) {
+    return ConsoleReporter::ReportContext(context);
+  };
+
+  virtual void ReportRuns(const std::vector<Run>& report) {
+    all_runs_.insert(all_runs_.end(), begin(report), end(report));
+    ConsoleReporter::ReportRuns(report);
+  }
+
+  TestReporter() {}
+  virtual ~TestReporter() {}
+
+  mutable std::vector<Run> all_runs_;
+};
+
+struct TestCase {
+  std::string name;
+  bool error_occurred;
+  std::string error_message;
+
+  typedef benchmark::BenchmarkReporter::Run Run;
+
+  void CheckRun(Run const& run) const {
+    CHECK(name == run.benchmark_name) << "expected " << name << " got "
+                                      << run.benchmark_name;
+    CHECK(error_occurred == run.error_occurred);
+    CHECK(error_message == run.error_message);
+    if (error_occurred) {
+      // CHECK(run.iterations == 0);
+    } else {
+      CHECK(run.iterations != 0);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+std::vector<TestCase> ExpectedResults;
+
+int AddCases(const char* base_name, std::initializer_list<TestCase> const& v) {
+  for (auto TC : v) {
+    TC.name = base_name + TC.name;
+    ExpectedResults.push_back(std::move(TC));
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#define CONCAT(x, y) CONCAT2(x, y)
+#define CONCAT2(x, y) x##y
+#define ADD_CASES(...) int CONCAT(dummy, __LINE__) = AddCases(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+}  // end namespace
+
+void BM_error_before_running(benchmark::State& state) {
+  state.SkipWithError("error message");
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    assert(false);
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_error_before_running);
+ADD_CASES("BM_error_before_running", {{"", true, "error message"}});
+
+void BM_error_during_running(benchmark::State& state) {
+  int first_iter = true;
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    if (state.range(0) == 1 && state.thread_index <= (state.threads / 2)) {
+      assert(first_iter);
+      first_iter = false;
+      state.SkipWithError("error message");
+    } else {
+      state.PauseTiming();
+      state.ResumeTiming();
+    }
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_error_during_running)->Arg(1)->Arg(2)->ThreadRange(1, 8);
+ADD_CASES("BM_error_during_running", {{"/1/threads:1", true, "error message"},
+                                      {"/1/threads:2", true, "error message"},
+                                      {"/1/threads:4", true, "error message"},
+                                      {"/1/threads:8", true, "error message"},
+                                      {"/2/threads:1", false, ""},
+                                      {"/2/threads:2", false, ""},
+                                      {"/2/threads:4", false, ""},
+                                      {"/2/threads:8", false, ""}});
+
+void BM_error_after_running(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(state.iterations());
+  }
+  if (state.thread_index <= (state.threads / 2))
+    state.SkipWithError("error message");
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_error_after_running)->ThreadRange(1, 8);
+ADD_CASES("BM_error_after_running", {{"/threads:1", true, "error message"},
+                                     {"/threads:2", true, "error message"},
+                                     {"/threads:4", true, "error message"},
+                                     {"/threads:8", true, "error message"}});
+
+void BM_error_while_paused(benchmark::State& state) {
+  bool first_iter = true;
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    if (state.range(0) == 1 && state.thread_index <= (state.threads / 2)) {
+      assert(first_iter);
+      first_iter = false;
+      state.PauseTiming();
+      state.SkipWithError("error message");
+    } else {
+      state.PauseTiming();
+      state.ResumeTiming();
+    }
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_error_while_paused)->Arg(1)->Arg(2)->ThreadRange(1, 8);
+ADD_CASES("BM_error_while_paused", {{"/1/threads:1", true, "error message"},
+                                    {"/1/threads:2", true, "error message"},
+                                    {"/1/threads:4", true, "error message"},
+                                    {"/1/threads:8", true, "error message"},
+                                    {"/2/threads:1", false, ""},
+                                    {"/2/threads:2", false, ""},
+                                    {"/2/threads:4", false, ""},
+                                    {"/2/threads:8", false, ""}});
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+  benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);
+
+  TestReporter test_reporter;
+  benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(&test_reporter);
+
+  typedef benchmark::BenchmarkReporter::Run Run;
+  auto EB = ExpectedResults.begin();
+
+  for (Run const& run : test_reporter.all_runs_) {
+    assert(EB != ExpectedResults.end());
+    EB->CheckRun(run);
+    ++EB;
+  }
+  assert(EB == ExpectedResults.end());
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/user_counters_tabular_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/user_counters_tabular_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5fc5b4d9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/user_counters_tabular_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+
+#undef NDEBUG
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "output_test.h"
+
+// @todo: <jpmag> this checks the full output at once; the rule for
+// CounterSet1 was failing because it was not matching "^[-]+$".
+// @todo: <jpmag> check that the counters are vertically aligned.
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {
+// keeping these lines long improves readability, so:
+// clang-format off
+    {"^[-]+$", MR_Next},
+    {"^Benchmark %s Time %s CPU %s Iterations %s Bar %s Bat %s Baz %s Foo %s Frob %s Lob$", MR_Next},
+    {"^[-]+$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_Counters_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_Counters_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_Counters_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_Counters_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_Counters_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterRates_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterRates_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterRates_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterRates_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterRates_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s [ ]*%hrfloat/s$", MR_Next},
+    {"^[-]+$", MR_Next},
+    {"^Benchmark %s Time %s CPU %s Iterations %s Bar %s Baz %s Foo$", MR_Next},
+    {"^[-]+$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet0_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet0_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet0_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet0_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet0_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet1_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet1_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet1_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet1_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet1_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^[-]+$", MR_Next},
+    {"^Benchmark %s Time %s CPU %s Iterations %s Bat %s Baz %s Foo$", MR_Next},
+    {"^[-]+$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet2_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet2_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet2_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet2_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$", MR_Next},
+    {"^BM_CounterSet2_Tabular/threads:%int %console_report [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat [ ]*%hrfloat$"},
+// clang-format on
+});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"%csv_header,"
+                       "\"Bar\",\"Bat\",\"Baz\",\"Foo\",\"Frob\",\"Lob\""}});
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------- Tabular Counters Output ----------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_Counters_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  namespace bm = benchmark;
+  state.counters.insert({
+    {"Foo",  { 1, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+    {"Bar",  { 2, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+    {"Baz",  { 4, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+    {"Bat",  { 8, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+    {"Frob", {16, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+    {"Lob",  {32, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+  });
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Counters_Tabular)->ThreadRange(1, 16);
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Counters_Tabular/threads:%int\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Bar\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Bat\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Baz\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Foo\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Frob\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Lob\": %float$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_Counters_Tabular/threads:%int\",%csv_report,"
+                       "%float,%float,%float,%float,%float,%float$"}});
+// VS2013 does not allow this function to be passed as a lambda argument
+// to CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS()
+void CheckTabular(Results const& e) {
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Foo", EQ, 1);
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Bar", EQ, 2);
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Baz", EQ, 4);
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Bat", EQ, 8);
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Frob", EQ, 16);
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Lob", EQ, 32);
+}
+CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_Counters_Tabular/threads:%int", &CheckTabular);
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// -------------------- Tabular+Rate Counters Output ----------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_CounterRates_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  namespace bm = benchmark;
+  state.counters.insert({
+    {"Foo",  { 1, bm::Counter::kAvgThreadsRate}},
+    {"Bar",  { 2, bm::Counter::kAvgThreadsRate}},
+    {"Baz",  { 4, bm::Counter::kAvgThreadsRate}},
+    {"Bat",  { 8, bm::Counter::kAvgThreadsRate}},
+    {"Frob", {16, bm::Counter::kAvgThreadsRate}},
+    {"Lob",  {32, bm::Counter::kAvgThreadsRate}},
+  });
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_CounterRates_Tabular)->ThreadRange(1, 16);
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_CounterRates_Tabular/threads:%int\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Bar\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Bat\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Baz\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Foo\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Frob\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Lob\": %float$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_CounterRates_Tabular/threads:%int\",%csv_report,"
+                       "%float,%float,%float,%float,%float,%float$"}});
+// VS2013 does not allow this function to be passed as a lambda argument
+// to CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS()
+void CheckTabularRate(Results const& e) {
+  double t = e.DurationCPUTime();
+  CHECK_FLOAT_COUNTER_VALUE(e, "Foo", EQ, 1./t, 0.001);
+  CHECK_FLOAT_COUNTER_VALUE(e, "Bar", EQ, 2./t, 0.001);
+  CHECK_FLOAT_COUNTER_VALUE(e, "Baz", EQ, 4./t, 0.001);
+  CHECK_FLOAT_COUNTER_VALUE(e, "Bat", EQ, 8./t, 0.001);
+  CHECK_FLOAT_COUNTER_VALUE(e, "Frob", EQ, 16./t, 0.001);
+  CHECK_FLOAT_COUNTER_VALUE(e, "Lob", EQ, 32./t, 0.001);
+}
+CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_CounterRates_Tabular/threads:%int",
+                        &CheckTabularRate);
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------- Tabular Counters Output ----------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+// set only some of the counters
+void BM_CounterSet0_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  namespace bm = benchmark;
+  state.counters.insert({
+    {"Foo", {10, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+    {"Bar", {20, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+    {"Baz", {40, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+  });
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_CounterSet0_Tabular)->ThreadRange(1, 16);
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_CounterSet0_Tabular/threads:%int\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Bar\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Baz\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Foo\": %float$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_CounterSet0_Tabular/threads:%int\",%csv_report,"
+                       "%float,,%float,%float,,"}});
+// VS2013 does not allow this function to be passed as a lambda argument
+// to CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS()
+void CheckSet0(Results const& e) {
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Foo", EQ, 10);
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Bar", EQ, 20);
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Baz", EQ, 40);
+}
+CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_CounterSet0_Tabular", &CheckSet0);
+
+// again.
+void BM_CounterSet1_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  namespace bm = benchmark;
+  state.counters.insert({
+    {"Foo", {15, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+    {"Bar", {25, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+    {"Baz", {45, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+  });
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_CounterSet1_Tabular)->ThreadRange(1, 16);
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_CounterSet1_Tabular/threads:%int\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Bar\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Baz\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Foo\": %float$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_CounterSet1_Tabular/threads:%int\",%csv_report,"
+                       "%float,,%float,%float,,"}});
+// VS2013 does not allow this function to be passed as a lambda argument
+// to CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS()
+void CheckSet1(Results const& e) {
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Foo", EQ, 15);
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Bar", EQ, 25);
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Baz", EQ, 45);
+}
+CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_CounterSet1_Tabular/threads:%int", &CheckSet1);
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------- Tabular Counters Output ----------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+// set only some of the counters, different set now.
+void BM_CounterSet2_Tabular(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  namespace bm = benchmark;
+  state.counters.insert({
+    {"Foo", {10, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+    {"Bat", {30, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+    {"Baz", {40, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads}},
+  });
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_CounterSet2_Tabular)->ThreadRange(1, 16);
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_CounterSet2_Tabular/threads:%int\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Bat\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Baz\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"Foo\": %float$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_CounterSet2_Tabular/threads:%int\",%csv_report,"
+                       ",%float,%float,%float,,"}});
+// VS2013 does not allow this function to be passed as a lambda argument
+// to CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS()
+void CheckSet2(Results const& e) {
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Foo", EQ, 10);
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Bat", EQ, 30);
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "Baz", EQ, 40);
+}
+CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_CounterSet2_Tabular", &CheckSet2);
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// --------------------------- TEST CASES END ------------------------------ //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { RunOutputTests(argc, argv); }
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/user_counters_test.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/user_counters_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66df48b31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/test/user_counters_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+
+#undef NDEBUG
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "output_test.h"
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ---------------------- Testing Prologue Output -------------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut,
+          {{"^[-]+$", MR_Next},
+           {"^Benchmark %s Time %s CPU %s Iterations UserCounters...$", MR_Next},
+           {"^[-]+$", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"%csv_header,\"bar\",\"foo\""}});
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------- Simple Counters Output ------------------------ //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_Counters_Simple(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  state.counters["foo"] = 1;
+  state.counters["bar"] = 2 * (double)state.iterations();
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Counters_Simple);
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Counters_Simple %console_report bar=%hrfloat foo=%hrfloat$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Counters_Simple\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"bar\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"foo\": %float$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_Counters_Simple\",%csv_report,%float,%float$"}});
+// VS2013 does not allow this function to be passed as a lambda argument
+// to CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS()
+void CheckSimple(Results const& e) {
+  double its = e.GetAs< double >("iterations");
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "foo", EQ, 1);
+  // check that the value of bar is within 0.1% of the expected value
+  CHECK_FLOAT_COUNTER_VALUE(e, "bar", EQ, 2.*its, 0.001);
+}
+CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_Counters_Simple", &CheckSimple);
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// --------------------- Counters+Items+Bytes/s Output --------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+namespace { int num_calls1 = 0; }
+void BM_Counters_WithBytesAndItemsPSec(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  state.counters["foo"] = 1;
+  state.counters["bar"] = ++num_calls1;
+  state.SetBytesProcessed(364);
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(150);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Counters_WithBytesAndItemsPSec);
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut,
+          {{"^BM_Counters_WithBytesAndItemsPSec %console_report "
+            "bar=%hrfloat foo=%hrfloat +%hrfloatB/s +%hrfloat items/s$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Counters_WithBytesAndItemsPSec\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"bytes_per_second\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"items_per_second\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"bar\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"foo\": %float$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_Counters_WithBytesAndItemsPSec\","
+                       "%csv_bytes_items_report,%float,%float$"}});
+// VS2013 does not allow this function to be passed as a lambda argument
+// to CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS()
+void CheckBytesAndItemsPSec(Results const& e) {
+  double t = e.DurationCPUTime(); // this (and not real time) is the time used
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "foo", EQ, 1);
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "bar", EQ, num_calls1);
+  // check that the values are within 0.1% of the expected values
+  CHECK_FLOAT_RESULT_VALUE(e, "bytes_per_second", EQ, 364./t, 0.001);
+  CHECK_FLOAT_RESULT_VALUE(e, "items_per_second", EQ, 150./t, 0.001);
+}
+CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_Counters_WithBytesAndItemsPSec",
+                        &CheckBytesAndItemsPSec);
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------- Rate Counters Output -------------------------- //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_Counters_Rate(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  namespace bm = benchmark;
+  state.counters["foo"] = bm::Counter{1, bm::Counter::kIsRate};
+  state.counters["bar"] = bm::Counter{2, bm::Counter::kIsRate};
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Counters_Rate);
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Counters_Rate %console_report bar=%hrfloat/s foo=%hrfloat/s$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Counters_Rate\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"bar\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"foo\": %float$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_Counters_Rate\",%csv_report,%float,%float$"}});
+// VS2013 does not allow this function to be passed as a lambda argument
+// to CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS()
+void CheckRate(Results const& e) {
+  double t = e.DurationCPUTime(); // this (and not real time) is the time used
+  // check that the values are within 0.1% of the expected values
+  CHECK_FLOAT_COUNTER_VALUE(e, "foo", EQ, 1./t, 0.001);
+  CHECK_FLOAT_COUNTER_VALUE(e, "bar", EQ, 2./t, 0.001);
+}
+CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_Counters_Rate", &CheckRate);
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ------------------------- Thread Counters Output ------------------------ //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_Counters_Threads(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  state.counters["foo"] = 1;
+  state.counters["bar"] = 2;
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Counters_Threads)->ThreadRange(1, 8);
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Counters_Threads/threads:%int %console_report bar=%hrfloat foo=%hrfloat$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Counters_Threads/threads:%int\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"bar\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"foo\": %float$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_Counters_Threads/threads:%int\",%csv_report,%float,%float$"}});
+// VS2013 does not allow this function to be passed as a lambda argument
+// to CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS()
+void CheckThreads(Results const& e) {
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "foo", EQ, e.NumThreads());
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "bar", EQ, 2 * e.NumThreads());
+}
+CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_Counters_Threads/threads:%int", &CheckThreads);
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ---------------------- ThreadAvg Counters Output ------------------------ //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_Counters_AvgThreads(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  namespace bm = benchmark;
+  state.counters["foo"] = bm::Counter{1, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads};
+  state.counters["bar"] = bm::Counter{2, bm::Counter::kAvgThreads};
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Counters_AvgThreads)->ThreadRange(1, 8);
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Counters_AvgThreads/threads:%int %console_report bar=%hrfloat foo=%hrfloat$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Counters_AvgThreads/threads:%int\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"bar\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"foo\": %float$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_Counters_AvgThreads/threads:%int\",%csv_report,%float,%float$"}});
+// VS2013 does not allow this function to be passed as a lambda argument
+// to CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS()
+void CheckAvgThreads(Results const& e) {
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "foo", EQ, 1);
+  CHECK_COUNTER_VALUE(e, int, "bar", EQ, 2);
+}
+CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_Counters_AvgThreads/threads:%int",
+                        &CheckAvgThreads);
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// ---------------------- ThreadAvg Counters Output ------------------------ //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+void BM_Counters_AvgThreadsRate(benchmark::State& state) {
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  }
+  namespace bm = benchmark;
+  state.counters["foo"] = bm::Counter{1, bm::Counter::kAvgThreadsRate};
+  state.counters["bar"] = bm::Counter{2, bm::Counter::kAvgThreadsRate};
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_Counters_AvgThreadsRate)->ThreadRange(1, 8);
+ADD_CASES(TC_ConsoleOut, {{"^BM_Counters_AvgThreadsRate/threads:%int %console_report bar=%hrfloat/s foo=%hrfloat/s$"}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_JSONOut, {{"\"name\": \"BM_Counters_AvgThreadsRate/threads:%int\",$"},
+                       {"\"iterations\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"real_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"cpu_time\": %int,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"time_unit\": \"ns\",$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"bar\": %float,$", MR_Next},
+                       {"\"foo\": %float$", MR_Next},
+                       {"}", MR_Next}});
+ADD_CASES(TC_CSVOut, {{"^\"BM_Counters_AvgThreadsRate/threads:%int\",%csv_report,%float,%float$"}});
+// VS2013 does not allow this function to be passed as a lambda argument
+// to CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS()
+void CheckAvgThreadsRate(Results const& e) {
+  CHECK_FLOAT_COUNTER_VALUE(e, "foo", EQ, 1./e.DurationCPUTime(), 0.001);
+  CHECK_FLOAT_COUNTER_VALUE(e, "bar", EQ, 2./e.DurationCPUTime(), 0.001);
+}
+CHECK_BENCHMARK_RESULTS("BM_Counters_AvgThreadsRate/threads:%int",
+                        &CheckAvgThreadsRate);
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+// --------------------------- TEST CASES END ------------------------------ //
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { RunOutputTests(argc, argv); }
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/compare_bench.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/compare_bench.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d54baaa0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/compare_bench.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""
+compare_bench.py - Compare two benchmarks or their results and report the
+                   difference.
+"""
+import argparse
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+import sys
+import gbench
+from gbench import util, report
+from gbench.util import *
+
+def check_inputs(in1, in2, flags):
+    """
+    Perform checking on the user provided inputs and diagnose any abnormalities
+    """
+    in1_kind, in1_err = classify_input_file(in1)
+    in2_kind, in2_err = classify_input_file(in2)
+    output_file = find_benchmark_flag('--benchmark_out=', flags)
+    output_type = find_benchmark_flag('--benchmark_out_format=', flags)
+    if in1_kind == IT_Executable and in2_kind == IT_Executable and output_file:
+        print(("WARNING: '--benchmark_out=%s' will be passed to both "
+              "benchmarks causing it to be overwritten") % output_file)
+    if in1_kind == IT_JSON and in2_kind == IT_JSON and len(flags) > 0:
+        print("WARNING: passing --benchmark flags has no effect since both "
+              "inputs are JSON")
+    if output_type is not None and output_type != 'json':
+        print(("ERROR: passing '--benchmark_out_format=%s' to 'compare_bench.py`"
+              " is not supported.") % output_type)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = ArgumentParser(
+        description='compare the results of two benchmarks')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        'test1', metavar='test1', type=str, nargs=1,
+        help='A benchmark executable or JSON output file')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        'test2', metavar='test2', type=str, nargs=1,
+        help='A benchmark executable or JSON output file')
+    # FIXME this is a dummy argument which will never actually match
+    # any --benchmark flags but it helps generate a better usage message
+    parser.add_argument(
+        'benchmark_options', metavar='benchmark_option', nargs='*',
+        help='Arguments to pass when running benchmark executables'
+    )
+    args, unknown_args = parser.parse_known_args()
+    # Parse the command line flags
+    test1 = args.test1[0]
+    test2 = args.test2[0]
+    if args.benchmark_options:
+        print("Unrecognized positional argument arguments: '%s'"
+              % args.benchmark_options)
+        exit(1)
+    benchmark_options = unknown_args
+    check_inputs(test1, test2, benchmark_options)
+    # Run the benchmarks and report the results
+    json1 = gbench.util.run_or_load_benchmark(test1, benchmark_options)
+    json2 = gbench.util.run_or_load_benchmark(test2, benchmark_options)
+    output_lines = gbench.report.generate_difference_report(json1, json2)
+    print('Comparing %s to %s' % (test1, test2))
+    for ln in output_lines:
+        print(ln)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run1.json b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run1.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37faed46d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+  "context": {
+    "date": "2016-08-02 17:44:46",
+    "num_cpus": 4,
+    "mhz_per_cpu": 4228,
+    "cpu_scaling_enabled": false,
+    "library_build_type": "release"
+  },
+  "benchmarks": [
+    {
+      "name": "BM_SameTimes",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 10,
+      "cpu_time": 10,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_2xFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 50,
+      "cpu_time": 50,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_2xSlower",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 50,
+      "cpu_time": 50,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_10PercentFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 100,
+      "cpu_time": 100,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_10PercentSlower",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 100,
+      "cpu_time": 100,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_100xSlower",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 100,
+      "cpu_time": 100,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_100xFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 10000,
+      "cpu_time": 10000,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run2.json b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run2.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aed5151d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run2.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+  "context": {
+    "date": "2016-08-02 17:44:46",
+    "num_cpus": 4,
+    "mhz_per_cpu": 4228,
+    "cpu_scaling_enabled": false,
+    "library_build_type": "release"
+  },
+  "benchmarks": [
+    {
+      "name": "BM_SameTimes",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 10,
+      "cpu_time": 10,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_2xFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 25,
+      "cpu_time": 25,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_2xSlower",
+      "iterations": 20833333,
+      "real_time": 100,
+      "cpu_time": 100,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_10PercentFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 90,
+      "cpu_time": 90,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_10PercentSlower",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 110,
+      "cpu_time": 110,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_100xSlower",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 10000,
+      "cpu_time": 10000,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_100xFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 100,
+      "cpu_time": 100,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/__init__.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fce1a1acf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+"""Google Benchmark tooling"""
+
+__author__ = 'Eric Fiselier'
+__email__ = 'eric@efcs.ca'
+__versioninfo__ = (0, 5, 0)
+__version__ = '.'.join(str(v) for v in __versioninfo__) + 'dev'
+
+__all__ = []
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/report.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/report.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..015d33d9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/report.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+"""report.py - Utilities for reporting statistics about benchmark results
+"""
+import os
+
+class BenchmarkColor(object):
+    def __init__(self, name, code):
+        self.name = name
+        self.code = code
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '%s%r' % (self.__class__.__name__,
+                         (self.name, self.code))
+
+    def __format__(self, format):
+        return self.code
+
+# Benchmark Colors Enumeration
+BC_NONE = BenchmarkColor('NONE', '')
+BC_MAGENTA = BenchmarkColor('MAGENTA', '\033[95m')
+BC_CYAN = BenchmarkColor('CYAN', '\033[96m')
+BC_OKBLUE = BenchmarkColor('OKBLUE', '\033[94m')
+BC_HEADER = BenchmarkColor('HEADER', '\033[92m')
+BC_WARNING = BenchmarkColor('WARNING', '\033[93m')
+BC_WHITE = BenchmarkColor('WHITE', '\033[97m')
+BC_FAIL = BenchmarkColor('FAIL', '\033[91m')
+BC_ENDC = BenchmarkColor('ENDC', '\033[0m')
+BC_BOLD = BenchmarkColor('BOLD', '\033[1m')
+BC_UNDERLINE = BenchmarkColor('UNDERLINE', '\033[4m')
+
+def color_format(use_color, fmt_str, *args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Return the result of 'fmt_str.format(*args, **kwargs)' after transforming
+    'args' and 'kwargs' according to the value of 'use_color'. If 'use_color'
+    is False then all color codes in 'args' and 'kwargs' are replaced with
+    the empty string.
+    """
+    assert use_color is True or use_color is False
+    if not use_color:
+        args = [arg if not isinstance(arg, BenchmarkColor) else BC_NONE
+                for arg in args]
+        kwargs = {key: arg if not isinstance(arg, BenchmarkColor) else BC_NONE
+                  for key, arg in kwargs.items()}
+    return fmt_str.format(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def find_longest_name(benchmark_list):
+    """
+    Return the length of the longest benchmark name in a given list of
+    benchmark JSON objects
+    """
+    longest_name = 1
+    for bc in benchmark_list:
+        if len(bc['name']) > longest_name:
+            longest_name = len(bc['name'])
+    return longest_name
+
+
+def calculate_change(old_val, new_val):
+    """
+    Return a float representing the decimal change between old_val and new_val.
+    """
+    if old_val == 0 and new_val == 0:
+        return 0.0
+    if old_val == 0:
+        return float(new_val - old_val) / (float(old_val + new_val) / 2)
+    return float(new_val - old_val) / abs(old_val)
+
+
+def generate_difference_report(json1, json2, use_color=True):
+    """
+    Calculate and report the difference between each test of two benchmarks
+    runs specified as 'json1' and 'json2'.
+    """
+    first_col_width = find_longest_name(json1['benchmarks']) + 5
+    def find_test(name):
+        for b in json2['benchmarks']:
+            if b['name'] == name:
+                return b
+        return None
+    first_line = "{:<{}s}     Time           CPU           Old           New".format(
+        'Benchmark', first_col_width)
+    output_strs = [first_line, '-' * len(first_line)]
+
+    gen = (bn for bn in json1['benchmarks'] if 'real_time' in bn and 'cpu_time' in bn)
+    for bn in gen:
+        other_bench = find_test(bn['name'])
+        if not other_bench:
+            continue
+
+        def get_color(res):
+            if res > 0.05:
+                return BC_FAIL
+            elif res > -0.07:
+                return BC_WHITE
+            else:
+                return BC_CYAN
+        fmt_str = "{}{:<{}s}{endc}{}{:+9.2f}{endc}{}{:+14.2f}{endc}{:14d}{:14d}"
+        tres = calculate_change(bn['real_time'], other_bench['real_time'])
+        cpures = calculate_change(bn['cpu_time'], other_bench['cpu_time'])
+        output_strs += [color_format(use_color, fmt_str,
+            BC_HEADER, bn['name'], first_col_width,
+            get_color(tres), tres, get_color(cpures), cpures,
+            bn['cpu_time'], other_bench['cpu_time'],
+            endc=BC_ENDC)]
+    return output_strs
+
+###############################################################################
+# Unit tests
+
+import unittest
+
+class TestReportDifference(unittest.TestCase):
+    def load_results(self):
+        import json
+        testInputs = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), 'Inputs')
+        testOutput1 = os.path.join(testInputs, 'test1_run1.json')
+        testOutput2 = os.path.join(testInputs, 'test1_run2.json')
+        with open(testOutput1, 'r') as f:
+            json1 = json.load(f)
+        with open(testOutput2, 'r') as f:
+            json2 = json.load(f)
+        return json1, json2
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        expect_lines = [
+            ['BM_SameTimes', '+0.00', '+0.00', '10', '10'],
+            ['BM_2xFaster', '-0.50', '-0.50', '50', '25'],
+            ['BM_2xSlower', '+1.00', '+1.00', '50', '100'],
+            ['BM_10PercentFaster', '-0.10', '-0.10', '100', '90'],
+            ['BM_10PercentSlower', '+0.10', '+0.10', '100', '110'],
+            ['BM_100xSlower', '+99.00', '+99.00', '100', '10000'],
+            ['BM_100xFaster', '-0.99', '-0.99', '10000', '100'],
+        ]
+        json1, json2 = self.load_results()
+        output_lines_with_header = generate_difference_report(json1, json2, use_color=False)
+        output_lines = output_lines_with_header[2:]
+        print("\n".join(output_lines_with_header))
+        self.assertEqual(len(output_lines), len(expect_lines))
+        for i in xrange(0, len(output_lines)):
+            parts = [x for x in output_lines[i].split(' ') if x]
+            self.assertEqual(len(parts), 5)
+            self.assertEqual(parts, expect_lines[i])
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/util.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07c237727
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/benchmark/tools/gbench/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+"""util.py - General utilities for running, loading, and processing benchmarks
+"""
+import json
+import os
+import tempfile
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+# Input file type enumeration
+IT_Invalid    = 0
+IT_JSON       = 1
+IT_Executable = 2
+
+_num_magic_bytes = 2 if sys.platform.startswith('win') else 4
+def is_executable_file(filename):
+    """
+    Return 'True' if 'filename' names a valid file which is likely
+    an executable. A file is considered an executable if it starts with the
+    magic bytes for a EXE, Mach O, or ELF file.
+    """
+    if not os.path.isfile(filename):
+        return False
+    with open(filename, mode='rb') as f:
+        magic_bytes = f.read(_num_magic_bytes)
+    if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+        return magic_bytes in [
+            b'\xfe\xed\xfa\xce',  # MH_MAGIC
+            b'\xce\xfa\xed\xfe',  # MH_CIGAM
+            b'\xfe\xed\xfa\xcf',  # MH_MAGIC_64
+            b'\xcf\xfa\xed\xfe',  # MH_CIGAM_64
+            b'\xca\xfe\xba\xbe',  # FAT_MAGIC
+            b'\xbe\xba\xfe\xca'   # FAT_CIGAM
+        ]
+    elif sys.platform.startswith('win'):
+        return magic_bytes == b'MZ'
+    else:
+        return magic_bytes == b'\x7FELF'
+
+
+def is_json_file(filename):
+    """
+    Returns 'True' if 'filename' names a valid JSON output file.
+    'False' otherwise.
+    """
+    try:
+        with open(filename, 'r') as f:
+            json.load(f)
+        return True
+    except:
+        pass
+    return False
+
+
+def classify_input_file(filename):
+    """
+    Return a tuple (type, msg) where 'type' specifies the classified type
+    of 'filename'. If 'type' is 'IT_Invalid' then 'msg' is a human readable
+    string represeting the error.
+    """
+    ftype = IT_Invalid
+    err_msg = None
+    if not os.path.exists(filename):
+        err_msg = "'%s' does not exist" % filename
+    elif not os.path.isfile(filename):
+        err_msg = "'%s' does not name a file" % filename
+    elif is_executable_file(filename):
+        ftype = IT_Executable
+    elif is_json_file(filename):
+        ftype = IT_JSON
+    else:
+        err_msg = "'%s' does not name a valid benchmark executable or JSON file" % filename
+    return ftype, err_msg
+
+
+def check_input_file(filename):
+    """
+    Classify the file named by 'filename' and return the classification.
+    If the file is classified as 'IT_Invalid' print an error message and exit
+    the program.
+    """
+    ftype, msg = classify_input_file(filename)
+    if ftype == IT_Invalid:
+        print("Invalid input file: %s" % msg)
+        sys.exit(1)
+    return ftype
+
+def find_benchmark_flag(prefix, benchmark_flags):
+    """
+    Search the specified list of flags for a flag matching `<prefix><arg>` and
+    if it is found return the arg it specifies. If specified more than once the
+    last value is returned. If the flag is not found None is returned.
+    """
+    assert prefix.startswith('--') and prefix.endswith('=')
+    result = None
+    for f in benchmark_flags:
+        if f.startswith(prefix):
+            result = f[len(prefix):]
+    return result
+
+def remove_benchmark_flags(prefix, benchmark_flags):
+    """
+    Return a new list containing the specified benchmark_flags except those
+    with the specified prefix.
+    """
+    assert prefix.startswith('--') and prefix.endswith('=')
+    return [f for f in benchmark_flags if not f.startswith(prefix)]
+
+def load_benchmark_results(fname):
+    """
+    Read benchmark output from a file and return the JSON object.
+    REQUIRES: 'fname' names a file containing JSON benchmark output.
+    """
+    with open(fname, 'r') as f:
+        return json.load(f)
+
+
+def run_benchmark(exe_name, benchmark_flags):
+    """
+    Run a benchmark specified by 'exe_name' with the specified
+    'benchmark_flags'. The benchmark is run directly as a subprocess to preserve
+    real time console output.
+    RETURNS: A JSON object representing the benchmark output
+    """
+    output_name = find_benchmark_flag('--benchmark_out=',
+                                      benchmark_flags)
+    is_temp_output = False
+    if output_name is None:
+        is_temp_output = True
+        thandle, output_name = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        os.close(thandle)
+        benchmark_flags = list(benchmark_flags) + \
+                          ['--benchmark_out=%s' % output_name]
+
+    cmd = [exe_name] + benchmark_flags
+    print("RUNNING: %s" % ' '.join(cmd))
+    exitCode = subprocess.call(cmd)
+    if exitCode != 0:
+        print('TEST FAILED...')
+        sys.exit(exitCode)
+    json_res = load_benchmark_results(output_name)
+    if is_temp_output:
+        os.unlink(output_name)
+    return json_res
+
+
+def run_or_load_benchmark(filename, benchmark_flags):
+    """
+    Get the results for a specified benchmark. If 'filename' specifies
+    an executable benchmark then the results are generated by running the
+    benchmark. Otherwise 'filename' must name a valid JSON output file,
+    which is loaded and the result returned.
+    """
+    ftype = check_input_file(filename)
+    if ftype == IT_JSON:
+        return load_benchmark_results(filename)
+    elif ftype == IT_Executable:
+        return run_benchmark(filename, benchmark_flags)
+    else:
+        assert False # This branch is unreachable
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/six.BUILD b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/six.BUILD
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..041c72c66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/six.BUILD
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+load("@rules_python//python:defs.bzl", "py_library")
+
+# Consume `six.py` as `__init__.py` for compatibility
+# with `--incompatible_default_to_explicit_init_py`.
+# https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/pull/6795#issuecomment-546060749
+# https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/10076
+genrule(
+    name = "copy_six",
+    srcs = ["six-1.12.0/six.py"],
+    outs = ["__init__.py"],
+    cmd = "cp $< $(@)",
+)
+
+py_library(
+    name = "six",
+    srcs = ["__init__.py"],
+    srcs_version = "PY2AND3",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/zlib.BUILD b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/zlib.BUILD
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..093dee18d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/third_party/zlib.BUILD
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_library")
+
+licenses(["notice"])  # BSD/MIT-like license (for zlib)
+
+_ZLIB_HEADERS = [
+    "crc32.h",
+    "deflate.h",
+    "gzguts.h",
+    "inffast.h",
+    "inffixed.h",
+    "inflate.h",
+    "inftrees.h",
+    "trees.h",
+    "zconf.h",
+    "zlib.h",
+    "zutil.h",
+]
+
+_ZLIB_PREFIXED_HEADERS = ["zlib/include/" + hdr for hdr in _ZLIB_HEADERS]
+
+# In order to limit the damage from the `includes` propagation
+# via `:zlib`, copy the public headers to a subdirectory and
+# expose those.
+genrule(
+    name = "copy_public_headers",
+    srcs = _ZLIB_HEADERS,
+    outs = _ZLIB_PREFIXED_HEADERS,
+    cmd = "cp $(SRCS) $(@D)/zlib/include/",
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "zlib",
+    srcs = [
+        "adler32.c",
+        "compress.c",
+        "crc32.c",
+        "deflate.c",
+        "gzclose.c",
+        "gzlib.c",
+        "gzread.c",
+        "gzwrite.c",
+        "infback.c",
+        "inffast.c",
+        "inflate.c",
+        "inftrees.c",
+        "trees.c",
+        "uncompr.c",
+        "zutil.c",
+        # Include the un-prefixed headers in srcs to work
+        # around the fact that zlib isn't consistent in its
+        # choice of <> or "" delimiter when including itself.
+    ] + _ZLIB_HEADERS,
+    hdrs = _ZLIB_PREFIXED_HEADERS,
+    copts = select({
+        "@bazel_tools//src/conditions:windows": [],
+        "//conditions:default": [
+            "-Wno-unused-variable",
+            "-Wno-implicit-function-declaration",
+        ],
+    }),
+    includes = ["zlib/include/"],
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/update_compatibility_version.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/update_compatibility_version.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f93479bd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/update_compatibility_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Compatibility tests between last released and the current version.
+
+Usage: ./update_compatibility_version.py <MAJOR>.<MINOR>.<MICRO> [<RC version>]
+Example: ./update_compatibility_version.py 3.7.1
+"""
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+import re
+import sys
+
+if len(sys.argv) < 2 or len(sys.argv) > 3:
+  print("""
+[ERROR] Please specify a version.
+
+./update_compatibility_version.py.py <MAJOR>.<MINOR>.<MICRO> [<RC version>]
+
+Example:
+./update_compatibility_version.py.py 3.7.1 2
+""")
+  exit(1)
+
+NEW_VERSION = sys.argv[1]
+NEW_VERSION_INFO = NEW_VERSION.split('.')
+if len(NEW_VERSION_INFO) != 3:
+  print("""
+[ERROR] Version must be in the format <MAJOR>.<MINOR>.<MICRO>
+
+Example:
+./update_compatibility_version.py.py 3.7.3
+""")
+  exit(1)
+
+if len(sys.argv) > 2:
+  RC_VERSION = int(sys.argv[2])
+  # Do not update compatibility versions for rc release
+  if RC_VERSION != 0:
+    exit(0)
+
+
+def RewriteTextFile(filename, line_rewriter):
+  lines = open(filename, 'r').readlines()
+  updated_lines = []
+  for line in lines:
+    updated_lines.append(line_rewriter(line))
+  if lines == updated_lines:
+    print('%s was not updated. Please double check.' % filename)
+  f = open(filename, 'w')
+  f.write(''.join(updated_lines))
+  f.close()
+
+
+def ReplaceVersion(line):
+  return re.sub(r'LAST_RELEASED=.*$', 'LAST_RELEASED=%s' % NEW_VERSION, line)
+
+RewriteTextFile('tests.sh', ReplaceVersion)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/update_file_lists.sh b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/update_file_lists.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e0b446f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/update_file_lists.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# This script copies source file lists from src/Makefile.am to cmake files.
+
+get_variable_value() {
+  local FILENAME=$1
+  local VARNAME=$2
+  awk "
+    BEGIN { start = 0; }
+    /^$VARNAME =/ { start = 1; }
+    { if (start) { print \$0; } }
+    /\\\\\$/ { next; }
+    { start = 0; }
+  " $FILENAME \
+    | sed "s/^$VARNAME =//" \
+    | sed "s/[ \\]//g" \
+    | grep -v "^\\$" \
+    | grep -v "^$" \
+    | LC_ALL=C sort | uniq
+}
+
+get_header_files() {
+  get_variable_value $@ | grep '\.h$'
+}
+
+get_source_files() {
+  get_variable_value $@ | grep "cc$\|inc$"
+}
+
+get_proto_files_blacklisted() {
+  get_proto_files $@ | sed '/^google\/protobuf\/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto$/d'
+}
+
+get_proto_files() {
+  get_variable_value $@ | grep "pb.cc$" | sed "s/pb.cc/proto/"
+}
+
+sort_files() {
+  for FILE in $@; do
+    echo $FILE
+  done | LC_ALL=C sort | uniq
+}
+
+MAKEFILE=src/Makefile.am
+
+[ -f "$MAKEFILE" ] || {
+  echo "Cannot find: $MAKEFILE"
+  exit 1
+}
+
+# Extract file lists from src/Makefile.am
+GZHEADERS=$(get_variable_value $MAKEFILE GZHEADERS)
+HEADERS=$(get_variable_value $MAKEFILE nobase_include_HEADERS)
+PUBLIC_HEADERS=$(sort_files $GZHEADERS $HEADERS)
+LIBPROTOBUF_LITE_SOURCES=$(get_source_files $MAKEFILE libprotobuf_lite_la_SOURCES)
+LIBPROTOBUF_SOURCES=$(get_source_files $MAKEFILE libprotobuf_la_SOURCES)
+LIBPROTOC_SOURCES=$(get_source_files $MAKEFILE libprotoc_la_SOURCES)
+LIBPROTOC_HEADERS=$(get_header_files $MAKEFILE libprotoc_la_SOURCES)
+LITE_PROTOS=$(get_proto_files $MAKEFILE protoc_lite_outputs)
+PROTOS=$(get_proto_files $MAKEFILE protoc_outputs)
+PROTOS_BLACKLISTED=$(get_proto_files_blacklisted $MAKEFILE protoc_outputs)
+WKT_PROTOS=$(get_variable_value $MAKEFILE nobase_dist_proto_DATA)
+COMMON_TEST_SOURCES=$(get_source_files $MAKEFILE COMMON_TEST_SOURCES)
+COMMON_LITE_TEST_SOURCES=$(get_source_files $MAKEFILE COMMON_LITE_TEST_SOURCES)
+TEST_SOURCES=$(get_source_files $MAKEFILE protobuf_test_SOURCES)
+NON_MSVC_TEST_SOURCES=$(get_source_files $MAKEFILE NON_MSVC_TEST_SOURCES)
+LITE_TEST_SOURCES=$(get_source_files $MAKEFILE protobuf_lite_test_SOURCES)
+LITE_ARENA_TEST_SOURCES=$(get_source_files $MAKEFILE protobuf_lite_arena_test_SOURCES)
+TEST_PLUGIN_SOURCES=$(get_source_files $MAKEFILE test_plugin_SOURCES)
+
+################################################################################
+# Update cmake files.
+################################################################################
+
+CMAKE_DIR=cmake
+EXTRACT_INCLUDES_BAT=cmake/extract_includes.bat.in
+[ -d "$CMAKE_DIR" ] || {
+  echo "Cannot find: $CMAKE_DIR"
+  exit 1
+}
+
+[ -f "$EXTRACT_INCLUDES_BAT" ] || {
+  echo "Cannot find: $EXTRACT_INCLUDES_BAT"
+  exit 1
+}
+
+set_cmake_value() {
+  local FILENAME=$1
+  local VARNAME=$2
+  local PREFIX=$3
+  shift
+  shift
+  shift
+  awk -v values="$*" -v prefix="$PREFIX" "
+    BEGIN { start = 0; }
+    /^set\\($VARNAME/ {
+      start = 1;
+      print \$0;
+      len = split(values, vlist, \" \");
+      for (i = 1; i <= len; ++i) {
+        printf(\"  %s%s\\n\", prefix, vlist[i]);
+      }
+      next;
+    }
+    start && /^\\)/ {
+      start = 0;
+    }
+    !start {
+      print \$0;
+    }
+  " $FILENAME > /tmp/$$
+  cp /tmp/$$ $FILENAME
+}
+
+
+# Replace file lists in cmake files.
+CMAKE_PREFIX="\${protobuf_source_dir}/src/"
+set_cmake_value $CMAKE_DIR/libprotobuf-lite.cmake libprotobuf_lite_files $CMAKE_PREFIX $LIBPROTOBUF_LITE_SOURCES
+set_cmake_value $CMAKE_DIR/libprotobuf.cmake libprotobuf_files $CMAKE_PREFIX $LIBPROTOBUF_SOURCES
+set_cmake_value $CMAKE_DIR/libprotoc.cmake libprotoc_files $CMAKE_PREFIX $LIBPROTOC_SOURCES
+set_cmake_value $CMAKE_DIR/libprotoc.cmake libprotoc_headers $CMAKE_PREFIX $LIBPROTOC_HEADERS
+set_cmake_value $CMAKE_DIR/tests.cmake lite_test_protos "" $LITE_PROTOS
+set_cmake_value $CMAKE_DIR/tests.cmake tests_protos "" $PROTOS_BLACKLISTED
+set_cmake_value $CMAKE_DIR/tests.cmake common_test_files $CMAKE_PREFIX $COMMON_TEST_SOURCES
+set_cmake_value $CMAKE_DIR/tests.cmake common_lite_test_files $CMAKE_PREFIX $COMMON_LITE_TEST_SOURCES
+set_cmake_value $CMAKE_DIR/tests.cmake tests_files $CMAKE_PREFIX $TEST_SOURCES
+set_cmake_value $CMAKE_DIR/tests.cmake non_msvc_tests_files $CMAKE_PREFIX $NON_MSVC_TEST_SOURCES
+set_cmake_value $CMAKE_DIR/tests.cmake lite_test_files $CMAKE_PREFIX $LITE_TEST_SOURCES
+set_cmake_value $CMAKE_DIR/tests.cmake lite_arena_test_files $CMAKE_PREFIX $LITE_ARENA_TEST_SOURCES
+
+# Generate extract_includes.bat
+echo "mkdir include" > $EXTRACT_INCLUDES_BAT
+for INCLUDE in $PUBLIC_HEADERS $WKT_PROTOS; do
+  INCLUDE_DIR=$(dirname "$INCLUDE")
+  while [ ! "$INCLUDE_DIR" = "." ]; do
+    echo "mkdir include\\${INCLUDE_DIR//\//\\}"
+    INCLUDE_DIR=$(dirname "$INCLUDE_DIR")
+  done
+done | sort | uniq >> $EXTRACT_INCLUDES_BAT
+for INCLUDE in $PUBLIC_HEADERS $WKT_PROTOS; do
+  WINPATH=${INCLUDE//\//\\}
+  echo "copy \"\${PROTOBUF_SOURCE_WIN32_PATH}\\..\\src\\$WINPATH\" include\\$WINPATH" >> $EXTRACT_INCLUDES_BAT
+done
+
+################################################################################
+# Update bazel BUILD files.
+################################################################################
+
+set_bazel_value() {
+  local FILENAME=$1
+  local VARNAME=$2
+  local PREFIX=$3
+  shift
+  shift
+  shift
+  awk -v values="$*" -v prefix="$PREFIX" "
+    BEGIN { start = 0; }
+    /# AUTOGEN\\($VARNAME\\)/ {
+      start = 1;
+      print \$0;
+      # replace \$0 with indent.
+      sub(/#.*/, \"\", \$0)
+      len = split(values, vlist, \" \");
+      for (i = 1; i <= len; ++i) {
+        printf(\"%s\\\"%s%s\\\",\n\", \$0, prefix, vlist[i]);
+      }
+      next;
+    }
+    start && /\]/ {
+      start = 0
+    }
+    !start {
+      print \$0;
+    }
+  " $FILENAME > /tmp/$$
+  cp /tmp/$$ $FILENAME
+}
+
+
+BAZEL_BUILD=./BUILD
+BAZEL_PREFIX="src/"
+if [ -f "$BAZEL_BUILD" ]; then
+  set_bazel_value $BAZEL_BUILD protobuf_lite_srcs $BAZEL_PREFIX $LIBPROTOBUF_LITE_SOURCES
+  set_bazel_value $BAZEL_BUILD protobuf_srcs $BAZEL_PREFIX $LIBPROTOBUF_SOURCES
+  set_bazel_value $BAZEL_BUILD protoc_lib_srcs $BAZEL_PREFIX $LIBPROTOC_SOURCES
+  set_bazel_value $BAZEL_BUILD lite_test_protos "" $LITE_PROTOS
+  set_bazel_value $BAZEL_BUILD well_known_protos "" $WKT_PROTOS
+  set_bazel_value $BAZEL_BUILD test_protos "" $PROTOS
+  set_bazel_value $BAZEL_BUILD common_test_srcs $BAZEL_PREFIX $COMMON_TEST_SOURCES
+  set_bazel_value $BAZEL_BUILD test_srcs $BAZEL_PREFIX $TEST_SOURCES
+  set_bazel_value $BAZEL_BUILD non_msvc_test_srcs $BAZEL_PREFIX $NON_MSVC_TEST_SOURCES
+  set_bazel_value $BAZEL_BUILD test_plugin_srcs $BAZEL_PREFIX $TEST_PLUGIN_SOURCES
+else
+  echo "Skipped BUILD file update."
+fi
+
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/update_version.py b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/update_version.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1f3332d14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/update_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Usage: ./update_version.py <MAJOR>.<MINOR>.<MICRO> [<RC version>]
+#
+# Example:
+# ./update_version.py 3.7.1 2
+#   => Version will become 3.7.1-rc-2 (beta)
+# ./update_version.py 3.7.1
+#   => Version will become 3.7.1 (stable)
+
+import datetime
+import re
+import sys
+from xml.dom import minidom
+
+if len(sys.argv) < 2 or len(sys.argv) > 3:
+  print """
+[ERROR] Please specify a version.
+
+./update_version.py <MAJOR>.<MINOR>.<MICRO> [<RC version>]
+
+Example:
+./update_version.py 3.7.1 2
+"""
+  exit(1)
+
+NEW_VERSION = sys.argv[1]
+NEW_VERSION_INFO = [int(x) for x in NEW_VERSION.split('.')]
+if len(NEW_VERSION_INFO) != 3:
+  print """
+[ERROR] Version must be in the format <MAJOR>.<MINOR>.<MICRO>
+
+Example:
+./update_version.py 3.7.3
+"""
+  exit(1)
+
+RC_VERSION = -1
+if len(sys.argv) > 2:
+  RC_VERSION = int(sys.argv[2])
+
+
+def Find(elem, tagname):
+  for child in elem.childNodes:
+    if child.nodeName == tagname:
+      return child
+  return None
+
+
+def FindAndClone(elem, tagname):
+  return Find(elem, tagname).cloneNode(True)
+
+
+def ReplaceText(elem, text):
+  elem.firstChild.replaceWholeText(text)
+
+
+def GetFullVersion(rc_suffix = '-rc-'):
+  if RC_VERSION < 0:
+    return NEW_VERSION
+  else:
+    return '%s%s%s' % (NEW_VERSION, rc_suffix, RC_VERSION)
+
+
+def RewriteXml(filename, rewriter, add_xml_prefix=True):
+  document = minidom.parse(filename)
+  rewriter(document)
+  # document.toxml() always prepend the XML version without inserting new line.
+  # We wants to preserve as much of the original formatting as possible, so we
+  # will remove the default XML version and replace it with our custom one when
+  # whever necessary.
+  content = document.toxml().replace('<?xml version="1.0" ?>', '')
+  file_handle = open(filename, 'wb')
+  if add_xml_prefix:
+    file_handle.write('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n')
+  file_handle.write(content)
+  file_handle.write('\n')
+  file_handle.close()
+
+
+def RewriteTextFile(filename, line_rewriter):
+  lines = open(filename, 'r').readlines()
+  updated_lines = []
+  for line in lines:
+    updated_lines.append(line_rewriter(line))
+  if lines == updated_lines:
+    print '%s was not updated. Please double check.' % filename
+  f = open(filename, 'w')
+  f.write(''.join(updated_lines))
+  f.close()
+
+
+def UpdateConfigure():
+  RewriteTextFile('configure.ac',
+    lambda line : re.sub(
+      r'^AC_INIT\(\[Protocol Buffers\],\[.*\],\[protobuf@googlegroups.com\],\[protobuf\]\)$',
+      ('AC_INIT([Protocol Buffers],[%s],[protobuf@googlegroups.com],[protobuf])'
+        % GetFullVersion()),
+      line))
+
+
+def UpdateCpp():
+  cpp_version = '%d%03d%03d' % (
+    NEW_VERSION_INFO[0], NEW_VERSION_INFO[1], NEW_VERSION_INFO[2])
+  def RewriteCommon(line):
+    line = re.sub(
+      r'^#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION .*$',
+      '#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION %s' % cpp_version,
+      line)
+    line = re.sub(
+      r'^#define PROTOBUF_VERSION .*$',
+      '#define PROTOBUF_VERSION %s' % cpp_version,
+      line)
+    if NEW_VERSION_INFO[2] == 0:
+      line = re.sub(
+        r'^#define PROTOBUF_MIN_HEADER_VERSION_FOR_PROTOC .*$',
+        '#define PROTOBUF_MIN_HEADER_VERSION_FOR_PROTOC %s' % cpp_version,
+        line)
+      line = re.sub(
+        r'^#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION .*$',
+        '#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION %s' % cpp_version,
+        line)
+      line = re.sub(
+        r'^static const int kMinHeaderVersionForLibrary = .*$',
+        'static const int kMinHeaderVersionForLibrary = %s;' % cpp_version,
+        line)
+      line = re.sub(
+        r'^static const int kMinHeaderVersionForProtoc = .*$',
+        'static const int kMinHeaderVersionForProtoc = %s;' % cpp_version,
+        line)
+    return line
+  
+  def RewritePortDef(line):
+    line = re.sub(
+      r'^#define PROTOBUF_VERSION .*$',
+      '#define PROTOBUF_VERSION %s' % cpp_version,
+      line)
+    if NEW_VERSION_INFO[2] == 0:
+      line = re.sub(
+        r'^#define PROTOBUF_MIN_HEADER_VERSION_FOR_PROTOC .*$',
+        '#define PROTOBUF_MIN_HEADER_VERSION_FOR_PROTOC %s' % cpp_version,
+        line)
+      line = re.sub(
+        r'^#define PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION .*$',
+        '#define PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION %s' % cpp_version,
+        line)
+      line = re.sub(
+        r'^#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_LIBRARY_VERSION .*$',
+        '#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_LIBRARY_VERSION %s' % cpp_version,
+        line)
+    return line
+
+  def RewritePbH(line):
+    line = re.sub(
+        r'^#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < .*$',
+        '#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < %s' % cpp_version,
+        line)
+    line = re.sub(
+        r'^#if .* < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION$',
+        '#if %s < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION' % cpp_version,
+        line)
+    return line
+    
+  RewriteTextFile('src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h', RewriteCommon)
+  RewriteTextFile('src/google/protobuf/port_def.inc', RewritePortDef)
+  RewriteTextFile('src/google/protobuf/any.pb.h', RewritePbH)
+  RewriteTextFile('src/google/protobuf/api.pb.h', RewritePbH)
+  RewriteTextFile('src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h', RewritePbH)
+  RewriteTextFile('src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.h', RewritePbH)
+  RewriteTextFile('src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.h', RewritePbH)
+  RewriteTextFile('src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h', RewritePbH)
+  RewriteTextFile('src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h', RewritePbH)
+  RewriteTextFile('src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.h', RewritePbH)
+  RewriteTextFile('src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h', RewritePbH)
+  RewriteTextFile('src/google/protobuf/type.pb.h', RewritePbH)
+  RewriteTextFile('src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h', RewritePbH)
+  RewriteTextFile('src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h', RewritePbH)
+
+
+def UpdateCsharp():
+  RewriteXml('csharp/src/Google.Protobuf/Google.Protobuf.csproj',
+    lambda document : ReplaceText(
+      Find(Find(document.documentElement, 'PropertyGroup'), 'VersionPrefix'),
+      GetFullVersion(rc_suffix = '-rc')),
+    add_xml_prefix=False)
+
+  RewriteXml('csharp/Google.Protobuf.Tools.nuspec',
+    lambda document : ReplaceText(
+      Find(Find(document.documentElement, 'metadata'), 'version'),
+      GetFullVersion(rc_suffix = '-rc')))
+
+
+def UpdateJava():
+  RewriteXml('java/pom.xml',
+    lambda document : ReplaceText(
+      Find(document.documentElement, 'version'), GetFullVersion()))
+
+  RewriteXml('java/bom/pom.xml',
+    lambda document : ReplaceText(
+      Find(document.documentElement, 'version'), GetFullVersion()))
+
+  RewriteXml('java/core/pom.xml',
+    lambda document : ReplaceText(
+      Find(Find(document.documentElement, 'parent'), 'version'),
+      GetFullVersion()))
+
+  RewriteXml('java/lite/pom.xml',
+    lambda document : ReplaceText(
+      Find(Find(document.documentElement, 'parent'), 'version'),
+      GetFullVersion()))
+
+  RewriteXml('java/util/pom.xml',
+    lambda document : ReplaceText(
+      Find(Find(document.documentElement, 'parent'), 'version'),
+      GetFullVersion()))
+
+  RewriteXml('protoc-artifacts/pom.xml',
+    lambda document : ReplaceText(
+      Find(document.documentElement, 'version'), GetFullVersion()))
+
+
+def UpdateJavaScript():
+  RewriteTextFile('js/package.json',
+    lambda line : re.sub(
+      r'^  "version": ".*",$',
+      '  "version": "%s",' % GetFullVersion(rc_suffix = '-rc.'),
+      line))
+
+
+def UpdateMakefile():
+  protobuf_version_offset = 11
+  expected_major_version = 3
+  if NEW_VERSION_INFO[0] != expected_major_version:
+    print """[ERROR] Major protobuf version has changed. Please update
+update_version.py to readjust the protobuf_version_offset and
+expected_major_version such that the PROTOBUF_VERSION in src/Makefile.am is
+always increasing.
+    """
+    exit(1)
+
+  protobuf_version_info = '%d:%d:0' % (
+    NEW_VERSION_INFO[1] + protobuf_version_offset, NEW_VERSION_INFO[2])
+  RewriteTextFile('src/Makefile.am',
+    lambda line : re.sub(
+      r'^PROTOBUF_VERSION = .*$',
+      'PROTOBUF_VERSION = %s' % protobuf_version_info,
+      line))
+
+
+def UpdateObjectiveC():
+  RewriteTextFile('Protobuf.podspec',
+    lambda line : re.sub(
+      r"^  s.version  = '.*'$",
+      "  s.version  = '%s'" % GetFullVersion(rc_suffix = '-rc'),
+      line))
+  RewriteTextFile('Protobuf-C++.podspec',
+    lambda line : re.sub(
+      r"^  s.version  = '.*'$",
+      "  s.version  = '%s'" % GetFullVersion(rc_suffix = '-rc'),
+      line))
+
+
+def UpdatePhp():
+  def Callback(document):
+    def CreateNode(tagname, indent, children):
+      elem = document.createElement(tagname)
+      indent += 1
+      for child in children:
+        elem.appendChild(document.createTextNode('\n' + (' ' * indent)))
+        elem.appendChild(child)
+      indent -= 1
+      elem.appendChild(document.createTextNode('\n' + (' ' * indent)))
+      return elem
+
+    root = document.documentElement
+    now = datetime.datetime.now()
+    ReplaceText(Find(root, 'date'), now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))
+    ReplaceText(Find(root, 'time'), now.strftime('%H:%M:%S'))
+    version = Find(root, 'version')
+    ReplaceText(Find(version, 'release'), GetFullVersion(rc_suffix = 'RC'))
+    ReplaceText(Find(version, 'api'), NEW_VERSION)
+    stability = Find(root, 'stability')
+    ReplaceText(Find(stability, 'release'),
+        'stable' if RC_VERSION < 0 else 'beta')
+    ReplaceText(Find(stability, 'api'), 'stable' if RC_VERSION < 0 else 'beta')
+    changelog = Find(root, 'changelog')
+    for old_version in changelog.getElementsByTagName('version'):
+      if Find(old_version, 'release').firstChild.nodeValue == NEW_VERSION:
+        print ('[WARNING] Version %s already exists in the change log.'
+          % NEW_VERSION)
+        return
+    if RC_VERSION != 0:
+      changelog.appendChild(document.createTextNode(' '))
+      release = CreateNode('release', 2, [
+          CreateNode('version', 3, [
+            FindAndClone(version, 'release'),
+            FindAndClone(version, 'api')
+          ]),
+          CreateNode('stability', 3, [
+            FindAndClone(stability, 'release'),
+            FindAndClone(stability, 'api')
+          ]),
+          FindAndClone(root, 'date'),
+          FindAndClone(root, 'time'),
+          FindAndClone(root, 'license'),
+          FindAndClone(root, 'notes')
+        ])
+      changelog.appendChild(release)
+      changelog.appendChild(document.createTextNode('\n '))
+  RewriteXml('php/ext/google/protobuf/package.xml', Callback)
+  RewriteTextFile('php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.h',
+    lambda line : re.sub(
+      r'PHP_PROTOBUF_VERSION ".*"$',
+      'PHP_PROTOBUF_VERSION "%s"' % NEW_VERSION,
+      line))
+
+  RewriteTextFile('php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.h',
+    lambda line : re.sub(
+      r"^#define PHP_PROTOBUF_VERSION .*$",
+      "#define PHP_PROTOBUF_VERSION \"%s\"" % GetFullVersion(rc_suffix = 'RC'),
+      line))
+
+  RewriteTextFile('php/ext/google/protobuf/protobuf.h',
+    lambda line : re.sub(
+      r"^#define PHP_PROTOBUF_VERSION .*$",
+      "#define PHP_PROTOBUF_VERSION \"%s\"" % GetFullVersion(rc_suffix = 'RC'),
+      line))
+
+def UpdatePython():
+  RewriteTextFile('python/google/protobuf/__init__.py',
+    lambda line : re.sub(
+      r"^__version__ = '.*'$",
+      "__version__ = '%s'" % GetFullVersion(rc_suffix = 'rc'),
+      line))
+
+def UpdateRuby():
+  RewriteTextFile('ruby/google-protobuf.gemspec',
+    lambda line : re.sub(
+      r'^  s.version     = ".*"$',
+      '  s.version     = "%s"' % GetFullVersion(rc_suffix = '.rc.'),
+      line))
+
+
+UpdateConfigure()
+UpdateCsharp()
+UpdateCpp()
+UpdateJava()
+UpdateJavaScript()
+UpdateMakefile()
+UpdateObjectiveC()
+UpdatePhp()
+UpdatePython()
+UpdateRuby()
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/util/python/BUILD b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/util/python/BUILD
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ee56c87e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protobuf/util/python/BUILD
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_library")
+
+# This is a placeholder for python headers. Projects needing to use
+# fast cpp protos in protobuf's python interface should build with
+# --define=use_fast_cpp_protos=true, and in addition, provide
+# //external:python_headers dependency that in turn provides Python.h.
+#
+# Projects that include protobuf using a Bazel external repository will need to
+# add a workspace rule to their WORKSPACE files to add an external workspace
+# that includes the Python headers. For example, the protobuf WORKSPACE file
+# includes the following local_repository rule that points to this directory:
+#
+# new_local_repository(
+#   name = "python_headers",
+#   path = __workspace_dir__ + "/util/python",
+# )
+cc_library(
+    name = "python_headers",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protocols/checkpointing.pb.cc b/debugging/checkpointing/protocols/checkpointing.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4db27e3df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protocols/checkpointing.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: checkpointing.proto
+
+#include "checkpointing.pb.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+namespace kokkos_checkpointing {
+class ViewDefaultTypeInternal {
+ public:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<View> _instance;
+} _View_default_instance_;
+}  // namespace kokkos_checkpointing
+static void InitDefaultsscc_info_View_checkpointing_2eproto() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  {
+    void* ptr = &::kokkos_checkpointing::_View_default_instance_;
+    new (ptr) ::kokkos_checkpointing::View();
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::OnShutdownDestroyMessage(ptr);
+  }
+  ::kokkos_checkpointing::View::InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfo<0> scc_info_View_checkpointing_2eproto =
+    {{ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase::kUninitialized), 0, 0, InitDefaultsscc_info_View_checkpointing_2eproto}, {}};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata file_level_metadata_checkpointing_2eproto[1];
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::EnumDescriptor const** file_level_enum_descriptors_checkpointing_2eproto = nullptr;
+static constexpr ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor const** file_level_service_descriptors_checkpointing_2eproto = nullptr;
+
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 TableStruct_checkpointing_2eproto::offsets[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(::kokkos_checkpointing::View, _has_bits_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(::kokkos_checkpointing::View, _internal_metadata_),
+  ~0u,  // no _extensions_
+  ~0u,  // no _oneof_case_
+  ~0u,  // no _weak_field_map_
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(::kokkos_checkpointing::View, name_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(::kokkos_checkpointing::View, size_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(::kokkos_checkpointing::View, data_),
+  0,
+  2,
+  1,
+};
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::MigrationSchema schemas[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) = {
+  { 0, 8, sizeof(::kokkos_checkpointing::View)},
+};
+
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message const * const file_default_instances[] = {
+  reinterpret_cast<const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message*>(&::kokkos_checkpointing::_View_default_instance_),
+};
+
+const char descriptor_table_protodef_checkpointing_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
+  "\n\023checkpointing.proto\022\024kokkos_checkpoint"
+  "ing\"0\n\004View\022\014\n\004name\030\001 \002(\t\022\014\n\004size\030\002 \002(\003\022"
+  "\014\n\004data\030\003 \002(\014"
+  ;
+static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable*const descriptor_table_checkpointing_2eproto_deps[1] = {
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SCCInfoBase*const descriptor_table_checkpointing_2eproto_sccs[1] = {
+  &scc_info_View_checkpointing_2eproto.base,
+};
+static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::once_flag descriptor_table_checkpointing_2eproto_once;
+static bool descriptor_table_checkpointing_2eproto_initialized = false;
+const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_checkpointing_2eproto = {
+  &descriptor_table_checkpointing_2eproto_initialized, descriptor_table_protodef_checkpointing_2eproto, "checkpointing.proto", 93,
+  &descriptor_table_checkpointing_2eproto_once, descriptor_table_checkpointing_2eproto_sccs, descriptor_table_checkpointing_2eproto_deps, 1, 0,
+  schemas, file_default_instances, TableStruct_checkpointing_2eproto::offsets,
+  file_level_metadata_checkpointing_2eproto, 1, file_level_enum_descriptors_checkpointing_2eproto, file_level_service_descriptors_checkpointing_2eproto,
+};
+
+// Force running AddDescriptors() at dynamic initialization time.
+static bool dynamic_init_dummy_checkpointing_2eproto = (  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AddDescriptors(&descriptor_table_checkpointing_2eproto), true);
+namespace kokkos_checkpointing {
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void View::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+class View::_Internal {
+ public:
+  using HasBits = decltype(std::declval<View>()._has_bits_);
+  static void set_has_name(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 1u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_size(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 4u;
+  }
+  static void set_has_data(HasBits* has_bits) {
+    (*has_bits)[0] |= 2u;
+  }
+};
+
+View::View()
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(), _internal_metadata_(nullptr) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+}
+View::View(const View& from)
+  : ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message(),
+      _internal_metadata_(nullptr),
+      _has_bits_(from._has_bits_) {
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_name()) {
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  data_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (from._internal_has_data()) {
+    data_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.data_);
+  }
+  size_ = from.size_;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+}
+
+void View::SharedCtor() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&scc_info_View_checkpointing_2eproto.base);
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  data_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  size_ = PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(0);
+}
+
+View::~View() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void View::SharedDtor() {
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  data_.DestroyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+void View::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  _cached_size_.Set(size);
+}
+const View& View::default_instance() {
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InitSCC(&::scc_info_View_checkpointing_2eproto.base);
+  return *internal_default_instance();
+}
+
+
+void View::Clear() {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000003u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      name_.ClearNonDefaultToEmptyNoArena();
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      data_.ClearNonDefaultToEmptyNoArena();
+    }
+  }
+  size_ = PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(0);
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
+  _internal_metadata_.Clear();
+}
+
+const char* View::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) {
+#define CHK_(x) if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!(x))) goto failure
+  _Internal::HasBits has_bits{};
+  while (!ctx->Done(&ptr)) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 tag;
+    ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
+    CHK_(ptr);
+    switch (tag >> 3) {
+      // required string name = 1;
+      case 1:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 10)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_name();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          #ifndef NDEBUG
+          ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::VerifyUTF8(str, "kokkos_checkpointing.View.name");
+          #endif  // !NDEBUG
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // required int64 size = 2;
+      case 2:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 16)) {
+          _Internal::set_has_size(&has_bits);
+          size_ = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReadVarint(&ptr);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      // required bytes data = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8>(tag) == 26)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_data();
+          ptr = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+        } else goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if ((tag & 7) == 4 || tag == 0) {
+          ctx->SetLastTag(tag);
+          goto success;
+        }
+        ptr = UnknownFieldParse(tag, &_internal_metadata_, ptr, ctx);
+        CHK_(ptr != nullptr);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }  // switch
+  }  // while
+success:
+  _has_bits_.Or(has_bits);
+  return ptr;
+failure:
+  ptr = nullptr;
+  goto success;
+#undef CHK_
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* View::_InternalSerialize(
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = _has_bits_[0];
+  // required string name = 1;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->_internal_name().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_name().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "kokkos_checkpointing.View.name");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        1, this->_internal_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // required int64 size = 2;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+    target = stream->EnsureSpace(target);
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt64ToArray(2, this->_internal_size(), target);
+  }
+
+  // required bytes data = 3;
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+    target = stream->WriteBytesMaybeAliased(
+        3, this->_internal_data(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    target = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields(), target, stream);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+  return target;
+}
+
+size_t View::RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(required_fields_byte_size_fallback_start:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  if (_internal_has_name()) {
+    // required string name = 1;
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_name());
+  }
+
+  if (_internal_has_data()) {
+    // required bytes data = 3;
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::BytesSize(
+        this->_internal_data());
+  }
+
+  if (_internal_has_size()) {
+    // required int64 size = 2;
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int64Size(
+        this->_internal_size());
+  }
+
+  return total_size;
+}
+size_t View::ByteSizeLong() const {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+  size_t total_size = 0;
+
+  if (((_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000007) ^ 0x00000007) == 0) {  // All required fields are present.
+    // required string name = 1;
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_name());
+
+    // required bytes data = 3;
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::BytesSize(
+        this->_internal_data());
+
+    // required int64 size = 2;
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::Int64Size(
+        this->_internal_size());
+
+  } else {
+    total_size += RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback();
+  }
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
+    return ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        _internal_metadata_, total_size, &_cached_size_);
+  }
+  int cached_size = ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
+  SetCachedSize(cached_size);
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void View::MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  const View* source =
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::DynamicCastToGenerated<View>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_fail:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void View::MergeFrom(const View& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(&from, this);
+  _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom(from._internal_metadata_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 cached_has_bits = 0;
+  (void) cached_has_bits;
+
+  cached_has_bits = from._has_bits_[0];
+  if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000007u) {
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000001u) {
+      _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+      name_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000002u) {
+      _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+      data_.AssignWithDefault(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.data_);
+    }
+    if (cached_has_bits & 0x00000004u) {
+      size_ = from.size_;
+    }
+    _has_bits_[0] |= cached_has_bits;
+  }
+}
+
+void View::CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void View::CopyFrom(const View& from) {
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool View::IsInitialized() const {
+  if ((_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000007) != 0x00000007) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void View::InternalSwap(View* other) {
+  using std::swap;
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  data_.Swap(&other->data_, &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+    GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  swap(size_, other->size_);
+}
+
+::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata View::GetMetadata() const {
+  return GetMetadataStatic();
+}
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+}  // namespace kokkos_checkpointing
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> PROTOBUF_NOINLINE ::kokkos_checkpointing::View* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage< ::kokkos_checkpointing::View >(Arena* arena) {
+  return Arena::CreateInternal< ::kokkos_checkpointing::View >(arena);
+}
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/protocols/checkpointing.pb.h b/debugging/checkpointing/protocols/checkpointing.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bdb6c4362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/protocols/checkpointing.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: checkpointing.proto
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_checkpointing_2eproto
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_checkpointing_2eproto
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#if PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3011000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3011004 < PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+#include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
+#define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_checkpointing_2eproto
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+namespace internal {
+class AnyMetadata;
+}  // namespace internal
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
+struct TableStruct_checkpointing_2eproto {
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTableField entries[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseTable schema[1]
+    PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold);
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint32 offsets[];
+};
+extern const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_checkpointing_2eproto;
+namespace kokkos_checkpointing {
+class View;
+class ViewDefaultTypeInternal;
+extern ViewDefaultTypeInternal _View_default_instance_;
+}  // namespace kokkos_checkpointing
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_OPEN
+template<> ::kokkos_checkpointing::View* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<::kokkos_checkpointing::View>(Arena*);
+PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_CLOSE
+namespace kokkos_checkpointing {
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class View :
+    public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:kokkos_checkpointing.View) */ {
+ public:
+  View();
+  virtual ~View();
+
+  View(const View& from);
+  View(View&& from) noexcept
+    : View() {
+    *this = ::std::move(from);
+  }
+
+  inline View& operator=(const View& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline View& operator=(View&& from) noexcept {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
+    } else {
+      CopyFrom(from);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* descriptor() {
+    return GetDescriptor();
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Descriptor* GetDescriptor() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().descriptor;
+  }
+  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Reflection* GetReflection() {
+    return GetMetadataStatic().reflection;
+  }
+  static const View& default_instance();
+
+  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  static inline const View* internal_default_instance() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const View*>(
+               &_View_default_instance_);
+  }
+  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
+    0;
+
+  friend void swap(View& a, View& b) {
+    a.Swap(&b);
+  }
+  inline void Swap(View* other) {
+    if (other == this) return;
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  }
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline View* New() const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<View>(nullptr);
+  }
+
+  View* New(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* arena) const final {
+    return CreateMaybeMessage<View>(arena);
+  }
+  void CopyFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void MergeFrom(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& from) final;
+  void CopyFrom(const View& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const View& from);
+  PROTOBUF_ATTRIBUTE_REINITIALIZES void Clear() final;
+  bool IsInitialized() const final;
+
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
+  const char* _InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ParseContext* ctx) final;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* _InternalSerialize(
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::uint8* target, ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::io::EpsCopyOutputStream* stream) const final;
+  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }
+
+  private:
+  inline void SharedCtor();
+  inline void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const final;
+  void InternalSwap(View* other);
+  friend class ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AnyMetadata;
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::StringPiece FullMessageName() {
+    return "kokkos_checkpointing.View";
+  }
+  private:
+  inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadata() const final;
+  private:
+  static ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata GetMetadataStatic() {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::AssignDescriptors(&::descriptor_table_checkpointing_2eproto);
+    return ::descriptor_table_checkpointing_2eproto.file_level_metadata[kIndexInFileMessages];
+  }
+
+  public:
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  enum : int {
+    kNameFieldNumber = 1,
+    kDataFieldNumber = 3,
+    kSizeFieldNumber = 2,
+  };
+  // required string name = 1;
+  bool has_name() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_name() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_name();
+  const std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const std::string& value);
+  void set_name(std::string&& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_name();
+  std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(std::string* name);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_name() const;
+  void _internal_set_name(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_name();
+  public:
+
+  // required bytes data = 3;
+  bool has_data() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_data() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_data();
+  const std::string& data() const;
+  void set_data(const std::string& value);
+  void set_data(std::string&& value);
+  void set_data(const char* value);
+  void set_data(const void* value, size_t size);
+  std::string* mutable_data();
+  std::string* release_data();
+  void set_allocated_data(std::string* data);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_data() const;
+  void _internal_set_data(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_data();
+  public:
+
+  // required int64 size = 2;
+  bool has_size() const;
+  private:
+  bool _internal_has_size() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_size();
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 size() const;
+  void set_size(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value);
+  private:
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 _internal_size() const;
+  void _internal_set_size(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value);
+  public:
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:kokkos_checkpointing.View)
+ private:
+  class _Internal;
+
+  // helper for ByteSizeLong()
+  size_t RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const;
+
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
+  mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr data_;
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 size_;
+  friend struct ::TableStruct_checkpointing_2eproto;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+// View
+
+// required string name = 1;
+inline bool View::_internal_has_name() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool View::has_name() const {
+  return _internal_has_name();
+}
+inline void View::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline const std::string& View::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:kokkos_checkpointing.View.name)
+  return _internal_name();
+}
+inline void View::set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_name(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:kokkos_checkpointing.View.name)
+}
+inline std::string* View::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:kokkos_checkpointing.View.name)
+  return _internal_mutable_name();
+}
+inline const std::string& View::_internal_name() const {
+  return name_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void View::_internal_set_name(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void View::set_name(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:kokkos_checkpointing.View.name)
+}
+inline void View::set_name(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:kokkos_checkpointing.View.name)
+}
+inline void View::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:kokkos_checkpointing.View.name)
+}
+inline std::string* View::_internal_mutable_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* View::release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:kokkos_checkpointing.View.name)
+  if (!_internal_has_name()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  return name_.ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void View::set_allocated_name(std::string* name) {
+  if (name != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:kokkos_checkpointing.View.name)
+}
+
+// required int64 size = 2;
+inline bool View::_internal_has_size() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool View::has_size() const {
+  return _internal_has_size();
+}
+inline void View::clear_size() {
+  size_ = PROTOBUF_LONGLONG(0);
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 View::_internal_size() const {
+  return size_;
+}
+inline ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 View::size() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:kokkos_checkpointing.View.size)
+  return _internal_size();
+}
+inline void View::_internal_set_size(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  size_ = value;
+}
+inline void View::set_size(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::int64 value) {
+  _internal_set_size(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:kokkos_checkpointing.View.size)
+}
+
+// required bytes data = 3;
+inline bool View::_internal_has_data() const {
+  bool value = (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+  return value;
+}
+inline bool View::has_data() const {
+  return _internal_has_data();
+}
+inline void View::clear_data() {
+  data_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline const std::string& View::data() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:kokkos_checkpointing.View.data)
+  return _internal_data();
+}
+inline void View::set_data(const std::string& value) {
+  _internal_set_data(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:kokkos_checkpointing.View.data)
+}
+inline std::string* View::mutable_data() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:kokkos_checkpointing.View.data)
+  return _internal_mutable_data();
+}
+inline const std::string& View::_internal_data() const {
+  return data_.GetNoArena();
+}
+inline void View::_internal_set_data(const std::string& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  data_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+}
+inline void View::set_data(std::string&& value) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  data_.SetNoArena(
+    &::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::move(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_rvalue:kokkos_checkpointing.View.data)
+}
+inline void View::set_data(const char* value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(value != nullptr);
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  data_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:kokkos_checkpointing.View.data)
+}
+inline void View::set_data(const void* value, size_t size) {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  data_.SetNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:kokkos_checkpointing.View.data)
+}
+inline std::string* View::_internal_mutable_data() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  return data_.MutableNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline std::string* View::release_data() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:kokkos_checkpointing.View.data)
+  if (!_internal_has_data()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  return data_.ReleaseNonDefaultNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void View::set_allocated_data(std::string* data) {
+  if (data != nullptr) {
+    _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+  } else {
+    _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+  }
+  data_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), data);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:kokkos_checkpointing.View.data)
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace kokkos_checkpointing
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc>
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_checkpointing_2eproto
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/puppies.cpp b/debugging/checkpointing/puppies.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6748a9e74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/puppies.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <Kokkos_Core.hpp>
+
+int main(){
+  Kokkos::initialize();
+  {
+    Kokkos::View<float*, Kokkos::CudaSpace> dogs("puppies",100);
+    Kokkos::View<float*, Kokkos::CudaSpace> dogs2("puppies",100);
+    Kokkos::parallel_for("initialization",100,KOKKOS_LAMBDA(int i){
+      dogs(i) = i;
+      dogs2(i) = 2*i;
+    });
+    Kokkos::parallel_for("dogs",100,KOKKOS_LAMBDA(int i){
+      dogs(100000+i) = i; //hopefully an access violation
+    });
+    dogs(0) = 1000; // definitely an access violation
+  }
+  Kokkos::finalize();
+}
diff --git a/debugging/checkpointing/reader.cpp b/debugging/checkpointing/reader.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7fa5f1db5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/debugging/checkpointing/reader.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <protocols/checkpointing.pb.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <set>
+struct ptr_info {
+  std::string who;
+  void* what;
+  size_t how_much;
+  bool where;
+  mutable void* canonical;  // look, I'm in a hurry, I'm sorry
+};
+std::string program_prefix = R"PREFIX(
+#include <Kokkos_Core.hpp>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <protocols/checkpointing.pb.h>
+struct ptr_info {
+  std::string who;
+  void* what;
+  size_t how_much;
+  bool where;
+  mutable void* canonical;
+};
+
+std::pair<void*,size_t> get_ptr_data(std::ifstream& input){
+    size_t message_size;
+    input >> message_size;
+
+    char* raw_input = new char[message_size];    
+    input.read(raw_input, message_size);
+    
+    ptr_info info;
+    kokkos_checkpointing::View v;
+    bool worked = v.ParseFromString(std::string(raw_input,message_size));
+    info.who = v.name();
+    info.how_much = v.size();
+    char* raw_data = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(info.how_much));
+    memcpy(raw_data, const_cast<char*>(v.data().c_str()), info.how_much);
+    return std::make_pair(raw_data, info.how_much);
+}
+  template<typename Hv, typename Dv>
+  void show(Hv h, Dv d){
+    std::cout << d.label() << "["<<h.extent(0) << "] (" << std::hex << h.data()<<") "<< std::dec << h[0]<<std::endl;
+    for(int x = 0 ; x < h.extent(0); ++x){
+      if(h(x)!=0){
+        std::cout << "Nonzero\n";
+      }
+    }
+  std::cout << h(h.extent(0)-2) << std::endl;
+  }
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
+  Kokkos::initialize(argc, argv);
+  {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+    std::string filename = "checkpoint.kokkos";
+    if (argc > 1) {
+      filename = argv[1];
+    }
+    std::ifstream input(filename);
+    size_t num_alloc;
+    input >> num_alloc;
+)PREFIX";
+std::string program_suffix = R"SUFFIX(
+  }
+  Kokkos::finalize();
+}
+)SUFFIX";
+/**
+ *      UnsortedEntriesUpperBound<size_type, ordinal_type, alno_row_view_t_,
+                                blno_row_view_t_, clno_row_view_t_>
+                                */
+std::map<std::string, int> num_encounters;
+std::map<std::string, std::string> care_about = {
+    {"C row ptrs", "x_rowmap"},
+    {"non_const_lnow_row", "b_rowmap"},
+    {"C row counts upper bound", "c_rowmap_upperbound"},
+    {"C entries uncompressed", "c_entries_uncompressed"},
+    {"A and B permuted entry indices", "ab_perm"},
+    {"A entry positions", "a_pos"},
+    {"B entry positions", "b_pos"},
+    {"puppies", "puppies"}};
+
+std::map<std::string, std::pair<std::string,std::string>> type_info = {
+    //{"C row ptrs", "x_rowmap"},
+    //{"non_const_lnow_row", "b_rowmap"},
+    //{"C row counts upper bound", "c_rowmap_upperbound"},
+    //{"C entries uncompressed", "c_entries_uncompressed"},
+    //{"A and B permuted entry indices", {"long long","*"}},
+    //{"A entry positions", "a_pos"},
+    //{"B entry positions", "b_pos"},
+   { "puppies", {"float", "*"}}       
+};
+
+std::set<std::string> encountered_names;
+bool name_matches(std::string name) {
+  return (care_about.find(name) != care_about.end());
+}
+std::string get_kokkos_view_string(std::string oname, bool new_name = true) {
+  std::string build;
+  if (name_matches(oname)) {
+    if (num_encounters.find(oname) == num_encounters.end()) {
+      num_encounters[oname] = 0;
+    }
+    auto& value                  = num_encounters[oname];
+    auto name                    = care_about[oname];
+    std::string value_name = name;
+    if(value!=0){
+      value_name += "_" + std::to_string(value);
+    }
+    ++value;
+    std::string raw_scalar_type = "USER_FILL_THIS_IN";
+    std::string raw_pointer_addend = "*";
+    if(type_info.find(oname)!=type_info.end()){
+      auto pr = type_info[oname];
+      raw_scalar_type = pr.first;
+      raw_pointer_addend = pr.second;
+    }
+    std::string scalar_type_name = name + "_scalar_type";
+    std::string view_type_name   = name + "_view_type";
+    std::string view_type =
+        "Kokkos::View<" + scalar_type_name + raw_pointer_addend + ", Kokkos::CudaSpace>";
+    std::string mirror_view_type_name = view_type_name + "::HostMirror";
+    std::string mirror_name           = value_name + "_mirror";
+    std::string data_name             = value_name + "_data";
+    // build+= ((new_name) ? ("YES\n") : ("NO\n"));
+    if (new_name) {
+      build += "    using " + scalar_type_name + "= "+raw_scalar_type+";\n";
+      build += "    using " + view_type_name + "= " + view_type +
+               "; /** you need to fill in the number of dimensions, sorry */\n";
+    }
+    std::string declarator = "auto ";
+    build += std::string("    ") + declarator + data_name +
+             " = get_ptr_data(input);\n";
+    build += "    " + mirror_view_type_name + " " + mirror_name +
+             "( reinterpret_cast<" + scalar_type_name + "*>(" + data_name +
+             ".first)," + data_name + ".second / sizeof(" + scalar_type_name +
+             ")); /** you may need to adapt this for Views > 1D */\n";
+    build += "    " + view_type_name + " " + value_name + "(\"" + value_name + "\"," +
+             data_name + ".second / sizeof(" + scalar_type_name + "));\n";
+    build += "    Kokkos::deep_copy(" + value_name + "," + mirror_name + ");\n";
+    build += "    Kokkos::fence();\n";
+    build += "    show("+mirror_name+","+value_name+");\n";
+  } else {
+    build += "    get_ptr_data(input);\n";
+  }
+  return build;
+}
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  std::string filename = "checkpoint.kokkos";
+  if (argc > 1) {
+    filename = argv[1];
+  }
+  std::ifstream input(filename);
+  int num_allocations;
+  input >> num_allocations;
+  std::string program = program_prefix;
+  for (int x = 0; x < num_allocations; ++x) {
+    size_t message_size;
+    input >> message_size;
+
+    char* raw_input = new char[message_size];
+    input.read(raw_input, message_size);
+
+    ptr_info info;
+    kokkos_checkpointing::View v;
+    bool worked      = v.ParseFromString(raw_input);
+    info.who         = v.name();
+    info.how_much    = v.size();
+    char* raw_data   = const_cast<char*>(v.data().c_str());
+    int num_entries  = info.how_much / sizeof(float);
+    bool found       = false;
+    auto encountered = encountered_names.find(info.who);
+    if (encountered == encountered_names.end()) {
+      found = true;
+      encountered_names.insert(info.who);
+    }
+    std::string reader = get_kokkos_view_string(info.who, found);
+    program += reader;
+  }
+  program += program_suffix;
+  std::cout << program;
+}
diff --git a/debugging/kernel-logger/kp_kernel_logger.cpp b/debugging/kernel-logger/kp_kernel_logger.cpp
index 5afd0ca8c..6bdd46cf0 100644
--- a/debugging/kernel-logger/kp_kernel_logger.cpp
+++ b/debugging/kernel-logger/kp_kernel_logger.cpp
@@ -44,20 +44,21 @@
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <vector>
 #include <string>
+#include <stdio.h>
 
-
-
+std::string output_base_name;
 std::vector<std::string> regions;
+FILE* outfile;
 static uint64_t uniqID;
 struct SpaceHandle {
   char name[64];
 };
 
 void kokkosp_print_region_stack_indent(const int level) {
-	printf("KokkosP: ");
+	fprintf(outfile,"KokkosP: ");
 	
 	for(int i = 0; i < level; i++) {
-		printf("  ");
+		fprintf(outfile,"  ");
 	}
 }
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ int kokkosp_print_region_stack() {
 
 	for(auto regItr = regions.begin(); regItr != regions.end(); regItr++) {
 		kokkosp_print_region_stack_indent(level);
-		printf("%s\n", (*regItr).c_str());
+		fprintf(outfile,"%s\n", (*regItr).c_str());
 		
 		level++;
 	}
@@ -78,66 +79,78 @@ extern "C" void kokkosp_init_library(const int loadSeq,
 	const uint64_t interfaceVer,
 	const uint32_t devInfoCount,
 	void* deviceInfo) {
-
-	printf("KokkosP: Example Library Initialized (sequence is %d, version: %llu)\n", loadSeq, interfaceVer);
+    char* output_name = getenv("KERNEL_LOGGER_OUTPUT");
+    if(!output_name){
+       outfile = stdout; 
+    }
+    else{
+       char* mpi_rank_str =  getenv("OMPI_COMM_WORLD_RANK");
+       output_base_name = output_name; 
+       if(mpi_rank_str){
+         output_base_name += "_" + std::string(mpi_rank_str);
+       }
+       outfile = fopen(output_base_name.c_str(),"w");
+    }
+	fprintf(outfile,"KokkosP: Example Library Initialized (sequence is %d, version: %llu)\n", loadSeq, interfaceVer);
 	uniqID = 0;
 	
 }
 
 extern "C" void kokkosp_finalize_library() {
-	printf("KokkosP: Kokkos library finalization called.\n");
+	fprintf(outfile,"KokkosP: Kokkos library finalization called.\n");
+    fclose(outfile);
 }
 
 extern "C" void kokkosp_begin_parallel_for(const char* name, const uint32_t devID, uint64_t* kID) {
 	*kID = uniqID++;
 
-	printf("KokkosP: Executing parallel-for kernel on device %d with unique execution identifier %llu\n",
+	fprintf(outfile,"KokkosP: Executing parallel-for kernel on device %d with unique execution identifier %llu\n",
 		devID, *kID);
 
 	int level = kokkosp_print_region_stack();
 	kokkosp_print_region_stack_indent(level);
 	
-	printf("%s\n", name);
+	fprintf(outfile,"%s\n", name);
 }
 
 extern "C" void kokkosp_end_parallel_for(const uint64_t kID) {
-	printf("KokkosP: Execution of kernel %llu is completed.\n", kID);
+	fprintf(outfile,"KokkosP: Execution of kernel %llu is completed.\n", kID);
 }
 
 extern "C" void kokkosp_begin_parallel_scan(const char* name, const uint32_t devID, uint64_t* kID) {
 	*kID = uniqID++;
 
-	printf("KokkosP: Executing parallel-scan kernel on device %d with unique execution identifier %llu\n",
+	fprintf(outfile,"KokkosP: Executing parallel-scan kernel on device %d with unique execution identifier %llu\n",
 		devID, *kID);
 
 	int level = kokkosp_print_region_stack();
 	kokkosp_print_region_stack_indent(level);
 	
-	printf("%s\n", name);
+	fprintf(outfile,"%s\n", name);
 }
 
 extern "C" void kokkosp_end_parallel_scan(const uint64_t kID) {
-	printf("KokkosP: Execution of kernel %llu is completed.\n", kID);
+	fprintf(outfile,"KokkosP: Execution of kernel %llu is completed.\n", kID);
 }
 
 extern "C" void kokkosp_begin_parallel_reduce(const char* name, const uint32_t devID, uint64_t* kID) {
 	*kID = uniqID++;
 
-	printf("KokkosP: Executing parallel-reduce kernel on device %d with unique execution identifier %llu\n",
+	fprintf(outfile,"KokkosP: Executing parallel-reduce kernel on device %d with unique execution identifier %llu\n",
 		devID, *kID);
 
 	int level = kokkosp_print_region_stack();
 	kokkosp_print_region_stack_indent(level);
 	
-	printf("%s\n", name);
+	fprintf(outfile,"%s\n", name);
 }
 
 extern "C" void kokkosp_end_parallel_reduce(const uint64_t kID) {
-	printf("KokkosP: Execution of kernel %llu is completed.\n", kID);
+	fprintf(outfile,"KokkosP: Execution of kernel %llu is completed.\n", kID);
 }
 
 extern "C" void kokkosp_push_profile_region(char* regionName) {
-	printf("KokkosP: Entering profiling region: %s\n", regionName);
+	fprintf(outfile,"KokkosP: Entering profiling region: %s\n", regionName);
 
 	std::string regionNameStr(regionName);
 	regions.push_back(regionNameStr);
@@ -145,24 +158,24 @@ extern "C" void kokkosp_push_profile_region(char* regionName) {
 
 extern "C" void kokkosp_pop_profile_region() {
 	if(regions.size() > 0) {
-		printf("KokkosP: Exiting profiling region: %s\n", regions.back().c_str());
+		fprintf(outfile,"KokkosP: Exiting profiling region: %s\n", regions.back().c_str());
 		regions.pop_back();
 	}
 }
 
 extern "C" void kokkosp_allocate_data(SpaceHandle handle, const char* name, void* ptr, uint64_t size) {
-  printf("KokkosP: Allocate<%s> name: %s pointer: %p size: %lu\n",handle.name,name,ptr,size);
+  fprintf(outfile,"KokkosP: Allocate<%s> name: %s pointer: %p size: %lu\n",handle.name,name,ptr,size);
 }
 
 extern "C" void kokkosp_deallocate_data(SpaceHandle handle, const char* name, void* ptr, uint64_t size) {
-  printf("KokkosP: Deallocate<%s> name: %s pointer: %p size: %lu\n",handle.name,name,ptr,size);
+  fprintf(outfile,"KokkosP: Deallocate<%s> name: %s pointer: %p size: %lu\n",handle.name,name,ptr,size);
 }
 
 extern "C" void kokkosp_begin_deep_copy(
     SpaceHandle dst_handle, const char* dst_name, const void* dst_ptr,
     SpaceHandle src_handle, const char* src_name, const void* src_ptr,
     uint64_t size) {
-  printf("KokkosP: DeepCopy<%s,%s> DST(name: %s pointer: %p) SRC(name: %s pointer %p) Size: %lu\n",
+  fprintf(outfile,"KokkosP: DeepCopy<%s,%s> DST(name: %s pointer: %p) SRC(name: %s pointer %p) Size: %lu\n",
     dst_handle.name, src_handle.name,
     dst_name, dst_ptr, src_name, src_ptr, size);
 }